bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“My! What Big Teeth You Have!”: On the Art of Being Seen and Not Eaten
Authors: Carter Jill
Published: April 2020

Just as Indigenous lands continue to be targeted for resource extraction and blighted for development, the Indigenous body is targeted for extraction and consumption. We are exoticized in life and onstage; we are researched, and our knowledge is appropriated and patented by corporate interests; our ceremonial items are displayed in museums; our sacred sites are tourist attractions; and even our most private tragedies are (when they are not swept away on a tide of erasure and wilful forgetting) produced as fodder for the edification and titillation of Canadian audiences. As performing “Others” (whether we are artists, activists, or private individuals bearing public witness to historic atrocities), how do we realize ourselves as corporeal articulations of resistance to a hegemonic entity that has been built on theft of Indigenous land and unconscionable acts of violence perpetrated on Indigenous bodies and minds without ourselves being rendered into consumable fodder to quell the colonial will to “look … to penetrate, to traverse, to know, to translate, to own and exploit” (Garneau 23)?
Renewable Relations in Make Muskrat Right
Authors: Heaney Olivia
Published: April 2020

This article analyzes two 2018 performance events organized by the Labrador Land Protectors, a grassroots collective currently advocating against the construction of a massive hydroelectric generating facility at Muskrat Falls, Labrador, through a movement that has come to be known as Make Muskrat Right. The first event, In Loving Memory, staged a mock memorial service for lost lands and culture and took place as part of the National Day of Action against Muskrat Falls in June 2018. The second event occurred at the closing ceremonies of the Muskrat Falls Symposium, held in September 2018 at Memorial University of Newfoundland. At these events, the collective experience of melancholia for that which has been lost as a result of Western energy culture foregrounded and enacted the intimacy needed for decolonial love. Taken together, the events shed light on the way relations between settlers and multiple Indigenous groups in Make Muskrat Right resist the settler fantasy of reconciliation, focusing instead on recognition, healing, and renewal through attunement and responsiveness to difference.
Queer and Now
Authors: Gillespie Benjamin
Published: April 2020

In his review of Q2Q: Queer Canadian Theatre and Performance and Q2Q: Queer Canadian Performance Texts, edited by Peter Dickinson, C. E. Gatchalian, Kathleen Oliver, and Dalbir Singh, Benjamin Gillespie argues that the Q2Q collections draw together a community that fundamentally exists through difference, and yet, at the same time, shows how these differences intertwine and tangle when set beside one another, ultimately providing a snapshot of the diverse terrain of queer performance in Canada today.
Characterization of Dissimilar Joints Between Hastelloy C276 Nickel Alloy and AISI 316L Austenitic Stainless Steel
Authors: Tümer M. , Atapek Ş. H. , Kerimak M. Z. , Uluvar F.
Published: April 2020

In this study, the microstructural features and mechanical properties of dissimilar joints between Hastelloy C276 and AISI 316L by gas tungsten arc welding were characterized. ERNiCrMo-4, a Ni-Cr-Mo based filler metal, was used and the welding was performed by multi-pass. Both macro and microstructural features of joints were examined using microscopic techniques. Macrostructural characterization revealed no defects like cracking, pores and undercuts within the joints. The microstructure of weld metal had several forms of solidified austenitic matrix and P phases embedded in dendritic structure. Partially melted zones were observed at the fusion line between the weld metal and AISI 316L and grain growth was determined within the fusion line between the weld metal and Hastelloy C276. In mechanical characterization, not only the variation of hardness but also mechanical properties under tensile and impact loadings were investigated as a function of microstructural features of the joint. The hardness profile throughout the dissimilar joint had a gradual increase from AISI 316L to Hastelloy C276, both having polygonal grains and hardness values of the weld metal strongly affected its solidified form. Due to the superior mechanical properties of Hastelloy C276, failure under tensile loading occurred within AISI 316L. Under impact loading, heat affected zone of Hastelloy C276 showed the highest impact strength.
Abordaje del abuso sexual infantil
Authors: Fung Fallas Michelle Pamela , Medina Correas Natalia Verónica , Quesada Musa Cristina
Published: April 2020

El abuso sexual infantil es un problema con alta prevalencia tanto en Costa Rica como a nivel mundial. El mismo puede presentarse con cambios en el comportamiento, signos externos al examen físico, o bien ser silencioso y revelarse por medio de la divulgación por parte de la víctima. El médico y demás personal de salud deben desempeñar una serie de diversas funciones para abordar estos casos, entre ellas diagnosticar el abuso y descartar diagnósticos diferenciales, informar a los servicios de protección infantil, evaluar y tratar las posibles infecciones de transmisión sexual, brindar apoyo y tranquilidad a los niños y sus familias, así como aconsejar a los padres y niños sobre formas de ayudar a mantenerse a salvo del abuso sexual. De esta forma, se logra una intervención integral de la víctima y su entorno que favorezca un mejor pronóstico.
Enfermedades de transmisión sexual en la atención primaria
Authors: Malpartida Ampudia Margarita Karol
Published: April 2020

Las enfermedades de trasmisión sexual son síndromes clínicos causados por diversos patógenos. El contagio es de persona a otra durante una relación sexual que puede o no haber penetración, los síntomas de las enfermedades de transmisión sexual no siempre son obvios, y van a depender de su etiología, por esta razón se pueden ser no tratadas, desencadenando complicaciones irreparables como infertilidad, lesiones en órganos, determinados tipos de cáncer o la muerte. El tratamiento dependerá de la etiología, condición y fase de la enfermedad, este debe ir dirigido no solo a la persona infectada sino a la pareja, es por ello que esta infección se debe de ver de manera familiar  global y comunitaria.
Influencia de la enfermedad de Alzheimer en los sistemas de neurotransmisión sináptica
Authors: Álvarez Castillo Andrey , Rodríguez Alfaro José Mario , Salas Boza Alicia
Published: April 2020

La enfermedad de Alzheimer representa la demencia más frecuente a nivel mundial. Se caracteriza por ser una patología neurodegenerativa con una fisiopatología compleja en la que múltiples factores están implicados. Dado que el principal órgano afectado es el cerebro, suele manifestarse con alteraciones cognitivas, conductuales y funcionales, así como, alteraciones histopatológicas que conllevan a que los niveles de algunos de los principales neurotransmisores se vean afectados, lo cual, puede aportar información sobre la enfermedad y el estado del paciente. Además, debido a que la enfermedad puede comenzar mucho tiempo antes de que se presenten los primeros síntomas, la variación en los diferentes neurotransmisores podría facilitar información al momento de realizar un diagnóstico o valorar la evolución de la enfermedad.
SISTEM PERTANIAN TERPADU DENGAN SISTEM KANDANG PADDOCK UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PENDAPATAN
Authors: Saragih Evi Warintan
Published: April 2020

Abstract

               Integrated farming system is a combination of two or more agriculture activities in the same areal. Papuan people who lived in Bremi village have agriculture systems where planting plant and raising an animal are two different activities and shoud be in the different place. This agriculture system cause many problems such as social conflict and environmental problem Integrated farming system with paddock cage and rotation system is new agriculture concept for Papuan. This new concept could become an alternative solution to the problem and expected to increase the income. Integration of poultry and vegetable farming with paddock system may become a solution to social conflict and environmental problems that occur in the Bremi village. The intergated farming system have many benefit such us reduced tension between farmer,  avoid shifting cultivation system that protect the forest and increase the income. 

 

 

 

Abstrak

Sistem pertanian terpadu adalah penggabungan kegiatan peternakan dan pertanian secara bersama dalam satu lahan. Sistem ini bukan merupakan hal baru bagi masyarakat asli Papua, namun konsep pengelolaan dua aktivitas (peternakan dan peternakan) dalam satu lahan merupakan inovasi baru bagi masyarakat. Konsep lama sistem pertanian bagi masyakat di Kampung Bremi, Kabupaten Manokwari adalah pemeliharaan ternak terpisah dengan kegiatan pertanian, namun sisa limbah pertanian dimanfaatkan sebagai pakan ternak. Konsep pertanian seperti ini menyebakan beberapa masalah di masyarakat seperti konflik sosial, lingkungan dan ekonomi yang terbatas. Kombinasi peternakan ayam kampung dengan tanaman sayuran dengan kandang paddock memungkinkan aktivitas pemeliharaan ayam kampung dan penanaman sayuran dilakukan secara rotasi di lahan dan waktu yang sama. Hal ini juga merupakan salah satu altenatif pemecahan masalah yang ada di masyarakat di Kampung Bremi. Keuntungan dengan sistem pertanian terpadu mencakup mengurnagi konflik peternak dengan petani sayuran, mengurangi perambahan hutan dengan sistem pertanian menetap dan meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat dari sektor pertanian dan peternakan.
EFEKTIVITAS LUBANG RESAPAN ORGANOPORI DALAM MENAHAN LAJU EROSI DAN STABILITAS EKOLOGI TANAH PADA ALIRAN DAS CITARUM, DUSUN TUJUH, DESA MULYASEJATI, KABUPATEN KARAWANG, JAWA BARAT
Authors: Rahmayanti Fetty Dwi , Diana Tungga Buana , Husni Husni
Published: April 2020

Tujuh Village is geographically intersected with Citarum watersheds and according to the Regional Government of West Java Province (2019); this village is one of the areas prioritized by the government to become a land and water conservation area in the national program of "Citarum Harum". Tujuh Village has the characteristics of an uneven and hilly region with relatively dry mineral soil and limited water availability that will experience drought in a number of places during dry season. The objectives of this community service program are (1) providing knowledge to farmers regarding soil and water conservation techniques using Organopore Infiltration Hole and (2) controlling organic waste from agricultural activities. One of the solutions to overcome the environmental and biophysical problems that occur in Tujuh Village is by making an Organopore Infiltration Hole. The principle of this organopore hole is almost the same as the Biopore Infiltration Hole, which is making a vertical hole with a diameter of 10 cm and a depth of 0-100 cm. The difference is that this organopore hole uses a basket made of wire to collect organic waste that will be made into natural compost within the hole that can improve soil ecological stability. The research was implemented by adopting the Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) approach, which allows sub-district communities to share, improve and analyze their knowledge regarding village conditions and life, as well as plan and perform concrete actions.
Establishing Precedents: Women’s Student Activism and Social Change in the (Canadian) National Union of Students, 1972-1979
Authors: Moses Nigel Roy
Published: April 2020

I provide an account of young women’s activism in the (Canadian) National Union of Students from the time that the national student organization reformed in 1972 to the signing of the National Union of Students’ (NUS) Declaration of the Rights of the Woman Student in 1979. I focus on the problems NUS women faced, the solutions and organization structures they devised and how they helped shape and transform the social organization of NUS. Through the lens of social action theory, I identify the social agency of women students in student movements, the knowledge of which has implications for understanding women’s movements and social change processes more generally. By uncovering the social activism of women students, this work makes an important contribution to the historiography of 1970s Canadian women’s movements, which so far has ignored young women’s contributions to the demarginalization of women and the production of society.
Les Amérindiens domiciliés et le protestantisme au XVIIIe siècle : Eleazar Wheelock et le Dartmouth College
Authors: Sawaya Jean-Pierre
Published: April 2020

Cet article étudie les stratégies élaborées au XVIIIe siècle par Eleazar Wheelock, le président fondateur du Dartmouth College, pour diffuser le protestantisme dans la vallée du Saint-Laurent et la participation des Amérindiens au projet presbytérien dans la province de Québec. En 1772, Wheelock forge une singulière alliance avec des chefs amérindiens pour introduire des missionnaires et des séminaristes dans les communautés autochtones puis recruter des enfants pour les éduquer et les instruire à Hanover (New Hampshire). Malgré les tentatives du clergé catholique-romain pour contrôler ces échanges, les Iroquois, les Abénaquis et les Hurons collaborent. Les protestants s’installent à Kahnawake et Odanak pour apprendre les langues et les coutumes indiennes, instaurent une école pour y enseigner l’anglais et prêcher l’Évangile et recrutent des enfants pour le premier pensionnat fréquenté par les Amérindiens du Québec, l’école industrielle et résidentielle de la Moor’s Indian Charity School du Dartmouth College.

This article examines the strategies developed by Eleazar Wheelock, the founding president of Dartmouth College, to spread Protestantism in the St. Laurence Valley and secure Aboriginal support for Presbyterianism in Quebec. In 1772, Wheelock forged a unique alliance with Aboriginal leaders that permitted the entry of missionaries and seminarians into their communities and the recruitment of children for education and religious instruction in Hanover, New Hampshire. Despite attempts by the Roman Catholic clergy to control these exchanges, the Iroquois, the Abenakis, and the Hurons all collaborated with Wheelock. Protestants settled in Kahnawake and Odanak to learn Aboriginal languages and customs and established a school to teach English, preach the Gospel, and recruit children for the first boarding school attended by Quebec Aboriginals, Moor’s Indian Charity School at Dartmouth College.
Education During the American Occupation of Haiti, 1915-1934
Authors: Angulo A.J.
Published: April 2020

This paper seeks to contribute to this line of research by examining America's first occupation of Haiti from 1915-1934. As with the occupations of Cuba, the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and the Dominican Republic, the U.S. installed a military government in Haiti. American military officials had virtually complete control over the operations of a parallel, client Haitian government. Unlike other occupations, however, this story begins, ends, and is shot-through with educational concerns. It begins with lessons about Haiti taken by the Woodrow Wilson administration shortly before the U.S. invasion in 1915. The consultants they turned to for advice--particularly captains of the American financial industry with large investments in Haiti--significantly colored the way they approached the country's problems and potential. The story ends with Haitian protests over U.S. imposed educational reforms, protests that spread, intensified, and led to the end of the American occupation in 1934.
Liberation and Universality: Women in Luke’s Gospel
Authors: Awwad Johnny B.
Published: April 2020

It has long been observed that Luke’s Gospel shows greater interest in women than any other New Testament writing. The observation is based on the frequent mention of, or reference to, women not only in the narrative of Luke’s Gospel – which recounts the story of Jesus’ birth, public ministry, death, resurrection, and ascension – but also its sequel the Book of Acts which recounts the story of the movement of the good news of salvation from Jewish territory to the ends of the Gentile world mainly through the labor of Peter and Paul under the guidance of the Holy Spirit.
Off the Straight Path: Illicit Sex, Law and Community in Ottoman Aleppo / Living Palestine. Family Survival, Resistance, and Mobility under Occupation
Authors: Fay Mary Ann , Moors Annelies
Published: April 2020

Off the Straight Path: Illicit Sex, Law and Community in Ottoman AleppoElyse Semerdjian’s Off the Straight Path: Illicit Sex, Law and Community in Ottoman Aleppo is a pioneering study of sexual crime and punishment during the Ottoman period based on records in the archives of the Islamic courts of Aleppo, Syria. Her work straddles several disciplines including women’s history, social history, and Islamic legal studies and makes significant contributions to each. Her subject of research is zina, which has multiple meanings including adultery, prostitution, procurement, sodomy, bestiality, and rape. Each of these are serious crimes under Islamic law that could result in draconian punishments including stoning. Living Palestine. Family Survival, Resistance, and Mobility under OccupationWhereas much academic work on Palestine focuses on the political, the central theme of this book, in contrast, is the social reproduction of Palestinian society. Zeroing in on the everyday lived experiences of Palestinians under occupation, it analyses the strategies of households and families, and their individual members, to improve their chances for survival and social mobility. This bookdoes not only highlight how families and households cope with ongoing processes of dispossession and repression, but also points to the limits of such endurance. More specifically, it underlines that certain households – the urban and rural poor and the refugees living in the camps, and certain family members – the young, the female, bear the brunt.
‘Mic Check. Can You Hear Me?’ Suheir Hammad and the Politics of Spoken Word Poetry
Authors: Pickens Theri Alyce
Published: April 2020

“Mic check? One-two. One-two. Can you hear me?” asks spoken-word artist and poet Suheir Hammad onstage (Lathan, 2007). Make no mistake about this question; it is not part of the sound check, nor is it part of a rehearsal. This is her poem. The audience can obviously hear her, but the question is not as straightforward as it appears. Here, Hammad blends the art of emcee-ing (one of the four main elements of hip-hop culture), with the typical language of a sound check and her experience of being racially profiled in, presumably, an American airport. In this vein, “mic” is not only short for microphone, but also the name of the United States’ Transportation Security Administration (TSA) officer, named “Mike”, who searches her bags. The question, “Can you hear me?”, is directed not only at the audience, but also at “Mike”. Hammad’s double speak continues throughout the poem, “Mic Check”, where she mobilizes the language of hip-hop to promulgate a stringent critique of the links between the United States’ historical relationship to imperialism and racial profiling targeted toward Arabs and those who supposedly appear Arab.
The Cinematic Gaze as Social Activism: Yamina Benguigui from Documentary to Fiction
Authors: Caporale Marzia
Published: April 2020

The critical doxa on postcolonial filmmaking agrees that, for the past two decades, female directors in France have been using cinema to reflect on issues of transnational identity and to subvert cultural stereotypes relating to gender and race. In an article titled “Le Colonial Féminin”, Catherine Portuges (1996) notes that “French women filmmakers are calling into question France’s ambivalent relationship to its colonial past in cinematic projects that focalize first-person, introspective autobiographical narratives” (p. 81). Additionally, in her own work on Maghrebi-French women’s films, Carrie Tarr (2003) observes that, since the mid 1980s, female directors have been raising important questions about immigrant women’s identities, particularly “in relation to the patriarchal values of the Algerian immigrant family” (p. 325).
The Teacher as Performer and Activist in Assia Djebar’s “La femme en morceaux”
Authors: Jones Christa
Published: April 2020

Francophone literature from the Maghreb has been characterized as littérature d’urgence by Maghrebian novelists and critics alike, a term that has also been used by Assia Djebar (Bonn & Boualit, 1999; Chaulet-Achour, 1998; Djebar & Trouillet, 2006). In Sartrian terms, it is a littérature engagée, writing that takes a political stance by addressing a variety of critical societal issues, including female oppression, patriarchy, education, religion, terrorism, mono-versus multi-linguism, and violence – in this case the murder of a French teacher in 1990s Algeria. In keeping with postcolonial theory, it is also a literature of resistance and rebellion by taking up the cause of Arab women writers, many of whom have fought to make themselves heard in what remain largely patriarchal societies that view women writers with suspicion (Ireland, 2001; Segarra, 1997; Morsly & Mernissi, 1994). I propose to explore the political, societal, and educational stances played out in “La femme en morceaux” (1996), a piece of Assia Djebar’s collection of short stories titled Oran, Langue Morte.
Painting in America as an Arab-American after 9/11: One Artist’s View
Authors: Zughaib Helen
Published: April 2020

The tragic events of 9/11 changed everything. I realize that this sentiment has been expressed many times and with regards to many different situations both in America and the Arab world. As a Lebanese-American artist living in Washington, DC, before and during 9/11, that day’s events served as a benchmark for me and my work, marking both an end and a beginning.
E-mails from Scheherazad
Authors: Harb Sirène
Published: April 2020

In her poetry, Mohja Kahf skillfully weaves details from her lived reality with a global, transnational vision. She challenges stereotypes about Muslim women, the Arab world, America, and the Middle East, in a style marked by humor, anger, and confrontation. In addition to her poetry collection,E-mails from Scheherazad, Kahf is the author of one novel, short stories, creative non-fiction,essays, and literary criticism. Kahf also contributes poems and essays to the web site MuslimWakeUp!
Film Screening: Maid in Lebanon II / Global Ministries - Prison Project
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: April 2020

Maid in Lebanon IIThe Institute for Migration Studies, The Institute for Women’s Studies in the Arab World, and The Institute of Diplomacy and Conflict Transformation of the Lebanese American University in collaboration with The Regional Office for Arab States of the International Labour Organization organized the screening of Maid in Lebanon II: Voices from Home directed by Carol Mansour at LAU’s Irwin Hall. Global Ministries - Prison ProjectBelieving in its mission of empowering Arab women and extending a helping hand to marginalized women, the Institute for Women’s Studies in the Arab World has provided fortytwo incarcerated women in Tripoli Prison with mattresses, pillows, pillow cases, blankets, and bed sheets on January 19th, 2009.
Sunset Boulevard By Way of Wadi Shahrour: A Psychological Profile of Our National Norma Desmond
Authors: Oueini Ahmad
Published: April 2020

In biology, senescence is the state or process of aging, the inevitable stage that marks our later life, and that is invariably accompanied by deterioration in certain areas of functioning.Although aging is common to all mortals, there is a morbid fascination with how it affects celebrities, particularly women who have made a career out of looking beautiful, set many fashion trends, and left indelible marks on the arts and in the field of entertainment.
Fear and Laughing in the Occupied Territories: Comedienne Maysoon Zayid Transforms Lives
Authors: Mahdawi Dalila
Published: April 2020

A young woman takes a seat before the microphone, flicks her hair, and surveys her audience. Shaking slightly, she introduces herself, “My name is Maysoon Zayid and I’m a Palestinian Muslim virgin with cerebral palsy from New Jersey… and if you don’t feel better about yourself, maybe you should!”The crowd roars. Maysoon Zayid certainly ticks all the minority boxes in both the Arab and American worlds. She seems to derive strength from these apparent weaknesses, however, and successfully incorporates them into her career as one of the best Arab-American stand-up comedians. At a time when so many of her Arab-American cousins are trying hard to be taken seriously, perhaps Maysoon’s willingness to ridicule her identity is what makes her so successful.
Time Goes One Way - Against the Classification of Arts
Authors: Khoury Joelle
Published: April 2020

I was asked, on the occasion of a conference on the theme of free expression in music, as composer and performer of non-commercial/non-traditional music, and as a woman composer, to speak about the following topics: women composers and/or modernity versus tradition in Lebanon. Although both these topics are pertinent, they are mere parts of a broader topic, namely, what makesan individual, and what is the importance of individuality in art. For surely when we speak offreedom we speak of individual freedom.
Conference on: “The Status of Gender Research in Denmark and the Arab Region” - January 14-16, 2008
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: April 2020

The Institute for Women’s Studies in the Arab World (IWSAW) at the LebaneseAmerican University (LAU) and the Danish Center for Information on Women and Gender (KVINFO) held a conference entitled: “The Status of Gender Research in Denmark and the Arab Region”.
A Girl and Her Room, by Rania Matar
Authors: Shafiei Mehrnoush
Published: April 2020

A Girl and Her Room, by Rania Matar, New York: Umbrage Editions, 2012.
Exploring Identity Changes of Sudanese Refugee Women in Cairo: Liminality and the Frustrating Struggle between Stability and Change
Authors: Mahmoud Hala W.
Published: April 2020

Kunz (1973) argued that refugees are a distinct social type, whereas Coker (2004) referred to Victor Turner’s (1967) influential work on liminality to highlight the inherent ‘transitional’ nature of a refugee’s identity. It is an identity that is essentially liminal – a state characterized by ambiguity, openness, and indeterminacy. Refugees are faced with the loss of patterns that sustained previously established identities and new factors that require effective adaptation and identity transformations. The interplay between these factors results in tremendous identity struggles. Not surprisingly, identity confusion is one of the most common stressors facing refugees (Baker, 1983; Stein, 1986).
Transforming the Economic Conversation in the Arab Region
Authors: Omeira Mansour
Published: April 2020

The Arab uprisings have laid bare the abyss between the rhetoric and reality of the dominant development paradigm in the region. It is widely agreed that socioeconomic discontent was a major cause of the uprisings. An early slogan raised at the start of the uprising in Tunisia was “employment is a right, you gang of thieves”. The slogan contrasted the denied universal right to employment with the actual accumulation of illicit privileges by a narrow minority.
Nazira Zeineddine: A Pioneer of Islamic Feminism, by Miriam Cooke
Authors: Booth Marilyn
Published: April 2020

Nazira Zeineddine: A Pioneer of Islamic Feminism, by Miriam Cooke
Combating Gender-Based Violence in the Arab World
Authors: Saba Rita A.
Published: April 2020

In the Arab world today the movement to eradicate gender-based violence is focusing on eliminating gender inequality and on addressing social, legal, and familial relationships that condone violence. Non-governmental organizations and other partners in civil society are drafting and proposing amendments to present laws that will help eliminate gender inequality and provide the opportunity to rethink and reconstruct social relationships in the region. However, when I set out to explore this work in Lebanon it became clear that the calls for state implementation of laws targeted at eliminating violence against women on the ground are caught up in a process of translation that must address a number of complex and sometimes conflicting concerns. This is clearly reflected in the section where the controversy over the draft law aimed at protecting women from family violence is discussed.
Murder with Impunity: The Construction of Arab Masculinities and Honor Crimes
Authors: Jaber May Abu
Published: April 2020

Violence against women (VAW) continues to exist as a pervasive, structural,systematic, and institutionalized violation of women’s basic human rights (UNDivision of Advancement for Women, 2006). It cuts across the boundaries of age, race, class, education, and religion which affect women of all ages and all backgrounds in every corner of the world. Such violence is used to control and subjugate women by instilling a sense of insecurity that keeps them “bound to the home, economically exploited and socially suppressed” (Mathu, 2008, p. 65). It is estimated that one out of every five women worldwide will be abused during her lifetime with rates reaching up to 70 percent in some countries (WHO, 2005). Whether this abuse is perpetrated by the state and its agents, by family members, or even by strangers, VAW is closely related to the regulation of sexuality in a gender specific (patriarchal) manner. This regulation is, on the one hand, maintained through the implementation of strict cultural, communal, and religious norms, and on the other hand, through particular legal measures that sustain these norms. Therefore, religious institutions, the media, the family/tribe, cultural networks, and the legal system continually disciplinewomen’s sexuality and punish those women (and in some instances men) who have transgressed or allegedly contravened the social boundaries of ‘appropriateness’ as delineated by each society. Such women/men may include lesbians/gays, women who appear ‘too masculine’ or men who appear ‘too feminine,’ women who try to exercise their rights freely or men who do not assert their rights as ‘real men’ should, women/men who have been sexually assaulted or raped, and women/men who challenge male/older male authority.
Structural Violence and Human Trafficking: Migrant Domestic Workers in Lebanon
Authors: Hamill Kathleen
Published: April 2020

Human trafficking and its link to migrant domestic labor in the Arab region is acomplex, sensitive, and challenging issue. It raises numerous questions and demands further exploration. Under international law human trafficking consists of the recruitment, transfer, or receipt of human beings by coercive or deceptive means for purposes of exploitation. This legal definition is relevant to migrant domestic workers, and the present analysis seeks to address human trafficking for labor exploitation in particular. The primary objective is to identify and analyze the key factors that make migrant domestic workers vulnerable to human trafficking within the specific context of Lebanon. These key factors include the sponsorship system, the recruitment process, and the lack of labor protection and legal redress; each one will be addressed in turn.In the process, the present analysis will also highlight structural violence that subjects migrant women to systemic oppression and increases their vulnerability to human trafficking.
Gender and Citizenship in the Arab World
Authors: Joseph Suad
Published: April 2020

This paper investigates the impact of cultural and gender systems in the production of the unequal relationships of Arab women and men to the laws and practices of citizenship. I analyze key laws, social practices, and institutions through which citizenship in Arab states has privileged a masculine citizen. Given that citizenship is mandatory in the modern “nation-state” (Zubaida, 1988), it is striking to observe the reality that the modern “nation-state” has mandated a masculine citizen. Many of the issues affecting the gendering of citizenship in Arab countries appear to be specific to Arab states. Many are shared within the Middle Eastern region. Other issues are similar to patterns found in Third World countries. And some appear to be common to state societies in general. We need to both challenge the misplaced assumptions of cultural homogeneity in the Arab world, as well as sharply identify the patterns which are specific to the gendering of citizenship in Arab states. Therefore, while the focus of this paper is the gendering of citizenship in Arab states, it is my aim to contribute towards the comparative study of processes, which lead to the gendering of citizenship in order both to deessentialize Arab cultures and to understand their specificities.
Fact Sheet - Nationality Law
Authors: House Freedom
Published: April 2020

The information in this fact sheet is taken from the country profiles published in the book Women’s Rights in the MiddleEast and North Africa: Citizenship and Justice published by Freedom House (www.freedomhouse.org). Reprinted withpermission from Freedom House.
Draft Law to Create the Green Card and Responses / Yet Another Modest Proposal
Authors: American University Lebanese , Prescott-Decie Brian
Published: April 2020

Draft Law to Create the Green CardThe following article is the translated text of the Green Card draft law endorsed by Member of Parliament Neematallah Abi Nasr and submitted to the Minister of Justice Ibrahim Najjar for review. Yet Another Modest ProposalWhen Jonathan Swift published his satirical essay “A Modest Proposal for Preventing the Children of Poor People in Ireland from Being a Burden to Their Parents or Country, and for Making Them Beneficial to the Public” in 1729, he little knew that he was starting a chain of events that would in time become a common pastime – the writing of “Modest Proposals” on a vast range of subjects. Member of Parliament Neematallah Abi Nasr recently offered his own “modest proposal” with regard to the issue of Nationality Law in Lebanon, to wit that the state should offer the families of Lebanese women a Green Card similarto the system normally practiced in the USA and elsewhere in the western world.
The Lebanese Woman Is Half Citizen until Further Notice
Authors: Jamal Mutayyam
Published: April 2020

“Lebanon is a parliamentary democratic republic based on respect for public liberties, especially the freedom of opinion and belief, and respect for social justice and equality of rights and duties among all citizens without discrimination.” This is stipulated in the third clause of the introduction of the Lebanese Constitution which summarizes all great human values such as freedom, rights, justice, and equality. It is further supported by article 7 of the Constitution whereby “All Lebanese are equal before the law. They equally enjoy civil and political rights and equally are bound by public obligationsand duties without any distinction”. However, an observer can describe the situation as follows: Not all Lebanese are equal before the law. Social justice is linked to many cultural, sectarian, class, and social criteria, and there is flagrant discrimination against some groups of citizens and preference for some other groups, with a huge difference in civilrights.
Arab Women, Family, and Labor Market Participation
Authors: Sugita Seiko , Hammoud Hassan
Published: April 2020

The Arab region is currently witnessing more social transformation at all levels of society than ever before, due to the demographic growth, expanded ethnic and sectarian conflicts, accelerated urbanization, global economy, and education, together with changing modes of information and communication. Despite continuous efforts by the state, public institutions, civil society, and private actors, social justice remains a challenge and social policies are not fully responding to the social transformations of the region. Re-thinking the role of the state in social development in the Arab region in the double crisis of neo-liberalism and global finance world-wide and specifically in the context of the Arab region is a challenging task.
Highly Valued by Both Sexes: Activists, Anthr/apologists, and Female Genital Mutilation
Authors: Levin Tobe
Published: April 2020

Review of Hernlund, Ylva and Bettina Shell-Duncan, Eds. Transcultural Bodies. Female Genital Cutting in Global Context. New Brunswick: Rutgers UP, 2007.
Gender Quotas and Parliamentary Representation
Authors: El-Helou Marguerite
Published: April 2020

Any reader of my first published research on the political participation of Lebanese women can easily detect my vehement opposition to the principle of gender quota and its implementation in Lebanon. As a newcomer to research on women’s political empowerment, I lacked in-depth knowledge of the intricacies of the obstacles that faced, and continue to face, Lebanese women who have political aspirations.
Gender Quotas in Clientelist Systems: The Case of Morocco’s National List
Authors: Liddell James
Published: April 2020

The use of parliamentary quotas to increase women’s political participation has gained a lot of traction in women’s empowerment discourse. Women’s movements worldwide have been working hard to make progress in ensuring a more equal representation of women in parties and parliament alike. So far during this decade, Morocco has emerged as one of the leading models for increasing women’s rights in the Arab world. In 2002, an informal agreement among political parties to establish a gender quota for women in parliament quickly gave Morocco one of the highest levels of women’s representation in the Arab region. Just two years later, women’s groups celebrated one of their greatest victories with the reform of the family code, moudawana, in 2004. Both of these events coincided with an increase in the number of women in positions of power.
Nasawiya: A New Faction in the Women’s Movement
Authors: El Hage Dandy
Published: April 2020

This article is extracted from an M.A. thesis entitled “Transnational Activism in Lebanon Women’s Movement: Between Fitna, Fawda, and Feminism” prepared by Sandy El-Hage and submitted as part of the requirements of the Master of Arts in International Affairs at the School of Arts and Sciences, the Lebanese American University. The following excerpt focuses on the creation of Nasawiya, a collective of feminists (women and men) working on gender justice and striving to challenge all forms of gender oppression in Lebanon and the Arab world, and the alternative discourse it offers.
God’s Will
Authors: (Reprinted with permission) Meem
Published: April 2020

I was 17 when I came out to myself as a lesbian. I had always felt that there was something odd about my sexuality, but it wasn’t until I was 17 that I was able to tell myself: I am a lesbian. As soon as I came out to myself, I desperately wanted to come out to my mother. We were in Saudi Arabia at the time and I browsed through gay websites and wondered what my mother would say about them. We are very close, my mom and I. We never kept secrets from each other. I was always open and honest with her about everything. I never attempted to hide my boyish qualities or to tell her that I didn’t want to get married when I grew up.
Escaped from the Harem, Trapped in the Orient: An analysis of the multiple gazes in Nadine Labaki’s movie Where Do We Go Now?
Authors: Kokko Anna
Published: April 2020

Throughout history, the majority of artists have been men, and quite often the women in their works have been featured as passive objects of male sexual desire. This sort of one-sided dynamic is ubiquitous; it can be detected in the vast majority of Western nude paintings, and even modern advertisements tend to conform to the same pattern (Berger, 1977). As a consequence, feminist discourse of the representation of women in visual culture has focused on the concept of male gaze. However, the proliferation of images in modern times has given rise to a “broad array of gazes and implied viewers” (Sturken, 2005, p. 87). Women are no longer simply objectified, nor is the business of directing the gaze relegated to solely a male domain.
Smoking and COVID-19: Rapid evidence review for the Royal College of Physicians, London (UK)
Authors: Simons David , Brown Jamie , Shahab Lion , Perski Olga
Published: April 2020

SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of COVID-19, an emergent zoonotic disease which has reached pandemic levels and is designated a public health emergency of international concern by the World Health Organisation. Early data suggest that older age, male sex and a diagnosis of hypertension or diabetes independently increase the risk of hospitalisation and death from COVID-19; however, the biological mechanisms underpinning these associations are currently unclear. The SARS-CoV-2 virus enters human cells through the ACE2 receptor. Current and past tobacco smoking is associated with changes in the ACE2 receptor expression, hypertension, diabetes and worse outcomes following other viral infections. It is hence plausible that smoking is an independent risk factor for hospitalisation and death from COVID-19. Here, we review available evidence for an association between smoking status and hospitalisation for COVID-19. We highlight concerns regarding the quality of available data and call for more systematic collection of smoking status in future studies.
Effect of Zero herbicide and methods of autumn tillage on yield and formation of the photosynthetic apparatus of oil flax varieties
Authors: Goreeva Vera , Galiev Ramis , Korepanova Elena , Fatykhov Ildus
Published: April 2020

Abstract. The purpose of the research was to identify the effect of the Zero herbicide introduced after harvesting the predecessor, the methods of autumn tillage on the productivity, photosynthetic activity of oil flax plants of the varieties VNIIMK 620 and Severnyy. Research Methods. Studies on the tasks were carried out in 2016–2018 in the pilot plots of JSC “Uchkhoz Iyul’skoye Izhevskaya GSKHA” according to generally accepted methods. The previous crop for oil flax in the crop rotation was winter triticale. The experiments were laid on sod-podzolic medium loamy soil. Results. It was revealed that the Zero continuous herbicide introduced after harvesting the precursor contributed to an increase of 0.6 c/ha or 7.0 % in seed yield, relative to the yield in variants without herbicide. The autumn tillage of KN-4, PLN-4-35, BDT-3 soil ensured an increase in the yield of seeds of oil flax varieties VNIIMK 620 and Severnyy 1.8–3.2 c/ha or 23.1–41.0 %, respectively, relative to the similar indicator in options without chaffing tillage. Subsurface autumn tillage of KN-4 soil in terms of seed yield of oil flax varieties VNIIMK 620 (10.8–11.3 c/ha) and Severnyy (10.3‒11.3 c/ha) was not inferior to seed yield (10.7–10.9 c/ha and 10.9–11.3 c/ha, respectively) in the variant with dump processing PLN-4-35. Small tillage BDT-3 reduced seed yield by 1.4‒1.6 c/ha (13‒15 %) in the variety VNIIMK 620 and by 1.4‒1.8 c/ha (12‒16 %) in the variety Northern, in comparison with productivity in options with KN-4 or PLN-4-35. The treatment of the stubble of the precursor with the Zero continuous herbicide contributed to an increase of 0.7 thousand m2/ha of the area of leaves of oil flax varieties in the flowering phase, photosynthetic potential (FP) by 41 thousand m2×day/ha during the growing season, relative to similar parameters in the options no herbicide. The highest AF during the growing season of plants of oil flax varieties was formed in the variants with autumn tillage KN-4 and PLN-4-35, which significantly exceeded the similar indicator by 97–375 thousand m2×day/ha for VNIIMK 620 and 84–423 thousand m2×day/ha for the Severnyy variety in the control variant. Scientific novelty. In the conditions of the Middle Cis-Urals, for the first time, effective techniques for autumn tillage of sod-podzolic medium loamy soil in the technology of cultivating flax varieties of oilseed VNIIMK 620 and Severnyy were revealed. The effect of Zero herbicide, methods of heap, subsurface, small chaffinch tillage on the yield and photo-synthetic activity of oil flax varieties was established.
El principio ético y la crisis de 2008: hacia una reorganización del sistema
Authors: Orduna Díez Luis
Published: April 2020

El autor invoca el “principio ético”, entendido como lo esencial en el carácter social del hombre y como condición fundamental de la conducta humana que obliga a todos los hombres a obrar conforme a la “justicia según la recta razón”. La “recta razón” suministra “normas de conducta” susceptibles de validez general en sus aplicaciones prácticas y confiere a todos los seres humanos una “capacidad de juicio” común a todos ellos. El “principio ético” eleva a todos los seres humanos a una categoría superior a todo lo creado que confiere a cada persona una “igual dignidad”; ambos proporcionan luz para juzgar la realidad social de nuestro tiempo y para discernir sobre las diversas situaciones que pueden producirse en relación con la aplicación y cumplimiento de los Derechos Humanos, especialmente en los momentos más graves que afloran cíclicamente en el sistema capitalista mundial: las “crisis cíclicas”. Sentadas las anteriores premisas, el autor analiza brevemente las causas de la “crisis económica actual” en sus aspectos conceptuales e históricos.
15–M. Apuntes para el análisis de un movimiento en construcción
Authors: Sanz Jesús , Mateos Óscar
Published: April 2020

El movimiento 15–M está suponiendo una importante novedad en el panorama político y social. Este artículo tiene como objetivo aproximarse a su origen, así como a algunas de sus principales características. Asimismo, se analizan los factores contextuales que explican su emergencia y se hace un acercamiento a las principales novedades que este movimiento entraña en términos de transformaciones políticas y de acción colectiva. Se destacan también cuestiones tales como el repertorio de formas de movilización empleadas, el papel que ha jugado Internet en la amplificación de la protesta, las formas de organización surgidas en torno al movimiento, el lenguaje empleado o sus formas de deliberación y de construcción de sus propuestas de acción. Finalmente, el artículo termina con una reflexión sobre los escenarios de futuro existentes sobre dicho movimiento.
Un proceso de toma de conciencia y de compromiso de la ciudadanía
Authors: Vizcaíno Callejón Mayte
Published: April 2020

Sanar un mundo herido: Secretariado para la Justicia Social y la Ecología, de la Compañía de Jesús

Este informe ha aparecido íntegro en la versión electrónica de la revista Promotio iustititae nº 106 (2011/2). Aquí ofrecemos un extracto de la parte introductoria, precedido de dos comentarios introductorios debidos a Mayte Vizcaino y a Leandro Sequeiros que ayudan a contextualizar el documento.
"Revolución en las finanzas. Los grandes cambios en las ideas. Represión y liberalización financiera"
Authors: López Martín Mª del Carmen
Published: April 2020

Reseña de la obra de: TORRERO MAÑAS, A. (2008), Revolución en las finanzas. Los grandes cambios en las ideas. Represión y liberalización financiera. Madrid, Editorial Marcial Pons, 287 Págs.