bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Japan's Optimal Power Generation Mix Considering Massive Deployment of Variable Renewable Power Generation
Authors: Komiyama Ryoichi , Fujii Yasumasa
Published: July 2013

This paper analyzes Japan's optimal power generation mix considering massive deployment of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems and wind power generation. The extensive introduction of PV systems and wind power system is expected to play an important role in addressing energy security and climate change concerns in Japan. Considering this expected large‐scale deployment of PV systems in the electric power system, it is necessary to investigate the optimal power generation mix which is technologically capable of controlling and accommodating the intermittent output‐power fluctuations inherent in PV and wind energy systems. Against these backgrounds, we develop an optimal power generation mix model, explicitly analyzing the impact of output fluctuation in variable renewables in the detailed resolution of time intervals like 10 minutes for 365 consecutive days, with the role of stationary battery technology incorporated. Simulation results reveal that considerable deployment of those variable renewables does not necessarily require a scale of battery capacity similar to that of the variable renewable capacity, due to quick load‐following treatment by thermal power plants, pumped‐storage hydropower, and battery technology over renewable output fluctuation.
A Family of RuII Photosensitizers with High Singlet Oxygen Quantum Yield: Synthesis, Characterization, and Evaluation
Authors: Pefkianakis Eleftherios K. , Christodouleas Dionysios , Giokas Dimosthenis L. , Papadopoulos Kyriakos , Vougioukalakis Georgios C.
Published: July 2013

A series of RuII‐based photosensitizers were synthesized and extensively characterized. The ligand utilized to coordinate ruthenium was a pyridine–quinoline hybrid bearing an anthracene moiety, and it was combined with commercially available 2,2′‐bipyridine (bpy) for the heteroleptic complexes. The produced bichromophoric complexes show very strong and wide UV/Vis absorption bands. The ability of these complexes to act as triplet photosensitizers in the production of singlet oxygen was thoroughly studied by utilizing the photooxidation of 1,3‐diphenylisobenzofuran as the test reaction. The most efficient photosensitizer in this new family of RuII complexes affords singlet oxygen quantum yields and production‐rate efficiencies up to two times higher than those of the benchmark [Ru(bpy)3]2+ parent complex.
Anion Exchange in Coordination‐Network Materials
Authors: Phuengphai Pongthipun , Massera Chiara , Reedijk Jan , Youngme Sujittra , Gamez Patrick
Published: July 2013

Six coordination polymers, namely, the three‐dimensional frameworks {[Zn3(4,4′‐bpy)3.5(μ‐O2CH)4(H2O)2](ClO4)2(H2O)2}n (1, 4,4′‐bpy = 4,4′‐bipyridine) and {[Zn3(4,4′‐bpy)3.5(μ‐O2CH)4(H2O)2](PF6)2}n (2), the two‐dimensional networks {[Zn(4,4′‐bpy)(μ‐O2CH)(H2O)2](CF3SO3)(H2O)}n (3) and {[Zn3(4,4′‐bpy)4(μ‐O2CCH2CH3)4](ClO4)2(4,4′‐bpy)2(H2O)4}n (4), the one‐dimensional double‐stranded zigzag chain {[Zn3(4,4′‐bpy)4(μ‐O2CCH2CH3)4(H2O)2](PF6)2(H2O)2}n (5), and the one‐dimensional double‐ladder chain {[Zn2(4,4′‐bpy)2(μ‐O2CCH2CH3)2(H2O)2](CF3SO3)2}n (6), have been prepared. The solid‐state structures of the six compounds all exhibit void spaces that contain anions and neutral guest molecules, namely, water for 1, 3 and 5, and water/4,4′‐bpy for 4. The anion‐exchange properties of the compounds have been investigated by monitoring the substitution of the ions by infrared spectroscopy. Furthermore, X‐ray powder diffraction studies and elemental analyses have been used to further confirm the anion exchange. The results show that the anions in all compounds can be replaced with ClO4– or PF6– for 1, 2, 4, and 5, ClO4– and PF6– for 3, and ClO4–, PF6–, and BF4– for 6. Furthermore, compound 1 shows interesting reversible anion‐exchange properties in aqueous solution.
Extending the Family of N‐Heterocyclic Heavy Carbene Analogues: Synthesis and Crystal and Molecular Structures of MeN[CH2C(O)N(R)]2Sn (R = Me2NCH2CH2, PhCH2, Me3CCH2)
Authors: Iovkova‐Berends Ljuba , Seiger Miriam , Westfeld Thomas , Hoffmann Alexander , Herres‐Pawlis Sonja , Jurkschat Klaus
Published: July 2013

We report herein the synthesis of the N‐methyl‐N′N″‐diorganoiminodiacetic acid diamides MeN[CH2C(O)N(R)H]2 [3: R = Me2N(CH2)2; 4: R = PhCH2; 5: R = Me3CCH2] and the novel tin(II) derivatives MeN[CH2C(O)N(R)]2Sn [6: R = Me2N(CH2)2; 7: R = PhCH2; 8: R = Me3CCH2]. The compounds were characterized by elemental analyses, 1H NMR spectroscopy (3–5), solid‐state 13C and 119Sn NMR spectroscopy (8), and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis (5, 8). Compound 8 shows intramolecular N→Sn and intermolecular O→Sn interactions with distances of 2.370(2) and 2.406(2) Å, respectively, the latter indicating that 8 is a coordination polymer. DFT calculations revealed covalent Sn–NC(O) and coordinative N→Sn and C=O→Sn bonds. The wB97Xd functional, which takes into account dispersive interactions, was employed for a correct theoretical description of, in particular, the latter bond.
Microwave‐Assisted Catalytic Amination of Phenothiazine; Reliable Access to Phenothiazine Analogues of Tröger's Base
Authors: Găină Luiza I. , Mătărângă‐Popa Larisa N. , Gal Emese , Boar Paul , Lönnecke Peter , Hey‐Hawkins Evamarie , Bischin Cristina , Silaghi‐Dumitrescu Radu , Lupan Iulia , Cristea Castelia , Silaghi‐Dumitrescu Luminiţa
Published: July 2013

Efficient protocols for microwave‐assisted catalyzed amination of halogeno‐phenothiazines are described. Phenothiazine analogues of Tröger's base (PTB) were obtained by condensation of amino‐phenothiazines with formaldehyde in HCl/EtOH/H2O and structurally characterized by NMR and XRD analyses. The formation of PTB isomers was predicted by computational analysis based on theoretical methods (DFT and HF). Electronic properties of the parent amino‐phenothiazines and PTB were assessed on the basis of cyclic voltammetry and UV/Vis absorption/emission spectroscopy data. The compounds exhibit blue fluorescence emission characterized by extremely large Stokes shifts (8900–10300 cm–1) in both dilute solutions and aggregated states. Interactions with different types of biomolecules show the capacity of binding to proteins and DNA, with effects on prooxidant reactivity including lipid peroxidation.
One‐Pot, Solvent‐Free Access to Unsymmetrical Ureas by Palladium‐Catalysed Reductive Alkylation Using Molecular Hydrogen
Authors: Mohy El Dine Tharwat , Chapron Simon , Duclos Marie‐Christine , Duguet Nicolas , Popowycz Florence , Lemaire Marc
Published: July 2013

Palladium‐catalysed reductive alkylation of monosubstituted ureas has been studied in the presence of aldehydes and using molecular hydrogen as a clean reductant. Unsymmetrical N,N′‐disubstituted ureas were formed in good to excellent isolated yields (60–93 %) without the production of salt waste. This reaction was incorporated to a one‐pot, solvent‐free sequence involving the alkylation of monosubstituted ureas generated in situ from the corresponding amines.
Mild Palladium‐Catalyzed Regioselective Direct Arylation of Azoles Promoted by Tetrabutylammonium Acetate
Authors: Bellina Fabio , Lessi Marco , Manzini Chiara
Published: July 2013

A mild, general, and convenient palladium‐catalyzed direct arylation of the 5‐position of azoles with aryl bromides, efficiently promoted by tetrabutylammonium acetate, is described. 1‐Methylpyrazole, oxazole, and thiazole reacted at 70 °C in N,N‐dimethylacetamide by using Pd(OAc)2 as the catalyst precursor. Electron‐poor and ‐rich functional groups, including the free hydroxy group, are well tolerated in the electrophilic partner. A variety of 5‐aryl‐1‐methylimidazoles were also very efficiently obtained simply by raising the reaction temperature to 110 °C. This ligand‐free protocol was successfully applied to the one‐pot synthesis of two bioactive natural compounds, balsoxin and texaline, starting from oxazole by sequential direct arylation of the 5‐ and 2‐positions.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reaction of Functionalized Aryl‐ and Hetero­arylbismuthanes with 2‐Halo(or 2‐Triflyl)­azines and ‐diazines
Authors: Petiot Pauline , Gagnon Alexandre
Published: July 2013

The palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling of highly functionalized organobismuthanes with 2‐halo(or 2‐triflyl)pyridines, ‐pyrimidines, ‐pyrazines, and ‐pyridazines is reported. The reaction tolerates numerous functional groups, including aldehydes. The synthesis of a shelf‐stable (formylphenyl)bismuth reagent and its use in a cross‐coupling reaction is also described.
Rapid identification of human SNAP‐25 transcript variants by a miniaturized capillary electrophoresis system
Authors: Németh Nóra , Kerékgyártó Márta , Sasvári‐Székely Mária , Rónai Zsolt , Guttman András
Published: July 2013

The 25 kDa synaptosomal‐associated protein (SNAP‐25) is a crucial component of the soluble N‐ethylmaleimide‐sensitive factor attachment protein receptor complex and plays an important role in neurotransmission in the central nervous system. SNAP‐25 has two different splice variants, SNAP‐25a and SNAP‐25b, differing in nine amino acids that results in a slight functional alteration of the generated soluble N‐ethylmaleimide‐sensitive factor attachment protein receptor complex. Two independent techniques, a PCR–miniaturized CE method and a real‐time PCR based approach were elaborated for the specific and quantitative detection of the two SNAP‐25 transcription variants. DNA‐constructs coding for the two isoforms were used for optimization. Excellent specificity was observed with the use of our previously described highly sensitive miniaturized CE system in combination with quantitative PCR. The ratio of the two isoforms were reliably detected in a range of at least four orders of magnitude with a linear regression of R2 = 0.987. Expression of the two isoforms was determined in human samples, where SNAP‐25 was detected even in non‐neural tissues, although at approximately a 100‐fold lower level compared to the central nervous system. The relative amount of the SNAP‐25b isoform was higher in the brain, whereas expression of SNAP‐25a variant proved to be slightly higher in extra‐neural cell types. The genomics approach in conjunction with the miniaturized CE system introduced in this paper is readily applicable for rapid alternative splice variant analysis.
Late Occupation of the High‐Elevation Northern Tibetan Plateau Based on Cosmogenic, Luminescence, and Radiocarbon Ages
Authors: Brantingham P. Jeffrey , Xing Gao , Madsen David B. , Rhode David , Perreault Charles , van der Woerd Jerome , Olsen John W.
Published: July 2013

10Be‐26Al cosmogenic surface exposure, optically stimulated luminescence, and radiocarbon dates from the site of Xidatan 2 (∼4300 m above sea level [asl] in the Kunlun Pass, northern Tibetan Plateau) suggest the site was intermittently and briefly occupied approximately 9200–6400 yr B.P. This age is substantially younger than expected given the late Upper Paleolithic character of the lithic assemblage, which is dominated by microlithic and unique discoidal prepared core technologies. Comparisons between Xidatan 2 and known surface lithic assemblages in the Kekexili and Chang Tang regions of the central high Plateau show not only that the latter are technologically similar to Xidatan 2, but also that they are demonstrably connected to Xidatan 2 through utilization of the same stone raw materials, which includes a chemically distinctive obsidian. Contrary to most accounts of Tibetan Plateau colonization, our results suggest that the earliest substantial occupations on the interior Tibetan Plateau above 4000 m asl may date to the Pleistocene/Holocene transition.
Petrography and Provenance of Sand Temper Within Ceramic Sherds from Carriacou, Southern Grenadines, West Indies
Authors: Pavia Jennifer A. , Marsaglia Kathleen M. , Fitzpatrick Scott M.
Published: July 2013

Petrographic descriptions and point counts of sherds from archaeological sites on Carriacou, the largest of the Grenadine Islands, show them to exhibit wide textural (temper to matrix ratio) and compositional variability. The major mineralogical components include plagioclase feldspar, pyroxene (augite), amphibole (hornblende), opaque minerals, and various volcaniclastic fragments, the latter exhibiting mostly either lathwork or microlitic textures. Sherds dominated by these components constitute an Igneous group, whereas other samples stand out in terms of their high dense mineral content (Placer group), high potassium feldspar content (Potassic Volcanic group), or high quartz content (Quartzose group). The provenance of sand in some of these sherd groups is likely nonindigenous to Carriacou, and possibly includes Puerto Rico (Potassic Volcanic) and Barbados (Quartzose), whereas the provenance of others (Igneous/Placer) is equivocal and potentially exotic to the island in that their composition is most consistent with active portions of the Antilles magmatic arc to the north. These results suggest widespread interaction within the southern Lesser Antilles and possibly other islands to the north and the possible use of clay and/or tempering materials as exchange items.
Deep seismic reflection profile in Central Europe reveals complex pattern of Paleozoic and Alpine accretion at the East European Craton margin
Authors: Malinowski M. , Guterch A. , Narkiewicz M. , Probulski J. , Maksym A. , Majdański M. , Środa P. , Czuba W. , Gaczyński E. , Grad M. , Janik T. , Jankowski L. , Adamczyk A.
Published: July 2013

The first deep reflection seismic profile was acquired across the Teisseyre‐Tornquist Zone (TTZ), a major European suture zone, southeast of the Avalonia‐Baltica collision zone, portraying different tectonic deformation styles (thick‐ versus thin‐skinned) and Phanerozoic crustal accretion episodes over a relatively short distance (240 km). The overall crustal structure preserves image of the Neoproterozoic passive margin setting but with a significant overprint of the repetitive tectonic convergence (Cadomian to Alpine) acting at the Baltica margin. In contrast to the Avalonia‐Baltica collision zone, here the polygenetic crustal accretion occurring at the cratonic margin was ultimately shaped by significant strike‐slip faulting. TTZ is imaged as a narrow (10–15 km) transform zone separating the thinned East European cratonic crust from the Małopolska Block.
A critical scale in plankton aggregations across coastal ecosystems
Authors: Benoit‐Bird Kelly J. , Shroyer Emily L. , McManus Margaret A.
Published: July 2013

We examined the characteristics of biological patches at four different locations to assess the relationship of patch vertical scale, amplitude, and persistence. In contrast to patches of larger animals, we found that the majority of coherent aggregations of plankton at each site were vertically compressed, with most smaller than 5 m vertically. A subset of these layers, often referred to as “thin layers” in the literature, was distinguished by high intensity and greater persistence but not thickness. Our results suggest that ~5 m is a critical vertical scale below which aggregations of plankton frequently occur, pointing toward a controlling characteristic or a process common to a variety of regions and organism types. Given the commonality of this scale, insights into physical‐biological dynamics gleaned from previous studies of the most intense and persistent of these patches may be applied more generally, leading to a better understanding of the ecosystem effects of heterogeneous plankton distributions.
Acute liver failure caused by herpes simplex virus in a pregnant patient: Is there a potential role for therapeutic plasma exchange?
Authors: Holt Edward W. , Guy Jennifer , Gordon Shelley M. , Hofmann Jan C. , Garcia‐Kennedy Richard , Steady Stephen L. , Bzowej Natalie H. , Frederick R. Todd
Published: July 2013

A young woman presented with a febrile illness in the third trimester of pregnancy. Laboratory investigation revealed severe acute hepatitis with thrombocytopenia and coagulopathy. Liver injury progressed despite emergent caesarian section and delivery of a healthy infant. Therefore, therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) was performed on three consecutive days post‐partum for a presumed diagnosis of acute liver failure (ALF) associated with pregnancy due to hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets (HELLP) or acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP). Treatment with TPE was followed by biochemical and clinical improvement but during her recovery herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV‐2) infection was diagnosed serologically and confirmed histologically. Changes in the immune system during pregnancy make pregnant patients more susceptible to acute HSV hepatitis, HSV‐related ALF, and death. The disease is characterized by massive hepatic inflammation with hepatocyte necrosis, mediated by both direct viral cytotoxicity and the innate humoral immune response. TPE may have a therapeutic role in acute inflammatory disorders such as HSV hepatitis by reducing viral load and attenuating systemic inflammation and liver cell injury. Further investigation is needed to clarify this potential effect. The roles of vigilance, clinical suspicion, and currently accepted therapies are emphasized. J. Clin. Apheresis, 28:426–429, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
MRT letter: A total variation based method for 3D shape recovery of microscopic objects through image focus
Authors: Mahmood Muhammad Tariq
Published: July 2013

Generally, shape from focus methods use a single focus measure to compute focus quality and to obtain an initial depth map of an object. However, different focus measures perform differently in diverse conditions. Therefore, it is hard to get accurate 3D shape based on a single focus measure. In this article, we propose a total variation based method for recovering 3D shape of an object by combining multiple depth hypothesis obtained through different focus measures. Improved performance of the proposed method is evaluated by conducting several experiments using images of synthetic and real microscopic objects. Comparative analysis demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Microsc. Res. Tech. 76:877–881, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Automatic particle detection in microscopy using temporal correlations
Authors: Röding Magnus , Deschout Hendrik , Martens Thomas , Notelaers Kristof , Hofkens Johan , Ameloot Marcel , Braeckmans Kevin , Särkkä Aila , Rudemo Mats
Published: July 2013

One of the fundamental problems in the analysis of single particle tracking data is the detection of individual particle positions from microscopy images. Distinguishing true particles from noise with a minimum of false positives and false negatives is an important step that will have substantial impact on all further analysis of the data. A common approach is to obtain a plausible set of particles from a larger set of candidate particles by filtering using manually selected threshold values for intensity, size, shape, and other parameters describing a particle. This introduces subjectivity into the analysis and hinders reproducibility. In this paper, we introduce a method for automatic selection of these threshold values based on maximizing temporal correlations in particle count time series. We use Markov Chain Monte Carlo to find the threshold values corresponding to the maximum correlation, and we study several experimental data sets to assess the performance of the method in practice by comparing manually selected threshold values from several independent experts with automatically selected threshold values. We conclude that the method produces useful results, reducing subjectivity and the need for manual intervention, a great benefit being its easy integratability into many already existing particle detection algorithms. Microsc. Res. Tech., 76:997–1006, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Thermal characteristics of the cold‐point tropopause region in CMIP5 models
Authors: Kim Joowan , Grise Kevin M. , Son Seok‐Woo
Published: July 2013

The climatology, seasonality, and intraseasonal to interannual variability of the temperature field near the cold‐point tropopause (CPT) are examined using the state‐of‐the‐art climate models that participated in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). Both historical simulations and future projections based on the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5 scenario are used to evaluate model performance and to identify potential changes at the CPT focusing on the 100 hPa and zero‐lapse‐rate (ZLR) temperatures. It is found that historical simulations successfully reproduce the large‐scale spatial structure and seasonality of observed temperature and reasonably capture variability associated with El Niño‐Southern Oscillation and equatorial waves near the CPT. However, the models show nonnegligible biases in several aspects: (1) most models have a warm bias around the CPT, (2) large intermodel differences occur in the amplitude of the seasonal cycle in 100 hPa temperature, (3) several models overestimate lower stratospheric warming in response to volcanic aerosols, (4) temperature variability associated with the quasi‐biennial oscillation and Madden‐Julian oscillation is absent in most models, and (5) equatorial waves near the CPT exhibit a wide range of variations among the models. In the RCP 8.5 scenario, the models predict robust warming both at the 100 hPa and ZLR levels, but cooling at the 70 hPa level. A weakened seasonal cycle in the temperature is also predicted in most models at both the 100 and 70 hPa levels. These findings may have important implications for cross‐tropopause water vapor transport and related global climate change and variability.
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Screening of Some Novel Chromones and Pyrazoles with Incorporated Isoxazole Moieties
Authors: Badadhe P. V. , Patil L. R. , Bhagat S. S. , Chate A. V. , Shinde D. W. , Nikam M. D. , Gill C. H.
Published: July 2013

The title compounds 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 5e, 5f, 5g, 5h and 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d, 6e, 6f, 6g, 6h have been synthesized from β‐diketones and chromones, respectively, having 5‐methyl‐3‐phenylisoxazole moiety. Substituted 2‐acetylphenyl 5‐methyl‐3‐phenylisoxazole‐4‐carboxylate 3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e, 3f, 3g, 3h were converted into 1‐(2‐hydroxyphenyl)‐3‐(5‐methyl‐3‐phenylisoxazole‐4‐yl)propane‐1,3‐dione 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e, 4f, 4g, 4h by Baker–Venketaraman transformation. Further, the cyclodehydration of diketone 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e, 4f, 4g, 4h with glacial acetic acid in conc. HCl at reflux gave corresponding substituted 2‐(5‐methyl‐3‐phenylisoxazole‐4‐yl)‐4H‐chromen‐4‐one 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 5e, 5f, 5g, 5h. The corresponding 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 5e, 5f, 5g, 5h react with hydrazine hydrate in presence of glacial acetic acid in ethanol at reflux to furnish 2‐(5‐5(5‐methyl‐3‐phenylisoxazole‐4‐yl)‐1H‐pyrazole‐3‐yl)phenol 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d, 6e, 6f, 6g, 6h. The structures of all newly synthesized compounds have been confirmed by IR, 1H NMR, mass spectral data, as well as elemental analysis. The synthesized compounds have been screened for their antimicrobial activity. Some of the compounds show better antimicrobial activity as compared with the reference drugs Streptomycin, Ampicillin, Gentamycin, Cefixime, and Ketoconazole.
Reactions of 2‐Methylchromones with Cyanoacetamides and Ethyl Cyanoacetate. Synthesis of 6‐(2‐Hydroxyaryl)‐4‐methyl‐2‐oxo‐1,2‐dihydropyridine‐3‐carbonitriles and 7‐Hydroxy‐6‐imino‐9‐methyl‐6H‐benzo[c]chromene‐8‐carbonitriles
Authors: Sosnovskikh Vyacheslav Ya. , Anufriev Viktor A. , Safrygin Alexander V. , Eltsov Oleg S.
Published: July 2013

Although 2‐methylchromones react with cyanoacetamide and N‐methyl cyanoacetamide in the presence of sodium ethoxide in refluxing ethanol to produce 6‐(2‐hydroxyaryl)‐4‐methyl‐2‐oxo‐1,2‐dihydropyridine‐3‐carbonitriles, their reactions with ethyl cyanoacetate under the same conditions took an entirely different course and gave 7‐hydroxy‐6‐imino‐9‐methyl‐6H‐benzo[c]chromene‐8‐carbonitriles.
ERM or ERM? That is the question!
Authors: Oppenberg Andrew A.
Published: July 2013

I can answer the above question posed in the title of this issue's message with a resounding “Yes.” It is both ERM and ERM! Please allow me to translate this “Andyism.” ERM stands for both Enterprise Risk Management and “Everyone is a Risk Manager”—meaning risk crosses all boundaries throughout the healthcare enterprise; we all play an important role in keeping patients safe.
Sociocultural differences, medicolegal implications, and risk management issues in the medical care of an elderly Chinese woman
Authors: O'Donnell Deborah , Worly Brett , Forrester Anique , Vajjhala Vinay , Becker Madeleine
Published: July 2013

Large urban hospitals and their physicians confronted with unanticipated admissions involving international patients may often experience cross‐cultural conflicts arising in the course of a patient's medical care. Conflicts of this nature can place the healthcare team, the patient, and the family at odds due to their respective traditions and the laws, regulations, and guidelines upheld and followed in the United States. The following is a complicated case illustrating a variety of legal, ethical, and clinical issues for Patient XX, an international patient emergently presenting to a large US medical health system for diagnosis and treatment.
Anticoagulant medication errors in nursing homes: Characteristics, causes, outcomes, and association with patient harm
Authors: Desai Rishi J. , Williams Charlotte E. , Greene Sandra B. , Pierson Stephanie , Hansen Richard A.
Published: July 2013

Appropriate and safe use of medications is an important aspect of quality of care in nursing home patients. Because of their complex medication use process, anticoagulants are prone to medication errors in the frail elderly. Therefore, we designed this study to characterize anticoagulant medication errors and to evaluate their association with patient harm using individual medication error incidents reported by all North Carolina nursing homes to the Medication Error Quality Initiative (MEQI) during fiscal years 2010–2011. Characteristics, causes, and specific outcomes of harmful anticoagulant medication errors were reported as frequencies and proportions and compared between anticoagulant errors and other medication errors using chi‐square tests. A multivariate logistic regression model explored the relationship between anticoagulant medication errors and patient harm, controlling for patient‐ and error‐related factors.
Healthcare risk management challenges created by federal regulation of electronic medical records and care management
Authors: Hofert James , Bossen Roy , Schramm Linnea , Dowell Michael
Published: July 2013

Health information technology (HIT) continues to evolve at an ever accelerating pace. Recent federal legislation has encouraged the widespread adoption of electronic record systems in the healthcare environment.1 The federal government recognizes that advanced electronic health record (EHR) systems with clinical decision support (CDS) functionalities have the potential to offer numerous benefits to the quality of patient care.2
Integrative effect of defective interfering RNA accumulation and helper virus attenuation is responsible for the persistent infection of Japanese encephalitis virus in BHK‐21 cells
Authors: Park Soo Young , Choi Eunmi , Jeong Yong Seok
Published: July 2013

Persistence of RNA viruses is often, but not always, associated with the production of defective interfering (DI) particles. To investigate possible roles of DI particles and helper viruses in RNA virus persistence, persistent infection with Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) was established in baby hamster kidney (BHK‐21) cells. At the 6th and 7th serial undiluted passages of JEV on BHK‐21 cells, viral persistence was established spontaneously with DI RNA generation. Seven cell clones exhibiting persistent infection were obtained from the initial BHK‐21 cell batches exhibiting JEV persistence, and maintained for over 400 days. Most cell clones produced infectious particles (101–105 PFU/ml) continuously, expressed viral proteins, and resisted homologous superinfection. Two helper viruses, chvBS6‐3 and chvBS7‐1, were isolated from two of the seven cell clones, and characterized to investigate their roles in JEV persistence. While chvBS6‐3 was restored to its full cytopathicity in the absence of DI RNA, chvBS7‐1 exhibited almost no cytopathicity, regardless of DI RNA co‐replication. Attenuation of chvBS7‐1 did not appear to be due to inadequate adsorption or genome replication, but due to inefficient egress of the assembled progeny virions, suggesting altered helper virus emergence during JEV persistence in BHK‐21 cells. These observations suggest that at least two mechanisms are involved in JEV persistence; a DI RNA‐dependent mechanism, where DI RNA co‐replication nullifies the helper virus's cytopathicity, or a DI RNA‐independent mechanism, where the helper virus is self‐attenuated. This study provides a useful in vitro tool for understanding the mechanisms underlying RNA virus persistent infections.J Med. Virol. 85:1990–2000, 2013.© 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Family–work conflict and job performance: A diary study of boundary conditions and mechanisms
Authors: Nohe Christoph , Michel Alexandra , Sonntag Karlheinz
Published: July 2013

In this study, we used a within‐person daily research paradigm to examine the relationship between daily family–work conflict (FWC) and daily job performance. On the basis of theory on dynamic behavior, we hypothesized that concentration serves as a mechanism through which daily FWC impairs daily job performance. We further predicted that psychological detachment from work during time‐off (i.e., mentally switching off) buffers the negative relationship between daily FWC and daily job performance. Ninety‐five employees completed daily surveys over one workweek. Multilevel modeling results showed that daily FWC was negatively associated with daily job performance and that concentration mediated this relationship. Furthermore, general psychological detachment, but not daily psychological detachment, buffered the negative relationship between daily FWC and daily job performance. The current findings suggest that daily FWC has negative performance implications and that the general level rather than the daily level of psychological detachment from work helps alleviate the negative implications. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative method evaluation for size and size‐distribution analysis of gold nanoparticles
Authors: Hinterwirth Helmut , Wiedmer Susanne K. , Moilanen Maria , Lehner Angela , Allmaier Günter , Waitz Thomas , Lindner Wolfgang , Lämmerhofer Michael
Published: July 2013

Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are popular colloidal substrates in various sensor, imaging, and nanomedicine applications. In separation science, they have raised some interest as a support for sample preparation. Reasons for their popularity are their low cost, ability for size‐controlled synthesis with well‐defined narrow nanoparticle size distributions, as well as straightforward surface functionalization by self‐assembling (thiol‐containing) molecules on the surface, which allows flexible introduction of functionalities for the selective capture of analytes. Most commonly, the method of first choice for size determination is dynamic light scattering (DLS). However, DLS has some serious shortcomings, and results from DLS may be misleading. For this reason, in this contribution several distinct complementary nanoparticle sizing methodologies were utilized and compared to characterize citrate‐capped GNPs of different diameters in the range of 13–26 nm. Weaknesses and strengths of DLS, transmission electron microscopy, asymmetrical‐flow field‐flow fractionation and nanoelectrospray gas‐phase electrophoretic mobility molecular analysis are discussed and the results comparatively assessed. Furthermore, the distinct GNPs were characterized by measuring their zeta‐potential and surface plasmon resonance spectra. Overall, the combination of methods for GNP characterization gives a more realistic and comprehensive picture of their real physicochemical properties, (hydrodynamic) diameter, and size distribution.
Identifying Youth at Risk for Difficulties Following a Traumatic Event: Pre‐event Factors are Associated with Acute Symptomatology
Authors: Goslin Megan C. , Stover Carla Smith , Berkowitz Steven , Marans Steven
Published: July 2013

This study examined factors related to children's acute symptoms following a potentially traumatic event (PTE) to more clearly identify domains that should be included in screenings of youth exposed to a PTE. In particular, the authors examined whether trauma category (i.e., sexual abuse/disclosure of abuse, intentionally perpetrated traumas other than sexual abuse, and unintentional traumas) was related to symptoms after controlling for other relevant factors. Participants were 112 youth presenting for clinical evaluation within a month of a PTE and their nonoffending caregivers. Using data from baseline assessments collected as part of a randomized controlled trial of a secondary prevention program, the following factors were tested in 3 hierarchical regression models: index PTE category, history of traumatic exposure, preindex event functioning, and parenting behaviors. Prior trauma exposure, preindex event functioning, and hostile parenting were uniquely related to children's symptoms in the acute posttraumatic period after controlling for time since the event and child age, but trauma category was not. Implications for identifying and referring children at high risk for poor outcomes in the early aftermath of a PTE are discussed. An exclusive focus on the event is insufficient and more comprehensive understanding of the child and family is required.
Gender Differences in Subjective Sleep After Trauma and the Development of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms: A Pilot Study
Authors: Kobayashi Ihori , Delahanty Douglas L.
Published: July 2013

Women are at higher risk than men for developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following certain types of trauma such as accidents and assaults. Sleep disturbances have been implicated in the development of PTSD. Although gender differences in objective sleep soon after trauma have been found in a prior polysomnographic study, gender differences in subjective sleep soon after trauma and their associations to the development of PTSD have not been examined. This pilot study prospectively examined whether gender moderated the relationship between subjective sleep soon after trauma and PTSD symptom development. Injury patients (17 women, 28 men) completed a sleep questionnaire and a 1‐week sleep diary 2 weeks after their injuries, and the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale at 7‐weeks postinjury. Results showed that women reported greater frequency of nightmares and disruptive nocturnal behaviors (e.g., hot flashes, memories/nightmares about trauma) following the trauma and more severe PTSD symptoms at 7 weeks. Further, gender moderated the relationship between sleep‐onset latency and PTSD symptom severity, such that longer sleep‐onset latency predicted more severe PTSD symptoms in men, but less severe PTSD symptoms in women. These findings suggest that gender‐specific mechanisms may underlie the relationship between sleep impairment and the development of PTSD.
On the ‐action on G‐semistable locally free sheaves on
Authors: Miesener Michael
Published: July 2013

We show that the divisor of jumping lines of any , the moduli space of Gieseker‐semistable locally free sheaves of rank 2 on with , is reduced for . By a lemma of Artamkin this implies, that there are exactly ‐orbits in , the subset of those , which are trivial at a certain line .
Deformation and rigidity results for the 2k‐Ricci tensor and the 2k‐Gauss‐Bonnet curvature
Authors: Caúla Tiago , de Lima Levi Lopes , Santos Newton Luis
Published: July 2013

We present several deformation and rigidity results within the classes of closed Riemannian manifolds which either are 2k‐Einstein (in the sense that their 2k‐Ricci tensor is constant) or have constant 2k‐Gauss‐Bonnet curvature. The results hold for a family of manifolds containing all non‐flat space forms and the main ingredients in the proofs are explicit formulae for the linearizations of the above invariants obtained by means of the formalism of double forms.
Luminescent Polymer Consisting of 9,12‐Linked o‐Carborane
Authors: Tominaga Masato , Morisaki Yasuhiro , Chujo Yoshiki
Published: July 2013

The synthesis of novel luminescent polymer containing p‐phenylene‐ethynylene and 9,12‐linked o‐carborane units alternately in the main chain is reported. The obtained polymer exhibits intense blue photoluminescence, providing the first insights into the optical properties of a 9,12‐disubstituted o‐carborane dye.  π‐Conjugated substituent at 9 and/or 12‐positions in o‐carborane is electrically independent, and both the HOMO and the LUMO levels slightly increase, whereas LUMO of the π‐conjugated substituent at 1 and/or 2‐positions in o‐carborane decrease.  Thus, it is deduced that polymers consisting of the 9,12‐linked o‐carborane unit are able to be applied as light‐emitting materials.

image
Responsive DNA‐Based Hydrogels and Their Applications
Authors: Xiong Xiangling , Wu Cuichen , Zhou Cuisong , Zhu Guizhi , Chen Zhuo , Tan Weihong
Published: July 2013

The term hydrogel describes a type of soft and wet material formed by cross‐linked hydrophilic polymers. The distinct feature of hydrogels is their ability to absorb a large amount of water and swell. The properties of a hydrogel are usually determined by the chemical properties of their constituent polymer(s). However, a group of hydrogels, called “smart hydrogels,” changes properties in response to environmental changes or external stimuli. Recently, DNA or DNA‐inspired responsive hydrogels have attracted considerable attention in construction of smart hydrogels because of the intrinsic advantages of DNA. As a biological polymer, DNA is hydrophilic, biocompatible, and highly programmable by Watson‐Crick base pairing. DNA can form a hydrogel by itself under certain conditions, and it can also be incorporated into synthetic polymers to form DNA‐hybrid hydrogels. Functional DNAs, such as aptamers and DNAzymes, provide additional molecular recognition capabilities and versatility. In this Review, DNA‐based hydrogels are discussed in terms of their stimulus response, as well as their applications.

image
Statistical modelling of surface roughness of aluminium alloy and brass alloy
Authors: Šimunović K. , Šimunović G. , Šarić T.
Published: July 2013

This paper deals with the statistical modelling of surface roughness of face milled aluminium alloy and brass. By the application of central composite design and statistical analysis of experimental data, a regression model has been developed to calculate the surface roughness relating to three quantitative factors (depth of cut, feed rate and number of revolutions) and one qualitative factor (material type). A significant quadratic regression model with nonsignificant lack of fit has been derived. Also, for each level of qualitative factor (aluminium alloy and brass) regression models have been developed to predict surface roughness as a function of three numerical factors (depth of cut, feed rate and number of revolutions).
A study of heat treatment of high‐boron high‐speed steel roll
Authors: Cen Q. , Fu H.
Published: July 2013

High‐boron high‐speed steel (HSS) is a cheap roll material. In the paper, the authors research the effect of heat treatment on the microstructure and properties of high‐boron high‐speed steel HSS roll containing 0.54% C, 1.96% B, 3.82% W, 7.06% Mo, 5.23% Cr and 2.62% Al by means of the optical microscopy (OM), the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and hardness test. The results showed that as‐cast structure of boron‐bearing high‐speed steel HSS consisted of martensite, pearlite, M2(B, C), M3(B, C) and M23(B, C)6 type borocarbides. After quenching, the matrix transformed into the lath martensite, and M3(B, C) dissolved into the matrix. When quenching temperature is lower than 1050°C, the hardness is increased with the increase of quenching temperature under oil cooling, while quenching temperature excels 1100°C, the hardness will decrease with the increase of quenching temperature. Under the condition of salt bath and air cooling, the effect of quenching temperature on the hardness is similar to the above law, but the quenching temperature obtaining the highest hardness is higher than that of oil cooling. The highest hardness is obtained while tempering at 525°C. The hardness of high‐boron high‐speed steel HSS roll is 66.5 HRC, and its impact toughness excels 13.1 J/cm2. Using in pre‐finishing stands of high‐speed hot wire‐rod rolling mill, the wear rate of high‐boron HSS rolls is 0.26 mm/one thousand tons steel. However the manufacturing cost of high‐boron HSS rolls is obviously lower than that of powder metallurgy hard alloy rolls, it is only 28% of that of powder metallurgy (PM) hard alloy rolls.
Investigations of electrochemical double layer capacitor (EDLC) materials – a comparison of test methods
Authors: Lämmel C. , Schneider M. , Weiser M. , Michaelis A.
Published: July 2013

A comparison between various methods for determining the capacitance and resistance of electrochemical double layer capacitors (EDLC) with cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), galvanostatic charge‐discharge methods and cell voltage jump experiments are presented. Therefore, a commercially available electrochemical double layer capacitor was used. For the validation of the screw cell measurements the electrode foils were isolated and extracted from the commercial capacitor. The results support the adequacy of the screw cell tests for electrode materials on a laboratory scale. The comparison of methods shows in part strong differences. The reasons will therefore be discussed. Consequently, the determination of specific values requires methods which respect the influence of the actual tests or measurement frequency and exhibit the importance of an internationally accepted specification for electrochemical double layer capacitors material investigation.
Subthalamus deep brain stimulation for primary dystonia patients: A long‐term follow‐up study
Authors: Cao Chunyan , Pan Yixin , Li Dianyou , Zhan Shikun , Zhang Jing , Sun Bomin
Published: July 2013

Background

Deep brain stimulation has generated sustained improvement in motor function for patients with dystonia, but the long‐term impact of subthalamic nucleus stimulation on dystonia has not been elucidated.

Methods

Patients with primary dystonia underwent bilateral subthalamic nucleus stimulation and were evaluated with the Burke–Fahn–Marsden dystonia rating scale and the Medical Outcomes Study 36‐item Short‐Form General Health Survey at baseline and 1 month, 1 year, and 3 to 10 years postoperatively.

Results

Improvements in motor function according to the Burke–Fahn–Marsden dystonia rating scale at 1 month, 1 year, and 3 to 10 years of stimulation were 55%, 77%, and 79%, respectively. The quality of life improved after 1 month of stimulation (P < 0.001), progressed within 1 year (P < 0.001), and then remained stable. Disease duration was negatively correlated with an improvement in motor function.

Conclusions

Our results demonstrate that the subthalamus is an alternative to the globus pallidus internus as a target for deep brain stimulation to treat primary dystonia. © 2013 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Weakly enforced essential boundary conditions for NURBS‐embedded and trimmed NURBS geometries on the basis of the finite cell method
Authors: Ruess M. , Schillinger D. , Bazilevs Y. , Varduhn V. , Rank E.
Published: July 2013

Enforcing essential boundary conditions plays a central role in immersed boundary methods. Nitsche's idea has proven to be a reliable concept to satisfy weakly boundary and interface constraints. We formulate an extension of Nitsche's method for elasticity problems in the framework of higher order and higher continuity approximation schemes such as the B‐spline and non‐uniform rational basis spline version of the finite cell method or isogeometric analysis on trimmed geometries. Furthermore, we illustrate a significant improvement of the flexibility and applicability of this extension in the modeling process of complex 3D geometries. With several benchmark problems, we demonstrate the overall good convergence behavior of the proposed method and its good accuracy. We provide extensive studies on the stability of the method, its influence parameters and numerical properties, and a rearrangement of the numerical integration concept that in many cases reduces the numerical effort by a factor two. A newly composed boundary integration concept further enhances the modeling process and allows a flexible, discretization‐independent introduction of boundary conditions. Finally, we present our strategy in the framework of the modeling and isogeometric analysis process of trimmed non‐uniform rational basis spline geometries. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An XFEM frame for plate elements in yield line analyses
Authors: Xu Jin , Lee C.K. , Tan K.H.
Published: July 2013

A high gradient zone (HGZ) comes into existence in both rotation and deflection displacement fields in the vicinity of a yield line in a plate structure with elastoplastic material. This HGZ makes the displacements non‐smooth locally around the yield line. The Extended Finite Element Method (XFEM) has been proved to be an effective numerical method to capture the behavior of a structure with a locally non‐smooth displacement field. In this article, a six‐node triangular and a nine‐node quadrilateral Mindlin–Reissner plate element with the XFEM formulation are presented to trace the elastoplastic behavior of a plate in small‐deformation analyses. Regularized enrichments are employed to enrich the rotation and the deflection displacement approximation fields simultaneously so that the non‐smoothness in a displacement field near a yield line can be captured. The discrete shear gap method is adopted to alleviate shear locking phenomena in the present XFEM plate element. Several plate bending examples are simulated to show the robustness of the enrichment to capture the HGZ resulted from yield lines and the effectiveness of the application of discrete shear gap method in controlling the shear locking in the XFEM plate element. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficiency of high‐order elements for continuous and discontinuous Galerkin methods
Authors: Huerta Antonio , Angeloski Aleksandar , Roca Xevi , Peraire Jaime
Published: July 2013

To evaluate the computational performance of high‐order elements, a comparison based on operation count is proposed instead of runtime comparisons. More specifically, linear versus high‐order approximations are analyzed for implicit solver under a standard set of hypotheses for the mesh and the solution. Continuous and discontinuous Galerkin methods are considered in two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional domains for simplices and parallelotopes. Moreover, both element‐wise and global operations arising from different Galerkin approaches are studied. The operation count estimates show, that for implicit solvers, high‐order methods are more efficient than linear ones. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.