bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intermolecular vs molecule–substrate interactions: A combined STM and theoretical study of supramolecular phases on graphene/Ru(0001)
Authors: Roos Michael , Uhl Benedikt , Künzel Daniela , Hoster Harry E , Groß Axel , Behm R Jürgen
Published: July 2011

The competition between intermolecular interactions and long-range lateral variations in the substrate–adsorbate interaction was studied by scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) and force field based calculations, by comparing the phase formation of (sub-) monolayers of the organic molecules (i) 2-phenyl-4,6-bis(6-(pyridin-3-yl)-4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyridin-2-yl)pyrimidine (3,3'-BTP) and (ii) 3,4,9,10-perylene tetracarboxylic-dianhydride (PTCDA) on graphene/Ru(0001). For PTCDA adsorption, a 2D adlayer phase was formed, which extended over large areas, while for 3,3'-BTP adsorption linear or ring like structures were formed, which exclusively populated the areas between the maxima of the moiré structure of the buckled graphene layer. The consequences for the competing intermolecular interactions and corrugation in the adsorption potential are discussed and compared with the theoretical results.
Zero Net Energy Test House
Authors: Hemsath Timothy L , Goedert James D , Schwer Avery D , Cho Yong K
Published: July 2011

This paper describes the first phase of a residential research program to reduce the impact of new construction on the environment through research and education using a Zero Net Energy Test House as a framework. Containing four bedrooms, three and a half baths, the 1,800 square foot house, 1,000 square foot basement, is located in Omaha, Nebraska. It is being used to validate several research projects and provides a platform for applications research of a number of technological advances. Laminated photovoltaic solar panels, a wind turbine, and an occupant monitoring energy control system are some of the sustainable design innovations incorporated. Sustainable features are described that detail the application for LEED Platinum certification. Integrated into several University of Nebraska courses, the house has reached more than 200 students in the past year. Interdisciplinary teaching has involved design, construction, research, monitoring and energy analysis. Education opportunities have reached K–12 students, industry professionals, and public through tours and presentations.
Foxp3-Mediated Suppression of CD95L Expression Confers Resistance to Activation-Induced Cell Death in Regulatory T Cells
Authors: Weiss Eva-Maria , Schmidt Angelika , Vobis Diana , Garbi Natalio , Lahl Katharina , Mayer Christian T. , Sparwasser Tim , Ludwig Andreas , Suri-Payer Elisabeth , Oberle Nina , Krammer Peter H.
Published: July 2011

CD4+CD25++Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) control self-reactive cells to maintain peripheral tolerance. Treg homeostasis has to be controlled tightly to ensure balanced Treg-mediated suppression. One mechanism that regulates the CD4+ T cell pool is activation-induced cell death (AICD). This is mimicked in vitro by TCR restimulation-induced expression of the death ligand CD95L (FasL/APO-1L/CD178) in expanded T cells. These cells express the death receptor CD95 (Fas/APO-1), and binding of CD95L to CD95 results in AICD. In contrast, Tregs do not undergo AICD upon TCR (re)stimulation in vitro despite a functional CD95 cell death pathway. In this study, we show that human and murine Tregs express low levels of CD95L upon stimulation. Knockdown of the transcriptional repressor Foxp3 partially rescues CD95L expression and AICD in human Tregs. Moreover, upon stimulation Foxp3-mutant Tregs from Scurfy mice express CD95L similar to conventional T cells. We further addressed whether exogenous CD95 stimulation provides a mechanism of Treg homeostatic control in vivo in mice. Triggering of CD95 reduced Treg numbers systemically as reflected by in vivo imaging and decreased GFP+ Treg numbers ex vivo. Our study reveals that Foxp3 negatively regulates CD95L expression in Tregs and demonstrates that Tregs are susceptible to homeostatic control by CD95 stimulation.
Cytosolic Phospholipase A2α Blockade Abrogates Disease during the Tissue-Damage Effector Phase of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Its Action on APCs
Authors: Thakker Paresh , Marusic Suzana , Stedman Nancy L. , Lee Katherine L. , McKew John C. , Wood Andrew , Goldman Samuel J. , Leach Michael W. , Collins Mary , Kuchroo Vijay K. , Wolf Stanley F. , Clark James D. , Hassan-Zahraee Mina
Published: July 2011

Cytosolic phospholipase A2α (cPLA2α) is the rate-limiting enzyme for release of arachidonic acid, which is converted primarily to PGs via the cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 pathways and to leukotrienes via the 5-lipoxygenase pathway. We used adoptive transfer and relapsing–remitting forms of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis, in two different strains of mice (SJL or C57BL/6) to demonstrate that blockade of cPLA2α with a highly specific small-molecule inhibitor during the tissue-damage effector phase abrogates the clinical manifestation of disease. Using the adoptive transfer model in SJL mice, we demonstrated that the blockade of cPLA2α during the effector phase of disease was more efficacious in ameliorating the disease pathogenesis than the blockade of each of the downstream enzymes, cyclooxygenase-1/2 and 5-lipooxygenase. Similarly, blockade of cPLA2α was highly efficacious in ameliorating disease pathogenesis during the effector phase of EAE in the adoptive transfer model of EAE in C57BL/6 mice. Investigation of the mechanism of action indicates that cPLA2α inhibitors act on APCs to diminish their ability to induce Ag-specific effector T cell proliferation and proinflammatory cytokine production. Furthermore, cPLA2α inhibitors may prevent activation of CNS-resident microglia and may increase oligodendrocyte survival. Finally, in a relapsing–remitting model of EAE in SJL mice, therapeutic administration of a cPLA2α inhibitor, starting from the peak of disease or during remission, completely protected the mice from subsequent relapses.
Antigen-Specific TGF-β–Induced Regulatory T Cells Secrete Chemokines, Regulate T Cell Trafficking, and Suppress Ongoing Autoimmunity
Authors: Nguyen Thanh-Long M. , Sullivan Nicole L. , Ebel Mark , Teague Ryan M. , DiPaolo Richard J.
Published: July 2011

The ability to regulate ongoing inflammation using regulatory T cells (Tregs) is under intense investigation. Strategies to induce and expand Ag-specific Tregs are being developed, and whether various types of Tregs are suppressive in the inflammatory conditions associated with ongoing disease needs to be determined. In this study, we report that TGF-β–induced Tregs (iTregs) and expanded Tregs specific for a major self-Ag in autoimmune gastritis suppress inflammation and associated pathology when administered late in the process of ongoing disease. Transferred iTregs localized to the stomach, maintained Foxp3 and suppressor functions, and engaged several distinct mechanisms to alleviate disease progression. In addition to suppressing the production of inflammatory cytokines in the stomach and preventing the destruction of parietal cells, we show that iTregs secrete numerous chemokines and regulate both iTreg and effector T cell trafficking into the stomach. These data support efforts to use iTregs in therapies to treat autoimmunity and inflammatory diseases and provide novel insight into the biological mechanisms of iTreg-mediated immune suppression.
Selection of Individual VH Genes Occurs at the Pro-B to Pre-B Cell Transition
Authors: Meng Wenzhao , Yunk Lenka , Wang Li-San , Maganty Avinash , Xue Emily , Cohen Philip L. , Eisenberg Robert A. , Weigert Martin G. , Mancini Stephane J. C. , Luning Prak Eline T.
Published: July 2011

B cells are subjected to selection at multiple checkpoints during their development. The selection of Ab H chains is difficult to study because of the large diversity of the CDR3. To study the selection of individual Ab H chain V region genes (VH), we performed CDR3 spectratyping of ∼75–300 rearrangements per individual VH in C57BL6/J mice. We measured the fraction of rearrangements that were in-frame in B cell DNA. We demonstrate that individual VHs have different fractions of in-frame rearrangements (IF fractions) ranging from 10 to 90% and that these IF fractions are reproducible in different mice. For most VHs, the IF fraction in pro-B cells approximated 33% and then shifted to the nearly final (mature) B cell value by the cycling pre-B cell stage. The frequency of high in-frame (IF) VH usage increased in cycling pre-B cells compared with that in pro-B cells, whereas this did not occur for low IF VHs. The IF fraction did not shift as much in BCR-expressing B cells and was minimally affected by L chain usage for most VH. High IF clan II/III VHs share more positively charged CDR2 sequences, whereas high IF clan I J558 CDR2 sequences are diverse. These data indicate that individual VHs are subjected to differential selection, that VH IF fraction is mainly established through pre-BCR–mediated selection, that it may operate differently in clan I versus II/III VHs, and that it has a lasting influence on the Ab repertoire.
Knowledge and practices towards malaria amongst residents of Bushbuckridge, Mpumalanga, South Africa
Authors: Hlongwana Khumbulani W. , Zitha Alpheus , Mabuza Aaron M. , Maharaj Rajendra
Published: July 2011

Background: Malaria remains one of the greatest public health challenges worldwide and it is amongst the top killers in sub-Saharan Africa. There is however, a general scepticism about the accuracy of Health Management Information Systems (HMIS) in recording all the episodes of malaria in Africa. Given the importance of community knowledge of malaria, its signs and symptoms, as well as prompt treatment-seeking behaviour, the study assessing adult residents’ knowledge and practices in Bushbuckridge provided much needed insights into the Malaria Control Programme (MCP). Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine the adult residents’ knowledge and practices towards malaria in Bushbuckridge, Mpumalanga Province, South Africa.Method: The study was undertaken as a descriptive cross-sectional survey in Bushbuckridge in August 2008. Six hundred and two (602) household heads or their proxies from the randomly selected households in 20 localities were interviewed (one household member per household), using a structured field-piloted questionnaire.Results: Approximately 93% of the respondents had heard about malaria, 84.6% of whom correctly associated it with mosquito bites. The health facility (29.1%) and radio (19.8%) were the main sources of malaria information. Knowledge of signs and symptoms was low, whilst treatment-seeking intention at the health facility was high (99%) with 82% of which would be carried out promptly. Survey data showed an indoor residual spraying (IRS) coverage of approximately 70% and a good understanding of the reasons for spraying. Walls were replastered infrequently and no evidence was established linking it to the removal of insecticide marks on the wall.Conclusion: The study revealed not only that householders possessed an adequate knowledge of malaria, but also that they had positive malaria treatment-seeking intentions. Their knowledge of malaria signs and symptoms was inadequate and required attention. Whilst IRS coverage needed some improvements, the reasons for IRS were well known.
Increased Circulating Level of the Survival Factor GP88 (Progranulin) in the Serum of Breast Cancer Patients When Compared to Healthy Subjects
Authors: Tkaczuk Katherine Rak , Yue Binbin , Zhan Min , Tait Nancy , Yarlagadda Lavanya , Dai Huifang , Serrero Ginette
Published: July 2011

Introduction

GP88 (PC-Cell Derived Growth Factor, progranulin) is a glycoprotein overexpressed in breast tumors and involved in their proliferation and survival. Since GP88 is secreted, an exploratory study was established to compare serum GP88 level between breast cancer patients (BC) and healthy volunteers (HV).

Methods

An IRB approved prospective study enrolled 189 stage 1–4 BC patients and 18 HV. GP88 serum concentration was determined by immunoassay.

Results

Serum GP88 level was 28.7+ 5.8 ng/ml in HV and increased to 40.7+ 16.0 ng/ml ( P= 0.007) for stage 1-3 and 45.3 +23.3 ng/ml ( P = 0.0007) for stage 4 BC patients. There was no correlation between the GP88 level and BC characteristics such as age, race, tumor grade, ER, PR and HER-2 expression.

Conclusion

These data suggest that serial testing of serum GP88 levels may have value as a circulating biomarker for detection, monitoring and follow up of BC.
Remote sensing of aerosols by using polarized, directional and spectral measurements within the A-Train: the PARASOL mission
Authors: Tanré D. , Bréon F. M. , Deuzé J. L. , Dubovik O. , Ducos F. , François P. , Goloub P. , Herman M. , Lifermann A. , Waquet F.
Published: July 2011

Abstract. Instruments dedicated to aerosol monitoring are recently available and the POLDER (POLarization and Directionality of the Earth's Reflectances) instrument on board the PARASOL (Polarization & Anisotropy of Reflectances for Atmospheric Sciences coupled with Observations from a Lidar) mission is one of them. By measuring the spectral, angular and polarization properties of the radiance at the top of the atmosphere, in coordination with the other A-Train instruments, PARASOL provides the aerosol optical depths (AOD) as well as several optical and microphysical aerosol properties. The instrument, the inversion schemes and the list of aerosol parameters are described. Examples of retrieved aerosol parameters are provided as well as innovative approaches and further inversion techniques.
High-resolution records of the beryllium-10 solar activity proxy in ice from Law Dome, East Antarctica: measurement, reproducibility and principal trends
Authors: Pedro J. B. , Smith A. M. , Simon K. J. , van Ommen T. D. , Curran M. A. J.
Published: July 2011

Abstract. Three near-monthly resolution 10Be records are presented from the Dome Summit South (DSS) ice core site, Law Dome, East Antarctica. The chemical preparation and Accelerator Mass Spectrometer (AMS) measurement of these records is described. The reproducibility of 10Be records at DSS is assessed through intercomparison of the ice core data with data from two previously published and contemporaneous snow pits. We find generally good agreement between the five records, comparable to that observed between other trace chemical records from the site. This result allays concerns raised by a previous Antarctic study (Moraal et al., 2005) about poor reproducibility of ice core 10Be records. A single composite series is constructed from the three ice cores providing a monthly-resolved record of 10Be concentrations at DSS over the past decade (1999 to 2009). To our knowledge, this is the first published ice core data spanning the recent exceptional solar minimum of solar cycle 23. 10Be concentrations are significantly correlated to the cosmic ray flux recorded by the McMurdo neutron monitor (rxy = 0.64, with 95 % CI of 0.53 to 0.71), suggesting that solar modulation of the atmospheric production rate may explain up to ~40 % of the variance in 10Be concentrations at DSS. Sharp concentration peaks occur in most years during the summer-to-autumn, possibly caused by stratospheric incursions. Our results underscore the presence of both production and meteorological signals in ice core 10Be data.
Using online databases for landslide susceptibility assessment: an example from the Veneto Region (northeastern Italy)
Authors: Floris M. , Iafelice M. , Squarzoni C. , Zorzi L. , De Agostini A. , Genevois R.
Published: July 2011

Abstract. In this paper, spatial data available in the Italian portals was used to evaluate the landslide susceptibility of the Euganean Hills Regional Park, located SW of Padua (northeastern Italy). Quality, applicability and possible analysis scales of the online data were investigated. After a brief overview on the WebGIS portals around the world, their contents and tools for natural risk analyses, a susceptibility analysis of the study area was carried out using a simple probabilistic approach that compared landslide distribution and influencing factors. The input factors used in the analysis depended on available data and included landslides, morphometric data (elevation, slope, curvature, profile and plan Curvature) and non-morphometric data (land use, distance to roads and distance to rivers). Great attention was paid to the pre-processing step, in particular the re-classification of continuous data that was performed following objective, geologic and geomorphologic criteria. The results of the study show that the simple probabilistic approach used for the susceptibility evaluation showed quite good accuracy and precision (repeatability). However, heuristic, statistical or deterministic methods could be applied to the online data to improve the prediction. The data available online for the Italian territory allows susceptibility assessment at medium and large scales. Morphometric factors, such as elevation and slope angle, are important because they implicitly include information that is not available, such as lithologic and structural data. The main drawback of the Italian online databases is the lack of information on the frequency of landslides; thus, a complete hazard analysis is not possible. Despite the good results achieved to date, collection and sharing of data on natural risks must be improved in Italy and around the world. The creation of spatial data infrastructure and more WebGIS portals is desirable.
Prostiva RF Therapy (Transurethral Needle Ablation): Evaluation of Results from 127 Patients
Authors: Tamai Alado , Aloisi Alberto , Fabrello Miriam
Published: July 2011

Aims of Study

Following the latest guidelines, management of LUTS/BPH includes not only conventional prostatic surgery, but also the minimally invasive treatment (MIT) of symptoms, with great attention given to improvement in the quality of life. One such MIT for BPH is the Prostiva RF Therapy (Transurethral Needle Ablation). The aim of the study was to evaluate the results obtained from 127 patients (pts) treated with Prostiva.

Materials and Methods

The Prostiva RF Therapy is a MIT indicated in the treatment of BPH<50 gr with no median lobe and with PSA inside normal limits. This procedure employs low-level radio frequency energy delivered from a generator. From October 2004 to January 2009 120 pts (mean age: 64 years) were treated with Prostiva RF Therapy at two Italian centers. International Prostate Symptom Score (I-PSS), Quality of life (QoL) and Index of Erectile Dysfunction (IIEF5) were compared between baseline and last follow-up.

Results

Mean FU was 27 months ± 24. At baseline, the mean prostate size was 36.62±16 gr. At enrollment, 70 of 120 pts (58%) were under pharmacological treatment for BPH. 102 pts were treated under spinal anesthesia and 18 under local anesthesia. The total average time of the procedure was 28’. The average number of ablations was 5. Uroflowmetry showed a significant improvement in 67% of pts. 63% reported overall satisfaction with I-PSS and QoL improvement. 25% pts needed further therapies (15% pharmacological, 10% TURP). There were no serious complications, 12% needed prolonged catheterization (max 7 days), 6% experienced transient irritation (max 2 weeks), 5 pts experienced transitory ejaculation disorders, and 1 pt anejaculation. There were no significant differences in IIEF -5 either before or after the procedure.

Conclusions

In our experience the PT was effective in 66% of treated patients. The procedure was easy, safe and feasible to be carried out under local anesthesia.
Novel Pharmacological Interventions to Maintain Sinus Rhythm after DC Cardioversion
Authors: Thomas D. E. , Yousef Z. , Anderson R. A.
Published: July 2011

Despite the availability of potentially curative interventions for atrial fibrillation, there remains an important role for conventional anti-arrhythmic therapy and anti-coagulation combined with direct current cardioversion. Unfortunately, the latter approach is disturbed by high recurrence rates of atrial fibrillation. In recent years, several adjunctive therapies have emerged which may facilitate the maintenance of sinus rhythm. These novel therapies and their potential mechanisms of action are reviewed in this article.
Cancer Risk and Behavioral Factors, Comorbidities, and Functional Status in the US Elderly Population
Authors: Akushevich Igor , Kravchenko Julia , Akushevich Lucy , Ukraintseva Svetlana , Arbeev Konstantin , Yashin Anatoliy
Published: July 2011

About 80% of all cancers are diagnosed in the elderly and up to 75% of cancers are associated with behavioral factors. An approach to estimate the contribution of various measurable factors, including behavior/lifestyle, to cancer risk in the US elderly population is presented. The nationally representative National Long-Term Care Survey (NLTCS) data were used for measuring functional status and behavioral factors in the US elderly population (65+), and Medicare Claims files linked to each person from the NLTCS were used for estimating cancer incidence. The associations (i.e., relative risks) of selected factors with risks of breast, prostate, lung and colon cancers were evaluated and discussed. Behavioral risk factors significantly affected cancer risks in the US elderly. The most influential of potentially preventable risk factors can be detected with this approach using NLTCS-Medicare linked dataset and for further deeper analyses employing other datasets with detailed risk factors description.
Separation and Quantification of Eight Antidiabetic Drugs on A High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Its Application to Human Plasma Assay
Authors: Lakshmi Karunanidhi S. , Rajesh Tirumala
Published: July 2011

An analytical method based on isocratic reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography was developed and validated for the separation and quantification of eight antidiabetic drugs: rosiglitazone, pioglitazone, glipizide, gliclazide, repaglinide, nateglinide, glibenclamide, and glimepiride for their application in human plasma assay. Metformin is used as internal standard. Analysis was done on Onyx monolithic C18 column (100×4.6 mm, i.d., 5 μm) using a mixture of 0.05% formic acid in water and methanol in the ratio of 42 : 58 (v/v) fixed at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min, and they were monitored at 234 nm. Separation was achieved in less than 20 min. The calibration curves were linear in the range of 50–2000 ng/mL. The method was validated for its recovery, intra- and interday precision, stability, specificity, and selectivity. Plasma samples were prepared using solid-phase extraction of analytes. Hence, the developed method was found to be suitable for the routine analysis of selected antidiabetic drugs in biological matrices.
Synthesis, Characterization, Thermal Properties, and Antimicrobial Activities of 5-(Diethylamino)-2-(5-nitro-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)phenol and Its Transition Metal Complexes
Authors: Padalkar Vikas S. , Patil Vikas S. , Gupta Vinod D. , Phatangare Kiran R. , Umape Prashant G. , Sekar N.
Published: July 2011

Synthesis and antimicrobial activities of new metal [Co(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), and Fe(II)] complexes from 5-(diethylamino)-2-(5-nitro-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)phenol are described. The newly synthesized ligands were characterized by IR,1H NMR, and LC-MS analysis, and metal-ligand complex formations were confirmed by using atomic absorption spectroscopy and elemental analysis. All complexes show significant in vitro antibacterial activities againstE. coliandS. aureusstrains and in vitro antifungal activity againstC. albicansandA. nigerstrains by using serial dilution method. The antibacterial activities were expressed as the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in μg/mL. Thermal properties and electrochemical behavior of novel transition metal complexes have been studied.
A New Approach to Dyeing of 80 : 20 Polyester/Cotton Blended Fabric Using Disperse and Reactive Dyes
Authors: Muralidharan B. , Laya S.
Published: July 2011

Polyester/Cotton blended fabrics are normally dyed by two-bath or one-bath two-step dyeing method. This paper deals with a new approach involving azeotropic ternary mixture of organic solvents pretreatment to dye polyester/cotton blends using disperse and reactive dyes in one-bath method. The effect of solvent pretreatments on dyeability, fastness, and few physicochemical properties has been investigated involving SEM, FTIR, DSC, and XRD studies, and results are presented.
Encuestas electorales online: nuevos retos, viejos problemas
Authors: Pavía Miralles José Manuel , Rausell Köster Pau , Marco Serrano Francisco , Col Serrano Vicente
Published: July 2011

Internet ha supuesto una auténtica revolución que está abriendo interesantesposibilidades de investigación a los científi cos sociales. Comométodo de encuesta presenta evidentes ventajas que merecen ser exploradaspara la prospección electoral. Con motivo de las elecciones arector 2010 de la Universitat de València, por primera vez en España serealizó una encuesta científi ca online de un proceso electoral. El sondeomostró claramente las tendencias generales de la elección y la ordenaciónde los candidatos, infl uyó en las estrategias de campaña de loscandidatos y permitió confi rmar dos hipótesis sobre el comportamientode los electores que a priori pensábamos iban a producirse: los efectossexo y centro de adscripción. Las técnicas de post-estratifi cación ycalibración empleadas, sin embargo, no fueron capaces de corregir suficientemente el sesgo de no-respuesta de la encuesta: las prediccionessubestimaron sistemáticamente los resultados del candidato ganador.
¿Es el multiculturalismo bueno para los inmigrantes?
Authors: Martínez-Bascuñán Ramírez Marián
Published: July 2011

Este artículo refl exiona críticamente sobre un conjunto de trabajos quecontemplan procesos de inclusión de inmigrantes; en particular aquellaliteratura que concibe estos grupos como minorías culturales defi nidaspor sus identidades colectivas. En su lugar se propone la conceptualizaciónde los mismos como grupos sociales estructurales. Su construccióntratará de explicarse a partir de su posicionamiento similar en ejessociales de desventaja a través de procesos sociales estructurales dedesigualdad como son el racismo sistémico, la división del trabajo o lanormalización. Por último se incluye una perspectiva de género paraexplicar procesos relacionales de la estructura social generados específi -camente por razones de género, que sin embargo tienden a invisibilizarsetanto en debates teóricos como en discusiones sobre políticas deinclusión de inmigrantes.
El control organizacional en el siglo XXI: en busca del trabajador autodisciplinado
Authors: Revilla Castro Juan Carlos , Tovar Martínez Francisco José
Published: July 2011

La forma de ejercer el control organizacional continúa siendo central para lasciencias sociales del trabajo. El acercamiento desde el poder disciplinariopodría resultar útil, si bien Foucault no diferenció apenas diferentes modalidadesde control disciplinario en las organizaciones. Nuestro objetivo es ladescripción de diferentes lógicas de control organizacional a partir del discursode muy diferentes tipos de trabajadores entrevistados individualmente (35) oen grupos de discusión (11). Algunas formas clásicas de control siguenpresentes, pero también aparecen nuevas lógicas y modalidades, caracterizadaspor la atribución de responsabilidad y autonomía a los trabajadores, si bieneste supuesto autodisciplinamiento oculta simplemente una mayor distanciaentre los trabajadores y la fuente de poder, lo que hace más invisible el controlorganizacional y difi culta la oposición a estas nuevas lógicas.
Nichos étnicos y movilidad socio-ocupacional: el caso del colectivo polaco en Madrid
Authors: Stanek Mikolaj
Published: July 2011

El artículo analiza la relación entre la participación en los nichos étnicos y lamovilidad socio-ocupacional de los inmigrantes polacos en la Comunidadde Madrid. El estudio combina las técnicas de análisis cuantitativos ycualitativos basándose en los datos recogidos en una encuesta y enentrevistas en profundidad. Los resultados ponen de manifi esto que lospolacos se concentran en dos específi cos nichos étnicos: los varones en laconstrucción y las mujeres en el servicio doméstico en régimen por horas.En este contexto, la movilidad socio-ocupacional está fuertementediferenciada en razón de género dependiendo de la distribución de lospapeles productivos y reproductivos entre varones y mujeres dentro de loshogares así como de las estructuras de oportunidad existentes dentro decada nicho étnico.
Consumo político y cosmopolitismo. Un estudio de participación política postconvencional en España
Authors: Llopis Goig Ramón
Published: July 2011

Esta investigación trata de contrastar empíricamente la hipótesis de queel consumo político puede ser considerado como una forma de participaciónpolítica a cuyo desarrollo estaría contribuyendo el cosmopolitismo.Tras ofrecer un análisis de las implicaciones teóricas de tal hipótesis,se efectúa una propuesta de operacionalización del cosmopolitismoy se muestra su mayor presencia entre aquellos individuos que hancomprado o boicoteado productos de consumo por razones éticas,políticas o medioambientales. También se ha realizado una comprobaciónulterior de la asociación entre cosmopolitismo y consumo políticocontrolando el efecto de las principales variables sociodemográfi cassobre este último. El estudio confi rma la hipótesis de que el consumopolítico puede ser considerado como una modalidad de participaciónpolítica relacionada con el cosmopolitismo.
The Effelsberg Bonn H I Survey (EBHIS)
Authors: Kerp J. , Winkel B. , Ben Bekhti N. , Flöer L. , Kalberla P.M.W.
Published: July 2011

The Effelsberg‐Bonn H I survey (EBHIS) comprises an all‐sky survey north of Dec = –5° of the Milky Way and the local volume out to a red‐shift of z ≃ 0.07. Using state of the art Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) spectrometers it is feasible to cover the 100 MHz bandwidth with 16.384 spectral channels. High speed storage of H I spectra allows us to minimize the degradation by Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) signals. Regular EBHIS survey observations started during the winter season 2008/2009 after extensive system evaluation and verification tests. Until today, we surveyed about 8000 square degrees, focusing during the first all‐sky coverage of the Sloan‐Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) area and the northern extension of the Magellanic stream. The first whole sky coverage will be finished in 2011. Already this first coverage will reach the same sensitivity level as the Parkes Milky Way (GASS) and extragalactic surveys (HIPASS). EBHIS data will be calibrated, stray‐radiation corrected and freely accessible for the scientific community via a webinterface. In this paper we demonstrate the scientific data quality and explore the expected harvest of this new all‐sky survey (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The short‐period low‐mass binary system CC Com revisited
Authors: Köse O. , Kalomeni B. , Keskin V. , Ulaş B. , Yakut K.
Published: July 2011

In this study we determined precise orbital and physical parameters of the very short‐period low‐mass contact binary system CC Com. The parameters are obtained by analysis of new CCD data combined with archival spectroscopic data. The physical parameters of the cool and hot components are derived as Mc = 0.717(14) M⊙, Mh = 0.378(8) M⊙, Rc = 0.708(12) R⊙, Rh = 0.530(10) R⊙, Lc = 0.138(12) L⊙, and Lh = 0.085(7) L⊙, respectively, and the distance of the system is estimated as 64(4) pc. The times of minima obtained in this study and with those published before enable us to calculate the mass transfer rate between the components which is 1.6 × 10–8 M⊙ yr–1. Finally, we discuss the possible evolutionary scenario of CC Com (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Steam assisted biomass gasification—an overview
Authors: Kaushal Priyanka , Tyagi Rakesh
Published: July 2011

Biomass gasification technologies have matured over the years. In the past decade, numerous types of gasifiers have been developed and tested. This article reviews the status of steam assisted biomass gasifiers. It first discusses the challenges and the key operating parameters for steam‐biomass gasification and their effects on the gasifier performance. The article then summarises the progress and status of commercial or demonstration scale steam assisted biomass gasifiers available in the world.
The atypical thyroid fine‐needle aspiration: Past, present, and future
Authors: Bongiovanni Massimo , Krane Jeffrey F. , Cibas Edmund S. , Faquin William C.
Published: July 2011

Thyroid fine‐needle aspiration has developed into a key test in the evaluation of thyroid nodules. Although the interpretation of thyroid aspirates containing mild abnormalities is problematic, the introduction of the atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS) category in The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) has helped to delineate such cases in a systematic and clinically meaningful manner. Herein the authors review the cytomorphologic features associated with the AUS/FLUS interpretation and summarize the results of studies conducted since the implementation of TBSRTC. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2012;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Development of PhSCF2CF2SiMe3as a Tandem Anion and Radical Tetrafluoroethylene Equivalent: Preparation of Tetrafluoroethyl‐Substituted Alcohols and Tetrafluorotetrahydropyrans
Authors: Chernykh Yana , Hlat‐Glembová Katarina , Klepetářová Blanka , Beier Petr
Published: July 2011

PhSCF2CF2SiMe3(1) was developed as a tandem anion and radical tetrafluoroethylene equivalent for the introduction of a CF2CF2moiety. Fluoride‐initiated nucleophilic additions of1to carbonyl compounds provide the corresponding alcohol adducts2. Reduction of2gives tetafluoroethyl‐containing alcohols3, whereas 6‐exoradical cyclizations of allyl ethers4yield tetrafluorotetrahydropyrans5.
Electrochemical Activity of Novel Titanium‐Supported Porous Binary Pd‐Ru Particles for Ethanol Oxidation in Alkaline Media
Authors: Yi Qingfeng , Niu Fengjuan , Song Lihong , Liu Xiaoping , Nie Huidong
Published: July 2011

Novel titanium‐supported porous Pd and binary Pd‐Ru particles, nanoPd, Pd99Ru1, Pd96Ru4, Pd87Ru13, and Pd35Ru65, are obtained by using a hydrothermal method and investigated as electrocatalysts for ethanol oxidation in alkaline media. The prepared porous Pd catalyst (nanoPd) exhibits high electroactivity for ethanol oxidation in 1 M NaOH solution and further, introduction of Ru into Pd catalyst, leading to the synthesis of binary Pd99Ru1, Pd96Ru4, Pd87Ru13, and Pd35Ru65 catalysts, enhances the electroactivity for ethanol oxidation. Among the electrocatalysts investigated, the Pd87Ru13 catalyst displays the greatest electrocatalytic activity, which is characterized by the large anodic peak current density of 193.5 mA cm−2 for the positive scan and the most negative onset potential of −0.765 V for ethanol oxidation. Cyclic voltammetric responses show that ethanol oxidation on the Pd87Ru13 catalyst presents a large and wide peak current plateau on the positive‐going potential scan at higher ethanol concentrations and higher potential scan rates. In addition, electrochemical impedance spectra of the Pd87Ru13 catalyst exhibit low values of charge transfer resistances for ethanol oxidation and an obvious decline of impedance values with ethanol concentrations, showing significantly high electrocatalytic activity of the Pd87Ru13 catalyst for ethanol oxidation in alkaline solutions. The prepared binary Pd‐Ru catalysts could be promising alternatives to Pt electrodes applied in alkaline direct alcohol fuel cells.
A streamlined sustainability assessment tool for improved decision making in the urban water industry
Authors: Schulz Matthias , Short Michael D , Peters Gregory M
Published: July 2011

Water supply is a key consideration in sustainable urban planning. Ideally, detailed quantitative sustainability assessments are undertaken during the planning stage to inform the decision-making process. In reality, however, the significant time and cost associated with undertaking such detailed environmental and economic assessments is often cited as a barrier to wider implementation of these key decision support tools, particularly for decisions made at the local or regional government level. In an attempt to overcome this barrier of complexity, 4 water service providers in Melbourne, Australia, funded the development of a publicly available streamlined Environmental Sustainability Assessment Tool, which is aimed at a wide range of decision makers to assist them in broadening the type and number of water servicing options that can be considered for greenfield or backlog developments. The Environmental Sustainability Assessment Tool consists of a simple user interface and draws on life cycle inventory data to allow for rapid estimation of the environmental and economic performance of different water servicing scenarios. Scenario options can then be further prioritized by means of an interactive multicriteria analysis. The intent of this article is to identify the key issues to be considered in a streamlined sustainability assessment tool for the urban water industry, and to demonstrate the feasibility of generating accurate life cycle assessments and life cycle costings, using such a tool. We use a real-life case study example consisting of 3 separate scenarios for a planned urban development to show that this kind of tool can emulate life cycle assessments and life cycle costings outcomes obtained through more detailed studies. This simplified approach is aimed at supporting “sustainability thinking” early in the decision-making process, thereby encouraging more sustainable water and sewerage infrastructure solutions. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2012;8:183–193. © 2011 SETAC
Regulation of tenascin expression in bone
Authors: Morgan Jessica M. , Wong Alice , Yellowley Clare E. , Genetos Damian C.
Published: July 2011

Tenascins regulate cell interaction with the surrounding pericellular matrix. Within bone, tenascins C and W influence osteoblast adhesion and differentiation, although little is known about the regulation of tenascin expression. In this study we examined the effect of osteogenic differentiation, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and Wnt growth factors, and mechanical loading on tenascin expression in osteogenic cells. Osteogenic differentiation increased tenascin C (TnC), and decreased tenascin W (TnW), expression. Both growth factors and mechanical loading increased both TnC and TnW expression, albeit via distinct signaling mechanisms. Both BMP‐2 and Wnt5a induction of tenascin expression were mediated by MAP kinases. These data establish a role for BMP, Wnts, and mechanical loading in the regulation of tenascin expression in osteoblasts. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 3354–3363, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The balance between 4‐hydroxynonenal and intrinsic glutathione/glutathione S‐transferase A4 system may be critical for the epidermal growth factor receptor phosphorylation of human esophageal squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: Uno Kaname , Kato Katsuaki , Kusaka Gen , Asano Naoki , Iijima Katsunori , Shimosegawa Tooru
Published: July 2011

Oxidative stress might participate in the carcinogenesis of human esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (hESCC). 4‐Hydroxynonenal (HNE) is a major product of membrane lipid peroxidation with short life. It might act as an important mediator through the generation of adducts and activate epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling. It is mainly trapped with glutathione (GSH) and catalyzed by glutathione S‐transferases (GSTs). This study aimed to elucidate the possible participation of HNE, GSH/GST system, and EGFR signaling in hESCC development. Immunohistochemistry of HNE adducts, EGFR, and phosphorylated EGFR (pEGFR) was performed with hESCC specimens. The effect of HNE on the phosphorylation of EGFR and its downstream PhospholipaseCγ1 (PLCγ1) was investigated with KYSE30 cell‐line. Pretreatment with GSH inducer N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) or GSH inhibitor Buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) and mandatory transfection of hGSTA4 gene in KYSE30 were conducted to investigate the relationship between HNE and GSH/GST system. Immunoreactants of HNE adducts, EGFR, and pEGFR were increased in hESCC compared to non‐cancerous epithelium with positive correlations. The treatment of HNE ligand‐independently induced the phosphorylation of EGFR and PLCγ1 accompanying the diminishment of intracellular GSH level. NAC increased GSH contents but BSO decreased in dose‐dependent manners. Reflecting changes in GSH, HNE‐induced EGFR phosphorylation was suppressed by NAC, whereas it was promoted by BSO. Mandatory expression of hGSTA4 suppressed HNE‐induced events. We first demonstrated that the ligand‐independent activation of EGFR by the balance between the stimulation of HNE and the prevention of intrinsic GSH/GST system might participate in the development of hESCC. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Developing a Model of Source‐specific Interpersonal Conflict in Health Care
Authors: Guidroz Ashley M. , Wang Mo , Perez Lisa M.
Published: July 2011

Nurses work in complex social environments, and conflict may arise with fellow coworkers, their supervisor, physicians or the patients and family they care for. Although much research has documented the negative effects of conflict on nurses, no research to date has examined the comparative effect that conflict from all four sources can have on nurses. The purpose of this study is to test a model of workplace conflict where the negative effect of conflict on nurses will be experienced via emotional exhaustion. We test the mediator model by analysing the cross‐sectional data collected within one hospital (N1 = 182) and cross‐validating those results in a second hospital (N2 = 161). The pattern of results was largely consistent across the two samples indicating support for a mediated model of workplace conflict for physician, supervisor and patient. Conflict with other nurses, however, did not have a relationship with either emotional exhaustion or other personal and organizational outcomes. The theoretical and practical implications of the current findings, as well as the limitations and future research directions, are discussed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Standard Malay (Brunei)
Authors: Clynes Adrian , Deterding David
Published: July 2011

Malay (Bahasa Melayu) is a member of the Malayic subgroup of the Austronesian language family. This subgroup includes languages like Gayo in Sumatra (Eades & Hajek 2006), Minangkabau in Sumatra, and Iban in Borneo, as well as many local dialects of Malay found in Borneo, Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, and eastern Indonesia (Adelaar 2005).
Cannabinoids modulate spontaneous synaptic activity in retinal ganglion cells
Authors: MIDDLETON T. P. , PROTTI D. A.
Published: July 2011

The endocannabinoid (ECB) system has been found throughout the central nervous system and modulates cell excitability in various forms of short-term plasticity. ECBs and their receptors have also been localized to all retinal cells, and cannabinoid receptor activation has been shown to alter voltage-dependent conductances in several different retinal cell types, suggesting a possible role for cannabinoids in retinal processing. Their effects on synaptic transmission in the mammalian retina, however, have not been previously investigated. Here, we show that exogenous cannabinoids alter spontaneous synaptic transmission onto retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Using whole-cell voltage-clamp recordings in whole-mount retinas, we measured spontaneous postsynaptic currents (SPSCs) in RGCs in adult and young (P14–P21) mice. We found that the addition of an exogenous cannabinoid agonist, WIN55212-2 (5 μM), caused a significant reversible reduction in the frequency of SPSCs. This change, however, did not alter the kinetics of the SPSCs, indicating a presynaptic locus of action. Using blockers to isolate inhibitory or excitatory currents, we found that cannabinoids significantly reduced the release probability of both GABA and glutamate, respectively. While the addition of cannabinoids reduced the frequency of both GABAergic and glutamatergic SPSCs in both young and adult mice, we found that the largest effect was on GABA-mediated currents in young mice. These results suggest that the ECB system may potentially be involved in the modulation of signal transmission in the retina. Furthermore, they suggest that it might play a role in the developmental maturation of synaptic circuits, and that exogenous cannabinoids are likely able to disrupt retinal processing and consequently alter vision.
Resolution Limits of Secondary Electron Dopant Contrast in Helium Ion and Scanning Electron Microscopy
Authors: Jepson Mark , Liu Xiong , Bell David , Ferranti David , Inkson Beverley , Rodenburg Cornelia
Published: July 2011

As the miniaturization of semiconductor devices continues, characterization of dopant distribution within the structures becomes increasingly challenging. One potential solution is the use of the secondary electron signal produced in scanning electron (SEMs) or helium ion microscopes (HeIMs) to image the changes in electrical potential caused by the dopant atoms. In this article, the contrast mechanisms and resolution limits of secondary electron dopant contrast are explored. It is shown that the resolution of the technique is dependent on the extent of electrical potential present at a junction and that the resolution of dopant contrast can be improved in the HeIM after an in-situ plasma cleaning routine, which causes an oxide to form on the surface altering the contrast mechanism from electrical potential to material contrast.
The Coactivator activator CoAA regulates PEA3 group member transcriptional activity
Authors: Verreman Kathye , Baert Jean-Luc , Verger Alexis , Drobecq Hervé , Ferreira Elisabeth , de Launoit Yvan , Monte Didier
Published: July 2011

The PEA3 (polyoma enhancer activator 3) group members [ERM (ETS-related molecule), ER81 (ETS-related 81) and PEA3] of the Ets transcription factor family are involved in migration and dissemination processes during organogenesis and cancer development. In the present study, we report that the hnRNP (heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein)-like protein CoAA (Coactivator activator) interacts with the PEA3 group members and modulates their transcriptional activity. We also demonstrate that the CoAA YQ domain, containing tyrosine/glutamine-rich hexapeptide repeats, is necessary for the interaction, whereas the two N-terminal RRMs (RNA recognition motifs) of CoAA are required to enhance transcriptional activity. Finally, we show that CoAA is involved in the migration-enhancing action of PEA3 on MCF7 human cancer cells, suggesting that CoAA might be an important regulator of PEA3 group member activity during metastasis.