bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Location-dependent threat and associated neural abnormalities in clinical anxiety
Authors: Suarez-Jimenez Benjamin , Balderston Nicholas L. , Bisby James A. , Leshin Joseph , Hsiung Abigail , King John A. , Pine Daniel S. , Burgess Neil , Grillon Christian , Ernst Monique
Published: November 2021

Anxiety disorders are characterized by maladaptive defensive responses to distal or uncertain threats. Elucidating neural mechanisms of anxiety is essential to understand the development and maintenance of anxiety disorders. In fMRI, patients with pathological anxiety (ANX, n = 23) and healthy controls (HC, n = 28) completed a contextual threat learning paradigm in which they picked flowers in a virtual environment comprising a danger zone in which flowers were paired with shock and a safe zone (no shock). ANX compared with HC showed 1) decreased ventromedial prefrontal cortex and anterior hippocampus activation during the task, particularly in the safe zone, 2) increased insula and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex activation during the task, particularly in the danger zone, and 3) increased amygdala and midbrain/periaqueductal gray activation in the danger zone prior to potential shock delivery. Findings suggest that ANX engage brain areas differently to modulate context-appropriate emotional responses when learning to discriminate cues within an environment.
Rapid electrochemical recognition of trimethoprim in human urine samples using new modified electrodes (CPE/Ag/Au NPs) analysing tunable electrode properties: experimental and theoretical studies
Authors: D. Tecuapa-Flores Eduardo , Hernández José Guadalupe , Roquero-Tejeda Pedro , Arenas-Alatorre Jesús A. , Thangarasu Pandiyan
Published: November 2021

Pharmaceutical effluents are a serious environmental issue, which require to be treated by a suitable technique; thus, the electrochemical process is actively considered as a viable method for the treatment.
A photocatalytic chip inspired from the photovoltaics of polymer-immobilized surfaces: self-assembly and other factors
Authors: Ramar Periyamuthu , Aishwarya B. V. , Samanta Debasis
Published: November 2021

A “photovoltaic chip” can also be used as an efficient reusable “photocatalytic chip” when self-assembled in a particular fashion at a specific concentration ratio of the active materials.
Preparation of selenyl 1,3-oxazines via PhICl2/Cu2O-promoted aminoselenation of O-homoallyl benzimidates with diselenides
Authors: Zhang Linlin , Qi Lin , Chen Jia-Min , Dong Wei , Fang Zhuo-Yue , Cao Tong-Yang , Li Wei , Wang Li-Jing
Published: November 2021

A practical electrophilic aminoselenation of O-homoallyl benzimidate with diselenides promoted by PhICl2/Cu2O has been developed. Various selenyl 1,3-oxazines were easily obtained in moderate to good yields for the first time.
Visible light-activatable Q-dye molecular beacons for long-term mRNA monitoring in neurons
Authors: Klimek Robin , Donlin-Asp Paul G. , Polisseni Claudio , Hanff Vanessa , Schuman Erin M. , Heckel Alexander
Published: November 2021

We present a new class of visible light-activatable Q-dye molecular beacons. They are used to monitor endogenous mRNA in live neurons for up to 14 hours.
The electron attachment effect on the structure and properties of ortho-hydroxyaryl Schiff and Mannich bases – the hydrogen/proton transfer processes
Authors: Jański Jerzy J. , Roszak Szczepan , Orzechowski Kazimierz , Sobczyk Lucjan
Published: November 2021

The electron spin density of the Mannich base anion transition state.
Chirality observed in a driven ruthenium-catalyzed Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction model
Authors: Gallas Jason A. C.
Published: November 2021

Clockwise and anticlockwise chiral walls of the BZ reaction.
Phase stability determination of negative thermal expansion silicates by theory and experiment
Authors: Erlebach Andreas , Belhadj Hassine Ghada , Thieme Christian , Thieme Katrin , Rüssel Christian , Sierka Marek
Published: November 2021

An approach for rapid prediction of the phase stability of silicates with negative thermal expansion is presented, based on density functional theory simulations and experiments.
A homonuclear π-system with a singlet carbene-type α and a nucleophilic β phosphorus – the first use in P-heterocyclic synthesis
Authors: Schmer Alexander , Welideniya Dhanushi , Terschüren Tatjana , Schnakenburg Gregor , Daniels Jörg , Bauza Antonio , Frontera Antonio , Streubel Rainer
Published: November 2021

Reactions of a μ2-(η1,η2)-dinuclear diphosphene tungsten(0) complex with DMAD, PTAD and DEAD was applied to P-heterocyclic synthesis, thus combining a singlet carbene-type and a nucleophilic reactivity of a homonuclear π-system.
Organic solar cells with near-unity charge generation yield
Authors: Li Wei , Zeiske Stefan , Sandberg Oskar J. , Riley Drew B. , Meredith Paul , Armin Ardalan
Published: November 2021

Charge generation quantum yield of state-of-the-art non-fullerene-based organic solar cells is found to be near unity as probed by a newly developed methodology.
Efficient conversion of spent mushroom substrate into a high value-added anticancer drug pentostatin with engineered Cordyceps militaris
Authors: Zou Gen , Li Bo , Wang Ying , Yin Xin , Gong Ming , Shang Junjun , Wei Yongjun , Li Xiaoling , Bao Dapeng
Published: November 2021

An engineered Cordyceps militaris cell factory enables sustainable disposal of spent mushroom substrate while synthesizing valuable anticancer drug.
Optimization of SnO2 electron transport layer for efficient planar perovskite solar cells with very low hysteresis
Authors: Eliwi Abed Alrhman , Malekshahi Byranvand Mahdi , Fassl Paul , Khan Motiur Rahman , Hossain Ihteaz Muhaimeen , Frericks Markus , Ternes Simon , Abzieher Tobias , Schwenzer Jonas A. , Mayer Thomas , Hofmann Jan P. , Richards Bryce S. , Lemmer Uli , Saliba Michael , Paetzold Ulrich W.
Published: November 2021

In this work, we introduce a bilayer ETL composed of lithium (Li)-doped compact SnO2 (c-SnO2) and potassium-capped SnO2 nanoparticle layers (NP-SnO2) to enhance the electron extraction and charge transport properties in perovskite solar cells, resulting in an improved PCE and a strongly reduced J–V hysteresis.
Review on green carbon dot-based materials for the photocatalytic degradation of dyes: fundamentals and future perspective
Authors: Basavaraj Nivetha , Sekar Anithadevi , Yadav Rakhi
Published: November 2021

Systematic illustration of CDs derived from green sources for potential photocatalytic dye degradation by altering the fundamental properties.
Levulinic acid-based bioplasticizers: a facile approach to enhance the thermal and mechanical properties of polyhydroxyalkanoates
Authors: Sinisi Alessandro , Degli Esposti Micaela , Braccini Simona , Chiellini Federica , Guzman-Puyol Susana , Heredia-Guerrero José Alejandro , Morselli Davide , Fabbri Paola
Published: November 2021

PHB has been engineered by incorporating different levulinic acid-based bioplasticizers, which enhance flexibility and thermal processability of the neat biopolymer, while retaining excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability.
In vitro and in vivo evaluation of dialkylphosphorylhydrazones against Leishmania chagasi promastigotes and amastigotes
Authors: Matta Carolina Barbosa Brito da , Santos-Júnior Paulo Fernando da Silva , Gonçalves Vinícius Tomaz , Araújo Morgana Vital de , Queiroz Aline Cavalcanti de , Silva João Kaycke Sarmento , Silva João Flávio Monteiro da , Padilha Rafael José Ribeiro , Alves Luiz Carlos , Santos Fábio André Brayner dos , Barcellos Lucas Tricarico , Silva-Júnior Edeildo Ferreira da , Araújo-Júnior João Xavier de , Costa João Batista Neves da , Sant’Anna Carlos Mauricio R. , Alexandre-Moreira Magna Suzana
Published: November 2021

In our study, two new dialkylphosphorylhydrazones have been designed targeting activity against L. braziliensis and L. amazonensis parasites, and their mechanism of action, as well as their leishmanicidal activity against L. chagasi, was evaluated.
Effects of external parameters and mass-transfer on the glucose oxidation process catalyzed by Pd–Bi/Al2O3
Authors: Sandu Mariya P. , Kovtunov Mikhail A. , Gromov Nikolay V. , Kurzina Irina A.
Published: November 2021

This work describes the effect of reaction parameters on glucose oxidation in the presence of a Pd3 : Bi1/Al2O3 catalyst.
Irradiation regulates the size of Pt nanoparticles on Au@MnO2nanosheets for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Li Ting , Liu Yidan , Jia Rongrong , Yaseen Muhammad , Shi Liyi , Huang Lei
Published: November 2021

The photoinduced LSPR effect of Au NPs was applied to load and adjust the size of precious metal (Pt and Ag) NPs on MnO2nanosheets.
Pd-Catalyzed C(sp2)–H olefination: synthesis of N-alkylated isoindolinone scaffolds from aryl amides of amino acid esters
Authors: Gupta Manish K. , Jena Chinmay K. , Sharma Nagendra K.
Published: November 2021

Isoindolinone is a constituent of various natural products and synthetic biologically active compounds.
Layered macrocycles with flexibility and tunable dynamic properties for wide-range thermoresponsive color changes
Authors: Shioda Nano , Heo Jung-Moo , Kim Bubsung , Imai Hiroaki , Kim Jong-Man , Oaki Yuya
Published: November 2021

A new flexible layered material was generated from macrocycles containing functional, flexible, and intercalating units. The layered macrocycles exhibit thermoresponsive color changes in a wide temperature range.
Building up DNA, bit by bit: a simple description of chain assembly
Authors: Foffi R. , Sciortino F. , Tavares J. M. , Teixeira P. I. C.
Published: November 2021

We show that the assembly of model DNA linear chains from two types of short duplexes can be described by a theory that incorporates only very limited molecular detail.
Interfacial behavior of the decane + brine + surfactant system in the presence of carbon dioxide, methane, and their mixture
Authors: Choudhary Nilesh , Narayanan Nair Arun Kumar , Sun Shuyu
Published: November 2021

Molecular dynamics simulations are carried out to get insights into the interfacial behavior of the decane + brine + surfactant + CH4+ CO2system at reservoir conditions.
Ultrathin microporous metal–organic network membranes for molecular separation
Authors: Zhang Shenxiang , Ciora Richard , Sengupta Bratin , Li Huazheng , Belfort Georges , Li Shiguang , Zhou Rongfei , Yu Miao
Published: November 2021

Microporous metal–organic networks (mMONs) were synthesized via alcoholysis reaction between organic units with catechol groups and metal linkers. Furthermore, an interfacial process was developed to fabricate ultrathin mMON membranes for molecular separation.
Sensitivity of mixed cation/halide perovskites to evaporation kinetics of DMSO at an early stage
Authors: Kim Gyu Min , Oh Eun Seo , Jena Ajay Kumar , Miyasaka Tsutomu
Published: November 2021

The control of evaporation kinetics depends on perovskite compositions.
Synthesis and characterisation of polynorepinephrine-shelled microcapsules via an oil-in-water emulsion templating route
Authors: Lu Zhenzhen , Acter Shahinur , Teo Boon M. , Tabor Rico F.
Published: November 2021

A facile, emulsion-templated method to produce oil-core capsules with polynorepinephrine shells is presented, for pH-controlled release of actives.
Plasmon induced dual excited synergistic effect in Au/metal–organic frameworks composite for enhanced antibacterial therapy
Authors: Xu Qiuyang , Liao Xuewwei , Hu Wenchao , Liu Wenyuan , Wang Chen
Published: November 2021

The plasmon-induced “dual excited synergistic effect” over an AuNSs/Zn-MOFs composite offers an excellent and versatile strategy to improve the antibacterial performance of MOFs without any additional antibacterial agents.
Using Peer Supports to Encourage Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder to Show Interest in Their Conversation Partners
Authors: Bambara Linda M. , Cole Christine L. , Telesford Alana , Bauer Kathleen , Bilgili-Karabacak Irem , Weir Amanda , Thomas Amanda
Published: November 2021

Purpose:

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of a multicomponent peer-mediated intervention (PMI) on teaching adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) how to show interest in peer conversation partners by asking partner-focused questions about the person, their interests, or their experiences and by making partner-focused comments that positively affirm peer statements or express concern.

Method:

A multiple-baseline design across three verbally fluent high school students with ASD was used to assess the effects of the PMI, which involved training peers (
n
= 10) to support conversation and the students' use of target skills, and training the students to use partner-focused skills with the aid of a self-reflection cue sheet during conversation with trained peers in a high school cafeteria. Ten-minute samples of student–peer conversations were transcribed and analyzed. Generalization with untrained peers was assessed.

Results:

The PMI was highly effective in increasing all students' use of partner-focused skills. Gains were maintained by two students in a return-to-baseline condition. Generalization was evident for all students with varied results. Peers and students with ASD perceived the intervention to be beneficial.

Conclusions:

This study adds to the limited research showing that PMI can be used in high school settings to improve target conversational skills and provides preliminary evidence that PMI can successfully address an underresearched pragmatic language difficulty (i.e., introducing and maintaining topics of conversation of relevance and interest to conversation partners) common among adolescents with ASD. These findings invite replication to extend generality and assess the impact of the intervention on peer relationships.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.16915663
Audiovisual Speech Processing in Relationship to Phonological and Vocabulary Skills in First Graders
Authors: Gijbels Liesbeth , Yeatman Jason D. , Lalonde Kaylah , Lee Adrian K. C.
Published: November 2021

Purpose:

It is generally accepted that adults use visual cues to improve speech intelligibility in noisy environments, but findings regarding visual speech benefit in children are mixed. We explored factors that contribute to audiovisual (AV) gain in young children's speech understanding. We examined whether there is an AV benefit to speech-in-noise recognition in children in first grade and if visual salience of phonemes influences their AV benefit. We explored if individual differences in AV speech enhancement could be explained by vocabulary knowledge, phonological awareness, or general psychophysical testing performance.

Method:

Thirty-seven first graders completed online psychophysical experiments. We used an online single-interval, four-alternative forced-choice picture-pointing task with age-appropriate consonant–vowel–consonant words to measure auditory-only, visual-only, and AV word recognition in noise at −2 and −8 dB SNR. We obtained standard measures of vocabulary and phonological awareness and included a general psychophysical test to examine correlations with AV benefits.

Results:

We observed a significant overall AV gain among children in first grade. This effect was mainly attributed to the benefit at −8 dB SNR, for visually distinct targets. Individual differences were not explained by any of the child variables. Boys showed lower auditory-only performances, leading to significantly larger AV gains.

Conclusions:

This study shows AV benefit, of distinctive visual cues, to word recognition in challenging noisy conditions in first graders. The cognitive and linguistic constraints of the task may have minimized the impact of individual differences of vocabulary and phonological awareness on AV benefit. The gender difference should be studied on a larger sample and age range.
Instance contrastive learning with dynamic weighted variance for small sample steel defect recognition
Authors: Liang Yanyang , Chen Jiacong , Zhou Wenlve , Xu Ying , Zhai Yikui , Labati Ruggero Donida , Piuri Vincenzo , Scotti Fabio
Published: November 2021

As an essential element in industrial steel, automatic defect recognition can guarantee the surface quality through focused supervised learning with ample labelled samples. However, defect recognition inevitably features with data‐limiting characteristic under the influence of costly expert labelling. To address this problem, a novel framework, Instance Contrast (InCo), is proposed with the inspiration of contrastive learning. This framework consists of two streams. One with instance labels attributed to the unlabelled data in each batch for classification, which is called Batch Instance Discrimination (BID). The other with different enhanced samples embedding of the same image aggregated by a new function named dynamic weighted variance loss (DWV loss). Therefore, better semantic features can be learned by model due to the moderation of embedding distance between similar steel defect images. Experimental results on the NEU‐CLS database validate that the proposed method achieves 89.86% classification accuracy with only fine‐tuning on the 1:32 training data, outperforming other general contrastive learning methods.
Design parameters of a reluctance actuation system for stable operation conditions with applications of high‐precision motions in lithography machines
Authors: Al Saaideh Mohammad , Alatawneh Natheer , Al Janaideh Mohammad
Published: November 2021

Recently, the reluctance actuator has attracted great attention to replace the Lorentz actuator in the next generation of wafer scanners in semi‐conductor lithography machines. The reluctance actuator has a non‐linear position‐force characteristic, which may cause high oscillations and unstable operation. This study presents a linearisation technique by optimising the main parameters of the reluctance actuator to operate away from the saturation point. Also, in this study, the critical current is formulated for the stable dynamic behaviour of the reluctance actuator. Optimisation based on the Grey Wolf Optimiser is performed considering the high‐precision motion requirements and physical constraints. The high‐precision motion requirements include the desired work‐space displacement, natural frequency, and maximum force. The electromechanical dynamic model of the reluctance actuator motion system is formulated to characterise the interaction among electrical, magnetic, and mechanical parts. The simulation results show that the optimal design of the reluctance actuator works in the linear region, and for stable dynamic behaviour, the input current is limited by the critical current. Finally, a feedforward controller is designed based on the approximation of the force–current relationship to improve the tracking performances of the reluctance actuator motion system. The simulation results in time and frequency domains show an improvement in tracking performances using the feedforward controller.
Combining Swarm Langmuir probe observations, LEO-POD-based and ground-based GNSS receivers and ionosondes for prompt detection of ionospheric earthquake and tsunami signatures: case study of 2015 Chile-Illapel event
Authors: Jarmołowski Wojciech , Belehaki Anna , Hernández Pajares Manuel , Schmidt Michael , Goss Andreas , Wielgosz Paweł , Yang Heng , Krypiak-Gregorczyk Anna , Tsagouri Ioanna , Paouris Evangelos , Monte-Moreno Enric , García-Rigo Alberto , Milanowska Beata , Erdogan Eren , Graffigna Victoria , Haagmans Roger
Published: November 2021

The study investigates ionospheric electric field responses to the earthquake (EQ) of magnitude 8.3, and the related seismic activity and tsunami triggered by the mainshock in Chile-Illapel region, at 22:54 UTC, in the evening of September 16, 2015. The work is a wider review of available ground and satellite data and techniques available to detect seismically induced traveling ionospheric disturbances (TID) and irregularities of smaller scale. The data used in the experiment includes several types of ground and satellite observations from low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellites. The number of techniques applied here is also extended and includes spectral analysis of LEO along-track data and composed analysis of ground GNSS data. The timeframe of the analyses is focused on September 16 and 17, 2015 but also extended to several adjacent days, where an enhanced seismic activity has been recorded. Several examples of seismically triggered TIDs are shown, as detected by combined observations from more than one source and applying different methods, including spectral analysis. These disturbances occur before the mainshock, just after, or in time following this large EQ, and can be found in close neighborhood of Chile-Illapel or far away from the epicenter. The objective of the work was to demonstrate an increasing number of available data and techniques, which can be limited when applied alone, but their combination can provide many advantages in the analysis of seismically disturbed ionosphere. The combination of LEO satellite data reaching all regions of the globe with local but dense ground-based GNSS data and ionospheric HF sounders looks promising, especially in view of the nearby availability of CubeSat constellations equipped with instruments for ionosphere sounding. An important conclusion coming from the study is a need for spectral analysis techniques in the processing of LEO along-track data and the requirement of the validation of LEO observations with separate LEO data or ground-based data. A general but key finding refers to the complementarities of different observations of the ionospheric electric field, which is critically important in the case of analyzing ionospheric irregularities in the extended and composed ionosphere, especially if not every sounding direction can successfully find it.
Level of Diffusion and Training of Lung Ultrasound during the COVID-19 Pandemic – A National Online Italian Survey (ITALUS) from the Lung Ultrasound Working Group of the Italian Society of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Resuscitation, and Intensive Care (SIAARTI)
Authors: Vetrugno Luigi , Mojoli Francesco , Boero Enrico , Berchialla Paola , Bignami Elena Giovanna , Orso Daniele , Cortegiani Andrea , Forfori Francesco , Corradi Francesco , Cammarota Gianmaria , De Robertis Edoardo , Mongodi Silvia , Chiumello Davide , Poole Daniele , Ippolito Mariachiara , Biasucci Daniele Guerino , Persona Paolo , Bove Tiziana , Ball Lorenzo , Pelosi Paolo , Navalesi Paolo , Antonelli Massimo , Corcione Antonio , Giarratano Antonino , Petrini Flavia
Published: November 2021

Purpose The goal of this survey was to describe the use and diffusion of lung ultrasound (LUS), the level of training received before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the clinical impact LUS has had on COVID-19 cases in intensive care units (ICU) from February 2020 to May 2020.

Materials and Methods The Italian Lung Ultrasound Survey (ITALUS) was a nationwide online survey proposed to Italian anesthesiologists and intensive care physicians carried out after the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. It consisted of 27 questions, both quantitative and qualitative.

Results 807 responded to the survey. The median previous LUS experience was 3 years (IQR 1.0–6.0). 473 (60.9 %) reported having attended at least one training course on LUS before the COVID-19 pandemic. 519 (73.9 %) reported knowing how to use the LUS score. 404 (52 %) reported being able to use LUS without any supervision. 479 (68.2 %) said that LUS influenced their clinical decision-making, mostly with respect to patient monitoring. During the pandemic, the median of patients daily evaluated with LUS increased 3-fold (p < 0.001), daily use of general LUS increased from 10.4 % to 28.9 % (p < 0.001), and the daily use of LUS score in particular increased from 1.6 % to 9.0 % (p < 0.001).

Conclusion This survey showed that LUS was already extensively used during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic by anesthesiologists and intensive care physicians in Italy, and then its adoption increased further. Residency programs are already progressively implementing LUS teaching. However, 76.7 % of the sample did not undertake any LUS certification.
The Relationship Between Cricket Participation, Health, and
Wellbeing: A Systematic Scoping Review
Authors: Bullock Garrett Scott , Perera Nirmala , Murray Andrew , Orchard John , Arden Nigel A. , Filbay Stephanie R.
Published: November 2021

Summarising and synthesising the evidence on cricket health and wellbeing can
help inform cricket stakeholders and navigate future research directions. The
purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between cricket
participation, health and wellbeing at all ages and playing standards, and
identify research gaps in the existing literature. A scoping review was
performed from inception to March, 2020. Studies were included if they assessed
a construct related to health and/or wellbeing in cricketers, available
in English. 219 articles were eligible. Injury incidence per 1,000 player
exposures ranged from 1.8–5.7 injuries. 48% of former cricketers
experienced persistent joint pain. However, former cricketers reported greater
physical activity levels and mental-components of quality of life compared to
the general population. Heat injury/illness and skin cancer are concerns
and require further research. Cricket participation is associated with an
inherent injury risk, which may have negative implications for musculoskeletal
health in later life. However, cricket participation is associated with high
quality of life which can persist after retirement. Gaps in the literature
include prospective studies on health and wellbeing of cricketers, female
cricketers, injury prevention strategies, and the impact of cricket
participation on metabolic health and lifetime physical activity.
Ressonância magnética como método para diagnóstico das lesões traumáticas por avulsão do plexo braquial
Authors: Abdouni Yussef Ali , Brunelli João Pedro Farina , Neto Ramiro Joaquim de Carvalho , Todeschini Karina , Costa Antônio Carlos da
Published: November 2021

Objetivo A incidência de lesões traumáticas do plexo braquial vem aumentando consideravelmente no Brasil, principalmente devido ao aumento do número de acidentes de motocicleta. O objetivo do presente estudo é avaliar a sensibilidade e a especificidade da ressonância magnética (RM) no diagnóstico das lesões por avulsão do plexo braquial, comparando com os achados do exame físico e do intraoperatório.

Métodos Foram avaliados prospectivamente 16 pacientes com lesão do plexo braquial atendidos no ambulatório de cirurgia da mão de nosso serviço. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos ao exame de RM do plexo braquial e os achados foram inseridos em uma tabela, assim como os dados do exame físico, e parte dos pacientes teve o plexo avaliado intraoperatoriamente.

Resultados No presente estudo, a acurácia da RM na identificação de avulsão de raízes foi de 100%, com 100% de sensibilidade e especificidade comparando-se achados da imagem e cirúrgicos.

Conclusão A RM mostrou alta sensibilidade e especificidade, confirmadas por achados intraoperatórios, o que permite considerar este exame como padrão outro no diagnóstico de avulsão nas lesões traumáticas do plexo braquial.
Intergenerational differences in Russian color naming in the globalized era: linguistic analysis
Authors: Griber Yulia A. , Mylonas Dimitris , Paramei Galina V.
Published: November 2021

The present study is an apparent-time analysis of color terms in Russian native speakers (N = 1927), whose age varied between 16 and 98 years. Stratified sampling was employed with the following age groups: 16–19, 20–29, and so on, with the oldest group of 70 years and over. Color names were elicited in a web-based psycholinguistic experiment (http://colournaming.com). Participants labeled color samples (N = 606) using an unconstrained color-naming method. Color vocabulary of each age group was estimated using multiple linguistic measures: diversity index; frequency of occurrences of 12 Russian basic color terms (BCTs) and of most frequent non-BCTs; color-naming pattern. Our findings show intergenerational differences in Russian color-term vocabulary, color-naming patterns, and object referents. The CT diversity (measured by the Margalef index) progressively increments with speakers’ juniority; the lexical refinement is manifested by the increasing variety of BCT modifiers and growing use of non-BCTs, both traditional and novel. Furthermore, the most frequent Russian non-BCTssirenevyj“lilac”,salatovyj“lettuce‐colored”, andbirûzovyj“turquoise” appear to be the emerging BCTs. The greatest diversity and richness of CT inventory is observed in Russian speakers aged 20–59 years, i.e., those who constitute the active workforce and are enthusiastic consumers. In comparison, speakers of 60 and over manifest less diverse color inventory and greater prevalence of (modified) BCTs. The two youngest groups (16–29 years) are linguistic innovators: their color vocabulary includes abundant recent loanwords, predominantly from English and, not infrequently, CTs as nouns rather than adjectives. Moreover, Generation Z (16–19 years) tend to offer highly specific or idiosyncratic color descriptors that serve expressive rather than informative function. The apprehended dynamics of color naming in apparent time reflects intergenerational differences as such, but even more so dramatic changes of sociocultural reality in the post-Soviet era, whereby Russian speakers, in particular under 60 years, were/are greatly impacted by globalization of trade: new market product arrivals resulted in adoption of novel and elaboration of traditional CTs for efficient communication about perceived color
Isolated alternative crystalline silicon phase could lead to improved solar cell performance
Authors: Lim Alane
Published: November 2021

Method to isolate type II silicon clathrate films with exciting optoelectronic properties reported.
Wind speed reconstruction from mono-static wind lidar eliminating the effect
of turbulence
Authors: Rosenbusch Peter , Mazoyer Paul , Pontreau Laurie , Allain Pierre Etienne , Cariou Jean-Pierre
Published: November 2021

Light detection and ranging (lidar) is an attractive technique to measure wind speed via the Doppler effect, thanks to its flexibility. Although stand-alone deployment is growing, current standards for wind energy applications often require wind lidars to be verified against an in situ met mast with cup anemometers, which deliver point-like measurements. Analyzing 38 lidar-to-cup verification campaigns at eight accredited sites, we investigate the difference between these techniques during turbulence influenced atmospheric conditions. We demonstrate that strong turbulence results in the lidar 10-min scalar average wind speed overestimate the cup value, whereas the lidar vector average results in an underestimate. Although scalar and vector averaging provide acceptable measurements, we show that a linear combination, with appropriate weighting, reduces the lidar turbulence sensitivity by more than one order of magnitude. The resulting overall lidar-to-cup bias is within the one-standard-deviation comparison uncertainty at all sites. The resulting ensemble mean bias is [Formula: see text], where the uncertainty stems from variations between sites. We explain the experimental observations by a model derived from first principles. The developed hybrid averaging is implemented in the Leosphere WindCube v2.1 wind lidar.
The role of toroidal rotation in the very high energy confinement quality observed in super H-mode experiments on DIII-D
Authors: Ding S. , Garofalo A. M. , Jian X. , Holland C. , Grierson B. A. , Solomon W. M. , Marinoni A. , Knolker M. , McClenaghan J.
Published: November 2021

In this paper, we report the key role that toroidal rotation and the related E × B shear physics played in the very high energy confinement quality (H98y2>1.5) of super H-mode experiments on DIII-D. Experiments show that the energy confinement quality decreases when toroidal rotation decreases due to the decreased externally controlled torque per particle. Meanwhile, the total pedestal pressure in the experiments remains very high during the rotation and confinement quality change. TGYRO transport modeling suggests the contribution from rotation in the E × B shear is responsible for the confinement quality in excess of standard H-mode (H98y2∼1). CGYRO gyrokinetic simulations reveal the governing physics in the core plasma of super H-modes: significant up-shift of nonlinear the ITG critical gradient is observed when applying E × B shear physics in the modeling based on experimental data. The effects of other physical parameters and contribution from pedestal height, which may play minor roles in this study, are also discussed.
Productive and reproductive consequences of crossbreeding Dohne Merino with Corriedale in Uruguayan sheep production systems
Authors: De Barbieri I. , Viñoles C. , Montossi F. , Luzardo S. , Ciappesoni G.
Published: November 2021

Context For extensive production systems, crossbreeding may be a tool that can be used to achieve production of quality wool and meat to suit market specifications. Aims To evaluate two levels of crossbreeding of Dohne Merino (DM) sires with Corriedale (C) ewes on productive and reproductive traits of the crossbreed progeny in comparison with purebred C progeny. Methods Two studies using three genotypes – 100% C (100C), 50% DM × 50% C (50DM) and 75% DM × 25% C (75DM) – were carried out. In Study 1, growth, wool production and nematode resistance were evaluated (n = 1652). In wethers, carcass weight, subcutaneous tissue thickness, weight of high value cuts, meat shear force and fresh meat colour were also evaluated. Before first mating, the presence and number of corpus luteum was recorded to evaluate puberty and ovulation rate, respectively, in 380 18-month-old hoggets. In Study 2, fertility, prolificacy and lambing percentages were measured in 382 ewes. Key results Increasing the percentage of DM was associated with heavier animals (P < 0.01). The heaviest fleece weight, broadest fibre diameter and longest staple length were recorded in 100C, and the lowest in 75DM (P < 0.001). Crossbred animals had heavier carcasses, boneless legs and French racks than 100C (P < 0.001). Subcutaneous tissue thickness GR adjusted for carcass weight was thicker in 100C, intermediate in 50DM and lowest in 75DM (P < 0.001). Meat quality and nematode resistance traits were not affected by crossbreeding. Genotype affected the proportion of hoggets cyclic at first mating (P < 0.05), being greater in 50DM than in C hoggets, although both proportions were similar to 75DM. Fertility was not affected (P > 0.05) by genotype, whereas prolificacy and lambing percentage were greater in the animals of the 50DM vs 100C and 75DM (P < 0.05). Conclusions Wool quality, animal growth, carcass weight and composition, and onset of puberty were improved by crossbreeding C ewes with DM sires. A reduction in wool production, and minor influences on prolificacy and lambing percentage were detected. Implications Crossbreeding C ewes with DM sires can benefit wool and meat production in comparison with purebred C production systems.
Characterization of predictable quantum efficient detector at 488 nm and 785 nm wavelengths with an order of magnitude change of incident optical power
Authors: Korpusenko Mikhail , Manoocheri Farshid , Kilpi Olli-Pekka , Varpula Aapo , Kainlauri Markku , Vehmas Tapani , Prunnila Mika , Ikonen Erkki
Published: November 2021

We investigate the predictable quantum efficient detector (PQED) in the visible and near-infrared wavelength range. The PQED consists of two n-type induced junction photodiodes with Al2O3 entrance window. Measurements are performed at the wavelengths of 488 nm and 785 nm with incident power levels ranging from 100 µW to 1000 µW. A new way of presenting the normalized photocurrents on a logarithmic scale as a function of bias voltage reveals two distinct negative slope regions and allows direct comparison of charge carrier losses at different wavelengths. The comparison indicates mechanisms that can be understood on the basis of different penetration depths at different wavelengths (0.77 μm at 488 nm and 10.2 μm at 785 nm). The difference in the penetration depths leads also to larger difference in the charge-carrier losses at low bias voltages than at high voltages due to the voltage dependence of the depletion region.
Mechanisms of negative differential resistance in glutamine-functionalized WS2 quantum dots
Authors: Feria Denice N , Sharma Sonia , Chen Yu-Ting , Weng Zhi-Ying , Chiu Kuo-Pin , Hsu Jy-Shan , Hsu Ching-Ling , Yuan Chi-Tsu , Lin Tai-Yuan , Shen Ji-Lin
Published: November 2021

Understanding the mechanism of the negative differential resistance (NDR) in transition metal dichalcogenides is essential for fundamental science and the development of electronic devices. Here, the NDR of the current–voltage characteristics was observed based on the glutamine-functionalized WS2 quantum dots (QDs). The NDR effect can be adjusted by varying the applied voltage range, air pressure, surrounding gases, and relative humidity. A peak-to-valley current ratio as high as 6.3 has been achieved at room temperature. Carrier trapping induced by water molecules was suggested to be responsible for the mechanism of the NDR in the glutamine-functionalized WS2 QDs. Investigating the NDR of WS2 QDs may promote the development of memory applications and emerging devices.
Logarithmic Schrödinger equation with quadratic potential*
Authors: Carles Rémi , Ferriere Guillaume
Published: November 2021

We analyze dynamical properties of the logarithmic Schrödinger equation under a quadratic potential. The sign of the nonlinearity is such that it is known that in the absence of external potential, every solution is dispersive, with a universal asymptotic profile. The introduction of a harmonic potential generates solitary waves, corresponding to generalized Gaussons. We prove that they are orbitally stable, using an inequality related to relative entropy, which may be thought of as dual to the classical logarithmic Sobolev inequality. In the case of a partial confinement, we show a universal dispersive behavior for suitable marginals. For repulsive harmonic potentials, the dispersive rate is dictated by the potential, and no universal behavior must be expected.
A window on infrared QCD with small expansion parameters
Authors: Peláez Marcela , Reinosa Urko , Serreau Julien , Tissier Matthieu , Wschebor Nicolás
Published: November 2021

Lattice simulations of the QCD correlation functions in the Landau gauge have established two remarkable facts. First, the coupling constant in the gauge sector—defined, e.g., in the Taylor scheme—remains finite and moderate at all scales, suggesting that some kind of perturbative description should be valid down to infrared momenta. Second, the gluon propagator reaches a finite nonzero value at vanishing momentum, corresponding to a gluon screening mass. We review recent studies which aim at describing the long-distance properties of Landau gauge QCD by means of the perturbative Curci–Ferrari model. The latter is the simplest deformation of the Faddeev–Popov Lagrangian in the Landau gauge that includes a gluon screening mass at tree-level. There are, by now, strong evidences that this approach successfully describes many aspects of the infrared QCD dynamics. In particular, several correlation functions were computed at one- and two-loop orders and compared with ab-initio lattice simulations. The typical error is of the order of ten percent for a one-loop calculation and drops to few percents at two loops. We review such calculations in the quenched approximation as well as in the presence of dynamical quarks. In the latter case, the spontaneous breaking of the chiral symmetry requires to go beyond a coupling expansion but can still be described in a controlled approximation scheme in terms of small parameters. We also review applications of the approach to nonzero temperature and chemical potential.
Population transfer of sodium in a single analytical laser pulse
Authors: Ren Zhenzhong
Published: November 2021

The population transfer of sodium in a single analytical laser pulse was studied in three models: two-level sodium, three-level sodium and many-level sodium. The effect of a third state on a two-level system was studied by investigating a ladder three-level system. Two effects were found in the vicinity of the resonance frequency.
Uncertainty relation of successive measurements based on Wigner–Yanase skew information
Authors: Zhang Jun , Wei Jia-Ning , Duan Zhou-Bo , He Kan , Yu Chang-Shui
Published: November 2021

Wigner–Yanase skew information could quantify the quantum uncertainty of the observables that are not commuting with a conserved quantity. We present the uncertainty principle for two successive projective measurements in terms of Wigner–Yanase skew information based on a single quantum system. It could capture the incompatibility of the observables, i.e. the lower bound can be nontrivial for the observables that are incompatible with the state of the quantum system. Furthermore, the lower bound is also constrained by the quantum Fisher information. In addition, we find the complementarity relation between the uncertainties of the observable which operated on the quantum state and the other observable that performed on the post-measured quantum state and the uncertainties formed by the non-degenerate quantum observables performed on the quantum state, respectively.
Topology of a parity–time symmetric non-Hermitian rhombic lattice
Authors: Zhang Shumai , Jin Liang , Song Zhi
Published: November 2021

We investigate the topological properties of a trimerized parity–time (

P
T

) symmetric non-Hermitian rhombic lattice. Although the system is

P
T

-symmetric, the topology is not inherited from the Hermitian lattice; in contrast, the topology can be altered by the non-Hermiticity and depends on the couplings between the sublattices. The bulk–boundary correspondence is valid and the Bloch bulk captures the band topology. Topological edge states present in the two band gaps and are predicted from the global Zak phase obtained through the Wilson loop approach. In addition, the anomalous edge states compactly localize within two diamond plaquettes at the boundaries when all bands are flat at the exceptional point of the lattice. Our findings reveal the topological properties of the

P
T

-symmetric non-Hermitian rhombic lattice and shed light on the investigation of multi-band non-Hermitian topological phases.
Modeling and numerical simulation of electrical and optical characteristics of a quantum dot light-emitting diode based on the hopping mobility model: Influence of quantum dot concentration
Authors: Sheykholeslami-Nasab Pezhman , Davoudi-Darareh Mahdi , Yousefi Mohammad Hassan
Published: November 2021

We present a comprehensive numerical framework for the electrical and optical modeling and simulation of hybrid quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QD-LEDs). We propose a model known as hopping mobility to calculate the carrier mobility in the emissive organic layer doped with quantum dots (QDs). To evaluate the ability of this model to describe the electrical characteristics of QD-LEDs, the measured data of a fabricated QD-LED with different concentrations of QDs in the emissive layer were taken, and the corresponding calculations were performed based on the proposed model. The simulation results indicate that the hopping mobility model can describe the concentration dependence of the electrical behavior of the device. Then, based on the continuity equation for singlet and triplet excitons, the exciton density profiles of the devices with different QD concentrations were extracted. Subsequently, the corresponding luminance characteristics of the devices were calculated, where the results are in good agreement with the experimental data.
Topological phases and type-II edge state in two-leg-coupled Su–Schrieffer–Heeger chains
Authors: Luo Tianqi , Guan Xin , Fan Jingtao , Chen Gang , Jia Suo-Tang
Published: November 2021

Topological quantum states have attracted great attention both theoretically and experimentally. Here, we show that the momentum-space lattice allows us to couple two Su–Schrieffer–Heeger (SSH) chains with opposite dimerizations and staggered interleg hoppings. The coupled SSH chain is a four-band model which has sublattice symmetry similar to the SSH4. Interestingly, the topological edge states occupy two sublattices at the same time, which can be regarded as a one-dimension analogue of the type-II corner state. The analytical expressions of the edge states are also obtained by solving the eigenequations. Finally, we provide a possible experimental scheme to detect the topological winding number and corresponding edge states.
Multi-machine SOLPS-ITER comparison of impurity seeded H-mode radiative divertor regimes with metal walls
Authors: Rozhansky V. , Kaveeva E. , Senichenkov I. , Veselova I. , Voskoboynikov S. , Pitts R.A. , Coster D. , Giroud C. , Wiesen S.
Published: November 2021

SOLPS-ITER modelling databases of three tokamaks—ASDEX-Upgrade, JET and ITER with fluid drifts activated are compared to understand the dependence of edge plasma performance on machine size and other global parameters. Two medium Z extrinsic radiating impurity species (Ne and N) are considered. It is demonstrated that N is better kept in the divertor region than Ne in semi-detached and detached divertor conditions due to smaller first ionization potential (FIP effect). Together with the fact that Ne radiates more efficiently at higher plasma temperatures, this leads to an increase in the efficiency of Ne for divertor heat load control with increasing machine size. In larger machines such as JET and ITER Ne can be as efficient a radiator as N while for ASDEX-Upgrade Ne easily leads to radiation from the pedestal and loss of H-mode stability. The relative roles of various physical effects are compared for the three tokamaks based on both whole databases and in more details for chosen semi-detached regimes with comparable fraction of radiated power. It is shown that for smaller machines drift effects are more significant and divertor asymmetries more pronounced.
Principal indicators to monitor sustainable development goals
Authors: Shuai Chenyang , Yu Long , Chen Xi , Zhao Bu , Qu Shen , Zhu Ji , Liu Jianguo , Miller Shelie A , Xu Ming
Published: November 2021

Hundreds of indicators are available to monitor progress of countries and regions towards the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, the sheer number of indicators poses unprecedented challenges for data collection and compilation. Here we identify a subset of SDG indicators (principal indicators) that are relatively easy to collect data for and also are representative for all the indicators by considering the complex interrelationship among them. We find 147 principal indicators that can represent at least 90% of the annual variances of 351 SDG indicators in the past (2000–2017) and are expected to do so for the future (2018–2030) with the lowest difficulty of data collection. Our results can guide future investment in building the data infrastructure for SDG monitoring to give priorities to these principal indicators for global comparison.
Partial particle and wave information and weak duality games
Authors: Hillery Mark
Published: November 2021

Duality games are a way of looking at wave–particle duality. In these games. Alice and Bob together are playing against the house. The house specifies, at random, which of two sub-games Alice and Bob will play. One game, Ways, requires that they obtain path information about a particle going through an N-path interferometer and the other, Phases, requires that they obtain phase information. In general, because of wave–particle duality, Alice and Bob cannot always win the overall game. However, if the required amount of path and phase information is not too great, for example specifying a set of paths or phases, one of which is the right one, then they can always win. Here we study examples of duality games that can always be won, and develop a wave–particle duality relation expressed only in terms of mutual information to help analyze these games.