bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chemical and physical analysis of natural gas hydrate from the JAPEX/JNOC/GSC Mallik 2L-38 gas hydrate research well
Authors: Tulk C A , Ratcliffe C I , Ripmeester J A
Published: March 2017

Gas hydrate samples from the JAPEX/JNOC/GSC Mallik 2L-38 gas hydrate research well were analyzed on both macroscopic and molecular scales using several complementary experimental techniques. These included gas volume analysis, thermogravimetric analysis,
precision gas analysis, powder X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Raman Spectroscopy. Powder X-ray diffraction indicated that the samples were Structure I gas hydrate. Enclathrated gas species were identified to be mostly methane
(98-100%); however, some samples contained significant amounts of heterogeneously dispersed propane and carbon dioxide (at least 1.5-2.0%). These samples were found to be significantly more stable than samples containing methane only. In addition, Raman spectra indicate subtle variations in
the cage occupancies of the mixed gas hydrate as compared to those in pure methane hydrate.
Tourmaline occurrences in the northern Taltson magmatic zone
Authors: Bostock H H
Published: March 2017

Tourmaline occurrences within exposed northern Taltson magmatic zone (TMZ) are described in table and map form giving the UTM coordinates of 213 sites. Two settings, granitoid and partly remobilized syngenetic metasedimentary, are involved. The latter outlines a
tourmaline trajectory that crosses exposed TMZ from southeast to northwest between the 60th parallel in the south and the Great Slave Lake shear zone in the north.
Surficial geology, subsurface materials, and thaw sensitivity of sediments
Authors: Aylsworth J M , Burgess M M , Desrochers D T , Duk-Rodkin A , Robertson T , Traynor J A
Published: March 2017

The surficial geology of the Mackenzie valley and adjacent areas is presented in 1:1 000 000 scale compilation maps and is accompanied by geotechnical data from 56 boreholes chosen to represent typical stratigraphy of each major geological unit at several
locations along the valley. For each of the representative boreholes, the potential for settlement of the ground surface as frozen ground thaws is determined, based on the thaw strain calculated for each soil layer of the borehole. Those geological materials most sensitive to thaw settlement are
lacustrine and morainal, ice-rich, fine-grained sediments, and also the ice-rich and potentially highly compressible peat bogs. Much of the Mackenzie region is underlain by these materials; thus extensive terrain is susceptible to the impact of warming climatic conditions.
Distribution of peatlands
Authors: Aylsworth J M , Kettles I M
Published: March 2017

The Mackenzie valley is characterized by vast peatlands dominated by two classes, bog and fen; the former is generally frozen and ground ice is common, the latter is unfrozen. Large peatlands are associated with broad featureless glaciolacustrine or till plains
while smaller ones occur in low-lying areas between till or eolian ridges. Based on the compilation map, approximately 27 600 km2 of bog and 10 000 km2 of fen are estimated to occur in the Mackenzie valley. Although fens comprise only about 27% of the peatlands of the region as a whole, the
proportion of fen to bog increases greatly in some areas. For example, close to Fort Simpson the ratio of fen to bog is 63:37. Peat thickness, based on information from the Mackenzie Geotechnical Borehole Database', increases towards the south.
Thaw-depth monitoring
Authors: Nixon F M
Published: March 2017

Fifty-eight sites have been established along a 1200 km transect in the Mackenzie valley to monitor processes linking climate, climate change, permafrost, and the active layer. Annual maximum thaw penetration and surface movement are measured relative to thaw
tubes anchored in permafrost. Active layer thickness, calculated from thaw penetration and surface movement, varies as a result of local soil properties, vegetation, and microclimate as well as regional atmospheric climate. Whereas thaw penetration has increased at most sites over the last 6 8
years, this increase is not always reflected by an equivalent increase in active layer thickness because of thaw settlement. Frequent air and shallow ground temperatures provide a complementary record at many sites. Active layer thickness influences biotic soil conditions, foundation performance,
slope stability, and hydrology. Monitoring the active layer can contribute to modelling near surface permafrost and the impact of environmental change and can assist adaptation.
Landslides of the Mackenzie valley and adjacent mountainous and coastal regions
Authors: Aylsworth J M , Duk-Rodkin A , Robertson T , Traynor J A
Published: March 2017

Approximately 3400 landslides, distinguished by failure class (flow, slide, complex, unclassified) and parent material (bedrock or unconsolidated Quaternary sediment) have been mapped in the Mackenzie valley. Many landslides are related to the degradation of
permafrost and ground ice; others are influenced by the control permafrost maintains on ground water movement. Given the prevalence of permafrost and icy sediments in this region, any climate change leading to a rise in ground temperatures and degradation of permafrost will increase the frequency of
landslides. The most vulnerable sites include ice-rich, fine-grained sediments on slopes near water bodies or in fire scars, and frozen, coarse-grained sediments overlying clay or clayey till in steep riverbanks where permafrost does not extend to the base of the section.
Glacial-geological record on southern Bafin Island reflecting late glacial ice-sheet dynamics in the eastern Hudson Strait region
Authors: Manley W F , Miller G H
Published: March 2017

Field observations, sediment analyses, and radiocarbon dating completed over the last decade have led to new ice-sheet reconstructions for southern Baffin Island and eastern Hudson Strait. Past ice-flow patterns are apparent from sediment provenance indicators
and striated bedrock surfaces. The timing of events is constrained by over 150 14C determinations on molluscs from ice-contact, deglacial, and postglacial deposits. Together, the data indicate that glacier ice from the Labrador Dome of the Laurentide Ice Sheet pulsed northward across Hudson Strait
at least twice during the waning stages of the late Wisconsin glaciation. Evidence and reconstructed ice dynamics are summarized here for the Gold Cove advance (ca. 9900-9600 14C years BP) and the Noble Inlet advance (ca. 8900-8400 14C years BP). Two stratigraphic sections - from the York delta and
Noble Inlet - best constrain the origin, extent, and timing of the Noble Inlet advance, and are described in detail. The evidence for northward to northeastward flow on eastern Meta Incognita Peninsula contrasts with the glacial-terrestrial record farther west (near Lake Harbour), where striations
and provenance indicators document southward flow into Hudson Strait prior to coastal deglaciation at about 8200 14C years BP. In sum, the available data attest to spatially complex, abrupt ice-sheet dynamics.
Geophysical properties of sediment core samples obtained from the JAPEX/JNOC/GSC et al. Mallik 5L-38 gas hydrate production research well
Authors: Riedel M , Kulenkampff J , Spangenberg E , Dallimore S R
Published: March 2017

Geophysical properties (acoustic compressional- and shear-wave velocities, density, and electrical resistivity) of sediment samples without significant gas hydrate content from various lithologies in the JAPEX/JNOC/GSC et al. Mallik 5L-38 well were investigated
in the laboratory. The measurements were conducted under simulated in situ conditions. They were complemented by grain-size analyses,
pore-water salinity measurements, and in some cases, gas permeability measurements.

The laboratory-derived geophysical data can be grouped by sediment type into two classes: silt-shaleand sand-dominated lithologies. The silt-shale samples exhibited bulk densities around 2000 kg/m3 with compressional-wave (P-wave) velocities between 2000 m/s and 2600 m/s and shear-wave (S-wave)
velocities around 1200 m/s. The sand-dominated lithologies exhibited bulk densities around 1700 kg/m3, P-wave velocities around 1600 m/s, and S-wave velocities around 800 m/s. The electrical resistivities of the silt-shale samples (about 10 O·m) are lower than resistivities of the sand samples
(20 - 60 O·m).
Molecular indicators for the occurrence of deep microbial communities at the JAPEX/JNOC/GSC et al.
Mallik 5L-38 gas hydrate production research well
Authors: Mangelsdorf K , Haberer R M , Zink K -G , Dieckmann V , Wilkes H , Horsfield B
Published: March 2017

Molecular organic-geochemical methods were applied in order to investigate whether deep microbial ecosystems are present in deep terrestrial sediments of the JAPEX/JNOC/GSC et al. Mallik 5L-38 gas hydrate production research well. The Mallik well includes an
extended permafrost zone in the upper about 600m and a gas hydrate zone from about 896m to 1100 m. Sediment samples investigated were taken from depths greater than 890 m. Molecular microbial indicators such as hopanoids were observed in almost all sediment samples examined. In spite of some
distinct differences in compound quantities, their occurrence was independent from the lithology and organic carbon richness indicating a widely disseminated microbial biomass in the Mallik sediments. Furthermore intact phospholipids, indicators for viable microbial communities, so-called 'molecular
life markers', were detected in significant amounts pointing to the existence of microbial communities in the deep subsurface sediments of the Mallik site.
Modelling the response of the Cased Hole Formation Resistivity tool in order to determine the depth of gas hydrate dissociation during the thermal test in the JAPEX/JNOC/GSC et al. Mallik 5L-38 gas hydrate production research well
Authors: Anderson B , Dubourg I , Collett T S , Lewis R E
Published: March 2017

The JAPEX/JNOC/GSC et al. Mallik 5L-38 gas hydrate research well was an integral part of a field experiment to test the physical response of a gas hydrate deposit to various advanced production methods. Iterative forward modelling of Cased Hole Formation
Resistivity tool (CHFRTM) logs was used to determine the annular radius of gas hydrate dissociation that occurred around the wellbore during the thermal test in the Mallik 5L-38 well. Modelled results demonstrated that the radius of gas hydrate dissociation exhibited large local variations and was
far from uniform. The comparison of the CHFR modelled results with the gas volumes measured at the surface indicate that most of the gas produced during the thermal test in the Mallik 5L-38 well was accurately measured at the surface. The CHFR modelling procedure shows promise for use in future
single-well evaluation of gas hydrate dissociation.
Geographic location conversion tool
Authors: Lepard D W
Published: March 2017

This Windows application converts geographic coordinates between any pair of ten systems; latitude and longitude as well as different grid and map projection systems. The grid systems supported are Township and Range, British Columbia's NTS-based grid system,
the Canada Lands system, the UTM system, and the UTM-based Military system. The projections supported are Mercator, Lambert, Polyconic, and Albers. Transformations can be done in either the NAD27 or NAD83 datums. Note that the Twp Rge grids are assumed to be the same in each datum with the
NAD83 coordinates being obtained by application of NTV2 on the NAD27 coordinates. To use the tool the user (1)enters a location and defines its coordinates system on the input source screen, (2)defines the desired output system on the output destination screen, and (3)selects the find button. The
application then calculates the location in the destination system. For File I/O the user is first given a screen with a choice of Long or Short Record format, then a screen to select the comma delimited input File. Records are of form: {source},identifier,{destination} and required quantities
not specified default to the screen value. The output file has the same name as the input file except the extension is changed to '.new'. The application is a Delphi (Trade Mark) run-time module for Windows XP and 95/98/00.
Unravelling the structural control of Mississippi Valley-type deposits and prospects in carbonate sequences of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin
Authors: Pana D
Published: March 2017

Re-examination of selected MVT outcrops and cores in the Interior Plains and Rocky Mountains of Alberta, corroborated with previous paragenetic, isotopic and structural data, suggests Laramide structural channelling of dolomitizing and mineralizing fluids into
strained carbonate rocks. At Pine Point, extensional faults underlying the trends of MVT ore bodies and brittle faults overprinting the Great Slave
Lake Shear Zone define a pinnate fault geometry and appear to be kinematically linked. Chemical and isotopic characteristics of MVT parental fluids are consistent with seawater and brine convection within fault-confined vertical aquifers, strong water-basement rock interaction, metal leaching from
the basement, and focused release of hydrothermal fluids within linear zones of strained carbonate caprocks. Zones of recurrent strain in the basement and a cap of carbonate strata constitute the critical criteria forMVTexploration target selection in the WCSB.
Indices et gites de minéraux
Authors: Lamothe D
Published: March 2017

Les gisements métalliques donnent de l'information sur des masses minéralisées dont au moins une des substances métalliques a une teneur au-dessus des seuils prescrits.
3-D model
Authors: de Kemp E , Sanborn-Barrie M , St-Onge M
R
Published: March 2017

This 3-D gocad model represents a collection of surface interpretations for late normal faults, major thrust faults and regionally significant stratigraphic horizon tops for the Paleoproterozoic rocks underlying three regional map sheets.
The model extends across 1:50,000 map sheets (GSC Maps 1724A, 1725A, 1726A) covering approximately 80 km x 30 km (Figure 1), and is dominantly underlain by the 2.04-1.96 Ga Povungnituk Group; polydeformed mafic to ultramafic metavolcanic rocks, with a spectrum of semi-pelitic to arkosic
metasedimentary rocks and and the primarily igneous 1.89 Ga Chukotat Group and associated peridotitic and gabbroic intrusive suite.
Regional seismic signature of the basement and crust beneath the McArthur River mine district, Athabasca Basin, Saskatchewan
Authors: Hajnal Z , Takács E , White D J , Györfi I , Powell B , Koch R
Published: March 2017

Seismic-reflection profile results of the EXTECH IV project reveal exceptionally high-quality images from surface to Moho depth. First-break analysis defined the spatial velocity field, outlined geochemical alteration in the Athabasca Group, delineated much of
the basal unconformity, and indicated the location of fault zones postdating the Athabasca Group. Variations in depth and changes in structural setting of the Athabasca Basin - basement unconformity are imaged seismically. Seismic-reflection images reveal structural configurations and stratigraphic
properties of the P2 fault zone and the associated basement rocks to a depth of about 7000 m and along a lateral profile of 10 km. A bright band of reflectivity at about 8000 m depth, is attributed to 1270 Ma Mackenzie sills. Seismic-reflection signatures outline remnants of a major crustal
reactivated shear zone with associated retrogrademetamorphism in themiddle to lower crustal depths. A relatively shallow (~35 km) Moho appears to be young, tectonically generated, and with well defined structural disturbances.
Magnetic insights into basement geology in the area of McArthur River uranium deposit, Athabasca Basin, Saskatchewan
Authors: Thomas M D , McHardy S
Published: March 2017

Calibration of magnetic features with gneissic basement units northeast of the Athabasca Basin, combined with extrapolation of geological-magnetic trends and drillhole information, is used to predict basement composition and structure beneath the basin in the
McArthur River area, principally for a related gravity study. Magnetic lows are associated with pelitic-psammopelitic gneiss and lesser quartzite, intermediate levels with psammitic gneiss, and highs with granitoid units. Northeast-trending faults and contacts are interpreted mainly along steep
magnetic gradients. Northwest-trending faults are inferred from narrow magnetic lows, and offsets or terminations of northeast-trending features. McArthur River uranium deposits lack characteristic magnetic signatures, although the P2 Main deposit lies along the southern margin of a moderate
magnetic high. Uranium potential north to northeast of McArthur River is inferred to be greatest within magnetic lows of the Mudjatik Domain. These lows probably outline pelitic-psammopelitic paragneiss that locally contains graphitic conductors, which are prospective for unconformity-related
uranium deposits.
Analysis of data from the Calgary Frost Heave Test Facility
Authors:   L.E.C. Engineering Limited
Published: March 2017

The report presents a detailed review and analysis of the operational history of the Calgary Frost Heave Test Facility. Included is information on the physical characteristics of the site, the construction and operation of the facility, and data presentation on
the temperature and frost heave and frost bulb growth records.
La maison verte
Authors:   Department of Energy, Mines and Resources Canada
Published: March 2017

This video demonstrates to Canadians what they can do in their home to become more energy efficient while maintaining the same level of comfort and help our environment as well.
The lake that fell to Earth
Authors:   Department of Energy, Mines and Resources Canada
Published: March 2017

This video looks at a lake, which was created following the impact of a meteorite in the tundra region. It is a documentary on the expedition of scientists in 1988 to this lake, where a treasure chest of clues to the earth's history of the cosmos are
uncovered.
Proterozoic and Cambrian sedimentary units of Bache and Knud peninsulas, Ellesmere Island
Authors: Mayr U , de Freitas T
Published: March 2017

The sedimentary succession on Bache and Knud peninsulas consists of upper Neohelikian and lower Neoproterozoic sandstone, about 65 m thick, and assigned to the Smith Sound Group. Although the overlying mid-Cambrian succession has been mapped as single unit, it
can be subdivided into six, thin formations in areas of good exposure. The single map unit comprises about 300 m of massive carbonate above a thin, basal sandstone.
Sedimentology, stratigraphy, and clast biostratigraphy of Cretaceous and Tertiary strata, northeastern Ellesmere Island, Nunavut
Authors: Lee C C , Lehnert O , Nowlan G S
Published: March 2017

The Eureka Sound Group clastic deposits on northeastern Ellesmere Island make up over 3 km of strata of Late Paleocene-Early Eocene age and were deposited in braidplain to alluvial fan and alluvial plain environments. The new Pavy Formation is the oldest unit,
and consists of coarse-grained, volcanic-rich, channel-deposit sandstone displaying abundant, decimetre-scale trough-crossbedding. Boulder polymictic orthoconglomerate typifi es the alluvial fan deposits of the Cape Lawrence Formation and grades into the fi ne-grained calcarenite of the Cape Back
Formation, deposited in a fl oodplain environment. The mineralogy refl ects the changing nature of the tectonic regime resulting from the movements between Canada and Greenland during the Late Paleocene. Clasts in the conglomerate yield faunas rang- ing in age from latest Cambrian to Early Devonian.
Identifi ed faunas and conodont colour alteration indices are highly variable and do not indicate a simple unroofi ng history.
Carbon isotope record of Middle Cambrian to Upper Silurian carbonate and shale, northeast Ellesmere Island
Authors: Buggisch W
Published: March 2017

More than 500 samples were taken from carbonate, shale, and siltstone on Judge Daly Promontory, and (delta)13C of total organic carbon (TOC) was analyzed. The aim of the study was to compare the isotope curve of Ellesmere Island with global (delta)13C values and
global transgressive and regressive events. Excursions in the oolitic beds of the lower Cass Fjord Formation potentially correlate with late Middle Cambrian excursions. The Late Cambrian "SPICE" excursion is perfectly developed in the middle Cass Fjord Formation. The sharp negative excursion at the
Cass Fjord-Cape Clay Formation boundary can be correlated with the fi rst excursion described in the Lawson Cove (Utah) section within the uppermost metres of the Red Tops Member and with the large negative excursion at the base of the H. appressus zone of the Black Mountains (Australia). The
positive excursion at the base of the Eleanor River Formation possibly refl ects the global O. evae transgression (Blackhillsian). The excursion in the lower Cape Phillips Formation corresponds to the Hirnantian glaciation.
Economic potential of northeast Ellesmere Island, Nunavut
Authors: Dewing K , Harrison J C , Mayr U
Published: March 2017

The economic potential of northeast Ellesmere Island has been assessed at a reconnaissance level. Three types of Zn-Pb showings are present. From basin to platform these are carbonate-hosted Pb-Zn-Ag-Au-Cu (Sb-As) quartz veins of the Hazen Formation in the
northwestern part of Judge Daly Promontory; Zn-Pb-Fe showings in the Hazen Formation close to the shelf margin and Daly River Fault
Zone; and carbonate-hosted Zn-Pb showings in platformal strata of the Scoresby Bay and Cape Clay formations. Three hydrocarbon play types can be visualized for the northeast Ellesmere Island area: structural traps in lower Paleozoic carbonate in the footwall of the thrusts, the Silurian reef tract
in undeformed area, and offshore areas (grabens?) with thick Cretaceous - Tertiary sediment.
Signifi cant coal occurs in the Bache Peninsula graben in 21 seams, each more than 1 m thick. About 100 million tons of coal could be present if an 8 km2 area is underlain by 3.2 m to 19.9 m of coal seams.
Introduction
Authors: Mayr U , Tessensohn F
Published: March 2017

This bulletin reports the results of a joint research project by the Geological Survey of Canada and the German Federal Institute for Geoscience and Natural Resources (Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe - BGR). Fieldwork was conducted on
northeastern Ellesmere Island during the summers of 1998, 1999, and 2000. The objectives for the GSC were a systematic survey of the area and evaluation of mineral resources; the objectives for BGR were detailed structural and accom- panying stratigraphic investigations related to
Cretaceous-Tertiary circum-Arctic events. The area is of commercial interest because of known mineral occurrences and because of the offshore hydrocarbon potential of Kane Basin and northern Baffin Bay.
Regional geology, northeast Ellesmere Island
Authors: Mayr U , Dewing K , Harrison C , Piepjohn K , Tessensohn F
Published: March 2017

The report area is situated in the northeastern part of the Arctic Archipelago and contains parts of several stratigraphic and tectonic provinces and structural belts. These terranes are the Canadian Shield, the Arctic Platform, and the Franklinian Mobile
Belt-the latter consisting of the northernmost part of the Central Ellesmere Fold Belt, and the southeastern portion of the Hazen Fold Belt. The Canadian Shield comprises Paleoproterozoic basement gneisses and a thin, unconformably overlying Mesoproterozoic sedimentary succession intruded by diabase
dykes and sills. The Arctic Platform is characterized by a thin, fl at-lying, lower Paleozoic, shallow-water carbonate succession. Neoproterozoic and lower Paleozoic rocks form the Central Ellesmere and Hazen fold belts. The Proterozoic and lower Paleozoic succession was folded during the
Ellesmerian Orogeny. The Ellesmerian structures are represented by a classic fold-and-thrust belt. The Eurekan Orogeny resulted in spectacular thrust sheets associated with thick, syntectonic conglomerate, and in sinistral strike-slip faulting and parallel refolding of Ellesmerian
structures.
The kinetics of formation and decomposition of hydrates from mixtures of natural gas components
Authors: Bishnoi P R , Saeger R B , Kalogerakis N E , Jeje J
Published: March 2017

Experimental results are presented on the kinetics of hydrates for methane and four methane-ethane mixtures. Two models of reaction are proposed and analysed. In the first, gas diffusion into the liquid is followed by conversion into hydrate within a liquid film,
whereas in the second, gas diffusion was assumed ta occur in parallel with reactions at the gas -liquid interface . The second model yielded better fits to the data but still showed scatter at high pressures.
Subsurface modelling for geothermal production and energy storage
Authors: Hutchence K , Vigrass L W
Published: March 2017

The general concept of heat storage by pumping fluid at an elevated temperature into a deep aquifer and then later withdrawing the hot fluid has been examined by means of mathematical models.
The major findings are the following:
1. Thermal energy can be stored in suitable aquifers with efficiencies of 80 to 90 percent.
2. The best aquifer-aquitard systems for storage purposes are those which lead to most spherical temperature disturbances. Thus thick aquifers with high porosity and leaky aquitards are preferable.
3. Problems with the produced fluid temperature are encountered if a simple in-out system is used. The fluid temperature history can be usefully improved by conditioning achieved by added input for the initial input phase.
4. Conditioning does not have deleterious effects on storage efficiency in t.he long run.
The findings are interpreted as indicating that such storage is quite feasible provided thermal energy storage is deemed desirable within the current energy economic milieu.
Frost heave model calculations for the Calgary frost heave test facility
Authors:   L.E.C. Engineering Limited
Published: March 2017

Frost heave calculations using the Segregation Potential (SP) model and the Incremental Ice Segregation (DISR) model are compared ta the observed frost heave data from chilled pipeline sections at the Calgary Frost Heave Test Facility. Madel calculations are
performed with the measured temperature gradients and measured frost depths for a range of SP values (detennined by laboratory tests) and a range of DISR parameters. Frost heave calculations combining the SP model with thermal gradients and frost bulb depths detennined by thermal simulation models
are also presented.
Ground ice investigations, Klondike District, Yukon Territory
Authors: French H M , Pollard W H
Published: March 2017

The origin of massive ground ice in the Klondike District, Yukon Territory is examined in an exposure in the Hunker Creek area. Stratigraphic and ice cryotexture data and ice petrofabric analyses suggest that a segregation origin is not appropriate for the
massive clear ice body (1-3 m in thickness). A residual snowbank origin is considered and found to be the most consistent with the nature of the body.
Study of groundwater flow patterns in Carboniferous sediments of Atlantic Canada, 021G/1
Authors:   Water Management Services Limited,   3-D Geoconsultants Limited,   John A. Leslie and
Associates Limited
Published: March 2017

The Fredericton sedimentary sub-basin forms the westernmost section of the St. Lawrence Plains. The sediments of the sub-basin range in age from Pennsylvanian to Kississippian. The principal structural feature is the Fredericton Graben, a down-faulted black that
occupies the northwest quadrant of the basin. The sub-basin displays no large identifiable aquifers. On a large scale, however, the series of sediments that are of limited areal extent display hydraulic continuity. Within the sub-basin groundwater flow occurs in two major directions, northeastwards
and eastwards. Known water yields in the upper 200 m vary from 0.076 L/s to 38.0 L/s. Potential aquifers lie at depth, likely in Lower Pennsylvanian and Upper Kississippian sediments. Flows are expected to be in the range 38 to 76 L/s.
Alternating field treatment of paleomagnetic samples: some results on the effectiveness of 'tumbling' over 'non-tumbling'
Authors: Park J K
Published: March 2017

It is well known that the alternating field (AF) treatment of paleomagnetic samples cancels magnetizations more effectively while samples are in motion rather than motionless . To my knowledce this fact has never been documented with natural samples . In
consecutive experiments, the same four samples were Given an anhysteretic remanent magnetization (AEM) and then treated by AFs, either using the tumbling (T) or non- turabling (N) rnethods. During the N experiment they were treated by AFs along three orthogonal axes in succession, each oriented at
about 54.7° to the ARM . The effectiveness of T over N under these conditions , describeà by the ratio of those fields required to reduce the magnetizations to the same intensity, is 1.21 ± 0.05 (4 samples) . The results imply that the ratio does not àepend on rock type or
coercivity range. The results are net appreciably affected by the presence of rotational remanent magnetization, but may be affected by IRN coraponents acquireà during AF treatment and by anisotropy in the rocks.
The Boreal Forest
Authors:   Natural Resources Canada
Published: March 2017

Contained within the Atlas of Canada Poster Map Series, is a poster which shows the location of boreal forest in Canada. The two sided poster graphically depicts the importance of the boreal forest as a dynamic system of shrubs, trees, herbs, mosses,
micro-organisms, insects and animals interacting among themselves and with rock, soil, water and air. The history and economy of the forest is overviewed from 8,000 years ago to today. The boreal forest is a huge, resilient and constantly changing ecosystem, driven by the long term succession of
tree species and the animals which inhabit them. The poster map graphically depicts the challenges of sustainable forest management of this beautiful and expansive resource. The Boreal Forest Poster Map is jointly published by the Canadian Forest Service and Geomatics Canada of the Department of
Natural Resources Canada and Canadian Geographic Enterprises, publisher of Canadian Geographic magazine.
Yukon Territory, Northwest Territories and Nunavut (2000)
Authors:   Natural Resources Canada
Published: March 2017

Contained within the Atlas of Canada's Reference Map Series, 1961 to 2010, is a map that shows a brand new set of drainage (being that compiled from the Digital Chart of the World 1: 1 000 000 data); it has detailed digital shaded relief; and it is fully
bilingual. The map shows populated places for the three territories and adjacent areas of Canada, Alaska and Greenland, classifying them into one of four size classes. There is a variety of transportation data shown (including rarely-shown features such as ice roads and shipping lanes). The physical
geography data shown includes national parks and the location of the tree line. There are two insets on the map: (1) the northern circumpolar region, at scale 1: 51 400 000; and (2) all of Canada, showing standard time zones. The orientation of the map is designed so that all of Hudson Bay and James
Bay are shown on the map. Data are as of the late 1990s (with the official Nunavut boundaries of 1999 being shown).
The 36th Parliament
Authors:   Natural Resources Canada
Published: March 2017

Contained within the Federal Elections, 1968 to 2001, Atlas of Canada series, is a map that was produced once the official detailed voting results were available for the June 1997 federal election. The main part of the map sheet consists of a main map at 1: 7 500
000 and 28 urban-area insets which are all at much larger scales. All maps show the boundaries of the Federal Electoral Districts and (in the insets) the boundaries of important cities and towns. The Districts are coloured by the party that won the district. A large table lists the Districts, gives
the name of the elected candidate, and also has detailed voting data. The municipal data shown is as of 1996. Charts summarize the 1997 and 1993 election results by province and territory. A separate table lists Senate membership as of mid-1998. There is also a panel referring to the monarch, and to
her representative in Canada, the governor general.
The 37th Parliament
Authors:   Natural Resources Canada
Published: March 2017

Contained within the Federal Elections, 1968 to 2001, Atlas of Canada series, is a map that was produced once the official detailed voting results were available for the November 2000 federal election. The main part of the map sheet consists of a main map at 1: 7
500 000 and 28 urban-area insets which are all at much larger scales. All maps show the boundaries of the Federal Electoral Districts and (in the insets) the boundaries of important cities and towns. The Districts are coloured by the party that won the district. A large table lists the Districts,
gives the name of the elected candidate, and also has detailed voting data. The municipal data shown is as of 2001. Charts summarize the 2000 and 1997 election results by province and territory. A separate table lists Senate membership as of March 2001. There is also a panel referring to the
monarch, and to her representative in Canada, the governor general.
North circumpolar region
Authors:   Natural Resources Canada
Published: March 2017

Contained within the Atlas of Canada's Reference Map Series, 1961 to 2010, is a map which has detailed coverage of all parts of the world north of approximately 55 degrees North (and south of this latitude for the Bering Sea and Sea of Okhotsk areas). The map
uses the Azimuthal equidistant projection. The map shows national and provincial-level boundaries for Canada, Greenland and Russia, and gives names for the province-level units. Included with the boundaries is Canada's 200 mile limit. The set of places denotes national and province-level capitals.
Other places are not differentiated in any way (such as by size). Road and rail lines are shown for all thematic areas. No relief shading is used, nor is there any bathymetric information. An interesting feature is showing three levels of ice extent: the minimum, median and maximum ice-edges.
Coverage data is as of 1996 but accurate provisional boundaries of Nunavut are also shown. This map should not be used as it has some erroneous colouring in the
Appendix I: Geothermics of the Williston Basin in Canada in relation to hydrodynamics and hydrocarbon occurrences
Authors: Majorowicz J A , Jones F W , Jessop A M
Published: March 2017

Over 8400 bottom-hole temperature (BHT) values from the Canadian part of the Williston Basin have been analysed and a temperature anomaly has been discovered in the Weyburn area of southeastern Saskatchewan. Geothermal gradients, thermal conductivities and heat
flow have been investigated for most of the Mesozoic + Cenozoic elastic unit as well as the Upper Paleozoic carbonate-evaporite unit. Regional heat flow variations with depth occur, and these are closely related to the hydrodynamics which is governed by the topography and geology. The blanketing
effect of low conductivity shaly formations may cause a temperature anomaly in the south where the thickest Phanerozoic cover exists. However, the Weyburn anomaly can be only partly explained in this way. Hydrodynamics has also contributed to the formation of the temperature anomaly there. The
process of formation of the anomaly by the blanketing effect and hydrodynamics has also contributed to the process of oil deposition. A correlation exists between Mississippian oil occurrences in the southeastern part of the basin and the location of the Weyburn temperature
anomaly.
Tuning properties of mid-infrared Fabry-Pérot quantum cascade lasers for multiheterodyne spectroscopy
Authors: Sterczewski Lukasz Antoni , Westberg Jonas , Wysocki Gerard
Published: March 2017

Injection current tuning properties of an 8.5 um Fabry-Pérot mid-infrared quantum cascade laser are evaluated by analyzing the mode-by-mode frequency tuning behavior with an identification of high-noise regimes in a delayed self-heterodyne experiment. We find that modes on the edges of the spectral envelope exhibit anomalous tuning coefficients compared to those in the center. Furthermore, the frequencies of individual modes are susceptible to parasitic etalons, likely causing laser frequency pulling. Despite the complicated tuning behavior, low phase-noise operating regimes exist, and are compatible with high resolution multiheterodyne spectroscopy of gases. Full Text: PDF ReferencesJ. Faist, F. Capasso, D.L. Sivco, C. Sirtori, A.L. Hutchinson, A.Y. Cho, "Quantum Cascade Laser", Science 264 (1994) 553?556. CrossRef A. Hugi, G. Villares, S. Blaser, H.C. Liu, J. Faist, "Mid-infrared frequency comb based on a quantum cascade laser", Nature 492 (2012) 229?233. CrossRef G. Villares, A. Hugi, S. Blaser, J. Faist,"Dual-comb spectroscopy based on quantum-cascade-laser frequency combs", Nat. Commun. 5 (2014) 5192. CrossRef G. Villares, S. Riedi, J. Wolf, D. Kazakov, M.J. Süess, P. Jouy, M. Beck, J. Faist, "Dispersion engineering of quantum cascade laser frequency combs", Optica 3 (2016) 252. CrossRef Y. Wang, M.G. Soskind, W. Wang, G. Wysocki, "High-resolution multi-heterodyne spectroscopy based on Fabry-Perot quantum cascade lasers", Appl. Phys. Lett. 104 (2014) 31114. CrossRef A. Hangauer, J. Westberg, E. Zhang, G. Wysocki, "Wavelength modulated multiheterodyne spectroscopy using Fabry-Pérot quantum cascade lasers", Opt. Express 24 (2016) 25298. CrossRef D. Burghoff, Y. Yang, D.J. Hayton, J.-R. Gao, J.L. Reno, Q. Hu, "Evaluating the coherence and time-domain profile of quantum cascade laser frequency combs", Opt. Express 23 (2015) 1190?1202. CrossRef A. Gordon, C.Y. Wang, L. Diehl, F.X. Kärtner, A. Belyanin, D. Bour, S. Corzine, G. Höfler, H.C. Liu, H. Schneider, T. Maier, M. Troccoli, J. Faist, F. Capasso, "Multimode regimes in quantum cascade lasers: From coherent instabilities to spatial hole burning", Phys. Rev. A 77 (2008). CrossRef S. Blaser, D.A. Yarekha, L. Hvozdara, Y. Bonetti, A. Muller, M. Giovannini, J. Faist, "Room-temperature, continuous-wave, single-mode quantum-cascade lasers at ?=5.4?m", Appl. Phys. Lett. 86 (2005) 41109. CrossRef S. Schiller, "Spectrometry with frequency combs", Opt. Lett. 27 (2002) 766?768. CrossRef T. Tsai, G. Wysocki, "Active wavelength control of an external cavity quantum cascade laser", Appl. Phys. B Lasers Opt. 109 (2012) 415?421. CrossRef
Nitrogen leaching from natural ecosystems under global change: a
modelling study
Authors: Braakhekke Maarten C. , Rebel Karin T. , Dekker Stefan C. , Smith Benjamin , Beusen Arthur H. W. , Wassen Martin J.
Published: March 2017

Abstract. In order to study global nitrogen (N) leaching from natural ecosystems under changing N deposition, climate, and atmospheric CO2, we performed a factorial model experiment for the period 1901–2006 with the N-enabled global terrestrial ecosystem model LPJ-GUESS. In eight global simulations we used either the true transient time series of N deposition, climate, and atmospheric CO2 as input, or kept combinations of these drivers constant at initial values. The results show that N deposition is globally the strongest driver of simulated N leaching, individually causing an increase of 88 % by 1997–2006, relative to pre-industrial conditions. Climate change led globally to a 31 % increase in N leaching, but the size and direction of change varied among global regions: leaching generally increased in regions with high soil organic carbon storage or high initial N status, and decreased in regions with a positive trend in vegetation productivity or decreasing precipitation. Rising atmospheric CO2 generally caused decreased N leaching (33 % globally), with strongest effects in regions with high productivity and N availability. All drivers combined resulted in a rise of N leaching by 73 % with strongest increases in Europe, eastern North America and South-East Asia, where N deposition rates are highest. Decreases in N leaching were predicted for the Amazon and Northern India. We further found that N loss by fire regionally is a large term in the N budget, associated lower N leaching, particularly in semi-arid biomes. Predicted global N leaching from natural lands rose from 13.6 Tg N yr−1 in 1901–1911 to 18.5 Tg N yr−1 in 1997–2006, accounting for land-use changes. Ecosystem N status (quantified as the reduction of vegetation productivity due to N limitation) shows a similar positive temporal trend but large spatial variability. Interestingly this variability is more strongly related to vegetation type than N input. Similarly, the relationship between N status and (relative) N leaching is highly variable due to confounding factors such as soil water fluxes, fire occurrence, and growing season length. Nevertheless, our results suggest that regions with very high N deposition rates are approaching a state of N saturation.
Halon-1301 – further evidence of its performance as an age tracer in
New Zealand groundwater
Authors: Beyer Monique , Morgenstern Uwe , van der Raaij Rob , Martindale Heather
Published: March 2017

Abstract. We recently discovered a new groundwater age tracer, Halon-1301, which can be used to date groundwater recharged after the 1970s. In a previous study, we showed that Halon-1301 reliably inferred groundwater age at the majority of studied groundwater sites. At those sites, ages inferred from Halon-1301 agreed with those inferred from SF6 and tritium, two reliable widely applied groundwater age tracers. A few samples, however, showed reduced concentrations of Halon-1301, preventing meaningful age interpretation from its concentration. These reduced concentrations were likely a result of degradation or retardation of Halon-1301 in the aquifer. However, we couldn’t provide full evidence for this due to the limited number of analysed groundwater samples (18 in total). In this study, we assess the potential of Halon-1301 as a groundwater age tracer for a larger dataset of groundwater samples under specific groundwater conditions, including highly anoxic young groundwater which can significantly degrade Halon-1301, to gain more information on the magnitude of occurrence and the causes of reduced Halon-1301 concentrations. In this study, we analysed 302 groundwater samples for Halon-1301, SF6, tritium and the CFCs CFC-11, CFC-12 and CFC-113. Comparison of age information inferred from the concentrations of these tracers allows assessment of the performance of Halon-1301 compared to other well established and widely used age tracers. The samples are taken from different groundwater environments in New Zealand and include anoxic and oxic waters with mean residence times ranging from
Ensuring Active Participation in School Projects: A Reflection Case Study in the Framework of Education for the Sustainable Development
Authors: Kalathaki Maria
Published: March 2017

Environmental Education with joint efforts by the government, environmental agencies, entrepreneurial initiatives, local authorities and schools play a major role in in promoting students’ understanding of environmental concepts, enhancing their awareness on major environmental issues and positive attitude towards natural environment, and cultivating the future active, environmental literate citizen. This research is a case study with synthesis of many interesting approaches, actions and constructive elements of a school project on Environmental Education which designed and applied to meet the principles and methodology of Education for the Sustainable Development. The research method allowed the reflection and assessment of the design, the detailed description of the educational activities, the objectives initially set, the way they were achieved and their impact to those involved, particularly to students and teachers. The study aimed to contribute in the understanding of the framework, procedures, characteristics of the target group and the learning environments, in an open “reading” frame. It also aimed to attribute meaning to the real experience of the participants.Students’ participation in the educational project was very active because of the interesting subject of the project, the link of the study with the management of ecosystems and also the relations that were built up among the participants during the project implementation. The Project utilized the didactic research with the use of various educational techniques which stirred the interest of students and pushed them to get more involved in the educational process, looking more to discover new knowledge. The project focused on learning about the bio-communities and the ways of management and protection to ensure future ecological sustainability and social quality of life. Students visited agro-tourism units in Macedonia and Crete in different ecological environments. Discussions, interviews, round table debates, brainstorming, role play, environmental pathways, guided tours were greatly conducted together with the ICTs in various learning environments inside and outside the school, in the classroom, the libraries, the science laboratory, in the field and in society, kept the students highly interested all over the project implementation.
Asymptotic Properties of Longitudinal Weighted Averages for Strongly Mixing Data
Authors: Soro Brahima , Hili Ouagnina , Niang Sophie Dabo-
Published: March 2017

We present general results of consistency and normality of a real-valued longitudinal random variable. We suppose that this random variable is some formed weighted averages of alpha-mixing data. The results can be applied to within-subject covariance function.
Polymeric Foams
Authors: Ruiz‐Herrero Jose Luis , Estravis Sergio , Rodríguez‐Perez Miguel Angel
Published: March 2017

Polymeric foams are natural‐like light materials that are widely used owing to a combination of exceptional properties and low cost compared with similar materials. Furthermore, tailoring the physical properties of these foams, and the environmental benefits of replacing solid plastics, are important factors contributing to their growing market share.

This article covers the fundamental aspects of structure, properties, production, and applications of polymeric foams. Current trends in material development and related challenges are also discussed.
Suture Materials
Authors: Chu C. C.
Published: March 2017

Wound closure is the dominant and most important treatment of all types of injuries and chronic wounds like surgical wounds, burns, and ulcers. Therefore, there is high demand for advancing the wound closure technology for proper wound care and closure.

Wound closure biomaterials are generally divided into four major categories: sutures, staplers/ligating clips, tissue adhesives, and medical tapes. Sutures have been used for a long time, received the most attention, and are the most widely used of all wound closures. A suture is a strand of fibrous material, typically from synthetic polymers, used to ligate blood vessels and approximate tissues together. A metallic needle is often used to sew tissue together.

In this article, commercial sutures, their physical configurations, and essential properties of handling, including coatings, physical/mechanical property, biological property and biodegradation, and absorption property, are concisely described. Some new coating materials for improving handling as well as biological property are also provided. New references and reviews are included in this updated suture articles.
Solid Waste Management
Authors: Bagchi Amalendu
Published: March 2017

The article provides an overview regarding integrated solid waste management of municipal and industrial nonhazardous waste, which seeks to minimize energy use, environmental impact, and landfill space use by maximizing reduction, reuse, and recycling of waste. Identification and characterization of nonhazardous wastes, collection systems for various waste types, as well as brief information on waste disposal, landfill design, construction, operation, and monitoring are discussed.