bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transparent telepresence research
Authors: Mair Gordon
Published: July 2002

This article outlines some of the recent telepresence and teleoperation work being carried out in the Transparent Telepresence Research Group at the University of Strathclyde. Teleoperation work involving remotely operated vehicles, remote sensor platforms, and remote manipulators is described. The implementation of head slaved monoscopic and stereoscopic camera platforms, binaural microphone and pinnae systems, and image and audio processing with integrated virtual reality is discussed. The most recent medium for long distance communication used by the group has been, uniquely, cellular mobile phone technology. The implications of using this very low bit‐rate communication method are discussed.
High speed delivery and low cost from new ABB packaging robot
Authors: Rooks Brian
Published: July 2002

Describes the latest robot, the IRB 340 FlexPicker, from ABB Flexible Automation that is designed for high speed picking and placing operations found in the food and beverage industry. The new gantry mounted robot is based on a triple arm configuration licensed from a Swiss company. The robot is available with a vision system developed by Cognex utilising the patented PatMax image analysis system that is able to tolerate a high degree of image degradation and is ideal for industrial applications where ambient conditions may vary. A variety of possible layouts for picking, collating and mixing products are described.
Custom solutions for food‐robotics clients
Authors: Davey Peter G.
Published: July 2002

Outlines the special design requirements for robots working in the food industry
Robotization in the Japanese automotive industry
Authors: Kusuda Yoshihiro
Published: July 2002

Describes the robotization of the Japanese automotive industry. The automotive industry is still the major segment of the industrial robot market in Japan. At the moment, however, annual shipments of industrial robots to the industry are at only 60 per cent of the peak in 1991. This reflects the struggling Japanese economy and low capital investment in domestic car production. Robot applications in car production processes seem to have reached saturation. No new big applications can be expected. Prompt recovery is unlikely.
Dualistic Consumption Behaviour in Mainland China
Authors: Chen Chien‐Hsun
Published: July 2002

Examines empirically the effects of the rationing system, open inflation
and budget deficits on rural and urban consumption behaviour in mainland
China. Employs a dynamic error‐correction model. Estimates the model by
ordinary least squares (OLS) based on annual data for the period
1952‐1991. Employs a Chow test to test for structural changes in rural
and urban consumption. The empirical results show that an income
variable captures the distribution effect of rationing and has a
significant impact on rural and urban consumption. Open inflation tends
to underestimate inflationary pressure and has no impact on consumption
in rural and urban areas, whereas per capita budget deficits show a
significant influence on rural consumption. The results of the Chow
test indicate that economic policies and reforms have significantly
changed the structure of consumption since 1979. One such change is the
shift in the relative importance of consumer durable goods in total
consumption than equal to, or smaller than that under the tariff. This
conclusion holds for both price‐setting and quantity‐setting duopoly
with heterogeneous goods as well as quantity‐setting duopoly with
homogeneous goods.
Machine‐readable data carriers – a brief introduction to automatic identification and data capture
Authors: Furness Anthony
Published: July 2002

Machine‐readable data carriers are distinguished as an important emergent area of information technology exhibiting revolutionary and radical attributes in respect of their value in process enhancement and new product and process development. The objective of this paper is to present an awareness of the subject and its relevance to automated assembly.
Features China presents a great potential market for automation
Authors: Rooks Brian
Published: July 2002

Describes how Magna Interior Systems has set up a complex logistics system to supply fully‐assembled dashboards to Rover just‐in‐time.
Research articles Integral attachment using snap‐fit features: a key to assembly automation. Part 3 ‐ an attachment‐level design methodology
Authors: Messler Robert W. , Genc Suat , Gabriele Gary A.
Published: July 2002

The third part of a comprehensive six‐part series on a promising and growing approach to mechanical attachment amenable to automation. Integral snap‐fit attachment design has traditionally focused almost exclusively on the individual features that actually accomplish locking between parts of an assembly (e.g. cantilever hooks, bayonet‐fingers, compressive hooks, traps, and others). The placement and orientation of features that facilitate or enhance engagement or eliminate unwanted translation, rotation or vibration, i.e. locating features and enhancements, are rarely considered. Here, describes integral features classified as locks, locators or enhancements. More importantly, presents a systematic six‐step approach or methodology to guide designers at the higher, attachment or conceptual design level (as opposed to lower, feature or detail design level).
Allocating tolerances to minimize cost of nonconforming assembly
Authors: Wei Chiu‐Chi
Published: July 2002

Tolerance assignment plays a vital role in reducing the manufacturing cost, and most optimization models for assigning the tolerances tend to ignore the process capability of the machine. Therefore, the quality loss due to nonconforming parts can be unacceptably high. Proposes a non‐linear mathematical programming model for determining the component tolerances by simultaneously formulating the component’s manufacturing cost, the machine’s process capability and scrap rate. Includes a comparison between the results obtained by the proposed model and the traditional method.
Standards support for the virtual enterprise
Authors: Clements Paul
Published: July 2002

Recent developments in global commerce have witnessed the advent of the virtual enterprise#. Groups of companies are forming short‐term relationships to collaborate on one‐off projects. Typically these enterprises form a consortium to bid for a project for which they do not have the capability of winning as individual concerns. In order that the virtual enterprise operates effectively the systems which underpin the separate enterprises must be capable of interoperation#. One means of achieving this is by the adoption of suitable international approved standards. Addresses this issue by considering the requirements placed on standards activities for the support of virtual enterprises. Then proposes a means by which current standards can be classified and scoped within an overall framework. Considers the various approaches taken within these standards activities and proposes some strategies for future development.
Integral attachment using snap‐fit features: a key to assembly automation. Part 5 ‐ a procedure to constrain parts fully and generate alternative attachment concepts
Authors: Genc Suat , Messler Robert W. , Gabriele Gary A.
Published: July 2002

This fifth part of a comprehensive six‐part series of articles presents a systematic procedure for formalising the generation of alternative concepts for a particular design employing integral snap‐fit attachments. With the procedure, the alternatives generated are representative of the entire pertinent design space, since they include alternative attachment interface geometries, assembly procedures, attachment features, and constraint options for a particular application. The procedure is easy to use, effective and efficient, and results in a number of alternatives which are sufficient to represent the entire pertinent design space, but not so large as to preclude selection of a best concept using an optimisation method.
Invention machine ‐ a machine for making inventions?
Authors: Hollingum Jack
Published: July 2002

Looks at the history of invention machine or TRIZ (theory of inventive problem solving) as it is called in Russia. Briefly explains the theory of TRIZ. Discusses, in more detail, the software used for invention machine.
Integral attachment using snap‐fit features: a key to assembly automation. Part 7 ‐ testing the conceptual design methodology with a case study
Authors: Genc Suat , Messler Robert W. , Gabriele Gary A.
Published: July 2002

A formalized, systematic approach to product design, using integral snap‐fit features to accomplish assembly was revealed in the first six parts of this series of papers. This final part applies the developed methodology to a case study, thereby familiarising readers with use of the methodology in practical design situations.
Bodine brings cam‐actuated assembly machinery into Europe
Authors: Kochan Anna
Published: July 2002

Outlines Bodine’s plans to market US‐proven assembly technology in Europe. Discusses the advantages of cam technology compared to pneumatics for high‐volume assembly applications. Describes the application of a Bodine machine to the assembly of a small automotive component at a rate of 47 per minute.
Competitive edge and environmentally‐ conscious design through concurrent engineering
Authors: Adeli Hojjat
Published: July 2002

The goal of concurrent or simultaneous engineering is to move a product concept based on a market need to a manufactured and marketable product in the shortest possible time and with minimum cost. The concurrent engineering approaches, processes, and systems should find increasing practical applications in the coming years. Several recent technological advances should help expedite this process.
Cutler‐Hammer open automation systems
Authors: Hill Darren
Published: July 2002

Describes the evolution of industrial control systems from PLC to PC based systems including the use of the DeviceNet fieldbus standard. Also includes a case study of automotive gearbox assembly.
From micro‐ to nano‐machining – towards the nanometre era
Authors: McKeown Pat
Published: July 2002

Manufacturing industry worldwide is at a turning point in seeking greater competitiveness. High precision manufacturing offers better quality and reliability for conventional products, but also makes possible entirely new products, especially where mechatronics, miniaturization and high performance are important. Describes the main ultra precision machining processes and illustrates how cutting and grinding have been stretched into the nanotechnology regime, especially for advanced ceramics, glasses and opto‐electronic materials.
München: pH and SAW
Authors: Monkman Gareth
Published: July 2002

Surveys the research being carried out in the field of chemical and biosensor technology by the network of Fraunhofer Institutes in Germany. Specifically looks at pH monitoring in chemical sensing; immunosensors in viral disease diagnosis; and surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices in delay lines and filters.
Control networks: the impact on industry
Authors: McLaughlin R.T.
Published: July 2002

Outlines a short history of controller networks (also known as fieldbuses) and their current effects on the control and automation industries.
The valve may be dead but it won’t lie down
Authors: Monkman Gareth J.
Published: July 2002

Discusses the demise of the thermeonic valve and the firm establishment of the transistor as the major active component in electronic circuits.
The development of the airline industry from 1978 to 1998 – A strategic global overview
Authors: Chan Daniel
Published: July 2002

Looks at the world airline industry, from 1978 to 1998, from a strategy perspective. Traces the strategic developments and the strategy responses of the key airline players that have had a profound impact on the shape and direction of the industry. These include the deregulation of the industry, the nature and extent of competition, the emergence of brand/differentiation based competition, and airline alliance developments, strategies and their implications. Also provides a glimpse of what the future will hold for the world airline industry, including the prospects of increased global market concentration and the emergence of mega consortia, comprising lead airlines from key regions of the world, on the global stage. These global consortia, which will marginalise other players, will also compete against each other on the basis of branding/differentiation.
Building surveys with particular reference to new properties: the practical thoughts and experience of a chartered surveyor
Authors: Maunder Taylor Robert
Published: July 2002

Provides discussion points on the topic of perceived risk to surveyors, particularly when conducting building surveys on new houses, when there are no standard Terms of Engagement.
A monomial‐based method for non‐linear structural analysis
Authors: Burns Scott A. , Mueller Keith M.
Published: July 2002

The analysis of certain structures must be performed with due consideration to non‐linear behavior, such as material and geometric non‐linearities. The existing methods for treating non‐linear structural behavior generally make use of repeated linearization, such as load increment methods. This paper demonstrates that there is an alternative type of linearization that appears to have significant advantages when applied to the analysis of non‐linear structural systems. Briefly stated, this alternative linearization can be thought of as a “monomialization”. This monomial (single‐termed power function) approximation more faithfully models the power function behavior inherent in typical structural systems. Conveniently, it becomes a linear form when transformed into log space. Thus, computational tools based on linear algebra remain useful and effective. Preliminary results indicate that the monomial approximation provides a higher quality approximation to non‐linear phenomena exhibited in structural applications. Consequently, incremental and iterative methods become more effective because larger steps can be taken. The net result is an increase in reliability of the solution process and a significant reduction in computational effort. Two examples are presented to demonstrate the method.
Characterization of a non‐woven randomly dispersed short fiber laminate
Authors: Pecht Michael , Rogers Keith , Fowler Andre
Published: July 2002

Non‐woven laminates have begun to gain recognition in the electronics industry because they are generally thinner and flatter than woven laminates. This study characterizes the mechanical and thermo‐mechanical properties of non‐woven, randomly dispersed, short fiber laminates, and identifies potential failure mechanisms which must be addressed in the design and utilization of printed circuit boards using non‐woven technology.
Performance and reliability issues for a graphite based direct metalization process
Authors: Carano Michael
Published: July 2002

While the interest in alternative metalization processes for the manufacturing of printed wiring boards is extremely keen, the long‐term reliability of plated through holes fabricated with these electroless copper alternatives remains in question. However, during the last three years, significant process improvements have been made in the direct metalization process based on a patented dispersion of graphite. This paper will describe the technology in detail and present data on the reliability and versatility of the graphite based direct metalization process.
The Network of Networks Project: electronic communications and CD‐ROM data storage: some challenges for information delivery
Authors: Ciurlizza Alejandra
Published: July 2002

Describes the Network of Networks project in Latin America, the objective of which is to improve access by the end‐user to existing information resources through an integrated approach to network support and development. Discusses its experiments with various information technologies including electronic communications, through AlterNex/Internet. Describes the use of electronic conferences to co‐ordinate and discuss information services and product delivery, co‐operative CD‐ROM production, marketing and information management. Anticipates the future use of CD‐ROM for full‐text document delivery.
Learning and changing
Authors: James Stuart
Published: July 2002

In an era of constant change, discusses the social, national and local factors affecting higher education in the UK, and the University of Paisley in particular, in relation to the development of the university’s library, learning resources and information services towards the end of the century. Indicates the implications of the Follett Report, and gives specific attention to students, learning methods, staff, publishing, IT and premises.
Journalists, news librarians and the Internet
Authors: Williams Peter , Nicholas David
Published: July 2002

Discloses the preliminary findings from an investigation into how the Internet is impacting on the information environment in the news room. Outlines previous studies into journalists’ use of online services and of the US phenomenon of computer‐assisted reporting. The fieldwork, in the form of in‐depth interview, indicates that new librarians are much more positive about the Internet than their journalist colleagues but are also more aware of the problems, such as that of the authenticity or validity of retrieved data. There is no evidence to suggest that the Internet has exacerbated the problem of information “overload”, although fear of this may account for a partial reluctance to embrace e‐mail. Finally there are grounds for suggesting that the Internet, despite being considered an end‐user tool, will create new and important roles for information professionals in the future, including the possibility of involvement in more primary sourced investigative work.
The UNIverse Project: state‐of‐the‐art of the standards, softwares and systems which will underpin the development. Part 1: Z39.50; WWW Integration with Z39.50; and Unicode
Authors: Clissman C. , Murray R. , Davidson E. , Hands J. , Sijtsma O. , Noordzij A. , Moulton R. , Shanawa S. , Darzentas J. , Pettman I.
Published: July 2002

Provides a brief introduction to the UNIverse Project and its major objectives. Gives an overview of the international standards, softwares and systems which will enable bibliographic searching of multiple distributed library catalogues including the Z39.50 standard, WWW gateways, the EUROPAGATE project, the Java programming language and the Unicode World‐wide Character Encoding Standard.
Training for Europe – Should Britain Follow the German Model?
Authors: Lange Thomas
Published: July 2002

Over the last decade, training has gained in popularity as European
unemployment remains stubbornly high. Critical voices accuse the
British education and training system of not being sufficiently prepared
to measure up against other European training systems, notably that of
Germany. Training provision in Germany is widely assumed to be superior
to that in this country, and is frequently held up as the model for an
improved system of training for Britain. Offers an alternative view of
the German system, concentrating on its rarely mentioned disadvantages
with respect to both the provision of initial training and further
education and training for the unemployed, especially the long‐term
unemployed. Though attractive and appealing in many ways, argues that
the German model has been over‐praised by British commentators. If there
is a “training crisis” in Britain, the German approach is not the
solution.
Training in a Second‐language Environment
Authors: O′Toole Mitch
Published: July 2002

Begins with a treatment of some general background issues on the nature
and function of language. Maintains that English may be thought of as a
range of styles which are used according to purpose and audience.
Specialized purposes with specialized audiences produce specialized
styles, which means that specialist styles will produce some level of
difficulty for most people, particularly speakers of other languages.
Sets out some implications of this training, and gives some strategies
for approaching training in such a context. Describes a number of ways
of estimating the readability of text and gives an example of text
simplification. Concludes with a brief description of some strategies
for actively teaching those aspects of specialist language which the
trainer isolates as being important.
Community learning with an “intelligent” college: a new way to learn
Authors: Allen Edwards Terence
Published: July 2002

Presents CLEAR, which stands for “community learning empowerment and resources”, a project led by the City of Bath College (UK) as a global consortium of interested groups in Austria, Finland, Hong Kong, Ireland, Japan, Romania, Thailand, and the USA. Discusses the exploitation of advances in information and communications technology (ICT) to improve the quality, scale, diversity and economy of access to education and training as a fundamental contribution to sustaining and regenerating the economic and cultural lives of the localities involved. It forms 9 community learning utilities which exploit new ICT to create widespread, affordable access to education and training resources using virtual educational mobility (VEM) for all who wish to learn, including those whose access is presently disadvantaged by their condition. Addresses the problems for project management of a telematic world of unavoidably very short time horizons.
Occupational testing practice: sustaining quality testing processes through CPD: a case study
Authors: Cooper John N.
Published: July 2002

Focuses on good practice and ethical concerns around general occupational test usage. Exemplifies this through a UK survey of test practices and a short case study of one organization in the north west of England which has evolved a sustainable quality approach. Competency‐based qualifications form the basis of a UK national standard backed by professional codes of practice. They have had a positive impact on the quality of test use and training. However, evidence is reported to suggest that a number of organizations are not operating to the desirable levels of good practice. Examines through discussion and a case study additional avenues, in particular continuing professional development, that may be explored to promote quality test usage in line with ethical and good practice.
Multilevel solution of augmented drift‐diffusion equations
Authors: Davis M.B. , Carey G.F.
Published: July 2002

Develops a finite element analysis and solution strategy for the augmented drift‐diffusion equations in semiconductors device theory using a multilevel scheme. Decouples the drift‐diffusion equations using Gummel iteration with incremental continuation in the applied voltage. Includes augmentation of the carrier mobility to address the issue of non‐local electric field effects (velocity overshoot) within the framework of the drift‐diffusion formulation. Gives comparison results with hydrodynamic and Monte Carlo models and sensitivity studies with respect to the augmentation parameter. Discretizes the equations with a special finite element method using bases of variable polynomial degree. Accomplishes solution of the resulting linear systems with a multilevel method using the basis degree as the grid level. Presents performance results and comparison studies with direct elimination.
Arc spot trajectories over ferromagnetic plates of extinguishing chambers
Authors: Tarczynski Witold , Ziólkowski Marek
Published: July 2002

Investigations which have been carried out up to the present have shown that trajectories of the arc spot over the extinguishing plate drift always towards the plate axis. Results of calculations presented in this paper are different from the results which have been obtained till now. The calculations have been made with the use of computer programs based on the boundary element method. The results of the calculations show that for some areas of plates of specific shapes potential gradient of a field of forces acting against the arc spot may approach zero. When the arc reaches any point of such an area it is stopped and the arc spot trajectory does not end at the plate axis.
Application of modified FBT algorithm in induction motor series optimal design
Authors: Dawei Meng , Jiabin Wen , Yongping Lu
Published: July 2002

Some improvements are made for Fast Boundary Tracking algorithm according to the practice of the electric machine design in the paper. As discrete variables play a dominant role in determining the values of the objective function and the constraint functions in the motor optimal design, the algorithm is improved in the paper. From the algorithm, a software is developed and used for the optimal design of the induction motors of Y series. The results show that the algorithm is reliable and efficient.
Some considerations about the perfectly matched layer for static fields
Authors: Alfonzetti S. , Borzì G. , Salerno N.
Published: July 2002

This paper discusses the perfectly matched layer method recently proposed for the computation of static or quasistatic fields in open boundaries. In particular it is shown how the method can be derived by means of a particular co‐ordinate transformation applied to a finite‐size isotropic domain surrounding the system of interest. The method is therefore equivalent to a trivial truncation from the point of view of both accuracy and computing time.
Maximum Entropy Modelling of Mixture Distributions
Authors: Politis Dimitris N.
Published: July 2002

Shannon’s entropy is usually defined separately for discrete, and for (absolutely) continuous random variables. However, many random variables encountered in practice have mixed (discrete‐continuous) distributions. A simple expression for the entropy of random variables with mixed (discrete‐continuous) distributions is derived in terms of the usual entropy definitions. In addition, the maximum entropy problem in the general setting of mixture distributions is discussed.
Modelling dynamic systems with biased regression and spectral methods
Authors: Östermark Ralf
Published: July 2002

Considers the modelling of dynamic systems using biased regression and spectral methods. Provides evidence on the power of transfer function modelling for unravelling the empirical connection between endogenous and exogenous (control) variables in both regression type and spectral input‐output systems. The Multiple Input Transfer Function Noise Model – of specific value when the input variables are collinear – has previously been used to demonstrate the connection between macroeconomic forces and stock market pricing on a thin security market. Compares the adequacy of representative time and frequency domain algorithms for modelling observed data series. The estimations are done with the combined Transfer Function and Cartesian ARIMA Search algorithm of Östermark and Höglund and the CAPM/APM programs of Östermark.
Cybernetics and the future of man
Authors: Vallée Robert
Published: July 2002

Cybernetics is presented in relation to the future of mankind as seen by the author in 1952. Cybernetics is considered, in the framework of the history of mankind, as generating a kind of continuation of biological evolution by the addition to each individual of new capacities of perception, communication and action. From a collective point of view it generates a composite organism with a giant nervous system covering the surface of the earth.
19. Shoucheng OuYang, where the legend begins
Authors: Lin Yi
Published: July 2002

In this paper, a detailed historical account of the birth, development, and applications of the theory of blown‐ups is given.
Using conceptual frameworks in management training: the case of education
Authors: Glasman Naftaly S.
Published: July 2002

Aims to demonstrate how conceptual frameworks can guide managerial training in education. Such purpose should apply to various countries because the concepts, by their nature, have universal characteristics. Uses three managerial functions: the rationale for their selection; the methods of teaching them; and the results of teaching as benchmarks of the use of the guidelines. Also provides an argument that other managerial functions can be taught in the same way. This work, which focuses on communication, style and problem solving, is considered experimental in nature. More research is needed to understand better the relations between conceptual frameworks and administration training.
The impact of temperature and humidity conditions on surface insulation resistance values for various fluxes
Authors: Hunt Christopher , Zou Ling
Published: July 2002

The surface insulation resistance (SIR) test has traditionally been performed by taking measurements at certain points during a seven‐day test under well established environmental conditions. The work reported here explores the influence of test temperature and humidity when using a typical resin flux, a weak organic flux and glycol based fluxes when sampling SIR patterns every ten minutes. Results indicate that some fluxes are very sensitive to the test temperature, with volatilisation of flux residues an important issue. The frequent monitoring of the results also permitted the detection of dendrites during the SIR test. The results clearly show the importance of selecting the correct testing conditions and the benefit of frequent monitoring.
Surface insulation resistance (SIR) response to various processing parameters
Authors: Zou Ling , Hunt Christopher
Published: July 2002

SIR testing is in practice carried out under a wider range of experimental conditions than those detailed in standards. The work presented here explores some of the issues when using a range of fluxes with various processing conditions and also examines the influence of substrate finish, test bias and the reflow process. These results clearly show that care must be exercised when using different test set‐ups, and when extrapolating between testing and use conditions. In particular the use of a 50V test bias voltage can produce anomalous results when compared to a 5V use environment.
Telecommunications service providers as payment facilitators
Authors: Bishop Norman
Published: July 2002

The role of the telephone company has evolved over the years and is still changing. “Telcos” are now solution providers helping businesses and people gain business advantage through communication. Examines the potential for telecommunication providers as Internet service providers and e‐commerce facilitators. Summarises the results of the first year of the trials for BT Array, the company’s first micro billing service which has explored that demand from both consumers and retailers wishing to buy and sell on the Internet. Argues that the ability to transfer small payments will lead to new business models and encourage new entrants to the market. Highlights the importance of user friendly e‐commerce Web sites, ease of use and “valued” content to ensure success.
Encouragement of Local Control in National Education, New South Wales,
1848‐1866
Authors: Mumford John
Published: July 2002

Argues that school boards were introduced and retained during the 19
foundational years of state education in New South Wales, not as token
partners or mere money‐raisers, but as integral parts of the school
system. Presents illustrations of the length to which the Board of
National Education went to sustain local authority in support of the
claim that the Board upheld liberal principles by taking seriously the
role of school boards. Shows the successes of local participation in
frontier conditions to have been sufficient to justify the Board′s
encouragement of local control. Concludes that there was a complexity
of interrelations inherent in the maintenance of local authority and
that, contrary to what most historians have supposed hitherto, the
policy pursued was not one of unalloyed centralism.
Set the signals at green! The William Walker oration
Authors: Chapman Judith D.
Published: July 2002

Discusses the main advances in epistemological perspectives and
meta‐theoretical frameworks within which recent research and academic
work in the field of educational administration in Australia has been
articulated and developed. Arising from work currently undertaken by the
OECD and considerations of developments in educational policy and
administration throughout Australia, puts forward a proposal for a new
set of agenda for research and professional advancement in the field.
Towards a research paradigm on devolution
Authors: Sharpe Fenton G.
Published: July 2002

Addresses the persistent tension that exists between centralized, as opposed to decentralized (devolved), structures of school governance. Examines the claims made in the literature for the positive benefits of devolution and conversely for its negative outcomes, and proposes some more realistic expectations. Focuses on the relationship between devolution and improved teaching and learning. Contributes to future research by providing a detailed analysis of the meaning of devolution and proposes a preliminary research paradigm with a special focus on the variables likely to have a direct effect on student learning outcomes. Calls for a co‐ordinated international programme of research into the effects of devolution under the leadership of the Commonwealth Council of Educational Administration
Peer assistance for principals: training, observation and feedback
Authors: Brady Laurie
Published: July 2002

Reports on a peer assistance programme for principals involving training, observation and feedback. The sample, from three administrative regions for schooling in NSW Australia, involved nine pairs of principals, matched by age, experience as a principal and school size. The principals were trained in how and what to observe, and how to provide feedback. They then shadowed each other for two consecutive days prior to providing that feedback. Data were obtained from principal ratings and journals, researcher observation and interviews. Reports the findings in terms of an overall rating by principals, claimed benefits and limitations, the perceived value of training and the criteria for effective matching. Endorses the efficacy of peer assistance as a form of professional development.
Stabilization of higher‐order high resolution schemes for the compressible Navier‐Stokes equations
Authors: Daiguji H. , Yuan X. , Yamamoto S.
Published: July 2002

Proposes a measure to stabilize the fourth(fifth)‐order high resolution schemes for the compressible Navier‐Stokes equations. Solves the N‐S equations of the volume fluxes and the low‐Reynolds number k‐ε turbulence model in general curvilinear co‐ordinates by the delta‐form implicit finite difference methods. Notes that, in order to simulate the flow containing weak discontinuities accurately, it is very effective to use some higher‐order TVD upstream‐difference schemes in the right‐hand side of the equations of these methods; however, the higher‐order correction terms of such schemes in general amplify the numerical disturbances. Therefore, restricts these terms here by operating the minmod functions to the curvatures so as to suppress the occurrence of new inflection points. Computes an unsteady transonic turbine cascade flow where vortex streets occur from the trailing edge of blades and interact with shock waves. Finds that the stabilization measure improves not only the computational results but also the convergency for such a complicated flow problem.
Numerical investigation of the propagation of shock waves in rigid porous materials
Authors: Ben‐Dor G. , Levy A. , Sorek S.
Published: July 2002

Presents a numerical solution to the Riemann problem inside a porous material using a TVD‐ based computer code which was developed during the investigation of the head‐on collision of planar shock waves with rigid porous materials. The numerical solution revealed that although the compaction wave propagates with a constant velocity, the flow field induced by it is not self‐similar. Since such a problem cannot be set up in a conventional shock tube, the present study should be considered as a theoretical one.
Development of a large‐eddy simulation open channel code
Authors: Shi J. , Thomas T.G. , Williams J.J.R.
Published: July 2002

Describes further development of a 3D finite difference code written to model turbulent flows in an open channel with a moving free surface. The code has been developed so that the computational domain can have side‐walls and/or periodic directions and that the flow may also be buoyancy driven. Either a full simulation or large eddy simulation (LES) of the turbulence can be performed. Results are presented of a simulation of periodic streamwise flow in an open channel with parallel side‐walls and also of a thermal jet into an open tank. Both simulations were carried out on a UNIX workstation using resolutions that enable the results to be viewed within an “engineering context”. The LES application demands numerical approximations which conserve mass, momentum and total energy with high precision, and which permit wave motion with very little numerical dispersion or dissipation. The free surface is tracked using a split‐merge technique which combines the volume of fluid (VOF) and height function methods in a way that is conservative.
Evaluating Teaching Quality throughout a University
Authors: Ellington Henry , Ross Gavin
Published: July 2002

Recognizes that universities are coming under increasing pressure from a
number of sources to produce evidence of the quality of their teaching.
Outlines the approach to evaluating teaching quality being implemented
within The Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen. Shows how this is based
on the use of a self‐assessment pro forma that enables staff to rate
their performance against 28 basic criteria which characterize effective
teaching and related activities. Describes how the scheme was piloted
on a voluntary basis throughout the university during 1992‐93, and how
subsequent evaluation indicated it had proved both acceptable to staff
and successful in achieving its various design aims. Shows how the
scheme is now being formally incorporated into the university′s Staff
Development and Career Review Scheme, and is also being used to
accumulate evidence of teaching quality for use in external quality
assessments and audits.
Identifying needs of potential students in tertiary education for strategy development
Authors: Joseph Mathew , Joseph Beatriz
Published: July 2002

Competition in the education sector has led a number of providers of higher education to re‐evaluate the level of service provided to its customers. Past research in this area has overlooked the needs of student customers and has focused mainly on either administrators or the faculty’s perspective. The instrument developed was administered to 216 potential tertiary students in the North Island of New Zealand. The results indicate that students take a number of factors into consideration prior to choosing an education institution for further studies. Implications for educational administrators are provided.
A conceptual architecture for real‐time intrusion monitoring
Authors: Furnell Steven M. , Dowland Paul S.
Published: July 2002

The detection and prevention of authorised activities, by both external parties and internal personnel, is an important issue within IT systems. Traditional methods of user authentication and access control do not provide comprehensive protection and offer opportunities for compromise by various classes of abuser. A potential solution is provided in the form of intrusion detection systems, which are able to provide proactive monitoring of system activity and apply automatic responses in the event of suspected problems. This paper presents the principles of intrusion monitoring and then proceeds to describe the conceptual architecture of the Intrusion Monitoring System (IMS), an approach that is the focus of current research and development by the authors. The main functional elements of the IMS architecture are described, followed by thoughts regarding the practical implementation and the associated advantages (and potential disadvantages) that this would deliver. It is concluded that whilst an IMS‐type approach would not represent a total replacement for conventional controls, it would represent an effective means to complement the protection already provided.
Managing end‐user computing
Authors: Ko Catherine , Hurley Margaret
Published: July 2002

This is an extract from a 1994 report prepared by Nolan, Norton
& Co., a subsidiary of KPMG Information Solutions. Presents the
results of an end‐user computing research group conducted annually by
Nolan, Norton & Co. in Australia. The major findings are that
end‐user computing costs more than most organizations recognize and is
ineffectively supported and poorly planned for. A solid set of
management metrics is now an essential part of any business manager′s
tool kit.
Real‐time risk analysis using Java concepts
Authors: Labuschagne L. , Eloff J.H.P.
Published: July 2002

Using new concepts, such as those on which Java is based, it is now possible to define a new framework within which risk analyses can be performed on electronic communications. In order truly to be effective, risk analyses must be done in real time, owing to the dynamic nature of open, distributed public networks. The strength of these public networks lies in the many routes available for a message to travel from point A to point B, thus ensuring that the message will be delivered. These many routes, however, also constitute the biggest security weakness in public networks, as it is impossible proactively to determine the route a message will follow. In a bid to compensate for the said weakness, this article will be devoted to a discussion on a framework in terms of which Real‐time Risk Analysis (RtRA) can, henceforth, be performed to determine a risk value for a communications session, rather than for the network components used on routes that need to be fixed and known in advance, as for conventional risk analysis. A communication session is defined as the transfer of data between two hosts; for example, exchanging e‐mail messages over open, distributed public networks RtRA produces a risk value that can be used to determine the appropriate countermeasures with which to minimise the risk associated with a communication session.
Towards the integrated monitoring and evaluation system IMES: a real power
Authors: Psarras John K. , Papakonstantinou Athanassios P. , Metaxiotis Kostas S.
Published: July 2002

Within the last decade many projects have been implemented in order to provide technical assistance (TA) to countries which have initiated their transition from centrally planned to market economies (mainly countries of Eastern Europe being previously under the Soviet regime). The “monitoring and evaluation” function (M&E) helps in seeing whether each TA project is being developed as per its design and achieves its objectives by providing management information on the project’s implementation. In this framework, the necessity for the creation of an overall M&E database system emerged, with the main objective to improve not only the management of TA projects but also the design and planning of future TA projects.
Internet resources on China and Chinese studies
Authors: Zhang Wenxian
Published: July 2002

The Internet is full of resources on China and Chinese studies. However, many new users are often overwhelmed by the vast amount of information on the Web. This paper is to offer a starting point for inexperienced users interested in finding information over the Internet on Chinese culture, art, language, literature, history, philosophy and current affairs, etc. It focuses on the World Wide Web resources only, and choices of entry are selective rather than exhaustive.
Large‐scale distance learning initiatives
Authors: Vines Diane
Published: July 2002

Multi‐campus/large scale distance learning initiatives increase the complexity of issues, and affect the impact of various quality factors that must be considered in the design and implementation of programs. The impact and interactions of distance education quality factors differs when designing large‐scale versus smaller‐scale distances learning programs. This article will look at the various quality considerations within a large‐scale model, and will look at how decisions were made to ensure quality in the design of the California Virtual University (CVU).
Cataloging Internet resources using the Voyager system
Authors: Zhang Allison
Published: July 2002

Developments in library automation technology have changed the role of the library’s Online Public Access Catalog (OPAC). Users can access Internet resources through the hot links provided in OPAC. OPAC is no longer an inventory list or a finding aid only for what the library owns, but rather for everything to which the library has access. It has changed from just a list to a comprehensive content delivery mechanism. This paper discusses the new nature of OPAC, explores ways to enrich the contents of cataloging records to provide easy access for Internet resources, and explains how the task force at the University of Rochester Libraries made decisions on cataloging Internet resources and customizing OPAC using the Voyager system.
Extending common knowledge
Authors: Carlitz Robert D. , Zinga Mario
Published: July 2002

Common knowledge: Pittsburgh is a school networking project which is developing network connectivity and curricular applications in the Pittsburgh Public Schools. With its emphasis on the curriculum and its efforts to institutionalize the use of networking technology, the project offers a useful model for other school districts to follow. The present paper describes how the project has expanded from its initial structure, delineates specific products that have been produced and indicates directions in which future expansion is likely to take place.
Global economic competition, Adam Smith, and the no‐harm proviso
Authors: Wright Norman S. , Kirkwood Hart David
Published: July 2002

This paper asks the question, “What is the appropriate management value system for commerce in the increasingly complex global marketplace?” We argue that the current management orthodoxy is deficient in dealing with the challenges brought about by the growing number and increased cultural diversity of economic transactions in this new environment. As the justification for the current system is so frequently based on Adam Smith’s writing in An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, we compare the current ideology of organizational life with that proposed in his The Theory of Moral Sentiments. In so doing, we argue that a form of international commerce based on Smith’s concept of “sympathy”, the innate need for each individual to care for others, is better suited to building the conditions necessary for human flourishing than is the existing value base. We propose an important initial step toward achieving a more sympathetic capitalism, the “No‐Harm Proviso”, and briefly speculate on its implementation.
A comparison of routing estimation methods for microelectronic modules
Authors: Sandborn P.A. , Spletter P.
Published: July 2002

It is often necessary to estimate the number of board layers in electronic modules before detailed routing is possible. Several methods for estimating board interconnect requirements prior to the existence of a netlist have been developed. Some estimation approaches depend on the use of heuristics derived from studying actually routed designs, while others depend on geometric or statistical arguments. The applicability and uncertainties associated with these estimation techniques are not widely understood. In this paper several different routing estimation methods are applied to a variety of printed wiring board and multichip module applications. The accuracy with which the methods predict the amount of required wiring is compared.