bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Odontoblast-Like Cells Differentiated from Dental Pulp Stem Cells Retain Their Phenotype after Subcultivation
Authors: Baldión Paula A. , Velandia-Romero Myriam L. , Castellanos Jaime E.
Published: February 2018

Odontoblasts, the main cell type in teeth pulp tissue, are not cultivable and they are responsible for the first line of response after dental restauration. Studies on dental materials cytotoxicity and odontoblast cells physiology require large quantity of homogenous cells retaining most of the phenotype characteristics. Odontoblast-like cells (OLC) were differentiated from human dental pulp stem cells using differentiation medium (containing TGF-β1), and OLC expanded after trypsinization (EXP-21) were evaluated and compared. Despite a slower cell growth curve, EXP-21 cells express similarly the odontoblast markers dentinal sialophosphoprotein and dentin matrix protein-1 concomitantly with RUNX2 transcripts and low alkaline phosphatase activity as expected. Both OLC and EXP-21 cells showed similar mineral deposition activity evidenced by alizarin red and von Kossa staining. These results pointed out minor changes in phenotype of subcultured EXP-21 regarding the primarily differentiated OLC, making the subcultivation of these cells a useful strategy to obtain odontoblasts for biocompatibility or cell physiology studies in dentistry.
Energy Efficiency Analysis of Cache‐Enabled Cellular Networks with Limited Backhaul
Authors: Fan Congshan , Zhang Tiankui , Zeng Zhimin , Chen Yue
Published: February 2018

Caching in the cellular networks has been proposed as a promising technology for reducing the content delivery latency and backhaul cost. Since the backhaul capacity is limited in the practical scenario, the network performance analysis of base station (BS) caching should address the effects of the limited backhaul. This paper investigates the energy efficiency of the cache‐enabled cellular networks with the limited backhaul based on the stochastic geometry method. First, the successful content delivery probability (SCDP), which depends on the successful access delivery probability, successful backhaul delivery probability, and cache hit ratio, is analyzed under the limited backhaul. Based on the obtained SCDP results, we derive the analytical expressions of throughput, power consumption, and energy efficiency for various scenes including the general case, the interference‐limited case, and the mean load approximation case. The accuracy of theoretical analysis is verified by the Monte Carlo simulation. The simulation results show that BS caching can dramatically improve energy efficiency when the content popularity is skewed, the content library size is small, and the backhaul capacity is relatively small. Furthermore, it is confirmed that there exists an optimal BS density which maximizes the energy efficiency of the cache‐enabled cellular networks.
FGFRL1 Promotes Ovarian Cancer Progression by Crosstalk with Hedgehog Signaling
Authors: Tai Haiyan , Wu Zhiyong , Sun Su’an , Zhang Zhigang , Xu Congjian
Published: February 2018

Fibroblast growth factor receptor-like-1 (FGFRL1) has been identified as the fifth fibroblast growth factor receptor. So far, little is known about its biological functions, particularly in cancer development. Here, for the first time, we demonstrated the roles of FGFRL1 in ovarian carcinoma (OC). An array and existing databases were used to investigate the expression profile of FGFRL1 and the relationship between FGFRL1 expression and clinicopathological parameters. FGFRL1 was significantly upregulated in OC patients, and high FGFRL1 expression was correlated with poor prognosis. In vitro cell proliferation, apoptosis and migration assays, and in vivo subcutaneous xenograft tumor models were used to determine the role of FGFRL1. Loss of function of FGFRL1 significantly influenced cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration of OC cells in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Chromatin immunoprecipitation PCR analysis and microarray hybridization were performed to uncover the mechanism. FGFRL1 expression could be induced by hypoxia through hypoxia-inducible factor 1α, which directly binds to the promoter elements of FGFRL1. FGFRL1 promoted tumor progression by crosstalk with Hedgehog (Hh) signaling. Taken together, FGFRL1 is a potential predictor and plays an important role in tumor growth and Hh signaling which could serve as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of OC.
Associations between ACE-Inhibitors, Angiotensin Receptor Blockers, and Lean Body Mass in Community Dwelling Older Women
Authors: Bea Jennifer W. , Wassertheil-Smoller Sylvia , Wertheim Betsy C. , Klimentidis Yann , Chen Zhao , Zaslavsky Oleg , Manini Todd M. , Womack Catherine R. , Kroenke Candyce H. , LaCroix Andrea Z. , Thomson Cynthia A.
Published: February 2018

Studies suggest that ACE-inhibitors (ACE-I) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) may preserve skeletal muscle with aging. We evaluated longitudinal differences in lean body mass (LBM) among women diagnosed with hypertension and classified as ACE-I/ARB users and nonusers among Women’s Health Initiative participants that received dual energy X-ray absorptiometry scans to estimate body composition (n=10,635) at baseline and at years 3 and 6 of follow-up. Of those, 2642 were treated for hypertension at baseline. Multivariate linear regression models, adjusted for relevant demographics, behaviors, and medications, assessed ACE-I/ARB use/nonuse and LBM associations at baseline, as well as change in LBM over 3 and 6 years. Although BMI did not differ by ACE-I/ARB use, LBM (%) was significantly higher in ACE-I/ARB users versus nonusers at baseline (52.2% versus 51.3%, resp., p=0.001). There was no association between ACE-I/ARB usage and change in LBM over time. Reasons for higher LBM with ACE-I/ARB use cross sectionally, but not longitundinally, are unclear and may reflect a threshold effect of these medications on LBM that is attenuated over time. Nevertheless, ACE-I/ARB use does not appear to negatively impact LBM in the long term.
Self-Resolution of a Draining Sinus Tract in a Patient with Chronic Periprosthetic Hip Infection
Authors: Shelton Trevor J. , Skaggs Alton W. , Pereira Gavin C.
Published: February 2018

We report a novel case of a patient who had a draining sinus soon after a total hip arthroplasty that spontaneously resolved. The patient voluntarily discontinued antibiotic suppressive therapy (AST) after 10 years of treatment and paradoxically experienced full resolution of signs of chronic prosthetic joint infection (PJI), including recovery of his left-sided draining sinus tract. Now 8 years after discontinuing AST, the patient has no pain, good function, and no major or minor criteria of joint infection according to the Musculoskeletal Infection Society (MSIS) workgroup. The authors have not identified literature describing a similar resolution of draining sinus tracts from around a prosthetic joint after discontinuing AST. Despite the resolution of this patient’s sinus tract, the authors do not advocate for discontinuing AST in patients with a draining sinus tract. However, in spite of the fact that the MSIS consensus statement suggests that a draining sinus is a sure sign of PJI and that the assumption is that the infection will not go away until explant, this case was different.
Assessment of Student Performance for Course Examination Using Rasch Measurement Model: A Case Study of Information Technology Fundamentals Course
Authors: Talib Amir Mohamed , Alomary Fahad Omar , Alwadi Hanan Fouad
Published: February 2018

This paper describes a measurement model that is used to measure the student performance in the final examination of Information Technology (IT) Fundamentals (IT280) course in the Information Technology (IT) Department, College of Computer & Information Sciences (CCIS), Al-Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU). The assessment model is developed based on students mark entries of final exam results for the second year IT students, which are compiled and tabulated for evaluation using Rasch Measurement Model, and it can be used to measure the students performance towards the final examination of the course. A study on 150 second year students (male = 52; female = 98) was conducted to measure students knowledge and understanding for IT280 course according to the three level of Bloom’s Taxonomy. The results concluded that students can be categorized as poor (10%), moderate (42%), good (18%), and successful (24%) to achieve Level 3 of Bloom’s Taxonomy. This study shows that the students performance for the set of IT280 final exam questions was comparatively good. The result generated from this study can be used to guide us to determine the appropriate improvement of teaching method and the quality of question prepared.
Assimilation of Aircraft Observations in High-Resolution Mesoscale Modeling
Authors: Reen Brian P. , Dumais Robert E.
Published: February 2018

Aircraft-based observations are a promising source of above-surface observations for assimilation into mesoscale model simulations. The Tropospheric Airborne Meteorological Data Reporting (TAMDAR) observations have potential advantages over some other aircraft observations including the presence of water vapor observations. The impact of assimilating TAMDAR observations via observation nudging in 1 km horizontal grid spacing Weather Research and Forecasting model simulations is evaluated using five cases centered over California. Overall, the impact of assimilating the observations is mixed, with the layer with the greatest benefit being above the surface in the lowest 1000 m above ground level and the variable showing the most consistent benefit being temperature. Varying the nudging configuration demonstrates the sensitivity of the results to details of the assimilation, but does not clearly demonstrate the superiority of a specific configuration.
Proteolytic Release of the p75NTR Intracellular Domain by ADAM10 Promotes Metastasis and Resistance to Anoikis
Authors: Bao Xin , Shi Jianbo , Xie Furong , Liu Zengying , Yu Jingshuang , Chen Wantao , Zhang Zhiyuan , Xu Qin
Published: February 2018

Resistance to anoikis allows cancer cells to survive during systemic circulation; however, the mechanism underlying anoikis resistance remains unclear. Here we show that A disintegrin and metalloprotease 10 (ADAM10)–mediated cleavage of p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) and subsequent generation of the p75NTR intracellular domain (ICD) endow cancer cells with resistance to anoikis. p75NTR ICD promoted expression of TNF receptor–associated factor 6 (TRAF6), a critical intermediary in p75NTR ICD–mediated signal transduction, at the translational level. Cell detachment–induced activation of EGFR triggered autoubiquitination of TRAF6 by facilitating its dimerization, subsequently activated NFκB, and eventually led to anoikis resistance. ADAM10 and p75NTR ICD also promoted tumor metastasis formation in vivo. Together, our findings uncover a previously unknown function for the ADAM10-p75NTR ICD-TRAF6-NFκB axis in preventing anoikis and suggest ADAM10 and p75NTR ICD as potential cancer therapeutic targets.

Significance: These findings identify the ADAM10-p75NTR ICD-TRAF6-NFκB signaling axis as a potential candidate for cancer therapy. Cancer Res; 78(9); 2262–76. ©2018 AACR.
TGFβ1Genetic Variants Predict Clinical Outcomes of HPV-Positive Oropharyngeal Cancer Patients after Definitive Radiotherapy
Authors: Tao Ye , Sturgis Erich M. , Huang Zhigang , Wang Ying , Wei Peng , Wang Jennifer Rui , Wei Qingyi , Li Guojun
Published: February 2018

Purpose: TGFβ1 plays a critical role in inflammation and immune responses and treatment response and survival. TGFβ1 variants may affect its expression level or functional efficiency, thus modifying tumor status and survival in human papillomavirus (HPV)–positive squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx (SCCOP).

Experimental Design: We determined tumor HPV16 status and genotyped three TGFβ1 polymorphisms in 564 incident SCCOP patients treated with radiotherapy or chemoradiation. Univariate and multivariable Cox models were used to evaluate the associations between the three polymorphisms and survival.

Results: Overall, 85% of patients (482 of 564) had HPV16-positive SCCOP. We found that TGFβ1 rs1982073 had statistically significant associations with survival, whereas TGFβ1 rs1800469 and TGFβ1 rs1800471 did not. Patients with TGFβ1 rs1982073 CT/CC variant genotypes had significantly better overall, disease-specific, and disease-free survival compared with those with the corresponding common homozygous TT genotype (all log-rank: P < 0.001). Furthermore, these genotypes were significantly associated with an approximately 5 times reduced risk of overall death, death owing to disease, and recurrence after multivariable adjustment. Moreover, the stratified analyses by tumor HPV status indicated that the significant effects of TGFβ1 rs1982073 polymorphism on survival were found among HPV16-positive SCCOP patients only. Finally, the functional relevance of these variants was further characterized.

Conclusions: Our findings support that the TGFβ1 rs1982073 polymorphism plays a significant role in the prognosis of SCCOP, especially in HPV16-positive SCCOP patients treated with chemoradiation. Prospective studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm these findings. Clin Cancer Res; 24(9); 2225–33. ©2018 AACR.
Prediction of the Optimal Dosing Regimen Using a Mathematical Model of Tumor Uptake for Immunocytokine-Based Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Ribba Benjamin , Boetsch Christophe , Nayak Tapan , Grimm Hans Peter , Charo Jehad , Evers Stefan , Klein Christian , Tessier Jean , Charoin Jean Eric , Phipps Alex , Pisa Pavel , Teichgräber Volker
Published: February 2018

Purpose: Optimal dosing is critical for immunocytokine-based cancer immunotherapy to maximize efficacy and minimize toxicity. Cergutuzumab amunaleukin (CEA-IL2v) is a novel CEA-targeted immunocytokine. We set out to develop a mathematical model to predict intratumoral CEA-IL2v concentrations following various systemic dosing intensities.

Experimental Design: Sequential measurements of CEA-IL2v plasma concentrations in 74 patients with solid tumors were applied in a series of differential equations to devise a model that also incorporates the peripheral concentrations of IL2 receptor–positive cell populations (i.e., CD8+, CD4+, NK, and B cells), which affect tumor bioavailability of CEA-IL2v. Imaging data from a subset of 14 patients were subsequently utilized to additionally predict antibody uptake in tumor tissues.

Results: We created a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic mathematical model that incorporates the expansion of IL2R-positive target cells at multiple dose levels and different schedules of CEA-IL2v. Model-based prediction of drug levels correlated with the concentration of IL2R-positive cells in the peripheral blood of patients. The pharmacokinetic model was further refined and extended by adding a model of antibody uptake, which is based on drug dose and the biological properties of the tumor. In silico predictions of our model correlated with imaging data and demonstrated that a dose-dense schedule comprising escalating doses and shortened intervals of drug administration can improve intratumoral drug uptake and overcome consumption of CEA-IL2v by the expanding population of IL2R-positive cells.

Conclusions: The model presented here allows simulation of individualized treatment plans for optimal dosing and scheduling of immunocytokines for anticancer immunotherapy. Clin Cancer Res; 24(14); 3325–33. ©2018 AACR.

See related commentary by Ruiz-Cerdá et al., p. 3236
АЛГОРИТМІЧНЕ МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ ПРОЦЕСУ ПРОВЕДЕННЯ ПРОЦЕДУРИ МАСАЖУ
Authors: Vakulenko D. V. , Vakulenko L. O. , Kutakova O. V. , Barladin O. R. , Khrabra S. Z.
Published: February 2018

Structuring the knowledge and activities of a massage specialist will enable the further inclusion of the information in the web, mobile-oriented information system, which will improve the quality of training of future rehabilitation specialists.
ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ERP-СИСТЕМ ДЛЯ МЕДИЧНИХ УСТАНОВ
Authors: Stetsyuk V. Z. , Ivanova T. P. , Babintseva L. Yu. , Olhovych N. V. , Luhin M. M. , Finogenov O. D.
Published: February 2018

Now, the use of enterprise resource planning systems, or EPR systems in medicine may names as a new direction of development. While in turn these systems began with medical institutions, namely, the accounting of drugs and patients, and over time, they adapted to the requirements of both small and large businesses, gaining enormous popularity. The development of such system for medical establishments of Ukraine is a very topical problem, since it is possible to solve many questions from the list of medicines, to effective personnel management and to predict the number of diseases. The article considers a complex of tools that may be used to improve the work of the "OKHMATDIT" hospital. The complex of software, which is aimed at resource planning, financial accounting, personnel management, logistics management, etc. is considered. That is to use all the capabilities of such systems configured them for a particular purpose.First of all we need to understand what exactly you working with, what type of information will be worked on, also ensure on simple examples (the way it could be easy) what needs to be done.
Sex Difference in Patients With Ischemic Heart Failure Undergoing Surgical Revascularization
Authors: Piña Ileana L. , Zheng Qi , She Lilin , Szwed Hanna , Lang Irene M. , Farsky Pedro S. , Castelvecchio Serenella , Biernat Jolanta , Paraforos Alexandros , Kosevic Dragana , Favaloro Liliana E. , Nicolau José C. , Varadarajan Padmini , Velazquez Eric J. , Pai Ramdas G. , Cyrille Nicole , Lee Kerry L. , Desvigne-Nickens Patrice
Published: February 2018

Background:

Female sex is conventionally considered a risk factor for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and has been included as a poor prognostic factor in multiple cardiac operative risk evaluation scores. We aimed to investigate the association of sex and the long-term benefit of CABG in patients with ischemic left ventricular dysfunction enrolled in the prospective STICH trial (Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure Study).

Methods:

The STICH trial randomized 1212 patients (148 [12%] women and 1064 [88%] men) with coronary artery disease and left ventricular ejection fraction ≤35% to CABG+medical therapy (MED) versus MED alone. Long-term (10-year) outcomes with each treatment were compared according to sex.

Results:

At baseline, women were older (63.4 versus 59.3 years;
P
=0.016) with higher body mass index (27.9 versus 26.7 kg/m
2
;
P
=0.001). Women had more coronary artery disease risk factors (diabetes mellitus, 55.4% versus 37.2%; hypertension, 70.9% versus 58.6%; hyperlipidemia, 70.3% versus 58.9%) except for smoking (13.5% versus 21.8%) and had lower rates of prior CABG (0% versus 3.4%; all
P
<0.05) than men. Moreover, women had higher New York Heart Association class (class III/IV, 66.2% versus 57.0%), lower 6-minute walk capacity (300 versus 350 m), and lower Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire overall summary scores (51 versus 63; all
P
<0.05). Over 10 years of follow-up, all-cause mortality (49.0% versus 65.8%; adjusted hazard ratio, 0.67; 95% confidence interval, 0.52–0.86;
P
=0.002) and cardiovascular mortality (34.3% versus 52.3%; adjusted hazard ratio, 0.65; 95% confidence interval, 0.48–0.89;
P
=0.006) were significantly lower in women compared with men. With randomization to CABG+MED versus MED treatment, there was no significant interaction between sex and treatment group in all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, or the composite of all-cause mortality or cardiovascular hospitalization (all
P
>0.05). In addition, surgical deaths were not statistically different (1.5% versus 5.1%;
P
=0.187) between sexes among patients randomized to CABG per protocol as initial treatment.

Conclusions:

Sex is not associated with the effect of CABG+MED versus MED on all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, the composite of death or cardiovascular hospitalization, or surgical deaths in patients with ischemic left ventricular dysfunction. Thus, sex should not influence treatment decisions about CABG in these patients.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00023595.
Maternal and Paternal Height and the Risk of Preeclampsia
Authors: Lee Yunsung , Magnus Per
Published: February 2018

The etiology of preeclampsia is unknown. Tall women have been found to have lower incidence of preeclampsia. This points to a possible biological causal effect but may be because of socioeconomic confounding. We used paternal height as an unexposed control to examine confounding. The MoBa (Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study) was used to extract data on parental heights, maternal prepregnancy weight, other background factors, and pregnancy outcomes for 99 968 singleton births. Multiple logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios for preeclampsia according to parental height. The adjusted odds ratio for preeclampsia was 0.74 (95% CI, 0.66–0.82) for women >172 cm as compared with women <164 cm. The adjusted odds ratio for preeclampsia for men >186 cm was 1.03 (95% CI, 0.93–1.15) compared with men <178 cm. The association between maternal height and preeclampsia is unlikely to be because of confounding by familial, socioeconomic factors or by fetal genes related to height. The observed association between maternal height and preeclampsia merits further investigation.
First Pass Effect
Authors: Zaidat Osama O. , Castonguay Alicia C. , Linfante Italo , Gupta Rishi , Martin Coleman O. , Holloway William E. , Mueller-Kronast Nils , English Joey D. , Dabus Guilherme , Malisch Tim W. , Marden Franklin A. , Bozorgchami Hormozd , Xavier Andrew , Rai Ansaar T. , Froehler Michael T. , Badruddin Aamir , Nguyen Thanh N. , Taqi M. Asif , Abraham Michael G. , Yoo Albert J. , Janardhan Vallabh , Shaltoni Hashem , Novakovic Roberta , Abou-Chebl Alex , Chen Peng R. , Britz Gavin W. , Sun Chung-Huan J. , Bansal Vibhav , Kaushal Ritesh , Nanda Ashish , Nogueira Raul G.
Published: February 2018

Background and Purpose—

In acute ischemic stroke, fast and complete recanalization of the occluded vessel is associated with improved outcomes. We describe a novel measure for newer generation devices: the first pass effect (FPE). FPE is defined as achieving a complete recanalization with a single thrombectomy device pass.

Methods—

The North American Solitaire Acute Stroke Registry database was used to identify a FPE subgroup. Their baseline features and clinical outcomes were compared with non-FPE patients. Clinical outcome measures included 90-days modified Rankin Scale score, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, mortality, and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage. Multivariate analyses were performed to determine whether FPE independently resulted in improved outcomes and to identify predictors of FPE.

Results—

A total of 354 acute ischemic stroke patients underwent thrombectomy in the North American Solitaire Acute Stroke registry. FPE was achieved in 89 out of 354 (25.1%). More middle cerebral artery occlusions (64% versus 52.5%) and fewer internal carotid artery occlusions (10.1% versus 27.7%) were present in the FPE group. Balloon guide catheters were used more frequently with FPE (64.0% versus 34.7%). Median time to revascularization was significantly faster in the FPE group (median 34 versus 60 minutes;
P
=0.0003). FPE was an independent predictor of good clinical outcome (modified Rankin Scale score ≤2 was seen in 61.3% in FPE versus 35.3% in non-FPE cohort;
P
=0.013; odds ratio, 1.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.1–2.7). The independent predictors of achieving FPE were use of balloon guide catheters and non-internal carotid artery terminus occlusion.

Conclusions—

The achievement of complete revascularization from a single Solitaire thrombectomy device pass (FPE) is associated with significantly higher rates of good clinical outcome. The FPE is more frequently associated with the use of balloon guide catheters and less likely to be achieved with internal carotid artery terminus occlusion.
“Only Surpassed by the Light of Revelation”
Authors: Beebe Ann
Published: February 2018

Asher B. Durand (1796–1886) began his long career in the Hudson River School under the guidance of his mentor, Thomas Cole (1801–1848). Influenced by the death of Cole in 1848 and other factors, Durand turned to the William Cullen Bryant poem, “Thanatopsis.” Durand’s Landscape—Scene from ‘Thanatopsis,’ an expansive allegory with a farmer and a funeral in the foreground illuminated by a sunrise, offers reassurance with its vision of nature’s paradisiacal beauty. The Christianized sublimity of this allegorical Durand painting reveals a hopeful vision for a heavenly paradise. This essay explores the significance of Durand’s 1850 painting in conjunction with Bryant’s “Thanatopsis,” a study Durand composed, Classical Landscape (Imaginary Landscape c. 1850), his 1855 Letters on Landscape Painting, as well as Durand’s 1862 repainting of the canvas.
The Immigrants’ and Refugees’ Right to ‘Family Life’: How Relevant are the Principles Applied by the European Court of Human Rights?
Authors: Milios Georgios
Published: February 2018

The article examines the case law of the ECtHR on immigration and asylum cases under ‘family life’ under ECHR Article 8. It argues that certain criteria of the Court in both admission and in expulsion cases do not appear to be particularly relevant to the actual notion of family life. We argue that besides its being scarcely relevant to the nature of family life, the ‘elsewhere approach’ applied by the Court in these cases is indirectly discriminatory for certain categories of aliens. Certain of the criteria taken into consideration in expulsion cases do not aim at measuring family life, but rather the level of integration that the immigrant enjoys in the hosting country. Rather recently, the Court seems to have even taken into account ‘financial considerations’ in its case law on family life. The article argues that a different approach in Article 8 admission and expulsion cases is necessary.
The Social Structure of Transnational Criminal Justice: A Cluster of Spaces beyond National Borders
Authors: Christensen Mikkel Jarle
Published: February 2018

This article analyses elements of the social structure of transnational criminal justice. The main goal of the analysis is to investigate if the terminology crafted around transnational criminal law as a distinct legal system corresponds to the social structuration of this space as it can be observed in the justice practices that drive it. To enable such an analysis, the article contributes both a theoretical discussion of how best to conceptualise the social spaces of transnational criminal justice as well as, more cautiously, an empirical investigation into the workings of these spaces, focusing the fight against drugs, terrorism, corruption and ecological crimes. Building conceptually on Pierre Bourdieu’s field theory, the analytical focal point of the article is the practices of transnational criminal justice and the professionals who are active in this space. This raises crucial questions of how the social practices of transnational criminal justice structures usages and developments of the law. Based on the identification and analysis of four separate but interrelated spaces of practice, the article argues that our theoretical understanding of transnational criminal justice and law needs to be recalibrated to take into account the different ways in which it is mobilised to create either security or good governance.
First updated checklist of the vascular flora of Andalusia (S of Spain), one of the main biodiversity centres in the Mediterranean Basin
Authors: CUETO MIGUEL , MELENDO MANUEL , GIMÉNEZ ESTHER , FUENTES JULIÁN , LÓPEZ CARRIQUE ENRIQUE , BLANCA GABRIEL
Published: February 2018

Andalusia, together with Morocco, is considered part of one of the two main biodiversity centres existing in the Mediterranean Basin; the other one is in the east and includes part of Turkey and Greece. The Andalusian flora has a fundamental role in this recognition, having been studied since the 1st century A.D. Despite Andalusia having been visited by a myriad of Iberian and foreign botanists, there is still no synthetic work on this subject. In this contribution, we present the first checklist of the Andalusian vascular flora, listing 4437 taxa distributed in 171 families, 1107 genera, 4091 species, and 346 subspecies, of which 3958 are native and 479 alien. Therophytes predominate (1516, 34.2%), followed by hemicryptophytes (1219, 27.5%) and chamaephytes (628, 14.1%). In addition, 462 (10.4%) are endemic or sub-endemic to the territory, and 595 (13.4%) are subject to some degree of threat (135 critically endangered, 137 endangered, and 323 vulnerable).
Determination of the proof strength and flow properties of materials from spherical indentation tests: An analytical approach based on the expanding cavity model
Authors: Zhang Tairui , Wang Shang , Wang Weiqiang
Published: February 2018

An analytical method based on the extended expanding cavity model was proposed in this study to determine the proof strength Rp0.2 and flow properties of materials that obey the Johnson–Cook constitutive model from spherical indentation tests. The introduction of the Johnson–Cook model made the proposed method suitable for the tensile property evaluation of materials not only at room temperature but also at elevated temperatures. The validity of the expanding cavity model was verified through comparisons of von Mises equivalent strain distributions obtained from finite element analyses with the corresponding results from theoretical analysis. From the parameter analysis, it was found that the indentation governing parameter ψempirical in the empirical method was actually determined by the tangential modulus Ep and the hardening exponent n and thus should not be considered as a constant. We also analyzed the unreliability of previous plastic zone radius rp calculation method at large indentation depths (with obvious pileup phenomenon) and put forward a new calculation method of rp based on the force balance. Finite element calculations of spherical indentation tests with tensile properties of Ti6Al4V and AISI 4340 were conducted in this study as substitutes for spherical indentation tests. The load–depth data and rp from finite element calculations were employed in the reverse analysis, the results of which showed that spherical indentation tests can provide the same reliable Rp0.2 as tensile tests and even the whole stress–strain curves. Furthermore, the influence of friction and the measuring system strain threshold in the measurement of rp, which may be inevitable in experiments, were also thoroughly discussed in this study, which also helped to verify the robustness of this study.
Caregiver Reactions to Aggressive Behaviors in Persons With Dementia in a Diverse, Community-Dwelling Sample
Authors: Hansen Bryan R. , Hodgson Nancy A. , Budhathoki Chakra , Gitlin Laura N.
Published: February 2018

Purpose: To describe caregiver challenges with and confidence managing three aggressive behavior types in persons with dementia: verbal aggression, destroying property, and threatening to hurt others. Design and Method: Secondary analysis of baseline data from the 2001-2004 Resources for Enhancing Alzheimer’s Caregiver Health II (REACH II) initiative. Results: One or more aggressive behaviors within 1 week were reported by more than a third of caregivers, with most expressing upset but fewer expressing confidence managing the behaviors. Caregiver distress and confidence differed by race/ethnicity in response to verbal aggression, with more White/Caucasian caregivers expressing upset than Hispanic/Latinos or Black/African Americans. Fewer Hispanic/Latinos expressed confidence managing verbal aggression, compared with White/Caucasians or Black/African Americans. Discussion: Aggressive behaviors challenge caregivers, with reactions varying by behavior type and race/ethnicity. Cultural and contextual factors suggest the need to tailor interventions, especially skill-building interventions that increase confidence managing aggressive behaviors while decreasing upset.
Moral development and sporting behavior in sport education: A case study of a preservice teacher with a coaching orientation
Authors: Schwamberger Benjamin , Curtner-Smith Matthew
Published: February 2018

Sport education (SE) is considered to be an excellent medium through which to develop students’ concepts of moral and sporting behavior. Previous research, however, indicates that teachers interpret SE differently, depending on their occupational socialization, which may hinder their fostering of these constructs. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which Lindsey, a coaching-oriented preservice teacher, promoted or negated moral and sporting behavior while teaching middle school girls within two 18-lesson SE seasons. The theoretical perspectives guiding the study were social learning theory and structural development theory. Data were collected using eight qualitative techniques. Data were reduced to key themes by employing analytic induction and constant comparison. The majority of the girls began the study at the preconventional level of moral development with limited understanding of moral and sporting behavior. Many girls did not improve during the course of the SE seasons, although a few displayed understanding at, and acted in accordance with, the postconventional level of moral development. Lindsey struggled to influence her students’ sporting and moral behavior because her previous socialization had resulted in her holding similar beliefs. In addition, her moderate coaching orientation led to her delivering a conservative, watered-down version of SE. Consequently, she did little to change the core cognitive structures guiding her students’ views. While SE offers opportunities for teachers to promote and develop sporting and moral behavior, this is not automatic and, as illustrated in this study, using the model may have a negative impact on students.
Contradictions of financialised neoliberalism: The contemporary practice of responsible investment
Authors: Parfitt Claire
Published: February 2018

Considering a central plank of Canberra’s 1980s economic rationalist agenda, namely the introduction of compulsory superannuation, the article interrogates two key contradictions of financialised neoliberalism. The first concerns state regulation as against the operation of market mechanisms. The second is the tension between neoliberalism’s imaginary of freely contracting individuals as against a lived reality of submission to compulsory and collective structures. The article argues that the emergence of responsible investment, as a political strategy and as a device for regulating corporate conduct, is closely linked to the privatisation of retirement security through compulsory superannuation. These related developments demonstrate how some contradictions of financialised neoliberalism operate. This is explored through an examination of the literature and case study evidence from interviews with responsible investment practitioners.
Examining Driving and Participation 5 Years After Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Erler Kimberly S. , Juengst Shannon B. , Smith Diane L. , O’Neil-Pirozzi Therese M. , Novack Thomas A. , Bogner Jennifer A. , Kaminski Jamie , Giacino Joseph T. , Whiteneck Gale G.
Published: February 2018

Participation is often considered a primary goal of traumatic brain injury (TBI) rehabilitation, but little is known about the influence of driving on participation after TBI. The objective of this study was to examine the independent contribution of driving status to participation at 5 years post TBI, after controlling for demographic, psychosocial, and functional factors. Participants ( N = 2,456) were community-dwelling individuals with moderate to severe TBI, age 18 to 65 at time of injury, and enrolled in the TBI Model Systems (TBIMS) National Database (NDB). Hierarchical linear regressions for the dependent variable of participation at 5 years post TBI were performed. Findings showed that driving was a highly significant independent predictor of participation and was a stronger relative predictor of participation than FIM® Cognitive, FIM® Motor, and depression. The independent contribution of driving to participation suggests the need to develop evidenced-based occupational therapy assessments and interventions that facilitate safe engagement in the occupation of driving to address the long-term goal of improved participation.
Surface reconstruction based on the camera relative irradiance
Authors: Yao Bin , Sun Weifang , Chen Binqiang , Zhou Tianxiang , Cao Xincheng
Published: February 2018

Precise three-dimensional measurements of surfaces are significant in many fields. Usually, three-dimensional descriptions of the object surface have to be acquired by contact measure probe or other non-contact equipment. The paper proposed a novel surface reconstruction method that uses camera relative irradiance via the image gray-scale value information under fixed ring light. After calibrations of the measurement condition, just one image of the object is necessary to reconstruct the surface. The method mainly involves two aspects: the calibration process and the surface reconstruction process. The purpose of the calibration process is to find the relation between the image gray-scale value and the relative irradiance of the charge-coupled device sensor in different expose conditions. The surface reconstruction mainly focuses on the relation between the irradiance and height information. The experiment result shows the relative error of the illumination measurement result obtained using charge-coupled device camera is less than 2.91%. Reconstruction error is mainly result from the truncation error of algorithm calculation. An example is presented to verify the performance of this technique. The reconstruction experiments demonstrated that it can successfully measure the geometrical characteristics from the specified view of the object.
Conceptualising the Relationship Between Youth, Music and DIY Careers: A Critical Overview
Authors: Bennett Andy
Published: February 2018

The purpose of this article is to explore how creative competencies acquired through involvement in music and style-based youth cultures are being converted by young people into DIY (do-it-yourself) careers. This term, as applied here, covers a range of alternative and do-it-yourself modes of work and employment not governed by the acquisition of formal qualifications and training, but, rather, grounded in knowledge and practical know-how acquired through participation in music and style-based youth cultures and associated consumption, leisure and lifestyle practices. The article examines how the emergence of the DIY career can be placed in the context of the collapse of the youth labour market and the increasingly precarious position in which young people find themselves. It also argues that, given the increasing emphasis among youth (and indeed post-youth individuals) placed on the significance of music as a source of DIY career-making, some redefinition of the term DIY music-making and the sphere of DIY creative practice is necessary, particularly in respect of its relationship to more mainstream cultural industries and the related concept of the ‘creative city’.
Rheophytes of the Samaná Norte River, Colombia: A Hydroelectric Project Threatens an Endemic Flora
Authors: Hoyos-Gómez Saúl E. , Bernal Rodrigo
Published: February 2018

We studied the rheophytic vascular flora of the Samaná Norte River basin in Antioquia, Colombia, by rafting along a 61.4-km stretch of the river and establishing 10 plots on its banks. We found 58 species of rheophytes, including morphospecies, belonging to 29 families, mostly herbs and subshrubs. At least nine of the species are known only from this river basin and seven of them were discovered as new to science during this study. The nine species endemic to this river basin have estimated area of occupancy smaller than 10 km2 and are here categorized as critically endangered. We recommend reconsidering plans to dam the river for a hydroelectric plant, as it might reduce populations of the nine critically endangered species and might drive at least two of them to extinction.
Ischemic Stroke After Emergency Department Discharge for Symptoms of Transient Neurological Attack
Authors: Parikh Neal S. , Merkler Alexander E. , Kummer Benjamin R. , Kamel Hooman
Published: February 2018

Background and Purpose:

The significance of transient neurological attack (TNA) symptoms is unclear. We sought to determine the risk of ischemic stroke after discharge from the emergency department (ED) with a diagnosis consistent with symptoms of TNA.

Methods:

Using administrative claims data, we identified patients discharged from EDs in New York between 2006 and 2012 with a primary discharge diagnosis of a TNA symptom, defined as altered mental status, generalized weakness, and sensory changes. The primary outcome was ischemic stroke. We used Kaplan-Meier survival statistics to calculate cumulative rates, and Cox regression to compare stroke risk after TNA versus after transient ischemic attack (TIA; positive control) or renal colic (negative control) while adjusting for demographics and vascular risk factors.

Results:

Of 499 369 patients diagnosed with a TNA symptom and discharged from the ED, 7756 were hospitalized for ischemic stroke over a period of 4.7 (±1.9) years. At 90 days, the cumulative stroke rate was 0.29% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.28%-0.31%) after TNA symptoms versus 2.08% (95% CI: 1.89%-2.28%) after TIA and 0.03% (95% CI: 0.02%-0.04%) after renal colic. The hazard ratio (HR) of stroke was higher after TNA than after renal colic (HR: 2.13; 95% CI: 1.90-2.40) but significantly lower than after TIA (HR: 0.47; 95% CI: 0.44-0.50). Compared to TIA, TNA was less strongly associated with stroke among patients under 60 years of age compared to those over 60.

Conclusions:

Patients discharged from the ED with TNA symptoms faced a higher risk of ischemic stroke than patients with renal colic, but the magnitude of stroke risk was low, particularly compared to TIA.
Combined caesarean section and open reduction internal fixation for the treatment of an acetabular fracture in late pregnancy
Authors: Charnell Aimee Marie , Ferriman Emma , Dimitriou Rozalia , Panteli Michalis , Giannoudis Peter V
Published: February 2018

Lesson

In this case, we opted for dual surgery combining caesarean section and internal fixation of acetabular fracture in late pregnancy, which allowed safe foetal delivery, fracture repair and early ambulation of the mother. In similar cases, this method could be potentially considered in the armamentarium of treatment options, aiming to facilitating prompt motherhood input and early hospital discharge, as well as minimising the risk of post-traumatic arthritis of the hip.
JPMorgan Chase, Bank of America, Wells Fargo, and the Financial Crisis of 2008
Authors: Hearit Lauren Berkshire
Published: February 2018

Following the financial crisis of 2008, major banks such as JPMorgan Chase, Bank of America, and Wells Fargo attempted to rebuild stakeholder and shareholder trust in the American financial system. Through a discourse analysis of JPMorgan Chase, Bank of America, and Wells Fargo’s legitimation efforts, this study provides additional research on the practice of strategic financial communication. Specifically, this article found how JPMorgan Chase, Bank of America, and Wells Fargo responded to questions about their actional and institutional legitimacy in their practice of issue management was echoed within each bank’s press coverage and organizational discourse. Yet this study also found that banks that were better able to directly respond to media critique more effectively navigated the financial crisis. This study underscores the importance of careful communication in managing shareholder and stakeholder concerns and rebuilding public trust in their corporations.
Analysis of Second-Order Pattern of Proton NMR Spectrum of 1,3-Dichloro-2-nitrobenzene
Authors: Yamaji Toshiki , Saito Takeshi
Published: February 2018

The analysis of a second-order pattern on a proton NMR spectrum is proposed using a multi field NMR measurement, a spectral simulation, a DFT calculation and a solvent effect study. The ordinary 9.4 T proton NMR measurement of 1,3-dichloro-2-nitrobenzene in organic solvents gave the AB2 spectrum showing the second-order pattern. The higher field, 14.1 T proton NMR measurement gave the spectrum close to the AX2 showing the first-order pattern with a little roofing. Then the peak assignments were confirmed by the spectral simulation using the NMR parameters obtained from each experimental spectra. Finally, the NMR parameters are discussed from the results of the DFT calculation and the solvent effect study.
Solid-State Thin-Film Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Co-Sensitized with Methylammonium Lead Bromide Perovskite
Authors: Pinpithak Peerathat , Kulkarni Ashish , Chen Hsin-Wei , Ikegami Masashi , Miyasaka Tsutomu
Published: February 2018

Herein, for the first time, a concept of co-sensitization of the D149 dye with methylammonium lead bromide (MAPbBr3) perovskite is presented in solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells (ss-DSSCs). A thin film was fabricated by employing ~500 nm TiO2 mesoporous layer sensitized with metal-free organic dye D149 and MAPbBr3 as a co-sensitizer which absorb long wavelength (green) and short wavelength (blue) light, respectively. With panchromatic spectral sensitivity up to ~680 nm, the co-sensitized device yielded power conversion efficiency up to 3.1% by means of tuning the loading amounts of perovskite with respect to dye. We found that small amounts of MAPbBr3 can mitigate dye aggregation and can improve the light harvesting property of the device sensitized with a D149 dye. Additionally, electrochemical impedance spectroscopic (EIS) analysis of dye/perovskite co-sensitized device showed efficient charge transfer between dye (embedded with perovskite crystal) and TiO2. This study opens up the possibilities of use of lead bromide perovskite as co-sensitizer in ss-DSSCs.