bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ENZIM NITRAT REDUKTASE SEBAGAI INDIKATOR KEBERHASILAN FITOREMEDIASI PADA LUMPUR SIDOARJO
Authors: Zulaika Enny
Published: April 2018

Penelitian bertujuan untuk membuktikan keberhasilan fitoremediasi menggunakan Cassia fistula dengan indikator peningkatan aktivitas enzim nitrat reduktase di daun tanaman. Preparasi lumpur menggunakan penambahan pasir dan pupuk organik 1:1:1, 1:1:2, 1:1:3, 1:1:4. Pengukuran aktivitas nitrat reduktase menggunakan metode spektrofotometri. Substrat enzim terdiri dari buffer pospat 9,8 ml dan 0,2 ml 0,1 M NaNO3. Preparasi enzim menggunakan substrat 0,2 ml ditambah 2 ml reagen pewarna {1 ml 0,02% N-Naphtyl Ethylen Diamin (NED) dan 1 ml 0,1 % sulfanilamid dalam HCL 3 N}. Perubahan warna diukur dengan spektrofotometer UV pada panjang gelombang 540 nm. Peningkatan aktivitas enzim nitrat reduktase di daun tanaman C. fistula menunjukkan keberhasilan proses fitoremediasi terhadap lumpur Sidoarjo. Peningkatan ANR dari minggu ke 2 sampai 8 menunjukkan korelasi positip (R2 > 0,9). Modifikasi lumpur pada perlakuan V (L:P:PO = 1:1:3) merupakan ANR yang signifikan untuk indikator fitoremediasi, yaitu 0,0369 - 0,0503 µmolx10-3/mg/jam dari minggu ke 2 - 8.
PENGARUH KEGIATAN CAR FREE DAY (CFD) DI KOTA PEKANBARU UNTUK PENGURANGAN EMISI KARBON DARI KEGIATAN TRANSPORTASI
Authors: Sasmita Aryo
Published: April 2018

Adanya penurunan kualitas udara oleh emisi karbon yang dihasilkan dari kegiatan transportasi di Pekanbaru, secara tidak langsung dapat menyebabkan perubahan iklim. Jenis gas emisi yang utama dan di sektor transportasi sebagai akibat dari pembakaran bahan bakar adalah gas CO2 dan CH4. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui apakah kegiatan car free day (CFD) yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah Kota Pekanbaru setiap hari minggu pada puku 06:00 hingga pukul 09:00 WIB mampu memberikan dampak mengurangi emisi karbon yang dihasilkan dari kegiatan transportasi.

Lokasi studi adalah jalan Diponegoro yang merupakan jalan yang dipergunakan untuk CFD. Pengumpulan data primer dilakukan pengaambilan perhitungan jumlah kendaraan dengan metode traffic counting. Kemudian dilakukan pengumpulan data sekunder, antara lain data perhitungan nilai emisi dengan mengumpulkan data perhitungan satuan mobil penumpang, faktor emisi untuk tiap jenis kendaraan dan data konsumsi energi spesifik untuk masing-masing kendaraan.

Dari hasil perhitungan diketahui bahwa nilai emisi karbon dioksida yang berhasil dikurangi dengan adanya kegiatan CFD adalah 236,486 kg CO2.
Determination of Specific Emission Factors of Residential for Carbon Footprint Estimation and Mapping in Banyuwangi District
Authors: Yuliana Layli
Published: April 2018

Increasing concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere occurred due to human activities, one of which is the residential sector. In an effort to overcome the problem of increased concentrations of greenhouse gases, the Government of Indonesia launched the first step action plan to mitigate climate change by doing GHG inventory in accordance with the IPCC guidelines. To increase the accuracy in conducting an inventory, each country was encouraged to draw up specific emission factors. This study aims to determine the residential sector of specific emission factors and analyze the distribution of emissions by mapping the carbon footprint. Calculation method was using the IPCC. Activity data was fuel for cooking in urban and rural areas. The results of the questionnaire showed a different pattern of household fuel consumption in urban and rural areas, households in urban areas generally use LPG, whereas in the rural areas wear LPG and firewood. From the results obtained by analysis,  the value of specific emission factor of fuel use for cooking in urban areas 0,3855 tons of CO2/ household.year, in rural areas 1,7776 tons of CO2/household.year. The result of calculation and mapping shows higher carbon footprint of fuel in rural areas due to the use of firewood.
MENUJU PELABUHAN BERKELANJUTAN TANPA INVESTASI
Authors: Haris Muhammad
Published: April 2018

Persaingan antar pelabuhan khususnya di terminal peti kemas, mendesak pihak Terminal Peti Kemas Belawan (BICT) untuk meningkatkan kinerja operasional pelabuhan. Meningkatnya isu lingkungan seperti perubahan iklim dan konsumsi energi menjadikan pengelola pelabuhan harus merancang pengembangan pelabuhan berwawasan lingkungan yang berkelanjutan. Operasional terminal peti kemas mencakup tiga jenis peralatan bongkar muat, yaitu container crane (CC), Rubber Tyred Gantry Crane (RTGC) dan truk. Tingginya biaya investasi peralatan bongkar muat membuat pengelola pelabuhan menerapkan optimalisasi operasional menuju pelabuhan berwawasan lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merekonstruksi kembali operasional dengan menggunakan metode penjadualan peralatan dan modified distributionpada penataan peti kemas. Hasil optimalisasi penelitian ini dapat mengurangi 44% effective time, konsumsi energi, efisiensi tenaga kerja dan efisiensi biaya logistik dengan peningkatan produktivitas menjadi 25B/C/H. Penelitian ini berkontribusi pada tataran teknis pengembangan pelabuhan berkelanjutan tanpa melakukan investasi.
Are multidisciplinary teams a legal shield or just a clinical comfort blanket?
Authors: Howard Anthony , Zhong Jim , Scott Julian
Published: April 2018

Discussion about and management of patients through multidisciplinary team meetings has become the standard of care in medical and surgical specialties, but does the team nature of these provide a legal shield for clinicians? This article discusses the legal implications of decision making within a multidisciplinary team.
Children’s Perceptions of Tests: A Content Analysis
Authors: Bulgan Gokce
Published: April 2018

Anxiety that students experience during test taking negatively influences their academic achievement. Understanding how students perceive tests and how they feel during test taking could help in taking effective preventive measures. Hence, the current study focused on assessing children’s perceptions of tests using content analysis. The sample consisted of 1143 participants (566 females and 570 males) attending 3rd (n = 320), 4th (n = 420), 5th (n = 197), and 6th (n = 206) grade classes in three public schools in Istanbul, Turkey. The findings indicated that three main domains emerged from the data. The domains and the categories under each domain were as follows: evaluation (grades, success vs. failure, learning and development, and intelligence), emotions (excitement, fear and anxiety, happiness, curiosity, mixed feelings, and disappointment), and experiential process (answering questions, studying, difficulty, thinking, having fun, cheating vs. honesty, and silence). Understanding students’ experiences with testing early on in their education will give researchers and practitioners the chance to plan effective applications for treatment and prevention, which would influence students’ future achievement and experiences. The study findings could also help teachers and school counselors plan more effective teaching and counseling programs that take into account students’ anxiety levels during tests.
Exploring Prospective Teachers’ Reflections in the Context of Conducting Clinical Interviews
Authors: Taylan Rukiye Didem
Published: April 2018

This study investigated prospective mathematics teachers’ reflections on the experience of designing and conducting one-to-one clinical interviews with middle school students in the context of an elective course on use of video in teacher learning. Prospective teachers were asked to write about weaknesses and strengths in student understanding as well as their own performance as an interviewer in terms of asking questions and responding to student thinking in their reflections on conducting clinical interviews. Furthermore, prospective teachers were also asked to reflect on what they would do differently in order to conduct better clinical interviews.  Nature of prospective teachers’ reflections were analyzed by using existing frameworks (through constructs of reflection-on-action and reflection-for-action) and by using thematic analysis. Results of data analyses revealed that prospective teachers had more difficulties in providing meaningful reflection-for-action which was related to alternative decisions and planning for future similar interviews. Thematic analysis results revealed prospective teachers’ learning were grouped under three categories: conducting clinical interviews as part of being a teacher, complexity of conducting clinical interviews, and personal theories about middle school students. There are implications for both teacher learning and research.
The Effect of 7E Learning Model on Conceptual Understandings of Prospective Science Teachers on 'de Broglie Matter Waves' Subject
Authors: Gorecek-Baybars Meryem , Kucukozer Huseyin
Published: April 2018

The object of this study is to determine the conceptual understanding that prospective Science teachers have relating "de Broglie: Matter waves" and to investigate the effect of the instruction performed, on the conceptual understanding. This study was performed at a state university located in the western part of Turkey, with the Faculty of Education-Science Teaching students (2nd year / 48 individual) in the academic year of 2010-2011. The study was planned as a single group pretest-posttest design. A two-step question was used in the study, prior to and after the instruction. Lessons were conducted using the 7E learning model in the instruction process. When all these results are evaluated, it can be said that the conceptual understanding of the prospective teachers regarding "de Broglie; matter waves" has been taken place. In general, when all the sections are examined, it has been observed that the prospective teachers have more alternative concepts prior to the instruction and more scientific concepts after the instruction.  In this process, besides instruction, the prospective teachers have not taken any place in a different application regarding the basic concepts of quantum physics. Therefore, it has been determined that the 7E learning model used in the research and the activities included in the 7E learning model are effective in conceptual understanding.
The Opinions of Middle School Mathematics Teachers on the Integration of Mathematics Course and Social Issues
Authors: Turhan-Turkkan Buket , Karakus Memet
Published: April 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine the opinions of middle school mathematics teachers on the integration of mathematics course and social issues. For this purpose, qualitative research method was used in this study. As for determining the participants of the research, criterion sampling among purposeful sampling methods was used. Being a middle school mathematics teacher as an occupation was considered as a criterion for determining the participants. The participants of the research consist of 13 middle school mathematics teachers in Turkey. So as to collect the research data, the semi-structured interview form created by the researchers was used. The data analysis was performed according to the content analysis, and Nvivo 10 program was used for the analysis. As a result of this study, the themes of the situation and methods of the integration of mathematics course and social issues, the attainment of democratic values in mathematics course and the ways of its attainment, gaining awareness of social justice and equality in mathematics course and the ways of its gaining, the activities performed by teachers for social issues in mathematics course and the teachers’ suggestions for the integration of mathematics course and social issues were reached and the results were discussed within this frame.
Diagnosing slipped capital femoral epiphysis amongst various medical specialists
Authors: Lam A. , Boenerjous S. A. , Lo Y. , Abzug J. M. , Kurian J. , Liszewski M. C. , Sanderson D. E. , Scholnick J. M. , Taragin B H. , Gomez J. A. , Otsuka N. Y. , Hanstein R.
Published: April 2018

Purpose

To evaluate sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of a radiographic slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE)-diagnosis among medical specialists.

Methods

Three paediatricians, three paediatric radiologists and three paediatric orthopaedic surgeons completed two rounds of a survey of anteroposterior and frog-leg lateral radiographs of patients with a diagnosis of SCFE (25), femoroacetabular impingement (four), Legg-Calvé-Perthes (11) or no hip pathology (ten). Intra- and interobserver agreement among specialties regarding the diagnosis of a SCFE were assessed using Cohen's kappa coefficient (κ). Diagnostic accuracy of SCFE relative to the benchmark, a combination of the radiographic diagnosis based on Klein's line, clinical symptoms and surgical treatment, was assessed computing sensitivity, specificity and accuracy.

Results

Intraobserver agreement between the surveys was moderate among paediatricians (κ-range, 0.44 to 0.52), moderate to almost perfect among orthopaedic surgeons (κ-range, 0.79 to 0.88) and almost perfect among paediatric radiologists (κ-range, 0.83 to 1.00). Interobserver agreement for survey 1 and 2 was slight among paediatricians (mean κ, 0.19), substantial among orthopaedic surgeons (mean κ, 0.77) and almost perfect among paediatric radiologists (mean κ, 0.86). Sensitivity of SCFE-diagnosis was high among radiologists and orthopaedic surgeons (88% to 100% for both specialties), but lower for paediatricians (24% to 76%). Specificity was high among radiologists and orthopaedic surgeons (72% to 84%), however, variable among paediatricians (56% to 80%). Accuracy of a SCFE-diagnosis was highest in radiologists (84% to 92%), followed by orthopaedic surgeons (80% to 88%) and paediatricians (48% to 78%).

Conclusion

SCFE can be detected on radiographs by different medical specialties. Intra- and interobserver agreement, specificity, sensitivity and accuracy for radiographic SCFE-diagnosis amongst paediatric radiologists and orthopaedic surgeons are better than that of general paediatricians.

Level of Evidence

II
Feminization of labour, defeminization of time banks: Digital time banking and unpaid virtual work
Authors: del Moral-Espín Lucía , Pais Ivana
Published: April 2018

This article addresses the notion of post-Fordism and the feminization of labour in order to provide deeper insight into the shifting boundaries of work in the Digital Age and how new forms of virtual work emerge. Specifically, this paper approaches digital time banking as a specific form of unpaid virtual work. We analyse six case studies to reveal the different gendered natures of digital and non-digital time banks (TBs) and to suggest that the defeminization (understood fundamentally, but not only, as the lack of presence and involvement of women and affective labour) of digital time banking may be connected with the so-called third gender digital divide. This leads us to discuss the underrepresentation of women in other digitally mediated and sharing economy initiatives, to suggest some possible explanations, and warn against the post-feminization of culture.
Root Canal Microflora
Authors: George Marina , Ivančaková Romana
Published: April 2018

Modern day endodontics is undergoing a massive change with the introduction of new molecular based techniques for microbial identification. This review focuses on the microbiota in untreated and root-filled canals. It will also describe briefly the recent developments in microbial identification and the mechanisms by which certain species of microbes are able to invade and establish themselves in the root canal.
Inflammation and Genes
Authors: Marklová Eliška
Published: April 2018

Inflammation is a protective immune response to infection, trauma, or injury; however, only a subset of patients develops inflammation, suggesting other contributing factors involved, such as the environment and genes. Inflammationassociated genes involving those with pro- and anti-inflammatory effect should be properly balanced and regulated; the protein products of these genes ultimately determine the outcome of inflammation. Apart from gene mutations, gene polymorphisms related to some inflammatory markers also appear to correlate with the incidence and/or outcome of serious inflammatory events. Some genes recently recognized to be associated with inflammation are briefly reviewed. Modern genomic approaches, such as DNA micro-arrays and serial analysis of gene expression, allow for determining the extremely complex profile of inflammatory genes.
Pregnancy with uncorrected tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), pulmonary atresia and major aorto-pulmonary collateral arteries (MAPCA)
Authors: Gomez Luis M. , Jones Ryan C. , Fuertes Maria R. , Tate Danielle L. , Ramanathan Jaya
Published: April 2018

Pregnancy with uncorrected tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is a rare event, and increases the risk for fetal growth restriction and adverse outcomes related to worsening right-to-left shunt, cyanosis, pulmonary hypertension and arrhythmia. Obstetric management is made on a case-by-case basis. Patients who remain stable can achieve term pregnancies and the mode of delivery can be based on obstetric indications. We present the case of a 21-year-old primigravida with baseline cyanosis, oxygen saturation 90% at rest (74% with activities), hematocrit 50%, and echocardiogram showing pulmonary atresia, ventricular septal defect (VSD), and major aorto-pulmonary collateral arteries (MAPCA). We managed her with aspirin, metoprolol and oxygen supplementation. She delivered at 38 weeks (fetal growth restriction) via cesarean; she received epidural and endocarditis prophylaxis. Three years later, she presented pregnant and had a repeat cesarean at term. Both newborns had normal structural hearts. Knowledge of the cardiovascular physiology during pregnancy and baseline assessment, and a multidisciplinary management are key aspects in the management of these cases during pregnancy.
Compact 4-Port MIMO/Diversity Antenna with Low Correlation for UWB Application
Authors: Mathur Rohit , Dwari Santanu
Published: April 2018

A compact four port multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna with polarization diversity for ultrawideband (UWB) application is proposed. The antenna contains four monopoles where each monopole has three concentric rings. Orthogonal arrangement of monopoles of the antenna provides good isolation and polarization diversity. The antenna has compact size of 36×36×1.6 mm3. It operates in the frequency band of 3.2 to 11 GHz where isolation is better than 15 dB. The envelop correlation coefficient (ECC) and diversity gain from S-parameter have been calculated to evaluate MIMO performance of the antenna. In addition to ensure distortion less transmission in UWB group delay is also calculated.
The Center of the Earth in Ancient Thought
Authors: Finn Jennifer
Published: April 2018

Throughout the annals of history, many societies have imagined that places integral to their religious, political, or cultural life should be considered “centers.” These centers are often represented by symbolic constructions, mythologies, and ideological statements. In many cases, notions of centrality are accompanied by claims that a particular space should be considered the “center” or “middle” of the earth; in the Classical World, such a place may also be referred to as the “navel of the earth,” with theomphalosconnected to the oracle at Delphi being the examplepar excellence. Yet Delphi did not hold a monopoly on Classical notions of centrality. From the archaic period to Late Antiquity, critical responses to Delphi emerged, sparking the appearance of other, competing, centers throughout the Mediterranean. New centers show striking similarities to one another in their associated ideologies, physicality, and mythography, and could be represented through programmatic cartographic, literary, and architectural statements. Regardless of the medium, all avenues of representation are indicators of the myriad ways in which these societies understood their physical and metaphorical place in relation to other civilizations of the ancient Mediterranean. This paper will argue that, through intense cultural contact, societies of the ancient world created imagined centers as a direct—and oftentimes competitive—response to other imagined centers in the Mediterranean, and beyond. All of these reconfigurations and manipulations of fictional and real space can be associated with fundamental shifts in the socio-cultural operations of the society in which the new “center” appears.
Crystal structure of catena-poly[aqua-(methanol-κO)-bis(μ2-4-(pyridin-4-yl)benzoato-κ2
N:O)-bis(triphenylphospine-κP)disilver(I)], C61H52Ag2N2O6P2
Authors: Zhu Ning , Ma Yan , Liu Jian-Ming , Li Yue-Xue , Liu Min , Xin Xiu-Lan , Jin Qiong-Hua
Published: April 2018

C61H52Ag2N2O6P2, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 14.4634(11) Å, b = 17.7866(18) Å, c = 20.5509(19) Å, V = 5286.8(8) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0424, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0997, T = 298(2) K.
Crystal structure of chlorido-methanol-(N-(2-(oxy)-3-methoxybenzylidene)pyridine-4-carbohydrazonato-κ3
O,N,O′)-(4-methylphenyl)methyl-tin(IV), C23H24ClN3O4Sn
Authors: Mun Lee See , Halcovitch Nathan R. , Tiekink Edward R.T.
Published: April 2018

C23H24ClN3O4Sn, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 9.7536(2) Å, b = 10.0755(2) Å, c = 12.4215(3) Å, α = 84.928(2)°, β = 72.544(2)°, γ = 74.382(2)°, V = 1121.44(4) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.021, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.054, T = 100(2) K.
Government Service Purchasing from Social Organizations in China: An Overview of the Development of a Powerful Trend
Authors: Wang Weinan , Snape Holly
Published: April 2018

In this work, we draw on available data to develop a comprehensive picture of the process through which “government service purchasing” has developed in China thus far. We argue that to understand the challenges that have begun to emerge in practice, it is important to look back and understand how government service purchasing has developed to date. Our hope is that by providing an overview of this development process, we can facilitate further research on what we believe is a phenomenon that will have deep implications for the relationships between Party, state, society, and market over the next decades in China.
Use it or lose it: The influence of second order effects of practical components on storing energy harvested by pyroelectric effects
Authors: Beasley Alex E. , Bowen Christopher R. , Zabek Daniel A. , Clarke Christopher T.
Published: April 2018

Harvesting energy using the pyroelectric effect has seen growth as a potential energy source for low power applications, such as self-powered and autonomous wireless sensor networks. The scavenged energy is generally at low power levels, from mW to less than µW. While the voltages generated by pyroelectrics can be appreciable, the electric currents can be low in the order of nano-amps. In the case of pyroelectric harvesting the frequency of operation can also be low, typically much lower than 1 Hz, due to the slow temperature oscillations and transients in systems of large thermal mass. The combination of low power levels and low frequency of operation means that methods of storing electrical energy generated by pyroelectrics and the influence of inherent second order losses is of importance to create efficient harvesting devices. This paper examines the second order characteristic effects of practical capacitors and diodes for storage. The stored energy decay characteristics for commercially available components are examined and the data is used to characterise the second order effects. Selected components are then used in a pyroelectric harvesting system to determine potential improvements by appropriate selection of components with low loss.
Matching Performance Prediction Between Core Driven Fan Stage and High Pressure Compressor
Authors: Ma Changyou , Hou Minjie , Wang Hui , Gao Jie
Published: April 2018

Based on the aerodynamic matching configuration between a core driven fan stage (CDFS) and high pressure compressor (HPC), matching state point correlation equations have been established in this paper. The radial nonuniformity of the CDFS outlet flow and the aerodynamic loss caused by complex flow structure between these two components are taken full account in the equations, and a high-accuracy prediction program for matching performance has been developed. Based on the experimental performance data of two components, matching performance prediction at given bypass ratio is made and compared with experimental results. The results show that: 1) The outlet temperature of CDFS varies with its state points change, which makes the relative corrected rotation speed of HPC in matching environment change, and the characteristic line of HPC is not based on the same relative corrected rotation speed. 2) The difference exists between the matching performance prediction results and experimental results. One reason is that CDFS performance varies in the component environment and the matching environment due to the different back pressure regulation modes; another reason is that this prediction method doesn’t consider the effect of the CDFS’s outlet flow nonuniformity on the HPC’s performance, but the maximum relative deviation of the flow rate is only 0.74 %.
„Atmosphäre“: Zum Potenzial eines Konzepts für die Religionswissenschaft
Authors: Radermacher Martin
Published: April 2018

Ausgehend von der Feststellung, dass „Atmosphären“ einerseits ein empirischer Sachverhalt im religionswissenschaftlichen Feld sind und andererseits in verschiedenen Disziplinen seit gut 40 Jahren auch als analytisches Konzept gehandelt werden, verfolgt dieser Literaturüberblick das Ziel, den Stand der Forschung zum Atmosphärenkonzept zusammenzufassen und das Potenzial des Konzepts für religionswissenschaftliche Forschung zu diskutieren. Der Beitrag stellt wesentliche Positionen zum Atmosphärenkonzept aus Philosophie, Phänomenologie, Psychologie, Ästhetik und Kunstwissenschaft sowie Architekturgeschichte, Städtebau, Soziologie, Humangeographie und Theologie vor und konstatiert ein religionswissenschaftliches Forschungsdesiderat. Auch die Religionsästhetik und einige der sogenannten turns werden thematisiert, da sie sich bereits mit Aspekten dessen befassen, was den Atmosphärenbegriff und seine Operationalisierung ausmacht. Der Artikel beinhaltet zudem einige Hypothesen, wie ein religionswissenschaftlich fruchtbares Atmosphärenkonzept auszuarbeiten wäre.
Didaktische Gestaltungen des Themas „Islam“ aus LehrerInnen- und SchülerInnenperspektive. Konfessioneller und religionskundlicher Unterricht im internationalen Vergleich
Authors: Rothgangel Martin , Schlag Thomas , Schweitzer Friedrich
Published: April 2018

Im Zentrum des hier präsentierten empirischen Forschungsvorhabens steht die Frage, wie LehrerInnen das Unterrichtsthema „Islam“ in der konkreten didaktischen Gestaltung des Religionsunterrichts behandeln und wie dies von Schülerinnen und Schülern des Faches wahrgenommen wird. Das dafür gewählte Untersuchungsdesign ist dabei in einer vergleichenden Perspektive auf die Modelle des konfessionellen und religionskundlichen Unterrichts sowie auf die entsprechenden bildungspolitischen Rahmenbedingungen in Österreich, Deutschland und der Schweiz ausgerichtet. Vor dem Hintergrund des gegenwärtigen Forschungsstandes zur Thematik erfolgen im Sinne einer ersten Konkretisierung Einblicke in erste Lehrerbefragungen in den drei genannten Ländern.
Elementarisierungsansatz und Geometric Didactic Analysis im Dialog: Neue Perspektiven für die Lehrplanforschung im Fach Religion
Authors: Stogiannidis Athanasios , Koutsoupias Nikolaos
Published: April 2018

Der vorliegende Beitrag fußt auf einem wissenschaftlichen Ansatz, der zwei unterschiedliche Forschungszweige aufeinander bezieht und auf das Gebiet der Religionsdidaktik anwendet. Der eine ist der auf den Kompetenz-Begriff fokussierte Elementarisierungsansatz von Friedrich Schweitzer (Tübingen). Dieser Ansatz, wie er den meisten Religionsdidaktikern schon seit Jahren bekannt ist, beschreibt ein Kompetenzmodell für den Religionsunterricht. Der zweite Ansatz heißt Geometric Didactic Analysis und wurde interdisziplinär von Athanasios Stogiannidis (Thessaloniki) und Nikolaos Koutsoupias (Thessaloniki) entwickelt. Der vorliegende Beitrag setzt sich das Ziel, die didaktischen Dimensionen von Lehrplänen mit Hilfe von Methoden der multivarianten Datenanalyse in der Art einer – metaphorisch gesprochen – „didaktischen Landkarte“ zu erschließen und zu bewerten.
La comunicación en las empresas de distribución alimentaria en España: un análisis de las herramientas online y offline / Communication in food distribution companies in Spain: an analysis of online and offline
Authors: Marín Dueñas Pedro Pablo , Mier-Terán Franco Juan José , Lozano Fernández Jesús
Published: April 2018

La investigación que se presenta analiza la comunicación que desarrollan las cuatro compañías de distribución alimentaria más importantes en España, en función de su cuota de mercado (Mercadona, Carrefour, DIA y Eroski) y, específicamente, se centra en el estudio de las principales herramientas que implementan en sus estrategias comunicativas, tanto a nivel offline como online, cuya interacción es un objeto de estudio de inherente interés en el campo tanto del marketing como de la comunicación. También resulta potencialmente llamativo para los responsables de crear nuevas herramientas online, a find e identificar nuevos procesos que puedan digitalizarse o mejorarse mediante las nuevas tecnologías; y para mejorar las herramientas existentes con productos destinados a este sector específico del mercado. Para el desarrollo de la misma se ha aplicado una metodología mixta, fundamentada en la técnica del análisis de contenido y de la observación. Se han elaborado una serie de fichas de análisis que han permitido estudiar en profundidad los distintos medios de comunicación que estas organizaciones emplean para ponerse en contacto con sus distintos públicos, haciendo especial hincapié en el estudio de las webs y las redes sociales con las que estas empresas cuentan. De los resultados se desprende que Carrefour, DIA y Eroski siguen estrategias comunicativas parecidas mientras que Mercadona se diferencia en el uso que hace de dichas herramientas.
Textural and Geometrical Features Based Approach for Identification of Individuals Using Palmprint and Hand Shape Images from Multiple Multimodal Datasets
Authors: Shaukat Anum , Farhan Saima , Fahiem Muhammad Abuzar , Tauseef Huma , Tahir Fahima , Usman Ghousia
Published: April 2018

Identification and classification of biometrics are important research areas in the field of image processing and pattern recognition. Biometrics are the measurement and statistical analysis of physiological and behavioral characteristics of humans. A wide variety of biometric modalities are available, with unimodal biometrics suffering from several factors. The proposed research is novel because it uses a single image of a hand in order to extract a variety of unique characteristics, like hand shape and the palmprint associated with individual hands. Moreover, it obtains higher accuracy with minimum effort. We have chosen the multimodal biometrics, i.e., palmprint and hand shape, from three datasets, i.e., PolyU Palmprint Database, GPDS Hand Database, and the Bosphorus Hand Database, for a total of 1,072 images. There are 302 textural features found in the palmprint images, and 12 geometrical features are extracted from the hand images. Classification models include Naïve Bayes, Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbor (IBk), Decision Tree, Random Tree, Random Forest, and Bagging. The train and test method is used to evaluate the performance of different classifiers. It is observed that Naïve Bayes, SVM, IBk, and Random Tree models result in classification accuracy of 99.44 % with palmprint images using the 302 textural features over the combined dataset. After feature reduction, similar accuracy is achieved with the top ten, and even with the top five, features. For geometrical features, an accuracy of 99.81 % is achieved with the hand images using Naïve Bayes, SVM, IBk, and Random Tree.
Growth cone distribution patterns in the optic nerve of fetal monkeys: implications for mechanisms of axon guidance
Authors: Williams RW , Borodkin M , Rakic P
Published: April 2018

The distribution of growth cones was studied in the optic nerve of monkeys during the first half of prenatal development using quantitative electron microscopic methods. Our aim was to test the hypothesis that ganglion cell growth cones extend predominantly along the surfaces of the nerve, just beneath the pia mater. A complete census of growth cones in cross sections of the nerve during the early phase of axon ingrowth, from embryonic day 39 (E39) to E41, demonstrates that growth cones are scattered within the majority of fascicles, even those located far from the surface of the nerve. By E45, growth cones are concentrated around the nasal, dorsal, and ventral edge of the optic nerve. They are less concentrated in the core and around the temporal edge. However, even as late as E49, virtually all fascicles in the nerve, whether deep or superficial, contain growth cones. Growth cones are dispersed within single fascicles and are often located far from glia. Thus, the newest fibers penetrate deep parts of the pathway and push through centers of densely packed bundles of older axons. This finding is consistent with the vagrant paths of growing axons reported in previous work on embryonic monkey optic nerve (Williams and Rakic, 1985). Our data challenge the hypotheses that growth cones extend selectively along the basal lamina, the pia mater, or glial end feet. Gradients found at later stages of development in the nerve are not due to a particular affinity of growth cones for non- neuronal substrata. The pattern we observed is much more likely to result from central-to-peripheral gradients in ganglion cell generation and possible associations between growth cones originating from the same regions of the retina.
Effects of sphingosine, staurosporine, and phorbol ester on neurites of rat sympathetic neurons growing in compartmented cultures
Authors: Campenot RB , Walji AH , Draker DD
Published: April 2018

Local application of sphingosine (1–10 microM), an inhibitor of protein kinase C, to NGF-supplied, distal neurites of rat sympathetic neurons in compartmented cultures caused their retraction and/or degeneration within 24 hr. This effect was specific for distal neurites because sphingosine (even at 100 microM) applied to cell bodies and/or proximal neurites did not destroy these regions of the cells, and their distal neurites continued to elongate. However, effects of other agents suggest that the retraction/degeneration observed in distal neurites directly exposed to sphingosine is not mediated by inhibition of protein kinase C: application of staurosporine, another inhibitor of protein kinase C, to distal neurites did not cause retraction or degeneration; treatment of neurons for 24 or more hours with 2 microM phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), used to downregulate protein kinase C activity, slowed neurite extension about 50%, but did not cause degeneration; and neurons pretreated with PMA still displayed retraction/degeneration of neurites when they were subsequently exposed to sphingosine. Also, replacement of NGF supplied to distal neurites with anti-NGF IgG did not cause retraction/degeneration of neurites within 1 d, suggesting that the effect of sphingosine did not arise by interference with the action of NGF. The specificity of the sphingosine- induced retraction/degeneration for distal neurites suggests that this effect operates via specific mechanisms in distal neurites that can trigger their retraction/degeneration. Such mechanisms could play important roles in nerve growth inhibition, nerve fiber retraction, and degeneration that occur normally in the nervous system and in response to injury and disease. Also, the ability of neurites to grow in the presence of PMA suggests that neurite growth is not dependent upon the activity of protein kinase C. However, the reduced rate of neurite extension in the presence of PMA suggests that chronic PMA treatment may affect mechanism(s) that can modulate neurite growth.
Action potential initiation site depends on neuronal excitation
Authors: Melinek R , Muller KJ
Published: April 2018

The initiation site in neurons is where the excitatory and inhibitory inputs sum to generate action potentials. It is generally considered to be at a fixed location, typically at the axon hillock or initial segment, although action potentials, or impulses, could in theory arise at a site that shifts dynamically. The data reported here show that the initiation site can shift in a graded manner, by as much as 175 microm, depending on the level of neuronal excitation. Laser axotomy reveals that the Anterior Pagoda (AP) neuron of the leech is excitable within the synaptic neuropil before its axon bifurcates. Using an electrophysiological technique to measure relative delays in impulses arriving at different sites, we have found that depolarization, either by applied current or by synaptic input, can shift the site of impulse initiation in the cell proximally toward the soma and neurites receiving synaptic input. Impulse initiation in this region should enhance the efficacy of inputs synapsing there. Conversely, hyperpolarization can shift the initiation site distally. A shifting initiation site, therefore, may be a mechanism by which synaptic inputs can rapidly enhance or suppress the active response of the AP neuron to other synaptic inputs.
Expanded CNS myelin sheaths formed in situ in the presence of an IgM antigalactocerebroside-producing hybridoma
Authors: Rosenbluth J , Liang WL , Liu Z , Guo D , Schiff R
Published: April 2018

When O1 hybridoma cells, which produce an IgM antigalacto-cerebroside, are implanted into the dorsal columns of 4–8 d rat spinal cord, some of the myelin that subsequently develops in the immediate vicinity displays an abnormal periodicity. The spacings that are seen cluster at approximately 19 nm and 31 nm, roughly two and three times the normal 11 nm spacing. In the expanded sheaths, major dense lines are separated by broad extracellular spaces containing a dense material in which single or double rows of approximately 10 nm circular profiles can be identified, consistent with the “central rings” of IgM molecules. Because IgM is multivalent, it may serve to link adjacent lamellae together in place of intrinsic myelin molecules that normally interact at close range. Extensive direct contact between myelin components of successive myelin lamellae is thus not essential to signal the growth of the oligodendrocyte membrane or the spiral wrapping of that membrane around axons during myelinogenesis, or to stabilize the myelin spiral that forms.
Spinal amino acid release and precipitated withdrawal in rats chronically infused with spinal morphine
Authors: Jhamandas KH , Marsala M , Ibuki T , Yaksh TL
Published: April 2018

Glutamate receptors are implicated in the genesis of opioid tolerance and dependence. Factors governing release of amino acids in systems chronically exposed to opiates, however, remain undefined. Using rats, each prepared with a spinal loop dialysis catheter and with a chronic lumbar intrathecal infusion catheter connected to a subcutaneous minipump, the release of amino acids before and during antagonist- precipitated withdrawal in unanesthetized rats was examined. Spinal infusion of morphine (20 nmol/micro l/hr) for 4 d had little effect on resting release of amino acids. In morphine-infused, but not saline- infused, rats naloxone (2 mg/kg, i.p.) evoked an immediate increase in the release of L-glutamate (299 +/- 143%) and taurine (306 +/- 113%) but not other amino acids. The magnitude and time course of the release of these amino acids significantly correlated with behavioral indices of withdrawal intensity. Acute intrathecal pretreatment immediately before naloxone with clonidine (20 microg; alpha2 agonist), MK-801 (3 microg; noncompetitive NMDA antagonist), or aminophosphonopentanoic acid (AP-5; 3 microg; competitive NMDA antagonist) suppressed naloxone- induced increases in spinal L-glutamate and taurine release and behavioral signs of withdrawal in spinal morphine-infused rats. Results point to a correlated increase in spinal L-glutamate release, which contributes to genesis of the opioid withdrawal syndrome. Agents such as clonidine that suppress opioid withdrawal may owe their action to an inhibition of excitatory amino acid release. The effects of MK-801 and AP-5 suggest a glutamate-evoked glutamate release.
Structure and Evolution of Neurexophilin
Authors: Petrenko Alexander G. , Ullrich Beate , Missler Markus , Krasnoperov Valery , Rosahl Thomas W. , Südhof Thomas C.
Published: April 2018

Using affinity chromatography on immobilized α-latrotoxin, we have purified a novel 29 kDa protein, neurexophilin, in a complex with neurexin Iα. Cloning revealed that rat and bovine neurexophilins are composed of N-terminal signal peptides, nonconserved N-terminal domains (20% identity over 80 residues), and highly homologous C-terminal sequences (85% identity over 169 residues). Analysis of genomic clones from mice identified two distinct neurexophilin genes, one of which is more homologous to rat neurexophilin and the other to bovine neurexophilin. The first neurexophilin gene is expressed abundantly in adult rat and mouse brain, whereas no mRNA corresponding to the second gene was detected in rodents despite its abundant expression in bovine brain, suggesting that rodents and cattle primarily express distinct neurexophilin genes. RNA blots andin situhybridizations revealed that neurexophilin is expressed in adult rat brain at high levels only in a scattered subpopulation of neurons that probably represent inhibitory interneurons; by contrast, neurexins are expressed in all neurons. Neurexophilin contains a signal sequence and is N-glycosylated at multiple sites, suggesting that it is secreted and binds to the extracellular domain of neurexin Iα. This hypothesis was confirmed by binding recombinant neurexophilin to the extracellular domains of neurexin Iα. Together our data suggest that neurexophilin constitutes a secreted glycoprotein that is synthesized in a subclass of neurons and may be a ligand for neurexins.
Expression of a Kinesin-Related Motor Protein Induces Sf9 Cells to Form Dendrite-Like Processes with Nonuniform Microtubule Polarity Orientation
Authors: Sharp David J. , Kuriyama Ryoko , Baas Peter W.
Published: April 2018

The microtubules (MTs) within neuronal processes are highly organized with regard to their polarity and yet are not attached to any detectable nucleating structure. Axonal MTs are uniformly oriented with their plus ends distal to the cell body, whereas dendritic MTs are of both orientations. Here, we sought to test the capacity of motor-driven MT transport to organize distinct MT patterns during process outgrowth. We focused on CHO1/MKLP1, a kinesin-related protein present in the midzonal region of the mitotic spindle where MTs of opposite orientation overlap. Insect ovarian Sf9 cells induced to express the N-terminal portion of the molecule form MT-rich processes with a morphology similar to that of neuronal dendrites (Kuriyama et al., 1994). Nascent processes contain uniformly plus-end-distal MTs, but these are joined by minus-end-distal MTs as the processes continue to develop. Thus, this CHO1/MKLP1 fragment establishes a nonuniform MT polarity pattern and does so by a similar sequence of events as occurs with the dendrite, the antecedent of which is a short process with a uniform MT polarity orientation. Two lines of evidence suggest that these results are elicited by motor-driven MT transport. First, there is a depletion of MTs from the cell body during process outgrowth. Second, the same polarity pattern is obtained when net MT assembly is suppressed pharmacologically during process formation. Collectively, these findings provide precedent for the idea that motor-driven transport can organize MTs into distinct patterns of polarity orientation during process outgrowth.
The Effects of Superior Temporal Cortex Lesions on the Processing and Retention of Auditory Information in Monkeys (Cebus apella)
Authors: Colombo Michael , Rodman Hillary R. , Gross Charles G.
Published: April 2018

Three monkeys with extensive preoperative training on visual and auditory memory tasks (delayed matching-to-sample), an auditory pattern-discrimination task, and a visual serial-order task, received bilateral lesions of the superior temporal (ST) cortex in two stages, with testing after each lesion. Unilateral ST cortex lesions resulted in only moderate auditory memory impairments, whereas bilateral ST cortex lesions resulted in severe auditory memory impairments. The bilateral ST cortex lesions also resulted in severe impairments in the ability to relearn the auditory pattern-discrimination task. In contrast to the auditory impairments, neither unilateral nor bilateral ST cortex lesions had any effect whatsoever on either visual memory or visual serial-order behavior. These findings indicate that the ST cortex plays a role in auditory processing and retention similar to that played by the inferior temporal cortex for visual processing and retention.
A Pair of Identified Interneurons inAplysiathat Are Involved in Multiple Behaviors Are Necessary and Sufficient for the Arterial-Shortening Component of a Local Withdrawal Reflex
Authors: Xin Yuanpei , Weiss Klaudiusz R. , Kupfermann Irving
Published: April 2018

A bilateral pair of cerebral interneurons, called CC5, contribute to the generation of a number of different behaviors involving head movements. Each cell sends its axon to the ipsilateral and contralateral pedal and pleural ganglia. A weak tactile stimulus to the head excites the ipsilateral CC5; a strong stimulus excites both the ipsilateral and contralateral cells. Firing of CC5 produces powerful shortening of the ipsilateral pedal artery (PA) by means of monosynaptic excitation of the pedal artery shortener (PAS) neuron, the single motor neuron for the artery. A weak touch to a tentacle excites the ipsilateral PAS and evokes a local withdrawal response accompanied by shortening of the ipsilateral PA.In vivorecording of the pedal artery nerve (PAn) showed that PAS was activated bilaterally during defensive head withdrawal elicited by a strong stimulus and was activated unilaterally by a weak stimulus. The responses were eliminated by cutting the ipsilateral cerebral–pleural connective (C-PLC). Electrical stimulation of the cerebral–pleural connective provided evidence that all of the excitatory input to PAS via this connective is provided by CC5. A variety of experimental results indicates that during a local withdrawal reflex of the tentacle, CC5 is necessary and sufficient for the unilateral PA-shortening component of the response and therefore functions as a command neuron for a component of the behavior. The data suggest that during defensive head withdrawal, the two CC5 neurons may act conjointly as a two-neuron command system that is necessary and sufficient for the bilateral arterial-shortening component of the behavior.
The Characterization of the Olf-1/EBF-Like HLH Transcription Factor Family: Implications in Olfactory Gene Regulation and Neuronal Development
Authors: Wang Song S. , Tsai Robert Y. L. , Reed Randall R.
Published: April 2018

The Olf-1/EBF helix-loop-helix (HLH) transcription factor has been implicated in olfactory gene regulation and in B-cell development. Using homology screening methods, we identified two additional Olf-1/EBF-like cDNAs from a mouse embryonic cDNA library. The Olf-1/EBF-like (O/E) proteins O/E-1, O/E-2, and O/E-3 define a family of transcription factors that share structural similarities and biochemical activities. Although these O/E genes are expressed within olfactory epithelium in an identical pattern, they exhibit different patterns of expression in the developing nervous system. Although O/E-1 mRNA is present in several tissues in addition to olfactory neurons and developing B-cells, O/E-2 and O/E-3 are expressed at high levels only in olfactory tissue. In O/E-1 knock-out animals, the presence of two additional O/E family members in olfactory neurons may provide redundancy and allow normal olfactory neurodevelopment. Further, the identification of the O/E family of HLH transcription factors and their embryonic expression patterns suggest that the O/E proteins may have a more general function in neuronal development.