bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intervening to strengthen sovereignty: The lessons of the UN Intervention Brigade for global peacekeeping
Authors: Piiparinen Touko
Published: July 2015

The main significance and novelty of the Intervention Brigade established by the United Nations (UN) Security Council in March 2013 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo have previously been attributed to its robust mandate, enhanced capacities and offensive concept of operations. At the tactical, strategic and doctrinal levels of analysis, the Brigade could be considered a continuum of the robust and technological turn of UN peacekeeping, which has continued for more than a decade and is reinvigorated in the so-called new generation of peacekeeping tactics outlined in the New Horizon document. However, this article argues that the most profound significance and novelty of the Brigade reside at the underlying paradigmatic level, which has been ignored in the previous literature. The Brigade embodies not only robust capacities and mandate (peacekeeping with muscles) but also a new peacekeeping paradigm, namely, sovereignty-building (peacekeeping for body politic). The sovereignty-building paradigm is aimed at creating or strengthening the positive and negative sovereignty of the host government. The Brigade reinforces the positive sovereignty of the Congolese government by boosting its self-directive domestic and foreign policy, political will, ownership and responsibility vis-à-vis its regional peers, for example, by making its exit strategy conditional on the Congolese own Rapid Reaction Force. With regard to negative sovereignty, the Brigade contributes to the reinstatement of territorial integrity and supreme state authority by neutralising militia groups.
Comparing trust levels of male and female managers: measurement invariance of the behavioural trust inventory
Authors: Heyns Marita , Rothmann Sebastiaan
Published: July 2015

Despite the widely acknowledged need for validated trust measurement instruments and the legal obligation to ensure that psychometric tests are unbiased towards different groups in South Africa, no attempt has ever been made to address the aim of this study, which is to investigate the measurement invariance of the Behavioural Trust Inventory for managers of different genders. A cross-sectional survey with a convenience sample ( N = 539) was used. The Behavioural Trust Inventory and a biographical questionnaire were administered. The results showed that a two-factor model (consisting of reliance and disclosure) fitted the data best. Measurement invariance by gender was computed with the establishment of subsequent invariance constraints in the model parameters across groups. Configural, metric, and partial scalar invariances of the two-factor model of the Behavioural Trust Inventory were confirmed across male and female managers. One item that measures one’s willingness to share personal beliefs with a leader demonstrated a lack of scalar invariance for the female group; results for this item should therefore be treated with caution. Finally, latent factor mean analyses revealed no significant differences between male and female managers on the trust scales.
Predictive Equations Are Inaccurate in the Estimation of the Resting Energy Expenditure of Children With End‐Stage Liver Disease
Authors: Carpenter Andrea , Ng Vicky Lee , Chapman Karen , Ling Simon C. , Mouzaki Marialena
Published: July 2015

Background and Objectives: Malnutrition is common in children with end‐stage liver disease (ESLD) and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The inability to accurately estimate energy needs of these patients may contribute to their poor nutrition status. In clinical practice, predictive equations are used to calculate resting energy expenditure (cREE). The objective of this study is to assess the accuracy of commonly used equations in pediatric patients with ESLD. Methods: Retrospective study performed at the Hospital for Sick Children. Clinical, laboratory, and indirect calorimetry data from children listed for liver transplant between February 2013 and December 2014 were reviewed. Calorimetry results were compared with cREE estimated using the Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization/United Nations University (FAO/WHO/UNU), Schofield [weight], and Schofield [weight and height] equations. Results: Forty‐five patients were included in this study. The median age was 9 months, and the most common indication for transplantation was biliary atresia (64%). The Schofield [weight and height], FAO/WHO/UNU, and Schofield [weight] equations were compared with indirect calorimetry and found to have a mean (SD) difference of 48.8 (344.0), 59.3 (229.8), and 206.5 (502.6) kcal/d, respectively. The FAO/WHO/UNU, Schofield [weight], and Schofield [weight and height] equations introduced a mean error of 21%, 38%, and 76%, respectively. The FAO/WHO/UNU equation tended to underestimate, whereas the Schofield equations overestimated the REE. Conclusions: Commonly used predictive equations perform poorly in infants and young children with ESLD. Indirect calorimetry should be used when available to guide energy provision, particularly in children who are already malnourished.
Progressive Hearing Loss and Head Trauma in Enlarged Vestibular Aqueduct
Authors: Alemi A. Sean , Chan Dylan K.
Published: July 2015

Objective

Enlarged vestibular aqueduct is the most common radiographically identified cause of congenital sensorineural hearing loss and is frequently progressive. Imaging is often ordered during the workup of children with congenital sensorineural hearing loss in part to identify enlarged vestibular aqueduct given concern for progression with head trauma. However, this association has not been systematically evaluated. We aimed to determine the rate of progression and association with head trauma in individuals with enlarged vestibular aqueduct.

Data Sources

Systematic review of primary studies identified through PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science.

Review Methods

Meta‐analysis was performed on patient‐level data describing enlarged vestibular aqueduct, progressive sensorineural hearing loss, and head trauma extracted from articles identified on systematic review according to PRISMA guidelines.

Results

Twenty‐three studies (1115 ears with enlarged vestibular aqueduct) met inclusion criteria. Progressive sensorineural hearing loss was found in 39.6% of ears, with trauma‐associated progression in 12%. Limited case‐control data show no difference in the incidence of progression between patients with and without head trauma.

Conclusions

Long‐term progressive sensorineural hearing loss is common in enlarged vestibular aqueduct, but its association with head trauma is not strongly supported.
The Relationship between Intellectual Capital and Brand Equity
Authors: Gupta Meenakshi , Bhasin Jaya
Published: July 2015

Intellectual capital includes all processes and assets that are not normally shown on the balance sheet and all the intangible assets (trademarks, patents and brands) that modern accounting methods consider; it includes sum of knowledge’s of its members and practical translation of his or her knowledge. Corporate brand, on the other hand, is a valuable resource, one that provides an entity with a sustainable, competitive advantage. The present article blends the viewpoints of intellectual capital and corporate brand and suggests the measures for mining human capital to create brand equity. Indian IT sector is increasing in economic significance, but we cannot neglect the fact that since the year 2008 the IT industry on the whole is facing a very volatile and uncertain environment, with the slowdown becoming an inescapable reality. In today’s scenario IT industry is focusing on improving operational excellence, and the role of HR within organizations is undergoing a significant change as well. Organizations are realizing that they need to develop innovative ways to increase operational and workforce effectiveness that in turn would affect their brand equity. The present study will find out the how some strategic elements of IT companies and their complementarities enhance an organization’s brand equity and how some intangible elements can become the core competencies of the firm that influence the brand equity of the firm, respectively. The study shows that to improve operations and increase profits, management should continue to focus on employee education and training and maximize the professional skills and abilities of employees.
An Analysis of Barriers for the Adoption of Cloud Computing in Education Sector
Authors: Sahdev Tajinder Singh , Medudula Murali Krishna , Sagar Mahim
Published: July 2015

Cloud computing is an emerging field in information technology, aimed to have access to the IT services anytime, anywhere by authorized personnel. Having wide range of benefits for the organizations or institutes extending to diverse areas including like cost cutting, multi-tenancy, better management of business, highly automated, scalable to suite the ever-changing needs of the organizations or institutes. In the current scenario every emerging and established enterprise wants to implement cloud computing to fulfil their computing needs. If we look at the penetration of education in all regions, there is a dramatic shift from the traditional IT infrastructure offering towards cloud computing. If we go deeper it is evident that with the increase in the number of institutions offering education, cloud computing has come out as a very cost-effective solution for computing and infrastructure needs. This study is an attempt to identify and analyze the key barriers to the adoption of cloud computing in the education sector. Total interpretive structural modelling (TISM) has been used to further develop a hierarchy amongst the various key barriers to cloud adoption in the education sector. This model is intended to classify various barriers to the adoption of cloud computing and for planning of successful infusion of new technologies in the education sector.
Headache and peak oxygen uptake: The HUNT3 study
Authors: Hagen Knut , Wisløff Ulrik , Ellingsen Øyvind , Stovner Lars Jacob , Linde Mattias
Published: July 2015

Background

Evidence on the association between headache and physical fitness is conflicting. The aim of this population-based study was to examine the relationship between peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) and headache, including migraine and tension-type headache (TTH).

Methods

In the third Nord-Trøndelag Health study (HUNT3), VO2peak was measured by ergospirometry in a sample of 4631 healthy adult participants. Of these, 3899 (54% women) also answered headache questions. The cross-sectional association between headache and VO2peak was evaluated by logistic regression using a categorical approach based on quintiles. Scores in the upper quintile were used as reference.

Results

Participants age 20–50 years had significant trends of increasing prevalence of any headache ( p < 0.001), migraine ( p < 0.001), TTH ( p = 0.002) and unclassified headache ( p = 0.027) with lower VO2peak. The highest prevalence odds ratios (ORs) were found in those with VO2peak in the lower quintile: For any headache the OR was 2.3 (95% confidence interval (1.6–3.3), for TTH 1.8 (1.2–2.8), for unclassified headache 1.9 (1.1–3.8), and for migraine 3.7 (2.1–6.6). Similar results were also found among those who reported physical activity levels in accordance with current recommendations of the American College of Sports Medicine but nevertheless had low VO2peak. Being in the lowest VO2peak quintile was also strongly associated with migraine aggravated by physical activity (OR 4.1, 2.1–8.1). No significant association was found between VO2peak and headache for those 50 years or older.

Conclusions

In this large cross-sectional study, an inverse relationship was found between VO2peak and headache for adults younger than 50 years of age.
Distribution of slip regions on the fiber–matrix interface of ceramic matrix composites under arbitrary loading
Authors: Gao Xiguang , Zhang Sheng , Fang Guangwu , Song Yingdong
Published: July 2015

The distribution of slip regions on the fiber–matrix interface of unidirectional fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composites is described to simulate the constitutive behavior under arbitrary loading and unloading. The appearance and disappearance of forward and reverse slip regions are discussed and the stress distribution when there are any number of forward and reverse slip regions is also provided. The interface slipping and constitutive behavior after closure of matrix cracks under compressive loading are analyzed. Based on the distribution model of slip regions, the stress–strain response of unidirectional fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composites under arbitrary loading and unloading is calculated.
Disparate Cultural Values and Modes of Conflict Resolution in Peer Relations
Authors: Burgos-Cienfuegos Rocio , Vasquez-Salgado Yolanda , Ruedas-Gracia Nidia , Greenfield Patricia M.
Published: July 2015

We explored whether Latino first-generation college students would experience cross-cultural value conflicts as a result of the mismatch between more collectivistic values learned at home and more individualistic practices of their peers in a multiethnic college setting. Culturally structured conflict resolution styles were also explored. Participants completed a survey and thereafter engaged in a structured group discussion. Group discussions indicated that 57% of students experienced cross-cultural peer-peer value conflicts in which they had a more collectivistic approach to peer relations, while their roommates had a more individualistic approach. More positive peer relationships resulted from confrontational styles of conflict resolution (a facet of individualistic culture) than from implicit forms of communication (a facet of collectivistic culture). Peer-peer interactions are important because, upon transitioning to college, Latino students are exposed to diverse cultures that can impact their social life in higher education and therefore their college adjustment.
Plasma-activated fibrinogen coatings onto poly(vinylidene fluoride) surface for improving biocompatibility with tissues
Authors: Stoleru Elena , Baican Mihaela C , Coroaba Adina , Hitruc Gabriela E , Lungu Maria , Vasile Cornelia
Published: July 2015

CO2, N2, and N2/H2 radiofrequency plasma exposure was used for functionalization of poly(vinylidene fluoride) surface aiming the fibrinogen immobilization. Fibrinogen was immobilized onto poly(vinylidene fluoride) surface using both simple plasma activation and covalent coupling. The modified surfaces have been characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, attenuated total reflectance–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, near infrared–chemical imaging, atomic force microscopy, and wettability measurements, and the obtained materials were tested as supports for fibroblast cell cultures. The plasma type and the immobilization procedure have influenced the fibrinogen attachment onto the poly(vinylidene fluoride) surface, which was achieved mainly through amide bonds when using coupling agents. Covalent immobilization of fibrinogen onto poly(vinylidene fluoride) surface leads to a more stable protein-modified polymer surface. Non-cytotoxic plasma-based coating technology has the ability to covalently immobilize bioactive molecules for surface modification of some biomaterials that mainly could be achieved by the immobilization of proteins such as fibrinogen that triggers desirable cellular responses. The fibrinogen-modified poly(vinylidene fluoride) materials showed increased cell viability of fibroblasts. Cell viability was enhanced by plasma-activated fibrinogen coatings onto poly(vinylidene fluoride) surface, this being more significant if coating was linked further by a coupling reaction. Hence, they could be good candidates for biomedical applications.
Surface roughness improvement of cast components in vacuum moulding by intermediate barrel finishing of fused deposition modelling patterns
Authors: Singh Rupinder , Singh Manjinder
Published: July 2015

In this work, investigations have been made for surface roughness (Ra) improvement of vacuum moulding (VM) components by introducing barrel finishing (BF) on fused deposition modelling patterns at preliminary stage (i.e. before being used as master patterns). The Ra improvement will help to avoid/reduce post machining/finishing operations for green manufacturing. The VM master patterns were prepared using P-430 grade acrylonitrile butadiene styrene material on commercial fused deposition modelling setup. Further, Ra of VM master pattern prepared was improved by using BF process (as intermediate process). The controllable parameters of BF and VM process (namely, media weight, cycle time, vacuum pressure and grain size of refractory sand) were studied at three levels by using Taguchi L9 orthogonal array to explore their affects on Ra of the final cast components. The results of study suggest that media weight of BF and sand grain size of VM process contribute significantly for improving Ra.
State of Psychological Contract in India: Managing the ‘New Deal’
Authors: Agarwal Promila
Published: July 2015

The article explores the contents of psychological contract in the light of changes that has taken place in India and considering the dynamic nature of psychological contract. A shift in obligations from both sides has been observed. A multiple method approach is used involving: semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, the Delphi method and surveys. The findings reveal new contents of psychological contract. The article provides insight into how employee obligations towards employer have changed. The findings have implications for both researchers and practitioners in understanding the employee–employer relationship. The novel contents of psychological contract are identified and the article provides a framework to measure psychological contract. The significance of the emerging contents of psychological contract is discussed.
A Turnaround Specialist on the Job: The Case of MPCON
Authors: Vikas Sona
Published: July 2015

MPCON is a professionally managed technical consultancy organization promoted by Industrial Finance Corporation of India (IFCI) and several other apex financial institutions, banks and state government corporations. Established in 1979 as a premier consultancy firm in central India, it has been providing quality consulting services across the country. However, over the years, the profits of the company eroded and the company was on the verge of bankruptcy. The cash flows were also not enough to pay wages to the employees regularly. This was a hindrance even for quick project execution. There was no system of accounting and booking of income/expenditure. Surprisingly, the firm’s staff was in a zone of comfort amidst the bankruptcy and stagnation because this is the way the company had been running for the past many years and somehow they got their salary, which seemed enough for them. There were huge debts which had accumulated. Programme implementation was hugely delayed, yet income had been booked for them even without some of them having started. The scene was quite bleak when Surajit Roy took over the reins of MPCON in 2012 as Managing Director. But a clean-up specialist that he is, Roy turned the fortunes of this IFCI subsidiary. In less than two years, from a turnover of ₹ 7.22 crores in 2010–2011 to ₹ 23.22 crores in 2013–2014, the company suddenly saw a dramatic turnaround. So, how did this makeover happen? Was it his Midas touch? This case traces the tough journey of Roy and the company’s transformation under his brilliant leadership.
CO2 Emission from Fossil Fuel Consumption and Technology Intensity
Authors: Sahu Santosh K. , Narayanan K.
Published: July 2015

The contribution of this article lies in computing CO2 emission at the firm level for the Indian manufacturing sector from 2000 to 2011 and analysing the factors that explain the inter-firm variations in CO2 emission. The results indicate that there are differences in firm-level emission intensity and they, in turn, are systematically related to identifiable firm-specific characteristics. This study found size, age, energy intensity and technology intensity as the major determinants of CO2 emission of Indian manufacturing firms. In addition, capital and labour intensity of the firms are also related to the firms’ CO2 emission intensity. For a sustainable industrial development purpose, the short-run policy implications should be aimed at encouraging firms to invest more in research and development (R&D) and technology imports and in the long run, a firm should be able to adopt cleaner energy to reduce CO2 emission from the fuel consumption.
How Does it Matter to the Economy and Atmosphere in India if Production Frontier of Emission-Intensive Sectors Changes?
Authors: Deb Pal Barun
Published: July 2015

The importance of technology transfer has been acknowledged at the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in the year 2000. However, very few countries like Mexico and Philippines have done some analysis on this issue. Hence, this is a pioneer study for Indian economy. This study has adopted input–output (IO) model to simulate impact of technology transfer from relatively developed economy on India’s gross domestic product (GDP), households’ income, employment, greenhouse gas (GHG) emission and acidification. The most efficient technologies have been identified after analysing the trade-off between economic growth and GHG emissions. Result argues that it is imperative to adopt Japanese technologies of power supply, gas and water supply to unfetter opportunities of high employment, GDP growth and mitigate GHG emissions and acidification. But in the wake of border carbon tax, China’s technology for food and beverages, France’s technology for chemical products along with Japan’s technology for basic metal can be adopted to achieve comparative advantage in the world market.
Upgrading service delivery and employment conditions through indirect insertion in global value chains
Authors: Beerepoot Niels , Kumar Randhir
Published: July 2015

The study of labour in global value chains is so far largely concentrated on the workers directly involved in the sequential chain structures. Limited research has been conducted on how global value chains impact on the indirect employment that is generated through the integration of places in global value chains. This article examines how new demand for security services from international client firms in Mumbai impacts on the quality standards and job contents of security guards. Using empirical data, this article highlights the increasing differentiation in terms of job contents and benefits for security guards. The emergence of new clients for security services has increased the need for trained, educated personnel to handle multiple, and sophisticated tasks leading to these jobs being better paid and more skilled. Indirect insertion in global value chains leads to upgrading of low-end support services, but do not offer new opportunities to those who are traditionally involved in these services.
Evaluation of the Utility of a Transition Workbook in Preparing Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Survivors for Transition to Adult Services
Authors: Bashore Lisa , Bender Joyce
Published: July 2015

Transition to adult care for adolescent and young adult survivors is challenging and is inclusive of several factors like knowledge and developmental, emotional, and social status of survivors and parents. This pilot study addressed the feasibility of a transition workbook, a method of preparing adolescent and young adults to transition to adult care. Using a mixed methods design, investigators also measured transition worry and readiness in 30 survivors. Support was provided throughout a 6-month period as survivors and parents completed the workbook. The workbook included sections about the treatment history of survivors, when and who to call for worrisome symptoms, prescriptions and insurance, educational goals for health practices and how to get there, and independent living. Twenty survivors completed the study and reported greater worry about leaving pediatric oncology but indicated the need to make changes to transition to adult care. Ambiguity and intimidation about transitioning to adult providers and comfort in pediatric setting were themes expressed by survivors. Results indicate the need for adult/pediatric collaborative transition programs using various standardized methods of addressing transition readiness and evaluation.
Tanis Bryan
Authors: Curtis Mary G.
Published: July 2015

Dr. Tanis Bryan graduated from Northwestern University during the beginning of the field of learning disabilities. From this beginning, Tanis has provided invaluable insight into the field through her desire to understand the social dimensions of learning disabilities. The author wishes to thank Tanis for her assistance with this interview.
Exploring Diabetic Foot Exam Performance in a Specialty Clinic
Authors: Pocuis Jesse , Li Sam Man-Hoi , Janci Mary M. , Thompson Hilaire J.
Published: July 2015

Detection of diabetic foot complications is key to amputation prevention. This study used survey and retrospective record review to examine the relationship between frequency and performance of clinician’s diabetic foot examinations on performance of patient home self-foot examinations. An additional aim was to assess clinician performance of annual foot examination per American Diabetes Association (ADA) guidelines in a specialty clinic. The relationships between demographic characteristics, diabetic foot ulcer beliefs, health literacy, HbA1c level, and foot self-exam performance was also examined. No relationship was found between the performance frequency of foot examinations by providers and patient self-examination ( N = 88). The presence of specific barriers to self-management was significantly higher in those patients who did not complete daily home self-foot examinations. Only 16% of patients’ charts reviewed met the ADA criteria for a complete annual foot exam. Motivational interviewing during patient visits could be a strategy to break down barriers to self-foot exam performance. Furthermore, the development of an Electronic Medical Record (EMR)–based diabetic foot exam template to improve provider documentation may improve compliance with ADA recommendations.
Public Things
Authors: Honig Bonnie
Published: July 2015

What if democracy postulates not just a demos and the other things on which democratic theory these days focuses (constitutions, clear territorial boundaries, proper procedures, commitment to formal or substantive equality) but also public things, shared common things, over which to argue, around which to gather? Such things require communal attention, public commitment, and collective maintenance. And they return the favor by lending to us some of their objectivity: that is to say, interacting with public things grants to democratic subjects some of those things’ durability and resilience. This insight is drawn from D. W. Winnicott’s object-relations theory in which the idea of a “holding environment” is key. This essay, develops new readings of Lear’s Radical Hope and von Trier’s Melancholia from a “public things” perspective and argues that new narrations of democratic maturation are needed to counter recent efforts to infantilize the democratic need for public things. Tocqueville and Hannah Arendt are drawn upon as well in this analysis of the complex politics of collaboration and privatization in the context of the theft of native lands and the catastrophe of climate change.
Free vibration analysis of viscously damped sectorial and annular sectorial membranes
Authors: Kang Jae-Hoon
Published: July 2015

In the present paper, viscously damped free vibrations of sectorial and annular sectorial membranes are investigated. Instead of undamped natural frequencies which are typically computed and applied in the free vibrations, viscously damped natural frequencies are done. The viscously damped natural frequency equation and the critical viscous damping equation are exactly derived. In the viscously damped free vibration, effects of viscous damping on natural frequencies are also studied.
Framing of the Immigration Reform in 2006
Authors: Chang Yu-li
Published: July 2015

This content analysis examined how the U.S. newspaper editorials framed the immigration reform in 2006 and what community characteristics—structural pluralism, Hispanic ethnic identity, partisanship, and religion—might have affected their frames. The results showed that editorials in communities that were more structurally or ethnically pluralistic and less politically or religiously conservative were more likely to support granting citizenship to illegal immigrants. The more structurally or ethnically pluralistic the community, the more likely its editorials perceived illegal immigrants as “beneficial” to the country. The more religiously or politically conservative the community, the more likely its editorials perceived illegal immigrants as “harmful.”
Balancing wedge action in textured converging bearings
Authors: Yagi Kazuyuki , Sugimura Joichi
Published: July 2015

This study investigates a hydrodynamic lubrication mechanism of textured surfaces, termed “balancing wedge action”, found in pivoted pad bearings. The analytical model is a one-dimensional pivoted pad bearing having a single dimple on the pad and considers the equilibrium of the moment applied to the surfaces. The results show that incorporation of a dimple on the pad surface changes the convergence ratio, improving the load capacity without negative pressure. The trends of load and friction in terms of the dimple depth and location are complex depending on the pivot position. The dimple locations at the outlet side, center, and inlet could improve tribological performance.
Measuring social integration among residents in a dementia special care unit versus traditional nursing home: A pilot study
Authors: Abbott Katherine M , Sefcik Justine S , Van Haitsma Kimberly
Published: July 2015

The physical and mental health of older adults with dementia is affected by levels of social integration. The development of dementia special care units (D-SCU) arose, in part, to facilitate more meaningful social interactions among residents implying greater social integration of D-SCU residents as compared to residents in a traditional nursing home (TNH). But, it is unknown whether D-SCU residents are receiving equal or greater benefits from living on a segregated unit intended to enhance their social environment and integration through both design and staff involvement. The purpose of this study was to pilot test a comprehensive objective assessment to measure social integration among nursing home residents with dementia and to compare levels of integration of residents living on a D-SCU to those living in a TNH. A total of 29 residents participated (15 D-SCU and 14 TNH) and data were gathered from medical charts, visitor logs, and through direct observations. Over 1700 interactions were recorded during 143 h of observation. Specifically, the location, context, type, quantity, and quality of residents’ interactions were recorded. Overall, the majority of resident interactions were verbal and initiated by staff. Interactions were social in context, and occurred in public areas, such as the common room with a large screen TV. Average interactions lasted less than 1 min and did not change the resident’s affect. Residents spent between 10% and 17% of their time interacting with other people on average. D-SCU staff were significantly more likely to initiate interactions with residents than TNH staff. D-SCU residents also experienced more interactions in the afternoons and expressed more pleasure and anxiety than residents in the TNH. This study helps to lay the groundwork necessary to comprehensively and objectively measure social integration among people with dementia in order to evaluate care environments.
Are they guilty of their parental behavior? Parenting forms constructed in termination of parental rights court cases
Authors: Ben-David Vered
Published: July 2015

The study examines forms of parenting constructed in Israeli termination of parental rights (TPR) cases, and the processes involved in their construction, based on a qualitative thematic analysis of 130 TPR cases. The study hypothesized that, due to lack of clearly-defined evaluation criteria, judges and professionals engage in social constructions of reality processes related to the child–parent relationship. The analysis indicated that, through constructions of non-normative parenting, biological parents are depicted, in court, not only as dysfunctional and parentally unfit but also as “guilty.” Four categories of such parenting were identified: impaired, “failed,” dangerous and harmful. The perception of guilt resulted from the courts' attribution of parental behavior to pathological psychological factors, while ignoring contextual factors such as poverty and stress. The study discusses how negative views of parenting impact on legal decisions aimed at serving the child's best interests and consequent implications for social work and legal practices.
The Nature of Instrumentality and Expressiveness of Homicide Crime Scene Behaviors
Authors: Adjorlolo Samuel , Chan Heng Choon (Oliver)
Published: July 2015

Homicide offender typologies developed based on crime scene behaviors have practical utility for scholarly and criminal investigative endeavors. Hence, there has been an increasing interest to develop empirical and testable offender typologies. Specifically, the present study offers a review of the instrumental/expressive offender dichotomy, which is developed primarily based on the analysis of (nonsexual) homicide crime scene behaviors. The validity of the instrumental/expressive dichotomy of homicide offenders have been supported by various studies that sampled population from different countries. In addition, the extant literature indicates that the instrumental and expressive categories could further be expressed in different subthemes or dimensions. Implications for practice in the aspect of suspect prioritization as well as for research are discussed.
A Single-Site Retrospective, Nonrandomized Study of Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation Brachytherapy for Early-Stage Breast Cancer Treatment to Evaluate Local Tumor Control, Cosmetic Outcome, and Toxicities
Authors: Shah Shalin , Holzwanger Erik , Khwaja Radhika , Fang Deborah , Figueroa-Bodine Jazmin , Iannuzzi Christopher , Shi Chengyu
Published: July 2015

Purpose:

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the accelerated partial breast irradiation brachytherapy with a combination of applicators at a community hospital cancer center.

Methods and Materials:

Between 2005 and 2009, 120 patients with early-stage breast cancer were being followed after treatment with accelerated partial breast irradiation brachytherapy using MammoSite, single or multilumen balloon, or Contura multilumen balloon. After their lumpectomy surgery, each patient was treated with Ir-192 high-dose rate unit following radiation therapy oncology group 0413 guidelines. The patients had multiple follow-ups at 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, 3 years, or more.

Results:

Based on the Harvard Breast Cosmesis Scale, 95.00% of patients described their cosmetic evaluation as the treated breast essentially the same as the opposite side (excellent) or minimal but identifiable effects were noticed from radiation (good). After a median follow-up of 36 months, the local recurrence rate was 1.66% and a disease-free survival is 98.3%. Forty-two patients reported 85 adverse events, which were fibrosis: 24.70%, hyperpigmentation: 20.00%, radiation skin reaction: 7.05%, seroma: 7.05%, breast pain: 7.05%, erythema: 5.88%, and other events were less than 5.00%. Of all the adverse events recorded, grade 1 to 3 events are 95.29% (n = 81), 2.35% (n = 2), and 2.35% (n = 2). There was no grade 4 or 5 events recorded.

Conclusions:

Our study has shown promising results for delivering radiation with MammoSite, single or multilumen balloon, or Contura multilumen balloon and has been successful in achieving local control in patients with early-stage breast cancer.
Cyber-attack and defense simulation framework
Authors: Bergin Dennis Lee
Published: July 2015

Various papers on cyberwarfare in virtual environments and cybersecurity in intelligent systems have been published. Work has focused on the integration of cyberwarfare communication effects into a live–virtual–constructive (LVC) environment in order to better represent a network centric battlespace subject to cyber-attack, at a large force level. In addition, virtual cyber ranges have been developed. A virtual cyber range is a portable modeling and simulation framework that provides a real-time, hardware-in-the-loop capability for simulation of cyber threats to the entire net-centric infrastructure. The framework enables interoperability with LVC simulations, providing training and assessment of human-in-the-loop performance. This work builds on previous work and shows the need for a framework to support the modeling and simulation of cyber-attack and defense for training and assessment. This work does focus on cybersecurity for wireless communications, but the focus is on large network-centric systems at force level. Furthermore, there are published descriptions of research focused on the use of multi-agent systems in vehicle-to-vehicle communication and autonomous driving systems, such as Google’s driverless car. While the vehicles are commercial by nature, there are many similarities to military autonomous vehicles (MAVs), in their system components and architecture as well as the cybersecurity threats that they face. While these works are related to the work presented in this paper, with their focus on synthetic environments and commercial autonomous systems, they are not closely related. The focus of this paper is on small point to point and point to multipoint wireless networks, comprised of only a few nodes, with the nodes representing MAVs and controllers. The US Army, Air Force, and Navy are continuing to increase their use of these systems, and are now focusing on cybersecurity. Due to the lagging focus on wireless networks and autonomous vehicles, there is not much published work that is related. Current unmanned systems were not built with cybersecurity considerations taken into account, and are thus vulnerable to cyber-attack. The objective of this paper is to present and describe the need for a cyber-attack and defense simulation framework to support the modeling and simulation for cybersecurity of autonomous vehicle systems used by US Armed Forces. These autonomous vehicle systems include unmanned aerial systems and unmanned ground systems. The paper describes a notional framework to support this type of modeling, as well as a detailed use case and example cyber-attack simulation system.
Erectile Dysfunction: A Review of Historical Treatments With a Focus on the Development of the Inflatable Penile Prosthesis
Authors: Gurtner Kristen , Saltzman Amanda , Hebert Kristi , Laborde Eric
Published: July 2015

Erectile dysfunction has been a concern for men since the beginning of written history. For many men it can lead to severe psychological distress and humiliation. The treatment of erectile dysfunction has advanced significantly over the past 200 years. Men today are presented with many more viable therapy options leading to improved efficacy and more satisfactory sex lives. The objective of this article is to explore historical options for the treatment of erectile dysfunction, with particular emphasis on the development and progression of the inflatable penile prosthesis.
Beyond Cognition: Understanding Affective Impairments in Korsakoff Syndrome
Authors: Brion Mélanie , D’Hondt Fabien , Davidoff Donald A. , Maurage Pierre
Published: July 2015

As earlier research on Korsakoff syndrome (KS), a frequent neurological complication of alcohol-dependence (AD), mainly focused on cognition, affective impairments have been little investigated despite their crucial impact in AD. This article proposes new research avenues on this topic by combining two theoretical frameworks: (a) dual-process models, positing that addictions are due to an imbalance between underactivated reflective system and overactivated affective-automatic one; (b) continuity theory, postulating a gradual worsening of cognitive impairments from AD to KS. We suggest that this joint perspective may renew the current knowledge by clarifying the affective-automatic deficits in KS and their interactions with reflective impairments, but also by offering a direct exploration of the continuity between AD and KS regarding reflective and affective-automatic abilities.
Examining risk factors for hypertension in Ghana: evidence from the Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health
Authors: Tenkorang Eric Y. , Kuuire Vincent , Luginaah Isaac , Banchani Emmanuel
Published: July 2015

Like most countries in sub-Saharan Africa, hypertension contributes substantially to morbidity and mortality in Ghana, yet nationally representative studies that examine the odds of becoming hypertensive among Ghanaians are conspicuously missing. We aimed to fill this void in the literature. The data used for analysis came from the first wave of the Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE), collected in Ghana from January 2007 to December 2008 by the World Health Organization (WHO). A total of 5573 respondents were sampled for the study. Random-effects C-log-log models were employed in examining socio-economic, lifestyle and psychosocial factors on the odds of becoming hypertensive in Ghana. Separate models were run for male and females. Results indicated there were strong significant associations between socio-economic, lifestyle and psychosocial factors on the likelihood of becoming hypertensive, among Ghanaian men and women. Compared with the poorest, Ghanaians from wealthy households were significantly more likely to be hypertensive. Educated women, as compared with the uneducated, were also more likely to be hypertensive. Ghanaians who engaged in vigorous or intensive activities continuously, for at least 10 minutes, were significantly less likely to be hypertensive, compared to those who did not. Happier men had lower odds of becoming hypertensive, and depressed women had increased odds of reporting they were hypertensive.
Shades of Mediatization
Authors: Magin Melanie
Published: July 2015

This study investigates mediatization of campaign coverage of German and Austrian elite newspapers from 1949 to 2009. With a cross-national perspective on a sixty-year time span, it is well suited to examine the long-term development of mediatization. It focuses on news media logic and its components that have not been satisfyingly investigated by empirical research yet. In Step 1, the study empirically identifies three components of media logic: partisanship, personalization, and detachment from policy. In Step 2, it presents evidence that these components are largely invariant between the two countries, seven newspapers, and four time intervals investigated, pointing to the institutional nature of media logic. In Step 3, it shows that the components have developed erratically over time, which contests the idea of mediatization as an incessant, general process. Altogether, the results call for a more nuanced picture of mediatization and a systematic examination of factors interrupting, reverting, or accelerating its long-term development.
Enduring Gender Bias in Reporting on Political Elite Positions
Authors: Hooghe Marc , Jacobs Laura , Claes Ellen
Published: July 2015

In Belgium, like in numerous other democracies, the representation of women in parliament has risen sharply in recent decades, partly because of gender quota legislation. This rapid evolution implies that traditional notions on the presence of gender bias in media reporting need to be re-assessed. Relying on data from more than six thousand full newscasts, we examine the allotted speaking time to members of parliament (MPs) from 2003 until 2011 in the two main television news broadcasts in the Dutch-speaking region of Belgium. Multilevel regression analyses were conducted to determine which factors influence the probability and volume of television news coverage of MPs. The results indicate that—even controlling for alternative explanations—news media persist in a biased treatment of female MPs: Female MPs are significantly less likely to be allotted speaking time, and they receive less speaking time than their male colleagues. Moreover, results show that this gap in media coverage is present especially for elite and thus newsworthy positions. Apparently, gender bias in the media persists, even when the political system evolves rapidly toward equal representation.
Teachers’ Shared Expertise at a Multidisciplinary University of Applied Sciences
Authors: Salonen Arto O. , Savander-Ranne Carina
Published: July 2015

Shared expertise, team teaching, and cooperation among lecturers from different fields have become more and more important in promoting learning and achieving more innovative learning outcomes in multidisciplinary universities. To increase and improve sharing expertise between teachers from different faculties and disciplines, we wanted, on one hand, to identify skills and competences that teachers have in common and, on the other hand, to find areas in which they identify that they need complementation. As a framework for this research, we applied Lee Shulman’s (1986) seven categories of teachers’ knowledge base including the theory of pedagogical content knowledge (PCK). The data were collected by group discussions. The teachers ( N = 22) represented all seven faculties of Helsinki Metropolia University of Applied Sciences (UAS), that is, Business School, Civil Engineering and Building Services, Culture and Creative Industries, Health Care and Nursing, School of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Industrial Engineering, and Welfare and Human Functioning. The data were analyzed using theory-based content analysis. According to our data, the mutual core competence of a teacher is the capacity to interact effectively. It is a basis for shared expertise. Interaction skills are necessary in collaborative construction of knowledge as students, teachers of different fields, and their partners inside and outside the organization co-operate. Multidisciplinary co-operation among colleagues also helps to maintain subject matter knowledge, as it supports peer learning and encourages everyone to move out of their comfort zones.
Validation of the Child Abuse Potential Inventory in Italy
Authors: Miragoli Sarah , Camisasca Elena , Blasio Paola Di
Published: July 2015

The aim of this study was to provide preliminary findings on the reliability and the validity of the Italian Child Abuse Potential (CAP) Inventory, a screening tool that measures parents’ potential for child physical abuse. The CAP Inventory and measures on parenting stress (Parenting Stress Index–Short Form [PSI-SF]) and parents’ perceptions of child adjustment (Child Behavior Checklist [CBCL]) were administered in a nonclinical sample of Italian parents ( N = 551) with a 2- to 6-year-old child. The Abuse scale showed adequate internal consistency (α = .87), with significantly negative correlations between socioeconomic status and educational level of the parents. Also, the Abuse scale scores were significantly predicted by high levels of parenting stress and by parental negative perceptions of the child’s behavior. Finally, using a cut score for the English version of the Abuse scale (where 95% of parents would be expected to be classified), 93.8% of Italian parents were classified as nonabusive by the Abuse scale. These results supported the cross-cultural generalizability of the Abuse scale. However, complementary studies with abusive samples are needed to verify the ability of the instrument to discriminate between abusive and nonabusive parents also in the Italian population.