bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rethinking Slum Planning: A Comparative Study of Slum Upgrading Projects
Authors: Sibyan Istifada Alhidayatus
Published: April 2020

The stigma slums have of being an urban problem is influenced by theoretical and empirical knowledge. This article reports a comparative study on the failure and success of slum upgrading projects in the Gecekondu slum area in Ankara, Turkey and the Semanggi slum area in Surakarta, Indonesia. In both cases there were different orientations and approaches in planning influenced by the perspective on slums. Related to the result of the study, this article offers at least three key perspectives to understand slums in the context of urban planning. Slum upgrading projects are not always about space formalization, physical improvement, or economic enhancement. Slum upgrading projects are also about community empowerment and social transformation contributing to urban development. The success of a slum upgrading project depends on the approach and perspective toward these urban issues within the local context. Different methods and focuses could result in different outcomes of the project. As such, those differences should be taken into account in the planning process.Abstrak. Stigma permukiman kumuh sebagai masalah perkotaan dapat dipengaruhi oleh pengetahuan yang bersumber dari teori dan pengetahuan empiris. Artikel ini adalah studi komparatif yang mencoba menggambarkan kegagalan dan keberhasilan proyek peningkatan permukiman kumuh dalam kasus daerah kumuh Gecekondu di Ankara, Turki dan daerah kumuh Semanggi di Surakarta, Indonesia. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa ada berbagai orientasi dan pendekatan dalam perencanaan. Perbedaan-perbedaan ini dipengaruhi oleh perspektif terhadap kumuh dalam perencanaan. Terkait dengan hasilnya, artikel ini menawarkan setidaknya tiga perspektif kunci untuk memahami daerah kumuh dalam konteks perencanaan kota. Proyek peningkatan permukiman kumuh tidak selalu tentang formalisasi ruang, peningkatan fisik atau peningkatan ekonomi. Selain itu, proyek perbaikan permukiman kumuh adalah tentang pemberdayaan masyarakat dan transformasi sosial yang berkontribusi terhadap pembangunan perkotaan. Keberhasilan proyek peningkatan permukiman kumuh tergantung pada pendekatan dan perspektif konteks lokal terhadap masalah perkotaan ini. Berbagai metode dan fokus dapat menghasilkan berbagai hasil proyek. Dengan demikian, perbedaan-perbedaan tersebut harus diperhitungkan dalam proses perencanaan.Kata kunci. Perspektif, perencanaan, pendekatan perencanaan, orientasi perencanaan, daerah kumuh.
Long-Term Adherence and Maintenance of Benefits in Pulmonary Rehabilitation
Authors: Sahin Hulya
Published: April 2020

Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is a comprehensive intervention in chronic lung diseases, including personalized special therapies, exercise training, education and behavioral changes to improve the physical and psychological status of the patients, and aims to promote behavior that helps improve health status in the long term. A personalized PR program administered by a multidisciplinary team is recently considered a standard and complementary treatment method in chronic lung diseases. After the PR program, dyspnea of COPD patients decreases and their exercise capacities increase. Their daily life activities and physical activities increase. Their functional dependence decreases and quality of life increases. It presents a perfect opportunity to provide self-management and independence for the patients and improve their quality of life. Studies have shown that, unless there is a structured maintenance program, after an average of 6–12 months following PR programs, the gains that are realized start to decrease. Decrease of gains due to causes like a decrease in compliance to exercises, disease progress, attacks and co-morbidities. Causes such as decreased compliance to exercise, progression of the disease, attacks and comorbidities play a role in reducing gains. Especially in advanced age and in the presence of severe disease, the gain in exercise tolerance is lost more rapidly. The methods used and the results obtained to ensure the continuation of the gains differ.
Data Mining in Banking Sector Using Weighted Decision Jungle Method
Authors: Birant Derya
Published: April 2020

Classification, as one of the most popular data mining techniques, has been used in the banking sector for different purposes, for example, for bank customer churn prediction, credit approval, fraud detection, bank failure estimation, and bank telemarketing prediction. However, traditional classification algorithms do not take into account the class distribution, which results into undesirable performance on imbalanced banking data. To solve this problem, this paper proposes an approach which improves the decision jungle (DJ) method with a class-based weighting mechanism. The experiments conducted on 17 real-world bank datasets show that the proposed approach outperforms the decision jungle method when handling imbalanced banking data.
Strengthening of High-Alloy Steel through Innovative Heat Treatment Routes
Authors: Kisku Nicky
Published: April 2020

Heat treatment route is an important route for the development of high-strength alloy steel. Many heat treatment processes are applied depending on alloy compositions and desired mechanical properties. There are various high-strength alloy steels, namely, austenitic stainless steel (16–26 wt%Cr, 0.07–0.15 wt%C, 8–10 wt%Ni, rest Fe), where the heat treatment adopted is the low-temperature plasma nitriding so as to achieve a strength in a range of 800–1000 MPa. In twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) steel (>20 wt%Mn, <1 wt%C, <3 wt%Si, <3 wt%Al, rest Fe), high-temperature thermomechanical heat treatment provides a strength greater than 1000 MPa. High-speed steel (18 wt%W, 4 wt%Cr, 1 wt%V, 0.7 wt%C, 5–8 wt%Co, rest Fe) suits best for high-speed machining purpose, owing to secondary hardening. Besides, high-temperature annealing is performed with majorly ferritic structure to achieve a maximum bending strength of 4700 MPa. Furthermore, in Hadfield steel (11–14 wt%Mn, 1–1.4 wt%C), a fully austenitic phase is obtained with a strength level of 1000 MPa. High-alloy tool steel (5 wt%Mo, 6 wt%W, 4 wt%Cr, 0.3 wt%Si, 1 wt%V, rest Fe) is provided with austenitizing, quenching, and tempering treatment to achieve a maximum hardness of 1200–1400 HV.
Natural Radioactive Decay
Authors: H. Elaraby Entesar
Published: April 2020

This chapter is primarily concerned with natural radioactive decay. Generally speaking, there are two types of natural radioactive decays: alpha decays “which contain two neutrons and two protons” emitted from radon gas; additionally, nuclear decay by emission of photons (γ-decay). This chapter aims to describe γ and alpha loss of nuclei and demonstrates how to measure the radioactive material naturally using solid-state nuclear track detector (SSNTD) and high purity Germanium detector (HPGD). Also, methods of measuring the different characteristics of the alpha particle using the track profile technique (TPT) will be presented. Finally, results will be presented in the alpha and radon measurements. The concentration of aerosols has attracted much attention by many researchers in the past decade. Research has shown that aerosols are responsible for harmful chemical reactions that lead to the physical degradation of the stratospheric ozone layer. Moreover, aerosols increase the risk of developing cancer in humans when inhaled in large proportions. Therefore, neutron activation analysis (NAA) is a very important application to measure these concentrations.
Dynamics of Rayleigh-Taylor Instability in Plasma Fluids
Authors: Singh Sukhmander
Published: April 2020

The chapter discusses the evolution of Rayleigh-Taylor instability (RTI) in ordinary fluids and in a plasma fluid. RT instability exits in many situations from overturn of the outer portion of the collapsed core of a massive star to laser implosion of deuterium-tritium fusion targets. In the mixture of fluids, the instability is triggered by the gravitational force acting on an inverted density gradient. The motivation behind the study of the instability has been explored by discussing the applications of RT instability. The basic magnetohydrodynamics equations are used to derive the dispersion relation (for an ordinary fluid and plasmas) for two fluids of unequal densities. The conditions of the growth rate of the instability and the propagating modes are obtained by linearizing the fluid equations. The perturbed potential is found to increase with the plasma parameters in a Hall thruster.
Epigenetics of Circadian Rhythm Disruption in Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Škrlec Ivana
Published: April 2020

Circadian rhythm influences the regulation of homeostasis and physiological processes, and its disruption could lead to metabolic disorders and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). CVDs are still the dominant cause of death worldwide, which are related to numerous environmental and hereditary risk factors. Environmental and hereditary factors can clarify a small fraction of the CVD risk discrepancy. Epigenomics is a very bright strategy that will complement the knowledge of the genetic basis of CVDs. Epigenetic mechanisms allow cells to reply promptly to environmental changes and include DNA methylation, histone modification, and noncoding RNA alterations. According to research data, the circadian rhythm regulates many epigenetic regulators. The challenge is to understand how epigenetic events happen rhythmically in tissues that are involved in the development of CVDs. Epigenetic events are possibly reversible through their interface with environmental and nutritional factors, allowing innovative preventive and therapeutic strategies in cardiovascular diseases.
The Effect of Writing Therapy on Anxiety in Pregnant Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Montazeri Maryam , Esmaeilpour Khalil , Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi Sakineh , Golizadeh Sevda , Mirghafourvand Mojgan
Published: April 2020

Background: As one of the most enjoyable life experiences, pregnancy may be accompanied by many physiological and psychological changes that make women susceptible to developing mental disorders such as anxiety. Non-pharmacological methods such as writing therapy are among the ways to deal with anxiety. Objectives: The present study aimed to determine the effect of writing therapy on anxiety in women during pregnancy. Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted on 70 pregnant women with a gestational age between 28 - 31 weeks. The participants were assigned to an intervention group and a control group using a randomized block design. The intervention group received three in-person writing therapy-based counseling sessions and two telephone calls between the sessions, while the control group received routine pregnancy care. The Beck anxiety inventory was completed before and six weeks after the intervention. Independent t-test and ANCOVA were used for data analysis. Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of socio-demographic variables and baseline anxiety scores. Based on ANCOVA with baseline score adjustment, the mean score of anxiety was significantly lower in the intervention group than in the control group after the intervention (adjusted mean difference = -6.8; 95%CI = -4.5 to -9.1; P < 0.001). Conclusions: According to the results, writing therapy can reduce anxiety in pregnant women; however, further studies are needed before a definitive conclusion.
Emma’s Negotiation of Number: Implicit Intensive Intervention
Authors: Hunt Jessica , Silva Juanita
Published: April 2020

We investigated the extent to which one elementary school child with ­working-memory differences made sense of number as a composite unit and advanced her reasoning. Through ongoing and retrospective analysis of eight teaching-experiment sessions, we uncovered four shifts in the child’s real-time negotiation of number over time: (a) initial “2s” and symmetry to consider counting on, (b) participatory awareness of 10 and use of algorithmic knowledge, (c) break apart and growing anticipation of tacit counting, and (d) advanced participatory tacit double counting. The results suggest a possible link between the child’s participatory knowledge and the extent to which her enacted activity met her goals for solving the problem more than her current “knowing.” The implications regarding a possible proof of concept toward implicit, intensive instruction are shared.
Inventário de mamíferos não voadores da reserva particular do patrimônio natural Mata da Serra (ES)
Authors: Bissa Luan Gonçalves , Rabello Helimar , Fiorese Caio Henrique Ungarato , Silva Filho Gilson , Teixeira Cíntia Cristina Lima , Bindeli Gabrielli Machado
Published: April 2020

A Mata Atlântica estende-se do Rio Grande do Norte até o Rio Grande do Sul na faixa litorânea. Ela pode ser dividida em dois corpos: Floresta Litorânea e Floresta de Montanha. Ambas possuem um grande número de endemismos e são detentoras de uma altíssima biodiversidade e de um valioso banco genético. O estabelecimento de Unidades de Conservação em áreas remanescentes deste bioma tem se tornado uma das principais estratégias para a manutenção da biodiversidade. Além da criação dessas unidades, também é necessário que sejam realizados estudos que estabeleçam a real situação de conservação ambiental das mesmas, colaborando para o aumento do conhecimento da biologia das espécies integrantes destas áreas. O objetivo deste estudo foi inventariar os mamíferos existentes na RPPN Mata da Serra, no município de Vargem Alta, Espírito Santo, como forma de subsidiar a criação de um Plano de Manejo da área e outras melhorias para a mesma. Em um período de 11 meses de campo (de setembro de 2012 a agosto de 2013), foram registrados 107 animais, divididos em 15 espécies de mamíferos não voadores e distribuídas em 05 ordens e 11 famílias. Das espécies registradas, três estão ameaçadas de extinção. Os resultados obtidos ressaltam a importância das unidades de conservação, mesmo aquelas de área relativamente pequena, para conectividade a manutenção e preservação da biodiversidade. Indicam que a RPPN Mata da Serra é um refúgio importante para espécies de mamíferos não voadores da região. Este trabalho contribuiu para o desenvolvimento do Plano de Manejo da área, sobretudo no tocante ao zoneamento da unidade, a ações de reflorestamento e de educação ambiental com os visitantes e vizinhos da unidade.
Produção de sabão derivado do óleo vegetal: o caso da UEPA Marabá, Pará
Authors: Freitas Stephanie Jael Negrão de , Brito Renan Alves , Barroso Railson Miranda , Silva José Antônio de Castro e , Amorim Islia Lima de Sousa , Cabral Ana Carla Leite Carvalho , Gandra Amanda Lorenna Feio
Published: April 2020

O descarte inadequado do óleo de cozinha residual utilizado em residências e ainda em estabelecimentos comerciais como restaurantes e lanchonetes tornou se um agravante da poluição devido a sua 'invalidez' pós uso. No Brasil, de acordo com a Associação Brasileira das Indústrias de Óleos Vegetais - ABIOVE, a produção de óleo de cozinha em 2016 foi de 7.885 mil toneladas; a projeção segundo a mesma, para o ano de 2017 é de 8.200 mil toneladas de óleo de soja. Este trabalho sugere a alternativa da produção e análise laboratorial do sabão ecológico como uma forma de reciclagem do óleo de cozinha residual coletado na lanchonete da Universidade do Estado Pará, no campus VIII (Marabá), bem como, a divulgação do trabalho à comunidade por meio de oficinas como uma forma de sustentabilidade e educação ambiental. Para o desenvolvimento do trabalho, coletou se 10 litros do material proveniente da fritura durante um período de 20 dias, que serviram de base para se obter uma média diária do óleo de cozinha residual gerado. Houve a produção para fins de análises e após a interpretação dos resultados de forma experimental de acordo com as devidas especificações das características químicas do sabão e baseado na opinião dos envolvidos com a aplicação do questionário, realizou-se duas oficinas de produção de sabão: a primeira, realizada em junho com estudantes do próprio campus; e a segunda, realizada em outubro, com a participação de funcionárias do setor de serviços gerais do próprio campus e da SEAGRI – Secretaria Municipal de Agricultura de Marabá- PA. Mais que a preservação do meio ambiente e os seus recursos naturais, a reciclagem do óleo para produção de sabão em barra ou líquido gera ganhos econômicos, por ser obtido a um custo inferior que aquele para obter o produto comercial. Constatou-se, com realização das oficinas, que os participantes estão se preocupando mais com a preservação do meio ambiente e requisitando mais ações que visam melhorar a qualidade de vida sem prejudicar o meio em que vivem.
Utilização da casca de ovo como fonte de correção da acidez do solo
Authors: Galvão Jessivaldo Rodrigues , Casanova Sandro Rogério Almeida , Souza Francisco José Lima de , Santana Mateus Augusto de Carvalho , Pacheco Mauro Junior Borges , Assis Luiz Felipe Conceição Tavares de , Maia Bruno Kleidson da Silva , Araújo Dênmora Gomes de
Published: April 2020

Na literatura são registrados poucos trabalhos relacionados à utilização de resíduos orgânicos como corretivos da acidez do solo. A casca de ovo é composta principalmente por carbonato de cálcio, sendo esta fonte de um importante nutriente responsável por auxiliar o metabolismo vegetal. O objetivo foi avaliar a eficiência do uso da casca de ovo na correção da acidez do solo comparado ao calcário dolomítico. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, do instituto de ciências agrarias, área de ciência do solo da Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia - UFRA, campus Belém-PA. Foi utilizado o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com nove tratamentos distribuídos em quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram alocados em vasos com capacidade de 3 dm3 em que as quantidades de 2,25; 4,5; 5,25; e 6 g de casca de ovo e calcário dolomítico foram aplicadas de acordo com análise química do solo. O experimento teve a duração de 90 dias, em que foram avaliados o pH em 30, 45, 60 e 75 dias durante a condução. Obteve-se efeitos positivos dos corretivos aplicados nas diferentes dosagens usadas, em relação ao pH, nos períodos de avaliação dos tratamentos. Devido à facilidade de aquisição da casca do ovo, esta pode ser considerada uma boa alternativa para pequenos produtores devido ser considerada um produto residual.
Brouiller les frontières génériques et bousculer les hiérarchies littéraires au
Kenya. La revue Kwani? entre presse et littérature
Authors: Journo Aurélie
Published: April 2020

Fondée en 2003 par un collectif d’auteurs et d’intellectuels kényans mené par
Binyavanga Wainaina, la revue littéraire Kwani? est devenue en une dizaine
d’années une institution littéraire reconnue à l’échelle nationale et continentale.
Objet textuel hybride, à l’interface de différents champs discursifs, la revue,
présentée explicitement comme « littéraire » par ses fondateurs qui sont pour la
plupart journalistes de formation, nous invite à interroger les rapports entre
presse et littérature. En retraçant la généalogie de la revue et son inscription
dans l’histoire littéraire régionale et continentale, il s’agira de mettre en
lumière la porosité de ces deux champs discursifs, dans lesquels de nombreux auteurs
de la région se sont inscrits simultanément, que l’on songe à Wahome Mutahi ou Ngugi
wa Thiong’o. En outre, loin de se revendiquer uniquement de revues littéraires comme
Transition ou Black Orpheus, Kwani? met en scène une
filiation avec des magazines populaires comme Joe et Drum, qui ont
joué un rôle non négligeable dans le développement d’une écriture spécifique
caractérisée par l’humour et l’irrévérence. Nous reviendrons ensuite sur la question
du genre mis en avant dans la revue Kwani? depuis que Billy Kahora en est
devenu rédacteur en chef en 2003 : la création non-fictionnelle (creative
non-fiction). L’étude de ce genre – qui puise ses sources au Nouveau
journalisme (New Journalism) développé par Tom Wolfe aux États-Unis – et de sa
promotion dans les pages de la revue permet de montrer comment, dans un contexte
politique et culturel particulier, la pratique littéraire peut endosser une fonction
herméneutique. Cette lecture diachronique de textes à la croisée du littéraire et du
journalistique met en lumière diverses figures d’écrivains qui traversent l’histoire
de la région et sont réinvesties dans les pages de la revue
Kwani?.
Les écrivain·e·s nigérian·e·s de la troisième génération et la construction
identitaire (Bildung) : panorama du roman nigérian depuis les
années 2000
Authors: Courtois Cédric
Published: April 2020

Depuis le début des années 2000, et l’émergence des écrivain·e·s « de la
troisième génération », le Bildungsroman, genre littéraire né en Europe,
est constamment réécrit au Nigéria. Des auteurs et autrices aussi prestigieux que
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie ou encore Chris Abani se sont confrontés à la réécriture
d’un genre qui narre le développement de « l’innocence à l’expérience », qui permet
de mettre en lumière l’odyssée du moi et la construction de la subjectivité dans un
contexte non seulement nigérian, mais également diasporique.

Genre de l’émergence de l’individualité, les Bildungsromane écrits
par les auteurs et autrices nigérians de la troisième génération se conforment à ces
aspects mais acquièrent également une propension plus communautaire et, de façon
allégorique, comme l’écrit Mikhaïl Bakhtine, la Bildung individuelle se
fait en parallèle de la Bildung de la nation. Le Bildungsroman
semble également être utilisé par les auteurs et les autrices nigérians dans un
contexte diasporique afin de mettre en lumière l’impossibilité d’un moi unifié ;
certains de ces ouvrages peuvent alors également être lus comme des
Künstlerromane.
Are Counterparty Arrangements in Reinsurance a Threat to Financial Stability?
Authors: Davison Matt , Leadbetter Darrell , Lu Bin , Voll Jane
Published: April 2020

Interconnectedness among insurers and reinsurers at a global level is not well understood and may pose a significant risk to the sector, with implications for the macroeconomy. Models of the complex interactions among reinsurers and with other participants in the financial system and the real economy are at a very early stage of development. Parts of the market remain opaque to both regulators and market participants, particularly the counterparty arrangements among reinsurers through retrocession agreements. The authors create several plausible networks to model these relationships, each consistent with the financial statement data of the reinsurer. These networks are stress-tested under a series of severe but plausible catastrophic-loss scenarios. This analysis contributes to the literature by (i) applying a network-model approach common in the banking literature to the insurance industry; (ii) assessing the interconnections among reinsurers through potential claims rather than premiums; and (iii) investigating the most opaque part of the global insurance market, namely, counterparty arrangements among global reinsurers (retrocession). The authors find that contagion in the global reinsurance market is plausible and that the size of the potential market disruption is sensitive to (i) the distribution of risk among counterparties, (ii) the trigger for financial distress, (iii) the time horizon for claims resolution and (iv) the degree of loss netting. The findings suggest that further study of industry practices in these four areas would improve our ability to assess risk in the insurance sector and promote financial stability.
La culture juridique de la marginalisation : le système poreux du droit des favelas de Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Bastos e Silva Viviane
Published: April 2020

Cet article analyse la manière dont le droit de l’État promeut la ségrégation spatiale et comment fonctionne le système des droits dans le territoire ségrégué. L’objet de cette étude, ce sont les favelas de la ville de Rio de Janeiro au Brésil. Même si certaines favelas ont plus de 100 ans, l’illégalité et la précarité — temporelle et matérielle — sont encore considérées comme étant constitutives des favelas. L’absence de reconnaissance de cette zone s’étend à l’individu qui y réside : sa vie n’est pas validée ou alors elle l’est, mais accompagnée de contraintes. La favela est donc un espace dévalorisant et déprécié, dans lequel les résidants n’ont qu’une citoyenneté limitée. Le conflit entre les normes juridiques et le système interstitiel de droits dans les favelas montre bien que non seulement le droit n’est pas intéressé aux besoins des résidants des favelas (omission), mais encore exclut-il ceux-ci (action). En d’autres termes, la loi sert à construire et à perpétuer la marginalisation, y compris celle de l’espace physique de ces citoyens.
TOWARDS A RECOGNITION OF THE PLURALITY OF KNOWLEDGE IN SOCIAL WORK
Authors: Ellington Lisa
Published: April 2020

Social work as a profession has undergone significant change in recent decades, modulated by the various social, political, and organizational transformations of the society in which it evolves. Today, there is increasingly diversified research encompassing a number of coexisting visions of social work. These multiple visions come hand in hand with values, principles, as well as ideologies, some of which are dominant, and others that are marginal. Indigenous Peoples are among the most marginalized groups in society and so are Indigenous worldviews within the profession. Currently, there seems to be a willingness to recognize the plurality of knowledge in the area of social work. In line with this objective, the purpose of this article is to present the Indigenous research paradigm. This is a theoretical contemplation centered around the historical context that led to the paradigm’s creation, a description of what it consists of, as well as a presentation of a few examples of its use by social work researchers. Finally, the paper brings up certain persistent issues related to the recognition of the Indigenous paradigm within the profession.
POUR REVOIR L’ACTION DES TRAVAILLEUSES SOCIALES ET DES TRAVAILLEURS SOCIAUX DANS LE DOMAINE DE LA SÉCURITÉ ALIMENTAIRE
Authors: Parent André-Anne , Martorell Hugo
Published: April 2020

Malgré la richesse relative du Canada, de nombreux citoyens vivent dans des conditions précaires et souffrent des conséquences de la pauvreté. Cela est d’autant plus vrai lorsque le revenu ne permet pas de se procurer de façon socialement acceptable l’apport nutritionnel nécessaire pour bien vivre et se développer. Il est aussi préoccupant que le nombre de personnes qui vivent une forme ou une autre d’insécurité alimentaire ne cesse d’augmenter au Canada. Afin de contribuer à l’amélioration de la situation, cet article présente les résultats d’une recension des écrits sur le sujet et propose diverses pistes d’action issues d’un modèle conceptuel et d’un cadre opérationnel développés par les auteurs. Les auteurs présentent de façon détaillée les pratiques des travailleuses sociales et des travailleurs sociaux dans le champ de la sécurité alimentaire et discutent des propositions pour les améliorer.
TEACHING POSTMODERN AND NARRATIVE SOCIAL WORK PRACTICE THROUGH THE USE OF FILM-BASED CLIENTS
Authors: Brown Catrina
Published: April 2020

This paper elaborates on the use of film-based clients in teaching narrative therapy in social work. In this paper, I provide my rationale for the use of film-based clients and then highlight the life story of Lars, taken from the film Lars and the Real Girl (2007), as an example of how film clients can be a helpful way of learning how to practice narrative therapy. The theory and epistemology of narrative therapy—and specifically a postmodern approach to the central organizing concepts of story, experience, self, knowledge, and power—are discussed. I then illustrate key elements of narrative practice with Lars as a film-based client. The attention to creating counternarratives challenges dominant social discourses in Lars’ story about mental health and coping with difficult life events, and the internalization of these ideas as part of the story of his identity. A positioned approach against the medicalization and pathologization of Lars’ struggles reflects the social justice commitment of narrative practice.
Evolutionary expansion of apical extracellular matrix is required for the elongation of cells in a novel structure
Authors: Smith Sarah Jacquelyn , Davidson Lance A , Rebeiz Mark
Published: April 2020

One of the fundamental gaps in our knowledge of how novel anatomical structures evolve is understanding the origins of the morphogenetic processes that form these features. Here, we traced the cellular development of a recently evolved morphological novelty, the posterior lobe of D. melanogaster. We found that this genital outgrowth forms through extreme increases in epithelial cell height. By examining the apical extracellular matrix (aECM), we also uncovered a vast matrix associated with the developing genitalia of lobed and non-lobed species. Expression of the aECM protein Dumpy is spatially expanded in lobe-forming species, connecting the posterior lobe to the ancestrally derived aECM network. Further analysis demonstrated that Dumpy attachments are necessary for cell height increases during posterior lobe development. We propose that the aECM presents a rich reservoir for generating morphological novelty and highlights a yet unseen role for aECM in regulating extreme cell height.
Kallikrein-kinin blockade in patients with COVID-19 to prevent acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: van de Veerdonk Frank L , Netea Mihai G , van Deuren Marcel , van der Meer Jos WM , de Mast Quirijn , Brüggemann Roger J , van der Hoeven Hans
Published: April 2020

COVID-19 patients can present with pulmonary edema early in disease. We propose that this is due to a local vascular problem because of activation of bradykinin 1 receptor (B1R) and B2R on endothelial cells in the lungs. SARS-CoV-2 enters the cell via ACE2 that next to its role in RAAS is needed to inactivate des-Arg9 bradykinin, the potent ligand of the B1R. Without ACE2 acting as a guardian to inactivate the ligands of B1R, the lung environment is prone for local vascular leakage leading to angioedema. Here, we hypothesize that a kinin-dependent local lung angioedema via B1R and eventually B2R is an important feature of COVID-19. We propose that blocking the B2R and inhibiting plasma kallikrein activity might have an ameliorating effect on early disease caused by COVID-19 and might prevent acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). In addition, this pathway might indirectly be responsive to anti-inflammatory agents.
Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine Practice Patterns of Third-Year and Fourth-Year Osteopathic Medical Students: An Educational Research Project
Authors: Snider Karen T. , Couch Rachel , Bhatia Shalini
Published: April 2020

Context

Colleges of osteopathic medicine (COMs) are required to provide hands-on osteopathic manipulative medicine (OMM) training during clerkship years, but this can be challenging given that students are in a variety of clinical sites and often train with allopathic physicians.

Objective

To identify student OMM practice patterns documented on required OMM practice logs detailing 10 OMM treatments each semester as part of a 3-semester third- and fourth-year clerkship curriculum and to determine whether these practice patterns varied by supervisor type (osteopathic vs allopathic) and semester.

Methods

The OMM practice logs from 2 class years were retrospectively reviewed for patient and supervisor characteristics and OMM treatment details. Semesters included 2 third-year semesters and an extended fourth-year semester.

Results

Between July 2015 and March 2018, 1018 OMM practice logs were submitted detailing 10,150 treatments involving 4655 clinical (45.9%) and 5474 volunteer (53.9%) patients. Logs contained up to 10 treatments per log; 26.0% included only clinical patients, 17.4% included only volunteer patients, and 56.6% included both. Significantly more clinical patients (1708 [36.7%]) were treated during the first semester of the third year than the other 2 semesters (P<.001). The supervisor's credentials were identified as an osteopathic physician for 6639 treatments (65.4%) and an allopathic physician for 768 (7.6%). No difference was found in the proportion of clinical to volunteer patients supervised by osteopathic or allopathic physicians (P=.34). Neuromusculoskeletal complaints accounted for 10,847 (90.7%) chief complaints, and nonneuromusculoskeletal complaints accounted for 1115 (9.3%). The most commonly treated body regions were the thoracic (6255 [61.4%]), cervical (4932 [48.4%]), and lumbar (4249 [41.7%]). More body regions were treated on clinical patients than on volunteer patients (mean, 2.7 vs 2.6, respectively; P=.04). Commonly used techniques were muscle energy (6570 [64.5%]); high-velocity, low-amplitude (4054 [39.8%]); soft tissue (3615 [35.5%]); balanced ligamentous tension/indirect techniques (2700 [26.5%]); and myofascial release (1944 [19.2%]).

Conclusion

More than 80% of students documented OMM practice on clinical patients for their required OMM practice logs. Both osteopathic and allopathic physicians provided supervision. Chief complaints and types of osteopathic manipulative treatment used were consistent with current clinical practice. Areas identified for enhanced didactic education included OMM for nonneuromusculoskeletal complaints.
Weekly Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment to Improve Measures of Sympathetic Tone in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Randomized, Controlled Pilot Study
Authors: Davis Sarah E. , Hendryx Jan , Menezes Christian , Bouwer Stephanie , Menezes Heather , Patel Vishesha , Bostick Smith Chevelta A. , Speelman Diana L.
Published: April 2020

Background

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a common hormone disorder affecting reproductive and metabolic health of reproductive-age women, was shown in a previous study from these authors to be associated with increased sympathetic tone. Increased sympathetic tone contributes to long-term health risks for cardiovascular disease and promotes PCOS pathogenesis.

Objective

To determine whether weekly osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) improves physiologic measures of sympathetic tone in women with PCOS.

Methods

In the second phase of a larger study from this author group, 25 women with PCOS, aged 22 to 43 years, living in Erie, Pennsylvania, were recruited to participate in a randomized, controlled evaluation of OMT intervention. Participants were randomly assigned to either an OMT intervention or control group. The OMT group received weekly manipulation of Chapman points and rib-raising for viscerosomatic reflexes associated with the ovaries, adrenal glands, and heart for 12 consecutive weeks. Physiologic measures of sympathetic tone were collected, along with metabolic, endocrine, and reproductive measurements, both before the 3-month intervention and within 1 week of completing the intervention. Measurements included heart rate and blood pressure at rest and after 15 minutes of aerobic exercise, heart rate recovery after exercise, resting heart rate variability, serum androgen levels, body mass index, fasting blood glucose and insulin levels, and menstrual cycle length.

Results

Nineteen women completed the study. Comparing pre- and postintervention parameters, women with PCOS in the OMT intervention group experienced an improvement in postexercise systolic blood pressure (135.8 vs 129.1 mm Hg) and a trend toward heart rate recovery (23.2 vs 29.4 seconds). No significant improvements were found in the control group or in any other physiologic parameters measured. No significant improvements were found in the endocrine, metabolic, or reproductive parameters measured, although free testosterone was slightly lower after 3 months of weekly OMT (5.69 vs 4.64 pg/mL).

Conclusion

Improvements in sympathetic tone after OMT suggest that weekly manipulation of Chapman points and viscerosomatic reflexes can be a useful adjunctive therapeutic option for women with PCOS. (ClinicalTrials.gov No. NCT03383484)
Measuring recognition memory in zebrafish larvae: issues and limitations
Authors: Bruzzone Matteo , Gatto Elia , Lucon Xiccato Tyrone , Dalla Valle Luisa , Fontana Camilla Maria , Meneghetti Giacomo , Bisazza Angelo
Published: April 2020

Recognition memory is the capacity to recognize previously encountered objects, events or places. This ability is crucial for many fitness-related activities, and it appears very early in the development of several species. In the laboratory, recognition memory is most often investigated using the novel object recognition test (NORt), which exploits the tendency of most vertebrates to explore novel objects over familiar ones. Despite that the use of larval zebrafish is rapidly increasing in research on brain, cognition and neuropathologies, it is unknown whether larvae possess recognition memory and whether the NORt can be used to assess it. Here, we tested a NOR procedure in zebrafish larvae of 7-, 14- and 21-days post-fertilization (dpf) to investigate when recognition memory first appears during ontogeny. Overall, we found that larvae explored a novel stimulus longer than a familiar one. This response was fully significant only for 14-dpf larvae. A control experiment evidenced that larvae become neophobic at 21-dpf, which may explain the poor performance at this age. The preference for the novel stimulus was also affected by the type of stimulus, being significant with tri-dimensional objects varying in shape and bi-dimensional geometrical figures but not with objects differing in colour. Further analyses suggest that lack of effect for objects with different colours was due to spontaneous preference for one colour. This study highlights the presence of recognition memory in zebrafish larvae but also revealed non-cognitive factors that may hinder the application of NORt paradigms in the early developmental stages of zebrafish.
Имитационное моделирование: применение в радиоэкологии, "Природа"
Authors: Мамихин С.В. , Липатов Д.Н. , Манахов Д.В. , Парамонова Т.А. , Столбова В.В.
Published: April 2020

Статья знакомит читателя с основами использования имитационного моделирования в радиоэкологии. Приведено несколько примеров имитационных радиоэкологических моделей разного уровня, иллюстрирующих возможности метода. Модели позволяют исследовать процессы поведения радионуклидов в экосистемах, прогнозировать развитие радиоэкологической ситуации при различных сценариях выпадений, осуществлять реконструкцию радиоэкологических процессов, недостаточно изученных входе радиационных инцидентов прошлого, рассчитывать динамику дозовой нагрузки на компоненты экосистем и человека. Обсуждаются некоторые проблемы применения имитационного моделирования в радиоэкологии.
Силикоглассы - загадочные падения из космоса? К 50-летию открытия метеоритного кратера Жаманшин и миллионолетнему юбилею его образования, "Природа"
Authors: Флоренский Павел Васильевич , Коноваленко Антон Алексеевич
Published: April 2020

В околонаучной печати регулярно сообщается о непосредственных наблюдениях падений с неба, а также о находках различных образованийот комков снега и льда и ароматной грязи до стекол и шлаков. Интерес к ним возрос после изучения полученного вещества комет, а также в связи с раздуваемой в СМИ «метеоритно-астероидной угрозой». Высококремнистые стекла относят к тектитам, но остальные образования остаются загадкой, и они оказались вне научного систематического сбора и исследования. Сведения о более чем полусотне таких объектов собрали В.Н.Крупко и Е.В.Дмитриев, который неоднократно печатался в «Природе». Стекла и шлаки, содержащие до 20% Al2O3 и до 40% CaO, рассматриваются в качестве остаточного расплава после высокотемпературного селективного испарения при импактных событиях. Однако происхождение описываемых в статье образований, содержащих до 25% Na2O или до 20% K2O, остаются загадкой.
ГИГАНТСКИЕ РАДИОГАЛАКТИКИ - УНИКАЛЬНЫЕ ОБЪЕКТЫ ВСЕЛЕННОЙ, "Земля и Вселенная"
Authors: VERKHODANOV Oleg V.
Published: April 2020

Среди большого класса объектов, наблюдаемых на небе с помощью радиотелескопов, радиогалактики являются, с одной стороны, одними из наиболее изученных, а с другой - одними из самых загадочных. Отличительное свойство этих объектов - их колоссальная мощность в радиодиапазоне электромагнитного спектра, которая объясняется процессами, идущими в ядре галактики.
КОЛЛЕКЦИЯ ГАММА-ВСПЛЕСКОВ ГЛУБИНОЙ В ЧЕТВЕРТЬ ВЕКА. КАКИЕ РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ПРИНЕС ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТ КОНУС-ВИНД, "Земля и Вселенная"
Authors: APTEKAR Rafail L.
Published: April 2020

В ноябре 2019 года исполнилось двадцать пять лет с момента начала работы российского научного прибора «Конус» на космическом аппарате «Винд» (Wind, NASA). Сегодня это самый длительный российский научный эксперимент в космосе.
Интегральный признак напряженно-деформированного состояния среды по данным GNSS-наблюдений, "Наука Юга России"
Authors: Бабешко В.А. , Калинчук В.В. , Шестопалов В.Л.
Published: April 2020

Представлены результаты обработки измерений тектонических движений на четырех постоянно действующих спутниковых геодинамических станциях GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System), расположенных в районе Черноморского побережья России в пределах Туапсинско-Сочинской сейсмоактивной зоны (Сочи, Адлер, пос. Лесное и пос. Эсто-Садок). Среднее расстояние между станциями составляет 20 км. Приемники всех станций выполняли измерения в период повышенной сейсмической активности в районе Большого Сочи с января 2017 по февраль 2018 г. В процессе суточных фазовых измерений с периодом 30 с для каждой GNSS-станции были получены временные ряды компонент вектора местоположения с точностью 3-6 мм в горизонтальной плоскости и 6-12 мм по вертикали в международной координатной системе ITRF2014. Данные измерений обработаны с помощью пакета программ GAMIT. Предложен подход к оценке напряженно-деформированного состояния геологической среды на основе выделения синхронизации результатов измерений компонентов горизонтального положения станций GNSS с указанием частотных полос и временных интервалов, когда наблюдается коллективное поведение станций. В указанном подходе использована оценка эволюции максимального собственного числа спектральной матрицы т), выступающая в качестве интегрального критерия напряженности земной коры в исследуемом районе. Частотно-временная зависимость т) сопоставлена с сейсмиче ским режимом, и выделены предвестниковые сигналы синхронизации. Алгоритм обработки и программы построены на основе численно устойчивой процедуры Ломба - Скаргла.
Influence of cooking skills and nutritional training on dietary choices of incoming chiropractic students
Authors: Colton Katrine K. , Nightingale Lia M.
Published: April 2020

Objective

We aimed to identify chiropractic students' cooking skills, perceptions of healthy eating, and influence of prior nutrition training on dietary intake.

Methods

Two cohorts of incoming graduate students were surveyed to assess nutritional training prior to matriculation, perceptions of healthy eating behaviors, cooking skills, current dietary intake, and barriers to healthy eating. Using independent t tests, correlations, and descriptive statistics, data from the cohorts were assessed.

Results

The response rate was 88.7% (n = 178). Nutritional training significantly increased perception of nutritional knowledge and confidence in giving nutrition advice. Completion of at least 1 college nutrition course was associated with nearly double students' weekly fatty fish intake. Males were more likely to eat animal protein, and females preferred desserts. Modeling a healthy diet for future patients was rated as being important, yet most students consumed diets consistent with the typical American diet. The leading barriers to healthy eating included lack of time and money.

Conclusion

Similar to students in other healthcare professions, incoming chiropractic students wish to model healthy behaviors but fail to apply their knowledge and attitudes to their own dietary intakes due to common barriers.
Heavy Metal Bioaccumulation Pattern in Edible Tissues of Different Farmed Fishes of Mymensingh Area, Bangladesh and Health Risk Assessment
Authors: Akter Mhafuza , Zakir H. M. , Sharmin Shaila , Quadir Q. F. , Mehrin Sadia
Published: April 2020

An experiment was conducted to study heavy metals bioaccumulation pattern in edible tissues of different farmed fishes and to assess human health risk through their dietary intake. Total 3 different species viz. grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and mrigel (Cirrhinus cirrhosis), and 3 dissimilar sizes of fish samples were collected from Muktagacha and Trishal area of Mymensingh district, Bangladesh during January 2018 and analysed for this study. Among the fish species, mean concentrations of Ca, Na and K were higher in mrigel; Mg and S contents were higher in silver carp and P content was higher in grass carp. As regards to heavy metals, mean concentrations of Pb (18.98 µg g-1), Ni (0.688 µg g-1) and Cu (15.197 µg g-1) were higher in mrigel; Cd (1.127 µg g-1), Cr (15.097 µg g-1) and Zn (36.023 µg g-1) contents were higher in grass carp, while contents of all metals were lower in silver carp. In context of size, both mineral nutrients and heavy metals bioaccumulation pattern in all species were higher in large size fishes. Similarly, metal pollution index values for all species of fish samples showed a sequence- large size> medium size> small size, which indicates that heavy metal bioaccumulation pattern was directly related to the size and age of fishes. The study results revealed that the daily intakes of Pb and Cd for all species and sizes of fish samples were higher than that of upper tolerable intake level. Target hazard quotients (THQ) values for Pb and Cr surpassed 1.0 for both male and female, which indicate that the exposed populations are in a level of concern interval. But in context of other heavy metals, these farmed fishes can assume as safe for human consumption.
Biotechnological Upgrade of High Fibre-low Protein Industrial Plant By-products in Broiler Diets: Carcass and Organs Characteristics
Authors: Fasuyi Ayodeji
Published: April 2020

Aims: To explore the possibility of utilizing bio-fermented industrial plant by-products (composite mixture of fermented palm kernel meal, brewers dried grains and molasses) as supplementary crude protein source in broiler production. 

Study Design: Two hundred and eighty-eight (288) day old birds were picked and randomized into six treatments in a completely randomize designed experiment.

Place and Duration of Study: Research study was carried out at the Teaching & Research Farm of Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti between June and September, 2016.

Methodology: The composite of the palm kernel meal (PKM), brewer dried grains (BDG) and molasses were prepared using a ratio of 50 L of water to 25 kg of PKM, 25 kg of BDG and 2.5 L of molasses. The fermented composite of palm kernel meal, brewer dried grains and molasses (PBMC) was dried before incorporation into experimental diets as protein supplement at 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35% inclusion levels in a completely randomized designed experiment. The control diet had no composite of PKM, BDG and molasses. At the end of the experiment, birds were randomly selected from the 6 treatments, weighed and sacrificed. After slaughtering, the carcasses were scalded at 55-60°C in water bath for 30 sec before de-feathering. The data collected were subjected to One Way Analysis of Variance using Minitab computer model (Version 16). The dressed chicks were eviscerated and some carcass cuts and weights of organs determined.

Results: The live weight of broilers fed the diet 1 (control diet without PBMC) was statistically similar (P>0.05) to those obtained for broiler finisher birds fed 15, 20, 25 and 35% PBMC but significantly different (P<0.05) from broilers fed 30% PBMC, respectively. Similar results were obtained for the dressed and eviscerated weights. There were predominant similarities among the weights of the determined carcass cuts and internal organs.

Conclusion: The use of PBMC can be safely practiced to further improve the utilization of PKM and BDG in poultry diets at a maximum inclusion level of 20%. This inclusion level supported carcass characteristics and standard weights of organs at the end of the finisher phase of broiler production.