bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Disease presentation and surgical treatment of patients with foreign-body granulomas and ASIA syndrome: case series
Authors: Lopez-Mendoza Javier , Vargas-Flores Edgar , Mouneu-Ornelas Nicole , Altamirano-Arcos Carlos
Published: July 2021

Background The result of illicit polymer injection is chronic inflammation with foreign-body granuloma (FBG) formation. Treatment can be divided into medical and surgical. Some patients develop severe complications with need surgical treatment. This study aims to describe patients who underwent surgical removal of the FBGs and autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA); additionally, we evaluated the quality of life after surgery.Methods In this retrospective single-center study, the authors examined data of patients who underwent surgical removal of FBG caused by illicit polymer injection for cosmetic purposes and confirmed ASIA from 2015 to 2020 by three different surgical approaches. Descriptive summary statistics were reported on patient demographics, presenting symptoms and clinical examination features, treatment strategies, histopathology reports and quality of life.Results The cohort included 11 female patients with FBGs and ASIA. The most affected anatomical zones were the combination of gluteal region, thighs and legs (40%); and thighs with legs (20%). Main presentation was: skin hyperpigmentation (90.9%), skin induration (63.6%), chronic fatigue (63.6%), and ulcers (36.4%). Surgical modalities consisted of: ultrasonic-assisted liposuction in four patients (36.4%); open en bloc excision and primary closure in four patients (36.4%); and open en bloc excision and microsurgical reconstruction in three patients (27.2%). The postoperative quality of life visual analog scale score was 83.9.Conclusions ASIA treatment represents a challenge for the plastic surgeon. Adequate surgical treatment emphasizing, when possible, the total or near-total resection of the FBG must be performed to improve ASIA evolution.
Jain’s hand retractor system and stand: an innovative device for hand surgery
Authors: Jain Aakansh
Published: July 2021

Solo hand surgery is becoming increasingly common, mostly due to a lack of assistants and dedicated operating theatres. The solo hand surgeon faces challenges of proper hand positioning, elevation, and skin flap/tissue retraction. Most commercially available hand retractors or stands do not address all the relevant problems and are not economically feasible for trainee surgeons. The Jain’s hand retractor system and stand, described herein, provides solutions to all these problems, and its simple design helps surgeons to reproduce it easily.
Permanent Grant of Land Certificate for Adat People, is it Possible?
Authors: Zamil Yusuf Saepul , Sekarwati Supraba , Pujiwati Yani , Nurlinda Ida
Published: July 2021

Adat peoples mean the original inhabitants or the first inhabitants of a country or the earliest population's descendants lived in the area. All this time, adat people in Indonesia have always been marginalized and banished from their homeland. Companies that acquired investment permits from the government often dismiss the adat peoples for their interests. This dismissal occurs due to the absence of proof for the collective land ownership (ulayat land), which is used and utilized collectively and communally. This article discusses the possibility of permanently grant the land certificates to provide legal protection for the adat peoples. Granting a certificate of land rights is possible if the government changes the land registration system from the negative to the positive system (torrens system). Adat peoples may acquire land certificates if they are considered as a legal entity. According to Indonesian law, only individuals or legal entities can register ownership of land. To make adat people a legal entity is by making regulations by the Minister of Agrarian and Spatial Planning which states that adat people in certain areas who have met the requirements are declared as legal entities.
Evidence of Chemical Reaction in Binary Blends of Polycarbonate and a Semi-Flexible Liquid Crystal Polymer
Authors: Hakemi H.
Published: July 2021

In this study, we provide the experimental results of the binary blends of a semi-flexible nematic liquid crystal polymer (LCP1) and polycarbonate (PC) within their phase diagram. The LCP1/PC blends were investigated by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Optical Microscopy (OM), Wide-angle X-Ray Diffraction (WXRD), Fourier Transfer Infrared (FTIR), Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC), and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) techniques and observed the evidence of chemical reaction between LCP1 and PC in their heat-treated blends possibly by transesterification mechanism.
Importancia económica de la empresa familiar. Una aproximación desde la política económica
Authors: Aranda Garcia Evangelina , Martín Cerdeño Victor J. , Santos del Cerro Jesús
Published: July 2021

Son múltiples los trabajos que ponen de manifiesto la relevancia de las empresas familiares en el bienestar económico, siendo por tanto objeto de interés por parte de las instituciones públicas. En este contexto, el trabajo pretende incorporar un análisis de la empresa familiar bajo el prisma de la política económica. La revisión de la literatura muestra que la relación entre los decisores públicos y las empresas familiares se desarrolla bidireccionalmente puesto que los primeros articulan medidas para favorecer el funcionamiento de las segundas, pero, al mismo tiempo, estas empresas se convierten en grupos de presión que, bajo una Ley de Say invertida, influyen en la actividad de los decisores públicos. En un enfoque aplicado, se comprueba que desde la Unión Europea se ha instado tanto a la Comisión como a los Estados miembros a fomentar iniciativas que hagan frente a los retos y a la generación de un entorno favorable para la implementación y crecimiento de las empresas familiares Finalmente, se ha realizado un análisis empírico en el marco de la política económica tomando como referencia cuantitativa el Family Business Report editado por el Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) en 2020.
Science and Nazism. The unconfessed collaboration of scientists with National Socialism
Authors: Domínguez Martí
Published: July 2021

This monograph seeks to show the level of involvement of the German academic world with Nazi postulates. Reading the articles, we can deduce that renowned scientists participated in the policies of the Third Reich, fully integrated within Nazi ideology, which resulted in the death and forced displacement of millions of people. This active and often even enthusiastic participation should motivate a deeper reflection on how educated minds of exceptional scientific value were abducted by the Nazi postulates, warning us against the resurgence of totalitarian and far-right movements in the world and thus redoubling our efforts to combat them from the very first moment.
The memory of bones. Science at the service of history
Authors: García-Prósper Elisa , Polo-Cerdá Manuel
Published: July 2021

In the following pages, we propose a diachronic journey from ancient times to the present. The different authors approach history from twenty-first century lines of research, and bioanthropological and genetic heritage is the subject of the different studies, as well as the vehicle for understanding the memory of past societies.
Introduction: Citizen Science: Society takes centre stage
Authors: Delicado Ana , Mendoza-Poudereux Isabel
Published: July 2021

In the past decade, scientific research that relies on the collaboration of citizens has grown exponentially. Be it for collecting data on bird migrations, noise pollution, or empty houses in a neighborhood, or for analyzing pictures of malignant cells or distant stars, or for transcribing ship logs or translating Egyptian hieroglyphs (all examples of real citizen science projects), there are countless opportunities for society to get involved in the work done by scientists and contribute to the accumulation of scientific knowledge. Also, other levels of engagement are possible beyond collecting or analyzing data: suggesting research topics, designing research methods, interpreting research results, discussing and disseminating findings.
This Metode SSJ monograph brings together contributions from several countries and from the perspective of diverse kinds of citizen science. From consultations to understand ways to improve science communication to increasing science and sustainability awareness through games and activities, exploring mental health support networks and analysing instruments for measuring radioactivity after a nuclear disaster. Concomitantly, issues such as levels of participation, the potential for doing citizen science in the social sciences, the impacts of education, or the role of digital applications are discussed.
Introduction: Willpower hijacked. The science of addictions
Authors: Miñarro López José
Published: July 2021

Surely, we all know someone close to us who uses drugs. Consider, for example, tobacco or alcohol, or even marijuana. They may at some point have tried to stop using and, after somewhat longer or shorter periods of abstinence, have started using again.
Not every drug user develops an addiction: addicts’ lives revolve around compulsive drug-seeking and use; they lose control over their own decision-making and end up relapsing. This occurs because addiction is a brain disease that can modify its structure and functioning, affecting the areas of the brain responsible for controlling our behaviour. Addiction is a public health problem affecting a high percentage of the population and leads to health, family, and work-related problems.
#Biotech: The need for biotechnology communication
Authors: Montoliu Lluís
Published: July 2021

The communication of biotechnology has played a key role in recent years. The great advances made and the speed with which new genetic editing techniques are implemented raise enormous expectations but also concerns. Good communication of the application of biotechnology in different fields – medicine, agriculture, industry – must be accompanied by a constant dialogue between scientists and society.
The idea of this monographic came from the II Conference of the Association of Biotechnology Communicators (AcB in its Spanish initialism), of which I am a member. It was held in Valencia a couple of years ago, and some of the topics that aroused the most interest, debate and participation – such as the constant flow of new information about CRISPR, animal experimentation or the importance of understanding what information a DNA analysis can provide – have served as the basis for some of the documents in this issue. Others, such as the public perception of biotechnology and the importance of the use of metaphors to explain some biotechnological processes, complete this multifaceted view of communication and biotechnology.
Un océano vasto y tempestuoso. Kant y la mirada hacia las artes
Authors: Del Valle Julio
Published: July 2021

En la Crítica de la razón pura, en B295, en el capítulo tercero de la doctrina trascendental de la facultad de juzgar, Immanuel Kant declara que llegado a ese punto se ha recorrido y medido el territorio del entendimiento puro, determinándose, además, el lugar de cada cosa. Señala a continuación que este territorio cartografiado es una isla bien e inalteradamente delimitada por la naturaleza. La tierra de la verdad, exclama. Como un topógrafo del pensamiento, mira hacia afuera de esta isla y observa que la seguridad de su posición se ve rodeada de un vasto océano; un océano tempestuoso, con mucho banco de niebla y hielo, añade. Quien se para en la orilla no alcanza a mirar y discernir con confianza; además, la ilusión acecha e imagina nuevas tierras. Sin embargo, el topógrafo es también es un navegante y está dispuesto a aventurarse. La esperanza es su norte. ¿Con qué mapas se va a aventurar y cuál podrá ser esta esperanza? La pregunta es general y el texto se dedicará a examinar uno de esos bancos de niebla, probablemente el que contiene mayor capacidad de ilusión; a saber, el de las artes. Se concentrará, pues, en ofrecer una mirada hacia la manera cómo Kant se sitúa frente a ellas en sus lecciones de lógica y de antropología hasta el momento de redacción de la Crítica de la razón pura.
Robert B. Louden: Kant’s Anthropology. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2021
Authors: Pérez Guido Héctor
Published: July 2021

Reseña: Robert B. Louden: Kant’s Anthropology. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2021, 53pp. ISBN: 978-110-85928-7-1
Teoria contemporânea da restauração
Authors: Muñoz Viñas Salvador
Published: July 2021

O livro Teoria contemporânea da Restauração é reconhecido internacionalmente por representar o mais ambicioso esforço teórico em sua área de conhecimento dos últimos 25 anos e por trazer o tema da conservação ao século XXI. Tendo sido publicado em diferentes línguas, é citado amplamente em trabalhos científicos que versam sobre a questão da teoria da restauração e correlatos, tornando-se um clássico no campo do patrimônio cultural. Inicialmente concebida com a motivação de realizar uma compilação dos pensamentos e tendências de acadêmicos e profissionais de diversas áreas do campo da restauração de bens culturais – identificando consistências, contradições e desvios –, esta obra, tão bem realizada e sistematizada, tornou-se uma das principais fontes de estudo e inspiração para a virada epistemológica que hoje se observa nessa área.
Development of a preoperative index-based nomogram for the prediction of hypokalemia in patients with pituitary adenoma: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Li Wenpeng , Zeng Lexiang , Han Deping , Zhang Shanyi , Lei Bingxi , Zheng Meiguang , Deng Yuefei , You Lili
Published: July 2021

Objective

To develop and validate a preoperative index-based nomogram for the prediction of hypokalemia in patients with pituitary adenoma (PA).

Methods

This retrospective cohort study included 205 patients with PAs between January 2013 and April 2020 in the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China. The patients were randomly classified into either a training set (N = 143 patients) and a validation set (N = 62 patients) at a ratio of 7:3. Variables, which were identified by using the LASSO regression model were included for the construction of a nomogram, and a logistic regression analysis was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) in the training set. The area under the curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the performance of the nomogram for predicting hypokalemia. Multivariate logistic regression analysis with a restricted cubic spline analysis was conducted to identify a potential nonlinear association between the preoperative index and hypokalemia.

Results

The incidence of hypokalemia was 38.05%. Seven preoperative indices were identified for the construction of the nomogram: age, type of PA, weight, activated partial thromboplastin time, urea, eosinophil percentage, and plateletocrit. The AUCs of the nomogram for predicting hypokalemia were 0.856 (95% CI [0.796–0.915]) and 0.652 (95% CI [0.514–0.790]) in the training and validation sets, respectively. Restricted cubic splines demonstrated that there was no nonlinear association between hypokalemia and the selected variables.

Conclusion

In this study, we constructed a preoperative indices-based nomogram that can assess the risk of hypokalemia after the surgical treatment of pituitary adenomas. This nomogram may also help to identify high risk patients who require close monitoring of serum potassium.
Pepper root rot resistance and pepper yield are enhanced through biological agent G15 soil amelioration
Authors: Zhang Xuejiang , Yu Dazhao , Wang Hua
Published: July 2021

Pepper root rot is a serious soil-borne disease that hinders pepper production, and efforts are being made to identify biological agents that can prevent and control pepper root rot. Our group recently discovered and produced a biological agent, named G15, which reduces the diversity and richness of fungi and bacteria when applied to pepper fields. In the soil of the G15-treatment condition, the pathogenic fungus Fusarium was inhibited, while the richness of beneficial bacteria Rhodanobacter was increased. Also, the ammonia nitrogen level was decreased in the G15-treatment soil, and the pH, total carbon, and total potassium levels were increased. Compared to the control condition, pepper yield was increased in the treatment group (by 16,680 kg acre−1). We found that G15 could alter the microbial community structure of the pepper rhizosphere. These changes alter the physical and chemical properties of the soil and, ultimately, improve resistance to pepper root rot and increase pepper yield.
Driver Compliance in Daytime Headlights Zones in the U.S
Authors: Cottrell Wayne D.
Published: July 2021

Aims: Observe driver compliance with daytime headlights requirements along two-lane highways in California and Arizona.  Determine overall compliance rates, while identifying any statistical differences between highways.

Study Design: Travel along highways having daytime headlight use requirements during daylight hours, recording ambient conditions and compliance.  Distinguish between cars, large commercial trucks, and motorcycles, and between manual (low-beam) and automated (very low-beam) headlights.  Add supportive information from synergistic research.

Place and Duration of Study: California State Routes 4, 18, 74, 247, and U.S. Highway 95 in Arizona, during September 2010, and June and July 2015, over seven data collection days during the summer, and one on the first day of autumn.

Methodology: Calculate average driver headlight compliance rates and deviations to a 95% level of confidence.  Assume that compliance follows a normal probability distribution pattern.

Results: A total of 758 motor vehicles were observed.  Removing the 104 vehicles observed on a “cloudy” highway, 266 of the 654 drivers were using their headlights (40.7% ± 3.6% compliance).  There was no difference between the proportions of compliant drivers on the six highways (95% level of confidence).  A total of 66 of 104 drivers used their headlights under cloudy conditions (63.5% ± 9.6% compliance).  A Facebook survey of 24 respondents found that 20% of drivers were unaware of daytime headlights zones (DHZs), and an additional 13% were deliberately noncompliant.  Interviews of two California Highway Patrol officers revealed that citations for noncompliance were “not popular” (among the officers), and that there was some skepticism as to the effectiveness of the requirement.

Conclusions: Further observation is needed under cloudy skies to develop a more precise proportion of compliance.  The low compliance suggests that the effectiveness of DHZs cannot be truly assessed.  Compliance might be improved with enhanced driver education, as to their existence and purpose, less reluctant enforcement, a revised headlight sign design, and more frequent signing.
The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic: Implications for Teaching Social Studies as Integrated Curriculum
Authors: Minadzi Vincent Mensah
Published: July 2021

The purpose of the study was to examine the impacts of COVID-19 and its implications for teaching Social Studies as integrated curriculum. This was done through review of a number of articles relating to the COVID-19 pandemic as well as Social Studies as integrated discipline. Historical background and the effects of the pandemic specifically in Ghana have been outlined in the paper. Being integrated curriculum, the author argues that the pandemic offers unique opportunity for Social Studies educators and teachers of the subject to demonstrate their understanding of the concept of integration with respect to the impacts of the pandemic. There is no denying the fact that the pandemic had tremendous impacts on all facets of human life including economic, social, psychological, political, religious, and health. Based on the literature review, it is recommended that educators and teachers in the field of Social Studies should draw connection between the COVID-19 and the Social Science subjects. In so doing, it would promote wholistic understanding of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Characterization of Diameter Distribution and Prediction of Weibull Parameters Equation for Plantation-grown Eucalyptus Species
Authors: Saka M. G.
Published: July 2021

Aim: To characterization of the diameter distribution and prediction of Weibull parameters of a plantation-grown Eucalyptus species.

Study design: Stratified sampling method was adopted, in which the plantation was stratified into four age series.

Place and duration of study: Afaka Forest Reserve, one month.

Methodology: Fifty (50) sample plots of 20 x 20 m were laid across the age series. In each of the plot, all the trees were counted and data of variable of interest was collected and processed. A separate Weibull distribution is fitted to the diameter at breast height (dbh) frequency data from each of the plot for the estimation of Weibull parameters (location, scale and shape). The data set obtained from the Weibull parameter estimate was then used to develop regression equations with the stand variables. Coefficient of Determination (R2) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) was used as goodness of fit test.

Results: The result on the stand characteristics revealed that, the mean diameter at breast height (dbh) ranges between 13.4 – 18.2 cm across the four stands. This indicates that the species are still of pole sizes. The average site productivity of the species ranges between 24.0 m to 37 m at an index of 25 years. The mean Basal area varies between 14.13 to 26.85 m2 per ha, while the average tree total height ranges between 24.6 to 28.2 m across the four species. The result on diameter class distribution shows that most of the species fell within dbh class of 11 -20 cm class except E. cloeziana in which the highest frequency fell into 16 – 20cm dbh class. Best equation were selected for each of the Weibull parameters (α, β, ) per species based on fit statistics. The formation of straight line pattern from the plotted normal probability plots indicates the adequacy of the selected models for predicting Weibull parameters. A fluctuation pattern exists between the Weibull parameters and the stand characteristics. this may be due to variation in climatic factor, most especially fluctuations in rainfall pattern in the area at that particular period.

Conclusion: The ease of fit and high value of coefficient of determination of the models in this study has re-affirmed the use of Weibull parameter in prediction of stand characteristics as been suggested by many authors in the literature.
A State of Art Survey of Nano Technology: Implementation, Challenges, and Future Trends
Authors: Ageed Zainab Salih , Ahmed Awder Mohammed , Omar Naaman , Kak Shakir Fattah , Ibrahim Ibrahim Mahmood , Yasin Hajar Maseeh , Rashid Zryan Najat , Salih Azar Abid , Salim Nareen O. M.
Published: July 2021

Nanotechnology is a field of study that aims to make our lives easier, safer, and more environmentally friendly. With current upgrades and alterations to available networking and communication paradigms, incorporating Wireless Nano Sensor Networks (WNSN) with various products, sensors, and devices would introduce new network paradigms. The Internet of Nano Things is a term for this concept (IoNT), To achieve seamless interconnection between Nano networks and existing communication networks and the Internet, many topologies and communication paradigms must be developed while technological hurdles are addressed. The amount of data accessible limits how much research and decision-making can be done. This research visualizes a wide range of nanotechnology applications. The goal of this project was to show in more than way this research method may be used to information recommendation services. The routing protocol is critical in WNSN and IoNT because of the many nanoscale constraints. While ensuring the flow of data and information, this routing protocol must take into account the specific features of nanoscale communication.This research aims to provide insight into the WNSN (Wireless Nano Sensor Networks) and IoNT (The Internet of Nano Things) paradigms, as well as a detailed assessment of a large number of current routing protocols that are tailored to the characteristics and features of nano communication. Big data applications with their features and characteristics in general also use cloud computing. This paper explains different hands based on neural networks and implemented on FPGAs (which is Field-Programmable Gate Array) and other genetic algorithms and neural networks. Many more approaches and models compare.
Curtailing Dissonance amongst Clans in Kenya: A Deeper Insight into Maasai Clans’ Feuds in Narok, Kenya
Authors: Joshua Kelele
Published: July 2021

Regions occupied with pastoral communities in Kenya are known to have intra-state conflicts. The main causes of conflicts and clashes are believed to be; grazing fields, water, encroachment by other communities, political leaders, and assimilation. The study thus sought to investigate the causes and remedies of conflicts and clashes among the Maasai clans of Kenya. A cross-sectional research design was used for the study. This design was opted to enable the researchers to determine the impacts of these variables in a more situational analysis perspective. From the study, 90.91% of the respondents agreed that there are clan tussles which 46% agreed to be caused by land ownership. It was also noted that the Ilsiria clan do not adhere to culture and more vulnerable in protecting their territories and culture, the Ilpruko are most favored on choosing political leaders, sale of land preference, and distribution of social amenities. The Ildamat is found to be the most oppressed clan. The respondents believed that remedies to the observed conflicts are through; equal distribution of resources, improving security, the fair appointment of leaders, land demarcation, education/religion, and intermarriages.
Effect of Naja nigricollis (Elapidae) Venom on Some Vital Organs of Oryctolagus cuniculus
Authors: Okou Obou Constantin , Akré Djako Sosthène Thierry , Koffi Allali Eugène , Bingo Guy Childeric , Djaman Allico Joseph
Published: July 2021

The general objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of Naja nigricollis venom on some vital organs of rabbits. To carry out this study, nine (9) rabbits including five (5) males and four (4) females were divided into two (2) control lots and one (1) experimental lot. Each control lot was composed of three (3) rabbits (males or females) while the experimental lot was comprised of two (2) males and one (1) female. The rabbits of the experimental lot were injected with Naja nigricollis venom for about 20 to 30 minutes and then after the determination of their biochemical and hematological parameters, were autopsied for the removal of organs such as heart, liver, kidneys and lungs. These organs were weighed and their appearance was studied. The results of this study showed that the heart and lungs of control male rabbits weighed more than those of females, whereas the liver and kidneys did not. Then, the cytotoxins of the Naja nigricollis venom were at the origin of gangrene which induced necrosis by an increase in their volume in a general way and degradation of the organs studied. Finally, the dose of venom injected (2 mg/Kg of body weight) could also cause hypotension, so favoring the formation of oedemas and consequently gangrene.
Prevalence and Socio-Demographic Determinants of Current use of Contraceptive Methods among Women in an Urban Community in Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Authors: Uzoma-Nwosi N. E. , Ojule I. N. , Moore B. M.
Published: July 2021

Contraceptive use is the intentional desire of an individual to prevent or limit pregnancy and it is one of the major components of family planning, an important pillar in the prevention of over-population, which has become a most pressing global problem. 

Materials and Methods: The study adopted a cross-sectional design that aimed at identifying the prevalence and determinants of current contraceptive use among women aged 18-49 years in a community in Port Harcourt, the capital city of Rivers State, Nigeria. A semi-structured questionnaire was administered to 216 women recruited from two clusters chosen randomly out of six clusters in the study area. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Chi-square test was used to test for association between socio-demographic variables and contraceptive use. Logistic regression was used to identify determinants of uptake.

Result: One hundred and five women (55.22%) were currently using contraceptive methods. Older than 29 years, being married/cohabiting, and having two or more living children were significantly associated with contraceptive use (P<0.05).

Conclusion: This study identified a high proportion (55.22%) of women in our locality to be current users of modern contraceptive methods when compared to national average (27.0%). The male condom was the commonest used modern method (30.5%). The withdrawal method and prolonged breastfeeding were the preferred traditional methods (20.0% and 7.6% respectively). Older age of women (above 29 years), living with a partner, and having at least two living children were positive determinants of current contraceptive use.
Knowledge and Risk Factors of Cervical Cancer among Women in Towns of Fako Division- Cameroon
Authors: Andrew Tassang , Fru Celestina Neh , Brady Mike Robert , Cho Frederick Nchang , Thierry Tassang , Paulette Ngum Fru , Gracious Tangi , Renald Toh
Published: July 2021

Background: Cervical cancer (CC) is a worldwide disease, with 85% of new cases occurring in developing countries in general and Africa south of the Sahara in particular.

Aim: The objective of this study was to find possible factors that could affect knowledge about CC and some CC risk factors in our community.

Study Design: A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out in Buea, Mutengene, and Tiko.

Result: Knowledge about CC is modulated by the level of education and the young age of women. Risk factors, although universal, seem to vary according to the geographical area and the socio-cultural environment where one lives. Some risk factors identified are; early onset of sexual intercourse, polygamous marriages, multiple sexual partners, the sexual behavior of the male partner, Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), Human Deficiency Virus (HIV), and history of genital warts.

Conclusion: None enhancement of lifestyle as the voluntary refusal of cervical cancer screening and CC vaccination has also been risky for CC.
Development of Optimal Design and Circular Broach Modular Design of Disc Cutters with the Development of a Parametric Model
Authors: Akintona Ezekiel Oluwadamilare , Fredrick Okeagu , Augustine Nwufo Maduka
Published: July 2021

Cutting tool is one of the most important instruments in production. It is used for machining of different components on machine tools. A material is cut into a chip to incur the desired work piece surface currently used in engineering various cutting tools. The directions of development of structures of metal cutting tools are: higher precision of dimensional and geometrical parameters, the use of new tool materials, cost, and quick. The cutting tools are not only affected by the design of machine, technology of manufacturing of products, but also impact the constructive forms of machine parts. The emergence of mechanical spine, thanks to the pull method. Spine broach can provide high-performance processing spine bore with the required accuracy. The development of heavy machine tools required the creation of new designs of large instruments. The use of mechanical automatic lines also required design tools with high dimensional stability capable of handling the items within the specified tolerance for a certain time. Instruments were developed in the process of renewing the cutting edge of the cutting tools with automatic adjustment; setting up tools on the size of the machine is a device for automatic replacement of worn tool in the process line of the Computer-Aided Manufacturing CAM of the cutting tool special requirements. Equipment must operate with high level efficiency, so to reduce the loss of time resetting of the need to minimal. A cutting tool requires knowledge of the theoretical foundations of design and calculation tools using CAD.
GIS-Based Emergency Fire Response for Minimization of Fire Outbreaks in the Greater Accra Metropolis, Ghana
Authors: Yeboah Emmanuel , Sarfo Isaac , Nunoo Edward Kweku , Kudoh Vanessa , Shang Nii , Addai Foster Kofi , Amankwah Solomon Obiri Yeboah , Kedjanyi Emmanuel Adu Gyamfi
Published: July 2021

The study report assessed the geographic distribution of existing fire stations in the Accra Metropolitan Area (AMA). It further sought to evaluate the spatial coverage for each fire station under predefined sustainable response times. Information on fire stations and incidents, access to sources of water and settlements were purposively obtained and visualized in Arc Map 10.6 with the multiple buffer tools. GIS web application was developed to integrate reporters and fire stations within the AMA for an efficient and effective response to emergency cases related to fire outbreaks. Results suggest that GIS application is essential to fire management as it significantly improved response time to 15 minutes, reducing causalities as well as damaged properties if the strategy is adopted.  Results proved a response time of 15 minutes is feasible in the study area if the proposed strategy is adopted. The study presents this management system as one that could be easily be deployed to other stations across the country. The platform provides details on the location, the magnitude of the fire incident among other relevant details. This study would regulate and minimize risks associated with fire outbreaks which are often accompanied by both direct and indirect consequences and could facilitate early reporting using mobile collection devices.
Carbon Sequestration Potential of Urban Green Spaces (PMC Gardens) in Pune City, India
Authors: Vijayalaxmi R. Shinde , Dnyanesh M. Mahajan
Published: July 2021

Aim: To estimate the Carbon sequestration potential of trees in Urban green spaces of Pune city.

Study Design: The methods suggested by Ravindranath and Ostwald were used for measuring the above and belowground biomass and estimation of carbon pool. Random sampling technique was used to collect soil samples. As the study area were one acre and above, each and every tree was sampled for various parameters. The GPS instrument was used for measuring latitude and longitude of each and every tree.

Place and Duration of Study: The gardens developed by Pune Municipal Corporation (total   66 having an area one acre and above) Pune, Three years( from January 2015 to December 2015, January 2016 to December 2016, January 2017 to December 2017)

Methodology: The gardens having an area one acre and above were selected for the work. Each and every tree is sampled along with its position on ground by using GPS instrument. Sampling of tree includes measuring Height and Girth at breast height (GBH). Later, the parameters like Volume, Mass, Wood density, Above and Below ground biomass, Total biomass and Total carbon were calculated as per the standard methods given by Ravindranath and Ostwald [1] Soil samples were collected randomly from a depth of 30 cm as it is a zone of highest microbial activity. Walkley‐Black Wet Oxidation method was used to find out soil organic carbon.

Results: Total amount of above and belowground carbon sequestered was estimated to be 7,00,507.83 tonnes; litter and deadwood 24,904.05, and soil organic carbon 1879.905; and the sum of all were 7,27,291.785 tonnes. The exotic species sequester 2,69,287.4 tonnes and native sequester 80,966.55 tonnes of carbon. The rates of carbon in active markets are US$ 30 (Thirty dollars) per tonne. 

Conclusion: Putting a conservative value of US$ 30 per tonne of CO2 locked in these sampled gardens, this carbon sink of about 7,27,291.785 tonnes of CO2 is worth of US $ 21818753.55 or Indian Rs. 1606733011.422/-It will help in Climate mitigation and reducing the carbon footprints of Pune city.
Labour Induction Methods: An Overview
Authors: Wanjari Sanjivani , Wanjari Anil
Published: July 2021

Overall the rate of induced labours has increased and almost 25% of women undergo labour induction worldwide. Cervical ripening and cervical preparedness is necessary before labour can be induced. The status of the cervix is traditionally assessed with help of Bishop’s score. Labour induction becomes necessary when the cervix is not favourable as noted on the cervical scoring system. Mechanical or surgical methods or a combination of both can be sued for labour induction. These include Foley’s catheter induction, sweeping of membranes, amniotomy etc. Pharmacological agents like oxytocin, prostaglandins PGE1 & PGE2 and newer agents like mifepristone can be used.  Mechanical methods like Foley’s catheter induction are associated with lesser FHR variability and decreased rates of caesarean section as compared with oxytocin infusion or prostaglandins used locally. Oxytocin is the most widely used pharmacological method used for induction of labour. Proper titration of oxytocin can result in contractions that mimic normal labour. Oxytocin is often combined with amniotomy.  Prostaglandins PGE1 & PGE2 are safe and effective options for labour induction. Prostaglandin PGE1 or misoprostol is used in the dose of 25 microgram mcg given orally or vaginally or via the sub-lingual route. Prostaglandin PGE2 or dinoprostone is used intra-cervically or vaginally in the posterior fornix. The newer drug mifepristone is being studied as cervical ripening agents because of its anti-progesterone effect.
Formulation and Evaluation of Conventional Metronidazole Tablets using Natural Gum Extracted from Grewia species
Authors: Avbunudiogba J. A. , Oghenekevwe O.
Published: July 2021

Aims: The pharmaceutical world has been paying increasing attention to the extraction, development and use of natural gums as binders in the formulation of solid dosage forms. The use of natural gums as binders is more advantageous than the use of synthetic ones due to availability, low cost, biodegradability and biocompatibility. In this study, gum extracted from Grewia species was compared with that fromAcacia in metronidazole tablets.

Study Design: Ten batches of metronidazole tablets were formulated with varied concentration of Grewiaspp gum and Acacia gum.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria; between January and December 2019.

Methodology: Five batches of metronidazole tablets containing 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.25 and 1.5% w/w of Grewia gum were preparedby wet granulation. Resulting granules were characterised by measuring flow and packing properties. In other experiments, five batches of tablets were formulated using same concentration of gum, with Acacia gum substituted for Grewia gum. Both sets of granules were compressed into tablets using tableting machine at a load of 27 arbitrary units. Tablets so formed were evaluated for hardness, friability, disintegration time, drug content and drug release profiles. Drug – excipient interaction was investigated with FTIR.

Results: The resulting metronidazole tablets showed hardness of 5.46 kgF to 7.87 kgF (Grewiagum) and 6.06 kgF-8.20 kgF (Acacia gum). Friability percentages of all the batches were above 1% except for A3-A5 and B5 which are less than 1%. All formulations released more than 75 % of the drug content within 60 min. The FTIR analysis revealed no interaction between the metronidazole and Grewia species gum.

Conclusion: Metronidazole granules and tablets were successfully prepared using Grewiagum and showed comparable pre-compression and post-compression properties with those formulated with Acacia.
Surgical Treatment of Adult Moyamoya Disease In Saudi Arabia: A Review Article
Authors: Alatawi Bedour Eid H. , Al-Ghamdi Faisal Saeed A. , Alhamdi Muath Sulaiman G. , ALamri Raghad Dhafer E. , Alzahrani Lena Defallah G. , Albalawi Norah Majed , Al-Ruwaili Sultan Suliman Q. , Alasmari Khaled Abdullah S. , Albalawi Marwan Saleh D. , Albalawi Ghadeer Abdullah
Published: July 2021

Moyamoya disease (MMD) is an isolated chronic, usually bilateral, vasculopathy disease of undetermined etiology. The clinical presentations of MMD include TIA, ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, seizures, headache, and cognitive impairment. Intra- and extra-cranial revascularization for the prevention of recurrence of bleeding in patients with hemorrhagic MMD is controversial. Surgical revascularization of MMD includes 3 types: Direct revascularization, indirect revascularization and combined revascularization. The surgical goal of cerebral revascularization is to prevent progression of symptomology, alleviate intracranial hemodynamic stress, and reduce the incidence of subsequent ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. However, surgical treatments pose various complications due to the sudden increase in cerebral blood flow or hemodynamic changes caused by perioperative risk factors and anesthesia, such as HS, cerebral hemorrhage and cerebral infarction, bypass occlusion caused by distal vascular resistance, bypass occlusion caused by compression of the temporalis, and anastomotic aneurysm.
To Assess the Effectiveness of Selected Mass Media Intervention (Poster, Leaflet, and Booklet) for Improving Mental Health Literacy among Rural Women
Authors: Meshram Dharti , Sebastian Tessy
Published: July 2021

Background: Mental Health Literacy states to the awareness or attitudes of a person regarding psychiatric illnesses that help their identification, prevention, or management. Psychiatric health awareness contains the capacity to identify particular conditions, information on how to look for knowledge on mental health, understanding danger factors or sources, treatment of self, or manageable medical support or behaviors that facilitate proof of identity or finding effective help.

Aim: study aims to assess the effectiveness of selected mass media intervention (poster, leaflet, and booklet) for improving mental health literacy among rural women.

Objective: 1. To assess the existing mental health literacy among rural women. 2. To evaluate the effectiveness of selected mass media intervention (poster, leaflet, and booklet) for improving mental health literacy among rural women. 3. To associate post-test scores of mental health literacy among rural women with their selected demographic variables of an experimental and control group.

Methodology: It is an experimental research design and the sample will be selected as per inclusion criteria. The convenience sampling technique will be selected. Data will be collected by using a self-structure questionary and modified mental health literacy scale and rating scale used for comparison of a poster, leaflet, and booklet, and the time limit will be allotted 30 minutes to each participant for fill-up the tools. the literature review was identified through Pub MED, Medline, Cochran, computerized, books, library.

Results: A critical review of the investigator has reviewed 522 published articles and the recorded of duplicate articles 218/11 original articles that included.

Conclusion: The conclusion will be drawn from the statistical analysis.
A Comparative Analytical Study of Fresh Honey Collected from Honey Comb of Apis Mellifera and Market Samples of Honey
Authors: Rathi Bharat , Rathi Renu , Rajput Dhirajsingh , Wanjari Anita , Khan Mujahid
Published: July 2021

Honey is a natural product which was known to ancient seers of Ayurveda since Veda period. The nutritional and therapeutic benefits of honey were well known and also documented in authentic texts of Ayurveda. However the abundant availability of honey has gone decreasing since industrialization and deforestation. It has resulted in artificial culture and marketing of honey. The quality of such honey is matter of concern as it is easy to adulterate honey but is very hard to find out the difference between natural and adulterated honey. Considering this issue, present work has been planned to compare freshly collected natural honey and marketed samples of honey. For the comparative analytical study four different samples were collected. Three samples of three different pharmacies were procured from market (honey of branded Ayurvedic companies) and compared with collected honey sample from honeycomb of Apis mellifera. The collected four samples of honey have almost similar organoleptic characters i.e. colour, odour, taste and touch. Considerable differences are detected in physico-chemical analysis, nutritional value and HMF value. The observations are within normal range however the differences are suggestive of need of establishing quality control parameters based on source of honey, collection season, temperature and storage condition and also providing these details while labelling the samples. Finding of present study revealed that freshly collected natural honey have best desired attributes compared all three marketed samples.
Coronavirus Pandemic: An Update on the Transmission, Diagnosis, Clinical Features and Managment
Authors: Alqahtani Saad S. , Joseph Santhosh , Banji Otilia J. F. , Meraya Abdulkarim M. , Albarraq Ahmed A. , Makeen Hafiz A. , Banji David , Syed Mamoon H. , Yasmeen Ayesha , Shoaib Ambreen , Alam Nawazish , Alfarouk Khalid O. , Syed Nabeel Kashaan A. , Ahmed Sarfraz
Published: July 2021

The novel coronavirus, designated as “Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2” (SARS-CoV-2), is a new coronavirus that has evolved as a global pandemic recently, and it has created a widespread interest in coronaviruses causing human infections. This article compares the pathogenesis, distribution, clinical characteristics, and treatment of the three highly pathogenic coronaviruses that caused epidemics, namely, “Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus” (SARS), “Middle East Respiratory Syndrome” (MERS), and SARS-CoV-2. This narrative review is prepared using the data compiled from literature search using relevant MeSH terms. The clinical manifestation of SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) is mild with relatively low fatality rate than the other two coronaviruses; however, its overall capability to cause explosive spread of the disease and reach a pandemic level is greater. Unlike SARS and MERS, COVID-19 has no accepted treatment protocols at present. Extensive studies and analyses on COVID-19 are necessary before making strong recommendations for or against any particular treatment, although some recent medications have shown great potential. COVID-19 still needs further investigation, where all of the lessons gained from previous outbreaks of SARS and MERS and the experience from the countries that managed COVID-19 seem to be the best approaches to counteract this new global hazard at present until effective preventive vaccines are available in sufficient quantity for mass vaccination programs worldwide.