bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antibacterial activity of Actinomycetes symbiont with seaweeds: a prosperous agent of animal antibacterial
Authors: Negara Bertoka Fajar S.P. , Riyanti . , Marhaeni Bintang , Kusuma Aradea B.
Published: August 2016

Circulation of synthetic antibacterial chemicals which is used continuously can cause resistance to bacteria. Alternative synthetic antibiotics research then comes up as an urgent need. Recently, the discovery of new antibacterial agents is looking for Actinomycetes. Actinomycetes are one of the active marine bacteria which produce secondary metabolites that could be used as antibacterial. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activities of Actinomycetes symbiont with Halimeda macroloba, Gelidiella acerosa, and Turbinaria ornata in Pangandaran beach, Indonesia. A total of 41 Actinomycetes were isolated from 3 species of seaweed. Rep PCR amplification method was used to characterize and identify the relationship between samples. Primer BOX A1R (5’-CTACGGCAAGGCGACGCTGACGCTGACG-3’), 27F (5'-AGTTTGATCMTGGCTCAG-3') and 1492R (5'-TACGGYTACCTTGTTACGACTT-3') was used in amplification 16s DNA. Six isolates from the representative cluster dendogram were selected for secondary metabolites extraction using ethyl acetate solvent, meanwhile agar diffusion method was used as Antibacterial activity assay using E. coli, Proteus sp., and Enterobacter sp. as the bacterial test. The results showed that the activity of secondary metabolite extracts of Actinomycetes symbiont with Halimeda macroloba presented the highest inhibition zone on 3 bacterial tests. In the future, it could be a potential antibacterial agent against animal pathogenic bacteria.
Memory, nation and the crisis of location in Saadat Hasan Manto’s ‘Toba Tek Singh’
Authors: Parui Avishek
Published: August 2016

This article explores the entanglements of memory and the crisis of location in the context of the India–Pakistan Partition in 1947, as depicted in Saadat Hasan Manto’s short fiction. It will investigate how Manto’s fiction is reflective of the trauma of geographical and existential dislocation with the birth of two nations following a programme of political and epistemic violence and remapping. The study will place special focus on the entanglement of memory and madness alongside the broader issues of nation-formation, alienation and loss. It will examine the trauma of 1947 Partition as a psychological as well as existential crisis that often manifested itself in madness, aphasia and amnesia. With a special attention to the formal qualities of Manto’s short fiction, the article will investigate the human condition of shock and loss by drawing on trauma studies, phenomenology and cognitive psychological studies in episodic memory, unreliable narration and cognition. It will thus examine how the short story is formally and uniquely equipped to reflect the cognitive and phenomenological processes underpinning memory, narrativity and consciousness, especially in their unsettled states of being in a politically violent space. The article specifically focuses on the short story ‘Toba Tek Singh’, which depicts a diplomatically agreed exchange of madmen across the borders of the two newly formed nations of India and Pakistan and the absurdity in the systematized political processes underpinning citizenship, nationality and identity. It will investigate how madness emerges as an existential as well as an epistemic inwardness that resists political classification with its subversive articulation of agency and emotionality. Manto’s short story and fiction in general may be read as a complex analysis of transnational trauma, memory and crisis of existential identity. This article offers such a study.
Tunisian internal autonomy and the transformation of the French colonial empire
Authors: Ikeda Ryo
Published: August 2016

This article aims to examine the transformation of the French colonial empire. Immediately after the end of World War II, the principle of French colonial policy was assimilation, but in the mid-1950s, France suddenly changed its stance towards decolonization. This move would culminate in the year 1960, when most French overseas territories won independence. The turning-point is, as usually argued, the so-called Loi-cadre in 1956, which allowed self-government in each overseas territory. Few works, however, have addressed the question of how and why the French government decided to turn to decolonization. This work points to the links between Tunisian internal autonomy and sub-Saharan African affairs. Indeed, Paris’s decision to lead Tunisia to internal autonomy through the Carthage Declaration in July 1954 meant that France chose collaboration with the nationalists and adopted a new way of preserving its influence: decolonization. This calculation greatly prompted the French to embark on the reorganization of their colonial empire as a whole.
Transformations institutionnelles et développement économique dans la zone franc en Afrique de l’Ouest (1960–1990)
Authors: Duchaussoy Vincent
Published: August 2016

This article explores the transformations of the franc zone, a system of monetary cooperation between France and francophone Africa issued from the colonial era, from the decolonization to the end of the twentieth century. It seeks to explain the rationales that resulted in the preservation of this system, the most important being the turmoil in the international monetary system in the early 1970s. The transformation of the franc zone that took place in the 1970s was supposed to dedicate the monetary system to the funding of development, which was at the core of the political agenda at the time, as well as to reassign the monetary sovereignty to the African states. But in the 1980s the sovereign debt crisis led to an increasing control of the international institutions in charge of managing this crisis, while France gradually opted out. This evolution shows, in the long run, how the franc zone has become an international cooperation rather than a bilateral cooperation.
Reading between the lines: Identity issues in Kanak narratives and the agency of the storyteller
Authors: O’Connell Catherine
Published: August 2016

The repeal of l’indigénat in 1946 gave the Kanak all the rights associated with French citizenship. However, for many years afterwards, there was growing unrest that came to a head with les événements of the 1980s, when the proindependence groups clashed violently with government forces. This violence led to the signing, first, of the Matignon Accords in 1988 and the Noumea Accord in 1998. The Noumea Accord has set in motion the gradual and irreversible transfer of administrative powers to the colony under the supervision of the United Nations Decolonization Programme, culminating in a referendum (by 2018) to determine ultimate independence from France. It is critically important that the New Caledonians arrive at a functional model for such an arrangement and so, predictably, the practicalities involved have stimulated much discussion at all levels of society. Narratives are an important resource, allowing the reader to better understand cultural values and problems. Using ideas derived from critical discourse analysis, this article examines the emerging discussions in the literature written since the signing of the Accord, focusing in particular on a selection of works by Kanak authors.
Persistance du lien colonial français depuis l’abolition de l’esclavage à La Réunion et critique des figures de l’émancipation
Authors: Boqui-Queni Laëtitia
Published: August 2016

The aim of this article is to locate the continuity and transformation of the ongoing relationship beyond the formal decolonization laid down in the ‘departmentalisation’ of 1946 in France. Observers were already talking of the ambiguities of development back in the 1960s in France, while the effects of departmentalization in economic terms were already being felt in the 1970s. This article aims to present a critical genealogy through the study of ‘emancipatory’ discourses since 1848 (the year of the second abolition of slavery by France), and, in particular, by analysing different political arrangements. It also puts forward an analysis based on class, gender and race of the ways in which the subjectification of contemporary politics takes place in La Réunion.
‘Record store guy’s head explodes and the critic is speechless!’ Questions of genre in drone metal
Authors: Coggins Owen
Published: August 2016

This article examines questions of genre in the translocal and marginal music culture of drone metal, a radically slow and extended form of metal founded on extremes of amplification, distortion and repetition. I examine the tentative formation of genre in connections forged between musicians and between recordings, establishing sonic and symbolic conventions. I note the deliberate associations with bands (notably Black Sabbath) that situated this music as metal. I then turn to the role of listener discourse in constituting genre, attending to listeners’ experience of and communication about the key terms ‘drone’ and ‘metal’. After noting the importance of vagueness and ambiguity in genre designations, particularly in drone metal’s translocal marginality, I show that relevant genre characteristics for listeners include not just musical sounds but also affective, experiential, embodied and conscious subjective states. Finally, I suggest that treating genre as a constellation of points, viewed in different but related ways from different standpoints, is particularly useful in understanding drone metal as a loosely constituted genre with fragmented, disparate and intermittently connected audiences.
Authenticity, artifice, ideology: Heavy metal video and MTV’s ‘Second Launch’, 1983–1985
Authors: Mccombe John
Published: August 2016

Music video scholars have identified a ‘second launch’ of MTV during 1983–1985, a period when, as Andrew Goodwin writes, ‘MTV programmed heavy metal with a vengeance’. My article expands on the research of Goodwin, Lisa Lewis, Carol Vernallis and others in exploring the question of why metal emerged during this particular MTV era in the wake of British-based new pop, which had dominated the ‘first launch’ of MTV since August 1981. Central to my research is a more nuanced analysis of the metal subgenres that dominated programming between 1983 and 1985 – videos that are quite distinct both from the non-realist British new pop of bands such as ABC, Ultravox and Duran Duran and from the ‘hair metal’ that proliferated in the late 1980s.
Variabilidade do sistema corrente do Brasil associada aos cenários de mudanças climáticas A1F1 e B1
Authors: BÃ¶ck Carina Stefoni , Assad Luiz Paulo de Freitas , Landau Luiz
Published: August 2016

The aim of this work is to investigate the behavior of volume transport and advective heat flux patterns which are related to the Brazil Current System (BCS) according to the climate change scenarios suggested by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Changes. The results deriving from the global model Climate Model version 2.1 (GFDL-CM2.1) for future scenarios of climate change A1FI and B1 and for the scenario that represents the climate in the Twentieth Century (20C3M) have been used in this work. Volume transport and advective heat flux integrated for the whole BCS as well as for each water mass which constitutes the system have been calculated applying these data. Estimates were made for three zonal sections (23ºS, 25ºS and 30ºS) and then were used in the Wavelet Analysis. The performed analysis showed the occurrence of interannual variability for the estimated properties in the region. It also showed that the BCS shows changes in both intensity and variability of these parameters when comparing A1FI and B1 to 20C3M. Results from Wavelet Analysis for the total volume transport and advective heat flux integrated per section show that the period between three and six years prevails in sections 23ºS and 25ºS. The variability in 30ºS however, is significantly higher than eight years. It could also be observed the change of the variability of the total volume transport and heat flux temporal series towards higher frequencies when they are submitted to A1FI and B1 climate changes scenarios.
Television watching time and cognitive development in young children
Authors: Antari Anak Agung Ayu Windi , Windiani I Gusti Ayu Trisna , Ismail Djauhar
Published: August 2016

Background Television viewing for children is prevalent. Therehave been few Indonesian studies on the association betweenduration of television watching and cognitive development inyoung children.Objective To assess cognitive development in young children whowatched < 1 hour, 1-2 hours, or > 2 hours of television daily.Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study at 6 prekindergartensin Denpasar, Bah. We included 135 subjects in thisstudy. Cognitive development was measured by the Mullen ScalesofEarly Learning (MSEL). Data was analyzed by one-way analysisof variance (ANOVA) test, post-hoc test, and univariate analysisof covariance (ANCOVA) with significance level of P < 0.05.Results There were significant differences among compositestandard score in children who watched television < 1 hour, 1-2hours, and> 2 hours per day (P=0.035). The mean compositestandard score in children who watched television 1-2 hours dailywas 6.087 points higher than in those who watched television< 1 hour daily (P=0.013, 95%CI 1.29 to 10.88) and 4.213points higher than in those who watched television > 2 hoursdaily (P=0.045, 95%CI 1.08 to 8.51). There was an associationbetween television watching time and cognitive development(P=0.001).Conclusion Television watching time was statistically associatedwith cognitive development in young children, where thoseviewing television 1-2 hours daily scoring significantly higher thanthose viewing < 1 hour and > 2 hours daily. [Paediatr lndones.2012;52:32-7].
Accuracy of the Indonesian child development pre-screening questionnaire
Authors: Simangunsong Syahperlan Wendi , Machfudz Soeroyo , Sitaresmi Mei Neni
Published: August 2016

Background Early stimulation, detection and intervention areimportant for child development and are recommended in theearly years of childhood for optimal results. The Indonesianchild development pre-screening questionnaire, Kuesioner PraSkrining Perkembangan (KPSP), has been widely used in publichealth centers (PHC) and community health centers (CHC)in the country. Howevei; the accuracy of this test has not beenadequately assessed.Objective To assess the diagnostic value of KPSP as a prescreeningtool for child development compared to that of theDenver II developmental screening test.Methods We conducted a KPSP diagnostic study, using theDenver II test as a gold standard for comparison. Subjects werechildren aged 3 to 60 months. They were recruited from one ofthree settings: hospital, community (child care centers) or schools(kindergarten).Results Of 210 children recruited, 182 were included in ourstudy. The overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value(PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy of KPSPwere 68.8%, 86.6%, 64.7%, 88.6% and 81.9%, respectively. Thecomparison of diagnostic value based on age groups showed betterresults in the 3 - 24 month group than that of the older group.Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the younger group vs. theolder group were 92.3% vs. 60.0%, 78.6% vs. 87.5% and 85.2%vs. 81.3%, respectively.Conclusion The accuracy of KPSP compared to Denver II testwas good for the 3 - 24 month age group. However, this toolshould be revised for the older age group. [Paediatr lndones.2012;52:6-9].
Correlation of tobacco smoke exposure to intelligence quotient in preschool children
Authors: Natalia Nina , Masloman Nurhayati , Manoppo Jeanette C.
Published: August 2016

Background Exposure to tobacco smoke at home happens in 29-69% of children globally and 43% oflndonesian children. Smokeexposure during the developmental stage may affect cognitiveabilities, as measured by intelligence quotient (IQ). There havebeen few studies conducted on the correlation of tobacco smokeexposure to IQ. This is the first study of this type in Indonesia.Objectives To assess the correlation between tobacco smokeexposure and IQ in preschool children and to assess the correlationbetween serum cotinine levels and IQ in preschool childrenexposed to tobacco smoke.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Tumintingdistrict, Manado in January - May 2011. Subjects were collected byrandom sampling of 3-5 year-old children. In our study, 35 childrenwere deemed to have been exposed to tobacco smoke by serumcotinine ~ 0.05 ng/ml and 25 children were deemed to not havebeen exposed to tobacco smoke (cotinine < 0.05 ng/ml). Resultswere analyzed by t-test and simple correlation analysis using SPSSversion 17 software with a significance level of P < 0.05.Results There was a statistically significant difference in IQbetween the two groups, with mean IQ of 106.54 in the groupexposed to tobacco smoke and mean IQ of 109.36 in the group notexposed to tobacco smoke (P=0.01). The mean serum cotininelevel in the group with tobacco smoke exposure was 1. 77 ng/mL.There was no correlation between the mean level of cotinine andmean IQ in this group (r = -0.19 and P=0.14).Conclusions The mean IQ in the group with tobacco smokeexposure was lower than that of the group not exposed to tobaccosmoke. There was no correlation between mean serum cotininelevel and mean IQ. [Paediatr lndones. 2012;52: 106-10].
Tuberculosis score chart signs and symptoms in children with positive tuberculin skin tests
Authors: Yani Finny Fitry , Machmoed Rizanda , Marhefdison Marhefdison , Basir Darfioes
Published: August 2016

Background The Indonesian Pediatrics Respirology WorkingGroup (IPRWG) developed the tuberculosis (TB) scorechart to assist in diagnosing TB in community health centers(Puskesmas).Objectives To document signs and symptoms of the IPRWG TBscore chart, to analyze various combinations of these signs andsymptoms, and to compare these combinations in children withTB to those without TB, based on a TB score chart.Methods We performed a cross-sectional study from July toOctober 2008, in Padang, Bukittinggi and Pasaman. We recruitedchildren with known positive tuberculin skin tests (TST) from a2006 tuberculin survey. Questionnaires on signs and symptoms(IPRWG TB score chart) were completed and chest radiographswere obtained for all children. Subjects fulfilling a total score ofsix or more were considered to have a diagnosis of TB.Results We diagnosed TB in 78/285 (27.3%) subjects. A scorevalue of3 for the category of household contact (HHC) positivesmears was added in 21/78 subjects. However, the highest risk forTB disease was found in those diagnosed with no clear history ofHHC (58.9%; OR 192, 95% CI 22 to 1679). The highest riskfactors for TB were suggestive chest X-ray (34.6%; OR 9.2, 95%CI 3.6 to 23 .4) and fever lasting > 2 weeks (17.9%; OR 8, 95%CI 2.2 to 29.1), respectively. Of 46 children with TB diagnosisbut without HHC, the combination of undernourishment, lymphnode enlargement and suggestive chest X-ray was highest (28.2%).Individual or dual combination signs and symptoms were alsofound in children without TB diagnosis.Conclusion Various combinations of signs and symptoms couldlead to fulfillment of scoring for TB diagnosis. [Paediatr lndones.2012;5 2: 78-85].
Effect of adding tyndallized probiotics to the World Health Organization standard therapy for acute diarrhea in children
Authors: Fanny Kesatrianita Mawarni , Damayanti Wahyu , Juffrie Mohammad
Published: August 2016

Background Diarrhea is the major cause of morbidity and mortalityin children. Probiotics can decrease the frequency and durationof diarrhea. There are two types of probiotics, live and tyndallized.Tyndallized probiotics have been stetilized, so they are unable to produceactive metabolites, but may have an effect on human immunity.Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of supplementing WHOstandard therapy with tyndallized probiotics in children withacute, watery diarrhea.Methods We performed a randomized, single-blind, controlledtrial in children aged 3-60 months who were diagnosed with acute,watery diarrhea at Gunungsitoh General Hospital, Nias, NorthSumatera. Subjects were collected by consecutive sampling byway of parent interviews.Results One hundred subjects with acute, watery diarrhea weredivided into 2 groups of 50. One group was treated with onlyWHO standard therapy for acute, watery diarrhea. The othergroup was treated by WHO standard therapy with the additionof tyndallized probiotics. There were no significant differences inbasic characteristics between the two groups. Diarrheal durationfor the group receiving WHO standard therapy only was 3.95 ±1.3 days, while that of the group receiving both WHO standardtherapy and tyndallized probiotics was 4.6 ± 2.3 days (P > 0.05).Diarrheal frequency on the fifth day in the WHO standard therapygroup was 1.90 ± 0.99 times per day, while that of the tyndalhzedprobiotic group was 1.56 ± 0.67 times per day (P > 0.05).Conclusion There were no significant differences between WHOstandard therapy alone and WHO standard therapy with the additionof tyndallized probiotics for decreasing the duration and frequency ofdiarrhea in children. [Paediatr lndones. 2012;52:91-4].
Comparison of maternal anxiety scores in pediatric intensive care unit and general ward parents
Authors: Kartikahadi Lie Affendi , Soetjiningsih Soetjiningsih , Ardjana I Gusti Ayu Endah , Windiani I Gusti Ayu Trisna
Published: August 2016

Background Hospitalization of a child is known to be a dreadfuland stressful situation for parents. One study reported thatadmitting a child to a general ward caused mild anxiety to mothers,while admitting a child to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU)caused moderate anxiety to mothers.Objective To compare Hamilton anxiety scores of mothers whosechildren were admitted to the PICU to those of mothers whosechildren were admitted to the general ward.Methods A cross-sectional study was done on mothers ofchildren aged 1 month-12 years. Children were admitted toeither the intensive care unit or the general ward from October2010-January 2011. All subjects were assessed by Hamiltonanxiety scores and questioned for risk factors and other causesof maternal anxiety. Consecutive sampling was used to allocatethe subjects. Differences were considered statistically significantfor P < 0.05.Results Of the 72 subjects, the median Hamilton anxiety score inmothers of children admitted to the PICU was 20.5 (interquartilerange 14-29.75), higher than that of mothers of children admittedto the general ward (14, interquartile range 9-16.75). MannWhitneyU test revealed a statistically significant difference inscores between the two groups (P = 0.DO1). Ancova multivariateanalysis showed the admission location to be the only significantrelationship to Hamilton anxiety score (P = 0.0001).Conclusion Hamilton anxiety scores were higher for mothersof children admitted to the PICU than that of mothers withchildren admitted to the general ward. [Paediatr lndones.2012;52:95-8].
The effect of treatment for soil-transmitted helminthiasis on cognitive function in children
Authors: Sari Dewi , Ali Muhammad , Pasaribu Syahril
Published: August 2016

Background Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections affectone-third of the world's population. School-aged children arereported to have the highest prevalence and intensity of disease,resulting in impaired cognitive function, malnutrition andmorbidity.Objective To examine differences in cognitive function in STHinfectedchildren before and after treatment.Methods We conducted a randomized, open-label, controlled trialfrom November 2 008 - March 2009 in Aek Na bar a, Lab uh an BatuDistrict, North Sumatera Province. Subjects were primary schoolagedchildren with STH infection. Before intervention, data onage, sex, nutritional status, STH infection status and cognitivefunction were collected. Subjects were divided into two groupsby simple randomization. Group I received 400 mg albendazoleand group II received a placebo. Three months after intervention,cognitive function of subjects in both groups was reassessed. Datawas analysed by Student's t test, with P value of less than 0.05considered to be statistically significant.Results Cognitive tests with the Wechsler Intelligence Scale forChildren (WISC) were performed in 120 children infected withSTH. Sixty children received 400 mg albendazole and 60 childrenreceived placebo. Seven children were excluded and one droppedout from this study. Three months after the intervention, wereevaluated cognitive function and found significant differencesin the categories of digit span (P=0.024) and total IQ score(P=0.027) between the two groups.Conclusions Treatment of STH infection with albendazoleimproved cognitive function of children in comprehension, codingand digit span testing. Performance and full IQ scores were alsoimproved after treatment. [Paediatr lndones. 2012;52:99-105].
Factors associated with failure to wean children from mechanical ventilators
Authors: Wati Dyah Kanya , Pudjiadi Antonius , Latief Abdul
Published: August 2016

Background Patients with failure to wean from mechanicalventilators in 48 hours have increased risk of morbidity, howeveronly a few protocols can be used for children.Objective To assess possible factors associated with failure towean from mechanical ventilators in the pediatric intensive careunit (PICU).Methods This cross sectional study performed from June 2011 toJune 2012 had 124 subjects with 79 patients who were successfullyweaned and 45 patients who fail to be wean ed from mechanicalventilators. Data was analyzed by 2x2 contingency tables. Resultswith P value <0.05 were further analysis by logistic regressionmultivariate analysis.Results Factors associated with failure to wean from mechanicalventilators were abn ormal electrolyte (P= 0.001) and acidbase status (P <0.001), lower ratio between tidal volume(TV)/inspiration time (IT) (P<0.001), lower mechanical load(P <0.001), and longer duration of mechanical ventilator use(P<0.001). Multivariate analyses revealed that the significantrisk factors for failure to wean were TV/IT (OR6.0; 95%CI3.5 to7.5; P= 0.001) , mechanical load (OR 11.5, 95%CI 10.3 to 15.5;P= 0.002), and duration of mechanical ventilator use (OR 12.5;95%CI 8.5to 14.9; P=0.026).Conclusions Lower ratio of TV /IT and mechanical load, as wellas longer duration of ventilator use are factors associated withfailure to wean from a mechanical ventilator.
Breast milk vs. non-nutritive sucking to reduce pain from minor invasive procedures in neonates
Authors: Marisya Sevina , Tjipta Guslihan Dasa , Supriatmo Supriatmo , Azlin Emil
Published: August 2016

Background Neonates undergo many uncomfortable, invasiveminor procedures during their first hospital stay. Nonpharmacologicalinterventions may provide valuable alternativesfor pain relief in neonates during minor procedures.Objective To compare the analgesic effect of orally administeredbreast milk vs. non-nutritive sucking (NNS) in neonates whounderwent minor invasive procedures.Methods A randomized, open trial was performed at the Haji AdamMalik Hospital from September to December 2009. Subjects were 96healthy, term infants who received injections of either intramuscularhepatitis B immunization or vitamin K. Subjects were randomlyallocated into two groups, those were the breast milk group (n = 48)and the NNS group (n= 48). Breast milk and NNS were given twominutes before the injection. The events were recorded by videorecorder. Transcutaneous heart rate, oxygen saturation and cryingtimes were recorded. Two observers used the premature infant painprofile (PIPP) scale to evaluate all subjects.Result.s In the breast milk group, there was significant reduction inmeanPIPPscore (P= 0.001) and mean crying time (P= 0.03) comparedto the NNS group. There were no significant differences in mean PIPPscore and crying times between males and females (P= 0.4 and P=0.5,respectively). However, there was a significantly lower mean PIPP scorefor vitamin K injection than for hepatitis B immunization (P=0.002),although mean crying times were not significantly different (P= 0.06).We observed significantly less Oz desaturation at 150 seconds postinjectionin the breast milk group compared to that of the NNS group.However, there was no significant difference in heart rate between thetwo groups throughout the observation period.Conclusion Breast milk administered before an invasive minorprocedure effectively reduces pain in neonates. Breast milkadministered to neonates prior to injection has reduced mean PIPPscores, crying times, and Oz desaturation, compared to neonateswho received NNS in the form of pacifiers.
Mebendazole vs. mebendazole-pyrantel pamoate for soil-transmitted helminthiasis infection in children
Authors: Amelia Fereza , Ali Muhammad , Pasaribu Syahril
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackground Soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH) is the mostcommon infection in developing countries. Although it causeshigh morbidity, it is still difficult to find the efficacy dose ofantihelmintics for its treatment.Objective To determine the efficacy ofmebendazole and mebendazole-pyrantel pamoate in treating STH infection in children.Methods We conducted a randomized open-label controlled trialfrom July to September 2009 in Secanggang, Langkat District,North Sumatera Province, Indonesia, on primary school-agedchildren. Before the intervention, data on age, sex, nutritionalstatus, and STH infection status were collected. The childrenwere randomized into two groups. Children in group I received asingle dose of 500 mgmebendazole while they in group II receiveda single dose of 500 mg of mebendazole combined with 10 mg/kgBW of pyrantel pamoate. We examined subjects' stool specimenson days 7, 14, 21, and 28 after treatment to determine cure ratesand egg reductions. Statistical analyses were performed by Chisquare and student's Ttest with 95% confidence intervals and Pvalues of< 0.05 considered to be significant.Results We found that the cure rates were 95.4%, 78.5%, and893%for Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, and mixed (A lumbricoidesand T trichiura) infections, respectively, in the mebendazole group.The cure rates were 98.5%, 89.2%, and 90.2% for A lumbricoides,T trichiura, and mixed infections, respectively, in the mebendazolepyrantelpamoate group. Although the cure rate results were notsignificantly different between the 2 treatment groups, the total eggsper gram (EPG) was significantly lower for both A lumbricoides andT trichiura infections (P=0.001 and P=0.002, respectively) in thecombination therapy group than in the mebendazole alone group.Conclusion Mebendazole in combination with pyrantel pamoatehas higher efficacy than mebendazole alone in terms of faster eggreduction rates. However, the cure rates of these two antihelminticsregimens are similar.
Prevalence of dysfunction in sensory integration in kindergarten children
Authors: Surja Sem S. , Irawan Hendry , Ilyan Theresia , Fedriani Jessica , Winata Satyadharma M. , Irene Irene
Published: August 2016

Background Children with dysfunction in sensory integration(DSI) have difficulty effectively and efficiently interacting withtheir environment. It has been estimated that 5 to 10% ofchildrenwithout disabilities have DSI. Late assessment and interventionin children with this problem may significantly impact furtherdevelopment. To date, there is no available data on DSI prevalencein Indonesian children, which is crucial for better understandingof the DSI burden in the community.Objective To estimate the prevalence of DSI in North Jakartachildren using standardized screening tools.Methods Parents of kindergarten children from two privateschools in N orth Jakarta were given questionnaire packetsincluding the Family Information Questionnaire and Winnie Dunn'sShort Sensory Profile (SSP) to assess demographic data and parents'perceptions of their children with regards to DSI.Results Of 264 questionnaire packets distributed, 117 packetswere returned (44.3%). Most children were of Chinese ethnicityand aged 3 to 5 years. Of the 117 children, 49 children ( 41.9%)met the criteria for DSI (definite difference), 33 children (28.2%)were in the probable difference category for DSI, and 35 children(29.9%) were in the category of typical performance. The scores forthe parameters of under-responsive and visual/auditory sensitivitywere the most commonly observed in subjects in the definitedifference category. From all questionnaire packets, a total of18.56% of children in selected kindergartens in North Jakartamet the screening criteria for DSI, while an additional 12.5%were likely to have the disorder.Conclusion Based on parental reports, we find that 18.56% ofchildren from two private kindergartens in North Jakarta hadDSI, while an additional 12.5% are likely to have the disorder.
Probiotic therapy on children with allergic rhinitis
Authors: Luhulima Franky , Karyana IPG , Sumadiono Sumadiono
Published: August 2016

phils in nasal secretions of patients with allergic rhinitis may cause persistent nasal blockage. A common therapy for allergic rhinitis is oral or intranasal corticosteroids. However, corticosteroids carry the risk of disrupting growth and development in children. Probiotic treatment in allergic rhinitis patients works by manipulating the bacterial ecosystem of the digestive tract, stimulating the balance of Th1 and Th2 immune responses.Objective To assess the effects of probiotic supplementation on eosinophil levels in nasal secretions, duration of allergic episodes, and total nasal symptom scores in children aged 2-18 years with allergic rhinitis.Methods A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial was performed on children aged 2 to 18 years who visited Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar, between March to July 2012 due to allergic rhinitis. Fifty-five eligible subjects were involved in the study. Subjects were randomly allocated to receive either standard therapy (antihistamines) and probiotics or standard therapy and placebo for 30 days. Mann-Whitney test was used for statistical non-parametric unpaired samples analysis. P values of <0.05 were considered to be statistically significant.Results Fifty-five subjects with allergic rhinitis were randomized into either the probiotic group (27 subjects) or the placebo group (28 subjects). We found that the median (range) nasal eosinophil percentage reduction before the study compared to after 30 days of treatment was higher in the probiotic group than in the placebo group (34 (15-65) vs 6 (0-24) %, respectively, P<0.0001). Median (range) duration of allergic rhinitis episode in the probiotic group was shorter compared to the placebo group (48 (0-96) hours vs 72 (6-168) hours, respectively; P<0.0001). The median (range) total nasal symptom score was also lower in the probiotic group compared to the placebo group (2 (0-3) vs 5 (1-6), respectively; P<0.0001).Conclusion Probiotic supplementation reduces the percentage of nasal eosinophils, duration of allergic rhinitis episode, and total nasal symptoms.
Phototherapy for neonatal jaundice at distances of 20 cm vs 40 cm
Authors: Pratita Winra , Supriatmo Supriatmo , Tjipta Guslihan Dasa
Published: August 2016

Background Neonatal jaundice is one of the most common problems in newborns. Phototherapy is the most widespread treatment for lowering bilirubin concentration in neonates. Phototherapy may be more effective if the light source is placed closer to the neonate.Objective To compare the effectiveness of phototherapy with a 20 cm distance between the light source and the neonate vs a 40 cm distance for decreasing serum bilirubin concentrationMethods An open, randomized, controlled trial was conducted at H. Adam Malik and Pirngadi Hospitals in Medan from August 2009 to March 2010. Subjects were divided into two groups. One group (n=30) received phototherapy at a distance of 20 cm between the light source and the neonate, while the other group (n=30) received phototherapy at a distance of 40 cm. The inclusion criteria in the study were newborns presenting with neonatal jaundice in their first week of life. Serum bilirubin levels were measured at baseline, as well as after 12 hours and 24 hours of phototherapy.Results The mean total bilirubin levels of the 20 cm and 40 cm groups at baseline were 18.8 (SD 1.73) mg/dL and 17.7 (SD 1.46) mg/dL, respectively, not significantly different. After 24 hours of phototherapy, the mean decreases in total serum bilirubin levels of the 20 cm and 40 cm groups were significantly different with 7.6 (SD 1.01) mg/dL and 2.0 (SD 0.83) mg/dL, respectively, (P<0.05).Conclusion Phototherapy with a 20 cm distance between the light source and the neonate is more effective than a 40 cm distance for decreasing bilirubin levels at 24 hours in newborns with hyperbilirubinemia.
The proceedings of brain metastases from lung cancer
Authors: Zhao Hang , Li Guijie , Yu Chunlei , An Zhe
Published: August 2016

Brain tumors include primary tumors of various intracranial tissue and secondary intracranial tumors that transferred from other parts of the body. Secondary intracranial tumors are especially prevalent in patients with lung cancer. The mechanisms of lung cancer with brain metastases are complicated, they are affected by a variety of factors. Thus, identifying the mechanisms of lung cancer with brain metastases will have far-reaching meanings both for clinic pharmacy research and for a better quality of life for patients; Brain metastases from lung cancer represent a prevalent and challenging clinical dilemma, and some research suggests that the outcomes and characteristics of brain metastases that result from lung cancer primary sites are perhaps different than those from other primary sites, therefore increasing the difficulty of clinical treatment. Despite steady research developments during recent years, the survival rates remain poor. The mechanisms and therapeutic options for treating brain metastases arising from lung cancer are review in this article.
Congenital multinodular goiter in a neonate presenting with airway obstruction
Authors: Balachandran Binesh , Sundaram Venkataseshan , Saini Shiv Sajan , Mukhopadhyay Kanya , Dutta Sourabh
Published: August 2016

Background

Congenital goiter constitutes a rare cause of congenital neck masses. Goitrous enlargement can be associated with serious airway obstruction.

Case description

We report a term, girl baby with a large asymmetrical neck mass who presented on day 2 of life. Clinical examination revealed stridor and local examination showed an asymmetric nodular firm swelling with no signs of inflammation. The computerized tomography of the neck and fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) confirmed the swelling as being a multinodular goiter. The thyroid function test (TFT) was suggestive of hypothyroid status. Further investigations revealed the cause as being dyshormonogenesis probably secondary to a thyroglobulin synthetic defect. The baby was started on levothroxine supplementation (13 μg/kg/day); neck swelling markedly reduced with normalization of TFT over the next 3 weeks. To the best of our knowledge this is the first reported case of the presence of multinodularity in a baby with congenital goiter.
A Combinatorial Proof of a Result on Generalized Lucas Polynomials
Authors: Laugier Alexandre , Saikia Manjil P.
Published: August 2016

We give a combinatorial proof of an elementary property of generalized Lucas polynomials, inspired by [1]. These polynomials in s and t are defined by the recurrence relation 〈n〉 = s〈n-1〉+t〈n-2〉 for n ≥ 2. The initial values are 〈0〉 = 2; 〈1〉= s, respectively.
Derivable Maps and Generalized Derivations on Nest and Standard Algebras
Authors: Pan Zhidong
Published: August 2016

For an algebra A, an A-bimodule M, and m ∈ M, define a relation on A by R
Characterization of almost perfect nonlinear functions in terms of subfunctions
Authors: Gorodilova Anastasiya A.
Published: August 2016

The paper is concerned with combinatorial description of almost perfect nonlinear functions (APN-functions). A complete characterization of n-place APN-functions in terms of (n − 1)-place subfunctions is obtained. An n-place function is shown to be an APN-function if and only if each of its (n − 1)-place subfunctions is either an APN-function or has the differential uniformity 4 and the admissibility conditions hold. A detailed characterization of 2, 3 or 4-place APN-functions is presented.
Pulmonary exacerbation due to colistin-resistant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in a Bulgarian cystic fibrosis patient
Authors: Stoyanova Gergana P. , Strateva Tanya V. , Atanasova Svetlana T. , Miteva Dimitrinka S. , Papochieva Vera E. , Perenovska Penka I.
Published: August 2016

In patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) lung damage secondary to chronic infection is the main cause of death. Treatment of lung disease to reduce the impact of infection, inflammation and subsequent lung injury is therefore of major importance. As Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the dominant pathogen in CF patients it has been the major target of all treatment strategies, possible antibiotic regimens and recommendations for years. More sophisticated antibiotic therapies introduced over the last decades have helped to improve the prognosis in cystic fibrosis, but then new multidrug-resistant pathogens emerged.

We present a case of cystic fibrosis in a 16-year-old boy with pulmonary exacerbation due to colistin-resistant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. This case raises some interesting questions regarding the antibiotic policy and treatment options in our country for patients with CF and multidrug-resistant strains. Colistin is used at present in Bulgaria as a strategic last option for the CF patients but with the advent of new more drug-resistant strains therapeutic approach should change - for instance, there should be restrictions imposed on the use of levofloxacin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole which are regarded as “cheap and not so potent” antibiotics suitable for any infection and use them only in strict dependence on the respective culture results.
Mendelssohn and Kant on Mathematics and Metaphysics
Authors: Callanan John
Published: August 2016

The difference between the method of metaphysics and the method of mathematics was an issue of central concern for Kant in both the Pre-Critical and Critical periods. I will argue that when Kant speaks of the ‘philosophical method’ in the Doctrine of Method in the Critique of Pure Reason (CPR), he frequently has in mind not his own methodology but rather the method of conceptual analysis associated with rationalism. The particular target is Moses Mendelssohn’s picture of analysis contained in his submission for the 1763 Prize Essay competition. By the time of the first Critique, I argue, Kant wants to maintain his own longstanding commitment to the distinctness of the methods of metaphysics and mathematics. However, Kant wants to use this same analysis of the source of the distinction to diagnose the origins of the dogmatism that is engendered by the method of the rationalists.
Two SrII coordination compounds based on tetrazole-carboxylate ligands
Authors: Cao Meng-Jie , Miao Li-Li , Guo Meng-Yue , Yang Gao-Wen , Li Qiao-Yun
Published: August 2016

Two novel coordination compounds, [Sr(atzp)2(H2O)2]·CH3OH (1) and [Sr(dtzpha)(H2O)3]·4H2O (2) [Hatzp=5-aminotetrazole-1-propionic acid, H2dtzpha=1,3-di(tetrazol-5-yl)benzene-N2,N2′-diacetic acid)], have been generated by using 5-aminotetrazole-1-propionic acid and 1,3-di(tetrazol-5-yl)benzene-N2,N2′-diacetic acid to react with strontium salts, respectively. X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that carboxylic groups of two ligands show the same coordination mode (the μ
1,1,3-COO coordination mode), compound 1 displays a 1D structure while compound 2 shows a 2D structure, which implies the influence of the number of the carboxylic acid groups. Luminescence properties of 1 and 2 were investigated at room temperature in the solid state.
Selection of Filtration Methods in the Analysis of Motion of Automated Guided Vehicle
Authors: Dobrzańska Magdalena , Dobrzański Paweł , Śmieszek Mirosław , Pawlus Paweł
Published: August 2016

In this article the issues related to mapping the route and error correction in automated guided vehicle (AGV) movement have been discussed. The nature and size of disruption have been determined using the registered runs in experimental studies. On the basis of the analysis a number of numerical runs have been generated, which mapped possible to obtain runs in a real movement of the vehicle. The obtained data set has been used for further research. The aim of this paper was to test the selected methods of digital filtering on the same data set and determine their effectiveness. The results of simulation studies have been presented in the article. The effectiveness of various methods has been determined and on this basis the conclusions have been drawn.
Global Calibration Method of a Camera Using the Constraint of Line Features and 3D World Points
Authors: Xu Guan , Zhang Xinyuan , Li Xiaotao , Su Jian , Hao Zhaobing
Published: August 2016

We present a reliable calibration method using the constraint of 2D projective lines and 3D world points to elaborate the accuracy of the camera calibration. Based on the relationship between the 3D points and the projective plane, the constraint equations of the transformation matrix are generated from the 3D points and 2D projective lines. The transformation matrix is solved by the singular value decomposition. The proposed method is compared with the point-based calibration to verify the measurement validity. The mean values of the root-mean-square errors using the proposed method are 7.69×10−4, 6.98×10−4, 2.29×10−4, and 1.09×10−3 while the ones of the original method are 8.10×10−4, 1.29×10−2, 2.58×10−2, and 8.12×10−3. Moreover, the average logarithmic errors of the calibration method are evaluated and compared with the former method in different Gaussian noises and projective lines. The variances of the average errors using the proposed method are 1.70×10−5, 1.39×10−4, 1.13×10−4, and 4.06×10−4, which indicates the stability and accuracy of the method.
Calibration of Mineralization Degree for Dynamic Pure-water Measurement in Horizontal Oil-water Two-phase Flow
Authors: Kong Weihang , Li Lei , Kong Lingfu , Liu Xingbin
Published: August 2016

In order to solve the problem of dynamic pure-water electrical conductivity measurement in the process of calculating water content of oil-water two-phase flow of production profile logging in horizontal wells, a six-group local-conductance probe (SGLCP) is proposed to measure dynamic pure-water electrical conductivity in horizontal oil-water two-phase flow. The structures of conductance sensors which include the SGLCP and ring-shaped conductance probe (RSCP) are analyzed by using the finite-element method (FEM). In the process of simulation, the electric field distribution generated by the SGLCP and RSCP are investigated, and the responses of the measuring electrodes are calculated under the different values of the water resistivity. The static experiments of the SGLCP and RSCP under different mineralization degrees in horizontal oil-water two-phase flow are carried out. Results of simulation and experiments demonstrate a nice linearity between the SGLCP and RSCP under different mineralization degrees. The SGLCP has also a good adaptability to stratified flow, stratified flow with mixing at the interface and dispersion of oil in water and water flow. The validity and feasibility of pure-water electrical conductivity measurement with the designed SGLCP under different mineralization degrees are verified by experimental results.