bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bovine respiratory microbiota of feedlot cattle and its association with disease
Authors: Chai Jianmin , Capik Sarah F. , Kegley Beth , Richeson John T. , Powell Jeremy G. , Zhao Jiangchao
Published: January 2022

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD), as one of the most common and costly diseases in the beef cattle industry, has significant adverse impacts on global food security and the economic stability of the industry. The bovine respiratory microbiome is strongly associated with health and disease and may provide insights for alternative therapy when treating BRD. The niche-specific microbiome communities that colonize the inter-surface of the upper and the lower respiratory tract consist of a dynamic and complex ecological system. The correlation between the disequilibrium in the respiratory ecosystem and BRD has become a hot research topic. Hence, we summarize the pathogenesis and clinical signs of BRD and the alteration of the respiratory microbiota. Current research techniques and the biogeography of the microbiome in the healthy respiratory tract are also reviewed. We discuss the process of resident microbiota and pathogen colonization as well as the host immune response. Although associations between the microbiota and BRD have been revealed to some extent, interpreting the development of BRD in relation to respiratory microbial dysbiosis will likely be the direction for upcoming studies, which will allow us to better understand the importance of the airway microbiome and its contributions to animal health and performance.
Refugee-led socio-spatial organization in Al Baqa’a camp, Jordan
Authors: Aburamadan Rania
Published: January 2022

The increase in refugee numbers is an increasingly important concern globally. Many countries in different regions have been accommodating refugees by providing temporary shelters made from ineffective and inadequate materials to provide thermal comfort for refugees. However, the shelters provided are often inadequate solutions for shelter and neglect the social and cultural diversity of the refugees. Socio-cultural norms, practices and values are rarely considered in the design of shelters and this has an adverse impact on how refugees live in these spaces. Using insights from the Al Baqa’a refugee camp in Jordan as a case study, this paper uses a mixed-method approach to explore how the challenges of inadequate shelter has consequently led refugees to self-organize and create new socio-cultural spaces to adapt to the place. The findings suggest that historically, Al Baqa’a camp has reorganized by users due to social needs and climate challenges. When the camp was created in 1967, the inadequacy of the housing and infrastructure to provide comfort influenced refugees to self-organize and create adaptive spaces of comfort. However, over the decades, these spaces have evolved into spaces of enterprise, belonging and memory of their homeland. Therefore, this paper argues that refugee shelter design should have an integrated consideration of the climatic elements and the social and cultural aspects of refugees. The paper concludes with lessons learned drawn from the evidence to act as guideline for the consideration of official humanitarian organizations in other camps and local communities.
Millennial-scale oscillations in the Kuroshio–Oyashio boundary during MIS 19 based on the radiolarian record from the Chiba composite section, central Japan
Authors: Itaki Takuya , Utsuki Sakura , Haneda Yuki , Izumi Kentaro , Kubota Yoshimi , Suganuma Yusuke , Okada Makoto
Published: January 2022

Marine isotope stage (MIS) 19 is considered to be the best orbital analog for the present interglacial. Consequently, clarifying the climatic features of this period can provide us with insights regarding a natural baseline for assessing future climate changes. A high-resolution radiolarian record from 800 to 750 ka (MIS 20 to MIS 18) was examined from the Chiba composite section (CbCS) of the Kokumoto Formation, including the Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point for the lower–middle Pleistocene boundary on the Boso Peninsula on the Pacific side of central Japan. Millennial-scale oscillations in the Kuroshio warm and Oyashio cold currents were revealed by the Tr index, which is estimated using a simple equation based on radiolarian assemblages. The estimated Tr values ranged between 0.1 and 0.8 for MIS 18 through MIS 19, with minimum and maximum values corresponding to values observed off present day Aomori (41°N) and the Boso Peninsula (35°N), respectively. The observed patterns tended to be synchronous with the total radiolarian abundance associated with their production. Multiple maxima in radiolarian abundance occurred during periods of the Oyashio expanded mode before 785 ka and during periods of Kuroshio extension after 785 ka in MIS 19. Such increases in radiolarian abundance with the Kuroshio extension during MIS 19 are likely related to improvements in nutrient and photic environments with the development of a two-layer structure along the Kuroshio–Oyashio boundary zone. A similar pattern of millennial-scale climatic changes was also recognized in a precipitation record from the Sulmona Basin in central Italy, suggesting a close relationship with the CbCS record as a result of a large-scale climate system similar to the Arctic Oscillation in the northern hemisphere.
Clinical outcomes of surgical management for rare types of progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis: a case series
Authors: Masahata Kazunori , Ueno Takehisa , Bessho Kazuhiko , Kodama Tasuku , Tsukada Ryo , Saka Ryuta , Tazuke Yuko , Miyagawa Shuji , Okuyama Hiroomi
Published: January 2022

Background

Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) is a heterogeneous group of genetic autosomal recessive diseases that cause severe cholestasis, which progresses to cirrhosis and liver failure, in infancy or early childhood. We herein report the clinical outcomes of surgical management in patients with four types of PFIC.

Case presentation

Six patients diagnosed with PFIC who underwent surgical treatment between 1998 and 2020 at our institution were retrospectively assessed. Living-donor liver transplantation (LDLT) was performed in 5 patients with PFIC. The median age at LDLT was 4.8 (range: 1.9–11.4) years. One patient each with familial intrahepatic cholestasis 1 (FIC1) deficiency and bile salt export pump (BSEP) deficiency died after LDLT, and the four remaining patients, one each with deficiency of FIC1, BSEP, multidrug resistance protein 3 (MDR3), and tight junction protein 2 (TJP2), survived. One FIC1 deficiency recipient underwent LDLT secondary to deterioration of liver function, following infectious enteritis. Although he underwent LDLT accompanied by total external biliary diversion, the patient died because of PFIC-related complications. The other patient with FIC1 deficiency had intractable pruritus and underwent partial internal biliary diversion (PIBD) at 9.8 years of age, pruritus largely resolved after PIBD. One BSEP deficiency recipient, who had severe graft damage, experienced recurrence of cholestasis due to the development of antibodies against BSEP after LDLT, and eventually died due to graft failure. The other patient with BSEP deficiency recovered well after LDLT and there was no evidence of posttransplant recurrence of cholestasis. In contrast, recipients with MDR3 or TJP2 deficiency showed good courses and outcomes after LDLT.

Conclusions

Although LDLT was considered an effective treatment for PFIC, the clinical courses and outcomes after LDLT were still inadequate in patients with FIC1 and BSEP deficiency. LDLT accompanied by total biliary diversion may not be as effective for patients with FIC1 deficiency.
Analysis of the cryptocurrency market using different prototype-based clustering techniques
Authors: Lorenzo Luis , Arroyo Javier
Published: January 2022

Since the emergence of Bitcoin, cryptocurrencies have grown significantly, not only in terms of capitalization but also in number. Consequently, the cryptocurrency market can be a conducive arena for investors, as it offers many opportunities. However, it is difficult to understand. This study aims to describe, summarize, and segment the main trends of the entire cryptocurrency market in 2018, using data analysis tools. Accordingly, we propose a new clustering-based methodology that provides complementary views of the financial behavior of cryptocurrencies, and one that looks for associations between the clustering results, and other factors that are not involved in clustering. Particularly, the methodology involves applying three different partitional clustering algorithms, where each of them use a different representation for cryptocurrencies, namely, yearly mean, and standard deviation of the returns, distribution of returns that have not been applied to financial markets previously, and the time series of returns. Because each representation provides a different outlook of the market, we also examine the integration of the three clustering results, to obtain a fine-grained analysis of the main trends of the market. In conclusion, we analyze the association of the clustering results with other descriptive features of cryptocurrencies, including the age, technological attributes, and financial ratios derived from them. This will help to enhance the profiling of the clusters with additional descriptive insights, and to find associations with other variables. Consequently, this study describes the whole market based on graphical information, and a scalable methodology that can be reproduced by investors who want to understand the main trends in the market quickly, and those that look for cryptocurrencies with different financial performance.In our analysis of the 2018 and 2019 for extended period, we found that the market can be typically segmented in few clusters (five or less), and even considering the intersections, the 6 more populations account for 75% of the market. Regarding the associations between the clusters and descriptive features, we find associations between some clusters with volume, market capitalization, and some financial ratios, which could be explored in future research.
Energy crypto currencies and leading U.S. energy stock prices: are Fibonacci retracements profitable?
Authors: Gurrib Ikhlaas , Nourani Mohammad , Bhaskaran Rajesh Kumar
Published: January 2022

This paper investigates the role of Fibonacci retracements levels, a popular technical analysis indicator, in predicting stock prices of leading U.S. energy companies and energy cryptocurrencies. The study methodology focuses on applying Fibonacci retracements as a system compared with the buy-and-hold strategy. Daily crypto and stock prices were obtained from the Standard & Poor's composite 1500 energy index and CoinMarketCap between November 2017 and January 2020. This study also examined if the combined Fibonacci retracements and the price crossover strategy result in a higher return per unit of risk. Our findings revealed that Fibonacci retracement captures energy stock price changes better than cryptos. Furthermore, most price violations were frequent during price falls compared to price increases, supporting that the Fibonacci instrument does not capture price movements during up and downtrends, respectively. Also, fewer consecutive retracement breaks were observed when the price violations were examined 3 days before the current break. Furthermore, the Fibonacci-based strategy resulted in higher returns relative to the naïve buy-and-hold model. Finally, complementing Fibonacci with the price cross strategy did not improve the results and led to fewer or no trades for some constituents. This study’s overall findings elucidate that, despite significant drops in oil prices, speculators (traders) can implement profitable strategies when using technical analysis indicators, like the Fibonacci retracement tool, with or without price crossover rules.
Chikungunya outbreak in Bangladesh (2017): sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients from three hotspots
Authors: Amin Mohammad Robed , Hasan Mohammad Jahid , Khan Md. Abdullah Saeed , Rafi Md Abdur , Islam Mohammad Rafiqul , Shams Tarek , Islam Mohammed Jahedul , Kabir Abu Saif Mohammad Lutful , Sharif Mohiuddin , Gozal David
Published: January 2022

Background

Chikungunya is a severely debilitating disease. Bangladesh witnessed one of the largest outbreaks in 2017. Here, we described the clinical profile of the chikungunya outbreak in Bangladesh and its heterogeneity across three hotspots.

Methods

This was a descriptive cross-sectional study of 432 individuals interviewed from the outpatient department of three study sites (Dhaka, Chittagong, and Sitakundu Upazilla of Bangladesh) after confirmation by the study physicians. Both laboratory-confirmed cases and probable cases were recruited between July and October 2017.

Results

Of all, 18% (79) were laboratory confirmed, and 353 82% (335) were probable cases. The male:female ratio was almost equal (1.09:1), and the predominant age group was 18–59 years. The mean age of the presentation was 36.07 ± 13.62 (SD) years. Fever and arthralgia were the most common presentations and were present in > 95% of cases. Other frequent symptoms were fatigue, myalgia, headache, nausea, and vomiting. Approximately half of the patients had arthritis and erythematous rash. Arthritis was predominant in Chittagong city, while maculopapular rash was not observed in Sitakunda city. However, fatigue, nausea, and vomiting are more common among patients in Dhaka city. Significant heterogeneity of clinical manifestations was present across the three hotspots (p < 0.05 for all). Both confirmed and probable cases shared similar characteristics except muscle ache (p = 0.22) and rash (p = 0.37).

Conclusion

The clinical profile of chikungunya virus-induced disease displays significant location-related heterogeneity in Bangladesh during a large outbreak. Although the causes of such differences are unclear, improved public and medical personnel education on this condition may lead to earlier diagnosis and treatment.
Ubiquitination in the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae: from development and pathogenicity to stress responses
Authors: Wang Yu , Yang Nan , Zheng Yunna , Yue Jiaolin , Bhadauria Vijai , Peng You-Liang , Chen Qian
Published: January 2022

Ubiquitination is a vital protein post-translational modification (PTM) prevalent in eukaryotes. This modification regulates multiple cellular processes through protein degradation mediated by the 26S proteasome or affecting protein–protein interaction and protein localization. Magnaporthe oryzae causes rice blast disease, which is one of the most devastating crop diseases worldwide. In M. oryzae, ubiquitination plays important roles in growth, pathogenicity, stress response and effector-mediated plant-pathogen interaction. In this review, we summarize the roles of ubiquitination components in the above biological processes of M. oryzae, including single- or multi-subunit E3s, E2s, components of 26S proteasome and also deubiquitinating enzymes. The essential function of ubiquitination in plant-fungus interaction is also discussed. Moreover, this review presents several issues related to the ubiquitination system in M. oryzae, which need to be further explored in future researches.
Barriers to implementation of pediatric emergency department interventions for parental tobacco use and dependence: a qualitative study using the theoretical domains framework
Authors: Merianos Ashley L. , Fiser Kayleigh A. , Mahabee-Gittens E. Melinda , Lyons Michael S. , Gordon Judith S.
Published: January 2022

Background

Pediatric emergency department (PED) and urgent care (UC) professionals can play a key role in delivering evidence-based guidelines to address parental tobacco use and child tobacco smoke exposure (TSE). Understanding PED/UC professionals’ perceptions regarding these guidelines is the first step in developing and implementing a TSE screening and counseling intervention in these settings. This study aimed to use the theoretical domains framework (TDF) to identify current screening and counseling behaviors of PED/UC professionals related to parental tobacco use and child TSE, and determine barriers and enablers that influence these behaviors.

Methods

Semi-structured, focused interviews were conducted with 29 actively practicing PED/UC clinical staff who worked at one large, Midwestern children’s hospital. The interview guide was informed by the TDF and included open-ended questions. Content analysis of interview transcripts was guided by the TDF. Nurses, physicians, and healthcare administrators were assessed overall and by group membership to ensure each group was represented based on their varying PED/UC roles.

Results

Fifty-one percent were nurses, 38% were physicians, and 11% were healthcare administrators. Most PED/UC professionals did not currently follow the guidelines, but perceived addressing parental tobacco use as part of their role. All 14 TDF domains were identified by nurses, physicians, and administrators in relation to counseling for parental tobacco use and child TSE. Domains with the most sub-themes were (1) knowledge: lack of knowledge about tobacco counseling, including implementing counseling, cessation resources/referrals, and thirdhand smoke; (2) beliefs about capabilities: not comfortable counseling parents, easier to discuss with parents who are receptive and to ask and advise when patients have a TSE-related complaint, and more likely to discuss if there were resources/referrals; and (3) environmental context and resources: barriers include lack of time, training, and resources and referral information to give to parents, and an enabler is using TSE-related complaints as a context to offer counseling.

Conclusions

Study findings provide a strong foundation for developing and implementing clinical practice guidelines regarding parental tobacco use and child TSE in the PED/UC setting. Future intervention development will address all TDF domains and test the implementation of the intervention in the PED/UC setting.
Anesthetic Management of a Patient Undergoing Cochlear Implantation With Superficial Cervical Plexus Block and Sedation: A Case Report
Authors: Takemura Natsuki , Miyashita Tetsuya , Baba Yasuko
Published: January 2022

Avoidance of general anesthesia and endotracheal intubation has been shown to reduce respiratory complications in patients with severe lung disease. We describe the case of a 75-year-old patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who underwent cochlear implantation managed with nerve block and sedation. A superficial cervical plexus block (SCPB) was performed with 1% mepivacaine before surgery. A small amount of intravenous analgesic and sedative was administered. The patient experienced only slight pain during surgery. A SCPB had a good analgesic effect on the posterior auricle. Cochlear implantation in patients with COPD can be performed using a SCPB and sedation.
FGFR2 signaling enhances the SHH-BMP4 signaling axis in early ureter development
Authors: Meuser Max , Deuper Lena , Rudat Carsten , Aydoğdu Nurullah , Thiesler Hauke , Zarnovican Patricia , Hildebrandt Herbert , Trowe Mark-Oliver , Kispert Andreas
Published: January 2022

The patterned array of basal, intermediate and superficial cells in the urothelium of the mature ureter arises from uncommitted epithelial progenitors of the distal ureteric bud. Urothelial development requires signaling input from surrounding mesenchymal cells, which, in turn, depend on cues from the epithelial primordium to form a layered fibro-muscular wall. Here, we have identified FGFR2 as a crucial component in this reciprocal signaling crosstalk in the murine ureter. Loss of Fgfr2 in the ureteric epithelium led to reduced proliferation, stratification, intermediate and basal cell differentiation in this tissue, and affected cell survival and smooth muscle cell differentiation in the surrounding mesenchyme. Loss of Fgfr2 impacted negatively on epithelial expression of Shh and its mesenchymal effector gene Bmp4. Activation of SHH or BMP4 signaling largely rescued the cellular defects of mutant ureters in explant cultures. Conversely, inhibition of SHH or BMP signaling in wild-type ureters recapitulated the mutant phenotype in a dose-dependent manner. Our study suggests that FGF signals from the mesenchyme enhance, via epithelial FGFR2, the SHH-BMP4 signaling axis to drive urothelial and mesenchymal development in the early ureter.
Sarcopenia Related to Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Protective Effects of Exercise
Authors: Deminice Rafael , Oliveira Vitor H.F. , Webel Allison R. , Erlandson Kristine M.
Published: January 2022

We discuss recent evidence supporting the hypothesis that sarcopenia is an emerging health concern among people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) because of increasing life expectancy and HIV- and treatment-related comorbidities. We also hypothesize that combined exercise at higher intensity has a key role in managing sarcopenia in this population because it directly (increases muscle strength and stimulates hypertrophy) and indirectly (prevents mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and persistent inflammation) counteracts sarcopenia hallmarks.
A manipulator size optimization method based on dexterous workspace volume
Authors: Huang Yuanhai , Li Zhi , Xing Kefan , Gong Haoqin
Published: January 2022

Background: Manipulators for robots are required to have high manipulability for adaptability in different tasks. However, general methods for designing manipulators with high manipulability are deficient. Here, aiming at improving the manipulability of the six degrees-of-freedom (DOF) manipulator, a method for optimizing structure size parameters based on the dexterous workspace volume is proposed.

Methods: Firstly, the kinematic analysis of the manipulator is performed. Then, the manipulability of the single working point of the manipulator is judged based on reachability in different postures. The workspace of the manipulator is discretized to obtain the volume of the overall dexterous workspace. By taking the maximum volume of the dexterous workspace as the optimization goal, Genetic Algorithm (GA) is used to optimize the structure size parameters to achieve optimal manipulability. AUBO 6-DOF manipulator is defined and analyzed as an example.

Results: The optimization results indicate that the dexterous workspace of the manipulator expands in volume and its manipulability is improved. The validity of the proposed optimization method is verified by comparing the distribution of dexterous workspace of the manipulator.

Conclusions: This article proposes an optimization method for the structure size parameters of a 6-DOF manipulator, which can be implemented to improving the manipulability of the manipulator.
Development of dual-arm mobile robot platform based on ROS
Authors: Xu Rui , Qian Lu , Zhao Xingwei
Published: January 2022

Background: With the increasing demand of mobile robots in warehousing, logistics and service fields, simple planar motion is difficult to meet the task requirements of complex environment. The combination of mobile robot and cooperative robot is helpful to improve the dexterity of robot movement and expand the application of robots.

Methods: Aiming at the application requirements of dual-arm robots and mobile robots in practical applications, this paper designed the hardware of a platform, built a simulation platform based on ROS (Robot Operating System), and designed the actual software control framework. Finally, the feasibility of the platform design was verified by the coupling motion experiment of the two robots.

Results:  We have established a simulation of the dual-arm mobile platform in ROS, designed the actual software control framework, and verified the feasibility of the platform design through experiments.

Conclusions:  The mobile platform can meet a variety of application requirements and lay the foundation for subsequent development.
Desired support system to eradicate urban homelessness: an exploratory descriptive study
Authors: Mohd Rom Noor Ashikin , Md. Hassan Nurbani , Abu Said Al-Mansor , Bachik Burhanuddin
Published: January 2022

Background - The new increasing homeless lately consist of women, children, youth, the elderly and marginalized ethnic or migrant groups. Some of them are working and earn salaries, however, the income is not sufficient to live modestly.

Purpose – The purpose of this research is to establish a desired support system to eradicate urban homelessness in the country.

Design/methodology/approach – This is an exploratory descriptive method study which employed quantitative techniques.  The study employed a social ecological model to investigate behavior of homeless via multiple levels of influences including intrapersonal, interpersonal, organizational, community and public policy. Surveys have been conducted on sixty-five homeless individuals. 

Findings – It was found that support systems and structures should be derived from the whole streams from families, communities, organizations and government. Employment opportunities, long-term shelters within the community places and highly demanded skills are needed to improve their living condition.

Research limitations – This study is only focused on the socio-economic structures of the homeless in a capital city.

Originality/value – This is an empirical research using a social ecological model for the homeless in the Kuala Lumpur area. Research on homeless study has received little attention and has yet to be fully explored.
The paradox of food production, consumption, poverty and malnutrition in Tanzania: an ecological study design
Authors: Tesha Novatus , Tungu Malale , Kagaigai Alphoncina , Yohana Boniface , Paulo Hevenlight A.
Published: January 2022

Background: There have been claims amongst nutrition stakeholders in Tanzania that the food basket regions, are the regions most affected by stunting among  children. However, this study could not find evidence that combines food production and stunting levels, to substantiate this claim. Therefore, this study aims to compare data on stunting, food production and consumption within administrative regions of the Tanzania mainland.

Methods: The study used an ecological study design to show the relationship between stunting, poverty, food production and consumption across administrative regions in Tanzania. The study used data from three national wide surveys: 2017/2018 Household Budget Survey (HBS), Tanzania National Nutrition Survey (TNNS) 2018 and Agriculture Statistics for Food Security report 2018/2019.

Results: The study showed that there is a positive relationship between the prevalence of stunting and food production (r=0.43, p=0.03), while there is a negative relationship between stunting and the level of both the average monthly household consumption expenditure (r = -0.48, p = 0.01) and average monthly household food consumption expenditure (r = -0.509, p = 0.01). It was further found that some regions which have higher levels of stunting such as Njombe, have the lowest level of basic need poverty.

Conclusion: The study found a positive relationship between food production and the prevalence of stunting using data across regions in mainland Tanzania. This is an indication that regional food security may not entail nutrition security, hence a call for more advocacy on nutrition-sensitive agriculture.
Pharmacoepidemiology in pregnancy: analysis protocol for an observational cohort study in the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink
Authors: Barry Ciarrah-Jane , Burden Christy , Davies Neil , Walker Venexia
Published: January 2022

Large numbers of women take prescription and over-the-counter medications during pregnancy. However, there is very little definitive evidence about the potential effects of these drugs on the mothers and offspring. We will investigate the risks and benefits of continuing prescriptive drug use for chronic pre-existing maternal conditions such as diabetes, hypertension and thyroid related conditions throughout pregnancy. If left untreated, these conditions are established risk factors for adverse neonatal and maternal outcomes. However, some treatments for these conditions are associated with adverse neonatal outcomes.

Our primary aims are twofold. Firstly, we aim to estimate the beneficial effect on the mother of continuing treatment during pregnancy. Second, we aim to determine whether there is an associated detrimental impact on the neonate of continuation of maternal treatment during pregnancy. To establish this evidence, we will investigate the relationship between maternal drug prescriptions and adverse and beneficial offspring outcomes to provide evidence to guide clinical decisions.

We will conduct a hypothesis testing observational intergenerational cohort study using data from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD). We will apply four statistical methods: multivariable adjusted regression, propensity score regression, instrumental variables analysis and negative control analysis. These methods should account for potential confounding when estimating the association between the drug exposure and maternal or neonatal outcome.

In this protocol we describe the aims, motivation, study design, cohort and statistical analyses of our study to aid reproducibility and transparency within research.
Ways of improving language literacy of law enforcement officers
Authors: Nikonova Yuliya
Published: January 2022

The article is devoted to considering the ways of improving language literacy of law enforcement officers. The experience of the existing researches concerning this issue is analyzed and summarized. The ways of improving language literacy of law enforcement officers are formulated. Some recommendations both on teaching the Russian language within the professional training of law enforcement officers and organizing their self-training are provided. Such concepts as professional speech culture, literacy, functional literacy, language literacy are considered in the article. It is noted that modern society makes higher demands on the professional developing level of specialists in various fields: a competent specialist must have both a set of professionally significant knowledge and skills and high level of professional speech culture, which implies a high level of literacy. It is indicated that the level of developing the professional speech culture is regarded as one of the main indicators of the law enforcement officers’ professionalism. Literacy implies the ability of a person to read and write according to the standards of his native language. The concept of functional literacy is interpreted as the level of knowledge, skills and abilities that ensure the normal individual’s functioning in the system of social relations. Language literacy, being a component of functional literacy, implies the ability of a native speaker to comply with the norms of the literary language in the process of oral and written communication. Some recommendations on teaching the Russian language to law enforcement officers are provided. Various ways of improving the language literacy of this category of specialists are described. It is concluded that the main ways of improving the language literacy of law enforcement officers are the following: teaching the Russian language to law enforcement officers; organizing the research activities of trainees; organizing the self-training of the officers during off-duty hours (using the educational Internet-resources and mobile applications). The urgency of the problem of improving the literacy level of native speakers at the present stage of the society development is emphasized.
Polish-Soviet War in Film and Cinema: A New Perspective Based on the Films For You, O Poland (1920) and Miracle on the Vistula (1921)
Authors: Pryt Karina
Published: January 2022

The Polish-Soviet War, particularly the Battle of Warsaw (13–25 August 1920), soon became a subject of legend and myth. Irrespective of its fundamental political significance, the defeat of the Red Army was glorified as salvation for both Poland and Europe in military, ideological and metaphysical terms. Conducted beyond academia, the narrative was forged mainly by veterans, the Catholic Church and various forms of literature and art. Due to government subsidies, documentary and feature films also conveyed a normative notion of these dramatic events and their participants.

This article focuses on cinematic works like Dla Ciebie, Polsko [For You, o Poland, PL 1920], and Cud nad Wisłą [The Miracle on the Vistula, PL 1921] produced in order to commemorate the war between the Poles and the Bolsheviks. Taking the iconic turn, this article scrutinises the cinematic self-portrait of the Polish nation that had already been ‘imagined’ as a bulwark of European culture in the East by earlier literary works. Spotlighting protagonists who were given a place in the pantheon of national heroes, it also asks about those who were denigrated or marginalised like women and Jews. Finally, using quantitative methods and Geographical Information System (QGIS) as a tool, the article juxtaposes the maledominated, ethnically and confessional homogeneous ‘imagined nation’ with the film entrepreneurs and actual cinema audiences characterised by their diversity.
Serialised Novels in the Polish Emigré Press in the USA, 1881–1918
Authors: Nowosielska Elżbieta
Published: January 2022

This article discusses serialised novels published before 1918 in the Polish émigré press in the United States of America. These works were a popular feature of dailies and weeklies, but the periodicals’ regular financial difficulties meant that it was books published several years or indeed several decades earlier in Europe which were most often serialised. Consequently, most of the works that appeared in the periodicals failed to reflect contemporary literary trends while also overlooking subjects relevant to the everyday lives of Poles abroad. Still, the prevailing patriotic and historical themes complemented the values that many editorial boards subscribed to.
Zygmunt Miłkowski – współtwórca Ligi Polskiej wobec socjalizmu
Authors: Zaleska Ilona
Published: January 2022

W artykule omówiono stosunek Zygmunta Miłkowskiego – jednej z czołowych postaci polskiej emigracji demokratycznej II połowy XIX i początków XX w. – do socjalizmu. Analizie poddano publicystykę Miłkowskiego, w tym dwa tytuły prasowe „Wolne Polskie Słowo”, „Dla Ojczyzny: organ Skarbu Narodowego”, które ukazywały się pod jego redakcją. Starano się przy tym uwzględnić głosy drugiej strony, czyli socjalistów. Zasygnalizowano również kilka pobocznych, aczkolwiek ważnych dla podjętej problematyki, wątków.
Polityczne aspekty funkcjonowania Instytutu Badawczego Europy Wschodniej i Szkoły Nauk Politycznych w Wilnie (1930–1939)
Authors: Libera Paweł
Published: January 2022

Instytut Naukowo-Badawczy Europy Wschodniej i funkcjonująca przy nim Szkoła Nauk Politycznych powstały na początku 1930 r. w Wilnie. Blisko związane ze środowiskiem naukowym Uniwersytetu Stefana Batorego, zapisały się trwale w historii intelektualnej miasta, przede wszystkim dzięki prowadzonym badaniom oraz kadrze wybitnych znawców Związku Sowieckiego.
Europejska droga od niepewności do niepewności: 1950–2017
Authors: Zacharias Michał Jerzy
Published: January 2022

Michał J. Zacharias przedstawia pracę brytyjskiego historyka Iana Kershawa, poświęconą dziejom Europy w drugiej połowie XX w. i w pierwszych dziesięcioleciach XXI stulecia. Praca ma charakter syntetyczny. Należy podkreślić, że w ujęciu jej Autora dzieje Starego Kontynentu nie są prostą sumą dziejów poszczególnych krajów europejskich. Brytyjski badacz omawia przede wszystkim najistotniejsze problemy i zjawiska historyczne z perspektywy Europy. W jego rozważaniach liczą się głównie najważniejsze państwa i narody. Nie jest to pozbawione pewnej racji, bo przecież właśnie ich historia najlepiej oświetla, wyjaśnia przyczyny i przebieg, znaczenie i następstwa skomplikowanych wydarzeń i procesów historycznych.
W poszukiwaniu najstarszego polskiego stemmatu – pytania i propozycje odpowiedzi
Authors: Czarski Bartłomiej
Published: January 2022

Artykuł dotyczy renesansowych początków polskich stemmatów, kompozycji złożonych z herbów i opartych na nich wierszy. Głównym celem tekstu jest wskazanie najstarszego polskiego stemmatu i weryfikacja dotychczasowych ustaleń w tym zakresie. Odpowiedzi na to pytanie szukano w polskich i zagranicznych opracowaniach oraz najstarszych krakowskich i obcych drukach. Artykuł prezentuje i omawia wyniki tych poszukiwań – różne kryteria prowadzenia badań doprowadzają do odmiennych rezultatów. W gronie kandydatów na twórcę najstarszego polskiego stemmatu znaleźli się wybitni polscy humaniści z początków XVI w.: Jan Dantyszek, Andrzej Krzycki oraz Paweł z Krosna.
Dyrektorzy i sekretarze. Relacje kierowników przedsiębiorstw z regionalnymi władzami PZPR w okresie boomu inwestycyjnego (1971–1974)
Authors: Standerski Dariusz , Tymiński Maciej
Published: January 2022

Artykuł dotyczy relacji pomiędzy dyrektorami przedsiębiorstw a nadzorującymi ich komitetami wojewódzkimi PZPR w latach 1971–1974. Badanie opiera się na analizie dokumentów czterech komitetów wojewódzkich PZPR (katowickiego, warszawskiego, lubelskiego i Komitetu Warszawskiego). Wychodząc z założeń teorii agencji, zdefiniowano główne problemy i koszty występujące w stosunkach pomiędzy sekretarzami komitetów wojewódzkich i dyrektorami w kontekście relacji pryncypał – agent. Na podstawie analizy zebranego materiału źródłowego autorzy przedstawiają metody wykorzystywane przez dyrektorów przy wyjaśnieniach dotyczących problemów z realizacją projektów inwestycyjnych. Wskazują m.in. na manipulacje informacjami, działania ukryte oraz uwiarygodniające dyrektorów przedsiębiorstw. Autorzy konkludują, że dyrektorzy przedsiębiorstw ponosili znaczące koszty, aby przedstawić swoje działania jako pełne zaangażowanie na rzecz wykonania zleconych im inwestycji oraz planów produkcji. Wzrost liczby realizowanych projektów inwestycyjnych w badanym okresie spowodował wzmożenie tego typu zachowań.
Urzędnicy braniewscy w średniowieczu i epoce nowożytnej (do 1772 r.). Uwagi na marginesie spisów opracowanych przez Danutę Bogdan i Jerzego Przerackiego
Authors: Krajniak Radosław
Published: January 2022

Celem artykułu jest krytyczna ocena opracowanych przez Danutę Bogdan i Jerzego Przerackiego spisów urzędników Starego i Nowego Miasta Braniewa (do 1772 r.). W tekście, doceniając ogrom pracy wykonanej przez Autorów, zwrócono uwagę zarówno na pominięcia, ale także różnej wagi i charakteru błędy i niekonsekwencje. Dużo uwagi poświęcono wreszcie stosunkowo licznym rozbieżnościom pomiędzy materiałem zebranym w wykazach rocznych i tym zaprezentowanym zbiorczo w indeksie osób.
Recobrar la luz: iconografía pública de María Teresa León Goyri.
Authors: Blanco Domingo Luis , Agustín Lacruz M. Carmen
Published: January 2022

El presente estudio analiza la evolución en el uso de Twitter como canal de comunicación en situaciones de emergencia por parte de perfiles institucionales, mediáticos y periodísticos. Los casos investigados a partir de metodología mixta son las crisis sanitarias en el ámbito español del Ébola (2014) y de la Listeriosis (2019). Se concluye que Twitter ha servido en ambas crisis para difundir, sobre todo, mensajes emocionales.
Patent Thickets, Stock Returns, and Conditional CAPM
Authors: Hsu Po-Hsuan , Lee Hsiao-Hui , Zhou Tong
Published: January 2022

Patent thickets, a phenomenon of fragmented ownership of overlapping patent rights, hamper firms’ commercialization of patents and thus deliver asset pricing implications. We show that firms with deeper patent thickets are involved in more patent litigations, launch fewer new products, and become less profitable in the future. These firms are also associated with lower subsequent stock returns, which can be explained by a conditional Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) based on a general equilibrium model that features heterogeneous market betas conditional on time-varying aggregate productivity. This explanation is supported by further evidence from factor regressions and stochastic discount factor tests.

This paper was accepted by Karl Diether, finance.

Funding: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant 72003206], the E.SUNAcademic Award, fromtheMinistry of Education in Taiwan [MOE110J0321Q2], and the Ministry of Science and Technology in Taiwan [MOST109-2628-E-004-001-MY3 and MOST109-2628-H-007-001-MY4].

Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2021.4229 .
Antiracist Curriculum and Digital Platforms: Evidence from Black Lives Matter
Authors: Agarwal Saharsh , Sen Ananya
Published: January 2022

In this paper, we examine the impact of racially charged events on the demand for antiracist classroom resources in U.S. public schools. We use book requests made by teachers on DonorsChoose, the largest crowdfunding platform for public school teachers, as a measure of intent to address race-related topics in the classroom. We use the precise timing of high-profile police brutality and other racially charged events in the United States (2010–2020) to identify their effect on antiracism requests relative to a control group. We find a significant increase in antiracism requests following the killing of George Floyd in 2020 and a null effect for all other events in the decade. We also find an increase in requests for books featuring Latinx, Asian, Muslim, and Jewish cultures, suggesting that a focus on equality for one group can spill over and yield culturally aware dialogues for other groups as well. Event studies suggest that local protests played a role in motivating some of the teachers to post these requests. In just four months following George Floyd’s death, $3.4 million worth of books featuring authors and characters from marginalized communities were successfully funded, reaching more than half a million students. Text analysis of impact notes posted by teachers suggests that hundreds of thousands of young students are being engaged in discussions about positive affirmation and cross-cultural acceptance.

This paper was accepted by D.J. Wu, information systems.
Challenges for nurses in caring for patients with acute encephalitis: lack of knowledge, time and rehabilitation
Authors: Gill Claire , Griffiths Mike , Easton Ava , Solomon Tom
Published: January 2022

Aim:

To explore the experiences of registered nurses providing care to adult patients affected by encephalitis, from admission into hospital through to discharge.

Study design:

A qualitative phenomenological methodology was used. Sample and setting: Eight registered nurses in a city centre teaching hospital.

Methods:

Data collection took place using in-depth, semi-structured interviews. Data were analysed and themes identified using framework analysis.

Findings:

Three key findings were identified: nurses felt that they lacked knowledge of encephalitis, lacked time to give these patients the care they needed, and they lacked access to rehabilitation for patients with encephalitis.

Conclusion:

This study provides the first evidence on nurses' experiences of providing care to patients affected by encephalitis. It has shown that they often lack the knowledge and time to give adequate support to patients. They also lack access to rehabilitation for these patients.
Psychological impact of caring during the COVID-19 pandemic on HIV nurses
Authors: Piercy Hilary , Kelly Shona , Wills Matthew , Croston Michelle
Published: January 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has created a set of unprecedented challenges for healthcare services and staff. The authors conducted a national online survey of nurses employed to work in HIV services in England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland to establish how the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted on the professional quality of life of HIV nurses. Professional quality of life was assessed using the ProQOL scale; 132 nurses completed the survey, 99 of whom completed the ProQOL scale. Just over 1 in 3 were redeployed in the first pandemic wave, dropping to 1 in 6 in subsequent waves. In multivariate analysis, redeployment in both waves increased burnout scores by nearly 10 points and decreased compassion satisfaction scores by nearly 5 points, with no effect on secondary traumatic stress scores. A supportive workplace environment will have a key role in supporting the path to recovery.
Sign patterns of rational matrices with large rank II
Authors: Shitov Yaroslav
Published: January 2022

It is known that, for any real m-by-n matrix A of rank n-2, there is a rational m-by-n matrix which has rank n-2 and sign pattern equal to that of  A. We prove a more general result conjectured in the recent literature.
Structure and Magnetic Properties Of Fe/Si Nanoparticles Prepared by High Energy Milling Process
Authors: Rifai Muhammad , Yunasfi Yunasfi , Sukirman Engkir , Sarwanto Yosef , Mujamilah Mujamilah
Published: January 2022

The structure and magnetic properties of Fe/Si nanoparticle prepared by high energy milling process have been examined, focusing on the phase transition. Fe/Si nanoparticles were processed by high energy milling (HEM) for 10 hours to 50 hours with a weight per cent ratio of 9:1. Based on the X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern, transmission electron microscope (TEM) observations, and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) analysis, the phase transition induced by HEM, were evidenced. The effect of structural state and the particle size on the magnetic properties such as magnetization was also studied. It was found that iron and iron oxides (-Fe2O3/ Fe3O4) phase were exhibited on all milled samples. The magnetization value of Fe/Si nanoparticles increased up to 20 hours with 142 emu/gr saturated magnetization and then decreased linearly with increasing milling time. Referring to the XRD result, this decline was initially caused by the iron oxide formation and magnetic interaction between iron and iron oxides nanoparticles. The phase and magnetic properties value changes related to the interaction mechanism between Fe atoms caused by interstitial occupied of Si atoms, particle size reduction, and oxidation process.
Characterization of Left Ventricle Main Flow Axis Line Using Echodynamography
Authors: Oktamuliani Sri , Hasegawa Kaoru , Minagawa Tadanori , Saijo Yoshifumi
Published: January 2022

Left ventricular (LV) blood flow analysis may play an essential role in evaluating cardiac function besides the classical analysis of wall motion. Echodynamography is an imaging method in which two-dimensional (2D) blood flow vectors are deduced by blood flow information obtained by color Doppler echocardiography. Echodynamography has provided useful information on the blood flow pattern in healthy and abnormal LV. The main flow axis line (MFAL) is defined as a maximum velocity magnitude of blood flow from the LV's apex to LV's outflow, which is a new hemodynamic parameter for cardiac assessment. The present study's objective is to compare blood flow patterns between healthy and abnormal LV by investigating the MFAL and its correlation to vorticity and velocity distribution on MFAL. This study enrolled 12 participants, four healthy volunteers, and eight abnormal patients. Echodynamography analyzed frame by frame Doppler image of apical three-chamber views. The results showed MFAL superimposed on vorticity mapping during ventricular ejection and MFAL path coincide with the irrotational flow of zero vorticity path, ω = 0. A significant difference was observed in the velocity distribution curve (VDC) on the MFAL during early, mid, and late systoles compared to healthy and abnormal LV. VDC showed the linear upward curve and the highest velocity magnitude during the early systole phase in healthy LV. In contrast with abnormal LV, VDC showed the downward convex curve and the highest velocity magnitude during mid systole phase. Furthermore, the gradient and slope angle of the VDC on the MFAL was compared. The result showed that the maximum gradient and slope angle were not significantly different between healthy and abnormal LV. In conclusion, the study of MFAL and the correlation to vorticity based on the Echodynamography computational program provides additional insights for representing a cardiac function, and thus, the clinical implications of MFAL warrant further investigation.