bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular, Metal‐Promoted (6π+2π) Triene/Alkyne Cycloaddition Reactions.
Authors: RIGBY J. H. , KIROVA M. , NIYAZ N. , MOHAMMADI F.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Ring Opening Reactions of Methyleneaziridines.
Authors: INCE J. , SHIPMAN M. , ENNIS D. S.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of 3,4‐Disubstituted Pyrrolidines: 1,3‐Dipolar Addition to Chiral Bicyclic Lactams.
Authors: MEYERS A. I. , FRAY A. H.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Antibacterial and Antimycotic Activity of 1,2‐Disubstituted Hydrazines.
Authors: DEMCHENKO A. M. , CHUMAKOV V. A. , KRASOVSKII A. N. , MUSICH E. G. , LOZINSKII M. O.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Caesalpinin, a Rearranged Cassane Furanoditerpene of Caesalpinia bonducella
Authors: PETER S. R. , TINTO W. F. , MCLEAN S. , REYNOLDS W. F. , TAY L.‐L.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Phloroglucinol Derivatives from Leaves of Bosistoa pentacocca.
Authors: AUZI A. A. , FORSTER P. I. , HARTLEY T. G. , WAIGH R. D. , WATERMAN P. G.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Substituent Effects in the Stereoconvergent Synthesis of β‐ Hydroxyphenylalanine Derivatives.
Authors: HUTTON C. A.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Casuarines (Pentahydroxylated Pyrrolizidines) by Sodium Hydrogen Telluride‐Induced Cyclizations of Azidodimesylates.
Authors: BELL A. A. , PICKERING L. , WATSON A. A. , NASH R. J. , PAN Y. T. , ELBEIN A. D. , FLEET G. W. J.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Design and Synthesis of Novel Monocyclic β‐Lactam Inhibitors of Prostate Specific Antigen.
Authors: ADLINGTON R. M. , BALDWIN J. E. , CHEN B. , COOPER S. L. , MCCOULL W. , PRITCHARD G. J. , HOWE T. J. , BECKER G. W. , HERMANN R. B. , MCNULTY A. M. , NEUBAUER B. L.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereocontrolled Synthesis of 4‐Acetoxy‐2‐azetidinone via Double Azetidinone Ring Formation: A Useful Precursor of Carbapenem and Penem Antibiotics.
Authors: KWON H. A. , LEE M. J. , LEE I. H. , LEE S. J. , YOON T. H. , HWANG T. S.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Zeolite‐Encapsulated Rhodium Catalysts‐ the Best of Both Worlds?
Authors: ANDERSEN J. M.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ag(II) and Ag(III) Complexes and Ag(II)/Ag(I) and Ag(III)/Ag(II) Redox Systems in the Presence of Heterocyclic Amines
Authors: SROCHINSKI D. , DZIEGIEC Y. , GRZEJDZIAK A.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Functionalization of Nonactivated Bonds in Superacidic Media
Authors: JACQUESY J.‐C. , JOUANNETAUD M.‐P. , MARTIN A.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of β‐Amino Acids Through TiCl4 Mediated Addition to Imines
Authors: GENNARI C. , VULPETTI A.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Addition of Amines to α,β‐Unsaturated Esters and Nitriles in the Enantioselective Synthesis of β‐Amino Acids
Authors: JUARISTI E. , GARCIA‐BARRADAS O.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Microstructure and Field Emission of Nanocrystalline Diamond Prepared from C60 Precursors.
Authors: ZHOU D. , KRAUSS A. R. , CORRIGAN T. D. , MCCAULEY T. G. , CHANG R. P. H. , GRUEN D. M.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: β‐Octamolybdate as a Building Block. Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Rare Earth‐Molybdate Adducts.
Authors: KITAMURA A. , OZEKI T. , YAGASAKI A.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Transformations of 5‐Azauracil in Reactions with Some Nucleophiles.
Authors: AZEV YU. A.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Effect of the Nature of the Substituent at the Nitrogen Atom of 3‐ Bromo‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐4‐piperidinone, Its 1‐Hydroxy and 1‐Oxyl Derivatives on Transformations under Conditions of the Favorsky Rearrangement.
Authors: KRINITSKAYA L. A.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Oxidation of α‐Substituted Carbonyl Compounds to Carboxylic Acids in Aqueous Media.
Authors: YANG D. T. C. , ZHANG C. J. , HAYNIE B. C. , FU P. P. , KABALKA G. W.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: (Cp2ZrHCl)n, a Useful Reducing Agent in Phosphorus Chemistry.
Authors: ZABLOCKA M. , DELEST B. , IGAU A. , SKOWRONSKA A. , MAJORAL J. P.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Azaheteroalkene Metathesis: Reaction of Imines with Molybdenum(VI) Bis( imide) Complexes.
Authors: CANTRELL G. K. , MEYER T. Y.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Attempted Synthesis of 2‐Amino‐5‐aryl‐5H‐thiazolo(4,3‐b)‐1,3,4‐ thiadiazoles.
Authors: DUDIN A. V. , UGRAK B. I.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: From Hexa‐peri‐hexabenzocoronene to “Superacenes”.
Authors: IYER V. S. , WEHMEIER M. , BRAND J. D. , KEEGSTRA M. A. , MUELLEN K.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and X‐Ray Crystal and Molecular Structure of 1,6‐Bis(3‐ thienyl)hexane.
Authors: CHALONER P. A. , GUNATUNGA S. R. , HITCHCOCK P. B.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Substituted 1(2H)‐Isoquinolinones (IV) from Dilithiated 2‐Methyl‐N‐arylbenzamides, 2‐Methyl‐N‐(arylmethyl)‐benzamides, or 2‐ Methylbenzoic Acid 2,2‐Dimethylhydrazide
Authors: DAVIS S. E. , CHURCH A. C. , GRIFFITH C. L. , BEAM C. F.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Synthesis of 1,2‐Diformylferrocene and 2‐Acyl‐1‐ formylferrocenes.
Authors: MALFAIT S. , PELINSKI L. , MACIEJEWSKI L. , BROCARD J.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Synthesis of Protected (R)‐α‐Phenylproline Derivatives Using the Mitsunobu Reaction.
Authors: VAN BETSBRUGGE J. , TOURWE D. , KAPTEIN B. , KIERKELS H. , BROXTERMAN R.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Acridone Derivative for the Fluorescence Tagging and Mass Spectrometric Sequencing of Peptides.
Authors: FALLER T. , HUTTON K. , OKAFO G. , GRIBBLE A. , CAMILLERI P. , GAMES D. E.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: HI/Acetic Acid Reduction of Peracetylated N‐Acetyl Neuraminic Acid Esters to Stereoselectively Provide α‐2‐Deoxy‐2‐hydrido Derivatives.
Authors: GERVAY J. , GREGAR T. Q.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Approach to the Pancratistatin C‐Ring from D‐Glucose: Ferrier Rearrangement, Pseudoinversion and Pd‐Catalyzed Cyclizations.
Authors: FRIESTAD G. K. , BRANCHAUD B. P.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies in Marine Macrolide Synthesis: Stereocontrolled Synthesis of the F‐Ring Subunit of Spongistatin 1 (Altohyrtin A).
Authors: PATERSON I. , KEOWN L. E.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Synthesis of (S)‐(+)‐Gossypol via an Asymmetric Ullmann Coupling.
Authors: MEYERS A. I. , WILLEMSEN J. J.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Very Short and Efficient Total Synthesis of Otanthus Maritima Amide.
Authors: BELLASSOUED M. , SALEMKOUR M. , REBOUL E.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Modeling and Structural Analysis of Benzamide Derivatives with and Without Extrapyramidal Syndrome Side Effects
Authors: REN S. , LIEN L. L. , LIEN E. J.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Peptide and Cyclopeptide Libraries: Automated Synthesis, Analysis and Receptor Binding Assays
Authors: WIESMULLER K.‐H. , FEIERTAG S. , FLECKENSTEIN B. , KIENLE S. , STOLL D. , HERRMANN M. , JUNG G.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis
Authors: BLASER H.‐U. , PUGIN B. , SPINDLER F.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Mass Spectrometry in Structure Elucidation of Diterpenoid Alkaloids
Authors: YUNUSOV M. S.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of SAPO‐35 in Non‐Aqueous Gels.
Authors: VENKATATHRI N. , HEGDE S. G. , RAJAMOHANAN P. R. , SIVASANKER S.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: In Praise of Chirality
Authors: JONAS J.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Episulfoxides. Synthesis and Chemistry
Authors: ABU‐YOUSEF I. A. , HARPP D. N.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Emerging Therapeutic Advances for the Development of Second Generation Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors
Authors: WHITE A. D. , BOCAN T. M. A. , BOXER P. A. , PETERSON J. T. , SCHRIER D.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: β‐Peptides: Novel Secondary Structures Take Shape
Authors: KOERT U.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Critical Survey of the Stability Constants of Complexes of the Thiocyanate Ion
Authors: BAHTA A. , PARKER G. A. , TUCK D. G.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Characterization of vitellogenin gene expression in round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay
Authors: Bowley Lucas A. , Alam Farhana , Marentette Julie R. , Balshine Sigal , Wilson Joanna Y.
Published: August 2010

A growing concern over endocrine disruption in aquatic species has prompted the development of molecular assays to monitor environmental impacts. This study describes the development of quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays to characterize the expression of two vitellogenin (Vtg) genes in the invasive round goby (Neogobius melanostomus). Fragments from the 18SrRNA (housekeeping gene), Vtg II, and Vtg III genes were cloned and sequenced. The qPCR assays were developed to detect hepatic Vtg expression in goby. The assays detected induction of both Vtg genes in nonreproductive males following a two-week laboratory exposure to 17β-estradiol (≥1 mg/kg i.p. injection). The assays were applied to goby from Hamilton Harbour, Lake Ontario (Canada), including those from sites where feminization and intersex of goby has been documented. Both Vtg genes had significantly higher expression in females compared to males. Male reproductive goby adopt either parental or sneaker tactics; Vtg II expression was higher in sneaker than in parental males but parental and nonreproductive males did not differ from each other. The Vtg III expression was significantly higher in sneaker males followed by parental males and nonreproductive males, respectively. The Vtg II and III expression in nonreproductive males was elevated in the contaminated site with documented intersex. This assay provides an important tool for the use of an invasive species in monitoring endocrine disruption in the Great Lakes region. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:2751–2760. © 2010 SETAC
Measuring bioaccumulation of contaminants from field-collected sediment in freshwater organisms: A critical review of laboratory methods
Authors: Van Geest Jordana L. , Poirier David G. , Sibley Paul K. , Solomon Keith R.
Published: August 2010

To be effective, decision-making frameworks require data from robust and reliable test methods. Using standard methods allows for more effective comparison between studies and application of data, and it reduces unnecessary duplication of efforts. Laboratory methods to assess the toxicity of sediment have been standardized and extensively used; however, procedures for measuring the bioaccumulation of contaminants from sediment into aquatic organisms need further standardization. Bioaccumulation methods using freshwater invertebrates and fish exposed to field-contaminated sediment were reviewed to identify important similarities and differences in method protocols, test conditions that need to be controlled, and data gaps. Although guidance documents are available, great variation still exists in exposure techniques used in tests, which may potentially affect the estimation of bioaccumulation. The techniques most consistent across studies include the use of Lumbriculus variegatus as a test species, test temperatures between 20 and 25°C, and a 28-d exposure with no addition of food, followed by purging of organisms. Issues that were inconsistent between studies or remained unspecified, which should be addressed, include the bioaccumulation potential of other test species, loading density of organisms, and sediment-to-water ratio. In addition to proper evaluation of the various exposure techniques and conditions, a need exists for more consistent inclusion of quality control procedures during testing. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:2391–2401. © 2010 SETAC
Hauptzüge der Evolution der Embryophyten
Authors: Soó R.
Published: August 2010

Verfasser legt seine Auffassungen über die Evolution der Embryo‐(Telomo)phyten vor. Er leitet die Bryophyten von den Psilophyten ab, Hornea und Sporogonites (mit Columella im Sporogon) sind als Übergänge die Beweise dazu. Die ursprünglichsten lebenden Moose sind die Anthocerotales, der gemeinsame laubmoosartige Ahn (vgl. Takakia) und die radialen Calobrynales, an diese schließen sich die dorsiventralen Jungermaniales an, am meisten abgeleitet sind die Marchantiales. Alle Klassen (bzw. Stämme) der Pteridophyta sind Abkömmlinge der Psilophyta. Die phyllosporen Pteridospermen (Lyginopteridales, Glossopteridales, Caytoniales) und Cycadopsida (dazu noch Nilssoniales und Pentoxylales) bilden das 1. Subphylum der Gymnospermen: Pteridospermophytina, während das 2. Subphylum die Chlamydospermophytina (Bennettitales, Welwitschiales, Gnetales) umfaßt wegen des syndetocheilen Stomatyps und der oft vorkommenden Entomogamie. Die stachyosporen Ginkgopsida, Cordaitopsida (Pityales, Cordaitales), Coniferopsida (Voltziales, Carpenteriales, Araucariales, Podocarpales, Pinales, Taxales) und Ephedropsida bilden das 3. Subphylum (Coniferophytina). Die ähnliche Befruchtung zeigt, daß Ginkgo mit Cycadales nahe verwandt ist, anatomisch mehr mit Cordaites (auch beide stachyospor), beide Typen sind von den Pteridospermen abzuleiten. Cordaitopsida sind gewiß Vorfahren der Nadelbäume. Die Samenanlage der Taxales ist nicht ganz terminal, zu diesen gehören auch die Cephalotaxaceae. Verfasser hält alle Angiospermen für phyllospor, bespricht kritisch die Widersprüche der verschiedenen stachyosporen und gemischten Theorien, sowie die neueren Systeme. Weder Bennettitales (hochspezialisierte Gruppe) noch Caytoniales (Konvergenz der halbbedeckten Samenanlagen) können Ahnen der Angiospermen sein, die Blüte ist wohl aus dem Strobilus einer unbekannten Gruppe der Pteridospermophytina entstanden. Verfasser vertritt die monophyletische Herkunft der Angiospermen, Ausgang von Polycarpicae (bzw. Magnoliales), Abstammung der Monokotylen von Polycarpicae, Polyphylie der Choripetalen und Apetalen. Er hat sein System (1949, 1953, 1961) und den Stammbaum neu bearbeitet und leitet die Dikotylen in 4 bzw. 6, die Monokotylen in 2 Entwicklungslinien von den Polycarpicae ab (ausführlich in Acta Bot. Acad. Hung., 13 1967, vgl. die beiden Stammbäume).
Zur Blattfolge und Blattbildung einiger Cynareen‐Gattungen. Echinops
Authors: Kruse J. , Meusel H.
Published: August 2010

Die Blattfolge von Echinops wird am Beispiel von E. sphaerocephalus ausführlich dargestellt. Bei den Laubblättern wird besonders auf die getarnte Fiederung sowie die Fiederbildung an Blattstiel und Blattgrund hingewiesen. Die den Blütenstand und die einzelnen Blüten umgebenden Hüllorgane werden nach Stellung und Entwicklung als Blätter (Hochblätter) angesprochen. Ihre borstlichen Formen sind den Pappusborsten der Compositen sehr ähnlich. Es bestehen deutliche Entsprechungen in der Blattbildung der Infloreszenzen von Echinops und Carlina. Es kann aber nicht endgültig entschieden werden, ob die Köpfchen dieser Gattungen als Infloreszenzen oder als Synfloreszenzen beurteilt werden müssen.
Über mediterran‐mitteleuropäische Beziehungen in der Flora und Vegetation des Mecsek‐Gebirges in Südungarn
Authors: Horvát Adolf Oliver
Published: August 2010

Das Klima des Gebietes kennzeichnen submediterrane Züge: der frühe Beginn des Frühjahrs, der warme, aber nicht allzuheiße Sommer, der lange Herbst, der milde und schneereiche Winter, der für submediterrane Gebiete charakteristische Niederschlagsablauf (vgl. Abb. 1).

Die interessantesten mediterranen (s.l.) Arten der Flora sind Colchicum hungaricum, Trigonella gladiata, Orchis simia, Paeonia, Helleborus odours, Asperula taurina, Inula spiraeifolia, Asplenium lepidum.

Die submediterranen Pflanzengesellschaften sind:

Cleistogeni‐ (Diplachno)‐Festucetum rupicolae (sulcatae), Cotino‐Quercetum pubescentis, Orno‐Quercetum pubesentis.

Die submediterrane Quercion pubescentis‐ und Festucion‐Zone ist im Mecsek‐Gebirge extrazonal.

Die submediterranen Geoelemente, die Quercetalia‐Arten, die wärmeliebenden (T), trockenheitsertragenden (W) und Kalkzeiger (R)‐Arten kommen zusammen massenhaft in submediterranen Phytozönosen vor.
Verbreitungsgrenzen südlicher Florenelemente in Mitteldeutschland
Authors: Meusel Hermann
Published: August 2010

Mitteldeutschland als Übergangsgebiet zwischen dem süddeutschen Berg‐ und Hügelland und dem norddeutschen Flachland ist durch das Ausklingen einer ganzen Reihe von Arten ausgezeichnet, deren Verbreitung von der submeridionalen bis in die südliche temperate Zone reicht. Als Beispiele werden nach ihrer Gesamtverbreitung verschiedene ökogeographische Gruppen behandelt: 1. Xerotherme Arten mit Beziehungen zur mediterran‐submediterranen Trockenwald‐ und Garrigue‐Vegetation und submediterran‐alpisch/dealpine Sippen. Die süd‐nördlich gestaffelten Grenzlinien dieser Arten sind durch das Großklima‐Gefälle bedingt und werden durch die besonderen Faktoren des lokalen Klimas, der Geländeformen und der Böden abgewandelt. Die meisten xerothermen südlichen Elemente der mitteldeutschen Flora häufen sich im nordfränkischen, thüringischen und osthessischen Kalkhügelland. 2. Kontinentale submediterran‐pontische Elemente sind im warmen Elbtal und vor allem im mitteldeutschen Trockengebiet (im Regenschatten des Harzes) verbreitet und erreichen hier vielfach ihre absolute Nordwestgrenze. 3. Von den submediterran‐mitteleuropäischen Bergpflanzen verdienen besonders diejenigen Arten Beachtung, die im Erzgebirge und im Thüringer Gebirge regelmäßig vorkommen, im Harz jedoch fehlen oder dieses Mittelgebirge nur in Vorposten erreichen. 4. Vertreter der süd‐mitteleuropäischen Laubwaldflora, die in Mitteldeutschland ihre Nordgrenze erreichen, sind a) als ozeanisch‐subozeanische Elemente im Werra‐Leine‐Weser‐Gebiet und im Thüringer Hügelland oder b) als subozeanisch‐(subkontinentale) Elemente im westsächsischen Hügelland konzentriert. Auch hier wirken Geländegestalt und Bodenverhältnisse modifizierend auf das mitteldeutsche Teilareal. 5. Abschließend werden submediterran‐atlantisch‐(zentraleuropäische) Sandpflanzen erwähnt, die sich vor allem in den Niederungen ausbreiten und deshalb in Mitteldeutschland trotz südlicher Herkunft Südwestgrenzen aufweisen. Von allen Verbreitungstypen werden Vertreter genannt, die in einem geschlossenen Areal bis in den mitteldeutschen Raum vordringen und solche, die hier nur Vorposten‐Areale erreichen.
Floral anatomy of two species of Swartzia and its bearing on its systematic position
Authors: Dhillon M.
Published: August 2010

The present investigation deals with the floral anatomy of two species of the genus Swartzia of the family Leguminosae. In Swartzia the vascular supply of sepals, petals and stamens arises independently from separate cycles of gaps. After the divergence of the vascular supply of the petals, a number of traces arise from third cycle of gaps and undergo repeated divisions to form a large number of traces, each one of which supplies a stamen. This is in contrast with Papilionaceous legumes which are either dihiate or unihiate, whereas Swartzia like members of Mimosoideae is trihiate. The implications of these obsevations on the systematic position of Swartzia have been discussed.
Zur Nomenklatur der Farn‐ und Blütenpflanzen aus dem Gebiet der DDR und BRD (VII)
Authors: Rauschert Stephan
Published: August 2010

Der folgende Beitrag ist eine Fortsetzung meiner nomenklatorischen Arbeiten in Feddes Repertorium 73 (1966) 47—58; 79 (1969) 409—421; 83 (1973) 645—662; 85 (1974) 641 bis 661; 88 (1977) 307—321; 90 (1979) 393—400.
Gliederung, Verbreitung und Entstehung der Gattung Rhododendron – Eine Synthese aus botanischer, paläobotanischer und geologischer Sicht
Authors: Krutzsch Wilfried
Published: August 2010

Die Kombination von Morphologie und Chorologie der subgenerischen Einheiten führt zu wichtigen Fragen bei der Bewertung der Untergliederung der Gattung. Ergänzung findet dieses in einer erstmalig vorgenommenen historischen Analyse der Gattung Rhododendron vor dem Hintergrund geowissenschaftlicher Daten (Paläoklimatologie, Paläogeographie, Paläochorologie, Paläofloristik, Paläoorographie etc.). Dies ergibt ein differenzierteres phylogenetisches Bild von der Entwicklung der Gattung, die, seit ca. 53 Mill. Jahren belegt, in mehreren Etappen in verschiedenen begrenzten Räumen und unter verschiedenen Klimaten erfolgt ist, d. h. während der verschiedenen Stufen des Tertiärs und Quartärs. Das heutige Mannigfaltigkeitszentrum in Südostasien ist dabei historisch‐geologisch betrachtet recht jung (ca. 10–15 Mill. Jahre) und als solches kein primäres, sondern ein durchaus sekundäres. Bis weit in das Alttertiär hinein war Südostasien noch ein Trokkengebiet. Die Differenzierung und Ausbreitung von sehr vielen der heutigen Arten Südostasiens (speziell die der Sektion Vireya) ist sehr jungen Datums (nur rund 1–5 Mill. Jahre alt). Als älteste Gruppen werden das Subgenus Hymenanthus, und zwar die Sektion/Subsektion Pontica, das Subgenus Pentanthera und Teile des Subgenus Rhododendron, Sekt./Subsekt. Rhododendron (Ferruginea) und Carolineana, resp. ihre Vorläuferformen, angesehen. Sie allein weisen auch heute noch in ihren Reliktarealen auf eine ursprüngliche nordtethyanische, laurasische, warm‐humide, extratropische laurophylle Gürtelflora des Alttertiärs hin, die sich vom westlichen Nordamerika über das östliche Nordamerika, Europa bis hin nach Mittelusien erstreckt hat. Dies ist der Ursprungs‐Florenbelt der Gattung Rhododendron. In diesem Belt fand im Eozän durch zonale klimatische Unterschiede die erste, wichtigste Differenzierung der Gattung statt. wobei die ursprünglich immergrünen, alepidoten Vertreter im Süden in die lepidoten und im Norden in die ersten sommergrünen, laubwerfenden alepidoten Typen aufspalten. Der alte zonale Vegetationsbelt zerfällt ab Oligozän in einen westlichen, mittleren (Europa/Vorderasien) und östlichen Teil. Fast alle folgenden Entwicklungsdifferenzierungen sind dann nur noch auf den östlichen Sektor. auf Südost‐ und Ostasien beschränkt, und sie alle sind jünger als Eozän. Diese Differenzierungsprozesse reichen bis hin zur Gegenwart. Die Besiedlung Nordostasiens und der arktischen Region ist im wesentlichen ein Phänomen des Quartärs. insbesondere des Holozäns.
Kritische Anmerkungen zur Behandlung von Vertretern der GattungZanthoxylumL. s. l. inA. BORHIDIS„ Phytogeography and Vegetation Ecology in Cuba”︁
Authors: Beurton Ch.
Published: August 2010

Es wird vor allem auf inhaltliche Fehler bei der Behandlung von Vertretern der GattungZanthoxylumL. s. l. aufmerksam gemacht. Diese hätten bei Einbeziehung der taxonomischen Revisionen der letzten Jahre vermieden werden können.
Chemotaxonomical studies of the genus Salsola (Chenopodiaceae) in Egypt
Authors: Turki Z. A.
Published: August 2010

Analysis of protein, lipid and neutral sugars in nine species of Egyptian Salsola are carried out. In addition, fatty acids composition in closely related six species are determined by GLC. A remarkable chemical diversity between the different species is found.

The protein level in S. imbricata subsp. imbricata is the highest of all studied species (392.7 mg/gm dry wt.) while the lowest is in S. schweinfurthii (83.6 mg/gm). The highest lipid content is detected in S. longifolia (32.2 mg/gm). The neutral sugar content is variable ranging from 15.3 mg/gm in S. schweinfurthii to 88.3 mg/gm in S. oppositifolia.

The lipids of all species examined contain at least five different fatty acids. Oleic acid predominates in all species studied. Salsola inermis and S. imbricata subsp. gaetula are generally rich in fatty acids (both include eight fatty acids) while S. tetragona and S. incanescens have only five fatty acids.
WISP-1/CCN4 regulates osteogenesis by enhancing BMP-2 activity
Authors: Ono Mitsuaki , Inkson Colette A , Kilts Tina M , Young Marian F
Published: August 2010

Wnt-induced secreted protein 1 (WISP-1/CCN4) is a member of the CCN family that is highly expressed in skeletal tissue and in osteoprogenitor cells induced to differentiate in vitro. To determine the function of WISP-1 during osteogeneis, osteogenic bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) were transduced with WISP-1 adenovirus (adWISP-1) in the presence or absence of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) adenovirus (adBMP-2). WISP-1 overexpression enhanced the ability of BMP-2 to direct BMSCs toward osteogenic differentiation and appeared to work by stimulating Smad-1/5/8 phosphorylation and activation. The ability of WISP-1 to enhance BMP-2 activity also was shown in vivo using an ectopic osteogenesis assay with BMSCs transduced with WISP-1, BMP-2, or both. When BMSCs were infected with lentivirus containing human WISP1 shRNA, they formed less bone in vivo and were less responsive to BMP-2, confirming that WISP-1 and BMP-2 have a functional interaction. Immunoprecipitation (IP) and Western blot analysis showed that WISP-1 bound directly to BMP-2 and showed that WISP-1 increased BMP-2 binding to hBMSCs in a dose-dependent fashion. To understand how WISP-1 enhanced BMP-2 signaling, the influence of WISP-1 on integrin expression was analyzed. WISP-1 induced the mRNA and protein levels of α5-integrin and, further, was found to bind to it. Antibody-blocking experiments showed that the BMP-2 binding to BMSCs that was enhanced by WISP-1 was completely neutralized by treatment with anti-integrin α5β1 antibody. Pilot studies and the use of transgenic mice that overexpressed human WISP-1 in preosteoblasts had increased bone mineral density (BMD), trabecular thickness, and bone volume (BV/TV) over wild-type controls, supporting observations using human osteoprogenitors that WISP-1 has a positive influence on osteogenesis in vivo. In conclusion, these studies show, for the first time, that WISP-1 has a positive influence on bone cell differentiation and function and may work by enhancing the effects of BMP-2 to increase osteogenesis through a mechanism potentially involving binding to integrin α5β1. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Indecisiveness: Specificity and Predictive Validity
Authors: Germeijs Veerle , Verschueren Karine
Published: August 2010

This study investigated the specificity of indecisiveness compared to trait anxiety. In addition, the predictive validity of indecisiveness for postdecisional problems with regard to choosing a major was examined. A sample of 539 adolescents participated at the beginning of Grade 12 and was followed until the first year in higher education. Factor analyses showed evidence for a differentiation between indecisiveness and trait anxiety. In addition, indecisiveness at the beginning of Grade 12 predicted less commitment to the choice of a major in higher education, which, in turn, predicted less choice stability. The effect of indecisiveness on these postdecisional problems remained significant after controlling for trait anxiety, providing further evidence for the specificity of indecisiveness. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The microtubule cytoskeleton acts as a key downstream effector of neurotransmitter signaling
Authors: Gardiner John , Overall Robyn , Marc Jan
Published: August 2010

Microtubules are well known to play a key role in the trafficking of neurotransmitters to the synapse. However, less attention has been paid to their role as downstream effectors of neurotransmitter signaling in the target neuron. Here, we show that neurotransmitter‐based signaling to the microtubule cytoskeleton regulates downstream microtubule function through several mechanisms. These include tubulin posttranslational modification, binding of microtubule‐associated proteins, release of microtubule‐interacting second messenger molecules, and regulation of tubulin expression levels. We review the evidence for neurotransmitter regulation of the microtubule cytoskeleton, focusing on the neurotransmitters serotonin, melatonin, dopamine, glutamate, glycine, and acetylcholine. Some evidence suggests that microtubules may even play a more direct role in propagating action potentials through conductance of electric current. In turn, there is evidence for the regulation of neurotransmission by the microtubule cytoskeleton. Synapse, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differential developmental trajectories for CB1 cannabinoid receptor expression in limbic/associative and sensorimotor cortical areas
Authors: Heng Lijun , Beverley Joel A. , Steiner Heinz , Tseng Kuei Y.
Published: August 2010

Cannabis use during adolescence is associated with an increased risk for schizophrenia and other disorders. The neuronal basis is unclear, but prefrontal cortical mechanisms have been implicated. Here, we investigated developmental changes in the endocannabinoid system by assessing expression and function of the CB1 cannabinoid receptor in prefrontal and other cortical areas in juvenile (postnatal day 25, P25), adolescent (P40), and adult (P70) rats. Overall, the expression of CB1 receptors in the cortex is highest in juveniles and drops thereafter toward adult levels. However, CB1 receptor expression follows distinct developmental trajectories in different cortical areas. The most pronounced and progressive decrease in CB1 expression was observed in medial prefrontal and other limbic/associative regions. In contrast, major changes in sensorimotor cortices occurred only after P40. We also assessed electrophysiological measures of CB1 receptor function and found that CB1‐dependent inhibition of synaptic transmission in the prefrontal cortex follows the same developmental trajectory as observed for receptor expression. Together, these findings indicate that CB1 receptor‐mediated signaling decreases during development but is differentially regulated in limbic/associative vs. sensorimotor systems. Therefore, cannabis use during adolescence likely differentially affects limbic/associative and sensorimotor cortical circuits. Synapse, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differential effects of stress on [11C]raclopride and [11C]MNPA binding to striatal D2/D3 dopamine receptors: A PET study in conscious monkeys
Authors: Tsukada Hideo , Ohba Hiroyuki , Nishiyama Shingo , Kakiuchi Takeharu
Published: August 2010

It has been reported that stress and facilitation of dopamine neuronal system are closely related. In the present study, the effects of stress on the binding of antagonist‐based [11C]raclopride and agonist‐based (R)‐2‐CH3O‐N‐n‐ propylnorapomorphine ([11C]MNPA) to D2/D3 receptors were evaluated in the striatum of conscious monkey brain. The stress state assessed from plasma cortisol level was negatively correlated with [11C]raclopride binding as expected. It was noteworthy that [11C]MNPA binding exhibited a positive correlation with stress state; thus, the animals with higher cortisol levels showed higher binding to D2/D3 receptors. Synapse 65:84–89, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Using State-Space Model with Regime Switching to Represent the Dynamics of Facial Electromyography (EMG) Data
Authors: Yang Manshu , Chow Sy-Miin
Published: August 2010

Facial electromyography (EMG) is a useful physiological measure for detecting subtle affective changes in real time. A time series of EMG data contains bursts of electrical activity that increase in magnitude when the pertinent facial muscles are activated. Whereas previous methods for detecting EMG activation are often based on deterministic or externally imposed thresholds, we used regime-switching models to probabilistically classify each individual’s time series into latent “regimes” characterized by similar error variance and dynamic patterns. We also allowed the association between EMG signals and self-reported affect ratings to vary between regimes and found that the relationship between these two markers did in fact vary over time. The potential utility of using regime-switching models to detect activation patterns in EMG data and to summarize the temporal characteristics of EMG activities is discussed.
Consumers’ Search for Information on the Internet: How and Why China Differs from Western Europe
Authors: Vuylsteke Alexander , Wen Zhong , Baesens Bart , Poelmans Jonas
Published: August 2010

Internet adoption in China is booming and purchasing power is growing steadily. Increasing numbers of Chinese turn to the Internet to search for information prior to a purchase. Based on 32 h of interviews with students and business professionals in China, and a questionnaire completed by a sample of 1140 students in Beijing and Belgium, our explorative study demonstrates that fundamental cultural, behavioral, economic, technical, and other characteristics of China cause significant differences between Chinese and Western Europeans in their online search process for information prior to a purchase. The differences occur in frequency, goal, types of information sought, types of websites used, search engine usage patterns, and contribution of user opinions. This has important implications for marketing practitioners in China, especially for multinational corporations that enter China and that are not familiar yet with the Chinese environment. Suggestions for future research are also provided.
Economic Expansion in the Byzantine Empire, 900–1200
Authors: Harvey Alan
Published: August 2010

In this book Dr Harvey shows that, if we broaden our comprehension of feudalism, the economic developments of the Byzantine Empire and of the medieval west were far more comparable than Byzantine historians have been prepared to admit. Previous interpretations have linked economic trends too closely to the political fortunes of the state, and have consequently regarded the twelfth century as a period of economic stagnation. Yet there is considerable evidence that the empire's population expanded steadily during the period covered by this book, and that agricultural production was intensified. A wealth of evidence serves to reinforce the point that the disintegration of the empire in the late twelfth century should no longer be associated with economic decline. Dr Harvey's conclusions, in particular that there is no incompatibility between the development of the landed wealth of a feudalising aristocracy and the growth of commerce and urbanisation, will affect all future interpretations of Byzantine history.