bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Novel Integrating Multimodel Sensor Data with Machine Learning for Stress Detection
Authors: J Vijaya , Singh Ashutosh , Singh Khushdeep , Kumar Amit
Published: August 2024

Stress is a common aspect of modern life that affects bothphysical and mental well-being. While too much stress can have negativeconsequences, manageable levels of stress can actually foster creativityand problem-solving skills. Therefore, it’s important to monitor and man-age stress in order to maintain good health, which highlights the needfor accessible mental health support programs. Wearable devices likesmartwatches offer promising solutions by measuring physiological indi-cators such as electrodermal activity (EDA) to assess stress levels. Thisstudy aimed to investigate using indicators from wearable devices wornon the wrist to predict stress levels. We analyzed data from the WESADdataset and used seven machine learning algorithms, including Logis-tic Regression (LR), Random Forest (RF), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN),and Decision Tree (DT). It is interesting to note that both Random For-est (RF) and Decision Tree (DT) algorithms achieved an accuracy rateof 99% for both sets of features - All Features and Extracted Features.
The Reliability and Applicability of the Physical and Mental Health Promotion Model for Adolescent in Different Social Contexts
Authors: Dong Ru-bao , Dou Kai-yun , HUANG Jia ben
Published: August 2024

To examine Physical and Mental Health Promotion Model for Adolescent in Different Social Contexts, 1073 sets of survey data per year were randomly selected from databases during the period of the normalization prevention and control, the outbreak of COVID-19, and the lifting of social controls for COVID-19. The average score of sleep duration(SD) for adolescents was 440.15, 430.14, and 441.80 minutes/day respectively (F = 9.62, p < 0.001), physical activity level(PAL) was 2.54, 2.35, and 2.46 respectively (F = 18.87, p < 0.001), general self-efficacy (GSE) was 2.65, 2.36, and 2.71 respectively (F = 74.53, p < 0.001), and mental health (MH) was 1.54, 1.86, and 1.57 respectively (F = 87.31, < 0.001); ANOVA results showed significant differences. There were significantly correlated with each other among average score of PAL, SD, GSE and MH. The total effects of the model were − .196, − .338, and − .221, respectively, all with P < 0.001; the direct effects were − .089, − .230, and − .117, respectively, all with P < 0.001; the total indirect effects were − .107, − .107, and − .104, respectively; with PAL→SD→MH was − .077, − .051, and − .063, and PAL→GSE→MH was − .031, − .057, and − .041, all with a significant meaning in the Bias-Corrected 95%CI test. However, during the COVID-19 outbreak, few fit indices of the model did not reach ideal values. SD and GSE play multiple mediating roles in Physical and Mental Health Promotion Model for Adolescent, which is effective. However, in critical social situations, more attention should be paid to the direct effect of PAL on MH.
Research and application of high gas coal seam air leakage control technology based on polymer material cross-linking mechanism
Authors: Zhao Hongbao , Li Zuoquan , Zhang Hongwei
Published: August 2024

In order to alleviate the problem of corner gas accumulation caused by air leakage in goaf of high gas coal seam. The rapid film-forming sealing material for the corner wall and the grouting sealing material for the corner roof were developed and optimized, and the' plugging-injection' combined air leakage sealing scheme was proposed. The orthogonal experiment was designed with the thickness attenuation ratio of the plugging film at 12h and24 h, gel viscosity, adhesion, setting time and other factors as indicators, and the best material ratio was selected. The engineering test shows that: (1) 1.5% sodium alginate solution and 7.5% calcium chloride solution can be sprayed in turn to quickly form a plugging film and stick to the corner wall; (2) 2.5% polyvinyl alcohol, 0.6% borax and 0.5% thickener were mixed into water and stirred to obtain polymer plugging slurry. (3) According to the monitoring results, the gas concentration of each monitoring point decreased by more than 62% after using the plugging material, and the gas concentration in the upper corner decreased by 67%. The air leakage decreased by more than 50%, and the upper corner decreased by 57%. The air leakage plugging scheme formed by the dynamic combination of the functions of the above two types of optimized new materials can effectively reduce the gas accumulation in the corner caused by air leakage in the goaf and reduce the occurrence of gas overrun accidents in the working face, which has a good utilization prospect.
Characteristics associated with the use of specialised mental healthcare by Norwegian adults with intellectual disability: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Pedersen Erlend Refseth , Anke Audny , Olsen Monica Isabel , Søndenaa Erik
Published: August 2024

Background
Studies have reported unmet healthcare needs among people with intellectual disability. However, there appears to be a lack of research examining the use of mental health services. The purpose of the present study was to address this knowledge gap and examine characteristics associated with use of the services in Norway.
Method
A cross-sectional community-based survey including 199 adult participants (55% men) with intellectual disabilities. Assessment comprised the POMONA-15 health indicators and instruments designed to assess aberrant behavior (ABC-C) and screen for possible mental health problems (MPAS-Check).
Results
During the last year, 49% of the participants had received specialist mental healthcare or habilitation services. Further, 18% scored above threshold on the MPAS-Check, and the prevalence of challenging behaviour in our sample was estimated to be 16% using the ABC-C. The presence of challenging behaviour, indicated by the ABC-C, was found to significantly increase the odds of using mental healthcare or habilitation services.
Conclusion
When developing policies and measures to improve access to mental health care services, it is important to consider factors that serve as barriers and facilitators to access. The use of psychotropic medication is foremost followed up by general practitioners, not by mental healthcare or specialized habilitation services.
SALSTM: Segmented Self-Attention LSTM for Long-Term Forecasting
Authors: Dai Zhi-Qiang , Li Jie , Cao Yang-Jie , Zhang Yong-Xiang
Published: August 2024

Time series forecasting plays a crucial role in various fields such as financial market analysis, weather prediction, and traffic flow forecasting. Although LSTM performs well in traditional time series forecasting tasks, its performance significantly deteriorates as the prediction sequence length increases. When the prediction length reaches 96, the results are almost irrelevant to the actual task. Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks often struggle with performance degradation as the prediction sequence length increases in long-term time series forecasting (LTSF). To address this issue, we propose an innovative time series forecasting model called SALSTM, which combines segmented iteration and intra-segment self-attention mechanisms to tackle the performance degradation of traditional LSTM in long-term time series forecasting. By reducing the number of recursive iterations and enhancing the ability to capture long-distance dependencies, SALSTM significantly improves prediction accuracy and computational efficiency. Experimental results show that SALSTM outperforms traditional LSTM and current state-of-the-art (SOTA) Transformer models across multiple benchmark datasets. The research indicates that LSTM variants still hold potential in long-term time series forecasting, and thoughtful design can further enhance their effectiveness.
A Comparative Analysis of an RC Low-Rise Building with the Seismic Codes of Countries Lying in the Himalayas: China, India, Nepal, and Pakistan
Authors: Kunwar Sanjaya , Thapa Deepak , Paudel Achyut , Shrestha Aayush
Published: August 2024

The Himalayan region is one of the most seismically active areas in the world due to its tectonic setting. This study investigates the seismic performance of a reinforced concrete (RC) low-rise building using the seismic codes of countries situated along the Himalayan belt: China, India, Nepal, and Pakistan. This study begins by reviewing the development of seismic codes in these countries. Subsequently, a prototype RC low-rise building was analyzed using finite element software, employing the linear static method of analysis according to each country's seismic codes. This study focused on key seismic responses, including the fundamental period, base shear, displacement, and story drift. The analysis revealed significant differences in seismic responses among the codes. Notably, the Chinese seismic code resulted in the highest values for the parameters studied, followed by the Nepalese, Pakistani, and Indian codes.
Epidemic characteristics, spatiotemporal pattern, and etiologic factors of liver cancer burden in China from 2010 to 2016: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Tian Tian , Yang Yangyuna , Wu Jie , Shan Jianzhen
Published: August 2024

Background
With the rising prevalence of obesity, increasing alcohol consumption and the advances in hepatitis virus treatment, liver cancer epidemiology gradually changes. However, the impact of these changes on liver cancer burden in China remains unclear. This study aimed to assess temporal trends in liver cancer burden across the whole country and 33 province-level administrative regions and the contributions of various liver cancer etiologies in China from 2010 to 2016.
Methods
The age-standardized incidence/death rate for liver cancer from 2010 to 2016 was evaluated according to sex, age, and etiology using data from the 2016 Global Burden of Disease study. The liver cancer-related age-standardized rates in the 33 province-level administrative regions of China were obtained from the National Central Cancer Registry.
Results
From 2010 to 2016, there were 25% and 22% increase in liver cancer incidence and death respectively, while the age-standardized incidence/death rate remained stable. South China, especially rural South, had the highest incidence and death rate of liver cancer in the whole country. The proportion of alcohol and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis-associated liver cancer incidence and death increased, whereas that of HBV-associated liver cancer incidence and death decreased from 2010 to 2016. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis was the only etiology with an increase in liver cancer incidence rate, and alcohol showed the fast-growing incidence of liver cancer in some age groups.
Conclusions
Urgent measures are required at a national level to tackle the underlying metabolic risk factors and slow down the rising burden of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis -induced liver cancer.
Integrated Electrically Small Monopole and Slotted Array Antenna Design for Next-Generation Microwave and mm-wave Wireless Systems
Authors: Kamruzzaman M. M. , Annadurai C. , Nelson I. , Devi K. Nirmala , Raja M. Ramkumar
Published: August 2024

This paper presents a novel co-design approach for wireless applications, integrating mm-wave and microwave technologies. The design features two antennas where a slotted waveguide array is fabricated using 3D-printing technology with an AlMg10Si alloy resonating at mm-wave frequency band, while a printed monopole antenna resonating at microwave frequency band shares a common ground plane with the slotted waveguide array. The electrically small printed monopole is realized on an FR4 substrate, is suitable for WLAN bands, and achieves ease of integration with the antenna at the Ka-band owing to the low profile. The co-design approach is particularly advantageous for wireless applications as it enables the seamless integration of different frequency bands, enhancing system versatility and performance. The antenna achieves dual frequency band operation covering the Impedance bandwidth of 15.27% (5.08–5.92) and 14.56% (26.48–30.64) at microwave and Ka-band frequencies, respectively. The innovative use of materials and advanced fabrication techniques also underscores the design's potential for diverse high-performance wireless applications.
Analysis of A Semi-Circular Cavity BPF with RF-MEMS Switches for 5G Applications and X-band Satellite Communication applications
Authors: Velagaleti Surendra Babu , Siddaiah N
Published: August 2024

This study designs and analyses a compact dual-band reconfigurable semi-circular cavity BPF. RF-MEMS switches were proposed on both sides of the 50Ω microstrip transmission lines in order to achieve reconfigurability. An electrostatically actuated shunt capacitive shunt type RF-MEMS switch is designed and tunability of the BPF is attained when the two switches move from upstate to downstate. The actuation voltage to move the switch downwards is 6.5V and the switch operates at a transition time of 30µS with a capacitance ratio of 10. Return loss of -22dB is obtained at 3.7GHz when the switch is in OFF state and return loss of -32dB is obtained at 6.7GHz when the switch is in ON state and is applicable for n77, n78 and n79 5G wireless communication applications and X-band satellite communication applications. Bandpass filter provides a frequency shift of 3GHz when both the switches are in ON state (or) OFF state. Return loss of -22dB is obtained at 3.7GHz when the switch is in the OFF state, while return loss of -32dB is obtained at 6.7GHz when the switch is in the ON state. This is suitable for 5G wireless communication applications (n77, n78, and n79) as well as X-band satellite communication applications. A 3GHz frequency shift is provided by a bandpass filter when both switches are in the ON or OFF position. BPF is designed to operate at a frequency range of 1–10 GHz that can be adjusted for different applications. By simulating the switch design in a COMSOL Multiphysics the features of the switch were examined, and the results were compared with theoretical calculations. The HFSSV.13 tool has been used to observe and present the BPF's tunable properties.
High Blood Pressure and Obesity: Is not-breastfeeding an added risk for children with Benign Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Abul-Fadl Azza , AbdulSamae Sameh Zaki , Mourad Maha
Published: August 2024

Background: The rising burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors of obesity and elevated blood pressure (EBP) from early childhood can aggravate consequences congenital heart defects (CHDs).
The aim was to study status and associations of early feeding, systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) elevations, obesity with CHD.
Methods: A sample of 150 children randomized into 50 breastfed, 50 non-breastfed and 50 mixed fed children aged 3-5 years examined for early feeding practices, BP and nutritional assessment through anthropometric measurements for estimating Body mass index (BMI) and hemoglobin. Doppler studies were carried out to detect congenital heart disease. Findings DBP, but not SBP, was higher in non-breastfed vs. fully Breastfed. Obesity was positively associated with elevated SBP and DBP in either sex. Early breastfeeding was protective, while not breastfeeding, bottle feeding with additives, pacifiers, unhealthy food intake (UFI) were associated with EBP. Doppler studies detected 16 cases (10.67%) with CHDs, mostly mitral valve prolapse (MVP) in 7(43.7%) followed by tricuspid regurge (TR) in 3 (18.75%), atrial-septal defect (ASD) in 1(6.25%) and ventricular-septal defects (VSD) in 1(6.25%). Although there were no direct associations between CHDs with early feeding, BMI or EBP, however risk factors for EBP by high intake of unhealthy foods was common.
Conclusions: Obesity and EBP start from early childhood; this could affect future cardiac dynamics. Breastfeeding may be physiologically and developmentally beneficial for these children by protection against CVD risk factors as obesity and EBP. Close watch of patients with CHD from an early age is recommended to detect cardiac hemodynamic changes especially among children who are obese, hypertensive. Promoting breastfeeding and healthy food intake is important to prevent the build of EBP from UFI into CVD.
Parent-Reported Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and Food Insecurity Among Children in Non-English-Speaking Households in the United States
Authors: Chipalo Edson , Nkwanzi Violet , Odii Ikenna Obasi , Malele Kefentse Princess
Published: August 2024

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are potentially traumatic events associated with the risk of food insecurities in the United States. However, there are limited studies investigating this association, particularly for children aged 0–17 in non-English-speaking households. Therefore, this study examines the association between individual and cumulative ACEs and food insecurity for children in non-English-speaking households in the U.S. Using data extracted from the 2022 National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH), an analytic sample of 4677 children aged 0–17 was obtained. The dependent variable was binary food insecurity (food secure vs. food insecure). Independent variables included 11 individual ACEs (i.e., economic hardship, parent/guardian divorce, etc) and cumulative ACEs (0 ACE, 1 ACE, 2 ACEs, and 3 ≥ ACEs). Data were analyzed using six sets of multivariate logistic regression models with household food insecurity as an outcome variable across ACEs while controlling for individual, family, and community-level characteristics. Of the 4677 children, 22.4% experienced at least one or more ACEs, and 4.5% experienced food insecurity. After controlling for other factors, individual ACEs, including family economic hardships (aOR = 13.2), parents/guardians divorced (aOR = 2.65), and parents/guardians died (aOR = 3.59) were associated with higher odds of food insecurity among children. After covariates adjustment, children with at least one ACEs (aOR = 1.98), two ACEs (aOR = 3.51), and three or more ACEs (aOR = 2.25) were associated with higher odds of food insecurity compared with children with no ACEs. Therefore, preventing ACEs is crucial to mitigate their negative impact on food insecurity for children and their families. Interventions should focus on preventing ACEs and increasing financial resources needed for economic support, which can be strengthened through public assistance programs such as Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Programs (SNAPs) and Women and Infant programs (WIC) or supplemented by existing social support systems so low-income non-English-speaking families can afford food.
Forest fires in Irkutsk region as a possible source of benz(a)pyrene in the atmosphere of Bratsk
Authors:   rkutsk National Research Technical University, Belykh L.I.
Published: August 2024

The aim of the study is to analyze wildfires in Irkutsk region and its districts in 2014-2020 as a possible source of benz(a)pyrene pollution of the atmospheric air in Bratsk. The dynamics of the number, the area of fires and their dependence on each other is explored. A comparative assessment of fires in the Bratsk district, Bratsk and its surrounding districts, and in Irkutsk region was carried out. The dynamics of reducing atmospheric air pollution with benz(a)pyrene in Bratsk during the study and the level of average carcinogen content in the atmosphere of 16 cities of the region was explored. Positive trends and linear dependences of the average annual and maximum monthly concentrations of benz(a)pyrene in the atmospheric air of Bratsk on the indicators of wildfires in the Bratsk district, a group of districts and in the entire region were found. A regular increase in the accuracy of the correlation between the content of benzo(a)pyrene in the atmosphere of Bratsk and the indicators of fires in a number of territories from Irkutsk region to Bratsk district was shown. Higher correlation coefficients were found for indicators of average annual concentrations of benzo(a)pyrene and for the number of fires compared, respectively, with maximum average monthly concentrations and indicators of natural burned areas. The average concentration of benzo(a)pyrene in the atmosphere of 16 cities did not depend on the indicators of fires in Irkutsk region. A conclusion is made about possible consequences of wildfires for air pollution in Bratsk with carcinogenic benzo(a)pyrene.
Classification of food items in trash through images using a hybrid deep learning system
Authors: Abdulrahman Asma Abdulelah , Wazi Mayada Taki , Sabr Marwah Hadi , Tahir Fouad Shaker , Khlaponin Yurii
Published: August 2024

The issue that arouses concern is the issue of waste in general, especially waste in food. Deep learning has made its way into the aforementioned field. Pre-processing is done using a new filter derived from discrete wavelets that were derived from Legendre polynomials (LEGP) to achieve Multi Resolution Analyses (MRA), in which the image parameters are separated into proximity parameters and detail parameters, where the first is concentrated in LL, while the second is in HL, LH, HH to improve the input image of the waste in terms of noise removal and image compression. To begin the deep learning process, configure the New Convolutional Neural Network (NCNN) to configure 144 layer with the image size (224x224x3) with Google Net so that the waste resulting from leftover food is sorted. In this work, four foods were sorted: tomatoes, potatoes, bread, and rice, and the result was reached for accuracy for each upcoming image with the accuracy of the neural arrangement of rice (99.9337) to potato (100 %) to tomato (99.8959), and finally for bread (83.5492), with the accuracy of the neural network 94.12 % in 1 min 2 sec.
The accuracy reached in this work with Discrete Legendre Wavelets Transform (DLEGWT) and training the new network for google net was 94.12 % in 1 minute and 2 seconds with the new filter (DLEGWT). A program was created that was translated into a new algorithm. It was shown that the new filter worked in two stages, which is the initial processing stage, included analyses image with removed the noise from the image, after which the image is compressed to reduce the space used by the image data. As for the second stage, the deep learning stage takes place with the new filter, so that a new convolutional neural network is created after Dividing the image into three channels RGB to complete the convolution process for each channel, so that the hidden layers are formed until it reaches full connectivity, so that the classification process is performed with triple accuracy. The proposed algorithm has proven its efficiency
Effect of contact blast loading on the plastic deformation forming ability of large steel pipes
Authors: Vu Quang Duc
Published: August 2024

Plastic deformation forming with metal pipe blanks by contact blast loading inside pipes is an interesting moldless forming technique, also a complex and error-prone process. Some advantages are very characteristic of this forming technique such as no cost of mold, tooling and low energy consumption, no complicated control equipment compared to other forming techniques such as casting, rolling, tube hydrostatic forming, bending – welding. Up to now, the calculation and design of this forming technique mainly use some existing reference empirical formulas, so the experimental results are only suitable in the range of small pipe diameters, and still there are significant deviations for larger pipe diameters. In order to increase the predictability and accuracy of forming process by contact blast loading inside large pipes, this paper presents a study on the influence of the mass of highly explosive material – TNT to the forming ability of large steel pipes from API-5LX-42 mild steel materials by modern 3D numerical simulation – using Abaqus/Cae software. Four output criteria with maximum values are used to evaluate the efficiency of this forming process, including maximum diameter of the blast zone (Dmax£2D0), Von Mises stress (Smax£UTS), Hoop plastic strain component (PE22max£1), and Pipe wall thinning rate (eT-max£60 %). The results of this research on the plastic deformation forming process using numerical simulation can be used for the next experimental step to evaluate the difference between simulation and experiment, as well as use this data in the calculation and design of pipe products with circular or square cross-sections to save both time and money of trial and error before application in actual manufacturing
Analysis of load and contact mechanic on the composite structural: case study on GFRP composite
Authors: Mujiyono  , Perdana Helmi Kusuma , Nurhadiyanto Didik , Saputri Virda Hersy Lutviana , Hassan Shukur Abu
Published: August 2024

When creating lightweight structures to lower the rail vehicle's overall weight, composite materials with fiber reinforcements are the material of choice. Because of its excellent strength, low weight, high durability, stiffness, damping ability, flexural strength, resistance to wear and tear, impact resistance, indentation resistance, and corrosion resistance, composite materials. This study proposes to analyze the load and contact mechanic on the glass fiber reinforced polymers (GFRP) composite structural under tensile and flexural load. Tensile load 17.490 N was applied in 2 model, with Tab and without Tab. The flexural loading 669 N was applied in 6 models with the 3-load types and 2-contact mechanic types. The stress values and locations of the proposed finite elements analysis (FEA) modeling results were verified through experiments for tensile loads and flexural loads. The FEA modeling of GFRP composites under tensile load with tabs and without tabs have same the maximum stress location. The location at the outer surface of the grip splitter line. The stress 107 MPa on the gauge length area of FEA modeling and the experimental are same. FEA modelling under flexural loads, when using bonded contact shows that the location and value of stress concentration is not same as experimental. Using frictionless contact model have the value and location of maximum stress same as experimental. The FEA model 5 with Face load and frictionless mechanical contact has the stress concentration that is closest to the experimental results. By considering the type of load applied to the surface and the frictionless contact mechanics, FEA modeling can be used to predict the behavior of composite structures under bending loads
Synthesis of LiCo1-XNiXO2 nanomaterial by hydrothermal method as cathode for lithium ion battery
Authors: Homad Hudaa , Ali Noor , Al-Jubouri Omar , Al-Timimi Muhammad , Abbas Bahaa
Published: August 2024

The compounds of LiCoO2 (LCO) and LiCo1-xNixO2 (LCNO), with (x=0,0.25,0.5,0.75,1) were synthesized as cathode active material for lithium–ion batteries using hydrothermal technique in this study. Structure and morphology characterization were conducted for all prepared samples. The crystalline results indicate that both LCO and LCNO possess a rhombohedral structure, while the morphology results show irregular shapes. Electrochemical tests were carried out for LiCoO2 and LiCo0.25 Ni0.75O2 samples only. From the electrochemical measurements, the LiCo0.25 Ni0.75O2 demonstrate higher charge and discharge capacities compared to the LiCoO2 electrode, findings which are consistent with the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results of both the prepared Lithium Cobalt Oxide (LCO) and Lithium Cobalt Nickel Oxide (LCNO) samples reveal characteristic peaks at specific angles (2θ) indicating crystallographic planes. For LCO, peaks were observed at 18.96°, 37.40°, 38.35°, 39.07°, 45.29°, 49.45°, and 59.62° corresponding to crystallographic planes (003), (101), (006), (012), (104), (015), and (107) respectively. These peaks confirm the formation of a rhombohedral LiCoO2 nanostructure with space group (R-3m no.166), consistent with standard data (JCPDS 00-016-0427). The EDX spectra of the synthesized Lithium Cobalt Oxide (LCO) and Lithium Cobalt Nickel Oxide (LCNO) were analyzed. The results showed the presence of oxygen (O), cobalt (Co), and nickel (Ni) elements. However, the peak corresponding to lithium (Li) was not visible due to its low activation energy. Finally, the synthesis and characterization of LiCoO2 (LCO) and LiCo1-xNixO2 (LCNO) compounds were conducted, with electrochemical tests indicating superior performance of LiCo0.25 Ni0.75O2 over LiCoO2
A study of the dynamic evolution of spherical gravitating systems
Authors: Kutlimuratov Sardor , Otojanova Nilufar , Tadjibaev Ikram , Tillaboev Komiljon
Published: August 2024

This article discusses the problems of origin and evolution and issues of numerical modeling of spherical systems, such as clusters of galaxies, globular clusters or E0 galaxies, characterized by massiveness and relatively old age, including up to 1000 bodies. First, observational data on galaxy clusters and their results are analyzed, including using a numerical method. Methods for numerical modeling of the evolution of spherical systems are studied. Two models are analyzed: the first is spherically homogeneous, with an isotropic distribution, and the second is with a particle distribution obeying the Plummer model. Changes in the position of bodies in the system and the distribution of velocities for different moments of time were obtained for each individual model. The calculation results are presented in the form of graphs. In the first model, at an early stage of evolution, the system collapses: a dense core is formed in the center, and a shell is formed around it. It is shown that over time the concentration of the nucleus decreases and it begins to stretch and the size of the system begins to increase. In this case, the distribution of bodies in the system obeys the Gaussian distribution and remains unchanged until the end of evolution. The second model also shows that at an early stage of evolution, the system collapses: then the system contracts and a compacted core forms in the center. The difference between the second model and the first is that a dense halo appears around the nucleus. It is found that sometimes in the early stages of evolution the system is slightly elongated and then tends to a spherical shape. It is also discovered that when solving the modeling of spherical systems, the choice of initial conditions plays an important role
Physical and mechanical properties of adobe bricks reinforced by natural additives, a case study of alfalfa fibers
Authors: Azalam Youness , Alioui Abdelmounaim , Al armouzi Naoual , Benfars Mohammed , Mabrouki Mustapha , Bendada El Maati
Published: August 2024

The primary objective of this study is to determine the impact of alfalfa fiber on the physicomechanical properties of adobe bricks. The soil and fibers utilized in this research as raw materials were obtained from Ouled Mbarek, a village located in the north-central region of Morocco. Comprehensive tests were conducted on the raw materials for characterization, including mineralogical examination, geotechnical assessment, and microstructural analysis.
The adobe samples underwent thorough examination, with a focus on damage, fracture behavior and fire resistance. The inclusion of alfalfa fiber, containing hydrophilic compounds such as quasi-crystalline cellulose and hemicelluloses, resulted in increased water absorption and significant porosity due to air entrapment during mixing.
Furthermore, the introduction of small amounts of alfalfa fiber led to an enhancement in the mechanical properties of the adobes, showcasing noTable compressive and flexural strength reaching 8.28 MPa and 1.83 MPa, respectively. This improvement was attributed to the strong adhesion between the added fibers and the clay matrix, significantly reducing crack propagation within the composite material. The high tensile strength of alfalfa fibers, stemming from their cellulose content, also played a crucial role in the improved mechanical performance. Consequently, adobes reinforced with such fibers exhibit promising characteristics as cost-effective construction materials in arid and semi-arid regions
The potential of catalyst based on palm leaves in biodiesel production as part of palm oil life cycle assesment
Authors: Manurung Renita , Tambun Rondang , Zuhri Ruri Rizki Syahputri , Harahap Hamidah , Siregar Alwi Gery Agustan
Published: August 2024

The advantages offered by biomass-based heterogeneous catalysts, such as being easily separated from reaction products, being used many times, having low production costs, and being widely available in nature. One of the heterogeneous catalysts that can be used is a sodium silicate catalyst, especially one obtained by impregnating Na metal on a SiO2 matrix derived from biomass ash. In this study, palm leaves have the potential to be used as raw material for the SiO2 matrix because their utilization has yet to be optimal. This research aims to synthesize, characterize, and apply a sodium silicate catalyst based on palm leaves ash in the production of biodiesel from Refined, Bleached, Deodorized, Palm Oil (RBDPO). SiO2 was obtained by calcining palm leaves at a temperature of 700 °C for 3 hours, followed by washing using 1 N HCl solution. In this research, variations in the mole ratio of NaOH: SiO2 were carried out in the synthesis of sodium silicate, namely 1:1, 1.5:1, 2:1, and 2.5:1. This research also evaluates the reusability of the sodium silicate catalyst and the effect of washing using methanol on the biodiesel yield produced. The best sodium silicate catalyst was obtained at a NaOH: SiO2 molar ratio of 1.5:1, with a biodiesel yield of 74.485 % and an ester content of 97.293 %. SEM analysis shows the presence of a porous structure on the catalyst. The existence of the Si-O-Na group has been confirmed using FTIR. BET-BJH analysis has confirmed the presence of a mesoporous structure in the catalyst, with a surface area of 6.4343 m2/g and a pore size of 5.3127 nm. The resulting sodium silicate catalyst can be used up to three times, with a yield of 62.388 %. Catalyst regeneration using methanol is capable of producing biodiesel with a yield of 45.198 %
GERMINATED BLACK RICE (GEMAR) FUNCTIONAL BEVERAGE POWDER: A POTENTIAL ANTIOXIDANT FOR MANAGING DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Pasaribu Sudana Fatahillah , Putra Chandra  , Reno Irwanto  , Nisya Ayu Rachmawati  , Ratna Sari Dinaryanti
Published: August 2024

Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a degenerative disease and a leading global cause of death, often linked to increased oxidative stress and free radicals. Prolonged DM can lead to various complications, including kidney issues, heart problems, vision impairment, and more. Dietary regulation is a recommended approach to managing DM. GEMAR beverage powder, derived from germinated black rice and mung bean, holds the potential as a source of antioxidants and is beneficial for individuals with DM due to its rich phytochemical content.
Objective This study aims to determine the yield and antioxidant activity of GEMAR powder beverage as a therapy for DM.
Methods This is a quantitative research study employing a true experimental design, which will be analyzed descriptively. The ingredients GEMAR beverage powder germinated black rice, germinated mung bean, tempeh, red spinach, skimmed milk, soy protein isolate, and maltodextrin. The GEMAR beverage powder production includes sorting, mixing, roasting, drying, milling, and filtration stages. The GEMAR beverage yield value was obtained by comparing the final powder weight and the initial powder weight. Analysis of the antioxidant activity of GEMAR beverage powder using the DPPH method.
Results The yield of GEMAR beverage powder was 41,6% and the antioxidant activity of GEMAR powder beverage was 24,30±0,07%.
Conclusion This study concluded that GEMAR beverage powder is a functional beverage that has antioxidant activity and has the potential to be used as a therapy for DM.
Keywords: antioxidants; functional beverages; black rice; diabetes mellitus.
Use of C-reactive protein as a marker for Lyme disease in Bernese Mountain Dogs – a preliminary study
Authors: PISAREK MARIA , KALINOWSKI MARCIN , OR MEHMET ERMAN , DOKUZEYLÜL BANU , TEODOROWSKI OLIWIER , DENEKA ŁUKASZ , RUTKOWSKA-SZULCZYK MAŁGORZATA , WINIARCZYK STANISŁAW , ADASZEK ŁUKASZ
Published: August 2024

The aim of the study was to determine the correlation between serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, the presence of antibodies to B. burgdorferi, and the occurrence of clinical signs of Lyme borreliosis in Bernese Mountain Dogs (BMDs). The study included 54 BMDs divided into three groups. The first group (n = 29) consisted of animals with signs suggestive of Lyme disease and rapid tests showing the presence of antibodies to B. burgdorferi in their serum. The second group (n = 15) included dogs that did not show signs of Lyme disease and had antibodies to spirochetes in their serum. The third group consisted of BMDs (n = 10) that showed no signs of disease and in whose serum no antibodies to B. burgdorferi were detected by rapid tests. Of the 29 dogs in the first group, 18 had elevated CRP levels. These animals showed signs of arthritis and renal failure. After treatment with doxycycline, the clinical signs of the disease disappeared, and the CRP concentration decreased to normal levels in 16 dogs. In the second group, 2 animals had elevated CRP levels, while in the third group, no antibodies to spirochetes were detected in the serum of any of the dogs, and CRP levels remained within the physiologically normal range. Our own observations indicate that C-reactive protein is a promising marker for monitoring the effectiveness of Lyme disease therapy in BMDs, as well as for distinguishing asymptomatic positive seroreagents from dogs of this breed that are actually suffering from the disease. However, to confirm its usefulness, further research is needed on representatives of this breed, especially those suffering from a chronic form of the disease.
Identification and prevalence of Capnocytophaga canimorsus and Capnocytophaga cynodegmi from the dog population in Wrocław, Poland
Authors: ARBATOWSKA LIWIA , OSIAK-WICHA CEZARY , KRAS KATARZYNA , WOŹNIAK KATA-RZYNA , SZYMAŃCZYK SYLWIA , TAJCHMAN KATARZYNA , TOMASZEWSKA EWA , MUSZYŃSKI SIEMOWIT , ARCISZEWSKI MARCIN B.
Published: August 2024

In recent years, there has been growing interest in exploring the potential health benefits of incorporating natural plant substances into the diets of farm animals. Basket willow (Salix viminalis), rich in flavonoids, tannins, and salicylates, has emerged as a candidate with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and anthelmintic properties, making it appealing for integration into ruminant farming practices. This study aimed to analyze the effects of dietary supplementation with basket willow on the neuroanatomical properties of the small intestine in farmed fallow deer. Immunohistochemical methods and morphometric measurements were employed to assess changes in noradrenergic, galaninergic and nitrergic innervation patterns. Twenty-four fallow deer were divided randomly, with 12 individuals placed in both a control group and an experimental group, with the latter receiving willow supplementation. The results revealed significant alterations in the morphology and innervation patterns of the enteric nervous system (ENS) in the experimental group, including a decrease in ganglion size and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) immunoreactive nerve fibers, and an increase in galanin immunoreactive neurons. These findings suggest a potential modulation of gastrointestinal function by willow supplementation. However, caution is warranted due to the high salicylate content in basket willow, which may pose risks to gastrointestinal integrity. Overall, while basket willow supplementation shows promise in enhancing animal farming methods, further research is needed to elucidate its mechanisms and optimize its use in ruminant farming practices.
Infectious and parasitic diseases in European hares (Lepus europaeus Pall.) from the Lublin Upland detected by macroscopic autopsy
Authors: BEŁKOT ZBIGNIEW , WOJTAS NATALIA , CHMIELOWIEC AGNIESZKA , KOWALCZYK JULIA , DROZD ŁUKASZ
Published: August 2024

The European hare (Lepus europaeus), commonly known as the gray hare, belongs to the Leporidae family. Widely distributed throughout Poland, it exhibits higher population density in the eastern regions. However, Europe has witnessed a significant decline in hare populations over the past 50 years, a trend also observed in most Polish areas. Contributing factors include intensified agriculture, habitat loss, urbanization, pollution (water, air, and soil), and climate change, all impacting population dynamics, including reproduction. Increased predation by foxes, raccoons, and birds of prey, along with poaching and hunting-related damage, further affect hare populations. Infectious and parasitic diseases play a crucial role in hare health, often leading to mortality. These animals constantly interact with various pathogens and vectors due to their natural environment. The objective of this study was to assess the health of the European hare population in the Lublin Upland based on macroscopic findings during autopsies. The research involved 85 hares from two hunting districts in the western part of the Lublin Upland. These animals were necropsied, and material was collected for laboratory tests. Macroscopic examinations revealed the presence of several diseases, including brucellosis (6 cases), rodentiosis (11 cases), tularemia (3 cases), echinococcosis (5 cases), and cysticercosis (11 cases). Most of these diseases are classified as dangerous zoonotic infections. The detection of multiple diseases underscores the gray hare’s role as a reservoir in the natural environment. These confirmed diseases pose significant risks, often proving fatal for both hares and their predators. As a game species, European hares also pose a threat to hunters who handle infected animals. Moreover, meat from sick hares jeopardizes consumer health and safety. This research holds substantial importance for veterinary medicine and public health, aiding in early diagnosis and effective disease prevention strategies.
The Reality of Common Sexual Problems for Students with Down’s Syndrome in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alzahrani Sultan
Published: August 2024

Introduction: The current study aimed to identify the sexual problems of students with Down’s syndrome in Saudi Arabia from the point of view of their parents and teachers in the light of a range of variables (student’s age, educational program, and family’s economic situation).
Method: This descriptive comparative study was based on a sample of 120 participants consisting of 68 parents and 52 teachers caring for students with Down’s syndrome. The questionnaire of sexual problems for students with disabilities was applied and the data was statically analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and One- way ANOVA. The findings indicated that the most prevalent sexual problems experienced by students with Down’s syndrome according to their parents and teachers are a lack of knowledge of sexual development, difficulties in the child presenting themselves in front of others, and the inability to distinguish between normal and abnormal physical contact.
Findings: The arithmetic one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), mean, standard deviation, and t-test were used to calculate the findings that revealed no statistically significant differences between the perspectives of the parents and teachers of students with intellectual disability regarding the most prevalent sexual problems. Moreover, there was no statistically significant correlation between the student’s age and the sexual problems they encountered. Finally, the findings found statistically significant differences in the sexual problems encountered according to the of the program variables to which the students with Down’s syndrome belong and the family’s economic situation
Discussion: It is recommended that a group counseling program be devised for the parents of students with Down’s syndrome to advance their knowledge of sexual development and to obtain an understanding of how to deal with the variables resulting from such development. Develop training programs for families, teachers, psychologists, and social workers working in special needs care on how to identify the sexual problems experienced by intellectually disabled students. Raise parents’ awareness of the importance of communication and dialogue with teachers to identify the most important sexual problems their children face and collaborate to resolve them through training courses.
Ni–P–PTFE cathode with low surface energy for enhancing electrochemical water softening performance
Authors: Zhao Jingru , Wang Lida , Sun Wen , Yang Zhengqing , Chen Xuesong , Zhang Piji , Chen Xu , Zhao Jin , Liu Jincheng , Liu Guichang
Published: August 2024

Efficient cathode regeneration is a significant challenge in the electrochemical water softening process. This work explores the use of an electroless plating Ni–P–PTFE electrode with low surface energy for this purpose. The Ni–P–PTFE electrode demonstrates improved self-cleaning performance at high current densities. By combining the low surface energy of the electrode with fluid flushing shear force, the precipitation rate on the Ni–P–PTFE electrode remains stable at approximately 18 g/m2·h over extended periods of operation. Additionally, the cleaning efficiency of the Ni–P–PTFE electrode surpasses that of stainless steel by 66.34%. The Ni–P–PTFE electrode can maintain a larger active area and a longer operational lifespan is attributed to its self-cleaning performance derived from low surface energy. Furthermore, the loose scale layers on the electrode surface are easily removed during electrochemical water softening processes, presenting a novel approach to cathode surface design.
Máscaras em trânsito
Authors: De Souza Costa Waldson , Souza Lucas Barreto de
Published: August 2024

Este ensaio visual foi produzido entre junho e dezembro de 2020, como parte integrante de avaliação da disciplina de Antropologia Visual, do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Antropologia (PPGA) da Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA). Ele é exercício fotoetnográfico que busca mostrar a variedade das reconfigurações e sentidos que as máscaras faciais tomaram ao longo da pandemia do coronavírus.
“Nem se o sujeito consumir uma baguete de cloroquina vai ser o suficiente”
Authors: Jacob Ana Paula Pimentel
Published: August 2024

O objetivo principal deste artigo é refletir sobre o projeto de Estado de biomedicalização na pandemia a partir de um grupo de pesquisadores que investigou a Hidroxicloroquina para o tratamento da Covid-19. Entrevistei 26 cientistas entre setembro de 2022 e fevereiro de 2023. Em sua maioria, os pesquisadores são formados em medicina, homens brancos com mais de 40 anos e que fizeram ensaios clínicos sobre o uso de fármacos no tratamento da Covid-19. Para os cientistas entrevistados, os medicamentos estudados já estavam em uso pelos hospitais antes de suas pesquisas, o que conferia a necessidade de realizar estudos para confirmar ou não a eficácia desses tratamentos. No entanto, para outros cientistas, a rigor, a Hidroxicloroquina não precisaria de ensaio clínico para comprovar a sua ineficácia, já que os estudos pré-clínicos denotavam que o tratamento não traria os resultados esperados de melhoras nos pacientes diagnosticados com Covid-19.