bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TWO-DIMENSIONAL CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORKS FOR WOOD QUALITY ASSESSMENT
Authors: MOUSAVI MOHSEN , GANDOMI AMIR H.
Published: December 2023

Different materials, including wood, have been tested using the contact Ultrasonic Testing (UT) technique. The time and velocity of the ultrasonic wave in a wood section have traditionally been monitored and correlated with wood quality. This practice, however, has not yielded satisfactory results, prompting researchers to develop new strategies to address the issue. In this study, the primary objective is to employ convolutional neural networks (CNN) to assess wood quality using the results of contact ultrasonic testing. To this end, 2D CNN models are employed to train on labeled ultrasonic signals as the training set. The developed models are thus set to solve supervised classification problems based on data gathered from testing specimens with various health conditions. The tested specimens are two types of wood with and without natural imperfections. Therefore, the size and shape of damage are different across specimens-billets harvested from trees at two sites in NSW and WA, Australia. This study aims to visualize and investigate the properties of the features extracted by the inner layers of the developed CNN models. This way, an unsupervised strategy can be devised to solve the clustering problem of woods based on their health condition.
STRUCTURAL NONLINEARITY EXTRACTION FROM VIDEO DATA FOR DAMAGE EVALUATION IN EARTHQUAKE EVENTS: EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION
Authors: WANG SIFAN , NISHIO MAYUKO
Published: December 2023

A development of a method of structural nonlinearity extraction is introduced for fast evaluation of structural damage conditions in post-earthquake events using the video data that is taken and shared in societies. The video data-based structural analysis has advanced rapidly in recent years due to advantages of non-contact data acquisitions, high spatial resolution in low-cost device, and so on. This study presents the experimental verification conducted by the shaking table tests, and to extract singularities spatial domains due to nonlinearity events using computer vision (CV)- based technology. In the shaking table test, two three-story aluminum frame models, whose modal frequencies are designed to become slightly different, are used to introduce some kinds of structural nonlinearities, such as hitting, boundary condition changes, and residual deformations in some of members. The present study solely concentrates on boundary condition nonlinearity, which is achieved by incorporating a controllable hinge member with a trigger magnet at the base of the columns to simulate the boundary constraint change from fixed end to hinge end during excitation. When the input excitation level is large enough, the magnets detach and cause the boundary constraint to change. A video camera is put in front of the model to capture the whole experiment, and the acquired video data are used for the verification. Optical flow method, as an effective video processing technique, can be used to estimate the real-world object motion between observer and scene by a dense field corresponding to the interframe displacement of each pixel. Farneback optical flow algorithm is selected here to extract the motion information of models; Then, the node strength index is introduced as the feature extraction to detect the nonlinearity events. The change in boundary conditions can significantly alter structural local motion information, leading to a clear mutation in node strength that can serve as an indicator of nonlinearity events. The results in this experimental study show the possibilities of video-based technology for the fast damage condition evaluation in the post-earthquake.
INTEGRATED TECHNOLOGY FOR DETECTION AND REPAIR OF MECHANICAL COMPONENT SURFACE FATIGUE MICROCRACKS USING PULSED LASER
Authors: CHENG QICHAO , ZHUANG DAMING , HE JUN , YANG SHIXI
Published: December 2023

During processing and service, various types of fatigue microcracks inevitably occur on the surfaces of mechanical components. If the microcrack is not repaired in a timely manner, it will continue to expand, affecting the safety and stability of the equipment. To this end, we introduce pulsed laser technology and propose an integrated technology for the detection and repair of mechanical component surface fatigue microcracks using pulsed laser. A finite element model is established to simulate the nonlinear interaction between fatigue microcracks and laser-generate Rayleigh wave, and the effects of parameters such as crack depth and width on the acoustic nonlinear index are investigated. On the basis of detection, the feasibility of the fatigue microcrack repair using laser melting effect is investigated. Simulation results show that contact and friction between crack interfaces must be considered, and the nonlinear modulation for Rayleigh wave mainly originates from the nonlinear interaction between the longitudinal wave component and the fatigue microcrack. The acoustic nonlinear index of longitudinal wave increases and decreases with the increase of crack depth and width, respectively. In addition, fatigue crack repair is feasible by properly adjusting laser parameters.
DAMAGE LOCALIZATION FRAMEWORKS BASED ON UNSUPERVISED DEEP LEARNING NEURAL NETWORKS
Authors: JUNGES RAFAEL , RASTIN ZAHRA , LOMAZZI LUCA , GIGLIO MARCO , CADINI FRANCESCO
Published: December 2023

In recent years ultrasonic-guided waves (UGWs) have been successfully employed in structural health monitoring (SHM) for damage localization due to their high sensitivity to changes in the mechanical properties of the medium they travel through. Lamb waves (LW) are a particular type of UGW that can be generated by piezoelectric transducers placed on thin-walled structures, such as vehicles in general (terrestrial, naval, and aeronautical), and present characteristics that are favorable to SHM. Damage localization using LWs has been commonly accomplished through tomographic algorithms. However, these methods have unresolved issues such as artifacts generation in damage probability maps and a strong reliance on sensor network configuration for signal acquisition. As a solution, data-driven approaches based on supervised machine learning have been suggested. These methods have demonstrated good performance. However, for reliable results, they require large, labeled datasets, meaning that acquisitions must be performed before and after the structure is damaged. These datasets, especially data from the damaged state, are generally not available for real-life structures, given the cost and complexity to experimentally replicate certain damages. Unsupervised machine learning methods might be a solution to this problem, given that the neural network is trained using data acquired from the un-damaged structure only. To this date, no fully unsupervised damage localization frameworks have been proposed. Hence, in this work, two unsupervised data-driven methods are presented to process LWs to localize damage. Specifically, convolutional auto-associative neural networks (CAANNs) and generative adversarial networks (GANs). Both methods process diagnostic signals without requiring any prior feature extraction. After all signals are processed, a damage probability map is generated. The performance of both methods is tested using an experimental dataset of LW acquisitions using a set of piezoelectric transducers on a full-scale composite wing. Results showed that the proposed methods have good damage localization accuracy.
La iconografía del silencio impuesto: El lenguaje de José Caballero
Authors: González Ruiz José
Published: December 2023

José Caballero fue un pintor onubense clave en las vanguardias del siglo XX. El artículo recorre brevemente su biografía personal y artística desde su traslado a Madrid, en un primer momento con el objetivo de cursar sus estudios en ingeniería, hasta su consolidación plena como artista en la cual consiguió crear un lenguaje pictórico propio. Para ello nos servimos, de un lado, de distintas fuentes bibliográficas tales como libros monográficos y catálogos de exposiciones, desde diferentes puntos de vista, así como de distintas fuentes que servirán para entender el contexto político, social y artístico de la España de aquellos años. De otro lado, nos serviremos del análisis de algunas de sus obras a fin de comprender la trayectoria del artista, así como sus distintas etapas y momentos más importantes.
Las Pintura de Vanguardia para los Ballets Rusos
Authors: Robles Claudia
Published: December 2023

El artículo trata sobre las relaciones entre la danza y las Vanguardias Históricas a través de los principales artistas y las obras fundamentales con las que tuvieron una relación directa. Eso permite analizar obras efímeras que en su día tuvieron una importante repercusión en la evolución de los principales movimientos artísticos y musicales.
De la escenografía tradicional española a la analogía con las vanguardias europeas de 1920 a 1936.
Authors: Galiardo Vivas Ignacio
Published: December 2023

Escenografía del teatro español de las décadas 1920 y 1930. Prestando especial atención en las propuestas de vanguardia ya que consideramos las imprescindibles para lograr comprender la nueva evolución espacial. Para ello ha sido conveniente una contextualización en la escenografía teatral europea. En el ámbito europeo se prestará especial atención a Gordon Craig, la Bauhaus y los Ballets Rusos. Mientras que la escenografía española, que es el pilar que tratar, se dividirá en dos; tradicional y de vanguardia. Dando prioridad a la estética que nos proporcionarán las propuestas de los autores Rivas Cherif y García Lorca.
Jake & Dinos Chapman a través de los Desastres de la guerra de Francisco de Goya.
Authors: Prieto Salas Belén
Published: December 2023

Es conocido por todos los interesados en la materia, el debate que genera la ambigüedad de ciertas acciones de Francisco de Goya y Lucientes. Muchos historiadores se han planteado la posibilidad de un Goya afrancesado, aunque la mayoría no admite discusiones en cuanto a su patriotismo. Las obras de los hermanos Chapman, ‘Insult to Injury’ y otras manifestaciones basadas en los ‘Desastres de la guerra’, poseen un trasfondo que dista mucho de la simple polémica que generan estos artistas. En el presente artículo expondremos una serie de hipótesis formuladas que interrelacionarían la intencionalidad de Goya y de los hermanos Chapman en ‘Insult to Injury’.
Ucrania, la guerra y las nuevas descolonizaciones
Authors: Patiño Villa Carlos Alberto , Almario García Óscar
Published: December 2023

La invasión rusa al territorio ucraniano, iniciada en febrero de 2022, ha marcado un hito en las relaciones internacionales contemporáneas y un impacto sustancial en el sistema internacional. El artículo se centra en proponer, desde el campo comprensivo de las ciencias sociales y humanas, el entendimiento de estos acontecimientos, por lo demás, inéditos en la política mundial actual, a partir de tres conceptos fundamentales: (i) la justificación rusa de sus acciones, como parte de un proceso de reimperialización, amparándose en un relato histórico, para reclamar antiguos territorios; (ii) la perspectiva ucraniana, que se enmarca en una postura neonacionalista, como estrategia de defensa armada de su territorio y proyecto político como Estado soberano e independiente, y (iii) desde la perspectiva de las descolonizaciones, que pretende indagar sobre la relación y la tensión de ambos campos de fuerza (Rusia y Ucrania), a la luz de procesos históricos que se reactualizan y reconfiguran el mapa geopolítico mundial.
Failure factors of AI projects: results from expert interviews
Authors: Schlegel Dennis , Schuler Kajetan , Westenberger Jens
Published: December 2023

In the last few years, business firms have substantially invested into the artificial intelligence (AI) technology. However, according to several studies, a significant percentage of AI projects fail or do not deliver business value. Due to the specific characteristics of AI projects, the existing body of knowledge about success and failure of information systems (IS) projects in general may not be transferrable to the context of AI. Therefore, the objective of our research has been to identify factors that can lead to AI project failure. Based on interviews with AI experts, this article identifies and discusses 12 factors that can lead to project failure. The factors can be further classified into five categories: unrealistic expectations, use case related issues, organizational constraints, lack of key resources, and technological issues. This research contributes to knowledge by providing new empirical data and synthesizing the results with related findings from prior studies. Our results have important managerial implications for firms that aim to adopt AI by helping the organizations to anticipate and actively manage risks in order to increase the chances of project success.
CLIPS: Enriching interorganizational R&D project management by a project culture focus
Authors: Dieterich Katharina , Ohlhausen Peter
Published: December 2023

Project managers still face management problems in interorganizational Research and Development (R&D) projects due to their limited authority. Addressing a project culture which is conducive to cooperation and innovation in interorganizational R&D project management demands commitment of individual project members and thus balances this limited authority. However, the relational collaboration level at which project culture manifests itself is not addressed by current project management approaches, or it is addressed only at a late stage. Consequently, project culture develops within a predefined framework of project organization and organized contents and thus is not actively targeted. Therefore, a focus shift towards project culture becomes necessary. This can be done by a project-culture-aware management. The method CLIPS actively supports interorganizational project members in this kind of management. It should be integrable in the common project management approaches, that with its application all collaboration levels are addressed in interorganizational R&D project management. The goal of this paper is to demonstrate the integrability of the method CLIPS and show how it can be integrated in common project management approaches. This enriches interorganizational R&D project management by a project culture focus.
A dog is for life, not just for Christmas
Authors: Saunders Rebecca
Published: December 2023

It is believed that over a third of UK households now have a pet dog, and a Dogs Trust study found that dogs are not only considered as companion animals or pets but are also often perceived as family members who ‘complete’ the home and with whom owners form emotional bonds.
Radiological and Functional Outcomes of Conservatively Managed Osteoporotic Vertebral Fractures at the Thoracolumbar Junction: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors:   Department of Ortho-Spine Surgery, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India, Acharya Shankar , Thapa Jagadish ,   Department of Ortho-Spine Surgery, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India,   Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal, Chahal Rupinder Singh ,   Department of Ortho-Spine Surgery, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India, Kalra Kashmiri Lal ,   Department of Ortho-Spine Surgery, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India, Kaucha Deepak ,   Department of Ortho-Spine Surgery, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India,   Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, B & B Hospital Pvt. Limited, Lalitpur, Nepal
Published: December 2023

OBJECTIVE This study examined how osteoporotic vertebral fracture (OVF) patients treated conservatively at a multi-specialty hospital were progressing clinically and radiologically. METHODS This cross sectional, observational study was conducted at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India during the period of July 2021 to October 2021. Cases with at least a 6-month follow-up were evaluated. VAS pain score, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and local kyphotic angle (COBB’s angle) at the time of fracture and at the latest follow-up were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS There were 30 patients (female: male = 2.75:1) with a mean age of 67.37 years (45-85). The average VAS score at the time of fracturewas 8 (6 to 10) and at the time of final follow-up was 2 (1 to 6) (p = 0.001). The average ODI score at the time of fracture was 44 (35 to 62) and at the time of final follow up was 5 (4 to 40) (p = 0.001). The average Cobb’s angle at the time of fracture was 14.31o and at the final follow up was 15.66o (p = 0.011). CONCLUSIONS Conservative management of OVF can lead to an increase in the local kyphotic angle. The fact that the patients experienced significant decreases in VAS pain scores and ODI scores by the final follow-up leads to the conclusion that patients can have a good quality of life even with conservative management of osteoporotic vertebral fractures. KEYWORDS conservative management, osteoporotic, thoracolumbar, vertebral fracture
Acercamiento crítico a las intervenciones psicológicas en centros penales juveniles de Costa Rica (1996-2021)
Authors: Masís Méndez María José
Published: December 2023

Este artículo se propone reflexionar en torno al quehacer psicológico en centros penales juveniles de Costa Rica, en el período comprendido entre 1996 y 2021. Se eligió la metodología cualitativa y el método de construcción de narrativas partiendo de entrevistas a informantes clave junto a revisión documental para la comprensión del tema en estudio. Concretamente, se analizarán las finalidades que se atribuye a la privación de libertad, la concepción en torno a la delincuencia y los propósitos que se asignan a las intervenciones psicológicas cuando de personas jóvenes recluidas se trata
Reseña de 'Correvo pensando ad Anna. Una storia degli anni settanta'
Authors: Rivera Beiras Iñaki
Published: December 2023

Reseña del libro 'Correvo pensando ad Anna. Una storia degli anni settanta' , Pasquale Abatangelo, Ed. Pgreco 2018, 400 pp.
Viviendas de bóveda catenaria en la sierra de Guadarrama durante la Guerra Civil española
Authors: Arévalo Molina Jacinto M , Schnell Quiertant Pablo
Published: December 2023

Durante la Guerra Civil Española se planteó la necesidad de construir alojamientos invernales para los combatientes en la sierra de Guadarrama que sustituyesen a las chabolas empleadas hasta entonces. Se ensayaron diversas soluciones, como viviendas con techo plano, cuarteles blindados o barracones de diversos tipos.  Avanzado 1937 en el frente guarnecido por la división 72ª del ejército nacional aparecen unas viviendas específicas cubiertas con bóveda catenaria. Eran versátiles, fáciles y rápidas de construir y en caso de necesidad podían blindarse convirtiéndose en abrigos a prueba o nidos de ametralladora. Se hicieron con relativa abundancia en ese sector del frente y parece que no tuvieron continuidad acabada la guerra. El conocimiento que tenemos de ellas es escaso, más allá de su mera enumeración en la bibliografía y algún artículo específico de época. Lo que sabemos deriva principalmente de la información obtenida del estudio de sus restos y algunos documentos de archivo.
Individual Psychology as Second-Person Psychology: Heinz L. and Rowena R. Ansbacher Memorial Lecture
Authors: Bluvshtein Marina
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT: Exploring the membership archives of the North American Society of Adlerian Psychology (NASAP, initially ASAP) from 1952 until the early 2000s revealed many hidden treasures. The applications from the 1950s to the 1980s, most completed by hand, share applicants’ reasons for joining, their education and training background in Individual Psychology, their fields of interest, and their professional activities. Early files also contain letters of reference, each ending with a confirmation that an “applicant’s orientation can be classified as Adlerian” or a similar endorsement. This article presents the demographic profiles of the 6,357 NASAP applicants between 1952 and 2009, focusing on professional identity, theoretical orientation, and commitment to Adlerian values, as expressed in these application materials. The second-person interactions that were prominent and popular in the Adlerian movement in the United States through the 1990s—teaching, correspondence, mentorship, open forums, and other you -focused activities—likely contributed to high NASAP membership numbers between 1952 and the early 1990s.
Prevalence of Resilience, Risk, and Protective Factors in Children and Youth in Foster Care: A Systematic and Meta-Analytic Review
Authors: Fisher Reyna N. , Sepehry Amir A. , Maglio Asa-Sophia T.
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT: Youth in foster care often experience abuse, disrupted attachment, social ostracization, and challenges in developing belonging and social interest. Some fostered youths are resilient, but the prevalence and impact factors of resilience are unknown. This meta-analysis includes studies ( k = 89; N = 121,869) with participants aged 0–19 years from demographically diverse regions worldwide. The prevalence rate (event rate, i.e., the proportion of the sample assessed as resilient; ER) for aggregated resilience (behavioral and psychological resilience combined) was 0.61 ( k = 89; 95% CI 0.56–0.66; p < .001). Male sex and race were significant risk factors. Those aged 7–11 years had the lowest resilience ERs (combined = 0.58 vs. 0.63), suggesting developmental impacts and mistaken lifestyles (i.e., mistakes in the chosen way to approach tasks and problems; Adler, 1931) reinforced in school. Interventions must accommodate different sexes, ages, and races and should incorporate Adlerian principles (e.g., encouragement, understanding mistaken beliefs, social embeddedness, motivations). Developmental and trauma-informed policies are needed.
Small-Scale Food Production in the Pandemic: Perspectives from Mexico and Guatemala / Producción de alimentos en pequeña escala durante la pandemia: perspectivas desde México y Guatemala
Authors: Dean Jake W. , Rice Anika M. , Choi Linda M.
Published: December 2023

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content: As researchers conducting fieldwork in the era of COVID-19 in Mexico and Guatemala, we observed how the pandemic dramatically altered small-scale food production systems. Given the differentiated impacts of COVID-19 on agri-food systems and the diversity of strategies implemented across scales in Mexico and Central America (Lopez-Ridaura et al., 2021), we present three perspectives to highlight the variability in socioeconomic disruptions, local market alterations, and responses among (a) smallholder members of Guatemalan farmer organizations involved in agroecology from A.M. Rice, (b) agroecological producers in Oaxaca, Mexico from L.M. Choi, and (c) small-scale fishers in Baja California Sur (BCS), Mexico from J.W. Dean. We find variability in the effects of supply chain disruptions and the spectrum of shifts to alternative products or markets, as mediated through localized producer networks. We focus on the immediate impacts and responses to the pandemic (reporting primarily on fieldwork between 2020–2022).
Cimarronaje urbano: la solidaridad comunitaria en tiempos de inundación y desastre de estado en Esmeraldas, Ecuador / Urban Marronage: Community Solidarity in Times of Flood and State Disaster in Esmeraldas, Ecuador
Authors: Castillo Sinisterra Andrea , Valdivia Gabriela
Published: December 2023

Si uno centra la atención en los medios de comunicación globalizados, podría asumir que los crímenes contra la humanidad ya no constituyen una crisis novedosa; se han vuelto rutinarios, sobre todo en cuestiones de emergencias sanitarias en áreas donde habitan las poblaciones afrodescendientes de las Américas. Es como si frente a las prácticas genocidas antinegras ahora se responda: “¿Qué más hay de nuevo?” (Marshall, 2020).
Analysis of Imperfections in Quasi-Phase-Matched Thin-Film Lithium Niobate Waveguides
Authors: Gebregiorgis Yonas , Monteleone Joseph , Howland Gregory , Yao Peng , Prather Dennis , Preble Stefan
Published: December 2023

In this paper we have analyzed the impact of imperfections on duty-cycle, period, thickness and width of thin-film lithium niobate waveguides for frequency conversion.
Adaptive Optics Enabled Imaging Technique of a Human Eye
Authors: Ghosh Sumit
Published: December 2023

SCE can be described as the directional sensitivity of photoreceptors. In this paper we have presented the results of the incoherent image formation of periodic objects by a human eye in the presence of SCE.
In-Silica Study Towards the Thermal Effect Produced by 976 Nm Laser on Dental Hard Tissue
Authors: Alaalem Dalia , Mihad  , Khatmi Ghazi
Published: December 2023

The aim of this in Silica study was to evaluate thermal effects on dental hard tissue using a 976 nm diode laser with different power settings and irradiation modalities using heat transfer equation.
Light Field Denoising with Adaptive Stochastic Gradient Langevin Dynamics
Authors: Guo Haiyan , Qiu Jun , Zhang Haimiao
Published: December 2023

We propose a self-supervised learning method for light field denoising (LFDN). Numerical experiments on a simulated light field dataset verified that our LFDN model within the Adaptive Stochastic Gradient Langevin Dynamics framework is superior to the classical denoising methods.
Phase noise-induced interference for coherently detected OTDR systems
Authors: Liu Zexu , Lu Weiqi , Liu Lei , Shieh William
Published: December 2023

The phase noise-induced interference (PNII) in coherently detected OTDR systems is investigated. A close-form relationship between signal to (interference) noise ratio (SNR) and laser linewidth is derived for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, and numerical simulations are conducted to verify the theoretical results. Additionally, the proportion of noise composition of PNII is studied. It is shown that the amplitude noise accounts for one-third of the total interference. This analytical form of PNII will assist in understanding the COTDR system that utilizes the full field of information (rather than intensity alone) at the receiver and, more importantly, provides a crucial guideline for designing high-performance and cost-effective COTDR systems in various applications.
Digital financial inclusion and welfare: Effect, mechanism and imbalance
Authors: Li YanLong , Peng Jin
Published: December 2023

This study utilizes provincial panel data from China spanning from 2013 to 2019 and considers indices such as residents’ income, employment, housing, education, and medical care to comprehensively measure the welfare index of each province using the coefficient of variation. It also examines the impact and mechanism of digital financial inclusion on welfare and evaluates its influence on welfare imbalance through panel data models and RIF regression. The estimation results of digital financial inclusion on welfare indicate that digital financial inclusion is an important driver elevating the income, employment, housing, education, medical treatment and other welfares of Chinese residents, and the conclusion remains robust after using instrumental variable estimation and replacing the measurement method of welfare. Regional differences reveal that digital financial inclusion has a greater contribution to the welfare in the Midwest. The effect mechanism test shows that digital financial inclusion improves the welfare by creating employment opportunities and plays a greater role in the Midwest, and will also improve the welfare by increasing the welfare expenditure. However, this mechanism will exacerbate the welfare imbalance between the Midwest and East. The estimation results of digital financial inclusion on the welfare imbalance show that digital financial inclusion reduces welfare imbalance between the central and western regions and the eastern regions, as well as within the central and western regions.
Simulating emergence of novelties using agent-based models
Authors: Suda Mikihiro , Saito Takumi , Iwahashi Nanami , Regan Ciaran , Oka Mizuki
Published: December 2023

Understanding the growth and evolution of social networks is an important area of study, as these networks form the foundation for many popular online services such as social networking sites (SNS) and online games. However, previous models developed to explain the growth mechanisms of these networks have struggled to accurately reproduce certain behaviors that are frequently observed in real data, such as waves of novelty, in which new individuals or topics receive more attention than existing ones for a short period of time. In this study, we introduce a new model that incorporates context information into existing agent-based models in order to more accurately capture the structure and growth dynamics of these networks. Context information is introduced through labels based on the timing of appearance and relationships with antecedent agents. New agents are first added to the network when they are called by existing agents, and at this time they are also given a label. Agents added to the network at the same time by the same agent will have the same label. These labels are used to classify agents and give them different selection probabilities. This newly introduced selection probability creates a mechanism in which new agents receive attention beyond preferential attachment. By comparing the results of our model with real data on ten metrics, we demonstrate that it is able to produce behavior that more closely resembles real data. This improved understanding of the dynamics of social networks has important implications for designing effective interventions, including strategies for user acquisition and retention.
Estimating bidirectional effects between social connectedness and mental health in adolescent students: Addressing biases due to endogeneity
Authors: Sakellariou Chris
Published: December 2023

Research on the bidirectional relationship between social connectedness and health/mental health in adolescents is scarce, with most studies on adults. Some of the existing studies exploited the availability of longitudinal data to provide evidence of the existence of a causal relationship, either from social connectedness to health or establish a bidirectional relationship. There are at least two weaknesses associated with earlier research to assess the size of the effects. As acknowledged in the literature, one relates to attributing causality to empirical findings, due to well-known but inadequately addressed endogeneity biases. The other relates to failure to account for potentially important covariates, sometimes due to data limitations, or because such variables are not frequently used in sociological research. Existing research predominantly finds that the strongest path is from social connectedness to health/mental health, with effect estimates modest in size. I followed a quasi-experimental strategy by modelling adolescent students’ perceptions of social connectedness and mental health perceptions as potentially endogenous variables when estimating bidirectional effects. An instrumental variables (IV) modelling approach was followed, supplemented with a recently developed alternative approach to testing the exclusion restrictions of individual instruments. I exploited the rich information available in the PISA 2018 multi-country dataset, which allows for conditioning for a wide array of information on adolescent students’ personal circumstances, self-reported personality-related attributes, relationships with parents; and school characteristics. I found that (1) accounting for endogeneity biases is important; and (2) as opposed to findings reported in the literature, the dominant effect is from mental health perceptions to social connectedness for both male and female participants. The policy relevance of the findings is that adolescent mental health should be the primary focus of interventions, i.e., identifying and treating mental health symptoms as a primary intervention and as a precursor to improving the social connectedness of adolescents.
Ultrasound-guided medial branch of the superior laryngeal nerve block to reduce peri-operative opioids dosage and accelerate patient recovery
Authors: Kang Qiuxiang , Wu Liang , Liu Yaohong , Zhang Xu
Published: December 2023

Background

To explore whether the medial branch block of superior laryngeal nerve can reduce the stress response of patients undergoing intubation and further reduce the dosage of opioids.

Methods

80 patients undergoing gynecological laparoscopic surgery were selected, and randomly divided into 4 groups. All patients in the experimental groups received bilateral internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve block and transversus abdominis plane block. But the dosage of sufentanil used for anesthesia induction in the group A, B, and C was 0.4, 0.2, and 0μg/kg, respectively. Group D do not underwent supralaryngeal nerve block and the dosage of sufentanil was 0.4μg/kg. The heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure(MAP) were recorded at the time of entering the operating room(T1), before intubation after induction(T2), immediately after intubation(T3), 5min after intubation(T4), before extubation(T5), immediately after extubation(T6), 5min after extubation(T7). We also recorded the stay time in the recovery room, the number of cases of postoperative sore throat, the number of cases of nausea and vomiting, the first intestinal exhaust time, the length of hospital stay after operation.

Results

The HR of group A, C and D at T3 was significantly higher than that at T2(P < 0.01), while the HR of group B had no significant change. The HR of group A, C and D at T4 was lower than that at T3(P < 0.01), while the HR of group B had no obvious change. The HR of group C and D at T3 was significantly higher than that at T1 (P < 0.01). The MAP of group A and D at T4 was significantly lower than that at T1 (P<0.001). The first postoperative intestinal exhaust time in group A, B and C was significantly shorter than that in group D. The length of hospital stay after operation in group B and C was shorter than that in group D.

Conclusions

Ultrasound-guided superior laryngeal nerve block combined with 0.2μg/kg sufentanil can reduce the intubation reaction, have better hemodynamic stability, reduce the first postoperative intestinal exhaust time and postoperative hospital stay, thereby accelerating the postoperative recovery of patients.
A scoping review on the psychosocial interventions used in day care service for people living with dementia
Authors: Tuohy Dympna , Kingston Liz , Carey Eileen , Graham Margaret , Dore Liz , Doody Owen
Published: December 2023

Background

Adult Day care centres provide an important aspect of care provision through all phases of the dementia illness from diagnosis to the end of life (Dabelko HI 2008) supporting the well-being of both older people living with dementia and their care partners. Services within adult day care settings are designed to provide biopsychosocial health benefits to participants as well as care partner respite.

Objective

To examine research studies, literature reviews and grey literature and identify and map the literature on psychosocial interventions used in day care services for older people living with dementia and chart their use, evaluation and outcomes. The research review question is “what are the psychosocial interventions used in day care service for older people living with dementia?” Psychosocial interventions are important non-pharmacological interventions which support people’s wellbeing.

Methods

Inclusion/Exclusion criteria were identified and guided the search strategy. Participants were people aged 60 years and over living with dementia attending day care services. The use of psychosocial interventions for this cohort was the focus of the review. Databases were searched (Cochrane Reviews, CINAHL, Embase, Medline EBSCO, Medline Ovid, Medline PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, Open Grey, Lenus and WHO Global Index Medicus databases) using keywords/terms with Boolean operators from 2011 to 2023. Rayyan was used to extract and manage the data.

Results

The findings present a narrative and charting of the data from the 45 papers that met the review criteria, and this data is mapped onto the five objectives. Within this review, interventions were grouped into five broad types: nature (n = 6 papers), memory/cognitive (n = 11 papers), social (n = 17 papers), animal (n = 4 papers), or physical/sensory (n = 7 papers) based interventions.

Conclusions

This review has illustrated the wide variety in the types, range and facilitation of psychosocial interventions within adult day care services. This review highlights the potential benefits of these interventions. However, findings must be considered in the context that many were provided as brief intervention studies with little evidence of continuation after the study and further research is required given the complex and diverse range of interventions. Results will be of interest to practitioners planning to implement or evaluate psychosocial interventions used in day care services for older people living with dementia.
Effect of screw angulation and multiple insertions on load-to-failure of polyaxial locking system
Authors: Glowacki Jakub , Bartkowiak Tomasz , Paczos Piotr , Mietlinski Patryk , Zawadzki Pawel , Lapaj Lukasz
Published: December 2023

Purpose

Polyaxial locking plates rely on the alignment between the thread-to-thread connections of the screw head and the plate hole. These implants have provided substantial support for surgeons. In particular, extended screw positioning have proven to be beneficial in the fixation of challenging fractures. This study aimed to investigate the mechanical properties of ChM 5.0 ChLP polyaxial screws inserted in off-axis trajectories, including multiple insertions and to correlate these parameters with the screw head and the plate hole thread-to-thread engagement.

Methods

Polyaxial locking screws were inserted into the plates at various angles (0°,10°,15°, -15° off-axis). Multiple time inserted screws were placed firstly at 15°, then 0° and finally -15° off-axis in the same plate hole. A microCT scan of the plate-hole and screw-head interface was conducted before destructive tests. Representative screws from each group were also examined by Scanning Electron Microscope.

Results

The standard insertion at 0° sustained the greatest maximum bending strength without relocation in the screw hole. Screws inserted at 10° and 15° (one time) showed a significant reduction in load-to-failure of up to 36% and 55%, (p = 0.001) (p = 0.001) respectively. Screws inserted at -15° after a maximum of three multiple insertions with angle shift, showed a total reduction in force of up to 70% (p = 0.001). A microCT analysis of thread engagement showed significant correlations. However, the results obtained for multiple insertions were highly variable.

Conclusions

ChM 5.0 ChLP polyaxial locking system has valuable properties that foster fracture fixation, providing various surgical options. Nevertheless, the freedom of off-axis placement and multiple insertions of the screws comes at the price of reduced force. When possible surgeons should minimize the angles of insertions.
Sugarcane stem node identification algorithm based on improved YOLOv5
Authors: Xie Zhongjian , Li Yuanhang , Xiao Yao , Diao Yinzhou , Liao Hengyu , Zhang Yaya , Chen Xinwei , Wu Weilin , Wen Chunming , Li Shangping
Published: December 2023

Identification of sugarcane stem nodes is generally dependent on high-performance recognition equipment in sugarcane seed pre-cutting machines and inefficient. Accordingly, this study proposes a novel lightweight architecture for the detection of sugarcane stem nodes based on the YOLOv5 framework, named G-YOLOv5s-SS. Firstly, the study removes the CBS and C3 structures at the end of the backbone network to fully utilize shallow-level feature information. This enhances the detection performance of sugarcane stem nodes. Simultaneously, it eliminates the 32 times down-sampled branches in the neck structure and the 20x20 detection heads at the prediction end, reducing model complexity. Secondly, a Ghost lightweight module is introduced to replace the conventional convolution module in the BottleNeck structure, further reducing the model’s complexity. Finally, the study incorporates the SimAM attention mechanism to enhance the extraction of sugarcane stem node features without introducing additional parameters. This improvement aims to enhance recognition accuracy, compensating for any loss in precision due to lightweight modifications. The experimental results showed that the average precision of the improved network for sugarcane stem node identification reached 97.6%, which was 0.6% higher than that of the YOLOv5 baseline network. Meanwhile, a model size of 2.6MB, 1,129,340 parameters, and 7.2G FLOPs, representing respective reductions of 82%, 84%, and 54.4%. Compared with mainstream one-stage target detection algorithms such as YOLOv4-tiny, YOLOv4, YOLOv5n, YOLOv6n, YOLOv6s, YOLOv7-tiny, and YOLOv7, G-YOLOv5s-SS achieved respective average precision improvements of 12.9%, 5.07%, 3.6%, 2.1%, 1.2%, 3%, and 0.4% in sugarcane stem nodes recognition. Meanwhile, the model size was compressed by 88.9%, 98.9%, 33.3%, 72%, 92.9%, 78.8% and 96.3%, respectively. Compared with similar studies, G-YOLOv5s-SS not only enhanced recognition accuracy but also considered model size, demonstrating an overall excellent performance that aligns with the requirements of sugarcane seed pre-cutting machines.
TCP BBR-n: Increased throughput for wireless-AC networks
Authors: Ahsan Muhammad , Muhammad Sajid S.
Published: December 2023

Google proposed a new TCP congestion control algorithm (CCA), Bottleneck Bandwidth and Round-trip propagation time (BBR) which has opened up new dimensions in congestion control. BBR tries to operate near Kleinrock’s operating point to avoid excessive queue formation at the bottleneck and to use the link bandwidth optimally. BBR creates a model of the network path by measuring the bottleneck bandwidth and minimum round-trip time (RTT) to maximize the delivery rate and minimize latency. BBR v2 is an updated version of BBR which addresses many shortcomings of the original BBR (BBR v1) such as interprotocol fairness, RTT fairness, and excessive retransmissions. However, BBR v2 has certain limitations in its operation in IEEE 802.11ac (Wi-Fi 5) networks. The default BBR v2 limits the throughput of Wi-Fi 5 and an increased latency has been observed. This is because the Wi-Fi 5 frame aggregation logic is underutilized and fewer frames are being sent to the Wi-Fi 5 interface. In this paper, we have proposed BBR-n (BBR new) which provides better throughput than the generic BBR v2 in the Wi-Fi 5 networks. Real-time experiments were performed over a physical testbed using Flent to confirm that BBR-n achieves over double throughput as compared to generic BBR v2 and reduced latency in networks as compared to pure loss-based variants such as Cubic and Reno.
A non-socially-sensitive predictive model of prostate cancer for Asian males with benign prostatic hyperplasia: A multi-site cross-sectional case-control study
Authors: Chang Heng-Jui , Moi Sin-Hua , Chan Yu-Jiun , Lan Tzuo-Yun
Published: December 2023

Background

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is common in aging Asian males and is associated with an excess risk of developing prostate cancer (PCa). However, discussions about socially-sensitive experiences such as sexual activity, which can significantly predict PCa risk, may be considered stigmatized in Asian culture. This study aimed to develop a predictive model for PCa risk in Asian males with BPH using non-socially-sensitive information.

Methods

A cross-sectional case-control study, with PCa patients as the cases and remaining as the controls, was conducted on a cohort of Taiwanese males with BPH from four medical institutions. Patients who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled, excluding those aged over 86 years or who had received human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination. Non-socially-sensitive variables such as obesity, occupational exposure, HPV infection, and PCa family history score (FH score) were included in a fully adjusted logistic regression model, and depicted using a nomogram.

Results

Among 236 BPH patients, 45.3% had PCa. Obesity, occupational exposure, HPV infection, and family history of PCa were significantly associated with PCa risk. The FH score (OR = 1.89, 95% CI = 1.03–3.47, P = 0.041) had the highest impact, followed by HPV infection (OR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.03–2.11, P = 0.034), occupational exposure (OR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.15–1.51, P <0.001), and obesity (OR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.07–1.41, P = 0.005). The nomogram accurately depicted the predictive risk, and the model demonstrated robust performance compared to individual factors. In addition, the subgroup analysis results showed elderly age group could obtain more favorable predictive performance in our proposed model (AUC = 0.712).

Conclusion

This non-socially-sensitive predictive model for PCa risk in Taiwanese males with BPH integrates multiple factors that could provide acceptable PCa risk-predictive performance, especially for elderly BPH patients over 70 years, aiding clinical decision-making and early cancer detection.
Igualdade da mulher na escola: cinema e histórias em quadrinhos como recurso didático
Authors: Fontoura Bruna Jose , Bona Rafael José
Published: December 2023

Este artigo tem como objetivo sugerir uma proposta pedagógica que evidencie a importância da igualdade da mulher nas escolas. Para isso, foi escolhida a história da Mulher-Maravilha, uma das primeiras super-heroínas e personagem associada em vários momentos com causas feministas. Como ferramentas para essa proposta, são utilizados: a revista em quadrinho Menina-Maravilha (2019), uma paródia dos estúdios Mauricio de Sousa, e o filme Mulher-Maravilha (2017, Patty Jenkins). A pesquisa se classifica como exploratória e descritiva, de abordagem qualitativa. Como aspiração para essa pesquisa, desejamos promover e ampliar discussões que possam contribuir e proporcionar diálogos sobre o papel da mulher na sociedade nas aulas do ensino fundamental.
Jornalismo indígena: dinamizando representações e promovendo os Direitos Humanos
Authors: DE CASTRO NEVES ANA PAULA , Rodrigues Castro LUCIANO , David de Oliveira Dijaci
Published: December 2023

O presente artigo tem como foco o estudo sobre mídias alternativas indígenas. Mais particularmente, busca analisar os sentidos acionados pelo termo direitos humanos na atividade jornalística da web rádio Yandê. Para análise partiremos de uma abordagem qualitativa e indutiva tendo como norte as proposições de Laurence Bardin (2011). Nosso propósito será compreender como grupos subalternizados se apropriam das noções e normas promotoras de direitos humanos para viabilizar suas demandas e lutar por conquistas.