bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Please, Go Ahead! Fostering Prosocial Driving with Sympathy-Eliciting Automated Vehicle External Displays
Authors: Sahin Ippoliti Hatice , Trilck Nina , Koelle Marion , Boll Susanne
Published: September 2023

Road traffic is strongly regulated, however informal communication is essential whenever formal rules are flexibly treated. Consequently, conflict-avoidant automated vehicles (AVs) can be disadvantaged when humans do not behave prosocially towards them. This can lead to disruptions of mixed traffic, where human and automated driving co-exists. Equipping AVs with sympathy-eliciting external Human-Machine Interfaces (eHMI) mimicking informal communication cues could mitigate this challenge by fostering the prosocial behavior of drivers. This work contributes video vignettes that are experimentally validated in an online survey (N=90). While we found participants to not behave differently towards human-controlled and baseline automated vehicles, eHMIs were potent in eliciting sympathy and encouraged yielding behavior. This effect was more pronounced when the interface signaled an urgent situation or indicated prolonged waiting times. Non-yielding behavior was rationalized based on priority rules. These results emphasize how fostering prosocial behavior in traffic can be achieved via sympathy-eliciting external displays.
GraphScale: Scalable Processing on FPGAs for HBM and Large Graphs
Authors: Dann Jonas , Ritter Daniel , Fröning Holger
Published: September 2023

Recent advances in graph processing on FPGAs promise to alleviate performance bottlenecks with irregular memory access patterns. Such bottlenecks challenge performance for a growing number of important application areas like machine learning and data analytics. While FPGAs denote a promising solution through flexible memory hierarchies and massive parallelism, we argue that current graph processing accelerators either use the off-chip memory bandwidth inefficiently or do not scale well across memory channels.

In this work, we propose GraphScale, a scalable graph processing framework for FPGAs. GraphScale combines multi-channel memory with asynchronous graph processing (i.e., for fast convergence on results) and a compressed graph representation (i.e., for efficient usage of memory bandwidth and reduced memory footprint). GraphScale solves common graph problems like breadth-first search, PageRank, and weakly connected components through modular user-defined functions, a novel two-dimensional partitioning scheme, and a high-performance two-level crossbar design. Additionally, we extend GraphScale to scale to modern high-bandwidth memory (HBM) and reduce partitioning overhead of large graphs with binary packing.
Characterizing Swiss Alpine Lakes: from Wikipedia to Citizen Science
Authors: Lin Yuanhui , Gatica-Perez Daniel
Published: September 2023

Within the scope of a citizen science project that aims at understanding the ecological impact of climate change on bacteria communities in Swiss alpine lakes, we designed and implemented an interactive information platform using data collected from Wikipedia, project-specific data, and other sources. By presenting information about Swiss alpine lakes in an interactive way, the goal of the platform is to raise awareness among the public about the state of Swiss alpine lakes, and ultimately to contribute to the conservation of these ecosystems by engaging citizens. Volunteers were invited to use and assess the platform, by answering questions about alpine lake facts and platform usability. The results show that users can accurately extract factual information from the platform. User feedback was also used to improve the platform functionalities. Finally, an online crowdsourcing activity for lake polygon drawing was conducted to enrich the Swiss alpine lake database with this information. The results show that users can implement this task with high quality.
Goosewolf: An Embedded Intrusion Detection System for Advanced Programmable Logic Controllers
Authors: Allison David , McLaughlin Kieran , Smith Paul
Published: September 2023

Critical infrastructures are making increasing use of digital technology for process control. While there are benefits, such as increased efficiency and new functionality, digitalization also introduces the risk of cyber-attacks to systems that support critical functions. A valuable target in these Industrial Control Systems (ICSs) are the Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) controlling the machinery that manages a physical process. PLCs have proven to be vulnerable to a range of cyber-attacks in the past; however, newer technologies such as embedded servers and virtualization have the potential to improve this situation and be used to monitor a PLC’s function. In this article, the implementation of a Host-based Intrusion Detection System (HIDS) for a modern PLC is described. This method uniquely makes use of native technologies on the PLC to monitor a dynamic simulated process in real time. Both the PLC’s integrity (checksum, file size, etc.) and the process control are monitored to determine whether the PLC has been compromised in a cyber-attack. The proposed solution detects a range of attacks, even when the PLC’s control logic is compromised and—unlike previous PLC HIDS methods—requires no modification of the underlying PLC technology.
Transfer Learning-Based Neural Machine Translation for Low-Resource Languages
Authors: Dong Jun
Published: September 2023

College of Liberal Arts, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China

Chinese Lexicography Research Center, Yantai 264025, China

Neural Machine Translation (NMT) improves readability by augmenting sentence suggestions based on the precise likelihood of the words. The word suggestions are trained using learning paradigms through repeated translations, word searches, and user inputs. However, the challenging process is the implication of NMT for low-resource language wherein the chances of false suggestions/ word substitutions are high. So, this article proposes a Likelihood-based Machine Translation Model (LMTM) for low-resource languages. The model uses word frequency and potential substitutions from less-known sentences to identify sentences with high precision. This is achieved through a combination of recurrence and substitutions using transfer learning. The identified high-likelihood words are used for sentence augmentation, and the entire set of words from the generated sentence updates the learning paradigm. The model suggests the highest likelihood words for NMT, preventing sentence falsification and ensuring accurate translations. The proposed model increases likelihood by 9.15%, correctness by 7.46%, and substitutions by 7.7%, respectively. It reduces falsification and time complexity by 9.33% and 8.52%, respectively. Overall, the LMTM improves translation quality for low-resource languages.
Hindi Text Summarization Using Sequence to Sequence Neural Network
Authors: Kumari Namrata , Singh Pardeep
Published: September 2023

Text summarizing reduces a large block of text data to a precise, short, and intelligible text that conveys the whole meaning of the actual text in a few words while maintaining the original context. Due to a lack of relevant summaries, it is hard to understand the main idea of the document. Text summarization using the abstractive technique is well-studied in English, although it is still in its infancy in Indian regional languages. In this study, we investigate the effectiveness of using a sequence-to-sequence (Seq2Seq) neural network based on attention and its optimization for text summarization for the Hindi language (HiATS), explicitly comparing the Adam and RMSprop optimizers. Our method allows the model to take the Hindi language dataset and, as output, provides a concise summary that accurately reflects the gist of the original text. The performance of the models will be evaluated using Rouge-1 and Rouge-2 metrics.
Approximation Method for a Non-preemptive Multiserver Queue with Quasi-Poisson Arrivals
Authors: Brandwajn Alexandre , Begin Thomas
Published: September 2023

We consider a non-preemptive multiserver queue with multiple priority classes. We assume distinct exponentially distributed service times and separate quasi-Poisson arrival processes with a predefined maximum number of requests that can be present in the system for each class. We present an approximation method to obtain the steady-state probabilities for the number of requests of each class in our system. In our method, the priority levels (classes) are solved “nearly separately,” linked only by certain conditional probabilities determined approximately from the solution of other priority levels. Several numerical examples illustrate the accuracy of our approximate solution. The proposed approach significantly reduces the complexity of the problem while featuring generally good accuracy.
Constraint-Aware Multi-Technique Approximate High-Level Synthesis for FPGAs
Authors: Leipnitz Marcos T. , Nazar Gabriel L.
Published: September 2023

Numerous approximate computing (AC) techniques have been developed to reduce the design costs in error-resilient application domains, such as signal and multimedia processing, data mining, machine learning, and computer vision, to trade-off computation accuracy with area and power savings or performance improvements. Selecting adequate techniques for each application and optimization target is complex but crucial for high-quality results. In this context, Approximate High-Level Synthesis (AHLS) tools have been proposed to alleviate the burden of hand-crafting approximate circuits by automating the exploitation of AC techniques. However, such tools are typically tied to a specific approximation technique or a difficult-to-extend set of techniques whose exploitation is not fully automated or steered by optimization targets. Therefore, available AHLS tools overlook the benefits of expanding the design space by mixing diverse approximation techniques toward meeting specific design objectives with minimum error. In this work, we propose an AHLS design methodology for FPGAs that automatically identifies efficient combinations of multiple approximation techniques for different applications and design constraints. Compared to single-technique approaches, decreases of up to 30% in mean squared error and absolute increases of up to 6.5% in percentage accuracy were obtained for a set of image, video, signal processing and machine learning benchmarks.
The Economics of Tropical Deforestation
Authors: Balboni Clare , Berman Aaron , Burgess Robin , Olken Benjamin A.
Published: September 2023

Two factors have elevated recent academic and policy interest in tropical deforestation: first, the realization that it is a major contributor to climate change; and second, a revolution in satellite-based measurement that has revealed that it is proceeding at a rapid rate. We begin by reviewing the methodological advances that have enabled measurement of forest loss at a fine spatial resolution across the globe. We then develop a simple benchmark model of deforestation based on classic models of natural resource extraction. Extending this approach to incorporate features that characterize deforestation in developing countries—pressure for land use change, significant local and global externalities, weak property rights, and political economy constraints—provides us with a framework for reviewing the fast-growing empirical literature on the economics of deforestation in the tropics. This combination of theory and empirics provides insights not only into the economic drivers and impacts of tropical deforestation but also into policies that may affect its progression. We conclude by identifying areas where more work is needed in this important body of research.
Cognitive Limitations: Failures of Contingent Thinking
Authors: Niederle Muriel , Vespa Emanuel
Published: September 2023

In recent years, experiments have documented a new mechanism that leads to failures of profit maximization: the failure of contingent thinking (FCT). This article summarizes key experimental findings, clarifies what constitutes an FCT, and outlines how FCTs can be tested in other environments. Subsequently, we relate FCTs to recent theoretical work on cognitive limitations in behavioral economics. Finally, we connect FCTs to suboptimal behavior documented in applied environments.
Studying The Impact of Electrolyte, Li Excess, NMC Blending, and Cycling Conditions on The Lifetime and Degradation of LMO/AG Cells Using UHPC Cycling, XRF, and Isothermal Microcalorimetry
Authors: Eldesoky A. , Kowalski N. , Ni Haoqi , Logan E. R. , Zsoldos E. , Dutta A. , Zhang N. , Dahn J. R.
Published: September 2023

The impact of electrolyte, Li excess, NMC blending, and cycling conditions on the performance of Li1+xMn2-xO4 (LMO)/Artificial Graphite (AG) cells was studied using ultra-high precision coulometry (UHPC), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC). Decreasing the Li excess resulted in severe capacity fade which was greatly improved by blending LMO with NMC622. The known synergy between NMC and LMO is electrolyte-dependant and was more significant at elevated temperatures. We showed with XRF that Mn deposition on the negative electrode occurs primarily during the early cycles and is reduced by increasing the Li excess in LMO or by blending with NMC622. IMC experiments demonstrates a correlation between parasitic heat flow and Mn loading on the negative electrode and gas generation. Finally, LiFSI co-salts were examined to suppress Al corrosion while retaining the beneficial role of LiFSI in improving cell performance.
An Enduring Na-Ion Solar Battery Configured with Na2Co0.5Ni0.5Fe(CN)6 Positive and NaTi2(PO4)3 Negative Electrodes in Na2SO4-SiO2 Hydrogel Electrolyte
Authors: Naskar Pappu , Mondal Shubhrajyoti , Biswas Biplab , Laha Sourav , Banerjee Anjan
Published: September 2023

A successful solar energy storage is accomplished in a 5 V/5 mAh rated Na-ion battery, which is customized by series connection of three 1.8 V unit cells. The unit cell is constructed with open framework structured Na2Co0.5Ni0.5Fe(CN)6 positive and Natrium Super Ionic CONductor (NaSICON) type NaTi2(PO4)3 negative electrodes in 1 M Na2SO4-SiO2 hydrogel electrolyte. Both positive and negative active materials demonstrate Faradaic charge storage mechanism with appreciable diffusion coefficients, such as 5.17 × 10−15 and 1.13

×

10−15, respectively. The Na2Co0.5Ni0.5Fe(CN)6//NaTi2(PO4)3 full cell depicts a specific capacity of 48 mAh g−1 (@ 100 mA g−1), an energy density of 95.68 Wh kg−1 (@ 259.96 W kg−1) and a power density of 779.75 W kg−1 (@ 54.36 Wh kg−1). The cell also exhibits an excellent durability, i.e., 93% capacity retention with 99% Columbic efficiency at 200 mA g−1 upon 1000 cycles. However, the 5 V battery is performance tested under solar-charging cum constant-load-discharging experiment for one-month, and the device describes 85% capacity retention over the period. The good power capability and cycle life with moderate energy density make this battery chemistry suitable for solar energy storage applications.
Multisensory cues for walking in virtual reality: humans combine conflicting visual and self-motion information to reproduce distances
Authors: Kopiske Karl , Heinrich Elisa-Maria , Jahn Georg , Bendixen Alexandra , Einhäuser Wolfgang
Published: September 2023

Combining virtual reality with treadmill walking, we measured the relative importance of visual cues and nonvisual self-motion cues for distance reproduction. Participants used both cues but put more weight on self-motion; weight on visual cues had a trend to correlate with looking at visually informative areas. Participants overshot distances, especially when self-motion was slow; they adjusted steps to self-motion cues but not to visual cues. Our work thus quantifies the multimodal contributions to distance reproduction.
Examining Predictors of Intention to Leave in Home Care and Differences among Types of Providers
Authors: Hallaran Amy J. , Jessup Sarah Jane
Published: September 2023

The retention and recruitment of care providers are ongoing concerns in healthcare globally. Examining intention to leave (ITL) as a measure of retention, the existing literature has focused on nurses working in hospitals, with less attention paid to other care providers and other areas of practice. The purpose of this study was to gain a better understanding of the unique factors influencing ITL among three categories of care providers in home care: registered practical nurses, registered nurses, and personal support workers. This study assessed and compared predictors of ITL, including organizational commitment, job satisfaction, perceived supervisor support, burnout, role stress, work/family conflict, and community satisfaction. A convenience sample of home care staff working in one agency in a Canadian province was sent an electronic survey by e-mail in 2021. Responses (n = 185) underwent data analysis including descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, and multiple linear regression, as well as thematic analysis of two open-ended items. The results of the study indicated that 54% (n = 99) of respondents were considering leaving their job, and respondents were dissatisfied with their salary and benefits. Role stress, work-family conflict, and burnout differed significantly between groups. Several themes emerged for strategies to promote employees to stay with the agency, with the overwhelming strategy being higher wages/salary. Themes for why employees stayed with the agency included love for clients and commitment to their care, as well as fondness for the teams within which respondents worked. The findings of the study lead to several important implications and recommendations for the home care sector. Advocating for wage parity among healthcare sectors and other opportunities for compensation for home care workers is necessary. Additional strategies include supportive and innovative approaches for scheduling, teamwork, and working with staff to identify barriers and solutions in home care.
Performance Evaluation and Parametric Optimization of Coal-Fired Water Tube Boiler Using the Grey-Taguchi Method
Authors: Talib Irsa , Yasin Muzammil , Hussain Jawad , Uwamahoro Raphael
Published: September 2023

Industries, district heating companies, and public institutions that use boilers for heating, processing, or power production find it challenging to run at peak efficiencies due to rising fuel prices. Insufficient heat energy production and distribution through boilers contribute to an overall increase in energy expenditure. The performance of a boiler is affected by various controlling parameters, including specific fuel consumption capacity, load, and heat losses. The current study was conducted to evaluate the performance of the coal-fired water tube boiler at D.G. Khan Cement Company Limited, Pakistan. The experimental results were validated with artificial neural network- (ANN-) based predictions, which were observed to have an error of 14% in the regression plot. In this study, the performance parameters of the boiler, including steam temperature (ST), steam pressure (SP), and specific steam flow rate (SSFR), were optimized against fuel consumption (FC) and load using the Grey-Taguchi method. The best-performing parameters, with the best criteria, were observed at an overall grey relational grade (OGRG) of 0.891 and a load of 66%. The findings indicated that the overall performance of the boiler was optimized with an FC of 3.09 kg/s, a load of 66%, ST of 532°C, SP of 9.93 MPa, and SSFR of 21.38 kg/s.
Identification and Expression Analysis of IL-10 Family in Spotted Sea Bass (Lateolabrax maculatus)
Authors: Chen Yuxi , Gao Qian , Qi Zhitao , Xu Chong , Pan Tingshuang , Liu Dong , Liu Qigen
Published: September 2023

Interleukin (IL)-10 family members play important roles in regulating the immune responses during host defense. In the present study, four IL-10 family members (IL-10, IL-20L, IL-22, and IL-26) were identified from spotted sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus) and their expression patterns were investigated following Edwardsiella tarda and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. The four ILs of spotted sea bass shared conserved features of IL-10 family and were well clustered with the IL-10 family of fish, respectively. The expressions of these four ILs in normal tissues were different, but all were highly expressed in gills, indicating their roles in mucosal immunity. After E. tarda and LPS challenge, the four ILs were upregulated in several immune-related tissues (gills, head kidney, intestine, and spleen). These results indicated that these four ILs involved in the antibacterial immune responses of spotted sea bass, providing basis for understanding the function and networks of IL-10 family members in fish.
Effects of Physical Health Status, Social Support, and Depression on Quality of Life in the Korean Community-Dwelling Elderly
Authors: Chang Koung-Oh
Published: September 2023

Background. This study was conducted to determine the effects of physical health status, social support, and depression on the quality of life in the elderly aged 65 and over who visit the senior employment center in G city, Republic of Korea. Methods. This study is a descriptive research targeting 466 elderly people aged 65 and over who lived in G city in Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea. Results. The subjects had one or more chronic diseases and slightly higher than normal depression, but had a slightly higher quality of life. A lower level of education, a higher number of chronic diseases, and a lower value of social networks was associated with lower quality of life. A higher subjective health status, a higher value of emotional network and a lower level of depression was associated with a higher quality of life. The explanatory power of this model for the quality of life was 31.3%. Conclusions. In order to improve the quality of life in the elderly, it is necessary to manage chronic diseases in old age, to increase the frequency of contact with family, relatives, and friends, to reduce negative emotions and depression and to enhance social support through various social activities. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a program and intervention strategies for individual and customized health care suitable for the characteristics of the elderly in the local community.
The Effect of Pomegranate-Black Carrot Juice on Serum and Erythrocytes of Sedentary Subjects Exposed to Exhausting Exercise
Authors: Aytac Kursat Yusuf , Ozkaya Ahmet , Oztekin Aykut , Cinar Vedat , Akbulut Taner , Demirdag Ramazan , Comaklı Veysel , Bozbay Kenan
Published: September 2023

Background. In this study, the effects of pomegranate-black carrot juice mixture on serum and erythrocytes of sedentary individuals who had exhaustion test were investigated. Methods. A total of 20 men voluntarily participated in the study. Blood samples were obtained from participants on three conditions. First, before the study, blood samples of participants were collected (baseline). Second, the same participants performed in the 20-meter shuttle run test for 1 week each day and were subjected to oxidative stress. Lastly, the same participants were given a mixture of pomegranate-black carrot juices (100 ml/100 ml) for a week, 45 minutes prior to the 20-meter shuttle run test, and the stress + supplement was performed. Blood samples were taken at the end of each process. Results. In the erythrocytes, while the oxidative stress condition malondialdehyde (MDA) level and carbonic anhydrase (CA) enzyme activity levels increased compared to the baseline, reduced glutathione (GSH) level, glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzyme activity levels decreased. In stress + supplement conditions, while GSH and GR levels increased according to oxidative stress conditions, CA and MDA levels decreased. While the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level of the oxidative stress condition increased compared to the baseline, the LDH level of the stress + supplement decreased compared to the oxidative stress condition. Conclusions. Our results showed that the level of oxidative stress in subjects exposed to the exhaustion test decreased with the mixture of pomegranate-black carrot juices.
Supplementary Data from Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Supports Ovarian Carcinosarcoma Tumorigenesis and Confers Sensitivity to Microtubule Targeting with Eribulin
Authors: Ho Gwo Yaw , Kyran Elizabeth L. , Bedo Justin , Wakefield Matthew J. , Ennis Darren P. , Mirza Hasan B. , Vandenberg Cassandra J. , Lieschke Elizabeth , Farrell Andrew , Hadla Anthony , Lim Ratana , Dall Genevieve , Vince James E. , Chua Ngee Kiat , Kondrashova Olga , Upstill-Goddard Rosanna , Bailey Ulla-Maja , Dowson Suzanne , Roxburgh Patricia , Glasspool Rosalind M. , Bryson Gareth , Biankin Andrew V. , Cooke Susanna L. , Ratnayake Gayanie , McNally Orla , Traficante Nadia , DeFazio Anna , Weroha S. John , Bowtell David D. , McNeish Iain A. , Papenfuss Anthony T. , Scott Clare L. , Barker Holly E.
Published: September 2023

Supplementary methods and figures
Supplementary Data from Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Supports Ovarian Carcinosarcoma Tumorigenesis and Confers Sensitivity to Microtubule Targeting with Eribulin
Authors: Ho Gwo Yaw , Kyran Elizabeth L. , Bedo Justin , Wakefield Matthew J. , Ennis Darren P. , Mirza Hasan B. , Vandenberg Cassandra J. , Lieschke Elizabeth , Farrell Andrew , Hadla Anthony , Lim Ratana , Dall Genevieve , Vince James E. , Chua Ngee Kiat , Kondrashova Olga , Upstill-Goddard Rosanna , Bailey Ulla-Maja , Dowson Suzanne , Roxburgh Patricia , Glasspool Rosalind M. , Bryson Gareth , Biankin Andrew V. , Cooke Susanna L. , Ratnayake Gayanie , McNally Orla , Traficante Nadia , DeFazio Anna , Weroha S. John , Bowtell David D. , McNeish Iain A. , Papenfuss Anthony T. , Scott Clare L. , Barker Holly E.
Published: September 2023

Supplementary tables
Data from Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Supports Ovarian Carcinosarcoma Tumorigenesis and Confers Sensitivity to Microtubule Targeting with Eribulin
Authors: Ho Gwo Yaw , Kyran Elizabeth L. , Bedo Justin , Wakefield Matthew J. , Ennis Darren P. , Mirza Hasan B. , Vandenberg Cassandra J. , Lieschke Elizabeth , Farrell Andrew , Hadla Anthony , Lim Ratana , Dall Genevieve , Vince James E. , Chua Ngee Kiat , Kondrashova Olga , Upstill-Goddard Rosanna , Bailey Ulla-Maja , Dowson Suzanne , Roxburgh Patricia , Glasspool Rosalind M. , Bryson Gareth , Biankin Andrew V. , Cooke Susanna L. , Ratnayake Gayanie , McNally Orla , Traficante Nadia , DeFazio Anna , Weroha S. John , Bowtell David D. , McNeish Iain A. , Papenfuss Anthony T. , Scott Clare L. , Barker Holly E.
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Ovarian carcinosarcoma (OCS) is an aggressive and rare tumor type with limited treatment options. OCS is hypothesized to develop via the combination theory, with a single progenitor resulting in carcinomatous and sarcomatous components, or alternatively via the conversion theory, with the sarcomatous component developing from the carcinomatous component through epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In this study, we analyzed DNA variants from isolated carcinoma and sarcoma components to show that OCS from 18 women is monoclonal. RNA sequencing indicated that the carcinoma components were more mesenchymal when compared with pure epithelial ovarian carcinomas, supporting the conversion theory and suggesting that EMT is important in the formation of these tumors. Preclinical OCS models were used to test the efficacy of microtubule-targeting drugs, including eribulin, which has previously been shown to reverse EMT characteristics in breast cancers and induce differentiation in sarcomas. Vinorelbine and eribulin more effectively inhibited OCS growth than standard-of-care platinum-based chemotherapy, and treatment with eribulin reduced mesenchymal characteristics and N-MYC expression in OCS patient-derived xenografts. Eribulin treatment resulted in an accumulation of intracellular cholesterol in OCS cells, which triggered a downregulation of the mevalonate pathway and prevented further cholesterol biosynthesis. Finally, eribulin increased expression of genes related to immune activation and increased the intratumoral accumulation of CD8+ T cells, supporting exploration of immunotherapy combinations in the clinic. Together, these data indicate that EMT plays a key role in OCS tumorigenesis and support the conversion theory for OCS histogenesis. Targeting EMT using eribulin could help improve OCS patient outcomes.
Significance:
Genomic analyses and preclinical models of ovarian carcinosarcoma support the conversion theory for disease development and indicate that microtubule inhibitors could be used to suppress EMT and stimulate antitumor immunity.
Table S2 from Serum Free Fatty Acid Changes Caused by High Expression of Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1 in Tumor Tissues Are Early Diagnostic Markers for Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Katoh Kanoko , Katoh Yuki , Kubo Akiko , Iida Miho , Ikeda Yuji , Iwata Takashi , Nishio Hiroshi , Sugawara Masaki , Kato Daiki , Suematsu Makoto , Hirai Shuichi , Kawana Kei
Published: September 2023

Supplemental table S2. Characteristics of DI (FA18:1, FA20:0) and DI (CA125) in the discovery set and validation set. Threshold was set by calculating Youden’s index by ROC analysis using the discovery set. DI (FA18:1, FA20:0): -0.7531, DI (CA125): -0.018.
Table S1 from Serum Free Fatty Acid Changes Caused by High Expression of Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1 in Tumor Tissues Are Early Diagnostic Markers for Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Katoh Kanoko , Katoh Yuki , Kubo Akiko , Iida Miho , Ikeda Yuji , Iwata Takashi , Nishio Hiroshi , Sugawara Masaki , Kato Daiki , Suematsu Makoto , Hirai Shuichi , Kawana Kei
Published: September 2023

Supplemental table S1. Characteristics of participants in the discovery set and the validation set.
TABLE 2 from Serum Free Fatty Acid Changes Caused by High Expression of Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1 in Tumor Tissues Are Early Diagnostic Markers for Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Katoh Kanoko , Katoh Yuki , Kubo Akiko , Iida Miho , Ikeda Yuji , Iwata Takashi , Nishio Hiroshi , Sugawara Masaki , Kato Daiki , Suematsu Makoto , Hirai Shuichi , Kawana Kei
Published: September 2023

GC-MS analyses of serum FFA
TABLE 1 from Serum Free Fatty Acid Changes Caused by High Expression of Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1 in Tumor Tissues Are Early Diagnostic Markers for Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Katoh Kanoko , Katoh Yuki , Kubo Akiko , Iida Miho , Ikeda Yuji , Iwata Takashi , Nishio Hiroshi , Sugawara Masaki , Kato Daiki , Suematsu Makoto , Hirai Shuichi , Kawana Kei
Published: September 2023

Characteristics of patients from whom serum samples were obtained
Figure S6 from Serum Free Fatty Acid Changes Caused by High Expression of Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1 in Tumor Tissues Are Early Diagnostic Markers for Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Katoh Kanoko , Katoh Yuki , Kubo Akiko , Iida Miho , Ikeda Yuji , Iwata Takashi , Nishio Hiroshi , Sugawara Masaki , Kato Daiki , Suematsu Makoto , Hirai Shuichi , Kawana Kei
Published: September 2023

Supplemental figure S6. Effect of short-term diet on serum free fatty acid levels. Serum was collected from healthy donors (n=7) pre and 2 hours post diet, and free fatty acids were measured. Gray lines represent individual values and black lines represent average values. n.s., not significant.
Figure S5 from Serum Free Fatty Acid Changes Caused by High Expression of Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1 in Tumor Tissues Are Early Diagnostic Markers for Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Katoh Kanoko , Katoh Yuki , Kubo Akiko , Iida Miho , Ikeda Yuji , Iwata Takashi , Nishio Hiroshi , Sugawara Masaki , Kato Daiki , Suematsu Makoto , Hirai Shuichi , Kawana Kei
Published: September 2023

Supplemental figure S5. Correlation between serum free fatty acid levels and BMI in patients with early-stage ovarian cancer. Analysis of the correlation between serum free fatty acid levels and BMI with the ability to diagnose stage I and II ovarian cancer patients, shown in Figure 5A and B.
Figure S4 from Serum Free Fatty Acid Changes Caused by High Expression of Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1 in Tumor Tissues Are Early Diagnostic Markers for Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Katoh Kanoko , Katoh Yuki , Kubo Akiko , Iida Miho , Ikeda Yuji , Iwata Takashi , Nishio Hiroshi , Sugawara Masaki , Kato Daiki , Suematsu Makoto , Hirai Shuichi , Kawana Kei
Published: September 2023

Supplemental figure S4. Serum free fatty acid levels in stage I and II ovarian cancer patients among histologic types, related to Figure 5. Comparison of serum free fatty acid levels in patients with stage I/II ovarian cancer patients of various histologic types (clear cell (n=10), serous (n=7), endometrioid (n=3), mucinous (n=6), others (n=4)). n.s., not significant.
Figure S3 from Serum Free Fatty Acid Changes Caused by High Expression of Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1 in Tumor Tissues Are Early Diagnostic Markers for Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Katoh Kanoko , Katoh Yuki , Kubo Akiko , Iida Miho , Ikeda Yuji , Iwata Takashi , Nishio Hiroshi , Sugawara Masaki , Kato Daiki , Suematsu Makoto , Hirai Shuichi , Kawana Kei
Published: September 2023

Supplemental figure S3. Diagnostic potential of levels of 11 free fatty acids in patients with all stages of ovarian cancer. ROC analysis of serum free fatty acids with increased (A) and decreased (B) values in patients with all stages of ovarian cancer compared with healthy controls.
Figure S2 from Serum Free Fatty Acid Changes Caused by High Expression of Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1 in Tumor Tissues Are Early Diagnostic Markers for Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Katoh Kanoko , Katoh Yuki , Kubo Akiko , Iida Miho , Ikeda Yuji , Iwata Takashi , Nishio Hiroshi , Sugawara Masaki , Kato Daiki , Suematsu Makoto , Hirai Shuichi , Kawana Kei
Published: September 2023

Supplemental figure S2. Expression of fatty acid metabolizing enzymes in ovarian cancer tissue among histologic types, related to Figure 1. Comparison of gene expression of 11 fatty acid metabolizing enzymes in cancer tissues among serous (n=8), clear cell (n=14) and endometrioid + mucinous + others (E+M+O) (n=10). n.s., not significant.
Figure S1 from Serum Free Fatty Acid Changes Caused by High Expression of Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1 in Tumor Tissues Are Early Diagnostic Markers for Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Katoh Kanoko , Katoh Yuki , Kubo Akiko , Iida Miho , Ikeda Yuji , Iwata Takashi , Nishio Hiroshi , Sugawara Masaki , Kato Daiki , Suematsu Makoto , Hirai Shuichi , Kawana Kei
Published: September 2023

Supplemental figure S1. Expression of fatty acid metabolizing enzymes in ovarian cancer tissue among clinical stages, related to Figure 1. Comparison of gene expression of 11 fatty acid metabolizing enzymes in cancer tissues among stage I (n=17), II (n=6), and III (n=9). n.s., not significant.
FIGURE 5 from Serum Free Fatty Acid Changes Caused by High Expression of Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1 in Tumor Tissues Are Early Diagnostic Markers for Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Katoh Kanoko , Katoh Yuki , Kubo Akiko , Iida Miho , Ikeda Yuji , Iwata Takashi , Nishio Hiroshi , Sugawara Masaki , Kato Daiki , Suematsu Makoto , Hirai Shuichi , Kawana Kei
Published: September 2023

Serum FFA levels are useful as early diagnostic markers for ovarian cancer. A, Comparison of serum FFA levels in healthy donors (HD; n = 30) and patients with stage I/II (n = 30) and stage III/IV (n = 11) ovarian cancer. B, ROC curves for detecting patients with early-stage ovarian cancer using serum FFAs from A. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; ****, P < 0.0001.
FIGURE 4 from Serum Free Fatty Acid Changes Caused by High Expression of Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1 in Tumor Tissues Are Early Diagnostic Markers for Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Katoh Kanoko , Katoh Yuki , Kubo Akiko , Iida Miho , Ikeda Yuji , Iwata Takashi , Nishio Hiroshi , Sugawara Masaki , Kato Daiki , Suematsu Makoto , Hirai Shuichi , Kawana Kei
Published: September 2023

Relationship between SCD1 expression in tumor tissue and serum FFA levels in a tumor-bearing mouse model. Vector control OVCAR-3 (OVCAR-3 mock) or SCD1 overexpressing OVCAR-3 cells (OVCAR-3 SCD1 O.E.) were transplanted into nude mice. A, OVCAR-3 mock and OVCAR-3 SCD1 O.E. tumors were stained with anti-SCD1 mAb and analyzed using flow cytometry. B, Tumor growth curves (mean ± SD; n = 5). C, Serum levels of palmitoleic (FA16:1), oleic (FA18:1), and arachidic (FA 20:0) acids on day 20 after tumor cell transplantation (mean ± SD; n = 5). *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; n.s., not significant.
FIGURE 2 from Serum Free Fatty Acid Changes Caused by High Expression of Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1 in Tumor Tissues Are Early Diagnostic Markers for Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Katoh Kanoko , Katoh Yuki , Kubo Akiko , Iida Miho , Ikeda Yuji , Iwata Takashi , Nishio Hiroshi , Sugawara Masaki , Kato Daiki , Suematsu Makoto , Hirai Shuichi , Kawana Kei
Published: September 2023

Serum FFA levels in patients with ovarian cancer and healthy donors. The levels of 18 FFAs (shown in Table 2) were measured by GC-MS in the serum of healthy donors (n = 30) and patients with stage I to IV ovarian cancer (n = 41). A, Heat map of average values for serum levels of FFAs. Comparison of serum FFA levels and map of n-7 and n-9 (B) and map of n-3 and n-6 (C) fatty acid metabolic pathways. The color of the arrows in the metabolic map indicates the higher or lower expression of mRNA encoding lipid-metabolizing enzymes in ovarian cancer tissue compared with that in normal tissue. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; ****, P < 0.0001; n.s., not significant; HD, healthy donor; OV, ovarian carcinoma patient.
FIGURE 1 from Serum Free Fatty Acid Changes Caused by High Expression of Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1 in Tumor Tissues Are Early Diagnostic Markers for Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Katoh Kanoko , Katoh Yuki , Kubo Akiko , Iida Miho , Ikeda Yuji , Iwata Takashi , Nishio Hiroshi , Sugawara Masaki , Kato Daiki , Suematsu Makoto , Hirai Shuichi , Kawana Kei
Published: September 2023

Gene expression of fatty acid metabolizing enzymes in ovarian tumor tissue and normal ovarian tissue. Gene expression of fatty acid metabolizing enzymes (ACC1, FASN, SCD1, FADS1, FADS2, and ELOVL1–6) in normal ovarian tissues (n = 9) and ovarian (OV) tumor tissues (n = 32) were measured by qRT-PCR. A, Heat map of the expression of 11 fatty acid metabolizing enzymes in each sample. B, Principal component analysis of the expression patterns of fatty acid metabolizing enzymes. C–E, Comparison of the expression levels of fatty acid metabolizing enzymes. Enzymes with higher expression in ovarian tumor tissue (C), enzymes with lower expression in ovarian tumor tissue (D), and enzymes with unchanged expression are shown (E). *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; ****, P < 0.0001; n.s., not significant.
Targeting MALAT1 Augments Sensitivity to PARP Inhibition by Impairing Homologous Recombination in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Yadav Anjali , Biswas Tanay , Praveen Ayush , Ganguly Promit , Bhattacharyya Ankita , Verma Ayushi , Datta Dipak , Ateeq Bushra
Published: September 2023

PARP inhibitors (PARPi) have emerged as a promising targeted therapeutic intervention for metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). However, the clinical utility of PARPi is limited to a subset of patients who harbor aberrations in the genes associated with the homologous recombination (HR) pathway. Here, we report that targeting metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1), an oncogenic long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), contrives a BRCAness-like phenotype, and augments sensitivity to PARPi. Mechanistically, we show that MALAT1 silencing reprograms the homologous recombination (HR) transcriptome and makes prostate cancer cells more vulnerable to PARPi. Particularly, coinhibition of MALAT1 and PARP1 exhibits a decline in clonogenic survival, delays resolution of γH2AX foci, and reduces tumor burden in mice xenograft model. Moreover, we show that miR-421, a tumor suppressor miRNA, negatively regulates the expression of HR genes, while in aggressive prostate cancer cases, miR-421 is sequestered by MALAT1, leading to increased expression of HR genes. Conclusively, our findings suggest that MALAT1 ablation confers sensitivity to PARPi, thus highlighting an alternative therapeutic strategy for patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), irrespective of the alterations in HR genes.

Significance:

PARPi are clinically approved for patients with metastatic CRPC carrying mutations in HR genes, but are ineffective for HR-proficient prostate cancer. Herein, we show that oncogenic lncRNA, MALAT1 is frequently overexpressed in advanced stage prostate cancer and plays a crucial role in maintaining genomic integrity. Importantly, we propose a novel therapeutic strategy that emphasizes MALAT1 inhibition, leading to HR dysfunction in both HR-deficient and -proficient prostate cancer, consequently augmenting their susceptibility to PARPi.
Estrutura narrativa, subjetivação e memória social como expressões da crítica de mídia em Tempos de Paz
Authors: Liesenberg Cíntia , Budag Fernanda Elouise
Published: September 2023

Este artigo analisa Tempos de paz (2009), drama histórico brasileiro dirigido por Daniel Filho e baseado na peça teatral de Bosco Brasil. Partindo da temática da migração e da cidadania cultural, a construção narrativa inter-relaciona diferentes esferas de abordagem que, articuladas entre si, permitem a apreensão de sentidos da obra em torno da memória social, dos processos de sujeição e subjetivação, e do entrelaçamento entre os campos estético e político que a constituem; fazendo-nos, ainda, pensar sobre a substância humana. O desfecho é a escolha por um formato narrativo híbrido (em diálogo com o teatro) que culmina na validação da cena enunciativa maior que o filme busca exaltar: a homenagem a diferentes e grandes imigrantes que contribuíram para diferentes aspectos da cultura, pesquisa e conhecimento do país.
Publicidade de alimentos em canais do YouTube direcionados à criança no Brasil
Authors: Matos Juliana de Paula , Tobias Polyanna Botrel , Baldim Lavínia , Horta Paula Martins
Published: September 2023

OBJETIVO: Analisar a publicidade de alimentos em canais do YouTube direcionados à criança no Brasil e a interação do público com esse tipo de publicidade. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados os 10 vídeos mais populares dos 25 canais do YouTube com conteúdo dirigido ao público infantil mais assistidos no país em 2018. Identificou-se a presença de publicidade geral, de marcas de alimentos e de serviços de alimentação. Quando houve publicidade nos vídeos, os alimentos e suas respectivas marcas foram descritos, sendo os primeiros classificados segundo o sistema NOVA. Nos casos de publicidade de uma marca de alimentos específica, sem que o seu produto tenha sido exibido ou mencionado, a classificação foi realizada segundo a predominância dos produtos dessa empresa. Coletou-se, também, o número de visualizações e de interações (“gostei” e “não gostei”). RESULTADOS: A publicidade geral foi identificada em 45,6% dos vídeos, enquanto a publicidade de alimentos e de serviços de alimentação esteve presente em 12,9% e 1,6% dos vídeos, respectivamente. Os anúncios de alimentos foram representados em sua maioria por produtos ultraprocessados (n = 30; 93,8%). Em vídeos de canais liderados por youtubers mirins, observou-se uma maior frequência de publicidade geral, de alimentos e de serviços de alimentação. Nesses canais, as veiculações de publicidade de alimentos em geral e de alimentos ultraprocessados foram respectivamente 2,79 e 2,53 vezes maior do que nos vídeos de canais não liderados por youtubers mirins. O número de vezes em que os vídeos foram marcados com “gostei” foi maior nos vídeos com publicidade de alimentos (1,67 × 105) em comparação aos vídeos sem publicidade de alimentos (1,02 × 105), p = 0,0272. CONCLUSÃO: O YouTube é um potencial meio de exposição e interação de crianças com a publicidade de alimentos ultraprocessados. Os resultados desta análise reforçam a importância de fazer cumprir a regulamentação de proibição de publicidade infantil nessa plataforma.
Produção de próteses dentárias no SUS em idosos brasileiros e impacto da pandemia covid-19
Authors: Vieira Manuella Fluck , Marques Patrícia Schunck Alferes , Figueiredo Daniela de Rossi , Carcereri Daniela Lemos , Cascaes Andreia Morales
Published: September 2023

OBJETIVO: Descrever as tendências na produção de próteses odontológicas pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) em idosos de 60 anos ou mais no Brasil e nas regiões do país de 2010 a 2019, e o impacto da pandemia de covid-19 na produção esperada para 2020 e 2021. MÉTODOS: Estudo de séries temporais que utilizou dados secundários provenientes do banco de dados do SUS (Datasus–Tabnet), e do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, no período de 2010 a 2021. Calcularam-se as taxas padronizadas por idade para o Brasil e regiões de cada ano analisado. Regressões lineares generalizadas, pelo método de estimação de Prais-Winstein, estimaram as tendências das produções. RESULTADOS: Houve tendência de crescimento na taxa padronizada de produção das próteses totais e das demais próteses para cada 100 mil habitantes, no Brasil e em todas as regiões do país. O aumento na produção de próteses totais foi maior na região Nordeste (50,3%/ano) e menor na região Norte (19,1%/ano). As tendências na produção das demais próteses foram maiores na região Sudeste (120,7%/ano) e menores na região Norte (24,5%/ano). A produção de próteses para ambos os grupos diminuiu nos anos de pandemia. Em 2020, a diferença relativa variou de -36,4% (Norte) até -61,7% (Nordeste) para a produção de próteses totais e de -17,9% (Norte) até -68,4% (Nordeste) para as demais próteses. Em 2021, as taxas padronizadas e a produção absoluta aumentaram quando comparadas ao ano anterior, todavia, em relação aos valores esperados, as diferenças foram próximas às encontradas em 2020. CONCLUSÃO: Políticas voltadas para a produção de próteses totais e das demais próteses vêm tomando forças e crescendo. Todavia, a produção se mantém distante da necessidade da população e não há equidade na oferta dos serviços. A pandemia de covid-19 impactou negativamente na produção de próteses dentárias pelo SUS.
Altered Oral Nitrate Reduction and Bacterial Profiles in Hypertensive Women Predict Blood Pressure Lowering Following Acute Dietary Nitrate Supplementation
Authors: Willmott Thomas , Ormesher Laura , McBain Andrew J. , Humphreys Gavin J. , Myers Jenny E. , Singh Gurdeep , Lundberg Jon O. , Weitzberg Eddie , Nihlen Carina , Cottrell Elizabeth C.
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND:

The efficacy of dietary nitrate supplementation to lower blood pressure (BP) in pregnant women is highly variable. We aimed to investigate whether differences in oral microbiota profiles and oral nitrate-reducing capacity may explain interindividual differences in BP lowering following nitrate supplementation.

METHODS:

Participants recruited for this study were both pregnant and nonpregnant women, with or without hypertension (n=55). Following an overnight fast, plasma, saliva, and tongue scraping samples were collected for measurement of nitrate/nitrite concentrations, oral NaR (nitrate reductase) activity, and microbiota profiling using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Baseline BP was measured, followed by the administration of a single dose of dietary nitrate (400 mg nitrate in 70 mL beetroot juice). Post-nitrate intervention, plasma and salivary nitrate/nitrite concentrations and BP were determined 2.5 hours later.

RESULTS:

Women with hypertension had significantly lower salivary nitrite concentrations (
P
=0.006) and reduced abundance of the nitrate-reducing taxa
Veillonella
(
P
=0.007) compared with normotensive women. Oral NaR activity was not significantly different in pregnant versus nonpregnant women (
P
=0.991) but tended to be lower in hypertensive compared with normotensive women (
P
=0.099). Oral NaR activity was associated with both baseline diastolic BP (
P
=0.050) and change in diastolic BP following acute nitrate intake (
P
=0.01, adjusted for baseline BP).

CONCLUSIONS:

The abundance and activity of oral nitrate-reducing bacteria impact both baseline BP as well as the ability of dietary nitrate supplementation to lower BP. Strategies to increase oral nitrate-reducing capacity could lower BP and enhance the efficacy of dietary nitrate supplementation, in pregnancy as well as in nonpregnant adults.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03930693.