bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Studies of a saturated chrome layer on the surface of steel under plasma heating
Authors: Balanovskii A. E. , Konyukhov V. Yu , Khakimov R. R.
Published: January 2025

In this paper, the possibility of saturation of the surface of low-carbon steels with chromium during plasma heating is considered. The analysis of existing methods of surface chrome plating of metals is carried out. The mechanism of diffusion saturation of metal with chromium can be considered as a complex process consisting of separate stages: formation of active chromium atoms near the surface or directly on the metal surface; sorption of atoms by the metal surface; diffusion of chromium atoms into the metal. The results of preliminary experiments on chrome plating of the surface layer using plasma heating are presented. In this experiment, under the action of a plasma arc, the following reactions are possible: the reduction of chromium from chromium oxide with the formation of chromium carbides Cr7C3 and Cr23C6; the formation of complex carbide-cementites (Fe, Cr)3C or (Cr, Fe)23C6. The authors proceeded from the hypothesis that if the amount of chromium in the hardened layer is in the range of 0.3–0.5% (based on X-ray analysis), therefore, in this case all chromium atoms exist in the form of a solid solution. It is known that chromium has an atomic radius r = 0.128 nm, close to the radius of iron r = 0.126 nm, but much larger than the radius of carbon r = 0.07 nm. Thus, the presence of a chromium atom together with a carbon atom in the α-lattice of iron increases the strength of the martensite lattice due to solid-phase hardening, and consequently the microhardness increases (up to 12,000 MPa). Such quantitative values of microhardness are not obtained by other cementation methods. It is proved that saturation of the metal surface with chromium from the paste during plasma heating can lead to the formation of a diffusion chrome-plated layer of steel. New additional studies of the surface layer structure and analysis of the parameters of plasma surface chrome treatment processes will be required in order to achieve the formation of high-quality chrome plating of the surface by creating a coating.
Influence of tin on crystallization processes in iron-carbon alloys (review)
Authors: Davydov S. V.
Published: January 2025

Currently, iron foundries and production facilities are experiencing great difficulties in providing such an integral charge material for smelting cast iron as high-quality unalloyed steel scrap. Due to the fact that press and forging industries and enterprises are increasingly using high-strength steels to produce their products, which significantly reduce the weight of the products obtained, microalloyed with such elements-carbidizing agents as, for example, Mo, W, Nb, V, Ti, B, the charge yards of iron foundries are supplied waste “infected” with these elements. As a rule, in such industries, products are made from several grades of steels, both microalloyed with carbide-forming elements and without them, and due to the objective complexity, the waste sorting process is not organized organizationally, therefore, waste from all available grades of steel falls uncontrollably into steel bags, mixing in arbitrary proportions. In addition to carbide-forming elements, surfactants such as Cu, Sn, As and Sb are also the most common residual elements in steel and cast iron scrap. If the accumulation of carbide-forming elements to a certain extent can be considered a positive factor, then the accumulation of surfactants, which are practically impossible to remove from steel and cast iron, has a sharply negative effect on the mechanical and operational properties of iron-carbon alloys. Tin is used as an alloying element to produce both steels and cast irons with a fully pearlitic matrix. The addition of tin in an amount of no more than 0.10–0.15% seems to be the only practical way to avoid the growth of ferrite in a stable eutectoid reaction and completely transform the metal base of steel and cast iron into pearlite in a metastable eutectoid Fe–C system. At the same time, the question of how tin affects eutectoid transformations in steels and cast irons and, in general, the entire cycle of structure formation, is still a matter of debate. In this paper, an overview of the Fe–Sn system is performed, as well as experimental and industrial data available in the literature on the Fe–C–Sn system to assess the effect of tin on crystallization processes in iron-carbon alloys.
Modeling the movement of a machine at an angle for transporting construction materials
Authors: Oryschenko Sergey , Oryschenko Viktor
Published: January 2025

During the working process of moving a machine for transporting building materials, forces act on it. The calculation of the longitudinal stability of a machine for transporting building materials is carried out from the condition of tipping forward, taking into account the fact that pneumatic tires are deformed if the machine is equipped with rubber wheels. The angle of additional forward tilt of the machine due to deformation of the supports is determined by the ratio of the gravity of the machine with the load, the stiffness of the soil under the front and rear rubber wheels. The distance between the center of gravity of the machine and the vertical axis passing through the tipping point is therefore taken into account when calculating the longitudinal stability of the machine. The machine has the smallest margin of longitudinal stability when moving down a slope with simultaneous braking of the machine and working equipment when lowering it.
Study of functional components of the construction technology modules
Authors: Zaiets Yuri , Rashkivskyi Volodymyr
Published: January 2025

The purpose of the proposed article is to study the functional components of mechanized construction technological equipment.
The methodology is based on research and creative approaches. The methods of development analysis, synthesis of technical solutions, and simulation modeling were used. Scientific novelty. The study of the functional components of mechanized technological equipment, the analysis of technical solutions allowed us to substantiate the composition of the construction technological module for the construction of reinforced concrete monolithic structures. The authors proposed the results of the synthesis of constructive solutions that are implemented in the design of vertically mobile formwork, which allows improving the technological performance of the construction process by reducing the use of heavy crane equipment for the construction of vertical building structures. Research results. The article considers important issues of forming the components of construction technological equipment, in particular the formwork module. The proposed solutions ensure the implementation of smooth movement of the formwork module, optimization of the process of peeling the budding forming contour from the concrete layer of the vertical building structure.
Analysis of the minds of the creation of daily production
Authors: Yakovenko Valeriy , Oryschenko Sergey , Oryschenko Viktor
Published: January 2025

The development of market relations establishes a view of the enterprise as an instrument of entrepreneurship. The legislation defines an enterprise as an independent economic statutory entity that has the rights of a legal entity and carries out production, research and commercial activities with the aim of making a profit. The Law on Entrepreneurship defines that entrepreneurship is a systematic activity of producing products, performing work, providing services and engaging in trade with the aim of making a profit, which involves independent initiative and a significant degree of own risk. In competitive conditions, such a goal requires a constant search or creation of new market opportunities for the manufacture of products or the provision of services. An enterprise as an organization has a complex structure: a significant number of employees and a system of relationships. Then there is a need for specialists with special qualifications who are able to purposefully influence employees, carry out management, coordination, motivation and control to achieve the goals of the enterprise. An entrepreneur is a person who consciously takes risks when creating a new organization or implementing a new idea or service. This article describes how to independently find new market opportunities for an enterprise, justify measures to modify the activities of enterprises in competitive conditions, create a modern management style combining resources, powers, the psychology of relationships, and the dynamism of the external environment, use innovative opportunities, make decisions quickly, predict the development of organizations, navigate in special literature on enterprise, marketing, and management, and apply modern computer management technologies. Today, there are many aspects to creating entrepreneurial activity. Creation of a sole proprietorship (FOP), creation of a business strategy for the enterprise, attraction of advertising agents for successful sales of manufactured products, arrangement of premises for manufacturing and storage of products.
Modeling Canal Blocking with Endemic Vegetation in Jatimulyo Village
Authors: Tamin Rike Puspitasari , Fazriyas  , Napitupulu Richard R.P. , Rumondang Jenny , Mora Andita Minda
Published: January 2025

Peatland fires in Jambi Province are recurrent, consuming above-ground vegetation and causing large-scale ecosystem damage. Peat ecosystem restoration efforts must begin with rewetting through the construction of canal blocks to inhibit water loss and keep peat soil moist during the dry season. The construction of canal blocks in peatlands has been carried out, including in Jatimulyo Village, Dendang District, East Tanjung Jabung Regency, Jambi Province. Semi-permanent canal bulkhead structures often break down if the water discharge from upstream is very large so that the bulkhead does not last long. The purpose of this activity was to design a model for strengthening canal bulkheads using endemic vegetation species including pulai, jelutong, and gelam planted on the bulkhead body structure. Endemic vegetation planting was carried out in four canals by planting pulai, gelam, and jelutong seedlings. Each canal was planted with a distance of 50x 50 cm so that there were approximately 74 seedlings planted in each canal bulkhead body. This PKM activity is expected to have an ecological impact on peatlands, especially in Jatimulyo Village, both in the short term to strengthen the canal structure and in the long term to maintain a wet state on peatlands.
Optimalisasi Pemanfaatan Lahan Pasang Surut Untuk Budidaya Cabai Rawit Bonita IPB di Desa Banyu Urip, Kecamatan Tanjung Lago, Banyuasin
Authors: Bastomi Karlin Agustina , Yursida  , Pandriadi  , Mareza Evriani , Martadela Tedy , Mutia Fifi
Published: January 2025

Cabai rawit merupakan salah satu jenis cabai yang banyak dikonsumsi. Beragamnya jenis masakan nusantara yang menggunakan cabai rawit sebagai bahan baku membuat kebutuhan cabai rawit pada masyarakat Indonesia semakin besar. Upaya peningkatan produksi cabai rawit antaralain dengan  menggunakan varietas unggul dan melalui usaha ekstensifikasi dengan memanfaatkan lahan sub optimal.  Salah satu cabai rawit unggul hasil penelitian tim PKM Universitas IBA bersama konsorsium cabai IPB adalah cabai rawit Bonita IPB yang telah  mendapatkan legalisasi pelepasan varietas dari Kementerian Pertanian RI dengan nomor Surat Keputusan 343/Kpts/SR.130/D/IV/2021 tentang Pemberian Tanda Daftar Varietas Tanaman Hortikultura Cabai Rawit Bonita IPB tanggal 26 April 2021. Cabai rawit ini cocok dikembangkan di lahan pasang surut. Salah satu daerah pasang surut yang berpotensi untuk pengembangan cabai rawit Bonita IPB berlokasi di Desa Banyu Urip Kecamatan Tanjung Lago. Tim penulis berupaya memberikan solusi atas permasalahan produksi dan pemasaran hasil usaha tani melalui peningkatan pengetahuan dan kapasitas serta peningkatan ekonomi masyarakat khususnya pada Kelompok Tani Tani Mukti yang menjadi mitra sasaran . Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan meliputi: 1) survei, observasi serta identifikasi permasalahan mitra, 2) perizinan, pendekatan mitra dan sosialisasi,3) pelatihan, pembimbingan dan pendampingan, 4) penerapan teknologi/pembuatan demo plot dan 5) monitoring dan evaluasi.  Hasil kegiatan telah dilakukan pembuatan demo plot di lahan milik Bapak Ponio anggota kelompok tani Tani Mukti berlokasi di Desa Banyu Urip RT.04 Dusun 1 Jembatan 4. Saat ini tanaman telah berumur 3 bulan dan mulai berbuah. Para petani telah diberikan pelatihan mengenai budidaya tanaman cabai rawit Bonita IPB, hama penyakit tanaman cabai serta teknik pengendaliannya dan digital marketing produk usaha tani.
Konseling Pra-Nikah : Pentingnya Kesiapan Psikologis Sebelum Memasuki Kehidupan Pernikahan
Authors: Amalia Juniarly  , Tarigan Angeline Hosana Zefany , Anggraini Dewi , Rachmawati
Published: January 2025

Konseling pra-nikah adalah layanan bimbingan dan konsultasi yang diberikan kepada pasangan yang berencana untuk menikah. Tujuan utamanya adalah membantu pasangan memahami dan mempersiapkan diri untuk berbagai aspek pernikahan, sehingga mereka lebih siap menghadapi tantangan yang mungkin muncul dalam kehidupan berumah tangga. Dalam konseling ini, pasangan diajak untuk membahas topik-topik penting seperti komunikasi, keuangan, peran dan tanggung jawab, nilai-nilai dan harapan, cara mengelola konflik, hingga perencanaan keluarga. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan dengan metode asesmen, konseling, dan latihan kasus. Berdasarkan hasil konseling diketahui bahwa secara kesuluruhan, baik MRR maupun VAI merasa sangat puas (skor 25 untuk keduanya). Begitupun dengan  AY (skor 24) dan DF (skor 23), mereka juga sangat puas dengan semua aspek yang dimiliki dalam hubungan mereka, yaitu kepuasan umum dalam hubungan; komunikasi dalam hubungan; keintiman dan kedekatan emosional; dukungan dan kerjasama; penyelesaian konflik; keseimbangan kehidupan pribadi dan hubungan; serta kepuasan secara kesuluruhan atas hubungan yang dimiliki saat ini. Untuk  memperkuat hubungan, AY dan DF memiliki kesamaan langkah untuk meningkatkan komunikasi dan menyusun rencana keuangan bersama. Sementara MRR dan VAI memiliki kesamaan langkah untuk meningkatkan komunikasi dan mengatur waktu untuk aktivitas pribadi.
Characteristics of Agricultural Extension Workers in Bangka Selatan Regency
Authors: Yulia Yulia , Jaya Atmaja Eddy Jajang , Swandi Monica Kharisma
Published: January 2025

Extension workers are agents of change in development who are required to be knowledgeable and keep up with information developments in today's era, so that the material in their extension activities always contains useful information for farmers. The current digital era provides ease of access, sharing, and utilization of information through digital information technology and rapid communication. This research aims to describe the characteristics and behaviors of agricultural extension workers in the digital era in Bangka Selatan Regency, Bangka Belitung Islands Province. The method used in this study is qualitative descriptive. The results from the field indicate that out of 35 respondents, the individual characteristics in this study are dominated by male extension workers, with the highest percentage of educational background being Bachelor's degree. The age distribution of extension workers in this study shows that the majority are young, between 36 to 47 years old. The number of non-civil servant (NON ASN) extension workers is greater than that of civil servant (ASN) extension workers in this study. This is due to a program from the local agricultural office regarding the procurement of extension workers with NON ASN status or as assistant agricultural extension workers. The number of NON ASN extension workers dominates the total number of ASN extension workers. To enhance their skills and competencies, extension workers typically receive non-formal education in the form of training, seminars, and workshops, averaging 3-5 times a year. Regarding their work experience, some extension workers have been in the field for a long time, around 11-20 years, while others have been working for a shorter period, ranging from 1-10 years.
Feasibility Analysis of Kubota Four-Wheel Tractor Service Service Business Model L3608 And Model L4018 In Tanah Miring District, Merauke District
Authors: Fernanda Jerry , Widyantari Ineke Nursih , Fachrizal Riza
Published: January 2025

This research aims to 1) Analyze the income of Kubota's four-wheeled tractor service business Model L3608 and Model L4018. 2) Analyzing whether the four-wheeled tractor Kubota Model L3608 and Model L4018 service business is feasible. The research is conducted in Tanah Miring District, Merauke Regency. The population in this study consisted of 30 business owners of four-wheeled tractor service Kubota Model L3608 and Model L4018, and the census method was used for sample selection. The data analysis used is cost, revenue, depreciation, income, and RC ratio feasibility analysis. The results of the study obtained the income of Kubota four-wheeled tractor service business Model L3608 and Model L4018 in Tanah Miring District, Merauke Regency, which amounted to Rp 9,617,827.40 for four-wheeled tractor Model L3608, and Rp 14,331,283.40 for four-wheeled tractor Model L4018. The feasibility analysis of the Kubota Model L3608 and Model L4018 four-wheeled tractor service business in Tanah Miring District, Merauke Regency, is feasible, with an RC ratio of 1.26 for the Model L3608 four-wheeled tractor, and an RC ratio of 1.45 for the Model L4018 four-wheeled tractor.
Clustering of Rice Production in South Sulawesi of Januari-April 2022 and 2023 Period
Authors: Ahmad Harun Al-Rasyid , Lamane Siti Aisa , S. Muh. Zainal
Published: January 2025

Most of the Indonesian people consumes rice as a main food. Based on data from Badan Pusat Statistik, rice production in 2023 has reached 31.10 millions of ton, it decreased by 439.24 thousands of ton or 1.39 percent compared to rice production in 2022 which was 31.54 millions of ton. This research aims to clustering rice production in South Sulawesi for the January-April 2022 and 2023 periods and support more effective decisions in managing rice production in each city/district in South Sulawesi. The results of cluster analysis of Rice Production data in South Sulawesi for the January-April 2022 and 2023 periods using 2023 Agricultural Census data in South Sulawesi based on districts/cities produced 2 clusters. Cluster 1 consists of high amounts of rice production for the January-April 2022 and 2023 periods, which are Bone Regency, Sidrap Regency and Wajo Regency, while the other 21 city/districts are included in cluster 2, which consist the cluster for the low amount of rice production for the January-April 2022 and 2023 period.
Russia's "soft power" policy towards Kazakhstan in the research field on Central Asia
Authors:   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Gubaidullina M.Sh. , Paizova A. ,   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University
Published: January 2025

An important component of bilateral Kazakh-Russian relations is the cultural, humanitarian and educational sphere. In foreign policy, these directions are traditionally classified as "soft power". In this sense, the research question aimed at considering one of the modern trends of Russia's "soft power" in relation to neighboring countries and its interpretation in the studies of scientists is relevant. The authors consider some of the views of the academic community on Russian “soft power” with the aim of a general understanding of how Russian soft power has prospects for spreading its influence in Kazakhstan. This article aims to analyze some opposing academic views and show their strength and limitations. A critical analysis of the strategic documents of the Russian Federation points to repeated references to the importance of soft power in the description of Russia's foreign policy priorities. Using the example of Kazakhstan, the article discusses the main strengths and weaknesses of Russian “soft power” and its effectiveness. It is important to note that this paper is not aimed at reconstructing the general theoretical idea of «soft power». The authors strive to show different approaches and assessments of researchers about Russian «soft power» policy using the example of Kazakhstan as a country where Russian «soft influence» prevails the most.
Kazakhstan as a Center of Gravity in Central Asia in the Clash between the USA and China
Authors:   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Turtugulova D.M. , Seilkhan B. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Akimova Zh.B. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University
Published: January 2025

For centuries, Central Asia has been a crossroads of Eurasia or "intersection of East and West," making it an "interesting" region. In fact, it was the confluence point of four civilizations, which were controlled and controlled by the peoples of Central Asia.

Today, Central Asia has become an arena of competition and rivalry between the great powers (regional and non-regional), which affects the relations between them, as well as the strength of the balance, thus influencing the "international structure.

"Since the beginning of the twenty-first century, Central Asia has been undergoing a new stage of geopolitical transformation. Some experts say that Central Asia is returning to the Great Game of the nineteenth century - only with new players" [1].

The main external players – Russia, the U.S., the EU and China - have declared their support for peace, stability and regional cooperation in Central Asia - declarations that are, of course, welcome in the region. But there is also some friction between them.

All Central Asian countries identify Russia as a major foreign policy priority and recognize its interests in Central Asia. The Russian Federation, for its part, also claims the importance of developing relations with the countries of the region.

However, due to a number of objective and subjective factors, relations between Russia and the Central Asian republics face some difficulties. Nevertheless, relations between Central Asia and Russia, despite some differences in their positions and assessments, are quite pragmatic and encompass political, economic, military, educational and cultural cooperation.
Shamanism as a Cultural and Religious Phenomenon: Traditions and Social Role among Turkic and Chinese Peoples
Authors:   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Burkitbaeva Sh.D. , Shargynova A.E. ,   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University
Published: January 2025

This article is dedicated to the study of shamanism as an important component of the spiritual and cultural traditions of various peoples, with a focus on Turkic and Siberian ethnic groups. Shamanism, as a form of religious practice, represents a unique system of beliefs and rituals based on interaction with spirits and supernatural forces, as well as the role of the shaman as a mediator between the human world and the spirit world. The article examines the common features of shamanic practices among different peoples, including their rituals and the social role of the shaman in society. Special attention is given to the study of the role of shamanism in the formation of religious beliefs and social structures among the Turkic peoples and the peoples of Siberia.

The purpose of the study is to systematize existing knowledge about shamanic traditions, identify their common traits and specific features, and analyze the influence of shamanism on the spiritual life and social organization of the Turkic and Chinese peoples. The methodology of the research includes historical-analytical, comparative, ethnographic, sociological, and psychological approaches. The article presents the results of an analysis of shamanic practices, their evolution, and changes in the context of social and religious transformations.

The results of this work may be useful for further study of shamanism within the context of cultural and religious systems, as well as for understanding the social and spiritual role of shamans in traditional societies. The article contributes to the development of anthropology, ethnography, and cultural studies, expanding the understanding of shamanism as a crucial part of the world’s cultural heritage.
Izafet Constructions in the Monument "Gulistan Bit Turki" (Syntactic and Semantic Analysis)
Authors:   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Zinedina A.S. , Eskindirova M.Zh. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Yespekova L. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University
Published: January 2025

This article analyzes the semantics of izafet constructions in the "Gulistan bit Turki" monument. The research focuses on studying the syntactic structures of Turkic written monuments, particularly izafet constructions, to gain a deeper understanding of the semantic aspects of the syntactic system of Turkic languages of that period. Izafet constructions help determine the semantic connections between objects, phenomena, and concepts in the language, thus playing a significant role in Turkic linguistics. The aim of the study is to identify the semantic features of izafet relations in the "Gulistan bit Turki" text and analyze their grammatical and semantic connections. By distinguishing the types of izafet constructions (I, II, III), the study examines the use of possessive, subordinate, and metaphorical meanings and their semantic roles in the written monument. Structural-semantic, historical-comparative, contextual, and syntactic analysis methods are employed in this research. These methods allow for an examination of the semantic aspects of izafet constructions in the text. The semantic analysis of izafet constructions helps explain the fundamental principles of the syntactic system of Turkic languages and reveals the linguistic value of this monument. The research findings can be applied in linguistics, literary studies, and cultural studies. The study offers a comprehensive analysis of the semantics of izafet relations in "Gulistan bit Turki" and demonstrates their importance in shaping the semantic system of Turkic languages. This research makes a significant contribution to the deeper understanding of the historical aspects of the syntactic structure of Turkic languages.
Dombra: Types, Distribution Area, and Its Role in Epic Art
Authors:   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Sharip A.Zh.
Published: January 2025

The dombra is a musical instrument that plays a significant role in the cultures of Turkic peoples (Kazakhs, Uzbeks, Bashkirs, Nogais, Tatars, Lakais) and several other ethnic groups (Tajiks, Kalmyks, Hazaras). This article examines not the use of the dombra in instrumental music, but its role in the art of epic singing. This topic has not been specifically studied from a scholarly perspective before. The author utilizes photo, audio, and written materials collected during foreign research trips to scientific centers, museums, and informants. Some information about the dombra was recorded on video by Uzbek bakhshis. The specifics of dombra craftsmanship are discussed based on the experience of masters. The connection between the dombra and shamanic practices, as well as the tradition of its veneration among epic singers, is explored. The article presents hypotheses about the origin of the name "dombra" and corresponding opinions. The article uses comparative-historical, synchronic, and structural-functional research methods. The research results demonstrate that the traditional oral poetry of Turkic peoples was created in conjunction with music, and that epic singers and improvising poets performed their works accompanied by musical instruments, including the dombra. The geographical area of the instrument's distribution is found to be quite extensive.
Review of Gender Antiparemies in the Kazakh Language on the Instagram Network
Authors:   L.N. Gumiliyov Eurasian National University, Abdirov O.K. , Bibekov K.T. ,   L.N. Gumiliyov Eurasian National University
Published: January 2025

The article is devoted to some gender antiparemias in the Kazakh language, distributed on Instagram. The research work examined gender antiparemias in the Kazakh Instagram network and gave their descriptions. Within the framework of the topic, the collected materials were analyzed, the content, value and structure were analyzed. During the discussion, the pragmatic influence of antiparemias on society was determined using a statistical method. The content and purpose of creating antiparemias is explained, and a characteristic comparable to traditional invariants is given. The description took into account lexico-semantic and syntactic features and made ethnolinguistic conclusions about the sources and reasons for the emergence of proverbs. When determining the motives for the creation of some antiproverbs and the traditional structure of Kazakh proverbs, logical analyzes and techniques were used.

A comprehensive study of paremias should consist of the following stages: analysis of research works and existing analyses, compilation of an explanatory and functional dictionary of paremias, as well as the greatest possible depth in the etymology of paremias based on the compiled dictionary. This allows us to determine the origin and semantics of paremias. Determine the morphological, syntactic and logical structure of paremias, which have so far been classified by thematic groups, and create an algorithm of the traditional Kazakh system of thinking based on the collected data. Only after such steps can the paremic fund be revived and play a key role in determining national knowledge and thinking.
The Current State of Digital Policy In The Republic Of Kazakhstan
Authors:   Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, Amirbek A. , Ongarova Е. ,   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Syzdykova G. ,   Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University
Published: January 2025

The article examines the problem of the prospective application of the concept of digitalization in various spheres of social development, primarily in the political sphere from the point of view of the formation of the digital economy. The use of digital technologies in politics is viewed through the prism of two discourses: the digitization of politics is the policy of digitization associated with the expansion of technology into political relations and political management of digital development in the economy and social sphere. The first discourse highlights the mechanisms for determining political interests through electronic appeals to social networks and online voting. Within the framework of the discourse of digitalization policy, the creation of a management system for the development of the digital economy in the Republic of Kazakhstan is considered in connection with the implementation of one of the national goals of the country for the period 2018-2022. regulatory activities of the state as a whole to ensure the rapid introduction of digital technologies in the economy and social sphere, as well as the formation of the foundations of appropriate policy, namely, efforts to form and create their own national model of managing processes in the digital space. Both discourses demonstrate a tendency to a deep synthesis of the processes of technological and social development, which makes the latter connected by roots that lose their dependence on the mediating functions of traditional institutions. The growing importance of digital formats in world politics forces the state to mobilize various available tools to reduce the risks of competition in the new space of social relation.
Legal Aspects of UNSC Resolutions on International Terrorism (Sanctions Committee against ISIS (DAESH) and Al-Qaeda and Council Decisions of the European Union)
Authors:   Eurasian Communications centre, Sadykova R. , Kadyrbekov A. ,   M. Narikbayev University
Published: January 2025

Article devoted to broad issues of countering terrorism beginning from definition of the persons sponsoring terrorism. Also challenges of Sunctions Committee, Listing-deListing procedures, expansion of the powers of police and intelligence services. Some the authorities continued to persecute people peacefully practicing their religious beliefs through unregistered religious groups. Some countries are to initiate legislative changes with regard to non-governmental organizations in order to restrict their activities that contravene the conditions of freedom of association

There is broad and comprehensive analysis of United Nations main resolutions and other documents and reports on activities of the Analytical Support and Sanctions Monitoring Team established pursuant to resolution 1526 (2004) addressed to the Chairman of the SC Committee established pursuant to UNSC resolution 1267 (1999).
The Northern Ireland Protocol and the Windsor Framework as Parts of the Withdrawal Agreement of Brexit
Authors:   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Yesdauletova A.M.
Published: January 2025

The article discusses trade issues between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland, since the UK is now a member-state of the European Union. The main documents and main aspects have been analyzed, and the key items have been fully investigated. In order to address the particular circumstances on the island of Ireland, to maintain the prerequisites for continued North-South cooperation, to avoid a hard border, and to protect the 1998 Agreement in all its dimensions, the Protocol on Ireland/Northern Ireland was created. Additionally, it seeks to defend the EU single market. While applying the EU Customs Code, Northern Ireland is nonetheless included in the UK’s customs territory. Norther Ireland continues to participate in the EU single market and follows all applicable laws and regulations. Additionally, the area is still a part of the Single Electricity Market. There is still a Common Travel Area between the UK and Ireland.
The Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy on Dimensions of Emotional Reactivity and Brain-Behavioral Systems in Individuals Prone to Extramarital Relationships
Authors:   MSc, Department of Psychology, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran, Alizadeh Maryam , Hossinzadeh Maryam ,   MSc, Department of Psychology, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran, Otaghsara Arsalan Khanmmohammadi ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Marriage is considered the most significant event in an individual’s life and the most fundamental human connection.
Objective: The present research aimed to determine the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) on the dimensions of emotional reactivity and brain-behavioral systems in individuals prone to extramarital relationships.
Method: This research was a semi-experimental pretest-posttest design with a control group. The study population consisted of married women prone to extramarital relationships referring to psychological counseling centers in the city of Babol during the first quarter of 2023. A sample of 30 individuals was selected using a convenience sampling method and were randomly assigned to two groups: Experimental (n=15) and control (n=15). The Emotional Reactivity Scale (Nock et al., 2008), the Behavioral Inhibition System/Behavioral Activation System (BIS/BAS) scales (Carver and White, 1994), and the Cognitive Therapy Protocol (Epstein and Baucom, 2002) were used for eight 90-minute sessions to collect data. Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) using SPSS version 24 was employed to analyze the data.
Results: The results indicated a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of dimensions and factors of emotional reactivity and brain-behavioral systems (BIS/BAS) (P=0.001). The results of the covariance analysis demonstrated revealed that CBT increased BIS scores and decreased BAS and emotional reactivity scores.
Conclusion: Based on the findings, it can be concluded that CBT has a positive impact on the brain-behavioral systems and emotional reactivity of individuals prone to extramarital relationships.
Effectiveness of Motivational Psychotherapy on Depression and Anxiety of mothers of Childrens with Learning Disabilities
Authors:   Master of Psychology of Exceptional Children, Birjand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Birjand, Iran., Shahzehpour Abdolghader , Miri Minoo ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology and Counseling, Farhangian University, PO Box 889-14665, Tehran, Iran.
Published: January 2025

Introduction: The importance of psychological interventions to reduce depression and anxiety of mothers of children with learning disabilities is essential. It seems that one of the effective interventions is motivation-based psychotherapy.
Aim: The study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of motivational psychotherapy on depression and anxiety of mothers of children with learning disabilities.
Method: The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of this research was made up of all the mothers of children with learning disabilities in the city of Zabul in the academic year of 2021-2022 who had files in the rehabilitation center for children with special learning difficulties of Shahid Salvatian in Zabul (65 people). Among them, 40 people were selected by the available sampling method and randomly placed in two experimental (20 people) and control (20 people) groups. Lavibond & Lavibond psychological symptoms questionnaire (1995) and Sahebdel's motivational psychotherapy training (2018) were the research tools. To analyze the data, the analysis of covariance test was used in SPSS-26 software.
Results: The findings indicate that motivational psychotherapy is effective on depression (F=83.92; P<0.001) and anxiety (F=149.81; P<0.001) of mothers of students with learning disabilities and reduces Depression and anxiety.
Conclusion: According to the results, motivational psychotherapy was effective on depression and anxiety of mothers of children with learning disabilities; Therefore, it is suggested to use motivational psychotherapy in order to reduce depression and anxiety of mothers of children with learning disabilities.
Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for Implementation of National Credit Framework (NCrF) in Vocational Education, Training and Skilling (VETS)
Authors: Dr. H M Naveen
Published: January 2025

The NEP 2020 with its motto of equitable and inclusive education lays emphasis on the integration of general (academic) education, and vocational education ecosystem with a view to reform academic main stream as well as TVET and to provide opportunities for life-long learning. The NCrF aims to integrate and creditize all kinds of leaning acquired through different modes. Further, it encompasses school education, higher education and VETS to ensure flexibility, inclusivity, and mobility. The NCrF is a meta framework that encompasses and integrates learning based on the different qualification frameworks, namely, NHEQF, NSQF and NCF as highlighted in this article. The NCrF notified by UGC shall act as the broad enabling and guiding frameworks which shall be supplemented by these SOPs and guidelines for operationlization of NCrF in Vocational Education, Training and Skilling (VETS) for organizations and institutions. The modus operandi for implementation and integration of Skill-based courses / qualifications in Education to address the vision of NEP and NCrF of holistic and multi-disciplinarity education . along with it, the present article will also highlight the SOP for Implementation and Integration of Skill-based Courses / Qualifications in Education, by and large, as well as the Implementation and Integration of same type courses in Higher Education and School Education.
The main features of military law in Ukrainian lands during the XVIII century
Authors: Holovko B. H.
Published: January 2025

The study of Ukrainian military history in general and military law in particular is of paramount importance in the context of Russian aggression against Ukraine. The period of the 18th century occupies a prominent place in Ukrainian history due to the incorporation of Ukrainian lands into other states, primarily the Russian Empire. Codification by the Russian administration was understood as the absorption of Ukrainian law into Russian law and the complete obliteration of the Ukrainian legal tradition. However, Ukrainian codifiers, using the principle of legal continuity, were able to create original legal collections which had an obvious connection with previous achievements in the field of law. It has been established that the focus of regulation of military-legal relations was on the problems of mobilisation, which was applicable to all segments of Ukrainian society. It has been determined that military service has become the main condition for acquiring land ownership. The article enshrines in law the need to abolish the possibility of evading mobilisation by transferring land as a loan, pledge, inheritance, etc. The law required military service by the legal owner of the land. It has been found that the law provided for the possibility of refusing conscription in case of emergency, but even in such circumstances, the landowner had to take care and appoint another serviceman from among his relatives. Moreover, it has been proved that legal norms also regulated the prosecution of military personnel who violated law and order during redeployment, cantonment, and communication with each other and the local population. In addition, it has been shown that the most common universal type of punishment for violation of military laws was a fine, but certain features of the punishment were determined by the social status of the offender – the nobility was deprived of their social privileges as an additional punishment, and lower-ranking soldiers were subject to corporal punishment. Thus, it has been determined that military legal norms paid special attention to the regulation of personnel policy: people who were unconditionally brave, experts in military affairs, and those who enjoyed universal respect were recommended for command positions. Considering all the above circumstances can be useful in developing a new military doctrine of Ukraine and enrich it with invaluable historical experience.
Directions for improving the regulatory framework for the use of discretionary powers by law enforcement agencies in administrative legal relations
Authors: Prysiazhniuk O. A.
Published: January 2025

The article notes that limiting the discretionary powers of law enforcement agencies through the implementation of legislative provisions which would detail and set the limits for the application of these powers is seen as one of the primary tasks for these institutions to comply with the rule of law and is considered to be the main leitmotif of the process of improving the regulatory framework for the use of discretionary powers by law enforcement agencies in administrative legal relations.
The emphasis is placed on the fact that recently, in the activities of law enforcement agencies, including administrative law enforcement, there have been such negative trends as concealment of offences, corruption, bribery, and dishonest behaviour of officials. Such a situation, which is the result of sometimes unlimited use of discretionary powers by these entities, creates a huge public outcry, reduces the level of public confidence in the law enforcement system of the State as a whole, and destabilises society, which is especially dangerous in wartime. It is noted that the primary task in the process of solving the described problems and minimising the adverse effects of decisions made by law enforcement officials in the course of administrative discretion is to develop a targeted legislative policy aimed at optimising the limits of discretionary powers by establishing the necessary legal framework for their exercise.
It is also emphasised that in order to implement these initiatives, it is necessary to increase the effectiveness of measures to improve the rulemaking technique, i.e., the set of technical and legal means, methods, techniques and methods by which a draft legal act is created. The paper proposes that when developing and adopting new acts, it is mandatory to introduce the most complete and accurate definition of the terms (concepts) used, especially those involving the use of discretionary powers. It is concluded that it is advisable to provide for the level of bodies (officials) which are granted the relevant discretionary powers in the regulations.
Criminological examination of law acts and their drafts in the system of measures to combat corruption crime in the security and defense sector of Ukraine
Authors: Polyakov I. S.
Published: January 2025

The article is devoted to the study of the essence, purpose of criminological examination of regulatory legal acts and their drafts as a tool for combating corruption crime in the security and defense sector of Ukraine. A narrow and broad understanding of the specified examination is proposed. It is established that criminological examination as such is broader in subject matter, functions, objectives, and applied significance than anti-corruption. The latter is one of the types of criminological. The position is substantiated, according to which regulatory legal acts and their drafts, which regulate social relations both directly in the sphere of activity of entities of the security and defense sector of Ukraine, and of entities related to it (for example, medical and social expert commissions, which are built into the mechanism for implementing mobilization measures and affect the personnel potential of the Armed Forces of Ukraine) should be subjected to both anti-corruption and criminological examination.
The main tasks of criminological examination of regulatory legal acts and their drafts as a means of combating corruption crime in the security and defense sector of Ukraine are identified, which include: identifying defects in the legal regulation of control mechanisms for the implementation of the powers of security and defense sector entities; identifying regulatory prerequisites for committing corruption criminal offenses using discretionary powers; identifying shortcomings (poorly defined concepts, contradictions, duplication of powers, discretionary provisions) in regulating the implementation of control and supervisory procedures, receipt, registration, circulation, write-off of property in the field of activity of security and defense sector entities of Ukraine; identifying discrepancies between the real needs of legal entities and the existing legal mechanisms for their satisfaction and implementation, which determines the request for the existence of compensatory corruption practices; identification and neutralization of legal corruption factors in the mechanisms of defense procurement, in particular through non-tender procedures, as well as at the stages of placement, execution and acceptance of the results of the defense order for repair and restoration work on military equipment and weapons systems.