bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimal Financing Decisions of Two Cash-Constrained Supply Chains with Complementary Products
Authors: Li Yuting , Chen Tong , Xin Baogui
Published: May 2016

In recent years; financing difficulties have been obsessed small and medium enterprises (SMEs); especially emerging SMEs. Inter-members’ joint financing within a supply chain is one of solutions for SMEs. How about members’ joint financing of inter-supply chains? In order to answer the question, we firstly employ the Stackelberg game to propose three kinds of financing decision models of two cash-constrained supply chains with complementary products. Secondly, we analyze qualitatively these models and find the joint financing decision of the two supply chains is the most optimal one. Lastly, we conduct some numerical simulations not only to illustrate above results but also to find that the larger are cross-price sensitivity coefficients; the higher is the motivation for participants to make joint financing decisions; and the more are profits for them to gain.
Asymmetric Block Design-Based Neighbor Discovery Protocol in Sensor Networks
Authors: Choi Sangil , Yi Gangman
Published: May 2016

Neighbor discovery is one of the emerging research areas in a wireless sensor network. After sensors are distributed, neighbor discovery is the first process to set up a communication channel with neighboring sensors. This paper proposes a new block design–based asymmetric neighbor discovery protocol for sensor networks. We borrow the concept of combinatorial block designs for our block combination scheme for neighbor discovery. First, we introduce an asymmetric neighbor discovery problem and define a target research question. Second, we propose a new asymmetric block design–based neighbor discovery protocol and explain how it works. Third, we analyze the worst-case neighbor discovery latency numerically between our protocol and some well-known protocols in the literature, and compare and evaluate the performance between the proposed protocol and others. Our protocol reveals that the worst-case latency is much lower than that of Disco and U-Connect. Finally, we conclude that the minimum number of slots per a neighbor schedule shows the lowest discovery time in terms of discovery latency and energy consumption.
Research on Factors Affecting the Optimal Exploitation of Natural Gas Resources in China
Authors: Xiao Jianzhong , Wang Xiaolin , Wang Ran
Published: May 2016

This paper develops an optimizing model for the long-term exploitation of limited natural gas reserves in China. In addition to describing the life cycle characteristics of natural gas production and introducing the inter-temporal allocation theory, this paper builds the optimal exploitation model of natural gas resources within a gas field in the Ordos Basin as an example to analyze its exploitation scale and how influence factors, such as recovery rate, discount rate and the gas well exhausting cycle, affect the optimal exploration path of this gas field. We determine that an increase in the discount rate stimulates investors to invest more aggressively in natural gas exploitation in the early period due to the lower discounted value, thereby increasing the pace of the exploitation of natural gas and the exhaustion of gas fields. A higher recoverable factor implies more recoverable reserves and greater potential of increasing the output of gas fields. The exhaustion rate of gas wells affects the capability of converting capacity to output. When exhaustion occurs quickly in gas wells, the output will likely increase in the output rising period, and the output will likely decrease at a faster rate in the output reduction period. Price reform affects the economic recoverable reserves of gas fields.
Multi-Site Validation of the SWAT Model on the Bani Catchment: Model Performance and Predictive Uncertainty
Authors: Chaibou Begou Jamilatou , Jomaa Seifeddine , Benabdallah Sihem , Bazie Pibgnina , Afouda Abel , Rode Michael
Published: May 2016

The objective of this study was to assess the performance and predictive uncertainty of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model on the Bani River Basin, at catchment and subcatchment levels. The SWAT model was calibrated using the Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE) approach. Potential Evapotranspiration (PET) and biomass were considered in the verification of model outputs accuracy. Global Sensitivity Analysis (GSA) was used for identifying important model parameters. Results indicated a good performance of the global model at daily as well as monthly time steps with adequate predictive uncertainty. PET was found to be overestimated but biomass was better predicted in agricultural land and forest. Surface runoff represents the dominant process on streamflow generation in that region. Individual calibration at subcatchment scale yielded better performance than when the global parameter sets were applied. These results are very useful and provide a support to further studies on regionalization to make prediction in ungauged basins.
Performance of a Constructed Wetland and Pretreatment System Receiving Potato Farm Wash Water
Authors: Bosak Vera , VanderZaag Andrew , Crolla Anna , Kinsley Christopher , Gordon Robert
Published: May 2016

Many potato processors require on-farm washing of potatoes, creating large quantities of wastewater that requires treatment, starting in the fall until the end of the potato storage period in mid-summer. We studied the treatment of wastewater from a potato farm in Ontario, Canada, using a system of pretreatment (sedimentation, aeration) followed by a surface-flow wetland with a dense growth of cattails (Typha sp.). The raw wastewater had high average concentrations of 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5; 1113 mg·L−1), total suspended solids (TSS; 4338 mg·L−1), total nitrogen (TN; 311 mg·L−1) and total phosphorus (TP; 42.5 mg·L−1). Due to high influent loads, the pretreatment was enlarged during annual sediment cleaning at the end of Year 1 (Y1), which increased the hydraulic retention time and delayed the seasonal onset of wetland loading from winter in Y1 to spring in Year 2 (Y2). Total concentration reduction for the treatment system (pretreatment + wetland) in Y2 was 96% BOD5, 99% TSS, 86% TN and 90% TP; and in Y1 was 79% BOD5, 97% TSS, 62% TN and 54% TP. Overall, the best treatment in both the pretreatment and the wetland was seen in spring months. The enlarged pretreatment system enabled seasonal loading of the wetland during the spring and summer, which facilitated improved treatment performance.
Gold nanoparticles covalently assembled onto vesicle structures as possible biosensing platform
Authors: Barroso M Fátima , Luna M Alejandra , Tabares Juan S Flores , Delerue-Matos Cristina , Correa N Mariano , Moyano Fernando , Molina Patricia G
Published: May 2016

In this contribution a strategy is shown to covalently immobilize gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) onto vesicle bilayers with the aim of using this nanomaterial as platform for the future design of immunosensors. A novel methodology for the self-assembly of AuNPs onto large unilamellar vesicle structures is described. The vesicles were formed with 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) and 1-undecanethiol (SH). After, the AuNPs photochemically synthesized in pure glycerol were mixed and anchored onto SH–DOPC vesicles. The data provided by voltammetry, spectrometry and microscopy techniques indicated that the AuNPs were successfully covalently anchored onto the vesicle bilayer and decorated vesicles exhibit a spherical shape with a size of 190 ± 10 nm. The developed procedure is easy, rapid and reproducible to start designing a possible immunosensor by using environmentally friendly procedures.
THE WIND OF ROTATING B SUPERGIANTS. I. DOMAINS OF SLOW AND FAST SOLUTION REGIMES
Authors: Venero R. O. J. , Curé M. , Cidale L. S. , Araya I.
Published: May 2016

In the scenario of rotating radiation-driven wind theory for massive stars, three types of stationary hydrodynamic solutions are currently known: the classical (fast) m-CAK solution, the Ω-slow solution that arises for fast rotators, and the so-called δ-slow solution if high values of the δ line-force parameter are allowed independently of the rotation speed. Compared to the fast solution, both “slow solutions” have lower terminal velocities. As the study of the parameter domain for the slow solution is still incomplete, we perform a comprehensive analysis of the distinctive flow regimes for B supergiants that emerge from a fine grid of rotation values, Ω, and various ionization conditions in the wind (δ) parameter. The wind ionization defines two domains: one for fast outflowing winds and the other for slow expanding flows. Both domains are clear-cut by a gap, where a kink/plateau structure of the velocity law could exist for a finite interval of δ. The location and width of the gap depend on T
eff and Ω. There is a smooth and continuous transition between the Ω-slow and δ-slow regimes, a single Ω δ-slow regime. We discuss different situations where the slow solutions can be found and the possibility of a switch between fast and slow solutions in B supergiant winds. We compare the theoretical terminal velocity with observations of B and A supergiants and find that the fast regime prevails mostly for early B supergiants while the slow wind regime matches better for A and B mid- and late-type supergiants.
TORQUE ENHANCEMENT, SPIN EQUILIBRIUM, AND JET POWER FROM DISK-INDUCED OPENING OF PULSAR MAGNETIC FIELDS
Authors: Parfrey Kyle , Spitkovsky Anatoly , Beloborodov Andrei M.
Published: May 2016

The interaction of a rotating star’s magnetic field with a surrounding plasma disk lies at the heart of many questions posed by neutron stars in X-ray binaries. We consider the opening of stellar magnetic flux due to differential rotation along field lines coupling the star and disk, using a simple model for the disk-opened flux, the torques exerted on the star by the magnetosphere, and the power extracted by the electromagnetic wind. We examine the conditions under which the system enters an equilibrium spin state, in which the accretion torque is instantaneously balanced by the pulsar wind torque alone. For magnetic moments, spin frequencies, and accretion rates relevant to accreting millisecond pulsars, the spin-down torque from this enhanced pulsar wind can be substantially larger than that predicted by existing models of the disk–magnetosphere interaction, and is in principle capable of maintaining spin equilibrium at frequencies less than 1 kHz. We speculate that this mechanism may account for the non-detection of frequency increases during outbursts of SAX J1808.4-3658 and XTE J1814-338, and may be generally responsible for preventing spin-up to sub-millisecond periods. If the pulsar wind is collimated by the surrounding environment, the resulting jet can satisfy the power requirements of the highly relativistic outflows from Cir X-1 and Sco X-1. In this framework, the jet power scales relatively weakly with accretion rate,

, and would be suppressed at high accretion rates only if the stellar magnetic moment is sufficiently low.
ALMACAL I: FIRST DUAL-BAND NUMBER COUNTS FROM A DEEP AND WIDE ALMA SUBMILLIMETER SURVEY, FREE FROM COSMIC VARIANCE
Authors: Oteo I. , Zwaan M. A. , Ivison R. J. , Smail I. , Biggs A. D.
Published: May 2016

We have exploited ALMA calibration observations to carry out a novel, wide, and deep submillimeter (submm) survey, almacal. These calibration data comprise a large number of observations of calibrator fields in a variety of frequency bands and array configurations. By gathering together data acquired during multiple visits to many ALMA calibrators, it is possible to reach noise levels which allow the detection of faint, dusty, star-forming galaxies (DSFGs) over a significant area. In this paper, we outline our survey strategy and report the first results. We have analyzed data for 69 calibrators, reaching depths of ∼25 μJy beam−1 at sub-arcsec resolution. Adopting a conservative approach based on ≥5σ detections, we have found 8 and 11 DSFGs in ALMA bands 6 and 7, respectively, with flux densities S
1.2 mm ≥ 0.2 mJy. The faintest galaxies would have been missed by even the deepest Herschel surveys. Our cumulative number counts have been determined independently at 870 μm and 1.2 mm from a sparse sampling of the astronomical sky, and are thus relatively free of cosmic variance. The counts are lower than reported previously by a factor of at least 2×. Future analyses will yield large, secure samples of DSFGs with redshifts determined via the detection of submm spectral lines. Uniquely, our strategy then allows for morphological studies of very faint DSFGs—representative of more normal star-forming galaxies than conventional submm galaxies—in fields where self-calibration is feasible, yielding milliarcsecond spatial resolution.
THE REDMAPPER GALAXY CLUSTER CATALOG FROM DES SCIENCE VERIFICATION DATA
Authors: Rykoff E. S. , Rozo E. , Hollowood D. , Bermeo-Hernandez A. , Jeltema T. , Mayers J. , Romer A. K. , Rooney P. , Saro A. , Cervantes C. Vergara , Wechsler R. H. , Wilcox H. , Abbott T. M. C. , Abdalla F. B. , Allam S. , Annis J. , Benoit-Lévy A. , Bernstein G. M. , Bertin E. , Brooks D. , Burke D. L. , Capozzi D. , Rosell A. Carnero , Kind M. Carrasco , Castander F. J. , Childress M. , Collins C. A. , Cunha C. E. , D’Andrea C. B. , Costa L. N. da , Davis T. M. , Desai S. , Diehl H. T. , Dietrich J. P. , Doel P. , Evrard A. E. , Finley D. A. , Flaugher B. , Fosalba P. , Frieman J. , Glazebrook K. , Goldstein D. A. , Gruen D. , Gruendl R. A. , Gutierrez G. , Hilton M. , Honscheid K. , Hoyle B. , James D. J. , Kay S. T. , Kuehn K. , Kuropatkin N. , Lahav O. , Lewis G. F. , Lidman C. , Lima M. , Maia M. A. G. , Mann R. G. , Marshall J. L. , Martini P. , Melchior P. , Miller C. J. , Miquel R. , Mohr J. J. , Nichol R. C. , Nord B. , Ogando R. , Plazas A. A. , Reil K. , Sahlén M. , Sanchez E. , Santiago B. , Scarpine V. , Schubnell M. , Sevilla-Noarbe I. , Smith R. C. , Soares-Santos M. , Sobreira F. , Stott J. P. , Suchyta E. , Swanson M. E. C. , Tarle G. , Thomas D. , Tucker D. , Uddin S. , Viana P. T. P. , Vikram V. , Walker A. R. , Zhang Y. ,   (The DES Collaboration)
Published: May 2016

We describe updates to the redMaPPer algorithm, a photometric red-sequence cluster finder specifically designed for large photometric surveys. The updated algorithm is applied to

of Science Verification (SV) data from the Dark Energy Survey (DES), and to the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) DR8 photometric data set. The DES SV catalog is locally volume limited and contains 786 clusters with richness

(roughly equivalent to

) and

. The DR8 catalog consists of 26,311 clusters with

, with a sharply increasing richness threshold as a function of redshift for

. The photometric redshift performance of both catalogs is shown to be excellent, with photometric redshift uncertainties controlled at the

level for

, rising to ∼0.02 at

in DES SV. We make use of Chandra and XMM X-ray and South Pole Telescope Sunyaev–Zeldovich data to show that the centering performance and mass–richness scatter are consistent with expectations based on prior runs of redMaPPer on SDSS data. We also show how the redMaPPer photo-z and richness estimates are relatively insensitive to imperfect star/galaxy separation and small-scale star masks.
Risk Factors for Permanent Visual Loss in Biopsy-proven Giant Cell Arteritis: A Study of 339 Patients
Authors: Liozon Eric , Dalmay François , Lalloue Fabrice , Gondran Guillaume , Bezanahary Holy , Fauchais Anne-Laure , Ly Kim-Heang
Published: May 2016

Objective.

To determine the risk factors for permanent visual loss (PVL) in patients with biopsy-proven giant cell arteritis (GCA) and the usefulness of the factors in clinical practice.

Methods.

From 1976 through 2015, the clinical charts and laboratory results of 339 patients with biopsy-proven GCA were recorded prospectively at the time of diagnosis. We used multivariable logistic regression analysis to determine which of 24 pretreatment characteristics were associated with PVL.

Results.

Visual ischemic manifestations occurred in 108 patients, including PVL in 53 (16%), bilaterally in 15 patients (28%). The independent predictors associated with an increased risk of PVL were age (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.01–1.12, p = 0.01), a history of transient visual ischemic symptoms (OR 2.62, 95% CI 1.29–5.29, p < 0.01), and jaw claudication (OR 2.11, 95% CI 1.09–4.10, p = 0.03). The presence of fever (OR 0.30, 95% CI 0.14–0.64, p < 0.01) and rheumatic symptoms (OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.10–0.57, p = 0.001) were associated with a markedly reduced risk of developing visual loss (3.7% if features were both present). No laboratory variables were independently associated with PVL.

Conclusion.

The visual ischemic risk of untreated GCA can be readily estimated upon simple clinical findings, but not laboratory variables. However, we did not identify a subgroup of patients carrying no risk of developing visual loss. Glucocorticoid treatment remains, therefore, urgent for any patient with a high clinical suspicion index.
Comparison of Etanercept Monotherapy and Combination Therapy with Methotrexate in Psoriatic Arthritis: Results from 2 Clinical Trials
Authors: Combe Bernard , Behrens Frank , McHugh Neil , Brock Fiona , Kerkmann Urs , Kola Blerina , Gallo Gaia
Published: May 2016

Objective.

To evaluate the clinical/functional outcomes associated with etanercept (ETN) monotherapy versus combination therapy in psoriatic arthritis (PsA).

Methods.

Data from patients with PsA who received ETN alone (n = 322) or combined with methotrexate (MTX; n = 152) for 24 weeks in 2 placebo-controlled clinical trials were summarized across studies.

Results.

Similar proportions of patients in the monotherapy and combination therapy groups achieved the PsA Response Criteria (80% and 83%) and the American College of Rheumatology improvements of 20% (ACR20; both 70%); numerically higher proportions receiving monotherapy achieved ACR50 (55% vs 48%) and ACR70 (35% vs 27%). Little between-group difference was observed in the 28-joint Disease Activity Score with C-reactive protein, the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index, and the Health Assessment Questionnaire–Disability Index improvement.

Conclusion.

ETN with and without MTX provided similar benefits in active PsA.
Patients’ Perspectives and Experiences Living with Systemic Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Thematic Synthesis of Qualitative Studies
Authors: Nakayama Ayano , Tunnicliffe David J. , Thakkar Vivek , Singh-Grewal Davinder , O’Neill Sean , Craig Jonathan C. , Tong Allison
Published: May 2016

Objective.

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic, progressive autoimmune disease with major end-organ involvement. Much attention has been focused on the management of physical and clinical manifestations; however, the effect of the disease and treatment on the patient’s identity, relationships, functioning, and mental well-being are less known. We aimed to describe the patients’ perspectives and experiences of living with SSc.

Methods.

Electronic databases were searched to October 2014. Thematic synthesis was used to analyze the findings.

Results.

We included 26 studies involving 463 patients. Six key themes were identified: distressing appearance transformation (disturbing facial changes, stigmatizing sickness, unrecognizable self), palpable physical limitations (bodily restrictions, frustrating mind-body disconnect, pervasive fatigue, disabling pain), social impairment (breaking intimacy, struggling to fulfill family responsibilities, maintaining work, losing independence), navigating uncertainty (diagnostic ambiguity, medically fending for oneself, unpredictable course of illness), alone and misunderstood (fearful avoidance of fellow patients, invisible suffering), and gradual acceptance and relative optimism (adapting to change and accepting limitations, taking a positive spin, cautious hoping, empowering relationships, valuing medical support).

Conclusion.

SSc is a rare and unpredictable illness that undermines patients’ sense of certainty and control and impairs their self-image, identity, and daily functioning. Patient-centered care that encompasses strategies to promote self-esteem, resilience, and self-efficacy may help to improve treatment satisfaction and health and quality of life outcomes for patients with SSc.
The Frequency of Scleroderma Renal Crisis over Time: A Metaanalysis
Authors: Turk Matthew , Pope Janet E.
Published: May 2016

Objective.

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) leads to a high mortality from internal organ involvement. Scleroderma renal crisis (SRC) usually occurs in the diffuse cutaneous SSc (dcSSc) subset early in the disease, often with acute severe hypertension and renal failure. Prevalence of SRC since its classification in the early 1970s was determined in publications to assess whether the prevalence of SRC has changed over time because the proportion with the dcSSc subset is smaller in contemporary cohorts.

Methods.

A review of the literature was conducted up to May 2015 using the PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library databases. Articles were included if they mentioned the prevalence of SRC and were cohort or cross-sectional studies with 50 or more patients with SSc. Articles were excluded if they were not in English or were a case series of SRC or case-control studies.

Results.

Of the 5317 citations identified, 22 qualified. Years of publication were from 1983 to 2011, and cohort size varied from 68 to 8554 patients with SSc totaling 21,908 patients (9248 with dcSSc, 42%). There was no statistical reduction in the temporal prevalence of SRC noticed in the overall patients (4%), patients with dcSSc (7%–9%), or patients with limited cutaneous SSc (lcSSc; 0.5%–0.6%) based on either the start date of the cohort or publication date.

Conclusion.

It appears that SRC remains uncommon in lcSSc and the rate in the dcSSc group may be stable over time. However, increasing awareness of SRC could lead to higher rates in more recent years and/or better survival from SRC, but this was not observed.
Time Trends, Predictors, and Outcome of Emergency Department Use for Gout: A Nationwide US Study
Authors: Singh Jasvinder A. , Yu Shaohua
Published: May 2016

Objective.

To assess gout-related emergency department (ED) use/charges and discharge disposition.

Methods.

We used the US National ED Sample (NEDS) data to examine the time trends in total ED visits and charges and ED-related hospitalizations with gout as the primary diagnosis. We assessed multivariable-adjusted predictors of ED charges and hospitalization for gout-related visits using the 2012 NEDS data.

Results.

There were 180,789, 201,044, and 205,152 ED visits in 2009, 2010, and 2012 with gout as the primary diagnosis, with total ED charges of $195 million, $239 million, and $287 million, respectively; these accounted for 0.14%–0.16% of all ED visits. Mean/median 2012 ED charges/visit were $1398/$956. Of all gout-related ED visits, 7.7% were admitted to the hospital in 2012. Mean/median length of hospital stay was 3.9/2.6 days and mean/median inpatient charge/admission with gout as the primary diagnosis was $22,066/$15,912 in 2012. In multivariable-adjusted analyses, these factors were associated with higher ED charges: older age, female sex, highest income quartile, being uninsured, metropolitan residence, Western United States hospital location, heart disease, renal failure, heart failure, hypertension (HTN), diabetes, osteoarthritis (OA), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). These factors were associated with higher odds of hospitalization: older age, Northeast location, metropolitan teaching hospital, higher income quartile, heart disease, renal failure, heart failure, hyperlipidemia, HTN, diabetes, COPD, and OA, whereas self-pay insurance status was associated with lower odds of hospitalization, following an ED visit for gout.

Conclusion.

Absolute ED use and charges for gout increased over time, but relative use remained stable. Modifiable comorbidity factors associated with higher gout-related use should be targeted to reduce morbidity and healthcare use.
Analysis of Systemic Sclerosis-associated Genes in a Turkish Population
Authors: Carmona F. David , Onat Ahmet Mesut , Fernández-Aranguren Tamara , Serrano-Fernández Alberto , Robledo Gema , Direskeneli Haner , Sawalha Amr H. , Yavuz Sule , Martín Javier
Published: May 2016

Objective.

To evaluate the genetic background of systemic sclerosis (SSc) in the Turkish population.

Methods.

There were 354 cases and 718 unaffected controls from Turkey genotyped for the most relevant SSc genetic markers (IRF5-rs10488631,STAT4-rs3821236,CD247-rs2056626,DNASE1L3-rs35677470,IL12A-rs77583790, andATG5-rs9373839). Association tests were conducted to identify possible associations.

Results.

Except forATG5, all the analyzed genes showed either significant associations (IRF5: p = 1.32E–05, OR 1.76;CD247: p = 2.20E–03, OR 0.75) or trends of association (STAT4: p = 0.066, OR 1.21;IL12A: p = 0.079, OR 4.07;DNASE1L3: p = 0.097, OR 1.41) with the overall disease or with specific phenotypes.

Conclusion.

The genetic component of SSc seems to be similar between Turks and Europeans.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae UFMG A-905 treatment reduces intestinal damage in a murine model of irinotecan-induced mucositis
Authors: Bastos R.W. , Pedroso S.H.S.P. , Vieira A.T. , Moreira L.M.C. , França C.S. , Cartelle C.T. , Arantes R.M.E. , Generoso S.V. , Cardoso V.N. , Neves M.J. , Nicoli J.R. , Martins F.S.
Published: May 2016

Indigenous microbiota plays a crucial role in the development of several intestinal diseases, including mucositis. Gastrointestinal mucositis is a major and serious side effect of cancer therapy, and there is no effective therapy for this clinical condition. However, some probiotics have been shown to attenuate such conditions. To evaluate the effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae UFMG A-905 (Sc-905), a potential probiotic yeast, we investigated whether pre- or post-treatment with viable or inactivated Sc-905 could prevent weight loss and intestinal lesions, and maintain integrity of the mucosal barrier in a mucositis model induced by irinotecan in mice. Only post-treatment with viable Sc-905 was able to protect mice against the damage caused by chemotherapy, reducing the weight loss, increase of intestinal permeability and jejunal lesions (villous shortening). Besides, this treatment reduced oxidative stress, prevented the decrease of goblet cells and stimulated the replication of cells in the intestinal crypts of mice with experimental mucositis. In conclusion, Sc-905 protects animals against irinotecan-induced mucositis when administered as a post-treatment with viable cells, and this effect seems to be related with the reduction of oxidative stress and preservation of intestinal mucosa.
Use of an Irrigation Pump System in Arthroscopic Procedures
Authors: Hsiao Mark S. , Kusnezov Nicholas , Sieg Ryan N. , Owens Brett D. , Herzog Joshua P.
Published: May 2016

Since its inception, arthroscopic surgery has become widely adopted among orthopedic surgeons. It is therefore important to have an understanding of the basic principles of arthroscopy. Compared with open techniques, arthroscopic procedures are associated with smaller incisions, less structural damage, improved intra-articular visualization, less pain in the immediate postoperative period, and faster recovery for patients. Pump systems used for arthroscopic surgery have evolved over the years to provide improved intraoperative visualization. Gravity flow systems were described first and are still commonly used today. More recently, automated pump systems with pressure or dual pressure and volume control have been developed. The advantages of automated irrigation systems over gravity irrigation include a more consistent flow, a greater degree of joint distention, improved visualization especially with motorized instrumentation, decreased need for tourniquet use, a tamponade effect on bleeding, and decreased operative time. Disadvantages include the need for additional equipment with increased cost and maintenance, the initial learning curve for the surgical team, and increased risk of extra-articular fluid dissection and associated complications such as compartment syndrome. As image quality and pump systems improve, so does the list of indications including diagnostic and treatment modalities to address intra-articular pathology of the knee, shoulder, hip, wrist, elbow, and ankle joints. This article reviews the current literature and presents the history of arthroscopy, basic science of pressure and flow, types of irrigation pumps and their functions, settings, applications, and complications. [
Orthopedics.
2016; 39(3):e474–e478.]
Arthroscopic-Assisted Fixation of Tibial Plateau Fractures: Patient-Reported Postoperative Activity Levels
Authors: Kampa John , Dunlay Ryan , Sikka Robby , Swiontkowski Marc
Published: May 2016

Tibial plateau fractures may result in significant limitations postoperatively. Studies have described outcomes of arthroscopic-assisted percutaneous fixation (AAPF) of these injuries but have rarely reported postoperative activity levels. Between 2009 and 2013, patients who sustained a lateral split, split depression, or pure depression type tibial plateau fracture (Schatzker types I–III fractures) and underwent outpatient AAPF were eligible for the study. Outcomes were assessed using Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) Subjective Knee Evaluation Form, Lysholm score, and Marx activity score. Twenty-five consecutive patients were eligible for the study, and 22 (88%) were included in the final analysis, with average follow-up of 2.5 years (range, 1–5.2 years). Thirteen women and 9 men with an average age of 48.3 years (range, 23–65 years) comprised the study population. Average number of screws used for fixation was 2 (range, 1–4). The average depression was 8 mm preoperatively and 0.9 mm (range, 0–3 mm) postoperatively. Four patients (18%) had complications: 2 with hardware removal and 2 with postoperative deep venous thrombosis. Average postoperative Marx activity score was 5.7. Average postoperative KOOS Symptoms, Sports, and Quality of Life scores were 88 (range, 68–100), 85 (range, 45–100), and 77 (range, 50–100), respectively. Average IKDC and Lysholm scores were 81 (range, 55–97) and 87 (range, 54–100), respectively. The AAPF surgical technique, which was performed in an outpatient setting, facilitated excellent postoperative range of motion, outcomes, and activity scores with minimal complications. [
Orthopedics.
2016; 39(3):e486–e491.]
Biomechanical Assessment of Patellar Advancement Procedures for Patella Alta
Authors: Seidl Adam , Baldini Todd , Krughoff Kevin , Shapiro Joshua A. , Lindeque Bennie , Rhodes Jason , Carollo James
Published: May 2016

Crouch gait deformity is common in children with cerebral palsy and often is associated with patella alta. Patellar tendon advancement typically is used to correct patella alta and restore normal knee mechanics. The purpose of this study was to determine the mechanical strength of surgical constructs used for fixation during patellar advancement procedures. This study used a cadaveric model to determine which of 3 surgical techniques is biomechanically optimal for patellar tendon advancement in treating patella alta. Twenty-four human cadaveric knees (8 per group) were prepared using 1 of 3 different common surgical techniques: tibial tubercle osteotomy, patellar tendon partial resection and repair at the distal patella, and patellar tendon imbrication. The patella was loaded from 25 to 250 N at 1 Hz for 1000 cycles. A significant difference in patella displacement under cyclical loading was found between surgical techniques. Tibial tubercle osteotomy exhibited significantly less displacement under cyclical loading than distal patella excision and repair (
P
<.0001) or imbrication (
P
=.0088). Imbrication exhibited significantly less displacement than distal patella excision and repair (
P
=.0006). Tibial tubercle osteotomy survived longest. Based on failure criteria of 5 mm of displacement, tibial tubercle osteotomy lasted between 250 and 500 cycles. The other 2 techniques failed by 25 cycles. This study offers quantitative evidence regarding the relative mechanical strength of each construct and may influence choice of surgical technique. [
Orthopedics.
2016; 39(3):e492–e497.]
Discoid Meniscus Associated With Achondroplasia
Authors: Hoernschemeyer Daniel G. , Atanda Alfred , Dean-Davis Ellen , Gupta Sumit K.
Published: May 2016

Achondroplasia is the most common skeletal dysplasia. This form of dwarfism is caused by a point mutation in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) gene, leading to inhibition of endochondral ossification for these patients. This results in a normal trunk height but shortened limbs. The discoid meniscus may be an important associated finding to better understand the common complaints of leg pain for these patients. Although the incidence for a discoid meniscus is between 3% and 5% for the general population, it is unknown with achondroplasia. This case series includes 4 patients, with ages ranging from adolescence to early adulthood, with symptoms of knee pain that were not attributable to some of the more common findings seen in this patient population. Typically, patients with achondroplasia who experience knee pain are evaluated for more common and well-known etiologies such as genu varum, ligamentous instability, and neurogenic claudication. However, the authors propose that symptomatic discoid lateral meniscus should be added to the differential diagnosis for lower-extremity pain in the achondroplasia population. A thorough history and physical examination, in combination with magnetic resonance imaging, can aid in making the diagnosis. Treatment with arthroscopic debridement, saucerization of the meniscus, and repair for unstable injuries has yielded good outcomes for this patient population. [
Orthopedics.
2016; 39(3):e498–e503.]
Biomechanical Analysis of Pedicle Screw Fixation for Thoracolumbar Burst Fractures
Authors: McDonnell Matthew , Shah Kalpit N. , Paller David J. , Thakur Nikhil A. , Koruprolu Sarath , Palumbo Mark A. , Daniels Alan H.
Published: May 2016

Treatment of unstable thoracolumbar burst fractures remains controversial. Long-segment pedicle screw constructs may be stiffer and impart greater forces on adjacent segments compared with short-segment constructs, which may affect clinical performance and long-term out come. The purpose of this study was to biomechanically evaluate long-segment posterior pedicle screw fixation (LSPF) vs short-segment posterior pedicle screw fixation (SSPF) for unstable burst fractures. Six unembalmed human thoracolumbar spine specimens (T10-L4) were used. Following intact testing, a simulated L1 burst fracture was created and sequentially stabilized using 5.5-mm titanium polyaxial pedicle screws and rods for 4 different constructs: SSPF (1 level above and below), SSPF+L1 (pedicle screw at fractured level), LSPF (2 levels above and below), and LSPF+L1 (pedicle screw at fractured level). Each fixation construct was tested in flexion-extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation; range of motion was also recorded. Two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was performed to identify differences between treatment groups and functional noninstrumented spine. Short-segment posterior pedicle screw fixation did not achieve stability seen in an intact spine (
P
<.01), whereas LSPF constructs were significantly stiffer than SSPF constructs and demonstrated more stiffness than an intact spine (
P
<.01). Pedicle screws at the fracture level did not improve either SSPF or LSPF construct stability (
P
>.1). Long-segment posterior pedicle screw fixation constructs were not associated with increased adjacent segment motion. Al though the sample size of 6 specimens was small, this study may help guide clinical decisions regarding burst fracture stabilization. [
Orthopedics.
2016; 39(3):e514–e518.]
Helping War Veterans with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Incarcerated Individuals' Role in Therapeutic Animal Programs
Authors: Furst Gennifer
Published: May 2016

A grassroots movement of nonprofit, nongovernmental organizations is creating programs in which incarcerated individuals train rescued shelter dogs as therapeutic canines for Veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Driven in part by reports of Veterans not receiving adequate treatment for PTSD, the programs are the latest iteration of prison-based animal programs and are founded on the principles of animal therapy and healing powers of animals. The far-reaching and deleterious collateral consequences of PTSD create social and economic burdens on the country; providing beneficial interventions for Veterans is a pressing social problem. Without oversight, a patchwork of agencies has developed that provides Veterans with dogs with varying levels of training and differing abilities. To best serve the needs of Veterans, the programs need regulation and standardized methods of training. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services,54(5), 49–57.]
Factors Related to Successful Transition to Practice for Acute Care Nurse Practitioners
Authors: Dillon Deborah L. , Dolansky Mary A. , Casey Kathy , Kelley Carol
Published: May 2016

The transition from student to acute care nurse practitioner (ACNP) has been recognized as a time of stress. The purpose of this descriptive, correlational-comparative design pilot study was to examine: (1) the relationships among personal resources, community resources, successful transition, and job retention; (2) the difference between ACNPs with 0 to 4 years and ACNPs with more than 4 years of prior experience as a registered nurse in an intensive care unit or emergency department; and (3) the skills/procedures that ACNPs found difficult to perform independently. Thirty-four participants were recruited from a social media site for nurse practitioners. Organizational support, communication, and leadership were the most important elements of successful transition into the ACNP role. This information can help ACNP faculty and hospital orientation/fellowship program educators to help ACNPs transition into their first position after graduation.
Magnitude conversion relations for very short distances: The Charlevoix, Quebec, Seismic Zone
Authors: Bent A L , Vadnais F
Published: May 2016

The Nuttli (MN) scale is the most commonly used magnitude scale in eastern Canada. It is based on the amplitude of the Lg phase and therefore is not appropriate for distances of less than 50 km where the Lg phase is not developed. The original Richter, ML, scale
developed for use in California and known to be inappropriate for eastern North America, is used only when the Lg phase is non-existent or highly attenuated, generally for earthquakes recorded at distances of less than 50 km or earthquakes occurring in oceanic crust. In the Charlevoix, Quebec,
Seismic Zone the station density is such that it is possible to routinely locate earthquakes of magnitude 1.0 or smaller. Magnitudes for these smallest earthquakes are usually ML. For many slightly larger earthquakes, the MN values are based on readings at a single station, most often DAQ, as the
earthquakes are usually not well-recorded at greater distances. Establishing a magnitude relation between MN calculated at appropriate distances and MN or ML calculated at close distances would enable more magnitude readings to be used for the small earthquakes and a magnitude recurrence relation to
be established over a wider magnitude range. Using data from earthquakes occurring within the Charlevoix Seismic Zone for which MN was reported as the preferred magnitude we calculated ML and MN from stations at less than 50 km from the epicenter and compared them to the published or event
magnitudes. ML underestimates the magnitude by about 1 magnitude unit whereas the MN (close) values were only about 0.2 units smaller than the presumed magnitude. These results suggest that MN would be a better measure of the earthquake size even when calculated out of range and not from an Lg wave.
We also evaluated the effect of using hypocentral distance instead of epicentral distance for earthquakes at less than 50 km but found that the difference was not significant in most cases. An evaluation of DAQ single station versus multi-station magnitudes suggests that DAQ station MN magnitudes
may overestimate the size of the earthquake by about 0.2 magnitude units.
Fluorescent Cell Imaging in Regenerative Medicine
Authors: Sapoznik Etai , Niu Guoguang , Zhou Yu , Murphy Sean V. , Soker Shay
Published: May 2016

Fluorescent protein imaging, a promising tool in biological research, incorporates numerous applications that can be of specific use in the field of regenerative medicine. To enhance tissue regeneration efforts, scientists have been developing new ways to monitor tissue development and maturation in vitro and in vivo. To that end, new imaging tools and novel fluorescent proteins have been developed for the purpose of performing deep-tissue high-resolution imaging. These new methods, such as intravital microscopy and Förster resonance energy transfer, are providing new insights into cellular behavior, including cell migration, morphology, and phenotypic changes in a dynamic environment. Such applications, combined with multimodal imaging, significantly expand the utility of fluorescent protein imaging in research and clinical applications of regenerative medicine.
Shaping the Conversation: A Secondary Analysis of Reproductive Decision-Making among Black Mothers with HIV
Authors: Amutah Ndidiamaka N. , Gifuni Jacqueline , Wesley Yvonne
Published: May 2016

The purpose of this qualitative secondary data analysis is to examine the major influencers on mothers with HIV in their childbearing decisions, as well as how those influencers shape conversations with clinicians and health-care providers regarding HIV treatment and prevention. The original study gained insight into the reproductive decision-making of mothers with HIV. By analyzing a subsample of 15 interviews from an original cohort of 25 participants in the earlier study, three major themes were identified as follows: (1) family members, not health-care providers, influence reproductive decisions; (2) negative attitudes toward subsequent pregnancies are mainly due to HIV transmission; and (3) birth control decisions were predominately supported by family members, while health-care providers were not consulted.
Exogenous Testosterone, Aging, and Changes in Behavioral Response of Gonadally Intact Male Mice
Authors: Onaolapo Olakunle J. , Onaolapo Adejoke Y. , Omololu Tope A. , Oludimu Adedunke T. , Segun-Busari Toluwalase , Omoleke Taofeeq
Published: May 2016

This study tested the hypothesis that aging significantly affects the influence of exogenous testosterone on neurobehavior in gonadally intact male mice. Groups of prepubertal and aged male mice received daily vehicle or testosterone propionate (TP; 2.5 or 5.0 mg/kg intraperitoneal [i.p.]) for 21 days. Behaviors were assessed on days 1 and 21. Weight gain was significant in prepubertal mice. Locomotion and rearing increased in prepubertal mice after first dose and decreased after last dose of TP. Rearing was suppressed in aged mice throughout. Suppression of grooming occurred in both age groups at day 21. Significant increase in working memory in both age groups was seen in the radial-arm maze (at specific doses) and in prepubertal mice in the Y-maze. Elevated plus maze test showed mixed anxiolytic/anxiogenic effects. Aged mice had higher serum testosterone. In conclusion, age is an important determinant for the influence of exogenous testosterone on behavior in gonadally intact male mice.
Resident and Faculty Perceptions of Program Strengths and Opportunities for Improvement: Comparison of Site Visit Reports and ACGME Resident Survey Data in 5 Surgical Specialties
Authors: Caniano Donna A. , Yamazaki Kenji , Yaghmour Nicholas , Philibert Ingrid , Hamstra Stanley J.
Published: May 2016

Resident and faculty views of program strengths and opportunities for improvement (OFIs) offer insight into how stakeholders assess key elements of the learning environment.Background

 This study sought (1) to assess the degree to which residents and faculty in 359 programs in 5 surgical specialties (obstetrics and gynecology, orthopaedic surgery, otolaryngology, plastic surgery, and surgery) were aligned or divergent in their respective views of program strengths and OFIs; and (2) to evaluate whether responses to selected questions on the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Resident Survey correlated with strengths or OFIs identified by the residents during the site visit.Objective

 Faculty and resident lists of program strengths and OFIs in site visit reports for 2012 and 2013 were aggregated, analyzed, and compared to responses on the Resident Survey.Methods

 While there was considerable alignment in resident and faculty perceptions of program strengths and OFIs, some attributes were more important to one or the other group. Collegiality was valued highly by both stakeholder groups. Responses to 2 questions on the ACGME Resident Survey were associated with resident-identified OFIs in site visit reports pertaining to aspects of the didactic program and responsiveness to resident suggestions for improvement.Results

 The findings offer program leadership additional insight into how 2 key stakeholder groups view elements of the learning environment as program strengths or OFIs and may serve as useful focal areas for ongoing improvement activities.Conclusions
Automatic monitoring of weather and climate in mountain areas. The case of Peñalara Meteorological Network (RMPNP)
Authors: Durán Luis , Rodríguez-Muñoz Irene
Published: May 2016

Abstract. Mountains have a very peculiar climate, are an essential factor in the climate system and are excellent areas for monitoring weather and climate. Nevertheless there is still a lack of long term observations at these areas, mainly due to their harsh conditions for instruments and humans. This work describes the results obtained in the design, installation and operation during more than a decade of a mountain meteorological network located in Sierra de Guadarrama (Iberian Central System, Spain). This work includes information about the measuring strategy, objectives and performance of the network with some technical and operational conlussions that might be useful for the mountain meteorology observation community. Discussions about the representativeness of the data are shown. These are important for future users of this data base. Also some basic statistics of the available data is shown as a framework for further and deeper analysis. Finally some recommendations are made about mountain meteorology observation which could be taken into account for future improvements of this network or for other mountain meteorological networks.