bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Describing Dolphin Interactions with Cypriot Fisheries Using Fishers’ Knowledge
Authors: Papageorgiou Marios , Hadjieftychiou Soteria-Irene , Christodoulou Chistodoulos , Petrou Antonis , Moutopoulos Dimitrios K.
Published: December 2024

The study explores the interactions between dolphins and Cypriot fisheries, emphasizing the economic impact and fisher perceptions through data collected from structured interviews with small-scale and large pelagic fishers. The research documents frequent dolphin interactions, impacting catch and gear in both fishing sectors. Reported financial losses and gear damage highlight a significant economic burden, with annual losses averaging EUR 6144 for small-scale and EUR 29,882 for large pelagic fishers. Efforts to mitigate these interactions, such as using acoustic deterrents, have shown mixed results, reflecting dolphins’ adaptability to human activity. While some fishers use deterrents, others remain hesitant due to cost and inconsistent efficacy. The study underscores the need for improved, sustainable solutions that integrate fisher input to enhance acceptance and effectiveness. Findings suggest that dolphins are increasingly relying on fishing activities as a foraging strategy, aligning with broader trends in the Mediterranean. In the context of EU Directive 2014/89/EU, the study integrates ecological considerations and socioeconomic impacts to ensure balanced marine management strategies. This work emphasizes the complexity of human–wildlife conflicts in marine environments, suggesting that further research and collaboration with fishers are essential to developing adaptive strategies that balance conservation with the economic needs of local fishing communities.
Evaluation of Sargassum spp. Oil as a Potential Additive for Biolubricant Formulations
Authors: González-Meza Georgia M. , Rubio-Hernández Carlos C. , López-Pacheco Itzel Y. , López-Pacheco Lizbeth D. , Marín-Santibáñez Benjamín M. , Medina-Bañuelos Esteban F. , Melchor-Martínez Elda M. , Farfan-Cabrera Leonardo I.
Published: December 2024

Macroalgae-derived oils offer a sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative to conventional mineral oils and additives in lubricant formulation. Their favorable fatty acid profiles can contribute to mitigating the environmental impacts caused by using fossil-based products. This study evaluates the potential of Sargassum spp. oil, collected from the Mexican Caribbean, as a lubricity-enhancing additive in synthetic base oils. The impact of Sargassum spp. oil on viscosity and tribological performance was analyzed. The results indicated that Sargassum spp. oil has potential as an anti-wear additive since a formulation using 10% v/v Sargassum spp. oil in a synthetic lubricant (PAO6) resulted in a wear scar diameter value of 703.03 ± 15.56 µm, which is about 10% lower than PAO6 used as commercial synthetic control. Additionally, the formulation significantly enhanced the viscosity index, with a value of 169, which was notably higher than the control (137). The parameter of the coefficient of friction was significantly reduced from 0.1 to 0.08 (about 27%) when using the formulation with 10% v/v Sargassum spp. oil. These findings underline the potential of algae oils as additives in synthetic lubricants, promoting a transition towards greener products and reducing the environmental impact derived from conventional formulations of polyalphaolefins and esters.
Standardized Response Assessment in Patients with Advanced Cholangiocarcinoma Treated with Personalized Therapy
Authors: Ursprung Stephan , Thaiss Wolfgang , Beha Janina , Möller Yvonne , Malek Nisar P. , Beer Meinrad , Gaidzik Verena I. , Seufferlein Thomas , Beer Ambros J. , Nikolaou Konstantin , Reinert Christian Philipp
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Current guidelines recommend Cisplatin/Gemcitabine/Durvalumab as first-line treatment for inoperable or recurrent cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Molecular tumor boards (MTB) have the expertise to support organ-specific tumor boards with evidence-based treatment recommendations for subsequent lines of treatment, based on genomic tumor data and scientific evidence. This study evaluates the adoption of an MTB at a comprehensive cancer center in Germany and whether actionable genetic alterations are associated with specific imaging phenotypes. Methods: Patients with CCA referred to MTB were enrolled from May 2019 to September 2021. For comparison, a cohort of patients from a second center was included. Data on treatment recommendations, regimens, and survival were collected from prospective registries. Baseline and follow-up contrast-enhanced CT were analyzed according to RECIST 1.1. The chi-square test and t-test were used to compare categorical and continuous variables. Results: 583 patients were referred to the MTB, and 92 patients (47 female/51%) with a mean age of 60.3 ± 11.2 were referred for CCA treatment. 65/92 patients harbored 1–3 targetable mutations. Liver metastases were more frequently observed in patients with targetable mutations (84% vs. 62%). Metastasis to the liver and lung was associated with increased sums of diameters (93 mm and 111 mm vs. 40/73 mm in patients with no liver/lung metastasis). The number of metastases in individual organs was unrelated to treatment targets. Follow-up was available for 25 patients with a median time until imaging progression of 23 weeks. Progression occurred as target progression in 63%, nontarget progression in 13%, and appearance of new lesions in 63%. Conclusions: Most patients with CCA harbored targetable mutations, some were related to disease patterns on imaging. The pattern of treatment response and progression was as diverse as the metastatic spread.
Interdigitated Gear-Shaped Screen-Printed Electrode Using G-PANI Ink for Sensitive Electrochemical Detection of Dopamine
Authors: Sarkar Pritu Parna , Tabassum Ridma , Jalal Ahmed Hasnain , Ashraf Ali , Islam Nazmul
Published: December 2024

In this research, a novel interdigitated gear-shaped, graphene-based electrochemical biosensor was developed for the detection of dopamine (DA). The sensor’s innovative design improves the active surface area by 94.52% and 57% compared to commercially available Metrohm DropSens 110 screen-printed sensors and printed circular sensors, respectively. The screen-printed electrode was fabricated using laser processing and modified with graphene polyaniline conductive ink (G-PANI) to enhance its electrochemical properties. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were employed to characterize the physiochemical properties of the sensor. Dopamine, a neurotransmitter crucial for several body functions, was detected within a linear range of 0.1–100 µM, with a Limit of Detection (LOD) of 0.043 µM (coefficient of determination, R2 = 0.98) in phosphate-buffer saline (PBS) with ferri/ferrocyanide as the redox probe. The performance of the sensor was evaluated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and Chronoamperometry, demonstrating high sensitivity and selectivity. The interdigitated gear-shaped design exhibited excellent repeatability, with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 1.2% (n = 4) and reproducibility, with an RSD of 2.3% (n = 4). In addition to detecting dopamine in human serum, the sensor effectively distinguished dopamine in a ternary mixture containing uric acid (UA) and ascorbic acid (AA). Overall, this novel sensor design offers a reliable, disposable, and cost-effective solution for dopamine detection, with potential applications in medical diagnostics and neurological research.
Culture and Self-Congruity in Online Product Ratings: Exploring a Dual Perspective on Emotional Differences in the Pleasure and Pain of Consumption
Authors: Ju Minuk , Yoo Dongho
Published: December 2024

The nature of the online shopping environment can cause uncertainty; thus, consumers use the product experiences and evaluations of others to make purchase decisions. In this study, we investigated whether online product ratings affect consumers’ consumption-related emotions. We also examined whether the effects of these ratings vary depending on culture and self-congruity. We conducted a PROCESS macro model 12 analysis on 394 subjects (200 American and 194 Chinese) recruited through Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) and Wenjuanxing to examine interaction effects and mediation effects. The results showed that American consumers focus on the pleasure of consumption when making purchase decisions, whereas Chinese consumers emphasize the pain associated with cost. Specifically, American consumers experience more consumption-based pleasure and have positive purchase intentions when online product ratings are high, regardless of self-congruity. In contrast, Chinese consumers have less adverse reactions to cost and more positive purchase intentions regardless of online product ratings when self-congruity is high; however, when self-congruity is low, this only occurs if online product ratings are high. Our study provided a mechanism for understanding the culturally dependent effects of online product ratings and offered insights into whether consumers’ perceptions of spending pain can be alleviated to drive purchases. Based on these results, we elucidated this study’s academic implications. We also provided practical implications for companies implementing effective online marketing strategies.
A Machine Learning Approach to Predict Site Selection from the Perspective of Vitality Improvement
Authors: Zhao Bin , Zheng Hao , Cheng Xuesong
Published: December 2024

The selection of construction sites for Cultural and Museum Public Buildings (CMPBs) has a profound impact on their future operations and development. To enhance site selection and planning efficiency, we developed a predictive model integrating Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and Genetic Algorithms (GAs). Taking Shanghai as our case study, we utilized over 1.5 million points of interest data from Amap Visiting Vitality Values (VVVs) from Dianping and Shanghai’s administrative area map. We analyzed and compiled data for 344 sites, each containing 39 infrastructure data sets and one visit vitality data set for the ANN model input. The model was then tested with untrained data to predict VVVs based on the 39 input data sets. We conducted a multi-precision analysis to simulate various scenarios, assessing the model’s applicability at different scales. Combining GA with our approach, we predicted vitality improvements. This method and model can significantly contribute to the early planning, design, development, and operational management of CMPBs in the future.
Conservation Under Siege: The Intersection of Tourism and Environmental Threats in Croatian Protected Areas
Authors: Mileusnić Škrtić Mira , Tišma Sanja , Grgurević Davor
Published: December 2024

This paper investigates the illegal activities that may negatively impact the environment in Croatia’s protected areas, particularly those associated with tourism. Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) and sensitivity analysis are used to identify distinct high-risk activities specific to different park types. Coastal parks are found to be particularly vulnerable to maritime-related illegal activities, with high risk exposure from mooring vessels and swimming in prohibited areas. These parks also face significant risks from illegal fishing and the capture of strictly protected plants and animals, highlighting the need for enhanced marine ecosystem protection. Mountainous and forest parks face significant risks from fire-related activities, while wetland parks are sensitive to poaching and illegal fishing. Additionally, diverse landscape parks show increased vulnerability to littering, poaching, and the collection or harvesting of strictly protected plants and animals. The results underscore the necessity for tailored risk-management strategies that prioritize interventions based on park-specific challenges. By addressing the unique vulnerabilities of each park type, this study contributes insights into mitigating environmental threats posed by tourism and emphasizes the importance of continuous monitoring and adaptive management in protected areas.
State-and-Evolution Detection Model for Characterizing Farmland Spatial Pattern Variation in Hengyang Using Long Time Series Remote Sensing Product
Authors: Ma Yunong , Cao Shi , Lu Xia , Peng Jiqing , Ping Lina , Fan Xiang , Guan Xiongwei , Liu Xiangnan , Liu Meiling
Published: December 2024

Analyzing farmland landscape pattern variations induced by human activities can support effective decision making by governments to improve land use efficiency. However, research on long-term and continuous spatial process changes in farmland is scarce, and spatial pattern changes in farmlands remain insufficiently understood. Moreover, studies in which researchers have utilized dynamic process analysis to describe farmlands are relatively limited. This study aimed to apply the state-and-evolution detection model (SEDM), generated from long-term remote sensing data, to characterize farmland spatial pattern variations in Hengyang City, Hunan Province. Annual farmland data from 1990 to 2022, change type samples, and auxiliary data were collected, and six types of spatial pattern variations (perforation, dissection, shrinkage, creation, enlargement, and aggregation) were defined for the study area. Subsequently, the SEDM was applied based on four landscape indices. Finally, spatiotemporal evolution features, namely evolution times, evolution duration, and dominant evolution pattern, were quantified. The farmland in the study area exhibited a generally upward trend with fluctuations. The maximum area was followed by shrinkage (S), perforation (P), and enlargement (E). In over 70% of the study area, fewer than three evolution times occurred over three decades. The dominant evolution patterns were P–S, S–P, and E–P for single evolution events, and P–S–P, S–P–S, and P–S–S for double events. The model achieved an overall accuracy of 85%, thus demonstrating its effectiveness in characterizing landscape pattern variations and providing valuable insights for researchers and policy makers to develop strategies for farmland protection.
Evaluating Scientific Tourism of Geoheritage: An Empirical Study of Fangshan Global Geopark in Beijing
Authors: Zhu Zehui , Liu Jiaming , Zhu He , Zhao Wudong
Published: December 2024

Scientific tourism (ScT) of geoheritage serves as a crucial approach to ensuring the protection of natural heritage. Establishing a comprehensive evaluation system to guide the exploration of ScT in geoheritage is essential. This study adheres to principles of comprehensiveness by integrating both qualitative and quantitative methods, ensuring operability, authenticity, and scientific rigor. It employs the analytic hierarchy process, expert consultation method, and fuzzy mathematical evaluation method to construct an evaluation index system. This system encompasses four dimensions: ScT of geoheritage resources, practices and construction related to ScT, auxiliary conditions for exploration, and ecological environment construction. The study uses Fangshan Global Geopark in Beijing as a case study for empirical analysis. The findings indicate that the constructed evaluation system effectively captures key factors influencing the exploration of the ScT of geoheritage. Fangshan Global Geopark demonstrates commendable performance in terms of its ScT of geoheritage resources as well as practices and construction. But it has limitations regarding auxiliary conditions for exploration and ecological environment construction. This study provides theoretical underpinnings and policy recommendations for the exploration of the ScT of geoheritage.
Low Transitive Constructions as Typical Clauses in English: A Case Study of the Functions of Clauses with the Nonverbal Predicate be in Stance Displays
Authors: Mayes Patricia
Published: December 2024

Low transitive constructions are ubiquitous in English conversation and as such can be considered “typical” clauses. This article furthers this claim by showing that these constructions are also most frequent in a different genre: arguments between participants at organized protests. It has been argued that one reason these constructions are so frequent is that they function to display participants’ stances. Arguments are a type of interaction where stance displays abound. In fact, they are defined as sequences of utterances that display opposing stances. Thus, the study goes on to examine how the most frequent of the low transitive constructions in the data—clauses with the nonverbal predicate be—function to display opposition across utterances. Du Bois has analyzed stance as resonance across utterances, created from structural parallelism, and he argues that slight changes between linguistic forms can create differing focal points that index contrasts. This framework is used to analyze how participants use the multiple semantic functions of be clauses across interactional sequences to display and modify their stances in response to their opponent. It is suggested that the versatility and ambiguity of be clauses are especially useful in arguments where participants do not share a set of common beliefs.
Nutritional Composition and Productivity of Panicum maximum cv. “Mombasa” Under Different Levels of Nitrogen Fertilization and Water Deficit
Authors: Alsunaydi Saleh , Alharbi Abdulaziz B. , Al-Soqeer Abdulrahman A. , Motawei Mohamed I.
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the production and nutritional quality of Panicum maximum cv. Mombasa grass under varying levels of water stress and nitrogen (N) fertilization, aiming to enhance forage production in harsh environments. Four irrigation levels (5760, 6912, 4608, and 3456 m3 ha−1 year−1) and three N fertilizer doses (115, 57.5, and 0 kg ha−1 year−1) were tested. The results indicate that Mombasa grass produced higher fresh and dry weights under higher irrigation levels (I1 and I2) compared to water deficit conditions across all cuts. Interestingly, under moderate water stress (I3), the dry weight was not significantly different from that under higher irrigation for the sixth harvest in the first season. Water deficit conditions led to a significant reduction in protein content across all treatments. However, under lower irrigation levels (I3 and I4), there was a significant increase in phosphorus (P), potassium (K₊), iron (Fe2₊), and zinc (Zn) concentrations. A heatmap analysis of shape descriptors grouped the productivity and nutritional traits into two clusters based on their response to combined fertilization and drought stress. This analysis revealed that the dry weight, number of leaves, and Fe and Zn contents were positively affected under moderate water stress (80% of control; 4608 m3 ha−1 year−1) with recommended N fertilization. The study concludes that Panicum maximum cv. Mombasa is tolerant to moderate water stress and is suitable for forage production in the Qassim region, Saudi Arabia.
Dietary RNA from Torula Yeast Prevents Capillary Regression in Atrophied Skeletal Muscle in Rats
Authors: Lin Hao , Xing Jihao , Ma Xiaoqi , Nakanishi Ryosuke , Kondo Hiroyo , Fujita Mica , Sutoh Keita , Maeshige Noriaki , Fujino Hidemi
Published: December 2024

Chronic neuromuscular inactivity induces capillary regression within skeletal muscle. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential effects of dietary nucleic acids in counteracting the capillary reduction linked to chronic neuromuscular inactivity in the soleus muscle. The study utilized four distinct groups of female Wistar rats: a control group (CON), a hindlimb-unloading group (HU), an HU group supplemented with DNA (HU + DNA), and an HU group supplemented with RNA (HU + RNA). For a duration of two weeks, rats in the HU + DNA and HU + RNA groups were administered 1500 mg/kg of DNA or RNA orally on a daily basis. Two weeks of hindlimb unloading was concomitant with a reduction in the absolute weight of the soleus muscle and the capillary-to-fiber (C/F) ratio. This was associated with changes due to disuse, including increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduced levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD-2), along with elevated levels of thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), an anti-angiogenic factor. Administering DNA at a medium concentration in the diet did not effectively prevent the reduction in the ratio between capillaries and fibers. In contrast, the equivalent concentration of RNA successfully averted the regression of capillaries during the unloading phase. Additionally, reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase-2 (SOD-2), and thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) protein were kept at the same levels as in the control. The aforementioned findings reveal that RNA is more effective than DNA in preventing capillary regression triggered by muscle atrophy.
Neonatal Hypoglycemia and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes—An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Diggikar Shivashankar , Trif Paula , Mudura Diana , Prasath Arun , Mazela Jan , Ognean Maria Livia , Kramer Boris W. , Galis Radu
Published: December 2024

Background and Objective: The effects of neonatal hypoglycemia on the developing brain are well known, resulting in poor neurological outcomes. We aimed to perform an updated meta-analysis on neonatal hypoglycemia, the severity of hypoglycemia, and the associated neurodevelopmental outcomes from infancy to adulthood. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted from inception until March 2024, using the PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, and the CENTRAL databases. Randomized/quasi-randomized trials and observational studies that evaluated at least one of the pre-specified outcomes were included. A random-effects model meta-analysis was performed to yield the pooled OR and its 95% CI for each outcome due to the expected heterogeneity in the studies. The study findings were reported as per the PRISMA guidelines. Neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI), cognitive impairment, and visual-motor or visual impairment were the primary outcomes. Results: A total of 17 studies (19 publications) were included in the final analysis. NDI, as defined by authors, was significantly higher in early- (OR = 1.16; 95% CI = 1.11–1.43) and mid-childhood (OR = 3.67; 95%CI = 1.07–12.2) in infants with neonatal hypoglycemia. ‘Any cognitive impairment’ was significantly more common in infants with neonatal hypoglycemia (OR = 2.12; 95%CI = 1.79–2.52). Visual-motor impairment (OR = 3.33; 95%CI = 1.14–9.72) and executive dysfunction (OR = 1.99; 95%CI = 1.36–2.91) were also more common in the hypoglycemic group. No difference in the incidence of epilepsy, motor impairment, emotional-behavioral problems, or hearing impairment were noted. Certainty of evidence was adjudged as ‘low’ to ‘very low’ for most outcomes. The severity of hypoglycemia was studied at different intervals, with NDI more common with a blood glucose interval between 20 and 34 mg/dL (1.1–1.9 mmol/L). Conclusions: Low-quality evidence from large observational studies finds a significant association with hypoglycemia in the early neonatal period and long-term neurodevelopmental problems. Additional studies with long enough follow-up are paramount to determine the cut-off concentration and to quantify the impact beyond the infancy period.
Plasma microRNAs as Biomarkers for Predicting Radiotherapy Treatment-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Lung Cancer
Authors: Kazlauskaitė Paulina , Vaicekauskaitė Ieva , Venius Jonas , Sabaliauskaitė Rasa , Steponavičienė Rita
Published: December 2024

Background: Lung cancer is the second most common malignancy and stands as a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Currently, one of the main treatment options for lung cancer is radiotherapy, but this treatment is associated with complications, such as an increased risk of cardiac-related morbidity and mortality. However, currently available methods for predicting radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD) remain suboptimal. Methods: In this pilot study, using the RT-qPCR method, we analyzed the expression levels of six miRNAs (miRNA-1-3p, miRNA-21-5p, miRNA-24-3p, miRNA-29a-3p, miRNA-34a-5p, and miRNA-222-3p). Results: Fourteen pairs of locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer patients’ plasma samples, taken before and after radiotherapy, were examined. It was observed that miRNA-1-3p, miRNA-21-5p, miRNA-24-3p, miRNA-29a-3p, and miRNA-222-3p were downregulated, while miRNA-34a-5p was upregulated in lung cancer patients’ plasma after treatment. Additionally, after definitive radiotherapy, patients with an increased NT-proBNP value displayed a statistically significant difference in miRNA-222-3p levels compared to the normal range of this indicator. The panel of the combined four miRNAs for assessing the risk of cardiac comorbidities demonstrated an AUC of 0.79, sensitivity of 71.43%, and specificity of 100%, with further improved values upon integration with clinical biomarker NT-proBNP. Conclusions: This pilot study shows that the identification of changes in miRNA expression levels in lung cancer patients’ plasma before and after radiotherapy could be used for the early diagnosis of RIHD.
The Influence of Abiotic Factors on the Distribution of Macrophytes in Small Water Bodies in Temperate Ecosystems
Authors: Navarro Law Isabel , Durance Isabelle , Benstead Rachel , Fryer Michael E. , Brown Colin D.
Published: December 2024

Currently, reviews focusing on the distribution of macrophytes focus primarily on large water bodies, regardless of the fact that small water bodies (SWBs), such as ponds, ditches and streams, often support higher levels of gamma macrophyte richness. This review investigates the direction and strength of the relationship between 13 abiotic factors and macrophyte distribution in SWBs. Results demonstrate that there are distinct differences between the effects of abiotic factors on bryophytes and those on vascular macrophytes of different morphological forms. Whilst shading and velocity have a significant (p < 0.05) negative relationship with vascular macrophyte richness and a positive relationship with bryophyte richness, the reverse is true for the size of a water body, depth and concentration of nitrogen. Vascular macrophyte richness has a significant (p < 0.05) negative relationship with distance to a stream source, isolation, the proportion of surrounding land that is woodland, total phosphorus concentrations and pH. The strength of the influence of substrate size and water body size differs between vascular macrophyte morphologies. Key knowledge gaps include bryophyte distribution and the effect of hydroperiod and surrounding land use on macrophyte communities. In order to conserve all macrophyte morphologies and taxa, it is important to protect SWBs with a diverse set of conditions.
1,1-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-ferrocenylbutane
Authors: Forté Jérémy , Herson Patrick , Pigeon Pascal
Published: December 2024

Ferrociphenols are anticancer organometallic molecules bearing a ferrocene group linked, at least, to one para-phenol moiety via a double bond. Up to the present, their biological activity has been thought to be linked to their oxidation within cells to form a reactive quinone-methide metabolite with the participation of this central double bond. To prove this assertion, the alkenyl entity of ferrociphenol 1a (1,1-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-ferrocenylbut-1-ene) was reduced by triethylsilane in an acidic medium to obtain the alkyl counterpart 1,1-bis(4-hydrophenyl)-2-ferrocenylbutane. 1,1-bis(4-hydrophenyl)-2-ferrocenylbutane was fully characterized by 1H NMR (including COSY), 13C NMR, HRMS, IR, elemental analysis and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Although missing the central double bond, this compound remains biologically active, opening the way to a new family of anticancer ferrocene-containing molecules.
Comparison of Graphites Intercalated with Fluorine as Slow Neutron Reflectors
Authors: Clavier Batiste , Czamler Valentin , Dubois Marc , Henry Killian , Nesvizhevsky Valery , Petit Elodie
Published: December 2024

The use of neutron reflectors is an effective method for improving the quality of neutron sources and neutron delivery systems. In this work, we further develop the method based on the Bragg scattering of neutrons in crystals with large interplanar distances. We compare samples of differently prepared fluorine intercalated graphites by measuring the total cross section for the interaction of neutrons with the samples, depending on the neutron wavelength. The Brag scattering cross section is expected to be the dominant part of the total cross section in all the cases. The results show that all samples provide high reflection efficiency over the entire range of the so-called “neutron reflectivity gap” and beyond it, and that they also allow for the choosing of the optimal intercalation methods.
Synthesis and Characterization of Cement Clinker Using Waste Glass and Oyster Shells as Natural Ore Substitutes
Authors: Yang Tao , Wang Yajun , Bai Yang , Chen Xiaoyang
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the process of synthesizing eco-cement clinker using recycled powdered glass (RPG) and oyster shell residue (OSHL) as primary raw materials. Analysis of the mineral composition of RPG revealed that it primarily consists of silica and contains a high level of alkali metal oxides, while OSHL comprises a high-purity trigonal calcite structure, similar in chemical composition to limestone. Comparative analysis of the synthesized ecological cement and its hydration products showed that, after heat treatment at 1200 °C, the alkali metal content in the H12 sample significantly decreased, thereby meeting the standards for cement raw materials. The hydration process of RPG and OSHL ecological cement (ROEC) exhibited greater reactivity, with the presence of alkali ions (such as Na⁺ and K⁺) accelerating the cement hydration reaction and significantly enhancing early strength. Furthermore, as the curing time increased, the hydration products of ROEC became more uniform, ultimately consisting primarily of calcite. These findings indicate that the combination of RPG and OSHL offers a novel approach to cement synthesis, while reducing the content of alkali metal oxides, thereby aligning the cement clinker more closely with modern production standards.
A Perspective on Rehabilitation Through Open-Source Low-Cost 3D-Printed Distal to the Wrist Joint Transitional Prosthetics: Towards Autonomous Hybrid Devices
Authors: Răduică Florin-Felix , Simion Ionel , Enache Ioana-Cătălina , Valter Elena Narcisa , Naddeo Alessandro
Published: December 2024

Over the years, patients with partial hand loss have relied on expensive prosthetics to recover some of the hand functionality. Fortunately, advancements in additive manufacturing desktop solutions allow transitional prosthetics prices to decrease. Therefore, the present work focused on providing a basic overview of the field and available low-cost 3D-printed upper-limb prosthetic devices. The aim was to develop a basic frame of reference on the field of transitional partial hand prosthetics. Concomitantly, this study also highlights additive manufacturing techniques on which further research can be done whilst helping to provide a new variant for an upper limb prosthetic device. The initial stages, current practices, and future possibilities were considered. Researchers and industry can utilize these findings to develop additional variants for the benefit of patients suffering from partial hand loss.
First Eigenvalues of Some Operators Under the Backward Ricci Flow on Bianchi Classes
Authors: Azami Shahroud , Bossly Rawan , Haseeb Abdul , Abolarinwa Abimbola
Published: December 2024

Let λ(t) be the first eigenvalue of the operator −∆+aRb on locally three-dimensional homogeneous manifolds along the backward Ricci flow, where a,b are real constants and R is the scalar curvature. In this paper, we study the properties of λ(t) on Bianchi classes. We begin by deriving an evolution equation for the quantity λ(t) on three-dimensional homogeneous manifolds in the context of the backward Ricci flow. Utilizing this equation, we subsequently establish a monotonic quantity that is contingent upon λ(t). Additionally, we present both upper and lower bounds for λ(t) within the framework of Bianchi classes.
Scatter Search for Optimal Sizing of a Hybrid Renewable Energy System for Scheduling Green Hydrogen Production
Authors: Cacereño Andrés , González Landín Begoña , Pulido Antonio , Winter Gabriel , Moreno José Andrés
Published: December 2024

At present, energy demands are mainly covered by the use of fossil fuels. The process of fossil fuel production increases pollution from oil extraction, transport to processing centers, treatment to obtain lighter fractions, and delivery and use by the final consumers. Such polluting circumstances are aggravated in the case of accidents involving fossil fuels. They are also linked to speculative markets. As a result, the trend is towards the decarbonization of lifestyles in advanced societies. The present paper addresses the problem of the optimal sizing of a hybrid renewable energy system for scheduling green hydrogen production. A local system fully powered by renewable energies is designed to obtain hydrogen from seawater. In order to monetize excess energy, the grid connection of the system is considered under realistic energy market constraints, designing an hourly purchasing strategy. This crucial problem, which has not been taken into account in the literature, is solved by the specific dispatch strategy designed. Several optimization methods have been used to solve this problem; however, the scatter search method has not previously been employed. In this paper, the problem is faced with a novel implementation of this method. The implementation is competitive in terms of performance when compared to, on the one hand, the genetic algorithm and differential evolution methods, which are well-known state-of-the-art evolutionary algorithms, and, on the other hand, the optimal foraging algorithm (OFA), a more recent algorithm. Furthermore, scatter search outperformed all other methods in terms of computational cost. This is promising for real-world applications that require quick responses.
Coordinating the Reverse Factoring System: Buying Back and Bargaining
Authors: Zhao Shengying , Zhou Huan
Published: December 2024

Reverse factoring is a retailer-led supply chain financing system that can enhance liquidity of suppliers and reduce factoring fraud. This paper proposes a bargaining game theory model to analyze the profit distribution in reverse factoring for a two-echelon supply chain system that comprises a core retailer and a capital-constrained supplier. By taking into account the retailer’s credit loss risk, the impact of buying back and bargaining is investigated. Our study shows that in reverse factoring without buying back, the supplier would rather not bargain but the retailer would like to negotiate the wholesale price if the supplier’s bargaining power is low. If buying back exists and the supplier’s bargaining power is low, the retailer is also willing to negotiate the wholesale price. If there is no bargaining but the supplier takes a large portion of the supply chain’s profit, buying back is preferred. Furthermore, when there is bargaining on the wholesale price, both supplier and retailer can benefit from buying back. In addition, bargaining on the buy-back price in reverse factoring is bargaining-proof. Our study first contributes to the growing body of literature on reverse factoring and bargaining game theory. Two managerial implications for reverse factoring also emerge from the study. We find that bargaining should be considered if the supplier tends to coordinate the supply chain financing system by buying back the retailer’s unsold products. In addition, both supplier and retailer should negotiate the wholesale price as they cannot benefit from bargaining on the buy-back price.
Comparative Analysis of da Vinci® Xi and hinotori™ SRS Robot-Assisted Surgery Systems for Gynecologic Disorders: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Togami Shinichi , Furuzono Nozomi , Kobayashi Yusuke , Nagata Chikako , Fukuda Mika , Mizuno Mika , Yanazume Shintaro , Kobayashi Hiroaki
Published: December 2024

Background and Objectives: This study aims to evaluate and compare the safety and efficacy of the da Vinci® Xi and hinotori™ SRS robot-assisted surgical systems for gynecologic disorders. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 401 cases (43 benign uterine tumors; 88 pelvic organ prolapses; 270 low-risk endometrial cancers) of robot-assisted surgery performed at Kagoshima University Hospital between January 2017 and October 2024. Surgical factors such as the operative time, blood loss, and complication rates were analyzed and compared between the da Vinci® Xi (332 cases) and hinotori™ SRS (69 cases) systems. Complications were classified according to the Clavien–Dindo classification, with Grade 2 or higher considered significant. Results: Significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of age, body mass index, cockpit/console time, and median time from roll-in to cockpit/console start. The cockpit/console time was significantly longer for the hinotori™ SRS system (173 min) compared to the da Vinci® Xi (156 min; p = 0.047). No significant differences were observed in the total operative time, blood loss, or length of hospital stay. Intraoperative complications were minimal, with one case of bladder injury and one case of vascular injury recorded for the da Vinci® Xi. The overall postoperative complication rate was approximately 4%. Conclusions: Robot-assisted surgery using both the da Vinci® Xi and hinotori™ SRS systems was found to be safe, with minimal blood loss and a low complication rate. The hinotori™ SRS system demonstrated operative outcomes comparable to those of the da Vinci Xi® system, suggesting that it may serve as a viable alternative. Further prospective studies are warranted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of these systems.
Clozapine and Pneumonia: Synthesizing the Link by Reviewing Existing Reports—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhao Victor , Gong Yiting , Thomas Naveen , Das Soumitra
Published: December 2024

Background and Objectives: Clozapine is a highly effective antipsychotic used for treating treatment-refractory psychotic and mood disorders. However, clozapine also has a serious risk of side effects leading to mortality, particularly its potentiated risk of leading to pneumonia. This review aims to overview the demographic and health-related risk factors leading to pneumonia to better inform risk assessment for clozapine users and to summarise current theories on the mechanisms for clozapine-associated pneumonia. This paper will highlight the need to prioritise pneumococcal vaccination in this population group. Materials and Method: We conducted a literary search of five online databases conforming to PRISMA. Our review includes all peer-reviewed papers with original data that discuss clozapine and pneumonia and excludes case reports. Baseline information of participants, pneumonia-related information and information regarding risk factors and mechanisms causing pneumonia were also extracted. Results: Clozapine was found to have an increased risk of pneumonia compared to other antipsychotic medications. Factors included comorbidities, higher clozapine dosages, and concurrent use of other antipsychotic medications. Key mechanisms for clozapine-associated pneumonia include clozapine-induced hyper sedation, sialorrhea and neutropoenia. Conclusions: While clozapine improves overall mortality for patients, our review confirms clozapine has the highest risk of pneumonia of all antipsychotics. The review also highlights the prevalent underuse of pneumococcal vaccines among clozapine users and the urgent need to increase uptake.
Reverse Osmosis Membrane Engineering: Multidirectional Analysis Using Bibliometric, Machine Learning, Data, and Text Mining Approaches
Authors: Aytaç Ersin , Khanzada Noman Khalid , Ibrahim Yazan , Khayet Mohamed , Hilal Nidal
Published: December 2024

Membrane engineering is a complex field involving the development of the most suitable membrane process for specific purposes and dealing with the design and operation of membrane technologies. This study analyzed 1424 articles on reverse osmosis (RO) membrane engineering from the Scopus database to provide guidance for future studies. The results show that since the first article was published in 1964, the domain has gained popularity, especially since 2009. Thin-film composite (TFC) polymeric material has been the primary focus of RO membrane experts, with 550 articles published on this topic. The use of nanomaterials and polymers in membrane engineering is also high, with 821 articles. Common problems such as fouling, biofouling, and scaling have been the center of work dedication, with 324 articles published on these issues. Wang J. is the leader in the number of published articles (73), while Gao C. is the leader in other metrics. Journal of Membrane Science is the most preferred source for the publication of RO membrane engineering and related technologies. Author social networks analysis shows that there are five core clusters, and the dominant cluster have 4 researchers. The analysis of sentiment, subjectivity, and emotion indicates that abstracts are positively perceived, objectively written, and emotionally neutral.
An Investigation into the Pelletizing Performance of Blends Comprising Brazilian Hematite and Chinese Magnetite Concentrates
Authors: Song Qingshi , Xue Xiangci , Zhu Deqing
Published: December 2024

The carbon emissions from the pelletizing process are much lower than those from the sintering process. Moreover, increasing the proportion of fired pellets in the feedstock fed into the blast furnace can reduce carbon emissions, augment the capacity (the ability of a blast furnace to produce molten iron using the same weight of iron ore) and decrease slag generation. Therefore, much more attention has been paid to the pelletizing process. However, the shortage of high-quality feeds remains a bottleneck in the pelletization industry. Supplying more hematite for fired pellet production is of significant importance. In this study, the physicochemical properties and mineralogical characteristics of Brazilian hematite concentrate (BHC) were systematically analyzed. We simulated the traveling grate process and investigated the effect of BHC dosage on the balling behavior of mixed concentrates, the firing performance of the dry balls and the metallurgical properties of the fired pellets. The results indicate that substituting 20–30% BHC with magnetite concentrates improves the drop number and thermal stability of green balls with a slightly higher dosage of bentonite. The firing characteristics of the dry balls and the reduction index and reduction degradation index of the fired pellets were enhanced, although a slightly adverse effect on the reduction swelling index of the fired pellets was observed. Overall, the mechanical and metallurgical properties of the fired pellets can meet the requirements for blast furnace operations. Substituting magnetite concentrates with 20–30% hematite concentrate in the traveling grate for the pelletization process is technically feasible.
Phycocyanin Additives Regulate Bacterial Community Structure and Antioxidant Activity of Alfalfa Silage
Authors: Liu Xiangdong , Liu Yichao , Liu Mingjian , Xing Jing , Wang Yuxuan , Sheng Panjie , Ge Gentu , Jia Yushan , Wang Zhijun
Published: December 2024

Phycocyanin is a water-soluble pigment protein extracted from prokaryotes such as cyanobacteria and has strong antioxidant activity. As a silage additive, it is expected to enhance the antioxidant activity and fermentation quality of alfalfa silage. This study revealed the effects of different proportions of phycocyanin (1%, 3%, 5%) on the quality, bacterial community and antioxidant capacity of alfalfa silage. The results showed that 5% phycocyanin supplementation could maintain dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content; increase lactic acid (LA) content; decrease pH and butyric acid (BA) and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) content; and improve fermentation quality. At the same time, the contents of total antioxidant capacity (TAOC), total phenol content (TP), polysaccharide content (P) and total flavonoid content (F) in the addition group were significantly increased, the antioxidant capacity was enhanced and the abundance of lactic acid bacteria was increased, which was positively correlated with silage quality. Phycocyanin can improve the metabolic function of carbohydrates and amino acids and promote the production of secondary metabolites. The application of phycocyanin broadens the variety of additives for alfalfa silage.
Comparative Genome Analysis of Piscine Vibrio vulnificus: Virulence-Associated Metabolic Pathways
Authors: Phurahong Thararat , Soonson Patcharee , Thawonsuwan Jumroensri , Tanasomwang Varin , Areechon Nontawith , E-kobon Teerasak , Unajak Sasimanas
Published: December 2024

Vibriosis caused by Vibrio vulnificus is a major problem in aquatic animals, particularly brown marble groupers (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus). V. vulnificus biotype I has recently been isolated and classified into subgroups SUKU_G1, SUKU_G2, and SUKU_G3 according to the different types of virulence genes. In a previous study, we have shown that biotype I V. vulnificus strains were classified into three subgroups according to the different types of virulence genes, which exhibited different phenotypes in terms of growth rate and virulence. To gain insight into the different genetic features revealed by the potential virulence mechanisms of V. vulnificus in relation to a spectrum of pathogenesis, comparative genomic analyses of three biotype I V. vulnificus strains belonging to different subgroups (SUKU_G1, SUKU_G2, and SUKU_G3) were performed. The V. vulnificus genome is composed of two circular chromosomes with average sizes of 3 Mbp and 1.7 Mbp that are evolutionarily related based on the analysis of orthologous genes. A comparative genome analysis of V. vulnificus revealed 5200 coding sequences, of which 3887 represented the core genome and the remaining 1313 constituted the dispensable genome. The most virulent isolate (SUKU_G1) carries unique enzymes that are important for lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and capsular polysaccharide (CPS) synthesis, as well as flagellar glycosylation, and harbors another type of repeat in toxin (RTX) and bacterial defense mechanisms. The less virulent isolate (SUKU_G2) shares enzymes related to CPS biosynthesis or flagellar glycosylation, while the avirulent isolate (SUKU_G3) and a less virulent isolate (SUKU_G2) share enzymes related to the production of rare sugars. Interestingly, the isolates from the three subgroups containing specific CMP-N-acetylneuraminate-producing enzymes that are correlated with their growth abilities. Collectively, these observations provide an understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying disease pathogenesis and support the development of strategies for bacterial disease prevention and control.