bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Closed‐Loop Haar Wavelet Power Splitting Method for Vehicle‐Mounted Hybrid Energy Storage System
Authors: Shen Yongpeng , Sun Songnan , Li Yuanfeng , Liang Weihua , Zhang Xizheng , Yuan Xiaofang
Published: October 2022

Hybrid energy storage systems are widely used in electric vehicles and other fields. Focused on the problem of lithium‐ion battery life attenuation caused by high‐frequency components in load power requirements, a closed‐loop Haar wavelet power splitting method is proposed. First, the circuit structure of the hybrid energy storage system is introduced. Then, based on the analysis of the Haar wavelet transform, the Haar wavelet power splitting method, and closed‐loop control algorithm are proposed. On one hand, the Haar wavelet power splitting method is responsible for allocate the high‐frequency and low‐frequency components of the power demand to ultra‐capacitor and lithium‐ion battery, respectively; on the other hand, a closed‐loop controller is proposed to regulate the output current of the lithium‐ion battery dynamically to maintain the stability of the DC bus voltage. Finally, experiments were conducted under CLTC‐P driving cycle. The experimental results show that the proposed closed‐loop Haar wavelet power splitting method can control the maximum deviation of DC bus voltage within 1.28%, while effectively avoiding the impact of high‐frequency components on the life of lithium‐ion batteries. © 2022 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Rhenium Complexes with p‐Fluorophenylisocyanide
Authors: Claude Guilhem , Weh Dominik , Hagenbach Adelheid , Figueroa Joshua S. , Abram Ulrich
Published: October 2022

p‐Fluorophenylisocyanide (CNPhpF) reacts with [Re(CO)5Br] under stepwise exchange of the carbonyl ligands depending on the conditions applied. The reaction stops with the formation of fac‐[Re(CO)3Br(CNPhpF)2] in boiling THF. An ongoing carbonyl exchange is observed at higher temperatures, e. g. in refluxing toluene, with the final formation of the [Re(CNPhpF)6]+ cation. The progress of the reactions has been studied by 19F NMR spectroscopy and the structures of [Re(CO)Br(CNPhpF)4] and [Re(CNPhpF)6](BPh4) have been elucidated by X‐ray diffraction.
A semi‐analytical study of the MHD micropolar water‐based hybrid nanofluid flow over a stretching surface with variable heat source/sink
Authors: Lone Showkat Ahmad , Raizah Zehba , Saeed Anwar , Dawar Abdullah , Galal Ahmed M. , Kumam Poom
Published: October 2022

The industry level enhancement of the thermal conductivities of various base fluids is greatly aided by a nanofluid. Most engineering phenomena call for the removal of heat in order to improve industrial machinery performance. These fluids have a variety of uses, such as coolants for electric gadgets, car engines, heat exchangers and nuclear reactors. In this article, the authors have investigated the micropolar water‐based hybrid nanofluid containing silver and alumina nanoparticles over an extending surface. The flow problem also takes into account the Joule heating, variable heat source/sink, thermal radiation, chemical reaction, and activation energy. The flow problem is taken in the form of PDEs which are then transformed to ODEs by means of suitable similarity variables. The flow problem is solved with the help of HAM, which is capable of solving highly nonlinear partial and ordinary differential equations. The convergence of the HAM is also shown with the help of Figure 1. The results showed that the physical parameters have a greater influence on the velocity profile of nanofluid flow than hybrid nanofluid flow. However, the upshots of the physical constraints on the thermal profiles have a dominant impact on the hybrid nanoliquid flow relative to nanofluid. Also, it found that the physical parameters have a greater influence on the energy and mass transfer rates of the hybrid nanofluid flow than the nanofluid.
On the Accuracy of Geoid Heights Derived from Discrete GNSS/Levelling Data Using Kriging Interpolation
Authors: Alcaras Emanuele , Amoroso Pier Paolo , Falchi Ugo , Parente Claudio
Published: October 2022

Local geoid models presenting higher resolution than global ones are generally derived by a combination of different datasets, integrating individual pure astrogeodetic, gravimetric and GNSS/levelling solutions. To define local geoid, different interpolators may be applied starting from dataset of geoid height values. It is well known that the accuracy of the resulting models depends not only by interpolation method, but also by points numerosity and distribution. This article aims to analyse the performance of Kriging approaches in dependence of the density of the dataset. The experiments are carried out on geoid heights extracted in random way from an already existing local geoid model: different subsets are organized containing an increasing number of points in the same area and each of them is submitted to Kriging interpolations (Universal Kriging and Ordinary Kriging). The resulting models are compared with the original one and residuals are calculated to evaluate the accuracy in dependence of point density. The results demonstrate the efficiency of the Kriging methods, highlighting the possibility to achieve higher accuracy (a few centimetres) using a point density of 1 point/100 sqkm, in absence of gravity anomalies. Ordinary Kriging provides better results than Universal Kriging but the undulations between the resulting models are minimal (a few millimetres) when a high number of points is involved. Furthermore, the results highlight the limit of the leave one out Cross validation since it supplies higher residuals than direct comparison for both Universal Kriging and Ordinary Kriging, when few points are used.
When the Footprint Is a Carbon One: A Sustainable Paradigm for the Analysis of the Contemporary Society
Authors: Calderamo Arianna , Nocenzi Mariella
Published: October 2022

Starting from the commonly used meaning of a “human” footprint, connected to the traces that every action, product or process leaves in the atmosphere as greenhouse gases, the paper explores new perspectives for a changing social theory considering the principles of sustainability. This theoretical hypothesis stands on the necessity of a revision of the sociological principles to observe and analyse the contemporary phenomena connected to economic, political and social transformations due to environmental problems. The focus is on human action and its new role in the changing social space, time and relations. The application of these revised notions to a concrete process, such as the assessment of policies and social participation in Italian National Parks, according to the “positive thinking” model, will add some evidence about the radical transformation of cognitive paths and social dynamics.
The Right to be Forgotten in the Digital Age
Authors: Allegri Maria Romana
Published: October 2022

The right to be forgotten (RTBF) is meant to provide individuals with an actual representation of their personal identity by obtaining the erasure of their past “digital traces” left online. In 2014, the CJEU’s leading case Google Spain accorded the data subject the right to obtain the de-referencing of personal information related to past events from search engines. Consequently, the RTBF has been included in the title of Article 17 GDPR as a synonym of the right to erasure, without however being explicitly explained or regulated. Alongside this process, the ECtHR has constantly highlighted the need for fair balancing between the right to respect for private life and the right to freedom of expression, often denying the applicants the right to obtain removal or anonymization of news reports published in the past because of their permanent public interest. By stressing that Internet archives constitute an important source for education and historical research, it admitted, though, that the obligations of search engines may differ from those of the original publishers of the information. This reasoning, however, does not seem to have influenced a recent decision of the ItalianCorte di Cassazione, commented in the final part of this chapter.
Countering “Surveillance Capitalism.” The Intertwining of Objective and Subjective Factors
Authors: Susca Emanuela
Published: October 2022

Why do users generally pay little attention to the serious threats to their privacy inherent in new communication technologies? In attempting to answer this question, I consider two different and complementary approaches to the issue of surveillance: the now classic view of Bauman and the more recent, but already well-known, view of Zuboff. I show how Bauman focuses mainly on subjective factors, represented by the psychic motivations of the user, and assigns little importance to technology, whereas technology as an objective factor plays a fundamental role in Zuboff’s analysis of surveillance capitalism.

Hence, I propose to broaden the theoretical framework in order to better capture the intertwining of subjective and objective factors, particularly by taking into account studies on the new philanthropy. On closer inspection, the fact that the new economy tycoons are also often committed to ostentatiously doing good for the less fortunate could explain users’ overconfidence. Since ordinary people see the alleged generosity of the owners of Microsoft, Amazon, or Facebook widely publicized, it is reasonable for them to assume that these “modern-day heroes” are offering their services free of charge to all and sundry for the common good.
Investigating Exhaust Data in Virtual Communities
Authors: Agostini Stefano , Gianturco Giovanna , Mechant Peter
Published: October 2022

Contemporary society is an “informational” or “networked” society, actualized by individuals engaging in communication processes that take place in online social networks. While interpreting “traces” as “documents in archives (which) for the most part come from witnesses in spite of themselves” ((Ricoeur, Memory, history, forgetting. University of Chicago Press, 2009: 171), we will explore how the users of virtual communities consider and use these traces in different ways than originally intended, thus acquiring different meanings. In specific, we will focus on two research questions in this chapter: (1) What are the features of the information that are left unintentionally by the users of virtual communities? and (2) What is the role of such unintentional information in virtual communities? In order to answer these research questions, we use data gathered by means of 49 semi-structured qualitative interviews (see Agostini & Mechant, International Journal Of Electrical, Electronics And Data Communication (IJEEDC) 3:19–23, 2015). Results show how the members of virtual communities play an active role in decoding “traces” as they rely on their own social contexts and are capable of changing messages themselves through collective action. We also demonstrate that sense of community is mediated by community awareness and that the regular exchange of information has a positive effect on the different dimensions that support sense of community.
Visible and Invisible Traces: Managing the Self on Social Media Platforms
Authors: Casagrande Gaia
Published: October 2022

This chapter explores the traces that we voluntarily leave behind on social media platforms, dictated by the selection of what we want to show and what we want to hide and how this affects the perception of ourselves.

Nowadays, digital platforms have a huge impact on our lives, in re-shaping both our habits and our personal attitudes. Particularly on social media, both tangible and intangible aspects of our lives can be datafied, which in turn affect and shape our feelings and experiences.

In order to explore this dynamic, I interviewed a selected target group of young media professionals who are used to promoting themselves and their work on social media, through the so-called practice of self-branding.

From the qualitative analysis of 20 in-depth interviews, this chapter investigates traces derived from implicit self-branding practices, which can take the form of controlling what is not to be shared, measuring the online reactions, and hiding relevant information. All these non-activities are also strategic in building and managing the users’ online branded personas.

Thus, through the management of the visible and invisible traces on social media profiles, users convey a branded and polished version of themselves.
Themen und Thesen dieses Buches
Authors: Weißmann Martin
Published: October 2022

Der in der Einleitung zu diesem Buch formulierte Anspruch war, Übersetzungsarbeit zwischen zwei Bereichen sozialwissenschaftlicher Forschung zu leisten: Der zeitgenössischen, nur durch ihren Gegenstandsbezug integrierten, empiristischen Polizeiforschung auf der einen Seite und einigen stärker theorieorientierten Bereichen soziologischer Forschung auf der anderen Seite. Realisiert wurde dieser Anspruch in der Durchführung von Analysen von Polizei als Organisation und Polizeiarbeit als professioneller Arbeit. Diese Analysen wiederum wurden vorbereitet und gerahmt durch die Diskussion und Entwicklung von Konzepten wie demjenigen der „Grenzrolle“ oder der „misstrauischen Sozialsysteme“ sowie des Äquivalenzfunktionalismus als Methode soziologischer Analyse, Begriffsbildung und Kritik. Jedes Kapitel enthält eigene, in sich relativ abgeschlossene Argumentationen, die hier abschließend noch einmal im Zusammenhang in Erinnerung gerufen werden sollen.
Verräter und Spione. Die Informanten der Kriminalpolizei
Authors: Weißmann Martin
Published: October 2022

In Anschluss an die historischen Analysen zur (Vor-)Geschichte kriminalpolizeilicher Behörden beschäftigt sich das sechste Kapitel mit dem Informationsproblem der modernen Polizei. Der Ausgangspunkt ist die Überlegung, dass dieses Problem als erwartbare Folge der Ausdifferenzierung von ermittelnden und normabweichenden Systemen aus der sie umfassenden Sozialwelt rekonstruiert werden kann (6.1). Daran anschließend formuliere ich einen Vorschlag für eine Typologie der Informanten der Polizei und anderer ermittelnder Sozialsysteme in Form einer durch zwei aufeinander bezogene Unterscheidungen konstituierten Kreuztabelle: Stammt der Informant aus dem Kontext, über den er informiert – oder wurde er vom ermittelnden System zum Zweck der Informationsbeschaffung in diesen Kontext entsendet? Und: Handelt es sich um einen einmaligen Kontakt oder sind Ermittler und Informant Teilnehmer eines auf Wiederholung angelegten Kontaktsystems (6.2)? Schließlich beschäftige ich mich mit den Folgeproblemen der für die moderne Polizeiarbeit charakteristischen Formalisierung der Informantenrolle (6.3) sowie den Versuchen ermittelnder Systeme, Mitwisser in Informanten zu transformieren (6.4) und sie in ihrer Glaubwürdigkeit einzuschätzen (6.5).
Wohlwollende Zweifel und simulierte Rechtsberatung. Die polizeiliche Beschuldigtenvernehmung als Grenzsystem
Authors: Weißmann Martin
Published: October 2022

Das Kapitel analysiert den Interaktionstyp der polizeilichen Beschuldigtenvernehmung als Grenzsystem zwischen Beschuldigtem und Justiz (Staatsanwaltschaft und Gericht). Die Grenzstellung erlaubt dem Polizisten, eine gewisse Distanz zu den Zielen sowie Einfluss auf die Entscheidungen der Staatsanwaltschaft darzustellen (insbesondere durch die Formulierung des Aussageprotokolls) und seine Skepsis bezüglich der Darstellung des Beschuldigten als wohlwollende Zweifel, als Dienst an dessen möglichst plausibler Darstellung vor der Anklagebehörde zu präsentieren. Weder (simulierte) Freundschaft, noch (simulierte) Feindschaft sind also das zentrale Erfolgsmittel des Vernehmers, sondern die Inszenierung als persönlich nicht involvierter Rechtsberater des Beschuldigten und Vermittler gegenüber einer ihm ansonsten feindlich gesonnenen Justiz. So wird verständlich, dass die Mehrzahl Beschuldigter trotz ihres Rechts auf Aussageverweigerung bei der Polizei eine oft selbstbelastende Aussage zu Protokoll gibt.
Fehler bei der Arbeit. Der polizeiliche Korpsgeist als Fall einer berufsgruppenspezifischen Versicherungsgemeinschaft
Authors: Weißmann Martin
Published: October 2022

Die These des Kapitels ist, dass die Genese und Stabilität von Solidaritätsnormen unter Polizisten am besten und primär als Reaktion auf das geteilte Risiko der einzelnen Polizisten erklärt werden kann, im Zuge der Durchführung entgleisender polizeilicher Einsätze Straftaten wie Hausfriedensbruch, Nötigung, Freiheitsberaubung, Körperverletzung oder Strafvereitelung im Amt zu begehen. Wenn jede Polizistin davon ausgehen muss, im Zuge ihres Berufslebens Straftaten dieser Art vor den Augen ihrer Kolleginnen zu begehen, weiß sie, dass sie auf das stumme Einverständnis der Dienstgruppe bezüglich der Unvermeidbarkeit und Akzeptabilität unrechtmäßiger polizeilicher Maßnahmen angewiesen ist. Angesichts der für professionelle Berufsgruppen charakteristischen Kombination von Problemlagen (Handlungszwang unter Bedingung knapper Zeit, ohne vollständige Informationen und mit gesellschaftlich als hoch bedeutsam eingeschätzten und irreversiblen Folgen, oft für das Wohlergehen von Personen) wird die (Zwangs-)Mitgliedschaft in dieser informal-illegalen kollegialen Versicherungsgemeinschaft aus Sicht der einzelnen Polizistin zur schwer verzichtbaren Voraussetzung, um ihrer Arbeit nachgehen zu können. Die aus rechtsstaatlicher Perspektive besonders problematische Eigenschaft polizeilicher Dienstgruppen als informaler Versicherungsgemeinschaften ist, dass sie regelmäßig nicht nur unrechtmäßige Polizeiarbeit decken, die im Zuge solcher Polizeieinsätze anfällt, die mit besten Absichten der Polizisten begonnen werden und dann entgleisen, sondern auch das intentional unrechtmäßige Handeln etwa im Fall des rassistisch motivierten Handelns von Polizisten, im Fall exzessiver Polizeigewalt oder im Fall von Korruption.
Copolymerization of anthranilic acid and o-phenylenediamine by a free radical in the presence of nanoparticles of copper hexacyanoferrates for the removal of cesium ions in aqueous solutions
Authors: Metwally Amal M. , Azab Mohamed M. , Mahmoud Amaal A. , Ali Hager M. , Shaaban Abdel-Fattah F.
Published: October 2022

Core–shell nanocomposite of copper hexacyanoferrate copolymer of anthranilic acid with o-phenylenediamine (CHCF-poly-AA-co-OPD)) was synthesized and used as ion exchanger for the removal of cesium ions from wastewater. The nanocomposite was prepared by implantation of CHCF nanoparticles into the copolymer of poly(AA-co-OPD) during the polymerization process. By transmission electron microscope, scanning electron microscope and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, the surface morphology and the porous structure were investigated. The physicochemical characterization of the prepared core–shell nanocomposite was carried out by FT-IR spectroscopy, XRD and thermogravimetric analysis. As a function in pH, metal ion concentration, shaking time and temperature, the capacity of the CSNC toward cesium ions and the behaviors of the process were studied. The results illustrated that the maximum capacity was recorded 1.35 mmol g−1 at pH 11, 10 mmol L−1 Cs+ and 25 °C. Also, Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin–Radushkevich (D–R) isotherms models were studied, in which the data were well fitted with Langmuir model, suggesting that the uptake of Cs+ was monolayer and homogeneous. Also, the adsorption kinetics data were fitted well to pseudo-second-order model. Thermodynamic parameters were calculated in the temperature from 25 to 60 °C, and the data revealed that Cs+ sorption was endothermic, spontaneous and more favorable at higher temperature. Up to 92% desorption of Cs+ was completed with 2 M KCl.
Choice of specimen’s extraction site affects wound morbidity in laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery
Authors: Al Dhaheri Mahmood , Ibrahim Mohanad , Al-Yahri Omer , Amer Ibrahim , Khawar Mahwish , Al-Naimi Noof , Ahmed Ayman Abdelhafiz , Nada Mohamed Abu , Parvaiz Amjad
Published: October 2022

Background

The choice for an ideal site of specimen extraction following laparoscopic colorectal surgery remains debatable. However, midline incision (MI) is usually employed for right and left–sided colonic resections while left iliac fossa or suprapubic transverse incision (STI) were reserved for sigmoid and rectal cancer resections.

Objective

To compare the incidence of surgical site infection (SSI) and incisional hernia (IH) in elective laparoscopic colorectal surgery for cancer and specimen extraction via MI or STI.

Method

Prospectively collected data of elective laparoscopic colorectal cancer resections between January 2017 and December 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. MI was employed for right and left–sided colonic resections while STI was used for sigmoid and rectal resections. SSI is defined according to the US CDC criteria. IH was diagnosed clinically and confirmed by CT scan at 1 year.

Results

A total of 168 patients underwent elective laparoscopic colorectal resections. MI was used in 90 patients while 78 patients had STI as an extraction site. Demographic and preoperative data is similar for two groups. The rate of IH was 13.3% for MI and 0% in the STI (p = 0.001). SSI was seen in 16.7% of MI vs 11.5% of STI (p = 0.34). Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that the choice of extraction site is associated with statistically significant higher incisional hernia rate.

Conclusion

MI for specimen extraction is associated with higher incidence of both SSI and IH. The choice of incision for extraction site is an independent predicative factor for significantly higher IH and increased SSI rates.
Free vibrations of small-scale plates with complex shape based on the nonlocal elasticity theory
Authors: Kurpa Lidiya , Awrejcewicz Jan , Mazur Olga , Morachkovska Iryna
Published: October 2022

Free vibrations of the orthotropic micro/nanoplate with nonclassical shape are investigated. The considered model is based on the nonlocal elasticity theory. The developed method uses the Ritz method as well as R-function theory for the construction of the system of coordinate functions. The linear frequencies are obtained for a rectangular plate with two cutouts on opposite sides, while the boundary conditions are considered of several types, including simply supported and clamped edges. The small-scale effects for various sizes of cutouts are discussed.
The units of rate constants in chemical kinetics
Authors: Frey Jeremy , Wallington Timothy J. , Hartshorn Richard , Quack Martin , Heus Pascal , Emmerson Steven
Published: October 2022

This short article discusses the units of rate constants as used in chemical kinetics and, in particular, the aspect of non-integral powers of base units, which some might find unusual for units in the SI system. In many ways the fact that the units of the rate constants as usually defined convey information about the order of the reaction or reactions involved is very useful, but in other ways having the same (or at least very similar) quantity that has different units under different conditions is not so desirable. Furthermore, just as with chemical equilibrium constants, taking functions of the rate constant (such as the logarithm when representing the Arrhenius equation in the form ln $$k\,{\text {vs.}}\,1/T$$

k

vs.

1
/
T

) needs special attention. Here we examine a possible alternative definition of rate constants in terms of an explicit ratio to the concentration standard state and although we acknowledge that this approach unlikely to be adopted by the community, it serves as a basis to discuss the meaning of rate constants.
EU-Klimapaket als vorläufiger Höhepunkt der EU-Umweltpolitik
Authors: Schöngen Barbara
Published: October 2022

Als Fortführung des European Green Deal wurde am 14.7.2021 das bisher umfangreichste Klimapaket
der Europäischen Kommission vorgestellt: Das Klimapaket “Fit For 55”. Welche Maßnahmen
beinhaltet das Klimapaket genau und welche Sektoren sind inwieweit betroffen? Ist eine zügige Umsetzung
der Maßnahmen überhaupt realisierbar?
Das System der Blankettverweisungen der 71 und 71a BNatSchG im Lichte des Bestimmtheitsgrundsatzes – Rechtliche Bestandsaufnahme und kritische Würdigung
Authors: Gerhold Sönke Florian , Poplat Tim
Published: October 2022

Das BNatSchG ist seit seiner Einführung im Jahr 1976 wiederholt geändert worden. Mit nahezu
jeder Änderung wurde das verwaltungsrechtlichen Regelungsregime ausdifferenzierter und komplexer. Die
Kataloge geschützter Arten wuchsen über Bezugnahmen auf diverse Rechtsakte außerhalb des
BNatSchG stetig. Auch die neue Bundesregierung hat weitere Reformen des BNatSchG angekündigt. Die
Strafvorschriften der 71f. BNatSchG wurden im Rahmen der Reformen jedoch nicht grundlegend überarbeitet,
da sie als bloße Blankettnormen die verwaltungsrechtlichen Verbote lediglich flankieren und insofern
akzessorisch wirken. Den vom BVerfG aufgestellten Anforderungen an die Bestimmtheit von Strafgesetzen entsprechen
sie allerdings schon seit Jahren nicht mehr.
Fiber Fabry-Perot Demodulation System Based on Dual Fizeau Interferometers
Authors: Kong Deyi , Song Zengyu , Wang Ning , Wang Zhiqi , Huang Peijian , Zhu Yong , Zhang Jie
Published: October 2022

In this study, we present a dual-Fizeau-interferometer-based high-speed and wide-range fiber-optic Fabry-Perot (F-P) demodulation system. We employ two Fizeau interferometers with air cavity thickness satisfying the quadrature requirement to increase the demodulation speed and broaden the demodulation range in order to address the issues of the existing fiber F-P demodulation system’s sluggish demodulation rate and limited range. In order to investigate the demodulation properties of the dual-Fizeau-interferometer-based demodulation system, we derive and create a theoretical model of the system. The theoretical model, which primarily consists of the structural design of the interferometer and the study of the center wavelength of the light sources and their bandwidth selection, is used to construct the optical structure of the demodulation system. According to the calculation results, the demodulated signal exhibits the best contrast ratio when the two light sources’ respective center wavelengths are 780 nm and 850 nm, and their bandwidths are 28 nm and 30 nm. Finally, we finish evaluating the demodulation system’s demodulation performance, parameter calibration, and assembly debugging. The test results demonstrate the constant operation of the demodulation system, an update rate of 100 kHz, a demodulation range of 4.74 µm, and a cavity length resolution of approximately 5 nm. Additionally, the system can perform high speed demodulation thanks to the light emitting diode’s (LED’s) nanosecond level switching speed and the usage of a single point detector.
New class of high-entropy pseudobrookite titanate with excellent thermal stability, low thermal expansion coefficient, and low thermal conductivity
Authors: Wu Jinyu , Ma Xiaohui , Hu Xiaoxia , Yan Liwen , Hou Feng , Liu Jiachen , Guo Anran
Published: October 2022

As a type of titanate, the pseudobrookite (MTi2O5/M2TiO5) exhibits a low thermal expansion coefficient and thermal conductivity, as well as excellent dielectric and solar spectrum absorption properties. However, the pseudobrookite is unstable and prone to decomposing below 1200 °C, which limits the practical application of the pseudobrookite. In this paper, the high-entropy pseudobrookite ceramic is synthesized for the first time. The pure high-entropy (Mg,Co,Ni,Zn)Ti2O5 with the pseudobrookite structure and the biphasic high-entropy ceramic composed of the high-entropy pseudobrookite (Cr,Mn,Fe,Al,Ga)2TiO5 and the high-entropy spinel (Cr,Mn,Fe,Al,Ga,Ti)3O4 are successfully prepared by the in-situ solid-phase reaction method. The comparison between the theoretical crystal structure of the pseudobrookite and the aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (AC-STEM) images of high-entropy (Mg,Co,Ni,Zn)Ti2O5 shows that the metal ions (M and Ti ions) are disorderly distributed at the A site and the B site in high-entropy (Mg,Co,Ni,Zn)Ti2O5, leading to an unprecedentedly high configurational entropy of high-entropy (Mg,Co,Ni,Zn)Ti2O5. The bulk high-entropy (Mg,Co,Ni,Zn)Ti2O5 ceramics exhibit a low thermal expansion coefficient of 6.35×10−6 K−1 in the temperature range of 25–1400 °C and thermal conductivity of 1.840 W·m−1·K−1 at room temperature, as well as the excellent thermal stability at 200, 600, and 1400 °C. Owing to these outstanding properties, high-entropy (Mg,Co,Ni,Zn)Ti2O5 is expected to be the promising candidate for high-temperature thermal insulation. This work has further extended the family of different crystal structures of high-entropy ceramics reported to date.
Health conditions of Guiana dolphins facing cumulative anthropogenic impacts
Authors: Soares Estela Dibo , Cantor Mauricio , Bracarense Ana Paula Frederico Rodrigues Loure , Groch Kátia Regina , Domit Camila
Published: October 2022

Coastal areas are associated with anthropogenic activities and stressors that can expose the marine fauna to negative cumulative impacts. Apex predators, such as dolphins, can flag the quality of their environment through health parameters such as cutaneous and body conditions. We examined the potential relationship between environmental conditions and health parameters of Guiana dolphins around a port and a conservation unit within the Paranaguá Estuarine Complex, southern Brazil. During boat surveys between July 2018 and April 2019 covering both areas, we measured environmental parameters, photographed dolphins to infer their health condition and the frequency of use of the estuary. In total, 204 individual Guiana dolphins were photo-identified, 52 of which were seen in both years. In general, dolphins showed poor body condition (76% classified as emaciated or thin in 2018, and 79% in 2019), diverse cutaneous conditions (four types of lesions suggestive of an infectious aetiology, two conditions suggestive of traumatic events of anthropogenic origin, and two anomalous pigmentation) and a high prevalence of such cutaneous conditions (85% in 2018, 70% in 2019). Most individuals maintained their body and cutaneous conditions between the two years. There were no clear differences between the port and the conservation areas in terms of environmental conditions, frequency of use and health conditions of individual dolphins, suggesting that dolphins inhabiting this estuarine complex are exposed to potential cumulative impacts, such as pollutants, noise and habitat degradation. This study provides baseline information on some health parameters of Guiana dolphins in southern Brazil and highlights the need for systematic, long-term health assessment of Guiana dolphin populations to guide conservation actions to safeguard this vulnerable species.
Food security analysis and forecasting: A machine learning case study in southern Malawi
Authors: Gholami Shahrzad , Knippenberg Erwin , Campbell James , Andriantsimba Daniel , Kamle Anusheel , Parthasarathy Pavitraa , Sankar Ria , Birge Cameron , Lavista Ferres Juan
Published: October 2022

Chronic food insecurity remains a challenge globally, exacerbated by climate change-driven shocks such as droughts and floods. Forecasting food insecurity levels and targeting vulnerable households is apriority for humanitarian programming to ensure timely delivery of assistance. In this study, we propose to harness a machine learning approach trained on high-frequency household survey data to infer the predictors of food insecurity and forecast household level outcomes in near real-time. Our empirical analyses leverage the Measurement Indicators for Resilience Analysis (MIRA) data collection protocol implemented by Catholic Relief Services (CRS) in southern Malawi, a series of sentinel sites collecting household data monthly. When focusing on predictors of community-level vulnerability, we show that a random forest model outperforms other algorithms and that location and self-reported welfare are the best predictors of food insecurity. We also show performance results across several neural networks and classical models for various data modeling scenarios to forecast food security. We pose that problem as binary classification via dichotomization of the food security score based on two different thresholds, which results in two different positive class to negative class ratios. Our best performing model has an F1 of 81% and an accuracy of 83% in predicting food security outcomes when the outcome is dichotomized based on threshold 16 and predictor features consist of historical food security score along with 20 variables selected by artificial intelligence explainability frameworks. These results showcase the value of combining high-frequency sentinel site data with machine learning algorithms to predict future food insecurity outcomes.
Stress, anxiety and depression in parents of children with autism spectrum disorders in Kazakhstan: prevalence and associated factors
Authors: Alibekova Raushan , Kai Chan Chee , Crape Byron , Kadyrzhanuly Kainar , Gusmanov Arnur , An Sofiya , Bulekbayeva Sholpan , Akhmetzhanova Zulfiya , Ainabekova Assel , Yerubayev Zhanibek , Yessimkulova Fariza , Bekisheva Aislu , Ospanova Zarina , Rakhimova Makhabbat
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Studies worldwide reported increased levels of stress among parents of children with autism due to the unique caregiving challenges. While research has shown that parents' and autistic child's demographics and behavioral characteristics are associated with psychological distress among caregivers of children with autism, very few studies have investigated the impact of the caregiver's unmet needs on various aspects of the perceived family burden.

Methods

This cross-sectional study examined the prevalence of stress, anxiety and depressive symptoms among a wide range of 146 parents with different sociodemographic characteristics, social support and unmet needs who care for children with autism spectrum disorder. These parents were recruited from autism non-governmental organizations and the National Children's Rehabilitation Center in Astana, Kazakhstan, a post-Soviet country in Central Asia. Multiple linear regression analyses were utilized to examine the relationship of parental psychological distress variables with social support, unmet needs and parental and child sociodemographic characteristics.

Results

Significantly higher levels of stress and depression were reported among parents who perceived their needs as being unmet or extremely unmet as addressed by societal acceptance as compared to parents who reported adequate levels of needs met by social acceptance. Employed parents and parents with a higher level of perceived friends' support had less symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depression.

Conclusions

Increasing public awareness about autism and providing early detection and interventions for distressed caregivers of children with autism may be helpful in improving healthy functioning of parents and the entire family.
Graph distances in scale-free percolation: the logarithmic case
Authors: Hao Nannan , Heydenreich Markus
Published: October 2022

Scale-free percolation is a stochastic model for complex networks. In this spatial random graph model, vertices
$x,y\in\mathbb{Z}^d$
are linked by an edge with probability depending on independent and identically distributed vertex weights and the Euclidean distance
$|x-y|$
. Depending on the various parameters involved, we get a rich phase diagram. We study graph distance and compare it to the Euclidean distance of the vertices. Our main attention is on a regime where graph distances are (poly-)logarithmic in the Euclidean distance. We obtain improved bounds on the logarithmic exponents. In the light tail regime, the correct exponent is identified.
TORSORS AND STABLE EQUIVARIANT BIRATIONAL GEOMETRY
Authors: HASSETT BRENDAN , TSCHINKEL YURI
Published: October 2022

We develop the formalism of universal torsors in equivariant birational geometry and apply it to produce new examples of nonbirational but stably birational actions of finite groups.
Automatic Voter Reregistration as a Housewarming Gift: Quantifying Causal Effects on Turnout Using Movers
Authors: KIM SEO-YOUNG SILVIA
Published: October 2022

How much can automatic voter registration (AVR) increase turnout? Unlike in many democracies, most American voters face the additional cost of registration, resulting in potential disenfranchisement. Automatic voter registration is naturally expected to promote turnout, but its causal effects have rarely been quantified due to violations of crucial assumptions. I show that a variation of AVR that targets existing registrants as opposed to eligible nonregistrants—termed automatic reregistration (ARR)—increases turnout by 5.8 percentage points. I exploit a natural experiment in a novel administrative dataset; election officials in Orange County, California, notified existing registrants who moved within-county that their residential addresses were automatically updated. The treatment alleviated registrants of reregistration burdens, but only for those who moved before the legal cutoff date, enabling a quasi-random treatment assignment. Contrary to the popular narrative, ARR had no significant effect on the turnout of registered Democrats, but Republicans’ and nonpartisans’ turnout increased by 8.1 and 7.4 percentage points, respectively.
Machine Learning and the Stock Market
Authors: Brogaard Jonathan , Zareei Abalfazl
Published: October 2022

Practitioners allocate substantial resources to technical analysis whereas academic theories of market efficiency rule out technical trading profitability. We study this long-standing puzzle by applying a diverse set of machine learning algorithms. The results show that an investor can find profitable technical trading rules using past prices, and that this out-of-sample profitability decreases through time, showing that markets have become more efficient over time. In addition, we find that the evolutionary genetic algorithm’s attitude in not shying away from erroneous predictions gives it an edge in building profitable strategies compared to the strict loss-minimization-focused machine learning algorithms.
Modelling, simulation and optimisation of parabolic trough power plants
Authors: BAKHTI H. , GASSER I. , SCHUSTER S. , PARFENOV E.
Published: October 2022

We present a mathematical model built to describe the fluid dynamics for the heat transfer fluid in a parabolic trough power plant. Such a power plant consists of a network of tubes for the heat transport fluid. In view of optimisation tasks in the planning and in the operational phase, it is crucial to find a compromise between a very detailed description of many possible physical phenomena and a necessary simplicity needed for a fast and robust computational approach. We present the model, a numerical approach, simulation for single tubes and also for realistic network settings. In addition, we optimise the power output with respect to the operational parameters.
Laws and Models at the League of Nations: Econometrics in Geneva, 1930–1939
Authors: Ehrenfreund Max
Published: October 2022

Economists began using models between the First and Second World Wars. The first econometric model of the United States was produced by Jan Tinbergen at the League of Nations. Modeling was a methodological solution to the political problems of the interwar period. International norms of cooperation and governance had to be reconciled with new demands for national autonomy in economic affairs, with a new understanding of the nation-state's capacity to make and remake the economy. Models possessed a composite, ambiguous character that appealed to both nationalist and internationalist sympathies. Models combined fact and theory, the particular and the general, the local and the global. The practice of modeling contrasted with and largely displaced an older, universalizing discourse of scientific law, predominant in the nineteenth century. Modeling reflected the nation-state's ascendance as a legitimate arbiter of economic policy, situated uneasily within a regime of international norms and institutions.
Phylogeny, origin and diversification of the Dasylirion genus based on matK and rbcL sequences
Authors: Ortiz-Covarrubias Yadhira C. , Orozco-Sifuentes Martha Monzerrath , Mendoza-Rodríguez Dulce V. , Villlarreal-Quintanilla José A. , Martínez Octavio , Hernández-Godínez Fernando , Jáuregui-González María de Jesús , Reyes-Valdés M. Humberto
Published: October 2022

The Dasylirion genus is highly represented in the arid and semi-arid regions of Mexico and USA, playing important ecological and economical roles. Inferring the evolutionary patterns of this group will eventually facilitate understanding biological phenomena and outlining conservation and usage strategies. We performed a molecular phylogenetic analysis based on two chloroplast DNA regions: maturase-K gene (matK) and the large subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase gene (rbcL). We constructed a phylogenetic tree by maximum likelihood with GTR as the sequence substitution model and a relaxed clock, inferred diversification patterns by lineage through time and explored the diversification rates of Dasylirion by the Yule model. The study included 11 species of the genus, which represent 50% of all its known species. We used two calibration points to date the tree, one based on fossil records of Acorus gramineus, and the other on the estimated stem age of the Yucca genus. The combined sequences of the two partial genes comprised 1455 bp and 18 polymorphic sites. We estimated an average substitution rate of 0.0005 nucleotide per million years for the concatenated DNA sequences. The molecular dating analysis estimated that the Dasylirion genus appeared more than 5.46 million years ago, with a rate of diversification of 0.0466 net speciation events per million years. The estimated age represents a lower bound, since not all Dasylirion species are included. These findings are consistent with other origin and diversification hypotheses for arid-land Asparagaceae in the Mexican highlands as a result of geomorphological events in North America.
Agent‐Based Modeling of Alternative Futures in the British Land Use System
Authors: Brown C. , Seo B. , Alexander P , Burton V. , Chacón‐Montalván E. A. , Dunford R. , Merkle M. , Harrison P. A. , Prestele R. , Robinson E. L. , Rounsevell M.
Published: October 2022

Socio‐economic scenarios such as the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) have been widely used to analyze global change impacts, but representing their diversity is a challenge for the analytical tools applied to them. Taking Great Britain as an example, we represent a set of stakeholder‐elaborated UK‐SSP scenarios, linked to climate change scenarios (Representative Concentration Pathways), in a globally‐embedded agent‐based modeling framework. We find that distinct model components are required to account for divergent behavioral, social and societal conditions in the SSPs, and that these have dramatic impacts on land system outcomes. From strong social networks and environmental sustainability in SSP1 to land consolidation and technological intensification in SSP5, scenario‐specific model designs vary widely from one another and from present‐day conditions. Changes in social and human capitals reflecting social cohesion, equality, health and education can generate impacts larger than those of technological and economic change, and comparable to those of modeled climate change. We develop an open‐access, transferrable model framework and provide UK‐SSP projections to 2080 at 1 km2 resolution, revealing large differences in land management intensities, provision of a range of ecosystem services, and the knowledge and motivations underlying land manager decision‐making. These differences suggest the existence of large but underappreciated areas of scenario space, within which novel options for land system sustainability could occur.
From Fossil to Active Hydrothermal Outflow in the Back‐Arc of the Central Apennines (Zannone Island, Italy)
Authors: Curzi M. , Caracausi A. , Rossetti F. , Rabiee A. , Billi A. , Carminati E. , Aldega L. , Bernasconi S. M. , Boschi C. , Drivenes K. , Rizzo A. L. , Sørensen B. E.
Published: October 2022

Post‐orogenic back‐arc magmatism is accompanied by hydrothermal ore deposits and mineralizations derived from mantle and crustal sources. We investigate Zannone Island (ZI), back‐arc Tyrrhenian basin, Italy, to define the source(s) of mineralizing hydrothermal fluids and their relationships with the regional petrological‐tectonic setting. On ZI, early Miocene thrusting was overprinted by late Miocene post‐orogenic extension and related hydrothermal alteration. Since active submarine hydrothermal outflow is reported close to the island, Zannone provides an ideal site to determine the P‐T‐X evolution of the long‐lived hydrothermal system. We combined field work with microstructural analyses on syn‐tectonic quartz veins and carbonate mineralizations, X‐ray diffraction analysis, microthermometry and element mapping of fluid inclusions (FIs), C, O, and clumped isotopes, and analyses of noble gases (He‐Ne‐Ar) and CO2 content in FIs. Our results document the evolution of a fluid system of magmatic origin with increasing mixing of meteoric fluids. Magmatic fluids were responsible for quartz veins precipitation at ∼125 to 150 MPa and ∼300°C–350°C. With the onset of extensional faulting, magmatic fluids progressively interacted with carbonate rocks and mixed with meteoric fluids, leading to (a) host rock alteration with associated carbonate and minor ore mineral precipitation, (b) progressive fluid neutralization, (c) cooling of the hydrothermal system (from ∼320°C to ∼86°C), and (d) embrittlement and fracturing of the host rocks. Both quartz and carbonate mineralizations show noble gases values lower than those from the adjacent active volcanic areas and submarine hydrothermal systems, indicating that the fossil‐to‐active hydrothermal history is associated with the emplacement of multiple magmatic intrusions.
What Controls Lake Contraction and Then Expansion in Tibetan Plateau’s Endorheic Basin Over the Past Half Century?
Authors: Chen Wenfeng , Liu Yong , Zhang Guoqing , Yang Kun , Zhou Tao , Wang Jida , Shum C. K.
Published: October 2022

The evolutions of climate‐sensitive lakes on the Tibetan Plateau’s endorheic basin exhibited lake shrinkage before the mid‐1990s, but widespread and rapid lake expansions ever since. However, the quantitative contribution of glacier meltwater to lake changes, and the exact mechanisms behind its dominant drivers remain elusive. Here, a comprehensive examination of glacier mass balance since ∼1975 reveals that excess glacier meltwater compensated for net lake volume loss by 21% ± 5% during its contraction period 1975–1995, whereas promoted net volume gain by 9% ± 1% during expansion period 1995–2020 and by 17% ± 2% over the entire period 1975–2020. Further analyses reveal that the interdecadal variations of sea surface temperatures in the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans favor a net moisture inflow to the Tibetan Plateau, leading to increased precipitation since 1995 relative to 1970s–1995, which effectively elucidates the climatic process causing rapid lake volume expansion in the endorheic basin.