bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of different numerical schemes for simulating melt motion on the surface of fuel pin
Authors: Chuhno V I , Butov A A , Usov E V
Published: July 2019

Simulation of severe accident in nuclear reactor is a key element in a safety analysis of nuclear power plants. The goal of presented paper is development of models for fuel pins melting. A detailed description of the system of equations, to simulate melt motion along fuel pin, is presented in the current paper. The system consists of mass, energy and momentum conservation equations. An analysis of hyperbolicity and stability of this system of equations is carried out. Relocation of the melt depends on the balance of the gravitational forces, friction forces between melt and surface of the fuel pins and friction between melt and coolant. The analysis of stability is made with help of Fourier transform. Up-wind scheme, MLU and MUSCL schemes are used to simulate melt motion.
A monolithic ASIC demonstrator for the Thin Time-of-Flight PET scanner
Authors: Valerio P. , Cardarelli R. , Iacobucci G. , Paolozzi L. , Ripiccini E. , Hayakawa D. , Bruno S. , Caltabiano A. , Kaynak M. , Rücker H. , Nessi M.
Published: July 2019

Time-of-flight measurement is an important advancement in PET scanners to improve image reconstruction with a lower delivered radiation dose. This article describes the monolithic ASIC for the TT-PET project, a novel idea for a high-precision PET scanner for small animals. The chip uses a SiGe Bi-CMOS process for timing measurements, integrating a fully-depleted pixel matrix with a low-power BJT-based front-end per channel, integrated on the same 100 μm thick die. The target timing resolution of the scanner is 30 ps RMS for electrons from the conversion of 511 keV photons. The system will include 1.6 million channels across almost 2000 different chips. A full-featured demonstrator chip with a 3×10 matrix of 500×500 μm2pixels was fabricated to validate each block. Its design and experimental results are presented here.
Detecting the Phenomena of Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly by Vector Autoregressive
Authors: Miftahuddin  , Maulia Eva , Setiawan Ichsan , Gul Asma , Fadhli  , Hidayati
Published: July 2019

Climate change is one of the issues and a considerable threat to the environment in the future. These changes tend to fluctuate and vary significantly with time. Mostly, climate change issues are related to global temperature. The Earth’s climate system is effected by many parameters. Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly (SSTA) is one of those parameters. The phenomena of SSTA is a necessary indicator for understanding of climate change variability. Aceh province as to the west of Indonesia has location face directly to the Indian Ocean, especially in western region, southwest, and southern. Vector Autoregressive (VAR) approach has shown that SSTA dataset has stationer and non-cointegration properties in the period 2006-2017. Based on this research, it can be concluded that the best model for SSTA with climate parameters (air temperature, rainfall, relative humidity, wind speed and short-wave radiation) is VAR with the 4th optimal lag or VAR(4). The Impulse Response Function (IRF) analysis based on VAR(4) model, which is formed to look at the phenomena of SSTA to climate parameters, shows that wind speed, rainfall and short-wave radiation have a similar pattern of detection on the equilibrium line due to shock from SSTA. It takes around 5 days for the three variables to reach the equilibrium line. Whereas the air temperature and relative humidity variables have no significant effects of shocks that occur in the sea surface temperature anomaly.
Numerical Simulations of Tsunami Wave Properties on Coastal Slopes using One Piston-Wavemaker Method
Authors: Luthfi Mumtaz , Syamsidik  , Fauzi Amir , Fatimah Eldina
Published: July 2019

Most of the coastal area in the Ulee Lheue Bay of Aceh Besar was affected by a tsunami wave during the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami. Such area has an inclined bed floor which varies in slope. Variations of slope can affect tsunami wave properties such as tsunami arrival time, wave height and velocity. With those variations, the degree of the tsunami effects is highly unpredictable. Therefore, it is important to conduct a research to understand the effects of coastal slopes on tsunami waves propagations and wave deformation. Google SketchUp was used for designing the coastal slopes’ 3 Dimensional models. For the tsunami waves, solitary waves were generated by using smoothed particle hydrodynamics numerical models through the DualSPHysics software. The computation was based on the meshless method. From the simulations, the waves’ properties were obtained and were analyzed how coastal slopes affect the arrival time of tsunami waves, also for their height and velocity. Results show that the steepest coastal slope has the highest velocity, but shortest wave height and longest arrival time. Conversely, the flattest coastal slope has the lowest velocity, but highest wave height and shortest arrival time. Longer tsunami arrival times will benefit people in the evacuation process during the hazard.
Landslide Susceptibility Mapping (LSM) in Kelud Volcano Using Spatial Multi-Criteria Evaluation
Authors: Bachri Syamsul , Sumarmi  , Yudha Irawan Listyo , Utaya Sugeng , Dwitri Nurdiansyah Farizki , Erfika Nurjanah Alif , Wahyu Ning Tyas Lela , Amri Adillah Akhmad , Setia Purnama Denny
Published: July 2019

Mount Kelud eruption on February 2014 has a tremendous impact on the surrounding physical environment which ejected more than 200x106m3 of material. Thus, triggered secondary hazard such as landslides in the surrounding area. The purpose of this study is to map landslides susceptibility using Spatial Multi-Criteria Evaluation (SMCE) approach in Kelud mountainous area in particular within KRB 1 and 2. The identification of landslide occurrence was conducted based on remote sensing data and field observation along with four considerations criteria; topography, hydrology, soil, and environmental characteristics. Each factor then reduced into several sub-criteria such as slope, aspect, topographic position index, topographic wetness index, stream power index, rainfall, soil texture, soil structure, COLE index and land use. The SMCE method was also engaged with expert judgment provided by academic university’ view and the BPBD agencies. The result showed that the river channel and surrounding areas categorized as landslide high prone area. Furthermore, eruption material found as the sources of landslides occurrences.
SVIM: A Program for Seismic Vulnerability Index Determination and HVSR Data Processing
Authors: Khalqillah Aulia , Muksin Umar , Musfirah  , Ningsih W. A. , Irwandi
Published: July 2019

The seismic vulnerability of an area is important to be determined in order to reduce the risk of earthquake disaster. Ones need to calculate the values of dominant frequency and amplification from the Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR). Currently existing software for HVSR data processing, Geopsy, does not include seismic vulnerability index calculation. Using Geopsy, ones also need additional software for mapping purposes. From that problem, we introduce a Graphical User Interface (GUI) program for seismic vulnerability index determination and Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) data processing and plotting the results into a map of the study area. The program is called SVIM (Seismic Vulnerability Index of Microtremor). The program has been built using Matlab and successfully tested to 21 microtremor data points acquired in Lamteuba, Aceh Besar, Aceh, Indonesia. We compared our results with those resulted from the calculation by using Geopsy and validated using coefficient correlation. The validation shown that the correlation coefficient of seismic vulnerability index was 96,40%, the correlation coefficient of frequency was 84,19%, and the correlation coefficient of amplification was 95,80%. We conclude the SVIM program can be used for seismic vulnerability index determination and HVSR data processing. The mapping part will be included in the SVIM software so that the users can easily obtain the necessary map.
Mineral Identification of Sedimentary Deposits of the 2004 Tsunami on the Aceh Besar Coast, Indonesia
Authors: Ismail  , Ismail Nazli
Published: July 2019

Understanding tsunami deposit is quite important in order to understand the history of the tsunami and its process deeply. Nonetheless, most tsunami deposit studies only discussed the sediment grain characteristics, not the mineral contents in the deposits. Meanwhile, understanding the minerals in tsunami deposits is essential in order to understand the sediment composition deeply. Thus, we have utilized X-Ray Fluorescence and X-Ray Diffraction to study the sedimentary deposits of the 26 December 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami on the Aceh Besar coast, Indonesia. Our results showed that the sedimentary deposits of tsunami 2004 on the Aceh Besar coast contain 55% of SiO2, 19% of Fe2O3, 12% of Al2O3, 9% of CaO, 3% of K2O, and 2% of TiO2. The deposits are found to be crystalline with the average crystallite size of 678 Å. There is no heavy mineral found in the tsunami deposit from Aceh Besar coast. Our results revealed that the composition of mineral contained in the sedimentary deposits of tsunami 2004 on the Aceh Besar coast is the same as those from the volcanic ash.
Application of C-band Doppler Weather Radar (CDR) for Detecting Volcanic Ash Dispersion of Sinabung Eruption 19 February 2018
Authors: Irwandi I. , Ilhamsyah Yopi , Permana Donaldi S , Haloho Melanton P , Prasetyo Budi , Dana Isya N.
Published: July 2019

The weather radar is generally employed to forecast the potential of hydrometeorological hazard. In the present paper, we focus on the application of C-band Doppler Weather Radar (CDR) to identify February 19th, 2018 Sinabung volcanic eruption and its dispersion by using a direct product in the form of CMAX (Column Max) retrieved from reflectivity factor (dBz). The distribution of reflectivity factor varies from the center of the eruption to the farther location indicating the dispersion of material size erupted by the Sinabung. Lapili which is larger material size with 48dBz tends to locate in the nearby volcanic area. The medium size of the material like coarse volcanic ash with 33 dBz of reflectivity was floating in the air and carried away by the wind. Meanwhile fine volcanic ash with 10 dBz of reflectivity flies a great distance along with the wind.
Source Mechanism Analysis By Using Tensor Moment Inversion (Study Case : Pidie Jaya Earthquake in 2016 December 7th)
Authors: Simanjuntak Andrean V H , Muksin Umar , Qadariyah  , Setiawan Yosi , Irwandi
Published: July 2019

The earthquake event with M 6.7, on 7th December 2106 in Pidie Jaya, inflicted heavy casualties and material losses. In 1967, an earthquake event occurred near Pidie Jaya with M 6.1 which caused by Samalanga fault. However, the Pidie Jaya earthquake, although very close, but was not caused by the Samalanga fault activity. The latest, an unkown fault was considered as an active fault and the location of earthquake sources and and a part of the branching of Samalanga fault. It is very interesting to discuss, generally earthquake in Aceh, always happen on Sumatera fault’s path. Analysis of earthquake source mechanism is very important to do, to know the fault characteristic and direction. The analysis in this study involves inversion of tensor moments with isola program on each recording component, which will provide a synthetic wave as a comparison. The earthquake mechanism which obtained from the inversion is strike-slip with left-lateral and has the parameter strike 254°, dip 80°, and rake 48° on the first nodal plane as the true nodal. While, the second nodal has the plane parameter is strike 153°, dip 42°, and rake 165°. From these parameters, the first nodal plane that has a strike 153° is considered to be interpreting the new fault line as it is also followed by the direction of the spread of aftershocks. These result indicate that the Samalanga Fault is not the cause the Pidie Jaya earthquake, and shows the real direction of Pidie Jaya fault from South-West to North-East with lef-lateral orientation.
Mathematical Model for Mangrove Protections Toward Nearshore Process
Authors: Arif Salmawaty
Published: July 2019

This research developed a mathematical model to evaluate positive effects of mangroves to nearshore process. Particular purpose of the study was to conduct the analytical calculation for the steady condition of wave energy density and wave heights distributions due to the presence of mangroves. The method used was an expansion of the equations for nearshore quantities from the general condition to the one with the existence of mangroves. First, the wave energy density was calculated analytically by solving the wave energy conservation equation. The analytic solution for energy quantity is a function of position variable, involving longshore currents component and other physical constant parameters. The next step was to insert the dissipation of wave energy flux due to wave breaking into another energy balance equation involving mangroves effects. The mangroves contribution is represented by the dissipation due to the existence of the plants in the water. Other quantities included in the model are the wave group velocity and the dissipation due to bottom friction flux. Then the wave heights distribution concerning the mangroves effect was derived from the wave energy density function governed.
The Correlation Between P-Wave Velocity Value With Pathways Of Geothermal Manifestation In The Area Ie Jue, Aceh Besar As Hazardous Side Study
Authors: Asrillah  , Wahyuni D , Muksin Umar
Published: July 2019

Refraction seismic survey has been carried out in the manifestation area of Ie Jue, Seulawah Agam Volcano Region, Seulimuem, Aceh Besar Regency. This research aims to identify weak zones related to channel of geothermal outflow that would bring about a potential hazard for human activity and that goal is obtained by exstracting information from P-wave velocity. The data acquisition was conducted for two seismic lines located near to the geothermal manifestation area of Ie Jue. Both of the seismic lines were set up by linking the 24 geophones to the Seismograph PASI 16S and placing them in three meters spacing of each other. The offsets either left or right were laid out at 35 meters from first and last geophones, so the total spread length of each seismic line is 139 meters. The data recorded by the tool then were processed by using ZONDST2D and finally, the 2D velocity profile was obtained. The results show that the 2D velocity profiles illuminate us to potray and interpret the features figured out. The most valuable information provided by the profile is the existance of such the weak zones of the first and second seismic lines at relatively near-surface depth. These weak zones were suspected as the fractured or low-velocity zones, where their velocity ranges approximately at 0.2 - 1.2 km/sec. These low-velocity layers are strongly predicted as the pathways or channels of the geothermal fluids that appears to the surface. The shallow weak zones are potentially to become the hazard grounds because they are regularly traversed by timber trucks from which the dynamic load will be pushing them down. As consequence, the ground surfaces could gradually become a land subsidence endangering human activity within the vicinity of the area.
Constructing Volcanic Hazard Video Toward Student Comprehension of Kelud Volcano Disaster Prone Area And Its Environment Characteristics
Authors: Irawan L Y , Sumarmi  , Bachri S , Sari A R O , Wahyudi A , Ayuni I K , Lailunnahar S , Dirgantara S D
Published: July 2019

This paper aim to presents several procedural proccess to develop learning material toward volcanic disaster with case study Kelud Volcano in East Java. Last eruption of Kelud volcano occured on 13th February 2014. This eruption phase has a big impact in large area especially in disaster prone area in Blitar, Kediri, and Malang. Volcanic pyroclastic material and lahar became serious hazardous problem. Some people who live in disaster area actually have not any experience coupling with volcanic disaster. In volcanic disaster management one most important thing is preparing people to reduce disaster risk. To achieve this purpose people especially student need to understand or have comprehension toward hazard, vulnerability, and risk of Kelud Volcano. Hence, need an effective media to reach student comprehension by using video. The video was developed by using design and development research. This video present series of Kelud volcanic hazard, vulnerability, people capacity to reduce disaster risk. The video is used to student in the senior high school. The result of using could increasing students understanding/comprehension toward Kelud volcano its environmental characteristics, hazard, vulnerability, and how to enhance people capacity toward disaster risk reduction. The final finding shows that learning material in form of video is used full to increasing student knowledge, comprehension, and capacity in the efforts of disaster risk reduction.
An effect of tsunami to hotel occupancy: A case of Phuket, Thailand
Authors: Tang J , Leelawat N , Suppasri A , Imamura F
Published: July 2019

As a popular city for global tourists, more than one third of the Phuket GPP depends on the hotel and restaurant sector. The 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami caused a serious physical damage to hotels and a high cancellation of bookings in the post disaster period, which, in turn, led to most THB 3 billion drop of the hotel and restaurant sector income in 2005 in Phuket. In addition, many tourism facilities in Phuket suffered bankruptcy or a slump, because they started their business again immediately after the reconstruction phase, while tourists did not really come back. This paper is an initiative study of our research project to evaluate the effects of the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami on Hotel Occupancy, with a focus on the speed for the physical reconstruction and tourism market recovery. We collected the physical reconstruction period and the hotel occupancy recovery data of six hotels that located in the Patong Beach of Phuket from 2003 to 2017. Through calculation, the average of damage rate (i.e., unavailability of the rooms in this study) is 55.89%, with an average speed for the physical reconstruction to rebuild the rooms about 6.07% of the overall rooms per month. The quotient of these two values indicates that the reconstruction period is around 9.2 months. However, the average period for reconstruction and tourism recovery is about 20 months. There is an about 11 months’ delay between that hotel and resorts have finished the reconstruction and the tourists start to visit Phuket as usual. Therefore, the local government, local tourist authority, and hotel entrepreneurs can consider these findings in order to prepare the recovery plan for tourism industry in the future tsunami.
Evaluating Disaster Instructional Material Questions in Geography Textbook: Using Taxonomy of Spatial Thinking to Support Disaster Preparedness
Authors: Ridha S , Utaya S , Bachri S , Handoyo B
Published: July 2019

This paper discusses whether instructional material questions about disaster in geography textbooks contain three components of spatial thinking, namely: 1) concepts of space, 2) tools of representation, and 3) processes of reasoning. The taxonomy of spatial thinking is used to evaluate the instructional material questions about disaster in geography textbook of senior high school in Indonesia. A survey was conducted to select geography textbooks that were most dominantly used in senior high school. Four geography textbooks with curriculum 2013 were chosen and evaluated. These textbooks are used as learning resources by majority of teachers and standardized by the National Education Standards Agency (BSNP).Then, the books were reviewed in instructional material questions about disaster and the questions were evaluated. Evaluation is done by coding technique using taxonomy of spatial thinking. The evaluation result showed that spatial concepts of instructional material questions about disaster were still classified as low, even 73 percent of questions was designed without using concepts of space (non-spatial). Besides, the majority of representation tools were not used. From 189 questions evaluated, only 27 questions or 14 percent used tools of representation. In addition, the majority of reasoning processes was at the average level (processing) or 47 percent. The processes of reasoning should be run with student’s activities to obtain high level cognitive processes, for example by create maps and designing an area for disaster evacuation. In brief, from spatial perspective, this study revealed that instructional material questions about disaster in geography textbooks have not supported preparedness in facing disaster. Therefore, teachers and textbook writers need to develop instructional material questions about disaster from spatial perspective to support disaster preparedness.
Transforming the Archives of the Great East Japan Earthquake into Global Natural Disaster Archives
Authors: Shibayama A. , Boret S.
Published: July 2019

Soon after the devastation brought by Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE), a variety of Japanese agencies and organizations began to build digital archives of the disaster. Seven years onwards, over fifty digital archives collect and release millions of earthquake records. These earthquake disaster digital archive created for the Great East Japan Earthquake have the potential to lead the way for more general measures and countermeasures to reduce the impact of future ‘natural’ disasters. 1 We also believe that the records and knowledge of ‘natural’ disasters must be systematized and shared worldwide. As a first step, this research sheds light on examples and subjects of the digital archive of GEJE and report on basic knowledge that serves for the development of digital archive of ‘natural’ disasters’ in the future.
Braille Monopoly Game as a Tool of Disaster Mitigation Education for Visual Disabilities
Authors: Maharani D , Afifuddin M , Putri D A , Setiawan K , Ansari S A
Published: July 2019

Disaster mitigation is a series of efforts to reduce disaster risk, through physical development and capacity building to face disaster threats. This effort is important, especially in Aceh Province, which is a disaster-prone area. People with visual disabilities are vulnerable to disaster threat. Special facilities are needed to educate them about disaster mitigation. This program designs “Monopoli Bencana (Monca)” as a disaster mitigation learning media for people with visual disabilities. Monca aims to increase their awareness, knowledge and understanding related to disaster mitigation. Program implementation uses the one shoot pretest-posttest method. This program covers three important things, starting with socialization, direct discussion, and the practice of playing Monca. The target of this program is the people with visual disabilities in the UPTD Rumoh Seujahtera Beujroh Meukarya (RSBM). This program has three final results, namely: 1) Monca as an educational game equipped with braille: 2) Disaster mitigation pocket book printed in braille; 3) There is an increase in knowledge and awareness of the importance of disaster mitigation for at least 11 children who participated in the program.
Media Engagement in Communicating Disaster Risk After the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami: A Perspective from Aceh
Authors: Fakhruradhi  , Norma Susanti RM , Pratama Agung , Fitri Rina , Raudhiah Siti , Zahrina  , Rahman Alfi , Munadi Khairul
Published: July 2019

The conflict that lasted in Aceh for approximately 32 years, followed by the tsunami of 2004, had a significant impact by causing numerous casualties as well as material and nonmaterial losses. As a result, the media in Aceh recognized the need to be more active in reporting news about disasters and disaster mitigation. The role of the media as a liaison between the government and the community has been regulated by law, including as related to the publication of disaster mitigation efforts. The purpose of this study is to determine the role and involvement of the media in supporting disaster risk reduction and communicating disaster risks through the Acehnese community. This study used descriptive qualitative methods to obtain an actual picture of the involvement and role of the media in Aceh in communicating disaster risk. The results of this study indicate that the media in Aceh have not played a significant role in providing disaster risk information. Disaster programs trended and presented in the media mostly during the emergency stage, being less common after the disaster event.
Archiving Disaster Remains: The Case of ”Sasanao Factory” in Yuriage Village, Natori City, Miyagi Prefecture
Authors: Sato S , Suppasri A , Boret S P , Nakagawa M , Imamura F
Published: July 2019

In the areas affected by the 2011 Great East Japan tsunami, some damaged buildings were proposed to be preserved as “Disaster Remain” to share this experience and educating future generations. However, many these potential buildings were eventually demolished. This study aims to provide an alternative and eventually a consensus among communities that faced conflicts over the preservation or destruction of such disaster buildings. The methodology consists of 3D building modelling, tsunami numerical simulation and recording tsunami evacuation behaviour with interview survey. In sum, this practical study of “Sasanao Factory” demonstrates that the archiving of disaster remain can offer a compromise between those who wish to preserve disaster ruins, here the owner of the building, and those who want or need their destruction, here local government.
GIS Application in Mapping of Forest and Land Fires and Mitigation in Banjarbaru City, South Kalimantan
Authors: Khairunnisa Fikhriyah , Ratna Rosalena Indah
Published: July 2019

Forest and land fires is an important issue to be concerned due to its impact to the environment, especially in Banjarbaru City, South Kalimantan. Since the city is used as government area and mostly located in peatland, the prevention is needed to overcome the fires disaster. It can be done by using Geographic Information System (GIS). This study aims to mapping and analyzing the susceptible area of forest and land fires and its mitigation to overcome it. the level of susceptible of forest and land fires is the possibility of fires disaster which is done by GIS to define the priority area of mitigation. The modelling processed to obtained the susceptible area of forest and land fires by using GIS application. Geographic Information System (GIS) applied by using in ArcMap 10.2 facilitates the coating process between fires-causing factors. Physical environmental factors and human activities are two main factors of forest and land fires disaster. Factors used in modelling are land type, altitude and landuse. Each of them has score and percentage due to its risk to the fires disaster. From the modelling of fires-causing factors in Arc. Map 10.2 has been generated the susceptible area of forest and land fires. There are five level of susceptible area, such as not susceptible, low, moderate, high, and very high. Banjarbaru has five district, namely Lianganggang, Landasanulin, Banjarbaru Utara, Banjarbaru Selatan, and Cempaka. The very high area is around 15% area of Banjarbaru City and located in north and west area of Lianganggang district, north area of Landasanulin District and in the west of Banjarbaru Utara district. The high area has about 32% area of Banjarbaru City which is located in South Lianganggang district, southwest and east of Landasanulin district, in the center and west area of Cempaka district and also in north and east part of Banjarbaru Utara. The moderate level of forest and land fires disaster has about 17% area of this city that located in the middle of Lianganggang, southeast of Landasanulin, and south and west part of Cempaka district. And the low level has 32% area of the city and mostly located in cempaka, Banjarbaru utara dan Banjarbaru Selatan district. The last, not susceptible area is only about 0,13% in Cempaka district. The mitigation mostly located in Landasanulin dan Lianganggang district by making canals and boreholes. Local people are also encouraged to do quick response action by giving them water machine to extinguish the fires if it suddenly happened around them while waiting the helicopter from BNPB coming to help. Banjarbaru City, South Kalimantan Selatan is susceptible enough of forest and land fires disaster, especially in the west of Banjarbaru city. The susceptible area of forest and land fires is useful to assist in monitoring and determining priority areas in fires disaster mitigation. Besides, it useful to improve the level of local people awareness to not do something at risk of causing fires.
Mercury (II) Ions Assessment as a Toxic Waste Hazard in Solution Based on Imagery Data for a Part of Environmental Disaster Management
Authors: Fitri Zarlaida , Adlim Muhammad , Syukri Surbakti Muhammad , Fairuz Omar Ahmad , Ananda Sijabat Fakhry , Syahreza Saumi
Published: July 2019

It has been made and calibrated a device to detect dissolved mercury (II) ions as a toxic hazard using Arduino Uno and color sensor TCS3200. The purpose of this design was to realize a device for detecting dissolved mercury (II) ions as heavy metal pollution based on the relation of soluble mercury ion concentration to the liquid from the imagery data. Conjoint natural and technological disasters like the Mercury may pose tremendous risks to regions which are unprepared for such disasters. The results could be an environmental disaster, particularly when these occur in a highly populated area. Controlling the levels of dissolved mercury ions on a regular basis is a part of the environmental disaster management. The device works by converting any light by the photodiode optical sensor when the output is such a magnitude of an electrical current which proportional to the received light color level. The currents that are processed using the Arduino IDE software to extract the RGB values of the dissolved mercury (II) ions image data. Dissolved mercury ions generally do not have the necessary color, therefore, biocatalyst as reagents to generate color in a solution containing the mercury and this study using the Silver Nanoparticles. After reacted with a solution of known concentration of mercury in the value of the solution then carried out on a sample data collection to determine the RGB color values in the solution. In general, the device can be used as a color calibrator applied to the detection of dissolved mercury (II) ions by the obtained image data.
Escape Hill as Geotechnical Quick Response Method in Facing Upcoming Tsunami Disaster
Authors: Munirwan R P , Munirwansyah
Published: July 2019

High number of casualties due to Aceh’s Tsunami in 26th December 2004 was because of lack of information regarding to the disaster among Aceh government and people at that time. Escape building as a quick response for tsunami disaster may become an inevitable action in shoreline of Banda Aceh in facing forthcoming disaster. Moreover, as a result of open space need due to environmentally friendly infrastructure campaign nowadays, the construction of green design of escape hill can be considered. Escape hill can also be functionalized as recreation zone like green park. This article study purpose is to design an escape hill with the rule of geotechnical engineering aspect namely bearing capacity of soil below the escape hill and slope soil stability for the designing escape hill. Deah Baro Village of Meuraxa district was chosen as an escape hill design location. Several undisturbed soil samples were taken within this village for obtaining the existing soil parameters. There were eight hills modelling have been conducted by using Plaxis software. Based on the slope stability result from Plaxis software and by using natural soil as subgrade with soil classification of A-1-b as AASHTO method, the settlement value of final model dimension was 9.117 cm with safety factor of 1.507. The safety factor is still acceptable because of still larger that 1.5 as a standard value for slope safety factor. Escape hill geometry dimension is 12 m high which is larger than tsunami run up wave with soil pressure was calculate per layers of 2 m.
Coastal Environment and Social Environment Affecting the Vulnerability of Communities to Malaria Events in the Coastal Area of Syiah Kuala Sub-district of Banda Aceh
Authors: Edi B , Ida Yustina , Juanita
Published: July 2019

Banda Aceh city is dominated by coastal areas which are vulnerable areas as malaria vector breeding sites, Syiah Kuala Sub-district is one of the Sub-districts located in coastal areas with Annual Malaria Incident of 133 cases in 2017. This study aims to analyze coastal environmental factors and social environment against malaria. This type of research is a survey, using the mixed method model Concurrent Embedded method with a population of all households in 6 Villages of 5,628 households taking a sample of 112 respondents using the proportion formula. Data collection was done through questionnaires, observations, distance measurements and in-depth interviews with 6 informants, the data were analyzed bivariately using the chi-square test. The results showed that there were influences of lagoons, fish ponds, activities at certain times and knowledge of the incidence of malaria. Maintenance of malaria elimination can be optimized with coordinated, integrated planning and implementation efforts in the malaria breakdown forum. Raising and enhancing partnerships with various programs, sectors, NGOs, religious organizations, professional organizations, international organizations, donor institutions, business institutions and all levels of society by conducting migration surveys, investigating at-risk residents and monitoring the mobility of people who come and go to endemic areas to prevent malaria cases from re-entering. Malaria vector control in larva and positive larvae in the location focus by involving the community to support malaria elimination maintenance programs, especially in potential mosquito breeding sites such as lagoons, unproductive fish ponds by maintaining tilapia and blue panchax.
The Evolution of Localized Housing Recovery in Japan
Authors: Maly Elizabeth , Iwata Tsukasa
Published: July 2019

Localized disaster recovery housing refers to housing made using local resources (materials, people, and skills). Using local resources to build temporary and permanent housing for people who lost their homes helps revitalize the disaster-affected area by contributing to the local economy and supporting local businesses. In the context of Japan, localized housing recovery can be understood as using some or all of the following: timber materials; traditional/local wood construction methods; and local companies and craftspeople. The term ‘localized housing recovery,’ chiikigata juutaku fukkou in Japanese, was first used in the recovery of the Yamakoshi area of Nagaoka City after the 2004 Chuetsu Earthquake, where local timber and carpenters were included from the post-disaster planning through rebuilding phases. While wooden temporary housing was rarely used since the 1995 Great Hanshin Earthquake in Kobe, after the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake a “localized type” of construction used local natural resources for the construction of wooden temporary housing or recovery housing, including over 6,000 units of wooden temporary housing in Fukushima Prefecture alone. A similar approach was used after the 2011 Flood Disaster in the Kii Peninsula. This paper provides an overview of the evolution process of this localized recovery housing in Japan.
Scenario based logistic capacity assessment for disaster preparedness
Authors: Nugroho A , Maulana H , Fachruddin  , Ariyati N , Kurniawan D
Published: July 2019

Disasters that occur in various locations will definitely have impacts on infrastructure damage such as roads, bridges, markets, shopping centers. The perceived disturbances will eventually disrupt logistics distribution (including food) and other basic needs from the point of entering logistics (logistics center) to evacuation sites (victims). In the case of less severe disasters, disturbances can cause logistical delays from producers to consumers. Finally, this can cause price volatility due to the stocks decrease. This study focuses on areas along the two main routes in Aceh: the East and West routes. The object of this study includes all information related to logistic distribution are producers, collectors, traders, wholesalers, consumers, and shipping companies and related local government agencies. This study applied scenario based on the combination of multiple models and geographical information system to identify the optimal location to aid emergency logistics transportation routes. The results of this study indicate that logistics distribution is still very dependent on land transportation modes such as trucks and containers. Ports and airports have not been used optimally while the progress of railway construction is plodding.
Do villages allocate sufficient fund for disaster risk reduction? A survey of 10 villages in Banda Aceh
Authors: Fahlevi H , Nur M F , Arifin M , Azril A
Published: July 2019

This study aims to assess and evaluate the disaster budget in 10 villages in Banda Aceh. By using a qualitative descriptive approach, this study analyzed budgets and other financial information from 10 selected villages in Banda Aceh. The villages were affected by the 2004 tsunami. A survey and series of interviews were conducted to obtain a more detailed understanding of why the villages do or do not allocate sufficient disaster budget allocations. This study unveils that the villages allocated a very small disaster budgets ranging from 0.00 to 0.88% of their total budget. The disaster budgets were mainly allocated as cash financial assistance to disaster victims, rather than as preventive programs. The reasons behind the small allocation to disaster budgets in the villages are (1) disaster budget is not spent/used, (2) high dependence on the Banda Aceh city in term of disaster management, (3) very strict financial regulations on the use of village funds, (4) insufficient Village Funds, and (5) lack of knowledge of DRR among village government officers. The result of this study can be used to improve the capacity of village apparatus in disaster management as well as to enhance the financing of DRR programs in Indonesia.
What is the role of accounting in disaster recovery and relief? A literature review
Authors: Fahlevi H , Indriani M , Mulyany R , Nadirsyah
Published: July 2019

This study explores the role of accounting system and its output on government’s and donors’ responses to disasters across the world. It discusses potential contribution and limitation of accounting in the disaster relief and recovery process. To do so, a literature review of 22 papers on accounting and disaster is performed. The review papers were search and gathered from reputable journals indexed in Scopus database. This study discovers that accounting can play a more extensive role, rather than dealing merely with financial loss calculation and budget preparation for disaster recovery and relief program. Accounting has a broader role and this extended role has not been sufficiently covered in several previous studies. The role of accounting in responding to disasters is beyond the calculative function and passive recording of events. Accounting can support the establishment of exceptional governance, facilitate dialogue and create mutual understanding between stakeholders through financial information. In addition, accounting can assist the projects monitoring and evaluation and its outputs (budget, unit cost calculation, and storage bookkeeping) can be used by researchers to understand what really happens and how society responses to disasters.
Why tsunami survivors remain living in the same location? Evidences from Lampulo Village, Banda Aceh
Authors: Ilhamsyah Siregar Muhammad , Carnegie Dawood Taufiq , Fakhruddin  , Zakia Rizki Cut , Fitriyani  , Reza Muhammad
Published: July 2019

This research aims to analyse factors influencing the Indian Ocean tsunami survivors to remain in the same location after the tsunami. Logistic model is utilized to measure factors influencing the decision to choose the tsunami affected village after the tsunami. Those factors are land ownership, income level, and profession. The concerned location is Lampulo Village in Banda Aceh, which was severely affected by the tsunami in 26 December 2004. Data is primary data generated from field interview for 200 respondents, divided evenly for respondents who used to live in the village but decided to move away and live in different locations, and respondents who remain living in the village. The results suggest that the main reason to choose resettling in the affected village is merely the land ownership. In other words, people who have lands in the village will have higher likelihood to remain living in the village 1.5 times higher than those who do not have lands. Other factors are not statistically important in decision making to remain in the village. The implication of this research show that disaster survivors will tend to choose the same location after disaster. It implies the stronger need to reduce the risks of potential disaster in those locations, making the human settlement safer against future disaster. This paper recommend policy makers to avoid relocating survivors to different locations, and to invest public funds to strengthen disaster preparedness in the disaster prone areas.
Farmers’ knowledge, perceptions, and participation on the implementation of crop insurance program in Aceh Besar
Authors: Fadhliani Z , Yustika E , Nugroho A , Hamid A H
Published: July 2019

The evaluation toward the implementation of crop insurance in Indonesia have been received relatively little attention. This study analyzes knowledge, perception and participation of farmers toward the implementation of the crop insurance program (AUTP) by using data from 80 subjects in Suka Makmur Subdistrict in the Regency of Aceh Besar. Utilizing a questionnaire, we display farmers’ knowledge, perception, and participation reported based on frequencies. One-way ANOVA tests with the associated post-hoc tests, is performed to examine significant differences among means of knowledge, perception and participation levels with the independent variables being age, gender, education, household income, rice field area, and land ownership. The results indicate that only less than half of farmers have overall good knowledge, despite their participation in AUTP. Most of subjects respond relatively low level of participation toward AUTP. Knowledge, perception and participation levels are varied significantly based on the independent variables, but gender. In general, this study has shown farmers’ low level of knowledge, perception and participation toward the implementation of AUTP crop insurance which can significantly affect the sustainability of the crop insurance program. Therefore, emphasis on the program to boost the level of knowledge, perception and participation of the farmers is needed.
PTM-Logo: a program for generation of sequence logos based on position-specific background amino-acid probabilities
Authors: Saethang Thammakorn , Hodge Kenneth , Yang Chin-Rang , Zhao Yue , Kimkong Ingorn , Knepper Mark A , Pisitkun Trairak
Published: July 2019

Identification of the amino-acid motifs in proteins that are targeted for post-translational modifications (PTMs) is of great importance in understanding regulatory networks. Information about targeted motifs can be derived from mass spectrometry data that identify peptides containing specific PTMs such as phosphorylation, ubiquitylation and acetylation. Comparison of input data against a standardized ‘background’ set allows identification of over- and under-represented amino acids surrounding the modified site. Conventionally, calculation of targeted motifs assumes a random background distribution of amino acids surrounding the modified position. However, we show that probabilities of amino acids depend on (i) the type of the modification and (ii) their positions relative to the modified site. Thus, software that identifies such over- and under-represented amino acids should make appropriate adjustments for these effects. Here we present a new program, PTM-Logo, that generates representations of these amino acid preferences (‘logos’) based on position-specific amino-acid probability backgrounds calculated either from user-input data or curated databases.

Availability and implementation

PTM-Logo is freely available online at http://sysbio.chula.ac.th/PTMLogo/ or https://hpcwebapps.cit.nih.gov/PTMLogo/.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
A Worm's World: Ecological Flexibility Pays Off for Free-Living Nematodes in Sediments and Soils
Authors: Schratzberger Michaela , Holterman Martijn , van Oevelen Dick , Helder Johannes
Published: July 2019

Free-living nematodes, an ancient animal phylum of unsegmented microscopic roundworms, have successfully adapted to nearly every ecosystem on Earth: from marine and freshwater to land, from the polar regions to the tropics, and from the mountains to the ocean depths. They are globally the most abundant animals in sediments and soils. In the present article, we identify the factors that collectively explain the successful ecological proliferation of free-living nematodes and demonstrate the impact they have on vital sediment and soil processes. The ecological success of nematodes is strongly linked to their ability to feed on various food sources that are present in both sediments and soils, and to proliferate rapidly and survive in contrasting environmental conditions. The adaptations, roles, and behaviors of free-living nematodes have important implications for the resilience of sediments and soils, and for emergent animal communities responding to human alterations to ecosystems worldwide.
A Decision Framework for Coastal Infrastructure to Optimize Biotic Resistance and Resilience in a Changing Climate
Authors: Mayer-Pinto Mariana , Dafforn Katherine A , Johnston Emma L
Published: July 2019

Coastal ecosystems are under growing pressure from human activities such as pollution and climate change. Although the rapidly growing numbers of humans living in coastal areas is a large part of the problem, there is great opportunity to improve the resistance and resilience of biotic communities via creative changes to the engineering design of built infrastructure. Here, we apply ecological theories to create a framework for adaptive building in marine systems that can be applied by managers worldwide. We explain how climate effects could be mitigated across different spatial scales with both physical and biological interventions. This requires an approach based on ecological theory that incorporates our understanding of how systems withstand (resistance) or recover (resilience) from impacts and takes into account future local and global environmental conditions. By translating ecological theory into practical application, we propose a framework for the choice and design of coastal infrastructure that can underpin effective, forward-looking conservation strategies.