bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of enterprise digital transformation on capacity utilization: Evidence from China
Authors: Zhao Ning , Ren Jianxin
Published: March 2023

Based on empirical analysis of Chinese listed companies from 2010 to 2018, we demonstrate that enterprise digital transformation has a significant impact on improving capacity utilization. Digital transformation is a significant driving force behind enterprise-specific production and innovation. Furthermore, enterprise innovation and enterprise-specialized production play a mediating role in the impact of enterprise digital transformation on capacity utilization. Based on these baseline findings, heterogenous analysis reveals that the impact of digital transformation on capacity utilization is significant for firms with larger capital scales or poor governance and manufacturing abilities. However, it is less important for enterprises with small- and medium-sized capital scales or with more standardized governance, as well as non-manufacturing (service) enterprises.
Marker for kidney fibrosis is associated with inflammation and deterioration of kidney function in people with type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria
Authors: Poulsen Christina Gjerlev , Rasmussen Daniel G. K. , Genovese Federica , Hansen Tine W. , Nielsen Signe Holm , Reinhard Henrik , von Scholten Bernt Johan , Jacobsen Peter K. , Parving Hans-Henrik , Karsdal Morten Asser , Rossing Peter , Frimodt-Møller Marie
Published: March 2023

Background

Diabetic kidney disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Dysregulated turnover of collagen type III is associated with development of kidney fibrosis. We investigated whether a degradation product of collagen type III (C3M) was a risk marker for progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD), occurrence of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and mortality during follow up in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and microalbuminuria. Moreover, we investigated whether C3M was correlated with markers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction at baseline.

Methods

C3M was measured in serum (sC3M) and urine (uC3M) in 200 participants with T2D and microalbuminuria included in an observational, prospective study at Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen in Denmark from 2007–2008. Baseline measurements included 12 markers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. The endpoints were CVD, mortality, and CKD progression (>30% decline in eGFR).

Results

Mean (SD) age was 59 (9) years, eGFR 90 (17) ml/min/1.73m2 and median (IQR) urine albumin excretion rate 102 (39–229) mg/24-h. At baseline all markers for inflammation were positively correlated with sC3M (p≤0.034). Some, but not all, markers for endothelial dysfunction were correlated with C3M. Median follow-up ranged from 4.9 to 6.3 years. Higher sC3M was associated with CKD progression (with mortality as competing risk) with a hazard ratio (per doubling) of 2.98 (95% CI: 1.41–6.26; p = 0.004) adjusted for traditional risk factors. uC3M was not associated with CKD progression. Neither sC3M or uC3M were associated with risk of CVD or mortality.

Conclusions

Higher sC3M was a risk factor for chronic kidney disease progression and was correlated with markers of inflammation.
Clinical phenotypes of chronic cough categorised by cluster analysis
Authors: Kang Jiyeon , Seo Woo Jung , Kang Jieun , Park So Hee , Kang Hyung Koo , Park Hye Kyeong , Lee Sung-Soon , Moon Ji-Yong , Kim Deog Kyeom , Jang Seung Hun , Kim Jin Woo , Seo Minseok , Koo Hyeon-Kyoung
Published: March 2023

Background

Chronic cough is a heterogeneous disease with various aetiologies that are difficult to determine. Our study aimed to categorise the phenotypes of chronic cough.

Methods

Adult patients with chronic cough were assessed based on the characteristics and severity of their cough using the COugh Assessment Test (COAT) and the Korean version of the Leicester Cough Questionnaire. A cluster analysis was performed using the K-prototype, and the variables to be included were determined using a correlation network.

Results

In total, 255 participants were included in the analysis. Based on the correlation network, age, score for each item, and total COAT score were selected for the cluster analysis. Four clusters were identified and characterised as follows: 1) elderly with mild cough, 2) middle-aged with less severe cough, 3) relatively male-predominant youth with severe cough, and 4) female-predominant elderly with severe cough. All clusters had distinct demographic and symptomatic characteristics and underlying causes.

Conclusions

Cluster analysis of age, score for each item, and total COAT score identified 4 distinct phenotypes of chronic cough with significant differences in the aetiologies. Subgrouping patients with chronic cough into homogenous phenotypes could provide a stratified medical approach for individualising diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
The claudin-like apicomplexan microneme protein is required for gliding motility and infectivity of Plasmodium sporozoites
Authors: Loubens Manon , Marinach Carine , Paquereau Clara-Eva , Hamada Soumia , Hoareau-Coudert Bénédicte , Akbar David , Franetich Jean-François , Silvie Olivier
Published: March 2023

Invasion of host cells by apicomplexan parasites such as Toxoplasma and Plasmodium spp requires the sequential secretion of the parasite apical organelles, the micronemes and the rhoptries. The claudin-like apicomplexan microneme protein (CLAMP) is a conserved protein that plays an essential role during invasion by Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites and in Plasmodium falciparum asexual blood stages. CLAMP is also expressed in Plasmodium sporozoites, the mosquito-transmitted forms of the malaria parasite, but its role in this stage is still unknown. CLAMP is essential for Plasmodium blood stage growth and is refractory to conventional gene deletion. To circumvent this obstacle and study the function of CLAMP in sporozoites, we used a conditional genome editing strategy based on the dimerisable Cre recombinase in the rodent malaria model parasite P. berghei. We successfully deleted clamp gene in P. berghei transmission stages and analyzed the functional consequences on sporozoite infectivity. In mosquitoes, sporozoite development and egress from oocysts was not affected in conditional mutants. However, invasion of the mosquito salivary glands was dramatically reduced upon deletion of clamp gene. In addition, CLAMP-deficient sporozoites were impaired in cell traversal and productive invasion of mammalian hepatocytes. This severe phenotype was associated with major defects in gliding motility and with reduced shedding of the sporozoite adhesin TRAP. Expansion microscopy revealed partial colocalization of CLAMP and TRAP in a subset of micronemes, and a distinct accumulation of CLAMP at the apical tip of sporozoites. Collectively, these results demonstrate that CLAMP is essential across invasive stages of the malaria parasite, and support a role of the protein upstream of host cell invasion, possibly by regulating the secretion or function of adhesins in Plasmodium sporozoites.
Individual outfit designs: Expanding idea development using shared mood boards
Authors: Omwami Anniliina , Lahti Henna , Seitamaa-Hakkarainen Pirita
Published: March 2023

Earlier studies have indicated that mood boards have notable potential. The impact of collectively created mood boards on individual ideation, however, has not been thoroughly studied. This article demonstrates how to bring together collaborative and individual elements in design education. We analysed the role of specific, collectively created, mood boards in student-level conceptual design and how students describe this role. We asked the eleven craft education students participating in this study to develop shared mood boards in team design sessions, and to individually design an outfit utilizing a mood board. The data (i.e. video-recorded interviews, students’ visual and material artefacts, notes) were analysed qualitatively. The results indicated that the shared mood boards played an active role in the students’ processes by expanding their creative idea space and providing a context for their idea development. Our findings could be beneficial for developing craft education by combining collaborative and individual efforts.
Uso de entornos de realidad virtual para la enseñanza de la Historia en educación primaria
Authors: Córcoles-Charcos Mónica , Tirado-Olivares Sergio , González-Calero Somoza José Antonio , Cózar-Gutiérrez Ramón
Published: March 2023

La tecnología ha producido una gran revolución en múltiples aspectos de la sociedad, siendo uno de ellos el ámbito educativo. Una de las nuevas tendencias metodológicas gracias a estas tecnologías se centra en la integración de la realidad virtual (RV) dentro del aula. Entre sus ventajas, destaca la capacidad de adentrar al alumnado en un mundo tridimensional donde es el protagonista del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Sin embargo, el uso de la RV en la didáctica de la Historia ha sido poco estudiada hasta el momento. El presente estudio tiene como principal objetivo evaluar el impacto de la integración de entornos virtuales en los niveles de conocimiento y de motivación alcanzados por estudiantes de 5º curso de Educación Primaria, en comparación con una enseñanza sin RV. A partir de un enfoque metodológico cuantitativo se han comparado y analizado los datos obtenidos en una intervención en la que han participado 38 estudiantes de un centro de Educación Primaria de la Comunidad Autónoma de Castilla-La Mancha (España), divididos en dos grupos (control y experimental). Los contenidos curriculares trabajados se corresponden con la unidad didáctica sobre “España en la Edad Media: Al-Ándalus”. El proceso de enseñanza ha sido totalmente análogo en ambos grupos. La única diferencia ha sido el uso de un entorno virtual a través de la herramienta CoSpaces Edu por parte del grupo experimental. A la vista de los resultados obtenidos, se percibe una mejora estadísticamente significativa a favor del grupo que trabajó con RV tanto a nivel de rendimiento académico como a nivel de motivación.
COVID-19, Changes in educational practices and the perception of stress by university educators in Latin America – a post-pandemic analysis
Authors: Frango-Silveira Ismar , Mendes-de-Araújo Renata , Farinazzo-Martins Valéria , Eliseo Maria Amélia , Albuquerque-de-la-Higuera-Amato Cibelle , Casali Ana , Torres Diego , Costas-Jauregui Vladimir , Collazos César , Muñoz Darwin , De la Rosa-Feliz Cinthia , Yangüez-Cervantes Nilda , Villaba-Condori Klinge Orlando , Ibarra Manuel , Rodés-Paragarino Virginia , Motz Regina , Viola de Ambrosis Maria , Silva-Sprock Antonio
Published: March 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic brought about profound changes in social and professional contexts. Schools and universities all over the world were closed to curb the contamination. In a short period, many educators were forced to reinvent their classes in a non-classroom mode, mediated by technology. This scenario of overwork can lead educators to stress, favoring distress, anxiety, and depression due to the uncertainties resulting from the pandemic and the search for new knowledge acquisition. This paper shows the research results conducted by university educators in Latin America who have been exercising teaching activities during social isolation imposed by COVID-19. The results show that with just one exception, educators from all countries reported suffering from some stress-related aspects concerning some manner to remote teaching. Higher workload perception came from women, unfolding gender inequalities amplified during pandemics. There is no clear relationship between the degree of technological expertise and stress factors, although, in general, educators use more time to prepare learning material and monitor students’ progress. Technological infrastructure was not a big concern for those educators in big cities, but some fundamental infrastructure problems were reported due to each country’s economic reality or geographic conditions.
Influence of goat management systems on hematological, oxidative stress profiles, and parasitic gastrointestinal infection
Authors: So-In Charinya
Published: March 2023

Background and Aim: Good management in goats is known for good quality health and increasing productivity. The physiological change studies in goats are limited despite some existing studies on the relationship of various patterns to growth rates. This study aimed to determine the hematological parameters, oxidative stress, and parasitic infection in three management systems in Thai native goats.

Materials and Methods: A total of 18 male goats were randomly assigned to the three systems: The free-range model (FREE), the semi-intensive model (SEMI), and the kept-in-a-cage model (BARN) for 35 days. Blood, fecal sampling, and weight data were collected and monitored every 5 days for analysis.

Results: No statistical differences were found in the FREE and SEMI groups, but significance was observed in the BARN group. The body weight of the goats gradually reduced from 13.0 ± 2.44 kg to 10.18 ± 2.61 kg (mean ± standard deviation). In contrast, the significantly increasing red blood cells, packed-cell volume, white blood cells, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (N/L) ratio, cortisol hormone, and antioxidation profiles were observed to be higher in BARN than in FREE and SEMI groups. The intensity of the parasite eggs was remarkably significant. It was observed in the BARN group between the beginning and end of the experiment (supported by a high level of eosinophils).

Conclusion: These data can be applied for the realistic evaluation and improvement of management practices, especially fully restrained management (BARN) for monitoring the health status of goats.

Keywords: goat, hematology values, management systems, oxidative stress, parasites.
Single nucleotide polymorphism C994g of the cytochrome P450 gene possess pleiotropic effects in Bos taurus, L.
Authors: Fedota Olena , Puzik Nina , Skrypkina Inessa , Babalyan Volodymyr , Mitiohlo Larysa , Ruban Serhii , Belyaev Serhii , Borshch Oleksandr O. , Borshch Oleksandr V.
Published: March 2023

The chronic consumption of mycotoxin-contaminated forage tends to the weight loss of young cattle, decreasing the reproductive success of adult animals, milk yield, and tolerance to high temperatures. The aim of this paper was to study the eff ects of the SNP C994G in the CYP3A28 gene on the productive and reproductive characteristics of dairy and beef breeds. Cows were measured by body weight dynamics, exterior, reproduction, milk production traits, bone mineral density, bulls were analyzed estimating their progeny traits. Dairy cows received dietary betaine supplement with the measurement of homocysteine levels. Molecular genetic was performed by PCR-RFLP method. The effects of SNP C994G were shown in relation to the udder size, the constitution and birth weight of Abredin-Angus cows, as well as the fat and protein content of Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy cows milk. The higher sensitivity of the GG genotype to less homocysteine level after the addition of betaine was shown. Given the identifi ed correspondence, pleiotropic eff ects of CYP3A28 gene can be concluded. A microscopic analysis of forage supported the findings in relation to greater efficiency of the CC genotype under conditions of low mycotoxins contamination, to which CYP3A28 is selective.
Implications of Learn Not To Burn (LNTB) Program from the National Fire Protection Agency in the United States
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Kim Younhee , Eom Young Ho , Lee Jae Young
Published: March 2023

Burn is one of the serious injuries for all age groups however the younger the age is, the seriousness of the damage is larger. Children are vulnerable to burn injuries however the current Korean fire prevention content and education curriculum for children do not have specific burn prevention content. This paper is to examine the Learn Not To Burn (LNTB) program at the National Fire Protection Agency (NFPA) in the United States and aims to extract implications towards the burn prevention program for children in Korea. In order to do so, we investigated the LNTB contents, compositions from LNTB textbooks, and LNTB teaching materials. Further, the development and operational process to maintain the LNTB content and the rollout process are also investigated. We also investigated the burn-related content and curriculum of the fire prevention from an elementary school in Korea. We extracted the implications from the LNTB program and described the need for burn prevention education for young children in Korea. Finally, we made suggestions for creating the LNTB program in Korea by collaborating with stakeholders for young children.
Ideas with Histories: Traditional Knowledge Evolves
Authors: Walsh Matthew J. , O'Neill Sean , Prentiss Anna Marie , Willerslev Rane , Riede Felix , Jordan Peter D.
Published: March 2023

Anthropologists have long been fascinated by the strikingly similar adaptations of circumpolar cultures as well as their puzzling differences. These patterns of diversity have been mapped, studied, and interpreted from many perspectives and often at different social and spatiotemporal scales. While this work has generated vast archives of legacy data, it has also left behind a fragmented understanding of what underpins Arctic cultural diversity and change. We argue that it is time to engage with questions that highlight the roles of socio-environmental learning and cumulative cultural inheritance in shaping human adaptations to Arctic environs. We situate this in light of longue durée adaptations to environmental change. We examine five case studies that have used this framework to explore the genealogy of northern cultural traditions and show how social learning, cultural inheritance, and transmission processes are germane to understanding the generation and change in varied information systems (i.e., traditional knowledge). Specifically, a cultural evolutionary framework enables long-lens insights into human decision-making trajectories, with continued and prescient impacts in the rapidly changing Arctic. It is critical to improve understandings of traditional knowledge not as static cultural phenomena, but as dynamic lineages of information: ideas with histories. Improving knowledge of the dynamic and evolving character of inherited traditional knowledge in circumpolar human-environment interactions must be a research priority given the pressures of accelerating climate change on Indigenous communities and the social-ecological systems in which they exist in order to help buffer cultural systems against future adaptive challenges in the rapidly changing Arctic.
Should continuous bladder irrigation be recommended when single instillation of intravesical chemotherapy cannot be used after transurethral resection in low-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer?
Authors: Chemi Joaquin , Villoldo Gustavo Martin
Published: March 2023

Reducing the recurrence rate in patients with low-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer patients is a critical concern in the urologic community. The gold standard treatment is single instillation (SI) of intravesical chemotherapy after transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT), but unfortunately, it is underused. Continuous bladder irrigation (CBI) after TURBT is an alternative strategy to SI for the prevention of bladder tumor implantation and recurrence. The aim of this review was to present the evidence that supports CBI after TURBT when SI is not possible.
A novel STAT3 splice-site variant in a kindred with autosomal dominant hyper IgE syndrome
Authors: Scott Ori , Sham Marina , Abrego Fuentes Laura , Pereira Myra , Merico Daniele , Kim Vy HD
Published: March 2023

Background: Dominant negative STAT3 loss-of-function is the most common genetic cause of hyper-IgE syndrome (HIES). Patients may present with a host of both immune and non-immune manifestations, including connective tissue abnormalities, recurrent infections, malignant predisposition, and biochemical evidence of elevated serum IgE or eosinophilia.

Aim: To describe a novel splice-site variant in STAT3 resulting in HIES.

Methods: Case report of two family members with HIES.

Results: A proband and his son presented with neonatal-onset pustular rash, recurrent skin and sinopulmonary infections and elevated serum IgE and were diagnosed with AD-HIES. They were identified to harbor a novel splice-site variant in the DNA-binding domain (DBD) of STAT3: c.1110-3C>G, predicted to result in defective splicing in exon 12. Interestingly, a number of other patients with AD-HIES have mutations affecting the same splice-site, suggesting this may be a hot-spot for mutagenesis.

Conclusion: Splice-site mutations in the DBD of STAT3 are increasingly identified as a cause of AD-HIES. Future work is required to delineate whether patients with splice-site mutations have unique clinical characteristics, supporting efforts for genotype-phenotype correlation in this disease.

Statement of Novelty: We present a novel splice-site mutation in the DNA-binding domain of STAT3 leading to autosomal dominant hyper-IgE syndrome.
Corrosion inhibition efficiency and quantum chemical studies of some organic compounds: theoretical evaluation
Authors: Mamand Dyari Mustafa , Qadr Hiwa Mohammad
Published: March 2023

When most or all of the atoms on a single metal surface are oxidized, corrosion takes place, causing damage to the whole surface. The effects of adsorption and corrosion inhibition on different types of functional groups were studied. A review of these inhibitors based on concentration effect was performed to establish the theoretical results. It has been investigated the effects of 5-(5-(3,5-diaminophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-N1,N3-di-p-tolylbenzene-1,3-diamine (BATP) on mild steel in 1 M H2SO4 at 30 °C, Levamisole (LMS) and 4-phenylimidazole (PIZ) on copper in 0.5 M H2SO4, 2-phenyl-1, 4-dihydroquinoxaline (PHQ) on carbon steel in 1.0 M HCl. Based on DFT calculations in the 6–311++G(d,p) basis set in gas and aqueous phases, several quantum chemical parameters were determined to evaluate the array of selected molecules such as HOMO, LUMO, ionization energy, bandgap energy, electronegativity, chemical potential, electrophilicity, nucleophilicity, electron transfer, back-donation energy and Fukui function analysis. The most stable low-energy adsorption configurations of the materials employed in this investigation on the Fe (110) surface were induced using Monte Carlo simulations.
CellML 2.0.1
Authors: Clerx Michael , Cooling Michael T. , Cooper Jonathan , Garny Alan , Moyle Keri , Nickerson David P. , Nielsen Poul M. F. , Sorby Hugh
Published: March 2023

We present here CellML 2.0.1, an XML-based language for describing and exchanging mathematical models of physiological systems. MathML embedded in CellML documents is used to define the underlying mathematics of models. Models consist of a network of reusable components, each with variables and equations giving relationships between those variables. Models may import other models to create systems of increasing complexity. CellML 2.0.1 is defined by the normative specification presented here, prescribing the CellML syntax and the rules by which it should be used. The normative specification is intended primarily for the developers of software tools which directly consume CellML syntax. Users of CellML models may prefer to browse the informative rendering of the specification (https://cellml.org/specifications/cellml_2.0/) which extends the normative specification with explanations of the rules combined with examples of their usage. This version improves the identification of rule statements and corrects errata present in the CellML 2.0 specification.
Predicting the performance of broadband passive optical networks using machine learning
Authors: Singh Kuldeep , Krupa Varma P. Ravi , Singh Rajandeep , Kaur Ramandeep
Published: March 2023

Broadband passive optical networks is an established architecture for the high-speed data transfer. For effective fault diagnosis and self-configuration in these networks, analysis of network-generated data is essentially required. In this era, machine learning-based data analytics approaches could play a vital role in analyzing the performance of the networks. In this paper, a machine learning approach has been proposed for predicting the performance of broadband passive optical networks. For this task, a dataset consisting of fiber length, transmission power, number of power splitters, line width, and extinction ratio parameters has been generated to make an estimate of the Q factor for a given optical network. Out of these network parameters, fiber length, transmission power, and several power splitters are selected through the relief attribute evaluation technique. The selected parameters are fed into a regression-based model tree classification algorithm for estimating different levels of Q factor. This work also takes into account logistic regression, decision tree, decision table, PART, and random forest algorithms for the desired task. The analysis of simulation results proves that the regression-based model tree classification algorithm provides an effective estimate of Q factor in terms of accuracy of 93.23% and 95.74% for 7-class and 3-class problems. Thus, this algorithm appears to be a suitable choice to predict the performance of broadband passive optical networks accurately.
Machine learning to optimize additive manufacturing for visible photonics
Authors: Lininger Andrew , Aththanayake Akeshi , Boyd Jonathan , Ali Omar , Goel Madhav , Jizhe Yangheng , Hinczewski Michael , Strangi Giuseppe
Published: March 2023

Additive manufacturing has become an important tool for fabricating advanced systems and devices for visible nanophotonics. However, the lack of simulation and optimization methods taking into account the essential physics of the optimization process leads to barriers for greater adoption. This issue can often result in sub-optimal optical responses in fabricated devices on both local and global scales. We propose that physics-informed design and optimization methods, and in particular physics-informed machine learning, are particularly well-suited to overcome these challenges by incorporating known physics, constraints, and fabrication knowledge directly into the design framework.
Deformable Laplace transform and its applications
Authors: Ahuja Priyanka , Ujlayan Amit , Sharma Dinkar , Pratap Hari
Published: March 2023

Recently, the deformable derivative and its properties have been introduced. In this work, we have investigated the concept of deformable Laplace transform (DLT) in more detail. Furthermore, some classical properties of the DLT are also included. The Heaviside expansion formula and convolution theorem for deformable inverse Laplace transform are also discussed. Furthermore, some illustrative numerical examples are also discussed to validate the applicability of the proposed DLT and finally conclude the theory.
Addition of bentonite to cationic starch matrix for coating on kraftliner paper to improve grease resistance
Authors: Santos Allan de Amorim dos , Matos Lays Camila , Mendonça Maressa Carvalho , Muguet Marcelo Coelho dos Santos , Ponzecchi Andrea , Sanadi Anand Ramesh , Tonoli Gustavo Henrique Denzin
Published: March 2023

In this work, we aimed to analyze suspensions of cationic starch by adding 5 wt%, 7 wt%, and 10 wt% of bentonite as a bilayer coating on kraftliner paper (85 g/m2). The controls were doubly-wet-and-dry and uncoated kraftliner paper. In a coating machine, the formulations were applied until reaching a grammage of 15 g/m2 and then dried at 103 ± 2 °C. The test was carried out about pH, solids content, and viscosity of the suspensions. The physical characteristics of the coated papers were evaluated, as well as their ability to block water, water vapor, and oil/grease. We also analyzed with scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The packaging, having a water contact angle of up to 78° and 189 g/m² for Cobb, showed a low resistance to water, which is further responsible for decreased mechanical resistance. Nevertheless, the coating did not change the permeability to water vapor, however, bentonite promoted a decrease in wettability and Cobb value of the paper. The addition of 7 wt% bentonite to the cationic starch matrix promoted high oil resistance with 12 for kit-oil, while 10 wt% bentonite promoted greater pencil hardness, with a value of 8H. Bentonite strength and cationic starch showed good interaction, increasing oil resistance.
Soil fertility and pomelo yield influenced by soil conservation practices
Authors: Van Dung Tran , Van Dang Le , Ngoc Ngo Phuong , Hung Ngo Ngoc
Published: March 2023

Exchangeable cations and soil nutrients leach out/lost in the raised bed soils system through irrigation water and rainwater. Cover crops or crop residue mulching are considered sustainable agricultural measures because they prevent soil degradation and compaction and increase the soil ecological diversity. However, the impact of these on soil quality in fruit orchards in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta is not well studied. The present work aimed to assess the effect of cover crops (grass, pinto peanut) and rice straw mulching on change in soil chemical properties and productivity of pomelo. The 3-year (2019–2021) field experiment was conducted at Phu Huu Commune, Chau Thanh District, Hau Giang Province, Vietnam. Four treatments, control (no-cover crop), grass cover crop, mulching with rice straw (MRS), and pinto peanut cover crop were used. Soil samples were collected from the depth of 0–20 and 20–40 cm for analyzing soil pH, total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), available phosphorus (AP), and soil organic matter (SOM). Results showed that MRS or cover crop by pinto peanut significantly decreased soil acidity in the topsoil layer. Soil fertility properties (TN, TP, AP, and SOM) at the depth 0–20 cm were greatly improved after the application of the mulched rice straw and cover crop by legume, thus improving pomelo yield. Further study is required to understand the effects of the cover crop with pinto peanut and rice straw mulching on the physical and biological properties of soil as well as nutrient uptake of pomelo orchards.
Bioconvection effect in the Carreau nanofluid with Cattaneo–Christov heat flux using stagnation point flow in the entropy generation: Micromachines level study
Authors: Li Shuguang , Ali Farhan , Zaib A. , Loganathan K. , Eldin Sayed M. , Ijaz Khan M.
Published: March 2023

The addition of gyrotactic microbes in the nanoparticles is essential to embellish the thermal efficiency of many systems such as microbial fuel cells, bacteria-powered micro-mixers, micro-volumes like microfluidics devices, enzyme biosensor, and chip-shaped microdevices like bio-microsystems. This analysis investigates the second law analysis in the bioconvection flow of a Carreau nanoliquid through a convectively stretching surface. The heat transports characteristics encountered with Cattaneo–Christove heat flux and thermal radiation. The Buongiorno model is used for nanoliquid, which comprises the Brownian motion and thermophoretic. The appropriate transformation is invoked to change the system of the partial differential equation into ordinary differential equations. Afterward, these equations are classified analytically with the help of the homotopy analysis method. The influence of numerous physical variables is interpreted and elaborated via graphs. The tabular result shows the numerical consequences of different physical flow parameters. It is examined that a more significant Weissenber number

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results in deprecation in the velocity field. It is appraised that the temperature profile reduces to augment the value of thermal relaxation time. Justification of the current work has existed through previous publishing results. The utilization of Carreau nanoparticles in the shear rate-dependent viscous fluid is of significant importance due to their potential to improve heat and mass transmission.
A systematic review of the effects of transcranial photobiomodulation on brain activity in humans
Authors: Dole Marjorie , Auboiroux Vincent , Langar Lilia , Mitrofanis John
Published: March 2023

In recent years, transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) has been developing as a promising method to protect and repair brain tissues against damages. The aim of our systematic review is to examine the results available in the literature concerning the efficacy of tPBM in changing brain activity in humans, either in healthy individuals, or in patients with neurological diseases. Four databases were screened for references containing terms encompassing photobiomodulation, brain activity, brain imaging, and human. We also analysed the quality of the included studies using validated tools. Results in healthy subjects showed that even after a single session, tPBM can be effective in influencing brain activity. In particular, the different transcranial approaches – using a focal stimulation or helmet for global brain stimulation – seemed to act at both the vascular level by increasing regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and at the neural level by changing the activity of the neurons. In addition, studies also showed that even a focal stimulation was sufficient to induce a global change in functional connectivity across brain networks. Results in patients with neurological disease were sparser; nevertheless, they indicated that tPBM could improve rCBF and functional connectivity in several regions. Our systematic review also highlighted the heterogeneity in the methods and results generated, together with the need for more randomised controlled trials in patients with neurological diseases. In summary, tPBM could be a promising method to act on brain function, but more consistency is needed in order appreciate fully the underlying mechanisms and the precise outcomes.
Prolegomena a una nuova edizione critica delle opere volgari di Bonvesin da la Riva
Authors: Wilhelm Raymund
Published: March 2023

Our perception of the vernacular works of Bonvesin da la Riva is still largely shaped by the editions of Gianfranco Contini (1941 and 1960). A reassessment of Bonvesin in terms of language and literary history can only start from a reflection on the textual basis of his works. The high quality of the Berlin manuscript (ca. 1300), which contains about half of Bonvesin’s oeuvre, is undisputed. However, the “retranslation” of the texts contained exclusively in later manuscripts which converts them into the form of the codex optimus, as still practised by Gökçen (2001), seems unacceptable today. Rather, the aim should be to identify different linguistic, stylistic and textual tendencies of the individual works by making recourse to the entire textual tradition. In this context, the assumption of an absolutely regular metrical form of the alexandrine, which has been advocated since Salvioni and Contini, is becoming increasingly questionable. It is suggested that Bonvesin’s poetry should be considered in the light of the tradition of anisosyllabism, which was well attested in the 13th century. The hypothesis of a “dialectal authenticity” of Bonvesin’s language is also problematic. Rather, an edition must preserve the constitutive polymorphism of the medieval scripta. Overall, the aim must be to recognise the distinctive personality of the medieval poet in the heterogeneity and variability of the surviving texts, beyond anachronistic expectations of a “classic”.
Glutamatergic and GABAergic Receptor Modulation Present Unique Electrophysiological Fingerprints in a Concentration-Dependent and Region-Specific Manner
Authors: Gonzalez-Burgos Irene , Bainier Marie , Gross Simon , Schoenenberger Philipp , Ochoa José A. , Valencia Miguel , Redondo Roger L.
Published: March 2023

Brain function depends on complex circuit interactions between excitatory and inhibitory neurons embedded in local and long-range networks. Systemic GABAA-receptor (GABAAR) or NMDA-receptor (NMDAR) modulation alters the excitatory-inhibitory balance (EIB), measurable with electroencephalography (EEG). However, EEG signatures are complex in localization and spectral composition. We developed and applied analytical tools to investigate the effects of two EIB modulators, MK801 (NMDAR antagonist) and diazepam (GABAAR modulator), on periodic and aperiodic EEG features in freely-moving male Sprague Dawley rats. We investigated how, across three brain regions, EEG features are correlated with EIB modulation. We found that the periodic component was composed of seven frequency bands that presented region-dependent and compound-dependent changes. The aperiodic component was also different between compounds and brain regions. Importantly, the parametrization into periodic and aperiodic components unveiled correlations between quantitative EEG and plasma concentrations of pharmacological compounds. MK-801 exposures were positively correlated with the slope of the aperiodic component. Concerning the periodic component, MK-801 exposures correlated negatively with the peak frequency of low-γ oscillations but positively with those of high-γ and high-frequency oscillations (HFOs). As for the power, θ and low-γ oscillations correlated negatively with MK-801, whereas mid-γ correlated positively. Diazepam correlated negatively with the knee of the aperiodic component, positively to β and negatively to low-γ oscillatory power, and positively to the modal frequency of θ, low-γ, mid-γ, and high-γ. In conclusion, correlations between exposures and pharmacodynamic effects can be better-understood thanks to the parametrization of EEG into periodic and aperiodic components. Such parametrization could be key in functional biomarker discovery.
Neural Index of Reinforcement Learning Predicts Improved Stimulus–Response Retention under High Working Memory Load
Authors: Rac-Lubashevsky Rachel , Cremer Anna , Collins Anne G.E. , Frank Michael J. , Schwabe Lars
Published: March 2023

Human learning and decision-making are supported by multiple systems operating in parallel. Recent studies isolating the contributions of reinforcement learning (RL) and working memory (WM) have revealed a trade-off between the two. An interactive WM/RL computational model predicts that although high WM load slows behavioral acquisition, it also induces larger prediction errors in the RL system that enhance robustness and retention of learned behaviors. Here, we tested this account by parametrically manipulating WM load during RL in conjunction with EEG in both male and female participants and administered two surprise memory tests. We further leveraged single-trial decoding of EEG signatures of RL and WM to determine whether their interaction predicted robust retention. Consistent with the model, behavioral learning was slower for associations acquired under higher load but showed parametrically improved future retention. This paradoxical result was mirrored by EEG indices of RL, which were strengthened under higher WM loads and predictive of more robust future behavioral retention of learned stimulus–response contingencies. We further tested whether stress alters the ability to shift between the two systems strategically to maximize immediate learning versus retention of information and found that induced stress had only a limited effect on this trade-off. The present results offer a deeper understanding of the cooperative interaction between WM and RL and show that relying on WM can benefit the rapid acquisition of choice behavior during learning but impairs retention.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSuccessful learning is achieved by the joint contribution of the dopaminergic RL system and WM. The cooperative WM/RL model was productive in improving our understanding of the interplay between the two systems during learning, demonstrating that reliance on RL computations is modulated by WM load. However, the role of WM/RL systems in the retention of learned stimulus–response associations remained unestablished. Our results show that increased neural signatures of learning, indicative of greater RL computation, under high WM load also predicted better stimulus–response retention. This result supports a trade-off between the two systems, where degraded WM increases RL processing, which improves retention. Notably, we show that this cooperative interplay remains largely unaffected by acute stress.
Activity-Dependent Nr4a2 Induction Modulates Synaptic Expression of AMPA Receptors and Plasticity via a Ca2+/CRTC1/CREB Pathway
Authors: Català-Solsona Judit , Lituma Pablo J. , Lutzu Stefano , Siedlecki-Wullich Dolores , Fábregas-Ordoñez Cristina , Miñano-Molina Alfredo J. , Saura Carlos A. , Castillo Pablo E. , Rodriguez-Álvarez José
Published: March 2023

Transcription factors have a pivotal role in synaptic plasticity and the associated modification of neuronal networks required for memory formation and consolidation. The nuclear receptors subfamily 4 group A (Nr4a) have emerged as possible modulators of hippocampal synaptic plasticity and cognitive functions. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying Nr4a2-mediated hippocampal synaptic plasticity are not completely known. Here, we report that neuronal activity enhances Nr4a2 expression and function in cultured mouse hippocampal neurons (both sexes) by an ionotropic glutamate receptor/Ca2+/cAMP response element-binding protein/CREB-regulated transcription factor 1 (iGluR/Ca2+/CREB/CRTC1) pathway. Nr4a2 activation mediates BDNF production and increases expression of iGluRs, thereby affecting LTD at CA3-CA1 synapses in acute mouse hippocampal slices (both sexes). Together, our results indicate that the iGluR/Ca2+/CREB/CRTC1 pathway mediates activity-dependent expression of Nr4a2, which is involved in glutamatergic synaptic plasticity by increasing BDNF and synaptic GluA1-AMPARs. Therefore, Nr4a2 activation could be a therapeutic approach for brain disorders associated with dysregulated synaptic plasticity.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTA major factor that regulates fast excitatory synaptic transmission and plasticity is the modulation of synaptic AMPARs. However, despite decades of research, the underlying mechanisms of this modulation remain poorly understood. Our study identified a molecular pathway that links neuronal activity with AMPAR modulation and hippocampal synaptic plasticity through the activation of Nr4a2, a member of the nuclear receptor subfamily 4. Since several compounds have been described to activate Nr4a2, our study not only provides mechanistic insights into the molecular pathways related to hippocampal synaptic plasticity and learning, but also identifies Nr4a2 as a potential therapeutic target for pathologic conditions associated with dysregulation of glutamatergic synaptic function.
Unfamiliar Contexts Compared to Familiar Contexts Impair Learning in Humans
Authors: Alizadeh Asfestani Marjan , Nagel Juliane , Beer Sina , Nikpourian Ghazaleh , Born Jan , Feld Gordon B.
Published: March 2023

Re-exposure to the context that information was learned in facilitates its memory retrieval. However, the influence of context changes on the ability to learn new information is less well understood, which the present work investigated in two experiments with healthy participants (n = 40 per experiment; 20 female). In experiment 1, participants learned a list of word-pairs (A-B) in the morning, after which their memory for the word-pairs was immediately tested. In the evening, they learned and were tested on a second non-overlapping list (C-D), either in the same context or in a different context than the first list (between-subjects). We found that new learning is enhanced in the same context, and that new learning in the other context was decreased compared to baseline. In experiment 2, participants were exposed to both contexts in the morning, but only learned word-pairs in one of them. In the second learning session in the evening, this familiarization with the other context abolished differences between the same and other context group. These data point to context novelty interfering with new learning rather than context familiarity enhancing it. Importantly, the reduction of new learning in the other context in the first experiment, where the context was unfamiliar in both learning sessions, suggests mechanisms beyond attention processes that are bound by the novelty of the other context. Rather, the old context impairs the processing of the new context, possibly by biasing pattern completion and pattern separation trade-offs within the hippocampus.
When Response Selection Becomes Gambling: Post-error Slowing and Speeding in Self-paced Colour Discrimination Tasks
Authors: Eben Charlotte , Vermeylen Luc , Chen Zhang , Notebaert Wim , Ivanchei Ivan , Verbruggen Frederick
Published: March 2023

People tend to slow down after committing an error in many tasks. However, some studies failed to observe such post-error slowing. Furthermore, recent work found speeding after another type of sub-optimal outcomes: people often speed up after losses in gambling situations. What features determine whether people slow down or speed up after sub-optimal outcomes (error vs. loss)? To answer this question, we focused on the role of task characteristics and control over the outcome, by making a task where we previously observed post-error slowing more like tasks where we previously observed post-loss speeding. First, we made a color-discrimination task completely self-paced (Experiment 1A) and added reward/punishment (Experiment 1B). In both experiments, post-error slowing was observed, without modulation by reward/punishment. We then manipulated task difficulty to investigate the influence of control over the outcome. Consistent with our predictions, control over the outcome modulated post-error adjustments, as participants slowed down after controllable errors, but sped up after uncontrollable errors (Experiment 3). Importantly, this effect was global as post-error speeding was observed when controllable and ’uncontrollable’ errors were intermixed (Experiment 2), suggesting an influence of overall task context. Thus, responses to sub-optimal outcomes might depend on the control over the outcome.
Influence of CNT fillers on the thermal, mechanical and shape memory properties of TPI shape memory polymer composites
Authors:   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aarupadai Veedu Institute of Technology, Vinayaka Mission's Research Foundation, Chennai, India, Prabhu L. , Selvakumar V. ,   Engineering Department, University of Technology & Applied Sciences, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman, Anderson A. ,   School of Mechanical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, India, Dhavamani C. ,   Department of Aeronautical Engineering, Mahendra Engineering College, Namakkal, India
Published: March 2023

TPI, also known as artificial eucommia rubber, is a thermo-responsive SMP created by molecular recombination and modification with contemporary polymer synthesis and modification techniques. In this paper, TPI shape memory polymer is reinforced with different weight proportions (0, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8% and 1%) of carbon nanotube (CNT) and specimens were fabricated with the aim of enhancing the properties of neat TPI polymer composites. Some thermo-mechanical characteristics were investigated and interpreted, including the differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) test, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) test, thermal conductivity test, compression test, and a few shape memory properties such as shape recovery ratio and shape recovery rate. TPI shape memory polymers exhibit strong shape memory capabilities and the best mechanical properties based on the testing results for the specimen TPI with 0.8% CNT weight fraction.