bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ti-Y Surface Alloy Formed by High-Energy Methods
Authors: Morozova Nadejda N. , Sosnin Konstantin V. , Petrikova Elizaveta A. , Teresov Anton D. , Ivanov Yury F.
Published: February 2015

The alloying of the titanium layer by yttrium is carried out with the combined method of electroexplosive alloying and the subsequent radiation by a high-intensity electron beam. The research of structure, element and phase composition, mechanical and tribological properties of the alloyed layer is executed. The saturation of the titanium layer by atoms of yttrium, oxygen and carbon that leads to formation of oxides and carbides of the titanium and yttrium is revealed. The formation of two types of an eutectic is established. It is shown that the eutectic enriched with the titanium has a globular form when the eutectic enriched with yttrium has a plated one. The multiple increasing of microhardness, decreasing of friction coefficient and the wear rate of the alloyed layer is revealed.
Structural Analysis of В4С Bimodal Powder Mixture
Authors: Petukevich Мaria S. , Ivanov Yuri F. , Khasanov Oleg L. , Dvilis Edgar S. , Panina Alexandra A.
Published: February 2015

Phase composition and structure of boron carbide powder with dispersion of particles varying from 30 nanometers to 0.8 micrometers were investigated by the methods of X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron diffraction microscopy. It was obtained bimodal powder mixtures with relatively quasi-uniform distribution of nanosized powder particles.
Microstructure and Wear Resistance of Surface Layer of Copper Modified by N+ Ion High Fluencies Implantation
Authors: Sergeev Viktor , Sungatulin Alfred R. , Kalashnikov Mark P. , Sergeev Oleg V. , Zharkov Stanislav Yu.
Published: February 2015

Change of the wear resistance of a copper couple under friction during nitrogen ion implantation was investigated using tribological tests in argon atmosphere. The structural-phase state of the treated sample surface was investigated by TEM, the microhardness was determined using nanoindenter, the penetration depth of nitrogen ions was investigated by the secondary ion mass spectrometry. It was established that the high nitrogen fluencies under ion implantation increase wear resistance of a copper friction pair 1.5-4.5 times as well as the microhardness of the sample surface.
Bimetallic Supported Pd-Ag Catalysts
Authors: Bondarchuk Ivan S. , Mamontov Grigory V. , Cadete Santos Aires Francisco J. , Kurzina Irina A.
Published: February 2015

Series of Pd-Ag/SiO2, Pd/CeO2 and Pd-Ag/CeO2 catalysts with different Pd/Ag ration were synthesized and investigated. It was shown that simultaneous reduction of Pd and Ag took place for Pd-Ag/SiO2 and Pd Ag/CeO2 catalysts during TPR-H2. That may be associated with formation of bimetallic Pd-Ag particles. The high temperature of Pd reduction was observed for Pd/CeO2 and Pd-Ag/CeO2 catalysts. That was associated with strong interaction of PdO with CeO2 or formation of mixed PdxCeO2-δ phase.
Basic Stages of Magnet Production by Fluoride Technology
Authors: Bujnovskij Alexander S. , Sofronov Vladimir L. , Sachkov Victor , Anufrieva Alexandra V.
Published: February 2015

This paper presents the results of development of ecological low-waste “dry” fluoride technology of magnetic material production on the basis of rare-earth metals of the Nd-Fe-B-system. The physicochemical fundamentals are stated and the basic stages of the proposed technology are experimentally examined: the fluorination of raw material with elemental fluorine, the production of compact ingot alloys and addition alloys by the calcium-thermal out-of-furnace reduction of fluorides, the production of magnets with the help of the powder metallurgy method using mechanical or hydride grinding, as well as waste processing.
Electromagnetic Characteristics of Composites Based on Multiferroics Powders at Microwave Frequencies
Authors: Zhuravlyova Yelena V. , Dotsenko Olga
Published: February 2015

The results of researches of polymer composite materials are given in this paper. The fillers of composites were: hexaferrite BaCo0.7Zn1.3Fe16O27; and BaTiO3, CaTiO3, Bi4Ti3O12 were chosen as the ferroelectric components. Results of the researches of complex permittivity and permeability showed that composite of W-hexaferrite BaCo0.7Zn1.3Fe16O27 and CaTiO3 had the best electromagnetic characteristics.
Development of Stand for Testing Electrochemical Permeation (STEP) of Hydrogen through Metal Foils
Authors: Kudiiarov Viktor N. , Pushilina Natalia S. , Harchenko S.Y.
Published: February 2015

Experimental Stand for Testing Electrochemical Permeation (STEP) of hydrogen through metal foils was constructed and described in this paper. Hydrogen diffusion coefficients in different metal foils at room temperature can be determined by using STEP. Influence of pulsed electron beam irradiation on hydrogen diffusion coefficient in zirconium alloy E110 was investigated. It was established that treatment by pulsed electron beam with the energy density of 18 J/cm2, by three impulses with duration 50 μs leads to a decrease in the diffusion coefficient of hydrogen on the order of one. This is due to the fact that structure with more branched crystals’ boundary formed after irradiation and such structure is effective trap for hydrogen. Also there is formation of protective oxide film after irradiation.
Investigation of the Phase Composition of Lithium-Titanium Ferrites by Thermo-Magnetometric and X-Ray Analysis
Authors: Astafyev Alexander L. , Lysenko Elena N. , Surzhikov Anatoly P.
Published: February 2015

In the present work, the formation of the phase composition in the synthesis of lithium-titanium ferrite composition Li0.6Fe2.2Ti0.2O4 was investigated using thermo-magnetometry method based on thermo-gravimetric measurements in a magnetic field. Results of thermo-magnetometric analysis are compared with X-ray diffraction method data. It is shown that the thermo-magnetometry method better reflects the formation of the magnetic phase in the synthesis of ferrite, and therefore provides a more precise estimate the phase composition of the synthesis products.
Cement Foam Concrete with Low Shrinkage
Authors: Kudyakov Alexander I. , Steshenko Alexey B.
Published: February 2015

The results of studies of fiber reinforced cement foam concrete with mineral and synthetic fibers are given in the article. Introduction of fibers in the amount of 0.1-2% of the weight of cement in the foam concrete mixture enables increase in the strength of the foam concrete in 28 days by 2.5 -fold, decrease in the thermal conductivity by 30-40% and the shrinkage strain by 42-90%.
Kinetic Analysis of Lithium-Zinc Ferrite Synthesis by Thermogravimetric Method
Authors: Nikolaev Evgeny V. , Surzhikov Anatoly P. , Lysenko Elena N.
Published: February 2015

The kinetic of lithium-zinc ferrite synthesis reaction up to temperatures 800°C was studied in air using non-isothermal thermogravimetric analysis. Mathematical treatment of thermogravimetric curves was carried out using Netzsch Thermokinetics software where the kinetic model with minimal adjustable parameters quantitatively describe the synthesis reaction of lithium-zinc ferrite was chosen. It was shown that the experimental TG curves clearly suggest a multi-step process for the ferrite synthesis and therefore a model-fitting kinetic analysis based on multivariate non-linear regressions was conducted. The complex reaction can be best described with a three-step reaction scheme consisting of parallel reaction steps. It is established that the best results were obtained with the using at the first stage the diffusion model of Yander, on the second and third stage were used the reactions of n-order. Kinetic parameters of lithium-zinc ferrite synthesis reaction were found.
Influence of Refractory Metal Oxide Ultrafine Particles on the Structure and Mechanical Properties of High-Manganese Steel
Authors: Zykova Anna P. , Kurzina Irina , Lychagin Dmitry V. , Chumaevsky Andrey V. , Novomejsky Mihail Yu.
Published: February 2015

The study examines the influence of the modifier based on refractory metal ultrafine oxides on the structure and properties of frogs made of 110Г13Л (Russian grade) high-manganese steel. It is established that the introduction of the modifying mixture leads to the samples grain size refining by 1.5 times, significant reduction in the amount of nonmetallic inclusions in the grain body and along its boundaries, and enhancement of mechanical properties.
Grain Bending at Deformation of the Steel and Arrangement of Internal Stresses
Authors: Gibert Ivan , Kiseleva Svetlana , Popova Natalya , Koneva Nina , Kozlov Eduard
Published: February 2015

Arrangement of Internal Stresses in Deformed Austenitic Steel is Studied. the Internal Stresses are Determined Using Parameters of Bending Extinction Contours Observing on Electron Microscope Images of the Steel. at the Deformation Degree ε = 14% the Average Internal Stress Values inside Separate Grains with Complex Bending is much Greater than <σ> in a Grain with Simple Bending. the Difference of <σ> at the Deformation Degree ε = 25% in Grains with Simple and Complex Bending is Small. this is Explained by Considerable Relaxation of the Internal Stresses in the Deformed Steel Caused by Appearance at ε > 20% of a Great Number of Microtwin Packages
Pressure and Temperature Effect on Hydrogen Sorption of Carbon Material
Authors: Gulidova Lyudmila V. , Dubrova Natalya A. , Lider Andrey M.
Published: February 2015

The paper presents the experimental results of saturation of the carbon material containing nanotubes with hydrogen from the gas. The dependences of hydrogen concentration from pressure (from 0 to 8 atmospheres), at the same temperature for adsorption (-30 degrees Celsius) and different temperatures for desorption were obtained. The temperature has an influence on sorption-desorption process and sorption properties of carbon material. The amount of residual hydrogen depends on saturation parameters.
Structural Phase State of the Ceramic Layer of ZrO2
Authors: Tolkachev Oleg S. , Ivanov Yuriy , Klopotov Аnatoly , Klopotov Vladimir , Abzaev Yuriy
Published: February 2015

The results of the X-ray phase and thermodynamic analysis of phase formation in the Zr-Y-O system which is the initial material for formation of yttrium of stabilized ceramics on the basis of dioxide of zirconium are presented. It is established that the material is multiphase and contains monoclinic, cubic and tetragonal modifications of dioxide of zirconium which weight ratios differ considerably.
Influence of Physical Properties of B4C Powder on the Strength Properties of the Ceramics Manufactured by SPS Sintering
Authors: Khasanov Oleg L. , Dvilis Edgar S. , Bikbaeva Zulfa G. , Polisadova Valentina V. , Khasanov Alexey O. , Petukevich Мaria S. , Milovanova Tamara V.
Published: February 2015

Ceramics samples in the form of a parallelepiped with high strength characteristics have been made. For the manufacture of the ceramics samples a powder mixture from submicron В4С powder with additives (1 wt%, 5 wt%, 10 wt%) of boron carbide nanopowder was used. The physical properties of the powder mixtures and strength properties of sintered ceramics have been studied. It was shown that the use of submicron fractions of the boron carbide powder together with nanoadditives is a determining factor in the formation of dense fine-grained structure providing improved physical and mechanical properties of the ceramics.
Methods for Producing of Cement Mixes Additives Based on Peat
Authors: Kopanitsa Natalya O. , Sarkisov Yurij S. , Kasatkina Aleksandra V.
Published: February 2015

Compositional and structural features of peat allow creating efficient additives for cement systems by means of the various processing methods. The basic selection criteria of the method of production are feedstock composition and required properties of the product. This paper presents outcomes of research of thermal and chemical conversion of peat and influence of processing method on the properties of the obtained substance.
Investigation of Defects Accumulation in the Process of Hydrogen Sorption and Desorption
Authors: Lider Andrey M. , Husaeva Olga V. , Bordulev Yuriy S. , Laptev Roman S. , Kudiiarov Viktor N.
Published: February 2015

This paper is devoted to the defect structure study of commercially pure titanium after hydrogen sorption-desorption cycles by means of positron lifetime (PL) and Doppler broadening spectrometry. Material was loaded with hydrogen from the gas phase till the concentration of hydrogen reached the value of 0.05 wt.% for each cycle. The essential changes in the positron annihilation characteristics of the sample are occurred after the each stage of treatment.
Eddy Current Analysis for Nuclear Power Materials
Authors: Larionov Vitalii V. , Lider Andrey M. , Garanin Georgy V.
Published: February 2015

This paper presents experimental results of eddy current analysis of hydrogen in technically pure titanium alloy. Eddy currents when penetrating various depths change their parameters in relation to material properties. Each layer possesses different degree of hydrogenation and differs in number of defects and their location. The measurement of hydrogenated titanium conductivity in various depths with different angular position of eddy current probe were performed and discussed. Components` surface measurements caused by hydrogenation were registered by currents with the frequency of 10 MHz. The results can be used for the development of new materials with required properties.
Elastoplastic Invariant Relation for Deformation of Alkali-Halide Crystals
Authors: Barannikova Svetlana A. , Nadezhkin Mikhail V. , Zuev Lev B.
Published: February 2015

Plastic strain localization patterns in compression-strained alkali halide (NaCl, KCl, and LiF) crystals have been studied using a double-exposure speckle photography technique. The main parameters of strain localization autowaves at the linear stages of deformation hardening in alkali halide crystals have been determined. A quantitative relationship between the macroscopic parameters of plastic flow localization and microscopic parameters of strained alkali halide crystals has been established.
Wrinkling and Folding in Copper Single Crystals under Compression and Sliding
Authors: Lychagin Dmitry , Tarasov Sergei , Chumaevskii Andrey V. , Alfyorova Ekaterina
Published: February 2015

Strain-induced folds on the lateral faces of copper monocrystals generated in compression and sliding tests have been studied using SEM and OM techniques. It has been established that these folds form at different structural scale levels by similar mechanisms related basically to distortion of faces in the vicinity of their end faces during the so-called "lip" formation. Under compression folds have also been formed on the lateral areas bended and on the strain domain boundaries.Keywords: single crystal, wrinkling, folding fragmentation, texture, sliding.
Reduction of Locomotor and Brain Activity of Wistar Rats after Serial Administration of Titanium Dioxide
Authors: Khodanovich Marina , Zelenskaya Anna , Gul Elizaveta , Sukhanov Dmitry , Krutenkova Elena
Published: February 2015

Nanoparticles of titanium dioxide (TiO2) are widely used nanomaterial with particle size below 100 nanometers TiO2 is applied as a pigment to provide whiteness to such products as paints, paper, foodstuffs, medicines, toothpastes, etc. However, neurotropic properties of titanium dioxide remains unclear. This work aimed evaluation of neurotoxic effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (12 nm particle size) serially administered to Wistar rats in dose of 250 mg/kg for 7 days. Behavioral and physiological observations were registered immediately after treatment. Results showed that nanoTiO2 particles caused reducing of general motor activity in rats and a shift of the electroencephalogram (EEG) power toward low frequencies of (EEG), while aggressive behavior, and open field behavior did not change. The depressive effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on the central nervous system (CNS) observed in our study might be related to neuronal damage caused by an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as the impairment of synaptic transmission.
Circulating Matrix Metalloproteinases, Tissue Inhibitors, Natriuretic Peptides, and Rigidity of the Great Arteries in Patients with HFpEF in 12 Month after Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Ryabov Vyacheslav , Kravchenko Elena , Suslova Tatiana
Published: February 2015

The paper is focused on the evaluation of the serum levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP -2, MMP -3, MMP - 9), tissue inhibitors (TIMP -1 and TIMP -2), natriuretic peptides, pusle wave velocity in patients (pts) with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) in 12 month after ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The study included 55 pts. The serum levels of MMP -2, MMP -3, MMP - 9, the precursor of matrix metalloproteinase -1 (proMMP -1), TIMP -1 and TIMP -2, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were determined by ELISA. BNP in whole blood was determined on panels Triage BNP test. The most pts had class II NYHA (49%), as was often II class angina (53%). Increases in levels of BNP were dependent on class of NYHA. The stiffness of the great arteries was associated with increasing in BNP and NT-proBNP. There were no changes in levels of proMMP-1, MMP 3, MMP-2, MMP-9. But the serum levels of TIMP-1, hsCRP were increased in pts with HFpEF after STEMI. A positive relationship between hsCRP and TIMP-1 was obtained. Moreover, we found decreasing in levels of MMP-3 in pts with increased rigidity without the risk of cardiovascular events.
Organ-Preserving Surgery Using Endografts from Superelastic Titanium-Nickelid-Based Alloy for Patients with Laryngeal Cancer
Authors: Choynzonov Evgeny , Mukhamedov Marat , Kulbakin Denis , Buldakov Mikhail , Gyunter Viktor
Published: February 2015

Our study has demonstrated feasibility of performing larynx preservation surgeries in patients with recurrent laryngeal cancer after failure of radiotherapy. The technique of combined laryngeal reconstruction with endografts from superelastic titanium-nickelid-based alloy results in improvement of life quality by preserving laryngeal functions.
Development of a Method for Producing and Purifying N2-Carboxyethyl-2'-Deoxyguanosine for Molecular-Biological Research
Authors: Krivoshchekov Sergey , Bogdanov Aleksandr O. , Ogorodova Ludmila M. , Dementeva Natalya B. , Saltykova Irina V. , Marchenko Roman D. , Ivanov Vladimir V. , Mayboroda Oleg A. , Sazonov Alexey E.
Published: February 2015

Methylglyoxal (MG) – is a high reactive α- oxoaldehyde, which can be synthesized through various biochemical processes in vivo. MG is capable of interacting with nucleophilic groups of proteins, lipids and nucleic acids which leads to their glycation. Covalent compounds that formed in this process were named advanced glycation end products. Advanced glycation end products play an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetes, chronic inflammation, cancer and Alzheimer's disease. One of the most stable compounds, which is formed by reacting of methylglyoxal with the nitrogenous bases of the DNA molecule is N2- carboxyethyl -2' - deoxyguanosine (CEdG). This compound can be used as a marker for monitoring of various diseases, investigation of the role of glycation end products in their pathogenesis, as well as to search for the therapeutic targets. To perform our molecular-biological investigations by mass spectrometry, we synthesized N2- carboxyethyl -2' - deoxyguanosine, and have proposed a new method for purifying compounds by reverse - phase HPLC. As a result, we achieved the optimal purity of the sample, while substantially reducing the cost of the purification procedure.
Mass Determination Algorithms Using High Energy Digital Radiography
Authors: Osipov Sergei P. , Klimenov Vasilii A. , Osipov Oleg S. , Samigullin Vil'dan D. , Shtein Aleksandr M.
Published: February 2015

The paper presents foundations of the algorithm of processing primary radiographic images of large-size cargoes that allows determination of their masses. Two possible approaches to form definite algorithm of processing radiographic information were analyzed. The choice of the approaches depends on the completeness of information about the test object. The first approach to design mass determination algorithm is connected with inspecting industrial products. Industrial inspecting products are characterized by a completeness of information about the material, its structure, the geometry. The information augmented by selecting maximum X-ray energy and calibrating by test object allows determination the mass of inspecting object by the only radiographic image with high precision. The second approach is caused by indeterminacy and incomplete information about inspecting object. This case is typical for problems of cargo inspection. Corresponding algorithm modification is based on using dual-energy X-ray imaging that allows determination of the effective atomic number of test object and provision of the required precision of mass estimation.
Designing Fuzzy Systems to Predict Efficiency of the Non-Pharmacological Treatment
Authors: Hodashinsky Ilya , Anfilofyev Alexander , Meshcheryakov Roman , Gorbunov Ivan
Published: February 2015

A method for choosing rehabilitation programs on the basis of fuzzy classifiers and approximators is proposed. Fuzzy systems are identified using swarm intelligence methods and methods based on derivatives. The results of the system operation on the real data are given.
Physicochemical Processes at Plasma Treatment of Quartz-Feldspar Raw Materials
Authors: Volokitin Oleg G. , Volokitin Gennadii G. , Shekhovtsov Valentin V.
Published: February 2015

The paper considers the processes of plasma chemical synthesis of silicate melts produced from quartz-feldspar raw materials with a view to obtain new construction materials having the advanced functional performance. Results are presented which illustrate physicochemical research findings (X-ray diffraction analysis, infrared spectroscopy) related to quartz-feldspar raw materials and a melts produced there from.
Mathematical Models Describing the Absorption Mechanism of Cadmium Ions on the Modified Peat Sorbent
Authors: Naumova Ludmila B. , Gorlenko Nikolay P. , Chernov Eugeniy B. , Sarkisov Yuri S. , Zhuykova Alena V , Dmitrienko Viktor P.
Published: February 2015

The sorption mechanism of cadmium ions on the modified fen peat is investigated. The kinetic, equilibrium, and thermodynamic parameters of the process are calculated; kinetic equations and the diffusion sorption model are described. It is shown that the absorption process of cadmium ions from an aqueous solution is carried out by two sorption centers and follows the Langmuir law; the absorption mechanism is diffusional and is described by the anti-Yander model.
Using Mathematical Models to Provide Reliability of Transport Facilities
Authors: Efimenko Sergey V. , Sukhorukov Alexey V. , Konyayeva Oktyabrina V.
Published: February 2015

The present article describes the use of computational models to perform quantitative assessment of the environmental effects over the design period to ensure reliable operation of transport facilities, built with traditional materials. The peculiarities of forming moisture accumulation in road pavement materials and subgrade are given, as well as the climatic factors, which have an important role in change of the material properties of pavement.
Glyoxylic Acid Separation from Products of Glyoxal Oxidation in the Form of its Calcium Salt
Authors: Pozdniakov Maxim A. , Rubtsov Konstantin V. , Rasskazova Lyudmila A. , Filimoshkin Anatoly
Published: February 2015

Synthesis of glyoxylic acid was carried out by oxidation of glyoxal aqueous solutions by nitric acid. Glyoxylic acid and oxalic acid (as a by-product) were isolated from technological mixtures in the form of their calcium salts in a strictly defined region of pH. Previously, model calcium salts were synthesized from the commercial acids as reference objects.The results of infrared spectroscopy and complexometric titration of precipitates of calcium salts of glyoxylic and oxalic acids, isolated in various pH regions, allow one to construct reliable research strategies of complex mixtures, such as obtained from the oxidation products of aqueous solutions of glyoxal.
Al2O3/SiO2 Materials with Bimodal Pore Size Distribution as Support for Heterogeneous Catalysts
Authors: Litvyakova Natalya , Bugrova Tatiana , Mamontov Grigory
Published: February 2015

The Al2O3/SiO2 materials prepared by impregnation of mesoporous silica with water solution of Al(NO3)3·9H2O were suggested to be used as supports for catalyst of high-temperature catalytic reactions. It was shown that the distribution of Al2O3 component inside wide pores of silica (10-50 nm) occurs with the formation of Al2O3 layer in case of low loading and porous layer or particles, if Al2O3 loading increases. Thus, materials with bimodal pore size distribution were obtained. The Cr-containing catalysts were prepared on the basis of these supports and tested in the process of isobutane dehydrogenation at 540 °C. It was observed that the activity of the obtained Cr/Al2O3/SiO2 materials was comparable with the one for Cr/Al2O3 catalyst. Thus, the suggested Al2O3/SiO2 materials with unique porous structure are promising to be used as supports for catalysts for high-temperature reactions.
Synthesis of TiO2  and F-Doping TiO2 Powders via "Reverse" Hydrolysis of Titanium Tetraisopropoxide
Authors: Fakhrutdinova Elena , Shabalina Anastasiia V. , Sudareva Elena
Published: February 2015

TiO2 and F-TiO2 powders were prepared by hydrolysis of titanium tetraisopropoxide with reversed mixing of different hydrolytic reagents. The typeof the hydrolytic agentstronglyinfluences particle size, morphology and phase composition ofpowder.It was found, that the amount of injected water is significantly affects on BET surface area and particle size ofbare TiO2.The presence offluorinemakes the samplemore porous and preventsanatase to rutile phase transformation under prolonged heat treatment, also particle formed are bigger in comparison with un-doped TiO2.
Phytochemical Preparation, Characterization and Photocatalytic Applications of Ag-TiO2 Nanocatalyst
Authors: Yuvasree P. , Nithya K. , Neelakandeswari N. , Rajasekaran N. , Uthayarani K. , Chitra M. , Kumar S. Sathiesh
Published: February 2015

Green chemical approach is adopted for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs). Since the nanoparticles tend to aggregate during the course of the catalytic reaction, they need to be stabilized by employing a suitable template or a support. Hence the prepared nanoparticles were loaded on titania support and used as a photocatalyst. Silver loaded titania (Ag-TiO2) is characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Prepared composite was also tested for its photocatalytic activity against the degradation of an industrial pollutant Rhodamine B dye. Effect of pH, ratio between the catalyst and the substrate and also the role of free radical generator in the degradation have been tested and summarized in this work.Keywords: Silver nanoparticles, Phytochemical preparation, Green chemical approach, Photocatalysis, Rhodamine B
Synthesis and Characterization of Pure and Mn Doped Zinc Sulphide Nanoparticles and Nanofluids
Authors: Gopalakrishnan M. , Nelson Issac P. , Kingson Solomon Jeevaraj A.
Published: February 2015

In this work, pure ZnS and Mn doped ZnS nanoparticles are synthesized by simple chemical precipitation method. The structure of pure zinc sulphide and Mn doped zinc sulphide sample are analyzed by X-ray diffraction technique. The morphological structure of zinc sulphide and Mn2+doped zinc sulphide nanoparticles are studied using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The average particle sizes of pure ZnS nanoparticles are determined to be from 29 nm to 44 nm and Mn doped ZnS nanoparticles are determined to be from 99 nm to 135 nm. The optical properties of pure and Mn doped ZnS nanoparticles have been investigated by photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The emission spectrum of Mn2+doped with ZnS particles of the present study shows blue shift of the yellow-orange emission peak at 590 nm. Nanofluids are prepared for six different concentrations by dispersing pure and Mn2+doped ZnS nanoparticles in de-ionized water. Thermal conductivity studies are carried out for both nanofluid systems and the results are discussed.
Acoustical Studies on CuO – Diethyl Amine + Isopropanol Binary Nanofluids at Various Temperatures
Authors: Rohini B. , Kingson Solomon Jeevaraj A.
Published: February 2015

Ultrasonic parameters of CuO: Diethylamine-Isopropaonol binary nanofluids at six different concentrations have been reported at three different temperatures like 298K, 308K and 318K. The acoustical parameters such as Ultrasonic sound velocity (v), Compressibility (β), Inter molecular free length (Lf), Acoustic impedance (Z) are calculated from experimental data. The variation of these parameters with composition of the mixture helps us in understanding the nature and extent of interaction between particles and the binary liquid mixtures.KeywordsUltrasonic velocity, Compressibility, Acoustic impedance, Inter molecular free length, Nanofluids
Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Plant Extract and its Anti-Plasmodial Property
Authors: Panneerselvam Chellasamy , Murugan Kadarkarai , Amerasan Duraisamy
Published: February 2015

Metallic nanoparticles have received great attention from chemists, physicists, biologists and engineers who wish to use them for the development of a new generation of nanodevices. In the present Communication, a completely “green” chemistry method for producing silver nanoparticles is introduced. The process is simple, environmentally benign, and quite efficient. Green nanoparticle synthesis has been achieved using environmentally acceptable plant extract and ecofriendly reducing and capping agents. In particular, silver nanoparticles are proved to have potential antibacterial, antifungal and antiplasmodial and antimicrobial properties. The present study was aimed to identify the antiplasmodial activity of green synthesised silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using aqueous extract of plantEuphorbia hirtaagainstP.falciparum. Nanoparticles are being used in many commercial applications. It was found that aqueous silver ions can be reduced by aqueous extract of plant to generate extremely stable silver nanoparticles in water. The bio-reduced silver nanoparticles were appropriately characterized by UV–vis spectrum, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The formation of the AgNPs synthesized from the XRD spectrum compared with the standard confirmed spectrum of silver particles formed in the present experiments were in the form of nanocrystals, as evidenced by the peaks at 2θ values of =28.01°, 32.41°, 46.44°, 55.05° and 57.75°. The scanning electron micrograph (SEM) showed structures of spherical, cubic shape, and the size range was found to be 30–60 nm. The EDX spectra showed the purity of the material and the complete chemical composition of the synthesized AgNPs. The parasitic inhibition was dose-dependent. The synthesized AgNPs showed considerable antiplasmodial activity than the crude methanol and aqueous leaf extract ofE.hirta. The maximum efficacy was
Preclinical Investigations on Antineoplastic Activity of Iron Oxide Nanoparticle – Drug Complexes
Authors: Sreeja S. , Nair Cherupally Krishnan Krishnan
Published: February 2015

The present study aims to target a cytotoxic drug, Berberine to tumor tissues specifically by the use of iron oxide nanoparticles and a nitro triazole compound, Sanazole which gets accumulated in hypoxic tumor tissue. Under in vitro conditions the nanoparticles complexed with Berberine and Sanazole showed higher cytotoxicity to tumor cells than either of the drugs and complexes of single individual compounds. The tumor-bearing animals treated with these nanoparticle-drug complexes increased the regression in tumor volume and survival of the animals. The present work thus revealed the potential applications of Berberine and Sanazole in cancer therapy.
Enhancement of CO2 Capture Using CuO Nanoparticles Supported on Green Activated Carbon
Authors: Wan Isahak Wan Nor Roslam , Che Ramli Zatil Amali , Lahuri Azizul Hakim , Yusop Muhammad Rahimi , Mohamed Hisham Mohamed Wahab , Yarmo Mohd Ambar
Published: February 2015

At room temperature, dehydrating agent, concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4) was used to form porous carbon (BAC) from bamboo waste shows good properties as CO2 adsorbent. Selection of nano-CuO supported BAC produce composite materials with high total surface area and smaller pores size composite of 660.8 cm2/g and 2.7 nm. XRD data showed the support data to confirm the hydroxide phase formation as intermediate for carbonate and accelerate the CO2 chemisorption reaction. Besides, the presence of BAC together with metal oxide can improve the CO2 interaction physically on the surface and pores resulting the higher adsorption capability of 32.2 cm3 of CO2 per gram adsorbent. The combination of nano-CuO on BAC become a good adsorbent which can stimulate the CO2 reduction programme as well as reduce the CO2 emissions during BAC production.
Effect of Electrolyte Concentration on Anodised Titanium in Mixture of β-Glycerophosphate (β-GP) and Calcium Acetate (CA)
Authors: Lee Te Chuan , Idris Maizlinda Izwana , Abdullah Hasan Zuhudi , Sorrell Charles C.
Published: February 2015

Anodic oxidation is a surface modification method which combines electric field driven metal and oxygen ion diffusion for formation of oxide layer on the anode surface. Anodised titanium has been widely use in biomedical applications especially in dental implant. This study aimed to investigate the effect of electrolyte concentration on titanium. Specifically, the titanium foil was anodised in mixture of β-glycerophosphate disodium salt pentahydrate (β-GP) and calcium acetate monohydrate (CA) with different concentration (0.02 M + 0.2 M and 0.04 M + 0.4 M), anodising time (10 min), applied voltage (150, 200, 250, 300 and 350 V) and current density (10 mA.cm-2) at room temperature. Surface oxide properties of anodised titanium were characterised by using glancing angle X-ray diffraction (GAXRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), focused ion beam (FIB) milling and digital camera. With increasing electrolyte concentration, the oxide layer became more porous. The GAXRD results also showed that rutile formed at high applied voltage (≥300 V) when the higher concentration of electrolyte was used.
Effects of Mould Pressure and Substitution of Quartz by Palm Oil Fuel Ash on Compressive Strength of Porcelain
Authors: Hassan Uman , Noh Mohamad Zaky , Ahmad Zainal Arifin
Published: February 2015

Palm oil fuel ash (POFA) is a by-product from agricultural waste produced thousand tonnes every year. This paper presents the use of treated POFA as a substitute material for quartz in fabricating an improved porcelain ceramic. Untreated POFA was dried in an oven at 100 oC for 24 h. Then, it was ground in a ball mill for 1.5 h with the revolution rate of 200 rev/min to reduce the particle size. Next, it was sieved to remove the particles coarser than 50 μm. The POFA was treated by heating it at a temperature of 600 oC for 1.5 h. The mixed powder was then pressed into pellets at mould pressure of 31 MPa, 61 MPa, 91 MPa and 121 MPa. All the pellets were sintered at the temperature of 1100 oC for 2 h soaking time. It was found that the highest compressive strength of 34 MPa is at 15 wt% POFA and mould pressure of 91 MPa. The increment in the strength could be attributed from the changes in the microstructural features as a result of an optimum applied pressure.
The Effect of Ultrasonic Treatment on the Oxidation Resistance and Microstructure of Fe80Cr20 Alloy Powder at High Temperature Oxidation Process
Authors: Feriyanto Dafit , Idris Maizlinda Izwana , Sebayang Darwin
Published: February 2015

Effect of ultrasonic treatment on the oxidation kinetics and microstructure of Fe80Cr20 alloy is investigated. The aim of this study is to improve the surface morphology and oxidation resistance of the Fe80Cr20 alloy powder as a raw material. Ultrasonic technique is very promise technology and not yet fully explored. The Fe80Cr20 material was treated by ultrasonic technique (UT) at various times of 3.5 h, 4.5 h, 5 h and followed by cold compaction with force of 13 Newton. The oxidation test was carried out using tube furnace under argon gas environment with 5 cycles, which has been considered. It was found that the UT has improved the surface morphology of the material effectively. Ultrasonic was revealed that the good interparticle bonding when experimented with ultrasonic treatment at 4.5 h. In the oxidation test, the lowest mass gain of 68 mg/cm2 was found at the oxidation time of 100 h. Meanwhile, the lowest parabolic rate constant of 6.8198 x 10-14 g2cm-4s-1 was revealed when ultrasonic for 4.5 h sample.
Investigation of Sulfur Crosslinking Interfacial of Natural Rubber (NR) Blending with Carboxyalted Styrene Butadiene Rubber (XSBR) Using X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy
Authors: Lamlong Chanaphan , Taweepreda Wirach , Nu-Mard Rattapong , Songsiriritthigul Prayoon
Published: February 2015

The sulfur crosslinking films from Natural Rubber (NR), Carboxylated Stryrene Butadiene Rubber (XSBR) latices, and their blends have been investigated using X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy (XANES). The film was prepared by casting the latex compound on glass surface and heating at 120oC in a hot air oven for 10 minutes. The sulfur crosslinking density were studied by the XANES. This was done to provide the local geometry and electronic environment of sulfur bonding in the rubber networks. We found that the reversion takes place before the onset of oxidative processes at the sulfur bridges. Parallel to the oxidative processes, the production of cyclic sulfanes takes places. This relationship depends on the rubber compositions.
Adsorption of CO2 on Octadecylamine-Impregnated on SiO2: Physical and Chemical Interaction Studies
Authors: Abu Tahari Maratun Najiha , Hakim Azizul , Wan Isahak Wan Nor Roslam , Samad Wan Zurina , Yarmo Mohd Ambar
Published: February 2015

Silica dioxide (SiO2) can be modified by impregnating amine-containing compound to improve CO2 adsorption capacity. Octadecylamine (ODA) was supported on silica dioxide particles. The amine-modified samples were characterized using FTIR, BET and XRD. Carbamate ion pair formation on surface of adsorbents was analyzed by XPS. Reactivity of solid sorbents towards CO2 was evaluated using isothermal CO2 adsorption by BET. This study shows 25 wt % ODA/SiO2 can adsorb 2.45 wt % CO2/adsorbent is slightly higher in adsorbing CO2 compared to pure SiO2 which only adsorb 1.85 wt % CO2/adsorbent.
Synthesis and Characterization of Nanocrystalline Hydroxyapatite Powder
Authors: Asmawi Rosli , Ibrahim Mohd Halim Irwan , Amin Azriszul Mohd , Mustafa Najwa , Sopyan Iis
Published: February 2015

Nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (HA) powder was synthesized by a simple heating process involving simple chemical reaction. The characterization of the produced powder showed that the powder is nanosize with particle in the range of 30-70 mm in diameter and almost evenly spherical in shape. The powder also has a high surface area of 43.16 m2/g. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) observation showed the crystallite and particle size become bigger with an increment of calcination temperature, indicating increasing of crystallinity.. FESEM observation showed the particle size become bigger with an increment of calcinations temperature. It is in agreement with the crystallite size analysis, obtained by Scherer’s formula and particle size analysis, measured by nanoSizer. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infra Red Spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses exhibited the same result, where HA phase was clearly observed at at various temperatures up to 600 ̊C. However, at temperature more than 600 ̊C, Tri calcium phosphate (TCP) phase appeared suppressing the HA phase, producing biphasic calcium phosphate.
Structural Properties of Cerium Substituted Yttrium Iron Garnet
Authors: Wan Ali Wan Fahmin Faiz , Ahmad Hasnul Hakimi , Othman Mohamad Ariff , Zubir Mohd Ihsan , Ain Mohd Fadzil , Abdullah Norazharuddin Shah , Ahmad Zainal Arifin
Published: February 2015

The cerium-substituted yttrium-iron garnet (Ce-YIG) in CexY3–xFe5O12 is considered as a promising material for applications in high frequency wireless communication technology. In this work, we reported the structural properties of Ce-YIG. This material was produced via conventional solid state reaction (CSSR) with various molar ratio of cerium (x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5, respectively). A heat treatment was at a temperature of 1420 °C for 6 h after pre-fired at 1100 °C for 6 h. Multiple phases were presented in Ce-YIG ceramics. It was found, at x=1.5, the substitution of Ce into YIG has reached the solid solution limit. It was seen that, the peaks were shifted to the lower angle and proportional to the amount of Ce added. Thus, it can be concluded that, the substitution of Ce into YIG was successfully at x=0.1,0.5, and 1.0 respectively before reaching the solid solution limit at x=1.5.
Effect of Sintering Temperature on the Dielectric Properties of Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 Ceramics Synthesized via High Planetary Ball Mill
Authors: Ab Rahman Mohd Fariz , bin Arshad Asyraf , Ahmad Zainal Arifin , Mohamed Julie Juliewatty
Published: February 2015

The properties of Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3(PZT) ceramics have been studied. PZT ceramic powders were successfully prepared by high planetary ball mill method under different milling time and then were sintered at different sintering temperature. The raw materials of PbO, ZrO2 and TiO2, powders were ball milled at 40 and 60 hours using high planetary mill. The mixing powders then were compacted and sintered at 950°C and 1200°C. Formations of the perovskite phase along with some secondary phase were seen after 40 and 60 hours of milling while single phase formation of PZT was seen after sintered at both sintering temperatures. The grain size of the samples becomes larger with the increasing temperature. In dielectric properties analysis, the dielectric constants were reduced due to increasing sintering temperature. Meanwhile, the loss tangents increased with sintering temperature.
Effect of Lanthanum and Strontium Doped on PZT Properties Prepared via High Planetary Mill for Piezofan Application
Authors: Bahanurdin Fatin Khairah , Shu'aibon Muhammad Afif Sharhan , Jumali Mohammad Hafizuddin , Ahmad Zainal Arifin , Mohamed Julie Juliewatty
Published: February 2015

Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) ceramics are of great technological interest because of their excellent piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties. In this research, an effort will be made to enhance the PZT properties by doping with other elements. The objective of this research is to enhance the dielectric, hence increase the efficiency and performance of piezofan. Properties that piezoelectric fan should have are high mechanical piezoelectric coupling factor, high dielectric constant, easily polarized and high piezoelectric charge constant. Soft and isovalent dopant was a very suitable candidate to fulfill this requirement. The samples will be prepared via high planetary mill and use optimum compaction pressure due to these processes can skip calcinations process, which can reduce a lot of cost. This process also can avoid PbO loss during firing process. The proposed elements are isovalent dopant which is Sr2+ and donor dopant which is La3+ to subtitude Pb2+ at the A-site of PZT. Dopant is beneficial to the enhancement of physical properties of PZT – based ceramics. It also effectively improved the dielectric properties of PZT ceramics due to the effect of average grain size.
Facile Synthesis of One-Dimensional Titania Nanotubes via Hydrothermal Method
Authors: Lai Chin Wei , Juan Joon Ching
Published: February 2015

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoarchitecture has been widely used in the environmental and energy related applications. Herein, a simple and facile synthesis method will be introduced for high-conversion preparation of TiO2 nanotubes using hydrothermal method from nanoscale TiO2 particles. The quantity of TiO2 nanoparticles being used towards the formation of nanotubes was investigated using FESEM, TEM and EDX. In the present study, TiO2 nanoparticles were treated chemically with NaOH aqueous solution and subsequently with HCl aqueous solution under optimum experimental condition. It was found that the TiO2 nanotubes with outer diameter of 10 nm were successfully formed. In this case, the amount of residual Na+ ions during the hydrothermal synthesis stage can be controlled by HCl treatment, which resulted in the formation of one-dimensional TiO2 nanotubes.
Improved Photocatalytic Oxidation of Organic Dye Using One-Dimensional Titania Nanotubes
Authors: Lai Chin Wei , Samsudin Emy Marlina , Juan Joon Ching
Published: February 2015

Titania (TiO2) nanotubes were successfully synthesized via a facile hydrothermal method. The influence of starting material (TiO2 nanoparticles) content on the conversion of tubular structure during hydrothermal treatment was investigated. Based on the result obtained, it was found minimum 1 g of TiO2 nanoparticles was required for completing the transformation of nanotubular structure. The photocatalytic activity of TiO2 nanotubes was evaluated by degradation of organic methyl orange (MO) dye. Interestingly, one-dimensional TiO2 nanotubes exhibited high photocatalytic oxidation rate (78% degradation) under UV irradiation for 5 hours. The reason was attributed to the high active surface area to generate more hydroxyl radicals (∙OH) for triggering photocatalytic oxidation reactions on the inner and outer surface of TiO2 nanotubular structure.
Silver Nanoparticles in TiO2 Coatings for Potential Antimicrobial Coatings
Authors: Zulkifli M.R. , Nurhamizah A.R. , Mohd Juoi Jariah , Mustafa Zaleha , Shamsudin Zurina
Published: February 2015

This research aims to determine the effect of silver nanoparticles concentrations as antimicrobial coatings when doped to TiO2 coatings. The TiO2 coatings were prepared by sol–gel method initiating Titanium Isopropoxide–Propanol mixture as a precursor solution. The silver nanoparticles (40 nm) were then doped to the coating after sintering at 500°C. Two concentrations of silver nanoparticles, (50 ppm and 1000 ppm), were prepared for comparison in this study. Microstructure and crystalline phase of coatings were evaluated using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Glancing Angle X-Ray Difraction (GAXRD) technique. The antibacterial test was according to McFarland standard for detecting E.Coli, S.Aerues, fungas and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA). Results show that only coatings with the concentrations of 1000 ppm of silver nanoparticle function as antimicrobial coatings.
XRD and EDS Analysis of Composite Cathode Powders LSCF-SDCC-Ag for Low Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (LTSOFC)
Authors: Bakar M.S.A. , Ahmad Sufizar , Rahman Hamimah Abdul , Basri H. , Muchtar A.
Published: February 2015

X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDS) analysis has been conducted on composite cathode powder LSCF-SDCC-Ag. Composite cathode powder LSCF-SDCC has been produced using high energy ball milling via wet milling method through calcinations at 750 °C. The calcined LSCF-SDCC powder then was mixed with Ag (3wt%) then pressed become pellets and sintered at 500, 550 and 600 °C. The phase purity of composite cathode powder LSCF-SDCC-Ag was determined via XRD analysis and elements distributions were observed via EDS-mapping. The SrCO3 phase was emerged after the addition of composite cathode powder LSCF-SDCC with Ag powder. The phase purity of composite cathode powder LSCF-SDCC-Ag were maintained before and after sintered. The variable of sintering temperature also not effect the structure as there were no other secondary constituent emerged as confirmed by XRD sensitivity. EDS analysis shows LSCF-SDCC-Ag produced via ball milling has uniform distribution of elements.