bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ketogenic diet and BHB rescue the fall of long-term potentiation in an Alzheimer’s mouse model and stimulates synaptic plasticity pathway enzymes
Authors: Di Lucente Jacopo , Persico Giuseppe , Zhou Zeyu , Jin Lee-Way , Ramsey Jon J. , Rutkowsky Jennifer M. , Montgomery Claire M. , Tomilov Alexey , Kim Kyoungmi , Giorgio Marco , Maezawa Izumi , Cortopassi Gino A.
Published: February 2024

The Ketogenic Diet (KD) improves memory and longevity in aged C57BL/6 mice. We tested 7 months KD vs. control diet (CD) in the mouse Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) model APP/PS1. KD significantly rescued Long-Term-Potentiation (LTP) to wild-type levels, not by changing Amyloid-β (Aβ) levels. KD’s ‘main actor’ is thought to be Beta-Hydroxy-butyrate (BHB) whose levels rose significantly in KD vs. CD mice, and BHB itself significantly rescued LTP in APP/PS1 hippocampi. KD’s 6 most significant pathways induced in brains by RNAseq all related to Synaptic Plasticity. KD induced significant increases in synaptic plasticity enzymes p-ERK and p-CREB in both sexes, and of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in APP/PS1 females. We suggest KD rescues LTP through BHB’s enhancement of synaptic plasticity. LTP falls in Mild-Cognitive Impairment (MCI) of human AD. KD and BHB, because they are an approved diet and supplement respectively, may be most therapeutically and translationally relevant to the MCI phase of Alzheimer’s Disease.
SARS-CoV-2 rapidly evolves lineage-specific phenotypic differences when passaged repeatedly in immune-naïve mice
Authors: Willett Julian Daniel Sunday , Gravel Annie , Dubuc Isabelle , Gudimard Leslie , dos Santos Pereira Andrade Ana Claudia , Lacasse Émile , Fortin Paul , Liu Ju-Ling , Cervantes Jose Avila , Galvez Jose Hector , Djambazian Haig Hugo Vrej , Zwaig Melissa , Roy Anne-Marie , Lee Sally , Chen Shu-Huang , Ragoussis Jiannis , Flamand Louis
Published: February 2024

The persistence of SARS-CoV-2 despite the development of vaccines and a degree of herd immunity is partly due to viral evolution reducing vaccine and treatment efficacy. Serial infections of wild-type (WT) SARS-CoV-2 in Balb/c mice yield mouse-adapted strains with greater infectivity and mortality. We investigate if passaging unmodified B.1.351 (Beta) and B.1.617.2 (Delta) 20 times in K18-ACE2 mice, expressing the human ACE2 receptor, in a BSL-3 laboratory without selective pressures, drives human health-relevant evolution and if evolution is lineage-dependent. Late-passage virus causes more severe disease, at organism and lung tissue scales, with late-passage Delta demonstrating antibody resistance and interferon suppression. This resistance co-occurs with a de novo spike S371F mutation, linked with both traits. S371F, an Omicron-characteristic mutation, is co-inherited at times with spike E1182G per Nanopore sequencing, existing in different within-sample viral variants at others. Both S371F and E1182G are linked to mammalian GOLGA7 and ZDHHC5 interactions, which mediate viral-cell entry and antiviral response. This study demonstrates SARS-CoV-2’s tendency to evolve with phenotypic consequences, its evolution varying by lineage, and suggests non-dominant quasi-species contribution.
Mitigating allocative tradeoffs and harms in an environmental justice data tool
Authors: Huynh Benjamin Q. , Chin Elizabeth T. , Koenecke Allison , Ouyang Derek , Ho Daniel E. , Kiang Mathew V. , Rehkopf David H.
Published: February 2024

Neighbourhood-level screening algorithms are increasingly being deployed to inform policy decisions. However, their potential for harm remains unclear: algorithmic decision-making has broadly fallen under scrutiny for disproportionate harm to marginalized groups, yet opaque methodology and proprietary data limit the generalizability of algorithmic audits. Here we leverage publicly available data to fully reproduce and audit a large-scale algorithm known as CalEnviroScreen, designed to promote environmental justice and guide public funding by identifying disadvantaged neighbourhoods. We observe the model to be both highly sensitive to subjective model specifications and financially consequential, estimating the effect of its positive designations as a 104% (62–145%) increase in funding, equivalent to US$2.08 billion (US$1.56–2.41 billion) over four years. We further observe allocative tradeoffs and susceptibility to manipulation, raising ethical concerns. We recommend incorporating technical strategies to mitigate allocative harm and accountability mechanisms to prevent misuse.
Tumor acidosis-induced DNA damage response and tetraploidy enhance sensitivity to ATM and ATR inhibitors
Authors: Aubert Léo , Bastien Estelle , Renoult Ophélie , Guilbaud Céline , Özkan Kübra , Brusa Davide , Bouzin Caroline , Richiardone Elena , Richard Corentin , Boidot Romain , Léonard Daniel , Corbet Cyril , Feron Olivier
Published: February 2024

Tumor acidosis is associated with increased invasiveness and drug resistance. Here, we take an unbiased approach to identify vulnerabilities of acid-exposed cancer cells by combining pH-dependent flow cytometry cell sorting from 3D colorectal tumor spheroids and transcriptomic profiling. Besides metabolic rewiring, we identify an increase in tetraploid cell frequency and DNA damage response as consistent hallmarks of acid-exposed cancer cells, supported by the activation of ATM and ATR signaling pathways. We find that regardless of the cell replication error status, both ATM and ATR inhibitors exert preferential growth inhibitory effects on acid-exposed cancer cells. The efficacy of a combination of these drugs with 5-FU is further documented in 3D spheroids as well as in patient-derived colorectal tumor organoids. These data position tumor acidosis as a revelator of the therapeutic potential of DNA repair blockers and as an attractive clinical biomarker to predict the response to a combination with chemotherapy.
Inhibition of SFTSV replication in humanized mice by a subcutaneously administered anti-PD1 nanobody
Authors: Ji Mengmeng , Hu Jiaqian , Zhang Doudou , Huang Bilian , Xu Shijie , Jiang Na , Chen Yuxin , Wang Yujiong , Wu Xilin , Wu Zhiwei
Published: February 2024

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a life-threatening disease caused by a novel bunyavirus (SFTSV), mainly transmitted by ticks. With no effective therapies or vaccines available, understanding the disease’s mechanisms is crucial. Recent studies found increased expression of programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) on dysfunctional T cells in SFTS patients. However, the role of the PD-1/programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathway in SFTS progression remains unclear. We investigated PD-1 blockade as a potential therapeutic strategy against SFTSV replication. Our study analyzed clinical samples and performed in vitro experiments, revealing elevated PD-1/PD-L1 expression in various immune cells following SFTSV infection. An anti-PD-1 nanobody, NbP45, effectively inhibited SFTSV infection in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), potentially achieved through the mitigation of apoptosis and the augmentation of T lymphocyte proliferation. Intriguingly, subcutaneous administration of NbP45 showed superior efficacy compared to a licensed anti-PD-1 antibody in an SFTSV-infected humanized mouse model. These findings highlight the involvement of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway during acute SFTSV infection and suggest its potential as a host target for immunotherapy interventions against SFTSV infection.
Using RDCs and PCSs to Study the Structure, Dynamics, and Interactions of Carbohydrates
Authors: Canales Angeles , Oquist-Phillips Paola , Poveda Ana , Jiménez-Barbero Jesús
Published: February 2024

The standard NMR parameters applied to deduce the essential structural and conformational information of carbohydrates are chemical shifts, scalar couplings and nuclear Overhauser effects (NOEs). However, there are intrinsic problems in defining the preferred conformation of complex glycans by NMR. Particularly, the lack of signal dispersion hampers the characterization of complex multi-antennary glycans with repetitions of the same monosaccharide in different positions that cannot be distinguished in conventional experiments. In addition, few interresidue NOEs are usually detected to derive the conformation around the glycosidic linkages. In this chapter, the application of paramagnetic NMR in the glycan field is described. Under paramagnetic conditions, pseudo-contact shifts (PCSs), paramagnetic relaxation enhancement (PRE) and residual dipolar couplings (RDCs) can be measured as additional parameters with structural information. Moreover, PCSs increase signal dispersion allowing the individual detection of signals from repeating units in complex glycans.
Anisotropic NMR Methods: Orthogonal Verification of Novel and Complex Natural Product Structures
Authors: Liu Yizhou , Martin Gary E. , Li Gao-Wei , Lei Xinxiang , Williamson R. Thomas
Published: February 2024

Complex natural products, particularly those with no structural precedent, represent an area of investigation with vast possibilities for spectral misassignment and the intrusion of investigatory bias. The myriad of two-dimensional NMR experiments now available allow researchers to tackle increasingly more complex structures, but unfortunately also seem to have opened new doors to data misinterpretation, as evidenced by the numbers of misassigned structures burgeoning in the past decade. Orthogonal structural verification using anisotropic NMR methods, including residual dipolar coupling (RDC) and residual chemical shift anisotropy (RCSA), offers a powerful means of confirming or refuting a proposed structure without the intrusion of investigatory bias. In this chapter, we provide a coherent theoretical framework of key concepts, an overview of recent status and trends, followed by detailed discussion on some noteworthy methods, a number of first-hand examples and a thorough survey of natural products characterized by anisotropic NMR in the published literature, and finally an introduction to methods related to the challenging but not uncommon cases of conformationally flexible molecules. We hope this chapter contributes to wider adoption of anisotropic NMR in natural product research and helps to quell the wave of misassigned structures in the chemical literature.
Sorafenib and tetrakis (4-carboxyphenyl) porphyrin assembled nanoparticles for synergistic targeted chemotherapy and sonodynamic therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Chen Yongzhi , Tan Qiuxia , Tang Yuanyu , Pang E. , Peng Rui , Lan Minhuan , Bai Dousheng
Published: February 2024

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is characterized by a high degree of malignancy and mortality.
Aldol condensation of mixed oxygenates on TiO2
Authors: Oliphant Brandon Elliott , Rasmussen Mathew , Paz Herrera Laura , Griffin Michael B. , Medlin J. Will
Published: February 2024

Kinetic studies of aldol condensation of mixtures on TiO2 reveal strong suppression of acetone self-condensation in the presence of acetaldehyde.
Thermal stability and quantum efficiency improvement of Cr3+-activated garnet phosphors via regulating A/B sites for near-infrared LED applications
Authors: Ma Boxin , Xie Siyuan , Yu Ting , Zeng Qingguang , Liu Xiaoguang , Guo Yue , Li Ling , Wen Dawei
Published: February 2024

Doping A/B sites with larger sized elements expands the space of the octahedral site where Cr3+ is located, further weakening its crystal field strength and to obtain wider broadband emission with high quantum efficiency.
Co-intercalation strategy for simultaneously boosting two-electron conversion and bulk stabilization of Mn-based cathodes in aqueous zinc-ion batteries
Authors: Gao Xuan , Shen Chen , Dong Haobo , Dai Yuhang , Jiang Peie , Parkin Ivan P. , Zhang Hongbin , Carmalt Claire J. , He Guanjie
Published: February 2024

The proposed cathode, achieved by a cost-effective and scalable coating process, highlights the potential of simultaneously promoting surface reactivity while ensuring bulk stability for efficient high mass loading cathodes in zinc-ion batteries.
New insights into the mechanism and kinetics of the addition reaction of unsaturated Criegee intermediates to CF3COOH and tropospheric implications
Authors: Lily Makroni , Lv Xiaofan , Chandra Asit K. , Tsona Tchinda Narcisse , Du Lin
Published: February 2024

When the unsaturated CIs at the CC-terminal vinyl electrophilic center react with the OC–OH moiety (TFA), a new adduct, TFAAAH, is formed, and it can act as a potential source of secondary organic aerosols (SOAs).
Electrified CO2 valorization in emerging nanotechnologies: a technical analysis of gas feedstock purity and nanomaterials in electrocatalytic and bio-electrocatalytic CO2 conversion
Authors: Jack Joshua , Weber Aidan , Bolzman Sara , McCord Stephen
Published: February 2024

This perspective illuminates the crucial need to consider gas feedstock purity and source when designing new electrified CO2 conversion nanomaterials.
Strategies to enable microsized alloy anodes for high-energy and long-life alkali-ion batteries
Authors: Daali Amine , Amine Rachid , Otieno Wilkistar , Xu Gui-Liang , Amine Khalil
Published: February 2024

In this review, challenges and strategies to enable the use of micro-sized alloy anodes for alkali-ion batteries with high energy density and long cycle life are explored.
Detrapping of the carriers from shallow states in a highly responsive, fast, broadband (UV-vis-NIR), self-powered SnSe/Si photodetector with asymmetric metal electrodes
Authors: Kumar Manoj , Rani Sanju , Gour Kuldeep Singh , Kumar Kapil , Yadav Reena , Husale Sudhir , Kumar Mahesh , Singh Vidya Nand
Published: February 2024

Bias-dependent trapping and de-trapping can be seen in the SnSe device. At low bias, voltage trapping of the carriers can be seen in the device; they start to de-trap after 500 mV bias.
AiZynth impact on medicinal chemistry practice at AstraZeneca
Authors: Shields Jason D. , Howells Rachel , Lamont Gillian , Leilei Yin , Madin Andrew , Reimann Christopher E. , Rezaei Hadi , Reuillon Tristan , Smith Bryony , Thomson Clare , Zheng Yuting , Ziegler Robert E.
Published: February 2024

The AI retrosynthesis tool AiZynth has made positive impacts on AstraZeneca drug discovery projects. This opinion provides some examples and discusses how AI retrosynthesis fits into pharmaceutical research.
“Wash-free” synthesis of cyclodextrin metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Fujita Shuhei , Kadota Kazunori , Koike Atsushi , Uchiyama Hiromasa , Tozuka Yuichi , Tanaka Shunsuke
Published: February 2024

We propose a simple and fast mechanochemical synthetic strategy to prepare highly crystalline γ-cyclodextrin-based metal–organic frameworks (solid yield 100%) and simultaneously encapsulate drugs in their porous structure.
Evidence of thickness-dependent surface-induced ferroelectricity in few-layer germanium sulfide obtained via scanning tunneling spectroscopy
Authors: Barreto Rafael R. , Ribeiro Thiago C. , Soares Gustavo H. R. , Pereira Everton , Miquita Douglas R. , Safar Gustavo A. M. , Mazzoni Mario S. C. , Malachias Angelo , Magalhaes-Paniago Rogerio
Published: February 2024

An overview of an STM tip with positive and negative biases, a schematic of the GeS polarization switching, and thickness-dependent STS curves.
Surface thermodynamics of yttrium titanate pyrochlore nanomaterials
Authors: Reece Margaret E. , Li Jiahong , Strzelecki Andrew C. , Wen Juan , Zhang Qiang , Guo Xiaofeng
Published: February 2024

Critical particle size can be determined with known surface energy. The surface enthalpy of yttrium titanate pyrochlores was determined to be 4.07 ± 0.32 J m−2 by calorimetry, and the lower limit of critical particle size for this is around 5.0 nm.
Structure-driven tuning of catalytic properties of core–shell nanostructures
Authors: Chepkasov Ilya V. , Radina Aleksandra D. , Kvashnin Alexander G.
Published: February 2024

Changes in the atomic structure of nanoparticles, core-to-shell ratio and composition lead to fine tuning of the catalytic properties.
Iron-doped nickel sulfide nanospheres anchored on reduced graphene oxide for high performance supercapacitors
Authors: Zeng Xiangqun , Yang Mengyuan , Zhao Jie , Shao Jiao-Jing , Ding Zhao
Published: February 2024

Fe doping in the NiS lattice leads to an increase in the density of states near the Fermi level and thus to improved charge storage.
Superhydrophilic–superhydrophobic integrated system based on copper mesh for continuous and efficient oil–water separation
Authors: Huang Zhaohe , Wang Zhenzhong , Wang Shiqiang , Shan Xiaowen , Yin Shumeng , Tao Bin
Published: February 2024

An integrated T-shaped oil/water separation system fabricated by copper meshes with opposite wettability was prepared in the study.
Interplay of chloride levels and palladium(ii)-catalyzed O-deallenylation bioorthogonal uncaging reactions
Authors: Dal Forno Gean M. , Latocheski Eloah , Navo Claudio D. , Albuquerque Brunno L. , St John Albert L. , Avenier Frédéric , Jiménez-Osés Gonzalo , Domingos Josiel B.
Published: February 2024

Palladium-mediated C–O bond cleavage in deallenylation shows higher rates at low chloride levels, akin to intracellular conditions, versus reduced efficiency in high chloride concentration, similar to extracellular settings.
Optimisation of the electrochemical performance of (Nd,Gd)1/3Sr2/3CoO3−δ cathode for solid oxide fuel cells via spray-pyrolysis deposition and decoration with Ag nanoparticles
Authors: Santos Paula Rosendo , Pérez-Coll Domingo , Azcondo M. Teresa , Mather Glenn C. , Muñoz-Noval Álvaro , Salas-Colera Eduardo , Amador Ulises , Boulahya Khalid , Muñoz-Gil Daniel
Published: February 2024

Improved electrochemical performance of (Nd,Gd)1/3Sr2/3CoO3−δ:Ce0.9(Gd,Nd)0.1O1.95 air electrode for SOFCs employing spray pyrolysis deposition and simultaneous decoration with Ag nanoparticles.
Enhancing the correlation betweenin vitroandin vivoexperiments in dental implant osseointegration: investigating the role of Ca ions
Authors: Romero Gavilán Francisco , Cerqueira Andreia , Anitua Eduardo , Muñoz Fernando , García Arnáez Iñaki , Azkargorta Mikel , Elortza Félix , Gurruchaga Mariló , Goñi Isabel , Suay Julio , Tejero Ricardo
Published: February 2024

This study explores the osteogenic potential of unicCa implantsviaadvanced proteomics. Enhanced cell adhesion, osteogenic functions and diminished immune response were found to correlate under bothin vitroandin vivoconditions.
A selectively bimodal flexible sensor based on IL/SWCNTs/PEDOT:PSS nanocomposites for materials and shape recognition
Authors: Yuan Shen , Tian Yuchen , Li Yue , Li Shengzhao , Fu Lei , Li Tie , Zhang Ting
Published: February 2024

Inspired by the function of human skin, a flexible tactile sensor was assembled based on the novel IL/SWCNT/PEDOT:PSS nanocomposite, which possesses the multisensory ability to independently identify pressure and temperature with no cross-coupling.
Transfer-printing of patterned PEDOT:PSS structures for bendable, stretchable and biodegradable electronics
Authors: Volkert Carla , Colucci Renan , Berger Rüdiger , Besenius Pol , Blom Paul W. M. , Kraft Ulrike
Published: February 2024

A novel technique to transfer-print variously treated PEDOT:PSS films onto stretchable substrates, including a patterning strategy and electrical and morphological analyses is presented to pave the way for advancements in stretchable electronics.
Design, synthesis, and inhibitory activity of hydroquinone ester derivatives against mushroom tyrosinase
Authors: Xie Dong , Han Kangjia , Jiang Qian , Xie Sida , Zhou Jielong , Zhang Yingjun , Xu Junming , He Yuanping , Zhao Ping , Yang Xiaoqin
Published: February 2024

Tyrosinase is a widely distributed copper-containing enzyme found in various organisms, playing a crucial role in the process of melanin production.
Solvatochromism of new tetraphenylethene luminogens: integration of aggregation-induced emission and conjugation-induced rigidity for emitting strongly in both solid and solution state
Authors: Saddik Abdelreheem A. , Mohammed Ahmed A. K. , Talloj Satish K. , Kamal El-Dean Adel M. , Younis Osama
Published: February 2024

We synthesized and characterized TPE analogs, revealing AIE and solvatochromism. Quantum calculations confirmed diverse behavior due to molecular packing and rigidity. The compounds showed biocompatibility, suggesting potential for cell imaging.
Oxidation-induced ambiphilicity triggers N–N bond formation and dinitrogen release in octahedral terminal molybdenum(v) nitrido complexes
Authors: Almquist C. Christopher , Rajeshkumar Thayalan , Jayaweera H. D. A. Chathumal , Removski Nicole , Zhou Wen , Gelfand Benjamin S. , Maron Laurent , Piers Warren E.
Published: February 2024

N–N bond formation in octahedral, terminal d1 Mo(v) nitridos to give μ-dinitrogen complexes requires one eletron oxidation with 0.5 equivalents of oxidant to open a kinetically feasible ambiphilic nitrido coupling pathway.
Combinatorial modulation to augment the all-round HER activity of a Ru–CrN catalyst
Authors: Sarkar Bidushi , Barman Barun Kumar , Parui Arko , Singh Abhishek Kumar , Nanda Karuna Kar
Published: February 2024

We demonstrate a coupling strategy to boost the activity and durability towards the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). On coupling a Volmer booster (Ru) and catalyst promoter (CrN), an electronic modulation occurs that augments the catalytic performance.
A muconic acid derivative isomeric organic–inorganic metal halide with high-temperature phase transition
Authors: Lu Yan-Zi , Qi Jun-Chao , Peng Hang , Xia Zhang-Tian , Shen Xin , Liao Wei-Qiang
Published: February 2024

(Z,Z)- and (E,E)-[BPHD]ZnCl4 are the first muconic acid derivative organic–inorganic metal halides, in which the EE-isomer exhibits a high phase transition temperature of up to 449.4 K.
Inhibition of the histone methyltransferase EZH2 induces vascular stiffness
Authors: Ibarrola Jaime , Xiang Rachel R. , Sun Zhe , Lu Qing , Hill Michael A. , Jaffe Iris Z.
Published: February 2024

Vascular stiffness increases with aging, obesity and hypertension and predicts cardiovascular risk. The levels of histone H3-lysine-27 methylation (H3K27me) and the histone methyltransferase EZH2 both decrease in aging vessels, driving vascular stiffness. The impact of EZH2 inhibitors on vascular stiffness is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that the EZH2 inhibitor GSK126, currently in development for cancer treatment, increases vascular stiffness and explored underlying molecular mechanisms. Young (3 month) and middle-aged (12 month) male mice were treated with GSK126 for 1–2 months and primary human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) from young male and female donors were treated with GSK126 for 24–48 h. Stiffness was measured in vivo by pulse wave velocity and in vitro by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and vascular structure was quantified histologically. Extracellular matrix proteins were studied by qRT-PCR, immunoblotting, zymography and chromatin immunoprecipitation. GSK126 treatment decreased H3K27 methylation (H3K27me) and increased acetylation (H3K27ac) in mouse vessels and in HASMCs. In GSK126-treated mice, aortic stiffness increased without changes in vascular fibrosis. EZH2 inhibition enhanced elastin fiber degradation and matrix metalloprotease-2 (MMP2) expression. In HASMCs, GSK126 treatment increased synthetic phenotype markers and intrinsic HASMCs stiffness by AFM with altered cytoskeletal structure and increased nuclear actin staining. GSK126 also increased MMP2 protein expression, activity and enrichment of H3K27ac at the MMP2 promoter in HASMCs. GSK126 causes vascular stiffening, inducing MMP2 activity, elastin degradation, and modulation of SMC phenotype and cytoskeletal stiffness. These findings suggest that EZH2 inhibitors used to treat cancer could negatively impact the vasculature by enhancing stiffness and merits examination in human trials.
A novel myocarditis detection combining deep reinforcement learning and an improved differential evolution algorithm
Authors: Yang Jing , Sadiq Touseef , Xiong Jiale , Awais Muhammad , Aslam Bhatti Uzair , Alizadehsani Roohallah , Gorriz Juan Manuel
Published: February 2024

Myocarditis is a serious cardiovascular ailment that can lead to severe consequences if not promptly treated. It is triggered by viral infections and presents symptoms such as chest pain and heart dysfunction. Early detection is crucial for successful treatment, and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) is a valuable tool for identifying this condition. However, the detection of myocarditis using CMR images can be challenging due to low contrast, variable noise, and the presence of multiple high CMR slices per patient. To overcome these challenges, the approach proposed incorporates advanced techniques such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs), an improved differential evolution (DE) algorithm for pre‐training, and a reinforcement learning (RL)‐based model for training. Developing this method presented a significant challenge due to the imbalanced classification of the Z‐Alizadeh Sani myocarditis dataset from Omid Hospital in Tehran. To address this, the training process is framed as a sequential decision‐making process, where the agent receives higher rewards/penalties for correctly/incorrectly classifying the minority/majority class. Additionally, the authors suggest an enhanced DE algorithm to initiate the backpropagation (BP) process, overcoming the initialisation sensitivity issue of gradient‐based methods like back‐propagation during the training phase. The effectiveness of the proposed model in diagnosing myocarditis is demonstrated through experimental results based on standard performance metrics. Overall, this method shows promise in expediting the triage of CMR images for automatic screening, facilitating early detection and successful treatment of myocarditis.
Derived dynamic scheduling for belief propagation decoding of LDPC codes
Authors: Xu Xiaotian , Zhou Hua , Zhao Jiayi
Published: February 2024

Among numerous dynamic scheduling strategies for low‐density parity‐check codes, many of them are of high complexity due to repetitive computation and ordering of belief residuals. To address these challenges, two novel approaches are proposed: the derived informed variable‐to‐check residual belief propagation and the derived variable‐node and variable‐to‐check‐edge residual belief propagation for low‐density parity‐check codes. Simulation results show that the derived dynamic scheduling exhibits a substantial gain of approximately 0.15 dB in signal‐to‐noise ratio over the non‐derived one with considerably lower decoding complexity when targeting a bit‐error rate of 10−4.
Cooperative task allocation method for multi‐unmanned aerial vehicles based on the modified genetic algorithm
Authors: Tan Yifang , Zhou Chao , Qian Feng
Published: February 2024

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) play a crucial role in various domains such as military, civil, industrial, and so on. However, the coordination and task allocation of multiple UAVs in engineering practices face numerous challenges. As the scale of battlefields expands, and the diversity of UAV missions and constraints increases, the existing task allocation methods suffer from issues such as a mismatch between theoretical models and real‐world applications, low task execution efficiency, and poor responsiveness in dynamic environments. To address these challenges, this paper proposes an improved genetic algorithm (GA)‐based approach for multi‐UAV cooperative task allocation. By collecting battlefield information, decomposing tasks, and considering UAV resource types, an optimization model for multi‐UAV cooperative task allocation is constructed. The proposed method, using an improved GA, generates a set of Pareto‐optimal task solutions for decision‐makers. Case studies demonstrate that this approach effectively enhances task execution efficiency and reduces the total flight distance cost of UAVs.
Understanding wind turbine power converter reliability under realistic wind conditions
Authors: Alsaadi Sermed , Crabtree Christopher J. , Matthews Peter C. , Shahbazi Mahmoud
Published: February 2024

The reliability of wind turbine power converters is crucial for analyzing wind energy project costs, and for estimating maintenance and downtime. The published literature in this field relies on evaluating the reliability effect of wind speed to estimate the converter lifetime. However, this paper demonstrates that wind turbulence intensity, which has not been widely considered in similar reliability analyses, shows a significant impact on converter lifetime. This paper uses 821 10‐min wind speed time series sampled at 1 Hz on the two most commonly deployed wind turbine converter topologies: the two‐level voltage source and the three‐level neutral point clamped. Electromechanical and thermal modelling, combined with statistical analysis shows that mean wind speed and turbulence intensity both impact the lifetime of both converter topologies. However, the paper estimates that the three‐level converter can operate 2.4 to 4.0 times longer than the two‐level converter depending on the operating wind speed and turbulence intensity.
Net saving improvement of capacitor banks in power distribution systems by increasing daily size switching number: A comparative result analysis by artificial intelligence
Authors: Sadeghian Omid , Safari Ashkan
Published: February 2024

This paper studies the effect of the number of switching (NOS) per day of capacitor banks on loss reduction in radial distribution systems. To this aim, the daytime (more precisely, 24 h) is divided into different numbers of time segments (equal to the same NOS) for capacitors’ size switching. The resulting non‐linear programming with discontinuous derivatives (called DNLP) model is solved subject to related constraints. The results reveal the impact of hourly switching of capacitor banks on further loss reduction (namely 118.4435, 83.7856, and 101.738 MWh for three IEEE systems) and higher net savings (i.e. k$5.6067, k$4.2772, and k$5.3542 for the same systems) of radial distribution systems compared to daily switching. Then, the hyper‐tuned Random Forest model is trained based on the IEEE 69‐bus network, fine‐tuned by the IEEE 10‐bus network, and fitted by the IEEE 33‐bus network to have an intelligent multi‐classification task with the highest accuracy. Numerical simulation, in both classic and intelligent parts, is presented to demonstrate the performance of DeepOptaCap. For the final step, DeepOptaCast is compared to other intelligent models of Light Gradient Boosting Method (LGBM), Decision Tree, and XGBoost, regarding KPIs of mean absolute percentage error, root mean squared percentage error, mean absolute error, root mean squared error, and coefficient of determination to demonstrate the model's superiority.
The influence of accretion bursts on methanol and water in massive young stellar objects
Authors: Guadarrama R. , Vorobyov E. I. , Rab Ch. , Güdel M. , Caratti o Garatti A. , Sobolev A. M.
Published: February 2024

Context. The effect of accretion bursts on massive young stellar objects (MYSOs) represents a new research field in the study of young stars and their environment. The impact of such bursts on the disk and envelope has been observed and plays the role of a “smoking gun” providing information about the properties of the burst itself.

Aims. We aim to investigate the impact of an accretion burst on massive disks with different types of envelopes and to study the effects of an accretion burst on the temperature structure and the chemistry of the disk. We focus on water and methanol as chemical species for this paper.

Methods. The thermochemical code of ProDiMo (PROtoplanetary DIsk MOdel) is used to perform simulations of high-mass protoplanetary-disk models with different types of envelopes in the presence of an accretion burst. The models in question represent different evolutionary stages of protostellar objects. We calculated and show the chemical abundances in three phases of the simulation (pre-burst, burst, and post-burst).

Results. More heavily embedded disks show higher temperatures. The impact of the accretion burst is mainly characterized by the desorption of chemical species present in the disk and envelope from the dust grains to the gas phase. When the post-burst phase starts, the sublimated species freeze out again. The degree of sublimation depends strongly on the type of envelope the disk is embedded in. An accretion burst in more massive envelopes produces stronger desorption of the chemical species. However, our models show that the timescale for the chemistry to reach the pre-burst state is independent of the type of envelope.

Conclusions. The study shows that the disk’s temperature increases with a more massive envelope enclosing it. Thus, the chemistry of MYSOs in earlier stages of their evolution reacts stronger to an accretion burst than at later stages where the envelope has lost most of its mass or has been dissipated. The study of the impact of accretion bursts could also provide helpful theoretical context to the observation of methanol masers in massive disks.
SN 2020zbf: A fast-rising hydrogen-poor superluminous supernova with strong carbon lines
Authors: Gkini A. , Lunnan R. , Schulze S. , Dessart L. , Brennan S. J. , Sollerman J. , Pessi P. J. , Nicholl M. , Yan L. , Omand C. M. B. , Kangas T. , Moore T. , Anderson J. P. , Chen T.-W. , Gonzalez E. P. , Gromadzki M. , Gutiérrez C. P. , Hiramatsu D. , Howell D. A. , Ihanec N. , Inserra C. , McCully C. , Müller-Bravo T. E. , Pellegrino C. , Pignata G. , Pursiainen M. , Young D. R.
Published: February 2024

SN 2020zbf is a hydrogen-poor superluminous supernova (SLSN) atz = 0.1947 that shows conspicuous C IIfeatures at early times, in contrast to the majority of H-poor SLSNe. Its peak magnitude isMg = −21.2 mag and its rise time (≲26.4 days from first light) places SN 2020zbf among the fastest rising type I SLSNe. We used spectra taken from ultraviolet (UV) to near-infrared wavelengths to identify spectral features. We paid particular attention to the C IIlines as they present distinctive characteristics when compared to other events. We also analyzed UV and optical photometric data and modeled the light curves considering three different powering mechanisms: radioactive decay of56Ni, magnetar spin-down, and circumstellar medium (CSM) interaction. The spectra of SN 2020zbf match the model spectra of a C-rich low-mass magnetar-powered supernova model well. This is consistent with our light curve modeling, which supports a magnetar-powered event with an ejecta massMej = 1.5 M⊙. However, we cannot discard the CSM-interaction model as it may also reproduce the observed features. The interaction with H-poor, carbon-oxygen CSM near peak light could explain the presence of C IIemission lines. A short plateau in the light curve around 35–45 days after peak, in combination with the presence of an emission line at 6580 Å, can also be interpreted as being due to a late interaction with an extended H-rich CSM. Both the magnetar and CSM-interaction models of SN 2020zbf indicate that the progenitor mass at the time of explosion is between 2 and 5M⊙. Modeling the spectral energy distribution of the host galaxy reveals a host mass of 108.7M⊙, a star formation rate of 0.24−0.12+0.41M⊙yr−1, and a metallicity of ∼0.4Z⊙.
3C 273 host galaxy with Hubble Space Telescope coronagraphy
Authors: Ren Bin B. , Fogarty Kevin , Debes John H. , Meyer Eileen T. , Mo Youbin , Mawet Dimitri , Perrin Marshall D. , Ogle Patrick M. , Sahlmann Johannes
Published: February 2024

The close-in regions of bright quasars’ host galaxies have been difficult to image due to the overwhelming light coming from quasars. With coronagraphic observations in visible light using the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) on the Hubble Space Telescope, we removed 3C 273 quasar light using color-matching reference stars. The observations revealed the host galaxy from 60″ to 0.​​″2 with nearly full angular coverage. Isophote modeling has revealed a new core jet, a core blob, and multiple smaller-scale blobs within 2.​​″5. The blobs could potentially be satellite galaxies or infalling materials towards the central quasar. Using archival STIS data, we constrained the apparent motion of its large scale jets over a 22 yr timeline. By resolving the 3C 273 host galaxy with STIS, our study validates the use of coronagraphs on extragalactic sources for obtaining new insights into the central (at ∼kpc scales) regions of quasar hosts.
Gamma-ray detection of newly discovered Ancora supernova remnant: G288.8–6.3
Authors: Burger-Scheidlin Christopher , Brose Robert , Mackey Jonathan , Filipović Miroslav D. , Goswami Pranjupriya , Guillen Enrique Mestre , de Oña Wilhelmi Emma , Sushch Iurii
Published: February 2024

Context. The supernova remnant (SNR) G288.8–6.3 was recently discovered as a faint radio shell at high Galactic latitude using observations with the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) in the Evolutionary Map of the Universe (EMU) survey.

Aims. We performed the first detailed investigation of the γ-ray emission from the G288.8–6.3 region, aiming to characterise the high-energy emission in the GeV regime from the newly discovered SNR, dubbed Ancora.

Methods. Fifteen years of Fermi-Large Area Telescope (LAT) data were analysed at energies between 400 MeV and 1 TeV, and the excess seen in the region was modelled using different spatial and spectral models.

Results. We detect spatially extended γ-ray emission coinciding with the radio SNR, with detection significance up to 8.8 σ. A radial disk spatial model in combination with a power-law spectral model with an energy flux of (4.80 ± 0.91) × 10−6 MeV cm−2 s−1, with the spectrum extending up to around 5 GeV was found to be the preferred model. Morphologically, hotspots seen above 1 GeV are well correlated with the bright western part of the radio shell. The emission is more likely to be of leptonic origin, given the estimated gas density in the region and the estimated distance and age of the SNR, but a hadronic scenario cannot be ruled out.

Conclusions. Ancora is the seventh confirmed SNR detected at high Galactic latitude with Fermi-LAT. The study of this new population of remnants can provide insights into the evolutionary aspects of SNRs and their properties, and further advance efforts of constraining the physics of particle diffusion and escape from SNRs into the Galaxy.
Optical identification and follow-up observations of SRGA J213151.5+491400
Authors: Balman Ş. , Khamitov I. , Kolbin A. , Çalışkan E. Aktekin , Bikmaev I. , Özdönmez A. , Burenin R. , Kılıç Y. , Esenoğlu H. H. , Yelkenci K. F. , Çamurdan D. Zengin , Gilfanov M. , Nasıroğlu I. , Sonbaş E. , Gabdeev M. , Irtuganov E. , Saygaç A. T. , Nikolaeva E. , Sakhibullin N. , Er H. , Sazonov N. S. S. , Medvedev P. , Güver T. , Fişek S.
Published: February 2024

Context. The paper is comprised of optical identification and multiwavelength studies of a new X-ray source discovered by the Spectrum Roentgen-Gamma (SRG) observatory during the ART-XC survey and its follow-up optical and X-ray observations.

Aims. We aim to identify SRGA J213151.5+491400 in the optical wavelengths. We determine spectra and light curves in the optical high and low states to find periodicities in the light curves and resolve emission lines in the system using optical ground-based data. We intend to study the spectral and temporal X-ray characteristics of the new source using the SRG surveys in the high and low states and NICER data in the low state.

Methods. We present optical data from telescopes in Türkiye (RTT-150 and T100 at the TÜBİTAK National Observatory) and in Russia (6-m and 1-m at SAO RAS), together with the X-ray data obtained with ART-XC and eROSITA telescopes aboard SRG and the NICER observatory. Using the optical data, we performed astrometry, photometry, spectroscopy, and power spectral analysis of the optical time series. We present optical Doppler tomography along with X-ray data analysis producing light curves and spectra.

Results. We detected SRGA J213151.5+491400 in a high state in 2020 (17.9 mag) that decreased by about 3 mag into a low state (21 mag) in 2021. We find only one significant period using optical photometric time series analysis, which reveals the white dwarf spin (orbital) period to be 0.059710(1) days (85.982 min). The long slit spectroscopy in the high state yields a power-law continuum increasing towards the blue with a prominent He II line along with the Balmer line emissions with no cyclotron humps, which is consistent with a magnetic cataclysmic variable (MCV) nature. Doppler Tomography confirms the polar nature revealing ballistic stream accretion along with magnetic stream during the high state. These characteristics show that the new source is a polar-type MCV source. ART-XC detections yield an X-ray flux of (4.0−7.0) × 10−12 erg s−1 cm−2 in the high state. eROSITA detects a dominating hot plasma component (kTmax > 21 keV in the high state) declining to (4.0−6.0) × 10−13 erg s−1 cm−2 in 2021 (low state). The NICER data obtained in the low state reveal a two-pole accretor showing a soft X-ray component at (6−7)σ significance with a blackbody temperature of 15−18 eV. A soft X-ray component has never been detected for a polar in the low state before.
The intermediate neutron capture process
Authors: Choplin A. , Siess L. , Goriely S. , Martinet S.
Published: February 2024

Context. The intermediate neutron capture process (i-process) can develop during proton ingestion events (PIE), potentially during the early stages of low-mass low-metallicity asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars.

Aims. We examine the impact of overshoot mixing on the triggering and development of i-process nucleosynthesis in AGB stars of various initial masses and metallicities.

Methods. We computed AGB stellar models, with initial masses of 1, 2, 3, and 4 M⊙ and metallicities in the −2.5 ≤ [Fe/H] ≤ 0 range, using the stellar evolution code STAREVOL with a network of 1160 nuclei coupled to the transport equations. We considered different overshooting profiles below and above the thermal pulses, and below the convective envelope.

Results. The occurrence of PIEs is found to be primarily governed by the amount of overshooting at the top of pulse (ftop) and to increase with rising ftop. For ftop = 0, 0.02, 0.04, and 0.1, we find that 0%, 6%, 24%, and 86% of our 21 AGB models with −2 < [Fe/H] < 0 experience a PIE, respectively. Variations of the overshooting parameters during a PIE leads to a scatter on abundances of 0.5 − 1 dex on elements, with 36 < Z < 56; however, this barely impacts the production of elements with 56 < Z < 80, which therefore appear to be a reliable prediction of our models. Actinides are only produced if the overshooting at the top of pulse is small enough. We also find that PIEs leave a 13C-pocket at the bottom of the pulse that can give rise to an additional radiative s-process nucleosynthesis. In the case of the 2 M⊙ models with [Fe/H] = −1 and −0.5, it produces a noticeable mixed i + s chemical signature at the surface. Finally, the chemical abundance patterns of 22 observed r/s-stars candidates (18 dwarfs or giants and 4 post-AGB) with −2 < [Fe/H] < −1 are found to be in reasonable agreement with our AGB model predictions. The binary status of the dwarfs/giants being unclear, we suggest that these stars have acquired their chemical pattern either from the mass transfer of a now-extinct AGB companion or from an early generation AGB star that polluted the natal cloud.

Conclusions. The occurrence of PIEs and the development of i-process nucleosynthesis in AGB stars remains sensitive to the overshooting parametrization. A high (yet realistic) ftop value triggers PIEs at (almost) all metallicities. The existence of r/s-stars at [Fe/H] ≃ −1 is in favour of an i-process operating in AGB stars up to this metallicity. Stricter constraints from multi-dimensional hydrodynamical models on overshoot coefficients could deliver new insights into the contribution of AGB stars to heavy elements in the Universe.
Signatures for tetraquark mixing from partial decay widths of the two light-meson nonets*
Authors: Kim Hungchong , Kim K.S.
Published: February 2024

In this talk, we present successful aspects of the tetraquark mixing model for the two light-meson nonets in the JPC = 0++ channel, the light nonet [a0(980), K*0(700), ƒ0(500), ƒ0(980)] and the heavy nonet [a0(1450), K0*(1430), ƒ0(1370), ƒ0(1500)]. In particular, we focus on how their experimental partial decay widths extracted from Particle Data Group (PDG) can support this mix ing model. Currently, the experimental data exhibit an unnatural tendency that partial widths of the light nonet are consistently larger than those of the heavy nonet. This unnatural tendency can be explained if the coupling into two pseudoscalar mesons is enhanced in the light nonet and suppressed in the heavy nonet as predicted by the tetraquark mixing model. Therefore, this could be strong evidence to support for the tetraquark mixing model.
The ф meson in nuclear matter from theory and experimental data
Authors: Gubler Philipp , Bratkovskaya Elena , Ichikawa Masaya , Song Taesoo
Published: February 2024

Abstract. We first review recent theoretical results related to the ϕ-N and ϕ-nucleus interactions. Thereafter, preliminary results of transport simulations of 12 GeV pA reactions to study the corresponding dilepton spectrum measured at the KEK E325 experiment are presented.
Medizin, die helfen soll, schmeckt nicht gut
Authors: Best Norman
Published: February 2024

„Was ist Medizin?“ und „Wer ist Mediziner?“. Wenn man
dem Internet glauben darf, dann ist der Mediziner der, der ein Hochschulstudium mit
dem Sinn absolviert, nach erfolgreichem Abschluss und weiteren Verwaltungsauflagen,
Arzt zu sein. Soweit so gut. Der Volksmund setzt Arzt mit Mediziner gleich.
Coherent acoustic phonons in a coupled hexagonal boron nitride–graphite heterostructure
Authors: Ungeheuer Arne , Bach Nora , Mir Mashood T. , Hassanien Ahmed S. , Nöding Lukas , Baumert Thomas , Schäfer Sascha , Senftleben Arne
Published: February 2024

Femtosecond optically excited coherent acoustic phonon modes (CAPs) are investigated in a free-standing van der Waals heterostructure composed of a 20-nm transparent hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) and a 42-nm opaque graphite layer. Employing ultrafast electron diffraction, which allows for the independent evaluation of strain dynamics in the constituent material layers, three different CAP modes are identified within the bilayer stack after the optical excitation of the graphite layer. An analytical model is used to discuss the creation of individual CAP modes. Furthermore, their excitation mechanisms in the heterostructure are inferred from the relative phases of these modes by comparison with a numerical linear-chain model. The results support an ultrafast heat transfer mechanism from graphite to the hBN lattice system, which is important to consider when using this material combination in devices.
Collective coherent emission of electrons in strong laser fields and perspective for hard x-ray lasers
Authors: Gelfer E. G. , Fedotov A. M. , Klimo O. , Weber S.
Published: February 2024

Coherent motion of particles in a plasma can imprint itself on radiation. The recent advent of high-power lasers—allowing the nonlinear inverse Compton-scattering regime to be reached—has opened the possibility of looking at collective effects in laser–plasma interactions. Under certain conditions, the collective interaction of many electrons with a laser pulse can generate coherent radiation in the hard x-ray regime. This perspective paper explains the limitations under which such a regime might be attained.