bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comorbidities Associated with Large Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms
Authors: Müller Verena , Miszczuk Milena , Althoff Christian E. , Stroux Andrea , Greiner Andreas , Kuivaniemi Helena , Hinterseher Irene
Published: December 2019

Background Abdominal aortic aneurysm has become increasingly important owing to demographic changes. Some other diseases, for example, cholecystolithiasis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and hernias, seem to co-occur with abdominal aortic aneurysm. The aim of this retrospective analysis was to identify new comorbidities associated with abdominal aortic aneurysm.

Methods We compared 100 patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms and 100 control patients. Their preoperative computed tomographic scans were examined by two investigators independently, for the presence of hernias, diverticulosis, and cholecystolithiasis. Medical records were also reviewed. Statistical analysis was performed using univariate analysis and multiple logistic regression analysis.

Results The aneurysm group had a higher frequency of diverticulosis (p = 0.008). There was no significant difference in the occurrence of hernia (p = 0.073) or cholecystolithiasis (p = 1.00). Aneurysm patients had a significantly higher American Society of Anesthesiology score (2.84 vs. 2.63; p = 0.015) and were more likely to have coronary artery disease (p < 0.001), congestive heart failure (p < 0.001), or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (p < 0.001). Aneurysm patients were more likely to be former (p = 0.034) or current (p = 0.006) smokers and had a significantly higher number of pack years (p < 0.001). Aneurysm patients also had a significantly poorer lung function. In multivariate analysis, the following factors were associated with aneurysms: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (odds ratio, OR = 12.24; p = 0.002), current smoking (OR = 4.14; p = 0.002), and coronary artery disease (OR = 2.60; p = 0.020).

Conclusions Our comprehensive analysis identified several comorbidities associated with abdominal aortic aneurysms. These results could help to recognize aneurysms earlier by targeting individuals with these comorbidities for screening.
Prognostic Factors Associated with Mortality in Cirrhotic Patients with Bleeding Varices
Authors: Eldesouky Alshaimaa Fathy , Tawfik Mohamed Abd Elraoof , Hagras Maha Mahmoud , Attia Taher Eldemerdash , Elhendawy Mohammed Elsayed
Published: December 2019

Objective Bleeding gastroesophageal varices are a cause of high mortality among cirrhotic patients.

Aim The aim of this study was to study prognostic factors for mortality in cirrhosis associated with variceal bleeding.

Patients and Methods This prospective study was conducted on 100 cirrhotic patients admitted to the Tanta University Hospital with an acute first variceal bleeding episode. Baseline clinical, laboratory, and endoscopic findings were recorded at presentation.

Results During the first 6 weeks 15 patients died, 3 following the initial bleed and 12 after an early rebleed. At 6 months, a further 21 patients had died. Statistical analysis utilizing the baseline data revealed that high early death rate was associated with number of blood units transfused, lower systolic blood pressure, thrombocytopenia, increased serum creatinine and international normalized ratio (INR). High MELD, AIMS56, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II) and ROCKall scores were risk factors for mortality. Risk factors for early rebleeding included presence of diabetes mellitus, leucocytosis, high Child score, model for end-stage liver disease (MELD), AIMS56, and sepsis-associated organ failure assessment (SOFA) scores. A high Child score, presence of ascites, and associations such as hepatic encephalopathy and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, leucocytosis, elevated alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, bilirubin, INR, and creatinine as well as low albumin were associated with decreased survival.

Conclusion High MELD, AIMS56, APACHE II, and ROCKall scores were risk factors for mortality after acute variceal bleeding. High death rate during the first 6 weeks is associated with anemia, hypotension, thrombocytopenia, increased serum creatinine, and INR. Decreased survival at 6 months is associated with increased Child score, presence of ascites and associations such as hepatic encephalopathy and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.
Modified parameterization of the Li-Petrasso charged-particle stopping power theory
Authors: Zylstra A. B. , Rinderknecht H. G. , Frenje J. A. , Li C. K. , Petrasso R. D.
Published: December 2019

Charged-particle energy loss or “stopping power” in plasmas has been studied theoretically and experimentally, with important applications in modeling fusion experiments. Dense plasmas relevant to inertial fusion are theoretically challenging, but several models have been developed. Here, we report several physically motivated modifications to the parameterization of the Li-Petrasso stopping-power model. The new parameterization described in this work leads to larger discrepancies between the Li-Petrasso model and both other theories and experimental data near the Bragg peak for plasma stopping, corroborating recent conclusions that the Li-Petrasso model is not accurate in this regime [Frenje et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 015002 (2019)]. Conversely, our modified parameterization agrees better with other theories in the high-velocity limit.
Design and implementation of electron diverters for lobster eye space-based X-ray optics
Authors: Aslanyan V. , Keresztes K. , Feldman C. , Pearson J. F. , Willingale R. , Martindale A. , Sembay S. , Osborne J. P. , Sachdev S. S. , Bicknell C. L. , Houghton P. R. , Crawford T. , Chornay D.
Published: December 2019

Micropore optics have recently been implemented in a lobster eye geometry as a compact X-ray telescope. Fields generated by rare-earth magnets are used to reduce the flux of energetic electrons incident upon the focal plane detector in such a setup. We present the design and implementation of the electron diverters for X-ray telescopes of two upcoming missions: the microchannel X-ray telescope onboard the space-based multiband astronomical variable objects monitor and the soft X-ray instrument onboard the solar wind magnetosphere ionosphere link explorer. Electron diverters must be configured to conform to stringent limits on their total magnetic dipole moment and be compensated for any net moment arising from manufacturing errors. The two missions have differing designs, which are presented and evaluated in terms of the fractions of electrons reaching the detector, as determined by relativistic calculations of electron trajectories. The differential flux of electrons to the detector is calculated, and the integrated electron background is determined for both designs.
Comparison between the Q criterion and Rortex in the application of an in-stream structure
Authors: Zhan Jie-min , Li Yu-tian , Wai Wing-hong Onyx , Hu Wen-qing
Published: December 2019

A newly proposed vortex identification method, namely, Rortex, is used to visualize the vortex structures around an in-stream deflector with a large eddy simulation. A comparison with the well-known vortex identification method, the Q criterion, indicates that the Q criterion and Rortex can both capture the main vortex structures in the flow field. However, both the modified Q criterion and the wavelet analysis reveal that Rortex excludes the shear information on the deposited sand surface, while the Q criterion cannot. As a result, Rortex is more suitable for vortex identification.
Growth and form of a self-constructing tube network
Authors: Couture J. , Lena A. , Maselko J. , Pantaleone J.
Published: December 2019

When a small amount of liquid is quickly injected into another liquid with similar density, the fluid jet usually does not propagate very far. However, when the two solutions chemically react to form a flexible membrane at their interface, then structures that are long and branching can form. Here, we describe the tube networks produced when a small amount of AlCl3 solution is quickly injected into a NaOH solution. Single straight tubes do not occur, but straight tubular “stems” with 2–5 “branches” are observed. The branches emerge relatively symmetrically from the stem at a common branching junction. These structures can have a ratio of propagation distance to stem width as large as 50. The stem and branches grow by the stretching of the membrane sheathing the closed tube system. These tube networks occasionally exhibit the spontaneous creation of new branches at a junction and also the splitting of a branching junction. A model explains why the branches occur, why they are symmetric around the central stem, and why the initial growth speed is insensitive to the flow rate.
Ketyl-phenoxyl triplet radical pair in glycerol: Magnetic field effect and cage kinetics in terms of the two-state model
Authors: Levin Peter P. , Shushin Anatoly I. , Khudyakov Igor V.
Published: December 2019

The geminate recombination kinetics of the triplet pairs of neutral radicals formed as a result of hydrogen atom transfer from 4-methylphenol to 4,4′-dimethylbenzophenone in the triplet excited state was studied by laser flash photolysis in the temperature range of 263–323 K. The pair included aromatic ketyl and 4-methylphenoxyl radicals produced in a viscous (∼10 P) solution of the initial reagents in glycerol. The geminate recombination kinetics demonstrate a “tail” c(t) ∼ 1/t, with contribution of magnitude An, which increases with temperature. The two-state (TS) model, which takes into account the potential well caused by the interaction between radicals at short distances and the radicals that escaped from a well but returned to it after free diffusion outside the well, was used to fit the data. The application of an external magnetic field (MF) (0.2 T) gave rise to the retardation of the geminate recombination and to the increase of fraction of radicals in the solvent bulk. The bell-shaped dependence of the magnetic field effect (MFE) value upon temperature (with a maximum near 300 K) was found. This dependence correlates with An and its dependence on the MF. At temperatures lower than 270 K, both the contribution of the nonexponential part of geminate recombination kinetics and the MFE were found to be small. The TS model can quantitatively describe the effects of solvent viscosity and MF on the kinetics of geminate recombination of triplet RP.
evERdock BAI: Machine-learning-guided selection of protein-protein complex structure
Authors: Terayama Kei , Shinobu Ai , Tsuda Koji , Takemura Kazuhiro , Kitao Akio
Published: December 2019

Computational techniques for accurate and efficient prediction of protein-protein complex structures are widely used for elucidating protein-protein interactions, which play important roles in biological systems. Recently, it has been reported that selecting a structure similar to the native structure among generated structure candidates (decoys) is possible by calculating binding free energies of the decoys based on all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with explicit solvent and the solution theory in the energy representation, which is called evERdock. A recent version of evERdock achieves a higher-accuracy decoy selection by introducing MD relaxation and multiple MD simulations/energy calculations; however, huge computational cost is required. In this paper, we propose an efficient decoy selection method using evERdock and the best arm identification (BAI) framework, which is one of the techniques of reinforcement learning. The BAI framework realizes an efficient selection by suppressing calculations for nonpromising decoys and preferentially calculating for the promising ones. We evaluate the performance of the proposed method for decoy selection problems of three protein-protein complex systems. Their results show that computational costs are successfully reduced by a factor of 4.05 (in the best case) compared to a standard decoy selection approach without sacrificing accuracy.
Suppressing the carrier concentration of zinc tin nitride thin films by excess zinc content and low temperature growth
Authors: Wang Yong , Ohsawa Takeo , Meng Xiangyue , Alnjiman Fahad , Pierson Jean-Francois , Ohashi Naoki
Published: December 2019

We report the electrical properties of zinc tin nitride (Zn1+xSn1-xN2) thin films grown by reactive sputtering in an ultrahigh vacuum chamber. It is demonstrated that both the Zn-rich content and low-temperature growth are beneficial for suppressing the carrier concentration. Nondegenerate thin films with a composition of Zn/(Zn+Sn) = 0.72 show the carrier concentration of 2.7 × 1017 cm−3 at 300 K and the activation energy of 0.14 eV, which are in contrast to previously formed degenerate thin films with a much higher carrier concentration. Such electrical properties are consistent with the recent first-principles calculation, suggesting that excess Zn can reduce the amount of native donor-type Sn-on-Zn (SnZn2+) defects, while low-temperature growth can decrease the concentrations of unintentional donor-type oxygen-on-nitrogen (ON+) and/or hydrogen interstitial (Hi+) impurities. These results could provide a general framework for controlling the carrier concentration in II-IV-nitride semiconductors.
Non-linear elasticity effects and stratification in brushes of branched polyelectrolytes
Authors: Lebedeva Inna O. , Shavykin Oleg V. , Neelov Igor M. , Zhulina Ekaterina B. , Leermakers Frans A. M. , Borisov Oleg V.
Published: December 2019

Brushes formed by arm-tethered starlike polyelectrolytes may exhibit internal segregation into weakly and strongly extended populations (stratified two-layer structure) when strong ionic intermolecular repulsions induce stretching of the tethers up to the limit of their extensibility. We propose an approximate Poisson-Boltzmann theory for analysis of the structure of the stratified brush and compare it with results of numerical self-consistent field modeling. Both analytical and numerical models point to the formation of a narrow cloud of counterions (internal double electrical layer) localized inside a stratified brush at the boundary between the layers.
A smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulation of fiber-filled composites in a non-isothermal three-dimensional printing process
Authors: Ouyang Zhenyu , Bertevas Erwan , Parc Laetitia , Khoo Boo Cheong , Phan-Thien Nhan , Férec Julien , Ausias Gilles
Published: December 2019

The mechanical and thermal behavior of nonisothermal fiber-filled composites in a three-dimensional printing process is studied numerically with a smoothed particle hydrodynamics method. A classical microstructure-based fiber suspension model with a temperature-dependent power-law viscosity model and a microstructure constitutive model is implemented to model a fiber-filled system. The fiber microstructure is described by a second-order tensor A2 which describes the spatially averaged orientation of the fibers. Two benchmark cases are presented to validate the reliability of the present implementation. Three typical printing modes are tested to assess the characteristics of printed layers. The results show that the printed layer becomes thicker, and the fiber alignment in the printing direction is enhanced in the bottom half of the layer and reduced in the top half due to the existence of nonisothermal effects in the process. The variation in fiber orientation becomes larger with increasing fiber concentration. By increasing the Peclet number, the deposited layer thickness reduces and the fiber alignment in the printing direction is enhanced in the top half and reduced in the bottom half. The evolution of the orientation and the velocity gradient tensors projected along several streamlines are discussed to illustrate the effects of the temperature and different printing modes on the deposited layer.
Green diabetes mellitus: a pilot project
Authors: Ashraf Sadia , Roe Cheryl , Bansal Nidhi
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTIONMost of approximately 422 million people globally have diabetes mellitus use sharps for glucose monitoring. Many adults with diabetes are unaware of safe disposal methods, posing a risk of injury or potential infection to others. AIMTo determine how adults with diabetes dispose of diabetes care-related waste and to assess changes in their disposal habits after receiving brief targeted education during medical visits. METHODSAmbulatory adults with diabetes (aged ≥18 years) were enrolled during their medical visit. After completing an initial questionnaire, a handout on safe disposal practices was discussed with them, which was followed by a second questionnaire 3 months later. RESULTSThere were 111 participants at baseline (mean age 55 years, 50.4% had diabetes for >10 years, 52% female, 74.7% insulin users, 59.4% had home sharps containers, 53.1% had previous diabetes education). Of these, 40.5% reported disposing of sharps in their household trash. Insulin use, previous diabetes education or having a ‘Red Sharps’ container at home were each significantly associated with safe disposal (all P<0.05). Of the 96 (86.5%) participants who completed the second questionnaire, unsafe disposal of sharps fell from 39.6% to 10.4% (P<0.001). Preferred method of container disposal was the use of drop-off sites (pharmacies, doctors’ offices and hospitals). Outside their homes, 18.8% of completers had used regular trash for sharps disposal. Post education, this fell to 8.7% (P=0.065). Post education, reuse of sharps decreased from 38.3% to 14.9% (P<0.001) and improper handling of sharps (eg bending or cutting) fell from 18.8% to 9.4% (P=0.004). CONCLUSIONSSafe sharps disposal can be improved by providing a simple handout with a brief discussion at the time of medical visits. Disposal methods that are easy, convenient and free-of-charge are needed to further increase safety.
‘We’ve called her Stephen’
Authors: Spišiaková Eva
Published: December 2019

This article aims to contribute to the still largely unexplored intersection of translation and non-cisgender
identities through a comparison of three reeditions of Radclyffe Hall’s The Well of Loneliness (1928) in Czech translation. While the novel is considered by many to be the most famous
lesbian story published in the 20th century, it can also be read as a narrative with a transgender protagonist. This is in part
supported by the fact that the hero of the story is born with a female body but is named Stephen, creating a sense of gendered
dissonance throughout the novel. This article asks what happens when this masculine name changes into a feminine one in
translation, and explores the sociopolitical circumstances and publishing norms that have motivated this change.
Kon-Tiki Experiments
Authors: Novick Aaron , Currie Adrian M. , McQueen Eden W. , Brouwer Nathan L.
Published: December 2019

We identify a species of experiment—Kon-Tiki experiments—used to demonstrate the competence of a cause to produce a certain effect, and we examine their role in the historical sciences. We argue that Kon-Tiki experiments are used to test middle-range theory, to test assumptions within historical narratives, and to open new avenues of inquiry. We show how the results of Kon-Tiki experiments are involved in projective (rather than consequentialist) inferences, and we argue (against Kyle Stanford) that reliance on projective inferences does not provide historical scientists with any special protection against the problem of unconceived alternatives.
Visual attention while solving the test of understanding graphs in kinematics: an eye-tracking analysis
Authors: Klein P , Lichtenberger A , Küchemann S , Becker S , Kekule M , Viiri J , Baadte C , Vaterlaus A , Kuhn J
Published: December 2019

This study used eye-tracking to capture students’ visual attention while taking a test of understanding graphs in kinematics (TUG-K). A total of N = 115 upper-secondary-level students from Germany and Switzerland took the 26-item multiple-choice instrument after learning about kinematics graphs in the regular classroom. Besides choosing the correct alternative among research-based distractors, the students were required to judge their response confidence for each question. The items were presented sequentially on a computer screen equipped with a remote eye tracker, resulting in a set of approx. 3000 paired responses (accuracy and confidence) and about 40 h of eye-movement data (approx. 500 000 fixations). The analysis of students’ visual attention related to the item stems (questions), and the item options reveal that high response confidence is correlated with shorter visit duration on both elements of the items. While the students’ response accuracy and their response confidence are highly correlated on the score level, r(115) = 0.63, p < 0.001, the eye-tracking measures do not sufficiently discriminate between correct and incorrect responses. However, a more fine-grained analysis of visual attention based on different answer options reveals a significant discrimination between correct and incorrect answers in terms of an interaction effect: incorrect responses are associated with longer visit durations on strong distractors and less time spent on correct options while correct responses show the opposite trend. Outcomes of this study provide new insights into the validation of concept inventories based on the students’ behavioural level.
Influence of sputtered species ionisation on the hysteresis behaviour of reactive HiPIMS with oxygen admixture
Authors: Fekete M , Bernátová K , Klein P , Hnilica J , Vašina P
Published: December 2019

In this paper, the hysteresis behaviour of a reactive magnetron sputtering process with oxygen admixture is studied by both experiment and model. The ground state number densities of titanium atoms and ions, and the deposition rates in high power impulse magnetron sputtering discharge were determined for a constant average applied power and pulse duration, while the repetition frequency and reactive gas supply were varied. The hysteresis curve reduced in width and shifted towards the lower oxygen supply with a decrease in the repetition frequency. These experimentally observed trends were well reproduced by a modified Berg model. The presented model utilised measured ionisation fraction of sputtered species and considered the back-attraction of the ionised sputtered species to the target. Significance of the back-attraction process was observed as large fraction of ionised sputtered particles was found to be lost back to the target. This drastically decreased the number of particles deposited onto the substrate, which reduced not only the deposition rate, but also the gettering of the reactive gas. Consequently, the simulated hysteresis curve was shifted and reduced in width as it was observed experimentally.
Reduction in the operating voltage and active power of extended electric power sources
Authors: Konev T A , Kuzmin V A , Mutovina E Yu , Puzhaykin R D , Salomatov V N
Published: December 2019

Chemical sources of current are investigated as lines with distributed parameters. Analytical expressions are obtained for the voltage and active power values of the source at different distances from the beginning of the cell as well as dependences of the working voltage and active power on the source length. Effects of a reduction in the operating voltage and active power are due to the flow of electric current along the source during operation. The magnitude of these effects depends not only on the length of the source, but also on the ratio of the characteristic resistance to the load resistance.
Averaging using normal distribution and its application in condensed matter mechanics
Authors: Rymkevich P P , Vavilov D S , Shakhova E A , Stepashkina A S
Published: December 2019

The work offers a new method of averaging of physical values. The normal distribution of Gauss accepted as a method of averaging. The proposed method of averaging allows the introduction a new commutative ring. This ring has some useful properties. It is shown that in all physical laws where averaging exists, one should switch from ordinary multiplying to multiplying proposed by authors preserving the equations form. It is shown that the shape of the motion equation changes as a result of averaging in all physics laws for condensed matter.
Methodology for ensuring sustainable automatic control of the manufacturing process of manufacturing electronics using the fuzzy logic apparatus
Authors: Petrushevskaya A A , Aleshkin N A
Published: December 2019

The production equipment on which the electronics products are manufactured has stringent requirements for controlling the conformity of physical characteristics, such as thickness, depth, width, and others, to standard values. It is necessary to formalize the task of evaluating the current state vector of product characteristics to ensure real adequacy in the generation of control action and the implementation of a process control strategy close to optimal. The article discusses the process control process for manufacturing electronics by introducing means of inter-machine intellectual interaction and a self-learning multi-parameter fuzzy classifier. Based on the developed procedure, a real assessment of the current state of the controlled characteristics of the object and adequate control of disturbing influences will be provided. The formulated technology is designed to provide an improvement in the quality of transients and to preventively eliminate the risk of defective products, and, consequently, to positively affect the effectiveness of the manufacturing process of electronics manufacturing.
Thermal viscosity of polymeric materials from the standpoint of quantum transfer theory
Authors: Rymkevich P P , Romanova A A , Shakhova E A , Golovina V V , Stepashkina A S
Published: December 2019

In the work a physical model of the amorphous part of microfibrillar was proposed. A determining equation of thermoviscoelasticity based on this model was obtained. The equation is suitable for modeling and forecasting of the stress-strain state of amorphous-cristalline materials.
The simplest oscillating solutions of nonlocal nonlinear models
Authors: Smirnov A O , Aman E E
Published: December 2019

In their recent works, Ablowitz and Musslimani proposed a new type of integrable nonlinear equations – nonlocal analogues of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation, the modified Korteweg-de Vries equation, and other nonlinear differential equations. In subsequent works, numerous researchers constructed the simplest soliton and rational solutions of these equations. In this paper, we construct the simplest oscillating solutions of some of the integrable nonlocal nonlinear differential equations associated to the nonlinear Schrödinger equation.
An effective system for recycling polyethyleneterephthalate
Authors: Kravtsova M V , Volkov D A , Melnikova D A , Kravtsov M V , Bezheskaia E V
Published: December 2019

To increase the efficiency of polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) processing, it is necessary to improve the quality of the resulting product: low moisture content in the raw materials and a minimum amount of impurities, which affects the quality of the product PET flakes. Mathematical modeling of the separation process during mechanical processing of PET is presented. To calculate the air flow rate and separation space, a mathematical model is proposed, according to which a particle of flakes and PVC are considered as a conditional body with aerodynamic properties. It is proposed to improve the quality of PET flakes by installing an air separator. An effective processing technology for producing a product (PET flakes) with a minimum content of PVC impurities was determined, which will reduce the anthropogenic pressure on the environment.
Own fluctuations of technological systems
Authors: Ershov D Y , Zlotnikov E G , Nestorovski B
Published: December 2019

Own fluctuations in the drives of technological equipment based on a three-mass model of fluctuating torsional chain system are analyzed. Differential equations of motion of a mechanical system with three degrees of freedom are obtained. An analysis of the forms of fluctuating processes in the system is conducted. Conditions of orthogonality of own torsional fluctuation forms are considered, dependencies of own frequencies on system rigidity coefficients are determined.
Discrete event-based systems of transport automated dispatching control
Authors: Fadeev A I
Published: December 2019

The paper provides a formal description of the motor transport automated dispatching control system (ADCS) as a discrete event-based system. ADCS, in conjunction with the control object, forms the “ADCS - CO” system, in which the transport process is performed. The solution of the main tasks of the dispatching control system is considered, which includes measuring the parameters of the current or executed movement, identifying violations of technological standards; calculation of compliance of the transportation program and actual traffic parameters, identification of unacceptable discrepancies. The calculation of the compliance of the transportation program with the actual traffic parameters is carried out by estimating the planned and actual traffic routes, which is performed as follows: the starting and ending points of the planned route are determined in the actual trajectory of the vehicle. The next step is to evaluate the planned and actual movement by determining the overall sequence of two ordered sets: the points of the planned and actual routes of movement. The solution of this problem is performed by the classical dynamic programming algorithm about finding the largest common subsequence of two lines.
Technologies of reconstruction and procedural generation of three-dimensional content
Authors: Mezhenin Alexander , Izvozchikova Vera , Shardakov Vladimir , Korotkikh Alexey
Published: December 2019

The research is aimed at finding and developing approaches to procedural content generation that meet the conditions of universality and optimality. The use of modular objects is considered as one of the possible solutions and a model for their construction is proposed. This model allows you to create single-tier modular objects, taking into account the possibility of combining modules according to specified rules, which ensures the correctness of their construction. For the proposed model, an algorithm for generating modular objects based on a given contour was developed and implemented. This algorithm provides the ability to generate objects in real time, which allows you to quickly make changes and thereby optimize the process of generating content and make it more flexible.
Convergence of the Russian power industry in a period of declining reliability and sustainability of the industry
Authors: Gibadullin A A , Pulyaeva V N , Kharitonova E N , Kharitonova N A
Published: December 2019

The article is devoted to the problem of reliable and stable functioning of the Russian electric power complex. The analysis of structural transformations in the electric power industry and statistical data allowed the authors of the study to conclude that in the industry there is a decrease in the reliability of energy facilities, the stability of the energy system is being violated, and the level of physical and moral depreciation of fixed assets is increasing. It was established in the work that in order to maintain the balance of production and consumption of electric energy, to ensure the necessary level of development of the electric power complex and economic stability, it is necessary to integrate energy enterprises into a single structural mechanism, which can be represented as a holding company. At the end of the work, a mechanism of convergence and ensuring the sustainability of the electric power complex is presented, containing measures for the integration of energy enterprises, the development of a program for ensuring stability and monitoring the technical condition of the energy system. In conclusion, the study presents the main findings and results of the work.
The comparative estimation of workload relocation approaches in the fog- and edge-computing environments
Authors: Klimenko A B , Safronenkova I B
Published: December 2019

In the current paper the issues of the workload relocation in the fog- and edge-computing environments are in-question. The workload relocation problem is closely connected to the scheduling problems, yet, outside the cloud there is almost unlimited number of nodes to place the computational tasks. So the search space for the optimization problem grows, and the time of the workload relocation degrades. We emphasize the techniques to limit the set of candidate nodes for the tasks distribution. In the paper two approaches are proposed and considered in terms of time consumption. The simple models are developed with the following simulation. Also the distributed-ledger-based modifications of the techniques are proposed and examined.
The formation of factors affecting the sustainable development of the generating complex of the electric power industry
Authors: Morkovkin D E , Kerimova Ch V , Dontsova O I , Gibadullin A A
Published: December 2019

The article is devoted to the conditions and principles of the functioning of the generating complex in a changing external and internal environment. The study determined that the stability of the system is the most important state within which it is possible to streamline the production process. At the same time, in order to ensure stability, it is necessary to determine and manage the factors affecting the state of the system. In the generating complex of the electric power industry, these factors should be divided into the mega-, macro-, meso- and microenvironment, the characteristics of which are presented in the study. The paper presents a scheme that includes the main factors affecting the sustainable development of the generating complex of the electric power industry. The study defines the conditions for regulation and management of factors that ensure the stability of the generating complex. In conclusion, the study presents the main findings and results of the work.
Assessment of innovative projects in the rocket and space engineering
Authors: Anikina Yu A , Ragozina M A , Malanina Yu N , Kurako D V
Published: December 2019

The article deals with the methodological assessment of innovative projects of the rocket and space engineering enterprises. Here are analyzed all the main features of the project such as the multi-stage, the investment and the innovation efficiency, specific risks, the economic development of the enterprise based on project efficiency, the social efficiency, the environmental efficiency and the application of non-standard forms of financing, such as government or venture capital, business angels, etc.
Approach to mathematical simulation of data networking with packet routing
Authors: Kravets O Ja , Burkovsky A V , Yaskevich O G
Published: December 2019

This article discusses an approach to monitoring optimization in telecommunication networks with packet routing. Mathematical model of data networking with accounting for monitoring traffic structure is described, optimization task is determined. Main attention is paid to model development on the basis of queueing theory in order to generation of reserve capacity in system. The main concept is that comparatively simple structure of monitoring network is imposed on physical structure of telecommunication network. The modeling is aimed at selection of optimum parameters of monitoring system, solution techniques for similar task are proposed. The obtained optimization task is sufficiently complicated, subsequent attempts should be aimed at searching for conditions which would enable introduction of some constraints in order to simplify its solution without noticeable loss of the model adequacy. This is especially important for asynchronous task of monitoring, it should be based on selection of the most acceptable type of objective function (linear or quadratic).
Practical implementation of Data Envelopment Analysis technology to assess the innovative sustainability of resource-type regions
Authors: Ruiga I R , Stupina A A , Kovzunova E S , Chayka A A , Shkradyuk I A
Published: December 2019

The article is devoted to the modification of the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method to conduct a comparative assessment of the innovative sustainability of resource-type regions. The theoretical basis for the study was the results of the analysis of accumulated foreign experience and current Russian practice on the assessment of sustainable innovative development at the federal and regional levels. Based on the approaches studied, taking into account the identified advantages and disadvantages, the authors proposed a modification of the DEA method, which allows to evaluate the effectiveness of innovative development of regions from a position of sustainability, with subsequent interpretation of the assessment results and identification of factors that have a negative impact. The results of the study can be used by regional and federal government bodies to monitor risks and threats in the innovation sphere of the regions of the Russian Federation, as well as to adjust existing regulatory, strategic documents and improve mechanisms to stimulate innovation in resource-type regions.
The application of displaced trajectories in tasks of aircraft navigation in time
Authors: Markelov V V
Published: December 2019

Modern requirements in accuracy of aircraft flight trajectory following is done with specifications to the systems of zone navigation in the international air space RNAV (Area Navigation) and RNP (Required Navigation Performance) may apply tight restrictions for the possibilities to correct for the aircraft arrival time to the points of route. Applying the flight speed varying is often insufficient to be on the time chart because of restricted range of available speeds. Application of standard waiting zones in route and in the vicinity of the airport to eliminate the time excess is restricted to the value of minimal flight time which is around 4 minutes or more. As an alternative for arrival time excess elimination to the necessary route point you may use the method of parallel displaced trajectories which is supported functionally with RNP systems. This method is done in the on-board navigation system navigation in time. Depending on the value of the time arrival excess to the necessary route point the navigation coil in time creates the recommendations for the crew how to use displayed trajectories to form the necessary point of exiting to the displaced trajectory to define the side displacement and to evaluate the arrival time correction.
Vibration diagnostics of plates of knife refiners
Authors: Vikharev S N
Published: December 2019

The subject of the research is the diagnosis of the technical condition of the plate of knife refiners. The technical diagnosis of a knife plate consists of determining the stability of the inter-knife gap and the degree of the plate wear. The paper explores the dynamic effects of a plate on a fibrous material. It is shown that the main source of high-frequency vibration of the stator is pressure pulses that occur when the rotor and stator knives cross. The influence of the rotor speed and the number and angle of intersection of the plate knives on the nature of the stator vibration spectrum is studied. It is concluded that the intensity of the effect of the plate on the fibrous material increases from the centre to the periphery. A formula is proposed for determining plate frequencies taking into account the Doppler effect. The vibration diagnostics of the rotor beats is based on the resonance-demodulation method. Estimating the depth of the amplitude modulation of vibrational acceleration of the stator at the maximum plate frequency with harmonics of the working frequency, it is possible to judge the amount of beating of the rotor plate. A device was developed for vibration diagnostics of the beats of a rotor plate of a disk mill. The developed methods and tools can be used in other industries, for example, in mining and metallurgy.
Modular architecture of cyber-physical production for Industry 4.0
Authors: Zakoldaev D A , Shukalov A V , Zharinov I O , Novikov A S
Published: December 2019

The task is to create a digital production company equipped with cyber and physical systems. Cyber and physical transformations of productions is a direction for the industry development which is the paradigm of the Industry 4.0. The Industry 4.0 requires to implement in production autonomic production robots and advanced production technologies. The digital production main component is a production cell, production module and production system which interact in vertical and horizontal communication levels. Flexible production system control is done by the computerized control system. There is a scheme of module architecture for the Industry 4.0 cyber and physical production which functions with professionally prepared cadres.
Modelling of heat and mass transfer processes of capillary-porous bodies
Authors: Alekseev Gennady V , Goncharov Maxim V , Leu Anna G , Nikolyuk Olga I , Romanchikov Sergey A
Published: December 2019

Rational nature management, recognized throughout the world as the dominant trend in the development of the economy, involves the most complete use of plant raw materials consumed by humans. For example, in the nutritional structure of people in most countries, plant proteins predominate over animal ones. In Japan, this ratio is 78.3 and 21.7; in Ukraine - 72.3 and 27.7; in the USA - 65.3 and 32.9; in Great Britain – 61 and 32.4; in Germany - 65.3 and 34.7; in France - 60 and 40; in Canada - 68.4 and 31.6; in China –87.3 and 12.7; in Italy - 74.6 and 25.4. A significant contribution to solving this problem is made by the correct storage of the collected agricultural raw materials at the stage of preparing them for processing. Given the significant amount of root crops, grains and seeds in edible plant raw materials, the interest of food producers to the conditions and modes of their storage becomes clear. Modern storages used for these purposes are equipped with various means to provide the necessary heat and humidity conditions; they even can regulate the composition of the environment in the premises of direct placement of stored mounds of root crops, grain and seeds. The paper considers the possibilities of the analytical assessment of the conditions for such storage of these mounds that would ensure their maximum preservation.
The interoperability of cyber-physical systems in digital manufacturing of the Industry 4.0
Authors: Zakoldaev D A , Gurjanov A V , Zharinov I O , Zharinov O O
Published: December 2019

The task is to integrate cyber and physical systems into the Industry 4.0 digital production company. Cyber and physical systems integration is done with open interaction interfaces in the company virtual and physical levels. The interaction physical level of production machines is defined with the property of technical (technological) interoperability of cyber and physical systems. The program level of production machines interaction is done with the property of semantic interoperability of cyber and physical systems. There is a linear structure of digital production company. There is a scheme with its means of cyber and physical systems technical and semantic interoperability provision for the Industry 4.0 smart factory.
Development of mathematical models of R-1 reactor hydrotreatment unit using available information of various types
Authors: Orazbayev B B , Ospanov Ye A , Orazbayeva K N , Makhatova V E , Urazgaliyeva M K , Shagayeva A B
Published: December 2019

The structures and model parameters of the hydrotreating reactor of a catalytic reforming unit were identified based on available information of various types. The structural identification of the developed reactor models was carried out on the basis of the ideas of the sequential switching of regressors method, and the parameters were identified using the least squares method modified for working in a fuzzy environment. The developed models have the structure of nonlinear regression models (for output, i.e. hydrogenated) and fuzzy multiple regression equations (for qualitative indicators of hydrogenated). When developing the models with the source information, we used available statistical and experimental data describing the operation of the reactor and fuzzy information representing the knowledge, experience and judgment of experts about the hydrotreatment process. Based on the simulation of the hydrotreatment reactor, a graph of the temperature dependence of the hydrogenate yield of the reactor is constructed. A linguistic model has been constructed that estimates the dependence of the temperature of the hydrotreating process on the quality of the feedstock. This model allows to determine the optimal temperature value in a fuzzy environment depending on the quality of the raw material being cleaned.
Digital tests of the robotic chassis’ cyber-physical system for agricultural unmanned vehicle
Authors: Susarev S V , Orlov S P , Morev A S , Kravets O Ja
Published: December 2019

The report explored the problem of digital testing of a robotic agricultural vehicle. The approach to representing the robotic chassis as a cyber-physical system is to build a complex of digital models of units and built-in measuring tools for monitoring physical processes. Based on a model-oriented approach, a digital twin of a robotic chassis for diagnostics and forecasting was built. Information from the vehicle’s on-board measurement system is used to continuously correct model parameters. Models of a car driver, chassis, individual units, and subsystems have been developed. A car model with fifteen degrees of freedom is described. The simulation results for various scenarios of the movement of a robotic vehicle are presented. The simulation results were used in the design of the KAMAZ unmanned vehicle for agricultural purposes.
Features of heat transfer by radiation in a diesel combustion chamber when operating on gas engine fuel
Authors: Likhanov V A , Rossokhin A V
Published: December 2019

The use of compressed natural gas as automotive fuel in automotive diesel engines allows solving a number of problems that cannot be overcome when working on traditional diesel fuel. First of all, this is a problem of reducing dependence on oil fuel, since the cost of the latter is steadily increasing due to the depletion of oil reserves. Secondly, the use of natural gas can significantly reduce emissions of harmful substances from exhaust gases. First of all, this applies to soot particles. But it is precisely this fact that has a key influence on the fraction of heat transmitted by radiation from the working fluid, since it is the soot particles that affect the radiation characteristics of the flame. The paper discusses exactly how this happens, quantitative indicators of radiation heat transfer are given.
Automatic control system development and implementation for melting in electric arc furnaces
Authors: Martynova E S , Bazhin V Yu
Published: December 2019

Automated control systems for arc steel-melting furnaces feature a number of disadvantages and limitations with respect to complete control of technological process. The issues of automation of state-of-the-art metallurgical plants are considered. The main directions of studies of arc furnaces thermal state are detected. Studies of factor changes in the main technological parameters of ASMF-90 are carried out. The necessity of introducing the automated control over arc steel-melting furnaces melting process is substantiated. On the base of the process study, a method for arc steel-melting furnaces thermal state monitoring is proposed. A project is proposed for a modernized automatic control system for an arc steel-melting furnace operated at the modern Russian enterprise under consideration.