bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Colocating Teleophthalmology Within Primary Care Settings to Improve Access to Diabetic Retinopathy Screening: Retrospective Descriptive Evaluation
Authors: Wandy Tiffany , Rayaz Shuja , Brager Jenna Ashly Levenson , Kiritsy Michael , Offermann Elizabeth , Durand Daniel
Published: June 2021

Background

Annual retinal exams for patients with diabetes are critical as diabetic retinopathy is the number one cause of preventable blindness in working-age adults in the United States. Currently, most patients with diabetes in the United States receive a referral from their primary care provider to see an ophthalmologist for their annual dilated eye exam, which can be an added inconvenience and expense. As such, there is a need for alternative screening strategies within an outpatient network. The use of a telemedicine platform in a primary care setting serves as a novel strategy to increase diabetic retinopathy screening rates. In order to provide better access to diabetic retinopathy screening for our patients, cameras were placed in 3 primary care practices in October 2017 as part of an 8-month pilot program. Specialized cameras from Intelligent Retinal Imaging Systems (IRIS) were used to acquire images that could be interpreted remotely by ophthalmologists within the LifeBridge Health network for the diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy and the detection of other types of pathology (eg, macular edema).

Objective

The aim of this retrospective descriptive study was to examine whether a telemedicine platform can be used as a cost-effective way to increase diabetic retinopathy screening rates in the primary care setting.

Methods

Aggregate screening volume and diagnostic data were collected for each of the 3 practice locations for the 8-month pilot period (October 30, 2017, through June 30, 2018). Additionally, payor reimbursement data and equipment cost data were used to determine the payback period for each of the 3 practice locations.

Results

The pilot program proved the business case that implementation of the IRIS camera in 3 practice locations could result in enough patients being screened to pay for the cost of the camera within a maximum of 2 years. The 3 practices showed increased diabetic retinopathy screening rates of 1%, 6%, and 24%, respectively, and were all able to screen enough patients to be on track to pay off the cost of the camera within 2 years of implementation. Aggregate data from the pilot period showed that of the 1213 patients who were screened, approximately 17.1% (n=207) were diagnosed with diabetic retinopathy and an additional 17.7% (n=215) were suspected of having some other form of pathology. Of note, 10.1% (n=123) were also identified as being “IRIS saves,” defined as having pathology identified that was severe enough to be considered an imminent threat to their vision.

Conclusions

This retrospective descriptive study suggests that a telemedicine platform can be used to improve diabetic retinopathy screening rates in the primary care setting within a large health care system in a cost-effective way that allows for the cost of the equipment to be recouped through billing within a maximum of 2 years.
Eccentricity Based Topological Invariants of Tightest non-adjacently Configured Stable Pentagonal Structure of Carbon Nanocones
Authors: Zobair MIan , Malik Mehar Ali , Shaker Hani
Published: June 2021

Conjugated open ended cones in which the configured pentagons are
consistent, lies in the circle of Fries Kekule structure [8]. This
non-adjacent tightest configuration of pentagons as shown in the Fig. 1
is consistent with a Fries Kekule structure and thus provides the most
stable cone. In the study, various topological indices of the same
structure in regard of physico-concoction resources and bioactivity of
substance mixtures are studied which further helps to study the behavior
of chemical compounds. In this regard, Zagreb indices M_1^* (G) and
M_2^* (G) of a molecular graph G are used to evaluate the complexity
in chemical systems and biological organisms. In this manuscript, we
consider two complex families of stable carbon nanocones and compute
their ECI, TEI and eccentricity-based Zagreb indices.
Hybrid Repair of Late-Onset Pseudoaneurysm After Previous Surgical Coarctation Repair
Authors: Akbulut Mustafa , Ak Adnan , Karakoç Ayşe Zehra , Tuncer Altug
Published: June 2021

Hybrid repairs for pseudoaneurysms after previous surgical coarctation
repair are becoming a well-accepted and widespread method especially in
patients with complex aortic disease. We report two cases that performed
two different hybrid repair methods for pseudoaneurysm associated with
previous aortic coarctation.
Trends in First-Line Glucose-Lowering Drug Use in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes in Light of Emerging Evidence for SGLT-2i and GLP-1RA
Authors: Shin HoJin , Schneeweiss Sebastian , Glynn Robert J. , Patorno Elisabetta
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVE

We evaluated recent use trends and predictors of first-line antidiabetes treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Using two large U.S. health insurance databases (Clinformatics and Medicare), we identified adult patients with type 2 diabetes who initiated antidiabetes treatment from 2013 through 2019. Quarterly trends in use of first-line antidiabetes treatment were plotted overall and stratified by cardiovascular disease (CVD). Multinomial logistic regressions were fit to estimate predictors of first-line antidiabetes treatment, using metformin, the recommended first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes, as the common referent.

RESULTS

Metformin was the most frequently initiated medication, used by 80.6% of Medicare beneficiaries and 83.1% of commercially insured patients. Sulfonylureas were used by 8.7% (Medicare) and 4.7% (commercial). Both populations had low use of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i, 0.8% [Medicare] and 1.7% [commercial]) and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1Ra; 1.0% [Medicare] and 3.5% [commercial]), with increasing trends over time (P < 0.01). Initiators of antidiabetes drugs with established cardiovascular benefits (SGLT-2i and GLP-1RA) were more likely to be younger and had prevalent CVD or higher socioeconomic status compared with initiators of metformin.

CONCLUSIONS

Among adult patients with type 2 diabetes, metformin was by far the most frequent first-line treatment. While the use of SGLT-2i and GLP-1RA was low from 2013 through 2019, it increased among patients with CVD.
Comparison of the Effect of Agitation on Whitening and Tooth Sensitivity of In-Office Bleaching: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Kiyuna RC , Martins LM , Hanzen TA , Reis A , Loguercio AD , Silva LM
Published: June 2021

Objective:

This single-blind, split-mouth, randomized trial was aimed at evaluating the bleaching efficacy (BE) and tooth sensitivity (TS) of a 20% hydrogen peroxide (HP) bleaching agent used under active or passive application.

Methods and Materials:

Twenty-two patients with canines darker than C2 were selected. Teeth were bleached in two sessions, with a one-week interval between treatments. The bleaching agent was applied using active (HPactive) or passive (HPpassive) application. Each tooth in the HPactive-allocated hemiarch received bleaching gel with sonic activation after 10 and 30 minutes from the start of treatment, with rounded movements all over the buccal surface. The color changes were evaluated by subjective (Vita Classical and Vita Bleachedguide) and objective (VITA Easyshade Spectrophotometer) methods at baseline and 30 days after the second session. TS was recorded up to 48 hours after treatment using a 0-10 visual analog scale. Color change in shade guide units (SGUs) and ΔE was analyzed using a Wilcoxon test (α=0.05). The absolute risk and intensity of TS were evaluated using McNemar test and a Wilcoxon test, respectively (α=0.05).

Results:

Significant whitening was observed in both groups after 30 days of clinical evaluation. The activation did not significantly influence BE (ΔSGU HPpassive=5.6 and HPActive=5.8; p=0.98; and ΔE HPpassive=10.6 and HPactive=10.3; p=0.83). Absolute risk of TS (HPactive=36.4% and HPpassive=31.8%; p=0.94) was similar for both groups (Fisher exact test). TS intensity (visual analogue scale) was higher during the bleaching sessions and up to 24 hours thereafter for both groups, with no differences between groups (two-way analysis of variance and Tukey).

Conclusion:

The active application of a 20% HP gel did not improve BE and TS.
PROBLEMS OF TRANSLATION ADAPTATION OF ENGLISH-LANGUAGE GAMING AAA PROJECTS
Authors: EPSHTEIN OLGA V.
Published: June 2021

The article examines the problems of translation adaptation when localizing high-budget AAA-class video games. The author considers the chosen specialized field as a new discursive genre, identifies verbal components of video game content, and classifies denotative, linguistic and pragmatic violations in the translation of the studied video game projects. Based on the results of the study, the solution to the problem of making an error-free translation is seen in an individual approach; the ways to improve the translation localization of the final product of gaming industry are proposed.
СOMMUNICATIVE SPECIFIC GENRES OF NON-FICTIONAL PROSE
Authors: VOENUSHKINA EKATERINA A.
Published: June 2021

The article briefly describes genres of non-fairytale prose in the context of communication theory, and also makes an attempt to identify both new features and ones highlighted by the researchers based on the multimodal transcriptions of twelve recorded stories called “bylichka” and “byval'shchina” collected from four respondents. The transcribed material is analyzed by communicative parameters. The author determines some restrictions on differentiation between the genres of “bylichka” and “byval'shchina” from the point of view of communication.
Kunaung Njik Kileng: Analisis Fungsi Vladimir Propp
Authors: Jayawardana Mahawitra , Rosa Silvia
Published: June 2021

This paper aims to discuss the kunaung Njik Kileng that developed in Kerinci to reveal the 31 functions of Vladimir Propp's narrative structure. This research is a qualitative research with descriptive method. The data in this study were transcription of kunaung Njik Kileng which is contained in the book Struktur Sastra Lisan Kerinci.. Data analysis was carried out by classifying the data according to the Propp function, analyzing the function of the story, describing the story scheme based on the results obtained from the function analysis, and distributing it into the action environment contained in the story. The results of this study concluded that there were 14 of the 31 functions according to Vladimir Propp. This kunaung also has an advanced plot after analyzing the story patterns contained in this kunaung. There are several characters who have the character of villains, donors, and even heroes. In addition, this kunaung contains messages to carry out duties and responsibilities in the family which are represented by the functions contained in the ancient text.
Resistensi Perempuan terhadap Konstruksi Gender dalam Film La Source des Femmes karya Radu Mihăileanu
Authors: Pertiwi Rizki Amalia
Published: June 2021

Issues regarding gender issues are closely related to women and how their roles are constructed in social life, which creates various stereotypes that lead to gender inequality problems. In the film La Source des Femmes, gender construction is shown through narrative and cinematographic aspects. This article focuses on women's resistance to gender construction that have taken shape in the lives of remote rural women in Morocco. The analysis in this article uses a film study by Boggs and Petrie (2012) and Actor Scheme by Greimas (1967). James C. Scott's concept of resistance and Mansour Fakih's gender inequality were also used to deepen the analysis. This research is a qualitative research with descriptive method. The data in the study are in the form of words, clauses, phrases, or sentences that indicate the form of women's resistance. The findings of the analysis show that the resistance shown by rural Moroccan women aims to fight the injustice of their roles and obligations as women and housewives who have been oppressed and have directly harmed them. Through this research, it is also seen that the resistance carried out by village women has an impact on their growing awareness of self-subjectivity and redefining their role as a woman.
Sistem Kekerabatan dalam novel Hong Lou Meng karya Cao Xueqin: Analisis Sosiologi Sastra
Authors: Siregar Sheyra Silvia
Published: June 2021

This study describes the kinship system adhered to by the people of East Asia, especially the People's Republic of China. The rich and diverse kinship system is clearly illustrated and applied in a large family during the dynastic kingdom in China. The purpose of this study was to identify and describe the kinship system in Hong Lou Meng novel by Cao Xueqin. In addition, this novel also tells about a family that contains many different kinship systems. This research belongs to a descriptive-qualitative perspective. The results of the analysis show an overview of the kinship system contained in a large family in Ancient China about the Chinese ethnic kinship system in the past through Hong Lou Meng novel by Cao Xueqin.
Remoteness, islands and islandness
Authors: Ronström Owe
Published: June 2021

Through an explorative overview of a number of approaches to what remoteness is, in terms of language, discourse, and fantasy, how it is established spatially and temporally by movements and perspectives, by how connections are set up, and by how boundaries are drawn and crossed, this paper argues that remoteness is a) produced rather than discovered; b) an asymmetric relation between two parties from which emanates certain features, practices, and affective modes; c) a category to think with rather than an object for such thinking; d) a device that frames and structures the positioning and experiencing of time and place; and e) a part of the logic that organises the world in terms of power and control. Of longstanding concern in island studies is what constitutes ‘the island’. Much of the discussion is built on an undertheorised and broadly accepted dichotomisation between ‘literal’ and ‘metaphorical’ understandings of islands. What the overview suggests is a third position: ‘the island’ as an intensively multirelational phenomenon constituted by the constant sliding between islands as physical places and all the figures of thought attached to such places.
Island narratives in the making of Japan: The Kojiki in geocultural context
Authors: Johnson Henry
Published: June 2021

Shintō, the national religion of Japan, is grounded in the mythological narratives that are found in the 8th-Century chronicle, Kojiki 古事記 (712). Within this early source book of Japanese history, myth, and national origins, there are many accounts of islands (terrestrial and imaginary), which provide a foundation for comprehending the geographical cosmology (i.e., sacred space) of Japan’s territorial boundaries and the nearby region in the 8th Century, as well as the ritualistic significance of some of the country’s islands to this day. Within a complex geocultural genealogy of gods that links geography to mythology and the Japanese imperial line, land and life were created along with a number of small and large islands. Drawing on theoretical work and case studies that explore the geopolitics of border islands, this article offers a critical study of this ancient work of Japanese history with specific reference to islands and their significance in mapping Japan. Arguing that a characteristic of islandness in Japan has an inherent connection with Shintō religious myth, the article shows how mythological islanding permeates geographic, social, and cultural terrains. The discussion maps the island narratives found in the Kojiki within a framework that identifies and discusses toponymy, geography, and meaning in this island nation’s mythology.
Protection des groupes vulnérables contre les méfaits du tabac pendant et après la pandémie de COVID-19
Authors: Melamed Osnat C. , Zawertailo Laurie , Schwartz Robert , Buckley Leslie , Selby Peter
Published: June 2021

Les groupes marginalisés sont touchés de manière disproportionnée par la pandémie actuelle. Parmi les effets directs, notons des taux d’infection supérieurs associés à une morbidité et à une mortalité accrues, les effets indirects découlant quant à eux de la réponse sociétale visant à limiter la propagation du virus. Ces groupes présentent également des taux de tabagisme nettement plus élevés que ceux de la population générale. Dans cet article, nous examinons, au moyen du cadre syndémique, la façon dont la pandémie a contribué à exacerber les méfaits du tabac chez ces groupes. Cette approche nous permet d’étudier les facteurs qui favorisent le cumul des méfaits du tabac et des méfaits de la COVID 19, en particulier une aggravation de la détresse psychologique, une augmentation potentielle du tabagisme, une exposition accrue à la fumée secondaire et un accès réduit aux services d’arrêt du tabac. Nous proposons ensuite des stratégies d’atténuation destinées à protéger les groupes défavorisés contre les méfaits du tabac, pendant et après la pandémie de COVID-19 : des services d’arrêt du tabac abordables, une approche proactive du traitement du tabagisme à l’aide des technologies de l’information, un dépistage et un traitement de la dépendance au tabac au moment où les personnes vont se faire vacciner contre la COVID-19, la prise de mesures pour instaurer une couverture universelle de la pharmacothérapie de sevrage du tabac, des politiques d’interdiction totale de fumer et une réglementation de la densité des points de vente au détail de tabac. Aujourd’hui plus que jamais, les cliniciens, les systèmes de soins de santé, les organismes de santé publique et les responsables des politiques de santé doivent agir de manière coordonnée pour protéger les groupes vulnérables contre les méfaits du tabac.
Post-secondary students’ adherence to the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Adults: Results from the first deployment of the Canadian Campus Wellbeing Survey (CCWS)
Authors: Weatherson Katie A. , Joopally Himabindu , Wunderlich Kelly , Kwan Matthew Y.W. , Tomasone Jennifer R. , Faulkner Guy
Published: June 2021

Introduction

New Canadian 24-Hour movement guidelines for adults recommend several hours of light physical activity each day, 150 minutes/week of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) including muscle strengthening activities at least twice a week, no more than 8 hours of sedentary time and 3 hours of recreational screen time each day, and 7 to 9 hours of sleep each night. This study examines post-secondary student adherence to the guidelines and its associations with sociodemographic factors and mental health.

Methods

We analyzed data from a sample of 20 090 post-secondary students in Canada who participated in the 2019–2020 Canadian Campus Wellbeing Survey (CCWS). Prevalence of meeting guidelines for physical activity, sedentary time, recreational screen time and sleep were examined. We conducted logistic regression to examine associations between meeting movement guidelines and sociodemographic factors and mental health outcomes.

Results

Only 9.9% of students (females 10.4%; males 9.2%) were currently achieving four components of the 24-hour movement guidelines. Respondents most commonly adhered to MVPA (61.1%) and sleep (59.7%) guidelines. Adherence to sedentary and screen time guidelines was lower (56.3% and 36.2%, respectively). Sociodemographic factors associated with higher odds of meeting the guidelines included being female, older age, self-identifying as White, and living at high socioeconomic status. Students who reported higher psychological well-being were more likely to meet the guidelines.

Conclusion

Overall adherence to the new guidelines is low among post-secondary students in Canada. The CCWS provides a mechanism for monitoring the dissemination and implementation of the new Canadian 24-hour movement guidelines for adults.
PENGEMBANGAN MULTIMEDIA PEMBELAJARAN INTERAKTIF BERBASIS LECTORA INSPIRE PADA PELAJARAN INSTALASI PENERANGAN LISTRIK DI SMK SWASTA DWIWARNA MEDAN
Authors: Saleh Anwar , Siagian Sahat
Published: June 2021

Abstract The purpose of this research is to develop interactive learning multimedia in the form of an interactive CD, using several software including Lectora Inspire, Adobe Photoshop CS6, Bandycam, and AMR to MP3 Converter. This development research used the Borg and Gall research model adapted from Sugiyono. The target of this research is the Expert Lecturer at the State University of Medan. The eligibility test of interactive learning multimedia was carried out by media validators, material validators, and acceptance validators. Based on the data analysis conducted, it shows that the resulting learning multimedia is good with a score of 4.4 for material validation, a score of 4.5 for media validation, and a score of 4.2 for validation of acceptances. So the results of the validation show that the learning multimedia developed is eligible for use. Key Words: Interactive Multimedia, Lectora Inspire Software, Electrical Lighting Installation AbstrakTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan multimedia pembelajaran interaktif dalam bentuk CD interaktif, menggunakan beberapa software diantaranya Lectora Inspire, Adobe Photoshop CS6, Bandycam, dan AMR to MP3 Converter. Penelitian pengembangan ini menggunakan model penelitian Borg and Gall yang diadaptasi dari Sugiyono. Sasaran penelitian ini adalah Dosen Ahli Universitas Negeri Medan. Uji kelayakan multimedia pembelajaran interaktif dilakukan oleh validator media, validator materi, dan validator penerimaan. Berdasarkan analisis data yang dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa multimedia pembelajaran yang dihasilkan baik dengan skor validasi materi 4,4, validasi media skor 4,5, dan validasi penerimaan skor 4,2. Sehingga hasil validasi menunjukkan bahwa multimedia pembelajaran yang dikembangkan layak untuk digunakan.Kata Kunci: Multimedia Interaktif, Software Lectora Inspire,  Instalasi Penerangan Listrik
Nonlinear systems with a partial Nash type equilibrium
Authors: Stan Andrei
Published: June 2021

"In this paper xed point arguments and a critical point technique are combined leading to hybrid existence results for a system of three operator equations where only two of the equations have a variational structure. The components of the solution which are associated to the equations having a variational
form represent a Nash-type equilibrium of the corresponding energy functionals. The result is achieved by an iterative scheme based on Ekeland's variational principle."
Comparative Evaluation for Effectiveness Analysis of Policy Based Deep Reinforcement Learning Approaches
Authors: Tan Ziya , Karaköse Mehmet
Published: June 2021

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has proven to be a very strong technique with results in various applications in recent years. Especially the achievements in the studies in the field of robotics show that much more progress will be made in this field. Undoubtedly, policy choices and parameter settings play an active role in the success of DRL. In this study, an analysis has been made on the policies used by examining the DRL studies conducted in recent years. Policies used in the literature are grouped under three different headings: value-based, policy-based and actor-critic. However, the problem of moving a common target using Newton's law of motion of collaborative agents is presented. Trainings are carried out in a frictionless environment with two agents and one object using four different policies. Agents try to force an object in the environment by colliding it and try to move it out of the area it is in. Two-dimensional surface is used during the training phase. As a result of the training, each policy is reported separately and its success is observed. Test results are discussed in section 5. Thus, policies are tested together with an application by providing information about the policies used in deep reinforcement learning approaches.
Global existence and blow-up of generalized self-similar solutions for a space-fractional diffusion equation with mixed conditions
Authors: Nouioua Farid , Basti Bilal
Published: June 2021

This paper investigates the problem of the existence and uniqueness of solutions under the generalized self-similar forms to the space-fractional diffusion equation. Therefore, through applying the properties of Schauder’s and Banach’s fixed point theorems; we establish several results on the global existence and blow-up of generalized self-similar solutions to this equation.
Research on Increasing the Degree of Individual Protection against Bullets through the use of Ceramic Materials
Authors: Ilie Florin
Published: June 2021

The protection of forces in the new world conflicts has become a particularly important issue for all the world’s armies. Therefore, ensuring an optimal level of protection, combined with maintaining freedom of movement in the tactical field has become a very important topic for research teams. This goal can be achieved by using materials in the protection of forces with a relatively low mass, but to ensure a substantial reduction in the kinetic energy of ballistic penetrators. In this paper are presented some considerations on how the ballistic penetration process is affected by the presence of ceramic materials.
Market Structure analysis with Herfindahl-Hirchman Index and Lauraéus-Kaivo-Oja Indices in the Global Cobotics Markets
Authors: Lauraéus Theresa , Kaivo-oja Jari , Knudsen Mikkel S. , Kuokkanen Kimmo
Published: June 2021

Research purpose. The study is focused on the expected market dynamics of global cobotics markets. This study investigates the current market structure of the global cobotics market. The scientific aim of the research is to report the first data-based market structure analysis of the global cobotics market with the HHI index and with the LKI index analysis. With analysis we are able to show the diversification rate of the global cobotics market.

Design / Methodology / Approach. The methodology is based on conventional statistical index theory and statistics. The methodology is the calculation of the Herfindahl-Hirchman Index and the Lauraéus-Kaivo-oja Index. The authors compare the results of these two methodologies.

Findings. The Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) and the Lauraéus-Kaivo-oja Index are statistical measures of market concentration, and they can be used to determine market competitiveness. This paper demonstrates novel data analytics possibilities of new market data collected by the Statzon, Ltd with various comparative analytical results and findings. By our analyses we can help multiple industrial stakeholders make faster decisions and better strategic plans with the easiest and fastest access to accurate, reliable, and up-to-date cobotics industry statistics, forecasts, and insights. The finding is that this study reveals the current market structure of global cobotics. It is a novel finding and result.

Originality / Value / Practical implications. This paper demonstrates the novel and exciting possibilities of transparent index calculation tools. The authors provide original results. Authors underline that extra value added to stakeholders and customers will be provided by joint data pooling strategy of various data sources, which is a key approach of this paper. Real-time market structure analyses create reliable and knowledge-based information for decision-makers and stakeholders of the global cobotics industry.
A New Sustainability Model – A Four Essential Quadrants Framework
Authors: Fioravante Philip L.
Published: June 2021

Research purpose. This paper will present contemporary ideas on how, when, and where the four quadrants are vital to the sustainability of an organization and central to the future of the entity. There have long been suppositions and actual operational level models featuring three primary rudiments. Much of the prior research and modeling has centered on Economic, Social, and Environmental as the basis for sustainability within business models. This particular research brought new perspectives and addressed some deficiencies in the existing sustainability models.

Design / Methodology / Approach. A qualitative methodology aligned with an axiological philosophical assumption is evidenced throughout the explanatory review, and new open-ended interviews focused on values while discussing the nuances of sustainability. The methodology applied is a review of relevant literature on sustainability, critical thinking, CSR, and financial acumen that was utilized to augment the interviews.

Findings. This new and distinct perspective develops and puts forth four quadrants that are corollary to these three core elements. However, this version purports a more comprehensive and holistic framing with a focus on Financial Acumen, Critical Thinking, Creativity & Innovation, and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Each of these “new model” fundamentals provides a broader application for sustainability within a business strategy as companies look to distinguish themselves in the markets served. There is no doubt that executives are faced with a myriad of complex and, in some sense, extraordinary demands on the business.

Originality / Value / Practical implications. This sustainability model captures four imperatives for sustaining and improving business performance and, in the end, a sophisticated and authentic approach providing engagement by and with all stakeholders. Financial acumen must be comprehensive and create value; Critical Thinking must be pervasive throughout the organization; Creativity & Innovation must drive systematic improvements throughout, and Corporate Social Responsibility should be a core business strategy for both employee engagement and creating external social influences. Though this last supposition can be argued such as Friedman put forth, there remains the awareness and recognition of the importance of CSR in a business model. This particular research will broaden the view of those involved with sustainability to now include critical thinking, creativity, and innovation.
Online interaction descriptors: A tool for the development of tasks for language competences and language use
Authors: Bérešová Jana , Micallef Alice
Published: June 2021

The study focuses on a new scale of the framework introduced by the CEFR Companion Volume. Slovak and Maltese teachers were invited to participate in the training sessions in which they were exposed to lists of descriptors related to online interaction. The goal of familiarisation activities related to indicating reference levels was to prepare teachers for constructing tasks designed for practicing online communication in language classes, relevant to the proficiency levels of their students. The data on teachers’ judgements are clearly displayed and analysed in order to find out similarities and differences between teachers’ perceptions of language proficiency in two countries. Workshop sessions stimulated in-depth discussions the conclusions of which are reflected in the recommendations for language educators and teachers.
Antimicrobial resistance and virulence factor gene profiles of Enterococcus spp. isolated from giant panda oral cavities
Authors: Zhong Rui , Zhou Ziyao , Liu Haifeng , Zhong Zhijun , Peng Guangneng
Published: June 2021

Introduction

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and characteristics of antimicrobial-resistant Enterococcus faecalis and E. faecium isolated from the oral cavities of captive giant pandas in China.

Material and Methods

The virulence-associated determinant and antimicrobial resistance genes were detected and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed on 54 strains of each bacterium.

Results

All isolates showed 100% multidrug resistance. E. faecalis isolates showed a higher percentage of strains resistant to gentamicin (48.1%), vancomycin (55.6%), linezolid (100%), and streptomycin (33.3%) than E. faecium isolates. The resistance genes of Enterococcus spp. were present to highly varying extents according to antibiotic type, their presence breaking down for E. faecalis and E. faecium respectively as aac(6')/aph(2″) 5.56% and 5.56%; aph(3')-Ⅲ 0% and 14.81%; ant(6)-I 0% and 3.7%; ant(4')-Ia 0% and 64.81%; tetL 20.37% and 100%; vanA 92.59% and 46.3%; vanB 0% and 0%; cfr 0% and 90.74%; optrA 96.3% and 3.7%; blaZ 0% and 1.85%; blaTEM 0% and 0%; tetA 20.37% and 0%; tetC 24.07% and 100%; tetM 0% and 0%; ermA 12.96% and 100%; ermB 5.56% and 3.7%; and ermC 0% and 1.85%.Virulence-associated determinants were detected in this research, which typically include efaA, gelE, asa1, ace, cylA, esp and hyl; however, the latter three were not detected. High proportions of the isolates carried the efaA, gelE, asa1, and ace genes. Respectively for E. faecalis and E. faecium their detection was efaA 98.1% and 85.2%; gelE 98.1% and 87%; asa1 92.6% and 87%; and ace 87% and 85.2%.

Conclusion

This is the first study on the potential disease risk and antimicrobial-resistant characteristics of E. faecalis and E. faecium isolates in giant panda oral cavities. The results of this study show that the antimicrobial resistance rate of Enterococcus spp. isolated from the oral cavity of captive pandas is very high, and thus needs to be monitored.
Effects of vitamin C and magnesium L-threonate treatment on learning and memory in lead-poisoned mice
Authors: Bislimi Kemajl , Mazreku Ilir , Halili Jeton , Aliko Valbona , Sinani Kushtrim , Hoxha Liridon
Published: June 2021

Introduction

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of vitamin C (vit C) and magnesium L-threonate (MgT) on the learning ability and memory of mice intoxicated with lead acetate.

Material and Methods

The experimental male Swiss albinos were divided into five groups of 10 during a 40-day treatment period. One group were untreated controls, one received lead acetate at 90 mg/kg b.w., one additionally vit C at 40 mg/kg b.w., another additionally MgT at 100 mg/kg b.w., and the last was administered MgT without lead acetate. After a 20-day washout period, the animals were trained in the Morris water maze test for 6 days and after a 24-hour interval, were assessed for memory in the same test. At test end the mice were sacrificed and their organs sampled.

Results

The results of total time and number of entries into the platform zone showed that significantly poorer performances were recorded for the group poisoned with lead acetate alone and significantly lower scores for learning and memory were recorded for the intoxicated and supplemented groups compared to the control group. Catalase activity was significantly reduced in the liver, pancreas and kidney but significantly potentiated in brain tissue by these two supplements compared to the control group. Lead concentration in brain tissue was significantly higher in the presence of vit C than in the control or lead acetate-only groups.

Conclusion

Lead acetate had adverse effects on learning and memory of mice and also increased catalase activity.
Could ferritin, vitamin B12, and vitamin D play a role in the etiopathogenesis of fibromyalgia syndrome?
Authors: Kucuk Adem , Baykara Rabia Aydogan , Tuzcu Ayca , Omma Ahmet , Cure Medine Cumhur , Cure Erkan , Acet Gunseli Karaca , Dogan Erdal
Published: June 2021

Introduction. Fibromyalgia syndrome (FS) comprises general body pain, sleep disturbances, and fatigue. Vitamin B12 (VB), vitamin D (VD), and iron deficiencies lead to similar complaints. First, this study aimed to evaluate the VB, VD, and ferritin levels of patients with FS. Second, it aimed to investigate whether there was a relationship between these parameters and FS severity.

Material and methods. The study included 58 female patients with FS and 58 healthy females as a control group. The patients completed the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), Visual Analog Scale (VAS), fatigue questionnaire, Pittsburgh sleep quality scale, and the Short Form-36 (SF-36). This study examined the VD, VB, and ferritin levels of the patient and control groups.

Results. The VB (240.0 [110.0–394.0] vs 291.0 [210.0–609.0] pg/ml, p<0.001), VD (12.5 [3.0–45.0] vs 20.0 [5.0–54.0] ng/ml, p=0.013), and ferritin levels (21.2 [4.0–86.0] vs 32.0 [7.1–120.0], ng/ml, p=0.009) of the FS patients were determined to be significantly lower than those of the control group. A negative correlation was determined between the number of tender points and VB, VD, and ferritin levels. In the regression analysis, we found low ferritin levels (odds ratio [OR] 1.036, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.015–1.058, p<0.001) and VB (OR 1.010, CI 1.002–1.018, p=0.010) to be an independent risk factor for FS.

Conclusions. There may be a relationship between VB, VD, and ferritin levels and the number of tender points in patients with FS. Levels of iron and VB may play a vital role in FS etiopathogenesis. However, VD levels may not be a risk factor for FS etiopathogenesis.
The skill of natural interpreting in a trilingual child
Authors: Klapicová Edita Hornáčková
Published: June 2021

The present work seeks to contribute to the fields of translation and bilingual acquisition focusing on the particular case of natural translation/interpreting of a single Slovak/English/German balanced trilingual child between 0;03 and 8;01 years. Natural interpreting is a strategy used by bilinguals whereby a message expressed in one language (source language = SL) is reproduced in another (target language = TL). Our study is based on two premises: 1. Translation in a bilingual child is an innate skill which can be acquired without formal training and is developed through guidance and practice (Harris, 1978); and 2. Natural interpreting can occur within different combinations of languages. We address the issue of bilingual competence and in particular the relationship that exists between linguistic competence and performance in the process of interpretation activity in the bilingual child. The first aim of the study is to reveal the social-academic context and the main sources of linguistic input, which had an important effect on the speech development of the child. The second aim of the study is to show that a trilingual child was able to become a sophisticated interpreter as she gradually moved through stages of pre-translation, autotranslation and transduction to more complex forms of interpretation (Harris and Sherwood, 1978; Harris, 1976 and 1978). The third aim of the study is to document the types of errors produced by the child and through error analysis and statistical data reveal whether these errors may hinder the communication of accurate meaning in the TL. The translation competence of the bilingual child is analysed via different types of spontaneous, elicited and experimental data gathered from the child’s longitudinal production recorded by the researcher in diary annotations, audio recordings and video recordings. Examples of the child’s interpretations presented in this paper are transcribed in the CHAT format. The results of our study demonstrate that a trilingual child acquiring three languages in a bilingual community with the bilingual-monolingual interaction strategy used by parents at home can become a competent interpreter by the age of 8;01 years and deliver messages quite accurately in the TL regardless of the directionality of interpretation. The results of error analysis show that the type of errors produced by the child in the process of interpretation are mainly morphological and occasionally syntactic or intrusion errors, which do not lead to misinterpretation of the meaning of original message in the TL.
The Theory of Ecotranslatology in the Development of Translation Skills of Chinese Students
Authors: Petrova L. G. , Jikhao Sun
Published: June 2021

The present study aims to analyze the theory of ecotranslatology developed by the Chinese translator-theorist Hu Gengshen. The authors pay great attention to the application of its basic principles to teaching translation in general and the development of translation skills of Chinese students in particular. The main research methods are descriptive and comparative analysis, the method of systematization of language material, contextual analysis, component analysis of the word. In the course of the study, an experiment was conducted in which more than 30 Chinese students took part. The material for the study was the authentic texts of works of Russian fiction. By analyzing the examples of the translation of the works of A. P. Chekhov and N. A. Taffy into Chinese, the authors of this article demonstrate the main difficulties encountered in the practice of translation. A number of recommendations are given that help Chinese students develop translation skills from Russian into Chinese. In their conclusions, the authors point out that when teaching translation, it is necessary to draw students’ attention to the careful study of scientific works on the theory of translation, to develop students’ sense of language, to expand their stock of spoken vocabulary of the Russian language so that the emotional coloring of the work is not lost in the process of translation, and also to remember that the study of phraseological units is a cognitive process.
The Perception of Literary Discourse by Slovak Students
Authors: Grominová Andrea , Dohnal Josef
Published: June 2021

Based on the authors’ experience in analyzing and interpreting Russian works of art in a Slovak university, the paper identifies some of the difficulties that arise in the process of teaching Russian literature, culture and the Russian language. The conducted research pays attention to the discursive factors of the study of works of fiction, while relying on the theoretical foundations of the world-famous researchers of discourse. First of all, the authors focus on five codes highlighted by one of the representatives of structuralism and poststructuralism, the French philosopher, literary critic, esthetician and semioticist – R. Bart. Deciphering individual codes of literary works can motivate students of the Russian language and literature to read independently, which develops their critical thinking, broadens the horizons of knowledge, and also contributes to their professional and personal growth. In classes on the interpretation of texts of fiction in the framework of teaching Russian as a foreign language, various difficulties are often encountered, in particular, with the decoding of the named codes. The purpose of this paper is to comment on these difficulties, highlight the factors associated with the interpretation of the elements of literary discourse, and also offer some solutions which teachers can implement to help Slovak students studying Russian as a foreign language get rid of these difficulties. The article can become an incentive for further observations in this area, contribute to an increase in the effectiveness of teaching Russian literature of the 18th – 21st centuries in Slovak universities.
ANALISA PERFORMANSI COOLING PAD TANPA SALURAN UDARA DAN DENGAN SALURAN UDAR
Authors: Santika A A Dwi , Wijaksana Hendra , Astawa I Ketut
Published: June 2021

ANALISA PERFORMANSI COOLING PAD TANPA SALURAN UDARA DAN DENGAN SALURAN UDARA. Pendinginan evaporatif merupakan proses penguapan air pada suatu permukaan yang mengalami kontak secara langsung antara air dengan udara. Pendingin evaporatif pada penelitian ini digunakan untuk mendinginkan suhu udara di dalam kandang ayam agar tidak mengalami heat stress. Ducting digunakan sebagai media menyalurkan udara, perpindahan panas, dan untuk mengurangi kelembaban pada proses penguapan air yang terjadi kontak dengan udara.Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan variasi tanpa ducting dan dengan ducting. Volume ducting yaitu 0.54 , dengan penambahan lubang pada bagian bawah dengan diameter 5 cm berjumlah 65 lubang. Pengujian dilakukan untuk mengetahui performa pendingin evaporative cooling yang meliputi penurunan bola kering udara, efektivitas pendinginan, kapasitas pendinginan, EER dan kelembaban relatif. Variabel yang diukur pada saat pengujian adalah putaran rpm fan yaitu rpm 1 (1440 rpm), rpm 2 (1470 rpm) dan rpm 3 (1500 rpm).Dari penelitian dengan ducting pada rpm 2 menghasilkan kelembaban relatif lebih baik dibanding dengan tanpa ducting. Nilai yang di dapat pada pengujian dengan ducting 60-70% merupakan kelembaban nyaman bagi ayam.Semakin besar kontak udara yang mengandung uap air dengan sistem, akan mempengaruhi kelembaban yang terjadi.
Impacto de um Programa de Apoio à Prescrição de Antibióticos na Prescrição de Carbapenemos e Quinolonas
Authors: Oliveira Raimundo Pedro , Trigo Vasco , Luque Jesus , Rei Maria José , Sousa Débora , Antunes Bruno , Rodrigues Ana , Nunes António
Published: June 2021

Introdução: O Programa de Apoio a  Prescrição de Antibióticos (PAPA) foi implementado no nosso hospital no segundo semestre de 2017. Um dos objectivos estabelecidos foi a redução do consumo de carbapenemos e quinolonas. Este estudo pretende avaliar a evolução do consumo destes fármacos durante os dois anos após a implementação do programa. Métodos: Foram analisadas as prescrições de carbapenemos e quinolonas nos doentes internados entre 1 de Julho de 2017 e 30 de Junho de 2019. O clínico responsável reviu cada prescrição, intervindo se necessário junto do médico prescritor. Os consumos foram calculados segundo a definição do Nordic Council (segundo a actualização de 2018) para as doses diárias definidas. Resultados: No primeiro ano foram identificadas 234 (35,0%) prescrições não-conformes. Foram dadas recomendações em 108 situações, com 83,3% aceites. Houve redução em 18,0% e 8,6% no consumo de quinolonas e carbapenemos, respectivamente, em relação ao ano prévio. No segundo ano foram identificadas 284 (34,5%) prescrições não-conformes. Foram dadas recomendações em 215 situações, com 94,0% aceites. Houve redução em 55,7% e 10,3% no consumo de quinolonas e carbapenemos, respectivamente. Discussão: Ao longo deste período verificou-se uma redução do consumo de quinolonas e carbapenemos e um aumento da adesão às recomendações do PAPA, reflectindo uma melhoria da educação na prescrição. Isto favorece uma utilização mais adequada de antibióticos, com menor propensão ao desenvolvimento de resistências. Conclusão: No nosso hospital, o PAPA tem levado a uma diminuição na utilização de carbapenemos e quinolonas, com boa aceitação das recomendações pelos médicos prescritores.
Doença Celíaca no Idoso
Authors: Rato Beatriz , Teixeira Veríssimo Manuel
Published: June 2021

A doença celíaca é um distúrbio crónico e autoimune que pode surgir em qualquer idade. Atualmente, um quarto dos novos diagnósticos ocorre depois dos 60 anos de idade. A apresentação clínica subtil com défices de micronutrientes e osteopenia ou osteoporose, associada à subvalorização médica desta hipótese, leva ao seu subdiagnóstico neste grupo etário. A doença celíaca na idade avançada pode ter maior risco de associação a doenças autoimunes, linfoproliferativas e cardiovasculares, com impacto na morbimortalidade. A adesão à dieta sem glúten não parece ser problemática e a qualidade de vida aparenta não diminuir. É essencial um seguimento multidisciplinar adaptado ao doente. Nesta revisão, sistematiza-se a evidência atual da doença celíaca no idoso incluindo epidemiologia, fisiopatologia, manifestações clínicas, diagnóstico e abordagem terapêutica, com o objetivo de consciencializar e reduzir o atraso no seu diagnóstico.