bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Utilização de concentrados sanguíneos em tratamentos de cavidade cirúrgica após remoção de cisto periapical – Relato de caso
Authors: Brito Nadiery Mainara , Parrião Eduarda Vinhal , Costa Marcelo Dias Moreira de Assis , Dietrich Lia , Martins Victor da Mota
Published: June 2021

Cistos são cavidades patológicas recobertas por tecido epitelial. Os cistos periapicais são as lesões císticas mais comuns dos maxilares e originam-se de um granuloma, através de um processo inflamatório crônico, que estimula a proliferação de remanescentes epiteliais na região do periápice. São assintomáticos e considerados achados radiográficos. O tratamento dos cistos periapicais varia de acordo com a extensão da lesão. Objetivo: Descrever um caso clínico da remoção de um cisto periapical combinada à apicectomia, retrobturação e preenchimento da cavidade cística com concentrado sanguíneo. Relato de caso: Paciente E.L.G, sexo masculino, 43 anos, procurou a clínica odontológica com queixa principal de “dentes quebrando”. Durante anamnese e exame clínico foi notado um aumento volumétrico de consistência mole no fundo do rebordo vestibular anterior da maxila, sintomático ao toque, na região dos incisivos direitos. Foi solicitada uma radiografia panorâmica e pôde-se observar uma lesão radiolúcida de limites definidos; com margem de esclerose óssea, de aproximadamente um centímetro e meio em seu maior diâmetro, unilocular, arredondada, envolvendo o ápice radicular do dente 12 e estendendo-se para a região do dente 11. O exame anatomopatológico confirmou o diagnóstico de cisto periapical. Foi realizada curetagem cística seguida de apicectomia e retrobturação com MTA. Para promoção do reparo ósseo, optou-se pelo preenchimento da cavidade cística com biomaterial A-PRF+. Considerações: O A-PRF+ apresentou-se como uma alternativa de relevante importância no controle do quadro inflamatório, auxiliando no processo de reparo dos tecidos moles e duros.
Verificação da eficiência de um dispositivo de desinfecção por radiação UV-C
Authors: Rocha Alexsandro Silvestre da , Silva Cláudia Adriana da , Souza Regina Lélis de , Choque Nilo Maurício Sotomayor , Soares Denisia Brito , Ferreira Eskálath Morganna Silva , Araújo Mirelle Ribeiro , Silva Juliana Fonseca Moreira da , Pimenta Raphael Sanzio
Published: June 2021

A Pandemia COVID-19, causada pelo vírus SARS-COV-2, evidenciou a necessidade de desenvolvimento de métodos seguros e economicamente viáveis para a realização de desinfecções em escala comercial e doméstica. Os coronavírus são mais suscetíveis à radiação UV-C do que fungos e bactérias e diversos estudos relacionados à eficiência da UVC contra o vírus causador da COVID-19 já foram realizados utilizando micro-organismos substitutos. Desta forma, este estudo buscou o desenvolvimento de um dispositivo acessível a usuários leigos para utilização em materiais que não podem ser submetidos a métodos convencionais de eliminação de micro-organismos (desinfecção química ou térmica). Esta pesquisa propôs a produção e validação de um dispositivo emissor de radiação UV-C portátil para a desinfeção de substratos suscetíveis a contaminação por bactérias, fungos e vírus patogênicos. O dispositivo foi desenvolvido a partir de materiais acessíveis a grande parte das empresas e população. Em seguida foi realizada a validação da eficiência do dispositivo através da exposição de culturas microbianas (bactéria Gram positiva, negativa e levedura) em diferentes intervalos de tempo. O dispositivo foi desenvolvido plenamente a partir de materiais de baixo custo e acessíveis. Todos os micro-organismos testados (Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus e Escherichia coli) foram eliminados do meio de cultura com menos de 20 min. de exposição. O dispositivo desenvolvido neste estudo pode ser construído por boa parte das empresas e população. O dispositivo se mostrou eficaz para reduzir o risco de contágio de diferentes micro-organismos patogênicos, sugerindo sua efetividade contra SARS- COV-2 causador da pandemia COVID-19.
Implantação e operacionalização do Núcleo Interno de Regulação hospitalar: Revisão integrativa
Authors: Machado Rosângela Marques , Lima Suzinara Beatriz Soares de , Costa Valdecir Zavarese da , Venturini Larissa , Streck Mônica Tábata Heringer
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: identificar as evidências científicas, disponíveis na literatura, acerca da implantação e operacionalização dos Núcleos Internos de Regulação nos hospitais. Metodologia: trata-se de uma revisão integrativa, realizada no mês de setembro de 2020, nas bases de dados LILACS, Pubmed e Scopus, utilizando estratégias de busca específicas para cada base. Dos 1028 estudos encontrados foram selecionados 26 para análise. Resultados:  A operacionalização e implantação dos Núcleos Internos de Regulação abarca: gestão de leitos como uma ferramenta de acesso aos serviços de saúde; o processo de trabalho para aplicação da gestão de leitos nos serviços de saúde; e a promoção do gerenciamento de leitos através de ferramentas operacionais. Conclusão: O conhecimento das evidências relacionadas as atribuições, mazelas e sistematização do NIR permitiu a composição de uma estrutura ao gerenciamento do fluxo dos leitos hospitalares, tornando claro esse processo e permitindo compreender a construção do conhecimento que embasa esse processo e a atuação dos profissionais nas instituições hospitalares.
Percepciones y prácticas socio-ambientales en las comunidades aledañas al Corredor Biológico Montes del Aguacate
Authors: Vargas Morales Marielos
Published: June 2021

El Corredor Biológico Montes del Aguacate de Costa Rica en una zona de conectividad donde se genera una estrecha relación entre las poblaciones humanas y el entorno, lo cual impacta directamente los ecosistemas naturales. El estudio socio-ambiental se construye desde la mirada de sus pobladores por lo que se aplica una encuesta de percepción con preguntas abiertas y cerradas a 128 personas en 30 distritos donde se ubica el corredor biológico. Las categorías de análisis versan sobre: 1) uso del suelo y actividades productivas sostenibles; 2) organización local y capacitación en temas ambientales y 3) prácticas tendientes a la protección del ambiente. Se identifica en el corredor biológico dos actividades productivas relevantes; el cultivo de café y la ganadería, lo cual moviliza la economía local, pero a la vez, genera una significativa tala de árboles y algunas acciones contaminantes. En la población participante existe desconocimiento generalizado sobre la coexistencia con el corredor biológico. Prevalece el discurso de cuidar el entorno natural, pero no se acompaña con acciones concretas. El desarrollo de la zona tiene un fuerte ligamen con el turismo rural, donde se aprovecha la belleza escénica y la biodiversidad natural. Se rescata el reconocimiento comunitario a las instancias administradoras del agua; la concientización de algunos pobladores con acciones en pro de un ambiente sostenible y el poder que como colectivo han redescubierto algunas comunidades en la protección del entorno natural.
Bulimia em adolescentes praticantes de atividade física
Authors: Santos Natália Fernandes Henrique
Published: June 2021

A pressão social para ser magro tem feito com que milhões de adolescentes, na maioria do sexo feminino, utilizem métodos inadequados, como vômitos auto induzidos e a prática excessiva de exercícios físicos para conseguir alcançar o padrão de beleza idealizado pela mídia. Essa difusão deste padrão tem sido apontada como uma das causas de transtornos alimentares em adolescentes. Este trabalho revisa a literatura sobre bulimia nervosa não purgativa, discutindo suas causas, efeitos e terapia nutricional.
A utilização do método canguru em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal
Authors: Silva Mariana Pereira Barbosa , Leite Airton César , Santos Samuel Lopes dos , Sousa Maria Vitalina Alves de , Moura Layanne Cavalcante de , Fonseca Vanessa Maranhão Noleto da , Carvalho Simone Barroso de , Martins Jocenara Firme de Moura Santos , Tôrres Alane da Silva , Costa José Ronildo da , Barbosa Rosanna Rafena Ribeiro , Oliveira Janiele Soares de , Pinheiro Rejane Barbosa Ciriaco , Maciel Amanda Costa , Araujo Gustavo Baroni , Dias Nathália Menezes , Brito Pâmela Ferreira , Apolinário Joelma Maria dos Santos da Silva
Published: June 2021

A prematuridade é um problema de saúde pública, em que requer a necessidade de internação do recém-nascido (RN) em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal (UTIN), no entanto, gera a separação preco­ce entre mãe e bebê, sendo considerado, pelas mães, um momento devastador e traumático, além de alterar a dinâmica e rotina familiar. Este estudo tem como objetivo discutir a partir de achados na literatura a utilização do método canguru em unidades de terapia intensiva neonatal com enfoque nos seus benefícios. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, do tipo revisão integrativa de literatura, de caráter qualitativo, a busca dos artigos foi realizada com o auxílio das bases de dados LILACS, SciELO, BDENF, via BVS, e Scholar Google. Os artigos foram coletados no período de abril de 2021.  Foram utilizados os descritores: “Método canguru” and “Unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal” and “Recém-Nascido Prematuro”, cruzados com o operador booleando “AND”, localizados na lista dos Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DECs). Após a aplicação dos critérios de elegibilidade, restaram 13 estudos que se adequaram ao objetivo proposto pela pesquisa. A utilização do método canguru compreende um novo modelo de cuidado que insere a família no tratamento do neonato, com objetivo de humanizar a assistência. Conclui-se que são amplos os benefícios de tal método, contribuindo significativamente para o desenvolvimento do RN em vários aspectos, além de promover um maior vínculo entre mãe e bebê.
Caryocar brasiliense do Cerrado brasileiro ao tratamento de feridas - Revisão integrativa
Authors: Pereira Tácio Fragoso , Sousa Maura Vieira dos Santos , Leite Itamara Farias
Published: June 2021

Diariamente inúmeras pessoas no Brasil e no mundo são acometidas com lesões teciduais causadas por diversos fatores que podem gerar significativas perdas na pele. O próprio organismo após uma injúria tecidual começa o processo de reparação, porém quando realizado sem intervenção farmacêutica, o processo é demorado e muitas vezes essa cicatrização não é eficiente e deixa sequelas. Visando contornar esse problema, uma alternativa promissora para este fim, tem sido o uso do pequi, fruta típica do cerrado brasileiro, rico em ácidos graxos insaturados que vem sendo usado na medicina popular por seus efeitos anti-inflamatórios e cicatrizantes no tratamento de várias enfermidades assim como na reabilitação de lesões teciduais e, por esse motivo são alvos de pesquisas mais detalhada nesse trabalho. Este artigo trata-se de uma revisão integrativa sobre as potencialidades do pequi no tratamento de feridas, tendo o privilégio de unir duas áreas cientificas que é a grande biodiversidade brasileira e a saúde sobre uma abordagem interdisciplinar. Para a coleta dos dados, fez-se um levantamento bibliográfico no período de 2014 a 2021 e de 2009 a 2021 para periódicos de revisão e de pesquisa, respectivamente. As buscas foram realizadas, usando as bases de dados eletrônicos da BVS e indexadas como LILACS, SCIELO, PubMed, Google acadêmico e Science direct.  Baseado nesse levantamento bibliográfico, pode-se comprovar o espectro de ação biológica do pequi quando utilizado no tratamento de feridas, apresentando resultados positivos no reparo e cicatrização tecidual, confirmados por meio de exames macroscópicos, histológicos e clínicos.
ISOLASI SENYAWA AKTIF DAN UJI AKTIVITAS EKSTRAK JAHE MERAH (ZINGIBER OFFICINALE) SEBAGAI IMUNOMODULATOR
Authors: Masniah Masniah , Rezi Jafril , Faisal Ahmad Purnawarman
Published: June 2021

Red ginger (Zingiber officinale) contains many chemical compounds that have many activities. This study aims to determine the active compounds of Zingiber officinale and immunomodulatory activity that can increase the phagocytosis of macrophage cells and lymphocyte cell proliferation. Red ginger extract compounds were identified using GC-MS. The parameters of immunostimulatory activity were macrophage phagocytosis and lymphocyte proliferation, the preparations were made in several extract concentrations. This research is an experimental study in the laboratory. The research included fresh red ginger, made into ethanol extract, dried. The results were made a suspension, the extract was then given to macrophage cells (phagocytosis testing) and lymphocyte cells (proliferation testing) in vitro to test the immunomodulatory effect. The results showed that the most active extract in macrophage phagocytosis activity was the extract concentration of 500 ppm. While the activity of lymphocyte proliferation was shown by the concentration of group A (Cell, 500 ppm extract, MK, Engerik). The active compound contained in the ethanol extract of red ginger is thought to be Geraniol
Novel Bioactive Glass-Modified Hybrid Composite Resin: Mechanical Properties, Biocompatibility, and Antibacterial and Remineralizing Activity
Authors: Han Xiao , Chen Yan , Jiang Qian , Liu Xin , Chen Yaming
Published: June 2021

Secondary caries seriously limits the lifetime of composite resin. However, integrating all desirable properties (i.e., mechanical, antibacterial, bioactivity, and biocompatibility) into one composite resin is still challenging. Herein, a novel bioactive glass (BAG)-modified hybrid composite resin has been successfully developed to simultaneously achieve excellent mechanical properties, good biocompatibility, and antibacterial and remineralizing capabilities. When the mass fractions of BAG particles were added from 8 to 23 wt %, the original mechanical properties of the composite resin, including flexural strength and compressive strength, were not obviously affected without compromising the degree of conversion. Although the BAG incorporation of mass fractions of 16 wt % to 23 wt % in composite resins reduced cell viability, the viability could be recovered to normal by adjusting the pH value. Moreover, the BAG-modified composite resins that were obtained showed good antibacterial effects against Streptococcus mutans and enhanced remineralizing activity on demineralized dentin surfaces with increasing incorporation of BAG particles. The possible mechanisms for antibacterial and remineralizing activity might be closely related to the release of bioactive ions (Ca2+, Si4+), suggesting that its antibacterial and biological properties can be controlled by modulating the amounts of bioactive ions. The capability to balance the mechanical properties, cytotoxicity, antibacterial activity, and bioactivity makes the BAG-modified composite resin a promising prospect for clinical application. Our findings provide insight into better design and intelligent fabrication of bioactive composite resins.
Exposure to Prenatal Stress Is Associated With an Excitatory/Inhibitory Imbalance in Rat Prefrontal Cortex and Amygdala and an Increased Risk for Emotional Dysregulation
Authors: Marchisella Francesca , Creutzberg Kerstin Camile , Begni Veronica , Sanson Alice , Wearick-Silva Luis Eduardo , Tractenberg Saulo Gantes , Orso Rodrigo , Kestering-Ferreira Érika , Grassi-Oliveira Rodrigo , Riva Marco Andrea
Published: June 2021

Epidemiological studies have shown that environmental insults and maternal stress during pregnancy increase the risk of several psychiatric disorders in the offspring. Converging lines of evidence from humans, as well as from rodent models, suggest that prenatal stress (PNS) interferes with fetal development, ultimately determining changes in brain maturation and function that may lead to the onset of neuropsychiatric disorders. From a molecular standpoint, transcriptional alterations are thought to play a major role in this context and may contribute to the behavioral phenotype by shifting the expression of genes related to excitatory and inhibitory (E/I) transmission balance. Nevertheless, the exact neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the enhanced vulnerability to psychopathology following PNS exposure are not well understood. In the present study, we used a model of maternal stress in rats to investigate the distal effects of PNS on the expression of genes related to glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmissions. We inspected two critical brain regions involved in emotion regulation, namely, the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the amygdala (AMY), which we show to relate with the mild behavioral effects detected in adult rat offspring. We observed that PNS exposure promotes E/I imbalance in the PFC of adult males only, by dysregulating the expression of glutamatergic-related genes. Moreover, such an effect is accompanied by increased expression of the activity-dependent synaptic modulator gene Npas4 specifically in the PFC parvalbumin (PV)-positive interneurons, suggesting an altered regulation of synapse formation promoting higher PV-dependent inhibitory transmission and increased overall circuit inhibition in the PFC of males. In the AMY, PNS more evidently affects the transcription of GABAergic-related genes, shifting the balance toward inhibition. Collectively, our findings suggest that the E/I dysregulation of the PFC-to-AMY transmission may be a long-term signature of PNS and may contribute to increase the risk for mood disorder upon further stress.
How Does Social Interaction Affect Pro-Environmental Behaviors in China? The Mediation Role of Conformity
Authors: Zhu Yuxin , Wang Yin , Liu Ziming
Published: June 2021

Environmental problems rooted in human behaviors have been the major obstacles to sustainable development in many countries. The promotion of residents’ pro-environmental behaviors may serve to mitigate environmental problems. In this paper, we understand residents’ pro-environmental behaviors from the perspective of social interaction. We distinguish between low-cost and high-cost pro-environmental behaviors and analyze to what extent social interaction may affect the two types of pro-environmental behaviors and whether conformity plays a mediation role, using the Chinese General Social Survey in 2013. We find that frequent social interaction increases residents’ low-cost pro-environmental behaviors but decreases residents’ high-cost pro-environmental behaviors. Conformity has no mediation role for low-cost pro-environmental behaviors but has a full mediation role for high-cost pro-environmental behaviors. We conclude that residents have a strong tendency to conform to the behavioral patterns of the social majority when such conformity can save their time, effort, or financial cost. To promote residents’ pro-environmental behaviors, their enforcement cost for the residents should be taken into account and adaptive policy instruments should be developed for different types of pro-environmental behaviors.
Inhalation of Molecular Hydrogen, a Rescue Treatment for Noise-Induced Hearing Loss
Authors: Fransson Anette Elisabeth , Videhult Pierre Pernilla , Risling Mårten , Laurell Göran Frans Emanuel
Published: June 2021

Noise exposure is the most important external factor causing acquired hearing loss in humans, and it is strongly associated with the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cochlea. Several studies reported that the administration of various compounds with antioxidant effects can treat oxidative stress-induced hearing loss. However, traditional systemic drug administration to the human inner ear is problematic and has not been successful in a clinical setting. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop rescue treatment for patients with acute acoustic injuries. Hydrogen gas has antioxidant effects, rapid distribution, and distributes systemically after inhalation.The purpose of this study was to determine the protective efficacy of a single dose of molecular hydrogen (H2) on cochlear structures. Guinea pigs were divided into six groups and sacrificed immediately after or at 1 or 2 weeks. The animals were exposed to broadband noise for 2 h directly followed by 1-h inhalation of 2% H2 or room air. Electrophysiological hearing thresholds using frequency-specific auditory brainstem response (ABR) were measured prior to noise exposure and before sacrifice. ABR thresholds were significantly lower in H2-treated animals at 2 weeks after exposure, with significant preservation of outer hair cells in the entire cochlea. Quantification of synaptophysin immunoreactivity revealed that H2 inhalation protected the cochlear inner hair cell synaptic structures containing synaptophysin. The inflammatory response was greater in the stria vascularis, showing increased Iba1 due to H2 inhalation.Repeated administration of H2 inhalation may further improve the therapeutic effect. This animal model does not reproduce conditions in humans, highlighting the need for additional real-life studies in humans.
Association of Lymphocyte-to-Monocyte Ratio With Survival in Advanced Gastric Cancer Patients Treated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor
Authors: Chen Yang , Zhang Cheng , Peng Zhi , Qi Changsong , Gong Jifang , Zhang Xiaotian , Li Jian , Shen Lin
Published: June 2021

Background

Optimal prognostic biomarkers for patients with gastric cancer who received immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) are lacking. Inflammatory markers including lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and systemic inflammation index (SII) are easily available. However, its correlation with ICI is unknown in gastric cancer. Here, we evaluated the potential association between LMR, PLR, and SII with clinical outcomes in gastric cancer patients undergoing ICI therapy.

Methods

We examined LMR, PLR, SII at baseline, and 6 (± 2) weeks later in 139 patients received ICI therapy between August 2015 and April 2019 at Peking University Cancer Hospital (Beijing, China). Landmark analysis at 6 weeks was conducted to explore the prognostic value of LMR, PLR, and SII on progress-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). A Cox proportional hazards model was used to compute mortality hazard ratios (HRs) for LMR, adjusting for potential confounders including age, sex, ECOG, tumor location, tumor differentiation, tumor stage, line of therapy, and type of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy.

Results

Among 139 patients, 103 (74.1%) were male, median age was 60 years. Median duration of therapy was 6 cycles. We observed that both LMR at baseline and week 6 were independent prognostic factors. Patients with a higher LMR (≥ 3.5) at baseline or week 6 had superior PFS [baseline: HR 0.58, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.38–0.91; week 6: HR 0.48, 95% CI: 0.29–0.78] and OS (baseline: HR 0.38, 95% CI: 0.24–0.62; week 6: HR 0.52, 95% CI: 0.31–0.88) compared with patients with a lower LMR (< 3.5). Furthermore, for patients with both LMR ≥ 3.5 at baseline and LMR ≥ 3.5 at week 6 were estimated to have much better PFS (HR 0.41, 95% CI: 0.23–0.72) and OS (HR 0.34, 95% CI: 0.18–0.64) than patients with both LMR < 3.5 at baseline and LMR < 3.5 at week 6.

Conclusions

Baseline and early changes in LMR were strongly associated with survival in gastric cancer patients who received ICI therapy, and may serve to identify patients most likely to benefit from ICI.
A Novel Mechanism of Action of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Chidamide: Enhancing the Chemotaxis Function of Circulating PD-1(+) Cells From Patients With PTCL
Authors: Wei Chong , Hu Shaoxuan , Luo Mingjie , Chen Chong , Wang Wei , Zhang Wei , Zhou Daobin
Published: June 2021

Background

Peripheral T‐cell lymphomas (PTCLs) are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms characterized by a poor prognosis. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have emerged as novel therapeutic agents for PTCLs. In this study, we aimed to explore the immunomodulatory effect of the HDAC inhibitor chidamide on circulating PD-1(+) cells from patients with PTCL, as well as its correlation with treatment response.

Methods

We enrolled newly diagnosed patients with PTCLs treated with a combination of chidamide and chemotherapy. Gene expression profile analysis was performed on peripheral blood PD-1(+) cells, both at baseline and at the end of treatment. A list of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was identified. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were performed to annotate the biological implications of the DEGs. A gene concept network was constructed to identify the key DEGs for further PCR verification.

Results

A total of 302 DEGs were identified in the complete remission (CR) group, including 162 upregulated and 140 downregulated genes. In contrast, only 12 DEGs were identified in the non-CR group. GO analysis revealed that these upregulated DEGs were mainly involved in chemokine activity, cell chemotaxis, and cellular response to interleukin-1 and interferon-γ. Furthermore, KEGG pathway analysis showed that these DEGs were enriched in cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and chemokine signaling pathways. The innate immune signaling pathways, including the Toll-like and NOD-like receptor signaling pathways, were also influenced. The gene concept network revealed that the key upregulated genes belonged to the C-C chemokine family.

Conclusion

Our results showed that chidamide treatment notably enhanced the expression of genes associated with chemokine activity and chemotaxis function of circulating PD-1(+) cells. By recruiting immune cells and improving the innate immune function of PD-1(+) cells, chidamide may reshape the tumor microenvironment to an anti-tumor phenotype and synergize with checkpoint inhibitors.
An Updated Organ-Based Multi-Level Model for Glucose Homeostasis: Organ Distributions, Timing, and Impact of Blood Flow
Authors: Herrgårdh Tilda , Li Hao , Nyman Elin , Cedersund Gunnar
Published: June 2021

Glucose homeostasis is the tight control of glucose in the blood. This complex control is important, due to its malfunction in serious diseases like diabetes, and not yet sufficiently understood. Due to the involvement of numerous organs and sub-systems, each with their own intra-cellular control, we have developed a multi-level mathematical model, for glucose homeostasis, which integrates a variety of data. Over the last 10 years, this model has been used to insert new insights from the intra-cellular level into the larger whole-body perspective. However, the original cell-organ-body translation has during these years never been updated, despite several critical shortcomings, which also have not been resolved by other modeling efforts. For this reason, we here present an updated multi-level model. This model provides a more accurate sub-division of how much glucose is being taken up by the different organs. Unlike the original model, we now also account for the different dynamics seen in the different organs. The new model also incorporates the central impact of blood flow on insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. Each new improvement is clear upon visual inspection, and they are also supported by statistical tests. The final multi-level model describes >300 data points in >40 time-series and dose-response curves, resulting from a large variety of perturbations, describing both intra-cellular processes, organ fluxes, and whole-body meal responses. We hope that this model will serve as an improved basis for future data integration, useful for research and drug developments within diabetes.
MEK1/2 Inhibition Synergistically Enhances the Preventive Effects of Normobaric Oxygen on Spinal Cord Injury in Decompression Sickness Rats
Authors: Zhou Quan , Meng Xiangyang , Huang Guoyang , Yi Hongjie , Zheng Juan , Zhang Kun , Xu Weigang
Published: June 2021

A previous study from our team found that hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) pretreatment attenuated decompression sickness (DCS) spinal cord injury by upregulating heat shock protein 32 (HSP32) via the ROS/p38 MAPK pathway. Meanwhile, a MEK1/2-negative regulatory pathway was also activated to inhibit HSP32 overexpression. The purpose of this study was to determine if normobaric oxygen (NBO) might effectively induce HSP32 while concurrently inhibiting MEK1/2 and to observe any protective effects on spinal cord injury in DCS rats. The expression of HSP32 in spinal cord tissue was measured at 6, 12, 18, and 24 h following NBO and MEK1/2 inhibitor U0126 pretreatment. The peak time of HSP32 was observed at 12 h after simulated air diving. Subsequently, signs of DCS, hindlimb motor function, and spinal cord and serum injury biomarkers were recorded. NBO-U0126 pretreatment significantly decreased the incidence of DCS, improved motor function, and attenuated oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and apoptosis in both the spinal cord and serum. These results suggest that pretreatment with NBO and U0126 combined can effectively alleviate DCS spinal cord injury in rats by upregulating HSP32. This may lead to a more convenient approach for DCS injury control, using non-pressurized NBO instead of HBO.
How Has the COVID-19 Crisis Affected the Academic Stress of University Students? The Role of Teachers and Students
Authors: de la Fuente Jesús , Pachón-Basallo Mónica , Santos Flavia H. , Peralta-Sánchez Francisco J. , González-Torres María Carmen , Artuch-Garde Raquel , Paoloni Paola V. , Gaetha Martha L.
Published: June 2021

The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic have required substantial adjustments in terms of university teaching–learning processes. The aim of this study was to verify whether there were significant differences between the academic year of 2020 and the two preceding years in factors and symptoms and stress. A total of 642 university students (ages 18–25 years) participated by filling out validated self-reports during the months from March to August 2020. Using an ex post facto design, SEM analyses and simple and multiple ANOVAs were performed. Structural results showed that stress factors from the teaching process had a predictive value for the learning process, emotions, and academic burnout, and being a man was a factor predicting negative emotion. In a similar way, inferential results revealed no significant effect of academic year but did show an effect of gender on stress experiences during the pandemic. Aside from certain specific aspects, there was no significant global effect of the year 2020 on factors and symptoms of stress. The results showed that studying in the year of the COVID-19 outbreak did not have a significant effect on stress triggered by the teaching process. From these results, we draw implications for specific guidance interventions with university teachers and students.
Social Perception of Risk-Taking Willingness as a Function of Expressions of Emotions
Authors: Hareli Shlomo , Elkabetz Shimon , Hanoch Yaniv , Hess Ursula
Published: June 2021

Two studies showed that emotion expressions serve as cues to the expresser’s willingness to take risks in general, as well as in five risk domains (ethical, financial, health and safety, recreational, and social). Emotion expressions did not have a uniform effect on risk estimates across risk domains. Rather, these effects fit behavioral intentions associated with each emotion. Thus, anger expressions were related to ethical and social risks. Sadness reduced perceived willingness to take financial (Study 1 only), recreational, and social risks. Happiness reduced perceived willingness to take ethical and health/safety risks relative to neutrality. Disgust expressions increased the perceived likelihood of taking a social risk. Finally, neutrality increased the perceived willingness to engage in risky behavior in general. Overall, these results suggest that observers use their naïve understanding of the meaning of emotions to infer how likely an expresser is to engage in risky behavior.
Registerial Adaptation vs. Innovation Across Situational Contexts: 18th Century Women in Transition
Authors: Degaetano-Ortlieb Stefania , Säily Tanja , Bizzoni Yuri
Published: June 2021

Endeavors to computationally model language variation and change are ever increasing. While analyses of recent diachronic trends are frequently conducted, long-term trends accounting for sociolinguistic variation are less well-studied. Our work sheds light on the temporal dynamics of language use of British 18th century women as a group in transition across two situational contexts. Our findings reveal that in formal contexts women adapt to register conventions, while in informal contexts they act as innovators of change in language use influencing others. While adopted from other disciplines, our methods inform (historical) sociolinguistic work in novel ways. These methods include diachronic periodization by Kullback-Leibler divergence to determine periods of change and relevant features of variation, and event cascades as influencer models.
A Survey on Integrated Access and Backhaul Networks
Authors: Zhang Yongqiang , Kishk Mustafa A. , Alouini Mohamed-Slim
Published: June 2021

Benefiting from the usage of the high-frequency band, utilizing part of the large available bandwidth for wireless backhauling is feasible without considerable performance sacrifice. In this context, integrated access and backhaul (IAB) has been proposed by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) to reduce the expenses related to the deployment of fiber optics for 5G and beyond networks. In this paper, first, a brief introduction of IAB based on the 3GPP release is presented. Then, the existing research on IAB networks based on 3GPP specifications and possible non-3GPP research extensions are surveyed. The research on non-3GPP extensions includes the integration of IAB networks with other advanced techniques beyond the currently defined protocol stacks, such as the integration of IAB to cache-enabled, optical communication transport, and non-terrestrial networks. Finally, the challenges and opportunities related to the development and commercialization of the IAB networks are discussed.
Surgical Morbidity and Lung Function Changes After Laser–Assisted Pulmonary Metastasectomy: A Prospective Bicentric Study
Authors: Hassan Mohamed , Graeter Thomas , Dietrich Irene , Kemna Lars Johann , Passlick Bernward , Schmid Severin
Published: June 2021

Objective: The surgical resection of pulmonary metastases is associated with a survival benefit in selected patients. The use of laser devices for pulmonary metastasectomy (PM) is believed to facilitate the complete resection of metastases while preserving a maximum of healthy parenchyma. This is a prospective study to evaluate surgical outcome including the changes of lung function after laser–assisted surgery (LAS).

Methods: A total of 77 operations in 61 patients in which PM was carried out in a curative intent were analyzed. A 1.320 nm diode-pumped Nd: YAG-Laser was used for resection of the metastases. Surgical and clinical data were collected using a standardized form and postoperative lung function changes 3 and 6 months after surgery were assessed using whole body plethysmography and diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO). Size and distance of metastases to the pleural surface were measured radiologically.

Results: A median of two metastases were resected per operation (range 1–13). The median duration of postoperative air leak was 1 day (range 0–11). LAS associated postoperative minor and major complications were observed in 4 (5%) cases and 1 (1%) case, respectively; there were no mortalities. The analysis of perioperative lung function showed that mean VC 3 months after surgery was reduced by 11 %, FEV1 by 11% and median DLCO by 11% (all p < 0.0001). There was almost no recovery of lung function between 3 and 6 months in the whole cohort. Patients with two or less metastases showed a recovery of lung function after 3 months regarding DLCO (p = 0.003). Decline of DLCO in the whole cohort correlated with the number of resected metastases at 3 months (r = 0.45, p = 0.006) and at 6 months (r = 0.42, p = 0.02) as well as depth of metastases in the parenchyma at 6 months (r = 0.48, p = 0.001).

Conclusions: LAS is a safe and effective method for PM even for higher numbers of metastases, with short duration of postoperative air leak and little morbidity. Number and depth, but not size of metastases affect lung function changes after resection.
17-β Estradiol Rescued Immature Rat Brain against Glutamate-Induced Oxidative Stress and Neurodegeneration via Regulating Nrf2/HO-1 and MAP-Kinase Signaling Pathway
Authors: Khan Ibrahim , Saeed Kamran , Jo Min Gi , Kim Myeong Ok
Published: June 2021

Dysregulated glutamate signaling, leading to neuronal excitotoxicity and death, has been associated with neurodegenerative pathologies. 17β-estradiol (E2) is a human steroid hormone having a role in reproduction, sexual maturation, brain health and biological activities. The study aimed to explain the neuroprotective role of E2 against glutamate-induced ROS production, MAP kinase-dependent neuroinflammation, synaptic dysfunction and neurodegeneration in the cortex and hippocampus of postnatal day 7 rat brain. Biochemical and immunofluorescence analyses were applied. Our results showed that a single subcutaneous injection of glutamate (10 mg/kg) induced brain oxidative stress after 4 h by disturbing the homeostasis of glutathione (GSH) and revealed an upsurge in ROS and LPO levels and downregulated the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 antioxidant protein. The glutamate-exposed P7 pups illustrated increased phosphorylation of stress-activated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 kinase (p38) and downregulated expression of P-Erk1/2. This was accompanied by pathological neuroinflammation as revealed by enhanced gliosis with upregulated expression of GFAP and Iba-1, and the activation of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α) in glutamate-injected P7 pups. Moreover, exogenous glutamate also reduced the expression of synaptic markers (PSD-95, SYP) and induced apoptotic neurodegeneration in the cortical and hippocampal regions by dysregulating the expression of Bax, Bcl-2 and caspase-3 in the developing rat brain. On the contrary, co-treatment of E2 (10 mg/kg) with glutamate significantly abrogated brain neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration and synapse loss by alleviating brain oxidative stress by upregulating the Nrf2/HO-1 antioxidant pathway and by deactivating pro-apoptotic P-JNK/P-p38 and activation of pro-survival P-Erk1/2 MAP kinase pathways. In brief, the data demonstrate the neuroprotective role of E2 against glutamate excitotoxicity-induced neurodegeneration. The study also encourages future studies investigating if E2 may be a potent neuroprotective and neurotherapeutic agent in different neurodegenerative diseases.
Facile Method by Bentonite Treated with Heat and Acid to Enhance Pesticide Adsorption
Authors: Pluangklang Chutima , Rangsriwatananon Kunwadee
Published: June 2021

In this work, simple conditions were applied to modify bentonite for the removal of pesticides from aqueous solution. Bentonite was modified in a single step as BA0.5 (with HCl 0.5 M) and BC500 (calcined at 500 °C) and combined steps with different sequences (BA0.5C500 and BC500A0.5). These adsorbents were characterised by XRD, XRF, FT-IR, 27Al MAS NMR, BET, NH3-TPD, TGA, HPLC, particle size analysis and zeta potential. Single-component adsorption with atrazine, diuron, 2,4-D and paraquat was used in aqueous solution at various pesticide concentrations, contact times and pH levels. It was found that the sequence of the treatment significantly affected atrazine adsorption. BC500A0.5 exhibited the highest efficiency for atrazine adsorption in a broad pH range of 3.0–9.0. Its adsorption at pH 6.0 was about 12 times greater than that of other adsorbents with an initial atrazine concentration of 50 mg L−1, which indicates BC500A0.5 specifically for the adsorption of atrazine. In addition, for the simultaneous adsorption of all four pesticides, BC500A0.5 was found to remove the maximum total amount of the pesticides, indicating that it could be used as a good multifunctional adsorbent. All modified bentonites showed similar diuron adsorption better than that of unmodified bentonite. The greatest adsorption of 2,4-D prefers BA0.5C500, occurring at pH 2–4. In the case of paraquat adsorption, all adsorbents are good at absorbing paraquat, but bentonite had the highest rate of paraquat removal, whereas BA0.5C500 was found to have the lowest, and the adsorption increased with increasing pH. Furthermore, the adsorption process on the adsorbents fits well with the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetics models, as the thermodynamic parameters showed a spontaneous and endothermic process.
Indirect Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopic Determination of Acrylamide in Coffee Using Partial Least Squares (PLS) Regression
Authors: Rief Vera , Felske Christina , Scharinger Andreas , Krumbügel Katrin , Stegmüller Simone , Breitling-Utzmann Carmen M. , Richling Elke , Walch Stephan G. , Lachenmeier Dirk W.
Published: June 2021

Acrylamide is probably carcinogenic to humans (International Agency for Research on Cancer, group 2A) with major occurrence in heated, mainly carbohydrate-rich foods. For roasted coffee, a European Union benchmark level of 400 µg/kg acrylamide is of importance. Regularly, the acrylamide contents are controlled using liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). This reference method is reliable and precise but laborious because of the necessary sample clean-up procedure and instrument requirements. This research investigates the possibility of predicting the acrylamide content from proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra that are already recorded for other purposes of coffee control. In the NMR spectrum acrylamide is not directly quantifiable, so that the aim was to establish a correlation between the reference value and the corresponding NMR spectrum by means of a partial least squares (PLS) regression. Therefore, 40 commercially available coffee samples with already available LC–MS/MS data and NMR spectra were used as calibration data. To test the accuracy and robustness of the model and its limitations, 50 coffee samples with extreme roasting degrees and blends were additionally prepared as the test set. The PLS model shows an applicability for the varieties Coffea arabica and C. canephora, which were medium to very dark roasted using drum or infrared roasters. The root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) is 79 µg/kg acrylamide (n = 32). The current PLS model is judged as suitable to predict the acrylamide values of commercially available coffee samples.
Fibrin Glue Implants Seeded with Dental Pulp and Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells for the Repair of Periodontal Bone Defects: A Preclinical Study
Authors: Enukashvily Natella I. , Dombrovskaya Julia A. , Kotova Anastasia V. , Semenova Natalia , Karabak Irina , Banashkov Roman E. , Baram Dmitry , Paderina Tatiana , Bilyk Stanislav S. , Grimm Wolf-Dieter , Kovalenko Anton N. , Ivolgin Dmitry , Prikhodko Egor M. , Silin Alexey V.
Published: June 2021

A technology to create a cell-seeded fibrin-based implant matching the size and shape of bone defect is required to create an anatomical implant. The aim of the study was to develop a technology of cell-seeded fibrin gel implant creation that has the same shape and size as the bone defect at the site of implantation. Using computed tomography (CT) images, molds representing bone defects were created by 3D printing. The form was filled with fibrin glue and human dental pulp stem cells (DPSC). The viability, set of surface markers and osteogenic differentiation of DPSC grown in fibrin gel along with the clot retraction time were evaluated. In mice, an alveolar bone defect was created. The defect was filled with fibrin gel seeded with mouse DPSC. After 28 days, the bone repair was analyzed with cone beam CT and by histological examination. The proliferation rate, set of surface antigens and osteogenic potential of cells grown inside the scaffold and in 2D conditions did not differ. In mice, both cell-free and mouse DPSC-seeded implants increased the bone tissue volume and vascularization. In mice with cell-seeded gel implants, the bone remodeling process was more prominent than in animals with a cell-free implant. The technology of 3D-printed forms for molding implants can be used to prepare implants using components that are not suitable for 3D printing.
Endophytic Bacteria Bacillus subtilis, Isolated from Zea mays, as Potential Biocontrol Agent against Botrytis cinerea
Authors: Bolivar-Anillo Hernando José , González-Rodríguez Victoria E. , Cantoral Jesús M. , García-Sánchez Darío , Collado Isidro G. , Garrido Carlos
Published: June 2021

Plant diseases are one of the main factors responsible for food loss in the world, and 20–40% of such loss is caused by pathogenic infections. Botrytis cinerea is the most widely studied necrotrophic phytopathogenic fungus. It is responsible for incalculable economic losses due to the large number of host plants affected. Today, B. cinerea is controlled mainly by synthetic fungicides whose frequent application increases risk of resistance, thus making them unsustainable in terms of the environment and human health. In the search for new alternatives for the biocontrol of this pathogen, the use of endophytic microorganisms and their metabolites has gained momentum in recent years. In this work, we isolated endophytic bacteria from Zea mays cultivated in Colombia. Several strains of Bacillus subtilis, isolated and characterized in this work, exhibited growth inhibition against B. cinerea of more than 40% in in vitro cultures. These strains were characterized by studying several of their biochemical properties, such as production of lipopeptides, potassium solubilization, proteolytic and amylolytic capacity, production of siderophores, biofilm assays, and so on. We also analyzed: (i) its capacity to promote maize growth (Zea mays) in vivo, and (ii) its capacity to biocontrol B. cinerea during in vivo infection in plants (Phaseolus vulgaris).
HMGA1 Is a Potential Driver of Preeclampsia Pathogenesis by Interference with Extravillous Trophoblasts Invasion
Authors: Matsubara Keiichi , Matsubara Yuko , Uchikura Yuka , Takagi Katsuko , Yano Akiko , Sugiyama Takashi
Published: June 2021

Preeclampsia (PE) is a serious disease that can be fatal for the mother and fetus. The two-stage theory has been proposed as its cause, with the first stage comprising poor placentation associated with the failure of fertilized egg implantation. Successful implantation and placentation require maternal immunotolerance of the fertilized egg as a semi-allograft and appropriate extravillous trophoblast (EVT) invasion of the decidua and myometrium. The disturbance of EVT invasion during implantation in PE results in impaired spiral artery remodeling. PE is thought to be caused by hypoxia during remodeling failure–derived poor placentation, which results in chronic inflammation. High-mobility group protein A (HMGA) is involved in the growth and invasion of cancer cells and likely in the growth and invasion of trophoblasts. Its mechanism of action is associated with immunotolerance. Thus, HMGA is thought to play a pivotal role in successful pregnancy, and its dysfunction may be related to the pathogenesis of PE. The evaluation of HMGA function and its changes in PE might confirm that it is a reliable biomarker of PE and provide prospects for PE treatment through the induction of EVT proliferation and invasion during the implantation.