bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diretrizes de contratação BIM para órgãos públicos
Authors: Moura William Felipe dos Santos , Carvalho Mayana Chagas , Santos Kathleen Tácila , Cardoso Hugo José de Andrade , Teles Luiz Fernando Santos , Sampaio Marco Antônio Brasiel , Lima Stanley Acioly de
Published: October 2021

A adoção da Modelagem da Informação da Construção (BIM) no Brasil traz junto aos benefícios da metodologia não apenas novos desafios à indústria da Arquitetura, Engenharia, Construção e Operação (AECO), mas também expõe áreas pouco exploradas sob a ótica jurídica de uma relação comercial. O estabelecimento de diretrizes contratuais para projetos que contemplem este conceito ainda é tema de discussões profundas sobre como devem ser abordados os acordos e obrigações entre as partes no que diz respeito aos processos, marcos, medições e entregáveis. Desta forma, o presente trabalho buscou expor o processo de desenvolvimento de diretrizes contratuais sob a luz de um estudo de caso envolvendo um órgão público federal. Como método utilizou-se a pesquisa-participante. Ademais, após a realização da revisão da literatura, os pesquisadores se envolveram no processo iterativo de desenvolvimento das diretrizes apoiados pela interação com o órgão federal em questão, resultando na otimização das diretrizes existentes sob a forma de um BIM Mandate. Espera-se que estes resultados sirvam de base para pesquisas futuras, auxiliando outras instituições no desenvolvimento de suas diretrizes de contratação de projetos em BIM.
Gestão da operação e manutenção integrada ao building information modeling: análise cientométrica
Authors: Morais Gabriela Alves Tenório de , Palha Rachel Perez
Published: October 2021

A Operação e Manutenção (O&M) de instalações habilitadas para o Building Information Modeling (BIM) se apresenta como um emergente campo de pesquisa. No entanto, a maioria das pesquisas sobre BIM estão relacionadas às etapas de planejamento, projeto e execução. As aplicações do BIM para O&M, fase mais longa e com maior contribuição nos custos do ciclo de vida das construções, ainda são incipientes. O objetivo desta pesquisa é realizar uma análise cientométrica e crítica da literatura científica acerca da O&M de instalações habilitadas para o BIM. Os dados analisados se baseiam em 1359 trabalhos publicados, desde o início da indexação de publicações (1945-2021), na base de dados Web of Science com auxílio das ferramentas VOSviewer e CiteSpace. A rede de países, obtida por meio da ferramenta VOSviewer, demonstrou que o Brasil ainda precisa ampliar o número de publicações neste campo e ampliar suas redes de colaboração. Através do CiteSpace foi possível apontar linhas de pesquisa e identificar que tópicos relacionados aos sistemas de informação geográfica e edificações escolares têm sido trabalhados mais recentemente. Esta pesquisa contribui para ampliação das fronteiras do conhecimento ao analisar o estado da arte e identificar tendências de pesquisa.
BIM em micro empresas de construção
Authors: Paiva Junior Francisco Alverne Albuquerque , Cândido Luis Felipe
Published: October 2021

A modelagem da informação na construção (BIM, Building Information Modelling) tem transformado a Indústria da Arquitetura, Engenharia e Construção (IAEC), por meio do gerenciamento de informações em um formato digital, através do ciclo de vida de uma edificação. Porém, mesmo com inúmeros benefícios amplamente documentados na literatura, sua difusão e implementação ainda não é satisfatória no mundo e no Brasil, em particular. Neste contexto, o conhecimento acerca do uso do BIM em Micro e Pequenas Empresas (MPE) e em obras de menor porte é embrionário. Neste sentido, este estudo investigou o uso do BIM em microempresas de construção, por meio de três estudos de caso com empresas do estado do Ceará, nordeste brasileiro. Foram identificados os motivos da adoção do BIM, a dominância das empresas sobre o assunto, as ferramentas e a forma de utilização em seus empreendimentos. Ainda, foram exploradas questões sobre as formas de contratação e a relação com o cliente e projetistas. Desta forma, o estudo contribuí ao expandir as evidências empíricas sobre o BIM em MPE, trazendo reflexões sobre pontos importantes para o sucesso do BIM no contexto de MPE.
Plano de execução BIM em MPE
Authors: Paiva Junior Francisco Alverne Albuquerque , Cândido Luis Felipe
Published: October 2021

Plano de Execução BIM (PEB) é um documento para delinear a visão geral do uso do BIM, com detalhes de implementação e informações relevantes para a equipe seguir no projeto. Seu uso pode ser essencial para uma implementação bem-sucedida do BIM. Deste modo, diversos protocolos que instruem a construção de PEB foram desenvolvidos. Porém, eles não diferenciam diretrizes para as Micro e Pequenas Empresas (MPE), levando à seguinte questão: qual a percepção de gestores de MPE sobre o uso de PEB? Assim, essa pesquisa investigou a percepção de gestores de MPE da construção sobre o uso do PEB em suas empresas. Foi abordado a relevância desse plano para as empresas e sua utilização, os aspectos contratuais e o que eles consideravam relevantes em um PEB. Identificou-se que: os respondentes não haviam utilizado um PEB, mas tinham interesse em usar; a dificuldade de integrar clientes em PEB, devido sua falta de percepção sobre o BIM; e a dificuldade do uso de um contrato formal único para todos os envolvidos.  Dessa forma, a pesquisa contribui com evidências sobre o uso do PEB em MPE, o que trouxe reflexões importantes para direcionar a construção de PEB nesse contexto.
Impacto das medidas para controle da COVID-19 nos canteiros na Região Metropolitana de Salvador
Authors: Santos Mírian Caroline Farias , Costa Dayana Bastos
Published: October 2021

A COVID-19 está se espalhando pelo mundo rapidamente e há uma preocupação crescente em limitar sua disseminação e evitar seus impactos muitas vezes negativos e imprevisíveis. Considerada pelo governo como uma atividade essencial para o país, a construção civil possui atividades que, em sua maioria, são impossíveis de serem realizadas online, e diante das medidas de restrição aplicadas, são necessárias ações para mitigar os impactos devido às mudanças na forma de execução das obras ou à redução da mão de obra disponível. Esse trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar os impactos da COVID-19, sob a percepção dos gestores, entidades setoriais e dos trabalhadores, de uma amostra de canteiros de obras na região metropolitana de Salvador-BA, bem como propor ações para mitigar seus efeitos negativos. Para isso, no período de abril a outubro de 2020, foi realizado o levantamento de dados oriundo de pesquisas de entidades setoriais, além de entrevistas com técnicos ou engenheiros de segurança, engenheiros civis, operários, lideranças setoriais e especialista em gestão de obras. Os impactos identificados estão relacionados ao tempo e custo da obra, devido à redução no ritmo de produção, e no recebimento de materiais, com atraso e escassez de matéria-prima nos fornecedores.
Pembelajaran dengan Media Gambar untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Bersosialisasi Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Ayu Aida Mustika , Mukri Rusdiono , Aziz M. Taufiq
Published: October 2021

This study aims to determine learning with image media to improve early childhood social skills in class B in Raudhatul Athfal (RA) Albadariyah, Cimanggu 2 Village, Cibungbulang District, Bogor Regency. The research uses varied and interesting image media so that it can motivate children's interest. This type of research is collaborative classroom action research using Kurt Lewin's model. Each cycle consists of four stages, namely planning, implementing, observing, and reflecting. The research subjects were nine children of Group B RA Albadariyah. While the object of this research is the application of image media to improve children's social skills. Technique of data collection uses observation, documentation, and interviews. Data analysis uses qualitative descriptive techniques and quantitative approaches. The indicator of success in this study is when the average social ability of children through picture media has reached 80%. The results of this study indicate an increase in children's social skills through image media. This is evidenced by an increase in the average social ability of children in pre-action by 55.5%, increasing to 63.8% in Cycle I, and reaching 94.4% in Cycle II.
Upaya Peningkatan Creatif Mind Organization Al Quran Hadis Melalui Model Pembelajaran Critical Problem Solving pada Siswa Kelas VII MTs. Swasta Tarbiyah Waladiyah Pulau Banyak
Authors: Darlis Ahmad , Supawi Muhammad , Afriza Khairani
Published: October 2021

Efforts to Increase Analogy Analysis Through a Cooperative Type Creatif Mind Organization Model in Students of Class VII MTs. Tarbiyah Waladiyah Pulau Banyak Academic Year 2019/2020. The main factor of students learning difficulties of the Qur'an The first Hadith lack of motivation both motivation in themselves and motivation outside of themselves, this can be seen during the learning process of the Qur'anic Hadith subjects there are still many students who pay less attention when the teacher provides learning to memorize it. The second factor is the low ability of students to memorize the verses of the Qur'an in the subjects of the Qur'an of Hadith so that there is no enthusiasm in memorizing the material understanding the Qur'an on the subjects of the Qur'an of the Hadith. The purpose of this study is 1. To find out the knowledge ability of VII grade MTs students. Tarbiyah Waladiyah Pulau Banyak. 2. Describe the use of Creatif Mind Organization learning models in learning and teaching activities in class VII MTs. Tarbiyah Waladiyah Pulau Banyak. 3. To find out whether the use of the Creatif Mind Organization learning model can improve the ability to memorize MTs VII grade students. Tarbiyah Waladiyah Pulau Banyak. The results of this study are 1. That the cognitive abilities of class VII MTs students. Tarbiyah Waladiyah Pulau Banyak is very good with proven students displaying exemplary attitudes during their learning and teaching activities in the study of the Qur'anic Hadith. In the first cycle, some students seemed active in learning activities. Then, after researchers applied Creatif Mind Organization students' learning models, they were more active and responsive to the material being taught. 2. The implementation of the Creatif Mind Organization model at the beginning of the meeting took place ineffectively because students had never participated in learning activities with the model. then after the researcher enacted the action in the form of applying the model through group discussion activities, direct practice and reflecting actions in each cycle. So, the application of the model goes well along with the ongoing learning and teaching activities by involving the participation of students as Student Oriented. 3. The cognitive abilities of students of class VII MTs. Tarbiyah Waladiyah Pulau Banyak experienced a significant increase after learning the Al-Qur'an Hadith study field using the Creatif Mind Organization model.
Study on the Rationality of Utilitarian Philosophy of Law-An Analysis
Authors: M. D. Pradeep
Published: October 2021

The modern doctrine of sovereignty is derived basically from two thoughts of development which emerged during the end of Indian medieval history. On the one side there was an emergence of new National States which are curious enough to assert their absolute independence during the new age of economic expansion by rejecting the feudal notions including exaggerated lordship or papal interference and on the other side, the departure from medieval idea of law based on fundamental customs and legislations as a form of declaring the existence of new customs. The Utilitarian Philosophy is based on the consequential ideology of rightness or wrongness of any action is determined through the good and bad consequences of that act. Bentham developed a liberal theory of justice based on egalitarian principles in order to secure the life of the people in cooperation with each other. The new approach based on secularist and positivism even when the lip services are notionally subjected to override the natural law. Positivism flourishes in stable social conditions highlighting the difficulties involved in maintaining a rigid separation between ‘what is’ and ‘what ought to be’ are only projected to the forefront when conditions are critical. The theory and principles work as a manual of instructions to the legislators. This paper analyses the rationality of Utilitarian philosophy in terms of its feasibility and adequateness of law to attain welfare society.
Unclassified talar neck fracture
Authors: Duncan J , Ghalayini S , Knowles D
Published: October 2021

Talar neck fractures are serious injuries associated with morbidity as a consequence of high energy impact. The Hawkins classification has been used to distinguish different types. John Duncan and colleagues, orthopaedic surgeons at the Royal Lancaster Infirmary, describe a rare variant of a talar neck fracture that does not fit the Hawkins classification and which to their knowledge has only been described twice before.
Speciated atmospheric mercury at the Waliguan Global Atmosphere Watch station in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau: implication of dust-related sources for particulate bound mercury
Authors: Zhang Hui , Fu Xuewu , Yu Ben , Li Baoxin , Liu Peng , Zhang Guoqing , Zhang Leiming , Feng Xinbin
Published: October 2021

Abstract. To understand the ambient levels and sources of atmospheric mercury (Hg) in
the Tibetan Plateau, a full-year continuous measurement of speciated
atmospheric mercury was conducted at the Waliguan (WLG) Baseline Observatory
(3816 m a.s.l.) from May 2012 to April 2013. Mean concentrations (± 1 SD) of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM), gaseous oxidized mercury (GOM) and
particulate bound mercury (PBM) during the whole study period were 1.90±0.80 ng m−3, 12.0±10.6 and 65.4±63.2 pg m−3, respectively. Seasonal variations of GEM were very small,
while those of PBM were quite large with mean values being 4 times higher
in the cold (102.3±66.7 pg m−3) than warm (22.8±14.6 pg m−3) season. Anthropogenic emissions to the east of the Tibetan Plateau
contributed significantly to GEM pollution at WLG, while dust particles
originating from desert and Gobi regions in Xinjiang province and the Tibetan
Plateau to the west of WLG were responsible for PBM pollution at WLG. This
finding is also supported by the significant positive correlation between
daily PBM concentration and daily cumulative absorbing aerosol index (AAI)
in air masses transported during the preceding 2 d.
Ocean biogeochemistry in the Canadian Earth System Model version 5.0.3: CanESM5 and CanESM5-CanOE
Authors: Christian James R. , Denman Kenneth L. , Hayashida Hakase , Holdsworth Amber M. , Lee Warren G. , Riche Olivier G. J. , Shao Andrew E. , Steiner Nadja , Swart Neil C.
Published: October 2021

Abstract. The ocean biogeochemistry components of the Canadian Earth System Model v. 5 are presented and compared to observations and other models. CanESM5 employs the same biogeochemistry module as CanESM2 whereas CanESM5-CanOE (“Canadian Ocean Ecosystem model”) is a new, more complex biogeochemistry module developed for Sixth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6), with multiple food chains, flexible phytoplankton elemental ratios, and a prognostic iron cycle. This new model is described in detail and the outputs compared to CanESM5 and CanESM2, as well as to observations and other CMIP6 models. Both CanESM5 models show gains in skill relative to CanESM2, which are attributed primarily to improvements in ocean circulation. CanESM5-CanOE shows improved skill relative to CanESM5 in some areas. CanESM5-CanOE includes a prognostic iron cycle, and maintains high nutrient / low chlorophyll conditions in the expected regions (in CanESM2 and CanESM5, iron limitation is specified as a temporally static ‘mask’). Surface nitrate concentrations are biased low in the subarctic Pacific and equatorial Pacific, and high in the Southern Ocean. Export production in CanESM5-CanOE is among the lowest for CMIP6 models; in CanESM5 it is among the highest, but shows the most rapid decline after about 1980. CanESM5-CanOE has relatively low concentrations of zooplankton and detritus relative to phytoplankton, and a high and relatively constant living phytoplankton fraction of total particulate organic matter. In most regions, large and small phytoplankton show decoupled seasonal cycles with greater abundance of large phytoplankton in the productive seasons. Cumulative ocean uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide through 2014 is lower in both CanESM5 models than in observation-based estimates or the model ensemble mean, and is lower in CanESM5-CanOE (122 PgC) than in CanESM5 (132 PgC).
Effects of spatial resolution of terrain models on modelled discharge and soil loss in Oaxaca, Mexico
Authors: Naranjo Sergio , Rodrigues Jr. Francelino A. , Cadisch Georg , Lopez-Ridaura Santiago , Fuentes Ponce Mariela , Marohn Carsten
Published: October 2021

Abstract. The effect of the spatial resolution of digital terrain models (DTMs) on topography and soil erosion modelling is well documented for low resolutions. Nowadays, the availability of high spatial resolution DTMs from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) opens new horizons for detailed assessment of soil erosion with hydrological models, but the effects of DTM resolution on model outputs at this scale have not been systematically tested. This study combines plot-scale soil erosion measurements, UAV-derived DTMs, and spatially explicit soil erosion modelling to select an appropriate spatial resolution based on allowable loss of information. During 39 precipitation events, sediment and soil samples were collected on
five bounded and unbounded plots and four land covers (forest, fallow,
maize, and eroded bare land). Additional soil samples were collected across
a 220 ha watershed to generate soil maps. Precipitation was collected by two rain gauges and vegetation was mapped. A total of two UAV campaigns over the watershed resulted in a 0.60 m spatial-resolution DTM used for resampling to 1, 2, 4, 8, and 15 m and a multispectral orthomosaic to generate a land cover map. The OpenLISEM model was calibrated at plot level at 1 m resolution and then extended to the watershed level at the different DTM resolutions. Resampling the 1 m DTM to lower resolutions resulted in an overall reduction in slope. This reduction was driven by migration of pixels from higher to lower slope values; its magnitude was proportional to resolution. At the watershed outlet, 1 and 2 m resolution models exhibited the largest
hydrograph and sedigraph peaks, total runoff, and soil loss; they
proportionally decreased with resolution. Sedigraphs were more sensitive
than hydrographs to spatial resolution, particularly at the highest
resolutions. The highest-resolution models exhibited a wider range of
predicted soil loss due to their larger number of pixels and steeper slopes. The proposed evaluation method was shown to be appropriate and transferable for soil erosion modelling studies, indicating that 4 m resolution (<5 % loss of slope information) was sufficient for describing soil erosion variability at the study site.
Non-linear hydrologic organization
Authors: Hunt Allen , Faybishenko Boris , Ghanbarian Behzad
Published: October 2021

Abstract. We revisit three variants of the well-known Stommel diagrams that have been
used to summarize knowledge of characteristic scales in time and space of some
important hydrologic phenomena and modified these diagrams focusing on
spatiotemporal scaling analyses of the underlying hydrologic processes. In
the present paper we focus on soil formation, vegetation growth, and drainage
network organization. We use existing scaling relationships for vegetation
growth and soil formation, both of which refer to the same fundamental length
and timescales defining flow rates at the pore scale but different powers of
the power law relating time and space. The principle of a hierarchical
organization of optimal subsurface flow paths could underlie both root lateral
spread (RLS) of vegetation and drainage basin organization. To assess the
applicability of scaling, and to extend the Stommel diagrams, data for soil
depth, vegetation root lateral spread, and drainage basin length have been
accessed. The new data considered here include timescales out to
150 Myr that correspond to depths of up to 240 m and
horizontal length scales up to 6400 km and probe the limits of
drainage basin development in time, depth, and horizontal extent.
Implementation of Primary Healthcare Services in Community Health Stations in Highly Urbanized City
Authors: Gella Hanna B. , Caelian Merlita V.
Published: October 2021

Primary healthcare is integral to the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) of ensuring healthy lives and promoting well-being.  A descriptive study assessed the implementation of primary healthcare services in community health stations through a researcher-made questionnaire among healthcare providers and beneficiaries of 30 community health stations.  The results revealed that, as a whole, the implementation of primary healthcare services in community health stations is great, with maternal and child healthcare implemented to a very great extent while the treatment of non-communicable diseases to a great extent only.  The major challenges encountered are the lack of medical drugs, supplies and equipment, and medical professionals.  Primary healthcare has made contributions to the community's health improvement; however, challenges imply that the quality and efficiency of the services need improvement. The study contributed to new knowledge on implementing healthcare at the lowest level of government, emphasizing patient-centeredness.
Über-Reden durch An-Reden: Die phatische Funktion als Mittel zum Appell in englischen, spanischen und deutschen Werbetexten
Authors: Nord Christiane
Published: October 2021

Advertisements are intended to persuade the addressees to buy a particular product or service. In order to achieve this communicative purpose, text-producers make use of various strategies. Apart from directly appellative speech acts like recommendations, requests or invitations, they use referential, expressive, and phatic utterances as an indirect means of persuasion. The phatic function, which, according to Jakobson (1960), provides the appro-priate channel for communication, is of particular importance in this respect. If the channel does not work properly, the persuasive function will never reach its aim. In the following paper, a small corpus of English, Spanish and German advertising texts is analyzed in order to find the indicators of the phatic function which are instrumental in making persuasion work.
A complex mode of screen translation: the case of advertisements on Spanish television
Authors: Valdés Cristina
Published: October 2021

This study on the translation of television commercials explores several aspects of this very specific audiovisual translation subtype. Firstly, it looks into dubbing and the language policies on Spanish television, which are issues affecting the decisions on the translation of television advertisements. Secondly, it approaches the notion of a TV ‘spot’ as an audiovisual text whose main components, image and sound, form a cohesive unity that is meant to trigger a persuasive effect, but may vary in translation. Finally, it analyses an example of a television spot, in English and in Spanish, focusing on the manipulation of the text when it is translated for Spanish television channels.
Semic verbalisation: A systematic procedure for the replication of meaning in translating lexical items
Authors: Martín García Adolfo
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this article is to introduce a systematic translation procedure called Semic Verbalisation (SV), which draws on componential analysis so as to first lexicalise and then translate a word's sense components. While construing a hybrid denotational-mentalistic conception of meaning, a series of steps will be formulated that are useful for solving various prac-tical translation problems. The procedure is based on philosophy of lan-guage (Russell, Tarski, Frege, Quine and Wittgenstein), linguistics (Katz & Fodor) and translation studies (in particular Newmark). Its practical appli-cations for translation studies will be illustrated, and, in the discussion, its advanta ges and drawbacks will be scrutinised from both a theoretical and a practical perspective
Implied Audiences in the Areopagus Narrative
Authors: Gray Patrick
Published: October 2021

Much of the commentary tradition on Acts 17:16-34 too quickly glosses over the inclusion of Paul’s sermon in a larger narrative context, focusing instead on the religionsgeschichtliche background of the speech or its compatibility with Pauline thought as expressed in the epistles. This essay brackets many of the questions that have occupied the history of the interpretation so as to highlight questions of literary and theological function. Close attention to Luke’s compositional technique reveals the ways in which the Areopagus narrative is not aimed at a monolithic Gentile audience but rather engages multiple implied readers while recapitulating many of the leading Lukan motifs in the mission to the Jews. The portrayal of Paul and of the responses of the Athenians to his message is suggestive of how Luke answers for his readers the question posed by Tertullian a century later, ‘What hath Athens to do with Jerusalem?’
‘The Testimony about the Lord’, ‘Borne by the Lord’, or Both? An Insight into Paul and Jesus in the Pastoral Epistles
Authors: Couser Greg A.
Published: October 2021

Precisely what is Paul referring to in 2 Timothy 1:8 by τὸ μαρτύριον τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν? The lexical possibilities for τὸ μαρτύριον and the grammar of the phrase allow at least three possibilities. Three lines of investigation will be pursued: (1) a contextual and paradigmatic investigation to get at the meaning of τὸ μαρτύριον; (2) a more general investigation of the references to Christ in the Pastorals to see if there is any particular stress placed on the actual words and acts of Jesus; and (3) an enquiry into the structure of the immediate context of 2 Timothy 1:8 with a view to its implications for the meaning of the phrase in question. What we will suggest is that the above lines of enquiry at least suggest a plenary sense for the genitive construction. However, in the final analysis, it seems best to see the phrase simply as a reference to the testimony the Lord bore in his word and life to the saving plan of God.
Counterfeit Davids: Davidic Restoration and the Architecture of 1-2 Kings
Authors: Leithart Peter J.
Published: October 2021

1–2 Kings makes extensive use of what Moshe Garsiel has called ‘comparative structures’ in that the biographies of Jeroboam and Omri are analogous to David’s biography. Kings thus presents these kings as ‘counterfeit Davids’, and their dynasties as ‘counterfeit Davidic dynasties’. Further, the end of each of these counterfeit dynasties – the northern kingdom and the Omride dynasty – foreshadows the end of the Davidic dynasty in a number of particulars. Each dynasty’s end is, moreover, followed by a revival of the Davidic dynasty: the Omride dynasty is followed by the restoration under Joash, and the fall of the northern kingdom is followed by the reign of the reforming Hezekiah. In this, too, these dynasties foreshadow the end of the Davidic dynasty in 2 Kings 25, which is followed by the exaltation of Jehoiachin. Hence, 1–2 Kings consists of three embedded narratives – the story of the Davidic dynasty, the story of the northern kingdom, and the story of the Omride dynasty – and each of these has a similar shape. Each dynasty begins with a David-like figure; each ends in a similar fashion; and each is followed by a restoration of hope for the Davidic dynasty.
The Roman Base of Paul’s Mission
Authors: Judge E. A.
Published: October 2021

One third of those around St Paul bear Latin names, ten times more than we should expect. The types of name used suggest that most of these should have held Roman citizenship or the preliminary rank of Junian Latin. In the Greek-speaking cities of the Roman East, however, most Romans or Latins kept the Greek names they or their ancestors had used before their enfranchisement or manumission. For day-to-day purposes the Greek names alone were cited, though technically now cognomina (‘associated names’) to the Latin praenomina (‘first names’) and nomina gentilicia (‘family names’) required by Roman usage. It is therefore likely that over half of Paul’s associates ranked as Roman. If so, the view that Acts has only made Paul himself a Roman citizen as window-dressing becomes pointless. Instead we should assume that he linked himself with other Romans used to travelling on business or able to offer hospitality to him and his mission.
Justification as Forensic Declaration and Covenant Membership: A Via Media Between Reformed and Revisionist Readings of Paul
Authors: Bird Michael F.
Published: October 2021

The emergence of the New Perspective on Paul has led to renewed debate concerning Paul’s statements on justification. Discussion is divided over whether being ‘righteous’ signifies a legal status before God or represents a legitimisation of covenant membership. This study argues that both elements are necessary for a comprehensive understanding of Paul. Proponents of the New Perspective attempt to squeeze all ‘righteousness’ language under the umbrella of ‘covenant’, whilst Reformed adherents divorce Paul’s talk of righteousness from the social context of Jew-gentile relationships in the Pauline churches. I argue that, in Paul’s reckoning, justification creates a new people, with a new status, in a new covenant, as a foretaste of the new age.
Codex, Roll, and Libraries in Oxyrhynchus
Authors: Barker Don C.
Published: October 2021

The fragmented discards of a library from the ancient city of Oxyrhynchus in middle Egypt provide us with an excellent ‘sample’ to conduct a comparative analysis with the contemporary Christian books from the same city. Both the secular and the Christian books in general share common features except for their construction: the library books are rolls whereas the Christian books are in the codex format. What led the Christians to choose this ‘new technology’? Could it be that the driving reason was the protection of the contents against tampering?
Is the Messiah Announced in Malachi 3:1?
Authors: Malone Andrew S.
Published: October 2021

Malachi 3:1 is often touted as a key messianic text: YHWH supposedly announces the sending of the Messiah and a preceding messenger, a pattern confidently identified by Jesus himself. Such an interpretation continues to be published by evangelicals in both popular and scholarly works. Closer inspection, however, suggests that this conclusion is not supported by exegesis nor by all conservative interpreters. This can result in uncertainty for evangelical readers and even in the bringing of disrepute upon evangelical conclusions and methodology. This study of a familiar problem surveys the interpretative options of the identities involved, evaluates what can be said with confidence, and demonstrates a defensible christological way forward.
The Prophetic Voice of Amos as a Paradigm for Christians in the Public Square
Authors: Klingbeil Gerald A. , Klingbeil Martin G.
Published: October 2021

This study focuses upon the OT prophet Amos and his life, mission, and message in the context of Christians in the public square. After a brief introduction to the concept of the public square, the study introduces important biographical, geographical and historical facts that are relevant in order to understand Amos’ prophetic voice in the public square. Amos’ message is clearly an international message (Amos 1–2) and a message critical to religious traditions and structures that are disconnected from practical ethical living (Amos 5:21-27). The judgement motif is another relevant topic of Amos’ public discourse (Amos 7–9) and while not a popular theme in current discourse needs to be taken into consideration if one would like to learn from Amos’ prophetic voice. Finally, Amos exits his public square experience with a word of hope, reminding us that judgement and hope are highly interconnected themes which need to be presented concurrently.
‘I Hate Them with Perfect Hatred’ (Psalm 139:21-22)
Authors: Peels Eric
Published: October 2021

In this article the offensive prayer of Psalm 139:21-22 with its dubious utterance of hatred is investigated with regard to its particular language, context and intentions. First, it is argued that the central notion of ‘hatred’ does not necessarily imply malicious intentions. Subsequently, the immediate context of verses 21-22 is studied. The structure of the psalm strongly favours the idea of an original unity of the psalm, which prevents us from discarding verses 21-22 as a redactional addition. On the contrary, these verses form an integral part of this psalm, which is a meditative confession with three theological motifs in particular: a) God’s knowing and searching, b) the ethical issue of the two ‘ways’, and c) the rejection of the wicked—themes that are strongly interrelated. Within this context, verses 21-22 function as a confession in the negative mode. To the poet hating the enemy is primarily the reverse of his turning and dedication to YHWH. The emphasis is not so much on the emotions of the poet as well as on his choice to take a stand and on his attitude. Next, the utterance of verses 21-22 is examined within its own conceptual and spiritual framework, and its own religious and social life-scene. By hating God’s enemies the poet relates to God’s own hatred of the wicked and his curse on them. Finally, the question is discussed whether in today’s Christian faith and worship such prayers can still have some function.
Aberrant Textuality? The Case of Ezekiel the (Porno) Prophet
Authors: Sloane Andrew
Published: October 2021

‘Pornoprophetic’ readings of the unfaithful wife metaphors in Hosea 1–3, Jeremiah 2 and 3, and Ezekiel 16 and 23 criticise them as misogynistic texts that express and perpetuate negative images of women and their sexuality. This study seeks to present an evangelical response to Athalya Brenner and Fokkelien van Dijk-Hemmes’ pornoprophetic reading of Ezekiel 16 and 23. I outline their claims and supporting arguments, including their assertion that the texts constitute pornographic propaganda which shapes and distorts women’s (sexual) experience in the interests of male (sexual) power. I argue that both their underlying methods and assumptions and their specific claims are flawed, and so their claims should be rejected. While acknowledging the offensive power of the texts, I conclude that alternative explanations such as the violence of Israel’s judgement and the offensive nature of Jerusalem’s sin account better for the features of the texts which they find problematic.
‘Known by God’: The Meaning and Value of a Neglected Biblical Concept
Authors: Rosner Brian S.
Published: October 2021

Despite the fact that being known by God is a critical concept in biblical theology it is sorely neglected in biblical exegesis and theology. This introductory article seeks to revive interest in the doctrine by reflecting on its definition and by considering its pastoral function in the Bible and in early Jewish texts. It argues that being known by God is roughly equivalent to three related notions: belonging to God, being loved or chosen by God, and being a child or son of God. With respect to the use to which it is put in the relevant texts, whereas not being known by God adds severity to dire warnings, being known by God promotes humility and supplies comfort and security. The implications of a biblical doctrine of being known by God for Christology, Anthropology, and Ethics are also briefly considered.
Tiberius Claudius Dinippus and the Food Shortages in Corinth
Authors: Danylak Barry N.
Published: October 2021

The question of food shortages in Corinth in the mid-first century AD has special interest for the study of Paul’s letters to the Corinthian church. The letters are replete with food vocabulary, and give special attention to several food related issues within the community. A number of recent scholars have proposed that the reference to ‘the present distress’ (τὴν ἐνεστῶσαν ἀνάγκην) in 1 Corinthians 7:26 is a reference to a food shortage occurring in Corinth around the time of Paul’s visit to the city in AD 51. This paper aims to examine all the available epigraphic evidence for the office of curator of the grain supply (curator annonae) in Corinth, and those who served in the office. Special attention will be given to reconstructing the career of Tiberius Claudius Dinippus, who served as curator in the mid-first century, to reassess when and how long he probably served the office. The study confirms that there was a longstanding recurring pattern of food shortage in the city; such a crisis was especially acute in the period around AD 51, when Paul had contact with the city.
Semantic Variation within the Corpus Paulinum: Linguistic Considerations Concerning the Richer Vocabulary of the Pastoral Epistles
Authors: Baum Armin D.
Published: October 2021

It is generally conceded that the vocabulary of the Pastoral Epistles is substantially richer than the vocabulary of the other ten Paulines. Still, most of the hapax legomena of the Pastorals are close semantic neighbours to the vocabulary shared with the rest of the Corpus Paulinum. From a strictly linguistic perspective the semantic richness of the Pastorals indicates that in the process of composition their author had more time at his disposal than the author(s) of the other ten Pauline Epistles. Both in terms of syntax and semantics the style of the Pastoral Epistles simply has a greater affinity to written language than that of the rest of the Corpus Paulinum which more closely resembles (conceptual) orality. Therefore the historical question concerning the authorship of the Pastorals cannot be answered primarily on the basis of their stylistic peculiarities. In his often quoted study P. N. Harrison concluded that particularly for stylistic reasons the Pastorals cannot have been written by the same author as the rest of the Pauline epistles. However, in the light of recent linguistic research this conclusion appears to be questionable. Indeed, other criteria must be judged more significant than the semantic (and syntactic) peculiarities of the Pastorals.
James, Soteriology, and Synergism
Authors: Stewart Alexander
Published: October 2021

The history of interpretation of James has often focused on what James teaches concerning salvation in 2:14-26, and has neglected other soteriological language in the book. This study will begin by investigating the soteriological synergism of faith and works in James 2:14-26, but will proceed by examining several other ways James describes the necessary, human response to God’s saving initiative throughout the book: repentance and humility, love and mercy, and perseverance and patience.
The Temple in the Apocalypse of Weeks and in Hebrews
Authors: Church Philip
Published: October 2021

Several Second Temple texts make no explicit mention of the temple, but it cannot be assumed that this silence indicates a lack of interest. While the Apocalypse of Weeks reveres Solomon’s temple and describes it in ways that indicate that it anticipates the eschatological temple, the Second Temple is ignored, implying a strong polemic against it. Hebrews makes no explicit mention of the Second Temple, but several texts reflect a critique of temple, priesthood, and sacrificial system. Hebrews claims that the temple and its associated rituals were a symbolic foreshadowing of the eschatological dwelling of God with his people in the last days, now come with the exaltation of Christ. Since the reality has now come, the readers can no longer be occupied with the symbols.
But Ruth Clung to Her: Textual Constraints on Ambiguity in Ruth 1:14
Authors: Callaham Scott N.
Published: October 2021

Researchers commonly assert that deliberately ambiguous language in Ruth 3 kindles sexual tension in the depiction of Ruth’s nocturnal encounter with Boaz upon his threshing floor. Perhaps inspired by the literary artistry of the author of Ruth, some recent interpreters have also averred that an erotic undercurrent flows through words they deem intertextually suggestive and allusively ambiguous in Ruth 1:14 as the text reads, ‘but Ruth clung to her’. The present study critically examines this proposal in light of interrelated semantic, syntactic, and intertextual literary evidence.
The Deliverance of Rahab (Joshua 2, 6) as the Gentile Exodus
Authors: Lunn Nicholas P.
Published: October 2021

This short article argues for an intertextual interpretation of the Rahab narratives in the book of Joshua in the light of the deliverance of the Hebrews from Egypt as recorded in the book of Exodus. The presence of a range of different verbal and thematic correspondences supports such a notion. This is further confirmed once a structural parallelism between the two portions of text is identified. Suggestions are given as to what the relationship was designed to indicate.
The King and the Reader: Hermeneutical Reflections on 1 Kings 20-21
Authors: Hadjiev T. S.
Published: October 2021

1 Kings 20–21 offers a critical portrayal of Ahab as a king who practices neither mercy, nor justice in his dealings with his subjects but who strives to present a public image of himself as a king of mercy and justice. His character would have been seen by the exilic/post-exilic readership of the book of Kings as prefiguring their own experience of judgement and providing them with a model of repentance in the face of inevitable doom.
What about the Gibeonites?
Authors: Ford William
Published: October 2021

This article considers the story of the Gibeonites in Joshua 9–10 in the context of modern theological questions about the conquest of Canaan. It looks at the portrayal and perspectives of the four main groups in the story (kings, Gibeonites, Israel, and YHWH) and argues that reading Joshua 9 and 10 together shows that the Gibeonites were exempted from hòerem (destruction) because of their response to YHWH and Israel. Combined with the story of Rahab, this story suggests that the Canaanites as a whole are not doomed to destruction, but that their response to YHWH makes a difference.
Infant Baptism in the First-Century Presupposition Pool
Authors: Nicoletti Steven A.
Published: October 2021

The debate over infant baptism in the apostolic church was classically captured in the exchanges between Joachim Jeremias and Kurt Aland. Most debates have focussed on ‘reading between the lines’ of first-century Christian texts, and have yielded little resolution of the New Testament’s silence. Such studies often fail to address the significance of the silence itself, within its original context. In this paper I examine the practices of first-century Judaism and Graeco-Roman religions regarding infant initiation and participation in their parents’ religion, including the Graeco-Roman practice of the dies lustricus and the involvement of children in Graeco-Roman worship. Using Theo Vennemann’s concept of presupposition pools, I will ask how the early church’s silence should be interpreted in light of the original audiences’ presuppositions. I will argue that since the New Testament and other surviving works of the early church do not address their audiences’ presupposition that their infants would be initiated into their religion, it indicates that they shared rather than challenged this widely held assumption. The New Testament’s silence is therefore best interpreted as indicating the practice of infant baptism.
Does Πίστις Mean ‘Faith(Fulness)’ in Paul?
Authors: McFadden Kevin W.
Published: October 2021

This article argues that ‘faith’ and ‘faithfulness’ are two distinct meanings of πίστις in Paul. Many Pauline scholars write as if πίστις means ‘faith’ and ‘faithfulness’ at the same time, using glosses like ‘faith(fulness)’ and ‘faith/faithfulness’. But I argue that a distinction between the active meaning of πίστις (faith) and its passive meaning (faithfulness) is evident in Paul. The main pieces of evidence supporting this distinction are contexts in which Paul uses πίστις interchangeably or in parallel with the verb πιστεύω and contexts in which Paul uses πίστις with an object of faith indicated by a prepositional phrase. I conclude that Pauline scholars should not use the gloss ‘faith(fulness)’ for the word πίστις.
The Meaning of Χειρόγραφον in Colossians 2:14 Revisited
Authors: Kim Kyu Seop
Published: October 2021

In this article we explore the uses of χειρόγραφον in ancient papyri and ostraca and conclude that χειρόγραφον does not refer to a debt certificate, contrary to scholars’ consensus (except for Peter Arzt-Grabner). Instead, χειρόγραφον was used to express various handwritten declarations including receipts, loans, contracts, and records of oath in ancient Greek papyri. In particular, χειρόγραφον and its cognate words are used in the formula of declaration (ὁμολογῶ κατὰ τοῦτο τὸ χειρόγραφον) and with the expression of oath (χειρογραφία ὅρκου). Xειρόγραφον in Colossians 2:14 can be interpreted in this context. Declaration or oath on the observance of religious regulations was significant in ancient paganism and Judaism. Thus, χειρόγραφον τοῖς δόγμασιν in Colossians 2:14 can be read as the handwritten document which contains the declaration or oath with regard to the observance of religious regulations.
Impact of COVID-19 on Academic and Psychological aspects of Undergraduate Students in Bangladesh: A Case Study
Authors: Ahmmed Md. Mortuza , Rahman M. Mostafizur , Bhowmik Abhijit , Siddiqua Ayesha
Published: October 2021

Undergraduate students are considered susceptible in terms of anxiety, drug abuse, depression, and bad dietary habits in comparison to the general people. Their academic and psychological facets have severely been altered due to COVID-19 pandemic. The objective of this study is to identify the effect of COVID-19 on the academic and psychological aspects of undergraduate students in Bangladesh accompanied by other pertinent factors. Data were accumulated from the undergraduate students of the Fall semester 2020-21 of American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB) by questionnaire provided through Microsoft Forms. The associations among the variables were assessed through the chi-square test. All the statistical analyses required to meet the goals of the study were done through Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Nearly one-fourth of the students suffered from anxiety and depression at an extreme level while close to one-third of them suffered quite a bit signaling a tormenting psychological state of the students. Chi-square tests found that depression, anxiety, study hour, assessment of online learning, and income issue due to COVID-19 of the student had a highly significant association with effects on their study and psychological aspects. Failure to address the aforesaid issues during an epidemic might have negative consequences on the academic and psychological aspects in the long run.