bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of various cardiovascular risk factors on oxidative stress markers in post menopausal women
Authors: Tripathy Subrat Kumar , Mishra Pramila Kumari
Published: June 2017

Background: The objectives was to study the association between oxidative stress and various cardiovascular risk factors individually and also there cumulative effect in post-menopausal women.Methods: 50 postmenopausal women with cardiovascular risk factors like hyperglycemia, hypertension, high Body Mass Index and Hyperlipidaemia were selected and burden of various cardiovascular risk factors in them is noted and also compared with 50 age matched apparently healthy post menopausal controls. Malon-di-aldehyde (MDA), vitaminE and vitamin C were taken to assess oxidative stress status. ANOVA was applied to find the effect of individual risk factor on oxidative stress and Student’s t-test was applied to compare between cases with single risk factors and multiple risk factors.Results: It was found that though all cardiovascular risk factors increase oxidative stress significantly but none of them has significant association in comparison to others (F value 0.37, 0.88 and 0.62 for MDA, vitamin E and C respectively). However, MDA value found in cases with multiple risk factors when compared with that of cases with single risk factor was found to be statistically significant (P <0.001). Similarly, the decrease in vitamin E in cases with multiple risk factors when compared with single risk factor cases was found to be significant. (P <0.01) and vitamin C in women with multiple risk factors was decreased in comparison to women with a single risk factor and was significant (P <0.001).Conclusions: The study shows that all the risk factors are equally responsible for increase in oxidative stress and multiple risk factors increase the oxidative stress significantly in comparison to any single risk factor.
A study of the neuroprotective role of Punica granatum and rosuvastatin in scopolamine induced cognitive deficit in rats
Authors: Fatima Fariha , Rizvi Dilshad A. , Abidi Afroz , Ahmad Ali , Shukla Pooja , Qadeer Fardan , Srivastava Karan
Published: June 2017

Background: The present work has been planned to find out the effect of Punica granatum and Rosuvastatin on learning and memory in Scopolamine induced cognitive deficits in rats. Scopolamine being an anticholinergic agent is used fervently in experimental models for memory deficits and has been widely implicated for the screening of cognitive dysfunction. Punica granatum (Pomegranate) has shown to suppress tumor neuronal cells, hence it can be a potential agent in providing neuroprotection for preventing the development and progression of AD. There are conflicting reports indicating the role of statins as a neuroprotective agent. This contradiction led us to investigate the effect of the role of Rosuvastatin on memory. The test agents were further compared to the standard treatment group acetylcholinesterase inhibitor i.e. Donepezil.Methods: Male wistar rats 150-200gms were divided into 4 groups of 6 rats each. Amnesia was induced by scopolamine 3mg/kg ip at day 5 in all the groups. Group1 (amnesic control) given distilled water; group 2(standard treatment i.e. Donepezil 0.5mg/kg orally); group 3(Rosuvastatin group10mg/kg orally); group 4 (Punica granatum juice 500mg/kg orally) The methods for validating cognition deficits were behavioural tests like Cook’s pole response and Passive Avoidance response.Results: It was evident from our research that the Punica granatum juice and Rosuvastatin effectively antagonized the scopolamine induced cognitive impairment in the paradigms studied. The neuroprotective effect of Punica granatum juice was better as compared to the Rosuvastatin group and the effects of the former were comparable with the standard treatment i.e. Donepezil group.Conclusions: Punica granatum has a remarkable protective role in memory function, learning, cognition and behavior in Scopolamine induced amnesia model of Alzheimer’s disease which was better than Rosuvastatin treatment.
A prospective study of lornoxicam as pre-emptive analgesic in abdominal surgeries in tertiary care hospital in Salem, India
Authors: Sarkhil Mohammed Ziauddin , Dutt Hemant Kumar , S. Rajaram
Published: June 2017

Background: Preemptive analgesia, involves the introduction of an analgesic regimen before the onset of noxious stimuli, with the goal of preventing sensitization of the nervous system to subsequent stimuli that could amplify pain.Methods: To determine the efficacy and safety of Lornoxicam when administered preemptively by using Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating scale. The patients undergoing abdominal surgery were randomly categorized into group A and B of 25 each. Group A- Received Lornoxicam 8mg (1ml) one hour before surgery. Group B- Not received any analgesic before surgery. Primary measurement of the efficacy was done by using Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale at 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 hour. All parameters were analyzed by using student t test.Results: Surgeries which were included in the study are hernia repair, open appendectomy, laparoscopic (appendectomy, cholecystectomy). Reduction in pain scores at 12th hourly and 24th hourly pain scores (<0.05) was significant. Tramadol usage decreased significantly with laparoscopic surgeries.Conclusions: In this study we could demonstrate that lornoxicam when used preemptively reduces the pain score slightly and reduces the requirement of post-operative analgesics significantly.
Drug promotional literature: Does pharmaceutical industry follow WHO guidelines?
Authors: Sonwane Priyanka G. , Karve Ashwini V.
Published: June 2017

Background: Promotional literature is an important tool for both pharmaceutical industry (marketing strategy) and physicians (up to date knowledge). Important ways of doing drug promotion are visual aids, leave behind, flip charts. World Health Organisation has laid down criteria for drug promotional literature.Methods: A cross sectional observational study was performed in Department of Pharmacology, Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital of Mumbai. Total 137 drug promotional Literatures were randomly collected from different outpatient departments out of which 37 were excluded. 100 drug promotional literatures were evaluated by using WHO guidelines.Results: None of drug promotional literature fulfilled all WHO criteria. Though name of the active ingredient and brand name featured in 100% of the literature, 69% of them lacked information related to adverse drug reactions, precautions, contraindications and warnings. The approved therapeutic uses were mentioned in 96% but the dosage regimen in 38% only. Majority of the literature (80%) did not mention the drug interactions. References were given in 76% of the literature of which 87% were from journal article.Conclusions: Pharmaceutical industries do not follow WHO guidelines in toto to promote their product. Thus more strict regulations need to be implemented for proper promotion and dissemination of information about new drugs.
Allopurinol causing generalized exfoliative dermatitis: a case report
Authors: Htay Mila Nu Nu , Myint Wai Wai , Lwin Htay , Htay Win
Published: June 2017

Erythroderma is a scaly, erythematous dermatitis of the skin, which occurs in drug allergy, malignancy and underlying skin disorders. The diagnosis is challenging because the extent of skin involvement does not always correlate with the extent of internal organ involvement. Therefore, early recognition of symptoms is vital to minimize morbidity and mortality. Case report: A 52 years old man had asymptomatic hyperuricemia and prescribed allopurinol 300mg, daily. One month later, the rashes started to appear on his trunk and then progressed to the face and upper limbs. Then it continued to spread to the lower extremities. Management involves prompt cessation of the culprit drug, administration of corticosteroids and supportive treatment. It is Concluded that Allopurinol is commonly used in clinical practice for the treatment of symptomatic hyperuricemia and gout. It has been associated with erythroderma especially when used indiscriminately.
A case report of ofloxacin induced fixed drug eruptions and hypersensitivity reaction
Authors: Kamal Ashraffunnissa Fatima Farheen , Vardhamane Shrenik H. , Saba Amreen
Published: June 2017

Ofloxacin is the most commonly used first generation fluoroquinolones. Its activity against gram negative organisms lie between Norfloxacin and Ciprofloxacin. It is used for treating infections like UTI, gastroenteritis etc. It is generally well tolerated, gastric upset is the most common adverse effect. However very few cases of Fixed Drug Eruptions have been reported. Here we report a case of a 16year old female patient who developed redness and rashes all over body along with nausea, vomiting, dizziness, palpitations, blurring of vision, headache and loss of consciousness after receiving Tab ofloxacin 200mg for gastroenteritis. Signs and symptoms subsided within 24 hrs after the drug was stopped and supportive treatment like IV fluids along with dexamethasone was given. Ofloxacin was strongly suspected as the causal drug for the hypersensitivity reaction as the subject had a history of allergic reaction to the same in the past. Early detection of cutaneous lesions and immediate withdrawal of the offending drug can prevent progression of such reactions to their severe variants as well as morbidity and mortality.
Study of the changing trends in place of delivery in rural women in relation to pre and post NRHM period in Paithan, Aurangabad, Maharashtra
Authors: Pund Sandeep B. , Kuril Bina M. , Doibale Mohan K. , Ankushe Rajendra T. , Kumar Purushottam , Siddiqui Nafeha
Published: June 2017

Background: Maternal health reflects the overall effectiveness of the health system of any country. One strategy for reducing maternal mortality and morbidity is ensuring that every baby is delivered in an institution. Government of India has launched various health schemes under the umbrella of National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) to promote institutional deliveries. Thus this study was conducted to study the changing trends in place of delivery in rural women in relation to NRHM.Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted in the field practice area of rural health training center (RHTC), Paithan, Dist. Aurangabad during the period of 1st October 2015 to 31st March 2016. All the villages under two sub-centers of one PHC under the RHTC were selected for the study. All women above 18 years of age who delivered at least once between 1st January 2001 to 31st December 2015, were interviewed for their place of delivery.Results: Institutional deliveries increased from 47.06% to 93.65% in 2001 to 2015. The odds for institutional deliveries in the post NRHM period were seen to vary in the 1st 5 years of NRHM and the next 5 years. In 2006-10, odds of institutional deliveries were 2.44 times more, whereas in 2011-15 the odds were 8.99 times more than the pre-NRHM period. The overall odds of institutional delivery in the post-NRHM period were 4.1 times more than the pre-NRHM period.Conclusions: Increasing trends of institutional deliveries and decreasing trends of home deliveries was observed from 2001 to 2015. Increase in deliveries was seen in both government as well as private hospitals. Institutional deliveries have increased rapidly since the implementation of NRHM with 4.1 times more chance of institutional deliveries in the post-NRHM period.
Assessing the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus among medical students in Chennai using Indian diabetes risk score
Authors: S. Gopalakrishnan , R. Rama , M. Muthulakshmi
Published: June 2017

Background: Prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus [T2DM] is becoming alarmingly high among younger age groups impacting on their physical, mental, social and academic wellbeing and therefore warrants early detection and prevention. The Indian diabetes risk score [IDRS] is an efficient screening tool to detect the high risk individuals at an early stage. Objective of this study is to assess the level of risk of developing T2DM among medical students using the IDRS.Methods: This cross sectional study was done using the MDRF-IDR Score to identify the ‘at risk’ medical students. Simple random sampling was used and data collected from among the 251 willing students. Their risk score was calculated using a structured questionnaire. Data was analysed using SPSS Ver.15 software.Results: This study shows that about 57.4% are moderately at risk and 2% are at high risk for developing diabetes mellitus. About 86.1% medical students belonged to nuclear family, 42.6% had family history of diabetes mellitus, 76.5% carried out moderate physical activity and 50.2% were overweight / obese. Family history of diabetes, lack of physical activity and overweight / obesity were found to be potential risk factors for developing diabetes mellitus (p<0.0001).Conclusions: This study reveals that in the existing urban lifestyle, adolescents and youths are highly vulnerable to diabetes mellitus. Primordial and primary prevention are the most effective preventive measure and therefore, appropriate and stringent lifestyle modifications need to be implemented in order to minimize the risk of developing the disease later in life.
Survival outcome of neonates admitted at government and private neonatal intensive care units of Allahabad, India
Authors: Dwivedi Kriti , Prakash Shiv , Parveen Khurshid , Shaikh Shama
Published: June 2017

Background: The early neonatal period (birth to 7 days of life) is the most critical period of life. Usually, the lower the infant mortality, the greater of it is concentrated in neonatal period. The present study was carried out with the objectives to study the profile of sick neonates & compare their survival outcome admitted in Government and Private NICUs of Allahabad.Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted in the NICUs of Government & Private sector of comparable admission rates in Allahabad. The study was time bound conducted from September 2015-August 2016. The data were collected from the medical records of the admitted neonates.Results: There were a total of 1442 neonates admitted during the given time frame in both the Government and Private NICUs and 1409 were included in the study. The Government NICU had 63.21% admissions within 24 hour of birth more than Private NICUs (55.03%). The Private NICU had 36.58% neonates admitted within 1-7 day while Government sector had 29.88%. The Government NICU had 69.01% rural patients while Private NICU had 67.98% urban patients. The Government NICU received 57.63% outborn babies while Private NICU had more inborn babies (67.22%). The profile of sick neonates according to age at the time of admission, mode of admission and community in Government and Private NICUs differed significantly (p<0.05) while gender, gestational age and weight were not significantly different.Conclusions: The Government NICU had a survival outcome of 70.91% while Private NICU had 86.73% which was statistically significant.
A study to assess awareness about Janani Suraksha Yojana among beneficiaries of urban slums of Raipur city, Chhattisgarh
Authors: Khes Shanta P. , Sahu Divya , Soni G. P. , Chandrakar Aditi
Published: June 2017

Background: Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) under the overall umbrella of National Rural Health Mission has been launched from April 2005. The scheme replaces the National Maternity Benefit Scheme. It aims at increasing institutional delivery, thereby reducing maternal and neonatal mortality. The objectives of the study were to assess awareness regarding JSY and to assess role of factors contributing in awareness.Methods: A community based Cross-sectional observational study was conducted in urban slum of Raipur city among 384 mothers delivered within last one year. Study centre was Department of community medicine, Pt J.N.M. medical college Raipur, Chhattisgarh. The subjects were interviewed using a pre-designed and pre-tested questionnaire.Results: Majority of the study subjects were not aware about the services under JSY except for the monetary benefit. Though a very small proportion of beneficiaries know the name of the scheme, majority delivered in the health facility.Conclusions: To increase awareness regarding other components under JSY and to achieve 100% institutional delivery there is need to strengthen effective IEC along with active involvement of ASHA.
Impact of health education regarding personal hygiene and dietary habits on morbidity profile of students: an intervention study in a government secondary school in a slum area of Kolkata
Authors: Pal Jayita , Pal Arghya K.
Published: June 2017

Background: Most of the morbidities among school children are preventable by ensuring healthy practices regarding personal hygiene and diet. The current study aimed to assess effectiveness of a health education programme regarding personal hygiene and diet in improving the morbidity profile of the adolescent girls in an urban slum. Methods: A quasi experimental study was conducted in two Government secondary schools located in a slum area of Kolkata. The study consisted of three steps. First a baseline survey with the help of a predesigned pretested questionnaire and checklist was done to find out the socio-demographic information and existing knowledge, attitude, practice of personal hygiene and dietary habits of the students. Morbidity profile of the children was also assessed. This was followed by an intervention phase of 6 months during which weekly lecture and demonstration classes were taken in the study school. Second step was reassessment of morbidities by clinical examination at post intervention. Third step was to follow them for another 3 months to reassess their morbidities. Results: There was statistically significant decrease in the prevalence of morbidities in study school from the pre-test level to post-test level as compared to the control school, but the effect was not sustained at follow up as shown by increase in mean morbidity score at 9 months follow up than 6 months post-intervention level in the study school. Conclusions: Sustained behavioral change programme regarding proper practice of personal hygiene and diet could significantly decrease the prevalence of major morbidities encountered in adolescent girl students.
Coverage and compliance of mass drug administration against lymphatic filariasis in Kalaburgi district
Authors: Biradar Mallikarjun K. , Holyachi Sharankumar
Published: June 2017

Background: Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is endemic in 83 countries and territories, with more than a billion people at risk of infection. Filariasis has been a major public health problem in India next only to malaria. Study was done to assess coverage and compliance of mass drug administration (MDA) against lymphatic filariasis in Kalaburgi districts.Methods: This cross-sectional coverage evaluation survey was done in one urban and three rural clusters in district.The data was compiled, tabulated and analyzed using proportions.Results: A total of 791 subjects were interviewed, male subjects constituted about 47.7%. Majority of the subjects were in the age group of 16-60 years (69.9%), while only 3.2% were in <2years. 82.9% persons have received the drugs.  Out of the 530 persons who have received the drugs, 86.9% persons have consumed the drugs. Only 59.9% of study subjects consumed tablets in front of health workers. A total of 69 subjects have not consumed tablets, 20.3% said told fear of side reaction, and 20.3% subjects said they don’t have faith in tablet. Only 11 persons suffered from vomiting and nausea.Conclusions: There is an urgent need for more effective drug delivery strategies and also proper IEC should be done to educate and to improve the coverage and compliance in the districts.
Assessment of epidemiological determinants of obesity among nursing staff in a tertiary healthcare center in northern Maharashtra: a cross sectional study
Authors: Borde Anant N. , Kinge Amol D. , Bawa Mukesh , Pagar Vikrant , Vyas Parth
Published: June 2017

Background: Obesity is now-a-days is considered as diseases. India is currently experiencing rapid epidemiological transition. Doctors and nurses play a vital role in the health and welfare of the people of a nation. Health of the doctors and nurses is of paramount importance and they are also known to have a sedentary lifestyle with high levels of stress and their own health behaviours are known to influence the public's confidence in advice offered. The purpose of this study is to find out prevalence of obesity among nurses and to assess its epidemiological determinants. Methods: It was a cross sectional study done among 200 nursing staff working in a tertiary healthcare center in Northern Maharashtra between September 2016 to March 2017. Data regarding socio-demographic profile, complete lifestyle history and general and systemic examinations were gathered and analysed using appropriate methods. Results: Out of total 200 nurses enrolled for the study 24% were males and 76% were females. All the participants were between the age group of 20-60 years. About 13% had altered sleep pattern while 15.5% women had menstrual irregularities. Overall prevalence’s of underweight, overweight, obesity and morbidly obese were found to be 8%, 27%, 13% and 3.5% respectively. Conclusions: Based on findings of the present study, we conclude that total prevalence of malnutrition (under nutrition plus over nutrition) found in this study was 51.5% and it was found to be associated with various modifiable risk factors.
An epidemiological study of utilization of Rajiv Gandhi Jeevandayee Arogya Yojana in a municipal tertiary care hospital located in a metro city
Authors: A. Radhakrishnan , Bansode-Gokhe Seema S.
Published: June 2017

Background: Objective of the study was to study the epidemiological profile of study subjects benefited by Rajiv Gandhi Jeevandayee Arogya Yojana (RGJAY) and study the spectrum of surgical procedures/therapies/consultations. Methods: It was a hospital record –based retrospective cross sectional study. Approximately 7200 beneficiaries were enrolled in a year. This study was analyzed with 10% beneficiaries (730) data by the convenient purposeful sampling method. Data was analyzed by using SPSS 17 software. Results: The majority of the study subjects (34.7%) belonged to the age group of 40-59 years. The mean age was 38.6.More study subjects were males (55.1%). 99.9% of study subjects had come directly without any referral. 95.2% study subjects were orange ration card holders, 4.1% were yellow ration card holders.78.8% of study subjects got approval from RGJAY society, whereas pre authorization status was cancelled in13.6%.In total surgeries majority of the study subjects utilized orthopaedics surgery (16.3%).In total therapies majority utilized paediatric medical management (18.5%). In conservative management majority utilized cardiology (94.7%) and burns (5.2%). Conclusions: The majority of the study subjects belonged to the age group of 40-59 years. More were males. Majority had come directly without any referral. This reveals the increased awareness about RGJAY among people. This scheme is more utilized by orange ration card holders than yellow card holders. In total surgeries majority utilized orthopaedics surgery. In total therapies majority utilized paediatric medical management. In conservative management majority utilized cardiology and burns.
Profile of epilepsy in a tertiary care public sector hospital of western India
Authors: Gupta Anuj , Desai Chetna
Published: June 2017

Background: Epilepsy is characterised by recurrent seizures due to a chronic underlying process. Its prevalence in India is 6.24/1000 population. The study aims to evaluate the commonest types of and clinical characteristics of epilepsy, and pharmacological management in these patients. Furthermore to assess, whether these variables are in agreement with other local and international studies?Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was carried out in an epilepsy clinic of a public sector hospital in India for a period of nine months. The study analysed medical records of patients during the study period. Simple descriptive statistical tests (Mean and Standard deviation) were used to describe the numerical values of the sample while qualitative data were presented by frequency distribution.Results: A total 297 patients were enrolled, after informed consent. The male: female ratio was 1.94. The age ranged between six months and 12 years (mean±SD =6.2±2.9). Majority of patients had generalised tonic-clonic seizure (71.71%), followed by complex partial seizure (12.79%). 70.03% of our patients had idiopathic epilepsy. The commonest causes for symptomatic epilepsy were hypoxic ischaemic insult and CNS infections. Mental retardation and cerebral palsy were common comorbidities. Sodium valproate was the most commonly prescribed drug and 75.08% patients were on monotherapy.Conclusions: Seizure types, aetiology, drug therapy, comorbidities and outcome in a tertiary care hospital in India are similar to previous local and international studies. Preventable causes of epilepsy share a significant portion in the aetiology of the disease. Sodium valproate was seen to have more promising results in paediatric patients for generalized tonic clonic seizure.
A study on body image satisfaction, BMI status and dietary patterns among newly entrant girl students of Punjab Institute of Medical Sciences, Jalandhar
Authors: Sihag Rubel , Joshi Harshdeep
Published: June 2017

Background: Body image is the perception that a person has of their physical self but more importantly the thoughts and feelings the person experiences as a result of that perception. Individuals who perceive their body negatively may have low self-esteem, low satisfaction in life and feeling of inferiority and pose themselves at a higher risk of depression. The aims and objectives of the study were to determine body image satisfaction among newly entrant girl students of Punjab Institute of Medical Sciences and to study dietary pattern of newly entrant girl students of Punjab Institute of Medical Sciences and estimate their BMI status. Methods: This was a cross - sectional study conducted among 80 newly entrant college girls of Punjab Institute of Medical Sciences. Between ages group of 17- 19 years attending first professional. The study strategy employed was via questionnaires and interviews. Results: In the current study majority of the girls i.e. 52% were dissatisfied with their body appearance. The striking finding was that 97% of participants who were dissatisfied belonged to urban area whereas 44.4% of the participants who were happy with their body image belonged to rural area and this difference was statistically significant (p<0.001). 89.7% girls despite having normal BMI were not satisfied with their body image where as 44.4% who had normal BMI were satisfied with their appearance. Conclusions: In the current study majority of the girls i.e. 52% were dissatisfied with their body appearance. Girls belonging to urban area had significantly higher body image dissatisfaction compared to girls from rural area.
Medico-social profile of male alcoholics in a north Indian city
Authors: Mukhopadhyay J.
Published: June 2017

Background:Alcohol Dependence has been posing an unprecedented public health challenge in recent years. Alcohol related morbidity and mortality has attained new zenith that merits attention. Considering the abominable effects of alcoholism, it was decided to study the medico-social profile of male alcoholics in an urban set-up to identify the risk factors and suggest preventive measures.Methods:60 subjects reporting to a de-addiction centre at a north Indian town for treatment were studied during September 2014-February 2015. All the individuals were satisfying the criteria of alcohol dependence as per diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorder. A pretested structured proforma was introduced to the consenting individuals, which included demographic details, personal and family history with details of physical and mental status examination. Data obtained was analysed and tabulated.Results:The mean age of the alcoholics seeking treatment was 37.86 years. Majority of them were married, middle school educated, employed urbanite, unskilled workers from lower middle class background. Mean ages of first alcoholic drink and first intoxication were 18.95 and 20.35 years respectively. Dependency developed at 28.60 years. Alcoholic father (65%) and brothers (31.67%) appeared tended the subjects towards alcohol. Financial stress and withdrawal problems mostly steered them to seek treatment. Epidemiological insight unveiled many risk factors like vulnerability of adolescents, male sex, nominal schooling, low socio-economic lineage, early employment, peer pressure, alcoholic father and siblings, financial stress and family discord.Conclusions:More community based studies are suggested to identify the community specific risk factors for alcoholism and recommend suitable preventive measures to abate alcoholism.
To study outcome of surgical management of distal 3rd and proximal 3rd fractures of tibia in adults using expert tibial nails
Authors: Kachhap N. D. , Kumar Amit , Kumar M. M. , Kumar Devendra , Kumar Birendra , Kumar Deepak
Published: June 2017

Background: Tibia is most commonly fractured long bone. Within few years population of India and number of vehicles has increased very much. This has lead to manifold increase in not only rate of tibia fracture but also in complexity of fracture. Using interlocking nail in tibial fracture with short proximal and distal fragment render it unstable leading to frequent loss of reduction causing malunion. Multidirectional interlocking screws ensure that alignment can be well maintained and stability preserved in short proximal or distal tibial segments.

Methods: A prospective, non randomized study was conducted comprising of 30 patients of proximal and distal 1/3rd fracture of tibia in, Department of Orthopaedics, Bokaro General Hospital. The method used for fracture fixation was open/closed reduction and internal fixation with expert tibial nail. The duration of study was June 2013 to June 2016. The data thus obtained was evaluated in terms of mode of injury, associated injury, fracture pattern, etc. Also outcome was measured and complication were evaluated and treated. Functional outcome was evaluated using hospital for special surgery (HSS) knee score.

Results: All 30 patient were followed up successfully during period of 3 years. The mean duration of radiological union in this study was 20.6 weeks, though it ranged from 18 to 26 weeks. 8 patients developed some complication in form of superficial infection, malunion etc but none of the patient had non-union of fractured bone. On the basis of hospital for special surgery (HSS) knee score13 patients had excellent results; 9 had good results, 05 had fair results and 3 had poor result. Mean HSS knee score was 82.3 (SD 15.3) after 3 years of follow up.

Conclusions: Expert tibial interlocking nail is good treatment option for distal and proximal 1/3 fracture of tibia especially in non intra-articular facture. It can be used in simple intra-articular fracture but additional hardware is required.
Hirayama disease: a rare neurological condition of cervical cord pathology
Authors: Palla Abhilash , K. Vinay Jain , L. Naveen Kumar , B. T. Rangaswamy
Published: June 2017

The disease is characterized by a progressive muscle weakness and wasting of distal upper limb muscles sparing brachioradialis. The pathology is in the lower cervical cord due to forward displacement of dural sac and spinal cord by neck flexion. Repeated neck flexion may result in ischemia of the lower cervical anterior horns. The diagnosis can be confirmed by MRI, EMG. It requires a high degree of suspicion in a young patient presenting with unilateral upper limb distal muscle weakness with no sensory involvement, as early diagnosis will help in preventing the progression of the disease by employing simple measures like usage of a cervical collar. We report a case of a 25 year old man presenting with progressive distal upper limb muscle wasting, on investigating further diagnosed to have Hirayama disease.
Teriparatide treatment in fracture non-union: a case report
Authors: Kundu Sujoy
Published: June 2017

Impaired healing of fractures delays the rehabilitation process, which in turn impacts quality of life. The associated costs cause an economic burden to both the society and the patients. Till date, no systemic treatment is approved for fracture healing. Teriparatide is a synthetic polypeptide hormone consisting of the 1–34 fragment of human parathyroid hormone. Apart from its recognized indication of osteoporosis, there is a growing body of evidence suggesting its ability to accelerate fracture healing and heal non-unions. The purpose of this case report is to elucidate the Indian experience of 5 cases of use of Teriparatide for fracture healing - delayed unions and non-unions and in the setting of osteoporotic fracture. The primary observation of our case report depicts that teriparatide is a viable therapy not only to treat osteoporosis but also to accelerate fracture healing. Teriparatide therapy accelerates healing, which allows patients to return to normal life and work faster, optimizes medical resource utilization, reduces chances for future second surgery, requirement of bone graft and overall chronic morbidity associated with long-term treatment. The advantages of teriparatide therapy are that it can be prescribed in any types of fractures, including those that will be treated non-surgically; it can be commenced at any time, and can be applied through the entire healing period. Our observations are in line with other studies showing the effects of Teriparatide on delayed union and non-unions in human subjects.
Secondary xylary features in proving truth/falsity of an alibi: examples of three important Indian commercial woods
Authors: More Sandip , Paruya Dipak Kumar , Bera Subir
Published: June 2017

Secondary xylary characters of wood are useful to identify a wood up to its generic or specific level and thus may prove or disprove the alibi of the retailers i.e., a wood is genuine or not. In the present study, 26 wood samples were collected from the local markets of Baruipur, Sealdah and Garia in Kolkata, West Bengal. Among them, 8 were sold as ‘Sandal wood’ (Santalum album), 4 as ‘Red Sanders’ (Pterocarpus santalinus) and 14 as ‘Sal wood’ (Shorea robusta). Results indicate that xylotomical features of most of the collected ‘sandal wood’ and ‘red sander’ samples did not match with the reference Santalum album and Pterocarpus santalinus samples whereas most of the collected ‘Sal wood’ samples from furniture shops matched with the reference samples of Shorea robusta. Present study successfully indicates that xylotomical investigations of commercial wood may establish the authenticity of wood of commerce.
El Griphus Ternarii Numeri de Ausonio: ¿juego retórico o miscelánea gnóstico-neoplatónica?
Authors: Pégolo Liliana
Published: June 2017

El Griphus Ternarii Numeri, de Décimo Ausonio (s. iv d. C.), es un poema breve que se inserta en el espíritu de su época, atravesada por corrientes gnósticas y neoplatónicas. A partir de estas afirmaciones, el objetivo del análisis se orientará a dirimir los límites temáticos e ideológicos de este lusus retórico, en consonancia con un conjunto heterogéneo de ideas filosóficas en las que el neoplatonismo participa y que la propia Iglesia cristiana no puede soslayar al debatir el concepto trinitario.
Efficient determination and pesticide control by means of immobilization of acetylcholinesterase
Authors: Hasanoğlu Özkan Elvan , Kurnaz Yetim Nurdan , Gümüş Murat , Sarı Nurşen , Dişli Ali
Published: June 2017

Supports involving tetrazole (o/m/p-F-Tet-1H) were prepared to detect pesticides. This novel te-trazole including fluorine in different positions was attached to nanoparticles (2AEPS-(o/m/p-F-Tet-1H)) by a condensation method. Primarily, the tetrazole derivatives were characterized by 1H-NMR,13C-NMR and LC-MS. Then, nanoparticles were prepared by a condensation method in non-aqueous medium and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, gel permeation chromatography. The enzymatic properties of immobilized acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were investigated for the determination of phosmet. This research is the first example.
Microbiological safety of a small water distribution system: evaluating potentially pathogenic bacteria using advanced sequencing techniques
Authors: Batista A. M. M. , Meynet P. , Garcia G. P. P. , Costa S. A. V. , Araujo J. C. , Davenport R. J. , Werner D. , Mota Filho C. R.
Published: June 2017

This study evaluated the microbiological safety of the water distribution system of a city in the state of Minas Gerais (Brazil), population 120,000 inhabitants. During the study, the city suffered a severe drought that had a significant impact on water availability and quality in the river that supplies water to the city. Samples (2 liters) were collected from the distribution system over a period of six months, which included wet and dry months, from three points: the point with the lowest altitude in the distribution network, the farthest point from the water treatment works, and an intermediate point. Free chlorine was measured in situ using a Hach kit. DNA was extracted using a FastDNA Spin Kit Soil (Qbiogene). Advanced sequencing techniques (Ion Torrent) were used to identify and quantify the relative abundance of potentially pathogenic bacteria present in the samples. Coliforms and Escherichia coli, indicators currently used worldwide to assess microbiological safety of drinking water, were measured on all samples using an enzyme substrate method (ONPG-MUG Colilert®). Next generation sequencing results retrieved 16SrRNA sequences of E. coli and some potentially pathogenic bacteria, even in the presence of free chlorine. Operational taxonomic units related to pathogenic bacteria were present in all samples from the drinking water distribution system (DWS) and, in general, at high relative abundance (up to 5%). A total of 19 species related to bacterial pathogens were detected. Inadequate operational practices that could affect the microbiological safety of the DWS were identified and discussed. The current paper is the first to evaluate the community of potentially pathogenic bacteria in a real DWS.
Continuous biosorption of nickel from aqueous solution using Chrysanthemum indicum derived biochar in a fixed-bed column
Authors: Vilvanathan Sowmya , Shanthakumar S.
Published: June 2017

The biosorption capability of Chrysanthemum indicum to remove nickel ions from aqueous solution in a fixed-bed column was examined in this study. Native C. indicum flower waste was improved for its biosorptive potential by pyrolysis to obtain its biochar form and, thereby, both raw (CIF-R) and biochar (CIF-BC) forms of the flower were used for Ni(II) removal. Fixed bed column studies were conducted to examine the influence of bed height (1.0–3.0 cm), flow rate (1.0–5.0 mL min−1) and initial metal ion concentration (25–75 mg L−1). The breakthrough curves (Cout/Cin vs time) were modelled using different dynamic adsorption models, viz. Adams-Bohart, Thomas and Yoon-Nelson model. Interpretation of the data revealed a favorable correlation with the Thomas model with higher R2 values and closer model-predicted and experimental biosorption capacity values. The equilibrium uptake capacity of CIF-R and CIF-BC for Ni(II) were found to be 14.02 and 29.44 mg g−1, respectively. Further, the column was regenerated using HCl as eluent, to desorb the adsorbed Ni(II) ions. The experimental results implied and affirmed the suitability of the biosorbents for nickel ion biosorption with its nature being favorable, efficient, and environmentally friendly.
Enhanced flux performance of polyamide composite membranes prepared via interfacial polymerization assisted with ethyl formate
Authors: Liu Zhaofeng , Zhu Guiru , Wei Yulin , Zhang Dapeng , Jiang Lei , Wang Haizeng , Gao Congjie
Published: June 2017

A novel thin film composite (TFC) polyamide reverse osmosis membrane was prepared via the interfacial polymerization of m-phenylene diamine (MPD) in aqueous phase and 1,3,5-trimesoyl chloride (TMC) in organic phase on a polysulfone ultrafiltration support by assisting with ethyl formate as a co-solvent added in the organic phase. The ethyl formate added in the organic phase is intended to form a narrow miscibility zone, which leads to the thicker reaction zone. The multi-layered loose polyamide structure with larger pore size was formed due to the thicker reaction zone and lower content of MPD. The enhanced hydrophilicity of the membrane was proved by the decreased water contact angle. Water flux was measured at 1.6 MPa with 2,000 ppm NaCl aqueous solution. Compared to the TFC membrane prepared without ethyl formate, the water flux across the TFC membrane with ethyl formate in the organic phase increased with the increased ethyl formate content (from 23 to 45 L/(m2 h)) and the salt rejection remained at a high level (>90%). The ethyl formate can be used as a co-solvent to effectively enhance the performance of the TFC membrane.
CUSTODIAM PRAESTARE - EWOLUCJA ZOBOWIĄZANIA DO STRZEŻENIA RZECZY W PRAWIE RZYMSKIM
Authors: Kordasiewicz Stanisław
Published: June 2017

‘Custodiam praestare’ - The Evolution of an Obligation to Guarantee the Safekeeping of an Object in the Roman LawSummaryThis article focuses on the evolution of an obligation to guarantee the safekeeping o f an object (custodiam praestare). This kind of a duty arose in all contracts in which the debtor received things for his own interest. The limits of liability were discussed by the earlier jurists (veteres) in the contract of loan for use (commodatum). In the first analyzed text (D. 13,6,5,6) the problem concerned the necessity of safekeeping of a slave loaned for use; the second case (D. 13,6,5,9) discussed the duty of safekeeping of a thing accompanying the main object of a contract. The argumentation adopted by the veteres proves that already for the early jurists the very obligation to keep safe o f an object in commodatum was unquestionable: they were rather to decide arising troublesome controversies.The meaning of custodiam praestare as an obligation to guarantee the safekeeping of an object and the problem when such an obligation arose was analyzed by Gaius in his commentary to the provincial edict (D. 19,2,40 and D. 4,9,5 pr.). The jurist laid down that the duty to keep an object safe is not a principal obligation in agreements contracted with the seamen, inn- and stable-keepers, they were liable for the safekeeping in the same way as fullers and tailors. The obligation custodiam praestare in case of fullo and sarcinator was clarified in Gaius’ Institutiones (G. 3,205­ -207): a party was liable for safekeeping of an object, when it received the object for its own interest.Custodiam praestare evolved by way of an interpretation o f the term custodia. The first concept of liability for safekeeping of an object was restricted to theft (D. 13,6,19) and it did not include damage induced by a third party. Subsequently, Marcellus introduced a wider interpretation of safekeeping: a party would be liable for not returning the object kept, as long as the activity of custodia would have been enough to avoid an unlawful damage (D. 19,2,41).This understanding broadened the limits of liability: eventually, towards the end of the classical period custodia apparently covered every loss but for the case of force majeure (D. 13,7,13,1). In the postclassical period there seems to have occurred a change in the regime of custodia liability. M any a text brings a new formulation: instead of custodiam praestare we find the expression diligentia in custodiendo, thus one could think that this kind of liability was then based on negligence. Nevertheless, this terminological alteration did not affect the limits of liability. The person under the obligation to keep an object safe remained liable for the loss thereof and could only be exonerated by proving that the loss was due to vis maior (D. 18,6,2,1).
DZIAŁALNOŚĆ GOSPODARCZA ORGANIZACJI POŻYTKU PUBLICZNEGO
Authors: Trzaskowski Roman
Published: June 2017

Commercial Activity of Nonprofit OrganizationsSummaryThe issue of the economic activity of nonprofit organizations is highly controversial in Poland. Some scholars argue that this sort o f activity should not be opened for the third sector organizations at all because in practice it often dom inates over the statutory activity, constitutes the fields of abuses and casts shadow on the good reputation of the sector. The others believe that the non governmental organizations should have the possibility to engage in business activities subject to certain conditions. The second position has been accepted by the Polish legislator in the recent law on the public utility activity and voluntarism from June 23th, 2003.The law provides for a relatively detailed and interesting regulation of the economic activity of so called public utility organizations, that is the organizations which - because of their public utility character - are treated in a very favorable manner by the legislator (e.g. from the perspective of tax law). The legislator distinguishes between business activity, paid and free public utility activity (art. 6-10). The difference between a business activity and a paid public utility activity depends on the level of the fee charged for the goods or services. If the fee is not intended to generate net income but only to cover the direct costs of the goods or services provided by the organization, then in principle it is „a paid public utility activity”. This activity may constitute the statutory activity of a public utility organization. However the legislator has also decided, that „a paid public utility activity” constitutes a business activity in a case where the payment of the natural persons employed by the organization exceeds 150% of the average payment. As to the business activity, the legislator has decided that the business activity of the public utility organization has to serve its statutory goals (art. 20 p. 4). It means that this activity may only have a subsidiary character and may not constitute a main statutory activity of the organization.
ABUSUS IURIS A NADUŻYCIE PRAWA
Authors: Giaro Tomasz
Published: June 2017

ABUSUS IURIS A NADUŻYCIE PRAWA
Edward Szymoszek, Ireneusz Żeber , Prawo rzymskie, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego, Wrocław 2005, ss. 119
Authors: Palmirski Tomasz
Published: June 2017

Edward Szymoszek, Ireneusz Żeber , Prawo rzymskie, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego, Wrocław 2005, ss. 119
‘CUIUS REGIO EIUS RELIGIO?’ - ZJAZD HISTORYKÓW PAŃSTWA I PRAWA, LUBLIN 22-24 WRZEŚNIA 2006 ROKU
Authors: Loska Elżbieta
Published: June 2017

‘CUIUS REGIO EIUS RELIGIO?’ - ZJAZD HISTORYKÓW PAŃSTWA I PRAWA, LUBLIN 22-24 WRZEŚNIA 2006 ROKU
LIKWIDACJA GMINNEJ SZKOŁY SAMORZĄDOWEJ - WYBRANE PROBLEMY PRAWNE
Authors: Czuba-Wąsowska Magdalena
Published: June 2017

A Liquidation of a Municipal School. Selected Legal AspectsSummaryThe main idea of the article concerns legal issues connected with the liquidation process of a school the founding body of which is a local government. This inter alia includes theoretical issues conceming self governing powers of a local government, a subsidiary rule, as well as theoretical and practical aspects of a supervision over a local government. The idea of a school conducted by a local government and its liquidation is explained in detail, including adoption of a resolution on liquidation, notification of an intention to liquidatethe school addressed to the bodies specified by the statute, the opinion of a school supervising authority, as well as adoption of a final resolution on liquidation (in case of obtaining permission from the school supervising authority). The article also covers a number of judicialdecisions, including most recent verdicts on this matter. The article presents conclusions de lege lata and de lege ferenda concerning actions to be undertaken in the process of the liquidation, as well as the duties of a local government body which conducts the school in respect of protecting constitutional rights of the pupils from the liquidated school.