bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Cross-Cultural Comparative Study of American Native Speakers of English and Moroccan EFL University Students’ Production of the Speech Act of Request
Authors: Abidi Abdelfattah
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate the production of request strategies, request sub-strategies, and request orientations by Moroccan EFL learners (MEFLLs) and American native speakers of English (ANSE). To achieve this objective, the researcher adopted a mixed approach by collecting data through a semi-structured interview and a discourse completion test. The DCT is composed of ten situations adopted from Blum-Kulka et al.’s (1989) Cross-Cultural Speech Act Realization Patterns project and modified by Khamam (2012). Thirty MEFLLs and thirty ANSE responded to the discourse completion test, while four MEFLLs and three ANSE were interviewed. Furthermore, to analyse said and unsaid requests, this study relied on Blum-Kulka et al.’s (1989) coding scheme and Marti’s (2006) model. The results showed that MEFLLs differed from ANSE in several ways. MEFLLs were more direct than ANSE, as they used direct request strategies and hearer-oriented requests more than ANSE. However, the two groups preferred the conventionally indirect request strategy to the other request strategies. Regarding request sub-strategies, the two groups frequently selected the query preparatory strategy. Nevertheless, it was chosen by ANSE more than MEFLLs.
Corporate Culture as an Instrument to Manage the Interaction between Strategic Management and Employees` Self-actualisation within Business Organisations
Authors:   University of Economics - Varna, Minkov Ilian , Mihaylova Monika ,   University of Economics - Varna
Published: March 2022

The functioning of business organisations in the context of the current dynamic and digital environment predefines a different managerial approach toward people so that they can transform into human capital and contribute to the achievement of the company objectives. This requires stimulation of the employees’ self-expression in the internal organisational environment defined by the existing corporate culture. The scientific objective of this paper is to outline the possibilities to stimulate the aspiration toward employees’ self-actualisation through management of corporate culture with a view to achieving the strategic objectives of the business organisations. This work is of conceptual nature and it integrates and gives an overview of the existing theoretical grounds in the field of strategic management, corporate culture and human resources. Different research methods and approaches have been used, including the methods of analysis and synthesis and the systematic, complex and interdisciplinary approach. As a result of the research, the necessary matches have been discovered, with the support of which corporate culture helps stimulate self-expression of the employees in the context of the companies’ strategic development.
Does Entrepreneurship Guarantee Youth Empowerment in Nigeria? The Role of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises
Authors:   College of Management and Information Technology, American International University, West Africa. The Gambia, Olanipekun Wahid , Samson Alalade ,   Babcock University, Ilishan Remo, Nigeria, Olubunmi Amusa ,   Gateway (ICT) Polytechnic, Saapade, Ogun State, Nigeria, Ayomitunde Aderemi ,   Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
Published: March 2022

The aim of this study is to examine the impact of entrepreneurship within the context of SMEs on youth empowerment in Nigeria. Providing an empirical evidence to answer the research question required the extraction of data between 1991 and 2019 from the World Development Indicators. Meanwhile, the data was subjected to various pre-tests such as unit roots and Co-integration tests before the adapted models were estimated using Fully Modified Least Squares (FMOLS) and Granger causality techniques. The summary of the major discoveries in the study were enunciated as follows; self-employment and youth unemployment had a significant negative relationship in Nigeria. In the same vein, population growth rate and youth unemployment had a significant negative relationship. However, commercial banks loans to SMEs and youth unemployment had an insignificant positive relationship in the country. By and large, selfemployment generated by SMEs reduces youth unemployment significantly in Nigeria. Furthermore, a long run convergence existed among the variables of interest in one hand, a unidirectional causal relationship running from youth empowerment to SMEs financing existed in the study. Also, a unidirectional causality running from self employment to population growth rate was discovered. Therefore, the study concludes that entrepreneurship - SMEs has the capacity to guarantee youth empowerment in Nigeria. Against this backdrop, this study recommends that the policymakers and other stakeholders in Nigeria should embrace entrepreneurship, especially SMEs as a reliable means of youth empowerment through employment generation in the country.
Partisan reasoning in a high stakes environment: Assessing partisan informational gaps on COVID-19
Authors: Peterson Erik , Iyengar Shanto
Published: March 2022

Using a survey conducted in July 2020, we establish a divide in the news sources partisans prefer for information about the COVID-19 pandemic and observe partisan disagreements in beliefs about the virus. These divides persist when respondents face financial costs for incorrectly answering questions. This supports a view in which the informational divisions revealed in surveys on COVID-19 are genuine differences of opinion, not artifacts of insincere cheerleading. The implication is that efforts to correct misinformation about the virus should focus on changing sincere beliefs while also accounting for information search preferences that impede exposure to correctives among those holding misinformed views.
Strategi Pengembangan Komoditi Unggulan Tanaman Pangan dan Palawija di Kecamatan Bonegunu Kabupaten Buton Utara di Masa Pandemi Covid 19
Authors: Yusran Yusran , Nikoyan Anas
Published: March 2022

The agricultural sector is one of the main driving sectors of the North Buton Regency during the covid 19 pandemic, Bonegunu District, North Buton Regency is trying to develop superior commodities for the food crops secondary crops sub-sector. The problem in developing food crops and secondary crops during the COVID-19 pandemic is that they have not determined only commodities and strategies for growing and secondary crops during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to determine the potential for developing superior commodities of food crops and secondary crops before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. 19 and to find out the strategy for developing excellent commodities of food crops and secondary crops during the covid 19 pandemic. The data analysis in this study was LQ and SWOT analysis. The results showed that before the covid 19 pandemic, rice was the leading commodity, but the commodity was not during the covid 19 pandemic. Commodities that experienced an increase or were superior during the COVID-19 pandemic were sweet potatoes and green beans. The strategy for developing food crops and secondary crops in Bonegunu District, North Buton Regency during the COVID-19 pandemic includes the SO strategy, Building partnerships between the central and regional governments of North Buton Regency and the private sector, Expansion of the development area, ST Strategy, Expansion of marketing networks through online media, Setting prices government purchases (HPP) at the farmer level, WO strategy, increasing the number of adequate facilities and infrastructure, increasing farmer human resources through training and mentoring, expanding the use of modern technology, WT strategy, increasing the use of superior seeds, fertilizers, and integrated pest control
Heart of Darkness
Authors: Sarkar Subir
Published: March 2022

Is the standard model of cosmology wrong? Subir Sarkar argues that the discovery of dark energy, the basis of widely accepted models, was simply an accident waiting to happen. He claims that long-held assumptions are no longer tenable in light of recent data—data that undermines the inference that the universe is dominated by a cosmological constant.
A potential rearing method to optimize survival and reproduction of Neoleucinodes elegantalis (Guen., 1854) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)
Authors: Gontijo Pablo da C. , Martins Júlio C. , Silva Ézio M. , Tomé Hudson V. V. , Ramos Rodrigo S. , Da Silva Ricardo S. , Picanço Marcelo C.
Published: March 2022

The aim of this study was to develop a simple and efficient laboratory rearing method for Neoleucinodes elegantalis (Guen., 1854) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). To this end, seven bioassays were performed to evaluate the survival and reproductive characteristics of N. elegantalis for rearing populations in the laboratory with artificial and natural fruits. Neoleucinodes elegantalis was affected by the size and color of artificial fruits and the number of couples per cage. It was found that larvae fed with natural fruits of Solanum gilo had a greater survival rate and larval and pupal duration. Pupal survival rate did not differ between treatments. However, pupae of larvae fed S. gilo and S. melongena had the highest weights in both males and females. The highest percentage of fully formed adults was observed in the S. gilo treatment. The sex ratio did not differ between treatments, and the increase in larvae per fruit decreased larval survival, which was not observed in pupae. The results obtained in this study are significant because they reveal biological, ecological, and behavioral aspects of N. elengantalis and contribute to the expansion of techniques for mass rearing of this insect pest in the laboratory, which is essential for several other entomological studies.
Fizinio aktyvumo svarba sergantiesiems prostatos vėžiu
Authors: Širvinskienė Rasa , Trumbeckas Darius
Published: March 2022

Nepakankamas fizinis aktyvumas yra vienas pagrindinių lėtinių neinfekcinių ligų ir mirties rizikos veiksnių visame pasaulyje. Fizinis pasyvumas didina onkologinių, širdies ligų, insulto, cukrinio diabeto riziką 20–30 proc. ir sutrumpina gyvenimo trukmę 3–5 metais [1]. Fizinis aktyvumas vis dažniau tiriamas kaip nefarmakologinė intervencija, gerinanti onkologinėmis ligomis sergančiųjų fizinę ir psichologinę būklę. Siekiant ištirti sergančiųjų vėžiu pacientų fizinio aktyvumo intervencijų naudą prieš gydymą ir po gydymo, gauti rezultatai įrodo teigiamą fizinio aktyvumo intervencijų poveikį onkologinėmis ligomis sergantiems pacientams: sustiprino fizinį kūno pajėgumą, sumažino nuovargį, nerimą, padidino savigarbą, pagerino gyvenimo kokybę [2]. Prostatos vėžio rizika yra didesnė vyresnio amžiaus pacientams. Lyginant su jaunesnio amžiaus pacientais, vyresnio amžiaus pacientai turi daugiau gretutinių ligų, gydant patiria daugiau komplikacijų, labiau išreikštas silpnumas, daugiau apribojimų kasdienėje gyvenimo veikloje, dažniau pasireiškia demencija, osteoporozė, depresija, didesnė griuvimų rizika. Nepaisant vyresnio amžiaus, reguliarus fizinis aktyvumas sumažina lėtinių ligų riziką, nuovargį, pagerina depresijos, nerimo, demencijos valdymą, prailgina išgyvenamumą sergant vėžiu ir pacientai jaučiasi fiziškai stipresni [3].
DIAGNOSTIC VALUE OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING IN ASSESSING CHANGES IN THE BRAIN SUBSTANCE AND CEREBRAL HEMODYNAMICS IN ACUTE CEREBROVASCULAR PATHOLOGYX
Authors:   Researcher Bukhara branch of the Republican Scientific Center for Emergency Medical Care Bukhara, Uzbekistan, Khodjaeva N. A.
Published: March 2022

The relationship between the clinical picture of ischemic stroke and magnetic resonance imaging in assessing changes in the brain substance and cerebral hemodynamics was studied. It was stated that changes in the venous circulation of the brain are detected on magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance angiography and show a stable reliable regular relationship with various states of the brain and carry important information about the organization of its blood supply and identification of the degree and severity of vascular damage to the brain.
Filtering in the presence of information losses based on the extended least squares method
Authors: Artemiev V. M. , Naumov A. O.
Published: March 2022

O b j e c t i v e s . In radar systems for moving objects tracking, there are often gaps in the measurement of coordinates.

The problem is mostly fully solved in continuous time in the theory of systems with a random structure within the  framework of  statistical  Bayesian theory of  filtration  in  the  presence  of  complete  a  priori  statistical information. This approach leads to complex algorithms that are difficult to implement in practice. The purpose of investigation was to develop a filtering algorithm in conditions of information interruptions based on the use of extended least squares method.

M e t h o d s . Methods of estimation theory are used, in particular, the extended least squares method, which makes it possible to find relatively simple algorithms with a  minimum amount of a  priori knowledge about the characteristics of the impacts.

R e s u l t s . The algorithm for filtering radar signals has been developed, based on measurements of the moments of  breaks  and  extrapolation  of  the  measured  coordinates  at  intervals  of  information  lack.  The  resulting algorithm is nonlinear and therefore tracking disruptions may occur in the filter. The results of the algorithm are demonstrated using a model example. The estimation of the filtering accuracy and tracking failure conditions is carried out.

Co n c l u s i o n . A filtering algorithm has been developed that allows determining the moments of the onset of breaks and extrapolating the estimates of useful information. The comparative simplicity of the algorithm makes it suitable for practical use.
N-body Interactions will be Detectable in the HR-8799 System within 5 yr with VLTI-GRAVITY
Authors: Covarrubias Sofia , Blunt Sarah , Wang Jason J.
Published: March 2022

While Keplerian orbits account for the majority of the astrometric motion of directly-imaged planets, perturbations due to N-body interactions allow us to directly constrain exoplanet masses in multiplanet systems. This has the potential to improve our understanding of massive directly-imaged planets, which nearly all currently have only model-dependent masses. The VLTI-GRAVITY instrument has demonstrated that interferometry can achieve 100x better astrometric precision than existing methods, a level of precision that makes detection of planet–planet interactions possible. In this study, we show that in the HR-8799 system, planet–planet deviations from currently used Keplerian approximations are expected to be up to one-quarter of a milliarcsecond within five years, which will make them detectable with VLTI-GRAVITY. Modeling of this system to directly constrain exoplanet masses will be crucial in order to make precise predictions.
Common Denominators: Shared Governance and Work Place Advocacy – Strategies for Nurses to Gain Control over Their Practice
Authors: Green Alexia , Jordan Clair
Published: March 2022

It is important to the future of health care that we identify strategies that provide support for nurses as they take on the challenges of the new century. Shared governance has long been stressed as an effective strategy for enhancing autonomy and providing avenues for nurses to gain control over their practice. A newer strategy, defined at the local, state, and/or national level, is work place advocacy. This strategy builds upon many of the principles contained in shared governance. This article identifies common denominators found in both shared governance and work place advocacy.
A brief survey on stability and stabilization of impulsive systems with delayed impulses
Authors: He Xinyi , Qiu Jianlong , Li Xiaodi , Cao Jinde
Published: March 2022

This survey addresses stability analysis for impulsive systems with delayed impulses, which constitute an important generalization of delayed impulsive systems. Fundamental issues such as the concept of a solution to an impulsive system with delayed impulses and methods to determine impulse instants are revisited and discussed. In view of the types of delays in impulses, impulsive systems with delayed impulses are classified into two categories including systems with time-dependent delayed impulses and systems with state-dependent delayed impulses. Then more efforts are devoted to the stability analysis of these two classes of impulsive systems, where corresponding Lyapunov-function-based sufficient conditions for Lyapunov stability, asymptotic stability, exponential stability, input-to-state stability and finite-time stability are presented, respectively. Moreover, the double effects of time-dependent delayed impulses on system performance are reemphasized, and recent applications of delayed impulses in synchronization control are discussed in detail. Several challenges are suggested for future works.
As tecnologias no processo de empoderamento dos cuidados primários de enfermagem em contexto da covid-19/ Technologies in the empowerment process of primary nursing care in the covid-19 context
Authors: Nathally de Santana Silva Wanessa , Carola Santos Silva Kátia , Amanda de Araújo Andreza , Boulitreau Siqueira Campos Barros Mariana , Maria Leite Meirelles Monteiro Estela , Bushatsky Magaly , Ramedlav de Santana Silva Wagner
Published: March 2022

Objetivo: Compreender o uso de tecnologias no processo de empoderamento das práticas de enfermagem no âmbito da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) em contexto de isolamento social provocado pela pandemia da Covid-19. Métodos: Estudo descritivo e exploratório, com abordagem qualitativa, realizado de forma online, com 23 enfermeiros e residentes de enfermagem que atuam na Atenção Primária, através da aplicação de um formulário virtual divulgado no período de maio-junho de 2020. Os dados foram analisados pelo Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo, com o aporte dos conceitos teóricos de Merhy e Nietsche. Resultados: Os discursos foram compilados no uso de tecnologias de interação social e ações individuais de educação em saúde, como também no resgate da comunicação em massa para reestruturação da assistência na identificação de indivíduos expostos. Estas tecnologias permeiam as densidades leve, leve-dura e dura, com fins educacionais, assistenciais e gerenciais. Conclusão: Novos modos de construir o processo de trabalho navegam por possibilidades antes invisíveis, com o recurso das tecnologias que empoderamos enfermeiros diante dos cuidados primários à saúde.
DISFUNÇÕES TEMPOROMANDIBULARES E FATORES PSICOLÓGICOS: UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
Authors: Marin Ramon , Rolim Gustavo Sattolo , De Moraes Antonio Bento Alves , Graner Karen Mendes
Published: March 2022

As disfunções temporomandibulares (DTM) são condições biológicas que envolvem sinais e sintomas como dores crônicas na articulação temporomandibular e nos músculos da mastigação. O presente estudo tem como objetivo identificar quais e como conceitos psicológicos são descritos em artigos de intervenções odontológicas relacionadas à DTM, em artigos de revisão sistemática. Para isto foram utilizadas três bases de dados na busca e seleção: PubMed, Scopus e Web of Science. Aplicou-se em todas estas bases de dados a mesma formulação de termos-chave. Foram selecionados os artigos de revisões, publicados entre 2000 e 2017, escritos em inglês. Dos 4.092 artigos encontrados, sete foram selecionados descrevendo intervenções psicológicas envolvidas com o tratamento da DTM. Todos os artigos selecionados foram analisados com base em seus objetivos e discussões, considerando as características de apresentação e compreensão das variáveis psicológicas relacionadas à disfunção temporomandibular e às intervenções utilizadas. Para tanto, foram realizadas análises qualitativas e quantitativas. Pode-se concluir que a compreensão e a definição das variáveis psicológicas relacionadas à DTM não são evidentes, o que dificulta a produção de resultados claros sobre a eficácia dos diagnósticos e intervenções para DTM.
UTILIZAÇÃO DE REGRESSÃO NÃO-LINEAR SIMPLES NA AVALIAÇÃO ESTRUTURAL DE PAVIMENTOS ASFÁLTICOS RODOVIÁRIOS
Authors: Marques Almeida Antonia Fabiana , Lacerda de Oliveira Francisco Heber
Published: March 2022

Os pavimentos rodoviários constituem a principal infraestrutura de transporte de passageiros e de carga no Brasil. Para garantir a sua vida útil, o conforto ao rolamento dos veículos e a segurança das operações e dos usuários, é necessário que os pavimentos sejam avaliados adequadamente com uma frequência apropriada, considerando o contexto da gerência de pavimentos. Nesse sentido, a avaliação estrutural destaca-se por permitir o conhecimento da capacidade de carga da infraestrutura, muito embora ainda ocasione impactos sobre o fluxo de tráfego e custos elevados durante os levantamentos de campo, devido, sobretudo, aos equipamentos e técnicas envolvidos. Condições estruturais inadequadas proporcionam o surgimento, dentre outros defeitos em pavimentos flexíveis, de afundamentos de trilhas de rodas excessivos e de deformações superiores àquelas admitidas pela infraestrutura. Diante desse contexto, este artigo tem o objetivo de efetuar uma análise dos parâmetros de afundamentos de trilhas de rodas e deflexão característica de pavimentos asfálticos rodoviários nacionais, de modo que se obtenha um modelo de correlação satisfatório. Utilizou-se a correlação não-linear simples entre os parâmetros, pois a correlação linear não se mostrou adequada. Os resultados obtidos indicam, por meio do coeficiente de determinação e outras análises, que o modelo desenvolvido é aceitável e pode auxiliar o gestor no planejamento dos levantamentos de campo.
Aminpentacyanoferrate as a carbon monoxide indicator
Authors: Ferradoza Batalioto Camilla , Pauletti Caroline , Oliveira Buffon Dheniffer Sandra , Dragunski Douglas Cardoso , Lindino Cleber
Published: March 2022

Carbon monoxide (CO) is a substance that can cause suffocation and death and one of its main sources is the emission of gases in the exhaust of motor vehicles, due to incomplete combustion. For this reason, several countries have important legislation on vehicular pollution. Several analytical techniques for determining CO are used; however, most of them are expensive or require qualified professionals. The purpose of this work was to use the aminpentacianoferrate complex in the development of a spectrophotometric methodology based on the exchange of ammonia ligand (NH3) by carbonyl (CO), with applicability in the rapid determination of carbon monoxide in vehicle emissions. The synthesized complex was characterized in terms of its structure and the analytical parameters were validated. The analytical curve was between 135 mg L-1 and 812 mg L-1, with R2 = 0.9965, with a repeatability of 4.6% and stability of the carbonylated complex of ± 1.0% in 15 minutes. This method was applied to samples of vehicle emission gas having low cost, being possible to use portable spectrophotometers of easy manipulation and access, for fast measurements.
Public Health view Regarding Ambulatory Anti-Tuberculosis Chemotherapy
Authors: Bang Sook
Published: March 2022

No abstract available.
The Electrocardiographic Changes, Particularly of Cor Pulmonale in Far Advanced Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Thoracic Surgery
Authors: Lee Hyo Keun
Published: March 2022

The term “pulmonary heart disease," usually considered to be synonymous with “ cor pulmonale" and “ heart-lung disease," refers to right strain or hypertrophy with or without failure as a consequence of pulmonary hypertension due to increased resistance to blood flow within the pulmonary circuit.ln pulmonary tuberculosis, the gradual decrease in the pulmonary vascular bed due to fibrosis,emphysema, or both, is the major factor in the development of increased pulmonary artery resistance with its sequelae of pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular hypertrophy. Impaired ventilatory function with resultant anoxia, hypervolemia, and polycythemia probably contributes to this syndrome when pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema are severe. Chronic anoxia may cause increased pulmonary artery pressure Increased blood volume in an already reduced pulmonary vascular bed contributes to the devlopment of pulmonary hypertension. Ery throcy -tosis, not always present, increases blood viscoisity, there by increasing resistance to blood flow and elevating pulmonary artery pressure. Extensive destruction of lung parenchyma may interfere with the pulmonary blood flow. Marked retractive changes or marked restriction of one or both lungs by a pleural membrane may be factors in the development of chronic cor pulmonale.Thoracic surgery in pulmonary tuberculosis such as thoracoplasty or pneumonectomy may embarrass the heart mechanically by pressure or torsion of the pulmonary vessels or may cause impaired respiratory fuction, displacement or distention of the remaining lung, which also contributes to the development of pulmonary hypertension.This study deals largely with the electrocardiographic changes of right ventricular hypertrophy in far advanced pulmonary tuberculosis and surgically treated pulmonary tuberculosis.One hundred and eleven unselected pulmonary tuberculosis patients, 56 cases of far advanced long-standing discase and 55 cases in which thoracic surgery had been donc, were studied.The electrocardiographic evidence of right ventricular hypertrophy was found to be 8. 9 percent in the non-surgical group. and 1. 8 percent in the thoracic surgcry group.Postoperative changes of the electric axis. electrical position of the heart, transitional zone of the QRS complex, T waves, and P waves were related to a shift or rotation of the heart and the mediastinum following surgery.
Morbidity rates of tuberculosis contacts and the factors concerned
Authors: Lee Hyo Keun , Ham Sung Suk , Park Sung Ok , Park Sun Ja , Choi Yong Ok , Lee Ki Yong , Hong Jin Keun
Published: March 2022

INTRODUCTIONIt is estimated that there are approximately 500,000 patients with active pulmonarytuberculosis and less than 4,000 sanatorium beds in Korea(7). Therefore. the majority of patients including those who are infections remain at home and come to the clinic for drugs and X-rays.The importance of contact examination in tuberculosis has been recognized formany years. It is probable that the first organized scheme for the examination of contacts was in Edinburgh in 1887( 1).Attempts were made to diagnose the disease at an early stage and to institute treatment. The importance of contact examination and of the increased tuberculo3is morbidity among contacts was stressed by various authors(2 ,3). The purpose of this study is to present the morbidity rates of tuberculosis contacts and to find factors which influence it. lt is also felt that this study might give us valuable information as to the most useful methods in the control of the disease.RESULTS1. A total of 900 index case3 were registered at Chest Clinic in Severance, Red Cross, Seoul City Dongboo, Joongboo and Seoul City Yong Dung Po Hospitals in 1959. Of these index cases there were 3, 526 household contacts.2. Among these contacts 3,002, or 85.2%, were X-rayed and 357, or 11.9%, were found to have active pulmonary tuberculosis.3. The attendance was lower in the older age groups and children under ten years of age. The attendance was slightly better for female than for male contacts.4. Morbidity rates are closely related to the age, sex, extent of disease, bacteriologic status of source cases and relationship to their source cases and also according to whether they live in the same or a different room.5. The morbidity rate varies considerably accoding to the age and sex of the contacts.6. In primary tuberculosis parents were the main souκe of the infection.7. There was a considerable number of hidden source cases among the older age groups of contacts.8. The examination of contacts is the most effective way to find active cases, to make an early diagnosis and to institute treatment.
On Basal Metabolism Rate (BMR) in Tuberculous pleuropulmonary Diseases
Authors: Choe Hong Du , Park Hi Myong
Published: March 2022

There has been no general consensus as to basal metabolism rate(BMR)in tuberculous pleuropulmonary diseases although many reports on the subject have appeared in the medical literature. Furthermore, no extensive studies are availaÞle on BMR in patients with pleural diseases and in those receiving antituberculous chemotherapy.The author determined BMR in 225 cases of tuberculous pleuropulmonary diseases, all of whom except for a few cases with fibrothorax were under chemotherapy for various length of time in various combinations. The results revealed marked individual variations regardless of extent and type of the disease process. However, in the majority of cases BMR fell between 土 15%, and mean values in minimal and moderately advanced tuberculous and pleural diseases were found close to 0%. ln far advanced tuberculosis, on the contrary, mean value was +10.4% which is significantly higher than that of other groups of patients It was concluded that BMR is within normal range in most of cases with tuberculous pleuropulmonary diseases, but elevated values were more frequently found in far advanced pulmonary tuberculosis.
A Follow-up of Tuherculous Meningitis in Adults
Authors: Kim Kyung Sik , Min Duk Sung
Published: March 2022

This study is based on data from the 63 cases of tuberculous meningitis treated by the authors during the past seven years. Tuberculous meningitis was found to be more frequent in women especially about the age of twenty. The combined mostly triple chemotherapy using large dosage of INH was continued for 6 to 18 months or more.In some cases cortisone or prednisolone was also used. The effects of chemotherapy were excellent in most cases. Early treatment was important, but late treatment also resulted frequently in good effects. As the complications pulmonary tuberculosis, miliary tuberculosis and paralysis of the ocular muscles were observed very often. As the sequelae hearing disturbance, deterioration of the memory and atrophy of the optic nerve were observed occasionally.
The Mass X-Ray Survey of the Hospital Patients
Authors: Shou Sin Won , Shin Soong Woo , Lee Chan Sae
Published: March 2022

1. The author reviewed the results of a mass X-ray survey by 70mm Odelca photofluorography conducted with an assistance of Ministry of Health on the subjects of 8,733 outpatients of Pusan University Hospital for 9 months period from January 1961 to September 1961. 2. The low rate of participation on this program seemed to be due to the lack of understanding on the patient's side as well as the inadequate information given by the hospital. However, it was relatively higher among the patients of internal medicine with a rate of 44% and the patients of pediatrics with a rate of 37%. The lowest one was 4% in dental patients, 8% to 9% in E.N.T. Eye, Urology and Dermatology patients. Judging from these phenomenon the most influential factor on the rate of participation would be the feeling of necessity by the patients lives. However, the rates of the anomalous findings were well paralleled with the rates of participation and the subjective feelings of the patients seemed to be also undeniable.3. The discovery rate of pulmonary tuberculosis was 13.4% overall and it was 2 to 6 times higher than the rates found by the mass survey of general populations, schools and others. From this fat it could be a very effective measure to include the hospital patients as one of the important subjects for mass X-ray.4. The classifications of this pulmonary tuberculosis were 33.3% minimal, 28% of moderately advanced, 38.7% of far advanced. The sputum examinations have done only by direct or concentration smear method except few cases of culture, from 400 patients among 1,900 patients with a pathologic chest X-ray, revealed the positive results of 28.8% for Acid Fast Bacilli and 2.7% for Paragonimus ova.5. The majority age group of the participations and the patients revealed pulmonary tuberculosis was between 20 and 30 years old. However, the relative rates of discovery of the tuberculosis showed a gradual increase toward the older age groups. The sex ratio was about 2 times higher in the male than the female.
The Lung Microenvironment Instructs Gene Transcription in Neonatal and Adult Alveolar Macrophages
Authors: Honda Asami , Hoeksema Marten A , Sakai Mashito , Lund Sean J , Lakhdari Omar , Butcher Lindsay D , Rambaldo Tara C , Sekiya Neal M , Nasamran Chanond A , Fisch Kathleen M , Sajti Eniko , Glass Christopher K , Prince Lawrence S
Published: March 2022

Immaturity of alveolar macrophages (AMs) around birth contributes to the susceptibility of newborns to lung disease. However, the molecular features differentiating neonatal and mature, adult AMs are poorly understood. In this study, we identify the unique transcriptomes and enhancer landscapes of neonatal and adult AMs in mice. Although the core AM signature was similar, murine adult AMs expressed higher levels of genes involved in lipid metabolism, whereas neonatal AMs expressed a largely proinflammatory gene profile. Open enhancer regions identified by an assay for transposase-accessible chromatin followed by high-throughput sequencing (ATAC-seq) contained motifs for nuclear receptors, MITF, and STAT in adult AMs and AP-1 and NF-κB in neonatal AMs. Intranasal LPS activated a similar innate immune response in both neonatal and adult mice, with higher basal expression of inflammatory genes in neonates. The lung microenvironment drove many of the distinguishing gene expression and open chromatin characteristics of neonatal and adult AMs. Neonatal mouse AMs retained high expression of some proinflammatory genes, suggesting that the differences in neonatal AMs result from both inherent cell properties and environmental influences.
Korean healthcare providers’ attitude, knowledge, and behaviors regarding sexual orientation and gender identity: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: An YunHui , Chung ChaeWeon
Published: March 2022

Purpose: This study investigated Korean healthcare providers’ attitudes toward sexual and gender minority (SGM) persons and their knowledge and behavior concerning the collection of data on sexual orientation and gender identity (SO/GI). Methods: In this cross-sectional, descriptive study, 137 Korean healthcare providers were recruited through convenience sampling from internet communities for medical professionals. A structured questionnaire was created using Google Surveys. The Mann-Whitney U-test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Spearman correlation analysis were performed.Results: Healthcare providers had overall negative attitudes toward SGM persons and low levels of knowledge and behavior with regard to the collection of patients’ SO/GI data. Participants in their 20s, who were religious, and had clinical experiences in treating or providing nursing care for SGM persons had higher levels of knowledge about the collection of SO/GI data. The level of engagement in collecting SO/GI data was higher among women and in their 20s and 30s, unreligious participants, nurses, and those with less than 10 years of clinical experience. Positive attitudes toward SGM persons were associated with higher levels of knowledge, but lower levels of behavior, regarding the collection of SO/GI data.Conclusion: It is important to recognize the diversity of patients’ SO/GI and to collect the corresponding information. To this end, it is necessary to develop and use a standardized SO/GI form. Healthcare providers should also receive education and training related to the health of SGM persons to resolve health problems that disproportionately affect SGM persons and related health disparities.
Anomalous segmental pulmonary vein: additional V6 behind the bronchus intermedius draining into the superior pulmonary vein
Authors: Amore Dario , Muto Emanuele , Caterino Umberto , Casazza Dino , Saglia Alessandro , Imitazione Pasquale , Curcio Carlo
Published: March 2022

Anatomical variations of pulmonary venous drainage have been widely described in the literature in order to perform safe thoracic surgical procedures. We report a case of anomalous vein from the superior segment of the right lower lobe running in the posterior mediastinum and draining into the superior pulmonary vein. As the patient showed a usual right inferior pulmonary vein, formed by the union of the superior segment right lower lobe vein (V6) and the common basal vein joining the left atrium, the uncommon segmental pulmonary vein described was named: additional V6. It was identified preoperatively and recognized intraoperatively during thoracoscopic right lower lobectomy and lymph node dissection performed for lung cancer treatment. Diagnostic imaging and careful surgical dissection are helpful tools to avoid intraoperative bleeding and other complications during thoracic surgical procedures due to unrecognized vascular anomalies.
Emergency Thoracotomy for Congenital Lobar Emphysema – Anesthesiology Concerns
Authors: Rajagopalan Muthukumar
Published: March 2022

Congenital lobar emphysema (CLE) is a rare malformation of lungs, which presents usually in neonatal period or infancy as acute hypoxia and respiratory distress. It is characterized by the lobar over aeration of the normal lung followed by respiratory distress due to partial obstruction of bronchus by ball-valve effect. We would like to present the case of a 3-month-old female preterm (31 weeks) baby who presented to our neonatal intensive care unit with respiratory distress for 1 day. The baby was diagnosed with left-sided CLE having severe mediastinal shift to the right side and a dextroposition heart. Her venous blood gas showed PaCO2 of 70 mmHg and SpO2 of 70% with 15 L high-flow nasal oxygen. We would like to highlight the anesthesia techniques of airway management and ventilation during the critical period of induction till thoracotomy and exteriorizing the emphysematous lobe.
An In vitro Study on the Protective Effect of Melatonin on Human Sperm Parameters Treated by Cadmium
Authors: Amirjannaty Sekineh , Gashti Nasrin Ghanami , Mojtahedi Ali , Ashouri Asieh , Bahadori Mohammad Hadi
Published: March 2022

Background:

Male infertility account for nearly 50% of infertility cases. Cadmium is regarded as a well-known toxic metal for industrial applications; high amounts of cadmium in the human body can result in chronic toxicity. Melatonin as a free radical scavenger has anti-inflammatory, and even anti-cancer and antiapoptotic functions.

Aim:

In this work, we evaluated the protective effect of melatonin on human sperm parameters treated by cadmium.

Study Setting and Design:

This was an experimental study carried out from May to December 2019.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 41 fresh semen samples were collected from fertile men and were divided into 4 groups: (1) control, (2) sperm +25 Nm cd, (3) sperm +25 nM cd +0.1 mM melatonin,(4) sperm +0.1 mM melatonin treated for 60 min. In all groups, semen analysis was performed for motility, viability and DNA fragmentation index (DFI).

Statistical Analysis:

The groups were compared using the ANOVA test.

Results:

The group treated with cadmium showed a significant decrease in rapid and slow motility, and survival rate compared with the control group (P < 0.05). However, the degree of DFI and sperm with non-progressive motility in the group treated with cadmium had a significant increase compared to the control (P < 0.05). The use of melatonin significantly improved sperm parameters such as motility, survival rate and decreased sperm DFI with non-progressive motility.

Conclusions:

The use of melatonin reduces the amount of cadmium damage in human sperm in vitro.
What is the Optimal Body Mass Index Range for Older Adults?
Authors: Kıskaç Muharrem , Soysal Pinar , Smith Lee , Capar Emre , Zorlu Mehmet
Published: March 2022

Background: Obesity is pathophysiologically complex in older adults compared to that in young and middle-aged adults. The aim of the present study was to determine the appropriate body mass index (BMI) range based on geriatric evaluation parameters in which complications can be minimized in older adults. Methods: A total of 1,051 older adult patients who underwent comprehensive geriatric assessment were included. The patients’ demographic characteristics, comorbid diseases, number of drugs, BMI, basic and instrumental activities of daily living (BADL and IADL), Tinetti balance and walking scale, Mini Nutritional Assessment, Geriatric Depression Scale-15, Mini-Mental State Examination, Time Up and Go test, and handgrip strength measurement were extracted from patient records.Results: Of the patients who took part, 73% were female, and the mean age was 77.22±7.10 years. The most negative results were observed in those with a BMI <25 kg/m2 and in those with a BMI >35 kg/m2. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis of the optimum BMI cutoff levels to detect the desirable values of geriatric assessment parameters was found to be 31–32 and 27–28 kg/m2 for female and male, respectively.Conclusion: Older adults with BMI <25 and >35 kg/m2 were at a higher risk of a decrease in functional capacity, and experienced gait and balance problems, fall risk, decrease in muscle strength, and malnutrition. Data from this study suggest that the optimum range of BMI levels for older adults is 31–32 and 27–28 kg/m2 for female and male, respectively.
Performance and Activity Characteristics of Zero Emission Battery-Electric Cargo Handling Equipment at a Port Terminal
Authors: Frederickson Chas , Durbin Tom , Li Chengguo , Ma Tianyi , Scora George , Jung Heejung , Johnson Kent , Huang Eddy
Published: March 2022

Goods movement and port related activities are a significant source of emissions in many large urban areas. Electrification of diesel cargo handling equipment is one method of reducing community exposure to these emissions, that also provides the potential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. This study evaluated the performance of several pieces of zero emission cargo transfer equipment for a demonstration conducted at two terminal locations at the Port of Long Beach (POLB). This included the data logging of three battery-electric top handlers and one battery-electric yard tractor, as well as two baseline diesel top handlers and one diesel yard tractor. The battery-electric equipment typically operated about 5 hours per day, while using between 34 to 50% of the battery pack state of charge (SOC). In general, the battery-electric equipment was able to provide comparable hours of operation to the diesel equipment over a typical 8-hour shift. The electrical top handlers and the electric yard tractor were equipped with 931 and 220 kWh batteries, respectively. Over the same period of operation, the battery-electric equipment provided considerable benefits in total energy consumption, using on average 66.9 and 56.9 kWh/hr for the top handlers at the main terminal location for their use. The diesel top handlers at terminal 1 averaged 204.8 and 139.1 kWh/hr. The electric yard tractor at terminal 2 on average used 15.2 kWh/hr while the diesel counterpart used 65.9 kWh/hr. The results suggest that the deployment of battery-electric equipment in port cargo handling operations could provide considerable benefits in terms of emissions reductions and energy consumption. The results also indicate that performance monitoring of the equipment as it is deployed will provide important feedback about the effectiveness of battery-electric equipment in different applications, which can be used to improve the designs of future generations of battery-electric equipment.
Multi-Objective Optimization Study on Ligament Characteristics of Neck Finite Element Model
Authors: Yang Shuaijun , Song Xuewei , Wang Peng , Wang Nan
Published: March 2022

This paper proposes a new method to improve the fit between the neck finite element calculation results and the experimental data through multi-objective optimization of cervical ligament parameters. By refining a previously established finite element model of the neck and improving the fineness of vertebrae and other structures, a new finite element model of the neck was established. The new model adopts the same material property parameters as the previous model. We performed many simulation calculations, each time only one ligament in the model was removed, leaving other structures unchanged. By observing the changes in the angle of the neck joints in the neck torsion experiment of the model before and after the ligament was removed, the influence of the ligament on the model was obtained. The six ligaments with the largest contribution are selected, and their laxity is optimized for multi-objective research, and the optimal solution for the laxity of the selected ligaments is obtained. The optimized ligament relaxation parameters are applied to the neck model to verify the effectiveness of the Panjabi’s experiment. The calculated joint angle is in good agreement with the experimental data. Furthermore, using the forward flexion and extension motion angles of Nightingale et al. 2007 model to simulate and verify the present model, the calculated value is basically consistent with the experimental value. In order to further verify the effectiveness of the established neck model, the head and neck drop experiment, the front collision and rear collision experiment of the volunteer trolley were used for simulation verification. The results show that the calculated values of head centroid displacement, acceleration, and head rotation angle fit well with the experimental values.
Incidence, severity and distribution of yellow leaf curl disease of tomato in Kenya
Authors: Avedi E.K. , Adediji A.O. , Kilalo D.C. , Olubayo F.M. , Macharia I.
Published: March 2022

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is an important fruiting vegetable grown in Kenya because of its commercial and high nutritional value. Viruses are a major constraint to tomato production in tropics and sub tropics, eliciting symptoms like stunting, leaf mosaic, distortion, chlorosis, mottling, and vein clearing similar to those caused by abiotic factors. Although begomoviruses are known to cause tomato yellow leaf curl disease (TYLCD) in Kenya, there is limited knowledge on the disease status in tomato fields. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence and distribution of TYLCD in Kenya using the double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) technique. A survey was carried out in eight major tomato growing regions (259 fields) in Kenya during September to December, 2018. Presence of tomato yellow leaf curl virus was further confirmed using DAS–ELISA. The disease was present across all the counties surveyed and its prevalence, incidences and severity varied across the counties and among the fields. The mean TYLCD prevalence ranged from 19.5% in Bungoma County, to 64% in Kwale County. There was significant difference (P<0.05) in disease incidences among the varieties sampled and the incidence was lower in plants grown from hybrids seed compared to conventional varieties. Mean disease severity was significant (P<0.05) and ranged from 0.18 to 2.20. Most farmers planted non-hybrid seeds. There is need for further determination of the diversity of begomoviruses infecting tomato using other techniques to provide more information towards breeding TYLCD-resistant tomato varieties.