bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phasor histone FLIM-FRET microscopy quantifies spatiotemporal rearrangement of chromatin architecture during the DNA damage response
Authors: Lou Jieqiong , Scipioni Lorenzo , Wright Belinda K. , Bartolec Tara K. , Zhang Jessie , Masamsetti V. Pragathi , Gaus Katharina , Gratton Enrico , Cesare Anthony J. , Hinde Elizabeth
Published: September 2018

To investigate how chromatin architecture is spatiotemporally organised at a double strand break (DSB) repair locus, we established a biophysical method to quantify chromatin compaction at the nucleosome level during the DNA damage response (DDR). The method is based on phasor image correlation spectroscopy (ICS) of histone FLIM-FRET microscopy data acquired in live cells co-expressing H2B-eGFP and H2B-mCherry. This multiplexed approach generates spatiotemporal maps of nuclear-wide chromatin compaction that when coupled with laser micro-irradiation induced DSBs, quantify the size, stability, and spacing between compact chromatin foci throughout the DDR. Using this technology, we identify that ATM and RNF8 regulate rapid chromatin decompaction at DSBs and formation of a compact chromatin ring surrounding the repair locus. This chromatin architecture serves to demarcate the repair locus from the surrounding nuclear environment and modulate 53BP1 mobility.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT

Chromatin dynamics play a central role in the DNA damage response (DDR). A long-standing obstacle in the DDR field was the lack of technology capable of visualising chromatin dynamics at double strand break (DSB) sites. Here we describe novel biophysical methods that quantify spatiotemporal chromatin compaction dynamics in living cells. Using these novel tools, we identify how chromatin architecture is reorganised at a DSB locus to enable repair factor access and demarcate the lesion from the surrounding nuclear environment. Further, we identify novel regulatory roles for key DDR enzymes in this process. Finally, we demonstrate method utility with physical, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of the chromatin environment, identifying method potential for use in future studies of chromatin biology.
Rewiring of RSK-PDZ interactions by linear motif phosphorylation
Authors: Gogl Gergo , Biri-Kovacs Beata , Durbesson Fabien , Jane Pau , Nomine Yves , Kostmann Camille , Bilics Viktoria , Simon Marton , Remenyi Attila , Vincentelli Renaud , Trave Gilles , Nyitray Laszlo
Published: September 2018

Protein phosphorylation is a key regulator of protein-protein interactions. How does the interactome of a protein change during extracellular stimulations? While many individual examples of phosphorylation-regulated interactions were described previously, studies addressing the interactome changes induced by a particular phosphorylation event remain scarce. Here, we try to answer this question, by focusing on interactions between a phosphorylable PDZ-binding linear motif and the entire complement of human PDZ domains. Using a combination ofin vitroquantitative techniques and cell-based approaches, we demonstrate that the activation of the mitotic effector kinase RSK1 causes dramatic changes in its connectivity with PDZ domain containing proteins. These changes consist of modulations of the binding affinity of numerous interactions, rather than on/off switching of a few interactions. Our results highlight the previously unappreciated role of phosphorylation in the complex and subtle rewiring of large numbers of protein-protein interactions.
From powerhouse to processing plant: conserved roles of mitochondrial outer membrane proteins in tRNA splicing
Authors: Wan Yao , Hopper Anita K.
Published: September 2018

The mitochondrial cytoplasmic surface serves as a processing site for numerous RNAs from budding yeast to metazoans. We report that budding yeast mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM) proteins that are subunits of the translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane (Tom70 and Tom 22) and sorting and assembly machinery (Sam37) are required for efficient pretransfer RNA (pre-tRNA) splicing. Defective pre-tRNA splicing in MOM mutants is due not to loss of respiratory metabolism but instead inefficient targeting/tethering of tRNA splicing endonuclease (SEN) subunits to mitochondria. Schizosaccharomyces pombe SEN subunits also localize to mitochondria, and Tom70 is required for this localization and pre-tRNA splicing. Thus, the role of MOM protein in targeting/tethering SEN subunits to mitochondria has been conserved for >500 million years.
Automated Construction of High-Density Comparative Maps Between Rat, Human, and Mouse
Authors: Kwitek Anne E. , Tonellato Peter J. , Chen Dan , Gullings-Handley Jo , Cheng Yongjian Samuel , Twigger Simon , Scheetz Todd E. , Casavant Thomas L. , Stoll Monika , Nobrega Marcelo A. , Shiozawa Masahide , Soares M. Bento , Sheffield Val C. , Jacob Howard J.
Published: September 2018

Animal models have been used primarily as surrogates for humans, having similar disease-based phenotypes. Genomic organization also tends to be conserved between species, leading to the generation of comparative genome maps. The emergence of radiation hybrid (RH) maps, coupled with the large numbers of available Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs), has revolutionized the way comparative maps can be built. We used publicly available rat, mouse, and human data to identify genes and ESTs with interspecies sequence identity (homology), identified their UniGene relationships, and incorporated their RH map positions to build integrated comparative maps with >2100 homologous UniGenes mapped in more than one species (∼6% of all mammalian genes). The generation of these maps is iterative and labor intensive; therefore, we developed a series of computer tools (not described here) based on our algorithm that identifies anchors between species and produces printable and on-line clickable comparative maps that link to a wide variety of useful tools and databases. The maps were constructed using sequence-based comparisons, thus creating “hooks” for further sequence-based annotation of human, mouse, and rat sequences. Currently, this map enables investigators to link the physiology of the rat with the genetics of the mouse and the clinical significance of the human.
Crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of (E)-1-(3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(5-methylfuran-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one
Authors: Sreenatha N. R. , Lakshminarayana B. N. , Ganesha D. P. , Gnanendra C. R.
Published: September 2018

The title chalcone derivative, C14H10Cl2O3, is almost planar, with a dihedral angle of 7.0 (2) ° between the 3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxyphenyl and 5-methylfuran rings. There is an intramolecular O—H...O hydrogen bond present forming anS(6) ring motif. In the crystal, molecules are linked by bifurcated C—H/H...O hydrogen bonds, enclosing anR12(6) ring motif, forming a 21helix propagating along theb-axis direction. The intermolecular interactions were quantified using Hirshfeld surface analysis.
Do instrumental and symbolic factors interact in influencing employer attractiveness and job pursuit intention?
Authors: Kumari Shweta , Saini Gordhan K.
Published: September 2018

Purpose

The changing demographics of talent market calls for a better understanding of the expectations of diverse job seekers. However, there is limited research on employer attractiveness (EA) factors which cover the expectations of new generation job seekers. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of career growth opportunities (CGO), work–life benefits (WLB) and corporate social responsibility (CSR) reputation on the perceived attractiveness of an organization as an employer and the job pursuit intention (JPI) of job seekers.

Design/methodology/approach

A 2 (CGO: many vs limited)×2 (WLB: many vs limited)×2 (CSR reputation: high vs low) between-subjects experimental design was used for this study. A total of 240 respondents participated in the study.

Findings

The results showed that provision of CGO had the highest effect on both EA and JPI. This effect was strong enough to compensate for limited WLB and a low CSR reputation. A significant interaction effect between CGO and CSR reputation revealed that the effect of CSR reputation on EA depends on the availability of many or limited CGO.

Originality/value

The study contributes and expands literature on attributes relevant in job choice decisions by providing useful insights regarding how job seekers weigh these attributes while making an employment choice. Also, the study offers suggestions for designing organizations’ recruitment strategy for attracting talent.
Analytical determination of speed-torque and speed-current curves of single-cage induction motor under supply voltage and frequency variations
Authors: Aree Pichai
Published: September 2018

Purpose

An important characteristic of most induction motors is speed- or slip-torque curve. A simplified Kloss formula is widely used for describing speed-torque characteristic because it is fairly simple. Only two parameters related to break-down torque and break-down slip are regarded as input parameters. Because this simplified formula ignores an unknown parameter that is a ratio between Thevenin’s and rotor resistances, an accurate torque curve characteristic may not be fully obtained over an entire speed range. Moreover, the conventional Kloss formula does not offer a speed-torque curve calculation when motor’s supply voltages and frequencies are deviated from rated values. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to present an extension of Kloss formula, which allows a more precise estimation of speed-torque and speed-current curves of single-cage three-phase induction motors over a wide range of speeds at different motor’s operating voltages, frequencies and rotor-circuit resistances.

Design/methodology/approach

The analytical approach is mainly used for determining all key parameters in the Kloss formula using a known set of data such as rated torque, starting torque, break-down torque and rated speed, in which they can be obtained from motor’s manufacturer.

Findings

The speed-torque and speed-current curves taken from laboratory measurements are compared with those from the calculations. Good agreements between them are fully observed.

Originality/value

This analytical approach is useful in providing an accurate speed-torque and speed-current curves required for most steady-state analysis.
Risk-aware decision support with constrained goal models
Authors: Argyropoulos Nikolaos , Angelopoulos Konstantinos , Mouratidis Haralambos , Fish Andrew
Published: September 2018

Purpose

The selection of security configurations for complex information systems is a cumbersome process. Decision-making regarding the choice of security countermeasures has to take into consideration a multitude of, often conflicting, functional and non-functional system goals. Therefore, a structured method to support crucial security decisions during a system’s design that can take account of risk whilst providing feedback on the optimal decisions within specific scenarios would be valuable.

Design/methodology/approach

Secure Tropos is a well-established security requirements engineering methodology, but it has no concepts of Risk, whilst Constrained Goal Models are an existing method to support relevant automated reasoning tasks. Hence we bridge these methods, by extending Secure Tropos to incorporate the concept of Risk, so that the elicitation and analysis of security requirements can be complimented by a systematic risk assessment process during a system’s design time and supporting the reasoning regarding the selection of optimal security configurations with respect to multiple system objectives and constraints, via constrained goal models.

Findings

As a means of conceptual evaluation, to give an idea of the applicability of the approach and to check if alterations may be desirable, a case study of its application to an e-government information system is presented. The proposed approach is able to generate security mechanism configurations for multiple optimisation scenarios that are provided, whilst there are limitations in terms of a natural trade-off of information levels of risk assessment that are required to be elicited.

Originality/value

The proposed approach adds additional value via its flexibility in permitting the consideration of different optimisation scenarios by prioritising different system goals and the automated reasoning support.
A model-based approach to support privacy compliance
Authors: Alshammari Majed , Simpson Andrew
Published: September 2018

Purpose

Concerns over data-processing activities that may lead to privacy violations or harms have motivated the development of legal frameworks and standards. Further, software engineers are increasingly expected to develop and maintain privacy-aware systems that both comply with such frameworks and standards and meet reasonable expectations of privacy. This paper aims to facilitate reasoning about privacy compliance, from legal frameworks and standards, with a view to providing necessary technical assurances.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors show how the standard extension mechanisms of the UML meta-model might be used to specify and represent data-processing activities in a way that is amenable to privacy compliance checking and assurance.

Findings

The authors demonstrate the usefulness and applicability of the extension mechanisms in specifying key aspects of privacy principles as assumptions and requirements, as well as in providing criteria for the evaluation of these aspects to assess whether the model meets these requirements.

Originality/value

First, the authors show how key aspects of abstract privacy principles can be modelled using stereotypes and tagged values as privacy assumptions and requirements. Second, the authors show how compliance with these principles can be assured via constraints that establish rules for the evaluation of these requirements.
A grounded theory approach to security policy elicitation
Authors: Foley Simon N. , Rooney Vivien
Published: September 2018

Purpose

In this paper, the authors consider how qualitative research techniques that are used in applied psychology to understand a person’s feelings and needs provides a means to elicit their security needs.

Design/methodology/approach

Recognizing that the codes uncovered during a grounded theory analysis of semi-structured interview data can be interpreted as policy attributes, the paper develops a grounded theory-based methodology that can be extended to elicit attribute-based access control style policies. In this methodology, user-participants are interviewed and machine learning is used to build a Bayesian network-based policy from the subsequent (grounded theory) analysis of the interview data.

Findings

Using a running example – based on a social psychology research study centered around photograph sharing – the paper demonstrates that in principle, qualitative research techniques can be used in a systematic manner to elicit security policy requirements.

Originality/value

While in principle qualitative research techniques can be used to elicit user requirements, the originality of this paper is a systematic methodology and its mapping into what is actionable, that is, providing a means to generate a machine-interpretable security policy at the end of the elicitation process.
Female labour force participation and economic development
Authors: Choudhry Misbah Tanveer , Elhorst Paul
Published: September 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to present a theoretical model, which is aggregated across individuals to analyse the labour force participation rate, and empirical results to provide evidence of a U-shaped relationship between women’s labour force participation and economic development.

Design/methodology/approach

The U-shaped relationship is investigated by employing a panel data approach of 40 countries around the world over the period 1960–2005. It is investigated whether the labour force behaviour of women in different age groups can be lumped together by considering ten different age groups.

Findings

The paper finds evidence in favour of the U-shaped relationship. For every age group and explanatory variable in the model, a particular point is found where the regime of falling participation rates changes into a regime of rising participation rates.

Research limitations/implications

To evaluate this relationship, microeconomic analysis with primary data can also provide significant insights.

Social implications

Every country can narrow the gap between the labour participation rates of men and women in the long term. Fertility decline, shifts of employment to services, part-time work, increased opportunities in education, and the capital-to-labour ratio as a measure for economic development are the key determinants.

Originality/value

In addition to the U-shaped relationship, considerable research has been carried out on demographic transition. This paper brings these two strands of literature together, by econometrically investigating the impact of demographic transition on female labour force participation given its U-shaped relation with economic development, i.e., turning points for different explanatory variables are calculated and their implications for economic growth are discussed.
Wage effects of labour market entry via temporary work agency employment
Authors: Buch Tanja , Niebuhr Annekatrin
Published: September 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether labour market entry via temporary work has any (persistent) effects on labour market outcomes.

Design/methodology/approach

Using unique data on several cohorts of graduates from the German apprenticeship system, the authors interpret labour market entry via temporary work agency (TWA) work as a treatment and apply propensity score matching and the control function approach to investigate corresponding effects.

Findings

The results indicate a pronounced wage gap but no significant wage disadvantage in the medium term for graduates who switch to regular employment. Nevertheless, approximately 30 per cent of the graduates do not manage to leave the temporary help sector and, as a result, suffer persistent wage penalties.

Originality/value

The numerous studies that investigate the consequences of TWA work on individual labour market performance have not considered the specific situation of young workers after graduation. The rapidly increasing percentage of TWA jobs and the above average share of young workers among temporary workers call for corresponding evidence.
Toward a maturity model for the application of social media in healthcare
Authors: Jami Pour Mona , Jafari Seyed Mohammadbagher
Published: September 2018

Purpose

The advent of new technologies and change of patients’ behavioral patterns have triggered the provision of medical services through social media. Although the intersection between social media and health has received considerable research attention, there is little research on how health institutions implement social media strategy; thus a roadmap is required to navigate these technological initiatives. So, the purpose of this paper is to overcome this challenge by developing the Health 2.0 maturity model in the healthcare field.

Design/methodology/approach

To obtain this aim, the mixed method was applied in this research. In the first step, qualitative research method was used. In this step, along with comprehensive literature review, semi-structured interviews were conducted with the healthcare professionals to find the practices and capabilities of Health 2.0. In the second step, the proposed key dimensions (KD) were assessed and prioritized based on the views of the healthcare professionals using the quantitative survey method. Finally, by considering the architecture of Health 2.0 maturity model, the KDs were assigned to maturity levels based on their priority of implementation using a focus group.

Findings

The proposed maturity model is composed of six KDs and five maturity levels based on the Capability Maturity Model Integration architecture. The KDs, as well as their implementation order and weights in the proposed maturity model are presented as a roadmap for applying Health 2.0 effectively.

Practical implications

Employing the Health 2.0 maturity model enables health institutions to assess the current social media capabilities and guide them to select appropriate strategies for progress. Due to the descriptive nature of the proposed model, it allows managers to conduct process-based assessments regarding health 2.0 implementation.

Originality/value

Health 2.0 has been a recurring theme on the agenda of healthcare institutions, but no sensitive tool is available to measure its growth processes. This paper explores the much ignored but critically important subject of Health 2.0 maturity model and its implementation roadmap. The main contribution of this paper is to introduce an integrated roadmap containing the most important capabilities of Health 2.0. The proposed model is both descriptive and prescriptive in nature, and has a significant theoretical contribution to healthcare studies. This paper provides a mechanism to benchmark Health 2.0 efforts and to develop a progressive strategy that would improve its activities.
Origin and phylogenetic relationships of [4Fe–4S]‐containing O2 sensors of bacteria
Authors: Barth C. , Weiss M. C. , Roettger M. , Martin W. F. , Unden G.
Published: September 2018

The advent of environmental O2 about 2.5 billion years ago forced microbes to metabolically adapt and to develop mechanisms for O2 sensing. Sensing of O2 by [4Fe–4S]2+ to [2Fe–2S]2+ cluster conversion represents an ancient mechanism that is used by FNREc (Escherichia coli), FNRBs (Bacillus subtilis), NreBSa (Staphylococcus aureus) and WhiB3Mt (Mycobacterium tuberculosis). The phylogenetic relationship of these sensors was investigated. FNREc homologues are restricted to the proteobacteria and a few representatives from other phyla. Homologues of FNRBs and NreBSa are located within the bacilli, of WhiB3 within the actinobacteria. Archaea contain no homologues. The data reveal no similarity between the FNREc, FNRBs, NreBSa and WhiB3 sensor families on the sequence and structural levels. These O2 sensor families arose independently in phyla that were already present at the time O2 appeared, their members were subsequently distributed by lateral gene transfer. The chemistry of [4Fe–4S] and [2Fe–2S] cluster formation and interconversion appears to be shared by the sensor protein families. The type of signal output is, however, family specific. The homologues of FNREc and NreBSa vary with regard to the number of Cys residues that coordinate the cluster. It is suggested that the variants derive from lateral gene transfer and gained other functions.
Acute‐on‐chronic liver failure exists in patients with hepatitis B virus‐related decompensated cirrhosis
Authors: Wang Shi Jin , Yin Shan , Gu Wen Yi , Zhang Yan , Li Hai
Published: September 2018

OBJECTIVE

This research sought to verify whether acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) develops in hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐related cirrhotic patients with previous decompensation and to identify the similarity between assumed ACLF patients and those with ACLF that developed from compensated cirrhosis.

METHODS

Patients with HBV‐related cirrhosis were retrospectively screened and divided into the cirrhotic patients with first acute decompensation (AD) group and those with previous decompensation. Patients’ characteristics, changes in laboratory results during hospitalization such as serum levels of total bilirubin (TB), creatinine (Cr) and white blood cell (WBC) counts, the Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score and the 28‐day and 1‐year mortality rates were compared.

RESULTS

Altogether 890 patients were enrolled and divided into the compensated cirrhotic group with first AD (n = 400; 157 of whom diagnosed as ACLF within 28 days after admission according to the European Association for the Study of the Liver‐Chronic Liver Failure [EASL‐CLIF] criteria) and those with previous decompensation (n = 490; of whom 143 met the ACLF criteria [assumed ACLF]). There was no significant difference in 28‐day mortality between the assumed ACLF group with previous decompensation and ACLF group with first AD. The WBC count, TB and Cr levels, international normalized ratio and MELD score exhibited similar variations in both groups at days 1, 7 and 28; however, these values in both ACLF groups significantly differed from the non‐ACLF group.

CONCLUSION

HBV‐related cirrhotic patients with previous decompensation who met the ACLF criteria had similar characteristic to ACLF patients with first AD.
Getting Beyond the Narratives: An Open Letter to the Activist Community
Authors: Greer John Michael
Published: September 2018

This is my response to a book, Globalize Liberation, edited by David Solnit and published in 2004. Media activists James John Bell and Patrick Reinsborough sent me a copy and asked for my thoughts about it; the result turned into an essay of some length, which got a certain amount of exposure and discussion online. Looking at the travails of progressive activism since its publication, I find very little that needs revision, except the tone of relative optimism expressed toward the end.
Role of corneal nerves in ocular surface homeostasis and disease
Authors: Labetoulle Marc , Baudouin Christophe , Calonge Margarita , Merayo‐Lloves Jesús , Boboridis Kostas G. , Akova Yonca A. , Aragona Pasquale , Geerling Gerd , Messmer Elisabeth M. , Benítez‐del‐Castillo José
Published: September 2018

Corneal nerves are key components of the physiological system that controls ocular surface homeostasis. The cornea is primarily innervated by the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerves (cranial nerve V), which distend bilaterally from the pons. The nasociliary branch (afferent) of the ophthalmic nerve is sensory for cornea, eyelid and conjunctiva. These nerve fibres play a role in sensing temperature, chemical and mechanical stimuli, and pain, whereas, branches of the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) contain motor nerves that control blinking and autonomic (sympathetic and a paucity of parasympathetic) fibres that stimulate tear production and secretion via feedback loops between the ocular surface, lacrimal glands and brain. Disruption of these nerves with interruption of neural feedback loops between the ocular surface and lacrimal glands can lead to corneal diseases such as dry eye disease (DED) and neurotrophic keratopathy (NK). Inversely, hypersensitivity of the nerve fibres and/or dysregulation of pain‐controlling nervous centres may lead to neuropathic pain. Recently, medications that specifically target regeneration of corneal nerves have started to become available – and considering the high prevalence of diseases associated with corneal nerve dysfunction, these agents promise to fulfil a hitherto important unmet need. In this review, we explore the physiology of corneal nerves, the pathology of corneal nerve diseases and how these relate to neuropathic pain, NK and DED. We also discuss what novel treatments may be useful against diseases involving corneal nerves.
The role of multimodal treatment in Crohn′s disease patients with perianal fistula: a multicentre retrospective cohort study
Authors: Sebastian Shaji , Black Christopher , Pugliese Daniela , Armuzzi Alessandro , Sahnan Kapil , Elkady Soad M. , Katsanos Kostas H. , Christodoulou Demitrios K. , Selinger Christian , Maconi Giovanni , Fearnhead Nicola S. , Kopylov Uri , Davidov Yana , Bosca‐Watts Marta M. , Ellul Pierre , Muscat Martina , Karmiris Konstantinos , Hart Ailsa L. , Danese Silvio , Ben‐Horin Shomron , Fiorino Gionata
Published: September 2018

Background

Treatment paradigms for Crohn′s disease with perianal fistulae (CD‐pAF) are evolving.

Aims

To study the impact of multimodality treatment in CD‐pAF on recurrence rates and the need for re‐interventions and to identify predictive factors for these outcomes.

Methods

This was a multinational multicentre retrospective cohort study. Multimodality approach was defined as using a combination of medical treatments (anti‐TNFs ± immunomodulators ± antibiotics) along with surgical approach (examination under anaesthesia (EUA) ± seton drainage) at diagnosis of CD‐pAF. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed for variables indicative of the need for reintervention.

Results

A total of 253 patients were included. 65% of patients received multimodality approach. Multimodality treatment resulted in complete fistula healing in 52% of patients. Re‐intervention was needed in 27% of patients with simple and in 40.3% of those with complex fistula. On multivariable analysis multimodality treatment (OR: 0.35, 95% CI: 0.17‐0.57, P = 0.001), seton removal (OR: 0.090, 95% CI: 0.027‐0.30, P = 0.0001, therapy with infliximab (OR: 0.19, 95% CI: 0.06‐0.64, P = 0.007), and therapy with adalimumab (OR: 0.12, "95% CI: 0.026‐0.56, P = 0.007) were predictive of avoiding repeat surgery. Proctitis (OR: 3.76, 95% CI: 1.09‐12.96, P = 0.03) was predictive of the need for radical surgery (proctectomy, diverting stoma) while multimodality treatment reduced the need for radical surgery (OR: 0.21, 95% CI: 0.05‐0.81, P = 0.02).

Conclusions

Multimodality treatment, anti‐TNFs use, and removal of setons after multimodality treatment can result in improved outcomes in CD patients with perianal fistulae and reduce the need for repeat surgery and radical surgery.
Circumaortic double left innominate vein: Two novel echocardiographic diagnostic clues for a tricky diagnosis
Authors: Malakan Rad Elaheh
Published: September 2018

We report a 7‐year‐old boy with unilateral choanal atresia who was referred for cardiac consultation before surgery. On echocardiography, the heart was normal except the presence of a double‐circle appearance and a V‐shaped structure on the suprasternal notch view. Cardiac computed tomography (CT) angiography confirmed the diagnosis of the double left innominate vein (DLIV). DLIV is a rare systemic venous anomaly, which often produces diagnostic confusion on echocardiography. Correct diagnosis is essential before performing any invasive procedure through this vein. Co‐existence of the two echocardiographic signs of the double‐circle appearance and the V sign confirms this tricky diagnosis.
Classification of electroencephalogram signal for the detection of epilepsy using Innovative Genetic Programming
Authors: Bhardwaj Harshit , Sakalle Aditi , Bhardwaj Arpit , Tiwari Aruna
Published: September 2018

Epilepsy, sometimes called seizure disorder, is a neurological condition that justifies itself as a susceptibility to seizures. A seizure is a sudden burst of rhythmic discharges of electrical activity in the brain that causes an alteration in behaviour, sensation, or consciousness. It is essential to have a method for automatic detection of seizures, as these seizures are arbitrary and unpredictable. A profound study of the electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings is required for the accurate detection of these epileptic seizures. In this study, an Innovative Genetic Programming framework is proposed for classification of EEG signals into seizure and nonseizure. An empirical mode decomposition technique is used for the feature extraction followed by genetic programming for the classification. Moreover, a method for intron deletion, hybrid crossover, and mutation operation is proposed, which are responsible for the increase in classification accuracy and a decrease in time complexity. This suggests that the Innovative Genetic Programming classifier has a potential for accurately predicting the seizures in an EEG signal and hints on the possibility of building a real‐time seizure detection system.
Potential for use of passive acoustic monitoring of piranhas in the Pacaya–Samiria National Reserve in Peru
Authors: Rountree Rodney A. , Juanes Francis
Published: September 2018

Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) can be an effective tool in the identification of fishes and mapping of their temporal and spatial distribution patterns and thereby aids in ecosystem management in remote locations. However, to date measurements of the acoustic properties of piranha have been primarily made in aquaria on captive specimens obtained through the aquarium trade. Data on the sound production of wild piranha taken under natural field conditions would enhance PAM applications.

Piranha captured as part of routine annual monitoring by Operation Wallacea within the Pacaya–Samiria National Reserve in Peru were auditioned for sound production prior to release. Auditioning was done by gently holding a fish underwater in the river near a suspended hydrophone, thus recordings included the piranha sound as well as natural ambient sound.

Seventy‐nine per cent of the 129 auditioned piranha, including Pygocentrus nattereri, Serrasalmus maculatus, Serrasalmus cf. sanchezi and an unidentified Serrasalmus spp. complex, produced sounds consisting of 2 to 23 barks in a sequential series. Sound production by S. maculatus and S. cf. sanchezi are reported for the first time. Bark characteristics exhibited high variation within bark series of individual fish. Piranha could not be distinguished by single variables but did exhibit significant multivariate differences. The relationship of several variables to fish size also differed significantly among species. Measurements of within‐fish variation and bark series pattern attributes were found to be useful for discrimination of sounds among piranha species.

We demonstrate that closely related species of piranha can be distinguished by their sounds under natural acoustic conditions based on multivariate analyses, suggesting that passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) can be an effective tool for ecosystem management in the Amazon. More broadly, our study also suggests (a) the need to report more detailed statistical descriptions of fish sounds, including measures of within‐fish variation, (b) the importance of describing characteristics of sound series produced by fishes in addition to those of individual sound types and (c) the need to deposit museum voucher specimens to anchor specific sounds to specific individuals.
Effect of high temperature on pollen morphology, plant growth and seed yield in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)
Authors: Hinojosa Leonardo , Matanguihan Janet B. , Murphy Kevin M.
Published: September 2018

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) has gained considerable attention worldwide during the past decade due to its nutritional and health benefits. However, its susceptibility to high temperatures has been reported as a serious obstacle to its global production. The objective of this study was to evaluate quinoa growth and pollen morphology in response to high temperatures. Pollen morphology and viability, plant growth and seed set, and several physiological parameters were measured at anthesis in two genotypes of quinoa subjected to day/night temperatures of 22/16°C as a control treatment and 40/24°C as the heat stress treatment. Our results showed that heat stress reduced the pollen viability between 30% and 70%. Although no visible morphological differences were observed on the surface of the pollen between the heat‐stressed and non‐heat‐stressed treatments, the pollen wall (intine and extine) thickness increased due to heat stress. High temperature did not affect seed yield, seed size and leaf greenness. On the other hand, high temperature improved the rate of photosynthesis. We found that quinoa has a high plasticity in response to high temperature, though pollen viability and pollen wall structure were affected by high temperatures in anthesis stage. This study is also the first report of quinoa pollen being trinucleate.
Decontamination of fresh‐cut Chinese yams with ethanol, ascorbic acid and combinations following produce inoculations with Escherichia coli and Salmonella pathogens
Authors: Gao Jia , Zhu Yongqing , Luo Fangyao
Published: September 2018

Determining the most effective method for preventing pathogen survival during washing operations is important for the safety of fresh‐cut produce. This study evaluated the efficacy of lower concentrations (15–35%, v/v) of ethanol, alone or in combination with ascorbic acid (AA) (1%, m/v), as well as different washing methods (wash time and number of washes), for inactivating the human pathogens Escherichia coli and Salmonella on inoculated fresh‐cut Chinese yam (Rhizoma dioscoreae, Dioscorea opposita) slices. The results showed that a wash solution consisting of 25% ethanol and 1% AA significantly reduced the populations of E. coli and Salmonella pathogens more than 1 log cfu/g, which is better than ethanol alone (p < .05). There was no significant difference found between ethanol concentrations of 20 and 35% (p > .05). Wash time and number of washes also influenced the effectiveness of pathogen inactivation. However, increasing wash time above 5 min or increasing the number of washes above two had little effect on the reduction of pathogen populations.

Practical applications

The purpose of this study is to investigate the ability of a novel wash method for inactivating the pathogens on inoculated fresh‐cut Chinese yams. The results from this study may be beneficial for the fresh‐cut food industry as pathogen contamination are major concerns and currently there are no satisfactory solutions that can eliminated pathogens while maintaining quality.
Ras association domain family 1 isoform A suppresses colonic tumor cell growth through p21WAF1 activation in a p53‐dependent manner
Authors: Oh Shin Ju , Lee Min‐Goo , Moon Jung Rock , Lee Chang Kyun , Chi Sung‐Gil , Kim Hyo Jong
Published: September 2018

Background and Aim

Despite the frequent loss of Ras association domain family 1 isoform A (RASSF1A) expression in various cancers, the precise mechanism underlying its tumor‐suppressive effect is not fully understood. To elucidate the growth‐inhibitory role for RASSF1A in colorectal tumorigenesis, this study investigated the RASSF1A regulation of the p53‐p21WAF1 pathway.

Methods

Ras association domain family 1 isoform A effect on cellular growth was tested in three human colon cancer cell lines by flow cytometry, cell counting, and [3H]‐thymidine incorporation assay. HCT116 p53+/+ and p53−/− isogenic sublines were utilized to determine the p53 dependence of RASSF1A effect on p21WAF1. Cycloheximide chase experiment and immunoprecipitation assay were carried out to define RASSF1A effect on p53 stability and mouse double minute 2 (MDM2) homolog ubiquitination.

Results

Ras association domain family 1 isoform A expression inhibits colonic cell proliferation by preventing the G1 to S phase transition of the cell cycle. The RASSF1A‐induced G1 cell cycle arrest is accompanied by the increase in the level of p21WAF1 mRNA expression. The p21WAF‐inducing activity of RASSF1A was substantially higher in HCT116 p53+/+ cell compared with isogenic p53−/− cells. The cycloheximide chase assay revealed that RASSF1A expression leads to p53 stabilization and MDM2 homolog degradation. Using p53−/− and p21WAF1−/− subline cells, this study finally validated a crucial role of the p53‐p21WAF1 axis in RASSF1A‐mediated growth inhibition.

Conclusions

RASSF1A suppresses colonic tumor growth through the activation of the p53‐p21WAF1 pathway. This finding supports that RASSF1A could be a valuable marker for the assessment of colorectal cancer development and progression.
Road Work: Highways and Hegemony in Trinidad and Tobago
Authors: Jobson Ryan Cecil
Published: September 2018

En Trinidad y Tobago, los caminos funcionan como un medio estatal para traducir los beneficios de petróleo y gas a fuentes de apoyo popular y electoral. Como resultado, las carreteras funcionan como sitios de confrontación entre funcionarios parlamentarios y ciudadanos descontentos sobre cuestiones de contratación pública, desarrollo y gobernanza. Basado en trabajo de campo prolongado con el Movimiento de Re‐Ruta de la Autopista (HRM)—un grupo de residentes movilizados contra el proyecto de autopista más grande en la historia de Trinidad y Tobago—este artículo propone el trabajo vial como un enfoque metodológico y teórico en la antropología política del Caribe. A partir de la interpretación dual de “vial” en la jerga trinitaria como vía material de tránsito y espacio carnavalesco de potencialidad democrática, este artículo define el trabajo vial como una práctica insurgente que desafía las lógicas instrumentales del estado rentier a través de una atención crítica a las infraestructuras materiales y las redes burocráticas que avalan el orden político postcolonial. [antropología social, desarrollo, movimientos sociales, politica, Trinidad y Tobago]
Intake, sources, and determinants of free sugars intake in Australian children aged 12–14 months
Authors: Devenish Gemma , Ytterstad Elinor , Begley Andrea , Do Loc , Scott Jane
Published: September 2018

The consumption of free sugars is directly associated with adiposity and dental caries in early childhood; however, intake data in the first 2 years of life are limited. This cross‐sectional analysis aims to identify major food sources of free sugars for Australian children aged 12–14 months and investigate factors associated with meeting the World Health Organisation (WHO) Guideline for sugars intake. Three days of nonconsecutive dietary data were collected via a 24‐hr recall and 2‐day food record for 828 participants. Usual intake of energy, total sugars, and free sugars were estimated, along with food group contributions to free sugars. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to investigate factors associated with exceeding the WHO conservative recommendation that <5% of energy should come from free sugars. Mean free sugars intake was 8.8 (SD 7.7, IQR 3.7–11.6) g/day, contributing 3.6% (SD 2.8, IQR 1.6–4.8) of energy. Only 2.4% of participants exceeded the WHO recommendation that <10% of energy should come from free sugars, with 22.8% of participants exceeding the <5% recommendation. Children from households with greater socio‐economic disadvantage (IRSAD <5, OR = 1.94) and in the lowest income bracket (OR = 2.10) were more likely to have intakes ≥5% of energy. Major food sources of free sugars were commercial infant foods (26.6%), cereal‐based products (19.7%), namely, sweet biscuits (8.3%) and cakes (7.6%), followed by yoghurt (9.6%), and fruit and vegetable beverages (7.4%). These findings highlight the substantial contribution of infant foods to free sugars intakes and provide further evidence that dietary intakes are influenced by social determinants.
Built to last: Interactive effects of perceived overqualification and proactive personality on new employee adjustment
Authors: Simon Lauren S. , Bauer Talya N. , Erdogan Berrin , Shepherd William
Published: September 2018

We integrate relative deprivation and broaden and build theories to develop a process‐based model of perceived overqualification and its relationship with new employee adjustment via “broaden and build” mechanisms (i.e., reciprocal relationships between initial status and change trajectories in work‐related positive affect and perceived job autonomy). Additionally, we examine how new employee proactive personality may influence this process. Analyses of weekly survey responses from 331 new employees of a large financial institution throughout their first 90 days of employment revealed that those who felt overqualified generally experienced less work‐related positive affect and perceived less job autonomy when beginning their jobs (assessed the first week of employment) than their more qualified counterparts. Moreover, initial levels of perceived job autonomy were positively associated with adjustment outcomes (assessed at 90 days of employment) via linear change in positive affect over time (assessed weekly, up to 8 weeks of employment). These findings suggest that perceived overqualification may negatively influence newcomer adjustment by stunting broaden and build processes. However, proactive personality attenuated this effect. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Governing Infrastructure in the Age of the “Art of the Deal”: Logics of Governance and Scales of Visibility
Authors: Valverde Mariana , Johns Fleur , Raso Jennifer
Published: September 2018

Many different types of organization provide public services or goods and build public works without being, strictly speaking, part of government. Such entities tend to be seen as more innovative than government proper, both because of their organizational autonomy and because they primarily use private‐law techniques (contracts, mainly) and lay claim to private sector credentials. This article examines the presumed correlation between moves towards greater public‐private hybridity in government and public sector innovation, using illustrative examples from Ontario and British Columbia, Canada. Combining interviews with professional infrastructure deal‐makers, direct observation of public infrastructure workshops, and analyses of the documents that constitute infrastructure deals, we show that the quest to bring virtues and techniques associated with private enterprise to the delivery and governance of public goods and services often leads to a dialectical reversal. At first, bureaucratic rules do give way to the pursuit of more or less sui generis deals. But the entities that initiate deals and partnerships soon come to feel the need to standardize the process, which then leads to the return of standard templates and surprisingly rigid rules.
Becoming Autonomous: Indigeneity, Scale, and Schismogenesis in Multicultural Mexico
Authors: Pharao Hansen Magnus
Published: September 2018

Four towns in the state of Morelos, Mexico, are lobbying the state government for the right to become independent “indigenous municipalities” operating under local customary law. Focusing on one of those towns, Hueyapan, this article ethnographically and ethnohistorically examines the process that has led the people of Hueyapan to overwhelmingly favor the decision to opt for municipal independence. In doing so, it attends particularly to the ways that discourses of indigeneity and sovereignty have interacted with local political conflicts between the town of Hueyapan and the municipal seat, Tetela del Volcán. Using an analysis based on Bateson's concept of schismogenesis, I argue that today, for the first time, Hueyapan is in a position in which demanding independence is feasible, because it has successfully established itself as a competitor to the municipal cabecera (municipal seat) community of Tetela, rather than as a subordinate and marginalized community. Nevertheless, by framing the quest for independence within the narrative model of indigeneity, Hueyapan can represent its demands with a stronger ethical and historical force than it could otherwise.
Introduction
Authors: Thomas Mandy
Published: September 2018

This introduction to the volume places the study of migration within the wider processes of social change and the complex actions of class, gender and ethnicity that are integrated into the experience of displacement. It argues that the articles in this volume contribute important new ethnographic and theoretical analyses to our knowledge and understanding of the constraints and the opportunities provided by cultural diversity in several societies by elaborating upon recent advances made in conceptualisations of migrancy. It places particular emphasis on developing phenomenological approaches to migration studies which incorporate the lived experience of migrants into any analysis. It also suggests that redressing the neglect of this area of study in Australia has the possibility of generating informed interruptions into the current political shift towards divisive public debates on immigration and cultural pluralism.