bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bioassay Guided Isolation of Polysaccharide Rich Fraction from Myrmecodia Platytyrae and its Bile Acid Binder Property
Authors: Hasan M. K. Nik , Wahab I. Abdul , Mizaton H. H. , Li A. R. , Rasadah M. A. , Khir M. A. Muhd , Radzi A.
Published: April 2020

Bioassay guided isolation was done on the Myrmecodia platytyrae (MyP) extracts in order to find the best extract that can bind with bile acid. The function of bile acid binder is to reduce the reabsorption of bile acid in the intestine so that it will cause the decrease of cholesterol in the blood circulation. The extraction process was started by using different organic solvent such as hexane, toluene, ethyl acetate, ethanol and water. All extracts were tested its bile acid binding properties and the extract gave out highest activity was selected to be fractionated. The result showed that water extract has highest bile acid binding property (75%). Then, fractionation process was performed in order to find the best fraction from water extract that have bile acid binding property. The sub-fractionation processes were continued and the process only focussed to the fraction that has highest bile acid binding property until a white powder with 97.02 % carbohydrate was obtained. The powder was subjected to FTIR and was found to have glycosidic bond as shown by bands at 1141 until 1018 cm-1 which is a character of polysaccharide. The polysaccharide rich fraction was hydrolysed and subjected to HPLC to identify its monosaccharide groups. The result showed the presence of glucose and fructose were found to be among the major monosaccharides. This result suggested that the polysaccharide from MyP water extract with high bile acid binding property was gluco-fructan.
The Pattern of Distribution of ABO Blood Groups in Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria
Authors: Yilwa Victoria Moltong
Published: April 2020

The study was undertaken to assess the distribution of the ABO blood groups in Kaduna metropolis, Nigeria. Blood group types of forty-three thousand, nine hundred and nineteen (43,919) people were collected from eight different hospitals in Kaduna metropolis over a period of four years. These hospitals are easily accessible by all groups and classes of people because of their location. Phenotypic and allelic frequencies were determined to understand the distribution pattern of the ABO blood groups. A chi-square test was carried out to test whether the population was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The O blood group occurred with the highest frequency (44.13%), while the AB blood group had the lowest occurrence of 3.98%. Blood group A was more predominant (29.12%) than B blood group (22.77%). The O allele had the highest allelic frequency (0.67), while the A and B alleles were lower (0.19 and 0.14 respectively). The ABO blood group system was found to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
Editorial
Authors: Mustata Dana
Published: April 2020

Doing European television history is as much a theoretical and
methodological challenge as it is a practical one. This novice field of
study requires first and foremost answers to a few fundamental questions:
How do we define European television? What tools do we employ to engage in
television research that goes beyond or against national borders of
television in Europe? How do we integrate Europe in a field of research that
has been predominantly Western?
Mapping Europe
Authors: Pajala Mari
Published: April 2020

The Eurovision Song Contest (ESC) offers a unique viewpoint to the ways
Europe has been imagined on television from the 1950s to the present. This
paper looks at the use of a key visual symbol for Europe, the European map,
to outline the history of the ESC’s representation of Europe. Whilst the
European map was rarely used during the ﬁrst decades of the ESC, it became a
central visual element of the show in the 1990s, a period of great political
change in Europe. Since then, the ESC maps have pictured an ever widening
image of Europe, gradually moving towards a dynamic, moving image of Europe
and ﬁnally, dispensing with a coherent map of Europe altogether.
Comunicar Europa / Communicating Europe
Authors: Palacio Manuel , Cascajosa Concepción
Published: April 2020

This article will look into the case of a European television
co-production: Pepe Carvalho (1999), a Spanish-Italian-French series based
on the adventures of private detective created by writer Manuel Vázquez
Montalbán. Taking account of production and reception issues, it will
address the complexities of using media in the process of European
construction. The main objective of this text is to observe the manner in
which cinema and television are interwoven into the collection of actions
that are working towards the idea of Europe as a community, looking into
processes that give meaning to the collective transmission of European
values. The article will focus specifically on the way in which critics and
media scholars collaborate as spurs or brakes in the processes of ‘comunicar
Europa’ / ‘communicating Europe’.
Hello, Lenin?
Authors: Khinkulova Kateryna
Published: April 2020

After the collapse of the USSR in 1991, Soviet television looked
old-fashioned and seemed redundant, with the emerging post-Soviet televisual
cultures turning their gazes to global sources of inspiration. The next
decade affected Russia and Ukraine in very different ways. In Russia brief
exposure to what was seen as “cheap mass-culture” left TV viewers and
producers disillusioned. With the change of attitude towards Western TV, the
ideas about Soviet TV changed, too. From a grey and unexciting model Soviet
TV had become a shining example of “high quality” and nostalgia-driven
content set in for the next few years. In Ukraine, where no domestic TV had
existed as such prior to 1991 and where Soviet TV was rapidly fading into
the past (and some-one else’s past, too), a decade of experimenting with
programming had left the TV producers much more open to global television
formats and Western ideas, developing programmes very different than the
Russian ones.
"It's Just So Hard to Bring It to Mind"
Authors: Collie Hazel
Published: April 2020

Memory is theorised as constructive and unreliable, while television has
been characterised as forgettable and guilty of undermining memory. In a
recent series of oral history interviews I asked British women of different
generations to tell me their memories of television in the period 1947 to
1989. This article presents some of their memories to demonstrate how, far
from undermining memory, television is used a type of memory text for
particular life stages.
Television as a Hybrid Repertoire of Memory
Authors: Hagedoorn Berber
Published: April 2020

In this article, television is reconsidered as a hybrid ‘repertoire’
ofmemory. It is demonstrated how new dynamic production and scheduling
practicesin connection with highly accessible and participatory forms of
user engagementoffer opportunities for television users to engage with the
past, and how suchpractices affect television as a practice of memory. The
media platform HollandDoc is discussed as a principal casestudy. By adopting
and expanding Aleida Assmann’s model of the dynamics ofcultural memory
between remembering and forgetting, a new model to studytelevision as
cultural memory is proposed which represents the medium’shybridity in the
multi-platform era.
Why Should We Study Socialist Commercials?
Authors: Imre Anikó
Published: April 2020

This article looks at television’s so far neglected contribution as a
relay and interpretive framework at the intersection of postsocialist memory
and history studies. It zooms in on postsocialist nostalgia as a relational
expression of a heterogeneous set of desires that operate in an
intercultural network. Televisual nostalgia also implicates Western Europe
and makes explicit a Western European longing for the divided Europe of the
Cold War. This longing, in turn, shores up Europe’s repressed imperial
history. Television’s role at the pressure points of postsocialist
institutional and economic policy, consumption and narrative concerns makes
it an indispensable window into the intertwined workings of nostalgia and
nationalism within a postcolonial Europe.
The assessment of pain, flexibility and daily activity level in the patients who had facet tropism
Authors: Kizilkan Busra , Sayaca Cetin , Turkoglu Ozlem
Published: April 2020

Background: The aim of this study to investigate the relationship between asymmetric angular value in lumbar facet joints and pain, flexibility and daily activity level.

Methods: The study included 51 patients with complaint of low back pain (LBP) and underwent lumbar magnetic resonance imaging. Facet joint angle measurements of L4-L5 and L5-S1 were measured. Visual analogue scale (VAS) was used for severity of pain. Joint range of motions (ROM) was measured via goniometry. Body extensibility measurements were performed via body hyperextension test. The Nottingham health profile scale was used to assess daily activity level of individuals.  

Results: The VAS values of patients with tropism were significantly higher (p=0.016). There wasn’t significance difference in ROM and flexibility (p=0.784). In patient group with facet tropism, there was limit of lateral flexion towards the side where the facet joint angle was larger than the control group (p=0.002). There was no significant difference between daily activity levels of both groups (p=0.755).

Conclusions: Pain severity of facet tropism patients is higher. Patients with facet tropism had lateral flexion restriction. In the light of these findings, when the lateral flexion limitation is detected in individuals with complaints of pain without discopathy, it’s necessary to make MR measurements in differential diagnosis by considering facet joint tropism, and to plan physiotherapy and rehabilitation programs. As a result, tropism should be questioned in patients suffering from LBP and limited lateral flexion. There is need for studies in which different evaluation and treatment methods are applied for tropism.

 
Post thyroidectomy skin sinus formation
Authors: Suga Yisihak , Teklewold Berhanetsehay , Mengesha Netsanet , Gebeyehu Melese
Published: April 2020

Thyroid surgery is frequently complicated by hematoma collection, nerve injury, hypothyroidism and rarely infections but persistent discharge from the gland is unusual. We report a case of persistent sinus discharge from the thyroid of the patient who underwent thyroidectomy 5 years back. The patient had persistent discharge from the wound site along with recurrent swelling all the years afterward. Fine needle aspiration cytology proved it was recurrent papillary cancer. Swab culture from discharge showed no growth. Completion thyroidectomy with functional lymph node dissection was done and specimen was not harbouring any foreign body and biopsy showed recurrent papillary cancer. Although post thyroidectomy sinus discharges are usually secondary to foreign body or chronic inflammation like tuberculosis, the tumour itself can be considered as a cause.
Splash mask formulation of tangerine (Citrus reticulata Blanco.) peel extract and turmeric (Curcuma longa L) extract as a whitening agent
Authors: Sriarumtias Framesti Frisma , Auliasari Nurul
Published: April 2020

Background: Indonesia is a tropical country that is exposed to the sun for 12 hours, one of the harm effects of sunlight which is damage to the skin. The purpose of this study was to determine tyrosinase inhibition of tangerin peel extract (Citrus reticulata Blanco.) from Garut, West Java, Indonesia then develop the splash mask from the extract.

Methods: The tangerine peel will be extracted by maceration method. The splash mask formulation containing tangerine peel extract which has a whitening agent. Tyrosinase inhibition determine by ELISA method with tyrosinase enzyme and L-DOPA substrat.

Results: The results showed that tangerine peel extract had tyrosinase inhibition with the IC50 of 30.000 ppm, which has less effective than kojic acid with IC50 81,10 ppm. Splash mask containing of 1000x IC50, evaluation carried out for 28 days showed that preparations made pharmaceutically stable.

Conclusions: In addition, the whitening agent of tangerine peel extract is in the weak category. It is hoped that this research can increase the value of tangerine peel waste.

 
Effect of intralesional measles mumps rubella immunotherapy in cutaneous viral warts
Authors: Jaiswal Rahul N. , Gosavi Anil P. , Chavan Ravindranath B. , Kundale Darshana R.
Published: April 2020

Background: Viral warts are benign proliferation of the skin and mucosa caused by various strains of double stranded DNA human papilloma virus (HPV). MMR immunotherapy of warts is a novel, simple, cost-effective procedure which treats wart by stimulation of non-specific cell mediated immune response to clear HPV virus from the skin. A study to evaluate the role of intralesional measles mumps rubella (MMR) immunotherapy in cutaneous viral warts.

Methods: Total 22 patients of both sexes were included in the study. Intralesional MMR 1 unit (0.1 ml) was injected into the largest wart at 2 weeks interval for a maximum of six treatments. Maximum dose of immunotherapy was 0.5 ml for one session and follow up was kept for 3 months duration.

Results: Out of 22, 20 patients completed the treatment, 12 patients (60%) shows complete response, 5 patients (25%) shows partial response and 3 patients (15%) shows no response.

Conclusions: Intralesional measles mumps rubella (MMR) immunotherapy is an easy, simple, minimally invasive and relatively painless technique, which helps in induction of an adequate immune response leading to resolution of warts.
A study on the efficacy of intralesional bleomycin for the treatment of periungual and palmoplantar warts
Authors: Puri Neerja
Published: April 2020

Background: Amongst the different modalities for the treatment of warts, not a single modality is fully effective. While treating warts, the possibility of spontaneous regression must also be kept in mind. The aim of treating warts is to induce long term immunity without recurrences. To study the efficacy and safety of intralesional bleomycin for the treatment of twenty patients with periungual and palmoplantar warts.

Methods: We conducted a prospective study of twenty patients of resistant periungual and palmoplantar warts between the age group of 15-50 years. Three injections of bleomycin were given at an interval of 2 weeks for a maximum of 3 injections (or less if the resolution occurred earlier).

Results: After three sessions, complete clearance of palmoplantar warts was 71.42% and that of periungual warts was 90.90%. lesions were seen in 82% patients and incomplete resolution was seen in 15% patients. Bleomycin has antibacterial, antiviral and cytotoxic activity. Commonest side effect after bleomycin injection was pain seen in 40% (8) patients followed by pigmentary change and Raynauds phenomenon seen in 5% (1) patient each.

Conclusions: Bleomycin is an effective and promising treatment of recalcitrant warts especially in palmoplantar and periungual.

 
Trichoscopy in common scalp alopecia: an observational study
Authors: Varma Krishnendra , Singh Ujjwal , Kataria Manu
Published: April 2020

Background: Many patients of alopecia are encountered in daily practice with diagnostic dilemma. Trichoscopy is a sensitive, non-invasive tool which aids in clinical diagnosis.

Methods: An observational study performed in adult patients with alopecia attending R.D. Gardi Medical College, Ujjain, over a period of one year. Trichoscopy was performed using a Dinolite digital microscope with both polarized and non polarized modes.

Results: 269 patients of alopecia (257 non cicatricial, 12 cicatricial) aged 18-50 years were enrolled. The diagnosis was made after detailed history and clinical examination. 173 (64.3%) males and 96 (35.7%) females. 45.4% patients were diagnosed to have alopecia areata in which yellow dots were the most common trichoscopic finding observed in 88.5% patients. 37.2% patients were diagnosed with androgenetic alopecia with hair diameter diversity >20% observed in all the patients. 9.3% patients were diagnosed to have telogen effluvium with short vellus hair seen in 64% patients. 3.7% of the patients were diagnosed to have seborrheic dermatitis with arborizing vessels being the most common finding seen in 90% patients. 2.9% patients were diagnosed with lichen planopilaris in which loss of follicles and peritubular white casts were seen in all the cases. 0.9% patients were diagnosed to have discoid lupus erythematosus with hyperkeratotic follicular plugging seen in all the cases. Overall yellow dots were the most common trichoscopic findings seen in 61% cases.

Conclusions: Trichoscopy is a reliable diagnostic tool in hair and scalp disorders. Hence trichoscopic evaluation should be done in every case of alopecia.  

 
Onychomadesis associated with hand, foot, and mouth disease: a prospective observational study from North Chennai
Authors: Pichaachari Saraswathy , Nagappan Subramaniam Jayanthi , Sundaram Sajeetha
Published: April 2020

Background: Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common febrile illness caused by coxsackievirus A16 and human enterovirus 71 characterized by vesicular eruptions on hands and feet and enanthem on oral mucosa. Resolves usually without complications but onychomadesis can occur as a late sequlae sometimes.

Methods: Children with clinical diagnosis of HFMD between April to June 2018 were included in the study. Age, sex, duration of illness, cutaneous features and nail changes were noted at initial visit and during every week for next 6 weeks.

Results: 58 children were recruited in the study with boys to girl’s ratio 1.2:1. The average age was 5.3 years. The vesicular lesions predominantly involved palms and soles (88.3%). 65.5% had history of fever and pruritis was the commonest cutaneous symptom. 27 children (48.21%) developed onychomadesis during follow up with average time interval of 3.2 weeks between the clinical diagnosis and nail shedding. Reassurance about spontaneous resolution of the condition given to the parents.

Conclusions: Our study strengthened the association between the HFMD and occurrence of onychomadesis. Physician’s awareness about this benign condition is needed to avoid parental anxiety, unnecessary investigations and treatment for the children.   
Evaluation of music interventions for anxiety during dermatosurgery under local anesthesia
Authors: Deivasigamani Dhivya , Sreedevi Ambujam , Sundar Sumathy , Balasundaram Sivaprakash , Pragasam Shakthi
Published: April 2020

Background: Music is a safe, non-invasive and affordable adjunct to office surgery with several studies based on the effect of music on anxiety levels in varying age groups proving beneficial. The main aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of music intervention on the anxiety levels of patients going through dermato-surgery under local anesthesia.

Methods: Participants (n=150) undergoing dermato-surgery were divided equally as control (no music intervention) and experimental group (music intervention). The demographic data, physiological parameters (blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate (RR)) at varying time intervals (baseline, 10 minutes after the commencement of surgery and 20 minutes after the end of surgery) along with the psychological parameter (anxiety) were recorded.

Results: Participants listened to the music of their interest during surgery. The anxiety levels decreased significantly within both the experimental and control groups at varying time intervals (p<0.0001). Within each group, BP, HR, and RR at all time intervals were statistically significant (p<0.0001). On comparing the control and experimental groups, only systolic BP at all time intervals was statistically significant (p<0.05). A negative correlation was observed in RR at 10 minutes with respect to interest in music and social avoidance; at 20 minutes only with interest in music (p<0.05).

Conclusions: The anxiety level of patients going through dermato-surgery under local anesthesia was reduced due to music intervention at varying time intervals.  
Clinical aspects of palmoplantar dermatoses in patients attending tertiary health care centre
Authors: Vasanthkumar Yashodha Hassan , Chandrasekhar Mangala Hedne , Murugesh Shamnur Basavrajappa
Published: April 2020

Background: Dermatoses affecting palms and soles are among the most difficult of all dermatological therapeutic problems. Apart from diagnostic difficulties, few palmoplantar dermatoses cause great discomfort and disability and may also affect a person's livelihood. To evaluate demographic aspects like age and gender wise distribution and clinical profile of patients suffering from palmoplantar dermatoses.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between August 2018 to July 2019 in the Department of Dermatology, venereology and leprosy in tertiary care centre. Total 200 cases attending the department of dermatology primarily with complaints pertaining to palms and soles with or without body part involvement in patients of age group between 5-70 yrs. and both sexes were enrolled in the study. Investigations such as direct microscopic examination of scrapings, wet mount with potassium hydroxide, Wood’s lamp examination, patch testing and sample for biopsy was taken. After taking consent a detailed history and clinical examination pertaining to the aim of the study was recorded and analysed.

Results: A total of 200 patients were enrolled, among which 63% were males and 37% were females showing male predominance. The most common age group affected was 21-40 years. The most common chief complaint was itching (41.5%). Palmoplantar psoriasis was the most common dermatosis with 23.5% cases.

Conclusions: Palmoplantar dermatoses are frequently encountered in the dermatologic field. Early recognition of clinical symptoms and signs aids in diagnostic investigations and helps in appropriate and effective management of illness to improve the quality of life.
Cutaneous metastasis of signet ring cell appendiceal adenocarcinoma: a herald of disease recurrence
Authors: Seyffert Jennifer L. , Bibliowicz Nathan , Wong Christopher , Wangia Michael
Published: April 2020

Signet ring cell appendiceal adenocarcinoma (SRCAA) is a rare entity with poor prognosis and high tendency for metastasis to pelvic lymph nodes, ovaries, and peritoneal surfaces. Despite numerous reports of intra-abdominal metastasis, there have been few reported cases of cutaneous SRCAA metastasis. We report a rare case of SRCAA metastatic to the cutaneous abdominal wall in a 67 years old female, which was first presenting sign of disease recurrence.
Pigmented basal cell carcinoma: a rare variant at a rare site
Authors: Chavan Ravindranath B. , Gosavi Anil P. , Kakani Megha V. , Potdar Swaraj D. , Agrawal Atika
Published: April 2020

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC), is a most common malignancy reported in the western world. It arises most often in sun-exposed areas (80-85%) especially head and neck consistent with the etiologic role of solar radiation. However, there are atypical localizations such as abdomen, perianal region, groin that require a higher index of suspicion to arrive at the correct diagnosis. Exposure to sunlight is thought to be most responsible etiological factor of BCC, although trauma and scar tissue have also been implicated as possible etiological causes. It has a cure rate of 100% with early diagnosis and surgical excision. Pigmented BCC is a rare clinical and histological variant of BCC that exhibits increase pigmentation. We present a case of rare variant of basal cell carcinoma of abdominal location over a prior surgical scar.

 
A cross sectional study of lichen planus: It’s epidemiological, clinico-histopathogical and serological perspective
Authors: Seetharamanjaneyulu K , Sri Sneha Palakurthi , Venkata Ramana G , Saya Satya
Published: April 2020

Lichen planus (LP) is a common papulosquamous skin disease with a prevalence 1-2% globally and 0.1 - 1.5% in Indian studies with many morphological presentations. LP is strongly associated with chronic HCV infection (3.1- 18.3% in different studies), while the association with other viral infections (Hepatitis B and HIV) is not that strong. There are only a few studies in Indian patients and the association reported is not uniform. Further studies will help to consolidate the association.

1) To study the epidemiological and clinico- histopathological pattern in LP.

2) To determine the serology and assess the possible association with HCV, HBsAg and HIV.

140 patients of LP after histopathological confirmation were tested for detection of HCV antibodies, Hbs antigen and HIV antibodies by HCV-TRIDOT, HEPACARD and HIV –TRIDOT respectively. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS software 20.0.

Most common age group involved was 21-30 years. 75.6% of the patients presented with in 6 months of onset. Extremities and trunk were commonly involved. The most common clinical variants are classical LP(35%) and hypertrophic LP(31%). Mucosal involvement alone was observed in 9.3% patients . HBs Ag was positive in 4 cases , Anti HCV antibodies were positive in 3 cases and HIV was reactive in 3 cases.

There is no significant relationship between LP and Hepatitis B, C and HIV virus. It may be suggested that viral serology (HBV, HCV, HIV) may not be necessary in routine screening for LP.
INTRACELLULAR MECHANISMS OF TUMOR CELL IMMUNORESISTANCE
Authors: Hermanowicz Justyna , Sieklucka Beata , Nosek Krzysztof , Pawlak Dariusz
Published: April 2020

One of the main mechanisms for avoiding immune response by cancer cells is by inducing an immunosuppressive environment in the tumor, following the activation of immune checkpoints i.e. PD-1 or CTLA-4  receptor inhibitors on T lymphocytes. Inhibiting the interaction between PD-1 or CTLA-4 and their ligands (PD-L1, CD80, and CD85) leads to unblocking T-lymphocyte function, and thus destroying cancer cells. Certain intracellular signaling pathways are also involved in the development of tumor cell immunoresistance. Blocking the activation of immunosuppressive pathways  may increase immunological anti-tumor control
Reconstruction of Simulated Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting Using Accelerated Distance Metric Learning
Authors: Yazdani Elmira , Aghabozorgi Sahaf Sajjad , Saligheh Rad Hamidreza
Published: April 2020

Purpose: Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting (MRF) is a novel framework that uses a random acquisition to acquire a unique tissue response, or fingerprint. Through a pattern-matching algorithm, every voxel-vise fingerprint is matched with a pre-calculated dictionary of simulated fingerprints to obtain MR parameters of interest. Currently, a correlation algorithm performs the MRF matching, which is time-consuming. Moreover, MRF suffers from highly undersampled k-space data, thereby reconstructed images have aliasing artifact, propagated to the estimated quantitative maps. We propose using a distance metric learning method as a matching algorithm and a Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) to compress the dictionary, intending to promote the accuracy of MRF and expedite the matching process.
Materials and Methods: In this investigation, a distance metric learning method, called the Relevant Component Analysis (RCA) was used to match the fingerprints from the undersampled data with a compressed dictionary to create quantitative maps accurately and rapidly. An Inversion Recovery Fast Imaging with Steady-State (IR-FISP) MRF sequence was simulated based on an Extended Phase Graph (EPG) on a digital brain phantom. The performance of our work was compared with the original MRF paper.
Results: Effectiveness of our method was evaluated with statistical analysis. Compared with the correlation algorithm and full-sized dictionary, this method acquires tissue parameter maps with more accuracy and better computational speed.
Conclusion: Our numerical results show that learning a distance metric of the undersampled training data accompanied by a compressed dictionary improves the accuracy of the MRF matching and overcomes the computation complexity.
EGSnrc/BEAMnrc-Based Monte Carlo Simulation of the Gamma Knife 4C versus MCNP Code in Homogeneous Media
Authors: Mahmoudi Atefeh , Geraily Ghazale
Published: April 2020

Purpose: Gamma Knife is applied as a superseded tool for inaccessible lesions surgery delivering a single high dose to a well-defined target through 201 small beams. Monte Carlo simulations can be an appropriate supplementary tool to determine dosimetric parameters in small fields due to the related dosimetry hardships.
Materials and Methods: EGSnrc/BEAMnrc Monte Carlo code was implemented to model Gamma Knife 4C. Single channel geometry comprising stationary and helmet collimators was simulated. A point source was considered as a cylindrical Cobalt source based on the simplified source channel mode. All of the 201 source channels were arranged in spherical coordinate by EGSnrc/DOSXYZnrc code to calculate dose profiles. The simulated profiles at the isocentre point in a spherical head phantom 160 mm in diameter along three axes for 4, 8, 14, and 18 mm field sizes were compared to those obtained by another work using MCNP code.
Results: Based on the results, the BEAMnrc and MCNP dose profiles matched well apart from the 18 mm profiles along X and Y directions with the average gamma index of 1.36 and 1.18, respectively. BEAMnrc profiles for 14 and 18 mm field sizes along X and Y axes were entirely flat in plateau region, whereas MCNP profiles represented variations as well as round shape. Besides, considering the identical results, radioactive source can be modeled by a point source instead of cylindrical one.
Conclusion: Thus, the EGSnrc/BEAMnrc code is recommended to simulate Gamma Knife machine as it is regarded as the most accurate computer program to simulate photon and electron interactions.
White Matter and Subcortical Gray Matter Microstructural Integrity in Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: A Combined Diffusion Tensor and Kurtosis Imaging Study
Authors: Sanjari Moghaddam Hossein , Rasouli Amir Hossein , Mohammadi Mobarakeh Neda , Sharifpour Roya , Hashemi-Fesharaki Sohrab , Mehvari Habibabadi Jafar , Nazemzadeh Mohmmadreza
Published: April 2020

Purpose: The present study aimed to assess structural asymmetry in patients with mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (mTLE) in the diffusion properties of brain white matter and subcortical gray matter tracts using Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) and Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging (DKI). We considered a lower order DTI measure, Fractional Anisotropy (FA), and a higher-order DKI measure, Kurtosis Anisotropy (KA), as quantitative measures of the white matter diffusion properties in facing mTLE. We also made a comparison between these two measures in terms of the sensitivity to capture microstructural changes in concordance with TLE.
Materials and Methods: Thirty-two subjects with mTLE participated in this study. All the cases underwent multi-shell diffusion MRI acquisition. The subjects were grouped according to their epileptogenic side of the brain (19 Left-sided and 13 Right-sided TLE). Each group were analyzed separately using FSL package, then laterality analysis based on Tract-Based Spatial Statistics (TBSS) was performed on FA and KA images. After each analysis the left side of the patients’ brain was flipped and subtracted from the right side of the patients’s brain, and a voxel-wise z-score comparison was applied to find the significantly different areas.
Results: The results showed a considerable laterality effect on the temporal lobe white matters both in FA and KA, more emphasized in patients with Right-sided mTLE.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that these two measures, even though extracted from skeletonized images, can serve as decent biomarkers of laterality in case of mTLE, when the conventional MRI fails to capture the laterality.
Introducing a Robotic Lumbar Puncture Simulator with Force Feedback: LP Simd
Authors: Mirbagheri Alireza , Owlia Mohammadhasan , Khabbazan Mostafa , Moradi Mehdi , Mohandesi Fatemeh
Published: April 2020

Purpose: Lumbar Puncture (LP) is widely used for spinal and epidural anesthesia or Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sampling procedures. As this procedure is highly complicated and needs high experience to be performed correctly, it is necessary to teach this skill to the physicians. Considering the limitation of number of usage of rubber models and advantages of Virtual Reality (VR) environment for digital training of skills, we tried to investigate the capability of VR environment to train the LP procedures.with TLE.
Materials and Methods: Geometrical model of the lumbar area of L2 to L5 are extracted from fusion of MR and CT imaging modalities. Also physical model of resistance of each layers against needle insertion at lumbar area are investigated through specially designed sensorized handle for LP needle and recorded from a 41-yearold female patient. Then geometrical and physical models of lumbar area are fused together and the Virtual Reality (VR) model of it, with insertion force rendering capability is extracted. Then the model is integrated with a haptic device and the complete VR environment is investigated.
Results: In this work we introduced a robotic Lumbar Puncture Simulator (LP Sim) with force feedback which may be used for training the LP procedures .Using LP Sim, when the trainee insert the needle inside the lumbar area at the provided virtual reality environment, he/she may feel the insertion forces against his/her movement inside the lumbar area.
Conclusion: The LP Sim is a virtual reality-enabled environment, with force feedback, that provides an appropriate framework for training this skill.
PREVENTIVE COUNSELING: A RELIGIOUS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM AT BOARDING SCHOOL IN YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Bahiroh Siti , M. Suud Fitriah
Published: April 2020

Purpose of the study: This study aims to explore religious development programs in boarding schools in Yogyakarta and to find out how the implementation of religious development programs, especially preventive counseling programs.

Methodology: This study used a qualitative method with a case study approach. Data collection used observation, interviews, and documentation. The subject were religion teachers, counseling teachers, the vice-principal of student affairs, homeroom teachers, students, and parents of the student.

Main Findings: The results showed that there are two religious development programs at boarding schools in Yogyakarta. First, the development of faith and piety towards Allah by providing concepts in the form of a school lesson. Second, a program to teach religious morals values by internalizing religious values about morals. At the beginning of the study, these programs were designed by paying attention to many current teenage issues and anticipating their future.

Applications of this study: This study can be useful in the field of educational psychology, especially in the personality section. The results of this study can be used by counselors at a school to overcome adolescent problems.

Novelty/Originality of this study: This research showed that to make a student well behave in this digital age was not enough if only giving a theoretical study to them but also inviting them to do good things to their teacher. Furthermore, a stay program in the boarding school can be a consideration for parents to form a positive personality for their children.
Effect of different splitting techniques on the characteristics of divided tablets of five commonly split drug products in Jordan
Authors: Gharaibeh Shadi F. , Tahaineh Linda
Published: April 2020

Objective: To determine the accuracy, variability, and weight uniformity of tablet subdivision techniques utilized to divide the tablets of five drug products that are commonly prescribed for use as half tablets in Jordan. 

Methods: Ten random tablets of five commonly subdivided drug products were weighed and subdivided using three subdivision techniques: hand breaking, kitchen knife, and tablet cutter. The five commonly subdivided drug products (warfarin 5 mg, levothyroxine 50 μg, levothyroxine 100 μg, candesartan 16 mg, and carvedilol 25 mg) were weighed. The weights were analyzed for acceptance, accuracy, and variability. Weight variation acceptance criteria were adopted in this work as a tool to indicate the properness of the subdivision techniques used to produce acceptable half tablets. Other relevant physical characteristics of the five products such as tablet shape, dimensions, face curvature, score depth, and crushing strength were measured. 

Results: All tablets were round in shape, had weights that ranged between 100.63 mg (standard deviation=0.99) and 379.04 mg (standard deviation=3.00), and had crushing strengths that ranged between 23.29 N (standard deviation=3.58)and 103.35 N (standard deviation=14.98). Both candesartan and carvedilol were bi-convex in shape with an extent of face curvature equal to about 33%. In addition, percentage score depth of the tablets had a range between 0% and 24%. The accuracy and variability of subdivision varied according to the subdivision technique used and tablet characteristics. Accuracy range was between 81% and 109.8%. Moreover, the relative standard deviation was between 1.5% and 17.4%. Warfarin 5 mg subdivided tablets failed the weight variation test regardless of the subdivision technique used. Subdivision by hand produced half tablets that were acceptable for levothyroxine 50 μg and levothyroxine 100 μg. Subdivision by knife produced half tablets that were acceptable only for candesartan tablets. However, the tablet cutter produced half tablets that passed the weight variation test for four out of the five drug products tested in this study.

Conclusions: The tablet cutter performed better than the other subdivision techniques used. It produced half tablets that passed the weight uniformity test for four drug products out of the five.
INCIDÊNCIA E CARACTERIZAÇÃO DOS CASOS DE HEPATITE A NO ESTADO DE MINAS GERAIS
Authors: Ferreira Regiane Aparecida Furlan , Castro Sybelle De Souza
Published: April 2020

RESUMOObjetivo: Analisar a incidência por sexo e faixa etária e caracterizar os casos de Hepatite A do estado de Minas Gerais quanto à forma clínica e o estado vacinal.Métodos: Utilizou-se banco de dados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) fornecidos pela Secretaria do Estado da Saúde de Minas Gerais para o ano de 2013. Resultados: Houve predomínio do sexo feminino, maior prevalência na faixa etária de 5-9 anos, contaminação por água e alimentos contaminados, evolução para hepatite aguda, maioria dos casos não vacinados para Hepatite A e diagnóstico confirmado por exame laboratorial. A incidência foi maior no sexo feminino em quase todas as faixas etárias. Conclusão: Estratégias de saneamento básico, educação sanitária, cultural e do programa de vacinação são fundamentais para a prevenção da doença. Campanhas de vacinação para hepatite A seriam oportunas em faixas etárias específicas para os não vacinados.
A REPRESENTAÇÃO DA CONSULTA DE ENFERMAGEM PARA OS IDOSOS DO HIPERDIA
Authors: Pereira Camilo Eduardo Almeida , Silva Aryanne Magno Santos , Sousa Diego Carvalho de , Galvão Mayara Melo
Published: April 2020

Introdução: Objetiva-se descrever a representação da consulta de enfermagem para os idosos acompanhados pelo programa do Hiperdia de uma Unidade de saúde Amazônia, visando demonstrar a importância da consulta de enfermagem para a adesão do tratamento medicamentoso e não medicamentoso. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo de abordagem qualitativa. Resultado: Participaram do estudo 17 idosos, apresentando uma predominância do sexo feminino, faixa etária entre 65-70, casados, renda mensal maior que um salário mínimo, nível de escolaridade fundamental, tempo de acompanhamento 1-5 anos, 8 possuem hipertensão e diabetes mellitun, diante desse contexto emergiram três categorias temáticas, fazendo uma abordagem sobre o papel do enfermeiro, a representatividade da consulta de enfermagem e a contribuição do enfermeiro para a mudança do estilo de vida do idoso. Conclusão: A consulta de enfermagem mostrou-se fundamental, ainda necessita de aperfeiçoamentos, contudo, as ações executadas já demonstram resultados expressivos na mudança de estilo de vida dos idosos.Descritores: Enfermagem; Idosos ;Hipertensão; Diabetes Mellitun
Unraveling the Role of Cognition in the Internationalization Process
Authors: Bressan Flávio , Morini Cristiano , Inácio Júnior Edmundo , Garcia Fuentes Elisabet
Published: April 2020

Objective: The aim of this paper is to verify the effects of triggering stimuli on internationalization and whether, according to the target population, ambidexterity and mental models (MM) increase the predisposition to exports, as well as whether the country of origin causes differences in terms of cognition.Method: Data collection consisted of applying a questionnaire to a sample of 285 students from Business Administration programs in Brazil and Spain. ANOVA Welsh was used to verify the heterogeneity of variations, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk tests were used to assess normality, and nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to verify the results of the previous tests.Main outcomes: The results showed that the strategic MM facilitates internationalization. In the sample studied, it was possible to verify that Brazilians show an operational tendency, with decisions based on logic and an improvised lifestyle, which denotes lower possibility of engaging in internationalization. This differs from what was found in the Spanish sample, which showed tendency to a strategic approach, denoting greater possibility of engagement in an internationalization process. These results may also be used to improve internationalization stimulus programs, considering cognitive aspects.Relevance: There is a low number of references relating the subject of ambidexterity to the internationalization process. This study is relevant for proposing the creation of indexes to obtain data on the MM and ambidexterity regarding the identification of personal motivation factors influencing the entrepreneur’s insertion in international markets.Theoretical/methodological contributions: Proposition of a formula for standardizing and rescaling the instruments’ value, as the differences between scales may contribute to the inclusion of a hidden dimension of the internationalization process: the analysis of cognition.
Building Resilience in Gender and Sexual Minority Youth
Authors: Verrochi Diane
Published: April 2020

LGBTQ youth are at particularly high risk for various health disparities, many of which are often explained using Meyer's Minority Stress Model (2003). Seminars using peer support strategies are helpful in supporting this age group. This article describes a workshop offered at a conference for LGBTQ youth to empower them to build resilience to the many stresses they will experience as they grow into tomorrow's leaders.
Being an African American Male in Birth Work
Authors: Moore William
Published: April 2020

As an African American male working in public health, the author has few peers in the field who can related to his experiences from a gender and race standpoint, and even fewer in his work as a doula and lactation educator. His work and experiences as a trail blazer in this field have involved a lot of emotional labor, but have been a blessing and a joy as well as providing him with a unique lens into the world of birth work and how nuances at the intersection of gender and race affect his peers.
Aprendizaje situado en contexto de las medidas de dispersión, mediante el EOS
Authors: Aldana Eliecer , Gutierrez Francisco
Published: April 2020

El objetivo de la investigación fue fortalecer las prácticas matemáticas de estudiantes de educación básica secundaria en la aplicación de las medidas de dispersión. Se hicieron trabajos de campo en el aula y en un contexto socio económico como lo es el turístico (Aldana, Gutierrez, & Grisales, 2019). La investigación permite el estudio de problemas relativos al proceso de aplicación de las medidas de dispersión y toma como punto de referencia las dificultades de los estudiantes en el desarrollo de competencias matemáticas, tales como la interpretación de los valores numéricos de las medidas de dispersión y los argumentos originados a partir de sus resultados (Aldana, Gutierrez, & Grisales, 2019). Desarrolla una metodología descriptiva-cuantitativa, dividida en 3 fases: un recorrido bibliográfico para fortalecer lo epistémico del objeto matemático; la aplicación de secuencias didácticas para potenciar el concepto del objeto matemático, las cuales son contextualizadas en situaciones vividas en el aula y en el entorno socio-económico; y por último, la construcción de una trayectoria didáctica a partir de las guías de reconocimiento de símbolo y significados que los estudiantes desarrollaron a partir de los resultados, interpretaciones y conjeturas obtenidas de las aplicaciones de las secuencias didácticas y las prácticas matemáticas originadas en la investigación.
Configuraciones de objetos y procesos matemáticos de cálculo integral
Authors: Suárez Gómez Leidy Johana
Published: April 2020

En este artículo se presenta uno de los resultados obtenidos en una investigación, en la cual se analizó las clases de matemáticas desde el Enfoque Ontosemiótico, de un docente de matemáticas. Esta investigación tiene un enfoque cualitativo con un método etnográfico adoptando la técnica estudio de caso. Se realizó el análisis didáctico de una clase de Cálculo Integral la cual se dividió en 4 secuencias didácticas, a partir de las cuales se identificaron los objetos y procesos matemáticos en cada una, y se determinó que tipo de conflictos semióticos se generan. En los resultados se destaca que los procesos por parte del profesor son de institucionalización, representación, materialización, idealización y reificación; en algunas ocasiones se presentan procesos de significación y de generalización; por parte de los estudiantes, los procesos más comunes son los de representación, materialización e idealización, muy pocas veces se presentan procesos de personalización y reificación, ya que la forma en que el docente da una clase no permite identificar en todos los estudiantes cuándo se apropian de los significados.
Experimentalismo e inovação institucional nas contratações públicas de tecnologia: O Edital de Projetos do Mobilab
Authors: Pires Felipe Luciano
Published: April 2020

Passados 25 anos da promulgação da Lei nº 8.666/1993, as contratações públicas, principalmente as que tem por objeto insumos tecnológicos, apresentam um conjunto amplo de obstáculos para sua operacionalização. Dentre eles, é possível citar a baixa discricionariedade conferida a gestores públicos, o distanciamento da doutrina de direito administrativo em relação ao cotidiano da implementação de políticas públicas e a maneira de operacionalizar as ferramentas jurídicas nos processos de desenho dos editais de licitação. Assim, o presente artigo analisa arranjos institucionais que visam a superação dos problemas recorrentes nas contratações públicas de tecnologia. Para isso, a partir de análise documental e entrevistas com atores participantes, apresenta-se um estudo de caso explicativo sobre o Edital de Projetos do Mobilab (Laboratório de Inovação e Mobilidade), licitação feita pela Secretaria Municipal de Transportes de São Paulo. Como resultado, conclui-se que há, nesse caso, experimentalismo e inovação na construção de arranjos para as contratações públicas de tecnologia, tendo em vista que é resultado de um processo de aprendizado institucional que fora iniciado em licitação anterior feita pela Prefeitura de São Paulo, que resultou no programa do WiFi Livre SP. Além disso, demonstra-se que a licitação estudada pode ser um exemplo para os demais setores da Administração Pública, apesar de ainda existirem desafios práticos e uma agenda de pesquisa a ser explorada em relação ao tema das contratações públicas de tecnologia.