bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing Farmers' Knowledge, Attitudes, And Behavioural Intentions in Relation to The Transfer of Alternative Wood Preservation Technologies in Rural Ethiopia
Authors:   Ethiopian Forestry Development, Hinde Omer , Kaba Gemechu ,   Ethiopian Forestry Development, Belachaw Azmera ,   Ethiopian Forestry Development, Gelan Asfaw ,   Ethiopian Forestry Development
Published: October 2024

Alternative wood preservative technology prevents wood damage and enhances wood service life for local construction in contact with the ground contact. Hence, the promotion of wood preservative technology and the evaluation of knowledge, attitude, and behavioral intention necessitate a causal effect relationship assessment in rural Ethiopia. Farmers were invited for the training in rural kebele, where subterranean termites highly affected local construction with ground contact. During the training, theoretical, demonstration, and group discussion were used as methods for technology transfer. Accordingly, the causal effect relationship of knowledge, attitude, and behavioral intention was evaluated using PLS_SEM using Smart PLS 4 version software. The study results show that, due to local experience, using used motor oil is better preferred over others chemical preservatives. The practical method demonstration influences the attitude of farmers toward future applications. The causal effect analysis result shows that knowledge directly influences attitude (β = 0.609; P-value = 0.000), and subsequently, an attitude directly influences behavioral intention (β = 0.822; P-value = 0.000). Thus, attitude mediates the causal effect relationship between the knowledge and behavioral intention of the farmers. Therefore, the study implies that expanding knowledge of local experience and practical training on technical skills for rural farmers should be given primary attention for forest product technology promotion in rural areas.
Artificial Intelligence Maturity Assessment in Leadership at Higher Education: A Case Study
Authors:   Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Hinaai Samiya , Al-Hijji Khalfan ,   Sultan Qaboos University, Hamad Faten ,   Sultan Qaboos University
Published: October 2024

There is a growing interest in artificial Intelligence (AI) as a research topic. Adapting to AI technologies has become essential for educational institutions, specifically educational leaderships in order to embrace AI trends in enhancing leadership practices. This study comes in response to the increased discussions of AI implementing in education, which has created the need for AI Maturity Model in education to help educational institutions assess their progress in AI adaptation. This paper investigated how are the leaderships at college of Artsand Social Sciences Departments in Sultan Qaboos University (SQU) in Oman, as a case study, has adapted AI technologies throughout AI Maturity lens. The study aims to assess the college AI Maturity level and the qualitative approach was used to collect the data via semi-structured interviews with the college's heads and decision makers. The results showed that the leaderships at the college are updated with the AI developments, however, the academic departments are still in their early stages of using AI technologies as AI is still an emerging topic. The leaderships have good awareness of the importance of integrating AI in teaching-learning process at higher education institutions' level and the effects of adapting such technologies. Through in-depth interviews and the qualitative data analysis, one key finding was that College of Arts and Social Science at SQU is establishing good infrastructure for AI revolution at higher education according to the AI 5Ds cycle as there are some significant efforts to raise the awareness of the importance and role of AI in higher education and some individual AI implementations. However, more clear plans and work are needed for the move to the next phases of applying AI technologies in HE.
Empowerment of Women's Leadership Through Various Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) Programmes
Authors:   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Ismail Des Iskandar , Ab Halim Fazlinda ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
Published: October 2024

This systematic literature review identifies women's leadership empowerment through various Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) programmes. Women in leadership positions offer numerous advantages and play a crucial role in achieving gender equality and fostering a more inclusive and prosperous society. 20 articles based on qualitative and quantitative research from prominent research platforms such as Scopus, Directory of Open Access Journal (DOAJ), and Google Scholar were analysed using PRISMA guidelines. The review determines nine training programme domains and their impact on the development of women's leadership, such as Change Management, Coaching and Mentoring, Conflict Resolution, Communication Skills, Gender Equality, Inspiring workers, LeadingInnovation, Problem-solving, and Project Management. The findings reveal the significance of implementing and expanding specialised TVET programmes to ensure women's active participation and leadership in various sectors. This study highlights the transformative potential of TVET in empowering women and calls for further research and policy development in this field.
Designing An Augmented Reality Teaching Framework for Mechanical Studentsat College Vocational in Malaysia
Authors:   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Abdul Jalil Muhammad Zuhairi , Razali Nizamuddin ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Ismail Mohd Erfy ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Nur Yunus Faizal Amin ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Gerijih Debie Devisser ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
Published: October 2024

With the impact of advanced technologies, people at a young age have started using smartphones in their daily lives. In the education sector, most researchers have started developing new teaching styles that can adapt to technology nowadays. This also includes augmented reality technology that can be used as a teaching aid. However, there are no sufficient studies that analyze the suitable construct that can be formed as a framework as a reference for a mechanical teacher in College Vocational, Malaysia. In order to design a teaching framework to apply AR technology to the mechanical student, the researcher performs a systematic literature review. This review analyses nine studies in the field. Based on the result that has been conducted, there are six constructs that have been explored: preparation, process, device, teaching approach, AR type, and purpose. From this construct, several items have been extracted.
Mentransformasikan Kepimpinan Pendidikan: Model Pengurusan Institusi TVET yang Berkesan
Authors:   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, M. A. N. Zulkifli , M. F. Lee ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
Published: October 2024

Artikel ini membincangkan model pengurusan institusi TVET yang berkesan untuk mentransformasikan kepimpinan pendidikan di Malaysia. Sebanyak 22 buah artikel yang diperolehi melalui pangkalan data Google Scholar telah dikaji melalui kaeda kajian literatur sistematik. Dapatan kajian menujukkan bahawa amalan terbaik dalam pengurusan dan kepimpinan di institusi TVET adalah karismatik, perkembangan individu, stimulasi intelek, motivasi dan inovasi. Pelaksanaan transformasi kepimpinandalam pendidikan merupakan aspek sangat penting bagi memastikan kejayaan dan kecemerlangan dalam institusi TVET. Institusi TVET memerlukan pengurusan dan kepimpinan yang berkaliber serta bertanggungjawab dalam melaksanakan amanah dengan baik agar dapat merealisasikan misi dan visi organisasi. Pemimpin yang berkaliber seperti bijak dalam melakukan tindakan dan keputusan adalah pemimpin yang dapat memutuskan keputusan yang baik kepada institusi serta dapat memuaskan hati semua pihak di institusi TVET. Hasil kajian literatur sistematik mendapati bahawa model pelaksanaan transformasi kepimpinan pendidikan dalam pengurusan institusi TVET yang paling dominan adalah perkembangan individu dalam kalangan pemimpin di institusi TVET, diikuti dengan sistem karismatik, inovasi, motivasi dan stimulasi intelek. Kajian lanjutan yang harus dilaksanakan adalah menentukan keberkesanan pelaksanaan transformasi kepimpinan pendidikan dalam pengurusan institusi TVET melalui model perkembangan individu agar dapat menjamin kualiti graduan TVET.
The Significance of Developing Advanced Higher Order Thinking Skills in China’s Arts Education
Authors:   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Yang Yang , Mei Heong Yee ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
Published: October 2024

Arts education has an integrative role in promoting the intellectual, aesthetic and emotional growth of students. Arts education not only develops students' professional skills, but also helps them develop holistically. To achieve good results in the arts, students need to be innovative. In China, arts education has been innovating, however, challenges remain, including the use of standardized testing, gaps in educational resources, and teacher pedagogy, all of which affect the development of students' innovative abilities. Higher order thinking skills (HOTS) play a key role in students' academic success and innovation; HOTS encourages critical analysis, fosters creative problem-solving skills, and prompts innovative thinking, which helps art students to improve their thinking skills and develop their creative abilities. Currently, there is a lack of consensus and widespread application of HOTS in Chinese art programs. the integration of HOTS with arts education becomes crucial in ensuring students' cognitivedevelopment as they cope with the challenges posed by social development.
NUEVOS DATOS SOBRE EL POBLADO PRERROMANO DE CANTAMENTO DE LA PEPINA (FREGENAL DE LA SIERRA, BADAJOZ): RESTITUCIÓN TOPOGRÁFICA DEL SISTEMA DEFENSIVO Y APROXIMACIÓN CRONOLÓGICA
Authors: Paniego Díaz Pablo
Published: October 2024

Resumen:
La combinación de datos LiDAR y prospección arqueológica de superficie nos han permitido delimitar con precisión la planta de la muralla que rodeaba el poblado prerromano de Cantamento de la Pepina y situar correctamente las torres/bastiones existentes. Gracias a esta delimitación, se han podido estudiar las zonas vulnerables del trazado defensivo y definir con mayor precisión la superficie del castro. Asimismo, los materiales documentados en superficie han permitido afinar más la cronología del sitio, el cual pudo extender su ocupaciónhasta época romano-republicana.Palabras clave: Edad del Hierro, Época romano-republicana, Sistema defensivo, LiDAR, Castro prerromano, Celto-lusitanos.
Abstract:
The combination of LiDAR data and archaeological survey has allowed us to precisely delineate the plan of the wall that surrounded the pre-Roman settlement of Cantamento de la Pepina and correctly locate the existing towers/bastions. Thanks to this delimitation, it has been possible to study the vulnerable areas of the defensive layout and define more precisely the area of the hillfort. Also, the surface materials documented have allowed to further adjust the site chronology, which could extend its occupation until Roman-Republican times.Keywords: Iron Age, Roman-Republican Period, Defensive system, LiDAR, Pre-Roman hillfort, Celtic-Lusitanian.
IMPORTÂNCIA DA PRÁTICA BASEADA EM EVIDÊNCIA NO TRATAMENTO DE ÚLCERAS VENOSAS DE DIFÍCIL CICATRIZAÇÃO: RELATO DE CASO
Authors: Silva Santos Aryanne Carolyne , De Souza Silva Freitas Paula , De Oliveira Ramalho Aline , Batista Portugal Flávia , Camponez Barbara Rédua Heloísa Helena , Dalvi Armond Rezende Lucas
Published: October 2024

Introdução: A doença venosa crônica é caracterizada pela incapacidade do corpo em manter o retorno venoso adequado. As alterações mais graves recebem em conjunto o nome de insuficiência venosa crônica, sendo as úlceras venosas seu último estágio – associadas a limitações físicas, sobrecarga emocional e fardos econômicos. Para o êxito no seu tratamento é imperativo a adoção de práticas baseadas em evidências. Relato do caso: Trata-se de um relato de caso sobre o tratamento de úlceras venosas de difícil cicatrização em uma Unidade de Saúde da Família em um município do Espírito Santo entre os meses de março a setembro de 2023, a partir da implementação de um plano de cuidados baseado nas últimas evidências disponíveis sobre o tema. Foi acompanhado um paciente do sexo masculino, de 51 anos, negro, que possui diabetes mellitus tipo 2 e insuficiência venosa crônica, além de cinco úlceras em membro inferior direito, com as seguintes características: tecido de granulação insalubre e friável com esfacelo difuso, sinais clínicos indicativos de biofilme, exsudato seroso em grande quantidade, umidade perilesional e bordas delimitadas, elevadas e maceradas, ocupando juntas uma área de maior que 60 cm². Ao final dos 6 meses de tratamento, todas as feridas evoluíram para cicatrização completa. Conclusão: Constatou-se que o plano de cuidados baseado em evidências científicas reproduzíveis e adequadas à realidade  – focado na higiene da ferida e no uso de terapias compressivas – foi eficaz e seguro, dada a epitelização completa de todas as lesões.
Kıraat İlmine Katkıları Bağlamında Temîm Kabilesine Mensup Kıraat Âlimleri
Authors: Akbaba Ahmet Arif
Published: October 2024

Kıraat ilmi, Hz. Peygamber’in “…Kur’an yedi harf üzere indirilmiştir. Ondan kolayınıza geleni okuyu-nuz.” nebevî düsturuyla nüvesi oluşturulmuş ve günümüze değin dinamik yapısı muhafaza edilerek ge-lişmiş bir disiplindir. İlgili rivayette zikri geçen ve etrafında tartışmaların deveran ettiği “yedi harf” terki-bini; Temîm kabilesinin de içinde olduğu yedi lehçeyle yorumlayan âlimlerin hatırı sayılır bir yekünü oluş-turması, kabilenin, kıraat ilmi sahasına dönük önemli veçhesini ihsas etmektedir. Nitekim Temîmli kurrânın, tarihi süreci göz önünde bulundurulduğunda kıraat ilminin gelişimi ve şekillenmesinde, inkârı kâbil olmayan katkılar sundukları ve inisiyatif aldıkları gerçeği de bu veçhenin önemli göstergelerindendir. Şöyle ki kıraat disiplini, tekâmül sürecini, literatürde öne çıkmış kıraat âlimleri ve bunların kaleminden çıkan telifat vasıtasıyla gerçekleştirmiştir. Bu çerçevede Temîm kabilesine mensup kurrânın, söz konusu tekâmül sürecine göz ardı edilemeyecek katkılar sundukları iddiası, bu çalışmanın asıl hipotezini teşkil etmektedir. Makalede öncelikle Temîm kabilesi ele alınacak, hususiyle kurucusunun Temîmli olduğu Ağ-lebîler Devletinin kıraat ilmi alanındaki katkılarına atıf yapılacaktır. Akabinde kabilenin, kıraat farklılıklarıy-la organik bağının olduğu lehçe hususiyetlerine; yedi harf rivayeti ekseninde kısaca temas edilecektir. Ça-lışmanın ana gövdesini oluşturan son bölümde ise asr-ı saadetten itibaren kıraat ilmine hizmetleri bağ-lamında temayüz eden “Temîmî” nisbesine sahip kurrâ kronolojik şekilde sıralanacaktır. Bunlar arasında hem pratik hem de teorik boyuttaki katkıları tartışmasız olan Hz. Peygamber’in vahiy kâtiplerinden Han-zale b. Rebiʽ et-Temîmî (ö. 45/665 [?]), Basra kıraat imamı Ebû Amr et-Temîmî (ö. 154/771), kıraat ilmi tarihinde bir dönüm noktası niteliği taşıyan ve günümüze değin hayatiyetini muhafaza eden yedili tasnif banisi Bağdatlı Ebû Bekr b. Mücâhid et-Temîmî (ö. 324/936), Endülüs kıraat tedrisi ve ekolünün tesi-sindeki öncü isimlerden sayılan Ebü’l-Hasen el-Antâkî et-Temîmî (ö. 377/987) ve kaleme aldığı tefsir ve kıraat temalı eserlerle kıraat ilminin usûl kısmının yerleşik bir hal almasında döneminin, aynı zamanda sahanın önde gelen âlimlerinden Kayrevanlı Ebü’l-Abbâs Ahmed b. Ammâr el-Mehdevî et-Temîmî (ö. 440/1048-49 [?]) isimleri üzerinde özellikle durulacaktır.
Deep Learning Model to Analyze Psychological Effects on Gamers
Authors:   Department of Information Technology, Faculty of Computer Science, Lahore Garrison University, Pakistan, Younas Rabia , Burhan ul Haq Hafiz ,   Department of Information Technology, Faculty of Computer Science, Lahore Garrison University, Pakistan
Published: October 2024

The rapid growth of the gaming industry has sparked interest in understanding the psychological effects of games on gamers. This paper explores using deep learning models to analyze the psychological effects experienced by gamers. With video games' increasing popularity and influence, understanding their impact on human psychology is paramount. This research aims to develop a deep learning model that can detect the state of human facial expressions and classify various psychological states based on gameplay data. The proposed deep learning model utilizes Convolutional neural networks to extract meaningful features and patterns from gameplay data. The model is trained on a diverse dataset of gameplay recordings, capturing a wide range of game genres, player demographics, and psychological experiences. The evaluation and validation of the model are performed using metrics, including accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score. The findings reveal that the deep learning model is effective in detecting and classifying psychological states experienced by gamers. The model successfully captures changes in human facial expressions, such as sadness, happiness, fear, anger, surprise, and disgust, providing valuable insights into the psychological impact of gaming. The results highlight the importance of considering individual differences and contextual factors when examining the influence of games on human psychology. We can advance our knowledge and promote healthy and meaningful gaming experiences by continuing to investigate this complex relationship
Eigenmodes of the deep unconscious: The neuropsychology of Jungian archetypes and psychedelic experience.
Authors: McGovern Hugh , Aqil Marco , Atasoy Selen , Carhart-Harris Robin
Published: October 2024

This article presents a neuroscientific interpretation of Carl Jung's theory of archetypes, and their experience in altered states of consciousness. We begin by rehearsing the Free Energy Principle and Predictive Processing as foundational frameworks which subserve and inform the thesis that follows. The following sections examine three aspects of archetypes: the affective core rooted in subcortical systems, archetypal imagery emergent in altered states such as psychedelic experiences, and archetypal stories encoded in higher cortical areas. Specifically, we propose a trilogical interplay between high-level cortex, low-level cortex, and subcortical/affective systems in instantiating these archetypal phenomena. We then explore how archetypes may be transmitted between individuals, developing into a collective unconscious through social learning and subsequent attunement. Throughout, we provide syntheses of Jungian psychology with contemporary neuroscience, offering testable hypotheses regarding the neurological bases of archetypal phenomena. We conclude with discussing implications for both psychoanalytic theory and neuroscientific research. By bridging these disciplines, we aim to lend construct validity to Jungian concepts and encourage further empirical investigation of archetypes and the collective unconscious.
Being in the minority boosts in-group love: Explanations and boundary condition
Authors: Gallardo Roman , Smith Austin , Zak Uri , Lopez Darinel , Koch Alex , Kirgios Erika
Published: October 2024

People appreciate members of their in-group, and they cooperate with them—tendencies we refer to as in-group love. Being a member of a minority (vs. majority) is a common experience that varies both between groups in a context and within a group between contexts, but how does it affect in-group love? Across six studies, we examined when and why being in the minority boosts in-group love. In Study 1, being in the minority boosted people’s appreciation of various real-life in-groups but not out-groups. In Study 2, a real-life interaction between and within groups, people cooperated more with minority in-group (but not minority out-group) members. In Studies 3-6, we measured cooperation (Study 3, incentive-compatible), appreciation (Studies 4-6), and four mediators: perceived in-group distinctiveness, experienced in-group belongingness, expected in-group cooperation, and perceived in-group status. These four mediators independently and simultaneously explained why being in the minority boosted in-group love. In Studies 5 and 6, we observed two theoretical boundary conditions for the effect. The size of the effect was smaller when the minority in-group had many (vs. few) members (Study 5), and when the imbalance between the in-group and out-group was either low or high (here: 46% minority & 54% majority, or 20% minority & 80% majority) rather than moderate (here: 33% minority & 67% majority). We discuss how these findings align with and build on Optimal Distinctiveness Theory (ODT) and other theoretical accounts.
The neural bases of graph perception: a novel instance of cultural recycling
Authors: Ciccione Lorenzo , Dehaene Stanislas
Published: October 2024

Graphical representations of quantitative data abound in our culture, and yet the brain mechanisms of graphicacy, by which viewers quickly extract statistical information from a graph, are unknown. Here, using scatterplots as stimuli, we tested two hypotheses about the brain areas underlying graphicacy. First, at the perceptual level, we hypothesized that the visual processing of scatterplots and their main trend recycles cortical regions devoted to the perception of the principal axis of objects. Second, at the semantic level, we speculated that the math-responsive network active during arithmetic and mathematical truth judgments should also be involved in graph perception. Using functional MRI, we indeed found that graph trend judgement recruits a right lateral occipital area involved in detecting the orientation of objects, as well as a right anterior intraparietal region also recruited during mathematical tasks. Both behavior and brain activity were driven by the t value which indexes the statistical correlation in the graph. Our work offers a first approach to the neural bases of graph perception. We suggest that, like literacy and numeracy, graphicacy relies on the recycling of brain areas previously attuned to a similar problem, here the perception of object orientation.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Berbasis Projek (PjBL) untuk Meningkatkan Perencanaan Karier Siswa di SMA Negeri 78 Jakarta
Authors: Fitri Lailathul , Mufidah Hana , Adirama Dio Rizky , Pedhu Yoseph , Indriani Dewi
Published: October 2024

Salah satu tugas perkembangan yang harus dilalui oleh remaja adalah merencanakan karier masa depan. Pada masa ini sering kali remaja mengalami kebingungan dalam mencocokkan kemampuan, bakat, dan dan minat mereka dengan berbagai pilihan karier yang tersedia. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penerapan metode Project Based Learning (PjBL) dalam layanan bimbingan klasikal sebagai upaya meningkatkan kemampuan perencanaan karier siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode penelitian eksperimen desain Quasi Eksperimental, bentuk Quasi Experimental yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Pretest Posttest One Group Design. Analisis terhadap hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa PjBL menggunakan media career tree efektif dalam meningkatkan perencanaan karier siswa, karena PjBL dinilai mampu menstimulasi siswa untuk meningkatkan interaksi, menumbuhkan sikap aktif dan kooperatif dalam pembelajaran dan memenuhi pembelajaran kontekstual untuk memberikan pembelajaran yang bermakna.
Conscious Intelligent Feedback Model
Authors: HuaZQi
Published: October 2024

摘要：本文从意识本质、显意识以及意识智能模型三个方面对意识现象进行深入分析。首先，本文探讨意识的本质，提出主体角度理论框架，指出意识是主体角度出现的内容变化，这种内容变化与实体的结构变化一一对应。然后，本文通过具体的实例，如动物显意识神经网络，详细阐述了意识是如何与主体结构、神经网络结构以及客观世界相互关联的。最后，本文对意识智能模型进行探讨，指出意识智能是多细胞协同整体反馈记录自然变化数据并且形成数据结构模型，从而可以通过数据结构模型推理提前预测变化趋利避害的模式，并提出意识智能反馈模型的分析和构想。关键词：意识；主体角度；显意识神经网络；意识智能反馈模型Abstract: This paper makes an in-depth analysis of the phenomenon of consciousness from three aspects: the essence of consciousness, conscious consciousness and conscious intelligence model. First of all, this paper discusses the essence of consciousness, puts forward the theoretical framework of subject angle, and points out that consciousness is the content change of subject angle, which corresponds to the structural change of entity one by one. Then, through concrete examples, such as animal conscious neural network, this paper expounds in detail how consciousness is related to the main structure, neural network structure and the objective world. Finally, this paper discusses the model of conscious intelligence, pointing out that conscious intelligence is a model in which multi-cells cooperate with the whole feedback to record natural change data and form a data structure model, so that changes can be predicted in advance to avoid disadvantages through data structure model reasoning, and the analysis and conception of CIFM(Conscious Intelligence Feedback Model) are put forward.Keywords:Consciousness；Subjective Perspective；Conscious neural network；Conscious Intelligent Feedback Model
Removal of Microplastics and Performance of a Developed Ceramic Filter
Authors: Vogel Natália , Pedrotti Matheus , Zimmer André
Published: October 2024

The consumption of microplastics can have harmful effects. To effectively remove microplastics from water using an affordable device, this study developed a ceramic filter based on clay and waste glass. The research evaluated the addition of a porogenic agent and the effects of firing temperature. In the formulations, clay was substituted by a porogenic agent with 10 and 20 by weight, maintaining 10 by weight of waste glass. Ceramic filters were produced by molding press, and evaluated for their physical properties. Its performance was assessed by water permeability at different pressures, leaching of elements, and removal of microplastics. As a result, formulations with a higher porogenic agent content and lower firing temperature present superior permeability, however, permeability increases after higher pressure tests, when structure fracture may occur. Moreover, the formulation with the lowest porosity (without adding a porogenic agent) achieved an impressive removal rate of nearly 99.8%. It was concluded that a ceramic filter could retain microplastics well, as long as the filtration pressure and porosity were optimized to obtain the best results – higher filtration without fracture.
Myths of Privatization in Education versus Reality: A Critical Exploration in Nepali Context
Authors: Sharma Prakash
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This paper explores the history of privatization in education in Nepal with the aim of exposing its multilayered negative impacts in different sectors of the country. Critiquing on the different illusions created by those supporting this privatization, an attempt is made to unfold its ugly reality and the way it corrupts different state mechanisms. The irony is that outwardly privatization seems to be playing a positive role for enhancing the quality of education as well as creating job opportunities. But in reality, it is playing a crucial role for the degradation of the quality of education and promoting exploitation in different forms. Moreover, privatization in education is corrupting the mentality of our youth and creating such a social environment where money is regarded as everything. Increased expenditure of people in basic needs like education and health has increased the pressure of earning that ultimately leads to corruption. The money earned from private institutions is being used to make state mechanisms failure. This paper concludes that the privatization of education is the source of multiple problems Nepalese society is facing at present. Therefore, the decision of privatization in education needs to change with critical understanding of the myths created by the supporters of privatization for a better society. This research paper can be helpful for those who are working in the field of education.
Assessing the Socio-Economic Impacts of Solar Home Systems on Chingad, Surkhet
Authors: Oli Lok Bahadur , Oli Lokendra
Published: October 2024

This study assesses the multifaceted socio-economic impacts of Solar Home Systems (SHS) on the remote community of Chingad, Surkhet. Employing a comprehensive research framework, we investigate the extent to which the adoption of SHS has influenced the livelihoods, economic activities, and social dynamics within the community. Through a combination of quantitative and qualitative methodologies, we analyzed the economic benefits, social empowerment, and environmental sustainability associated with the integration of solar energy. The limitations of the study included its focus on Chindgad-5, Surkhet. This research employed a descriptive-analytic approach within an exploratory research design. In the study area, a total of 386 households were included, with 188 utilizing solar energy in December 2023 AD from field observation. The research focused on a subset of 36 purposely selected solar home system users. Energy consumption patterns varied among ethnic groups and social classes, and universal electricity access was not observed in the study area. The study integrated both descriptive and exploratory elements to comprehensively address its objectives, utilizing a combination of primary and secondary data. For policymakers, development professionals, and other stakeholders engaged in sustainable energy projects in similar circumstances, the findings offer insightful information about the complex relationships that are present between solar technology and the local socioeconomic fabric. The study provides valuable insights for policymakers, energy planners, and development organizations working towards sustainable and inclusive energy solutions in rural Nepal. The successful integration of SHS not only addresses energy needs but also contributes to economic development and improved living conditions in off-grid communities.
Determining an Applicable Sample Size in Research Studies
Authors: Sharma Lok Raj , Bhattarai Teknath
Published: October 2024

Determining a proper sample size is a critical aspect of research design as it influences the reliability and validity of study findings. The key objective of writing this article is to suggest some rudimentary formulae, easy software tools and a general sample size table to determine an applicable sample size to be used in research studies. To attain this objective, relevant books and journal articles have been taken as the sources of secondary data. After a comprehensive overview of the literature regarding the sample size, this article concludes that the confidence level, the margin of error, the population size, and the population proportion statistically determine the sample size in quantitative research studies. Similarly, the nature of population, and types of research studies are the vital factors that confer us the basic idea about the sample size before computing the ideal or required sample size that homogeneous population and qualitative research studies generally require a smaller sample size, whereas heterogeneous population and quantitative research studies necessitate a larger sample size. Researchers, practitioners, and students will find this article valuable in guiding their decisions on sample size determination for robust and meaningful research outcomes.
Allegorization of History in Burial at Sea
Authors: Adhikari Tara Prasad
Published: October 2024

The paper titled “Allegorization of History in Burial at Sea” investigates Khushwant Singh's novel as an allegorized history of post-independent India. Published in 2005, Singh's narrative intertwines the lives of fictional characters with historical figures. Using a combination of textual analysis and historical data, this study examines how Singh's portrayal of these characters serves as an allegorical representation of broader historical narratives. By analyzing the allegorical elements within the novel, the study reveals how Singh's fictionalization serves to critique the idealized images of prominent historical figures, such as Jawaharlal Nehru, and the socio-political dynamics of their time. The findings suggest that Singh's work offers a complex re-interpretation of historical events and figures, highlighting the intersection of fiction and history. The significance of this study lies in its contribution to the discourse on the allegorical nature of historical fiction. This research provides a comprehensive analysis of how fictional works can reshape our perceptions of historical reality.
Gender Differences in Request Strategies among Graduate Students
Authors: Tiwari Hari Prasad
Published: October 2024

Proficiency in request strategies is key in handling social hierarchies and managing interpersonal communication. It is also essential in reducing misunderstandings and enhancing communication efficiency in both educational and professional settings. This quantitative survey investigated the request strategies employed by graduate students in different hierarchical contexts. The sample population consisted of 100 B.Ed. (Bachelor of Education) major English students from ten campuses affiliated to Tribhuvan University (TU). The sample was selected employing stratified simple random sampling method. The data were collected using a structured questionnaire with nine closed-ended questions in the year 2081 BS. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics technique of quantitative data analysis. The result revealed distinct patterns in request strategies when addressing individuals of varying ranks. In higher-to-lower rank scenarios, male respondents predominantly used mood derivable strategies, while females showed a preference for performatives and hedge performatives. For equal-to-equal rank situations, males favored direct mood derivable strategies, while females used a more varied approach with higher incidences of indirect strategies. In lower-to-higher rank contexts, males again showed a preference for direct approaches, whereas females exhibited a higher use of indirect and polite strategies. These findings highlight significant gender-based differences in communication strategies which emphasize the need for personalized approaches in educational and professional settings.
Impact of Remittance Income on Women’s Empowerment in Nepal
Authors: Chapagai Shiva Dutta
Published: October 2024

Remittances are a crucial component of the global economy and a significant source of income for developing nations. They contribute significantly to the economic growth of recipient countries by providing investment opportunities, boosting consumption and women's empowerment, and reducing poverty. The objective of this study is to analyze the impact of remittance income on women’s empowerment in Nepal. The research used a descriptive cross-sectional design and collected primary data through a questionnaire. Five-point likert type scaling technique was used to obtain a response to each question. Data were collected by interviewing individuals who receive remittances from banks and cooperatives in Bhimad City Tanahun. Household were randomly selected as samples including 16 from Bhimad Municipality, 8 from Rishing Rural Municipality, 10 from Ghiriing Rural Municipality, and 6 from Myadge Rural Municipality. All the households in the study area receiving remittance income throughout the year 2023 were considered as the population of the study. Descriptive statistics were employed to present the data through mean, t-test, and percentages. The results of the study showed that remittances significantly contributed to women's financial independence, education, and healthcare access, poverty alleviation, enhancing decision-making power within households, and promoting participation in community development. The consistently high p-value was 17.30 and lowest p-value was 13.30, high and low p-value indicates that there was a strong consensus among respondents regarding the positive impact of remittances on women's empowerment. The findings have significant implications for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners. It highlights the need the targeted interventions that maximize the positive impact of remittances on women's empowerment while addressing potential challenges. Overall, the study emphasizes the need to recognize the critical role of remittances in promoting women's empowerment and the importance of developing effective strategies to harness their potential.
Farmland Birds and their Importance in Agro ecosystem: A Review
Authors: Parajuli Kanchan , Ghimire Pranish
Published: October 2024

Avian fauna provide a variety of functions, including predators, pollinators, scavengers, seed dispersers, pests controller, nutrient cycling, ecosystem engineers, and many others. Birds play important ecological and economic functions however they are sometimes overlooked simply because of a lack of knowledge. However, as bird populations drop globally, so do the ecological advantages given by these species. To support bird conservation, this review study focuses on the role of birds in the agro-ecosystem and their benefits to humans. Biodiversity databases and existing literature were reviewed to establish baseline information on farmland bird species and their preferences. Searches were limited to articles published between 2005 to 2024. Healthy bird populations and habitats would help to safeguard a variety of ecological functions, ultimately benefiting human health. Farmland birds are disappearing. Due to the widespread use of pesticides, lack of habitat, birds and other animals are disappearing and unnecessary harmful pest species are increasing and the agricultural environment is deteriorating. So, this review paper tries to emphasize on urgent conservation measures that are necessary for the protection of agricultural birds which are essential for the health of both natural and agricultural environments.
नेपाली कथामा अपाङ्ग शरीरमाथिको राजनीति [Politics on Physically Disabled in Nepal Stories]
Authors: Dhakal Rajani
Published: October 2024

प्रस्तुत अध्ययन समकालीन नेपाली कथामा शरीरमाथि गरिने राजनीतिको अध्ययनमा केन्द्रित छ । शक्तिका आधारमा कुनै पनि शरीरमाथि गरिने दमन र वर्चस्वशली व्यक्तिले कमजोर शरीरमाथि गरेको दोहनलाई शरीर राजनीति भनिन्छ । पछिल्लो समयमा फरक क्षमताका मानिसका संवेदना र भोगाइलाई विषय बनाएर कथा लेख्ने क्रम बढेको छ । अन्य शरीरभन्दा कमजोर रहने अपाङ्ग शरीरमाथि अझ बढी उपेक्षा, दमन र शोषण भएको स्थिति छ भन्ने विषयमा सचेत भई नेपाली साहित्यमा कथा लेखिएको छ र सचेततापूर्वक यस्तो लेख्न क्रम बढेको छ । यस सन्दर्भमा वर्तमान समयका पाँचवटा कथामा चित्रण गरिएको शरीरमाथिको राजनीतिका विषयको अध्ययन गर्ने क्रममा महेश थापाको 'यात्रा', महेश पौड्यालको 'बगर', एल.बी. क्षेत्रीको 'मृदुलको आत्मकथा', प्रज्जवल पराजुलीको 'खुँडे ओठ' र मनिषा गौचनको 'अतृप्त भोक' कथाहरू अध्ययन गरी अपाङ्ग शरीरमाथि समाजमा गरिने दमनात्मक व्यवहारलाई खोजिएको छ । यस अध्ययनमा उपर्युक्त पाँच कथाबाट प्राथमिक सामग्री सङ्कलन गरी शरीर राजनीतिको सैद्धान्तिक आधारबाट ती सामग्रीको विश्‍लेषण गरिएको छ । कथाहरूको अध्ययनबाट समाजमा अपाङ्ग शरीरका अनेक अवस्था रहेका र ती शरीरलाई विभिन्न रूपमा दमनपूर्ण व्यवहार गरिने स्थिति रहेको र तिनका लागि लेखकले प्रतिरोधपूर्ण आवाज उठाएको निष्कर्ष निकालिएको छ ।
[This study focuses on the study of body politics in contemporary Nepali short story fiction. The oppression of anybody based on power and the exploitation of weak bodies by dominant people is called body politics. In recent times, there has been an increase in the trend of writing stories based on the feelings and experiences of people with different abilities. In this context, while studying the body politics depicted in five contemporary stories, Mahesh Thapa's 'Yatra', Mahesh Paudyal's 'Bagar', L.B. Chhetri's 'Mridulako Aatmkatha', Prajwal Parajuli's 'Khunde Oth' and Manisha Gauchan's 'Atripta Bhok' have been studied and the oppressive behavior of disabled bodies in the society has been explored. In this study, primary material has been collected from the above-mentioned five stories and analyzed from the theoretical basis of body politics. From the study of the stories, it has been concluded that there are many conditions of disabled bodies in the society and that there are many conditions of disabled bodies in the society and that these bodies are treated oppressively in different ways nad the author raised a resistance voice for them.
Impact of Socio-economic Factors on the Perception of Equality of Opportunity
Authors: Krishna Bahadur G.C.
Published: October 2024

This article examines the various sociological and philosophical perspectives on equality of opportunity, focusing on areas of misunderstanding within these viewpoints. It aims to critically analyze these perspectives, highlighting the underlying assumptions and challenging simplistic approaches to the concept of equal opportunity. The article claims that these perspectives differ in knowledge, beliefs about the familiar world, and human comprehension. By critiquing the constitutionalist approach, which prioritizes overall quality of life, and contrasting it with the Marxist perspective, which emphasizes protection based on socioeconomic status, this essay challenges conventional notions of equal opportunity. It advocates for a perspective rooted in fundamental equality and social democratic philosophy, arguing against discrimination based on sex, gender, race, ethnicity, or socioeconomic status. The article posits that we should regard all individuals as equally valuable human beings. Furthermore, this study contends that the perception of equal opportunity remains misleading, as the most effective criteria for achieving it remain unresolved in specific contexts and situations. By examining these complexities, the article aims to contribute to a more nuanced understanding of equality of opportunity in contemporary society.
The Adverse Effect of Dehumanizing Practices on Student Engagement and Learning in English Language Teaching Classroom
Authors: Raju Parajuli
Published: October 2024

Knowingly or unknowingly, forgetting our multilingual and multicultural scenario, teachers’ behaviors may create social inequalities and injustices in the classroom; in the name of the dominant language of the school and power relation. Our classroom context is multilingual, multicultural and bilingual where students come from different economic and linguistic background. To some extent, our school system, including textbooks, instruction, curriculum, teaching practices seem to have influenced by the dominant ‘English/Nepali only’ approach. Furthermore, some teachers may not motivate minority students looking their low economic status, uncombed hair, roughly managed shirt-paint, unpolished shoes and low proficiency in English language. In this context, this paper aims to analyze the difficulties and struggle of demotivated (due to teachers’ bias behaviors and friends’ insult upon their appearance and language) Nepali language speaking children’s experiences as they feel insulted in school environment. To fulfill this objective, I adopted narrative research design in line with the qualitative research method. Discussing on the basis of classroom observation and unstructured interviews with the student, this paper analyzes that how the learners are marginalized and forbidden equal access to participate in the mainstream of social and political life that enhances their better learning opportunity and participation in classroom and society to what Bourdieu’s word symbolic violence with some examples of how such social inequalities and injustices are seen in school’s teaching-learning practices. Specially, given the problematic nature of schooling for such learners in some of the schools in Nepal, this paper highlights the need for socially responsive school policies and critical pedagogy, aiming at challenging and changing certain practices having identified a problem; originally propounded by Paulo Freire, a Brazilian educator; understanding the difficulties of living in poverty, local context entertaining the linguistic and cultural diversity of students. This study contributes to all the educational stakeholders to update and change themselves as human- friendly behaviours with the learners that can maintain social equalities and justice.
मान्छेका रङहरू कवितासङ्ग्रहमा व्यङ्ग्य
Authors: टंकप्रसाद Tankaprasad पन्थ Panth
Published: October 2024

प्रस्तुत अनुसन्धानमूलक लेख मान्छेका रङहरू कवितासङ्ग्रहको विश्लेषणमा केन्द्रित रहेको छ । प्रस्तुत कवितासङ्ग्रहका लेखक कवि वनमाली निराकार हुन् । उनको यस कृतिमा मानवीय प्रवृत्तिमाथिको सघन व्यङ्ग्य पाइन्छ । रूपमा र सारमा भिन्नै चरित्र भएका मानिसहरूको यथार्थ अवस्थाको चिरफार गर्ने काम कविले गरेका छन् ।  विभिन्न स्वरूप र आकारका कविताद्वारा मानवीय विकृतिमाथिको कटाक्ष कृतिमा व्यक्त भएको पाइन्छ । व्यक्ति, समाज र राष्ट्रमा चुलिएका बेथितिहरूलाई मर्ममा पुग्ने गरी प्रहार गरिएकाले व्यङ्ग्यको पाटो नै सशक्त बनेर आएको पाइन्छ । कवितामा कतै सिधै त कतै व्याजस्तुतिमय शैलीका माध्यमबाट विकृतिमाथि कटु प्रहार गरिएको देख्न सकिन्छ । सामाजिक, राजनीतिक, शैक्षिक, आदि क्षेत्रमा भएका अराजक व्यवहार र छुद्रतालाई झल्काई मानिसको व्यवहारमा सुधार र परिष्कारको आग्रह गरिएको पाइन्छ । उच्चपदमा रहेकाहरूले आफ्नो मर्यादा राख्न नसकेको यथार्थलाई रोचक पाराले व्यङ्ग्य कसिएको पाइन्छ । कविले आफू बसेको समाजमा देखेभोगेका वास्तविकतालाई व्यङ्ग्यात्मक पाराले प्रस्तुत गरेका छन् । यस लेखमा व्यक्तिका तहदेखि आम संस्कृति बनेर रहेको कामचोर प्रवृत्तिलाई प्रकाश पारिएको कुरालाई महत्त्वका साथ विश्लेषण गर्ने काम गरिएको छ । नेपाली साहित्य समालोचनामा भानुभक्तभन्दा अगाडिदेखि अस्तित्वमा रहेको व्यङ्ग्य लेखन र व्यङ्ग्यात्मक सिद्धान्तका आधारमा वनमाली निराकारद्वारा लिखित मान्छेका रङहरू कवितासङ्ग्रहमा केन्द्रित रही विश्लेषण गर्ने काम गरिएको छ । व्यङ्ग्यको आधारभूत मान्यतालाई सैद्धान्तिक पर्याधारका रूपमा उठान गरी त्यसैका आधारमा शोध्य कृतिको विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । यस क्रममा मान्छेका रङहरू कृतिमा हास्यव्यङ्ग्यको प्रयोग कसरी भएको छ ? भन्ने मुख्य समस्यामूलक प्रश्नमा केन्द्रित रही प्रस्तुत कवितासङ्ग्रहलाई हास्यव्यङ्ग्यको सैद्धान्तिक पर्याधारका पृष्ठभूमिमा विश्लेषण गरी कृतिको मूल्यनिरूपण गरिएको छ । प्रस्तुत लेखमा प्रथम र द्वितीयक स्रोतबाट आवश्यक सामग्री सङ्कलन गरिएको छ । वर्णनात्मक तथा विश्लेषणात्मक विधिद्वारा सामग्रीको विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । व्यङ्ग्यसम्बन्धी अवधारणालाई सैद्धान्तिक पर्याधारका रूपमा अवलम्बन गरी कृतिमा निहित व्यङयलाई खोजी विश्लेषणका साथमा निष्कर्ष निकाल्ने काम गरिएको छ ।
'तिम्रो लोग्ने र म' कथामा विद्रोही नारीवादी चेतना
Authors: शंकरप्रसाद Shankarprasad गैरे Gaire
Published: October 2024

तिम्रो लोग्ने र म कथा मुना चौधरीद्वारा लेखिएको हो । यो लेख प्रस्तुत कथामा अन्तर्निहित नारीवादी चेतनाको विश्लेषणमा केन्द्रित रहेको छ । पुरुषप्रधान समाजमा प्रत्यक्ष परोक्ष रूपमा विभिन्न व्यवहार र क्रियाकलापका माध्यमबाट नारीलाई अपमान गर्ने र दोस्रो दर्जामा राख्ने प्रयत्न गरिएको पाइन्छ । आजका नारीले यसप्रकारको अपमान सहेर बस्नु हुँदैन । आफ्नो हक र अधिकारका लागि सङ्घर्ष गर्नुपर्छ भन्ने भाव प्रकट भएको प्रस्तुत कथामा नारीको विद्रोही स्वर अभिव्यक्त भएको पाइन्छ । आर्थिक दृष्टिले कमजोर भए पनि चेतनाले नारीलाई विद्रोही बनाउँछ भन्ने दृष्टिकोण प्रस्तुत गरिएको यो कथा विद्रोही नारीवादी चेतनाका दृष्टिले महत्त्वपूर्ण रहेको छ । उत्तरआधुनिक समालोचनामा नारीवादी सिद्धान्तका समन्वयवादी र विद्रोही दुई स्वरूप देखिएका छन् । यस कथामा नारीको विद्रोही चेतनालाई प्रस्तुत गरिएकाले तिम्रो लोग्ने र म कथामा विद्रोही नारीवादको केकस्तो स्वरूप पाइन्छ ? भन्ने समस्यामूलक प्रश्नमा केन्द्रित रहेर अध्ययनलाई अगाडि बढाइएको छ । अध्ययनको मुख्य स्रोत सामग्रीका रूपमा मुना चौधरीको तिम्रो लोग्ने र म कथालाई चयन गरिएको छ भने पुस्तकालय स्रोतका आधारमा द्वितीय स्रोत सामग्रीको प्रयोग गरी अध्ययनलाई अगाडि बढाइएको छ । यस अध्ययनलाई सम्पन्न गर्न गुणात्मक अध्ययनअन्तर्गत व्याख्यात्मक विश्लेषणात्मक अध्ययनविधिलाई अवलम्बन गरिएको छ । विद्रोही नारीवादी चिन्तनका दृष्टिले विश्लेष्य कथा सशक्त रहेको निष्कर्ष निकालिएको छ ।