bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulation of Groundwater Mounding Due to Irrigation Practice: Case of Wastewater Reuse Engineering Design
Authors: Yihdego Yohannes
Published: March 2017

Mounding often occurs beneath engineering structures designed to infiltrate reuse water. AQTESOLV software and a spreadsheet solution for Hantush, together with soil moisture water balance (SWAGMAN farm model), were used for quantitatively predicting the height and extent of groundwater mounding underground to assess the groundwater-flow simulations of infiltration from a hypothetical irrigation site. Horizontal and vertical permeability, aquifer thickness, specific yield, and basin geometry are among the aquifer and recharge properties inputs. For 2.2 ha sites, the maximum heights of the simulated groundwater mound ranges up to 0.29 m. The maximum areal extent of groundwater mounding measured from the edge of the infiltration basins of 0.24 m ranges from 0 to 75 m. Additionally, the simulated height and extent of the groundwater mounding associated with a hypothetical irrigation infiltration basin for 2.2 ha development may be applicable to sites of different sizes, using the recharge rate estimated from the SWAGMAN farm model. For example, for a 2.2 ha site with a 0.0002 m/day recharge rate, the irrigation infiltration basin design capacity (and associated groundwater mound) would be the same as for a 1.1 ha site with a 0.0004 m/day recharge rate if the physical characteristics of the aquifer are unchanged. The study claimed that the present modelling approach overcomes the complications of solving the Hantush equation for transient flow. The approach utilised in this study can be applied for other purposes such as measuring the feasibility of infiltrating water, attenuation zone, risk mitigation essential for decision-makers and planning regulators in terms of environmental effects and water use efficiency.
Evaluation of MCT1, MCT4 and CD147 Genes in Peripheral Blood Cells of Breast Cancer Patients and Their Potential Use as Diagnostic and Prognostic Markers
Authors: Luz Maria , Perez Matheus , Azzalis Ligia , Sousa Luiz , Adami Fernando , Fonseca Fernando , Alves Beatriz
Published: March 2017

Background: Patients with breast cancer—the deadliest cancer among women—are at constant risk of developing metastasis. Oxidative stress and hypoxia are common feature of tumor cells that can proliferate even in a resultant metabolic acidosis. Despite the low extracellular pH, intracellular pH of tumor cells remains relatively normal, or even more alkaline due to the action of a membrane protein family known as monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs). The objective of this study was to verify the diagnostic and prognostic value of MCT1, MCT4 and CD147 in tumor and peripheral blood samples of patients with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapic treatment. Methods: Differential expression of MCT1, MCT4 and CD147 obtained by qPCR was determined by 2−ΔΔCq method between biological samples (tumor and serial samples of peripheral) of patients (n = 125) and healthy women (n = 25). Results: tumor samples with higher histological grades have shown higher expression of these markers; this higher expression was also observed in blood samples obtained at diagnosis of patients when compared to healthy women and in patients with positive progression of the disease (metastasis development). Conclusion: markers studied here could be a promising strategy in routine laboratory evaluations as breast cancer diagnosis and prognosis.
Establishing the Secondary Metabolite Profile of the Marine Fungus: Tolypocladium geodes sp. MF458 and Subsequent Optimisation of Bioactive Secondary Metabolite Production
Authors: Kebede Bethlehem , Wrigley Stephen , Prashar Anjali , Rahlff Janina , Wolf Markus , Reinshagen Jeanette , Gribbon Philip , Imhoff Johannes , Silber Johanna , Labes Antje , Ellinger Bernhard
Published: March 2017

As part of an international research project, the marine fungal strain collection of the Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research (GEOMAR) research centre was analysed for secondary metabolite profiles associated with anticancer activity. Strain MF458 was identified as Tolypocladium geodes, by internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) sequence similarity and its natural product production profile. By using five different media in two conditions and two time points, we were able to identify eight natural products produced by MF458. As well as cyclosporin A (1), efrapeptin D (2), pyridoxatin (3), terricolin A (4), malettinins B and E (5 and 6), and tolypocladenols A1/A2 (8), we identified a new secondary metabolite which we termed tolypocladenol C (7). All compounds were analysed for their anticancer potential using a selection of the NCI60 cancer cell line panel, with malettinins B and E (5 and 6) being the most promising candidates. In order to obtain sufficient quantities of these compounds to start preclinical development, their production was transferred from a static flask culture to a stirred tank reactor, and fermentation medium development resulted in a nearly eight-fold increase in compound production. The strain MF458 is therefore a producer of a number of interesting and new secondary metabolites and their production levels can be readily improved to achieve higher yields.
Glycerol Production and Transformation: A Critical Review with Particular Emphasis on Glycerol Reforming Reaction for Producing Hydrogen in Conventional and Membrane Reactors
Authors: Bagnato Giuseppe , Iulianelli Adolfo , Sanna Aimaro , Basile Angelo
Published: March 2017

Glycerol represents an emerging renewable bio-derived feedstock, which could be used as a source for producing hydrogen through steam reforming reaction. In this review, the state-of-the-art about glycerol production processes is reviewed, with particular focus on glycerol reforming reactions and on the main catalysts under development. Furthermore, the use of membrane catalytic reactors instead of conventional reactors for steam reforming is discussed. Finally, the review describes the utilization of the Pd-based membrane reactor technology, pointing out the ability of these alternative fuel processors to simultaneously extract high purity hydrogen and enhance the whole performances of the reaction system in terms of glycerol conversion and hydrogen yield.
LCoS SLM Study and Its Application in Wavelength Selective Switch
Authors: Wang Mi , Zong Liangjia , Mao Lei , Marquez Andres , Ye Yabin , Zhao Han , Vaquero Caballero Francisco
Published: March 2017

The Liquid-Crystal on Silicon (LCoS) spatial light modulator (SLM) has been used in wavelength selective switch (WSS) systems since the 1990s. However, most of the LCoS devices used for WSS systems have a pixel size larger than 6 µm. Although there are some negative physical effects related to smaller pixel sizes, the benefits of more available ports, larger spatial bandwidth, improved resolution, and the compactness of the whole system make the latest generation LCoS microdisplays highly appealing as the core component in WSS systems. In this review work, three specifications of the WSS system including response time, crosstalk and insertion loss, and optimization directions are discussed. With respect to response time, the achievements of liquid crystal material are briefly surveyed. For the study of crosstalk and insertion loss, related physical effects and their relation to the crosstalk or insertion loss are discussed in detail, preliminary experimental study for these physical effects based on a small pixel LCoS SLM device (GAEA device, provided by Holoeye, 3.74 µm pixel pitch, 10 megapixel resolution, telecom) is first performed, which helps with predicting and optimizing the performance of a WSS system with a small pixel size SLM. In the last part, the trend of LCoS devices for future WSS modules is discussed based on the performance of the GAEA device. Tradeoffs between multiple factors are illustrated. In this work, we present the first study, to our knowledge, of the possible application of a small pixel sized SLM as a switching component in a WSS system.
Tetracha foucarti, nouvelle espèce du Brésil (Coleoptera, Cicindelidae)
Authors: Naviaux Roger L. , Richoux Philippe
Published: March 2017

Description d'une nouvelle espèce aptère du genre Tetracha Westwood (in Hope, 1838), originaire du Brésil, état du Mato-Grosso.
Végétation de la basse vallée de l'Azergues
Authors: Denninger Claude
Published: March 2017

In spite of invading presence of Reynoutria japonica, the lower valley of the river Azergues shows still a diversified flora, specially in Chazay-d' Azergues (Rhône, France). Here, the site is still covered by a river forest (ripisylva) with some clearings. Fhe inventory for the last 30 years gives us more 150 species of which some relatively rare, specially Adoxa moschatellina, Allium angulosum, Carex pendula, Galanthus nivalis, Isopyrum thalictroides...
Bilateral shoulder arthrodesis in a Pekinese using three-dimensional printed patient-specific osteotomy and reduction guides
Authors: Oxley Bill
Published: March 2017

Objective: To report the use of computeraided design software for virtual surgical planning and design of three-dimensional printed patient-specific osteotomy and reduction guides for facilitation of bilateral shoulder arthrodesis in a dog.

Methods: A three-year-old male entire Pekinese was presented unable to walk due to bilateral severe medial shoulder instability. Computed tomographic data was processed to yield three-dimensional mesh representations of the humeri and scapulae which could be manipulated in computeraided design software. Key virtual surgical planning steps included joint realignment, osteo-tomies of the glenoid and humeral head, and reduction. Virtual osteotomy and reduction guides were designed, three-dimensionally printed, and used intra-operatively.

Results: Appropriate alignment, reduction and fixation of the humeri and scapulae were achieved bilaterally. The patient regained the ability to walk unassisted after two weeks and was subsequently able to exercise normally without lameness.

Clinical significance: Patient-specific, three-dimensional printed osteotomy and reduction guides facilitated accurate bilateral shoulder arthrodeses.

ORCID iD:

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2158-7133
Destins de la courbe d’apprentissage : heurs et malheurs d’une technologie managériale de guerre en temps de paix
Authors: Garcias Frédéric
Published: March 2017

Cet article propose une relecture de l’histoire des courbes d’apprentissage, une technologie managériale reposant sur l’existence d’une corrélation entre accumulation d’expérience et variation des coûts de production, et ayant eu un impact considérable sur l’évolution des théories et des pratiques du management. Il s’intéresse en particulier au lien unissant le développement et la diffusion de cette technologie et le contexte de la guerre. Il montre ainsi comment cette technologie, née de l’envol de l’industrie aéronautique dans l’entre-deux-guerres, est devenue une véritable « arme de guerre » pendant le second conflit mondial, en permettant de rationaliser et d’anticiper l’effort industriel nécessaire à la victoire. Ses développements ultérieurs, de son succès croissant pendant les Trente Glorieuses à sa « crise » au cours des années 1970, sont mis en miroir de la trajectoire de l’industrie américaine, et de sa sortie progressive d’un cycle caractérisé par le maintien de structures héritées d’un contexte de guerre.
British naval armaments, cartels, and defence planning between the world wars
Authors: Miller Christopher W.
Published: March 2017

Pendant l’entre-deux-guerres, l’industrie britannique privée de l’armement naval comprenait une poignée de grandes entreprises. Leur relation avec l’État britannique est importante pour les historiens : en effet, le désarmement avait diminué la capacité de l’industrie à répondre aux besoins d’une expansion navale rapide, créant en retour des difficultés considérables pour les planificateurs de guerre. Cet article présente de nouvelles données sur la collusion des prix au sein des entreprises navales, et montre comment l’industrie privée a réagi aux défis du désarmement, avant de chercher à profiter du réarmement. Ce faisant, il avance l’idée que l’amirauté n’avait pas reçu, de la part du Cabinet et du Trésor, les moyens de préserver les capacités de l’industrie, et que, en conséquence, et malgré la connivence pour établir des prix abusifs, la formation d’un cartel a probablement sauvé les gouvernements de l’entre-deux-guerres de leurs propres erreurs.
Des canons aux canettes : la sidérurgie française et la défense nationale pendant lesTrente Glorieuses
Authors: Mioche Philippe
Published: March 2017

Cet article étudie la façon dont a évolué la représentation sociale et politique des industriels de la sidérurgie, longtemps assimilés dans l’imaginaire social aux « marchands de canons » et aux « maîtres de forges ». Il cherche à expliquer pourquoi, après 1945, cette représentation disparaît brutalement. À cette fin, il convoque tout autant les évolutions économiques de la filière de l’acier que les basculements politiques (Front Populaire, nationalisations, Vichy...), mais interroge également la place occupée par l’acier dans l’inconscient collectif.
Stratégie d’entreprise et politique stratégique : les modalités de gouvernance de l’industrie globale de l’aluminium (1914-1964)
Authors: Bertilorenzi Marco
Published: March 2017

L’aluminium a mis longtemps à être considéré comme un matériau stratégique pour l’industrie de l’armement. Le tournant survient durant la Première Guerre mondiale. La commande militaire devient à la fois un enjeu fort pour les industriels et un aiguillon pour l’innovation du secteur. À terme, ceci va poser une partie des bases de la croissance du marché civil de l’aluminium. Petit à petit se met en place une forme de régulation paradoxale entre les entreprises du secteur et les pouvoirs publics, en France comme à l’étranger. D’un côté des avantages ont été consentis en termes de protection et de régulation cartellisée des marchés. Ils ont engendré des modalités de gestion particulières dans de nombreuses entreprises. De l’autre, comme aux Etats-Unis, les énormes besoins durant la Seconde Guerre mondiale ont amené les pouvoirs publics à remettre en cause le monopole d’Alcoa. Cycles économiques et cycles militaires ont donc été de plus en plus indépendants. Cet article analyse l’évolution des relations entre la commande militaire et les industriels de l’aluminium jusqu’à la guerre du Vietnam. Elle témoigne des liens complexes qui se sont tissés, au gré des époques et des pays, entre la puissance publique et les entreprises privées, notamment via l’existence d’une réserve stratégique après la Seconde Guerre mondiale.
Comparison of Layer-Forming and Bromine-Doping Methods of Pentacene Layer in Solid-State Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell
Authors: Camacho Daniel Angelo C. , de Leon Rizalinda L.
Published: March 2017

For organic solar cells (OSC) such as dye-sensitized cell (DSSC) to compete with silicon-based cells in terms of stability, there is a need to further improve components which causes degradation. To answer the stability issue with liquid electrolyte, solid state dye-sensitized solar cell (SS-DSSC) was introduced. SS-DSSC promises performance consistency due to less power degradation compared to standard DSSC that uses liquid-based electrolyte. Pentacene (PEN), a semiconductor usually used on field-effect transistors is a material that has a higher hole and electron mobility when compared to amorphous silicon and also has a band gap suitable for solar energy conversion. In this study, PEN used as hole transporting layer in SS-DSSC was fabricated through spin coating and heating using a precursor and through vapour transport using powder. The PEN samples were then doped with bromine through different methods - immersion and vaporization. Characterization of the PEN samples through X-ray Diffraction, Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence, and Atomic Force Microscopy reveal orthorhombic, thin film, and crystalline bulk phases present on different fabricated PEN samples as well as confirmed successful doping. Furthermore, the light harvesting parameters are analysed through SolarTM Light LS1000 Solar Simulator (AM 1.5, 100 mW/cm2) which confirm correlation between the increased efficiency, PEN layer growing methods, and bromine doping methods.
Maximising health literacy and client recall of clinical information: An exploratory study of clients and speech-language pathologists
Authors: Von Wûhlisch Friderike Schmidt , Pascoe Michelle
Published: March 2017

Limited research has been carried out in the field of speech-language pathology with regard to ways of maximising health literacy and client recall. However, speech-language pathologists (SLPs) frequently provide vast amounts of information that clients need to understand, apply and review in order to manage their (or their child’s) health. This exploratory study aimed to contribute information about ways in which SLPs can overcome low health literacy and poor client recall so that treatment effectiveness is improved. A case-study design was used with specific focus on four clients receiving treatment for dysphagia, voice disorders (including laryngectomies) and cleft lip and/or palate management in Cape Town. Strategies which may be able to maximise health literacy and client recall of clinical information were trialled and evaluated by clients and their SLPs, using semi-structured interviews. The researchers proposed a combination of high-tech strategies which assisted in all the cases. No single solution or universal tool was found that would be appropriate for all. There is a need to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of the combined strategies across a wider population, at different stages of rehabilitation and in diverse contexts. Implications and suggestions for future related research are presented.
Development of a music perception test for adult hearing-aid users
Authors: Uys Marinda , Van Dijk Catherine
Published: March 2017

The purpose of this research was two-fold. Firstly to develop a music perception test for hearing aid users and secondly to evaluate the influence of non-linear frequency compression (NFC) on music perception with the use of the self-compiled test. This article focuses on the description of the development and validation of a music perception test. To date, the main direction in frequency lowering hearing aid studies has been in relation to speech perception abilities. With improvements in hearing aid technology, interest in musical perception as a dimension that could improve hearing aid users’ quality of life grew. The Music Perception Test (MPT) was designed to evaluate different aspects of rhythm, timbre, pitch and melody. The development of the MPT could be described as design based. Phase 1 of the study included test development and recording while Phase 2 entailed presentation of stimuli to normal hearing listeners (n=15) and hearing aid users (n=4). Based on the findings of Phase 2, item analysis was performed to eliminate or change stimuli that resulted in high error rates. During Phase 3 the adapted version of the test was performed on a smaller group of normal hearing listeners (n=4) and twenty hearing aid users. Results proved that normal hearing adults as well as adults using hearing aids were able to complete all the sub-tests of the MPT although hearing aid users scored less on the various sub-tests than normal hearing listeners. For the rhythm section of the MPT normal hearing listeners scored on average 93.8% versus 75.5% of hearing aid users and 83% for the timbre section compared to 62.3% by hearing aid users. Normal hearing listeners obtained an average score of 86.3% for the pitch section and 88.2% for the melody section compared to the 70.8% and 61.9% respectively obtained by hearing aid users. This implicates that the MPT can be used successfully for assessment of music perception in hearing aid users within the South African context and can therefore result in more accountable hearing aid fittings taking place. The test can further be used as a counseling tool to assist audiologists and patients in understanding the problems they experience regarding music perception and might be used for future musical training in areas where participants experience problems to customize individual fittings
The influence of non-linear frequency compression on the perception of music by adults with a moderate to severe hearing loss: Subjective impressions
Authors: Uys Marinda , Pottas Lidia , Vinck Bart , Van Dijk Catherine
Published: March 2017

Objective: To date, the main direction in frequency-lowering hearing aid studies has been in relation to speech perception abilities. With improvements in hearing aid technology, interest in musical perception as a dimension that could improve hearing aid users’ quality of life has grown. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of non-linear frequency compression (NFC) on hearing aid users’ subjective impressions of listening to music. Design & sample: A survey research design was implemented to elicit participants’ (N=40) subjective impressions of musical stimuli with and without NFC. Results: The use of NFC significantly improved hearing aid users’ perception of the musical qualities of overall fidelity, tinniness and reverberance. Although participants preferred to listen to the loudness, fullness, crispness, naturalness and pleasantness of music with the use of NFC, these benefits were not significant. Conclusion: The use of NFC can increase hearing aid users’ enjoyment and appreciation of music. Given that a relatively large percentage of hearing aid users express a loss of enjoyment of music, audiologists should not ignore the possible benefits of NFC, especially if one takes into account that previous research indicates speech perception benefits with this technology.
Are we there yet? On a journey towards more contextually relevant resources in speech-language therapy and audiology
Authors: Pascoe Michelle , Rogers Christine , Norman Vivienne
Published: March 2017

Audiologists and speech-language therapists working in developing contexts like South Africa have the opportunity to address a range of needs through their research. One of these needs is the development of assessments and therapy materials that are appropriate for their clients’particular language needs and cultural background. This editorial paper aims to introduce original research in speech-language therapy and audiology, which has been carried out in South Africa and other developing contexts and is presented in this volume of the journal. In addition we suggest that while the focus of much research is on the destination or end product that is developed, there is a need to share the methodologies that are used to reach that goal so that more research can be carried out by a wider pool of students, researchers and clinicians. We describe some of the methods that we have used in our research – often in small scale projects with budgetary constraints, which would be feasible for clinicians in their routine clinical contexts. Our hope is that others can build on these approaches, critique and share their own strategies for the ultimate advancement of the professions in southern Africa.
Speech-evoked cortical auditory responses in children with normal hearing
Authors: Almeqbel Aseel
Published: March 2017

Objective: Cortical auditory-evoked potentials (CAEPs), an objective measure of human speech encoding in individuals with normal or impaired auditory systems, can be used to assess the outcomes of hearing aids and cochlear implants in infants, or in young children who cannot co-operate for behavioural speech discrimination testing. The current study aimed to determine whether naturally produced speech stimuli /m/, /g/ and /t/ evoke distinct CAEP response patterns that can be reliably recorded and differentiated, based on their spectral information and whether the CAEP could be an electrophysiological measure to differentiate between these speech sounds.Method: CAEPs were recorded from 18 school-aged children with normal hearing, tested in two groups: younger (5 - 7 years) and older children (8 - 12 years). Cortical responses differed in their P1 and N2 latencies and amplitudes in response to /m/, /g/ and /t/ sounds (from low-, mid- and high-frequency regions, respectively). The largest amplitude of the P1 and N2 component was for /g/ and the smallest was for /t/. The P1 latency in both age groups did not show any significant difference between these speech sounds. The N2 latency showed a significant change in the younger group but not in the older group. The N2 latency of the speech sound /g/ was always noted earlier in both groups.Conclusion: This study demonstrates that spectrally different speech sounds are encoded differentially at the cortical level, and evoke distinct CAEP response patterns. CAEP latencies and amplitudes may provide an objective indication that spectrally different speech sounds are encoded differently at the cortical level.
Galvanic Esophageal Injury
Authors: Seshadri Chandrasekar Thoguluva , Kalamegam Raja Yogesh , Chandrasekar Viveksandeep Thoguluva , Janakan Gokul Bollu
Published: March 2017

Foreign body ingestion is a common clinical problem met in paediatric practice. Though an expectant line of management is indicated in most instances, ingested button batteries warrant emergency endoscopy and retrieval. When impacted, they can result in mucosal damage as a consequence of mechanical, chemical and electrical injury as well as systemic heavy-metal toxicity. Here we report the case of a three-year-old child who presented with features suggestive of impacted oesophageal foreign body. X ray neck revealed the characteristic features, confirming the diagnosis of an impacted button battery. The battery was successfully retrieved endoscopically with fluoroscopic assistance.
Categorifications of the extended affine Hecke algebra and the affine $q$-Schur algebra $\widehat {\mathbf S} (n,r)$ for $3 \leq r < n$
Authors: Mackaay Marco , Thiel Anne-Laure
Published: March 2017

We categorify the extended affine Hecke algebra and the affine quantum Schur algebra

\widehat {\mathbf S} (n,r)

for

3 \leq r < n

, using results on diagrammatic categorification in affine type A by Elias–Williamson, that extend the work of Elias–Khovanov for finite type A, and Khovanov–Lauda respectively. We also define 2-representations of these categorifications on an extension of the 2-category of affine (singular) Soergel bimodules. These results are the affine analogue of the results in [28].
Applying Program Theory-Driven Evaluation to Design, Implement and Evaluate Geography Learning Community Program—Case Study
Authors: Su-ching Lin , Wu Ming-sui , Chen Yi-Ling
Published: March 2017

This study aimed to apply program theory-driven evaluation to design, implement, and evaluate Geography Learning Community Program ( GLCP) and focused on investigating the impacts of GLCP on students’ communicative capability, learning attitude, and critical thinking ability. Program theory in this study was based on philosophy of Learning Community advocated by Manabu Sato, Japanese Scholar. The participants consisted of 25 eight-grade students. Based on eighth grade Geography textbook, the authors cooperatively designed 4 unit teaching materials, and implemented them for 12 weeks. During the research period, the data were collected through teaching reflection journals, classroom observations, student worksheets, student learning reflections, semi-structured interviews, communicative capability survey, learning attitude survey, and critical thinking survey. Data analyses included both qualitative and quantitative methods. Both the analyses of quantitative and qualitative data indicated that GLCP could promote student’s interpersonal relationships, learning attitudes, and students’ critical thinking abilities.
The Organization of Community-Based Disaster Risk Reduction for the Earthquake and Tsunami in Bengkulu Province
Authors: Indarti Sri , Suwitri Sri , Suharyanto Ir. , Kismartini .
Published: March 2017

Bengkulu province is located on the West Coast of Sumatra island, where a number of 7 out of 10 District/City of Bengkulu province is located in the coastal area. Vulnerability to earthquake, tsunami and Goro (tsunami) increases with the Bengkulu position has a complex geological structure because it is on the collision of two massive tectonic plates that is the Indo-Australia plate in the South and North of Eurosia marked with examples of tectonic earthquake centers on Enggano Islands, Laish and surrounding areas. Vulnerability is also due to the presence of a buffer is not yet a strong news/good natural fortification of mangrove, beach and spruce beach tree nor adequate breakwater. The research method is qualitative, which focuses on the research field. Data collection is done by observation, interview and documentation, research analysis conducted using an interactive model of Miles and Huberman, the validity of the data refer to the criteria of kredibitas Moleong with the validity of the analysis methodology policies from Dunn that focuses on triangulation, and with rolling according to needs also techniques utilizing of the other validity. The results showed that there are some PRBBK implementers such as BPBD with the village of Tough Social Service disaster, through disaster preparedness, Kampong program health services of villages program with active standby, PMI with the community-based disaster preparedness program (KBBM) and PRBBK along with Public Interest Group. The organization development of the upcoming PRBBK on needs to be improved by optimizing the role of each stakeholder and partnership organizer who combined with leadership, coordination by BPBD Province in which the head of the BPBD province (ex officio) is the Secretary of the County that has the authority to divide the Echelon task and coordinating the PRBBK.
Increasing self-awareness when posting on social media sites
Authors: Doas Michelle Dellaria
Published: March 2017

At some point, most nurses have, or will post on Social media sites.  Social media includes, but is not limited to Facebook, Snap Chat, You Tube and Twitter and allows instant communication, often without in-depth thought of professional consequences. The casualness and easy access to these forms of communication increase the likelihood that a nurse may innocently disclose information that could have a negative impact on his/her professional role.
Over Absolute Valued Algebras with Central Element not Necassary Idempotent
Authors: Diouf Alassane , Diabang Andre S. , Ba Alhousseynou , Diompy Mankagna A.
Published: March 2017

We study the absolute valued algebras containing a central element non necessary idempotent. We determine the absolute valued algebras containing a central element if we add some requirements. Also we gives a classification of finite-dimensional absolute valued algebras containing a generalized left unit and central element.
APLIKACE TEXTURNÍ RTG-DIFRAKČNÍ ANALÝZY V TEKTONICE – KVANTIFIKACE PŘEDNOSTNÍ ORIENTACE KALCITU V KARBONÁTOVÝCH HORNINÁCH
Authors: Kurdík Stanislav , Melichar Rostislav , Novák Jiří , Všianský Dalibor
Published: March 2017

The goal of this work was to apply texture x-ray diffraction analysis to study naturally strained rocks, in which the quantification of main preferred orientation cannot be conducted by the optical methods. This method has mainly been developed for metallography and its application in geology has been very limited so far. Samples of the fine-grained limestone have been collected from an outcrop, in which the direction of tectonic movement has been known. Thus, the tectonic situation could be correlated with the data obtained by XRD texture analysis. Analyses have been done by two devices with different geometry of experiment. The first experiment (Schulz reflection geometry) needed correction for the gain data, because of tilting of the sample, which led to the misalignment of the sample from the x-ray beam direction. The second one (in-plane geometry) has been measured, when the sample has been fixed and rotated, thus the correction was not needed. The results in a form of pole figures reflect the mechanism of deformation. The orientation of cleavage planes of calcite parallel to foliation indicates a cataclastic flow. Thus, the method could be used to study deformation mechanisms. The asymmetry of the results can show sense of shear, but it could also reflect inhomogenities of the samples.
HYDROTERMÁLNÍ MINERALIZACE V HORNINÁCH SOLÁŇSKÉHO SOUVRSTVÍ V ZÁPADNÍ ČÁSTI CHŘIBŮ
Authors: Vlasáková Jana , Kropáč Kamil
Published: March 2017

Hydrothermal mineralization sporadically occurs in the western part of Chřiby Hills in a form of thin carbonate veins and veinlets hosted by sedimentary rocks of the Lukov Member of the Soláň Formation. These veins were found in old quarries and slope debris nearby Koryčany, Cetechovice, and Roštín. The mineral filling of studied veins is formed by calcite or rarely calcite and barite. Based on the investigation of fluid inclusions, hydrothermal calcite crystallized from low-temperature (Th = 70–187 °C) and on average low-salinity (0.2–5.6 wt. % NaCl equiv.) hydrothermal solutions. Hydrothermal veins filling crack systems with the direction NNW–SSE or W–E in quarries Holý kopec near Koryčany and Roštín-Chapel are probably post-tectonic. Their origin can be connected to young tectonic events after the termination of main phase of the Alpine Orogeny. Diagenetic origin cannot be excluded in case of calcite vein which fills a bed joint between layers of conglomerate in old quarry 3.5 km south–southeast from the town Koryčany. The source fluids can be derived from mixing of seawater with diagenetic waters. In case of post-tectonic veins, a contribution of meteoric waters is also possible. In addition, UV-fluorescence microscopy reveals a sporadic presence of inclusion with higher hydrocarbons which exhibits strong blue-white fluorescence. These inclusions document a migration activity of higher hydrocarbons in the northwestern part of the Rača Unit in Chřiby Hills.
El estatuto del parlamentario en la Constitución francesa de 1958. Comentario y análisis comparativo con el Estatuto del parlamentario español en el régimen constitucional de 1978
Authors: Cantos Padilla Isabel María
Published: March 2017

Resumen:Este artículo analiza el estatuto del parlamentario en Francia y España.De la comparación de la regulación en ambos países y su resultado,en Francia destaca, pese a la prolífica regulación en la materia, latodavía persistente acumulación de cargos por los parlamentarios, quefavorece el absentismo y la consecuente degradación de la función parlamentaria.Asimismo, en ambos países perviven las clásicas prerrogativasde los parlamentarios –en otro tiempo justificadas por el conflictode legitimidades entre el Poder ejecutivo y el Poder legislativo–.En Francia se ha dado un paso –que sería deseable en España– para laadecuación de la prerrogativa conocida en España como inmunidad (enFrancia, inviolabilité): desde 1995 es posible iniciar diligencias contraun parlamentario sin la correspondiente autorización parlamentaria(las medidas coercitivas sí la requieren). También se echa de menosuna transformación del instituto conocido en España como inviolabilidad(en Francia, irresponsabilité) hoy en día, en que la libertad deexpresión está reconocida a cualquier ciudadano, para que deje deamparar determinados ilícitos penales, como las injurias o las calumnias.En ambos países se impone, por lo tanto, una mayor adecuaciónde la normativa comentada a la de países de nuestro entorno con unaregulación más avanzada.Abstract:This article analyses the status of parliamentarians in France andSpain. From a comparison of the regulations in force in both countriesand their outcome, the highlight in France, despite the prolific regulationson the subject, is the still persistent accumulation of positions by Members of Parliament, thus increasing absenteeism and the consequential degradation in the operation of Parliament. Furthermore, both countries continue to preserve the classical prerogatives of parliamentarians justified in other periods of history by the conflicts over legitimacy between the Executive and the Legislative Powers. France has taken a step that would be desirable in Spain for the adaptation of the prerogative of immunity (known in Spain as inmunidad and in France as inviolabilité): since 1995, it is possible to bring proceedings against a Member of Parliament without the corresponding authorization by parliament itself (coercive measures do require such authorization).Also pending transformation nowadays is the institution ofnon-accountability (known in Spain as inviolabilidad and in Franceas irresponsabilité). Now that freedom of expression is acknowledgedfor all citizens, this should cease to protect MPs against lawsuits fordefamation or slander. In both countries, therefore, it is necessary toadapt the regulations mentioned to those of our neighbour countrieswith more advanced norms.
Los fundamentos del «progreso informático» en la Unión Europea
Authors: Sánchez Barrilao Juan Francisco
Published: March 2017

Resumen:La importancia del progreso informático en el vigente contexto globalizado,nos lleva a interrogarnos por los fundamentos de su regulacióny ordenación en la Unión Europea, y en especial en su Derecho originario.A estos efectos comenzamos por una aproximación a la ideade progreso en relación con el proceso de integración europea, parapasar luego a analizar ya la noción de progreso tecnológico (en cuanto quemarco en el que se incluye el más específico progreso informático) y suconfiguración a nivel de Naciones Unidas como derecho humano, amodo de parámetro desde el que posteriormente estudiar luego: primero,los fundamentos del progreso informático en el Derecho originariode la Unión Europea; y segundo, cómo se desarrollan dichos fundamentoso bases en el Derecho derivado europeo y en la actividad de laUnión. Para terminar, concluiremos con unas consideraciones críticasal respecto de la percepción jurídica y política que del progreso informáticosubyace en el proceso de integración europea, y sobre si talespostulados responden, adecuadamente o no, al contexto tecnológico einformatizado en que vivimos.Abstract:Computer science progress inquires on the basis of its regulation inthe European Union, for all the Constitutive Treaties. This paperbegins with an approximation to the idea of progress in the Europeanintegration. It continues with the problem of technological progressin the documents of United Nations. These steps help to analyze theregulation of computer science progress in the Constitutive Treatiesof the European Union and its development in the Secondary Law. FinallyI finish with some remarks on the political and law ideas latenton the European Union and their coherence with the contemporarytechnological context.
ДРЖАВНО УРЕЂЕЊЕ БОСНЕ И ХЕРЦЕГОВИНЕ И ИНТЕГРАЦИОНИ ПРОЦЕСИ
Authors: Благојевић Милан
Published: March 2017

Вријеме у којем живимо карактеришу, између осталог, раз-новрсни процеси повезивања држава у свијету, као и њиховог интегрисања уразличите међународне организације. За простор на којем живимо од посебневажности су настојања да се он интегрише у структуре Европске уније. Јед-но од питања које се с тим у вези поставља већ дуже вријеме је не само токакво државно уређење има БиХ него и са каквим обликом тог уређења онаможе постати чланица поменуте уније. Том питању је посвећен овај рад. Уњему аутор, између осталог, указује на искуства држава (Белгије и Шпаније)чије сложено државно уређење није препрека за њихово чланство у Европскојунији. Због тога ни дејтонски Устав није препрека за чланство Босне и Хер-цеговине у тој организацији (као ни у другим међународним организацијама),што је и најважнија порука овог рада.
СУВЕРЕНОСТ ДРЖАВА ИЗМЕЂУ КРИЗЕ МЕЂУНАРОДНОГ ПРАВА И САВРЕМЕНЕ ПОЛИТИЧКЕ РЕАЛНОСТИ
Authors: Савић Матеј
Published: March 2017

Од Боденовог схватања државне власти као сувере-не, тј. највише, самосталне, непрекидне и недјељиве, право, друштвои држава са својим најбитнијим квалитетом – сувереношћу државневласти, до данас су прошли кроз великe промјене. Сувереност државневласти и независност држава, јe све више релативан феномен, како изунутрашњег, тако и са спољашњег аспекта. Међународна заједница уцјелини, међународно право и воља заинтересованих субјеката међуна-родних односа имају све већи утицај на унутрашњи живот државе, доксе држави и њеној власти у доктрини приписују посебни квалитети каошто су ефективност, легалност, легитимност, демократичност итд.Савремена политичка реалност је таква да се у доктрини све чешћесувереност доводи у везу са посебним – ексклузивним ресурсима и капа-цитетима одређених држава, а не са квалитетом власти, елементимадржаве, или пак, вољом народа. Међутим, државна сувереност пред-ставља много више од основне агрегатне процјене ресурса и простедерегулације, јер без здраве државне организације и њеног суверените-та не може постојати, данас међународно прихваћен систем коорди-нације, нити било какав супранационални суверенитет, или пак општиправни поредак, који би државе међусобно могле успоставити.
Global reorganisation of cis-regulatory units upon lineage commitment of human embryonic stem cells
Authors: Freire-Pritchett Paula , Schoenfelder Stefan , Várnai Csilla , Wingett Steven W , Cairns Jonathan , Collier Amanda J , García-Vílchez Raquel , Furlan-Magaril Mayra , Osborne Cameron S , Fraser Peter , Rugg-Gunn Peter J , Spivakov Mikhail
Published: March 2017

Long-range cis-regulatory elements such as enhancers coordinate cell-specific transcriptional programmes by engaging in DNA looping interactions with target promoters. Deciphering the interplay between the promoter connectivity and activity of cis-regulatory elements during lineage commitment is crucial for understanding developmental transcriptional control. Here, we use Promoter Capture Hi-C to generate a high-resolution atlas of chromosomal interactions involving ~22,000 gene promoters in human pluripotent and lineage-committed cells, identifying putative target genes for known and predicted enhancer elements. We reveal extensive dynamics of cis-regulatory contacts upon lineage commitment, including the acquisition and loss of promoter interactions. This spatial rewiring occurs preferentially with predicted changes in the activity of cis-regulatory elements and is associated with changes in target gene expression. Our results provide a global and integrated view of promoter interactome dynamics during lineage commitment of human pluripotent cells.
A receptor and neuron that activate a circuit limiting sucrose consumption
Authors: Joseph Ryan M , Sun Jennifer S , Tam Edric , Carlson John R
Published: March 2017

The neural control of sugar consumption is critical for normal metabolism. In contrast to sugar-sensing taste neurons that promote consumption, we identify a taste neuron that limits sucrose consumption in Drosophila. Silencing of the neuron increases sucrose feeding; optogenetic activation decreases it. The feeding inhibition depends on the IR60b receptor, as shown by behavioral analysis and Ca2+ imaging of an IR60b mutant. The IR60b phenotype shows a high degree of chemical specificity when tested with a broad panel of tastants. An automated analysis of feeding behavior in freely moving flies shows that IR60b limits the duration of individual feeding bouts. This receptor and neuron provide the molecular and cellular underpinnings of a new element in the circuit logic of feeding regulation. We propose a dynamic model in which sucrose acts via IR60b to activate a circuit that inhibits feeding and prevents overconsumption.
Atomic Layer Deposition of a Silver Nanolayer on Advanced Titanium Orthopedic Implants Inhibits Bacterial Colonization and Supports Vascularized de Novo Bone Ingrowth
Authors: Devlin‐Mullin Aine , Todd Naomi M. , Golrokhi Zahra , Geng Hua , Konerding Moritz A. , Ternan Nigel G. , Hunt John A. , Potter Richard J. , Sutcliffe Chris , Jones Eric , Lee Peter D. , Mitchell Christopher A.
Published: March 2017

Joint replacement surgery is associated with significant morbidity and mortality following infection with either methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) or Staphylococcus epidermidis. These organisms have strong biofilm‐forming capability in deep wounds and on prosthetic surfaces, with 103–104 microbes resulting in clinically significant infections. To inhibit biofilm formation, we developed 3D titanium structures using selective laser melting and then coated them with a silver nanolayer using atomic layer deposition. On bare titanium scaffolds, S. epidermidis growth was slow but on silver‐coated implants there were significant further reductions in both bacterial recovery (p < 0.0001) and biofilm formation (p < 0.001). MRSA growth was similarly slow on bare titanium scaffolds and not further affected by silver coating. Ultrastructural examination and viability assays using either human bone or endothelial cells, demonstrated strong adherence and growth on titanium‐only or silver‐coated implants. Histological, X‐ray computed microtomographic, and ultrastructural analyses revealed that silver‐coated titanium scaffolds implanted into 2.5 mm defects in rat tibia promoted robust vascularization and conspicuous bone ingrowth. We conclude that nanolayer silver of titanium implants significantly reduces pathogenic biofilm formation in vitro, facilitates vascularization and osseointegration in vivo making this a promising technique for clinical orthopedic applications.
Silicene: A Promising Anode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhuang Jincheng , Xu Xun , Peleckis Germanas , Hao Weichang , Dou Shi Xue , Du Yi
Published: March 2017

Silicene, a single‐layer‐thick silicon nanosheet with a honeycomb structure, is successfully fabricated by the molecular‐beam‐epitaxy (MBE) deposition method on metallic substrates and by the solid‐state reaction method. Here, recent progress on the features of silicene that make it a prospective anode for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) are discussed, including its charge‐carrier mobility, chemical stability, and metal–silicene interactions. The electrochemical performance of silicene is reviewed in terms of both theoretical predictions and experimental measurements, and finally, its challenges and outlook are considered.
Nanocrystalline Graphite Formed at Fullerene‐Like Carbon Film Frictional Interface
Authors: Shi Jing , Wang Yongfu , Gong Zhenbin , Zhang Bin , Wang Chengbing , Zhang Junyan
Published: March 2017

High performance solid lubricant materials with long wear life remain as one of the challenges in space technology. It is of great significance to lower the solid film's friction and wear and to prolong its service life in vacuum. Hydrogenated fullerene‐like carbon film produced by dc‐pulsed power source behaves ultralong wear life (≫1.8 × 105 cycles) and ultralow wear rate (2.2 × 10−8 mm3 Nm−1) as well as low friction (≈0.14) in high vacuum (2.3 × 10−4 Pa). To understand its long wear life reason, the interfacial structural evolution is investigated after steady state friction is achieved. By observing the interfacial nanostructure evolution, it is found that the friction and wear properties are related to the friction‐induced phase transformation from fullerene like structure to nanocrystalline graphite and the deposition of tribofilm on Al2O3 counterface. And this process is analyzed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, micro‐Raman spectra and is observed through transmission electron microscopy. The results enrich hydrogenated fullerene‐like carbon film friction mechanisms and expand its potential application in space.