bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Basic Needs in Sexual Satisfaction Among Syrian Refugee Spouses in Jordan
Authors: Al-Hyasat Nadia Ibrahim Yousef
Published: August 2024

The pleasure of having a sexual relationship between spouses is a real indicator of family stability and satisfaction. This study examined the impact of basic needs (competence, relatedness, and autonomy) on sexual satisfaction among Syrian refugee spouses. It was a qualitative study that used a structured interview as a tool to collect data. The interviewees were 24 males and females (married) from Syrian refugees in Jordan (Mafraq Governorate). The data analysis tool was the thematic approach of Braun and Clarke (2006). This study was based on the self-determination theory (Basic Need Theory) of Deci and Ryan (2000). The findings of the study were: (i) Syrian refugee spouses bore the challenging status of being refugees in Jordan, which affected their sexual satisfaction; (ii) the early marriage of Syrian refugee youth influenced their sexual satisfaction; (iii), age played a major role in constructing sexual satisfaction among the spouses; and (iv), Syrian refugee spouses were affected by their status as refugees in Jordan, which had influenced their sexual relationships; (v) the patriarchal norm had a negative effect on the sexual satisfaction of the Syrian refugee spouses. The study concluded that the sexual satisfaction among Syrian refugee spouses was low due to their miserable economic and social situation.
Psychological Stress and Its Relationship to Marital Compatibility Among Women Working in Jordanian Universities Considering the Corona Pandemic
Authors: AL-Momani Mohammad Omar , Jolban Moawiah Falah Abo , Tohal Suha Abdulkarreem
Published: August 2024

The study aimed to identify the degree of psychological stress and its relationship to marital compatibility among married women working at the University of Jordan in light of the Corona pandemic, according to the variables (age, economic situation, number of family members). The study sample consisted of (300) working women, who were selected randomly. In addition to using the questionnaire as a study tool. The results of the study showed that the level of psychological stress was moderate, and the level of marital compatibility was high, in addition to the absence of statistically significant differences at the level of significance (a = 0.05) in the degree of psychological stress according to the variable number of family members, and the absence of significant differences. Statistics for the degree of marital compatibility according to the variables (age, economic status, number of family members), where the F values were not statistically significant at the significance level (0.05). The study also found a negative inverse correlation between psychological stress and marital compatibility, where the correlation coefficient reached (-.240), and the correlation was statistically significant at the significance level (α = 0.05).
Work Environment, Training, Work Flexibility and Employee Performance in Banking Sector in Ningxia, China
Authors: Yew Lim Kim , Mei Hu , Kowang Tan Owee , Trang Phung Thai Minh , Udang Lester Naces
Published: August 2024

This conceptual paper is based on a framework that predicts employee performance based on work environment, training, and work flexibility in banking sector in Ningxia, China. It is one of the few types of research that study employee performance in banking sector in Ningxia. This study aims to examine the relationships between work environment, training, work flexibility and employee performance. It makes theoretical contribution by developing a conceptual framework on employee performance, work environment, training, and work flexibility in Ningxia, China. From the practical perspective, the study offers a framework that improve the management level of the banking sector and enhances employee performance as well as psychological wellbeing.
Employee Performance Education Transformation: Training Innovation for Women's Resource Development Through Digital Platforms
Authors: . Safrida , Riana Zenni , Syah Amirul , Prayogi Satria Yudha , Pratama Ikbar , Susilawati Evi , Susilawati Evi Evi , Ibrahim Siti Sara
Published: August 2024

The background of this research is based on its importance transformation education performance employees related to resource development training innovation women through digital platforms at the Office of the National Population and Family Planning Agency for North Sumatra Province. This research aims to: (1) analyze the performance of female employees who took digital platform training compared to female employees who did not take digital platform training, (2) to see significant differences in the performance of female employees between the experimental group (who took digital platform training) and the control group (who did not take part in digital platform training, (3) saw the positive impact of digital platform training in developing digital competence and female employees. The research methodology used a quasi-experiment with a simple randomized design. The subjects of this research were 85 female employees at the Population and Civil Affairs Agency Office. National Family Planning, North Sumatra Province. Data collection method , using a questionnaire with hypothesis testing using the Mann-Whitney-U test Hypothesis testing can conclude that; (1) there is no significant increase in performance between female employees who take part in women's resource development training through digital platforms (X1) compared to those who do not take part in digital platform training (X2); (2) there is no significant difference in the performance of female employees between the experimental group (who took digital platform training) and the control group (who did not take digital platform training) ; (3) digital platform training does not have a significant positive impact on the development of digital competence and performance of female employees.
Development of a Digital Marketing System to Improve Marketing and Sales of MSME Products in Kepudibener Village through Social Media
Authors: Titik Khotiah  , Evi Dwi Kartikasari  , Muhammad Nurul Huda  , Abdul Rohman
Published: August 2024

. Digital marketing aims to attract consumers and potential consumers quickly. The acceptance of technology and the internet in society is very broad, so it is not surprising that digital marketing activities are the main choice by companies. Companies compete with each other to create interesting content to be displayed in their marketing in cyberspace. The approach in this research is the Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) method. In the digital marketing development activities in Kepudibener Village, the team from KKN 2 ITB Ahmad Dahlan Lamongan hopes that the training and mentoring related to digital marketing can encourage the enthusiasm of MSME players to utilize digital media in increasing sales and marketing of products owned by each MSME in Kepudibener Village, and can expand sales networks and relationships because in product sales relationships are very important to encourage MSMEs to develop faster in offline and online markets.
Analisis PPh Pasal 21 Sebelum dan Sesudah Menggunakan Tarif Efektif PP 58/2023
Authors: Brigitha Alexandra Titis Yolanda  , Erna Sulistyowati
Published: August 2024

This research compares the calculation of Article 21 income tax based on Law Number 7 of 2021 concerning Harmonization of Tax Regulations with the calculation after the enactment of Government Regulation Number 58 of 2023 (PP 58/2023). In addition, this study also discusses the Minister of Finance Regulation Number 168 of 2023 (PMK 168/2023). The results show that with the application of the Effective Tariff (TER), the monthly tax imposition on individual taxpayers is lower than the calculation based on the HPP Law 7/2021. The research method used is descriptive qualitative, by collecting data and information from various sources, including relevant laws and regulations and analyzing tax calculations. This research is expected to provide a deeper insight into the impact of regulatory changes on the tax burden borne by individual taxpayers.
Analisis Pengakuan Pendapatan Kontrak Berdasarkan PSAK 115 Pada PT Syma Berkah Indonesia
Authors: Deviyanti Sofia Rachman  , Siti Sundari
Published: August 2024

Revenue is a variable that companies consider when deciding to transact with their customers. Therefore, in reaching an agreement with a customer, the company generally binds the economic relationship with the contract agreement to determine the transaction price of the transfer of goods or services. Based on PSAK 115, it is stated that revenue is regulated in five principles, namely: (1) identifying contracts with customers; (2) identifying the obligation to perform in the contract; (3) determining transaction prices; (4) allocating transaction prices to implementation obligations; and (5) recognize revenue when (or during) the entity fulfills its performance obligations. If the company has fulfilled the five stages of PSAK 115, the company can recognize revenue. On the other hand, if it does not meet any of them, the company cannot recognize revenue. This study is aimed at finding out the conformity between the recognition of PT. Syma Berkah Indonesia which is one of the contractor service companies in the city of Surabaya with PSAK 115. The analysis method used by the researcher is a qualitative descriptive method to explain the data collected from the company both from the results of interviews, observations, and documentation. Based on the analysis conducted by the researcher, it was stated that PT. Syma Berkah Indonesia implements PSAK 115 to recognize that contract income is considered appropriate.
Analisis Perilaku Auditor Eksternal Dalam Menjaga Kualitas Audit Ditinjau dari Kode Etik Auditor Seksi 340
Authors: Mahmudah Farida Nur , Munari Munari
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini membahas mengenai Bagian Kode Etik Akuntan Publik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis perilaku auditor eksternal dalam menjaga kualitas audit ditinjau dari Kode Etik Akuntan Publik Seksi 340. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Objek penelitian ini adalah auditor senior pada Organisasi Akuntan Publik di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Kode Etik Akuntan Publik Seksi 340 telah diterapkan dalam praktik dan berperan penting dalam menjaga kualitas audit. Juga tidak ada batasan yang masuk akal mengenai gratifikasi dari klien karena hanya berdasarkan kode etik dan peraturan yang berlaku.
Pengaruh Motivasi Kerja Dan Disiplin Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pada Bank Mandiri Area Pondok Kelapa
Authors: Jiwo Ramiaji  , Dovina Navanti  , Dewi Sri Woelandari Pantjolo Giningroem  , Ridwan
Published: August 2024

This study aims to measure the influence of work motivation and work discipline on employee performance at Bank Mandiri Area Pondok Kelapa, both partially and simultaneously. The research method used is quantitative, with data collection techniques through questionnaires distributed to 62 respondents selected using purposive sampling. Data analysis was conducted using multiple linear regression. The results show that both work motivation and work discipline have a positive and significant influence on employee performance, both partially and simultaneously. The coefficient of determination indicates that 57.6% of employee performance can be explained by the variables of work motivation and work discipline, while the remaining 42.4% is influenced by other variables not examined in this study. This research supports previous findings that high work motivation and good work discipline are crucial for improving employee performance.
PENGARUH STRUKTUR KEPEMILIKAN DAN UKURAN PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP KINERJA KEUANGAN PADA PT ULTRAJAYA MILK INDUSTRY Tbk PERIODE 2009-2023
Authors: Ananda Dwita Safatila  , Nurismalatri Nurismalatri
Published: August 2024

This research aims to analyze the influence of ownership structure and company size on financial performance at PT. Ultrajaya Milk Industry 2009-2023. The research method used is quantitative. The data source for this research is secondary data in the form of the Annual Report, the annual financial report published for the 2009-2023 period. The analytical methods used are descriptive statistical analysis tests, classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression, t tests and F tests, as well as the coefficient of determination. The results of this research indicate that partially Managerial Ownership has no effect on financial performance with a t- statistic value of 1.047339 which is smaller than the t table (-1.047339<1.796) with a Prob value. Amounting to 0.3174 is greater than 0.05 (0.3174>0.05), Institutional Ownership has no partial effect on financial performance with a t-statistic value of 1.346476 which is smaller than the t table (1.346476<1.796) with a Prob value. 0.2052 is greater than 0.05 (0.2052>0.05), and partially company size has a significant positive effect on financial performance with a t-statistic value of 3.733802 which is greater than the t table (3.733802>1.796) with a Prob value. 0.0033 is smaller than 0.05 (0.0033<0.05). Simultaneously Managerial Ownership, Institutional Ownership and Company Size have a significant positive effect on PT's Financial Performance. Ultrajaya Milk Industry. with a calculated F value of 5.752613 which is greater than Ftable (5.752613>3.587) with a Prob value. amounting to 0.012879. Less than 0.05 (0.012879<0.05). Determination of R Square (R²) is 0.504562. So (KD = r² x 100% = 0.50 x 100% = 50%) it can be concluded that the contribution of the variables Managerial Ownership, Institutional Ownership and Company Size simultaneously influence Financial Performance by 50% while the remaining 50% is influenced by other factors outside this regression equation or variables not examined in this study.
Fundamental Beta pada Perusahaan Properti yang terdatar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2018-2022
Authors: Tegar Maulana Hidayat  , Adler Haymans Manurung  , Jhonni Sinaga
Published: August 2024

This study aims to determine the effect of Return on Equity, Fixed Asset, Price Book Value, Asset Growth, and Effective Tax Rate on Stock Beta. The data collection method used is using data from the financial statements of property companies. This study was analyzed using descriptive analysis, classical assumption analysis, multiple regression analysis, coefficient of determination, and t-test. The results of this study indicate that the effect of ROE has a positive and insignificant effect on stock beta, fixed assets have a positive and insignificant effect on stock beta, price book value has a negative and significant effect on stock beta, asset growth has a positive and significant effect on stock beta, and effective tax rate has a positive and insignificant effect on stock beta.
TIJAUAN HUKUM ISLAM TERHADAP KONSEP PEMBAGIAN SAMA RATA HARTA WARIS (Studi Kasus Kampung Cipari Desa Sukarasa Kecamatan Pangatikan Kabupaten Garut )
Authors: Fauzan Al-As’ari  , Muhammad Muhammad
Published: August 2024

It cannot be denied that inheritance issues are a crucial aspect of human life. Inheritance arises from three main conditions. First, there is someone who dies, who is called the heir. Second, there is inheritance which consists of wealth owned by the heir. Third, there are individuals or groups who receive the inherited assets, who are called heirs. This inheritance process shows the transfer of rights in the form of property from the heir to the heirs.Inheritance law in Islam is an important and fundamental aspect, which is directly reflected in sacred texts whose existence has been agreed upon. Islamic inheritance law occupies a significant position in the series of Islamic law, becoming one of the pillars of the applicable law. The research approach in this context is normative-juridical, where law is conceptualized as what is written in statutory regulations (law in books) or as rules and norms that become the benchmark for human behavior.In the practice of dividing inheritance in several communities in Cipari Village, Sukarasa Village, Pangatikan District, Garut Regency, it is explained in article 183 that the heirs can agree to make peace in dividing the inheritance after each is aware of their share. Based on this statement, the distribution of inheritance equally is considered valid as long as each heir voluntarily shares it in a family or peaceful manner in accordance with the agreement of all parties involved. In practice, inheritance distribution is often carried out by deliberation to reach consensus and ensure that each party feels fair and satisfied with the results of the distribution. Thus, the inheritance process is not just a transfer of property rights, but also involves social and justice aspects that are important to maintain harmony in the family and society.
PEMENUHAN HAK ANAK YANG DIPONDOKKAN DI PONDOK PESANTREN USIA DINI
Authors: Firman Agus Faisal  , Abdullah Afif
Published: August 2024

This article discusses the fulfillment of the rights of children who are boarded in early childhood Islamic boarding schools from the perspective of Islamic law and law. Early childhood Islamic boarding schools are Islamic boarding schools for children whose aim is to provide in-depth teaching of the Islamic religion from early childhood. This research is focused on digging deeper into the fulfillment of the rights of young children in boarding schools. It is important that special attention must be given to young children, especially in fulfilling children's rights in Islamic boarding schools.
PENGGUNAAN MEDIA GOOGLE EARTH PADA PEMBELAJARAN SKI DI SMP ISLAM MBAH BOLONG WATUGALUH DIWEK JOMBANG
Authors: Zailani Zailani  , Jumari Jumari
Published: August 2024

In the world of education, the development of information technology is starting to have a positive impact because with the development of information technology, the world of education is starting to show quite significant changes. With information and communication technology, we are able to process, transfer and move our scientific information effectively and efficiently and provide learning comfort between students and educators. So that the creation of a close relationship with students is able to produce a conducive Islamic religious education learning system in schools as desired.The aims of this research are (1) to describe the use of Google Earth media in Islamic Education learning at Mbah Bolong Islamic Junior High School, Watugaluh Diwek, Jombang, (2) to describe the supporting and inhibiting factors for using Google Earth media in SKI learning at Mbah Bolong Islamic Junior High School, Watugaluh, Diwek, Jombang.This research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. Data collection was carried out using interviews, observation techniques and documentation. The informants in this research consisted of the Principal, Deputy Head of Curriculum, SKI Teacher who taught in class VII, students. Data collected for observations and interviews were analyzed using data source triangulation analysis techniques.The results of this research are 1) The use of Google Earth media in SKI learning at Mbah Bolong Islamic Junior High School, Watugaluh Diwek, Jombang is stated and refers to the Learning Module which adapts to the Achievement of Learning Objectives. 2) The supporting factors for using Google Earth media in SKI learning are adequate school facilities and the advantages of Google Eart and the inhibiting factors are that there must be an electricity network, an internet network must be available, an LCD projector must be available, a computer or laptop must be available. the results were very effective for several materials. Apart from that, it is to broaden students' insight into developments in information technology.
PERBEDAAN TINGKAT KEFASIHAN BACAAN AL-QUR’AN SANTRI SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH PEMBELAJARAN METODE QIRO’ATI DI PONDOK PESANTREN ROUDLOTUL QUR’AN DARUL FALAH III CUKIR
Authors: Arvine Fiona  , Sholihul Anshori
Published: August 2024

This study aims to determine the difference in the level of fluency in reading the Al Qur'an of students before and after learning the qiro'ati method at the Roudlotul Qur'an Darul Falah III Cukir Islamic boarding school. This research uses quantitative descriptive research with a pre-experimental research type and the research design used is one-group pretest-posttest. The population of this study was 150 people with a sample size of 30 people. The sampling technique for this research was determined using the Stratified Random Sampling technique. Sampling is used in a population that has a stratified structure that will be used as respondents by taking a group that is considered to represent the entire population. Documentation and tests are used as research instruments to obtain data in the form of descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The results obtained from this research are 1) The students' reading fluency of the Qur'an before learning the qiro'ati method obtained an average value of 65.27 and a standard deviation of 9.184 with the highest value being 80 and the lowest value being 52. 2) Al-Quran reading fluency. The students' Qur'an after learning the Qiro'ati method obtained an average score of 76.83 and the standard deviation was 9.337 with the highest score being 90 and the lowest 60. 3) The students' Qur'an reading fluency before and after learning the Qiro'ati method was found. difference, this is obtained from the results of the Paired Sample T-test which shows the Sig value. (2-tailed) = 0.000 which is < 0.05 or H0 is rejected.
DAMPAK INFLASI TERHADAP PENGANGGURAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Mudawamah Dewi , Binti Mustafarida  , Yuliani Yuliani
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak inflasi terhadap tingkat pengangguran di Indonesia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan melibatkan analisis data statistik mengenai fluktuasi inflasi dan pengangguran selama beberapa tahun terakhir, serta mempertimbangkan kondisi perekonomian global yang dipengaruhi oleh pandemi COVID-19. Temuan penting menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara inflasi dan pengangguran, di mana kenaikan inflasi dapat berdampak pada penurunan tingkat pengangguran. Hasil analisis juga menyoroti adanya trade-off antara inflasi dan pengangguran, di mana kebijakan yang ditujukan untuk menurunkan inflasi dapat meningkatkan tingkat pengangguran, dan sebaliknya. Implikasi dari penelitian ini adalah perlunya kebijakan ekonomi yang seimbang untuk mengatasi masalah inflasi dan pengangguran guna mencapai stabilitas ekonomi yang berkelanjutan di Indonesia
Strategi Pengembangan Pasar Modal Syariah untuk Mendukung Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Syariah
Authors: Endah Mudiyatul Kustinah  , Fauzatul Laily Nisa
Published: August 2024

Pasar modal syariah merupakan komponen penting dalam ekonomi syariah yang berkembang pesat, menyediakan alternatif investasi yang sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip Islam. Namun, untuk mendukung pertumbuhan ekonomi syariah secara berkelanjutan, diperlukan strategi pengembangan pasar modal syariah yang efektif. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi strategi-strategi tersebut dengan menganalisis hubungan antara pasar modal syariah dan ekonomi syariah, serta menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi pertumbuhan pasar modal syariah. Melalui pendekatan studi literatur, penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa regulasi yang optimal, peningkatan literasi keuangan syariah, inovasi produk investasi, peningkatan kapasitas sumber daya manusia, dan sinergi antar pemangku kepentingan menjadi kunci dalam mengoptimalkan peran pasar modal syariah. Diharapkan hasil penelitian ini memberikan wawasan dan rekomendasi strategis bagi regulator, pelaku pasar, dan pemangku kepentingan lainnya untuk memperkuat peran pasar modal syariah dalam mendukung pertumbuhan ekonomi syariah secara berkelanjutan.
Pengaruh gaya kepemimpinan dan disiplin kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan di SMAN Olahraga
Authors: Dinda Tri Hapsari  , Agung Dwi Nugroho
Published: August 2024

This study aims to analyze the influence of leadership style and work discipline on employee performance at SMAN Olahraga. This research uses a quantitative method with data collection techniques through questionnaires distributed to all employees. Data analysis was conducted using multiple linear regression. The results show that leadership style significantly affects employee performance. Additionally, work discipline also has a positive and significant impact on employee performance. These findings indicate that improving the quality of leadership style and the implementation of good work discipline can enhance employee performance at SMAN Olahraga. Therefore, it is recommended that the school management focus on developing effective leadership styles and consistent application of work discipline.
AI-POWERED THREAT DETECTION IN CLOUD ENVIRONMENTS
Authors: Gudimetla Sandeep Reddy , Kotha Niranjan Reddy
Published: August 2024

This study assesses the effectiveness of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in enhancing threat detection within cloud environments, a critical component given the escalating security challenges in cloud computing. Leveraging various AI methodologies, including machine learning models, deep learning, and anomaly detection techniques, the research aims to improve the accuracy and efficiency of security systems. These AI methods were applied to a series of simulated threat scenarios across diverse cloud platforms to evaluate their capability in real-time threat identification and mitigation. Results demonstrated a significant enhancement in detection rates and a decrease in false positives, indicating that AI can substantially improve the robustness of cloud security systems against sophisticated cyber threats. The study highlights the transformative potential of AI in cloud security, showing not only improvements in threat detection but also in the speed and reliability of responses to security incidents. Furthermore, the findings advocate for the integration of AI technologies into existing cloud security infrastructures to achieve more dynamic and adaptable security solutions. The conclusion points towards the need for ongoing research into advanced AI applications in cloud security, suggesting future directions such as the development of self-learning security systems and the exploration of AI's predictive capabilities in pre-empting security breaches. This research provides a foundation for further exploration and potential real-world application of AI in securing cloud environments against an increasingly complex landscape of cyber threats.
Selected aspects of the functioning of siblings of blind children
Authors: Gładyszewska-Cylulko Joanna
Published: August 2024

Wprowadzenie. We współczesnym podejściu do niepełnosprawności błędem jest skupianie się jedynie na samych osobach z niepełnosprawnością bez odniesienia do szerszego kontekstu ich funkcjonowania. W przypadku dzieci niewidomych środowisko rodzinne
oddziałuje na nie w sposób stały i ciągły, kształtując postawy w odniesieniu do siebie i innych. Ponieważ rodzina stanowi jeden system, stosunki między pełnosprawnym i niepełnosprawnym rodzeństwem wpływają na pozostałych jej członków. W literaturze tyflopedagogicznej
można zauważyć deficyt opracowań dotyczących problematyki przeżyć rodzeństwa dzieci niewidomych. A tymczasem ich sytuacja warta jest pogłębionego spojrzenia z uwagi na swoją specyfikę, zarówno bycia bratem czy siostrą dziecka niewidomego, jak i częścią układu rodzinnego. Cel. Celem artykułu jest zwrócenie uwagi na potrzebę pogłębionego spojrzenia na funkcjonowanie rodzeństwa dzieci z niepełnosprawnością wzroku. Materiały i metody. Tekst ma charakter teoretyczny, poglądowy, oparty jest na analizie źródłowej publikacji polskich i zagranicznych. Wnioski. Wiedza na temat potrzeb rodzeństwa dzieci z niepełnosprawnością wzroku może
pogłębić spojrzenie na funkcjonowanie rodziny, której częścią jest dziecko niewidome. Poznanie perspektywy widzących braci i sióstr może zwrócić uwagę na pewne wątki jeszcze nieobecne lub szczątkowo obecne we współczesnej tyflopedagogice. Może to zarówno przynieść pozytywne efekty w aspekcie wiedzy na temat niepełnosprawności wzroku i jej konsekwencji, jak i ulepszyć działania z zakresu praktyki edukacyjno-rehabilitacyjnej, dając konkretne wytyczne dotyczące wspomagania wzajemnych kontaktów między rodzeństwem już od najwcześniejszych lat życia.
Factors Affecting in Termination of Breastfeeding, among Nurses and Doctors as Working Mothers
Authors: Zahra Marriam , Shama Izhar  , Samra Ali  , Samina Anwar  , Faiza Boota
Published: August 2024

Background: Breastfeeding is a fundamental aspect of maternal and infant health, offering numerous benefits to both mothers and newborns. However, its premature termination among working mothers, especially in the healthcare profession, is a growing concern.
Objective: To detect the factors that affect the early termination of breastfeeding among doctors and nurses as working mothers.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Sharif Medical City Lahore over a period of four months from January 2024 to April 2024. The sample size of 80 participants was calculated using Slovin's Formula, and a convenient sampling technique was used to collect data from nurses and doctors. The participants included working mothers who had terminated breastfeeding and were willing to participate in the study. Data were collected using an adopted tool for exclusive breastfeeding, consisting of 10 items, with a Content Validity Index of 0.92 and a Cronbach's alpha of 0.78. The data were analyzed using SPSS Version 25.
Results: The majority of participants (50%) were aged between 26-35 years, 61.25% were government employees, 77.5% worked full-time, and 70% had only one child. About 37.5% worked in shifts, 75% worked 6-7 days per week, and 56.2% worked less than 9 hours per week. Major factors contributing to the cessation of breastfeeding included perceived low milk quantity (doctors: 31.3%, nurses: 41.8%), inconvenience/fatigue due to breastfeeding (doctors: 35.0%, nurses: 51.2%), and return to work (both doctors and nurses: 50.0%).
Conclusion: The study concluded that perceived low milk quantity, inconvenience and fatigue due to breastfeeding, and the necessity to return to work were the major factors contributing to the cessation of breastfeeding among doctors and nurses. Addressing these issues through workplace interventions and supportive policies is crucial to promoting sustained breastfeeding among healthcare professionals.
Maternal and Fetal Outcome of Dengue Fever in Pregnancy: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Parveen Uzma , Brohi Zahida Parveen , Aneela Sadaf  , Ifat Baloch
Published: August 2024

Background: Dengue fever, a mosquito-borne viral infection, has become a significant global health concern, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. The impact of dengue fever on pregnancy outcomes is a growing area of concern, with potential risks for both maternal and fetal health.
Objective: To assess the maternal and fetal outcomes of dengue fever in pregnancy.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Hajiani Hospital and Bilawal Medical College Teaching (CDF) Hospital in Hyderabad over two years from January 1, 2020, to December 31, 2021. During this period, 2490 obstetric patients were admitted, and 52 of them, diagnosed with dengue fever during pregnancy, were included in the study. Data collection involved comprehensive medical histories, physical examinations, and routine laboratory tests, including rapid antigen and antibody tests for dengue, liver and renal function tests, and viral serology for hepatitis B and C. Descriptive statistics were calculated using SPSS version 25, including frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations.
Results: Out of the 52 patients with dengue fever in pregnancy, the mean age was 29.04 ± 8.40 years. A significant majority (94.2%) had not received antenatal care, and most were from rural areas (71.15%) and illiterate (78.84%). The mean duration of hospital stay was 4.57 ± 2.932 days. Common symptoms included fever (88.4%), gum bleeding (71.1%), and vomiting (53.8%). Major complications were thrombocytopenia (90.3%), obstetric hemorrhage (71.1%), and anemia (71.1%). Maternal mortality was 13.4%. Among the 37 patients who delivered, 45.9% had vaginal deliveries, 32% required instrumental delivery, and 21.6% underwent cesarean sections. Miscarriage occurred in 13.51% of the deliveries, preterm delivery in 37.87%, stillbirth in 2.70%, and neonatal mortality in 16.2%.
Conclusion: Acute dengue fever in pregnancy poses a significant clinical challenge with high maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. The symptomatic dengue fever is associated with increased risks of miscarriage, preterm delivery, and poor neonatal outcomes. Enhanced antenatal care and early detection are crucial in managing these risks.
Perception among Diabetic Mellitus Patients Towards Their Diet & Physical Activity at Institute of Chest Diseases Hospital Kotri
Authors: Channa Ghulam Farooque , Channar Husan Bano , Sodha Mahaveer Singh , Chang Mairaj Hafeez , Rahimoon Abdul Jabbar , Channa Sheerin
Published: August 2024

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) presents a significant health challenge in Pakistan. Understanding the role of diet and physical activity is crucial as they are key factors influencing the occurrence, seriousness, and control of DM. This study seeks to assess the understanding and attitudes towards dietary habits and exercise among a cohort of adults living with DM in Kotri, Sindh.
Objective: This study aimed to identify the nutritional status and level of physical activity of individuals with type II diabetes.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Institute of Chest Diseases Hospital Kotri, Sindh, from 2nd February 2024 to April 2024. Data were collected from 100 participants of both genders using a pre-structured questionnaire. Participants were approached using a convenient sampling method. The questionnaire collected data on demographics, dietary habits, and physical activity levels. Anthropometric measurements, including body mass index (BMI) and blood sugar levels, were recorded. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 25.0, applying descriptive statistics to summarize the data.
Results: The average age of respondents was between 51 and 60 years. Male respondents made up 74% of the sample, while females comprised 26%. On average, participants had been living with diabetes for 3 to 5 years. Nearly half (49%) of the respondents were aware of the importance of diet in managing diabetes, but many struggled to integrate this knowledge into their lives, primarily due to social factors. Most participants followed a carbohydrate-heavy diet. Economic constraints led to a lack of fruit consumption among many respondents. Despite these challenges, 63% of participants reported being physically active. Only 37% did not engage in any regular physical activity. About 53% of participants had high blood sugar levels, and 47% had normal levels.
Conclusion: The participants acknowledged the importance of dietary control and physical activity in managing diabetes; however, their compliance with these measures was lacking, primarily because of confusion arising from ambiguous information and socio-economic barriers. Addressing these issues through targeted educational and intervention programs is essential for improving diabetes management in this population.
Epidemiology of Ascaris Lumbricoides in District Karak, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
Authors: Sufyan Muhammad , Kareem Fazal , Riaz Fahad Bin , Fairy Attiya Arina , Akhtar Nadir , Farhaj Rehmat , Muhammad Saqib
Published: August 2024

Background: Ascariasis is a common intestinal infection caused by Ascaris lumbricoides, a prevalent parasite contributing to endemic intestinal parasitic infections worldwide. Children are more commonly affected than other age groups, especially in regions with poor sanitation.
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides in District Karak, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, and to analyze the socio-economic and environmental factors associated with the infection.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in various tehsils of District Karak, including Karak, Takht-e-Nusrati, and Banda Daud Shah. A total of 143 stool samples were collected from individuals aged 2 to 60 years. Samples were visually inspected for adult worms and further diagnosed using sedimentation and flotation methods. Sedimentation involved treating stool samples with 10% formalin, allowing the mixture to stand for 30 minutes, and examining the sediment under a microscope. The flotation technique used 4% NaCl solution to float eggs for microscopic examination. Data on demographic, socio-economic, and environmental factors were collected through questionnaires. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25, with chi-square tests to assess associations between infection status and socio-demographic factors.
Results: Out of 143 samples, 71 were positive for Ascaris lumbricoides, yielding a prevalence rate of 49.5%. Among the infected, 69% were from rural areas, while 31% were from urban areas. The infection was more common in females (53%) compared to males (45%). Children aged 11-20 years had the highest infection rate at 34%, followed by those aged 2-10 years at 25%. Poor financial status was associated with a higher infection rate (55%). The prevalence was highest during the summer season (65%). The majority of infected individuals (73%) completed their medication course, predominantly using Mebendazole (59%) and Albendazole (35%).
Conclusion: The study highlights a high prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides in District Karak, with significant associations with socio-economic status, rural living, and seasonal variation. Public health interventions focusing on improving sanitation, access to clean water, and health education are crucial in reducing the burden of ascariasis in this region.
Prevalence and Associated Characteristics of Recurrent Non-Specific Low Back Pain among Private Sector Female Lecturers of Universities of Lahore
Authors: Riaz Nimra , Ahmed Umair  , Zainab Riaz  , Aasma Noor  , Usama Javed  , Syed Muhammad Mughees
Published: August 2024

Background: Recurrent non-specific low back pain (NSLBP) is a major community health concern among women, negatively impacting their physical activities and overall well-being. However, limited research has focused on the prevalence of recurrent NSLBP among private-sector university lecturers in Lahore, where the exact causes remain unidentified.
Objective: To determine the prevalence of NSLBP and its associated characteristics among private-sector female lecturers at universities in Lahore.
Methods: This cross-sectional study included 191 female lecturers aged 25 to 40 years from private-sector universities in Lahore. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire, which assessed demographic information, prevalence of recurrent NSLBP, and associated characteristics. Exclusion criteria included lecturers with tumors, injuries, trauma, pregnancy, and rheumatoid arthritis. Pain intensity was measured using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25, with chi-square tests used to assess associations between recurrent NSLBP and various characteristics, and significance set at p < 0.05.
Results: The study revealed that 68.06% (n=130) of participants reported recurrent NSLBP, while 31.94% (n=61) did not report recurrent episodes. Chi-square tests indicated a significant association between recurrent NSLBP and its associated characteristics (p < 0.001). The analysis showed a moderate negative association between recurrent NSLBP and these characteristics, as indicated by Phi (-0.421) and Cramer’s V (0.421) values.
Conclusion: The study found a significant prevalence of recurrent NSLBP among private-sector female university lecturers in Lahore and identified a moderate negative association with associated characteristics. These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions to address the specific occupational risks faced by this population.
Prevalence of Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome among Non-Athletic Treadmill Users. A cross-sectional study
Authors: Mazhar Fatima , Amna faisal  , Irshad Uzma , Fatima Aymen  , Rimsha Tariq  , Aneeqa Aqdas  , Ghaffar Erum
Published: August 2024

Background: Medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS) is a common injury affecting athletes, runners, and individuals engaged in high-impact activities. Non-athletic treadmill users are also at high risk due to increased exercise volume, load, and impact. MTSS is characterized by unrepaired microdamage in the cortical bone of the tibia, often resulting from repetitive muscle contractions.
Objective: To determine the prevalence of medial tibial stress syndrome among non-athletic treadmill users.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted over six months following the approval of the synopsis. A convenience sampling technique was used to recruit 96 participants from two gym centers in Lahore. Participants, aged 18 to 30 years, with no history of physical or mental illness, were included. Exclusion criteria included those involved in structured sports, competitive programs, athletes, individuals under training, those with joint stiffness, obvious deformities, or comorbid conditions such as fractures, osteoarthritis, bone carcinoma, or recent surgical procedures of the lower limbs. Data were collected using a Delphi-study-developed, cross-culturally translated English questionnaire. Ethical approval was obtained, and the study adhered to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25, employing descriptive statistics, frequencies, and percentages.
Results: The mean age of the participants was 24.09 ± 2.970 years. Among the 96 participants, 45 were male (46.9%) and 51 were female (53.1%). MTSS severity was classified as follows: 20% minimal, 23.9% moderate, 29.1% severe, 14.5% crippling, and 11.4% bed-bound.
Conclusion: Medial tibial stress syndrome was found to be prevalent among non-athletic treadmill users, with a significant portion experiencing moderate to severe symptoms. This highlights the need for targeted interventions and preventive measures for this demographic.
Lead aVR ST-Segment Elevation as a Marker for Left Main Coronary Artery Disease in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients
Authors: Sami Ullah  , Fazl I Subhan  , Muhammad Shahab Ud Din Khalil  , Irfan Ali Khan  , Aamir Sohail  , Arshad Ali
Published: August 2024

Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of death globally, including in Pakistan. Accurate and timely identification of severe left main coronary artery disease (LM-CAD) in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is crucial for improving outcomes. ST-segment elevation in lead aVR on electrocardiogram (ECG) has been proposed as a potential marker for LM-CAD.
Objective: The study aimed to ascertain the prevalence of left main coronary artery disease in acute coronary syndrome patients exhibiting ST-segment elevation in lead aVR and to evaluate the diagnostic utility of this ECG finding.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Cardiology, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan, from April 2023 to May 2024. A total of 125 patients aged 18-75 years with ST-segment elevation of >0.5mm in lead aVR were enrolled. Exclusion criteria included chronic kidney disease, severe anemia, dextrocardia, history of circulatory collapse, low ejection fraction, and prior bypass grafting. Demographic and clinical data were collected, and all patients underwent coronary angiography. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 25.0. Quantitative variables were presented as mean ± standard deviation, while qualitative variables were expressed as frequencies and percentages. The chi-square test was used to find associations, with a p-value <0.05 considered significant. The study followed ethical guidelines, including informed consent and institutional ethical board approval.
Results: The cohort included 70.4% males and 29.6% females, with a mean age of 55.76 ± 6.5 years. Among the patients, 81.6% had LM-CAD. Significant associations were found between LM-CAD and smoking (P = 0.017) as well as obesity (P = 0.003). No significant associations were observed with age (P = 0.825) or gender (P = 0.764). Among the types of ACS, NSTEMI patients had the highest LM-CAD prevalence (48%), followed by STEMI (22.4%) and unstable angina (11.2%), with a significant association between unstable angina and LM-CAD (P = 0.048).
Conclusion: ST-segment elevation in lead aVR is a reliable indicator of left main coronary artery disease in patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome. Major cardiovascular risk factors such as smoking and obesity showed strong correlations with this ECG finding. Incorporating lead aVR analysis into routine ECG evaluations can enhance diagnostic accuracy and facilitate early therapeutic decisions, potentially improving patient outcomes.
Role of Trace Elements in Pregnant Women with Malaria: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Baloch Dr. Saira
Published: August 2024

Background: Malaria is a significant public health and socio-economic issue, affecting over 300 million people annually across more than 90 countries. Pregnant women are particularly vulnerable to malaria due to their decreased immunity, which increases the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, including low birth weight, preterm delivery, and infant mortality.
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the role of trace elements in pregnant women with vivax malaria by comparing their serum concentrations with those of healthy pregnant women.
Methods: This hospital-based case-control study was conducted at Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences and City Hospital, Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan. A total of 120 participants were enrolled, comprising 60 pregnant women diagnosed with gestational vivax malaria and 60 age- and gestational age-matched healthy pregnant women. Blood samples were collected and analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy to measure serum levels of magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn). Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS version 25, with significance set at p < 0.05.
Results: The study found significantly lower concentrations of copper, magnesium, zinc, and iron in the serum of pregnant women with vivax malaria compared to healthy controls. The mean serum levels for copper were 1.50 ± 0.59 mg/L in the malaria group versus 2.01 ± 0.41 mg/L in controls, magnesium was 1.60 ± 0.72 mg/L versus 2.09 ± 0.87 mg/L, zinc was 0.93 ± 0.63 mg/L versus 1.40 ± 0.57 mg/L, and iron was 0.97 ± 0.82 mg/L versus 1.40 ± 0.77 mg/L (p < 0.001 for all comparisons).
Conclusion: The findings suggest that pregnant women with vivax malaria have significant deficiencies in essential trace elements, which may contribute to compromised immune function and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Addressing these deficiencies through targeted nutritional interventions could enhance immunity and improve maternal and neonatal health outcomes in malaria-endemic regions.