bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Medical student preference for online or in-person clinical reasoning seminars and the role of gender
Authors: Scudamore Victoria , Beh Sze Yi , Foster Adam , Goodson Michaela
Published: September 2024

Introduction: This study compares online and in-person delivery of a weekly clinical reasoning seminar for fourth-year medical students at a Malaysian medical school. During the easing of COVID-19 pandemic restrictions, the initial eight seminars took place online, followed by eleven in-person seminars. This study looks at student preference for online or in-person delivery and how these reasons differ due to gender.
Methods: An online questionnaire was sent to fourth-year medical students after returning to in-person seminars. The response rate was 60/128 (46.88%) and the data was analysed using SPSS software.
Results: 65% of students preferred in-person seminars and a larger proportion of female students (71.43%) preferred in-person sessions compared to male students (50.00%), although this was not statistically significant (p=0.11). A significantly larger proportion of female students preferred in-person seminars for the following reasons compared to male students: enjoyment (p=0.041), developing history-taking skills (55.56%) and for formulating differential diagnoses (p=0.046). Students were asked whether online or in-person seminars were most appropriate for eighteen reasons, they felt in-person seminars were most appropriate for 16/18 of these reasons.
Conclusions: More students preferred in-person clinical reasoning seminars and a higher proportion of these students were female. A significantly larger proportion of female students felt in-person seminars were better for; enjoyment and for developing history-taking skills and formulating differential diagnoses, compared to male students. The students preferred online seminars for home comforts and ease of travel, but they preferred in-person seminars for the other 16/18 reasons listed including all reasons linked to learning skills and interreacting with others.

Keywords: Online Teaching, In-person Teaching, Gender, Clinical Reasoning, Medical Students
Career choice in medical graduates – A national, quantitative analysis over five years
Authors: Webster Craig S. , Forsythe Jack , Verstappen Antonia , Poole Phillippa , Wilkinson Tim , Henning Marcus A.
Published: September 2024

Introduction: A valid, longitudinal approach is critical for service planning in healthcare and to understand career choice in medical graduates.
Methods: We quantitatively analysed self-reported influences underlying career choice in a national cohort of medical graduates over the first five years of their careers. Participants rated career influences on importance across 26 items using a 5-point Likert scale (1=not at all, 5=a great deal).
Results: We included 659 New Zealand medical graduates (mean 25.4 years old, 376 F, 283 M) from the University of Auckland and the University of Otago, graduating in 2012 and 2013 (85% response rate). Responses were linked longitudinally over their post-graduate years 1, 3 and 5, and underwent principal component analyses. At graduation the factor rated as the most important in career choice had a mean (SD) item score of 3.9 (0.7) and comprised: Medical School Experiences; Specialty Experience; Mentors; and Self-Appraisal – consistent with graduates securing initial employment. Factors which explained the most variance in career choice over the five years after graduation indicated that the costs of medical school and further training were consistently rated as the least important in career choices, while flexibility in working hours were consistently rated as the most important. Factors remained relatively stable over time, showing variation in scores of only a median of 0.5 Likert points, indicating further opportunities for career choice research.
Conclusion: Our results regarding costs of medical training are reassuring, and suggest that greater flexibility in working hours may attract graduates to underserved specialties.

Keywords: Medical Education, Career Choice, Career Influences, Cost, Debt, Measurement, Medical Graduates, National Longitudinal Study, Working Hours, Work Culture
The Novel Monopole Antenna for Sub-6 GHz 5G Applications
Authors: Çelik Kayhan
Published: September 2024

This paper explains the novel monopole antenna's design and analysis for the sub-6 GHz 5G applications. The proposed antenna has a volume of 20 x 20 x 1.6 mm3. In the antenna design, the most commonly used classical insulating material, FR4, with a thickness of 1.6 mm, is used, and it is obtained from the reversed-cross-shaped radiator and modified with the help of the stubs and slots to resonate in the 3.4-3.8 GHz band. The antenna has a highest gain of 2.2 dBi and an efficiency of 98%. The suggested antenna can be utilized for 5G applications at frequencies below 6 GHz.
ANALYSIS OF QUASI LINEAR CONVECTIVE SYSTEM (QLCS) BASED ON DOPPLER WEATHER RADAR IN THE SOUTH SULAWESI REGION
Authors: Abubakar Ahmad Shirat , Subaer Subaer , Husain Husain
Published: September 2024

This research aims to analyze the characteristics of the Quasi Linear Convective System (QLCS) based on weather radar in the South Sulawesi region, which influences extreme weather. This research is a case study that focuses on the occurrence of QLCS, which grows around the waters of the Makassar Strait and moves east towards the mainland area of South Sulawesi. The study area is limited to a radius of 200 km from the weather radar center. The data processing technique uses the Rainbow application with weather radar data input from the Hasanuddin Makassar Meteorological Station. Next, the radar data output in the form of MAX products is filtered according to the criteria of Lombardo and Colle (2010) to obtain QLCS cases. The selected QLCS cases were then analyzed for their characteristics based on spatial and temporal distribution, type of formation, propagation, and Vertical Wind Shear. The data processing results found 24 cases of QLCS in South Sulawesi with varying characteristics, where the formation location was most often in the waters of the Makassar Strait with a lifetime of around 60-90 minutes. The most common type of QLCS formation is a broken line, and the most dominant QLCS propagation is towards the east, with fast-moving speed and a strong VWS category.
(IN)DISCIPLINA: UMA (RE)CONSTRUÇÃO
Authors: Silva Rui Barreto da , Lopes Raimundo Edilberto Moreira
Published: September 2024

A Indisciplina apresenta-se atualmente como um elemento importante dentro do espaço escolar, uma vez que toda a comunidade escolar, professores, alunos, pais e núcleo gestor percebem a sua presença, colocando-a, muitas vezes como um dos aspectos que dificulta o processo de ensino-aprendizagem. O objetivo geral da pesquisa é a busca de uma explicação sobre a construção da indisciplina que fuja do senso comum e se aproxime de uma explicação cientifica, uma vez que as discussões sobre o tema sempre remetem a opiniões diversas sem se chegar a um denominador comum. O trabalho foi realizado a partir da análise sobre a indisciplina em duas escolas de ensino fundamental do município de Banabuiú. Como instrumento de pesquisa, optou-se por um questionário em que, respondendo as questões norteadoras levantadas na pesquisa, constatou-se que os diferentes atores do espaço escolar ainda não conseguem entender de forma significativa a indisciplina, como uma construção. Compreendemos este trabalho como uma possibilidade e uma proposta de uma visão diferente sobre a (in)disciplina dentro da escola, e assim buscar redimensionar nossas ações. Sabemos dos limites e lacunas deste trabalho, por isso mesmo o colocamos em aberto às críticas e sugestões.
OBJETIVOS DA ORGANIZAÇÃO DAS NAÇÕES UNIDAS (ONU) RELATIVOS AO DESENVOLVIMENTO SUSTENTÁVEL NO MUNDO: UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
Authors: Saraiva Piedley Macedo , Farias Athena de Albuquerque , Nascimento Maria Cristina Delmondes
Published: September 2024

O presente artigo realiza uma revisão de literatura sobre os Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS), com foco específico na descrição do ODS 2 (Fome Zero e Agricultura Sustentável), nas metas do ODS 3 (Saúde e Bem-Estar), nos indicadores de desenvolvimento sustentável e em exemplos de ações baseadas nos ODS. O método utilizado envolveu uma análise sistemática de artigos acadêmicos, relatórios de organizações internacionais e documentos governamentais relacionados aos ODS. Os resultados destacam a importância da integração dos ODS para alcançar o desenvolvimento sustentável global. O ODS 2 visa acabar com a fome, alcançar a segurança alimentar, melhorar a nutrição e promover a agricultura sustentável, reconhecendo a interconexão entre esses elementos e outros objetivos. O ODS 3 estabelece metas relacionadas à saúde e bem-estar, incluindo a redução da mortalidade infantil, o acesso a serviços de saúde de qualidade e a promoção do bem-estar mental. Os indicadores de desenvolvimento sustentável são fundamentais para monitorar o progresso em relação aos ODS e permitem avaliar o impacto das políticas e práticas implementadas. Exemplos de ações baseadas nos ODS ilustram como diferentes setores estão contribuindo para a realização desses objetivos, desde iniciativas governamentais até ações de organizações da sociedade civil e do setor privado. A revisão ressalta ainda a complexidade e a interdependência dos ODS e destaca a necessidade de abordagens integradas e colaborativas para alcançar o desenvolvimento sustentável. Enfatiza-se ainda a importância do monitoramento por meio de indicadores adequados e da implementação de ações concretas em diferentes níveis da sociedade para alcançar os ODS até 2030.
Dental Age Estimation using the Cameriere Method in Different Countries: A Review
Authors: Desprika Youhana Sitio , Ghora March Eka Solehuddin , Grace Sisilia Panjaitan
Published: September 2024

Age estimation is an essential aspect of profile building in forensic investigations. Age estimation using teeth is one of the exciting applications of Forensic Odontology because teeth can survive post-mortem damage, so it is considered more suitable for age estimation. This study aims to estimate the age of individuals using the Cameriere method on teeth in various countries. The approach used in this research is a literature review study design compiled based on the Preferred Reporting System for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines from several articles with a period from 2007-2024. Scientific articles that meet the criteria will be analyzed using the Cameriere method to estimate the age of individuals. The search yielded 222 studies and only 12 scientific articles that met the requirements from the specified articles obtained. The population represents countries from various countries. The sample was in the age range of 4 years - 16 years. The results showed that the Cameriere method can be used to estimate the age of individuals quite accurately in various countries. However, there were some differences in accuracy between countries when using this method.
Ötekinin Ötekisi Olmak: Türk Sinemasında Travesti Kimliğine Dair Eleştirel Bir Analiz
Authors: Özkantar Mustafa Özer
Published: September 2024

Sinema birçok kavramı içerisinde barındıran, bu kavramları kendi bağlamlarıyla inceleyen, analiz eden ve yorumlayan, bunu gerçekleştirirken ise kimi zaman eleştirel, kimi zaman gerçekçi kimi zaman ise manipülatif çerçeveler oluşturabilen bir sanattır. Dolayısıyla sinemanın bu çok yönlü ve katmanlı halleri, anlatılar içerisinde de birçok farklı kimliğe değinilmesini mümkün kılmaktadır. Bu kimliklerden biri de öteki kimliğidir. Kadın, yaşlı, engelli, cüce ya da trans bireylerin oluşturduğu bu kategoride çoğu kez LGBTİ+ kimliklerin ötekiliğin ötesinde bir yaklaşımla filmlere eklemlendiği görülebilmektedir. Bu noktada bu çalışmanın amacı Türk Sineması özelinde travesti kimliğini ötekilik çerçevesinde ele almaktır. Bu doğrultuda Dönersen Islık Çal (1992), Gece, Melek ve Bizim Çocuklar (1994) ve Güneşi Gördüm (2009) filmleri bilinçli örneklem yoluyla belirlenmiştir. İlgili yapımlar bu çalışmanın argümanı ile paralel özellikler göstermeleri nedeniyle tercih edilmiştir. Filmler ötekilik kapsamında oluşturulan kategoriler üzerinden ele alınmış ve bu nedenle betimsel analizden faydalanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, ismi geçen filmler özelinde travesti kimliğinin öteki kimliklerinin de ötekisi olduğunu ortaya koyan iz düşümlerin olduğu gözlemlenmiştir.
PROBLEMS OF CALCULATING THE CARBON FOOTPRINT IN SCOPE 3 USING BIM
Authors: Borkowski Andrzej Szymon , Maroń Marta , Olszewska Patrycja , Wójcik Krzysztof
Published: September 2024

The article presents the requirements of the EU EPBD (Energy Performance of Buildings Directive) for counting the carbon footprint (especially in Scope 3) and including it in construction projects from 2030. The obligation to count the carbon footprint will burden mainly designers, who are increasingly using BIM (Building Information Modelling) in the design process. Performing analysis and calculation of the carbon footprint in BIM models is hampered by the lack of nongraphical information on the subject in library components. The paper explains the concept of CO2 in 3 scope, also discusses currently available tools for counting the carbon footprint, and examines how many components available on the Internet already contain non-graphical information on emissions, as well as ideas for implementing this directive. The advantages and disadvantages of these approaches were presented from the perspective of various stakeholders in the planning and investment and construction processes. The aim of the paper was to present possible solutions, ensuring compliance with the EU directive by proposing specific techniques, enabling the calculation of the Scope 3 carbon footprint, using BIM. In addition to a review of existing ideas, an authorial proposal for a national repository of carbon footprint information taking into account all stakeholders was presented.
SELECTED MICROSTRUCTURAL PHENOMENA IN FSW JOINTS
Authors: Wciślik Wiktor
Published: September 2024

The article is a literature review on selected phenomena leading to microstructural changes in material welded using the friction stir welding (FSW) method. Particular attention was paid to the phenomena of grains recrystallization, as well as dissolution and reprecipitation of second phase particles, resulting from temperature changes during FSW. Temperature transformations in different zones of the FSW joints were characterized. The role of base material phase transformation in the formation of new particles is discussed. In the tested aluminum alloys and stainless steels, this process was particularly intensified in the heat affected zone (HAZ). In areas subjected to high temperature and significant plastic deformation (nugget zone and thermomechanically affected zone), this phenomenon did not occur or was characterized by small intensity. It was indicated that the phenomenon of particle formation clearly affects the strength parameters of the joint.
Twenty-eight new and significant departmental reptile records for Paraguay
Authors: Smith Paul , Maciel José , Redin Hurtado Mikel , Galeano Sergio , Stepan Nicole , Brouard Jean-Paul , Ríos Sergio D. , Ferreira Riveros Marcela , Smith Rebecca L. , Owen Matthew , Nicolay Harald , Derna Roberto , Vera Burró Alvaro , Lahaye Tito , Cacciali Pier
Published: September 2024

Twenty-eight new distribution records are reported for twenty-seven species of Paraguayan reptiles. Ten of these species are considered threatened at the national level (6 EN, 2 VU, 2 DD). Nineteen new departmental records are documented: Phrynops hilarii (Chelidae) in Misiones department;  Homonota marthae, Phyllopezus przewalskii (Phyllodactylidae), Philodryas baroni and P. psammophidea (Colubridae) in Presidente Hayes department; Teius oculatus (Teiidae), Cercosaura schreibersii (Gymnophthalmidae), Ophiodes intermedius (Diploglossidae), Amphisbaena mertensii (Amphisbaenidae), Boiruna maculata and Philodryas aestiva (Colubridae) in Caazapá department; Amphisbaena alba (Amphisbaenidae) in Caaguazú and Cordillera departments; Bothrops moojeni (Viperidae), Eunectes notaeus (Boidae), Helicops leopardinus and Hydrodynastes gigas (Colubridae) in Guairá department; Apostolepis dimidiata, Atractus paraguayensis and Mussurana bicolor (Colubridae) in Itapúa department; and Epicrates crassus (Boidae) and Phalotris nigirilatus (Colubridae) in Concepción department. Significant range extensions of threatened or poorly-known species are also documented: The known distribution of the Endangered Salvator duseni (Teiidae) is extended 128.5 km to the east within Canindeyú department; that of the Vulnerable Boa occidentalis is extended 109.2 km to the southwest within Boquerón department; that of the Vulnerable Epicrates alvarezi (Boidae) is extended 136.6 km to the west within Boquerón department and 172.4 km to the northeast into Alto Paraguay department; that of Caiman yacare (Alligatoridae) is extended 132 km west within Boquerón department to the northern reaches of the Pilcomayo River. We also document an additional specimen of the rare Philodryas agassizii (Colubridae) and confirmation of the occurrence of the disputed form Phalotris “punctatus” in Paraguay.
Federated learning for national healthcare systems: Balancing privacy and innovation
Authors: Oben Yapar
Published: September 2024

Federated Learning provides a revolutionary model for handling the United States' healthcare data while addressing privacy concerns and pushing forward innovations. FL works especially in contrast to other organizational top-down approaches that do not allow for decentralization while training AI over various datasets—patient data, for instance, are considerably sensitive. This shift is important in creating a new generation of AI solutions for healthcare that can be used to prevent deaths, improve care, and cut on expenses. Thus, when applied to healthcare, Federated Learning can help unleash the value of massive and varied datasets while remaining compliant with privacy laws. This paper discusses how FL can be implemented in the healthcare systems of different nations and how this has the potential to greatly enhance medical research, pharmaceuticals, and disease prevention. Most notable, the article describes the concrete obstacles of data heterogeneity, model accuracy, and the ethical implications of FL at scale. The outcomes of this research bring to light FL as a crucial element in how innovation can be effected without infringing the rights of patients by enhancing the capacity for using efficient delivery of healthcare in the country.
Computations of fields induced in biological tissues by electromagnetic (EM) wave in multilayered structure
Authors: Gasmelseed Akram
Published: September 2024

The assessment of the fields induced in biological tissue by an electromagnetic (EM) wave is a major issue, not only for its relevance in medical research, but also for its implications on the setting of industrial standards. This paper describes the analysis of electromagnetic (EM) absorption properties of biological multilayered structure. The biological structure comprises three different tissues of skin, fat and muscle. A step-by-step approach for the computation of the EM fields within the multilayered structure is presented. The estimated specific absorption rate (SAR) distribution in tissues due to exposure from plane waves of frequencies 433, 900, 1300, 1800, and 2450 MHz, based on an incident power density 4.5 [mW/cm2], are also presented.
A correlational study on emotional regulation and psychiatric distress in a non-clinical sample
Authors: Dikshita Borah  , Naila P
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the relationships between emotion regulation strategies—cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression—and psychiatric distress among adults aged 18-40, utilizing a sample size of 100 participants (including both males and females). The research employed the Emotional Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) to assess emotion regulation strategies and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) to measure psychiatric distress. Spearman’s rank-order correlation analysis revealed that cognitive reappraisal was negatively correlated with psychiatric distress (r = -0.35, p < 0.01), suggesting that individuals who frequently use cognitive reappraisal experience lower levels of distress. In contrast, expressive suppression was positively correlated with psychiatric distress (r = 0.42, p < 0.01), indicating that those who frequently engage in expressive suppression report higher levels of distress. These findings highlight the differential impacts of these emotion regulation strategies on mental health, underscoring the protective role of cognitive reappraisal and the potential risks associated with expressive suppression. The study's limitations include its correlational design and a sample size of 101, which may limit the generalizability of the results. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies, incorporate more diverse populations, and explore experimental interventions to further elucidate these relationships.
Approach of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCS): tool as a new targeted drug delivery system: A review
Authors: Chandan Nayak  , Nirlipta Swain  , Rajlaxmi Patro  , Manoranjan Sahu
Published: September 2024

The most significant advancement in the creation of more efficient medicine delivery systems has come from nanotechnology. The target drug delivery system is now incredibly simple and efficient thanks to cutting-edge nanotechnology. A target drug delivery system is a technique for getting the medication's active ingredient to the body's injured area. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) are an exceptional and unique development in the field of nanotechnology. Site-specific drug delivery systems can be constructed using NLCs, a novel form of second generation emulsion system that combines spatially incompatible liquid lipids with a mixture of solid lipids. This potential delivery mechanism provides longer stability than SLNs. Because of the potential advantages of drug design at the nanoscale, such as the capacity to increase immunogenicity and bioavailability, which can lead to the development of more convenient administration routes, fewer side effects, improved biodistribution, and an extended drug life cycle, the application of nanostructured and nanophases is seen to bridge the gap between biological and physical sciences.
Concept of Koshtha and Koshtha Parikshana: A comprehensive review
Authors: Saurabh Singh Hada  , Anjali Bhati  , Sneha Ghawale  , Saroj Godara
Published: September 2024

In Ayurveda, the concept of Koshtha integrates both anatomical and physiological dimensions, playing a pivotal role in understanding digestive health and Dosha balance. Anatomically, Koshtha denotes the body's cavities. Physiologically, it refers to the functional state of the digestive tract, influencing bowel movements and digestive processes based on an individual's Dosha constitution. Koshtha is categorized based on predominant Dosha influence. Koshtha Parikshana (assessment of Koshtha) is crucial for effective Ayurvedic treatment. It aids in diagnosing digestive disorders, selecting appropriate medications, and determining dosages. Additionally, it informs dietary and lifestyle recommendations and guides preparatory treatments such as Snehapana before Shodhana (detoxification) therapies. By understanding Koshtha, practitioners can tailor treatments to align with the individual's digestive constitution, enhancing therapeutic outcomes and overall health. This review emphasizes the importance of Koshtha in Ayurvedic practice, highlighting its physiological relevance, clinical implications, and its role in personalized treatment planning.
Dapagliflozin-associated euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis in 66-year-old with type 2 Diabetes: A clinical case report
Authors: Ayoub Tiflati  , Ilyas El Haddadi
Published: September 2024

Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis (EDKA) is a rare but serious complication of type 2 diabetes, often associated with the use of SGLT2 inhibitors. This case report describes an episode of EDKA in a 66-year-old male with a long history of type 2 diabetes and multiple comorbidities, who developed this complication following the introduction of dapagliflozin. Although his blood glucose levels remained within normal limits, laboratory tests revealed elevated ketonemia and severe metabolic acidosis. The patient was successfully treated with intravenous hydration and insulin therapy, leading to a rapid improvement in his clinical condition. This case underscores the importance of clinical vigilance and patient education for those treated with SGLT2 inhibitors to prevent and effectively manage this potentially life-threatening complication.
Medical ethics education and awareness: Insights from a study among pakistani medical students and faculty members
Authors: Sannia Perwaiz Iqbal  , Ursala Adil  , Ume-e-Aimen Chippa  , Hafsah Binte Sohail  , Abdul Ahad Chhotani  , Mashal Ahmed  , Ramsha Ali
Published: September 2024

This study investigated the knowledge and attitudes towards medical ethics among medical and dental students and faculty members at five medical universities in Karachi, Pakistan. Utilizing a cross-sectional, questionnaire-based design, the research included 438 participants. The study found that while a majority of participants were aware of the four basic principles of medical ethics, only 15.3% could correctly identify all of them. The primary mode of ethics education was through lectures and seminars, with less emphasis on interactive learning methods. The study also revealed a significant gap in faculty engagement and understanding of medical ethics. Although the majority of participants were aware of their institution's ethics committee, a significant proportion were unaware of its existence. The study highlights the need to enhance faculty engagement, address gaps in comprehensive understanding, adopt more interactive teaching methods, and increase the curricular emphasis on medical ethics in Pakistan.
Advancements in artificial intelligence algorithms for the detection of dental caries: A narrative review
Authors: Bahar Bonakdar  , Mahdi Akkafzadeh  , Farbod Faghihinia  , Leila Mohsenzade  , Hale Zamani
Published: September 2024

Dental caries is a common oral health problem that affects people all over the world. Diagnosing and treating it may be quite difficult. In order to ensure successful treatment and prevent the development of serious infections, early identification is essential. Visual examination and radiographic imaging are two common examples of traditional diagnostic techniques that often fail to reliably detect early-stage caries and differentiate them from non-carious diseases. New developments in artificial intelligence (also known as AI have improved the accuracy and efficacy of caries detection, which presents practical options.
Personalized cancer treatment; How AI is shaping precision medicine
Authors: Mehrab Manteghian  , Kimberly Morton Cuthrell  , Nikolaos Tzenios
Published: September 2024

The application of artificial intelligence has demonstrated promising outcomes in certain areas of oncology, such as the screening, detection, diagnosis, treatment, and prediction of prognosis for tumors. New learning methods, such as the hybrid learning method, will continue to emerge as artificial intelligence (AI) continues to advance, computer performance continues to improve, and the explosion of various data continues to make it possible for new learning methods to emerge. These new learning methods will further improve the overall performance of the model, including efficient data analysis and accurate prediction. Both machine learning and deep learning have recently produced a model that is capable of analyzing a variety of data sets, which will also boost the prospects of PM. As a conclusion, artificial intelligence-assisted prenatal care has the potential to aid in the early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer. Additionally, it can provide assistance in the selection of the most appropriate treatment plan, so enhancing the prognosis of patients and the outcomes of their treatment.
The impact of business analytics on healthcare operations: A statistical perspective
Authors: Opeyemi Olaoluawa Ojo  , Blessing Kiobel
Published: September 2024

This study examines the transformative potential of business analytics within the healthcare sector, highlighting its wide-ranging applications, the challenges it faces, and potential future developments. The primary goal is to evaluate how advanced analytical tools can enhance healthcare outcomes, improve decision-making, and optimize operational efficiency in healthcare organizations. Through an in-depth literature review, this study critically analyzes existing research and real-world case studies to identify the key trends and obstacles associated with implementing business analytics in healthcare. The findings reveal that business analytics plays a crucial role in personalizing patient care, enabling predictive modeling, and streamlining healthcare operations. These tools support more informed decision-making, leading to better patient outcomes and more efficient resource utilization. However, significant challenges hinder the widespread adoption of business analytics, such as difficulties in integrating data across diverse systems, concerns about patient data privacy, and the need for a cultural shift towards data-driven decision-making within healthcare institutions. In conclusion, while integrating business analytics in healthcare presents substantial benefits, it requires a comprehensive and multifaceted approach. This approach should include technological advancements, the establishment of robust data governance frameworks, and significant organizational changes. The study recommends that healthcare organizations invest in training programs to enhance data literacy among healthcare professionals, develop policies to promote interoperability across different data systems, and carefully address the ethical implications of data usage. Future research should focus on the long-term impacts of business analytics in healthcare, with a particular emphasis on the ethical challenges that may arise. Ensuring these powerful tools are used responsibly will be essential to improving healthcare delivery.
Optimizing data management in healthcare: Lessons from clinical trials and beyond
Authors: Opeyemi Olaoluawa Ojo  , Blessing Kiobel
Published: September 2024

This study comprehensively explores the optimization of data management in healthcare by drawing on lessons learned from clinical trials and extending these insights to broader healthcare contexts. The study's purpose is to examine the challenges, strategies, and technological innovations that are essential for effective data management in modern healthcare systems. Utilizing a detailed literature review, the study identifies key methodologies from clinical trials that have successfully enhanced data integrity, accuracy, and security, such as the implementation of electronic data capture (EDC) systems and rigorous data governance frameworks. These methods are crucial in managing the increasing volume and complexity of healthcare data. The study's findings reveal that big data analytics and artificial intelligence (AI) are pivotal in transforming healthcare data management, enabling personalized and precise patient care. However, these technologies also introduce challenges related to data security, interoperability, and ethical considerations, particularly concerning patient privacy and the transparency of AI-driven decision-making processes. In conclusion, the study emphasizes the need for continuous innovation and improvement in healthcare data management practices. Recommendations include the integration of blockchain technology, cloud computing, and real-time data from wearable devices to address existing challenges and enhance data management capabilities. The study advocates for a balanced approach that prioritizes patient privacy, ethical governance, and regulatory compliance to ensure that technological advancements contribute positively to patient outcomes and healthcare efficiency.
Data-driven decision-making in public health: The role of advanced statistical models in epidemiology
Authors: Opeyemi Olaoluawa Ojo  , Blessing Kiobel
Published: September 2024

This paper critically examines the transformative role of data-driven decision-making in public health, focusing on the integration of advanced statistical models in epidemiology. As the volume and complexity of health data increase, leveraging predictive analytics, machine learning, and real-time data integration has become essential for improving public health outcomes. The study explores how these technologies have shifted public health strategies from reactive to proactive approaches, particularly in areas such as disease surveillance, chronic disease management, and health equity. Through comprehensive analysis, the paper identifies key advancements, such as hybrid models that combine traditional epidemiological frameworks with AI, and the integration of multi-modal data sources that enhance predictive accuracy. The findings emphasize the potential of these models to optimize resource allocation, address health disparities, and provide timely interventions. However, challenges such as data quality, algorithmic bias, and the ethical implications of model transparency are highlighted as critical issues requiring ongoing research. The study concludes that for these models to be effectively adopted, there must be a balance between technological innovation and ethical considerations. Recommendations include the need for interdisciplinary collaboration, improved data governance frameworks, and the development of more inclusive models that are generalizable across diverse populations. This research underscores the necessity of combining robust analytical tools with ethical frameworks to enhance the reliability and equity of public health interventions.
Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil of Inula crithmoides L. growing in Egypt
Authors: Taghreed Abdou Ibrahim
Published: September 2024

The study aimed to determine the chemical composition and antimicrobial properties of the essential oil of Inula crithmoides L. growing in Egypt. The essential oil was obtained from the flowers of Inula crithmoides L. with a yield of 0.18% v/w through hydro distillation. Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy analysis was used to identify the chemical composition of the essential oil. The antimicrobial activity of the essential oil was tested against selected species of Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria, and Candida species using the disc diffusion method, and MICs were determined using the broth micro-dilution method. Twenty-two compounds were identified in the essential oil of Inula crithmoides, with the major components being thymol acetate (32.4%), p-cymene (15.3%), and thymol (14.3%). The essential oil exhibited significant antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with an MIC of 25 µg/mL for E. coli and 50 µg/mL for other sensitive bacteria. The oil exhibited significant antifungal activity against all the tested Candida species with MIC 50 µg/mL. This study is the first to explore the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Inula crithmoides growing in Egypt, demonstrating its potential as a natural antiseptic agent.
On the Anniversary of the Honorary President of the Vavilov Society of Geneticists and Breeders, Academician Sergei Georgievich Inge-Vechtomov
Authors: Nizhnikov A A. , Buzovkina I. S. , Khlestkina E. K. , Tikhonovich I. A.
Published: September 2024

On April 4, 2024, the outstanding geneticist and teacher, Honorary President of the Vavilov Society of Geneticists and Breeders, Honorary Professor of St. Petersburg State University, Member of the Academic Council of VIR, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences Sergei Georgievich Inge-Vechtomov turned 85 years old. S.G. Inge-Vechtomov is known as an eminent scientist in the field of Saccharomyces yeast genetics; he has made a significant contribution to the study of the regulation of translation termination in eukaryotes and the phenomenon of protein inheritance. Sergei Georgievich is the author of a number of textbooks on genetics that have received significant recognition. For more than forty years he was the Head of the oldest department of genetics in our country – the Department of Genetics and Biotechnology of St. Petersburg State University, established a leading scientific and pedagogical school, trained a number of disciples who now lead scientific teams not only in Russia, but also abroad. S.G. Inge-Vechtomov does a lot of organizational work, he made a significant contribution to the creation of the Vavilov Society of Geneticists and Breeders, to the organization and holding of a number of Vavilov Society congresses, and is currently its Honorary President. S.G. Inge-Vechtomov is a member of editorial boards of a number of journals, but the most important result of his editorial activities was the creation of the journal “Ecological Genetics”, which is currently actively developing. Colleagues and friends, members of the genetic scientific community, researchers, students and professors wish Sergei Georgievich inexhaustible energy, health, good mood and new achievements in science and educational activities.
An Investigation on the Thermal Degradation Kinetics of Wood-Polymer Composites Used in Interior Automobile Panels via Non-Isothermal Thermogravimetry
Authors: Özsin Gamzenur
Published: September 2024

Wood plastic composites (WPCs) offer a promising alternative for various automotive components, combining the benefits of wood and polymers such as lightness, strength, and sustainability. However, determining decomposition kinetics is challenging due to the intricate composition of WPCs. Therefore, this research work focused to analyze the relationship between the thermal degradation of WPCs, the degradation atmosphere, and the kinetics. The kinetic parameters were evaluated by Coats and Redfern method based on a set of TGA experiments under variable atmospheres (inert and oxidative) using 10 ℃/min heating rate. Thermograms demonstrated significant differences in the thermal properties of WPC when subjected to oxidative and inert atmospheres, despite two conditions having the same number of thermal degradation zones. It has been suggested that the process of thermal decomposition of WPC contains three weight loss segments under inert and oxidative atmosphere according to the Gaussian multi-peak fitting function. The Coats-Redfern method showed multi-step chemical kinetics and more accurately characterizes the decomposition behavior of WPC, attributing to its multi-compositional properties. Proposed reaction schemes had regression coefficients higher than 0.9809 to obtain reaction order, activation energy and pre-exponential factor.
Numerical Investigation of the Fuel Tank Sloshing Condition of a Commercial Vehicle
Authors: Yıldız Yusuf , Kibar Ali , Yiğit Kadri Süleyman
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the impact of baffles on fuel sloshing behavior within truck fuel tanks using numerical simulations. The volume of the fluid multiphase model is employed to analyze the flow dynamics of 25% diesel fuel in a 250 L tank, modeled in a 3D domain. Two configurations were compared: a tank with baffles and one without. The primary focus is to analyze fuel distribution within the intake port region during vehicle acceleration and deceleration maneuvers. The simulated scenario mimics a realistic driving situation. The vehicle accelerates from 0 km/h to 60 km/h over 10 s, followed by a 3-s braking period to reach a complete stop (0 km/h) at the 13-s mark. The simulation then observes the fuel behavior within the tank for an addi-tional 7 s while the vehicle remains stationary. Results reveal significant differences in fuel behavior between baffled and unbaffled tanks. In the absence of baffles, the sloshing motion is substantial, leading to a complete depletion of fuel in the intake port region for a duration of 3 s during both the acceleration and deceleration phases (between 10 and 13 s). Compared to a standard tank, the presence of baffles significantly reduced the sloshing amplitude by approximately 70%. Furthermore, baffles led to a 50% decrease in pressure variations on the tank walls. Temporary fuel starvation can negatively impact engine performance and combustion efficiency. Conversely, the presence of baffles within the tank effectively mitigates sloshing and ensures continuous fuel presence at the intake port the entire simulation. This suggests that baffles play a crucial role in maintaining a stable and consistent fuel supply to the engine, even during dynamic vehicle maneuvers.
Old Wine in a New Bottle? Analysis of Visual Lineups with Signal Detection Theory
Authors: Long Sheng , Kay Matthew
Published: September 2024

This position paper critically examines the graphical inference framework for evaluating visualizations using the lineup task. We present a re-analysis of lineup task data using signal detection theory, applying four Bayesian non-linear models to investigate whether color ramps with more color name variation increase false discoveries. Our study utilizes data from Reda and Szafir’s previous work, corroborating their findings while providing additional insights into sensitivity and bias differences across colormaps and individuals. We suggest improvements to lineup study designs and explore the connections between graphical inference, signal detection theory, and statistical decision theory. Our work contributes a more perceptually grounded approach for assessing visualizationeffectiveness and offers a path forward for better aligning graphical inference methods with human cognition. The results have implications for the development and evaluation of visualizations, particularly for exploratory data analysis scenarios. Supplementary materials are available at https://osf.io/xd5cj/.
Enhancing heritage and additional language learning in the preschool years: longitudinal implementation of the Little Multilingual Minds program
Authors: Escudero Paola , Pino Escobar Gloria , Diskin-Holdaway Chloe , Hajek Jonh
Published: September 2024

Little Multilingual Minds (LMM) partners with universities, multilingual communities, and early childhood centres to offer a language exposure program for heritage language (HL) and additional language (AL) speakers in a naturalistic, play-based environment. This paper reports on two implementations of the LMM program conducted in a Spanish-English bilingual preschool in Sydney, Australia. Implementation 1 focused on HL children (n= 11; Mage = 4.24) for HL maintenance over six months, while Implementation 2 expanded to include both HL and AL children (n=27; Mage=2.93) with a new cohort over one year. Both implementations were quantitatively evaluated in three key areas: linguistic proficiency (vocabulary, listening, speaking, literacy/numeracy), alignment with educational principles (disposition, interaction, interest), and task-related precursors of school readiness (attention, cooperation, engagement), using Bayesian modelling for reliable statistical testing. Results from Implementation 1 showed significant improvements in HL children’s linguistic skills from the first to the last assessment, effectively strengthening HL proficiency while preventing a shift toward English. In Implementation 2, despite challenges, the program was successfully adapted to accommodate both HL and AL children in the same session, yielding encouraging outcomes for both groups. We discuss these findings in terms of their implications for successful HL maintenance and AL learning within preschool classes with mixed language backgrounds.
Modeling and Quantification of Physical Systems Uncertainties in a Probabilistic Framework
Authors: Cunha Jr Americo
Published: September 2024

Uncertainty quantification (UQ) is a multidisciplinary area, that deals with quantitative characterization and reduction of uncertainties in applications. It is essential to certify the quality of numerical and experimental analyses of physical systems. The present manuscript aims to provide the reader with an introductory view about modeling and quantification of uncertainties in physical systems. In this sense, the text presents some fundamental concepts in UQ, a brief review of probability basics notions, discusses, through a simplistic example, the fundamental aspects of probabilistic modeling of uncertainties in a physical system, and explains what is the uncertainty propagation problem.
A mathematical analysis about Zika virus outbreak in Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Dantas Eber , Tosin Michel , Peterson João , Lopes Vinicius , Cunha Jr Americo
Published: September 2024

This work deals with the calibration of SEIR epidemic model for Zika virus outbreak, in Rio de Janeiro, occurred in 2016, based on similar numerical analysis applied for disease's evolution in French Polyne-sia islands. Demographical increasing or decreasing is not considered. Vector is assumed to be infected for it's all lifespan. Model parameters fitting follows an empirical process, by comparison of obtained results with that in Polynesia case study, featuring as satisfactory the values that best reproduce model evolution in Rio de Janeiro scenario.
Recurrent Carbon Labels Induce Bipartisan Effects in Environmental Choices Under Risk
Authors: Rahmani Azad Zahra , Cohen Doron , Hahnel Ulf J.J.
Published: September 2024

Addressing climate change requires substantial shifts in individual behavior. Providing information about climate externalities through carbon labels is a promising tool to foster sustainable choices when individuals weigh environmental against personal outcomes. We study the impact of carbon labels over time in a repeated decisions task under risk, focusing on different population segments. We ran two preregistered experiments (US samples, N = 1268) with realized carbon and monetary payoffs, examining how choice is influenced by the timing of carbon information (One-off vs. Recurring) and participants’ political preference (i.e., Democrat or Republican voters). In Study 1, we find that both Democrats and Republicans reduce carbon emissions when carbon labels were provided. Further, recurring labels significantly reduced carbon choices compared to one-off labels. Study 2 replicated the results in a within-participant design and showed that the impact of recurring carbon labels on sustainable choices cannot be explained by the strength of emission recall. This suggests that recurring labels amplify the importance given to the climate attribute in the decision process,operating via attentional rather than informational mechanisms. Our results emphasize the importance of providing climate externality information at time of use to raise awareness about climate costs and bolster sustainable preferences across population segments.
From talk to telepathy: The spontaneous use of insider language in casual conversation
Authors: Templeton Emma , Chang Luke J. , LeBeaumont Marie D. Cone , Nook Erik C , Haddox Dawson , Aiman Eliot A. , Wheatley Thalia
Published: September 2024

Close friends seem to communicate almost telepathically. A single word or phrase can be loaded with meaning that would take pages of text to explain to an outsider. This linguistic compression is undeniably efficient. But is efficiency the only reason friends often speak in code? In a series of studies, we show that when people use “insider language” with each other they feel closer. Friends, as expected, use insider language more frequently than strangers, but even strangers are able to incorporate it into their conversations. While the content of insider language varies between friends and strangers, both groups experience heightened connection when it is used. These results suggest that the human ability to say more with less confers a social advantage beyond mere efficiency. These findings also highlight a potential limitation of large language models, which, trained on explicit text, may struggle to grasp how communication shifts with intimacy and may be unable to generate insider language to foster closeness.