bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formulas for Generalized Two-Qubit Separability Probabilities
Authors: Slater Paul B.
Published: May 2018

To begin, we find certain formulas Q(k,α)=G1k(α)G2k(α), for k=-1,0,1,…,9. These yield that part of the total separability probability, P(k,α), for generalized (real, complex, quaternionic, etc.) two-qubit states endowed with random induced measure, for which the determinantal inequality ρPT>ρ holds. Here ρ denotes a 4×4 density matrix, obtained by tracing over the pure states in 4×(4+k)-dimensions, and ρPT denotes its partial transpose. Further, α is a Dyson-index-like parameter with α=1 for the standard (15-dimensional) convex set of (complex) two-qubit states. For k=0, we obtain the previously reported Hilbert-Schmidt formulas, with Q(0,1/2)=29/128 (the real case), Q(0,1)=4/33 (the standard complex case), and Q(0,2)=13/323 (the quaternionic case), the three simply equalling P(0,α)/2. The factors G2k(α) are sums of polynomial-weighted generalized hypergeometric functions pFp-1, p≥7, all with argument z=27/64=(3/4)3. We find number-theoretic-based formulas for the upper (uik) and lower (bik) parameter sets of these functions and, then, equivalently express G2k(α) in terms of first-order difference equations. Applications of Zeilberger’s algorithm yield “concise” forms of Q(-1,α), Q(1,α), and Q(3,α), parallel to the one obtained previously (Slater 2013) for P(0,α)=2Q(0,α). For nonnegative half-integer and integer values of α, Q(k,α) (as well as P(k,α)) has descending roots starting at k=-α-1. Then, we (Dunkl and I) construct a remarkably compact (hypergeometric) form for Q(k,α) itself. The possibility of an analogous “master” formula for P(k,α) is, then, investigated, and a number of interesting results are found.
Hydrogen Sulfide Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide‐Induced Diaphragm Dysfunction in Rats by Reducing Apoptosis and Inflammation through ROS/MAPK and TLR4/NF‐κB Signaling Pathways
Authors: Zhang Guo-Yu , Lu Dan , Duan Shao-Feng , Gao Ying-Ran , Liu Shi-Yu , Hong Ya , Dong Peng-Zhen , Chen Ya-Ge , Li Tao , Wang Da-Yong , Cheng Xiang-Shu , He Fei , Wei Jian-She , Li Guang-Yu , Zhang Qing-Yong , Wu Dong-Dong , Ji Xin-Ying
Published: May 2018

Diaphragm dysfunction is an important clinical problem worldwide. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is involved in many physiological and pathological processes in mammals. However, the effect and mechanism of H2S in diaphragm dysfunction have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we detected that the level of H2S was decreased in lipopolysaccharide‐ (LPS‐) treated L6 cells. Treatment with H2S increased the proliferation and viability of LPS‐treated L6 cells. We found that H2S decreased reactive oxygen species‐ (ROS‐) induced apoptosis through the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway in LPS‐treated L6 cells. Administration of H2S alleviated LPS‐induced inflammation by mediating the toll‐like receptor‐4 (TLR‐4)/nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) signaling pathway in L6 cells. Furthermore, H2S improved diaphragmatic function and structure through the reduction of inflammation and apoptosis in the diaphragm of septic rats. In conclusion, these findings indicate that H2S ameliorates LPS‐induced diaphragm dysfunction in rats by reducing apoptosis and inflammation through ROS/MAPK and TLR4/NF‐κB signaling pathways. Novel slow‐releasing H2S donors can be designed and applied for the treatment of diaphragm dysfunction.
Trauma and Growth: Impact of AIDS Activism
Authors: Rabkin Judith G. , McElhiney Martin C. , Harrington Mark , Horn Tim
Published: May 2018

Introduction. Our goal was to assess the long-term impact of AIDS activism of ACT UP/New York on the current adjustment of those who were members during its peak years (1987–1992), including assessment of trauma sequelae as well as posttraumatic growth.Methods. A 90-minute semistructured interview and 6 validated self-report scales were administered. We relied on purposive and snowball sampling to recruit potential participants. Areas covered include demographics, ACT UP participation, and psychiatric problems. Self-report scales provided approximate diagnoses of PTSD and depression, as well as coping, optimism, and related concepts.Results. Participants included 102 men (40% HIV-positive) and 23 women. Seventeen percent reported current symptoms suggesting PTSD, slightly above the range in general population studies. Symptoms consistent with depression were reported by 8% overall, with higher rates for HIV+ men. Enhanced sense of self, belief in change, and empowerment were reported by 93% of respondents, independent of concurrent PTSD or depression.Conclusions. Twenty-eight years later, ACT UP study participants recall their activist days during the AIDS epidemic as the peak experience of their lives. While some continue to have symptoms of stress and depression, most found that their activism has enriched their subsequent lives.
Tumor Elastography and Its Association with Collagen and the Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Riegler Johannes , Labyed Yassin , Rosenzweig Stephen , Javinal Vincent , Castiglioni Alessandra , Dominguez Claudia X. , Long Jason E. , Li Qingling , Sandoval Wendy , Junttila Melissa R. , Turley Shannon J. , Schartner Jill , Carano Richard A.D.
Published: May 2018

Purpose: The tumor microenvironment presents with altered extracellular matrix (ECM) and stroma composition, which may affect treatment efficacy and contribute to tissue stiffness. Ultrasound (US) elastography can visualize and quantify tissue stiffness noninvasively. However, the contributions of ECM and stromal components to stiffness are poorly understood. We therefore set out to quantify ECM and stroma density and their relation to tumor stiffness.

Experimental Design: A modified clinical ultrasound system was used to measure tumor stiffness and perfusion during tumor growth in preclinical tumor models. In vivo measurements were compared with collagen mass spectroscopy and automatic analysis of matrix and stromal markers derived from immunofluorescence images.

Results: US elastography estimates of tumor stiffness were positively correlated with tumor volume in collagen and myofibroblast-rich tumors, while no correlations were found for tumors with low collagen and myofibroblast content. US elastography measurements were strongly correlated with ex vivo mechanical testing and mass spectroscopy–based measurements of total collagen and immature collagen crosslinks. Registration of ultrasound and confocal microscopy data showed strong correlations between blood vessel density and T-cell density in syngeneic tumors, while no correlations were found for genetic tumor models. In contrast to collagen density, which was positively correlated with stiffness, no significant correlations were observed for hyaluronic acid density. Finally, localized delivery of collagenase led to a significant reduction in tumor stiffness without changes in perfusion 24 hours after treatment.

Conclusions: US elastography can be used as a potential biomarker to assess changes in the tumor microenvironment, particularly changes affecting the ECM. Clin Cancer Res; 24(18); 4455–67. ©2018 AACR.
Phase I Study of Oncolytic Vaccinia Virus GL-ONC1 in Patients with Peritoneal Carcinomatosis
Authors: Lauer Ulrich M. , Schell Martina , Beil Julia , Berchtold Susanne , Koppenhöfer Ursula , Glatzle Jörg , Königsrainer Alfred , Möhle Robert , Nann Dominik , Fend Falko , Pfannenberg Christina , Bitzer Michael , Malek Nisar P.
Published: May 2018

Purpose: Peritoneal carcinomatosis is common in advanced tumor stages or disease recurrence arising from gastrointestinal cancers, gynecologic malignancies, or primary peritoneal carcinoma. Because current therapies are mostly ineffective, new therapeutic approaches are needed. Here, we report on a phase I study designed to assess safety, MTD, and antitumor activity of intraperitoneal administration of oncolytic vaccinia virus GL-ONC1 in advanced stage peritoneal carcinomatosis patients.

Patients and Methods: GL-ONC1 was administered intraperitoneally every 4 weeks for up to four cycles at three different dose levels (107–109 pfu) following a standard 3+3 dose escalation design. GL-ONC1 was infused via an indwelling catheter that enabled repetitive analyses of peritoneal fluid biopsies. The primary study objective was safety of GL-ONC1 according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 4.0 (CTCAEv4.0).

Results: Patients with advanced-stage peritoneal carcinomatosis (n = 7) or advanced peritoneal mesothelioma (n = 2) received 24 doses of GL-ONC1. Adverse events were limited to grades 1–3, including transient flu-like symptoms and increased abdominal pain, resulting from treatment-induced peritonitis. No DLT was reported, and the MTD was not reached. Furthermore, no signs of viral shedding were observed. Importantly, in 8 of 9 study patients, effective intraperitoneal infections, in-patient replication of GL-ONC1, and subsequent oncolysis were demonstrated in cycle 1. All patients developed neutralizing activities against GL-ONC1.

Conclusions: GL-ONC1 was well tolerated when administered into the peritoneal cavity of patients with advanced stage peritoneal carcinomatosis. Efficient tumor cell infection, in-patient virus replication, and oncolysis were limited to treatment cycle 1 (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01443260). Clin Cancer Res; 24(18); 4388–98. ©2018 AACR.
Is There a Rationale behind Pharmacotherapy in Idiopathic Gynecomastia?
Authors: Kasielska-Trojan Anna , Danilewicz Marian , Antoszewski Bogusław
Published: May 2018

Background/Aims: The aim of this research was to analyze digit ratio in relation to estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) expression and to verify digit ratio (2D: 4D) as a marker of ER and PR overexpression in the male breast. Methods: This study included 35 patients who underwent breast reduction due to the idiopathic form of gynecomastia. The average age of the studied individuals was 25.7 years (SD = 7.8). ER and PR expression was detected in breasts, and digit ratios were calculated in patients with idiopathic gynecomastia. Results: ER expression did not correlate with the right (p = 0.51) and left 2D: 4D (p = 0.97). Also, there was no correlation between PR expression and 2D: 4D. A lack of correlation between these variables may result from the fact that the analyzed group of men with idiopathic gynecomastia was small in number, but at the same time, it appeared to be homogenous in these aspects (positive ER and/or PR expression and high digit ratio). Conclusion: High digit ratio in men with gynecomastia may tend to be a marker of overexpression of ER and PR. This may justify an early use of tamoxifen in men with gynecomastia and a high digit ratio.
Porphyria Cutanea Tarda Presenting with Scleroderma, Ichthyosis, Alopecia, and Vitiligo
Authors: MacGillivray Megan E. , Salopek Thomas G.
Published: May 2018

Porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) is a cutaneous porphyria that presents later in life with cutaneous findings in sun-exposed sites. We report a complex case of PCT in a 67-year-old woman with an unusual constellation of cutaneous findings: scleroderma, acquired ichthyosis, and nonscarring alopecia. Possible triggers for her PCT include tamoxifen treatment for breast cancer and carrier status of the hemochromatosis gene. High-dose chloroquine was used to successfully achieve clinical remission and normalize her uroporphyrins. While on chloroquine she developed extensive classic vitiligo. It is not clear if this is another feature of her complex and unusual PCT, or a consequence of her antimalarial therapy.
The Renin–Angiotensin System, Not the Kinin–Kallikrein System, Affects Post-Exercise Proteinuria
Authors: Koçer Günnur , Basralı Filiz , Kuru Oktay , Şentürk Ümit Kemal
Published: May 2018

Background/Aims: Temporary proteinuria post-exercise is common and is caused predominantly by renal haemodynamic alterations. One reason is up-regulation of angiotensin II (Ang II) due to the reducing effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. However, another, ignored, reason could be the kininase effect of ACE inhibition. This study investigated how ACE inhibition reduces post-exercise proteinuria: by either Ang II up-regulation inhibition or bradykinin elevation due to kininase activity inhibition. Methods: Our study included 10 volunteers, who completed 3 high-intensity exercise protocols involving cycling at 1-week intervals. The first protocol was a control arm, the second evaluated the effect of ACE inhibition and the third examined the effect of angiotensin type 1 receptor blockade. Upon application, both agents reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure; however, there were no statistically significant ­differences. In addition, total protein, microalbumin and ­β2-microglobulin excretion levels in urine specimens were analysed before, 30 min after and 120 min after the exercise protocols. Results: Total protein levels in urine samples were elevated in all 3 protocols after 30 min of high-intensity exercise, compared to baseline levels. However, both ACE inhibition and angiotensin type 1 receptor blockade suppressed total protein in the 30th min. In each protocol, total protein levels returned to the baseline after 120 min. Urinary microalbumin and β2-microglobulin levels during the control protocol were significantly higher 30 min post-exercise; however, only angiotensin type 1 receptor blockade suppressed microalbumin levels. Conclusion: The results indicated Ang II up-regulation, not bradykinin elevation, plays a role in post-exercise proteinuria.
The Epigenetic Factor KDM2B Regulates EMT and Small GTPases in Colon Tumor Cells
Authors: Zacharopoulou Nefeli , Tsapara Anna , Kallergi Galatea , Schmid Evi , Alkahtani Saad , Alarifi Saud , Tsichlis Philip N. , Kampranis Sotirios C. , Stournaras Christos
Published: May 2018

Background/Aims: The epigenetic factor KDM2B is a histone demethylase expressed in various tumors. Recently, we have shown that KDM2B regulates actin cytoskeleton organization, small Rho GTPases signaling, cell-cell adhesion and migration of prostate tumor cells. In the present study, we addressed its role in regulating EMT and small GTPases expression in colon tumor cells. Methods: We used RT-PCR for the transcriptional analysis of various genes, Western blotting for the assessment of protein expression and immunofluorescence microscopy for visualization of fluorescently labeled proteins. Results: We report here that KDM2B regulates EZH2 and BMI1 in HCT116 colon tumor cells. Knockdown of this epigenetic factor induced potent up-regulation of the protein levels of the epithelial markers E-cadherin and ZO-1, while the mesenchymal marker N-cadherin was downregulated. On the other hand, KDM2B overexpression downregulated the levels of both epithelial markers and upregulated the mesenchymal marker, suggesting control of EMT by KDM2B. In addition, RhoA, RhoB and RhoC protein levels diminished upon KDM2B-knockdown, while all three small GTPases became upregulated in KDM2B-overexpressing HCT116 cell clones. Interestingly, Rac1 GTPase level increased upon KDM2B-knockdown and diminished in KDM2B-overexpressing HCT116 colon tumor- and DU-145 prostate cancer cells. Conclusions: These results establish a clear functional role of the epigenetic factor KDM2B in the regulation of EMT and small-GTPases expression in colon tumor cells and further support the recently postulated oncogenic role of this histone demethylase in various tumors.
Snail/FOXK1/Cyr61 Signaling Axis Regulates the Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition and Metastasis in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Huang Xiaoting , Xiang Li , Li Yueqiao , Zhao Yingying , Zhu Huiqiong , Xiao Yizhi , Liu Mengwei , Wu Xiaosheng , Wang Zhiqing , Jiang Ping , Qing Haitao , Zhang Qiang , Liu Guangnan , Zhang Wenjing , Li Aimin , Chen Ye , Liu Side , Wang Jide
Published: May 2018

Background/Aims: Metastasis is the primary cause of colorectal cancer (CRC)-related death. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying metastasis in CRC remain unclear. Methods: We evaluated mRNA and protein expression levels by quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR, western blotting, immunofluorescence, tissue microarrays, and immunohistochemistry assays. We also assessed the migration and invasion abilities of CRC cells in vitro by wound healing assays, invasion and migration assays, western blot analysis, and immunofluorescence. Tumor metastasis was evaluated in nude mice in vivo. Results: A positive correlation was observed between the expression patterns of Forkhead box k1 (FOXK1) and Snail in CRC. Luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that Snail directly bound to and activated the human FOXK1 gene promoter. Moreover, the Snail-FOXK1 axis promote epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT)-mediated CRC cell invasion and metastasis. FOXK1 and Snail expression levels were correlated with tumor progression and served as significant predictors of overall survival in patients with CRC. Furthermore, overexpression of FOXK1 induced the EMT by upregulating the expression of cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 (Cyr61). Luciferase assays showed that Cyr61 was a direct transcriptional target of FOXK1. Down regulation of Cyr61 decreased FOXK1-enhanced “CRC cell” migration, invasion, and metastasis. Additionally, FOXK1 expression was positively correlated with Cyr61 expression and was associated with poor prognosis. Conclusions: The Snail/FOXK1/Cyr61 signaling axis regulates the EMT and metastasis of CRC.
Allicin Inhibits Proliferation and Invasion in Vitro and in Vivo via SHP-1-Mediated STAT3 Signaling in Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Chen Huinan , Zhu Biqiang , Zhao Lei , Liu Yang , Zhao Fuya , Feng Jing , Jin Ye , Sun Jiayu , Geng Rui , Wei Yunwei
Published: May 2018

Background/Aims: Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a malignant tumor that is resistant to chemotherapy, so new therapeutic agents are needed. Allicin which is rapidly converted from allin by allinase, is one of the most biologically active compounds in freshly crushed garlic and has been shown to have strong anti-tumor effects. Our aim was to explore the molecular mechanism by which allicin affects the cell proliferation and invasion of CCA. Methods: Cell viability and apoptosis were measured using the CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay, and flow cytometry. Cell migration and invasion were evaluated by wound healing and Transwell assays, respectively. The expression of several proteins involved in cell apoptosis and invasion were assessed by Western blot. The activation of STAT3 signaling was detected by Western blot and immunofluorescence staining. The involvement of SHP-1 was determined using small interfering RNA (siRNA). Moreover, a nude mouse model of human CCA was established to assess the anti-tumor effects of allicin in vivo. Results: Allicin significantly suppressed CCA cell proliferation by activating the caspase cascade, inducing apoptosis, and reducing the expression of proteins downstream of STAT3, such as B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), while upregulating Bcl-2-associated X (Bax) protein. In addition, allicin inhibited the migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of CCA cells. Moreover, the protein expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 was significantly downregulated in CCA cells treated with allicin compared with CCA cells treated with control. Mechanistic investigations indicated that allicin upregulated SHP-1 expression in CCA, and pervanadate treatment reversed the allicin-induced downregulation of STAT3. Moreover, suppression of SHP-1 by siRNA overturned the effect of allicin on the induction of SHP-1 and inhibition of STAT3 activation. Additionally, treatment with allicin attenuated tumor growth in the nude mouse model of CCA. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that allicin suppresses cell proliferation and invasion via STAT3 signaling and may be a potential therapeutic agent for CCA.
Long Non-Coding RNA Emergence During Renal Cell Carcinoma Tumorigenesis
Authors: Liu Xiaobing , Hao Yaxing , Yu Wei , Yang Xia , Luo Xing , Zhao Jiang , Li Jia , Hu Xiaoyan , Li Longkun
Published: May 2018

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common kidney cancer diagnosed across the globe and has steadily increased in incidence in recent decades. Techniques for diagnosing or treating RCC are limited, and confined mostly to later stages of the disease. Almost all RCC pathological types are resistant to chemotherapeutics and radiation therapy. To this effect, new markers for diagnosis and target therapy are urgently needed. Advanced genome sequencing technologies have revealed long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as a novel marker, transcribed throughout the human genome. The emergence of lncRNAs is an aberrant expression and is involved in the tumorigenesis of RCC. LncRNAs drive cancer phenotypes through their interaction with other cellular macromolecules including DNA, protein, and RNA. Recent research on lncRNA molecular mechanisms has revealed new markers to functionally annotate these cancers’ associated transcripts, making them targets for effective diagnosis and therapeutic intervention in the fight against cancer. In this review, we first highlight the common mechanisms that underlie aberrant lncRNA expression in RCC. We go on to discuss the potential translational application of lncRNA research in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of RCC.
Platelet Transfusion Induces Alloimmunization to D and Non-D Rhesus Antigens
Authors: Reckhaus Johanna , Jutzi Markus , Fontana Stefano , Bacher Vera Ulrike , Vogt Marco , Daskalakis Michael , Mansouri Taleghani Behrouz
Published: May 2018

Background: Platelet concentrates (PC) contain residual contaminating red blood cells (RBC), being higher in pooled buffy coat PC (BC-PC) than in apheresis units (AP-PC). Data about PC-induced alloimmunization against non-D Rhesus (Rh) antigens are limited. Methods: For all newly detected RhD and non-D alloantibodies between August 2015 and September /2017 we prospectively evaluated if they were triggered through PC by analyzing for incompatible RBC and/or PC transfusions. Results: We found 5,799 positive results in 89,190 antibody screening tests. We identified 13 newly detectable Rh antibodies through incompatible PCs in 11 patients: 6× anti-D, 4× anti-E, 2× anti-c, 1× anti-f. They received a total of 156 PC (83 BC-PC; 73 AP-PC): 5 patients received incompatible BC-PC only, 1 patient received incompatible AP-PC only, 5 patients received incompatible BC-PC and AP-PC. Quality control showed a mean (range) of 0.304 (0.152-1.662) and 0.014 (0.003-0.080) × 109 RBC/l for BC-PC and AP-PC, respectively. Ten of the 11 patients received RBC transfusions, all of them being antigen-negative for the alloantibodies identified. Conclusions: PC transfusions may not only induce RhD alloimmunization, but also immunization against further Rh antigens such as c, E, and f. The risk seems higher for BC-PC than for AP-PC. The results may have impact on future recommendations of PC transfusion with respect to Rh compatibility and upper limits of RBC contamination.
Urban Performances: Artistic Form and Urban Interventions
Authors: Rodrigues Antônio
Published: May 2018

Este estudo apresenta uma reflexão teórica sobre intervenções urbanas através de uma performance artística, não delimitando valores nem limites conceituais para estas duas práticas. Observa-se especialmente uma ação performática, intitulada 'Reenquadrando a Cidade', realizada no centro de São Paulo durante 2016 e 2017. O autor-performer conduz silenciosamente uma moldura clássica de quadros, através de ruas e avenidas da cidade, um dispositivo que deflagra eventos e interações imprevisíveis. O objetivo é investigar a dimensão política e estética de intervenções no espaço urbano para compreender as resiliências culturais latentes nas práticas produtivas e culturais que envolvem a relação entre o corpo e a cidade. Almeja-se ainda desenvolver novas formas de pensar, conceitual e corporalmente, o fenômeno contemporâneo da presença de um corpo dissonante nos espaços públicos da urbe. Indaga-se assim em que medida estas atuações inauditas tem o poder de instaurar singularidades alternativas aos processos dominantes de subjetivação que modelam, emolduram ou mesmo pré-determinam comportamentos, olhares, espaços e portanto pensamentos.
Free Expression Painting Studio with Sheltered Children: Reflections on the Phenomenology of Life
Authors: Colombo Erika Rodrigues , Antúnez Andrés Eduardo Aguirre
Published: May 2018

Com o intuito de proporcionar um espaço de acolhimento para que crianças abrigadas pudessem resgatar sua individualidade e expressar suas vivências de perdas, foi criado em 2013 um Projeto de Extensão para observação e intervenção em um Ateliê de Desenho de Livre-Expressão com crianças de uma Instituição de Acolhimento de São Paulo, que funcionou por um ano e três meses. Seguiu-se a metodologia desenvolvida pelo Dr. Michel Ternoy na França, e implementada no Brasil pelo Hospital- -Dia e Centro de Atenção Psicossocial do Departamento de Psiquiatria da UNIFESP, desde 1999, com pacientes psiquiátricos, a partir do método fenômeno-estrutural de Eugène Minkowski. O projeto foi estabelecido numa parceria entre a Casa Abrigo e o Instituto de Psicologia da USP. As atividades do Ateliê foram realizadas na Clínica Psicológica Durval Marcondes, USP, com dez crianças e adolescentes abrigados, com idade entre 4 e 15 anos. A partir dessa experiência, buscaremos uma reflexão teórica abrindo diálogo com a fenomenologia da vida do filósofo francês Michel Henry.
Interpretations of the Art in São Paulo Subway Stations
Authors: Sandrin Ewely Branco
Published: May 2018

O artigo apresenta um panorama da arte permanente e temporária inserida nos espaços das estações da Companhia do Metropolitano de São Paulo com o objetivo de delinear os significados atribuídos a ela. Para tanto, foi utilizado o método de estudo comparativo com base em dados quantitativos e qualitativos disponibilizados em bibliografias e dissertações sobre o Metropolitano e de material publicado pelos veículos de comunicação somados a registros fotográficos das obras e pesquisas in loco com usuários, técnicos de manutenção e monitores de exposições temporárias de trabalhos desenvolvidos com dispositivos tecnológicos. Como resultados nota- -se que os trabalhos interativos, representantes das transformações tecnológicas e de comportamento social que o mundo contemporâneo tem vivenciado, tiveram grande receptividade por parte dos usuários/espectadores/atores assim como os de caráter permanente. Evidencia-se uma diversidade de significados culturais, sociais, históricos, afetivos, estéticos, ambientais, ecológicos, e sobre tudo, políticos e econômicos que têm influenciado – juntamente com a ausência de curadoria, de políticas públicas e de soluções híbridas e inovadoras de projeto – no processo de inserção/apresenta- ção desse elemento cultural educador nos espaços sociais das estações.
"The University goes to School": Reports of an Experience of University Extension Cartography
Authors: Santos Alex Mota dos , Matineli Gabriel Veloso , Vilarinho Matheus , Barros Janice Prado
Published: May 2018

Defendemos que uma das premissas da extensão seja “levar a universidade” para “além de seus muros”, de modo a captar o conhecimento “externo” e integrá-lo ao conhecimento produzido na universidade. Assim, esse artigo relata uma experiência das atividades de extensão na área de cartografia para crianças que frequentam o quinto ano de uma escola municipal da cidade de Aparecida de Goiânia, estado de Goiás. A metodologia envolveu a realização de trabalho de campo, de oficinas de cartografia digital e autocartografia. Os resultados revelaram a capacidade que o estudante possui para se auto cartografar e de manipular ferramentas digitais para elaboração de mapas de temas variados. Os mapas mentais elaborados revelaram os lugares dos estudantes, mas também o lugar dos sonhos. As atividades de campo proporcionaram a interação do estudante com o meio, de uma forma organizada, intencional e dirigida, de modo estimulá-lo a atuar na construção do seu próprio conhecimento.
nSMase2 (Type 2-Neutral Sphingomyelinase) Deficiency or Inhibition by GW4869 Reduces Inflammation and Atherosclerosis in Apoe
−/−
Mice
Authors: Lallemand Tom , Rouahi Myriam , Swiader Audrey , Grazide Marie-Hélène , Geoffre Nancy , Alayrac Paul , Recazens Emeline , Coste Agnès , Salvayre Robert , Nègre-Salvayre Anne , Augé Nathalie
Published: May 2018

Objective—

Atherosclerosis is a chronic multifactorial and inflammatory disease of large and medium arteries and the leading cause of cardiovascular diseases worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate whether and how the nSMase2 (type 2-neutral sphingomyelinase), a key enzyme of sphingolipid metabolism, may contribute to the development of atherosclerotic lesions.

Approach and Results—

The role of nSMase2 in atherosclerosis was investigated in
Apoe
−/−
;Smpd3

fro/fro

mice, mutant for nSMase2, and in
Apoe
−/−
;Smpd3
+/+
mice intraperitoneally injected with GW4869, a pharmacological nSMase2 inhibitor. The defect or inhibition of nSMase2 resulted in a reduction of atherosclerotic lesions and a decrease in macrophage infiltration and lipid deposition, although cholesterolemia remained unchanged. nSMase2 inhibition decreased the inflammatory response of murine endothelial cells to oxLDL (oxidized low-density lipoprotein), as assessed by the significant reduction of MCP-1 (monocyte chemoattractant protein 1), ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule-1), and VCAM-1 (vascular cell adhesion molecule-1) mRNA expressions and macrophage recruitment. Likewise, in RAW264.7 or in macrophages isolated from
Apoe
−/−
/Smpd3

fro/fro

or
Apoe
−/−
/Smpd3
+/+
mice stimulated by lipopolysaccharides, nSMase2 inhibition resulted in a decrease in the expression of inflammatory molecules. Mechanistically, the anti-inflammatory response resulting from nSMase2 inhibition involves Nrf2 (nuclear factor [erythroid-derived 2]-like 2 or NF-E2–related factor-2) activation in both endothelial cells and macrophages, as assessed by the lack of protective effect of GW4869 in endothelial cells silenced for Nrf2 by small interfering RNAs, and in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages issued from Nrf2-KO mice.

Conclusions—

The genetic deficiency or inhibition of nSMase2 strongly decreases the development of atherosclerotic lesions in
Apoe
−/−
mice, by reducing inflammatory responses through a mechanism involving the Nrf2 pathway. Inhibitors of nSMase2 may, therefore, constitute a novel approach to slow down atherosclerosis progression.
Periprocedural Outcomes of Direct Oral Anticoagulants Versus Warfarin in Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Nazha Bassel , Pandya Bhavi , Cohen Jessica , Zhang Meng , Lopes Renato D. , Garcia David A. , Sherwood Matthew W. , Spyropoulos Alex C.
Published: May 2018

Background:

Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are surpassing warfarin as the anticoagulant of choice for stroke prevention in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. DOAC outcomes in elective periprocedural settings have not been well elucidated and remain a source of concern for clinicians. The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the periprocedural safety and efficacy of DOACs versus warfarin in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation.

Methods:

We reviewed the literature for data from phase III randomized controlled trials comparing DOACs with warfarin in the periprocedural period among patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Substudies from 4 trials (RE-LY [Randomized Evaluation of Long-Term Anticoagulation Therapy], ROCKET AF [Rivaroxaban Once Daily Oral Direct Factor Xa Inhibitor Compared with Vitamin K Antagonism for Prevention of Stroke and Embolism Trial in Atrial Fibrillation], ARISTOTLE [Apixaban for the Prevention of Stroke in Subjects With Atrial Fibrillation], and ENGAGE-AF [Effective Anticoagulation With Factor xA Next Generation in Atrial Fibrillation]) were included in the meta-analysis. DOACs as a group and warfarin were compared in terms of the 30-day pooled risk for stroke/systemic embolism, major bleeding, and death, according to whether the study drug was interrupted or not periprocedurally. The overall relative risk (RR) was estimated with a random-effects model. The
I
2
test was used to assess heterogeneity in RR among the studies.

Results:

In the uninterrupted anticoagulant strategy, there were no differences in the rates of stroke/systemic embolism (pooled risk, 0.6% [29 events/4519 procedures] versus 1.1% [31/2971]; RR, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.41–1.18) and death (1.4% versus 1.8%; RR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.53–1.12) between DOACs and warfarin and significantly fewer major bleeding events (2.0% versus 3.3%; RR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.47–0.82) with DOACs compared to warfarin. Under an interrupted strategy, there was no significant difference between DOACs versus warfarin for stroke/systemic embolism (0.4% [41/9260] versus 0.5% [31/7168]; RR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.59–1.55), major bleeding (2.1% versus 2.0%; RR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.85–1.30), and death (0.7% versus 0.6%; RR, 1.24; 95% CI, 0.76–2.04). The studies were homogeneous (
I
2
=0.0%) for all calculated pooled associations except for the RR of death in the interrupted strategy (
I
2
=26.3%).

Conclusions:

The short-term safety and efficacy of DOACs and warfarin are not different in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation periprocedurally. Under an uninterrupted anticoagulation strategy, DOACs are associated with a 38% lower risk of major bleeding compared with warfarin.
Referential complementarity in traditional Negev Arabic
Authors: Cerqueglini Letizia , Henkin Roni
Published: May 2018

Spatial Frames of Reference (FoRs) are mental coordinate systems applied to locate a Figure (F) with respect to a Ground (G). In Levinson’s theory (2003), every language selects a dominant FoR among Intrinsic, Relative and Absolute, leaving non-dominant FoRs for restricted sets of cases. Bohnemeyer (2011) enlarged this typology, describing ‘referentially promiscuous systems’, as characterized by free switch among FoRs and absence of a default strategy used by the whole community. We show here that Traditional Negev Arabic (TNA) represents a new, hitherto unknown type, which we label ‘referential complementarity’: all its speakers use all three FoRs in everyday discourse, yet not freely switching among them. Different Gs of traditional life, when observed in their traditional locations, prime specific referential strategies: inherently partitioned Gs (horse/coffee-pot) prime the binary Intrinsic FoR; those with no inherent partition (stone/tree) prime ternary Relative or Absolute FoRs, depending on their alignment vis-à-vis the Observer (O). Interestingly, culturally salient objects considered integral to the tent, such as a hosting cushion or a tent pole, absorb the tent’s Intrinsic orientation; but outside the tent these behave just like their non-tent-integral counterparts (stone/tree). In particular, the Absolute FoR is used for (i) culturally unfamiliar Gs (chair/shoe/dinosaur) and (ii) certain Gs in non-salient O-F-G alignments. We conclude that FoR selection in TNA follows culture-specific rules, paying more attention to cultural familiarity or salience than to supposedly universal metrical and formal features.
Ottoman Soldiers in the Arabian Peninsula: Fighting Armed Rebellion in the Sacred Mosque of Mecca in the Seventeenth Century
Authors: Ayoub Samy
Published: May 2018

This article investigates how Hanafi jurists responded to armed rebellion against local authorities in Mecca. I examine two understudied legal treatises that have been written about the sack of Mecca by armed rebel groups in 1632. These treatises provide important insights for studying how premodern Islamic legal discourses dealt with the issue of rebellion under Ottoman rule and sovereignty. I contend that it is in this context of rebellion and violence that we can test the contours of Ottoman imperial power and authority. I argue that recurrent defiance to the Ottoman political order compelled Hanafi jurists to revisit the earlier commitments of the school with regard to dissent and political change. In these two treatises, Hanafis insisted that armed rebellion in the Sacred Mosque in Mecca went beyond any valid political grievances – which would have been admitted as a plausible cause for dissent – and justified a swift military intervention.
From Theory to Practice: British Travel Permits in the Ottoman Empire (1700–1800)
Authors: Demiryürek Mehmet
Published: May 2018

Using archival documents in the Ottoman archives related to British travellers in the Ottoman empire who were travelling under the protection of the capitulations, this article examines the yol emri (travel permit) issued to travellers by the Ottoman state and focuses specifically on the case of Edward Wortley Montagu. In so doing it seeks to highlight the importance of Ottoman archival sources for an understanding of the diplomatic and commercial relations between Britain and the Ottoman empire, an importance that is often overshadowed by a heavy reliance on British sources.
A new species of Scrophularia (Scrophulariaceae) from Hubei, China
Authors: WANG RUI-HONG , XIA MAO-QIN , TAN JIN-BO , CHEN CHUAN , JIN XIN-JIE , LI PAN , FU CHENG-XIN
Published: May 2018

A new species, Scrophularia jinii (Scrophulariaceae), from Central China is described and illustrated. This new species was formerly misidentified as S. fargesii, from which it differs in many morphological characters. Moreover, it is distinct with all known Scrophularia species in its unique deeply double serrate leaf margin with 3–7 big teeth on each side. Molecular phylogenetic analysis further supports its species delimitation and suggests a close relationship with several Japanese and North American species.
Stapletonia rigoense (Poaceae), a new bamboo species bearing very long internodes from Arunachal Pradesh, India
Authors: SINGHA LAL BIHARI , NIRI PAKPI , DEVI RASESHOWRI
Published: May 2018

Stapletonia rigoense, a new bamboo species bearing very long internodes was described from Arunachal Pradesh, India. This taxon shows significant morphological differences to those earlier reported for closely related species, especially Stapletonia arunachalensis (H.B. Naithani) P. Singh, S.S. Das & P. Kumari and Stapletonia seshagirianum (R.B. Mazumdar) H.B. Naithani.
Cryptic diversity of the rocky crab genus Glebocarcinus Nations, 1975 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Cancridae): description of a new species from Russian coastal waters of the Sea of Japan based on morphology, DNA and distribution
Authors: MARIN IVAN N. , MAIOROVA ANASTASSYA S. , KORN OLGA M.
Published: May 2018

A new cancrid crab species Glebocarcinus kashini sp. nov. (Decapoda: Brachyura: Cancridae) is described from Russian coastal waters of the Sea of Japan. The new species can be clearly separated from relative and sibling, Glebocarcinus amphioetus (Rathbun, 1898), by a less prominent and granulated dorsal surface of the carapace and dorsal surface of the cheliped propodus, less prominent sculpture of the carapace front and bluntly triangular anterolateral teeth of the carapace. Comparison of COI gene sequences supports the subdivision of these two species and shows their clear genetic separation from a related species, the American pygmy rock crab, G. oregonensis (Dana, 1852). Along the mainland coast of the Sea of Japan, G. kashini and G. amphioetus possibly overlap only in Posyet Bay and adjacent areas; the new species is distributed to the north from the bay while G. amphioetus is distributed to the south. Previous and new records of G. amphioetus from the area are discussed.
A new group of species within the bee genus Ruizantheda, with a revised key to the males of the genus (Hymenoptera: Halictidae: Caenohalictini)
Authors: COELHO BEATRIZ W. T. , ENGEL MICHAEL S.
Published: May 2018

Males of the neotropical bee genus Ruizantheda Moure sensu lato (Halictinae: Caenohalictini) differ from those of other caenohalictine genera in having the outer gonostylar plate with a large membranous region that extends to the ventral region, and the ventral gonostylar lobe retrorse. These features permit the placement of six additional species described here, four of which are new, in the genus in this broader sense. The males of these six species share the following characteristics: profemur swollen; mesofemur exceedingly swollen; mesotibia slightly swollen with flat, minutely ridged ventral area and small apical tooth; S4 shortened medially, commonly largely hidden under S3, with transverse median depression and apical margin emarginate; apicolateral lobes of S4 with tuft of branched setae and stout, simple, recurved setae on margin; S5 with U-shaped gradulus and setal patch, sometimes inconspicuous; outer lateral expansion of penis valve bilobed, and median posterior margin of volsella strongly angulate. Together, these species constitute a new group within Ruizantheda and share with the previously known Ruizantheda inca Coelho, Felizardo, & Engel, R. aerugineus Coelho, Felizardo, & Engel, and R. kallos Coelho, Felizardo, & Engel, a short outer gonostylar plate, terminating before the apex of the main gonostylar lobe as well as the presence of long setae on its dorsal surface. In other species of Ruizantheda the outer gonostylar plate extends beyond the apex of the main gonostylar lobe and lacks setae. The species comprising this distinctive subgroup of Ruizantheda, and treated herein, are: R. nigra n. sp., R. colombiana n. sp., R. venezuelana n. sp., R. baeri (Vachal) n. comb., R. pilosa n. sp., and R. gaullei (Vachal) n. comb. Two of the new species expand the distribution of the genus northward into Colombia and Venezuela. In addition to the description and illustration of the species, an updated key to the species of Ruizantheda s. l. is provided.
Out of the dark void: Ommatoiulus longicornis n. sp., a new julid from Spain (Diplopoda, Julida) with notes on some troglobiomorphic traits in millipedes
Authors: AKKARI NESRINE , GILGADO JOSÉ D. , ORTUÑO VICENTE M. , ENGHOFF HENRIK
Published: May 2018

A new millipede species, Ommatoiulus longicornis n. sp. is described from the subterranean habitat in eastern Spain, and the elongation of its antennae is discussed in relation to the habitat where it dwells. We take the occasion to discuss the elongation of appendages as a troglobiomorphic character in millipedes and shed the light on the various, sometimes controversial, hypotheses that could have led to these modifications in millipedes and other subterranean arthropods.
Females of two species of Argia from Chapada dos Guimarães National Park, Brazil (Odonata: Coenagrionidae)
Authors: VILELA DIOGO SILVA , GUILLERMO-FERREIRA RHAINER , DEL-CLARO KLEBER , CORDERO-RIVERA ADOLFO
Published: May 2018

The female of Argia tupi Calvert, 1909 (BRAZIL, Mato Grosso, Chapada dos Guimarães National Park, Cachoeira do Marimbondo (15.4330° S, 55.7198° W, 370 m), 01 xi 2015) is described, illustrated and diagnosed based on comparison with sympatric species of Argia Rambur, 1842. We also augmented the description of Argia bicellulata (Calvert, 1909) female (BRAZIL, Mato Grosso, Chapada dos Guimarães National Park, Rio Paciencia (15.3438° S, 55.8322° W, 280 m), 25 x 2015).
Redescription of Juticus furcidens Roewer, 1943 (Opiliones: Gonyleptidae), with a discussion of its relationships in the subfamily Gonyleptinae
Authors: HARA MARCOS R. , PINTO-DA-ROCHA RICARDO , BENEDETTI ALÍPIO R.
Published: May 2018

As part of an ongoing revision of the largest gonyleptid subfamily, Pachylinae, we examined Juticus furcidens Roewer, 1943. This is an elusive species mentioned only in catalogues after its description. In this paper, we redescribe it according to modern standards, including its male genitalia for the first time, which exhibit typical features of the gonyleptid K92 clade. Considering also other features from the body and appendages, we transfer J. furcidens to Gonyleptinae, and we discuss its relationships with other Gonyleptinae sensu stricto. In addition, we present a new record besides those of the type material, clarifying the hitherto imprecise distribution.
The Influence of the Lower Stratosphere on Ridging Atlantic Ocean Anticyclones over South Africa
Authors: Ndarana Thando , Bopape Mary-Jane , Waugh Darryn , Dyson Liesl
Published: May 2018

The link between Rossby wave breaking and ridging Atlantic Ocean anticyclones in the South African domain is examined using NCEP–DOE AMIP-II reanalysis data. A simple composite analysis, which used the duration of ridging events as a basis of averaging, reveals that ridging anticyclones are coupled with Rossby wave breaking at levels higher than the dynamical tropopause. Lower-stratospheric PV anomalies extend to the surface, thus coupling the ridging highs with the lower stratosphere. The anomaly extending from the 70-hPa level to the surface contributes to a southward extension of the surface negative anomaly over the Namibian coast, which induces a cyclonic flow, causing the ridging anticyclone to take a bean-like shape. The surface positive anomaly induces the internal anticyclonic flow within the large-scale pressure system, causing the ridging end to break off and amalgamate with the Indian Ocean high pressure system. Lower-stratospheric Rossby wave breaking lasts for as long as the ridging process, suggesting that the former is critical to the longevity of the latter by maintaining and keeping the vertical coupling intact.
An assessment of the effect of haemoglobin variants on detection by faecal immunochemical tests
Authors: Carroll Magdalen RR , John Cerin , Mantio Debbie , Djedovic Natasha K , Benton Sally C
Published: May 2018

Background

Faecal immunochemical tests (FIT) for haemoglobin (Hb) are being used in the investigation of colorectal cancer. These tests use antibodies raised to the globin moiety of human Hb. Where the globin structure is abnormal or reduced, it is possible that antibody binding, and thus Hb-detection may be affected.

Methods

Lysates prepared from whole blood samples of patients with known variants were diluted in manufacturer-specific buffer to 10, 100 and 500 μg Hb/g faeces. These samples were analysed on four FIT analysers and the results compared with samples with no known variant present (normal samples).

Results

The results from this study show that of 20 variants tested, three showed a decrease in detection by all four analysers. These were β-thalassaemia major and two fetal cord blood samples.

Conclusions

Of 20 common Hb variants studied, 17 did not affect detection of Hb by the FIT systems tested. Hb variants leading to a reduction in the presence of a globin chain caused a reduction in Hb detection; in such cases, cancers could be missed.
The Class and Culture of Norwegian Culinary Straw Men: A Response to Flemmen, Hjellbrekke and Jarness’ ‘Class, Culture and Culinary Tastes: Cultural Distinctions and Social Class Divisions in Contemporary Norway’
Authors: Hegnes Atle Wehn , Gustavsen Geir Wæhler
Published: May 2018

This research note offers a critical-constructive discussion of the article ‘Class, Culture and Culinary Tastes: Cultural Distinctions and Social Class Divisions in Contemporary Norway’, written by Flemmen, Hjellbrekke and Jarness (FHJ) ( Sociology, 2018(1)). Concerns are raised about the methods and the use of the data. A robustness analysis with alternative data and/or alternative methods is suggested. Conceptually, the analysis of FHJ is considered not to engage adequately with a more qualitative body of historical and ethnological literature, as well as the impact of Norwegian agricultural policy. To describe and understand the evolution of social meaning and social patterns of the consumption of ‘traditional’ Norwegian foodstuffs, a qualitative approach could have contributed constructively. Overall, wider implications for Bourdieu-inspired analyses of cultural consumption are addressed.