bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Human Pegivirus Infection during High Risk Pregnancy and its Vertical Transmission to the Newborn
Authors: Hassan Hatem Mohamed , Elmaaty Eman Abo , Aboulenaga Marwa W , Armaneous Ayman F , Shahba Mohamed A. , Youness Eman R.
Published: October 2024

Human Pegivirus (HPgV-1), which was known as hepatitis G virus (HGV) or GB virus C (GBV-C) is a single – stranded positive RNA virus belonging to the genus Pegivirus of Flaviviridae family. Its genomic organization is similar to that of HCV with which it has only 25% homology at the nucleotide level. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of HPgV-1 among high risk pregnant women (with HCV infection or history of previous blood transfusion) and normal pregnant women. In addition to detect the vertical transmission of the virus to their newborns. Thirty term high risk and thirty term normal pregnant females were screened for HPgV-1 RNA using the reverse transcription PCR technique. HPgV-1 was detected in six females among those who have HCV infection (33.3%) and in two females among recipients of blood transfusion (16.6%), also it was detected in one female of the control group (3.3%). The outcome of newborns showed three newborns with HPgV-1 infection out of six born to the females who have both HCV and HPgV-1 infection and one newborn of the infected mother of the control group, however, liver functions of the newborns were in the normal range for age requiring long term follow up.
Antiproliferative and Apoptotic Effects of Solenostemma argel Leaf Extracts on Colon Cancer Cell Line HCT-116
Authors: Maad Abdullah H. , AL-Gamli Abdullah H. , Shamarekh Khaled Sh. , Refat Moath , Shayoub Mohammed E.
Published: October 2024

Colorectal cancer ranks as the fourth most frequent cause of cancer-related fatalities on a global scale. The present study aims at assessing the anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects of Solenostemma argel extract on colorectal cancer cells (HCT-116). The antiproliferative activity was investigated using Sulfo-Rhodamine-B (SRB) assay and the apoptotic effects were demonstrated utilizing acridine orange/ ethidium bromide (AO/EB) staining method. The antiproliferative results demonstrated that the extract exhibited dose-dependent antiproliferative activity, with an IC50 value of 85.3 μg/ml. The apoptosis results clearly demonstrated the ability of the methanolic extract of Solenostemma argel in inducing apoptosis in HCT-116 cancer cells. In conclusion, the investigation highlights the considerable antiproliferative and apoptotic impacts of Solenostemma argel leaf extract on HCT-116 colorectal cancer cells. This underscores its potential as a promising chemopreventive agent specifically targeting HCT-116 colon cancer cells.
Study the Occurrence of Mycobacterium Bovis in Tuberculosis of Peripheral Lymph Nodes and its Effect on the Course of the Disease.
Authors: Parpieva Nargiza Nusratovna , Adilkhodzhaev Askar Anvarovich , Muminova Zarifa Abdiraubovna
Published: October 2024

The incidence of tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium bovis, not only the pulmonary form, but also the form developing in the extrapulmonary organs, is also increasing from year to year. Despite the large number of EPTB, TBPLN occupies a leading place among diseases of this type and the study of its pathogenic strains is an urgent task in ensuring the effectiveness of treatment. In this regard, the main purpose of the presented manuscript is to determine the frequency of M. bovis in TBPLN, its effect on the development and course of the disease, as well as the effectiveness of treatment. For this purpose, for the first time, the features of education that occur in patients in peripheral lymph nodes using instrumental methods of ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging have been identified. In subsequent studies, 110 patients with peripheral lymph node pathology were diagnosed with TBPLN by detecting mycobacteria in pathological material using general hematological, microbiological and gene-molecular (Gene Xpert) methods. In order to ensure the high effectiveness of drugs used for medicinal purposes, strains of the pathogen were detected using histological, cytological studies, BCG test and specific analyzes such as Diaskintest, Quantiferon test, immunological tests. The study showed that about 80% of patients had M bovis in the overall assessment, 76.4% of patients were sensitive to rifampicin, 9.1% of patients had rifampicin-resistant bacteria, and 14.5% of patients did not have mycobacteria. Therapeutic measures were carried out in 2 different modes, such as standard and individual or with replacement, when all patients were divided into 2 groups. During the period from the 56-day intensive phase of standard treatment to the 84-day intensive phase, a total of 40 patients had a sharp decrease in lymph nodes, elimination of purulent inflammation, and after a while 22 patients in this group had a relapse. In the individual treatment regimen, Levofloxacin and linezolid were used instead of pyrazinamide. While the effectiveness of treatment was achieved in 48 patients of group II after 56 and 84 days of the intensive phase, relapses after a certain time were observed in only 6 patients. When choosing an individual treatment regimen in patients diagnosed with M. bovis, a decrease in relapses to 11.5% is achieved. When M. bovis is detected, an individual scheme of antibacterial treatment of tuberculosis is selected, in which, instead of pyrazinamide, it is recommended to choose one of the reserve lines, depending on the sensitivity of the pathogen to drugs.
Pharmacotherapy Effectiveness in Treating Mental Disorders in Kosovo's Specialized Institutions
Authors: Alidema Fitim , Alidema Arieta Hasani , Alidema Mirzade , Alidema Flakron
Published: October 2024

Abstract: In various global regions, specialized institutions rigorously supervise pharmacological treatments for mental health disorders. In Kosovo, the absence of such dedicated infrastructure highlights the need for continuous evaluations to refine and enhance treatment practices. Objective: This study evaluates the effectiveness of pharmacotherapeutic strategies for mental health disorders at specialized centers in Kosovo. Methodology: The research followed the protocols set by the World Health Organization (WHO). Patient data were collected from medical records. A total of 400 patients were analyzed, selected randomly from different cities with sample sizes ranging from 50 to 90 per city. Results: Medication was administered orally in 106.8% of the cases, with no significant differences in administration methods between centers (Chi-Test = 36, p > 0.22) (Tab. 4). Most prescribed medications were classified as non-essential (85.9%). Of the medications prescribed, 69.2% were antipsychotics, 22.3% were anxiolytics, and 14.8% were antidepressants, making up 100% of all drugs used. Conclusion: In Kosovo's mental health facilities, oral administration is the predominant method (PO), with 22.9% of cases involving parenteral administration. The majority of prescribed medications were non-essential (85.9%). Antipsychotics were the most commonly prescribed (69.2%). Often, second-line medications are used as the initial treatment choice. The use of effective but high-risk medications is common (e.g., Clozapine at 100.0% from the SDA group). Ineffective medications were observed in 2.50% of cases, and a misalignment between treatment and drug indications occurred in 7.50% of cases.
Phytochemicals and Toxicity of the Extract from Cosmos caudatus Leaves
Authors: Senjaya Asep Arifin , Supariani Ni Nyoman Dewi , Sirat Ni Made
Published: October 2024

The efficacy of traditional medicines is related to the complexity of the chemical properties of the drugs. Cosmos caudatus Kunth is a traditional medicinal plant with therapeutic properties. This study aimed to determine the chemical compounds contained in C. caudatus Kunth leaves and their toxicity. Toxicity tests were conducted on 24 male mice (Mus musculus) divided into one control group consisting of aguadest and five treatment groups consisting of C. caudatus Kunth ethanol extract at doses of 125mg/kg bw, 250mg/kg bw, 500mg/kg bw, 1g/kg bw, and 2g/kg bw. Phytochemical analysis showed that the ethanol extract of C. caudatus Kunth leaves contained alkaloids, tannins, phenols, flavonoids, and saponins. The highest levels of alkaloids, tannins, phenols, and flavonoids were found in the ethanol extract of C. caudatus Kunth leaves fractionated with aqua, while the highest level of saponins was found in the aqua fractionation extract. The highest test dose of 2g/kg bw did not cause poisoning or death in mice. There were no significant differences in liver weight (p=0.14), kidney weight (p=0.44), or creatinine (p=0.21) between the control and treatment groups. Histopathological examination of the liver showed severe hydropic degeneration that was not significantly different between the control and treatment groups. Renal histopathology showed significant differences between the control and treatment groups. Conclusion: ethanol extract of C. caudatus Kunth leaves contains alkaloids, tannins, phenols, flavonoids and saponins. A dose of 2 g/kg bw of ethanol extract of C. caudatus Kunth leaves was not toxic to mice, but most of the mice's livers experienced severe damage.
Neural network-based chaotic shift keying communication scheme
Authors: Duan Lian , Gao Xiaojing , Zeng Yijun , Peng Chengyu , Qin Xi , Wei Jiazheng , Li Zhaoyang , Cheng Mengfan
Published: October 2024

Chaos-based secure communication technology can provide secure protection for the information transmission at the physical layer. In this paper, a neural network-based chaos shift keying communication scheme is proposed. This scheme carries digital information by altering the underlying time-delayed dynamical mapping relationships of the system. It utilizes the nonlinear modeling capability of neural networks to extract and judge the underlying time-delayed dynamical mapping relationships, thus achieving demodulation without the need for physical synchronization. In numerical simulations, the scheme exhibits high noise resistance and can effectively resist return mapping attacks and time delay signature extraction, providing possibilities for secure communication under poor conditions.
Cost-effectiveness of a patient-reported outcome-based remote monitoring and alert intervention for early detection of critical recovery after joint replacement: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Schöner Lukas , Kuklinski David , Wittich Laura , Steinbeck Viktoria , Langenberger Benedikt , Breitkreuz Thorben , Compes Felix , Kretzler Mathias , Marschall Ursula , Klauser Wolfgang , Citak Mustafa , Matziolis Georg , Schrednitzki Daniel , Grasböck Kim , Vogel Justus , Pross Christoph , Busse Reinhard , Geissler Alexander
Published: October 2024

Background

While the effectiveness of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) as an intervention to impact patient pathways has been established for cancer care, it is unknown for other indications. We assessed the cost-effectiveness of a PROM-based monitoring and alert intervention for early detection of critical recovery paths following hip and knee replacement.

Methods and findings

The cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) is based on a multicentre randomised controlled trial encompassing 3,697 patients with hip replacement and 3,110 patients with knee replacement enrolled from 2019 to 2020 in 9 German hospitals. The analysis was conducted with a subset of 546 hip and 492 knee replacement cases with longitudinal cost data from 24 statutory health insurances. Patients were randomised 1:1 to a PROM-based remote monitoring and alert intervention or to a standard care group. All patients were assessed at 12-months post-surgery via digitally collected PROMs. Patients within the intervention group were additionally assessed at 1-, 3-, and 6-months post-surgery to be contacted in case of critical recovery paths. For the effect evaluation, a PROM-based composite measure (PRO-CM) was developed, combining changes across various PROMs in a single index ranging from 0 to 100. The PRO-CM included 6 PROMs focused on quality of life and various aspects of physical and mental health. The primary outcome was the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). The intervention group showed incremental outcomes of 2.54 units PRO-CM (95% confidence interval (CI) [0.93, 4.14]; p = 0.002) for patients with hip and 0.87 (95% CI [−0.94, 2.67]; p = 0.347) for patients with knee replacement. Within the 12-months post-surgery period the intervention group had less costs of 376.43€ (95% CI [−639.74, −113.12]; p = 0.005) in patients with hip, and 375.50€ (95% CI [−767.40, 16.39]; p = 0.060) in patients with knee replacement, revealing a dominant ICER for both procedures. However, it remains unclear which step of the multistage intervention contributes most to the positive effect.

Conclusions

The intervention significantly improved patient outcomes at lower costs in patients with hip replacements when compared with standard care. Further it showed a nonsignificant cost reduction in knee replacement patients. This reinforces the notion that PROMs can be utilised as a cost-effective instrument for remote monitoring in standard care settings.

Trial registration

Registration: German Register for Clinical Studies (DRKS) under DRKS00019916.
Adsorption of Congo red on magnetic cobalt-manganese ferrite nanoparticles: Adsorption kinetic, isotherm, thermodynamics, and electrochemistry
Authors: Zhang Xiajun , Xia Youchao , Wang Zhou
Published: October 2024

Magnetic Co0.5Mn0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles were successfully prepared via the combustion and calcination process, with an average particle diameter of 31.5 nm and a saturation magnetization of 25.25 emu·g-1, they were employed to adsorbe Congo red (CR) from wastewater, the Pseudo-second-order kinetic and Freundlich isotherm were consistent with the adsorption data, indicating that their adsorption was a multilayer chemisorption process, the thermodynamic investigation showed that the adsorption was a favored exothermic process. The ionic strength of Cl- in CR solution had no obvious effect on the adsorption efficiency of Co0.5Mn0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles, and the maximum adsorbance was 58.3 mg·g-1 at pH 2, decreasing as the pH of the CR solutions increased from 2 to 12. The ion leaching experiment and XRD demonstrated that Co0.5Mn0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles had excellent stability, and the relative removal rate was 93.85% of the first time after 7 cycles. Cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy demonstrated that CR was adsorbed onto Co0.5Mn0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles, and the electrical conductivity of Co0.5Mn0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles decreased after adsorption of CR. Magnetic Co0.5Mn0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles displayed a promising application in wastewater treatment.
Infection detection revolution: Harnessing AI-powered image analysis to combat infectious diseases
Authors: Ahsan Muhammad , Damaševičius Robertas
Published: October 2024

Infectious diseases wield significant influence on global mortality rates, largely due to the challenge of gauging their severity owing to diverse symptomatology. Each nation grapples with its unique obstacles in combatting these diseases. This study delves into three distinct decision-making methodologies for medical diagnostics employing Neutrosophic Hypersoft Set (NHSS) and Plithogenic Hypersoft Set (PHSS), extensions of the Hypersoft set. It introduces state-of-the-art AI-driven techniques to enhance the precision of medical diagnostics through the analysis of medical imagery. By transforming these images into the aforementioned sets, the analysis becomes more refined, facilitating more accurate diagnoses. The study advocates various courses of action, including isolation, home or specialized center quarantine, or hospitalization for further treatment. The novelty in this study utilizes cutting-edge AI methods to enhance medical imaging, transforming them into accurate diagnostic tools, marking a significant change in how infectious diseases are addressed. By combining machine learning and pattern recognition, it offers the potential to overhaul healthcare worldwide, facilitating accurate diagnoses and customized treatment plans, ultimately reducing the global burden of infectious diseases on mortality rates.
Projections of temperature and precipitation changes in Xinjiang from 2021 to 2050 based on the CMIP6 model
Authors: Zhang Yunlei , Zhang Pei , Gu Xinchen , Long Aihua
Published: October 2024

Xinjiang is one of the most sensitive regions in China in terms of its response to climate change. Against the background of global warming, analyses and predictions using different scenarios for Xinjiang should be conducted. The spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and trends of future temperature and precipitation trends should be considered to provide a scientific basis for the government to respond to future climate change. In this paper, using the CN05.1 dataset and seven models from the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, the delta downscaling method is used to predict the temperature and precipitation changes in Xinjiang Province from 2021 to 2050 under the SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5 scenarios. The results show that (1) most models of CMIP6 have a good effect on temperature simulation in Xinjiang, and the mean values as well as the trends of the temperatures expressed by the multi-model ensemble averaging are in good agreement with the observed data and have a high degree of confidence. The observed precipitation increase rate is significantly higher than that predicted by the model, and the simulation results of each model overestimate the precipitation. (2) The mean annual temperatures in the Xinjiang region increase at rates of 0.32°C/10 a, 0.46°C/10 a, 0.47°C/10 a and 0.67°C/10 a, respectively, under the four scenarios. The rates of temperature increase in the four seasons exhibit the following pattern: autumn > summer > spring > winter. (3) From 2021 to 2050, the average annual precipitation in Xinjiang will change at rates of 3.95 mm/10 a, 1.90 mm/10 a, 2.50 mm/10 a, and 8.67 mm/10 a, respectively, under the four scenarios. The precipitation amounts predicted under the different scenarios increase at the slowest rates in winter and at faster rates in spring. Spatially, the precipitation in the whole Xinjiang region under the four scenarios shows an increasing trend. Overall, except for the SSP1-2.6 scenario, the rates of increase in precipitation increase gradually in all seasons during the future period as the emission scenarios increase. Overall, the climate of the Xinjiang region will be characterized by warming and humidification from 2021 to 2050.
Modeling health risks using neural network ensembles
Authors: Smith Brandon M. , Criminisi Antonio , Sorek Noam , Harari Yaar , Sood Neeraj , Heymsfield Steven B.
Published: October 2024

This study aims to demonstrate that demographics combined with biometrics can be used to predict obesity related chronic disease risk and produce a health risk score that outperforms body mass index (BMI)—the most commonly used biomarker for obesity. We propose training an ensemble of small neural networks to fuse demographics and biometrics inputs. The categorical outputs of the networks are then turned into a multi-dimensional risk map, which associates diverse inputs with stratified, output health risk. Our ensemble model is optimized and validated on disjoint subsets of nationally representative data (N~100,000) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). To broaden applicability of the proposed method, we consider only non-invasive inputs that can be easily measured through modern devices. Our results show that: (a) neural networks can predict individual conditions (e.g., diabetes, hypertension) or the union of multiple (e.g., nine) health conditions; (b) Softmax model outputs can be used to stratify individual- or any-condition risk; (c) ensembles of neural networks improve generalizability; (d) multiple-input models outperform BMI (e.g., 75.1% area under the receiver operator curve for eight-input, any-condition models compared to 64.2% for BMI); (e) small neural networks are as effective as larger ones for the inference tasks considered; the proposed models are small enough that they can be expressed as human-readable equations, and they can be adapted to clinical settings to identify high-risk, undiagnosed populations.
New enantiornithine diversity in the Hell Creek Formation and the functional morphology of the avisaurid tarsometatarsus
Authors: Clark Alexander D. , Atterholt Jessie , Scannella John B. , Carroll Nathan , O’Connor Jingmai K.
Published: October 2024

Enantiornithines were the most diverse group of birds during the Cretaceous, comprising over half of all known species from this period. The fossil record and subsequently our knowledge of this clade is heavily skewed by the wealth of material from Lower Cretaceous deposits in China. In contrast, specimens from Upper Cretaceous deposits are rare and typically fragmentary, yet critical for understanding the extinction of this clade across the K-Pg boundary. The most complete North American Late Cretaceous enantiornithine is Mirarce eatoni, a member of the diverse clade Avisauridae. Except for Mirarce, avisaurids are known only from isolated hindlimb elements from North and South America. Here we describe three new enantiornithines from the Maastrichtian Hell Creek Formation, two of which represent new avisaurid taxa. These materials represent a substantial increase in the known diversity of Enantiornithes in the latest Cretaceous. Re-examination of material referred to Avisauridae through phylogenetic analysis provides strong support for a more exclusive Avisauridae consisting of six taxa. Exploration of the functional morphology of the avisaurid tarsometatarsus indicates potential strong constriction and raptorial attributes. The lower aspect ratio of the tarsometatarsus facilitates a more biomechanically efficient lever system which in extant birds of prey equates to lifting proportionally heavier prey items. In addition, the proportional size and distal position of the m. tibialis cranialis tubercle of the tarsometatarsus is similar to the morphology seen in extant birds of prey. Together with the deeply-grooved metatarsal trochlea facilitating robust and likely powerful pedal digits, morphologies of the hindlimb suggest avisaurids as Late Cretaceous birds of prey.
Dental education amid armed conflict in Sudan: Unveiling the impact on training
Authors: Mahgoub Esra Abdallah Abdalwahed , Osman Samar , Haga Musab Babiker , Khairy Amna , Osman Sarah Hashim Mohammed , Abbu Hassan Abubker Mohammed , Ssemwanga Nassifu , Elgaali Eiman Gamal , Taha Mohamed H.
Published: October 2024

The ongoing conflict in Sudan has severely disrupted the health professions education, notably in dentistry. This study aims to explore the impact of the armed conflict on dental education and training. A mixed-method cross-sectional study encompassed 29 dental schools in Khartoum, Darfur, Kordofan States, and Merowe City. Five key informants from the Sudanese Medical Specialization Board, the Human Resource Development Administration, and a university offering clinical dental master’s programs were interviewed. Quantitative data on attacks against dental schools were collected through a structured Google form, and qualitative data on postgraduate training were obtained through semi-structured key informant interviews. Findings reveal that 79.3% of dental schools faced military assaults, with 73.9% experiencing looting and 60.9% repurposed as military bases. Notably, 44.8% of schools shifted to online education,3.4% collaborated with other universities, and 27.6% adopted a combined approach. Key informants’ interviews unveiled disruptions in specialty training and housemanship, limiting access to crucial training facilities. The primary proposed solution was overseas training. Recurrently emphasized strategies to enhance the resilience of the training system included establishing dental centers in all states, collaborating with external training bodies, and anticipating and preparing for potential disasters. The adverse effects of the conflict on both undergraduate and postgraduate dental education are discernible, manifested through resource limitations, a shortage of dental materials and supplies within training facilities, and direct disruptions to clinical training due to attacks on healthcare institutions. The imperative need for urgent interventions is underscored to alleviate these consequences and safeguard the continuity of educational and training efforts.
Genotype distribution and allele frequency of thioester-containing protein 1(Tep1) and its effect on development of Plasmodium oocyst in populations of Anopheles arabiensis in Ethiopia
Authors: Tsegaye Arega , Demissew Assalif , Abossie Ashenafi , Getachew Hallelujah , Habtamu Kassahun , Degefa Teshome , Wang Xiaoming , Lee Ming-Chieh , Zhong Daibin , Kazura James W. , Yan Guiyun , Yewhalaw Delenasaw
Published: October 2024

Background

Thioester-containing protein 1 (TEP1) is a crucial component of mosquitoes’ natural resistance to parasites. To effectively combat malaria, there is a need to better understand how TEP1 polymorphism affects phenotypic traits during infections. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the Tep1 genotype frequency in malaria vector populations from south-western Ethiopia and investigate its effect on Plasmodium oocyst development in Anopheles arabiensis populations.

Methods

Using standard dippers, Anopheles mosquito larvae were collected from aquatic habitats in Asendabo, Arjo Dedessa, and Gambella in 2019 and 2020. Collected larvae were reared to adults and identified morphologically. Female An. gambiae s.l. were allowed to feed on infected blood containing the same number of gametocytes obtained from P. falciparum and P. vivax gametocyte-positive individuals using indirect membrane feeding methods. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was used to identify An. gambiae s.l. sibling species. Three hundred thirty An. gambiae s.l. were genotyped using Restricted Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) PCR and sub samples were sequenced to validate the TEP1 genotyping.

Results

Among the 330 samples genotyped, two TEP1 alleles, TEP1*S1 (82% frequency) and TEP1*R1 (18% frequency), were identified. Three equivalent genotypes, TEP1*S1/S1, TEP1*R1/R1, and TEP1*S1/R1, had mean frequencies of 65.15%, 2.12%, and 32.73%, respectively. The nucleotide diversity was ranging from 0.36554 to 0. 46751 while haplotype diversity ranged from 0.48871 to 0.63161, across all loci. All sample sites had positive Tajima’s D and Fu’s Fs values. There was a significant difference in the TEP1 allele frequency and genotype frequency among mosquito populations (p < 0.05), except populations of Anopheles arabiensis from Asendabo and Gambella (p > 0.05). In addition, mosquitoes with the TEP1 *RR genotype were susceptible and produced fewer Plasmodium oocysts than mosquitoes with the TEP1 *SR and TEP1 *SS genotypes.

Conclusion

The alleles identified in populations of An. arabiensis were TEP1*R1 and TEP1*S1. There was no significant variation in TEP1*R1 allele frequency between the high and low transmission areas. Furthermore, An. arabiensis carrying the TEP1*R1 allele was susceptible to Plasmodium infection. Further studies on vector-parasite interactions, particularly on the TEP1 gene, are required for vector control techniques.
Ultrasound-Promoted Solvent-Free Synthesis of Some New α-Aminophosphonates as Prospective Antioxidants
Authors: Singh1 Ashutosh , Singh1 Priti , Srivastava2 Neena , Verma3 Sangeeta , Singh4 Akhilesh , Kumar Srivastava5 Atul
Published: October 2024

To achieve an efficient synthesis of some novel α-aminophosphonates via Pudovik reaction; ultrasonic irradiation has been adopted. Major benefits of this method is eco-friendly, free of catalyst, high yielding, uncomplicated work-up procedure, short reaction time and solvent free condition. Spectral characterization and elemental analysis of the synthesized samples was carried out. In vitro antioxidant activity of the synthesized a-aminophosphonates compounds was screened by DPPH•, O2•− and NO• scavenging methods. Good to moderate activities were shown by most of the compounds while compared with the standards.
Precision Oncology, Signaling Pathways Reprogramming and Targeted Therapy: A Holistic Approach to Molecular Cancer Therapeutics
Authors: Kumar Manish
Published: October 2024

Cancer is a fatal genetic disease with different aspects of complexity, including cancer immune evasion, treatment resistance and recurrence, requiring optimized treatment for proper cure. Molecular studies have revealed that tumors are extremely heterogeneous in nature, leading to the complexity of cancer progression that is ultimately linked to its genetic machinery. It is important to note that patients with the same types of cancer respond differently to cancer treatments, indicating the need for treatment options specific to each patient. Thus, in-depth genomic study of patient’s tumor will be needed to fully understand the determinants of cancer initiation and progression for effective targeted therapy. Precision oncology has evolved as a form of cancer therapy focused on genetic profiling of tumors to identify molecular alterations involved in cancer manifestation for tailored individualized treatment of the disease. There has been a deluge of formulation and mass production of anticancer agents in recent years, mainly due to advances in genomic technologies enabling precise targeting of oncogenic pathways involved in disease. This article aims to briefly explain the foundations and frontiers of precision oncology in the context of advancements in the tools and techniques exploited in the process in order to assess its scope and importance to realize the intended goals.
Drug-Induced Acne in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Practical Guide for the Gastroenterologist
Authors: Temido Maria José , Honap Sailish , Bursztejn Anne Claire , Portela Francisco , Jairath Vipul , Danese Silvio , Spencer Ashley , Peyrin-Biroulet Laurent
Published: October 2024

Drug-induced acne is a common side effect to a wide array of pharmacological therapies and is characterized by a monomorphic, papulopustular eruption typically affecting the face, scalp, and the upper thorax. Corticosteroids and Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi) are commonly used for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and are known to aggravate a prior tendency to acne or trigger the development of new acneiform eruptions. Recent attention on managing drug-induced acne has been driven by the increasing use of JAKi, an expanding therapeutic class in IBD and several other immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Both randomized controlled trials and real-world studies have identified acne as one of the most common treatment-emergent adverse events in JAKi. Left untreated, this common skin reaction can significantly affect patient self-esteem and quality of life leading to poor treatment adherence and suboptimal IBD control. This review examines the characteristics of drug-induced acne in IBD treatments, provides a practical guide for gastroenterologists to manage mild-to-moderate occurrences, and highlights when to seek specialist dermatology advice. Such approaches enable early treatment of a common and often distressing adverse event and optimize the management of IBD by preventing the premature discontinuation or dose reduction of efficacious IBD drugs.
Perfil cognitivo-linguístico de crianças com dificuldade na alfabetização que buscaram avaliação em uma clínica escola
Authors: Bettoni Melissa , Cristine Garghetti Francine
Published: October 2024

O programa Observatório da Aprendizagem (OBA) do curso de Psicologia da Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina em Chapecó ofertou gratuitamente a avaliação neuropsicológica na clínica escola da universidade para crianças com dificuldades no processo de alfabetização que estavam frequentando as séries iniciais do Ensino Fundamental em 2023.  O objetivo geral do presente estudo é apresentar o perfil cognitivo-linguístico das crianças que frequentavam o 1º e 2º anos do Ensino Fundamental e que foram avaliadas no OBA.  Cada criança foi avaliada por meio de, no mínimo, 9 instrumentos; além de anamnese e observação atenta de um profissional da psicologia. O estudo apresenta e discute os dados obtidos por meio de três instrumentos: (1) Teste de Desempenho Escolar 2ª edição (TDE-II); (2) Protocolo de Avaliação das Habilidades Cognitivo-Linguísticas; e (3) Escala Wechsler de Inteligência para Crianças 4ª edição (WISC-IV). Os dados obtidos mostram que prejuízos em habilidades cognitivo-linguísticas parecem ser responsáveis pela dificuldade de alfabetização. Tal dificuldade é um reflexo de alguma dificuldade mais grave que exige intervenção especializada precoce aproveitando o período de grande neuroplasticidade. Ainda, conclui-se que há necessidade de avaliação e intervenção multiprofissional incluindo linguistas, pedagogos, psicólogos e fonoaudiólogos.
Benedicta Stahl Sodré e sua proposta de alfabetização rápida:
Authors: Costa Dias Ana Raquel
Published: October 2024

Este artigo objetiva apresentar os decursos históricos alusivos aos períodos de criação, circulação e adoção do livro Cartilha Sodré (1939/1940), escrito por Benedicta Stahl Sodré. A problemática fundamenta-se no prestígio e reconhecimento que caracterizou e ainda qualifica essa cartilha, destinada ao ensino da leitura e da escrita inicial de crianças brasileiras nas primeiras décadas do século XX. A autora, nascida no interior do estado de São Paulo, normalista, professora e filha de imigrantes alemães, produziu outros materiais didáticos concomitantemente à cartilha, como livros de leitura, no entanto, a cartilha foi selecionada como foco desta escrita científica, considerando sua popularidade e renome. Como precaução metodológica, utilizou-se indícios registrados na própria cartilha e na imprensa periódica. O prestígio da Cartilha Sodré, a posição ocupada em investigações acadêmicas no campo da alfabetização e o protagonismo na imprensa periódica é uma inquietação pertinente para a historiografia educacional. Do mesmo modo, compreende-se impressos pedagógicos e seus usos escolares como fontes substanciais para os estudos na história da alfabetização e na história da educação. Conclui-se que a cartilha atendia as necessidades sociais, políticas e econômicas de uma época. Ademais, entende-se a produção intelectual supracitada como denunciante da vida de uma mulher alfabetizadora.
O processo de alfabetização sob a ótica discursiva
Authors: Giovani Fabiana
Published: October 2024

Buscamos aqui compreender a alfabetização, partindo da concepção de linguagem fundamentada na linguística da enunciação - que a concebe como o espaço de constituição de sujeitos. O estudo teve por pretensão observar como as produções textuais escritas por uma criança em seu primeiro ano escolar evidenciaram o processo de apropriação da escrita. À luz da filosofia de linguagem bakhtiniana e sob a orientação metodológica do paradigma indiciário, a análise foi orientada a buscar marcas no texto que comprovassem a presença de dados referentes a três categorias: condições ou contexto de produção; conjunto de características relativamente estáveis do enunciado; e escrita das palavras. A partir das pistas deixadas nos textos, pôde-se depreender que, além da apropriação da escrita, a criança manifestou um significativo conhecimento sobre outros elementos, como os gêneros discursivos, em especial os escritos. Esse estudo contribui para os estudos em alfabetização na perspectiva discursiva e parte do pressuposto de que devolver o direito à palavra escrita aos sujeitos da sociedade é o caminho da busca do diálogo constitutivo de sujeitos únicos e livres que conheçam, desde os primeiros contatos com a escrita, o significado da palavra ‘igualdade’.
A contação de histórias como prática alfabetizadora na promoção da aprendizagem inicial da modalidade escrita da língua
Authors: Silva Niele Rosa Pereira da , Santos Gisele Abreu Lira Corrêa dos
Published: October 2024

Este artigo resulta da pesquisa de mestrado intitulada “Da Oralidade à Escrita: a contação de histórias na alfabetização”, visando identificar metodologias e práticas pedagógicas capazes de superar os desafios educacionais impostos pela pandemia da Covid-19. O objetivo da pesquisa é compreender como a contação de histórias, enquanto prática pedagógica contínua e planejada, contribui para o desenvolvimento e aprendizagem da modalidade escrita da língua na alfabetização. Houve a elaboração de um material pedagógico composto por sequências didáticas contextualizadas, utilizando livros infantis e a prática de contação de histórias em sala de aula, com ênfase no desenvolvimento inicial da escrita. Os participantes da pesquisa foram estudantes de uma turma de alfabetização de uma escola municipal do Rio de Janeiro. Aspectos relevantes para a pesquisa surgiram nas discussões sobre conceitos fundamentais em práticas alfabetizadoras, nas estratégias adotadas por professores para o desenvolvimento da escrita, no planejamento da contação de histórias e de aplicação de atividades para o avanço da hipótese de escrita. A avaliação da escrita dos estudantes durante as atividades permitiu constatar que a prática docente de contar histórias, juntamente com material didático específico e apropriado, estimula o aprendizado das crianças que estão no período de alfabetização.
Avaliação do Uso de uma Tecnologia sem fio para o desenvolvimento da consciência fonológica de crianças com defasagem de aprendizagem do sistema de escrita devido à pandemia de Covid-19
Authors: Kuss Paulo Fernando , Salete Maria , Henriques Renato Ventura Bayan
Published: October 2024

O presente estudo é parte de uma pesquisa de doutorado em andamento que visa investigar os efeitos do uso de tecnologia sem fio como auxiliar no processo de alfabetização de crianças típicas e atípicas com defasagem de aprendizagem do sistema de escrita devido à pandemia de Covid-19. Trata-se de uma pesquisa quase-experimental dividida em três fases: pré-teste, intervenção e pós-teste. Os sujeitos da pesquisa são alunos típicos e atípicos do 3º e 4º anos. Para o desenvolvimento das atividades foi utilizado um editor e player desenvolvido por Preuss et al. (2020). Os resultados parciais já indicam que o uso dos fantoches associados aos cartões Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) foram elementos motivadores para as crianças. Em relação ao desenvolvimento da consciência fonológica, constatamos visível progresso no pós-teste em comparação às dificuldades apresentas no pré-teste.
Sonophotopythochemical Functionalization of Graphene Oxide - Al - Zn Bimetal Nanocomposite for Corrosion Inhibition
Authors: Eguico Carlou Siga-an , Abanto Maribel Mago , Cendaña Hershey Tambo , Perez Famero Denisse Anne , Pediongco Kauthar Belandres , Cruz Evangelista Albert Dela , Del Castillo Rubi Rugi Vicente
Published: October 2024

The corrosion performance of steel in the marine environment has been a primary concern of engineers and garnered significant interest due to its industrial significance. To address this concern, the incorporation of green corrosion inhibitors as coating materials in mild steel has been extensively studied recently. This paper explores the synthesis of graphene doped with bimetal aluminum-zinc (GO-Al-Zn) nanocomposites via sonophoto-phytochemical functionalization using Chayote (Sechium edule) leaf extract as the doping agent to produce a corrosion inhibitor. The synthesized nanocomposites were characterized using FTIR, SEM-EDS, XRD, and TEM. The optimal nanocomposite, with a 55% Al - 45% Zn ratio, demonstrated successful bio-reduction, good dispersion, reduced particle size, and a rhombohedral crystal structure. When incorporated into an epoxy coating and applied to mild steel, the GO - 55% Al - 45% Zn coating achieved a high corrosion inhibition efficiency of 98.06% (gravimetric method) and 98.45% (electrochemical method) in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. This study highlights the promising potential of GO - 55% Al - 45% Zn nanocomposite as an eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor. Future research should explore optimizing the functionalization process and exploring long-term environmental stability.
Systemic neurophysiological entrainment to behaviorally relevant rhythmic stimuli
Authors: Muñoz‐Caracuel Manuel , Muñoz Vanesa , Ruiz‐Martínez Francisco J. , Vázquez Morejón Antonio J. , Gómez Carlos M.
Published: October 2024

Physiological oscillations, such as those involved in brain activity, heartbeat, and respiration, display inherent rhythmicity across various timescales. However, adaptive behavior arises from the interaction between these intrinsic rhythms and external environmental cues. In this study, we used multimodal neurophysiological recordings, simultaneously capturing signals from the central and autonomic nervous systems (CNS and ANS), to explore the dynamics of brain and body rhythms in response to rhythmic auditory stimulation across three conditions: baseline (no auditory stimulation), passive auditory processing, and active auditory processing (discrimination task). Our findings demonstrate that active engagement with auditory stimulation synchronizes both CNS and ANS rhythms with the external rhythm, unlike passive and baseline conditions, as evidenced by power spectral density (PSD) and coherence analyses. Importantly, phase angle analysis revealed a consistent alignment across participants between their physiological oscillatory phases at stimulus or response onsets. This alignment was associated with reaction times, suggesting that certain phases of physiological oscillations are spontaneously prioritized across individuals due to their adaptive role in sensorimotor behavior. These results highlight the intricate interplay between CNS and ANS rhythms in optimizing sensorimotor responses to environmental demands, suggesting a potential mechanism of embodied predictive processing.
Study of the patterns of ice lake variation and the factors influencing these changes in the western Nyingchi area
Authors: Yu Mingwei , Guo Yonggang , Li Feng , Su Libin , Qin Deshun
Published: October 2024

The current ice lake dataset in the western region of Nyingchi requires further improvement. Due to the intricate distribution of ice lakes and imprecise boundary delineation, research tends to overlook small-scale ice lakes in this area. Moreover, most related studies have focused solely on variations in ice lake areas within key regions, such as the Himalayas, with little attention given to changes occurring in southeastern Tibet. The frequency of ice and snow disasters in the study area has been steadily increasing over the years. Therefore, this study utilizes Landsat satellite images and employs visual interpretation methods to generate more precise and comprehensive maps depicting the distribution of ice lakes in the western region of Nyingchi Province for the years 1994, 2010, 2018, and 2022. Additionally, changes in scale and spatial patterns of different types of ice lakes were investigated. Between 1994 and 2022, the ice lake area in the study area significantly increased by 22.5%, reaching a total of 35.8 ± 3.0 km2. This expansion was primarily driven by glacier-fed lakes, which experienced a remarkable growth rate of 30.8%. In contrast, the non-glacier-fed lakes experienced an increase by only 15.6%. Notably, ice lakes at higher elevations exhibited a peak in expansion, with those above 5143.0 m experiencing the most substantial growth rate of 44.8%. The long-term expansion rate of ice lakes is investigated through the measurement of changes in their boundaries, with the aim to understand the factors contributing to their growth. These findings indicate the rapid expansion of the ice lake near the glacier, with an annual growth rate of 1.3% per annum. Specifically, the glacial-fed section exhibited an expansion rate of 1.1% per annum, while the nonglacial-fed section experienced a growth rate of 0.6% per annum. The seasonal variability in marine glaciers is the primary factor influencing the expansion of ice lakes in this region, with temperature and precipitation serving as the principal driving forces impacting the transformation of these lakes. The data provided by the research results will facilitate a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics and mechanisms governing the ice lake in western Nyingchi, thereby contributing to an enhanced scientific comprehension of potential disaster risks associated with this ice lake.
Productive conservation at the landslide prone area under the threat of rapid land cover changes
Authors: Sartohadi Junun , Rahma Ayu Dyah , Nugraha Surya Sabda
Published: October 2024

Landslides often occur in the study area as a continuation of the erosion process on very thick soil from a series of volcanic ash deposition during the Tertiary and Quaternary periods. Rapid land cover changes from agricultural land into settlement increase runoff significantly causing accelerated soil erosion. Soil conservation approaches using parameters to reduce surface runoff and soil loss are less acceptable in agricultural society. Soil conservation methods aimed at reducing runoff and soil loss are not widely embraced in agricultural communities, efforts in soil conservation must be economically beneficial. Vegetative-based erosion control is the most suitable option for the agricultural communities. However, there needs to be improvements in terms of plant arrangement that is adapted to the spatial arrangement of slopes and is focused on zones along rills and gullies. Selection of tree species planted for erosion control that have the value of increasing economic income is the key to the success of planned soil and water conservation efforts.
Silicon–carbon superhydrophobic nano-structure for next generation semiconductor industry
Authors: Dixit Girija Shankar , Sahoo Abanti , Guha Arjit , Mohapatra Soumya Sanjeeb
Published: October 2024

Superhydrophobic surfaces are important in waterproof applications that withstand harsh chemical exposure, ultraviolet radiation, and heat. Surface energy modification of the surface, such as silanization or (fluoro)polymer coatings, increases the hydrophobicity of the nanostructure. The present study follows a bilayer architecture that turns hydrophilic silicon into a superhydrophobic one. The first step creates a unique silicon–graphene hybrid structure on the silicon surface by coating graphene on the P-type silicon substrate. In the second step, low surface energy material (a combination of hexadecyltrimethoxysilane and hexamethyldisilazane) is coated by the dip coating process. This study investigates the durability of superhydrophobicity under severe mechanical, thermal, and chemical conditions. High-temperature tolerance and water jet tests are also performed. The present work also involves the study of coating regeneration. This approach can be applied to all shapes and sizes of silicon–graphene surfaces and is proven to be excellent in the semiconductor industry.
Übereinstimmungsraten bei der Beurteilung von mündlichen Prüfungen am Beispiel der DSH
Authors: Krekeler Christian , Roll Heike , Cotelo Kristin Stezano , Weirich Sebastian
Published: October 2024

Die Beurteilung mündlicher Prüfungen ist anspruchsvoll und komplex, da das Konstrukt „mündliche Sprachkompetenz“ facettenreich ist. In einer Studie wurden die Beurteilungen von 53 Personen analysiert, die an Schulungs-Workshops für Prüferinnen und Prüfer teilnahmen, um die Übereinstimmungsraten bei mündlichen Prüfungen zu ermitteln. Während der Online-Workshops wurden insgesamt vier Prüfungen bewertet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen eine geringe Übereinstimmung der Beurteilungen, wobei weder Schulungsmaßnahmen noch Beurteilungsmethoden einen signifikanten Einfluss auf diese Übereinstimmung hatten. Obwohl die Ergebnisse nicht direkt auf die DSH übertragbar sind, liefert die Studie Hinweise darauf, welche Maßnahmen zur Verbesserung der Übereinstimmung der Beurteilungen in Betracht gezogen werden könnten.