bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Photoswitchable glycoligands targeting Pseudomonas aeruginosa LecA
Authors: Fan Yu , El Rhaz Ahmed , Maisonneuve Stéphane , Gillon Emilie , Fatthalla Maha , Le Bideau Franck , Laurent Guillaume , Messaoudi Samir , Imberty Anne , Xie Juan
Published: March 2024

Biofilm formation is one of main causes of bacterial antimicrobial resistance infections. It is known that the soluble lectins LecA and LecB, produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, play a key role in biofilm formation and lung infection. Bacterial lectins are therefore attractive targets for the development of new antibiotic-sparing anti-infective drugs. Building synthetic glycoconjugates for the inhibition and modulation of bacterial lectins have shown promising results. Light-sensitive lectins ligands could allow the modulation of lectins activity with precise spatiotemporal control. Despite the potential of photoswitchable tools, few photochromic lectin ligands have been developed. We have designed and synthesized several O- and S-galactosyl azobenzenes as photoswitchable ligands of LecA and evaluated their binding affinity with isothermal titration calorimetry. We show that the synthesized monovalent glycoligands possess excellent photophysical properties and strong affinity for targeted LecA with Kd values in the micromolar range. Analysis of the thermodynamic contribution indicates that the Z-azobenzene isomers have systematically stronger favorable enthalpy contribution than the corresponding E-isomers, but due to stronger unfavorable entropy, they are in general of lower affinity. The validation of this proof-of-concept and the dissection of thermodynamics of binding will help for the further development of lectins ligands that can be controlled by light.
Aplikasi Pengenalan Organisasi Muhammadiyah Berbasis Android Menggunakan Metode Linear Congruent Generator
Authors: Muntahanah Muntahanah , Jasri Joka
Published: March 2024

Misconceptions about Islamic teachings that are understood by some Indonesian Muslims are the result of an unfinished adaptation between Islam and the local traditions of the archipelago, which initially contained animism and dynamism. So that in practice Muslims in Indonesia show things that are contrary to the principles of Islamic teachings, especially those related to the principles of the Islamic creed which reject all forms of polytheism, taqlid, bid'ah, and superstition. To introduce Muhammadiyah teachings requires the help of technology that is currently developing. By using android, we can introduce Muhammadiyah to more people because it can be used anywhere and anytime. The application will display the history of the founding of Muhammadiyah, the teachings of Muhammadiyah and the practical worship of Muhammadiyah. It is hoped that this application will introduce Muhammadiyah teachings more easily with a wider reach. To attract the interest of children and adolescents in getting to know Muhammadiyah teachings, the author will add a quiz feature or question and answer practice so that there is interaction between the user and the application that is like educational games. In the quiz feature, the Linear Congruent Generator (LCG) algorithm will be implemented which functions to randomize the questions so that the questions that appear will always change. Applications for the introduction of Islam based on Android using the linear congruent generator method were successfully built using the Java programming language with Android studio software. Applications can provide discussion material about Muhammadiyah. Randomization of questions using the LCM Algorithm (Linear Congruent Method) has repetition but is easy to understand and implement into the application.
PEMANFAATAN BIOCHAR SPESIFIK LOKASI UNTUK BUDIDAYA SAYUR DI DESA LIMBUNG, KABUPATEN KUBU RAYA
Authors: Indrawati Urai Suci Yulies Vitri , Nusantara Rossie Wiedya , Sugito Hedi
Published: March 2024

Desa Limbung, Kabupaten Kubu Raya terletak ± 5,12 km dari kota Pontianak dengan luas wilayah 800 km2. Sebagian besar masyarakatnya hidup sebagai petani sayur. Tanah lahan petani didominasi oleh tanah gambut yang mempunyai sifat kimia kurang menguntungkan untuk budidaya sayur. Kegiatan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (PkM) ini bertujuan untuk   pemberdayaan petani   dalam upaya pembuatan pupuk organik berbasis biochar limbah organik di sekitar lahan pertanian seperti sisa panen jagung, semak-semak, dan ranting pohon, sehingga dapat meningkatkan kesuburan tanah gambut, dan secara langsung dapat meningkatkan produksi pertanian di desa Limbung, kabupaten Kubu Raya. Kegiatan PkM berlangsung selama 4 bulan dimulai dari kegiatan persiapan, pelatihan pembuatan biochar, demplot biochar untuk tanaman hotikultur di lahan gambut dan pada akhir kegiatan, dilakukan evaluasi terhadap program- program yang telah dilakukan oleh tim abdimas. Evaluasi dilakukan untuk mengetahui hambatan/kesulitan yang dihadapi selama proses kegiatan, dan kemudian didiskusikan untuk diselesaikan. Sebelum kegiatan PkM ini dilakukan, peserta belum begitu memahami bagaimana pembuatan biochar dan kompos. Hasil kegiatan PkM ini, petani sayur mampu membuat biochar dari limbah hasil panen atau bahan organik disekitar lahan pertanian, sehingga membantu menyuburkan tanah gambut.
The Geochemical Potential for Metabolic Processes on the Sub-Neptune Exoplanet K2-18b
Authors: Glein Christopher R.
Published: March 2024

Quantifying disequilibria is important to understand whether an environment could be habitable. It has been proposed that the exoplanet K2-18b has a hydrogen-rich atmosphere and a water ocean, making it a “hycean world.” The James Webb Space Telescope recently made measurements of methane, CO2, and possibly dimethyl sulfide (DMS) in the atmosphere of this planet. The initial interpretation of these data is that they may support the occurrence of hycean conditions. Here I attempt to take a next step in exploring the prospects for habitability. I use constraints on the abundances of atmospheric gases to calculate how much chemical disequilibrium there could be, assuming that K2-18b is a hycean world. I find that the presence of oxidized carbon species coexisting with abundant H2 (1–1000 bars) at cool to warm (25°C–120°C) conditions creates a strong thermodynamic drive for methanogenesis. More than ∼75 kJ (mol C)−1 of free energy can be released from CO2 hydrogenation. Partially oxidized carbon compounds such as DMS (if present) also have the potential to provide metabolic energy, albeit in smaller quantities. Because of the thermodynamic instability of CO2 under hycean conditions, other reductive reactions of CO2 are likely to be favored, including the synthesis of amino acids. Glycine and alanine synthesis can be energy releasing or at least much less costly on K2–18b than in Earth’s ocean, even when NH3 is scarce but not totally absent. These first bioenergetic calculations for a proposed ocean-bearing exoplanet lay new groundwork for assessing exoplanetary habitability.
The effect of polyaniline composition on the polyurethane/polyaniline composite properties: The enhancement of electrical and mechanical properties for medical tissue engineering
Authors: Manop Dhonluck , Tanghengjaroen Chaileok , Putson Chatchai , Khaenamkaew Panya
Published: March 2024

This study addresses the urgent need for the preparation and characterization of conductive polyurethane/polyaniline (PU/PANI) polymers for medical device applications, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 situation. Composite films of PU/PANI were synthesized using the solution casting method. Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) results confirmed the presence of PANI, as indicated by absorption bands at 1597 and 1531 cm−1 corresponding to C = C and C–N stretching, respectively. Microscopic analyses using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) demonstrated a homogeneous distribution of PANI in the PU matrix up to approximately 3 wt.%, with inhomogeneity observed at 5 wt.%. The dielectric constants at 1 Hz for PANI contents of 1, 3, and 5 wt.% in the PU matrix were 12.5, 18.5, and 35.0, respectively. The conductivity exhibited a decreasing trend with an increasing driving frequency. Conversely, for comparative purposes, the dielectric and conductivity values increased with higher PANI contents. The elastic modulus slightly increased from 20.3, 20.8, and 21.2 for 1, 3, and 5 wt.%, respectively. The experimental results emphasize the superior mechanical-to-electrical conversion performance of PU/PANI composites compared to neat PU, thus indicating potential applications in medical tissue engineering that utilize conductive PU/PANI polymers.
Application of Multimedia Courseware in Ideological and Political Education Management
Authors: Wang Hui , Liu Yuting , Kim Jin-Tae
Published: March 2024

The intervention of modern teaching media in classroom teaching activities has greatly extended the time and space of teaching practice, and new teaching methods, teaching models, and teaching designs have emerged one after another. Improving pertinence and effectiveness and cultivating high-quality talents with solid theoretical foundations provide something that many schools and related teachers have been exploring and researching. Multimedia teaching courseware has its excellent advantages and effects. However, when we enjoy the convenience brought by multimedia to basis of the existing teaching behavior analysis technology, it combines research methods such as residual calculation (residual calculation) and support vector machine (SVM), aiming at both teachers and students. It becomes intuitive, visualized, concrete, and contagious, which keeps students' attention, emotion, interest, and other psychological factors in the learning process in a good state.
A Web-Based Augmented Reality System
Authors: McNally Kevin Francis , Koviland Hoshang
Published: March 2024

Web-based augmented reality (AR) systems have many use cases and opportunities in Product Visualisation, Education and Training, Advertising and Marketing, Navigation and Wayfinding, Virtual Try-On, Interactive Storey Telling, Museums and Cultural Heritage, Training and Simulation, Gamification and more. As such, this research paper, A Web-Based Augmented Reality System, will explore these technologies and their use cases in the form of a literature review and several examples utilising the likes of Vectary, Blippar, Model Viewer and World Cast AR. The purpose of which, is to demonstrate a level of understanding of these virtual technologies, to develop them and to develop their future with practical use cases.
Multiobjective, trust‐aware, artificial hummingbird algorithm‐based secure clustering and routing with mobile sink for wireless sensor networks
Authors: Jemla Naik Anil Kumar , Parameswarappa Manjunatha , Ramachandra Mohan Naik
Published: March 2024

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are composed of numerous nodes distributed in geographical regions. Security and energy efficiency are challenging tasks due to an open environment and a restricted battery source. The multiobjective trust‐aware artificial hummingbird algorithm (M‐TAAHA) is proposed to achieve secure and reliable transmission over a WSN with a mobile sink (MS). The M‐TAAHA selects secure cluster head (SCH) nodes based on trust, energy, interspace between sensors, interspace between SCH and MS, and the CH balancing factor. A secure route is found by M‐TAAHA with trust, energy, and interspace between SCH and MS. The M‐TAAHA avoids the malicious nodes to improve data delivery and avoid unwanted energy consumption. The M‐TAAHA is analyzed using energy consumption, alive nodes, life expectancy, delay, data packets received in MS, throughput, packet delivery ratio, and packet loss ratio. Existing techniques (LEACH‐TM, EATMR, FAL, Taylor‐spotted hyena optimization [Taylor‐SHO], TBEBR, and TEDG) are used for comparison with the M‐TAAHA. Findings show that the energy consumption of the proposed M‐TAAHA for 1000 rounds is 0.56 J (1.78 × smaller than that of the Taylor‐SHO).
L’avenir de « mukala mwana ngombo » dans la prise en charge des maladies en milieu africain
Authors: Mbengo Gérard
Published: March 2024

En milieu rural congolais comme en milieu urbain, la divination « ngombo » est une pratique thérapeutique courante grâce auxquels beaucoup de vies humaines sont sauvées et d’aucuns n’en parlent avec clarté dans la société. Cette pratique ou rituel diagnostic et thérapeutique est tenue par des spécialistes connus chez les Suku sous les noms de (Nganga ngombo, de mukala ngombo ou de mukala mwana ngombo).

Ces professionnels de la santé travaillent sur base de la tradition parce qu’ils font appel aux esprits, aux interdits et aux us et coutumes qui participent à une stratégie thérapeutique qui aide la personne malade à surmonter certaines épreuves de la vie. Mais, cette pratique est battue en brèche par l’esprit scientifique – moderniste. Le présent article cherche à comprendre les facteurs qui entravent cette pratique divinatoire.
Nghiên cứu các yếu tố tác động đến ý định khởi nghiệp của sinh viên các trường đại học tại Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh
Authors: Hùng Nguyễn Thế , Bảo Lâm Quốc , Quyên Nguyễn Lê Hoàng Thụy Tố
Published: March 2024

Sở hữu và vận hành một doanh nghiệp được xem là cơ hội đáng ao ước đối với người Việt Nam. Tuy nhiên, số liệu từ GSO (2021) cho biết tỷ lệ doanh nghiệp/dân số Việt Nam giảm mạnh xuống mức 8.3/1,000 từ mức 14.3/1,000 (GSO, 2019). Theo đó, nghiên cứu này tìm hiểu tiền tố nào tác động đến ý định khởi nghiệp, cụ thể là dựa trên lý thuyết thay đổi hành vi COM-B (Capabilities Opportunities Motivation-Behaviour) để khám phá vai trò của sự hỗ trợ gia đình, kỹ năng kinh doanh và chấp nhận rủi ro đối với ý định khởi nghiệp. Dữ liệu khảo sát được thu thập tại địa bàn Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh (TP.HCM) với 200 sinh viên đại học năm cuối. Mô hình cấu trúc - bình phương bé nhất từng phần (PLS-SEM) được áp dụng để đánh giá, kiểm định thang đo và giả thuyết. Kết quả nghiên cứu đã chỉ ra vai trò truyền thống của hỗ trợ gia đình cũng như kỹ năng kinh doanh đối với ý định khởi nghiệp. Ngoài ra, nghiên cứu cũng thể hiện một kết quả thú vị rằng chấp nhận rủi ro không có tác động có ý nghĩa thống kê đến ý định khởi nghiệp của sinh viên. Điều này gợi lên vấn đề cần quan tâm cho các nhà làm chính sách là sự thiếu kinh nghiệm khởi nghiệp và nhận thức sai lệch về các rủi ro khởi nghiệp trong thực tế của sinh viên.
Tổng quan lý thuyết về Ý định và Hành vi tham gia vào hoạt động khởi tạo doanh nghiệp
Authors: Trang Lê Ngọc Đoan , Đại Đặng Ngọc
Published: March 2024

Vấn đề khởi sự doanh nghiệp đang được Nhà nước quan tâm và đẩy mạnh, trong đó việc thúc đẩy ý định và hành vi tham gia vào hoạt động khởi tạo doanh nghiệp là một chủ đề được nhiều nhà nghiên cứu thực hiện. Bài báo này nhằm mục đích phân tích có hệ thống về các công trình nghiên cứu liên quan đến ý định và hành vi tham gia vào hoạt động khởi tạo doanh nghiệp. Những bài đó được tập hợp từ các trang website nổi tiếng như Scopus, Science direct và Google scholar đến thời điểm 10/2022. Nội dung của nghiên cứu này tập trung thảo luận về phương pháp tiếp cận các nghiên cứu trước đây, tổng quan về các nghiên cứu, cụ thể bao gồm số lượng bài, bối cảnh và nội dung của các nghiên cứu. Trên cơ sở phân tích, tổng hợp các nghiên cứu liên quan để xác định các khoảng trống nghiên cứu, từ đó giúp đề xuất các hướng nghiên cứu tiếp theo cho chủ đề hành vi tham gia vào hoạt động khởi tạo doanh nghiệp.
Nhân tố ảnh hưởng đến việc vận dụng phương pháp kiểm toán dựa trên rủi ro
Authors: Tuấn Đặng Anh
Published: March 2024

Tiếp cận kiểm toán dựa trên rủi ro kinh doanh không mới đối với kiểm toán trong khu vực tư. Tuy nhiên, cách tiếp cận này lại khá mới đối với kiểm toán khu vực công ở nhiều quốc gia trong đó có Việt Nam. Nghiên cứu này nhằm khám phá mô hình dự báo ảnh hưởng của các nhân tố đến việc vận dụng phương pháp tiếp cận rủi ro trong kiểm toán và chất lượng kiểm toán của Kiểm toán nhà nước. Dữ liệu nghiên cứu được thu thập qua khảo sát 211 kiểm toán viên nhà nước thông qua phân tích cấu trúc tuyến tính SEM với phần mềm SmartPLS 4.0.8.5. Kết quả nghiên cứu chỉ ra rằng rủi ro của đơn vị được kiểm toán và ứng dụng Công Nghệ Thông Tin (CNTT) có tác động tích cực và đáng kể đến việc vận dụng phương pháp tiếp cận rủi ro kiểm toán và góp phần đảm bảo chất lượng kiểm toán của Kiểm toán nhà nước Việt Nam. Điều này hàm ý rằng với sự hỗ trợ CNTT, việc vận dụng RBA sẽ trở nên hữu hiệu trong việc nâng cao hiệu quả và đảm bảo chất lượng kiểm toán.
Perencanaan Anggaran Kas yang Efektif Dala Menjaga Likuiditas dan Meningkatkan Rentabilitas Larispa Indonesia
Authors: Yolla Sarah Ananda Harahap  , Murni Dahlena Nasution
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this research is to find out and analyze the appropriateness of the preparation of the company's cash budget and to find out and analyze whether the role of the cash budget supports the effectiveness of the company's cash management. The type of research used in this research is a case study with a descriptive method. Calculations are based on liquidity ratios, activity ratios, and profitability. This shows that financial preparation has increased with liquidity, activity and profitability ratios, which means that financial management is running well and the impact is better than before. The company's liquidity and profitability grow significantly every year. It can be concluded that the cash budget of the Larispa company for the 2019-2021 period was able to maintain liquidity and increase profitability in accordance with the smooth operation and survival of the company thanks to an increase in operating profit and sales.
Authentic Leadership and Organizational Resilience of SMEs for Sustainable Entrepreneurial: A Tourism-Based Enterprise Study
Authors: Fajri Rosa Nikmatul , Nila Hidayah  , Asri Dwi Ariyani  , Siti Fatimah  , Aulina Izzatul
Published: March 2024

This study aims to examine the mediating role of organizational resilience in relation to authentic leadership and business continuity. Developed using the PLS-SEM model, the results show that the 2 direct path variables were found to have a positive and significant correlation while organizational resilience as a mediator construct was found to have a significant mediating effect. Our research proves that in the MSME sector, authentic leadership can influence organizations to survive a crisis.
Implementasi E-Filing Terhadap Tingkat Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi
Authors: Miftha Rizkina  , Nur Aliah  , Sumardi Adiman
Published: March 2024

This study aims to analyze the implementation of the level of utilization, and the impact of the use of E-Filing on the level of taxpayer compliance at the East Medan Pratama Tax Service Office. This study uses a qualitative approach with the analytical descriptive research method. Data collection techniques in this study consisted of literature studies, interviews, and also field research. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of the E-Filing system at KPP Pratama Medan Timur is in accordance with the provisions of tax administration and tax laws and regulations. The level of utilization of E-Filing has been effectively running well and has met the late target set by KPP Medan Timur and the implementation of E-Filing has not had a positive impact in terms of increasing taxpayer compliance, this can be seen from the decreased level of taxpayer compliance every year. This study shows that although the implementation and utilization measure of E-Filing system is considered decent, it turns out that E-Filing system has no effect on the measure of taxpayer compliance.
Analisis Strategi Pemasaran Terhadap Pendapatan Pada UKM Jamur Tiram di Desa Bandar Labuhan
Authors: Ambar Wati Suri , Novi Irama Ova
Published: March 2024

Micro,small and medium enterprises(MSMEs)are one of the economic entities whose exsistence continues to be encouraged by the government,because they ‘can absorb labor,can reduce unemloyment and also increase people’income.port of cape morawa sub-district.this research uses a descriptive method,namely a case study that produces descriptive date set forth in words.the date collection technique in this study was carried out through a process of direct interviews with predetermined key informants.this research was carried out in the village of bandar labuhan ,which produces and market oyster mushrooms in Tanjung Morawa district,this research is a descriptive research that aims to determine the marketing strategy.this study was analyzed using SWOT analysis.technical data analysis was carried out simultaneously starting from the process of data reduction,data presentation to verification or drawing conclussions.The result of the study show that the Oyster MushroomBusiness Product Marketing Strategy,which belongs to this home owned business,has a focus on marketing to increase revvenue for the resulting Oyster Mushroom product,starting at the level of product quality,price,promotion and product distribution
Pengaruh Fasilitas Ruang Tunggu terhadap Tingkat Kenyamanan Penumpang di Bandar Udara Internasional Zainuddin Abdul Madjid Lombok
Authors: Ningsih Sulistiawati , Rachmawati Desiana
Published: March 2024

Bandar udara adalah infrastruktur vital di Indonesia yang mendukung konektivitas dan pariwisata antarwilayah. Fasilitas di Bandar Udara, terutama ruang tunggu, mempengaruhi kenyamanan penumpang dalam menggunakan layanan penerbangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai pengaruh fasilitas ruang tunggu di Bandar Udara Internasional Zainuddin Abdul Madjid Lombok terhadap tingkat kenyamanan penumpang. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga ingin mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruhnya fasilitas ruang tunggu bagi kenyamanan penumpang di Bandar Udara Internasional Zainuddin Abdul Madjid Lombok. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kuantitatif dan menggunakan instrumen penelitian berupa angket atau kuesioner. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah penumpang di Bandar Udara Internasional Zainuddin Abdul Madjid Lombok dan sampel yang digunakan  berjumlah 100 orang. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang didapat menunjukkan bahwa nilai signifikan variabel fasilitas ruang tunggu (X) sebesar 0,00 pada tingkat signifikan 0,05 karena nilai signifikan 0,00<,0,05 maka ditemukan ada pengaruh antara variabel fasilitas ruang tunggu (X) terhadap kenyamanan penumpang (Y), sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa Ha diterima dan H0 ditolak.  Berdasarkan hasil uji koefesien determinasi dapat disimpukan bahwa besar pengaruh fasilitas ruang tunggu terhadap tingkat kenyamanan penumpang di Bandar udara Internasional Zainuddin Abdul Madjid Lombok adalah sebesar 83,8% dan sisanya sebesar 16,2% yang dipengaruhi oleh variabel lainnya.
Pneumonia in children before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: an observation from a climate change and environmental perspective in Indonesia
Authors: Fatma Rosa K. , Akbar Kurnia A.
Published: March 2024

Background. Pneumonia is the second leading cause of child mortality in Indonesia. The COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia is increasing a challenging environment for children’s respiratory health.
This study aims to examine pneumonia in children using the perspective of climate change and the changing environment in Indonesia before and during COVID-19 pandemic.
Materials and methods. This research is a retrospective longitudinal study conducted during the period 2017–2020. The study area of the study is in Indonesia. All the province and city in Indonesia are included in this study. The number of children surveyed each year is 30.73 million. Outdoor air quality, temperature and rainfall observations were carried out at 185 observation stations spread throughout Indonesia
Results. In Indonesia, child pneumonia cases declined by 39.42% from 2017 (511,434 cases) to 2020 (309,838 cases) during the COVID-19 pandemic, with a 47.06% decrease in mortality. Outdoor air quality worsened by 51.64% pre-pandemic (2017–2019), improving notably in 2020. Conversely, temperature and rainfall, which decreased before 2017–2019, sharply increased in 2020, with rainfall at 524 mm and temperatures rising by 0.7°C compared to 2019.
Limitations. A detailed analysis and cautious interpretation are necessary due to the complex, suggestive links between air quality, climate, behavior, and respiratory health highlighted in this study, especially during the pandemic.
Conclusion. The pandemic triggered unexpected shifts. Reduced cases correlated with better air quality due to lockdowns and behavior changes, while increased temperature and rainfall may have hindered pathogen transmission.
Work-related musculoskeletal disorders and ergonomic risk assessment among radiologists and gastroenterologists using the workplace ergonomic risk assessment method
Authors: Kabir-Mokamelkhah Elaheh , Aghilinejad Mashallah , Dehghan Naser , Sanati Pardis , Hosseininejad Mahin
Published: March 2024

Background. Ergonomic risk factors in the workplace expose gastroenterologists and radiologists to Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WRMSDs). This study aims to compare the frequency of musculoskeletal disorders and ergonomic risk factors in these two groups of physicians.
Materials and methods. This descriptive study was conducted on 360 physicians (radiologists and gastroenterologists) at the 5 University and teaching hospitals in Tehran. The prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms was detected using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. The Workplace Ergonomic Risk Assessment (WERA) method was used to estimate and evaluate the ergonomic risk factors in each physician. Finally, the frequency of musculoskeletal disorders was compared between the two groups using statistical tests.
Results. The prevalence of shoulder (70% vs 36.66%; OR=4.03 (2.59–6.25); p<0.001) and hand pain (45% vs 30%; OR=2.78 (1.80–4.31); p<0.001) among radiologists was significantly higher than that among gastroenterologists. In contrast, gastroenterologists had a significantly higher prevalence of upper (65% vs 38.33%; OR=2.98 (1.94–4.58); p<0.001) and lower back pain (67.2% vs 49.44%; OR=2.55 (2.06–3.17); p<0.001) than radiologists. The mean WERA final score, the leg score, forceful score, contact stress, and task duration in radiologists were higher than that of gastroenterologists and the back score in gastroenterologists was higher than radiologists (p<0.05).
Limitations. In this study, the psychological factors affecting musculoskeletal disorders have not been investigated.
Conclusion. WRMSDs had a relatively high prevalence among radiologists (shoulder and hand pain) and gastroenterologists (upper and lower back). Due to the impact of ergonomic risk factors on these disorders in the workplace, ergonomic interventions should be implemented to reduce these risk factors in occupational settings.
Mortality from malignant neoplasms of the respiratory organs in the territories of the Chelyabinsk region affected by radiation accidents
Authors: Konshina Lidiya G.
Published: March 2024

Introduction. Mortality from lung cancer is more than 20% of all deaths from malignant neoplasms (MN). The mortality rate from respiratory diseases in the Chelyabinsk region for many years exceeds the average in Russia. There is convincing evidence confirming the increase in mortality from respiratory diseases in the population living in radioactively contaminated areas Materials and methods. The study of mortality from respiratory diseases in two cities: Kasli and Kyshtym, and four districts: Kasli, Argayash, Krasnoarmeysky, and Kunashaksky over a 50-year period from 1947 to 1996. Results. An increase in the mortality in the male and female population from MN of the trachea, bronchi, lungs, and larynx was found. The most significant excess over the control was observed in the population of Kasli, Kyshtym, in Kasli and Argayash districts. During the entire studied period, the male population experienced an increase in mortality at rates exceeding the changes in the control territories. Among the female population, the highest mortality rates both in cities and in districts were recorded in the 1960s - 1970s. In addition to the increase in mortality rates in radioactively contaminated areas in the elderly and old age, an increase in mortality was found at the ages of 30–39, 40–49 years. Limitations. The study period is limited to 1996 due to the inability to collect data for a later period. Conclusion. The mortality rates of the male population from respiratory diseases in the cities of Kasli, Kyshtym, Kasli, and Argayash districts almost constantly exceeded the control values. There is an increase in mortality at young ages: 30–39, 40–49 years. Both men and women have recorded a wave-like nature of mortality, periods of growth, as a rule, following 5–10 years after the next radiation incident.
Hygienic efficiency of ultraviolet disinfection of water in centralized drinking and household water supply systems (systematic review)
Authors: Kirpichenkova Ekaterina V. , Dzhikiya Ilya Z. , Kolodina Diana V. , Onishchenko Gennadiy G.
Published: March 2024

Introduction. Drinking water supplied to the population must be safe in epidemic terms. However, some viruses and parasites are resistant to the disinfecting effect of traditionally used agents for water treatment. The use of UV irradiation ensures the microbiological safety of water, but there are factors affecting its effectiveness.
The purpose of the review was to systematize scientific data on the effectiveness of the use of UV irradiation in relation to drinking water.
Materials and methods. The search for scientific publications was carried out using literature databases MedLine/PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct. The total number of publications was one thousand six hundred forty-six. The criteria for including the report in the systematic review were: publications in Russian or English with an available full-text version; samples for the study are water from centralized water supply systems or specially prepared microorganisms; any type of research evaluating the effectiveness of a wide range of doses of UV irradiation against microorganisms.
Results of the analysis of publications. A systematic review included 17 reports about the effect of UV irradiation on bacteria and viruses. The subject of several studies was the resistance of protozoan cysts and helminth eggs to different doses of UV irradiation. According to the results presented in the publication, pathogenic viruses and bacteria, giardia cysts possess of the least resistance to UV irradiation (100% inactivation). 4 log-inactivation was established for Mycobacteia. E. coli and coliphages demonstrate a wide range of indicators of the resistance to ultraviolet radiation due to the diversity of the studied strains.
Conclusion. UV disinfection should be used as an additional method in combination with traditional reagents methods of water treatment. It is necessary to study the effect of UV irradiation on helminth eggs and protozoan cysts.
Lost years of life due to the mortality from diseases of the urinary system in the industrial region of Kazakhstan with air pollution
Authors: Bibitova Shynar S. , Galiakparova Zhuldyz Zh. , Zhaksylyk Mukhit A. , Lopuha Irina V. , Oralova Roza N. , Sandybayeva Ainura K. , Khashimov Zhakhongir U. , Dyussembaeva Nailya K. , Rybalkina Dina K. , Drobchenko Yelena A. , Dyagilev Maxim A. , Kosach Valeria S.
Published: March 2024

Introduction. The relevance of the epidemiological problems of loss of years due to diseases of the kidney and urinary tract is due to the progressive gain in the number of patients in many regions and countries of the World.
Purpose. Estimation of years of life lost due to the mortality from diseases of the urinary system (DUS) in the Pavlodar region, which is one of the industrial regions of Kazakhstan.
Materials and methods. Medical-demographic (mortality rates) and medical-statistical (primary morbidity rates) data was obtained from the Department of Statistics of the Republican Center for Electronic Health Care of the Republic of Kazakhstan (RCEHC RK). The study period was eight years (from 2015 to 2022). The Years of Life Lost (YLL) indicator was calculated according to methodological recommendations. An assessment of the relationships between population health indicators for pathologies of the urinary system (US) with social factors (gross domestic product per capita – GDP), and environmental indicators (ecological and meteorological) as possible causes of adverse events in human health was carried out using correlation and time series analysis.
Results. In the structure of years of life lost due to the mortality from US organs, chronic renal failure (CRF, 55.96–65.85%) led. In the regional center of Pavlodar, there was a peak in years lost in mortality from DUS over 2021 (3.3‰ YLLs), during the COVID-19 pandemic. According to the average annual losses by age groups, in the Pavlodar region, the maximum losses were detected in the elderly (10.5‰ YLLs) and senile (15.8‰ YLLs) age. An excess of the maximum one-time concentrations of pollutants in the atmospheric air above the MPC level with the highest pollution level in 2018 was registered. Correlation analysis showed a high level of correlation between the loss of years of life because of the mortality due to US diseases with atmospheric air pollution in Ekibastuz (r  = 0.80), weak  –
in Pavlodar region (r  = 0.28) and low – in Pavlodar (r = 0.13).
Limitations. Of the environmental pollution factors, only atmospheric air pollution factors were studied, which does not reflect all the possible effects of environmental pollution on population health. In the group of reasons with code R, the conclusion “old age” prevailed, which may have led to an inaccurate analysis of the causes of death.
Conclusion. Regional connections between the loss of years of life due to mortality due to US diseases with atmospheric air pollution and temperature in the winter season, as well as newly identified morbidity with atmospheric air pollution, have been identified.
Induction of apoptosis at the molecular genetic level exposed to lead oxide nanoparticles in a chronic animal experiment
Authors: Bereza Ivan A. , Shaikhova Daria R. , Amromina Anna M. , Ryabova Yuliya V. , Minigalieva Ilzira A. , Sutunkova Marina P.
Published: March 2024

Introduction. Workers of industrial enterprises and the population living nearby are at risk of lead poisoning. Lead exposure can lead to irreversible negative consequences for the body, including hepatic and renal dysfunction, hematopoietic damage, cognitive dysfunction, and impairment of the genetic apparatus of the human cell. In this regard, it is necessary to study characteristics of the toxic effect of lead oxide nanoparticles (PbO NPs) to determine their health effects and minimize related disorders and diseases.
The purpose of the study was to determine the level of expression of the BAX, BCL-2, P53, GSTM1, GSTP1, and SOD2 genes in various organs of laboratory rats following the exposure to lead oxide nanoparticles.
Materials and methods. Twenty mature female albino Wistar rats were used in a four month experiment with chronic inhalation exposure to PbO NPs, 10 animals per group (exposure and control). The mean concentration of PbO NPs in the inhaled air was 0.215 mg/m3. At the end of the exposure period, organ fragments from the decapitated animals were fixed in liquid nitrogen and subsequently stored in a freezer at –80 °C. Total RNA was isolated from tissues using the ExtractRNA reagent. The expression level was determined by quantitative reverse transcription real-time PCR.
Results. The BAX expression in the liver of rats exposed to PbO NPs for 4 months was by 2.2 times higher than in the control group (p=0.009). We observed a trend towards an increase in the BAX/BCL-2 ratio in hepatocytes indicating apoptotic processes. The P53 expression level was by 1.4 times higher in the olfactory bulb of the exposed rats (p=0.025) when compared to the controls. No changes were found in the expression levels of antioxidant genes GSTM1, GSTP1, and SOD2.
Limitations. The study was conducted using female Wistar rats with no potential sex differences taken into account.
Conclusion. Chronic inhalation exposure to PbO NPs induces apoptosis in rat liver through the BAX/BCL-2 pathway and rat brain through the regulation of P53.
Assessment of the epidemiological health risk of foundry contamination of small town soils
Authors: Trifonova Tatyana A. , Martsev Anton A. , Selivanov Oleg G. , Kurbatov Yurij N. , Rostunov Alexey O.
Published: March 2024

Introduction. The paper presents the results of the assessment of the risk to public health and the level of soil contamination with heavy metals and arsenic in a small town with a foundry.
Materials and methods. The objects of the study are the morbidity of the population of the Melenkovsky district of the Vladimir region and the soil cover of the city of Melenki. The assessment of the probable risk of morbidity is based on the determination of epidemiological risk indicators, the obtained values of which were converted into values normalized by the marginal error of the background level (Δ). Soil samples were taken in the zone of industrial enterprises, highways, residential private sector, landscape, and recreational areas. The soil cover was examined by X-ray fluorescence method for the evaluationof the content of heavy metals and arsenic.
Results. The study conducted to assess the probable risk allowed establishing in the Melenkovsky district, relative to the background regional values, children to have a very high risk for nine classes of diseases, adults to have a very high risk for 6 classes of diseases. There has been established the contamination of the soil of the city of Melenka with heavy metals and arsenic to be probably due to the specifics and duration of operation of the oldest enterprise in the city ‒ the foundry and mechanical plant. In the central part of the city, there have been identified local areas posing high health risks, which determines the need to manage permanent environmental and hygienic monitoring here. The greatest danger to public health is arsenic, whose concentrations in almost all sampling points exceed sanitary and hygienic standards.
The limitations of the study are related to one-time sampling and a small number of reference sites, which limits the possibilities of a broader interpretation of the data obtained.
Conclusion. It has been established that a city enterprise operating for a long time, due to soil contamination of the adjacent territory, can bear high risks to public health even during prolonged downtime or termination of its main activity. The chemical contamination of the soil in the territory adjacent to the foundry and mechanical plant, which is extremely dangerous in terms of the total indicator, requires special environmental measures to remove and further neutralize chemical elements. To reduce soil pollution in the city, there are required modernization of industrial enterprises and the creation of expanded sanitary protection zones around them.
Classifications of personality trait lexemes (exemplified by the lexis of Russian and English)
Authors: Shelestyuk Elena V.
Published: March 2024

The article introduces the concept of characterologism — a lexeme denoting a character trait in conjunction with the concept it expresses. Three groups of classifications of characterologisms are identified: ontological, linguoculturological and linguistic. The ontological group reflects the essence of characterological concepts/concepts and the meanings of corresponding lexemes. It includes a number of classifications, namely everyday and scientific classifications, as well as a classification of constant and situational characterological units. The linguoculturological group reflects the linguocultural aspects of characterologisms, the first classification includes cross-cultural universals and culturally determined characterological concepts, the second — characterologisms simple and complex in semantics. The linguistic group corresponds to various linguistic aspects of characterological vocabulary. It includes the following classifications of characterological units: synonymous/antonymic series in combination with etymological characteristics, semantic, stylistic, idiomatic, syntactic, morphological and word-building (morphemic) classifications.
The Rise and Fall of Liz Truss in English-Language Media Coverage
Authors: Shekhovtsova Eva E.
Published: March 2024

Using the example of the life and work of former British Prime Minister Liz Truss, this article examines the problem of perception and evaluation of the personality of a female politician by media representatives. The aim of the study is to examine the sociolinguistic markers used in the English-language media in 2022, which characterise Liz Truss. The objectives of the research are to search for information about her biography and career growth, as well as to analyse articles published on the websites of leading English-language media in order to select sociolinguistic markers that assess the personality and the work of the ex-prime minister. As a result of the study, the hypothesis was confirmed that the media had a positive attitude towards Liz Truss’s coming to power, which was quickly replaced by a negative attitude due to her failure to bring about social and economic transformation in the UK. The result of the work was a corpus of sociolinguistic markers that characterise the personality and activities of Truss, which allow us to argue that the negative attitude towards the prime minister was not based on gender, but on a failure to fulfil the expectations that society had of her.
DYSMENORRHEA AND FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH IT AND METHODS OF MANAGEMENT AND EDUCATIONAL KNOWLEDGE AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN BASRAH CITY
Authors: Sabah YUNS Tadamoun , H. RAHI Eman , Malik TIRYAG Ali
Published: March 2024

Background: Dysmenorrhea is one of the most common and important, health problems, especially among young girls, it results in the absence in school and work. It has some negative effects on the daily activities of the patients. Aim: to assess the prevalence of Dysmenorrhea, factors associated with it, methods of management and educational knowledge among secondary school students in Basra, we have in this research the demographic information like the age and presence of the student in an education of environment, then we description of the men strual period, then description of the symptoms of dysmenorrheal, also we have some procedures used to manage pain and description of dysmenorrhea and characteristics of pain we also we need know the level of knowledge of female studentints about dysmenorrhea, in the end we made descriptive statistics about the study
PREPARING AND CHARACTERIZING SOME NEW DERIVATIVES OF ORGANIC CYCLIC COMPOUNDS DERIVED FROM SOME DRUGS AND STUDYING THEIR BIOLOGICAL
Authors: A. ABDUL-RIDA Nabeel , T.MOHAMMED Kawther
Published: March 2024

This study involved synthesis some of derivatives via that a Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling procedure was used in order to produce a wide variety of Baclofen derivatives. After beginning with the reaction of 4-methoxy carbonyl phenyl boronic acid by the use of the reflex method, the treatment of Baclofen with a number of other boronic acids was carried out. The subsequent stage was the incorporation of Pd(0)(PPh3)4, and lastly, once the reaction had reached a state of equilibrium,Ethyl Acetoacetate ( EtOAc) was incorporated into the mixture. Taking this action was necessary in order to finish the procedure. Using the thin layer chromatography (TLC)technique, the observation of the reaction was carried out in order to carry out the observation. In order to accomplish the job of characterizing all of the unique Baclofen derivatives that were discussed in the preceding paragraphs [1-6], the analytical procedures of Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) , Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1HNMR) ,Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C-NMR) , and C.H.N were used. Furthermore, a wide range of other physical characteristics, such as color, Rf, and mechanical capabilities, were investigated and appraised. The objective of the experiment was to determine whether or not the treatment was effective against two different types of bacteria according to the biological standards. One of the objectives of the experiment was to do this. There was one species of fungus, which was Candida albicans, and one of the bacteria was positive (Staphylococcus aureus). The other bacterium was negative (Escherichia coli), and there was one type of bacteria. Of the bacteria, two were found to be positive. Following the assessment of the compounds' bacterial inhibitory biological activity [1-6], it was shown that the derivatives had an exceptionally high degree of effectiveness at a certain concentration. An additional accomplishment was the successful completion of a molecular docking investigation of novel Baclofen derivatives. [1-6].
MANUFACTURING A NEW MEDICATED CHEWABLE GUM FROM NATURAL MATERIALS TO CONTROL PERIODONTAL PATHOGENS
Authors: Mahmood M. AL-RAWI Amera , Adnan S.M. AL-HAMDONI Sumaya
Published: March 2024

Within their multispecies subgingival biofilm in deep pockets, periodontal pathogens are being protected from the attendance of antimicrobial agents, in addition to; the licensed safe concentrations of antibacterials are less effective against biofilm; which leads to unsuccessful treatment and recurrent infections. Therefore, as a first local effort, the medical aim of the present study was to apply the natural material, frankincense, to make a medical chewing gum and an intra-pocket antimicrobial delivery system as a hopeful solution for the ineffectiveness of antimicrobials to control periodontal pathogens. The ability of frankincense film to work as an antibiotic delivery tool was tested by agar diffusion procedure against three types of anaerobic pathogens isolated from periodontal pockets. The usefulness of the currently prepared medical chewing gum from frankincense and other natural additives to control periodontal infections was tested by measuring the level of bacterial hydrolytic enzymes in gingival pockets. The results proved the validity of frankincense film to be a natural delivery tool of antimicrobial ingredients by the denotation of inhibiting the growth on agar plate. The results also proved the validity of frankincense to formulate a medical chewable gum with profound efficiency in reducing the bacterial load inside the gingival tissues. The study claims for the practical application of frankincense in the field of medicines production as a gum base to produce a medical chewable gum and an antimicrobial delivery system. This application can be adopted by pharmaceutical factories and can be dependable by the Ministry of Health and dentists as an alternative to increasing the concentration or combination of chemical medicines
SOFTWARE MODULES CLUSTERING: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Hussein ALI Ali , B. TAHA Dujan
Published: March 2024

Maintenance takes the largest cost within software engineering processes. Because understanding the software code is complex and requires a deep understanding of the structure of building the code. To face Such a problem and other problems such as research purposes, or retrieval, restructuring, and understanding the behavior of software entities, today the software component, such as objects, classes, or files that have similarity in feature can be grouped together using unsupervised learning method called software module clustering. This method gives a clear picture of the components of the program and the details of the dependencies between these components, and thus it gives a structure that can be relied upon effectively. This research paper will present a compilation of studies published in this field over the past 23 years. We review 36 well-known research papers in the literature that examines software module clustering techniques and obtain useful results and data. Research containing duplicate ideas was excluded. We will attempt to answer the following questions: What are the modern methods used in the concept of clustering? What are the applications of clustering in software engineering? What are various clustering algorithms? What evaluation methods are available for assessing the quality of clustering techniques?