bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diminazene aceturate‐induced cytotoxicity is associated with the deregulation of cell cycle signaling and downregulation of oncogenes Furin, c‐MYC, and FOXM1 in human cervical carcinoma Hela cells
Authors: Gharbaran Rajendra , Sayibou Zouberou , Atamturktur Seher , Ofosu‐Mensah Jeithy Jason , Soto John , Boodhan Nicholas , Kolya Saaimah , Onwumere Onyekwere , Chang Lynne , Somenarain Latchman , Redenti Stephen
Published: September 2023

Diminazene aceturate (DIZE) is an FDA‐listed small molecule known for the treatment of African sleeping sickness. In vivo studies showed that DIZE may be beneficial for a range of human ailments. However, there is very limited information on the effects of DIZE on human cancer cells. The current study aimed to investigate the cytotoxic responses of DIZE, using the human carcinoma Hela cell line. WST‐1 cell proliferation assay showed that DIZE inhibited the viability of Hela cells in a dose‐dependent manner and the observed response was associated with the downregulation of Ki67 and PCNA cell proliferation markers. DIZE‐treated cells stained with acridine orange‐ethidium and JC‐10 dye revealed cell death and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (Ψm), compared with DMSO (vehicle) control, respectively. Cellular immunofluorescence staining of DIZE‐treated cells showed upregulation of caspase 3 activities. DIZE‐treated cells showed downregulation of mRNA for G1/S genes CCNA2 and CDC25A, S‐phase genes MCM3 and PLK4, and G2/S phase transition/mitosis genes Aurka and PLK1. These effects were associated with decreased mRNA expression of Furin, c‐Myc, and FOXM1 oncogenes. These results suggested that DIZE may be considered for its effects on other cancer types. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the effect of DIZE on human cervical cancer cells.
Inhibition of annexin A7 suppresses senescence‐associated heterochromatin foci formation and senescence through the AMPK/mTOR pathway in human dermal fibroblasts
Authors: Li Nan , Yan Xiaomeng , Cui Xiaoling , Zhao Congyao , Lin Zhaomin , Miao Junying
Published: September 2023

Senescence‐associated heterochromatin foci (SAHF) is often used as a biological marker for senescent cells, but the regulation of its formation process is unclear. To find a new modulator of SAHF, we screened our chemical small molecules and found 7‐amino‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahedrobenzo[b][1,4] oxazepin‐3‐ol (ABO) that was identified as an inhibitor of annexin A7 GTPase (ANXA7) dramatically suppressed the aggregation of heterochromatin protein (HP1γ), an indicator of SAHF. To understand its action mechanism, we first observed the changes in the karyoplasmic ratio of ANXA7 because HP1γ mainly located in the nucleus. The results showed that ABO elevated the protein level of ANXA7 in the nucleus. Therefore, we raised a hypothesis that ANXA7 interacted with HP1γ and regulated its phosphorylation, which is closely related to the formation of SAHF. The co‐immunoprecipitation and Western blot experiment results showed that ANXA7 had no direct interaction with HP1γ, however, the phosphorylation of HP1γ was increased by ABO, which suggested that ANXA7 indirectly regulated HP1γ phosphorylation. Then, based on our previous discovery of ANXA7 interacting with AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK), we investigated the effect of the AMPK/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway on ABO‐increased phosphorylation of HP1γ. We found that ABO decreased AMPK phosphorylation and increased the phosphorylation level and activity of mTOR. In the presence of an AMPK activator or mTOR inhibitor, ABO could not increase HP1γ phosphorylation. As a result, ABO inhibited the senescence of human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). In this study, we found that ANXA7 was a new regulator of SAHF, it could regulate the formation of SAHF through the AMPK/mTOR pathway. The data suggested that ABO could be used as a powerful tool to inhibit the replicative senescence of HDFs.
Can rounding up price discounts reduce sales?
Authors: Jha Subhash , Biswas Abhijit , Guha Abhijit , Gauri Dinesh
Published: September 2023

Some retailers round up price discounts, such as displaying a 7.7% discount as an 8% discount. In such instances, lay beliefs would suggest that displaying an 8% discount (vs. a 7.7% discount) would increase purchase intentions. In this research report, however, we show that displaying a rounded‐up, higher‐value discount (8%) versus a more precise but lower‐value discount (7.7%) reduces purchase intentions. Specifically, we show that using a more precise discount framing increases perceptions that the discount duration is shorter, in turn increasing purchase intentions. This research report presents a relevant and counterintuitive effect, and we propose contributions to work on both behavioral pricing and numerical information processing. Furthermore, this work has implications for practice, showing how to optimally display price discounts.
Adsorption and photoactivity performances of copper(II)–benzene‐1,3,5‐tricarboxylate (Cu‐BTC) and zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF‐8): effect of humidity
Authors: Tuncel Duygu , Ökte A Neren
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND

In this study, adsorption properties and photocatalytic activities of Cu‐BTC and ZIF‐8 are explored using an anionic dye, methyl orange (MO), and a cationic dye, methylene blue (MB). Effect of humidity on the stabilities and performances of Cu‐BTC and ZIF‐8 is controlled under 40%, 67% and 84% relative humidity (RH) conditions. Cu‐BTC, ZIF‐8 and humidified samples are characterized by various techniques.

RESULTS

Humidified samples do not exhibit new X‐ray diffraction (XRD) peaks and significant variations in scanning electron microscopy images and UV–visible diffuse reflectance (UV–Vis DRS) spectra. After degradation experiments, XRD, X‐ray photoelectron spectra and UV–Vis DRS confirm the coexistence of Cu1+ and Cu2+ in Cu‐BTC and the formation of ZnO in ZIF‐8. Reduction in surface area measurements and detection of N and S signals in energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis prove interaction of MO and MB. Adsorptions of MO and MB are proposed via electrostatic attraction, π–π interaction and hydrogen bonding and conform to pseudo‐second‐order kinetics. Langmuir and Freundlich models describe the adsorption isotherms of MO and MB. Ligand‐to‐metal charge transfer process is principally responsible for the photoactivities of Cu‐BTC and ZIF‐8. Cu‐BTC (84% RH) and ZIF‐8 (84% RH) exhibit the highest performances, following Langmuir–Hinshelwood kinetics. Stability tests of Cu‐BTC, ZIF‐8 and humidified samples imply their reuse abilities.

CONCLUSION

This study correlates structural characteristics and adsorption abilities/photocatalytic performances of Cu‐BTC and ZIF‐8. Results may offer new ideas for the improvement of metal–organic frameworks as adsorbents and photocatalysts. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Improved sensitivity and specificity for citrin deficiency using selected amino acids and acylcarnitines in the newborn screening
Authors: Kido Jun , Häberle Johannes , Tanaka Toju , Nagao Masayoshi , Wada Yoichi , Numakura Chikahiko , Bo Ryosuke , Nyuzuki Hiromi , Dateki Sumito , Maruyama Shinsuke , Murayama Kei , Yoshida Shinichiro , Nakamura Kimitoshi
Published: September 2023

Citrin deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by a defect of citrin resulting from mutations in the SLC25A13 gene. Intrahepatic cholestasis and various metabolic abnormalities, including hypoglycemia, galactosemia, citrullinemia, and hyperammonemia may be present in neonates or infants in the “neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis caused by citrin deficiency” (NICCD) form of the disease. Because at present, newborn screening (NBS) for citrin deficiency using citrulline levels in dried blood spots (DBS) can only detect some of the patients, we tried to develop a new evaluation system to more reliably detect newborns with citrin deficiency utilizing parameters already in place in present NBS methods. To achieve this goal, we re‐analyzed NBS profiles of amino acids and acylcarnitines in 96 NICCD patients, who were diagnosed through selective screening or positive family history. Hereby, we identified the combined evaluation of arginine (Arg), citrulline (Cit), isoleucine+leucine (Ile + Leu), tyrosine (Tyr), free carnitine (C0) / glutarylcarnitine (C5‐DC) ratio in DBS as potentially sensitive to diagnose citrin deficiency in pre‐symptomatic newborns. In particular, a scoring system using threshold levels for Arg (≥9 μmol/L), Cit (≥ 39 μmol/L), Ile + Leu (≥ 99 μmol/L), Tyr (≥ 96 μmol/L) and C0/C5‐DC ratio (≥327) was significantly effective to detect newborns who later developed NICCD, and could thus be implemented in existing NBS programs at no extra analytical costs whenever citrin deficiency is considered to become a novel target disease.
[68Ga]Ga‐PentixaFor: Development of a fully automated in hospital production on the Trasis miniAllinOne synthesizer
Authors: Costes Julien , Casasagrande Kilian , Dubegny Constance , Castillo Juan , Kaufman Jens , Masset Julien , Vriamont Charles , Warnier Corentin , Faivre‐Chauvet Alain , Delage Judith Anna
Published: September 2023

[68Ga]Ga‐PentixaFor is a frequently used radiotracer to image the CXCR4/CXCL12 axis in various malignancies, infections, and cardiovascular diseases. To answer increasing clinical needs, an automatized synthesis process ensuring efficient and reproducible production and improving operator's radioprotection is needed. [68Ga]Ga‐PentixaFor synthesis has been described on other synthesizers but not on the miniAiO. In this work, we defined automated synthesis process and an analytical method for the quality control of [68Ga]Ga‐PentixaFor. Validation batches were performed under aseptic conditions in a class A hotcell. All the quality controls required by the European Pharmacopea (Eur. Ph) were performed. The analytical methods were validated according to the International Conference Harmonization (ICH) recommendations. Validation batches were performed with a radiochemical yield of 94.8 ± 2.6%. All the quality controls were in conformity with the Eur. Ph, and the validation of the analytical method complied with the ICH. The environmental monitoring performed during the synthesis process showed that the aseptic conditions were ensured. [68Ga]Ga‐PentixaFor was successfully synthesized with the miniAiO by a fully automated process. This robust production mode and the quality control have been validated in this study allowing to increase the access of patients to this new promising radiopharmaceutical.
Free‐Breathing Compressed Sensing Cine Cardiac MRI for Assessment of Left Ventricular Strain by Feature Tracking in Children
Authors: Xu Ke , Xu Rong , Xu Hua‐yan , Xie Lin‐jun , Yang Zhi‐gang , Fu Hang , Bai Wei , Zhang Lu , Zhou Xiao‐yue , Guo Ying‐kun
Published: September 2023

Background

Cardiac MRI feature‐tracking (FT) with breath‐holding (BH) cine balanced steady state free precession (bSSFP) imaging is well established. It is unclear whether FT‐strain measurements can be reliably derived from free‐breathing (FB) compressed sensing (CS) bSSFP imaging.

Purpose

To compare left ventricular (LV) strain analysis and image quality of an FB CS bSSFP cine sequence with that of a conventional BH bSSFP sequence in children.

Study Type

Prospective.

Subjects

40 children able to perform BHs (cohort 1 [12.1 ± 2.2 years]) and 17 children unable to perform BHs (cohort 2 [5.2 ± 1.8 years]).

Field Strength/Sequence

3T, bSSFP sequence with and without CS.

Assessment

Acquisition times and image quality were assessed. LV myocardial deformation parameters were compared between BH cine and FB CS cine studies in cohort 1. Strain indices and image quality of FB CS cine studies were also assessed in cohort 2. Intraobserver and interobserver variability of strain parameters was determined.

Statistical Tests

Paired t‐test, Wilcoxon signed‐rank test, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and Bland–Altman analysis. A P‐value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

In cohort 1, the mean acquisition time of the FB CS cine study was significantly lower than for conventional BH cine study (15.6 s vs. 209.4 s). No significant difference were found in global circumferential strain rate (P = 0.089), global longitudinal strain rate (P = 0.366) and EuroCMR image quality scores (P = 0.128) between BH and FB sequences in cohort 1. The overall image quality score of FB CS cine in cohort 2 was 3.5 ± 0.5 with acquisition time of 14.7 ± 2.1 s. Interobserver and intraobserver variabilities were good to excellent (ICC = 0.810 to 0.943).

Data Conclusion

FB CS cine imaging may be a promising alternative technique for strain assessment in pediatric patients with poor BH ability.

Level of Evidence

1

Technical Efficacy

Stage 1
Evaluation of Social Determinants of Health on Dysphagia Care Pathways at a Tertiary Care Facility
Authors: Zagloul Maie M. , Bock Jonathan M. , Blumin Joel H. , Friedland David R. , Adams Jazzmyne A. , Tong Ling , Osinksi Kristen I. , Khani Masoud , Luo Jake
Published: September 2023

Objectives

Limited research exists evaluating the impact of social determinants of health in influencing care pathways for patients with dysphagia. A better understanding of whether these determinants correlate to altered care and resource utilization is essential as it relates to patient outcomes.

Study Design

Retrospective chart review.

Methods

All adult patients seen at a tertiary midwestern hospital were screened for ICD codes of dysphagia diagnoses from 2009 to 2019. Demographic information was collected from these patients with dysphagia including sex, race, ethnicity, and insurance status. Subgroup analysis was performed to assess referral pattern rates and types of diagnostic interventions ordered (none, videofluoroscopic swallow study, esophagram, and esophagogastroduodenoscopy).

Results

A total of 31,858 patients with dysphagia were seen at our institution during the study period, with a majority being female (56.36%), Caucasian (79.83%), and publicly insured (63.16%), at a median age of 60.35 years. There were no significant care delivery pattern differences based on geography/zip code analyses. African American patients were significantly more likely to have imaging or interventions performed (odds ratio [OR] 1.463, p = 0.005). Patients with public insurance also had higher rates of diagnostic study utilization (OR 1.53, p = 0.01). Only 3% of all patients with dysphagia were seen by laryngologists.

Conclusion

No significant differences were seen in dysphagia evaluation modalities based on zip code analyses surrounding this tertiary care facility. African American patients and those with public insurance had significantly higher utilization of subsequent testing and intervention for dysphagia care. Further studies are necessary to delineate causes and outcome differences for these measurable differences in dysphagia care pathways.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 134:1139–1146, 2024
Higher alpha and gamma, but not beta diversity in tropical than in Mediterranean temporary ponds: A multi‐taxon spatiotemporal approach
Authors: Gálvez Ángel , Castillo‐Escrivà Andreu , Magurran Anne , Alambiaga Iván , Bonilla Fabián , Camacho Antonio , García‐Roger Eduardo M. , Iepure Sanda , Miralles‐Lorenzo Javier , Monrós Juan S. , Olmo Carla , Picazo Antonio , Rojo Carmen , Rueda Juan , Sasa Mahmood , Segura Mati , Armengol Xavier , Mesquita‐Joanes Francesc
Published: September 2023

The latitudinal diversity gradient predicts that tropical regions should have higher alpha, beta, and gamma diversity than temperate areas. However, only a few studies have assessed the temporal variability of the different components of diversity across climatic regions. In this study, we compare, using a spatial and temporal approach, the diversity of multiple taxa inhabiting tropical and Mediterranean temporary ponds. We sampled the biological communities of each set of ponds on three occasions during the same hydrological year. Under a spatial framework, we analyzed, alpha, beta, and gamma diversities. With a temporal approach, we compared the coefficients of variation in alpha diversity for each local community, and temporal beta diversity. Differences between regions and sampling periods were tested using generalized linear mixed models. We found higher gamma and alpha diversity in the tropical ponds, as expected given the latitudinal differences between them. However, phytoplankton and microinvertebrates from the Mediterranean region, matched or even exceeded tropical alpha diversity on some occasions. Spatial beta diversity did not differ between regions, and it showed lower values at the middle or the end of the hydroperiod in bacteria, micro‐ and macroinvertebrates and amphibians. Thus, processes homogenizing and heterogenising pond metacommunities must be balanced in both studied regions. Temporal variation in alpha and beta diversity was similar for ponds in both regions, except for macroinvertebrates and amphibians, suggesting differential effects on community variation observable only in animals with longer life‐spans, at our temporal scale of analysis.
Macroscopic Zeno Effect in a Su–Schrieffer–Heeger Photonic Topological Insulator
Authors: Ivanov Sergey K. , Zhuravitskii Sergei A. , Skryabin Nikolay N. , Dyakonov Ivan V. , Kalinkin Alexander A. , Kulik Sergei P. , Kartashov Yaroslav V. , Konotop Vladimir V. , Zadkov Victor N.
Published: September 2023

The quantum Zeno effect refers to the slowdown of the decay of a quantum system due to frequent measurements. It has been extended beyond quantum systems, manifesting itself in such phenomena as the suppression of output beam decay by sufficiently strong absorption introduced in guiding optical systems. In this case, the phenomenon is termed as macroscopic Zeno effect. Here the observation of the macroscopic Zeno effect in a topological photonic system is reported. The phenomenon is based on the suppression of decay for only a subspace of edge modes that can propagate in the system and does not rely on the existence of exceptional points. By introducing controlled losses in one of the arms of a topological insulator comprising two closely positioned Su–Schrieffer–Heeger arrays, the macroscopic Zeno effect is demonstrated, which manifests itself in an increase of the transparency of the system with respect to the topological modes created at the interface between two arrays. The phenomenon remains robust against disorder in the non‐Hermitian topological regime. In contrast, coupling a topological array with a non‐topological one results in a monotonic decrease in output power with increasing absorption.
Strong Self‐Enhancement of Optical Nonlinearity in a Topological Insulator with Generation of Tamm State
Authors: Lu Hua , Shi Shouhao , Li Dikun , Hou Liping , Bo Shuwen , Zhao Jianxu , Xiao Fajun , Mao Dong , Zhao Jianlin
Published: September 2023

As new states of matter currently attracting broad attention in the optics field, topological insulators (TIs) present topologically‐protected conducting surface states surrounding insulating bulk and prominent third‐order optical nonlinearities in an ultrawide frequency range. Optical frequency conversion in TI nanofilms plays a crucial role in TI nonlinear optical functionalities, whose enhancement is in demand for high‐performance devices. Herein, an optical Tamm state is observed between the Sb2Te3 TI nanofilm and 1D photonic crystal (PC) with a self‐enhancement behavior of optical nonlinearity in the TI nanofilm. The experiments demonstrate that there exists a distinct reflection dip in the forbidden band of the PC, which is attributed to the appearance of Tamm state in the TI/PC structure. The wavelength of the TI‐based Tamm state possesses a nearly linear redshift with increasing TI film thickness. The measurements are in excellent agreement with simulation and theoretical calculations. Moreover, a strong third‐harmonic generation reinforcement of 30‐fold is experimentally observed in a 90 nm Sb2Te3 film, which stems from the field enhancement induced by the TI self‐excited Tamm state at the fundamental frequency. This work opens a new door for generation of optical Tamm states and applications of TIs in high‐efficiency nonlinear optical functionalities, especially frequency conversion.
Recent Progress of Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite Quantum Dots: Preparation, Optical Regulation, and Application in Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Han Ying , Chang Xuerui , Cheng Xiaohua , Lin Yufan , Cui Bin‐Bin
Published: September 2023

Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite quantum dots (QIHP‐QDs) have aroused widespread interest due to their superior photoelectric performance, quantum confinement effect, excellent photoelectric property, color‐tunability, and high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) especially for QD‐based light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs). It is worth noting that a diverse selection of organic cations brings more adjustable optical properties to OIHP‐QDs compared with all‐inorganic perovskite QDs; thus the research on OIHP‐QDs has become a hit subject over recent years. This review summarizes the latest progress in synthesis strategy and optical property regulation of OIHP‐QDs in conjunction with the recent developments of their application in QLEDs. In addition, the current challenges limiting the applicability of QIHP‐QDs are discussed, and the development of OIHP‐QDs in the future is proposed.
Controllable Deformation Modulated Multi‐Functionality for Phase‐Gradient Metamaterials
Authors: Han Donghai , Li Wenkang , Liu Min , Chen Xiaoming , Zhang Liuyang , Chen Xuefeng
Published: September 2023

Tunable metamaterials offer versatile approaches to achieve the dynamic manipulation of electromagnetic waves with various dimensionality. Recently, mechanical approaches have been extensively employed to construct reconfigurable metamaterials with simple composition and superior mechanical characteristics. Mechanical modulation methods in phase‐gradient metamaterials are even more worthy of being investigated to facilitate valuable applications. Here, an in‐plane rotational deformation principle is proposed to assist the structural design of reconfigurable phase‐gradient metamaterials by integrating split ring resonators (SRRs) on the hyperelastic kirigami substrate. The orientations and split angles of SRRs are explored to manipulate the amplitudes and phases of cross‐polarized transmittance under x‐polarized incidence, respectively. The tensile strains dramatically modulate the amplitudes yet not the gradient phase. As proof‐of‐concept, a reconfigurable metalens is elaborately designed to realize tunable focus location and number by regulating the transmittance amplitudes of meta‐atoms via stretching the kirigami substrate. Furthermore, a holographic metamaterial is developed to perform dynamic hologram on the imaging plane under the strain 0% and 40%. The proposed mechanical deformation principle offers a promising platform for dynamic manipulation of the wavefront and may promote the conformal and flexible designs in certain cases and enlarge the potential applications of meta‐devices in imaging and information encryption.
Phonon‐Assisted Negative Thermal Quenching in a One‐Photon Up‐Conversion Phosphor for Thermometry
Authors: Wang Chao , Zhang Hao , Cai Yiyu , Wang Qingyuan , Zhou Bo , Xu Xuhui , Yu Xue
Published: September 2023

Thermal disturbance deteriorates the radiative transitions of up‐conversion phosphor, leading to decreased emission intensity at high operation temperatures. In this work, a thermal‐favored Yb3+/Nd3+ co‐doped KGaGeO4 up‐conversion phosphor with a negative thermal quenching behavior is explored. The as‐developed phosphor performs a one‐photon anti‐Stokes emission and exhibits a remarkable enhancement for the rise of ambient temperature reaching 653 K. It is demonstrated that the fascinating thermal behavior of the up‐conversion procedure is attributed to the enhanced energy transfer from the corresponding sensitizers to the activators by phonon assistance. Moreover, the microscopic dynamical process of phonon assistance and annihilation is revealed by introducing Er3+ ions as a probe. These results not only shed light on the phonon‐assisted strategy to build a highly efficient anti‐Stokes emission system but also open prospects for constructing phonon‐favored transitions with nonthermally coupled emissions to realize luminescence thermometry for their distinct thermal responsivity.
Impact of altruism preference difference on the optimal reward structure in online referral marketing
Authors: Jiang Fenfen , Zhu Shuting , Zhang Yuxiang
Published: September 2023

Social media have significantly boosted the prevalence of online referral marketing, through which firms use referral reward programs (RRPs) to promote their existing customers to disseminate or refer product information within social connections. We start with the idea that customer referral motives include firm‐offered rewards and altruistic motives to examine the optimal RRPs by developing nested Stackelberg game models among a firm, a rational (absolute) altruistic sender, and a recipient. The findings show that both product factors and customer factors influence the effectiveness of RRPs, and taking customers altruistic motives into account helps avoid reward waste and makes the optimal reward structure shift away from rewarding the sender. Furthermore, the optimal reward structure is closely related to the tie strength between the sender and the recipient and varies with altruism preference differences.
Fahr's disease linked to a novel mutation in MYORG variants manifesting as paroxysmal limb stiffness and dysarthria: Case report and literature review
Authors: Zhao Tianxue , Xu Shaokun , Liu Siyue , Xu Juan , Zhang Xianfeng , Zhan Yuhong
Published: September 2023

Background

Primary familial brain calcification (PFBC) is a rare hereditary neurodegenerative disorder associated with the MYORG gene; however, the clinical and radiological characteristics of MYORG‐PFBC remain unclear.

Methods

We present relevant medical data obtained from a patient affected by PFBC with a novel MYORG variant and conducted a mutational analysis of MYORG in her family members. We reviewed all reported PFBC cases with biallelic MYORG mutations until April 1, 2023, and summarized the associated clinical and radiological features and mutation sites.

Results

The patient (22‐year‐old woman) exhibited paroxysmal limb stiffness and dysarthria for 3 years. Computed tomography revealed calcifications in the paraventricular white matter, basal ganglia, thalamus, and cerebellum. Whole‐exome sequencing revealed a novel homozygous frameshift variant (c.743delG: p.G248Afs*32) in exon 2 of the MYORG gene (NM_020702.5). To date, 62 families and 64 mutation sites have been reported. Among the reported biallelic MYORG mutations, 57% were homozygous and 43% were compound heterozygous. Individuals with biallelic MYORG mutations experience more severe brain calcification with approximately 100% clinical penetrance. Ten single heterozygous mutation sites are associated with significant brain calcifications.

Conclusion

All patients with primary brain calcification, particularly younger patients without a family history of the disease, should be screened for MYORG mutations.
Yield uncertainty and strategic formation of supply chain networks
Authors: Amelkin Victor , Vohra Rakesh
Published: September 2023

To understand how supply uncertainty affects the structure of supply chain networks we consider a setting where retailers and suppliers must establish a costly relationship with each other prior too engaging in trade. Suppliers, with uncertain yield, announce wholesale prices, while retailers must decide which suppliers to link to based on their wholesale prices. Subsequently, retailers compete with each other in Cournot fashion to sell the acquired supply to consumers. We find that in equilibrium retailers concentrate their links among too few suppliers, that is, there is insufficient diversification of the supply base. We find that either reduction in supply variance or increase in mean supply, increases a supplier's profit. However, these two ways of improving service have qualitatively different effects on welfare: improvement of the expected yield by a supplier makes everyone better off, whereas change in the variance of the yield impacts system members differently.
Integration of in‐mine seismic and GPR surveys to gain advanced knowledge of Bushveld Complex orebodies
Authors: Onyebueke Emmanuel O. , Manzi Musa S. D. , Rapetsoa Moyagabo K. , Kgarume Thabang , Westgate Michael , Durrheim Raymond J. , Pienaar Michelle , Sihoyiya Mpofana , Mpofu Mvikeli , Schoor Michael Van , Kubeka Phumlani
Published: September 2023

Improving the exploration of deep‐seated mineral deposits and assessing the stability of the mine pillars require that geophysical techniques are deployed in a fast and cost‐effective manner with minimal environmental impact. This research presents results from in‐mine reflection seismic experiments and a ground penetrating radar (GPR) survey conducted at the Maseve platinum mine, South Africa. The research aims to develop and implement methods to image platinum group metal (PGM) deposits and geological structures near mine tunnels and assess the stability of pillars. The seismic experiments were conducted using a sledgehammer source (10 lb), conventional cabled geophones (14 Hz), and a landstreamer with 4.5 Hz vertical component geophones. The GPR survey was conducted using a Noggin 500 GPR system with 500 MHz centre frequency. An image of the underlying orebody and geological structures down to 100 m from the mine tunnel floor (∼500 m below ground surface) was produced. We correlated the coherent reflections beneath the tunnel floor with a known Upper Group (UG2) PGM orebody. The final seismic section shows that the UG2 mineralisation is dissected by near‐vertical dykes, faults and fractures. These structures, faults in particular, are interpreted to have been active post‐mineralisation, implying that they may have contributed to the current complex geometry of the deposit. Four GPR profiles were collected around a stability pillar adjacent to the seismic lines. The radargram sections were processed to improve the signal‐to‐noise ratio (S/N). The results show different patterns of fracturing and stress‐induced structures. These fractures were shown to be sub‐vertical and, possibly, constitute complex micro‐structures within the pillar, which could compromise the pillar stability and integrity. The study demonstrates that in‐mine seismic and GPR surveys can be cost‐effective and valuable for mineral exploration.
Does financial inclusion stimulate India's economy: A panel data analysis
Authors: Ghosh Shantanu , Sahu Tarak Nath , Mallik Girijasankar
Published: September 2023

The study empirically examines the connections between three different measures of financial inclusion with output growth across the states of India. Applying the panel co‐integration and error correction model for 26 states and 4 union territories, it concludes that all three measures of financial development with gross fixed capital formation enhance real net state GDP significantly in the long run. Further, a significant reduction in the real net state GDP is also observed during the Global Financial Crisis. This study is important for the Indian policymakers to formulate effective financial inclusion policies leading to the overall development of the Indian economy.
Stability analysis of wall‐attached Bénard–Marangoni convection in a vertical magnetic field
Authors: Boeck Thomas
Published: September 2023

The threshold for the onset of thermocapillary flow in a planar liquid layer heated from below is increased by a vertical magnetic field when the liquid is a good electric conductor. The magnetic damping effect is reduced when the induced eddy currents are blocked by insulating side walls. Neutral conditions for this specific Bénard–Marangoni stability problem with a vertical field and side walls are obtained numerically for three‐dimensional perturbations assumed periodic in one horizontal direction. The domain is bounded by a free‐slip wall at the bottom, a free surface at the top and two free‐slip lateral walls in the other horizontal direction. Buoyancy forces and surface deformations are neglected and a constant heat flux is imposed on the free surface. Upon increasing the magnetic induction, the least stable modes become localized near the side walls and the convective threshold increases at a lower rate than for the least stable bulk mode.
On the lever law of Archimedes in the mechanics of bodies
Authors: Balke Herbert
Published: September 2023

The lever law of Archimedes is widely known since classical antiquity. It is used in many practical applications. Ample experience confirms its validity. Therefore, the lever law sometimes appears obvious or trivial. Its manifestation in the literature of physics ranges from common ignorance through rare marked appreciation to erroneous application of its mathematical content. Since medieval times, the groundbreaking findings of Galilei and Newton concerning the motion of bodies have shaped mechanics as an important branch of physics. On the contrary, it appears that the statics of antiquity with its essential element, the lever law, has gained less popularity despite its importance. In the following, this is demonstrated in terms of citations. For engineering mechanics, this implies to base the fundamental assumptions on the ideas of Archimedes and Newton as consistently as possible.
Continuous modelling of single layer 2D carbon nanostructures based on a modified Cauchy–Born rule
Authors: Ochs Julian , Wackerfuß Jens
Published: September 2023

Graphene is the thinnest known structure. It consists of a single layer of carbon atoms and has unique mechanical properties. The carbon atoms form bonds with neighbouring atoms that can be described by interatomic potentials. A simulation of molecular mechanical processes can be performed by applying the formalism of the finite element method to the interatomic potentials. Neglecting local effects, a continuum formulation is an efficient alternative to a discrete model. The continuum formulation requires a connection between the discrete atomic lattice and the continuum. One way of doing this is to use the Cauchy–Born rule. This paper reviews the extensions of the Cauchy–Born rule, in particular, the exponential Cauchy–Born rule, and adds an alternative approach. It is shown that all contributions dealing with the exponential Cauchy–Born rule inevitably lead to shell models with Kirchhoff–Love kinematics. The approach presented here instead uses a shell model with Reissner–Mindlin kinematics, which has the major advantage of a much simpler mesh generation and a simpler application of the boundary condition.
Stability analysis of the Robust model order reduction algorithm for parametric linear dynamical systems
Authors: Ahuja Kapil , Singh Navneet Pratap , Choudhary Rajendra
Published: September 2023

We study stability of a interpolatory model order reduction (MOR) algorithm for first‐order and second‐order parametric linear dynamical systems, with respect to inexact linear solves. This analysis is easily extendible to other MOR algorithms for such systems. Besides deriving the two conditions for stability, and subsequent experimentation, our most novel contribution here is achieving a backward stable algorithm.
Properties and preparation of TiO2‐HAP@PVDF composite ultrafiltration membranes
Authors: Li Jian , Sun Jing , Ren Lulu , Lei Ting , Li Juan , Jin Jinbo , Luo Shanshan , Qin Shuhao , Gao Chengtao , Lei Ting
Published: September 2023

The non‐solvent induced phase separation technology was introduced to formulate titanium dioxide (TiO2)‐hydroxyapatite (HAP) composite modified polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) ultrafiltration (UF) membranes, and research was conducted to explore the effect on PVDF UF membrane performance exerted by different addition amounts (0–1.0 wt%) of TiO2‐HAP composite. The results indicated that when 0.3% TiO2‐HAP composite was added, the composite membranes had a through‐channel structure, with a uniform pore structure on the surface, so that they possessed a certainly raised pure water flux. Specifically, in contrast to the pure PVDF membrane, 0.3%‐TiO2‐HAP@PVDF UF membrane exhibited an incremented pure water flux by 59.09%. Besides, TiO2‐HAP@PVDF UF membranes had decreased rejection rate of bovine serum albumin (BSA) together with water contact angle to 58.62% and 70.17°, respectively, compared to the pure PVDF membrane (85.52% & 92.75°), showing good hydrophilicity. Several pure water flux tests on the composite UF membranes revealed that the flux tended to be stable after the 4th test. In summary, the addition of TiO2‐HAP composite is capable of efficiently ameliorating PVDF base membranes from the aspects of microstructure, hydrophilicity, antifouling properties, as well as stability, allowing a good application prospect in actual water treatment.

Highlights

The HAP can solve the poor adsorption of TiO2.

The TiO2 can improves the interfacial adhesion between HAP and polymer.

The TiO2‐HAP composite with excellent stability, corrosion resistance and et al.

The TiO2‐HAP@PVDF UF membrane with anti‐pollution performance and stability.
Preparation and characterization of novel boron containing nanocomposites with neutron radiation shielding properties
Authors: Saltan Fehmi , Şirin Kamil , Aydin Selim , Yildirim Yeliz
Published: September 2023

PVA/PEO/PVP‐B4C and PVA/PEO/PVP‐BN polymer nanocomposites were prepared using boron nitrite (BN), boron carbide (B4C), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and polyethylene oxide (PEO). B4C and BN nanopowders were added to the mixture at three different percentages: 5%, 10%, and 20%. Thermal characterization was performed by differential scanning calorimetry, differential thermal analysis and thermogravimetry. Scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction were used for surface analysis and crystal structure characterization. The atomic distribution was determined by elemental analysis. Neutron shielding properties were performed at three different gamma peak areas, 1293.56 keV, 1097.33 keV, 416.86 keV, and calculated total macroscopic cross‐section ∑T and half‐value layer. The ∑T values were found to be in the range of 7.99–14.37 for all synthesized composites. B4C‐doped composites show higher protection efficiency against slow thermal neutrons than BN‐doped samples.

Highlights

Poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(ethylene oxide)/polyvinylpyrrolidone composites containing boron nanoparticles are flexible and workable.

Nanocomposites were prepared with a simple, cheap, and fast method.

Prepared boron nanocomposites exhibit slow thermal neutron stopping even at 3 mm thickness.

PVA90/PEO5/PVP5‐BN and PVA90/PEO5/PVP5‐B4C composites are good candidates for demanding military applications such as vehicle and body armor.
Physico‐mechanical and thermo‐mechanical analysis of zinc borate filled glass fiber reinforced polymer composites
Authors: Chellamuthu K. , Vasanthanathan A.
Published: September 2023

The potential benefits of using zinc borate powder as filler material in the production of glass fiber‐reinforced composites were explored in this study. The epoxy matrix was filled with zinc borate powder at 5%, 10%, and 15% by weight, as part of the hand lay‐up approach followed by a compression molding process. Ultrasonication was used to mix the epoxy resin with zinc borate fillers. Both the elemental composition and morphological characteristics were studied using a scanning electron microscope and energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis. The composite's density, tensile behavior, flexural behavior, impact resistance, and hardness were all measured experimentally. The potential incorporation of zinc borate particles resulted in a modest reduction in the void contents, in addition to enhancing the interfacial bonding in glass fiber‐reinforced composites as also a significant improvement in both the mechanical and thermal properties of the hybrid composites produced. The 10 wt.% zinc borate‐ filled glass fiber‐reinforced composites exhibited a significant rise in both ultimate tensile strength (227 MPa), ultimate compressive strength (239 MPa), and ultimate flexural strength (406 MPa) compared to the unfilled counterpart. The performance of the laminated composites was greatly improved by adding zinc borate powder particles to the matrix.

Highlights

In the present work glass fiber was reinforced with zinc borate to explore the morphological, mechanical, and thermal properties.

Ultrasonication was used to mix the epoxy resin and zinc borate fillers and the composites were manufactured by compression molding process.

The addition of zinc borate resulted in an increase in tensile strength, flexural strength, and compressive strength.

The thermal stability of the composites was increased by the addition of zinc borate to the glass matrix.

The good bonding between the matrix and fiber resulted in improvements in various properties.
Defining opioid naïve and implications for monitoring opioid use: A population‐based study in Alberta, Canada
Authors: Lee Cerina , Ye Ming , Weaver Olivia , Jess Ed , Gilani Fizza , Samanani Salim , Eurich Dean T.
Published: September 2023

Purpose

Reducing initial exposure of “opioid naïve” patients to opioids is a public health priority. Identifying opioid naïve patients is difficult, as numerous definitions are used. The objective is to summarize current definitions and evaluate their impact on opioid naïve measures in Alberta.

Methods

An exploratory data analysis of the literature was conducted over the last 10 years to identify definitions commonly used in the literature to define opioid naïve. Then, using these definitions as a guide, we descriptively report the proportion of patients in Alberta between 2017 and 2021 who would be considered as opioid naïve using these definitions and all opioid dispensing data.

Results

Three categories of definitions were broadly identified: (1) no opioid use within the previous 30 days/6 months/1 year, based on dispensation date; (2) no opioid use based on dispensation date plus days of supply; and, (3) exclusion of codeine from Definitions 1 and 2. Applying these definitions to the Alberta population showed a very wide range in the proportion who would be considered as opioid naïve. Overall, 36.4% of Albertans (n = 1 551 075) had an opioid dispensation in 2017–2021. The average age was 46.6 ± 18.8 and 52.8% were female. The proportion of opioid naïve were most affected by the “opioid free” period, with 97.4%, 83.2%, and 65.6% being classified as opioid naïve using time windows from Definition 1 (30 days, 6 months, 1 year of no prior opioid use). Definitions 2 and 3 did not materially change the results. Further extending the “opioid free” period to 2 years showed only 35% were opioid naïve.

Conclusions

The most convenient definition for “opioid naïve” was the use of an “opioid free” period. The choice of window would depend on how the information may be used to assistant in clinical decisions with longer windows more likely to reflect true opioid naïve patients. Irrespective of definition used, a large proportion of opioid users would be considered opioid naïve in Alberta.
Body image and cancer‐related lymphoedema: A systematic review
Authors: Byrne Emma , Gaffey Jane , Hayden Lucy , Daly Adam , Gallagher Pamela , Dunne Simon
Published: September 2023

Objective

Cancer‐related lymphoedema is a common side effect of cancer, affecting 24%–49% of people with cancer. Body image contributes to the well‐being of individuals with this condition. This systematic review aimed to explore, for the first time, the state of the science concerning body image in cancer‐related lymphoedema, including how body image is measured and variables associated with body image concerns.

Methods

Six databases were systematically searched for peer‐reviewed articles describing empirical quantitative studies where body image was measured with a reliable and valid measurement tool in adults with cancer‐related lymphoedema.

Results

Nine studies with 977 participants were included. The studies involved individuals who had experienced breast, head and neck, melanoma, and urogenital cancers and developed lymphoedema. There was considerable heterogeneity in body image measures used, precluding meta‐analysis. The following variables were associated with increased body image concern: higher body integrity beliefs, experience of physical changes (e.g. pain) and differences in sensation and function, including changes in appearance related thoughts, feelings and emotions. Several studies described behavioural and psychological interventions which positively impacted body image outcomes in individuals with lymphoedema relating to specific cancers.

Conclusion

Regular screening for body image concerns could encourage more positive body image awareness in individuals with cancer‐related lymphoedema and lessen some of its associated negative consequences. Future longitudinal and individual differences research in this area is important to inform intervention development. There is also need for a more standardised approach to the study and measurement of body image in people with cancer‐related lymphoedema.
Estimation of Temperature Homogeneity in MEMS‐Based Heating Nanochips via Quantitative HAADF‐STEM Tomography
Authors: Chen Qiongyang , Skorikov Alexander , van der Hoeven Jessi E. S. , van Blaaderen Alfons , Albrecht Wiebke , Pérez‐Garza H. Hugo , Bals Sara
Published: September 2023

Sample holders for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) based on micro‐electro‐mechanical systems (MEMS) have recently become popular for investigating the behavior of nanomaterials under in situ or environmental conditions. The accuracy and reproducibility of these in situ holders are essential to ensure the reliability of experimental results. In addition, the uniformity of an applied temperature trigger across the MEMS chip is a crucial parameter. In this work, it is measured the temperature homogeneity of MEMS‐based heating sample supports by locally analyzing the dynamics of heat‐induced alloying of Au@Ag nanoparticles located in different regions of the support through quantitative fast high‐angle annular dark‐field scanning TEM tomography. These results demonstrate the superior temperature homogeneity of a microheater design based on a heating element shaped as a circular spiral with a width decreasing outwards compared to a double spiral‐shaped designed microheater. The proposed approach to measure the local temperature homogeneity based on the thermal properties of bimetallic nanoparticles will support the future development of MEMS‐based heating supports with improved thermal properties and in situ studies where high precision in the temperature at a certain position is required.