bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Postoperative Complications After Simultaneous Vitrectomy and Cataract Surgery
Authors: Suzuki Yukihiko , Sakuraba Tomoki , Mizutani Hideyuki , Matsuhashi Hideaki , Nakazawa Mitsuru
Published: April 2021

* OBJECTIVE: We reviewed postoperative complications after simultaneous vitrectomy, phacoemulsification, aspiration, and acryl lens insertion.

* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Combined surgery was performed in 316 eyes of 279 patients between 1995 and 1997. Postoperative observation was continued in all of them for more than 6 months. The diagnoses that led to vitrectomy included diabetic retinopathy in 155 eyes, rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in 64 eyes, macular hole in 43 eyes, and other diseases in 93 eyes. The rate of postoperative complications that needed any reoperation was investigated.

* RESULTS: Reoperations were needed for intravitreal hemorrhage in 23 eyes (7.3%), retinal detachment in 15 eyes (4.7%), rubeotic glaucoma in 6 eyes (1.9%), and other conditions in 4 eyes (1.3%). Among them, reoperations were performed on 13 eyes (4.1%) twice and more. A removal of an intraocular lens was needed in 16 eyes (5.1%) for treatment of vitreoretinal disease. In patients with diabetic retinopathy, reoperations were needed for intravitreal hemorrhage in 21 eyes (13.5%), rubeotic glaucoma in 6 eyes (3.9%), other diseases in 4 eyes (2.6%), and a removal of an intraocular lens was needed in 10 eyes (6.5%) at a higher rate than the other disease.

* CONCLUSION: This combined surgery is considered advantageous for removing peripheral vitreous, while preventing these complications is important for preserving visual function.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2001;32:391-396]
Surgical Removal of Submacular Choroidal Neovascularization: A Clinicopathologic Study and Factors Influencing Visual Outcomes
Authors: Corey Richard P , Scott Ingrid U , Flynn Harry W , Rosa Robert H , Murray Timothy G
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Clinical and histopathologic characteristics of submacular choroidal neovascular membranes (CNV) are investigated and features predictive of postoperative complications or poorer visual outcome following CNV removal are identified.

* MATERIALS AND METHODS: Records of patients who underwent submacular CNV removal at Bascom Palmer Eye Institute between 1991 and 1998 are reviewed.

* RESULTS: At 6 months postoperatively, vision was stable or improved in 19/26 (73%) eyes, with 15/26 (58%) having 20/200 to 20/400 vision. Postoperative retinal detachment occurred more commonly in age-related macular degeneration eyes (AMD) (P <0.05), and CNV recurrence occurred most frequently in presumed ocular histoplasmosis (POHS) eyes (P <0.05). The one eye with an extrafoveal CNV in-growth site had the largest improvement in vision postoperatively. Choroid in the specimen was associated with worse postoperative vision (P = 0.05).

* CONCLUSION: Submacular CNV removal achieves visual stabilization at the 20/200 to 20/400 level in most eyes. Potential risk factors for postoperative complications or poorer visual outcome include the underlying disease process, subfoveal in-growth site of CNV, and presence of choroid in the specimen.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2001;32:406-418]
Nodular Cutaneous Amyloid Tumors of the Eyelids in the Absence of Systemic Amyloidosis
Authors: Pelton Ron W , Desmond Brian P , Mamalis Nick , Pratt David V , Patel Bhupendra C K , Anderson Richard L
Published: April 2021

Abstract. A patient was referred with recurrent bilateral, slow-growing, painless, nodular tumors of the upper eyelid margins. The tumors were excised and the base of each lesion was ablated with the CO2 laser. Histological examination of the excised tissue revealed amyloid. Despite the fact that cutaneous, amyloid lesions of the eyelid have been previously described as essentially pathognomonic for systemic amyloid disease, no evidence of systemic amyloidosis was found in this patient. We believe that this represents only the second reported case of bilateral cutaneous amyloid of the eyelids without systemic involvement. We agree with previous authors that this lesion be added to the list of painless slow-growing bilateral eyelid tumors. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2001;32:422-424]
Retrieval of a Dropped Corneal Button From a Vitrectomized Eye
Authors: Sharma Ashok , Gupta Pankaj , Viswanadh Kompella B , Ram Jagat , Dogra R , Gupta Amod
Published: April 2021

Abstract. A successful retrieval of a dropped corneal button from an aphakic vitrectomized eye during penetrating keratoplasty is reported. A 52-year-old female patient underwent penetrating keratoplasty for aphakic corneal edema in a vitrectomized eye. The donor button inadvertently dropped into the vitreous cavity and was retrieved successfully. The dropped corneal button was visualized after focusing the operating microscope on the retina. The visualization significantly improved after aspiration of the fluid from the vitrectomized eye. The donor button was picked up by McPherson's forceps and subsequently sutured to the recipient's cornea. Corneal surgeons need to be aware of this rare complication in aphakic vitrectomized eyes and its retrieval after accurate visualization. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2001;32:494-495]
Bilateral Retinal Hemorrhages Following Automated Lamellar Keratoplasty
Authors: Wei Li-Chen , Chang Shu-Wen
Published: April 2021

Abstract. We describe a case of bilateral multifocal retinal hemorrhages after receiving automated lamellar keratoplasty (ALK) surgery in a 32-year-old male with extremly myopic eyes. Before surgery, there was no retinal hemorrhage in routine fundus examination. This patient visited our clinic and complained of decreased vision in both eyes 2 weeks after the ALK surgery. Upon examination, his best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.6 with -8.5-1.5 x 100° in the right eye and 0.9 with -4.0-2.50 ? 90° in the left eye. Fundus examination revealed scattered multiple round focal retinal hemorrhages in both eyes. No evidence of choroidal neovascularization was noted. The retinal hemorrhages resolved 10 weeks later. The BCVA recovered to 1 .0 in the right eye and 0.9 in the left eye. This case highlights the relationship between the postoperative bilateral posterior pole hemorrhages and the automated lamellar keratoplasty surgery, in which a microkeratome was used to create a corneal flap and keratectomy. Patients should be informed of this rare complication before surgery. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 200233:54-57]
5-Fluorouracil-Needling and Paracentesis Through the Failing Filtering Bleb
Authors: Ophir Avinoam , Wasserman Daniel
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Standard needle revision of the filtering bleb after glaucoma filtration surgery has many disadvantages. This study reports the technique and outcome of a modified needling of the failing bleb.

* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Consecutive patients who presented with increased intraocular pressure (IOP) and open internal ostium were included m this prospective study. When their IOP rose to levels >20 mm Hg despite various therapeutic regimens and visibility of the sclerostomy site was unclear, the modified needling technique was conducted. In each needling, a total dose of 1 mg (0.1 mL) of 5-fluorouracil (FU) was administered subconjunctivally, adjacent and into the bleb. The needle was then passed via the bleb, anterior to the sclera, through the anterior limbus to penetrate intracamerally. Standard treatment to inhibit bleb scarring followed.

* RESULTS: Twelve 5-FU-needle revisions were performed on 8 eyes. The first needle revision was performed 51.1 ±36.2 days (range, 5-117) postoperative!/. IOP decreased from 31.0±5.7 (range, 25-43) mm Hg with 0.6±0.9 (range, 0-2) hypotensive medications to 15.5±2.6 mm Hg (range, 12-19) with 0.9±1.1 medications (range, 0-3), 11.3±4.9 months (range, 8-23) after the only or second (last) needling (P=0.012). In all eyes, the filtering bleb became diffused; in 7 eyes, it remained diffusely elevated or shallow-diffused.

* CONCLUSION: Relatively few needle revisions of the filtering bleb by a modified approach that bypassed the activated scarring tissue contributed to the restoration of IOP control. It is possible that the 5-FU-needle revision may offer advantages over the standard approach. A larger sample and a controlled study are required to validate these considerations.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2002;33:109-116]
Bilateral Massive Choroidal Hemorrhage Secondary to Glanzmann's Syndrome
Authors: Saatchi A Osman , Kuvaki Bahar , Oner F Hakan , Oren Hale , Saatci Isil , Durak Ismet , Irken Gulersu
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Characteristics of intraocular bleeding and its management in association with blood dyscrasias are discussed. We present a patient with massive bilateral choroidal hemorrhage secondary to Glanzmann's syndrome. Magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonographic findings were ordered. During the clinical course, bilateral intravitreal hemorrhage and tractional retinal detachment occurred. Left pars plana vitrée - tomy was performed under general anaesthesia. The procedure was unsuccessful because of intraoperative uncontrolled bleeding.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2002:33;148-151]
Scleral Fixation of a Foldable Intraocular Lens
Authors: Michaeli-Cohen Adi , Rootman David S
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Scleral fixation has become more popular and is now performed by surgeons all over the world. At present, there are no available foldable intraocular lenses (IOLs) with holes that would enable tying a suture on to their haptic. We describe a method for using an available 3-piece acrylic foldable IOL with PMMA haptics for scleral fixation. This enables surgeons to benefit from the advantages of a small incision in cases when there is no need to exchange a previously implanted rigid IOL. [Ophthalmol Surg Lasers 2002;33:257-259]
Pars Plana Vitrectomy and Transscleral Fixation of Black Diaphragm Intraocular Lens for the Management of Traumatic Aniridia
Authors: Omulecki Wojciech , Synder Aleksandra
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Partial or complete aniridia occurring after severe ocular trauma is a difficult therapeutic problem. Diaphragm intraocular lenses were developed for the correction of aniridia, but the safety and efficacy of implanting such lenses are not well established in traumatic cases because of very few reports, and the small number of cases studied.

* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Six patients, 4 men and 2 women with a mean age of 44 years, were treated for traumatic aniridia using pars plana vitrectomy and transscleral fixation of a black diaphragm intraocular lens. Total aniridia was observed in 3 eyes and partial aniridia in 3 eyes. Four eyes were aphakic and severe lens subluxation was seen in 2 eyes. Vitreous hemorrhage coexisted in 2 patients and bacterial endophthalmitis was present in 1 patient. Follow-up time ranged between 4 and 39 months (mean, 23 months).

* RESULTS: Best-corrected visual acuity improved in 5 patients and 1 remained unchanged. Good visual acuity (20/20 - 20/40) was achieved in all cases and all lenses were well-centered. No severe complications were noted. Three of 6 patients required glaucoma topical medications pte- and postoperatively achieving good intraocular pressure control.

* CONCLUSION: The management of traumatic aniridia using pars plana vitrectomy and implantation of scleral fixation black diaphragm intraocular lenses seem to be safe. Very good functional results and lack of severe complications are encouraging. Additional cases with a longer follow-up study are necessary to support our opinion.

[Ophdialmic Surg Lasers 200233:357-361]
Acute-Onset Postoperative Endophthalmitis: Review of Incidence and Visual Outcomes (1995-2001)
Authors: Eifrig Charles W G , Flynn Harry W , Scott Ingrid U , Newton Jean
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence rate of acute-onset postoperative endophthalmitis and to assess visual acuity outcomes after treatment from the most recent 7 years (19952001) compared with the previous 11 years (19841994) among patients undergoing intraocular surgery at the same institution.

* PATIENTS AND METHODS: The medical records were reviewed of all patients undergoing intraocular surgery at the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute between January 1, 1995 and December 31, 2001.

* RESULTS: The 7-year incidence rate of acute-onset postoperative endophthalmitis was 0.05% (17 of 35,916 intraocular surgeries). The number of patients with endophthalmitis (incidence) and their median final visual acuity for each surgical category are as follows: cataract extraction: 8/21,972 (0.04%) - 20/100; glaucoma surgery: 4/1,970 (0.2%) - 20/70; penetrating keratoplasty: 2/2,362 (0.08%) - light perception; pars plana vitrectomy: 2/7,429 (0.03%) - hand movements; secondary intraocular lens placement: 1/485 (0.2%) - 20/40. Of the 8 cases of endophthalmitis after cataract surgery, 6 cases occurred after phacoemulsification and 2 of these cases had a clear corneal sutureless incision.

* CONCLUSION: The most recent 7-year incidence rate of acute-onset postoperative endophthalmitis is significantly lower than that of the previous 11 years (0.05% versus 0.09%; P=0.031) at the same institution. Visual acuity outcomes after treatment were generally better in cataract surgery, glaucoma surgery, and secondary intraocular lens categories compared to pars plana vitrectomy and penetrating keratoplasty categories.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2002;33:373-378]
Fluorescein Angiographic Findings in an Infected Scleral Buckle
Authors: Mansour Ahmad M , Bashshur Ziad , Han Dennis P , Kim Judy E
Published: April 2021

Abstract. This report presents fluorescein angiographic (FA) findings in a patient with scleral buckle infection. Ten days following scleral buckling surgery, FA demonstrated dilated choroidal vessels over the buckle with leakage of fluorescein into the subretinal space. Irregular diffuse scleral thickening was noted on the computed tomography (CT). The findings of focal choroiditis with dilated leaky choroidal vessels seen on FA, or diffuse scleral thickening demonstrated by a CT may aid in establishing the diagnosis of scleral buckle infection. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2002;33:433-435]
The Determinants of eWoM in Social Commerce
Authors: Rouibah Kamel , Al-Qirim Nabeel , Hwang Yujong , Pouri Sara Ghasem
Published: April 2021

The influence of eWoM use for s-commerce in the context of Arab region remains unexplored. To bridge this gap, this study develops a model for eWoM use for s-commerce post adoption. This model link three antecedents-factors (trust towards other people, trust of internet/Instagram, and perceived risks) to eWoM use for s-commerce through the mediation of perceived enjoyment, perceived value, and customer satisfaction. The model is validated with a large sample of 843 Instagram users using LISREL tool. Research findings revealed that propensity to trust, trust of internet, perceived risk, and perceived value affect use of eWoM through the indirect effect of perceived enjoyment and satisfaction, while perceived value has no direct effect on eWoM. Customer satisfaction was a predominant predictor of eWoM use. The model has relevant contributions and implications for both research and practice.
Architecting and Developing Big Data-Driven Innovation (DDI) in the Digital Economy
Authors: Sultana Saida , Akter Shahriar , Kyriazis Elias , Wamba Samuel Fosso
Published: April 2021

To revamp with new creative age characterized by ongoing digital transformation, more and more industries are capitalizing on digital innovation for their sustainable business growth. Drawing on a systematic literature review, thematic analysis, and using the theories of dynamic capabilities and market orientation, this research scrutinizes a systematic process for developing analytics-based data-driven innovation (DDI). Findings suggest a standardized seven-step process for DDI, including product conceptualization, data acquisition, data refinement, data storage and retrieval, distribution, presentation, and market feedback.
Antecedents of the green purchase intention towards electric cars: the Sri Lankan customers’ perspective
Authors: Lakshika V. G. P. , Hemamali K. A. G. A.
Published: April 2021

Even though fast development in the global economy and technology has accelerated human civilization, it has also caused enormous damage to the global natural environment. Among the several environmental issues, air pollution is a major pollution problem around the world. The vast increase in private car usages is one of the major reasons for air pollution. In order to prevent such threats one solution is moving to cleaner energy vehicles. However, the rate of adoption of cleaner energy vehicles, such as electric cars, is still low. It is therefore vital, to investigate the factors that influence consumer green purchase intention towards electric vehicles. On the other hand, although green marketing and green consumer behavior have been major interest in today’s research field, a careful study of the literature reveals that the green purchase towards the electrical vehicle has not been thoroughly investigated. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine a clear understanding of factors that influence consumer green purchase intention towards electrical vehicle. The research philosophy of the current study is a positivist research paradigm and follows a deductive approach. A quantitative study was conducted using the questionnaire as the primary data collection method and the data was obtained from 215 respondents. The findings of the present study reveal that consumer attitudes towards the electric car, social influence, environmental knowledge and price have a significant impact on green purchasing intentions. Furthermore, social influence has been identified as the salient factor of green purchase intention of the electric car.
Tuberculin Skin Test Response and BCG Vaccination in Korea
Authors: Kim Hyun Gyu , Kim Do-Yeon , Lee Deok-Yu
Published: April 2021

No abstract available.
Recent Trend in Tuberculosis Chemotherapy
Authors: Park Byung-Rae
Published: April 2021

No abstract available.
Personal View on Tuberculosis in the Eastern- and Western Hemisphere
Authors: Yoo Byung Seo
Published: April 2021

No abstract available.
A Study on Hemorrhage following application of INAH
Authors: Hur In-mok , Han Won Bong , Min Hun ki , Lee Ok Hee , Lee Woon kyung
Published: April 2021

No abstract available.
Chemotherapy and Clinical Aspect of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Lee Chan She
Published: April 2021

No abstract available.
The Types of the trend of the course of Pulmonary Tuberculosis seen on the X-ray
Authors: Lee Chan She
Published: April 2021

No abstract available.
Influential Factors upon Tuberculin Allergy Following B.C.G. Inoculation
Authors: Lee Sung Kwan , Kim Kyong Shik , Choi Chai Kyu
Published: April 2021

lt is well known that the tuberculin aIlergy does not directly mean an immunity against tuberculosis, but we can estimate this allergy as a sort of indicator to immunity, because tuberculin allergy runs parallel with immunity against tuberculin up to a certain degree, However a very important problem in this scope is that how much effectively and how long we can maintain tuberculin allergy following B. C. G. vaccination.l have observed some subjects on tuberculin allergy as follows: 1. Natural factors affecting Tuberclllin allergy. a. The influence of Age. b. The influence of Sex. C. The lnfluence of some factors affecting on low degree-tuberculin sensitivity.2. Artificial factors affecting tuberculin allergy: a. The influence of Ray. b. The influence of intermittend vaccinatíon.c. The technical influence of Emulsifing Dry B. C. G.d. The influence of B. C. G. concentration. e. The influence of the time:: passing sfter Dry B. C. G. is emulsified.f. The influence of dividing vaccination. g. The influence of the time passing after production of Diry B C. G.h. The influence of dosage.i. The inf1uence of various dead, and living & dead mixed tubercular bacilli
Vanishing Lung
Authors: Min Hun Ki
Published: April 2021

The phenomenon of “ vanishing lung", descriptive of the occurerance of abnormal air spaces in the process of pulmonary disease, has greatelý increased in its incidences in recent years under the effect of chemotherapy.The following case is an example of "Vanishing lung" observed in tuberculosis during chemotherapy.Report of a caseThe patient was a 33-years-old soldier, who was in a past of active duty during the war. Diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis was first made by army doctor about 3 years ago. He receivd chemotherapy from September, 1954, with PAS and ST. And on that occasion, tuberculous bacilli was said positive in sputum by smear. ln December, 1954, he was hospitalized in our clinic and physical examination revealed diffuse moist rale audibleat any pal t of the lung and marked clubbed fingers. Tuberculous bacilli was negative in sputum and E. S. R was normal. Raentogenogram showed, as seen in Fig. I. A, extensive. rather soft lesion in Ieft upper field of Iung and generally severe marking in both Iungs. He was given INAH 400 mg and PAS 10g daily.Subsequently. though there was some improvement of general condition, moderate degree of dyapnea was persist ing. ln February 1955, for the purpose of inhibiting fibrosis, cortisone was tried with daily dose of 50mg, total amount being 500mg. but this was not so effective. in April 1955, the second ranentogenog ram(Fig 1. B) showed that the previous lesion was completely replaced by large air space. Tuberculous baciIIi was also negative in sputum both by smear and culture.In tuberculosis, confluent extensive processes as a rule result either in thick waIIed cavities or in dense fibrosis. Now, in this case, it is considered that chemotherapy. especiaIly the effect of IN AH, and partly the effect of cotisone brought about complete resolution of pathologicaJ product3 before any of these changes could occur.Another current trend to explain “ vanishing Iung" is as a phenomenon of obstructive emphysema. But it is said that there is neither clinical evidence of bronchiaI obstruction before its development nor evidence for such obstruction in subsequent morphological changes.
The Clinical Evaluation of "PAS-ZID" Made in Korea
Authors: Yoo Okk Hee , Kim Ki Ho
Published: April 2021

INTRODUCTIONNowadays, among the various chemotherapies for the treatment of tuberculosis, oral chemotherapy using INH and PAS is most popular. The clinical effects of combined chemotherapy using lNH-PAS are bridged in this report. As they were already reported at the preceding session of the conference under the title of "Clinical resultsof oral chemotherapy for ambulatory tuberculous patients". This report, therefore, . merely refered to the clinical result of PAS-ZID administered to ambulatory tuberculous .patients in our chest clinic. We compared the clinical result of "PAS-ZID" with the combined chemotherapy of INH-PAS and the report from U. S. Public Health Service, published in ]an. 1954.Before mentioning everything else, we must tell that: 1) The patients we observed were only 10 in all. These are too few to obtain a clinical evaluation of any drugs. 2) The period of administion ext eudiug to six months is too short to survey fully the condition of the chronic tuberculous patients. Consequently, this report ended in the partial observation of ten selected cases. We, also, think it is too early to announce the superiority of "PAS-ZID" in its general effect. One tablet of "PAS-ZID" consists of 0.5gm of PAS and 20 mgm of INH, and it is sugar -coated.SUMMARY1). We treated 10 ambulatory patients with pulmonary tuberculosis with homemade "PA S-ZID" for 24 weeks.2). In the observation of X-ray findings, sputum and body-weight, ’'PAS-ZID" showed almost equal clinical improvement with other contrast groups. As for the frequency of conversion, "PAS-Z1D" showed a little be1.ter res-ult than other groups of oral chemotherapy Under the same condition.3). There were no special disturbances of gastro-intestinal tract which are frequnently met in the course of PAS treatment.4). Cases observed in this report was only 10 Patients and the duration was short. For the through and proper evaluation of the drugs, much more patients and ml1ch longer period of observation are necessary.
Comparison Between the Reactions by Two Different Kinds of Tuberculin
Authors: Lee Keun Tae
Published: April 2021

I conducted the Tuberculin Reaction Survey for 605 children of primary schools by using two different kinds of Tubekulin and I found considerable differences between the subcutaneous reactions by both liquids. By the way, my reading of the reactions was done by Toda’s Method. 1) As the result of reading the reactions in 48 hours injecting both liquids: the negative rate by A. 66.3土 2.11%Showed double figue than that by B, 31.5 土 2. 27% but the positive rate by B, 46.4土 2.22% appeared much higher and intenser in its reaction than that by A, 29. 3土2. 03.2) As the result of looking into the reaction intensities by both, in 48 hours after the infection; the sam 191 cases(38. 0+2.17%) the higher in A. 6 cases(. 3%) the higher in B. 305 cases(6.08土2. 17%). It appeared that the intensity by B is more than A.3) As the result or observing the freqllency in appearance of induration, blister and necrosis made by both it appeared that those by E are more than by A.4) As the result of comparison with the reaction intensities by both, in 24 or 48 hours after the injection; there was reaction intensities by both, in 24 or 48 hours after the injection; .there was notited no considerable difference between those of 18h>24h and 24h>4Sh in A. however, in B, those of 24h>48h are fairly more than those of 48h>24h after the intensity.5) In 24 and also 48 hours, the cases showing B> A in the reaction inbeasity held the absolut majority among the tested.6) As the result of observing the reaccions by both liquids shown following changes of the times, 24, 48, 72 or 96 hours; it appeared that the non-changed in their intensities, 495 cases held the majority among the tested.Considering the above facts, it would be understandable that both liquids have much differences with each other in their subcutaneous reactions. lt would bring about some confusion in clinical test, mass survey or picking up of objects for B. C. G. vaccination. Therefore. I would liké to emphasize that the above facts must be considered significantly in the public health fleld.
Assessment of patients affected by rheumatoid arthritis eligible for biotechnological agents and evaluation of their healthcare resource utilization and related costs
Authors: Degli Esposti L. , Perrone V. , Sangiorgi D. , Sinigaglia L.
Published: April 2021

Objective. To provide estimates of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) eligible for biotechnological therapy and to evaluate their healthcare costs. Method. An observational analysis was performed based on data-linkage between administrative databases of selected Italian Regional/Local healthcare departments. Data were then re-proportioned to the Italian population. Patients with RA diagnosis defined by discharge diagnosis and/or exemption code during 01/01/2013- 31/12/2017 were included. The criteria applied to evaluate the elegibility for biotechnological therapy were: 1) methotrexate (MTX)-treatment failure ≥6 months and start of a different conventional-synthetic diseasemodifying antirheumatic drugs (csDMARD); 2) corticosteroid ≥6 months with dosage ≥7.5 mg/die; 3) MTX-contraindication (therapy or hospitalization for renal damage/interstizial lung disease/hepatic failure). Mean annual costs per patient included drugs, hospitalizations, outpatient services. Results. Data re-proportioned to the Italian population estimated 318,328 RA patients: 43,361 with, 274,967 without biotechnological agents. Among the latter, 26,487(9.6%) patients met ≥1 criteria applied for eligibility: 1,896 had MTX-treatment failure and started another csDMARD; 15,833 received corticosteroid ≥7.5 mg/die; 7,788 had MTX-contraindication. Regarding patients fulfilling two criteria, 107 had MTX-treatment failure followed by another csDMARDs and corticosteroid ≥7.5 mg/die, 53 were treated with another csDMARDs after MTX-treatment failure and also presented MTX-contraindication, 810 had corticosteroid ≥7.5 mg/die and MTX-contraindication. Mean total annual costs for patients estimated eligible for biotechnological therapy was € 3,132, of which € 177 related to drugs indicated for RA and € 2,955 related to other direct costs. Conclusions. According to our estimates, around 10% RA patients not currently treated with biotechnological agents are eligible for such therapies, highlighting a trend of under-use in clinical practice for RA management.
New Cryogenian, Neoproterozoic, and middle Paleozoic U–Pb zircon ages from the Caledonia terrane, southern New Brunswick, Canada: better constrained but more complex volcanic stratigraphy
Authors: Barr Sandra M. , Johnson Susan C. , Dunning Greg R. , White Chris E. , Park Adrian F. , Wälle Markus , Langille Amanda
Published: April 2021

New U–Pb zircon ages from volcanic, plutonic, and sedimentary units in the Avalonian Caledonia terrane of southern New Brunswick provide better timing constraints in this geologically complex area. Previous ca. 620 Ma ages from the Broad River Group are now corroborated by additional dates from felsic tuff in the Gordon Falls Formation and rhyolite in the former Fairfield (now East Branch Black River) Formation of 620 ± 5 Ma and 622 ± 1.9 Ma, respectively. Combined with ages ranging from ca. 625 Ma to 615 Ma from crosscutting plutons, the data suggest that the minimum age of the Broad River Group is about 615 Ma. A quartzfeldspar porphyry dyke in mafic volcanic rocks of the previously undated Long Beach Formation yielded an igneous crystallization age of 685 ± 10 Ma, the oldest unit yet dated in the Caledonia terrane but similar in age to porphyry in the Stirling belt in the Avalonian Mira terrane of Nova Scotia. The age of the Coldbrook Group was constrained previously by U–Pb (zircon) ages of volcanic rocks between 560 and 550 Ma as well as by similar ages from comagmatic plutons. Five additional samples from both volcanic and plutonic units lie in the same range of 560–550 Ma, including errors, demonstrating that the Coldbrook Group and related plutons formed in less than 10 million years. Such a large volume of mainly felsic magma erupted and emplaced in a short time span suggests a “supereruption/supervolcano” environment such as the late Cenozoic southwestern USA but not yet recognized at ca. 560–550 Ma elsewhere in Avalonia. Two units yielded Paleozoic ages: felsite of the Bloomsbury Mountain Formation with a zircon population at 427 ± 9 Ma, indicating a Silurian maximum emplacement age, and dacite of the Grassy Lake Formation with several zircon grains at 382.8 ± 8.3 Ma, indicating a maximum age of middle Devonian, the first rocks of this age to be identified in the Caledonia terrane.
Paleotectonic and paleogeographic history of the Arctic region
Authors: Blakey Ron
Published: April 2021

Paleogeographic maps represent the ultimate synthesis of complex and extensive geologic data and express pictorially the hypothetical landscape of some region during a given time-slice of deep geologic time. Such maps, presented as paired paleogeographic and paleotectonic reconstructions, have been developed to portray the geologic history of the greater Arctic region over the past 400 million years. Collectively they depict four major episodes in the development of the Arctic region. The first episode witnessed early and middle Paleozoic terrane assembly and accretion during the Caledonian and Ellesmerian orogenies, which brought together many pieces of the Arctic collage along the northern margin of Laurussia. During the second phase, the assembly of Pangea in the late Paleozoic joined Siberia to Laurussia, an entity that became Laurasia during the subsequent break-up of Pangea. Then, Mesozoic subduction and terrane accretion constructed the Cordilleran margin and opened the Canada Basin. Finally, Cenozoic North Atlantic sea-floor spreading fully opened the Arctic Ocean.
Association between weekly fruit and vegetable consumption and depressive symptoms: results from the Korean Elderly Environmental Panel study
Authors: Yuk Youjeong , Han Chae-Rin , Jang Yoonyoung , Hong Yun-Chul , Choi Yoon-Jung
Published: April 2021

OBJECTIVES: Although previous studies have investigated the correlation between fruit and vegetable consumption and depression, the results remain inconclusive. The present study aimed to investigate the association between weekly fruit and vegetable consumption and depressive symptoms in elderly Koreans.METHODS: A multiple covariate linear regression analysis was performed using the data of 1,226 elderly individuals ≥ 60 years of age who participated in the Korean Elderly Environmental Panel II study from 2012 to 2014. Depressive symptoms were evaluated using the Korean version of the Short form Geriatric Depression Scale (SGDS-K). Generalized linear mixed-effects models were constructed to analyze the repeated measurements of 305 people who participated in the survey every year.RESULTS: After adjusting for confounders, SGDS-K scores were negatively associated with the frequency of weekly fruit consumption as follows (β [95% confidence interval; CI]: -0.17 [-0.28 to -0.05], -0.17 [-0.27 to -0.07], -0.42 [-0.54 to 0.29], and -0.33 [-0.44 to -0.21]) for less than 1 time/wk, 1-3 times/wk, 4-6 times/wk, and daily, respectively, compared to no consumption. The SGDS-K scores were also negatively associated with the frequency of vegetable consumption (β [95% CI]: -0.86 [-1.18 to -0.55], -0.18 [-0.35 to -0.01], -0.36 [-0.53 to -0.18], and -0.15 [-0.29 to 0.00]) in the above order, respectively.CONCLUSIONS: Fruit consumption was inversely associated with depression levels in a dose-dependent manner. Although there was no dose-response relationship between vegetable consumption and the level of depression, it was negatively associated with SGDS-K scores.
Adult Education Teachers’ Competencies for the Implementation of Sustainable Development
Authors: Kušić Siniša , Hasel Renata
Published: April 2021

This paper presents the results of a study conducted on a sample of teachers working in adult education in Croatia with the aim of determining whether they possess the competencies needed for the implementation of sustainable development in the teaching process. The results show that the teachers who participated in the study mostly expressed positive attitudes but lower levels of both knowledge about sustainable development concepts and education for it. Even though teachers on average self-evaluated that they possessed almost every generic and specific competency needed for sustainable development, their self-evaluation also shows that they only partially possess the competencies directly connected with the implementation of sustainable development in the adult education teaching process.
National Security and National Development: A Critique
Authors: Ebeh JI
Published: April 2021

This paper examined the prominent role played by security of life and properties in the development of the society. Its primary focus is that security is the major determinant of development of any society. It also critically examined the role of security in the development of the Nigerian nation. It ramified the concepts of national security and national development, how they are intertwined and linked them to the Nigerian society. The paper examined the causes of national security challenges in Nigeria such as corruption, injustice, poverty, poor health care delivery services, decayed and collapsed infrastructure, environmental degradation and socio-religious crises. The paper examined the correlations between all these causes of insecurity and the crises of underdevelopment in Nigeria particularly in the area of abject poverty, unemployment, lack of functional industries, low foreign investment, diversion of public funds, youth restiveness, religious and social violence, poor tourist attraction, and negative effect on the psychological wellbeing of the citizenry. It evaluates the issues raised and concluded that the issues are meant for pro-active reaction of the generality of the Nigerians and not the government alone.
An Evaluation of Banks’ Liability in Robbery Incidents at Banks’ Premises in Nigeria
Authors: Garuba AO , Otomewo GOT
Published: April 2021

The spate of armed robbery attack on banks in the last decade has been alarming. It is hoped with the current Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) cashless policy there will be a drastic drop in such incidents. However, the issue of armed robbery attack at the bank premises brings to the fore two issues which are of paramount interest to the banker, customer and the general public. The issues are: (a) is the family of a bank customer killed by armed robbers in the banking hall during a transaction entitled to compensation? (b) Is a customer who is attacked by armed robbers in the banking hall and whose cash is snatched in the process of being lodged in; entitled to compensation from the bank? Therefore, the paper is aimed at examining banks’ liability in robbery incidents. The study adopts a theoretical approach and use of secondary data. The findings show that it is not in all cases that the customer will be compensated. It depends on the merit of the case and the stage the title in cash passes to the bank. Based on the findings it is recommended that banks’ should train their staff to be security conscious and how to behave in case of robbery attacks so as not to endanger their lives; and that of the customers.Key words: Liability, robbery, customer, security, cash and premises.
Socio-Cultural Conception of Albinism and Sexuality Challenges among Persons with Albinism (PWA) in South-West, Nigeria
Authors: Ikuomola AD
Published: April 2021

The conception of albinism and the plight facing persons with albinism (PWA) in south-western Nigeria have long been viewed and overemphasised from a biomedical perspective. However, there is a lack of information on the socio-historical conception of albinism and the corollary effect on albinos’ sexuality challenges. This study examines the socio-cultural barriers affecting PWA in the formation of identity and sexual negotiations and relationships. The study was purely qualitative in nature, revealing the Yoruba myths, folktales and legends about albinos as both disabled and divine beings. This was highlighted as having a significant impact on their sexuality, associations, and relationships with persons with/out pigmentation defects. Men with albinism (MWA) were discovered to be more likely to get involved in relationships and possibly getting married especially if they are from a wealthy home. Similarly a better chance and strong familial support exist for a first-born son and for an only male child, than the females with albinism (FWA). This buttresses the patriarchal nature of the African society which emphasises much preference for the male born. From birth therefore, gender was narrated as a discriminatory factor. However, identity formation, association and getting involved in sexual relationships were major challenges affecting all PWA. For the female PWA the risk of being used for money making rituals; not knowing a sincere partner; their more fragile nature and perceived fear of societal objection and hatred in seeing a non-albino with an albino getting involved were highly traumatising. The study concluded that the sociocultural conception of albinism and albinos as disabled and spirit beings should be deconstructed to pave the way for effective expression of sexual relationships. Key words: Spirit beings, myth, relationships, gender, patriarchy
Youth’s Unemployment and Illiteracy: Impact on National Security, the Nigerian Experience
Authors: Akpan DA
Published: April 2021

For a long time probably since late 1980s the youths of this nation have been on bondage as a result of unemployment caused by faulty institutional structures, illiteracy, corruption and poor management of resources. Though unemployment is a global phenomenon, the situation in Nigeria has reached the crises state, yet it is reported by economists, super financial institutions such as World Ban that the yearly growth of Nigeria economy is 7.8 percent. However, this paper espouses that unemployment, illiteracy and faulty institutional, corruption are some of the factors responsible for National insecurity. That National insecurity is characterized by violence, kidnapping, assassinations, armed robbery, food insecurity, environmental insecurity and other vices in the nation. Youths form the bulk of unemployed and are burden to national security. Government should therefore build strong economic institutions and those already in place, be strengthened to create jobs for the youths. The power sector demands immediate attention for power is the heart-beat of the nation the informal and formal sector to drive the economy. Efforts should be made to encourage vocational, technical and entrepreneurial education in Nigeria — for self employment. Education should be made free and compulsory t least) secondary school level. Nigerians in Diaspora with capital should be encouraged to come home and invest. Corruption and mismanagement of our resources ought to be dealt with vigour.
Mise-en-scene and authenticity in Kunle Afolayan’s October 1
Authors: Bature-Uzor Nkechi Asiegbu
Published: April 2021

Illusive realism is the hallmark of film narratives and it is achieved in film production through appropriate composition of narrative elements in film shots and sequences. These elements constitute the mise-en-scene and their purpose is geared towards authenticating the narrative, while offering the basis for the interpretations and meanings given it. This study examines Kunle Afolayan’s October 1, focusing on the significant role played by mise-en-scene in carrying the thematic thrust through the use of realistic sets, props, costumes and make-up. It hinges on the analysis of these elements to understand their role in the signification of the period in the narrative. Using semiotic principles, it analyses these elements as signs denoting and connoting a certain period in Nigerian history. This study also emphasizes the semiotic readings of mise-en-scene in Nollywood films to tinge out relevant meanings encoded in the composition of images in film narratives. It is also expected to guide the Nigerian filmmaker towards accuracy in the use of mise-en-scene. It is hoped that film makers will create believable illusions of reality using the narrative elements that can best support the narration.Keywords: Mise-en-scene, Narrative, Props, Costume, Set, Make-up
Um Estudo Comparativo sobre as Impressões de Alunos das Licenciaturas no Ensino Remoto em Duas Universidades Públicas
Authors: Braga Maria Dalvirene , Menezes Josinalva Estacio , Seimetz Rui , Maria da Silva Poliana , Araújo da Silva Samara
Published: April 2021

Este artigo tem por objetivo descrever comparativamente as impressões de alunos dos cursos de Ciências Exatas, participantes de atividades via ensino remoto, em duas universidades públicas do Nordeste e Centro-Oeste, a respeito dos efeitos dessa modalidade de ensino no processo de ensino e aprendizagem. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório e descritivo, cujo instrumento utilizado para coleta de dados foi um questionário formulário Google Forms que, posteriormente, auxiliou nas análises. Os resultados revelam que o ensino remoto não é ainda uma forma eficiente, nem motivadora de processo de ensino; o tempo gasto em frente à tecnologia pode tornar o processo cansativo; o aluno é agente passivo, na maioria do tempo, e há um desejo de retorno ao ensino presencial. Nesse sentido, reafirmamos, então, a grande tarefa do professor: usar sua ampla bagagem de experiência docente para contribuir com um ensino eficiente nessa modalidade que se impôs e poder ser benéfica.
¿Un sistema con vocación de reforma?: La Ley de Responsabilidad Penal de los Menores
Authors: Fernández Molina Esther , Rechea Cristina
Published: April 2021

Cuando en el año 2000 se publicó la LO 5/2000 de 12 de enero, reguladora de la responsabilidad penal de los menores, se presentó como el texto definitivo que habría de devolver la estabilidad al ámbito de la política criminal española de jóvenes y menores. Sin embargo, cuando está a punto de acabar el año en el que se celebran los cinco años de vigencia de la Ley, se ultima la que es ya la cuarta reforma que el sistema de justicia de menores español ha sufrido desde entonces. Tal y como se pone de manifiesto en este artículo, aunque los datos oficiales sobre delincuencia juvenil no evidencian un aumento significativo de las cifras, el legislador, tal y como ha declarado en el Proyecto de Ley, sí lo cree y con la intención de frenar ese aumento ha previsto modificaciones legislativas. Esos cambios han supuesto la adopción de nuevos criterios para la aplicación de las medidas y la incorporación definitiva de la víctima a un sistema que debería estar presidido exclusivamente por el interés del menor. Por otra parte, los resultados de la aplicación práctica de la Ley presentados en este artículo permiten concluir que las tendencias están cambiando y que la práctica judicial durante estos cinco años ha acabado contaminándose del clima más punitivo que parece prevalecer en toda la política criminal del país.
POPULATION CRITERIA AND BUDGETARY DETERRANT: DETERMINING FACTORS IN THE QUALITY OF THE SPANISH CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM
Authors: Bastarreche Tomás
Published: April 2021

What is the quality of justice? As Melcarne and Ramello (2019) have recently pointed out, there is no clear interaction between quality and quantity in understanding or measuring judicial performance. However, the lack of human resources is often blamed for delays in the delivery of decisions (quantity) in most judicial systems - and could in fact mean a violation of the principle of due process. However, the study shows how difficult it is to assess quality, since even quantity (in fact calculable) cannot always be a trustful variable to measure it. In Spain, it is possible to assume that penal judges work more or less the same. Yet, not all judgments have the same quality. The problem is in the District Courts (some of insufficient size) with provincial criminal jurisdiction. They constantly run the risk - and do so - of breaching the principle of judicial impartiality. This does not happen in the Spanish Supreme Court or in the large District Courts. It is a problem in the judicial performance of justice and in the Administration of Justice. Yet, there are no budgetary or even regulatory stimuli to resolve this situation. A situation that implies a breach of the principles of due process and therefore of the fundamental rights of the accused.
DNA Hybridization Detection based on Plasmonic Photonic Crystal Fiber
Authors: Azab Mohammad , Nasr Abed , Obayya Salah , Hameed Mohamed
Published: April 2021

A novel design of surface plasmon (SP) photonic crystal fiber (PCF) for DNA hybridization
detection is proposed and analyzed. The suggested biosensor relies on plasmonic D-shaped PCF configuration. Accordingly, the core guided mode in the silica core is coupled with the SP mode near the plasmonic layer. The resonance wavelength is sensitive to the DNA hybridization process. Therefore, the suggested bio-sensor is studied to maximize the DNA hybridization detection sensitivity by adjusting the structural geometrical parameters. The numerical results are obtained using full vectorial finite element method with perfectly matched layer boundary condition and non-uniform meshing capabilities. The reported D-shaped PCF offers high wavelength sensitivity of 405.4 nm/RIU with a corresponding amplitude sensitivity of 5.65 RIU−1. Consequently, the applications based on DNA classification can be potentially implemented by the reported biosensor.