bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prediction of residual clamping force for Coulomb type and Johnsen–Rahbek type of bipolar electrostatic chucks
Authors: Wang Kesheng , Lu Yijia , Cheng Jia , Ji Linhong
Published: February 2018

As a key component in semiconductor manufacturing equipment, electrostatic chuck is conventionally divided into Coulomb type and J–R type depending on the generating mechanism of clamping force. After supply voltage is cut off, residual clamping force usually remains and becomes a serious issue for production efficiency and process reliability. Hence, it is significant to propose a general prediction model and reveal changing laws of residual force with time for both types. This paper establishes an equivalent circuit model for a bipolar electrostatic chuck containing distributed embosses on dielectric layer surface, and deduces a unified form of mathematical expression describing decaying force, which can cover the two types. The obtained equations can also predict steady force in working state. Furthermore, an experimental method for measuring clamping force and de-clamping time is presented. The results indicate relative deviations tend to decrease as voltages rise. It is found that prediction precision for J–R type is lower than that for Coulomb type. Main reasons are explained and relevant mechanisms are discussed. Overall, the calculations coincide with the measurements within an acceptable error range. The comparisons suggest the theoretical model is effective for simulating the characteristics of residual clamping force for both types of electrostatic chucks.
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in an HIV-positive patient with concomitant disseminated histoplasmosis
Authors: Loganantharaj Nisha , Oliver Brianna , Smith Taylor , Jetly Rachna , Engel Lee , Sanne Shane
Published: February 2018

A 46-year-old Dominican man, known to have HIV, presented with constitutional symptoms of two week's duration. The patient was found to have cytopenias, significantly elevated ferritin level and lymphadenopathy. Biopsies and laboratory studies met the criteria for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). A concomitant diagnosis of histoplasmosis was confirmed as the trigger for HLH and treatment resulted in clinical improvement and resolution of symptoms.
Capability Building in a Government Regulatory Firm (A)
Authors: Aggarwal-Gupta Meenakshi , Karve Shailaja
Published: February 2018

Western State Electricity Regulatory Commission (WSERC) was a Government Regulatory Firm in India and worked in the areas of electricity and power. Its scope of work had significantly expanded after a decade of existence and the organization needed to keep pace with the changing requirements. There was a need for agile functioning in a market driven power economy in the areas of power generation, transmission and distribution. The firm needed to transition from being a regulator to being a change agent to support the reforms in the power sector.

The firm was operating with a skeletal support staff and key areas of expertise had been outsourced. The case presents the challenges of operating with an outsourced model and the need to move towards self–sufficiency. The firm wanted to now rely on internal expertise instead of depending on external consultants. The change of hiring practice would also need to be supplemented by change in the style of functioning. The case ends with the chairman pondering on how best to enable this change.
The Promise and Possibilities of Community Conversations: Expanding Opportunities for People With Disabilities
Authors: Carter Erik W. , Bumble Jennifer L.
Published: February 2018

The persistence of disappointing employment, educational, and community outcomes for youth and adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) demands new and effective pathways for changing the post–high school landscape. This article presents “community conversations” as a promising approach for identifying community assets and opportunities, as well as spurring systemic change at the level of local communities. We describe this approach and its core components, review empirical studies of community conversations, and highlight the promise of this approach for informing policy and practice. We then provide an overview of this special issue and describe the policy and practice contexts within which included studies were carried out.
A novel scissor-type magnetorheological seat suspension system with self-sustainability
Authors: Yu Jianqiang , Dong Xiaomin , Zhang Zonglun , Chen Pinggen
Published: February 2018

A novel scissor-type magnetorheological seat suspension with self-sustainability which integrated self-powered, self-sensing, and self-adaptability is proposed in this study. The adaptive rotary damping system consisted of the rotary magnetorheological damper, and rotary permanent magnet direct current generator is designed to realize the self-sustainability. Effects of damping force and isolation object mass are analyzed for further designing and testing based on the dynamic model. The rotary magnetorheological damper and the electrical part are designed and analyzed theoretically. Series of experimental tests are conducted to verify the feasibility and control performances. The experimental results show that the on–off balance control algorithm based on the self-sensing signals can improve the comfort than the directly and supply-with-rectifier control modes.
Structural health monitoring of rotary aerospace structures based on electromechanical impedance of integrated piezoelectric transducers
Authors: Hoshyarmanesh Hamidreza , Abbasi Ali
Published: February 2018

Structural health monitoring of rotary aerospace structures is investigated in this research. A monitoring system is proposed based on the electromechanical impedance spectrum of piezoelectric transducers and a portable transceiver. To investigate the applicability and preliminary results of this method, a turbomachine prototype (laboratory device) is developed, and integrated composite piezoelectric films are deposited on the blades. Next, a self-diagnostic characterization is initially implemented to the piezo-films. Transceiver functionality and accuracy is verified using an Ivium impedance analyzer. The verified measuring path was used in structural health monitoring of pristine and damaged blades at rotational speed of 0 and 1000 r/min. The effects of damage formation and rotational speed on the impedance signature are discussed based on the variations in mechanical impedance using a two-dimensional model. Once damage occurs in a blade at each speed, it results in a frequency shift of the impedance signature at antiresonance peaks compared to the corresponding baseline. The results show a clear frequency shift of existing peaks and the appearance of new peaks as damage grows to a secure minimal detectable size. This achievement confirms the applicability of this method for incipient damage detection on rotary structures prior to any failure.
An Empowerment Narrative Leadership Program for a Disadvantaged Community
Authors: Ubbink Marie J. , Strydom Herman
Published: February 2018

Purpose:

This research is providing social workers with a deeper insight into the process of empowering people from disadvantaged communities with leadership abilities by applying a narrative approach in group work and to develop members’ individual potential within their social construction of leaders and leadership.

Method:

This research was undertaken following the developmental and utilization model of Grinnell with a combined qualitative and quantitative research approach. The research was performed from a postmodern and social constructivist paradigm and therefore relied more on the qualitative research perspective.

Results:

The research includes guidelines for a group work narrative leadership program. The impact of the social constructionist approach on the group members re-authors their narratives.

Conclusions:

Group work by means of the narrative approach in social work is recommended because it has become evident from this study that a richer description of the lives of people can be gained.
What Matters to Patients With Cleft Lip and/or Palate
Authors: Wong Riff Karen W. Y. , Tsangaris Elena , Goodacre Timothy E. E. , Forrest Christopher R. , Lawson Jessica , Pusic Andrea L. , Klassen Anne F.
Published: February 2018

Objective:

The goal of treatment for individuals with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) is to improve physical, psychological, and social health. Outcomes of treatment are rarely measured from the patient’s perspective. The aim of the study was to develop a conceptual framework for a patient-reported outcome (PRO) instrument for individuals with clefts (CLEFT-Q) by developing an in-depth understanding of issues that individuals consider to be important.

Design:

The qualitative methodology of interpretive description was used. Setting, Participants, and Intervention: We performed 136 individual in-depth interviews with participants with clefts of any age, presenting for cleft care, across 6 countries. Parents were involved if the child was more comfortable. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and coded using constant comparison. The data were used to develop a refined conceptual framework.

Results:

Participants described concepts of interest in 3 top-level domains, each of which included subdomains: appearance (face, nose, nostrils, teeth, lips, jaw, cleft lip scar), health-related quality of life (psychological, social, school, speech-related distress), and facial function (speech, eating/drinking). Participants were able to describe changes over time with regard to the 3 domains.

Conclusions:

A conceptual framework of concepts of interest to individuals with CL/P formed the basis of the scales in the CLEFT-Q. Each subdomain represents an independently functioning scale. Understanding what matters to patients is essential in guiding PRO measurement.
Computer Simulation and Optimization of Cranial Vault Distraction
Authors: Foley Michael J. , Cottler Patrick S. , Blemker Silvia S. , Denny Arlen D. , Black Jonathan S.
Published: February 2018

Objective:

The objective of this study was to validate the proof of concept of a computer-simulated cranial distraction, demonstrating accurate shape and end volume.

Design:

Detailed modeling was performed on pre- and postoperative computed tomographic (CT) scans to generate accurate measurements of intracranial volume. Additionally, digital distraction simulations were performed on the preoperative scan and the resultant intracranial volume and shape were evaluated.

Setting:

Tertiary Children’s Hospital.

Patients, Participants:

Preoperative and postoperative CT images were used from 10 patients having undergone cranial distraction for cephalocranial disproportion.

Interventions:

None; computer simulation.

Main Outcome Measure:

Computer simulation feasibility of cranial vault distraction was demonstrated through creation of digital osteotomies, simulating distraction through translating skull segments, followed by simulated consolidation. Accuracy of the model was evaluated through comparing the intracranial volumes of actual and simulated distracted skulls.

Results:

The developed digital distraction simulation was performed on the CT images of 10 patients. Plotting the relationship between the actual and simulated postdistraction volumes for the 10 patients yielded a slope of 1.0 and a correlation coefficient of 0.99. The average actual resultant volume change from distraction was 77.0 mL, compared to a simulated volume change of 76.9 mL.

Conclusions:

Digital simulation of cranial distraction was demonstrated through manipulation of the CT images and confirmed by comparing the actual to simulated volume change. This process may provide objective data in designing an individual distraction plan to optimize volume expansion and resultant cranial shape as well as patient education.
Molecular Analysis of Gli3, Ihh, Rab23, and Jag1 in a Rabbit Model of Craniosynostosis
Authors: Gilbert James R. , Taylor Gwen M. , Losee Joseph E. , Mooney Mark P. , Cooper Gregory M.
Published: February 2018

Objective:

Craniosynostosis (CS) involves the premature fusion of one or more cranial sutures. The etiology of CS is complex and mutations in more than 50 distinct genes have been causally linked to the disorder. Many of the genes that have been associated with CS in humans play an essential role in tissue patterning and early craniofacial development. Among these genes are members of the Hedgehog (HH) and Notch signal transduction pathways, including the GLI family member Gli3, Indian Hedgehog ( Ihh), the RAS oncogene family member Rab23, and the Notch ligand JAGGED1 ( Jag1). We have previously described a colony of rabbits with a heritable pattern of coronal suture synostosis, although the genetic basis for synostosis within this model remains unknown. The present study was performed to determine if coding errors in Gli3, Ihh, Rab23, or Jag1 could be causally linked to craniosynostosis in this unique animal model.

Design:

Sequencing of cDNA templates was performed using samples obtained from wild-type and craniosynostotic rabbits.

Results:

Several nucleotide polymorphisms were identified in Gli3, Ihh, and Rab23, although these variants failed to segregate by phenotype. No nucleotide polymorphisms were identified in Jag1.

Conclusions:

These data indicate that the causal locus for heritable craniosynostosis in this rabbit model is not located within the protein coding regions of Gli3, Ihh, Rab23, or Jag1.
Observation of Cleft Palate in an Individual with SOX11 Mutation
Authors: Khan Umair , Study DDD , Baker Eleanor , Clayton-Smith Jill
Published: February 2018

Objective:

Point mutations and deletions within the SOX11 gene have recently been described in individuals with a rare variant of Coffin-Siris syndrome, OMIM 615866, an intellectual disability syndrome with associated features of nail hypoplasia, microcephaly, and characteristic facial features including a wide mouth and prominent lips.

Participant:

We describe a further patient with a mutation in SOX11 and phenotype resembling mild Coffin-Siris syndrome.

Results:

This boy had a cleft palate, a feature not previously seen in other patients with SOX11 mutations.

Conclusion:

We discuss This adds to the current evidence that SOX11 is a gene involved in palatogenesis.
How Close to the “Honeypot?”
Authors: Belackova Vendula , Brandnerova Michaela , Vechet David
Published: February 2018

Background:

This study aimed to assess how cannabis markets compare in two states with different cannabis policies. The possession of cannabis is decriminalized in both the Czech Republic (de facto) and in New South Wales (NSW; de jure), but personal cannabis cultivation has been tolerated/decriminalized only in the Czech Republic.

Methods:

Semistructured interviews were conducted in the Czech Republic ( n = 25) and in NSW, Australia ( n = 25) between 2009 and 2014 and analyzed with thematic and qualitative content analysis.

Findings:

The Czech respondents often grew their own cannabis or got it directly from somebody who grew it. Cannabis users in both places preferred quality cannabis which was free of chemicals, but the Australian respondents seemed more likely to get cannabis that varied in quality and was potentially produced under large-scale, unsafe conditions. Triangulation with other data sources suggests that these findings could apply more broadly.

Conclusions:

The findings of this study indicate that policy can encourage the proliferation of small-scale cannabis cultivation, leading to lower health and social risks. Policy approaches that tolerate such cultivation should be considered as an alternative or as a complement to the existing or proposed cannabis policies.
Development of the Life Project Reflexivity Scale: A New Career Intervention Inventory
Authors: Di Fabio Annamaria , Maree Jacobus Gideon , Kenny Maureen E.
Published: February 2018

This article describes the Life Project Reflexivity Scale ( LPRS), a questionnaire constructed for use with Italian students to assess the development of reflexivity, which is increasingly vital for personal and professional progress and well-being. The instrument was administered to 502 Italian university students. A three-dimensional version of the scale was identified through exploratory factor analysis and supported by confirmatory factor analysis. Inter-item factor and scale correlations and reliability coefficients were calculated. We concluded that evidence supports the reliability and validity of the LPRS as a useful instrument for measuring life project reflexivity (people’s reflexivity regarding their future career–life–personal projects) in the Italian context. In addition to sound psychometric properties, the LPRS takes little time to administer and can be completed in large group settings with relative ease. More research is needed to more fully assess its validity and its potential for use in other countries.
Neighborhood Context and Homicide Clearance: Estimating the Effects of Collective Efficacy
Authors: Mancik Ashley M. , Parker Karen F. , Williams Kirk R.
Published: February 2018

Only a handful of macro-level studies of homicide clearance exist, and the impact of community characteristics is mixed. In addition, community members are critical to clearances, but the willingness of residents to unite for the collective goal of aiding in investigations (via collective efficacy) remains to be tested. Combining data from the Chicago Police Department, Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN), and U.S. Census, we estimate the effect of collective efficacy on homicide clearances in Chicago neighborhoods, while taking into account neighborhood characteristics and case composition. Results indicate that economic disadvantage, residential stability, and victimization significantly decrease homicides clearances, while collective efficacy increases clearances.
Free and forced vibration analysis of T-shaped plates with general elastic boundary supports
Authors: Shi Xianjie , Shi Dongyan
Published: February 2018

This investigation proposes a series solution method for free and forced vibration analysis of T-shaped plate structure with general elastic supports, arbitrary coupling angles and elastically coupled conditions. The present solution framework can be readily utilized for various boundary or coupling conditions without modifying the solution algorithms or procedures. The general boundary and coupling conditions are considered with artificial spring method and can be easily achieved with assigning the restraining springs with specified values. In the current approach, the displacement functions for in-plane and bending vibration are expressed as a new form of trigonometric series expansion. The sine terms are introduced to eliminate the discontinuity along the boundary edge or coupling edge. Rayleigh–Ritz method is employed to determine the series expansion coefficients, which are treated as the generalized coordinates. Numerous numerical examples are carried out to verify the accuracy and reliability of the present method. The present method can be directly extended to more complicated structures with any number of plates.
Optimisation of a PID controller for a two-floor structure under earthquake excitation based on the bees algorithm
Authors: Arif Şen Muhammed , Tinkir Mustafa , Kalyoncu Mete
Published: February 2018

The control of vibration and displacement in structures under seismic excitation is very challenging, and designing a structural control system against disturbances has drawn great attention. This paper concentrates on implementing the bees algorithm to tune gains of traditional PID controller for active vibration control of a building-like structure with two floors under Northridge Earthquake excitation. Bees algorithm is a diverse method to ensure an efficient solution for optimisation of a controller according to customary trial-error design methods. The main aim of this study is optimisation of KP, KI and KD gains with bees algorithm in order to obtain a more effective PID controller to suppress vibrations of the floors during the earthquake excitation. After definition of the system and bees algorithm, PID controller offline tuned with bees algorithm using mathematical model of system. Moreover, the aim is to compare the performances of the BA with an existing optimisation method, genetic algorithm (GA), implemented on the system. The paper presents the experimental results that were obtained from the structure system to show the efficiency of the tuned PID controller. As a result, the performance and effectiveness of the tuned PID controller are investigated and verified experimentally. The displacements and accelerations of the floors and the cart are decreased considerably. The experimental responses of the system are given in graphical form.
Musical pathfinders of the kindergarten
Authors: Knudsen Jan Sverre , Aglen Gry Sagmo , Danbolt Ingrid , Engesnes Nina
Published: February 2018

Based on an empirical study in selected Norwegian kindergartens, this article investigates the practice of musically active employees, with or without professional training. The overarching aim is to develop an understanding of early childhood music practitioners that may challenge dominant views of professional identity and provide some new images of what it means to work musically in a kindergarten. Departing from a sociological approach, five different ‘musical pathfinders’ are identified: the disc jockey, the facilitator, the choir leader, the caregiver and the performer. These ‘ideal types’ are discussed in the light of issues concerning cultural diversity, negotiations of professionalism, repertoire selection, the use of music technology, children’s participation, and the relationship between formal and informal learning. The discussion raises critical questions concerning music activity in early childhood institutions, highlighting professionals’ personal cultural experiences, preferences and practices as legitimate points of reference in the development of professional identity.
The journalist’s new job: Digital technologies and the reader-less quality of contemporary news production
Authors: Chua Emily Hui Ching
Published: February 2018

This ethnography of digital news-making at a newspaper in Beijing, China, develops the argument that contemporary journalists’ prevalent use of digital information technologies is contributing to the rise of a ‘reader-less’ orientation within the profession. That is, a situation in which journalists increasingly feel that they can no longer afford to be guided by a commitment to meeting the informational interests of an imagined community of readers, but must instead work to advance the representational interests and agendas of various government and corporate organizations. By showing how digital news-making arrangements put pressure on journalists to construct their profession in this manner, and discipline themselves into accepting the reduced forms of socio-political agency that such constructions entail, the essay engages with broader concerns about the media’s changing logics and functions, and suggests that ‘reader-less’ orientations may be an emergent feature of contemporary media production that future ethnographies can fruitfully attend to.
An Empirical Investigation of the Employee Work Passion Appraisal Model Using Self-Determination Theory
Authors: Thibault-Landry Anaïs , Egan Richard , Crevier-Braud Laurence , Manganelli Lara , Forest Jacques
Published: February 2018

The Problem

Employee work passion theory offers an appraisal-based approach that explains how work passion is formulated in individuals. Self-determination theory postulates that the satisfaction of three basic psychological human needs (competence, relatedness, and autonomy) is essential for individuals to flourish and thrive at work. The role of basic psychological need satisfaction in the employee work passion appraisal process is yet to be examined.

The Solution

We investigated the relations between employees’ cognitive appraisals of their work environment characteristics (work cognitions), their basic psychological need satisfaction, and their work intentions. Our study provided empirical evidence showing that employees’ cognitive appraisals of work characteristics such as job autonomy, task variety, meaningful work, and performance expectations were positively related to basic psychological need satisfaction, which, in turn, positively impacted their work intentions, thus indicating the subjective experience of work passion.

The Stakeholders

Results suggest that organizational leaders, supervisors, and human resource development (HRD) practitioners could develop interventions that promote specific workplace characteristics and are aimed at contributing to the fulfillment of employees’ basic psychological needs. In so doing, employees and stakeholders could benefit from the individual and organizational outcomes that flow from employees experiencing greater work passion.
Toward a New Curriculum of Leadership Competencies: Advances in Motivation Science Call for Rethinking Leadership Development
Authors: Fowler Susan
Published: February 2018

The Problem

Leadership competencies are designed to equip leaders with the knowledge, skills, abilities, and other characteristics, required to effectively lead people toward the achievement of organizational goals. However, advances in motivation science, specifically the development of self-determination theory, suggest that many current leadership competency models contain outdated approaches to motivation that undermine their intended purpose of leadership effectiveness.

The Solution

New motivation leadership competencies grounded in self-determination theory are recommended to promote leadership behaviors that support people’s psychological needs. These foundational competencies take advantage of compelling motivation research to provide a filtering mechanism for culling outdated competencies proven to undermine effective performance, but also provide the basis for congruent leadership skills that promote flourishing in the workplace.

The Stakeholders

Human resource development (HRD) practitioners will benefit from the rationale and recommendations for introducing a new set of competencies based on self-determination theory into their leadership development efforts. While executives or leaders in the team and organizational contexts will appreciate the consideration of expanding or rethinking their own leader behaviors, the new competencies are most relevant for leaders of individual contributors in the one-to-one context.
Blunt Injury of the Innominate Artery: What Surprises to Expect? A Case Report
Authors: Dias-Neto Marina , Ramos José F. , Teixeira José F.
Published: February 2018

Injuries of the supra-aortic trunk after blunt chest trauma are rare. This is a case report of a blunt traumatic lesion of the innominate artery (IA) origin that exhibited aortic arch involvement with a focus on imaging and treatment. A 41-year-old fisherman presented an IA injury secondary to a high-impact blunt chest trauma. Upon physical examination, vital signs were stable and upper extremity pulses were present. In addition to several bone fractures (costal ribs, clavicle, scapula, temporal, maxillary, and sphenoid), computed tomography angiography revealed dissection/pseudoaneurysm of the IA sparing the bifurcation. The patient underwent emergent angiography, which confirmed that the IA dissection was not ruptured, but it was unclear whether there was a pseudoaneurysm at the origin of the IA or aortic arch involvement. The patient was considered for open surgery. An ascending aorta-to-IA bypass was achieved by the off-pump beating heart approach. The IA stump was carefully observed, but oversewing was not possible due to the extension of the intimal-medial lesions into the artic arch. An on-pump intervention was then required for aortic angioplasty with a pericardial patch that was reinforced by Gel Seal. The postoperative course was uneventful. The patient was discharged without any complications. Conventional surgery provides good results and should remain in the armamentarium for the treatment of traumatic lesions at the IA origin, particularly if aortic arch involvement cannot be ruled out, to ensure a truly patient-tailored approach.
An application of the brain limbic system–based control to the electromechanical brake system
Authors: Kim Changwon , Kim Yeesock , Kwon Ohwon , Seo Joonho , Lee Dongkyu , Yi Hak
Published: February 2018

Recently, many mechanical components of vehicles are being replaced by electrical or electromechanical parts. This change leads to the reduced weight, higher fuel efficiency, and simpler diagnosis. In particular, a reliable and robust electromechanical brake control system has been focused. So, this article investigates that an application of brain limbic system–based control, a bio-inspired control strategy, to an electromechanical brake system is suitable for dynamic and uncertain driving conditions. To do this end, control parameters are optimized through genetic algorithm. Results show the effectiveness of the suggested control method in terms of control speed, reference tracking, and robustness to the disturbance.
Human experience–inspired path planning for robots
Authors: Gong Wenyong , Xie Xiaohua , Liu Yong-Jin
Published: February 2018

In this article, we present a human experience–inspired path planning algorithm for service robots. In addition to considering the path distance and smoothness, we emphasize the safety of robot navigation. Specifically, we build a speed field in accordance with several human driving experiences, like slowing down or detouring at a narrow aisle, and keeping a safe distance to the obstacles. Based on this speed field, the path curvatures, path distance, and steering speed are all integrated to form an energy function, which can be efficiently solved by the A* algorithm to seek the optimal path by resorting to an admissible heuristic function estimated from the energy function. Moreover, a simple yet effective fast path smoothing algorithm is proposed so as to ease the robots steering. Several examples are presented, demonstrating the effectiveness of our human experience–inspired path planning method.
Cargo blocking failure analysis, simulation, and safety control of transport aircraft with continuous heavy airdrop
Authors: Chen Jie , Ma Cunbao , Song Dong
Published: February 2018

This article investigates the cargo’s blocking failure analysis, simulation, and safety control of transport aircraft with continuous heavy airdrop. As the cargos move backward and drop out, the continuous variation of center of gravity for the whole system will deteriorate flight quality dramatically. Furthermore, due to various mechanical reasons, if the cargo is blocked on the delivery channel and the airdrop process is suspended suddenly at this time, the flight safety may be threatened. In view of this, the blocking failure is analyzed based on the aircraft model in this article and then the simulation is completed to show the failure’s impact on aircraft’s flight quality. Next, based on the uncertainty analysis and introduction of interval robust control theory, the safety controller is designed to stable the closed-loop system. The final simulation shows the proposed safety control strategy’s effectiveness.
Toward optimal mapping of human dual-arm motion to humanoid motion for tasks involving contact with the environment
Authors: Tomić Marija , Jovanović Kosta , Chevallereau Christine , Potkonjak Veljko , Rodić Aleksandar
Published: February 2018

In this article, we explore human motion skills in the dual-arm manipulation tasks that include contact with equipment with the final aim to generate human-like humanoid motion. Human motion is analyzed using the optimization approaches starting with the assumption that human motion is optimal. A combination of commonly used optimization criteria in the joint space with the weight coefficients is considered: minimization of kinetic energy, minimization of joint velocities, minimization of the distance between the current and ergonomic positions, and maximization of manipulability. The contribution of each criterion for seven different dual-arm manipulation tasks to provide the most accurate imitation of the human motion is given via suggested inverse optimization approach calculating values of weight coefficients. The effects on actors’ body characteristics and the characteristics of the environment (involved equipment) on the choice of criterion functions are additionally analyzed. The optimal combination of weight coefficients calculated by the inverse optimization approach is used in our inverse kinematics algorithm to transfer human motion skills to the motion of the humanoid robots. The results show that the optimal combination of weight coefficients is able to generate human-like humanoid motions rather than individual one of the considered criterion functions. The recorded human motion and the motion of the humanoid robot ROMEO, obtained with the strategy used by human and defined by our inverse optimal control approach, for the tasks “opening/closing a drawer” are assessed visually and quantitatively.
The iterative search approach DOA estimation of monostatic L-shaped array MIMO radar
Authors: Jishi Guan , Yaowu Shi , Lifei Deng , Lanxiang Zhu , Hongwei Shi
Published: February 2018

In the DOA estimation of monostatic L-shaped array MIMO radar, Multiple Signal Classification algorithm is efficient. But the peak searching process of Multiple Signal Classification algorithm needs large amount of spectrum calculation. Focusing on the spectrum peak searching process of Multiple Signal Classification, an iterative search approach to reduce the calculation amount is proposed. The first- and second-order derivatives of Multiple Signal Classification spectrum functions are achieved and the calculation amount is analyzed. Two-dimensional Newton iteration methods are applied with multisearching threads and derivation information. The searching approach can greatly reduce the computational complexity of Multiple Signal Classification spectrum peak searching. The total calculation amount of the first and second derivatives is about 15 times of the spectrum function. However, in the two-dimensional searching, especially in the high accuracy processes, the amount of searched points can be reduced by ten hundreds times, and the computation is much lower than the common spectrum peak searching method. The simulation results show that when the search thread number reaches 100, the searching process can effectively achieve the entire spectrum peak and get the correct DOA estimation.
Influence of Meniscal and Chondral Lesions on Patient-Reported Outcomes After Primary Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction at 2-Year Follow-up
Authors: Cinque Mark E. , Chahla Jorge , Mitchell Justin J. , Moatshe Gilbert , Pogorzelski Jonas , Murphy Colin P. , Kennedy Nicholas I. , Godin Jonathan A. , LaPrade Robert F.
Published: February 2018

Background:

Meniscal and chondral lesions are commonly associated with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears, and these lesions may play a role in patient outcomes after ACL reconstruction.

Purpose:

To determine the effects of the presence and location of meniscal and chondral lesions at the time of ACL reconstruction on patient-reported outcomes at a minimum 2-year follow-up.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Patients with no prior knee surgery who underwent primary ACL reconstruction by a single surgeon between 2010 and 2014 were included in this study. Those meeting inclusion criteria were divided into the following groups based on the arthroscopic diagnosis: patients without concomitant meniscal or chondral lesions, patients with isolated meniscal lesions, patients with isolated chondral lesions, and patients with both chondral and meniscal lesions. Patient-reported outcomes (Short Form–12 [SF-12] physical component summary [PCS] and mental component summary [MCS], Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index [WOMAC], and Lysholm scale) were assessed at a minimum of 2 years from the index surgery.

Results:

A total of 151 patients met the inclusion criteria and were included in the study. The mean age at the time of surgery was 36.2 years (range, 14-73 years), and the mean follow-up was 3.2 years (range, 2.0-5.6 years). At the time of surgery, 33 (22%) patients had no concomitant lesions and served as the control group, 63 (42%) patients had isolated meniscal lesions, 21 (14%) patients had isolated chondral lesions, and 34 (22%) patients had both chondral and meniscal lesions. There was significant improvement in all outcome scores postoperatively for the 3 groups ( P < .05 for all outcome scores). The presence of a meniscal tear and laterality of the meniscal lesion did not have a negative effect on any postoperative outcome scores. Patients with isolated chondral lesions had significantly lower postoperative WOMAC scores compared with patients without chondral lesions ( P < .05). No significant differences were found for all other scores. Patients with patellofemoral chondral lesions had significantly lower postoperative SF-12 PCS and Lysholm scores than patients with tibiofemoral chondral lesions ( P < .05).

Conclusion:

Patients with ACL tears achieved improved functional scores at a mean 3.2 years after ACL reconstruction. While meniscal lesions did not affect postoperative outcomes in the short term, chondral lesions were identified as a predictor for worse outcomes.
Repetitive Questioning II
Authors: Hamdy R. C. , Kinser A. , Depelteau A. , Lewis J. V. , Copeland R. , Kendall-Wilson T. , Whalen K.
Published: February 2018

Repetitive questioning is a major problem for caregivers, particularly taxing if they are unable to recognize and understand the reasons why their loved one keeps asking the same question over and over again. Caregivers may be tempted to believe that the patient does not even try to remember the answer given or is just getting obnoxious. This is incorrect. Repetitive questioning is due to the underlying disease: The patient’s short term memory is impaired and he is unable to register, encode, retain and retrieve the answer. If he is concerned about a particular topic, he will keep asking the same question over and over again. To the patient each time she asks the question, it is as if she asked it for the first time. Just answering repetitive questioning by providing repeatedly the same answer is not sufficient. Caregivers should try to identify the underlying cause for this repetitive questioning. In an earlier case study, the patient was concerned about her and her family’s safety and kept asking whether the doors are locked. In this present case study, the patient does not know how to handle the awkward situation he finds himself in. He just does not know what to do. He is not able to adjust to the new unexpected situation. So he repeatedly wants to reassure himself that he is not intruding by asking the same question over and over again. We discuss how the patient’s son-in-law could have avoided this situation and averted the catastrophic ending.
Sociodemographic Factors and Health-Related Characteristics That Influence the Quality of Life of Grandparent Caregivers in Zimbabwe
Authors: Mhaka-Mutepfa Magen
Published: February 2018

Very few studies have examined quality of life (QOL) in elderly carers of orphaned children in African settings. This study explored sociodemographic factors and health-related characteristics that influence QOL of grandparent carers in Zimbabwe. A cross-sectional study stratified by district was done to collect information on socioeconomic factors, health-related characteristics, and QOL of grandparent carers ( N = 327; age: M = 62.4, SD = 11.2). Data were collected on socioeconomic factors, self-perceived health, health care access, chronic disease condition, health insurance status, types of health care services, and medications taken using the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF). Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to investigate the associations between QOL and the predictor variables. Caregivers’ level of education (odds ratio [OR] = 3.0; confidence interval [95% CI] = [1.0, 27]), fostering orphans only (OR = 0.4; 95% CI = [0.2, 0.7]), self-perceived health (OR = 10.2; 95% CI = [4.5, 25]), medical insurance (OR = 9.8; 95% CI = [1.9, 54]), and satisfaction with health care services (OR = 2.2; 95% CI = [1.2, 4.4]) were associated with QOL, after adjusting for all influencing factors. The results confirm that QOL is compromised by specific demographic and self-rated health characteristics. Thus, eradicating poverty and providing services and changing caregiver’s perceptions about self-rated health may enhance QOL among grandparent caregivers.
Memory, learning and language in autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Boucher Jill , Anns Sophie
Published: February 2018

Background and aims

The ‘dual-systems’ model of language acquisition has been used by Ullman et al. to explain patterns of strength and weakness in the language of higher-functioning people with autism spectrum disorder. Specifically, intact declarative/explicit learning is argued to compensate for a deficit in non-declarative/implicit procedural learning, constituting an example of the so-called see-saw effect. Ullman and Pullman extended their argument concerning a see-saw effect on language in autism spectrum disorder to cover other perceived anomalies of behaviour, including impaired acquisition of social skills. The aim of this paper is to present a critique of Ullman et al.’s claims and to propose an alternative model of links between memory systems and language in autism spectrum disorder.

Main contribution

We argue that a four-system model of learning, in which intact semantic and procedural memory are used to compensate for weaknesses in episodic memory and perceptual learning, can better explain patterns of language ability across the autistic spectrum. We also argue that attempts to generalise the ‘impaired implicit learning/spared declarative learning’ theory to other behaviours in autism spectrum disorder are unsustainable.

Conclusions

Clinically significant language impairments in autism spectrum disorder are under-researched, despite their impact on everyday functioning and quality of life. The relative paucity of research findings in this area lays it open to speculative interpretation which may be misleading.

Implications

More research is needed into links between memory/learning systems and language impairments across the spectrum. Improved understanding should inform therapeutic intervention and contribute to investigation of the causes of language impairment in autism spectrum disorder with potential implications for prevention.
Assessment of clinical effect and treatment quality of immediate-release carvedilol-IR versus SLOW release carvedilol-SR in Heart Failure patients (SLOW-HF): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Choi Dong-Ju , Park Chan Soon , Park Jin Joo , Lee Hae-Young , Kang Seok-Min , Yoo Byung-Su , Jeon Eun-Seok , Hong Seok Keun , Shin Joon-Han , Kim Myung-A , Park Dae-Gyun , Kim Eung-Ju , Hong Soon-Jun , Kim Seok Yeon , Kim Jae-Joong
Published: February 2018

Background

Carvedilol is a non-selective, third-generation beta-blocker and is one of the cornerstones for treatment for patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). However, due to its short half-life, immediate-release carvedilol (IR) needs to be prescribed twice a day. Recently, slow-release carvedilol (SR) has been developed. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether carvedilol-SR is non-inferior to standard carvedilol-IR in terms of its clinical efficacy in patients with HFrEF.

Methods/design

Patients with stable HFrEF will be randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to the carvedilol-SR group (160 patients) and the carvedilol-IR group (160 patients). Patients aged ≥ 20 years, with a left ventricular ejection fraction ≤ 40%, N-terminal pro B-natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) ≥ 125 pg/ml or BNP ≥ 35 pg/ml, who are clinically stable and have no evidence of congestion or volume retention, will be eligible. After randomization, patients will be followed up for 6 months. The primary endpoint is the change in NT-proBNP level from baseline to the study end. The secondary endpoints include the proportion of patients with NT-proBNP increment > 10% from baseline, composite of all-cause mortality and readmission, mortality rate, readmission rate, changes in blood pressure, quality of life, and drug compliance.

Discussions

The SLOW-HF trial is a prospective, randomized, open-label, phase-IV, multicenter study to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of carvedilol-SR compared to carvedilol-IR in HFrEF patients. If carvedilol-SR proves to be non-inferior to carvedilol-IR, a once-daily prescription of carvedilol may be recommended for patients with HFrEF.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT03209180. Registered on 6 July 2017.
Molecular characteristics and successful management of a respiratory syncytial virus outbreak among pediatric patients with hemato-oncological disease
Authors: Baier Claas , Haid Sibylle , Beilken Andreas , Behnert Astrid , Wetzke Martin , Brown Richard J. P. , Schmitt Corinna , Ebadi Ella , Hansen Gesine , Schulz Thomas F. , Pietschmann Thomas , Bange Franz-Christoph
Published: February 2018

Background

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is responsible for upper and lower respiratory tract infection in adults and children. Especially immunocompromised patients are at high risk for a severe course of infection, and mortality is increased. Moreover RSV can spread in healthcare settings and can cause outbreaks. Herein we demonstrate the successful control and characteristics of a RSV outbreak that included 8 patients in our Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology.

Methods

We performed an epidemiologic investigation and a molecular analysis of the outbreak strains. Moreover we present the outbreak control bundle and our concept for RSV screening in the winter season.

Results

RSV A and B strains caused the outbreak. RSV B strains affected 3 patients, 2 of whom were co-infected with RSV A. Exactly this RSV A strain was detected in another 5 patients. Our multimodal infection control bundle including prophylactic RSV screening was able to rapidly stop the outbreak.

Conclusion

An infection control bundle in RSV outbreaks should address all potential transmission pathways. In pediatric settings the restriction of social activities might have a temporal negative impact on quality of life but helps to limit transmission opportunities. Molecular analysis allows better understanding of RSV outbreaks and, if done in a timely manner, might be helpful for guidance of infection control measures.