bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Self-Perception of Dependence as an Indicator of Smartphone Addiction. Establishment of a Cut-off Point in the SPAI-SP Inventory
Authors: Ballestar-Tarin Maria Luisa , Simo-Sanz Conchin , Chover-Sierra Elena , Saus-Ortega Carlos , Casal Angulo Maria del Carmen , Martínez-Sabater Antonio
Published: January 2020

Background: In recent years, the abusive use of the smartphone has reached a situation that could be considered pathological, although there is no such classification in the DSM-IV. In this sense, different instruments to assess this problematic use or addiction to the smartphone are used. Among them, we found the SPAI, which has been validated in the Spanish language. The main difficulty of these scales is to establish a cut-off point that determines such mobile addiction. On the other hand, self-perception has been used in different addictions as a predictor of the problem. Aim: The objective of this study is to establish the cutting point in the scores of the SPAI scale validated in Spanish, using as a referent the self-perception of addiction values. Methods: A receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis was carried out, establishing as the cut-off point the one that presented a higher value of Youden J, indicative of its sensitivity and specificity. Results: 2598 participants from the university community completed the SPAI-Spain questionnaire. When using the self-perception of smartphone addiction as the benchmark value, a score of 44 has been established as the cutting point of the SPAI questionnaire, with a Youden J corresponding to 0.416. Conclusions: The implementation of a cut-off point of the SPAI questionnaire makes it an instrument that allows early identification of those individuals at risk of addiction as well as the establishment of preventive and/or intervention measures.
Slag Formation During Reduction of Iron Oxide Using Hydrogen Plasma Smelting Reduction
Authors: Naseri Seftejani Masab , Schenk Johannes , Spreitzer Daniel , Andreas Zarl Michael
Published: January 2020

Replacing carbon by hydrogen is a huge step towards reducing CO2 emissions in the iron- and steel-making industry. The reduction of iron oxides using hydrogen plasma smelting reduction as an alternative to conventional steel-making routes has been studied at Montanuniversitaet Leoben, Austria. The aim of this work was to study the slag formation during the reduction process and the reduction behaviour of iron oxides. Furthermore, the reduction behaviour of iron ore during continuous feeding was assessed. Mixtures of iron ore and calcined lime with a basicity of 0, 0.8, 1.6, 2.3, and 2.9 were melted and reduced by hydrogen. The off-gas composition was measured during the operations to calculate the process parameters. The reduction parameters, namely the degree of reduction, degree of hydrogen utilisation, produced iron, and slag, are presented. The results of the batch-charged experiments showed that at the beginning of the reduction process, the degree of hydrogen utilisation was high, and then, it decreased over the operation time. In contrast, during the continuous-feeding experiment, the degree of hydrogen utilisation could be kept approximately constant. The highest degrees of reduction and hydrogen utilisation were obtained upon the application of a slag with a basicity of 2.3. The experiment showed that upon the continuous feeding of iron ore, the best conditions for the reduction process using hydrogen could be applied.
Role of Nanoparticle-Polymer Interactions on the Development of Double-Network Hydrogel Nanocomposites with High Mechanical Strength
Authors: Chang Andrew , Babhadiashar Nasim , Barrett-Catton Emma , Asuri Prashanth
Published: January 2020

Extensive experimental and theoretical research over the past several decades has culminated in the understanding of the mechanisms behind nanoparticle-mediated enhancements on the mechanical properties of hydrogels. This information is not only crucial to realizing applications that directly benefit from developing hydrogels with high mechanical strength, but also to guide the development of strategies to further enhance hydrogel properties by combining different approaches. In our study, we investigated the effect of combining two approaches – addition of nanoparticles and crosslinking two different polymers (to create double-network hydrogels) – on the mechanical properties of hydrogels. Our studies revealed that these approaches may be combined to synthesize hydrogel composites with enhanced properties; however, both polymers in the double-network hydrogel must strongly interact with the nanoparticles to fully benefit from the addition of nanoparticles. Moreover, the concentration of hydrogel monomers used for the preparation of the double-network hydrogels had a significant effect on the extent of nanoparticle-mediated enhancements; double-network hydrogel nanocomposites prepared using lower monomer concentrations showed higher enhancements in elastic moduli compared to those prepared using high monomer concentrations. Collectively, these results demonstrate that the hypotheses previously developed to understand the role of nanoparticles on the mechanical properties of hydrogel nanocomposites may be extended to double-network hydrogel systems and guide the development of next generation hydrogels with extraordinary mechanical properties through a combination of orthogonal approaches.
Correlation between Functional Group and Formation of Nanoparticles in PEBAX/Ag Salt/Al Salt Complexes for Olefin Separation
Authors: Kim So Young , Cho Younghyun , Kang Sang Wook
Published: January 2020

PEBAX-2533/metal salt/Al salt membranes were prepared for mixed olefin/paraffin separation. PEBAX-2533 with 80% ether group and 20% amide group was suggested as the polymer matrix for comparison of separation performance according to the functional group ratio in copolymer PEBAX. In addition, Al salts were used to stabilize metal ions for a long time as additives. High permeance was expected with the proportion of high ether groups since these functional groups provided relatively permeable regions. As a result, the PEBAX-2533 composite membrane showed a selectivity of 5 (propylene/propane) with 10 GPU. However, the permeance of membrane was not unexpectedly improved and the selectivity was reduced. The result was analyzed by SEM, FT-RAMAN and TGA, including FT-IR. The reduction in separation performance was determined by FT-IR. From these results, in order to stabilize the metal ions interacting with the polymer through Al(NO3)3, it was concluded that specific ratio of amide group was needed in PEBAX as polymer matrix.
A Miniature Fibre-optic Raman Probe Fabricated by Ultrafast Laser Assisted Etching
Authors: Ross Calum A. , MacLachlan David G. , Smith Brian , Beck Rainer J. , Shephard Jonathan D. , Weston Nick , Thomson Robert R.
Published: January 2020

Optical biopsy describes a range of medical procedures in which light is used to investigate disease in the body, often in hard-to-reach regions via optical fibres. Optical biopsies can reveal a multitude of diagnostic information to aid therapeutic diagnosis and treatment with higher specificity and shorter delay than traditional surgical techniques. One specific type of optical biopsy relies on Raman spectroscopy to differentiate tissue types at the molecular level and has been used successfully to stage cancer. However, complex micro-optical systems are usually needed at the distal-end to optimise the signal-to-noise properties of the Raman signal collected. Manufacturing these devices remains a critical challenge, particularly in a way suitable for large scale adoption. In this paper, we describe a novel fibre-fed micro-optic system designed for efficient signal delivery and collection during a Raman spectroscopy based optical biopsy. Crucially, we fabricate the device using a direct-laser-writing technique known as ultrafast laser assisted etching which is scalable and allows components to be aligned passively. The Raman probe has a sub-millimetre diameter and offers confocal signal collection with 71.3 ± 1.5% collection efficiency over a 0.8 numerical aperture. Proof of concept spectral measurements were performed on mouse intestinal tissue and compared with results obtained using a commercial Raman microscope.
Building Mosque-Based Food Self-Sufficiency Through Paddy Infaq
Authors: Azis Muslim  , Mardhiatus Sa’diyah Febri
Published: January 2020

The essence of empowerment was to build community’s consciousness of recognizing the existing potency and to utilize such potency to deal with the problems encountered. Therefore, community empowerment is highly determined by the community itself, rather than by outsiders facilitating. This research aimed to describe concept, implementation, and output of food self-sufficiency development conducted by Geneng Hamlet people in Jambakan Village of Bayat Sub District of Klaten Regency in solving the problem faced. The research was conducted using qualitative approach. Data was explored using observation, in-depth interview, and documentation. Data analysis was conducted using an interactive technique. The result of research showed that the concept of dealing with food vulnerability during dry season was designed by submitting infaq to Al-Ikhlas mosque in the form of dry rice in each of harvest seasons. In implementation domain, this collected infaq was managed professionally through rice barn (lumbung) to be distributed to its jamaah (community) in the form of loan and sympathetic care. The output was very positive as it could suffice the need for food during dry season, people can access the resource needed, and rice barn could help the weak group and the meritorious people in Geneng Hamlet.
Institutional conditions for preparing critically reflective TEFL teachers in the PGDT Program of three Ethiopian universities
Authors: Danbi Roba , Tadesse Dereje
Published: January 2020

This paper assesses the role played by the institutional context in the preparation of critically reflective TEFL teachers in the Postgraduate Diploma in Teaching (PGDT) program of Dilla, Haramaya, and Hawasa Universities, Ethiopia. It examines the extent to which structured opportunities for reflection are used in the three institutions. A combination of quantitative and qualitative research methodologies was employed for collecting information regarding reflective practice in the PGDT program of the three universities. Multilevel mixed-method sampling techniques were utilized to select participants. Data were collected using questionnaires, semi-structured interviews and observation, and interpreted using simple statistical analysis and descriptive narrative approach. The study shows that most of the participants lack sufficient theoretical and practical knowledge of reflective practice. It shows that structured opportunities for reflection were not created for student teachers to practice reflection. The researchers, therefore, recommend that the government, curriculum designers, teacher education institution, and teacher educators create a common understanding about the goal of the program, and deliberately setup some structured opportunities to promote reflection in the institutions.
Controls On Deep-Water Sand Delivery Beyond the Shelf Edge: Accommodation, Sediment Supply, and Deltaic Process Regime
Authors: Paumard Victorien , Bourget Julien , Payenberg Tobi , George Annette D. , Ainsworth R. Bruce , Lang Simon , Posamentier Henry W.
Published: January 2020

Stratigraphic models typically predict accumulation of deep-water sands where coeval shelf-edge deltas are developed in reduced-accommodation and/or high-sediment-supply settings. On seismic data, these relationships are commonly investigated on a small number of clinothems, with a limited control on their lateral variability. Advanced full-volume seismic interpretation methods now offer the opportunity to identify high-order (i.e., 4th to 5th) seismic sequences (i.e., clinothems) and to evaluate the controls on shelf-to-basin sediment transfer mechanisms and deep-water sand accumulation at these high-frequency scales. This study focuses on the Lower Barrow Group (LBG), a shelf margin that prograded in the Northern Carnarvon Basin (North West Shelf, Australia) during the Early Cretaceous. Thanks to high-resolution 3D seismic data, 30 clinothems (average time span of ∼ 47,000 years) from the D. lobispinosum interval (142.3–140.9 Ma) are used to establish quantitative and statistical relationships between the shelf-margin architecture, paleoshoreline processes, and deep-water system types (i.e., quantitative 3D seismic stratigraphy). The results confirm that low values of rate of accommodation/rate of sediment supply (δA/δS) conditions on the shelf are associated with sediment bypass, whereas high δA/δS conditions are linked to increasing sediment storage on the shelf. However, coastal process regimes at the shelf edge play a more important role in the behavior of deep-water sand delivery. Fluvial-dominated coastlines are typically associated with steep slope gradients and more mature, longer run-out turbidite systems. In contrast, wave-dominated shorelines are linked to gentle slope gradients, with limited development of turbidite systems (except rare sheet sands and mass-transport deposits), where longshore drift currents contributed to shelf-margin accretion through the formation of extensive strandplains. In this context, reduced volumes of sand were transported offshore and mud belts were accumulated locally. This study highlights that variations from fluvial- to wave-dominated systems can result in significant lateral changes in shelf-margin architecture (i.e., slope gradient) and impact the coeval development of deep-water systems (i.e., architectural maturity). By integrating advanced tools in seismic interpretation, quantitative 3D seismic stratigraphy represents a novel approach in assessing at high resolution the controls on deep-water sand delivery, and potentially predicting the type and location of reservoirs in deep water based on the shelf-margin architecture and depositional process regime.
NUMERICAL MODELING OF LONG SHORE TRANSPORT RATE IN COASTAL STRUCTURE PLANNING
Authors: Ondara Koko , Khalil Hadhrat
Published: January 2020

Demak Regency is one of the regencies in the coastal region north of Central Java, which has a abrasion. The coastal area of Surodadi, Sayung Subdistrict, Demak Regency is one of the areas that experienced severe abrasion. The purpose of this study is to analyze the coastal dynamics that occur and design appropriate conservation and rehabilitation systems to reduce the impact of abrasion and coastal protection. This study uses primary data carried out at 2016. The analyzes carried out were wind, wave, tidal analysis, shoreline changes and analysis of recommendation structures. The protection scenorio plan uses two alternative structures namely breakwater and seawall. Analysis using a breakwater indicates that the results of sedimentation due to the structure are unsatisfactory. After 10 years, the breakwater produces ± 100 m sedimentation from the initial coastline. The modeling results show that the seawall can prevent further abrasion in the study site even if it does not cause sedimentation (except on the coastline that juts into the mainland).
Identification of QTL TGW12 responsible for grain weight in rice based on recombinant inbred line population crossed by wild rice (Oryza minuta) introgression line K1561 and indica rice G1025
Authors: Li Xiaoqiong , Wei Yu , Li Jun , Yang Fangwen , Chen Ying , Chen Yinghua , Guo Sibin , Sha Aihua
Published: January 2020

Background: Limited genetic resource in the cultivated rice may hinder further yield improvement. Some valuable genes that contribute to rice yield may be lost or lacked in the cultivated rice. Identification of the quantitative trait locus (QTL) for yield-related traits such as thousand-grain weight (TGW) from wild rice speices is desired for rice yield improvement. Results: In this study, sixteen TGW QTL were identified from a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from the cross between the introgression line K1561 of Oryza minuta and the rice cultivar G1025. TGW12 , One of most effective QTL was mapped to the region of 241.47 kb between the marker 2768345 and marker 2853491 of the specific locus amplified fragment (SLAF). The origin of TGW12 was tested using three markers nearby or within the TGW12 region, but not clarified yet. Our data indicated thirty-two open reading fragments (ORFs) were present in the region. RT-PCR analysis and sequence alignment showed that the coding domain sequences of ORF12 , one MADS-box gene, in G1025 and K1561 were different due to alternative slicing, which caused premature transcription termination. The MADS-box gene was considered as a candidate of TGW12 . Conclusion: The effective QTL, TGW12 , was mapped to a segment of 241.47 kb using RILs population and a MADS-box gene was identified among several candidate genes in the segment. The region of TGW12 should be further narrowed and creation of transgenic lines will reveal the gene function. TGW12 could be applied for improvement of TGW in breeding program.
Food Insecurity among Women of Reproductive Age in Nepal: Prevalence and Correlates
Authors: Pandey Shanta , Fusaro Vincent
Published: January 2020

Background:Food insecurity is widely prevalent in certain sections of society in low and middle-income countries. The United Nations has challenged all member countries to eliminate hunger for all people by 2030. This study examines the prevalence and correlates of household food insecurity among women, especially Dalit women of reproductive age in Nepal.Methods:Data came from2016 Nepal Demographic Health Survey,a cross-sectional, nationally representative survey that included 12,862 women between 15 and 49 years of age of which 12% were Dalit. Descriptive analysis was used to assess the prevalence of household food insecurity while logistic regression examined the relationship between women’s ethnicity and the risk of food insecurity after accounting for demographic, economic, cultural, and geo-ecological characteristics.Results:About 56% of all women and 76% of Dalit women had experienced food insecurity. Ethnicity is strongly related to food insecurity. Dalit women were most likely to be food insecure, even after accounting for factors such as education and wealth. They were 82%, 85%, 89% and 92% more vulnerable to food insecurity than Muslims, Brahmin/Chhetri,TeraiIndigenous, and Hill Indigenous populations, respectively. Education was a protective factor—women with secondary education (6thto 10thgrade) were 39% less likely to be food insecure compared to their counterparts without education. With a more than 10thgrade education, women were 2.27 times more likely to be food secure compared to their counterparts without education. Marriage was also protective. Economically, household wealth is inversely correlated with food insecurity. Finally, residence in the Mid-Western, Far-Western and Central Development regions was correlated with food insecurity.Conclusion:To reduce food insecurity in Nepal, interventions should focus on improving women’s education and wealth, especially among Dalit and those residing in the Far- and Mid-Western regions.
Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision and Sexual Practices among Sexually Active Circumcised Men in Mzuzu, Malawi: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Chatsika Zimveka Jones , Kumitawa Andrew , Samuel Vincent , Azizi Steven Chifundo , Jumbe Vincent C
Published: January 2020

Background: Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision (VMMC) is one of the strategies being promoted to prevent sexual heterosexual transmission of HIV. It has been adopted by 14 countries with high HIV prevalence and low circumcision rates. The 60% protective efficacy of VMMC has come with misconceptions in some societies in Malawi, hence VMMC clients may opt for risky sexual practices owing to its perceived protective effect. The study estimated proportion of circumcised men engaging in risky sexual behaviors post-VMMC, assessed knowledge on VMMC protective effect and identified socio-demographic factors associated with risky sexual practices.Method: A cross sectional study was conducted at two sites of Mzuzu city. Systematic random sampling was used to select 322 participants aged 18-49 who had undergone VMMC. The independent variables included age, location, occupation, religion, marital status and education. Outcome variables were non condom use, having multiple sexual partners and engaging in transactional sex. Data from questionnaires was analyzed using Pearson’s chi square test and logistic regression. Results: Out of 322 respondents, 84.8% (273) understood the partial protection offered by VMMC in HIV prevention. Ninety-six percent of the participants self-reported continued use of condoms post VMMC. Overall 23.7% - 38.3% participants self-reported engaging in risky sexual practices post VMMC, 23.7% (76) had more than one sexual partner; 29.2% (94) paid for sex while 39.9% (n=187) did not use a condom. Residing in high density areas was associated with non-condom use, (p = 0.043). Being single (p <0.001), and residing in low density areas (p = 0.004) was associated with engaging in transactional sex. Conclusion: Risky sexual practices are evident among participants that have undergone VMMC. Messages on safer sexual practices and limitations of VMMC need to be emphasized to clients, especially unmarried or single and those residing in low density areas.
Identification of two recessive etiolation genes (py1, py2) in pakchoi (Brassica rapa L. ssp. chinensis)
Authors: Zhang Kun , Mu Yu , Li Weijia , Shan Xiaofei , Wang Nan , Feng Hui
Published: January 2020

Background: Leaf color is a major agronomic trait, which has a strong influence on crop yields. Isolating leaf color mutants can represent valuable materials for research in chlorophyll biosynthesis and metabolism regulation. Results: In this study, we identified a stably inherited yellow leaf mutant derived from ‘Huaguan’ pakchoi variety via isolated microspore culture and designated as pylm. This mutant displayed yellow leaves after germination. Its etiolated phenotype was nonlethal and stable during the whole growth period. Its growth was weak and its hypocotyls were markedly elongated. Genetic analysis revealed that two recessive nuclear genes, named py1 and py2, are responsible for the etiolation phenotype. Bulked segregant RNA sequencing (BSR-Seq) showed that py1 and py2 were mapped on chromosomes A09 and A07, respectively. The genes were single Mendelian factors in F3:4 populations based on a 3:1 phenotypic segregation ratio. The py1 was localized to a 258.3-kb interval on a 34-gene genome. The differentially expressed gene BraA09004189 was detected in the py1 mapping region and regulated heme catabolism. One single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of BraA09004189 occurred in pylm. A candidate gene-specific SNP marker in 1,520 F3:4 yellow-colored individuals co-segregated with py1. For py2, 1,860 recessive homozygous F3:4 individuals were investigated and localized py2 to a 4.4-kb interval. Of the five genes in this region, BraA07001774 was predicted as a candidate for py2. It encoded an embryo defective 1187 and a phosphotransferase related to chlorophyll deficiency and hypocotyl elongation. One SNP of BraA07001774 occurred in pylm. It caused a single amino acid mutation from Asp to Asn. According to quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), BraA07001774 was downregulated in pylm. Conclusions: Our study identified a Chl deficiency mutant pylm in pakchoi. Two recessive nuclear genes named py1 and py2 had a significant effect on etiolation. Candidate genes regulating etiolation were identified as BraA09004189 and BraA07001774, respectively. These findings will elucidate chlorophyll metabolism and the molecular mechanisms of the gene interactions controlling pakchoi etiolation. Keywords: Brassica rapa,·BSR-Seq,·etiolation mutant,·genetic mapping
First line in psychiatric emergency: Pre-hospital emergency protocol for mental disorders in Iran
Authors: Shirzad Fatemeh , Hadi Fateme , Mortazavi Seyede Salehe , Biglari Maryam , Sari Hassan Noori , Mohammadi Zeinab , Atoofi Mehrdad Kazemzade , Shariat Seyed Vahid
Published: January 2020

Introduction: This article is a report of designing a rapid and effective guide for paramedics who take care of patients in a pre-hospital setting to answer developing demands.Methods: The relevant literature was reviewed, and the topics were extracted. Then, the extracted items were discussed in an expert panel. Finally, items were discussed in a meeting including emergency technicians and emergency technical assistants to identify implementation problems. Results: Important topics for managing psychiatric patients were categorized at three levels: 1) Patient safety and security issues, 2) Patient status assessment and diagnosis, and 3) Patient management (medical, behavioral management, and referral to a treatment center). Discussion: This protocol can be a solution to improve emergency technician training. Such summarized protocols can be used for rapid review immediately before exposing a patient with an acute psychiatric condition. Due to specific cultural and different access to medicines in Iran, some issues are different.
Genomic measures of inbreeding coefficients and genome-wide scan for runs of homozygosity islands in Iranian river buffalo, Bubalus bubalis
Authors: Ghoreishifar Seyed Mohammad , Moradi-Shahrbabak Hossein , Fallahi Mohammad Hossein , Sarghale Ali Jalil , Moradi-Shahrbabak Mohammad , Abdollahi-Arpanahi Rostam , Khansefid Majid
Published: January 2020

Background: Consecutive homozygous fragments of a genome inherited by offspring from a common ancestor are known as runs of homozygosity (ROH). ROH can be used to calculate genomic inbreeding and to identify genomic regions that are potentially under historical selection pressure. The dataset of our study consisted of 254 Azeri (AZ) and 115 Khuzestani (KHZ) river buffalo genotyped for ~65000 SNPs for the following two purposes: 1) to estimate and compare inbreeding calculated using ROH (FROH), excess of homozygosity (FHOM), correlation between uniting gametes (FUNI), and diagonal elements of the genomic relationship matrix (FGRM); 2) to identify frequently occurring ROH (i.e. ROH islands) for our selection signature and gene enrichment studies. Results: In this study, 9102 ROH were identified, with an average number of 21.2±13.1 and 33.2±15.9 segments per animal in AZ and KHZ breeds, respectively. On average in AZ, 4.35% (108.8±120.3 Mb), and in KHZ, 5.96% (149.1±107.7 Mb) of the genome was autozygous. The estimated inbreeding values based on FHOM, FUNI and FGRM were higher in AZ than they were in KHZ, which was in contrast to the FROH estimates. We identified 11 ROH islands (four in AZ and seven in KHZ). In the KHZ breed, the genes located in ROH islands were enriched for multiple Gene Ontology (GO) terms (P≤0.05). The genes located in ROH islands were associated with diverse biological functions and traits such as body size and muscle development (BMP2), immune response (CYP27B1), milk production and components (MARS, ADRA1A, and KCTD16), coat colour and pigmentation (PMEL and MYO1A), reproductive traits (INHBC, INHBE, STAT6 and PCNA), and bone development (SUOX). Conclusion: The calculated FROH was in line with expected higher inbreeding in KHZ than in AZ because of the smaller effective population size of KHZ. Thus, we find that FROH can be used as a robust estimate of genomic inbreeding. Further, the majority of ROH peaks were overlapped with or in close proximity to the previously reported genomic regions with signatures of selection. This tells us that it is likely that the genes in the ROH islands have been subject to artificial or natural selection.
Transcriptome analysis reveals the GRAS family in Salvia miltiorrhiza hairy roots in response to gibberellin
Authors: Li Wenrui , Liu Chuangfeng , Liu Jingling , Bai Zhenqing , Liang Zongsuo
Published: January 2020

Background: Salvia miltiorrhiza is one of the most important traditional Chinese medicinal plants with high medicinal value. Gibberellins are growth-promoting phytohormones that regulate numerous growth and developmental processes. However, their role in regulating secondary metabolism has not been investigated. Results: In this study, we found that GA can promote hairy roots growth and increase the content of tanshinones and phenolic acids. Transcriptome sequencing revealed that secondary metabolism pathway genes were enriched in the GA-responded. After further analysis of the changes of GA signaling pathway genes, it was found that the GRAS transcription factors family had a significant response to GA. We identified 35 SmGRAS genes in S. miltiorrhiza. SmGRAS genes can be divided into ten subfamilies in which members of the same subfamily showed similar conserved motifs and gene structures, suggesting the possible conserved functions.Conclusions: Most SmGRAS genes are significantly responsive to GA, indicating that they may play an important role in the GA signaling pathway and participate in GA regulation of root growth and secondary metabolism in S. miltiorrhiza.
Targeted sequencing of the short arm of chromosome 6V of a wheat relative Haynaldia villosa for marker development and gene mining
Authors: Xiao Jin , Wan Wentao , Li Mengli , Yu Zhongyu , Zhang Xu , Liu Jia , Holušová Kateřina , Vrána Jan , Doležel Jaroslav , Wu Yufeng , Wang Haiyan , Wang Xiue
Published: January 2020

Background: Short arm of chromosome 6V (6VS) of Haynaldia villosa has been used in wheat breeding programs to introduce Pm21 resistance gene against powdery mildew and some other genes. Results: In this work, 6VS was isolated from a wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) - 6VS telosome addition line by flow cytometric sorting and sequenced by illumina technology. The assembly length was 230.39 Mb with contig N50 of 9,788 bp. The sequence annotation identified 3,276 high confidence genes supported by RNA sequencing data, representing about 2.3% of the chromosome arm sequence; repetitive elements accounted for 74.91% of the arm sequence. Sequences homologous to 6VS genes were identified on short arms of chromosomes 6A of T. urartu , 6D of Aegilops tauschii , 6A and 6B of T. dicoccoides , 6A, 6B and 6D of T. aestivum and 6H of Hordeum vulgare , revealing synteny relationships among these chromosome arms. Based on differences in intron size between the homologous genes on 6VS and 6AS/6BS/6DS of T. aestivum , 222 primer pairs were designed. Out of them, 120 amplified 6VS-specific products and are suitable as intron-target (IT) markers to trace the 6VS chromatin introduced into wheat. Conclusions: The results obtained and markers developed in this work will facilitate introduction of important genes to common wheat from its wild relative, while reducing the presence of unfavorable genes due to linkage drag.
Yeasts from rumen of adult Zebu cows and fermentations of lignocellulosic materials
Authors: Duarte Eduardo Robson , Lima Sabrina Miranda , Nere Jualiane Costa , Maia Higor Alexandre Rodrigues , Freitas Claudio Eduardo Silva , Júlio Aline Daniela Lopes , Abrão Flavia Oliveria , Santos Vera Lúcia dos , Silva Júnio Cota
Published: January 2020

BackgroundCommercial yeast strains are a promising alternative to chemical additives in ruminants; but are not self to the rumen ecosystem. In this study, the aim was to identify and evaluate the growth, mass production, and enzymatic activity of yeast strains naturally isolated from bovine rumen in submerged fermentations containing roughages with high concentration of lignocellulose. An experiment was initially conducted to compare the degradation of Urochloa decumbens (UD) hay or sugarcane bagasse (SB) by eight yeast isolates and a control without microorganisms. Subsequently, further experiments were performed to compare the degradation of the two substrates by two yeast strains (V5 and V62) selected (from the eight used in the initial screen) and a control without microorganisms for four different fermentation periods. Results Among the identified strains, Pichia kudriavzevii was the most common, followed by Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and Candida tropicalis. The strain (V5 R. mucilaginosa ) showed higher mass production than other strains of this specie in fermentations with UD (P<0.05). The V5 and V10 and V62 ( Pichia kudriavzevii ) promoted a higher rate of dry matter (DM) reduction of UD than other yeast and strain V5 was the most efficient in dry matter reduction of SB (P <0.05). The V5 and V62 were selected for analyzes of enzyme production, that showed V5 reducing ph at 96 h of fermentation and V62 and V5 increasing pectinase activate at 96 hs of fermentation. However, these isolates did not exhibit expressive xylanase activity under the evaluated fermentation conditions. Conclusion The strain V5 promoted the highest dry matter reduction of sugarcane bagasse and U. decumbens, showing significative yeast biomass production. This yeast and the V62 strain increased the pectinase activities at 96 h of fermentation of U. decumbens showing potential of industrial application and for animal diets. Additionally, V5 strain would be selected and represent potential probiotic for cattle raised in tropical pasture
Pseudoscorpion Wolbachia symbionts: Diversity and Evidence for a New Supergroup S
Authors: Lefoulon Emilie , Clark Travis , Borveto Fanni , Perriat-Sanguinet Marco , Moulia Catherine , Slatko Barton , Gavotte Laurent
Published: January 2020

Background Wolbachia are the most widely spread endosymbiotic bacteria, present in a wide variety of insects and two families of nematodes, but so far, relatively little genomic data is available. The Wolbachia symbiont can be a parasite, as described for many arthropods, or an obligate mutualist, as in filarial nematodes. Although, the nature of these symbioses remains largely unknown, diverse Wolbachia genomic data will contribute to understanding their diverse symbiotic mechanisms. Results Our study focuses on Wolbachia infections in pseudoscorpion species collected in Montpellier (France) and indicates two distinct groups of Wolbachia : Geogarypus minor harbors Wolbachia ( w Gmin) and Chthonius ischnocheles harbors Wolbachia ( w Cisc), both related to supergroup H and Atemnus politus harbours Wolbachia ( w Apol), forming a novel divergent clade with Wolbachia from the pseudoscorpion Cordylochernes scorpioides . This later clade forms a new supergroup S, most closely related to Wolbachia supergroups C and F. Our data suggest multiple symbiont acquisition events within the evolutionary history of pseudoscorpions. Using target enrichment by hybridization with Wolbachia -specific biotinylated probes to capture large fragments of Wolbachia DNA, we produced a draft genome of w Apol characterized by a moderate Wolbachia size (1,445,964bp) containing a moderate number of transposable elements and WO bacteriophage insertions (total of 77,522 bp). Conclusions Our analyses indicate that w Apol forms a diverget clade. Annotation highlights complete biochemical pathways which are incomplete in many sequenced Wolbachia genomes, such as vitamin B and the cytochrome bd ubiquinol oxidase pathway. Further, the biotin operon appears to have been horizontally transferred multiple times along the Wolbachia evolutionary history.
Masticatory function and nutritional status in institutionalized elderly: influence of denture use
Authors: Wanderley Rayssa Lucena , Filho Francisco Naldo Gomes , Bonifácio Maryana Fernanda Rocha , Freire Aldelany Ramalho , Oliveira Luiz Fabrício Santos de , Medeiros Mariana Marinho Davino de , Garcia Renata Cunha Matheus Rodrigues , Cavalcanti Yuri Wanderley
Published: January 2020

Background: Institutionalized elderly has been reported to poorer oral health status and this could compromise the general health of those individuals. Objective: To evaluate the influence of tooth loss and the use of removable dentures on chewing function and nutritional status of institutionalized elderly. Methodology: Cross-sectional study with 155 elderly from seven long-stay institutions in João Pessoa - PB, from December 2018 to August 2019. The elderly were classified according to the presence of reminesncent teeth and use of dentures in four levels: toothless, without denture (1); toothless with complete denture (2); partial toothless without denture (3) and partial toothless with partial denture (4). Nutritional status was assessed using the Mini-Nutritional Assessment (MNA) instrument and the Body Mass Index (BMI). Swallowing threshold was used for assessment of masticatory function, using a portion of roasted peanuts (3,7g). Comparisons among groups were performed using Kruskal-Wallis test with Bonferroni adjustment, considering p<0.05. Results: MNA (p = 0.702) and BMI (p = 0.884) were not modified in relation to the presence of teeth and denture use. Toothless individuals without dentures had lower swallowing threshold (p <0.001), whilst partial toothless with dentures had better masticatory function (p>0.05). Conclusion: The presence of reminiscent teeth and the use of dentures do not influence the nutritional status of the elderly, but interfere with the masticatory function. Prosthetic rehabilitation is desirable for complete toothless individuals.
Mapping lymphatic filariasis in Loa loa endemic health districts naïve for ivermectin mass administration and situated in the forested zone of Cameroon.
Authors: Beng Andrew A , Esum Mathias E , Deribe Kebede , Njouendou Abdel J , Ndongmo Patrick WC , Abong Raphael A , Fru Jerome , Fombad Fanny F , Nchanji Gordon T , Amambo Glory , Gandjui Narcisse TV , Biholong Benjamin , Ayissi Georges Nko , Mbia Patrick , Akame Julie , Enyong Peter I , Reid Steven D. , Tougoue Jean J. , Zhang Yaobi , Wanji Samuel
Published: January 2020

Background The control of lymphatic filariasis (LF) caused by Wuchereria bancrofti in the Central African Region has been hampered by the presence of Loa loa due to severe adverse events that arise in the treatment with ivermectin. The immunochromatographic test (ICT) cards used for mapping LF demonstrated cross-reactivity with L. loa and posed the problem of delineating the LF map. To verify LF endemicity in forest areas of Cameroon where mass drug administration (MDA) has not been ongoing, we used the recently developed strategy that combined serology, microscopy and molecular techniques. Methods This study was carried out in 124 communities in 31 health districts (HDs) where L. loa is present. At least 125 persons per site were screened. Diurnal blood samples were investigated for circulating filarial antigen (CFA) by FTS and for L. loa microfilariae (mf) using TBF. FTS positive individuals were further subjected to night blood collection for detecting W . bancrofti . qPCR was used to detect DNA of the parasites. Results Overall, 14,446 individuals took part in this study, 233 participants tested positive with FTS in 29 HDs, with positivity rates ranging from 0.0% to 8.2%. No W . bancrofti mf was found in the night blood of any individuals but L. loa mf were found in both day and night blood of participants who were FTS positive. Also, qPCR revealed that no W. bancrofti but L.loa DNA was found with dry bloodspot. Positive FTS results were strongly associated with high L. loa mf load. Similarly, a strong positive association was observed between FTS positivity and L loa prevalence. Conclusions Using a combination of parasitological and molecular tools, we were unable to find evidence of W. bancrofti presence in the 31 HDs, but L. loa instead. Therefore, LF is not endemic and LF MDA is not required in these districts.
Confidence to Enquire HIV and AIDS Status of Sexual Partner Before Having Had Sexual Intercourse
Authors: Aloni Mbwiga Sote , Kapinga Orestes Silverius
Published: January 2020

BackgroundThe Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) deteriorates the human defence virus. The method used to detect the initial infection of HIV in the body is through diagnosis. The global data show the number of people receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) has increased to about 24.5 million people in 2019. An increase in the use of ART has resulted into decline in deaths associated with AIDS. Number of people living with HIV is reported to grow annually. This study identified the demographic and sexual behaviour factors affecting confidence of enquiring the HIV/AIDS status of sex partner prior to sexual intercourse.MethodA retrospective data collected in Makete and Lushoto Districts in 2017 were analysed. Confidence to enquire HIV/AIDS status before having sexual intercourse was the outcome variable with category ‘YES and ‘NO’. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify the magnitude of association between variables. The analysis were performed using STATA (14) statistical software. ResultsOverall percentage on confidence in enquiring the HIV/AIDS status of sex partner prior to sexual intercourse was 83.8%. This was 85.1% and 81.7% in Makete and Lushoto districts. The odds of respondents with confidence in enquiring the HIV/AIDS status of sex partner was 1.58 times more likely among those with age 35 to 44 years compared to those with age 24 and below (cOR=1.58, p=0.002), and it is 2.9 times higher among those with secondary and higher education than respondents who have never gone to school (cOR=2.9, p= 0.003). Respondents with good knowledge of ABCD were 2.91 times higher to be confident in enquiring the HIV/AIDS status of sex partner prior to sexual intercourse than those with poor knowledge of ABCD (OR=2.91, p=0.049). ConclusionFactors observed to influence confidence of enquiring the HIV/AIDS status of a sex partner prior to sexual intercourse includes age, level of education and combined knowledge of ABCD. Awareness of HIV/AIDS status of a sex partner is inevitable especially in situation where the unprotected sexual intercourse is likely. More studies are needed to link confidence of enquiring the HIV/AIDS status and prevention method used when sex partner has declared to be HIV positive
Toxicity of Zirconia oxide Nanoparticles: Liver Biodistribution and Liver Damages
Authors: Sun Ting , Ou Lingling , Zhan Xiaozhen , Zhao Wenxin , Huang Rui , Feng Xiaoli , Liu Jia , Yin Suhan , Liu Xiangning , Lai Renfa , Shao Longquan
Published: January 2020

Background: Zirconia nanoparticles (ZrO2-NPs) have been increasingly used in industrial, biomedical and dental materials. However, the scientific basis for the toxicological effects of ZrO2-NPs is poorly elucidated, and the understanding of the underlying mechanism is still limited. Results: The hepatic biodistribution and toxicological effects of ZrO2-NPs after intravenous administration (20mg/kg bw) in vivo and the toxicological mechanism toward hepatocytes in vitro were investigated. The liver showed continuous ZrO2-NP accumulations liver over a 28-d period. Moreover, ZrO2-NPs induced oxidative stress and increased inflammatory responses and functional injury in the liver. Hepasteatosis and cell death were observed in histopathological and immunohistochemical studies. RNA-seq identified the main pathways involved in the metabolism, cellular process, and human diseases. The RT-qPCR analysis results showed that ZrO2-NP exposure caused the upregulation of P53, Foxo1, Gadd45g, P21, Caspase3, and PPARα and the downregulation of Igfbp2 and Akt in the liver in response to the ZrO2-NP treatment. Meanwhile, the results of the in vitro studies demonstrated that ZrO2-NPs exposure resulted in cytotoxicity in Hepg2 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. ZrO2-NPs were proven to induce oxidative stress, lipid accumulation, cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis to Hepg2 cells. Western-blot analysis further proved the depression of Igfbp2, activation of Akt-mediated signaling pathway and P53-mediated signaling pathway for Hepg2 cells exposure to ZrO2-NPs. Conclusions: This study proves that ZrO2-NPs have negative impacts on the liver and exhibit potential risks for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). There is potential concern over ZrO2-NPs' hepatoxicity in biomedical applications and occupational exposure through large-scale production.
A new tetra-plex fluorimetric assay for the quantification of cerebrospinal fluid β-amyloid42, total-tau, phospho-tau and α-synuclein in the differential diagnosis of neurodegenerative dementia.
Authors: Lucena Daniela Diaz , Escaramis Geòrgia , Villar-Piqué Anna , Hermann Peter , Schmitz Matthias , Varges Daniela , Santana Isabel , Rio José Antonio del , Martí Eulàlia , Ferrer Isidre , Baldeiras Inês , Zerr Inga , Llorens Franc
Published: January 2020

Background Differential diagnosis of neurodegenerative dementia is currently supported by biomarkers including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tests. Among them, CSF total-tau (t-tau), phosphorylated tau (p-tau) and β-amyloid42 (Aβ42) are considered core biomarkers of neurodegeneration. In the present work, we hypothesize that simultaneous assessment of these biomarkers together with CSF α-synuclein (α-syn) will significantly improve the differential diagnostic of Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias. To that aim, we characterized the analytical and clinical performance of a new tetra-plex immunoassay that simultaneously quantifies CSF Aβ42, t-tau, p-tau and α-syn in the differential diagnosis of neurodegenerative dementia. Methods Biomarkers’ concentrations were measured in neurological controls (n=38), Alzheimer’s disease (n=35), Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (n=37), vascular dementia (n=28), dementia with Lewy bodies/Parkinson’s disease dementia (n=27) and frontotemporal dementia (n=34) using the new tetra-plex assay and established single-plex assays. Biomarker’s performance was evaluated and diagnostic accuracy in the discrimination of diagnostic groups was determined using partial least squares discriminant analysis. Results The tetra-plex assay presented accuracies similar to individual single-plex assays with acceptable analytical performance. Significant correlations were observed between tetra-plex and single-plex assays. Using partial least squares discriminant analysis, Alzheimer’s disease and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease were well-differentiated, reaching high accuracies in the discrimination from the rest of diagnostic groups. Conclusions The new tetra-plex assay coupled with multivariate analytical approaches becomes a valuable asset for the differential diagnosis of neurodegenerative dementia and related applications.