bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El juez eclesiástico en los procesos de nulidad matrimonial a partir del motu proprio Mitis Iudex Dominus Iesus
Authors:   , Galvis Jiménez Juan Pablo
Published: July 2022

La implementación del motu proprio Mitis Iudex Dominus Iesus en las diócesis, ha provocado varios retos para los Obispos. Uno de ellos es la constitución de su propio tribunal eclesiástico donde no lo hubiera y la de seleccionar el personal idóneo para la delicada labor judicial. El presente trabajo se centra en el cargo del juez en el proceso especial para las causas de declaración de nulidad matrimonial en primera instancia. El autor describe la función del juez en un recorrido histórico desde el abrogado Código de 1917 hasta la entrada en vigor del citado motu proprio. Analiza los aspectos que debe considerar el juez para emitir su voto antes de la sesión de fallo en las causas de declaración de nulidad. Finalmente, el autor propone la integración de los principios, criterios y novedades establecidos por la reforma en la actuación del juez, a través de aspectos prácticos que contribuyan a la administración de la justicia desde una perspectiva más cercana a los fieles.
“Porque juntos, todo; porque solos, poco; porque sin ti, nada”. Memorias colectivas y estéticas de re-existencia en la comunidad de San Isidro, Risaralda
Authors:   , Pavas Cerón José Geovanny
Published: July 2022

Los territorios son espacios sociales, por ende, históricos y cambiantes; la investigación tiene lugar en la vereda San Isidro, Risaralda, territorio antiguamente habitado por aborígenes Quimbayas y esclavos africanos, re-configurado a partir de procesos como la conquista hispánica, colonización antioqueña, el tren, entre otros. Su historia evidencia los distintos tipos de violencia ejercidas hacia quienes han habitado el territorio, algunas de las cuales se mantienen vigentes como prácticas históricas y reiterativas, sedimentadas y arraigadas en las memorias colectivas del territorio. De allí que, como objetivo de la tesis, se proponga el diseño e implementación de un dispositivo de acompañamiento psicosocial para la comunidad de San Isidro, que intervenga memorias colectivas asociadas a violencias territoriales, a través de estéticas de re-existencia.
Tierra de memorias : la memoria colectiva como proceso de transformación social para la construcción de paz en Buenaventura
Authors:   , Caicedo Angulo John Erick
Published: July 2022

Esta investigación, tiene como interés principal comprender el rol que ha tenido la Minga por la Memoria como un proceso de transformación social para la construcción de culturas paz en la ciudad de Buenaventura entre el año 2010 y 2021. De igual manera, pretende desentrañar las formas de articulaciones locales para la construcción de memoria colectiva. En este ejercicio investigativo, participaron los y las intelectuales de la Minga, los cuales son personas que, representan distintas iniciativas que desde sus conocimientos otros, como el teatro, la danza, los cantos tradicionales del pacifico, la música urbana, los tejidos, la pintura, la poesía y los ejercicios espirituales, realizan acciones colectivas para recordar y mantener viva la memoria de las personas víctimas del conflicto armado interno colombiano; con ellos y ellas se sostuvieron conversaciones reflexivas, sobre temas relacionados con el sentido, las maneras y las potencias que emergen en la vida de las personas que participan de los encuentros públicos de la Minga. Los resultados de la experiencia nos permiten ver que, existen posibilidades de transformación social para vivir con dignidad y en paz en el territorio y, que desde una mirada transdisciplinar le aportan elementos concretos a los abordajes psicosociales para reconocer que el escenario de construcción de conocimiento está abierto entre los conocimiento científico-académicos y los saberes que se tejen en medio de las comunidades como es el caso de Buenaventura que le ha mostrado al mundo formas de resistencia y re-existencias que no permiten el rompimiento de los vínculos sociales y comunitarios que los hacen ser y estar en relación con el territorio.
La formación sacramental de la persona en condición de discapacidad en el Canon 777-4
Authors:   , Pachon Vergara Hector Mauricio
Published: July 2022

La implementación de una formación catequética a personas con discapacidad física o psíquica en la Iglesia particular es un reto tanto para Obispos como para párrocos y catequistas, ya que se deben implementar estrategias pastorales y pedagógicas para cada persona según El grado de discapacidad presentada. Este trabajo busca comprender a través de la historia cómo el magisterio ha delegado la responsabilidad a Obispos y párrocos en el desarrollo de procesos de formación catequética para personas con discapacidad, llevando a cabo la tarea evangelizadora ordenada por Cristo a sus apóstoles. A su vez pretende mostrar cómo el magisterio de la Iglesia introduce el derecho a dicha formación en el Código de Derecho Canónico de 1983 en el canon 777 con el numeral 4 abriendo la posibilidad a ser formados, algo que en anterior código no contemplaba, además la nueva propuesta que realiza el Directorio General para la catequesis con un enfoque de inclusión social y humanístico frente a la discapacidad. Finalmente, esta investigación se sustenta bajo un enfoque histórico-sistemático que fundamenta la aplicabilidad pastoral del tema seleccionado.
Hacia un derecho canónico más humano, eficiente y equitativo
Authors:   , Vides Labarces Barcelay de Jesús Pbro. , Rodríguez Venegas Mario C.O.
Published: July 2022

El derecho eclesial pese a ser coactivo es un instrumento que está al servicio de la salvación integral de la persona humana y por ende es instrumento de comunión. Ahora bien, el derecho procesal y penal se orienta a proteger esa comunión desde los recursos que le son propios. De esta manera podemos verificar que el Derecho Eclesial, objetivado en sus cánones y en los diversos procesos judiciales que adelanta tiene como fundamento inmediato a la persona humana y como fundamento último dar Gloria a Dios al restituir y exaltar la verdad.
Edad mínima para el matrimonio
Authors:   , Barrera López Luis Ignacio Pbro.
Published: July 2022

La fijación de la edad mínima para contraer matrimonio ha sido una preocupación de la humanidad desde las épocas más antiguas. En el Antiguo Testamento los rabinos judíos teniendo en cuenta la gran influencia que ejercían los padres sobre los hijos, fijaron la edad mínima para el matrimonio en doce años para la mujer y trece para el varón y así se mantuvo en el Nuevo Testamento, En la Antigua Roma, se propone la edad de doce años para la mujer y mismo para el varón, aunque el matrimonio de estos jóvenes no se podía celebrar sin el permiso de los padres.
Canon 1099 y el error pervicax código 1983
Authors:   , Vargas Peláez Reinaldo
Published: July 2022

Se define el error como un juicio falso o equivocado sobre una realidad (cosa, hecho, norma de conducta o persona). En materia matrimonial, la falsa aprehensión de la realidad que subyace en todo error, puede darse: acerca de la identidad de la persona misma del contrayente o acerca de sus cualidad (error facti: error de hecho), acerca de la identidad del matrimonio mismo o acerca de sus cualidades o propiedades esenciales (unidad e indisolubilidad), y dignidad sacramental (error iuris: error de derecho).
Resistencias para no perder la cordura : afectaciones psicosociales y procesos de agencia y resistencias que llevamos las mujeres en el marco de nuestras migraciones en el contexto fronterizo entre Nogales, Sonora y Nogales, Arizona
Authors:   , Eguia Ornelas Bernadette de María
Published: July 2022

El presente trabajo de grado consiste en una investigación-acción participativa (IAP) que tiene por objetivo reconocer las afectaciones psicosociales y los procesos de agencia y resistencia que vivimos las mujeres en el marco de nuestras migraciones en el contexto fronterizo entre Nogales, Sonora y Nogales, Arizona (México – Estados Unidos). Para el análisis del contenido de esta investigación, constantemente estuve en diálogo con los abordajes psicosociales y los enfoques feministas interseccionales y transnacionales de las migraciones. Durante la investigación-acción participativa, se construyó e implementó un dispositivo de acompañamiento psicosocial -desde y para- las personas que migramos y que habitamos las fronteras, de manera que los espacios de encuentro y acompañamiento posibiliten la resignificación de nuestros procesos migratorios y potencialicen espacios de agencia y resistencias frente a los múltiples dispositivos de control que atraviesan nuestras migraciones.
Compensation of Thermally Induced Errors in Five-Axis Computer Numerical Control Machining Centers Equipped With Different Spindles
Authors: Horejš Otakar , Mareš Martin , Havlík Lukáš
Published: July 2022

Thermally induced errors are the dominant source of inaccuracy in machine tools today and are often the most difficult type of error to reduce. Software compensation of thermally induced displacements at the tool center point (TCP) is a widely employed error reduction technique due to its cost-effectiveness and ease of implementation. Transfer function (TF)-based compensation methods lead to promising results, as has been shown in previous studies. Furthermore, machine tool manufacturers frequently offer the same type of machine tool equipped with different spindle units. This leads to different thermal deformation behavior depending on the specific spindle unit mounted in the machine tool. To demonstrate this difference, experimental research is carried out on three five-axis computer numerical control (CNC) machining centers of the same type equipped with three different spindle units. The experimentally obtained thermal errors at the TCP of three machine tools with different mounted spindle units are compared, showing a significant variation in thermal errors in the Z-direction depending on the spindle unit. The research presented in this paper shows a dynamic approach to thermal error compensation of five-axis CNC machining centers considering different spindle units. System identification theory is applied to build dynamic thermal error models for three different spindle units based on calibration experiments. Subsequently, the evaluation of model performance through spindle spectrum tests shows that a reduction in thermal error of up to 85% was achieved in the Z-direction after compensation.
Approximate Motion Generation of an Epicyclic Gear Train With Noncircular Gears Based on Optimization–Homotopy Algorithm
Authors: Wang Lei , Sun Liang , Yu Gaohong , Zhou Yuzhu
Published: July 2022

This study aims to make approximate motion generation that has multiple solutions to facilitate the selection of the best mechanism parameters. Therefore, an approximate synthesis method for an epicyclic gear train (EGT) with noncircular gears based on optimization–homotopy algorithm is proposed in this paper. First, the multipose synthesis objective function of a simplified model of EGT (planar RR dyad) is established. The approximate motion generation is transformed into the extremum problem of multivariate function, and a variable is introduced to expand the solution space. A homotopy algorithm is used to solve the gradient equation of the objective function to obtain the finite range solution domain. Second, the feasible solution domain of EGT is obtained by identifying the total rotation of revolute joints of the RR dyad, and a mechanism error evaluation index is established. In accordance with actual constraints, the most suitable solution is selected in the feasible solution domain, and the relative angular displacement relationship of the selected RR dyad is used to determine the transmission ratio and pitch curve of noncircular gears to realize the design of an EGT. Lastly, a design example is provided to illustrate the feasibility of the method.
Interspecific competition limits bird species’ ranges in tropical mountains
Authors: Freeman Benjamin G. , Strimas-Mackey Matthew , Miller Eliot T.
Published: July 2022

Species’ geographic ranges are limited by climate and species interactions. Climate is the prevailing explanation for why species live only within narrow elevational ranges in megadiverse biodiverse tropical mountains, but competition can also restrict species’ elevational ranges. We test contrasting predictions of these hypotheses by conducting a global comparative test of birds’ elevational range sizes within 31 montane regions, using more than 4.4 million citizen science records from eBird to define species’ elevational ranges in each region. We find strong support that competition, not climate, is the leading driver of narrow elevational ranges. These results highlight the importance of species interactions in shaping species’ ranges in tropical mountains, Earth’s hottest biodiversity hotspots.
Setting college students up for success
Inclusive Teaching
Kelly A. Hogan and Viji Sathy
West Virginia University Press, 2022. 272 pp.
Authors: Hsu Jeremy L.
Published: July 2022

A pair of researchers outline strategies for ensuring that postsecondary courses are inclusive
The virtual worlds of the metaverse
The Metaverse: And How It Will Revolutionize Everything
Matthew Ball
Liveright, 2022. 352 pp.
Authors: Greenbaum Dov
Published: July 2022

An immersive internet is just around the corner, for better or worse
Blots on a field?
Authors: Piller Charles
Published: July 2022

A neuroscience image sleuth finds signs of fabrication in scores of Alzheimer’s articles, threatening a reigning theory of the disease
In Science Journals
Authors: Lopez Bianca , Suleymanov Yury , Osborne Ian S. , Yeston Jake , Grocholski Brent , Fogg Christiana N. , Erkes Dan A. , Vinson Valda , Alderton Gemma , Nusinovich Yevgeniya , Funk Michael A. , Hines Pamela J. , Szuromi Phil , Scanlon Seth Thomas , Wong Wei , Klein Christine
Published: July 2022

Highlights from the
Science
family of journals
Deadly pest reaches Oregon, sparking fears for ash trees
Authors: Popkin Gabriel
Published: July 2022

Emerald ash borer has already killed millions of trees
Half of Americans anticipate a U.S. civil war soon, survey finds
Authors: Ortega Rodrigo Pérez
Published: July 2022

Findings suggest rising gun violence will spill into the political sphere, driven by conspiracy theories
Whole-Genome Sequencing Analyses of Heat-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolated from Brazilian Beef
Authors: Machado Maxsueli Aparecida Moura , Castro Vinicius Silva , Carvalho Ricardo César Tavares , Figueiredo Eduardo Eustáquio de Souza , Conte-Junior Carlos Adam
Published: July 2022

Four
Escherichia coli
isolates with moderate or high heat resistance were sequenced. Through sequencing, truncated transmissible locus of stress tolerance (tLST) variants tLST1 and tLSTa were identified in the three isolates. The most identified tLST genes (
clpK
and
hsp
) are responsible for the homeostasis module.
Constitutive Phenotypic Modification of Lipid A in Clinical Acinetobacter baumannii Isolates
Authors: Kim Su-Hyun , Yun Sohyeon , Park Woojun
Published: July 2022

The widespread presence of MDR pathogens, including
A. baumannii
, is causing serious hospital-acquired infections worldwide. Extensive surveillance of MDR clinical
A. baumannii
isolates has been conducted, but the underlying mechanisms for their development of MDR phenotypes are often neglected.
Supplemental Material: Critical metal enrichment in crustal melts: The role of metamorphic mica
Authors: Kunz Barbara E. , al. et
Published: July 2022

Appendix S1 (sample descriptions), Appendix S2 (table with mineral assemblages), Appendix S3 (detailed methods description for LA-ICP-MS analysis), Appendix S4 (LA-ICP-MS spot locations), and Appendix S5 (major- and trace-element data table for samples and secondary standard). 
Supplemental Material: Direct constraints on in situ stress state from deep drilling into the Nankai subduction zone, Japan
Authors: Tobin Harold J. , al. et
Published: July 2022

Time-series data from the stepped-rate injection test (SRIT) at Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Site C0002. 
Establishing a baseline for surgical care in Mongolia: a situational analysis using the six indicators from the Lancet Commission on Global Surgery
Authors: Nunez Jade M , Nellermoe Jonathan , Davis Andrea , Ruhnke Simon , Gonchigjav Battsetseg , Bat-Erdene Nomindari , Zorigtbaatar Anudari , Jalali Ali , Bagley Kevin , Katz Micah , Pioli Hannah , Bat-Erdene Batsaikhan , Erdene Sarnai , Orgoi Sergelen , Price Raymond R , Lundeg Ganbold
Published: July 2022

Objectives

To inform national planning, six indicators posed by the Lancet Commission on Global Surgery were collected for the Mongolian surgical system. This situational analysis shows one lower middle-income country’s ability to collect the indicators aided by a well-developed health information system.

Design

An 11-year retrospective analysis of the Mongolian surgical system using data from the Health Development Center, National Statistics Office and Household Socio-Economic Survey. Access estimates were based on travel time to capable hospitals. Provider density, surgical volume and postoperative mortality were calculated at national and regional levels. Protection against impoverishing and catastrophic expenditures was assessed against standard out-of-pocket expenditure at government hospitals for individual operations.

Setting

Mongolia’s 81 public hospitals with surgical capability, including tertiary, secondary and primary/secondary facilities.

Participants

All operative patients in Mongolia’s public hospitals, 2006–2016.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

Primary outcomes were national-level results of the indicators. Secondary outcomes include regional access; surgeons, anaesthesiologists and obstetricians (SAO) density; surgical volume; and perioperative mortality.

Results

In 2016, 80.1% of the population had 2-hour access to essential surgery, including 60% of those outside the capital. SAO density was 47.4/100 000 population. A coding change increased surgical volume to 5784/100 000 population, and in-hospital mortality decreased from 0.27% to 0.14%. All households were financially protected from caesarean section. Appendectomy carried 99.4% and 98.4% protection, external femur fixation carried 75.4% and 50.7% protection from impoverishing and catastrophic expenditures, respectively. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy carried 42.9% protection from both.

Conclusions

Mongolia meets national benchmarks for access, provider density, surgical volume and postoperative mortality with notable limitations. Significant disparities exist between regions. Unequal access may be efficiently addressed by strengthening or building key district hospitals in population-dense areas. Increased financial protections are needed for operations involving hardware or technology. Ongoing monitoring and evaluation will support the development of context-specific interventions to improve surgical care in Mongolia.
Factors influencing utilisation of services provided by community midwives and their non-retention in district Thatta, Pakistan: a qualitative study protocol
Authors: Khowaja Bakhtawar M Hanif , Shahil Feroz Anam , Saleem Sarah
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Drawing on the well-acknowledged evidence of community midwives services to address the issue of high maternal mortality, the Government of Pakistan initiated the Community Midwifery (CMW) programme in 2006 to provide skilled birth attendance to pregnant women living in rural areas. Despite a large investment in CMW programme, the availability of community midwives in rural areas following their training is a constant struggle. The concerns related to the training, support and acceptability of community midwives need to be studied in order to identify gaps in the provision of skilled maternal and newborn healthcare. Therefore, this study aims to explore factors influencing the utilisation of services provided by community midwives and their non-retention in district Thatta, Pakistan.

Methods and analysis

The study will use a qualitative exploratory research design. The data will be collected through semistructured interviews and an approach of purposive sampling for the selection of participants for interviews. The study will be conducted in one of the rural districts Thatta of Province Sindh, Pakistan. The data will be collected through key informant interviews (KIIs) and in-depth interviews (IDIs). The KIIs will be conducted with officials of the health department (Thatta), the provincial maternal and newborn child health programme, and the Midwifery Association of Pakistan. The IDIs will be conducted with midwifery students, community midwives working and not working in the district, and community women of district Thatta. Data will be analysed through qualitative data analysis software NVivo V.10 and the thematic analysis approach.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval for this study has been obtained from the Aga Khan University Ethical Review Committee (2020-3391-11138). The results of the study will be disseminated to the scientific community, to policy-makers involved in CMW programme training and implementation, and to the research subjects participating in the study.
Patient preferences for facility-based management of hypertension and diabetes in rural Uganda: a discrete choice experiment
Authors: Moor Sarah EG , Tusubira Andrew K , Wood Dallas , Akiteng Ann R , Galusha Deron , Tessier-Sherman Baylah , Donroe Evelyn Hsieh , Ngaruiya Christine , Rabin Tracy L , Hawley Nicola L , Armstrong-Hough Mari , Nakirya Brenda D , Nugent Rachel , Kalyesubula Robert , Nalwadda Christine , Ssinabulya Isaac , Schwartz Jeremy I
Published: July 2022

Objective

To explore how respondents with common chronic conditions—hypertension (HTN) and diabetes mellitus (DM)—make healthcare-seeking decisions.

Setting

Three health facilities in Nakaseke District, Uganda.

Design

Discrete choice experiment (DCE).

Participants

496 adults with HTN and/or DM.

Main outcome measures

Willingness to pay for changes in DCE attributes: getting to the facility, interactions with healthcare providers, availability of medicines for condition, patient peer-support groups; and education at the facility.

Results

Respondents were willing to pay more to attend facilities that offer peer-support groups, friendly healthcare providers with low staff turnover and greater availabilities of medicines. Specifically, we found the average respondent was willing to pay an additional 77 121 Ugandan shillings (UGX) for facilities with peer-support groups over facilities with none; and 49 282 UGX for 1 month of medicine over none, all other things being equal. However, respondents would have to compensated to accept facilities that were further away or offered health education. Specifically, the average respondent would have to be paid 3929 UGX to be willing to accept each additional kilometre they would have to travel to the facilities, all other things being equal. Similarly, the average respondent would have to be paid 60 402 UGX to accept facilities with some health education, all other things being equal.

Conclusions

Our findings revealed significant preferences for health facilities based on the availability of medicines, costs of treatment and interactions with healthcare providers. Understanding patient preferences can inform intervention design to optimise healthcare service delivery for patients with HTN and DM in rural Uganda and other low-resource settings.
Gastric cancer incidence, mortality and burden in adolescents and young adults: a time-trend analysis and comparison among China, South Korea, Japan and the USA
Authors: Wu Si Lin , Zhang Yao , Fu Yi , Li Jian , Wang Ji Sheng
Published: July 2022

Objectives

To evaluate and compare the burden of gastric cancer in adolescents and young adults (GCAYA) among China, South Korea, Japan and the USA, four countries with similar or different rates of gastric cancer (GC) incidence, development levels and cancer control strategies.

Design

This population-based observational study collected the epidemiological data of GCAYA from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2019. The trend magnitude and directions over time for incidence and mortality of GCAYA were analysed and compared among four countries.

Main outcomes and measures

Outcomes included new cases, deaths, mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIRs), disability-adjusted life years, and their age-standardised rates and estimated annual percentage changes (AAPCs).

Results

There were 49 008 new cases and 27 895 deaths from GCAYA in 2019, nearly half of which occurred in China. The AAPCs for the age-standardised incidence and mortality rate were 0.3 (−0.1 to 0.7), –3.6 (−3.7 to –3.4), −3.2 (−3.8 to –2.6), −0.1 (−0.6 to 0.5) and −2.0 (−2.3 to −1.6), −5.6 (−6.2 to –5.0), −4.4 (−4.7 to –4.1), −0.7 (−1.0 to −0.3) in China, South Korea, Japan and the USA, respectively. The incidence rate for females in the USA rose by 0.4% annually. GC ranks fifth, first, fourth and ninth in China, South Korea, Japan and the USA regarding burdens caused by cancer in adolescents and young adults. The MIRs declined constantly in South Korea and China, and the MIR in the USA became the highest in 2019.

Conclusions

Although not covered by prevention and screening programmes, variations in disease burden and time trends may reflect variations in risk factors, cancer control strategies and treatment accessibility of GC among the four countries. Investigating the reasons behind the varying disease burden and changing trends of GCAYA across countries will inform recommendations for prevention measures and timely diagnosis specific to this underserved population to further decrease the GC burden.
Longitudinal examination of young married women’s fertility and family planning intentions and how they relate to subsequent family planning use in Bihar and Uttar Pradesh India
Authors: Speizer Ilene S , Zavier A J Francis , Calhoun Lisa , Nanda Priya , Saggurti Niranjan , Hainsworth Gwyn
Published: July 2022

Objectives

This study examines which fertility and family planning (FP) intentions are related to subsequent FP use in a sample of young, married women in India.

Design

We use 3-year longitudinal data from married women ages 15–19 in 2015–2016 (wave 1) who are not using contraception to examine factors associated with any use of FP in 2018–2019 (wave 2).

Setting

Data were collected in the states of Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, India.

Participants

A representative sample of 4893 young married women ages 15–19 was surveyed in 2015–2016 and 4000 of them were found and interviewed 3 years later. This analysis focused on the 3614 young women who were not using FP at wave 1.

Primary outcomes

This study examines FP use at wave 2 as the main outcome variable.

Results

Multivariate analyses demonstrated that young women who wanted to delay childbearing three or more years or who did not want any(more) children at wave 1 were more likely to use contraception at wave 2. Additionally, intention to use FP in the next 12 months at wave 1 was significantly associated with FP use at wave 2 whereas unmet need at wave 1 was not significantly related to subsequent use. A combined measure of fertility desires and intention to use FP demonstrated the importance of both measures on subsequent use. Having any children and being pregnant at wave 1 were both related to FP use at wave 2.

Conclusions

It is important to reach young, married women prior to a first pregnancy with nuanced messages addressing their fertility and FP intentions. Programmes targeting women at antenatal and postpartum visits are important for young women to help support them to use FP to address their desires to delay or limit future childbearing for the health and well-being of themselves and their children.
Mitochondrial-derived peptides as a novel intervention for obesity and cardiac diseases: bench evidence for potential bedside application
Authors: Kaorop Wichida , Maneechote Chayodom , Kumfu Sirinart , Chattipakorn Siriporn C , Chattipakorn Nipon
Published: July 2022

Currently, obesity is the most common major health problem for people worldwide. Obesity is known to be a significant risk factor for several diseases, including metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, eventually leading to the development of chronic systemic disorders. Previous studies showed that mitochondrial dysfunction could be one of the potential mechanisms for obesity progression. Most interventions used for combating obesity have also been reported to modulate mitochondrial function, suggesting the potential role of mitochondria in the pathology of the obese condition. Recent studies have shown that peptides produced by mitochondria, mitochondrial-derived peptides (MDPs), potentially improve metabolic function and exert benefits in obesity-associated diabetes and various heart pathologies. In this review, the roles of MDPs in the metabolic pathways and their use in the treatment of various adverse effects of obesity are comprehensively summarised based on collective evidence from in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies. The roles of MDPs as novel therapeutic interventions for cardiac dysfunction caused by various stresses or toxicities are also presented and discussed. This review aims to summarise the knowledge regarding the effects of MDPs on obesity, with a particular emphasis on their potential protective effects on the impaired cardiac function associated with obesity. The information from this review will also encourage further clinical investigations to warrant the potential application of MDP interventions in the clinical setting in the future.
Household income and maternal education in early childhood and activity-limiting chronic health conditions in late childhood: findings from birth cohort studies from six countries
Authors: Spencer Nicholas James , Ludvigsson Johnny , You Yueyue , Francis Kate , Abu Awad Yara , Markham Wolfgang , Faresjö Tomas , Goldhaber-Fiebert Jeremy , Andersson White Pär , Raat Hein , Mensah Fiona , Gauvin Lise , McGrath Jennifer J
Published: July 2022

Background

We examined absolute and relative relationships between household income and maternal education during early childhood (<5 years) with activity-limiting chronic health conditions (ALCHC) during later childhood in six longitudinal, prospective cohorts from high-income countries (UK, Australia, Canada, Sweden, Netherlands, USA).

Methods

Relative inequality (risk ratios, RR) and absolute inequality (Slope Index of Inequality) were estimated for ALCHC during later childhood by maternal education categories and household income quintiles in early childhood. Estimates were adjusted for mother ethnicity, maternal age at birth, child sex and multiple births, and were pooled using meta-regression.

Results

Pooled estimates, with over 42 000 children, demonstrated social gradients in ALCHC for high maternal education versus low (RR 1.54, 95% CI 1.28 to 1.85) and middle education (RR 1.24, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.38); as well as for high household income versus lowest (RR 1.90, 95% CI 1.66 to 2.18) and middle quintiles (RR 1.34, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.54). Absolute inequality showed decreasing ALCHC in all cohorts from low to high education (range: −2.85% Sweden, −13.36% Canada) and income (range: −1.8% Sweden, −19.35% Netherlands).

Conclusion

We found graded relative risk of ALCHC during later childhood by maternal education and household income during early childhood in all cohorts. Absolute differences in ALCHC were consistently observed between the highest and lowest maternal education and household income levels across cohort populations. Our results support a potential role for generous, universal financial and childcare policies for families during early childhood in reducing the prevalence of activity limiting chronic conditions in later childhood.
Therapeutic targeting of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade by novel small-molecule inhibitors recruits cytotoxic T cells into solid tumor microenvironment
Authors: Acúrcio Rita C. , Pozzi Sabina , Carreira Barbara , Pojo Marta , Gómez-Cebrián Nuria , Casimiro Sandra , Fernandes Adelaide , Barateiro Andreia , Farricha Vitor , Brito Joaquim , Leandro Ana Paula , Salvador Jorge A R , Graça Luís , Puchades-Carrasco Leonor , Costa Luís , Satchi-Fainaro Ronit , Guedes Rita C. , Florindo Helena F.
Published: July 2022

Background

Inhibiting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) or PD-ligand 1 (PD-L1) has shown exciting clinical outcomes in diverse human cancers. So far, only monoclonal antibodies are approved as PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. While significant clinical outcomes are observed on patients who respond to these therapeutics, a large proportion of the patients do not benefit from the currently available immune checkpoint inhibitors, which strongly emphasize the importance of developing new immunotherapeutic agents.

Methods

In this study, we followed a transdisciplinary approach to discover novel small molecules that can modulate PD-1/PD-L1 interaction. To that end, we employedin silicoanalyses combined within vitro,ex vivo, andin vivoexperimental studies to assess the ability of novel compounds to modulate PD-1/PD-L1 interaction and enhance T-cell function.

Results

Accordingly, in this study we report the identification of novel small molecules, which like anti-PD-L1/PD-1 antibodies, can stimulate human adaptive immune responses. Unlike these biological compounds, our newly-identified small molecules enabled an extensive infiltration of T lymphocytes into three-dimensional solid tumor models, and the recruitment of cytotoxic T lymphocytes to the tumor microenvironmentin vivo, unveiling a unique potential to transform cancer immunotherapy.

Conclusions

We identified a new promising family of small-molecule candidates that regulate the PD-L1/PD-1 signaling pathway, promoting an extensive infiltration of effector CD8 T cells to the tumor microenvironment.
Impact of clinical domains other than arthritis on composite outcomes in psoriatic arthritis: comparison of treatment effects in the SEAM-PsA trial
Authors: Helliwell Philip S , Mease Phillip J , Kavanaugh Arthur , Coates Laura C , Ogdie Alexis , Deodhar Atul , Strand Vibeke , Kricorian Gregory , Liu Lyrica X H , Collier David , Gladman Dafna D
Published: July 2022

Objective

We used the Study of Etanercept And Methotrexate in Combination or as Monotherapy in Subjects with Psoriatic Arthritis (SEAM-PsA) data set to examine the impact of presence of enthesitis, dactylitis, nail disease and/or psoriasis on treatment response in patients with early psoriatic arthritis (PsA).

Methods

This post hoc analysis evaluated the effect of baseline Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada (SPARCC) Enthesitis Index (EI), Leeds Enthesitis Index (LEI), Leeds Dactylitis Index (LDI), modified Nail Psoriasis Severity Index (mNAPSI) scores and body surface area (BSA) on composite outcomes of minimal disease activity (MDA) responses, Psoriatic Arthritis Disease Activity Score (PASDAS) low disease activity (LDA), PASDAS changes and Good Responses and Disease Activity Index for Psoriatic Arthritis (DAPSA) scores at Week 24.

Results

Overall, 851 patients completed the SEAM-PsA trial and were included in the analysis. Baseline enthesitis (SPARCC EI>0 vs SPARCC EI=0 or LEI>0 vs LEI=0) was not associated with improved outcomes. Baseline dactylitis (LDI>0 vs LDI=0) was positively associated with improved MDA (OR: 1.4, p=0.0457), PASDAS LDA (OR: 1.8, p=0.0014) and Good Responses (OR: 1.6, p=0.0101) and greater reductions in PASDAS (estimate: –0.9, p<0.0001) and DAPSA scores (estimate: –3.8, p=0.0155) at Week 24. Similarly, baseline nail disease (mNAPSI >1 vs mNAPSI≤1) was positively associated with improved MDA (OR: 1.8, p=0.0233) and PASDAS LDA (OR: 1.8, p=0.0168) responses and greater reduction in PASDAS (estimate: –0.7, p=0.0005) at Week 24.

Conclusions

Results from our analysis suggest that presence of dactylitis and nail disease, but not enthesitis, are associated with improved outcomes in patients with early PsA who were treated with methotrexate and/or etanercept.
Assessment of formal tobacco treatment and smoking cessation in dual users of cigarettes and e-cigarettes
Authors: Heiden Brendan T , Baker Timothy B , Smock Nina , Pham Giang , Chen Jingling , Bierut Laura J , Chen Li-Shiun
Published: July 2022

Background

The utility of electronic cigarettes (‘e-cigarettes’) as a smoking cessation adjunct remains unclear. Similarly, it is unclear if formal tobacco treatment (pharmacotherapy and/or behavioural support) augments smoking cessation in individuals who use both cigarettes and e-cigarettes.

Methods

We performed a longitudinal cohort study of adult outpatients evaluated in our tertiary care medical centre (6/2018–6/2020). E-cigarette use, smoking status and formal tobacco treatment (deterrent pharmacotherapy and/or behavioural support) were assessed in 6-month blocks (eg, cohort 1 (C1)=6/2018–12/2018, C2=1/2019–6/2019 and so on) using our electronic health record. We assessed the relationship between e-cigarette use (either with or without formal tobacco treatment) and point prevalence of smoking cessation at 6 and 12 months.

Results

111 823 unique patients were included in the study. The prevalence of dual use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes increased significantly over the study period (C1=0.8%; C2=1.1%; C3=1.8%; C4=2.3%; p<0.001). The prevalence of smoking cessation at 12 months was higher among e-cigarette users (20.8%) compared with non-users (16.8%) (risk difference, 4.0% (95% CI 2.5% to 5.5%); adjusted relative risk (aRR) 1.354, 95% CI 1.252 to 1.464, p<0.0001). Further, among dual users of cigarettes and e-cigarettes, the prevalence of smoking cessation at 12 months was higher among individuals who received tobacco treatment (29.1%) compared with individuals who did not receive tobacco treatment (19.6%) (risk difference, 9.5% (95% CI, 4.6% to 14.4%); aRR 1.238, 95% CI 1.071 to 1.432, p=0.004).

Interpretation

These results suggest that dual users of cigarettes and e-cigarettes benefit from formal tobacco treatment. Clinicians should consider offering formal tobacco treatment to such patients, though future trials are needed.
Laparoscopic extraperitoneal technique versus open inguinal herniotomy in children: historical controlled intervention study
Authors: Suttiwongsing Arada , Khorana Jiraporn , Ruangwongroj Patchara , Niruttiwat Korakot
Published: July 2022

Objective

To compare surgical outcomes of percutaneous extraperitoneal simple purse string method of laparoscopic hernia (LH) repair with a traditional open inguinal hernia (OH) repair in children with indirect inguinal hernia in a single center.

Methods

This study is a historical-controlled intervention study of two groups of patients: patients in the controlled group had OH repair performed from January 2016 to December 2017, and patients in the study group had LH repair from January 2018 to December 2019 at a single institution. Outcomes of the OH and LH groups, in terms of operative time, recurrence, complications, incidence of metachronous contralateral inguinal hernia (MCIH) and contralateral patent processus vaginalis (CPPV) were analyzed.

Results

Three hundred and five patients were enrolled in the study. Among them, 95 cases underwent laparoscopic percutaneous extraperitoneal closure herniotomy (LH group), and 210 cases underwent conventional open herniotomy (OH group). In terms of operative time, only unilateral herniotomy in females of the OH group was significantly less than that of the LH group (15.7±7.1 vs 20.5±7.4 min, p=0.004). No significant difference in overall complication was observed between the two groups of patients. The incidence of CPPV in the LH group was 15.7% (15/95), and MCIH in OH group was 10.9% (23/210).

Conclusions

Laparoscopic herniotomy may prevent the need for a second operation of metachronous contralateral hernia. Both open and laparoscopic techniques are equivalent in pro and cons.
Dephasing effects on the low-energy dynamics of ϕ4-model
Authors: Dar Irfan A. , Lone Muzaffar Qadir , Najar Imtiyaz A. , Dar Ghulam N.
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we investigate the Lindblad dynamics arising due to single particle loss and local dephasing in a d-dimensional nonrelativistic quantum system. Using Schwinger–Keldysh functional techniques, we derive the static mean field equation for the symmetry broken phase. Fluctuations over mean field are studied within the Bogoliubov approximation, and the momentum distribution and effective temperature are calculated. An effective temperature arises which depends on the dephasing rate [Formula: see text] and mean field particle density. Furthermore, a perturbative renormalization group (RG) upto one loop order is used to study the underlying dynamics of the model. The conditions for the system to be perturbative are obtained.
A Simplex Method-Based Bacterial Colony Optimization Algorithm for Data Clustering Analysis
Authors: Babu S. Suresh , Jayasudha K.
Published: July 2022

Data clustering is the task of separating data samples into a set of clusters. [Formula: see text]-means is a popular partitional clustering algorithm. However, it has a lot of weaknesses, including sensitivity to initialization and the ability to become stuck in local optima. Hence, nature-inspired optimization algorithms were applied to the clustering problem to overcome the limitations of the [Formula: see text]-means algorithm. However, due to the high-dimensionality of a search space, the nature-inspired optimization algorithm suffers from local optima and poor convergence rates. To address the mentioned issues, this paper presents a simplex method-based bacterial colony optimization (SMBCO) algorithm. The simplex method is a stochastic variant approach that improves population diversity while increasing the algorithm’s local searching ability. The potential and effectiveness of the proposed SMBCO clustering algorithm are assessed using a variety of benchmark machine learning datasets and the generated groups were evaluated using different performance measures. When compared to several well-known nature-inspired algorithms, the experimental results reveal that the SMBCO model produces superior clustering efficiency and a faster convergence rate.
Squeezed quantum states of graviton and axion in the universe
Authors: Kanno Sugumi , Soda Jiro
Published: July 2022

Particle production during cosmic expansion can be interpreted as a two-mode squeezing process of quantum states. The two-mode squeezed states consist of an infinite number of entangled particles and then enhance the nonclassicality of particles. There are two methods for estimating the degree of squeezing. One is to employ instantaneous vacuum states, and the other is to adopt adiabatic vacuum states. We analytically study the squeezing process of gravitons and axions by using the two methods. We first consider a cosmological model of inflation followed by instantaneous reheating leading to a radiation dominated era. In the case of gravitons, we find no qualitatively difference in the squeezing between the two methods. However, for the axions, it turns out that the squeezing in the instantaneous vacuum increases as the mass increases while the squeezing decreases in the adiabatic vacuum as the mass increases. We then study the effect of noninstantaneous reheating on the the squeezing and show that the squeezing is enhanced compared with the instantaneous reheating. We also illustrate how the squeezed states enhance the violation of Bell inequality and quantum noise of gravitons and axions.
Catastrophic Failure and Cumulative Damage Models Involving Two Types of Extended Exponential Distributions
Authors: Mohri Hiroaki , Takeshita Jun-ichi
Published: July 2022

This study supposes a single unit and investigates cumulative damage and catastrophic failure models for the unit, in situations where the interarrival times between the shocks, and the magnitudes of the shocks, involve two different stochastic processes. In order to consider two essentially different stochastic processes, integer gamma and Weibull distributions are treated as distributions with two parameters and extensions of exponential distributions. With respect to the cumulative damage models, under the assumption that the interarrival times between shocks follow exponential distributions, the case in which the magnitudes of the shocks follow integer gamma distributions is analyzed. With respect to the catastrophic failure models, the respective cases in which the interarrival times between shocks follow integer gamma and Weibull distributions are discussed. Finally, the study provides some characteristic values for reliability in such models.
Analysis of Social Integration through Inspection Policy
Authors: Araki Takahito , Kimura Mitsutaka , Nakagawa Toshio
Published: July 2022

This paper applies the inspection policy in reliability theory to social integrations. As a result of shortage of labor forces due to the declining birthrate, many developed countries are increasingly accepting immigrants. However, it has been shown that the acceptance of immigrants increases anti-immigrant sentiment among host citizens and leads to large-scale riots. While social integration policies such as language education for new immigrants and support for labor market can reduce anti-immigrant sentiment, they need high costs. It is necessary to detect the anti-immigrant sentiment based on regular public polls and implement social integration. However, there is no empirical study that proposes the expected costs until the anti-immigrant sentiment is detected and discuss the optimal checking times which minimize them. We formulate three stochastic models, replacing inspection of units with check of the social structure such as people’s feelings for immigrants and failure with riot. This paper proposes extended stochastic models of social structures considering the suppression of a riot. We obtain the expected costs until a riot ends and discuss optimal checking times which minimize them analytically and numerically. These methods used in this paper could be applied to some social problems occurred in the world.
An Energy-Based Damage Diagnosis Under Changing Environmental Temperature for Online SHM
Authors: Lakshmi K.
Published: July 2022

Structural health monitoring (SHM) for early diagnosis of damage in structures has become vital in improving the structural integrity and safety of the structure and thereby providing a smooth operation for most of the important in-service civil structures such as buildings and bridges. SHM also contributes to the substantial reduction in the maintenance cost of the structure. During serious structural failures, SHM can safeguard human life through an early warning system. This paper presents an output-only model-free technique by extracting damage features from the energy profiles derived from measured time-history responses. The proposed algorithm is organized into two phases i.e. the learning phase and the monitoring phase. While the learning phase can optionally be executed offline, the monitoring phase can preferably be online. The damage feature is extracted by carrying out a fractal dimension analysis of the continuous waveform of energy associated with the jolt (i.e. rate of change of acceleration) evaluated from the acceleration responses of the structure. A novel damage index is proposed, to localize the damage, using the damage features extracted from the fractal dimension, while handling operational and environmental variability (EoV). The proposed algorithm is evaluated through numerical simulations on a typical span of 220[Formula: see text]m RCC bridge across river Amaravathi in Tamil Nadu, India and also a 20-story frame structure. Experimental investigations are also carried out by testing a laboratory-scale 10-story frame structure and also an RCC bridge model of a 7.7[Formula: see text]m span to evaluate the practical amenability of the proposed algorithm. The experimental and numerical studies carried out in this paper, suggest that the proposed energy-based diagnostic technique can effectively localize the damage even in the presence of confounding factors like EoV. Conclusively, the proposed diagnostic technique can be an effective tool for online SHM, as it is model-free with less tedious computations and can perform well even in the presence of noise.