bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transformações, comunicações e interações digitais no contexto da pandemia COVID-19:
Authors: Freitas Maria Cristina Vieira de
Published: March 2022

A transformação digital é um termo utilizado para indicar um conjunto de alterações provocadas pelo recurso massivo a tecnologias digitais, implementadas de forma “disruptiva” nos ambientes sociais. Este estudo de revisão da literatura analisa algumas destas transformações, particularmente, no âmbito das comunicações e das interações digitais, tendo como pano de fundo a gestão da informação no contexto da pandemia COVID-19, divisando oportunidades e desafios atuais e futuros. Os resultados são apresentados em dois blocos analíticos. No primeiro, avaliam-se os cenários disruptivos, as alterações nos estilos, nas formas de organização e realização do trabalho, a rápida disseminação da oferta de serviços de base tecnológica, as oportunidades e os desafios. No segundo bloco, são discutidos alguns dos comportamentos informacionais que, no contexto pandémico, marcaram o caráter das comunicações e interações digitais, incidindo em aspetos tais como o uso e a privacidade dos dados, as estratégias de rastreamento digital e o aumento exponencial da divulgação de notícias falsas e desatualizadas, num contexto tão pandémico quanto infodémico. Nas considerações finais, são sumariadas algumas das questões críticas e linhas de investigação prioritárias a figurar em atuais e futuras agendas de pesquisa.
Visual acuity assessment of preschool children in the inner city area in Jakarta
Authors: Yulia Dian Estu , Laksmita Yulinda Arty , Barliana Julie Dewi , Djunaedi Laura Agnestasia , Amanda Lia , Gunardi Hartono
Published: March 2022

Background Visual acuity (VA) assessment is an important ocular examination to identify children with vision problems. Such early identification allows for early intervention to prevent childhood blindness.

Objective To describe and compare visual acuity measurements in preschool children using two different visual acuity charts.

Methods This cross-sectional study in children aged 36-60 months was done in a low-income area in the Central Jakarta District as a collaboration between Department of Ophthalmology and Department of Child Health, Universitas Indonesia Medical School/Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta. All children underwent visual acuity examinations using Lea symbols and Tumbling E charts. The VA results from two charts were analyzed with Bland-Altman plot for limits of agreement. Statistical analyses were performed to determine the differences between vision charts.

Results A total of 113 children enrolled, but only 38 children completed the examinations. The mean age of subjects was 50.5 (SD 6.4) months. Overall, subjects’ mean VA was 0.29 (SD 0.18) for Lea symbols and 0.37 (SD 0.14) for Tumbling E. The mean difference of VA between Lea symbols and Tumbling E was 0.07 (SD 0.22) logMAR units, with upper and lower limits of agreement at 0.36 and 0.51, respectively. There was no statistical difference in VA score using Lea symbols and Tumbling-E based on gender and age.

Conclusion Most preschool children in our study have normal visual acuity. Lea symbols and Tumbling E chart are comparable and can be used to efficiently measure VA in preschool children.
Survival rate of pediatric osteosarcoma in Indonesia: a single center study
Authors: Sjakti Hikari Ambara , Putri Isyanaditta Agung , Windiastuti Endang
Published: March 2022

Background Over the years, the survival rate of children with osteosarcoma has increased with improved management. However, survival tends to be lower in low-middle-income countries.

Objective To report the survival rate of children with osteosarcoma in a single center in Indonesia and to evaluate the outcomes of treatment modalities currently used.

Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of the medical records of pediatric osteosarcoma patients in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital from 2015 to 2019. Patients were categorized based on age group, sex, primary tumor location, treatment modalities, disease metastasis, and disease outcome.

Results We included 83 children with osteosarcoma, with an age range of 4-17 years (median 13 years). Mean estimated overall survival and event-free survival were 28 (95%CI 24 to 32) months and 10 (95%CI 8 to 13) months, respectively. Overall survival duration between treatment modality groups was significantly different (P<0.05). The mean estimated overall duration of survival was 9 (95%CI 3 to 15) months for chemotherapy, 18 (95%CI 14 to 22) months for chemotherapy with surgery, and 21 (95%CI 14 to 27) months for chemotherapy with surgery and radiation.

Conclusion The survival rate of childhood osteosarcoma in Indonesia remains low. The current treatment option currently used in our center may contribute to the low rate of survival.
TNF-α as a predictive factor of pulmonary hypertension in children with Down syndrome with and without congenital heart disease
Authors: Hariyanti Latifah Rahmi , Widjaja Sri Lilijanti , Hidayah Dwi
Published: March 2022

Background Down syndrome (DS) is a chromosomal disorder due to trisomy 21 that may involve congenital heart disease (CHD). Pulmonary hypertension (PH) may be present in DS with and without CHD. TNF-α is a cytokine involved in the pathogenesis of inflammation in PH.

Objective To determine the association between TNF-α and the risk of PH in children with DS with and without congenital heart disease.

Methods This observational study was conducted in DS children aged two months to five years who visited the outpatient clinic of a regional referral hospital in Indonesia. Subjects underwent echocardiography and were classified into four groups (CHD-PH, CHD-no PH, no CHD-PH, no CHD-no PH). Serum TNF-α was measured in all subjects. We used the ANOVA test to compare mean TNF-α between the groups and to determine the optimal TNF-α cut-off point. We compared the risk of PH in subjects with TNF-α above and below the cut-off point.

 Results We included 36 DS children in this study. Mean TNF-α in the CHD-PH, CHD-no PH, no CHD-PH, and no CHD-no PH groups was 2,564.44 (SD 177.00) pg/mL, 2,112.89 (SD 382.00) pg/mL, 2,211.56 (SD 330.70) pg/mL, and 1,118.89 (SD 1056.65) pg/mL, respectively (p<0.001). The optimal TNF-α cut-off point was 2,318 pg/mL. DS children with TNF-α ≥2,318 pg/mL had a higher risk of CHD (RR=2.6; 95%CI 1.17 to 5.78; p=0.008) and PH (RR=3.5; 95%CI 1.43 to 8.60; p=0.001).

Conclusions DS children with CHD accompanied by PH have significantly higher TNF-α levels than those without PH and those without CHD. In children with DS, an elevated TNF-α level (≥2,318 pg/mL) is associated with a higher risk of CHD and PH.
Luaran Jangka Panjang Transplantasi Ginjal pada Anak
Authors: Hidayati Eka Laksmi
Published: March 2022

Transplantasi ginjal merupakan pilihan utama terapi pengganti ginjal pada pasien dengan penyakit ginjal kronik stadium 5. Beberapa faktor pada periode pratransplantasi, perioperatif, dan pascatransplantasi ikut memengaruhi luaran jangka panjang pada pasien anak yang menjalani transplantasi ginjal. Faktor-faktor pratransplantasi yang memengaruhi, antara lain, etiologi dasar penyakit ginjal kronik, kondisi fisis sebelum transplantasi, status urodinamik, jenis donor, usia resipien, serta kesesuaian HLA antara resipien dan donor. Teknik pembedahan, kecukupan perfusi darah, dan cold ischemia time selama operasi berperan penting dalam keberhasilan transplantasi. Setelah menjalani prosedur transplantasi, penggunaan obat-obatan imunosupresan jangka panjang secara optimal merupakan kunci keberhasilan transplantasi. Pemantauan secara ketat terhadap kepatuhan terapi, reaksi penolakan organ, infeksi, keganasan, kelainan metabolik, dan gangguan kardiovaskular, dibutuhkan untuk memastikan keberhasilan transplantasi dan mendeteksi adanya komplikasi terkait prosedur transplantasi.
RENWEX 2021. RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ELECTRIC TRANSPORT
Authors: Matveev V. I.
Published: March 2022

The article briefly describes the current state of alternative energy in the world, the need for its improvement, examples of wider use of solar and wind energy in leading countries, problems associated with the operation of “green” energy. The exhibition showed the level of development of the main directions of alternative energy, leading countries and firms, as well as the topics of the problems discussed.
RISK-ORIENTED APPROACH TO QUALITY MANAGEMENT ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE PROCESS “METROLOGICAL EXAMINATION OF TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION”
Authors: Malakhova Yu. G. , Zhirnova E. A. , Melkozerov M. G.
Published: March 2022

The issues of quality management at the enterprise of the machine-building industry are studied on the basis of process and risk-oriented approaches. A comprehensive approach to risk assessment is proposed, the advantage of which is the application of the principle of matching the significance of risk and the costs of its elimination in a comparative risk assessment. The features of the application of the method of analyzing the causes and consequences of failures, calculating the priority number of risks based on expert and statistical data are analyzed. The method of risk assessment is shown on the example of the process “Metrological examination of technical documentation”. On the basis of statistical data on the results of metrological examination of technical documentation and the classifier of typical metrological errors, scales for calculating the priority number of risks were developed and an analysis of the causes and consequences of process failures was carried out. The approach to improving the quality of the process is justified on the basis of the principle of matching the priority number of risks and costs for eliminating the discrepancy. Based on a comparative risk assessment by constructing a map of the ratio of the priority number of risks by function and the costs of their elimination, the most significant risks that significantly affect the results of the process are identified.
IMPROVING THE AUTOMATIC PRETANSLATOR OF SQL-QUERIES TO A REGULAR PLAN
Authors: Kazantsev I. A. , Klassen R. K.
Published: March 2022

We have created an automatic pretranslator prototype and proposing a new approach to improve the automatic pretranslator efficiency by parsing the original SQL (Structured Query Language) query and building a regular tree. The new approach is to create custom handlers for specific SQL constructs. The resulting handlers, instead of omitting some SQL constructs at the sorting and aggregation stage, allow them to be processed at the join stage. Joining operations, in contrast to sorting and aggregation operations, are performed in parallel on several nodes of the computing cluster, which significantly increases the productivity of processing a single query. You can additionally improve performance by reducing the amount of data transferred, due to a more accurate selection of the dimensions of DECIMAL fields and lowering the projection operations to the level of sorting and aggregation if lifting them increases the number of intermediate relation fields. A regular tree for a single request can be built in various ways. Finding the most effective regular plan pretranslator requires constructing many plans. A plan is selected from the set in which join operations are performed with the order of intermediate relations with sizes from smallest to largest. The experiments carried out have shown that the execution time of a stream of requests pretranslated by the pretranslator is not more than the execution time of a similar stream, pretranslated manually, which proves its effectiveness.
BAYESIAN NETWORKS FOR RELIABILITY ANALYSIS OF TECHNICAL SYSTEM
Authors: Fedorova N. Yu.
Published: March 2022

The works to provide reliability assurance and enhancement are most effective at the early stages of life cycle. The common requirement is fast and precise performance of reiterated reliability analysis, as far as the system design development and the complete data accumulation on system components reliability. Recently, Bayesian networks has been introduced in reliability engineering. Bayesian networks are a promising tool for reliability analysis. Today, Bayesian networks are actively used to fault diagnosis and reliability estimates. In this article, utilization of the Bayesian networks for reliability analysis at the early stages of life cycle is studied. The reliability can be calculated by converting block diagrams or fault trees into Bayesian networks. Fault trees can easily be converted into Bayesian networks. Therefore, in this article, a perspective approach to combine the Bayesian networks mechanism and Fault tree analysis method is studied for reliability assessment of a technical system. The system is an electronic fire sensor. As a result, the developed model of Bayesian networks provides the estimation of failure probability at the conditions of real-life scenarios of system behavior; the calculation of the probability of no-failure operation of the system under control and its sub-systems; the detection of the elements that contribute the most to the failure probability. The Bayesian networks model can be easily built from the circuit diagram analysis and the FMEA (Failure Modes and Effects Analysis). In general, this method has the best capability in this real instance compared to other methods.
Imagine All the People: The Populist and Anti-Populist Discourses of Serbian and Croatian Protests (2017–2020)
Authors: Wróblewska-Trochimiuk Ewa
Published: March 2022

The aim of this article is to analyze the anti-populist and populist elements in the visual language of selected political manifestations. Protests in Serbia from 2017 to 2020 (mass demonstrations and one individual act of resistance) and in Croatia from 2018 to 2020 were chosen as examples. The article draws on visual materials from the demonstrations and their media coverage. The author tracks different strategies for visualizing populist and anti-populist rhetoric. It presents various types of the visual discourse of populism: the discourse of the masses, the discourse of polarization, the discourse of vulnerability, and the discourse of the gallows.
Eklezjalne dogmaty wiary katolickiej w świadomości dorosłych katolików polskich z przełomie wieków
Authors: Baniak Józef
Published: March 2022

In this paper, the author discusses a number of issues referred to in the title, namely: 1) the religious dimension of the Church as a community founded by Jesus Christ; 2) the spiritual dimension of the Church as a community of believers – the Church as the Mystical Body of Christ; 3) the essential characteristics of the Church: one, holy, universal, apostolic; 4) the religious-salvific as well as the social role of the institutional Church. The analyses in this paper rely on the findings from sociological studies and social surveys conducted in the latter half of the 20th century and in the subsequent two decades of the 21st century among adult Polish Catholics concerning their attitude towards the ecclesial dogmas of the Catholic faith. An examination of those results demonstrate a direction of changes in how adult Catholics perceive and assess the features and the religious mission of the Church in both periods in question, i.e. at the turn of the century. In the current century, the proportion of adult Catholics who accept the ecclesial dogmas of the faith have been somewhat lower than it was the case in the second half of the 20th century. Similarly, the ratios of Catholics who acknowledged the religious-salvific and social role of the Church in the religiosity and life of the lay adherents were higher in the past century.
Rola satysfakcji z pracy oraz przywiązania do organizacji dla zamiaru jej opuszczenia. Weryfikacja modelu
Authors: Wnuk Marcin
Published: March 2022

The aim of the study was verified job satisfaction mediating role between organizational commitment and intention to quit the organization. Additionally checked if job satisfaction and organizational commitment mediate between salary satisfaction and intention to quit the organization. Subjects were 484 employees from one IT organization. According to results job satisfaction partially mediated between affective commitment and intention to quit the organization as well as totally mediated between normative commitment and intention to quit. Additionally job satisfaction, affective commitment as well as continuance commitment partially mediated between salary satisfaction and intention to quit the organization.
Cyfrowy kult przodków – aplikacja Deep Nostalgia jako nowa forma mediatyzacji pamięci religijnej
Authors: Iwanicki Juliusz
Published: March 2022

The paper analyzes a particular example of the expansion of popular culture through a specific mediatization of old photographs and paintings, which consists in transforming works of art into short, simulated videos. This new technology was interpreted using religious categories with references to ancestor worship and cultural studies with the paradigm of memory studies. It was theorized that the new processes of mediatization are changing the religious memory of society.
Interaction of cervical microbiome with epigenome of epithelial cells: Significance of inflammation to primary healthcare
Authors: Holubekova Veronika , Kolkova Zuzana , Kasubova Ivana , Samec Marek , Mazurakova Alena , Koklesova Lenka , Kubatka Peter , Rokos Tomas , Kozubik Erik , Biringer Kamil , Kudela Erik
Published: March 2022

One pillar of the predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine framework strategies is the female health. The evaluation of women’s lifestyle and dietary habits in context with genetic and modifiable risk factors may reflect the prevention of cervical cancer before the occurrence of clinical symptoms and prediction of cervical lesion behavior. The main aim of this review is to analyze publications in the field of precision medicine that allow the use of research knowledge of cervical microbiome, epigenetic modifications, and inflammation in potential application in clinical practice. Personalized approach in evaluating patient’s risk of future development of cervical abnormality should consider the biomarkers of the local microenvironment characterized by the microbial composition, epigenetic pattern of cervical epithelium, and presence of chronic inflammation. Novel sequencing techniques enable a more detailed characterization of actual state in cervical epithelium. Better understanding of all changes in multiomics level enables a better assessment of disease prognosis and selects the eligible targeted therapy in personalized medicine. Restoring of healthy vaginal microflora and reversing the outbreak of cervical abnormality can be also achieved by dietary habits as well as uptake of prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, microbial transplantation, and others.
Gamma, neutron, and heavy charged ion shielding properties of Er3+-doped and Sm3+-doped zinc borate glasses
Authors: Tekin Huseyin Ozan , ALMisned Ghada , Zakaly Hesham M. H. , Zamil Abdallah , Khoucheich Dalia , Bilal Ghaida , Al-Sammarraie Lubna , Issa Shams A. M. , Al-Buriahi Mohammed Sultan , Ene Antoaneta
Published: March 2022

This study aimed to investigate the nuclear radiation shielding properties of erbium (Er)-reinforced and samarium (Sm)-reinforced borate glasses. In the 0.015–15 MeV photon energy range, attenuation coefficients, as well as half-value layer tenth-value layers, and the mean-free path have been calculated. Additionally, effective, and equivalent atomic numbers, effective atomic weight, electron density, and exposure and energy absorption build-up factors were also calculated. To evaluate the overall nuclear radiation attenuation competencies of Er-rich and Sm-rich glasses, effective removal cross-section values for fast neutrons and projected range/mass stopping power values for alpha and proton particles were also determined. The glass sample BZBEr2.0 had the highest linear and mass attenuation coefficients (µandµm), effective conductivity (Ceff), the effective number of electrons (Neff), and effective atomic number (Zeff) values as well as the lowest half-value layer (T1/2), tenth value layers (T1/10), mean free path (λ), exposure build-up factor, and energy absorption build-up factor values.µmvalues were reported as 2.337, 2.556, 2.770, 2.976, 2.108, 2.266, 2.421, 2.569, and 2.714 for BZBEr0.5, BZBEr1.0, BZBEr1.5, BZBEr2.0, BZBSm0.0, BZBSm0.5, BZBSm1.0, BZBSm1.5, and BZBSm2.0 glass samples at 0.06 MeV, respectively. The results showed that Er has a greater effect than Sm regarding the gamma-ray shielding properties of borate glasses. The results of this investigation could be used in further investigations and added to older investigations with the same aim, to aid the scientific community in determining the most appropriate rare-earth additive, to provide adequate shielding properties based on the requirement.
Thermodynamic assessment of the Mg–Nd system
Authors: Guo Cuiping , Du Zhenmin
Published: March 2022

The Mg–Nd system was critically assessed by means of the CALPHAD technique. The solution phases (liquid, body-centered cubic, double hexagonal close-packed and hexagonal close-packed) were modeled with the Redlich –Kister equation. The intermetallic compounds Mg41Nd5, Mg3Nd and MgNd, which have a homogeneity range, were treated as the formulae (Mg, Nd)41(Mg, Nd)5, Mg3(Mg, Nd) and Mg(Mg, Nd) by a two-sublattice model with Mg and Nd or Mg on the first sublattice, and Mg and Nd on the second one, respectively. The compound Mg2Nd was treated as a stoichiometric compound. A set of self-consistent thermodynamic parameters of the Mg–Nd system was obtained.
Solid-state reaction in Ni/Si multilayered films, characterized by magneto-optical and optical spectroscopies
Authors: Lee Young Pak , Kim Jin Bae , Yoo Young Joon , Kudryavtsev Yuri V.
Published: March 2022

Solid-state reactions, induced by ion-beam mixing (IBM) and thermal annealing, in Ni/Si multilayered films (MLF) with an overall stoichiometry of Ni2Si, NiSi and NiSi2, and with a constant Ni sublayer thickness (nominally, 3.0 nm), were studied by optical and magneto-optical spectroscopies as well as X-ray diffraction (XRD). The layer mixing was performed with Ar+ ions of an energy of 80 keV and a dose of 1.5 × 1016 Ar+/cm2. It was shown that the IBM leads to structural changes in the Ni/Si MLF, which cannot be easily detected by XRD but are recognized by optical tools. An annealing at 1073 K of the Ni/Si MLF with an overall stoichiometry of NiSi and NiSi2 induces formation of predominantly the η-NiSi and the NiSi2 phases, respectively. IBM of all the investigated Ni/Si MLF leads to the formation of regions with a short-range order of the crystalline NiSi silicide, and of Ni2Si (and/or Ni3Si) additionally for the Ni/Si MLF with an overall stoichiometry of Ni2Si.
Effects of an electric field applied during the solution heat treatment of the Al–Mg –Si–Cu alloy AA6111 on the subsequent natural aging kinetics and tensile properties
Authors: Jung Jung , Conrad Hans
Published: March 2022

The effects of an external dc electric field of 0 – 5 kV/cm, applied at 475 – 550 °C during solution heat treatment (SHT) to AA6111, on the subsequent natural aging kinetics and volume fraction of precipitated clusters were determined employing resistivity. The field increased the asquenched resistivity and that during natural aging, the effect being significant from 0 to ≈0.5 kV/cm and increasing only slightly, if at all, thereafter. An Avrami-type analysis of the natural aging kinetics gave n = 0.59 ± 0.2 and k = (1.2 ± 0.8) · 10– 2 min –1, relatively independent of SHT temperature and field strength. The field increased the volume fraction of precipitated clusters which occurred during natural aging. This was attributed to the increase in solubility during SHT produced by the field. Tensile properties equivalent to those obtained by the SHT at 550 °C without a field were obtained at 500 °C with a field of only 200 V/cm, representing a reduction of 50 °C in the nominal SHT temperature.
From waste to high strength alloy – recycling of magnesium chips
Authors: Lu L. , Lai M. O. , Lim S. H. , Chua B. W. , Yan C. , Ye L.
Published: March 2022

Ultrafine grained magnesium alloy was synthesized via mechanical milling of AZ91 chips. Mechanical property measurement revealed enhanced yield strength of 470 MPa after mechanical milling. The increase in yield strength is associated with reduction in grain size which restricts twining and dislocation gliding. The present investigation demonstrates that magnesium alloys can be cost-effectively recycled through the process of mechanical milling.
Experimental and theoretical characterization of Al3Sc precipitates in Al–Mg–Si–Cu–Sc–Zr alloys
Authors: Lityńska Lidia , Dutkiewicz Jan , Parliński Krzysztof
Published: March 2022

The structure of Al3Sc precipitates in Al –Mg– Si–Cu – Sc –Zr alloys annealed at 450 °C was investigated using transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The Al3Sc particles contain mainly Sc and small amounts of Zr, Si, and Cu. The addition of Zr limits the size of the Al3Sc precipitates to about 10– 30 nm, and these precipitates are coherent with the matrix. Density functional energy calculations showed that exceptionally small energies are required to dissolve Zr and Cu in Sc and Al sublattices, respectively. On the contrary, Cu, Mg, and Si are difficult to be dissolved in the Sc sublattice.
Evolution of the mixed-mode character of solid-state phase transformations in metals involving solute partitioning
Authors: Sietsma Jilt , Mecozzi M. Giuseppina , Bohemen Stefan M. C. van , Zwaag Sybrand van der
Published: March 2022

Partitioning phase transformations in the solid state are principally subjected to two processes that take place: the redistribution, through long-range diffusion, of the partitioning element, and the lattice transformation taking place at the interface. Consequently, the usual approximation to consider one of these two processes as controlling the rate of the phase transformation is of limited accuracy. For a more accurate description, the so-called mixed-mode character of partitioning phase transformations is to be taken into account. In the present study, it is shown that the mixed-mode character can be quantified and that it has a significant effect on the kinetics. By means of examples involving either substitutional (Mo in Ti) or interstitial (C in Fe) partitioning elements, it is shown that a gradual change of the character of the transformation occurs during the phase transformation, shifting from initially interface-controlled (which implies the largest interface velocity) towards more diffusion-controlled.
Experimental investigation and thermodynamic modelling of the Mg–Al-rich region of the Mg–Al–Sr System
Authors: Cao Hongbo , Zhu Jun , Zhang Chuan , Wu Kaisheng , Saddock Nicholas D. , Wayne Jones J. , Pollock Tresa M. , Schmid-Fetzer Rainer , Austin Chang Y.
Published: March 2022

A thermodynamic description of the Mg–Al – Sr ternary in the Mg– Al-rich region was developed based on the microstructures, the crystal structures and compositions of the phases in three samples in the as-cast and 673 K annealed states. The gross compositions of the three alloys were identified for investigation based on a calculated isotherm using the description obtained from those of the constituent binaries via extrapolation. The calculated liquidus projection using the developed description was found to be consistent with the primary phases of solidification obtained from two additional alloys in the as-cast state. In addition, the model-calculated isotherm and liquidus projection are able to rationalize results reported in a recent publication for this ternary. This paper demonstrates the power of using a preliminary calculated phase diagram for selecting key alloys for experimentation, on basis of which a reliable thermodynamic description can be developed.
Analysis of phase formation in Ni-rich alloys of the Ni–Ta–W system by calorimetry, DTA, SEM, and TEM
Authors: Witusiewicz Victor T. , Hecht Ulrike , Warnken Nils , Fries Suzana G. , Hu Weiping
Published: March 2022

The partial enthalpies of dissolution of pure Ni,Wand Ta in liquid ternary Ni –Ta –W alloys have been determined at (1773 ± 5) K using a high temperature isoperibolic calorimeter. Measurements were performed in Ni-rich alloys (from 80 to 100 at.% Ni) along sections with constant Ta .W atomic ratios 1 : 0, 2 : 1, 1 : 2, and 0 : 1. The partial enthalpies and thereby the integral enthalpy of mixing of these ternary alloys are calculated from the partial enthalpies of dissolution using SGTE Gibbs energies for pure elements as reference.

The obtained thermochemical data confirm that in the investigated Ni-rich alloys the binary interactions between Ta and W as well as the ternary Ni –Ta –W interactions are negligibly small. Due to this the variation of the integral enthalpy of mixing of the ternary alloys is well described as linear combination of the constituent Ni –Ta and Ni –W binaries. Such behaviour of the ternary liquid alloys is related to a very low probability of new ternary stable phases to occur in solid state. This prediction is confirmed by differential thermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy of the as-solidified and annealed samples obtained as last alloy compositions in the series of calorimetric dissolution.
Knudsen effusion mass spectrometric studies of the Al–Ni system: Thermodynamic properties over {AlNi + Al3Ni2} and {Al3Ni2 + Al3Ni}
Authors: Narasimhan Tiruppatur Subramaniam Lakshmi , Kath Dieter , Wessel Egbert , Markus Torsten , Hilpert Klaus
Published: March 2022

Vaporisation studies on Al–Ni alloys with x(Ni) = 0.43, 0.42, 0.35, and 0.32 were carried out by Knudsen effusion mass spectrometry. Partial pressure-temperature relations of Al(g) over the two phase regions {AlNi + Al3Ni2} and {Al3Ni2 + Al3Ni} were determined in the temperature ranges 1104 – 1278 K and 1021 –1122 K, respectively. The corresponding equations are log(p(Al)/Pa) = –(20 039 ± 84)/T(K) + (13.464 ± 0.070) for {AlNi + Al3Ni2} and log(p(Al)/Pa) = – (16 836 ± 235)/T(K) + (11.345 ± 0.219) for {Al3Ni2 + Al3Ni}. The vaporisation reactions, Al3Ni2.025(s) = 2.6436AlNi0.766(s) + 0.3564Al(g) and Al3Ni(s) = 0.572Al3Ni1.747(s) + 1.284Al(g) were evaluated and subsequently the enthalpy and Gibbs energy of formation of Al3Ni1.747(s) were derived.
Microstructural characterisation of a Co–Cr–Mo laser clad applied on railway wheels
Authors: Farooq Muhammad Umar , Klement Uta , Nolze Gert
Published: March 2022

A Co – Cr –Mo laser cladding applied on railway wheels is characterised by a combination of EBSD and EDX. A complete pass of the cladding is investigated to achieve a better understanding of the microstructure evolution during laser cladding. A microstructure with columnar grains extending over the whole thickness of the cladding is observed. The grains have a <001>-fibre texture with the fibre axis parallel to the normal of the substrate surface, and a substructure consisting of cells/dendrites. During the cladding process, two different kinds of precipitates form in the cell walls, which can be identified as M6C and a non-equilibrium phase. Furthermore, stacking faults are observed to occur in the cladding grains and are discussed with respect to the laser cladding process.
Diffusion of 65Zn in the Mg17Al12 intermetallic compound and in the Mg-33.4 wt.% Al eutectic
Authors: Čermák Jiří , Stloukal Ivo
Published: March 2022

The coefficient of 65Zn heterodiffusion in the Mg17Al12 intermetallic compound (β-phase) and the eutectic alloy Mg-33.4 wt.% Al was measured in the temperature region 598 – 698 K using serial sectioning and residual activity methods. The diffusion coefficient of 65Zn in the intermetallic can be written as Δ
I = 1.5 × 10– 2 m2 s –1 × exp( – 154.3 kJ mol –1/RT). At temperatures T ≥ 648 K, where the mean diffusion path is greater than the mean interlamellar distance in the eutectic, the effective diffusion coefficient Δ
eff = 2.7 × 10– 2 m2 s –1 exp(–155.1 kJ mol– 1/ RT) was evaluated. At two lower temperatures, the diffusion coefficients 65Zn in interphase boundaries were estimated: Δ
b (623 K) = 1.6 × 10 –12 m2 τ– 1 and Δ
b (598 K) = 4.4 × 10– 13 m2 τ–1. The specific (Mg)/β interfacial energy γ = 140 mJ m– 2 was assessed from measurement of the time dependence of interlamellar distance during isothermal anneal.
Electron density distribution influencing the electrical and magnetic properties of polycrystalline Bi0.9Sm0.1FeO3 ceramics
Authors: Rajesh R.
Published: March 2022

This article reports the structural properties that influence the electrical and magnetic behaviours of polycrystalline Bi1−x
Sm
x
FeO3 (x = 0, 0.1) ceramics. The samples are synthesized by a two-step solid state reaction. X-ray diffraction patterns expose two characteristic peaks corresponding to (104) and (110) planes around 31°. Bi1−x
Sm
x
FeO3 (x = 0, 0.1) samples crystalize primarily in the R3c phase along with the traces of secondary phases. The Rietveld refinement analysis reveals that the tilt angle of Bi0.9Sm0.1FeO3 reduces due to the twisting of FeO6 octahedra compared to pristine BiFeO3. The electron density distribution and type of bonding are analyzed using the maximum entropy method. The microstructural analysis reveals that the Bi0.9Sm0.1FeO3 sample has a reduced average particle size compared to pristine BiFeO3. The influence of samarium ions in the bismuth site deviates the canting angle of the modulated spiral spin arrangement and the charge density distribution of the Bi0.9Sm0.1FeO3 sample as a result, the electrical and magnetic behaviours are improved compared with bare BiFeO3.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and delayed onset muscle soreness in light of the impaired blink and stretch reflexes – watch out for Piezo2
Authors: Sonkodi Balázs , Hortobágyi Tibor
Published: March 2022

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal, multisystem neurodegenerative disease that causes the death of motoneurons (MNs) progressively and eventually leads to paralysis. In contrast, delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) is defined as delayed onset soreness, muscle stiffness, loss of force-generating capacity, reduced joint range of motion, and decreased proprioceptive function. Sensory deficits and impaired proprioception are common symptoms of both ALS and DOMS, as impairment at the proprioceptive sensory terminals in the muscle spindle is theorized to occur in both. The important clinical distinction is that extraocular muscles (EOM) are relatively spared in ALS, in contrast to limb skeletal muscles; however, the blink reflex goes through a gradual impairment in a later stage of disease progression. Noteworthy is, that, the stretch of EOM induces the blink reflex. The current authors suggest that the impairment of proprioceptive sensory nerve terminals in the EOM muscle spindles are partially responsible for lower blink reflex, beyond central origin, and implies the critical role of Piezo2 ion channels and Wnt-PIP2 signaling in this pathomechanism. The proposed microinjury of Piezo2 on muscle spindle proprioceptive terminals could provide an explanation for the painless dying-back noncontact injury mechanism theory of ALS.
Sonoclot’s usefulness in prediction of cardiopulmonary arrest prognosis: A proof of concept study
Authors: Ichikawa Yumi , Kawano Kei , Mori Mizuki , Numazaki Ayumi , Aramaki Yuto , Fukushima Kazunori , Isshiki Yuta , Sawada Yusuke , Nakajima Jun , Oshima Kiyohiro
Published: March 2022

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the usefulness of measuring whole blood coagulation with Sonoclot to predict return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) in patients with out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest (OHCA). This was a prospective, observational clinical study on patients with OHCA who were transferred to our emergency department between August 2016 and July 2018. Patients were divided into two groups: patients with return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC[+] group) and those without (ROSC[−] group). We compared the activated clotting time (ACT), clot rate (CR), and platelet function (PF) as measured with Sonoclot, and the fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) level and D-dimer level between the two groups. We analyzed 87 patients: 37 in the ROSC(+) and 50 in the ROSC(−) groups. Regarding ACT, CR, PF, FDP, and D-dimer, we used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to examine how well each factor predicts ROSC. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of CR was higher than that of the FDP and D-dimer levels. Among patients with cardiogenic cardiac arrest, the AUC of CR was higher than the AUCs of other coagulation factors. In conclusion, viscoelastic blood coagulation measurements using Sonoclot may be useful for predicting ROSC in OHCA patients.
Deterioration characteristics of recycled aggregate concrete subjected to coupling effect with salt and frost
Authors: Yu Ying , Li Ben , Zhang Yu , Zhang Chen
Published: March 2022

In this study, the comprehensive performance and material properties of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) under the coupled effect of salt-frost cycles were investigated to simulate the effect of complex environmental effects on the durability and deterioration of RAC. The tests on mass loss, relative dynamic modulus of elasticity (RDME), and compressive strength of RAC were conducted after 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 standard salt-frost cycles. The results show that the mass loss, RDME, and compressive strength of RAC develop in a bad direction with the increase of the number of salt-frost cycles and the amount of recycled aggregate admixture. The concrete damage is particularly severe at more than 40% recycled aggregate admixture. This phenomenon is explained by the changes in the microscopic morphology, distribution of the pore structure, and functional groups of RAC.
Novel approach to improve shale stability using super-amphiphobic nanoscale materials in water-based drilling fluids and its field application
Authors: Luo Xuwu , Jiang Guancheng , Wang Guoshuai , Yang Lili , He Yinbo , Cui Kaixiao , Yang Jun
Published: March 2022

In this study, super-amphiphobic nano-silica nanoparticles (SA-NPs) were used to enhance the shale stabilization performance of water-based drilling fluids (WBDFs) by altering the surface wettability, preventing the capillary self-priming effect, and plugging the nano-micro pores of shale. The results of transmission electron microscopy, particle size distribution, and scanning electron microscopy characterization revealed that SA-NPs exhibited a nanoscale “coalesce” structure, which is composed of spherical particles joined together, and could form a nano-papillary structure on the shale surface. Due to the presence of nano-micro scale rough structures and ultra-low surface energy components, the shale treated by SA-NPS exhibited super-amphiphobic surface property in the contact angle test. Contact angles of water and hexadecane on the shale surface reached up to 154.13° and 151.34° after being treated with SA-NPs, respectively. Furthermore, the addition of 1% SA-NPs in WBDFs could reduce the linear swelling rate from 40.5 to 6.0%, increase the shale cuttings recovery percentages from 82.5 to 95.6%, increase the plugging rate of low permeability shale core from 81.25 to 94.00%, and raise the high-temperature and high-pressure uniaxial compressive strength from 3.45 to 4.87 MPa. Compared with the polyether amine and fumed nano-silica, the addition of SA-NPs produced the best performance. Based on the excellent shale stabilization performance of SA-NPs, a high-performance WBDF was developed and applied in Dagang Oilfield. During the drilling operation， no wellbore instability, sticking, and other complex situations occurred. The results indicate that SA-NPs could better address the issue of wellbore instability in shale formations and have a great application prospect in shale well drilling.
Chemically and Light-Driven Coordination-Induced Spin State Switching (CISSS) of a nonheme-iron complex
Authors: Fischer Kim , Krahmer Jan , Tuczek Felix
Published: March 2022

The new Fe(II) complex [Fe(trident)(bmik)](ClO4)2 (1) (trident = bis(2-pyridylmethyl)benzylamine and bmik = bis(1-methylimidazole)ketone) exhibits a change of magnetic moment in dichloromethane (DCM) solution upon addition of pyridine which is attributed to the Coordination-Induced Spin State Switching effect (CISSS). By attaching a photoisomerizable azopyridine sidegroup to the tridentate ligand the complex [Fe(azpy-trident)(bmik)](ClO4)2 (2; azpy-trident = [N,N-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)]-3-(3-pyridylazo)benzylamine) is obtained. As detected by Evans NMR spectroscopy, 2 reversibly changes its magnetic moment in homogeneous solution upon photoirradiation which is attributed to intermolecular Light-Driven Coordination-Induced Spin State Switching (LD-CISSS). Further support for this interpretation is inferred from concentration-dependent Evans NMR measurements.
Analysis of Model Thermal Profile Forecasts Associated with Winter Mixed Precipitation within the United States Mid-Atlantic Region
Authors: Ellis Andrew W. , Keighton Stephen J. , Zick Stephanie E. , Shearer Andrew S. , Hockenbury Casey E. , Silverman Anita
Published: March 2022

Winter mixed-precipitation events across the mid-Atlantic region of the United States from 2013–2014 through 2018–2019 were used to analyze common short-term model forecasts of vertical atmospheric thermal structure. Using saturated forecast soundings of the North American Mesoscale (NAM), higher-resolution nested NAM (NAMnest), and the Rapid Refresh models—corresponding with observed warm-nose precipitation events (WNPEs)—several thermal metrics formed the basis of the analysis of observed and forecast soundings, including Bourgouin positive and negative areas. While the three models accurately forecast the general thermal structure well during WNPEs, a warm bias is evident within each. Well forecast are maximum and minimum temperatures within the warm nose and surface-based cold layer, respectively, but the cold layer is commonly too thin for each of the models, and the warm nose is regularly too thick, particularly within NAM and NAMnest forecasts. Forecasts of a cold layer that is too shallow tend to coincide with observations of stronger synoptic-scale upward motion, a deeper cold surface-based layer, and a higher isentropic surface. Forecasts of a warm nose that is too thick tend to coincide with observations of weaker upward motion, a shallower cold surface-based layer, and a lower isentropic surface across the region. Two-thirds of precipitation-type estimates from model soundings agreed with those derived from observed soundings, with the remaining third predominantly representing a warm bias in precipitation type.
“To give form to what cannot be comprehended”: Trauma in Kurt Vonnegut’s Slaughterhouse-Five and Martin Amis’s Time’s Arrow
Authors:   The University of Białystok, Poland, Czajkowska Aleksandra
Published: March 2022

The primary objective of this article is the analysis of trauma in Kurt Vonnegut’s Slaughterhouse-Five and Martin Amis’s Time’s Arrow. It is argued that through the deployment of experimental literary techniques (particularly destabilized and non-linear narratives) these two novels offer valuable insights into the mechanisms of a traumatized mind and help to understand the uncertain sense of the self experienced by those who suffer from traumatic memories.
Loss of urotensin II receptor diminishes hyperglycemia and kidney injury in streptozotocin-treated mice
Authors: Peixoto-Neves Dieniffer , Kanthakumar Praghalathan , Kumar Ravi , Soni Hitesh , Adebiyi Adebowale
Published: March 2022

Beyond the CNS, urotensin II (UII) and its receptor (UT) are functionally expressed in peripheral tissues of the endocrine, cardiovascular, and renal systems. The expression levels of UII and UT in the kidney and circulating UII levels are increased in diabetes. UII also promotes mesangial proliferation and matrix accumulation in vitro. Here, we evaluate the effect of UT deletion on the development of hyperglycemia and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in streptozotocin (STZ)-treated mice. Ten‐week-old WT and UT knockout (KO) mice were injected with STZ for 5 days to induce diabetes. Blood glucose levels were measured weekly, and necropsy was performed 12 weeks after STZ injection. UT ablation slowed hyperglycemia and glucosuria in STZ-treated mice. UT KO also ameliorated STZ-induced increase in HbA1c, but not STZ-induced decrease in plasma insulin levels. However, STZ-induced increases in plasma glucagon concentration and immunohistochemical staining for glucagon in pancreatic islets were lessened in UT KO mice. UT ablation also protected against STZ-induced kidney derangements, including albuminuria, mesangial expansion, glomerular lesions, and glomerular endoplasmic reticulum stress. UT is expressed in a cultured pancreatic alpha cell line, and its activation by UII triggered membrane depolarization, T- and L-type voltage-gated Ca2+channel-dependent Ca2+influx, and glucagon secretion. These findings suggest that apart from direct action on the kidneys to cause injury, UT activation by UII may result in DKD by promoting hyperglycemia via induction of glucagon secretion by pancreatic alpha cells.
Constructing Household Routines with the Internet
Authors: Mersereau Michel
Published: March 2022

Despite an abundance of literature highlighting the necessity of achieving digital parity in low-income communities, a concrete characterization of the internet as essential household infrastructure remains elusive. The original research presented in this paper uses Social Systems Theory as a framework for investigating how social housing residents use at-home internet to support their household activities and domestic routines. The findings illustrate how internet use within the household can increase the efficiency and breadth of routine activities, and become normalized within the household as a result. The results also highlight the motivations for internet adoption in older adult households, as well as the implications for household labour and finances associated with internet service termination in family households. These findings are relevant for scholars interested in domestic internet use in elderly and family households, and for policymakers hoping to alleviate digital inequity in low-income communities.