bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Curriculum Hours and Approaches to Instruction in Veterinary Ophthalmology: A Global Survey of Veterinary Schools
Authors: Leis Marina L. , Reniers Jennifer , Dempster Matthew , Pinard Chantale L.
Published: December 2024

Reports regarding curricula in ophthalmology across veterinary schools are not currently available. The objective of this study was therefore to investigate the number of contact hours and approaches to teaching ophthalmology in the curriculum of English-speaking veterinary schools worldwide. An online survey was distributed to 51 veterinary colleges in North America, the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, and the Caribbean. Questions pertained to hours dedicated to didactic and laboratory-based instruction, species used, final-year rotations, in-person compared with online instruction, and effective and less effective approaches to teaching veterinary ophthalmology. Descriptive statistics of the quantitative survey responses and a thematic analysis of the open-ended responses were conducted, respectively. A 71% ( n = 36/51) response rate was recorded, and the average number of American or European board-certified ophthalmologist instructors per veterinary college was 2.33. Total didactic contact hours varied from 6 to 63 hours ( M = 25.6 ± 15.7 hours), and total laboratory contact hours varied from 0 to 153 hours ( M = 25.47 ± 38.17 hours), mainly occurring in the fourth year. Dogs were the most used species in surgical exercises (40%). Final-year rotations occurred in 88% of schools, and 88% of instruction was conducted in person across all schools. Case-based learning, review of basic sciences, and use of video were identified as effective didactic teaching strategies by 72% (26/36), 47% (17/36), and 31% (11/36) of schools, respectively. This report can serve as a reference for future studies guiding curricular delivery in veterinary ophthalmology.
Impact of BRAINART: A Music-Based Interactive Technology Tool on Cognition, Behavioural Symptoms, and Quality of Life of People With Cognitive Decline: A Mixed Methods Study in Italy and Switzerland
Authors: Biscaro Verena , Sozzi Matteo , Spada Danilo , De Benedetti Anna , Fumagalli Stefano , Millul Andrea , Salmaggi Andrea , Corbo Massimo
Published: December 2024

Elderly individuals affected by neurodegenerative diseases or cerebrovascular disorders commonly exhibit a progressive decline in cognitive function, accompanied by psychiatric and neurobehavioral symptoms that may be ameliorated through the utilisation of non-pharmacological interventions.
The primary aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of novel intervention approaches with technological tools for cognitive stimulation in a geriatric population experiencing cognitive impairment. Interactive cognitive stimulation activities, integrating a robust musical element, were employed not only to enhance cognitive functions but also to promote social interaction among participants.
Eight Italian long-term care homes (LTCHs) and day centres, along with two facilities in Switzerland, participated in the study. Each facility was provided with an interactive table featuring serious games, available for approximately one month. Subjects voluntarily engaged in group-based stimulation sessions comprising two to four individuals.
A total of 25 health assistants and 110 subjects with cognitive impairment took part in the study. Overall, there was a significant improvement in participants’ QUALID scores upon completion of the study (t = 2.9191; df = 99; p < 0.005). Interestingly, individuals who attended a greater number of sessions exhibited more pronounced psychiatric and behavioural symptoms, as well as lower quality of life scores at both the beginning (T0) and end (T1) of the trial.
It is important to note that this study was not a randomized controlled trial (RCT) and participant recruitment was based on voluntary participation without strict inclusion criteria for ensuring proper randomization.
This pioneering approach demonstrates the capacity to synergistically enhance conventional methods of cognitive stimulation and socialization for elderly individuals with cognitive impairment.
Transhumanism – Old Challenges in a New Garb?
Authors: Anke Iman Bouzenita
Published: December 2024

Transhumanism, a philosophical, cultural and political movement, holds that human development is still in an early phase to be radically changed by technology. Singularity describes the point in time where man and machine (or artificial intelligence, AI) will merge, giving way to unforeseen possibilities. Transhumanist visions entail the annihilation of any distinction between the biological and the mechanical or between the physical and virtual reality. This paper critically analyses transhumanism and identifies it as a conglomerate of old ideas in technologically-backed dystopian garb, a substitute religion (Ersatzreligion) without the Creator. It discusses the intellectual fallacies of the underlying ideas of this concept, while pinpointing possible repercussions on contemporary society. The discussion will focus on the ideas of enhancement, AI and the body-mind-soul complex from an Islamic perspective, giving relevant answers to the main tenets of transhumanism and the challenges it may pose.
INCLUSÃO ESCOLAR NO ENSINO MÉDIO INTEGRADO
Authors: Carvalho Francisco Roberto da Silva de
Published: December 2024

A inclusão escolar de estudantes com deficiência no Ensino Médio Integrado é um tema relevante, especialmente no contexto das modalidades de ensino que integram formação geral e técnica. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar as perspectivas e os desafios enfrentados no processo de inclusão escolar de estudantes com deficiência em instituições de educação profissional e tecnológica. A pesquisa, de caráter bibliográfico, baseou-se na análise de artigos, legislações e documentos acadêmicos relacionados ao tema. Os resultados apontaram como principais desafios a falta de infraestrutura acessível, a formação insuficiente de docentes e a ausência de Atendimento Educacional Especializado (AEE), além de destacar a atuação limitada dos Núcleos de Apoio às Pessoas com Necessidades Educacionais Específicas (NAPNEs). Conclui-se que, apesar dos avanços legislativos, é fundamental um maior alinhamento entre políticas públicas e ações institucionais para garantir uma educação inclusiva efetiva e equitativa.
Estimation of population genetic diversity based on mitochondrial DNA analysis of plant-parasitic nematodes Pratylenchus genus (Nematoda: Pratylenchidae)
Authors: AMINISARTESHNIZI MEHRNOUSH
Published: December 2024

Root-lesion nematodes of the Pratylenchus are an important pest parasitizing a wide range of vascular plants, including several economically important crops. However, morphological diagnosis of more than 100 species is problematic due to the low number of diagnostic features, high morphological plasticity, and incomplete taxonomic descriptions. In order to employ bar-coding-based diagnostics, we analysed the most important species of Pratylenchus based on COI sequences. Therefore, in 2024, a study was undertaken at the University of Limpopo to estimate population genetic diversity within the Pratylenchus genus based on the cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) region. A total of 73 sequences GenBank were utilized, representing 13 species (Pratylenchus sp., P. zeae, P. parazeae, P. vulnus, P. scribneri, P. brachyurus, P. coffeae, P. loosi, P. horti, P. hippeastri, P. penetrans, P. neglectus, and P. thornei.). The phylogenetic analyses grouped all the species into 14 clades, which separated all species. Haplotype analysis revealed 32 different haplotypes for all species. The average haplotype diversity (Hd) value was 0.96, with high nucleotide diversity (π = 0.29). In conclusion, our results revealed a significant genetic structure among all the species analysed.
Cryolite as a reference mineral for rare metal mineralization (experimental study)
Authors: Rusak А. А. , Shchеkina Т. I. , Zinovieva N. G. , Bychkov А. Y. , Lukanin О. А.
Published: December 2024

The phase relationships and distributions of rare earth elements, Sc, Y and Li between aluminofluoride and aluminosilicate melts in the model granite system Si-Al-Na-K-Li-F-O-H at 700 °C, 1 and 2 kbar with a water content from 3 to 50 wt. %. were experimentally studied. Based on the obtained and available experimental data on phase relationships in a granite system saturated with water, fluorine and containing rare elements, a comparison was made with the parageneses of rare-metal cryolite-containing granites from three deposits in Eastern Siberia are Zashikhinsky, Katuginsky and Ulug-Tanzeksky. It has been shown that the processes of liquid immiscibility between granite and salt aluminofluoride melts, which manifest themselves at high contents of fluorine and lithium in the system, contribute to the accumulation of rare elements in salt cryolite-like melts. At a temperature of 700 °C and a pressure of 1 and 2 kbar, crystallization of the aluminofluoride melt occurs in the granite system, from which cryolite is formed. It is in association with cryolite and lithium micas that the considered natural objects contain minerals of rare and rare earth elements containing fluorine, such as pyrochlore, gagarinite, etc. As a result of a comparison of experimental and natural data, the hypothesis about the important role of liquid immiscibility in the formation of cryolite is confirmed. It is assumed that cryolite can serve as a reference mineral for rare metal-rare earth mineralization in granites with high lithium and fluorine content.
Use of Micropreparative Cell Lysate Fractionation in Studying the Effect of Natural Killer Cells on The Phenotype, Migration and Apoptosis of Trophoblast Cells In Vitro
Authors: Korenevsky A. V. , Milyutina Yu. P. , Bochkovsky S. K. , Oshkolova A. A. , Bespalova O. N. , Selkov S. A. , Sokolov D. I.
Published: December 2024

Natural killer (NK) cells are a population of innate immune cells that have cytotoxic functions and are involved in protecting the body from viruses and transformed cells. Placental development is determined largely by the interaction of decidual NK cells and trophoblast cells. During pregnancy, NK cells accumulate around trophoblast cells, while regulating trophoblast proliferation, migration and invasion through the secretion of cytokines and growth factors. The trophoblast, in turn, secretes chemokines and expresses ligands for NK cell adhesion receptors. Thus, the regulation of trophoblast and NK cell function is reciprocal. Despite intensive research, the role of NK cells and methods for correcting their functional activity in reproduction remain controversial. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of protein fractions of NK cell lysate on the phenotype, migration and apoptosis of trophoblast cells in an in vitro model experiment, using a new methodological approach. With chromatographic separation, we obtained six fractions with different protein cargoes therein. It was found that CD105 (endoglin) expression by trophoblast cells of the JEG-3 cell line after their cultivation in the presence of high- (250 kDa) or low molecular weight (45 kDa) fractions of NK-92 natural killer cell lysate was reduced compared to spontaneous expression, while the relative count of trophoblast cells with the CD105+ phenotype was also lowered. Besides, one of the low molecular weight fractions decreased TRAIL-R2 receptor expression by trophoblast cells. The high molecular weight fractions did not enable trophoblast cells to migrate completely through the semi-permeable membrane, with the area occupied by the migrated cells not exceeding the base control area. In addition, the high molecular weight fraction containing the TGFβ dimer increased p-SMAD2/3 level in trophoblast cells one hour after co-culture, followed by a decrease in this phosphorylated form content after two or more hours, and also elevated procaspase-3 level one day after co-culture. The data obtained hypothetically reflect the possible behavior of chorion cells under the influence of collapsing NK cells in the event of their death in both normal and pathological conditions caused by viral and bacterial infections, as well as other stress factors leading to reproductive pathology.
Comparative Study of the Temperature Coefficient Q10 of Hibernating
Ground Squirrels Urocitellus undulatus and Cooled Rats of Different Ages
Authors: Zakharova N. M. , Tarahovsky Yu. S. , Khrenov M. O.
Published: December 2024

The temperature coefficients Q10 of heart rate (Q10HR) or oxygen consumption (Q10Ox) were analyzed during the arises from torpor of long-tailed ground squirrels Urocitellus undulatus, as well as during the rewarming of precooled adult rats and rat pups. The Q10Ox value was calculated using a standard equation, whereas for calculating Q10HR, the equation was empirically modified to track changes in this parameter over a wide range of body temperatures (Tb). It was found that during the initial period of rewarming from torpor, at Th ≤ 10 ℃, ground squirrels experienced a sharp increase in the temperature coefficients up to Q10HR = 40 – 50 and Q10Ox = 6 – 7. Even higher values of Q10HR 100 were found at the beginning of rewarming of rat pups, although they had a low level of Q10Ox = 1.2. Adult rats could not withstand cooling below 16 ℃ and demonstrated moderate variability of both Q10HR = 2.0 – 4.0 and Q10Ox = 2.0 – 2.2. During the restoration of normal Tb, the Q10HR in all animals approached the level ~2.0 predicted by the Van't Hoff-Arrhenius rule for chemical reactions in both living and inanimate nature. We assume that high values of Q10HR and Q10Ox, detected in the early period of ground squirrel’s arousal from hibernation, may reveal the functioning of adaptive processes aimed at accelerating body warming. Resistance to cooling and high Q10HR coefficient in the rat pups may indicate rudimentary adaptability to hibernation in the juvenile period of rats, as representatives of the order Rodentia, which also includes natural hibernators such as ground squirrels.
Neonatal Hypoxia Induces Behavioral Deficit Associated with Impairment in the Glucocorticoid and Serotonergic Systems in Adult Rats
Authors: Tyulkova E. I. , Stratilov V. A. , Vetrovoy O. V.
Published: December 2024

We investigated the behavioral responses, raphe serotonin levels, and serum concentrations of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), corticosterone, and serotonin in adult rats subjected to three sessions of hypobaric hypoxia (360 mmHg, 2 hours each) within 8-10 days post-partum. This non-invasive rat model of neonatal hypoxia (NH) simulates mild perinatal hypoxic trauma in fetuses and premature infants. At 3 months of age, NH-exposed rats exhibited reduced exploratory behavior and increased anxiety in both the open field and plus maze tests. These behavioral changes were accompanied by decreased serotonin levels in the raphe nuclei. In the blood serum of adult NH-exposed rats, corticosterone and serotonin levels remained unaltered, while ACTH levels showed a significant decrease. Our findings suggest that early postnatal hypoxic stress disrupts the serotonin system and alters HPA axis function, leading to long-lasting behavioral changes.
On the Mechanism of Lateral Asymmetry of Noise Emission from a Propeller Installed Near a Wing
Authors: Kopyev V. F. , Ostrikov N. N. , Faranosov G. A. , Titarev V. A. , Denisov S. L. , Akinshin R. V.
Published: December 2024

The effect of lateral asymmetry in the radiation pattern of a propeller installed near the wing is studied. Within the framework of a simplified theoretical model of the propeller loading noise and its shielding by a half-plane, as well as using numerical modeling of the interaction of the propeller with a flat finite plate, it is shown that when the propeller and the scattering surface are close to each other, a significant lateral asymmetry of the propeller tonal noise emission in the far field appears. The mechanism of this effect, which accompanies the symmetrical sound directivity of the propeller itself and the symmetry of the scatterer (wing), is associated with the phased summation of the sound field emitted directly by the propeller and the secondary sound field generated on the surface of the wing due to the scattering of disturbances (mainly hydrodynamic) created by the propeller on the leading edge of the wing. Thus, the study demonstrated that the presence of lateral asymmetry in the noise radiation pattern inherent in propeller-driven aircraft is a consequence of the interaction of the propellers and closely spaced wings.
Rapid Estimation of Supersonic Civil Aircraft Sonic Boom Characteristics in Standard Atmosphere Based on Analytical Solutions. Cruise Flight
Authors: Korunov A. O. , Gusev V. A. , Gorbovskoy V. S.
Published: December 2024

A method for rapid estimations of supersonic civil aircraft sonic boom characteristics in standard atmosphere is proposed. The piece-wise linearity of the temperature profile and the absence of atmospheric wind allow to completely reduce the problem on the geometry of the propagation of sonic boom waves to an algebraic form. For acoustic pressure, an exact solution is formulated on the basis of the approach of nonlinear geometric acoustics. The dependence of the geometry of the sonic boom waves propagation on the parameters of the aircraft cruise flight is analyzed. Under the conditions of the third seminar SBPW (Sonic Boom Prediction Workshop) 2020, ground overpressure signatures from the X-59 demonstrator were calculated.
Determination of the Minimum Number of Compensating Monopole Sources Required to Suppress the Integral Radiation Level
Authors: Fiks I. Sh. , Fiks G. E.
Published: December 2024

Using multidimensional optimization algorithms, the problem of determining the minimum number of compensating monopole sources located in free space on two spherical surfaces surrounding the primary source, providing a given value of suppression of its integral radiation level, was numerically solved.
New Features of the Acoustic Journal Archive Site
Authors: Gorshkov A. B. , Shamaev V. G.
Published: December 2024

The current state of the Acoustic Journal Archive is presented with a description of its English-language part. The prospects for the development of the Archive are discussed in connection with the discrepancy between the contents of the journal and its English-language version, “Acoustical Physics”. The “Open Access” trend in access to scientific literature, which has become widespread, is commented on.
Crystallization temperatures of vetreny belt komatiitic basalts, Karelia, based on partition of alumina between olivine and chromite
Authors: Asafova E. V. , Koshlyakova A. N. , Sobolev A. V. , Tobelko D. P. , Koshlyakova N. N. , Mezhelovskaya S. V.
Published: December 2024

The Archean-Proterozoic transition in Earth's history is marked by significant changes in mantle dynamics and temperature regimes. A notable consequence is the disappearance of Al-depleted komatiites in the late Archean and the nearly complete absence of true komatiites since the Proterozoic. In this study, we present the investigation of the 2.41 Ga komatiitic basalts of the Vetreny Belt, dating back to the Archean-Proterozoic boundary. These rocks provide unique data on the composition of olivine and chromite, as well as on the crystallization temperatures based on Al-in-olivine geothermometry for Vetreny Belt komatiitic basalts. The temperatures of the earliest stages of crystallization were approximately 1240±25°C, indicating the presence of water in the melt and aligning with measured water contents of 0.4±0.2 wt. % H2O in the melt inclusions. However, during crystallization, the komatiitic basalt melt underwent degassing, resulting in mass crystallization and a temperature rise of approximately 20°C due to latent heat release. The degassing of water from the melt suggests crystallization in the surface conditions.
The first discovery of the paleoproterozoic aillikite dykes in Sarmatia: geochemistry and petrogenesis
Authors: Savko K. A. , Samsonov A. V. , Tsybulyaev S. V. , Bazikov N. S. , Korish E. H. , Terentiev R. A.
Published: December 2024

The aillikite dykes of carbonate-biotite composition, intersecting the Paleoproterozoic banded iron formations, were discovered in the Kursk block of Sarmatia for the first time. Their age is 2.10–2.07 Ga. The aillikite dykes have undergone epidote-amphibolite facies metamorphism (550 °С, 2–3 kbar), they are deformed and fouled; primary magmatic olivine and pyroxene did not survive. Geochemically, the ultramafic lamprophyres of the Kursk block are close to the petrotypical aillikites. They have low SiO2 and Al2O3 concentrations, high MgO, TiO2, K2O, Cr, Ni, Nb and strongly fractionated LREE and HREE. According to available data, the aillikites and the Dubravinsky complex carbonatites could have been formed at different stages of melting of the uniform deep lithospheric source, which was enriched by lithophile elements shortly before the melting episode, possibly at the suprasubduction environment at ca. 2.1 Ga.
Sources of Neogene rare metal-titanium placers of the northeastern side of the Dnieper-Donetsk Basin: first results of U–Pb geochronological studies of detrital zircon
Authors: Chefranova A. V. , Erofeeva K. G. , Dubenskiy A. S.
Published: December 2024

The sources of terrigenous material involved in the structure of Neogene rare metal-titanium placers on the northeastern side of the Dnieper-Donetsk Basin (DDB) were determined using lithological and mineralogical methods was used, including U-Pb geochronological and chemical study of detrital zircon. Characteristics of the accessory mineral association of the placer, the morphology of individual mineral grains, and the depletion of U, Th, Y, Yb in most of the zircon population indicate that the source was chemical residue probably formed on Proterozoic (70%) and Neoarchean (15%) metamorphic rocks. The presence of zircon crystals with Paleozoic U-Pb age and high contents of U, Th, Y and Yb indicates the proximal source destruction of igneous rocks of Neoproterozoic-Early Paleozoic trap formations, Devonian igneous and volcanic-sedimentary rocks of the DDB. Perhaps the development of salt tectonics, which is widespread in the DDB, facilitated the involvement of debris from the above rocks in sedimentary recycling.
The role of the back-arc basin in forming slab heterogeneity and generating volcanism in the Kuril-Kamchata Island arc
Authors: Bergal-Kuvikas O. V. , Gordeev E. I. , Koulakov I. Yu.
Published: December 2024

Origin of volcanism along the Kuril-Kamchatka island arc (KKIA) was analyzed. Geophysical observations show variations in slabʼs properties. Different widths of the volcanic belt in the north and south of the KKIA are caused by changes in the slab's angle. The Bussol Strait rift system may be generated by significant changes in the slab's velocity. We proposed that the back-arc basin plays a dominant role in formation various slabʼs parameters and volcanism manifestations along the KKIA.
Lithospheric structure of the Sarmatia north-eastern part based on new seismological data
Authors: Adushkin V. V. , Goev A. G. , Vinogradov Yu. A. , Shapovalov A. V.
Published: December 2024

For the first time, based on the receiver function technique, lithospheric velocity models of the Khoper block and the Losevskaya suture zone was obtained. Mentioned structures belongs to the Voronezh crystalline massif of the Sarmatia protocraton. The crust is defined by a four-layer structure with the presence of a waveguide in the lower crust. For the Khoper block of Sarmatia, the presence and characteristics of low velocity zone in the upper mantle at depths of 110–150 km, marking mid-lithospheric discontinuity (MLD), have been identified and determined. A complex, possibly gradient, structure of the crust-mantle transition has been revealed.
The loading effect of the atmosphere to the hydrosphere
Authors: Dolgikh G. I. , Bolsunovskii M. A.
Published: December 2024

When processing satellite data of total electron content on the route between GLONASS, GPS satellites and ground receiving stations located in the Primorsky Territory of Russia, disturbances of the electronic layer with periods ranging from 5 minutes to 45 minutes caused by natural fluctuations in the atmospheric region were identified. The isolated vibrations affecting the sea surface cause fluctuations in the aquatic environment with periods ranging from 5 minutes to 40 minutes.
U-Pb age of detrital zircons from the Middle Permian Sabantuy chromite paleoplacer (Southern Pre-Urals)
Authors: Rakhimov I. R. , Pushkarev E. V. , Chervyakovskiy V. S. , Dyakova S. A.
Published: December 2024

The first U-Pb dating of detrital zircon from chromite sandstones of the Middle Permian Sabantuy paleoplacer, localized in the Southern Pre-Urals, has been obtained. The distribution of U-Pb dates is unimodal with a peak at 420–400 Ma. Two-thirds of all ages are Devonian, and more than half of them correspond to the Early Devonian, during which supra-subduction ophiolitic and accompanying high-pressure metamorphic complexes were formed in the Southern Urals, and ultramafic-mafic magmatism was occurred. These spatially combined geological bodies exposed in the melange zone of the Main Uralian Fault or tectonically moved to the west of it as a ophiolite allochthons, are the main sources of detrital chromite and zircon in the Sabantuy paleoplacer.
Sand deposits in the Tokko basin of the Baikal rift zone: sources and provenance areas
Authors: Skovitina T. M. , Kotov A. B. , Buchnev I. N. , Kovach V. P. , Velikoslavinskii S. D. , Tolmacheva E. V. , Adamskaya E. V. , Bobrovskaya O. V. , Gorovoy V. A.
Published: December 2024

The paper presents the results of U-Th-Pb (LA-ICP-MS) geochronological studies of detrital zircon from Quaternary sands of the Tokko basin on the eastern flank of the Baikal rift zone. The study shows, that their main sources were Mesoarchean tonalite-trondhjemite orthogneisses and metavolcanics, as well as Meso- and Neoarchean syn- and post-collision granitoids of the Charа-Olekma geoblock of the Aldan shield, which are located near the Tokko basin. Moreover, the supply of sedimentary material into it could have occurred during the melting of glaciers that covered the Udokan Uplift in the south and the Kodar Uplift in the north in the Middle-Late Quaternary.
Geodynamic regime of the Charlie Gibbs twin transform fault eastern passive part (North Atlantic)
Authors: Sokolov S. Yu. , Denisova A. P. , Patina I. S.
Published: December 2024

Modern features of the geodynamic regime, defined from neotectonic deformations of the sedimentary cover and seismicity, show that the southern trough of the Charlie Gibbs twin transform fault develops in the transtension mode, and the northern one in the transpression mode. Features of activity in the structure of the sedimentary section upper part were noted in the eastern passive parts of the fault at a distance of at least 150 km from the active rift zone of MAR. Dislocations of normal fault kinematics, signs of increased sedimentation rate and mass transport deposits of landslide processes near the slopes of the trough are manifested in the sedimentary section of the southern trough. Median ridge with folded structures overlain by sediments with angular unconformity is established in the axial part of the northern trough. Faults south of the ridge are interpreted as thrusts. At the present stage, the Northern trough is accompanied by the formation of a piercement structures chain of the median ridge during the compression of deep matter and concomitant deformations of the sedimentary cover.
Inclusion of kokchetavite in a diamond crystal from Venezuela: an evidence of continental crust subduction
Authors: Korsakov A. V. , Mikhailenko D. S. , Serebryannikov A. O. , Logvinova A. M. , Gladkochub D. P.
Published: December 2024

We have examined in detail diamond crystals from the Guanyamo placer deposit (Venezuela) with numerous mineral inclusions. Inclusions in the studied diamonds are represented by a typical set of eclogite-paragenesis indicator minerals: omphacite, garnet, kyanite, coesite and rutile. In addition to single mineral inclusions, polyphaser inclusions have also been diagnosed. The mineral associations of polyphase inclusions adjacent to each other within a distance of less than 100 micrometres within the same growth zone can vary significantly. For example, in one of the diamond crystals studied, polyphase inclusions are represented by the following associations: sanidine – dolomite – anatase and magnetite – rutile – dolomite – apatite – kokchetavite – graphite. It should be noted that this is the first discovery of kokchetavite as an inclusion in diamond crystals of kimberlite origin. Previously, this hexagonal polymorphic modification of KAlSi3O8 had only been diagnosed in minerals from continental crustal rocks formed under conditions of high or ultra-high mafic metamorphism. Thus, the presence of kokchetavite as inclusions in diamond crystals carried by kimberlites allows us to infer the subduction of continental crustal material to mantle depths and its important role in metasomatic alteration of upper mantle rocks.
Spatial variability of the methane hydrates stability zone upper boundary parameters in the water column of the Sea of Okhotsk
Authors: Shakirov R. B. , Luchin V. A. , Petrova E. A.
Published: December 2024

Based on all available oceanological information (131, 286 stations carried out from 1929 to 2020), for the first time for the Sea of Okhotsk, spatial patterns of the methane hydrate stability zone upper boundary (water temperature, salinity, depth of the upper boundary in the water column) parameters distribution are presented and discussed. The methane hydrate stability zone model is considered. We are revealed that in the Sea of Okhotsk, the minimum water temperature and the minimum depth of the upper boundary of the gas hydrate stability zone (less than 1°C and 300–320 m, respectively) are located near the eastern slope of Sakhalin Island. The maximum water temperature and maximum depth of the upper boundary (1.5–1.7°C and 340–350 m, respectively) are characteristic of the area adjacent to the central and northern straits of the Kuril Islands Arc, as well as above the slope of the Kamchatka Peninsula. The salinity values at the upper boundary of the methane hydrate stability zone in the Sea of Okhotsk vary within a narrow range from 33.4 to 33.6 psu, which is quite close to conditions for the stability of methane hydrate in seawater obtained by us. An area where in the water column there are no favorable thermobaric conditions for the formation and existence of methane hydrates has been identified.
Restoration of the properties of organomineral gels in dried soil samples
Authors: Fedotov G. N. , Shoba S. A. , Ushkova D. A. , Gorepekin I. V. , Salimgareeva O. A. , Sukharev A. I.
Published: December 2024

It was previously established that soil drying changes their properties and, in particular, the characteristics of a specific soil organic substance – humic substances (HS). HS is the basis of soil organomineral gels that cover and bind soil particles. When water is removed from the soil, hydrophobization and compression of gels occur, as a result of which the properties of soil samples may change. The restoration of soil gels of air-dry samples should reduce the discrepancy between the data obtained when studying the soil properties of dried and non-dried soil samples. The purpose of the work is to find ways to restore the structure of soil gels. Samples of 6 types of soils were studied. Methods of vibration viscometry, laser diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), photocolorimetry and conductometry were used in the work. It has been found that drying of soil samples increases the size of supramolecular formations (SMFs) from the soil and reduces the viscosity of soil pastes, a parameter characterizing the structure and ability of gels to swell. To restore the structure of soil gels, it is proposed to reduce the size of the SMFs from the HS to the initial ones. SMFs separation of air-dry samples was carried out by moistening the soils and subsequent treatment with various influences: temperature, ultrasound and freezing. Using SEM, it is shown that heating and ultrasound treatment do not reduce, but increase the size of the SMFs. Humidification of air-dry soils, exposure to moisture for 2 weeks and subsequent freezing bring the viscosity of pastes of a number of studied soils closer to the condition of samples that have not been dried. This process occurs due to the return of the SMFs size to the values of the initial soils, as evidenced by the data on the distribution of the size of suspended particles on a laser diffractometer. Thus, a method for restoring gel structures in dried soils to the state of the original soils is proposed.
Analisis Perilaku Masyarakat dalam Pengelolaan Sampah Rumah Tangga di Desa Pulau Baguk Kecamatan Pulau Banyak Kabupaten Aceh Singkil
Authors: Dwinta Dea Salsadillah , Zakaria Radhiah , Andria Dedi
Published: December 2024

Sampah merupakan salah satu sisa kegiatan sehari-hari manusia dan atau dari proses alam yang berbentuk padat maupun cair. Dampaknya sangat merugikan, menyebabkan kerusakan pada terumbu karang, penurunan populasi hewan-hewan laut, dan merusak keindahan alam bawah laut yang seharusnya menjadi warisan berharga untuk generasi mendatang, mengurangi kunjungan wisata. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan perilaku pengelolaan sampah rumah tangga  Di Desa Pulau Baguk Kecamatan Pulau Banyak Kabupaten Aceh Singkil. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Populasi pada penelitian ini seluruh ibu/ayah sebagai kepala rumah tangga di Desa Pulau Baguk Kecamatan Pulau Banyak Kabupaten Aceh Singkil berjumlah 295 KK. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan rumus Slovin dan diperoleh sampel sebanyak 75 responden, sampel dipilih menggunakan teknik random sampling. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada tanggal 19 - 25 Januari 2024. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Analisis data menggunakan uji chi-square memakai aplikasi SPSS. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perilaku pengelolaan sampah rumah tangga tidak baik sebesar 61,3%, pengetahuan kurang baik sebesar 53,3%, sikap negatif sebesar 53,3% dan ketersediaan sarana tidak ada sebesar 57,3%. Dari hasil uji statistik dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada hubungan antara pengetahuan (p-value 0,000), sikap (p-value 0,000), dan ketersediaan sarana (p-value 0,027), dengan perilaku pengelolaan sampah rumah tangga  Di Desa Pulau Baguk Kecamatan Pulau Banyak Kabupaten Aceh Singkil Tahun 2024.  Disarankan kepada masyarakat dan pihak terkait di Desa Pulau Baguk untuk secara aktif menerapkan prinsip 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle), menghindari pembuangan sampah ke laut, serta tidak membakar sampah secara terbuka
Caso clínico: neumopatía por herbicidas y su manejo a través de terapia ocupacional
Authors: Enríquez Córdoba Angie Carolina , Ardila Villareal Ginna Marcela
Published: December 2024

Se presenta el caso clínico de un paciente con diagnóstico de neumopatía y otras comorbilidades que comprometen tanto el sistema pulmonar como el cardiaco. El objetivo del estudio fue brindar un informe de la intervención realizada por Terapia Ocupacional, desde el desarrollo de valoración hasta el proceso de intervención; cuya intervención se basó en los intereses y causalidad personal del paciente. En la metodología, se incluyeron formatos estandarizados de evaluación, planes de seguimiento y actividades con propósito. Los resultados fueron significativos, ya que el paciente incrementó el nivel de funcionalidad e independencia para el desarrollo de sus actividades cotidianas. En conclusión, se destaca la importancia de un enfoque multidisciplinario en la atención de la salud, así como la relevancia de la intervención basada en la ocupación y motivación.
Mechanical Performance Analysis of Negative Poisson’s Ratio Material Anchor Bolts
Authors: Cheng Peng , Wu Xunyu , Chen Jiahao , Yu Yalin , Li Zhengyuan , Chu Tianle , Wang Haotian
Published: December 2024

This study aims to comprehensively analyze the mechanical performance of anchors made from negative Poisson’s ratio (NPR) materials compared to traditional anchors. By combining tensile testing of anchor bolts with numerical simulations, evaluations were made on their performance in tensile strength, deformation characteristics, and durability. Experimental results demonstrate that NPR material anchors exhibit significantly better resistance to transverse deformation and energy absorption capabilities compared to traditional anchors, particularly showing improved stability under dynamic loads. Finite element analysis further validates experimental findings and reveals unique stress distribution patterns specific to NPR materials. Through comparative analysis, this study quantifies not only the mechanical advantages of NPR material anchors but also identifies their potential application value. These findings provide important theoretical support for the application of NPR material anchors in underground engineering and soil reinforcement, while also guiding future optimization in design.
Contribution to Improving the Rheological and Mechanical Performance of Sand Concretes Intended for Hydraulic Structures
Authors: Briki Lyamine , Benzeroual Belkacem , Zidani Kamel
Published: December 2024

Some finely ground cement additives, such as slag, pozzolan and limestone, have a more or less marked influence on the physical, mechanical and chemical characteristics of concrete. With this in mind, the approach recommended in this study is to develop an economically reliable concrete, by completely replacing the construction sand with another sand dosed by the addition of 18% of 0/80µm limestone fillers. This sand is obtained by demolding residual waste from granular products. The study focused on the mechanical characterization of the new concrete, namely its strength, durability, impermeability and its ability to resist any aggression, while proposing a new matrix [concrete – fluntkut (bituminous emulation)]. Its objective is to valorize waste in terms of industrial fines accumulated in huge quantities at the level of quarries in Algeria. The results acquired have shown that the concretes made are very well responded to the addition of limestone fillers and reinforce their good resistance to ordinary OPC concrete. This reconstituted concrete sand has acquired a strong presence of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) which allows it to react easily with the silica SiO2 contained in the cement.
Analysis and Design of Key Technologies for Intelligent Navigation Ship
Authors: Zhou Dan , Fan Minghua , Li Yabin , Yao Zhixuan
Published: December 2024

Intelligent navigation of ships is the core content of intelligent ships, and the development of key technologies for intelligent navigation of ships plays a decisive role in the implementation of intelligent navigation. This article analyzes and proposes the framework and key technology system of intelligent navigation system for ships. The intelligent navigation system for ships includes three parts: intelligent navigation, intelligent navigation protection, and shore based remote control center. The key technologies for intelligent navigation of ships mainly include intelligent perception and recognition, intelligent route planning, intelligent collision avoidance, communication navigation, and remote driving control. Analyze the implementation process of key technologies such as intelligent perception and cognition, intelligent route planning, and intelligent collision avoidance in response to the needs and characteristics of intelligent navigation of ships. Propose a key technology implementation process plan for intelligent navigation of ships, providing direction for the construction of intelligent navigation systems and technical systems for ships.
Optimization Design Method of Pre-Swirl Fairing in Front of the Propeller
Authors: Tian Zheng , Zhang Baoji
Published: December 2024

To meet the requirements of the Energy Efficiency Existing Ship Index (EEXI) and achieve the goal of energy saving and emission reduction, energy-saving devices are commonly installed on ships, such as the pre-swirl fairings in front of propellers. This device changes the direction of the water flow into the propeller, thereby reducing the rotational loss of the propeller and enhancing propulsion efficiency. This paper proposes an automatic optimization design method for the pre-swirl fairing in front of the propeller. The parametric deformation of the shroud is realized by the secondary development of 3D CAD software. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method is used to evaluate its performance, and the adaptive particle swarm optimization (APSO) algorithm is used to realize automatic optimization. The design and optimization of the pre-swirl fairing in front of the propeller of a bulk carrier are carried out. The results show that the energy-saving effect of the optimized energy-saving device can reach 4.18 %, which verifies the feasibility and effectiveness of the method proposed in this paper.
Integrating Emotional Modeling and Feedback in UAV Systems for Enhanced Traffic Monitoring and Smart Transportation Management
Authors: Zaidan Mohamed , Jabeur Nafaa , Yasar Ansar , Melchiori Michele
Published: December 2024

As Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) become integral to urban infrastructure, their ability to communicate effectively with human operators and adapt to dynamic environments is crucial. This paper presents an innovative approach to enhancing UAV performance in transportation and traffic monitoring by integrating emotional intelligence through the PAD (Pleasure, Arousal, Dominance) model. The proposed system architecture includes a comprehensive data collection layer that gathers diverse inputs from sensors and contextual information, a perception analysis layer that processes these inputs to generate emotional states using the PAD model, and a response layer that translates these emotional states into specific behaviors through behavioral mapping and adaptation modules. Detailed methodologies, including pseudocode and flowcharts for key modules such as data normalization, PAD calculation, mood updating, and mood octant determination, are provided for clarity and reusability. The system’s effectiveness is validated through practical scenarios such as routine surveillance, heavy traffic monitoring, and incident detection, demonstrating significant improvements in UAV adaptability and interaction. Key contributions include the development of a multi-dimensional emotional model for UAVs, a dynamic mood updater module, and the successful application of the PAD model in complex traffic monitoring scenarios. This approach significantly enhances UAV performance, ensuring more natural interactions with human operators and better adaptability to real-time traffic conditions. It paves the way for future exploration into emotionally intelligent autonomous UAV systems.
Development of a Trace-Based Driving Cycle for Doha Using Real-World Data
Authors: Zafar Usman , Méndez Carlos , Bayhan Sertac
Published: December 2024

The rapid expansion of anthropogenic infrastructure has increased commuting distances and patterns, particularly in countries like Qatar where personal vehicles dominate transportation. This trend has contributed to traffic congestion. This study introduces a Doha Driving Cycle (DC) to facilitate a tool that can be used to analyze various aspects of vehicle performance, including tailpipe emissions. The DC is developed using real-world data collected from vehicles equipped with on-board diagnostics devices. This data was meticulously processed and filtered before employing the microtrip approach to construct the driving cycle. Two distinct driving cycles were created to reflect seasonal variations in Doha’s driving patterns: one for the summer, characterized by greater variability in speed and acceleration, and one for the winter, marked by speeds with low variance. The resulting driving cycles reveal significant deviations from the Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Cycle (WLTC), underscoring the necessity of creating site-specific driving cycles for accurate environmental and performance assessments in Doha.
Creating a Traveller Digital Twin: Bluetooth Low Energy for Fine-Granular Traveller Localisation
Authors: Hösch Lukas , Käthner David , Christ Thomas
Published: December 2024

Using a traveller digital twin to collect real-time information can support future public transport features, such as personalised routing, automatic travel experience monitoring and real-time demand-based disruption management. For these features, reliable real-time information about travellers is crucial. This work describes how a Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) setup can be employed to localise travellers during their journey and represent their status in a traveller digital twin. We provide an overview of existing BLE applications in the transport sector and present our BLE beacon setup. We perform a statistical analysis of the BLE beacons’ signal performance in a test environment and present the results. We evaluate the performance of a BLE based traveller digital twin using real data acquired during a measurement campaign in a test environment.
Hanging Around: Cognitive Inspired Reasoning for Reactive Robotics
Authors: Pomarlan Mihai , De Giorgis Stefano , Ringe Rachel , Hedblom Maria M. , Tsiogkas Nikolaos
Published: December 2024

Situationally-aware artificial agents operating with competence in natural environments face several challenges: spatial awareness, object affordance detection, dynamic changes and unpredictability. A critical challenge is the agent’s ability to identify and monitor environmental elements pertinent to its objectives. Our research introduces a neurosymbolic modular architecture for reactive robotics. Our system combines a neural component performing object recognition over the environment and image processing techniques such as optical flow, with symbolic representation and reasoning. The reasoning system is grounded in the embodied cognition paradigm, via integrating image schematic knowledge in an ontological structure. The ontology is operatively used to create queries for the perception system, decide on actions, and infer entities’ capabilities derived from perceptual data. The combination of reasoning and image processing allows the agent to focus its perception for normal operation as well as discover new concepts for parts of objects involved in particular interactions. The discovered concepts allow the robot to autonomously acquire training data and adjust its subsymbolic perception to recognize the parts, as well as making planning for more complex tasks feasible by focusing search on those relevant object parts. We demonstrate our approach in a simulated world, in which an agent learns to recognize parts of objects involved in support relations. While the agent has no concept of handle initially, by observing examples of supported objects hanging from a hook it learns to recognize the parts involved in establishing support and becomes able to plan the establishment/destruction of the support relation. This underscores the agent’s capability to expand its knowledge through observation in a systematic way, and illustrates the potential of combining deep reasoning with reactive robotics in dynamic settings.