bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial Function Influences Expression of Methamphetamine-Induced Motor Sensitization
Authors: Calma I. Daphne , Persons Amanda L. , Napier T. Celeste
Published: August 2021

Repeated methamphetamine use leads to neuronal maladaptations resulting in addictions. Mechanisms that underpin such adaptations have high energy requirements, implicating mitochondria involvement in addiction-related processes. We pharmacologically explored this possibility in methamphetamine self-administering rats. Motor sensitization a readout that is thought to reflect brain maladaptations akin to those occurring in methamphetamine abusing humans. This was assessed to determine (i) if a short access self-administration protocol results in the expression of motor sensitization, (iii) if and when, mitochondrial function is critical for protracted maintenance and (iii) whether drug contingency influences motor sensitization. Rats self-administered iv methamphetamine for 3 hours per day for 14 days. Those with iv cannula that failed patency were redeployed as non-contingent methamphetamine-matched animals. At three different times during forced abstinence, mitochondrial function was impaired with a low dose of the toxin, rotenone (1mg/kg/day) via a osmotic minipump. Motor sensitization was determined during an acute treatment of methamphetamine (1.25mg/kg sc) on abstinence day 62. Methamphetamine self-administration was sufficient to induce motor sensitization. Rotenone administration prevented the expression of sensitization, but the profile depended on abstinence time exposure. Drug contingency also influenced sensitization profiles. Mitochondrial function underpins neuronal plasticity associated with maintenance of motor sensitization induced by methamphetamine self-administration.
Effect of a Decellularized Omentum Scaffold With Combination of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Platelet Rich Plasma on Healing of Critical-sized Bone Defect
Authors: Emet Abdulsamet , Ozdemir Erdi , Cetinkaya Duygu Uckan , Kilic Emine , Yuruker Ali Celalettin Sinan , Hashemihesar Ramin , Turhan Egemen
Published: August 2021

Background: High-cost and the long time needed for the treatment of critical-sized bone defects is still major clinical concern in orthopedic surgery, therefore new research continues to identify more cost and time-effective methods. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of a decellularized omentum scaffold with a combination of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and mesenchymal stem cells on the healing of critical- sized bone defects. Materlials and methods: Wistar albino rats (n­=30) were investigated in five groups. Critical-sized bone defects were formed on bilateral radius shafts. To increase healing, no scaffold, decellularized omentum, omentum with with PRP and omentum mesenchymal stem cells was used in group 1 (control group) , 2, 3 and 4 respectively. In addition omentum with a combination of mesenchymal stem cells and PRP was used in group 5. After 6 weeks, both radiological and histological healing were evaluated comparatively among groups. Results: After use of decellularized omentum scaffold, vitality of new cells maintained, new bone formation occurred. When compared to control group, radiological healing was statistically significantly better in omentum and omentum with PRP-treated groups (p=0.047). Furthermore histological healing was better in the omentum and omentum with PRP-treated groups than both control and omentum with mesenchymal stem cell-treated groups according to Salkeld Scoring System (p=0.001).Conclusion: The use of decellularized omentum scaffold is suitable in the healing of critical bone defects.
Are Children Suffering From Congenital Pseudarthrosis of the Tibia Associated With Bone Quality Decreased?
Authors: Yang Ge , Xu Siyu , Tan Qian , Zhu Guanghui , Liu Yaoxi , Yu Hui , Mei Haibo
Published: August 2021

Background: Congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia (CPT) is a rare and difficult to treat congenital disease in neonates. Our team's previous study found that exosomes derived from serum of children with CPT can reduce the effect of bone formation. In this study, we used ultrasound bone densitometry to detect the bone quality between children with CPT and those non-metabolic disease children, to determine the bone strength of children with CPT. Methods: A total of 37 CPT children and 40 children without the bone metabolic disease (control group) were recruited in our hospital. The ultrasonic bone densitometer was used to examine the bilateral calcaneus of the subjects. According to the measurement results, we collected the broadband ultrasonic attenuation (BUA), sound transmission velocity (SOS), quantitative ultrasound index (QUI), bone strength index(STI) and bone mineral density estimation(BMDe) values. For the intergroup analysis, t test was used to determine the differences of various quantitative measurements. Multivariable regression was used to examine the associations between quantitive ultrasound measurements differences and age, body mass index (BMI), neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and CPT Crawford type. Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated to estimate intra- and inter-rater agreements. Results: Seventy-four calcaneus scans from CPT patients (23 boys and 14 girls) and 80 calcaneus scans (24 boys and 16 girls) from the control. The CPT patients exhibited significantly lower SOS (1368.75±136.78 m/s), STI (7.2319±38.6525), QUI (8.2532±56.1720) and BMDe (-0.0241±0.3552 g/cm3) than the control (SOS: 1416.02±66.15 m/s, STI: 7.96±16.884, QUI: 28.8299±25.461, BMDe: 0.0180±0.1610 g/cm3). Multiple linear regression revealed that SOS, STI, QUI was statistically significant and negatively correlated with CPT Crawford classification.Conclusions: We found the incidence of decreased bone quality in CPT group was higher than that in the non-bone metabolic disease group. This phenomenon was not related to NF1 while related to CPT Crawford classification, which suggested that the higher grade of the CPT Crawford classification, the lower the bone strength and the higher the risk of fracture.
Transcriptional Responses of Daphnis nerii Larval Midgut to Oral Infection by 2 Daphnis nerii cypovirus-23
Authors: Kuang Wendong , Yan Chenghua , Zhan Zhigao , Guan Limei , Wang Jinchang , Chen Junhui , Li Jianghuai , Ma Guangqiang , Zhou Xi , Jin Liang
Published: August 2021

Background: Daphnis nerii cypovirus-23 (DnCPV-23) is a new type of cypovirus and has lethal effect on the oleander hawk moth, Daphnis nerii , which feeds on leave of Oleander and Catharanthus et al. After DnCPV-23 infection, the change of Daphnis nerii responses has not been reported.Methods: In order to better understand the pathogenic mechanism of DnCPV-23 infection, 3rdinstar Daphnis nerii larvae were orally infected with DnCPV-23 occlusion bodies and the transcriptional responses of the Daphnis nerii midgut were analyzed 72 h post-infection using RNA-seq.Results: The results showed that 1,979 differentially expressed Daphnis nerii transcripts in the infected midgut had been identified. KEGG analysis showed that protein digestion and absorption, Toll and Imd signaling pathway were down-regulated. Based on the result, it was possible the function of food digestion and absorption in insect midgut was impaired after virus infection. In addition, the down-regulation of the immune response may be conducive to viral immune escape. Glycerophospholipid metabolism and xenobiotics metabolism were up-regulated. These two types of pathways may affect the viral replication and xenobiotic detoxification of insect, respectively. Conclusion: These results may facilitate a better understanding of the changes in Daphnis nerii metabolism during cypovirus infection and serve as a basis for future research on the molecular mechanism of DnCPV-23 invasion.
The Giant Parathyroid Adenoma: The largest ever reported
Authors: Mahmodlou Rahim , Sedokani Amin , Pezeshk Apameh , Najafinejad Bita
Published: August 2021

BackgroundGiant parathyroid adenoma is defined as weight >3.5gr and size of more than 2cm.Case PresentationThis report describes the largest primary parathyroid adenoma according to the literature. The case is a 48-year-old man referred to the clinic with knee and lower back pain. He had a history of mitral valve replacement and several episodes of bilateral nephrolithiasis. After a thorough assessment, a neck mass with a possible thyroid origin was detected but further assessment showed it was of parathyroid origin. The resected mass was 9×6×4cm and weighed 122gr, and histopathology showed a giant parathyroid adenoma.ConclusionGiant parathyroid adenomas which weigh more than 110gr and are larger than 8cm can lead to significant hypercalcemia. Despite the size of the giant parathyroid adenomas and high parathyroid hormone levels, a calcium crisis may not always occur in these patients and the masses may be initially misdiagnosed as a thyroid mass.
Guillain Barré Syndrome as Primary Presentation of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE-GBS) in a Teenage Girl: A Case Report
Authors: Beshir Elham , Belt Ernestina , Chencheri Nidheesh , Ismail Aqdas , Pallavidino Marco , Teherggen Ulrich , Abdalla Abdalla , Herlitz Leal , Sharif Elsadeg , Bitzan Martin
Published: August 2021

Background: Peripheral nervous system (PNS) involvement, including Guillain Barré Syndrome (GBS), accounts for fewer than 10% of SLE cases with neuropsychiatric manifestations. GBS as the presenting, major manifestation of pediatric SLE is extremely rare, and the best treatment approach is unknown. Case presentation: A 14-year-old, previously healthy female Emirati teenager presented with a classic picture of GBS with ascending, progressive bilateral muscle weakness leading to respiratory insufficiency within five weeks of symptom onset, associated with typical protein-cell dissociation in cerebro-spinal fluid and nerve root enhancement demonstrated by spinal MRI. Subsequently, elevated anti-dsDNA and anti-Smith/RNP and anti-SS-A and -B antibody concentrations were detected in serum, suggestive of SLE. GBS treatment was initiated with IVIG and methylprednisolone pulses, with minimal improvement. The patient required endotracheal intubation and ventilation, followed by a second course of IVIG, rituximab, and eventually plasma exchange (PLEX) therapy. The diagnosis of lupus-associated GBS was corroborated by a kidney biopsy demonstrating lupus nephritis WHO class II with “full house” immunofluorescence pattern. After 14 PLEX sessions, her muscle strength and respiratory efforts had improved substantially. Treatment was completed with two more rituximab infusions, followed by mycophenolate mofetil, in addition to HCQ and tapering doses of oral prednisolone. Five weeks after the last PLEX treatment, she had regained her usual strength and achieved full, sustained recovery from GBS. While she continued to demonstrate moderate anti-dsDNA antibodies and high-level anti-Smith and Sjogren antibodies, C3, C4 and urine readings quickly normalized with no other manifestations of lupus or lupus nephritis 11 months after the initial assessment. At this time she was maintained with hydroxychloroquine, with ongoing depletion of circulating B cells. To our knowledge, this is only the third pediatric patient reported with SLE-GBS.Conclusions: We report severe GBS as the first, dominant manifestation of pediatric SLE. Our case and a review of the literature reveal that cconventional GBS therapy may not be adequate to treat this rare lupus presentation. SLE should be included in the differential diagnosis of GBS. Importantly, treatment experiences and outcomes of such cases need be reported to inform future treatment recommendations.
A Case of Onset and Treatment on Purtscher’s Retinopathy in a Single Eye
Authors: Yuan Ting , Lian Haitong , Gao Chao
Published: August 2021

Background:Purtscher’s retinopathy is an occlusive microvasculopathy caused by traumatic injuries, especially like head and chest injuries. The exact mechanism of injury remains unclear, and Most case reports about Purtscher’s retinopathy focused on the symptoms of fundus, and did not provide detailed medical treatments. Case presentation: In this case, the patient suffered suddenly vision loss in the right eye one day after a traffic accident with moderate head and chest injuries. Ocular examinations revealed typical characteristics of cotton wool spots, and minimal intraretinal hemorrhages around the optic disc. 5 different drugs were used in this patient. 15 days after the treatment (corticosteroids and traditional Chinese medicine), the vision of the patient was improved and the symptoms (cotton wool spots, hemorrhages, retinal edema and visual field) were alleviated obviously. Conclusions: Corticosteroids and traditional Chinese medicines used in our case did improve the vision of the patient, and alleviated the symptoms of fundus.
Development of A Novel Expression System In Lactic Acid Bacteria Controlled By A Broad-Host-Range Promoter PsrfA
Authors: Guan Chengran , Yuan Yuan , Ma Yan , Wang Xin , Zhang Chenchen , Lu Maolin , Gu Ruixia , Chen Dawei
Published: August 2021

Background: Latic acid bacteria (LAB) are exploited for development of gene expression system owing to its health promoting properties and a high degree of safety status. Most of the expression systems were constructed in Lactobacillus lactis with inducible promoters. It is necessary to exploit novel promoters to develop LAB host platforms which are indispensable in dairy and health application to satisfy the production demand of increased number of target-genes. Previously, promoter PsrfA had been displayed broad host range and used to construct auto-inducible expression system in B. subtilis and E. coli. In this work, the feasibility of PsrfA in lactic acid bacteria (LAB) was estimated.Results: Plasmid with the green fluorescent protein (GFP) inserting downstream of PsrfA was transformed into L. casei 5257, L. plantarum 97, L. fermentum 087 and Weissella confusa 10, respectively. The recombinant strains grew well and displayed different fluorescence which could be detected by spectrophotometer and laser scanning confocal microscope. Moreover, the promoter activity was strain- specifically influenced by particular carbon and nitrogen sources. Heterologous laccase CotA could be expressed by PsrfA in L. casei 5257-05 and L. plantarum 97-06. By adjusting the pH value from 4.5 to 6.5 during incubation, the CotA activity of L. plantarum 97-05 and L. casei 5257-05 was increased by 137.7 % and 61.5 %, respectively. Finally, the fermentation pH was variably up-regulated along with the production of NADH oxidase controlled by the PsrfA and its derivative mutated with core regions. Conclusions: These data suggested that PsrfA was valid for gene expression in different species of LAB. Moreover, PsrfA could be used as an attractive candidate for fine-tuning gene expression in a broad range of procaryotic expression plants.
Modification of cellulose nanocrystals with 2-carboxyethyl acrylate in the presence of epoxy resin to enhance its adhesive property
Authors: Aziz Tariq , Zheng Jieyuan , Mehmood Sahid , Ali Amjad , Haq Fazal , Jamil M I , Ullah Roh , Khan Farman Ullah , Kiran Mehwish , Iqbal Mudassir , Ullah Asmat
Published: August 2021

We synthesized the cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) by using cotton as a raw material, then it was modified with 2-carboxyethyl acrylate to improve its adhesion and thermal properties. CNCs was chosen as a modifier to improve the interfacial adhesion between the reinforced nanocrystals and E-51 epoxy resin system. This gives a better modulus of elasticity, a lower coefficient of energy, and thermal expansion. Significant improvements in modulus properties, strength, transparency and thermal stability were observed with modified cellulose nanocrystals (MCNCs) compared with the standard sample. SEM, and transmission electron microscope (TEM), powder diffraction (XRD), (TGA and DTG) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used for the isolation of synthetic (native and modified) cellulose nanocrystals. In addition, the MCNCs adhesion properties with E-51 (Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether) epoxy resins were also investigated using the Zwick/Roell Z020 model.
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Produced Long-Term Synaptic Enhancement in The Anterior Cingulate Cortex of Adult Mice
Authors: Miao Hui-Hui , Miao Zhuang , Pan Ji-Gang , Li Xu-Hui , Zhuo Min
Published: August 2021

Previous studies show that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is one of diffusible messengers for enhancing synaptic transmission in the hippocampus. Less information is available for possible roles of BDNF in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). In the present study, we used 64-electrode array field recording system to investigate the effect of BDNF on ACC excitatory transmission. We found that BDNF enhanced synaptic responses in a dose-dependently manner in the ACC. The enhancement was long-lasting, and persisted for at least three hours. In addition to the enhancement, BDNF also recruited inactive synaptic responses in the ACC. Bath application of the tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) receptor antagonist K252a blocked BDNF-induced enhancement. L-type voltage-gated calcium channels (L-VGCC), metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), but not NMDA receptors were required for BDNF-produced enhancement. Moreover, calcium-stimulated adenylyl cyclase subtype 1 (AC1) but not AC8 was essential for the enhancement. A selective AC1 inhibitor NB001 completely blocked the enhancement. Furthermore, BDNF-produced enhancement occluded theta burst stimulation (TBS) induced long-term potentiation (LTP), suggesting that they may share similar signaling mechanisms. Finally, the expression of BDNF-induced enhancement depends on postsynaptic incorporation of calcium-permeable AMPA receptors (CP-AMPARs) and protein kinase Mζ (PKMζ). Our results demonstrate that cortical BDNF may contribute to synaptic potentiation in the ACC.
Early oral feeding after subtotal esophagectomy with immediate esophageal reconstruction as a component of ERAS protocol. A prospective randomized study
Authors: Raevskaya M. B. , Kovalerova Natalia B. , Ruchkin D. V. , Yan M. N. , Plotnikov G. P.
Published: August 2021

Introduction. Despite increasing trends toward the early initiation of oral feeding after gastrointestinal surgeries, current evidence about feeding patients after esophagectomy (EE) with gastric tube reconstruction has not been convincing. The further research is needed. The present clinical trial aimed to compare the clinical outcomes of early oral feeding (EOF) with late oral feeding following EE with gastric conduit reconstruction.
Objectives. To improve the results of treatment of patients after EE with gastric tube reconstruction by choosing the method of nutritional support in the postoperative period.
Materials and methods. Forty patients undergoing esophagectomy with gastric conduit reconstruction enrolled in this prospective randomized controlled trial, and were randomly assigned to a group starting EOF on the first postoperative day (POD) and another group that remained nil by mouth and got parenteral feeding until the 5 POD. The clinical and surgical outcomes were compared between the two groups.
Results. Comparing the treatment results of both groups, we did not find a statistically significant difference in the number of patients with postoperative complications in the main and control groups. The patients of EOF group had statistically significant earlier gas discharge-2 vs 4 (3–5.5) POD (p = 0.001) and the appearance of stool — 3 (2–3) vs 4 (2–4.5) POD (p = 0.0002). Early activisation and nutrition support, the absence of intestinal paresis allowed us to note a tendency to reduction of the total time of postoperative hospital stay — 7 (6.5–8.5) vs 8 (7–9) POD (p = 0.1).
Conclusions. Early oral nutrition in patients who have undergone EE with gastric conduit reconstruction is safe and effective. However, its use in routine practice is possible only if surgical safety is observed and within the framework of a perioperative support program that includes all the components of ERAS protocol.
A prospective randomized pilot study: The impact of the depth of neuromuscular blockade and modes of mechanical ventilation on surgical conditions during laparoscopic and robotic surgery
Authors: Klimov Andrei A. , Malakhova A. A. , Kamnev S. A. , Rudnitsky S. I. , Subbotin V. V.
Published: August 2021

Introduction. There is controversy in the literature as to whether deep neuromuscular blockade (NMB) improves the surgical conditions during laparoscopic surgery. We hypothesized that moderate NMB can be used with Pressure support ventilation Pro (PSVpro) during laparoscopic and robotic abdominal surgery without compromising the surgical conditions.
Objectives. The aim of the study is to assess the effect of moderate NMB with PSVpro ventilation on surgical conditions during laparoscopic and robotic surgery.
Materials and methods. The study included 36 patients scheduled for elective laparoscopic or robotic abdominal surgery under general anesthesia. All patients were randomized into two groups. Group 1 — moderate NMB and pressure support ventilation — PSVpro (N = 17 people), group 2 — intensive NMB and pressure control ventilation–volume guaranteed — PCV-VG (N = 19 people). Surgical conditions were evaluated using a the 5-point Leiden-Surgical Rating Scale (L-SRS) every 15 minutes. Additionally, the duration of anesthesia and surgery, the consumption of muscle relaxants and the level of intra-abdominal pressure were recorded.
Results. The median of 515 intermediate assessments in both groups was 5 [5; 5] points (minimum 3; maximum 5), no statistically significant differences (p = 0.28). The medians of the final assessments were also 5 [5; 5] points in group 1 (minimum 4; maximum 5) and 5 [5; 5] points in group 2 (minimum 4; maximum 5), no statistically significant differences between groups (p = 0.32). Final scores corresponding to acceptable, poor and extremely poor surgical conditions were not recorded.
Conclusions. The use of moderate NMB with PSVpro mode did not worsen surgical conditions during laparoscopy, but may reduce the consumption of muscle relaxants.
Lung ultrasound in COVID-19 pneumonia: comparison with computed tomography. An observation prospective clinical trial
Authors: Lakhin Roman E. , Zhirnova E. A. , Shchegolev A. V. , Jovanikić O. , Zheleznyak I. S. , Menkov I. A. , Salukhov V. V. , Chugunov A. A.
Published: August 2021

Introduction. Pneumonia is the most severe form of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19). The large area of damage and the high mortality rate in COVID-19 pose the challenge of rapid bedside diagnosis and dynamic monitoring of the volume and nature of lung tissue damage.

Objectives. The goal of the study was to compare the data obtained with computed tomography and ultrasound of the lungs, as well as the accuracy of ultrasound segment-by-segment verification of damage zones in patients with pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2.

Material and methods. The observational prospective clinical study included 388 patients aged 18–75 years; with a confirmed diagnosis of pneumonia caused by COVID-19 or suspected COVID-19. Lung ultrasound was performed within 24 hours after computed tomography (CT) of the chest. During the CT scan, pathological signs, infiltration, and consolidation of the lungs were determined, which were recorded by lung segments. Ultrasound of the lungs was performed according to the “Russian Protocol”, ultrasound signs in the lines and consolidation were also recorded based on the projection of the lung segments on the chest wall. An analysis was performed to describe and generalize the distributions of variables. The sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound methods were evaluated with ROC analysis against CT as a “gold standard”.

Results. Bilateral involvement was found in 100 % of cases. Typical signs of pneumonia caused by coronavirus infection on CT were a “ground glass” pattern, thickened pleura, consolidation, reticular pattern, and a “crazy paving” pattern. During ultrasound examination of the lungs and pleura, the detected signs corresponded to the signs of CT. B-lines (multifocal, discrete, or confluent) and consolidation of various volumes of lung tissue were most frequently encountered during ultrasound. The sensitivity of ultrasound of the lungs in the accuracy of the segment-by-segment diagnosis of damage by the sign of infiltration is 87.9 %, and the specificity is 91.5 % (the area under the ROC curve is 0.939; p < 0.001). The sensitivity of the ultrasonic sign of consolidation was 84.6 %, and the specificity was 79.2 % (the area under the ROC curve is 0.846; p < 0.001).

Conclusions. The use of ultrasound of the lungs during the COVID-19 allows us to identify and assess the volume and nature of lung damage. Thus, lung ultrasonography has demonstrated accuracy comparable to chest CT in detecting lung damage in patients with COVID-19.
Polyphenolic composition and Antioxidant Effect of Aerial Parts and Roots Extracts from Scorzonera veratrifolia
Authors: TAŞKIN Duygu , GEÇİM Mert , DOĞAN Ahmet , BECEREN Ayfer
Published: August 2021

Antioxidant activities of the different extracts (n-heptane, chloroform, methanol) from the roots and aerial parts of Scorzonera veratrifolia by maceration method, as well as total phenolic and flavonoid content were examined first time in this study. The findings revealed that the methanol extract from S. veratrifolia aerial parts exhibited greater DPPH radical scavenging (IC50: 0.62±0.60 mg/mL) and iron (III) reduction capacity (1.56±0.03 mM Fe2+/mg extract). Furthermore, aerial parts methanol extract has the highest concentration of total phenolic (46.3±1.1 mgGAE/g extract) and flavonoid (0.013±0.002 mg QE/mg extract) compounds. Based on these findings, the main phenolic content of aerial parts methanol extract was analyzed by LC-ESI-QTOF/MS, as this extract was found to contain the strongest antioxidant as well as the highest amount of phenolics and flavonoids as compared to the others. Quinic acid, chlorogenic acid, rutin, liquiritin, quercetin hexoside, luteolin-7-O-rutinoside, and di-O-caffeoylquinic acid compounds were identified as major compounds in methanol extract. The findings showed that aerial parts of S. veratrifolia, rather than its roots, could be used as a source of antioxidants.
Mott transition in a cavity-boson system: A quantitative comparison between theory and experiment
Authors: Lin Rui , Georges Christoph , Klinder Jens , Molignini Paolo , Büttner Miriam , Lode Axel U. J. , Chitra Ramasubramanian , Hemmerich Andreas , Keßler Hans
Published: August 2021

The competition between short-range and cavity-mediated infinite-range interactions in a cavity-boson system leads to the existence of a superfluid phase and a Mott-insulator phase within the self-organized regime. In this work, we quantitatively compare the steady-state phase boundaries of this transition measured in experiments and simulated using the Multiconfigurational Time-Dependent Hartree Method for Indistinguishable Particles. To make the problem computationally feasible, we represent the full system by the exact many-body wave function of a two-dimensional four-well potential. We argue that the validity of this representation comes from the nature of both the cavity-atomic system and the Bose-Hubbard physics. Additionally, we show that the chosen representation only induces small systematic errors, and that the experimentally measured and theoretically predicted phase boundaries agree reasonably well. We thus demonstrate a new approach for the quantitative numerical modeling for the physics of the superfluid--Mott-insulator phase boundary.
Entanglement entropy with Lifshitz fermions
Authors: Hartmann Dion , Kavanagh Kevin , Vandoren Stefan
Published: August 2021

We investigate fermions with Lifshitz scaling symmetry and study their entanglement entropy in 1+1 dimensions as a function of the scaling exponent z. Remarkably, in the ground state the entanglement entropy vanishes for even values of z, whereas for odd values it is independent of z and equal to the relativistic case with z=1. We show this using the correlation method on the lattice, and also using a holographic cMERA approach. The entanglement entropy in a thermal state is a more detailed function of z and T which we plot using the lattice correlation method. The dependence on the even- or oddness of z still shows for small temperatures, but is washed out for large temperatures or large values of z.
REVIEW: PATELLOFEMORAL PAIN SYNDROME
Authors:   MPT (Musculoskeletal)., Deuja Pratigya
Published: August 2021

Patellofemoral pain syndrome is a common musculoskeletal condition and a major cause for anterior knee pain. It has been associated with excessive compression between the patella and the lateral femoral condyle. It is one of those overuse disorder that can limit activity of daily living along with participation in sports. The prevalence is more on female than those of male with the ratio of 2:1 and it affect athletic female more solely due to greater internal rotation of femur during running which leads to greater hip adduction. The reason for patellofemoral pain syndrome have been multifactorial increased femoral internal rotation, decreased hip abduction and external rotation strength, decreased VMO function and lateral retinaculum tightness. These factor leads to increase in dynamic Q angle that directly increases patellofemoral contact pressure which map a way to patellofemoral pain syndrome. The literature will have an explanation about altered hip kinetics, kinematics and its association with patellofemoral pain syndrome along with rehab protocol for patients with the same condition.
RESPIRATORY CARE OF INTUBATED PATIENTS
Authors:   Nightingale Institute Of Nursing, Noida., Verma Shailendra , Nandan Lavanya ,   Nightingale Institute Of Nursing, Noida., Samuel Sibi ,   Nightingale Institute Of Nursing, Noida.
Published: August 2021

A pre experimental study to assess the effectiveness of planned teaching program regarding respiratory care of intubated patients in terms of knowledge and practice among the ICU staff nurses working in selected hospital at Delhi, NCR, The objective of the study was to assess the effectiveness of Plan Teaching Programme (PTP) on knowledge and practice regarding the respiratory care of intubated patient among ICU staff nurses. This study was conducted on 30 staff nurses of Lady Harding medical college and hospital Delhi NCR. Pre- experimental research design was adopted and purposive sampling technique was used to select the sample. A structured knowledge questionnaire of 25 questions and practice checklist of 30 items were prepared to assess the knowledge and practice of the staff nurses. Data obtained were analyzed and interpreted by using both descriptive and inferential statistics in terms of frequency, percentages, Mean, S.D and Co-relation. Findings showed that In Pre-test Majority of Staff Nurses i.e. 19 (63%) were having V. good knowledge respectively. Whereas in Post Test 17 (57%) were having excellent knowledge regarding care of intubated patient in ICU which indicates an increase in knowledge score. In Pre-test Majority of Staff Nurses i.e. 19 (63%) were having V. good knowledge respectively. Whereas in Post Test 17 (57%) were having excellent knowledge regarding care of intubated patient in ICU which indicates an increase in knowledge score. The mean Post test practice check list score of Staff Nurses is (21.63) which is higher than the mean Pre test practice check list (14.23), with the mean difference of 7.4. The obtained mean difference was found to be statistically significant. The calculated t value is 23.81 which is greater than the table value at 0.05 level of significance at df (29).The findings revealed that the coefficient of correlation between post test knowledge score and post test practice score regarding respiratory care of intubated patient in ICU among staff nurses is 0.94 which is statistically significant.
IMPACT OF PACKAGING ON CONSUMER BUYING INTENTION: A CASE ON PAPER BOAT
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Amity Global Business School Bhubaneswar., Mishra Ashamayee , Rath Sujata ,   Assistant Professor, Amity Global Business School Bhubaneswar., Jena Sibasis ,   Student, Amity Global Business School Bhubaneswar.
Published: August 2021

The main theme of the study is to investigate and testify how product packaging in businesses helps in influencing the consumer perception and buying intention as a whole. It is also to keep a track of all the possibilities which go in favour of businesses which in the end determines their success of product packaging.Packaging means keeping in mind the important factors to help in determining how well the product would be experienced by people in the primary level and in the secondary objective to ensure the safety and shelf life of the goods (increasing longevity of the product). Though often ignored for not being a major P in marketing, ignoring it leads to bad image of product people associate it with the product. Under the motto of first impression lasts long Packaging has its own subset of Ps.The product showcased here is Paperboat whose ideal packaging technique and unique product positioning brought about immense success in the market and still intrigues the consumer till date.The target population is people residing in different parts of Odisha, India who have used Paperboat at least once in a lifetime.
IN-VITROSTUDIES ON ANTIFUNGALACTIVITY OF SOMEMISTLETOE SPECIES
Authors:   Department of Botany, APMS Government Junior College, Gajapathinagaram., Neelima R. , Sujatha B. ,   Department of Botany, Andhra University, Vishakhapatnam., Ramana N.V. ,   Department of Botany, KRK Government Degree College, Addanki., Rao B.V. ,   Department of Botany, Andhra University, Vishakhapatnam.
Published: August 2021

In vitro evaluation of antifungal activity by disc diffusion method was carried out on leaf extracts of D.falcata, D. falcata var pubescens, V. monoicum and V. orientale and stem extracts of D. falcata, D. falcata var pubescens, V. articulatum and V.orientale using three different solvents viz., methanol, n-hexane and ethyl acetate. The antifungal activity was tested on three fungal strains include Fusarium oxysporum, Phytophthora infestans, Sclerotium rolfsii. Overall leaf extracts exerted better inhibitory activity than stem counterparts. Among all, only V. orientale was effective against the three fungal species.Compared to stem extracts, leaf extracts of D. falcata var pubescens have shown higher antifungal activity.
IMPLEMENTATION OF CIRCULAR DISCONTINUITIES IN CFRP BUMPER BEAM FOR MATERIAL SAVING: A CASE STUDY
Authors:   Professor, Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Trivandrum, Kerala, India., Babu Aravind , Jayakumar S. ,   Professor, Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Trivandrum, Kerala, India.
Published: August 2021

An automotive bumper system consists of an energy absorber, fascia and bumper beam. Among them, the bumper beam is the main component contributing to the overall weight of the vehicle. The bumper beam absorbs the kinetic energy during an accidental collision by deflection in low speed impact and by deformation in high speed impact. Carbon Fibre Reinforced Plastic (CFRP), being an extremely strong and lightweight composite, is a good candidate for bumper beam material. Earlier used in high performance cars CFRP is nowadays being promoted to be used in passenger cars also. The reinforcement beam is the vital part which ensures safety and needs to be validated through Finite Element Analysis (FEA). Therefore, the double hat bumper beam is impacted with a cylindrical impactor and analyzed in Abaqus. In this paper the bumper beam is analyzed after weight reduction by putting circular holes for material saving. Further the effect on cost of production is calculated. Above all, material saving reduces carbon footprint.
ACUTE TRANSVERSE MYELITIS AS A NEUROLOGICAL MANIFESTATION OF HASHIMOTOS THYROIDITIS: A CASE REPORT
Authors:   Service De Neurologie, HÃ´pital Militaire dinstruction Mohamed V, Rabat, Maroc., Ajamat Mohammed , Abdi Kadira ,   Service De Neurologie, HÃ´pital Militaire dinstruction Mohamed V, Rabat, Maroc., Ahizoun Aziz ,   Service De Neurologie, HÃ´pital Militaire dinstruction Mohamed V, Rabat, Maroc., Benmoh Youssouf ,   Service De Neurologie, HÃ´pital Militaire dinstruction Mohamed V, Rabat, Maroc., Satte Amal ,   Service De Neurophysiologie, HÃ´pital Militaire dinstruction Mohamed V, Rabat, Maroc., Ahmed Bourazza ,   Service De Neurologie, HÃ´pital Militaire dinstruction Mohamed V, Rabat, Maroc.
Published: August 2021

Spinal cord neurological disorders associated with Hashimotos disease are rare and very rarely described.Thediagnosis is based on a set of arguments with the performance of an exhaustive assessment in order to eliminate other possible causes of medullary neurological damage. In this case, we report a 21 years old man, who was admitted for a spinal cord syndrome with D12-L1 sensory level and was diagnosed with acute transverse myelitis associated with Hashimotos thyroiditis. The evolution was favorable with regression of the symptomatology after bolus of corticoids followed by oral corticotherapy.
CAPACIDAD DE RESILIENCIA SEGUN CREENCIA EN DIOS Y SEXO EN ESTUDIANTES UNIVERSITARIOS
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador, Santo Domingo, Ecuador., Ramon Sabando Garcia Mg. Angel , Ugando Penate PhD. Mikel ,   Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador, Santo Domingo, Ecuador., Andres Bazurto Loor Odo. Anthony ,   Universidad San Gregorio de Portoviejo, Manabi, Ecuador., Pilay Toala PhD. Felix ,   Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador, Santo Domingo, Ecuador., Esaud Gaspar Santos Mg. Manaces ,   Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador, Santo Domingo, Ecuador., Jahaira Alava Carvajal Mg. Maria ,   Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador, Santo Domingo, Ecuador.
Published: August 2021

The objective of the research was to determine the resilience capacity according to belief in God and sex in university students from Ecuador with a quantitative approach, not an experimental cross-sectional one. The data collection was carried out through a survey accompanied by the resilience questionnaire for university students CRE - U, (Peralta, Ramirez, Castano, 2006) applied to a sample of 280 university students, 39.60% distributed very believing, 55.7% believers and 4.60% atheist The male gender represented 23.2% and the female 76.8%. The variables that demonstrated statistical significance were applied the HSD test of Tukey and Games-Howell (5%). The results show that the majority of Ecuadorian students are very believers in God and therefore reach a very significant level of resilience, with the male gender prevailing specifically in the constructs of interaction, initiative, creativity, critical thinking and family over the female gender that only manifested significance in introspection.
ASSESSMENT OF NUTRIENT INTAKE AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY PATTERN IN VEGETARIAN GERIATRIC POPULATION, AGED 60-70 YEARS
Authors:   Dr. BMN College of Home Science (Autonomous), Matunga, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400019., Gupta Pakhi , Sengupta Rupali ,   Dr. BMN College of Home Science (Autonomous), Matunga, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400019.
Published: August 2021

Several changes have been seen in eating behavior which creates an impact on the palatability, food choice, social features, and psychological factors of the person which lowers the recommended dietary intake/daily requirements. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the association between the nutrient intake and physical activity and also to assess dietary habits along with medical conditions in geriatric population aged 60-70 years. Methods: This purposive analysis included 100 samples of both male (n=55) and female (n= 45) gender. The dietary habits and nutrient intake of all participants were assessed using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and 24-hour dietary recall. The cognitive and physical function was evaluated using The Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale (Lawton IADL Scale), chair test and history of medical conditions were accumulated using online and telephonic mode. Results: The evaluation of nutrient intake was found to have a significant correlation with physical exercise of the active participants (n=77) which included dairy products (p=0.05), green leafy vegetables (p=0.024), other vegetables (p=0.022), root vegetables (p=0.018), fruits (p=0.047) and sugar (p=0.003). In addition, the eating habits were observed to have a notable association with medical history of the subjects, that exhibits gastrointestinal problems, cardiovascular risk, diabetes, thyroid and asthma to be considerably linked with the eating pattern. However, the optimum daily requirement of nutrients (energy, protein, calcium and vitamin C) was determined to be inadequate. Conclusion: Recommended dietary requirements can be beneficial in performing physical exercises to diminish the risk of frailty and the risk of comorbidities by comprehending certain daily physical activities. These findings further reward the advantages of adopting an active lifestyle.
ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENCES THE INTEREST IN PAYING INCOME TAX AFTER TAX REDUCTION (CASE STUDY IN THE SME OF THE FOOD INDUSTRY AND THE TEXTILE INDUSTRY).
Authors:   Lecturer, Department of Accounting,Universitas Pelita Harapan, Surabaya, Indonesia., Ananta Upa Vierly
Published: August 2021

The reduction of SME income tax has caused controversy. This study aims to determine and analyze differences the interest in paying taxes after the reduction of income tax, especially in the food industry and textile industry. The population in this study is all SME engaged in the food industry and textile industry in Surabaya and Sidoarjo. Based on the test results, it can be concluded that the policy of reducing the income tax rate shows a positive response from SMEs. The results of this study also show that there is no difference in responses from both the food and textile industries.
GRAFFITI AS ALTERNATIVE COMMUNICATION TOOLS: DISCUSSIONS OF VANDALISM AND THE EFFECTS OF NEW MEDIA
Authors:   Arkin University of Creative Arts and Design., Kececi Eser
Published: August 2021

Since their appearanceon the streets as alternative communication tools in 1980s, graffiti have led to controversies over their conceptualization as vandalism of the public property. Despite this negative understanding, however, graffiti are tools through which minorities and marginalized groups are able to represent themselves and express their voices in public spheres. Thus, graffiti are turning into alternative and protest tools of communication. Today, through the possibilities that new media and especially social media offer, the lost voices are disseminated faster through graffiti and therefore, graffiti are transformed into more effective communication channels.While acknowledging the yet ongoing vandalistic approach to graffiti, this study contributes theoretically, through a qualitative method of analysis, to the theories on graffiti by offering a discussion on how new media affects the dissemination and conceptualization of graffiti. The analysis and conclusive discussions suggest that despite the negative conceptualization of graffiti as a vandalistic act, they have been utilized as alternative communication tools and are reached by a huge number of audiences through their dissemination by new media even after their actual disappearance from the street walls.
TO ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE AND AWARENESS REGARDING GENERAL CONCEPT OF NANOTECHNOLOGY AMONG MEDICAL AND PARAMEDICAL STUDENTS OF MEDICAL COLLEGE
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, MGM Medical College Aurangabad., Hivre Manjusha , Holkar Shrirang ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, MGM Medical College Aurangabad., Vaishanv Deepali ,   Professor, Department of Biochemistry, MGM Medical College Aurangabad.
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Nanotechnology is a rapidly growing field to improve a number of medical products and processes. The merging of nanotechnology with molecular imaging provides a versatile platform for the novel design of nanoprobes that will have tremendous potential to enhance the sensitivity, specificity and signalling capabilities of various biomarkers in human diseases. Aim: This study was conducted to assess the knowledge and awareness about general concept of nanotechnology among Undergraduate and postgraduate students. Material And Methods: A cross sectional questionnaire based study was carried out among postgraduate and undergraduate medical and allied students of the medical college for a period of six months regarding knowledge and awareness about general concept of nanotechnology. Results: This study included 300 participants. Data from this study revealed a high level of awareness and knowledge of the nanotechnology among the undergraduate and postgraduate students. Conclusion: Our results showed excellent knowledge about general concept of nanotechnology among the medical and para medical students.
Determinants of debt financing in South African state-owned entities
Authors: Marimuthu Ferina
Published: August 2021

Using debt to finance investments is a common feature in the balance sheets of state-owned entities (SOEs). The greater the degree of financial leverage, the higher the proportion of debt resulting in greater interest payments that negatively affect the earnings attributable to shareholders. This paper considers the determinants of debt financing in light of the debt crisis that the South African economy faces and, more so, the public sector and its validity under capital structure theories. The data set was analyzed for the financial period from 1995 to 2020 of thirty-three commercial SOEs in South Africa. Multiple regression models were tested using the Generalized Method of Moments estimator. The results highlighted that significant variables affecting state-owned entities’ debt levels are profitability, age, growth opportunities, liquidity, probability of bankruptcy, and non-debt tax shield. The policy recommendations are that the government prioritizes reducing debt levels for South Africa to develop and achieve sustainable development. The changes in firm-specific factors that affect the optimal capital structure and the entity’s value must be considered.
Effect of Kaolin/Defoliation Combined with Dry Ice on Lambrusco Red Wine Production to Constrain the Effects of Climate Change
Authors: Montevecchi G. , Masino F. , Versari A. , Ricci A. , Nigro G. , Antonelli A.
Published: August 2021

Since viticulture is affected considerably by climate change, it is imperative to encourage research on newstrategies in order to constrain these critical effects on the composition of berries and the quality of wines.A multi-strategy approach composed of (i) kaolin application on foliage, (ii) late tree defoliation and (iii)cryomaceration of grapes with dry ice was evaluated in the production of Lambrusco Salamino wines.Physical, chemical and sensory analyses were carried out on the sample set, including the control wines.In general, cryomaceration with dry ice proved to be a winning choice to lower alcoholic strength (roughly5%). In addition, the wines showed an increase in anthocyanin content by approximately 17%, while thecontent of catechins, flavanols and hydroxycinnamic acids decreased. Consistent with the increase in theanthocyanin content, an increase in colour indices and sensory colour intensity scores was observed. As forthe aromatic profile, 2-phenylethanol showed an increase of approximately 18% in the treated wines while,in parallel, a lower content of C6 alcohols and volatile fatty acids was observed. The multiple adaptationstrategies put in place in the present study show an alternative way to mitigate the severe effects of climatechange on wine production, and to face changing consumer demands.