bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on Substation Leakage Current Detection Device Based on Wireless Synchronous Communication
Authors: Yuan Mingzhe , Huang Yin , Linghu Jingbo , Zou Jingxin , Liu Yuhang , Zheng Qianyuan
Published: June 2023

The substation power supply system is the key to ensuring the safe and stable operation of the substation. The leakage current in the cable may cause serious accidents such as channel fires. The traditional detection device cannot distinguish the leakage current and the unbalanced current in the circuit. Aiming at the accurate detection of leakage current in the station power system, a new leakage current detection device for the station power system is developed in this paper. The device is composed of multiple wireless acquisition terminals, with multi-channel synchronous acquisition, automatic data communication, current vector, and calculation functions. The device can realize the accurate detection of leakage current and the accurate positioning of defects in the substation AC system. And it can quickly, effectively, and accurately detect the operation of the station AC system, with high economy and practicality, which is helpful to ensure the safe and stable operation of the substation.
Design Method of Full-scale Fatigue Test Load for Wind Turbine Blade
Authors: Liao Gaohua , Hong Zhimin , Zeng Haoyu , Liao Shuwu , Liu Pingxian
Published: June 2023

The blade is one of the key components of a wind turbine, and the alternating fatigue load is the main factor leading to the fatigue failure of wind turbine blades. The accuracy of load determines the accuracy of the wind turbine blade test. Based on the equivalent torque time history data from the wind load acting on the blade root, the load of the two-dimensional matrix is obtained by using data compression technology and a rain flow counting algorithm. According to the capture matrix of load data, the frequency of various design loading cases and the distribution of wind speed, the symmetrical load spectrum is calculated and compiled. The fatigue load of a wind turbine blade is calculated for a certain type of 2MW blade, which lays a foundation for the design and test of a wind turbine blade fatigue loading system.
Research on Motion Characteristics of Circuit Breaker Electromagnet in Different Conditions
Authors: Zhang Tuo , Duan Xin , Zhao Mingwei , Shen Hongliang , Ma Tianxiang
Published: June 2023

The electromagnet is an important component of the circuit breaker operating mechanism. The stable work of the circuit breaker depends on the normal work of the electromagnet. In order to study the operation characteristics of the circuit breaker electromagnet, an electromagnet simulation model is established to analyze the action of the moving iron core and the coil current under the normal operation of the electromagnet. On this basis, the change of the moving iron core and the coil current under typical faults, such as the moving iron core jamming and coil voltage reduction, has also been studied. What’s more, the changes in the coil current under normal and fault conditions have been analyzed.
Active Emergency Control Strategy for Wind Farms Considering Fatigue Load and Action Damage
Authors: Wang Fei , He Yulei , Liu Xiaoning , Han Liqun , Yu Chuanhua , Yang Fan
Published: June 2023

With the increase of renewable energy in power systems, the number of traditional coal power plants is decreasing year by year. The emergency control by tripping off the generators is no longer sufficient to maintain the stability of the system. Aiming to solve the problem with the help of wind farms, a cutting method based on reducing fatigue and motion damage is proposed. Firstly, FCM is used to select machines suitable for removal from the wind farm; then, an optimization model to minimize mechanical loss and output error is constructed by analyzing the shutdown process, and the cutter solution is obtained by solving the 0-1 planning problem; finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by example analysis.
Robust Diagnosis of Emergency Operating Procedures Under a Fire in Nuclear Power Plants
Authors: Kong Kaihe , Li Min , Wu Yuejun , Wang Zhenying , Huang Yu
Published: June 2023

In this paper, a method of analyzing and processing information loss under a fire in nuclear power plants is proposed. By using this method, we can determine which information is valid. At the same time, this method provides a solution to management for invalid information. By screening the information used in emergency operating procedures (EOP) and analyzing its state in fire conditions, appropriate corrective measures (such as redundant information, redundant information, and forced value) are taken. It ensures that the information used by the operator is valid and reliable. It’s favorable for operators to identify the accident state of the plant and select appropriate accident strategies. Therefore, correct orientation and effective implementation of EOP in fire conditions are ensured.
Transformer Fault Diagnosis Based on DLH-GWO-SVM
Authors: Wei Sun
Published: June 2023

In the field of transformer fault diagnosis, there are many diagnostic methods. These diagnostic methods are either not high accuracy or are used too long. In this paper, a dimension learning-based hunting (DLH) search strategy optimization grey wolf algorithm support vector machine (DLH-GWO-SVM) model was proposed. In the process of initializing the grey wolf population, logistic chaotic mapping was used to improve the quality of the initial wolf position. In the Wolf screening process, the DLH search strategy was adopted to solve the problem that GWO was prone to fall into the local optimal solution, and the improved Grey wolf algorithm (IGWO) was formed. Finally, the transformer fault types were classified by support vector machine (SVM), and IGWO was used to optimize the penalty factor and kernel parameter (g) of the SVM. Through the experimental analysis, the accuracy of transformer fault diagnosis can reach 95.83% after the application of the DLH-GWO-SVM model.
Analysis and Control of Chaos in Voltage Mode Control Superbuck Converter for Photovoltaic Systems
Authors: Wang Lihua , Jiang Shaojie , Sun Junling , Gao Zhenzhen , Cui WenWen , Yuan Junming
Published: June 2023

Superbuck converter is a high-order converter with complex nonlinear dynamic characteristics, such as bifurcation and chaos, which will affect the stability of photovoltaic power generation systems. In this paper, the nonlinear dynamics of the voltage mode control Superbuck converter are studied. Taking reference voltage, input voltage, and output voltage error amplification factor as bifurcation parameters, the evolution process of the system from a stable state to bifurcation to a chaotic state is analyzed. The bifurcation forms of the converter under three bifurcation parameters are all period-doubling bifurcations. In this paper, the linear sliding mode control method is used to suppress and clear the nonlinear phenomenon of the system so that the converter in the chaotic state and unstable operation state can be restored to a stable single-cycle state in about 0.6ms.
Research on Hybrid AC Sampling Technology in Substation Based on Frequency Threshold
Authors: Tang Wei , Li Ge
Published: June 2023

During the operation of the power grid, AC quantity acquisition plays an important role in the power system to convert analog quantity into digital quantity, which is the basis of realizing substation automation. The accuracy and reliability of sampling directly affect the reliability and stability of the whole system. Therefore, this paper studies a hybrid AC sampling technology based on frequency threshold, which is based on the sampling method. The polynomial fitting method is used to restore the power data at the time of the fault point, mainly to judge the frequency change points collected by the system and whether or not the corresponding sampling mode is switched by comparing the frequency change value with the threshold value. Finally, the advantages of the above conclusions are verified by simulation.
Monitoring Method of Overhead Transmission and Distribution Line Operation State Based on WSN Network
Authors: Xia Zhengkan , Yan Shengwei , Wu Jian , Yan Xin , Wang Kaicheng
Published: June 2023

In order to ensure the safe and stable operation of overhead transmission and distribution lines, the WSN network is used to optimize the line condition monitoring method design. In this paper, considering the connection mode of overhead transmission and distribution lines, a line equivalent model is constructed. The model configures the WSN network through the installation of sensor equipment. The WSN network is used to collect and transmit the operation data of overhead transmission and distribution lines, calculate the monitoring parameters such as voltage imbalance and current detuning, and finally get the visual monitoring results of line status. Compared with the traditional monitoring methods, it is concluded that the monitoring error of voltage imbalance and current detuning by the optimized design method is reduced by 1.15kV and 2.94kA, which effectively improves the monitoring accuracy of line operation.
Reconfiguration of Distributed Power Distribution Networks Based on Gravitational Search Algorithms
Authors: Zhao Buzheng , Xiao Jianmei
Published: June 2023

Distributed power supply access to the system affects the tidal distribution of the distribution network. The article establishes a mathematical optimization model with network loss minimization and load balance minimization as the objective function. In this paper, the idea of elite strategy is introduced into the gravitational search algorithm and combined with the Sigmoid function, an optimization method of distribution network reconfiguration based on the improved gravitational search algorithm is proposed by improving the particle iteration rule. The mathematical model is solved using the improved algorithm, and the results show that the net loss and load balance of the system is reduced after the distribution network reconfiguration. The simulation results verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method, which has a strong global optimization capability and fast convergence.
A 3D multi-directional and multimodal broadband vibration energy harvester using an L-shaped bending beam
Authors: Dai Xianzhi , Zhang Zhang , Chen Wang , Wang Lijun , Wang Yong , Zheng Min
Published: June 2023

A three-dimensional (3D), multi-directional and multimodal broadband vibration energy harvester using L-shaped curved beams is proposed in this paper. The harvester is composed of an L-shaped cylindrical bending beam and a piezoelectric beam. The free ends of the L-shaped bending beam and the piezoelectric beam are respectively fixed with a magnet. These two beams are coupled by nonlinear magnetic force introduced by the two magnets. The results show that the prototype can collect 3D multi-directional broadband vibration energies and has three natural frequencies in 3D directions. Under 5 m/s2 acceleration, the prototype obtains 42.1V, 45.0V and 66.9V peak-peak voltages in the x-direction, y-direction and z-direction respectively, and the widest 3 DB bandwidths in this three directions reach up to 6.4Hz, 6.3Hz and 4.2Hz, respectively.
Harmonic Responsibility Calculation with the System-side Harmonic dominated
Authors: Ju Yong-Sheng , Wang Shi-Jun , Tang Fei , Ma Qiu-Bo , Hua Hui-Chun
Published: June 2023

Considering the features of the load, such as time-varying and randomness, it is hard to estimate the harmonic impedance. The computing method of harmonic impedance is proposed with the system-side harmonic fluctuation dominated, while the phase angle is taken into account, which improves the accuracy of the calculation. At the same time, this paper adopts the idea of piece-wise linear regression to decrease the influence of unusual data on the estimation results. Finally, the theoretical validity and application feasibility are verified by an example analysis.
A Bilateral Perturbation and Observation Method for Wireless Power Transfer System
Authors: Li Jianting , Li Jianke , Wang Jinquan , Chen Jingjing
Published: June 2023

To improve the efficiency of wireless power transfer (WPT) systems, this paper proposes a bilateral perturbation and observation method for WPT systems based on bilateral resonant modular three-level topology. This method uses the duty cycle of the rectifier to control the output voltage, optimizes the reactive power in the primary and secondary sides by disturbing the phase difference between the input voltage and current of the rectifier, and achieves impedance matching by the disturbance of the duty cycle of the inverter, thus improving the system efficiency, especially under light load conditions.
State Identification of Power System Based on Visual Geometric Group Network
Authors: Yang Jing , Meng Runquan
Published: June 2023

Accurate and timely identification of power system operation states are requisite for taking control strategies and ensuring power system security. With the high grid penetration of renewable energy generation and wide application of power electronic equipment, power system is becoming more complicated and facing more uncertainties. Traditional model based power system state identification methods are faced with challenges and data driven methods have great prospects. This paper proposes a new data-driven method for identifying power system operating states based on visual geometric group network VGG16 (16-layer Visual Geometry Group (VGG16). Firstly, the Lasso algorithm is used to select the operating state features of the power system to realize the features dimensionality reduction. Then, the weights of the loss functions are adjusted according to the difficulty of model for identifying power system states. Finally, the IEEE39 node system is used as an example, the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method is verified.
Development of a Lightning-Induced Overvoltage Suppression Device for the 10 kV Distribution Network
Authors: Xiao Xiaobing , He Xiaomeng , He Xinyi , Li Huapeng , Hao Shuqing , Zhang Yang
Published: June 2023

The critical point of lightning protection of the 10 kV distribution network is lightning-induced overvoltage protection. The traditional lightning protection measures cannot solve the problem for the 10 kV Distribution Network. This paper developed a distribution network lightning-induced overvoltage suppression device. The device comprises core inductance, nonlinear resistance, and a parallel adjustable gap. The device operates in three states according to the lightning overvoltage amplitude. The lightning energy is discharged through the device to the earth. The lightning-induced overvoltage amplitude is reduced to below 75 kV. The device’s effectiveness is verified by theoretical analysis and simulation in MATLAB/SIMULINK. The device has significant advantages, such as good lightning protection affection, minor disturbance to the distribution network, and light installation work volume. The device has a good application prospect.
Establishment and Application of Management Evaluation System for Transmission Line Icing Monitoring Terminal
Authors: Fan Qiang , Wu Jianrong , Feng Shengyong , Wen Yi , Huang Junkai , Jiang Su
Published: June 2023

The transmission line icing on-line monitoring device, which integrates many functions, such as line icing thickness monitoring, wire tension, micro weather, and image/video monitoring, can realize real-time icing condition monitoring of transmission lines and significantly improve the early warning ability of transmission lines. It is the foundation of a smart grid on-line monitoring system. Therefore, how to effectively evaluate the operational effectiveness of the icing monitoring terminal has become particularly important. Aiming at the automatic identification of icing monitoring terminal defects, this paper establishes a comprehensive evaluation system of icing monitoring terminal management and makes a comprehensive evaluation from the two dimensions of the communication index and efficiency index. Combined with the operation data of more than 290 sets of terminals in the power grid, the existing problems of the terminal are analyzed and some suggestions for further improvement are put forward.
Real Type Experiment of 77 Series Transmission Tower in Jiangsu Based on Different Reinforcement Schemes
Authors: Lin Yayang , Gu Xiang , Lu Chunfeng , Peng Long , Han Jingshan
Published: June 2023

The old 77 series transmission tower is widely used. In recent years, many structural damage accidents have occurred due to its inability to adapt to the changing climate in some regions. Therefore, this paper has carried out structural reinforcement in two ways for the tower designed in the early stage without considering the change of wind pressure height coefficient. In order to check the safety and reliability of the structure, a real tower experiment after two reinforcement schemes has been designed to calculate the stress of each node and component. The effectiveness of two different strengthening schemes is verified.
The surface Resistive Plate Counter (sRPC): an RPC based on MPGD technology
Authors: Bencivenni G. , de Oliveira R. , Felici G. , Gatta M. , Giovannetti M. , Morello G. , Poli Lener M.
Published: June 2023

The Surface Resistive Plate Counter (sRPC) is a novel RPC based on surface resistivity
electrodes, a completely different concept with respect to traditional RPCs that use electrodes
characterised by volume resistivity. The electrodes of the sRPC exploit the well-established
industrial Diamond-Like-Carbon (DLC) sputtering technology on thin (50 μm) polyimide foils,
already introduced in the manufacturing of the resistive MPGDs such as μ-RWELL and MicroMegas, that
allows to realise large area (up to 2 × 0.5 m2) electrodes with a surface resistivity
spanning over several orders of magnitude (0.01 ÷ 10 GΩ/□). Two detector layout has
been developed: the baseline layout with the DLC connected to the HV by a single dot connection
outside the active area and the high rate layout with a screen printing a conductive grid onto the
DLC film, which exploit the concept of the high density current evacuation scheme first introduced
for the μ-RWELL. Besides the use in HEP experiments as timing detector this new technology could be
exploited as thermal neutron device for homeland security applications (e.g. Radioactive Portal
Monitors for ports and airports), replacing one or both DLC electrodes of the sRPC with plates
coated with ∼3 μm thick 10B4C layer, thus obtaining neutron converters inside the active
volume of the detector. Results obtained by irradiating the detectors at the calibrated
 241Am-B ENEA-Frascati HOTNES facility will be discussed.
DANTE Digital Pulse Processor for XRF and XAS experiments
Authors: Iguaz F.J. , Bombelli L. , Meo S. , Orsini F. , Schöder S. , Tocchio A. , Trcera N. , Vantelon D.
Published: June 2023

DANTE is a new Digital Pulse Processor (DPP) developed for fluorescence detectors, like
Silicon Drift Detectors (SDDs) or High Purity Germanium detectors (HPGe), used in X-ray
Fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) experiments at synchrotron
facilities. Its main features are its optimal energy resolution and peak stability for detector
count rate values up to 1–2 Mcps, and its enhanced rejection of pile-up events. In this paper, we
present the first complete evaluation of DANTE performance in SOLEIL synchrotron facility. DANTE
has been tested in laboratory with an X-ray generator source and in different experiments at LUCIA
and PUMA beamlines at SOLEIL.
Delivering net zero in the UK: twelve conditions for success
Authors: Carr-Whitworth Rachel , Barrett John , Colechin Mike , Pidgeon Nick , Styles Robin , Betts-Davies Sam , Cox Emily , Watson Anna , Wilson Oisin
Published: June 2023

Reducing greenhouse gas emissions to net zero (NZ) as rapidly as possible is imperative to limiting climate change, and this requires an unprecedented transformation of socio-technical-political systems which govern the energy system. To guide this transition, evidence from a broad range of disciplines is needed, yet rarely are experts able to speak with a coordinated voice on the conditions needed to transform the whole system. Here we draw on novel data from a series of deliberative workshops utilising consensus building techniques with 83 experts and stakeholders from the public, private and third sector, to understand the conditions needed to deliver NZ in the UK. About 12 core conditions are presented: (1) act now to deploy ‘low regret’ solutions on a large scale; (2) to learn from successes and failures, monitor, evaluate and communicate outcomes; (3) clarify governance structures, expectations and responsibilities; (4) upskill and capacity build in the workforce and government; (5) better account for the importance of place and spatial dimensions of the NZ transition; (6) actively engage communities in the changes taking place; (7) realise a just transition; (8) challenge the role of power and vested interests in downplaying and delaying NZ; (9) take an interdisciplinary and whole systems approach; (10) review the research and innovation funding landscape; (11) incentivise collaboration and reward impact; (12) explore competing narratives and transition pathways. Taken together, these conditions can guide decision making and future research agendas in climate change mitigation.
Analysis of Vegetation Index of Oil Palm Plants infected with Ganoderma Disease
Authors: Wahyuni M , Sabrina T , Mukhlis  , Santoso H
Published: June 2023

One of the characteristics of Ganoderma disease is that it is asymptomatic, visual symptoms appear when the condition of the plant is severe so early detection and identification become a fundamental problem. This study aims to identify Ganoderma disease by analyzing the vegetation index NDVI, GNDVI, and SAVI based on the reflectance value of oil palm plant images recorded with a UAV vehicle equipped with a multispectral sensor 3 bands red (Red), green (Green), infrared (Near Infra Red) at 660nm, 550nm and 850nm wavelengths. The software used is Mission Planner, Agisoft Meta Shape, Mapir Camera Control, ArcGIS 10.5, and ENVI 5.3. The research location is in an oil palm plantation in Pabatu in an area of 247ha planted in 2004 and 2005. The results of observations of Ganoderma disease reached 24.1%. The reflectance value of infected plants was lower than that of healthy plants with a ratio of 56.7%, 66.5%, and 44.7% in the R, G, and NIR bands. The reflectance value consistently decreases with an increasing attack of Ganoderma disease. The NDVI, GNDVI, and SAVI values in healthy plants were 0.29; 0.34, and 0.21, and in infected plants the values were lower. Vegetation index parameters can be important information to detect and identify Ganoderma disease attacks.
Oleamide as an Environment-friendly Additive for Styrene Butadiene Rubber/Silica Compound: The Strength and Elasticity Behaviours
Authors: Surya I , Marpongahtun
Published: June 2023

One relatively new additive for rubber compound named oleamide was made from urea and oleic acid of palm oil. The rubber additive was applied in rubber compounding technology; by adding it to styrene butadiene rubber (SBR)/silica compound. The silica was added at 30 parts per hundred of SBR, whilst the oleamide was loaded to the silica-filled SBR with varying amounts i.e., from 2 to 8 phr and, those SBR/silica/oleamide compounds were vulcanized at 150 °C by applying a semi-efficient formulation method. It was revealed that the oleamide acted as a co-curing rubber additive and plasticizing chemical for SBR/silica compound. The additive decreased the viscosity but increased the curing rate of the SBR/silica compound. The bigger the oleamide amount, the less viscosity and the shorter the curing time. The oleamide also shifted the tensile moduli (M100) and strength. It also shifted the breaking elongation (elasticity) at bigger amounts than 2 phr. Tensile strength was shifted to a maximal value with a 2 phr of oleamide addition.
Evaluation of Several Superior Rice Varieties on Yield and Seed Production in North Sumatra
Authors: Jonharnas  , Aryati V , Helmi
Published: June 2023

The evaluation of several superior rice varieties on seed production and yield in North Sumatra aims to evaluate superior varieties that are adaptable and high-yielding, as well as produce quality seeds in North Sumatra to support the sustainability of certified rice seeds. The research was conducted in the IP2TP Pasar Miring from October 2021 to January 2022. The experimental design was a randomized block design with 3 (three) replications and 10 tested varieties (Ciherang, Mekongga, Cibogo, Inpari 16, Inpari 30, Inpari 32, Inpari 42, Inpari 43, Inpari 44, inpari 48, and Inpari Nutrizinc). The soil was perfectly cultivated, and the planting system was legowo 2:1, the spacing was 30 cm between rows, 15 cm within rows and 50 cm between rows (legowo). Among the ten varieties studied, Inpari 32 (6,159.00 kg/ha), Ciherang (5,738.67 kg/ha), and Mekongga (5,625.00 kg/ha) have the highest yields. Meanwhile, most seeds were produced by Inpari 32, which produced 4,575 tons/ha, followed by Ciherang (4,378 tons/ha) and Mekongga (4,073 tons/ha). Seed producers must pay attention to the market when producing seeds, which are seeds that are widely developed at the farmer level or varieties that consumers, both traders and farmers prefer.
Building Sustainability Through Port Integration: A Case Study PT Pelabuhan Indonesia
Authors: Pasaribu D
Published: June 2023

Port Integration through the merger of PT Pelabuhan Indonesia I, II, III, and IV in 2021 sets one of its goals to ensure sustainable port development (sustainable effort). One of the main services of PT Pelabuhan Indonesia is the Container Terminal service which includes 63 Ports / Container Terminals in Indonesia which constitutes 95% of the total traffic of Indonesian Containers, of which from the number of Containers handled is the 8th largest in the world, is a strategic position that needs to be ensured the sustainability of its function. Indonesia’s container traffic has grown in the last 20 years with a CAGR of 6.75%. This growth is influenced by several variables including the number of inhabitants, area, and distance between the city and the port. This study analyzes the relationship between variables and benefits of port integration to the growth and sustainability of container terminal development in a sample of ports/terminals managed by PT Pelabuhan Indonesia. The study concluded that port integration supports sustainable port development.
The Effect of Asset Management on Company Performance at PT Perkebunan Nusantara IV
Authors: Banjarnahor T J , Bukit R
Published: June 2023

This study aims to examine and analyze the effect of asset management on company performance at PT Perkebunan Nusantara IV. Asset management elements consist of asset inventory, legal audit, asset valuation, fixed asset optimization and asset monitoring and control. The objects of this research are employees who know about asset management at PT Perkenunan Nusantara IV. The number of samples in this study was 38 people. The sampling technique used is saturated samples. Data analysis was carried out using the Partial Least Square (PLS) method and was evaluated using the SmartPLS 3 tool using a second-order reflective factor approach. The test results show that asset management has a positive and significant effect on company performance.
Artificial Rivers: Conservation of Cultural Heritage in the Context of Environmental, Regulation and Community Culture Issues (Case Study in Banjarmasin)
Authors: Wasita  , Sunarningsih
Published: June 2023

Artificial rivers are one of the objects of cultural heritage that has not been studied, in both archaeology and its preservation. Preservation of artificial rivers is related to environmental issues, namely waste disposal in rivers, settlements on river banks, and flooding. Both studies are beneficial for the preservation of the artificial river. In this regard, this paper intended to gain the causes of unsustainability and its solutions. This paper uses a qualitative-descriptive method. The data were collected through field observations, interviews, and literature studies. The analysis is descriptive to find out the causes of unsustainability. As a result, the causes of unsustainability and steps for its preservation include implementing regulations, supporting stakeholders, and reinventing the culture of river use. The application of regulations is related to the use of the border and disposal of waste in the river. Meanwhile, cultural reinvention of river utilization (not only as a transportation route but also as a river tourism activity) is obligatory to be executed to provide profit to the community and support river conservation.
Assessment of today’s condition of Modernist architecture in Skopje in terms of energy efficiency and authentic architectural appearance using actor network theory
Authors: Sofronievska L Dimevska , Mihajlovska T , Gavriloska A Trombeva , Cvetkovska M , Marina O
Published: June 2023

The identity of the city of Skopje was completely lost after the earthquake in 1963. The buildings from the post – earthquake period were built in Modernist architectural style and they play a major role in creating the new identity of the city. On the other hand, in terms of energy efficiency, these buildings have very poor thermal properties. In order to improve the energy efficiency, retrofit interventions have been constantly implemented and their authentic appearance has been significantly compromised. Many buildings have already been changed to an unrecognizable state, which degrades the architectural identity of Skopje. In order to explore the connection and implication between the reconstruction of the city and the current condition of the buildings in terms of materials, thermal properties, authenticity, degradation and retrofit measures, the methodology of actor network theory (ANT) has been used. The results showed that certain type of buildings are the most vulnerable ones in terms of their energy efficiency issues, sustainability, authentic appearance and in process of significant degradation.
Climate change impacts on heating and cooling energy demand in residential building units. Application in the city of Thessaloniki, Greece
Authors: Tsoka S , Velikou K
Published: June 2023

The present study aims to evaluate the effect of climate change on the heating and cooling energy needs of a residential building unit, located in the city of Thessaloniki, Greece. Future weather files have been generated using both statistical and dynamical downscaling methods. In the first case, the Meteonorm weather generator was used to generate a future weather file, while for the dynamic downscaling approach, the Hadley Regional Model 3 (HRM3), coupled with Hadley Climate Model 3 was employed. The generated future weather datasets have been then used as an input parameter in the dynamic energy performance simulations of the residential building unit with Energy Plus. For all examined weather datasets, the simulation results show a decrease of the heating energy use, an effect that is strongly counterbalanced by the rise of the cooling energy demand.
Towards a Comprehensive Understanding of the Housing Problem: A Compact Analytical Framework with Reference to Saudi Arabia
Authors: Asfour O S
Published: June 2023

The housing problem has attracted great attention since the industrial revolution to improve sustainability and well-being of our cities. The main cause of the problem is a lack of sufficient housing supply coupled with the rapid increase of the global population and the associated socio-economic challenges. However, this problem should not be merely presented as an issue of supply and demand. Instead, housing problem analysis should consider multiple interacting factors. Therefore, this study aims to summarise the causes, impacts, and solutions of the contemporary housing problem using a compact analytical framework. This framework offers a systematic thinking approach to understanding the magnitude and dimensions of the problem and offers solutions based on international recommendations. This problem is investigated using a descriptive analytical approach for the case of Saudi Arabia. The study concludes that systematic strategic thinking is vital in housing problem analysis. In this regard, it is more practical to divide the causes, impacts, and solutions of the problem into main and secondary factors. It is also essential to set a national housing target to be achieved within a given period to ensure proper availability for all people deprived of housing.
A Novel Geo-Based Ranking Method for Selection of the Most Suitable NBSs
Authors: Pirouz B , Palermo S A , Turco M , Frega F , Ferrante A P , Falco S , Maiolo M
Published: June 2023

There are many types of Nature-Based Solutions (NBS), such as intensive/extensive green roofs, green walls, retention ponds, Bioretention cells, treatment wetlands, river restoration, urban parks, and infiltration trenches. Each could contribute to one or more sustainable development goals as some can improve the ecosystem, some improve water resources, or mitigate urban flooding. Implementing the most suitable NBS in each area needs multidisciplinary perspective analysis by considering circular economy principles and the available resources that exhibit the importance of ranking the possible NBS that could be geo-based. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to develop a novel ranking method for selecting the best NBSs in each area, which depends on plenty of geo-based variables such as climate type, water resource, economy, environment, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and so forth. The developed dynamic geo-based ranking method has been validated through case-based assessment in different regions, confirming the proposed method’s effectiveness. In conclusion, the developed method could rank the selected NBS in each location, and according to geo-based information, it could show the implementation of the most suitable NBS, thus improving their role in the circular city.
What do stakeholders expect from an integrated system for informing social partners and decision makers in digital monitoring of CO2 storage
Authors: Mendrinos D , Vladut G
Published: June 2023

The authors participate in DigiMon international project (“Digital monitoring of CO2 storage projects”), which aims to develop a next generation human centred monitoring system for CO2 geological storage sites. It includes newly developed subsurface imaging technologies based on seismic fibre optic and gravity surveying. In addition, the SEL methodology was developed, which provides an assessment framework to understand which technical and non-technical aspects still need to be improved in order to implement CCS and its monitoring system successfully. Application of the SEL methodology based on socio-economic research carried out in Norway, Netherlands, Germany and Greece, identified what do stakeholders expect from a monitoring system. In this paper, the authors provide hints on how the outcomes of the international project DigiMon can be integrated within a Decision Support System (DSS) in order to assist the operator to follow up and manage CCS operation. The role of DSS is to assist data access, reservoir modelling, results interpretation and development of alternative solutions. The key stakeholders (decision makers) that must be kept informed are determined by National legislation. Their role is to assess environmental risk and manage emergency crises, if and when they occur. Processed data can be transmitted exclusively to them and can also be presented on regional maps, highlighting possible mitigation scenarios and intervention measures.
Environmental sustainability assessment of excavation, construction, and demolition waste conditions and practices across Greece and Cyprus
Authors: Pavlides T , Vardopoulos I , Papamichael I , Voukkali I , Stylianos M , Zorpas A A
Published: June 2023

The construction industry led by the real estate sector plays a significant role in the environmental performance. Excavation, construction, and demolition waste are important waste generators in Europe. Many of the materials are recyclable or reusable, however rates of reuse and recycling vary greatly across Europe. The objective of this preliminary research is to analyse the excavation, construction, and demolition waste conditions that have prevailed in recent years throughout Europe, with a focus on Greece and Cyprus, considering the scarce coverage of this specific subject matter. The study outlines the excavation, construction, and demolition waste management principles and trends, as well as the methods for prevention, reduction, reuse, and recycling. Findings suggest a) an increase of the excavation, construction, and demolition waste, in connection with the construction industry growth, b) uncontrolled disposal is a common practice, which, however, severely pollutes the environment, and c) policymakers advocate for circular economy integration strategies. The current analysis argues that the answer to the efficient management of excavation, construction, and demolition waste involves prevention policies development, long-term strategic planning across all levels, as well as treatment, reuse, and recycling in waste management establishments using vertically integrated operations.
A comparative assessment of building sustainability schemes in Norway
Authors: Wiik M K , Homaei S , Henke L , Fufa S M , Knoth K
Published: June 2023

Various schemes are established to evaluate the sustainability of buildings during their life cycle. These schemes introduce a range of evaluation criteria and indicators and are periodically revised to align with current sustainability trends. This study reviews leading schemes in Norway, and compares their scope, similarities, limitations, and advantages. The review is carried out against a proposed office building in Oslo, Norway. The paper evaluates how the schemes comply with the EU taxonomy and Norwegian building regulations. The schemes are assessed through a literature review and interviews with programme operators. Common sustainability criteria are identified and reviewed. In addition, a comparison of how the schemes address the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals is conducted. The comparative assessment provides a valuable and practical reference and decision support for project owners in Norway to select the appropriate scheme for their construction project.
Analyzing embodied energy and embodied water for university buildings using input-output-based hybrid method
Authors: Dixit M K , Pradeep Kumar P , Shanbhag S S
Published: June 2023

Buildings present a unique opportunity to not just effectively decrease global energy use but also drastically reduce nearly 40% of global carbon emissions to help mitigate the ongoing climate change. Although most of the building energy use is attributed to building operations as operational energy (OE), a portion of it is termed embodied energy (EE) that is consumed in building construction, transportation, and material production activities. EE of a building, therefore, includes energy consumed directly in onsite and offsite construction and transportation and indirectly through material consumption since each construction material consumes energy in its production and transportation. Like EE, buildings also consume significant amounts of fresh water directly and indirectly as embodied water (EW) in their construction, which is becoming a major concern globally. As fresh water is also depleted in producing and refining energy sources used as EE, a portion of this EW is attributed to energy-related water use (EREW). Most research so far has been focusing on the energy and carbon emission dimensions of buildings overlooking the equally important aspect of water use, which is also crucial for delivering a truly environmentally sustainable building. In this study, an input-output-based hybrid (IOH) model is created to compute and compare EE and EW of 10 higher education buildings and examine the correlation of the calculated EE and EW values. The results demonstrate that the total EE and electricity EE of the study buildings share a very strong positive correlation (r2 = 0.93-0.99) with the buildings’ total EW at the building level. This correlation, however, weakens at the material level. The share of EREW in the total EW ranges from 9-13%, which indicates that reducing just EE may not help decrease EW, and additional efforts may be needed to address EW and reduce fresh water use in building construction.
Environmental impact assessment of on-site and off-site construction logistics activities – A case study analysis from Norway
Authors: Fufa Selamawit Mamo , Venås Christoffer
Published: June 2023

Construction site activities are one of the main contributors to GHG emissions in the construction industry. There are several on-going initiatives on finding low and zero emission solutions for reducing GHG emission from construction sites. The objective of this paper is to investigate the emission reduction potential from fossil and emission free on-site and off-site construction logistic activities based on actual data collected from a case study from Oslo. The paper firstly presents definitions and step wise approach for fossil free and emission free construction site activities. Then, GHG emission calculation from the logistic activities using LCA methods and scenario analysis to evaluate the environmental performance of fossil and emission free solutions considered in the selected case study. The results illustrated the GHG emission reduction potential from electrification of construction machineries and transport of material, collaboration between construction site for more efficient use and reuse of excavated masses, modal shift for transport of materials as well as the importance of clear description of the system boundary and background data. Availability of electric machinery, electrified means of transport and sufficient electricity supply, lack of requirements for low-emission material transport solutions, lack of data for LCA studies are identified as some challenges. Moreover, the study highlighted the potential contribution of increased demand for emission free solutions through public procurement to facilitate a change in the industry by overcoming these barriers.
Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of refurbishment alternatives for façade assemblies typically used in existing buildings in the Mediterranean region in Spain
Authors: Braulio-Gonzalo Marta , Jorge-Ortiz Andrea , Bovea María D. , Ibáñez-Forés Valeria
Published: June 2023

The building sector is a major contributor to the environmental impact in the European Union due to energy consumed, extraction of resources and greenhouse gas emissions. Particularly, the existing building stock represents a greater challenge than new constructions, since up to 85% of the buildings existing in 2050 have already been built. The extensive lifespan of buildings mean that construction assemblies remain standing for long periods of time, which accounts for most of the embodied environmental impact and affects its energy performance during the use stage. Also, because the façade surfaces generally cover most of the building envelope, they have strong potential to reduce existing buildings’ environmental impacts and energy consumption, when undertaking major refurbishments. This paper aims to compare the environmental performance of different refurbishment alternatives for façade assemblies typically used in existing buildings in the Mediterranean region in Spain. For this purpose, a three-step methodology based on a life cycle approach was applied: (I) Identification of existing façade assemblies and their related refurbishment alternatives, (II) Bill of Materials, and (III) Environmental, cost and energetic impact of each façade and their refurbishment alternatives were analysed with the Life Cycle Assessment and Life Cycle Cost methodologies and U-values calculation, respectively. The results were used to draw conclusions to help construction sector practitioners, such as building designers and contractors, to make decisions during the design and construction stages in major renovation projects. They could also be used to select the optimum façade refurbishment alternatives, aiming at nearly zero-energy buildings.
Life cycle-based parametric optimization of buildings towards climate neutrality and its implications for environmental protection
Authors: Vollmer M , Theilig K , Takser I , Reitberger R , Lang W
Published: June 2023

The climate crisis represents the greatest challenge to be solved by the current generation, according to the European Union. In relation to this, the building sector plays a crucial role since it is responsible for around 37% of the global CO2 emissions. To meet the internationally and nationally defined targets for climate neutrality, different strategies such as changing the energy systems or increasing energy efficiency are applied to reduce the CO2 emissions during the use phase of buildings. However, the current strategy has major deficits since essential parts of a building’s life cycle (e.g. embedded emissions of the building construction) are neglected. In addition to climate protection, environmental protection is another global and national goal which is neglected by only focusing on the CO2 emissions. Since ecosystems provide vital ecosystem services for the survival of present and future generations, environmental protection is crucial to be considered. To show the effects of these current, limited approaches, this study displays and compares different parametric optimization strategies, such as focus on the use stage and focus on the whole life cycle of buildings, using thermal building simulations. To analyze the different approaches, the assessment boundaries are extended to the whole life cycle of buildings (product, use, refurbishment, and end-of-life) and to further environmental indicators (global warming/acidification/eutrophication potential). The results show that reducing the global warming potential (GWP) (unit: CO2-eq.) not necessarily implies a reduction regarding the acidification potential (AP) and eutrophication potential (EP). In fact, in some cases, the AP and EP are higher after a CO2-eq. focused optimization process. As a result, to plan and implement buildings and cities in a climate and ecological friendly manner, the current horizon of consideration must be expanded, and a multi-criteria optimization approach needs to be implemented as demonstrated.