bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lymphography in Childhood Cancer
Authors: Musumeci Renato , Bombarda Achille , Bonadonna Gianni , Bellani Franca Fossati , Terno Giovanni , Uslenghi Carlo
Published: April 2018

Lymphographic investigations were done in 139 children (84 males and 55 females). Up to the age of 10 years the examination was performed in anesthesia; after that age suitable sedation only was given. The radiographic pattern of the lymph node involvement in this type of tumor is the same in children as in adults. Peculiar patterns were observed in neuroblastoma and in Ewing's sarcoma. 78 patients (57.4%) were suffering from systemic disease and 59 (41.9%) from solid tumors; in 2 cases the clinical diagnosis of tumor was not borne out by the histologic findings. In 35.3% of the cases with Hodgkin's disease and in 29% of supradiaphragmatic reticuloendothelial sarcoma lymphography revealed subdiaphragmatic lymph node involvement. In the stage III and IV patients lymphography was always pathologic. Pathologic lymph nodes were found in 3/10 patients with lymphoma arising in Waldeyer's tonsillar ring. Metastases were present in 40/59 of the cases of solid tumor (68.9%); the incidence of metastases was especially high in neuroblastoma (20/24), in rhabdomyosarcoma (4/5) and in tumors of the gonades (7/9). 16 cases were operated on; 2 false positives were found for lymph nodes in which there was pronounced reactive inflammatory hyperplasia.
Antitumor Activity of Total Extract of « Amanita phalloides » Ft. on Ehrlich Ascites Tumor
Authors: Villa Luigi , Agostoni Angelo
Published: April 2018

The antitumor activity of an aqueous extract of «Amanita phalloides» Fr. has been tested against Ehrlich tumor in mice. The simultaneous inoculation of these ascites cells and of «Amanita phalloides» extract acts on the development of the tumor which is completely inhibited in 50% of animals. Since similar results had been previously obtained with Yoshida tumor AH 130 in rats and with Crocker sarcoma 180 in mice, the antitumor activity of « Amanita phalloides» seems worth further investigations.
Lack of Long-term Effects of the Administration of Heptachlor to Suckling Rats
Authors: Cabral José R. , Testa Maria Cristina , Terracini Benedetto
Published: April 2018

95 Wistar rats were given 5 administrations of 10 mg/kg heptachlor in corn oil each by stomach tube, every second day starting at 10 days of age. Seven animals died before weaning. No early deaths were recorded among 36 controls given corn oil only. 29 experimental animals were killed at 60 weeks of age to detect early changes which were nevertheless absent. Growth and survival rates were similar in experimental and control animals. The incidence of tumors at different sites in males and that of adrenal, thyroid and pituitary tumors in females were comparable in both groups. 9 of 28 treated females developed a total of 12 tumors in various organs (including 5 mammary tumors and 2 renal lipomatous tumors) whereas 4 of 27 control females developed a total of 4 tumors (2 of which were located in the breast). In view of the different locations of the tumors and the lack of the reproducibility of the finding among males the results are not considered as evidence of carcinogenicity of heptachlor under the present experimental conditions.
Biochemical and Ultrastructural Study on Bronchial Carcinoids
Authors: Picardi Carlo , Picardi Roberto , Tonelli Francesco
Published: April 2018

The biochemical and ultrastructural findings in 6 patients affected by bronchial carcinoid formed the basis of this study of the relationship between the morphology and the function of this tumor. The following conclusions are drawn: 1) the «secretion granules » observed under the electron microscope vary in number according to the cell age of the tumor; 2) it is confirmed that the diagnosis of bronchial carcinoid is based on the histological data obtained under the light microscope and in some cases may be confirmed either by electron microscope or biochemical studies; 3) the morphofunctional study of the tumor should allow classification of the different stages of bronchial carcinoid.
A Toxicity Method with Calcium Cyclamate for Chronic Carcinogenesis Experiments
Authors: Toth Bela
Published: April 2018

An experimental approach for determining the maximum tolerated dose of chemicals administered continuously or repeatedly ad libitum for the lifespan of animals is described. Five dose levels of calcium cyclamate were given in the drinking water for 35 days to Swiss mice, 8 animals in each group. By taking into account 4 parameters — survival rates, body weights, chemical consumption figures and histological changes — this method enables one to choose with certainty the proper dose, which is prerequisite to designing a chronic carcinogenesis experiment.
Specific Immunogenicity of Human Breast Carcinoma Extracts in Rabbits
Authors: Boiocchi Mauro , Colnaghi Maria I. , Cascinelli Natale
Published: April 2018

Absorbed serum from a rabbit immunized with an extract of a pool of 5 breast carcinomas yielded a single precipitation line when tested on the pooled tumors used to immunize and on single breast carcinomas, whether participating in the immunization or not. No precipitation was seen with control normal mammary tissues from the same patients. Antisera from 5 out of 9 rabbit immunized with different single breast carcinomas gave one precipitin line against the tumor used to immunize and also in cross-reaction against the other 4 mammary carcinomas positive in the direct test. No bands were obtained with normal mammary tissue extracts or with a fibroadenoma extract. A rabbit antiserum against the fibroadenoma was always negative on all the breast carcinoma extracts tested.
Problems of Differential Histopathologic Diagnosis in Concomitant Thyroid and Mammary Carcinoma
Authors: Pilotti Silvana , Rilke Franco
Published: April 2018

Description of four female patients with carcinoma of the thyroid and of the breast, each case presenting: different morphologic diagnostic problems arising in multiple primary carcinomas. In case one the tumors appeared metasynchronously (4-year interval) and remained clinically and pathologically autonomous. The second case is an example of clinically occult lobular carcinoma of the breast into an adenoma of the thyroid gland. In the third case a small tubular adenocarcinoma of the breast arose two years after a thyroid cancer and had to be differentiated from a subcutaneous metastasis of the latter. In case four the two primary carcinomas were synchronous and metastasized in the same lymphnode area. The different morphology of the secondaries allowed identification of the source in all the lymphnodes but one, in which the structures of both primary tumors could be detected.
Treatment of Metastatic Breast Cancer with Cyclophosphamide, Methotrexate, Vincristine and Fluorouracil.
Authors: De Lena Mario , De Palo Giuseppe Maria , Bonadonna Gianni , Beretta Gianni , Bajetta Emilio
Published: April 2018

From November 1970 to June 1972, 55 patients with metastatic breast cancer were treated with a 4-drug combination (cyclophosphamide, Methotrexate, vincristine and fluorouracil) administered intravenously over a 5-day period (table 1). Treatment was repeated after a 2-week interval for the first 3 cycles, then after 4 weeks. Six more patients were incompletely treated but found evaluable for the toxicity study. The great majority of cases (51/55) was pretreated with radiotherapy, hormone and/or chemotherapy (table 3). The overall response rate was 69 %. Complete (CR) plus partial (PR) remissions (> 50 %) were 46 %. From this evaluation bone lesions was arbitrarily not included since recalcification occurs rarely after chemotherapy. The medium duration of CR was 8 months, that of PR 4 months (table 4). The most responsive lesions were those localized in the soft parts (75%) followed by metastases to lung (55%), pleura and liver (40%). Recalcification of bone lesions was observed in 17 % of cases (table 6). The number of cycles required to produce a regression was found proportional to the degree of response, with a mean of 2 cycles to obtain a PR and a mean of 3 cycles to obtain a CR (table 7). The longest regression was seen in patients with lung or liver involvement (table 8). The duration of the free interval was a positively correlated with the type of response (table 9). The dose limiting factor was represented by bone marrow depression which often required a dose attenuation schedule (table 10 and 11). The actuarial analysis of survival curves (fig.1) showed that patients achieving CR+PR lived longer than those with static disease or progression during combination chemotherapy (P < 0.05). It is concluded that combination chemotherapy can prolong the survival of responsive patients with metastatic breast cancer. The most effective combination can be found only through appropriate controlled clinical trials.
Comparative in Vitro Titrations of Herpes Simplex Virus in Cells Derived from Normal Uterine Cervix and from Cervical Cancer.
Authors: Menarini Laura , Terni Maurizio , Pavanelli Claudia , Tortora Mario
Published: April 2018

Sero-epidemiologic investigations showed a significant association between carcinoma of the cervix uteri and previous infections of the female genital tract with subtype 2, or genital, Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV-2) (ref. 3, 13, 14, 16). This association could be due to a carcinogenic, or co-carcinogenic effect of HSV (ref. 6 and 17), or else to a preferential viral growth in tumoral or transformed cells as against normal cells. To test the latter hypothesis we cultured in vitro cells from normal cervix and from cervical cancer, and assayed HSV-2 (and also HSV-1, or facial, and the MP mutant of HSV-1: ref. 9, 12) in our cell cultures as well as in the human HEp-2 cell line. Equivalent viral yields (results not reported in detail), equivalent numbers of viral plaques (table 1) and similar plaque morphology (fig.8) and intracellular ecp (fig.7) were observed in our cell cultures and in HEp-2 cells. Thus, a preferential viral growth in tumoral cells is not apparent.
Response and Survival in Hodgkin's Disease after Sequential Chemotheraphy Employing a Single Agent.
Authors: Monfardini Silvio , Tancini Gabriele , Gasparini Marco , Bonadonna Gianni
Published: April 2018

The therapeutic results obtained in 59 patients with advanced Hodgkin's disease treated from 1964 to 1969 with sequential chemotherapy employing a single agent are reported. The main sequence was alkylating agent first, vinblastine second and procarbazine third. Complete plus partial remission (> 50 %) ranged from a minimum of 37 % for patients treated with procarbazine to a maximum of 42 % for those given vinblastine. The median duration of response ranged from 4 to 5 months. Overall median survival from institution of chemotherapy was 24 months. Patients (26 cases) responding to 2 or more drugs showed a median survival of 40 months, which was statistically greater than that observed in an equal number of cases responding only to one drug (13 months) and than that of 7 patients unresponsive to all drugs (9 months). It is concluded from this retrospective study that survival in advanced Hodgkin's disease is longer in patients responding to at least two drugs that in patients responding less or not at all.
Observations on a Case of Leiomyosarcoma of the Kidney.
Authors: Campo Biagio , Rigatti Patrizio
Published: April 2018

A case of renal leiomyosarcoma is presented and the difficulty of differential diagnosis from other tumors evidenced. The concomitance of a probable paraproteinemia, which disappeared after surgery, is interesting.
Endolymphatic Radiotherapy in Cancer of the Cervix
Authors: Luciani Luciano , Musumeci Renato , De Palo Giuseppe Maria , Mattavelli Franco , Punzi Alfredo
Published: April 2018

From 1962 to 1968, 93 patients with cancer of the cervix were given endolymphatic radiotherapy at the National Cancer Institute of Milan. Lipiodol Fluide 131I was injected at doses ranging from 2.3–2.5 mCi/cm3 (8–10 cm3 each foot) with a total activity of 46 to 50 mCi. The 93 patients were treated with endolymphatic radiotherapy and conventional radiotherapy or surgery (table 1). Lymph node metastases were detected in 29 of 93 patients. In 41 cases the histopathologic findings of lymph nodes removed during surgery were correlated with the lymphographic findings; a correct correlation was found in 90,2% of cases (table 4). No side-effects or complications of endolymphatic treatment were observed. The long-term results were evaluated in two groups of patients and compared with the series treated at our Institute with conventional therapy. A first group of 49 cases was treated with radium and endolymphatic radiotherapy. In the 19 who had metastatic retroperitoneal nodes on lymphography the 5-year survival was 26%; in the 30 without radiological evidence of nodal metastases the 5-year survival was 84% (text-fig. 1). Considering all cases for every stage, with and without metastases, the 5-year survival was 69% for stage I and 60% for stage II. In comparison with the series treated at our Institute with radiumtherapy only, the percent increase in 5-year survival is 9% for stage I and 13.2% for stage II (table 6). This difference is not statistically significant. A second group of 36 cases was treated with a combination of endolymphatic radiotherapy, surgery and radiumtherapy. Considering all cases for every stage, with and without metastases, the 5-year survival was 91% for stage I and 77% for stage II. In comparison with the series treated at our Institute with surgery and radiumtherapy the percent increase in 5-year survival is 16.5% for stage I and 7% for stage II (table 6). Again, statistical evaluation failed to detect a significant difference. No definite conclusions can be drawn from these results. However, there is the possibility that endolymphatic radiotherapy destroys early microscopic metastases located in the retroperitoneal nodes and so contributes substantially to the cure rate. To prove this hypothesis, a prospective randomized clinical trial is indicated.
A Case of Adenocarcinoma of the Upper Third of the Esophagus Arising on Ectopic Gastric Tissue.
Authors: Clemente Claudio
Published: April 2018

A case of adenocarcinoma of the upper third of the esophagus, arising from ectopic mucosa of gastric type, is described. The possible origins, from ectopic islets of gastric mucosa, tracheobronchial rests or esophageal glands, are discussed. The precence of ectopic gastric mucosa on the surface of the esophagus adjacent to the tumor suggests that this esophageal adenocarcinoma arose from ectopic gastric mucosa.
Report of 11 Cases of Hemangiopericytoma and Review of the Most Recent Literature.
Authors: Bozzetti Federico , Doci Roberto
Published: April 2018

The main features of the hemangiopericytoma: its ubiquity, the different grades of malignancy, the lack of correlation between clinical and histological features are discussed in the light of the literature and the experience gained at the National Cancer Institute of Milan. Surgical excision plays a very important role in the management of this tumor. The palliative results recently obtained with chemotherapy are set forth.
Remarks on the Value and Limits of Transcutaneous Needle Biopsy of the Lung.
Authors: Vaglini Maurizio , Bozzetti Federico , Guzzon Adalgiso , Pietroiusti Marcello , Ravasi Gian Luigi
Published: April 2018

In this paper, which considers the world case-material and that of the National Cancer Institute of Milan, the indications, contraindications, limits and diagnostic potential of transcutaneous lung biopsy in the diagnosis of unspecified peripheral pulmonary condensation are evaluated both in clinical and in radiological terms.
Postoperative Parenteral Hyperalimentation and Wound Healing in Oncological Surgery.
Authors: Bozzetti Federico , Terno Giovanni , Longoni Claudio
Published: April 2018

Two groups of patients (4 each) were treated by parenteral infusions during the first five postoperative days after abdominoperineal resection of rectum according to the following schedules: Group I: 12.4 Cal/kg/day + 0.044 gm. N/kg/day; Group II: 52.7 Cal/kg/day + 0.235 gm. N/kg/day. The nitrogen balance was studied and collagenogenesis evaluated by chromatographic determination of OH-lysine in the biopsies of the healing tissue carried out on the 2°, 3°, 4°, 5°, 6°, 9°, 12°, and 15° postoperative day. It was noted that in Group II of patients, the nitrogen balance was better and that there was more collagen in the biopsies of the healing tissue than in Group I. Parenteral postoperative hyperalimentation not only spares endogenous nitrogen but may help healing.
Bleomycin alone and in Combination with Methotrexate in the Treatment of Carcinoma of the Esophagus.
Authors: Tancini Gabriele , Bajetta Emilio , Bonadonna Gianni
Published: April 2018

The therapeutic results of Bleomycin (BLM) administered alone (29 patients) and in combination with Methotrexate (5 patients) in advanced carcinoma of the esophagus are reviewed. The drug was injected intravenously in five different dose schedules (table 1), as described in previous publications. In combination BLM was given twice weekly at the dose of 10 mg/m2/week intravenously for 1 month. Courses were repeated after an interval of 2–3 weeks. Of 34 patients given BLM alone or in combination, 23 were untreated. The overall response in the group treated with BLM alone was 52 % (table 2). However, complete remission was seen only in 1 patient and more than 50 % remission in 3 patients (CR + PR > 50 %: 14 %). The highest incidence of response was observed with the first dose schedule employed (3/3). The fifth schedule, which is similar to that used by Japanese investigators (10 mg/m2 twice weekly) induced regression in 7/17 patients. The median duration of response ranged in the different schedules from 1 to 2 months. In the small series treated with BLM + MTX 4/5 patients showed regression (CR 1, PR > 50 % 2) with a median duration of 2.7 months. In patients treated with BLM alone pulmonary toxicity confirmed through repeated chest X-rays was observed in 12/29 patients (41 %) after a minimum of 80 mg/m2 and a maximum of 220 mg/m2. This exceedingly high incidence of lung toxicity in relation to the five treatment schedules was as follows: first schedule 3/3, second 1/3, third 1/3, fourth 2/3, fifth 5/17. In 2 patients (both treated with the first dose-schedule) pulmonary toxicity contributed to the cause of death (total dose 120 mg/m2). This report shows that BLM alone produced regressions in about 50 % of patients with advanced epidermoid carcinoma of the esophagus. However, both quality and duration of regression failed to indicate in the present series a useful role of BLM in the control of esophageal carcinoma. The combination of BLM with MTX probably deserves further trials.
Attempts of Transmission of the Newt Melanoma by Nucleic Acids Preparations.
Authors: Zavanella Teresa , Camerini Edgarda
Published: April 2018

In the present study attempts were made to obtain DNA extracts with tumorigenic activity from the melanoma of the newt (Triturus cristatus Laur.). The DNA, prepared by two different methods from melanomas that had been transferred by cells for several generations, was injected subcutaneously in adult animals. Control animals were not treated or received DNA isolated from normal homologous organs. In all 320 animals were used, 238 of which were given DNA. The DNA preparations obtained according to the procedure of Colter et al. failed to induce tumors in any of the 111 inoculated animals, while the treatment with DNA extracted according to Kirby's method (127 cases) from tumors as well from normal tissues resulted in the development of melanomas with an incidence significantly higher than that observed in the group of untreated animals; however, the activity of the extracts was not modified by DNase treatment. The influence of factors such as neoplasia spread in the donors, duration of observation, geographical origin of animals and season of treatment was considered. Altogether 934 animals were studied, including those of other experimental series reported elsewhere: 670 were given nucleic acids extracted from tumors or normal organs, 204 received tumor or normal organ transplants, 60 were untreated. Of interest is the fact that the overall incidence of melanoma was much high in animals coming from areas of high industrialization, i.e. in the newts from the environs of Pavia (54.1 %), than in those from Naples (11 %): the difference between the two groups was highly significant and independent of the treatment. Due to the high tumor incidence in the newts from Pavia, no correlation could be demonstrated between biological activity of nucleic acid extracts and the above mentioned factors in the 670 animals treated. However, in the case of the newts from the Naples area a higher frequency of tumors was observed after treatment with nucleic acids extracted from melanoma, than after treatment with nucleic acids from normal organs: the result is statistically significant only at the 5 per cent level with the χ2 test.
Meningeal Melanocytoma. Case Report.
Authors: Ferracini Romano , Lemma Enrico
Published: April 2018

A case of melanocytoma of the conus medullaris region is described, the tenth case in the literature. Differential diagnosis from other pigmented lesions of the meninges is discussed and the not entirely benign nature of the tumor emphasised.
Macrophage Electrophoretic Migration Test for Lymphocyte Sensitization to Tumor Antigens.
Authors: Tognella Sergio , Mantovani Giovanni , Floris Carlo , Cengiarotti Letizia , Del Giacco Gennaro S. , Grifoni Vincenzo
Published: April 2018

The macrophage electrophoretic migration test (MEM test) of Field and Caspary was used to study the sensitization to tumor antigens of blood lymphocytes of patients with solid tumor (7), chronic lymphatic leukemia (3), and Hodgkin's disease (8). Our preliminary results are partially in keeping with those of the English authors: blood lymphocytes from some patients with malignant neoplasm seem to be sensitised to crude cancer material irrespective of the type of the tumor from which it derives. The MEM test was negative in the 4 patients with Hodgkin's disease in remission and positive in the 4 patients with active disease. It is believed that further studies are needed before accepting this test as an in vitro diagnostic test for cancer.
Evaluation of Nodal Involvement in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Vulva and Therapeutic Implications.
Authors: Bozzetti Federico , Lupi Giovanni , Di Re Franco
Published: April 2018

152 cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva, operated at the National Cancer Institute of Milan have been analyzed for the purpose of assessing: the frequency of metastases in relation to the. local extent, site of the growth, and clinical and lymphography diagnosis. We reached the following conclusions: a) in T1N0 cancers, the incidence of inguinal metastases is less than 2.7 %. Therefore in unilateral T1N0 tumors a simple vulvectomy may be considered; b) in median tumors, metastases are always bilateral, and in the mixed ones (lateral and median) bilateral metastases are more frequent than unilateral metastases (31.4% vs. 12.9%); c) in unilateral tumors, inguinal metastases are homolateral or bilateral: we have never observed inguinal metastases contralateral to the primary growth. We think that inguinal lymphadenectomy should be bilateral in median or mixed tumors, while in unilateral cases it should be bilateral only in cases where at least homolateral metastases are present. We have never observed pelvic metastases in patients with negative pelvic lymphangiography and/or without inguinal metastatic nodes. Pelvic lymphadenectomy should be planned only in cases of metastases of ipsilateral inguinal nodes or if there are lymphographically positive nodes. We think that the surgical approach to cancer of the vulva should be planned taking into account the T, the N, and the Iymphographic or histologic peroperative diagnosis. In this way, radicality and, at the same time, saving of non-metastatic nodes, which can play an important role in preventing recurrences, could be achieved.
Radiotherapy of Breast Cancer in the Early Stages (T1-T2).
Authors: Zucali Roberto , Uslenghi Carlo , Kenda Rado , Bargellini Anna
Published: April 2018

During the quinquennium 1968–72, 79 patients with breast cancer in the early stages (T1-T2) were given radiotherapy at the National Cancer Institute of Milan after surgery had been excluded on grounds of age, diabetes, cardiocirculatory status or other controindication. 69 patients were at stage T2 and 39 had lymphnode involvement (31 N1 and 8 N3). 40 received roentgentherapy and 39 cobalt therapy. The crude five–year survival was 53 % and the age-corrected rate 62 %, high values considering average age (67 years) and the poor general condition of the patients. Survival was better in the N0 cases that in those with lpmphnode involvement (71 % compared with 50 % at 4 years) and in the over-65s than in the less elderly (77 % against 38 % at 4 years). Cobalt therapy, preferable to roentgentherapy because treatment is less lengthy and is better tolerated, did not yield better clinical results in terms either of local recurrence or of long term survival. Local recurrences occurred in 13 % of patients with a higher incidence at lymphnode level (6/39) that at the primary site. Radiotherapy thus definitely seems to be effective, even on a long term basis, in early breast cancer, when surgery, radical or conservative, is contraindicated.
Retroperitoneal Fibroxanthogranuloma.
Authors: Gaspa L.
Published: April 2018

A case of retroperitoneal FXG involving the intestine in a 53 year old man is reported. The clinical signs were vomiting, diarrhoea and severe pain in the lower right abdomen. Histologically the lesion was characterized by a mixture of fibroblasts, histiocytes, foamy histiocytes and multinucleated Touton cells without frankly anaplastic pictures and by an inflammatory infiltrate composed of lymphocytes, plasmacells and polymorphonuclear leukocytes. All the cells were in and surrounded by a dense fibrous network. The case may be regarded as a true neoplasia, potentially malignant, in spite of the absence of overt cytological malignancy.
Effects of Ionizing Radiations on the Activity of Valyl-tRNA Synthetase Isolated from Rat Liver and Morris Hepatoma 7777.
Authors: Romano Marta , Cerra Maria , Salvatore Marco , Onorati Antonio
Published: April 2018

The effects of ionizing radiations on valyl-tRNA synthetase (L-valine tRNA ligase (AMP), E.C.6.1.1.9.), 100-fold purified from rat liver and Morris hepatoma 7777, are reported. The results showed that: 1) the enzymatic activity is strongly inhibited by radiations; 2) the enzymatic inactivation is much more marked in dilute than in concentrated solutions; 3) the inactivation of enzyme is linked to oxidation of sulphydryl groups indispensable to the catalytic activity of the enzyme; 4) no substantial difference in relation to inactivation by radiation was observed, between rat liver and Morris hepatoma 7777 enzymes.
Lymphography in Sarcoidosis.
Authors: Musumeci Renato , Uslenghi Carlo
Published: April 2018

Abdominal lymphography was performed in 30 patients, 12 males and 18 females, with sarcoidosis. The diagnosis of disease was in every case histological, after mediastinal biopsy in 16 cases and after biopsy of lymph nodes in various sites in 14 cases. Mediastino-pulmonary involvement of varying degree was present in 23 patients. Lymphography revealed involvement of the inguinoretroperitoneal lymph nodes in 18 cases, bilateral in 15 of them. Lymphographic diagnosis of sarcoidosis is fairly arduous because the pattern elicited is very similar to that of lymphomas. The pathological findings were graded into 4 groups. No correlation between lymphographic pattern and duration and extent of the disease was demonstrated. In 5 patients with pathological lymphography lymph node biopsy confirmed the diagnosis. The routine use of lymphography in patients with sarcoidosis is not to be racommended because the demonstration of extensive lymph node involvement does not affect the treatment in any way.
Study of Five Cases of Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia in the Course of Hemoblastosis.
Authors: Fagiolo Enzo
Published: April 2018

Five cases of AHA in the course of different hemoblastosis (lymphosarcoma, Hodgkin's disease, CLL, AML) are described. Three cases presented no reticulocytosis and no hemolysis, ascribed to erythropoietic insufficiency due to neoplastic proliferation and/or cytostatic therapy in two cases and myeloid aplasia, probably due to the fixation to the bone marrow cells by erythrocytes and platelet autoantibodies in another case. In the two lymphosarcoma cases erythrocyte autoantibodies were found in the course of pretransfusion crossmatching. It may be inferred that systematic immunological tests can reveal erythrocyte autoimmunization in the course of anemia due to a hemoblastosis, even when there are no signs of hemolysis. Erythrocyte-fixed antibodies were of the IgG, IgA, IgM types in various combinations in different patients; the two cases with lymphosarcoma presented a high titer of cold anti I hemoagglutinins. In view of the frequency of both AHA and lymphoproliferative disorders in patients with immunological disorders, it is suggested that neoplasms and autoimmune diseases are independent phenomena, both conditioned by an immunological deficiency, influencing autoantibody synthesis and/or neoplastic growth.
Intranodular Treatment with BCG of Cutaneous and Subcutaneous Metastases of Malignant Melanoma.
Authors: Balzarini Gian Paolo , Cascinelli Natale , Fontana Vincenzo , Veronesi Umberto
Published: April 2018

A fresh preparation of BCG (Istituto Vaccinogeno Antitubercolare, Milano) having a bacterial charge of 0.5 mg/ml was injected intranodularly in cutaneous and subcutaneous metastases of malignant melanoma of 22 patients. A total of 85 nodules were treated. Caseous necrosis was observed in 17 patients equal to 68 nodules. The side-effects were modest and cleared up in a short time. The results obtained were localized at the treated nodules, without giving rise to a therapeutic action on those not injcted. The evolution of the disease was not modified.
Adriamycin in Combination and in Combined Treatment Modalities.
Authors: Bonadonna Gianni , Beretta Gianni , Tancini Gabriele , De Lena Mario , Monfardini Silvio , Bajetta Emilio , Bellani Franca Fossati , Brambilla Cristina , Veronesi Umberto
Published: April 2018

The paper reviews the current strategic approach of the Istituto Nazionale Tumori of Milan with adriamycin (ADM) in combination with other drugs as well as in combined treatment modalities for various neoplasias of adults and children. The preliminary results obtained during the past four years in malignant lymphomas, acute leukemias, carcinoma of the breast, and neuroblastoma are reported. With the exception of the group of malignant lymphomas treated with a quintuple drug regimen (MABOP), none of the patients admitted the different trials had received chemotherapy. Most studies were controlled with random allocation to two different combinations. Cross over was carried out on relapse. In advanced Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, mammary carcinoma, soft tissue sarcomas, embryonal carcinoma of testicle, ovarian carcinoma, and multiple myeloma the main purpose of the study was to develop two independent non cross resistant combinations to be used sequentially in subsequent trials. There is a preliminary evidence that this is being obtained in Hodgkin's disease (ABVD vs. MOPP), in non Hodgkin's lymphomas (ABP vs. CVP) and carcinoma of the breast (ADM + VCR vs. CMF). In the other groups the patients were too few to permit conclusions. In acute lymphoblastic leukemia, in the leukemic phase of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas as well as in the group of solid tumors of children, combination chemotherapy and combined treatment modalities were not designed in a controlled fashion. ADM was introduced in all treatments because of its definite activity when employed as a single agent in refractory disease. Few therapeutic results are as yet available since most studies were started in 1974. However, the remission rate observed in the limited group of acute leukemias treated with ADM + VCR + prednisone is worth noting. The wide spectrum of activity of ADM justifies its use in several protocols of combination chemotherapy and in combined treatment modalities. With both full and reduced regimens drug tolerance was good, and in practically all studies more than 80 % of the optimal dose of ADM could be administered. All trials were properly designed to avoid a total dose of ADM exceeding 550–600 mg/m2 since cardiomyopathy (reversible) was observed in 2 patients after 600 mg/m2.
Histopathology, Collateral Lesions and Morphological Precursors in Six Cases of Sarcoma of the Female Breast.
Authors: Migliori Elena
Published: April 2018

A personal case of osteoclast-like giant cell sarcoma of the mammary gland is reported together with five other breast sarcomas observed during sixteen years at this Institute. Clinical and pathological findings are discussed. The frequent association of sarcomas with previous and/or simultaneous fibroadenomas in the same breast is emphasized.
Induction of Bladder Tumours in the Mouse by Direct Implantation of 20-Methylcholanthrene.
Authors: Campobasso Onofrio , Pecora Maria , Palestro Giorgio , Cozzani Claudio
Published: April 2018

Plain paraffin wax pellets and pellets containing 1 % and 5 % 20-MCA were implanted in the bladder of 219 C57×IF and Swiss mice of both sexes. One hundred and fifty four survived and were killed after 40-42 weeks; 56 had been implanted with plain pellet and 98 with pellet containing the carcinogen. Only one bladder tumour (1,8 %) developed in the former, whereas 35 tumours (35.7 %) were found in the latter group. When a pellet containing 20-MCA was used, the tumour incidence was related to the strain and sex of the animals, rather than to the amount of carcinogen in the pellet. As a matter of fact, irrespective of the concentration of 20-MCA, females C57×IF gave a significantly higher tumour yield (87.5 %) than males and Swiss mice of both sexes. It is concluded that when bladder implantation is used to induce tumours in mice, the results must be strictly referred to strain and sex. Besides tumours, areas of marked epithelial hyperplasia were seen in bladders implanted with either plain pellet or pellet containing 20-MCA. The possible meaning of this hyperplasia is briefly discussed and the need for further investigation stressed.
Evaluation of Cell-mediated Immunity in the Course of Primary Malignant Tumors of the Ovary. Cutaneous Reactivity.
Authors: Gasparri Franco , Panconesi Emiliano , Periti Piero
Published: April 2018

The present possibilities of clinically evaluating cell-mediated immune potential using skin reactivity to microbial protein antigens (streptokinase-streptodornase; tuberculin; formalin-killed parotitis virus) together with a contact sensitized such as dinitrochlorobenzene are examined. A single evaluation index for the set of cutireactions is proposed and, as a practical example, the delayed hypersensitivity data based on intradermal and patch tests in 41 cases of primary malignant tumor of the ovary are reported. There is a definite correlation between immune impairment and cancer spread, with a survival prognosis value even in initial cases.
Bilateral Tumors of the Parotid Glands.
Authors: Catania Vinicio C. , Bandieramonte Gaetano , Salvadori Bruno
Published: April 2018

Bilateral parotid tumors occur very rarely; they account for 0.5 % of 544 cases of parotid tumors recorded at the National Cancer Institute of Milan from 1945 to 1974. Three cases of bilateral tumors are described; two tumors were synchronous and one metachronous. The patients were women of 51, 46 and 52 years. The histologic type was the same on both sides in all cases, namely adenolymphoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma and mixed tumor respectively. Surgical excision was the treatment of choice; according to the histology of the tumors partial (adenolymphoma) or total parotidectomy (mixed and malignant tumors) was performed. As to the case of mucoepidermoid cancer of both parotid glands no recurrence was observed after five years.
Effects of Hodgkin Cytotoxic Serum on Blast Transformation of Normal and Hodgkin Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes.
Authors: Tognella Sergio , Mantovani Giovanni , Del Giacco Gennaro S. , Manconi Paolo E. , Cengiarotti Letizia , Floris Carlo , Grifoni Vincenzo
Published: April 2018

The PHA-resposiveness of normal and Hodgkin patient human peripheral blood lymphocytes has been studied before and after incubation with Hodgkin cytotoxic sera. The following conclusions have been reached: (a) Hodgkin cytotoxic serum is capable of decreasing the PHA-responsiveness of normal lymphocytes and of furtherly impairing the already defective PHA-responsiveness of Hodgkin lymphocytes. (b) The impaired PHA-responsiveness can be restored to the original levels by eluting the cytotoxic antibody. Control experiments in which normal and Hodgkin lymphocytes were put in contact with normal and Hodgkin non-cytotoxic serum showed no decrease of PHA-responsiveness. These data are in agreement with the hypothesis that the presence of serum cytotoxin is at least partly responsible for the immuno-incompetence of T-lymphocytes characteristic of Hodgkin's disease.
Lymphographic Evaluation in Ovarian Carcinoma of Epithelial Origin.
Authors: Musumeci Renato , Banfi Alberto , Candiani Giovanni B. , de Palo Giuseppe M. , Di Re Francesco , Lattuada Angelo , Luciani Luciano , Mangioni Costantino , Mattioli Giuseppe , Natale Nicola , Pizzetti Federico
Published: April 2018

From January 1973 to May 1974, 117 patients with ovarian carcinomas were evaluated with lymphography. The tumors were staged and classified histopathologically according to FIGO (1971). Considering all cases, lymphography showed nodal metastases in 44 patients (38%). Lymphography was positive in 36% of serous cystoadenocarcinomas, in 26 % of mucinous cystoadenocarcinomas, in 48 % of endometrioid carcinomas and in 36 % of unclassified carcinomas. Of the 10 cases not identified by cell type, lymphography was positive in 40 % of cases. In 68 % of cases bilateral involvement was found. The site of metastatic nodes was in 32 % of cases only in the iliac chains were both involved. Considering the single node chains we found 36 % of para-aortic, 27 % of common iliac, 35 % of external iliac and 2 % of inguinal involvement. Metastases were observed, regardless of histological type, in 25 % of cases in stage III, 62 % in stage IV, 54 % in recurrences and only in 5 % of cases in stage I. Therefore the lymphatic spread seems to occur in more advanced stages and in recurrences. In 28 of 117 patients node biopsy was performed. Histological-lymphographic correlation was correct in 7/7 positive cases and in 19/21 negative cases (93 %). These results show that lymphography is a reliable tool in the evaluation of ovarian cancer.
Report of 5 Cases of Paratesticular Rhabdomyosarcoma.
Authors: Zanoni Fulvio , Pizzocaro Giorgio
Published: April 2018

The paper reports 5 cases of paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma in patients of 10 to 18 years of age out of 438 cases of testicular tumours admitted to the Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori in Milan (1.14%). Two cases were far advanced and died within a few months despite chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Only one of the three operated patients was cured and is still living 4 years after treatment. This patient had negative nodes and a full course of post-operative chemotherapy. The causes of failure in the other two cases are believed to be: not performing retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy in one and not giving post-operative chemotherapy in both. It is concluded that radical orchiectomy, retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy (followed by radiotherapy in N+ cases) and post-operative chemotherapy are the treatment of choice for operable paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma.
Epidemiology of Childhood Cancer in Piemonte and Valle d'Aosta during 1965-69.
Authors: Pastore Guido , Terracini Benedetto
Published: April 2018

Piemonte and Valle d'Aosta are in the NW part of Italy. In 1967 total population and population aged 0-14 were respectively 4.338.000 and 841.000. During the period 1965-69 a total of 688 cases of cancer (including leukemia) were diagnosed in children under 15 years of age resident in this area. The Cancer Registry of Piedmont and Valle d'Aosta (RTP) provided information on 465 children; the other 223 were collected through additional investigation in the files of 31 university or hospital departments of the region and 5 extraregional hospitals. Distribution through the 5 years covered by the investigation is shown in Table 1. Histological or hematological confirmation of the diagnosis was available in 499 cases (73%). The 688 cases included 216 leukemias, 131 tumors of the central nervous system, 40 neuroblastomas, 82 lymphomas (including 34 cases of Hodgkin's disease), 46 nephroblastomas, 32 soft-tissue sarcomas, 29 bone sarcomas (including 5 cases of Ewing's disease), 25 retinoblastomas, 12 thyroid tumors, 10 extragenital teratomas, 5 ovarian dysgerminomas, 4 tumours of the testes, 4 hepatoblastomas and 52 other tumours (Table 2). The number of children under 15 years of age dying of cancer during 1965-69 was 341 (Table 2). Incidence and mortality rates by age groups are given in Tables 3 and 4. The rates were of the same order as those observed in the U.S. and in other European cancer registries during the same period (Tables 4, 5 and 6). The mortality rate for nephroblastomas at age 0-4 was 1,09/100.000/year, i.e. slightly higher than that observed in the U.S. in 1960 but about twice as high as that observed in the U.S. in 1967 (14). Incidence and mortality rates for both Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas were about 3 times higher in males than in females (Table 3). The difference was less obvious during the first five years of life, in which the total number of diagnosed lymphomas was 16.
Multivariate Analysis of Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetase Activities of Liver and Hepatomas.
Authors: Del Monte Ugo , Boddi Vieri , Caldini Riccardo , Urbano Pasquale , Cini Grazia
Published: April 2018

Data on the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase activities in normal liver and in three transplantable rat hepatomas, viz Yoshida's AH 130 and Morris's 5123C and 7793, were studied by means of factor analysis, a powerful technique of multivariate analysis particularly suitable for identifying factors which theoretically may account for the pattern of interrelations between several variables. The analysis has been performed on 51 patterns of enzyme activities, covering 17 out of the 20 aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases; 80% on average of the total variability of the 17 enzyme activities may be accounted for by the first 4 factors extracted. The enzymes seem to fall into different groups, depending on their relationship with the factors thus identified. The results suggest that enzymes belonging to the same group share a common control mechanism, and are independent of the enzymes belonging to different groups, both in normal liver and in hepatomas.
Description of a Case of Acute Neurological Toxicity after DTIC-Adriamycin-Vincristine Therapy.
Authors: Rosso Riccardo , Brema Fulvio , Porcile Gianfranco
Published: April 2018

A case of acute neurological toxicity was observed in a patient with a retroperitoneal fibromyxosarcoma treated with DTIC (NSC-45382), Adriamycin and Vincristine. The neurological symptoms started one hour after drug administration and rapidly declined with symptomatic therapy; no EEG and scintigraphic changes were detectable. The case is discussed in relation to central nervous system complications reported by other authors, following administration of DTIC and Adriamycin.
Congenital Fibrosarcoma.
Authors: Pingitore Raffaele , Bachechi Piero
Published: April 2018

A case of congenital fibrosarcoma is described and analyzed together with 27 other cases reported in the literature. The rather favourable biologic behaviour justifies conservative therapy based on complete and early surgical resection.
Convoluted Cell Lymphoblastic Lymphoma.
Authors: Rilke Franco , Clemente Claudio , Pilotti Silvana , Musumeci Renato
Published: April 2018

The recent identification among non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphomas of a high-grade malignancy entity of possible thymic origin and defined as lymphoblastic convoluted-cell lymphoma allowed the morphologic and radiological diagnosis of nine cases of this disease. Males outnumbered females (6/9) and the age ranged from 6 to 54 years. The histologic diagnosis relied upon the characteristic non cohesive cellularity as well as upon the peculiar cribriform nuclear structure, the convoluted appearance of the nuclei, the anisokaryosis, the paucity of the cytoplasm and the minimal size of the nucleoli. The anatomical distribution of the disease was ascertained in the lymph nodes, spleen, liver and several other extranodal sites. Bone marrow invasion was observed in seven cases and presence of lymphoma cells in the peripheral blood in six. A thymic mediastinal mass was present radiologically in seven cases and lymphography was positive in five. Follow-up data revealed death of four patients within 10 months and survival of two up to 17 months. The cellular morphology of the malignant lymphoma seems to be sufficiently diagnostic. This entity deserves an autonomous position within the classifications of malignant lymphomas as it appears in the functional one proposed by Lukes and Collins (21) as well as in the Kiel classification (13).
Chemotherapy of Choriocarcinoma.
Authors: Gasparri Franco , Buzzoni Paolo , Mazzei Teresita , Severi Severo , Berti Leonardo , Periti Piero
Published: April 2018

The department of Gynecology and Obstetrics of Florence University reports the following findings for the chemotherapy of gestational choriocarcinoma daring the period 1962–74. Sixteen cases, 11 of which were rated high risk cases, were given chemotherapy with MTX alone or in association with other cytotoxic agents. In the 12 surviving cases that may be considered the incidence of complete remission (from 4 to 13 years) is 67 %. Of the 8 cases rated as cured 3 were high risk cases at the beginning of treatment. Intermittent chemotherapy with MTX only was given by slow intravenous injection at doses of 3 to 4 mg/kg for 24–48 h followed from the 48th h by folinic acid treatment for 1–2 days. This schedule is recommended because of its negligible toxicity as a replacemen for intramuscular MTX in 5-day courses, which carries a fairly high risk of toxicity.
Transient Hypofibrinogenemia in a Patient with Advanced Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: Mintz Uri , Marshak Gideon , Sawicka Beata , Amir Jacob
Published: April 2018

Viene descritto un disturbo ematologico insolito in un paziente con malattia di Hodgkin in stadio avanzato. Un reperto isolato di ipofibrinogenemia, senza diatesi emorragica e senza evidenza di coagulazione intravascolare disseminata, ritornò alla norma dopo trattamento positivo della malattia di Hodgkin.
Endometrial Carcinoma under the Age of 40.
Authors: Faggiano Francesco , Trabucco Mario , Grasso Silvana , Filotico Marcello
Published: April 2018

Endometrial adenocarcinoma in women under the age of forty presents a different course according to its histology. Adenocarcinomas of the endometrium may be classified into 4 main types: type 1, homologous or endometrioid; type 2, fallopian-like; type 3, cervical-like; type 4, unclassifiable. The majority of homologous adenocarcinomas have a relatively benign course, whereas the other types are definitely malignant. There is no room for doubt between adenocarcinoma and atypical endometrial hyperplasia in women under forty unless the histological pattern is of the homologous or endometrioid type, because the other patterns are definitely malignant.