bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding the self in nonsuicidal self-injury: A conceptual review and framework for future research
Authors: Boccagno Chelsea Evanna , Jill Miranda Hooley D.Phil.
Published: October 2020

Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a widespread and dangerous behavior. Despite increasing understanding of the risk factors for NSSI, this behavior remains highly prevalent, highlighting the need for an extension of current research and more precise treatment targets. Specifically, research examining self-perception in NSSI provides a fruitful foundation for future work. Mounting studies indicate that self-concept disturbances are implicated in NSSI. Yet it remains unclear how different components of self-concept—such as self-criticism and identity confusion—are associated for people with NSSI. Furthermore, research in this domain uses distinct definitions and measures of self-concept disturbance, rendering it difficult to integrate findings across studies. This conceptual review provides the first summary to date synthesizing research on self-concept (content and structure) in NSSI, highlights research questions to address, and outlines suggestions for future work. Recommendations for NSSI research examining self-concept include: (a) increasing the consistency of terms used; (b) examining relationships between self-concept content and structure; (c) exploring the extent to which measures of self-concept and identity tap into the same phenomena; (d) assessing self-concept across different levels of analysis; and (e) identifying treatment targets for distinct self-related disturbances (e.g., heightened self-criticism versus an inconsistent sense of self). Potential intervention targets are discussed.
Happiness and Wellbeing; the value and findings from genetic studies
Authors: Van de Weijer Margot , de Vries Lianne , Bartels Meike
Published: October 2020

In light of major global trends (e.g., rise of ageing populations, increasing longevity, decreasing birth rates), maintaining, facilitating, and building well-being (WB) is crucial, but also becomes increasingly complex and demanding. Over the past decade, twin studies have helped us get better insight into the extent to which genes and environments contribute to individual differences in well-being. Our knowledge about these genetic and environmental factors is continuingly growing with studies on well-being related phenotypes, extensions of twin studies, molecular genetic studies, and environmental studies. In this chapter, we provide an overview of past, present, and future directions of behavioural genetic research on well-being, happiness, and related phenotypes.
Probationary or Second-Class Citizens? Postdoctoral Experiences in the Swiss Context
Authors: Le Feuvre Nicky , Bataille Pierre , Sautier Marie
Published: October 2020

Irrespective of national and disciplinary specificities (Le Feuvre et al 2018), the conditions of entry to an academic career are generally recognized as being increasingly selective in the contemporary context. In the competition for a reduced number of stable or permanent academic positions, recently qualified PhD graduates who want to pursue an academic career face two main challenges. On the one hand, they have to accept a succession of fixed-term, often part-time and badly paid, precarious positions (generically designated as “postdocs”), that have become a prerequisite for selection to more stable and permanent positions in the global academic labour market. On the second hand, access to these positions usually requires some form of geographical – usually transnational – mobility, which removes them from their existing social networks. In this chapter, we propose to analyse the effects of the combination of precarious employment positions and geographical displacement on the gendered citizenship experiences of postdocs working in a specific academic context. On the basis of qualitative (biographical interview) and quantitative (on-line web survey) data collected in the course of the GARCIA project (www.garciaproject.eu), we will examine the citizenship challenges faced by postdocs from across the globe who are working in the Swiss academic context.
From Populism to the ‘Plandemic’: Why populists believe in COVID-19 conspiracies
Authors: Eberl Jakob-Moritz , Huber Robert A. , Greussing Esther
Published: October 2020

Why are COVID-19 conspiracy theories so prevalent? Particularly, why would some citizens ignore scientific evidence and common logic but, instead, be convinced that COVID-19 was a military experiment or spread by 5G signals? Why would they believe that Bill Gates had anything to do with it? In this contribution, we argue that populism is at the centre of these beliefs, as the complex nature of the COVID-19 pandemic makes it an ideal playground for populists’ opposition to scientific and political elites. We use Structural Equation Models and panel survey data (n = 823) from the Austrian Corona Panel Project to test this argument. We demonstrate a negative correlation of populist attitudes with both trust in political and scientific institutions, which, in return, negatively relate to COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs. This results in an overall positive relationship of populist attitudes and conspiracy beliefs, above and beyond political ideology. These findings have important implications for elite communication regarding virus mitigation.
Not by transmission alone – the role of invention in cultural evolution
Authors: Perry Susan , Carter Alecia , Smolla Marco , Akcay Erol , Nöbel Sabine , Foster Jacob G. , Healy Susan
Published: October 2020

Invention and social learning have together empowered our species to inhabit virtually every part of the world. For the past fifty years, however, social learning has been regarded as the fundamental driver for the emergence of tradition and culture. As a result, innovation has been relatively understudied, outside the human lineage. This has left basic questions unanswered, such as: What factors promote the creation of new ideas and practices? And what affects whether they are spread or lost? We review the existing literature, focusing on the following four levels of investigation: traits (what sorts of behaviours are easiest to invent?), individuals (what intrinsic and contextual factors make some individuals more likely to invent new things?), populations (what features of social relationships and societies promote the rise and spread of new inventions?), and ecological contexts. We aim to inspire new research agendas by summarizing what is known and highlighting theoretical and empirical gaps in our understanding of the innovative process. Understanding the origin of humans’ noteworthy levels of creativity requires a well-developed theory of creativity and innovation as well as a large comparative data set investigating these processes in nonhuman species from a wide range of taxa.
Dibya Upadesh: Pragmatic Guidelines to Nepalese Diplomacy
Authors: Baral Bhim Nath
Published: October 2020

The origin of Nepal’s foreign policy dates back to the time of unification of Nepal by king Prithvi Narayan Shah in 1769. For the first time, Nepal was able to make structural provision to conduct foreign policy in a more successful way by deputing skilled officers. It was king Prithvi Narayan Shah who displayed skillful diplomacy in the initiation and successful operation of very challenging task of unification. Credit goes to his skillful war diplomacy. Besides spending active life from The House of Gorkha, he also became an ideal guardian to his successors. Keeping in view, the survival of the nation, he delivered some pragmatic instructions as an oratory to his courtiers and royal priests which we refer to as Dibya Upadesh. It covers the political, economic, strategic, military, geographical and other sectors of national life. More attention is given towards the protection of sovereignty and integrity of the country. So, this paper aims to analyze diplomatic insights expressed through Dibya Upadesh in domestic and external matter by taking state’s survival into consideration. The article is descriptive and analytical and data are acquired from secondary sources.
Models of Constitution Making with Reference to Nepal
Authors: Lamichhane Bimal Prasad
Published: October 2020

Constitution is commonly called as the foundation, framework, guideline, roadmap, charter, established rule or legal order of government. It is the supreme and fundamental law of the state because constitution gives legitimacy or validity to all laws and no laws surviving against the constitution. Law is valid only if it is in conformity with the constitution. Constitution being the basic and organic law of land the process of its making is quite important. Constitution making is the act of creating and reforming the body of fundamental principles that govern a state. Constitution making is, therefore, a critical entry point for shaping the future of a country, the exercise of power and the social compact among citizens and between citizens and their state. There is no universal rule, formula, exact method or model for making a constitution. There are several models used in constitution making such as commission model, expert model, constituent assembly model, referendum model, draft committee model, gift model, colonial model, adherence model, peace negotiation model, national conference model, etc. The models of constitution making is selected according to geographical, social, cultural, religious, economic, historical, political and legal system of a concerned country. Hence, in this article the author clearly presents the clear perspectives of constitution, constitution making and the popular models and the procedures used in making constitution with reference to Nepalese experiences and instances.
Problems and Prospects of Local Judicial Committee in Nepal
Authors: Timilsina Krishna Prasad
Published: October 2020

Decentralization and local governance is the base of grassroot democracy, giving strong foundation of democracy at nation. Local governments are the closest unit of people. Constitution of Nepal acknowledges that executive legislative and judicial bodies may be formed at the local level. Constitution provides to consolidate socialism-oriented federal democratic republic governance right from the local level as per the principle of the rule of law and sustainable development through proportionally inclusive and just distribution of the fruits of democracy, and to make necessary provisions in relation to the operation of the local government to institutionalize the legislative, executive and judicial practice at the local level by consolidating local government through development of local leadership. This article aims at examining current provision of judicial power in local government of Nepal, its service delivery status, analyzing challenges of justice delivery. To draw the conclusion in this study descriptive analytical and content analysis method has been used and information has been taken from secondary method.
Conceptualising transformative praxis
Authors: Luitel Bal Chandra , Dahal Niroj
Published: October 2020

Transformative praxis covers a wide range of scholarly pursuits for social change via reflexive research and practice. Praxis is used to raise the consciousness of researchers, participants and social actors through a constant embracing of a critical stance toward text, discourse, and the lifeworld. A host of images are used to conceptualise the notion of transformative praxis as epistemology, theory, methodology, professional development, genres and logics, and empowerment. Transformative praxis as epistemology refers to multiple ways of knowing embedded in critiquing, reconceptualizing self, and envisioning; whereas transformative praxis as theory is informed by the critical scholarship of strengths and limitations of theories, philosophies, and perspectives as a means for social change. Our ideas of transformative praxis as methodology are embedded in the commitments of researchers and practitioners to engage in the process of holistic meaning making. Reflexive engagement of researchers and practitioners in the lifeworld contributes to the conceptualisation of transformative praxis as professional development. Transformative praxis as empowerment draws upon the ongoing discourse of an emancipatory interest that emphasises autonomy, responsibility, and criticality. The articles in this issue focus on developing cosmologically responsible educational processes, deviance as pedagogical action, holistic learning, and pedagogical change through multiparadigmatic research processes.
Connecting mathematics education to my relationship with the cosmos
Authors: Varghese Jiju
Published: October 2020

I believe that human beings are closely interconnected to the cosmos in which we exist. Today, we hear a lot about caring for the Mother Earth. More and more humans are coming to realize the need to protect our environment and to stop the uncontrolled exploitation of the nature. With the exploration of the space, we have also come to understand that we are only a tiny particle in this vast cosmos. As a result, we are responsible towards the cosmos that surrounds us and in which we are part of. Often mathematics teaching-learning has been limited to the cognitive level and very seldom concerns of the ecology and issues related to the cosmos are brought up in mathematics classrooms. My mathematics teaching-learning life was no exception as there was hardly any connection to my relationship with the cosmos. Through this autoethnographic study, I show how mathematics teaching-learning needs to and can take into consideration the important relationship and responsibility we have towards the environment, universe and the cosmos and how we can teach pro-cosmological behaviours to our students through topics in mathematics they are learning. This will be done by narrating my lived experiences of missing the link with the cosmos in my mathematics classrooms both as a student and a teacher and by presenting a few examples of making mathematics teaching-learning cosmologically responsible in classrooms.
Holistic orientation in education: Transformative art of including, connecting and balancing
Authors: Ojha Gaurav
Published: October 2020

This study explores holistic orientation in education reflecting on practice-based accounts of educators with emerging pedagogical insights and implication conceptualized within transformative learning theory. Similarly, this study explores holistic orientation in education with a reflective praxis that advances collaborative self-narrative research incorporating personal reflections of educators seeking to nurture transformed ways of including, connecting and balancing in their pedagogical practices. In this study, educators with holistic orientations place emphasis on inner lives, balance, exploring dynamics of interconnections, trustful and authentic relationships, dialogues, concern and care as transformative initiatives in their pedagogical practices. Based on the guiding metaphor that what you see depends upon how you look, this article offers both descriptive and reflective insights into pedagogical reflections of educators that exemplify holistic orientations as a practical implication for transformative learning. The findings of this article indicate holistic orientations in education as a resonance educators experience and explore between why they teach and how they teach. More importantly, together with further implications for transformative research and education policy, this study aims to recreate possibilities for transforming educational practices with transformed ways of being, balancing and relating of educators.
Utilization of Remittance for Rural People’s Needs: Study of Chhathar Rural Municipality of Dhankuta District
Authors: Adhikari Dinesh
Published: October 2020

Remittance is an enormous source of income for developing countries as well as Nepal. It contributes largely to the national economy in Nepal and it has also transformed the socio-economic lives of a large number of rural people. Number of remittance receiving household has reached more than 50 percent in the country. The remittances sent home by the migrants affect development of household, community and national levels. At the household level, remittances help to reduce poverty, improve living standard and attain educational needs. remittances could be used for entrepreneurship and productive investment which increases job opportunities and income of the people. Basic needs are fulfilled and released from landless or homeless condition by the use of remittance of rural people. Remittance inflows help to improve the lifestyle of rural people and their account position too. Many of the remittance used to consumption function or unproductive sector in rural area. It is suggested that policies and programs need to be developed for encouraging the utilization of remittances for productive use in order to promote rural growth.
Rethinking Population Policies from Family Planning to Population Management
Authors: Parajuli Kewal Ram
Published: October 2020

Population policy plays a significant role for the desired demographic and social outcome of a nation with aims of social welfare and progress. Basically, anti-natalist and pronatalist policies are adopted to influence fertility. Family planning programs and policies have been initiated with the aim of population management in Nepal but concentrated on fertility reduction in a later period, the continuation of such policies and rapid decreasing of fertility may create tribulation in future as developed countries with having a condition of depopulation.

This paper attempts to analyze content related to fertility and family planning policies and activities thoroughly and the level, trend, and projection of fertility and family planning with the objective of finding future implications. Findings suggest that it should focused on population responsive policies, quality life of people, utilization of demographic dividends mostly on population management rather than anti-natalist population policy. Since a long time, Nepal has adopted the Anti-natalist population policy, which should be rethought for the sustainability of development and population management. Fertility, a major process of population increase, Basically, determined by many biological, sociocultural, economic, geographical factors, can’t increase as the nation’s desire and need. So, need to pay attention to prevent depopulation status.
BİR SOSYAL YARDIMLAŞMA ÖRNEĞİ: GÜMÜŞHANE ÜNİVERSİTESİ GİYSİ PAYLAŞIM ODASI
Authors: BİNGÖL Orhan
Published: October 2020

Sosyal yardımlar, başta yoksullar olmak üzere toplumda sosyoekonomik açıdan dezavantajlı kesimlere dönük hizmetlerden biridir. Genellikle para, gıda, giyim, eşya gibi temel gereksinimleri karşılamaya yönelen sosyal yardımlar resmi, yarı resmi veya gönüllü olarak yerine getirilmektedir. Bu bakımdan sosyal yardımlar çeşitli birim ve ölçekler çerçevesinde belediyeler, vakıflar ya da kimi kurum ve kuruluşlar tarafından hayata geçirilmektedir. Sosyal yardımların görece en önemli yönleri ise yoksullukla mücadele etmesi ve karşılıksız olarak gerçekleştirilmesidir. Buna göre Nisan 2017 tarihinde açılan Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Giysi Paylaşım Odası, öncelikle yoksul olanlara ulaşmak üzere Gümüşhane Üniversitesi öğrencilerinin geneline giysi hizmeti veren bir sosyal yardımlaşma örneğidir. Giysi Paylaşım Odası, gerek öğrencilere hediye edilen ve odaya bağışlanan ürünler gerekse odada görev üstlenenler açısından tamamen ücretsiz bir uygulamadır. Giysi Paylaşım Odası’nın kurucusu Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyoloji Bölümü akademik personeli Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Orhan BİNGÖL, odanın gönüllü çalışanları ise sosyoloji bölümü öğrencileridir. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi’nde kendine özgü bir birim şeklinde devam eden Giysi Paylaşım Odası, üniversitenin akademik takvimi doğrultusunda haftanın belli gün ve saatlerinde aktif olmaktadır. Kuruluşundan başlayarak Mart 2020 tarihine kadar düzenli olarak hizmet sunan Giysi Paylaşım Odası, öğrencilere toplamda 2000’den fazla ücretsiz giysi ve aksesuar yardımı yapmıştır. Giysi Paylaşım Odası, hem Türkiye’deki üniversitelerde benzerlerine nadiren rastlanan bir girişim olduğundan hem de bu tür sosyal yardımlaşma uygulamalarının yenilerini teşvik edeceğine inanıldığından bu makaleye konu edilmiştir.
Allelism Test between Crosses of High-O/L x High-O/L and Very High-O/L x Very High-O/L Peanut Genotypes
Authors: Branch W. D. , Perera A. M. , Narayanaswamy K.
Published: October 2020

Crosses were made between High-O/L x High-O/L and between Very High-O/L x Very High-O/L peanut genotypes. The High-O/L parental genotypes were F435-OL-2 and ‘Flavor Runner 458’ and ranged between 20 and 40:1 oleic (O) to linoleic (L) fatty acid methyl ester ratio. The Very High-O/L parental cultivars were ‘Georgia Hi-O/L' and ‘Georgia-11J' and consistently had O/L ratios ≥40:1 over four years at the Tifton, Georgia location when grown under maximum-input production practices with irrigation. F1 plants from the High-O/L x High-O/L cross combination had an average O/L ratio of 32.5:1; whereas, the F1 plants from the Very High-O/L x Very High-O/L crosses had an average O/L ratio of 50:1. Average O/L ratios of both F2 and F3 generation progeny also had similar O/L ratios within High-O/L x High-O/L and Very High-O/L x Very High-O/L crosses. The results from these test crosses suggest that there are at least two different high-oleic genotypes possibly associated with either multiple alleles or modifier genes.
Tongue Function after Ablative Surgery of the Symphyseal Region of the Mandible for the Treatment of Ameloblastomas in Tanzanian Patients
Authors: Simon Elison NM , Simon Elison NM , W Stoelinga Paul J , M Kalyanyama Boniphace , M Shubi Farrid , Owibingire Sira Stanslaus , W Merkx Mathias A
Published: October 2020

A technique is described to reconstruct the symphyseal part of the mandible after a segmental resection
because of ameloblastoma, while special attention was paid to fix the digastric and genioglossal muscles,
so as to allow for normal tongue function. Twenty-two patients were followed for an average period of 30
months and all of them had normal tongue function and were able to swallow without problems.
The Utilization of a Nitric Oxide Generating Serum for Improving Vascularity in Wound Healing
Authors: Chernoff Greg , Chernoff Greg
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Poor vascularity in injured or operated tissue predisposes the patient to poor healing. Many
disease states such as diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, and Raynaud’s Disease exhibit delayed or
compromised healing. Post-radiated tissue is another example of poor healing potential. Any surgical
wound, local, regional, or free flap reconstruction, can see delayed healing or lack of healing with poor
blood supply. Nitric oxide (NO) is an endothelial cell, endogenously produced, free radical gas. It is a potent
vasodilator and inhibitor of platelet aggregation. A NO producing serum has recently been developed
(Pneuma Nitric Oxide, Austin Texas). This is the first study to examine the potential efficacy of a NO
generating serum in the wound healing population.
Objective: The objective of this study is to examine the potential efficacy of a Nitric oxide generating serum
in the wound healing patient population
Method: Twenty-five patients were studied in two centers between December 2018 and June 2020. Prior
to utilizing NO serum, a double-blind, placebo controlled (glycerin) safety study was performed on 10
patients. There were no allergic or irritation reactions to NO serum in this population. NO serum was applied
to non-healing diabetic ulcers, vascular compromised non-healing wounds, surgical incisions, split
thickness grafts, full thickness grafts, regional and free flaps. Patients were followed weekly and
photographed regularly to monitor healing until total healing was reached.
Results: Without exception, the study population showed a more rapid and improved quality of healing in
the wounds that were treated with Nitric oxide generating serum as compared to control sites. Rapid reepithelialization, wound contraction, less bruising and edema were commonly seen. Neo-vascularization
was more rapid in surgical flap cases. Burn wounds healed dramatically.
Conclusion: This study shows the benefits of a Nitric oxide- generating serum in the wound healing patient
population. The vasodilatory and capillary recruitment capabilities of Nitric oxide are hypothesized as key
factors leading to this improved healing. NO is also paramount in the differentiation and proliferation of
fibroblasts, keratinocytes, monocytes, and macrophages. Topically, NO has also been shown in the literature
to have strong anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, and anti-viral roles. NO serum is a valuable addition to the
armamentarium of wound healing protocols.
Степан Рудик у громадсько-політичному житті Галичини першої половини ХХ ст.
Authors: Белінська Людмила
Published: October 2020

The purpose of the article is to cover the life path of unjustly forgotten Stepan Rudyk, socio-political figure, journalist, editor, who reflects the fate of the whole generation of Galician Ukrainians in the Austro-Hungarian and Polish states. The author analyzes the biography of a publicist against the backdrop of dramatic events of the 1920s and 1930s in western Ukraine, which reflect the struggle of Ukrainians for national identity and state-building aspirations. Research methodology is based on a combination of different scientific methods: historical, biographical, prosopographic, analytical, synthetic. The scientific novelty of the work is to introduce the general public unknown materials and archival documents concerning Stepan Rudyk's personal data and shed light on his contribution to the construction of Ukrainian civil society in Galicia in the context of Polish colonial discourse. This is accentuated by the personal deeds of Stepan Rudyk, who testified to daily patriotism and devotion to the Ukrainian idea. Conclusions. Generations of Galician Ukrainians, who were born in the late XIX and early XX centuries, have gone through the difficult way of fighting to have an opportunity to receive education in their mother tongue and to have their own state. They defended their nation-building ideals with weapons in the ranks of the Ukrainian Galician Army, in student associations, editorial of cultural journals, which led to persecution and arrests by the Polish authorities. A highly educated graduate of the University of Vienna, khorunzhyi of Ukrainian Galician Army, editor of “Striletska Dumka” and Lviv magazine “Kultura” – Stepan Rudyk –  was killed in a Soviet prison.
Основні вектори громадсько-політичної діяльності сільського жіноцтва Волині наприкінці 1920-х-на початку 1930-х років
Authors: Стародубець Галина
Published: October 2020

The purpose of the article is to determine the main directions of social and political activities of rural women in Volyn during the period of deployment of the policy of collectivization in agricultural economy in the late 1920s - early 1930s. The research methodology is based on general scientific (analysis, synthesis, abstraction and generalization) and specifically historical methods (historical-typological, historical-systemic and method of diachronic analysis of socio-historical reality) in combination with the principles of historicism, objectivity, systematic and development. The scientific novelty of the research is as follows. For the first time the subject of the study was rural women in Volyn during the first Stalinist Five-Year Plan. The main factors which influenced the dynamics of the inclusion of Volyn peasants in the process of socialist transformations in the village are identified. The author determines the forms and ways of involving activists women in the organization of agitation and propaganda work among their fellow villagers on their participation in local council elections, elimination of illiteracy, struggle against "class hostiles" in the village and creation of collective farms. Conclusions. During the 1920s, the Soviet government paid considerable attention to solving the so-called "women's issue." During the deployment of the course for the socialist reorganization of the village, women's departments activated their efforts to involve activists women in the process of implementation the tasks of the Bolshevik Party, primarily regarding creation of collective farms. In the period studied there were following important vectors of social and political activities of women in Volyn villages: 1. Political socialization of peasant women by involving them in local council elections; to work in village councils as part of both departments, deputies and officials (chairmen and secretaries of village councils). 2. Participation in the campaign to eliminate low literacy and illiteracy among adult population, whose literacy rate in this region was one of the lowest in Ukraine. 3. Carrying out an agitation and propaganda campaign to support the Stalin's policy of collectivization of agricultural economy and the struggle against the "class-hostile elements" of the village.
Проблема підкинутих дітей на тлі модернізаційних процесів Російської імперії наприкінці ХІХ – на початку ХХ ст. (на прикладі підросійської України)
Authors: Кругляк Марина
Published: October 2020

The purpose of the article is to outline the scale of the tossing of newborn children in sub-Russian Ukraine in the end of 19th – early 20th centuries, to determine the causes of this phenomenon, the participation of the state and the public in caring for social orphans and measures to combat this deviation. The methodology of the research is based on a combination of general scientific (analysis, synthesis, generalization, comparison, systematization) and special-historical methods (historical-structural, constructive-genetic, historical-comparative) with the principles of objectivity, historicism, and consistency. Scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that for the first time in domestic and foreign historiography the problem of foundlings in the Russian Empire of the end of 19th – early 20th centuries (on the example of the sub-Russian Ukraine) is comprehensively considered, including the reasons for the throwing of children, the scale of this phenomenon is outlined, the effectiveness of state and public institutions in caring for social orphans is determined. Conclusions. Tossing children is a natural phenomenon for a society that is going through the processes of modernization and urbanization. It is based on socio-economic and psychological factors. Population growth in the Russian Empire and sub-Russian Ukraine in particular, which became possible as a result of the abolition of serfdom in 1861, the completion of the industrial

revolution in the 1880s, the active development of capitalism, the spread of emancipation movements and trends in the development of Western culture in society, legal prostitution status, etc. caused the degradation of the institution of marriage and the beginning of the devaluation of the family as the basis of a patriarchal society. The overwhelming majority of mothers leaving their children to fend for themselves are rural girls who could not find a high-paying job in the city, became victims of fraudsters and gentlemen. At the end of the 19th century, local governments (zemstvos) and public organizations took an active part in the creation of orphanages. The state did not have time to centrally respond to new challenges of society and did not carry out work to prevent the throwing of children. Police work was ineffective. The high morbidity and mortality of foundlings in orphanages were caused by an unsatisfactory level of medical care and excessive bureaucratization of the state apparatus.
Зародження та початок діяльності чорносотенців на Волині
Authors: Цецик Ярослав
Published: October 2020

The aim of the article is to study the origin of the Black Hundred movement in Volyn in this period.  The author clarifies the role of the Orthodox clergy in the formation of the NRC's organizational network.  The key directions of their work are analyzed.  The research methodology is based on a combination of special historical, general scientific and interdisciplinary research methods using the principles of historicism, objectivity and scientificity.  The scientific novelty of the work is that: the peculiarities of the formation of the Black Hundred movement in Volyn are analyzed;  the role of the Orthodox clergy in the activities of the studied political group has been clarified;  the main doctrinal provisions of the organization, the social base on which it relied in its activities are determined;  the role of the clergy in electoral processes is studied;  the role of the Black Hundreds in the complication of interethnic relations in the polyethnic society of the region is highlighted.  Conclusions.  Since their formation, the Russian Black Hundreds have begun purposeful and active activities in Volhynia.  At the initial stage of their work, they focused on the formation of the organizational network.  Given that at the origins of the Volyn branches of the NRC stood the Orthodox clergy, whose ideological instigators were Bishop Anthony and Archimandrite of the Pochaiv Lavra Vitaly, they managed to quickly form a powerful network of rural departments of the organization.  The main social base that replenished the ranks of the Black Hundreds were local peasants.  This is explained by the fact that the parish priests, following the orders of the diocese's leadership, were actively involved in the development of the NRC's organizational network.  Since their formation, the Black Hundreds have taken an outspoken anti-Polish and anti-Jewish stance which has found expression in the pages of their press.  At the same time, they advocated the preservation of autocracy, strengthening the role of the ROC.
Брацлавщина в світлі теорії фронтиру крізь призму земельного питання
Authors: Кароєва Тетяна
Published: October 2020

Purpose. Creating a new territorial structure is planned within the reform of decentralization of Ukraine. All suggested approaches are based on geographical, historical, economic, and transport criteria but do not take into account the specifics of the population identity in the regions. To draw attention to the distinctness of the population in the territories that once belonged to Bratslavshchina. Methods. The theoretical basis of the analysis is the "big man’s frontier" theory, i.e. the frontier theory in Australian rework. Scientific novelty. The distinctness of the Bratslav variant of the Ukrainian frontier lies in the fact that it was here where the main tense confrontation took place between several powerful opponents who laid claims to the Ukrainian lands, which were the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Tsardom of Muscovy/the Russian Empire, the Crimean Khanate, and the Ottoman Empire. The struggle around the land issue led to consequences similar to the Australian frontier: large land tenure, long-term predominance of slave labor, popularity of socialist ideas, and the victory of state socialism. This determined such identity traits as the duality of population behavior, i.e. collectivism along with individualism and institutional loyalty along with being prepared to offer resistance. However, the nature of the Bratslav frontier developing seemingly similar features is different. The context of the “land issue” allows us to consider the population identity in these territories under the conditions of the frontier from the property, legal, and ethnographic points of view. Conclusions. Since the analysis was performed only in the context of the land issue, it is necessary to proceed with it taking into account other perspectives, such as religion, customary law, national consciousness in the twentieth century, and collective and historical memory.
Священницька родина Мовчанівських: краєзнавець, археолог та громадський діяч Теодосій Мовчанівський
Authors: Лісовська Ольга
Published: October 2020

The aim of the article is to summarize the biographical materials of the Molchanovskyi’s priestly dynasty, representatives of the spiritual elite of Uman in the XIX – early XX centuries, and a detailed examination of the activities of one of the family members – Feodosii Movchanovskyi, a famous scientist, ethnographer, archaeologist, and philanthropist. The research methodology is based on a set of principles and methods of cognition aimed at an objective, comprehensive coverage of facts, phenomena, and events. Defining among them are the general principles of science, historicism, consistency, pluralism, objectivity. The use of these methods made it possible to carry out a systematic analysis of the sources, in their interconnection made it possible to personify the Molchanovskyi family. Scientific novelty. The article drafted and summarizes the biographies of the most outstanding representatives of the Molchanovskyi priestly family and clarifies their role in the socio-political and national-cultural life of Ukraine in the XIX and early XX centuries. For the first time, information from archival sources was introduced into scientific circulation, in which still unknown information from the life of Molchanovskyi was disclosed. Conclusions. Research and reproduction of the biography of the Molchanovskyi priestly dynasty showed that its descendants were bright and extraordinary personalities, whose educational level was quite high. It was the spiritual elite of the society, contributed to the formation of the moral and ethical foundations of the public worldview. They were closer to the people and had the greatest influence on the formation of their opinion. Their education and spirituality were an example for parishioners, with their sermons they laid the foundations of spirituality on the principles of universal human virtues. Of course, the Molchanovskyi family went down not only in the history of Uman but also in Ukraine, making their contribution to its development. Among its names is honorably inscribed the name of Feodosii Mykolayovych Movchanovskyi, who devoted his entire life to the honorable cause of identifying, researching, and preserving monuments of archeology, history, and culture, to the case of an archivist, museum expert, and local historian.
Association of Baldness with Coronary Artery Disease and Its Severity
Authors: Arefi Reza , Pishgahi Mehdi , Joharimoghaddam Adel , Momeni Mohammad Ali , Khoshfetrat Mehran
Published: October 2020

Background: The pivotal role of baldness as a potential risk factor for cardiovascular disorders remains a debate, and the small body of literature has generated inconsistent findings. We aimed to assess the association between baldness and the risk for coronary artery disease (CAD) and its severity in a sample of Iranian men. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 105 consecutive patients suspected to CAD and scheduled for elective coronary angiography. The severity of CAD was determined according to the number of involved coronary vessels. For assessing the severity of baldness, the Hamilton-Norwood scale for grading of androgenetic alopecia in males was used. Results: The overall frequency of CAD in the groups with and without baldness was 88.9% and 72.5%, respectively, indicating a significant difference (P=0.033). Similarly, patients with the family history of baldness suffered more from CAD as compared to those without history (93.3% vs.76.0%). However, no significant association was found between the baldness and non-baldness groups with regard to the severity of CAD (P=0.291). According to the multivariable logistic regression model, the presence of baldness could predict the increased likelihood of CAD (or=3.037, P=0.046). Conclusion: Along with traditional risk factors for CAD, the presence of baldness and positive family history of this phenotype could be considered as the primary determinant for the increasing likelihood of CAD. [GMJ.2020;9:e1474]
Value of Delta Fractional Flow Reserve (ΔFFR) For Predicting Coronary Ischemic Lesions
Authors: Eslami Vahid , Safi Morteza , Namazi Mohammad hasan , Pishgahi Mehdi , Eftekharzade Amir , Eftekharzadeh Sayyed Ali
Published: October 2020

Background: The decrease in fractional flow reserve (FFR) after adenosine administration from baseline FFR value (termed as ΔFFR) may reflect the compensatory capacity of the microvascular circulation and thus may predict significant coronary stenotic lesions. We aimed to investigate whether baseline FFR and ΔFFR can help identify the coronary ischemic lesion and its severity. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 154 consecutive patients (Mean age 62.42 ± 9.36 years) that underwent coronary angiography and with definitive intermediate coronary lesions at any of the coronary vessels. FFR was calculated by dividing the mean distal intracoronary pressure by the mean arterial pressure. ΔFFR was also defined as the difference between baseline FFR and hyperemic FFR (considering FFR<0.75 as the criteria for ischemia). Results: The area under receiver-operating characteristic curve for baseline FFR was found as 0.933, and for ΔFFR was 0.946 indicated high values of both indices for predicting ischemic lesions. The best cut-off point for baseline FFR and ΔFFR for discriminating ischemic lesions from the normal condition was 89.5 (yielding a sensitivity of 92.2% and a specificity of 68.0%) and 9.5 (yielding a sensitivity of 96.0% and a specificity of 85.3%), respectively. Conclusion: Our study could successfully demonstrate the high value of both baseline FFR and ΔFFR for predicting coronary ischemic lesions with the cut-off values of <89.5 and >9.5, respectively. [GMJ.2020;9:e1528]
ANALISIS PANAS KONDENSOR AC SPLIT DENGAN VARIASI PUTARAN FAN UNTUK PENGERINGAN PADI
Authors: Kurniawan Yudhy , Kusnandar Kusnandar , Rohmat Yusup Nur , Wardika Wardika
Published: October 2020

AbstrakPenggunaan Air Conditioning (AC) Split yang biasanya dipakai untuk keperluan pengondisian udara untuk kenyamanan, pada penelitian ini AC Split juga dimanfaatkan untuk pengeringan padi. Pengeringan padi dengan menggunakan AC Split ini merupakan jenis pengerinagn buatan yang mempunyai kelebihan dibanding dengan pengeringan alami yaitu waktu pengeringan yang lebih singkat. Pada AC Split udara panas yang dihasilkan dari kondensor yang dibuang ke lingkungan secara percuma akan dialirkan melalui sebuah saluran udara untuk dimanfaatkan untuk pengeringan padi. Pemanfaatan panas kondensor ini dilakukan untuk untuk mengetahui pengeringan padi dengan menggunakan variasi pengaturan kecepatan fan kondensor. Pada AC Split dilakukan untuk mengetahui laju pengeringan padi dengan kecepatan putaran fan sebesar 450 rpm dan 800 rpm.  Dari hasil data yang didapatkan selama 1,5 jam pada proses pengeringan padi diperoleh besarnya pengeringan padi berkurang sekitar 8% dan 12% untuk putaran fan kondensor 450 rpm dan 800 rpm. Adapun temperatur udara tertinggi dihasilkan oleh panas kondensor adalah sebesar 53,6oC. Adapun kelembaban relatifnya udaranya (Relative Humidity) adalah sebesar 15%.Kata Kunci: Pengeringan padi, AC Split, Panas kondensor, putaran fanAbstractThe use of Split of Air Conditioning (AC) which is usually used for air conditioning for human convenience. However, in this study Split AC is also used for drying rice. Rice drying using Split AC is a type of artificial drying that has an advantage compared to natural consumption, which is shorter drying. In Split AC the hot air generated from the condenser released into the environment is useless will be flowed through the air duct to be used for drying rice. The use of condenser heat is carried out to find out how to grow rice by using variations in the condenser fan speed regulation. In Split AC, it is done to find out the flow of drying with a variation fan rotation speed of 450 rpm and 800 rpm. From the results of the data experiment for taking around 1.5 hours in the drying process obtained 8% and 12% for the 450 rpm and 800 rpm condenser fan rotation each. Although the temperature of the air produced by the condenser heat is 53.6oC and 50.6oC. The other data of relative humidity of the air (Relative Humidity) is 15%.Keywords: Rice driyer, Split AC, condenser heat, fan rotation
The Role of Musharakah in the Economic Development of Tehsil Dargai, District Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Authors: Suhail Ahmad  , Ejaz Aslam  , Prof. Dr. S. Ghiasul Haq  , Prof. Dr. Mohd Ma'Sum Billah
Published: October 2020

Islamic finance industry has been growing for the last twenty years, both in Muslim and non-Muslim countries around the world. There are different modes of Islamic finance which provide job opportunities across the globe. In Pakistan, the contemporaneous growth of Islamic banking and finance is not different from other countries. Islamic banking and finance does not only provide employment for individuals, indeed it also offers various products and services to customers across the country. Musharakah is a form of business in Islamic finance that is being adopted rapidly by most of the customers in Islamic banking and finance institutions. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the role of Islamic finance, mainly how Musharakah is playing its due role in creating employment and maintaining sustainable development projects which in turn are causes of the development of the economy, particularly of Tehsil Dargai. For this purpose, this study collected data through a questionnaire that was randomly distributed among 100 respondents in Tehsil Dargai, District Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan and the response rate was 60%. We found that Islamic finance is rapidly growing in Dargai; indeed, people are practicing different modes of Islamic finance and Musharakah is the most popular form of Islamic finance in this area. This study utilizes limited data because it was only conducted in Dargai.
Executivo e Judiciário sob a ótica do cabimento de mandado de segurança nos Juizados Especiais
Authors: Moraes Ricardo Quartim de
Published: October 2020

O trabalho analisa a atual tendência jurisprudencial acerca do não cabimento do Mandado de Segurança nos Juizados Especiais enquanto sintoma das profundas transformações na inter-relação entre os Poderes da República durante os últimos dois séculos. A análise da evolução histórica do cabimento do Mandado de Segurança no Brasil dentro da perspectiva sócio-política revela ser o Mandado de Segurança um bom índice da saúde democrática e constitucional de cada período histórico. Em seguida, investigamos os novos paradigmas jurídico-políticos trazidos pelo advento da Constituição Federal de 1988, bem como suas patologias, no intuito de melhor compreender a nova posição do Judiciário, do Legislativo e do Executivo nos dias de hoje. O cotejo do resultado deste exame com a atual jurisprudência acerca do não cabimento de Mandado de Segurança nos Juizados Especiais permite entrever uma similaridade histórica entre o atual momento do Judiciário e a antiga história do Poder Executivo com o instituto.
جودة الاداء التمريضي:مقترح نظام تطبيقي لجودة اداء الممرضين العاملين في مستشفى كركوك العام
Authors: العكيدي سوسن , عبداه فائزة
Published: October 2020

Nursing performance is the mainstay of providing quality treatment services that are satisfactory to the patient. Given the importance of the role played by nurses in health organizations, it is necessary to design a system that ensures monitoring and monitoring the quality of nursing performance, which gives indications about the type of service and its characteristics and their conformity with health professional requirements. Hence the importance of research, It is hoped that this system will contribute to improving the level of nursing services. The problem of research is that the absence of a framework for quality control system and its basic requirements and procedures
leads to poor performance of nurses. The existence of a system of quality control on nursing performance in all its procedures and requirements leads to increase the effectiveness of nursing
services and thus improve the level of health services, and a number of results and suggestions have been reached which we hope will be useful for the sample in question.