bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic diversity in migratory bats: Results from RADseq data for three tree bat species at an Ohio windfarm
Authors: Sovic Michael G. , Carstens Bryan C. , Gibbs H. Lisle
Published: January 2016

Genetic analyses can identify the scale at which wildlife species are impacted by human activities, and provide demographic information useful for management. Here, we use thousands of nuclear DNA genetic loci to assess whether genetic structure occurs withinLasiurus cinereus(Hoary Bat),L. borealis(Red Bat), andLasionycteris noctivagans(Silver-Haired Bat) bats found at a wind turbine site in Ohio, and to also estimate demographic parameters in each of these three groups. Our specific goals are to: 1) demonstrate the feasibility of isolating RADseq loci from these tree bat species, 2) test for genetic structure within each species, including any structure that may be associated with time (migration period), and 3) use coalescent-based modeling approaches to estimate genetically-effective population sizes and patterns of population size changes over evolutionary timescales. Thousands of loci were successfully genotyped for each species, demonstrating the value of RADseq for generating polymorphic loci for population genetic analyses in these bats. There was no evidence for genetic differentiation between groups of samples collected at different times throughout spring and fall migration, suggesting that individuals from each species found at the wind facility are from single panmictic populations. Estimates of present-day effective population sizes varied across species, but were consistently large, on the order of 105–106. All populations show evidence of expansions that date to the Pleistocene. These results, along with recent work also suggesting limited genetic structure in bats across North America, argue that additional biomarker systems such as stable-isotopes or trace elements should be investigated as alternative and/or complementary approaches to genetics for sourcing individuals collected at single wind farm sites.
Dynamic Chirality Control of tropos DPCB‐digold Skeleton by Chiral Binaphthyldicarboxylate
Authors: Ito Shigekazu , Nanko Masaki , Shinozaki Tomokazu , Kojima Masafumi , Aikawa Kohsuke , Mikami Koichi
Published: January 2016

The planar 3,4‐diphosphinidenecyclobutene (DPCB) can be remarkably twisted into a C2‐type helical structure by dual coordination of a AuCl moiety. A prompt chirality control of the twisted DPCB skeleton ligated by the digold units affords the enantiopure structure by exchanging the chloride ligands for chiral [1,1′‐binaphthalene]‐2,2′‐dicarboxylate. The chirality of the diaurated 2,2′‐bis(diphenylphosphanyl)‐1,1′‐biphenyl (BIPHEP) system can be controlled prior to that of DPCB. Mixing of a DPCB‐bis(chlorogold) complex with the chiral silver salt dynamically leads to a single diastereomer, which was characterized by the 31P NMR spectrum and the CD couplet patterns in the visible (DPCB) area. The absolute configuration of the singly induced helical structure was assigned by the theoretical CD spectra determined by TD‐DFT calculations. Intramolecular alkoxycyclization of hexa‐4,5‐dien‐1‐ol catalyzed by the asymmetric DPCB‐digold structure were also attempted.
Hydrogen‐Bonding Network Promoted [3+2] Cycloaddition: Asymmetric Catalytic Construction of Spiro‐pseudoindoxyl Derivatives
Authors: Zhang Liang‐Jie , Wang Yao , Hu Xiu‐Qin , Xu Peng‐Fei
Published: January 2016

The enantioselective construction of a spirocyclic quaternary stereogenic carbon center at the C2 position of indole has long been an elusive problem in organic synthesis. Herein, by employing a rationally designed hydrogen‐bonding network activation strategy, for the first time, 2,2′‐pyrrolidinyl‐spirooxindole, which is a valuable and prevalent indole alkaloid scaffold, was directly obtained through a catalytic asymmetric [3+2] cycloaddition reaction with high yields and excellent stereoselectivities.
Guerbet Alcohols: From Processes under Harsh Conditions to Synthesis at Room Temperature under Ambient Pressure
Authors: Biermann Marc , Gruß Hendrik , Hummel Werner , Gröger Harald
Published: January 2016

A novel synthetic approach towards Guerbet alcohols, which are important intermediates in the production of plasticizers, lubricants, and surfactants, was developed. In contrast to the harsh reaction conditions of Guerbet alcohols produced today, which include high temperatures, the new developed process runs at room temperature. The key feature of this alternative process is the combination of organocatalytic and enzymatic steps towards a chemoenzymatic synthesis. In detail, the piperidinyloxyl‐catalyzed oxidation of 1‐hexanol by using hypochlorite and the lysine‐catalyzed homoaldol condensation of the resulting aldehyde were combined with two subsequent enzymatic reductions of the C=C and C=O bonds of the in situ formed 2‐branched α,β‐unsaturated aldehyde by means of an ene reductase from Gluconobacter oxydans and an alcohol dehydrogenase from Rhodococcus sp. under in situ cofactor regeneration. The desired 2‐branched aliphatic primary alcohol was obtained with high conversion and selectivity and without the need for intermediate purifications.
Understanding Co‐Mo Catalyzed Ammonia Decomposition: Influence of Calcination Atmosphere and Identification of Active Phase
Authors: Duan Xuezhi , Ji Jian , Yan Xiaodong , Qian Gang , Chen De , Zhou Xinggui
Published: January 2016

To elucidate the effect of textural and chemical properties of catalysts and to discriminate the active phase are fundamental issues in heterogeneous catalysis, but they are often complicated by the nature of support adding a new dimension. In this work, metal amine metallate (Co(en)3MoO4) precursor was directly treated by calcination and prenitridation to understand these two issues in Co‐Mo catalyzed ammonia decomposition. The calcination atmosphere (i.e., Ar and Air) is found to remarkably affect the textural and chemical properties of catalysts, and air atmosphere is favorable for higher stable reactivity despite incomplete nitridation of the catalyst. Further prenitridation of the sample from the calcination of Co(en)3MoO4 under air gives rise to higher catalytic activity, and Co3Mo3N is suggested as the dominant active phase of Co‐Mo catalysts. The insights revealed here shed new light on the design of Co‐Mo catalysts for ammonia decomposition.
Phage Selection of Peptide Macrocycles against β‐Catenin To Interfere with Wnt Signaling
Authors: Bertoldo Davide , Khan Maola M. G. , Dessen Pierre , Held Werner , Huelsken Joerg , Heinis Christian
Published: January 2016

Upregulation of β‐catenin, the primary mediator of the Wnt signaling pathway, plays an important role in the tumorigenesis of several types of human cancer. Targeting β‐catenin to interfere with its ability to serve as a translational co‐activator is considered an attractive therapeutic approach. However, the development of inhibitors has been challenging because of the lack of obvious binding pockets for ligands, and because inhibitors should not interfere with other β‐catenin functions. Only two ligands with known molecular interactions with β‐catenin have been developed so far, and are based on stabilized α‐helical peptides. In this study, we screened a large combinatorial library of bicyclic peptides by phage display. Binders to different surface regions of β‐catenin were identified. The binding site of one group of ligands was mapped to the interaction region of the translational Wnt inhibitor ICAT (inhibitor of β‐catenin and Tcf), which is a prime target site on β‐catenin for therapeutic intervention, and to which no ligands could be developed before.
Regioselective, Tin‐Free Sulfation of Unprotected Hexopyranosides by Using Phenylboronic Acid
Authors: Fukuhara Kenji , Shimada Naoyuki , Nishino Takashi , Kaji Eisuke , Makino Kazuishi
Published: January 2016

Regioselective, tin‐free sulfation of a number of unprotected glycopyranosides derived from L‐fucose, L‐rhamnose, D‐arabinose, D‐glucose, D‐galactose, and D‐trehalose was achieved by using phenylboronic acid for masking the hydroxy groups and a 2,2,2‐trichloroethyl‐protected sulfurylimidazolium salt as the sulfating reagent. The formation of phenylborate ester remarkably improved the solubility of the carbohydrates in organic solvents and indicated high reactivity and regioselectivity in the sulfation reactions. This methodology was successfully adapted to result in a one‐pot procedure that did not require separation or purification of the reaction intermediates.
Cognitive performance in depressed older persons: the impact of vascular burden and remission. A two‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Zuidersma Marij , Comijs Hannie C. , Naarding Paul , Oude Voshaar Richard C.
Published: January 2016

Objectives

Depression is associated with an increased risk of cognitive decline. The present study compared two‐year change in cognitive performance between depressed older persons and a non‐depressed control group, between remitted and non‐remitted patients, and evaluated whether vascular burden at baseline was associated with more cognitive decline in depressed older persons.

Methods

Depressed patients (n = 378) aged ≥60 were recruited from mental healthcare institutes and general practices, and a non‐depressed control group (n = 132) was recruited from general practices. A DSM‐IV depressive episode was established with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview, and processing speed, working memory, verbal memory and interference control were evaluated with three neurocognitive tasks at baseline and 2 years later. A modified Framingham Risk Score, ankle‐brachial index, and history of a vascular event defined vascular burden at baseline.

Results

After adjusting for baseline cognitive performance, age, sex, and education level, depressed older persons had worse processing speed and verbal memory scores at follow‐up than controls (regression coefficients: −0.172; p = 0.042 and −0.309; p = 0.001, respectively) but did not differ in the other two‐cognitive outcomes. In the sample of depressed patients, remission status at 2 years follow‐up and baseline vascular burden did not predict cognitive performance at follow‐up, after adjustment for baseline cognitive performance, age, sex and education level.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that cognitive deficits in depressed older persons are not just a manifestation of depression. In addition, vascular burden was not associated with worse cognitive decline in a sample of depressed older persons. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Rigidoporus Vinctus Alcohol Dehydrogenase and Its Characterization
Authors: Ken Chuian‐Fu , Tzeng Shiun‐Jye , Wen Lisa , Lin Chi‐Tsai
Published: January 2016

Alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs; E.C. 1.1.1.1) are widely distributed enzymes found in many microorganisms. ADHs are oxidoreductases that catalyze the NAD(P)+‐dependent conversion of alcohols to aldehydes or ketones as well as the reverse reaction. The ADH cloned from Rigidoporus vinctus (RvADH) was 1035 bp that encodes a protein of 344 amino acid residues with calculated molecular mass of 38.39 kDa. This ADH is belonging to the medium‐chain family (medium‐chain dehydrogenase/reductase (MDR) and has the highly conserved GXXGXXG sequence found in the MDR family which found as the coenzyme‐binding pocket. To characterize the ADH protein, the coding region was subcloned into an expression vector pET‐20b(+) and transformed into E. coli Rosetta (DE3). The recombinant His6‐tagged ADH was overexpressed and purified by Ni2+‐nitrilotriacetic acid Sepharose. The purified enzyme showed one band on 12 % sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The Michaelis constant (KM) value of the recombinant enzyme for ethanol was 0.79 mM. In substrates specificity analysis showed that RvADH had great oxidative activity toward primary alcohols. However, the less activtiy toward secondary alcohols and alcohol derivatives were compared with ethanol. Regarding the reductase activity showed low or even no activity to aldehydes and ketone.
Milligan–Morgan (Open) Versus Ferguson Haemorrhoidectomy (Closed): A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Published Randomized, Controlled Trials
Authors: Bhatti Muhammad I. , Sajid Muhammad Shafique , Baig Mirza K.
Published: January 2016

Objective

The purpose of this article is to systematically analyse the randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) comparing Ferguson or closed haemorrhoidectomy (CH) versus open haemorrhoidectomy (OH) or Milligan–Morgan haemorrhoidectomy in the management of haemorrhoidal disease (HD).

Methods

RCTs on the effectiveness of CH and OH in the management of HD were analysed systematically using RevMan®, and combined outcome was expressed as odds ratio (OR) and standardized mean difference.

Results

Eleven CRTs encompassing 1326 patients were analysed systematically. There was significant heterogeneity among included trials. Therefore, in the random effects model, CH was associated with a reduced post‐operative pain (SMD, −0.36; 95 % CI, −0.64, −0.07; z = 2.45; p = 0.01), faster wound healing (OR, 0.08; 95 % CI, 0.02, 0.24; z = 4.33; p < 0.0001), lesser risk of post‐operative bleeding (OR, 0.50; 95 % CI, 0.27, 0.91; z = 2.27; p < 0.02) and prolonged duration of operation (SMD, 6.10; 95 % CI, 3.21, 8.98; z = 4.13; p < 0.0001). But the variables such as pain on defecation (SMD, −0.33; 95 % CI, −0.68, 0.03; z = 1.82; p = 0.07), length of hospital stay, post‐operative complications, HD recurrence and risk of surgical site infection were similar in both groups.

Conclusion

CH has clinically measurable advantages over OH in terms of reduced post‐operative pain, lower risk of post‐operative bleeding and faster wound healing.
Numerical study of head-on droplet collisions at high Weber numbers
Authors: Liu M. , Bothe D.
Published: January 2016

Head-on collisions of binary water droplets at high Weber numbers are studied by means of direct numerical simulations (DNS). We modify the lamella stabilization method of Focke & Bothe (J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech., vol. 166 (14), 2011, pp. 799–810), which avoids the artificial rupture of the thin lamella arising in high-energy collisions, and validate it in the regime of high Weber numbers. The simulations are conducted with and without initial disturbances and the results are compared with the experimental work of Pan et al. (Phys. Rev. E, vol. 80 (3), 2009, 036301). The influence of initial white noise disturbance on the collision dynamics is identified and good agreement between the simulation results and the experimental results is obtained when the initial noise disturbances are properly exerted. In order to include the stochastic nature of the disturbance, we conduct several simulations with white noise disturbance of same strength and average the spectrum diagram for the unstably developing rim of the collision complex. We show that the magnification of rim perturbation can be predicted by Plateau–Rayleigh theory over a long time span.
Reynolds and Mach number scaling in solenoidally-forced compressible turbulence using high-resolution direct numerical simulations
Authors: Jagannathan Shriram , Donzis Diego A.
Published: January 2016

We report results from direct numerical simulation (DNS) of stationary compressible isotropic turbulence at very-high resolutions and a range of parameters using a massively parallel code at Taylor Reynolds numbers ($R_{{\it\lambda}}$) ranging from$R_{{\it\lambda}}=38$to$430$and turbulent Mach numbers ($M_{t}$) ranging from 0.1 to 0.6 on up to$2048^{3}$grid resolutions. A stationary state is maintained by a stochastic solenoidal forcing at the largest scales. The focus is on the mechanisms of energy exchanges, namely, dissipation, pressure-dilatation correlation and the individual contributing variables. Compressibility effects are studied by decomposing velocity and pressure fields into solenoidal and dilatational components. We suggest a critical turbulent Mach number at about 0.3 that separate two different flow regimes – only at Mach numbers above this critical value do we observe dilatational effects to affect the flow behaviour in a qualitative manner. The equipartition of energy between the dilatational components of kinetic and potential energy, originally proposed for decaying flows at low$M_{t}$, presents significant scatter at low$M_{t}$, but appears to be valid at high$M_{t}$for stationary flows, which is explained by the different role of dilatational pressure in decaying and stationary flows, and at low and high$M_{t}$. While at low$M_{t}$pressure possesses characteristics of solenoidal pressure, at high$M_{t}$it behaves in similar ways to dilatational pressure, which results in significant changes in the dynamics of energy exchanges. This also helps explain the observed qualitative change in the skewness of pressure at high$M_{t}$reported in the literature. Regions of high pressure are found to be correlated with regions of intense local expansions. In these regions, the density–temperature correlation is also seen to be relatively high. Classical scaling laws for low-order moments originally proposed for incompressible turbulence appear to be only weakly affected by compressibility for the range of$R_{{\it\lambda}}$and$M_{t}$investigated.
Technological Innovation in the Maritime Industry: The Case of Remote Pilotage and Enhanced Navigational Assistance
Authors: Brooks Ben , Coltman Tim , Yang Miles
Published: January 2016

Advances in technological innovation have been deployed to support autonomous or semi-autonomous vehicles in many industries. A question that remains unanswered is why very little progress has been made in remote pilotage over the past 15 years. This paper draws together theories from innovation management and the high reliability organisation literatures to shed light on this question. Using a case study of two Australian ports, we examine a business case for remote pilotage demonstrating that despite positive cost benefit models, ambiguities in benefits exist throughout the ecosystem. The discussion sheds light on unique challenges that port executives face where it is necessary to simultaneously develop a strategy to: (1) manage the internal innovation process, and (2) manage the external consequences of the innovation by mobilising allies, managing opponents, and converting those who are indifferent to the innovation. The main contribution of this paper is to show that any assessment of the innovation challenge facing remote pilotage and enhanced navigational assistance requires the maritime industry to ask new questions not previously considered.
Development and Performance Validation of a Navigation System for an Underwater Vehicle
Authors: Ramesh R. , Jyothi V. Bala Naga , Vedachalam N. , Ramadass G.A. , Atmanand M.A.
Published: January 2016

Underwater position data is a key requirement for the navigation and control of unmanned underwater vehicles. The proposed navigation scheme can be used in any vessel or boat for any shallow water vehicle. This paper presents the position estimation algorithm developed for shallow water Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs) using attitude data and Doppler Velocity Log data with the initial position from the Global Positioning System (GPS). The navigational sensors are identified using the in-house developed simulation tool in MATLAB, based on the requirement of a position accuracy of less than 5%. The navigation system is built using the identified sensors, Kalman filter and navigation algorithm, developed in LabVIEW software. The developed system is tested and validated for position estimation, with an emulator consisting of a GPS-aided fibre optic gyro-based inertial navigation system as a reference, and it is found that the developed navigation system has a position error of less than 5%.
Trial by Jury as “Mockery of Justice”: Party Contention, Courtroom Corruption, and the Ironic Judicial Legacy of Antimasonry
Authors: Bussiere Elizabeth
Published: January 2016

Sweeping across the social and political landscape of the northeastern United States during the late 1820s and early 1830s, the Antimasonic Party has earned a modest immortality as the first “third” party in American history. In pamphlets, speeches, sermons, protests, and other venues, Antimasons lambasted the fraternal order of Freemasonry as undemocratic, inegalitarian, and un-Christian, reviling it as a threat to the moral order and civic health of the Early Republic. Because they believed that the fraternal organization largely controlled all levels of government, antebellum Antimasons first created a social movement and then an independent political party. Even before the full emergence of modern mass democratic politics, Antimasons demonstrated the benefits of party organization, open national nominating conventions, and party platforms. Scholars with otherwise different perspectives on the “party period” tend to agree that Antimasonry had an important impact on what became the first true mass party organizations—the Jacksonian Democrats and the Whigs—and helped push the political culture in a more egalitarian and populist direction.
“The Greatest Thrill I Get is When I Hear a Criminal Say, ‘Yes, I Did it’”: Race and the Third Degree in New Orleans, 1920–1945
Authors: Adler Jeffrey S.
Published: January 2016

On May 11, 1938, two New Orleans policemen entered the Astoria Restaurant, marched to the kitchen, and approached Loyd D. T. Washington, a 41-year-old African American cook. They informed Washington that they would be taking him to the First Precinct station for questioning, although they assured the cook that he need not change his clothes and “should be right back” to the “Negro restaurant,” where he had worked for 3 years. Immediately after arriving at the station house, police officers “surrounded” Washington, showed him a photograph of a man, and announced that he had killed a white man in Yazoo City, Mississippi, 20 years earlier. When Washington insisted that he did not know the man in the photograph, that he had never been to (or even heard of) Yazoo City, and that he had been in the army at the time of the murder, the law enforcers confined him in a cell, although they had no warrant for his arrest and did not charge him with any crime. The following day, a detective brought him to the “show-up room” in the precinct house, where he continued the interrogation and, according to Washington, “tried to make me sign papers stating that I had killed a white man” in Mississippi. As every African American New Orleanian knew, the show-up (or line-up) room was the setting where detectives tortured suspects and extracted confessions. “You know you killed him, Nigger,” the detective roared. Washington, however, refused to confess, and the detective began punching him in the face, knocking out five of his teeth. After Washington crumbled to the floor, the detective repeatedly kicked him and broke one of his ribs. The beating continued for an hour, until other policemen restrained the detective, saying “give him a chance to confess and if he doesn't you may start again.” But Washington did not confess, and the violent interrogation began anew. A short time later, another police officer interrupted the detective, telling him “do not kill this man in here, after all he is wanted in Yazoo City.” Bloodied and writhing in pain, Washington asked to contact his family, but the request was ignored. Because he had not been formally charged with a crime, New Orleans law enforcers believed that Washington had no constitutional protection again self-incrimination or coercive interrogation and no right to an arraignment or bail, and they had no obligation to contact his relatives or to provide medical care for him.
Dietary Intake at 9 Years and Subsequent Body Mass Index in Adolescent Boys and Girls: A Study of Monozygotic Twin Pairs
Authors: Dubois Lise , Diasparra Maikol , Bogl Leonie-Helen , Fontaine-Bisson Bénédicte , Bédard Brigitte , Tremblay Richard E. , Kaprio Jaakko , Boivin Michel
Published: January 2016

There is a lack of evidence pointing to specific dietary elements related to weight gain and obesity prevention in childhood and adulthood. Dietary intake and obesity are both inherited and culturally transmitted, but most prospective studies on the association between diet and weight status do not take genetics into consideration. The objective of this study was to document the association between dietary intake at 9 years and subsequent Body Mass Index (BMI) in adolescent monozygotic boy and girl twin pairs. This research used data from 152 twin pairs. Dietary data were collected from two 24-hour-recall interviews with a parent and the child aged 9 years. Height and weight were obtained when the twins were aged 9, 12, 13, and 14 years. Intrapair variability analysis was performed to identify dietary elements related to BMI changes in subsequent years. BMI-discordant monozygotic twin pairs were also identified to analyze the dietary constituents that may have generated the discordance. After eliminating potential confounding genetic factors, pre-adolescent boys who ate fewer grain products and fruit and consumed more high-fat meat and milk had higher BMIs during adolescence; pre-adolescent girls who consumed more grain products and high-fat meat and milk had higher BMIs during adolescence. Energy intake (EI) at 9 years was not related to BMI in subsequent years. Our study suggests that messages and interventions directed at obesity prevention could take advantage of sex-specific designs and‚ eventually‚ genetic information.
Charge-transfer interactions between TCNQ and silver clusters Ag20 and Ag13
Authors: Chen Jing , Zhang Hanyu , Liu Xianhu , Yuan Chengqian , Jia Meiye , Luo Zhixun , Yao Jiannian
Published: January 2016

Interactions of tetracyanoquinodimethane with silver clusters Ag13 and Ag20 are demonstrated by first-principles calculations and Raman/IR spectroscopy.
Effects of temperature, salt concentration, and the protonation state on the dynamics and hydrogen-bond interactions of polyelectrolyte multilayers on lipid membranes
Authors: Lee Hwankyu
Published: January 2016

Polyelectrolyte multilayers, which consist of poly-l-lysines (PLL) and hyaluronic acids (HA), are simulated on phospholipid membranes with explicit water at different temperatures, salt concentrations, and protonation states of PLL that correspond to pH 7 or higher.
The relevance of membrane models to understand nanoparticles–cell membrane interactions
Authors: Rascol Estelle , Devoisselle Jean-Marie , Chopineau Joël
Published: January 2016

Membrane models are pertinent tools to explore and analyze nanoparticles–membrane interactions occurring at the cellular level.
Talaroketals A and B, unusual bis(oxaphenalenone) spiro and fused ketals from the soil fungus Talaromyces stipitatus ATCC 10500
Authors: Zang Yi , Genta-Jouve Grégory , Retailleau Pascal , Escargueil Alexandre , Mann Stéphane , Nay Bastien , Prado Soizic
Published: January 2016

Talaroketals A and B, unusual bis(oxaphenalenone) spiro and fused ketals were isolated from the soil fungusTalaromyces stipitatusATCC 10500.
Inhibition of HL-60 cell growth via cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction by a cycloartane–labdane heterodimer from Pseudolarix amabilis
Authors: Tian Xinhui , Yang Niao , Li Bo , Zhang Jianping , Xu Xike , Yue Rongcai , Li Huiliang , Chen Liping , Shen Yunheng , Zhang Weidong
Published: January 2016

A cycloartane–labdane heterodimer pseudolaridimer C (1) was isolated from Pseudolarix amabilis. It exerted a cytotoxicity effect on HL-60 cells by arresting the cell cycle in the G2/M phase and inducing caspase-dependent apoptosis.
A review of metal oxynitrides for photocatalysis
Authors: Ahmed Manan , Xinxin Guo
Published: January 2016

This review highlights the recent progress in the production of hydrogen using a metal oxynitride photocatalyst under visible light irradiation.
Gold(i) catalyzed [1,3] O → C rearrangement of benzylvinyl ethers
Authors: Kona Chandrababu Naidu , Patil Mahesh N. , Ramana Chepuri V.
Published: January 2016

A simple procedure for the preparation of 3-(hetero)arylpropionaldehydes has been developed employing a gold-catalyzed [1,3]-rearrangement of vinyl ethers.
Evaluation of characterization and disinfection efficacy of chlorocresol nanoemulsion disinfectant
Authors: Xue-feng Yang , Ya-wei Sun , Su-yu Mu , Dong-yang Liu , Jian-he Hu , Yan-zhao Xu , Yuan-zhe Bai , Yu-lu Shi
Published: January 2016

The aim of this study is to evaluate the characterization and disinfection efficacy of chlorocresol nanoemulsion disinfectant (CND).
Effects of Mo/W codoping on the visible-light photocatalytic activity of monoclinic BiVO4 within the GGA + U framework
Authors: Zhang Jihua , Deng Mingsen , Ren Fengzhu , Wu Yu , Wang Yuanxu
Published: January 2016

Mo or W atom doping on V site can form continuum states above conduction band edge of BiVO4. Mo/W/Mo and W/Mo/W co-doped BiVO4 have relatively small formation energies and band gaps, which is particularly suitable for visible-light photocatalysis.
Catalyzed Claisen–Schmidt reaction by protonated aluminate mesoporous silica nanomaterial focused on the (E)-chalcone synthesis as a biologically active compound
Authors: Sazegar Mohammad Reza , Mahmoudian Shaya , Mahmoudi Ali , Triwahyono Sugeng , Jalil Aishah Abdul , Mukti Rino R. , Nazirah Kamarudin Nur H. , Ghoreishi Monir K.
Published: January 2016

The energy saving HAlMSN catalyzed Claisen–Schmidt reaction for (E)-chalcone synthesis with high yield, low temperature, short reaction time and catalyst reusability.
Solvent-free mechanochemical synthesis of arylcyanomethylenequinone oximes from phenylacetonitriles and 4-unsubstituted nitroaromatic compounds using KF/nano-γ-Al2O3 as catalyst
Authors: Hong Zhi , Li Jian-Jun , Chen Guang , Jiang Hua-Jiang , Yang Xiao-Feng , Pan Heng , Su Wei-Ke
Published: January 2016

Solvent-free condensation of phenylacetonitriles with 4-unsubstituted nitroaromatic compounds to produce arylcyanomethylenequinone oximes catalyzed by KF/nano-γ-Al2O3 under HSVM conditions in moderate to excellent yields at short reaction times.
Ultralow loading palladium nanocatalysts prepared by atomic layer deposition on three-dimensional graphite-coated nickel foam to enhance the ethanol electro-oxidation reaction
Authors: Jiang Yiwu , Chen Jinwei , Zhang Jie , Li Anqi , Zeng Yaping , Zhou Feilong , Wang Gang , Wang Ruilin
Published: January 2016

Ultralow loading palladium nanoparticles were facilely synthesized on a three-dimensional graphite-coated nickel foam support by metal atomic layer deposition technology and used as a promising catalyst for ethanol electro-oxidation reaction.
The instability of S vacancies in Cu2ZnSnS4
Authors: Zhang Xiaoli , Han Miaomiao , Zeng Zhi , Lin Hai Qing
Published: January 2016

The electronic structures of the possible charge states of vacancies in the earth-abundant solar cell absorber material Cu2ZnSnS4(CZTS) are investigated using screened-exchange hybrid density functional theory.
Eco-benign visible wavelength photodetector based on phthalocyanine-low bandgap copolymer composite blend
Authors: Zafar Qayyum , Aziz Fakhra , Sulaiman Khaulah
Published: January 2016

In the present work, we demonstrate a novel solution-processed photodetector using an organic composite blend of VOPcPhO and PCDTBT to function as the donor (D) and the acceptor (A) materials, respectively.
Three dimensional Ag/KCC-1 catalyst with a hierarchical fibrous framework for the hydrogenation of dimethyl oxalate
Authors: Ouyang Mengyao , Wang Yue , Zhang Jian , Zhao Yujun , Wang Shengping , Ma Xinbin
Published: January 2016

A novel fibrous nano-silica (KCC-1) based silver nanocatalyst exhibits excellent catalytic activity with a high TOF value in the hydrogenation of DMO to MG.
One-step in situ calcination synthesis of g-C3N4/N-TiO2 hybrids with enhanced photoactivity
Authors: Sun Shanfu , Sun Mingxuan , Fang Yalin , Wang Ying , Wang Huiping
Published: January 2016

A series of g-C3N4/N-TiO2 composites were prepared by a solid-phase calcining process and their enhanced visible light photoresponse, photocatalytic activity, and photoelectrochemical performance were demonstrated.
RAFT polymerization of bromotyramine-based 4-acryloyl-1,2,3-triazole: a functional monomer and polymer family through click chemistry
Authors: Andjouh Sofyane , Bressy Christine , Blache Yves
Published: January 2016

A series of bromotyramine-based 4-acryloyl-1,2,3-triazole monomers and polymers using click chemistry and RAFT polymerization.
Chemoselective nitro reduction and hydroamination using a single iron catalyst
Authors: Zhu Kailong , Shaver Michael P. , Thomas Stephen P.
Published: January 2016

An amine-bis(phenolate) iron(iii) complex catalyses both the chemoselective reduction of nitroarenes and the formal hydroamination of highly substituted olefins.
Sensitive and fast identification of bacteria in blood samples by immunoaffinity mass spectrometry for quick BSI diagnosis
Authors: Zhu Yingdi , Qiao Liang , Prudent Michel , Bondarenko Alexandra , Gasilova Natalia , Möller Siham Beggah , Lion Niels , Pick Horst , Gong Tianqi , Chen Zhuoxin , Yang Pengyuan , Lovey Lysiane Tissières , Girault Hubert H.
Published: January 2016

An immunoaffinity mass spectrometry method was proposed for quick BSI diagnosis.
A rapid ammonia sensor based on lysine nanogel-sensitized PANI/PAN nanofibers
Authors: Wu De-Qun , Wu Li-Li , Cui Hai-Chun , Zhang Hong-Nan , Yu Jian-Yong
Published: January 2016

Macrogel was biodegraded into nanogel using trypsin PBS solution, the NH3 sensing properties of the PANI/PAN/4-Lys-4 nanogel thin film were measured after the nanogels were electrospun into PANI/PAN nanofibers.
A rhodium(i)–oxygen adduct as a selective catalyst for one-pot sequential alkyne dimerization-hydrothiolation tandem reactions
Authors: Kleinhans George , Guisado-Barrios Gregorio , Liles David C. , Bertrand Guy , Bezuidenhout Daniela I.
Published: January 2016

An air-stable rhodium(i)–oxygen adduct featuring a CNC-pincer ligand, based on 1,2,3-triazol-5-ylidenes, catalyzes the homo-dimerization and hydrothiolation of alkynes, affording the gem-enyne and α-vinyl sulfide isomers, respectively, with excellent selectivity.
Prediction study on positive DC corona onset voltage of rod‐plane air gaps and its application to the design of valve hall fittings
Authors: Qiu Zhibin , Ruan Jiangjun , Huang Daochun , Shu Shengwen , Du Zhiye
Published: January 2016

Corona inception can be viewed as the release of capacitive energy stored in the electric field. A new prediction method of the corona onset voltage based on electric field features and support vector machine (SVM) is proposed in this study. This method was used to predict the positive DC corona onset voltage of the rod‐plane air gap. The predicted results were compared with the experimental values and the calculated values of the existing methods. Then, the corona onset voltage of the shielding sphere used in a valve hall of ±660 kV DC converter station was measured and predicted by the SVM model and the photoionisation model. The safe values of corona inception electric field strength were obtained. By comparing the finite element numerical calculation results of the electric field strength with the safe value, it was proved that the corona would not incept on the surface of the shielding sphere under operating voltage. This method provides a new possible way to predict corona onset voltages of valve hall fittings used in HVDC transmission projects.
Adaptive fuzzy c‐means algorithm based on local noise detecting for image segmentation
Authors: Guo Fang‐Fang , Wang Xiu‐Xiu , Shen Jie
Published: January 2016

Adding spatial penalty terms in fuzzy c‐means (FCM) models is an important approach for reducing the noise effects in the process of image segmentation. Though these algorithms have improved the robustness to noises in a certain extent, they still have some shortcomings. First, they are usually very sensitive to the parameters which are supposed to be tuned according to noise intensities. Second, in the case of inhomogeneous noises, using a constant parameter for different image regions is obviously unreasonable and usually leads to an unideal segmentation result. For overcoming these drawbacks, a noise detecting‐based adaptive FCM for image segmentation is proposed in this study. Two image filtering methods, playing the roles of denoising and maintaining detail information are utilised in the new algorithm. The parameters for balancing these two parts are computed by measuring the variance of grey‐level values in each neighbourhood. Numerical experiments on both synthetic and real‐world image data show that the new algorithm is effective and efficient.
Optimal flow adjustment of veno‐venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation with an adaptive prediction model: cannula sizes screening and pump speeds estimation
Authors: Kan Chung‐Dann , Chen Wei‐Ling , Lin Chia‐Hung , Lu Pong‐Jeu , Du Yi‐Chun
Published: January 2016

Veno‐venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is an upgraded configuration that provides well‐oxygenated blood to the systemic and pulmonary circulations. Sufficient sized cannulas, gas exchange capability, and other equipment should be selected to fulfil the desired extracorporeal supporting flow for temporary life support. Therefore, an accurate prediction model is used to screen the optimal combinations of cannula sizes and determine adequate extracorporeal flow for gas exchange. Prediction models use a substitution‐rate matrix to choose optimal combinations under hemodynamic stability, and a generalised regression neural network to estimate the desired pump speed required to maintain sufficient flow. Experimental studies are used to validate the proposed model and suggest further modifications in the base/reference for the intensive care unit.
Climate change, the Great Barrier Reef and the response of Australians
Authors: Goldberg Jeremy , Marshall Nadine , Birtles Alastair , Case Peter , Bohensky Erin , Curnock Matt , Gooch Margaret , Parry-Husbands Howard , Pert Petina , Tobin Renae , Villani Christopher , Visperas Bernard
Published: January 2016

Inspiration, aspirations, attitudes, and perception of threats play a pivotal role in the way that individuals associate themselves with natural environments. These sentiments affect how people connect to natural places, including their behaviours, perceived responsibility, and the management interventions they support. World Heritage Areas hold an important place in the lives of people who visit, aspire to visit, or derive a sense of security and well-being from their existence. Yet, the connection between people and special places is rarely quantified and policymakers find it difficult to incorporate these human dimensions into decision-making processes. Here we describe the personal concern and connection that Australians have with the Great Barrier Reef and discuss how the results may help with its management. We utilize a statistically representative sample of Australian residents (n= 2,002) and show empirically that climate change is perceived to be the biggest threat to the Great Barrier Reef, and that the Great Barrier Reef inspires Australians, promotes pride, and instills a sense of individual identity and collective responsibility to protect it. An increased understanding of the high levels of personal connection to iconic natural resources may help managers to enhance public support for protecting climate-sensitive systems within Australia and around the world.
Global energy governance: a review and research agenda
Authors: Van de Graaf Thijs , Colgan Jeff
Published: January 2016

Over the past few years, global energy governance (GEG) has emerged as a major new field of enquiry in international studies. Scholars engaged in this field seek to understand how the energy sector is governed at the global level, by whom and with what consequences. By focusing on governance, they broaden and enrich the geopolitical and hard-nosed security perspectives that have long been, and still are, the dominant perspectives through which energy is analysed. Though still a nascent field, the literature on GEG is thriving and continues to attract the attention of a growing number of researchers. This article reviews the GEG literature as it has developed over the past 10 years. Our aim is to highlight both the progress and limitations of the field, and to identify some opportunities for future research. The article proceeds as follows. First, it traces the origins of the GEG literature (section “Origins and roots of GEG research”). The subsequent sections deal with the two topics that have received the most attention in the GEG literature: Why does energy need global governance (section “The goals and rationale of global energy governance”)? And, who governs energy (section “Mapping the global energy architecture”)? We then address a third question that has received far less attention: How well or poor is energy governed (section “Evaluating global energy governance”)? In our conclusions (section “Conclusions and outlook”), we reflect on the current state of GEG, review recent trends and innovations, and identify some questions that warrant future consideration by scholars. This article is published as part of a thematic collection on global governance.
Turbulent flow over wetted and non-wetted superhydrophobic counterparts with random structure
Authors: Vajdi Hokmabad B. , Ghaemi S.
Published: January 2016

The turbulent structure of a channel flow over a non-wetted superhydrophobic (SHO) surface is experimentally investigated at Re = 9600 (based on channel width) at the region of y+ > 10 within the buffer and logarithmic layers. The SHO surface has a random pattern produced by spray coating and is compared with a wetted counterpart and also a smooth surface. Two planar particle image velocimetry measurements are carried out in the streamwise/spanwise and streamwise/wall-normal planes. The vector fields are obtained from both ensemble averaging and individual cross-correlations of double-frame images. The results showed a small increase (∼5%) of the mean velocity profile at y+ = 10 over the non-wetted surface in comparison with the wetted and the smooth surfaces. Up to 15% reduction of normal and shear Reynolds stresses is observed in the inner layer over the non-wetted SHO surface. The wetted SHO counterpart demonstrates no effect on the mean velocity and Reynolds stresses in comparison with the smooth surface. The result confirms the comment of Gad-el-Hak [“Experimental study of skin friction drag reduction on superhydrophobic flat plates in high Reynolds number boundary layer flow,” Phys. Fluids 25, 025103 (2013)] that the wetted SHO is hydrodynamically smooth if the surface pores are smaller than the viscous sublayer thickness. A noticeable suppression of the sweep and ejection events, increase of the spanwise spacing of the low and high speed streaks, and attenuation of vortical structures are observed over the non-wetted SHO. These indicate attenuation of the turbulence regeneration cycle due to the slip boundary condition over the non-wetted SHO surfaces with random texture.
The role of defects in lowering the effective polariton temperature in electric and optically pumped polariton lasers
Authors: Baten Md Zunaid , Bhattacharya Aniruddha , Frost Thomas , Iorsh Ivan , Kavokin Alexey , Bhattacharya Pallab
Published: January 2016

The role of dislocations and defects in the material constituting the active region of an exciton-polariton laser has been examined and elucidated in the context of dynamic condensation and the temperature of the lower polariton condensate, TLP. For a GaN microcavity diode polariton laser operated at room temperature and characterized in this study, the value of TLP obtained from analysis of measured occupation in momentum space is 270 K, which is lower than the lattice temperature. Similar results from other room temperature GaN devices and GaAs-based polariton lasers operated at cryogenic temperatures are presented and discussed.
Pinhole formation from liquid metal microdroplets impact on solid surfaces
Authors: Yi Hao , Qi Le-hua , Luo Jun , Jiang Yuanyuan , Deng Weiwei
Published: January 2016

The impact of molten metal droplets on solid substrates may entrap gas to form pinholes. This letter shows that the detailed pinhole structure is more sophisticated than expected: the void is toroid, which is a result of rapid contact line retraction and subsequent phase change. The substrate surface roughness affects the pinhole size by providing leaky channels that weaken gas pressure buildup. When the droplet diameter is sufficiently large, Kevin-Helmholtz instability may be triggered to form multiple pinholes.
Free-standing membrane polymer laser on the end of an optical fiber
Authors: Zhai Tianrui , Chen Li , Li Songtao , Hu Yujie , Wang Yimeng , Wang Li , Zhang Xinping
Published: January 2016

One- and two-dimensional distributed feedback cavities were constructed on free-standing polymer membranes using spin-coating and lift-off techniques. Low threshold lasing was generated through feedback amplification when the 290-nm membrane device was optically pumped, which was attributed to the strong confinement mechanism provided by the active waveguide layer without a substrate. The free-standing membrane polymer laser is flexible and can be transplanted. Single- and dual-wavelength fiber lasers were achieved by directly attaching the membrane polymer laser on the optical fiber end face. This technique provides potential to fabricate polymer lasers on surfaces with arbitrary shapes.
Electrical field control of non-volatile 90° magnetization switching in epitaxial FeSi films on (001) 0.7[Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3]-0.3[PbTi0.3O3]
Authors: Guo Xiaobin , Zuo Yalu , Li Dong , Cui Baoshan , Wu Kai , Yun Jijun , Wang Tao , Xi Li
Published: January 2016

The epitaxial FeSi thin films on (001) 0.7[Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3]-0.3[PbTi0.3O3] (PMN-0.3PT) substrates were fabricated by radio frequency magnetron sputtering. The observed asymmetric strain-electric field curve suggests a tensile strain switching between two perpendicular directions in PMN-0.3PT with the variation of polarity of electric fields. A simple theoretical simulation of the free energy landscape shows that the stable magnetization easy axis (MEA) of FeSi with the inherent cubic magnetocrystalline anisotropy depends on the strength and direction of an extra strain induced uniaxial anisotropy. A reversible and non-volatile 90° switching of MEA by ±6 kV/cm pulses was confirmed by the angular dependence of remanent magnetization and Kerr hysteresis loops in Ta/FeSi/PMN-0.3PT/Pt heterostructures.
Biologic-free mechanically induced muscle regeneration
Authors: Cezar Christine A. , Roche Ellen T. , Vandenburgh Herman H. , Duda Georg N. , Walsh Conor J. , Mooney David J.
Published: January 2016

Significance

Much progress has been made toward the development of drug and cell therapies for the treatment of severely injured skeletal muscle, although reliable clinical therapies still do not exist. In contrast, this work demonstrates that biphasic ferrogels with a capacity for large, fatigue-resistant deformations can be used to mechanically stimulate and regenerate injured muscle tissue without the use of growth factors or cells. These biologic-free scaffolds exhibit a potential immunomodulatory role when stimulated and could potentially translate rapidly to the clinic. The therapeutic use of direct mechanical stimulation of injured tissues via externally actuated biomaterials could establish a new paradigm for regenerative medicine broadly.