bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANTIMICROBIAL EFFICACY OF PASSION FRUIT EXTRACT AGAINST ENTEROCOCCUS FAECALIS – AN IN VITRO STUDY
Authors: Gayathri K , G.S Prathima , Sajeev R , Sanguida A
Published: December 2020

Purpose: Elimination of infectious microorganisms that cause pulpal and periapical diseases through biomechanical preparation and irrigation is mandatory for the success of endodontic therapy. Although many irrigants were used before, a novel approach in the field of endodontics began with the advent of herbal extracts. Passion fruit is an exotic climber possessing many antimicrobial, antifungal and antioxidant properties that fulfil some desirable properties required for an ideal root canal irrigant. Considering these, the study was aimed to compare and assess the antimicrobial efficacy of different concentrations of Passion fruit extract with saline and NaOCl against E. Faecalis.
Methods: 80 single rooted premolars following the inclusion and exclusion criteria were taken for the study and was divided randomly in to four groups namely Group A- 30% Passion fruit extract, Group B- 20% Passion fruit extract, Group C- 0.9% Normal saline, Group D- 5.25% Sodium hypochlorite. Before and after irrigation CFU were calculated after canal preparation and irrigation with test and control irrigants was done. All the groups were compared and the data’s were analysed statistically.
Results: Group A 30% Passion fruit extract showed a comparable result with Group D- 5.25% Sodium hypochlorite and was statistically significant
Conclusion: 20% and 30% Passion fruit extract was found effective in reducing the bacterial load and 30% Passion fruit extract was comparable with 5.25% Sodium hypochlorite
A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON OUTCOMES OF OPEN & LAPAROSCOPIC REPAIR IN INGUINAL HERNIA IN A TERTIARY CARE CENTRE
Authors: Rao Konkena Janardhana , Meghana K. , Reddy N. Prahalada , Ramanaiah J. , V Mamatha. , Reddy Kethireddy Madan Mohan
Published: December 2020

Background: Over the last decade, the field of hernia surgery got a new transformation, with exponential growth in mesh technology. Laparoscopic hernia repair has remained a contentious issue since its inception. Though a variety of procedures performed; none can be termed as an ideal procedure as each one is accompanied by varied early and late complications. The most scientific way to conclude the superiority of one method over others is evidence-based medicine. Hence, we have conducted a study in our institute, to compare Lichtenstein tension-free open hernioplasty with Transabdominal pre-peritoneal repair (TAPP) comparing the intraoperative and early postoperative complications.
Methods: Our study was a single-centre, prospective comparative study conducted on sixty-one patients, over a period of 2 years from August 2018 to August 2020. All the cases included in the study were uncomplicated inguinal hernias. A detailed history of the symptoms, thorough clinical examination and investigations were done, which were analysed.
Results: Most of the patients presented in the 5th decade. Male to female ratio of incidence of inguinal hernia was 11.2:1. Majority of the patients presented with unilateral hernia with right inguinal hernia being the most frequent presentation. The mean duration of surgery for TAPP is more when compared to Lichtenstein operation. The mean duration of hospital stay for open hernioplasty is more when compared to the laparoscopic hernia repair. TAPP is associated with lesser complications when compared to Lichtenstein's hernioplasty. Seroma, hematoma, and wound infection were the common complications noted.
Conclusion: TAPP repair is a better procedure when compared to Lichtenstein operation in terms of hospital stay, post- operative recovery, intra-operative and post-operative complications.
Triagem de indicadores de altas habilidades/superdotação para professores
Authors: Nakano Tatiana de Cassia
Published: December 2020

The paper presents the process of building a screening tool for indicators of giftedness to be answered by teachers, as part of a comprehensive process of identification of the phenomenon. The instrument consists of 42 items, referring to behaviors in five areas: general intellectual capacity, specific academic skills, leadership, creativity and artistic talent. The teacher must read each item and judge the intensity with which each behavior represents the evaluated student, choosing one of three alternatives: development below the expected level for the age, level equal to that presented by children of the same age or very characteristic of that child (development above average). It is aimed at evaluating students from the 3rd to the 9th grade of elementary school. A series of studies aimed at investigating the psychometric qualities of the tool have already been conducted and will be presented, in summary form, throughout the work. Among them, there are evidences of construct validity, internal structure, external criteria and external measures, as well as precision through internal consistency. The results obtained so far confirm the adequacy of the scale for the purpose for which it was created, to function as a screening tool for the presence of indicators of high skills / giftedness, which justify the indication of the student for a broader and more thorough evaluation.
Biomarkers of infection in the optimization of antibacterial therapy: justified expectations
Authors: Kulabukhov Vladimir V. , Shabanov А.К. , Andreeva Irina V. , Stetsiouk Оlga U. , Andreev V.А.
Published: December 2020

Despite the continuous improvement of approaches to antimicrobial therapy and the emergence of new highly effective antibiotics, severe bacterial infections being a significant cause of morbidity and mortality remain a top of mind issue for clinicians. Immediate initiation of the effective antibiotic therapy is an essential component of the successful treatment of serious bacterial infections, and therefore, special attention should be paid to the timely diagnosis. Measurements of biomarkers of inflammation (C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, presepsin, proadrenomedullin) in combination with clinical evaluation are important at first for the diagnosis of bacterial infection, and after that these can help to assess the clinical response to therapy and determine the time-point of antibiotics withdrawal. This review presents the characteristics of the main markers of inflammation, discusses the situations when determination of biomarkers is appropriate, and also provides modern clinical recommendations and algorithms regarding the use of these diagnostic markers in the management of patients with bacterial infections.
Etiology of community-acquired pneumonia and prevalence of comorbidities in elderly patient population
Authors: Zyryanov Sergey K. , Chenkurov M.S. , Ivzhits Marina A. , Batechko Yu.A. , Ivanova E.B. , Yakunina M.A.
Published: December 2020

Objective.

To investigate the mortality rate, comorbidity prevalence, and etiology of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in elderly patient population.
Materials and Methods.

Hospitalized elderly patients with CAP were distributed into the following age groups: 65–74 years (group I), 75–84 years (group II) and 85–94 years (group III). The patients’ medical records were used for determining comorbidities and mortality rate. In order to determine etiology of CAP, sputum or BAL samples were collected. A total of 171 isolates were identified using MALDI-TOF MS.
Results.

The mortality rates were 27.1%, 31.5% and 45.7% in age groups I, II, III, respectively. The most common concomitant diseases in all age groups were arterial hypertension (47.4%, 54.6%, and 62.8% for groups I, II, and III, respectively), chronic heart failure (45.7%, 50.9%, and 60.0%, respectively), and coronary heart disease (15.2%, 25.9%, and 24.3%, respectively). The most frequently isolated bacteria by age group were the following: group I – non-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria (NFGNB) (7.4%), Enterobacterales (6.6%), S. aureus (6.6%); group II – Enterobacterales (13.9%), S. aureus (5.6%), Enterococcus spp. (5.6%), NFGNB (2.8%); group III – NFGNB (15.4%), S. aureus (7.7%), Enterococcus spp. (7.7%), Enerobacterales (7.7%).
Conclusions.

The mortality rates in elderly patients with CAP were high and varied from 27.1% in 65–74 years old patients to 45.7% in 85–94 years old patients. The most common comorbidities in all age groups were arterial hypertension (up to 62.8%), chronic heart failure (up to 60%), and coronary heart disease (up to 25.9%). The main pathogens causing CAP in elderly patient population were Enterobacterales and non-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria.
ATUAÇÃO DA FISIOTERAPIA NO PACIENTE NEUROCRÍTICO NA UNIDADE
DE TERAPIA INTENSIVA: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA
Authors: Sousa Valéria Renata Monteiro de , Felix Gabriela Trindade , Almeida Alessyanne Terezinha da Rocha , Garcia Sandrys Karoline Martins , Costa Leonardo Ramos Nicolau da
Published: December 2020

Objetivo: levantar bibliografias relevantes, tabular e revisar sistematicamente, acerca do cuidado fisioterapêutico com o paciente neurocrítico em unidades de terapia intensiva. Metodologia: uma revisão sistemática da literatura, de caráter descritivo, por meio da busca de periódicos nas bases de dados Scientific Electronic Library Online(SCIELO), Literatura Latino Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), PubMed e MedLine, Foram pesquisados estudos da língua portuguesa (Brasil) e inglesa, publicados nos últimos dez anos, utilizando os seguintes descritores em saúde: Fisioterapia, Paciente neurocrítico, Unidade de terapia intensiva, sendo assim coletados 83 estudos com estes descritores. Resultados: A partir da pesquisa bibliográfica, selecionou-se 19 artigos, dos quais foram divididos entre introdução, revisão sistemática e discussão. Os 9 artigos selecionados para a revisão sistemática, foram tabulados e apresentavam temas acerca de protocolos e manobras fisioterapêuticas, monitorização hemodinâmica, ventilação mecânica invasiva e funcionalidade do paciente neurocrítico. Conclusão: manobras motoras e respiratórias desenvolvidas pelos fisioterapeutas não apresentaram significativas alterações hemodinâmicas, bem como o desfecho clínico funcional dos pacientes neurocriticos, depende da assistência recebida pelos mesmos enquanto internados, para que o declínio funcional seja minimizado e o desfecho clínico seja o melhor possível. A utilização de um protocolo para extubação demonstrou-se muito eficiente na prevenção da reintubação. Com tudo, ainda nota-se a necessidade de um maior número de pesquisas, acerca de diversos aspectos do cuidado do neurocrítico, para assim nortear a pratica profissional baseada em evidências.
Mewujudkan Masyarakat Qur’ani melalui Program KKN STIBA Makassar di Desa Kalabbirang Kabupaten Maros
Authors: Lambajo Sartini , Akhmad Hanafi Dain Yunta
Published: December 2020

The community service program is a form of the tri dharma of higher education that can be carried out through Student Community Service activities. One of the villages that is the location for the implementation of the STIBA Makassar KKN is Kalabbirang Village, which is located in Bantimurung District, Maros Regency, South Sulawesi. This article aims to provide a description of the community service process carried out by STIBA Makassar students in Kalabbirang Village. The program activities carried out are 1) Friday blessing; 2) Muslim fiqh taklim; 3) TPA development; 4) Dirose program; 5) Tahsin program; 6) Tarbiyah Islamiyah; 7) Halaqoh luhgawiyah; 8) youth taklim; 9) youth taklim; 10) Natural Tadabbur; 11) Handicraft training; 12) Training on organizing the body; 13) Festival of pious children. The results of the community service program contributed greatly to the formation of the Q'uranic community for the people in Kalabbirang Village.
Samhällsvetenskapliga perspektiv på Black Lives Matter
Authors: Jämte Jan , Kelekay Jasmine , Schclarek Mulinari Leandro , Sohl Lena
Published: December 2020

Sociologisk Forskning bad tre samhällsvetenskapliga forskare, verksamma i Sverige och USA, att svara på några frågor om rörelseprotesterna under parollen Black Lives Matter (BLM), antisvart rasism och dödligt polisvåld mot svarta människor. Deras svar grundar sig i egen och andras forskning inom områden som relationen mellan rasifiering och kriminalisering, postkoloniala perspektiv och kritisk kriminologi, erfarenheter av polisiär kontroll bland människor med afrikanskt ursprung i Stockholm, Malmö och New York samt sociala rörelser och politisk aktivism – särskilt olika former av antirasism.En av tidskriftens redaktörer, Lena Sohl, redigerade svaren till ett gemensamt samtal, där de tre forskarna kunde ändra och göra tillägg i sina egna svar. Den slutgiltiga texten färdigställdes den 10 december 2020.De medverkande forskarna är Jan Jämte, statsvetare och lektor i samhällskunskap vid Örebro universitet, som forskar om sociala rörelser och politisk aktivism, i synnerhet olika former av antirasism; Jasmine Kelekay, doktorand i sociologi vid University of California, Santa Barbara och gästdoktorand vid Kriminologiska institutionen, Stockholms universitet samt Centrum för mångvetenskaplig forskning om rasism vid Uppsala universitet, vars avhandling handlar om relationen mellan rasifiering och kriminalisering, med fokus på konstruktioner av svarthet och polisiär kontroll av svarta människor i Sverige; samt Leandro Schclarek Mulinari, doktor i kriminologi, vars forskning uppehåller sig vid skärningspunkten mellan kriminalitet och kriminalisering, i synnerhet förhållandet mellan denna skärningspunkt och frågor om rasism.
LINGUISTIC ASPECTS OF ONTOLOGY-BASED ARGUMENTATION STUDY
Authors: Кононенко И.С. , Ахмадеева И.Р. , Сидорова Е.А.
Published: December 2020

Обсуждаются вопросы аннотирования корпуса русскоязычных научно-популярных текстов. Особое внимание уделяется схеме разметки, в которой предметом аннотирования являются не только прагматические и семантические аспекты аргументации, но и лингвистические индикаторы аргументации. Предлагается представление индикаторов в виде лексических и лексико-грамматических шаблонов, которые автоматически формируются по размеченному фрагменту текста, а затем при необходимости уточняются экспертом вручную по результатам поиска в корпусе текстов и анализа всех соответствующих фрагментов. Полученный словарь индикаторов используется для поиска и автоматического выделения индикаторов аргументации в неразмеченном тексте.

Annotation of the corpus of Russian-language popular science texts is discussed. Particular attention is paid to the annotation scheme, in which the objects of annotation are not only pragmatic and semantic aspects of argumentation, but also their linguistic indicators. The presentation of argumentation indicators in the form of lexical and lexical-grammatical patterns is proposed, which are automatically generated from a marked-up fragment of text, and then, if necessary, are manually specified by an expert based on the results of a search in the corpus and analysis of all relevant fragments. The resulting dictionary of indicators is used to search and automatically highlight indicators of argumentation in unannotated text.
SEMANTIC TECHNOLOGIES FOR KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT TO SUPPORT JOINT ENERGY AND SOCIO-ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH
Authors: Ворожцова Т.Н. , Пестерев Д.В. , Ан Г.В.
Published: December 2020

В статье рассматриваются возможности применения семантических технологий при разработке интеллектуальной информационной системы для поддержки энергетических и социо-экологических исследований. Использование предлагаемых технологий для управления знаниями дает возможность интеграции исследований разных предметных областей. К семантическим технологиям авторы относят традиционное онтологическое представление знаний и когнитивное моделирование, позволяющее формализовать процессы принятия экспертных решений. Использование онтологий предлагается для описания знаний предметных областей междисциплинарных исследований (энергетических и социо-экологических), связанных с оценкой влияния энергетики на качество жизни. Онтологии дают возможность согласовать терминологию между исследователями и используются для описания и структурирования знаний. Когнитивное моделирование применяется для поддержки исследователей в процессе принятия решений, выявления и описания причинно-следственных связей между основными понятиями предметной области, называемыми концептами, их наглядного представления в процессе описания возможных ситуаций. В работе описываются компоненты онтологического пространства знаний для выполнения совместных энергетических и социо-экологических исследований влияния энергетики на экологию и качество жизни. Приводятся примеры онтологии, когнитивной карты и варианта разработанной модели данных для проектирования базы данных исследований.

The article discusses the possibilities of using semantic technologies in the development of an intelligent information system to support energy and socio-environmental research. The use of the proposed knowledge management technology makes it possible to integrate research in different subject areas. The authors refer to the semantic technologies as the traditional ontological representation of knowledge and the cognitive approach, which allows formalizing the processes of making expert decisions. The use of ontologies is proposed to describe the knowledge of subject areas of interdisciplinary energy and socio-ecological research related to assessing the impact of energy on the quality of life. Ontologies make it possible to agree on terminology between researchers and are used to describe and structure knowledge and required information. Cognitive modeling is used to support researchers in the decision-making process, identify and describe cause-and-effect relationships between the main concepts of the subject area, and visualize possible situations. The paper describes the components of the ontological space of knowledge for the implementation of joint energy and socio-ecological studies of the impact of energy on the environment and quality of life. Examples of an ontology, a cognitive map, and a variant of the developed data model for designing a database for research are given.
Russian Systematic Reconstruction as a Strategic Inevitability (Review of the International Conference)
Authors: Nipa Svetlana , Sukhina Tatyana
Published: December 2020

The article presents the overview of International Scientific Conference «The Russian Systematic Reconstruction as a Strategic Inevitability: Neoeconomic, Neoindustrialization, Neodirigizm», which had taken place at 5—7 of December 2016 on Faculty of Economics of MSU. The questions of fundamental understanding of the state national economy of Russia during structural crisis, search the main directions of Russian social economic reconstruction for strengthen Russian economy, the need and the prospects of «soft mobilization» were discussed at this conference.
Author Constructing Research Methodology for Territorial Sustainable Development
Authors: Mingaleva Zhanna , Oborin Matvey
Published: December 2020

The purpose of the article is to construct an up-to-date research methodology which will allow to examine territories within the context of sustainable development issues. Sustainable development of socio-economic and natural systems in its entirety is impossible without a comprehensive consideration of key factors and conditions that affect the state and prospects for their development, and without a targeted impact on these factors and conditions. The main result of the study is the adaptation of the methodology to the study of sustainable development of territories with different economic specialization and growth potential. A successful solution to this task is impossible without the development and consistent application of the research methodology, adequate to the goals and tasks set, to the current situation and the long-term trends in the development of nature and society. The results of our research suggest the solution of applied socio-economic tasks for the development of territories (subjects of the Russian Federation, small and medium-sized cities) to improve the quality of life and sustainable economic growth.
Skilled Workers on the Rural Labour Market: Supply vs. Demand
Authors: Varshavskaya Elena
Published: December 2020

The paper analyzes the correlation between supply and demand for skilled labour on the rural labour market. The paper defines skilled workers as those having tertiary professional education. The empirical basis for the research is constituted by the Labour Force Survey data between 2005 and 2015. It has been proved that in this period the supply of the skilled labour was steadily on the increase that was determined by the growth of both the number and share of people with higher education. The demand for the skilled labour of rural workers showed slower growth rates that resulted in an increasing gap between supply and demand. The research proves that education and qualification of rural workers are being underutilized, and the scale of education-occupation mismatch has been rather big. The most obvious contradiction between education underutilization and its non-purpose use - when people do not work in accordance with their specialization - refer to the workers with technical and agricultural training.
Features of Russian Capitalism (Review of the Conference)
Authors: Zyablyuk Rimma , Titova Nina
Published: December 2020

The article presents a review of a scientific seminar discussing the nature of modern economy and the specifics of the Russian economy. Scientific seminar is organized by the Problem group "Reproduction and growth" (headed by prof. V.N. Cherkovets) together with the Centre for socioeconomics, Department of political economy (headed by prof. A.V. Buzgalin), and Laboratory of comparative study of socio-economic systems of Economics Department (headed by prof. A.I. Kolganov). The discussion focused on the nature of modern capitalism in developed countries and peculiarities of Russian capitalism; the problem of monopoly capital; stages and content of its evolution; differences in monopoly capital in developed and developing economies and Russia; the changes in the globalization process; the contradictions of monopoly capital and modern process of production socialization.
Franšiza - model za razvoj poduzetništva
Authors: Erceg Aleksandar , Orban Ivana
Published: December 2020

Prilikom pokretanja poslovnog
pothvata potrebno je imati razrađenu strategiju poslovanja u kojoj se
poduzetnici, između ostalog, bave i problemom nedovoljne popularnosti njihovih
usluga. Jedan od načina pokretanja poduzetničkog pothvata je i kupovina
franšize. Ulaskom u franšizni odnos poduzetnik na samom početku poslovanja može
zaobići „početničke“ probleme i premostiti poslovne prepreke s obzirom na to da
davatelj franšize nudi dokazanu strategiju i metodologiju poslovanja kao i
potrebno znanje. Rad obrađuje pokretanje poduzetničkog pothvata kroz kupovinu
franšize. Obrađuje se franšizni odnos te prednosti i nedostatke ove vrste
poduzetničke alternative za uključene strane te proces kupovine franšize s
potrebnim koracima. Kupnja franšizne praonice rublja istražena je u kontekstu
prednosti koju ovakva vrsta poslovanja ima u odnosu na samostalno pokretanje
poslovnog pothvata nekoga tko nema predznanje u predmetnoj industriji. U radu
su opisani koraci kupnje franšize na temelju prijedloga poslovne suradnje
dobivenog od jednog svjetskog franšiznog brenda. U cilju analize potencijalnih
rizika pokretanja poslovanja napravljena je analize isplativosti, a oni se u
najvećoj mjeri odnose na činjenicu da razvoj uslužnih franšiza, između ostalog,
ovisi i o promjenama u društvenim navikama i stavovima. Rezultati provedenog istraživanja
rada može biti korisno svim pojedincima koji razmišljaju o pokretanju poslovnog
pothvata putem kupnje franšize.
JWST Transit Spectra. I. Exploring Potential Biases and Opportunities in Retrievals of Tidally Locked Hot Jupiters with Clouds and Hazes
Authors: Lacy Brianna I. , Burrows Adam
Published: December 2020

The atmospheres on tidally locked planets likely exhibit large differences between their day- and night-sides. In this paper, we illustrate how the combined effects of aerosols and day–night temperature gradients shape transit spectra of tidally locked exoplanets and evaluate the implications for retrievals of atmospheric properties. We have developed a new code, Multi-dimensional Exoplanet TransIt Spectra (METIS), which can compute transit spectra for arbitrary longitude–latitude–altitude grids of temperature and pressure. Using METIS, we pair flexible treatments of clouds and hazes with simple parameterized day–night temperature gradients to compute transit spectra and perform retrieval experiments across a wide array of possible exoplanet atmospheric properties. Our key findings are that: (1) the presence of aerosols can increase the effects of day–night temperature gradients on transit spectra; (2) ignoring day–night temperature gradients when attempting to perform Bayesian parameter estimation will return biased results, even when aerosols are present; (3) when a day–night temperature gradient is accounted for in the retrieval, some spectra contain sufficient information to constrain temperatures and the width of the transition from day to night. The presence of clouds and hazes can actually tighten such constraints, but also weaken constraints on metallicity and reference pressure. These last findings are predicated on the assumptions made in parameterizing the day–night atmospheric structure and the assumption of thermochemical equilibrium. Our results imply that this may be a promising avenue to pursue and represent a step toward the larger goal of developing models and theory of adequate complexity to match the superior-quality data that will soon be available.
Transition Region Contribution to AIA Observations in the Context of Coronal Heating
Authors: Schonfeld S. J. , Klimchuk J. A.
Published: December 2020

We investigate the ratio of coronal and transition region intensity in coronal loops observed by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) on the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). Using Enthalpy-based Thermal Evolution of Loops (EBTEL) hydrodynamic simulations, we model loops with multiple lengths and energy fluxes heated randomly by events drawn from power-law distributions with different slopes and minimum delays between events to investigate how each of these parameters influences observable loop properties. We generate AIA intensities from the corona and transition region for each realization. The variations within and between models generated with these different parameters illustrate the sensitivity of narrowband imaging to the details of coronal heating. We then analyze the transition region and coronal emission from a number of observed active regions and find broad agreement with the trends in the models. In both models and observations, the transition region brightness is significant, often greater than the coronal brightness in all six “coronal” AIA channels. We also identify an inverse relationship, consistent with heating theories, between the slope of the differential emission measure (DEM) coolward of the peak temperature and the observed ratio of coronal to transition region intensity. These results highlight the use of narrowband observations and the importance of properly considering the transition region in investigations of coronal heating.
Fermi-LAT Observations of V549 Vel 2017: A Subluminous Gamma-Ray Nova?
Authors: Li Kwan-Lok , Hambsch Franz-Josef , Munari Ulisse , Metzger Brian D. , Chomiuk Laura , Frigo Andrea , Strader Jay
Published: December 2020

We report on the Fermi Large Area Telescope detection (with ≈5.7σ significance) as well as the multiwavelength analysis of the 2017 nova eruption V549 Vel. Unlike the recent shock-powered novae ASASSN-16ma and V906 Car, the optical and γ-ray light curves of V549 Vel show no correlation, likely implying relatively weak shocks in the eruption. Gaia detected a candidate progenitor of V549 Vel and found a parallax measurement of ϖ = 1.91 ± 0.39 mas, equivalent to a mode distance of d ≈ 560 pc (90% credible interval of 380–1050 pc). The progenitor was also observed by the 2MASS and WISE surveys. When adopting the Gaia distance, the spectral energy distribution of the progenitor is close to that of a G-type star. The Swift X-Ray Telescope detected the supersoft X-ray emission of the nova (kT = 30–40 keV) since day 236, and the inferred blackbody size is comparable to that of other novae assuming d ≈ 560 pc (i.e., R
bb ∼ 5 × 108 cm). However, there is also an unknown astrometric excess noise of ϵ

i
 = 3.2 mas found in the Gaia data, and the inferred distance becomes controversial. If the Gaia distance is accurate, the γ-ray luminosity of V549 Vel will be as low as L

γ
 ∼ 4 × 1033 erg s−1, making it the least luminous γ-ray nova known so far. This may imply that the shock properties responsible for the γ-ray emission in V549 Vel are different from those of the more luminous events. If the nova is located farther away, it is likely a symbiotic system with a giant companion as the observed progenitor.
Formation of Smaller Anions from CnN− (n = 1–3, 5–7) in the Circumstellar Medium
Authors: Chacko Roby , Banhatti Shreyak , Nrisimhamurty M. , Yadav J. K. , Gupta A. K. , Aravind G.
Published: December 2020

We probe a new pathway for the formation of smaller anions from the temporary negative ion states (anion resonances) of C
n
N− (n = 1–3, 5–7) in the circumstellar envelope of IRC+10216. C
n
N− (n = 1–3, 5–7) anions were collisionally excited to their resonance states and were observed to decay into a variety of smaller anions. The measured kinetic-energy-release distributions for the anionic fragments arising from each of the parent anions indicate a concerted manner of occurrence of these fragments, implying rich dissociation dynamics.

and C2N− were found to be dominant fragments of these anions, suggesting their presence in the external layers of IRC+10216 where UV photons penetrate. C
n
N− (n = 1–3) were also observed to undergo dissociative and nondissociative double-electron detachments, with the former being dominant. The significance of this new pathway in determining the stability and abundance of anions in IRC+10216 is discussed.
Kinematical Signs of Dust Trapping and Feedback in a Local Pressure Bump in the Protoplanetary Disk around HD 142527 Revealed with ALMA
Authors: Yen Hsi-Wei , Gu Pin-Gao
Published: December 2020

We analyzed the archival data of the continuum emission at six wavelengths from 3 to 0.4 mm and 13CO and C18O (1–0, 2–1, and 3–2) lines in the protoplanetary disk around HD 142527 obtained with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. We performed fitting to the spectral energy distributions obtained at the six wavelengths with the graybody slab models to estimate the distributions of the dust surface density and spectral index of dust absorption coefficient β. We also estimated the distribution of the gas column density by fitting the C18O spectra and measured the disk rotation by fitting the Keplerian disk models to the C18O data. We found super- and sub-Keplerian rotation inside and outside the dust ring in the northwest in the HD 142527 disk, suggestive of the presence of a local pressure bump. In comparison with our estimated dust and gas distributions, the location of the pressure bump is coincident with the region showing a three times higher dust density and a three times lower gas-to-dust mass ratio than the mean values in the disk, suggesting dust trapping in the pressure bump. Nevertheless, there is no correlation between our derived β distribution and the location of the pressure bump. In addition, we found that the width of the dust ring is comparable to or larger than the width of the pressure bump, which could suggest that dust feedback is significant in the pressure bump.
Surface Energy of the Titan Aerosol Analog “Tholin”
Authors: Yu 余馨 Xinting 婷 , Hörst Sarah M. , He Chao , McGuiggan Patricia , Kristiansen Kai , Zhang Xi
Published: December 2020

The photochemical haze produced in the upper atmosphere of Titan plays a key role in various atmospheric and surface processes on Titan. The surface energy, one important physical property of the haze, is crucial for understanding the growth of the haze particles and can be used to predict their wetting behavior with solid and liquid species on Titan. We produced Titan analog haze materials, so-called “tholins,” with different energy sources and measured their surface energies through contact angle and direct force measurements. From the contact angle measurement, we found that the tholins produced by cold plasma and UV irradiation have a total surface energy around 60–70 mJ m−2. The direct force measurement yields a total surface energy of ∼66 mJ m−2 for plasma tholin. The surface energy of tholin is relatively high compared to common polymers, indicating its high cohesiveness. Therefore, the Titan haze particles would likely coagulate easily to form bigger particles, while the haze-derived surface sand particles would need a higher wind speed to be mobilized because of the high interparticle cohesion. The high surface energy of tholins also makes them easily wettable by Titan’s atmospheric hydrocarbon condensates and surface liquids. Thus, the haze particles are likely good cloud condensation nuclei for hydrocarbon clouds (methane and ethane) to nucleate and grow. And if the haze particles are denser compared to the lake liquids, they will likely sink into the lakes instead of forming a floating film to dampen the lake surface waves.
Bimodal Behavior and Convergence Requirement in Macroscopic Properties of the Multiphase Interstellar Medium Formed by Atomic Converging Flows
Authors: Kobayashi Masato I. N. , Inoue Tsuyoshi , Inutsuka Shu-ichiro , Tomida Kengo , Iwasaki Kazunari , Tanaka Kei E. I.
Published: December 2020

We systematically perform hydrodynamics simulations of 20

converging flows of the warm neutral medium (WNM) to calculate the formation of the cold neutral medium (CNM), focusing especially on the mean properties of the multiphase interstellar medium (ISM), such as the mean density on a 10 pc scale. Our results show that convergence in those mean properties requires a 0.02 pc spatial resolution that resolves the cooling length of the thermally unstable neutral medium (UNM) to follow the dynamical condensation from the WNM to the CNM. We also find that two distinct postshock states appear in the mean properties depending on the amplitude of the upstream WNM density fluctuation

(

). When

, the interaction between shocks and density inhomogeneity leads to a strong driving of the postshock turbulence of >3 km s−1, which dominates the energy budget in the shock-compressed layer. The turbulence prevents dynamical condensation by cooling, and the CNM mass fraction remains at ∼45%. In contrast, when

, the CNM formation proceeds efficiently, resulting in the CNM mass fraction of ∼70%. The velocity dispersion is limited to the thermal-instability-mediated level of ∼2–3 km s−1, and the layer is supported by both turbulent and thermal energy equally. We also propose an effective equation of state that models the multiphase ISM formed by the WNM converging flow as a one-phase ISM in the form of P ∝ ργ

eff
, where γ
eff varies from 0.9 (for a large pre-shock Δρ
0) to 0.7 (for a small pre-shock Δρ
0).
591 High-velocity Stars in the Galactic Halo Selected from LAMOST DR7 and Gaia DR2
Authors: Li 李 Yin-Bi 荫碧 , Luo 罗 A-Li 阿理 , Lu 陆由 You-Jun 俊 , Zhang 张 Xue-Sen 学森 , Li 李 Jiao 蛟 , Wang 王 Rui 瑞 , Zuo 左 Fang 芳 , Xiang 向茂 Maosheng 盛 , Ting 丁源 Yuan-Sen 森 , Marchetti Tommaso , Li 李 Shuo 硕 , Wang 王有 You-Fen 芬 , Zhang 张 Shuo 硕 , Hattori Kohei , Zhao 赵永 Yong-Heng 恒 , Zhang 张华 Hua-Wei 伟 , Zhao 赵 Gang 刚
Published: December 2020

In this paper, we report 591 high-velocity star candidates (HiVelSCs) selected from over 10 million spectra of Data Release 7 (DR7) of the Large Sky Area Multi-object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope and the second Gaia data release, with three-dimensional velocities in the Galactic rest frame larger than 445 km s−1. We show that at least 43 HiVelSCs are unbound to the Galaxy with escape probabilities larger than 50%, and this number decreases to eight if the possible parallax zero-point error is corrected. Most of these HiVelSCs are metal-poor and slightly α-enhanced inner halo stars. Only 14% of them have [Fe/H] > −1, which may be the metal-rich “in situ” stars in the halo formed in the initial collapse of the Milky Way or metal-rich stars formed in the disk or bulge but kinematically heated. The low ratio of 14% implies that the bulk of the stellar halo was formed from the accretion and tidal disruption of satellite galaxies. In addition, HiVelSCs on retrograde orbits have slightly lower metallicities on average compared with those on prograde orbits; meanwhile, metal-poor HiVelSCs with [Fe/H] < −1 have an even faster mean retrograde velocity compared with metal-rich HiVelSCs. To investigate the origins of HiVelSCs, we perform orbit integrations and divide them into four types, i.e., hypervelocity stars, hyper-runaway stars, runaway stars and fast halo stars. A catalog for these 591 HiVelSCs, including radial velocities, atmospheric parameters, Gaia astrometric parameters, spatial positions, and velocities, etc., is available in the China-VO PaperData Repository at doi:10.12149/101038.
The NANOGrav 12.5 yr Data Set: Wideband Timing of 47 Millisecond Pulsars
Authors: Alam Md F. , Arzoumanian Zaven , Baker Paul T. , Blumer Harsha , Bohler Keith E. , Brazier Adam , Brook Paul R. , Burke-Spolaor Sarah , Caballero Keeisi , Camuccio Richard S. , Chamberlain Rachel L. , Chatterjee Shami , Cordes James M. , Cornish Neil J. , Crawford Fronefield , Cromartie H. Thankful , DeCesar Megan E. , Demorest Paul B. , Dolch Timothy , Ellis Justin A. , Ferdman Robert D. , Ferrara Elizabeth C. , Fiore William , Fonseca Emmanuel , Garcia Yhamil , Garver-Daniels Nathan , Gentile Peter A. , Good Deborah C. , Gusdorff Jordan A. , Halmrast Daniel , Hazboun Jeffrey S. , Islo Kristina , Jennings Ross J. , Jessup Cody , Jones Megan L. , Kaiser Andrew R. , Kaplan David L. , Kelley Luke Zoltan , Key Joey Shapiro , Lam Michael T. , W. Lazio T. Joseph , Lorimer Duncan R. , Luo Jing , Lynch Ryan S. , Madison Dustin R. , Maraccini Kaleb , McLaughlin Maura A. , Mingarelli Chiara M. F. , Ng Cherry , Nguyen Benjamin M. X. , Nice David J. , Pennucci Timothy T. , Pol Nihan S. , Ramette Joshua , Ransom Scott M. , Ray Paul S. , Shapiro-Albert Brent J. , Siemens Xavier , Simon Joseph , Spiewak Renée , Stairs Ingrid H. , Stinebring Daniel R. , Stovall Kevin , Swiggum Joseph K. , Taylor Stephen R. , Tripepi Michael , Vallisneri Michele , Vigeland Sarah J. , Witt Caitlin A. , Zhu Weiwei ,   (The NANOGrav Collaboration)
Published: December 2020

We present a new analysis of the profile data from the 47 millisecond pulsars comprising the 12.5 yr data set of the North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves, which is presented in a parallel paper (Alam et al., hereafter NG12.5). Our reprocessing is performed using “wideband” timing methods, which use frequency-dependent template profiles, simultaneous time-of-arrival (TOA) and dispersion measure (DM) measurements from broadband observations, and novel analysis techniques. In particular, the wideband DM measurements are used to constrain the DM portion of the timing model. We compare the ensemble timing results to those in NG12.5 by examining the timing residuals, timing models, and noise-model components. There is a remarkable level of agreement across all metrics considered. Our best-timed pulsars produce encouragingly similar results to those from NG12.5. In certain cases, such as high-DM pulsars with profile broadening or sources that are weak and scintillating, wideband timing techniques prove to be beneficial, leading to more precise timing model parameters by 10%–15%. The high-precision, multiband measurements of several pulsars indicate frequency-dependent DMs. Compared to the narrowband analysis in NG12.5, the TOA volume is reduced by a factor of 33, which may ultimately facilitate computational speed-ups for complex pulsar timing array analyses. This first wideband pulsar timing data set is a stepping stone, and its consistent results with NG12.5 assure us that such data sets are appropriate for gravitational wave analyses.
OH Evolution in Molecular Clouds
Authors: Tang Ningyu , Li Di , Yue Nannan , Zuo Pei , Liu Tie , Luo Gan , Chen Longfei , Qin Sheng-Li , Wu Yuefang , Heiles Carl
Published: December 2020

We have conducted a OH 18 cm survey toward 141 molecular clouds in various environments, including 33 optical dark clouds, 98 Planck Galactic cold clumps (PGCCs), and 10 Spitzer dark clouds with the Arecibo telescope. The deviations from local thermal equilibrium are common for intensity ratios of both OH main lines and satellite lines. Line intensity of OH 1667 MHz is found to correlate linearly with visual extinction

when

is less than 3 mag. It was converted into OH column density by adopting the excitation temperature derived from Monte Carlo simulations with 1σ uncertainty. The relationship between OH abundance X(OH) relative to H2 and

is found to follow an empirical formula,

Linear correlation is found between OH and 13CO intensity. Besides, nonthermal velocity dispersions of OH and 13CO are closely correlated. These results imply tight chemical evolution and spatial occupation between OH and 13CO. No obvious correlation is found between column density and nonthermal velocity dispersion of OH and H i narrow self-absorption (HINSA), indicating different chemical evolution and spatial volume occupation between OH and HINSA. Using the age information of HINSA analysis, OH abundance X(OH) is found to increase linearly with cloud age, which is consistent with previous simulations. Fourteen OH components without corresponding CO emission were detected, implying the effectiveness of OH in tracing the “CO-dark” molecular gas.
Bridging the Planet Radius Valley: Stellar Clustering as a Key Driver for Turning Sub-Neptunes into Super-Earths
Authors: Kruijssen J. M. Diederik , Longmore Steven N. , Chevance Mélanie
Published: December 2020

Extrasolar planets with sizes between that of the Earth and Neptune (R
p = 1–4 R⊕) have a bimodal radius distribution. This “planet radius valley” separates compact, rocky super-Earths (R
p = 1.0–1.8 R⊕) from larger sub-Neptunes (R
p = 1.8–3.5 R⊕) hosting a gaseous hydrogen–helium envelope around their rocky core. Various hypotheses for this radius valley have been put forward, which all rely on physics internal to the planetary system: photoevaporation by the host star, long-term mass loss driven by the cooling planetary core, or the transition between two fundamentally different planet formation modes as gas is lost from the protoplanetary disk. Here we report the discovery that the planet radius distribution exhibits a strong dependence on ambient stellar clustering, characterized by measuring the position–velocity phase space density with Gaia. When dividing the planet sample into “field” and “overdensity” subsamples, we find that planetary systems in the field exhibit a statistically significant (p = 5.5 × 10−3) dearth of planets below the radius valley compared to systems in phase space overdensities. This implies that the large-scale stellar environment of a planetary system is a key factor setting the planet radius distribution. We discuss how models for the radius valley might be revised following our findings and conclude that a multiscale, multiphysics scenario is needed, connecting planet formation and evolution, star and stellar cluster formation, and galaxy evolution.
Elaboração e avaliação de hambúrgueres ovovegetarianos com castanha de baru (Dipteryx alata) e castanha de caju (Anacardium occidentale linaeus)
Authors: Barboza Luana Poiares , Pereira Maelen Toral , Fuzinatto Mariana Manfroi , Morato Priscila Neder
Published: December 2020

O objetivo deste estudo foi elaborar hambúrgueres ovovegetarianos com adição de castanhas de caju e de baru, que é um fruto típico do cerrado brasileiro, avaliar as composições físico-químicas e realizar a análise sensorial para determinar a viabilidade dos produtos. Foram elaboradas duas formulações com semente de girassol, água, ovos, trigo para quibe, fumaça liquida, condimentos, sal, diferindo-se apenas o tipo de castanha utilizada, a castanha de baru e caju. A análise sensorial foi realizada com 53 julgadores não treinados, que avaliaram atributos de cor, odor, sabor, textura e impressão global mediante escala hedônica estruturada de nove pontos. Foi aplicado também testes de intenção de compra, e uma ficha para avaliação de consumo do provador. As analises físico-químicas realizadas foram para determinar umidade, cinzas, proteínas, lipídeos, fibras. O teor teórico de carboidratos foi determinado por diferença. Os resultados obtidos foram submetidos ao teste t Student com nível de significância de 0,05. Através da analise estatísticas pode-se observar que só houve variância significativa para o parâmetro de cinzas, porém sensorialmente não houve diferença significativa. De acordo com o índice de aceitabilidade (IA), os resultados revelaram que para os dois hambúrgueres avaliados os índices foram superiores a 83% para todos os atributos, indicando que os produtos foram bem aceitos pelos julgadores. Conclui-se que a elaboração de hambúrgueres ovovegetarianos apresentou ótima aceitação sensorial e intenção de compra, servindo como opção para pessoas que desejam diminuir o consumo de carne vermelha, ou para consumidores que seguem esse estilo de vida.
The concept of vegetation class and order in phytosociological syntaxonomy
Authors: Loidi Javier
Published: December 2020

In order to stabilize the defining concepts of the higher rank syntaxonomic units such as class or order, the criteria of floristic content and unity of origin are enunciated. This is done with the aim of preventing the fragmentation of the large classes and the subsequent typological inflation. For orders, the criterion of specific floristic content is discussed, with orders that have been described to encompass seral secondary forests or the separation of forest vegetation from that which is dominated by shrubs rejected, due to their weak floristic characterization. These criteria have been applied to two forest vegetation classes: the European temperate (Querco-Fagetea) and the Mediterranean (Quercetea ilicis). For the first, it is argued in favor of maintaining a single class for all temperate deciduous forests in Europe instead of dividing them into four. Within this single class five orders are distinguished: Fagetalia, Quercetalia roboris, Quercetalia pubescenti-petraeae, Alno-Fraxinetalia and Populetalia albae, rejecting the orders that have been proposed for secondary forests because they have few characteristic taxa. For the sclerophyllous and macchia forests of Mediterranean Europe, the Quercetea ilicis class can be split into two or three geographical orders, rejecting the Pistacio-Rhamnetalia alaterni as a shrubby physiognomic unit.

Taxonomic reference: Castroviejo S (coord. gen.) (1986–2012) Flora iberica 1–8, 10–15, 17–18, 21. Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Madrid, ES.

Syntaxonomic reference: Mucina et al. (2016).