bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
P‐155L: Late‐News Poster: Low Temperature Activation of In‐Ga‐Zn‐O Thin Film Transistor using High Pressure Annealing
Authors: Kim Won‐Gi , Tak Young Jun , Jung Tae Soo , Park Sung Pyo , Lee Heesoo , Park Jeong Woo , Kim Hyun Jae
Published: July 2015

We investigated the effects of high‐pressure annealing as a source of activation energy to form the amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide (a‐IGZO) channel layer at 100°C. Thermal activation under oxygen pressure was used to facilitate the formation of channel layer as well as to improve positive bias stress stability.
P‐30: A Study on Viewing Zone of Curved Barrier‐type Auto‐stereoscopic Display
Authors: Lin Wei‐Chieh , Cheng Yun‐Ting , Huang Kuo‐Chung , Lin Hoang Yan
Published: July 2015

Based on previous studies on the viewing zone and design results of planar barrier‐type autostereoscopic displays, this study introduces a display curvature to rederive the designed eye position and viewing zone for flexible displays. To maintain the same viewing quality, we suggest to design ZDEP = 2L for maximized viewing zone, and R ≥ ⅔ ZDEP to avoid forward shifts of the designed eye position.
P‐31: Will Curved Displays Become Mainstream in Electronics? Appraisal for Aesthetic and Usability Aspects of Various Curves and Sizes
Authors: Na Nooree , Jeong Kyeong Ah , Ju Sung‐Wook , Choi Kyungah , Suk Hyeon‐Jeong
Published: July 2015

This study investigated the benefits of a curved display compared with a flat display, and discovered the optimal radius of curvature for large‐size curved television based on the subjective judgment on aesthetics and usability. The experimental results showed that the optimal radius of curvature varies depending on the display size and it increases as the size becomes larger. The curvature with a radius equal to 2000 mm is optimal for a 55‐inch television, and the curvature with a radius range between 2000 mm to 3000 mm is appropriate for 65‐inch and 75‐inch televisions.
P‐33: A Comprehensive Evaluation of Visual Fatigue on Viewing Small Autostereoscopic Display
Authors: Wang Danli , Yang Xinpan , Xie Yaohua , Wan Zijian
Published: July 2015

Stereoscopic displays are promising and have many applications in various fields because they can provide amazing visual effects. However, one of the inevitable problems is that they also cause visual fatigue after durative viewing. Recent years, many researches have been proposed on the visual fatigue during stereoscopic viewing. But there are very few researches on the visual fatigue during a continuous viewing process, especially for those combine both subjective and objective evaluation. Besides, with the development and popularization of mobile devices, it is now possible for users to experience stereoscopic effects using mobile devices anytime and anywhere. In this paper, a comprehensive evaluation method is proposed. Subjective scores, Electrocardiograph (ECG) and eye movement of all subjects were collected when they were viewing stereoscopic videos. These data were then used to analyze the change of the visual fatigue during viewing. A mobile device was adopted and a comparative experiment was designed to assess the change of the visual fatigue when viewing 2D and 3D content respectively. Eighteen subjects were employed in the experiment, and the results show that the visual fatigue is generally greater when viewing 3D contents than when viewing similar 2D contents.
P‐104: A Novel Fringe‐Field Switching Mode with High Picture Quality
Authors: Jiang Li‐Mei , Su Zi‐Fang , Liu Ying‐Ming , Guan Xing , Chung Smart
Published: July 2015

In this work, an LCD mode with homogenous alignment and fringe‐field switching electrodes (FFS) is proposed to improve optical performance. Through the numerical analysis of its optical properties, we suggest that the positive FFS mode with various distances of the fringe‐plane switching electrodes could have low color washout and premium picture quality.
P‐37: A 5 Gbps/lane Intra‐Panel Interface for Ultra‐High‐ Definition TFT‐LCD Application
Authors: Kang Yu‐Chi , Chang Li‐Wei , Wu Yung‐Chih , Chen Wei‐Ting , Ho Chia‐Pu , Yang Chih‐Hsiang
Published: July 2015

This paper presents a high speed intra panel interface which applies point to point topology, phase locked loop (PLL) type clock data recovery (CDR) and DC self‐adjusting data encoder. The preliminary measurement result on Altera stratix5 FPGA platform shows that the maximum data rate can be operated up to 5Gbps/lane.
P‐38: A Narrow Gate Driver Circuit with a‐Si TFTs for 8″ WQXGA TFT‐LCD Panel
Authors: Tu Chun‐Da , Chen Yung‐Chih , Huang Cheng‐Han , Hong Kai‐Wei , Chang Hsiang‐Sheng , Kuo Chung‐Hong
Published: July 2015

An 8 inch WQXGA TFT‐LCD prototype with bi‐directional integrated gate driver circuit by using a‐Si:H TFTs which can stabilize the floating of gate line has been fabricated. The border size of the proposed gate driver circuit is below 1 mm. High temperature operation (HTO) within 300 hours without failure shows the useful stabilization of the proposed panel.
P‐107: Investigation on the Flexoelectric Effect of LC in the Localized Area of FFS Pixel Structure
Authors: Huang Kun‐Tsai , Hung Yu‐Wen , Fang Ri‐Xen , Chao Yuan‐Te , Lee Tina , Lee Conrad , Lin Sung‐Chin , Kuo Chris , Jen Ting‐Shian
Published: July 2015

Due to the pixel size consideration, the finger design of FFS mode LCD pixel may different in the local area. In this paper, we discuss the flicker phenomenon and flexoelectric effect of LC in localized area of FFS mode Pixel.
P‐40: Development and Evaluation: Image Processing Algorithms for Reducing Image Sticking
Authors: Chang Chia‐Chun , Huang Jian‐Fa , Chang Chin‐Hsiang , Hsu Che‐Ming , Lin Hong‐Shen , Chang Lee‐Hsun , Lin Yusin
Published: July 2015

The life engine managing algorithms is introduced in this paper. Algorithms are to reduce image sticking in multi‐way. The simulation method for reproducing image sticking and the benchmark method of ranking the efficiency between algorithms were also developed. According to the simulation, image orbit dominate the strength to curing image sticking in algorithms.
P‐41: New a‐IGZO TFT Gate Driver Circuit with Threshold Voltage Shift Recovery Driving Scheme
Authors: Lin Chih‐Lung , Wu Chia‐En , Lee Ching‐En
Published: July 2015

An amorphous indium‐gallium‐zinc oxide thin‐film transistor (a‐IGZO TFT) integrated gate driver with 33% ac driving structure and a new driving scheme for recovering the negative threshold voltage shift (VTH) is presented. The proposed circuit reduces the power consumption by fully turning off driving TFTs and lowers the gate‐bias stress to prevent severe degradations of TFTs. Furthermore, the negative VTH shift of driving TFT is diminished by applying positive gate‐bias stress. Simulation results illustrate that the proposed gate driver can be successfully operated with depletion‐mode a‐IGZO TFTs and the power consumption is estimated as 274.56 µW under the specification of 5.46‐inch FHD panel.
P‐46: Row‐Division Driving Scheme for Active Matrix OLED Displays
Authors: Leng Chuanli , He Xin , Lam Hing‐Mo , Meng Xue , Wang Cuicui , Wu Yuan‐chun , Ko Kai‐Yuan , Zhang Shengdong
Published: July 2015

A novel row‐division (RD) driving scheme together with a new AMOLED pixel circuit are proposed. The RD method can effectively increases the OLED emission time compared with the simultaneous emission method while retaining the prevalent simple pixel structure. In addition, the proposed pixel circuit, can not only effectively compensate for the threshold‐voltage shift of the driving TFT and OLED, but also make OLED bias under negative stress in the non‐emitting period to achieve an extended life expectancy.
P‐48: A Simple Low Temperature Workable a‐Si:H TFT Integrated Gate Driver on Array
Authors: Liao Congwei , Hu Zhijin , Li Junmei , Li Wenjie , Cao Shijie , Zhang Shengdong
Published: July 2015

A simple a‐Si TFT integrated gate driver on array which can work at low temperature is proposed and studied. The circuit features a capacitor coupling gate bias at the TFT for suppressing feed‐through effect. The bias allows the circuit output a well‐formed waveform even at low temperature.
P‐49: The Sequential Vcom Swing Circuit for Contrast Improvement
Authors: Kim KyuJin , Sang WooKyu , Choi JoungMi , Yoo OokSang , Cho YoungSung , Jang HyungUk , Lee Jin‐Sang , Lee Ju‐Young , Jun Myung‐Chul , Kang InByeong , Yeo Sang‐Deog
Published: July 2015

Vcom Swing Technology is method for reducing the power consumption by lower operating voltage. We introduce a solution to reduce the light leakage in black pattern that occurs when operating the Vcom Swing technology. It can minimize the reduction in the aperture ratio through sequential driving and the new PXL structure. We fabricated 17inch qHD resolution panel in R&D line. Its contrast and transmittance was confirmed that the same performance from the 32inch HD production.
P‐170L: Late‐News Poster: Viewing Angle Enhancement Technology with the Polymer Stabilized In‐Plane Switching Mode Liquid Crystal Display
Authors: Lee Tae Rim , Baek Ji Ho , Choi Woo Yong , Jun Mike , Kim Jeom Jae , Kim Myoung Kyu
Published: July 2015

The polymer stabilized effect of the in‐plane switching(IPS) liquid crystal(LC) mode has been investigated. The polymer stabilized IPS LC mode exhibits low pretilt angle properties caused by additional new layer formation between bulk LC and alignment layer. Theoretically, low pretilt angle formation in the IPS LC mode is very helpful to improve viewing angle property in black state. but, until know, it is almost impossible to realize low pretilt angle IPS LC mode with usual rubbing process. With this low pretilt angle effect, the polymer stabilized IPS technology was confirmed to have good viewing angle properties in black state.
P‐51: A Compact a‐IGZO TFT‐Based Digital‐to‐Analog Converter for Flexible Displays
Authors: Li Xiuling , Geng Di , Mativenga Mallory , Jang Jin
Published: July 2015

We report the design and fabrication of an amorphous‐indiumgallium‐zinc‐oxide (a‐IGZO) thin‐film transistor (TFT)‐based 4‐bit digital‐to‐analog converter (DAC) for flexible displays. The DAC consisting 2 capacitors and 10 TFTs is 130 µm in width, compact enough to be fitted in one column of data drivers. The DAC shows good linearity under mechanical bending radius of 2 mm, making it applicable to flexible active‐matrix displays.
P‐52: High‐Gain Source Followers Driven by Corbino Oxide TFTs for Integrated Display Data Drivers
Authors: Um Jae Gwang , Geng Di , Mativenga Mallory , Mruthyunjaya Ravi K. , Heiler Gregory N. , Tredwell Timothy J. , Jang Jin
Published: July 2015

A high‐gain source follower, utilizing oxide TFTs with a Corbino (circular) structure, is reported. Given the infinite output resistance exhibited by Corbino TFTs in the outer‐drain condition (i.e., when the outer electrode is biased as the drain), the Corbino TFT‐based source follower provides higher gain in operation than its rectangular TFT‐based counterparts.
P‐185L: Late‐News Poster: A Novel Rendering Algorithm with Adaptive Weighting Factors
Authors: Su Shang‐Yu , Cheng Sheng‐Wen , Lin Hui‐Feng , Chuke Hui , Chu Yu‐Chin , Huang Shin‐Ting , Dong Ren‐Lang , Lo Chih‐Yueh
Published: July 2015

Subpixel rendering (SPR) technology is a method for improving visual resolution includes sub‐pixel arrangement and rendering algorithm. In this paper, we present a novel rendering algorithm to improve image sharpness. The algorithm dynamically references the adjacent image data including saturation (S) and luminance (V). Then the sequence for rendering the image data is calculated by S, V and pre‐determined weighting factors P. Meanwhile, the weighting factors for most sub‐pixel arrangements are optimized by minimizing the root mean square error (RMSE) from the original image data. The algorithm is finally exemplified on a 8" 424 ppi LCD display. It shows that the proposed method reduces both the color fringing artifact and blurring in sub‐pixelrendered images and keeps the same resolution perception in comparison with conventional RGB stripe.
P‐110: Negative Dispersion of Birefringence in Smectic Liquid Crystal‐Polymer Composite
Authors: Yang Seungbin , Lee Hyojin , Lee Ji‐Hoon
Published: July 2015

In this paper, we reported a new type negative dispersion (ND) retarder using a self‐organization of smectic liquid crystal (LC) and polymer composite. A smectic LC absorbing a short wavelength (λ) of ultra‐violet (UV) light was mixed with reactive monomers absorbing a long λ of UV light. The constituent molecules have intrinsically positive dispersion (PD) property. The mixtures were self‐organized forming a two‐dimensional structure where the reactive monomers were located in the inter‐layer space of the smectic LC. The composite showed a gradual transition from PD to ND of birefringence (Δn) with increasing the monomer concentration.
P‐55: Process Development of Integrated Vcom and PAS using Wet Etching Bias Control for High Resolution UHD AH‐IPS TFT‐LCD
Authors: Kwack Heeyoung , Kim Eungyong , Park Chulho , Nam Myungwoo , Yu Sangjeon , Park Jongwook , Shin Sangmun
Published: July 2015

We introduce new structure to reduce number of Masks in the TFT‐LCD manufacturing process. When Vcom is etched by passivation pattern, etching bias is made under the passivation. We controlled bias size by changing the substrate material under Vcom. So, we could make two patterns using only one Mask.
P‐66: Crystallized Thin Film using the Carbon Nanotube Electron Beam (C‐Beam ) for High Performance Thin Film Transistor
Authors: Lee Ha Rim , Lee Su Woong , Kang Jung Su , Hong Ji Hwan , Shikili Callixte , Park Kyu Chang
Published: July 2015

Carbon nanotube (CNT) emitters grown by RAP process is used for the source of electron to crystallize an amorphous silicon thin films with novel exposure technique. In this study, we developed carbon nanotube electron beam (C‐beam) exposure technique and the C‐beam crystallized silicon thin films. As a source of electron, the CNT emitters are placed at cathode. Through the gate mesh electrons generated and high accelerated electrons impact thin film at the anode plate in triode system. We confirm the high crystallinity of silicon thin films through Raman spectroscopy. The grain size distribution of silicon thin films is about ~10 nm as a result from SEM measurement. We expect that this film will be a good replacement as a new active layer of next generation thin film transistors (TFTs).
P‐159L: Late‐News Poster: Tungsten Oxide Buffer Layer on Silver Nanowires for Electrically Stable, Flexible, Transparent Hybrid Electrodes using Solution Process
Authors: Jung Sun-Gyu , Lee Hyun Jun , Hwang Ju Hyun , Shim Yong Sub , Kim Kyu Nyun , Park Cheol Hwee , Park Young Wook , Ju Byeong Kwon
Published: July 2015

The hybrid AgNW/WO3 transparent electrode shows strong mechanical and chemical stability for flexible transparent electrode. This hybrid electrodes can be used effectively in next generation flexible electrical devices. Also, all process to make electrodes are simple solution process that can reduce cost of fabrication.
P‐68: An Efficient Simulation Algorithm for Analysis of Moiré Patterns in Display Systems
Authors: Lee Taek‐Sung , Kim Won Mok , Byun Seok‐Joo , Lee Jangkyo , Byun Seok Yong
Published: July 2015

In this paper, we propose a precise and fast computational method for the simulation and analysis of moire patterns including a complex, large scale of films and a reflecting surface under illumination of an external ambient light source. This algorithm is based on convolution with superposition of the intensity profile which is transmitted from the optical layers and the point spread function. The computation time is shown to be much faster than that of the conventional ray‐tracing algorithm. It was also considered of an optically equivalent system with no reflection surface layer in order to handle a non‐sequential system containing a reflecting surface.
P‐160L: Late‐News Poster: Viewing Angle Analysis of Integral Imaging Display
Authors: Dalkhaa Nomin‐Erdene , Oldokh Tsend‐Ayush , Baasantseren Ganbat
Published: July 2015

A new method to determine a viewing angle of the integral imaging display is proposed. The viewing angle is equal to an angle between the farthest edges of collecting rays on integrated point. This method is useful to determine the viewing angle of other three‐dimensional display.
P‐161L: Late‐News Poster: Evaluation of Image Quality Through the Transparent Display
Authors: Lo Kuo Lung , Tsai Yu Hsiang , Cheng Wei Yuan , Jeng Wei‐De , Mang Ou‐Yang
Published: July 2015

When we saw the object behind the transparent display, the image blur was observed. In this paper, the phenomenon was evaluated by measuring the diffraction width and MTF (modulation transfer function). By optimizing the pixel layout, the diffraction width of object image could be decreased to 54% in X direction and 48% in Y direction, the MTF also showed that the image quality could be improved by modifying the structure of transparent display.
P‐71: A 3D/2D Convertible Integral Imaging Display with High Optical Efficiency
Authors: Deng Huan , Wang Qiong‐Hua , Li Da‐Hai , Luo Cheng‐Gao
Published: July 2015

We propose a method for highopticalefficiency three‐dimensional (3D)/ two‐dimensional (2D) convertible integral imaging display. A reflective polarizer can reflect the polarized light which is orthogonal to the transmission axis of the reflective polarizer and transmit the polarized light which is paralleled to the transmission axis of the reflective polarizer. The reflected light can be recycled because of the depolarization property of the diffuser, sothe optical efficienciesfor both 3D and 2D display modesare enhanced. 3D display mode is realized byadopting a pinhole array on a polarizer to generate point light source array. 3D/2D convertible feature is realized by electrically controlling the polarization switcher. In the experiments, the 3D/2D conversion and the improvement of the optical efficiency are demonstrated.
P‐72: Non‐Unified Elemental Image Array Generation Method for Moiré‐Reduced Integral Imaging System
Authors: Xiong Zhao‐Long , Chen Jun , Deng Huan , Wang Qiong‐Hua
Published: July 2015

In this paper, we propose a method based on selective pixel sampling algorithm to generate non‐unified integral imaging (II) elemental image array (EIA) with reduced moiré patterns at a smaller rendering cost and higher three‐dimensional (3D) resolution. In the proposed method, the redundant 3D information is captured for the non‐unified pixel arrangement of elemental images (EI) and the moire patterns are constrained by the constraint equations. The corresponding EIA's information is sampled from the obtained 3D information selectively. Appropriate experiments are carried out and the results show that the proposed method can increase the resolution of the reconstructed 3D images and reduce rendering cost markedly in the generation of ultra high‐definition (UHD) EIA.
P‐131: Synthesis and Device Application of a Dibenzothiophene Derivative as Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Material for Green Fluorescence OLED
Authors: Kim Ji Han , Hwang Seok Ho , Kim Oh Young , Lee Jun Yeob
Published: July 2015

The dibenzothiophene derivative, 2,8‐bis(9,9‐dimethylacridin‐10(9H)‐yl)dibenzothiophene 5,5‐dioxide, as synthesized as a thermally activated delayed fluorescence material for green fluorescence organic light‐emitting diodes. The dibenzothiophene derivative had a donor‐acceptor structure for thermally activated delayed fluorescent emission and high maximum quantum efficiency of 14.3% was achieved in green devices.
3.3: Single Mirror IMOD Display for Practical Wearable Device
Authors: Chang Tallis , Chan Edward , Hong John , Kim Cheonhong , Ma Jian , Pan Yaoling , Van Lier Rob , Wen Bing , Zhou Lixia , Mulabagal Pavan
Published: July 2015

We present the progress toward realizing commercially viable wearable displays that will enable always‐on operation using Single Mirror IMOD (SMI), a continuously tunable reflective color display technology based on interferometric modulation (IMOD).
39.1: Invited Paper: Printed Inorganic Transistors Based on Transparent Oxides
Authors: Subramanian Vivek , Jang Jaewon , Scheideler William , Swisher Sarah
Published: July 2015

Transparent transistors based on inorganic oxides have received attention in recent years due to their high performance and excellent optical transparency. For large area and flexible display applications, the development of a printing‐based route to realize these devices is particularly interesting due to the potential for realization of a scalable and low‐cost manufacturing process. Here, we review our work on the development of printed transparent oxide transistors based on indium and tin oxides. We discuss the formulation of inks for printing of transparent conductors, semiconductors, and dielectrics, and show how these can be integrated using inkjet and gravure printing to realize high‐performance fully printed transparent oxide transistors.
39.3: Invited Paper: Novel Perspective of Nano‐Material: Exploiting Graphene for Display Application
Authors: Jeong Yongbin , Lee Dong Chin , Kim Hyo-Min , Kim Jeong-Gi , Kang Jiyeon , Cho Sung Hee , Choi Su Seok , Kim Jinook , Kim Chul-Hong , Chae Gee Sung , Jang Jin , Kang In Byeong
Published: July 2015

Graphene nano‐ material was firstly exploited for the possible commercial display applications in terms of transparent electrode layer. The device showed better performance than others ever reported based on newly developed material and processes. We report the device feasibility of transparent electrode in conjunction with the work function modification
4.2: Study of ACF Bonding Technology in Flexible Display Module Packages
Authors: Lai Yen‐Huei , Wang Wan‐Tsang , Tu Chia‐Hsun , Hwu Keh‐Long , Lu Hsueh‐Hsing , Chang Lee‐Hsun , Lin Yu‐Hsin
Published: July 2015

Anisotropic conductive film (ACF) has been used for more than 30 years in flat panel display (FPD) module package. In this paper, the technical trends and development of ACF are described. Among all of them, ACF material design for flexible substrate bonding is critical for the development of flexible display. According to different process flow of flexible AMOLED, flexible substrate bonding technologies can be classified as “PI/Glass” and “Film type” substrate bonding. That is to say the flexible substrate bonding process can be implemented before and after PI substrate separation from the original carrier glass substrate. Based on the current results, soft conductive particles of ACF are developed and chosen in the PI/Glass substrate bonding. For the film type substrate bonding, especially in IC bonding, the design of ACF is very important in avoiding the insufficient conductive particle deformation issue induced by the sink of plastic substrate. Here, we present a feasible and simple flexible substrate bonding technology to package driver IC, FPC or COF for flexible AMOLED application.
48.3: Optical Measurement Method for Transparent LCDs
Authors: Ma Xin‐Li , Zhang Zhi‐Ying , Choi Hyun‐Sic , Im Yun‐Sik
Published: July 2015

Optical measurement methods of transparent LCD have been studied and three new definitions are introduced to quantify the transparent effect of transparent LCD (TLCD). Three types of TLCDs have been measured in this study and the test results agree with experimental observation.
P‐171L: Late‐News Poster: The Control of Optical Properties by Back Cavity Effect in OLEDs with Multi‐cathode Structure
Authors: Mikami Akiyoshi , Doi Shuhei
Published: July 2015

Angular dependence of the emission intensity can be successfully controlled by using back‐cavity effect in a multi‐cathode structure. It is useful for this technique to optimize optical properties, without sacrificing electrical properties. In addition, surface plasmon loss in the cathode is significantly suppressed as a result of optical coupling between waveguide mode and long‐range surface plasmon mode. Approximately 60% of optical power can be utilized as external mode.
49.1: Invited Paper: n‐FFS vs. p‐FFS: Who wins?
Authors: Chen Haiwei , Gao Yating , Wu Shin‐Tson
Published: July 2015

Both negative and positive dielectric anisotropy liquid crystals have been used in fringe field switching (FFS) display devices. We compare the electro‐optic performances of single‐domain p‐FFS with two‐domain n‐FFS from device and material viewpoints. Quantum‐dot backlight enhanced FFS shows vivid colors with negligible color shift, higher transmittance, and better sunlight readability.
P‐175L: Late‐News Poster: High Efficiency Light Extraction from Top‐Emitting Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes Employing Mask‐Free Plasma Etched Stochastic Polymer Surface
Authors: Park Woo‐Young , Kwon Yongwon , Lee Changhee , Whang Ki‐Woong
Published: July 2015

High efficiency light extraction method for top‐emitting organic light‐emitting diodes (TEOLEDs) employing mask‐free plasma etched stochastic polymer surface has been suggested. The increase in light out‐coupling from the TEOLEDs results in efficiency enhancement up to 1.55‐fold relative to that of the conventional devices.
P‐177L: Late‐News Poster: Highly Efficient Inverted OLEDs using A New Transparent Amorphous Oxide Semiconductor
Authors: Kim Junghwan , Watanabe Satoru , Matsuzaki Eiji , Nakamura Nobuhiro , Miyakawa Naomichi , Toda Yoshitake , Kamiya Toshio , Hosono Hideo
Published: July 2015

Highly efficient inverted OLED was fabricated by using a newly developed new transparent amorphous oxide semiconductor (TAOS) for an electron transport layer. This new TAOS has high mobility (˜1cm2/Vs), low work function (˜3.5 eV), sufficient chemical stability and high transparency, and can form Ohmic contact with conventional electrodes (ITO, Al, etc.).
40.2: Efficiency Enhancement in Phosphorescent and Fluorescent OLEDs Utilizing Energy Transfer From Exciplex to Emitter
Authors: Seo Satoshi , Takahashi Tatsuyoshi , Nowatari Hiromi , Hosoumi Shunsuke , Ishisone Takahiro , Watabe Takeyoshi , Mitsumori Satomi , Ohsawa Nobuharu , Yamazaki Shunpei
Published: July 2015

This paper discusses the effectiveness of energy transfer from an exciplex to an emitter in both phosphorescent and fluorescent OLEDs. This energy transfer enhances the efficiency, lowers the drive voltage, and extends the lifetime. The increase in the quantum efficiency of a fluorescent OLED using this mechanism is also analyzed.
50.1: Invited Paper: The Importance of Melanopsin Activation in Perception, Health, and Lighting Design
Authors: Cao Dingcai , Barrionuevo Pablo A.
Published: July 2015

We reviewed the role of melanopsin‐containing intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) in light‐dependent functions, including circadian rhythm that is important for health, pupil responses and visual perception. We then discussed the implications for lighting design. Finally we described a five‐primary photostimulating method that can independently control melanopsin activation in humans.
5.3: Extending the Flicker Visibility Metric to a Range of Mean Luminance
Authors: Watson Andrew B , Ahumada Albert J.
Published: July 2015

We previously proposed a flicker visibility metric for bright displays, based on psychophysical data collected at a high mean luminance. Here we extend the metric to other mean luminances. This extension relies on a linear relation between log sensitivity and critical fusion frequency, and a linear relation between critical fusion frequency and log retinal illuminance. Consistent with our previous metric, the extended flicker visibility metric is measured in just‐noticeable differences (JNDs).
5.4: Sub‐pixel Rendering for a High Resolution OLED Display with Low Resolution Photomasks
Authors: Lin Hui‐Chun , Sun Pei‐Li , Wen Chao‐Hua , Wang Sheng‐Po
Published: July 2015

The aim of this study is to do a psycho‐visual comparison of different kinds of sub‐pixel arrangements for OLED displays using low‐resolution photomasks. The experimental results show that if the resolution of photomasks of OLEDs matches the active matrix, quad RGGB outperforms all others. If the maximum resolution of OLED photomasks can be 2/3 of the active matrix, size‐varied quad RGGB is a good choice. If the resolution of photomasks is only 1/2 to the active matrix, double‐pixel quad RGGB is preferable. Spatial sharpening also can significantly enhance the visual resolution and overall image quality.
6.1: A New Application of a Touch Screen Display for Data Transfer
Authors: Coni Philippe , Perbet Jean‐Noël , Augros Lionel , Abadie Jean Christophe , Sontag Yves
Published: July 2015

Touchscreens are generally used as a human interface means and were designed to transmit solely finger positions to a host computer.

This paper describes a way to transmit data to and from the touchscreen, by mean of a dongle or fingertip in contact with the touchscreen. Simple software modification of touchscreen controller enables a data rate of up to 500 kbit/s.
50.3: Invited Paper: Perceptual Accuracy in the Visualization of Lighting Scenes
Authors: Murdoch Michael J. , Stokkermans Mariska G. M. , Lambooij Marc
Published: July 2015

Complex solid‐state lighting systems demand accurate 3D visualization for design, development, and control. In the creation of visualizations, choices in modeling, light simulation, tonemapping, and display affect perceptual accuracy. A series of experiments has uncovered these effects and led to a robust and honest visualization pipeline for indoor lighting scenes.
P‐142: A Method of Chromatic Aberration Compensation in Holography by using Fourier Transform Principle
Authors: Wang Cui , Wang Di , Wang De‐Hong , Wang Qiong‐Hua
Published: July 2015

In this paper, we propose a method to compensate chromatic aberration by using Fourier transform principle. We adjust the size of the reconstructed images to compensate magnification chromatic aberration according to the similarity principle of Fourier transform, and adjust the center positions of the reconstructed images with the shift principle to solve the coincidence problem of the reconstructed images.
P‐145: Optimization of Molybdenum Oxides for Low‐Reflectance Thin Films using Numerical Simulation
Authors: Köstenbauer Harald , Lorenz Dominik , Winkler Joerg , Theiss Wolfgang
Published: July 2015

Mo‐oxide thin films were investigated for low‐reflectance applications. Numerical simulation was used to optimize the optical properties (reflectance and color) of the thin films. Reflectance could be considerably reduced to values of 6% (@ 550 nm) maintaining a colorless black film.
P‐150L: Late‐News Poster: Exploration of Coating and Alignment Methods for Making High‐Performance Transparent Conductive Films with Silver Nanowire Networks
Authors: Yang Bo‐Ru , Liu Gui‐Shi , Han Song‐Jia , Cao Wu , Chen Hui‐Jiuan , Lu Jiangang , Shieh Han‐Ping D.
Published: July 2015

Silver nanowire (AgNW) is a promising candidate to replace ITO for transparent conductive film applications. We explored the coating methods, and came up with a crossed‐aligned structure to lower the percolation threshold of AgNW conduction. The sheet resistance can thus be lowered to 30% without affecting the optical transmittance (89%).
7.3: Depletion‐Mode Oxide‐TFT Shift Register with Wide Operating Frequency Range for AMOLED Displays
Authors: Han Inhyo , Song Eunji , Kang Byeonguk , Oh Kilhwan , Kim Bumsik , Oh Changho , Ahn Byungchul , Nam Hyoungsik
Published: July 2015

This paper proposed a shift register circuit for GIP (Gate driver In Panel) in active matrix organic light emitting diode displays which enable cost innovation and narrow bezel. The shift register circuit which is made up with depletion mode oxide TFTs is designed to be driven at low operation frequency for power reduction in still image as well as to be driven at high operation frequency for motion picture quality improvement in moving image. However, it is especially difficult to operate at low frequency because oxide TFTs easily have negative Vth and zero gate‐source voltage turns out to be unable to shut down current path. The proposed shift register is integrated in a 15‐inch HD (1366 × 768, 105ppi) AMOLED panel, it is ensured that the shift register have wide operating frequency range from 1Hz to 240 Hz. In Addition, it is verified that the panel operates at high temperature(60°C) during 1,000 hours without any problems.
42.4: How to Perform Viewing Angle Measurements on Curved Displays
Authors: Boher Pierre , Leroux Thierry , Bignon Thibault , Collomb-Patton Véronique , Blanc Pierre
Published: July 2015

The impact of the radius of curvature on the emissive properties of curved displays is investigated. We compute the resulting distortion on viewing angle properties and we compare to experimental results obtained on a curved TV and a BEF film. We show that if the spot size/curvature ratio is below 0.5% the impact is negligible.
23.4L: Late‐News Paper: Stretchable and Flexible Electrophoretic Image Display
Authors: Sawada Tomoaki , Abe Takatoshi , Yoshioka Shingo , Kitamura Takashi , Nakamura Taku , Kobayashi Norihisa
Published: July 2015

The stretchable and flexible electrophoretic image display device using the stretchable polymer film coated with the electrically conductive layer was produced. The stretchable polymer film was composed primarily of epoxy resin and used carbon nanotube for an electrically conductive layer. This stretchable polymer film has the property of an electrical insulation, a high heat‐resistance, a low elasticity and a good elastic recovery.
52.3: Exciton Management in Non‐doped Ultra‐thin Emissive Layers Based Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Tan Te , Ouyang Shihong , Xie Yingtao , Wang Dongping , Zhu Dalong , Xu Xin , Fong Hon Hang
Published: July 2015

Non‐doped ultrathin emissive layer based OLED is demonstrated to be a promising novel structure to stimulate two‐color dual emission through exciton management. By using a ultra‐thin TAPC interlayer as a hole‐trapping layer, exciton redistribution is realized and dual emission are observed without using any doped layers. The mechanism of this trapping interlayer is further discussed.
44.1: Invited Paper: OLED Lighting for General Lighting Applications
Authors: Jang Seongsoo , Lee Yeonkeun , Park MinChoon
Published: July 2015

The efficacy of large area white OLED lighting panel has been reached to 100lm/W in the 3‐stack tandem structure of fluorescent blue and phosphorescent green and red. The device has expected lifetime, LT70 of 40,000hrs at the luminance of 3000cd/m2.

The pixellation method was adapted to eliminate the possibility of abrupt failure of the lighting devices while using in the field. This is an important step to greatly increase the reliability of the OLED lighting devices.
25.1: The Progress in International Safety Standards for Laser Illuminated Projection Systems
Authors: Niven Gregory , Ludé Peter , Daem Jan , Hoffman Heidi
Published: July 2015

International safety standards for lasers are detailed in the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) under the IEC 60825‐1:2014 standard. In May 2014, an update to this standard was released, which provided for products which contain an embedded laser but are designed to function as conventional light sources ‐ such as laserilluminated projector systems (LIP systems)— to be classified under lamp rather than laser standards. In this paper, the tests, conditions and adoption into regulation of the new edition will be presented from the perspective of the Laser Illuminated Projection Association (LIPA).
25.3: A Miniature Laser‐Driven Visible Light Source
Authors: Abu‐Ageel Nayef , Abu‐Ageel Atef
Published: July 2015

Al A compact light source that uses low‐cost commercially available lasers to generate visible light for etendue‐limited applications is presented. The key element is a phosphor‐based optical cavity that converts 405nm/445nm laser light into specklefree red, green, blue or white light at a selected etendue. Theoretical and experimental results are reported.
26.3: High Resolution Laser Etched Circuitry for ACEL Lamps
Authors: Silver Jack , Harris Paul G. , Fern George , Perrie Walter , Jin Yang
Published: July 2015

Laser ablation has been used to etch electrode circuitry onto low cost aluminium‐coated polymer sheets for ACEL lamps. It was possible to etch lines of only 20µm width at high speed using this approach. 2‐electrode, 3‐electrode and interdigitated electrode ACELs have been produced and their performance characterized.
44.2: Invited Paper: Current and Future Projection of Edge‐Lit LED Panel Adoption in Lighting
Authors: Shriver Brett A.
Published: July 2015

Edge‐lit lightguides utilizing high efficiency LEDs are becoming widely adopted within the lighting industry due to their ability to manipulate and efficiently distribute the light from LED light sources in the direction and distribution desired by the lighting engineer
44.3: Display Technologies for LED Lighting, Part I: Optical Components
Authors: Edmonds William F. , Wheatley John , Geisler Karl J.L. , Freier David G. , Brott Robert L.
Published: July 2015

3M Optical Films deliver brightness, energy performance and color enhancement to liquid crystal displays. A key challenge to adapting these technologies to lighting is transforming thin films to three dimensional components. Results highlight new filmbased delivery formats that deliver improved efficiency and light control for both reflective and refractive optics.
44.4: Display Technologies for LED Lighting, Part II: Scalable Optical Architectures Enabled by Modular Film Based Components
Authors: Edmonds William F. , Wheatley John , Geisler Karl J.L. , Freier David G. , Brott Robert L.
Published: July 2015

A novel luminaire architecture based on LCD display light management technologies is described. Results from prototype lighting systems demonstrate directional control capabilities comparable to lensed LED arrays, but with large uniformlyemitting surfaces more typical of traditional Lambertian fixtures are discussed.
45.2: Effects of RF Sputtering Parameters and Film Composition on C‐Axis Aligned Crystalline (CAAC) IGZO Films
Authors: Zhu Bin , Lynch David M. , Chung Chen‐yang , Ast Dieter G. , Greene Raymond G. , Thompson Michael O.
Published: July 2015

The influence of deposition parameters on the properties of RF sputter deposited c‐axis aligned crystalline (CAAC) IGZO was evaluated using both single parameter and design of experiment (DOE) analysis. Deposition temperature and oxygen partial pressure were found to be primary parameters determining CAAC alignment and crystallinity. CAAC is first formed at a deposition temperature of 185°C, reaching optimal surface normal alignment at ∼315°C. Crystallinity and alignment increase rapidly with oxygen fraction up to 10%, then becoming nearly independent up to 50%. The Zn fraction and (Ga+Zn)/In ratio were identified as key parameters correlated to c‐axis texture in the films. Zinc loss during deposition at high temperatures and low oxygen partial pressures correlated with poor CAAC alignment, while (Ga+Zn)/In ratio approaching an ideal 2.0 ratio exhibited improved CAAC crystallinity.
46.1: Invited Paper: Recent Progress of Light‐Emitting Diodes Based on Colloidal Quantum Dots
Authors: Lee Changhee , Park Myeongjin , Lim Jaehoon , Jung Heeyoung , Kwak Jeonghun , Bae Wan Ki , Char Kookheon , Lee Seonghoon
Published: July 2015

We report very efficient red, green, blue, and white light‐emitting diodes based on colloidal quantum dots (QLEDs) using an inverted device architecture. We also review recent research progress of QLEDs and discuss issues for realizing full‐color QLED displays.
46.2: A Novel Laminated Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes with a Multi‐Layered Graphene Top Anode
Authors: Lee Hyunkoo , Lim Jong Tae , Cho Nam Sung , Lim Seong Chu , Kwon Byoung‐Hwa , Cho Hyunsu , Han Jun‐Han , Yu Byoung‐Gon , Lee Jeong‐Ik
Published: July 2015

We report on a novel fabrication method for organic lightemitting diodes (OLEDs) by using a multilayered graphene (MLG) film and a lamination technique. The OLED structure with the MLG top electrode has higher transmittance and lower reflectance than the OLED structure with the conventional thin metal electrode. Moreover, higher luminous current efficiency of the device with the MLG top electrode has been achieved compared with that of the conventional bottom‐emission OLEDs with aluminum metal electrode.
8.1: Invited Paper: Alignment of Quantum Rods
Authors: Hasegawa Masaki , Hirayama Yuki , Dertinger Stephan
Published: July 2015

Electrospinning and a fine‐pitch groove structure are used to align semiconductor quantum rods (QRs). Embedding the QRs in an electrospun polymer nanofiber sheet yields polarized fluorescence emission. The fine‐pitch groove structure results in QRs aligned parallel to the grooves.
65.2: Invited Paper: Bias‐Stress‐Induced Charge Trapping in Flexible Polymer Gate Dielectrics in Organic TFTs
Authors: Kang Boseok , Choi Hyun Ho , Cho Kilwon
Published: July 2015

Recent studies by our group on bias‐stress‐driven electrical instabilities in organic thin‐film transistors (OTFTs) are described. When OTFTs are operated under continuous gate and source/drain biases, the resulting bias stresses can degrade overall device performance. Here, general methods for analyzing such bias instabilities are introduced. Based on these methods, it is demonstrated that the polymer chain ends of polymer gate dielectrics can act as charge trapping sites. Furthermore, a new strategy for analyzing charge traps at the semiconductor‐dielectric interface is introduced.
66.1: Feasibility of 3D‐Cinema with Uncompromised Performance
Authors: Sharp Gary D. , Gilman Scott , Schuck Miller , Deis Evan , Arend Erik
Published: July 2015

The final word on 3D‐cinema entertainment value cannot be written until patrons experience stereo‐images of uncompromised quality. There has always been a performance cost associated with the addition of 3D, and as technology enables better 2D images, there is a threat that this situation will persist. We will examine the technical challenges of achieving the holy‐grail for 3D; a compromise‐free stereoscopic 3D presentation, in the face of new proposed 2D standards.
I2.1: Invited Paper: On the Duality of Compressive Light Field Imaging and Display
Authors: Wetzstein Gordon
Published: July 2015

In the recent computational imaging and display literature, light field cameras and displays are being treated distinctly, without an obvious connection. Despite significant differences in the signal processing tools employed in compressive light field imaging systems, we argue that there is a natural duality between these systems. Following Gabriel Lippmann's vision of integrated light field cameras and displays, we develop an intuitive interpretation of the optical systems and compressive optimization schemes employed in modern compressive light field imaging systems.
I2.2: Invited Paper: Image Systems Simulation
Authors: Farrell Joyce E. , Wandell Brian A.
Published: July 2015

We describe a suite of software tools for image system simulation. The tools model the three‐dimensional scene radiance, image formation by the optics, sensor transduction, image processing and display rendering.
I2.3: Invited Paper: Computational Diffractive Sensing and Imaging: Using Optics for Computing and Computing for Optics
Authors: Stork David G. , Gill Patrick R.
Published: July 2015

Computational diffractive imaging eschews the use of traditional lenses and curved mirrors and relies instead upon ultra‐miniature diffractive optical elements paired with application‐specific computational algorithms to achieve a desired end‐to‐end imaging function. The diffraction grating does not yield a traditional, human‐interpretable image, but instead acts to preserve spatial information sufficient for estimation algorithms such as Tikhonov regularization or fast Fourier deconvolution to compute an image. Special purpose gratings can extract application‐specific visual information for tasks such as motion estimation, point tracking, bar‐code reading, and more.
10.2: High‐Performance Barrier Films for Flexible Organic Display and Lighting Applications
Authors: Kimmel Jyrki , Nikkola Juha , Räsänen Lea , Willberg‐Keyriläinen Pia , Viljanen Heikki , Paajanen Mika
Published: July 2015

The key requirement in manufacturing flexible organic lightemitting displays (OLEDs) is to protect the deposited electrodes and emitter materials from oxygen and moisture permeation. Multilayered organic/inorganic barrier films can get relatively thick and brittle, and thinner, intrinsically flexible barrier films need to be developed. In this study, we have investigated manufacturing multilayered sol‐gel/atomic layer deposition (ALD) structures on poly(ethylene naphthalate) films. The results show improved surface morphology and promising shielding properties against water vapor and oxygen permeation.
15.1: Data‐Glasses for Improved User Interaction in 3D
Authors: Herold Rigo , Weidenmüller Falk , Penzel Markus , Ebert Matthias
Published: July 2015

A problem of state of the art data‐glasses is the fixed distance from the user's eyes to the virtual projection. In the most use cases the user gets the virtual information at the wrong distance. This paper discusses new technical approaches to solve this problem.
10.3: An Empirical Analysis of Effect Factors for High Reliability on AMOLED Display
Authors: Kim Hojoong , Jung Chanhyuk , Kwon Jang‐Yeon , Kim Songkuk
Published: July 2015

A luminance degradation of AMOLED display is analyzed in order to figure out driving factors for high performance of reliability on a large‐scaled display. The initial non‐uniformity and ageing parameters were incorporated into the luminance decay model. For each set of parameters, we simulated the luminance degradation of 10,000 panels for 100,000 operating hours and analyzed by two criteria; contrast deviation and luminance variation of panels to determine failures. Stability of TFTs is the most significant parameter for realizing highly reliable AMOLED display. Stability of OLEDs is also potential factor when which of TFTs is sufficient.
52.4L Transmissive One‐Side‐Emission OLED Panel using Alignment‐Free Cathode Patterning
Authors: Kato Daimotsu , Kakizoe Hayato , Sugizaki Tomoko , Sawabe Tomoaki , Sugi Keiji , Amano Akio , Ono Tomio , Shinjo Yasushi , Nakai Yutaka
Published: July 2015

We propose a new technique to fabricate a transmissive one‐side‐emission OLED panel with alignment‐free cathode patterning. This technique can reduce the non‐luminescent and non‐transparent area and result in the enlargement of luminescent area. The luminance of the fabricated panel was improved 1.28 times and high transmittance was kept.
11.4: Study on the Saccadic Eye Movement Metric of Visual Fatigue Induced By 3D Displays
Authors: Zou Bochao , Liu Yue , Wang Yongtian
Published: July 2015

Developing a valid measurement of visual fatigue induced by 3D display remains a big challenge and is beneficial for optimizing the system design. In this paper, effects of 3D visual fatigue on the dynamics of saccadic eye movements are examined. Thirteen subjects participate in a random dot stereogram (RDS) based task, the performing of the task by the subjects is assumed to directly influence the level of visual fatigue that is evaluated using subjective ratings, optometric tests and eye movement indices. The results of critical fusion frequency (CFF) and accommodation measurement (ACC) show that the proposed experiment setup can induce visual fatigue. According to the subjective ratings, the visual fatigue accumulated in the experiment is mostly related to the binocular vision stress of 3D display. The peak velocity‐magnitude relationship of saccadic eye movements decreases after the experiment, and no significant differences are observed in the other saccadic parameters. Our conclusion is that saccadic eye movement, particularly the peak velocity‐magnitude relationship, is a sensitive indicator for visual fatigue caused by 3D display and has the potential to help the establishment of a valid on‐line measure for the detection of 3D visual fatigue.