bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigations concerning the impact of consumption of hot beverages on acute cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in oral mucosa cells
Authors: Ernst Benjamin , Setayesh Tahereh , Nersesyan Armen , Kundi Michael , Fenech Michael , Bolognesi Claudia , Mišík Miroslav , Ghane Masood , Mousavi Seyed Fazlollah , Knasmüller Siegfried
Published: November 2021

Consumption of very hot beverages and foods increases the incidence of oral and esophageal cancer but the mechanisms are not known and the critical temperature is not well defined. We realized a study with exfoliated cells from the oral cavity of individuals (n = 73) that live in an area in Iran which has the highest incidence of EC worldwide. Consumption of beverages at very high temperatures is a characteristic feature of this population. We analyzed biomarkers which are (i) indicative for genetic instability (micronuclei that are formed as a consequence of chromosomal damage, nuclear buds which are a consequence of gene amplifications and binucleated cells which reflect mitotic disturbances), (ii) markers that reflect cytotoxic effects (condensed chromatin, karyorrhectic, karyolitic and pyknotic cells), (iii) furthermore, we determined the number of basal cells which is indicative for the regenerative capacity of the buccal mucosa. The impact of the drinking temperature on the frequencies of these parameters was monitored with thermometers. We found no evidence for induction of genetic damage but an increase of the cytotoxic effects with the temperature was evident. This effect was paralleled by an increase of the cell division rate of the mucosa which was observed when the temperature exceeded 60 °C. Our findings indicate that cancer in the upper digestive tract in drinkers of very hot beverages is not caused by damage of the genetic material but by an increase of the cell division rate as a consequence of cytotoxic effects which take place at temperatures over 60 °C. It is known from earlier experiments with rodents that increased cell divisions lead to tumor promotion in the esophagus. Our findings provide a mechanistic explanation and indicate that increased cancer risks can be expected when the drinking temperature of beverages exceeds 60 °C.
Depletion of essential fatty acids in muscle is associated with shorter survival of cancer patients undergoing surgery-preliminary report
Authors: Bhullar Amritpal S. , Rivas-Serna Irma Magaly , Anoveros-Barrera Ana , Dunichand-Hoedl Abha , Bigam David , Khadaroo Rachel G. , McMullen Todd , Bathe Oliver , Putman Charles T. , Baracos Vickie , Clandinin Michael T. , Mazurak Vera C.
Published: November 2021

Emerging studies are reporting associations between skeletal muscle abnormalities and survival in cancer patients. Cancer prognosis is associated with depletion of essential fatty acids in erythrocytes and plasma in humans. However the relationship between skeletal muscle membrane fatty acid composition and survival is unknown. This study investigates the relationship between fatty acid content of phospholipids in skeletal muscle and survival in cancer patients. Rectus abdominis biopsies were collected during cancer surgery from 35 patients diagnosed with cancer. Thin-layer and gas chromatography were used for quantification of phospholipid fatty acids. Cutpoints for survival were defined using optimal stratification. Median survival was between 450 and 500 days when patients had arachidonic acid (AA) eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in muscle phospholipid below the cut-point compared to 720–800 days for patients above. Cox regression analysis revealed that low amounts of AA, EPA and DHA are risk factors for death. The risk of death remained significant for AA [HR 3.5 (1.11–10.87), p = 0.03], EPA [HR 3.92 (1.1–14.0), p = 0.04] and DHA [HR 4.08 (1.1–14.6), p = 0.03] when adjusted for sex. Lower amounts of essential fatty acids in skeletal muscle membrane is a predictor of survival in cancer patients. These results warrant investigation to restore bioactive fatty acids in people with cancer.
Direct pixel to pixel principal strain mapping from tagging MRI using end to end deep convolutional neural network (DeepStrain)
Authors: Abd-Elmoniem Khaled Z. , Yassine Inas A. , Metwalli Nader S. , Hamimi Ahmed , Ouwerkerk Ronald , Matta Jatin R. , Wessel Mia , Solomon Michael A. , Elinoff Jason M. , Ghanem Ahmed M. , Gharib Ahmed M.
Published: November 2021

Regional soft tissue mechanical strain offers crucial insights into tissue's mechanical function and vital indicators for different related disorders. Tagging magnetic resonance imaging (tMRI) has been the standard method for assessing the mechanical characteristics of organs such as the heart, the liver, and the brain. However, constructing accurate artifact-free pixelwise strain maps at the native resolution of the tagged images has for decades been a challenging unsolved task. In this work, we developed an end-to-end deep-learning framework for pixel-to-pixel mapping of the two-dimensional Eulerian principal strains $$\varvec{{\varepsilon }}_{\boldsymbol{p1}}$$

ε

p
1

and $$\varvec{{\varepsilon }}_{\boldsymbol{p2}}$$

ε

p
2

directly from 1-1 spatial modulation of magnetization (SPAMM) tMRI at native image resolution using convolutional neural network (CNN). Four different deep learning conditional generative adversarial network (cGAN) approaches were examined. Validations were performed using Monte Carlo computational model simulations, and in-vivo datasets, and compared to the harmonic phase (HARP) method, a conventional and validated method for tMRI analysis, with six different filter settings. Principal strain maps of Monte Carlo tMRI simulations with various anatomical, functional, and imaging parameters demonstrate artifact-free solid agreements with the corresponding ground-truth maps. Correlations with the ground-truth strain maps were R = 0.90 and 0.92 for the best-proposed cGAN approach compared to R = 0.12 and 0.73 for the best HARP method for $$\varvec{{\varepsilon }}_{\boldsymbol{p1}}$$

ε

p
1

and $$\varvec{{\varepsilon }}_{\boldsymbol{p2}}$$

ε

p
2

, respectively. The proposed cGAN approach's error was substantially lower than the error in the best HARP method at all strain ranges. In-vivo results are presented for both healthy subjects and patients with cardiac conditions (Pulmonary Hypertension). Strain maps, obtained directly from their corresponding tagged MR images, depict for the first time anatomical, functional, and temporal details at pixelwise native high resolution with unprecedented clarity. This work demonstrates the feasibility of using the deep learning cGAN for direct myocardial and liver Eulerian strain mapping from tMRI at native image resolution with minimal artifacts.
The effects of cow dominance on the use of a mechanical brush
Authors: Foris Borbala , Lecorps Benjamin , Krahn Joseph , Weary Daniel M. , von Keyserlingk Marina A. G.
Published: November 2021

An animal’s social position within a group can influence its ability to perform important behaviours like eating and resting, but little is known about how social position affects the ability to express what are arguably less important but still rewarding behaviors, such as grooming. We set out to assess if dominance measured at the feeder is associated with increased use of a mechanical brush. Over a 2-year period, 161 dry cows were enrolled in a dynamically changing group of 20 individuals with access to a mechanical brush. We determined dominance using agonistic behaviors at the feeder and retrospectively analyzed brush use for the 12 most, and 12 least dominant individuals during the week before calving. Cows that were more dominant at the feeder used the brush more, especially during peak feeding times. Agonistic interactions at the brush did not differ between dominants and subordinates and were not related to brushing duration. These findings indicate that social position, calculated using competition for feed, affects mechanical brush access such that subordinates use the brush less than dominant cows independent of competition or time of day.
A comparative study of auto-contouring softwares in delineation of organs at risk in lung cancer and rectal cancer
Authors: Chen Weijun , Wang Cheng , Zhan Wenming , Jia Yongshi , Ruan Fangfang , Qiu Lingyun , Yang Shuangyan , Li Yucheng
Published: November 2021

Radiotherapy requires the target area and the organs at risk to be contoured on the CT image of the patient. During the process of organs-at-Risk (OAR) of the chest and abdomen, the doctor needs to contour at each CT image. The delineations of large and varied shapes are time-consuming and laborious. This study aims to evaluate the results of two automatic contouring softwares on OARs definition of CT images of lung cancer and rectal cancer patients. The CT images of 15 patients with rectal cancer and 15 patients with lung cancer were selected separately, and the organs at risk were manually contoured by experienced physicians as reference structures. And then the same datasets were automatically contoured based on AiContour (version 3.1.8.0, Manufactured by Linking MED, Beijing, China) and Raystation (version 4.7.5.4, Manufactured by Raysearch, Stockholm, Sweden) respectively. Deep learning auto-segmentations and Atlas were respectively performed with AiContour and Raystation. Overlap index (OI), Dice similarity index (DSC) and Volume difference (Dv) were evaluated based on the auto-contours, and independent-sample t-test analysis is applied to the results. The results of deep learning auto-segmentations on OI and DSC were better than that of Atlas with statistical difference. There was no significant difference in Dv between the results of two software. With deep learning auto-segmentations, auto-contouring results of most organs in the chest and abdomen are good, and with slight modification, it can meet the clinical requirements for planning. With Atlas, auto-contouring results in most OAR is not as good as deep learning auto-segmentations, and only the auto-contouring results of some organs can be used clinically after modification.
Entanglement witnesses from mutually unbiased measurements
Authors: Siudzińska Katarzyna , Chruściński Dariusz
Published: November 2021

A new family of positive, trace-preserving maps is introduced. It is defined using the mutually unbiased measurements, which generalize the notion of mutual unbiasedness of orthonormal bases. This family allows one to define entanglement witnesses whose indecomposability depends on the characteristics of the associated measurement operators. We provide examples of indecomposable witnesses and compare their entanglement detection properties with the realignment criterion.
The effect of smiling on the perceived age of male and female faces across the lifespan
Authors: Ganel Tzvi , Goodale Melvyn A.
Published: November 2021

Previous research has shown an unintuitive effect of facial expression on perceived age: smiling faces are perceived as older compared to neutral faces of the same people. The aging effect of smiling (AES), which is thought to result from the presence of smile-related wrinkles around the eyes, contradicts the common belief that smiling faces should be perceived as younger, not older. Previous research, however, has focused on faces of young adults, where the absence of inherent, age-related wrinkles and other age signs is offset by the weight of the smile-related wrinkles. In a series of experiments, we tested whether the AES extends to male and female faces in older age groups. We replicated the AES in young adults (20–39) and showed that it disappeared in older adults (60–79) of both genders. For photos of middle-aged adults (40–59), however, AES was found only for male, but not for female faces, who showed fewer and less prominent smile-related wrinkles. The results suggest that a person’s apparent age is perceived in a holistic manner in which age-related cues in the region of the eyes are weighted against age cues in other regions of the face.
Incidence and risk factors of gonococcal urethritis reinfection among Thai male patients in a multicenter, retrospective cohort study
Authors: Meesaeng Monai , Sakboonyarat Boonsub , Thaiwat Supitchaya
Published: November 2021

Gonococcal urethritis (GU) is the second most common sexually transmitted infection (STI). Epidemiologic studies of the situation of GU reinfection and its related risk factors among patients with a history of GU in Thailand remain somewhat limited. A hospital-based retrospective cohort study was conducted between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2020 to determine the incidence and risk factors of GU reinfection among male patients visiting in Royal Thai Army (RTA) Hospitals. A total of 2,465 male patients presenting a history of GU was included in this study. In all, 147 (6.0%; 95% CI 5.1–6.9) male patients presented GU reinfection, representing an incidence rate of 1.3 (95% CI 1.1–1.5) per 100 person-years. The independent risk factors for GU reinfection were age < 30 years (AHR 1.7; 95% CI 1.0–2.8), number of sexual partners equal to 2 (AHR 3.4; 95% CI 1.0–11.2), $$\ge$$
≥
3 (AHR 5.6; 95% CI 2.7–11.6), and participants residing in the north (AHR 4.1; 95% CI 2.3–7.5) and northeast regions (AHR 2.1; 95% CI 1.1–3.9). Incidence of GU reinfection among male patients visiting RTA Hospitals was significantly high among younger aged patients, especially in the north and northeast regions. Multiple sex partners played a major role in GU reinfection. Effective STI prevention programs should be provided to alleviate reinfection and its complications.
Plasmodium falciparum pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 gene deletions among patients in the DRC enrolled from 2017 to 2018
Authors: McCaffery Jessica N. , Nace Douglas , Herman Camelia , Singh Balwan , Sompwe Eric Mukomena , Nkoli Papy Mandoko , Ngoyi Dieudonné Mumba , Kahunu Gauthier Mesia , Halsey Eric S. , Rogier Eric
Published: November 2021

Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) detecting histidine-rich protein 2 (HRP2) and HRP3 are widely used throughout sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) to diagnose Plasmodium falciparum malaria. However, multiple SSA countries have reported pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 (pfhrp2/3) gene deletions. Blood samples (n = 1109) collected from patients with P. falciparum infection from six health facilities throughout the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) from March 2017 to January 2018 were evaluated for pfhrp2/3 deletions. Samples were assayed for HRP2, pan-Plasmodium LDH (pLDH) and aldolase (pAldolase) antigens by bead-based multiplex antigen assay. Samples with low HRP2 concentration compared to pLDH and pAldolase antigens were selected for further pfhrp2/3 genotyping PCRs. The majority of blood samples (93.3%, 1035/1109) had high concentrations of the HRP2 antigen. Single deletions of pfhrp2 were identified in 0.27% (3/1109) of screened samples, with one sample from each of the Kapolowe, Mikalayi, and Rutshuru study sites. A pfhrp3 single deletion (0.09%, 1/1109) was found in the Kapolowe site. Dual pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 deletions were not observed. Due to, the low numbers of pfhrp2 deletions and the sporadic locations of these deletions, the use of HRP2-based RDTs appears to still be appropriate for these locations in DRC.
Latency-associated DNA methylation patterns among HIV-1 infected individuals with distinct disease progression courses or antiretroviral virologic response
Authors: Mantovani Nathalia , Defelicibus Alexandre , da Silva Israel Tojal , Cicero Maira Ferreira , Santana Luiz Claudio , Arnold Rafael , de Castro Daniela Funayama , Duro Rodrigo Lopes Sanz , Nishiyama-Jr Milton Yutaka , Junqueira-de-Azevedo Inácio Loiola Meirelles , da Silva Bosco Christiano Maciel , da Silva Duarte Alberto José , Casseb Jorge , de Barros Tenore Simone , Hunter James , Diaz Ricardo Sobhie , Komninakis Shirley Cavalcante Vasconcelos
Published: November 2021

DNA methylation is one of the epigenetic modifications that configures gene transcription programs. This study describes the DNA methylation profile of HIV-infected individuals with distinct characteristics related to natural and artificial viremia control. Sheared DNA from circulating mononuclear cells was subjected to target enrichment bisulfite sequencing designed to cover CpG-rich genomic regions. Gene expression was assessed through RNA-seq. Hypermethylation in virologic responders was highly distributed closer to Transcription Start Sites (p-value = 0.03). Hyper and hypomethylation levels within TSS adjacencies varied according to disease progression status (Kruskal–Wallis, p < 0.001), and specific differentially methylated regions associated genes were identified for each group. The lower the promoter methylation, the higher the gene expression in subjects undergoing virologic failure (R = − 0.82, p = 0.00068). Among the inversely correlated genes, those supporting glycolysis and its related pathways were hypomethylated and up-regulated in virologic failures. Disease progression heterogeneity was associated with distinct DNA methylation patterns in terms of rates and distribution. Methylation was associated with the expression of genes sustaining intracellular glucose metabolism in subjects undergoing antiretroviral virologic failure. Our findings highlight that DNA methylation is associated with latency, disease progression, and fundamental cellular processes.
Combining machine learning and conventional statistical approaches for risk factor discovery in a large cohort study
Authors: Madakkatel Iqbal , Zhou Ang , McDonnell Mark D. , Hyppönen Elina
Published: November 2021

We present a simple and efficient hypothesis-free machine learning pipeline for risk factor discovery that accounts for non-linearity and interaction in large biomedical databases with minimal variable pre-processing. In this study, mortality models were built using gradient boosting decision trees (GBDT) and important predictors were identified using a Shapley values-based feature attribution method, SHAP values. Cox models controlled for false discovery rate were used for confounder adjustment, interpretability, and further validation. The pipeline was tested using information from 502,506 UK Biobank participants, aged 37–73 years at recruitment and followed over seven years for mortality registrations. From the 11,639 predictors included in GBDT, 193 potential risk factors had SHAP values ≥ 0.05, passed the correlation test, and were selected for further modelling. Of the total variable importance summed up, 60% was directly health related, and baseline characteristics, sociodemographics, and lifestyle factors each contributed about 10%. Cox models adjusted for baseline characteristics, showed evidence for an association with mortality for 166 out of the 193 predictors. These included mostly well-known risk factors (e.g., age, sex, ethnicity, education, material deprivation, smoking, physical activity, self-rated health, BMI, and many disease outcomes). For 19 predictors we saw evidence for an association in the unadjusted but not adjusted analyses, suggesting bias by confounding. Our GBDT-SHAP pipeline was able to identify relevant predictors ‘hidden’ within thousands of variables, providing an efficient and pragmatic solution for the first stage of hypothesis free risk factor identification.
Visual management of medical things with an advanced color-change RFID tag
Authors: Sun Ran , Rahmadya Budi , Kong Fangyuan , Takeda Shigeki
Published: November 2021

This paper proposes a visual management scheme of medical things with a color-change radio frequency identification (RFID) tag. The color-change RFID tag employs a specific RFID tag integrated circuit (IC) and a laminated pH-indicating paper. The IC has energy harvesting and switched ground functions, which enable it to generate electricity to the laminated pH-indicating paper. This phenomenon causes electrolysis of NaCl solution absorbed in the laminated pH-indicating paper. Electrolysis generates alkaline matter to change the color of the pH-indicating paper. This paper gives a new and sensitive structure of the laminated pH-indicating paper. The proposed advanced color-change RFID tag with new laminated pH-indicating paper succeeds in changing its color noticeably at a 1 m distance using an RFID reader radiating 1 W radio waves. The color change was observed 3–5 s after starting radio wave irradiation. The results of this experiment also confirm that the changed color can be held for over 24 h. Furthermore, two demonstrations of the visual management system of medical things (patient clothes and sanitizers) are presented.
A triphenylamine derivative and its Cd(ii) complex with high-contrast mechanochromic luminescence and vapochromism
Authors: Liang Qiong-Fang , Zheng Han-Wen , Yang Dong-Dong , Zheng Xiang-Jun
Published: November 2021

A triphenylamine derivative and its Cd(ii) complex exhibited predominant mechanochromism and vapochromism with high-contrast color and emission changes.
Protective and restorative effects of sophorolipid on intestinal dystrophy in dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis mouse model
Authors: Kwak Min-Jin , Ha Dong-Jin , Choi Yong-Soon , Lee Hanbae , Whang Kwang-Youn
Published: November 2021

Dietary supplementation of sophorolipid could protect from damage of dextran sodium sulphate by improvement of mucus layer and gut bacterial metabolites.
Small intestinal sampling capsule for inflammatory bowel disease type detection and management
Authors: Nejati Sina , Wang Jiangshan , Heredia-Rivera Ulisses , Sedaghat Sotoudeh , Woodhouse Ian , Johnson Jay S. , Verma Mohit , Rahimi Rahim
Published: November 2021

A non-invasive sampling capsule is introduced to site-selectively collect calprotectin biomarker from the small intestine. This approach can be accompanied with the fecal calprotectin assay to diagnose IBD and differentiate its types (CD and UC).
Enhanced catalytic performance of pillared δ-MnO2 with enlarged layer spaces for lithium– and sodium–oxygen batteries: a theoretical investigation
Authors: Li Jia-Hui , Yu Yang-Xin
Published: November 2021

Three benzenedisulfonic pillared δ-MnO2 are theoretically explored for their catalytic activity for lithium– and sodium–oxygen batteries. The 2-chloro-1,4-benzenedisulfonic acid pillared structure stands out for its excellent catalytic performance.
Enhanced exopolysaccharide yield and antioxidant activities of Schizophyllum commune fermented products by the addition of Radix Puerariae
Authors: Deng Yongfei , Huang Qian , Hu Lu , Liu Tao , Zheng Bisheng , Lu Dengjun , Guo Chaowan , Zhou Lin
Published: November 2021

To increase the production of exopolysaccharides and expand the application of Schizophyllum commune fermentation liquid, the traditional Chinese medicine Radix Puerariae with outstanding biological activity was selected as a culture additive.
Nuclear receptors: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutics
Authors: Frigo Daniel E. , Bondesson Maria , Williams Cecilia
Published: November 2021

Nuclear receptors are classically defined as ligand-activated transcription factors that regulate key functions in reproduction, development, and physiology. Humans have 48 nuclear receptors, which when dysregulated are often linked to diseases. Because most nuclear receptors can be selectively activated or inactivated by small molecules, they are prominent therapeutic targets. The basic understanding of this family of transcription factors was accelerated in the 1980s upon the cloning of the first hormone receptors. During the next 20 years, a deep understanding of hormone signaling was achieved that has translated to numerous clinical applications, such as the development of standard-of-care endocrine therapies for hormonally driven breast and prostate cancers. A 2004 issue of this journal reviewed progress on elucidating the structures of nuclear receptors and their mechanisms of action. In the current issue, we focus on the broad application of new knowledge in this field for therapy across diverse disease states including cancer, cardiovascular disease, various inflammatory diseases, the aging brain, and COVID-19.
Intersystem fault between MMC‐HVDC and AC systems and its impact on DC/AC protection
Authors: Wang Wenbo , Li Bin , Li Botong , He Jiawei , Yao Bin , Liu Yimin
Published: November 2021

Flexible DC and AC transmission lines can be arranged across vertically or sharing transmission corridor. Under this condition, the possibility of intersystem fault increases significantly, which endangers the safety of both DC and AC systems. Here, the intersystem fault between bipolar half‐bridge MMC‐HVDC system and AC system is analysed. The reliability of DC wavefront protection after intersystem fault is analysed based on initial traveling wave, while the reliability of DC intersystem fault protection and AC protection is analysed based on 50 Hz component characteristics. Since wavefront protection cannot be guaranteed to operate reliably, intersystem fault protection based on 50 Hz components is applied to DC system to reliably detect intersystem faults and isolate the fault by commanding DC circuit breaker to trip. Although current differential relaying and zero‐sequence overcurrent relaying in AC system can reliably detect intersystem faults, a large DC offset prevents effective fault isolation of AC circuit breaker. This highlights the necessity of MMC‐HVDC system to reliably isolate intersystem faults.
Hierarchical broad learning system for hyperspectral image classification
Authors: Xiao Guangrun , Wei Yantao , Yao Huang , Deng Wei , Xu Jiazhen , Pan Donghui
Published: November 2021

A new spectral‐spatial hyperspectral image (HSI) classification method called hierarchical broad learning system (HBLS) has been proposed in this paper. Specifically, it combines wavelet, broad learning system (BLS) and Gabor filters into a hierarchical structure. First of all, wavelet is used to reduce the observation noise of HSIs. Then BLS is adopted to acquire a set of pixelwise probability maps from the input data, and Gabor filters are used to explore spatial information by refining these probability maps. These two operations (BLS and Gabor filtering) are alternated to form a hierarchical architecture. And the discriminative spectral‐spatial features can be extracted at each layer of the hierarchical architecture. Finally, the spectral‐spatial features are fed into the standard BLS for classification. Experimental results on three widely used HSIs reveal that HBLS outperforms some state‐of‐the‐art methods in terms of classification accuracy and sample complexity.
OsaMOT: Occlusion and scale‐aware multi‐object tracking algorithm for low viewpoint
Authors: Yue Yingying , Xu Dan , He Kangjian , Shi Hongzhen , Zhang Hao
Published: November 2021

Multi‐object tracking (MOT), which uses the context information of image sequences to locate, maintain identities and generate trajectories of multiple targets in each frame, is key technology in the field of computer vision. To address the problems of occlusion and scale variation in low‐viewpoint MOT, OsaMOT is proposed here. First, according to the global occlusion state of each frame, OsaMOT proposes the adaptive anti‐occlusion feature to enhance the awareness and adaptability for occlusion. At the same time, OsaMOT uses the cascade screening mechanism to reduce the “virtual new target” phenomenon due to the dramatic change in target features caused by scale variation and occlusion. Finally, considering that the occluded templates will affect the tracking performance, OsaMOT proposes an adaptive anti‐noise template update mechanism according to the partial occlusion state of the target, which improves the purity of the template library and further enhances the applicability to occlusion. The experimental results show that OsaMOT can weaken the influence of scale variation, partial occlusion, short‐term full occlusion and long‐term full occlusion in the low‐viewpoint tracking scenes. Most evaluation indexes of OsaMOT under low‐viewpoint tracking scenario are superior to those of some typical algorithms proposed in recent years, and the tracking robustness is improved.
High‐gain combined buck‐boost‐Cuk converter with coupled inductance
Authors: Rong Desheng , Wang Ning , Sun Xuanjin , Dong Haoran
Published: November 2021

This article proposes a current step‐up converter for high‐gain applications by combining a buck‐boost converter and a Cuk converter to form a buck‐boost‐Cuk converter with a shared input terminal. In order to further improve the performance of the converter and reduce the number of components, the primary side and secondary side of the coupled inductor are respectively connected to different branches, so that the diode‐capacitor branch in this structure could be used as a voltage doubler branch, and performed as a passive clamp circuit to absorb leakage inductance energy, which suppressed the voltage spike generated by the parasitic capacitance and the leakage inductance of the resonance; to some extent, it reduced the voltage stress of the power switch. This paper analyzed the operating principle and performance of the converter, then made the parameter design for the proposed converter, and compared the performance of different converter systems. At last, this paper built a 150 W experimental prototype to verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis.
Effective demand response and GANs for optimal constraint unit commitment in solar‐tidal based microgrids
Authors: Mobtahej Mohammadamin , Esapour Khodakhast , Tajalli Seyede Zahra , Mohammadi Mojtaba
Published: November 2021

A new approach for optimal demand response program (DRP) in the microgrid considering the high penetration of the solar energy and tidal units as significant and popular renewable sources in the system is proposed here. The proposed method makes use of a multi‐objective problem (MOP) to not only minimize the total operation cost of the scheduling problem but also mitigate the high risk of the interruption in power delivery due to the components failure rate and long repairing rates. Considering the high complexity and nonlinearity of the formulation, a novel heuristic method based on the firefly algorithm is introduced to solve the problem without any assumption or killing the accuracy. In addition, a dynamic three‐phase correction (DPC) formulation is proposed which can help to increase the global search characteristics of the method when boosting the convergence capability of the model. Due to the hard predictability nature of the solar irradiance, a deep learning model based on generative adversarial networks (GAN) is presented to predict the output power of the solar and tidal units properly. The high performance and feasibility of the proposed multi‐layer problem are assessed on an IEEE test system.
Three dimensional motion camouflage guidance utilizing multiple leaders and one interceptor
Authors: Kim Jonghoek
Published: November 2021

This study presents a three dimensional guidance control to intercept a manoeuvring evader. In this study, the authors introduce passive sensing systems, which can move to track the evader, so that the evader cannot escape from the mobile sensing systems. Passive sensing systems composed of multiple aerial vehicles, called leaders, are considered. This study utilizes multiple leaders and one interceptor, which can localize themselves. The interceptor is guided to chase the evader, so that the line connecting the interceptor and the evader does not rotate. The leaders acquire 3‐D angle‐of‐arrival (AOA) measurements of the evader to estimate the evader's 3‐D global coordinate in real time. The leaders are controlled, so that they maximize the information gain from AOA measurements of the evader. The leaders approach the estimated evader, while decreasing the estimate error by changing the formation adaptively. Based on the estimated evader, the interceptor's guidance law is calculated utilizing a leader's on‐board computer and is transmitted to the interceptor in almost real time. To the best of our knowledge, this study is novel in developing multi‐agent control to chase a manoeuvring evader based on leaders' AOA measurements. The effectiveness of the multi‐agent control is shown under computer simulations.
Intelligent fault diagnosis of rolling bearing using the ensemble self‐taught learning convolutional auto‐encoders
Authors: Zhang Yilan , Wang Jinxi , Zhang Faye , Lv Shanshan , Zhang Lei , Jiang Mingshun , Sui Qingmei
Published: November 2021

The lack of labelled data presents a common challenge in many fault diagnosis and machine learning tasks. It requires the model to be able to efficiently capture useful fault features from a smaller amount of labelled data. In this paper, a method to train multiple convolutional auto‐encoders by self‐learning method and integrate them using ensemble learning, called ensemble self‐taught learning convolutional auto‐encoders (STL‐CAEs), is proposed, which can effectively extract features of bearing vibration signals. First, an ensemble learning strategy is proposed to obtain two auto‐encoders that satisfy the strategy by optimizing the model parameters and structure. Then, a self‐taught learning training method is proposed to solve the problem of little label data. Finally, ensemble learning and fault diagnosis is achieved by the SoftMax classifier. Applying the proposed method to the bearing data from Case Western Reserve University, the STL‐CAEs have higher accuracy and generalization than common fault diagnosis methods such as CAE, CNN, SAE and EMD, and also have significant advantages in terms of diagnostic time and training time.
A testing method with steep impact voltage inspecting the internal defects in EMU roof cable termination
Authors: Sun Jixing , Lv Yunlong , Ding Fan , Liu Jiyong , Zhi Qingyun , Song Sibo , Wen Huabin
Published: November 2021

A high‐voltage cable terminal on the roof of a high‐speed electric multiple unit operates in an intermittent impact load environment. The internal defects of the cable terminal are accelerated and are likely to cause insulation failure. Therefore, in this study, a steep impact voltage method is proposed to identify defective cable termination and establish a thermal and electric field model of the cable termination to analyse the defect development process. The results demonstrated that the interface performance of the cable terminal decreased after operation, and the internal insulation broke down under a steep‐wave impulse voltage. Under the operating voltage, there was an electric field concentration at the interface between the stress layer and the insulation layer of the cable terminal that can cause partial discharge within the defect located in this part. The thermal field distortion at the cable terminal joint was obvious, and the resulting air gap reduced the interface performance. Field distortion aggravates the insulation damage under frequent thermal shock and causes insulation accidents. This study provides an experimental reference and theoretical basis for the design and operation of cable terminations.
Time is Brain – präklinische Notfallversorgung des akuten ischämischen Schlaganfalls
Authors: Möller Leona , Timmermann Lars , Gerstner Anja
Published: November 2021

Der Schlaganfall ist einer der häufigsten neurologischen Notfälle und bedarf einer schnellen Erkennung und Behandlung. Hierfür sind die Schulung des Rettungsdienstpersonals, die Optimierung von Abläufen und die enge Verzahnung zwischen prä- und intrahospitaler Phase von besonderer Bedeutung. Mobile Stroke Units und Telemedizin können die kritische Phase zusätzlich verkürzen, um ein besseres Outcome für die Patienten zu erreichen.
Ein Paradigmenwechsel in der Pflegefinanzierung
Authors: Schiffer Helmut , Bechtel Peter , Müller Gabriele , Reiner Annika , Riesterer Sebastian
Published: November 2021

Die Umstellung auf das Pflegebudget bedeutet für die Krankenhäuser veränderte Verhandlungen mit den Krankenkassen. Dabei geht es um klinikindividuelle Pflegekosten – und damit um viel Geld. Erfahren Sie mehr über Inhalte und Verhandlungsstrategien.
Zum 200. Geburtstag von Sebastian Kneipp
Authors: Langhorst Jost
Published: November 2021

Für die Medizin des 21. Jahrhunderts in Deutschland und der westlichen Welt gibt es vor allem drei dominierende Themen: Auswirkungen der Klimaveränderungen, Pandemien und chronische Erkrankungen. Die moderne Medizin zeigt sich überaus erfolgreich in der Akutbehandlung der dominierenden Erkrankungen des 20. Jahrhunderts. Diese Werkzeuge der Akutmedizin – vor allem ein rein medikamentöser Ansatz – auch bei chronischen Erkrankungen einzusetzen, erweist sich als deutlich weniger erfolgreich – bei gleichzeitig eskalierenden Kosten. Derzeit werden täglich über 1 Mrd. Euro pro Tag im Gesundheitssystem umgesetzt, Tendenz steigend, die Lebenserwartung (Eurostaaten) stagniert aber seit 2015 (Männer: 78,6, Frauen 83,6 Jahre, in den Coronajahren sogar rückläufig) – die Anzahl der gesunden Lebensjahre nimmt ab.
Diabetes, Durchblutung und Diabetischer Fuß
Authors: Sigl Martin , Amendt Klaus
Published: November 2021

Diabetes mellitus (DM) gehört neben Rauchen, arteriellem Hypertonus und Hyperlipoproteinämie zu den Hauptrisikofaktoren der peripheren arteriellen Verschlusskrankheit (pAVK). Mit zunehmender Diabetesdauer nehmen mikro- und makrovaskuläre Veränderungen zu. Die finale Komplikation am Bein, sowohl der pAVK als auch des diabetischen Fußsyndroms (DFS) ist die Ober- oder Unterschenkelamputation (Majoramputation). Eine pAVK erhöht das Risiko einer Wundheilungsstörung, Infektion und Amputation. Bei Patienten mit DM wird daher die regelmäßige Erhebung des Gefäßstatus empfohlen. Absolut notwendig ist sie bei allen Patienten mit DFS. Die wichtigste Untersuchung ist die farbkodierte Duplexsonografie (FKDS) der Beinarterien. Zu den klinischen Zeichen der Polyneuropathie (PNP) gehören Muskelatrophien und Hyperkeratosen. Häufig liegt bei DFS-Patienten mit Fußulzera eine reduzierte oder fehlende Schmerzempfindung (Nozizeption) vor. Bei Patienten mit DM und pAVK steht neben der Therapie vaskulärer Risikofaktoren und Begleiterkrankungen die Verbesserung des peripheren Blutflusses bei symptomatischen Patienten im Vordergrund. Bei Vorliegen eines DFS sind die Infektbekämpfung, Druckentlastung und Revaskularisation Hauptsäulen der Therapie. Die Nachsorge umfasst die Stoffwechselkontrolle, die regelmäßige Durchblutungskontrolle sowie die protektive podologische Behandlung und stadiengerechte Schuhversorgung. Entscheidend ist die interdisziplinäre Betreuung von DFS-Patienten mit spezialisierter Versorgung in geteilter Verantwortung („shared care“).
Psychoonkologie 2021 – ein ganzheitliches Behandlungskonzept
Authors: Muth Christiana
Published: November 2021

Was ist, will und kann die Psychoonkologie Der Beitrag stellt eine in Deutschland einmalige Organisationsstruktur für die psychoonkologische Behandlung von Krebspatienten vor, in der professionelle therapeutische Unterstützung durch Praktiker verschiedenster Professionen „unter einem Dach“ geleistet wird. Eine erfolgreiche psychoonkologische Behandlung hat einen positiven Einfluss auf die gesamte Behandlungscompliance und damit auf den umfassenden Behandlungserfolg. Psychoonkologie kann den Patienten helfen, den Wert ihres Lebens zu erkennen und unabhängig von der verbleibenden Lebenszeit das Leben lebenswert zu gestalten. Dieser Anspruch erfordert für den psychoonkologischen Ansatz ein ganzheitliches Therapieangebot, das auch existenzielle und Trauma-orientierte Dimensionen in die Behandlung einbezieht.
Approach to Headache
Authors: Bobker Sarah M. , Safdieh Joseph E.
Published: November 2021

There is a very high prevalence of headache in both outpatient and inpatient settings, in the United States and worldwide, due to an abundance of possible causes. Having a practical and systematic approach to evaluating and treating headache is, therefore, key to making the correct diagnosis, or possibly overlapping diagnoses. Taking a thorough and methodical headache history is the mainstay for diagnosis of both primary and secondary headache disorders. Evaluation and workup should include a complete neurological examination, consideration of neuroimaging in specific limited situations, and serum or spinal fluid analysis if indicated. Adopting a diagnostic approach to headache ensures that cannot-miss, or potentially fatal, headache syndromes are not overlooked, while resource-intensive tests are performed only on an as-needed basis.
A Review of Musculoskeletal Embolization to Treat Pain Outside of the Knee
Authors: Sajan Abin , Bagla Sandeep , Isaacson Ari
Published: November 2021

Chronic inflammation leading to musculoskeletal pain has garnered interest in the past decade with the success of genicular artery embolization for knee pain secondary to osteoarthritis. Outside the knee joint, musculoskeletal embolization has been applied to other anatomical locations, mainly shoulder pain secondary to adhesive capsulitis and elbow pain secondary to lateral epicondylitis. The success of these early trials and other case reports highlights the efficacy of musculoskeletal embolization and its future potential.
The other-granted self of Korean “comfort women”
Authors: Choe Hanwool
Published: November 2021

Bringing together “identity as agency” (Schiffrin, 1996;De Fina, 2003),Bamberg’s (1997)three-level positioning, andTannen’s (2008)narrative types, I analyze three interview narratives of Korean women coerced into the Japanese military’s sexual slavery during World War II, commonly known as “comfort women”. Through an eye toward “others” – e.g., Japanese soldiers, “comfort station” managers, interviewers, and sociocultural and sociopolitical forces – I investigate the manipulation of the women’s agency with their identities positioned as victims, rather than survivors. Meaning-making strategies, such as “constructed dialogue” (Tannen, 2007[1989]), repetition, deixis, and third turns, present the ways in which various others objectify and marginalize the women as well as control their stories. These illuminate how the women’s identities are granted and defined by others. This other-granted identity work reinforces aspects of language ideologies and ideologies of being silenced.
Idioms of polymediated practices and the techno-social accomplishment of co-presence in transnational families
Authors: Greschke Heike Monika
Published: November 2021

Drawing on data from a comparative ethnographic study on media usage in transnational families, this paper contributes to a reappraisal of polymedia theory. Two main theoretical assumptions are reconsidered. First, it is demonstrated why the equal availability assumption has to be revised in light of the complex interactions between the corporeal, communicative and social mobilities which together constitute transnational migration. Second, it is argued that the techno-socially accomplished co-presence in transnational families depends more on the creative appropriation and combination of different media channels and communication forms than on the choice between them. In order to empirically investigate the specific needs for, and forms of co-presence in families, the concept of ‘registers of presence’ is proposed. It allows us to understand in detail in what ways and in which constellations transnational families create togetherness with the help of communication technologies.
Genetic variants within the COL5A1 gene are associated with ligament injuries in physically active populations from Australia, South Africa, and Japan
Authors: Alvarez‐Romero Javier , Laguette Mary‐Jessica N. , Seale Kirsten , Jacques Macsue , Voisin Sarah , Hiam Danielle , Feller Julian A. , Tirosh Oren , Miyamoto‐Mikami Eri , Kumagai Hiroshi , Kikuchi Naoki , Kamiya Nobuhiro , Fuku Noriyuki , Collins Malcolm , September Alison V. , Eynon Nir
Published: November 2021

Previous small‐scale studies have shown an association between the COL5A1 gene and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk. In this larger study, the genotype and allele frequency distributions of the COL5A1 rs12722 C/T and rs10628678 AGGG/deletion (AGGG/‐) indel variants were compared between participants: (i) with ACL injury in independent and combined cohorts from South‐Africa (SA) and Australia (AUS) vs controls (CON), and (ii) with any ligament (ALL) or only ACL injury in a Japanese (JPN) cohort vs CON. Samples were collected from SA (235 cases; 232 controls), AUS (362 cases; 80 controls) and JPN (500 cases; 1,403 controls). Genomic DNA was extracted and genotyped. Distributions were compared, and inferred haplotype analyses performed. No independent associations were noted for rs12722 or rs10628678 when the combined SA + AUS cohort was analysed. However, the C‐deletion (rs12722‐rs10628678) inferred haplotype was under‐represented (p = 0.040, OR = 0.15, CI = 0.04‐0.56), while the T‐deletion inferred haplotype was over‐represented in the female SA + AUS ACL participants versus controls (p < 0.001, OR = 4.74, CI = 1.66‐13.55). Additionally, the rs12722 C/C genotype was under‐represented in JPN CON vs ACL (p = 0.039, OR = 0.52, 0.27‐1.00), while the rs10628678 −/− genotype was associated with increased risk of any ligament injuries (p = 0.035, OR = 1.31, CI = 1.02‐1.68) in the JPN cohort. Collectively, these results highlight that a region within the COL5A1 3’‐UTR is associated with ligament injury risk. This must be evaluated in larger cohorts and its functional relevance to the structure and capacity of ligaments and joint biomechanics be explored.

Highlights

The COL5A1 T‐deletion inferred haplotype (rs12722‐rs10628678) was associated with an increased risk of ACL rupture in the combined SA and AUS female participants.

The COL5A1 C‐deletion inferred haplotype (rs12722‐rs10628678) was associated with a decreased risk of ACL rupture in the combined SA and AUS female participants.

The COL5A1 rs12722 C/C and rs10628678 −/− genotypes were associated with increased risk of ACL rupture and of ligament injuries in JPN, respectively.

A region within the COL5A1 3’‐UTR is associated with risk of ligament injury, including ACL rupture, and therefore the functional significance of this region on ligament capacity and joint biomechanics requires further exploration.
WEE1 inhibition induces anti-tumor immunity by activating ERV and the dsRNA pathway
Authors: Guo Ensong , Xiao Rourou , Wu Yifan , Lu Funian , Liu Chen , Yang Bin , Li Xi , Fu Yu , Wang Zizhuo , Li Yuan , Huang Yuhan , Li Fuxia , Wu Xue , You Lixin , Qin Tianyu , Lu Yiling , Huang Xiaoyuan , Ma Ding , Mills Gordon B. , Sun Chaoyang , Chen Gang
Published: November 2021

Targeted therapies represent attractive combination partners with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) to increase the population of patients who benefit or to interdict the emergence of resistance. We demonstrate that targeting WEE1 up-regulates immune signaling through the double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) viral defense pathway with subsequent responsiveness to immune checkpoint blockade even in cGAS/STING-deficient tumors, which is a typical phenotype across multiple cancer types. WEE1 inhibition increases endogenous retroviral elements (ERVs) expression by relieving SETDB1/H3K9me3 repression through down-regulating FOXM1. ERVs trigger dsRNA stress and interferon response, increasing recruitment of anti-tumor T cells with concurrent PD-L1 elevation in multiple tumor models. Furthermore, combining WEE1 inhibition and PD-L1 blockade induced striking tumor regression in a CD8+ T cell–dependent manner. A WEE1 inhibition–induced viral defense signature provides a potentially informative biomarker for patient selection for combination therapy with WEE1 and ICB. WEE1 inhibition stimulates anti-tumor immunity and enhances sensitivity to ICB, providing a rationale for the combination of WEE1 inhibitors and ICB in clinical trials.