SCIENTIFIC SUBSTANTIATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN TECHNOLOGY IN CULTURE OF GRAPEVINE PLANTING
Authors:   National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, Ukraine, Zelenyanskaya Natalya 
Published: May 2022

This work is devoted to the development of technological methods for the production of grafted grape seedlings, which are based on new scientific developments and contribute to an increase in the yield of standard seedlings. For the production of grafted grape seedlings, we, for the first time, studied the effect of new biologically active complex preparations Radifarm, Bioglobin, Kornevin, Ukorenitel, Charkor, El–1, Potassium humate, Ecoorganics and Rost-concentrate at the technological stages – soaking of components and rooting of grafts. It has been established that their use has contributed to the intensive formation of circular callus on copulatory cuts of grafting components, active formation, and root growth of cuttings, grafts, and annual grape seedlings. The survival rate of grapes grafts treated with preparations in the open ground nursery exceeded the control indicator by 11.2–12.5%. For the successful rooting of grape grafts in the open ground nursery, we first investigated the effect of soil mulching with polymeric materials of various types on the parameters of the temperature and water regime, the indicators of the main physiological and biochemical processes in the leaf tissues, and the agrobiological indicators of the development of grafted seedlings. It has been established that a combined black-and-white film with a thickness of 30 microns is optimal. For the first time, scientific substantiation of the use of new materials (waxes and photodestructible films) was carried out to preserve water in the tissues of grafts at different technological stages and stimulation the development of callus tissue. To stimulate the development of callus tissue before stratification grafts, it is recommended to use waxes Proagrivax Hormone, Proagrivax White, Ant-002-7C, and Ant-001-6, Proagrivax Orange, Proagrivax Mediterranean, Ant-002-7 – before planting cuttings in the nursery. These materials ensured water retention in the apical parts of grafts at the level of 51.6 – 54.2% with 47.2% in the control 30 days after planting the grafts in the nursery. The use of photodegradable films «Buddy Tapе», «Medifilm», «Professional Grafting Tape» to protect the apical parts grafts from drying out, provided the yield of grafts with circular callus at the level of 80.0–90.0% with 70.0% in control, preservation water in tissues after 30 days of vegetation of grafts in nursery at the level of 49.0–50.0%, high survival rate of grafting grafts in the nursery (the difference between experimental and control variants for this indicator was 17.3–20.9%). Based on the results of many years of scientific research, it was found established that it is advisable to stratify grape grafts on water-retaining substrates. For the first time, for stratification and conservation, the influence of new water-retaining substrates was applied and studied – coco peat, its mixture with natural minerals – agroperlite, vermiculite, coconut substrates, kamka (sea grass), preparations of the hydroabsorbent group, a substrate for growing orchids, Polessky substrate. They contributed to the formation of circular callus in 70.0–80.0% of grafts grapes, swelling or the beginning of the opening the eyes of the scion, and the formation of a large number of root tubercles. The survival rate of grafts in the nursery was higher by 26.3–32.5% compared to the generally accepted open method on the water.