bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Systematic reappraisal of the anti-equatorial fish genus Microcanthus Swainson (Teleostei: Microcanthidae), with redescription and resurrection of Microcanthus joyceae Whitley
Authors: TEA YI-KAI , GILL ANTHONY C.
Published: June 2020

The taxonomy and classification of the microcanthid fish genus Microcanthus Swainson has been a subject of contention dating back to the 19th century. Its allopatric, disjunct anti-equatorial distribution across the Indo-West Pacific has resulted in the recognition of several nominal taxa, though these have been widely regarded as synonyms of Microcanthus strigatus (Cuvier). Following the results published in a companion study elsewhere by the authors, the taxonomy of Microcanthus and the validity of these nominal synonyms are herewith revised. Microcanthus strigatus is redescribed on the basis of 66 specimens from East Asia, Hawaii and Western Australia, and M. joyceae is resurrected and redescribed on the basis of 25 specimens from eastern Australia and the southwest Pacific. Microcanthus differs from other microcanthid genera in having the following combination of characters: dorsal-fin rays XI,15–17 (usually XI,16); anal-fin rays III,13–15 (usually III,14); pectoral-fin rays 15–17 (usually 16); scales ctenoid with ctenial bases present; lateral-line scales partially or heavily obscured by adjacent scales; and body pale in preservation with five horizontal dark stripes reaching the posterior edges of dorsal and anal fins, and base of caudal fin. The review is accompanied by a key to the genera of Microcanthidae.
Level of knowledge, attitudes and interest of Turkish high school students towards cancer
Authors: Yildirim Usta Ilgin , Ateskan Armagan
Published: June 2020

Objective:

This study investigated Turkish high school students’ knowledge about risk factors for cancer, their interest in the disease, and their affective and behavioural attitudes towards it.

Design:

Quantitative survey.

Setting:

Data collection took place in three private schools in Central Turkey and one private school in Eastern Turkey.

Method:

Students ( N = 275; 56% female students, 44% male students) completed a paper-and-pencil questionnaire and described their level of knowledge regarding cancer risk factors, as well as their attitudes and interest in the disease. For data analysis, the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, v.24.0) was used.

Results:

Results indicated that most students succeeded in identifying nearly all carcinogenic (except for overweight) and non-carcinogenic risk factors. In addition, while most participants held negative attitudes towards cancer, they typically did not exhibit cancer protective behaviours, and most participants were not interested in cancer as a topic.

Conclusion:

Exploring high school students’ levels of knowledge, attitudes and interests in regard to cancer may provide curriculum developers with information that enables the development of effective cancer education for Turkish high school students.
Effect of sol–gel synthesized Al0.1Zr0.9O1.95 nanoparticles and PVP on PVDF-based separators in lithium-ion battery performance: The RSM study
Authors: Zonouz Abolfazl Fathollahi , Ashrafi Mahdi , Ghiyasiyan-Arani Maryam , Hamadanian Masood
Published: June 2020

In this study, the simultaneous effects of Al0.1Zr0.9O1.95 nanoparticles (NPs) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) on the ion-conductivity of poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)-based separator were investigated. The ion-conductivity of PVDF/PVP/Al0.1Zr0.9O1.95 was optimized by using response surface methodology combined with central composite design. The Al0.1Zr0.9O1.95 as a nanofiller was synthesized by the sol–gel auto-combustion method. The PVDF/PVP/Al0.1Zr0.9O1.95 separators were prepared by phase inversion method. The properties and structure of optimal separator were compared with pure PVDF as a reference. The ion-conductivity of optimal separator has increased by 30.73% related to pure PVDF separator. The porosity and electrolyte uptakes of optimal separator were increased from 41% to 57% and from 246% to 384%, respectively, compared to the pure PVDF separator. Moreover, the optimal separator has a better anti-thermal shrinkage than pure PVDF separator over a wide temperature range. It is found that optimal separator (4.6 V) has a higher electrochemical stability window than pure PVDF separator (3.75 V). Also, compared with the pure PVDF separator, the optimal separator has a better discharge capacity. NPs were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive spectroscopy. The separators were investigated by XRD, surface and cross-section SEM, atomic force microscopy, and water contact angle.
Stability analysis of hyperbolic coal pillars with peeling and high temperature effects
Authors: Xu Youyou , Li Huaizhan , Guo Guangli , Liu Xiaopeng
Published: June 2020

In this present study, a twice-peeling model was established to analyze the hyperbolic coal pillars stability in underground coal gasification and then propose the concept of stripping degree to show model details for numerical simulation. The data shows that hyperbolic coal pillars stability can be analyzed through the twice-peeling model. Considering the coal pillars peeling and high temperature effects, one side of coal pillars will decrease 3 m, and the stability coefficient is 1.6 which has enough bearing capacity. When the arch depth ratio is 0.6, the critical condition for the coal pillar instability is reached. In this paper, underground coal gasification industrial test area still had strong bearing capacity after twice stripping, and there was no sudden instability. The research results can provide reference for the gasifier design and the stability of non-uniform coal pillars in the future.
Towards a Processual Understanding of Task Complexity: Constructing task complexity in practice
Authors: Danner-Schröder Anja , Ostermann Simone M.
Published: June 2020

This study uses a process perspective to examine the construction of task complexity as a social practice that is continuously created and recreated. For this approach, we conducted an ethnographic case study of an intensive care unit in a large university hospital. By shifting the analytical focus from measuring task complexity to task complexity as a social practice, our research provides insight into the microprocesses involved in constructing task complexity. This paper stresses the importance of a processual view of task complexity by analysing how paths form, keep open, are enacted in parallel and eventually dissolve. We conclude with a process model of how task complexity is constructed. Our findings contribute to research on task complexity by (1) elaborating on the process of enacting task complexity in practice, (2) explaining the mechanisms driving the dynamics of task complexity and (3) stressing the dynamics of task complexity.
Tumor necrosis factor ligand-related molecule 1A affects the intestinal mucosal barrier function by promoting Th9/interleukin-9 expression
Authors: Zhao Caihong , Wang Dong , Wu Mengyao , Luo Yuxin , Yang Mingyue , Guo Jinbo , Zhang Hong , Zhang Xiaolan
Published: June 2020

Objectives

To investigate the effect of tumor necrosis factor ligand-related molecule 1A (TL1A) on the intestinal mucosal barrier in mice with chronic colitis.

Methods

Male TL1A-overexpressing transgenic mice and male C57BL/6 wild-type mice were used to establish a dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis model. The expression of occludin and claudin-1 was observed. Bacterial distribution in the intestinal mucosa and Th9/interleukin (IL)-9 expression were detected. In vitro co-culture systems of naive CD4+ T cells and Caco-2 cells were established and TL1A was added. Changes in transepithelial electrical resistance and IL-9 expression were measured. CD4+IL-9 cells were detected by flow cytometry.

Results

DSS mice showed a significant down-regulation of occludin and claudin-1 compared with controls. Expression levels of occludin, zonulin-1, and claudin-1 in the Caco-2+TGF-β+IL-4+TL1A group were significantly lower than in the Caco-2+TGF-β+IL-4 group. Bacterial distribution was clearly disordered in the DSS group. Transmembrane resistance of the Caco-2+TGF-β+IL-4+TL1A group was significantly lower and IL-9 expression significantly higher than in the Caco-2+TGF-β+IL-4 group.

Conclusions

TL1A overexpression promotes destruction of the intestinal mucosal barrier in mice with chronic colitis. The underlying mechanism may be associated with the promoting role of TL1A in Th9/IL-9 expression, which further destroys the mucosal barrier.
Behavior notwithstanding: Person perception and news photographs of the two leading candidates in the 2016 presidential election
Authors: Dahmen Nicole Smith
Published: June 2020

Applying person perception theory, this research uses quantitative content analysis to analyze 1,183 newspaper photographs of the two leading candidates from the 2016 presidential election. Study findings show that there were statistically significant differences in the photographic presentations of Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump in the 2016 election, with Clinton pictured more favorably than Trump.
Toxicity of bean cooking media containing EDTA in mice
Authors: El-Naggar Sabry Ali , El-Said Karim Samy , Elwan Mona , Mobasher Maysa , Mansour Fotouh , Elbakry Mohamed , Kabil Doaa Ibrahim
Published: June 2020

The possible renal and hepatic toxicities of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) in bean cooking media were studied using 100 male albino mice. Two sublethal doses of EDTA were used to explore their toxic effects; 20 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg, which corresponded to 1/100th and 1/10th of LD50, respectively. Accordingly, the toxicity study was performed using 50 mice, divided into five groups ( n = 10/group) as follows: group 1 (Gp1) served as a negative control and was orally administered normal saline; group 2 (Gp2) was administered the bean cooking medium; group 3 (Gp3) was administered EDTA (200 mg/kg); group 4 (Gp4) was administered bean cooking medium containing 20 mg/kg of EDTA; and group 5 (Gp5) was administered bean cooking medium containing 200 mg/kg of EDTA. The results showed no significant changes in liver and kidney functions in Gp2 while Gp3, Gp4, and Gp5 exhibited significant increases in adverse liver and kidney function markers. Hematocrit values were significantly decreased in Gp3 and Gp5, while the total white blood cells counts were significantly decreased in Gp3 and significantly increased in Gp5. The number of platelets was decreased in Gp3, Gp4, and Gp5. The blood levels of sodium (Na+), iron (Fe2+), and calcium (Ca2+) were decreased in Gp3, Gp4, and Gp5 due to the chelating effects of EDTA. The hepatic and renal architectures were disorganized in Gp3, Gp4, and Gp5 with some hemorrhagic manifestations in livers and kidneys of mice. These results demonstrate that EDTA in bean cooking is harmful in mice under the conditions of this study, and the potentially harmful effects in humans supports restricting its use.
Mind, Mood, Mobility: Supporting Independence Among Rural Older Adults at Risk for Functional Decline
Authors: Kennedy Meaghan A. , Pepin Renee , Stevens Courtney J. , Bartels Stephen J. , Batsis John A. , Beyea Annette , Bruce Martha L. , Eckhaus Jeremiah M. , Korsen Neil , Pidgeon Dawna M. , Powell Kenton E. , Reynolds Charles F. , LaMantia Michael A.
Published: June 2020

Rural communities need access to effective interventions that can prevent functional decline among a growing population of older adults. We describe the conceptual framework and rationale for a multicomponent intervention (“Mind, Mood, Mobility”) delivered by Area Agency on Aging staff for rural older adults at risk for functional decline due to early impairments in cognition, mood, or mobility. Our proposed model utilizes primary care to identify at-risk older adults, combines evidence-based interventions that address multiple risk factors simultaneously, and leverages a community-based aging services workforce for intervention delivery.
Assata’s escape as disincarceral practice
Authors: Tenorio Sam C
Published: June 2020

Often carceral studies tends to focus on the prison as a mode of stationary confinement, sometimes forgetting that its rationales and practices are based crucially in movement. This is especially true for black populations disproportionately affected by mass incarceration and intentionally disoriented to the causes and manifestations of the oscillation to which they are reduced. This article is concerned with the carceral landscape that emerges in the criminalization of black people and politics through the legal concept of vagrancy, and how, in turn, black surreptitious movement is used to contest incarceration. To do so, it argues that vagrancy paraphrases a suppression of black political practice, focusing on political prisoner Assata Shakur’s transnational escape to Cuba and its discursive omission in her autobiography. In tracing the transience of Shakur, the article forwards vagrancy as an elaboration of how anti-blackness materializes via carceral geographies by way of displacement, disorientation, and forced movement. It presents a reformulation of Shakur’s escape as disincarceration, which takes seriously the flight toward black liberation as one that is still meaningfully incomplete, elaborating the significance of a continual absconding from the field of representation that has been controlled and constituted by discursive and material hegemonies of race.
Polyimide fabric-reinforced polyimide matrix composites with excellent thermal, mechanical, and dielectric properties
Authors: Pan Zonghu , Han Shuhao , Wang Jianhua , Qi Shengli , Tian Guofeng , Wu Dezhen
Published: June 2020

Two types of thermosetting polyimide (PI) resin were prepared using a polymerization monomeric reactant method, and high performance PI fabric/PI resin composites were fabricated through a wet infiltration and thermoforming process. The properties of a PI fabric, PI resin, and PI/PI composites were comprehensively analyzed. The experimental results indicate that a resin end-capped with phenylacetylene achieves a better processability and heat resistance. The two composites exhibit excellent thermal, mechanical, and dielectric properties. They achieve a glass transition temperature of higher than 320°C and a 5% weight loss temperature of over 600°C under an air atmosphere. During mechanical testing, an interlaminar shear strength exceeding 35 MPa was achieved, whereas the maximum flexural strength was found to be greater than 400 MPa. Moreover, their dielectric constant at 1 MHz was below 3.4, with a dielectric loss of no more than 0.01.
3D network super-hydrophobic hexafluorbisphenol A poly(aryl ether ketone) membrane prepared by one-step electrospraying
Authors: Wang Yongpeng , Yan Pengtao , Huo Xintong , Liu Mengzhu , Zhang Haibo , Jiang Zhenhua
Published: June 2020

Novel super-hydrophobic poly(aryl ether ketone) (PAEK) membranes have been firstly prepared by modifying ordinary PAEK into hexafluorbisphenol A-PAEK through traditional nucleophilic condensation polymerization and subsequently simple electrospraying technique. With the solution concentration increased, the micromorphology exhibited nanofibers, nanofiber with spindles, 3D network with microspheres embedded, microspheres and dense films, successively. The static water contact angle increased from 99° to 155°, while the sliding angle from 1.3° to 6.8° (±1°), in which the 3D network presented the strongest super-hydrophobicity. After 200 h of water flushing, the rough surface structure and super-hydrophobicity of the membranes were well retained. Moreover, the membrane exhibited wonderful self-cleaning property, oil/water separation property, and stability due to the hierarchical micro/nanostructures. This work provides a new route for the creation of super-hydrophobic high performance engineering plastic fabrics with the potential values in large-scale application of filtration, oil/water separation, and antifouling.
Concerns of Parental HIV Disclosure in China
Authors: Sun Meiyan , Chen Wei-Ti , Yang Joyce P. , Huang Shuyuan , Zhang Lin , Shi Mingfeng , Li Wei , Li Ye , Bao Meijuan , Lu Hongzhou
Published: June 2020

Although parental HIV disclosure has benefits for parents and children, the disclosure rate among parents remains low. This study aims to qualitatively examine parental concerns regarding disclosure of their HIV status to their children. Eighty parents were enrolled in a randomized controlled trial of a three-session disclosure-support intervention, with forty receiving the intervention and forty receiving treatment as usual. Intervention sessions were audio recorded, and transcriptions were qualitatively coded for content related to concerns of disclosure. Four themes emerged: Intention to disclose, disclosure approach, indicators for disclosure, and fears about disclosure. These themes reveal struggles that parents experience when considering HIV disclosure suggesting that an effective disclosure intervention must help parents assess pros and cons, discuss the emotions of the children after the disclosure, and monitor the impact on children’s lives after disclosure over time. Future research is needed to implement interventions supporting HIV-positive parents’ disclosure decision-making and actions.
“Philosophy as a Method”: Tracing the Histories of Intersections of “Philosophy,” “Methodology,” and “Education”
Authors: Tesar Marek
Published: June 2020

This article asks the questions, what is “philosophy as a method?” how can it be conceptualized and what are its genealogies? and what role might it play in the liminal spaces of the intersections of philosophy, methodology, and education? It further aims to perform philosophy as a method through a rereading of the histories of the intersections of philosophy, education, and methodology. In doing so, it also utilizes philosophy as method as a means for undertaking a much-needed critique of the current turns to new ontologies, posthumanism, and new empiricism.
Age Moderates the Association Between Microfinance Membership and Physical Abuse, Relationship Power, and Transactional Sex in Haitian Women
Authors: Luetke Maya , Jules Reginal , Kianersi Sina , Jean-Louis Florence , Rosenberg Molly
Published: June 2020

Microfinance interventions may have differential effects on relationship dynamics among subpopulations of women. We estimated the association between microfinance participation duration and physical abuse, relationship power, and transactional sex in a sample of Haitian women ( n = 304). Furthermore, we tested for moderation by age. In older women, microfinance tended to be associated with reduced risk of violence, low relationship power, and transactional sex. These associations were not observed for younger women. Thus, older Haitian women may benefit from microfinance in ways that younger women do not. Future studies should examine whether additional training and resources could improve outcomes in younger women.
Elastoplastic analysis in functionally graded thick-walled rotating transversely isotropic cylinder under a radial temperature gradient and uniform pressure
Authors: Temesgen AG , Singh SB , Pankaj T
Published: June 2020

In this research paper, an analytical solution with numerical illustration is presented for elastoplastic analysis in a functionally graded thick-walled rotating transversely isotropic cylinder under a radial temperature gradient and uniform pressure using the transition theory of Seth and generalized strain measure theory. The theory of Seth requires no assumptions, such as infinitesimally small deformation or material incompressibility, or a yield criterion, and is important in determining elastoplastic transitional stresses and fully plastic stresses on the basis of Lebesgue strain measure. The combined impacts of an inhomogeneity parameter, uniform pressure, temperature, and angular speed are discussed numerically and shown graphically. It is concluded that a functionally graded thick-walled rotating cylinder made of steel subjected to a radial temperature gradient and uniform pressure is on safer than a cylinder made of titanium, owing to the percentage increase in pressure. This, in turn, brings to the concept of “stress saving,” which reduces the potential for thick-walled cylinder failure. The fully plastic circumferential stress with the application of thermal effects in a functionally graded cylinder is greater than that at room temperature on the inner surface, whereas fully plastic circumferential and radial stresses for a homogeneous cylinder are independent of thermal effects.
“Arcus retinalis”: A novel clinical marker of sub-internal limiting membrane hemorrhage
Authors: Kumar Vinod , Goel Neha
Published: June 2020

Introduction:

Preretinal hemorrhages can be located in subhyaloid or sub-internal limiting membrane (ILM) space. Though optical coherence tomography (OCT) may help to distinguish the exact location of hemorrhage in selected cases, it is often difficult to discern clinically. The purpose is to describe a novel clinical sign named “arcus retinalis” as a clinical marker of sub-ILM hemorrhage.

Methods:

Retrospective observational case series. Ophthalmic records of 31 eyes with sub-ILM hemorrhage were analyzed. The sub-ILM nature of the hemorrhage was confirmed either by the presence of two distinct layers (ILM and posterior hyaloid) on OCT or on intraoperative sub-ILM localization of the hemorrhage during vitrectomy.

Results:

15 out of 31 eyes with sub-ILM hemorrhage demonstrated a retinal yellowish-white arc corresponding to the outer margin of the sub-ILM hemorrhage. A complete circle was not seen in most of the cases. This arc corresponded to a vertical peg-like structure in the outer retina on OCT and had a tendency to fade away over months. In 10 eyes, it was visible at presentation and in five eyes it could only be seen after clearing of the hemorrhage.

Conclusion:

Retinal yellowish-white arc (“arcus retinalis”) is a useful clinical marker of sub-ILM hemorrhage with distinct OCT features that tends to disappear with time.
An anomalous foveal OCT-sign after posterior capsule rupture in cataract surgery: Complicated cataract surgery maculopathy
Authors: Talli Pietro Maria , Pedrotti Emilio , Sacconi Riccardo , Monterosso Cristina , Caretti Luigi
Published: June 2020

Purpose:

To report a series of novel optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) foveal abnormalities, that we called “T-sign,” that were noticed after a complicated cataract surgery with posterior capsule rupture and vitreous loss.

Methods:

Retrospective case series of persistent foveal changes that incurred after anteroposterior vitreo-foveal traction secondary to phacoemulsification in presence of posterior capsule rupture.

Results:

The study included three eyes of three patients that incurred in complicated cataract surgery and intraoperative vitreo-foveal traction. During 8-month follow-up period peculiar abnormalities in fundus examination and in OCT scans were reported in all cases.

Conclusion:

Phacoemulsification in presence of posterior capsule rupture could induce a vitreo-foveal strain that could be transmitted to the cone outer segment tips (COST line) and inner–outer segment (IS/OS) junction. This focal stress is liable for “T-sign,” a persistent SD-OCT abnormality that induce a visual impairment and a slight metamorphopsia in the fixation point.

Summary statement

All over the world, more than 9.5 million cataract surgeries are completed each year.1 During surgery, many intraoperative complications could occur, and capsule rupture with vitreous loss is a frequent event. Phacoemulsification in presence of a wide posterior capsule rupture and vitreo-macular adhesion could induce a typical modification of the foveal structure and a permanent visual impairment.
Soil and Human Health: Current Status and Future Needs
Authors: Brevik Eric C , Slaughter Lindsey , Singh Bal Ram , Steffan Joshua J , Collier David , Barnhart Paul , Pereira Paulo
Published: June 2020

Soil influences human health in a variety of ways, with human health being linked to the health of the soil. Historically, emphasis has been placed on the negative impacts that soils have on human health, including exposures to toxins and pathogenic organisms or the problems created by growing crops in nutrient-deficient soils. However, there are a number of positive ways that soils enhance human health, from food production and nutrient supply to the supply of medications and enhancement of the immune system. It is increasingly recognized that the soil is an ecosystem with a myriad of interconnected parts, each influencing the other, and when all necessary parts are present and functioning (ie, the soil is healthy), human health also benefits. Despite the advances that have been made, there are still many areas that need additional investigation. We do not have a good understanding of how chemical mixtures in the environment influence human health, and chemical mixtures in soil are the rule, not the exception. We also have sparse information on how most chemicals react within the chemically and biologically active soil ecosystem, and what those reactions mean for human health. There is a need to better integrate soil ecology and agronomic crop production with human health, food/nutrition science, and genetics to enhance bacterial and fungal sequencing capabilities, metagenomics, and the subsequent analysis and interpretation. While considerable work has focused on soil microbiology, the macroorganisms have received much less attention regarding links to human health and need considerable attention. Finally, there is a pressing need to effectively communicate soil and human health connections to our broader society, as people cannot act on information they do not have. Multidisciplinary teams of researchers, including scientists, social scientists, and others, will be essential to move all these issues forward.
Vietnam Climate Change and Health Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessment, 2018
Authors: Tuyet Hanh Tran Thi , Huong Le Thi Thanh , Huong Nguyen Thi Lien , Linh Tran Nu Quy , Quyen Nguyen Huu , Nhung Nguyen Thi Trang , Ebi Kristie , Cuong Nguyen Dinh , Van Nhu Ha , Kien Tran Mai , Hales Simon , Cuong Do Manh , Tho Nguyen Thi Thi , Toan Luu Quoc , Bich Nguyen Ngoc , Van Minh Hoang
Published: June 2020

Background:

The Global Climate Risk Index 2020 ranked Vietnam as the sixth country in the world most affected by climate variability and extreme weather events over the period 1999-2018. Sea level rise and extreme weather events are projected to be more severe in coming decades, which, without additional action, will increase the number of people at risk of climate-sensitive diseases, challenging the health system. This article summaries the results of a health vulnerability and adaptation (V&A) assessment conducted in Vietnam as evidences for development of the National Climate Change Health Adaptation Plan to 2030.

Methods:

The assessment followed the first 4 steps outlined in the World Health Organization’s Guidelines in conducting “Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessments.” A framework and list of indicators were developed for semi-quantitative assessment for the period 2013 to 2017. Three sets of indicators were selected to assess the level of (1) exposure to climate change and extreme weather events, (2) health sensitivity, and (3) adaptation capacity. The indicators were rated and analyzed using a scoring system from 1 to 5.

Results:

The results showed that climate-sensitive diseases were common, including dengue fever, diarrheal, influenza, etc, with large burdens of disease that are projected to increase. From 2013 to 2017, the level of “exposure” to climate change–related hazards of the health sector was “high” to “very high,” with an average score from 3.5 to 4.4 (out of 5.0). For “health sensitivity,” the scores decreased from 3.8 in 2013 to 3.5 in 2017, making the overall rating as “high.” For “adaptive capacity,” the scores were from 4.0 to 4.1, which meant adaptive capacity was “very low.” The overall V&A rating in 2013 was “very high risk” (score 4.1) and “high risk” with scores of 3.8 in 2014 and 3.7 in 2015 to 2017.

Conclusions:

Adaptation actions of the health sector are urgently needed to reduce the vulnerability to climate change in coming decades. Eight adaptation solutions, among recommendations of V&A assessment, were adopted in the National Health Climate Change Adaptation Plan.
Shoulder Double Crush Syndrome: A Retrospective Study of Patients With Concomitant Suprascapular Neuropathy and Cervical Radiculopathy
Authors: Katsuura Yoshihiro , Yao Katherine , Chang Eric , Kadrie Tareck A , Dorizas John A
Published: June 2020

Purpose:

While the double crush phenomena (compression along two points on a nerve) has been established between median neuropathy and cervical radiculopathy, combined suprascapular neuropathy (SSN) and cervical C5/C6 radiculopathy—so-called shoulder double crush syndrome—has not been well examined. We aim to identify the incidence of shoulder double crush syndrome in patients undergoing arthroscopic suprascapular nerve release for SSN.

Methods:

One hundred consecutive patients >18 years of age who were positive for SSN on electromyography and motor nerve conduction studies (EMG/NCS) and underwent a suprascapular nerve release were included. Patients with evidence of shoulder double crush syndrome were identified based on x ray, cervical spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and examination findings. Demographics, electrodiagnostics results, treatment courses, and clinical outcomes (visual analog scores and rotator cuff strength) following arthroscopic suprascapular nerve release were compared between patients with double crush syndrome versus isolated SSN.

Results:

Thirty one percent of patients had evidence of shoulder crush syndrome. Two significant electrophysiologic differences were noted in shoulder double crush patients compared to isolated SSN patients. Patients with double crush had an increased incidence of median neuropathy (51% vs 30%, P = .04). Double crush patients had less supraspinatus motor amplitude difference between the affected side and non-affected side compared to isolated SSN patients (2.62 mV vs 3.44 mV, P = .03). In general, most double crush patients were treated conservatively with regard to their cervical spine pathology.

Conclusion:

A significant percentage of patients with SSN have evidence of shoulder double crush syndrome. Patients with SSN and concomitant median neuropathy should have a detailed neck examination performed.
Keeping the euro at any cost? Explaining attitudes toward the euro-austerity trade-off in Greece
Authors: Jurado Ignacio , Walter Stefanie , Konstantinidis Nikitas , Dinas Elias
Published: June 2020

Despite years of crisis, the euro has enjoyed strong popular support across the Eurozone periphery. In light of the high costs of internal devaluation strategies, this begs the question why the public has remained in favor of the common currency. In this article, we propose a theoretical mechanism that accounts for both voters’ pocketbook preferences and their sociotropic assessments over the noisy trade-offs associated with the outcomes of euro membership and euro exit. Using original survey data from three consecutive survey waves in Greece (conducted in July, September, and December 2015, respectively), we analyze the attitudes of Greek voters toward the euro in an environment of acute uncertainty, austerity, high unemployment, and economic recession. First, we juxtapose our uncertainty mechanism of popular euro attitudes against other explanations put forward in the literature and find strong support for our argument. Second, we conduct a survey experiment to tap into attitudes toward the euro-austerity trade-off and find that as uncertainty over policy outcomes diminishes, framing effects abate in significance, especially among those who voted No in the July 2015 referendum. Finally, we derive distinct sets of euro preferences for different ‘vulnerability profiles’. Over time, as the trade-offs of euro membership become more pronounced, we find a marked fall in euro support between July and December 2015.
Growing pains: Paradoxical tensions and vicious cycles in new venture growth
Authors: Es-Sajjade Abdelghani , Pandza Krsto , Volberda Henk
Published: June 2020

In this article, we explore how paradoxical tensions related to exploration–exploitation dynamics may shape vicious cycles in high-growth ventures. Based on an inductive, interpretive case study at a telecommunications firm in the United Kingdom, we identify a set of drivers through which vicious cycles may emerge and persist over time. While some drivers are associated with originating the vicious cycle (cycle originators), others are associated with sustaining it (cycle perpetuators). Cycle originators identified in the study include tradeoff cognition, structural separation, and a structural leadership void. Cycle perpetuators include intergroup tensions, ineffectual integration, and a temporal leadership void. We show how the interplay between these drivers in a self-reinforcing process culminates in the escalation of tensions and a political turnover (cycle climax). In the field study, we observe the operation of this pattern over two full cycles. Based on the findings, we develop a framework relating paradoxical tensions to vicious cycles in new venture growth. We conclude by challenging traditional stage-based conceptualizations of new venture growth, and by discussing the implications of our study for research on the linkages between organizational paradox, ambidexterity, and venture growth theory.
Endograft Conformability in Fenestrated Endovascular Aneurysm Repair for Complex Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms
Authors: de Niet Arne , Donselaar Esmé J. , Holewijn Suzanne , Tielliu Ignace F. J. , Lardenoije Jan Willem H. P. , Zeebregts Clark J. , Reijnen Michel M. P. J.
Published: June 2020

Purpose: To compare the impact of 2 commercially available custom-made fenestrated endografts on patient anatomy. Materials and Methods: The records of 234 patients who underwent fenestrated endovascular aneurysm repair for abdominal aortic aneurysm from March 2002 to July 2016 in 2 hospitals were screened to identify those who had pre- and postoperative computed tomography angiography assessments with a slice thickness of ≤2 mm. The search identified 145 patients for further analysis: 110 patients (mean age 72.4±7.1 years; 94 men) who had been treated with the Zenith Fenestrated (ZF) endograft and 35 patients (mean age 72.3±7.3 years; 30 men) treated with the Fenestrated Anaconda (FA) endograft. Measurements included aortic diameters at the level of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and renal arteries, target vessel angles, target vessel clock positions, and the target vessel tortuosity index. Variables were tested for inter- and intraobserver agreement. Results: There was a good agreement between observers in all tested variables. The native anatomy changed in both groups after endograft implantation. In the ZF group, changes were seen in the angles of the celiac artery (p=0.012), SMA (p=0.022), left renal artery (LRA) (p<0.001), and the right renal artery (RRA) (p<0.001); the aortic diameter at the SMA level (p<0.001); and the LRA (p<0.001) and RRA (p<0.001) clock positions. In the FA group, changes were seen in the angles of the LRA (p=0.001) and RRA (p<0.001) and in the SMA tortuosity index (p=0.044). Between group differences in changes were seen for the aortic diameters at the SMA and renal artery levels (p<0.001 for both) and the LRA clock position (p=0.019). Conclusion: Both custom-made fenestrated endografts altered vascular anatomy. The data suggest a higher conformability of the Fenestrated Anaconda endograft compared with the Zenith Fenestrated.
A Clustered Randomized Trial Informing Patients on Dialysis About Their Ability to Donate Organs and Tissues
Authors: Andrews Ann M. , Zhang Nanhua , Smith Allyce Haney , Loughery Caitlin , Resnicow Ken , Chapman Remonia , Jenkins Riley Holly , Stav Sheri , Yee Jerry
Published: June 2020

Introduction:

The transplant waiting list exceeds the number of organs available. One means of increasing the organ pool is to broaden potential donors to include those with chronic diseases.

Research Questions:

The study tested the effectiveness of using peer mentors to encourage individuals on dialysis to enroll on an organ donor registry.

Design:

Dialysis units were pair-matched by size and racial composition and then randomized to one of 2 interventions: meetings with a peer mentor (experimental intervention) or organ donation mailings (control). Peer mentors were trained to discuss organ donation with individuals on dialysis during in-person meetings at dialysis units. The primary outcome was verified registration in the state’s donor registry.

Results:

After adjusting for age, gender, race, income, and education and accounting for correlation within the dialysis center, there was a significant intervention effect. Among individuals in the intervention group, the odds of enrolling (verified) on the donor registry were 2.52 times higher than those in the control group.

Discussion:

The use of peer mentors to discuss donating organs after death with individuals on dialysis can increase enrollment on a donor registry. Dispelling myths about chronic illness and donation can counter widely held misconceptions and help persons make an informed choice about end-of-life decisions and present an opportunity to increase the number of organs and tissues available for transplant.
Morphological and visual cues in compound word reading: Eye-tracking evidence from Hebrew
Authors: Kuperman Victor , Deutsch Avital
Published: June 2020

Hebrew noun–noun compounds offer a valuable opportunity to study the long-standing question of how morphologically complex words are processed during reading. Specifically, in some morpho-syntactic environments, the first (head) noun of a compound carries a suffix—a clear orthographic marker of being part of a compound—whereas in others it is homographic with a stand-alone noun. In addition to this morphological cue, Hebrew occasionally employs hyphenation as a visual signal that two nouns, which are typically separated by a space, are combined in a compound. In a factorial design, we orthogonally manipulated the morphological and the visual cues and recorded eye movements of 75 proficient Hebrew readers while they read sentences with embedded compounds. The effect of hyphenation on reading times was inhibitory. This slow-down was significantly weaker in compounds where the syntactic relation between constituents was overtly marked by a suffix compared with compounds without a morphological marker. We interpret these findings as evidence that hyphenation is largely a redundant cue but morphological markers of compounding are psychologically valid cues for semantic integration of compounds. We discuss the implications of this finding for accounts of morphological processing.
Choices in a key press decision-making task are more optimal after gaining both aiming and reward experience
Authors: Manzone Joseph X , Taravati Saba , Neyedli Heather F , Welsh Timothy N
Published: June 2020

When presented with two different target–penalty configurations of similar maximum expected gain (MEG), participants prefer aiming to configurations with more advantageous spatial, rather than more advantageous gain parameters—perhaps due to the motor system’s inherent prioritisation of spatial information during movements with high accuracy demands such as aiming. To test this hypothesis, participants in the present studies chose between target–penalty configurations via key presses to reduce the importance of spatial parameters of the response and performance-related feedback. Configurations varied in spatial (target–penalty region overlap) and gain parameters (negative penalty values) and could have similar or different MEG. Choices were made without prior aiming experience (Experiment 1), after aiming experience provided information of movement variability (Experiment 2), or after aiming experience provided information of movement variability and outcome feedback (Experiment 3). Overall, configurations with advantageous spatial or gain parameters were chosen equally (Both-Similar condition) in all experiments. However, average behaviour at the group level was not reflective of the behaviour of most individual participants with three subgroups emerging: those with a value preference, distance preference, or no preference. In Experiments 1 and 2, these individual differences cannot be explained by MEG differences between configurations or participants’ movement variability, but these variables predicted choice behaviour in Experiment 3. Further in the Both-Different condition, participants only selected the larger MEG configuration at a level above chance when both variability and outcome information were given prior to the key press task (Experiment 3). In sum, the data indicate that prioritisation of spatial information did not emerge at the group level when performing key presses and more optimal behaviour emerged when information regarding movement variability and outcome feedback were given.
Detonation initiation by shock focusing at elevated pressure conditions in a pulse detonation combustor
Authors: Habicht Fabian E , Yücel Fatma C , Gray Joshua AT , Paschereit Christian O
Published: June 2020

This work contains experimental investigations on the correlation of the detonation initiation process via a shock-focusing device with various initial pressures and mass flow rates. A pulse detonation combustor is operated with stoichiometric hydrogen--air--oxygen mixtures in single cycle operation. A rotationally symmetric shock-focusing geometry evokes the onset of a detonation by the focusing of the reflected leading shock wave, while a blockage plate at the rear end of the test rig is applied to induce an elevated initial pressure. The results show that the reactivity has a major influence on the success rate of detonation initiation. However, measurements with different blockage plates suggest that the mass flow rate has to be considered as well when predicting the success rate. Three main statements can be drawn from the results. (1) An increase in the mean flow velocity induces higher velocity fluctuations which result in a stronger leading shock ahead of the accelerating deflagration front. (2) An increase in the initial static pressure reduces the critical shock strength that must be exceeded to ensure successful detonation initiation by shock focusing. (3) Since the initial pressure is directly linked to the mass flow rate, these contrary trends can cancel each other out, which could be observed for 40% vol. of oxygen in the oxidizer. High-speed images were taken, which confirm that the detonation is initiated in the center of the converging--diverging nozzle due to focusing of the leading shock.
Emerging and experimental treatments for COVID-19 and drug interactions with psychotropic agents
Authors: Bishara Delia , Kalafatis Chris , Taylor David
Published: June 2020

As yet, no agents have been approved for the treatment of COVID-19, although several experimental drugs are being used off licence. These may have serious adverse effects and potential drug interactions with psychotropic agents. We reviewed the common agents being used across the world for the treatment of COVID-19 and investigated their drug interaction potential with psychotropic agents using several drug interaction databases and resources. A preliminary search identified the following drugs as being used to treat COVID-19 symptoms: atazanavir (ATV), azithromycin (AZI), chloroquine (CLQ)/hydroxychloroquine (HCLQ), dipyridamole, famotidine (FAM), favipiravir, lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r), nitazoxanide, remdesivir, ribavirin and tocilizumab. Many serious adverse effects and potential drug interactions with psychotropic agents were identified. The most problematic agents were found to be ATV, AZI, CLQ, HCLQ, FAM and LPV/r in terms of both pharmacokinetic as well as serious pharmacodynamic drug interactions, including QTc prolongation and neutropenia. Significant caution should be exercised if using any of the medications being trialled for the treatment of COVID-19 until robust clinical trial data are available. An even higher threshold of vigilance should be maintained for patients with pre-existing conditions and older adults due to added toxicity and drug interactions, especially with psychotropic agents.
Ethical research engagement with Indigenous communities
Authors: Bourassa Carrie , Billan Jennifer , Starblanket Danette , Anderson Sadie , Legare Marlin , Hagel Mikayla Caroline , Oakes Nathan , Jardine Mackenzie , Boehme Gail , Dubois Ethel , Spencer Orval , Hotomani Millie , McKenna Betty
Published: June 2020

Introduction

Canada’s colonial policies and practices have led to barriers for Indigenous older adults’ access to healthcare and research. As a result, there is a need for Indigenous-led research and culturally safe practices. Morning Star Lodge is developing a training module to assist AgingTech researchers on ethical, culturally safe ways to engage Indigenous communities. This includes exploring Indigenous health research, community-based partnerships, reciprocal learning, and cultural safety; this is presented through a case study on ethically engaged research.

Methods

Morning Star Lodge developed a research partnership agreement with File Hills Qu’Appelle Tribal Council and established a Community Research Advisory Committee representing the eleven First Nations within the Tribal Council. The work designing the culturally safe training module is in collaboration with the Community Research Advisory Committee.

Results

Building research partnerships and capacities has changed the way the eleven First Nation communities within File Hills Qu’Appelle Tribal Council view research. As a result, they now disseminate the Knowledge within their own networks.

Conclusions

Indigenous Peoples are resilient in ensuring their sustainability and have far more community engagement and direction. Developing culturally safe approaches to care for Indigenous communities leads to self-determined research. Culturally safe training modules can be applied to marginalized demographics.
Renal cell carcinoma associated with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Xie Xi , Wang Ning , Xiang Jingjing , He Huadong , Wang Xuliang , Wang Yuyong
Published: June 2020

We presented the clinical data of one patient with renal cell carcinoma associated with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in this case report. We reported a 56-year-old man who presented with petechiae and ecchymoses. Laboratory studies showed the platelet count of 2 × 109/L and an abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan revealed tumors in the right renal. There were purpura on the legs and cough without abdominal pain and melena at this time. Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura was diagnosed according to the clinical symptoms and laboratory test. The patient received radical nephrectomy for renal carcinoma, and his idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura was cured after the surgery. Pathological biopsy confirmed it was renal clear cell carcinoma. The patient has been followed up for more than 3 months after surgery, and the ecchymoses had not been recurred and the patient’s thrombocytopenia was recovered. Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura associated with kidney cancer is rare. The patient in this case report was treated with radical nephrectomy, and the effectiveness of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura was satisfactory.