bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electrophysiological characteristics of non-pulmonary vein triggers excluding origins from the superior vena cava and left atrial posterior wall: Lessons from the self-reference mapping technique
Authors: Matsunaga-Lee Yasuharu , Egami Yasuyuki , Matsumoto Sen , Masunaga Nobutaka , Ukita Kohei , Kawamura Akito , Nakamura Hitoshi , Matsuhiro Yutaka , Yasumoto Koji , Tsuda Masaki , Okamoto Naotaka , Yano Masamichi , Takano Yuzuru , Sakata Yasushi , Nishino Masami , Tanouchi Jun
Published: April 2022

Background

The detailed electrophysiological characteristics of atrial fibrillation (AF) initiating non-pulmonary vein (PV) triggers excluding origins from the superior vena cava (SVC) and left atrial posterior wall (LAPW) (Non-PV-SVC-LAPW triggers) remain unclear. This study aimed to clarify the detailed electrophysiological characteristics of non-PV-SVC-LAPW triggers.

Methods

Among 446 AF ablation procedures at 2 institutions, patients with reproducible AF initiating non-PV-SVC-LAPW triggers were retrospectively enrolled. The trigger origin was mapped using the self-reference mapping technique. The following electrophysiological parameters were evaluated: the voltage during sinus rhythm and at the onset of AF at the earliest activation site, coupling interval of the trigger between the prior sinus rhythm and AF trigger, and voltage change ratio defined as the trigger voltage at the onset of AF divided by the sinus voltage.

Results

Detailed electrophysiological data were obtained at 28 triggers in 21 patients. The median trigger voltage at the onset of AF was 0.16mV and median trigger coupling interval 182msec. Normal sinus voltages (≧0.5mV) were observed at 16 triggers and low voltages (<0.5mV) at 12 triggers. The voltage change ratio was significantly lower for the normal sinus voltage than low sinus voltage (0.20 vs. 0.60, p = 0.002). The trigger coupling intervals were comparable between the normal sinus voltage and low sinus voltage (170ms vs. 185ms, p = 0.353).

Conclusions

The trigger voltage at the onset of AF was low, regardless of whether the sinus voltage of the trigger was preserved or low.
Sex classification using the human sacrum: Geometric morphometrics versus conventional approaches
Authors: Krenn Viktoria A. , Webb Nicole M. , Fornai Cinzia , Haeusler Martin
Published: April 2022

The human pelvis shows marked sexual dimorphism that stems from the conflicting selective pressures of bipedal locomotion and parturition. The sacrum is thought to reflect this dimorphism as it makes up a significant portion of the pelvic girdle. However, reported sexual classification accuracies vary considerably depending on the method and reference sample (54%-98%). We aim to explore this inconsistency by quantifying sexual dimorphism and sex classification accuracies in a geographically heterogeneous sample by comparing 3D geometric morphometrics with the more commonly employed linear metric and qualitative assessments. Our sample included 164 modern humans from Africa, Europe, Asia, and America. The geometric morphometric analysis was based on 44 landmarks and 56 semilandmarks. Linear dimensions included sacral width, corpus depth and width, and the corresponding indices. The qualitative inspection relied on traditional macroscopic features such as proportions between the corpus of the first sacral vertebrae and the alae, and sagittal and coronal curvature of the sacrum. Classification accuracy was determined using linear discriminant function analysis for the entire sample and for the largest subsamples (i.e., Europeans and Africans). Male and female sacral shapes extensively overlapped in the geometric morphometric investigation, leading to a classification accuracy of 72%. Anteroposterior corpus depth was the most powerful discriminating linear parameter (83%), followed by the corpus-area index (78%). Qualitative inspection yielded lower accuracies (64–76%). Classification accuracy was higher for the Central European subsample and diminished with increasing geographical heterogeneity of the subgroups. Although the sacrum forms an integral part of the birth canal, our results suggest that its sex-related variation is surprisingly low. Morphological variation thus seems to be driven also by other factors, including body size, and sacrum shape is therefore likely under stronger biomechanical rather than obstetric selection.
Determining the appropriate level of farmyard manure biochar application in saline soils for three selected farm tree species
Authors: Bin Yousaf Muhammad Talha , Nawaz Muhammad Farrakh , Yasin Ghulam , Cheng Hefa , Ahmed Irfan , Gul Sadaf , Rizwan Muhammad , Rehim Abdur , Xuebin Qi , Ur Rahman Shafeeq
Published: April 2022

Salinity is a global problem, and almost more than 20% of the total cultivated area of the world is affected by salt stress. Phytoremediation is one of the most suitable practices to combat salinity and recently biochar has showed the tremendous potential to alleviate salt-affected soils and enhance vegetation. Trees improve the soil characteristics by facilitating the leaching of salts and releasing organic acids in soil. Moreover, in the presence of trees, higher transpiration rates and lower evaporation rates are also helpful in ameliorating salt affected soils. This study was designed to check the effect of different levels of biochar on the morph-physiological characteristics of three important agroforestry tree species: Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Vachellia nilotica, and Dalbergia sissoo, in saline soils. Farmyard manure biochar was applied at the rate of 3% (w/w), 6% (w/w), and 9% (w/w) to find appropriate levels of biochar for promoting the early-stage trees growth under saline conditions. Results of the current study revealed that maximum shoot length (104.77 cm), shoot dry weight (23.72 g), leaves dry weight (28.23 g), plant diameter (12.32 mm), root length (20.89 cm), root dry weight (18.90 g), photosynthetic rate (25.33 μ moles CO2 m-2s-1) and stomatal conductance (0.12 mol H2O m-2 s-1) were discovered in the plants of Eucalyptus camaldulensis at the rate of 6% (w/w). All tree species showed better results for growth and physiological characteristics when biochar was applied at the rate of 6% (w/w). In comparison, a decreasing trend in growth parameters was found in the excessive amount of biochar when the application rate was increased from 6% (w/w) to 9% (w/w) for all three species. So, applying an appropriate level of biochar is important for boosting plant growth in saline soils. Among different tree species, Vachellia nilotica and Eucalyptus camaldulensis both showed very promising results to remediate salt affected soils with Vachellia nilotica showing maximum potential to absorb sodium ions.
Effect of parasocial relationship on tourist’s destination attitude and visit intention
Authors: Zheng Xiang , Luo Jian Ming , Shang Ziye
Published: April 2022

Background

Along with the rapid development of the Internet, the form of destination marketing is becoming increasingly innovative and diverse. Celebrity endorsement via social media, as an effective marketing strategy, has been widely used by various tourism companies to attract and engage with their customers. Previous studies have investigated the various aspects of such endorsement (e.g. the effect of endorser’s attributes) in different contexts (e.g. Hotel, Restaurant, Airline). However, little research has focused on the influence of the tourists’ parasocial relationship with endorsers on destination marketing. Accordingly, the current study aims to explore the role of parasocial relationships on tourists’ destination attitude and visit intention.

Method

This study adopted quantitative method and conducted Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) for data analysis. 498 valid questionnaires were collected from Weibo (One of China’s most popuar social media platforms).

Results

Results suggested that endorser’s credibility positively influenced follower’s parasocial relationship (p<0.001), which in turn positively influenced destination attitude and visit intention (p<0.001). Additionally, the parasocial relationship significantly mediated the relationship between credibility and destination attitude as well as visit intention (p<0.001).

Conclusion

The emerging trend of celerbity endorsement via live-streaming makes tourism destination marketing more diverse and even effective. Through exploring the underlying mechanism of celebrity endorsement, this study can provide destination marketers with insights about how to build and strengthen the tourist’s attitude and visit intention towards destiantion by developing their parasocial relationships with endorsers. This study also adds to the literature of using Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) in tourism and hospiatlity research.
Assessing COVID-19 risk with temporal indices and geographically weighted ordinal logistic regression in US counties
Authors: Chen Vivian Yi-Ju , Park Kiwoong , Sun Feinuo , Yang Tse-Chuan
Published: April 2022

Purpose

Research on the novel coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) mainly relies on cross-sectional data, but this approach fails to consider the temporal dimension of the pandemic. This study assesses three temporal dimensions of the COVID-19 infection risk in US counties, namely probability of occurrence, duration of the pandemic, and intensity of transmission, and investigate local patterns of the factors associated with these risks.

Methods

Analyzing daily data between January 22 and September 11, 2020, we categorize the contiguous US counties into four risk groups—High-Risk, Moderate-Risk, Mild-Risk, and Low-Risk—and then apply both conventional (i.e., non-spatial) and geographically weighted (i.e., spatial) ordinal logistic regression model to understand the county-level factors raising the COVID-19 infection risk. The comparisons of various model fit diagnostics indicate that the spatial models better capture the associations between COVID-19 risk and other factors.

Results

The key findings include (1) High- and Moderate-Risk counties are clustered in the Black Belt, the coastal areas, and Great Lakes regions. (2) Fragile labor markets (e.g., high percentages of unemployed and essential workers) and high housing inequality are associated with higher risks. (3) The Monte Carlo tests suggest that the associations between covariates and COVID-19 risk are spatially non-stationary. For example, counties in the northeastern region and Mississippi Valley experience a stronger impact of essential workers on COVID-19 risk than those in other regions, whereas the association between income ratio and COVID-19 risk is stronger in Texas and Louisiana.

Conclusions

The COVID-19 infection risk levels differ greatly across the US and their associations with structural inequality and sociodemographic composition are spatially non-stationary, suggesting that the same stimulus may not lead to the same change in COVID-19 risk. Potential interventions to lower COVID-19 risk should adopt a place-based perspective.
Controlled assembly of retinal cells on fractal and Euclidean electrodes
Authors: Moslehi Saba , Rowland Conor , Smith Julian H. , Watterson William J. , Miller David , Niell Cristopher M. , Alemán Benjamín J. , Perez Maria-Thereza , Taylor Richard P.
Published: April 2022

Controlled assembly of retinal cells on artificial surfaces is important for fundamental cell research and medical applications. We investigate fractal electrodes with branches of vertically-aligned carbon nanotubes and silicon dioxide gaps between the branches that form repeating patterns spanning from micro- to milli-meters, along with single-scaled Euclidean electrodes. Fluorescence and electron microscopy show neurons adhere in large numbers to branches while glial cells cover the gaps. This ensures neurons will be close to the electrodes’ stimulating electric fields in applications. Furthermore, glia won’t hinder neuron-branch interactions but will be sufficiently close for neurons to benefit from the glia’s life-supporting functions. This cell ‘herding’ is adjusted using the fractal electrode’s dimension and number of repeating levels. We explain how this tuning facilitates substantial glial coverage in the gaps which fuels neural networks with small-world structural characteristics. The large branch-gap interface then allows these networks to connect to the neuron-rich branches.
Sex differences in the fecal microbiome and hippocampal glial morphology following diet and antibiotic treatment
Authors: Saxena Anju , Moran Roberta R. M. , Bullard Meghan R. , Bondy Emma O. , Smith Matthew Foster , Morris Lainie , Fogle Nicaella , Singh Jagroop , Jarvis Brendan , Ray Tammy , Saxena Juhi , Freeman Linnea Ruth
Published: April 2022

Rising obesity rates have become a major public health concern within the United States. Understanding the systemic and neural effects of obesity is crucial in designing preventive and therapeutic measures. In previous studies, administration of a high fat diet has induced significant weight gain for mouse models of obesity. Interestingly, sex differences in high-fat diet-induced weight gain have been observed, with female mice gaining significantly less weight compared to male mice on the same high-fat diet. It has also been observed that consumption of a high-fat diet can increase neurogliosis, but the mechanism by which this occurs is still not fully understood. Recent research has suggested that the gut microbiome may mediate diet-induced glial activation. The current study aimed to (1) analyze changes to the gut microbiome following consumption of a high fat (HF) diet as well as antibiotic treatment, (2) evaluate hippocampal microgliosis and astrogliosis, and (3) identify sex differences within these responses. We administered a low fat (Research Diets D12450 K) or high fat diet (Research Diets D12451) to male and female C57Bl/6 mice for sixteen weeks. Mice received an antibiotic cocktail containing 0.5g/L of vancomycin, 1.0 g/L ampicillin, 1.0 g/L neomycin, and 1.0 g/L metronidazole in their drinking water during the last six weeks of the study and were compared to control mice receiving normal drinking water throughout the study. We observed a significant reduction in gut microbiome diversity for groups that received the antibiotic cocktail, as determined by Illumina next-generation sequencing. Male mice fed the HF diet (± antibiotics) had significantly greater body weights compared to all other groups. And, female mice fed the low fat (LF) diet and administered antibiotics revealed significantly decreased microgliosis and astrogliosis in the hippocampus compared to LF-fed females without antibiotics. Interestingly, male mice fed the LF diet and administered antibiotics revealed significantly increased microgliosis, but decreased astrogliosis, compared to LF-fed males without antibiotics. The observed sex differences in LF-fed mice given antibiotics brings forward questions about sex differences in nutrient metabolism, gut microbiome composition, and response to antibiotics.
Examining acculturation in mixed-couples to test cultural transmission mechanisms
Authors: Guerra Machado Bernardo , Giner-Sorolla Roger
Published: April 2022

The project sought to understand the factors which underlie cultural transmission, adapting self-reported methods from cross-cultural psychology and sociology to test the external validity of several constructs from existing evolutionary models. The target population were native-foreigner mixed-couples, allowing the analyses to benefit from asymmetrical cultural inputs. Sampling took place in Italy and Portugal, with recruitment relying on social networks, online newspapers, friends, organizations, universities, parishes, and embassies. The questionnaire was personally delivered or filled online. The validated variables were: contact with a population in which the majority endorses the culture being acquired, the relative quantity of friends from that culture, the perceived relationship quality with the companion, affective ties with one’s own family, and the desire and emotional components behind the culture-transmission motive (a concept similar to cultural conservatism). An unexpected strong, positive association between both cultural identities was found. Thus, it was suggested that these participants adopted an integrative orientation, allowing both cultural identities to blend, whereas most research so far focuses on assimilation scenarios. Overall, acculturation was driven by either conformity to the majority or random learning, without discarding the influence of preferred demonstrators, and the emotional bounds embedded in the individual’s cultural identity. Acculturation proved to be flexible and potentially changing according to the cultural trait being examined.
Teaching during COVID-19 pandemic in practical laboratory classes of applied biochemistry and pharmacology: A validated fast and simple protocol for detection of SARS-CoV-2 Spike sequences
Authors: Gasparello Jessica , Papi Chiara , Zurlo Matteo , Cosenza Lucia Carmela , Breveglieri Giulia , Zuccato Cristina , Gambari Roberto , Finotti Alessia
Published: April 2022

The pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus (COVID-19) is still a major health issue. The COVID-19 pandemic has forced the university teaching to consider in high priority the switch from in-presence teaching to remote teaching, including laboratory teaching. While excellent virtual-laboratory teaching has been proposed and turned out to be very useful, the need of a real-laboratory in-presence teaching is still a major need. This study was aimed at presenting a laboratory exercise focusing (a) on a very challenging therapeutic strategy, i.e. SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics, and (b) on technologies that are playing a central role in applied biochemistry and molecular biology, i.e. PCR and RT-PCR. The aims of the practical laboratory were to determine: (a) the possibility to identify SARS-CoV-2 sequences starting from a recombinant plasmid and (b) the possibility to discriminate cells with respect to the expression of SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein. This activity is simple (cell culture, RNA extraction, RT-qPCR are all well-established technologies), fast (starting from isolated and characterized RNA, few hours are just necessary), highly reproducible (therefore easily employed by even untrained students). We suggest that this laboratory practical exercises should be considered for face-to-face teaching especially if the emergency related to the COVID-19 pandemic is maintained. The teaching protocol here described might be considered in order to perform fast but meaningful in-presence teaching, making feasible the division of crowded classes in low-number cohorts of students, allowing the maintenance of the required social distance.
VCP inhibition induces an unfolded protein response and apoptosis in human acute myeloid leukemia cells
Authors: Szczęśniak Paweł P. , Heidelberger Jan B. , Serve Hubert , Beli Petra , Wagner Sebastian A.
Published: April 2022

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous malignancy characterized by the accumulation of undifferentiated white blood cells (blasts) in the bone marrow. Valosin-containing protein (VCP) is an abundant molecular chaperone that extracts ubiquitylated substrates from protein complexes and cellular compartments prior to their degradation by the proteasome. We found that treatment of AML cell lines with the VCP inhibitor CB-5083 leads to an accumulation of ubiquitylated proteins, activation of unfolded protein response (UPR) and apoptosis. Using quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomics we assessed the effects of VCP inhibition on the cellular ubiquitin-modified proteome. We could further show that CB-5083 decreases the survival of the AML cell lines THP-1 and MV4-11 in a concentration-dependent manner, and acts synergistically with the antimetabolite cytarabine and the BH3-mimetic venetoclax. Finally, we showed that prolonged treatment of AML cells with CB-5083 leads to development of resistance mediated by mutations in VCP. Taken together, inhibition of VCP leads to a lethal unfolded protein response in AML cells and might be a relevant therapeutic strategy for treatment of AML, particularly when combined with other drugs. The toxicity and development of resistance possibly limit the utility of VCP inhibitors and have to be further explored in animal models and clinical trials.
Introduction: The Politics of Fashion Knowledge between Practice and Theory
Authors: Gaugele Elke , Titton Monica
Published: April 2022

This chapter outlines the rise of practice-based research in fashion and exposes the multifaceted debates and complex overlaps that exist within it. The chapter explores a paradigm shift in the research of fashion towards the site of fashion research as a permeable, collaborative field of critical practice and research ‘in, for and through’ fashion (Frayling 1993; Findeli 2004: 42). Moving on from a philosophy (Foucault 1972) and sociology of science perspective(Bourdieu [1984] 1990), the authors argue that the concept of fashion knowledge can be theorized as a common ground for the formation of a critical contemporary fashion research practice. Assembled under this umbrella, the projects and writings in the edited volume are presented in the introduction as both theoretically dense and experimental, creative and research based.
Theory as Practice: Notes on the Sociology of a Practice-Based Fashion Theory
Authors: Titton Monica
Published: April 2022

The essay unpacks the institutionalization of practice-based fashion research and the formalization of design research degrees by framing this joint development within the context of the neo-liberalization of higher education. Through the lens of Bourdieu’s writings on the academic field, the establishment of practice-based research is then examined as the expression of a power struggle over influence and relevance, a struggle that is further intensified by the aforementioned neo-liberalization of academia. In the second part of the essay, I switch my analytic perspective and discuss theory as a neglected domain of knowledge production, both in academic research and in practice-based enquiries, and propose theory as a crucial, analytically cohesive tool in the production of fashion knowledge. The magazine as the paradigmatic fashion publication is proposed in the conclusion as the ideal ecology for the publication and enactment of this type of fashion knowledge, be it written or visual.
Skin Host and Heavenly Visitor
Authors: Morger Priska
Published: April 2022

The sheer speed with which images flicker before our eyes means that we are shown countless things as part of a constant stream of information, without having the time to stop and consider them. We perceive the images at a superficial level, but what does our soul actually see when we glimpse an image and manage to keep hold of it? What do we actually understand? Our eyes are constantly engaged, traveling over the surfaces of the images, but our minds are not able to process them and linger on them. Learning to look carefully and deliberately means learning to decode what we are looking at. It provides space for reflection and for the viewer to adapt, for evaluation and assessment to take place and bring about the possibility of gaining insight. By consciously considering the issue of outwardly directed vision, you can make yourself more freely open to your inner reflections.
Selecting technologies for the digital TV switchover in Bangladesh
Authors: Ahsan Muhammad Shajjad
Published: April 2022

From the perspective of a developing country, the selection of correct digital technology for state-owned television might appear as a decisive testimony of national interest. In selecting appropriate technology, factors such as user acceptance, commercialization prospects, network externalities or cost-effectiveness have significant influence. However, the causal element(s) that have the greatest impacts in the developing countries have not been discussed enough. This article thus aims to examine the technology selection process through the ongoing digital television switchover in the Bangladesh experience. In line with recent global escalation of changing broadcasting technology from analogue to digital, the International Telecommunication Union apprized the Government of Bangladesh (GOB) to complete the digital TV switchover by 2015. In 2021, the GOB had not yet completed it. This article primarily aims to discover why it has not been possible to complete the switchover in Bangladesh to date. With a few exceptions, little work has been done on how developing countries decide to choose a technology over another and how they exclude other latent technology for media industry. During the technology selection process, how the various options and parameters work and how they incorporate with the existing media policies are in need of examination. Although there may be some common parameters while selecting technology universally, within the developing countries, aspects of country-specific contexts might be different. Rather than verifying the technology chosen, this article aims to explain that how the selection process occurs within the television sector in the developing countries.
Farm Fresh Broadband: The Politics of Rural Connectivity, Christopher Ali (2021)
Authors: Bauer Johannes M.
Published: April 2022

Review of: Farm Fresh Broadband: The Politics of Rural Connectivity, Christopher Ali (2021)

Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 306 pp.,

ISBN 978-0-26254-306-4, p/bk, USD $35.00
Microwave Assisted a Highly Atom Economic, Chemo-, Regio- and
Stereoselective Synthesis and Evaluation of Dispiro[1H-indene-2,3′-pyrrolidine-
2′,3′′-[3H]indole]-1,2′′(1′′H)diones as Antibacterial and Antifungal Agents
Authors: Kaleeswari M. , Harikrishnan P.S.
Published: April 2022

1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition of in situ generated non-stabilized azomethine ylides through the decarboxylative
condensation of sarcosine and substituted isatins with 2-(arylmethylene)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-ones
in microwave produced dispiro[1H-indene-2,3Œ-pyrrolidine-2Œ,3ŒŒ-[3H]indole]-1,2ŒŒ(1ŒŒH)diones in a
highly stereo- and regio-selective fashion. The synthesized compounds were subjected to antibacterial
and antifungal studies. It was found that many compounds possess a considerable antibacterial and
antifungal activity against all the tested organisms.
Synthesis, NMR Studies and Binding Interactions of (2E,2′E)-2,2′-(Propane-1,2-
diylidene)bis(N-methylhydrazinecarbothio-amide) with SARS-CoV Main Protease
Authors: Sellam Periyasamy , Manjunathan Sundaram , Kumar Srinivasan Vasanth , Chithra Kasi , Chithra Kasi
Published: April 2022

Chloroquine derivatives were one of the medications tested against the coronavirus pandemic in 2020
and they appeared to be effective. In this present work, (2E,2′E)-2,2′-(propane-1,2-diylidene)bis(Nmethylhydrazinecarbothioamide)
(PMTSC) has been postulated as a possible antiviral for the treatment
of COVID-19 by using 1-Click docking. Compound PMTSC has been synthesized by the condensation
reaction between pyruvaldehyde and N-methylthiosemicarbazide. The synthesized PMTSC was
confirmed by elemental analysis and NMR spectral study. The binding interaction of PMTSC has
been performed with SARS-CoV main protease (PDB code: 2GZ7 and 2GZ8). The docking results
showed good binding energies and interactions.
Ultrasound Assisted New Imines of 3E-3-(4-Substituted benzylidene)-4-(substituted-1,3,4-
thiadiazole-2-ylimino)pentane-2-one and their Antimicrobial Studies
Authors: Zade M.B. , Ibatte S.N.
Published: April 2022

A new series of Schiff bases of 3-(4-substituted benzylidene)-4-(substituted-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-
ylimino)pentane-2-one having various substituents of aryl attached to acetoacetone by Knovengel
condensation and substituted 1,3,4-thiadiazole were synthesized by using solid supported
tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate in microwave irradiation. The synthesized Schiff bases have
been evaluated by 1H NMR, elemental analysis, FTIR, mass spectroscopy. All Schiff bases have been
screened for their antimicrobial activities. These compounds possess good result of antimicrobial studies.
Synthesis, Characterization and Bioactivity of Propranolol and it's Derivatives
Authors: Sihag Sheetal , Devi Parvesh , Singh Rajvir , Singh Sushila
Published: April 2022

Herein, the conventional method used for β-blocker synthesis is initiated by refluxing biphenyl-2-ol
(1) with an epoxy ring (2) in the presence of K2CO3 to obtain 2-[(biphenyl-2-yloxy)methyl]oxirane (3).
Compound (3) was then reacted with 99% isopropylamine (4) and various substituted phenols (6a-i)
to form 1-(biphenyl-2-yloxy)-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol (5) and 1-(2,6-dimethyl-/4-methoxy-
/4-chloro-3-hydroxy-/2,6-dimethoxy-/3,4-dimethyl-/4-amine-/4-bromo/3,4-dinitro-/2,4-
dihydroxyphenoxy)-3-(biphenyl-2-yloxy)-propan-2-ols (7a-i), respectively. The synthesized
compounds were analyzed by 1H NMR and FTIR spectroscopy to determine their structure and also
evaluated for their antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia solani and Aspergillus niger using the food
poison technique. From the activity data, it was found that compound 1-(biphenyl-2-yloxy)-3-(propan-
2-ylamino)-propan-2-ol (5) was most active against both the fungi Rhizoctonia solani and Aspergillus
niger. The antibacterial activity was also determined against Bacillus species by zone of inhibition
method. The compounds (5, 7a-i) were also evaluated for its herbicidal activity.
ESTRUTURA, DIVERSIDADE E SIMILARIDADE DO COMPONENTE ARBÓREO DE CERRADÕES NO SUDOESTE DE GOIÁS – BRASIL
Authors: Pifano Daniel Salgado , Soares Michellia Pereira , Silva Fabiano Guimarães , Costa Erilva Machado , De Carvalho Jullyanna Nair , Carvalho Fabrício Alvim
Published: April 2022

O objetivo deste trabalho foi conhecer a estrutura, diversidade e similaridade de três cerradões no sudoeste de Goiás. Para tanto, alocou-se 25 parcelas (400m²) em cada localidade. Apenas árvores de circunferência à altura do peito (CAP) ≥ 15,7 foram mensuradas. Calculou-se os principais parâmetros fitossociológicos, histogramas de classes de altura e diâmetro, além dos índices de diversidade de Shannon e equabilidade de Pielou. Construiu-se um diagrama de venn e realizou-se análise de correspondência retificada para verificação da similaridade. A riqueza total foi de 204 espécies, sendo Fabaceae a mais representativa com 24. A localidade de Montes Claros de GO apresentou um cerradão mais estruturado, com árvores mais maduras e de maior área basal. Já as localidades de Rio Preto e Ouroana apresentaram composição mais relacionada a espécies generalistas e exigentes de luz, com estrutura mais densa e de menor área basal. Os índices de diversidade e equabilidade foram considerados altos nas três comunidades, demosntrando baixa dominância ecológica de algumas espécies sobre as demais. As três localidades foram bastante similares florísticamente com baixa substituição de espécies de uma comunidade para outra. Os resultados sustentam que os remascentes estudados comportam siginificativa parcela da biodiversidade do domínio, sendo sua conservação iminente.
ASPECTOS FÍSICO-SOCIAIS DAS INUNDAÇÕES E ENXURRADAS NA SUB-BACIA DE DRENAGEM DO RIO ICONHA, ESTADO DO ESPÍRITO SANTO
Authors: Pontini Vinícius Vieira , Coelho André Luiz Nascentes
Published: April 2022

Inundações e enxurradas são fenômenos hidrológicos ocorrentes em bacias de drenagem e que, além de serem condicionados por características fisiográficas dos terrenos, também são potencializados por alterações antrópicas diretas e indiretas nas bacias de drenagem, notadamente nas áreas urbanas. Portanto, o presente artigo objetivou discutir, sob a ótica sistêmica, determinadas características físico-sociais atreladas à ocorrência de inundações e enxurradas na sub-bacia de drenagem do rio Iconha, situada no estado do Espírito Santo. A metodologia consistiu no levantamento bibliográfico sobre as temáticas discutidas, no mapeamento digital em ambiente de Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG) das características físico-sociais selecionadas da sub-bacia – precipitação média anual (1947-2012), declividade do relevo, hipsometria, solos e uso e cobertura da terra – e em pesquisa de campo. A análise e inter-relações estabelecidas entre tais características se apresentaram satisfatórias para melhor compreender a gênese e a magnitude das inundações e enxurradas na sub-bacia, podendo orientar ações de planejamento e tomadas de decisão.
ESCORREGAMENTOS EM ENCOSTAS FLORESTADAS NA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIO MÃE LUZIA, TREVISO – SANTA CATARINA, BRASIL
Authors: Sant Ana William de Oliveira , Back Álvaro José , Michel Gean Paulo , Ladwig Nilzo Ivo , De Conto Danrlei , Zavarize Mauro dos Santos
Published: April 2022

O estado de Santa Catarina apresenta vasto histórico de movimentos de massa, especialmente escorregamentos translacionais rasos. A Bacia Hidrográfica do rio Mãe Luzia, localizada no município de Treviso, drena 22,39 km2 da escarpa do Planalto Sul Brasileiro, e possui registros de escorregamentos em encostas florestadas. O objetivo consistiu em relacionar movimentos de massa com práticas agropastoris pretéritas e ocorrência de incêndio na área de estudo. Para isso, foi pesquisada a relação da floresta com o ciclo d’água, sistema radicular e estabilização de encostas, bem como superfícies de solo-repelência, formadas a partir de incêndios florestais. A partir de fotografias aéreas de 1957, foi possível correlacionar espaço-temporalmente os movimentos de massa com práticas antrópicas do passado. Como resultado, foram interpretadas 337 cicatrizes de escorregamentos, em sua maioria sobre a classe de vegetação em estágio sucessional avançado, que haviam, entretanto, passado por corte seletivo de árvores e incêndio florestal. Concluiu-se que as práticas de uso do solo desenvolvidas de maneira intensiva, contribuíram para supressão de árvores de grande porte, o que em teoria, ancoraria o solo e auxiliaria na sua estabilização. Assim, áreas florestadas que sofreram interferência antrópica têm menor eficácia para conter movimentos de massa, embora contribuam para diminuir sua frequência.
AVALIAÇÃO DA RECOMPOSIÇÃO VEGETAL DOS FRAGMENTOS FLORESTAIS URBANOS NA BACIA DO CÓRREGO CLEÓPATRA/MOSCADOS, MARINGÁ-PR
Authors: Nigro Giuliano Torrieri
Published: April 2022

O objetivo da pesquisa é analisar a dinâmica da vegetação dos fragmentos florestais localizados na bacia hidrográfica do córrego Cleópatra/Moscados, região central da cidade de Maringá, Paraná, como subsídio ao planejamento da paisagem. Investigou-se a ocorrência de recomposição ou regressão florestal nos períodos entre os anos 2003, 2013 e 2018, assim como as condições atuais da vegetação em cada um dos 20 fragmentos abordados. Observou-se considerável recomposição florestal entre 2003 e 2013, variando de 6,7% para 9,6% do total da área da bacia. Essa recomposição se deu quase integralmente nos fundos de vale (FV), que, de acordo com a metodologia de Avaliação Ecológica Rápida (AER), apresentaram as piores condições, na sua maioria, em estágio inicial de sucessão ecológica, baixo número de indivíduos arbóreos, baixa diversidade de espécies nativas, grande quantidade de espécies exóticas/invasoras e maior desequilíbrio entre os grupos ecológicos. Os da classe parques urbanos (PU) e reservas florestais (RF) apresentaram melhores condições, com maior diversidade de indivíduos arbóreos e nativos, menor presença de espécies exóticas/invasoras e maior equilíbrio entre os grupos ecológicos. Essa condição se explica, parcialmente, pelo histórico de uso do solo, haja vista que os fragmentos de classe FV apresentaram recomposição tardia em relação aos demais.
Asprosin Levels as New Metabolic Marker for the Early Detection and Diagnosis of Hypothyroidism Complications
Authors: Gebur Noor Ali , Addai Ali Dr. Hanaa
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Hypothyroidism is a term used to describe any condition that causes a thyroid hormone shortage, such as hypothalamus or pituitary disease, widespread tissue resistance to thyroid hormones, and thyroid gland diseases. Asprosin is a newly discovered peptide hormone produced by white adipose tissue. It's worth noting that high asprosin levels are linked to insulin resistance. The goal of this study was to determine the levels of asprosin in patients' serum for early hypothyroidism and to see if there was a link between insulin resistance and asprosin in this group of patients. Materials and methods: A case-control study design involved 120 Iraqi subjects, 60 of whom had hypothyroidism (42 females and 18 males) and were compared with 60 healthy adults (45 females and 15 males) whose ages were close to the group of patients ranging from (20 – 60) years. All subjects' serum levels of Asprosin, as well as metabolic indices such as BMI, WHR, (TT3, TT4, TSH), FSG, HOMA-IR, Insulin, QUICKI, (T-CHO, TG, HDL-C, VLDL-C, LDL-C,and zinc, were measured. The findings were subjected to statistical analysis in order to analyze the differences between the groups tested and to determine the relationship between parameters. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in mean age between the patients and the control groups, according to the statistical analysis. In the hypothyroidism patient group, however, mean values of HOMA-IR, T-CHO, TG, LDL-C, VLDL-C, and asprosin were significantly higher than in the control group. TT3, TT4, QUICKI, and HDL-C levels in the blood were considerably lower than in the control group. Asporsin levels in patients had a substantial positive connection with W/H, TT3, and TT4 levels. Conclusions: Hypothyroidism patients had significantly greater levels of Asprosin than the control group, according to the current study. W/H and HOMA-IR have a strong positive association with asprosin levels, while TT3, TT4, and QUICKI have a significant negative correlation. These findings imply that lowering asprosin levels in hypothyroidism patients could be a useful method for treating insulin resistance and T2DM.
Pola Pertumbuhan Tanaman Sorgum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) Dengan Perlakuan Monosodium Glutamat
Authors: Setiyaningrom Indah Tri Intan , Damanti Sri , Saptiningsih Endang
Published: April 2022

Sorgum merupakan bahan pangan alternatif yang berpotensi besar dikembangkan di Indonesia. Monosodium glutamat merupakan bahan penguat rasa dengan komposisi berupa natrium dan glutamat, yang bermanfaat pada proses pertumbuhan tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dosis efektif monosodium glutamat terhadap pola pertumbuhan tanaman sorgum. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) faktor tunggal berupa dosis MSG dengan 4 taraf perlakuan, yaitu 0 g/tanaman, 3 g/tanaman, 6 g/tanaman dan 9 g/tanaman. Perlakuan diberikan dengan cara menaburkan MSG di sekitar daerah perakaran sorgum setiap satu minggu sekali. Parameter yang diukur adalah jumlah daun, luas daun dan tinggi tanaman yang didata setiap minggu sekali, dari minggu kedua sampai minggu kedelapan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tanaman sorgum dengan perlakuan MSG berpengaruh meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan mengubah pola pertumbuhan sorgum. Dosis 3 g/tanaman menunjukkan peningkatan pola pertumbuhan lebih cepat.  Sorghum is an alternative crop with great potential to develop in Indonesia. Monosodium glutamate is a flavor enhancer with a composition of sodium and glutamate, which is beneficial for plant growth processes. This research aims to examine the effective dose of monosodium glutamate on the growth pattern of sorghum plants. This research used a single factor Completely Randomized Design (CRD) in the form of MSG dose with 4 treatment levels, namely 0 g/plant, 3 g/plant, 6 g/plant, and 9 g/plant. The treatment was given by sprinkling MSG around the sorghum root area once a week. The parameters measured were the number of leaves, leaf area, and plant height, which were recorded once a week, from the second week to the eighth week. The results showed that sorghum with MSG treatment affected increasing growth and changed the growth pattern of sorghum. The dose of 3 g/plant showed an increased growth pattern.
The Effect of Bacillus subtilis on Bioethanol Production from Ambon Banana (Musa paradisiaca var. sapientum Linn) Peels by Using Fermentation Process
Authors: Bilyartinus Gaudentius , Siswanto Anggun Puspitarini
Published: April 2022

Abstract -The breakthrough to optimize Indonesia's energy is by utilizing abundant renewable energy sources. Its geographic location has the potential to become a country with the largest renewable energy source in the world. The potential energy that comes from vegetables is called bioethanol. Bioethanol is an organic fuel produced by bioethanol fermentation. It can be an alternative material for making sanitary products amid the increasing spread ofCOVID-19 in Indonesia.So the authors try to innovate how to use Ambon Banana (Musa paradisiaca var. sapientum Linn) peels to become bioethanol. This research aimed to investigate the effect of Bacillus subtilis in the fermentation of bioethanol production from Ambon banana peels. The methods used were pretreatment, hydrolysis, fermentation, and distillation. Bacillus subtilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae ratio (10: 5 and 5: 5) use for obtaining high ethanol yields, as well as variations in pH 2 and 6 in the fermentation starter. The variable were designed by using Factorial Design. The result shows the yeast ratio of B. subtilis and S. cerevisiae (10: 5) resulted the highest concentration of bioethanol (6%) in 6 days. In acidic conditions (pH 2), the bacteria don’t grow optimally. The higher concentration of bioethanol (6%) was reached  in pH 6.The research supports the Government Program Reducing the dependency of fossil fuels and innovation to produce sanitary product from bioethanol.Abstract -The breakthrough to optimize Indonesia's energy is by utilizing abundant renewable energy sources. Its geographic location has the potential to become a country with the largest renewable energy source in the world. The potential energy that comes from vegetables is called bioethanol. Bioethanol is an organic fuel produced by bioethanol fermentation. It can be an alternative material for making sanitary products amid the increasing spread ofCOVID-19 in Indonesia.So the authors try to innovate how to use Ambon Banana (Musa paradisiaca var. sapientum Linn) peels to become bioethanol. This research aimed to investigate the effect of Bacillus subtilis in the fermentation of bioethanol production from Ambon banana peels. The methods used were pretreatment, hydrolysis, fermentation, and distillation. Bacillus subtilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae ratio (10: 5 and 5: 5) use for obtaining high ethanol yields, as well as variations in pH 2 and 6 in the fermentation starter. The variable were designed by using Factorial Design. The result shows the yeast ratio of B. subtilis and S. cerevisiae (10: 5) resulted the highest concentration of bioethanol (6%) in 6 days. In acidic conditions (pH 2), the bacteria don’t grow optimally. The higher concentration of bioethanol (6%) was reached  in pH 6.The research supports the Government Program Reducing the dependency of fossil fuels and innovation to produce sanitary product from bioethanol.
Dědici, dědiníci, svobodníci – právněhistorický pohled
Authors: Krajník Eduard
Published: April 2022

The paper focuses on the historical development of the free (as opposed to subject) farmers in Bohemia from the High Middle Ages to the Early Modern Period. As the terminology was changing from inheritor (heres, dědic) to freeholder (dědiník) to yeoman (svobodník), their legal status was varying as well. While the number and significance of inheritors declined to the complete end in the mid-14th century, freeholders rose to full recognition as a class a hundred years later. Comparing the primary medieval legal sources, we conclude that freeholders descend largely from impoverished squires, though some may have their origin also among royal servants or villagers disenthralled from serfdom. By the early 17th century, their Czech name “dědiníci” (freeholders) was replaced with “svobodníci” (yeomen).
Die juristische Bildung an der k.u.k. Konsularakademie, mit Fokus auf die staatsrechtlichen Studien
Authors: Szabó Mátyás
Published: April 2022

The institutional predecessors of the recent Diplomatic Academy in Vienna took a significant impact on the civil service of the Habsburg Monarchy. The Oriental Academy was founded by empress Maria Theresia in 1754 to train dragomans for the eastern relations. The Academy stood under Jesuit influence and became a secular institution in the middle of the 19th century. By this time the political and legal studies had been dominated on behalf of human and natural sciences and the Academy had been turning to a special institution for training professionals for the foreign service (central service, diplomatic service, consular service). In 1898 the Oriental Academy was transformed into the Imperial and Royal Consular-Academy by Minister Gołuchowski. This reform affected the educational structure as well and the institution focused on the consular branch. The quota of political and economical courses increased as a reflection to the intensive global trade, but on the other hand Austrian and Hungarian Constitutional Law were also set in the new educational system due to the public legal transformation of the Monarchy in 1867 (Austro-Hungarian Compromise). This study aims to present the brief institutional history of the Oriental and Consular Academy and the way the educational system of the Academy had evolved. At last, it is going to be observed to what extent constitutional legal studies were represented in the courses of the institution and how they interpreted the disputed legal nature of the dualistic Austro-Hungarian Monarchy.
Hungarian System for the Nomination of Parliamentary Candidates between the Two Wars in the European Context
Authors: Hollósi Gábor
Published: April 2022

The institution of the nomination of parliamentary candidates was already well known in most European electoral systems between the two wars. Its purpose can be briefly summarized as meaning that the voters can only cast their votes for a person who has previously been nominated as a parliamentary candidate under the conditions specified by law. Within the European field, the contemporary Hungarian nomination system is characterized by its extraordinary intricacy, and the high number of abuses naturally follows from its complexity. However, in our study we do not deal with these abuses but describe the Hungarian rules and regulations while constantly researching its European aspects. Accordingly, we divided our work into three units. First of all, we classify the continent’s nomination systems in order to show where the place of the Hungarian rules and regulations between the two wars were. Thereafter, we review the development of the Hungarian rules based on the Electoral Decree of 1922, the (First) Electoral Act of 1925, the so-called “Nomination” Amendment Act of 1937 and the (Second) Electoral Act of 1938. Finally, using the Explanatory Memorandums to the mentioned acts and the discussion materials of the National Assembly/Parliament, we look for the European (comparative) examples that emerged during their creation. Our study will also show what the Explanatory Memorandums to the acts (which reflect the pro-government standpoint) or the parliamentary opposition considered worth highlighting from the nomination systems of foreign countries.
Das LibraryLab in der Zentralbibliothek der Stadtbüchereien Düsseldorf – vom Prototyp zum etablierten Angebot
Authors: Lins Maike
Published: April 2022

In der Zentralbibliothek der Stadtbüchereien Düsseldorf entstand im Oktober 2017 das LibraryLab. Der Bereich hat als offene Experimentierplattform und Ort zum Kreativwerden und Ausprobieren für Besucher*innen und Team begonnen und 2021 in der am neuen Standort und mit neuem Konzept eröffneten Zentralbibliothek im KAP1 einen Neustart erfahren. Durch die Erfahrungen der letzten Jahre ist es vom Prototyp zum fest im Gesamtkonzept der Zentralbibliothek verankerten Angebot gereift, gleichzeitig aber stets bereit geblieben, sich weiter zu entwickeln und mit den Bedürfnissen der Besucher*innen zu wachsen. Im Format „Coworking LibraryLab“ lädt es Fachkolleg*innen ein, sich über die Arbeit an innovativen Bereichen und Angeboten in öffentlichen Bibliotheken auszutauschen.