bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detection of microplastics in human colectomy specimens
Authors: Ibrahim Yusof Shuaib , Tuan Anuar Sabiqah , Azmi Alyza A , Wan Mohd Khalik Wan Mohd Afiq , Lehata Shumpei , Hamzah Siti Rabaah , Ismail Dzulkiflee , Ma Zheng Feei , Dzulkarnaen Andee , Zakaria Zaidi , Mustaffa Nazri , Tuan Sharif Sharifah Emilia , Lee Yeong Yeh
Published: November 2020

Background and Aim

While dietary exposure to microplastics is increasingly recognized, it is unknown if ingested plastics remain within the digestive tract. We aimed to examine human colectomy specimens for microplastics and to report the characteristics as well as polymer composition of the particles.

Methods

Colectomy samples were obtained from 11 adults (mean age 45.7, six males) who were residents of Northeastern Peninsular Malaysia. Microplastics were identified following chemical digestion of specimens and subsequent filtration. The samples were then examined for characteristics (abundance, length, shape, and color) and composition of three common polymer types using stereo‐ and Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR) microscopes.

Results

Microplastics were detected in all 11 specimens with an average of 331 particles/individual specimen or 28.1 ± 15.4 particles/g tissue. Filaments or fibers accounted for 96.1% of particles, and 73.1% of all filaments were transparent. Out of 40 random filaments from 10 specimens (one had indeterminate spectra patterns), 90% were polycarbonate, 50% were polyamide, and 40% were polypropylene.

Conclusion

Our study suggests that microplastics are ubiquitously present in the human colon.
Trends in acute viral gastroenteritis among children aged ≤5 years through the national surveillance system in South Korea, 2013–2019
Authors: Cho Seung‐Rye , Chae Su‐Jin , Jung Sunyoung , Choi Wooyoung , Han Myung‐Guk , Yoo Cheon‐Kwon , Lee Deog‐Yong
Published: November 2020

Acute gastroenteritis is a global public health concern. This study aimed to analyze the trend and characteristics of acute viral gastroenteritis through a national surveillance network. Enteric viruses were detected in 9510 of 31,750 (30.1%) cases assessed from 2013 to 2019 by EnterNet. The most prevalent pathogens were norovirus (15.2%) and group A rotavirus (9.7%); most infections were reported in 2017 (34.0%). Norovirus and rotavirus coinfections were the most common. Norovirus infections were prevalent among 1‐year‐old children (1835 out of 9510 cases) during winter, and group A rotavirus infections were common during spring. Seasonality was not observed among enteric adenovirus, astrovirus, and sapovirus. The prevalent viral genotypes detected included norovirus GII.4, enteric adenovirus F41, astrovirus genotype 1, and sapovirus GI.1. However, changes in enteric virus trends were noted during the study period. Norovirus prevalence extended into spring, and new genotypes of enteric adenovirus, astrovirus, and sapovirus were identified. These surveillance data elucidate enteric virus epidemiological characteristics.
Reassessment of practical usage and accumulation of real‐world data of wearable cardioverter defibrillator (WCD) in Japan—Design paper for J‐WCDR study
Authors: Niwano Shinichi , Abe Haruhiko , Takagi Masahiko , Sekiguchi Yukio , Iwasaki Yu‐Ki , Kato Ritsushi , Kondo Yusuke , Kurita Takashi , Nitta Takashi , Nogami Akihiko ,   J‐WCDR investigators
Published: November 2020

Although implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) are a powerful preventive therapy for cardiac sudden death, there are some populations in whom ICDs cannot be applied because of a lack of a definitive indication (grey‐zone patients), such as in patients during the acute phase of cardiac injury with a susceptible risk for lethal arrhythmias. In such patients, wearable cardioverter defibrillators (WCDs) provide safer bridging period during the acute phase until the final decision‐making for the ICD use and it may eliminate any inappropriate overuse of ICDs in the subacute phase. The JCS/JHRS practical guidelines provide the criteria for WCD use in Japan. Nevertheless, the evidence for that is totally limited in Japan and is dependent on the accumulation of actual real‐world data from other countries in order to be able to discuss the appropriate criteria for WCD use. This study will be conducted retrospectively and/or prospectively, and is an observational and multicenter study among Japanese institutions (J‐WCDR, Japan WCD Registry). This will provide evidence for WCD use in our own country and contribute to upcoming updates for the future guideline revisions.
Impacts of the Madden–Julian oscillation on precipitation extremes in Indonesia
Authors: Muhammad Fadhlil R. , Lubis Sandro W. , Setiawan Sonni
Published: November 2020

The influence of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) on the precipitation extremes in Indonesia during the rainy season (October to April) has been evaluated using the daily station rain gauge data from 1987 to 2017 and the gridded Asian Precipitation–Highly Resolved Observational Data Integration Towards Evaluation of Water Resources (APHRODITE) from 1998 to 2015 for different phases of the MJO. The results show that MJO significantly modulates the frequency of extreme precipitation events in Indonesia, with the magnitude of the impact varying across regions. Specifically, the convectively active (suppressed) MJO increases (decreases) the probability of extreme precipitation events over the western and central parts of Indonesia by up to 70% (40%). In the eastern part of Indonesia, MJO increases (decreases) extreme precipitation probability by up to 50% (40%). We attribute the differences in the probability of extreme precipitation events to the changes in the horizontal moisture flux convergence induced by MJO. The results indicate that the MJO provides the source of predictability of daily extreme precipitation in Indonesia.
A bio‐available strontium isoscape for eastern Beringia: a tool for tracking landscape use of Pleistocene megafauna
Authors: Funck Juliette , Bataille Clement , Rasic Jeffrey , Wooller Matthew
Published: November 2020

Numerous paleoecological questions concern the mobility of ancient fauna in eastern Beringia. Strontium (Sr) isotope ratio (87Sr/86Sr) analysis has emerged as a powerful tracer for determining the provenance of ancient biological materials. However, it is important to characterize 87Sr/86Sr variation across a landscape. We measured the 87Sr/86Sr composition of teeth from present‐day, herbivorous rodents (n = 162) sampled from across eastern Beringia to estimate bio‐available 87Sr/86Sr values. We compiled these data with the very limited number of previously published 87Sr/86Sr values from the region. We then used this dataset and a machine learning, random‐forest regression to predict bio‐available 87Sr/86Sr variations across eastern Beringia. As a case study using our new 87Sr/86Sr map (isoscape), we measured the 87Sr/86Sr and oxygen stable isotope values (δ18O) of five radiocarbon‐dated steppe bison from eastern Beringia and compared these to our 87Sr/86Sr isoscape and a δ18O isoscape to estimate the probable landscape use of these ancient fauna. Our model and isoscape provide important foundations for a wide range of additional applications, including studies of the paleo‐mobility of other fauna, ancient people and present‐day fauna in eastern Beringia.
The Experiences of Minors Seeking Asylum in the United States: A Modified Consensual Qualitative Research Analysis
Authors: Sangmo Lodoe , DiRisio Aislyn C. , D'Andrea Megan R. , Singer‐Pomerantz Safia , Baranowski Kim A.
Published: November 2020

Minors fleeing violence in their countries of origin constitute a significant portion of asylum seekers in the United States. Medical and mental health professionals provide continuity care services and offer pro bono forensic evaluations for this population to document evidence of human rights abuses and torture. The present study included a retrospective, qualitative chart review of deidentified personal declarations and clinician medico–legal affidavits associated with 36 asylum seekers under 21 years of age. Data were analyzed through a modified consensual qualified research (CQR‐M) approach to identify patterns in these individuals’ reports of persecution and assess health outcomes. Among the cases studied, violence by organized criminal groups (47.2%), family‐based violence (44.4%), and gender‐based violence (44.4%) were the most commonly cited reasons minors sought asylum. Evaluators documented a wide range of psychological sequelae: 80.5% of minors presented with clinically significant symptoms associated with trauma‐ and stressor‐related disorders, depression, and/or anxiety at the time of their applications for asylum. Of note, almost three‐quarters of the minors reported current enrollment in school and two‐thirds reported factors related to adaptive functioning. Despite reported exposure to premigratory and migratory trauma, postmigratory stressors, and psychological sequelae related to their experiences of violence, these young asylum seekers exhibited signs of resilience and a range of health‐promoting strengths.
Crumley's Classification of Laryngeal Synkinesis: A Comparison of Laryngoscopy and Electromyography
Authors: Foerster Gerhard , Podema Rosa , Guntinas‐Lichius Orlando , Crumley Roger L. , Mueller Andreas H.
Published: November 2020

Objectives/Hypothesis

Applying the principles of misdirected nerve regeneration to the larynx, Roger Crumley in 1989 coined the term laryngeal synkinesis (LS) which he later (2000) classified into 4 types (type I – good voice, type II – involuntary twitches and poor voice, type III – adduction during inspiration, type IV – abduction during phonation). Neurophysiological data were not available for all LS patients at that time. The current study was undertaken to utilize and test the Crumley classification for a clinical interrater comparison and, secondly, compare predicted with actual laryngeal electromyography (LEMG) results.

Study Design

Descriptive study.

Methods

Laryngoscopic and LEMG data of patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis (VFP) of 6 months duration or longer were combined for retrospective evaluation. Forty‐five data sets were available for laryngoscopic classification by two local laryngologists and by Roger Crumley. Twenty‐three data sets with complete thyroarytenoid (TA) and posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA) – EMG data were used to compare predicted with actual LEMG results.

Results

Local laryngologists were able to classify 24 of 45, Crumley 30 of 45 cases into one of the 4 synkinesis types. There was substantial agreement between examiners (Cohens Kappa 0.66 [P < .001]). Comparison of predicted and actual LEMG data showed only moderate agreement. EMG sykinesis rates were lower in TA than in PCA and highest in Crumley type I cases.

Conclusion

The Crumley classification is helpful in describing and understanding synkinesis. It does not always correlate predictably with actual LEMG data. A complete LEMG mapping of all intrinsic muscles may improve understanding of chronic VFP.

Level of Evidence

4. Laryngoscope, 131:E1605–E1610, 2021
Deep Learning for Voice Gender Identification: Proof‐of‐concept for Gender‐Affirming Voice Care
Authors: Bensoussan Yael , Pinto Jeremy , Crowson Matthew , Walden Patrick R. , Rudzicz Frank , Johns Michael
Published: November 2020

Objectives/Hypothesis

The need for gender‐affirming voice care has been increasing in the transgender population in the last decade. Currently, objective treatment outcome measurements are lacking to assess the success of these interventions. This study uses neural network models to predict binary gender from short audio samples of “male” and “female” voices. This preliminary work is a proof‐of‐concept for further work to develop an AI‐assisted treatment outcome measure for gender‐affirming voice care.

Study Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Methods

Two hundred seventy‐eight voices from male and female speakers from the Perceptual Voice Qualities Database were used to train a deep neural network to classify voices as male or female. Each audio sample was mapped to the frequency domain using Mel spectrograms. To optimize model performance, we performed 10‐fold cross validation of the entire dataset. The dataset was split into 80% training, 10% validation, and 10% test.

Results

Overall accuracy of 92% was obtained, both when considering the accuracy per spectrum and per patient metric. The accuracy of the model was higher for recognizing female voices (F1 score of 0.94) compared to male voices (F1 score of 0.87).

Conclusions

This proof of concept study shows promising performance for further development of an AI‐assisted tool to provide objective treatment outcome measurements for gender affirming voice care.

Level of evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 131:E1611–E1615, 2021
Real‐time feedback control of voice in cochlear implant recipients
Authors: Gautam Anirudh , Brant Jason A. , Ruckenstein Michael J. , Eliades Steven J.
Published: November 2020

Objectives

To evaluate feedback‐dependent vocal control in cochlear implant patients using pitch‐shifted auditory feedback.

Methods

Twenty‐three CI recipients with at least 6 months of implant experience were enrolled. Vocal recordings were performed while subjects repeated the vowel /e/ and vocal signals were altered in real‐time using a digital effects processor to introduce a pitch‐shift, presented back to subjects using headphones. Recordings were analyzed to determine pitch changes following the pitch‐shifted feedback, and results compared to the magnitude of the shift as well as patient demographics.

Results

Consistent with previous results, CI patients' voices had higher pitches with their implant turned off, a change explainable by increases in vocal loudness without the CI. CI patients rapidly compensated for pitch‐shifted feedback by changing their vocal pitch, but only for larger shifts. Considerable inter‐subject variability was present, and weakly correlated with the duration of implant experience and implant sound thresholds.

Conclusions

CI patients, like normal hearing individuals, are capable of real‐time feedback‐dependent control of their vocal pitch. However, CI patients are less sensitive to small feedback changes, possibly a result of courser CI frequency precision, and may explain poorer than normal vocal control in these patients.

Level of Evidence

Level 3b.
The Role of Cholesterol in α‐Synuclein and Lewy Body Pathology in GBA1 Parkinson's Disease
Authors: García‐Sanz Patricia , M.F.G. Aerts Johannes , Moratalla Rosario
Published: November 2020

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease where dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra are lost, resulting in a decrease in striatal dopamine and, consequently, motor control. Dopaminergic degeneration is associated with the appearance of Lewy bodies, which contain membrane structures and proteins, including α‐synuclein (α‐Syn), in surviving neurons. PD displays a multifactorial pathology and develops from interactions between multiple elements, such as age, environmental conditions, and genetics. Mutations in the GBA1 gene represent one of the major genetic risk factors for PD. This gene encodes an essential lysosomal enzyme called β‐glucocerebrosidase (GCase), which is responsible for degrading the glycolipid glucocerebroside into glucose and ceramide. GCase can generate glucosylated cholesterol via transglucosylation and can also degrade the sterol glucoside. Although the molecular mechanisms that predispose an individual to neurodegeneration remain unknown, the role of cholesterol in PD pathology deserves consideration. Disturbed cellular cholesterol metabolism, as reflected by accumulation of lysosomal cholesterol in GBA1‐associated PD cellular models, could contribute to changes in lipid rafts, which are necessary for synaptic localization and vesicle cycling and modulation of synaptic integrity. α‐Syn has been implicated in the regulation of neuronal cholesterol, and cholesterol facilitates interactions between α‐Syn oligomers. In this review, we integrate the results of previous studies and describe the cholesterol landscape in cellular homeostasis and neuronal function. We discuss its implication in α‐Syn and Lewy body pathophysiological mechanisms underlying PD, focusing on the role of GCase and cholesterol. © 2020 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Retracted: MiR‐485‐3p serves as a biomarker and therapeutic target of Alzheimer's disease via regulating neuronal cell viability and neuroinflammation by targeting AKT3
Authors: Yu Ling , Li Haiting , Liu Wenhu , Zhang Ligong , Tian Qun , Li Hairong , Li Min
Published: November 2020

Background

Numerous microRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified as functional molecules in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of microRNA‐485‐3p (miR‐485‐3p) in AD patients, evaluate the effect of miR‐485‐3p on neuronal viability and neuroinflammation, as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms.

Methods

Quantitative Real‐Time PCR was used to estimate expression of miR‐485‐3p and AKT3. A ROC analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of miR‐485‐3p. The correlation of miR‐485‐3p with patients' MMSE score and inflammatory response was analyzed. Using Aβ‐treated SH‐SY5Y and BV2 cells models, the effects of miR‐485‐3p on neuronal proliferation, apoptosis, and neuroinflammation were explored. A luciferase reporter assay was used to confirm the target gene of miR‐485‐3p in both SH‐SY5Y and BV2 cells.

Results

Serum miR‐485‐3p expression was significantly upregulated in AD patients and cell models, which had a high diagnostic accuracy and correlated with MMSE score and inflammatory response in AD patients. The knockdown of miR‐485‐3p in SH‐SY5Y and BV2 cells was found to significantly reverse the effect of Aβ treatment on neuronal viability and neuroinflammation. AKT3 was determined as a target of miR‐485‐3p, which might mediate the biological function of miR‐485‐3p in AD pathogenesis.

Conclusion

All the data indicated that increased serum miR‐485‐3p serves as a diagnostic biomarker in AD patients, and knockdown of miR‐485‐3p exerts a neuroprotective role by improving neuronal viability and weakening neuroinflammation, which may be mediated by AKT3. This study may provide a novel biomarker and therapeutic target for AD therapy.
Whole‐exome sequencing identified a novel homozygous ASPH frameshift variant causing Traboulsi syndrome in a Chinese family
Authors: Lei Cheng , Guo Ting , Ding Shuizi , Liao Liyan , Peng Hong , Tan Zhiping , Luo Hong
Published: November 2020

Background

Traboulsi syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by ectopia lentis and facial dysmorphism (large beaked nose), which was only reported in 18 individuals to date. It is caused by homozygous/compound heterozygous variants in the aspartate/asparagine‐β‐hydroxylase (ASPH) gene, which hydroxylates the aspartic acid and asparagine in epidermal growth factor‐like domains of various proteins.

Methods

Whole‐exome and Sanger sequencing were used to identify the disease‐causing gene of the patient in a consanguineous Chinese family. Domain analysis was applied to predict the impact of the variant on ASPH protein.

Results

Through exome and Sanger sequencing, we identified a novel homozygous ASPH variant (NM_004318.4:c.1910del/NP_004309.2: p.(Asn637MetfsTer15)) in the patient, which may lead to blockage of the ASPH function through truncating the AspH oxygenase domain of the ASPH protein and/or nonsense‐mediated decay of the ASPH transcript. This is the first report of Traboulsi syndrome in a Chinese patient who was combined with ventricular septal defect, lung bullae, and recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax.

Conclusion

Our results revealed the clinical characteristics of the first Chinese patient with Traboulsi syndrome. Additionally, our study expands the mutational spectrum of Traboulsi syndrome and provides information for clinical genetic counseling to this family.
APA survey finds spike in treatment demand, telehealth use
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: November 2020

Depression and anxiety top the list of mental health conditions psychologists are seeing most patients for during the pandemic, according to a new survey released by the American Psychological Association (APA) Nov. 16. The survey found that the vast majority of psychologists are treating their patients virtually via telehealth.
Report shows groups most impacted by MH amid pandemic
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: November 2020

The fear of getting COVID‐19 and of loved ones dying, anxiety about how to pay the bills after being laid off and feeling isolated due to restrictions are some of the emotions Americans are experiencing daily during this pandemic, say officials of an online therapy organization in a new report released last week.
Molecular irregularity descriptors of HAC5C7 nanotube
Authors: Shah Nehad Ali , Ebaid Abdelhalim , Imran Muhammad
Published: November 2020

Irregularities indices are commonly utilized for quantitative portrayal of topological structure of graphs which are not regular. As indicated by a broadly acknowledged bias, utilizing a topological descriptor (known as irregularity index of a graph) for that reason, the consequences of graph irregularity grouping ought to be predictable with our abstract decisions (instinctive inclination). In the instance of fundamentally graphs structures which are strongly similar, it is hard to choose the best possible irregularity index by which the irregularity positioning (requesting) of graphs can be acted in a steady way to our fundamental desires. In this work, we explore different prospects of developing alleged composite irregularity indices got as a component of conventional irregularity indices and test their prejudicial performance. In this paper, we will register certain irregularities of a nantube (HAC5C7).
Optimization of the differentiation and quantification of high‐Z nanoparticles incorporated in medical devices for CT‐guided interventions
Authors: Perez Joy Vanessa D. , Jacobsen Megan C. , Damasco Jossana A. , Melancon Adam , Huang Steven Y. , Layman Rick R. , Melancon Marites P.
Published: November 2020

Purpose

Material differentiation has been made possible using dual‐energy computed tomography (DECT), in which the unique, energy‐dependent attenuating characteristics of materials can provide new diagnostic information. One promising application is the clinical integration of biodegradable polymers as temporary implantable medical devices impregnated with high‐atomic number (high‐Z) materials. The purpose of this study was to explore the incorporation of high atomic number (high‐Z) contrast materials in a bioresorbable inferior vena cava filter for advanced CT‐based monitoring of its location and differentiating from surrounding materials.

Materials and methods

Imaging optimization and calibration studies were performed using a body phantom. The dual‐energy CT (DECT) ratios for iron, zirconium, barium, gadolinium, ytterbium, tantalum, tungsten, gold, and bismuth were generated for peak kilovoltage combinations of 80/150Sn, 90/150Sn, and 100/150Sn kVp in dual‐source CT via linear regression of the CT numbers at low and high energies. A secondary calibration of the material map to the nominal material concentration was generated to correct for use of materials other than iodine. CT number was calibrated to the material concentration based on single‐energy CT (SECT) with additional filtration (150Sn kVp). These quantification methods were applied to monitoring of biodegradable inferior vena cava filters (IVCFs) made of braided poly(p‐dioxanone) sutures infused with ultrasmall bismuth nanoparticles (BiNPs) implanted in an adult domestic pig.

Results

Qualitative material differentiation was optimal for high‐Z (>73) contrast agents in DECT. However, quantification became nonlinear and inaccurate as the K‐edge of the material increased. Using the high‐energy (150Sn kVp) data component as a SECT scan, the linearity of quantification curves was maintained with lower limits of detection than with DECT. Among the materials tested, bismuth had optimal differentiation from iodine in DECT while maintaining increased contrast in high‐energy SECT for quantification (11.5% error). Coating the IVCF with BiNPs resulted in markedly greater radiopacity (maximum CT number, 2028 HU) than that of an uncoated IVCF (maximum CT number, 127 HU). Using DECT imaging and processing, the BiNP‐IVCF could be clearly differentiated from iodine contrast injected into the inferior vena cava of the pig.

Conclusions

These findings may improve widespread integration of medical devices incorporated with high‐Z materials into the clinic, where technical success, possible complications, and device integrity can be assessed intraoperatively and postoperatively via DECT imaging.
Reexamination of diathesis stress and neurotoxic stress theories: A qualitative review of pre‐trauma neurobiology in relation to posttraumatic stress symptoms
Authors: Scheeringa Michael S.
Published: November 2020

Objective

Associations of neurobiological differences with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have generated interest in their temporal relation. Support has been voiced for the neurotoxic stress theory (NST) in which neurobiological differences develop following exposure and PTSD development. In contrast, the diathesis stress theory (DST) posits that neurobiological differences existed prior to exposure and may be vulnerability factors for PTSD. Studies in the first wave of neurobiological PTSD research were all cross sectional, but a second wave of research followed which used prospective repeated‐measures designs that measured neurobiology prior to trauma exposure experiences, allowing greater causal inference.

Methods

This study reviewed the second‐wave studies in hopes of developing a preliminary consensus to support either the NST or the DST based on this more powerful prospective, repeated‐measures study design.

Results

Twenty‐five second‐wave studies were located that measured neurobiology prior to traumatic experiences. Nineteen studies supported the DST. Of 10 studies that were capable of testing the NST, only 3 were supportive.

Conclusion

The implications of the NST versus the DST have profound implications for understanding the fragility of the human brain and possible paths forward for future research on assessment, treatment, and social policy.
Development of the Gambling Disorder Identification Test: Results from an international Delphi and consensus process
Authors: Molander Olof , Volberg Rachel , Månsson Viktor , Sundqvist Kristina , Wennberg Peter , Berman Anne H.
Published: November 2020

Objectives

Diverse instruments are used to measure problem gambling and Gambling Disorder intervention outcomes. The 2004 Banff consensus agreement proposed necessary features for reporting gambling treatment efficacy. To address the challenge of including these features in a single instrument, a process was initiated to develop the Gambling Disorder Identification Test (GDIT), as an instrument analogous to the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test and the Drug Use Disorders Identification Test.

Methods

Gambling experts from 10 countries participated in an international two‐round Delphi (n = 61; n = 30), rating 30 items proposed for inclusion in the GDIT. Gambling researchers and clinicians from several countries participated in three consensus meetings (n = 10; n = 4; n = 3). User feedback was obtained from individuals with experience of problem gambling (n = 12) and from treatment‐seekers with Gambling Disorder (n = 8).

Results

Ten items fulfilled Delphi consensus criteria for inclusion in the GDIT (M ≥ 7 on a scale of 1–9 in the second round). Item‐related issues were addressed, and four more items were added to conform to the Banff agreement recommendations, yielding a final draft version of the GDIT with 14 items in three domains: gambling behavior, gambling symptoms and negative consequences.

Conclusions

This study established preliminary construct and face validity for the GDIT.
Tag Type and Location-Dependent Retention Impart Varied Levels of Bias on Mark–Recapture Parameter Estimates
Authors: Zentner Douglas L. , Spurgeon Jonathan J. , Lochmann Steve E. , Graham Christy L.
Published: November 2020

Population parameter estimates from mark–recapture studies are dependent on individuals retaining marks or tags. Therefore, tag retention estimates are needed for different tag types and anatomical tagging locations. Few studies have empirically quantified the bias from tag retention on fish population parameters that are derived from mark–recapture studies. We examined differences in retention between T-bar anchor tags and PIT tags as well as among four anatomical locations for PIT tags in Brown Trout Salmo trutta in a tailwater fishery in Arkansas, USA. We also estimated the relative bias of tag type and PIT tag location on apparent survival estimates from Cormack–Jolly–Seber models. Tag retention for the anchor tags was 15.1% lower than that for the PIT tags after 1 year and 46.1% lower after 4 years. Greater PIT tag retention resulted in less biased estimates of apparent survival for PIT tags (average −7.1%) than for anchor tags (average −37.8%). However, PIT tags that were placed in different anatomical locations had varying retention rates, so the degree of relative bias that was associated with their apparent survival estimates also varied. Inserting the PIT tags in the cheek or dorsal musculature provided the greatest retention for Brown Trout and may provide the least biased apparent survival estimates from future mark–recapture studies.
Do Electrofishing Activities Disrupt Stream Biofilm Standing Stocks? An Assessment from Two Headwater Streams in Western Oregon
Authors: Heaston Emily D. , Segura Catalina , Warren Dana R.
Published: November 2020

Humans affect ecosystems in many ways, and scientific field studies are no exception. If data collection disrupts environments or biota too much, it can lead to inaccurate conclusions in the study of interest or in subsequent studies. We evaluated whether stream electrofishing surveys could measurably disturb the benthic biofilms in two forested headwaters in western Oregon, USA. While the consequences of electrofishing to macroinvertebrates and fish have been assessed, to date no studies have quantified its influence on benthic biofilms. We observed declines in the standing stocks of accrued benthic chlorophyll a directly after electrofishing in both streams. After electrofishing, the standing biofilm stocks declined by an average of ~15% in Oak Creek, a small third-order stream in the Oregon Coast Range Mountains, and by an average of ~34% in a third-order section of Lookout Creek, which is located in the western Cascade Mountains of Oregon, USA. In returning to Oak Creek 2 weeks after electrofishing, the standing stocks had fully recovered to their prefishing levels. While the benthic biofilm standing stocks did decline in association with electrofishing, the effects were small when compared with those of disturbances from common flow events and when scaling to the whole stream system. In Oak Creek, the proportional biofilm standing stock decline from electrofishing activity was about 26% of what was observed following a moderate flow event (40% of bank-full discharge), and about 15% of the decline in biofilm standing stocks following a complete bank-full discharge event (140% of bank-full discharge).
A strategy to synthesize pomegranate‐inspired hollow mesoporous molecularly imprinted nanoparticles by organic‐organic self‐assembly of dopamine
Authors: Ji Shunli , Huang Jiawen , Li Tengfei , Luo Xi , Zheng Feng
Published: November 2020

Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have attracted tremendous attention as potential materials, but the conventional MIPs preparation limits its application. In this study, a novel strategy to synthesize pomegranate‐inspired hollow mesoporous molecularly imprinted nanoparticles (HMMINs) by organic‐organic self‐assembly of dopamine is reported. Benefiting from the unique chemical composition and architecture, the one‐pot synthesized HMMINs not only provide high imprinting efficiency and binding capacity, but possess biocompatibility, photothermal (PT) and sustained release effect, which indicates HMMIPDAs have great potential to be applied as a sorbent to increase the selectivity of analytes from complex matrices, and drug carrier for PT therapy to achieve sustained‐release of the drug.
The complexity of diversity and importance for equitable philanthropy
Authors: Azevedo Lauren , Gaynor Tia Sherèe , Shelby Kyra , Santos Genesis
Published: November 2020

The current U.S. climate of racial and social injustice has prompted a renewed call for diverse and equitable ways to rethink community philanthropy. Community foundations are vehicles for community philanthropy which offer vast benefits for social improvement and community development. The board of directors ensures these organizations fulfill their mission, making decisions on funding priorities and holding the organization functionally and fiscally responsible. Drawing on constructs of diversity and representative bureaucracy and a case study of Florida community foundations, we suggest that diversity is understood in different ways and the presence of diverse board members may be linked to advancing the interests of diverse communities and in achieving outcomes that assist in the needs of certain social groups. Increased understanding of diversity can improve foundation and philanthropic effectiveness and bring broader social change by promoting equity and social justice among community‐based philanthropic organizations.
Nurses' experiences of delirium and how to identify delirium—A qualitative study
Authors: Helgesen Ann Karin , Adan Yassin Husein , Dybvik Bjørglund Caroline , Weberg‐Haugen Chris , Johannessen Mona , Åsmul Kristiansen Kristine , Vasskog Risan Elisabeth , Relusco Ma Lorinda , Skaarer‐Heen Heidi Marie , Sørensen Tina Sofie , Vedå Linea , Abrahamsen Grøndahl Vigdis
Published: November 2020

Aim

Delirium is a serious, acute medical condition which places a heavy burden on the patient, his or her family and healthcare professionals. There have been only a limited number of studies to explore nurses' experiences of delirium and how delirium is identified in community care. The research questions of the study are as follows: “How do community care nurses' experience delirium?” and “How is delirium identified?”.

Design

This study has been designed as an explorative and descriptive study.

Methods

A topic‐based interview guide was developed containing questions associated with the Registered Nurses' experiences of their meetings with people with delirium and their identification of delirium.

Results

Nurses working in the community care need to know more about delirium as they play a key role in treatment. Our results also show that the participants have difficulty in establishing whether a patient is suffering from acute confusion/delirium, depression or dementia.
Needs for a gender‐based perimarital couples’ counselling services in Iran
Authors: Simbar Masoumeh , Rahmanian Fatemeh , Nazarpour Soheila , Ramezankhani Ali , Zayeri Farid
Published: November 2020

Aim

To assess needs for a gender‐sensitive perimarital counselling services in Iran.

Design

A descriptive cross‐sectional study.

Methods

This was a study on all 236 premarital counselling providers in 37 health centres in Shiraz‐Iran. The tools for data collection included the following: (a) a demographic information questionnaire and; (b) a valid and reliable Needs Assessment questionnaire for Gender‐Sensitive Perimarital Counseling Services (GSPCS) in 3 sections of needs for process, structure and policy making of the perimarital counselling services. Data were analysed using SPSS 21.

Results

All health providers with average working experience of 8.63 (SD 5.35) years participated in the study. Results demonstrated highest scores for needs related to facilities as the structure of the services (90.09 SD 13.70 per cent) and community empowerment (89.50 SD 16.67 per cent) as the necessary policy for the gender‐sensitive services. We concluded that providing gender‐sensitive perimarital counselling healthcare services needs to reform the process, structure and policies of the services.
Beliefs, fear and awareness of women about breast cancer: Effects on mammography screening practices
Authors: Emami Lida , Ghahramanian Akram , Rahmani Azad , Mirza Aghazadeh Ahmad , Onyeka Tonia C. , Nabighadim Amirreza
Published: November 2020

Aim

This study sought to investigate the beliefs, fear and awareness about breast cancer and mammography screening practices of women in Iran.

Methods

This descriptive‐correlational study was conducted at Tabriz, East Azerbaijan Province, northwest of Iran from February–July 2017. One hundred and fifty‐two women aged 40 years and older, who were referred to 12 health centres for health services were selected via clustering sampling. Associations between variables and mammography screening practices were examined using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Participants who had a mammogram within the last 24 months were compared with those who had none. Sociodemographic questionnaire, Champion's Breast Cancer Fear Scale, Champion's Health Belief Model Scale for Mammography Screening, Breast Cancer Awareness Scale and Powe Fatalism Inventory were the tools used for data gathering.

Results

Just 38.2% of women reported having a mammogram within the last 24 months. Self‐efficacy (OR = 5.36, B = 1.68, p < .001), susceptibility (OR = 2.83, B = 1.04, p < .001), motivation (OR = 2.11, B = 0.75, p = .024) and lower perceived barriers (OR = 0.25, B = −1.37, p < .001) were associated with being screened. Neither fatalistic belief nor awareness towards breast cancer was significant.
Comprehensive Genomic Profiling of Carcinoma of Unknown Primary Origin: Retrospective Molecular Classification Considering the CUPISCO Study Design
Authors: Ross Jeffrey S. , Sokol Ethan S. , Moch Holger , Mileshkin Linda , Baciarello Giulia , Losa Ferran , Beringer Andreas , Thomas Marlene , Elvin Julia A. , Ngo Nhu , Jin Dexter X. , Krämer Alwin
Published: November 2020

Background

Carcinoma of unknown primary origin (CUP) accounts for 2%–5% of newly diagnosed advanced malignancies, with chemotherapy as the standard of care. CUPISCO (NCT03498521) is an ongoing randomized trial using comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) to assign patients with CUP to targeted or immunotherapy treatment arms based on genomic profiling. We performed a retrospective analysis of CUP cases referred for CGP to determine how many were potentially eligible for enrollment into an experimental CUPISCO arm.

Materials and Methods

Centrally reviewed adenocarcinoma and undifferentiated CUP specimens in the FoundationCore database were analyzed using the hybrid capture-based FoundationOne CDx assay (mean coverage, >600×). Presence of genomic alterations, microsatellite instability (MSI), tumor mutational burden (TMB), genomic loss of heterozygosity (gLOH), and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) positivity were determined.

Results

A total of 96 of 303 patients (31.7%) could be matched to an experimental CUPISCO arm. Key genomic alterations included ERBB2 (7.3%), PIK3CA (6.3%), NF1 (5.6%), NF2 (4.6%), BRAF (4.3%), IDH1 (3.3%), PTEN, FGFR2, EGFR (3.6% each), MET (4.3%), CDK6 (3.0%), FBXW7, CDK4 (2.3% each), IDH2, RET, ROS1, NTRK (1.0% each), and ALK (0.7%). Median TMB was 3.75 mutations per megabase of DNA; 34 patients (11.6%) had a TMB ≥16 mutations per megabase. Three patients (1%) had high MSI, and 42 (14%) displayed high PD-L1 expression (tumor proportion score ≥50%). gLOH could be assessed in 199 of 303 specimens; 19.6% had a score of >16%.

Conclusions

Thirty-two percent of patients would have been eligible for targeted therapy in CUPISCO. Future studies, including additional biomarkers such as PD-L1 positivity and gLOH, may identify a greater proportion potentially benefiting from CGP-informed treatment. Clinical trial identification number. NCT03498521

Implications for Practice

The findings of this retrospective analysis of carcinoma of unknown primary origin (CUP) cases validate the experimental treatment arms being used in the CUPISCO study (NCT03498521), an ongoing randomized trial using comprehensive genomic profiling to assign patients with CUP to targeted or immunotherapy treatment arms based on the presence of pathogenic genomic alterations. The findings also suggest that future studies including additional biomarkers and treatment arms, such as programmed death-ligand 1 positivity and genomic loss of heterozygosity, may identify a greater proportion of patients with CUP potentially benefiting from comprehensive genomic profiling-informed treatment.
Optimizing pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis use in pediatric orthopedic surgical patients through implementation of a perioperative venous thromboembolism risk screening tool
Authors: MacNevin Wyatt , Padhye Kedar , Alkhalife Yasser , Price Victoria , El‐Hawary Ron , Branchford Brian R. , Stevens Sarah , Kulkarni Ketan
Published: November 2020

Background

Although rare, venous thromboembolic events (VTE) are a significant challenge in pediatric orthopedic surgical patients (POSP). A VTE thromboprophylaxis screening tool was developed and implemented in POSPs at the IWK Health Centre since October 2016.

Objectives

This retrospective cohort study was designed to evaluate and assess the impact of the VTE thromboprophylaxis screening tool in terms of use of thromboprophylaxis in POSP.

Methods

Using the tool, POSPs were screened and were categorized into risk groups. Patient groups were compared and spearman correlation analysis was performed to show the strength of association between risk factors and thromboprophylaxis. Retrospective screening of pre‐algorithm patients who received thromboprophylaxis was done to further assess the screening tool.

Results

After the implementation of the VTE thromboprophylaxis screening tool in POSPs, there was a 47.9% reduction in the use of thromboprophylaxis (P = 0.046) as compared with before. Neither VTE nor significant bleeding complications occurred before or after screening tool implementation. Compliance with the screening tool was excellent (100% of patients in the high‐risk category received thromboprophylaxis). High‐risk patients were more likely to have body mass index  > 30 (35.7%), limited/altered mobility (57.1%), and to be undergoing a complicated/repeat surgery (64.3%).

Conclusions

The present study demonstrates successful implementation of a VTE thromboprophylaxis screening tool that resulted in significant reduction in use of thromboprophylaxis in POSPs with no increase in VTE or change in bleeding complications.
Perinatal outcome and prognostic factors of fetal megacystis diagnosed at 11–14 week's gestation
Authors: Kao Cindy , Lauzon Julie , Brundler Marie‐Anne , Tang Selphee , Somerset David
Published: November 2020

Objectives

To evaluate aneuploidy rate, prognostic factors, and perinatal outcomes following a diagnosis of fetal megacystis at 11–14 week's gestation.

Methods

A retrospective study of first trimester fetal megacystis from 2010 to 2020 was performed, including ultrasound finding, perinatal outcomes, pathology reports, genetic tests, and neonatal investigations.

Results

A total of 98 cases of first trimester fetal megacystis was identified with an overall aneuploidy rate of 12%. There were 54% live births and 46% fetal losses including spontaneous fetal demise and elective termination. Among the 45 fetal losses, 64% had additional structural abnormalities at index ultrasound and final diagnoses were achievable in 64% cases. Among the 53 livebirths, additional ultrasound abnormalities were detected in only 1 fetus and spontaneous resolution of megacystis was detected in 96% of cases. The two cases where fetal megacystis persisted had major postnatal diagnoses: cloacal malformation and megacystis‐microcolon‐intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome, respectively. Our data showed LBD ≥ 12 mm was the best individual predictor of adverse perinatal outcome and all 11 cases of lower urinary tract obstruction (LUTO) were diagnosed in fetuses with LBD ≥ 12 mm.

Conclusions

First trimester ultrasound provides important prognostic factors and isolated megacystis <12 mm is associated with a positive outcome.
Fetal dural sinus thrombosis: A systematic review
Authors: Sacco Adalina , Pannu Deepika , Ushakov Fred , Dyet Leigh , Pandya Pranav
Published: November 2020

Introduction

Fetal dural sinus thrombosis (DST) is a rare condition. Although numerous case reports exist, the findings appear heterogenous and providing accurate patient counselling remains challenging.

Methods

A systematic literature review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidance.

Results

Thirty‐one studies including 78 patients were included in this review. No association with maternal or neonatal coagulopathy, infection or trauma was found. The average gestational age at diagnosis was 25 weeks (range 17–34 weeks). Approximately half of foetuses affected were female (48.7%); one quarter were male (25.6%) and one quarter had no sex stated (25.6%). Termination of pregnancy was chosen in 25.6% of cases (20/78). In continuing pregnancies,10.3% (6/58) experienced a perinatal death. Antenatally, the majority of lesions either decreased in size (38.5%) or completely resolved (32.7%). The neonatal or childhood outcome was normal in 88.0% of survivors (44/50). The average age at follow up was 16.4 months, ranging from birth to 6 years.

Conclusion

This review found that 10% of DST cases experience in‐utero or neonatal death. In survivors, the majority of cases reduce in size or completely resolve in pregnancy and 85% are reported to have a good outcome. However, further evidence is needed regarding long‐term neurocognitive sequelae.
Using artificial intelligence to identify anti‐hypertensives as possible disease modifying agents in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Visanji Naomi P. , Madan Piyush , Lacoste Alix M. B. , Buleje Italo , Han Yanyan , Spangler Scott , Kalia Lorraine V. , Hensley Alford Sharon , Marras Connie
Published: November 2020

Purpose

Drug repurposing is an effective means of increasing treatment options for diseases, however identifying candidate molecules for the indication of interest from the thousands of approved drugs is challenging. We have performed a computational analysis of published literature to rank existing drugs according to predicted ability to reduce alpha synuclein (aSyn) oligomerization and analyzed real‐world data to investigate the association between exposure to highly ranked drugs and PD.

Methods

Using IBM Watson for Drug Discoveryâ (WDD) we identified several antihypertensive drugs that may reduce aSyn oligomerization. Using IBM MarketScanâ Research Databases we constructed a cohort of individuals with incident hypertension. We conducted univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard analyses (HR) with exposure as a time‐dependent covariate. Diuretics were used as the referent group. Age at hypertension diagnosis, sex, and several comorbidities were included in multivariate analyses.

Results

Multivariate results revealed inverse associations for time to PD diagnosis with exposure to the combination of the combination of angiotensin receptor II blockers (ARBs) and dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers (DHP‐CCB) (HR = 0.55,p < 0.01) and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) and diuretics (HR = 0.60,p‐value <0.01). Increased risk was observed with exposure to alpha‐blockers alone (HR = 1.81,p < 0.001) and the combination of alpha‐blockers and CCB (HR = 3.17,p < 0.05).

Conclusions

We present evidence that a computational approach can efficiently identify leads for disease‐modifying drugs. We have identified the combination of ARBs and DHP‐CCBs as of particular interest in PD.