bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
УЧЕТ ВЛИЯНИЯ ВЕРХНЕЙ ЧАСТИ РАЗРЕЗА НА РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ АУДИОМАГНИТОТЕЛЛУРИЧЕСКИХ ЗОНДИРОВАНИЙ С ПОМОЩЬЮ КОНТРОЛИРУЕМОГО ИСТОЧНИКА В БЛИЖНЕЙ ЗОНЕ
Authors: Давыдов Вадим Анатольевич
Published: August 2021

Актуальность. Работа направлена на устранение пробела в получении данных о верхней части разреза при аудиомагнитотеллурических зондированиях. Одновременно решается проблема неконтролируемого смещения кривых зондирований за счет гальванических искажений, вносимых приповерхностными неоднородностями. Цель работы заключается в опробовании методики исследований методом аудиомагнитотеллурических зондирований совместно с контролируемым источником в ближней зоне для получения сведений о верхней части разреза и внесении статических поправок. Методы. Аудиомагнитотеллурические зондирования проводились с помощью приемно-регистрирующей аппаратуры ОМАР-2 (ИГФ УрО РАН, г.Екатеринбург) в частотном диапазоне 60–16000 Гц. Основные принципы обработки аудиомагнитотеллурических зондирований основываются на базе ранее разработанного способа преобразования частотных кривых зондирований в геометрические кривые с учетом априорной информации. Для детального изучения верхней части разреза были использованы два метода: вертикальные электрические зондирования и дистанционные индукционные зондирования. Работы методом вертикальных электрических зондирований проводились комплектом аппаратуры ЭРА-МАКС (НПП «ЭРА», г.Санкт-Петербург) по стандартной методике. Дистанционные индукционные зондирования выполнены аппаратурой МЧЗ-8 (ИГФ УрО РАН, г.Екатеринбург) на частоте 10 кГц по отработанной ранее методике работ.  Результаты. Выполнены опытно-методические работы, где в качестве контролируемого источника выступают генератор электрического поля с гальваническим заземлением и излучатель переменного магнитного поля индукционного типа. Проведены сравнения результатов обработки аудиомагнитотеллурических зондирований с природным источником сигналов и с дополнительным возбуждением искусственного поля. Выяснено, что трансформированные разрезы с использованием контролируемых источников различных типов имеют близкие параметры, они характеризуются повышенной контрастностью и большей достоверностью при выделении локальных объектов. Предложен оптимальный вариант установки для измерений аудиомагнитотеллурических зондирований с дополнительным использованием индукционного источника поля типа вертикального магнитного диполя.  Выводы. Выполненные исследования показали, что использование контролируемого источника электромагнитного поля в ближней зоне улучшает информативность аудиомагнитотеллурических зондирований и позволяет получить более достоверную информацию о геологическом строении разреза за счет внесения статических поправок.
ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ АВТОНОМНЫХ СЕНСОРОВ ДЛЯ АВТОМАТИЗАЦИИ НЕФТЕГАЗОДОБЫЧИ
Authors: Мамонова Татьяна Егоровна , Громаков Евгений Иванович
Published: August 2021

Актуальность. Существенным достоинством автономных сенсоров при использовании их для автоматизации технологических процессов является отсутствие кабельных проводок. Поставщики считают, что их внедрение обеспечивает сокращение стоимости капитальных затрат на строительство объектов (в частности, за счёт экономии на кабельной продукции и материалах), снижение сроков строительно-монтажных и пусконаладочных работ, сокращение энергопотребления и снижение операционных затрат. Перспектива применения проектных решений автоматизации с использованием радио коммуникационной среды передачи данных имеет многообещающий потенциал развития. Внедрение сетецентрических технологий автоматического (автоматизированного) управления на основе интеллектуальных сенсорных сетей, прежде всего, позволит в ближайшей перспективе повысить эффективность добычи углеводородного сырья на труднодоступных территориях, снизит потребность в обязательном присутствии человека на технологических площадках. Все это, в свою очередь, может значительно изменить проектные решения по автоматизации объектов нефтегазодобычи. Цель: выявление основных препятствий при использовании автономных сенсоров для автоматизации нефтегазодобычи, проведение сравнительного анализа основных производителей автономных сенсоров. Объекты: сетецентрические технологии автоматического (автоматизированного) управления на основе интеллектуальных сенсорных сетей для нефтегазодобычи. Методы: системный анализ отечественного и зарубежного рынков автономных сенсоров и сетей. Результаты. Выполнен анализ применения автономных сенсоров и сетей на их основе. Выявлены основные преимущества применения автоматизации в нефтегазовой отрасли на основе автономных сенсоров. Показаны условия, при которых перспективно применение автономных беспроводных сенсоров на нефтегазовых объектах. В результате выполненного исследования не удалось выявить значимую экономическую эффективность автоматизации типовых технологических процессов нефтегазодобычи путем замены всей проводной автоматизации на ее беспроводной аналог. В настоящий момент времени применение автономных сенсорных сетей в области автоматических систем управления технологическими процессами для опасных производственных объектов нефтегазодобычи также ограничено, поскольку возникают трудности сертификации функциональной безопасности. Это, в частности, связано с проблемами отказобезопасности радио коммуникационной среды, а также значительной задержкой технического обслуживания в случае удаленности и труднодоступности технологических объектов управления.
Datificación y streamificación de la cultura
Authors: Bazzara Lucas
Published: August 2021

El artículo analiza algunos de los elementos socio-técnicos que, puestos en serie y considerados en simultáneo, están en la base de los procesos de datificación de lo social y constituyen sin dudas uno de los perfiles de nuestro tiempo. Para ello ofreceremos una definición de plataforma digital, así como de lo que se conoce comúnmente como el streaming y la computación en la nube, entendiendo que sobre esa infraestructura técnica y material se sostienen las actividades de los usuarios en las redes y la circulación social de los contenidos digitales que consumen. Luego abordaremos la noción de dato y de algoritmo, centrales para comprender el fenómeno actual de –precisamente– datificación y algoritmización de los procesos sociales. Pero dado que una comprensión más acabada de este fenómeno no puede soslayar la importancia histórica de la cibernética, verdadero marco teórico y práctico tanto de los algoritmos como de la vida social contemporánea, dedicaremos un primer apartado a señalar sus aspectos más salientes para pensar su actualidad. La hipótesis que se intentará poner a prueba es que la instalación progresiva de estas técnicas informáticas durante la primera década de nuestro siglo, y los usos sociales múltiples y cotidianos a través de los cuales fueron sedimentando en la década siguiente, generaron las condiciones para la emergencia de lo que daremos en llamar una streamificación de la cultura.
Participación defectuosa en la era digital
Authors: Chibey Rivas Tamara Jesús
Published: August 2021

Desde fines del siglo XX, la sociedad ha experimentado una transformación digital. La vida social se ha transformado y opera en un espacio digitalizado donde la información ya no se concibe solo como dato, sino también como operación informativa. Esta nueva era digital trae consigo grandes repercusiones en el plano comunicacional, pero también atraviesa la agencia digital y la participación política de los sujetos. La acumulación y el aceleramiento en los procesos de información –en cantidades y volúmenes indeseados– produce, en ocasiones, desinformación, es decir, abundante información defectuosa que circula por las plataformas digitales. En este ensayo crítico nos preguntamos: ¿qué efectos produce la información defectuosa (o desinformación) sobre la agencia del sujeto en los espacios digitales? Como hipótesis se sostiene que la información defectuosa motiva una participación defectuosa del sujeto en la operación informativa configurada en el espacio digital. Entendemos que los efectos de participaciones defectuosas sobre los sujetos en red deben ser considerados un asunto delicado y uno de los principales foco de estudios actuales. Este ensayo pretende hacerse cargo de esa necesidad.
Entrevista a Esteban Magnani. Datos y tecnología digital
Authors: Ayala Soledad
Published: August 2021

Esteban Magnani navega entre el periodismo, la academia y la comunicación de la ciencia. Su tarea como periodista, docente y escritor se ha centrado principalmente en el impacto de las nuevas tecnologías digitales, la Inteligencia Artificial (IA) y los datos para analizar el impacto que tienen en la sociedad, la política y la economía, pero también en la forma en que los sujetos se constituyen como tales. Su mirada crítica y plural de las temáticas relacionadas con los datos y las tecnologías digitales brinda una gran riqueza a la hora de conocer y reflexionar sobre fenómenos que son centrales para comprender la contemporaneidad que nos toca vivir. Cuando buena parte de las perspectivas actuales tiende a enfocarse o recortar la problemática, Magnani busca ofrecer una mirada abarcadora, capaz de dar cuenta de las complejidades y los desafíos actuales.
The Development of Automatic Pineapple Washing and Drying Machine
Authors: Hendriko Hendriko , Kajo Teddy Pradipta , Jaenudin Jajang , Khamdi Nur , Tianur Tianur
Published: August 2021

Indonesia is a country that produce a large variety and quantity of fruit. One of the prominent fruits is pineapple. Small and medium-sized industries that process pineapples into derivative products have sprung up in various regions. However, most of the processing is still conducted manually. One thing that still needs to be improved is the washing and drying process. Therefore, this research developed an automatic washing and drying machine. The developed machine uses a one-tube system so it could reduce the transfer process from one stage to the next. Testing on the developed machines has been carried out. The test results show that this machine is capable to process as much as 6.5 kg of pineapple in one batch. Another test to determine the most effective duration of washing and drying process was also carried out. The test results show that the effective washing time is 180 seconds, and the drying process is 90 seconds. Apart from the level of cleanliness and dryness of pineapple, this test also observes the damage of pineapple as a result of the washing and drying process. Simulations to measure the total time to operate the machine have been carried out. The data shows that it takes 303 seconds, starting from inserting pineapple to the tube, washing, draining, and finally removing pineapples from the tube. By using both data of average total processing time and optimum weight, the capacity of developed machine could be calculated. The capacity of this machine is around 77 kg per hour or 8.008 kg per month. With this capacity, this machine can be used by SME with a large production capacity.
Ta'tsîru Kafâati Mihniyyah Mudarrisi al-Lughah al-Arabiyah li Tarqiyati Mahârati al-Kitâbah li at-Thullâb bi Madrasati ad-Dîniyyah at-Takmîliyyah al-Awwaliyyah Sunan Kalijaga Kebun Jati Larangan Pamekasan
Authors: Thayyibah Thayyibah
Published: August 2021

This paper discusses the competence of an Arabic teacher to improve student writing skills in Madrasah Diniyah Takmiliyah Sunan Kalijaga, Kebon Jati, Larangan, Pamekasan. This study aimed to determine the extent of the influence of professionalism of an Arabic teacher in improving student's writing skills. In this study, the researcher used a quantitative method. While the process, the researcher has a source of data in the form of Imla learning process as well as the students involved in it. The method used to display the data is through questionnaires, observation, documentation, and interviews. The results of this study prove that teacher professionalism has an influence on improving student’s writing skills with a value of 0.321, the value is between 0.200 to 0.400 with a low interpretation.
Idâratu Tandzhîm Barnâmij al-Mukatstsaf fî Waqti Tsalâtsati Asyhur li Ta'allumi al-Lughah al-'Arabiyah bi Ma'had al-Nûr bi Pakis Magelang
Authors: Setiawan Andi , Mawardin Mawardin , Arifa Zakiya
Published: August 2021

The coordination of organization management in an institution had an important influence on the institution itself. But there were some cases still be found that related to an institution had not ideal organization management well. As my research did, I do in an institution that had not ideal organization management as well as should be. As one of the cased that was about a manager as the leader in the institution was still not had an organizational structure as clear yet. The manager only gave the oral division of duty to each member without made an organizational structure outline for them so it was made the position among leaders and members could not see. To analyze this cased The Researcher used a qualitative research approach with descriptive methods through interview and documentation techniques. This study discussed: 1) Management of organizing, 2) Problems in organizing at Islamic boarding schools in An-Nur Pakis Magelang.
Tanmiyah Mahârah al-Kalâm bi Tathbîqi at-Tharîqah al-Ittishâliyyah: al-Bahts at-Tanfîdziy fî al-Fiah ad-Dirâsiyyah
Authors: Amrullah Afif
Published: August 2021

This research was intended to improve student's speaking ability by applying communicative method, and at the same time, to find out the effectiveness of using this teaching method in promoting speaking skills. The problem with this research was formulated interrogatively as follows: Is the implementation of communicative methods capable of improving the speaking skills of eighth grade students at National Islamic Junior School, Bandar Lampung? This research can be categorized as Classroom Action Research, and as subject research. They are all eight grade students at National Islamic Junior School Bandar Lampung. To obtain data, this research used several methods: observation, interview, documentation, and testing. This research is qualitative research, and the data was analyzed in three steps: data reduction, data display, and then interpretation. This research results in the following conclusions: In first session, the students who passed the test 54.40% and who failed 45.59%, in second session, students who passed the test 86.64%, and who failed 13.35%, and in the third session the students who passed test 78.83%, and who failed 21.16%, than can be concluded that implementing a communicative method in teaching Arabic as a second language is capable of improving speaking skills.
Problematika Pembelajaran Maharah Qiraah Daring: Studi Kasus Terhadap Mahasiswa PBA IAIN Syaikh Abdurrahman Siddik Bangka Belitung
Authors: Munawwaroh Ela
Published: August 2021

Online learning during this pandemic poses many problems. A common problem is that not all students have smartphones or a good network in their homes. Therefore, this study is intended to see more about what problems students face in learning reading skills. This study used a quantitative approach with descriptive methods. The subject of this research is students in the Arabic education program in the 4th semester. To collect data, the researcher used questionnaires and analyzed them using percentage techniques. The results of this research showed that the problems in learning reading skills faced by students of the Arabic education program IAIN SAS Bangka Belitung include: 1) Linguistic Aspect. More than 50% of students have poor language skills, especially in the mastery of nahwu and sharf, and 2) Non-linguistic Aspect. There are no significant problems, except for problems with the lost network caused by changes in weather or power outages.
Two sides of the coin: Comments on political correctness and hate speech/language
Authors: Kajtoch Wojciech
Published: August 2021

The author shows two uses of language manipulation: positive — in relation to the phenomenon of political correctness, the implementation of which he also considers a kind of manipulation, and negative — manifested in hate speech. Political correctness generally eliminates to some extent aggressive language — hate speech. Its influence can be seen in various spheres of social life (attitude towards other nationalities, sexual preferences, religion — non-denominationalism, etc.). The area where hate speech is spreading is widely understood politics. The conclusion is that while in many spheres of social life diplomacy is in force or is beginning to apply, politics is in a state of an ever worsening war.
Mistrz, bakałarz, belfer: What was an individual who teaches others called throughout the history of the Polish language?
Authors: Kaczmarczyk Beata
Published: August 2021

The article presents vocabulary describing a person who teaches others, recorded in dictionaries of the Polish language from the earliest times to mid-20th century. It arranges the collected material chronologically and semantically, describing the history of particular lexical units as reflected in dictionaries. The author pays attention to the genetic, morphological and stylistic diversity of the collected words, and considers the unusually high number of lexemes as a linguistic validation of the lack of a unified organizational schooling system in parallel with a long tradition of home schooling. The numerous common nouns represent a linguistic reflection of low qualifications and requirements for those teaching in elementary schools, especially in rural schools. It is demonstrated that many of the names used in the history of the Polish language in relation to a rural school teacher demonstrate a lack of social appreciation for the profession.
Między zachodnim kolonializmem a wschodnim imperializmem. Dyskurs postkolonialny a trajektoria rozwojowa społeczeństw Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej w świetle nie-Marksowskiego materializmu historycznego
Authors: Brzechczyn Krzysztof
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this paper is to discuss a problem of applicability of postcolonial studies/postcolonial perspective to history of Polish society and wider — East Central Europe, especially in the 19th and 20th centuries. In the first part, the main standpoints in Polish discussion are identified and the certain attempt of an application of categories of postcolonial studies are critically analyzed and discussed. Furthermore, in part two, the typology of social dominations (political, economic and cultural and variants of external subordinations) based on non-Marxian historical materialism is constructed in order in the chapter fourth to interpret the developmental trajectory of East-Central European societies. In the light of the presented interpretation, the ‘resolving ability’ of postcolonial perspective is too weak to be applied without essential modification to the history of societies living in this region of Europe, where the mosaic of different configurations of class domination shaped and evolved.
Narracje wolnościowe w niemieckiej literaturze po 1945 roku
Authors: Wolting Monika
Published: August 2021

The article aims to indicate what freedom models have been created in post-1945 German literature. What seems particularly interesting is looking into the development of literary motifs in correlation with political events and social movements. The articles refer to such significant milestones as 1945, 1968, 1989, 2011, and finally, 2015. Theses surrounding the theories of contemporariness and modernization are key to those thoughtful considerations. The processes of individualization and hybridization occurring within one world experiencing globalization are also important.
Decisiones teórico metodológicas en el estudio de políticas para la educación técnico profesional en Argentina y Brasil
Authors: Maturo Yanina Débora
Published: August 2021

En este artículo se exponen algunas decisiones teóricas y metodológicas que se llevaron a cabo en el marco de una investigación que abordó el estudio de las políticas educativas para la Educación Técnico Profesional en Argentina y Brasil, durante el período 2004-2015. Se recuperó con este propósito el enfoque socio-político del Ciclo de las Políticas en articulación con los momentos del análisis comparado; en tanto propuesta para distinguir especificidades, identificar posibles relaciones entre los países y alcanzar niveles de comprensión que permitan el desarrollo de explicaciones interpretativas sobre los procesos de diseño y puesta en acto de las políticas educativas para la Educación Técnico Profesional en/entre Argentina y Brasil. El escrito busca contribuir, en términos generales, al campo de estudios sobre políticas educativas y aportar reflexiones en torno a las posibilidades y oportunidades que brinda el estudio comparado.
Exploring Small and Medium Scale Manufacturing Firms and Quality Management of Medicinal Material Supply in a Developing Economy: The Ghanaian Perspective
Authors: Twumasi Juliet , Kyeremeh Evans , Yankeyera Benedict Owusu
Published: August 2021

The quality of herbs used to make herbal medicinal products largely influences the safety and effectiveness of these herbal treatments. It is therefore important to investigate the extent to which manufacturers are ensuring the quality supply of herbal medicine used in production of herbal medicine. This study examines how small and medium scale manufacturers assure the quality and continual improvement of the raw materials (raw materials) used for production of medicinal products in a developing economy, the state of Ghana, and the methods used by the company. The study adopted exploratory research design. Using interview quide with open ended questions, data was collected from 88 respondents (small and medium scale manufacturers and their representatives). The data was analysed using NVivo 11. Findings of the study indicated that herbs were collected from the wild (forest), physical inspection of the herbs and best manufacturing practices, good relationship management or collaboration were measures used to promote quality of raw material supply. Also, proper documentation or recording of processes and quality measures do not have much attention or acceptance among Traditional Medicine Practitioners (TMPs).
The opportunity structure, group characteristics, and strategy of ketok magic repair shops in Manado
Authors: Purwanto Antonius
Published: August 2021

The increase in internal migration has led to the emergence of ethnic minority migrant groups who work as entrepreneurs in various migration destinations in Indonesia. The migration that occurred in Manado shows that ethnic groups from certain regions form a unique group in the social network of repair shop owners and workers. This study aimed to describe the emergence and development of a ketok magic repair shop business in Manado which is owned by migrants from Blitar City, East Java. This study used a qualitative research method. Primary data were obtained from interviews and observations, while secondary data were obtained from literature studies. The results show that the opportunity structure in the form of requests for car repair and painting services as well as the ease of setting up a repair shop business has enabled the establishment of a number of ketok magic repair shops in Manado. Ethnic characteristics in the form of communities with high solidarity and strong social networks support repair shop activities well. This study concludes that community and social networks facilitate recruitment of workers and carry out repair shop promotion strategies because of high solidarity.
Women and scientist: the yellow light on the ivory tower
Authors: Riniardi Zarra , Setiawati Trias
Published: August 2021

The study purposes were to understand the background of women scientist (WS) in studying science, what motivate them to choose science and technology field, exploring their achievement, understanding their social support, exploring their problems. This research was qualitative case study approach. The key informant were four who come from Industrial Engineering and Mathematics and Science Faculty of Universitas Islam Indonesia. The data collection method used depth interviews, observation and documentation. The data test method used triangulation while analysis uses reduction-display-conclusion. The research found that WS studied science because of their interest of internal factor and the environment role of external factor. Their motives also gave benefit for others and increase their networking that is bit similar to McClelland’s Theory. WS had high excellent achievement in functional and structural positions, they received awards from their university until international award which are related to their research result. They also occupied important university structural position. They faced role conflict problem which similar to Greenhaus and Beutell (1985) Theory which increase their behavior changing. They faced marginalization because of their marital status and fear of success tendency which are losing cooking skills and having risk of not having friends which similar to Shaw and Costanzo (1982) Theory.
Analysis toward purchase decision determinant factors
Authors: Santoso Aprih , Sispradana Audi
Published: August 2021

The problem with this research is that there is a tendency to decrease demand for Hemart brand cooking oil in 2018-2019. This makes it a challenge for the Hemart cooking oil product distributor company to find out the factors that influence the decline in purchases. This study aims to analyze brand image, product quality, promotion and knowledge of sales promotion on the purchasing decisions of PT. Transfarma Semarang Branch. The population in this study were all consumers of PT. Transfarma Semarang Branch, which amounted to 566 consumers, while the sampling technique used was a non-probability sampling technique with purposive sampling and the analytical tool used in this study was multiple linear regression. The results showed that the variables of consumer confidence, consumer experience and sales promotion had a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions of PT. Transfarma Semarang Branch and the results of the adjusted R square value in the regression model were obtained at 0.584, which means that 58.4 percent of the purchasing decision variables can be explained by the variables of consumer confidence, consumer experience and sales promotion while the remaining 41.6 percent is explained by other variables outside of this study.
SPIRITUAL DIRECTION IN AN AFRICAN CONTEXT: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
Authors: Enyegue Jean Luc
Published: August 2021

An upset spiritual director just ended a retreat with a group of African priests because they could not observe strict silence. Similar situations elsewhere on the continent led a young African student to raise the question of the suitability of sixteenth-century Spiritual Exercises to modern Africans. This essay acknowledges the challenges facing spiritual directors to “accurately” apply the method of the Spiritual Exercises in a diverse and ever-evolving, noisy and busy world. From the concrete experience of this group of priests, it argues for the suitability of the Exercises to the African context based on the adaptability and flexibility inherent in Ignatius’ Spiritual Exercise and subsequent directories. The particular crisis between this director and his retreatants, however, also presents a unique opportunity for retreat directors to find creative ways to accommodate retreatants with specific needs, and to communicate the message of the Exercises in a way that is both accessible to and respectful of the African worldview.
KEYWORDS: Retreat Director. Diocesan African Context. Blended Retreat. Confession and Narrativity.
RASGOS EXEGÉTICOS Y TEOLÓGICOS CARACTERÍSTICOS DE LA PERSPECTIVA DE SAN IGNACIO AL PRESENTAR LOS MISTERIOS DE LA PASIÓN DE CRISTO EN LOS EJERCICIOS ESPIRITUALES
Authors: Fueyo Francisco Ramírez
Published: August 2021

Hacia el final del libro de los Ejercicios espirituales, Ignacio ofrece unos resúmenes de los misterios de la Vida de Cristo (Ej 261-312). Para la tercera semana, encontramos diez misterios (289-298). En este artículo pretendemos destacar cómo Ignacio lee los evangelios, cómo ha entendido la Pasión de Cristo. La metodología consiste en el estudio de la selección y el uso que Ignacio hace de estos misterios. A través de las omisiones y de los añadidos ignacianos al texto evangélico se nos va revelando cuáles son sus acentos particulares, contribuyendo así a que perfilar mejor qué es lo que Ignacio ofrece al ejercitante como materia, como medios, y como fin de la oración.
PALABRAS CLAVE: Evangelio. Pasión. Recepción. Ejercicios Espirituales.
EMBRACING THE SPIRIT: THE IGNATIAN PNEUMATOLOGY OF LOUIS LALLEMANT
Authors: Brouillette André
Published: August 2021

The Pneumatology of the Spiritual Exercises of St Ignatius of Loyola is famously discreet. However, other Ignatian authors give the Holy Spirit a central place in their spirituality. This article analyzes the Pneumatological contribution of Louis Lallemant’s Spiritual Doctrine to Ignatian spirituality, in dialogue with the Spiritual Exercises. Anchored in the guidance of the Holy Spirit, this spiritual teaching advocates a docility to the Spirit nurtured by the “guard over the heart” and an on-going responsiveness to the Spirit’s promptings. The “second conversion” promoted by Lallemant to his hearers is revealed as a Pneumatological event. It nonetheless conforms the believer to Christ, acknowledging the Christological focus of Ignatian Spirituality, while expanding its Pneumatological dimension.
KEYWORDS: Spiritual Exercises. Pneumatological. Louis Lallemant. Spiritual Doctrine.
Sparse complete sets for coNP: Solution of the P versus NP problem
Authors: Vega Frank
Published: August 2021

P versus NP is considered as one of the most important open problems in computer science. This consists in knowing the answer of the following question: Is P equal to NP? A precise statement of the P versus NP problem was introduced independently by Stephen Cook and Leonid Levin. Since that date, all efforts to find a proof for this problem have failed. Another major complexity class is coNP. Whether NP = coNP is another fundamental question that it is as important as it is unresolved. In 1979, Fortune showed that if any sparse language is coNP-complete, then P = NP. We prove there is a possible sparse language in coNP-complete. In this way, we demonstrate the complexity class P is equal to NP.
The Costs and Potential Benefits of Introducing the “I Don’t Know” Answer in Binary Classification Settings
Authors: Krstajic Damjan
Published: August 2021

We are of the opinion that during the design of a binary classifier one ought to consider adding an “I don’t know” answer. We provide the case for the introduction of this third category when a human needs to make a decision based on the answer from a binary classifier. We discuss the costs and potential benefits of its introduction. Colloquially, we have used the term “I don’t know”, but formally we refer to it as NotAvailable. A procedure to define NotAvailable predictions in binary classifiers, called all leave-one-out models (ALOOM), is presented as proof of the concept. Furthermore, we discuss the potential benefits of applying ALOOM in real life applications.
Semantic Rules, the Law of One Price, Purchasing Power Parity and Exchange Rates: Setting the Record Straight
Authors: Pippenger John Everett
Published: August 2021

Semantic rules link purely theoretical terms like “price” and “electron” to things we can measure. Without them, theories cannot be tested empirically. When inappropriate, they produce false rejections. Economists routinely ignore semantic rules. Empirical journal articles essentially never mention them. More to the point, the conventional tests that reject the Law of One Price and Purchasing Power Parity never consider them. As a result, those rejections are unwarranted because such tests use inappropriate semantic rules. Both theories should be restored to not rejected and then retested using the more appropriate semantic rules described here. By using appropriate semantic rules, this paper is able to combine Covered Interest Parity and Purchasing Power Parity into a single theory that links auction markets for financial assets and commodities to auction markets for exchange rates. Using appropriate semantic rules for both theories also explains several puzzles in open economy macroeconomics and opens up broad new vistas for research.
Utilization of Screw Press to Increase the Production Efficiency of Enbal (cassava) in Ibra Village, Southeast Maluku, Indonesia
Authors: Marasabessy Ismael , Sudirjo Fien , Hamid Syahibul K. , Irmawaty Yuni
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this activity is to increase the efficiency in production process by applying screw press equipment and improving sanitation and hygiene in its production. The method of implementing activities uses discussion and training techniques. The activity is carried out in three stages, firstly survey on condition and discussion with partners relates to the conditions of producing pressing enbal, secondly the manufacture of pressing tools, third is the application of pressing tools in production activities of partners. The results of the activity showed that the screw press was able to produce enough water of enbal / grated cassava so that it is drier than the traditional method. Press time becomes faster which only 12-15 minutes, whereas in the traditional way it takes 14-24 hours. The content of enbal’s water decreases very low, reaching 5-7%, the sanitation becomes better because the juice is no longer stagnant on the ground but is collected in a bucket, and the use of pressing tools is very practical. Likewise the HCN level is very low, less than 3mg / kg so the product is very safe for consumption. This screw press is very helpful in the efficiency of the production process of plate enbal (cassava plates) which is cleaner and healthier.
Tesis de geografía y género en España: 30 años de investigación feminista
Authors: Ortiz Guitart Anna , Baylina Ferré Mireia
Published: August 2021

Este artículo analiza las tesis doctorales sobre Geografía y Género presentadas en las universidades españolas en las últimas décadas. Con este análisis se pretende reflexionar sobre los intereses y preocupaciones de las autoras, ver la evolución de las investigaciones, tanto desde el punto de vista temático como metodológico, y realizar un breve balance de lo realizado hasta la fecha. A partir de una búsqueda sistematizada en distintas bases de datos de tesis doctorales de acceso libre, se han podido consultar, revisar y clasificar para ofrecer un conocimiento más global de las investigaciones doctorales en esta materia. Los resultados evidencian una evolución ascendente en el número de tesis y una mayor diversidad temática y metodológica; también destaca un desequilibrio territorial en la producción científica doctoral con perspectiva de género. Las ausencias encontradas pueden deberse, entre otras, a la carencia en formación específica de geografía y género a nivel de grado y de máster, en la falta de liderazgos estables en la mentoría, o en otras resistencias derivadas de entornos institucionales muy conservadores.
BEMD-3DCNN-Based Method for COVID-19 Detection
Authors: Riahi Ali , Elharrouss Omar , Almaadeed Noor , Al-Maadeed Somaya
Published: August 2021

Coronavirus outbreak continues to spread around the world and none knows when it will stop. Therefore, from the first day of the virus identification in Wuhan, scientists have launched numerous research projects to understand the nature of the virus, how to detect it, and search for the right medicine to help and protect patients. A fast diagnostic and detection system is a priority and should be found to stop COVID-19 from spreading. Medical imaging techniques has been used for this purpose. The existing works used transfer learning by exploiting different backbones like VGG, ResNet, DenseNet or combine them to detect COVID-19. By using these backbones many aspect can not be analysed like the spatial and contextual information in the images, while these information's can be useful for a better detection performance. For that in this paper, we used 3D representation of the data (video) as input of the 3DCNN-based deep learning model. The Bi-dimensional empirical mode decomposition (BEMD) technique to decompose the original image into IMFs, then built a video of these IMFs images. The formed video is used as input of 3DCNN model to classify and detect COVID-19 virus. 3DCNN model consists of a 3D VGG-16 backbone followed by a Context-aware attention (CAA) modules then fully connected layers for classification. Each CAA module takes the feature maps of different blocks of the backbone, which allows a learning from different feature maps. In the experiments we used 6484 X-Ray images, 1802 of them were COVID-19 positive cases, 1910 normal cases, and 2772 pneumonia cases. The experiment results showed that our proposed techniques achieved the desired results on the selected dataset. Also, the use of 3DCNN model with contextual information processing exploiting CAA networks helps to achieve better performance.
Intelligent and Resizable Control Plane for Software Defined Vehicular Network : A Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach
Authors: Smida karima , Tounsi Hajer , Frikha Mounir
Published: August 2021

Software-Defined Networking (SDN) has become one of the most promising paradigms to manage large scale networks. Distributing the SDN Control proved its performance in terms of resiliency and scalability. However, the choice of the number of controllers to use remains problematic. A large number of controllers may be oversized inducing an overhead in the investment cost and the synchronization cost in terms of delay and traffic load. However, a small number of controllers may be insufficient to achieve the objective of the distributed approach. So, the number of used controllers should be tuned in function of the traffic charge and application requirements. In this paper, we present an Intelligent and Resizable Control Plane for Software Defined Vehicular Network architecture (IRCP-SDVN), where SDN capabilities coupled with Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) allow achieving better QoS for Vehicular Applications. Interacting with SDVN, DRL agent decides the optimal number of distributed controllers to deploy according to the network environment (number of vehicles, load, speed etc.). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that adjusts the number of controllers by learning from the vehicular environment dynamicity. Experimental results proved that our proposed system outperforms static distributed SDVN architecture in terms of end-to-end delay and packet loss.
The Effect of Smoking on Progression from Ductal Carcinoma In Situ to Invasive Ductal Carcinoma: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Takada Koji , Kashiwagi Shinichiro , Asano Yuka , Goto Wataru , Kouhashi Rika , Yabumoto Akimichi , Ishihara Sae , Morisaki Tamami , Shibutani Masatsune , Tanaka Hiroaki , Hirakawa Kosei , Ohira Masaichi
Published: August 2021

Background: If ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is diagnosed by histological examination such as core needle biopsy or vacuum-assisted biopsy (VAB), invasion is often found by removing the entire tumor and performing pathological examination. According to a meta-analysis, the rate of invasion found by postoperative pathological examination is about 25%. Smoking is a risk factor for carcinogenesis in various carcinomas, including breast cancer. We examined the correlation between the risk of invasion found by postoperative pathology and smoking history in patients who were diagnosed with DCIS by preoperative biopsy.Methods: In this study, we examined 128 patients who were diagnosed with DCIS by preoperative biopsy. Before the biopsy, all patients were asked about the duration of smoking, number of cigarettes smoked per day, and whether they were currently smoking. The data were used to calculate each patient’s tobacco exposure based on pack-years. The statistical analyses included the Pearson’s chi-square test and logistic analysis. Multivariate analysis was performed on the risk factors for invasion diagnosed by postoperative pathological examination in all cases diagnosed with DCIS by preoperative biopsy.Results: Of all the patients included in this study, 107 (83.5%) never smoked, which represented the majority, while 8 patients (6.3%) smoked at diagnosis with DCIS, and 13 (10.2%) had quit smoking before diagnosis. Tobacco exposure was 10 or less pack-years for 11 patients (8.6%) and more than 10 pack-years for 10 patients (7.8%). Number of pack-years was not an independent factor (p=0.349, odds ratio [OR]=0.329), but current smoker status (p=0.006, OR=not calculable) was an independent factor with VAB (p=0.018, OR=0.327).Conclusions: This study suggests that tobacco components may have an influence on the progression from DCIS to invasive ductal carcinoma.
The Effect of Smoking on Progression from Ductal Carcinoma in Situ to Invasive Ductal Carcinoma: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Takada Koji , Kashiwagi Shinichiro , Asano Yuka , Goto Wataru , Ishihara Sae , Morisaki Tamami , Shibutani Masatsune , Tanaka Hiroaki , Hirakawa Kosei , Ohira Masaichi
Published: August 2021

Background

If ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is diagnosed by histological examination such as core needle biopsy or vacuum-assisted biopsy (VAB), invasion is often found by removing the entire tumor and performing pathological examination. According to a meta-analysis, the rate of invasion found by postoperative pathological examination is about 25%. Smoking is a risk factor for carcinogenesis in various carcinomas, including breast cancer. We examined the correlation between the risk of invasion found by postoperative pathology and smoking history in patients who were diagnosed with DCIS by preoperative biopsy.
Methods

In this study, we examined 128 patients who were diagnosed with DCIS by preoperative biopsy. Before the biopsy, all patients were asked about the duration of smoking, number of cigarettes smoked per day, and whether they were currently smoking. The data were used to calculate each patient’s tobacco exposure based on pack-years. The statistical analyses included the Pearson’s chi-square test and logistic analysis. Multivariate analysis was performed on the risk factors for invasion diagnosed by postoperative pathological examination in all cases diagnosed with DCIS by preoperative biopsy.
Results

Of all the patients included in this study, 107 (83.5%) never smoked, which represented the majority, while 8 patients (6.3%) smoked at diagnosis with DCIS, and 13 (10.2%) had quit smoking before diagnosis. Tobacco exposure was 10 or less pack-years for 11 patients (8.6%) and more than 10 pack-years for 10 patients (7.8%). Number of pack-years was not an independent factor (p = 0.349, odds ratio [OR] = 0.329), but current smoker status (p = 0.006, OR = not calculable) was an independent factor with VAB (p = 0.018, OR = 0.327).
Conclusions

This study suggests that tobacco components may have an influence on the progression from DCIS to invasive ductal carcinoma.
Difference in Diagnosis and Classification of Sarcopenia: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study
Authors: Teixeira Leonardo Augusto Da Costa , Prates Ana Caroline Negreiros , Brant Franciane Pereira , Lima Rávylla Rúbia , Thomasini Ronaldo Luis , Duarte Tamiris Campos , Mendonça Vanessa Amaral , Pereira Leani Souza Máximo , Arrieiro Arthur Nascimento , Soares Luana Aparecida , Pereira Fabiana Souza Máximo , Lacerda Ana Cristina Rodrigues , Parentoni Adriana Netto
Published: August 2021

Background

Sarcopenia is characterized by a progressive reduction in muscle mass, strength and function that comes with aging. There is still broad disagreement regarding for understanding and establishment of universal criteria for the screening of sarcopenia. The objective of present study is to assess differences in the diagnosis and classification of sarcopenia by applying six different criteria to the same sample.
Methods

Study using the criteria proposed by five groups of authors. Body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorption (DXA) using a Lunar DPX densitometer.
Results

Participated 156 older women. The frequency of sarcopenia varied depending on the criteria used. The above frequencies exhibited statistically significant differences (p = 0.009).
Conclusion

Diagnosis of sarcopenia in older women varies according to the proposed criteria.
A Non-conventional Approach to Understanding the Geographical Influence on the Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and IFR
Authors: Ketipearachchi Udaya
Published: August 2021

To understand and fight SARS-CoV-2, different models are needed (i.e. one model cannot answer all the questions). A mathematical model can be an effective tool for understanding SARS-CoV-2 transmission and evaluating possible strategies. Here, we present two models based on the indirect transmission of SARS-CoV-2 that explain the impact of ambient temperature and air pollution on SARS-CoV-2 outdoor and indoor behavior. These models discuss temperaturebased lethality of SARS-CoV-2 and its spread. In addition, if SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted through particulate matter or surfaces, the temperature effect on its half-life is discussed. The dew point should also be considered instead of just the humidity factor, since a combination of temperature and humidity may play an important role in SARS-CoV-2 transmission.
Parents’ Satisfaction of Tele-Rehabilitation for Children with Neurodevelopmental Disabilities During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Frigerio Pamela , Monte Liliana Del , Sotgiu Aurora , De Giacomo Costantino , Vignoli Aglaia
Published: August 2021

Background: The use of remote rehabilitation in children was limited before the COVID-19 pandemic, due to culture, technology access, regulatory and reimbursement barriers.Methods: The study was conducted according to the STROBE (The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) checklist in order to provide qualitative and quantitative data about experience of patients with disabilities and their caregivers during Phase 1 of the COVID-19 pandemic, and their level of satisfaction. An online survey was developed using Google Forms and sent via email. The outcome measures were rated using a 5-point Likert Scale. Two additional open-ended questions were used to collect qualitative data.Results: 128 out of 261 families responded to the survey: 80.5% of the caregivers reported they were satisfied with the remote rehabilitation. More than a half (53%) of the families reported a high level of satisfaction with the involvement they received in defining and sharing of rehabilitation goals. Conclusions: The implementation of telehealth during the COVID-19 lockdown has allowed us to gain more information about the potential of tele-rehabilitation, and resulted in an excellent satisfaction of caregivers. With appropriate education and consistent models of care, an increased use of telehealth may provide advances in remote patient care.Trial registration: Not applicable