bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emigration and Nineteenth-Century British Colonial Settler Narratives
Authors: Wagner Tamara
Published: September 2023

British colonial settler narratives of the nineteenth century comprise creative prose writing set in settler spaces that were under British rule during this time period. The term chiefly refers to narratives that were written by emigrants and settlers, as well as travelers and returnees. Traditionally, scholarship on British settler colonialism centers on the individual literary histories of Australia, Canada, and New Zealand. Recent research reconsiders emigration and settler writing in the larger context of a global nineteenth century. Thus, comparative studies of the experience and representation of settlement throughout the British Empire have begun to open up new venues to explore settler narratives. Transatlantic and transoceanic approaches have helped to highlight the circulation of cultural formations across the globe at the time. Simultaneously, studies reading settler and metropolitan, or British-based, fiction in tandem have facilitated a new consideration of genre and form, allowing us to recognize the hitherto underestimated contribution of British settler narratives to genre developments. In addition, important critical work has been done in the areas of gender and domesticity as well as of empire and race, although more research needs to be undertaken on the representation of Indigenous peoples in colonial settler narratives. More recently, ecocriticism has emerged as an illuminating theoretical framework to reinvestigate settler colonialism and the narratives it produced at a time of rapid industrialization and global expansion. While these approaches have brought unexplored aspects of settler narratives to light, renewed attention to often hitherto marginalized works has had an important impact on reconsiderations of the global nineteenth century. British colonial settler narratives provide different perspectives on imperialism, globalization, and the encounter with Indigenous populations. In addition, the gradual expansion of a canon of settler writing provides insight into the experience of women, who often turned to and thereby transformed different genres of writing. Thus the still seldom discussed domestic settler fiction deliberately upends narratives of exploration and adventure. As these contrasting texts exemplify, record, and at times constructively complicate the circulation of literary culture, they prompt us to reexamine how the globe was drastically reshaped through mass emigration and settler cultures that deliberately transformed the environment.
Sublethal Predation
Authors: Lindsay Sara
Published: September 2023

Sublethal predation is distinguished from lethal predation by survival of the prey. Predators may injure or only partially consume prey, and such injury and loss of biomass can influence the condition, behavior, growth, reproduction and ultimate survival of the prey. Sublethal predation is widespread among terrestrial, aquatic, and marine habitats, and the fossil record is replete with examples of trace fossils, scarred appendages, drilled and repaired shells that have been attributed to sublethal predation. Some animals cast off body parts in response to attempted or threatened predation (e.g., lizard tails, crab claws, brittlestar arms), and such autotomy has costs and benefits for individuals and influences ecological interactions. Regeneration, or regrowth of lost tissues, is a common response to injury caused by sublethal predation, autotomy, and other sources, although the ability to regenerate is highly variable across taxa. Considerable research has been focused on understanding the mechanisms and evolution of regeneration and this has been informed by the many reports of regeneration by taxonomically diverse animals as a response to sublethal predation. Sublethal predation has several synonyms. It has been described as grazing, browsing or cropping, especially with reference to plants, but also with reference to marine infauna; as incomplete predation, often in reference to fossils; as partial predation; and as unsuccessful predation. In this bibliography, parasitism is not considered sublethal predation, although some interesting examples of interacting effects of parasitism and sublethal predation will be discussed. Just as predation is a significant selective force, sublethal predation can have profound impacts on the ecology and evolution of organisms. This bibliography will highlight the evolutionary context of sublethal predation, including evidence for sublethal predation in the fossil record, its role in ecological interactions, ways in which environmental factors influence sublethal predation and organisms’ responses to it, and finally, provide an introduction to research on sublethal predation among major taxa that experience it. The works cited were selected to provide examples from multiple perspectives and to highlight both foundational work and more recent investigations.
Navigating missions: experiences from a long-term R&I programme to transform the building sector in Austria
Authors: Rohracher Harald , Ornetzeder Michael
Published: September 2023

Mission-oriented innovation policies are increasingly recognized as an effective strategy for initiating and guiding far-reaching transition processes towards sustainability. In this article, we examine a successful early example of a national mission-oriented research and innovation (R&I) programme (Building of Tomorrow) that has had a significant impact on the building sector in Austria. The objective is to identify the factors and dynamics that contributed to the programme’s success and helped maintain its momentum over a period of more than 20 years. By successively integrating different groups of researchers and practitioners, organizing programme development as an adaptive process of co-production, and regularly ‘reinventing itself’ by shifting focus and guiding ideas, the programme sustained its mission momentum. Several insights from this case study can provide valuable guidance for organizing mission-oriented programmes, particularly by avoiding an exclusive emphasis on ‘mission orientation by design’ at the expense of processes of sense-making, emergence, and reinvention.
Dexamethasone-induced mitochondrial ROS-mediated inhibition of AMPK activity facilitates osteoblast necroptosis
Authors: Shen Yingchao , Jiang Bo , Lu Wei , Luo Bin , Zhou Yuan , Qian Guiying
Published: September 2023

Long-term or high-dose glucocorticoid use can lead to serious orthopedic complications, including femoral head necrosis. Both basic and clinical studies have shown that high doses dexamethasone (Dex) can directly induce osteoblasts death. This study investigated the mechanism underlying Dex induced osteoblast death. In this study, we showed that Dex induces osteoblast necroptosis, rather than apoptosis, through the inhibition of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity. We also demonstrated that inactivation of AMPK-mediated necroptosis is through receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIP3), but not RIP1. Furthermore, we found that Dex-induced necroptosis is dependent on mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) following with directly activation of RIP1 and inactivation of AMPK. These findings provide new insights into the mechanism of Dex-induced osteoblast death and may have implications for the development of new therapies for osteoporosis and other bone-related diseases.
Snakebites epidemiology in Mexico: a 13-year ecological analysis
Authors: Méndez-Molina Ricardo , Villela-Oriza Ailed Karola , Espinosa-Couoh Andrea Ariadne , Huchim-Lara Oswaldo
Published: September 2023

Background

Globally, snakebites have a significant impact on public health and represent substantial costs for health services. Their severity is particularly relevant in developing countries due to the lack of resources and accessibility to health facilities. Additionally, the number of cases may be underestimated, highlighting the urgent need for improved prevention measures.

Methods

An observational ecological study was undertaken using the records identified with X200–X209 codes registered in the Ministry of Health injuries database during 2010–2022. Variables included information related to the patient, the snakebite and the healthcare provided. Statistical analysis was carried out with STATA 16 and Microsoft Excel 2020.

Results

A total of 10 420 snakebites were registered. The average number of cases per year was 788 (IQR 615, 875) and 82.74% occurred during the rainy season. The median age was 35 (IQR 19, 52) y and early adulthood was the most affected age group; bites were most common on the hand and in the living place. The Eastern region of Mexico registered the highest number of cases, with 3496 (33.71%) of snakebites. The lethality rate was 18.23 per 10 000.

Conclusions

Snakebites are a significant health problem in Mexico. Most injuries occur among men in early adulthood, in households and in the upper extremities.
Integrative taxonomy using historical specimens provides evidence for a single species of bushbuck, Tragelaphus scriptus (Mammalia: Bovidae)
Authors: Baird C Nicolas , Ernst Mario , Waurick Isabelle , Blom Mozes P K , Bibi Faysal
Published: September 2023

The bushbuck (Tragelaphus scriptus) is an antelope widely distributed throughout sub-Saharan Africa that varies greatly in body size, horn length and coat patterning. Recent taxonomic work has suggested reclassification as two or more species. Molecular studies have shown a deep mitochondrial divergence between north-western (scriptus) and south-eastern (sylvaticus) bushbuck populations, and morphological assessments, based largely on coat patterning, have divided the bushbuck into as many as eight species and 32 subspecies. Molecular and morphological approaches have, to date, not been brought together in a single integrative study. Using 43 museum cranial specimens, we sequenced complete mitochondrial genomes and used three-dimensional geometric morphometrics to compare genetic and phenotypic divergence between the two main subclades of the T. scriptus species complex. We found a significant but weak relationship between phenotypic and genetic distances. Mean body size differed between males of each subclade, but morphological differences attributable to sexual dimorphism within subclades were greater than differences between subclades. Despite a mitochondrial divergence of nearly 3 Myr, cranial morphological differences between subclades were minor and could be accounted for largely by minor size differences between males (size–shape allometry). These results support the recognition of a single bushbuck species, as indicated by nuclear genetic data.
Comparing Inoculation Methods of Clavibacter nebraskensis on Corn (Zea mays) Under Greenhouse Conditions
Authors: Haugrud Nathan H. , Lux LeAnn R. , Friskop Andrew J. , Ikley Joseph T.
Published: September 2023

Goss's bacterial wilt and leaf blight of corn ( Zea mays L.), caused by Clavibacter nebraskensis, is one of the top yield-reducing corn diseases in the Northern Great Plains. Efficient and repeatable inoculation methods in the greenhouse are needed to further understand disease development and host resistance. Although several inoculation methods have been reported, a direct comparison among them in the greenhouse has not been conducted. A greenhouse study was conducted to compare established methods for time to inoculate, disease incidence, and lesion development. The methods evaluated included creating wounds with scissors, pin-prick tools, sandpaper, or carborundum, and bacteria were introduced to wounds by spraying, immersion, sponge, or syringe. Leaf tip removal with scissors and dipping the newly injured leaf in bacterial suspension (tip-removal method) resulted in the fastest inoculation time (24 s), greatest disease incidence (>80%), and fastest lesion development among methods tested. Most other methods had similar disease development but varied in their success rate (incidence). These results will aid researchers in selecting inoculation methods to address research objectives on Goss's wilt in the greenhouse.
Gathering Trainee Feedback to Improve Programs With Low Annual ACGME Survey Content Area Compliance: A Pilot Study
Authors: Hoffert Mara M. , Pfeiffer Leslie , Hepke Molly , Brink Wendy , Newman Jennifer , Passalacqua Karla D. , Baker-Genaw Kimberly
Published: September 2023

Problem

Systematically investigating annual Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Resident/Fellow Survey results by directly gathering trainee feedback could uncover training program problems and clarify misunderstandings as they arise, leading to faster corrective actions and program improvement.

Approach

The Focus Group Forum (FGF) was created based on the utilization-focused evaluation approach to systematically gather comprehensive, high-quality, actionable trainee feedback on specific annual ACGME survey results and involve trainees in program improvement (Henry Ford Hospital, 2021). Trainees from programs with survey results indicating <80% compliance within several content areas were invited to attend FGF sessions. During FGF sessions, neutral moderators experienced in conducting focus groups and creating psychologically safe spaces and neutral scribes gathered trainee feedback on survey results through structured, iterative discussions and an anonymous electronic polling system. Summaries of FGF findings were created, combined with actual annual ACGME survey data, and used to develop recommended corrective actions and monitoring plans.

Outcomes

In 2021, 6 training programs had survey results below the institution’s compliance threshold for 4–8 of the 9 content areas. Of the 180 trainees (from the 6 programs) invited to attend an FGF session, 79 (44%) participated. Five key issues were identified: misinterpretation of several survey questions, lack of knowledge of institutional policies and procedures, perceived inability to share feedback with faculty, feelings of being overwhelmed with administrative duties, and lack of sufficient protected time for educational activities and requirements.

Next Steps

The authors are developing an FGF process for faculty so that all stakeholders have a voice regarding annual ACGME survey results. They are also improving scheduling processes so that feedback from experienced trainees who are leaving the institution will not be missed and developing longer-term processes for tracking outcomes since time for implementing corrective actions before the next ACGME survey is limited.
The BioPro Thumb Carpometacarpal Hemiarthroplasty: Case Series and Surgical Technique
Authors: Chung Julia , Albino-Hakim Salma , Samuels Kate , Bodansky David , Badia Alejandro
Published: September 2023

Thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) osteoarthritis is painful and debilitating. Here, we explore outcomes of a modular, press-fit thumb CMC hemiarthroplasty prosthesis (BioPro). This surgical option permits minimal bone resection, sparing the trapezium, hence allowing revision options if necessary. A retrospective review of all cases of the modular thumb CMC implants performed at one community US center between 2018 and 2021 were included and invited for email or telephone review. Electronic records were examined for demographics, patient outcomes, and morbidity. Eleven patients underwent 11 thumb CMC joint hemiarthroplasties, mean age was 64.8 years (SD: 7.68 y), with 6 females. Six received surgery on their dominant extremity. Two were manual workers (both in the medical field), 6 office-based, 2 retired, and 1 homemaker. The preoperative median pain score (Visual Analog Score) was 8/10 (range: 5 to 10), reducing to 1/10 (range: 1 to 10) (P=0.000033) with a median follow-up of 23 months (range: 13 to 39 mo). In all, 8/11 patients reported they would recommend this surgery to friends and family and opt for the same surgery on their contralateral hand if necessary. One patient reported persistent pain a year postoperatively. On review, the head of the implant was placed too deep into the trapezium. Another center found that this patient had a postoperative trapezium fracture and underwent revision with implant removal and conversion to a suspension arthroplasty. At 12 months, 10/11 thumb CMC hemiarthroplasty showed good pain relief, function, and patient satisfaction. The BioPro has a low risk of subluxation and allows salvage options to remain available should failure occur.
Telemedicine Critical Care-Mediated Mortality Reductions in Lower-Performing Patient Diagnosis Groups: A Prospective, Before and After Study
Authors: Boyle Walter A. , Palmer Christopher M. , Konzen Lisa , Fritz Bradley A. , White Jason , Simkins Michelle , Dieffenderfer Brian , Iqbal Ayesha , Bertrand Jill , Meyer Shelley , Kerby Paul , Buckman Sara , Despotovic Vladimir , Kozlowski Jim , Crimmins Reda Patricia , Zwir Igor , Gu C. Charles , Ofoma Uchenna R.
Published: September 2023

OBJECTIVES:

Studies evaluating telemedicine critical care (TCC) have shown mixed results. We prospectively evaluated the impact of TCC implementation on risk-adjusted mortality among patients stratified by pre-TCC performance.

DESIGN:

Prospective, observational, before and after study.

SETTING:

Three adult ICUs at an academic medical center.

PATIENTS:

A total of 2,429 patients in the pre-TCC (January to June 2016) and 12,479 patients in the post-TCC (January 2017 to June 2019) periods.

INTERVENTIONS:

TCC implementation which included an acuity-driven workflow targeting an identified “lower-performing” patient group, defined by ICU admission in an Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation diagnoses category with a pre-TCC standardized mortality ratio (SMR) of greater than 1.5.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:

The primary outcome was risk-adjusted hospital mortality. Risk-adjusted hospital length of stay (HLOS) was also studied. The SMR for the overall ICU population was 0.83 pre-TCC and 0.75 post-TCC, with risk-adjusted mortalities of 10.7% and 9.5% (p = 0.09). In the identified lower-performing patient group, which accounted for 12.6% (n = 307) of pre-TCC and 13.3% (n = 1671) of post-TCC ICU patients, SMR decreased from 1.61 (95% CI, 1.21–2.01) pre-TCC to 1.03 (95% CI, 0.91–1.15) post-TCC, and risk-adjusted mortality decreased from 26.4% to 16.9% (p < 0.001). In the remaining (“higher-performing”) patient group, there was no change in pre- versus post-TCC SMR (0.70 [0.59–0.81] vs 0.69 [0.64–0.73]) or risk-adjusted mortality (8.5% vs 8.4%, p = 0.86). There were no pre- to post-TCC differences in standardized HLOS ratio or risk-adjusted HLOS in the overall cohort or either performance group.

CONCLUSIONS:

In well-staffed and overall higher-performing ICUs in an academic medical center, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation granularity allowed identification of a historically lower-performing patient group that experienced a striking TCC-associated reduction in SMR and risk-adjusted mortality. This study provides additional evidence for the relationship between pre-TCC performance and post-TCC improvement.
Efficacy of a Cationic Emulsion of Cyclosporine in Moderate Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis
Authors: Caputo Roberto , Di Grande Laura , de Libero Cinzia , Marziali Elisa , Mori Francesca , Masini Marzio
Published: September 2023

Purpose:

The aim of this study was to demonstrate the efficacy of cyclosporine A 0.1% cationic emulsion (CsA CE) eye drops 4 times a day in pediatric patients affected by a moderate form of vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC).

Methods:

This was a prospective study of pediatric patients, aged 5–16 years, with an active moderate form of VKC who were poor responders to topical antihistamines treatment and were treated 4 times a day with CsA CE. The clinical signs were graded for analysis as follows: hyperemia, tarsal papillae, and limbal papillae.

Results:

Twenty-eight patients (22 males and 6 females) with a minimum follow-up period of 3 months were included in the analysis. Statistical analysis excluded tarsal papillae because of the very low baseline value. The clinical score of hyperemia and limbal papillae improved from the first evaluation and was maintained over the follow-up. No side effects were noted.

Conclusion:

CsA CE has been proposed as a treatment for severe forms of VKC. This study has shown that administration 4 times a day is also effective in the treatment of moderate forms of VKC in children.
Size and Shape Matter: Cell Viability of Preloaded Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty Grafts in Three Different Carriers
Authors: Straiko Megan M. W. , Sawant Onkar B. , Hubbs Rebecca , Dye Philip K. , Tsering Dolkar , Hicks Nicholas , Odell Kelly , Ellison Mark S. , Titus Michael S. , Straiko Michael D. , Tran Khoa D.
Published: September 2023

Purpose:

The aim of this study was to examine endothelial cell loss (ECL) associated with preloaded Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) grafts loaded into 3 carriers of different size and shape.

Methods:

Thirty-six donor corneas were prepared for DSAEK and loaded into an EndoGlide Ultrathin (control) (2.0 mm × 3.5 mm lumen, 4.5 mm/4.9 mm incision for scleral tunnel/clear corneal insertion), Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty EndoGlide (experimental) (1.1 mm × 1.7 mm lumen, 2.65 mm incision), or round glass Jones tube (experimental) (1.8 mm lumen, 3.0 mm incision). Control grafts were stored for 6 days in Optisol-GS and experimental grafts stored for 24 hours in Life4C before analysis using Calcein AM staining. Grafts were imaged and ECL was analyzed by FIJI segmentation. The statistical significance of ECL was determined using 1-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc analysis.

Results:

There were no significant differences in donor characteristics for grafts in each cohort. ECL for grafts loaded into the EndoGlide Ultrathin was 10.3% ± 2.3% (graft thickness: 60–189 μm, n = 9). ECL for grafts loaded into the Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty EndoGlide was 22.2% ± 7.1% (graft thickness: 38–63 μm, n = 9). ECL for thin grafts (34–60 μm, n = 9) loaded into the Jones tube was 24.0% ± 5.0%. ECL for thick grafts (92–119 μm, n = 9) loaded into the Jones tube was 34.2% ± 6.1% ECL (P < 0.001). Combined regression analysis revealed that graft thickness is directly correlated to ECL (P < 0.01).

Conclusions:

The size and shape of the carrier can influence the cell viability of preloaded DSAEK grafts. Compared with a larger carrier, smaller lumen carriers are associated with greater ECL. In smaller lumen carriers, ECL increases with increasing DSAEK graft thickness.
Association Between Alcohol Consumption Patterns and Glaucoma in Japan
Authors: Sano Kei , Terauchi Ryo , Fukai Kota , Furuya Yuko , Nakazawa Shoko , Kojimahara Noriko , Hoshi Keika , Nakano Tadashi , Toyota Akihiro , Tatemichi Masayuki
Published: September 2023

Précis:

In this case-control study of the Japanese population, including 3207 glaucoma cases, alcohol consumption patterns such as frequency and quantity showed a positive association with glaucoma prevalence.

Purpose:

To examine the association between alcohol consumption patterns and glaucoma.

Subjects and Methods:

This case-control study evaluated 3207 cases with glaucoma and 3207 matched controls. Patients over 40 years of age were included from 1,693,611 patients admitted to 34 hospitals in Japan. Detailed alcohol consumption patterns (drinking frequency, average daily drinks, and total lifetime drinks) were obtained, as well as various confounding factors, including smoking history and lifestyle-related comorbidities. Conditional logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs for glaucoma prevalence.

Results:

Drinking frequency showed an association with glaucoma for “a few days/week” (OR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.03–1.38) and “almost every day/week” (OR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.18–1.66). Average daily drinks showed an association for “>0–2 drinks/day” (OR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.03–1.32). Total lifetime drinks showed an association for “>60–90 drink-year” (OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.01–1.49) and “>90 drink-year” (OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.05–1.44). As alcohol consumption levels differed considerably between men and women, additional analyses were conducted separately for men and women. Among men, drinking frequency of “a few days/week” and “almost every day/week,” average daily drinks of “>0–2 drinks/day” and “>2–4 drinks/day,” and total lifetime drinks of “>60–90 drink-year” and “>90 drink-year” had an association with glaucoma. Conversely, among women, neither drinking frequency, average daily drinks, nor total lifetime drinks were associated.

Conclusions:

Both the frequency and quantity of alcohol consumption were associated with glaucoma. Further research on gender differences is warranted.
General Factors That Reduce Cardiovascular Risk in People With Schizophrenia
Authors: Al-kayed Jarrah , Okoli Chizimuzo C.
Published: September 2023

Background

The life expectancy of individuals with schizophrenia in the United States is 20% shorter than that of the general population owing to cardiovascular disease (CVD). It is crucial to identify the factors that reduce CVD risk in these individuals.

Objective

In this systematic review, we examined the factors associated with CVD in people with schizophrenia.

Methods

We searched 3 electronic databases for English articles published before April 2023. Investigators assessed the factors associated with 2 cardiovascular health outcomes among people with schizophrenia: the 10-year coronary heart disease (CHD)/CVD risk and peak oxygen uptake (VO2Peak/max).

Results

We retrieved 17 studies from the search. Investigators examined factors affecting 10-year CHD/CVD risk in 11 studies and VO2Peak/max in 6 studies among people with schizophrenia. We found that individuals who had low metabolic symptoms (ie, hypertension and hyperglycemia), did not smoke, engaged in continuous CVD risk assessments, had a shorter duration of the diagnosis and hospitalization, and were of normal weight had a lower 10-year CHD/CVD risk. Furthermore, individuals who engaged in specific physical activity had a higher VO2Peak/max. Finally, those taking antipsychotic medications had a higher 10-year CHD/CVD risk and a lower VO2Peak/max.

Conclusions

The CVD risk factors observed in the general population are common among people with schizophrenia. When these risk factors are controlled, the 10-year CHD/CVD risk and VO2Peak/max of these individuals may be improved. Given the elevated CVD risk associated with antipsychotic medications, future researchers should examine modifying CVD risk factors to mitigate the additional risks associated with medication use in this population.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury in Young Athletes
Authors: Butler Kristen , Moran Heather , Wilson Debra Rose
Published: September 2023

The incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears is increasing in youth, with rates higher in female athletes. The injury is usually noncontact; rather, a quick change of direction induces a “popping” sensation. The injury will be swollen, bruised, and painful, and there will be a limited range of motion and an inability to bear weight. The Lachman test, pivot test (used when patients are anesthetized), and anterior drawer test help diagnose ACL injuries. ACL injuries are categorized by severity as Grade I, II, or III sprains. Prompt first aid care can help reduce pain and swelling using the RICE method, an acronym for rest, ice, compression, and elevation. Medical treatment with stabilization braces might be enough to promote a return-to-normal function, but surgical options are usually required for Grade II and III injuries. Reconstructive surgeries can use an autograft or allograft, but consideration of the growth plates in children might delay the surgery. Postoperative therapy helps reduce edema and immobility. It is essential that injury prevention programs are implemented. Prevention programs and increased awareness of parents and coaches are called for with the population of youth athletes.
Comparative efficacy and safety of 4 atypical antipsychotics augmentation treatment for major depressive disorder in adults: A systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Jia , Li Wenwei , Li Mengting , Wu Hanbiao , Qiu Zhikun
Published: September 2023

Background:

Atypical antipsychotic (AAP) augmentation is an alternative strategy for patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) who had an inadequate response to antidepressant therapy (ADT). We aimed to compare and rank the efficacy and safety of 4 AAPs in the adjuvant treatment of MDD.

Methods:

We searched randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published and unpublished from the date of databases and clinical trial websites inception to April 30, 2023. The evidence risk of bias (RoB) and certainty are assessed using the Cochrane bias risk tool and grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation (GRADE) framework, respectively. Using network meta-analysis, we estimated summary risk ratios (RRs) or standardized mean difference (SMD) based on the random effects model.

Results:

56 eligible studies comprising 11448 participants were included. In terms of primary efficacy outcome, compared with placebo (PBO), all AAPs had significant efficacy (SMD = −0.40; 95% CI, −0.68 to −0.12 for quetiapine (QTP); −0.35, −0.59 to −0.11 for olanzapine (OLA); −0.28, −0.47 to −0.09 for aripiprazole (ARI) and −0.25, −0.42 to −0.07 for brexpiprazole (BRE), respectively). In terms of acceptability, no significant difference was found, either agents versus agents or agents versus PBO. In terms of tolerability, compared with the PBO, QTP (RR = 0.24; 95% CI,0.11–0.53), OLA (0.30,0.10–0.55), ARI (0.39,0.22–0.69), and BRE (0.37,0.18–0.75) were significantly less well tolerated. 8 (14.2%) of 56 trials were assessed as low RoB, 38 (67.9%) trials had moderate RoB, and 10 (17.9%) had high RoB; By the GRADE, the certainty of most evidence was low or very low.

Conclusion:

Adjuvant AAPs had significant efficacy compared with PBO, but treatment decisions must be made to balance the risks and benefits.
Luteolin is a potential inhibitor of COVID-19: An in silico analysis
Authors: Wang Wenxiang , Yang Ce , Xia Jing , Li Ning , Xiong Wei
Published: September 2023

The severe respiratory syndrome 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread explosively, raising global health concerns. Luteolin shows antiviral properties, but its effect on SARS-CoV-2 and the associated mechanisms are not elucidated. We used network pharmacology, molecular docking and molecular dynamics to provide potential molecular support of luteolin (3,4,5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone) (LUT) against COVID-19. We employed network pharmacology, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics techniques to investigate how LUT affected COVID-19. Several databases were queried to determine potential target proteins related to LUT and COVID-19. Protein-protein interaction network was constructed, and core targets were filtered by degree value. Following that, functional enrichment was conducted. Molecular docking was utilized to ensure LUT was compatible with core target proteins. Finally, molecular dynamics was used to analyze the effects of the LUT on the optimal hub target. A total of 64 potential target genes for treating COVID-19 were identified, of which albumin, RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase, caspase-3, epidermal growth factor receptor, heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha, and mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 might be the most promising. In addition, molecular docking results showed that LUT could interact with SARS-CoV-2 major protease 3CL. LUT can bind to the active sites of 3CL protease and mitogen-activated protein kinase 1, showing an anti-SARS-CoV-2 potential.
Mapping knowledge landscapes and emerging trends of robotic-assisted knee arthroplasty: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Wan Dongping , Wang Rui , Wei Jie , Zan Qiang , Shang Lei , Ma Jianbing , Yao Shuxin , Xu Chao
Published: September 2023

The robotic-assisted knee arthroplasty has gained increasing attention in the research field. To date, no comprehensive bibliometric analysis has been carried out on this topic. The present study aimed to introduce the research status and hotspots and explore the field of robotic-assisted knee arthroplasty from a bibliometric perspective. The Web of Science Core Collection database was utilized to retrieve articles and reviews on robotic-assisted knee arthroplasty published between 1993 and 2023. CiteSpace, VOSviewer, Scimago Graphica, Pajek, and a bibliometric online analysis platform (http://bibliometric.com/) were employed to analyze the regions, institutions, journals, authors, and keywords, aiming to predict the latest trends in research related to robotic-assisted knee arthroplasty. This study encompasses 697 records. The annual publication count pertaining to robotic-assisted knee arthroplasty demonstrates consistent growth. The United States leads with the highest number of studies (298), trailed by the United Kingdom (110) and France (49). The Hospital for Special Surgery emerges as the most prolific institution, while Professor Mont, Michael A holds significant author influence. The Journal of Arthroplasty reigns supreme in this field, boasting the highest publication and citation figures. Funding sources predominantly include Stryker (34), Smith Nephew (19), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (17). Noteworthy research themes within robotic-assisted knee arthroplasty encompass patient satisfaction, kinematic alignment, and clinical benefits. The landscape of robotic-assisted knee arthroplasty research is thriving. Anticipated trajectories of research will be geared toward refining the precision of robotic technology and enhancing clinical outcomes within the realm of robotic-assisted knee arthroplasty.
Global research trends in artificial intelligence for critical care with a focus on chord network charts: Bibliometric analysis
Authors: Cheng Teng-Yun , Yu-Chieh Ho Sam , Chien Tsair-Wei , Chou Willy
Published: September 2023

Background:

The field of critical care-related artificial intelligence (AI) research is rapidly gaining interest. However, there is still a lack of comprehensive bibliometric studies that measure and analyze scientific publications on a global scale. Network charts have traditionally been used to highlight author collaborations and coword phenomena (ACCP). It is necessary to determine whether chord network charts (CNCs) can provide a better understanding of ACCP, thus requiring clarification. This study aimed to achieve 2 objectives: evaluate global research trends in AI in intensive care medicine on publication outputs, coauthorships between nations, citations, and co-occurrences of keywords; and demonstrate the use of CNCs for ACCP in bibliometric analysis.

Methods:

The web of science database was searched for a total of 1992 documents published between 2013 and 2022. The document type was limited to articles and article reviews, and titles and abstracts were screened for eligibility. The characteristics of the publications, including preferred journals, leading research countries, international collaborations, top institutions, and major keywords, were analyzed using the category-journal rank-authorship-L-index score and trend analysis. The 100 most highly cited articles are also listed in detail.

Results:

Between 2018 and 2022, there was a sharp increase in publications, which accounted for 92.8% (1849/1992) of all papers included in the study. The United States and China were responsible for nearly 50% (936/1992) of the total publications. The leading countries, institutes, departments, authors, and journals in terms of publications were the US, Massachusetts Gen Hosp (US), Medical School, Zhongheng Zhang (China), and Science Reports. The top 3 primary keywords denoting research hotspots for AI in critically ill patients were mortality, model, and intensive care unit, with mortality having the highest burst strength (4.49). The keywords risk and system showed the highest growth trend (0.98) in counts over the past 4 years.

Conclusions:

This study provides valuable insights into the potential for ACCP and future research opportunities. For AI-based clinical research to become widely accepted in critical care practice, collaborative research efforts are necessary to strengthen the maturity and robustness of AI-driven models using CNCs for display.
Adverse physiological effects of smoking cessation on the gastrointestinal tract: A review
Authors: Mahyoub Mueataz A. , Al-Qurmoti Sarah , Rai Ayesha Akram , Abbas Mustafa , Jebril Majed , Alnaggar Mohammed , He Shuixiang
Published: September 2023

Smoking cessation is known to have numerous health benefits, but it can also induce adverse physiological effects, including those affecting the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Understanding the adverse physiological effects of smoking cessation on the GIT is critical for healthcare professionals and smokers attempting to quit, as it enables them to anticipate and manage potential challenges during the smoking cessation process. Although the detrimental effects of smoking on the GIT have been well established, there is a gap in the literature regarding the specific physiological reactions that may occur upon smoking cessation. This mini-review summarizes the current literature on the predisposing factors, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and treatment options for adverse physiological effects of smoking cessation on the GIT. We aimed to raise awareness among busy clinical professionals about these adverse effects, empowering them to effectively support individuals striving to quit smoking and maintain their cessation. By consolidating the existing knowledge in this field, this review offers practical implications for smokers, healthcare providers, and policymakers to optimize smoking cessation interventions and support strategies to improve health outcomes.
Effect of opioid-free anesthesia on the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies
Authors: Zhang Yanan , Ma Dandan , Lang Bao , Zang Chuanbo , Sun Zenggang , Ren Shengjie , Chen Huayong
Published: September 2023

Background:

Research on opioid-free anesthesia has increased in recent years; however, it has never been determined whether it is more beneficial than opioid anesthesia. This meta-analysis was primarily used to assess the effect of opioid-free anesthesia compared with opioid anesthesia on the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting.

Methods:

We searched the electronic databases of PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Embase from 2014 to 2022 to identify relevant articles and extract relevant data. The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting, time to extubation, pain score at 24 hours postoperatively, and time to first postoperative rescue analgesia were compared between patients receiving opioid-free anesthesia and those receiving standard opioid anesthesia. Differences in the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting were evaluated using risk ratios (95% confidence interval [CI]). The significance of the differences was assessed using mean differences and 95% CI. The heterogeneity of the subject trials was evaluated using the I
2 test. Statistical analysis was performed using the RevMan 5.4 software.

Results:

Fourteen randomized controlled trials, including 1354 participants, were evaluated in the meta-analysis. As seen in the forest plot, the OFA group had a lower risk of postoperative nausea and vomiting than the control group (risk ratios = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.33–0.51, P < .00001; n = 1354), and the meta-analysis also found that the OFA group had lower postoperative analgesia scores at 24 hours (P < .000001), but time to extubation (P = .14) and first postoperative resuscitation analgesia time (P < .54) were not significantly different.

Conclusions:

Opioid-free anesthesia reduces the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting while providing adequate analgesia without interfering with postoperative awakening.
Association of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism with the risk of sepsis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Li Qian , Li Wen , Chen Menglu , Chai Yihui , Guan Liancheng , Chen Yunzhi
Published: September 2023

Background:

To investigate the association between sepsis and the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms.

Methods:

Databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMbase, CNKI, Wanfang Data, and VIP Data were systematically searched. The association was assessed using odds ratios (ORs), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The statistical tests were performed using Review Manager 5.4.

Results:

We identified a total of 5 studies. The relationship between VDR gene polymorphisms (Apa I, Bsm I, Taq I, and Fok I), and incidence of sepsis was investigated. The results of this meta-analysis showed that the allelic contrast model (F vs f, P = .03, OR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.44–0.95), dominant genetic model (FF vs Ff + ff, P = .02, OR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.30–0.91), and codominance genetic model (FF vs ff, P = .03, OR = 0.39, 95% CI = 0.16–0.91) of VDR Fok I locus increased the risk of sepsis, and the lack of association between the VDR Fok I gene polymorphism and the risk assessment of sepsis, based on the ethnic subgroup analysis, might be attributable to the small sample size. The risk of sepsis with Apa I, Bsm I, and Taq I did not appear to be correlated.

Conclusion subsections:

This meta-analysis revealed that the VDR Fok I polymorphism is closely associated with the susceptibility to sepsis, and patients with sepsis have lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels. VDR Fok I gene mutations may change the risk of sepsis.
Update on the association of miR-149 rs2292832 C>T polymorphism with gastric cancer risk: A meta-analysis study of gastrointestinal cancers
Authors: Zhong Guping , Luo Xiaojin , Li Ji , Liao Yuanhang , Gui Guan , Sheng Jianwen
Published: September 2023

Objective:

Single nucleotide polymorphisms in microRNAs are believed to affect the occurrence and progression of cancer by altering the expression and biological functions of microRNAs. Several studies investigated the role of the miR-149 rs2292832 C>T polymorphism on the risk of gastric cancer (GC), but got conflicting results.

Methods:

We performed a comprehensive and systematic search through the PubMed MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus, CNKI, and Web of science, 8 studies were included in the meta-analysis to determine whether miR-149 rs2292832 C>T polymorphism contributed to the risk of GC.

Results:

Pooled data indicated that miR-149 rs2292832 C>T polymorphism was not associated with GC risk. In the stratified analysis by ethnicity, miR-149 rs2292832 C>T polymorphism significantly increased GC risk under the allele comparison model (odds ratio [OR] = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.04–1.55, P
heterogeneity = 0.18, P = .02), recessive model (OR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.04–2.01, P
heterogeneity = 0.19, P = .03) among Caucasians; but decreased GC risk under the allele comparison model (OR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.81–0.98, P
heterogeneity = 0.22, P = .02) and dominant model (OR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.72–0.93, P
heterogeneity = 0.15, P = .01) among Asian.

Conclusion:

Our meta-analysis suggests a positive correlation between miR-149 rs2292832 C>T polymorphism and GC development among Caucasians, but negative correlation among Asian population.
Recurrent flash pulmonary edema in unilateral renal artery stenosis with contralateral kidney shrinkage: A case report
Authors: Cheon Ji Eun , Kim Hyo Jin
Published: September 2023

Rationale:

Flash pulmonary edema is a critical medical condition characterized by sudden and severe fluid accumulation in the lungs, which poses an immediate and life-threatening emergency. This can arise from a variety of underlying causes. This manuscript presents a case of recurrent pulmonary edema that was successfully managed through the insertion of a renal artery stent.

Patient concerns:

A 78-year-old woman visited the emergency room with recurrent acute dyspnea. Computed tomography renal angiography revealed renal artery stenosis of a single-functioning kidney.

Diagnoses:

Flash pulmonary edema caused by renal artery stenosis of a functioning single kidney.

Interventions:

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting were performed for the renal artery stenosis.

Outcomes:

The patient’s kidney function rapidly improved, and she has been free of flash pulmonary edema for 2 years.

Lessons:

Flash pulmonary edema can have various causes and can immediately be a life-threatening emergency. However, it can be treated with percutaneous revascularization if it is caused by renal artery stenosis. This case report reinforces the importance of accurate and immediate diagnosis when dealing with flash pulmonary edema. This case emphasizes the potential therapeutic benefit of renal artery stenting in the management of flash pulmonary edema caused by renal artery stenosis in patients with a single-functioning kidney.
Prevention of delayed gastric emptying after right colectomy with extended lymphadenectomy: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Popescu Răzvan Cătălin , Leopa Nicoleta , Iordache Ionut-Eduard , Dan Cristina , Moldovan Cosmin , Ghioldis Andrei-Cristian , Olteanu Cornelia Minodora , Kacani Andrea , Cindea Iulia , Popescu Ioana
Published: September 2023

Background:

Delayed gastric emptying sometimes occurs after right colectomy with extended lymphadenectomy. The aim of this randomized controlled trial is to evaluate the effect on delayed gastric emptying after performing a fixation of the stomach to the retrogastric tissue to return the stomach to a physiological position after right colectomy with lymphadenectomy, including gastrocolic lymph nodes dissection for proximal transverse colon cancer.

Methods:

From January 2015 to December 2020, patients undergoing right colectomy with extensive lymphadenectomy for proximal transverse colon cancer were randomly assigned to either the gastropexy group or the conventional group. In the gastropexy group, the posterior wall of the stomach, at the level of the antrum, was sutured to the retrogastric tissue to prevent the abnormal shape that the gastric antrum acquires together with the duodeno-pancreatic complex, the shape that leads to an obstruction of the antrum region and to the delay in emptying the gastric contents.

Results:

Mean age, sex, comorbidities, and right colectomy procedures were similar in the 2 groups. Delayed gastric emptying developed in twelve patients in the conventional group (38.7%) versus 4 patients (12.1%) in the gastropexy group (P = .014). The total number of complications was higher in the conventional group (14 complications) than in the gastropexy group (7 complications). According to univariate analysis, gastropexy significantly lowered the risk of delayed gastric emptying (P = .014). Overall morbidity was 9.7% in the conventional group versus none in the gastropexy group. Postoperative hospitalization was longer in the conventional group (7.61 ± 3.26 days) than in the gastropexy group (6.24 ± 1.3 days; P = .006).

Conclusion:

Gastropexy decreases the occurrence of delayed gastric emptying after right colectomy with extended lymphadenectomy for proximal transverse colon cancer.