bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reducing Risk for Emotional and Behavioral Disorders in Late Elementary School: A Comparison of Two Targeted Interventions
Authors: McDaniel Sara C. , Lochman John E. , Tomek Sara , Powell Nicole , Irwin April , Kerr Shani
Published: March 2018

Students with elevated levels of risk require targeted Tier 2 behavioral interventions that are efficient and effective to prevent the need for more intensive, special education supports. Although Tier 2 is a critical component of multi-tiered systems of support, a paucity of research exists regarding how best to provide evidence-based Tier 2 interventions, particularly for students with comorbid deficit areas. The current trial involved 33 third- through fifth-grade participants who were assigned to one of three study groups: (a) control, (b) check-in/check-out, or (c) Coping Power. The Behavior Assessment of Children in Schools–2 (BASC-2) was used to measure changes in externalizing behavior, along with its three component subscales. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was used to examine change in broad emotional and behavioral risk profiles. Teachers rated participants on the SDQ and BASC-2 at preintervention, postintervention, and follow-up. Results indicate that both check-in/check-out and Coping Power yielded decreases in externalizing behavior, with Coping Power also resulting in significant decreases in overall emotional and behavioral risk. A discussion of these results along with implications for future research and study limitations are presented.
Predicting Psycho-educational Problems in Childhood
Authors: Adelman Howard S.
Published: March 2018

Presented are (1) a brief synthesis of several key conceptual and methodological concerns and some ethical perspectives related to identification of psycho-educational problems and (2) conclusions regarding the current state of the art. The conceptual discussion focuses on differentiating prediction from identification and screening from diagnosis; three models used in developing assessment procedures also are presented. Methodologically, the minimal requirements for satisfactory research are described and current problems are highlighted. Three ethical perspectives are discussed; cost-benefit for the individual, models-motives-goals underlying practices, and cost-benefit for the culture. The current state of the art is seen as not supporting the efficacy of the widespread use of currently available procedures for mass screening. Given this point and the methodological and ethical concerns discussed, it is suggested that policy makers reallocate limited resources away from mass identification and toward health maintenance and other approaches to prevention and early-age intervention.
Two Resource Room Models for Serving Learning and Behavior Disordered Pupils
Authors: Wixson S. E.
Published: March 2018

This study describes and compares the variety and magnitude of the assessment, programming, and instructional services provided by single component and two component resource room delivery models. A rationale for a non-statistical approach to the assessment of program efficacy is presented and utilized. The results obtained indicate that the two component (direct and indirect service) resource room model sucessfully serves a greater number of pupils than the direct services only model. However, the two component model achieved fewer successful program completions in the direct services component than did the single component model. Overall, the results indicate that the resource program models utilized in this study are effective and efficient means for the delivery of services to pupils characterized as learning and/or behaviorally disordered. The results also suggest that many learning and/or behaviorally disordered pupils now served in self-contained special class settings could be effectively served in the less restrictive environment of a resource program.
Public School and University Teacher Training Programs for Behaviorally Disordered Children: Are They Compatible?
Authors: Kavale Kenneth , Hirshoren Alfred
Published: March 2018

The findings from a survey of public school programs for behaviorally disordered children are presented suggesting that a majority considered their theoretical focus to be behavioral. If a majority of university teacher-training programs in behavior disorder also consider their primary theoretical focus to be behavioral as previous research suggested, then the two would appear to complement each other. Another portion of the survey, however, indicated that the pragmatic approaches to treatment found in public school behavior disorders programs cover techniques reflecting a wide variety of theoretical models. Consequently, there exists a mismatch which prevents maximum effectiveness in both teacher training and service delivery for behaviorally disordered children. It was concluded that university teacher training programs should reflect a more eclectic stance by carefully synthesizing assorted theoretical components into a composite which meets the diverse pragmatic demands of public school programs for behaviorally disordered children.1
A Survey of Knowledge about Autism among Experts and Caregivers
Authors: Gilliam James E. , Coleman Maggie
Published: March 2018

Research on autism has historically been plagued by use of inconsistent criteria in defining autistic populations and has consequently often yielded conflicting or ambiguous results. However, a number of developments over the past fifteen years, including the establishment of a consensual definition, has fostered a more comprehensive and conclusive body of literature. The purpose of this study was to compare information accrued from the most recent research to the knowledge and beliefs of a sample of caregivers. Results of the survey indicate that three areas emerge for further in-service training of caregivers: (a) incidence and sex ratio, (b) etiology, and (c) attitudes toward public education of autistic children. Implications for in-service training are discussed.
Rural Area Emotional Disturbance Service Delivery: Problems and Future Directions
Authors: Beare Paul L. , Lynch Evelyn C.
Published: March 2018

This study investigated the status of Emotional Disturbance (ED) service delivery in rural and urban areas of three midwestern states. Information was gathered from directors of special education. Urban and rural areas were compared on level and types of services, and training and license of the involved teachers. Additional data were collected concerning the directors' perception of service delivery problems and solutions. Generally, rural areas were found to have more severe problems than urban areas in service delivery. Suggestions were offered to help alleviate delivery problems.
Teaching Test-Taking Skills to Behaviorally Disordered Students
Authors: Scruggs Thomas E. , Marsing Lois
Published: March 2018

Researchers recently have suggested that behaviorally disordered students exhibit deficits in test-taking skills, the ability to use test cues to maximize test scores. These deficits may account partially for the low achievement scores commonly associated with this population. The present investigation was intended to determine whether behaviorally disordered students could be trained to improve test-taking skills relevant to content area tests. First, 34 behaviorally disordered adolescents were administered Slakter, Koehler, and Hampton's (1969) test of test-taking skills, matched for grade and pretest score, and assigned at random to experimental and control groups. Experimental group students were provided with training in specific test-taking skills relevant to content area, teacher-made tests, over a 5-day period while control students received their regularly scheduled instruction. After the training period, a posttest was administered. A two-way (group by test) analysis of variance indicated that experimental condition students scored significantly and substantially (nearly 50%) higher than untrained control students. Implications for research and training are discussed.
Use of a Personalized System of Instruction with and without a Same-Day Retake Contingency on Spelling Performance of Behaviorally Disordered Children
Authors: Mclaughlin T. F.
Published: March 2018

The effects of a personalized system of instruction (PSI) with and without a same-day retake contingency on the spelling performance of 10 behaviorally disordered students were evaluated. The results indicate more spelling lessons were passed with 100% accuracy when the PSI program was in effect. A further increase in the number of lessons passed occurred when retakes were allowed each day. Individual data for three selected students indicate that their performance increased with PSI and PSI with retakes. From items on a questionnaire administered to students, it was found that the students felt their spelling test performance was higher during the PSI program. The students preferred the PSI spelling program to that of the traditional pre- and posttest spelling procedure (Baseline 1 and 2). The class also preferred the retake component over the non-retake component in the PSI spelling program. Recommendations for classroom use of personalized systems of instruction (PSI) are made.
Functional Assessment and Intervention in a Regular Classroom Setting for the Disruptive Behavior of a Student with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Umbreit John
Published: March 2018

Corey, an 8-year-old boy with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), attended regular third-grade classes at his local elementary school. During various academic instruction, Corey frequently displayed disruptive behaviors that rarely occurred during the rest of the school day. Assessment and intervention involved a three-phase study. The first phase, a brief functional (analog) analysis, identified that Corey's disruptive behaviors were maintained by escape from task demands. The second phase, a curriculum-based assessment, identified that Corey's disruptive behavior occurred most frequently during specific seating and grouping arrangements. The third phase examined the effectiveness of an intervention derived from the assessments. Results showed an immediate reduction in disruptive behavior and an increase in appropriate behavior that lasted throughout the data collection period. The intervention received very high treatment acceptability ratings from the teaching staff.
Prevention of Behavioral and Conduct Disorders: Trends and Research Issues
Authors: Kamps Debra M. , Tankersley Melody
Published: March 2018

This paper discusses prevention of behavioral disorders through early intervention efforts. Recurrent themes in the area of prevention include (a) early intervention and family-focused prevention services, including assistance in parenting skills and accessing community-based services; (b) school-based prevention programs, including effective teaching practices, peer mediation, social skills intervention, self-management, and classroom management; and (c) within- and across-setting collaboration. Key areas for prevention research include universal prevention programs for at-risk groups, continued investigations of teacher and parent support systems, evaluation of prevention programs, and commitments for funding.
Populist Euroscepticism in Iberian party systems
Authors: Gómez-Reino Cachafeiro Margarita , Plaza-Colodro Carolina
Published: March 2018

As the introduction to this special issue highlights, the Great Recession, along with the more recent phenomenon such as the refugees’ crisis and the Brexit referendum, has contributed to the success and strengthening of populist Eurosceptic parties across European party systems. The loss of legitimacy of governments and European institutions has opened a window of opportunity for parties expressing anti-establishment positions and populist orientations and criticizing the political-economic arrangements prevailing in Europe. Our study focuses on the rise of a specific left-wing populist Euroscepticism linked with the impact of the Great Recession and austerity measures in Portugal and Spain and the party system transformations. Thus, economic issues, bailouts, and, above all, anti-austerity measures were the main driving forces behind the transformations of Iberian party systems. The increase in populist reactions in both countries after the economic crisis and the implementation of austerity had to do with the transformation of the radical left emphasizing distributive issues in Eurosceptic populist directions. Finally, the analysis shows the distinctiveness of the populist Euroscepticism of the new challenger, Podemos, which illustrates the opportunities afforded with the economic crisis for the rise of new challenger parties exhibiting the contemporary link between populism and Euroscepticism in the radical left.
Does Michelangelo care about age? An adult life-span perspective on the Michelangelo phenomenon
Authors: Bühler Janina Larissa , Weidmann Rebekka , Kumashiro Madoka , Grob Alexander
Published: March 2018

Humans are motivated to expand their actual self toward an ideal self. Known as the Michelangelo phenomenon, movement toward the ideal self can be facilitated through an affirming romantic partner and is linked to positive life outcomes. Yet, research on the Michelangelo phenomenon has primarily focused on young adult samples, and it remains unknown whether the framework generalizes across the adult life span. The authors addressed this shortcoming by examining the Michelangelo phenomenon in a three-generation sample of 505 adults aged 18–90 years ( M = 47.2 years). Multilevel analyses revealed one age effect on the framework, showing that being seen by the partner in a manner congruent with one’s ideal self (i.e., partner perceptual affirmation) becomes more important for relationship satisfaction with increasing age. Otherwise, age did not affect the Michelangelo phenomenon, suggesting life-span generalizability of the framework. By highlighting personal growth processes that continue across the life span, the present findings add to theories of successful aging.
Clinical characteristics of infectious ulceration over tophi in patients with gout
Authors: Xu Jianjun , Zhu Zaihua , Zhang Wei
Published: March 2018

Objective

The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics of infectious ulceration over tophi in patients with gout.

Methods

Participants were recruited from the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University. The clinical characteristics of the patients and wound characteristics were recorded.

Results

Of the 38 enrolled patients, 18 were found to have infectious ulceration over tophi. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common pathogen and was identified in nine patients. Patients with infection were significantly older (69.6 vs. 60.1 years) and had a worse quality of life than those without infection. Patients with infection also had a significantly longer ulcer duration (125.6 vs. 54.2 days), larger ulcer size (2.47 vs. 1.99 cm2), a higher rate of tissue necrosis in the ulcer bed (55.6% vs. 20.0%), a lower rate of callus at the edge (27.8% vs. 70.0%), and a higher moisture level than did patients without infection. Additionally, patients with infection had significantly delayed wound healing (35.3 vs. 20.3 days) compared with patients without infection.

Conclusions

Older patients with a long ulcer duration and larger ulcer size are more susceptible to infection. Infection can lower patients’ quality of life and delay wound healing.
MUTYH and ORAI1 polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to osteoarthritis in the Chinese Han population
Authors: Zhang Shifeng , Guo Haohui , Chen Da , Chen Xi , Jin Qunhua
Published: March 2018

Background

This study analyzed the associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the mutY homolog gene ( MUTYH) and the calcium release-activated calcium channel gene ( ORAI1) with susceptibility to osteoarthritis in the Chinese Han population.

Methods

A total of 350 patients diagnosed with osteoarthritis from October 2013 to May 2016 were selected as the study group, together with 350 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. MUTYH SNP rs3219463 and ORAI1 SNPs rs712853, rs12313273, rs6486795, rs12320939, and rs7135617 were analyzed by Sanger sequencing. Serum MUTYH levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The relationship between SNPs in MUTYH and ORAI1 and osteoarthritis susceptibility was analyzed and compared with the level of serum MUTYH in the osteoarthritis and control groups.

Results

MUTYH rs3219463 G allele carriers (GG or GA genotypes) and ORAI1 rs7135617 T allele carriers had a higher risk of osteoarthritis than patients with other genotypes. The level of serum MUTYH in the study group was significantly higher than in the control group (22.05 ± 19.14 ng/mL vs. 14.15 ± 13.54 ng/mL).

Conclusions

MUTYH and ORAI1 SNPs are associated with osteoarthritis susceptibility in the Chinese Han population.
Door-to-door recyclables collection programmes: Willingness to participate and influential factors with a case study in the city of Xanthi (Greece)
Authors: Tsalis Thomas , Amarantidou Sonia , Calabró Paolo , Nikolaou Ioannis , Komilis Dimitrios
Published: March 2018

The implementation of a recyclable waste management system is a serious challenge for a society that aims to contribute to sustainability. The first operational step of such system is waste collection. In a number of European countries, the solid waste collection system has changed from the conventional kerbside system to a door-to-door collection. However, this type of waste collection system has not yet been introduced in Greece and its public acceptance prior to potential full implementation needs to be considered. This study aims to investigate the willingness of the residents of a Greek city (Xanthi, Thrace) to change from the existing kerbside collection system and initiate and participate in a door-to-door recyclable waste collection system instead. A questionnaire was designed and distributed randomly to 150 residents of Xanthi and a statistical analysis was then performed to assess the influence of a number of explanatory variables on recycling behaviour and the willingness to participate in a door-to-door collection system. The findings of this study indicate that most of the respondents (72.7%) were willing to participate in a future door-to-door recyclables collection programme in Xanthi. The factors that influenced the respondents’ attitude with regard to such a programme were associated with level of education, their beliefs about the effectiveness of the current recycling system and also their attitudes towards recycling issues in general. Age and religion significantly affected recycling frequency. The survey and statistics presented in this article can be used as a model to assess the behaviour of citizens towards recyclable waste management systems worldwide.
Upgrading pyrolytic residue from waste tires to commercial carbon black
Authors: Zhang Xue , Li Hengxiang , Cao Qing , Jin Li’e , Wang Fumeng
Published: March 2018

The managing and recycling of waste tires has become a worldwide environmental challenge. Among the different disposal methods for waste tires, pyrolysis is regarded as a promising route. How to effectively enhance the added value of pyrolytic residue (PR) from waste tires is a matter of great concern. In this study, the PRs were treated with hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acids in turn under ultrasonic waves. The removal efficiency for the ash and sulfur was investigated. The pyrolytic carbon black (PCB) obtained after treating PR with acids was analyzed by X-ray fluorescence spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, X-ray diffractometry, laser Raman spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, and physisorption apparatus. The properties of PCB were compared with those of commercial carbon black (CCB) N326 and N339. Results showed PRs from waste tires were mainly composed of carbon, sulfur, and ash. The carbon in PCB was mainly from the CCB added during tire manufacture rather than from the pyrolysis of pure rubbers. The removal percentages for the ash and sulfur of PR are 98.33% (from 13.98 wt % down to 0.24 wt %) and 70.16% (from 1.81 wt % down to 0.54 wt %), respectively, in the entire process. The ash was mainly composed of metal oxides, sulfides, and silica. The surface properties, porosity, and morphology of the PCB were all close to those of N326. Therefore, PCB will be a potential alternative of N326 and reused in tire manufacture. This route successfully upgrades PR from waste tires to the high value-added CCB and greatly increases the overall efficiency of the waste tire pyrolysis industry.
Imaging of the Tibionavicular Ligament, and Its Potential Role in Adult Acquired Flatfoot Deformity
Authors: Ormsby Neal , Jackson Gillian , Evans Paul , Platt Simon
Published: March 2018

Background:

The spring ligament is an important medial arch stabilizer. However, when disrupted, it does not cause planovalgus deformity until the foot is cyclically loaded. We propose that the tibionavicular (TN) ligament plays an important role. However, this ligament is not imaged in routine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences.

Methods:

A prospective case-control study using a novel MRI sequence to image the TN ligament in 20 normal feet creating a baseline appearance of the ligament. We then scanned 20 patients with adult acquired flatfoot deformity (AAFD). All patients had weightbearing anteroposterior and lateral radiographs. We followed up patients, the end point being surgery or 18 months’ follow-up.

Results:

The normal ligament was reliably identified on the novel sequences. It had a reproducible appearance in 2 views, and consistent length and width. Two groups of patients were identified in the AAFD cohort: Normal TN (11/20) (The mean Meary angle was 6.8 degrees) and Abnormal TN (9/20). The ligament was thickened proximally, with distal attenuation and intrasubstance edema. On sagittal sequence, it had dorsal bulging and high signal. The mean Meary angle was 13.2 degrees ( P = .013). All patients had posterior tibial tendon dysfunction and 8 had spring ligament complex attenuation. Five patients have undergone corrective surgery compared to none in the other group.

Conclusion:

This study adds to the evidence that AAFD is multifactorial. With this imaging technique, we were able to reliably image the TN ligament. We hope that including this sequence into routine scanning will help us understand its role in flatfoot deformity. This poses the question of whether this structure will play a role in reconstructive surgery in future.

Level of Evidence:

Level II, prospective comparative study.
Seeing Beyond the Margins: Challenges to Informed Inclusion of Vulnerable Populations in Research
Authors: Gehlert Sarah , Mozersky Jessica
Published: March 2018

Although the importance of including vulnerable populations in medical research is widely accepted, identifying how to achieve such inclusion remains a challenge. Ensuring that the language of informed consent is comprehensible to this group is no less of a challenge. Although a variety of interventions show promise for increasing the comprehensibility of informed consent and increasing a climate of exchange, consensus is lacking on which interventions should be used in which situations and current regulations provide little guidance. We argue that the notion of individual autonomy — a foundational principle of informed consent — may be too narrow for some vulnerable populations by virtue of its failure to acknowledge their unique histories and current circumstances. It has a different meaning for members of structured groups like American Indians than for unstructured groups, such as African Americans, whose complicated histories foster group identity. Ensuring broad participation in research and selecting appropriate methods for obtaining informed consent — namely, methods aligned with the source of vulnerability and level of risk — require new ways of thinking that might produce guidelines for matching informed consent models and processes with subpopulations.
Personal Experiences with Tribal IRBs, Hidden Hegemony of Researchers, and the Need for an Inter-cultural Approach: Views from an American Indian Researcher
Authors: Henderson J. Neil
Published: March 2018

In approximately the last 20 years, the self-protection capacity of many American Indian tribes has significantly increased to include the review of research requests by a tribally based IRB. While these tribal IRBs are trained using a curriculum derived from the Belmont Report, there is need to recognize the cultural specificity of the Belmont Report and its potential for conflict or inappropriateness when applied to populations with deep differences in cultural constructs compared to the majority population. However, recognition of the sometimes paradigmatically different culture of American Indian tribes compared to the U.S. culture at large seldom occurs. Moreover, significant and subtle factors of researchers' professional, organizational, and personal cultures that relate to the research enterprise are essentially never addressed by themselves or the tribal IRB. Nonetheless, tribal IRBs continue and serve as a procedural guide for investigators intending to conduct respectful research with American Indian populations.
Reducing Regulatory Burdens on Research with Human Subjects: A Case Study of the Transition to the Final Common Rule at Boston Medical Center and Boston University Medical Campus
Authors: Ennever Fanny K.
Published: March 2018

Boston Medical Center/Boston University Medical Campus recently reduced certain requirements for human subjects research where this could be done without adversely affecting the rights and welfare of participants, in anticipation of changes in the Final Common Rule. Modifications affected exempt and expedited categories, approval periods, ceding review, Quality Improvement/Quality Assessment activities, and some requirements for pregnant women, prisoners, and children. This case study may assist other institutions in responding to the Final Common Rule.
Child–Mother Agreement on Experiences of School Bullying Involvement in Children With ADHD
Authors: Hu Huei-Fan , Yen Chia-Nan , Wu Yu-Yu , Hsiao Ray C. , Yen Cheng-Fang , Cheng Chung-Ping
Published: March 2018

Objective: To examine the levels of agreement between the reports of 452 children and their mothers on children’s experiences of bullying involvement at school and investigate the factors influencing the levels of agreement in children with ADHD. Method: The levels of agreement between children’s and mothers’ reports were examined. The influence of age, sex, ADHD symptoms, and psychiatric comorbidities on the levels of agreement was also examined. Results: The results indicated low agreement on the experiences of bullying involvement in child–mother ADHD dyads. Age and hyperactivity-impulsivity, oppositional, depressive, and anxiety symptoms significantly influenced the levels of agreement on the victimization of physical bullying. Age significantly influenced the levels of agreement on the perpetration of physical bullying. Conclusion: Multiple sources of information are required when clinicians assess the experiences of bullying involvement at school in children with ADHD. The factors influencing the levels of agreement should be considered.
User-generated reality enforcement: Framing violence against black trans feminine people on a video sharing site
Authors: Vähäpassi Valo
Published: March 2018

While some scholars have addressed the common cultural tropes about trans people, the way media might sometimes legitimate violence against trans people, and even take part in forms of violence, has not been analysed. This is what this article sets out to do, through an examination of how a verbal and physical attack against black trans women, videotaped and uploaded on a platform for user-generated entertainment, was framed in a way which repeated the symbolic violence (reality enforcement) already at play in the physical (face-to-face) encounter. The article addresses the way this depiction of real violence, framed as entertainment, and coupled with identity invalidation both legitimizes physical violence and delegitimizes black trans feminine people as victims of violence.
Acceptable femininity? Gay male misogyny and the policing of queer femininities
Authors: Hale Sadie E , Ojeda Tomás
Published: March 2018

While it represents a common form of gender-based violence, misogyny is an often-overlooked concept within academia and the queer community. Drawing on queer and feminist scholarship on gay male misogyny, this article presents a theoretical challenge to the myth that the oppressed cannot oppress, arguing that specific forms of gay male subjectivities can be proponents of misogyny in ways that are unrecognised because of their sexually marginalised status. The authors’ interest in the doing of misogyny, and its effects on specific bodies and subjectivities, leads them to discuss the extent to which white gay male misogyny can function to reinforce a particular gender and racial hierarchy that continually confines queer femininities to the status of the abject other, for failing to exhibit their feminine credentials and for making gender trouble. The study also addresses how specific markers of femininity are depoliticised through the workings of this misogyny, exploring what femininity does when it is conceptualised outside a heteronormative framework. To address these ideas, the authors firstly propose a theoretical account of misogyny in order to understand its analytical status as a cultural mechanism within the psychic economy of patriarchy. Secondly, they use queer approaches to effeminacy and subject formation for making the case for gay male misogyny and its connections to femininity within white gay cultures, asking how misogyny might become an essential component of the performance of hegemonic masculinity. The article concludes with a discussion of the ways in which gay male misogyny reinforces white male dominance over women and queer femininities specifically, advocating for resistance to the reproduction of such patriarchal arrangements.
Web advertisement effectiveness evaluation: Attention and memory
Authors: Kong Shaojun , Huang Zhenfang , Scott Noel , Zhang Zi’ang , Shen Zhixiang
Published: March 2018

Tourist marketers rely heavily on using visual stimuli in their advertising to attract attention and improve awareness and interest of their experience. This study used eye-tracking and self-reported recall methods to investigate online tourism advertisement effectiveness based on the hierarchy of effects model. A within-subjects experimental design ( n = 30) was used to examine mock advertisements (stimuli) containing various combinations of image, text and product price. Results show that the advertisement containing both image and price was least effective, while the stimuli with text and price were most effective in capturing the respondent’s attention. Advertising consisting of image, text and price generated the best recall. There were significant differences in results based on gender, task and experience.
Comparison of two unit cell models and simulation results of high-pass woven fabrics
Authors: Guan Fuwang , Su Qincheng , Yang Chenchen , Zhang Chuyang , Qiu Yiping
Published: March 2018

Based on the research work of traditional electromagnetic shielding fabrics and frequency selective surfaces, the novel high-pass woven fabrics were proposed. Two different unit cell models were built and compared, and a series of design samples were further simulated based on the models. Through contrastive analysis and discussion of the simulated results, the validity of model 1 was verified and the influence rules of various parameters were explored. Compared with model 1, model 2 was more precise containing the textile information, like yarn crimp, fabric porosity and thickness, but model 1 could substitute model 2 to predict the transmission characteristics to some extent. The ratio of conductive and dielectric yarns affected the high-pass characteristics greatly, and different from two-dimensional high-pass woven fabrics, one-dimensional high-pass woven fabrics showed distinct polarization selective characteristics. Yarn electromagnetic parameters and fabric parameters could also exert an effect on the S21 curves in different degrees, which could help designers choose materials and determine the fabric parameters effectively. The modelling and simulation work could provide guidance to the development of actual high-pass woven fabrics.
Personalized service recommendations for travel using trajectory pattern discovery
Authors: Duan Zongtao , Tang Lei , Gong Xuehui , Zhu Yishui
Published: March 2018

Service recommendations help travelers locate en route traffic information service of interest in a timely manner. However, recommendations based on simple traffic information, such as the number of requests for the location of a facility, fail to consider an individual’s preferences. Most existing work on improving service recommendations has continued to utilize the same ratings and rankings of services without consideration of diverse users’ demands. The challenge remains to push forward the modeling of spatiotemporal trajectories to improve service recommendations. In this research, we proposed a new method to address the above challenge. We developed a personalized service-trajectory correlation that could recommend the most appropriate services to users. In addition, we proposed the use of “congeniality” probability to measure the service demand similarity of two travelers based on their service-visiting behaviors and preferences. We employed a clustering-based scheme, taking into account the spatiotemporal dimensions to refine the trajectories at each spot where travelers stayed at a certain point in time. Experiments were conducted employing a real global positioning system–based dataset. The test results demonstrated that our proposed approach could reduce the deviation of the trajectory measurement to 10% and enhance the success rates of the service recommendations to 60%.
An optimized approach for automatic material distribution operations of bulldozers
Authors: Hirayama Masami , Whitty Mark , Katupitiya Jayantha , Guivant Jose
Published: March 2018

Komatsu Ltd. is reinforcing the research and development of automation technology for our bulldozers. Based on this trend, a methodology for optimized distribution of materials is proposed and developed for dumping area operations using bulldozers in this article. The aim of this work is to develop a robust methodology to contribute to the development of an autonomous system as possible so that it can be applied to our commercial machines immediately. The identified problem is that no formulation has yet been produced which can be applied to achieve such objectives. To develop the methodology, firstly, problem formulation of a specific scenario at the dumping area is presented. Secondly, integer linear programming is applied to solve the distribution problem. A hybrid method combining heuristics techniques and local branching is utilized to make this methodology capable of providing fast and reasonable solutions. Lastly, simulation results with specific different distribution requirements are presented to show that the developed methodology can derive optimized solutions for different requirements with a stable computational performance.
Patient controlled analgesia: The impact of an 8 versus 10 minute lockout interval in postoperative patients
Authors: Alawy Hana , Paxton Renee A. , Giuliano Christopher A.
Published: March 2018

The purpose of this study was to compare the level of pain control achieved with 8 versus 10 minute lockout intervals in adult patients who received patient controlled analgesia (PCA) within 24 hours of surgery. There was no difference in pain in the first 72 hours between the 8 minute and 10 minutes group. Additionally, there was no difference in time to first PCA regimen change or a composite outcome of adverse events.
Ethical considerations with regard to adolescent consent in the perioperative setting: Talking points for anaesthetic practitioners
Authors: Morgan Daniel
Published: March 2018

The legal and ethical issues surrounding the care of children and young people in the perioperative setting are often vague and an anaesthetic practitioner could find themselves inadequately prepared for any issues that may arise. This paper details the case of an adolescent who withdrew her consent to surgery whilst in the anaesthetic room. It raises questions about Gillick Competency and whether the use of restraint is ever justified.
Otitis externa
Authors: Dickson Emma
Published: March 2018

Otitis externa is inflammation of the external auditory meatus. It is a common, acute and chronic presentation to general practice, with around 10% of the population suffering at least one episode. Pain and itching are common symptoms and affect quality of life. Identifying the cause of otitis externa can be a challenge. This article considers different presentations of otitis externa, their diagnosis and management in primary care.
The Form and Function of STEM Research Mentoring: A Mixed-Methods Analysis Focusing on Ethnically Diverse Undergraduates and Their Mentors
Authors: Robnett Rachael D. , Nelson Paul A. , Zurbriggen Eileen L. , Crosby Faye J. , Chemers Martin M.
Published: March 2018

This mixed-methods study examines mentoring relationships in an ethnically diverse sample of undergraduates in majors related to science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM). Guided by an intersectionality framework, we examined whether features of research mentoring differ at the intersection of ethnicity and gender. Survey data from undergraduates ( N = 486; 76% members of underrepresented ethnic groups; 66% women) revealed ethnic and gender variation in the amount of mentoring that participants reported receiving. Findings also showed that higher levels of instrumental mentoring at the study’s outset predicted higher STEM self-efficacy 1 year later. This finding was not moderated by ethnicity or gender, suggesting that instrumental mentoring bolsters self-efficacy among students from diverse backgrounds. To supplement the quantitative findings, we collected open-ended data from a subset of participants’ mentors ( N = 97). Thematic analysis of these data provides insight into the range of strategies that mentors used to bolster students’ STEM self-efficacy.
Lens Capsule Violation During Anterior Chamber Paracentesis in Pneumatic Retinopexy
Authors: Yannuzzi Nicolas A. , Relhan Nidhi , Schimel Andrew , Flynn Harry W.
Published: March 2018

This is a report of a 45-year-old woman treated with pneumatic retinopexy for a macula-sparing retinal detachment. During the procedure, an anterior chamber paracentesis was performed, and the anterior lens capsule was punctured leaving a focal, peripheral cataract. The patient was observed for 2 years without progression of cataract or signs of ocular inflammation.
Evaluation of Point-of-Care Resources for Dietary Supplement Information
Authors: Montgomery Ashley E. , Beckett Robert D. , Montagano Kaitlin J. , Kutom Samah
Published: March 2018

Objective.

To evaluate 6 tertiary, point-of-care drug information resources’ dietary supplement content.

Methods.

This was a cross-sectional evaluation of Lexicomp Natural Products Database, Micromedex Alternative Medicine, Clinical Pharmacology, Natural Medicines, The Review of Natural Products, and Handbook of Nonprescription Drugs. Each resource was evaluated for scope, completeness, consistency, and ease of use.

Results.

For a sample of 66 supplements, scope scores ranged from 69.7% (Micromedex) to 100% (Natural Medicines). Completeness scores were high considering uses, dose, adverse effects, and mechanism (85.7% to 100%). Overall completeness scores ranged from 82.5% ( Handbook of Nonprescription Drugs) to 100% (Clinical Pharmacology, Natural Medicines, The Review of Natural Products). Consistency scores ranged from 0% ( Handbook of Nonprescription Drugs) to 100% (Natural Medicines, The Review of Natural Products). Mean time to locate and gather information was similar among groups.

Conclusions.

Resources were similar for completeness and ease of use. Scope and consistency varied depending on the resource.
Hard-Boiled Literary History: Labor and Style in Fictions of the Culture Industry
Authors: Norman Will
Published: March 2018

In this article I argue for a new understanding of the term hard-boiled by tracing the relationship between literary style and historical shifts in intellectual labor in the mid-twentieth-century United States. Novels representing the culture industry, such as Raymond Chandler’s The Little Sister (1949), Budd Schulberg’s What Makes Sammy Run? (1941), and Frederic Wakeman’s The Hucksters (1946), describe the intellectual labor of producing the commodities on which the industry subsisted, while at the same time struggling to identify and preserve regions of culture as yet unsullied by the market. This tension is crystallized in their distinctive hard-boiled style, understood here as a certain disposition toward the historical process of cultural commodification. Loosened from its genre frame and its associations with the mystery novel, hard-boiled emerges as a richer and more capacious critical term, one that can help us to understand our own work as literary historians.
“Rightly Enough Called Girls”: Melville’s Violated Virgins and Male Marketplace Fears
Authors: Wadle Meghan M.
Published: March 2018

This essay contextualizes Herman Melville’s “The Paradise of Bachelors and the Tartarus of Maids” alongside antebellum portrayals of the female wage earner. Melville’s decision to measure the costs of economic change by sexualizing female wage earners typifies antebellum conversations in which men interpreted women’s labor in relation to an increasingly outdated framework for their activities, here termed the patriarchal shelter. This trope presumes that women’s activities ought to take place under conditions found in the preindustrial household and helps to explain why male authors interpreted factory operatives as women of suspect virtue. I argue that male authors who sexualized female wage earners alleviated their own anxieties about their compromised independence in the industrial marketplace. Male authors fixated on factory women’s sexual identity in an attempt to control their activities rhetorically, but in the process they symptomatized the many ways women’s labor no longer clearly evidenced male dominion.
Introduction
Authors: Praet Istvan , Salazar Juan Francisco
Published: March 2018

A growing number of researchers in the social sciences and the environmental humanities have begun to focus on the wider universe and how it is apprehended by modern cosmology. Today the extraterrestrial has become part of the remit of anthropologists, philosophers, historians, geographers, scholars in science and technology studies, and artistic researchers, among others. And there is an emerging consensus that astronomers and other natural scientists—contrary to a common prejudice—are never simply depicting or describing the cosmos “just as it is.” Their research is always characterized by a specific aesthetic style and by a particular “cosmic imagination,” as some have called it. Scientific knowledge of the universe is based on skilled judgments rather than on direct, unmediated perception. It is science, but it is also an art. This special section focuses on two at first sight contradictory aspects of this cosmic imagination. On the one hand, there is a distinctive move toward viewing the extraterrestrial in familiar terms and comprehending it by means of conceptual frameworks that we, earthlings, are accustomed to. On the other hand, there is a tendency to understand our own planet in unfamiliar terms, especially in astrobiology, where so-called analog sites and “extreme environments” provide clues about alien planets.
Perspectiva orientada ao ator na análise da capacidade instalada dos empreendimentos agroindustriais no município de São Lourenço do Sul/RS-Brasil
Authors: Gomes Kátia Baptista , Gomes Mário Conill , Fernandes Lúcio Oliveira
Published: March 2018

As agroindústrias familiares rurais no Município de São Lourenço do Sul/RS-Brasil têm se apresentado como uma alternativa de manutenção da família no meio rural e preservação da cultura local. Entretanto, consolidar estes projetos individuais exige dos atores empreendedores a formulação de estratégias baseadas em uma racionalidade, própria de cada ator, regida por seus interesses individuais e mediada nas relações envolvendo atores com interesses dispares, e em diferentes arenas. Baseado em 10 estudos de casos empíricos, o objetivo deste trabalho foi o de compreender as estratégias dos atores na construção de seus projetos individuais- agroindústrias- na dimensão da capacidade instalada. Utilizou-se o aporte teórico da Perspectiva Orientada ao Ator (POA). A pesquisa apresenta como características: o estudo de casos múltiplos, exploratório-descritiva e qualitativa. Os dados empíricos foram coletados mediante entrevista com roteiro semiestruturado e, após transcrição realizou-se análise do conteúdo. Os resultados, a partir da análise, apontaram a consolidação de estratégias entre os atores em suas respectivas arenas, em torno da matéria-prima, instalações e recursos financeiros. Desta forma em torno dos projetos individuais consolidaram-se novas formas de organização social com base nas relações horizontais
Produção mais limpa no setor de cachaça: estudo em engenho no estado da Paraíba
Authors: Da Fonseca Maria Angélica Pompéu , Martins Maria de Fátima
Published: March 2018

A Produção mais Limpa(PML) tem por objetivo minimizar os impactos que as organizações podem causar ao meio ambiente, através da redução dos resíduos no processo produtivo. Neste sentido, este estudo tem por objetivo averiguar as práticas da produção mais limpa para minimização de resíduos do processo produtivo do engenho produtor de cachaça localizado no Município de Areia – PB. Esta pesquisa é classificada como um estudo de caso e descritiva, utilizando como base os três níveis da PML proposto pelo Conselho Nacional de Tecnologias Limpas – CNTL (2003). A coleta de dados ocorreu através de entrevista semi estruturada com o proprietário do engenho e da observação direta, através de visitas técnicas. As informações coletadas foram analisadas de forma qualitativa. Os resultados identificaram que no nível I – Redução na fonte é o menos presente nas práticas da empresa, devido a impossibilidade de evitar a geração dos resíduos; e o nível II–Reciclagem Interna possui maior destaque dentre os níveis, cujos resíduos gerados são em sua maioria utilizados no processo próprio produtivo. O nível III – destaca-se a reciclagem externa do bagaço e a compostagem orgânica da palha.
(Non)Existence of Bulgarian Party‑Based Euroscepticism – Why Should We Care?
Authors: Styczyńska Natasza
Published: March 2018

Euroscepticism is often linked to the disappointment with the outcomes of transition as well as overgrown expectations that accompanied the accession to the European Union. The main aim of the paper is to investigate if and how party‑based Euroscepticism has been active in Bulgaria, a post-communist country in CEE and a member of the European Union since 2007. The paper will present the rhetoric and characteristics of main Eurosceptic political parties in Bulgaria. Bulgarian public opinion used to be perceived as one of the most pro‑European among the member states, but current events show that the European issue is not so salient for the Bulgarian society and political elite. The difficult social and political situation marginalises discussions about the functioning of the EU and the future of Europe. Not only the absence of Euroscepticism, but also the lack of any European issues in party manifestos is puzzling. This paper aims to answer the question if Bulgarian politicians are so pro‑European or rather if Europe doesn’t really matter to the elites.