bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural determination of an isolated vasodilatory molecule from Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) P.H. Raven (Onagraceae)
Authors: Paul Owusu Donkor  , Ratovonarindra Kanto  , Rasolohery Claudine Aimée  , Quansah Nathaniel  , Randrianavony Patricia
Published: December 2023

The determination of the chemical structure of an isolated vasodilatory molecule from Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) P.H. Raven (Onagraceae) was undertaken. This molecule was isolated from n-butanolic extract using bioassay-guided isolation with preparative plate chromatographic techniques and its structure was determined using spectroscopy (UV, 1D- and 2D NMR, MS). The vasodilatory activity of the isolate was investigated on guinea pig isolated aorta. The results show 3 spots from n-butanolic extract with respective retention factor (Rf) of 0.14, 0.6 and 0.91. Pharmacological investigations showed that the isolated molecule with Rf 0.91 relaxes the isolated aorta pre-contracted by norepinephrine. Data from chemical shifts (δH) and spin-spin coupling constants (JHH) were compared with literature to confirm the isolate as rutin. This is the first report of rutin isolated from Ludwigia octovalvis.
Antiulcer activity of the stem bark aqueous extract of Croton oligandrum (Euphorbiaceae) against Ethanol/HCl-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats
Authors: Christophe Mezui  , Gustave Lebeau Ndji Otto  , Lorraine Nkouendazem Ngueke  , Joseph Fleurie Emakoua  , Rosalie Armelle Ambassa Mbang  , Paul Vernyuy Tan
Published: December 2023

Gastric ulcer is an alteration of the lining of the stomach with destruction of mucus-producing cells. Many factors are contributing to the development of peptic ulcer such as phygiological stress, high production of acid, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and alcohol consumption. Croton oligandrum is traditionally used to treat many diseases including gastric ulcers. This study aims to investigate the cytoprotective activity of Croton oligandrum. To assess the gastroprotective potential of Croton oligandrum ulcer models were established using ethanol and indomethacin. Sucralfate was used as reference anti-ulcer drugs. Rats were treated with Croton oligandrum before induction of gastric ulceration by ethanol/HCl or HCl-ethanol-Indomethacin. The area and ulcer index appearance of ulcers were quantified, and mucus was measured. Pretreatment with Croton oligandrum showed a remarkable decrease in ulcer area when compared with control groups. Croton oligandrum (50, 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg of body weight) exhibited gastroprotective activity and prevented both gastric lesions induced in rats.
Talip Küçükcan, Ali Köse, Doğal Âfetler ve Din (Marmara Depremi Üzerine Psiko-Sosyolojik Bir İnceleme), (İstanbul: İSAM, 2000), 190 sayfa, ISBN: 9789753893770
Authors: YILMAZ Emine
Published: December 2023

17 Ağustos'ta yaşanan depremin ardından İzmit, Adapazarı, Gölcük ve Yalova da alan araştırması yapılarak hazırlanan kitapta doğal afetin hayatın normal akışını altüst eden ve alışılagelmiş yaşam düzenini bozan olaylar olduğu görülmüştür. İnsanın özgüvenini olumsuz yönde etkileyen bu felaketler insanı ruhsal çöküntüyle karşı karşıya kalmasına neden olur. Araştırmanın en önemli bulgusu felaketi yaşayan kimselerin tepkilerinin olayı anlamaya çalışması olarak görüldüğü ifade edilir. Bu anlamlandırma çabası ise kişileri ‘’ depremin ardında metafizik bir güç olduğu ‘’ inancına yönlendirir. Felaketi yaşayan kimseler dini sembol ve kavramları kullanarak olayı anlamlandırmaya çalışır. Saha çalışmasında deprem anında zihinsel ve duygusal tepkiler dile getirilirken dini referanslı kavramlar kullanıldığı görülür. Bu da toplumdaki yaygın dini anlayışının ne kadar etkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Özellikle ahiret inancı olan kimselerde kayıpların kabullenilmesinin daha kolay olduğu görülür. Yapılan çalışmalara bakıldığında dini inanç ve törenlerin felaketzedelerin hayatına olumlu katkıda bulunduğu görülmektedir. Bu konuda kamu ve sivil kuruluşlar manevi destek için araştırma merkezi kurarak destek olmakla birlikte, donanımlı destek merkezlerinin oluşturulması birçok sıkıntının aşılmasında fayda sağlayacaktır.
Urban flood hazard assessment in Awka metropolis using multi-criteria decision process
Authors: Okafor Chukwuemeka Ernest  , Ono Mathew Nnoyelu  , Igbokwe Esomchukwu Chinagorom  , Anyadiegwu Princecharles Chukwuemeka
Published: December 2023

Urban flooding is an escalating global threat, and Awka Metropolis in Anambra state Nigeria is no exception. The city's rapid urbanization and inadequate infrastructure have left it increasingly vulnerable to flooding, exacerbated by the impacts of climate change. Anticipated flood effects include disruption of daily life, infrastructure damage, and threats to public safety, necessitating urgent attention. This study presents a comprehensive assessment of urban flood hazards in Awka Metropolis, utilizing an integrated approach combining the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Flood Hazard Index (FHI) to gauge the city's flood vulnerability. The primary objectives were to identify key geophysical factors contributing to flooding, categorize these factors by their vulnerability, determine their reliability indices, delineate flood-prone zones, and generate a spatial flood extent map. The methodology encompassed data acquisition, pre-processing, Flood Modeling (evaluating slope, Elevation, Drainage Network, and flow accumulation), the application of Analytical Hierarchy Process, and the utilization of the Flood Hazard Index. The results classified Awka Metropolis into three flood risk zones: high (837.84 hectares, 14.70%), moderate (2182.65 hectares, 38.30%), and low (2678.45 hectares, 46.99%). These findings provide indispensable insights into the distribution of flood hazards across the city, enabling urban planners and authorities to strategically allocate resources, prioritize mitigation initiatives, and formulate targeted flood risk reduction strategies. Importantly, the incorporation of stakeholder input enhances the study's practical relevance and applicability in real-world urban planning and disaster management scenarios. In conclusion, this research offers a robust and multidimensional framework for assessing urban flood hazards in Awka Metropolis. The synergy of the Analytical Hierarchy Process and Flood Hazard Index equips urban planners, policymakers, and disaster management agencies to proactively tackle the mounting urban flooding challenges. The study's outcomes contribute to the development of sustainable flood risk reduction measures, ultimately enhancing the resilience of Awka Metropolis to future flood events.
Aksaray İlinin Güneybatısındaki Toprakların Ağır Metal Kirliliğinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: KALKAN Murat , TERZİ Mustafa Haydar
Published: December 2023

Bu çalışma da Aksaray-Adana E-90 karayolunun çevresinde yerleşim yerleri, eğitim (üniversite), sanayi ve tarımsal faaliyetlerin sürdürüldüğü bölgede yer alan toprakların jeokimyasal olarak ağır metal içeriklerinin belirlenmesi ve ulusal-uluslararası belirlenmiş standartlarla karşılaştırılarak ağır metal kirliliğinin boyutlarının araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda 15 adet toprak örneği alınmış, bu örneklerin arsenik (As), kadmiyum (Cd), kobalt (Co), bakır (Cu), nikel (Ni) ve kurşun (Pb) içerikleri indüktif olarak eşleştirilmiş plazma-kütle spektrometresi (ICP-MS) cihazı kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen analiz sonuçlarına göre As içerikleri 2 ile 212,8 mg/kg, Cd içerikleri 0,1 ile 0,4 mg/kg, Co içerikleri 1,4 ile 19,1 mg/kg, Cu içerikleri 5,1 ile 39,6 mg/kg, Ni içerikleri 12,4 ile 110,7 mg/kg ve Pb içerikleri 7,6 ile 53,2 mg/kg arasında bulunmuştur. Analiz sonuçları çalışma alanındaki bazı toprak örneklerinin Avusturya, Belçika, Hollanda, İsviçre, Türkiye ve Dünya Sağlık Örgütüne ait toprakta belirlenen sınır değerlere göre As, Ni ve Pb açısından, üst kıtasal kabuk, dünya toprak ve şeyl gibi jeolojik ortalama değerlere göre ise As, Cd, Co, Cu, Ni ve Pb açısından zenginleştiğini göstermiştir. Bu karşılaştırmaların yanında jeo-birikim indeksi (Igeo) hesaplamalarına göre ise çalışma alanındaki topraklarda As, Cd, Ni ve Pb kirliliği olduğu belirlenmiştir. Igeo hesaplamalarında Co ve Cu açısından ise belirli alanlarda artış eğilimi olmasına rağmen önemli bir derecede kirlenme gözlenmemiştir.
Girişimcilik eğiliminin ciddi serbest zaman faaliyetleri ve süre değişkenleri açısından incelenmesi
Authors: AKSU Hasan Suat , KAYA Alper , DEMİREL Mehmet
Published: December 2023

Girişimcilik eğilimlerini belirlemeye yönelik yapılan çalışmaların ortak amacı, ulusların gelişimi için hayati bir rol oynayan girişimcilik faaliyetlerinin hangi faktörlere bağlı olarak değişebileceğini anlamlandırmaktır. Konuyla ilgili tasarlanan çalışmalar ağırlıklı olarak ekonomi alanı içerisinde değerlendirilebilirken, bireylerin serbest zamanlarında gerçekleştirdikleri faaliyetler ile girişimcilik eğilimleri arasında istatistiksel bir farklılık olup olmadığı henüz test edilmemiştir. Ciddi serbest zaman faaliyetleri kapsamı itibariyle girişimcilik eğilimini etkileyebileceği düşünülmektedir. Bu noktadan hareketle, bu betimsel tarama araştırmasının amacı, ciddi serbest zaman faaliyetlerine katılan bireylerin girişimcilik eğilimlerini, ilgilendikleri ciddi serbest zaman faaliyetinin türü ve bu faaliyete haftalık katılım süresi açısından incelemektir. Spor salonları ve doğa kulüpleri katılımcıları için 418 katılımcıdan elde edilen verilerle Manova testi yapılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, araştırmaya katılan bireylerin tercih ettikleri aktivite türü ile girişimcilik parametreleri arasında anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmamıştır. Sonuç olarak, ciddi serbest zaman faaliyeti tercihi ile girişimcilik eğilimi arasında anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmazken, faaliyet süresi değişkeni ile girişimcilik eğilimi arasında istatistiksel bir farklılık olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
The Impact of Child Labour: An Analytical Study
Authors: Bonagiri Om Meher  , Dr. Ramesh Kumar
Published: December 2023

Development is touching its peak daily in today's world, but Some issues remain constant. Child labor is the most underrated issue that cannot be controlled easily and increasing without any negotiations. When children are employed in jobs that rob them of their youth, prevent them from attending regular school, or are physically, intellectually, socially, or morally detrimental, this is referred to as child labor. Child labor is a major global issue that affects millions of children and their families. This form of exploitation prevents kids from exercising their right to education, healthy development, and safe childhood. The impact of child labor is far-reaching and can have long-lasting effects on children, their families, and communities. This form of exploitation deprives children of their right to education, healthy development, and safe childhood. The impact of child labor is far-reaching and can have long-lasting effects on children, their families, and communities. Children who are forced to work often experience physical and emotional harm, reduced opportunities for personal and academic development, and reduced future earning potential. Additionally, child labor perpetuates poverty and perpetuates the cycle of exploitation from generation to generation. The international community has made progress in addressing child labor, but much more needs to be done to eliminate this harmful practice and give kids the opportunity and support they need to succeed. The impact of child labor can only be fully addressed through a sustained and coordinated effort from governments, businesses, and civil society organizations despite being illegal in many countries, child labor remains a widespread problem, in particular in developing nations where poverty and a lack of educational opportunities encourage families to send their kids to work. The Impact of child labor includes impaired cognitive and physical development, decreased educational attainment, and perpetuation of the cycle of poverty.
Aspect-based Sentiment Analysis Model for Evaluating Teachers' Performance from Students' Feedback
Authors: Bhowmik Abhijit , Noorhuzaimi Mohd Noor  , Miah Md Saef Ullah , Karmaker Debajyoti
Published: December 2023

Evaluating teachers' performance is a fundamental pillar of educational enhancement, guiding the evolution of pedagogical practices and fostering enriched learning environments. This study pioneers an innovative approach by harnessing sentiment analysis within an aspect-based framework to decipher the intricate emotional nuances embedded within students' feedback. By categorizing sentiments as positive, negative, and neutral, we delve into the diverse perceptions of teaching aspects, offering a multifaceted portrait of educators' contributions. Through meticulous data collection, preprocessing, and a deep learning sentiment analysis model, we dissected student comments into distinct teaching aspects. The subsequent sentiment analysis unearthed positive, negative, and neutral sentiments. Positive sentiments highlighted strengths and effective communication, while negative sentiments illuminated areas for growth. Neutral sentiments provided contextual equilibrium, forming a holistic tapestry of teachers' performance. The proposed model achieved 86\% F1 score for classifying sentiments into three classes.
PERKEMBANGAN PUSAT PENGAJIAN TAHFIZ SWASTA PASCA PANDEMIK COVID-19 DI MALAYSIA: KESAN DAN PERSEPSI MASYARAKAT
Authors: Adnan Ikmal , Nasir Khairulnazrin , Abd Halim Ismail
Published: December 2023

Perkembangan pusat pengajian tahfiz di Malaysia telah menjadi isu yang semakin penting dalam konteks pendidikan agama di negara ini. Dengan peningkatan permintaan daripada masyarakat yang ingin mempelajari al-Quran, pusat-pusat pengajian tahfiz telah berkembang pesat di Malaysia. Namun, perkembangan ini juga menghadapi beberapa permasalahan yang perlu diselesaikan terutama selepas berlakunya pandemik Covid-19. Salah satu masalah utama adalah keperluan untuk menyediakan infrastruktur dan sumber daya yang memadai khususnya bagi pusat pengajian tahfiz swasta. Selain itu, terdapat juga keperluan untuk memperbaiki kualiti pengajaran dan pembelajaran dalam pengajian tahfiz. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk meneroka perkembangan pusat pengajian tahfiz swasta di Malaysia pasca pandemik Covid-19 serta menilai persepsi dan kesannya terhadap masyarakat. Kajian ini juga bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti masalah yang dihadapi oleh pusat pengajian tahfiz swasta berdasarkan persepsi masyarakat serta menyediakan cadangan penambahbaikan untuk memperbaiki keadaan ini. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan melibatkan temu bual dan pemerhatian terhadap pusat-pusat pengajian tahfiz swasta di Malaysia. Sampel kajian dipilih melalui kaedah pensampelan bertujuan untuk mendapatkan pandangan yang menyeluruh mengenai perkembangan pusat pengajian tahfiz. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa kesan dan pengaruh pusat pengajian tahfiz terhadap masyarakat adalah positif dan perlu dikekalkan serta dijaga. Walaupun terdapat pandangan yang mengatakan terdapat isu dan masalah yang berlaku terhadap pusat pengajian tahfiz swasta khususnya yang melibatkan pengurusan dan teknikal, namun ia merupakan isu terpencil dan dapat diatasi melalui kebersamaan antara kerajaan dan masyarakat. Ini menunjukkan pentingnya pemeliharaan pusat pengajian tahfiz swasta di Malaysia selepas pandemik Covid-19 dengan menangani isu-isu infrastruktur, kualiti pengajaran, dan pengurusan melalui kerjasama antara kerajaan dan masyarakat. Implikasinya termasuk langkah-langkah strategik seperti peningkatan infrastruktur, latihan guru, penerapan teknologi, dan penyediaan sokongan yang mencukupi.
MOTIVASI EKSTRINSIK: ANALISIS TERHADAP CABARAN MENGEKALKAN HAFAZAN AL-QURAN DALAM KALANGAN PELAJAR SARJANA MUDA PENGAJIAN QIRAAT USIM
Authors: Hussin Hayati , Ahmad Abdul Rahim , Saleh Muhammad Hafiz , Yahaya Mardhiah , Zakaria Rohana , Mohd Haridi Noor Hafizah
Published: December 2023

Peralihan pendidikan abad 21 menyaksikan cabaran yang getir buat golongan hafiz. Dalam konteks ini, kepimpinan dan pengurusan tahfiz perlulah berusaha ke arah mewujudkan suatu sistem pengurusan pendidikan yang efisien dalam menghasilkan golongan huffaz yang cemerlang. Amat membimbangkan apabila hasil daripada temuduga pelajar yang ingin menyambung ke peringkat pengajian tinggi mendapati terdapat lebih daripada 70% pelajar di Malaysia yang telah bergelar al-Hafiz dan al-Hafizah didapati tidak dapat mengekalkan hafazan walaupun semua pelajar tersebut telah berjaya menghafaz 30 juzuk al-Quran. Justeru kajian ini bertujuan untuk menerokai motivasi ekstrinsik serta menganalisis cabaran dalam mengekalkan hafazan al-Quran dalam kalangan mahasiswa bagi program sarjana muda qiraat di USIM (SMQ USIM). Kajian ini merupakan kajian kuantitatif dengan mengedarkan borang soal-selidik. Seramai 41 orang mahasiswa yang terlibat sebagai peserta kajian. Kajian berkaitan motivasi ekstrinsik isu dan cabaran cabaran mengekalkan hafazan al-Quran dalam kalangan pelajar tersebut dianalisis dengan menggunakan SPSS versi 23.0 bagi memperolehi skor peratusan dan min. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa motivasi ekstrinsik dalam kalangan pelajar sarjana pengajian qiraat USIM adalah berada ditahap sederhana tinggi (min=3.94). Kajian ini memberi implikasi yang sangat penting kepada pihak USIM secara khususnya dan Intitusi pengajian tahfiz di Malaysia secara umumnya agar memberi penekanan dalam aspek ulangan bermula daripada peringkat mula menghafal al-Quran sehingga semua pelajar serta mereka yang telah bergelar al-hafiz dan al-hafizah dapat menjaga hafazan al-Quran sehingga ke akhir hayat.
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF PREDIABETES AND IT’S DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT: A REVIEW
Authors: ASHRAF S , TAHIR A , SHABBIR A , AWAIS M , ALI A , SHAHZADI R , ULLAH S , IMTIAZ R , HAMEED S
Published: December 2023

A state of hyperglycemia known as prediabetes is characterized by glycemic indices that are above normal but still below the diabetes threshold. Pre-diabetes remains significantly connected with a yearly conversion rate of 5% to 10% to diabetes, even with differences in the diagnostic criteria among international professional organizations. Observational research suggests a potential link between prediabetes and diabetic sequelae, including small fiber neuropathy, early retinopathy, early nephropathy, and an increased risk of macrovascular disease. Numerous studies showing the value of lifestyle changes in avoiding diabetes have shown a relative risk reduction of 40%–70% in those with prediabetes. Although there is growing evidence that pharmaceutical therapy alternatives other than metformin are beneficial in preventing diabetes in individuals with prediabetes, their use is limited due to adverse effects. The health outcomes of childhood prediabetes have not been the subject of any rigorous evaluations. Pharmacotherapy for prediabetes may have uncertain consequences on a child's growth and pubertal development. High-risk individuals are advised to undergo secondary intervention with metformin pharmacotherapy; nevertheless, the eventual goal of therapy, the long-term cost-effectiveness of such interventions, and the advantages of early intervention are not well understood. In kids with prediabetes, pharmacotherapy needs to be used carefully. Prediabetes is the term for blood glucose levels that are higher than usual but not entirely above the diabetic threshold. In this at-risk status, diabetes is considered to be highly likely to develop. Even though prediabetes is usually an asymptomatic condition, it is always present before the beginning of diabetes. As hyperglycemia is a continuum, prediabetes cannot be ruled out as a completely benign illness. In this review, we discussed the difficulties in diagnosing prediabetes, the potential adverse health consequences that come with it, the available treatments for prediabetes, and the reasons behind using them.
OPTIMIZING MUNGBEAN YIELD AND NUTRITIONAL QUALITY: THE SYNERGISTIC IMPACT OF ZINC-ENRICHED SOIL APPLICATION AND AMINO ACID FOLIAR BOOST
Authors: MAQSOOD Z , ZAFFAR M , AKBAR H , HUMAIYON M , ASAD M , ALI S , MUNIR A , IRFAN M , NAWAZ A , HASSAN W
Published: December 2023

Zinc is crucial for chlorophyll production, and soil variables affect its availability for plants by regulating its sorption and desorption, thereby affecting its content. Amino acids are crucial proteins in plants for development, growth, and overall functioning, acting as stress-response molecules that initiate the production and accumulation of certain amino acids in response to environmental stresses. The study was designed in CRD-factorial to check the solo and combined application of amino acids (0 ppm, 250 ppm, and 500 ppm) and zinc (0 ppm, 10 ppm, and 15 ppm) on biochemical, growth, and yield attributes of mung bean. The results showed that total amino acids and phenolics were increased in dose (amino acids 250 + zinc 10) compared to control. In addition, crop growth rate (CGR) was increased in dose (amino acids 500 + zinc 10) over control. The 100-seed weight was also increased in dose (amino acids 250 + zinc 10) compared to control. The crop growth and yield rate decreased by increasing the amino acids and zinc doses. It is suggested to apply the dose (amino acids 250 + zinc 10) for better growth and yield production of mung bean.
CONTOURS OF AFRICAN DEMOCRACY: A NARRATIVE OF TAILORING GOVERNANCE TO LOCAL REALITIES– A GHANAIAN ODYSSEY
Authors: ABUBAKAR SİDDİQUE Harun
Published: December 2023

Democracy, as a system of government where the people have a say in the running of the affairs of the state, has been advocated largely by Western intellectuals and policymakers alike. Having taken root and bearing roots in Europe and beyond, it seems democracy offers some sort of hope and opportunity. However, for the African continent, this hope and opportunity continue to elude the people. This paper argues as its central point that for democracy to work effectively, it needs to take into consideration the cultural and traditional landscape of the region, state, or area where it is being implemented. The paper mentions the subjective nature of democracy and where its features or characteristics intersect. Africa as a continent must see and view democracy as such and go on to feature their traditions in their respective states. The paper mentions the efforts Ghana made (although with little democratic dividends) towards this argument and what happened to it.
FRANCE'S AFRICAN COLONIAL POLICIES IN THE EXAMPLE OF NORTH AFRICA
Authors: ALİ Mohamed Abdelrhman Mohamed
Published: December 2023

Between the 18th and the 20th century, France built a great colonial empire in Africa. The French Colonization had its authentic mentality since France as a state passed many historical developments, which consequently affected its colonial methods. The study aims to review summarily the French colonial policy by identifying general determinants for its methods by taking North Africa as a study case. The study starts with a brief look at the history of French colonialism and the philosophy of French colonialism. Then, the study reviews North Africa as a study case briefly as a practical example of those colonial styles. Throughout the essay, the study uses the historical approach and deduction from specific to general, and from the study case to generalize the whole scope of the study, in order to reach the result that the French colonization was more direct and violent compared to the British one. However, the French colonization was still influenced by the British methods in some areas, and North Africa is one of them. Moreover, the French colonization was based more on the idea of making those colonies part of the homeland of France, especially after the French Revolution.
THE IMPLICATIONS OF ARTISANAL SMALL-SCALE MINING ON FOOD SECURITY IN ZIMBABWE
Authors: MARUME Weston
Published: December 2023

Like many sub-Saharan African countries, Zimbabwe's economy and household livelihoods have traditionally been anchored on agriculture and farming. However, a radical shift has been witnessed, resulting in unprecedented growth in artisanal and small-scale mining. Various theories attempted to explain this phenomenon, including agricultural poverty due to climate change, rising prices of minerals, and economic decline, among others. The rapid growth in artisanal and small-scale mining has both positive and negative implications for food smallholder farming and ultimately all the dimensions of food security. Based on the literature review method, this essay, therefore, examines the nexus between artisanal and small-scale mining and food security. This study is important in shaping policies that strike a balance between food security and other economic activities that support livelihoods, specifically for vulnerable communities, in a sustainable manner.
INDIGENOUS PEOPLE AND HUMAN SECURITY: THE CASE OF OGIEK COMMUNITY IN KENYA
Authors: ALTINÇELEP Buket
Published: December 2023

One of Kenya’s indigenous people, the Ogieks have a long history of struggle and resistance to preserve their land, means of subsistence, identity, and cultural distinctiveness. Ogieks were able to protect their land rights through the African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights in 2017. In this regard, this article will examine the Ogiek’s case, providing a brief overview of its historical background, the judicial procedures, and a critical analysis utilizing a human security perspective based on global governance. Consequently, the purpose of this study is to respond to the question, ‘‘how does the application of a human security approach within global governance contribute to our understanding of the challenges faced by indigenous communities in the chosen case?’’. Taking into account that the Ogiek issue is not limited to a specific community, this study argues that the issues brought up by the Ogiek are more general concerns about land rights and general well-being that are relevant to many indigenous communities. As such, the Ogiek case aims to serve as a lens through which to examine the applicability of human security strategies in preserving the rights and general welfare of indigenous populations.
Integrated CNN and Waterwheel Plant Algorithm for Enhanced Global Traffic Detection
Authors:   Computer Science and Intelligent Systems Research Center, Blacksburg 24060, Virginia, USA, Rizk Faris H. ,   Department of Computer Systems, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia,   Computer Science and Intelligent Systems Research Center, Blacksburg 24060, Virginia, USA,   Department of Architecture, Delta Higher Institute of Engineering and Technology, Mansoura, Egypt,   Computer Science and Intelligent Systems Research Center, Blacksburg 24060, Virginia, USA, Arkhstan Sofia , Zaki Ahmed Mohamed , Kandel Mohamed Ahmed , Towfek S. K.
Published: December 2023

Traffic detection is critical in ensuring road safety and efficient traffic management, demanding deploying accurate and practical algorithms. This research explores the fusion of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and the Waterwheel Plant Algorithm to augment global traffic detection capabilities, utilizing a diverse dataset primarily collected from Turkey. A comprehensive evaluation of prominent CNN architectures, such as VGG19Net, AlexNet, ResNet-50, GoogLeNet, and a generic CNN, underscores substantial efficacy, with the CNN achieving an accuracy of 92.14%. Introducing the Waterwheel Plant Algorithm (WWPA) further enhances performance, as exemplified by the hybrid WWPA-CNN model, exhibiting an impressive accuracy of 97.28%. These findings highlight the promising synergies between traditional optimization algorithms and advanced neural networks, showcasing the potential for innovative developments in traffic monitoring systems and broader applications within computer vision. The statistical analyses, encompassing ANOVA and the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, robustly underscore the significance of this integrated approach. As the research contributes to the evolution of traffic monitoring systems, these insights provide a solid foundation for advancements in the field, fostering innovation and shaping the future landscape of computer vision applications.
Detection of Alternaria alternata Associated with Discolored Black Oat Seeds in Korea
Authors: Choi Ji-Min , Song Ji-Hye , Ahn Joonseob , Kim Dea-Wook , Yang Kwang-Yeol
Published: December 2023

In 2023, a number of seeds suspected to be discolored black oat seeds on oat farms in Gangjin were observed and examined for fungal infection. The species Alternaria alternata was predominant, accounting for 84% of all fungal infections. The appearance and quality of seeds harvested in 2022 were compared with seeds harvested in 2023 from the same field. The lightness value was lower in the seeds harvested in 2023, while the electrical conductivity was higher in the seeds harvested in 2023. The content of avenanthramide was found to be 10 times higher in the 2023 seeds than in those harvested in 2022. The accumulated precipitation in Gangjin in May 2023 was 230 times higher than that in May 2022, and the average relative humidity was high. These conditions created an environment suitable for infection of A. alternata, which were thought to have caused discolored black oat seeds.
Analysis of Molecular Diversity in Castanopsis sieboldii with Felt Disease Caused by Septobasidium sp.
Authors: Lee Geon-Woo , Seo Sang-Tae , Cha Byeongjin , Han Sang-Sub
Published: December 2023

In 2020, within the Dongbaekdongsan area in Jeju Island, a Septobasidium sp. associated with a felt disease in Castanopsis sieboldii (Makino) Hatus. ex T. Yamaz. & Mashiba was identified. The symptom included the presence of brown, thin, and silk-like mycelial mats attached to the tree's bark, displaying variations in size from large to small. To induce hyphal growth, the samples collected were incubated in a moist chamber, and the newly formed hyphae were subjected to genomic DNA extractions. The nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacer and small subunit rDNA genes were determined, and molecular characteristics among the isolates were investigated through polymerase chain reaction-based restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. This Septobasidium sp. exhibited distinct morphological and phylogenetic features compared to those that were previously reported in South Korea. Consequently, this strain is taxonomically classified as a provisionally novel species of Septobasidium. Furthermore, the observed felt disease exhibited a high degree of host specificity, as it was exclusively identified in C. sieboldii without occurrence in other tree species at the time of observation.
The Development of an Instructional Model Based on the Theory of Goal Attainment to Improve Communication Skills for Continuing Education
Authors: Li Zhang , Sereerat Bung - on , Songsiengchai Saifon , Thongkamsuk Penporn
Published: December 2023

This study investigates the factors influencing the development of communication skills among students at The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Recognizing the pivotal role of effective communication in healthcare, the research aims to identify key elements, such as the learning process, environment, teachers, and students, that significantly impact the acquisition of communication skills in a medical education context. The sample group was 30 students from The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. The research was conducted in three steps: studying the factors that affect the development of communication skills, developing the instructional model, and the experimental and improvement process. The research instruments were a questionnaire about factors that affect the development of communication skills, an interview form about factors that affect the development of students' communication skills, lesson plans, an observation form about student behavior, an interview form about opinions on teaching, and a communication skills scale. Findings revealed: 1) Principal factors influencing communication skills development include the learning process, environment, teachers, and students, respectively; 2) An instructional model grounded in the Theory of Goal Attainment materialized, comprising four core components: a) principles, b) objectives, c) learning process, and d) results; and 3) Post-implementation of the instructional model based on the Theory of Goal Attainment, students exhibited higher communication skill scores compared to pre-experimental levels, attaining statistical significance at the 0.05 level.
Guidelines for the Development of Financial Aid Education in Universities in Guangxi
Authors: Shaokun Wang , Keyuraphan Luxana , Sutheeniran Niran , Dechhome Patchara
Published: December 2023

The objectives of this research were 1) to study the current situation of financial aid education in universities in Guangxi, 2) to propose the guidelines for the development of financial aid education in universities in Guangxi, and 3) to evaluate the adaptability and feasibility of the guidelines for the development of financial aid education in universities in Guangxi. The sample group of this research was 274 financial aid administrators in 26 public undergraduate universities in Guangxi. They were selected by systematic random sampling and sample random sampling. The interview group was the center's leader for student financial aid from 11 universities, totaling 11 people. The experts for evaluating the adaptability and feasibility of guidelines for developing financial aid education consisted of high-level administrators from 7 universities, totaling seven people. The research instruments were document analysis, questionnaire, structured interview, and evaluation form. The data analysis statistics were percentage, average value, and standard deviation. The results found that the current situation of financial aid education in six aspects was high. Considering the results of this research, aspects ranging from the highest to lowest level were as follows: the highest level was the bursary system, followed by the student loan system, and the work-study system was the lowest level. The guidelines for developing financial aid education were divided into seven aspects, including 44 measures. The results of evaluating the adaptability and feasibility of guidelines for developing financial aid education were at the highest level.
The Development of Instructional Model Based on Gardner’s Multiple Intelligence Theory to Improve the Mathematics Achievements of Second Grade Primary School Students
Authors: Shuyin Tan , Sereerat Bung-on , Songsiengchai Saifon , Thongkamsuk Phenporn
Published: December 2023

This research aimed to 1) study the factors affecting the development of mathematics achievement of second-grade students in Qinhuang Town Primary School, 2) develop an instructional model based on Gardner’s Multiple Intelligence Theory, 3) compare the mathematics achievement of second-grade students before and after using an instructional model based on Gardner’s Multiple Intelligence Theory. The sample group was 30 second-grade students in Qinhuang Town Primary School. The research Instruments were 1) a questionnaire about the factors affecting elementary school students' mathematics achievement 2) an interview form about the factors affecting elementary school students' mathematics achievement 3) lesson plans 4) a mathematics achievement test 5) students' behavioral observation form 6) interview form about the opinions on teaching and learning. This study was conducted in three steps: a study of the factors affecting the development of second-grade students' mathematics achievement, the development of an instructional model based on Gardner’s Multiple Intelligence Theory, and an experimental and improvement process. Data were statistically analyzed, Qualitative data were analyzed through content analysis, and Quantitative data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, frequency, percentage, means, and standard deviation, and the different scores of mathematics achievement before and after using the instructional model were analyzed through t-test for dependent samples. The results of the study show that: 1) the factors affecting elementary school students' mathematics achievement include four aspects: 1) students 2) teachers 3) the learning process and the environment. 2) the instructional model consisted of four components: Principle, Objective, Learning Process, and Result. 3) the implementation of the instructional model based on the multiple intelligences students have after mathematics achievement was significantly higher than that before class with statistical significance at the level .01
Assessment of genetic variation and chemical composition of Origanumspp
Authors: Abushhewa H M , Abukreba A T , Khalifa M S , Lotti C , Ricciardi L , Bracuto V , Brunetti G , Verdini L , Nass A A , Mohsen W R , Gumma M O B , Mastro G
Published: December 2023

The study was carried out on 23 entries of Origanumcollected from different areas of south Italy. The 23 entries were characterizedvia determining the chemical composition of their essential oils and genetic variability. The gas-chromatography of the essential oils of oregano accessions allowed the detection of 44 components with the predominance of carvacrol, thymol, linalyl acetate, γ-terpinene, o-cimene, s-caryophylleneand cis-ocimene. A high variability in the main components concentration was revealed except in the case of the accessions 13, 14 and 15 where the linalyl acetate ranging between 51.27 and 60.93%, outlining a new oregano chemotype.Using hierarchical cluster analysis, four main groups of samples were observed. Genetic variability using the RAPD analysis was not able to reveal clear polymorphism PCR patterns useful to distinguish the entries.So that, we decided to conduct further molecular analyses to determine the genetic variation among the entries under investigation, using AFLPs a powerful tool to perform phylogenetic analysis. This technique shows a high capability in detecting genetic variation. Combination between fluorescent system and polyacrylamide gels allows obtaining large number of bands (225 to 557). Finally, thecurrent study shows thatthe Dendrogram of genetic similarity of Origanum is widely variable amongst genotypes of this plant.
Monitoring adverse drug reactions associated with bisphosphonates therapy among Libyan patients treated in public hospitals: the case of osteonecrosis of the jaw
Authors: Benkura Ghazi M , Alrrefay Aisha H , Hadod Manal A , Hamad Reem M , Benkorah Amal Y
Published: December 2023

This study was carried out to identify ADE, associated with the use of both PO and IV Bps among Libyan patients. The results indicated that significant number of patients have suffered different ADRs when using this group of medicines, for long period of time including BRONJ. The study has introduced BRONJ as being one of the major bisphosphonate-associated risks that causes decline in patients’ quality of life, and emphasized the importance of early detection of signs and symptoms associated with ONJ, thus reducing its incidence among Bps users. The results underlined the importance of investigating the prevalence of BRONJ among Libyan patients undergoing long-term Bps treatment, as has been emphasized by both TUH’ chief maxillofacial surgeon who introduced the two cases of BRONJ in only one month and the oncology clinical pharmacist who together sensed the aggravating risk of the misuse of this group of drugs and stressed the need to develop special protocol to ensure safe treatment.The study also pointed out the importance of multidisciplinary health team, including a dentist and a pharmacist, to ensure safe and effective use of this group of medications. This study therefore opens the door to investigate the adverse consequences that face patients undergoing bisphosphonate treatment. It also introduces all precautionary measures that should be taken into consideration when prescribing and administering bisphosphonates
Formulation and evaluation of Psyllium Husk-containing granules as a carrier to sustain the release of Water-Soluble drugs II
Authors: Ghwel Nesreen S , STreki Mahmud
Published: December 2023

In previous work, the use of psyllium huskas the main component of sustained release preparations, was investigated. Granules of Metformin HCl containing different hydrocolloids namely; psyllium Husk and sodium carboxy-methyl cellulose (Na CMC), “System I”, and granules of sodium salicylate containing these hydrocolloids in addition to stearic acid, “System II’ were prepared. In vitro release studies in phosphate buffer solution (pH 6.8) clearly revealed the superiority of psyllium husk and Na CMCcombination in sustaining the release of both drugs.  The introduction of stearic acid in formulations SC5 and SP5 have, significantly, slowed down the release of Sodium salicylate to 46% and 53%, respectively, after 7 hours. Mathematical modeling of the release data revealed that the release mechanism which describes the diffusion of both drugs from these systems is driven by a complex behavior such as swelling, matrix erosion as well as diffusion through the swollen matrix of most formulations. Evaluation of the drug release mechanism from these systems suggested that the release could be described by a complex mechanism, which may involve First-order kinetics, Higuchi diffusion controlled as well as Korsmeyer Peppas models
Time to Ban Nimesulide From the Libyan Medicines Market
Authors: Benkorah Amal Y , Hadood Manal , Rafaei Aisha , Benkura Ghazi
Published: December 2023

Nimesulide is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with analgesic and antipyretic properties which was launched in Italy as Aulin® in 1985.  Huge concerns were raised regarding this drug as its users are at a high risk for developing a serious ADR called Drug-Induced liver Injury which may lead to liver failure. The goal of this study was to sheds light on nimesulide which is present illegally in private pharmacies and to the harm that it may pose on public health; in order to draw the attention of the responsible authorities to the danger of its availability in our market. A survey of 65 pharmacies in Tripoli was conducted to identify the availability of nimesulide in these pharmacies. The knowledge of its different dosage forms, strength, brands available, pattern of prescribing, and ADRs among pharmacists and coworkers were all collected. 100 % response was obtained as 65 pharmacy personnel answered the questionnaire.  We found out that this medicine is available in all of them.  The response to the questionnaire is illustrated in figures from1 to 4. Nimesulide dispensing pattern was shown to be almost always through patients’ request. In conclusion, the uncontrolled presence of this medicine may pose a public health risk, therefore a request for its ban from Libyan market should be seriously considered
Incidence and Pattern of Impacted Caninein Zawia
Authors: Rohuma Mohamed , Hwas Rema M , Bshena Faten I
Published: December 2023

The aims of the present study was to evaluate the incidence and pattern of canine impaction in a population in Zawia city, using panoramic radiographs.507ortho-pantomographs were retrospectively examined from private clinics in Zawia city, Libya, between January 2018 and September 2019 to identify incidence of impacted canines. The radiographs showing canine impaction were further screened for; gender, site (upper and lower) and location (left or right or on both sides of the jaw) to study the effect it had on canine impaction.Out of 507panoramic radiographs, 38 cases were reported with one or more impacted canines, this study reported an incidence rate of 7.4%, with a male to female ratio of 1:3.1. Maxillary canine impactions(84.2%) were more frequent than mandibular canine impactions(15%), 26% of impactions occurred bilaterally. Maxillary impactions located on the left side were more than on the right side, while mandibular impactions were equally occurred on both sides. In conclusion, the incidence of canine impaction in a population in Zawia city/Libya was found to be 7.4%; this was within the range reported by previous studies among other populations
A Preliminary Study on pH Changes of Storage Solution and Weight Changes of Ionomer Cements: Influence of Phosphate Content
Authors: Albeshti Rawan M.
Published: December 2023

This in vitro study was carried out to investigate the impact of varying phosphate fractions on pH changes of storage solution of artificial saliva and weight changes for four experimental ionomer cements at specific time intervals. Three disc-form specimens for each composition were prepared, weighed-out (initial weight = W0) and then immersed individually in 10 ml of artificial saliva (initial pH = 6.5) for the experimental periods at 37oC. At 7, 14 and 28 days, the final pH values of artificial saliva solutions were measured using a pH electrode meter. The discs were immediately collected, dried and re-weighted (final weight = W1) to calculate the weight changes by percentage. All tested cements were bringing the pH slightly down towards the acidity level after 7 days, and then the values became relatively stable when the time progressed further up to 28 days. As well, the data showed that the less phosphate was added to the basic ionomer glasses, the less in fluence on pH rate was evaluated. A linear relationship between the pH values as a function of phosphate content was obtained at all time points. In terms of weight changes, there was a moderate increase in the mass during the entire experimental period. The extent of the changes in pH values of artificial saliva and in specimen's weights led to the conclusion that the ionomer glass components have a crucial role in controlling the material behaviour. Further studies have to be done
Հանքարդյունաբերության ոլորտի ներդրումային գրավչության բարձրացման հիմնախնդիրները
Authors: Շահինյան Տաթևիկ
Published: December 2023

Горнодобывающая промышленность считается отраслью повышенного риска, которая всегда находится в центре внимания правительств стран. Последние принимают множество мер, направленных на развитие горнодобывающей отрасли, обеспечение прозрачной правовой базы и создание возможностей для инвестиций. Добыча полезных ископаемых и развитие горнодобывающей промышленности требуют масштабных инвестиций и длительного процесса окупаемости, поэтому комплексное изучение отрасли и повышение инвестиционной привлекательности имеют первостепенное значение, что и определяет актуальность темы исследования.
The mining industry is considered a high-risk sector, which is always at the center of attention of the governments of countries. The latter are undertaking many measures aimed at the development of the mining industry, ensuring a transparent legislative framework and creating opportunities for investing in infrastructure.Extraction of minerals and development of the mining industry require large-scale investments and a long payback process, therefore comprehensive study of the sector and increase of investment attractiveness have primary importance, which determines the relevance of the study.