bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multivariate Analysis of MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Aerosol Retrievals and the Statistical Hurricane Intensity Prediction Scheme (SHIPS) Parameters for Atlantic Hurricanes
Authors: Kamal Mohammed M. , Yang Ruixin , Qu John J.
Published: September 2012

MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aerosol retrievals over the North Atlantic spanning seven hurricane seasons are combined with the Statistical Hurricane Intensity Prediction Scheme (SHIPS) parameters. The difference between the current and future intensity changes were selected as response variables. For 24 major hurricanes (category 3, 4 and 5) between 2003 and 2009, eight lead time response variables were determined to be between 6 and 48 h. By combining MODIS and SHIPS data, 56 variables were compiled and selected as predictors for this study. Variable reduction from 56 to 31 was performed in two steps; the first step was via correlation coefficients (cc) followed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) extraction techniques. The PCA reduced 31 variables to 20. Five categories were established based on the PCA group variables exhibiting similar physical phenomena. Average aerosol retrievals from MODIS Level 2 data in the vicinity of UTC 1,200 and 1,800 h were mapped to the SHIPS parameters to perform Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) between each response variable against six sets of predictors of 31, 30, 28, 27, 23 and 20 variables. The deviation among the predictors Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) varied between 0.01 through 0.05 and, therefore, implied that reducing the number of variables did not change the core physical information. Even when the parameters are reduced from 56 to 20, the correlation values exhibit a stronger relationship between the response and predictors. Therefore, the same phenomena can be explained by the reduction of variables.
Long Baseline Stereovision for Automatic Detection and Ranging of Moving Objects in the Night Sky
Authors: Danescu Radu , Oniga Florin , Turcu Vlad , Cristea Octavian
Published: September 2012

As the number of objects in Earth’s atmosphere and in low Earth orbit is continuously increasing; accurate surveillance of these objects has become important. This paper presents a generic, low cost sky surveillance system based on stereovision. Two cameras are placed 37 km apart and synchronized by a GPS-controlled external signal. The intrinsic camera parameters are calibrated before setup in the observation position, the translation vectors are determined from the GPS coordinates and the rotation matrices are continuously estimated using an original automatic calibration methodology based on following known stars. The moving objects in the sky are recognized as line segments in the long exposure images, using an automatic detection and classification algorithm based on image processing. The stereo correspondence is based on the epipolar geometry and is performed automatically using the image detection results. The resulting experimental system is able to automatically detect moving objects such as planes, meteors and Low Earth Orbit satellites, and measure their 3D position in an Earth-bound coordinate system.
miRNA Profiles of Monocyte-Lineage Cells Are Consistent with Complicated Roles in HIV-1 Restriction
Authors: Sisk Jeanne M. , Clements Janice E. , Witwer Kenneth W.
Published: September 2012

Long-lived HIV-1 reservoirs include tissue macrophages. Monocyte-derived macrophages are more susceptible to infection and more permissive to HIV-1 replication than monocytes for reasons that may include the effects of different populations of miRNAs in these two cell classes. Specifically, miRs-28-3p, -150, -223, -198, and -382 exert direct or indirect negative effects on HIV-1 and are reportedly downmodulated during monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation. Here, new experimental results are presented along with reviews and analysis of published studies and publicly available datasets, supporting a broader role of miRNAs in HIV-1 restriction than would be suggested by a simple and uniform downregulation of anti-HIV miRNAs during monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation. Although miR-223 is downregulated in macrophages, other putatively antiviral miRNAs are more abundant in macrophages than in monocytes or are rare and/or variably present in both cell classes. Our analyses point to the need for further studies to determine miRNA profiles of monocytes and macrophages, including classic and newly identified subpopulations; examine the sensitivity of miRNA profiling to cell isolation and differentiation protocols; and characterize rigorously the antiviral effects of previously reported and novel predicted miRNA-HIV-1 interactions in cell-specific contexts.
Pain Management in Children: Part 1 — Pain Assessment Tools and a Brief Review of Nonpharmacological and Pharmacological Treatment Options
Authors: Wong Cecile , Lau Elaine , Palozzi Lori , Campbell Fiona
Published: September 2012

If pain is not treated quickly and effectively in children, it can cause long-term physical and psychological sequelae. Therefore, it is important for all health care providers to understand the importance of effective pain control in children. This article is divided into 2 parts: Part 1 reviews the pharmacotherapy of pain management in children and Part 2 will review the problems relating to the use of codeine in children, and the rationale for recommending morphine as the opioid of choice in the treatment of moderate to severe pain. There has been growing concern about codeine's lack of efficacy and increased safety concerns in its use in children. Due to the variability of codeine metabolism and unpredictable effects on efficacy and safety, The Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, Ontario, no longer includes codeine or codeine-containing products on the regular hospital formulary and now recommends oral morphine as the agent of choice for the treatment of moderate to severe pain in children. A knowledge translation (KT) strategy was developed and implemented by the hospital's Pain Task Force to support this practice change. Can Pharm J 2012;145:222–225.
Redesigning a Graduate Research Course for Evidence-Based Competencies
Authors: Boyd Mary R. , Baliko Beverly , Herman JoAnne , Polyakova-Norwood Vera
Published: September 2012

Nursing research is critical to establish the science for the discipline and to provide a foundation for evidence-based practice. All nurses need to understand the research process and engage in research at the level for which they were prepared. The American Association of Colleges of Nursing has clearly outlined essential learning outcomes for each level of nursing education, including the competent application of research findings to clinical problems. This article describes the evolution of a graduate-level research course to provide master’s level students with a sound foundational understanding of the research process, the innovation undertaken to address identified learning needs, and the important lessons learned.
The Technology Demonstration of the Third Generation JPL Electronic Nose on the International Space Station
Authors: Shevade Abhijit V. , Homer Margie L. , Kisor Adam K. , Yen Shiao-Ping S. , Lara Liana M. , Zhou Hanying , Manatt Kenneth S. , Gluck Scott , Ryan Margaret A.
Published: September 2012

This chapter describes the development, operation, and experimental results of the Third Generation JPL Electronic Nose (ENose), which operated on board the International Space Station (ISS) as a technology demonstration for seven months from 2008-2009. The JPL ENose is an array of chemiresistive sensors designed to monitor the environment for the sudden release of targeted chemical species, such as leaks or spills. The Third Generation JPL ENose was designed to detect, identify, and quantify eleven chemical species, three inorganic, ammonia, mercury, and sulfur dioxide, and eight organic compounds, which represent common classes of organic compounds such as alcohols, aromatics, and halocarbons. Chemical species were quantified at or below their 24 hour Spacecraft Maximum Allowable Concentrations (SMAC), generally in the parts-per-million range; some targeted species were detected in the parts-per-billion range. Analysis of third generation JPL ENose monitoring data on ISS show the short term presence of low concentrations of alcohols, octafluoropropane, and formaldehyde as well as frequent short term unknown events. Repeated unknown events were identified post-flight as sulfur hexafluoride.
Exploring the e-Supply Chain of Information Products
Authors: Saadé Raafat George
Published: September 2012

Digital information product producers have not taken advantage of the e-supply chain paradigm of today. However, in this information-based sector, a different set of supply chain management challenges exist. Very little research has been done in the supply chain of information products. This study focuses on the process analysis of the supply chain paradigm for digital information products. A framework for digital information products production in e-learning is proposed followed by an example of its implementation. Benefits, barriers, and challenges faced by different stakeholders are discussed.
A Survey-Based Study on ICT Adoption in the Third-Party Logistics Industry
Authors: Lau Kwok Hung , Huang Haibo
Published: September 2012

Information and communication technology (ICT) is an important tool to enhance efficiency and responsiveness in modern-day supply chains. Owing to fierce market competition and rapidly changing business environment, organizations are forced to focus on their core competency and outsource their logistics function to third-party logistics (3PL) firms. In order to work hand-in-hand with customers to meet their day-to-day logistics needs, 3PL companies have to make use of ICT for efficient communication with clients and coordination of activities. Through analyzing the survey results of the Annual Third-Party Logistics Studies from 2007 to 2009, this study looks into ICT utilization in the 3PL industry from a global perspective. To supplement the findings, a questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the current status of ICT adoption by 3PL firms in China. As a global manufacturing base, China has a burgeoning 3PL industry serving a large number of domestic firms as well as multinational corporations, and is considered a representative developing country for investigation in the subject area.
Business Cost Budgets
Authors: Kieninger Axel , Satzger Gerhard , Straeten Detlef , Schmitz Björn , Baltadzhiev Dian
Published: September 2012

In this work the authors address an IT service customer’s challenge of selecting the cost-optimal service level agreement among different options offered by an external provider. They model the customer’s optimization problem at distinctive levels of detail with regard to the description of service quality aspects. At each level of detail they explicitly consider the potential negative monetary impact of different service quality levels on a customer’s business process – reflected via the concept of “business cost.” First, they analyze which information a customer typically bases service level agreement decisions upon today and elaborate on the question which additional information a rational customer would need to take a well-founded decision. Second, the authors define a set of concepts that a customer should consider when selecting service level agreements. Third, the authors apply these concepts to develop a “business cost budget method” that enables a customer to compare multiple service level agreements and to select the cost-optimal solution of its optimization problem – assuming customer and provider to collaborate. Introducing this approach, they suggest that both parties jointly define “business cost budgets” as an additional kind of service indicator describing service quality’s adverse business impact instead of only service quality.
Negative Double Stranded DNA and Anti-Smith Antibodies in Lupus Nephritis
Authors: Sandhu Gagangeet , Bansal Anip , Ranade Aditi , Aggarwal Ritu , Narayanswami Gopal , Jones James , Smith Steven D.
Published: September 2012

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease in which auto-antibodies are generated against a variety of intracellular antigens. Anti-Smith (Sm) and anti-double stranded DNA (dsDNA) antibodies in particular are considered to be nephritogenic and their role and correlation with lupus nephritis (LN) has been well established. We present here a case in which the patient had diffuse proliferative full house severe LN, yet negative ds-DNA and anti-Sm antibodies. Although extremely rare, a few subsets of patients with drug-induced LN (hydralazine) have been described in the literature to have negative dsDNA and anti-Sm antibodies on serological screening. Our patient, however, had no evidence of drug induced LN. On further review, and similar to our case, we found only 6 additional well documented cases of non-drug induced severe LN with negative dsDNA antibodies.
Role of stem cells in the management of chronic wounds
Authors: Sharma Ramesh Kumar , John Jerry R.
Published: September 2012

Chronic wounds continue to be a major challenge for the medical profession, and plastic surgeons are frequently called in to help in the management of such wounds. Apart from the obvious morbidity to the patient, these problem wounds can be a major drain on the already scarce hospital resources. Sometimes, these chronic wounds can be more taxing than the underlying disease itself. Although many newer methods are available to handle such situations, the role of stem cells in the management of such wounds is an exciting area that needs to be explored further. A review of literature has been done regarding the role of stem cells in the management of chronic wounds. The abnormal pathology in such wounds is discussed and the possible role of stem cells for optimal healing in such cases would be detailed.
Hyperbaric oxygen and wound healing
Authors: Bhutani Sourabh , Vishwanath Guruswamy
Published: September 2012

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is the use of 100% oxygen at pressures greater than atmospheric pressure. Today several approved applications and indications exist for HBOT. HBOT has been successfully used as adjunctive therapy for wound healing. Non-healing wounds such as diabetic and vascular insufficiency ulcers have been one major area of study for hyperbaric physicians where use of HBOT as an adjunct has been approved for use by way of various studies and trials. HBOT is also indicated for infected wounds like clostridial myonecrosis, necrotising soft tissue infections, Fournier′s gangrene, as also for traumatic wounds, crush injury, compartment syndrome, compromised skin grafts and flaps and thermal burns. Another major area of application of HBOT is radiation-induced wounds, specifically osteoradionecrosis of mandible, radiation cystitis and radiation proctitis. With the increase in availability of chambers across the country, and with increasing number of studies proving the benefits of adjunctive use for various kinds of wounds and other indications, HBOT should be considered in these situations as an essential part of the overall management strategy for the treating surgeon.
Reconstructive challenges in war wounds
Authors: Bhandari Prem Singh , Mukherjee Mrinal Kanti , Maurya Sanjay
Published: September 2012

War wounds are devastating with extensive soft tissue and osseous destruction and heavy contamination. War casualties generally reach the reconstructive surgery centre after a delayed period due to additional injuries to the vital organs. This delay in their transfer to a tertiary care centre is responsible for progressive deterioration in wound conditions. In the prevailing circumstances, a majority of war wounds undergo delayed reconstruction, after a series of debridements. In the recent military conflicts, hydrosurgery jet debridement and negative pressure wound therapy have been successfully used in the preparation of war wounds. In war injuries, due to a heavy casualty load, a faster and reliable method of reconstruction is aimed at. Pedicle flaps in extremities provide rapid and reliable cover in extremity wounds. Large complex defects can be reconstructed using microvascular free flaps in a single stage. This article highlights the peculiarities and the challenges encountered in the reconstruction of these ghastly wounds.
Wound care with traditional, complementary and alternative medicine
Authors: Dorai Ananda A.
Published: September 2012

Wound care is constantly evolving with the advances in medicine. Search for the ideal dressing material still continues as wound care professionals are faced with several challenges. Due to the emergence of multi-resistant organisms and a decrease in newer antibiotics, wound care professionals have revisited the ancient healing methods by using traditional and alternative medicine in wound management. People′s perception towards traditional medicine has also changed and is very encouraging. The concept of moist wound healing has been well accepted and traditional medicine has also incorporated this method to fasten the healing process. Several studies using herbal and traditional medicine from different continents have been documented in wound care management. Honey has been used extensively in wound care practice with excellent results. Recent scientific evidences and clinical trials conducted using traditional and alternative medicine in wound therapy holds good promise in the future.
Platelets in Pulmonary Vascular Physiology and Pathology
Authors: Kroll Michael H. , Kharghan Vahid Afshar
Published: September 2012

Almost a trillion platelets pass through the pulmonary circulation every minute, yet little is known about how they support pulmonary physiology or contribute to the pathogenesis of lung diseases. When considering this conundrum, three questions jump out: Does platelet production in the lungs occur? Why does severe thrombocytopenia—which undercuts the principal physiological role of platelets to effect hemostasis—not lead to pulmonary hemorrhage? Why does atherothrombosis—which platelets initiate, maintain, and trigger is other critically important arterial beds—not develop in the pulmonary artery? The purpose of this review is to explore these and derivative questions by providing data within a conceptual framework that begins to organize a subject that is largely unassembled.
Efficacy and Safety of Gadobutrol (1.0 M) versus Gadopentetate Dimeglumine (.5 M) for Enhanced Mri of Cns Lesions: A Phase Iii, Multicenter, Single-blind, Randomized Study in Chinese Patients
Authors: Liang Zonghui , Ma Lin , Wang Dehang , Huan Yi , Li Ping , Yu Jun , Yao Zhenwei , Chen Shuang , He Huijin , Feng Xiaoyuan , Breuer Josy
Published: September 2012

The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of macrocyclic gadobutrol (1.0 M) with linear gadopentetate dimeglumine (0.5 M) for contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of central nervous system (CNS) lesions in Chinese patients (N = 147) with known or suspected CNS lesions, who were enrolled in this single-blind, randomized, parallel-group study. Three blinded independent readers evaluated all efficacy variables. The primary efficacy variable was the difference between the two agents for the change in contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) between non-enhanced and contrast-enhanced scans of lesions. Secondary outcomes included mean change in number of lesions detected before and after contrast enhancement, diagnostic confidence, and safety and tolerability parameters. Gadobutrol was non-inferior to gadopentetate dimeglumine in respect to the difference in the mean change in CNR (6.94; 95% confidence interval [CI] lower limit: -3.90; predefined maximum 95% CI lower limit: -6.52). The mean change in the number of CNS lesions detected was greater with gadobutrol versus gadopentetate dimeglumine (1.2 vs. 0.2 lesions). Diagnostic confidence was classified as ‘high’ for more patients with gadobutrol versus gadopentetate dimeglumine by the investigators (58.8% vs. 55.4%) and by the three blinded readers (63.6% vs. 55.7%, 23.7% vs. 18.0% and 81.7% vs. 81.0%). Both agents were well tolerated by participating patients. We concluded that in Chinese patients with CNS lesions, gadobutrol (1.0 M) was as effective and well tolerated in contrast-enhanced MRI as gadopentetate dimeglumine (0.5 M). Gadobutrol provided improved visualization of CNS lesions compared with gadopentetate dimeglumine, with a comparable tolerability profile.
Occupational Therapy Predischarge Home Visits for Patients with a Stroke: What is National Practice?
Authors: Drummond Avril , Whitehead Phillip , Fellows Karen , Edwards Claire , Sprigg Nikola
Published: September 2012

Background:

Little is known about day-to-day procedures in conducting predischarge home visits in occupational therapy. The aim of this study was to identify current practice in relation to people with stroke.

Method:

A questionnaire was designed and piloted; 184 were posted to stroke units in England.

Results:

Responses were analysed from 85 stroke units from 10 regions. The main reason for conducting visits was to ‘assess or practise activities of daily living in the home environment’ (93%), closely followed by to ‘identify or address safety issues’ (92%). Wide variations exist in time spent on the actual visit (range 10–135 minutes), with a mean time of 63 minutes (SD 20.36), and a mean time of 61 minutes (SD 33.13) for writing a report. Visits were generally conducted by an occupational therapist, with an occupational therapy/physiotherapy assistant. The majority (95%) of therapists reported having a home visit bag and the most common item included was incontinence pads (83%).

Conclusion:

This research has provided valuable information on, and highlights the variation in, day-to-day predischarge home assessment visits for patients after stroke. The next step must be to use this knowledge to evaluate patient selection and to examine the costs and effectiveness of such visits.
Sustainable Global Wellbeing: A Proposed Expansion of the Occupational Therapy Paradigm
Authors: Whittaker Ben
Published: September 2012

Sustainable development has three mutually dependent pillars: economic development, social development and environmental protection. Climate change has been identified as the biggest global health threat this century, affecting all populations, and the National Health Service has committed to an 80% emissions cut by 2050. This opinion piece proposes that the paradigm guiding occupational therapy be expanded to incorporate a global perspective, thereby integrating exploration of sustainability issues. Sustainable global wellbeing acknowledges the interaction between individuals and the global ecosystem, gently reframing current occupational therapy interventions and supporting development of new community opportunities outside the health service. Health care that is more carbon efficient is generally also more financially efficient.
Selected topics on interactions between cirrus clouds and embedded contrails
Authors: Gierens K.
Published: September 2012

Abstract. Persistent contrails and natural cirrus clouds often coexist in the upper troposphere and contrails can be embedded within cirrus clouds. The present paper deals with some questions regarding the interaction of cirrus clouds and embedded contrails. I have selected only questions that can be answered by analytical means. I find that (1) the emission index for water vapour is only slightly changed when an aircraft crosses a cirrus cloud, (2) that contrail formation is not affected by an ambient cirrus, (3) that cirrus ice crystals entrained into the trailing wing tip vortex do not efficiently retard the sublimation of contrail ice crystals, and (4) that cirrus can start to dissolve an embedded contrail after a couple of hours by aggregation.
CLARA-SAL: a global 28-yr timeseries of Earth's black-sky surface albedo
Authors: Riihelä A. , Manninen T. , Laine V. , Andersson K. , Kaspar F.
Published: September 2012

Abstract. We present a novel 28-yr dataset of Earth's black-sky surface albedo, derived from AVHRR instruments. The dataset is created using algorithms to separately derive the surface albedo for different land use areas globally. Snow, sea ice, open water and vegetation are all treated independently. The product features corrections for the atmospheric effect in satellite-observed surface radiances, a BRDF correction for the anisotropic reflectance properties of natural surfaces, and a novel topography correction of geolocation and radiometric accuracy of surface reflectance observations over mountainous areas. The dataset is based on a homogenized AVHRR radiance timeseries. The product is validated against quality-controlled in situ observations of clear-sky surface albedo at various BSRN sites around the world. Snow and ice albedo retrieval validation is given particular attention using BSRN sites over Antarctica, Greenland Climate Network stations on the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS), as well as sea ice albedo data from the SHEBA and Tara expeditions. The product quality is found to be comparable to other previous long-term surface albedo datasets from AVHRR.
Atmospheric CO2, δ(O2/N2) and δ13CO2 measurements at Jungfraujoch, Switzerland: results from a flask sampling intercomparison program
Authors: van der Laan-Luijkx I. T. , van der Laan S. , Uglietti C. , Schibig M. F. , Neubert R. E. M. , Meijer H. A. J. , Brand W. A. , Jordan A. , Richter J. M. , Rothe M. , Leuenberger M. C.
Published: September 2012

Abstract. We present results from an intercomparison program of CO2, δ(O2/N2) and δ13CO2 measurements from atmospheric flask samples. Flask samples are collected on a bi-weekly basis at the High Altitude Research Station Jungfraujoch in Switzerland for three European laboratories: the University of Bern, Switzerland, the University of Groningen, the Netherlands and the Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry in Jena, Germany. Almost 4 yr of measurements of CO2, δ(O2/N2) and δ13CO2 are compared in this paper to assess the measurement compatibility of the three laboratories. While the average difference for the CO2 measurements between the laboratories in Bern and Jena meets the required compatibility goal as defined by the World Meteorological Organisation, the standard deviation of the average differences between all laboratories is not within the required goal. However, the obtained annual trend and seasonalities are the same within their estimated uncertainties. For δ(O2/N2) significant differences are observed between the three laboratories. The comparison for δ13CO2 yields the least compatible results and the required goals are not met between the three laboratories. Our study shows the importance of regular intercomparison exercises to identify potential biases between laboratories and the need to improve the quality of atmospheric measurements.
Ocean acidification shows negligible impacts on high-latitude bacterial community structure in coastal pelagic mesocosms
Authors: Roy A.-S. , Gibbons S. M. , Schunck H. , Owens S. , Caporaso J. G. , Sperling M. , Nissimov J. I. , Romac S. , Bittner L. , Riebesell U. , LaRoche J. , Gilbert J. A.
Published: September 2012

Abstract. The impact of ocean acidification and carbonation on microbial community structure was assessed during a large-scale in situ costal pelagic mesocosm study, included as part of the EPOCA 2010 Arctic campaign. The mesocosm experiment included ambient conditions (fjord) and nine mesocosms, with pCO2 range from ~145 to ~1420 μatm. Samples collected at nine time points (t-1, t1, t5, t7, t12, t14, t22, t26 to t28) in seven treatments (ambient fjord (~145), 2×~185, ~270, ~685, ~820, ~1050 μatm) were analysed for "free-living" and "particle associated" microbial community composition using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. This high-throughput sequencing analysis produced ~20 000 000 16S rRNA V4 reads, which comprised 7000 OTUs. The main variables structuring these communities were, sample origin (fjord or mesocosms) and the filter size fraction (free-living or particle associated). The community was significantly different between the fjord and both the control and elevated 2 mesocosms (which were not significant different) after nutrients were added to the mesocosms; suggesting that the addition of nutrients is the primary driver of the change in mesocosm community structure. The relative importance of each structuring variable depended greatly on the time at which the community was sampled in relation to the phytoplankton bloom. The size fraction was the second most important factor for community structure; separating free-living from particle-associated bacteria. When free-living and particle-associated bacteria were analysed separately at different time points, the only taxon pCO2 was found to significantly affect were the Gammaproteobacteria after nutrient addition. Finally, pCO2 treatment was found to be significantly correlated (non-linear) with 15 rare taxa, most of which increased in abundance with higher CO2.
MESMO 2: a mechanistic marine silica cycle and coupling to a simple terrestrial scheme
Authors: Matsumoto K. , Tokos K. S. , Huston A. , Joy-Warren H.
Published: September 2012

Abstract. Here we describe the second version of Minnesota Earth System Model for Ocean biogeochemistry (MESMO 2), an earth system model of intermediate complexity, which consists of a dynamical ocean, dynamic-thermodynamic sea ice, and energy moisture balanced atmosphere. The new version has more realistic land ice masks and is driven by seasonal winds. A major aim in version 2 is representing the marine silica cycle mechanistically in order to investigate climate-carbon feedbacks involving diatoms, a critically important class of phytoplankton in terms of carbon export production. This is achieved in part by including iron, on which phytoplankton uptake of silicic acid depends. Also, MESMO 2 is coupled to an existing terrestrial model, which allows for the exchange of carbon, water, and energy between land and the atmosphere. The coupled model, called MESMO 2E, is appropriate for more complete earth system simulations. The new version was calibrated with the goal of preserving reasonable interior ocean ventilation and various biological production rates in the ocean and land, while simulating key features of the marine silica cycle.
State updating of a distributed hydrological model with Ensemble Kalman Filtering: effects of updating frequency and observation network density on forecast accuracy
Authors: Rakovec O. , Weerts A. H. , Hazenberg P. , Torfs P. J. J. F. , Uijlenhoet R.
Published: September 2012

Abstract. This paper presents a study on the optimal setup for discharge assimilation within a spatially distributed hydrological model. The Ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) is employed to update the grid-based distributed states of such an hourly spatially distributed version of the HBV-96 model. By using a physically based model for the routing, the time delay and attenuation are modelled more realistically. The discharge and states at a given time step are assumed to be dependent on the previous time step only (Markov property). Synthetic and real world experiments are carried out for the Upper Ourthe (1600 km2), a relatively quickly responding catchment in the Belgian Ardennes. We assess the impact on the forecasted discharge of (1) various sets of the spatially distributed discharge gauges and (2) the filtering frequency. The results show that the hydrological forecast at the catchment outlet is improved by assimilating interior gauges. This augmentation of the observation vector improves the forecast more than increasing the updating frequency. In terms of the model states, the EnKF procedure is found to mainly change the pdfs of the two routing model storages, even when the uncertainty in the discharge simulations is smaller than the defined observation uncertainty.
Acid-base characteristics of the Grass Pond watershed in the Adirondack Mountains of New York State, USA: interactions between soil, vegetation and surface waters
Authors: McEathron K. M. , Mitchell M. J. , Zhang L.
Published: September 2012

Abstract. Grass Pond watershed is located within the Southwestern Adirondack Mountain region of New York State, USA. This region receives some of the highest rates of acidic deposition in North America and is particularly sensitive to acidic inputs due to many of its soils having shallow depths and being generally base-poor. Differences in soil chemistry and tree species between seven subwatersheds were examined in relation to acid-base characteristics of the seven major streams that drain into Grass Pond. Mineral soil pH, stream water BCS and pH exhibited a positive correlation with sugar maple basal area (p = 0.055; 0.48 and 0.39, respectively). Black cherry basal area was inversely correlated with stream water BCS, ANCc and NO3– (p = 0.23; 0.24 and 0.20, respectively). Sugar maple basal areas were positively correlated with watershed characteristics associated with the neutralization of atmospheric acidic inputs while in contrast, black cherry basal areas showed opposite relationships to these same watershed characteristics. Canonical Correspondence Analysis indicated that black cherry had a distinctive relationship with forest floor chemistry apart from the other tree species, specifically a strong positive association with forest floor NH4 while sugar maple had a distinctive relationship with stream chemistry variables, specifically a strong positive association with stream water ANCc, BCS and pH. Our results provide evidence that sugar maple is acid-intolerant or calciphilic tree species and also demonstrate that black cherry is likely an acid-tolerant tree species.
Seroprevalence of Fowl Pox Antibody in Indigenous Chickens in Jos North and South Council Areas of Plateau State, Nigeria: Implication for Vector Vaccine
Authors: Adebajo Meseko Clement , Ademola Shittu Ismail , Oluwaseun Akinyede
Published: September 2012

Fowl pox is a viral disease of domestic and wild birds. The large size of the genome makes it a useful vector for recombinant DNA technology. Although the disease has been described in both commercial and indigenous chickens in Nigeria, data are limited on seroprevalence in free range chickens. Such data are, however, important in the design and implementation of fowl pox virus vector vaccine. We surveyed current antibody status to fowl pox virus in free range chickens by testing 229 sera collected from 10 villages in Jos North and Jos South LGA of Plateau State Nigeria. Sera were analyzed by AGID against standard fowl pox antigen. Fifty-two of the 229 (23%) tested sera were positive for fowl pox virus antibody, and the log titre in all positive specimen was . Thirty (21%) and twenty-two (27%) of the samples from Jos South and Jos North, respectively, tested positive. This was, however, not statistically significant (). Generally the study showed a significant level of antibody to fowl pox virus in the study area. This observation may hinder effective use of fowl pox vectored viral vaccine. Fowl pox control is recommended to reduce natural burden of the disease.
Integument Mycobiota of Wild European Hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) from Catalonia, Spain
Authors: Molina-López R. A. , Adelantado C. , Arosemena E. L. , Obón E. , Darwich L. , Calvo M. A.
Published: September 2012

There are some reports about the risk of manipulating wild hedgehogs since they can be reservoirs of potential zoonotic agents like dermatophytes. The aim of this study was to describe the integument mycobiota, with special attention to dermatophytes of wild European hedgehogs. Samples from spines and fur were cultured separately in Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) with antibiotic and dermatophyte test medium (DTM) plates. Nineteen different fungal genera were isolated from 91 cultures of 102 hedgehogs. The most prevalent genera wereCladosporium(79.1%),Penicillium(74.7%),Alternaria(64.8%), andRhizopus(63.7%). A lower prevalence ofAspergillus(; ) andArthrinium(; ) was isolated during the spring time and higher frequencies ofFusarium(; ) during the autumn. The prevalence ofAcremoniumwas significantly higher in young animals (70%, 26/37) than in adults (30%, 11/37) (; ). Moreover, the majority of the saprophytic species that grew at the SDA culture were also detected at the DTM. Finally, no cases of ringworm were diagnosed and no dermatophytes spp. were isolated. Concluding, this study provides the first description of fungal mycobiota of the integument of wild European hedgehogs in Spain, showing a large number of saprophytic species and the absence of dermatophytes.
Exergy Assessment of Single Stage Solar Adsorption Refrigeration System Using ANN
Authors: Baiju V. , Muraleedharan C.
Published: September 2012

A new approach based on artificial intelligence is proposed here for the exergy assessment of solar adsorption refrigeration system working with activated carbon-methanol pair. Artificial neural network model is used for the prediction of exergy destruction and exergy efficiency of each component of the system. Pressure, temperature and solar insolation are used as input variables for developing the artificial neural network model. The back propagation algorithm with three different variants such as CGP, SCG and LM are used in the network A and network B. The most suitable algorithm and the number of neurons in hidden layer are found as LM with 9 for network A and SCG with 17 for the Network B. The artificial neural network predicted results are compared with the calculated values of exergy destruction and exergy efficiency. The values of the exergy destruction and exergy efficiency of components (condenser, expansion device, evaporator, adsorbent bed, solar concentrator and overall system) are found to be close to 1. The RMS and COV values are found to be very low in all cases. The comparison of the results suggests that the artificial neural network provided results are within the acceptable range.
The route of ´The sitting woman´. The cartoons of Copi between Paris and Buenos Aires
Authors: Plante Isabel
Published: September 2012

As tensões entre “grande arte” e “cultura menor” ou entre produção visual e envolvimento político compuseram grande parte do tecido cultural dos anos 1960, anos marcados pelo crescimento da indústria cultural e radicalização política em várias partes do globo . . Nesse contexto, o caso de Copi é fundamental por sua atuação múltipla, que fluiu pela narrativa, dramaturgia e humor gráfico. Residente em Paris desde 1962, Copi (1939-1987) criou para o semanário Le Nouvel Observateur a personagem que o tornou conhecido em França, A Mulher Sentada. Concebidas para o grande público da imprensa modernizada dos anos 1960, suas tiras questionavam – a partir de um nonsense corrosivo – os setores médios que se expandiam nos dois lados do Oceano Atlântico. Este artigo trata justamente desse tipo de oscilação geográfica e linguística mediada pela estrangeiridade de Copi. Sem ignorar as especificidades do humor gráfico, mas também fenômenos culturais mais amplos dos anos 60, como a internacionalização da cultura urbana e a indefinição dos limites do campo artístico.
Argentine´s comic field: recognition, canonization and reception
Authors: Sprecher Roberto von , Gago Sebastian
Published: September 2012

Este trabalho, realizado dentro da equipe de pesquisa Estudo e Crítica do Cartum Argentino, sediada na Escola de Ciências da Informação da Universidade Nacional de Córdoba, faz parte de um subprojeto para realizar um estudo da recepção, em diferentes gerações. leitores, da obra do roteirista Héctor Germán Oesterheld. Sua obra El Eternauta recebeu um reconhecimento significativo tanto no campo dos quadrinhos como fora dele, na Argentina e em outros países, e foi colocado junto com o mais destacado da literatura argentina.1 Este artigo supõe a formulação de um quadro teórico e abordagem metodológica para investigar o consumo de quadrinhos na Argentina, com a orientação básica da teoria de Pierre Bourdieu. Procuramos descrever, numa perspectiva qualitativa, a recepção, o receptor e sua trajetória, ambiente e circunstâncias, que condicionam o valor de uso do bem cultural e a forma de leitura de seu conteúdo, permitindo-nos investigar os níveis meso e macro socioculturais de análise.
Adolescents of the 1960s and 1970s: An Italian-Portuguese comparison between two generations of audiences
Authors: Aroldi Piermarco , Ponte Cristina
Published: September 2012

This article explores how far the media technologies, contents and habits experienced in the years of youth contribute to the shaping of collective identities, which are shared by all the members of a generation. On the basis of two sets of empirical research developed in Italy and Portugal according to a life-story approach, it compares the self accounts and media memories of two generations of audiences living their youth in the 1950’s, 1960’s and 1970s. The relevance of national and international media systems as a part of the “structure of opportunity” that contributes to the forming of generational identities was identified as framed by other structural constraints on political, socioeconomic, educational and cultural levels. In each country, attitudes toward technological innovation and media domestication lived in their years of youth also affected the first contact of people belonging to these generations with ICTs and new media in the 1980s and 1990s.
Ageing on-line in risk society: Elderly people managing the new risks via new media in the context of decreasing ontological security
Authors: Carpentier Reifova Irena , Fišerová Sylvie
Published: September 2012

This article proposes a theoretical framework for studying new media and its use by elderly people in risk society. Old people and their practices of new media use are discussed in light of the concepts of age cohort, generation and media generation. The article detects homology between individualization (a backbone of the second modernity as defined by Ulrich Beck) in the management of new risks and operation of new media language. Consequently, the concept of “double individualization of responsibility” is coined and connection is made to the effects of new media and new risks on ontological security. The argument is taken further onto the ground of critical gerontology, which claims that individual decision-making and fluidity of the second modernity is a source of insecurity and anxiety mainly for the old people. The article eventually presents the area of e-health as a research field for further exploration of how old people experience autonomy, individual decision making, and the absence of (or conflict with) external authority while dealing with the health risks on-line.
Differentiation of pigmented Spitz nevi and Reed nevi by integration of dermatopathologic and dermatoscopic findings
Authors: Bär Michael , Tschandl Philipp , Kittler Harald
Published: September 2012

Background: It is unclear whether pigmented Spitz and Reed nevi are distinct morphologic entities or part of the spectrum of Spitz nevi.

Methods: In a retrospective observational study we analyzed dermatopathologic slides of 22 cases with clinical and dermatoscopic features indicative of pigmented Spitz or Reed nevus in a blinded fashion according to predefined criteria and subsequently correlated dermatopathologic with clinical and dermatoscopic findings.

Results: We differentiated pigmented Spitz and Reed nevus dermatopathologically by their capacity of melanin production and a vertical versus horizontal growth pattern. Based on histopathology 20 nevi (91%) could be reliably diagnosed as Reed nevus (68%, n = 15) or as pigmented Spitz nevus (23%, n = 5). In two cases (9%, n = 2) it was not possible to make a clear distinction from a dermatopathologic point of view. Dermatopathologic-dermatoscopic correlation showed that Reed nevi were characterized by a dermatoscopic pattern of peripheral radial lines or pseudopods (fascicular growth pattern), whereas pigmented Spitz nevi were typified by a pattern consisting of clods (nested growth pattern). “Spitz cells” (large epithelioid melanocytes) were more commonly found in Spitz nevi (100%, n = 5) but were also present in Reed nevi (n=6, 40%). Spindle cells were found in both types of nevi.

Conclusions: Pigmented Spitz and Reed nevi can be reliably distinguished based on their dermatopathologic and dermatoscopic patterns. The specific dermatopathologic patterns of pigmented Spitz and Reed nevi correspond well to their dermatoscopic patterns. The presence of “Spitz cells” or spindle cells should not be regarded as the decisive criterion to differentiate between these two entities.
Langerhans cell histiocytosis—a case report
Authors: Jeunon Thiago , Jeunon Sousa Maria Auxiliadora , Santos-Rodrigues Nilton , Lopes Raquel
Published: September 2012

A 17-year-old male presented for dermatologic consultation with slightly elevated reddish papules covered by yellowish scales in the scalp for the last two years and reddish and indurated ulcers in the perineum lasting six months. Additional complaints included polyuria, polydipsia, delay in the development of secondary sexual characteristics and hearing loss of the right ear secondary to a medium otitis. Lesions from scalp and perineum were sampled for histopathologic examination and revealed a dense cellular infiltrate made up of mononuclear cells with conspicuous eosinophilic cytoplasm and large cleaved vesicular nucleus, some of them with shapes resembling the format of a kidney and others reminiscent of coffee beans. Numerous intermingling eosinophils were present. The diagnosis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis was then rendered and confirmed by positive immunostaining of neoplastic cells for anti-CD1a and anti-S100 protein antibodies. The work-up revealed diabetes insipidus, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, hiperprolactenemia, growing-hormone deficiency and thickness of the pituitary stalk. The patient was treated with prednisone and vinblastin based chemotherapy regimen for six months with complete remission, but presented recurrence of some lesions in the scalp, which were handled with topical mustard and corticosteroids. After chemotherapy, the endocrinologic disturbances were corrected with hormonal replacement therapy. The patient is currently in good health with a follow-up of five years.
The use of reflectance confocal microscopy for monitoring response to therapy of skin malignancies
Authors: Ulrich Marina , Lange-Asschenfeldt Susanne , Gonzalez Salvador
Published: September 2012

Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) is a new non-invasive imaging technique that enables visualizing cells and structures in living skin in real-time with resolution close to that of histological analysis. RCM has been successfully implemented in the assessment of benign and malignant lesions. Most importantly, it also enables monitoring dynamic changes in the skin over time and in response to different therapies, e.g., imiquimod, photodynamic therapy, and others. Given the often traumatic nature of skin cancer that affects both the physiology and the psychology of the patients, it is crucial to have methods that enable monitoring the response to treatment but that minimize the distress and discomfort associated with such process. This article provides a very brief overview of the fundamentals of RCM and then focuses on its recent employment as a monitoring tool in skin cancer and other pathologies that may require frequent follow-up.
Changes of melanocytic lesions induced by Melanotan injections and sun bed use in a teenage patient with FAMMM syndrome
Authors: Sivyer Graham W.
Published: September 2012

A 16-year-old girl presented with general skin tanning, multiple dark melanocytic nevi and an enlarging nevus in her left groin following self-injections of Melanotan 2 and attending a UV tanning studio. She had been referred by her GP who was concerned that some of the darkened nevi were potentially malignant.
Looking for New Water Sources? Consider Re‐Activated Groundwater Systems
Authors: Feldman Eileen McCarthy , Luck Anni
Published: September 2012

Re‐activating abandoned groundwater supplies can help utilities meet increasing demands and address dwindling supplies, but it's important to carefully consider contaminant treatment options.