bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prenatal Diagnosis of Ebstein's Anomaly: An Autopsy Correlation Predicting Poor Prognosis
Authors: Philip Saji , Philip Shalom Elsy , Thampi Linta , Bharati Sarasa
Published: August 2019

Ebstein's anomaly (EA) is rare but not an uncommon congenital heart disease in the fetus. Fetal echocardiogram has progressed to detect many forms of congenital heart diseases, especially to assess the prognosis of EA based on their anatomy and presentation in utero causing nonimmune hydrops. Fetal echocardiographic findings of cardiomegaly, apical displacement of tricuspid valve with severe regurgitation, can confirm the diagnosis of EA in utero. Severe cardiomegaly and nonimmune hydrops further contribute poor prognosis leading to fetal demise. Identifying fetal risk factors for predicting perinatal mortality is important, including the lack of antegrade flow across the pulmonary valve and retrograde duct flow. Here, we describe fetal echocardiographic findings of a case of EA causing severe cardiomegaly, restricted growth of the lungs, and hydrops in a 26-year-old primigravida at 20 weeks of gestation. The diagnosis was further correlated with the autopsy, characterized by severe cardiomegaly, huge right atrium, apical displacement, and tethering of septal and posterior leaflet, with markedly reduced lung volumes. Autopsy findings of dilated ductus further suggestive of possible reversed ductal flow causing circular shunt in EA raising the possibility of the poor postnatal outcome, even intrauterine death, and warranted for safe termination. Poor prognostic factors in EA have also been discussed with autopsy findings.
A Rare Combination of Anomalous Origin of Right Pulmonary Artery from the Ascending Aorta with Congenital Tricuspid Valve Anomaly and Severe Tricuspid Regurgitation
Authors: Koranchery Rakesh , Rajesh Gopalan Nair
Published: August 2019

Anomalous origin of a pulmonary artery (PA) from the aorta is a rare presentation in adulthood. As these patients invariably develop severe pulmonary hypertension in infancy itself, prognosis is poor. Here, we present a patient with anomalous origin of right PA from the aorta and congenital tricuspid valve anomaly with severe tricuspid regurgitation, a very rare combination surviving to adult life.
Оценки отклонения линейных рекуррентных последовательностей над кольцами Галуа
Authors: Vasin A R
Published: August 2019

В работе изучается отклонение линейных рекуррентных последовательностей над кольцами Галуа. На основании оценок тригонометрических сумм получены нетривиальные оценки отклонения. Показано, что эти оценки асимптотически не хуже известных результатов для линейных рекуррентных последовательностей максимального периода над простым полем.
О классах функций многозначной логики с минимальным логарифмическим темпом роста
Authors: Komkov Stepan Alekseevich
Published: August 2019

Получен критерий минимального логарифмического темпа роста для произвольного конечного множества с заданным множеством операций, а именно, описание всех таких конечных множеств $A$ с заданными на них операциями, темп роста которых отличается не более чем на константу от логарифмического темпа роста по основанию $|A|$.
Метод ограниченного дефицита и задача построения ортоморфизмов и почти ортоморфизмов абелевых групп
Authors: Menyachikhin A V
Published: August 2019

Описан метод ограниченного дефицита, позволяющий получать новые ортоморфизмы (почти ортоморфизмы) групп из имеющихся. Описан класс преобразований, относительно которых множество всех ортоморфизмов (почти ортоморфизмов) инвариантно. Выдвинута гипотеза о порождении множества всех ортоморфизмов (почти ортоморфизмов) преобразованиями, реализуемыми методом ограниченного дефицита. Данная гипотеза проверена для всех абелевых групп порядка не больше 12. С использованием спектрально-линейного и спектрально-разностного методов построения подстановок над аддитивной группой поля ${\mathbb F}_{2^{m}}$ ($m=4,\ldots,8$) найдены ортоморфизмы с достаточно высокими значениями основных криптографических параметров.
Локальное возмущение дискретного уравнения Шредингера и обобщенный осциллятор Чебышeва
Authors: Borzov Vadim Vasiljevich , Damaskinsky Eugeniy Viktorovich
Published: August 2019

На примере дискретного уравнения Шредингера обсуждаются условия, при которых специальные линейные преобразования классических многочленов Чебышeва (2-го рода) порождают класс многочленов, связанных с "локальными возмущениями" коэффициентов уравнения. Эти многочлены названы обобщенными многочленами Чебышeва. Ответ дан для простого класса "локальных возмущений". Описан обобщенный чебышевский осциллятор, соответствующий обобщенным многочленам Чебышeва.
Cтатистическая природа моделей Скирма-Фаддеева в $2+1$ измерениях и нормируемые фермионы
Authors: Amari Yu , Iida M , Sawado Nobuyuki
Published: August 2019

Модель Скирма-Фаддеева обладает плоскими солитонными решениями с таргет-пространством $\mathbb{C}P^N$. С точки зрения статистических свойств решений решающую роль играет абелев член Черна-Саймонса (член Хопфа) в лагранжиане модели. Так как $\Pi_3(\mathbb{C}P^1)=\mathbb{Z}$, при $N=1$ этот член равен целому числу. С другой стороны, при $N>1$ он становится пертурбативным, потому что группа $\Pi_3(\mathbb{C}P^N)$ тривиальна. Множитель $\Theta$ перед членом Хопфа не квантуется, и его значение зависит от физической системы. Изучается спектральный поток нормируемых фермионов, взаимодействующих с так называемой baby-моделью Скирма ($\mathbb{C}P^N$-моделью Скирма-Фаддеева). Обсуждается, можно ли объяснить статистическую природу солитонов с помощью их составляющих, т. е. кварков.
Голографический ренормгрупповой поток
Authors: Aref'eva Irina Yaroslavna
Published: August 2019

Дан краткий обзор недавних результатов, посвященных исследованию уравнений голографического ренормгруппового потока и его применений для описания горячей и плотной кварк-глюонной плазмы. Особое внимание уделяется нескольким примерам, которые обычно используются в голографическом описании кварк-глюонной плазмы. На этих примерах изучено влияние химического потенциала на голографическую $\beta$-функцию.
Characterization of aerosol properties at Cyprus, focusing on cloud condensation nuclei and ice-nucleating particles
Authors: Gong Xianda , Wex Heike , Müller Thomas , Wiedensohler Alfred , Höhler Kristina , Kandler Konrad , Ma Nan , Dietel Barbara , Schiebel Thea , Möhler Ottmar , Stratmann Frank
Published: August 2019

Abstract. As part of the A-LIFE (Absorbing aerosol layers in a changing climate: aging, LIFEtime and dynamics) campaign, ground-based measurements were carried out in Paphos, Cyprus, to characterize the abundance, properties, and sources of aerosol particles in general and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and ice-nucleating particles (INP) in particular. New particle formation (NPF) events with subsequent growth of the particles into the CCN size range were observed. Aitken mode particles featured κ values of 0.21 to 0.29, indicating the presence of organic materials. Accumulation mode particles featured a higher hygroscopicity parameter, with a median κ value of 0.57, suggesting the presence of sulfate and maybe sea salt particles mixed with organic carbon. A clear downward trend of κ with increasing supersaturation and decreasing dcrit was found. Super-micron particles originated mainly from sea-spray aerosol (SSA) and partly from mineral dust. INP concentrations (NINP) were measured in the temperature range from −6.5 to −26.5 ∘C, using two freezing array-type instruments. NINP at a particular temperature span around 1 order of magnitude below −20 ∘C and about 2 orders of magnitude at warmer temperatures (T>-18 ∘C). Few samples showed elevated concentrations at temperatures >-15 ∘C, which suggests a significant contribution of biological particles to the INP population, which possibly could originate from Cyprus. Both measured temperature spectra and NINP probability density functions (PDFs) indicate that the observed INP (ice active in the temperature range between −15 and −20 ∘C) mainly originate from long-range transport. There was no correlation between NINP and particle number concentration in the size range >500 nm (N>500 nm). Parameterizations based on N>500 nm were found to overestimate NINP by about 1 to 2 orders of magnitude. There was also no correlation between NINP and particle surface area concentration. The ice active surface site density (ns) for the polluted aerosol encountered in the eastern Mediterranean in this study is about 1 to 3 orders of magnitude lower than the ns found for dust aerosol particles in previous studies. This suggests that observed NINP PDFs such as those derived here could be a better choice for modeling NINP if the aerosol particle composition is unknown or uncertain.
Relative importance of gas uptake on aerosol and ground surfaces characterized by equivalent uptake coefficients
Authors: Li Meng , Su Hang , Li Guo , Ma Nan , Pöschl Ulrich , Cheng Yafang
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Quantifying the relative importance of gas uptake on the ground
and aerosol surfaces helps to determine which processes should be included in
atmospheric chemistry models. Gas uptake by aerosols is often characterized
by an effective uptake coefficient (γeff), whereas gas uptake
on the ground is usually described by a deposition velocity (Vd).
For efficient comparison, we introduce an equivalent uptake coefficient
(γeqv) at which the uptake flux of aerosols would equal that
on the ground surface. If γeff is similar to or larger than
γeqv, aerosol uptake is important and should be included in
atmospheric models. In this study, we compare uptake fluxes in the planetary
boundary layer (PBL) for different reactive trace gases (O3,
NO2, SO2, N2O5, HNO3 and H2O2),
aerosol types (mineral dust, soot, organic aerosol and sea salt aerosol),
environments (urban areas, agricultural land, the Amazon forest and water bodies), seasons and mixing heights. For all investigated gases, γeqv ranges from magnitudes of
10−6–10−4 in polluted urban environments to 10−4–10−1
under pristine forest conditions. In urban areas, aerosol uptake is relevant
for all species (γeff≥γeqv) and should be
considered in models. On the contrary, contributions of aerosol uptakes in the Amazon forest are minor compared with the dry deposition. The phase state of
aerosols could be one of the crucial factors influencing the uptake rates.
Current models tend to underestimate the O3 uptake on liquid organic
aerosols which can be important, especially over regions with
γeff≥γeqv. H2O2 uptakes on a variety
of aerosols are yet to be measured under laboratory conditions and evaluated. Given the fact that most models have considered the uptakes of these species on the ground
surface, we suggest also considering the following processes in atmospheric
models: N2O5 uptake by all types of
aerosols, HNO3 and SO2 uptake by mineral dust and sea salt
aerosols, H2O2 uptake by mineral dust, NO2 uptakes by sea
salt aerosols and O3 uptake by liquid organic aerosols.
Arabitol, mannitol, and glucose as tracers of primary biogenic organic aerosol: the influence of environmental factors on ambient air concentrations and spatial distribution over France
Authors: Samaké Abdoulaye , Jaffrezo Jean-Luc , Favez Olivier , Weber Samuël , Jacob Véronique , Canete Trishalee , Albinet Alexandre , Charron Aurélie , Riffault Véronique , Perdrix Esperanza , Waked Antoine , Golly Benjamin , Salameh Dalia , Chevrier Florie , Oliveira Diogo Miguel , Besombes Jean-Luc , Martins Jean M. F. , Bonnaire Nicolas , Conil Sébastien , Guillaud Géraldine , Mesbah Boualem , Rocq Benoit , Robic Pierre-Yves , Hulin Agnès , Le Meur Sébastien , Descheemaecker Maxence , Chretien Eve , Marchand Nicolas , Uzu Gaëlle
Published: August 2019

Abstract. The primary sugar compounds (SCs, defined as glucose,
arabitol, and mannitol) are widely recognized as suitable molecular markers
to characterize and apportion primary biogenic organic aerosol emission
sources. This work improves our understanding of the spatial behavior and
distribution of these chemical species and evidences their major effective
environmental drivers. We conducted a large study focusing on the daily (24 h) PM10 SC concentrations for 16 increasing space scale sites (local to nationwide), over at least 1 complete year. These sites are distributed
in several French geographic areas of different environmental conditions.
Our analyses, mainly based on the examination of the short-term evolutions
of SC concentrations, clearly show distance-dependent correlations. SC
concentration evolutions are highly synchronous at an urban city scale and
remain well correlated throughout the same geographic regions, even if the
sites are situated in different cities. However, sampling sites located in
two distinct geographic areas are poorly correlated. Such a pattern indicates
that the processes responsible for the evolution of the atmospheric SC
concentrations present a spatial homogeneity over typical areas of at least
tens of kilometers. Local phenomena, such as the resuspension of topsoil and
associated microbiota, do no account for the major emissions processes of SC in urban areas not directly influenced by agricultural activities. The
concentrations of SC and cellulose display remarkably synchronous temporal
evolution cycles at an urban site in Grenoble, indicating a common source
ascribed to vegetation. Additionally, higher concentrations of SC at another site located in a crop field region occur during each harvest periods, indicating resuspension processes of plant materials (crop detritus, leaf debris) and associated microbiota for agricultural and nearby urbanized areas. Finally, ambient air temperature, relative humidity, and vegetation density constitute the main effective drivers of SC atmospheric concentrations.
Unexpected long-range transport of glyoxal and formaldehyde
observed from the Copernicus Sentinel-5 Precursor satellite during
the 2018 Canadian wildfires
Authors: Alvarado Leonardo M. A. , Richter Andreas , Vrekoussis Mihalis , Hilboll Andreas , Kalisz Hedegaard Anna B. , Schneising Oliver , Burrows John P.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Glyoxal (CHO.CHO) and formaldehyde (HCHO) are intermediate products in the oxidation of the majority of volatile organic compounds (VOC). CHO.CHO is also a precursor of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation in the atmosphere. These VOCs are released from biogenic, anthropogenic, and pyrogenic sources. CHO.CHO and HCHO tropospheric lifetimes are short during the daytime and at mid-latitudes (few hours), as they are rapidly removed from the atmosphere by their photolysis, oxidation by OH, and uptake on particles/deposition. During nighttime or at high latitudes, lifetime can be prolonged to many hours or even days. Previous studies demonstrated that CHO.CHO and HCHO can be retrieved from space-borne observations using the DOAS method. In this study, we present CHO.CHO and HCHO columns retrieved from measurements of the TROPOMI instrument, launched recently on the Sentinel-5 Precursor (S5P) platform in October 2017. Strongly elevated amounts of CHO.CHO and HCHO are observed during the fire season in British Columbia Canada, where a large number of fires occurred in August 2018. CHO.CHO and HCHO plumes from individual fire hot-spots are observed in air masses travelling over distances of up to 1500 km, i.e. much longer than expected for the short atmospheric lifetime of CHO.CHO and HCHO. However, the temporal evolution of the plume differs for both species. Comparison with Lagrangian-based FLEXPART simulations for particles with different lifetimes shows that effective lifetimes of 20 hours and more are needed to explain the observations, indicating that CHO.CHO and HCHO are either efficiently recycled during transport or, continuously formed from the oxidation of longer-lived precursors present in the plume.
The increase of curvature radius of geomagnetic field lines preceding a classical dipolarization
Authors: Saka Osuke
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Downstream observations at geosynchronous altitudes of field line dipolarization exhibit fundamental component of substorms associated with high velocity magnetotail flow bursts referred to as Bursty Bulk Flows. In growth phase of substorms, we found that the magnetosphere at geosynchronous orbit are in unstable conditions for Ballooning instability due to the appreciable tailward stretching of the flux tubes, and for slow magnetoacoustic wave due to the continuing field-aligned inflows of plasma sheet plasmas towards the equatorial plane. We propose following scenario of field line dipolarization in downstream locations; (1) The slow wave was excited through Ballooning instability by the arrival of Dipolarization Front at the leading edge of Bursty Bulk Flows. (2) In the equatorial plane, slow wave stretched the flux tube in dawn-dusk directions, which resulted in the spreading plasmas in dawn-dusk directions and reducing the radial pressure gradient in the flux tube. (3) As a result, the flux tube becomes a new equilibrium geometry in which curvature radius of new field lines increased in meridian plane, suggesting an onset of field line dipolarization. (4) Increasing curvature radius induced inductive electric fields of the order of few mV/m pointing westward in the equatorial plane, as well as radial electric fields associated with stretching flux tubes in dawn-dusk directions. Westward electric fields transmitted to the ionosphere produce a dynamic ionosphere where the E layer contains both dynamo (E · J  0) processes in it for generating field-aligned current system of Bostrom type. The dipolarization processes associated with changing the curvature radius occurred in the transitional intervals lasting for about 10 minutes preceding classical dipolarization composed of reduction of cross-tail currents and pileup of the magnetic fields transported from the tail.
Dynamics of deep soil carbon – insights from 14C time series across a climatic gradient
Authors: van der Voort Tessa Sophia , Mannu Utsav , Hagedorn Frank , McIntyre Cameron , Walthert Lorenz , Schleppi Patrick , Haghipour Negar , Eglinton Timothy Ian
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Quantitative constraints on soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics are
essential for comprehensive understanding of the terrestrial carbon cycle.
Deep soil carbon is of particular interest as it represents large stocks
and its turnover times remain highly uncertain. In this study, SOM dynamics
in both the top and deep soil across a climatic (average temperature
∼ 1–9 ∘C) gradient are determined using time-series
(∼20 years) 14C data from bulk soil and
water-extractable organic carbon (WEOC). Analytical measurements reveal
enrichment of bomb-derived radiocarbon in the deep soil layers on the bulk
level during the last 2 decades. The WEOC pool is strongly enriched in
bomb-derived carbon, indicating that it is a dynamic pool. Turnover time
estimates of both the bulk and WEOC pool show that the latter cycles up to a
magnitude faster than the former. The presence of bomb-derived carbon in the
deep soil, as well as the rapidly turning WEOC pool across the climatic
gradient, implies that there likely is a dynamic component of carbon in the
deep soil. Precipitation and bedrock type appear to exert a stronger
influence on soil C turnover time and stocks as compared to temperature.
Organic matter and sediment properties determine in-lake variability of sediment CO2 and CH4 production and emissions of a small and shallow lake
Authors: Praetzel Leandra  Stephanie  Emilia , Plenter Nora , Schilling Sabrina , Schmiedeskamp Marcel , Broll Gabriele , Knorr Klaus-Holger
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Inland waters are significant sources of CO2 and CH4 to the atmosphere, following recent studies this is particularly the case for small and shallow lakes. The spatial in-lake heterogeneity of CO2 and CH4 production processes and their drivers in the sediment yet remain poorly studied. We thus measured potential CO2 and CH4 production in sediment incubations from 12 sites within the small and shallow crater lake Windsborn in Germany as well as fluxes at the water-atmosphere interface at four sites. Production rates were highly variable and ranged from 7.2 and 38.5 µmol CO2 g C−1 d−1 and from 5.4 to 33.5 µmol CH4 g C−1 d−1. Fluxes lay between 4.5 and 26.9 mmol CO2 m−2 d−1 and between 0 and 9.8 mmol CH4 m−2 d−1. Both CO2 and CH4 production rates and CH4 fluxes were significantly negative (p
Structural elucidation and environmental distributions of butanetriol
and pentanetriol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (BDGTs and PDGTs)
Authors: Coffinet Sarah , Meador Travis B. , Mühlena Lukas , Becker Kevin W. , Schröder Jan , Zhu Qing-Zeng , Lipp Julius S. , Heuer Verena B. , Crump Matthew P. , Hinrichs Kai-Uwe
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Butanetriol and pentanetriol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (BDGTs and PDGTs) are membrane lipids recently discovered in sedimentary environments and in the methanogenic archaeon Methanomassiliicoccus luminyensis. They possess an unusual structure, which challenges fundamental assumptions in lipid biochemistry. Indeed, they bear a butanetriol or a pentanetriol backbone instead of a glycerol at one end of their core structure. In this study, we unambiguously located the additional methyl group of the BDGT compound on the C3 carbon of the lipid backbone via high-field two-dimensional NMR experiments. We further systematically explored the abundance, distribution and isotopic composition of BDGTs and PDGTs as both intact polar and core lipid forms in marine sediments collected in contrasting environments of the Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea. In addition, relatively 13C-depleted BDGTs from the Rhone delta and from the Black Sea are in agreement with a probable methanogenic source for these lipids. In line with this interpretation, high proportions of intact polar BDGTs and PDGTs were detected in the deeper methane-laden sedimentary layers. However, relatively 13C enriched BDGTs and contrasting headgroup distribution patterns of BDGTs and PDGTs in sediments of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea imply that additional archaeal groups also produce these unique lipids.
The longest homogeneous series of grape harvest dates, Beaune 1354–2018, and its significance for the understanding of past and present climate
Authors: Labbé Thomas , Pfister Christian , Brönnimann Stefan , Rousseau Daniel , Franke Jörg , Bois Benjamin
Published: August 2019

Abstract. Records of grape harvest dates (GHDs) are the oldest and the
longest continuous phenological data in Europe. However, many available
series, including the well-known (Dijon) Burgundy series, are error prone
because scholars so far have uncritically drawn the data from 19th century
publications instead of going back to the archives. The GHDs from the famous
vine region of Beaune (Burgundy) were entirely drawn from the archives and
critically cross-checked with narrative evidence. In order to reconstruct
temperature, the series was calibrated against the long Paris temperature
series comprising the 360 years from 1659 to 2018. The 664-year-long Beaune
series from 1354 to 2018 is also significantly correlated with tree-ring and
documentary proxy evidence as well as with the central European temperature
series (from 1500). The series is clearly subdivided into two parts. From
1354 to 1987 grapes were on average picked from 28 September on, whereby
during the last 31-year-long period of rapid warming from 1988 to 2018
harvests began 13 d earlier. Early harvest dates are shown to be
accompanied by high pressure over western–central Europe and atmospheric
blocking over Denmark. The 33 extremely early harvests comprising the fifth
percentile bracket of GHDs are unevenly distributed over time; 21 of them
occurred between 1393 and 1719, while this is the case for just 5 years
between 1720 and 2002. Since the hot summer of 2003, 8 out of 16 spring–summer
periods were outstanding according to the statistics of the last 664 years,
no less than 5 among them within the last 8 years. In the Paris temperature
measurements since 1659, April-to-July temperature reached the highest value
ever in 2018. In sum, the 664-year-long Beaune GHD series demonstrates that
outstanding hot and dry years in the past were outliers, while they have become
the norm since the transition to rapid warming in 1988.
Surface and subsurface Labrador Shelf water mass conditions during the last 6,000 years
Authors: Lochte Annalena A. , Schneider Ralph , Repschläger Janne , Kienast Markus , Blanz Thomas , Garbe-Schönberg Dieter , Andersen Nils
Published: August 2019

Abstract. The Labrador Sea is important for the modern global thermohaline circulation system through the formation of intermediate Labrador Sea Water (LSW) that has been hypothesized to stabilize the modern mode of North Atlantic deep-water circulation. The rate of LSW formation is controlled by the amount of winter heat loss to the atmosphere, the expanse of freshwater in the convection region and the inflow of saline waters from the Atlantic. The Labrador Sea, today, receives freshwater through the East and West Greenland Currents (EGC, WGC) and the Labrador Current (LC). Several studies have suggested the WGC to be the main supplier of freshwater to the Labrador Sea, but the role of the southward flowing LC in Labrador Sea convection is still debated. At the same time, many paleoceanographic reconstructions from the Labrador Shelf focussed on late Deglacial to early Holocene meltwater run-off from the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS), whereas little information exists about LC variability since the final melting of the LIS about 7,000 years ago. In order to enable better assessment of the role of the LC in deep-water formation and its importance for Holocene climate variability in Atlantic Canada, this study presents high-resolution middle to late Holocene records of sea surface and bottom water temperatures, freshening and sea ice cover on the Labrador Shelf during the last 6,000 years. Our records reveal that the LC underwent three major oceanographic phases from the Mid- to Late Holocene. From 6.2 to 5.6 ka BP, the LC experienced a cold episode that was followed by warmer conditions between 5.6 and 2.1 ka BP, possibly associated with the late Holocene Thermal Maximum. Although surface waters on the Labrador Shelf cooled gradually after 3 ka BP in response to the Neoglaciation, Labrador Shelf subsurface/bottom waters show a shift to warmer temperatures after 2.1 ka BP. Although such an inverse stratification by cooling of surface and warming of subsurface waters on the Labrador Shelf would suggest a diminished convection during the last two millennia compared to the mid-Holocene, it remains difficult to assess whether hydrographic conditions in the LC have had a significant impact on Labrador Sea deep-water formation.
pygeodyn 1.1.0: a Python package for geomagnetic data assimilation
Authors: Huder Loïc , Gillet Nicolas , Thollard Franck
Published: August 2019

Abstract. The pygeodyn package is a sequential geomagnetic data assimilation tool written in Python.
It gives access to the core surface dynamics, controlled by geomagnetic observations, by means of a stochastic model anchored to geodynamo simulation statistics.
The pygeodyn package aims to give access to a user-friendly and flexible data assimilation algorithm.
It is designed to be tunable by the community by different means, including the following: the possibility to use embedded data and priors or to supply custom ones; tunable parameters through configuration files; and adapted documentation for several user profiles.
In addition, output files are directly supported by the package webgeodyn that provides a set of visualization tools to explore the results of computations.
Adapting the thermal-based two-source energy balance model to
estimate energy fluxes in a complex tree-grass ecosystem
Authors: Burchard-Levine Vicente , Nieto Héctor , Riaño David , Migliavacca Mirco , El-Madany Tarek S. , Perez-Priego Oscar , Carrara Arnaud , Martín M. Pilar
Published: August 2019

Abstract. The thermal-based Two-Source Energy Balance (TSEB) model has successfully simulated energy fluxes in a wide range of landscapes. However, tree-grass ecosystems (TGE) have notably complex heterogenous vegetation mixtures and dynamic phenological characteristics presenting clear challenges to earth observation and modeling methods. Therefore, the TSEB model was adapted here to consider these significant seasonal changes. To ensure this and understand model dynamics, sensitivity analyses (SA) were conducted on both inputs (local SA) and parameters (global SA). Furthermore, a more physically based wind attenuation sub-model was applied and compared against the classical exponential wind attenuation law. The model was subsequently modified (TSEB-2S) and evaluated against eddy covariance (EC) flux measurements and lysimeters over a TGE experimental site in central Spain. TSEB-2S vastly improved modeled fluxes decreasing the mean bias and RMSD of LE from 34 and 77 W m-2 to 4 and 56 W m-2, respectively during 2015. TSEB-2S was further validated for two other EC towers and for different years (2015, 2016 and 2017) obtaining similar error statistics. The results presented here demonstrate the important role that vegetation, through its structure and phenology, has in controlling ecosystem level energy fluxes, which become important considerations for the modeling procedure. Additionally, TSEB showed to be more sensitive to correctly partitioning incoming radiation, such as characterizing vegetation clumping, compared to accurately modeling the wind profile through the canopy or the aerodynamic roughness.
Cyclic activity of the Fuego de Colima volcano (Mexico): insights from satellite thermal data and nonlinear models
Authors: Massaro Silvia , Costa Antonio , Sulpizio Roberto , Coppola Diego , Capra Lucia
Published: August 2019

Abstract. The Fuego de Colima volcano (Mexico) shows a complex eruptive behavior, with periods of rapid and slow lava dome growth punctuated by explosive activity. We reconstructed the weekly discharge rate average between 1998 and 2018 by means of satellite thermal data integrated with published discharge rate data. By using spectral and wavelet analysis, we found a multiyear long-term, multi-month intermediate-term, and multi-week short-term cyclic behavior during the period of the investigated eruptive activity like that of many other dome-forming volcanoes. We use numerical modeling in order to investigate the nonlinear cyclic eruptive behavior considering a magma feeding system composed of a dual or a single magma chamber connected to the surface through an elastic dyke developing into a cylinder conduit in the shallowest part. We investigated cases in which the periodicity is controlled by (i) the coupled deep–shallow magma reservoirs, (ii) the single shallow chamber, and (iii) the elastic shallow dyke when it is fed by a fixed influx rate or constant pressure. Due to the limitations of the current modeling approach, there is no single configuration that can reproduce all the periodicities on the three different timescales. The model outputs indicate that the observed multiyear periodicity (1.5–2.5 years) can be described by the fluctuations controlled by a shallow magma chamber with a volume of 20–50 km3 coupled with a deep reservoir of ca. 500 km3, connected through a deep elastic dyke. The multi-month periodicity (ca. 5–10 months) appears to be controlled by the shallow magma chamber for the same range of volumes. The short-term multi-week periodicity (ca. 2.5–5 weeks) can be reproduced considering a fixed influx rate or constant pressure at the base of the shallower dyke. This work provides new insights on the nonlinear cyclic behavior of Fuego de Colima and a general framework for comprehension of the eruptive behavior of andesitic volcanoes.
A novel in-service nursing education optimizing theory of technological competency as caring in nursing
Authors: Nakano Youko , Tanioka Tetsuya , Locsin Rozzano , Miyagawa Misao , Yokotani Tomoya , Yasuhara Yuko , Ito Hirokazu , Catangui Elmer
Published: August 2019

Contemporary and future nursing practices are increasingly being designed with nursing theories as to its foundation. The aim of this article is to describe an in-service education program for nursing administrators centered on the theory of Technological Competency as Caring in Nursing (TCCN). This theory is framed chiefly within the concepts of technology, caring, nursing, and technological competency. Influencing the significance of in-service education is theory-based practice with advancing technologies in human caring. The in-service education program was organized as a five-month, one-hour a month lecture and discussion series. In each session, educational contents are focused on the nursing process as caring based on the theory of TCCN. This education is a plan that will gradually educate the nurse manager group, the mid-level nursing staff group, and finally to the staff nurse group. This hierarchically organized in-service educational plan aims to systematically improve their knowledge and practice situation for three years. During each session, theory content included “knowing persons as caring” as the nursing process based on the theory of TCCN. Participating in these lectures are envisioned to increase knowledge about TCCN for the purpose of improving the overall quality of nursing care outcomes. An organized educational plan will improve the quality of nursing care as influenced by the use of the theory of TCCN in the practice of nursing.
Motivation and Attitude of Students on Physics Subject in the Middle School in Indonesia
Authors: Astalini Astalini , Darmaji Darmaji , Pathoni H. , Kurniawan W. , Jufrida Jufrida , Kurniawan Dwi Agus , Perdan R.
Published: August 2019

Purpose: This study aims to determine whether there is a relationship between motivation and attitudes of students towards physics subjects in high school. Method: The type of research used is quantitative descriptive with correlational design. The data used by researchers were in the form of questionnaires/motivational questionnaires and attitudes with a total of 54 statements for attitude questionnaires and 23 statements for motivational questionnaires using liker scale 5. Data Analysis: using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings: the results of this study researchers get good results and enough attitudes towards physics investigation, adoption of scientific attitudes pleasure in learning physics, interested in participating in physics learning activities, believe that he has the ability of physics, and enjoy working on physics tasks good enough, this is in accordance with the analysis of the relationship that has been done, that there is a relationship between motivation and student attitudes toward physics subjects, with details, at level 1 the correlation coefficient is 0.318, then at level 2 is 0.862 and at level 3 is -0.56, at level 1 has a low positive relationship, level 2 has a strong positive relationship, while at level 3 has a moderate negative relationship.
The Predictive Power of the Pre-Service Teachers’ Self-Efficacy Beliefs upon Their Preparedness to Teach
Authors: Aybek Birsel , Aslan Serkan
Published: August 2019

The aim of this study is to reveal the relationship between pre-service teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs and preparedness to teach. In this context, the model of the research is the relational screening model. The sample of the study consisted of 407 fourth grade pre-service teachers who were studying in a state university. Data were collected using three types of data collection tools. These, personal information form, self-efficacy belief scale and being ready for teaching. In the analysis of the data, correlation analysis, descriptive and multiple linear regression analysis were used. As a result of the research, it was determined that the pre-service teachers’ readiness and self-efficacy beliefs were high. In the study, it was found that there was a moderately significant and predictive relationship between the pre-service teachers’ self-efficacy belief and preparedness to teach. Various suggestions have been made based on the results of the research.
Augmented Reality and MS-Kinect in the Learning of Basic Mathematics: KARMLS Case
Authors: Lozada-Yánez Raúl , La-Serna-Palomino Nora , Molina-Granja Fernando
Published: August 2019

By its nature, the learning of certain complex contents has always been a focus of attention and a challenge in the study of mathematics. This fact acquires greater importance if it is about the learning of children, because the psycho-cognitive skills of this type of user, especially when they attend the first levels of Basic General Education are not yet mature. As a result, children are unable to assimilate correctly and easily certain content of an abstract nature during the early stages of mathematics learning. This study presents the results of the application of a computer system called “Kinect based Augmented Reality Math Learning System - KARMLS”, whose design and development uses the Augmented Reality technology and the motion sensor implemented in MS-Kinect camera. The developed application covers elementary math topics corresponding to the Basic General Education curriculum of the Republic of Ecuador. The study used an experimental quantitative approach, involving 29 third-grade children (13 girls and 16 boys), who attend to 2 Basic General Education schools in Riobamba city, Ecuador. The results that allowed to evaluate the prototype proposed in the study were obtained by means of a pretest and a posttest, which were contrasted with the students’ t-test for paired samples. Through the analysis of data obtained and the discussion, it is concluded that the applied computer system had a positive effect for the learning when used as a supplementary tool in the classroom and that it was more effective in children who previously had low performance than with those of high performance. Also, the children were motivated and with positive attitudes regarding the use of the analyzed software.
An Analysis of Secondary School Students’ Anxiety Levels According to Parameters of Gender, Grade Level, Socioeconomic Level and Reading Frequency
Authors: GENÇER Yusuf , DEMİRGÜNEŞ Sercan
Published: August 2019

The aim of this study is to examine the reading anxiety levels of secondary school students according to parameters of gender, grade level, socioeconomic level and reading frequency. The total number of participants of the study is 598 who are students in a secondary school from different grade levels. In this study, reading anxiety scale and personal information form is used. The collected data is analyzed by using independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance and Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient. Just as the first result of the study, it has been found that the reading anxiety levels of secondary school students are low. No significant difference has been found between the levels of students’ reading anxiety and the levels of gender and grade. However, the students’ reading anxiety levels has differed significantly in favor of those with high socioeconomic level. According to the latest finding obtained from the study, the reading anxiety levels of the students has differed significantly in favor of those who have low reading frequency. Therefore, students reading less have more reading anxiety. These results obtained from the study are discussed as stated to the literature.
SEMI STABLE FLIGHT OF SUPERSONIC MORTAR PROJECTILE
Authors: MERDA Tomasz MERDA
Published: August 2019

Significantly large dispersion of projectiles was observed at firing a specific type of a supersonic mortar projectile being devel-oped in the frame of RAK ANUNICJA program. The flying paths, parameters and reasons of falling points dispersion were determined for tested projectiles with a model of external ballistics describing the projectile as a rigid body. Analysis of received results has indicated that the dispersion was not caused by an aerodynamic jump but by an effect which has not been described yet in the literature and is named here as “projectile’s semi-stable flight”. The paper includes a description of the effect with reasons and parameters affecting its occurrence, and a method for determination of the equilibrium nutation angle which plays a key role in this effect.
“God is Love”
Authors: Fedoryka Maria ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: August 2019

These reflections will, firstly, propose a philosophical solution to the Trinitarian problem of the “three-in-one,” and secondly, show how love is foundational to the divine being. Beginning with the Aristotelian notion of substance, I will show how substance undergoes a first modification in the consideration that substance finds its fullest realization in a person existing in a love-relation with another person. The highest instance of this, in turn, will prove to be found in persons whose very essences are constituted by such relationality and the communion resulting from it. This will force a second modification of substance: the unity of substance will turn out to have its highest instance in the moral unity of a plurality of persons existing in love—which leads to the solution of the “three-in-one” problem. I will end by reflecting on the foundational role of love with respect to absolute being.
A new flap combination for reconstruction of lower nasal dorsum and supra-tip skin defects
Authors: Guesnier Mélanie , Claveleau Xavier , Longeac Marielle , Barthélémy Isabelle , Dang Nathalie Pham , Depeyre Arnaud
Published: August 2019

Repairing surgical defects of the nose is still challenging due to its tridimensional shape and its aesthetic concern. Difficulty in reconstructing nasal subunits lies in their contour, skin texture and limited availability of adjacent skin. For lower nasal dorsum and supra-tip regions, we design a new combined local flap as existing local flaps may give disappointing results. This combination flap was performed on two patients for reconstruction of the lower nasal dorsum area after basal cell carcinoma excision. Size of the excision ranged from 20 to 25 mm diameter and safe margins were obtained. The defects were reconstructed with a local flap that combined a rotation nasal flank flap and a V-Y advancement nasolabial flap. Excision and reconstruction were performed in a one-stage surgery under intravenous sedation and local anesthesia. There were no postoperative complications and no flap loss occurred. Aesthetic and functional results after 6 months postoperatively were satisfying without modification of nasal shape. This flap is reliable and offers interesting functional and aesthetic outcomes. It can be considered as a new reconstruction alternative for supra-tip and lower nasal dorsum skin defects performed in a one-stage procedure under local anesthesia.
Analysis of factors involved in brain-death donor processing for face transplantation in Korea: How much time is available from brain death to transplantation?
Authors: Hong Jong Won , Chung Soon Won , Ahn Sung Jae , Lee Won Jai , Lew Dae Hyun , Kim Yong Oock
Published: August 2019

Background Face transplantation has naturally evolved from reconstructive procedures. However, few institutions perform face transplantations, because it is time-consuming and it is necessary to justify non-vital organ transplantation. We investigated the process of organ donation from brain-dead patients and the possibility of incorporating face transplantation into the donation process.

Methods A retrospective review was performed of 1,074 brain-dead patients from January 2015 to December 2016 in Korea. We analyzed the time intervals from admission to brain death decisions (first, second, and final), the causes of brain death, and the state of the transplanted organs.

Results The patient base (n=1,074) was composed of 747 males and 327 females. The average period between admission to the first brain death decision was 8.5 days (±15.3). The average time intervals between the first brain death decision and medical confirmation using electroencephalography and between the first brain death decision and the final determination of brain death were 16 hours 58 minutes (±14 hours 50 minutes) and 22 hours 57 minutes (±16 hours 16 minutes), respectively. The most common cause of brain death was cerebral hemorrhage/stroke (42.3%), followed by hypoxia (30.1%), and head trauma (25.2%).

Conclusions When face transplantation is performed, the transplantation team has 22 hours 57 minutes on average to prepare after the first brain death decision. The cause of brain death was head trauma in approximately one-fourth of cases. Although head trauma does not always imply facial trauma, surgeons should be aware that the facial tissue may be compromised in such cases.
Incidental finding of subclavian artery occlusion and subsequent hypoplastic internal mammary artery as a candidate recipient vessel in DIEP flap breast reconstruction
Authors: Seong Ik Hyun , Woo Kyong-Je
Published: August 2019

We report a case of autologous breast reconstruction in which a thoracodorsal vessel was used as a recipient vessel after a hypoplastic internal mammary vessel was found on preoperative computed tomography (CT) angiography. A 46-year-old woman with no underlying disease was scheduled to undergo skin-sparing mastectomy and breast reconstruction using a deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flap. Preoperative CT angiography showed segmental occlusion of the right subclavian artery with severe atherosclerosis and calcification near the origin of the internal mammary artery, with distal flow maintained by collateral branches. The thoracodorsal artery was selected to be the recipient vessel because CT showed that it was of adequate size and was not affected by atherosclerosis. The patient experienced no postoperative complications, and the flap survived with no vascular complications. The breasts were symmetrical at a 6-month follow-up. This case highlights that preoperative vascular imaging modalities may help surgeons avoid using diseased vessels as recipient vessels in free flap breast reconstructions.
Resíduos orgânicos agropecuários e biodigestores: análise sobre a produção bibliográfica do período de 2000-2017
Authors: Martins Filho José Bonifácio , Neves Rafael Alves das , Araújo Jocelio dos Santos , Ferrão Gregori da Encarnação , Pires Isabela Cristina Gomes
Published: August 2019

O lodo de esgoto (LE) aplicado em solos de florestas plantadas, com base no critério do nitrogênio, pode aumentar a produção de madeira sem causar danos ao ambiente florestal. Entretanto, ainda é necessário analisar a viabilidade econômica dessa prática que pode ser um fator limitante para a reciclagem deste resíduo. Assim, o objetivo do trabalho foi realizar a avaliação econômica do uso de LE (0; 7,7; 15,4 e 23,1 Mg ha-1) sem e com complementação de fertilizante mineral nitrogenado e fosfatado em comparação a adubação convencional de um povoamento de Eucalyptus grandis aos 7,9 anos após o seu plantio através do método de VPLA (Valor Presente Líquido Anualizado), TIR (Taxa Interna de Retorno) e IBC (Índice Benefício/Custo). Foram consideradas taxas de desconto de 6 e 12% a.a. e três cenários nos quais o produtor florestal assume por 100, 50 e 0% dos custos de transporte do lodo. Verificou-se maior produção de madeira no tratamento com 15,4 Mg ha-1 de LE, o qual obteve 338 m3 ha-1. Porém, a adubação mineral convencional representou a opção com melhor viabilidade econômica em todas as situações analisadas, exceto para o cenário no qual o produtor florestal estaria isento do transporte do LE. Notou-se que a variação nas taxas de juros propostas proporcionou maiores acréscimos de VPLA que a alteração de cenários (redução do custo de transporte). Portanto, conclui-se que este produtor florestal apenas se motivaria em aplicar o lodo de esgoto em relação à prática já usual se o custo de transporte deste resíduo não fosse arcado por ele. É importante considerar também que o fator de risco associado ao mercado de LE para aplicação agrícola, o qual não é estruturado e coordenado, pode interferir na tomada de decisão deste produtor.