bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trends in the prevalence and management of diabetes in Korea: 2007-2017
Authors: Shin Ji-Yeon
Published: July 2019

OBJECTIVES: This study analyzed Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 2007 to 2017 to assess trends in the prevalence, treatment, and control of diabetes in Korean adults ≥30 years of age.METHODS: Prevalent diabetes was defined as a fasting plasma glucose level ≥126 mg/dL, self-reported use of anti-diabetic treatment (insulin or oral anti-diabetic drugs), or diabetes diagnosis by a physician. Target levels were defined as glycosylated hemoglobin <6.5% or <7.0%, blood pressure <130/80 mmHg, and total cholesterol <200 mg/dL. All survey waves were age-standardized to the 2005 Korean census population.RESULTS: Diabetes prevalence increased from 9.6% in 2007-2009 to 10.8% in 2016-2017 (p<0.001). Impaired fasting glucose prevalence significantly increased in both genders and almost every age group. Diabetes awareness and glycemic control did not show an increasing trend; however, the treatment rate and proportion of people diagnosed with diabetes achieving target blood pressure and total cholesterol levels improved from 57.2% to 63.5% (p=0.008), from 41.1% to 53.2% (p<0.001), and from 65.0% to 78.0% (p<0.001), respectively.CONCLUSIONS: From 2007 to 2017, the prevalence of diabetes increased moderately in Korea, whereas the diabetes treatment rate and the proportion of people diagnosed with diabetes achieving target blood pressure and total cholesterol levels improved. However, awareness of diabetes and glycemic control require significant improvements. A national-level action plan is required to raise awareness about diabetes and prediabetes, with the goal of improving glycemic control and minimizing the occurrence of adverse health outcomes.
Meta-analysis of the prevalence of depression among breast cancer survivors in Iran: an urgent need for community supportive care programs
Authors: Ahmadi Gharaei Hassan , Dianatinasab Mostafa , Kouhestani Seyyed Mostafa , Fararouei Mohammad , Moameri Hossein , Pakzad Reza , Ghaiasvand Reza
Published: July 2019

OBJECTIVES: Depression, which is the most common comorbidity in breast cancer (BC) patients, has adverse effects on patients’ quality of life, disease progress, and survival.METHODS: The protocol of this study was registered in PROSPERO (registration No. CRD42019121494). We electronically searched published studies through January 2019 with the aim of finding articles that investigated the prevalence of depression among BC survivors. Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed/MEDLINE, Science Direct, and Google Scholar were searched to obtain relevant published studies. This review included 14 cross-sectional and 4 cohort studies published from 2000 to 2018. We used a random-effects model to conduct the meta-analysis and generated a summary estimate for the pooled prevalence with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A subgroup analysis was also conducted based on the depression assessment tool used and the study design.RESULTS: The total sample size of the studies contained 2,799 women with BC, including 1,228 women who were diagnosed with depression. The pooled prevalence of depression among Iranian women with BC was 46.83% (95% CI, 33.77 to 59.88) with significant heterogeneity (I2 =98.5%; p<0.001). The prevalence of depression ranged from 14.00% (95% CI, 4.91 to 23.09) to 95.90% (95% CI, 91.97 to 99.83). The results of the subgroup analyses suggested that the depression assessment tool, year of publication, and study design were sources of heterogeneity.CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate a high prevalence of depression among BC patients, underscoring the urgent need for clinicians and health authorities to provide well-defined social and psychological supportive care programs for these patients.
Design of the UX Laboratory for the Department of Communications
Authors: Fabus Juraj , Fabusova Viktoria
Published: July 2019

The aim of this paper is to design a laboratory suitable for UX (User eXperience) testing. The theoretical part identifies basic problems when designing products from a customer perspective. The analytical part consists of the research of the existing UX laboratories in the world as well as the possibilities of using such a laboratory in the activities of the Department of Communications or the whole faculty. In the case of the Department of Communication, which is part of the Žilina University in Žilina, the possibilities of using UX laboratories are different, for example: improving the learning process, providing modern and interesting education, helping to create student presentations, websites and its design, work on research and scientific projects, training of marketing methods. We are discussing these options in detail in this paper. The UX Laboratory can also be used to support scientific and research tasks. In the design part, a laboratory is designed both technically and economically in the environment of the Department of Communications.
Development of a procrastination scale in Spanish and measurement of students’ procrastination tendencies
Authors: González-Geraldo José Luis , Hernández Fuensanta Monroy
Published: July 2019

Academic procrastination (students’ tendency to postpone and/or avoid an  academic task) is a widely extended phenomenon in education, especially among university students. However, there is still little research on this topic and no single validated and widely accepted instrument to measure procrastination levels at university level in Spain has been developed yet. This study aimed to cover this gap and develop a procrastionation scale adapted from two existing instruments and to measure the procrastination tendencies of a sample of 529 students from two different universities. The results showed that the Escala de Procrastinación Académica en español (EPAE) has excellent reliability (a = .929). In addition, over 17% of the sample reported high procrastination levels. Although further research is needed, this preliminary study sheds light on this topic and contributes to the development of a measurement instrument that may be used to monitor student learning and identify, among other issues, students at risk of dropout
‘Centering’ Teaching Excellence in Higher Education
Authors: Lane Diarmaid
Published: July 2019

This paper explores the complexity of ‘teaching excellence’ (Kreber, 2002) in contemporary higher education. It describes how a university academic, who has been the recipient of numerous teaching awards, questions if they really are an ‘excellent teacher’ and if their student-centered philosophy is sustainable.  An analysis of data related to teaching and learning effectiveness over a seven year period highlights a significant weakness in how the academic approached the teaching of undergraduate students.  This had a subsequent negative effect on several levels.  The paper concludes by describing the merits of academics ‘centering’ themselves between the corporate university and the needs of students in striving for ‘teaching excellence’.
Dual-evaluation with formative peer-assessment by rubrics: A teaching experience in Business and Economics studies
Authors: Robles M-Dolores , Abad Pilar
Published: July 2019

This paper shows the implementation of a learning experience based on formative peer feedback. The experience consists in the grading of an individual assignment using a dual-evaluation with peer’s assessments method using rubrics. We develop this experience in a variety of subjects corresponding to three different Bachelor’s degrees related to Business and Economics and gather the student’s reflections about how this learning experience has influenced the acquisition and development of a set of generic competencies. Overall, students value positively the experience. In general, they consider that the ability to evaluate and maintain the quality of work produced and the determination and perseverance in the tasks given and responsibilities taken are the competencies most developed with this learning experience. This opinion is pervasive across the different characteristics of the students. Considering the kind of task, the ability to identify, pose and resolve problems is the competency most developed for the students that solve a practical exercise.
The African Continental Free Trade Agreement
Authors: Abrego Lisandro , Amado Maria Alejandra , Gursoy Tunc , Nicholls Garth , Perez-Saiz Hector
Published: July 2019

In March 2018, representatives of member countries of the African Union signed the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) agreement. This agreement provides a framework for trade liberalization in goods and services and is expected to eventually cover all African countries. Using a multi-country, multi-sector general equilibrium model based on Costinot and Rodriguez-Clare (2014), we estimate the welfare effects of the AfCFTA for 45 countries in Africa. Three different model specifications—comprising both perfect competition and monopolistic competition—are used. Simulations include full elimination of import tariffs and partial but substantial reduction in non-tariff barriers (NTBs). Results reveal significant potential welfare gains from trade liberalization in Africa. As intra-regional import tariffs in the continent are already low, the bulk of these gains come from lowering NTBs. Overall gains for the continent are broadly similar under the three model specifications used, with considerable variation of potential welfare gains across countries in all model structures.
Botswana
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Statistics Dept.
Published: July 2019

A technical assistance (TA) mission was conducted by IMF’s Regional Technical Assistance Center for Southern Africa (AFS)1 during February 25–March 8, 2019 to assist Statistics Botswana (SB) improve the quality of the national accounts statistics. This was the first mission on national accounts conducted by AFS to SB since January 2015. Reliable national accounts are essential for informed economic policy-making by the authorities. They also provide the private sector, foreign investors, rating agencies, donors and the public in general with important inputs in their decision-making, while informing economic analysis and IMF surveillance. Rebasing the national accounts is recommended every five years. They require comprehensive surveys and ideally, Supply and Use tables (SUTs) to support coherence checking of data.
A Strategy for IMF Engagement on Social Spending
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept.,   International Monetary Fund. Strategy, Policy, &,   Review Department
Published: July 2019

This Supplement presents an account of the extensive consultations and the results of various analyses that supported the development of “A Strategy for IMF Engagement on Social Spending.”
A Strategy for IMF Engagement on Social Spending
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept.,   International Monetary Fund. Strategy, Policy, &,   Review Department
Published: July 2019

This paper uses case studies to explore the nature and extent of past IMF engagement on social spending issues and to draw lessons for future engagement.
Botswana
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Statistics Dept.
Published: July 2019

A technical assistance (TA) mission was conducted by AFRITAC South (AFS)1 during February 4–15, 2019 in response to a request from Statistics Botswana (SB) to assist with updating the consumer price index (CPI) and to review progress with the development of the producer price index (PPI). A previous mission to assist with developing PPIs was held in April–May 2018. A broad range of representative price indexes are essential in understanding inflationary pressure in the economy and to better-inform economic policy making by the authorities. An updated CPI more broadly reflects current consumption patterns of households in Botswana and meets the requirements of the Southern Africa Development Community. National accounts have expressed the need for PPIs to develop more reliable volume estimates of economic growth for Botswana.
Norway
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
Published: July 2019

While many advanced economies are experiencing slower growth, Norway’s output has continued to expand strongly, helped by a robust labor market, positive terms of trade, and some competitiveness gains. Core inflation has picked up to close to 2¼ percent. Residential house price growth has softened significantly but prices remain overvalued, and household debt continues to rise. Commercial real estate risks are also intensifying and combine with mounting external risks to cloud the outlook. The Christian Democrats have recently joined Prime Minister Solberg’s governing coalition, which now enjoys a majority in parliament.
New Zealand
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Statistics Dept.
Published: July 2019

At the request of the Reserve Bank of New Zealand (RBNZ), and with the support of the IMF’s Asia & Pacific Department (APD), a monetary and financial statistics
(MFS) technical assistance (TA) mission visited Wellington, New Zealand during
October 1–12, 2018.1 The mission’s main objectives were to assist the RBNZ to: (i) complete the central bank Standardized Report Form (SRF 1SR); (ii) review the source data and bridge table used to produce Other Depository Corporations (ODCs) Standardized Report Form (SRF 2SR);(iii) assist the RBNZ to produce additional historical data in the SRFs 1SR and 2SR for the past five years; (iv) review the available source data for the compilation the Other Financial Corporations (OFCs) Standardized Report Form (SRF 4SR); (v) prepare metadata for the central bank, ODC, and OFC surveys; and (vi) agree on a timetable for RBNZ’s SRF-reporting of its MFS.
Impact of particle number and mass size distributions of major chemical components on particle mass scattering efficiency in urban Guangzhou in southern China
Authors: Tao Jun , Zhang Zhisheng , Wu Yunfei , Zhang Leiming , Wu Zhijun , Cheng Peng , Li Mei , Chen Laiguo , Zhang Renjian , Cao Junji
Published: July 2019

Abstract. To grasp the key factors affecting particle mass
scattering efficiency (MSE), particle mass and number size distribution,
PM2.5 and PM10 and their major chemical compositions, and the particle
scattering coefficient (bsp) under dry conditions were measured at an
urban site in Guangzhou, southern China, during 2015–2016. On an annual average,
10±2 %, 48±7 % and 42±8 % of PM10 mass were
in the condensation, droplet and coarse modes, respectively, with mass mean
aerodynamic diameters (MMADs) of 0.78±0.07 in the droplet mode and
4.57±0.42 µm in the coarse mode. The identified chemical
species mass concentrations can explain 79±3 %, 82±6 % and 57±6 % of the total particle mass in the condensation, droplet and coarse mode, respectively. Organic matter (OM) and elemental carbon (EC) in the condensation mode, OM, (NH4)2SO4, NH4NO3, and crustal element oxides in the droplet mode, and crustal element oxides, OM, and CaSO4 in the coarse mode, were the dominant chemical species in their respective modes. The measured bsp can be reconstructed to the
level of 91±10 % using Mie theory with input of the estimated
chemically resolved number concentrations of NaCl, NaNO3,
Na2SO4, NH4NO3, (NH4)2SO4,
K2SO4, CaSO4, Ca(NO3)2, OM, EC, crustal element
oxides and unidentified fraction. MSEs of particle and individual chemical
species were underestimated by less than 13 % in any season based on the estimated bsp and chemical species mass concentrations. Seasonal
average MSEs varied in the range of 3.5±0.1 to 3.9±0.2 m2 g−1 for fine particles (aerodynamic diameter smaller than 2.1 µm),
which was mainly caused by seasonal variations in the mass fractions and
MSEs of the dominant chemical species (OM, NH4NO3,
(NH4)2SO4) in the droplet mode. MSEs of the dominant chemical
species were determined by their lognormal size-distribution parameters,
including MMADs and standard deviation (σ) in the droplet mode.
Aerosol influences on low-level clouds in the West African monsoon
Authors: Taylor Jonathan W. , Haslett Sophie L. , Bower Keith , Flynn Michael , Crawford Ian , Dorsey James , Choularton Tom , Connolly Paul J. , Hahn Valerian , Voigt Christiane , Sauer Daniel , Dupuy Régis , Brito Joel , Schwarzenboeck Alfons , Bourriane Thierry , Denjean Cyrielle , Rosenberg Phil , Flamant Cyrille , Lee James D. , Vaughan Adam R. , Hill Peter G. , Brooks Barbara , Catoire Valéry , Knippertz Peter , Coe Hugh
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Low-level clouds (LLCs) cover a wide area of southern West Africa (SWA) during the summer monsoon months and have an important cooling effect on the regional climate. Previous studies of these clouds have focused on modelling and remote sensing via satellite. We present the first comprehensive set of in situ measurements of cloud microphysics from the region, taken during June–July 2016, as part of the DACCIWA (Dynamics–aerosol–chemistry–cloud interactions in West Africa) campaign. This novel dataset allows us to assess spatial, diurnal, and day-to-day variation in the properties of these clouds over the region. LLCs developed overnight and mean cloud cover peaked a few hundred kilometres inland around 10:00 local solar time (LST), before clouds began to dissipate and convection intensified in the afternoon. Regional variation in LLC cover was largely orographic, and no lasting impacts in cloud cover related to pollution plumes were observed downwind of major population centres. The boundary layer cloud drop number concentration (CDNC) was locally variable inland, ranging from 200 to 840 cm−3 (10th and 90th percentiles at standard temperature and pressure), but showed no systematic regional variations. Enhancements were seen in pollution plumes from the coastal cities but were not statistically significant across the region. A significant fraction of accumulation mode aerosols, and therefore cloud condensation nuclei, were from ubiquitous biomass burning smoke transported from the Southern Hemisphere. To assess the relative importance of local and transported aerosol on the cloud field, we isolated the local contribution to the aerosol population by comparing inland and offshore size and composition measurements. A parcel model sensitivity analysis showed that doubling or halving local emissions only changed the calculated cloud drop number concentration by 13 %–22 %, as the high background meant local emissions were a small fraction of total aerosol. As the population of SWA grows, local emissions are expected to rise. Biomass burning smoke transported from the Southern Hemisphere is likely to dampen any effect of these increased local emissions on cloud–aerosol interactions. An integrative analysis between local pollution and Central African biomass burning emissions must be considered when predicting anthropogenic impacts on the regional cloud field during the West African summer monsoon.
Two decades observing smoke above clouds in the south-eastern Atlantic Ocean: Deep Blue algorithm updates and validation with ORACLES field campaign data
Authors: Sayer Andrew M. , Hsu N. Christina , Lee Jaehwa , Kim Woogyung V. , Burton Sharon , Fenn Marta A. , Ferrare Richard A. , Kacenelenbogen Meloë , LeBlanc Samuel , Pistone Kristina , Redemann Jens , Segal-Rozenhaimer Michal , Shinozuka Yohei , Tsay Si-Chee
Published: July 2019

Abstract. This study presents and evaluates an updated algorithm for quantification of absorbing aerosols above clouds (AACs) from passive satellite measurements. The focus is biomass burning in the south-eastern Atlantic Ocean during the 2016 and 2017 ObseRvations of Aerosols above CLouds and their intEractionS (ORACLES) field campaign deployments. The algorithm retrieves the above-cloud aerosol optical depth (AOD) and underlying liquid cloud optical depth and is applied to measurements from the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS), Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), and Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) from 1997 to 2017. Airborne NASA Ames Spectrometers for Sky-Scanning, Sun-Tracking Atmospheric Research (4STAR) and NASA Langley High Spectral Resolution Lidar 2 (HSRL2) data collected during ORACLES provide important validation for spectral AOD for MODIS and VIIRS; as the SeaWiFS mission ended in 2010, it cannot be evaluated directly. The 4STAR and HSRL2 comparisons are complementary and reveal performance generally in line with uncertainty estimates provided by the optimal estimation retrieval framework used. At present the two MODIS-based data records seem the most reliable, although there are differences between the deployments, which may indicate that the available data are not yet sufficient to provide a robust regional validation. Spatiotemporal patterns in the data sets are similar, and the time series are very strongly correlated with each other (correlation coefficients from 0.95 to 0.99). Offsets between the satellite data sets are thought to be chiefly due to differences in absolute calibration between the sensors. The available validation data for this type of algorithm are limited to a small number of field campaigns, and it is strongly recommended that such airborne measurements continue to be made, both over the southern Atlantic Ocean and elsewhere.
Satellite and ground-based measurements of XCO2 in a remote semiarid region of Australia
Authors: Velazco Voltaire A. , Deutscher Nicholas M. , Morino Isamu , Uchino Osamu , Bukosa Beata , Ajiro Masataka , Kamei Akihide , Jones Nicholas B. , Paton-Walsh Clare , Griffith David W. T.
Published: July 2019

Abstract. In this study, we present ground-based measurements of column-averaged dry-air mole fractions (DMFs) of CO2 (or XCO2) taken in a semiarid region of Australia with an EM27/SUN portable spectrometer equipped with an automated clamshell cover. We compared these measurements to space-based XCO2 retrievals from the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT). Side-by-side measurements of EM27/SUN with the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) instrument at the University of Wollongong were conducted in 2015–2016 to derive an XCO2 scaling factor of 0.9954 relative to TCCON. Although we found a slight drift of 0.13 % over 3 months in the calibration curve of the EM27/SUN vs. TCCON XCO2, the alignment of the EM27/SUN proved stable enough for a 2-week campaign, keeping the retrieved Xair values, another measure of stability, to within 0.5 % and the modulation efficiency to within 2 %. From the measurements in Alice Springs, we confirm a small bias of around 2 ppm in the GOSAT M-gain to H-gain XCO2 retrievals, as reported by the NIES GOSAT validation team. Based on the reported random errors from GOSAT, we estimate the required duration of a future campaign in order to better understand the estimated bias between the EM27/SUN and GOSAT. The dataset from the Alice Springs measurements is accessible at https://doi.org/10.4225/48/5b21f16ce69bc (Velazco et al., 2018).
Input Rationality Analysis of Three Degree of freedom Parallel Mechanism with Limbs of Embedding Structures
Authors: Yang Gaowei , Zhang Jianjun , Li Weimin , Qi Kaicheng
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Three degrees of freedom (3-DoF) parallel mechanism (PM) with
limbs of embedding structures is a kind of PM with a coupling relationship
between limbs. In order to obtain a more desirable motion, the analysis of
its actuated pairs shall be conducted. However, the fact that the existence
of limbs coupling results in non-unique limb group, this mechanism has
multiple limb groups. In this regard, the traditional input selection theory
is not suitable for direct application in the input rationality analysis.
Aiming to avoid this, a general extended input selection theory and limb
group selection rule are proposed. The former tackles the traditional input
selection theory which is not suitable for analyzing the input of PM with
limbs of embedding structures since it does not take the influence of group
into consideration, whereas the latter makes the calculation of the former
easier. Based on the extended input selection theory and the limb group
selection rule, the input and configuration of the 3-DoF PM with limbs of
embedding structures are improved.
The poetry of being Present! An analysis of Transcendental thought in the work of Stuart Saunders Smith
Authors: Duarte Lacerda José Augusto
Published: July 2019

New England composer Stuart Saunders Smith (1948) is immersed in a milieu that echoes the American Transcendentalist movement. Transcendentalist figures, like Emerson and Thoreau, discussed notions also emphasized by Smith’s: autonomy, intuition, experience, self-reliance, self-actualization, pacifism, and a claim that each person is part of a single universal spirit—Oneness.
This article focuses on how such notions reflect in Smith’s compositional process and how two particular aspects, pacifism and Oneness, reflect in the music that emerges from this process. In Smith’s compositional process, experience, “filtered” through intuition, is more important than pre-compositional systems. Therefore, his work is seen as antithetical to formalism. Oneness is achieved by leveling the roles of composer, performer, and audience. This procedure appears particularly in his trans-media systems, mobile compositions, and co-existence pieces. Pacifism emerges in his use of intricate rhythms. These stances suggest Smith’s music as part of a lineage of thought that traces back to the Transcendentalists: the idea of facing tradition critically while upholding free agency as the primary source of artistic creation.
A dialética da dominação de classe em “Intransitivo”, de Mafra Carbonieri
Authors: Tavares Cássio , Arnt Gustavo
Published: July 2019

Neste artigo examinamos o conto “Intransitivo”, de Mafra Carbonieri, pelo prisma da dialética de forma e conteúdo (Hegel), tal como  peracionalizada por Adorno, Benjamin e Peter Szondi. Por essa via detectamos no conto a função estruturante da dominação de classe, internalizada no modo de narrar pela formalização estética da dialética sujeito-objeto, que se desdobra nas oposições público-privado e narrar-descrever (Lukács).
A estética da política
Authors: Cotrim Miguel Antonio , Souza Paulo Fernando de Almeida
Published: July 2019

Este artigo busca refletir sobre aspectos estéticos e artísticos das manifestações populares de rua, de cunho político, ocorridas no Brasil a partir de 2013, focando nas relações estabelecidas com o espaço urbano e suas múltiplas ações artísticas. Desde a linguagem visual, os elementos simbólicos, as cores, as relações com o tempo e o espaço, a interferência efêmera no cenário urbano, a desconstrução provocada no cotidiano até o registro de imagens daquelas manifestações. O artigo é escrito sob a ótica da pesquisa exploratória, de natureza analítica e explicativa, avaliando a existência de uma conexão entre a expressão estética dessas manifestações políticas e a arte contemporânea.
Influence of Attendance Policy Implementation on Faculty Absenteeism: Issues and Prospects for Policy Upgrade
Authors: S. Maquilan Dassy Jane , B. Miniano Carl Mark
Published: July 2019

The study investigated if faculty absenteeism is influenced by the extent of policy implementation on attendance monitoring, reporting, and usage of records. Through the use of Focus Group Discussion, it also determined the issues and prospects surrounding the policy and its implementation, in an attempt to generate inputs for upgrading the attendance policies and procedures in a technological university operating in Quezon City and Manila City in the Philippines. Respondents of the study were comprised of faculty members, attendance checkers, academic heads, and Human Resource Department staff of the said institution. The results revealed that faculty absenteeism is not influenced by the extent of implementing the policy on attendance monitoring, reporting and usage of record. The study also discovered some policy issues such as uncommitted attendance checkers, improper and inconsistent attendance remarks, lenient implementation of the attendance monitoring policy, and lack of coordination among concerned departments.
Which Love Language do You Speak With Your Child? What Are the Effects of your Age, Level of Education, Work Status, and the Number of Children in the Family on the Used Love Languages?
Authors: Al-Mohtadi Reham , Al-darabah Intisar Turki , Hamaden Khaled Mohamad
Published: July 2019

The purpose of the current study was to identify which languages of love that the mother used with her child. In addition, it examined the effect of mother’s age, level of education, work status, and the number of children in the family on the extent of the mother’s use of love languages. The study sample consisted of 729 mothers from the study population. The researchers used a questionnaire instrument that consisted of 105 items that were groups into five dimensions that represent the five love languages proposed by Gary Chapman, (1992). The researchers adopted and adjusted five love languages questionnaire to make it appropriate to be used in the Arab world. The questionnaire instrument was presented to panel of experts to check its validity. Appropriate statistical analysis methods were performed on participants’ responses to the questionnaire.   The findings showed that the most common type of love language that the mothers used to speak with their children was “acts of service”, while the least common type of love language that the mothers used to speak with their children was “words of affirmation”. In addition, the results showed that there were no significant differences in the extent of the mother’s use of love languages based on mother’s age, level of education, work status, and the number of children in the family. Based on the findings, the study provided some recommendations that were related to the important guidance roles of the institutions, centers and associations that concerned with the childhood sector and the parental relationship. These institutions, centers and associations should conduct training sessions and seminars that aim to discuss the nature of the relationship between mothers and their children. They should publish more training manuals and records that discuss the concept of love between the mother and her child and improve parents understanding of the love relationship between the mother and her child. Another important recommendation was related to the need to conduct more research studies to understand the relationship between the mother and her child.
Impactos bibliométricos de la investigación científica en URACCAN, 2013-2017
Authors: Perera Lumbi Juan Francisco , Calero Borge Wilson Antonio , Soza Neidy Guitierrez , Palacio Rizo Rosa Aura , Blanco Marchena Carolina
Published: July 2019

El presente artículo comparte los impactos bibliométricos de la investigación científica de la Universidad de las Regiones Autónomas de la Costa Caribe Nicaragüense (URACCAN), se ha enfatizado en la producción y publicación, tanto impresa como digital, durante 2013-2017. La investigación se desarrolló bajo el enfoque cuantitativo de corte transversal. Entre los principales resultados sobresalen: i) La producción científica de URACCAN, del 2013-2017 fue de 787 investigaciones, de las que un 78.5% corresponde a investigaciones monográficas, 10.8% a tesis y 10.7% a investigaciones libres de institutos, centros de investigación, docentes investigadores y personal de áreas técnicas; ii) Del 2013 al 2017 la URACCAN publicó un total de 20 números de sus revistas científicas, con 169 artículos, 89 en la revista Ciencia e Interculturalidad y 80 en la Revista Universitaria del Caribe; iii) La publicación científica de la Universidad en formato digital ha sido muy exitosa, desde junio del 2011 a enero del 2018, en tres portales, se hicieron un total de 574,649 descargas de artículos en formato pdf, de estos, 333,488 descargas se hicieron en el Portal de revistas de URACCAN, 205,853 en Lamjol y 35,308 en el Portal de revistas de Nicaragua; iv) En el período de agosto del 2015 a noviembre del 2018, la revista Ciencia e Interculturalidad obtiene el primer lugar en descargas de artículos de las revistas de universidades públicas, yel segundo lugar general de 49 revistas de Nicaragua, Honduras y El Salvador, alojadas en Lamjol.
Phytohormone effect on seedling quality in Hungarian oak
Authors: Yücedağ Cengiz , Bilir Nebi , Özel Halil Barış
Published: July 2019

Aim of study: to find out the effects of four phytohormones, including Indole Butyric Acid (IBA), Indole Acetic Acid (IAA), and Gibberellic acids (GA3, GA4) on seedling growth of Hungarian oak which has a natural distribution in the northwestern of Turkey.Area of Study: Mature acorns of Hungarian oak were collected from a natural stand in Zonguldak-Ereğli at northwestern region of Turkey.Material and Methods: Collected acorns of the species were pretreated with 300 ppm of each phytohormone for 24 hours and sown in Yenihan State Forest Nursery of Bartin, Turkey. Two years old bare-root seedlings were used for the measurements of seedling height, root collar diameter, stem, root and seedling fresh weights, and stem, root and seedling dry weights of two bare-root seedlings for each phytohormone treatment.Main results: Best performance of all studied seedling traits with the exception of root collar diameter was revealed in seedlings with IBA. In contrast, treatment of seeds with GA3 reduced all seedling traits apart from seedling height and root collar diameter. According to Dickson quality index, IBA was displayed to be the most beneficial phytohormone application for generating Hungarian oak seedlings with better mechanical resistance during transplanting.Research Highlights: IBA should be adopted in planting the seedlings of Hungarian oak for plantation activities.Keywords: Field performance; Morphology; Phytohormone, Quality; Quercus frainetto.Abbreviations used: Dickson quality index (DQI), gibberellic acid (GA), indole acetic acid (IAA), indole butyric acid (IBA), root collar diameter (RCD), root dry weight (RDW), root fresh weigh (RFW), seedling dry weight (SEDW), seedling fresh weight (SEFW), seedling height (SH), Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), stem dry weight (STDW), stem fresh weight (STFW).
Infimum problems derived from the proofs of some generalized Schwarz inequalities
Authors: Boros Zoltán , Száz Árpád
Published: July 2019

We define f(a;b)(r) = ar + b/r for all a, b, r Є R with r > 0. And, for some subsets A of R, we determine FA_+ (a; b) = inf (r Є A_+) f(a,b) (r) ; where A_+ ={r Є A : r > 0}. The above in ma are mainly motivated by the proofs of some recent generalized Schwarz inequalities established by the present authors.

Subject Classification: I35
Factors Associated With Periodontal Diseases and Oral Hygiene Status Among Community-Dwelling Adults With Physical Disabilities in Thailand: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Sermsuti-anuwat Nithimar , Pongpanich Sathirakorn
Published: July 2019

OBJECTIVE: There is limited evidence concerning oral health among disabled people capable of independently performing oral hygiene practices. This study investigated factors associated with periodontal diseases and oral hygiene status among community-dwelling, working-age Thai adults with physical disabilities.

MATERIAL & METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted between 1st February to 15th March 2018 at the Community Center for Independent Living, a disability community club located in Pathum Thani province, Thailand. A total of 198 adults with physical disabilities completed self-report questionnaires. Occurrence of bleeding on probing and presence of dental plaque accumulation were obtained through full-mouth periodontal examinations by a trained and calibrated examiner. Univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression were performed.

RESULTS: Toothbrushing frequency of less than twice per day was associated with periodontal diseases (OR = 8.25, p = 0.001). Higher levels of sweets consumption (OR = 3.17, p = 0.003) and infrequent toothbrushing (OR = 4.26, p = 0.001) were related to poor oral hygiene.

CONCLUSIONS: Participants who performed improper oral health behaviors would suffer from periodontal diseases and poorer oral hygiene status. Although participants are capable of performing daily self-care, their physical limitation is a possible explanation for difficulty in appropriate personal oral hygiene practices, which can lead to a lower quality of oral cleanliness. Therefore, professional oral health education and personal oral hygiene instruction tailor-fit to their specific needs are necessary to increase the quality of toothbrushing practices and proper oral health behaviors among persons with physical disabilities.
Tendency or Trend? The Direction Towards Modern Latin-Like Arabic Script
Authors: Alkadi Hisham S.
Published: July 2019

The past few decades have witnessed an aesthetic trend in the Arabic Writing System and its well-known calligraphic arts, which have exploited features of other writing systems, including Latin and Chinese scripts. Although there are great differences between almost every aspect of the Arabic and Latin scripts, this trend has blended certain characteristics of Arabic script with some features of Latin script.

This study examines this trend and its experiments and transitions, from the moment it first emerged until the present day. It investigates the motivations underpinning the trend and analyzes its artistic and linguistic characteristics, in which the researcher visually analyzes all possible details and disassembles both orthographic items and calligraphic features into their basic essential scripts. The findings reveal an aesthetic and linguistic trend that is substantial and significant, based on linguistic, cultural, and sociocultural factors, including increased levels of communication, culturalism, advances in technology, transportation, migration, and globalization. Script tools and features are used to divide the main trend into three sub-trends: 1) Script switching, where scripts are interchanged at word-level; 2) Script fusion, where scripts are altered at letter-level; and 3) Faux fonts, which dissolve certain features of Arabic script to mirror Latin script. All of the techniques used to make Arabic script match Latin script have been shown to be culturally-induced and linguistically informative, rather than merely aesthetic. The findings of this study also indicate that this new phenomenon is likely to be in the early stages, with further developments expected to unfold in future.
A Study on Using the University Library and Reading Habits of Students: A Study on Tishk International University Students in Erbil, Iraq
Authors: Celik Bünyamin
Published: July 2019

The library uses habits of the students and their choices what to read change dramatically from student to student. Reading habits of newspapers are indicated very low in statistics, while reading habits of books were relatively much higher. In addition, the habits of library use are different, so the underlying reasons should be delved into. The aim of this study is to reveal the use of the university library and reading habits of Tishk International University Education Faculty students. 200 students who were randomly chosen from 530 students from different departments of the Faculty participated in this survey voluntarily. Descriptive and correlational research model was used in the study. In the analysis of the data, the questionnaire technique and the “chi-square test” was used. According to the results of the study; students’ use of the university library and reading habits were found to be high (strong habits). On the other hand, it was concluded that students’ newspaper reading habits were lower than those of reading books. Students who think that they have not read enough books, magazines and similar reading sources have cited the problem of not finding time as a reason and the lack of the printed media and publishing in the country. In addition, it is clear that students with a high frequency of library use have academic success and a strong reading habit. On the other hand, no significant relationship was found between the frequency of reading the books and the levels of income and the level of education of parents.
Influence of L1 Background on Categorical Perception of Mandarin Tones by Russian and Vietnamese Listeners
Authors: Zou Qiongqiong
Published: July 2019

This study investigated the influence of L1 background on categorical perception of lexical tones by three language groups, namely native Mandarin, Russian and Vietnamese listeners. Tone identification and discrimination scores of two tone continua (T1-T2 and T1-T4) were measured for each participant. Results showed that the two tone language groups, i.e., Mandarin and Vietnamese listeners, perceived both tone continua categorically whereas the non-tone language group, i.e., Russian listeners, did not. More specifically, while the Russian group exhibited significantly broader identification boundaries and performed near chance level in discrimination tasks, the Mandarin and Vietnamese groups presented sharp slopes in identification curves and corresponding discrimination peaks at the cross-boundary positions. Moreover, Mandarin and Vietnamese listeners showed slightly different discrimination curves, which could be attributed to the effect of their different tone inventories. The current findings suggest that native tone language background, to some extent, can facilitate non-native tone perception.
Slavernijgeschiedenis zonder polderen: observaties over een debat vol contrasten
Authors: Brandon Pepijn
Published: July 2019

Writing the history of slavery in the Netherlands: A debate with sharp contrasts.

Reflection and debate initiates academically inspired discussions on issues that are on the current policy agenda.
Het Facebook-besluit van het Bundeskartellamt; een nieuwe kijk op data en dominantie
Authors: Kuipers Pauline , Kohlen Janneke , Kuiper Annelot
Published: July 2019

Het Facebook-besluit van het Bundeskartellamt; een nieuwe kijk op data en dominantie

Op 7 februari 2019 heeft de Duitse kartelwaakhond Bundeskartellamt (BKa) het langverwachte besluit bekendgemaakt waarin het vaststelt dat Facebook misbruik maakt van haar dominante marktpositie door op websites van derden gebruikersdata te verzamelen en te verwerken en in strijd handelt met dataprotectiewetgeving. Volgens het BKa geven gebruikers hier geen expliciete toestemming voor of wordt hun geen ‘opt-out’ geboden. Dat geldt ook voor de toestemming voor commercieel gebruik van persoonsgegevens, die door Facebook wordt afgedwongen van haar gebruikers. Het BKa legt Facebook daarom verplichtingen op om dit gedrag binnen twaalf maanden te beëindigen en haar gebruiksvoorwaarden aan te passen. De zaak is een novum, omdat het de eerste keer is dat een mededingingsautoriteit het misbruikverbod handhaaft op grond van overtreding van de dataprotectieregels. In deze bijdrage gaan de auteurs in op het Facebook-besluit, een aantal controversiële standpunten die het BKa inneemt en hoe de zaak past in het bredere debat over mededingingstoezicht in digitale markten.
Association of Traffic-Related Air Pollution (TRAP) with DNA Damage and Respiratory Health Symptoms among Primary School Children in Selangor
Authors: Ismail Ili Nabila , Jalaludin Juliana , Bakar Suhaili Abu , Hisamuddin Nur Hazirah , Suhaimi Nur Faseeha
Published: July 2019

Exposure to Traffic-Related Air Pollution (TRAP) is a public health concern accountable for several health problems each year in Malaysia. Several studies globally have shown that children in schools near high traffic roads have increased risks for Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) damage due to higher exposure to TRAP. The study aimed to determine the association between TRAP exposure with DNA damage and respiratory symptoms among school children in Selangor state. PM2.5, PM10, Ultrafine Particle (UFP), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) and Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) were measured as TRAP. A cross-sectional comparative study was carried out among children in Kajang as exposed group (n=52) and Hulu Langat as comparative group (n=52). A set of standardized and validated questionnaires were used to determine respiratory symptoms and history of exposure. Measurements of indoor and outdoor air pollutants were conducted in schools. Buccal mucosa cells were collected, which then followed by investigation of DNA damage using a comet assay. All pollutants were significantly associated with reported cough and wheezing at p<0.05. Meanwhile, PM2.5, PM10 and UFP were significantly associated with comet tail length at p<0.05. Additionally, comet tail length in the exposed group was significantly higher (35.95±7.93 μm) than those in the comparative group (30.32±8.358 μm), and the difference was significantly different (t=3.450, p=0.001). Children were more likely to have genotoxicity of buccal mucosa if they were exposed to higher levels of ultrafine particles (UFP). This study demonstrated that children in schools near heavy traffic roads have an increased risk for respiratory symptoms and DNA damage due to higher exposure to TRAP. Therefore, this study supports its importance as a risk factor in associations documented between TRAP and respiratory health among children.
Chemical Property of the Fly Ash Collected at an Incinerator and its Effects on Near Ambient Particles
Authors: Ma Chang-Jin , Kang Gong-Unn
Published: July 2019

It is crucial for understanding the characteristics of fly ash, emitted from the incinerator of municipal solid waste, to properly diagnose its impact on air quality and human health. In this study, to precisely describe the chemical property of the fly ash and its effects on near ambient particles, an intensive measurement was conducted. Fly ash was collected in dry condition from the downstream of a bag filter dust collector which is installed at an incinerator located in Iksan City, Korea. Sampling of ambient particles was carried out at both near and far away sites from an incinerator. Elemental analyses of the pretreated samples were subsequently performed by a Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) and a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) equipped with an Energy Dispersive X-ray Detector (EDX). Moreover, in order to estimate the residents’ exposure to the fly ash and the effect of fly ash on the near ambient particles, Gaussian plume model was carried out. The high content of soluble S, Cl, K, and Ca in fly ash were detected. Small quantities of heavy elements including Zn, Br, and Pb were also detected in the water-soluble fraction. The scattering plots drawn by the ratios of Z/Zn (i.e., the ratio of mass concentration of each element (Z) to that of zinc) of ambient PM2.5 and that of fly ash reveal a good relationship regardless of the distance from an incinerator. A ternary plot drawn by the wt% concentrations of Na, K, and Cl in the individual ambient particles and fly ash powders indicates that a small portion of the fine and coarse ambient particles was directly influenced by the fly ashes. Modeling evaluation of fly ash diffusion suggests that the air quality at the incinerator nearby areas, especially 1.5 km points, was strongly influenced by the air pollution materials emitted from an incinerator.