bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cellular heterogeneity results from indirect effects under metabolic tradeoffs
Authors: Ollé-Vila Aina , Solé Ricard
Published: September 2019

The emergence and maintenance of multicellularity requires the coexistence of diverse cellular populations displaying cooperative relationships. This enables long-term persistence of cellular consortia, particularly under environmental constraints that challenge cell survival. Toxic environments are known to trigger the formation of multicellular consortia capable of dealing with waste while promoting cell diversity as a way to overcome selection barriers. In this context, recent theoretical studies suggest that an environment containing both resources and toxic waste can promote the emergence of complex, spatially distributed
proto-organisms
exhibiting division of labour and higher-scale features beyond the cell–cell pairwise interactions. Some previous non-spatial models suggest that the presence of a growth inhibitor can trigger the coexistence of competitive species in an antibiotic-resistance context. In this paper, we further explore this idea using both mathematical and computational models taking the most fundamental features of the
proto-organisms
model interactions. It is shown that this resource-waste environmental context, in which both species are lethally affected by the toxic waste and metabolic tradeoffs are present, favours the maintenance of diverse populations. A spatial, stochastic extension confirms our basic results. The evolutionary and ecological implications of these results are outlined.
Coping with strangers: how familiarity and active interactions shape group coordination in
Corydoras aeneus
Authors: Riley Riva J. , Gillie Elizabeth R. , Horswill Cat , Johnstone Rufus A. , Boogert Neeltje J. , Manica Andrea
Published: September 2019

Social groups composed of familiar individuals exhibit better coordination than unfamiliar groups; however, the ways familiarity contributes to coordination are poorly understood. Prior social experience probably allows individuals to learn the tendencies of familiar group-mates and respond accordingly. Without prior experience, individuals would benefit from strategies for enhancing coordination with unfamiliar others. We used a social catfish,
Corydoras aeneus
, that uses discrete, observable tactile interactions to assess whether active interactions could facilitate coordination, and how their role might be mediated by familiarity. We describe this previously understudied physical interaction, ‘nudges’, and show it to be associated with group coordination and cohesion. Furthermore, we investigated nudging and coordination in familiar/unfamiliar pairs. In all pairs, we found that nudging rates were higher during coordinated movements than when fish were together but not coordinating. We observed no familiarity-based difference in coordination or cohesion. Instead, unfamiliar pairs exhibited significantly higher nudging rates, suggesting that unfamiliar pairs may be able to compensate for unfamiliarity through increased nudging. By contrast, familiar individuals coordinated with comparatively little nudging. Second, we analysed nudging and cohesion within triplets of two familiar and one unfamiliar individual (where familiar individuals had a choice of partner). Although all individuals nudged at similar rates, the unfamiliar group-mate was less cohesive than its familiar group-mates and spent more time alone. Unfamiliar individuals that nudged their group-mates more frequently exhibited higher cohesion, indicating that nudging may facilitate cohesion for the unfamiliar group-mate. Overall, our results suggest that nudges can mitigate unfamiliarity, but that their usage is reduced in the case of familiar individuals, implying a cost is associated with the behaviour.
A machine learning approach to quantify the specificity of colour–emotion associations and their cultural differences
Authors: Jonauskaite Domicele , Wicker Jörg , Mohr Christine , Dael Nele , Havelka Jelena , Papadatou-Pastou Marietta , Zhang Meng , Oberfeld Daniel
Published: September 2019

The link between colour and emotion and its possible similarity across cultures are questions that have not been fully resolved. Online, 711 participants from China, Germany, Greece and the UK associated 12 colour terms with 20 discrete emotion terms in their native languages. We propose a machine learning approach to quantify (a) the consistency and specificity of colour–emotion associations and (b) the degree to which they are country-specific, on the basis of the accuracy of a statistical classifier in (a) decoding the colour term evaluated on a given trial from the 20 ratings of colour–emotion associations and (b) predicting the country of origin from the 240 individual colour–emotion associations, respectively. The classifier accuracies were significantly above chance level, demonstrating that emotion associations are to some extent colour-specific and that colour–emotion associations are to some extent country-specific. A second measure of country-specificity, the in-group advantage of the colour-decoding accuracy, was detectable but relatively small (6.1%), indicating that colour–emotion associations are both universal and culture-specific. Our results show that machine learning is a promising tool when analysing complex datasets from emotion research.
ClpP is required for proteolytic regulation of type II toxin–antitoxin systems and persister cell formation in Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Tian Xiao-Lin , Li Miao , Scinocca Zachariah , Rutherford Heather , Li Yung-Hua
Published: September 2019

The type II toxin–antitoxin (TA) modules, mazEF and relBE, in

Streptococcus mutans

have been implicated in stress response, antibiotic tolerance and persister cell formation. However, how

S. mutans

regulates these systems to prevent unwanted toxin activation and persister cell formation is unclear. In this study, we provide evidence that ClpP is required for the proteolytic regulation of these TA systems and persister cell formation in

S. mutans

following antibiotic challenge. A persister viability assay showed that

S. mutans

UA159 (WT) formed a larger quantity of persister cells than its isogenic mutant ΔclpP following antibiotic challenge. However, the lux reporter assay revealed that clpP deletion did not affect the transcriptional levels of mazEF and relBE, since no significant differences (P>0.05) in the reporter activities were detected between the wild-type and ΔclpP background. Instead, all antibiotics tested at a sub-minimum inhibitory concentration (sub-MIC) induced transcriptional levels of mazEF and relBE operons. We then examined the protein profiles of His-tagged MazE and RelB proteins in the UA159 and ΔclpP backgrounds by Western blotting analysis. The results showed that

S. mutans

strains grown under non-stress conditions expressed very low but detectable levels of MazE and RelB antitoxin proteins. Antibiotics at sub-MICs induced the levels of the MazE and RelB proteins, but the protein levels decreased rapidly in the wild-type background. In contrast, a stable level of MazE and RelB proteins could be detected in the ΔclpP mutant background, suggesting that both proteins accumulated in the ΔclpP mutant. We conclude that ClpP is required for the proteolytic regulation of cellular levels of the MazE and RelB antitoxins in

S. mutans

, which may play a critical role in modulating the TA activities and persister cell formation of this organism following antibiotic challenge.
Semantic annotation and harvesting of federated scholarly data using ontologies
Authors: Koutsomitropoulos Dimitrios A.
Published: September 2019

Purpose

Effective synthesis of learning material is a multidimensional problem, which often relies on handpicking approaches and human expertise. Sources of educational content exist in a variety of forms, each offering proprietary metadata information and search facilities. This paper aims to show that it is possible to harvest scholarly resources from various repositories of open educational resources (OERs) in a federated manner. In addition, their subject can be automatically annotated using ontology inference and standard thematic terminologies.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on a semantic interpretation of their metadata, authors can align external collections and maintain them in a shared knowledge pool known as the Learning Object Ontology Repository (LOOR). The author leverages the LOOR and show that it is possible to search through various educational repositories’ metadata and amalgamate their semantics into a common learning object (LO) ontology. The author then proceeds with automatic subject classification of LOs using keyword expansion and referencing standard taxonomic vocabularies for thematic classification, expressed in SKOS.

Findings

The approach for automatic subject classification simply takes advantage of the implicit information in the searching and selection process and combines them with expert knowledge in the domain of reference (SKOS thesauri). This is shown to improve recall by a considerable factor, while precision remains unaffected.

Originality/value

To the best of the author’s knowledge, the idea of subject classification of LOs through the reuse of search query terms combined with SKOS-based matching and expansion has not been investigated before in a federated scholarly setting.
Simulation of effect of counterface roughness on the friction transfer and wear of PTFE sliding against steel
Authors: Xie Ting , Lai Junjie , Yang Huaping
Published: September 2019

Purpose

This paper aims to simulate the effect of counterface roughness on the friction transfer and wear of the polymer material sliding against steel.

Design/methodology/approach

The dynamic process of friction transfer and wear of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) sliding against steel 45 was simulated by the software of particle flow code in two dimensions and a discrete element method. The effect of the counterface roughness was considered in the simulation. The definitions of the transferred particle and worn particle were given.

Findings

The simulation results showed that a transferred particle layer was formed on the surface of steel 45 during friction. The wear rate of PTFE can be effectively reduced by the formation of the transferred particle layer. The formation and stability of this particle layer is certainly affected by the counterface roughness (Rz). In this paper, the transferred particle numbers increased with Rz increase. And so did the worn particle numbers. However, there was little effect of Rz on the wear rate of PTFE.

Originality/value

The dynamic process of the friction transfer and wear of the PTFE/ steel 45 friction pair was reproduced at the micro-level. Then, the transfer and wear were quantitatively exhibited. The relations between the transfer or wear and counterface roughness was simulated and discussed. It will be meaningful for the optimization and effective control of friction and wear of polymer/metal sliding system.
Understanding and predicting teachers’ intention to use cloud computing in smart education
Authors: Asadi Zoleixa , Abdekhoda Mohammadhiwa , Nadrian Haidar
Published: September 2019

Purpose

Applying cloud computing (CC) in education is a great opportunity to globalize knowledge with the minimum costs and maximum accessibility. This study aims to understand and predict teacher intention to use cloud commuting as infrastructure in Smart education.

Design/methodology/approach

This was a cross-sectional study in which faculty members’ perception concerning CC services adoption in education were assessed based on the extended model of theory of planned behavior, by researcher-developed questionnaire (a = 0.9). Collected data were analyzed by regression analysis and the final model was tested by structural equation modeling.

Findings

Attitude towards the behavior, perceived behavior control and privacy; had direct and significant associations with faculty members’ intention to use CC. However, subjective norms (p = 0.311) and security (p = 0.505 ) were not significant predictors of intention to use CC.

Originality/value

The results of this study elucidate the critical factors associated with teacher’s behavioral intentions toward CC services and also serve as a valuable reference for education sector to plan for the better use of these services. The presented model can be considered as best practice framework for adapting cloud commuting as infrastructure in education. Applying CC services in education is great opportunity and should be subsequently the major concern of educational organizations. This study clearly identified significant and non-significant factors that should be considered when successful implementation on could computing services is in progress.
Implementation of electronic records management systems
Authors: Shonhe Liah , Grand Balulwami
Published: September 2019

Purpose

Technology has influenced the implementation of electronic records management systems (ERMS) in government agencies. The high incidence of poor service delivery in government agencies is a key factor that has put pressure on the government to implement ERMS. Despite the potential benefits of implementing ERMS, the adoption and use of these programs has been slow and some systems have failed. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to assess how Tlokweng land board (TLB) implemented its electronic records management program using Kotter’s model and awareness, desire, knowledge, ability and reinforcement change model.

Design/methodology/approach

The study adopted a pragmatic paradigm and used a case study research design to collect data at TLB. The research made use of mixed methods approach to collect data using questionnaires, interviews and document reviews. Purposeful sampling was used to solicit data from 53 participants in the land board.

Findings

The findings of the study revealed that communication has been used as the most effective tool for managing change at TLB. However, TLB has not yet managed to reinforce the change implemented because of the lack of adequate training and motivation of change champions. Moreover, the change management team has little training on the change management framework produced by the Ministry of Lands and Housing.

Research limitations/implications

The study was limited to one land board in Botswana. Therefore, the findings may not be generalized to all land boards.

Originality/value

This is the first study to be conducted in Botswana that has assessed change management practices in the implementation of records management systems. This study therefore recommends adoption of the change management lens/framework by a records professional when implementing ERMS.
Cultural resilience and the Smart and Sustainable City
Authors: Clarke Nicholas John , Kuipers Marieke Cornelie , Roos Job
Published: September 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the conceptualisation of the Smart Sustainable City (SSC) with new concepts of resilience thinking in relation to urgent societal challenges facing the built environment. The paper aims to identify novel methodologies for smart reuse of heritage sites with a pluralist past as integral to inclusive urban development.

Design/methodology/approach

SSC concepts in the global literature are studied to define a new reference framework for integrated urban planning strategies in which cultural resilience and co-creation matter. This framework, augmented by UNESCO’s holistic recommendation on the Historic Urban Landscape (HUL), was tested in two investigative projects: the historic centre of South Africa’s capital Tshwane and the proximate former Westfort leprosy colony.

Findings

The research confirms that SSC concepts need enlargement to become more inclusive in acknowledging “cultural diversity” of communities and engaging “chrono-diversity” of extant fabric. A paradigm shift in the discourse on integrated urban (re)development and adaptive reuse of built heritage is identified, influenced by resilience and sustainability thinking. Both projects show that different architectural intervention strategies are required to modulate built fabric and its emergent qualities and to unlock embedded cultural energy.

Originality/value

Together with a critical review of SSC concepts and the HUL in relation to urban (re)development, this paper provides innovative methodologies on creative adaptation of urban heritage, reconciling “hard” and “soft” issues, tested in the highly resilient systems of Tshwane.
Hemorrhagic Retinopathy and Optic Nerve Sheath Hemorrhage Associated With Fatal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage from a Ruptured Intracranial Aneurysm Due to Segmental Fibromuscular Dysplasia
Authors: Silloca‐Cabana Elizabeth O. , Hathuc Vivian M. , Harrison William T. , Lantz Patrick E.
Published: September 2019

Fibromuscular dysplasia is an idiopathic, nonatheromatous, and noninflammatory arterial disease that most commonly affects the renal and carotid arteries. We report a child with subarachnoid and ocular hemorrhage associated with an aneurysm due to fibromuscular dysplasia. Computed tomography following a witnessed collapse revealed diffuse subarachnoid hemorrhage and severe cerebral edema. An autopsy confirmed the radiographic findings and detected bilateral retinal hemorrhages, optic nerve sheath hemorrhages, and a ruptured saccular aneurysm due to focal fibromuscular dysplasia involving the intracranial right vertebral artery. This case documents a fatal subarachnoid hemorrhage in a child with an intracranial saccular aneurysm caused by fibromuscular dysplasia. The associated retinal hemorrhages are easily detected by postmortem monocular indirect ophthalmoscopy.
“Everything Must Match”: Detection, Deception, and Migrant Illegality in the India‐Bangladesh Borderlands
Authors: Ghosh Sahana
Published: September 2019

India's militarization of its border with Bangladesh has grown alongside a paranoia around the figure of the “infiltrator” made synonymous with the “Bangladeshi illegal migrant.” Set in the borderlands of India and Bangladesh, where ethnic, racial, and linguistic markers do not allow for an easy distinction to be made between the Bengali members of two nation‐states, this article focuses on the paradoxes of documentary citizenship. Residents of these highly surveilled borderlands, as well as a variety of state actors, find that simply possessing identity documents is inadequate amid forgery and deception. The possibility of detection—detectability—of the illegal migrant materializes in India's eastern borderlands across three distinct modes of policing: the interceptive, the judicial‐determinative, and the certificatory. Through an ethnographic exploration of these modes of policing, this article sheds light on the political economy of migrant illegality and reimagines detectability, the infinite and promissory search for the impostor within, as the engine that drives the state. Detectability raises new questions beyond the fetishization of documents and the production and navigation of il/legibility. [borders, migrant illegality, policing, documents, South Asia]
How do we process prices? Electrophysiological evidence of componential analysis
Authors: Ojedo Fernando , Macizo Pedro
Published: September 2019

The aim of this study was to evaluate if the processing of prices (e.g., 8 euro) involves separate analysis of the digit (8) and the monetary category (euro). Event‐related potentials (ERPs) were recorded when participants performed a price comparison task in which a pair of prices was presented and they selected the one with higher monetary value. There were compatible comparisons where the digit and the monetary category of one price were higher than those of the other price (e.g., 7 euro – 4 cent, 7 > 4 and euro > cent), and incompatible comparisons where the number of one price was larger but the monetary category smaller than those of the other price (e.g., 4 euro – 7 cent, 4 < 7 but euro > cent). Compatibility effect modulated ERPs in the 350–450 ms time window, with more negative amplitudes in incompatible trials relative to compatible trials. This pattern of results suggests that prices were processed in a componential manner, challenging the evidences of the holistic model. The results of this study agree with the general model framework for multi‐symbol number comparison: The constituents of a multi‐symbol magnitude are processed and compared to each other separately in a componential manner.
Aerobic training session length affects arterial elasticity
Authors: Karabulut Murat , Lopez Joe A. , Karabulut Ulku
Published: September 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine haemodynamic and arterial elasticity responses to aerobic exercise of varying durations.

Methods

Eighteen male subjects (age = 23·4 ± 2·0) performed a maximal aerobic fitness (VO2max) test. Participants met in the laboratory following an overnight fast for three randomly assigned sessions. Assessments for large and small arterial elasticity (SAE), systemic vascular resistance (SVR), total vascular impedance (TVI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO), pulse pressure (PP) and cardiac ejection time (CET) were performed using applanation tonometry at the radial artery. Following baseline measurements, participants executed aerobic exercise on a treadmill at 65% of their respective VO2max for 30, 45 or 60 min on three different occasions. Postexercise measurements were performed immediately, 10, 20 and 40 min postexercise cessation.

Results

The 60‐min exercise bout resulted in significantly increased SAE values (P < 0·04) and decreased SVR values (P < 0·02) when compared with the 30‐min exercise bout. The 60‐min session also caused significantly higher HR values and significantly lower values for SV and DBP values following exercise (P < 0·04).

Conclusions

The results of this study emphasize that varying the length of moderate‐intensity aerobic exercise bouts affects arterial elasticity response and total vascular resistance.
Letter to the Editor: Response to letter regarding: Prospective, randomised clinical trial of four different presurgical hand antiseptic techniques in equine surgery
Authors: Biermann N. M. , McClure J. T. , Doyle A. J.
Published: September 2019

See General Article by Biermann and McClure et al.

See Correspondence by Kampf and Verwilghen
Cellulose ether treatment in vivo generates chronic wasting disease prions with reduced protease resistance and delayed disease progression
Authors: Hannaoui Samia , Arifin Maria Immaculata , Chang Sheng Chun , Yu Jie , Gopalakrishnan Preetha , Doh‐ura Katsumi , Schatzl Hermann M. , Gilch Sabine
Published: September 2019

Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a prion disease of free‐ranging and farmed cervids that is highly contagious because of extensive prion shedding and prion persistence in the environment. Previously, cellulose ether compounds (CEs) have been shown to significantly extend the survival of mice inoculated with mouse‐adapted prion strains. In this study, we used CEs, TC‐5RW, and 60SH‐50, in vitro and in vivo to assess their efficacy to interfere with CWD prion propagation. In vitro, CEs inhibited CWD prion amplification in a dose‐dependent manner. Transgenic mice over‐expressing elk PrPC (tgElk) were injected subcutaneously with a single dose of either of the CEs, followed by intracerebral inoculation with different CWD isolates from white tailed deer, mule deer, or elk. All treated groups showed a prolonged survival of up to more than 30 % when compared to the control group regardless of the CWD isolate used for infection. The extended survival in the treated groups correlated with reduced proteinase K resistance of prions. Remarkably, passage of brain homogenates from treated or untreated animals in tgElk mice resulted in a prolonged life span of mice inoculated with homogenates from CE‐treated mice (of + 17%) even in the absence of further treatment. Besides the delayed disease onset upon passage in TgElk mice, the reduced proteinase K resistance was maintained but less pronounced. Therefore, these compounds can be very useful in limiting the spread of CWD in captive and wild‐ranging cervids.

image
Stereotactic image guided microwave ablation of HCC: A step forward and still a long way to go
Authors: de Jong Koert Pieter , Ruiter Simeon Johannus Stephanus , Pennings Jan‐Pieter
Published: September 2019

See Article on Page 1983
Demand and Supply Effects and Returns to College Education: Evidence from a Natural Experiment with Engineers in Denmark*
Authors: Qvist Hans‐Peter Y. , Holm Anders , Munk Martin D.
Published: September 2019

The demand and supply model predicts that a larger relative net supply of a particular educational group will negatively affect its relative earnings. To test this, we use the opening of Aalborg University as a natural experiment, because it created a shock to the supply of electrical and construction engineers in Denmark in the 1980s. The results show that when the supply of electrical and construction engineers peaked, their earnings dropped relative to a comparison group of chemical engineers, which Aalborg University did not supply at the time. Hence, we conclude that even the earnings of engineers, who are in high demand, are susceptible to supply effects.
Multigene‐based phylogeny analyses of the controversial family Condylostomatidae (Ciliophora, Heterotrichea)
Authors: Chen Xumiao , Li Ju , Xu Kuidong
Published: September 2019

Condylostoma, the type genus of the family Condylostomatidae, is a well‐known and taxonomically confusing genus with more than 30 nominal species. The phylogenetic relationships among congeners and related genera remain obscure despite the continuous discovery of new species and detailed redescription of known species over the past decades. Based on a total of 24 new sequences obtained from nine Condylostoma isolates, we conducted phylogenetic analyses by combining multiple marker genes. The molecular phylogenetic trees indicate that: (a) the monophyly of the family Condylostomatidae is supported by the rDNA locus and SSU rDNA sequences with high support value but is no longer sustained by both the ITS1‐5.8S‐ITS2 and LSU rDNA sequences; (b) Condylostoma is very likely a paraphyletic genus, and the possibility that it is a polyphyletic group cannot be denied, and (c) the genera Condylostentor and Chattonidium are suggested to evolve from a radiation of Condylostoma species. Furthermore, in an effort to provide better resolutions for understanding the evolutionary relationships of condylostomatids, the secondary structures of the variable regions 2 and 4 (V2 and V4) of SSU rDNA and ITS2 transcripts are predicted. The results revealed that the V2 and V4 structures are rather conserved at the genus level, while the ITS2 structures are much more variable.
Mite (Arachnida: Acari) diversity and abundance on oil palms in the central region of the Brazilian Amazonia

Authors: Cruz Wilton Pires da , Krug Cristiane , Vasconcelos Geraldo J.N. , Moraes Gilberto J. de
Published: September 2019

The African oil palm, Elaeis guineensis Jacq., is the second oil producing plant most extensively cultivated worldwide. The American oil palm, Elaeis oleifera (Kunth) Cortés, is a similar species rarely planted for commercial oil production, but often used for the production of hybrids with the African oil palm. The objective of this work was to compare the mite fauna of different genotypes of the African and the American oil palms as well as of their hybrids. In total, three and five genotypes of the African and the American oil palms and two of their hybrids available at an experiment station in the central part of the Brazilian Amazonia (Campo Experimental Rio Urubu, Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental, Rio Preto da Eva, Amazonas State) were evaluated. Samples were collected in the wet (May 2012) and the dry (October, November 2013) seasons. On American oil palms, mite density was much higher in the wet than in the dry season, while on palms of other groups no significant differences were observed between seasons. Phytophagous mites corresponded to 91.1% of all mites found and Eriophyoidea was by far the most abundant group of these mites. Plant damage by this and other mite groups was not noticed. Mites of the family Tenuipalpidae, to which Raoiella indica Hirst belongs, were not found in this study. In previous studies, R. indica was reported to cause severe damage to several plant species. Phytoseiid species richness and diversities were also higher in the American oil palms than on palms of other groups. The phytoseiids Amblyseius perditus Chant & Baker and Iphiseiodes kamahorae De Leon were the most abundant predators, the first almost exclusively on BR 174 and Coari, and the second, on Manicoré genotypes of the American oil palms. Phytoseiid diversity on hybrids was as low as on African oil palm genotypes in the dry season and lower than on other palm groups in the wet season.
Accuracy of Physical Activity Monitors for Steps and Calorie Measurement During Pregnancy Walking
Authors: Montoye Alexander H.K. , Dahmen Jordana , Campbell Nigel , Connolly Christopher P.
Published: September 2019

Purpose: This purpose of this study was to validate consumer-based and research-grade PA monitors for step counting and Calorie expenditure during treadmill walking. Methods: Participants (n = 40, 24 in second trimester and 16 in third trimester) completed five 2-minute walking activities (1.5–3.5 miles/hour in 0.5 mile/hour increments) while wearing five PA monitors (right hip: ActiGraph Link [AG]; left hip: Omron HJ-720 [OM]; left front pants pocket: New Lifestyles NL 2000 [NL]; non-dominant wrist: Fitbit Flex [FF]; right ankle: StepWatch [SW]). Mean absolute percent error (MAPE) was used to determine device accuracy for step counting (all monitors) and Calorie expenditure (AG with Freedson equations and FF) compared to criterion measures (hand tally for steps, indirect Calorimetry for Calories). Results: For step counting, the SW had MAPE ≤ 10% at all walking speeds, and the OM and NL had MAPE ≤ 10% for all speeds but 1.5 miles/hour. The AG had MAPE ≤ 10% for only 3.0–3.5 miles/hour speeds, and the FF had high MAPE for all speeds. For Calories, the FF and AG had MAPE > 10% for all speeds, with the FF overestimating Calories expended. Trimester did not affect PA monitor accuracy for step counting but did affect accuracy for Calorie expenditure. Conclusion: The ankle-worn SW and hip-worn OM had high accuracy for measuring step counts at all treadmill walking speeds, whereas the NL had high accuracy for speeds ≥2.0 miles/hour. Conversely, the monitors tested for Calorie expenditure have poor accuracy and should be interpreted cautiously for walking behavior.
No evidence of ongoing HIV replication or compartmentalization in tissues during combination antiretroviral therapy: Implications for HIV eradication
Authors: Bozzi G. , Simonetti F. R. , Watters S. A. , Anderson E. M. , Gouzoulis M. , Kearney M. F. , Rote P. , Lange C. , Shao W. , Gorelick R. , Fullmer B. , Kumar S. , Wank S. , Hewitt S. , Kleiner D. E. , Hattori J. , Bale M. J. , Hill S. , Bell J. , Rehm C. , Grossman Z. , Yarchoan R. , Uldrick T. , Maldarelli F.
Published: September 2019

Long-term persistence, not ongoing virus replication, is primarily responsible for maintaining HIV during antiretroviral therapy.
Endogenous Avian Leukosis Virus in Combination with Serotype 2 Marek's Disease Virus Significantly Boosted the Incidence of Lymphoid Leukosis-Like Bursal Lymphomas in Susceptible Chickens
Authors: Mays Jody K. , Black-Pyrkosz Alexis , Mansour Tamer , Schutte Brian C. , Chang Shuang , Dong Kunzhe , Hunt Henry D. , Fadly Aly M. , Zhang Lei , Zhang Huanmin
Published: September 2019

Lymphoid leukosis (LL)-like lymphoma is a low-incidence yet costly and poorly understood disease of domestic chickens. The observed unique characteristics of LL-like lymphomas are that the incidence of the disease is chicken line dependent; pathologically, it appeared to mimic avian leukosis but is free of exogenous ALV infection; inoculation of the nonpathogenic ALV-E or MDV-2 (SB-1) boosts the incidence of the disease; and inoculation of both the nonpathogenic ALV-E and SB-1 escalates it to much higher levels. This study was designed to test the impact of two new ALV-E isolates, recently derived from commercial broiler breeder flocks, in combination with the nonpathogenic SB-1 on LL-like lymphoma incidences in both an experimental egg layer line of chickens and a commercial broiler breeder line of chickens under a controlled condition. Data from this study provided an additional piece of experimental evidence on the potency of nonpathogenic ALV-E, MDV-2, and ALV-E plus MDV-2 in boosting the incidence of LL-like lymphomas in susceptible chickens. This study also generated the first piece of genomic evidence that suggests host transcriptomic variation plays an important role in modulating LL-like lymphoma formation.
Complete Genome Sequence of Escherichia coli Phage Pisces
Authors: Diaz Haydee , Graham Kristin , Moreland Russell , Liu Mei , Ramsey Jolene
Published: September 2019

Podophage Pisces was isolated against
Escherichia coli
strain 4s from wastewater samples. Pisces is a T7-like phage, and all 49 predicted protein-coding genes in it are present on a single strand and are surrounded by 190-bp terminal repeats. Due to its similarity to other T7-like phages, 61% of Pisces genes were assigned a predicted function.
New species and geographical distribution of trichomycetes (gut fungi) in a novel host, caddisfly (Trichoptera)
Authors: Strongman D.B. , White M.M.
Published: September 2019

Trichomycetes are fungi and protists living in the guts of arthropods. Herbivorous insects in freshwater habitats commonly house these microbes, and there are over 300 species described. One very common group of aquatic insects occurring in most freshwater systems is caddisflies, belonging to the Order Trichoptera. Although these are potentially good hosts for trichomycetes, there has been little published on trichomycetes in this host and none have been described from caddisflies. We collected and dissected caddisfly larvae from multiple sites in Canada from 2001 to 2018 and describe five new species of trichomycetes from trichopteran larvae. Data are presented on the prevalence and seasonal variation of trichomycetes in caddisfly larvae at one site in Nova Scotia where multi-year collections were made.
Novel Binary Signed-Digit Addition Algorithm for FPGA Implementation
Authors: Tanaka Yuuki , Suzuki Yuuki , Wei Shugang
Published: September 2019

Signed-digit (SD) number representation systems have been studied for high-speed arithmetic. One important property of the SD number system is the possibility of performing addition without long carry chain. However, many numbers of logic elements are required when the number representation system and such an adder are realized on a logic circuit. In this study, we propose a new adder on the binary SD number system. The proposed adder uses more circuit area than the conventional SD adders when those adders are realized on ASIC. However, the proposed adder uses 20% less number of logic elements than the conventional SD adder when those adders are realized on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) which is made up of 4-input 1-output LUT such as Intel Cyclone IV FPGA.
Osteoclasts Provide Coupling Signals to Osteoblast Lineage Cells Through Multiple Mechanisms
Authors: Sims Natalie A. , Martin T. John
Published: September 2019

Bone remodeling is essential for the repair and replacement of damaged and old bone. The major principle underlying this process is that osteoclast-mediated resorption of a quantum of bone is followed by osteoblast precursor recruitment; these cells differentiate to matrix-producing osteoblasts, which form new bone to replace what was resorbed. Evidence from osteopetrotic syndromes indicate that osteoclasts not only resorb bone, but also provide signals to promote bone formation. Osteoclasts act upon osteoblast lineage cells throughout their differentiation by facilitating growth factor release from resorbed matrix, producing secreted proteins and microvesicles, and expressing membrane-bound factors. These multiple mechanisms mediate the coupling of bone formation to resorption in remodeling. Additional interactions of osteoclasts with osteoblast lineage cells, including interactions with canopy and reversal cells, are required to achieve coordination between bone formation and resorption during bone remodeling.
Laminin α4 contributes to airway remodeling and inflammation in asthma
Authors: Prabhala Pavan , Wright David B. , Robbe Patricia , Bitter Catrin , Pera Tonio , ten Hacken Nick H. T. , van den Berge Maarten , Timens Wim , Meurs Herman , Dekkers Bart G. J.
Published: September 2019

Airway inflammation and remodeling are characteristic features of asthma, with both contributing to airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and lung function limitation. Airway smooth muscle (ASM) accumulation and extracellular matrix deposition are characteristic features of airway remodeling, which may contribute to persistent AHR. Laminins containing the α2-chain contribute to characteristics of ASM remodeling in vitro and AHR in animal models of asthma. The role of other laminin chains, including the laminin α4 and α5 chains, which contribute to leukocyte migration in other diseases, is currently unknown. The aim of the current study was to investigate the role of these laminin chains in ASM function and in AHR, remodeling, and inflammation in asthma. Expression of both laminin α4 and α5 was observed in the human and mouse ASM bundle. In vitro, laminin α4 was found to promote a pro-proliferative, pro-contractile, and pro-fibrotic ASM cell phenotype. In line with this, treatment with laminin α4 and α5 function-blocking antibodies reduced allergen-induced increases in ASM mass in a mouse model of allergen-induced asthma. Moreover, eosinophilic inflammation was reduced by the laminin α4 function-blocking antibody as well. Using airway biopsies from healthy subjects and asthmatic patients, we found inverse correlations between ASM α4-chain expression and lung function and AHR, whereas eosinophil numbers correlated positively with expression of laminin α4 in the ASM bundle. This study, for the first time, indicates a prominent role for laminin α4 in ASM function and in inflammation, AHR, and remodeling in asthma, whereas the role of laminin α5 is more subtle.
Recovery and Then Individual Separation of Platinum, Palladium, and Rhodium from Spent Car Catalytic Converters Using Hydrometallurgical Technique followed by Successive Precipitation Methods
Authors: Yousif Ahmed M.
Published: September 2019

Recovery of PGMs (especially rhodium, platinum, and palladium) from different spent manufactured products (like catalytic converters) is considered as an important task as they are rarely found in nature, and they possess high economic value. In this work, the honeycomb of a car catalytic converter was primarily processed by crushing, grinding, and then treating in a hydrogen atmosphere. In order to establish an economic and ecofriendly method for the recovery of studied PGMs, different experimental conditions of changing HCl/H2O2 (as a leaching solution) ratio, temperature, and contact time were studied through batch experiments to obtain the optimum leaching conditions. The use of 0.8 vol% H2O2 and 9.0 M HCl mixture at 60°C for a contact time of 2.5 hours during the leaching process may be considered as the best conditions to be followed to save chemicals, energy, and time (about 86%, 96%, and 98% of Rh, Pt, and Pd were recovered, respectively). Individual separation of PGM ions from each other using precipitation technique from their leaching liquor was performed where % purity values of 99.5, 99.3, and 95.5 were obtained for Pt, Pd, and Rh, respectively.
Epidemiology of Alcohol Use in Late Adolescence in Greece and Comorbidity with Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders
Authors: Michalis Grigorios , Bellos Stefanos , Politis Spyridon , Magklara Konstantina , Petrikis Petros , Skapinakis Petros
Published: September 2019

Background. The aim of the current study was to examine the prevalence and associations of hazardous alcohol use with sociodemographic variables and its comorbidity with depression and other common mental disorders in a sample of Greek adolescents between 16 and 18 year old. Methods. We recruited 2431 adolescents attending 25 senior high schools in Greece. We assessed depressive and anxiety disorders using the computerized version of a fully-structured psychiatric interview (the revised Clinical Interview Schedule / CIS-R). Alcohol use was assessed using questions taken from a previous WHO school survey. Results. Approximately one-third of adolescents (overall: 30.7%, boys: 39.2%, girls: 21.9%, p<0.001) consumed alcohol on a weekly basis. The experience of excessive consumption, leading to drunkenness at least two or more times in their lifetime, was reported by 15.39% of the adolescents (19.42% for the boys and 11.24% for the girls, p<0.001). Frequent alcohol consumption and drunkenness were strongly associated with the presence of depression, all other anxiety disorders except panic disorder, current smoking, and lifetime cannabis use, lower school performance, bad or fair relationship with parents, and increased health services use. Conclusion. Alcohol use is highly prevalent among Greek adolescents. Special attention for the development of more focused preventive strategies should be paid to adolescents suffering from depression or other common mental disorders.
Advanced Analytical Treatment of Fractional Logistic Equations Based on Residual Error Functions
Authors: Alshammari Saleh , Al-Smadi Mohammed , Al Shammari Mohammad , Hashim Ishak , Alias Mohd Almie
Published: September 2019

In this article, an analytical reliable treatment based on the concept of residual error functions is employed to address the series solution of the differential logistic system in the fractional sense. The proposed technique is a combination of the generalized Taylor series and minimizing the residual error function. The solution methodology depends on the generation of a fractional expansion in an effective convergence formula, as well as on the optimization of truncated errors,Resqjt, through the use of repeated Caputo derivatives without any restrictive assumptions of system nature. To achieve this, some logistic patterns are tested to demonstrate the reliability and applicability of the suggested approach. Numerical comparison depicts that the proposed technique has high accuracy and less computational effect and is more efficient.
Clinical Validation of Quality Improvements Using the Six Sigma Concept: A Case Study for Deep Brain Stimulation in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Polanski Witold H. , Klingelhoefer Lisa , Zolal Amir , Guenther Swen , Klein Johann , Schackert Gabriele , Reichmann Heinz , Sobottka Stephan B.
Published: September 2019

Background: The Six Sigma concept allows for the evaluation of quality changes after the implementation of new technical equipment or adjustment of perioperative procedures. Exemplarily, we applied this method for quality assessment in deep brain stimulation surgery (DBS) for Parkinson’s disease. Methods: The medical procedure and possible errors were registered. Then, 6 critical-to-quality characteristics regarding clinical outcome, surgical precision, and the surgical process were measured. The surgical procedure was then optimized in 2 steps, and its measurement, along with the analysis, was repeated twice. Results: By optimizing perioperative settings, the operation time could be reduced, and the precision of the lead placement could be increased. Clinical outcome, as measured by improvement in UPDRS-III, IV, and reduction of medication could also be improved with smaller required stimulation voltage. With directional leads considerable reduction of medication was achieved in 97% of patients (σ-value 3.39) compared to 83.7% (σ-value 2.53) with nondirectional leads. Conclusion: This study shows that the Six Sigma concept is a suitable quality tool to analyze and improve treatment quality of complex medical procedures such as lead positioning in DBS surgery in clinical routine. Our results suggest that directional leads in subthalamic nucleus DBS may have a favorable impact on patients’ outcome.
Nick Couldry:
Authors: Campanella Bruno
Published: September 2019

Entrevista com o pesquisador Nick Couldry. 

Professor de Mídia, London School of Economics and Political Science, Departamento de Mídia e Comunicações.

Londres, Reino Unido
A Classical Pentecostal Approach to Discipleship in Missions
Authors: Ireland Jerry M.
Published: September 2019

Most contemporary Pentecostal missiologies advocate a move away from classical Pentecostalism’s historic emphasis on the priority of evangelization (commonly described as the narrow sense of missions). In many ways this move parallels similar missiological perspectives among Evangelicals through the influence of the Lausanne Congresses between 1974 and 2010. In this essay the author argues that Scripture does not emphasize the church’s call to transform the world but the church’s need to be transformed itself within the world as a testimony of God’s abiding presence. Building especially on the work of Paul Pomerville, Johannes Blauw, and Harry Boer, the author offers a fresh take on an old missiology, one in which the church in the age of the Spirit must especially be understood in light of God’s concern for the nations.
Taxonomic revision of South African Memecylon (Melastomataceae—Olisbeoideae), including three new species

Authors: STONE ROBERT DOUGLAS , MONA IMERCIA GRACIOUS , STYLES DAVID , BURROWS JOHN , RAMDHANI SYD
Published: September 2019

Earlier works recognised two South African species Memecylon bachmannii and M. natalense within M. sect. Buxifolia, but recent molecular analyses have revealed that M. natalense as previously circumscribed is not monophyletic and includes several geographically outlying populations warranting treatment as distinct taxa. In this revision we recognise five endemic South African species of which M. bachmannii and M. natalense are both maintained but with narrower circumscriptions, and M. kosiense, M. soutpansbergense and M. australissimum are newly described. Memecylon kosiense is localised in north-eastern KwaZulu-Natal (Maputaland) and is closely related to M. incisilobum of southern Mozambique. Memecylon soutpansbergense, from Limpopo Province, was previously confused with M. natalense but is clearly distinguished on vegetative characters. Memecylon australissimum occurs in the Eastern Cape (Hluleka and Dwesa-Cwebe nature reserves) and has relatively small leaves like those of M. natalense, but the floral bracteoles are persistent and the fruit is ovoid as in M. bachmannii. We further designate a lectotype for M. natalense, provide an updated key to the South African species of Memecylon, and provisionally assess the status of each species in accordance with International Union for Conservation of Nature criteria.
Morphological and phylogenic evidences reveal a new Seiridium species in China

Authors: JIANG NING , LIANG YING-MEI , TIAN CHENG-MING
Published: September 2019

During the fungal collection trip in China, three Seiridium isolates were obtained from cankered tissues of the Chinese windmill palm (Trachycarpus fortunei) branches. Identification of these isolates was conducted by morphological characters on PDA plates, and combined ITS, RPB2, TEF and TUB sequences data. Hence, Seiridium chinense sp. nov. was described herein, which represents a new member from Arecaceae plants. Seiridium chinense is distinguished from its phylogenetically close species, S. venetum, by having wider conidia.