bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors Associated with Emergency Department Patients’ Knowledge of Their Borderline Personality Disorder Diagnosis
Authors: Artioli Mariasole , Bougon Emmanuelle , Mathur Anjali , Salles Juliette
Published: March 2022

BackgroundResearch on borderline personality disorder (BDP) has shown that less intensive, easier-to-learn approaches like good psychiatric management (GPM) are especially effective when based on patient knowledge of their diagnosis and the provision of psychoeducation. However, issues with failing to make the diagnosis are also described in the literature. This study therefore aimed to explore the sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with the challenges of detecting BDP and providing a diagnosis to patients. MethodsA retrospective database maintained at Toulouse University Hospital was employed in the study. This contains information on 202 patients with a CIM -10 F60.3 diagnosis admitted to the short-term hospitalization unit of the adult psychiatric emergency department (ED). This data was used to compare the sociodemographic and clinical benchmarks associated with knowledge of the criteria employed for diagnosing BDP. We then performed a multimodal logistic regression analysis.FindingsWe found that 63% of the BDP patients in the database were aware of their diagnosis. The regression model identified that the factors associated with this knowledge were: a history of hospitalization on a psychiatric ward (OR=6.1; 95% CI= [2.3-17]); having a major depressive disorder (MDD) diagnosis (OR=0.4; 95% CI= [0.1-0.9]); and the number of admissions to the ED in the previous 12 months (OR=1.25; 95% CI= [1.02-1.5]). ConclusionsThe main factor associated with knowledge of a BDP diagnosis was previous hospitalization on a psychiatric ward, suggesting a lack of disclosure in outpatient care. This could mean that incorporating a period of short-term hospitalization (as occurs in the ED) in the healthcare provided could not only improve how physicians detect the disorder, but also their delivery of the diagnosis to patients.
Heterogeneous Inheritance in Autism Genes Shared Across Neurodevelopmental and Neuromuscular Disorders in Consanguineous Singlets
Authors: Ghasemi Mohammad-Reza , Sadeghi Hossein , Hashemi-Gorji Farzad , Mirfakhraie Reza , Gupta Vijay , Ben-Mahmoud Afif , Razjouyan Katayoon , Salehpour Shadab , Tonekaboni Seyed Hassan , Dianatpour Mehdi , Omrani Davood , Layman Lawrence C. , Kim Hyung-Goo , Miryounesi Mohammad
Published: March 2022

Background
Autosomal recessive genetic disorders are leading health concerns in countries with consanguineous marriage. However, previously there was no strong association of consanguinity with autosomal dominant or X-linked inheritance patterns. Whether this would be the case in singlet consanguineous families remained unexplored.
Methods
The current study aimed to identify the disease genes and their inheritance patterns in 12 independent Iranian consanguineous singlet families with syndromic autism.
Results
Exome sequencing revealed two missense and two nonsense variants (one in each gene: IQSEC2, FOXG1, DMD, and CHKB) in four out of 12 families, thereby offering an aetiologic diagnosis. Autism, intellectual disability, learning disability, developmental delay, and behavioral problems were common features in these four families, and three individuals presented with impaired motor skills such as abnormal gait. Muscular dystrophy coupled with hypotonia were noted in two individuals, whereas in the remaining two families ADHD combined with language/speech delay were present. Along with the two X-linked (IQSEC2 and DMD), one autosomal dominant (FOXG1) and one autosomal recessive genes (CHKB) were found in these four consanguineous families. Two genes-DMD and CHKB- are known to be mainly involved in muscular dystrophy.
Limitation:
our study significance is limited by the small sample size, 12 individuals, and lack of functional experiment on a VUS on the DMD variant.
Conclusion
Our findings illustrate the mixed inheritance pattern in consanguineous singlet families and highlight the association of autism spectrum disorder with muscular dystrophy, both of which are seemingly not related.
Microbial Consortia: an Engineering Tool to Mitigate the Clubroot Incidence on Chinese Cabbage by Reshaping the Rhizosphere Microbiome
Authors: Zhang Jinhao , Dai Zhenlin , Ahmed Waqar , Zhou Xinghai , He Zulei , Wei Lanfang , Ji Guanghai
Published: March 2022

Clubroot disease caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae is a serious threat to Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis) production, which results in extensive yield losses. At present, clubroot control mainly depends on pesticides that have food safety concerns, and the application of sole biocontrol agents cannot successfully control the disease. In this study, we investigated the biocontrol effect of Bacillus cereus BT-23, Lysobacter antibioticus 13-6, and Lysobacter capsici ZST1-2 as sole strains, intra-/inter-genus co-culture, and microbial consortia on clubroot disease, plant growth, and rhizosphere bacterial diversity in a field experiment. This study showed that the application of microbial consortia efficiently controls the incidence of clubroot disease with a biocontrol effect of about 65.78% by decreasing the soil acidity and enhancing the yield (2909.8 Kg/666.67 m2). Alleviation of soil acidity results in the abundance and improved activity of beneficial microorganisms in the rhizosphere soil of Chinese cabbage. High throughput sequencing results demonstrated that bacterial phyla Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes were present in high relative abundance in the rhizosphere soil of Chinese cabbage. The application of microbial consortia recovers the imbalance of indigenous micro-ecology and alters the diversity and structure of rhizosphere bacterial communities. Therefore, we conclude that microbial consortia can reduce the clubroot incidence on Chinese cabbage by reshaping the rhizosphere microbiome and decreasing the soil acidity. This study suggested microbial consortia as a new engineering tool to control devastating soilborne disease in commercial crops.
Image-guided LINAC radiosurgery in hypothalamic hamartomas.
Authors: Romanelli Pantaleo , Tuniz Francesco , Fabbro Sara , Beltramo Giancarlo , Conti Alfredo
Published: March 2022

Purpose. Hypothalamic hamartomas (HH) are benign brain tumors that are associated with mild to severe drug-refractory epilepsy. Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is an emerging non-invasive option for the treatment of small and medium-sized HH, providing excellent seizure outcomes without neurological complications. Here, we report our experience treating HH with LINAC image-guided SRS.Methods. We retrospectively collected clinical and neuroradiological data of ten subjects with HH-related epilepsy that underwent frameless image-guided SRS.Results. All patients underwent single-fraction SRS using a mean prescribed dose of 16.27 Gy. The median prescription isodose was 79%. The mean target volume was 0.64 cc. Eight patients experienced complete or near complete seizure freedom (Engel class I and II). Five patients achieved complete seizure control within 4 to 18 months after the treatment. Four patients achieved Engel class II outcome, with stable results. One patient had a reduction of seizure burden superior to 50% (Engel class III). One patient had no benefit at all (Engel class IV) and refused further treatments. Overall, at the last follow-up, three patients experience class I, five class II, one class III and one class IV outcome. Six patients experienced major neuropsychological improvement. No neurological complications were reported.Conclusions. Image-guided frameless LINAC SRS provides excellent seizure and long-term neuropsychosocial outcome, without the risks of neurological complications inherently associated with microsurgical resection.
Surface albedo decreases from anthropogenic impacts over High Mountain Asia with implications of positive radiative forcing feedbacks
Authors: Maina Fadji Zaouna , Kumar Sujay V. , Gangodagamage Chandana
Published: March 2022

Human and climate induced land surface changes resulting from irrigation, snow cover decreases, and greening impact the radiative forcing by changing the surface albedo. Here we use a partial information decomposition approach and remote sensing data to quantify the effects of the changes in leaf area index, soil moisture, and snow cover on the surface albedo in High Mountain Asia (HMA), home to over a billion people, from 2003 to 2020. The study establishes strong evidence of anthropogenic agricultural water use over irrigated lands (e.g., Ganges-Brahmaputra) which causes the highest surface albedo decreases (£1%/year). Greening and decreased snow cover from warming also drive changes in visible and near-infrared surface albedo in different areas of HMA. The significant role of human management and human-induced greening in influencing albedo suggests the potential of a positive feedback cycle where albedo decreases lead to increased evaporative demand and increased stress on water resources.
Awareness and Knowledge of The Good Samaritan Drug Overdose Act Among People At Risk of Witnessing an Overdose in British Columbia, Canada: A Multi-Methods Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Ackermann Emma , Kievit Brad , Xavier Jessica , Barbic Skye , Ferguson Max , Greer Alissa , Loyal Jackson , Mamdani Zahra , Palis Heather , Pauly Bernie , Slaunwhite Amanda , Buxton Jane A.
Published: March 2022

Introduction Bystanders to drug overdoses often avoid or delay calling 9-1-1 and cite fear of police involvement as a main reason. In 2017, the Good Samaritan Drug Overdose Act (GSDOA) was enacted by the Canadian government to provide people present at an overdose with legal protection from charges for simple drug possession, and conditions stemming from simple possession. Few studies have taken a multi-methods approach to evaluating the GSDOA. We used quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews to explore awareness, understanding, and perceptions of the GSDOA in people at risk of witnessing an overdose.MethodsQuantitative cross-sectional surveys and qualitative telephone interviews were conducted with adults and youth at risk of witnessing an overdose across British Columbia. Cross-sectional survey participants were recruited at 19 Take Home Naloxone sites and online through Foundry. Multivariable logistic regression models were constructed hierarchically to determine factors associated with GSDOA awareness. Telephone interview participants were recruited by research assistants with lived/living experience of substance use. Deductive and inductive thematic analyses were conducted to identify major themes.ResultsOverall, 52.7% (n = 296) of the quantitative study sample (N = 453) reported being aware of the GSDOA. In multivariable analysis, cellphone possession (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.19; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.36, 3.54) and having recently witnessed an opioid overdose (AOR = 2.34; 95% CI 1.45, 3.80) were positively associated with GSDOA awareness. Young adults (25–34 years) were more likely to be aware of the Act (AOR = 2.10; 95% CI 1.11, 3.98) compared to youth (16–24 years). Qualitative interviews (N = 42) revealed that many overestimated the protections offered by the GSDOA. To increase awareness and knowledge of the Act among youth, participants recommended adding the GSDOA to school curricula and using social media. Word of mouth was suggested to reach adults.ConclusionBoth awareness and knowledge of the GSDOA remain low in BC, with many overestimating the protections the Act offers. Dissemination efforts should be led by people with lived/living experience and should target those with limited awareness and understanding of the Act as misunderstandings can erode trust in law enforcement and harm reduction policy.
Coexpression of LAG-3 and PD-L1 in tumor infiltrating immune cells predicts worse outcome in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Lee Chan Ho , Jung Soo Jin , Seo Won Ik , Chung Jae Il , Lee Dae Sim , Jeong Dae Hoon , Jeon Youkyoung , Choi Inhak
Published: March 2022

Lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG-3) protein is a potential immune checkpoint target for cancer treatment. Thus, we investigated LAG-3 expression and its prognostic value in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and correlated LAG-3 expression with programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) using immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays incorporating 134 ccRCC primary excision specimens. The study patients were analyzed as two groups: the whole cohort and those with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). LAG-3 expression was significantly correlated with PD-L1 expression in the whole cohort and in the mRCC group (all, p < 0.05). Both LAG-3⁺ RCC and PD-L1⁺ RCC in the whole cohort presented with a higher TNM stage and higher Fuhrman nuclear grade (all, p < 0.05). According to the International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium risk classification, there were more intermediate- and poor-risk patients in both LAG-3⁺ mRCC and PD-L1⁺ mRCC than LAG-3⁻ mRCC and PD-L1⁻ mRCC (all, p < 0.05). PD-L1⁺/LAG-3⁺ RCC and PD-L1⁻/LAG-3⁺ RCC in the whole cohort showed poorer cancer-specific survival (CSS) than PD-L1⁻/LAG-3⁻ RCC (all, p = 0.01). Similarly, PD-L1⁺/LAG-3⁺ mRCC and PD-L1⁻/LAG-3⁺ mRCC showed poorer CSS than PD-L1⁻/LAG-3⁻ mRCC (all, p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that PD-L1⁺/LAG-3⁺ mRCC (hazard ratio: 3.19; p = 0.033) was a predictor of poor CSS. Our findings provided a scientific rationale for LAG-3 blockade in combination with programmed cell death 1/PD-L1 blockade as a potential therapeutic approach for RCC.
Integrated Periodic Outreach Strategy to Improve Maternal and Child health Service Access Among Hard- to-Reach Areas in Ethiopia
Authors: Tsegaye Zergu Tafesse , Sinamo Tadelech , Desta Binyam Fekadu , Beshir Ismael Ali , Abawollo Hailemariam Segni
Published: March 2022

Background
The inequities that exist in healthcare for hard-to-reach areas have serious implications on the prevention and control of diseases. Rural populations who are pastoralists, seasonally mobile, or simply live far from facilities within the national infrastructure are among the hard-to-reach population groups. The USAID Transform: Primary Health Care Activity initiated the integrated periodic outreach service (IPOS) strategy to address inequities in healthcare. The aim of this assessment was to identify the contributions of the IPOS strategy on facilitating access to healthcare for hard-to-reach areas.
Methods
A managerial and health facility level cross-sectional study employing both qualitative and quantitative data collections were carried out.
Results
The average number of hard-to-reach kebeles among IPOS implementing higher tier health facilities (HFs) was found to be 6, and from these 87% were targeted for the IPOS strategy. Having no HFs nearby, shortage of transport services, security issues, and the nature of pastoralist communities are some of the potential reasons for the requirement of IPOS. Preparatory activities like training, microplanning, and community mobilization were conducted before the actual implementation of the sessions. Integrated reproductive, maternal, newborn, child and adolescent health-nutrition (RMNCAH-N) services were then provided for women and children. There was community acceptance for all services provided and service utilization was high. There has been a progressive improvement of coverage of maternal and child health services between 2017 and 2020 among IPOS implementing districts (woredas) and HFs. Lack of adequate transport and logistical constraints are among the major challenges of IPOS implementation. Forty percent of districts and 20% of health centers (HCs) have since conducted IPOS using their own budgets.
Conclusion
IPOS has contributed to the improvement of maternal and child health services in hard-to-teach communities and scale up of the strategy is recommended. Lack of transport is a major barrier to IOPS implementation and support for districts is necessary. Ensuring the sustainability and ownership of IPOS implementation by making it part of annual district-based planning exercises is recommended. Community engagement is also critical for the effective implementation of IPOS.
Development Of A Scoring System With Multidimensional Markers For Fibrosing Interstitial Lung Disease
Authors: Shi Shenyun , Chen Lulu , Liu Xiaoqin , Yu Min , Wu Chao , Xiao Yonglong
Published: March 2022

Fibrosing interstitial lung disease (ILD) can cause high mortality and sensitive evaluation of fibrosing ILD could be critical. The aim of this study is to develop a scoring system to predict prognosis of fibrosing ILD. We retrospectively reviewed 339 fibrosing ILD patients admitted to Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital from February 2017 to February 2020. All patients were followed up until September 2020. Cox multiple regression analysis indicated that smoking history (HR=3.826, P=0.001),age(HR=1.043,P=0.015),CEA(HR=1.059,P=0.049),CYFRA21-1(HR=1.177, P=0.004) and DLCO% predicted (HR=0.979,P=0.032) were independent prognostic factors for fibrosing ILD. The clinical scoring system for fibrosing ILD was established based on the clinical variables (age [A], CEA and CYFRA21-1 [C], DLCO% predicted [D], and smoking history [S]; ACDS). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of the scoring system for predicting prognosis of fibrosing ILD was 0.91 (95%CI: 0.87-0.94, P<0.001). The cutoff value was 2.5 with their corresponding specificity (91.1%) and sensitivity (77.5%). Correlation analyses showed that the increased age, CEA and CYFRA21-1 were significantly correlated with decreased DLCO%predicted (P<0.001, P=0.028, P<0.001, respectively). The independent risk factors for mortality in patients with fibrosing ILD are higher CEA, higher CYFRA21-1, smoking history, lower DLCO%predicted at baseline and older age. ACDS is a simple and feasible clinical model for predicting survival of fibrosing ILD.
Enhanced procedures for mosquito identification by MALDI-TOF MS
Authors: Bamou Roland , Costa Monique Melo , Diarra Adama Zan , Martins Ademir Jesus , Parola Philippe , Almeras Lionel
Published: March 2022

Background. The increasing interest in arthropod identification by MALDI-TOF MS conducted to the emergence of heterogenic procedures, including sample preparation and selection of body parts to use. The absence of a consensual strategy hampers direct inter-studies comparisons and brings confusion to new users. Establishing optimized procedures and standardized protocols for mosquito identification by MALDI-TOF MS becomes compulsory, allowing notably the sharing of reference MS databases. Objective. Then, here, we propose to assess the optimal conditions for mosquito identification using MALDI-TOF MS profiling. Methods. Three homogenization methods, two manuals and one automatic, applied on three distinct body parts, legs, thorax and head, were evaluated on two mosquito laboratory strains, Anopheles coluzzii and Aedes aegypti. MS profiles reproducibility, identification rate with relevant scores and the suitable procedures for high-throughput analyses were the main criteria for establishing optimized guidelines. Additionally, the consequences of blood feeding and geographical origin were evaluated using both laboratory strain and field collected mosquitoes. Results. The three body parts exhibited relevant score values for mosquito identification using MALDI-TOF MS profiling; however, thorax and legs appeared the most suitable, independently of homogenization methods or species. Although manual grindings displayed high identification performance for the three body parts, this homogenization mode is not adapted to process a large number of samples. Then, the automatic procedure was selected as the reference homogenization method. Blood feeding status did not hamper the identification of mosquito species, despite the presence of MS peaks from blood origin in MS profiles from three body parts tested on both species. Finally, a significant improvement in identification scores was obtained for specimens from the field when MS spectra of species from the same geographical area were added to the database. Conclusion. The present work established guidelines concerning the selection of mosquito anatomic part and modality of sample preparation (e.g., homogenization) for future specimen identification by MALDI-TOF MS profiling. These standardized operational protocols could be used as references for creating an international MS database.
Selection of Adeno-Associated Virus Serotypes For Gene Therapy In Krabbe Patient IPSCs-Derived NSCs
Authors: Tian Guoshuai , Cao Chunyu , Li Shuyue , Wang Wei , Zhang Ye , Lv Yafeng
Published: March 2022

Krabbe disease is caused by the mutation or deficiency of galactocerebrosidase (GALC) enzyme, which is located in the lysosome and hydrolyzes the galactolipid substrates like psychosine. Psychosine would accumulate abnormally in the myelin forming cells and result in demyelination in the nervous systems with the clinical symptoms of spastic paraparesis and seizures. Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is a well-established and safe viral vector for gene delivery. However, effective AAV serotype for the transduction of the human neural stem cells (NSCs) has not been identified. Here, we screened a variety of AAV serotypes to transduce NSCs-related disease model induced by Krabbe patient induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) differentiation. It has been found that AAV2 has a higher transduction effect for NSCs, and AAV2 carrying GALC gene rescued the GALC enzymatic activity of Krabbe NSCs. Our findings established Krabbe patient iPSCs-derived NSCs as a new model for study the pathogenesis of Krabbe disease, and also demonstrated the potential of using AAV2 as a vector in gene therapy for Krabbe disease, which also proved the potential of AAV in devising gene therapy strategies for the treatment of genetic neurodegenerative diseases.
Comparison of a GH74 xyloglucanase and its CBM-deleted variant from Thielavia terrestris and their roles in xyloglucan-rich biomass degradation
Authors: Wang Beibei , Chen Kaixiang , Zhang Peiyu , Long Liangkun , Ding Shaojun
Published: March 2022

Background
The hydrolysis of lignocellulose was greatly hindered by the associated hemicellulose. Xyloglucan (XG) is a major complex hemicellulose in the primary plant cell wall, however, the blocking effect of xyloglucan on lignocellulose biodegradation was still less understood compared with xylan and mannan. Glycoside hydrolase family 74 (GH74) enzymes are specific xyloglucanases widely distributed in bacteria and fungi. Fungal GH74 xyloglucanases generally contains family 1 carbohydrate binding module (CBM1), but its effect on the enzymatic properties of GH74 xyloglucanases and its roles in xyloglucan-rich biomass degradation has not been investigated in depth.
Results
TtGH74 and CBM-deleted variant (TtGH74ΔCBM) from Thielavia terrestris had the same optimum temperature and pH, but TtGH74ΔCBM had higher thermostability. TtGH74 displayed high binding affinity on xyloglucan and cellulose, while TtGH74ΔCBM almost completely lost the adsorption capacity on cellulose. Their hydrolysis action alone or combined with other glycoside hydrolases on the free XG, xyloglucan-coated phosphoric acid swollen cellulose or pretreated corn bran and apple pomace was compared in this study. CBM1 might not be essential for hydrolysis of free XG, but effective for the associated XG to some extent. TtGH74 was more effective in hydrolysis of xyloglucan in corn bran, while TtGH74ΔCBM showed relatively higher catalytic activity on apple pomace. Similar phenomenon was also observed when TtGH74 or TtGH74ΔCBM synergistically acting with CBH1/EG1 mixture. The addition of TtGH74 or TtGH74ΔCBM in CBH1/EG1 mixture significantly facilitated the overall hydrolysis of pretreated corn bran and apple pomace by 1.22–2.02 folds in terms of the degree of synergy. The extra addition of GH10 xylanase in TtGH74 or TtGH74ΔCBM /CBH1/EG1 mixture further improved the overall hydrolysis efficiency, and the degree of synergy was up to 1.50–2.16 because of co-existence of xyloglucan and xylan in pretreated corn bran and apple pomace.
Conclusions
TtGH74 can remove the bound xyloglucan on cellulose, therefore efficiently boost the hydrolysis of the pretreated lignocellulosic biomass by synergistic action with cellulase and xylanase. The presence of CBM1 in TtGH74 is conducive to enzymatic hydrolysis, but its role and significance is substrate-specific due to the differences of xyloglucan contents and structure in various biomasses.
A comparison of well-being of carers of people with dementia and their ability to manage before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: findings from the IDEAL study
Authors: Gamble Laura D , Parker Sophie , Quinn Catherine , Bennett Holly Q , Martyr Anthony , Sabatini Serena , Pentecost Claire , Collins Rachel , Dawson Eleanor , Hunt Anna , Allan Louise , Burns Alistair , Litherland Rachael , Victor Christina , Matthews Fiona E , Clare Linda
Published: March 2022

Background
Lockdown and social restriction measures imposed to curb the spread of COVID-19 in the United Kingdom impacted on carers of people with dementia, limiting their access to support services and increasing perceived burden of caring. Few studies have compared data collected during the pandemic and data collected before the pandemic to examine the effect of these changes.
Objective
To explore whether the COVID-19 pandemic affected the well-being of carers of people with dementia, and their ability to cope with their caring responsibilities.
Methods
Carers of people with dementia living in the community who were enrolled in the IDEAL programme were split into two groups matched on demographic characteristics: the ‘pre-pandemic group’ (n = 312), assessed at two time points prior to the pandemic, and the ‘pandemic group’, assessed prior to and several months into the pandemic (n = 156). Self-report measures of carer well-being, quality of life, coping, perceived competence and role captivity were completed.
Results
Compared to the pre-pandemic group, those in the pandemic group appeared to cope better and had more stable self-rated competency and role captivity. They did not differ in terms of well-being or quality of life.
Conclusion
Despite reports of negative impacts on carers early in the pandemic, our findings suggest the pandemic had little negative longer-term impact on carers of people with dementia, and in fact they appeared to have a more positive attitude towards coping several months into the pandemic.
The Prevalence of Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Quality of Life Among Students of the Syrian Private University
Authors: A.Kadri Saeed , Albakri Ezat , Bakkar Batoul , Mohsen Fatema , Nahas Louei Darjazini
Published: March 2022

Background:Allergic rhinitis is one of the most common chronic respiratory diseases in the world. It has negative impacts, including complications, and comorbidities, all negatively impacting one’s quality of life.Aims: The current study aims to determine the prevalence of AR among students at Syrian Private University.Methods:A cross-sectional was conducted at the Syrian Private University. The survey included questions about demographics and two allergy-specific questionnaires, the mini rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life questionnaire and the activity impairment plus classroom impairment questionnaire. The mini rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life questionnaire was translated to Arabic language and then validated via Cronbach's alpha test.Results:Most participants were male 197(54%), residents of Damascus/ Rural Damascus 321(87%), and smokers 208(56%). Their ages ranged from 19-32 years, with a mean of 21.7 (±1.91) years. The prevalence of students diagnosed with AR was 115(31.1%). Total loss of academic attendance was 12.1%, whereas the impairment of academic productivity was 21.8%Conclusion:Almost a third of the sample has allergic rhinitis, and a fifth reported impaired academic productivity, consequently exerting burdens upon students' lives. Further studies are required to evaluate the causes and establish effective management plans.
New radiographic classification of endovascular recanalization of symptomatic non-acute carotid artery occlusion
Authors: Yan Wentao , Li Xiuzhen , Guo Wei , Liu Jiachun , Yan Changxiang
Published: March 2022

Purpose: To propose a new imaging classification based on cerebral angiography to determine the segment and length of occlusion and the condition of the proximal and distal lumen of the occluded segment.Methods: This retrospective study included patients with non-acute carotid artery occlusion (NACAO) who visited XXX Hospital (01/2017-12/2020). The lesions were classified according to the segment and length of carotid artery occlusion and the proximal and distal lumen of the occluded segment. Results: Type IV is not recommended for endovascular recanalization, and patients with types I (10/24, 41.7%), II (7/24, 29.2%), and III (7/24, 29.2%) were included. The recanalization success rate was 87.5% (21/24; Type I, 10/10; Type II, 7/7; Type III, 4/7; P=0.017). The incidence of perioperative complications was 25.0% (6/24; Type I, 0/10; Type II, 2/7; Type III, 4/7; P=0.038). The re-occlusion rate was not significantly different among the three groups (P=0.284). The average modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score in the success group was lower than before operation (P=0.012), but not in the failure group (P=0.317). Conclusion: The new classification based on cerebral angiography is helpful to screen patients with drug-refractory NACAO with a high success rate and low complications of intra-tube recanalization.
Modern approaches to the treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis from gastric cancer (literature review)
Authors: Solodkiy V. A. , Fomin D. K. , Goncharov S. V. , Kukushkina S. A.
Published: March 2022

Background. Gastric cancer (GS ) is one of the most common and deadly cancers in Russia and worldwide. In 40 % of cases, GC is diagnosed at an advanced stage, thus increasing the risk of distant metastasis. Peritoneal carcinomatosis from GC is one of the most common pathways of dissemination, with a median survival time of less than 6 months.

Aim. To study various modern approaches to the treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis in gastric cancer.

Material and Methods. Literature search was performed in Medline, Cochrane Library, Elibrary, Scopus, PubMed systems.

Results. Currently, there is a wide variety of approaches to combined modality treatment of metastatic GC . Various options of cytoreductive surgeries are being developed. These surgeries are combined with neoadjuvant/adjuvant, intra-abdominal chemotherapy and radiation therapy. However, the results of studies on improving survival and reducing recurrence in patients with advanced GC are contradictory. Currently, patients with morphologically and cytologically confirmed free cancer cells in the peritoneal lavage without visualized intra-abdominal metastatic lesions are the most controversial group for the choice of appropriate treatment. Gastric cancer recurrence in these patients occurs within 2 years. In addition, the 5-year survival rate in patients with the presence of free cancer cells in peritoneal washings amounts for 2 %. One of the most effective experimental treatments for peritoneal carcinomatosis in gastric and ovarian cancers was intra-abdominal radionuclide therapy using colloidal198Au. The main advantage of the method was the complete cessation of the formation of effusion into the abdominal cavity in ascites forms of the disease. However, due to the high intestinal toxicity of radioactive gold tracer and radiation exposure to patients and medical staff, further work was stopped.

Conclusion. Thus, the search of the most effective tactic of peritoneal carcinomatosis treatment in patients with advanced GC is still in progress.
Levels of endothelin-1 and high molecular weight kininogen in blood of breast cancer patients after SARS-coV-2 infection
Authors: Frantsiyants E. M. , Surikova E. I. , Vladimirova L. Yu. , Myagkova V. S. , Katelnitskaya O. V. , Pogorelova Yu. A. , Lysenko I. B. , Engibaryan M. A.
Published: March 2022

The aim. To analyze the blood levels of endothelin-1 (ET -1) and high molecular weight kininogen (HMWK) in patients with breast cancer (BC) previously infected with the new coronavirus.

Material and methods. The study group included 20 patients with stage II -IV BC (invasive carcinoma). All patients were receiving chemotherapy at the time of their SA RS-CoV-2 infection. The comparison group included 19 women without breast cancer, who were matched for age. All women of both groups had an RT-PC R confirmed SA RS-Cov-2 infection. Blood levels of ET -1 and HMWK were measured by ELISA 3–10 weeks after the positive antigen test results. The control group included 10 women of the same age without cancer and without CO VID -19 symptoms and anti-SA RS-CoV-2 antibodies.

Results. The ET -1 levels in the comparison group were within the reference range, while HMWK levels were significantly higher than those in breast cancer patients. In BC patients with lung metastases, the ET -1 levels were higher than those in the comparison group patients, while in others (no history of lung metastases, with mild infection course or pneumonia), the ET -1 levels were similar to those in the comparison and control groups. The HMWK levels in the study and comparison groups were significantly higher than those in controls. Among BC patients, there were women who had significantly higher ET -1 and HMWK levels compared to the reference levels, and the majority of these patients had lung metastases and previous CO VID -19 pneumonia.

Conclusion. The measurement of HMWK blood levels demonstrated that the plasma contact activation system and the kallikrein-kinin system were active for a long period after the infection both in BC patients and in women without cancer. A high level of ET -1, the endothelial dysfunction marker, persisted for a long time in some BC patients. Our results were consistent with results of other studies supporting the hypothesis that SA RS-CoV-2 virus infection is a systemic vascular disease with long-term consequences, and its mechanisms require further study.
Bronchoplatic surgery in the treatment of patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer
Authors: Aksarin A. A. , Ter-Ovanesov M. D. , Kopeyka S. M.
Published: March 2022

Aim. To study the effect of organ-preserving bronchoplastic surgery on long-term treatment outcomes of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC ).

Material and Methods. The long-term results of surgical treatment of 740 patients with stage I–III NSCLC , who were treated in Ugra from 2002 to 2015, were analyzed. Lobectomy and bilobectomy were performed in 477 patients, and pneumonectomy was performed in 263 patients. Thirty-two patients underwent bronchoplastic lobectomy and bilobectomy. Intraoperative pathological frozen sections of lymph nodes (# 12) of the remaining lobe of the lung were examined in all patients. If metastases in these lymph nodes were not detected, we performed bronchoplastic lobectomy. If metastases in lymph nodes of the remaining lobe were detected, we performed pneumonectomy. The median age of the patients (only male patients) was 55.3 ± 9.9 years. In 19 (59.4 %) patients, sleeve resections were performed on the right side and in 13 (40.6 %) patients, these resections were performed on the left side. There were 15 bronchoplastic lobectomies of type A, 9 of type B, 4 of type C, and 4 of type D. Sleeve resection of the pulmonary artery was performed in 4 patients. In 16 cases (50.0 %), there were no regional metastases (pN0). In 10 (31.3 %) cases, there was pN1, in six – pN2 (18.7 %).

Results. There were no cases of postoperative death. Late complications (asymptomatic bronchial stenosis) occurred in 3 (9.4 %) patients. Long-term treatment outcomes were better in patients who underwent organ-preserving bronchoplastic surgery than in patients who underwent pneumonectomy. Median survival was 66 months after bronchoplastic lobectomies and 34 months after pneumonectomies (p=0.01). The 5- and 10-year survival rates in patients who underwent bronchoplastic lobectomies were 52.9 % and 36.2 %, respectively. The corresponding values in patients who underwent pneumonectomies were 38.0 % and 31.9 %, respectively.

Conclusion. Organ-preserving bronchoplastic surgery compared to pneumonectomy does not worsen long-term outcomes in patients with NSCLC .
Hyperbolic compactification of M-theory and de Sitter quantum gravity
Authors: De Luca G. Bruno , Silverstein Eva , Torroba Gonzalo
Published: March 2022

We present a mechanism for accelerated expansion of the universe in the generic case of negative-curvature compactifications of M-theory, with minimal ingredients. M-theory on a hyperbolic manifold with small closed geodesics supporting Casimir energy -- along with a single classical source (7-form flux) -- contains an immediate 3-term structure for volume stabilization at positive potential energy.
Hyperbolic manifolds are well-studied mathematically, with an important rigidity property at fixed volume.
They and their Dehn fillings to more general Einstein spaces exhibit explicit discrete parameters that yield small closed geodesics supporting Casimir energy. The off-shell effective potential derived by M. Douglas incorporates the warped product structure via the constraints of general relativity, screening negative energy. Analyzing the fields sourced by the localized Casimir energy and the available discrete choices of manifolds and fluxes, we find a regime where the net curvature, Casimir energy, and flux compete at large radius and stabilize the volume. Further metric and form field deformations are highly constrained by hyperbolic rigidity and warping effects, leading to calculations giving strong indications of a positive Hessian, and residual tadpoles are small.
We test this via explicit back reacted solutions and perturbations in patches including the Dehn filling regions, initiate a neural network study of further aspects of the internal fields, and derive a Maldacena-Nunez style no-go theorem for Anti-de Sitter extrema for a range of parameters.
A simple generalization incorporating 4-form flux produces axion monodromy inflation.
As a relatively simple de Sitter uplift of the large-N M2-brane theory, the construction applies to de Sitter holography as well as to cosmological modeling, and introduces new connections between mathematics and the physics of string/M theory compactifications.
Functional constipation in children
Authors: Pakhomovskaya N. L. , Tatianina O. F. , Lazareva T. Yu.
Published: March 2022

Constipation is one of the most common nosologies that a pediatric gastroenterologist deals with during outpatient visits. In the vast majority of children with constipation the problem is functional in nature. According to studies published in the Russian Federation, the frequency of constipation in children accounts for about 25–30%. The joint clinical guidelines of the European and North American Societies of Pediatric Gastroenterologists, Hepatologists and Nutritionists for the management of children with functional constipation were published in 2014. The national guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of functional constipation are based on these guidelines. According to the clinical guidelines, the 2006 Rome III criteria should be used to establish the diagnosis of functional constipation in children. In May 2016, the Rome IV criteria that provide separate diagnostic criteria for infants and children under 4 years of age and children over 4 years and teenagers were adopted. A group of children with symptoms of constipation, who have already had toilet skills at the time of diagnosis, was identified among infants and children under 4 years of age. The presence of anxiety symptoms or refractory constipation (constipation that does not resolve within 3 months while taking adequate therapy) is considered an indication for use of additional examination methods, including instrumental ones. The manifestation of constipation is often associated with a change in eating habits - the period of introduction of complementary feeding in infants or the beginning of going to a day-care centre, inadequate fluid intake. The onset of constipation often coincides with the period of the development of hygiene skills (potty training). The voluntary stool retention by a child who is trying to avoid painful defecation experiences is the main mechanism for the development of constipation. The aim of functional constipation treatment is to soften the stools, which facilitates painless defecation and ensure that there is an urge to defecate. Clinical examples of the treatment of patients with functional constipation and chronic colonic stasis, functional constipation and encopresis are provided. The outcome of the treatment of functional constipation is to ensure painless defecation and the development of a stable defecation reflex. The drug therapy for functional constipation is based on the use of laxatives. Dietary advice and behavioral therapy also play an important role.
Goat Milk Formula. To whom, why, how
Authors: Gurova M. M.
Published: March 2022

From an evolutionary standpoint, breast milk is the optimal food for nutrition of infants, which contains, in addition to macro- and micronutrients, functional components required for the morphofunctional maturation and development of regulatory interactions between organs and systems mostly of the digestive system. The choice of formula for artificial feeding of infants is determined, first of all, on the basis of its functionality. Interest in goat milk as a source of nutrition has been known for a long time, and recommendations highlighting its dietary and healing properties are found in both ancient treatises and modern guidelines. In this regard, goat milk formulas deserve special attention. Based on the results of the research, were identified the features of goat milk composition, which determine the unique metabolic and physiological properties for young children. The article presents comparative data on the features of the chemical composition of goat, cow and breast milk, as well as the functional characteristics of the adapted goat milk based formula. The advantages of goat’s milk allow us to consider goat milk based formula as physiological (providing normal physical development and metabolic processes), as functional (due to growth, regulatory and protective factors) and prophylactic — to prevent the occurrence of functional disorders (regurgitation, constipation) due to compliance with the functional capabilities of the gastrointestinal tract of the child. Such formulas are indicated for healthy infants and can be used in infants with risk factors for the development of functional gastrointestinal disorders. Such risk factors include caesarean-section delivery, exposure to antibiotics in the first days of life, perinatal pathology of the central nervous system.
Respiratory disorders in a child with multiple malformations
Authors: Tolstova E. M. , Zaytseva N. S. , Zaytseva O. V. , Kuzina S. R. , Khaspekov D. V. , Efimova E. V. , Turishchev I. V. , Belyaeva T. Yu.
Published: March 2022

Concomitant congenital malformations are an actual problem in pediatrics. Association of tracheobronchial tree anomalies and congenital heart disease (CHD) could be the cause of the patient’s condition deterioration before and after cardiac surgery. We present a clinical case of a patient with multiple malformations with a long-term and poorly corrected broncho-obstructive syndrome, combined with pneumonia and hypoventilation. After surgery for tetralogy of Fallot at 3 months, the boy needed mechanical ventilation for a long time due to bilateral pneumonia complicated by bilateral pneumothorax. At 7 months, a respiratory infection required hospitalization in the intensive care unit. When pneumonia resolved, the boy was discharged home with continued oxygen support using an oxygen concentrator. The reason for the patient’s prolonged respiratory failure could be explained by prolonged hypoventilation due to narrowing of the left main bronchus and consecutive congenital pneumonia, repeated aspirations, and postoperative mechanical ventilation-associated pneumonia with bilateral pneumothorax. At the age of 1 year 3 months in the Department of Thoracic Surgery of St. Vladimir’s biodegradable stent in the left main bronchus was installed. The bronchus lumen was restored. The boy did not need oxygen support, and his physical and motor development indicators improved. Thus, in patients with tetrad of Fallot, a thorough assessment of the condition of the tracheobronchial tree is advisable in order to develop an appropriate treatment plan if needed. The collaboration of specialists in various fields of care for pediatric patients is the basis for a favorable prognosis in terms of the full growth and development of patients with multiple malformations.
Respiratory viral infections: approaches to therapy from the perspective of clinical and pathogenetic aspects of the disease
Authors: Santalova G. V. , Plakhotnikova S. V.
Published: March 2022

Introduction. Acute respiratory viral infections in children remain an urgent problem, not only because of the high incidence, but also a significant contribution to the mortality structure of young children. Approaches to the treatment of acute respiratory viral infections are considered, taking into account the possibility of the impact of drugs on the main links of pathogenesis and prevention of complications from the perspective of a bioregulatory approach to therapy and complex bioregulatory drugs.The purpose of the study. To present the effectiveness of bioregulatory therapy of respiratory viral infections in children from the perspective of clinical and pathogenetic aspects of the disease.Materials and methods. A pro- and retrospective study was conducted for 2 years of 70 sick children aged 6 to 12 years with acute respiratory infections of moderate severity. The patients were observed in the homeopathic center “Homeopathic Medicine” in Samara.Results. Improvement in children was observed by day 3 of the disease in patients receiving bioregulatory therapy (group 1) and by day 5 in children receiving conventional therapy (group 2) for respiratory infections (temperature and well-being normalized, intoxication syndrome was stopped). Remission of the disease occurred in 72% of group 1 children on day 5 of the disease and on day 6–7 in 47% of group 2 children. Taking Engystol® in tablets for 1 month after recovery allowed to reduce the number of relapses by almost 3 times during the year compared with children of group 2 who did not receive bioregulatory drugs.Discussion. With a moderate course of respiratory infections, it is possible to use the drugs Girel, Viburcol®, Engystol® without the use of allopathic remedies, which significantly reduces the drug load on the body of a sick child and prevents the development of undesirable reactions.Conclusions. The effectiveness, safety, and good tolerability of the drugs Girel, Viburcol®, and Engystol® are confirmed by their own results. These drugs can be recommended for use in pediatric practice in respiratory viral infections.
(TRANS)FORMAÇÕES JUVENIS
Authors: Rezende-Campos Pollyanna , Ribeiro Simon Cavalcanti Vanessa
Published: March 2022

Desmistificar as identidades excluídas, por não se ‘enquadrarem’ na lógica (perversa) da heterocisnormatividade é o principal objetivo desse estudo. Partindo da (re)construção de ‘novas verdades’, para que as pessoas que subvertem os ‘modelos privilegiados’ definidos e legitimados não permaneçam apagadas, silenciadas e frequentemente violentadas. Com abordagem epistemológica crítica e metodologia qualitativa, o artigo é produzido a partir das narrativas de três jovens trans de 18 a 24 anos - únicas pessoas com identidades trans numa determinada escola de porte especial do Subúrbio Ferroviário de Salvador-Ba. O instrumento de pesquisa foi entrevista, com enfoque nas histórias de vida acerca de suas experiências identitárias e relacionais, associada à observação participante. Conclui-se que debater as diversidades é determinante no processo educativo, afigurando-se ponto crucial, pois assegura que o sistema de ensino-aprendizagem seja permeado pelos princípios fundamentais da igualdade, da alteridade e da dignidade da pessoa humana.