bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Harnessing Potentials and Optimization of Apicultural Education as Pathway for Alleviating Poverty in Southern Nigeria
Authors: Onabe Maria Bisong , Edet Agbachom, Emmanuel , Ubi Godwin Michael
Published: November 2022

The role of apicultural education as a catalyst for reducing rural poverty among bee farmers was investigated in Ini Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. The survey research design was used in achieving this. To adequately and appropriately execute the project, some objectives were formulated. From these objectives, research questions were generated and hypotheses formulated accordingly to guide data gathering and analysis. The instrument for data gathering was a four point close ended questionnaire from which 150 bee farmers and 50 extension agents were selected to respond to items in the questionnaire using the census approach.  Data collected from their responses were subjected to two forms of descriptive analysis. The first was percentage descriptive analysis which was used to x-ray the biodata.  Second, mean and standard deviation were used to treat the research questions.  The third method used is the independent t-test on the three man hypothesis of the study. The result of the analysis warranted the rejection of the three null hypothesis tested at 0.05 level of significance with 198 degrees of freedom using 1.96 as the critical f value. The results showed that 98 percent of bee farmers who had received apicultural education through extension services produced had more honey yield due to increase awareness on modern bee keeping techniques, adequate processing information and marketing strategies which invariably increased their income. Based on the findings made in this research, it was concluded by  that giving the farmers and rural dwellers apicultural education such as training them on how to construct apicultural equipment, producing of honey, producing and processing of bee wax into other products such as polish, candles etc. will enhance their performance in bee farming and thus alleviate their poverty.
Ortaokul Öğrencilerinde Problemli İnternet Kullanımı İle Öz-yeterlik Arasındaki İlişkide Yaşam Doyumunun Aracı Rolünün İncelenmesi
Authors: CIRCIR Osman , YÖNET DEMİRHAN Cansel , AYDEMİR Merve , BALCI Handan , CAN Hatice Rana , GÖKCE Zekeriya
Published: November 2022

Bu araştırmanın amacı ortaokul öğrencilerinin problemli internet kullanımları ile öz-yeterlikleri arasındaki ilişkide yaşam doyumunun aracı rolünün olup olmadığının belirlemesidir. Bu çalışma ile yaşam doyumları arttırılan ortaokul öğrencilerinin öz yeterliklerinin de artacağı, dolayısıyla öz-yeterlik üzerinde olumsuz etkisi olan problemli internet kullanımın etkisinin azalacağı düşünülmektedir. Araştırma, ilişkisel tarama modelinde yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu, 2021-2022 eğitim öğretim yılında Konya ilinde ortaokullarda öğrenim gören 505 ortaokul öğrencisinden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmanın verileri, Young İnternet Bağımlılığı Ölçeği, Ortaokul Öz-Yeterlik Ölçeği ve Çocuklar İçin Yaşam Doyumu Ölçeği aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizi aşamasında öncelikle toplanan verilerle, uç değer incelemesi, tek değişkenli ve çok değişkenli normallik analizleri ve homojenlik testleri yapılmıştır. Sonrasında, SPSS-20 paket programı ile değişkenler arasındaki ilişkinin saptanması için Pearson Momentler korelasyon katsayısı ve SPSS için Hayes Process Makrosu ile aracılık analizi yapılmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında, yapılan analizler sonucunda, ortaokul öğrencilerinin problemli internet kullanımları, öz-yeterliklerini negatif yönde anlamlı düzeyde yordadığı, yaşam doyumlarını ise pozitif yönde ve anlamlı düzeyde yordadığı bulunmuştur. Ortaokul öğrencilerinin yaşam doyumları, öz yeterliklerini pozitif yönde ve anlamlı düzeyde yordamaktadır. Ayrıca ortaokul öğrencilerinin problemli internet kullanımı ile öz yeterlik arasındaki ilişkide yaşam doyumunun aracı bir rol oynadığı belirlenmiştir Araştırma bulgularına dayalı olarak araştırmacı ve uygulayıcılara yönelik öneriler sunulmuştur.
What Is Multiple Sclerosis?
Authors: Marcus Revital
Published: November 2022

This JAMA Patient Page describes the types of multiple sclerosis and its symptoms, diagnosis, treatment options, and recommended lifestyle modifications.
Partially Nitrided Ni Nanoclusters Achieve Energy‐Efficient Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to CO at Ultralow Overpotential
Authors: Zhao Runyao , Wang Yiding , Ji Guipeng , Zhong Jiajun , Zhang Fengtao , Chen Meifang , Tong Shengrui , Wang Peng , Wu Zhonghua , Han Buxing , Liu Zhimin
Published: November 2022

Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) offers a promising strategy to lower CO2 emission while producing value‐added chemicals. A great challenge facing CO2RR is how to improve energy efficiency by reducing overpotentials. Herein, partially nitrided Ni nanoclusters (NiNx) immobilized on N‐doped carbon nanotubes (NCNT) for CO2RR are reported, which achieves the lowest onset overpotential of 16 mV for CO2‐to‐CO and the highest cathode energy efficiency of 86.9% with CO Faraday efficiency >99.0% to date. Interestingly, NiNx/NCNT affords a CO generation rate of 43.0 mol g−1 h−1 at a low potential of −0.572 V (vs RHE). DFT calculations reveal that the NiNx nanoclusters favor *COOH formation with lower Gibbs free energy than isolated Ni single‐atom, hence lowering CO2RR overpotential. As NiNx/NCNT is applied to a membrane electrode assembly system coupled with oxygen evolution reaction, a cell voltage of only 2.13 V is required to reach 100 mA cm−2, with total energy efficiency of 62.2%.
A Molecular Engineering Strategy for Achieving Blue Phosphorescent Carbon Dots with Outstanding Efficiency above 50%
Authors: Song Zhijiang , Shang Yuan , Lou Qing , Zhu Jinyang , Hu Junhua , Xu Wen , Li Changchang , Chen Xu , Liu Kaikai , Shan Chong‐Xin , Bai Xue
Published: November 2022

Highly efficient emission has been a long‐lasting pursuit for carbon dots (CDs) owing to their enormous potential in optoelectronic applications. Nevertheless, their room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) performance still largely lags behind their outstanding fluorescence emission, especially in the blue spectral region. Herein, high‐efficiency blue RTP CDs have been designed and constructed via a simple molecular engineering strategy, enabling CDs with an unprecedented phosphorescence quantum efficiency of to 50.17% and a long lifetime of 2.03 s. This treating route facilitates the formation of high‐density (n, π*) configurations in the CD π–π conjugate system through the introduction of abundant functional groups, which can evoke a strong spin‐orbit coupling and further promote the intersystem crossing from singlet to triplet excited states and radiative recombination from triplet excited states to ground state. With blue phosphorescent CDs as triplet donors, green, red, and white afterglow composites are successfully fabricated via effective phosphorescence Förster resonance energy transfer. Importantly, the color temperature of the white afterglow emission can be widely and facilely tuned from cool white to pure white and warm white. Moreover, advanced information encryption, light illumination, and afterglow/dynamic visual display have been demonstrated when using these multicolor‐emitting CD‐based afterglow systems.
Modulating the Site Density of Mo Single Atoms to Catch Adventitious O Atoms for Efficient H2O2 Oxidation with Light
Authors: Zhang Congmin , Bai Lichen , Chen Min , Sun Xuejiao , Zhu Mengzhao , Wu Qinglong , Gao Xiaoping , Zhang Qun , Zheng Xusheng , Yu Zhen‐Qiang , Wu Yuen
Published: November 2022

Coordination environment and site density have great impacts on the catalytic performance for single atoms (SAs). Herein, the site density of Mo‐SAs on red polymeric carbon nitrides (RPCN) is modulated via a local carbonization strategy to controllably catch adventitious O atoms from open environment. The addition of melamine derivants with hydrocarbyl chains induces local carbonization during RPCN pyrolysis. These local carbonization regions bring abundant graphitic N3C to anchor Mo‐SAs, and most of Mo‐SAs catch the O atoms in air, forming the O2‐covered Mo‐N3 coordination. The dopants of carbon source with different structures and amounts can modulate the site density of Mo‐SAs, therefore controlling the amounts of coordinated O atoms. Furthermore, coordinated O atoms around Mo‐SAs construct the catalytic environment with Lewis base and gather photo‐generated electrons under light. Such O‐covered Mo‐SAs endow RPCN materials (Mo‐RPCN) with a strong ability for hydrogen abstraction, leading to the 99.51% ratio (28.8 mmol min−1 g−1) rate for thioanisole conversion with H2O2 assisted advance oxidation technology. This work brings a new sight on the coordinated atoms dominant oxidation process.
A Twin S‐Scheme Artificial Photosynthetic System with Self‐Assembled Heterojunctions Yields Superior Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Rate
Authors: Ruan Xiaowen , Huang Chengxiang , Cheng Hui , Zhang Zhiquan , Cui Yi , Li Zhiyun , Xie Tengfeng , Ba Kaikai , Zhang Haiyan , Zhang Lei , Zhao Xiao , Leng Jing , Jin Shengye , Zhang Wei , Zheng Weitao , Ravi Sai Kishore , Jiang Zhifeng , Cui Xiaoqiang , Yu Jiaguo
Published: November 2022

Designing heterojunction photocatalysts imitating natural photosynthetic systems has been a promising approach for photocatalytic hydrogen generation. However, in the traditional Z‐Scheme artificial photosynthetic systems, the poor charge separation, and rapid recombination of photogenerated carriers remain a huge bottleneck. To rationally design S‐Scheme (i.e., Step scheme) heterojunctions by avoiding the futile charge transport routes is therefore seen as an attractive approach to achieving high hydrogen evolution rates. Herein, a twin S‐scheme heterojunction is proposed involving graphitic C3N4 nanosheets self‐assembled with hydrogen‐doped rutile TiO2 nanorods and anatase TiO2 nanoparticles. This catalyst shows an excellent photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate of 62.37 mmol g−1 h−1 and high apparent quantum efficiency of 45.9% at 365 nm. The significant enhancement of photocatalytic performance is attributed to the efficient charge separation and transfer induced by the unique twin S‐scheme structure. The charge transfer route in the twin S‐scheme is confirmed by in situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electron spin resonance (ESR) spin‐trapping tests. Femtosecond transient absorption (fs‐TA) spectroscopy, transient‐state surface photovoltage (TPV), and other ex situ characterizations further corroborate the efficient charge transport across the catalyst interface. This work offers a new perspective on constructing artificial photosynthetic systems with S‐scheme heterojunctions to enhance photocatalytic performance.
From Innovation to Intrapreneurship: Fostering academic success via the GridlockED project and innovation fund
Authors: Chan Teresa M. , Wallner Clare , Sneath Paula , Singh Chad , Wakeling Sonja , Huang Simon , Mercuri Mat , Pardhan Alim
Published: November 2022

Background

Funding for educational innovations is increasingly scarce in academic medicine. While there is some funding for medical education research, this is often for discovery or application work, and there are few avenues for those with a heavy innovation focus to fund early work.

Objective of the Innovation

The objective was to develop an intrapreneurial unit focused on medical education projects and scholarship.

Development Process and Implementation

The GridlockED and TriagED games are educational or serious games that seek to teach health care learners about emergency medicine processes. Both games were cocreated with learners and brought to market in the past 3 years. All of the proceeds from the sales of these games have been accrued over time to create a new innovation fund. This fund seeks to support trainees and early career educators in their medical education projects.

Outcomes

Sales for GridlockED began in March 2018 and the TriagED began in November 2019. In the first year, sales for GridlockED yielded a total of $9,534. After 18 months of sales, the fund has accrued a total of $14,530. The fund has helped finance the development of new games. Additionally, the fund awarded two internal $500 Kickstarter grants to assist with evaluating and improving two local education projects. The GridlockED and TriagED games have also spurred multiple academic opportunities for junior educators interested in this domain: five workshops, eight conference abstracts, two peer‐reviewed papers, and two research protocols are being developed.

Conclusions

The GridlockED and TriagED games represent a new academically oriented, intrapreneurial approach to medical education work.
The next generation of researchers:One‐yearoutcome data from theSAEM Advanced Research Methodology Evaluation and Design in Medical Education(ARMED MedEd) program
Authors: Gottlieb Michael , Chan Teresa M. , Sebok‐Syer Stefanie S. , Krzyzaniak Sara , Dubosh Nicole M. , Santen Sally , Caretta‐Weyer Holly , Yarris Lalena , Coates Wendy C. ,   the Emergency Medicine Health Professions Education Research Consortium (EMPERC)
Published: November 2022

Introduction

As the field of medical education evolves, there is a need to increase the quality of education scholarship and develop a cadre of research scholars; however, clinician educators (CEs) considering this career transition have limited formal training in education research methodology to heed this call. Therefore, a program that provides more advanced training in education scholarship for CEs without the financial and resource barriers of fellowships and masters programs is needed.

Methods

The SAEM Advanced Research Methodology Evaluation and Design in Medical Education (ARMED MedEd) program is a longitudinal program for the beyond‐beginner CE, seeking advanced training in education research. The program was created using a comprehensive needs assessment and included longitudinal training; small‐group projects; dedicated project mentors; and integrated diversity, equity, and inclusion initiatives. Program participants applied for a grant upon program completion.

Results

Twenty‐one participants completed the course with 100% completing the baseline survey and 67% (14/21) completing the end‐of‐program survey. Participants reported improved perception of knowledge across all of the topics with a medium to large effect size, ranging from 0.40 to 0.62. When asked about impact on their network of potential collaborators, participants reported a median of 7 (interquartile range [IQR] 5–8) out of 9. When asked about the impact on their community of practice, participants reported a median of 7 (IQR 5–7) out of 9. When asked about the impact on their professional identity, participants reported a median of 7 (IQR 4–9) out of 9. Participants also reported an increase in both the quantity (mean of 2 ± 1 new mentors) and the quality (median score 7 [IQR 5–8] out of 9) of new research mentorship as a result of the program. Open‐ended feedback was generally positive, with 100% reporting they would advise others to take this program.

Conclusions

The SAEM ARMED MedEd program represents a proof of concept for an advanced education research program seeking to fill the research training gap for the beyond‐beginner Clinician educators.
Diallel analysis of kernel weight and grain‐filling traits in maize grown under contrasting nitrogen supply
Authors: Hisse Ignacio R. , D'Andrea Karina E. , Otegui María E.
Published: November 2022

Understanding the inheritance of maize (Zea maysL.) kernel weight (KW) under contrasting nitrogen (N) supply is crucial for obtaining high KW across diverse N conditions. This work evaluated broad‐sense heritability (H2), general combining ability (GCA), and specific combining ability (SCA) under contrasting N levels for (i) KW and kernel number per plant and (ii) grain‐filling traits represented by the duration oflagand effective filling phases, kernel growth and desiccation rates, maximum water content and volume, and moisture content at physiological maturity. A six‐parent full diallel cross generated via Griffing's method 3 was tested under high (N200) and low (N0) N supply in 2 years (Y). For the various traits: (i) F1hybrid, and F1by Y and/or N interactions were significant (p <0.05); (ii) GCA was significant at both N levels and affected (p <0.05) by the Y effect; (iii) SCA was important (p <0.05) only at N200; and (iv) GCA sum of squares was higher than those of SCA (except for KW). For KW and grain‐filling traits,H2and GCA/SCA ratios were higher at N0 than at N200, suggesting low‐N environments would be more advantageous for developing genetic selection.Lag‐phase duration (LPD), kernel desiccation rate (KDR), and kernel maximum water content (KWCMAX) had higherH2(≥0.70) and GCA/SCA ratio than KW, particularly under N0. Thus, the highest KW hybrid (LP2×LP662) was composed of inbreds with high GCA for LPD, KDR and KWCMAX, revealing superior KW hybrids could be selected from the GCA of mentioned traits.
Oscillator Laser Model
Authors: Protsenko Igor E. , Uskov Alexander V.
Published: November 2022

A laser model is formulated in terms of quantum harmonic oscillators. Emitters in the low lasing states are usual harmonic oscillators, and emitters in the upper states are inverted harmonic oscillators. Diffusion coefficients, consistent with the model and necessary for solving quantum nonlinear laser equations analytically, are found. Photon number fluctuations of the lasing mode and fluctuations of the population of the lasing states are calculated. Collective Rabi splitting peaks are predicted in the intensity fluctuation spectra of the superradiant lasers. Population fluctuation mechanisms in superradiant lasers and lasers without superradiance are discussed and compared with each other.
Plasma surface modification of graphene oxide nanosheets for the synthesis of GO/PES nanocomposite ultrafiltration membrane for enhanced oily separation
Authors: Turgut Furkan , Chong Chun Yew , Karaman Mustafa , Lau Woei Jye , Gürsoy Mehmet , Ismail Ahmad Fauzi
Published: November 2022

In this study, two different monomers, namely hexafluorobutyl acrylate (HFBA) and diethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DEAEMA) were individually used to modify graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets via environmentally friendly plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) method. The results from instrumental analyses confirmed the successful deposition of respective functional material onto the nanomaterials. Modified GOs were used as the nano‐fillers to develop composite polyethersulfone (PES) ultrafiltration (UF) membrane with improved surface properties for oily solution treatment. All the developed membranes were characterized with a series of analytical instruments to support the findings of membrane filtration performance. The results indicated that the membrane incorporated with DEAEMA‐GOs (coated with hydrophilic polymer) could achieve better results in terms of oil rejection, antifouling resistance and water recovery rate than the membrane incorporated with HFBA‐GOs (coated with hydrophobic polymer). This is due to the reduced agglomeration between modified GOs as well as better interaction of hydrophilic‐coated GOs with polymer membrane. Compared to the pure water flux of the membrane incorporated with unmodified GO, the membrane incorporated with DEAEMA‐GO achieve approximately 85% higher value with oil removal rate remained almost unchanged (98.94% rejection).
Correlation between structural evolution and rheological properties for polycarbonate in the molten state
Authors: Chen Mengdi , Zheng Mingfu , Zhang Lu , Xu Yunsheng , Zhang Xianming , Chen Wenxing
Published: November 2022

In this work, multiple rheological and molecular structure characterization methods are utilized to investigate the melt post‐polycondensation (MPP) process of polycarbonate (PC) at high temperatures (260–300°C) under a nitrogen atmosphere. We find some unexpected phenomena that the complex viscosity of PC melt rise rapidly and it reaches an extraordinarily high value of about 106 Pa·s during the MPP process of 10 h at 300°C. Dissoluble PC and insoluble gel residue are separated and both fractions are analyzed by gel permeation chromatography,1H‐NMR, and pyrolysis‐gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Results show that the molecular weight of dissoluble PC significantly increases at the early stage of the reaction (less than 1 h). After that, it continues to reduce due to the occurrence of branching reactions and degradation reactions caused by high temperature reactions for a long time. Chemical structure analysis indicates that the same two branched structures are discovered in both dissoluble PC and insoluble gel residue, the changes in structures indicate that no new structures are formed during the crosslinking reaction. According to this study's results, we clearly understand the correlation between the rheological properties and structural changes for PC in the MPP progress.
Thermo‐oxidative aging of acrylonitrile‐butadiene rubber gaskets with real geometry used in plate heat exchangers
Authors: de Souza Elias Luiz , de Sousa Zanzi Mateus , de Paiva Kleber Vieira , Oliveira Jorge Luiz Goes , de Oliveira Barra Guilherme Mariz , Dutra Gabriel Benedet
Published: November 2022

This study investigates the effects of aging on the physical and mechanical properties of commercially available acrylonitrile‐butadiene rubber (NBR) gaskets while maintaining their original geometry. Thermo‐oxidative cycles with 10 and 70 mm in length specimens were conducted from 80 to 170°C up to 180 days. The samples were analyzed employing compression set (CS), hardness, indentation modulus, cross‐link density, total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR), and thermogravimetry. The results showed that longer specimens presented better resistance to thermo‐oxidative aging. Indentation results indicated regular oxygen permeability into the entire samples up to 110°C, while at higher temperatures, limited diffusion oxidation (DLO) effects promoted non‐uniform aging. Time–temperature superposition (TTS) and Arrhenius methods were applied to predict the specimens' lifetime using CS as a failure criterion. Activation energies for 10 and 70 mm samples were 68.74 and 43.63 kJ mol−1, respectively. Thus, the 70 mm specimen's lifetime was greater than 10 mm. For temperatures below ≈38°C, the response to the thermo‐oxidative aging is independent of specimen length. Therefore, in determining the lifetime of gaskets with complex geometry, longer specimens are recommended to provide more reliable results than those suggested by the standards.
Toward instrument combination for boundary layer classification
Authors: Rieutord Thomas , Martinet Pauline , Paci Alexandre
Published: November 2022

To handle the complexity of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) and make accurate feature detection (top height, low‐level jets, inversions, etc.), a prior necessary step is to identify the type of boundary layer. This study proposes a new method to identify the boundary layer type through unsupervised classification and the synergistic use of ground‐based remote sensing. Unsupervised classification is used to lighten the human supervision. The new classification was applied to a 1‐day case study collected during wintertime in the Arve River valley near Chamonix–Mont‐Blanc during the Passy‐2015 field experiment. The ABL classification obtained from microwave radiometer and ceilometer observations (ground‐based remote sensors [GBReS]) combination is compared with high‐frequency radiosoundings (RS) data and the French convective scale AROME model outputs. Classifications from RS and GBReS broadly agree, demonstrating the good behavior of the method, AROME leading to different results at night. The difference of AROME is likely due to the different nature of the data (model fields are smoother and include forecasting errors). The results show the ability of unsupervised classification to segment relevant objects in the boundary layer and the benefit to use a combination of GBReS.
Ancient endosymbiont‐mediated transmission of a selfish gene provides a model for overcoming barriers to gene transfer into animal mitochondrial genomes
Authors: Shimpi Gaurav G. , Bentlage Bastian
Published: November 2022

In contrast to bilaterian animals, non‐bilaterian mitochondrial genomes contain atypical genes, often attributed to horizontal gene transfer (HGT) as an ad hoc explanation. Although prevalent in plants, HGT into animal mitochondrial genomes is rare, lacking suitable explanatory models for their occurrence. HGT of the mismatch DNA repair gene (mtMutS) from giant viruses to octocoral (soft corals and their kin) mitochondrial genomes provides a model for how barriers to HGT to animal mitochondria may be overcome. A review of the available literature suggests that this HGT was mediated by an alveolate endosymbiont infected with a lysogenic phycodnavirus that enabled insertion of the homing endonuclease containing mtMutS into octocoral mitochondrial genomes. We posit that homing endonuclease domains and similar selfish elements play a crucial role in such inter‐domain gene transfers. Understanding the role of selfish genetic elements in HGT has the potential to aid development of tools for manipulating animal mitochondrial DNA.
Generation of reference cell lines, media, and a process platform for CHO cell biomanufacturing
Authors: Cordova Lauren T. , Dahodwala Hussain , Elliott Kathryn S. , Baik Jongyoun , Odenewelder Daniel C. , Nmagu Douglas , Skelton Bradley A. , Uy Lisa , Klaubert Stephanie R. , Synoground Benjamin F. , Chitwood Dylan G. , Dhara Venkata Gayatri , Naik Harnish Mukesh , Morris Caitlin S. , Yoon Seongkyu , Betenbaugh Michael , Coffman Jon , Swartzwelder Frank , Gillmeister Michael P. , Harcum Sarah W. , Lee Kelvin H.
Published: November 2022

Due to the favorable attributes of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells for therapeutic proteins and antibodies biomanufacturing, companies generate proprietary cells with desirable phenotypes. One key attribute is the ability to stably express multi‐gram per liter titers in chemically defined media. Cell, media, and feed diversity has limited community efforts to translate knowledge. Moreover, academic, and nonprofit researchers generally cannot study “industrially relevant” CHO cells due to limited public availability, and the time and knowledge required to generate such cells. To address these issues, a university‐industrial consortium (Advanced Mammalian Biomanufacturing Innovation Center, AMBIC) has acquired two CHO “reference cell lines” from different lineages that express monoclonal antibodies. These reference cell lines have relevant production titers, key performance outcomes confirmed by multiple laboratories, and a detailed technology transfer protocol. In commercial media, titers over 2 g/L are reached. Fed‐batch cultivation data from shake flask and scaled‐down bioreactors is presented. Using productivity as the primary attribute, two academic sites aligned with tight reproducibility at each site. Further, a chemically defined media formulation was developed and evaluated in parallel to the commercial media. The goal of this work is to provide a universal, industrially relevant CHO culture platform to accelerate biomanufacturing innovation.
Volatiles of the Apicomplexan Alga Chromera velia and Associated Bacteria
Authors: Koteska Diana , Marter Pia , Huang Sixing , Pradella Silke , Petersen Jörn , Schulz Stefan
Published: November 2022

Volatiles released by the apicomplexan alga Chromera velia CCAP1602/1 and their associated bacteria have been investigated. A metagenome analysis allowed the identification of the most abundant heterotrophic bacteria of the phycosphere, but the isolation of additional strains showed that metagenomics underestimated the complexity of the algal microbiome, However, a culture‐independent approach revealed the presence of a planctomycete that likely represents a novel bacterial family. We analysed algal and bacterial volatiles by open‐system‐stripping analysis (OSSA) on Tenax TA desorption tubes, followed by thermodesorption, cryofocusing and GC‐MS‐analysis. The analyses of the alga and the abundant bacterial strains Sphingopyxis litoris A01A‐101, Algihabitans albus A01A‐324, “Coraliitalea coralii” A01A‐333 and Litoreibacter sp. A01A‐347 revealed sulfur‐ and nitrogen‐containing compounds, ketones, alcohols, aldehydes, aromatic compounds, amides and one lactone, as well as the typical algal products, apocarotenoids. The compounds were identified by gas chromatographic retention indices, comparison of mass spectra and syntheses of reference compounds. A major algal metabolite was 3,4,4‐trimethylcyclopent‐2‐en‐1‐one, an apocarotenoid indicating the presence of carotenoids related to capsanthin, not reported from algae so far. A low overlap in volatiles bouquets between C. velia and the bacteria was found, and the xenic algal culture almost exclusively released algal components.
A word of caution: Early failure of Magmaris® bioresorbable stent after pulmonary artery stenting
Authors: Haddad Raymond N. , Adel Hassan Ahmed , AL Soufi Mahmoud , Kasem Mohamed
Published: November 2022

Bioresorbable scaffolds (BRS) have been advocated as the fourth revolution in interventional cardiology medical devices with promising technology to improve the treatment of coronary artery disease with an event‐free future. We describe the first reported use and early collapse of the Magmaris® Resorbable Magnesium Scaffold (RMS) stent (BIOTRONIK AG, Switzerland) to relieve left pulmonary artery severe stenosis in a newborn after the Norwood procedure. The stent collapse was detected 2 weeks after implantation and urgently treated with a balloon‐expandable stent. This complication raises the alarm about the need to keep implanted RMS under scrutiny. The possibility of faster scaffold resorption in small babies or lack of sufficient radial force of RMS to resist acute vessel recoil has led to ineffective relief of branch pulmonary artery stenosis and failure to enable a safe short‐term bridge to Stage II palliation.
Inclusion of the Mother Liquor of Three Different Salt Crystals Formed via Industrial Crystallization Processes
Authors: Tsushima Ippei , Kubota Kohei , Katogi Kento , Nakamoto Kanami , Maeda Kouji , Arafune Koji , Itoh Kazuhiro , Yamamoto Takuji , Taguchi Syogo , Miki Hideo
Published: November 2022

Three different salt crystals (K2SO4, KCl, and Na2SO4·10H2O) were produced via batch cooling and continuous crystallization using a bench‐scale crystallization device, in order to elucidate the mechanism of inclusion of the mother liquor as a function of crystal size. The inclusion ratio of the mother liquor was higher at small sizes and decreased with crystal growth. All results were represented by the previously proposed model of core‐aggregation and shell‐growth processes for the three different salt crystals. Crystals with small Vickers hardness aggregated with each other, and the inclusion ratio of the mother liquor of aggregated grown crystals was high for all three salt crystals tested herein.
Resolving the Chemical Formula of Nesquehonite via NMR Crystallography, DFT Computation, and Complementary Neutron Diffraction
Authors: Cui Jinlei , Prisk Timothy R. , Olmsted David L. , Su Vicky , Asta Mark , Hayes Sophia E.
Published: November 2022

Nesquehonite is a magnesium carbonate mineral relevant to carbon sequestration envisioned for carbon capture and storage of CO2. Its chemical formula remains controversial today, assigned as either a hydrated magnesium carbonate [MgCO3 ⋅ 3H2O], or a hydroxy‐ hydrated‐ magnesium bicarbonate [Mg(HCO3)OH ⋅ 2H2O]. The resolution of this controversy is central to understanding this material‘s thermodynamic, phase, and chemical behavior. In an NMR crystallography study, using rotational‐echo double‐resonance 13C{1H} (REDOR), 13C−1H distances are determined with precision, and the combination of 13C static NMR lineshapes and density functional theory (DFT) calculations are used to model different H atomic coordinates. [MgCO3 ⋅ 3H2O] is found to be accurate, and evidence from neutron powder diffraction bolsters these assignments. Refined H positions can help understand how H‐bonding stabilizes this structure against dehydration to MgCO3. More broadly, these results illustrate the power of NMR crystallography as a technique for resolving questions where X‐ray diffraction is inconclusive.
Simulation of Compression Heat Pump Cycles Using NH3/H2O Mixtures to Estimate Their Working Domains
Authors: Loth Maximilian , Kabelac Stephan
Published: November 2022

A computer‐aided process design methodology is used to determine the limits of NH3/H2O mixtures in different heat pump cycles from 20 °C to 150 °C. The evaluation is based on a defined parameter set consisting of the coefficient of performance, total heat transfer area and volumetric heat capacity. Simple cycles with two heat flows were chosen to meet good process integration capabilities. The results are shown in a sink outlet/temperature lift matrix considering current technical limits. R1366mzz(Z) in a standard compression cycle with internal heat exchanger serves as a benchmark. To provide temperatures up to 150 °C the lift of the heat pump has to increase to about 80 K of which only the wet compressions cycle with NH3/H2O is capable of. The working domains of NH3/H2O and R1366mzz(Z) are similar, when a two‐stage compression for NH3/H2O is applied.
A continuous flow reactor for the flexible production of different formulations: CFD‐aided design
Authors: Bacci di Capaci Riccardo , Bellagotti Filippo , Pannocchia Gabriele , Brunazzi Elisabetta , Galletti Chiara
Published: November 2022

The increasing need to improve the sustainability of industrial processes requires more flexible and intensified solutions. For this purpose, nowadays lots of efforts are made to switch from batch to continuous processes, the latter being able to ensure the same processing history to all fluid elements, with a consequent better control of the operating conditions and product quality. The present work aims at developing a continuous flow reactor for the production of several fine chemicals, including medical‐surgical aids, but also other substances for specific industrial sectors. The plant is basically an inline reactor equipped with various static mixers and side inlets, and it is conceived to ensure on‐site production. This is an important feature also in light of the recent COVID‐19 pandemic, which asked for flexible and distributed production of chemicals. Numerical simulations based on computational fluid dynamics are employed to study the performance, in terms of pressure drops and degree of mixing, of different static mixers, that is, the Lightnin Inliner Series 50 and Ross low pressure drop (LPD), combining various elements of mixing and injections in different operating conditions in both laminar and turbulent regimes. The results highlighted how numerical simulations may represent a valid tool for supporting the detailed design of such flow reactors by allowing the evaluation of the optimal design solutions.
Sarcopenia identified by computed tomography imaging using a deep learning–based segmentation approach impacts survival in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma
Authors: Nandakumar Bharat , Baffour Francis , Abdallah Nadine H. , Kumar Shaji K. , Dispenzieri Angela , Buadi Francis K. , Dingli David , Lacy Martha Q. , Hayman Suzanne R. , Kapoor Prashant , Leung Nelson , Fonder Amie , Hobbs Miriam , Hwa Yi Lisa , Muchtar Eli , Warsame Rahma , Kourelis Taxiarchis V. , Go Ronald S. , Kyle Robert A. , Gertz Morie A. , Rajkumar S. Vincent , Klug Jason , Korfiatis Panagiotis , Gonsalves Wilson I.
Published: November 2022

Background

Sarcopenia increases with age and is associated with poor survival outcomes in patients with cancer. By using a deep learning–based segmentation approach, clinical computed tomography (CT) images of the abdomen of patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) were reviewed to determine whether the presence of sarcopenia had any prognostic value.

Methods

Sarcopenia was detected by accurate segmentation and measurement of the skeletal muscle components present at the level of the L3 vertebrae. These skeletal muscle measurements were further normalized by the height of the patient to obtain the skeletal muscle index for each patient to classify them as sarcopenic or not.

Results

The study cohort consisted of 322 patients of which 67 (28%) were categorized as having high risk (HR) fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) cytogenetics. A total of 171 (53%) patients were sarcopenic based on their peri‐diagnosis standard‐dose CT scan. The median overall survival (OS) and 2‐year mortality rate for sarcopenic patients was 44 months and 40% compared to 90 months and 18% for those not sarcopenic, respectively (p < .0001 for both comparisons). In a multivariable model, the adverse prognostic impact of sarcopenia was independent of International Staging System stage, age, and HR FISH cytogenetics.

Conclusions

Sarcopenia identified by a machine learning–based convolutional neural network algorithm significantly affects OS in patients with NDMM. Future studies using this machine learning–based methodology of assessing sarcopenia in larger prospective clinical trials are required to validate these findings.
Perception of brightness when the eyes are closed
Authors: Sakai Hideki
Published: November 2022

To describe the lighting environment during sleep accurately, it is necessary to know the extent to which light is still perceived when the eyelids are closed. In this study, we measured the perception of equivalent brightness under closed‐eye and open‐eye conditions in binocular photopic vision. The light sources used were monochromatic red (peak wavelength 630 nm), yellow (593 nm), green (515 nm), and blue (460 nm) LEDs, as well as a white LED (Tcp = 4188 K, Ra = 93). A total of 33 subjects (Asian adults aged 22 years on average) with eyelids of approximately the same color were recruited. The average effective transmittances of their closed eyes were 52.4% ± 31.5% for red, 26.2% ± 18.2% for yellow, 21.6% ± 16.7% for green, 4.5% ± 3.9% for blue, and 42.7% ± 24.8% for white light. These values were up to 10 times higher than eyelid transmittances reported previously, so eyelid transmittance cannot by itself explain perceived closed‐eye brightness. There were also significant individual differences. As it is unlikely that the physical transmittances of the eyelids differed from subject to subject, psychological factors may be responsible. This phenomenon should be further investigated in the future.
Self‐Organization of Lipid‐Porphyrin Conjugates at the Air/Water Interface
Authors: Cressey Paul , Abuillan Wasim , Ibrahim Nada , Alhoussein Jana , Konovalov Oleg , Zheng Gang , Makky Ali
Published: November 2022

Lipid‐porphyrin conjugates are versatile compounds which can self‐assemble into liposome‐like structures with multifunctional properties. Most of the conjugates that have been described so far, consisted in grafting pyropheophorbide‐a (Pyro‐a) or other porphyrin derivatives through the esterification of the hydroxyl group in the sn‐2 position of a lysophosphatidylcholine. However, despite the versatility of these conjugates, less is known about the impact of the lipid backbone structure on their 2D phase behavior at the air/water interface and more precisely on their fine structures normal to the interface as well as on their in‐plane organization. Herein, we synthesized a new lipid‐porphyrin conjugate (PyroLSM) based on the amide coupling of Pyro‐a to a lysosphingomyelin backbone (LSM) and we compared its interfacial behavior to that of Pyro‐a and Pyro‐a conjugated lysophosphatidylcholine (PyroLPC) using Langmuir balance combined to a variety of other physical techniques. Our results provided evidence on the significant impact of the lipid backbone on the lateral packing of the conjugates as well as on the shape and size of the formed domains. Compared to Pyro‐a and PyroLPC monolayers, PyroLSM exhibited the highest lateral packing which highlights the role of the lipid backbone in controlling their 2D organization which in turn may impact the photophysical properties of their assemblies.
ConVarT: Search Engine for Missense Variants Between Humans and Other Organisms
Authors: Pir Mustafa S. , Cevik Sebiha , Kaplan Oktay I.
Published: November 2022

ConVarT (https://convart.org/) is a search engine for searching for conjugate variants between humans and other species. The search engine is based on matching conjugate variants called MatchVars between species. Matching equivalent variants requires correct alignment of orthologous proteins with the use of multiple sequence alignments (MSA). Indeed, the ConVarT pipeline has performed over a million MSAs and integrated variants and variant‐specific annotations (pathogenicity, phenotypic variants; etc.) into the corresponding positions on MSAs. When a clinically relevant variant is discovered whose functional relevance is unknown, ConVarT offers clinician scientists the possibility to search for a MatchVar in other species and to look for functional data on that variant. Fortunately, ConVarT enables users to paste a protein sequence in FASTA format to search for human orthologous proteins. A pairwise sequence alignment (PSA) is then performed between the provided protein sequence and the human orthologous protein, allowing users to visualize human variants on the PSA. Here, we describe the step‐by‐step usage of ConVarT. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Searching matching variants (MatchVar) with gene/protein identifiers.

Basic Protocol 2: Searching with a FASTA sequence.

Alternate Protocol: Search with gene name in multiple species.

Basic Protocol 3: Search genes associated with a disease.
An ingenious methodology of deriving single‐FTFN‐based canonic grounded‐capacitor SRCOs
Authors: Senani Raj , Bhaskar Data Ram , Gupta Shanti Swaroop , Kumar Pragati , Sharma Ravindra Kumar
Published: November 2022

In the past, several new active elements have been employed to realize single‐resistance‐controlled oscillators (SRCO) of which the four‐terminal‐floating‐nullors (FTFN) have attracted considerable attention in the literature. In this paper, an ingenious methodology of deriving single‐FTFN‐based canonic grounded‐capacitor (GC) SRCOs has been presented. It is shown that such oscillators can be systematically evolved from a class of earlier known op‐amp‐based SRCOs through the application of two theorems pertaining to RC‐nullor oscillators published earlier. The presented methodology not only yields all the previously known (four) single‐FTFN‐based canonic GC SRCOs but also reveals a number of (12) new circuits, which have not been known in the open literature earlier. The viability of the evolved oscillator circuits has been confirmed through SPICE simulations, and some simulation results have been given.
Perturbation responses in co‐evolved model meta‐communities
Authors: Abernethy Gavin M.
Published: November 2022

A spatially explicit eco‐evolutionary model assembles simulated meta‐communities which are subjected to species and community perturbation experiments to determine factors affecting the stability of the global ecosystem. Spatial structure and resource variety increase the persistence of the ensembles against the removal of an individual species, yet they remain vulnerable to re‐invasion by an existing member of the meta‐community if it is introduced to all patches with minimal population. Optimal reserve placement strategies are identified for maximally preserving global biodiversity from the effects of sequences of patch disruption, and targeted reserve placement that shields the most or the rarest biodiversity is usually effective. However, if disturbed populations are permitted to re‐settle in neighboring patches, then reserves should also be situated remotely to isolate their residents from invasion.
A functional analysis of personal autonomy: How restricting ‘what’, ‘when’ and ‘how’ affects experienced agency and goal motivation
Authors: Zhang Chao , Sankaran Supraja , Aarts Henk
Published: November 2022

Personal autonomy is central to people's experiences of agency and abilities to actively take part in society. To address the challenges of supporting autonomy, we propose a functional model of autonomy, according to which the experience of agency is a function of the opportunity to determine what to do, when to act and how to act in goal‐pursuit. We tested the model in three experiments where the three goal‐pursuit components could be constrained by another person or an artificial intelligence (AI) agent. Results showed that removing any of the three components from one's own decisions reduced experienced agency (Study 1a and 1b) and lowered motivation to pursue goals in organisational contexts (Study 2). In comparison to the strong and robust main effects, interactions between the components and the effects of the source of restriction (human vs. AI) were negligible. Implications for personal autonomy, algorithmic decision‐making and behaviour change interventions are discussed.
Electrochemical Sensing Platform Integrated with Solid‐state Reference Electrode Based on Indium Tin Oxide Interdigitated Array Electrodes
Authors: Bae Je Hyun , Jeon Hyeri , Yang Hyun Ju , Kang Chung Mu , Han Donghoon
Published: November 2022

We present a new strategy for the fabrication of a fully integrated electrochemical platform. The three‐electrode system consists of an indium tin oxide interdigitated array as working electrode, a solid‐state reference electrode, and an electrodeposited Pt counter electrode that are placed in microfluidic channel. By controlling the electrodeposition conditions, such as the applied potential and time, the stability and uniformity of the films can be optimized. A solid‐state reference electrode was fabricated on the nanoporous Pt via electropolymerization of poly‐1,3‐phenylenediamine. This system provides a simple method for the fabrication of three‐electrode system and opens the possibility for an electroanalytical platform.
May We Use Chemical Arguments to Distinguish between Possible Space‐Groups? Description of the Crystal Structure of an Inclusion Compound in Space Groups P1 or P‐1
Authors: Kaftory Menahem , Zouev Irena , Botoshansky Mark , Fridman Natalia , Foxman Bruce M.
Published: November 2022

The structure of the inclusion compound of 1‐(3‐hydroxy‐4‐{(E)‐[(2‐hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]amino}phenyl)ethan‐1‐one – a light‐sensitive guest molecule, with 4,4′‐cyclohexylidenebisphenol as light‐stable host molecule was studied at 293 and 200 K. At room temperature the crystal structure may be described in space group P‐1, with one of the two guest molecules disordered occupying a crystallographic inversion center or in space group P1, avoiding the need for disorder description. One of the ordered guest molecules is connected by H‐bonds to a water molecule and a host molecule. The other guest molecule has the role of filling space. The distinction between the structures in the two space groups is discussed from a crystallographic and from chemical interactions point of view. The crystal structure at low temperature justifies the chemical arguments regarding the true space group.
Embedding learning goals into secondary literacy curriculum: Assessing and implementing teachers' feedback
Authors: Crisco Virginia , Porterfield Anne
Published: November 2022

Focusing on a large study of the implementation of secondary English Language Arts curriculum in California and Washington, we assess how teachers use learning goals to support students developing expert learning practices. Highlighting the value of goal setting to support students' agency in learning to write, we describe teachers' reasons for not teaching these strategies more than any other aspect of the curriculum, as well as highlight the strategies of teachers who made learning goals meaningful. We ultimately offer the cycle for cultivating expert learners as a possible solution for professional development to better support goal setting through curricular planning.