bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Potiphar’s Wife in David’s Looking Glass: Reading 2 Samuel 11–12 as a Reflection Story of Genesis 39
Authors: Postell Seth D.
Published: August 2021

Though the parallels between Joseph and David have been well noted, the numerous literary links between Joseph’s exemplary behaviour with Potiphar’s wife on the one hand and David’s disgraceful behaviour with Bathsheba on the other has gone by largely unnoticed. In this article, we analyse 2 Samuel 11–12 as a reflection story of Genesis 39, noting the numerous parallels and striking contrasts. Given the many allusions to Joseph in 1 Samuel, the reader expects to see only Joseph’s reflection in David’s mirror in 2 Samuel 11–12, but finds Potiphar’s wife looking back at David as well.
The Typological Expectation of Psalm 68 and its Application in Ephesians 4:8
Authors: Greever Joshua M.
Published: August 2021

Paul’s use of Psalm 68:18 in Ephesians 4:8 has historically been a crux interpretum for New Testament hermeneutics and Pauline scholars alike, for Paul appears to misapply the features of the psalm to Christ. In light of recent scholarship, this paper argues that Paul’s apparent misapplication of the psalm is resolved by a proper recognition of the psalm’s typological framework. Paul applied Psalm 68:18 to Christ in light of the psalm’s typological expectation and its redemptive–historical fulfilment in Christ. The psalm’s typological indicators are evident in view of its retrospective and prospective orientation and the probable allusions to Exodus 15 and Judges 5. YHWH’s ascension, captives, and gifts in Psalm 68:18 correspond to and anticipate a greater ascension, captives, and gifts. The eschatological interpretation of the psalm explains its use in Ephesians 4:7-16, for it sheds light on the unusual appearance of διό introducing the citation, the textual modifications Paul introduced to the citation, Paul’s choice of Psalm 68:18 in particular, and Paul’s emphasis on ministers of the word in Ephesians 4:11-16. This analysis absolves Paul from the charge of hermeneutical insensitivity and aptly illustrates his hermeneutical approach to the Old Testament Scriptures.
The Patristic Roots of Satisfaction Atonement Theories: Did the Church Fathers Affirm Only Christus Victor?
Authors: Meyer James David
Published: August 2021

In his work Christus Victor, Gustaf Aulén argued that Anselm of Canterbury’s account of the atonement was foreign to ancient Christian belief. In particular, Aulén argued that Anselm diverged from the original understanding of the doctrine as presented by the church fathers. Aulén argued that the Eastern church rightly endorsed a model of the atonement that he called the ‘classic view’, while Anselm in the West later wrongly developed a theory of satisfaction that Aulén called the ‘Latin’ view. This critique, by extension, applies to other ‘Anselmic’ theories of atonement such as penal substitution that, like Anselm’s, also affirm that Christ’s death in some way satisfied God’s requirements in response to human sin. Patristic literature shows, however, that Aulén’s conclusion is more imposition than exposition. Fathers from both East and West commonly advanced theories that comport well with what Aulén called the Latin view alongside Christus Victor.
Well-Being Matters: An index to measure student thriving
Authors:   Character Lab, Duckworth Angela
Published: August 2021

According to Google Ngram, which tracks the popularity of words and phrases in books, well-being is having a moment. But the moment, I think, will last the millennia. Because a concern for well-being is not a passing fad—it’s a permanent transformation. Around the globe, policymakers are prioritizing well-being. Why? Because our lived experience as human beings matters as much as the bales of cotton, kilowatts of energy, and gigabytes of information that we, as a society, produce each year. And the pandemic has only added to the concern, for adults and children alike. How are the young people in your life feeling right now? Are they thriving, languishing, or somewhere in between? Do you know?
n. 40 - AS TRANSFORMAÇÕES DO SISTEMA EDUCACIONAL DO CHILE: A PARCERIA PÚBLICO-PRIVADA E A PRIVATIZAÇÃO DOS RECURSOS
Authors: Kroeff Susin Maria Otília , Mendonça Juliana
Published: August 2021

O objetivo central deste texto é mostrar como se desenvolveu o processo de privatização da educação pública no Chile, engendrado desde os tempos do regime militar, período em que foi imposto um programa de reformas políticas de vertente neoliberal, que estabeleceu uma economia de livre mercado, na qual sujeitos privados passaram a intervir na esfera pública. Após a ditadura, as lutas dos movimentos estudantis, aliadas a uma legislação permeada de avanços e retrocessos, são elementos que dão forma ao Sistema Nacional de Educação chileno. A presença do setor privado no direcionamento das políticas públicas e nas parcerias com o Estado passam a ser constantes dentro e fora das escolas. Nesse contexto, de múltiplos sujeitos atuando de diferentes formas, muitos deles dependentes de subsídios estatais, busca-se investigar quem são e como agem, não no sentido de exaurir a pesquisa, mas de tentar encontrar, por meio de alguns exemplos, respostas para os problemas dessa pauta privatizadora. Pretende-se discutir, ainda, sobre a configuração dessa lógica de mercado na educação do Chile que, somada a fatores da economia neoliberal, levou o país a uma crise de âmbito político-democrático, eclodida em 2019, na qual cidadãos chilenos pleiteiam direitos e acesso igualitário a uma educação de qualidade para as diferentes classes sociais.
n. 42 - FILANTROPÍA ESTRATÉGICA Y EDUCACIÓN. APUNTES A PARTIR DE LA REFERENCIA A UN CASO EN URUGUAY, ARGENTINA Y BRASIL
Authors: Martinis Pablo Lopez
Published: August 2021

El texto aborda una forma específica de intervención del sector empresarial privado en la educación: el financiamiento de experiencias educativas. Partiendo de la base de los procesos globales descritos por Ball (2014) consistentes en el desmontaje de la responsabilidad de los estados nacionales por el desarrollo de la educación púbica y su sustitución por alternativas basadas en lógicas de mercado, el texto se detiene en una caracterización de formas de filantropía estratégica en Uruguay, Argentina y Brasil. Tomando como base la modalidad de “donaciones especiales” existente en Uruguay, mediante la cual se estimula a través de exoneraciones fiscales el financiamiento por parte de empresas de proyectos educativos, se centra el análisis en la empresa que mayores montos de recursos dona en Uruguay: Tenaris Global Services. Se da cuenta de la estructura de promoción de proyectos educativos propios que tiene montada esta empresa, mostrando inicialmente su actuación en Uruguay, Argentina y Brasil. A partir del análisis de este caso, se aprecia como la empresa privada articula iniciativas que van desde la cooperación con fundaciones ubicadas en el ámbito privado hasta secretarías de educación de nivel municipal. En su conjunto, el trabajo pretende ser una introducción a un conjunto de estudios en desarrollo acerca de la expansión de soluciones de mercado para los problemas de la educación pública y su vínculo con formas de filantropía estratégica.
A comparative look at divorce, laws and the best interests of the child after parental separation in Brazil and England
Authors: Mendes Josimar Antônio de Alcântara , Ormerod Thomas
Published: August 2021

A preservação dos melhores interesses da criança/adolescente (MICA) nos casos de disputa de guarda e convivência após a separação conjugal é uma tarefa difícil para os atores jurídicos envolvidos nesses casos. Existem alguns fatores que desempenham um papel significativo nesse contexto, ao modificar e/ou moldar o processo legal e o processo de tomada de decisão. Assim, a depender da dinâmica apresentada por esses fatores, o processo de tomada de decisão pode ser mais ou menos difícil. Este artigo apresenta uma revisão narrativa de literatura que teve como objetivo trazer uma visão comparativa entre os processos legais no Brasil e na Inglaterra, bem como questões contextuais envolvidas na disputa de guarda após a separação conjugal. Nesse sentido, são discutidos entendimentos e orientações legais quanto aos MICA, assim como regulações legais relativas à relação parento-filial e divórcio nos dois países. Revela-se que questões legais e culturais podem moldar esses entendimentos e orientações, o que pode levar a diferenças significativas no processo judicial referente à guarda de crianças em ambos os países. Assim, destacam-se e se discutem diferenças culturais e jurídicas relevantes entre o common law inglês e o civil law brasileiro (e.g., concepções sobre ‘guarda’; poder familiar; arranjos de guarda; e o processo judicial em processos de guarda e convivência), as quais podem impactar o processo de tomada de decisão e os melhores interesses da criança.
Como o direito pensa: em busca de uma epistemologia construtivista do direito
Authors: Teubner Gunther , Laskowski Lui Martinez , Fonseca Angela Couto Machado
Published: August 2021

Tradução para o português a partir de original em inglês (original: TEUBNER, G. How the Law Thinks: Toward a Constructivist Epistemology of Law. Law & Society Review, [s. l.], v. 23, n. 5, p. 727-757, 1989. doi:10.2307/3053760) [N. do E.].
Estudio comparativo del sindrome de burnout en una muestra multiocupacional ecuatoriana
Authors:   Universidad Central del Ecuador, Barral-Coral Sandra
Published: August 2021

Desde que se iniciaron los estudios sobre el síndrome de burnout hasta la actualidad se ha visto que cualquier profesión puede padecerlo ya sea en sus tres manifestaciones o iniciar con alguna de ellas, su inclusión como enfermedad relacionada con el trabajo pone de manifiesto la necesidad de su abordaje de forma integral, toda vez que tiene nexos con múltiples patologías mentales y biológicas subsecuentes. El objetivo de esta investigación fue comparar su forma de presentación en diferentes ocupaciones para diseñar un conjunto de intervenciones personalizadas que se aplicaron durante un año y medir el impacto inicial de estas, por lo que tuvo un diseño longitudinal de dos años con alcance descriptivo. Se utilizó el instrumento Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) y se encontró una prevalencia de entre 3,99 y 48,12. En las comparaciones realizadas se evidenció significancia estadística entre las diferentes manifestaciones y las cohortes estudiadas. Las acciones de promoción de la salud alcanzaron a un 82,48% de personas, de quienes acudieron a tratamiento psicológico, el 52,91% recibió el alta y el 93,38% de los diagnósticos médicos que se otorgaron a los que necesitaron este tipo de atención, confirman lo encontrado en la literatura. Sobre el impacto del programa aplicado, se observó disminución significativa del síndrome, sobre todo en las manifestaciones realización profesional y despersonalización. Se requiere complementar este estudio con otras variables de tipo ambiental y sociodemográfico, pero se sugiere la permanencia de las intervenciones sobre factores relacionados con el burnout y el trabajo personalizado en sus manifestaciones. Palabras claves: burnout, promoción, prevención, tratamiento.
A Case Study of Topnotchers' Preparations and Contributory Attributes in Passing the Licensure Examination for Teachers
Authors: Albite Richel
Published: August 2021

This paper explores the Licensure Examination for Teachers (LET) experience of Bachelor in Elementary Education (BEEd) topnotchers of the University of Southeastern Philippines (USeP) Tagum-Mabini. This qualitative single case study sought to determine topnotchers preparations and attributes deemed contributory  to  successful topping of the LET. Data were obtained through interviews from  the seven (7) purposively sampled participants who were the pioneering batches of LET topnotchers in the BEEd program, covering years 2011-2015. Semi-structured in-depth interviews (IDIs) were conducted to gather results for an information-rich case study. Qualitative data analysis was applied identifying emergent categories and themes based on participants quotes excerpted from interview transcripts. Findings indicate that BEEd topnotchers preparations consisted of the following: goal setting and knowing oneself; interest in reading and overlearning the material; being test-wise and understanding the nature of the LET; and attending a LET review program and committing to it. Five strong contributory attributes were also revealed such as: having metacognitive test-taking skill; strong faith in God; good support system; solid foundation in college; and active participation in a study group. Majority of them expressed their College  (the College of Teacher Education and Technology) contribution and influence to their success through competency-based  instruction,  quality  faculty  and LET-type assessment. More intensive and extensive training and enhancement which focuses on the identified preparations and contributory attributes may be targeted to produce a common ground for effective teaching-learning practice for future graduates.
GIS-Based Land Suitability Analysis for Solar Powered Irrigation System in Non-Irrigated Rice Production Areas of Davao Del Norte
Authors: Cogay Sheila , Amplayo Ireneo , Bayron Roland , Cantones Ruben
Published: August 2021

The Solar-Powered Irrigation System (SPIS) flagship program of the Department of Agriculture (DA) has been undertaken with the purpose of creating a vibrant agricultural economy, but its provision is currently limited due to its budget allocation. Because of this, detailed information and accurate planning are essential in identifying the most suitable locations for SPIS installation, optimizing system potential and maximizing limited resources. This study aimed to develop a provincial land suitability map of SPIS that will serve as a tool for farmers, Local Government Units, and other interested entities. Its result was obtained by combining the Analytical Hierarchy Process and the Geographical Information System Weighted overlay technique. The obtained data indicates that 0.10% (334.93 ha), 29.40% (102,696.34 ha), 37.24% (130,078.61 ha), 4.79% (16,746.29 ha) and 28.47% (99,439.60 ha) of Davao del Norte province are positioned in extremely, highly, moderately, less, and unsuitable areas, respectively. Extremely suitable areas are found in Samal (314 ha), Sto. Tomas (15 ha), and Panabo (7 ha), with non-irrigated rice production areas of 67 ha, 288 ha, and 125 ha, respectively. Asuncion and Kapalong have the highest non-irrigated rice areas of 739 and 721 hectares, respectively, with a total rating of 90% for highly suitable (22,097.95 ha) and 29% (11,241.40 ha) for moderately suitable. Non-irrigated rice areas intersect mostly in highly suitable regions; it is highly recommended that these municipalities are prioritized in establishing SPIS projects.
Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Soils under Cacao Production System in Davao de Oro, Philippines
Authors: Villason Nelvin , Olguera Dernie
Published: August 2021

The study was conducted to understand the physico-chemical characteristics of the soils under cacao production system in Davao de Oro, Philippines. Eight (8) cacao farms were selected for detailed field characterization and sampling of soils for various nutrient analyses. Fertility status of each selected farm was determined by comparing the fertility properties of each soil with the critical nutrient level requirement for cacao. Results showed that most of the soils have a dark brown soil color in the upper horizons, and dark, yellowishbrown in the lower horizons. They range from moderately deep to very deep soil profile (19 to 150 cm), with very friable to extremely firm when moist, slightly sticky to very sticky, and slightly plastic to very plastic when soil consistence is wet. Lower elevations had shallow solum with high water table, resulting in the development of mottles and redoximorphic properties. The amount of clay ranged from 9 to 37%, with 18 to 40% for silt, and 30 to 68% for sand. Most of the cacao farms were intercropped with coconut, durian, lanzones, rubber, and banana. Most of the soils are moderate to slightly acidic, with pH values < 6.5 and CEC ranging from 10 to 34 meq/100g. Moreover, most of the areas have low organic matter (1.66%) except for the areas which continually applied organic matter during fertilization (4.60%). The amount of nitrogen (N) is optimum; however, phosphorus (P) was generally deficient in the soils of most cacao farms surveyed, while amount of potassium (K) ranges from 41.30 to 375.60 mg/kg.
How do practically trained (student) caregivers in nursing homes learn? A scoping review
Authors: Muller-Schoof Irene J.M. , Verbiest Marjolein E.A. , Stoop Annerieke , Snoeren Miranda , Luijkx Katrien G.
Published: August 2021

Background and objective: Practically trained (student) caregivers (further: caregivers) make up the majority of care staff in nursing homes (NHs). To keep up with the fast-changing healthcare environment and ensure a high quality of care, it is important to know how to stimulate continuous work-based learning (WBL) among this group. The purpose of the study was to systematically study the scientific literature published to date on (1) how caregivers learn in NHs and (2) what facilitates or impedes their learning.Methods: A scoping review was carried out, systematically searching six scientific databases. A total of 35 studies published from January 2009 to February 2021 were included. Study characteristics, learning mechanisms, facilitators, and barriers to learning were extracted and synthesized.Results: None of the studies specifically focused on how caregivers learn. Yet, we identified various learning mechanisms, and found that learning by theory or supervision was most frequently engaged in. Most learning mechanisms used among the groups in the included studies were planned and formal and developed and initiated by others out of the context. Three main themes were identified among the facilitators and barriers of WBL: individual learning, collective learning, and resources for learning. An interdependency between (sub)themes was found.Conclusions: The way caregivers in NHs learn is understudied. Moreover, both their informal learning and the support they receive to be(come) active learners has been overlooked. As WBL provides caregivers with opportunities to learn within a real-life setting, we suggest more research on informal learning mechanisms.
The Kid’s Kid(’s) Bed: Generic or Possessive? A Mandarin Insight
Authors: Bai Bing , Dong Xin , Poisson Tyler , Yang Caimei
Published: August 2021

The recursive computational mechanism generates an infinite range of expressions. However, little is known about how different concepts interact with each other within recursive structures. The current study investigated how Mandarin-speaking children dealt with possessives and generics in recursive structures. The picture-matching task showed that Mandarin-speaking children 4 to 6 had a bias for generics in ambiguous possessive constructions in Mandarin, where the genitive maker was covert (e.g., Yuehan de baobao chuang John’s kid bed, where baobao chuang kid bed has both a generic interpretation and a referential interpretation). It was found that that Mandarin-speaking children below 6 had a non-recursive interpretation of the possessive John’s kid(’s) bed, and instead understand kid’s bed to refer generically to a type of bed. This finding suggests that semantics does not parallel syntax in the acquisition of indirect recursion, in line with the prediction of the generic-as-default hypothesis which claims that generics are the default mode of representation of ambiguous statements when the statement can be either generic or non-generic. The delayed recursive possessive interpretation suggests that the full determiner phrase is acquired later than a noun phrase modification, which is universal in all languages. We also discuss the role of the overt functional category in the acquisition of indirect recursion.
Predictors of Graduate Students’ Research Performance in the Philippine State-Run Higher Education Institution
Authors: Casanova Venessa Sualog
Published: August 2021

This descriptive study determined the predictors of research performance of the graduate students in Occidental Mindoro State College, San Jose, Occidental Mindoro, Philippines. This research specifically looked into the graduate students’ level of research performance, attitude towards research, challenges encountered, and the strategies employed to cope with the research challenges. A total of 41 completely enumerated students enrolled in Methods of Research and Thesis Writing during the second semester of Academic Year 2018-2019 served as respondents of the study.

The study found that the graduate students’ level of research performance is high, specifically in writing the statement of the problem, hypothesis, significance of the study, and definition of terms. They have a positive attitude towards research in terms of usefulness and predispositions. They have negative research anxiety. Challenges encountered include insufficient funds, developing interest, inability to select researchable topics, and limited related literature. Coping strategies employed were frequent consultations with the adviser, seeking help from other competent faculty and students, using technology, and giving material appreciation. Attitude and challenges encountered were found to be predictors of the graduate student’s research performance. A positive attitude towards research and the moderate challenges encountered could affect the graduate student’s research performance.
COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING AND SAFETY DETERMINANTS IN THE WORK OF A TRAIN DRIVERS
Authors: Kata Grzegorz , Poleszak Wiesław
Published: August 2021

The reports of committees investigating the causes of rail accidents indicate the significance of the so-called human factor (e.g. UTK, 2019). In addition to issues related to perso nality functioning, the organization and culture of work, this also includes variables related to the cognitive functioning of train drivers themselves. These are significant factors that determine the occurrence of accidents that result from ignoring or not spotting railway signals and signs. The purpose of this study was to verify the relationship between cognitive functioning and safety determinants, which was measured using an eye-tracking technique. The application of this technique was intended to check its usefulness in the field of railway traffic safety and to achieve an approximate simulation environment of the real working conditions of a train driver.

In the present study, the Vienna Test System was used as a me - thod for the determination of cognitive functioning. Based on the variables described in the subject literature, the following tests were applied: Determination Test, Visual Memory Test, Visual Pursuit Test, Reaction Time, Cognitrone, Signal Detection and Vigilance. In addition to computer cognitive tests, an eye-tracking test method was designed based on a film recorded in real train-driving situation. Measures describing areas of interest (AOI) that are crucial for safety were analysed. Due to the pilot nature of the research, only 10 passenger train drivers participated in the study.

The results of the study showed a link between the cognitive functioning of the train drivers and visual security determinants. Significant correlations were found with stress tolerance resulting from cognitive overload, visual memory, alertness and concentration ability under time pressure.

The study confirmed the significant role of the train driver's cogni- tive functioning in the analysis and perception of safety-critical signals. The use of an eye-tracking method has delivered results that are in agreement with studies based on other methods. This pro- vides a sound basis for the continuation of research using eye- tracking in the assessment of rail transport safety. In the future, the research should be extended to include an analysis of the effect of demographic and situational variables (types of signalling devices and signage) and a broader model of the relationship between cog- nitive functioning and the driver's visual attention. This will provide data that is crucial for the prevention of railway incidents and the development of training plans for train drivers.
PEDAGOGICAL COMPETENCES OF PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS IN THE ASSESSMENT OF TEACHERS AND PARENTS
Authors: Czajka Zdzisław
Published: August 2021

The article presents the scope and level of competences of primary school teachers defined in legislation and their assessment by teachers and parents in terms of the requirements of the teaching and education process. The article uses research among 210 teachers. Article presents: the requirements of competence, the assessment of the implementation of the standards of education in pedagogical studies, the impact of learning outcomes on the development of competences, the impact of professional promotion on the development of competences, the usefulness of different competences in the teaching and education of children are presented. Many teachers see skills gaps, not all competences are used to work with children. Teachers see an increase in their competences mainly as their professional experience and level of professional advancement increase. There are differences in competence assessment between teachers and parents. For parents, the most important thing is the competences supporting the teaching process
Identifying Place Distinctiveness Through Cultural Resource Mapping
Authors: Azmi Nur Farhana , Ahmad Faizah , Ali Azlan Shah
Published: August 2021

Regardless of their size, every town, city, or more generally each place, has its own beautiful, unique and distinct characteristics. However, only few studies have provided valuable information on exceptional and unique features that can contribute to the distinctiveness and identity of small-scale towns. It is important to identify these cultural resources, especially now that the identity of small towns is rapidly weakening. This study explored the significance of cultural resource mapping as an important technique for identifying the unique characteristics of a place. A questionnaire survey was conducted amongst a random sample of 119 local community members in Sungai Lembing, a small town in the state of Pahang, Malaysia, to investigate respondents’ mental representations of familiar features that they experience in the town, through cultural mapping. It was revealed that natural features, buildings, and non-building structures were seen by the respondents as the most dominant elements that constitute the individuality of their town. While deepening the community’s understanding and awareness of their cultural assets, this paper also highlights the significance of cultural mapping as a tool for identifying unique characteristics of a place, especially those that may have been previously overlooked.
 
Abstrak. Terlepas dari ukurannya, setiap kota atau lebih umum lagi suatu tempat, memiliki keindahan, keunikan dan karakter tersendiri. Namun, hanya sedikit penelitian yang memberikan informasi berharga tentang fitur luar biasa dan unik yang dapat berkontribusi pada kekhasan dan identitas kota skala kecil. Oleh karena itu, penting untuk mengidentifikasi sumber daya budaya tersebut terutama dalam kondisi saat ini di mana identitas kota kecil dengan cepat melemah. Makalah ini mencoba mengeksplorasi pentingnya pemetaan sumber daya budaya sebagai teknik penting untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristik unik suatu tempat. Survei kuesioner dilakukan di antara sampel acak dari 119 komunitas lokal di Sungai Lembing, sebuah kota kecil di negara bagian Pahang, Malaysia; untuk menyelidiki representasi mental responden dari fitur-fitur yang sudah dikenal yang dialami di kota melalui pemetaan budaya. Studi ini mengungkapkan bahwa fitur alam, bangunan dan struktur non-bangunan digambar oleh responden sebagai elemen dominan yang membentuk individualitas kota. Sambil memperdalam pemahaman dan kesadaran masyarakat akan aset budaya mereka, makalah ini juga menyoroti pentingnya pemetaan budaya sebagai salah satu alat penting dalam mengidentifikasi karakteristik unik suatu tempat terutama yang mungkin sebelumnya diabaikan.
 
Kata kunci. pemetaan budaya, dokumentasi, identitas, tempat, kota kecil.
Ocean Regime Shift is Driving Collapse of the North Atlantic Right Whale Population
Authors:   University of South Carolina, Meyer-Gutbrod Erin , Greene Charles , Davies Kimberley , Johns David
Published: August 2021

Ocean warming linked to anthropogenic climate change is impacting the ecology of marine species around the world. In 2010, the Gulf of Maine and Scotian Shelf regions of the Northwest Atlantic underwent an unprecedented regime shift. Forced by climate-driven changes in the Gulf Stream, warm slope waters entered the region and created a less favorable foraging environment for the endangered North Atlantic right whale population. By mid-decade, right whales had shifted their late spring/summer foraging grounds from the Gulf of Maine and the western Scotian Shelf to the Gulf of St. Lawrence. The population also began exhibiting unusually high mortality in 2017. Here, we report that climate-driven changes in ocean circulation have altered the foraging environment and habitat use of right whales, reducing the population’s calving rate and exposing it to greater mortality risks from ship strikes and fishing gear entanglement. The case of the North Atlantic right whale provides a cautionary tale for the management of protected species in a changing ocean.
The September Issue: Some Things Old and Some Things New
Authors:   Geosciences Professional Services Inc., Kappel Ellen
Published: August 2021

We have an exciting lineup for you in this September issue of Oceanography, touching many of the bases that make our journal stand out within the ocean sciences community. In addition to traditional science articles, we have a paper on belonging, accessibility, justice, equity, diversity, and inclusion (BE A JEDI); another on capacity-building in the ocean sciences; and a DIY Oceanography contribution. This issue’s education section features columns on undergraduate teaching and careers post graduate school, and we present a new Navigating Grad School section. We also have a book review to share, and the third consecutive column from the TOS JEDI Committee.
JEDI Events and Programming for OSM 2022
Authors:   University of South Carolina, Meyer-Gutbrod Erin
Published: August 2021

The biennial Ocean Sciences Meeting (OSM) is the most extensive opportunity for members of the global ocean sciences community to come together to share knowledge, network, build and strengthen collaborations, and grow ideas. In addition to sharing progress in research, technology, and education, these meetings are a valuable opportunity to advance diversity and inclusivity in the ocean sciences community. OSM 2020 featured several successful events and sessions with these themes, and reflection on them since then has been valuable for guiding further diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) efforts at our home institutions and for planning future conferences (Behl et al., 2021, in this issue; Le Bras, 2021).
The Intertwined Futures of Whales and Humans
Authors:   Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, Record Nicholas
Published: August 2021

If you could somehow ask a North Atlantic right whale what she thinks the future holds, what would she say? Right whales must, in some way, think about the future in order to make survival decisions. As an ocean science community, our eyes are trained increasingly on the future as well. The twin global environmental crises of climate change and biodiversity loss have elevated the science of real-world prediction to one of urgent interest. At timescales ranging from hours to decades, society is asking ocean science for actionable predictions, projections, and forecasts, with the hope of mitigating and adapting to the changing ocean. Meeting this challenge requires more than the ability to predict ocean dynamics.
Can Right Whales Out-Swim Climate Change? Can We?
Authors:   Climate Central Inc., Pershing Andrew , Pendleton Daniel
Published: August 2021

The article by Meyer-Gutbrod and colleagues in this issue demonstrates that the endangered North Atlantic right whale’s preferred prey has declined as the Northwest Atlantic has warmed. Right whales are now spending more time foraging in historically colder habitats, but they are producing fewer calves. The low calf production could reflect a delay between the decline in the potential productivity of their traditional habitats and its increase in their new habitats. This delay would result in a “climate deficit” in their fitness. Right whales must also learn to forage successfully in their new habitats, creating an additional loss of fitness termed an “adaptation deficit.” Humans will also face unavoidable climate deficits, but we have more options for minimizing adaptation deficits.
The Legal Framework for the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights in Cameroon by Non-Governmental Organisations
Authors: Boma Alvine Longla
Published: August 2021

Civil Society organisations play key roles in African countries. This is not an exception in the Cameroonian dispensation. Indeed, the existence and operation of civil societies in this jurisdiction is legitimated by a 1990 law allowing the free formation of associations. Even though the state has the primary obligation to promote and protect human rights, there also exists a plethora of associations with the same interest. This paper is motivated by the state’s wanton failure in ensuring the enjoyment and fulfilment of the right. For one thing, the state has maintained a stronghold on the Civil Society through legislation which gives public authorities a leverage over human rights defenders. Moreover, an analysis of existing legal and institutional frameworks available to allow human rights non-governmental organisations thrive, leaves much to be desired. Findings reveal that though there are adequate laws and institutions which ensure the creation and functioning of Civil Society organisations in Cameroon, there are also contradictory laws which give the public authority an edge over these organisations and allow them to sanction the activities of some human rights defenders under the guise of maintaining public order. We argue that there should be adequate protection offered to human rights defenders as well as the relaxation of laws permitting public authorities to illegally sanction the activities of relevant non-governmental organisations.
L’incidence de la lutte contre le Covid-19 sur les finances publiques camerounaises
Authors: Bilounga Steve Thiery
Published: August 2021

En vue de faire financièrement face à la pandémie du coronavirus qui menace sérieusement le bonheur de sa population déterminée à atteindre le statut de pays émergent à l’horizon 2035, l’Etat camerounais déjà en proie à deux crises sur le plan économique et sécuritaire, va procéder à une modification de la loi de finances de l’exercice budgétaire 2020 par le truchement de l’ordonnance présidentielle du 03 juin 2020. Porteuse de plusieurs aménagements et innovations sur le plan budgétaire, comptable, fiscal et douanier, ce collectif budgétaire est la manifestation tangible de l’incidence de la lutte contre la crise sanitaire liée au Covid-19 sur les finances publiques de l’Etat du Cameroun.
La justiciabilité de la Constitution en droit congolais. Note d’observation sous Cour constitutionnelle (RDC), Matière d’appréciation de la conformité à la Constitution, R. Const. 0038, 28 Août 2015
Authors: Masuta Dieu-Merci Ngusu
Published: August 2021

The jurisdictional protection of the Constitution is designed to guaranty the affectivity of the legal state in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The fulfillment of this requirement has passed through the establishment of the constitutional Court which received from the Constitution the main competence of knowing the requests related to the conformity of the public authorities’ acts to the Constitution. This paper has tried to determine the effective sweep of this protection by making a criticism-analysis of its juridical base with regard to the judgment of the constitutional Court delivered under R. Const. 0038. By this judgment, the constitutional Court extended its competence to the act that normally should not be submitted to its appreciation. This extension was justified by the need of protecting the human rights and the public liberties furthered in the Constitution. However, it is important to insert in the Constitution this new competence in order to protect the constitutional principles as well as the human rights and the public liberties.
Das Grundrecht auf sexuelle Selbstbestimmung
Authors: Valentiner Dana-Sophia
Published: August 2021

The thesis deals with the right to sexual autonomy in German constitutional law. The author shows that the approaches adopted by the Federal Constitutional Court and legal scholarship do not adequately reflect social change in the area of sexualities and develops a legal concept of the right that emphasizes on personal autonomy and sexual consent.
Perioperative Anxiolytic and Analgesic Effects of Pregabalin in Vitreo-Retinal Surgery: A Randomized, Double-blind Study
Authors: Elrashidy Ayman , Khattab Ahmed Metwally , Elseify Zeinab Ahmed , Oriby Mohamed E
Published: August 2021

Objectives: This study was done to examine the effect of a single, one-time pregabalin dose on postoperative pain, anxiety, and analgesic consumption after vitrectomy performed under the peribulbar block and to assess the satisfaction of the patients as well as the surgeons. Methods: This randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial was conducted at Magrabi Eye, ENT and Dental Center, Doha, Qatar on 58 adult patients aged 37 - 75 years, who met status I and II of the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) and scheduled for elective vitrectomy, under the peribulbar block (PB). Of the total participants, 30 cases were randomized to receive pregabalin, while the remaining received placebo 90 minutes before surgery. Pain was assessed using a Verbal Analog Scale (VAS) score, and the levels of anxiety were gauged by verbal anxiety score. Results: Patients who received pregabalin had a significantly higher sedation score (3 ± 0 vs. & 2 ± 0.65; P < 0.05), and a significantly less anxiety score (3 ± 1.3 vs. 5 ± 1.6; P < 0.001) compared to the control group. During needle insertion for PB, patients in the pregabalin group experienced less pain compared to the control group (32 ± 15 vs. 44 ± 15; P < 0.05). Pregabalin group showed a significantly higher cooperation rate and patient satisfaction scores (3.2 ± 0.7 and 3.8 ± 0.4, respectively), compared to the placebo group (2.8 ± 0.7 and 3.4 ± 0.5, respectively). The placebo group required intraoperative midazolam more in comparison to the pregabalin group (19 vs. 5; P < 0.001). Moreover, the need for postoperative analgesia was more in the placebo group two hours postoperatively. Conclusions: Pregabalin is a potent premedication in controlling post-surgical pain and anxiety in patients undergoing vitrectomy under the PB.
Causes of Birth of More Than One Thalassemia Major Patient in Families in South-east of Iran: Lessons for Prevention Programs
Authors: Miri-Aliabad Ghasem , Tabatabaei Seyed Mohammad Nasiraldin , Vaezi Zahra , Amini Afshin , Asgarzadeh Leila
Published: August 2021

Background: Beta-thalassemia major (TM) is one of the most common genetic diseases in Iran. Despite some efforts to reduce the incidence of TM, its incidence is still relatively high in some areas of the country. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 635 families who had children with TM. The families that had more than one child with TM were enrolled. A demographic data questionnaire and a checklist containing queries about the reasons for the birth of the second or subsequent TM children were completed by each family. Finally, the data were analyzed using SPSS version 16. Results: Among the families that had more than one child with TM, 90, 23, and three families had two, three, and four children with the disease, respectively. Of the 261 patients studied, 125 (47.9%) and 136 (52.1%) had been born prior and after the implementation of the pre-marital screening program for beta-thalassemia in Iran, respectively. Also, in 29.4% of these families, parents were unaware of having thalassemia minor. In other cases, factors such as lack of knowledge about screening tests (14.0%), lack of financial compliance (13.2%), late referral for genetic tests (11.8%), and not undergoing screening tests despite recommendations (9.6%) were among the reasons declared by the families. In addition to these, religious and cultural reasons should also be mentioned as effective factors. Conclusions: This study showed that in only about 30% of the studied families, the parents were unaware of having thalassemia minor, and in other families, miscellaneous reasons were involved in the birth of the second or subsequent child with TM. In some cases, despite sufficient parental knowledge about the possibility of giving birth to a child with TM, no action was taken to prevent this event.
Effects of Continuous Care Model on Mental Health in Mothers of Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Panahi Latif , Etebarian Khorasgani Abolfazl , Amiri Marzieh , Pouy Somaye
Published: August 2021

Background: Cerebral palsy is a leading cause of disability among children, and most of these children depend on their care provider or parents all the time. Mothers of these children spend a great amount of time taking care of them, which could have adverse effects on their mental health. Objectives: The present study was conducted to investigate the impact of the continuous care model (CCM) on the mental health of mothers with children suffering from cerebral palsy. Methods: This randomized clinical trial was performed among 80 mothers of hospitalized children with cerebral palsy. Subjects were randomly divided into the two groups of intervention and control. In the intervention group, the CCM was administered to the mothers up to eight weeks after discharge, and for the control group, only routine nursing education was provided to the mothers at hospital discharge. Before and one and eight weeks after the intervention, in both groups, the mothers' mental health was assessed using the General Health Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21 through descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The mean age of the mothers was 33.2 ± 2.1 years and 34.3 ± 2.2 years in the intervention and control groups, respectively. In the intervention group, the CCM had a positive effect on the mental health of mothers one and two months after discharge from hospital compared to before the intervention (P = 0.04, P = 0.02, respectively); however, in the control group, the mean score of mothers' mental health was decreased over time. No significant relationship was found between mental health and the demographic characteristics of the mothers (i.e., age, education, participation in any child caring programs, having anxiety, having any other children with cerebral palsy, and experiencing depression due to having a child with cerebral palsy) (P > 0.05). Conclusions: The CCM had a positive effect on the mental health of mothers of children with cerebral palsy. Thus, this intervention might be useful, but further studies are needed about the cost effectiveness of this intervention and its long-term impact on a larger sample.
Dexmedetomidine for Procedural Sedation in the Emergency Department: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ghojazadeh Morteza , Paknezhad Seyed Pouya , Mohammadzadeh Sanam , Vahed Nafiseh , Vand Rajabpour Zahra , Rezaee Mansour , Soleimanpour Hassan
Published: August 2021

Context: Procedural sedation (PS) plays an important role in facilitating emergency procedures. Dexmedetomidine is an alpha-adrenergic agonist which can play a role in this issue. This study aimed to systematically review the literature about the role of dexmedetomidine in PS in the emergency department (ED). Methods: In this study, several databases, namely PubMed, Embase, Ovid, ProQuest, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library, were searched since 1999 up to November 30, 2020. The inclusion criteria in this study were randomized clinical trials performed on ED patients using dexmedetomidine for PS and articles only in the English language. The exclusion criteria were the studies that were not clinical trials or were not performed in the ED, low-quality studies or animal studies. Results: A total of 473 articles were identified in this study. Five studies fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Three articles studied the adult population. One study used dexmedetomidine in an intranasal way, and one study used an intramuscular route for drug administration. Conclusions: Although the reviewed studies reported dexmedetomidine as a safe and effective agent for PS, there are not sufficient data on this issue. Therefore, it is required to perform further studies to a draw firmer conclusion.
Implementing somatic mutation testing in clinical setting: recommendations from a panel of experts.
Authors: Cordeiro-de-Lima Vladmir Cláudio , Araújo Luiz Henrique , Garicochea Bernardo , Rocha Vanderson , Mano Max , William William Nassib , Chaves Aline Lauda Freitas , Fernandes Gustavo dos Santos , Nogueira-Rodrigues Angelica , Jardim Denis Leonardo , Melo Andreia C , Mello Celso Abdon , Baldotto Clarissa Serodio , Zukin Mauro , Calabrich Aknar , Gelatti Ana , deCastro Gilberto , Bueno de-Oliveira Thiago , Gifoni Markus , Barra Williams , Coutinho Anelisa K. , Peixoto Renata D'Alpino , Rameri de-Azevedo Carla , Paulino Eduardo , Bines José , Barroso Romualdo , Gimenes Daniel , Kaliks Rafael Aliosha , Fay Andre Poisl , Bugano Diogo , Isaacsson Pedro , Chiattone Carlos , Vaz Jorge , Duffles Guilherme , Baiocchi Otavio , Schmerling Rafael , Munhoz Rodrigo Ramela , Guedes Rodrigo , Feher Olavo , Yamada Camilla Akemi Felizardo , Fittipaldi Carolina , Mathias Clarissa Maria de Cerqueira , Clara Renan Orsati , Leal Alesssandro
Published: August 2021

There has been a rapid increase in the volume of genomic data gathered from different cancers, this has helped to develop new tumor classifications as well as to select better tailored therapies for the patients. Some of the genomic markers identified are also prognostic and predictive factors. Additionally, many technologies have been used to investigate these alterations, each with different benefits and caveats. The Genomics Committee from the Sociedade Brasileira de Oncologia Clínica (SBOC) put together a group of specialists, from different regions of Brazil that work both in the private and public scenario, to gather and organize the information regarding the utility of somatic mutation testing in solid tumors. This special article summarizes their recommendations on how to better incorporate this information into clinical practice.