bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Matriz de insumo producto vitivinícola de Baja California México
Authors: González Andrade Salvador , Fuentes Flores Noé
Published: April 2020

El objetivo del estudio es estimar la matriz de insumo-producto para el sector vitivinícola (MIPVino) del estado de Baja California, México. Además, analizar el impacto que tiene en el empleo, un aumento de un millón de pesos en la producción del sector. Los resultados encontrados muestran que en el sector vitivinícola el multiplicador del empleo para la actividad vitícola (sector primario) es dos veces superior al de la actividad vinícola (sector industrial) debido a que genera empleo “nuevo”.
El paradigma post keynesiano: preceptos, estado del arte y visión de la economía
Authors: De la Luz Tovar Christian
Published: April 2020

Al considerar la falta de pluralismo en la enseñanza de la ciencia económica y el predominio de una teoría económica con supuestos bastante alejados de la realidad y su postura excluyente, hermética e inmutable hacia cualquier contribución distinta a su perspectiva económica este artículo busca introducir al lector en las ideas Post Keynesianas, presentándole de manera concisa su postura económica y su estado actual del arte, como corriente crítica y alternativa del análisis económico. Se realiza una taxonomía de la Escuela Post Keynesiana para diferenciarla del enfoque ortodoxo dominante y se expone la postura de la economía monetaria de producción.
Overview of patients with vascular pathology and cost analysis of medical care – research market for an entrepreneurial project
Authors: Sandu Aurelia Mihaela , Fürtös Adrian Mircea , Gorgan Radu Mircea
Published: April 2020

Introduction: Brain vascular pathology, aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), cavernomas, dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVF), venous angiomas and capillary telangiectasia, represents a serious health problem worldwide.

Aim: The aim of this article is to perform an analysis of patients with brain vascular pathology and to analyze costs of health services, a research market for an entrepreneurial project, in order to design guidelines for patients’ selection and treatment.

Material and methods: We performed an observational, descriptive study of patients with vascular pathology, from 2018 to 2019.

Results: A total of 153 patients with brain vascular pathology were admitted in our department. Mean age was 49.53 ± 13.997 years. Sex ratio was 0.86. Mean hospital stay was 11.33 ± 13.724 days. Seventy-four patients (48.37%) underwent surgery. Seventy-eight patients (50.98%) had cerebral aneurysms. Complications were seen in 24 patients (30.77%) and vasospasm in 32 cases (41.03%). Thirty-six patients underwent surgery. Outcome was favorable, according to mRS(p=0.001) and Karnofsky score(p=0.006).Thirty-three patients (21.57%) had brain AVMs. Twenty patients underwent surgery. Complications were seen in 4 cases (12.12%). The outcome was favourable, according to mRS(p=0.001) and Karnofsky score (p=0.002). Thirty-nine patients (25.49%) had cavernomas. Surgery was performed in 18 cases. The outcome was favourable, according to Engel Epilepsy Surgery Outcome Scale, mRS (p=0.000) and Karnofsky score (p =0.000). Costs of health services were correlated with longer hospitalization, higher mRS, lower Karnosfsky score, presence of complications and presence of vasospasm.

Conclusions: Proper treatment of brain vascular pathology ensures a favourable outcome. Adequate patients’ selection and choosing the best treatment can reduce costs. Surgery is the treatment of choice in ruptured aneurysms, AVMs and cavernomas. Early surgery, with specific treatment of the vascular lesion and removal of intracranial blood ensures a better outcome, with lower medical costs. Prevention of complications, aggressive treatment of vasospasm reduces medical costs.
Management of a patient with acute internal hydrocephalus, ventriculitis and bronchopneumonia
Authors: Daniel Balasa , Alexandru Tunas
Published: April 2020

A 69-year-old patient, with a long history of lung tuberculosis, with lymphopenia was emergently admitted in our hospital for bronchopneumonia, ventriculitis, acute internal hydrocephalic. He was aggressively treated with iv Meropenem and Vancomycin, intraventricular high doses of Vancomycin, aerosols, Dexametazone with healing of internal hydrocephalus, ventriculitis and improvement of bronchopneumonia.
Accuracy of 2D Fluoroscopy with Preoperative CT Fused Neuronavigation in Thoracic and Lumbar Pedicle Screw Insertion
Authors: Bălașa Adrian , Hurghiș Corina-Ionela , Tămaș Flaviu , Florian Ioan-Alexandru , Peter Levente , Chinezu Rareș
Published: April 2020

Aim: Pedicle screw fixation is an established technique in the lumbar and thoracic area. Fluoroscopy-guided screw placement and subsequently navigation have decreased the rate of misplaced screws, but no technique has wholly eliminated this risk. This paper aims to study the difference between the accuracy of the fluoroscopic guided screw placement to that of the 2D fluoroscopy- preop CT fused neuronavigation guided technique, a lesser-used navigation technique. 

Material and Methods: This retrospective study reflects our results using both techniques between March 2018 and March 2019 in both degenerative or traumatic spinal pathology for thoracic and lumbar regions. The accuracy of the screw placement was measured using Mirza grading system on postoperative CT images.

Results: A total number of 56 patients underwent spinal instrumentation surgery. A total of 274 screws were placed with a mean number of 4.89 screws per patient; 199 screws were implanted using neuronavigation and 75 using the freehand-2D fluoroscopy-guided technique.  The accuracy rate of pedicle screw placement in the freehand technique guided by 2D fluoroscopy was 88,00%. With the use of neuronavigation, the accuracy increased to 89,96%.

Conclusion:  Pedicle screw placement accuracy is higher when guided by CT-fluoro matching neuronavigation compared to freehand fluoroscopy-guided technique and can be used in departments where there is no intraoperative O-arm or 3D fluoroscopy available.
A rare case of pituitary macroadenoma with synchronous suprasellar meningioma.
Authors: David Bogdan Ionut , Tataranu Ligia Gabriela , Ciubotaru Vasile Gheorghe , Sandu Aurelia Mihaela , Gorgan Radu Mircea
Published: April 2020

Synchronous tumours can be found all along the entire neuraxis, however, some lesions are far less likely to coexist. One of these extremely rare associations is between GH-pituitary adenomas and suprasellar meningiomas. A wide spectrum of transcranial and transsphenoidal approaches were described in the literature for either sellar, suprasellar and parasellar lesions, but no agreement has been reached for the cases of simultaneous occurring lesions.

We present a rare case of a woman with GH-secreting pituitary adenoma and concomitant suprasellar meningioma. The strategy chosen was sequential transsphenoidal surgeries. However, after the first surgery, the remaining tumour mass did not mobilize as expected due to gravity, hence we decided to perform a transcranial subfrontal unilateral approach. Surprisingly, the second surgery revealed a different histopathological result.

Association of a GH-pituitary adenoma and suprasellar meningioma is very rare, only 17 cases being reported in the relevant literature so far.  Different authors prefer different strategies, ranging from only transsphenoidal to simultaneous transsphenoidal and transcranial approaches, but no general consensus was established.

In conclusion, the existence of synchronous tumours of the sellar region should be taken into account when imaging studies reveal an intracranial mass developing both sellar and suprasellar. The surgical strategy should be tailored to every specific patient and experience of the neurosurgeon.
Management of facial paralysis following treatment of neurosurgical tumours
Authors: V. Costan V. , L. Ciofu M. , F. Sava , O. Boisteanu , M. Dabija
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this study is to present our experience on improving the quality of life of patients with facial paralysis due to an operated intracranial tumour, by performing minimally invasive static reanimation procedures. We reviewed the clinical information pertaining to neurosurgical patients with facial paralysis that underwent static reanimation. The study included 11 patients with complete facial nerve paralysis of all nerve branches, that reported different primary complaints upon presentation. The performed procedures consisted of gold plate insertion into the superior eyelid, inferior eyelid ectropion correction or suture suspension. The functional results were favourable in all cases and the resulting appearance was acceptable. The choice of the different techniques used is discussed. Good outcomes are possible using static reanimation with an adequate adaptation of the techniques to the main patient complaint.
Mechanical thrombectomy techniques for acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Chiriac A. , Ion Georgiana , Dobrin N. , Turliuc Dana , Poeata I.
Published: April 2020

Mechanical thrombectomy technique was introduced as an effective and secure method in acute ischemic stroke patients suffering from intracranial large vessel occlusion (LVO). In this article, we will review the main mechanical thrombectomy techniques and current trends in this type of treatment for acute ischemic stroke.
Puncture site bleeding complications in patients with Clopidogrel hyper-response
Authors: Žarko Nedeljković , Ivan Vukasinović , Branisalva Majstorović , Svetlana Milosević Medenica , Mihailo Milićević , Rosanda Ilić , Vuk Aleksić , Aleksandra Paunović , Aleksandar Stanimirovic , Vuk Scepanović , Marina Milić , Marko Todorović , Filip Milisavljević , Danica Grujičić
Published: April 2020

Dual antiplatelet therapy (clopidogrel and acetylsalicylic acid) is a standard for the embolization of planned intracranial aneurysms with CNS stent due to the possibility of stent thrombus formation. All anti-aggregation drugs, including those listed, have bleeding as a side effect. Three patients with aneurysm had an elevated response to antiplatelet therapy with clopidogrel, which was confirmed by a multiplate test on the "VerifyNow" system. After reducing the dose of clopidogrel or after interrupting it, with the introduction of low molecular weight heparin for the duration of five days, aneurysms were successfully resolved by intracranial implantation of the stent. Perioperative angiograms and postoperative CT angiograms have verified hematomas at the place of punction of the femoral artery. Bleeding was resolved by the femoral artery suture by a vascular surgeon. All patients were discharged home without further complications and with dual antiplatelet therapy. By measuring the platelet function in vitro, the degree of inhibition of platelet activity achieved by the action of the drug can be assessed. A specific test can identify those patients who are highly responsive to the drug with increased platelet reactivity and the possibility of increased risk of bleeding. Our suggestion is to reduce the dosage of clopidogrel or to leave it out for 24 hours with preventive doses of low molecular weight heparin or to change the strategy of treatment of intracranial aneurysm, i.e. avoiding implantation of CNS stent.
Risk factors and clinical and neurological consequences of intraoperative rupture of brain aneurysms in microsurgical operations
Authors: A. V. Bindu , Yu. Orlov M. , O. Litvak S. , Yeleynik M. V.
Published: April 2020

Objective. to assess the frequency, risk factors and clinical and neurological consequences of intraoperative rupture of arterial aneurysm (AA) of the brain (B) in clipping operations of the B AA .

Materials and approaches. A retrospective analysis of microsurgical operations clipping of cerebral aneurysms in 1449 (100%) patients for the period from 2011 to 2018 was performed, of which 141 (9.73%) cases had intraoperative rupture of the aneurysm (IORA). Preoperative examination: clinical and neurological examination, CT of the brain, cerebral angiography( CAG), duplex scanning of the main vessels of the head and neck. The analyzed criteria are risk factors of IORA: AA size, localization, shape, duration of surgery after the primary rupture of AA, the presence of hypertension and the patient's condition before surgery.

Results. The frequency of IORA in clipping operations of B AA was 9.73% (141 patients) in a series of observations 1441 (100%). Most often IORA-141 (100%) was registered in clipping operations of AA of complex ACA-AcomA (86 (61%) cases out of 141 (100%)). IORA is possible at all stages of the operation with the maximum frequency of contact breaks – 135 (95.74%); the rarest-6 ( 4.26%)  -  non - contact IORA (at the stage of craniotomy)  was recorded. At the preoperative stage, the vast majority of patients with subsequent IORA were diagnosed with cerebral edema, AA of large size, atherosclerotic changes in the aneurysm-affected segment of the artery and cervical areas of the aneurysm, high blood pressure during surgery, adhesive arachnoid changes. At the time of discharge from the hospital, according to the Glasgow results scale: 69 (48.94%) full or partial restoration of labor activity, 18 (12.77%) had limited daily activities without the need for outside assistance, 37 (26 24%) deep disability ) Deaths were in the group of "contact" IORA -  17 (12.06%). At 6 ( 4.26%) of "non-contact" IORA,  a deepening of initial neurological symptoms was recorded with a suppression of the level of consciousness, the addition of pyramidal insufficiency, speech impairment and psycho-organic syndrome, and a deepening of the phenomena of initial cerebral arterial vasospasm.

Conclusions. IORA is predominantly in contact with a frequency of occurrence-9.73 %. The most common risk factors for IORA were: cerebral edema, large AA, atherosclerotic changes in the aneurysm-affected artery segment and cervical aneurysm sites, high blood pressure during surgery, adhesions arachnoid changes. IORA leads to deepening of initial neurological symptoms, phenomena of initial vasospasm of cerebral arteries with the level of total mortality-17 (12.06%).
Surgical challenges and outcome of endoscopic endonasal approaches in the management of recurrent pituitary adenomas
Authors: Taha Ahmed Nageeb Mohamed , Mohamed Hosam Shata , Mohamed Mahmoud Saad
Published: April 2020

Background: Various surgical approaches for the management of midline anterior skull base meningiomas exist in the literature. The main surgeon target is proper selection the appropriate approach that achieves total removal of the lesion without causing morbidity or mortality and facilitates safe effective removal of the tumor.

Objectives: To evaluate the role of the extended pterional approach for excision of midline anterior skull base meningiomas as regard the effectiveness, extent of resection and surgical outcome.

Patients and methods: This retrospective study involved 23 cases with midline anterior skull base meningiomas resected through the extended pterional approach. Patients' clinical data, operative notes, imaging studies and clinical follow-up data were analyzed and evaluated.

Results: Tumors studied were 9 olfactory groove meningiomas, 8 tuberculum Sellae meningiomas, 4 planum sphenoidale meningiomas and 2 diaphragma sellae meningiomas. Gross total resection tumor excision in 15 cases (64.5%), subtotal excision in 5 cases (21.5%) and partial excision in 3 cases (14%). Complications were diabetes insipidus (2 cases 8.6%), CSF rhinorrhea (3 cases 12.9%) and visual deterioration (3 cases 12.9%). We had two cases of mortality.

Conclusion: The extended pterional approach allows safe and effective removal of midline anterior skull base meningiomas. It expands the exposure offered by the classic pterional approach and minimizing the necessity for applying fixed brain retraction with good cosmetic outcome and less approach related morbidities in comparison with the extensive skull base approaches.
The extended pterional approach for midline anterior skull base meningiomas
Authors: Taha Ahmed Nageeb Mohamed , Mohamed Hosam Shata , Mohamed Mahmoud Saad
Published: April 2020

Background: Various surgical approaches for the management of midline anterior skull base meningiomas exist in the literature. The main surgeon target is proper selection the appropriate approach that achieves total removal of the lesion without causing morbidity or mortality and facilitates safe effective removal of the tumour.

Objectives: To evaluate the role of the extended pterional approach for excision of midline anterior skull base meningiomas as regarding the effectiveness, extent of resection and surgical outcome.

Patients and methods: This retrospective study involved 23 cases with midline anterior skull base meningiomas resected through the extended pterional approach. Patients' clinical data, operative notes, imaging studies and clinical follow-up data were analyzed and evaluated.

Results: Tumors studied were 9 olfactory groove meningiomas, 8 tuberculum Sellae meningiomas, 4 planum sphenoidale meningiomas and 2 diaphragma sellae meningiomas. Gross total resection tumour excision in 15 cases (64.5%), subtotal excision in 5 cases (21.5%) and partial excision in 3 cases (14%). Complications were diabetes insipidus (2 cases 8.6%), CSF rhinorrhea (3 cases 12.9%) and visual deterioration (3 cases 12.9%). We had two cases of mortality.

Conclusion: The extended pterional approach allows safe and effective removal of midline anterior skull base meningiomas. It expands the exposure offered by the classic pterional approach and minimizing the necessity for applying fixed brain retraction with good cosmetic outcome and less approach-related morbidities in comparison with the extensive skull base approaches.
Intraneural synovial sarcoma of median nerve
Authors: Bhardwaj Sandeep , Kansal Anil , Bansal Rohit , Sharma Rakesh , Sharma Akangsha
Published: April 2020

Synovial sarcomas are highly aggressive soft tissue tumour with a poor and dismal prognosis. These tumours have a high propensity for distant metastasis and local recurrence.  Although originally believed to arise from synovium, these tumours have been found to occur anywhere in body1,2. We report here, a case of median nerve sarcoma in a 15-year female. This is a rare tumour, which is diagnosed only after histopathological examination with only a few cases reported in the literature (Table 1). Although preoperatively tumour was thought to be a nerve sheath tumour, on histopathology analysis was found to be synovial sarcoma. Despite aggressive behaviour, wide local excision is recommended even in smaller lesions. So, the diagnosis should always be kept in differentials of nerve sheath tumour, as what may be a synovial sarcoma.
Microbiota Gut-Brain Axis and Neurodegenerative Disease
Authors: Oluwatobi Poluyi Edward , Ese Imaguezegie Grace , Oluwatumininu Poluyi Abigail , Eghosa Morgan
Published: April 2020

This review highlights the microbiota gut-brain axis and neurodegenerative diseases excluding studies on animal models. Gut microbiota is capable of modulating some brain activities via the microbiota gut-brain axis. A bidirectional communication exists between the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the central nervous system (CNS) in the microbiota gut-brain axis. Gut dysbiosis has been linked to neurodegenerative diseases as a result of the imbalance in the composition of its microbiota, which has a damaging effect on the host’s health. The association between the role and mechanism of CNS disease and gut microbial is yet to be fully explored. Although some studies have shown a positive relationship between a rich diverse microbial community and the brain of the host, and a negative relationship between microbial dysbiosis, intestinal infection and human brain health, our knowledge, however, is limited due to the inability to identify the major players in this heterogeneous microbial community.
Association of platelet count and platelet indices with cranial meningioma
Authors: Karatas Yasar , Keskin Fatih , Erdi Mehmet Fatih , Kaya Bulent , Arac Densel , Izci Emir Kaan , Kalkan Erdal
Published: April 2020

Introduction and Objectives: In this study, we aimed to investigate whether platelet count (PLT) and platelet indices included mean platelet volume (MPV), platecrit (PCT), platelet distribution width  (PDW) values can be used as diagnostic markers in cranial meningiomas.

Materials and Methods: The study included results of 29 patient and 47 healthy contributors. Based on pathologies, the patients were divided into two groups. The first group included meningioma patients and the second one included healthy individuals. Healthy contributors named control group. Platelet count and platelet indices were determined using Sysmex XN 550 haematology analyzer. The preoperative platelet count (PLT) and platelet indices included mean platelet volume (MPV), platecrit (PCT), platelet distribution width  (PDW) values were recorded from the routine laboratory tests.

Results: There was no statistically significant difference in PLT between the meningioma and healthy groups (p = 0.217). There was a statistically significant difference in PCT between the meningioma group and the healthy group (p = 0.002). There was a statistically significant difference in PDW between meningioma group and healthy group (p = 0.001). In terms of MPV, there was a statistically significant difference between meningioma group and the healthy group (p = 0.001)

Conclusion: Platelet count and indices are easily available in the routine blood tests. Despite the retrospective design and small sample size, our findings suggest that altered MPV, PDW and PCT levels might serve as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of meningiomas.
Fast growing recurrent grade I meningioma
Authors: Goel Prashank , Singh Daljit
Published: April 2020

Meningiomas are mostly regarded as benign tumours, accounting for 13% to 26% of all primary intracranial tumors1. According to 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) classification, meningiomas are classified into grade I (benign), II (atypical), and III (anaplastic).2 Meningioma are neoplasms derived from arachnoidal (meningothelial) cells. These lesions can occur in people of any age but commonly present in middle age. Women are more likely to develop a meningioma, with a female/male ratio of approximately 2:1 intracranially and 10:1 in the spine.3 Even after complete removal, meningiomas have been estimated to recur in 10 to 32% of the cases within 10 years. However, recurrences in grade 1 meningiomas are rare and occur after long duration.4 We herein report a case of grade 1 meningioma that recurs very fast, within the duration of 1 yr and the recurrent size of the tumor was approx three times the size of the primary one. To our knowledge, very few cases in the literature have been reported with such a fast-growing grade 1 meningioma.
A giant occipital encephalocele
Authors: Al-Zekri M. , Aichaoui F. , Khelifa A. , Morsli A.
Published: April 2020

Occipital encephalocele is a rare congenital anomaly that is characterized by herniation of brain tissue through a defect in the skull. Because of their enormous size, they pose a surgical challenge. Occipital encephalocele is the commonest of all encephalocele; the management of encephalocele defects requires immediate surgical closure. The author reports a case of a five months old female baby who presented a progressively increasing swelling over the occipital region. This swelling was present since birth. Surgery was planned to reduce the size of the swelling as well as its contents. The sac was excised and reduced sufficiently enough to accommodate the healthy-looking brain tissue. This infant did well postoperatively.
Early diagnosis and management of traumatic dura tear with brachial plexus injury without spinal lesions in childhood
Authors: Khelifa A. , Berchiche L. , Assoumane I. , Al-Zekri M. , Yakoubi B. , Morsli A.
Published: April 2020

Although the dura is a thick membrane, it could be severed in spine surgery and less frequently by a traumatism (7,8,10); in this case, it is usually accompanied with bone or ligamentous injury (2). Rare cases are reported of a traumatic dura tear without spinal lesion and would suspect in the first place a brachial plexus injury (2,8). Dura tears are rarely seen in childhood (3). We report a case of early diagnosis of dura tear in brachial plexus injury without bone or ligamentous lesions on a child of 4 years old and we discuss the diagnostic and treatment modalities.
Glioblastoma of septum pellucidum
Authors: Misra Rajneesh , Kumar Sushil , Kumar Kundan
Published: April 2020

A rare case of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) of septum pellucidum is being reported. There were symptoms of altered behaviour, memory and changes in sensorium. The MRI was suggestive of a tumour arising from the septum pellucidum. Glioblastomas arising from septum pellucidum are rare. While even a partial endoscopic excision of the more common pathology viz. colloid cyst is acceptable, only, a safe maximal excision of a highly malignant pathology like glioblastoma is an acceptable goal in order to give any benefit of surgical exploration to the patient.
Efficacy of c-arm scopy-guided erector spinae plane block (ESPB) in postoperative pain control and reduction of opioid side effects in spinal instrumentation surgery
Authors: Karatas Yasar , Keskin Fatih , Erdi Mehmet Fatih , Kaya Bulent , Kosemen Ibrahim , Kenan Mehmet , Kalkan1 Erdal
Published: April 2020

Background: Spinal instrumentation surgery causes significant pain in patients. As a result, patients are exposed to excessive opioid use and the associated side effects, as well as prolonged hospital stay, resulting in economic burden. Local anaesthetics can help both reduce postoperative pain and minimize the side effects associated with systemically administered opioid analgesics.

Objective: The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the effect of erector spinae plane block on analgesia in spinal instrumentation surgery and to reduce the side effects of excessive opioid use.

Materials and Methods: We reported a retrospective study. Thirty patients, who underwent spinal instrumentation surgery from 2017 to 2018, were chosen from the hospital records. We performed spinal instrumentation and decompression by laminectomy to all patients under general anaesthesia. While 15 of these patients underwent erector spinae plane block, these patients received patient-controlled analgesia postoperative period. The other 15 patients received only patient-controlled analgesia postoperative period. We analyzed patients' data for differences in preoperative and postoperative visual analogue scores, nausea vomiting scores, constipation life quality scale, patient-controlled analgesia shot count and mean opioid consumption of patients.

Results: The data of 30 patients undergoing lumbar spinal instrumentation surgery were retrospectively analyzed. There was no significant difference in the age, preoperative VAS, preoperative ODI and sex between the two groups (p?0,05). In addition, there were statistically significant differences in postoperative VAS, postoperative ODI, Nausea Vomiting Score, Constipation Life Quality Score (CLQS), petidin consumption and PCA shot count (p <0.05). In all variables with significant differences, the values ??in the block group were lower than the non-block group.

Conclusion: ESPB provides effective analgesia and reduces side effects due to excessive opioid usage.
The role of strict patient-positioning during nursing in the management of intracerebral migration of gravitational bullet injury
Authors: Aldelfi Samir H. , Alsaadi Salima B. , AbdulAzeez Mohammed Maan , Musarhad Mukarram N. , Khudhair Mohammed D. , Hoz Samer S.
Published: April 2020

The intracranial migration of bullet was described in literature since Cushing time and the First World War [1]. The literature is still away from delivering a clear guideline and constitutes more of case reports rather than comprehensive well-designed studies [2-13], this mostly due to the variability and diversity in the presentation and management of such cases. The migration of bullet can be a sequel of any type of penetrating injury to the skull [14]. Intracranial migration after gravitational (falling) bullet injury is a unique type of injury that constitutes of significant human and material losses with differences in biomechanics and structural brain changes after the insult especially regarding the velocity of impact and the degree of yaw for the intracranially settled bullet [15]. The gravitational bullets injuries are considered by the international disease classification system as celebratory firing, that is quite common and is part of the traditional happy (marriage) or funeral event in the middle east in general and in rural areas of Iraq in particular, and also reported in some areas around the world (South America, North Africa, and middle of Asia) [15,16].
Clinical spectrum of paediatric head injury. A prospective study from tribal region
Authors: Lodha Krishna Govind , Gupta Tarun Kumar , Jaiswal Gaurav , Singh Yogendra
Published: April 2020

Introduction: Traumatic brain injury is considered as a major health problem which causes frequent deaths and disabilities in the paediatric population with special concern to tribal regions of developing countries like India where aetiology of traumatic brain injury in the paediatric population fall from height dominant over the road traffic accident as a major.

Aim & Objective: The aim is to analyse the epidemiology, mechanism, clinical presentation, severity and outcome of paediatric head injury in the tribal region of northern India that could help to make preventive policies to improve their care.

Material Methods: It is a prospective observational study of 345 children of up to 18 years of age admitted under Department of Neurosurgery from October 2017 to April 2019.

Results: The study population comprised of 345 paediatric patients. Mean age was 9.25 years.36.81% patients were in 1-6-year age group and male to female ratio was 2.45. The most common cause for trauma was fall from height in 179(52%) cases followed by RTA in 141(41%) cases. The most common radiological finding was depressed skull fractures in 97(50%) cases. There was 35% mortality in severe head injury patients.

Conclusion: This study through some light on the different scenario of head injury in Tribal regions of Developing country and will help to formulate effective strategies for prevention and better care of the patients.
Resection of giant invasive thoracic schwannoma
Authors: Khelifa A. , Aichaoui F. , Assoumane I. , Al-Zekri M. , Bennafaa T. , Morsli A.
Published: April 2020

Even though spinal nerve sheath tumours, presented especially by schwannomas, are considered to be mostly benign; they can gain a huge size and have an invasive behaviour, causing spinal cord compression, bone destruction, and make the total removal of the tumour a real challenge for the surgeon. This type of tumours is recently described as giant invasive spinal schwannoma (GISS), this type rarely reported in the thoracic region; deserve a special studying vis-a-vis the diagnosis and the management of both the tumour and the bone destruction.
The tumour volume influence on tumour recurrence and progression-free survival in the case of atypical meningiomas
Authors: Cucu A. I. , Costea Claudia Florida , Turliuc Mihaela Dana , Dascalu Cristina Gena , Jitaru Ioana , Dinu R. , Dumitrescu Gabriela , Sava Anca , Dobrovat B. , Bogdanici Camelia , Andrei T. , Stirban I. , Poeata I.
Published: April 2020

Objective: The objective of our study was to evaluate a possible relation between the volume of atypical meningiomas (AMs) and the risk of tumour recurrence, as well as progression-free survival (PFS).

Material and methods: We evaluated 81 patients diagnosed with AMs (WHO grade II meningioma) who have undergone surgery at the "Prof. Dr. N. Oblu" Emergency Clinical Hospital Iasi between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2019. The recorded data were demographic and imagistic (MRI, contrast-enhanced T1WI). We calculated the tumour volume prior to the surgery and evaluated the tumour recurrence using MRI at 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 months after the surgery.

Results: 50.6% of patients had meningioma volume < 26.4 cm3. Women had larger tumour volumes than men (52.6%). Patients of age ? 60 years old, had tumour volumes ? 26.4 cm3 in 58.5% of cases and meningiomas with volumes ? 26.4 cm3 recurred earlier (p=0.010). Also, patients who had tumour volumes ? 26.4 cm3, had a shorter PFS (40.976 months), compared to patients with tumour volumes < 26.4 cm3, who had better PFS (53.4 months).

Conclusions: the tumour volume of AMs ? 26.4 cm3 represents a negative prognostic factor for both early tumour recurrence and reduced PFS.
ACUMULACIÓN DE NUTRIENTES EN Stevia Rebaudiana (Bertoni)
Authors: Pérez Chamorro Olga B. , Calvache Marcelo
Published: April 2020

Este estudio tuvo como finalidad determinar la acumulación total de macronutrientes en el cultivo de Stevia y la época de máxima absorción de nutrientes con fines de fertilización, para aumentar la sostenibilidad económica de medianos productores de la zona de Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas. Fue una investigación experimental en Universidad Tecnológica Equinoccial, se usaron métodos como el de Kjeldhal y el P, K, Ca2 +, Mg2 +,S con el método de digestión húmeda con los ácidos nítrico y perclórico. Para finalizar Es importante tratar de fertilizar el cultivo de Stevia lo más fraccionado posible con los nutriente N, P, K y Mg, un tercio a la siembra, los 30 días y a los 50 días para cubrir la mayor demanda a los 60 y 90 días de edad.
Absorción de nitrógeno y rendimiento de maíz híbrido INIAP H- 824 “Lojanito” bajo diferentes densidades y distanciamientos de siembra en la zona de Quevedo
Authors: Vele Silvio , Carrillo Manuel , Mite Francisco
Published: April 2020

El propósito de este artículo es dar a conocer la absorción de Nitrógeno y el rendimiento sometido a diferentes densidades y distanciamientos del híbrido INIAP “Lojanito”. La investigación se desarrolló en los predios de la EETP del INIAP, en un suelo de origen volcánico, con altitud de 75 m.s.n.m., con clima tropical húmedo, temperatura promedio de 25°C, precipitación pluvial promedio anual de 2252 mm, heliofonía de 919.75 horas luz, en un suelo de textura Franco Arcilloso con pH de 5.4 a 5.7. Para puntualizar se tiene que el N se utiliza ampliamente para incrementar la producción agrícola sin poner en peligro el medioambiente y la utilidad de conocer la extracción de este nutriente por las plantas, radica en la necesidad de reponer al suelo, la cantidad absorbido por las cosechas.
Efecto de la aplicación de diferentes niveles de abono nitrogenado en el cultivo de pimiento (Capsicum annuum) VAR: Yolo Wonder
Authors: Tomita Kentaro
Published: April 2020

En la Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Pilar-Paraguay, se ha realizado una investigación sobre el rendimiento del pimiento“Capsicum annuum” Variedad “Yolo Wonder”; en suelo Entisol (Típico, Psammaquent), con el fin de obtener el máximo rendimiento y estimar la aplicación nitrogenada. Para lograr dicho objetivo se planificó el diseño experimental en bloques al azar, con 5 tratamientos tales como; 0, 50, 100, 150 y 200 Kg de Nitrógeno fraccionadas en tres aplicaciones; aplicadas al momento del trasplante, a los 30,60 días después del trasplante y 4 repeticiones mediante el cual se pudo observar el comportamiento de los niveles aplicados en el estudio, totalizando 20 parcelas. La siembra del pimiento en el lugar definitivo se realizó en hileras a una distancia de 60cm entre hileras y 40cm entre plantas. La aplicación nitrogenada fue realizada al voleo. De los resultados de análisis de varianza, se observó que hubo diferencia significativa al 1% en los tratamientos aplicados al cultivo de pimiento en cuanto al número de frutos se refiere, como también al diámetro y el rendimiento de las frutas. En el escenario vegetativo se pudo observar también un alto contenido de Nitrógeno absorbido por la planta, aumentando el nivel de nitrogenado absorbido cuanto mayor fue la aplicación nitrogenada al mismo. Se observó un alto beneficio neto para productores en el tratamiento de 150kgN/ha sobre estimación económica.
Farsça Kaynaklı Bir Atasözünün Divan Şiirindeki Görünümleri Üzerine: Kadr-i Zer Zerger-Şinâsed Kadr-i Gevher Gevherî
Authors: YILMAZ Kadri H.
Published: April 2020

Toplumların inançları ve davranış biçimlerini aktarma aracı olarak kabul edilen atasözlerinde, ortaya çıktığı halkın geçirdiği tecrübeler ile bu tecrübeler sonucunda oluşmuş olan değer, düşünce, kanaat, yaklaşım ve geleneklerin izleri bulunur. Toplumların sosyal hayatları ve tecrübelerinin edebiyatlarına yansıması kaçınılmaz bir gerçek olduğuna göre atasözleri ve deyimlerin de edebî ürünlerde yer alması olağan bir durumdur. Soyut düşüncelerin atasözleri vasıtasıyla somut bir kalıba evrilmesi, anlatılmak istenen duygunun atasözleriyle pekiştirilmesi, edebî sanatların da yardımıyla vezinli ve kafiyeli bir söylemle şiirde karşımıza çıkar. Divan şairlerinin de özellikle Necâtî’den sonra her dönemde şiirlerinde atasözleri ve deyimlere yer verdikleri görülür. Bu çalışmada, “Altının kıymetini kuyumcu, cevherin kıymetini mücevherci bilir” anlamına gelen “Kadr-i zer zerger-şinâsed kadr-i gevher gevherî” atasözünün şairlerce nasıl kullanıldığı incelenmeye çalışılacaktır. Atasözünün bulunduğu örnekler, divanlar, mesneviler, tarihî eserler, biyografik kaynaklar olmak üzere çok sayıda eser taranarak tespit edilmiştir. Söz konusu atasözünün lafzen aynı şekilde bulunduğu beyitlerin yanında, atasözünün bir bölümünün yer aldığı ya da atasözünü telmih eden örnekler de çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Özünde, bir varlığın kıymetinin ancak o işin ehli tarafından hakkıyla bilinebileceği anlamı yatan atasözünün, örnek beyitlerde; sevgilinin kıymetinin ancak aşktan anlayan, gerçek âşıklar tarafından bilineceği, şairin şiirinin değerinin ancak nükteden, şiirin inceliklerinden anlayan bu konuda ehil kişilerce bilineceği, kişinin insanî kıymetinin ancak onu hakkıyla tanıyanlar tarafından bilineceği şeklinde işlendiği görülmektedir.
Divan Şiirinde “Cân-fezâ” Tabiri Üzerine
Authors: KILIÇARSLAN Orhan
Published: April 2020

Şairlerin dil malzemesinin bütün anlam ilgilerinden derinlemesine yararlandığı klasik şiirde her tabirin, ibarenin farklı kullanımlarının ortaya konulması, metinlerin ve bu metinlerin yazıldığı dilin zenginliğini göstermesi bakımından önemlidir. Klasik şiirde şairlerin bir düzen içerisinde kurdukları beyitlerde bir tabirin yalnızca sözlüklerde kayıtlı olan ilk anlamları ile yorumlanması, yerleşik anlamın baskın bir karakterde olmasını ve diğer metinlerde de benzer biçimde ele alınmasına sebep olmuştur. Klasik edebiyatın başlangıç ve klasikleşme öncesi dönemleri birlikte düşünüldüğünde coğrafi ve kültürel anlamda ilişki içinde bulunduğu diğer dillerle etkileşimi yoğundur ve bu etkileşim incelendiğinde bahsedilen yaklaşımlar sınırlı bir yorum alanında hareket edildiğini göstermektedir. Bu makalede klasik Türk şiirinde sevgiliye ait özelliklerin sıfatı görevinde ve taşıdığı anlam açısından tarihlerde sıkça kullanılan “cân-fezâ” tabirinin tespit edilen örneklerde “âb-ı hayât” karşılığında da kullanımına ilişkin tespitler yapılmış ve bu anlamıyla da metinlerde işlendiği gösterilmeye çalışılmıştır.
Tokadîzâde Şekip Bey'in Derviş Sözleri Adlı Eseri
Authors: KARAHAN Tolga
Published: April 2020

Meşrutiyet ve Cumhuriyet dönemi sanatçısı olan Tokadîzâde Şekib Bey(1871-1932) İzmir’de yaşamış olmasına rağmen bugüne kadar adından pek söz edilmemiş ve hemen hemen üzerinde hiç çalışılmamış bir isimdir. Ancak hakkında biraz bilgi sahibi olmak isteyenler Tokadizade Şekip Bey’in özellikle 1920’li yıllardan sonra edebiyat çevrelerince iyice benimsendiğini ve çeşitli dergilerde şiirler - makaleler yayımladığını görür. Yine kendisinin etkin olduğu yıllarda (1924) yayımlamış olduğu pek çok eser gibi tasavvufî içerikli olan Derviş Sözleri’nin de Latin harflerine aktarılmadığını ve üzerine yeterli araştırmanın yapılmadığını gördük. Bu sebeplerden ötürü bu yazımızda hem bu eser Latin harflerine aktarılacak hem de Tokadîzâde Şekib Bey’in edebi kişiliği hakkında kısa bilgiler verilecektir.
Poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(ε-caprolactone)-based micelles for solubilization and tumor-targeted delivery of silibinin
Authors: Hassankhani Rad Ashkan , Asiaee Farshid , Jafari Sevda , Shayanfar Ali , Lavasanifar Afsaneh , Molavi Ommoleila
Published: April 2020

Introduction:
Silibinin is a naturally occurring compound with known positive impacts on prevention and treatment of many types of human illnesses in general and cancer in particular. Silibinin is poorly water soluble which results in its insufficient bioavailability and lack of therapeutic efficacy in cancer. Here, we proposed to examine the potential of micelles composed of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as the hydrophilic block and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), poly(α-benzylcarboxylate-ε-caprolactone) (PBCL), or poly(lactide)-(PBCL) (PLA-PBCL) as hydrophobic blocks for enhancing the water solubility of silibinin and its targeted delivery to tumor. Methods: Co-solvent evaporation method was used to incorporate silibinin into PEG-PCL based micelles. Drug release profiles were assessed using dialysis bag method. MTT assay also was used to analyze functional activity of drug delivery in B16 melanoma cells. Results: Silibinin encapsulated micelles were shown to be less than 60 nm in size. Among different structures under study, the one with PEG-PBCL could incorporate silibinin with the highest encapsulation efficiency being 95.5%, on average. PEG-PBCL micelles could solubilize 1 mg silibinin in 1 mL water while the soluble amount of silibinin was found to be 0.092 mg/mL in the absence of polymeric micelles. PEG-PBCL micelles provided the sustained release of silibinin indicated with less than 30% release of silibinin within 24 hours. Silibinin encapsulated in PEG-PBCL micelles resulted in growth inhibitory effect in B16 cancer cells which was significantly higher than what observed with free drug. Conclusion: Our findings showed that PEG-PBCL micellar nanocarriers can be a useful vehicle for solubilization and targeted delivery of silibinin.
Conditions for combining gene therapy with bone marrow transplantation in murine Krabbe disease
Authors: Rafi Mohammad A. , Luzi Paola , Wenger David A.
Published: April 2020

Introduction:Krabbe disease (KD) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal disorder caused by mutations in the galactocerebrosidase (GALC) gene. This results in defective myelination in the peripheral and central nervous systems due to low GALC activity. Treatment at this time is limited to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in pre-symptomatic individuals. While this treatment extends the lives of treated individuals, most have difficulty walking by the end of the first decade due to peripheral neuropathy. Studies in the murine model of KD, twitcher (twi) combining bone marrow transplantation (BMT) with AAVrh10-mGALC showed a great extension of life from 40 days to about 400 days, with some living a full life time.Methods:In order to find the optimum conditions for dosing and timing of this combined treatment, twi mice were injected with five doses of AAVrh10-mGALC at different times after BMT. Survival, as well as GALC expression were monitored along with studies of sciatic nerve myelination and possible liver pathology.Results:Dosing had a pronounced effect on survival and measured GALC activity. There was window of time after BMT to inject the viral vector and see similar results, however delaying both the BMT and the viral injection shortened the lifespans of the treated mice. Lowering the viral dose too much decreased the correction of the sciatic nerve myelination. There was no evidence for hepatic neoplasia.Conclusion:These studies provide the conditions optimum for successfully treating the murine model of KD. There is some flexibility in dosing and timing to obtain a satisfactory outcome. These studies are critical to the planning of a human trial combining the "standard of care", HSCT, with a single iv injection of AAVrh10-GALC.
Proteomic profiling of Serratia marcescens by high-resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Gangadharappa Bhavya Somalapura , Rajashekarappa Sharath , Sathe Gajanan
Published: April 2020

Introduction:

Serratia marcescens, an opportunistic human pathogen, is reported as an important cause of nosocomial infection and outbreaks. Although the genome of S. marcescens (ATCC 13880) was completely sequenced by 2014, there are no studies on the proteomic profile of the organism. The objective of the present study is to analyze the protein profile of S. marcescens (ATCC 13880) using a high resolution mass spectrometry (MS). Methods: Serratia marcescens ATCC 13880 strain was grown in Luria-Bertani broth and the protein extracted was subjected to trypsin digestion, followed by basic reverse phase liquid chromatography fractionation. The peptide fractions were then analysed using Orbitrap Fusion Mass Spectrometry and the raw MS data were processed in Proteome Discoverer software. Results: The proteomic analysis identified 15 009 unique peptides mapping to 2541 unique protein groups, which corresponds to approximately 54% of the computationally predicted protein-coding genes. Bioinformatic analysis of these identified proteins showed their involvement in biological processes such as cell wall organization, chaperone-mediated protein folding and ATP binding. Pathway analysis revealed that some of these proteins are associated with bacterial chemotaxis and beta-lactam resistance pathway. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first high-throughput proteomics study of S. marcescens (ATCC 13880). These novel observations provide a crucial baseline molecular profile of the S. marcescens proteome which will prove to be helpful for the future research in understanding the host-pathogen interactions during infection, elucidating the mechanism of multidrug resistance, and developing novel diagnostic markers or vaccine for the disease.
Cultivation of Chlorella pyrenoidosa as a raw material for the production of biofuels in palm oil mill effluent medium with the addition of urea and triple super phosphate
Authors: Elystia Shinta , Muria Sri Rezeki , Erlangga Herta Furaida
Published: April 2020

Background: The utilization of microalgae as a renewable energy is an important aspect in solving shortage of future oil reserve in 15 years. One of the renewable energy sources is microalgae biodiesel. Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is a wastewater that has a high content of organic materials. These organic materials can be used as growth nutrients for microalgae. Chlorella pyrenoidosa is one of the most potential microalgae used as a raw material for the production of biodiesel since it contains lipids (8%-35%). Methods: Chlorella pyrenoidosa was cultured on the POME medium with concentrations of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%v with addition of synthetic nutrients (urea: TSP) at the ratios of 2:1 ; 1:2 ; 0.5:1 in a 500 mL Erlenmeyer flask, at pH 6-8, aeration using aquarium pumps, and using LED lights (3000 lux). Results: It was revealed that at POME concentration of 25% and with addition of urea: TSP at a ratio of 2:1, the optimum specific growth rate (0.306/day) with the highest number of cells was 3.530 × 107 cells/mL and the highest lipid content was 36% of its dry weight. The removal efficiency of POME could be obtained from the removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen, and orthophosphate (P-PO4 ), which was 70, 90.42, and 81.12%, respectively. Conclusion: According to the results, under appropriate culture conditions, C. pyrenoidosa can produce lipids with good use of nutrients contained in the POME medium.