bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Influence of the Environment on Officer-Involved Shootings
Authors: Keller Tyler , Caplan Joel , Kennedy Leslie
Published: October 2022

Research on officer-involved shootings has covered many methods and designs, with a majority focusing on macro-level approaches to understanding the shooting event. Research designs which incorporate place are limited, but what does exist demonstrates the relevance of the micro-environment to contextualize the many factors which give rise to the shooting event. This research further explores the importance of the micro-environment by examining how crime generators and attractors, conceptualized as the built environment, can be utilized to understand where police officers are more likely to discharge their weapon. Data on police shootings in Philadelphia, PA which occurred between 2015 and 2019, along with data describing the environmental landscape of the city are used in conjunction with variables previously determined to be related to shooting events. This analysis uses a three-pronged approach to understanding the relevance of the micro-environment in officer-involved shootings. Results indicate that the most important predictor of police shootings are levels of violent crime. Violent crime rates, in turn, are significantly related to the built environment. The built environment, then, has an indirect relationship to the places where police are most likely to discharge their weapon which is mediated through the violent crime rate.
PIK3CA Mutational Analysis in Patients With Macrodactyly
Authors: Becker Jakob , Gross Ulrike Camenisch , Weber Daniel M , Weibel Lisa , Theiler Martin , Brandt Simone , Bode Peter K
Published: October 2022

Background

Somatic mosaicism for PIK3CA mutations causes various types of growth disorders, which have been summarized under the term PROS ( PIK3CA related overgrowth spectrum). Targeted therapy with PI3K inhibitors seems to be a promising alternative for severe PROS cases. Therefore, PIK3CA testing may become more relevant in the future.

Methods

We report on 14 PROS patients, who had surgery for macrodactyly in the majority of cases. Clinical data were retrieved from the patient’s records. Macroscopic and microscopic findings were retrospectively reviewed. Mutational analysis was performed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) material.

Results

Patient age ranged from 7 months to 35 years. Five patients showed additional anomalies. One patient had CLOVES syndrome. The majority of the specimens were ray resections characterized by hypertrophic fat tissue. Overall, microscopy was subtle. The abnormal adipose tissue showed lobules exhibiting at least focally fibrous septa. In each case, we could detect a PIK3CA mutation.

Conclusion

Histology of affected fat tissue in PROS patients is overall nonspecific. Therefore, mutational analysis represents the key to the diagnosis, especially in unclear clinical cases. We demonstrated that FFPE material is suitable for PIK3CA testing, which can be considered as basis for targeted therapy with PI3K inhibitors.
MicroRNA Content of Ewing Sarcoma Derived Extracellular Vesicles Leads to Biomarker Potential and Identification of a Previously Undocumented EWS-FLI1 Translocation
Authors: Crow Jennifer , Samuel Glenson , Farrow Emily , Gibson Margaret , Johnston Jefferey , Guest Erin , Miller Neil , Pei Dong , Koestler Devin , Pathak Harsh , Liang Xiaobo , Mangels Cooper , Godwin Andrew K
Published: October 2022

Objective: Ewing Sarcoma Family of Tumors (ESFT) are a highly aggressive pediatric bone and soft tissue malignancy with poor outcomes in the refractory and recurrent setting. Over 90% of Ewing Sarcoma (ES) tumors are driven by the pathognomonic EWS-ETS chimeric transcripts and their corresponding oncoproteins. It has been suggested that the EWS-ETS oncogenic action can mediate microRNA (miRNA) processing. Importantly, small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), including those frequently referred to as exosomes have been shown to be highly enriched with tumor-derived small RNAs such as miRNAs. We hypothesized that ESFT-specific sEVs are enriched with certain miRNAs which could be utilized toward an exo-miRNA biomarker signature specific to this disease. Methods: We performed miRNAseq to compare both the exo-derived and cell-derived miRNA content from 8 ESFT, 2 osteosarcoma, 2 non-cancerous cell lines, and pediatric plasma samples. Results: We found that sEVs derived from ESFT cells contained nearly 2-fold more number of unique individual miRNAs as compared to non-ESFT samples. Quantitative analysis of the differential enrichment of sEV miRNAs resulted in the identification of 62 sEV-miRNAs (exo-miRNAs) with significant ( P < .05) enrichment variation between ESFT and non-ESFT sEV samples. To determine if we could utilize this miRNA signature to diagnose ESFT patients via a liquid biopsy, we analyzed the RNA content of total circulating sEVs isolated from 500 µL plasma from 5 pediatric ESFT patients, 2 pediatric osteosarcoma patients, 2 pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma patients, and 4 non-cancer pediatric controls. Pearson’s clustering of 60 of the 62 candidate exo-miRNAs correctly identified 80% (4 of 5) of pathology confirmed ESFT patients. Importantly, RNAseq analysis of tumor tissue from the 1 outlier, revealed a previously uncharacterized EWS-FLI1 translocation.Conclusions: Taken together, these findings support the development and validation of an exo-miRNA-based liquid biopsy to aid in the diagnosis and monitoring of ESFT.
Kant’s domestic analogy: international and global order
Authors: Burles Regan
Published: October 2022

The domestic analogy is an old but persistent problem in theories of international politics. This paper examines the problem in the work of Immanuel Kant, whose political writings are often cited as a paradigmatic example of the analogy between individuals and states. Attention to Kant’s own conception of analogy, however, shows that the political writings are structured by another “domestic analogy”—between international and cosmopolitan right. This analogy, I argue, is based on a correspondence between the systematic unity of the international and the spherical globe, the figure that for Kant represents the boundaries of world order. International and cosmopolitan right are thus distinguished on the basis of a geopolitical criterion: the global scope of international order. This analogy of order, the paper argues, thus works to domesticate world politics through the structural form of international order. To the extent that contemporary theories of international relations rely on this conception of order, they accept Kant’s answer to the problem of perpetual peace. The paper concludes by drawing broader conclusions from the analysis about the domestic analogy, international order, and world politics.
When youth ecological commitment is hindered by identity issues: the case of commitment visibility on social networks
Authors: Lachance Jocelyn , Przygoda Mathias
Published: October 2022

Young ecologists find themselves torn between the desire to expose their commitment on social networks and the risks inherent in this exposure. Based on a qualitative methodology, we analyzed the visibility strategies developed by these young people to avoid confrontation with their peers, marginalization in certain groups or to protect their professional future. This involves, for example, removing the digital traces of one’s commitment or concealing one’s personal identity by using collectives accounts. In this context, one of the obstacles to the development of the ecological movement is not only a lack of commitment to the cause, nor even a lack of awareness of environmental issues but also the lack of ontological security needed for the commitment to be displayed.
Social media, migration and the platformization of moral panic: Evidence from Canada
Authors: Walsh James P , Hill Dallas
Published: October 2022

As a contentious issue affecting the character, boundaries and future of social order, migration represents a recurrent source of moral panic. While analysts have considered conventional outlets’ role in triggering collective alarm, less is known about social media’s effects on migration’s construction as a social problem. Working with an original dataset of tweets from the 2019 Canadian election, a period of heightened concern and outcry for significant portions of the electorate, this paper employs content analytic methods to assess migration’s online demonization and interrogate the patterns of framing, participation and engagement brought within the issue’s orbit. Alongside documenting significant disquiet and antipathy, its findings suggest that Twitter is transforming panic production and facilitating forms of reaction involving mass-participation and collaboration; interference from automated ‘bots’ and considerable dispute, dissent and negotiation. Based on these results, the sensitizing concept of platformed panics is proposed to capture how social media’s technical affordances, design and appropriation align to promote moral panics that are networked, algorithmic and contested.
Players’ perceptions of sexuality and gender-inclusive video games a pragmatic content analysis of steam reviews
Authors: Kohlburn Joseph , Cho Hyerim , Moore Hollis
Published: October 2022

Video games reflect the current culture and society. Games stand as points of transmission that reflect cultural trends and social norms, although not comprehensively. While it seems that more games have tried to be inclusive of diverse gender and sexual identities recently, there is still a lack of studies that discuss how real video game players see LGBTQ+ inclusive games. To understand the game players’ perceptions in this regard, this study qualitatively analyzes online video game review postings from Steam, focusing on user reviews of gender and sexuality inclusive games. Based on four gender and sexuality inclusive video games selected, we collected 400 user-generated video game reviews as our dataset. Our findings identified 22 primary themes, including Mood/Emotions, Social/Cultural Importance and Representation. This paper further discusses some of the critical topics discovered, such as identity, conflicts in game communities and representation.
How perceptions of masculinity and intimate sexual relationships shape men’s experiences of paying for sex: A qualitative exploration
Authors: Tal-Hadar Rachel , Prior Ayelet , Peled Einat
Published: October 2022

This qualitative study explores how perceptions of masculinity, sexual intimate relationships and sex-for-pay (SFP) shape the experiences of men who pay women for sex (MPWS). Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 Israeli MPWS. Participants were recruited through an STD community clinic, an anonymous online survey, ads posted in online forums for MPWS, and an organization for the abolition of prostitution. The findings offer a complex understanding of the experiences of MPWS, based on the intersections between their views of sexuality within long-term intimate relationships, and their perceptions of the acceptability of SFP within dominant discourses of masculinity. The findings comprise four experiential patterns of the multi-layered practice of paying for sex: Agonizing, Ambivalent, Intermittent and Simultaneous.
Structural priming and cross-linguistic influence in L2 comprehension of Dutch relative clauses and PP-attachments: Differences between German and English learners of Dutch
Authors: Bosma Evelyn , Ayçiçek Seda , Mikawa Momo , Muller Melissa , Visser Ella , Kootstra Gerrit Jan
Published: October 2022

Aims and Objectives/Purpose/Research Questions:

This study investigated cross-linguistic influence and structural priming in L2 learners’ comprehension of Dutch relative clauses (RCs) and PP-attachments. While PP-attachments are structurally ambiguous in all three languages, RCs are structurally ambiguous in Dutch and German, but not in English.

Design/Methodology/Approach:

L1 speakers of German ( n = 18) and English ( n = 19) completed a structural priming task in their L2 Dutch with a pre-test, a priming phase, an immediate post-test, and a delayed post-test 1 day later.

Data and Analysis:

The data were analysed using t tests and repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). In the pre-test, L1 speakers of German showed a clear parsing preference for subject RCs and a slight preference for VP-attachment, whereas L1 speakers of English showed a clear parsing preference for object RCs and a slight preference for NP-attachment. The English L1 speakers were sensitive to structural priming, but only when primed with subject RCs and VP-attachments. This priming was still visible 1 day later. The German L1 speakers were not sensitive to the priming manipulation.

Findings/Conclusion:

The pre-test showed that L1 parsing preferences influence L2 processing; the structural priming effects in the English L1 speakers showed an inverse frequency effect that is based on experiences from both L1 and L2; the delayed post-test showed that structural priming can be seen as a form of implicit learning.

Originality:

This is the first structural priming study that compared two groups of L2 speakers on two different structures.

Significance/Implications:

Structural priming can be seen as a form of implicit learning in which experienced frequencies from both L1 and L2 give rise to a developing shared syntax.
Danger, comfort, and silence at the home front: Mediating soldiers’ wives
Authors: Thumim Nancy , Parry Katy
Published: October 2022

This article explores how the experiences of soldiers’ wives are mediated in the context of militarised popular culture and following two ultimately unpopular wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. We show how audiences, representation (in two senses) and gender matter in a qualitative research project with soldiers, soldiers’ wives and veterans, which explores their perceptions of contemporary media representations of British soldiering, and their social media use. In the summer of 2014, we interviewed 31 participants in 5 focus groups for a British Academy funded project. Participants were veterans, veteran support groups, family members (all ‘wives’) and those directly involved with the promotion of the armed forces in various media (the Joint Information Activities Group, Media Operations Team). The focus groups explored media representations of contemporary soldiering across a range of media and genres (TV documentaries, reality TV, drama, newspapers) but also social media use – practices of self-representation. In this article, we focus on interview data from the wives’ groups (as they identify themselves) and find four emergent and overlapping themes: ridicule, comfort, danger and silence. We argue that the mediation of soldier’s wives is an area of pronounced contradiction: one that is important in and of itself for what it tells us about the experience of that group of women and equally important for what it tells us about representation, practice and gender and the ways in which these are entwined in digital culture.
Circuits of sympathy: Posthuman child, vibrant forces, things and places
Authors: Quinones Gloria , Duhn Iris
Published: October 2022

New materialism has the potential to deepen critical engagement between vibrant things, everyday places and intra-actions between humans and non-humans in early childhood education. This article explores Australian pre-service teachers’ understandings of children and childhood when encountering the vibrant forces of things and places. The authors explore Jane Bennett's ‘circuits of sympathy’ to analyse the atmospheric forces encountered in pre-service teachers’ engagement with new materialism in their final year of study. Their research is guided by the following question: What happens when pre-service teachers conceptualise the posthuman child, things and places as related through circuits of sympathy? The authors suggest that sympathy, considered as a transformative agentic force, can generate connectivity across ideas, matter and practices, and adds depth and new perspectives to understandings of the posthuman child, with the result that new figurations of childhood emerge in this investigation. They conclude by discussing the implications of their study for posthuman research and how circuits of sympathy bring new atmospheric forces to childhood. The posthuman child, embedded in circuits of sympathy, is neither individualised nor collectivised but immersed in, and produced by, the circuit and its flows and disruptions. The modes and qualities of sympathy in the circuit shape what happens next: encounters that are sympathetically charged, are set to create new circuits of sympathy in their next encounters.
Public interest in Invisalign in developed and developing countries: A Google Trends analysis
Authors: Livas Christos , Delli Konstantina , Lee Shin-Jae , Pandis Nikolaos
Published: October 2022

Objective:

To investigate long-term changes and possible seasonal variations in Google search volumes related to Invisalign in developed and developing countries.

Design:

Cross-sectional, Google search-based study.

Methods:

Google Trends (GT) was accessed to retrieve the Relative Search Volume (RSV) of Google queries related to the search term ‘Invisalign’ in 10 countries selected on the basis of population size, Internet usage and socioeconomic criteria between 1 January 2004 and 30 June 2021. The countries examined were the following: Australia, Brazil, Italy, Mexico, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Spain, Thailand, UK and USA. By applying the time series decomposition method, the trend component and the seasonal variation were identified.

Results:

Overall, RSVs regarding Invisalign have increased significantly in all countries with the developed countries outperforming developing countries throughout most of the observation period. There was no meaningful pattern when the trends were compared either on a monthly or quarterly basis. Similar peaks and valleys were found in Australia - Brazil, UK - USA, Italy - Spain and Saudi Arabia - Philippines - Thailand.

Conclusions:

Public interest in online information for Invisalign has grown significantly over the years across countries of diverse socioeconomic and cultural backgrounds while seasonal patterns were observed in the related Google searches. Seasonal fluctuations seemed to follow the academic calendar. The study results may have direct implications on practice management and professional development.
Experimental study of the methane and producer gas blends in an optical spark ignition engine: Combustion characteristics, thermodynamics and emissions
Authors: Solferini de Carvalho Felipe , Peñaranda Mendoza Alexander , Ribeiro dos Santos Leila , Henrique Rufino Caio , Malheiro de Oliveira Enrico , Ferreira Silva Maycon , Blanco Machin Einara , Travieso Pedroso Daniel , Teixeira Lacava Pedro
Published: October 2022

Thermal processes and power generation systems may employ producer gas generated through gasification as an alternative to replace natural gas with lower carbon footprint. However, pure producer gas in engines is associated with a significant power derating that can be mitigated by blending it with other biofuels. This work evaluated the effects of methane and producer gas blends on the performance of a SI engine. The additions of methane were 10%, 25% and 50% on a molar basis. The results demonstrated that adding 25% methane to producer gas is enough to sustain the combustion reaction with good stability and a power derating of 10.8%. The addition of 50% methane to producer gas attains efficiency and combustion characteristics remarkably similar to pure natural gas with a power de-rating of 5.4%. Emissions indicated that carbon monoxide (CO) has decreased with the addition of methane to producer gas from 85 to 3.43 g/kWh, while nitrogen oxides ([Formula: see text]) emissions have increased from 0 to 8.85 g/kWh. In the case of unburned hydrocarbons (UHC), emissions did not considerably change before adding 25% methane to producer gas and stayed constant at approximately 10 g/kWh. Engines designed to run on natural-gas could use this mixture without significant modifications to the combustion chamber while decreasing NOx emissions.
Research on real-time cloth edge extraction method based on ENet semantic segmentation
Authors: Gao Xiaofei , Lizhe Qi , Chuangjia Ma , Sun Yunquan
Published: October 2022

A vision-based sewing trajectory extraction method aims at the difficulty of adaptive generation of sewing trajectory in garment automatic processing. Firstly, the ENet model is improved and the I-ENet semantic segmentation algorithm is proposed; Then, based on the semantic segmentation results, a dynamic edge extraction method based on the GaussMod fitting method is proposed. Based on segmented images, curve fitting, median filtering, and edge-preserving filtering are used. Finally, the Canny operator is used to find the sewing edge trajectory curve. At last, the sewing trajectory curve of the robot is generated. Through experimental verification, the MIoU and PA of the semantic segmentation algorithm I-ENet proposed in this paper reach 95.06% and 97.80% respectively. Compared with the MIoU of the original model of ENet, the MIoU is improved by 2.78%, the pixel accuracy is improved by 1.18%, and the frame rate is 30 FPS. It can realize cloth segmentation and extraction in an unstructured environment. The maximum error between the sewing edge trajectory and the actual edge is 1.35 mm, the mean error is 0.61 mm, and the mean value of dynamic variance is 0.57 mm. This method meets the practical application requirements.
Embracing Medication Needs of Patients based on Ethical, Dietary, and Religious Preferences
Authors: Tieu Lena , Uchi Jasmine , Patel Nirva , Meghani Mihir , Patel Padmaja , Nguyen Yen
Published: October 2022

Purpose: Many patients seek medications without animal-derived ingredients for a multitude of reasons. The purpose of this comprehensive qualitative review is to assess current literature on the topic of animal-free medications and identify the roles that key stakeholders can play in addressing the needs of these patients. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted on PubMed and Google Scholar from inception to June 2022 to identify key articles surrounding the topic of animal-free ingredients and medications. Results: The need for animal-free medications impacts not just vegans and vegetarians, but also those with dietary restrictions due to other beliefs. Three key stakeholder initiatives can address the needs of these patients: 1) Healthcare professionals (HCPs) should strive to select appropriate medications considering their patients’ religious and/or cultural background; 2) patients must be involved and notify their providers about their dietary requirements; 3) pharmaceutical industry and manufacturers need to consider animal-free product formulations and provide clear labeling. Conclusion: There is a rising interest in animal-free medications and several organizations and advocacy groups have raised concerns for easier access to these medications. However, more regulatory guidance or oversight is needed. For the nearly 25% animal-free medications available in the market, independent certification marks would facilitate informed consumer decision-making.
Leadership for inclusive online learning in public primary schools during COVID-19: A multiple case study in Hong Kong
Authors: Lee Trevor Tsz-lok
Published: October 2022

Despite the increasing number of studies on educational leadership during COVID-19, little attention has been paid to the intersections of different educational experiences and perspectives of school leaders, students, and their families that occur both inside and outside of schools. Drawing on eight case studies of public primary schools in Hong Kong, this article explores the challenges and strategies of online learning with a focus on effective leadership practices for supporting economically disadvantaged students during COVID-19. To incorporate the perspectives of multiple stakeholders, a series of questionnaires were distributed to principals (n = 8), teachers (n = 150), parents (n = 775), lower primary students (n = 855), and upper primary students (n = 850) and interviews were conducted with principals (n = 8), teachers (n = 37), parents (n = 32), and students (n = 62). Findings indicated that school leaders and teacher teams demonstrated strategic leadership practices prioritising and responding to the needs and constraints of economically disadvantaged students and their families. The present study draws attention to leadership encouraging collaboration among schools, families, and the wider community, which has become necessary during the shift to online learning during COVID-19.
Facilitators and impediments in inclusive education for students with intellectual developmental disability: Perceptions of school staff and parents in Israel
Authors: Heiman Tali , Avissar Gilada
Published: October 2022

Students with intellectual developmental disability (IDD) may have impairments in conceptual, social, and daily life areas that will require support when these students are included in mainstream settings. In order to examine the facilitators and impediments involved in inclusion of students with IDD in regular schools in Israel, we interviewed six parents of students with IDD who were enrolled in inclusive classes, five teachers of inclusive classes, one teaching assistant and two school principals. Analysis of the interview transcripts revealed the perceptions regarding the included students, by their parents and the school staff. The school staff perceived family involvement and the connection between them and the parents as the most important. Parents perceived the possibility of studying in an inclusive class as an opportunity for social integration and scholastic advancement. All the participants indicated the social aspect as crucial to the inclusion of students with IDD.
Overcoming barriers to informed consent in neurological research: Perspectives from a national survey
Authors: Sankary Lauren R , Zelinsky Megan E , Ford Paul J , Blackstone Eric C , Fox Robert J
Published: October 2022

The ethical recruitment of participants with neurological disorders in clinical research requires obtaining initial and ongoing informed consent. The purpose of this study is to characterize barriers faced by research personnel in obtaining informed consent from research participants with neurological disorders and to identify strategies applied by researchers to overcome those barriers. This study was designed as a web-based survey of US researchers with an optional follow-up interview. A subset of participants who completed the survey were selected using a stratified purposeful sampling strategy and invited to participate in an in-depth qualitative interview by phone or video conference. Data were analyzed using a mixed methods approach, including content analysis of survey responses and thematic analysis of interview responses. Over 1 year, 113 survey responses were received from US research personnel directly involved in obtaining informed consent from participants in neurological research. Frequently identified barriers to informed consent included: cognitive and communication impairments (e.g. aphasia), unrealistic expectations of research participants, mistrust of medical research, time constraints, literacy barriers, lack of available social support, and practical or resource-related constraints. Strategies to enhance informed consent included: involving close others to support participant understanding of study-related information, collaborating with more experienced research personnel to facilitate training in obtaining informed consent, encouraging participants to review consent forms in advance of consent discussions, and using printed materials and visual references. Beyond conveying study-related information, researchers included in this study endorsed ethical responsibilities to support deliberation necessary to informed consent in the context of misconceptions about research, unrealistic expectations, limited understanding, mistrust, and/or pressure from close others. Findings highlight the importance of training researchers involved in obtaining informed consent in neurological research to address disease-specific challenges and to support the decision-making processes of potential research participants and their close others.
Global prevalence estimates of poststroke fatigue: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhan Jie , Zhang Peiming , Wen Hao , Wang Yiqiao , Yan Xiaoting , Zhan Lechang , Chen Hongxia , Xu Nenggui , Lu Liming
Published: October 2022

Background and purpose:

Poststroke fatigue (PSF) is a common complication after stroke. However, information on the global prevalence of PSF and how this varies geographically and by population is lacking. Our aim was to examine the global prevalence of PSF and identify sources of heterogeneity in the published literature.

Methods:

Four medical databases (PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) were searched from their inception to 28 February 2022. The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Instrument for studies reporting prevalence data (JBI) was used to assess the risk of bias (ROB) of the included studies. The primary outcome was the prevalence of PSF determined using a random-effects model. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression models were used to define the source of heterogeneity.

Results:

In all, 66 studies with 11,697 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The overall quality of the included studies was medium. The global pooled prevalence of PSF in stroke survivors was 46.79% (95% confidence interval (CI), 43.41–50.18%). The prevalence estimates of PSF based on the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory-20 (MFI-20), and Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS) were 47.44% (95% CI, 43.20–51.67%), 51.69% (95% CI, 44.54–58.83%), and 36.13% (95% CI, 23.07–49.18%), respectively. Prevalence rates of PSF were higher in females (53.19%; 95% CI, 46.46–59.92%), in hemorrhagic stroke (57.54%; 95% CI, 40.55–74.53%), in those with a college degree or higher (53.18%; 95% CI, 42.82–63.54%), and in those with unmarried or divorced status (59.78%; 95% CI, 44.72–74.83%).

Conclusions:

The prevalence of PSF in stroke survivors is high, affecting almost half of all stroke sufferers. PSF rates were higher with female gender, being unmarried or divorced, having a higher educational level, and being hemorrhagic compared to ischemic stroke.

Trial registration:

PROSPERO (CRD42021269441).
A tangata whenua (people of the land) approach to conceptualising Māori health and wellbeing
Authors: Reweti Angelique , Ware Felicity , Moriarty Hoani
Published: October 2022

From a Māori (Indigenous to New Zealand) perspective, health is not confined to the treatment of illness but also includes the philosophical concepts, structures and cultural practices which reinforce health and wellbeing. The ill-health of Māori is often the focus of health initiatives, particularly if there is an equity approach that centres on disparities between ethnic groups. However, an Indigenous approach prioritises health and wellbeing aspirations through strengthening self-determination, identity and connection with the environment. This article synthesises knowledge from Indigenous and Māori rights, mātauranga (Māori ways of knowing) expressed in pūrākau (epistemological narratives), tikanga (Māori principles), te reo (Māori language) and lived experience to reflect a shared understanding of Māori health and wellbeing. Consideration is given to the status of Māori pre-colonisation, the ongoing impacts of colonisation, and Māori led responses to contemporary health issues. It is proposed that health for Māori, like many Indigenous peoples, should be informed by an enhanced understanding of Indigenous rights, an Indigenous worldview and notions of wellbeing. We argue that a tangata whenua (people of the land) approach is integral to the effectiveness of health policies and initiatives aimed at improving Māori outcomes sustainably. We propose that the current reorganisation of Aotearoa New Zealand’s health system, as well as the COVID-19 pandemic response, provide opportunities to emphasise and embed Māori health leadership and knowledge, as well as a tangata whenua conceptualisation of health and wellbeing.
Delphi panel for consensus on the optimal management of dabrafenib plus trametinib-related pyrexia in patients with melanoma
Authors: Frazer Ricky , Gupta Avinash , Herbert Christopher , Payne Miranda , Diaz-Mendoza Sergio , Vincent Sally-Anne , Kovaleva Elena
Published: October 2022

Purpose:

Dabrafenib and trametinib combination therapy (dab + tram) is indicated to treat BRAF V600 mutation–positive unresectable/metastatic melanoma and as adjuvant treatment for resected stage III disease. Dab + tram–related pyrexia may require early therapy discontinuation. A modified Delphi panel was conducted to develop consensus on the optimal management of dab + tram–related pyrexia in patients with melanoma.

Methods:

In all, 10 UK oncologists experienced in melanoma management participated in a three-round modified Delphi study (Round 1: one-to-one interview; Rounds 2 and 3: email survey). In each round, participants rated the extent of their agreement with statements about defining and managing dab + tram–related pyrexia. Consensus was defined as >80% agreement for critical management (CM) and >60% for non-critical management (NCM) statements.

Results:

All 10 participants completed Round 1; 9 completed Rounds 2 and 3. Consensus was reached on 42/66 statements (20 CM and 22 NCM). Drug-related pyrexia was agreed as being strictly an elevation of body temperature, although other symptoms may be present (89% agreement). Panelists agreed on the need for simple and generic guidance on dab + tram–related pyrexia management that does not differentiate between patient groups (100%), and that management of first and second dab + tram–related pyrexia episodes should be the same regardless of treatment intent (100%). Regarding CM, participants agreed that both dab and tram should be interrupted for pyrexia (100%) without considering the use of steroids (89%); patients on dab + tram presenting to non-oncology services with pyrexia should be directed to an oncology-specific service as soon as possible and assessed for infection (100%). NCM statements on steroid use following dab + tram interruption and when to restart dab + tram did not reach consensus.

Conclusions:

These consensus statements provide a framework on optimal management of dab + tram–related pyrexia in patients with melanoma which should inform future guidelines.
Systematic Review of Surgical Interventions for Inferior Turbinate Hypertrophy
Authors: Zhang Kathy , Pipaliya Royal M. , Miglani Amar , Nguyen Shaun A. , Schlosser Rodney J.
Published: October 2022

Background

Various surgical interventions exist for treatment of inferior turbinate hypertrophy (ITH). Though mucosal-sparing techniques are generally preferred, there is lack of consensus on the optimal technique.

Objective

This systematic review sought to evaluate the evidence for treatment of bilateral nasal obstruction via inferior turbinate reduction (ITR) and provide a meta-analysis of expected results of various techniques.

Methods

PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library databases were queried to include articles describing surgical treatment for ITH. Exclusion criteria were concurrent nasal procedures or non-mucosal ITH. Primary outcomes included visual analog scale for nasal obstruction, nasal cavity volume by acoustic rhinometry, and resistance by anterior rhinomanometry. Subgroup analyses assessed outcomes by rhinitis diagnosis and length of follow-up, and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) was compared to microdebrider-assisted turbinoplasty (MAIT).

Results

A total of 1870 studies were identified with 62 meeting inclusion criteria. Reported techniques included turbinectomy, submucosal resection, RFA, MAIT, laser, or electrocautery. All techniques demonstrated significant improvements in nasal obstruction using the visual analog scale. Further comprehensive physiologic data for RFA, MAIT, and laser was available and, compared to baseline, these techniques resulted in significant improvements in nasal resistance, nasal cavity volume, and nasal airflow. Six studies directly compared RFA and MAIT with statistically similar results on VAS, nasal cavity volume, and resistance with median follow-up time of 3.5 months. Assessment of VAS congestion over time reveals peak benefit is achieved between 3–6 months follow-up.

Conclusions

All reviewed ITR techniques improve patient-reported nasal obstruction. RFA and MAIT provide comparable improvements in patient-reported and physiologic nasal airflow outcomes and while benefits are sustained long-term, the peak benefit for both techniques appears to be achieved within the first year.
The Maximizing Penalty: Maximizers are Perceived as Less Warm and Receive Less Social Support
Authors: Chen Yuqi , Yang Yuhan , Lu Jingyi
Published: October 2022

Economically, maximizing, the tendency to seek the best, is good because it entails possibilities to optimize decision outcomes. However, research has shown that maximizing is costly in that maximizers are more regretful and less satisfied with their decisions. Beyond these intrapersonal downsides, this research investigates another important but largely ignored downside—the interpersonal costs of being a maximizer—and documents a maximizing penalty in social cognition wherein maximizers (vs. satisficers) are viewed as less warm and consequently receive less social support. Four studies provide evidence for the maximizing penalty. This research contributes to the literature on maximizing by revealing the social cost of being a maximizer and the literature on choice perception by showing that decision makers are perceived by their aspiration.
For a spatial politics of dignity
Authors: Safransky Sara
Published: October 2022

This commentary responds to Grossmann and Trubina, ‘Dignity in Urban Geography: Starting a Conversation’. I discuss the contributions of their article and reflect on the stakes of their relational and affective conceptualization of dignity as an orienting framework for urban geography. I also consider what critical geographical theory has to offer to a dialogue about the spatial politics of dignity.
Virtual and augmented reality applications to improve older adults’ quality of life: A systematic mapping review and future directions
Authors: Baragash Reem Sulaiman , Aldowah Hanan , Ghazal Samar
Published: October 2022

Objective

The use of virtual reality and augmented reality to improve older adults’ quality of life has rapidly increased in recent years. This systematic mapping review aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of existing research that identifies and classifies current virtual reality and augmented reality applications that enhance the quality of life of older adults to increase the understanding of the impact of these technologies.

Methods

To reach this objective, a systematic mapping review was conducted of the studies published between 2009 and 2020 in major scientific databases, such as IEEE Xplore, Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed. A total of 57 studies were analyzed and classified into four main quality of life domains: physical, cognitive, psychological, and social well-being.

Results

The findings showed that virtual reality and augmented reality have found their places in many quality of life studies of older adults. Although virtual reality and augmented reality applications are notably growing in the physical and cognitive well-being domains in training and rehabilitation settings, they are still in the early stages of development in psychological and social well-being research as well as healthcare settings. Our findings also revealed that virtual reality games, particularly motion-based exergames, and 3D augmented reality systems are the most common virtual reality and augmented reality types among the reviewed studies. Moreover, balance and attention were the most prevalent physical and cognitive functions when using motion-based and immersive virtual reality exergames and augmented reality systems and games, respectively, while confidence and interaction were the most dominant psychological and social functions.

Conclusion

This mapping review provides a comprehensive overview of potential areas for further research in this field, thereby assisting researchers, technologists, and health practitioners in expanding this field of research.
Small-Group Investigation of the True Goals Curriculum with High School Students: A Randomized Control Study
Authors: Martin Ian , Cunningham Patrick D. , Zyromski Brett , Nuñez Miriam , Romero Sandra Denise , Choi Jihyeon
Published: October 2022

This is the second in a series of two studies examining the impact of the True Goals (TG) school counseling curriculum on important constructs related to school success for students in elementary, middle, and high school. In this study, TG was implemented as a small-group intervention with 47 students in grades 9–12 across two schools and two school districts in the Southwest region of the United States. We used a waitlist control design with randomized assignment to intervention and control groups to assess the impact of the TG small-group intervention on students’ (a) academic self-efficacy and (b) social self-efficacy. Results showed a significant difference between the intervention and control groups on post-intervention scores regarding social self-efficacy, with moderate effect size. We offer implications for high school counselors' use of the TG curriculum to increase social self-efficacy of students. Please refer to the first study for information on the impact of TG within a sample of elementary and middle school students.
Nonprofits’ Marketing Challenges and Opportunities After the COVID-19 Era
Authors: Kumar Pranav , Abdalla Shahira , Seshadri Usha , Vij Mohit
Published: October 2022

We aim to highlight the challenges for nonprofits marketing considering the economic slowdown and service failure due the COVID-19 pandemic. This conceptual study addresses how the lack of understanding of digital technologies among nonprofit organizations (NPOs) has further aggravated the situation, raising concerns about their survival. At the same time, the crisis always provides an opportunity to innovate, and the same is debated in this article. The NPOs that have shown reluctance towards digital technologies upgraded themselves to utilize such technologies for their survival. Further, they have the opportunity to rework their organizational model to attract funds for restoring their operations in the post-pandemic era. But the NPOs have a complex environment as they have two different sets of market segments to cater to—donors and clients. The significance of the article is that it provides marketing strategies for NPOs to advertise their past work to attract donors or funders, thereby ensuring financial viability along with social commitments towards society.
Risk Factors of Renal Tubular Dysfunction in Thai People Living with HIV Receiving Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate
Authors: Phuphuakrat Angsana , Pasomsub Ekawat , Chantratita Wasun , Mahasirimongkol Surakameth , Disthabanchong Sinee , Sungkanuparph Somnuek , Kiertiburanakul Sasisopin
Published: October 2022

Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) associates with renal tubular dysfunction (RTD) in some people living with HIV (PLWH). We studied clinical and genetic factors associated with RTD in Thai PLWH receiving TDF. RTD was diagnosed in 13 of 65 (20%) patients. The median (interquartile range) age and CD4 cell counts were 43.8 (40.4-50.9) years and 554 (437-716) cells/mm3, respectively. The median duration of TDF use was 46.9 (31.5-54.1) months. Univariate logistic regression demonstrated body mass index (BMI), concomitant use of protease inhibitor (PI), hyperlipidemia, and homozygous C/C SNP rs1059751 of ABCC4 gene as predisposing factors of RTD. In multivariate model, concomitant use of PI [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 11.39; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.59- 81.56; P = 0.015], hyperlipidemia (aOR 8.59; 95% CI, 1.46-50.40; P = 0.017), and BMI (aOR 0.76; 95% CI, 0.59-0.98; P = 0.037) remained associated with RTD in patients receiving TDF. PLWH receiving TDF with the presence of these factors should be closely monitored for RTD.
Movement Variability and Loading Characteristics in Athletes With Athletic Groin Pain: Changes After Successful Return to Play and Compared With Uninjured Athletes
Authors: Baida Samuel , King Enda , Gore Shane , Richter Chris , Franklyn-Miller Andrew , Moran Kieran
Published: October 2022

Background:

Athletic groin pain (AGP) can lead to altered movement patterns during rapid deceleration and acceleration. However, the effect of AGP on movement variability and loading patterns during such actions remains less clear.

Purpose:

To investigate, using a continuous lateral hurdle hop task, how movement variability and magnitude measures of 3-dimensional (3D) kinematic, kinetic, and vertical ground-reaction force (vGRF) variables are (1) affected by AGP (AGP vs uninjured controls [CON]) and (2) changed after successful rehabilitation (AGP prerehabilitation vs AGP postrehabilitation vs CON).

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

A total of 36 athletes diagnosed with AGP and 36 uninjured CON athletes matched on age (18-35 years), level (subelite), and type of sports played (multidirectional field sport) performed a continuous lateral hurdle hop test that involved 10 side-to-side hops over a 15-cm hurdle. The 3D joint kinematic, kinetic, and vGRF variables (total, eccentric, and concentric; ground contact time, peak force, and impulse; and eccentric rate of force development) were examined. The AGP and CON groups were tested at baseline, and the AGP group was retested after participants successfully completed a standardized, exercise-based rehabilitation program targeting intersegmental control.

Results:

There were no differences in baseline characteristics between the AGP (mean ± SD: age, 27.5 ± 4.8 years; height, 179.8 ± 6.3 cm; mass, 80.3 ± 7.1 kg) and CON (mean ± SD: age, 24.1 ± 4.5 years; height, 181.0 ± 5.8 cm; mass, 80.4 ± 8.2 kg) groups. At baseline, athletes with AGP demonstrated altered loading patterns in the vGRF (longer ground contact times, reduced peak force, and reduced rate of force development) compared with CON athletes, while no significant difference in any movement variability variables was evident. After rehabilitation, the athletes with AGP demonstrated significant changes in transverse and coronal plane hip and trunk kinematics, with no significant differences in vGRF variables compared with the CON group.

Conclusion:

The differences in baseline vGRF measures between the AGP and CON groups were no longer evident after athletes with AGP underwent rehabilitation. No differences in movement variability were evident between the AGP and CON groups, either before or after rehabilitation.

Clinical Relevance:

Rehabilitation programs should consider targeting intersegmental hip and trunk movement patterns to positively influence loading patterns in athletes with AGP.