bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Film Reviews
Authors: Morsy Soheir A.
Published: November 2004

Book reviewed in this article:

Daughters of the Nile. 1982. 46 minutes, color. A film by Joop van Wijk and Hillie Molenaar.

Hidden Faces: A Look at the Lives of Egyptian Women. 1990. 52 minutes, color. A film by Claire Hunt and Kim Longinotto.

Marriage Egyptian Style. 1991. 50 minutes, color. A film by Joanna Head.

Permissible Dreams. 1983. 32 minutes, color. A film by Atiat El Abnoudi.
Behavioral Differences between Archaic and Modern Humans in the Levantine Mousterian
Authors: Lieberman Daniel E. , Shea John J.
Published: November 2004

Early modern and archaic humans are associated with similar lithic industries in the Middle Paleolithic of the southern Levant, but new data suggest that they used the environment in different ways. Evidence from analyses of seasonally deposited increments of the teeth of the animals they hunted suggests that modern humans primarily practiced a strategy ofcirculating seasonal mobility, while archaic humans in the same region 30,000 years later were more residentially mobile. Analyses of their lithic hunting technology further suggest that archaic humans hunted more frequently than did modern humans. We argue that this greater hunting intensity may have been a strategy for coping with the consequences of resource biodepletion resulting from long‐term, multiseasonal occupation of sites. These behavioral contrasts may be related to some of the morphological differences between early modern and archaic humans.
Anthropology and History in Southern Europe
Authors: Brettell Caroline B.
Published: November 2004

Sacrificed for Honor: Italian Infant Abandonment and the Politics of Reproductive Control. David I. Kertzer

E1 Castillo: The Politics of Tradition in an Andalusian Town. Richard Maddox
Writing in New World Civilizations
Authors: Houston Stephen D.
Published: November 2004

Mesoamerican Writing Systems: Propaganda, Myth, and History in Four Ancient Civilizations. Joyce Marcus
The Emergence of British Social Anthropology
Authors: Stocking George W.
Published: November 2004

Before Social Anthropology: Essays on the History of British Anthropology. James Urry

Governing the Nuer: Documents by Percy Coriat on Nuer History and Ethnography, 1922–1931. Douglas H. Johnson
Vanishing Ethnographers
Authors: Narayan Kirin
Published: November 2004

Photo Wallahs. 1992. 60 minutes, color. A film by David and Judith MacDougall. For information contact the University of California Extension Center for Media and Independent Learning, 2000 Center Street, Fourth Floor, Berkeley, CA 94704, 510–642–0460.
War in Guatemala and Exile in Florida
Authors: Manz Beatriz
Published: November 2004

Book reviewed in this article:

Unfinished Conquest: The Guatemalan Tragedy. Victor Perera. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993. 382 pp. Maya in Exile: Guatemalans in Florida. Allan F. Burns. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1993. 208 pp.
Writing across the Biology‐Culture Gap
Authors: King Barbara J.
Published: November 2004

Book reviewed in this article:

Primate Behaviour: Information, Social Knowledge, and the Evolution of Culture. Duane Quiatt and Vernon Reynolds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993. 322 pp. The Use of Tools by Human and Non‐Human Primates. Arlette Berthelet and Jean Chavaillon, eds. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993. 424 pp.
Encountering Ethnographic Film
Authors: Jhala Jayasinhji
Published: November 2004

Book reviewed in this article:

Innovation in Ethnographic Film. Peter Loizos. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993. 224 pp.
Objects and Practices of Nomads
Authors: Young William C.
Published: November 2004

Book reviewed in this article:

Bedouins of Qatar. Klaus Ferdinand. The Carlsberg Foundation's Nomad Research Project. New York: Thames and Hudson Ltd., 1993. 400 pp. Nomads of Luristan: History, Material Culture, and Pastoralism in Western Iran. Inge Demant Mortensen. The Carlsberg Foundation's Nomad Research Project. New York: Thames and Hudson Ltd., 1993. 414 pp.
Abandonment as a Settlement Strategy
Authors: Nelson Margaret C.
Published: November 2004

Abandonment of Settlements and Regions: Ethnoarchaeological and Archaeological Approaches. Catherine M. Cameron and Steve A. Tomka, eds.
On the Politics of Theorizing in a Postmodern Academy
Authors: DOWNEY GARY LEE , ROGERS JUAN D.
Published: November 2004

The authors outline a politics of academic theorizing that seeks pluralism and egalitarianism without relativism and nihilism. Their goal is to help transform the academy by knocking down the walls around institutionalized technoscience without dissolving the enterprise of academic theorizing. Postmodernist critiques have blurred the cultural boundaries between technoscience and popular science practices, calling into question the absolute legitimacy of the former. Yet the positive proposals of postmodernism have been less valuable than the critiques. The authors hope to recover some of the imaginative power of postmodernist criticism by formulating a different politics of academic theorizing, built around the language and practice of “partnering.” In the process, they hope to build exchange relations between postmodernism and other forms of theorizing, such as feminism.
Heterotopic Dissonance in the Museum Representation of Pacific Island Cultures
Authors: KAHN MIRIAM
Published: November 2004

Two exhibits, the Margaret Mead Hall of Pacific Peoples at the American Museum of Natural History (1971) and Traveling the Pacific at the Field Museum of Natural History (1989), are compared. Foucault's concept of heterotopia is used to examine why, in spite of major recent changes in museum philosophy and technology, the subtexts of the two exhibits remain remarkably similar. Both confuse spatial distance with temporal flow, creating an incoherent framework of disjunctive orders.
Book Review Essays
Authors: Shami Seteney
Published: November 2004

Ethnography and Transnationalism: Nations Unbound: Transnational Projects, Postcolonial Predicaments and Deterritorialized Nation‐States. Linda Basch, Nina Glick Schiller, and Cristina Szanton‐Blanc.

Ethnography and Transnationalism: Ethnicity and Nationalism: Anthropological Perspectives. Thomas Hylland Eriksen. Boulder
Strange Craft, Strange History, Strange Folks: Cultural Amnesia and the Case for Lesbian and Gay Studies
Authors: Roscoe Will
Published: November 2004

The academy today is only vaguely aware that its racial, ethnic, gender, and sexual makeup does not reflect the diversity of the society that surrounds it. When the university fails to encompass lesbian and gay studies, it loses not only knowledge of the presence of homosexuality in history and culture but analysis of homophobia and the role it has played in constructing the present. What is at stake is the integrity of the Western tradition of scholarship. The question is whether its studies can be objective, thorough, accurate, and complete‐in a word, scholarly‐as long as subjects like homosexuality, homosexual persons, and homophobia are systematically excluded.
Names of Death
Authors: Griffith David
Published: November 2004

Human victimizations‐whether taking the form of civil war, terrorism, or domestic violence‐often force those seeking refuge into neighborhoods characterized by high crime rates, poverty, and ethnic diversity, leading to culture shock and crises of identity. The author recalls such a context after describing the responses of families of murder victims to a serial killer's sentence, drawing parallels with the difficulties the Q'anjob'al Maya face while applying for political asylum.
Conceptions of Time and the Development of Paleolithic Chronology
Authors: CHAZAN MICHAEL
Published: November 2004

Until recently the reflexive archaeological literature on concepts of time has been sparse. As a result, chronologies have been treated as a conceptual black box, tools about which nothing need be known except their input and output. Recent theoretical discussions have begun to pry open the lid of this black box, revealing the complexities that lie within. The historical analysis presented here highlights the importance of chronologies to the archaeological treatment of time. The 19th‐century Paleolithic chronologies of Lartet, de Mortillet, and Breuil are not simply lists of periods but rather the expression of differing conceptions of the relations between people, the archaeological record, and time.
From All for All
Authors: LAUGHLIN ROBERT M.
Published: November 2004

The script of a Highland Mayan play is introduced by an account of the founding and evolution of a Mayan performance group known as the Monkey Business Theatre. The play From All for All dramatizes the economic, social, and political forces that caused the Zapatistas to rise up and the Chiapas rain forests to fall. The role of the anthropologist as dramaturge and impresario, accompanying but not directing Maya colleagues, is explored.
Book Review Essays
Authors: Maranhäo Tullio
Published: November 2004

Amerindian Constructions of Otherness: From, the Enemy's Point of View: Humanity and Divinity in an Amazonian Society. Eduardo Viveiros de Castro.

Amerindian Constructions of Otherness: La memoria rituale: Follia e immagine del Bianco in una tradizione sciamanica amerindiana. Carlo Severi.
The Unquiet Dead of Guatemala
Authors: Earle Duncan
Published: November 2004

Book reviewed in this article:

Massacres in the Jungle; Ixcan, Guatemala 1975–1982. Ricardo Falla.
Engendering History in Sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Shaw Carolyn Martin
Published: November 2004

Book reviewed in this article:

Gender, Work and Population in Sub‐Saharan Africa. Aderanti Adepoju and Christine Oppong, eds.

Sex and the Empire That Is No More: Gender and the Politics of Metaphor in Oyo Yoruba Religion. J. Lorand Matory.

Cutting Down Trees: Gender, Nutrition, and Agricultural Change in the Northern Province of Zambia, 1890–1990. Henrietta L Moore and Megan Vaughan.
The Political Economy of AIDS among Drug Users in the United States
Authors: CARLSON ROBERT G.
Published: November 2004

It came and went in the blink of an eye and what seemed like a brilliant future for Marxist Anthropology in the mid‐1970s now lies in a grave of dead‐ended approaches bearing the epitaph ‘Political Economy’—the sign which for Marx summed up all that was critically in error in capitalist and capitalizing analysis, hence his sub‐title toCapital, “A Critique of Political Economy.”
Korean Shamans and the Spirits of Capitalism
Authors: KENDALL LAUREL
Published: November 2004

ABSTRACTS

Recent studies have taught us that “religion” is not a fixed category but an instrument of popular consciousness. While the studies' subjects have often been victims of colonialism and capitalist exploitation, cultural production through magical means need not be restricted to a society's most oppressed elements. Counter to the expectations of Max Weber, for whom capitalism marched to the drumbeat of “rationalization,” many of the clients who patronize the shaman shrines of Seoul, Republic of Korea, are engaged in high‐risk petty‐capitalist enterprises. Shamans, clients, and spirits address the seemingly arbitrary fluctuations of good and bad fortune that can bring sudden wealth or ruin, and offer wry commentary upon what their world has become.
Order out of Chaos
Authors: ACHESON JAMES M. , WILSON JAMES A.
Published: November 2004

ABSTRACTS

The current crisis in the world's fisheries indicates the need for a different management method than that now used by Western scientists, which regulates the quantity of fish taken. The authors propose a method called parametric management, which takes into account the complex, chaotic nature offish stocks and emphasizes preserving regular biological processes in the life cycle of fish by controlling how people fish. Supporting data come from 28 folk societies, the Maine lobster industry, and the authors' mathematical model of fish stocks.
Substrate and Tool Use by Brown Capuchins in Suriname: Ecological Contexts and Cognitive Bases
Authors: Boinski Sue , Quatrone Robert P. , Swartz Hilary
Published: November 2004

Brown capuchins (Cebus apella) at Raleighvallen Nature Preserve in Suriname have recently been discovered to exhibit object manipulation abilities in foraging, specifically frequent substrate use and a remarkable episode of tool use. The food items being processed with these exceptional skills are numerous species of morphologically diverse, thickly husked fruits, with fruit walls impenetrable even to the powerful jaws of C. apella. These fruit taxa, many in the Lecythidaceae, the Brazil nut family, are rare in Western Amazonia and Central America, regions in which capuchins have been most often studied. Based on extensive qualitative observations, we provide a preliminary description of this phenomenon within a natural history perspective.

The manipulative skills of brown capuchins in Suriname are poised to upheave current understandings of tool use and object manipulation in capuchins. Moreover, the implications of these findings for the cognitive evolution of human and nonhuman primates are significant. The capacity to use tools is considered one of the major achievements of our species and figures deeply in explanations for the origin of human intelligence and behavior. Many hold that tool and object manipulation, language, social skills, and morphology are linked in primate evolution. Given that unusually complex social and communication skills are not evident in capuchins, the proposed connection between the evolution of tool use, language, and social skills in human evolution is thereby weakened. Instead, our observations in Suriname support a paradigm premised on the concept of functionally and evolutionarily distinct brain modules, [tool use. evolution of intelligence, cognitive domain, chimpanzees, seedpredation]
The Great Ape Project and Disability Rights: Ominous Undercurrents of Eugenics in Action
Authors: Groce Nora Ellen , Marks Jonathan
Published: November 2004

The Great Ape Project is an international animal rights movement with the goal of extending rights to nonhuman primates. While the authors of this essay are sympathetic with scholars who seek to ensure humane treatment for these species, they are concerned with the growing tendency by those in the project to draw analogies between nonhuman primates and humans with disabilities. It is felt that scholars in the Great Ape Project, ignoring findings from anthropologists who have begun to study the significant sociocultural matrix that has defined and often limited individuals with disabilities, rely on assumptions about disability that can be traced back to the eugenics movement.

The authors of this essay argue that if scholars in the Great Ape Project want to make comparisons between humans and apes, it should be with all humans. They feel it is both unfortunate and scientifically inaccurate for those in the Great Ape Project to blur the boundary between apes and people by dehumanizing individuals with disabilities, individuals for whom human rights are often the most precarious, [great apes, Great Ape Project, disability, eugenics, human rights]
Maritime Archaeology: A Reader of Substantive and Theoretical Contributions.
Authors: Winder Nick
Published: November 2004

Maritime Archaeology:. Reader of Substantive and Theoretical Contributions. Lawrence E. Babits and Hans Van Tilburg. eds. New York: Plenum Press, 1998. 590 pp.
The Chaco Meridian: Centers of Political Power in the Ancient Southwest.
Authors: Varien Mark D.
Published: November 2004

The Chaco Meridian: Centers of Political Power in the Ancient Southwest. Stephen H. Lekson. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press, 1999. 233 pp.
Foraging for Survival: Yearling Baboons in Africa.
Authors: Phillips‐Conroy Jane E.
Published: November 2004

Foraging for Survival: Yearling Baboons in Africa. Stuart A. Altmann. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1998. 609 pp.
“Any Time is Trinidad Time”: Social Meanings and Temporal Consciousness.
Authors: Maurer Bill
Published: November 2004

“Any Time is Trinidad Time”: Social Meanings and Temporal Consciousness. Kevin Birth. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1999. 190 pp.
Hard Times on 125th Street: Harlem's Poor Confront Welfare Reform
Authors: Newman Katherine S.
Published: November 2004

Drawing on fieldwork in Harlem at the onset of welfare reform, I argue in this article for both a social structural and a cultural approach to the study of poor families facing the consequences of this historic policy change. Ethnographic understanding of household organization, kinship networks, reciprocal dependencies, intergenerational relations, migration, and gender must be brought to bear if we are to chart the responses of the poor to welfare reform. Meaning and perceived intentions must be central if we are to grasp how the targets of policy change understand the new economic and bureaucratic circumstances of their lives. These themes are illustrated by drawing on accounts of several households in Harlem—African American and Latino—in order to explore how both structural and cultural forces may shape responses to welfare reform, [welfare reform, poverty, household organization, working poor]
I Helped Build That: A Demonstration Employment Training Program for Homeless Youth in Toronto, Canada
Authors: Bridgman Rae
Published: November 2004

In this case study I present preliminary findings on the development of Eva's Phoenix—a pilot project designed to provide housing and employment‐training opportunities for homeless youth in Toronto, Canada. I focus on the construction‐training program for youth and explore some of the tensions that can arise in a project of this nature. These include consulting youth about the project's directions and facilitating their participation, representational authority in relation to how the project is promoted, and the need to reconcile different values and expectations for delivering the program on the part of partnering organizations and the youth themselves. I challenge perceptions of welfare and welfare reform in relation to youth and offer some insights into what types of services and interventions can potentially help homeless youth, [homelessness, youth, housing, employment training]
On the Plaza: The Politics of Public Space and Culture
Authors: Rotenberg Robert
Published: November 2004

On the Plaza: The Politics of Public Space and Culture. Setha M. Low. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2000. 296 pp.
Studying Technological Differentiation: The Case of 18th‐Century Electrical Technology
Authors: Schiffer Michael Brian
Published: November 2004

This article furnishes a theoretical framework, drawn from behavioral archaeology and built around the phenomenon of technology transfer, for studying any instance of technological differentiation—the proliferation of a technology's functional variants. This process is important to anthropologists because it can help us to understand some important causes of technological change found in societies simple and complex. Technological differentiation arises because, as a technology is transferred from one community to another, it is redesigned to have a mix of performance characteristics more appropriate for carrying out utilitarian and/or symbolic functions in specific activities of recipient communities. Use of the technology‐transfer framework for constructing proximate explanations of technological differentiation is illustrated with 18th–century electrical technology. [Keywords: technology transfer, technological differentiation, history of electricity, 18th‐century science, behavioral theory]
Contested Knowledge, Contingent Classification: Animals in the Highlands of Papua New Guinea
Authors: Sillitoe Paul
Published: November 2004

New Guinea highlanders appear to conceive of animal taxonomy in a way that is simultaneously familiar to a scientist, yet different. This is often attributed to interaction between natural ecology, which constrains content, and cultural context, which conditions the structure of any taxonomy. The evidence presented here confirms this view, although the considerable, and initially disconcerting, disagreements between persons over taxonomic issues raise the question: To what extent is Wola classification of natural phenomena analogous to Western hierarchical classification? The stateless political environment conditions the Wola constantly to challenge hierarchy, obfuscate boundaries, and think in terms of "fuzzy sets," confounding the assumption of agreed classes and threatening intellectual anarchy. However, their taxonomic regime offsets this, facilitating discourse in the absence of authorities to adjudicate in disputes. No formal classificatory scheme devised so far can adequately represent such an oral tradition's ever negotiated ordering of animals; whatever framework we adopt will somewhat distort it. [Keywords: Papua New Guinea, ethnozoology, taxonomy]
Primate Conservation and Local Communities—Ethical Issues and Debates
Authors: Hill Catherine M.
Published: November 2004

Hunting and habitat destruction and alteration threaten the existence of many primate species. However, the conservation of these primates has significant costs, as well as benefits, for people living alongside them. Conservation policy now recognizes that people should not suffer impoverishment from wildlife preservation and that, instead, conservation programs should make a significant contribution to alleviating rural poverty. Ethical consideration requires that local communities have greater control over natural resources, and that conservation programs contribute to these people's livelihood security. Nevertheless, this conservation on the basis of potential economic value may not protect primates adequately and may render them still vulnerable to extinction, given their sensitivity to human activities. This presents an ethical dilemma: primates have intrinsic moral value so should be conserved for their own sake, yet conservation policies should not cause harm to local human populations. This article explores ethical issues that arise when primates and people live in close proximity. [Keywords: primate conservation, ethical issues, human–wildlife conflict]
The Temporalities of the Market
Authors: Miyazaki Hirokazu
Published: November 2004

Social theorists' recent interest in global capitalism is partially driven by their sense of "being behind" in a changed and changing world. It is also part of their larger efforts to critique the present. In this article, I seek to find analogues of this sense of temporal incongruity between knowledge and its objects in the Tokyo financial markets. My focus is on the anxieties and hopes animating some Japanese securities traders' life choices. I argue that these traders' differing anxieties and hopes resulted from their divergent senses of the temporal incongruity among trading strategies, workplaces, and Japan's national location vis–a–vis the United States. Drawing on a parallel between social theorists' and traders' efforts to generate prospective momentum in their work, I propose that anthropologists investigate the work of temporal incongruity in knowledge formation more generally. [Keywords: time, Utopian vision, knowledge formation, financial markets, Japan]
Sultans of Spin: Syrian Sacred Music on the World Stage
Authors: Shannon Jonathan H.
Published: November 2004

This article examines how the performance of a variety of Islamic music in transnational cultural circuits helps to promote the idea of a style of sacred music within the category of world music. Taking as an example the performance of the mawlawiyya, or "Whirling Dervish," music and dance by a Syrian–based ensemble, I show how the idea of an authentic local Syrian sacred music tradition requires its performance globally. I use the concept of the "world stage" to examine how musical performance practices that are represented as authentic local traditions obtain both their authenticity and their local specificity through their staging in global contexts. I further explore how such musical styles as sacred and Sufi emerge as naturalized categories in world music discourse, and how processes of differentiation and commodification reconfigure both the "local" and "global." [Keywords: world music, globalization, style, Syria, Islam]
The Anthropology of Power and Maoism
Authors: Kipnis Andrew
Published: November 2004

The legacies of Maoist rule made reflecting on power almost unavoidable for U.S. anthropologists who conducted research in the People's Republic of China (PRC) just after Mao's death. In this article, I examine the theorization of power in the works of five such anthropologists. Although their approaches are diverse, they share an historical awareness of the unexpected dynamics and paradoxical outcomes of Mao's attempts to enact a revolutionary transformation of the social organization of power in the PRC. I conclude this article by enumerating lessons from these authors' analyses for the anthropological study of power in general. [Keywords: power, Maoism, governance, China, postsocialism]
Changing Times, Changing Faces: Franz Boas's Immigrant Study in Modern Perspective
Authors: Sparks Corey S. , Jantz Richard L.
Published: November 2004

Franz Boas's study of the changes in bodily form of descendants of immigrants has stood for over ninety years as proof of environmental influences on cranial form. Recent reanalysis of his data have shown differing interpretations of the importance of his findings. Here, we explore the historical, political, and social setting of the study that could have led Boas to overstate the importance of his findings. We also include a discussion of the issue at large with respect to the study of modern and prehistoric human variation. Given the current state of population research using craniometric data we conclude, as many of Boas's early criticism have, that while some of the changes observed by Boas have statistical credibility, they generally lack biological meaning when considered in the scope of the degree of modern human variation. [Keywords: plasticity, immigration, craniometries, cranial index, human variation]
New Anthropological Perspectives on Southeastern Indians
Authors: Saunt Claudio
Published: November 2004

Signs of Cherokee Culture: Sequoyah's Syllabary in Eastern Cherokee Life. Margaret Bender. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2002. 187 pp.

Southern Indians and Anthropologists: Culture, Politics, and Identity. Lisa J. Lefler and Frederic W. Gleach. eds. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2002. 151 pp.

Blood Politics: Race, Culture, and Identity in the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma. Circe Sturm. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002. 249 pp.
Gender in Amazonia and Melanesia: An Exploration of the Comparative Method.
Authors: Scheffler Harold W.
Published: November 2004

Gender in Amazonia and Melanesia: An Exploration of the Comparative Method. Thomas A. Gregory and Donald Tuzin. eds. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001. 392 pp.
Warless Societies and the Origin of War.
Authors: Allen Mark W.
Published: November 2004

Warless Societies and the Origin of War. Raymond C. Kelly. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2000.192 pp,
Lord of the Dance: The Mani Rimdu Festival in Tibet and Nepal.
Authors: Gellner David N.
Published: November 2004

Lord of the Dance: The Mani Rimdu Festival in Tibet and Nepal. Richard J. Kohn. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2001. 320 pp.
The Network Inside Out.
Authors: Maurer Bill
Published: November 2004

The Network Inside Out. Annelise Riles. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. 2000. 242 pp.
Griddles, Ovens, and Agricultural Origins: An Ethnoarchaeological Study of Bread Baking in Highland Ethiopia
Authors: Lyons Diane , D'Andrea A. Catherine
Published: November 2004

An ethnoarchaeological study of highland Ethiopian griddle technology is compared to bread‐baking technologies in Africa and the Near East. There is a functional relationship between the use of ovens and griddles and the presence or absence of gluten in bread ingredients. Ovens are most appropriate for cereals containing gluten and may be implicated in the selection of higher quality gluten in domesticated wheats. We conclude, based on evidence for griddle use and the performance characteristics of African cereals, that indigenous species were exploited in highland Ethiopia before Near Eastern cereals were introduced. Griddle‐cooking practices that bias the preservation of Near Eastern cereals over African ones may explain the absence of African cereals in the early archaeobotanical record. [Keywords: Ethiopia, ethnoarchaeology, archaeobotany, ovens, griddles]
Transforming Institutions among Pastoralists: Inequality and Land Privatization
Authors: Lesorogol Carolyn K.
Published: November 2004

This article analyzes how a community of Samburu pastoralists in Kenya transformed their land tenure system from communal to private ownership. It demonstrates the dynamic nature of institutional change processes by examining exogenous and endogenous factors that created conditions conducive to change. Inequalities and conflicting interests among different social groups provided impetus for change as well as ammunition to attack or defend common property. Privatization emerged from conflict among social groups, predicated on the relative power positions of the parties—positions that shifted over time in response to strategic actions of individuals and groups. In turn, the adoption of private property altered social relationships, creating new norms regarding land ownership, individual rights, and authority. [Keywords: institutions, Africa, pastoralism, property rights, social norms]
Gift Remitting and Alliance Building in Zambian Modernity: Old Answers to Modern Problems
Authors: Cliggett Lisa
Published: November 2004

This article highlights the strategic nature of remittances in Zambian migration. Zambian migrants usually give only small gifts to their home‐based relatives, not the large sums of money or goods used for investment that is documented in the literature on remitting elsewhere. In a case like Zambia, where so little surplus cash exists and the diversion of cash or other resources can have great material costs for the giver, why do Zambian migrants continue to remit? I argue that gift remitting develops strategic alliances that translate into insurance policies for the future, enabling Zambian migrants to "hedge their bets" in a volatile and rapidly changing socioeconomic terrain. This article focuses attention on the broad experiences and contexts of remitting and how the unpredictability of modern life may foster a renewed need for building alliances. I draw on fieldwork conducted from 1994‐2001 with the Gwembe Tonga people of Zambia's Southern Province and recent ethnographic literature from Zambia. [Keywords: migration, gift, economy, intergenerational relations, Africa]
Rethinking Global and Area Studies: Insights from Caribbeanist Anthropology
Authors: Slocum Karla , Thomas Deborah A.
Published: November 2004

Recently, there has been an upsurge in the critical attention directed toward the area studies research paradigms that were institutionalized after World War II. This upsurge comes at a time when anthropologists are also developing increasingly sophisticated accounts of the intersections of global and local processes. Yet there has been less engaged consideration of the agendas propelling global studies over area studies curricula. In this essay, we argue that an analysis of the Caribbean and Caribbeanist anthropology allows us to trace the global in the local, thus illustrating the benefits of local area analyses for understanding global dynamics. We draw on theoretical assertions regarding global–local interactions in order to assess the relation of anthropology to Caribbean studies and to explore the implications of analytical trajectories and theoretical developments within Caribbeanist anthropology for social and cultural processes on a global level. [Keywords: area studies, anthropological theory, the Caribbean, transnationalism]
Human Behavioral Organization in the Middle Paleolithic: Were Neanderthals Different?
Authors: HENRY DONALD O. , HIETALA HAROLD J. , ROSEN ARLENE M. , DEMIDENKO YURI E. , USIK VITALIY I. , ARMAGAN TERESA L.
Published: November 2004

Interwoven with the debate regarding the biologic replacement of Neanderthals by modern humans is the question of the degree to which Neanderthals and modern foragers differed behaviorally. We consider this question through a detailed spatial analysis of artifacts and related evidence from stratified living floors within a 49–69 k.y.a. rock shelter site, Tor Faraj, in southern Jordan. The study involves a critical evaluation of living floors, the identification of site structure, and the decoding of the site structure in an effort to understand how the inhabitants of the shelter organized their behaviors. The site structure of Tor Faraj is also compared to occupations of modern foragers in ethnographic and archaeological contexts. When the information from the excavation of Tor Faraj is considered with evidence from other late Middle Paleolithic sites, there seems to be little basis for the claims that constraints in the behavioral organization of Neanderthals led to their replacement by modern foragers.
Consuming Grief: Compassionate Cannibalism in an Amazonian Society
Authors: OAKDALE SUZANNE
Published: November 2004

Consuming Grief: Compassionate Cannibalism in an Amazonian Society. Beth A. Conklin. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2001. 317 pp.
An Ethnographic Filmflam: Giving Gifts, Doing Research, and Videotaping the Native Subject/Object
Authors: JACKSON JOHN L.
Published: November 2004

Using the discussion of self‐reflexivity as an organizing principle, this article examines how mobilizing digital video technology during fieldwork opens up empirical and theoretical space for reconceptualizing the relationship between anthropologists and informants. Placing the field of visual anthropology into critical conversation with long‐standing theoretical arguments about the objectivist limitations of native anthropologists, I argue that the slipperiness of nativity as an anthropological designation helps to provide analytical tools for examining filmmaking as a kind of gift‐giving process between native ethnographic filmmakers and the subjects of their films. This article highlights some of the ways in which my own filmic and videographic exploits in Harlem, New York, mark integral connections between seeing and being the proverbial other, probing social exchanges predicated on the usefulness of low‐budget digital technology as a means of fostering politically and epistemologically valuable ethnographic collaborations.
Decolonizing Time Regimes: Lakota Conceptions of Work, Economy, and Society
Authors: PICKERING KATHLEEN
Published: November 2004

One of the hegemonic forces associated with the spread of capitalism is a shift in the time sense of production from task orientation to labor timed by the clock. On the periphery of the global economy, Lakota households on the Pine Ridge reservation must make fragmentary allocations of time between clock‐based wage jobs and task‐oriented forms of production governed by social relationships. Despite a long and ongoing history of state policies designed to enforce the discipline of the clock, task orientation continues to dominate Lakota time‐sense. Rather than active resistance to or internalization of clock time, Lakota practices flout time‐values that interfere with the task‐oriented demands of more materially certain, socially embedded economic activities. Lakota conceptions of time, born of their contemporary material conditions, are better understood when theoretical concepts of work and time are decolonized to remove the assumptions that emulating or opposing Euro‐Americans is of central concern.
Landscape Politics: The Serpent Ditch and the Rainbow in West Africa
Authors: NORMAN NEIL L. , KELLY KENNETH G.
Published: November 2004

Anthropologists and archaeologists have long been interested in the intersection of social, political, and religious institutions and landscape features. Recent efforts have been aimed at elucidating the tensions between the perception and description of such features among Western and non‐Western groups. This article seeks to contribute to this project through an analysis of a series of massive ditches (c. 17th–19th centuries A.D.) in southern Bénin, West Africa. In their accounts of the region, European travelers described these features through tropes and terminology that ascribe Western military designs and exploits. With insights drawn from archaeological and anthropological data, we argue a different perspective: that groups from the West African kingdoms of Hueda and Dahomey used the built landscape to reference cosmological factors, in attempts to negotiate and shape the political landscape of the region.
In the Wake of Things: Speculating in and about Sapphires in Northern Madagascar
Authors: WALSH ANDREW
Published: November 2004

This article discusses the interrelatedness of two sorts of speculation undertaken by Malagasy sapphire miners and traders involved in the northern Malagasy sapphire trade: first, the speculating that these people do in sapphires, and, second, the speculating that they do about the uses to which sapphires are put by foreigners. Although Malagasy people involved in the local trade know a great deal about how sapphires might be profitably traded, most of them do not know why foreigners are so interested in these stones. Dubious of foreign traders' assurances that sapphires are used in the production of jewelry, they speculate a variety of alternate, secret uses for them. In this article, it is argued that these speculations emerge out of a variety of locally developed assumptions about how the sapphire trade works, and specifically, the significant roles that deception and knowledge differentials play in its operation.
A Sensory Ecology of Medicinal Plant Therapy in Two Amazonian Societies
Authors: JR. GLENN H. SHEPARD
Published: November 2004

Sensory anthropology has explored sensation as a fruitful but poorly examined domain of cross‐cultural research. Curiously, sensory anthropologists have mostly ignored scientific research into sensation, even that which addresses cross‐cultural variation. A comparative study in two Amazonian societies (Matsigenka, Yora [Nahua]) documented the role of the senses in medicinal plant therapy and benefited greatly from theoretical insights gleaned from sensory science. The study reveals a complex interweaving of cultural and ecological factors in medicinal plant selection, with sensation standing at the culture‐‐nature nexus linking medical ideas with medical materials. By synthesizing (rather than antagonizing) scientific and anthropological insights, sensation can be understood as a biocultural phenomenon rooted in human physiology yet constructed through individual experience and culture. Overcoming the limitations of a narrowly defined sensory anthropology, sensory ecology is here proposed as a new theoretical perspective for addressing human‐‐environment interactions mediated by the senses.
Representing “The World Boiled Down”
Authors: ERIKSON PATRICIA PIERCE
Published: November 2004

Museums are object‐rich environments through which very diverse audiences move. When teams of scholars, museum educators, and exhibit designers translate research into museum exhibitions, what ways of seeing do they (un)intentionally encourage, challenge, or disrupt? When representing historic paradigms through museum media, what are the most effective ways to stimulate reflection and critique? These questions are raised in this review of the book1001 Curious Things: Ye Olde Curiosity Shop and Native American Artand the Washington State History Museum exhibit of the same name.

The book and exhibit reviewed here invite us to peer through the windows of a Seattle curio shop to note particular aspects of early‐20th‐century Northwest Coast and Native Alaskan artifact trade. We learn how Ye Olde Curiosity Shop was a powerful mediator of public perception of indigenous peoples and an unexpected source of artifacts for notable ethnographic collections worldwide.
Sound of Africa! Making Music Zulu in a South African Studio
Authors: SHANNON JONATHAN H.
Published: November 2004

Sound of Africa! Making Music Zulu in. South African Studio. Louise Meintjes. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2003. 335 pp.
Drinking: Anthropological Approaches
Authors: BRANDES STANLEY
Published: November 2004

Drinking: Anthropological Approaches. Igor de Garine and Valeria de Garine. New York: Berghahn Books, 2001. 248 pp.
Colombianas en la Vanguardia
Authors: TOVAR PATRICIA
Published: November 2004

Colombianas en la Vanguardia. Lucy M. Cohen. Medellín: Universidad de Antioquia, 2001. 351 pp.
Performing Africa.
Authors: STOLLER PAUL A.
Published: November 2004

Performing Africa. Paulla A. Ebron. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2002. 244 pp.
Grave Injustice: The American Indian Repatriation Movement and NAGPRA.
Authors: COLLINS MARY
Published: November 2004

Grave Injustice: The American Indian Repatriation Movement and NAGPRA. Kathleen S. Fine‐Dare. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2002. 250 pp.
The Anthropology of Globalization: Cultural Anthropology Enters the 21st Century
Authors: KALB DON
Published: November 2004

The Anthropology of Globalization: Cultural Anthropology Enters the 21st Century. Ted C. Lewellen. Westport: Bergin and Garvey, 2002. 282 pp.
Genocide, Collective Violence, and Popular Memory: The Politics of Remembrance in the Twentieth Century
Authors: HINTON ALEXANDER L.
Published: November 2004

Genocide, Collective Violence, and Popular Memory: The Politics of Remembrance in the Twentieth Century. David E. Lorey. and William H. Beezley, eds. Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Books, 2002. 258 pp.
The Empire of Things: Regimes of Value and Material Culture
Authors: POVINELLI ELIZABETH A.
Published: November 2004

The Empire of Things: Regimes of Value and Material Culture. Fred R. Myers, ed. Santa Fe, NM: SAR Press, 2001. 366 pp.
Shades of White: White Kids and Racial Identities in High School
Authors: MOFFATT MICHAEL
Published: November 2004

Shades of White: White Kids and Racial Identities in High School. Pamela Perry. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2002. 268 pp.
Moche Sex Pots: Reproduction and Temporality in Ancient South America
Authors: WEISMANTEL MARY
Published: November 2004

This article asks the question: What is a reproductive act? Ceramics produced by the South American Moche (A.D. 150–800) depict a wide variety of sex acts but rarely feature vaginal penetration. The cross‐cultural literature, especially from Melanesia and Amazonia, is used here to argue that the relationship between sex and reproduction has been variably defined, with many acts—including anal and oral sex—sometimes perceived as reproductive. It contrasts notions of time found in Western ideas of procreation and in pornography to the expanded reproductive time frame of kin‐ and lineage‐based societies and argues that Moche ceramics, with their emphasis on the movement of fluids between bodies, do in fact portray a reproductive process. In the stratified context of Moche society, where these pots were produced for elite consumers who often placed them in tombs, these representations solidified the power of ancestors, elders, and elites.
Continuity and Creativity in Iroquois Beadwork
Authors: PERKINS MORGAN
Published: November 2004

This review essay ofAcross Borders: Beadwork in Iroquois Lifefocuses on the display of beadwork as a cultural practice that has evolved significantly throughout its history while remaining central to Iroquois identity. The exhibition draws on historical documentation, objects, and imagery that depict the varied uses of beadwork as ritual objects, sources of income, markers of identity, and as works of art. The content and narrative for the display was developed through a broad collaboration between curators, scholars, artists, and members of two Iroquois communities. The changing and continued importance of beadwork is reflected in the adaptation of materials and styles for different forms of production and use.Across Bordersplaces Iroquois beadwork in a broad context while concentrating on specific forms and meanings that are attached to beadwork, whether created in community gatherings or by individual artists.
“The Vulgar Spirit of Blogging”: On Language, Culture, and Power in Persian Weblogestan
Authors: DOOSTDAR ALIREZA
Published: November 2004

This article is an ethnographic study of Persian‐language weblogs (blogs), focusing on a divisive argument among Iranian bloggers that came to be known as the “vulgarity debate.” Sparked by a controversial blogger who ridiculed assertions that Islam was compatible with human rights, the debate revolved around the claim that blogging had a “vulgar spirit” that made it easy for everything from standards of writing to principles of logical reasoning to be undermined. My study focuses primarily on the linguistic side of the controversy: I analyze blogging as an emergent speech genre and identify the structural features and social interactions that make this genre seem “vulgar.” I also examine the controversy as a confrontation between bloggers with unequal access to cultural capital and a struggle over “intellectualist” hegemony. In the conclusion, I use the construct of “deep play” to weave together multiple layers of structure, explanation, and meaning in the debate.
Ecstasy, Ritual, and Alternate Reality: Religion in a Pluralistic World
Authors: Greenfield Sidney M.
Published: November 2004

Ecstasy, Ritual, and Alternate Reality: Religion in. Pluralistic World by Felicitas D. Goodman. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana .University Press, 1988. Pp. 193. ISBN 0‐253‐31899‐8
Cambridge Archaeological Journal
Authors: Matlock James C.
Published: November 2004

Cambridge Archaeological Jottmal. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press for the McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research. 1991. Biannual. Subscriptions $58 (institutions), $32 (individuals).
Samba in the Night: Spiritism in Brazil
Authors: Giesler Patric V.
Published: November 2004

Samba in the Night: Spiritism in Brazil. David Hess. New York: Columbia University Press, 1994. 214 pp. $25.00 (cloth).
Trance and Possession in Bali: A Window on Western Multiple Personality, Possession Disorder, and Suicide
Authors: Krippner Stanley
Published: November 2004

Trance and Possession in Bali:. Window on Western Multiple Personality, Possession Disorder, and Suicide. Luh Ketut Suryani and Gordon D. Jensen. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993. 320 pp. $39.95 (cloth).
Portals of Power: Shamanism in South America
Authors: Ripinksy‐Naxon Michael
Published: November 2004

Portals of Power: Shamanism in South America. Edited by E. Jean Matteson Langdon and Gerhard Baer. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1992. 350 pp. $35.00 (cloth).
Seeking the Hidden in Female and Secret Images: Learning About Culture as Spiritual Experience
Authors: George Marianne
Published: November 2004

This paper describes a spiritual process of learning the most powerful sort of cultural knowledge. This learning is based on creative experience of hidden and feminized images. I describe two field research experiences which illustrate the feminine way of learning meanings, and the differences between hidden and secret, experiential and objective meanings. In the first of these accounts, I learned about the meaning of women's face tattoos by becoming tattooed myself. In the second, I learned what happens at one of the most powerful rituals among the Barok of New Ireland, PNG, by participating in, and ruining, an incestuous "night dance." In describing these rituals, I focus on three issues: the necessity to quietly and fully experience meanings through creating them; the cultural imperatives to do things in the way that women do; and the cultural imperative to do incest. The Barok show that these activities destroy social meaning and create "hidden" or "spiritual power" (lolos). Barok understand that this way of creating lolos is necessary for true learning and is essential to the human process of spiritual empowerment.