bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A review on microplastic contamination in freshwater bodies, especially in Indian rivers with experimental insights on polyamide degradation
Authors: Randhawa Kawaljit Singh
Published: February 2025

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to address the growing issue of microplastic contamination, particularly in freshwater bodies, and to summarize recent research on this topic. This study aims to discuss the origins, distribution and occurrence of microplastics, as well as the methods used for their extraction and characterization, with a special focus on India due to its significant population and highly contaminated water bodies.

Design/methodology/approach

The approach of this study involves a comprehensive review of publications from recent years that focus on microplastic contamination in freshwater systems. The review includes an analysis of the sources of microplastics, their distribution and occurrence in freshwater environments and the techniques used for sampling and characterizing these pollutants. Also, one experiment was carried out to understand the hygroscopic behavior of polyamides; in which one circular disc of polyamide (PA6) was dipped into a freshwater container for 12 months.

Findings

The findings highlight the widespread presence of microplastics in freshwater bodies worldwide, emphasizing the severe threat they pose to living species. This study also identifies India as a critical area of concern due to its large population and heavily polluted freshwater bodies. In addition, the impact of microplastic pollution on aquatic creatures and other living organisms is briefly discussed. The results of the experiment demonstrated how hydrophilic and hygroscopic polymers can be converted into microparticles, which subsequently spread into water bodies and contribute to pollution.

Originality/value

This study provides a valuable synthesis of the current state of research on microplastic contamination in freshwater systems, offering insights into the origins and distribution of these pollutants. It also underscores the significance of addressing microplastic pollution in India, thereby contributing to the global understanding of the issue and informing future research and policy initiatives.
Formulating a comprehensive model for the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) awards: the higher education category
Authors: Rosiawan Muhammad , Trisnawati Juliani Dyah , Kristiningrum Ellia , Suseno Heru
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This paper aims to develop an Indonesian National Standard (SNI) Award model that follows university business operations while still considering the National Standard for Higher Education (NSHE) as mandatory standards and SNI standards based on the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) as voluntary standards (SNI ISO).

Design/methodology/approach

We used the case study method to investigate the phenomenon of completing the SNI Award questionnaire, interviewing informants and conducting remote observations on a sample of the university that had completed the desk and remote evaluation stages.

Findings

The SNI Award questionnaire responses revealed that they satisfactorily addressed only a portion of the SNI ISO questions. However, they typically alluded to the NSHE, internal quality assurance systems and university accreditation in their responses to the standard inquiries. To address this, we suggest a concept in which the SNI Award for higher education incorporates statutory and optional standards. As a result, universities may now more readily comprehend the questionnaire and its completion correctly and precisely using the model’s results. Additionally, we supplement the proposed model with a quality roadmap that outlines how universities attain national and worldwide excellence through standardization.

Research limitations/implications

This study is limited to the higher education SNI award category, which has a different set of educational standards than other educational organizations like elementary schools, junior and senior high schools and non-educational categories.

Practical implications

The development of the SNI Award model offers leaders a pathway to enhance their organization’s SNI Award assessment score. This involves integrating mandatory standards and relevant SNI ISO standards, leveraging accreditation outcomes, international program accreditations and university rankings for the result criterion and, finally, utilizing a quality roadmap aligned with SNI ISO standards to attain organizational excellence and global competitiveness.

Originality/value

This paper’s findings bridge the existing research gap by offering empirical insights into assessing the SNI award model within the higher education framework.
A case of multiple warty dyskeratomas overexpressing SERCA2 in acantholytic cells
Authors: Matsuo Maho , Zang Xiaoyu , Im Dongjun , Tanaka Kayoko , Natsuga Ken , Iwata Hiroaki
Published: February 2025

A 60‐year‐old Japanese woman had a history of acneiform rashes and pruritus from age 20. She had sought medical attention at the age of 49 due to the progressive enlargement of the lesions. Despite various therapeutic interventions, including topical steroids and oral cyclosporine, the condition continued to worsen. Upon examination at age 60, erythematous areas with hyperkeratotic nodules were noted, and a dermoscopic evaluation revealed keratin plugs within the hair follicles. A histopathological analysis showed suprabasal acantholysis, with grains and corps ronds dispersed throughout the lesions. Genetic testing identified a non‐pathogenic variant in ATP2A2, which effectively excluded Darier's disease. We made the final diagnosis of warty dyskeratomas (WD). Human papillomavirus was not implicated. Notably, immunohistochemical analyses revealed the overexpression of SERCA2, which further supported the diagnosis of WD rather than Darier's disease. WD is a rare, benign, dermatological condition that typically affects middle‐aged women and is often localized to the scalp. While histologically similar to Darier's disease, WD lacks the pathogenic mutations in ATP2A2. Ultimately, the diagnosis of WD was confirmed in our patient through a comprehensive assessment of clinical, histopathological, and genetic findings.
The effect of auditor litigation risk on analyst coverage decisions: Evidence from a quasi‐experiment
Authors: Lu Louise , Sui Maiying , Wang Dongyue , Wu Yi (Ava)
Published: February 2025

Exploiting staggered state‐level shocks to third‐party auditor legal liability in the United States, we find that an exogenous increase in auditor litigation risk increases client firms' analyst following. The effect is more pronounced for firms with elevated litigation risk, greater forecast uncertainty, a more opaque information environment and those audited by auditors without industry expertise or with a history of poor audit quality. We also find that analysts are more likely to provide revenue and cash flows forecasts for the clients of auditors facing higher litigation risk. These findings highlight that increased auditor litigation risk enhances analysts' perception of audit quality.
Radio relationships: Perceptions on listenership and well‐being
Authors: Krause Amanda E. , Fletcher Heather
Published: February 2025

Objective

As Australia boasts large radio listening audiences with high engagement among older adults, we examined Australian radio personnel's perceptions of their role in delivering radio and how it facilitates listener well‐being.

Method

Semi‐structured individual interviews were conducted with 16 radio personnel affiliated with music‐ and talk‐based community and public stations broadcasting in Melbourne, Victoria.

Results

Thematic analysis indicated two main themes: communication style (e.g. making listeners a part of the conversation, speaking to one'person and strong listening skills) and authenticity. Presenters focused on both creating and maintaining relationships as well as promoting community through their on‐air actions and programming. This inherently fostered connection and facilitated listener well‐being.

Conclusions

The findings have implications for considering how the radio can be used as a tool for enhancing quality of life and for how radio stations manage presenter training and programming changes to support listener connection.
Modelling the Suitable Habitat of Gonimbrasia belina, a Communally Exploited Edible Insect, in Southern African Mopane (Colophospermum mopane) Savannah
Authors: Netshanzhe Mutali Winnie , Swanepoel Corrie Maria , Gardiner Alan J. , Swanepoel Lourens Hendrik
Published: February 2025

The mopane worm (caterpillar stage of Gonimbrasia belina), a communally exploited edible insect, is a crucial component in the savanna ecosystems. Harvesting remains informal, largely unregulated, and mostly on communal and private land. Recent increases in demand have raised concerns about sustainability. This study takes the initial step toward developing sustainable harvest strategies by quantifying suitable habitat, estimating each country's contribution to total suitable habitat, estimating the effectiveness of protected areas to capture suitable habitat, and exploring predictor variables affecting the suitable habitat of mopane worms. We employed presence‐only modelling to develop an ensemble model that combines generalised additive models (GAM), maximum entropy (MaxEnt), and random forests (RF), resulting in both a full and a restricted ensemble model. The restricted model was constrained to the southern African mopane savannah (Colophospermum mopane) to evaluate potential populations that can sustain harvest within mopane savannah. The full and restricted ensemble models classified 15.1% and 40% of the model landscape as suitable for mopane worms, respectively. Under the restricted model, Zimbabwe contributed 26.8% to the suitable habitat, followed by Botswana (25.3%), South Africa (15.4%), Namibia (14.7%) and Mozambique (11.1%). A total of 36.2% of the suitable habitat fell within protected areas, while the remaining 63.2% fell in non‐protected areas. We conclude that local communities, governments and regional conservation authorities should address the harvest management of this communally exploited edible insect.
Technology Licensing With Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility in a Vertically Differentiated Duopoly
Authors: Li Dongdong , Lin Wenyao , Shang Chenxuan
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we study the impact of strategic corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities on the optimal licensing strategy for cost‐reducing technology in a vertically differentiated duopoly. We compare three types of licensing strategies—fixed fee, royalty, and two‐part tariff—under three CSR strategy structures: ST model (only firm 1 adopts a CSR strategy), TS model (only firm 2 adopts a CSR strategy), and SS model (both firms adopt CSR strategies). The results show that the licensor prefers fixed‐fee licensing when it adopts a CSR strategy (i.e., ST and SS) but opts for two‐part tariff licensing when it does not (i.e., TS). We also find that the optimal licensing contract leads to higher social welfare under the CSR compliance strategy than under the mixed CSR strategy. Finally, we show that firms endogenously choose the CSR compliance strategy.
Child Development Allied Health Services in Rural and Remote Areas: A Systematic Scoping Review of Drivers, Barriers and Enabling Strategies to Delivery of Services
Authors: Gosse Georgia , Kumar Saravana , Banwell Helen , Moran Anna
Published: February 2025

Background

Access to child development allied health services is challenging in rural and remote areas. A companion review has described the types of models of care that are used to deliver these services and their impact on the quality of healthcare.

Objective

This review aimed to identify service drivers for, and barriers and enabling strategies to the delivery of these services.

Design

A scoping review was conducted in alignment with the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and PRISMA methodology. Data from included citations were thematically organised to describe and connect drivers, enabling strategies and barriers.

Findings

Twenty‐five citations met the inclusion criteria. Six key drivers were identified, four key enabling strategies and five key barriers.

Discussion

Most models of care were driven by the need to address the inadequacy of child development allied health services. Place‐based strategies were described by most citations as key to enabling the delivery of new models of care. However, understanding the community's capacity for a new model of care was a prominent barrier to implementation.

Conclusion

Findings from this review highlight the complexities of devising and delivering new models of care for children in rural and remote areas with developmental needs. While place‐based approaches were the most widely adopted enabling strategy, these strategies presented their own challenges. Understanding community needs, capacity and assets from end‐user (including children) perspectives is complex but should underpin designing and implementing models of care.
A qualitative exploration of stressors in anaesthesia training in the UK and mechanisms to improve resident wellbeing
Authors: Gale Thomas , Winter Sophie , Daykin Harriet , Tredinick‐Rowe John , Withers Lyndsey , Bryce Marie
Published: February 2025

Introduction

High levels of stress and burnout have been identified among resident anaesthetists in UK training programmes. Factors involving clinical roles, workplace culture and training are known stressors, but in‐depth research investigating how to improve wellbeing is limited.

Methods

We used a qualitative design in two phases with participants from across the UK. Phase 1 involved semi‐structured interviews of resident anaesthetists in the 2nd–5th years of training, and educational stakeholders. Phase 2 involved additional participants in two focus groups, one each for residents and stakeholders. Interviews and focus groups were conducted online, audio‐recorded and transcribed for thematic analysis using a framework approach.

Results

We interviewed 52 participants in phase 1, comprising resident anaesthetists from England, Wales and Scotland and key educational stakeholders. A further 11 resident anaesthetists and stakeholders participated in the phase 2 focus groups. We identified four overarching themes contributing to stress: clinical work; non‐clinical work; structure of training; and workplace culture. We also identified supportive features at individual, local, regional and national levels. Stress and burnout were commonplace, particularly during demanding periods of training. Balancing non‐clinical commitments alongside busy workloads was difficult. Clinically, intensive care medicine and obstetrics generated the most stress. Frequent rotations and long commutes increased stress, impacting on working and family relationships. Curriculum changes, examinations and competition for higher training posts caused stress and poor morale. Proposed mechanisms to improve wellbeing include: peer‐to‐peer support; request‐based rotas; adoption of ‘lead employers’; decreasing rotation frequency and commuting distances; access to less than full‐time working and professional support; and adapting the structure of training to improve the stability of the resident anaesthetist workforce.

Discussion

Attention to the factors identified as contributing to stress could improve resident anaesthetists' wellbeing through changes to policy and practice at local, regional and national levels, for which we make research‐informed recommendations.
Maternal postpartum six‐week check and short‐term health outcomes for women with hypertensive disorders in pregnancy: An observational study using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD)
Authors: Ramakrishnan Rema , Korb Diane , Li Yangmei , Knight Marian , Carson Claire
Published: February 2025

Introduction

In the UK, in addition to the recommended blood pressure check, women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are offered a postpartum six‐week check (SWC) with either a specialist or general practitioner. We aimed to describe the prevalence and disparities in the provision of SWC, and describe short‐term postpartum outcomes among women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy by SWC status.

Material and Methods

Data were from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink GOLD for women aged 15–49 years at childbirth in 2000–2018, who were diagnosed with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, and were registered for ≥12 months postpartum. Trends in SWC prevalence and differences in characteristics and short‐term postpartum outcomes of women by SWC status were described. Multivariable modified Poisson regression was used to compute risk ratio of a SWC for severe hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.

Results

Of 30 483 women, 61.4% had a SWC. The proportion of women who received a SWC check was highest in 2007 (66.8%) but subsequently decreased. Women were less likely to have a SWC record if they were younger, of a minoritised ethnicity, living in more deprived areas, were multiparous, had severe hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, preterm birth, caesarean birth, or had a low birthweight baby. Compared to women who did not have a SWC, a higher proportion of women with SWC had their blood pressure recorded (SWC 47.4%, no SWC 39.9%), and had a diagnosis of postpartum depression (SWC 13.6%, no SWC 11.1%). There were no substantial differences in other short‐term postpartum outcomes by SWC status.

Conclusions

There may be missed opportunities in postpartum care among women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Our findings highlight the need to ensure that general postpartum care is not overlooked in women with specific morbidities in pregnancy.
Pan‐Cancer Analysis Reveals SKA3 as a Potential Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarker
Authors: Li Chunlin , Gao Min , Huang Hua , Zha Nashunbayaer , Guo Gang
Published: February 2025

SKA3, an important factor in cell cycle regulation, is involved in spindle assembly and kinetochore function, playing a critical role in maintaining cancer cell proliferation and division. However, its specific roles and regulatory mechanisms in cancer remain not fully understood. Large‐scale datasets from multiple public databases, including The Cancer Genome Atlas and Genotype‐Tissue Expression, covering various cancer types, were integrated. Systematic analysis revealed that SKA3 exhibits aberrant expression patterns in multiple cancers and is significantly associated with tumor progression and poor patient prognosis in certain cancers. We explored the status of SKA3 gene mutation, gene amplification and promoter region methylation in various tumors. In the context of immunotherapy, we assessed the value of SKA3 in cancer. Analyzing the correlation between SKA3 expression levels and immune checkpoints and immune cell infiltration, we discovered that SKA3 could serve as a novel immunotherapy biomarker across multiple cancers, guiding clinical immunotherapy decisions. Finally, SKA3 knockdown inhibited lung adenocarcinoma cell proliferation and metastasis. In conclusion, this study provides new insights into the role of SKA3 in cancer and offers significant theoretical and experimental evidence for its development as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker.
No more NVivo! Dealing with coding frustrations in a study of contemporary Cambodian dance
Authors: Rogers Amanda
Published: February 2025

This paper offers a short reflection on the analytical practice of coding a large number of interviews as part of a long‐term research project on the relationship between contemporary dance and national identity in Cambodia. It probes some of the assumptions that we make about ‘coding’ interviews and how we do it, particularly the idea of seemingly neat, sequential ordering of analytical steps, as well as when the moment of analysis occurs. Rather than present a conventional account of how coding works, I share instead some of my frustrations with the practice and how the difficult—and at times boring and overwhelming—work of coding affects how we understand its analytical possibilities. In so doing, I highlight that we should not assume that coding is easy or the obvious thing to do, regardless of the specificities and demands of our research projects.
A novel, nonlethal liver biopsy procedure in an elasmobranch
Authors: Hasenei AM , Foyle L , Rummer JL
Published: February 2025

Tissue sampling is essential for understanding the biology, health and conservation status of elasmobranchs (i.e., sharks and rays). Historically, these samples have been obtained through recreational and commercial fisheries or via fisheries‐independent sampling, often involving lethal methods. However, with a significant number of elasmobranch species listed as conservation concerns under IUCN standards — approximately one‐third of species are threatened with extinction — there is an urgent need for nonlethal tissue sampling techniques to optimise animal care and further conservation research. Recent advances have demonstrated nonlethal liver sampling in teleost fishes, but this has rarely been attempted in elasmobranchs. Yet, in elasmobranchs, the liver is one of the largest organs, performing critical functions such as buoyancy regulation, energy storage and metabolic processes. Here, we present a nonlethal liver biopsy procedure in an elasmobranch species, the epaulette shark (Hemiscyllium ocellatum). Individual sharks were wild‐collected from coastal waters of Queensland, Australia and maintained in holding facilities at James Cook University and Heron Island Research station where all procedures took place. Following surgery, the sharks made a full recovery, accepted food within 24 hours, and were monitored for 2 weeks before being released back to their original collection sites after complete healing. This study aimed to showcase these methods as a foundation for improved veterinary care and conservation science, while also advocating for the broader adoption of nonlethal sampling techniques in both research and clinical practice to promote sustainability and ethical conservation efforts.
A Novel RHEB Germline Variant Associated With Intellectual Disability and Epilepsy: Expanding the Spectrum of mTORopathies
Authors: Trujillo‐Quintero Juan Pablo , Brunet‐Vega Anna , Spataro Nino , Petanas Joan , Gallego Oriol , Mateo Francesca , Pujana Miquel Angel , Ruiz Anna
Published: February 2025

The mTOR cascade is a critical player in the pathogenesis of focal epilepsies and cortical malformations, collectively referred to as mTORopathies. The Ras homolog enriched in brain (RHEB) gene is a member of the RAS‐family GTPases and a potent activator of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex (mTORC1). Brain somatic variants in the RHEB gene have been described in patients affected by focal cortical dysplasia and hemimegalencephaly abnormalities. Conversely, germline genetic variants in the RHEB gene have been poorly reported in patients with neurodevelopmental disorders. This study describes the phenotype of a patient with global developmental delay and epilepsy carrying a novel germline de novo heterozygous missense variant (c.71 T>C; p.Ile24Thr) in the RHEB gene. Previously reported patients are reviewed and compared to the case reported here, expanding the genotype and phenotype spectrum of mTORopathies.
A Novel UPF1 Variant Associated With a Rare UPF1‐Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder
Authors: Tümer Zeynep , Dalsberg Jonas , Rønde Gitte , Sørensen Jesper Kiehn , Østergaard Elsebet
Published: February 2025

Nonsense‐mediated mRNA decay (NMD) plays a crucial role in degrading aberrant transcripts with premature termination codons, with the Up‐frameshift (UPF) protein family—UPF1, UPF2, and UPF3A/UPF3B—being vital components of this machinery. While several variants in genes encoding UPF2 and UPF3A/3B have been associated with neurodevelopmental disorders, only three germline UPF1 variants have been reported to date. Here, we report a male patient with a de novo missense variant, p.(Ala526Thr), in a highly conserved helicase motif of UPF1. The patient presented with moderate intellectual disability (ID), atypical autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and behavioral disturbances. The common features observed among the four patients with UPF1 variants are moderate to severe ID and developmental delays in motor and verbal skills. A comparison across the disorders related to the UPF genes suggests that neurodevelopmental delay, including ID and impaired verbal skills, is a common feature, and these disorders may collectively be referred to as UPF‐related neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). ADHD, autism, seizures, hypotonia, and non‐specific dysmorphic features are also reported in some patients, suggesting that these disorders can be classified as non‐specific intellectual disability syndromes. However, further studies are necessary to elucidate genotype–phenotype correlations and the molecular mechanisms underlying these rare disorders, particularly those related to UPF1.
CA3 Pyramidal Neuron Activation Promotes Cognitive Resilience to Inflammation‐Induced Cognitive Inflexibility
Authors: Zuo Wenqiang , Fang Suwen , Xu Tiantian , Li Yumeng , Zhao Jianshuai , Xie Xiaoyan , Wang Taozhi , Hou Wugang , Wang Minghui
Published: February 2025

Aims

Cognitive dysfunction represents a prominent symptom in numerous prevalent mental illnesses, with systemic inflammation induced by cytokines recognized as a critical factor contributing to cognitive impairments. However, a significant proportion of individuals exposed to systemic inflammation do not develop cognitive dysfunction; instead, they exhibit adaptive responses to this adverse condition. This study aims to investigate the neural activity patterns within the hippocampus and the potential mechanisms that mediate cognitive resilience, particularly in the context of inflammation.

Methods

We investigated the effects of systemic IL‐1β (Interleukin‐1β) on learning, spatial memory, and cognitive flexibility using the Barnes maze test (BMT). We further analyzed specific activity changes in the hippocampus of mice exhibiting cognitive resilience versus susceptibility through immunofluorescence, fiber photometry, and behavioral assessments. Additionally, we employed chemogenetic modulation to explore the role of dCA3 pyramidal neurons in cognitive inflexibility induced by systemic inflammation.

Results

Systemic inflammation induces cognitive inflexibility while leaving learning and memory intact. Notably, dCA3 activity was elevated in cognitively resilient mice compared to their susceptible counterparts. Fiber photometry data revealed higher activity in the dorsal CA3 (dCA3) when the mice approached the previous target quadrant during the reversal stage of BMT. Importantly, the activation of CaMKII+ pyramidal neurons in the dCA3 mitigated cognitive inflexibility induced by systemic IL‐1β administration.

Conclusions

Activation of hippocampal dCA3 neurons, rather than dentate gyrus (DG) neurons, enhances cognitive resilience by improving cognitive flexibility during BMT‐related paradigm shifting under sustained inflammation.
The Relationship Between the Dodd–Frank Act and the Cost Efficiency of US Banks
Authors: Minuci Eduardo G.
Published: February 2025

Motivated by the regulatory changes introduced by the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010, this study investigates its impact on the cost efficiency of US banks. Using a parametric cost frontier methodology previously linked to bank failure risk, the analysis reveals a 13% average decline in cost efficiency under the new regulatory framework. The study also examines the Act's potential heterogeneous effects across banks of different sizes, revealing that while larger banks are typically more efficient, the stricter regulatory oversight imposed on them by the Dodd–Frank Act reduced the efficiency gap with smaller banks.
Identification of Bacteria Isolated From Leaves of American Beech, Fagus grandifolia, Infested by the Foliar Nematode, Litylenchus crenatae (Nematoda: Anguinoidea), in New York, USA
Authors: Albu Sebastian , Starodumova Irina P. , Dorofeeva Lubov V. , Evtushenko Lyudmila I. , Subbotin Sergei A.
Published: February 2025

American beech (Fagus grandifolia) trees exhibiting symptoms of beech leaf disease (BLD) induced by the foliar nematode, Litylenchus crenatae, were found growing in Delmar, New York, USA, in 2019. Foliar symptoms included leaf drop, galling, and darkening associated with leaf curl. Bacterial isolates were cultured from infected leaf tissue and identified to genus by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and MALDI‐TOF‐MS profiling. In addition to many taxa with putatively environmental roles, strains of the genera Agrobacterium, Curtobacterium, Pantoea, Xanthomonas, as well as Erwinia and Pseudomonas were detected. Strains of the latter two genera have been previously associated with BLD, but isolates have not yet been identified at the species level. Phylogenetic trees generated from sequences of 16S rRNA and housekeeping genes (gyrB, rpoB, and rpoD) combined with MALDI‐TOF‐MS, showed that the isolates from nematode‐infected leaves of American beech belonged to the known plant pathogenic species C. flaccumfaciens, E. billingiae, E. rhapontici, Pa. agglomerans, and X. arboricola. The species affiliation of strains showing close relatedness to A. skierniewicense, A. vaccinii, Pa. alfalfae, Pa. ananatis, Ps. amygdali, Ps. cerasi, and Ps. syringae requires further support. The identities of other bacteria isolated from the same samples are also provided.
Integrating Landscapes of Fear and Energy Reveals the Behavioural Strategies That Shape Predator–Prey Interactions
Authors: Gil Michael A. , Michel Cyril J. , Olivetti Simone , Sridharan Vamsi , Hein Andrew M.
Published: February 2025

Disparate bodies of literature implicate risk avoidance and energy conservation as important drivers of animal movement decisions. Theory posits that these phenomena interact in ecologically consequential ways, but rigorous empirical tests of this hypothesis have been hampered by data limitations. We fuse fluid dynamics, telemetry, and attack data to reconstruct risk and energy landscapes traversed by migrating juvenile salmon and their predators. We find that migrants primarily use midriver microhabitats that facilitate migration at night. During daylight, predators become more aggressive in the midriver, and prey reduce midriver use in favour of nearshore microhabitats, resulting in increased energy expenditure and decreased migration efficiency. Predators attack most when migrants are not prioritising threat avoidance and during ephemeral periods of low lighting. Our findings suggest that predator–prey interactions result from an interplay between landscapes of fear and energy, which can determine the degree to which predators affect prey through mortality or fear.
Do European Seabass Larvae Grow Better in Their Natural Temperature Regime?
Authors: Damien Crestel , Alain Vergnet , Frédéric Clota , Marie‐Odile Blanc , Théo Navarro , Stéphane Lallement , Félix Moulard , David McKenzie , François Allal , Marc Vandeputte
Published: February 2025

Understanding how warming surface waters impact the larval growth of highly prized marine fishes such as the European seabass, Dicentrarchus labrax, is important for sustainable fisheries and aquaculture. We studied the growth of larvae from three genetically differentiated seabass populations, Atlantic (AT), Western Mediterranean (WM), and Eastern Mediterranean (EM), reared in a common garden under three thermal regimes, representative of seasonal changes in a relatively cold Atlantic (rAT), intermediate Western Mediterranean (rWM), and warm Eastern Mediterranean (rEM). Survival was higher in warmer regimes until larvae reached a length of 23 mm, after which there was no major difference. Growth was monitored from 20 days posthatch to 1.5 g, with individuals sampled at regular intervals and their population of origin identified by parentage assignment using their genotypes for 96 SNPs. Significant length differences emerged among populations, the AT population being longer than WM and EM in all thermal regimes. In conclusion, the AT population had higher growth than the WM and EM populations in all thermal regimes, not just in its own, and the AT population can be considered the most robust to temperature variations at the larval stage. Further research is required to understand whether the high growth rate of the AT population reflects a process of local adaptation to a relatively cold thermal regime.
Periostin in Bullous Pemphigoid: A Potential Biomarker of Disease Activity and Severity
Authors: Ran Yutong , Peng Xueting , Xia Yumin , Liu Hong , Liu Yale
Published: February 2025

Elevated periostin levels are commonly observed in conditions characterised by increased IgE and eosinophilia, such as bullous pemphigoid (BP), which typically presents with eosinophil infiltration and elevated IgE levels. To explore the link between periostin levels and key clinical parameters in BP, serum periostin levels were assessed in 55 classic BP patients and 55 healthy controls using ELISA. Upon admission, the BP Disease Area Index (BPDAI) score, autoantibody levels, and peripheral blood immune cells of BP patients were evaluated. The investigation also employed the Olink proteomic platform to analyse circulating proinflammatory biomarkers. The results indicated significantly higher periostin levels in BP patients, showing a strong positive correlation with BPDAI scores, which was more pronounced compared to the correlation between BPDAI scores and BP 180 IgG or eosinophil counts. Correlation analysis revealed positive links between periostin levels in serum and attributes such as urticaria/erythema lesions, total IgE levels, serum BP180 IgG, BP180 IgE, BP230 IgE, and blood eosinophil counts. The findings from the Olink proteomic analysis provided additional evidence of the connection between periostin and type II inflammation in BP, which was further validated by the observed positive correlation between periostin and IL‐13 using ELISA. Furthermore, it was observed that serum periostin levels decreased post‐effective treatment. Overall, this study underscores a compelling association between periostin expression and the activity and severity of BP, as well as its reflection of type II inflammation.
A Systematic Review on Text Summarization: Techniques, Challenges, Opportunities
Authors: Sharma Kanta Prasad , Yajid Mohd Shukri Ab , Gowrishankar J. , Mahajan Rohini , Alsoud Anas Ratib , Jadhav Abhilasha , Singh Devendra
Published: February 2025

Text Summarization (TS) is a technique for condensing lengthy text passages. The objective of text summarization is to make concise and coherent summaries that contain the main ideas from a document. When thinking about a page or watching a video, researchers or readers might imagine an abbreviated version which will just catch important parts only. This paper provides an overview of research work done by different authors on this field. There are numerous machine learning and deep learning‐based approaches and methods for implementing text summarization in practice because of several factors like time saving, increased productivity, effective comparative analysis, among others. In this article we explore the concept of text summarization as well as techniques, general framework, applications, evaluation measures within both Indic and Non‐Indic scripts. Additionally, the article brings out some related issues between text summarization and other intelligent systems such as script nature datasets architectures latest works, and so forth. Finally, the authors presented the challenges of text summarization, as well as analytical ideas, conclusions, and future directions for text summarization.
Beyond collectivism and individualism: Chinese international students' perceptions of contemporary child‐centered parenting
Authors: Liu Jiayi , Huang Qi , Park Hye‐Jin , Qin Desiree B.
Published: February 2025

Objective

This study explores the presence and cultural underpinnings of child‐centered parenting practices as perceived by Chinese international students from urban, only‐child Chinese families.

Background

Research indicates that contemporary urban Chinese families are experiencing a shift in parenting practices from family centered to child centered. However, existing construal of child‐centered parenting primarily relies on Western theories, lacking consideration of Chinese cultural values. There is also a need to comprehend youth interpretations of child‐centered parenting to understand its influence on children's development.

Method

We conducted interviews with 30 first‐year Chinese international students in the United States (16 female, 14 male) about their experiences within the family context since childhood. Thematic analysis was employed.

Results

Our analysis demonstrated the presence of child‐centered parenting in urban Chinese families and revealed socialization goals and four interlinked practices: (a) guiding, (b) nurturing, (c) supporting inclusive autonomy, and (d) investing in education. Three themes were identified regarding youths' mixed perceptions of child‐centered parenting.

Conclusion

Chinese society's transitional nature contributes to a combination of individualistic socialization goals and collectivistic practices. Youths generally perceive child‐centered parenting positively but feel overwhelmed and obligated in some circumstances.

Implications

Practitioners should incorporate both traditional and Western cultural values in developing parenting programs.
A naturally evolved metal ion transfer mechanism that improves the catalytic performance and stability of superoxide dismutase
Authors: Zhang Jingjing , Liu Jingjing , Wan Xuehua , Sun Linbo , Gong Jingbo , Li Jiabin , Wang Yijia , Zhao Fang , Wang Wei
Published: February 2025

Inadequate binding of metal ions is a major cause of low activity and loss of function in metalloenzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD). In this study, we report a previously undescribed metal ion transfer mechanism mediated by the metal ion binding domain (MIBD) of SOD, which significantly improves SOD activity and stability. MIBD is mainly found in the N‐terminal domain of SOD from Paenibacillus, which evolves under a metal ion deficient environment. MIBD can capture and transfer Fe2+ to the conserved functional domain of SOD (SODA) via inter‐ and intramolecular interactions to maintain and enhance enzymatic activity at different ion concentrations. MIBD also exhibits a similar positive effect on the activity and stability of SOD from other species. Moreover, MIBD does not affect the optimum temperature and optimum pH of SOD, but it increases SOD activity to varying degrees compared with SODA at different temperatures and pHs. This unique MIBD also significantly improves the resistance of SOD to protein denaturants and detergents such as Gdn‐HCl, Urea, and SDS, and improves physiological stability of SOD in simulated digestive fluids. This naturally evolved mechanism of SOD provides valuable insights into the design of well‐performing metalloenzymes.
Biophysical investigation of the molecular interaction between minichromosome maintenance protein 6 and Bloom syndrome helicase
Authors: Yang Min June , Lee Haeun , Kang Donguk , Park Chin‐Ju
Published: February 2025

The minichromosome maintenance protein (MCM) complex and Bloom syndrome helicase (BLM) are crucial components in DNA replication and cell division. MCM, a hexameric helicase that unwinds double‐stranded DNA, serves as an important diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for cancer cells and a target for anticancer drug development. BLM, associated with G‐quadruplex structures, is another key helicase in maintaining genomic stability. In this study, we investigate the interaction between MCM6 and BLM at the atomic level, as their expression levels are highly correlated in various cancer types, with elevated levels indicating poor prognosis. To elucidate the molecular basis of MCM6/BLM interaction, we employed fluorescence polarization anisotropy analysis, NMR chemical shifts perturbation analysis (CSP), and paramagnetic relaxation enhancement (PRE) experiments. MCM6 binding domain (MBD) C and D exhibit similar binding affinities to MCM6 winged‐helix domain (WHD). However, significant CSPs with MBD‐D and PRE experiments suggested that MBD‐D is closer to MCM6 WHD than MBD‐C. Despite both proteins containing numerous negatively charged residues, hydrophobic interactions govern the association between MCM6 WHD and BLM MBD‐D. This biophysical characterization of the MCM6/BLM interaction provides new insights into their functional relationship and challenges existing models. Our findings reveal that MCM6 binds BLM at a different site than its other known partner chromatin licensing and DNA replication factor. Understanding these protein–protein interactions at the molecular level may contribute to the development of novel anticancer therapies targeting the MCM6/BLM interaction.
Acoustic Emission‐Based Damage Pattern Identification and Residual Strength Prediction of Glass‐Fiber Reinforced Polymers
Authors: Xu Xiheng , Bi Xinyu , Li Zhuohan , You Yiliang
Published: February 2025

In this paper, the damage mechanisms and residual strength prediction models of unidirectional glass‐fiber reinforced polymers are investigated by acoustic emission (AE) technique. The material exhibits three damage modes: matrix cracking, fiber fracture, and interface damage. A novel AE descriptor, amplitude/centroid frequency (ACF), is introduced to differentiate interface damage from other damage modes. Moreover, the clustering analysis results are used as a training set for K‐nearest neighbor (KNN) and support vector machine (SVM) methods to realize real‐time classification. Prediction of residual strength of materials after pre‐fatigue is achieved by introducing AE cumulative counts into two regression analysis prediction models. Additionally, optimization of prediction results can be achieved by a certain kind of signals after clustering. The combination of AE and machine learning can realize real‐time residual strength prediction.
Soil Organic Carbon Storage of Different Soil‐Sized Fractions in Perennial Bioenergy Crops on Marginally Productive Cropland in Southern Canada
Authors: Osei Augustine K. , Thevathasan Naresh V. , Oelbermann Maren
Published: February 2025

Understanding carbon (C) storage in different soil‐sized fractions of perennial bioenergy crops enhances our knowledge of how these crops contribute to long‐term soil organic carbon (SOC) storage, with positive implications for mitigating climate change through C sequestration. However, the extent to which perennial bioenergy crops contribute C in different soil‐sized fractions remains unclear. Hence, this study investigated SOC contents under perennial bioenergy crops of Miscanthus (Miscanthus × giganteus L.), willow (Salix miyabeana L.), switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), and a successional site. We also quantified the C contribution of the bioenergy crops to different soil‐sized fractions using the δ13C natural abundance technique. After 12 years of cultivation, SOC contents to 30 cm depth increased by 2.5% and 3.1% in willow and Miscanthus, respectively, but decreased by 3.7% in switchgrass compared to baseline SOC data. SOC stocks ranged from 5686 to 7002 g C m−2 and were higher (p ≤ 0.050) in the successional site compared to switchgrass and willow, but not Miscanthus. Unlike switchgrass and willow, Miscanthus maintained SOC stocks comparable to the successional site even with annual biomass harvest. This implies that the ability of perennial bioenergy crops to influence SOC storage similar to regrowth vegetation on marginally productive cropland depends significantly on the crop species. Additionally, Miscanthus contained higher (p ≤ 0.013) SOC in micro‐sized and silt + clay fractions at 20–30 cm depth compared to the 0–10 and 10–20 cm depths and contributed the most C in all three soil‐sized fractions compared to switchgrass and willow. Our findings suggest that among the three bioenergy crops, Miscanthus has the greatest potential for long‐term C storage and stabilization in deeper soil depths on marginally productive croplands. This holds true even with annual biomass harvesting and the absence of fertilization, making Miscanthus a valuable contributor to climate change mitigation.
Impact of training healthcare professionals in the detection and management of neuropsychiatric comorbidities in people with HIV: The CONECTAR project in Spain
Authors: Blanch Jordi , Martinez Esteban , Mena Álvaro , Dueñas Carlos , Bernal Enrique , Cabello Alfonso , Hayek Marcelino , Mican Rafael , Morillo‐Verdugo Ramón , Sainz María , Conde Cristina González , Perez‐Valero Ignacio
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Although anxiety, depression and insomnia in people with HIV (PWH) are prevalent and have a major impact on clinical outcomes and quality of life, physicians fail to evaluate them routinely. The CONECTAR Project [Neuropsychiatric Comorbidity (NPC): Key to Antiretroviral Treatment] aimed to improve NPC clinical care in PWH in Spain by upskilling healthcare professionals (HCPs).

Methods

A group of HCPs developed a training programme, supported by national and international guidelines, to improve expertise on detecting and managing NPCs in PWH. The programme was conducted through workshops for physicians and nurses in various Spanish regions from April to November 2023; survey questionnaires were administered to physicians before the commencement of training and 15 days after. Later, a workshop was held for nurses who manage NPCs in PWH.

Results

The programme was completed by 64 physicians (22 had completed both questionnaires) and 11 nurses (no feedback obtained). Feedback from physicians reflected that the programme boosted awareness and self‐perception of being more qualified, knowledgeable and able to use management tools and resources. Physicians also reported improved perception of time available for visits and more frequent enquiries about patients' NPC symptoms. Despite their satisfaction with the workshops, half of the physicians recognized the need for more training.

Conclusion

The CONECTAR Project was a successful training programme that was well received and valued by HCPs who routinely manage NPCs in PWH. Institutions involved in HCP training to manage anxiety, depression and insomnia more effectively in PWH should consider similar proposals to reinforce clinical practices.