bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Behaviour of Different Types of Steel Connections in Steel Frames against Progressive Collapse
Authors: Tan Kang Hai , Yang Bo
Published: October 2011

Firstly, this paper presents an overview of DoD code [1] against progressive collapse and points out the shortcomings of the current design approaches. After that, seven experimental tests of common types of bolted steel beam-column joints under a middle-column removal scenario are presented. This study provides the behaviour and failure modes of different types of connections, including their resistances and rotational capacities in catenary action. The test results indicate that the web cleat connection has the best performance in the development of catenary action. The flush end plate, fin plate and top and seat with web angle (TSWA) connections could also deform in a ductile manner and develop catenary action prior to failure. Numerical simulations have also been conducted. Both static and explicit dynamic solvers were employed to overcome problems of non-convergence, contact, large deformation and fracture simulations. It is demonstrated that the finite element analyses give reasonable accuracy compared to the test results. In addition, an extensive parametric study was undertaken using these validated models to obtain the rotation capacities of various types of connections under catenary action. Finally, some practical design implications have been drawn up from the experimental tests and the parametric study. A new tying resistance expression is proposed to consider the effect of large rotation. If large rotation capacity is not considered in the design stage, the joints with poor rotation capacities would fail to achieve the design tying resistances. In addition, four new connection acceptance criteria of rotation capacities have been proposed to incorporate catenary action under a middle column removal scenario. The work shows that current acceptance criteria of rotation capacities for steel joints such as web cleat, fin plate, flush end plate and TSWA connections, are probably too conservative as they only consider pure flexural resistance.
Research and Application on the Crumb Rubber Modified Low-Noise Asphalt Pavement
Authors: Zhang Zhi Xiang , Liu Wei , Li Xiao Yan
Published: October 2011

In this paper, the research of Low-Noise Asphalt Pavement（LNAP）mix design with the crumb rubber has been studied, including materials selection, gradation selection, asphalt content selection, performance tests, and so on. To verify the high-temperature performance and the effect of noise reducing, the new test methods are studied in the lab. The On-board Sound Intensity (OBSI) is developed to measure the tire-pavement noise and evaluate the noise reducing effect of trial pavement. The QC and QA of LNAP is researched by the trial pavement and the tire-pavement noise is measured by the OBSI，the LNAP has not only the good performance but also low noise than the conventional asphalt pavement.
Firms and Government Behaviors for Sustainable Buildings Energy-Saving
Authors: Xue Jian Hua , Li Hui Min
Published: October 2011

Both firms and government characterized dual and simultaneous behaviors about sustainable buildings energy-saving. This study will formulate 2*2 matrixes to construct four different interactive types about firms and government behaviors such as reaction, leadership, acceptance, and transparadox. In addition, we also analyze that how different types impact sustainable buildings energy-saving. This study not only makes important theoretical contributions on analyzing and exploring firms’ and governmental behavior portfolios for sustainable buildings energy-saving, but also makes significant managerial implication on transferring other three portfolios into transparadox type in order to growing sustainable buildings energy-saving.
Experimental Research on Sound Absorption Performance of Low-Noise Pavement
Authors: Guo Ji Tan , Zhang Rui , Wang Rui
Published: October 2011

OGFC can reduce traffic noise which has very high air-void contents to absorb tire-pavement noise. This paper proposes maximum aggregate size and aggregate gradation of OGFC with the objective void of 20%. Performance of modified asphalt and best asphalt-aggregate ratio are also proposed with four kinds of modifiers, including SBS, rubber, EVA and PVC. The absorption coefficients of the four kinds of OGFC and the dense-graded Marshall specimens were tested with standing wave tube. Then their sound absorption performances were compared.
The Investigation of the PAM / St-g-PAA /Bentonite Superabsorbent Composite in Model of Rain Garden
Authors: Tong Wang Shu , Zhang Yi He , Yu Li , Hao Jiao , Lv Feng Zhu
Published: October 2011

The polyacrylamide/starch-acrylic acid graft copolymer/bentonite composites with different concentrations of the bentonite and starch-acrylic acid graft copolymer were prepared by in-situ polymerization. The influence of the concentration of the bentonite and starch-acrylic acid graft copolymer on the water absorbency was investigated. The water absorbency of 115 g/g could be achieved with the composite composed of 50wt% bentonite, 17wt% starch-acrylic acid graft copolymer and 33wt% polyacrylamide. The excellent absorption and retention performance of the composite makes it potential to be applied in the model of Rain garden.
Effect of Hydrated Lime on Asphalt Matrix Properties and Asphalt Mix Volume Characteristics
Authors: Yang Wen Feng , Wu Shao Peng
Published: October 2011

Hydrated lime, as additive agent, was applied into asphalt mix to improve water stability. In this paper, asphalt retention ratio (According Schellenberg Leaking Test) and volume properties of asphalt mix containing hydrated lime, cement and conventional limestone mineral powder were comparatively investigated. The effect of hydrated lime on mastic asphalt was estimated using Dynamic Sheer Rheometer (DSR). The test results indicated that the asphalt retention ratio containing hydrated lime is superior to those of cement and mineral powder. At the same temperature, the viscosity and G*/sinδ of mastic asphalt containing hydrated lime increased apparently. To integrate the volume characteristics, asphalt retention ratio and mastic asphalt, the anti-stripping procedure of aggregate pre-damping using hydrated lime has been recommended.
Ningbo City’s Residential Building Energy Efficiency Evaluation Index System
Authors: Yu Jing , Zheng Rong Yue , Huang Joseph , Chen Ying
Published: October 2011

According to the actual situation in Ningbo, combined with both relevant information from both China's current building energy efficiency standards and that of foreign building's energy efficiency and environmental assessment methods, together established the Ningbo City residential building energy efficiency evaluation index system. Using the AHP application to evaluate, analyze and calculate to determine the weight of the evaluation index.
Research on the Efficient Application of Silica Fume in High-Tech Cement-Based Materials
Authors: Lin Dong , Wen Zi Yun
Published: October 2011

The comparison experiments are carried out at different silica fume dosage between the silica fume with pre-treatment and the silica fume without pre-treatment. The results show that the pre-treatment of silica fume improved the strength greatly and the silica fume dosage corresponding to the strength peak somewhat moved forward from 0.20 for the cement-based materials with pre-treatment of silica fume to 0.21 for the cement-based materials without pre-treatment of silica fume. The particles distribution experiment results indicate that after the pre-treatment of silica fume, the average particle diameter of silica fume reduced from 2.865μｍto 0.151μｍ. Based on Aim-Goff model, it is concluded that the increase in the compressive strength and flextural strength of cement-based materials with pre-treatment of silica fume, are attributed to the dispersion of silica fume agglomeration and the increase in the packing density of the cement-based materials.
Developing the Test of the Van Hiele Levels of Geometrical Reasoning Based on Grey Relational Analysis
Authors: Ma Hsiu Lan , Wu Der Bang , Wu Shun Jyh
Published: October 2011

This study is going to use the Grey relational analysis (GRA) to analyze the Test of the van Hiele levels of geometrical reasoning. The current results of this study is not only identify the easiest and the most difficult questions for students, but also displays that the proposed GRA provides a novel approach in handling educational test.
Research on Making Permeable Porous Ceramics with Sugar Mud
Authors: Jing Yang Yang , Gao Wen Yuan , Jiao Hong Tao , Tang Nai Ling , Zhang Yu Cang , Wei Qiang Wei
Published: October 2011

Sugar mud has been analyzed to prepare porous ceramics with clay, and the principal chemical component of sugar mud was tested to be CaCO3. The optimal ratio of sugar mud and clay came out to be 1:2. The porous ceramics were sintered at temperatures of 1 000°C for 1.5h, whose major crystalline phases were found to be Porzite, Anorthite and Cristobalite, have showed good performances. The final products with pore size ranging from 1 to 10μm, a porosity of 26.38%, a water-absorption of 17.30%, and mechanical strength of 22～26 MPa could be applied in the area of permeable porous ceramics.
Recycled Aggregate Performance Experiment Study on Basis of Saturated Surface Dried Crush Value Index
Authors: Zhang Bo , Wang She Liang , Du Yuan Fang , Jing Long Ping
Published: October 2011

Crush value index is a key parameter for measurement of coarse aggregate strength performance. In this paper the eight group of crush value index are tested for the recycled aggregate used of waste concrete which is gathered from three different remove construction plants. The experiment analysis result is shown that the crush value of recycled aggregate is greater 2.5 times than natural aggregate. Meanwhile, compared with air dried condition, the crush value index of saturated face dried condition is from 7.22% to18.2%. Furthermore the recycled aggregate can be suitable to make concrete requirement which compression strength grade is C35 and lower than C35 in China. In the experiment, comparative analysis is found that the RA-10 aggregate compressive strength is slightly from 2.06% to 8.7%. Those which are higher limit value of standard for test method of mechanical properties on ordinary concrete and the divergence are less than 10%. Consequently the recycled aggregate can be used for concrete, and its compressive strength is also fundamentally satisfied for requirement of concrete compressive strength.
Method to Determine Reaction Degrees of Portland Cement and Fly Ash in Complex Pastes
Authors: Xu Li Wei
Published: October 2011

To determine the reaction degrees of Portland cement and fly ash in complex pastes, an experiment of hydration degree for composite pastes, hydrochloric acid dissolution method for fly ash and solution heat method for cement is applied. It is shown from the test that a rather precise result has been obtained by the combined method. The hydration degrees of cement and fly ash in composite pastes agree well with those from theoretical analysis.
A Study on Connections of Concrete Filled Steel Tubes by Using Built-in Steel Bars
Authors: Kawano Akihiko , Qiao Qiyun , Matsuo Shintaro , Ninakawa Toshihiko
Published: October 2011

From 2006, authors started a series of experimental and analytical studies to establish a design method for a new connection system of concrete filled steel tube (CFT) by using built-in reinforcing steel bars (CFTR). Among the series, a pullout test of the built-in steel bars from the CFTRs has been early performed, which is orientated as a fundamental study for the connections of CFTR [1]. In the pullout test study, it is clarified that the influence of tube shapes (square and circular), the stress transfer capacities of bond by steel bars, ring bands in steel tubes and anchor plates of steel bars. The new connection system of CFTR may apply to an exposed-type CFT column base, where the built-in high strength steel bars contribute to transfer the axial force, bending moment and shear force from a CFT column to the foundation [2, 3]. The column base strength is much increased by the built-in steel bars. In other words, the built-in steel bars make the base plate and anchor bolts compact without any strength reduction in the column base. A stable elastic-plastic behavior is observed in the CFTR column base, and an evaluation method of the ultimate strengths is proposed for that. A further improved CFTR column base is the base without any base plate (non-base-plate CFTR column base), so that all of the stresses can be transferred through the built-in high strength steel bars [4]. A stable hysteretic behavior is observed in the column base, and the evaluation method of the ultimate strength is also proposed. It is noteworthy that the non-base-plate CFTR column base is applicable to the super high strength steel, because the base system does not require any full penetration welding, which sometimes causes brittle fracture in super high strength steel.
A Study of Local Site Effects on Seismic Design of Buildings
Authors: Meshram Vilas G. , Dandge Ajay L.
Published: October 2011

In present work, first the multi-storeyed building was analysing taking medium site condition in zone II. Sa/g and Base shear for that building was calculated from IS 1893:2002 (Part 1).After that site specific ground response analysis is carried out for Amravati and Nagpur region soil sites. For development of site specific response spectrum ProSHAKE software is used ProSHAKE is based on one dimensional geotechnical site response model. Site response study is usually carried out using the geotechnical data or Geophysical data (shear wave velocity). Basic aim of present work is to study local site effects on seismic analysis of multi-storeyed Buildings, for this purpose local soil conditions are considered. In the present work various local sites in Amravati and Nagpur region are studied.
Predictive Techniques in Environmental Eco-Audits
Authors: Gajbhiye Ajay R. , Raman N. S. , Khandeshwar Shantanu R.
Published: October 2011

Predictive Technique Audits, one of the types of environmental audit, is considered to have greatest potential role in strengthening the Environmental Impact Assessment practice in India. Many predictive techniques which rely upon the use of mathematical or computer models have also been subject to an audit. There is a need for strengthening the understanding on which environmental attributes can be predicted in a quantified manner, and which predictive techniques may be applied to provide predictions within an acceptable range of error, recognizing that this will be influenced by the significance of the attribute under consideration. With this backdrop, the present paper outlines the concepts of predictive techniques in Environmental Eco-Audits.
A New Brick Prepared from Municipal Sewage Sludge and Shale
Authors: Wang Hai Bo , Lin Zi Zeng , He Zhong Yi
Published: October 2011

Series of experimental tests on the forming technique, sintering technique, performance and effectiveness of a new fired brick by mixing municipal sewage sludge and shale are carried out. Test results show that adding sludge properly in the process of manufacture shale fired common brick is feasible. Along with increase of sludge content, the compacting of uniformity of unburned brick decreased and its porosity increased. When shale-sludge mixtures were calcined, the heavy metal solidified, the ignition lost and organic substance volatilized that reduced the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of the brick and improve its thermal insulation ability. The phase composition and leaching toxicity of sewage sludge-shale baked brick can be up to national standard. Good quality brick can be produced by blending mixture with the optimum moisture content (OMC) 18.0%-20.0%, drying at 105°C and sintering at 960°C. With all being considered in manufacturing brick, the content of sewage sludge shall be controlled within 9.0% that can make UCS of the new brick reach MU10 criterion and it has a superior heat preservation effect to normal brick from clay or shale alone.
Study on a New Mathematical Model for Aggregate Air Cooling or Heating
Authors: Wang Li Juan , Liu Yan Feng , Liu Jia Ping , Lu Fei
Published: October 2011

Before the construction of hydraulic structure, aggregate must be cooled or heated by air (we call it aggregate air cooling or heating in this paper) or other technologies to the required temperature. Previous model of aggregate air cooling or heating cannot provide the center temperature of each aggregate. So a more accurate mathematical model is developed to determine the thermal performance of aggregate, and the surface heat transfer coefficient of wet aggregate is revised. This model can predict the center temperature of an aggregate and can accurately calculate the cold down time or temperature distribution of aggregate, so that the refrigeration or heating capacity can be reasonably supplied. It’s significant for foundation engineering of hydraulic structure.
Research on PA Heat-Melt Adhesive Being Used as Self-Healing Agent in Cementitious Materials
Authors: Yuan Xiong Zhou , Sun Wei , Zuo Xiao Bao
Published: October 2011

Based on detailed consideration of the autonomic healing concept of microencapsulated healing agent, micro- bacteria induced calcite and shape memory alloys, our research team proposed a new self-healing technique coupled with of SMA and heat-melt adhesive. In this article, chemical stability and bonding strength with cementitious materials of PA heat-melt adhesive were tested. Experimental results show that PA heat-melt adhesive may contain the ability being used in self-healing techniques coupled with SMA.
Application of Gabion Slope Protection of Nanyang River Channel Regulation in Tianzhen County
Authors: Zhao Lian Qing , Gao Liang , Jin Hua
Published: October 2011

Nanyang River channel regulation is one of the major projects for river comprehensive management project in Tianzhen reach of the Nanyang River. According to the geological conditions of ecological restoration, Gabion retaining wall is designed to protect the bed or banks of a stream against erosion. Gabion is made of double twisted hexagonal wire mesh, the thickness of gabion basket and mattress is 50 cm and 30 cm respectively. The slope protection work consists of two parts, the lower part is vertical wall and the upper part is slope wall. The results show that this work can solve the problem of uneven settlement and river scouring, sustain restoration of biodiversity and achieve the harmonious coexistence of humanity and nature.
Rethinking Incentive Policy for Building Energy Efficiency
Authors: Yang Jie , Xu Cong
Published: October 2011

Nowadays in the process of formulating and implementing laws or regulations in our country, the existing problem is a lack of an effective mechanism. From incentive policies for building energy efficiency, we can choose economic levers and policy instruments, such as price, tax, financial subsidy, interest rate and so on. The article puts forward suggestion in principle and ensures the development road is applicable to ordinary people, suitable for the sustainable utilization of energy and the harmonious development of society.
A Comparison on Codes of Egress Safety in Each Country
Authors: An Hyun , Jee Nam Yong , Roh Seung Yup
Published: October 2011

As buildings tend to become bigger, higher and more complex, types of fire outbreak have diversified these days. Accordingly, it has also become difficult to cope with fire outbreaks resulting in a higher risk of suffering loss. The purpose of this study is to provide basic data for securing reasonable egress plans and safety of egress by comparing egress regulations of countries including America (NFPA 101), British (Building Regulation-Approve document B), New Zealand(Building Regulation & Compliance document for New Zealand building code), Japan (Architecture Relationship Statute book) and Korea (Architecture Statute book).
One Type Damper Used for Preventing Galloping of the Electric Power Line
Authors: Sun Li Min , Zou Jing Chao
Published: October 2011

When the power transmission line is covered with ice and snow in the winter, the galloping of power line often happens. A new type of damper used for preventing galloping of the electric power transmission line has been put forward and received patent license of China. The damper like fan blades, which can rotate about the axes of the power line at 360°, is fixed on the overhead power line. It hangs on the line when there is no wind. The blade rotates at high speed in the plane vertical to wind when there is wind, which results in a gyroscope. The theorem of angular momentum of a gyroscope is used in the design of the damper. Model tests of this kind of damper have been carried out and the results show that it is successful in preventing galloping of the cable model.
Research of Green Building Economical Appraisal System
Authors: Wei Ming Cai , Xu Xin Yu
Published: October 2011

This paper based on the Whole Life Appraisal, Value Engineering and Environmental Economics theories, referred the Green Building Evaluation Criterion and Administration Method of Commercial Residential Building Function Appraisal, then built the green building economical appraisal system and integrate appraisal model which based on the fuzzy mathematic principal, expanded the thinking of green building economical appraisal methods.
Study on Regional Architecture from the Spatial Perspective
Authors: He Qing Song , Yin Yi
Published: October 2011

Regional architecture research to the essence of the difference will be in control, so as to get to the bottom of its distinctive regional characteristics of the formation of the reasons. This is not blindly follow the mainstream of current research point of regional building, but seize the essence of architecture—space, from the perspective of the space to discuss and analyze the regional characteristics of architecture preliminarily, and explore new ways of regional architecture design.
Research on Temperature Characteristic of Porous Cement Concrete
Authors: Hu Li Qun , Ma Wei Si , Hou Hong Qing
Published: October 2011

This research aims to study the temperature characteristic of porous cement concrete as an alternative pavement that can help to mitigate urban heat island effect, and all the beneﬁts it can provide, along with several offspring. Three experiments conducted in this research focus on the effect of specimen thickness,moisture content and wind speed on the thermal conduction properties of porous cement concrete. Isostatic pressing method is adopted in the molding process of specimens and reserved holes method is utilized to measure the internal temperature of the specimens.The data presented in this paper explains the tend of thermal conduction properties accompanying the increase of specimen thickness,moisture content and wind speed.
Seismic Responses of High-Rise Buildings Subjected to Extreme Ground Motions of Tohoku Earthquake in Japan
Authors: Bai Yong Tao , Kawano Akihiko , Matsuo Shintaro , Odawara Keita
Published: October 2011

Seismic performances of high-rise buildings are urgent to be studied given the background of the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku earthquake and probable long-period ground motions happened in subduction zone near east-coast of Japan. One 20 story frame of CFT and steel high-rise buildings were modeling, and seismic responses of models were simulated in FEM program with fiber model subjected to extreme ground motions recorded in the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku earthquake and the relevant artificial ground motions. Analysis results indicate that, the frame models could not satisfy the seismic demand under extreme ground motions. The CFT model has superior ultimate stability behavior than steel model as result of confinement effect of confined concrete to steel tubular. The phenomenon of deformation concentration along with vertical direction becomes more intense when the inputting acceleration level arrives extremely higher.
Research on Spatial Evolution Mechanics of Urban Group in the Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone Based on RS
Authors: Liu Chuan Li , Liao Qiu Min
Published: October 2011

This paper first gives an introduction on the present study situation of urban group spatial structure evolution, then extracts the urban group spatial distribution information in Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone, and monitors in dynamic change of urban group spatial evolution from 1990 to 2009. Later, it analyzes the present situation and the reason of urban group spatial structure in Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone, and finally, presents some suggestion on how to over-all optimize and regulate the urban group spatial structure in Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone.
Durability Design of Tunnel Lining Structures Based on Approximate Probability
Authors: Chen Hai Ming , Wang Xuan , Yan Shi Long
Published: October 2011

This paper introduces durability design method of tunnel lining structures based on approximate probability. According to the method, the corresponding application program, named tunnel lining structures durability design program (TLSDDP), has been developed, which can be used in the similar tunnel lining structures durability design in the future. TLSDDP was applied in Shanghai Yangtze River Tunnel lining structures durability design and the tunnel durability design limit state equation was obtained.
Experimental Study on the Strength Difference of Two Types of Sandstones With Different Composition of Minerals Under the Conditions of Dry and Wet Cycles
Authors: Zhang Zhen Hua , Xue Jing Jing , Yao Hua Yan
Published: October 2011

Some rock slides have taken place in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, China. Many Researches on the causes of the slides shows that the more sensitive of rock strength to the reservoir water level fluctuation, the easier to fail of the rock slopes. In order to study the strength difference of different sandstones in reservoir water fluctuation zone of Three Gorges Reservoir, the authors taken two types of sandstones with different composition of minerals as a typical case to study in detail. One type of the two sandstones (called Type I) is composed of quartz, feldspar, muscovite and calcite, argillaceous cement. The other (called Type II) is composed of quartz, feldspar, sericite, argillaceous cement. Uniaxial compression tests indicate that the compressive strength of type I sandstone decreased significantly as they underwent first wet and dry cycle, and then nearly kept constant when they underwent the following wet and dry cycles, and that the compressive strength of Type II sandstones nearly kept constant when they underwent many times of wet and dry cycles.
Numerical Analysis on Isolation Effect of the SMA-Disc Spring Three-Dimensional Composite Bearings
Authors: Yang Shu Yang , Niu Jian
Published: October 2011

In some areas with high intensity and near the epicenter, the buildings, especially nuclear power station, lifeline, long-span structures, information and other important buildings, are of obvious vertical earthquake component by the effect of macroseism. So the research on three dimensional shock insulation including vertical earthquake component should be conducted. The horizontal isolation which is widely used for vertical seismic isolation effect is not obvious and its application in practice is limited highly. Considering its defects mentioned, this paper studies the SMA-disc spring three-dimensional composite bearing from the perspectives of mechanical parameters, performance, structure and working principle and applies it to the typical spatial reticulated structure. By comparison, it can get a conclusion that SMA-disc spring three-dimensional composite bearing has better three-dimensional isolation effect.
The Effects of Different Amplitude-Dependent Damping Models on Wind-Induced Response of a Tall Building
Authors: Chen Zhi Yong , Wu Jiu Rong , Fu Ji Yang , Xu An
Published: October 2011

Guangzhou West Tower (GZWT) is the second tallest building in China with 432m height. Based on the 3-D finite element model of this building, a reduced finite element model was first established for the wind-induced vibration analysis in the paper. Several models for the amplitude-dependent structural damping and aerodynamic damping ratio were adopted to evaluate the nonlinear damping effects on the wind-induced response of this building by using the surface wind pressure record in wind tunnel test. Wind-induced responses evaluated by amplitude-dependent damping were compared with those obtained from constant damping ratio assumption through the comprehensive studies for several wind load cases.
Experimental Study on Flexural Behavior of Ductile High Performance Concrete
Authors: Sun Hong Zhe , Deng Ming Ke , Liang Xing Wen
Published: October 2011

Considering the effects of fibers content, water-binder ratio, sand-binder ratio and fly-ash content, 16 groups of ductile high performance concrete specimens were designed by the method of orthogonal test, whose flexural performance were tested by the four-point bending test. By analysis of ultimate flexural strength, equivalent flexural strength and toughness indexes of 16 groups specimens, the results indicated that the load-deflection curves of other 12 groups specimens showing the typical strain hardening features except for the four groups, in which the fiber content equals to 0.5%. The flexural behaviors were affected by the fiber content most. The more the fiber, the higher the flexural toughness. The effect of fly ash on the flexural performance was very little, the more the fly ash, the higher the flexural toughness.
Analysis of Landslide Stability Based on Neural Network
Authors: Li Jia Chun , Li Peng Li
Published: October 2011

A nonlinear method was applied in the stability study of landslides due to the highly nonlinear feature of landslides stability. Based on the data collected as research samples, we selected six influence factors as the indicators of slope stability, including the average slope, slope of the invading front, sliding surface slope, the maximum annual average daily rainfall, the recent slide situation and human engineering activities. Through the comprehensive analysis of landslides stability with BP neural network method, we established a novel nonlinear analysis model. And from the work we may conclude that the landslide stability analysis model is of profound technical meaning with accuracy over 95%.
Analysis on the Passive Design Optimization for Unit-Divided Apartment Building in Lhasa Based on Survey and Simulation
Authors: Li En , Liu Jia Ping
Published: October 2011

During a time when environmental issues are one of the biggest problems in the world, the development and growth of developing cities can no longer be discounted. As a typical developing city, the building energy consumption of Lhasa had a large scale increase with the living standard enhancement of people. Through the local measurements, the information as indoor air temperature, the evaluation of the thermal environment and so on was collected. The result shows the existed residential buildings used the direct gain system and the attached solar space system spontaneously. However, the indoor thermal environment still needs to be improved. Considered that Lhasa was classified into central heating area, it will face the problem of huge increasing of the heating energy. The basic models of direct solar gain system were established for studying the affecting rules of passive design elements. The last result gives suggestion for the local residential building design.
State-Space Solution of Estuary Bed Responses Subjected to Extreme Hydrodynamic Conditions. II: Storm Surge
Authors: Pan Dong Zi , Zhao Xin , Li Ying
Published: October 2011

Storm surge is an abnormal rise of water generated by a storm, over and above the predicted astronomical tides. The solitary wave theory can be considered good representations of tsunami, storm surge and nonlinear shallow water waves. Based on the same theoretical formulation mentioned in the Part I, we derive the analytical solutions for dynamic responses of an estuary bed to solitary wave excitation are studied by state-space method. State-space method together with Laplace-Fourier transform techniques are used to solve the governing equations. The solitary wave-induced response of estuary bed can be calculated by using the matrix theory, boundary conditions and inverting integral transform. Compared with the special solution in preceding literatures, it’s shown that the proposed method has the advantage of high calculation efficiency and accuracy.
Future of Green BIM Designing and Tools
Authors: Zeng Mi Ni
Published: October 2011

Green building is rapidly transforming the design and construction industry recently. Simultaneously, a growing number of industry practitioners are embracing the advantages of building information modeling (BIM). This report state some benefit we can get if we use BIM tools to analyze Green buildings and some software we use to do that. The end of this report, recommended some do's and don'ts for an architect practicing today to stay competitive in the upcoming green revolution.
Damage Sensitivity Analysis for Main Design Parameters of Steel Reinforced Concrete Beam
Authors: Zheng Shan Suo , Hu Yi , Tao Qing Lin , Li Zhi Qiang
Published: October 2011

Considering of the condition that the steel reinforced concrete beam is mainly used to bear the vertical load and preserve the robustness of integrated structure, this paper takes the flexural rigidity of beam subjected to short-term load effect as the damage characterization of SRC beam. According to the related theoretical analysis and experimental research, the damage sensitivity of various design parameters which contain the sectional height, the strength of concrete and steel ratio are analyzed, and the influence laws of main design parameters impacted on damage evolution of SRC beam are revealed. The research shows that sectional height is proved to be the most sensitive factor in the damage of SRC beam and the steel ratio takes the second place, and then the strength of concrete is the most insensitive to the damage of SRC beam. The research achievements will provide theory and date support for establishing the storey damage model of SRC frame structure under seismic excitation.
Sustainable City-Learning From Växjö
Authors: Wang Hai Yun , Genovese Paolo Vincenzo
Published: October 2011

This paper introduces the experience of Vaxjö, the greenest city in Europe. It had carried out sustainable energy program named “Fossil Fuel Free Växjö”, developed the biomass-based eco-energy. It also has succeeded in Water and Waste management, green vehicle program, eco-building and eco-community and so on.
Experimental Study on Mechanical Behavior of the Intact Loess
Authors: Wang Yan , Xu Shan Hua , Hu Yu Ding
Published: October 2011

As a “special earth”, the water sensitivity of loess is an improtant factor influencing its mechanical characters and engineering properties. Through carrying on tests on the FSY30 non-saturated triaxial instrume, this paper shows ~ and ~ curves of the intact loess under different water contents.Then, it is found that the mechanics characteristic of Q3 loess is mainly influenced by the stress condition as well as the water content condition. In addition, the mechanics behavior of intact Q3 loess appears over-consolidated feature under low water content and low cell pressure.
Environmental Evaluation of FRP in UK Highway Bridge Deck Replacement Applications Based on a Comparative LCA Study
Authors: Zhang Chao , Lin Wen Xiu , Abududdin Muhammad , Canning Lee
Published: October 2011

Within the UK bridge engineering sector, fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) decks have been increasingly used in deck replacement applications. However, study on its environmental performance is limited. This paper examines the environmental credentials of this relatively new decking system by way of a case study comparing its life cycle environmental performance – in carbon terms – with that of conventional concrete decks. In order for the findings to be more general and informative, the bridge is assumed to carry an ‘average’ volume of traffic across the highway network where it is most likely to be present. Based on the results, areas for improvement are identified in order for this decking system to be more environmentally competitive. Uncertainties and limitations of the results are also discussed.
Research on the Designing Process in Environment Friendly Ultralow Temperature Refrigeration Device
Authors: Zheng Da Yu , Liu Wei Dang , Chen Xin
Published: October 2011

This design of the ultralow temperature device uses a small cold storage, and the purpose is to study and develop a new environmentally friendly ultralow temperature refrigeration device so that the body temperature could arrival -80 °C. Improvements for the refrigeration system, the use of environmentally friendly refrigerants and the design of refrigerant distribution ratio, and the optimization to the refrigeration system provide a value references, and also make contribution to single-stage compression of non-azeotropic refrigerant to a wide range of applications.
Problems and Countermeasures of Air Conditioning Systems in Internet Data Centers in Xi’an City
Authors: Yang Xiao Hong , Wang Zhi Wei , Jing Xiang
Published: October 2011

Site investigation on air conditioning systems (ACS) in three internet data centers (IDCs) in Xi’an city was conducted, the relative data used for issues analysis was obtained from on-site testing of temperature field and velocity field in IDCs and online working meter on power distribution box of ACS and computer cracks, the field investigation found that there were three main problems: high temperature alarm of larger power electronic components in computer cracks; irrational air distribution around computer cracks; and not high energy efficiency of ACS. Corresponding problem causes were analyzed and strategies of problem solving were proposed in this paper.
The Demonstration Engineering Data Analysis of Heat Allocation Technique Based on on-Off Time and Area Method in Xingtai
Authors: Hu Jian Jun , Yang Hua , Yang Li Xin , Chen Dan , Xia Guo Qiang , Qi Cheng Ying , Zhao Zhi Ming
Published: October 2011

Introduces the construction and operational aspect of 15 plots of existing buildings heat metering demonstration engineering in Xingtai, arranging the average heat consumption of Xingtai city, each plot, each building, every heat user according to the actual operating data. The results of data analysis indicate that the heat allocation technique based on on-off time and area method can characterize the users' demand for the size of the heat correctly, achieve the purpose of a reasonable heat metering. Applying the heat allocation technique based on on-off time and area method in the actual project is feasible, can popularize and apply extensively.
Numerical Simulation of Hydraulic Jump
Authors: Liu Ming Qin , Liu Yu Ling
Published: October 2011

This paper is concerned with a mathematical model for numerical simulation of 2D flow accompanied with a hydraulic jump. The governing water equations are solved by the MacCormack’s predictor-corrector technique. The mathematical model is used to numerically predict 2D hydraulic jump in a rectangular open channel. The comparison and the analysis show that the proposed method is accurate, reliable and effective in simulation of hydraulic jump flows.
Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties of Mortar Materials under Acidic Environment
Authors: Huo Run Ke , Li Jie , Yao Yong Zhen , Ning Cui Ping
Published: October 2011

This paper, by means of the accelerated test under acidic environment, studies the physical chemistry and mechanical properties of the mortar materials in the different periods, analyzes the change regularity of hydrogen and calcium ions concentrations in acid solution in different periods and the mechanism of mortar subjected to hydrochloric acid corrosion, reveals the phased characteristic in corrosion process, puts forward the generalized model of the change of sample porosity considered corrosion process, and deduces the formula of flexural strength changed with time, preliminarily verifies the good consistency between calculation and experimental results.
Comparison and Analysis of the Design Calculation Methods of Septic Tank at Home and Aboard
Authors: Wu Shan , Tang Shi Wen , Thibault Simon , Zhao Xin , Zhao Li
Published: October 2011

According to the relevant code standards and specifications for the septic tanks at home and aboard, the design and calculation methods of septic tank in USA, Australia, Ireland and China are compared. The results showed that the design volume in China is obviously less than that of the others, and the main reason lies in the difference in the aspects of the application environment and the management and maintenance of septic tank, and the delay update of codes and standards related to the septic tank design. Furthermore, the undersized volume will lead to the malfunction of septic tank.
Research on Coal Gangue Being Backfill Material in Taiyuan Region
Authors: Hu Chang Ming , Wang Li Fang , Liu Hong Liang , Zhu Jia Yang
Published: October 2011

Taiyuan is a city with more moutains, less loess resource and abundant coal gangue. This paper studied the feasibility of turning coal gangue into filling in Taiyuan region, based on successful experience home and abroad. A series of tests on physical-chemistry properties and mechanical characteristics of the coal gangue proved that coal gangue used in the experiment has good chemical properties, grain composition. The coal gangue is a kind of non-sticky coarse grained soils which can drain off water freely, and it can be used as the filling of foundation. Based on tests, this article provided a theoretical basis and a favorable reference for engineering application of coal gangue and its research and development in other areas.
A Research on the Ecological Footprint Evaluation and Computational Methods of Urban Water Resourse in Beijing
Authors: Ying Li , Guo Ting Ting , Yan Pan
Published: October 2011

Since the water resourse insome towns of Beijing were in a big shortage in the past few years, it becomes a key factor which restricts the sustainable development and theurbanlization of Beijing. Based on the fact, this paper introduces the reserrch situation and development of the ecological footprint of urban water resourse in Beijing. And it puts forward the method for calculating the the ecological footprint of urban water resourse , includeing domestic water, process water and eological water, in Beijing. Furthermore, the computational method of ecological carrying capacity and ecological deficit of urban water resourse in Beijing is proposed, which provides reference for the evaluation of ecological capacity of urban water resourse in Beijing.
On the Current Energy Consumption and Countermeasures of Large Public Buildings in China
Authors: He Je , Yan Zeng Feng , Liu Hui Jun
Published: October 2011

The building energy saving, a leading trend of building development, is associated with the sustainable development strategy. First of all, the paper introduces the energy consumption situations of large public buildings in China. Next, it puts forward some proposals about energy saving, hoping to be valuable for improvement of the buildings in the aspect of energy saving .
The Optimal Experimental Research on the Fluoride Removal from Efficient-Whirling Clarifier
Authors: Hu Feng Ping , Wang Lin Yuan , Luo Jian Wen
Published: October 2011

In this paper the experiment research of fluoride removal was based on coagulating sedimentation method, and the defluorination effect of coagulant’s kinds and dosage、parameters of rotational speed and coagulant aid’s dosage was studied and optimized, which could provide crafts parameters of efficient-whirling clarifier for engineering application . In this experiment, five coagulants was compared, which including aluminum sulfate (Al2(SO4)3)、potassium alum(KAl(SO4)2)、ferric sulphate（Fe2(SO4)3）、ferric chloride（FeCl3）and polyaluminium chloride（PAC）. Parameters of rotational speed applied in this experiment were simulated from the G state of efficient-whirling clarifier, while polyacrylamide was employed as the coagulant aid. The experiment results showed that: First, the defluorination effect of polyaluminium chloride was better than that of other coagulants. Second, the optimum parameters of rotational speed was that mixing at the speed of 400 r/min for 60 seconds，the first stage of coagulation at the speed of 160r/min for 7minutes、the second stage of coagulation at the speed of 90r/min for 8 minutes and sedimentation for 15minutes. Third, PAM was helpful for the defluorination effect of PAC. The fourth, when fluoride concentration in raw water respectively were 2.0mg/L、5.0mg/L、10mg/L, the dosages of PAC respectively were 400 mg/L、500mg/L、1300mg/L and the dosage of PAM respectively were that of PAM was 0.09mg/L、0.12mg/L、0.09mg/L, which could make the outlet of fluoride concentration achieved the national drinking water standard (GB5749-2006).
Influence of Chlorination Conditions on Amount of Trihaloacetic Acids Formation
Authors: Li Ji Guang , Sun Hui , Yang Chun Wen , Shao Yan Qiu , Jin Zhi Min , Zuo Chun Sheng , Ren Nan Qi , Yuan Yi Xing , Zhang Tu Qiao
Published: October 2011

Experiment was made，in which Harbin reservoir water was taken as source water to observe the influence of chlorination conditions such as chlorine dosage，reaction time，pH value，organics concentration and varieties of disinfectant on the amount of trihaloacetic acids formation．Based on the experiment results，control measures were proposed for the formation of disinfection byproducts such as trihaloacetic acids through optimizat ion of disinfection．
Synthesis of Nitrogen-Doped Mesoporous TiO2 Film and its Visible Light Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Lin Xiao Xia , Fu De Gang
Published: October 2011

A visible-light-active nitrogen-doped mesoporous TiO2 (N-TiO2) film was synthesized via sol-gel spin-coating technique, using carbon spheres as pore-forming materials. The as-prepared film was characterized by XRD, BET, SEM, XPS and UV-Vis. The N-TiO2 film showed higher photocatalytic activity in the degradation of dye Reactive Brilliant Red X-3B (C.I. reactive red 2) under visible light irradiation compared with smooth TiO2 film and P25 film. The apparent rate constant of the N-TiO2 film was almost 10 times as that of P25 film.
Study on the Water Quality and Quantity Scheduling Scheme in Xinxue River Constructed Wetland of China under the Constraint Condition of Class III of Surface Water Quality
Authors: Liu Chao , Cao Xiao Jie , Wang Chao , Sun Jing Jing , Gu Yu Ting
Published: October 2011

Using Xinxue River Constructed Wetland as the study object, the wetland prediction models based on BP neural network were established through the seasonal division of the wetland, and the maximum influent water load was determined on the constraint condition that effluent water quality achieved class Ⅲ of surface water quality. Then nonlinear functions of water quality and quantity scheduling were constructed by Origin software. The optimal influent load was determined adopting prediction results of the models as constraint conditions of the functions. Thus the water quality and quantity scheduling scheme of the wetland was established. The results show that optimal influent load for Feb. ~ May: the influent water quantity is no more than 8560m3/d, CODCr is 25.47mg/l~26.37mg/l, ammonia nitrogen 0.11mg/l~1.0mg/l, TN 10.28mg/l~10.51mg/l, TP 0.16mg/l; for Jun. ~ Sept.: the water quantity is no more than 31750m3/d, CODCr is 26mg/l~32.36mg/l, or 37.15mg/l~45.37mg/l, ammonia nitrogen 0.48 mg/l~1.78mg/l, TN 5.15mg/l~6.18mg/l, TP 0.07mg/l~0.09mg/l; for Oct. ~ Dec.: the water quantity is no more than 11070m3/d, CODCr is 24.55mg/l~26.91mg/l, ammonia nitrogen no more than 0.75, TN no more than 8.61 mg/l, TP 0.10mg/l~0.12mg/l, or 0.16mg/l~0.17mg/l.