bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THEORETICAL VIEWS ON THE ORGANIZATION OF LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT
Authors:   Republic of Uzbekistan, qualification MIA, senior teacher, lieutenant colonel, Uzbekistan, Kendjayev Djasur
Published: August 2024

This article shows the socio-political component of local self-government, its socio-political nature, as well as specific views related to its organization, the principles underlying its development. It is also explained that local self-government bodies are the main social institutions for performing comprehensive tasks of local importance, ensuring socio-economic, cultural-educational needs and legal interests of the members of this area.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF AN INTEGRATED APPROACH TO TEACHING WRITING SKILLS IN FOREIGN LANGUAGES: A COMPREHENSIVE LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors:   PhD Student, Uzbekistan State World Languages University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, Radjabova Mukhtasar
Published: August 2024

This study examined the efficacy of an integrated method for teaching writing skills in foreign languages. The hypothesis suggests that an integrated method is superior to traditional methods in fostering language acquisition and development. A comprehensive literature review was performed utilizing scientific literature analysis and analytical-synthetic methods to assess the existing research on the effectiveness of integrated writing instruction. According to the findings, providing integrated writing instruction demonstrates substantial progress in writing proficiency, grammar, vocabulary acquisition, and comprehensive language development, particularly in the context of teaching Arabic as a foreign language (AFL) at the tertiary level. Moreover, integrated writing instruction encourages a more holistic and communicative approach to language learning by engaging students in authentic writing tasks and developing their skills in meaningful contexts. The potential benefits of incorporating technology and multimedia resources into integrated writing instruction are also discussed, as these tools can enhance learning experience and facilitate language development. However, the effectiveness of integrated writing instruction may vary depending on the specific context and needs of the learners, and some studies suggest that it may not be as effective for all learners or situations. Further research is needed to understand these variations and to develop more targeted instructional approaches. The findings of this review article provide strong evidence of the effectiveness of an integrated approach to teaching writing skills in foreign languages, highlighting its importance in meeting the evolving demands of language education in a globalized world. However, it is important to note that the effectiveness of integrated writing instruction may vary depending on the specific context and needs of learners. Some studies have found that integrated writing instruction may not be as effective for all learners or in all situations, and further research is needed to understand these variations and develop more targeted instructional approaches.
Differential effect of training impure tacts versus pure tacts plus intraverbal on the emergence of new verbal operants: A conceptual and methodological study
Authors: Maldonado Miguel A. , Lorca-Marín José Andrés , Velo-Ramírez María Sheila , Alós Francisco J.
Published: August 2024

The aim of this research was to test the effect of training impure tact versus pure tact and intraverbals on the emergence of new verbal operants (impure tacts), thus establishing a conceptual and methodological differentiation on these operants. This was done by varying the training order of intraverbal or impure tact to analyze and confirm whether or not impure tact is the mere sum of pure tact plus intraverbal and therefore has different functions and consequences in learning. An experiment was conducted with 30 participants randomly assigned to three groups. In Group 1, pure tact plus intraverbal and then impure tact were trained. In Group 3 the training order of these operants was counterbalanced. Group 2 was the control group, training only pure tact plus intraverbal. After the training phases, the emergence of impure tacts was tested. The results of this research indicate that the training of impure tacts favors the emergence of new impure tacts to a greater extent than the training of pure tact plus intraverbal and that they therefore have different functions. It is also shown that variation in the order of presentation of the type of training influences the subsequent emergence of new operants (impure tacts), so that creating a previous history of learning in impure tacts favors emergence even when the intraverbal alone is subsequently trained. This has important implications at both conceptual and methodological levels as it would contribute to the development of more effective language training technologies.
Filosofía de la educación en los entornos digitales
Authors: Ávila Parrales Ronny Antonio , Guerrero Alcívar Henry Antonio , Ávila Parrales Adolfo Bonifacio , Villacis Nazareno Adriana Verónica
Published: August 2024

El objetivo del artículo fue analizar la filosofía de la educación en los entornos digitales, en base a esta premisa la estrategia metodológica se fundamentó en la exploración de literatura científica y en la consulta de repositorios de revistas y universidades. Además, se utilizó el método cuantitativo que incluyó la aplicación de encuestas a una muestra representativa de 137 estudiantes de primer semestre que cursan la asignatura de Filosofía en la carrera de Educación de la Universidad Estatal del Sur de Manabí. Entre los resultados destacados se obtuvo que la integración de entornos digitales en la educación se posiciona como un aspecto fundamental para potenciar el proceso de aprendizaje, con un 69,9% de los encuestados totalmente de acuerdo y un 23,5% de acuerdo. A su vez, los entornos digitales se destacan por enriquecer la motivación y participación de los estudiantes, con un 49,3% totalmente de acuerdo y un 39,7% de acuerdo. En complemento, la inclusión de la tecnología en la educación, se percibe como un factor clave para ampliar las posibilidades de inclusión educativa, con un 52,9% totalmente de acuerdo y un 37,5% de acuerdo. La principal conclusión es que la inclusión de la filosofía de la educación en entornos digitales promueve la autonomía del estudiante, respaldada por el 41,2% de los encuestados que están totalmente de acuerdo y el 47,8% que están de acuerdo. Esto sugiere que la personalización del aprendizaje en entornos digitales puede empoderar a los estudiantes para asumir un rol activo en su educación y desarrollo.
Pemanfaatan Data Side Scan Sonar untuk Identifikasi Sedimen Dasar Laut (Studi Kasus Perairan Pesisir Lingga)
Authors: SANTOSA YOYOK NURKARYA , Amirudin Mohammad , Handoko Dadang , Putra I Wayan Sumardana Eka
Published: August 2024

Email: yoyoknurkaya@gmail.com
 
ABSTRAK
 
Teknologi Side Scan Sonar (SSS) telah menjadi alat penting dalam eksplorasi bawah laut, terutama untuk pemetaan dasar laut, identifikasi objek bawah air, dan survei arkeologi maritim. Teknologi ini bekerja dengan memancarkan gelombang suara ke samping dari kapal atau platform bawah laut, kemudian menangkap pantulan gelombang suara untuk menghasilkan gambar dua dimensi dari permukaan dasar laut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi keefektifan penggunaan SSS dalam pemetaan dasar laut. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis sedimen yang ada di dasar laut. Pemrosesan data SSS dilakukan menggunakan koreksi geometrik dan koreksi radiometrik. Lokasi penelitian berada di sekitar Perairan Lingga menggunakan instrumen Side Scan Sonar C-MAX CM2 dengan frekuensi 325 kHz. Pengolahan data menggunakan software SonarWiz 7, XtfTosegy, Seisee dan Matlab sehingga menampilkan grafik yang dapat menunjukan nilai amplitudo dari target yang terdeteksi pada 10 titik sampling sedimen dasar laut. Hasil pengolahan dan klasifikasi sedimen dari 10 titik tersebut terbagi menjadi 4 jenis sedimen antara lain: karang, kerikil pasiran, pasir, dan pasir kerikilan. Masing – masing jenis sedimen memiliki rentang nilai amplitudo sebesar 24920 - 32384 mV (karang); 27776 mV (kerikil pasiran); 20224 - 27520 mV (pasir); dan 23168 - 31744 mV (pasir kerikilan) dengan konversi amplitudo menjadi nilai hambur balik sebesar -1 s.d. -0.03 dB; -1.37 dB; -4.12 s.d. -1.45 dB; dan -2.94 sd -0.21dB.Pemanfaatan data SSS dapat menjadi alterntif untuk mengidentifikasi jenis sedimen pada kegiatan survei dan pemetaan hidro-osenaografi.
Distribusi Nitrat di Perairan Selat Sunda
Authors: Nurjumanis Amanda , Pranowo Widodo Setiyo , Setiyadi Johar , Sumardana I Wayan Eka , Sunaryo Sunaryo
Published: August 2024

Nitrat (NO­3) adalah bentuk utama dalam nitrogen di perairan alami dan zat hara yang penting bagi pertumbuhan tanaman dan alga. Nitrat nitrogen sangat mudah larut di dalam air dan bersifat stabil. Senyawa ini akan dihasilkan dari proses oksidasi yang sempurna di perairan. Senyawa ini didapatkan dari proses oksidasi yang sempurna pada perairan. Nitrifikasi merupakan proses oksidasi amonia menjadi nitrit dan nitrat dengan bantuan mikroorganisme yang penting dalam siklus nitrogen dan akan terjadinya pada kondisi aerob. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan mulai tanggal 9 – 27 Januari 2023. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui distribusi nitrat di Selat Sunda dan mengetahui hubungan nitrat dan arus di Perairan Selat Sunda. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah mengolah data menggunakan ODV (Ocean Data View). Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui hubungan nitrat dengan arus, mendapatkan pola sebaran arus dan nitrat di Selat Sunda yang adanya perubahan kecepatan arus yang kompleks disebabkan dari gaya Coriolis. Kandungan nitrat di Selat Sunda mengalami penurunan dan kenaikan kadar nitrat. Nilai konsentrasi akan terus menurun apabila semakin menjauhi perairan sehingga menghasilkan suplai nitrat yang sedikit.
Karakter Oksigen (O₂) Terlarut di Perairan Selat Madura Tahun 2022
Authors: Wahyu Inge Eka Nur , Prasita Viv Djanat , Pranowo Widodo Setiyo
Published: August 2024

Selat Madura adalah perairan laut yang terletak di antara Pulau Jawa dan Pulau Madura di Indonesia. Letaknya strategis karena menghubungkan Laut Utara Jawa Timur dengan Laut Bali di sisi timur selat. Oksigen terlarut (DO) adalah oksigen (O2) yang terlarut dalam air laut. Oksigen terlarut dalam air sama halnya dengan tekanan parsial O2 di atmosfer. Selat Madura salah satu wilayah penangkapan ikan (fishing ground) komoditas pelagis besar maupun komoditas ikan pelagis kecil. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kadar oksigen terlarut pada Selat Madura selama Januari, April, Juli dan Oktober 2022. Penelitian ini menggunakan datasets yang diunduh dari CMEMS Marine copernicus dengan produk data yang diambil adalah dari arsip Global Ocean Blogeochemistry Hindcast. Penelitian ini menemukan informasi bahwa pada puncak musim barat (Januari) rata-rata kadar oksigen 8 mg/L, pada musim peralihan 1 (April) rata-rata kadar oksigen 9 mg/L, pada puncak musim timur (Juli) rata-rata kadar oksigen 9 mg/L dan pada musim peralihan 2 (Oktober) rata-rata kadar oksigen 7 mg/L. Jadi perairan di Selat Madura berdasarkan kondisi kandungan oksigen terlarut pada tahun 2022 dapat dikategorikan sebagai perairan yang sangat teroksigenasi, dimaan perairan di Selat Madura mengindikasikan bahwa lingkungan sangat mendukung kehidupan organisme laut yang membutuhkan oksigen untuk bernapas dan melakukan fungsi fisiologis biota laut dengan optimal. Kadar oksigen yang tinggi di laut sangat penting untuk menjaga ekosistem laut yang sehat dan beragam.
Perbandingan Metode ARIMA dan SARIMA Dalam Peramalan Jumlah Penumpang Bandara Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung
Authors: Febiola Aulia , Dewi Amelia , Fazarin Fatia Maura , Ramadhani Fitri , Khaffi Muhammad Akbar , Akbar Ridho , Dalimunthe Desy Yuliana
Published: August 2024

One of the transportation that is often used by people in Bangka Belitung to travel outside the area is airplanes. Judging from the data on the number of passengers at two airports in the Bangka Belitung Islands Province, the highest number of airplane passengers departing outside the region in April 2023 was 88,511 people. If there isan excessive increase in the number of passengers, it will have an impact on the quality of airport service levels and disrupt the stability of flight traffic. The purpose of this study is to compare the results of forecasting the number of passengers at the airport of Bangka Belitung Islands Province for the future period using the ARIMA and SARIMA methods. Based on the results of the analysis, the best method to forecast the number of passengers at the Bangka Belitung Islands Provincial Airport is the ARIMA method with the best model, namely ARIMA (0,1,1). In general, the results of forecasting the number of passengers at the Bangka Belitung Islands Provincial Airport from May 2024 to April 2026 will increase the number of passengers continuously until April 2026.
Implementasi CNN-BiLSTM untuk Prediksi Harga Saham Bank Syariah di Indonesia
Authors: Mushliha Mushliha
Published: August 2024

Stock price forecasting plays a crucial role in stock investment. Accuracy in predicting stock prices can provide significant financial benefits and help reduce investment risks. Stock price data are time series with high-frequency characteristics, non-linearity, and long memory, which makes stock price prediction a complex challenge. This research proposes a method for predicting the stock prices of Islamic banks in Indonesia using CNN-BiLSTM. This method aims to improve prediction accuracy by utilizing the feature extraction capabilities of CNN and the ability of BiLSTM to understand the temporal sequences of stock data. The data used in this research are the closing stock prices of Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI), Bank Tabungan Pensiunan Negara Syariah (BTPN Syariah), and Bank Panin Dubai Syariah (PDSB) from January 2, 2020, to July 4, 2024. Testing these three stocks yielded MAPE values of 2.376%, 2.092%, and 0.629%, respectively. The study results show that the CNN-BiLSTM prediction model produced has very good accuracy in predicting stock prices.
Interview with Alexandra Almeida of Ecological Action Entrevista con Alexandra Almeida de Acción Ecológica (Ecuador)
Authors: Lyall Angus
Published: August 2024

Alexandra Almeida is in charge of oil affairs in the environmental organization Acción Ecológica, based in Quito, Ecuador. Her work of awareness and promotion of environmental resistance focuses on the Amazon basin of Ecuador. In this interview, she tells us about the activities of the organization together with indigenous peoples, her confrontations with the center-left government of Rafael Correa (2007-2017) in recent years and the expectations about extractivism and resistance against the new Government of Lenin Moreno. [Article copies available for a fee from The Transformative Studies Institute. E-mail address: journal@transformativestudies.org Website: http://www.transformativestudies.org ©2024 by The Transformative Studies Institute. All rights reserved.]
Hubungan Perilaku Bullying Dengan Kecerdasan Emosional Pada Remaja Di Smpn 17 Kota Jambi Tahun 2023
Authors: Nabila Tasya , Ekawaty Fadliyana , Mulyani Sri
Published: August 2024

Latar Belakang: Bullying merupakan fenomena yang marak terjadi di usia remaja dan kebanyakan terjadi di lingkungan sekolah di Indonesia maupun internasional. Rendahnya kecerdasan emosional mengakibatkan kurangnya kemampuan dalam mengontrol diri sehingga berkeinginan untuk mendominasi yang lemah dan yang menjadi korban melakukan bullying yang pernah diterimanya pada orang lain dengan tujuan membalaskan dendam mereka.  Hal ini disebabkan adanya pengaruh dalam perilaku bullying yang diterimanya sehingga kecerdasan emosionalnya terganggu dan mendorong seseorang untuk melakukan perilaku bullying. Tujuan: Diketahuinya hubungan antara perilaku bullying dengan kecerdasan emosional pada remaja di SMPN 17 Kota Jambi tahun 2023 Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian korelasional dengan metode kuantitatif dan menggunakan teknik analisis korelasi Spearman Rank. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 99 responden yang diambil dengan menggunakan metode proportional sampling. Hasil: Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara perilaku bullying dengan kecerdasan emosional pada remaja di SMPN 17 Kota Jambi. Hasil tersebut dibuktikan dengan perolehan nilai signifikansi nilai p-value sebesar 0,000 < 0,05 dan koefisien (r) sebesar -0,558. Kesimpulan: Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, terdapat adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara perilaku bullying dengan kecerdasan emosional pada remaja di SMPN 17 Kota Jambi.
Evaluation of Differences in Capacity of Nutrient Content Accumulation between two Ecotypes of Lotus (Nelumbo Nucifera) due to Environmental Difference in Tropical and Temperate Regions
Authors: Kumar Tenguria Rajesh , Kousar Zargar Parveen
Published: August 2024

Environmental fluctuations can amplify variations even in clonal plants. However, it is unclear whether these differences in environmental conditions can alter physiological activities of two different ecotypes of lotus. We intended to evaluate whether the difference in nutrient content accumulation capability between two ecotypes is different because of the different geographical distribution. The present study revealed us a substantial difference in capacity of nutrient accumulation of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) due to environmental difference in tropical and temperate zone. The moisture content of lotus in the tropical region was 8.25%, whereas the temperate region was 86.04%.Maintaining a low moisture content might extend the shelf life of the seed. Crude protein and crude fibres levels were found to be high in tropical lotus (24.4% and 3.15%, respectively) and low in temperate lotus (17.50% and 2.00%). Growth amplifying environmental conditions leads to increase in production of protein content. The tropical lotus has the largest crude lipid content (3.68%), whereas the temperate lotus had the lowest (1.90%).Because of the presence of big rhizomes in temperate lotus, the amount of Ash content produced (8.00%) was about double that of tropical lotus (4.03%). Overall, the tropical lotus ecotype had the highest nutrient content accumulation for crude protein, crude fibres and crude lipids. However, temperate lotus has the highest moisture and ash content.
Resurgence of Refined Topological Strings and Dual Partition Functions
Authors:   Universit&, Alexandrov Sergey ,   #233,   de Montpellier, France, Mariño Marcos ,   Université de Genève, Switzerland, Pioline Boris ,   Sorbonne Université, France
Published: August 2024

We study the resurgent structure of the refined topological string partition function on a non-compact Calabi-Yau threefold, at large orders in the string coupling constant $g_s$ and fixed refinement parameter $\mathsf{b}$. For $\mathsf{b}\neq 1$, the Borel transform admits two families of simple poles, corresponding to integral periods rescaled by $\mathsf{b}$ and $1/\mathsf{b}$. We show that the corresponding Stokes automorphism is expressed in terms of a generalization of the non-compact quantum dilogarithm, and we conjecture that the Stokes constants are determined by the refined Donaldson-Thomas invariants counting spin-$j$ BPS states. This jump in the refined topological string partition function is a special case (unit five-brane charge) of a more general transformation property of wave functions on quantum twisted tori introduced in earlier work by two of the authors. We show that this property follows from the transformation of a suitable refined dual partition function across BPS rays, defined by extending the Moyal star product to the realm of contact geometry.
Colorado Ultraviolet Transit Experiment Near-ultraviolet Transmission Spectroscopy of the Ultrahot Jupiter KELT-9b
Authors: Egan Arika , France Kevin , Sreejith Aickara Gopinathan , Fossati Luca , Koskinen Tommi , Fleming Brian , Nell Nicholas , Suresh Ambily , Cauley P. Wilson , Desert Jean-Michel , Petit Pascal , Vidotto Aline A.
Published: August 2024

We present new near-ultraviolet (NUV, λ = 2479–3306 Å) transmission spectroscopy of KELT-9b, the hottest known exoplanet, obtained with the Colorado Ultraviolet Transit Experiment CubeSat. Two transits were observed on 2022 September 28th and September 29th, referred to as Visits 1 and 2 respectively. Using a combined transit and systematics model for each visit, the best-fit broadband NUV light curves are R
p/R
⋆ = 0.136

−
0.0146

+
0.0125

for Visit 1 and R
p/R
⋆ = 0.111

−
0.0190

+
0.0162

for Visit 2, appearing an average of 1.54× larger in the NUV than at optical wavelengths. While the systematics between the two visits vary considerably, the two broadband NUV light curves are consistent with each other. A transmission spectrum with 25 Å bins suggests a general trend of excess absorption in the NUV, consistent with expectations for ultrahot Jupiters. Although we see an extended atmosphere in the NUV, the reduced data lack the sensitivity to probe individual spectral lines.
The Coherent Magnetic Field of the Milky Way
Authors: Unger Michael , Farrar Glennys R.
Published: August 2024

We present a suite of models of the coherent magnetic field of the Galaxy based on new divergence-free parametric functions describing the global structure of the field. The model parameters are fit to the latest full-sky Faraday rotation measures (RMs) of extragalactic sources and polarized synchrotron intensity (PI) maps from the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe and Planck. We employ multiple models for the density of thermal and cosmic-ray electrons in the Galaxy, needed to predict the sky maps of RMs and PI for a given Galactic magnetic field (GMF) model. The robustness of the inferred properties of the GMF is gauged by studying many combinations of parametric field models and electron density models. We determine the pitch angle of the local magnetic field (11° ± 1°), explore the evidence for a grand-design spiral coherent magnetic field (inconclusive), determine the strength of the toroidal and poloidal magnetic halo fields below and above the disk (magnitudes the same for both hemispheres within ≈10%), set constraints on the half-height of the cosmic-ray diffusion volume (≥2.9 kpc), investigate the compatibility of RM- and PI-derived magnetic field strengths (compatible under certain assumptions), and check if the toroidal halo field could be created by the shear of the poloidal halo field due to the differential rotation of the Galaxy (possibly). A set of eight models is identified to help quantify the present uncertainties in the coherent GMF spanning different functional forms, data products, and auxiliary input. We present the corresponding sky maps of rates for axion–photon conversion in the Galaxy and deflections of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays.
Multiwavelength Observations of Sgr A*. II. 2019 July 21 and 26
Authors: Michail Joseph M. , Yusef-Zadeh Farhad , Wardle Mark , Kunneriath Devaky , Hora Joseph L. , Bushouse Howard , Fazio Giovanni G. , Markoff Sera , Smith Howard A.
Published: August 2024

We report on the final two days of a multiwavelength campaign of Sgr A* observing in the radio, submillimeter, infrared (IR), and X-ray bands in 2019 July. Sgr A* was remarkably active, showing multiple flaring events across the electromagnetic spectrum. We detect a transient ∼35 minute periodicity feature in Spitzer light curves on 2019 July 21. Time-delayed emission was detected in Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array light curves, suggesting a hotspot within the accretion flow on a stable orbit. On the same night, we observe a decreased flux in the submillimeter light curve following an X-ray flare detected by Chandra, and we model the feature with an adiabatically expanding synchrotron hotspot occulting the accretion flow. The event is produced by a plasma 0.55 R
S in radius with an electron spectrum p = 2.84. It is threaded by a ∼130 Gauss magnetic field and expands at 0.6% the speed of light. Finally, we reveal an unambiguous flare in the IR, submillimeter, and radio, demonstrating that the variable emission is intrinsically linked. We jointly fit the radio and submillimeter light curves using an adiabatically expanding synchrotron hotspot and find it is produced by a plasma with an electron spectrum p = 0.59, 187 Gauss magnetic field, and radius 0.47 R
S that expands at 0.029c. In both cases, the uncertainty in the appropriate lower and upper electron energy bounds may inflate the derived equipartition field strengths by a factor of 2 or more. Our results confirm that both synchrotron- and adiabatic-cooling processes are involved in the variable emission’s evolution at submillimeter and IR wavelengths.
On the Determination of Stellar Mass and Binary Fraction of Open Clusters within 500 pc from the Sun
Authors: Jiang 蒋 Yueyue 悦悦 , Zhong 钟 Jing 靖 , Qin 秦 Songmei 松梅 , Tang 唐 Tong 通 , Chen 陈 Li 力 , Hou 侯 Jinliang 金良
Published: August 2024

We investigated the stellar mass function and the binary fraction of 114 nearby open clusters (OCs) using the high-precision photometric data from Gaia Data Release 3 (Gaia DR3). We estimated the mass of member stars by using a ridge line that is better in line with the observed color–magnitude diagram, thus obtaining more accurate stellar mass and binary mass ratio (q) at the low-mass region. By analyzing the present-day mass function (PDMF) of star clusters, we found that 108 OCs follow a two-stage power-law distribution, whereas six OCs present a single power-law PDMF. Subsequently, we fitted the high(low)-mass index of PDMF (

dN

/

dm
∝

m

−
α

), denoted as α
h(α
l), and segmentation point m
c. For our cluster sample, the median values of α
h and α
l are 2.65 and 0.95, respectively, which are approximately consistent with the initial mass function results provided by Kroupa. We utilized the cumulative radial number distribution of stars with different masses to quantify the degree of mass segregation. We found a significant positive correlation between the state of dynamical evolution and mass segregation in OCs. We also estimated the fraction of binary stars with q ≥ 0.5, ranging from 6% to 34% with a median of 17%. Finally, we provided a catalog of 114 nearby cluster properties, including the total mass, the binary fraction, the PDMF, and the dynamical state.
Dark Matter Distribution in Milky Way analog Galaxies
Authors: de Isídio Natanael G. , Menéndez-Delmestre K. , Gonçalves T. S. , Grossi M. , Rodrigues D. C. , Garavito-Camargo N. , Araujo-Carvalho A. , Beaklini P. P. B. , Cavalcante-Coelho Y. , Cortesi A. , Quiroga-Nuñez L. H. , Randriamampandry T.
Published: August 2024

Our current understanding of how dark matter (DM) is distributed within the Milky Way (MW) halo, particularly in the solar neighborhood, is based on either careful studies of the local stellar orbits, model assumptions on the global shape of the MW halo, or from direct acceleration measurements. In this work, we undertake a study of external galaxies, with the intent of providing insight into the DM distribution in MW-analog galaxies. For this, we carefully select a sample of galaxies similar to the MW, based on maximum atomic hydrogen (H i) rotational velocity (

v

max
,
H

I

=
200
–
280

km s−1) and morphological type (Sab–Sbc) criteria. With a need for deep, highly resolved H i, our resulting sample is composed of five galaxies from the VLA Imaging of Virgo in Atomic Gas (VIVA) survey and The H i Nearby Galaxy Survey (THINGS). To perform our baryonic analysis, we use deep mid-IR images at 3.6 and 4.5 μm from the Spitzer Survey of Stellar Structures in Galaxies (S4G). Based on the dynamical three-dimensional modeling software 3D-Based Analysis of Rotating Objects via Line Observations (3D-BAROLO), we construct rotation curves (RCs) and derive the gas and stellar contributions from the galaxy's gaseous and stellar disks' mass surface density profiles. Through a careful decomposition of their RCs into their baryonic (stars, gas) and DM components, we isolate the DM contribution by using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo-based approach. Based on the Sun's location and the MW’s R
25, we define the corresponding location of the solar neighborhood in these systems. We put forward a window for the DM density (ρ
dm = 0.21–0.55 GeV cm−3) at these galactocentric distances in our MW analog sample, consistent with the values found for the MW’s local DM density, based on more traditional approaches found in the literature.
Active Dwarf Galaxy Database. I. Overlap between Active Galactic Nuclei Selected by Different Techniques
Authors: Wasleske Erik J. , Baldassare Vivienne F.
Published: August 2024

We assemble a sample of 733 dwarf galaxies (M
* ≤ 109.5
M
⊙) with signatures of active galactic nuclei (AGN) and explore the intersection between different AGN-selection techniques. Objects in our database are compiled from previous studies that identify AGN in dwarf galaxies through spectroscopy, X-ray emission, infrared colors, and optical photometric variability. We apply a uniform set of AGN diagnostic tools to the database using archival data. We find that any single selection method captures no more than half of the overall AGN population, and there is a general disagreement among the AGN-selection methods in this stellar-mass regime. The largest overlap between methods is found when both methods use optical spectroscopic data. In contrast, the populations of AGN intersect the least when comparing those methods that use photometric data at different wavelengths. These results can be used to better constrain the active fraction in dwarf galaxies, which is in turn an important constraint for black hole seed formation models. In a follow-up paper, we will explore links between the effectiveness of each selection technique and host galaxy properties.
The Dynamics of Debris Disk Creation in Neutron Star Mergers
Authors: Zenati Yossef , Krolik Julian H. , Werneck Leonardo R. , Etienne Zachariah B. , Noble Scott C. , Murguia-Berthier Ariadna , Schnittman Jeremy D.
Published: August 2024

The detection of GW170817/AT2017gfo inaugurated an era of multimessenger astrophysics, in which gravitational-wave and multiwavelength photon observations complement one another to provide unique insight into astrophysical systems. A broad theoretical consensus exists, in which the photon phenomenology of neutron star mergers largely rests upon the evolution of the small amount of matter left on bound orbits around the black hole or massive neutron star remaining after the merger. Because this accretion disk is far from inflow equilibrium, its subsequent evolution depends very strongly on its initial state, yet very little is known about how this state is determined. Using both snapshot and tracer particle data from a numerical relativity/MHD simulation of an equal-mass neutron star merger that collapses to a black hole, we show how gravitational forces arising in a nonaxisymmetric, dynamical spacetime supplement hydrodynamical effects in shaping the initial structure of the bound debris disk. The work done by hydrodynamical forces is ∼10 times greater than that due to time-dependent gravity. Although gravitational torques prior to remnant relaxation are an order of magnitude larger than hydrodynamical torques, their intrinsic sign symmetry leads to strong cancellation; as a result, hydrodynamical and gravitational torques have a comparable effect. We also show that the debris disk’s initial specific angular momentum distribution is sharply peaked at roughly the specific angular momentum of the merged neutron star’s outer layers, a few r

g

c, and identify the regulating mechanism.
Unified Rapid Mass Transfer
Authors: Ivanova Natalia , Kundu Surjakanta , Pourmand Ali
Published: August 2024

We present a method to obtain rapid mass-loss rates in binary systems, specifically at the onset of mass transfer (MT) episodes. The method unifies atmospheric (underflow) and L
1 stream (overflow) mass rates in a single continuous procedure. The method uses averaged 3D properties of the binaries, such as effective binary potential and effective binary acceleration, to both evolve the donor and obtain properties of the matter at the L
1 plane. In the case of underflow, we obtain atmospheric stratification. Our method can be used for binaries with an extensive range of mass ratios, 0.01 ≤ q ≤ 100, and can also be applied to hot donors. The considered examples show that the MT rates obtained with this revised formalism always differ from the optically thin and optically thick MT rates widely used during the computations of binary evolution.
The Relation between Variances of 3D Density and Its 2D Column Density Revisited
Authors: Yoon Heesun , Cho Jungyeon
Published: August 2024

We revisit the relation between the variance of three-dimensional (3D) density (

σ

ρ

2

) and that of the projected two-dimensional (2D) column density (

σ

Σ

2

) in turbulent media, which is of great importance in obtaining turbulence properties from observations. Earlier studies showed that

σ

Σ

/

Σ

0

2

/

σ

ρ

/

ρ

0

2

=
R

, where Σ/Σ0 and ρ/ρ
0 are 2D column and 3D volume densities normalized by their mean values, respectively. The factor

R

depends only on the density spectrum for isotropic turbulence in a cloud that has similar dimensions along and perpendicular to the line of sight. Our major findings in this paper are as follows. First, we show that the factor

R

can be expressed in terms of N, the number of independent eddies along the line of sight. To be specific,

σ

Σ

/

Σ

0

2

/

σ

ρ

/

ρ

0

2

is proportional to ∼1/N due to the averaging effect arising from independent eddies along the line of sight. Second, we show that the factor

R

needs to be modified if the dimension of the cloud in the line-of-sight direction is different from that in the perpendicular direction. However, if we express

σ

Σ

/

Σ

0

2

/

σ

ρ

/

ρ

0

2

in terms of N, the expression remains same even in the case the cloud has different dimensions along and perpendicular to the line of sight. Third, when we plot

N

σ

Σ

/

Σ

0

2

against

σ

ρ

/

ρ

0

2

, two quantities roughly lie on a single curve regardless of the sonic Mach number, which implies that we can directly obtain the latter from the former. We discuss observational implications of our findings.
Modeling Transition Region Hot Loops on the Sun: The Necessity of Rapid, Complex Spatiotemporal Heating and Nonequilibrium Ionization
Authors: Bahauddin Shah Mohammad , Bradshaw Stephen J.
Published: August 2024

The study examines the heating profile of hot solar transition region loops, particularly focusing on transient brightenings observed in IRIS 1400 Å slit-jaw images. The findings challenge the adequacy of simplistic, singular heating mechanisms, revealing that the heating is temporally impulsive and requires a spatially complex profile with multiple heating scales. A forward-modeling code is utilized to generate synthetic Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) emission spectra of these loops based on HYDRAD model output, confirming that emitting ions are out of equilibrium. The modeling further indicates that density-dependent dielectronic recombination rates must be included to reproduce the observed line ratios. Collectively, this evidence substantiates that the loops are subject to impulsive heating and that the components of the transiently brightened plasma are driven far from thermal equilibrium. Heating events such as these are ubiquitous in the transition region, and the analysis described above provides a robust observational diagnostic tool for characterizing the plasma.
GRB 221009A/SN 2022xiw: A Supernova Obscured by a Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglow?
Authors: Kong De-Feng , Wang Xiang-Gao , Zheng WeiKang , Lü Hou-Jun , Xin L. P. , Lin Da-Bin , Cao Jia-Xin , Lu Ming-Xuan , Ren B. , Vidal Edgar P. , Wei J. Y. , Liang En-Wei , Filippenko Alexei V.
Published: August 2024

We present optical photometry for the afterglow of GRB 221009A, in some respects the most extraordinary gamma-ray burst (GRB) ever observed. Good quality in the R-band light curve is obtained, covering 0.32–19.57 days since the Fermi-Gamma-Ray Burst Monitor trigger. We find that a weak bump emerges from the declining afterglow at t ≈ 11 days; a supernova (SN) may be responsible. We use a smooth broken power-law and 56Ni model to fit the light curve. The best-fitting results reveal that the SN ejected a total mass of M
ej = 3.70 M
⊙, a 56Ni mass of M
Ni = 0.23 M
⊙, and a kinetic energy of

E

SN
,
K

=
2.35
×

10

52

erg

. We also compare GRB 221009A with other GRB–SN events based on a GRB-associated SN sample and find that only SN 2003lw and SN 2011kl can be obviously revealed in the afterglow of GRB 221009A by setting these objects at its distance. This suggests that a supernova (SN 2022xiw) is possibly obscured by the brighter afterglow emission from GRB 221009A.
Direct Evidence of the Hybrid Nature of Extreme-ultraviolet Waves and the Reflection of the Fast-mode Wave
Authors: Chandra Ramesh , Chen P. F. , Devi Pooja
Published: August 2024

We performed an analysis of the extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) wave event on 2022 March 31. The event originated from active region (AR) 12975 located at N13W52 in the field of view of the Atmospheric imaging Assembly (AIA) and exactly at the west limb viewed by the EUV Imager (EUVI) of the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory-Ahead (STEREO-A) satellite. The EUV wave was associated with an M9.6 class flare. The event was also well observed by Mauna Loa Solar Observatory and COR1 coronagraphs. We revealed here evident coexistence of two components of EUV waves in AIA as well as in EUVI images, i.e., a fast-mode wave and a nonwave, which was predicted by the EUV wave hybrid model. The speeds of the fast-mode and nonwave EUV wave components in AIA vary from ∼430 to 658 km s−1 and ∼157 to 205 km s−1, respectively. The computed speeds in STEREO-A for the fast-mode wave and nonwave components are ∼520 and ∼152 km s−1, respectively. Another wave emanated from the source AR and interacted with ambient coronal loops, showing evident reflection in the EUV images above the solar limb. The speed of the reflected wave in the plane of the sky is ∼175 km s−1. With the precise alignments, we found that the fast-mode EUV wave is just ahead of the coronal mass ejection (CME), and the nonwave component is cospatial with the frontal loop of the accompanied CME. The event also showed stationary fronts.
Choc culturel et identité
Authors: Cupsa Ioana , Treharne Murtiel
Published: August 2024

Le choc culturel implique un processus de changement profond sur le plan individuel comme sociétal lorsque d’importantes forces culturelles s’affrontent. Cet article étudie l’impact du choc culturel sur l’identité individuelle et invite à réfléchir aux implications sociales des rencontres entre cultures. L’auteure y décrit le cadre théorique de Paul Pedersen sur les stades du choc culturel, et l’illustre d’exemples tirés de sa propre expérience et professionnelle. Pour l’auteure, détenir plus d’informations sur le choc culturel et y être sensibilisé facilite le développement d’identités riches et inclusives, ce qui permet d’approfondir la connaissance de soi-même et du monde dynamique dans lequel nous vivons.
Qu’est-ce qu’un nom ? L’attribution d’un prénom, l’identité et la formation du scénario
Authors: Jagieła Jarosław , Gębuś Dorota , Brevière Rachel
Published: August 2024

Cet article traite de l’importance du prénom d’une personne en relation avec son scénario, en se concentrant spécifiquement sur la culture et le contexte polonais. Une enquête auprès de 90 étudiants universitaires âgés de 21 à 23 ans a révélé que la plupart d’entre eux pensaient que leur prénom avait été choisi de manière intentionnelle et qu’ils avaient une attitude positive à son égard. Les résultats ont également indiqué que, lorsque leurs parents s’adressaient à eux, les mères utilisaient plus souvent des diminutifs que les pères. En choisissant le prénom de leur enfant, la plupart des parents voulaient qu’il sonne bien et soit original, tandis que le deuxième prénom était souvent le même que celui d’un membre important de la famille. Les entretiens menés avec plusieurs étudiants ont confirmé l’existence d’un lien entre le nom et divers aspects du scénario.
« Le feu est à la cheminée qui brûlera le logis » la fin de la Ligue à Dijon (mars – mai 1595)
Authors: Hurion Maxime
Published: August 2024

La fin de la Ligue dijonnaise le 28 mai 1595 conclut une période trouble de deux mois au sein de la cité. Si depuis 1589, les ligueurs et les royalistes forment deux partis opposés, la reconquête de la Bourgogne par les troupes d'Henri IV fracture le camp ligueur à Dijon même. Cette situation est facilitée par l'absence du duc de Mayenne, chef de la Ligue et par le comportement des commandants militaires laissés sur place, qui inquiète les élites et la population. Il ne s'agit plus de la défense d'un camp politique, mais de la défense des privilèges de la ville et de ses intérêts. La population joue un rôle crucial en faisant pression sur les élites afin que la ville quitte le giron de la Ligue. Les dernières semaines de la Ligue dijonnaise nous sont décrites par le conseiller Gabriel Breunot dans son journal, ainsi que dans les registres de la Chambre de Ville. Au cours des dernières semaines, la Ligue est de plus en plus considérée comme un mouvement soumis à l'Espagne et qui fait planer la menace de garnisons, c'est-à-dire l'installation de troupes extérieures à la ville, dont chacun redoute le comportement.
Un exemple de la vigueur de la mainmorte bourguignonne tardive : l’affaire autour de la succession Moreau (1730-1740)
Authors: Bressan Thierry
Published: August 2024

Le long procès autour de la succession d’un riche « bourgeois de Paris » d’origine bourguignonne, l’homme d’affaires Jean-Guillaume Moreau, au cours des années 1730, d’abord devant le parlement de Paris puis devant le Conseil privé, révéla la permanence et l’ampleur d’un servage résiduel original dans certaines provinces du royaume : la condition mainmortable, dont l’épicentre était situé dans les deux Bourgognes (Duché et Comté). L’affaire Moreau, qui occupa toute une décennie, eut un retentissement important, d’autant qu’elle vit l’intervention active de la municipalité parisienne et des états provinciaux bourguignons. Elle s’acheva sur une nette victoire du camp seigneurial, consacrée par un arrêt d’août 1738, qui, repris aussitôt dans la plupart des ouvrages juridiques, consolida le conservatisme de la première moitié du siècle en la matière. Un conservatisme qui devait, cependant, assez rapidement se dissiper à partir des années 1760.
Mener campagne en prison, se faire élire pour en sortir ? Les usages judiciaires de la compétition électorale au sein du conflit catalan
Authors: Frasque Florent
Published: August 2024

Cet article se saisit de la coïncidence du procès des leaders indépendantistes catalans au Tribunal suprême espagnol et des élections générales et européennes de 2019, lors desquelles certains accusés sont candidats, pour traiter des relations entre les arènes politique et judiciaire. À partir d’une approche basée sur la mixité des méthodes, il est démontré que les partis indépendantistes profitent du procès de leurs leaders pour politiser la question (anti)répressive et en faire un enjeu de la lutte électorale, ce qui favorise le vote des citoyens catalans en leur faveur. En miroir du dévoilement de cet usage politique du droit , est ensuite établie l’existence d’ usages judiciaires de la compétition électorale , notamment autour du recours à l’immunité et la grâce. En pointant les escamotages successifs entre ces deux types d’usages et l’interchangeabilité des priorités des acteurs politiques, ce travail contribue à mettre en évidence la réciprocité des interactions entre droit et politique.
Une presse libre en contexte autoritaire ? Aide internationale et « démocratisation » par les médias en Jordanie
Authors: Mangon Simon
Published: August 2024

L’hypothèse centrale de cet article porte sur les appropriations stratégiques par le pouvoir politique jordanien de l’aide internationale destinée aux médias locaux. L’enquête me permet de montrer que des dispositifs de « démocratisation », visant à soutenir le pluralisme et la liberté de la presse, peuvent être acceptés, voire encouragés par un régime dit autoritaire, tout en étant intégrés à des modes de contrôle existants. Le cas des médias révèle la diversité des modes de légitimation du pouvoir hachémite, entre promesses de réformes « libérales » à destination des bailleurs internationaux, discours sur l’autonomie de la profession à l’égard des journalistes et encadrement réel de cette dernière justifié par des enjeux sécuritaires. Cet article repose sur des données récoltées entre 2018 et 2021 au cours d’entretiens (en arabe et en anglais) menés en Jordanie avec des représentants d’organisations internationales, des officiels jordaniens, des journalistes et des acteurs associatifs.
La mémoire comme ressource face à l’incertitude : les effets de l’encampement sur les Kurdes syriens réfugiés au Kurdistan irakien
Authors: Watelet Charlotte
Published: August 2024

À partir d’une ethnographie menée dans un camp de réfugiés kurdes syriens installé au Kurdistan d’Irak suite à l’éclatement de la guerre en Syrie, cet article analyse la manière dont l’encampement agit sur les exilés et réinscrit ces derniers dans une trajectoire de violence historique. Alors qu’ils se réfugient dans un environnement à première vue familier, les Kurdes syriens se retrouvent finalement dans une situation de marginalité qui fait rejaillir des années d’oppression et dévoile une condition de vulnérabilité éternelle. L’encampement est ainsi vécu comme une situation de domination historique, réhabilitant des mémoires de violence mobilisées comme un ressort de subjectivation collective. C’est à travers l’espace kurde que les exilés finissent par donner de l’intelligibilité à la rupture provoquée par la guerre en Syrie et qu’ils parviennent à intérioriser, voire élaborer le drame syrien.
L’ethnographie collaborative des méga-conférences. Une proposition méthodologique pour enquêter sur les évènements politiques « monstres »
Authors: Dumoulin Kervran David , Foyer Jean , CLIMACOP
Published: August 2024

L’article se présente comme un guide méthodologique ouvert pour promouvoir l’ethnographie collective des méga-conférences internationales. Il se divise en quatre parties. La première explore l’importance renouvelée des mega-events sur la scène internationale (type COP21, sommets du G20, conférences de l’ONU, etc.) et les défis méthodologiques spécifiques qu’ils posent aux chercheurs de sciences sociales. La seconde revient sur les généalogies intellectuelles de l’ethnographique collaborative des méga-évènements (ECE) et présente l’expérience des deux groupes qui ont ouvert la voie à cette approche. La troisième est un retour réflexif sur la façon dont l’équipe des auteurs a elle-même utilisé l’ethnographie collaborative des méga-évènements dans le cadre d’un projet de recherche sur la COP21 ; les différentes séquences de ce travail sont présentées et discutées. La dernière partie illustre comment cette approche permet d’observer l’ordre mondial en « train de se faire » à travers des performances, des phénomènes de sélection-exclusion et des traductions.