bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS DAYA DUKUNG FONDASI DANGKAL PADA TANAH BERLAPIS DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN PROGRAM BERBASIS ELEMEN HINGGA
Authors: Ronaldo Hansel , Suhendra Andryan
Published: August 2020

Generally, foundation can be classified into shallow foundation and deep foundation. There are some methods to analyze the bearing capacity of foundation such as Meyerhof method and finite element method. The purpose of this study was to compare the bearing capacity value generated by these methods. There are some factors that affect the bearing capacity of foundation, therefore the author wants to analyze some factors such as upper layer soil thickness, soil consistency and foundation footing. The analysis results show that the bearing capacity of shallow foundation generated by finite element method experiences the biggest difference up to 28% compared to Meyerhof method. Bearing capacity of soft-stiff soil has the largest increase of up to 50% compared to soft-medium soil. Meanwhile at the medium-stiff soil has the largest increase up to 161% compared to soft-medium soil. The value of  bearing capacity differs according to the upper layer soil thickness too. At 2.5 meters thick, the value of bearing capacity decrease up to 19% compared to 2 meters thick and decrease up to 160% compared to 1,5 meters thick. The bearing capacity value also varies depends on the footing type. Square footing was increased 0 – 17% compared to rectangular footing. Fondasi secara umum terbagi atas fondasi dangkal dan dalam. Ada beberapa metode untuk menganalisa daya dukung fondasi seperti metode Meyerhof dan metode elemen hingga. Dalam penulisan ini penulis ingin membandingkan nilai daya dukung pada metode tersebut. Ada beberbagai faktor yang mempengaruhi nilai daya dukung fondasi, oleh karena itu penulis ingin menganalisa beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi daya dukung fondasi seperti tebal lapisan atas, konsistensi tanah dan bentuk fondasi terhadap daya dukungnya. Dari hasil perbandingan, kapasitas daya dukung dengan menggunakan metode elemen hingga memperoleh hasil lebih besar hingga 28% jika dibandingkan dengan metode Meyerhof. Kapasitas daya dukung pada metode elemen hingga memiliki hasil perbedaan terbesar. Kapasitas daya dukung pada tanah lunak-kaku mengalami kenaikan terbesar hingga 50% dibandingkan pada tanah lunak-sedang. Sementara itu kapasitas daya dukung pada tanah sedang-kaku mengalami kenaikan terbesar hingga 161%. Kapasitas daya dukung juga berbeda tiap tebal lapisan atas yang ditinjau. Pada tebal lapisan atas sebesar 2,5 meter, kapasitas daya dukungnya mengalami penurunan terbesar hingga 19% dibandingkan pada tebal lapisan atas sebesar 2 meter dan penurunan hingga 160% dibandingkan pada tebal lapisan atas sebesar 1,5 meter. Bentuk fondasi juga mempengaruhi kapasitas daya dukung. Kapasitas daya dukung pada fondasi berbentuk bujur sangkar mengalami kenaikan 0 – 17% dibandingkan dengan fondasi berbentuk persegi panjang.
STUDI PENGARUH KEMIRINGAN, JARAK, DAN PANJANG SOIL NAILING TERHADAP STABILITAS LERENG
Authors: Harryanto Harryanto , Suhendra Andryan
Published: August 2020

Soft soil is commonly become the main problem in various types of construction. This type of soil has a low carrying capacity that could affect the stability of structure on it. As time goes by, there’s a various way to improving the stability of soil, such as using geotextile as the reinforcement. This material works by using membrane effect which only relies on its own tensile strength which can helps the subgrade by bearing the loads of embankment. In one project, embankment will be made with a very soft soil subgrade. To make sure the stability of the embankment, geotextile reinforcement is used. To save costs, the length of geotextile anchoring must be planned. The lower that embankment, the shorter geotextile anchoring is used. Meanwhile if the tensile capacity is getting higher, the shorter geotextile anchoring that will be used. And in this study, the ratio between the length of geotextile anchoring and the tensile strength is 0,9. Tanah lunak seringkali menjadi sumber berbagai masalah terhadap proses pada berbagai jenis konstruksi. Tanah lunak memiliki daya dukung yang kecil sehingga sangat berpengaruh terhadap proses konstruksi yang akan berlangsung dan terhadap stabilitas struktur yang berada di atasnya. Seiring berkembangnya zaman, salah satu cara yang dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan stabilitas tanah yaitu dengan menggunakan perkuatan berupa geotekstil. Geotekstil merupakan suatu geosintetik yang berbentuk seperti karpet atau kain yang bersifat permeable (tidak kedap air). Cara kerja geotekstil yaitu dengan menggunakan metode membrance effect dimana hanya menggunakan kuat tariknya sendiri yang dapat membantu tanah dasar untuk memikul beban agar struktur yang berada di atasnya menjadi lebih stabil. Pada suatu proyek akan dibuat timbunan dengan ketinggian yang beragam di atas tanah dasar yang lunak. Material geotekstil terbukti dapat menstabilkan timbunan yang berada di atas tanah lunak. Untuk menghemat biaya yang dikeluarkan maka panjang penjangkaran yang digunakan harus direncanakan. Untuk timbunan yang rendah, panjang penjangkaran geotekstil yang digunakan lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan timbunan yang lebih tinggi dan apabila kekuatan tarik geotekstil ingin ditingkatkan maka panjang penjangkaran yang dibutuhkan akan semakin kecil, begitupun juga sebaliknya dan pada penelitian kali ini rasio panjang penjangkaran terhadap kuat tarik yang didapatkan adalah sebesar 0,9.
ANALISIS TINGKAT KEPUASAN PENGGUNA TERHADAP FASILITAS PARKIR MOBIL MALL PURI INDAH
Authors: Dewi Chintya Kusuma , Setyarini Ni Luh Putu Shinta Eka
Published: August 2020

Standardization in parking service is needed in order to keep the balance between demand and resources. It acts as benchmarks in the process of improving both quality and performance of service that can accord with customer needs, and line with the capability of parking facility providers. Therefore, the parking provider in Puri Indah Mall, as one of the high mobility shopping centers located in the busy area, should realize the importance of the parking standardization. This study is conducted using two methods, Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) to measure performance’s level perceptions and customer's expectations, and Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) to measure the level of customer satisfaction. In the CSI analysis, they score between 66-80%, indicating that customers are satisfied with the facilities performed by the provider. On the other hand, the IPA results present in the Cartesius diagram consists of 4 quadrants A, B, C, and D; shows that in A quadrant, they score 27,78% for physical parameters, 14,29% for the reliability parameters, and 25% for the empathy parameter; which means that the provider should focus more on improving the quality and performance in those areas.ABSTRAKUntuk menyeimbangkan permintaan dan ketersediaan parkir diperlukan adanya standar pelayanan. Tujuannya sebagai alat ukur dalam upaya meningkatkan kualitas dan kinerja pelayanan sesuai dengan kebutuhan pengguna, yang selaras dengan kemampuan penyelenggara fasilitas parkir. Hal ini penting bagi pihak penyelenggara fasilitas parkir di Mall Puri Indah, sebagai salah satu pusat perbelanjaan yang memiliki tingkat pergerakan relatif tinggi karena berdekatan dengan berbagai pusat kegiatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan 2 metode, yaitu metode Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) untuk mengukur persepsi pada tingkat kinerja dan harapan konsumen pada tingkat kepentingan pelanggan dan metode Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) untuk mengukur tingkat kepuasan konsumen. Berdasarkan hasil analisis CSI dari kelima dimensi berada pada rentang 66-80% yang menunjukan bahwa konsumen sudah merasa puas dengan fasilitas dan kinerja yang diberikan oleh pengelola parkir mobil. Sedangkan pada metode IPA, terdapat diagram Kartesius yang terdiri dari 4 kuadran yaitu Kuadran A, B, C, dan D. Dimana dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 27,78% pada parameter fisik, 14,29% pada parameter keandalan, dan 25% pada parameter empati yang termasuk dalam kuadran A, yang berarti perlu menjadi prioritas utama pihak penyelenggara untuk meningkatan kinerja mereka.
ANALISIS ASPEK SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA TERHADAP KINERJA PEKERJA PROYEK KONSTRUKSI
Authors: Willy Yohanes , Sekarsari Jane
Published: August 2020

Human resources is one important things to achieve a successful construction project, because the success of a service provider includes human resources. However, in its implementation, construction service providers pay less attention to it. The aspect of human resources is aspects of work competence, work motivation, work loyalty and work discipline. A purpose of this research is to find how the influence of aspects of human resources on the performance of construction project workers in order to create good employee performance so that construction activities can run optimally and efficiently. The study was conducted by distributing questionnaires using purposive sampling techniques with 30 respondents. The data analysis technique used is SPSS software version 25. Data analysis was carried out from the validity test, reliability test, classic assumption test (normality test), descriptive analysis, and Relative Importance Index (RII). The results of the analysis indicate that aspects of human resources affect the performance of construction project workers and the most influential is aspect of work discipline, then the second is aspect of loyalty, the third is aspect of competence and last is  motivational aspect. Thus construction service providers can pay attention to aspects of human resources in order to improve labor performances.ABSTRAKSumber  daya  manusia  merupakan salah satu hal  penting   untuk  mencapai suatu kesuksesan proyek konstruksi,  karena  keberhasilan  suatu penyedia jasa meliputi  sumber daya manusia juga.  Namun pada pelaksanaannya penyedia  jasa  konstruksi  kurang  memperhatikannya.  Aspek-aspek sumber daya manusia yang dimaksud mencakup  aspek  kompetensi kerja,  motivasi kerja,  loyalitas kerja  serta  disiplin  kerja.  Tujuan  dari  penelitian  ini  yaitu  untuk mendapatkan  seberapa besar   aspek  sumber  daya  manusia  memengaruhi  kinerja  pekerja  proyek  konstruksi agar dapat menciptakan  kinerja pekerja  yang  baik sehingga  kegiatan konstruksi dapat berjalan optimal dan efisien. Penelitian  dilakukan  dengan  penyebaran  kuesioner  dengan menggunakan  teknik  purposive sampling dengan total 30 orang.  Teknik analisis data yang dipakai adalah software SPSS versi 25. Analisis data dilakukan mulai dari uji validitas, uji reliabilitas, uji asumsi klasik yaitu uji normalitas, analisis deskriptif, serta Relative Importance Index (RII). Hasil dari analisis yang dilakukan menunjukkan  bahwa  aspek sumber daya manusia  mmengaruhi kinerja pekerja proyek konstruksi dan yang paling memengaruhi adalah aspek disiplin kerja, kemudian yang  kedua  adalah  aspek  loyalitas , lalu yang  ketiga  adalah  aspek  kompetensi dan yang keempat adalah adalah aspek motivasi.  Dengan  demikian  penyedia jasa  konstruksi  dapat memperhatikan aspek sumber daya manusia  agar dapat memaksimalkan kinerja perkerja.
ANALISIS BANJIR KELURAHAN TANJUNG DUREN SELATAN
Authors: Sutanto Natanael Tadeus , Pranoto Wati Asriningsih
Published: August 2020

Flood is one of the natural disasters that occur due to various factors and causes many losses. Tanjung Duren Selatan village was recorded as having floods in January 2020. This research aims to determine the causes of the flood in the area as well as the solution. The data obtained were taken from BMKG, West Jakarta City Water Resources Department, and direct measurements in the review area. This research analyzed rainfall, channel capacity, channel condition dan topography in Tanjung Duren Selatan village. Rainfall is tested for data compatibility using Chi-Square and Kolmogorov-Smirnov methods. Rainfall intensity is calculated using the Mononobe formula. The capacity of the existing channels is analyzed using Manning formula that will be compared with the planned discharge calculated using Rasional method. The analysis included secondary channels and tertiary channels, based on the calculation of 8 of the 48 channels reviewed that were unable to accommodate the planned discharge. After the analysis, it can be concluded that the flooding in Tanjung Duren Selatan village was caused by the lack of existing channel capacity, contours, and rubbish that blocked the water flow. Floods that occurred on January 1, 2020 due to rainfall that occurred exceeded the planned rainfall.ABSTRAKBanjir merupakan salah satu bencana alam yang terjadi akibat berbagai faktor dan menimbulkan banyak kerugian. Di Kelurahan Tanjung Duren Selatan tercatat mengalami banjir pada bulan Januari 2020. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor penyebab terjadinya banjir pada daerah tersebut serta solusinya. Data-data yang didapat diambil dari BMKG, Suku Dinas Sumber Daya Air Kota Jakarta Barat, serta pengukuran langsung di daerah tinjauan. Pada penelitian ini dianalisis curah hujan, kapasitas saluran, kondisi saluran, serta topografi di Kelurahan Tanjung Duren Selatan. Curah hujan di uji kecocokan datanya menggunakan metode Chi-Square dan Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Intensitas curah hujan di hitung menggunakan rumus Mononobe. Kapasitas saluran eksisting di analisis menggunakan rumus Manning yang akan dibandingkan dengan debit rencana yang dihitung menggunakan metode Rasional. Analisis yang dilakukan mencakup saluran sekunder dan saluran tersier, berdasarkan perhitungan 8 dari 48 saluran yang ditinjau tidak mampu menampung debit rencana. Setelah analisis dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa banjir di Kelurahan Tanjung Duren Selatan disebabkan oleh kurangnya kapasitas saluran eksisting, kontur, serta sampah yang menghalangi aliran air. Banjir yang terjadi pada tanggal 1 Januari 2020 dikarenakan curah hujan yang terjadi melebihi curah hujan rencana.
As viagens pedagógicas do jovem Anísio Teixeira à Europa (1925) e Estados Unidos da América (1927) e sua inclinação definitiva para a educação pública
Authors: Pedrosa Jose Geraldo , Silva Reisla Suelen Oliveira
Published: August 2020

O artigo tem como objeto as representações sobre a Europa e os EUA e suas escolas, elaboradas pelo jovem Teixeira em ocasião de suas primeiras viagens internacionais, realizadas em 1925 e 1927. A partir das viagens Teixeira produziu alguns escritos. Três questões nortearam a pesquisa: que representações o jovem Teixeira elaborou sobre Europa e América? em que aspectos tais representações podem ser comparadas? e quais são as diferenças que elas expressam nas representações sobre o Velho e o Novo Mundo e suas escolas? O sentido foi identificar que relevo as duas viagens tiveram na inclinação do jovem Teixeira à educação pública. Os resultados expressam que a representação sobre a América e suas escolas é inversa à representação sobre a Europa e suas escolas, e que a experiência americana proporcionou a Teixeira uma representação de tal modo positiva sobre a educação que o levou a inclinar-se para a educação pública.
Tecnologias digitais e trabalhos em grupo: relações produzidas por estudantes de licenciatura
Authors: Lima Mariana Aparecida Toledo , Santos Silvana Claudia
Published: August 2020

Fruto de uma pesquisa desenvolvida entre o biênio de 2017 e 2019, este artigo propõe apresentar as perspectivas de licenciandos de uma Universidade Federal mineira acerca da utilização de tecnologias digitais associadas à metodologia de trabalhos em grupo. Embasada na pesquisa qualitativa, para a produção de dados utilizou-se questionários fechados e entrevistas semiestruturadas. Partindo da perspectiva de que quaisquer tecnologias são produto humano e de que, a cultura e a sociedade são condicionadas por elas, reflete-se sobre os usos das tecnologias digitais no campo educacional quando associadas aos trabalhos em grupo – prática relacionada às demandas contemporâneas. Os resultados apontaram o cenário contemporâneo delineado pela coexistência de diferentes tipos de tecnologias, no qual emerge outra forma interação proveniente dos usos das tecnologias digitais, todavia, seus usos, assim como a metodologia de trabalhos em grupo cercam-se de limites e possibilidades que precisam ser analisados.
Ensino superior: cognição e o afeto do aluno em tempos digitais
Authors: Schwarz Juliana Corrêa , Cicarello Junior Ivan Carlos , De Camargo Denise , De Faria Paula Maria Ferreira
Published: August 2020

O presente ensaio buscou levantar informações sobre o perfil de jovens brasileiros quanto ao uso de internet, celulares e outras tecnologias, comparando-as com formas de aprendizagem dos estudantes nas universidades. O objetivo do texto consiste em apresentar uma reflexão sobre como as tecnologias e metodologias atuais de aprendizagem têm sido utilizadas para despertar a motivação e o interesse dos universitários no seu processo educacional. Entendemos que novas tecnologias educacionais têm oportunizado o desenvolvimento de práticas inovadoras no campo da educação, e que têm potencial para superar qualitativamente estratégias tradicionais como a aula expositiva. Trata-se de um estudo teórico fundamentado na Psicologia Histórico-Cultural, que nos permitiu inferir que as formas de ensinar baseadas em metodologias inovadoras, somadas ao uso das novas tecnologias, podem tornar as aulas mais atrativas e motivadoras para os estudantes ao propiciar condições materiais e imateriais para uma aprendizagem significativa, que considera afeto e cognição como unidade.
Os espaços e a organização escolar num colégio Português dos Jesuítas (Colégio de S. Fiel -1863-1910)
Authors: Martins Ernesto Candeias
Published: August 2020

O artigo pretende ser um contributo à história das instituições educativas em Portugal, ao analisar os espaços escolares no Colégio de São Fiel dos jesuítas (1863-1910) de ensino elementar e secundário. A nossa argumentação, de teor histórico-descritivo e hermenêutico, versa sobre a organização escolar (os espaços e tempo escolar) naquele colégio e as suas relações e implicações na vida e no processo educativo dos alunos colegiais. A análise está dividida em 4 pontos:  o ensino jesuítico nos colégios (características); os espaços escolares no pensamento e ação dos jesuítas; a organização escolar no Colégio; arquitetura do tempo escolar como categoria estruturante na vida do colégio. Estes pontos permitem-nos compreender o funcionamento organizacional daquele colégio, convertendo-o num património histórico-educativo e num lugar de memória socio-histórica.
PROTECTION OF CHILDREN’S PERSONAL DATA IN THE DIGITAL WORLD BASED ON NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL LEGAL FRAMEWORK
Authors: Agung Bismo Jiwo
Published: August 2020

The crime of children’s data in the digital world is one of the causes of the rampant crime of bullying, fraud, theft, sexual harassment, exploitation and abduction which leads to the trafficking of people who make children victims. The method used in this paper is a juridical-normative comparative legal research method. The result shows that the Convention on the Rights of Child Convention 1989 (CORC) does not regulate the personal data in the digital world comprehensively. So far, countries in the world, including Indonesia, have only relied on the international legal framework. It is recommended, including international guidelines issued by several international organizations such as the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), and the International Telecommunication Union regarding the guidelines for parents and children in 2016. Indonesia already has a set of legal rules that are used as a basis for protecting children’s rights in the digital world. Based on these rules, the protection of children’s data in the digital world is included in the private and criminal domain. These Legal Frameworks show that the government is passive in protecting children’s data in the digital world because the responsibility of child safety and security when online is still focused on the parents or guardians of the child.
PARADIGM OF DEATH PENALTY (COMPARATIVE STUDY IN INDONESIA, SAUDI ARABIA AND CHINA)
Authors: Nopriandi Tedy , Ardhiansyah Risky Fany
Published: August 2020

The death penalty is one of old criminal type as the age of human life, and the most controversial crime in of all criminal systems, both in countries that adhere to the Common Law System and in countries that embrace Civil Law, Islamic Law and Socialist Law. There are two main thoughts about the death penalty, namely: first, those who want to keep it based on the force provisions, and second are those who wish to the abolition as a whole. Indonesia includes a country that still maintains capital punishment in a positive legal system. This paper aims to resolve problems of the death penalty concept concerning the controversy purpose of the death penalty and to analyze the regulations, procedures and philosophies regarding the death penalty in Indonesia, Saudi Arabia and China. This paper uses normative juridical research and the methods based on the doctrine and developed by the author. The approach used the legal approach, historical approach and comparative approach, then analyzed by the customary method.The result of the study shows that the death penalty can be seen from the philosophical aspects of Indonesian criminal law, as well as the philosophical aspects of Islamic and Chinese criminal law. So that everything can not be separated from the essential legal objectives, namely for the creation of justice. Death penalty in Islamic law turns out the concept of restorative justice specifically for the crime of deliberate killing (al-qatl al-'amd), which the execution highly depends on the victim’s family. The victim’s family, in this case, has the right to choose whether qisas (death penalty) or their apologize for the murder suspect, and diyat payment. While China in the implementation of death penalty applies the concept of rehabilitation, which in the execution of the death penalty is called a death penalty delay for two years and in its implementation, the defendant is given a job and control them. Whereas in Indonesia, capital punishment is a specific criminal offence and threatened with alternatives and is still a draft Criminal Code.
Regulation and control of duty hours of the record clerks in Russia during 1725-1734 (on the example of Middle Ural)
Authors: Borodina Elena Vasil'evna
Published: August 2020

This article is dedicated to examination of the history of establishment of the institution of duty hours at the time of Russian Empire after the death of Peter the Great. Namely the years of the rule of the first Russian emperor mark the emergence of the paramount of normative legal acts, which determined the fundamentals for regulation of state administration. The subject of this research is the analysis of discipline and control practices of the work of record clerks in the decade after the death of Peter the Great. The goal consists in determination of peculiarities in regulation of duty hours of the clerks during 1725-1734. The method of historiographical analysis allowed examining the internal criticism of the structure and content of legislative acts and documental materials. The author also applied the chronological method, mathematical analysis, and method of comparative-legal studies. The scientific novelty lies in comparison of the legislation and regulation practice of duty hours of the clerks in a particular region of the Russian Empire. Despite the sufficient knowledge on the history of mining administration in the Ural Region, the question of regulation of duty hours of the clerks of Siberian Oberbergamt did not receive due attention on the pages of monographs and articles. The comparison of legislative acts and specificity of orderliness of activity of the clerks of Siberian Oberbergamt and subordinate establishments allowed determining that the regulations on duty hours recorded in General Regulation required constant reinforcement by the local normative acts. Along with the monetary fines set by the Regulation, the record clerks were punished by confinements, demotion to a lower appointment, as well as hitting by cudgels. The increase in document flow created conditions for strengthening control over the work of clerks.
Armenia in the conditions of Byzantine–Sasanian War of 571-591
Authors: Sukhodolskaya Elena Sergeevna
Published: August 2020

This article examines the position of Armenia in the conditions of Byzantine–Sasanian War of 571-591. On the example of activity of Armenian dukes, the author trace the stance of Armenians on the developed conflicts, defines the role and degree of participation of Armenians in military expeditions on the side of belligerent powers. The subject of this research is activity of the representatives of Armenian ducal families in the conditions of Byzantine–Sasanian conflict. The object is the records of the Syriac historian of the VI century John of Ephesus, Armenian historical of the VII century Sebeos, and Byzantine historical of the late VIII century Theophanes the Confessor. The main conclusion of the conducted research consists in inability of Armenian Nakharar to create an independent Armenian Kingdom. Despite the favorable external conditions, caused by the Byzantine–Sasanian War, there were multiple contradictions between the Nakharar that impeded the achievement of common goal. Byzantine emperors and Persian monarchs use the lack of unity between the Armenian dukes for reaching the own goals and retention of leading positions in the region. The scientific novelty consist in comprehensive analysis of the activity of Nakharars in Western and Eastern Armenia based on the Byzantine and Armenian sources.
The science of encyclopedia of law in the works of German philosopher and jurist Heinrich Ahrens
Authors: Slobozhaninov Oleg Konstantinovich
Published: August 2020

The subject of this research is the identification of legal views of the German philosopher and jurist Heinrich Ahrens. The source base is comprised of the scientific works of G. Ahrens and other legal scholars. The historical-legal science does not pay sufficient attention to the ideas and persona of Heinrich Ahrens. He was famous during his lifetime, but almost forgotten afterwards. The Russian legal science lacks a monographic research of the political-legal concept of H. Ahrens. Methodological framework consists of the general scientific methods: systemic, logical, historical, comparative; as well as special methods: historical-legal, comparative-legal, formal-legal, and portrait-biographical. The scientific novelty is defined by the subject and methods of research. The central idea of Heinrich Ahrens’ encyclopedia of law is the interpretation of the science of law in its organic unity. The author examines the concept of law and system of law in the scholar’s perception; as well as underlines the prominent figure of H. Ahrens who contributed to development to the science of encyclopedia of law. The scientific works of Heinrich Ahrens have not been previously subjected to systemic and comprehensive examination, while the proposed ideas and concept remain relevant until the present.
Stare Decisis and the Identity-Over-Time Problem: A Comment on the Majority's Wrongness in Kisor v. Wilkie
Authors: Talley Christian
Published: August 2020

In Kisor v. Wilkie, the Supreme Court recently confronted whether to overrule the doctrine under which courts defer to agencies’ interpretations of their own ambiguous regulations—so-called Auer or Seminole Rock deference. In its prior reexaminations of Seminole Rock, the Court had progressively restricted the doctrine’s scope, leading observers to wonder whether the Justices would scrap it for good. This question of administrative law ignited a corollary debate about stare decisis. Writing for the majority, Justice Kagan argued that stare decisis mandated the preservation of Seminole Rock. Yet as she appealed to stare decisis, her opinion further restricted the conditions under which deference applies. Concurring in the judgment, Justice Gorsuch contended that the majority was wrong to invoke stare decisis while simultaneously modifying the doctrine in basic respects. Preservation of precedent, in his view, was inconsistent with its continued modification. Embedded in Justice Gorsuch’s opinion was a deep question about identity over time: If a precedent is heavily modified through subsequent case law, may the final case “reaffirming” and further modifying the precedent justifiably trace its lineage to the original case announcing the principle, such that the principle’s supposed “antiquity” lends it enhanced stare decisis weight? This Article, extending Justice Gorsuch’s critique, answers in the negative. Continuous and profound modification of a precedent casts doubt on the quality of the Court’s original reasoning and erodes the connection between earlier and later cases, thus weakening the stare decisis weight due the precedent upon its reconsideration.
Análisis Comparativo de los Programas de Pregrado en Tecnología en Gestión del Talento Humano y afines en Colombia
Authors: Gutiérrez-Jaraba Johon , Pérez-Márquez Fabio
Published: August 2020

El presente trabajo, tuvo por objetivo realizar un análisis comparativo de las carreras de Tecnología en Gestión del Talento Humano en Cartagena, la Costa Atlántica y Colombia. El trabajo fue apoyado por el Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas – CICTAR de la Fundación Tecnológica Antonio de Arévalo- TECNAR y su grupo de investigación Desarrollo Sostenible Urbano. El alcance del estudio comprendió la revisión de la oferta educativa de ese nivel con base en la información reportada en la plataforma del Sistema Nacional de Información de la Educación Superior - SNIES del Ministerio de Educación Nacional en Colombia - MEN al año 2016. En concreto, el trabajo buscó mostrar el estado actual de la formación en el campo de la profesión para lo cual comparó múltiples variables para los programas existentes por regiones, visualizando las tendencias generales. Para conseguir el objetivo, se utilizaron los métodos y técnicas estadísticas de análisis descriptivo, modelos lineales generalizados y análisis de componentes principales. Entre los resultados, se muestra que los programas así denominados, están dentro de los parámetros académicos nacionales e internacionales y que su denominación es coherente con la naturaleza del campo de conocimiento al cual pertenecen con su respectivo nivel académico, además del grupo de características que los identifican y constituyen particularidades. También se muestra la necesidad y pertinencia del programa en la ciudad de Cartagena y resalta la existencia de programas similares en mayor cuantía en ciertas regiones del país, principalmente en la zona andina, lo cual justifica la necesidad de formación en la disciplina en el nivel del programa analizado.
Correlation between serum vitamin C level and COPD assessment test score in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients
Authors: Muhaswitri Cipuk , Dillon Drupadi , Zaini Jamal
Published: August 2020

Background: COPD is a disease due to oxidative stress causing low pulmonary function, resulting in low quality of life. A standard test to measure the quality of life in COPD is COPD Assessment Test (CAT). Vitamin C as antioxidant is widely available in the pulmonary epithelial fluid.  This study aimed to investigate the correlation between serum vitamin C level and CAT score in COPD.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Persahabatan Hospital, East Jakarta, involving 47 subjects using consecutive sampling method. Interview was used to assess subjects’ characteristics and vitamin C intake using semi-quantitative FFQ. Clinical classification, lung function, comorbidity, and CAT scores were gathered from medical records or interview. BMI was used to determine nutritional status, while vitamin C serum level was assessed using spectrophotometry. Results and conclusions: All subjects were male, mean age was 66.6 years, mostly ex-heavy  smokers, with decreased lung function, and 25% were undernourished. Vitamin C intake was sufficient, but low in serum vitamin C level and CAT score.There was no correlation between serum vitamin C level and CAT score.
Effect of vitamin D supplementation to prevent acute respiratory tract infection : an evidence-based case report
Authors: Oentiono Oki Yonatan , Manikam Nurul Ratna Mutu
Published: August 2020

Background: One of the frequent health problems that regularly occurs in Indonesia, as a tropical country is an acute respiratory tract infection, including influenza. Since immunological benefit of vitamin D already proven, hypothetically, vitamin D can be used as protective agent to prevent influenza or other respiratory tract infections. Objective: This evidence-based case report was focused on the evaluation of protective ability of vitamin D supplementation to prevent influenza or other acute respiratory tract infections.Methods: Literature searching was conducted on PubMed data base and Cochrane Library using the related keyword combinations.Results: Two randomized-clinical trials (RCTs) and a meta-analysis study were fulfilled the eligibility criteria. Vitamin D supplementation did not reduce the incidence of influenza but reduce the incidence of non-influenza infection. High-dose vitamin D supplementation had no effect on the reduction of acute respiratory tract infection incidence. The meta-analysis concluded that vitamin D supplementation reduced the risk for acute respiratory tract infection and the stronger effects occurred on low-levels of vitamin D serum.Conclusion: Vitamin D supplementation may prevent acute respiratory tract infections, especially in subjects with low-levels of vitamin D serum.
Effect of carnitine on patients with heart failure: an evidence-based case report
Authors: Kristian Yosua Yan , Lestari Wiji
Published: August 2020

Background: Heart disease is one of the leading causes of death in Indonesia. Nutritional management plays an important role in overcoming heart disease, both as prevention and treatment. Carnitine plays a role in fat metabolism and can reduce the formation of thrombosis, resulting in improved heart function and quality of life of patients.Objectives: This study is aimed to identify the effect of carnitine in patients with heart failure.Methods: Existing research findings and articles are selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria in three databases, namely PubMed, Cochrane and Wiley. The outcome were functional capacity and heart function.Results: One meta-analysis that address with the clinical questions was obtained, and based on that article, giving carnitine to patients with heart failure has effects on increasing functional capacity, heart function, BNP serum and NT-proBNP levels. However, no effects found on mortality. Furthermore, no significant side effects on carnitine was found.Conclusions: Carnitine supplementation at a dose of 1 up to 6 g/day has a positive impact on functional capacity, heart function, BNP serum and NT-proBNP levels in patients with heart failure, alongside with minimal side effects.
Efficacy of branched-chain amino acid to increase muscle strength in chronic heart failure patients: an evidence-based case report
Authors: Wiradarma Karin , Octovia Lily Indriani
Published: August 2020

Background: Chronic heart failure (CHF) patients can fall into cardiac cachexia (CC), which is marked by the decrease of muscle mass and strength. Cardiac cachexia decreases the functional capacity and quality of life also increases the length of stay, medical fees, complications, and mortality rate. Branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) accounted for 35% of amino acids that build the muscle. We hope that BCAA supplementation can increase muscle strength of CHF patients, especially the elderly who is more prone to fall into CC. Thus, we performed an evidence-based case report to seek an opportunity of BCAA supplementation to an elderly with CHF.Objectives: To determine the efficacy of BCAA supplementation on increasing muscle strength in CHF patients.Methods: Literature searching of the evidence-based case report was performed on Pubmed, Cochrane, and Scopus according to the clinical query. Screening on title, abstract, and full text was done based on eligibility criteria (meta-analysis or clinical trials, suitability to clinical questions, English language, full-text availability, and human studies), followed by duplication filter and critical appraisal.Results: A randomized-controlled trial was found, but it didn’t find a significant difference between the experimental and control groups.Conclusions: BCAA supplementation doesn’t give a significant improvement in muscle strength in CHF patients.
Comparison of short-term memory between stunting and non-stunting children in urban and rural elementary school students in Kupang 2019
Authors: Sari Wahda Dwi , Lada Christina Olly , Nurina Rr. Listyawati , Dedy Maria Agnes Etty
Published: August 2020

Background: Inadequate chronic nutrition can cause disruption of bone growth and brain development. Impaired bone growth can cause stunting in children, and a disruption of brain development will affect cognitive function, one of them is short-term memory. This study aimed to compare the short-term memory between stunting and non stunting in urban and rural elementary school students in Kupang.Methods: This research used analytic observational method with cross sectional design conducted on urban and rural elementary school students in Kupang City. One hundred and sixty students who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected using consecutive sampling method. Characteristics data were collected by the interview, while the stunting data was known by measuring height and assessed by WHO anthroplus application, short-term memory data was obtained from digit span test. Stunting is a nominal data scale, while the short-term memory is an ordinal data scale. This study was analyzed bivariately using chi-square test with significant p value ≤ 0.05.Results: Chi-square test results of short-term memory between stunting and non stunting in urban and rural elementary school students obtained p = 0.144, which means there is no significant difference in short-term memory between stunting and non stunting in urban and rural elementary school children in Kupang.Conclusions: There is no significant difference in short-term memory between stunting and non stunting in elementary school children, both in urban and rural areas of Kupang.
Effect of isoflavone consumptions on the recurrence and survival rate among breast cancer patients: an evidence-based case report
Authors: Meilianawati Meilianawati , Manikam Nurul Ratna Mutu
Published: August 2020

Background: isoflavones possess both anti-estrogenic and estrogenic-like properties. Tempeh is a traditional dish from Indonesia which rich in isoflavone content. It remains controversial whether women diagnosed with breast cancer should be advised to avoid or increase the intake of food products that contain isoflavone to improve survival.Objective: to identify the association between post-diagnosis isoflavone food consumption with the recurrence and survival rate among women with breast cancer. Methods: the search was conducted with advanced searching on PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, and ProQuest according to the clinical question. The screening of title and abstract using inclusion and exclusion criteria, filtering double, and reading full text led to six useful articles. The selected studies were critically appraised for validity, importance, and applicability.Results: five prospective cohort studies and one meta-analysis were found with comparable validity. Women at the high level of isoflavone intake (>10 mg/day) had a significant reduction in the risk of recurrence and mortality of breast cancer.Conclusion: isoflavone food intake is associated with better survival, low recurrence, and low mortality among breast cancer patients.
Intraspinal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma: An argument for aggressive local resection and adjuvant therapy based on review of the literature
Authors: Gopakumar Sricharan , Steele William J. , Muir Matthew , Bhogani Zain , Britz Gavin
Published: August 2020

Background:

Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma is a rare cartilaginous neoplasm that typically involves the axial skeleton. Despite a well-circumscribed appearance, this tumor has a tendency to recur both locally and with distant metastases.

Case Description:

A 17-year-old patient presented with numbness and paresthesias in the lower extremities attributed to a T10-T11 intradural extramedullary mesenchymal chondrosarcoma. The patient was treated with aggressive local resection and adjuvant therapy. Here, this case and present literature are appropriately reviewed.

Conclusion:

Although uncommon, intraspinal mesenchymal chondrosarcomas warrant both radical local resection and aggressive adjuvant therapy with chemoradiation to provide the greatest chance of progression-free survival.
Bis[Pyrrolyl Ru(II)] Triads: a New Class of Photosensitizers for Metal-Organic Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Smithen Deborah A. , Monro Susan , Pinto Mitch , Roque III John A. , Diaz-Rodriguez Roberto M. , Yin Huimin , Cameron Colin G. , Thompson Alison , McFarland Sherri A.
Published: August 2020

A new family of ten dinuclear Ru(II) complexes based on the bis[pyrrolyl Ru(II)] triad scaffold, where two Ru(bpy)2 centers are separated by a variety of organic linkers, was prepared to evaluate the influence of the organic chromophore on the spectroscopic and in vitro photodynamic therapy (PDT) properties of the compounds. The bis[pyrrolyl Ru(II)] triads absorbed strongly throughout the visible region, with several members having molar extinction coefficients (e) ≥104 at 600–620 nm and longer. Phosphorescence quantum yields were generally less than 0.1% and in some cases undetectable. The singlet oxygen quantum yields ranged from 5% to 77% and generally correlated with their photocytotoxicities toward human leukemia (HL-60) cells regardless of the wavelength of light used. Dark cytotoxicities varied ten-fold, with EC50 values in the range of 10–100 µM and phototherapeutic indices (PIs) as large as 5,400 and 260 with broadband visible (28 J cm-2, 7.8 mW cm-2) and 625-nm red (100 J cm-2, 42 mW cm-2) light, respectively. The bis[pyrrolyl Ru(II)] triad with a pyrenyl linker (5h) was especially potent, with an EC50 value of 1 nM and PI >27,000 with visible light and subnanomolar activity with 625-nm light (100 J cm-2, 28 mW cm-2). The lead compound 5h was also tested in a tumor spheroid assay using the HL60 cell line and exhibited greater photocytotoxcicity in this more resistant model (EC50=60 nM and PI>1,200 with 625-nm light) despite a lower dark cytotoxicity. The in vitro PDT effects of 5h extended to bacteria, where submicromolar EC50 values and PIs >300 against S. mutans and S. aureus were obtained with visible light. This activity was attenuated with 625-nm red light, but PIs were still near 50. The ligand-localized 3ππ* state contributed by the pyrenyl linker of 5h likely plays a key role in its phototoxic effects toward cancer cells and bacteria.
Enantioselective Carboetherification/Hydrogenation for the Synthesis of Amino Alcohols via a Catalytically-Formed Chiral Auxiliary
Authors: Buzzetti Luca , Purins Mikus , Greenwood Phillip D. G. , Waser Jerome
Published: August 2020

Chiral auxiliaries and asymmetric catalysis are the workhorses of enantioselective transformations, but they still remain limited either in terms of efficiency or generality. Herein, we present an alternative strategy for controlling the stereoselectivity of chemical reactions. Asymmetric catalysis is used to install a transient chiral auxiliary starting from achiral precursors, which then directs diastereoselective reactions. We apply this strategy to a palladium-catalyzed carboetherification/hydrogenation sequence on propargylic amines, providing fast access to enantioenriched chiral amino alcohols, important building blocks for medicinal chemistry and drug discovery. All stereoisomers of the product could be accessed by the choice of ligand and substituent on the propargylic amine, leading to a stereodivergent process.
Drug Repurposing for Coronavirus (COVID-19): In Silico Screening of Known Drugs Against the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Bound to Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) (6M0J)
Authors: Kalamatianos Konstantinos
Published: August 2020

In this study FDA approved antiviral drugs and lopinavir analogues in clinical trials were tested for their inhibitory properties towards the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein bound to angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) (6M0J) using a virtual screening approach and computational chemistry methods. The most stable structures and the corresponding binding affinities of seventeen such antiretroviral compounds were obtained. Frontier molecular orbital theory, global reactivity descriptors, molecular docking calculations and electrostatic potential (ESP) analysis were used to hypothesize the bioactivity of these drugs against 6M0J. It is found that increased affinity for the protein is shown by inhibitors with large compound volume, small charge separation, low electrophilicity, aromatic rings and heteroatoms that participate in hydrogen bonding. Amongst the drugs tested, four compounds, PubChem CID 492005, CID 486507, CID 3010249 and lopinavir showed excellent results – binding interactions -9.0 to -9.3 kcal.mol-1. These four top scoring compounds may act as lead compounds for further experimental validation, clinical trials and even for the development of more potent antiviral agents against the SARS-CoV-2.
Bulk and Surface Chemistry of the Niobium MAX and MXene Phases from Multinuclear Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Griffith Kent , Hope Michael , Reeves Philip J. , Anayee Mark , Gogotsi Yury , Grey Clare P.
Published: August 2020

MXenes, derived from layered MAX phases, are a class of two-dimensional materials with emerging applications in energy storage, electronics, catalysis, and other fields due to their high surface areas, metallic conductivity, biocompatibility and attractive optoelectronic properties. MXene properties are heavily influenced by their surface chemistry, but a detailed understanding of the surface functionalization is still lacking. Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is sensitive to the interfacial chemistry, the phase purity including the presence of amorphous/nanocrystalline phases, and the electronic properties of the MXene and MAX phases. In this work, we systematically study the chemistry of Nb MAX and MXene phases, Nb2CTx and Nb4C3Tx, with their unique electronic and mechanical properties, using solid-state NMR spectroscopy and examine a variety of nuclei ( 1 H, 13C, 19F, 27Al and 93Nb) with a range of one- and two-dimensional correlation, wideline, high-sensitivity, high-resolution, and/or relaxation-filtered experiments. Hydroxide and fluoride terminations are identified, found to be intimately mixed, and their chemical shifts are compared with other MXenes. This multinuclear NMR study demonstrates that diffraction alone is insufficient to characterize the phase composition of MAX and MXene samples as numerous amorphous or nanocrystalline phases are identified including NbC, AlO6 species, aluminum nitride or oxycarbide, AlF3×nH2O, Nb metal, and unreacted MAX phase. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the transition-metal resonances directly in MXene samples, and the first 93Nb NMR of any MAX phase. The insights from this work are employed to enable the previously-elusive assignment of the complex overlapping 47/49Ti NMR spectrum of Ti3AlC2. The results and methodology presented here provide fundamental insights on MAX and MXene phases and can be used to obtain a more complete picture of MAX and MXene chemistry, to prepare realistic structure models for computational screening, and to guide the analysis of property measurements.