bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interaction Kinetics of Peptide Lipids-Mediated Gene Delivery
Authors: Zhao Yinan , Zhao Tianyi , Du Yanyan , Cao Yingnan , Xuan Yang , Chen Huiying , Zhi Defu , Guo Shutao , Zhong Fangli , Zhang Shubiao
Published: September 2020

Background: During the course of gene transfection, the interaction kinetics between liposomes and DNA is speculated to play very important role for blood stability, cellular uptake, DNA release and finally transfection efficiency.Results: As cationic peptide liposomes exhibited great gene transfer activities both in vitro and in vivo, two peptide lipids, containing a tri-ornithine head (LOrn3) and a mono-ornithine head (LOrn1), were chosen to further clarify the process of liposome-mediated gene delivery in this study. The results show that the electrostatically-driven binding between DNA and liposomes reached nearly 100% at equilibrium, and high affinity of LOrn3 to DNA led to fast binding rate between them. The binding process between LOrn3 and DNA conformed to the kinetics equation: y = 1.663631 × exp(-0.003427x) + 6.278163. Compared to liposome LOrn1, the liposome LOrn3/DNA lipoplex exhibited a faster and more uniform uptake in HeLa cells, as LOrn3 with a tri-ornithine peptide headgroup had a stronger interaction with the negatively charged cell membrane than LOrn1. The efficient endosomal escape of DNA from LOrn3 lipoplex was facilitated by the acidity in late endosomes, resulting in broken carbamate bonds, as well as the “proton sponge effect” of the lipid.Conclusions: The interaction kinetics is a key factor for DNA transfection efficiency. This work provided insights into peptide lipid-mediated DNA delivery that could guide the development of the next generation of delivery systems for gene therapeutics.
Mindfulness-based interventions for children and adolescents across all settings: A scoping review protocol
Authors: Perrier Marie-France , Gurgel-Juarez Nalia , Flowers Heather Leslie , McCormick Anna , Short Sarah J.
Published: September 2020

Background and purpose: Although mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) are becoming increasingly popular, the application of MBIs with children and adolescents is still in its infancy. Mapping the existing literature is necessary to help guide pediatric mindfulness interventions. Our purpose is to synthesize the evidence of reported MBIs for children and adolescents with and without physical, mental, and cognitive disorders. Accordingly, we aim to identify trends and gaps in the literature, so that we can provide direction to researchers who seek to advance the evidence base for using MBIs in pediatric populations.Methods: Our search strategy will be conducted following Arksey and O’Malley’s methodological framework. It will include a comprehensive search of published studies in 7 databases, the grey literature, conference proceedings, and citations of selected articles. Two independent reviewers will evaluate all abstracts and full articles that: i) have a pediatric sample (children 2-17 years), ii) use MBIs to promote development or to remediate underlying disorders, and iii) are written in English or French. We will identify the definitions and concepts from MBIs, categorize accepted studies according to etiology and rehabilitation type, describe intervention methodology, and report outcomes of selected studies.Discussion: Our review will provide a comprehensive overview of the pediatric mindfulness intervention literature to date, involving a range of mental, cognitive and physical outcomes for healthy children and adolescents and for those with a variety of disorders in clinical and institutional settings. We will disseminate results to mindfulness practitioners and provide guidance to future pediatric researchers in their development and application of mindfulness interventions, thereby contributing to the scientific understanding of mindfulness for the ultimate betterment of child and adolescent well-being and life-long functioning. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO does not accept scoping review protocols.
Fingerfoods: a feasibility study to enhance fruit and vegetable consumption in Dutch patients with dementia in a nursing home
Authors: Visscher Annemijn , Battjes-Fries Marieke CE , de Rest Ondine van , Patijn Olga N , Lee Mascha van der , Wijma-Idsinga Nienke , Pot Gerda K , Voshol Peter
Published: September 2020

Background Eating problems are highly prevalent in older patients with dementia and as a consequence, these patients are at greater risk of becoming malnourished. Fingerfoods, snacks that can be picked with thumb and forefinger, could be used to counteract malnutrition in patients with dementia. The aim of this feasibility study was to evaluate whether providing fruit and vegetable rich fingerfoods in the form of recognizable and familiar snacks on top of the normal intake was feasible for both patients with dementia and caregivers as a means to increase patients’ nutritional status.Methods Institutionalised patients with dementia (N = 15, 93% female, mean age = 85 years) were included in this feasibility study in the Netherlands. The residents received their regular diet supplemented with fingerfoods, comprising quiches and cakes rich in fruit or vegetables, for 6 weeks. Daily fingerfood consumption together with compensation behaviour at dinner of residents was administered with a checklist and food diaries at the start and end of the intervention as dose delivered. Furthermore, caregivers were asked to fill out a feedback form at the end of the intervention to measure fidelity and appreciation of the intervention. Results Patients consumed on average 1.4 pieces (70 grams) of fingerfoods daily, containing 41 grams of fruit and/or vegetables. Fruit and vegetable consumption increased during the provision of the fingerfoods and the residents seemed not to compensate this intake during the rest of the day. The intervention was generally positively received by the majority of caregivers, depending on the type of fingerfood and state of the resident. Conclusion This feasibility study showed that providing recognizable fruit and vegetable rich fingerfoods to patients with dementia seems feasible for both patients and caregivers and could provide a pragmatic approach to enhance fruit and vegetable consumption and total food intake in institutionalized elderly. In an up-scaled study, effects of fingerfoods on nutritional status and quality of life should be investigated.
Informing urban climate planning with high resolution data: the Hestia fossil fuel CO2 emissions for Baltimore, Maryland
Authors: Roest Geoffrey Scott , Gurney Kevin R , Miller Scot M , Liang Jianming
Published: September 2020

Background Cities contribute more than 70% of global anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and are leading the effort to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions through sustainable planning and development. However, urban greenhouse gas mitigation often relies on self-reported emissions estimates that may be incomplete and unverifiable via atmospheric monitoring of GHGs. We present the Hestia Scope 1 fossil fuel CO2 (FFCO2) emissions for the city of Baltimore, Maryland – a gridded annual and hourly emissions data product for 2010 through 2015 (Hestia-Baltimore v1.6). We also compare the Hestia-Baltimore emissions to overlapping Scope 1 FFCO2 emissions in Baltimore’s self-reported inventory for 2014. Results The Hestia-Baltimore emissions in 2014 totaled 1487.3 kt C (95% confidence interval of 1,158.9 – 1,944.9 kt C), with the largest emissions coming from onroad (34.2% of total city emissions), commercial (19.9%), residential (19.0%), and industrial (11.8%) sectors. Scope 1 electricity production and marine shipping were each generally less than 10% of the city’s total emissions. Baltimore’s self-reported Scope 1 FFCO2 emissions included onroad, natural gas consumption in buildings, and some electricity generating facilities within city limits. The self-reported Scope 1 FFCO2 total of 1,182.6 kt C was similar to the sum of matching emission sectors and fuels in Hestia-Baltimore v1.6. However, 20.5% of Hestia-Baltimore’s emissions were in sectors and fuels that were not included in the self-reported inventory. Petroleum use in buildings were omitted and all Scope 1 emissions from industrial point sources, marine shipping, nonroad vehicles, rail, and aircraft were categorically excluded.Conclusions The omission of petroleum combustion in buildings and categorical exclusions of several sectors resulted in an underestimate of total Scope 1 FFCO2 emissions in Baltimore’s self-reported inventory. Accurate Scope 1 FFCO2 emissions, along with Scope 2 and 3 emissions, are needed to inform effective urban policymaking for system-wide GHG mitigation. We emphasize the need for comprehensive Scope 1 emissions estimates for emissions verification and measuring progress towards Scope 1 GHG mitigation goals using atmospheric monitoring.
Process evaluation of a randomised pilot trial of home-based rehabilitation compared to usual care in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and their caregiver’s (REACH-HFpEF pilot study)
Authors: Smith Karen , Lang Chim , Wingham Jenny , Frost Julia , Greaves Colin , Abraham Charles , Warren Fiona , Coyle Joanne , Jolly Kate , Miles Jackie , Paul Kevin , Doherty Patrick , Davis Russell , Dalal Hasnain , Taylor Rod S
Published: September 2020

Background: Whilst heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) affects almost 50 percent of the HF population, evidence-based treatment options remain limited. However, there is growing evidence of the potential value of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation. This study reports the process evaluation of the Rehabilitation Enablement in Chronic Heart Failure (REACH-HF) intervention for HFpEF patients and their caregivers conducted as part of the REACH-HFpEF pilot trial. Methods: Process evaluation sub-study parallel to a single centre (Tayside, Scotland) randomised controlled pilot trial with qualitative assessment of both intervention fidelity delivery and HFpEF patients’ and caregivers’ experiences. The REACH-HF intervention consisted of self-help manual for patients and caregivers, facilitated over 12 weeks by trained healthcare professionals. Interviews were conducted following completion of intervention in a purposeful sample of 15 HFpEF patients and 7 caregivers.Results: Qualitative information from the facilitator interactions and interviews identified three key themes for patients and caregivers: (1) understanding their condition, (2) emotional consequences of HF, and (3) patients’ and caregivers’ responses to the REACH-HF intervention. The differing professional backgrounds demonstrate the possibility of delivering REACH-HF by either existing HF or cardiac rehabilitation services of a combination of the two.Conclusions: The REACH-HF home-based facilitated intervention for HFpEF appears feasible and well accepted model for delivery of a cardiac rehabilitation intervention, with the potential to address key unmet needs of patients and their caregivers who are often excluded from service provision and current CR programmes. Results of this study will inform a recently funded full multicentre randomised clinical trial.Trial registration: ISRCTN78539530 (date registration 7th July 2015) http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN78539530
Optimal regimens regimens based on PK/PD cutoff evaluation of ceftiofur against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in swine
Authors: Sun Da , Mi Kun , Hao Haihong , Xie Shuyu , Chen Dongmei , Huang Lingli
Published: September 2020

BackgroundActinobacillus pleuropneumoniae formerly known as Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae, can cause pleuropneumoniae in pigs, which lead to significant mortality. Ceftiofur was the first cephalosporin antibiotic used in animals，which was effective against gram-negative and gram-positive bacterium. This study aimed to formulate a rational dosage strategy and review the preceding recommended dosage based on PK/PD modeling and Establish Clinical breakpoint of ceftiofur against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae based on the pharmacodynamic-pharmacokinetic cutoff. ResultsThe epidemiologic cutoff value was 0.125 μg/mL. The results of the pharmacodynamic study showed that the MICs of BW39 were 0.5 μg/mL and 1 μg/mL in vitro and ex-vivo, respectively. The minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) under in vitro and ex vivo conditions were both 1 μg/mL. The time-killing profiles of ceftiofur against BW39 were time-dependent with a partly concentration-dependent pattern. Based on the inhibitory sigmoid Emax model, the AUC24 h/MIC values for the bacteriostatic, bactericidal, and elimination effects in serum were 45.73, 63.83, and 69.04 h for healthy pigs separately. According to the Monte Carlo simulation, the COPD was calculated as 2 μg/mL, and the optimized dosage regimen of ceftiofur against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae to achieve bacteriostatic, bactericidal, and elimination effects over 24 h was 2.13, 2.97, and 3.42 mg/kg for the 50% target attainment rate (TAR) and 2.47, 3.21, and 3.70 mg/kg for the 90% TAR respectively.ConclusionsIn conclusion, we reveal the EOFF and PK/PD cutoff values of ceftiofur against A. pleuropneumoniae in piglets. However, with the paucity of clinical data for ceftiofur to establish a clinical cutoff against A. pleuropneumoniae, the PK/PD cutoff value of 2 μg/mL will be recommended as surrogate. According to the PK/PD data and the MIC distribution in China, the single bactericidal dose was 3.21 mg/kg for the 90% target, which would be more able to cure Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and avoid the emergence of resistance for clinical ceftiofur use in piglet.
Cellphone laws and teens’ calling while driving: analysis of repeated cross-sectional surveys in 2013, 2015, 2017, and 2019
Authors: Li Li , Pope Caitlin N , Andridge Rebecca R , Bower Julie K , Hu Guoqing , Zhu Motao
Published: September 2020

Background: Distracted driving among teen is a public health and safety concern. Most states in the U.S. have sought to restrict cellphone use while driving by enacting laws. This study examines the difference in prevalence of self-reported calling while driving (CWD) between states with different cellphone bans.Methods: Demographics and CWD data were extracted from state Youth Risk Behavior Surveys (YRBS) from 14 states in 2013, 2015, 2017, and 2019. The state YRBS is conducted every two years with a representative sample of 9th through 12th grade students attending public school. States were grouped by type of enacted cellphone law(s): no ban (the absence of both handheld calling ban and young driver ban); young driver ban (the absence of a handheld calling ban and an enacted young driver ban ); and concurrent ban (the enactment of both a handheld calling ban and a young driver ban). Poisson regression models with robust variance were used to estimate prevalence ratios comparing CWD prevalence across ban types.Results: In total, 157,423 high school students participated in the surveys, and 65,044 (45%) participants reached the minimum age to obtain an intermediate license and drove during the 30 days prior the survey. Approximately 53% of participants reported CWD at least once during the previous 30 days, and the percentages varied widely by states (range: 51%-55%). Compared to students from states with no ban enacted, those from states with concurrent bans were 19%(95% CI: 14%-24%) less likely to engage in CWD. Students in states with concurrent bans were 23% less likely to engage in CWD compared to students in states with young driver bans (95% CI:17%-27%). Conclusions: Engaging in CWD is common among teen drivers. The concurrent implementation of a handheld calling ban and a young driver ban was associated with a decrease in the prevalence of CWD.
A Smart Position Optimization Scheme for Badminton Doubles Based on Human-computer Interactive Training in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Yao Bo , Liang Na
Published: September 2020

In the continuous development process, robot technology based on multimedia interactions has been widely used in aerospace, medical, education and service industries. The relationship between robots and humans is getting closer. The improvement of robot intelligence is a process of continuously learning the outside world. Since 1959, multimedia human-computer interaction technology has provided more and more technical support for human research robots. In this paper, we firstly study the characteristics of badminton competition, including the technical characteristics, tactics characteristics, and the collection requirements about on-site training. The technical description of the badminton doubles station is also completed. Furthermore, in terms of the digitalization of the gait-based sensation, the automated acquisition of the gait technology, the simultaneously with the video, and the high-speed imaging system, the system implement information is integrated. After that, badminton multimedia techniques and tactics are designed based on the extensive statistical analysis. The skills and tactics of athletes are expressed in the form of video, graphics and text. Finally, the operators can carry out the technical and tactical analysis processes through good human-computer interactions. This increases the end user's game information. The related attention and understanding can strengthen the strength and depth of technical and tactical ability analysis. Thus, we propose the station optimization plan for badminton doubles.
Improving precision of field inventory estimation of above ground biomass through an alternative view on plot biomass
Authors: Kleinn Christoph , Magnussen Steen , Noelke Nils , Magdon Paul , Álvarez-González Juan Gabriel , Fehrmann Lutz , Pérez-Cruzado César
Published: September 2020

We contrast a new continuous approach (CA) for estimating plot-level above-ground biomass (AGB) in forest inventories with the current approach of estimating AGB exclusively from the tree-level AGB predicted for each tree in a plot; henceforth called DA (discrete approach). With the CA, the AGB in a forest is modelled as a continuous surface and the AGB estimate for a fixed-area plot is computed as the integral of the AGB surface taken over the plot area. Hence with the CA, the portion of the biomass of in-plot-trees that extends across the plot perimeter is ignored while the biomass from trees outside of the plot reaching inside the plot is added. We use a sampling simulation with data from a fully mapped two hectare area to illustrate that important differences in plot-level AGB estimates can emerge. Ideally CA-based estimates of mean AGB should be less variable than those derived from the DA. If realized, this difference translates to a higher precision from field sampling, or a lower required sample size. In our case study with a target precision of 5 % (i.e. relative standard error of the estimated mean AGB), the CA required a 27.1 % lower sample size for small plots of 100m² and a 10.4 % lower sample size for larger plots of 1700 m², where we examined sampling induced errors only and did not yet consider model errors. We discuss practical issues in implementing the CA in field inventories and the potential in applications that model biomass with remote sensing data. The CA is a variation on a plot design for above-ground forest biomass; as such it can be applied in combination with any forest inventory sampling design.
Open stented elephant trunk for complicated Stanford type B aortic dissection: a single-center experience
Authors: Tie Hongtao , Kong Lingwen , Tu Zhengjie , Zheng Delai , Chen Dan , Wu Qingchen , Li Qiang
Published: September 2020

Background: Open stented elephant trunk (SET) or SET with left subclavian artery (LSCA) to left common carotid artery bypass (LCCA) is proven to a potentially alternative treatment for complicated Stanford type B aortic dissection (TBAD). In the current study, we reported our experience with ten consecutive TBAD patients who underwent open SET.Methods: Patients with complicated TBAD underwent open SET from May 2016 to November 2018 in our institution were included. Patients’ clinical data were obtained from the electronic medical record system, and long-term clinical outcomes were collected by telephone interviews or outpatient interviews.Results: A total of ten patients with nine males and one female were included, and the average age was 47.3 (31-65) years. Increased D-dimer and fibrinogen degradation products were observed in all patients at admission, and two patients had renal insufficiency. The average postoperative mechanical ventilation time, length of stay in intensive care unit, and postoperative hospital length of stay were 46.9 (6.7-151.2) hours, 7.7 (4-17) days, and 15.7 (10-26) days. No postoperative death occurred. Acute kidney injury and other complications were observed, and they were recovered well when discharge. In long-term follow-up, computed tomography angiography indicated that aortas were completely well remodeled, and blood supply of the brachiocephalic trunks was normal without anastomotic complications. All patients lived well. Conclusion: SET or SET with subclavian artery correction shows satisfactory clinical outcomes, and it could be considered as an alternative treatment. Well-designed, large-scale studies with long-term follow-up are still needed.
One-step purification of two novel thermotolerant β-1,4-glucosidases from a newly isolated strain of Fusarium chlamydosporum HML278 and their characterization
Authors: Qin Yongling , Li Qiqian , Luo Fengfeng , Fu Yue , He Haiyan
Published: September 2020

A newly identified cellulase-producing Fusarium chlamydosporum HML278 was cultivated under solid-state fermentation of sugarcane bagasse, and two new β-glucosides enzymes (BG FH1, BG FH2) were recovered from fermentation solution by modified non-denaturing active gel electrophoresis and gel filtration chromatography. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that the molecular weight of BG FH1 and BG FH2 was 93 kDa and 52 kDa, respectively, and the enzyme activity was 5.6 U/mg and 11.5 U/mg, respectively. The optimal reaction temperature of the enzymes was 60 ℃, and the enzymes were stable with a temperature lower than 70 ℃. The optimal pH of the purified enzymes was 6.0, and the enzymes were stable between pH 4-10. Km and Vmax values ​​were 2.76 mg/mL and 20.6 U/mg for pNPG, respectively. Thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography analysis showed that BG FH1and BG FH2 had hydrolysis activity toward cellobiose and could hydrolyze cellobiose into glucose. In addition, both enzymes exhibited transglycoside activity, which could use glucose to synthesize cellobiose and cellotriose, and preferentially synthesize alcohol. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that F. chlamydosporum HML278 produces heat-resistant β-glucosidases with both hydrolytic activity and transglycosidic activity, and these β-glucosidases have potential application in bioethanol and papermaking industries.
Response of Potato to nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer at Wag-Lasta Areas of Eastern Amhara, Ethiopia
Authors: Sebnie Workat , Esubalew Tilahun , Mengesha Merse
Published: September 2020

Background: Production and productivity of potato in Ethiopia is far below the world average due to soil fertility problem, pest, disease, and agronomic factors. Nutrient depletion due to soil erosion is a serious problem in Ethiopian highlands. Annually, nitrogen 122 kg ha-1 P 13 kg ha-1 and K 82 kg ha-1 were estimated to deplete from Ethiopia (Haileslassie et al., 2005). The essential nutrients like, nitrogen and phosphorus are the most important influential nutrient for the production of potato but they are deficient in most Ethiopian soils and thus an application of these nutrients could increase significantly the crop yields. In this context, an experiment was conducted at Sekota and Lasta Lalibela districts (Woleh and Kechin Abeba irrigation command areas) of eastern Amhara to investigate the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers for yield and yield component of potato under irrigation condition. Methods: Four rates of nitrogen (0, 46, 92, and 138 kg N kg ha-1) and four rates of phosphorus (0, 23, 46, and 69 Kg P2O5 kg ha-1) were combined in the factorial arrangement and laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. Results: The result of the study revealed that nitrogen and phosphorus had a significant effect on plant height, marketable, and total yield of potato at Kechin Abeba. But phosphorus did not show a significant effect on plant height and unmarketable yield at Sekota district of Woleh irrigation command area. The highest yield 45.55 t ha-1 was obtained from in combined application of 138 N and 23 P2O5 in Lalibela and 17.12 t ha-1 was obtained from in combined application of 138 N kg ha-1 and 46 P2O5 kg ha-1 from Sekota districts of Woleh irrigation command area. Conclusion: The application of nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizer in the study area were more efficient in terms of tuber yield in Lalibela (Kechin Abeba) than Woleh. The application of 138 kg ha-1 N combined with 23 kg ha-1 P2O5 is found to be the appropriate rates for optimum productivity of Potato at Lalibela (Kechin Abeba) and Sekota (Woleh) under irrigation conditions and the same agro-ecology.
Long-term outcomes and prognostic factor analysis of resected Siewert type II adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction in China: a seven-year study
Authors: Feng Yiding , Jiang Youhua , Zhao Qiang , Liu Jinshi , Zhang Hangyu , Chen Qixun
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND The incidence rate of adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction (AEG) has significantly increased over the past two decades. Surgery remains the only curative treatment. However, there are currently few studies on Chinese AEG patients. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively analyze the survival and prognostic factors of AEG patients in our center.METHODS Between January 2008 and September 2014, 249 AEG patients who underwent radical resection were enrolled in this retrospective study, including 196 males and 53 females, with a median age of 64 (range 31-82). Prognostic factors were assessed with the log-rank test and Cox univariate and multivariate analysesRESULTS The 5-year survival rate of all patients was 49%. The median survival time of all enrolled patients was 70.1 months. Pathological type, intraoperative blood transfusion, tumor size, adjuvant chemotherapy, duration of hospital stay, serum CA199, CA125, CA242 and CEA, pTNM stage, lymphovascular or perineural invasion, and the ratio of positive to negative lymph nodes (PNLNR) were significantly associated with overall survival when analyzed in univariate analysis.CONCLUSIONS Our study found that adjuvant chemotherapy, PNLNR, intraoperative blood transfusion, tumor size, perineural invasion, serum CEA, and duration of hospital stay after surgery had significance in multivariate analysis and were independent risk factors for survival.
Novel oxygen saturation imaging endoscopy to assess anastomotic integrity in a porcine ischemia model
Authors: Hasegawa Hiro , Takeshita Nobuyoshi , Ito Masaaki
Published: September 2020

Background: Establishing anastomotic integrity is crucial for avoiding anastomotic complications in colorectal surgery. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and feasibility of assessing anastomotic integrity using novel oxygen saturation imaging endoscopy in a porcine ischemia model.Methods: In three pigs, a new endoscope system was used to check the mechanical completeness of the anastomosis and capture the tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) images. This technology can derive the StO2 images from the differences in the absorption coefficient in the visible light region between oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin. Bowel perfusion at the proximal rectum was assessed before and after the anastomosis, and one minute and thirty minutes after the ligation of the cranial rectal artery (CRA).Results: The completeness of the anastomoses was confirmed by the absence of air leakage. Intraluminal oxygen saturation imaging was successfully performed in all animals. There was no significant difference in the StO2 level before and after the anastomosis (52.6 ± 2.0 vs. 52.0 ± 2.6; p = 0.76, respectively). The StO2 level of the intestine on the oral side of the anastomosis one minute after the CRA ligation was significantly lower than immediately after the anastomosis (15.9 ± 6.0 vs. 52.0 ± 2.6; p = 0.006, respectively). There was no significant difference in the StO2 level between one minute after and thirty minutes after the CRA ligation (15.9 ± 6.0 vs. 12.1 ± 5.3; p = 0.41, respectively).Conclusion: Novel oxygen saturation imaging endoscopy was safe and feasible to assess the anastomotic integrity in the experimental model.
Cardiac Strain as a Predictor of Adverse Events and Ventricular Remodeling: A Cohort Study
Authors: Gong Yanjun , Lu Yuan , Huo Jessica C. , Wang Zhi , Yang Fan , Fang Shu , Qiu Lin , Qiu Jianxing , Huo Yong
Published: September 2020

Background: It remains controversial whether cardiac strain accurately predicts adverse events after acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of cardiac strain revealed on cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging on cardiac events and adverse left ventricular (LV) remodeling.Methods: Between February 2015 and September 2016, we conducted a prospective two-center cohort study of patients with STEMI treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention comprising stent implantation. All included patients underwent CMR imaging before discharge. Major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and LV remodeling were assessed during 6 months of follow-up.Results: Seventy-six patients were available for the final analysis. The MACE rate was 23.7%, using cardiac death, reinfarction, unplanned revascularization, and heart failure as combined events during 6 months of follow-up. The global longitudinal strain (GLS) was an independent predictor of MACE (OR=1.21 (1.07–1.36), P=0.002) and LV remodeling (OR=2.06 (1.14–3.73), P=0.017).Conclusion: In patients with STEMI treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention, the GLS determined on CMR imaging performed before discharge is a predictor of MACE and adverse LV remodeling during 6 months of follow-up.
Assessment of self-medication practices in the context of Covid-19 outbreak in Togo
Authors: Sadio Arnold J , Gbeasor-Komlanvi Fifonsi A , KONU Rodion Y , Bakoubayi Akila W , Tchankoni Martin K , Bitty-Anderson Alexandra M , Gomez Iris M , Denadou Claudia P , Anani Joël , Kouanfack Harold R , Kpeto Innocent K , Salou Mounerou , Ekouevi Didier K
Published: September 2020

Background: To date, there is no effective treatment for Covid-19 which is a pandemic due to a new coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2. In Togo, where four in five people practice self-medication, the absence of a cure for Covid-19 and its constant progression requires an assessment of self-medication patterns in the context of the pandemic. This study aimed at estimating the prevalence of self-medication to prevent Covid-19 and its associated factors in Lomé, Togo. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Lomé, capital city of Togo, from April 23rd to May 8th, 2020 in a sample of participants from five sectors: healthcare, air transport, police, road transport and informal. Participants were invited to give information about their self-medication practices to prevent Covid-19 within the two weeks preceding the survey. Results: A total of 955 participants (71.6% of men) with a median age of 36 (IQR 32–43) were included. Around 22.1% were in the air transport sector, 20.5% in police, and 38.7% in the health sector. The overall prevalence of self-medication to prevent Covid-19 was 34.2% (95CI%: 31.2-37.3%). Most commonly used products were vitamin C (27.6%) and traditional medicine (10.2%). Only 2.0% of participants reported using Chloroquine/Hydroxychloroquine. Female sex (aOR=1.90; p<0.001), working in the health sector (aOR=1.89; p= 0.001), secondary education level (aOR= 2.28; p= 0.043) and university education level (aOR= 5.11; p<0.001) were associated with self-medication. Conclusion: One third of high-risk populations in Lomé have practiced self-medication. Intensifying awareness campaigns is crucial to fight misinformation about alleged Covid-19 prevention products on social media.
An endoscopic dilation method using the rendezvous approach for the treatment of severe anastomotic stenosis after rectal cancer surgery: A case report
Authors: Nakashima Takuya , Matsuhahshi Nobuhisa , Suetsugu Tomonari , Iwata Yoshinori , Kiyama Shigeru , Takahashi Takao , Fukada Masahiro , Yasufuku Itaru , Sato Yuta , Imai Takeharu , Tanaka Yoshihiro , Okumura Naoki , Kubota Masaya , Ibuka Takashi , Shimizu Masato , Yoshida Kazuhiro
Published: September 2020

Background: Postoperative anastomotic stenosis is a common complication in colorectal cancer patients (3-30%). Complete anastomotic stenosis is rare; however, when it occurs, almost all cases require surgical treatment. We herein report a case in which endoscopic dilation was effective for treating complete anastomotic stenosis after high anterior resection in a rectal cancer patient.Case presentation: The patient was a 67-year-old man who underwent laparoscopic high anterior resection for rectal cancer (RS, T4a, N0, M0, Stage IIB (TNM Classification of Malignant Tumors)) in May 2018. The postoperative course was good and the patient was discharged on the 12th postoperative day. Subsequently adjuvant chemotherapy was initiated with oral uracil and tegafur plus leucovorin (UFT/LV); however, he complained of frequent defecation and melena after completion of the first course of chemotherapy. Thus, colonoscopy was performed, which revealed anastomotic stenosis. Endoscopic dilation was initially attempted, but failed. Thus, low anterior resection was performed with diverting colostomy. Four additional courses of chemotherapy were administered for one month after surgery. At six months after the second surgery, colonoscopy was performed, and complete anastomotic stenosis was pointed out again. The patient was successfully treated by endoscopic dilation using the rendezvous method. After this treatment, the lumen of the anastomotic site was observed to have narrowed again and endoscopic dilatation to treat anastomotic stenosis was repeated. In addition, he received local injection of steroids in anastomotic stenosis site. The lumen of anastomotic stenosis remained after the local injection of steroids and closure of colostomy was performed nine months after the second operation.Conclusions: Endoscopic dilation using the rendezvous method was effective for treating anastomotic stenosis after colorectal surgery.
A multidisciplinary approach for non-responders after bariatric surgery: why does it matter?
Authors: Romeijn Marleen , Uittenbogaart Martine , Dielen François M. H. van , Luijten Arijan A. P. M. , Janssen Loes , Leclercq Wouter K. G.
Published: September 2020

Background: 20-30% of patients show a lack of response after bariatric surgery. These non-responders may experience insufficient weight loss or significant weight regain. While ongoing studies about the beneficial effect of revisional surgery on non-response are being reported, studies about the contributiveness of a multidisciplinary approach fall behind. The aim of this study was to describe the effect of a multidisciplinary approach on treatment strategy in non-responders after gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy.Methods: this retrospective study included non-responders that were reviewed in a multidisciplinary team meeting. Outcomes assessed were: given treatment (conservative versus operative), weight loss and complications after operative treatment. Outcomes were described separately for primary non- responders and secondary non-responders.Results: a total of 104 patients were included (n=15 primary, n=89 secondary non-response). Eleven patients underwent revisional surgery (13%), while 73 patients received conservative treatment as they were not eligible for surgery due to lifestyle and/or behavioural factors. Twenty patients did not show up at their appointment with the dietician, physical therapist and/or medical psychologist and were excluded from further analysis. Conservatively treated patients lost 2.1kg <12 months (SD=7.29) and 0.8kg <24 months (SD=5.08). Surgically treated patients lost 12.0kg <12 months (SD=4.29) and 26.3kg <24 months (SD=2.75). One complication occurred in a patient that underwent revisional surgery.Conclusions: a conservative treatment was more frequently proposed by the multidisciplinary team than a surgical treatment. A multidisciplinary approach can be beneficial for the identification of lifestyle and/or behavioural factors contributing to the development of non-response. More studies would help to establish the position of a multidisciplinary approach in the treatment of non-responders in future practices.
Adolescent BMI and Early-Onset Type 2 Diabetes Among Ethiopian Immigrants and Their Descendants: A Nationwide Study.
Authors: Simchoni Maya , Hamiel Uri , Pinhas-Hamiel Orit , Zucker Inbar , Cukierman-Yaffe Tali , Lutski Miri , Derazne Estela , Beer Zivan , Behar Doron , Keinan-Boker Lital , Mosenzon Ofri , Tzur Dorit , Afek Arnon , Tirosh Amir , Raz Itamar , Twig Gilad
Published: September 2020

Background: We assessed in a nationwide cohort the association between adolescent BMI and early-onset (<40 years) type 2 diabetes among Israelis of Ethiopian origin. Methods: Normoglycemic adolescents (range 16-20 years old), including 93,806 native Israelis (≥3 rd generation in Israel) and 27,684 Israelis of Ethiopian origin, were medically assessed for military service between 1996 and 2011. Weight and height were measured. Data were linked to the Israeli National Diabetes Registry. Incident type 2 diabetes by December 31, 2016 was the outcome. Cox regression models stratified by sex and BMI categories were applied. Results: 226 (0.29%) men and 79 (0.18%) women developed diabetes during 992,980 and 530,814 person-years follow-up, respectively, at a mean age of 30.4 and 27.4 years, respectively. Among native Israeli men with normal and high (overweight and obese) BMI, diabetes incidence was 9.5 and 62.0 (per 10 5 person-years), respectively. The respective incidences were 46.9 and 112.3 among men of Ethiopian origin. After adjustment for sociodemographic confounders, the hazard ratios for type 2 diabetes among Ethiopian men with normal and high BMI were 3.4 (2.3-5.1) and 15.8 (8.3-30.3) respectively, compared to third-generation Israelis with normal BMI. When this analysis was limited to Israeli-born Ethiopian men, the hazard ratios were 4.4 (1.7-11.4) and 29.1 (12.9-70.6), respectively. Results persisted when immigrants of other white Caucasian origin were the reference; and among women with normal, but not high, BMI. Conclusions: Ethiopian origin is a risk factor for early-onset type 2 diabetes among young men at any BMI, and may require selective interventions.
Behavioral Responses of Javanese Medaka (Oryzias Javanicus) Versus Zebrafish (Danio Rerio) in Open Field Test.
Authors: Sataa Nurul Syafida Asma’ Mohd , Bakar Noraini Abu , Hodin Nur Atikah Saleh , Ramlan Nurul Farhana , Ibrahim Wan Norhamidah Wan
Published: September 2020

Background: Locomotion is integral for animal survivability. However, the understandings of locomotor that lead to exhibition of multiple complex behaviors of fish models in response to an open field environment still remain unresolved. To determine whether two different fish models, Javanese medaka and zebrafish have similar baseline locomotor activity in open field paradigm, an open field test was used. Results: Results showed that Javanese medaka exhibit increased in exploratory activity with lower anxiety responses; exhibit a steady habituation response in OFT paradigm and vice versa in zebrafish. Medaka also took longer duration to establish home-base in comparison to the zebrafish. Although no other motor responses were observed, both fish species displayed strong preference of left eye used to assess the OFT tank. Conclusion: Medaka exhibits slower locomotors activity, lower anxiety responses and steadily maintains its locomotion once they reached habituation. In comparison, zebrafish demonstrated bolder behavioral phenotypes where they showed faster locomotors activity, higher anxiety responses with similar habituation response to the Javanese medaka. Thus, this present study revealed that two different teleost aquatic model organisms, Javanese medaka and zebrafish have different behavioral phenotypes in open field test.
Men’s reproductive coercion of women. Prevalence, experiences, and coping strategies. A mixed method study in urban health facilities in León, Nicaragua
Authors: Brenner Cecilia , G. William J. Ugarte , Carlsson Ida , Salazar Mariano
Published: September 2020

BackgroundReproductive coercion (RC) is quite a common form of violence against women. However, it mostly goes unrecognized by victims. It can take several expressions aiming at limiting a woman’s reproductive autonomy. Thus, the frequency and how reproductive coercion can be resisted must be investigated. There is limited research regarding RC in Latin America. Therefore, this study aimed to measure RC prevalence and associated factors and to explore the women experiences and coping strategies for RC.MethodsA convergent mixed-methods approach with parallel sampling was conducted in western Nicaragua. A quantitative phase was applied with 390 women 18–35 years old attending three main urban primary health care facilities. Lifetime and 12 months of exposure to RC behaviors including pregnancy promotion (PP) and contraceptive sabotage (CS) were assessed. Poisson regression with a robust variance estimator was used to obtain adjusted prevalence rate ratios and 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs). In addition, seven in-depth interviews were analyzed using content analysis.ResultsEver RC prevalence was 17.4% (95% CI, 13.8–21.6) with similar proportions reporting ever experiencing PP (12.6%, 95% CI 9.4–16.3) or ever experiencing CS (11.8%, 95% CI 8.7–15.4). The prevalence of last twelve months RC was slightly lower (12.3%, 95% CI, 9.2–16.0) than above. Twelve months PP (7.4%, 95% CI 5.0-10.5) and CS (8.7%, 95% CI 6.1–12.0) were also similar. Women considered that control is an expression of care. Women’s higher education was a protective factor against ever and 12 months of exposure to any RC behaviors by a current or former partner. Informants described a broad spectrum of coping strategies during and after exposure to RC. However, these rarely succeeded in preventing unintended pregnancies or regain women’s long-term fertility autonomy.ConclusionsIn Nicaragua, men’s RC is a pervasive continuous phenomenon that can be enacted through explicit or subtle behaviors. Women used different strategies to cope with RC but rarely succeeded in preventing unintended pregnancies or regain their long-term fertility autonomy. Thus, these findings highlight the need for a comprehensive health system response on different expressions of RC. There are important implications for improving female reproductive agency in Nicaragua and elsewhere.
AAV9-Retro mediates efficient transduction with axon terminal absorption and blood–brain barrier transportation
Authors: Lin Kunzhang , Zhong Xin , Li Lei , Ying Min , Yang Tian , Zhang Zhijian , He Xiaobin , Xu Fuqiang
Published: September 2020

Recombinant adeno-associated viruses (rAAVs), particularly those that permit efficient gene transfer to neurons from axonal terminals or across the blood–brain barrier, are useful vehicles for structural and functional studies of the neural circuit and for the treatment of many gene-deficient brain diseases that need to compensate for the correct genes in every cell in the whole brain. However, AAVs with these two advantages have not been reported. Here, we describe a new capsid engineering method, which exploits the combination of different capsids and aims to yield a capsid that can provide more alternative routes of administration that are more suitable for the wide-scale transduction of the central nervous system (CNS). A new AAV variant, AAV9-Retro, was developed by inserting the 10-mer peptide fragment from AAV2-Retro into the capsid of AAV9, and the biodistribution properties were evaluated in mice. By intracranial and intravenous injection in the mice, we found that AAV9-Retro can retrogradely infect projection neurons with an efficiency comparable to that of AAV2-Retro and retains the characteristic of AAV9, which can be transported across the nervous system. Our strategy provides a new tool for the manipulation of neural circuits and future preclinical and clinical treatment of some neurological and neurodegenerative disorders.
Comparison of prognostic impact of anatomic location of the pancreas on postoperative pancreatic fistula in laparoscopic and open gastrectomy
Authors: Kinoshita Jun , Yamaguchi Takahisa , Saito Hiroto , Moriyama Hideki , Shimada Mari , Terai Shiro , Okamoto Koichi , Nakanuma Shinichi , Makino Isamu , Nakamura Keishi , Tajima Hidehiro , Ninomiya Itasu , Fushida Sachio
Published: September 2020

Background: Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) is a serious complication after gastric cancer surgery. The current study aimed to investigate the significance of the anatomic location of the pancreas as a predictor for POPF in both laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG) and open gastrectomy (OG).Methods: In total, 233 patients with gastric cancer were assessed retrospectively. We measured the maximum vertical (P-L height; PLH) and horizontal length (P-L depth; PLD) between the upper border of pancreas and the root of left gastric artery on a preoperative CT in the sagittal direction. The maximum length of the vertical line between the surface of the pancreas and the aorta (P-A length), previously reported as prognostic factor of POPF, was also measured. We investigated the correlations between these parameters and the incidence of POPF in LG and OG groups. Results: Among the patients in this study, 118 underwent OG and 115 underwent LG. In LG, the median PLH and P-A length in patients with POPF were significantly longer compared with those without POPF (p=0.026, 0.034, respectively), but not in OG. There was no significant difference in the median PLD between the patients with or without POPF in both LG and OG. The multivariate analysis demonstrated that PLH (odds ratio [OR] 4.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.57–11.3, P=0.004) and P-A length (OR 4.06, 95%CI 1.05–15.7, P=0.042] were independent factors for predicting POPF in LG. However, intraoperative blood loss (OR 2.55, 95%CI 1.05–6.18, P=0.038) was extracted as an independent factor in OG. The median amylase level in the drained fluid (D-Amy) were significantly higher in patients with high PLH(≥12.4 mm) or high P-A length (≥45 mm) compared with those with low PLH or low P-A length in LG. However, there were no differences in the D-Amy levels by PLH or P-A length in OG patients.Conclusions: The anatomic location of the pancreas is a specific and independent predictor of POPF in LG but not in OG. PLH is a simple parameter that can evaluate the anatomic position of the pancreas, and it may be useful for preventing POPF after LG.