bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antitumoraktive Platin(II)‐Komplexe Mit Substituierten 2‐Aminomethylpyridin‐Liganden
Authors: Brunner Henri , Nerl Georg , Angerer Erwin V. , Knebel Norbert
Published: September 2010

Durch Umsetzung von K2P1CI4 mit den 2‐Aminomethylpyridinliganden 9, 14 und 22 sind die entspr. Dichloroplatin(II)‐Komplexe 3‐5 erhältlich. Die Verbindungen 3 und 22 zeigen beachtliche Bindungsaffinitäten zum Estrogenrezeptor. Gegen den hormonunabhängigen Tumor P388 der CD2F1‐Maus erwiesen sich die Platin(II)‐Komplexe 4 und 5 als schwach wirksam, Komplex 3 ist unwirksam. An der hormonunabhängigen MDA‐MB 231‐Zelllinie ist mit den Verbindungen 3‐5,9,14 und 22 keine signifikante Wirkung erkennbar. An der hormonabhängigen MCF‐7‐Zellinie zeigen die Verbindungen 3‐5,9,14 geringe Antitumorwirkung, der Ligand 22 dagegen hemmt stark.
Antikonvulsive 3‐Carbamoyl‐Isochinolinone: Synthese und Antikonvulsive Aktivität von 3‐Carbamoyl‐4‐Aryl‐Isochinolin‐1(2H)‐onen
Authors: Unverferth Klaus , Dörre Ronald , Körner Brunhild , Scheibe Heike , Morgenstem Eve
Published: September 2010

Die Synthese von neunzehn 3‐Cabamoyl‐4‐aryl‐isochinolin‐1 (2H)‐onen wird beschrieben. Die Verbindungen wirken antikonvulsiv im maximalen Elektroschock‐Test (i.p.Gabe). Eine repräsentative Substanz ist 3‐Carbamoyl‐2‐isopropyl‐4‐(4‐chlorphenyl)‐isochinolin‐1(2H)‐on, ED50= 2.1 · 10−4mol/kg. Die Wirkungsstärke beträgt 20% von der des Phenytoins (ED50= 0.44 · 10−4mol/kg).
1,2‐dihydro‐3,1‐benzoxazin‐4‐one and 4H‐1,2‐dihydro‐pyrido‐[2,3‐d]‐[1,3]‐Oxazin‐4‐one derivatives as potential prodrugs part I: Synthesis
Authors: Schwenker Gerhard , Chen Jianbing
Published: September 2010

1‐Mono‐ and previously unknown 1,2‐disubstituted 1,2‐dihydro‐3,1‐benzoxazin‐4‐ones 7 and 9, potential prodrugs of flufenamic acid (6) and mefenamic acid (8), and 4H‐1,2‐dihydro‐pyrido‐[2,3‐d]‐[1,3]‐oxazin‐4‐ones 11, potential prodrugs of niflumic acid (10), were prepared; the structures of all new compounds wereconfirmed by spectroscopic methods.
Release of ketoprofen from dermal bases in presence of cyclodextrins: Effect of the affinity constant determined in semisolid vehicles
Authors: Orienti I. , Zecchi V. , Bertasi V. , Fini A.
Published: September 2010

We describe a method to determine the affinity constant values between Ketoprofen and β‐cyclodextrin and hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin in semisolid vehicles. The method is based on the diffusion of the drug, released from semisolid vehicles, through a lipidic non porous membrane. The affinity constants of Ketoprofen towards cyclodextrins as determined in semisolid media better represent the release of the drug from dermal bases than the corresponding values in aqueous systems.
Ring transformation with bridged 1,3‐dicarbonyl heteroanalogues, III 5‐(ω‐aminoalkyl)‐1,2,4‐oxadiazoles by ring‐transformations of 3‐methylthio‐2‐aza‐3‐propeniminium salts
Authors: Pätzel Michael , Liebscher JÜRgen
Published: September 2010

3‐Methylthio‐2‐aza‐3‐propeniminium salts 5 react with hydroxylamine after ring transformation under formation of 5‐(ω‐aminoalkyl)‐1,2,4‐oxadiazole hydroiodides 4 HI, which show a remarkable antitussive activity.
Phenanthrylalkanoic acids, V: A useful access to α‐methylphenanthreneacetic acids
Authors: Balo Carmen , Fernández Franco , Gómez Generosa , González Carmen , López Carmen
Published: September 2010

A very simple one‐pot monomethylation of phenanthreneacetic acids 2 or of their methyl esters 1 yields α‐methylphenanthreneacetic acids 3 in good yield. Altematively, the process may be extended to the preparation of the corresponding α‐arylisobutyric acids 4.
Synthesis and structure of quinoxaline‐substituted 1,4‐dihydropyridines
Authors: Stumm G. , Niclas H.‐J. , Winter G. , Reck G.
Published: September 2010

The preparation of a novel series of quinoxaline‐substituted 1,4‐dihydropyridines is described. Thus, the reaction of 1 with acetoacetates in the presence of ammonia leads to dialkyl 2,6‐dimethyl‐4‐(quinoxaline‐1,4‐dioxid‐2‐yl)‐1,4‐dihydropyridine‐3,5‐dicarboxylates 2a‐g. Compounds 4a‐c are obtained as by‐products. The asymmetrically substituted dihydropyridines 3a‐d are prepared from 1, acetoacetates, and 3‐aminocrotonates. The desoxygenated compounds 5a,b and 6a,b are obtained by reduction with ethanol/triethylamine or Na2S2O4. The results of the X‐ray structure analyses of 2b and 6a are discussed.
Peroxide Als Pflanzeninhaltsstoffe, 8. Mitt.: Guaianolid‐Peroxide Aus Der Schafgarbe, Achillea Millefolium L., Auslöser Der Schafgarbendermatitis
Authors: Rücker Gerhard , Manns Detlef , Breuer Judith
Published: September 2010

Aus dem Ether‐Extrakt der Blütenköpfchen der Schafgarbe (Achillea millefolium L.) wurden zwei Guaianolide (1,2) mit einer Peroxid‐Brücke im Cyclopentan‐Ring und einer α‐Methylen‐γ‐butyrolacton‐Struktur isoliert. Es werden die Bezeichnungen α‐Peroxyachifolid (1) und β‐Peroxyisoachifolid (2) vorgeschlagen. 1 ist u.a. verantwortlich für die Schafgarbendermatitis.
Alpha1‐antitrypsin deficiency–related alleles Z and S and the risk of Wegener's granulomatosis
Authors: Mahr Alfred D. , Edberg Jeffrey C. , Stone John H. , Hoffman Gary S. , St.Clair E. William , Specks Ulrich , Dellaripa Paul F. , Seo Philip , Spiera Robert F. , Rouhani Farshid N. , Brantly Mark L. , Merkel Peter A. ,   Wegener's Granulomatosis Genetic Repository Research Group
Published: September 2010

Objective

Deficiency of α1‐antitrypsin (α1AT) may be a determinant of susceptibility to Wegener's granulomatosis (WG). Several previous, mainly small, case–control studies have shown that 5–27% of patients with WG carried the α1AT deficiency Z allele. It is not clear whether the S allele, the other major α1AT deficiency variant, is associated with WG. This study investigated the relationship of the α1AT deficiency Z and S alleles with the risk of developing WG in a large cohort.

Methods

We studied the distribution of the α1AT deficiency alleles Z and S in 433 unrelated Caucasian patients with WG and 421 ethnically matched controls. Genotyping was performed using an allele discrimination assay. Results were compared between cases and controls using exact statistical methods.

Results

Among the patients with WG, the allele carriage frequencies of Z and S were 7.4% and 11.5%, respectively. The frequencies of the 6 possible genotypes differed in a statistically significant manner between cases and controls (P = 0.01). The general genetic 2‐parameter codominant model provided the best fit to the data. Compared with the normal MM genotype, the odds ratio (OR) for MZ or MS genotypes was 1.47 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.98–2.22), and the OR for ZZ, SS, or SZ genotypes was 14.58 (95% CI 2.33–∞). ORs of similar direction and magnitude were observed within the restricted cohorts that excluded cases and controls carrying ≥1 Z or ≥1 S allele.

Conclusion

Both Z and S alleles display associations with risk of WG in a codominant genetic pattern. These findings strengthen the evidence of a causal link between α1AT deficiency and susceptibility to WG.
Students as resurrectionists—A multimodal humanities project in anatomy putting ethics and professionalism in historical context
Authors: Hammer Rachel R. , Jones Trahern W. , Hussain Fareeda Taher Nazer , Bringe Kariline , Harvey Ronee E. , Person‐Rennell Nicole H. , Newman James S.
Published: September 2010

Because medical students have many different learning styles, the authors, medical students at Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine researched the history of anatomical specimen procurement, reviewing topic‐related film, academic literature, and novels, to write, direct, and perform a dramatization based on Robert Louis Stevenson'sThe Body‐Snatcher. Into this performance, they incorporated dance, painting, instrumental and vocal performance, and creative writing. In preparation for the performance, each actor researched an aspect of the history of anatomy. These micro‐research projects were presented in a lecture before the play. Not intended to be a research study, this descriptive article discusses how student research and ethics discussions became a theatrical production. This addition to classroom and laboratory learning addresses the deep emotional response experienced by some students and provides an avenue to understand and express these feelings. This enhanced multimodal approach to“holistic learning” could be applied to any topic in the medical school curriculum, thoroughly adding to the didactics with history, humanities, and team dynamics. Anat Sci Educ 3:244–248, 2010. © 2010 American Association of Anatomists.
Building virtual models by postprocessing radiology images: A guide for anatomy faculty
Authors: Tam Matthew D.B.S.
Published: September 2010

Radiology and radiologists are recognized as increasingly valuable resources for the teaching and learning of anatomy. State‐of‐the‐art radiology department workstations with industry‐standard software applications can provide exquisite demonstrations of anatomy, pathology, and more recently, physiology. Similar advances in personal computers and increasingly available software can allow anatomy departments and their students to build their own three‐dimensional virtual models. Appropriate selection of a data‐set, followed by processing and presentation are the key steps in creating virtual models. The construction, presentation, clinical application, and educational potential of postprocessed imaging techniques including multiplanar reformats, minimum intensity projections, segmentation, volume‐rendering, surface‐rendering, fly‐throughs, virtual endoscopy, angiography, and cine‐loops are reviewed using examples created with only a personal computer and freeware software. Although only static images are presented in this article, further material is available online within the electronic version of this article. Through the use of basic and advanced image reconstruction and also paying attention to optimized presentation and integration, anatomy courses can be strengthened with appropriate radiological material. There are several key advantages for the anatomy department, which is equipped with the ability to produce virtual models using radiology images: (1) Opportunities to present anatomy using state‐of‐the‐art technology as an adjunct to current practices, (2) a means to forge an improved relationship with the local radiology department, and (3) the ability to create material locally, which is integrated with the local curriculum avoiding the problem of information overload when using the internet or other commercially available resources. Anat Sci Educ 3:261–266, 2010. © 2010 American Association of Anatomists.
Re‐structuring protein crystals porosity for biotemplating by chemical modification of lysine residues
Authors: Cohen‐Hadar Noa , Lagziel‐Simis Shira , Wine Yariv , Frolow Felix , Freeman Amihay
Published: September 2010

Protein crystals are routinely prepared for the elucidation of protein structure by X‐ray crystallography. These crystals present an highly accurate periodical array of protein molecules with accompanying highly ordered porosity made of interconnected voids. The permeability of the porous protein crystals to a wide range of solutes has recently triggered attempts to explore their potential application as biotemplates by a controlled “filling” process for the fabrication of novel, nano‐structured composite materials. Gaining control of the porosity of a given protein crystal may lead to the preparation of a series of “biotemplates” enabling different ‘filler’/protein content ratios, resulting in different nanostructured composites. One way to gain such control is to produce a series of polymorphic forms of a given “parent‐protein” crystal. As protein packing throughout crystallization is primarily dominated by the chemical composition of the surface of protein molecules and its impact on protein–protein interactions, modification of residues exposed on the surface will affect protein packing, leading to modified porosity. Here we propose to provide influence on the porosity of protein crystals for biotemplating by pre‐crystallization chemical modification of lysine residues exposed on protein's surface. The feasibility of this approach was demonstrated by the serial application of chemical “modifiers” leading to protein derivatives exhibiting altered porosity by affecting protein “packing” throughout protein crystallization. Screening of a series of modifying agents for lysine modification of hen egg white lysozyme revealed that pre‐crystallization modification preserving their positive charge did not affect crystal porosity, while modification resulting in their conversion to negatively charged groups induced dramatic change in protein crystal's packing and porosity. Furthermore, we demonstrate that chemical modification of lysine residues affecting modified protein packing may be simultaneously performed with the crystallization process: aldehydes generating Schiff base formation with protein's lysine residues readily affected modified protein packing, resulting in altered porosity. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of the use of site directed chemical modifications for the generation of a series of protein crystal exhibiting different porosities for biotemplating, all derived from one “parent” protein. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011; 108:1–11. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Antimicrobial testing for surface‐immobilized agents with a surface‐separated live–dead staining method
Authors: Green John‐Bruce D. , Bickner Susan , Carter Phillip W. , Fulghum Timothy , Luebke Michelle , Nordhaus Mark A. , Strathmann Steve
Published: September 2010

Modification of a traditional live–dead staining technique based on fluorescence microscopy has yielded an improved method capable of differentiating surface‐immobilized antimicrobial agents from those agents acting via solution diffusion processes. By utilizing an inoculation chamber comprised of 50 µm polystyrene spheres as spacers between test substrate and coverslip control surfaces, three distinct bacterial cell populations can be probed by fluorescence microscopy for antimicrobial activity: (1) cells adhered to the coverslip, (2) cells adhered to the substrate, and (3) mobile cells in solution. Truly immobilized antimicrobial agents were found efficacious only at the substrate surface, while elutable agents were effective against all three populations. Glass surfaces derivatized with either quaternized poly dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate (pDMAEMA) or 3‐(trimethoxysilyl) propyldimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride (Si‐QAC) were compared with bare glass control surfaces after contact and 4 h incubation with Staphylococcus aureus. pDMAEMA surfaces were both antimicrobial and immobilized, whereas the Si‐QAC surfaces were only observed to be antimicrobial via active diffusion. In contrast to conventional thinking, Si‐QAC surfaces showed no kill after removing all Si‐QAC elutables via rinsing procedures. The semi‐quantitative surface‐separated live–dead staining (SSLDS) technique provides mechanistic insight and represents a significant improvement relative to current microbiological test methods for evaluating immobilized, antimicrobial agents. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011; 108:231–236. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Understanding tissue specific compositions of bioenergy feedstocks through hyperspectral Raman imaging
Authors: Sun Lan , Simmons Blake A. , Singh Seema
Published: September 2010

Hyperspectral Raman imaging was used to study the tissue/cell type specific distribution of lignin and cellulose polymers within the plant cell walls. Distinct differences in cell wall compositions were identified between two potential bioenergy feedstocks: corn stover and Eucalyptus globulus. Characteristic bands of 627, 1,175, 1,206, and 1,428 cm−1 were only observed for corn stover and 1,381 cm−1 was only present in E. globulus. One‐dimensional and two‐dimensional chemical maps of lignin and cellulose were generated for the stem of corn stover, ranging from the epidermis to the pith area and revealed that lignin and cellulose abundance varies significantly among different cell types in the following order: sclerenchyma cells and tracheids (∼5 times) > epidermal cells (∼3 times) > bundle sheath cells > parenchyma cells. The Raman mapping methods developed on corn stover were also validated on E. globulus and clearly highlighted their difference in lignin composition. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011;108: 286–295. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chemo‐enzymatic epoxidation–process options for improving biocatalytic productivity
Authors: Hagström Anna E. V. , Törnvall Ulrika , Nordblad Mathias , Hatti‐Kaul Rajni , Woodley John M.
Published: September 2010

The reactor choice is crucial when designing a process where inactivation of the biocatalyst is a problem. The main bottleneck for the chemo‐enzymatic epoxidation has been found to be enzyme inactivation by the hydrogen peroxide, H2O2, substrate. In the work reported here, the effect of reaction parameters on the reaction performance have been investigated and used to establish suitable operating strategies to minimize the inactivation of the enzyme, using rapeseed methyl ester (RME) as a substrate in a solvent‐free system. The use of a controlled fed‐batch reactor for maintaining H2O2 concentration at 1.5 M resulted in increased productivity, up to 76 grams of product per gram of biocatalyst with higher retention of enzyme activity. Further investigation included a multistage design that separated the enzymatic reaction and the saturation of the RME substrate with H2O2 into different vessels. This setup showed that the reaction rate as well as enzyme inactivation is strongly dependent on the H2O2 concentration. A 20‐fold improvement in enzymatic efficiency is required for reaching an economically feasible process. This will require a combination of enzyme modification and careful process design. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2011
Spatial and temporal resolution of shear in an orbiting petri dish
Authors: Thomas Jonathan Michael D. , Chakraborty Amlan , Sharp M. Keith , Berson R. Eric
Published: September 2010

It is well documented that physiological and morphological properties of anchored cells are influenced by fluid shear stress. Common orbital shakers provide a means of simultaneously applying shear stress to cells for tens to hundreds of cases by loading the shaker with multiple dishes. However, the complex flow in orbiting dishes is amenable to analytical solution for resolving shear created by the fluid motion only for simplified conditions. The only existing quantification of shear in this flow is an equation that estimates a constant scalar value of shear for the entire surface of the dish. In practice, wall shear stress (WSS) will be oscillatory rather than steady due to the travelling waveform and will vary across the surface of the dish at any instant in time. This article presents a computational model that provides complete spatial and temporal resolution of WSS over the bottom surface of a dish throughout the orbital cycle. The model is reasonably well validated by the analytical solution, with resultant WSS magnitudes that are within 0.99 ± 0.42 dyne/cm2. The model results were compared to tangential WSS magnitudes obtained using one‐dimensional optical velocimetry at discreet locations on the bottom of an orbiting dish. The experimental minimum and maximum WSS at 1 mm from the center of the dish were 6 and 7 dyne/cm2, respectively, whereas WSS generated from the computational model ranged from 0.5 to 8.5 dyne/cm2. The experimental minimum and maximum WSS at 12 mm from the center of the dish were 6 and 16 dyne/cm2, respectively, whereas WSS generated from the computational model ranged from 0.5 to 14 dyne/cm2. Discrepancies between the experimental and computational data may be attributed to a sparse sampling rate for the experimental probe, a sharp gradient at the sample area which could cause the unidirectional probe to be inaccurate if its location were not precise, and too few particles to track and a scattering of the signal by the free surface when the liquid is shallow. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2011
Subintimal angioplasty with a true reentry device for treatment of chronic total occlusion of the arteries of the lower extremity
Authors: Aslam Mohammad Shakil , Allaqaband Suhail , Haddadian Babak , Mori Naoyo , Bajwa Tanvir , Mewissen Mark
Published: September 2010

Objective

To report the efficacy and safety of the Outback® LTD® Re‐Entry Catheter in reentering the distal true lumen during percutaneous intentional extraluminal revascularization (PIER).

Background

Reentry catheters are used to treat chronic, total arterial occlusions of the lower extremities when standard methods of recanalization have failed. Success and complication rates of these catheters in the real world are uncertain and variable.

Methods

A retrospective review of our peripheral catheterization database from January 2004 to September 2009 was undertaken to identify consecutive cases of peripheral chronic total occlusions (CTOs) requiring the use of the Outback reentry catheter. Patient demographics, indication for the procedure, location and extent of occlusion, procedural success, and complications were studied.

Results

A total of 51 patients were identified. Of the 51, 28 (54.9%) patients presented with nonhealing ulcer and 22 (43.1%) had lifestyle‐limiting claudication. One patient presented with acute limb ischemia. There were 6 (11.8%) patients with common iliac artery occlusion, 2 (3.9%) with external iliac artery occlusion, 1 (1.9%) with common femoral artery occlusion, 35 (68.6%) with superficial femoral artery occlusion, 6 (11.8%) with popliteal artery occlusion, and 1 (1.9%) with tibioperoneal artery occlusion. Median lesion length was 230 mm. Procedural success was achieved in 49 patients (96.1%). There was 1 (1.9%) periprocedural complication.

Conclusion

Use of Outback® LTD® Re‐Entry Catheter is a safe and valuable option for PIER/subintimal angioplasty and recanalization in patients with symptomatic lower‐extremity CTOs. However, long‐term patency remains unknown. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Valvuloplasty for tricuspid stenosis caused by a ventriculoatrial shunt
Authors: Akram Qasim , Saravanan Duraisamy , Levy Richard
Published: September 2010

A 45‐year‐old lady developed significant symptomatic tricuspid valve stenosis due to a ventriculoatrial (VA) shunt, implanted in childhood for idiopathic hydrocephalus. This appeared to be a rare complication of a VA shunt. After detailed discussions in multidisciplinary meeting, she underwent successful treatment with a single balloon valvuloplasty. To date, she has not suffered any complications.© 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quality of life and health status after percutaneous coronary intervention in stable angina patients
Authors: de Quadros Alexandre S. , Lima Tatiane C. , Rodrigues Ana Paula da Rosa , Modkovski Thais B. , Welter Dulce I. , Sarmento‐Leite Rogério , Gottschall Carlos A.M.
Published: September 2010

Background: Percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) are associated with quality of life (QoL) and health status improvements in stable angina patients. There are few studies assessing the magnitude of this effect and its predictors in contemporary daily practice. Methods: Prospective cohort study with stable angina patients submitted to PCI in a tertiary interventional cardiology center. The clinical characteristics and the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) were assessed before PCI, and patients were followed‐up for 1 year. Mixed linear regression and ANOVA were used to compare SAQ indices, and multivariate analysis to identify predictors of QoL improvement. Results: Between September 2006 and May 2007, 110 patients were included. The mean age of the study population was 62.8 ± 8.7 years, and 62% of the patients were of the male gender. Diabetes mellitus was present in 29%, arterial hypertension in 82%, previous myocardial infarction in 32%, and previous PCI in 29%. Before PCI, only 5% of the patients were free of angina, and this rate improved to 68% in the one‐year followup (P < 0.001). There was improvement in all SAQ scales in the one‐year followup, which was already shown in the 6‐month assessment (P < 0.0001). Quality of life before the procedure was the main predictor of QoL improvement by multivariate analysis (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Patients with stable angina submitted to PCI in the real‐world practice present significant improvement in one‐year health status, as assessed by the SAQ. Quality of life before the procedure is the main determinant of improvement in QoL. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Echo‐guided presentation of the aortic valve minimises contrast exposure in transcatheter valve recipients
Authors: Baranowski Jacek , Ahn Henrik , Freter Wolfgang , Nielsen Niels‐Erik , Nylander Eva , Janerot‐Sjoberg Birgitta , Sandborg Michael , Wallby Lars
Published: September 2010

Objectives: We have developed a method using transthoracic echocardiography in establishing optimal visualization of the aortic root, to reduce the amount of contrast medium used in each patient. Background: During transcatheter aortic valve implantation, it is necessary to obtain an optimal fluoroscopic projection for deployment of the valve showing the aortic ostium with the three cusps aligned in the beam direction. This may require repeat aortic root angiograms at this stage of the procedure with a high amount of contrast medium with a risk of detrimental influence on renal function. Methods: We studied the conventional way and an echo guided way to optimize visualisation of the aortic root. Echocardiography was used initially allowing easier alignment of the image intensifier with the transducer's direction. Results: Contrast volumes, radiation/fluoroscopy exposure times, and postoperative creatinine levels were significantly less in patients having the echo‐guided orientation of the optimal fluoroscopic angles compared with patients treated with the conventional approach. Conclusion: We present a user‐friendly echo‐guided method to facilitate fluoroscopy adjustment during transcatheter aortic valve implantation. In our series, the amounts of contrast medium and radiation have been significantly reduced, with a concomitant reduction in detrimental effects on renal function in the early postoperative phase. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Percutaneous transluminal renal stenting for transplant renal artery stenosis
Authors: Sharma Satyavan , Potdar Anil , Kulkarni Amit
Published: September 2010

Objectives: Renal transplantation is a well‐accepted therapeutic option for patients with end stage renal disease. Renal artery stenosis occurring in a transplanted kidney is a potentially serious condition and adversely affects graft survival and prognosis. The objective of this study is to document the immediate and intermediate term clinical results of renal stenting in this rare subset of renal artery stenosis. Background: There is limited data about the effectiveness of renal stenting in transplant renal artery stenosis. Methods: Eight patients, aged between 22 and 51 (42.5 ± 9.25) years, were referred to our tertiary care interventional cardiology services for renal intervention. The diagnosis of transplant renal artery stenosis was based on clinical presentation (uncontrolled hypertension (n = 4, 50%), worsening renal function (n = 3, 37.5%) or flash pulmonary oedema (n = 1, 12.5%)] and Doppler ultrasound. Results: All patients had live donor renal transplant using end to end anastomosis 2 to 11 (6.25 ± 3.24) months prior to intervention. Angiography revealed discrete stenosis at the anastomotic site. Intrarenal stenting performed from femoral access using 6 F accessories produced excellent angiographic results. There were no access site or procedure related complications. The intervention produced excellent immediate and intermediate term clinical results. In three patients, there was stabilization of renal function during 62 ± 9.16 months of follow‐up with decrease in serum creatinine by 38.86 ± 6.62 %; P = 0.0476. In four patients with refractory hypertension, excellent blood pressure control was achieved with a reduction in mean blood pressure by 25.95 ± 5.48 mm Hg (from 122.4 ± 5.7 to 96.45 ± 2.45 mm Hg; P = 0.0002) during 65.25 ± 23.79 months follow‐up. There was decrease in antihypertensive drug requirement from 3.75 ± 0.5 to 1.75 ± 0.5. During follow‐up, Doppler ultrasound documented a high peak systolic velocity in one asymptomatic patient with well controlled blood pressure and preserved renal function. Sustained benefits of percutaneous revascularization were supported by normal Doppler parameters in the remaining patients. Conclusions: Percutaneous renal stenting provides excellent angiographic and clinical results sustained at intermediate term follow‐up in patients with symptomatic transplant renal artery stenosis. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Assessment of the aortic annulus by multislice computed tomography, contrast aortography, and trans‐thoracic echocardiography in patients referred for transcatheter aortic valve implantation
Authors: Tzikas Apostolos , Schultz Carl J. , Piazza Nicolo , Moelker Adrian , Van Mieghem Nicolas M. , Nuis Rutger‐Jan , van Geuns Robert‐Jan , Geleijnse Marcel L. , Serruys Patrick W. , de Jaegere Peter P.T.
Published: September 2010

Objective: We sought to determine the level of agreement and the reproducibility of trans‐thoracic echocardiography (TTE), contrast aortography (CA) and multislice computed tomography (MSCT) for the assessment of the aortic annulus, in patients referred for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI). Background: Correct measurement of the aortic annulus is important for TAVI. Methods: The dimensions of the aortic annulus were measured using TTE, CA and MSCT in 70 patients with severe aortic stenosis, referred for TAVI. Agreement between imaging techniques and interobserver variability was assessed using the Bland ‐ Altman method and a linear regression model. Results: The MSCT Coronal view provided the largest mean annulus diameter (26.3 mm) followed by CA (24.4 mm), MSCT Mean (23.7 mm), TTE (22.6 mm), and MSCT Sagittal (21.8 mm) view. Differences in the annulus measurements were significant: MSCT Coronal view versus CA (mean, 95% confidence interval, Pearson's correlation) 2.0 mm, −1.9 to 6.0 mm, r = 0.72, CA versus MSCT Mean 0.2 mm, −3.3 to 3.7 mm, r = 0.76, MSCT Mean versus TTE 1.3 mm, −2.9 to 5.5 mm, r = 0.61, TTE versus MSCT Sagittal view 0.9 mm, −3.6 to 5.4 mm, r = 0.59, CA versus TTE 1.5 mm, −3.0 to 5.9 mm, r = 0.57. Interobserver variability was: TTE (mean, 95% confidence interval, Pearson's correlation) 0.29 mm, −4.2 to 4.8 mm, r = 0.57, CA 0.14 mm, −3.5 to 3.8 mm, r = 0.77, MSCT Mean 0.20 mm, −1.4 to 1.8 mm, r = 0.95. Conclusions: We found significant differences in the dimensions of the aortic annulus measured by MSCT, CA, and TTE. Interobserver variability for TTE and CA was substantially higher compared with MSCT. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Six‐month clinical follow‐up of the tryton side branch stent for the treatment of bifurcation lesions
Authors: Magro Michael , Wykrzykowska Joanna , Serruys Patrick W. , Simsek Cihan , Nauta Sjoerd , Lesiak Maciej , Stanislawska Katarzyna , Onuma Yoshinobu , Regar Evelyn , van Domburg Ron T. , Grajek Stefan , Geuns Robert‐Jan Van
Published: September 2010

Background: Treatment of bifurcation lesions with the Tryton Sidebranch stent has been shown to be feasible with an acceptable clinical outcome and low side branch late loss in the first in man trial. Objective: To report acute procedural and six month clinical follow‐up after the use of the Tryton Sidebranch stent in an “all comer” registry. Methods: The first 100 coronary bifurcation lesions assigned for treatment with the Tryton stent were included in a prospective registry. Procedural and angiographic success rates were determined from patient charts and pre‐ and postprocedural quantitative coronary angiography. Results: Totally, 96 patients with 100 lesions were included in the study. Seventy‐two percent presented with stable angina, 25% with unstable angina/NSTEMI, and 3% STEMI. The bifurcation was located in the left main in 8%. Two lesions were chronic total occlusions. Sixty‐nine percent were true bifurcation lesions. One failure of stent delivery occurred. Acute gain in SB was 0.76 ± 0.64mm and three patients had residual stenosis of >30%. Angiographic success rate was 95%; procedural success rate reached 94%. Peri‐procedural MI occurred in two and there was one cardiac death during hospitalization. At a median six months follow‐up, TLR rate was 4%, MI 3%, and cardiac death 1%. The percentage MACE‐free survival at six months was 94%. No cases of definite stent thrombosis occurred. Conclusions: In a real world the use of the Tryton Sidebranch stent is associated with good procedural safety and angiographic success rate and acceptable outcome at six months of follow‐up. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rescue angioplasty for failed fibrinolysis—Long‐term follow‐up of a large cohort
Authors: Sohal Manav , Foo Fred , Sirker Alex , Rajani Ronak , Khawaja Muhammed Z. , Pegge Nicholas , Hatrick Robert , Kneale Barry , Signy Mark , Holmberg Stephen , de Belder Adam , Hildick‐Smith David
Published: September 2010

Background:

Fibrinolysis remains an important treatment for ST‐elevation myocardial infarction, but fails to achieve adequate reperfusion in a significant proportion of cases. “Rescue” angioplasty is seen as the preferred treatment strategy in most contemporary centers although the literature provides conflicting evidence.

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed all cases of rescue angioplasty performed at our cardiothoracic center from July 1999 to June 2008. The diagnosis of failed lysis was made on the basis of an ECG demonstrating failure of ST segment resolution >50% at 90 min. Periprocedural data was taken from a dedicated procedural database and mortality data obtained from the UK Office of National Statistics.

Results:

A total of 316 cases were performed. Patients were aged 61 ± 11 years. Thirty‐day mortality was 8.9%. Thirty‐day mortality in those presenting with cardiogenic shock was 50%, and in those requiring blood transfusion was also 50%. Thirty day mortality in those with TIMI III flow at the end of the procedure was significantly less than in those in whom this was not the case (6.6% vs. 23.3%; P < 0.001). One year mortality for the entire cohort was 10.1%. Longer‐term follow‐up revealed after 5.2 ± 2.3 years, survival in this cohort was 83%. Significant bleeding requiring blood transfusion occurred in 2.5% of cases.

Conclusions:

We have shown that rescue angioplasty can be performed with good procedural success rates and excellent long‐term results. Limiting bleeding complications and achieving TIMI III flow appear to be major determinants of achieving good long term results. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Advanced Milling and Containment Technologies for Superfine Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients
Authors: Stein J. , Fuchs T. , Mattern C.
Published: September 2010

Besides a variety of dry grinding methods, wet grinding technology can be applied for poorly water‐soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Agitated media mills are suitable for milling finest particles in any appropriate liquid even down to the nano‐range. The issue of abrasion can be solved by the targeted combination of mill and bead material. Furthermore, optimization of the grinding parameters can reduce the required grinding energy as well as contamination of the products. To enable application of milling processes in the earliest stage of pharmaceutical R&D work, sample quantities need to be reduced to a few grams and processed with the highest possible recovery of the product. The small lab and research mills have to be designed analogously to the production machines to make scale‐up and validation possible. The technology of pharmaceutical processing in general and agitated media mills in research, pilot, and production scale, test results for optimization of mill parameters and materials are presented and an insight into containment techniques is provided.
Recycling Functional Colloids and Nanoparticles
Authors: Myakonkaya Olesya , Hu Zhiyong , Nazar Muhammad Faizan , Eastoe Julian
Published: September 2010

The stability and separation of colloids and nanoparticles has been addressed in numerous studies. Most of the work reported to date requires high cost, energy intensive approaches such as ultracentrifugation and solvent evaporation to recover the particles. At this point of time, when green science is beginning to make a real impact, it is vital to achieve efficient and effective separation and recovery of colloids to provide environmental and economic benefits. This article explores recent advances in strategies for recycling and reusing functional nanomaterials, which indicate new directions in lean engineering of high‐value nanoparticles, such as Au and Pd.
Calix[6]arene‐Based Cascade Complexes of Organic Ion Triplets Stable in a Protic Solvent
Authors: Moerkerke Steven , Ménand Mickaël , Jabin Ivan
Published: September 2010

Herein we report a D3h‐symmetric tail‐to‐tail bis‐calix[6]arene 3 featuring two divergent cavities triply connected by ureido linkages. This calix[6]tube was synthesized by a domino Staudinger/aza‐Wittig reaction followed by a macrocyclization reaction. This process also afforded a C2h‐symmetric isomer that represents a rare example of a self‐threaded rotaxane based on calix[6]arene subunits. The binding properties of 3 have been evaluated by NMR studies. Thus, bis‐calix[6]arene 3 is able to bind simultaneously two neutral ureido guests through an induced‐fit process. The guests are located in the cavities and are recognized through multiple hydrogen‐bonding interactions with the ureido bridges. Host 3 can also simultaneously bind multiple ions and is especially efficient for the complexation of organic ion triplets. The anion is recognized through hydrogen‐bonding interactions at the ureido binding site and is thus located between the two ammonium ions accommodated in the cavities. The resulting [1+1+2] quaternary complexes represent rare examples of cascade complexes with organic cations. These complexes are unique: 1) They are stable even in a markedly protic solvent, 2) the recognition of the ion triplets proceeds in a cooperative way through an induced‐fit process and with a high selectivity, linear cations and doubly charged anions being particularly well recognized, 3) the ions are bound as contact ion triplets thanks to the closeness of the three binding sites, 4) the cationic guests can be exchanged and thus mixed [1+1+1+1] complexes can be obtained, 5) the ureido linkers wrapped around the anion adopt a helical shape and the resulting chirality is sensed by the cations. In other words, bis‐calix[6]arene 3 presents a selective inner tunnel in which multiple guests such as organic ion triplets can be aligned in a cooperative way through induced‐fit processes.
Tetrathiafulvalene‐amido‐2‐pyridine‐N‐oxide as Efficient Charge‐Transfer Antenna Ligand for the Sensitization of YbIII Luminescence in a Series of Lanthanide Paramagnetic Coordination Complexes
Authors: Pointillart Fabrice , Cauchy Thomas , Maury Olivier , Le Gal Yann , Golhen Stéphane , Cador Olivier , Ouahab Lahcène
Published: September 2010

The tetrathiafulvalene‐amido‐2‐pyridine‐N‐oxide (L) ligand has been employed to coordinate 4f elements. The architecture of the complexes mainly depends on the ionic radii of the lanthanides. Thus, the reaction of L in the same experimental protocol leads to three different molecular structure series. Binuclear [Ln2(hfac)5(O2CPhCl)(L)3]⋅2 H2O (hfac−=1,1,1,5,5,5‐hexafluoroacetylacetonate anion, O2CPhCl−=3‐chlorobenzoate anion) and mononuclear [Ln(hfac)3(L)2] complexes were obtained by using rare‐earth ions with either large (LnIII=Pr, Gd) or small (LnIII=Y, Yb) ionic radius, respectively, whereas the use of TbIII that possesses an intermediate ionic radius led to the formation of a binuclear complex of formula [Tb2(hfac)4(O2CPhCl)2(L)2]. Antiferromagnetic interactions have been observed in the three dinuclear compounds by using an extended empirical method. Photophysical properties of the coordination complexes have been studied by solid‐state absorption spectroscopy, whereas time‐dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT) calculations have been carried out on the diamagnetic YIII derivative to build a molecular orbital diagram and to reproduce the absorption spectrum. For the [Yb(hfac)3(L)2] complex, the excitation at 19 600 cm−1 of the HOMO→LUMO+1/LUMO+2 charge‐transfer transition induces both line‐shape emissions in the near‐IR spectral range assigned to the 2F5/2→2F7/2 (9860 cm−1) ytterbium‐centered transition and a residual charge‐transfer emission around 13 150 cm−1. An efficient antenna effect that proceeds through energy transfer from the singlet excited state of the tetrathiafulvalene‐amido‐2‐pyridine‐N‐oxide chromophore is evidence of the YbIII sensitization.
ChemInform Abstract: Geometry of Small Fullerene Cages: C20 to C70.
Authors: ZHANG B. L. , WANG C. Z. , HO K. M. , XU C. H. , CHAN C. T.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Investigation of Thermodynamic Properties of the Ti‐H System Using Molten Salt Electrolytes Containing Hydride Ions.
Authors: LIAW B. Y. , DEUBLEIN G. , HUGGINS R. A.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal Sulfide‐Tetraphosphorusdecasulfide Phase Diagrams
Authors: ANDRAE H. , BLACHNIK R.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Mordenite Acidity: Dependence on the Si/Al Ratio and the Framework Aluminum Topology. Part 2. Acidity Investigations.
Authors: STACH H. , JAENCHEN J. , JERSCHKEWITZ H.‐G. , LOHSE U. , PARLITZ B. , HUNGER M.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Photophysics of the S1 and T1 States of Thiophosgene in Solution
Authors: SZYMANSKI M. , MACIEJEWSKI A. , STEER R. P.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Radiationless Decay of the S2 States of Azulene and Related Compounds: Solvent Dependence and the Energy Gap Law.
Authors: WAGNER B. D. , TITTELBACH‐HELMRICH D. , STEER R. P.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Nitrogen Nuclear Quadrupole Coupling Constants and Heavy Atom Substitution Geometry of tert‐Butyl Nitrite.
Authors: HEINEKING N. , JAEGER W. , GERRY M. C. L.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ab initio and 17O NMR Studies of the Substituent Effects on the Tautomeric Equilibrium in 6‐X‐1H‐2‐Pyridones
Authors: FACELLI J. C. , ORENDT A. M. , CONTRERAS R. H. , TUFRO M. F. , DE KOWALEWSKI D. G.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Syntheses of α‐Aminophosphonic Acids. Part 5. Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure Diethyl 2‐Pyrrolidinyl‐ and 5‐Oxo‐2‐ pyrrolidinylphosphonates.
Authors: GROTH U. , RICHTER L. , SCHOELLKOPF U.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Origins of Stereoselectivity in Radical Additions: Reactions of Alkenes and Radicals Bearing Oxazolidine and Thiazolidine Amide Groups.
Authors: PORTER N. A. , ROSENSTEIN I. J. , BREYER R. A. , BRUHNKE J. D. , WU W.‐X. , MCPHAIL A. T.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Sydnones as Masked Hydrazines for Heterocycle Formation: Reactions of 3‐(2‐Substituted Phenyl)sydnones with HCl.
Authors: GELVIN C. R. , TURNBULL K.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Photochemical Formation of Oligothiophene Cation Radicals in Acidic Solution and Nafion
Authors: ZINGER B. , MANN K. R. , HILL M. G. , MILLER L. L.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Bicyclic Ring Size Effect on β‐ vs α‐Deprotonation of Diazenium Dications.
Authors: NELSEN S. F. , WANG Y.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Visible Laser‐Induced Oxidation of C70 on Titanium Dioxide Particles.
Authors: GEVAERT M. , KAMAT P. V.
Published: September 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.