bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Green Supply Chain Management and Performance of Dairy Manufacturing Firms in Kenya
Authors: Ngatia Regina Njeri
Published: January 2025

Purpose: Green procurement practices have attracted the growing interest of professional circles and academician due to its positive impact on brand reputation, competitive advantage and performance of the organisation. Milk needs a unique treatment due to perishability and since it is a consumable product it must be handled with care to ensure health products. The study was guided by the following specific objectives, namely: to establish the effect of green procurement, green manufacturing, and green distribution on the performance of dairy industry in Kenya.
Methodology: The study adopted descriptive research design, the population of the study constitute 34 dairy manufacturing firms in Kenya and Purposive and census sampling technique was used. Semi-structured, self- administered questionnaires were used to collect data. Data was analysed by use of both descriptive and inferential statistics and processed by SPSS version 28 and presented using tables.
Findings: The findings revealed that green procurement practices had a positive and significant influence on performance of dairy manufacturing firms in Kenya.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: Future research in the manufacturing sector can be grounded in theoretical frameworks. The study advises that managers in the dairy manufacturing industry should establish procedures and policies that enhance their understanding of customer needs to fulfill expectations while promoting sustainability, despite the validation of existing theories. Additionally, it is recommended that regulatory bodies in the dairy sector formulate policies that facilitate collaboration among manufacturers and all stakeholders, which would help reduce potential losses impacting both productivity and sustainability, ultimately benefiting the broader economy. The report also emphasizes the necessity for the government to promote the systematic growth and development of green procurement practices within Kenyan dairy manufacturing firms to enhance overall performance. Moreover, empirical research is essential to assess the impact of green procurement on the productivity of other manufacturing sectors within the economy.
Effects of Areca Husk Fiber Loading and Alkaline Treatment on Properties of Natural Rubber Latex Foam
Authors: Artchomphoo Jutatip , Saijun Diew , Sungsee Pasuta , Rattanapan Suwat
Published: January 2025

The impact of integrating areca husk fiber (AHF) and employing alkaline treatment on the mechanical, thermal, and morphological characteristics of natural rubber latex foam (NRLF) is examined in this research. Areca husk fibers, derived from agro-industrial waste, were included in the NRLF matrix at different loadings (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 pphr). The fibers were chemically treated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to enhance surface roughness and augment interfacial interaction with the NRLF. Tensile tests indicated enhanced tensile strength at the appropriate filler load of 15 pphr for untreated AHF and 10 pphr for treated AHF. The elongation at break was decreased as fiber loadings increased, with greater elongation exhibited by treated AHF-filled NRLF compared to untreated AHF-filled NRLF. The foam’s density and compression set increased with elevated fiber loadings; however, treated AHF-filled NRLF demonstrated improved elasticity and thermal stability compared to untreated samples. Filler-matrix interactions were validated through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which showed reduced cell sizes and more homogeneous foam formations in the treated AHF samples. The results indicate that the efficacy of NRLF is enhanced by the alkaline treatment of AHF, rendering it an appropriate material for sustainable composite applications.
HIGHLIGHTS

Integration of sustainable materials: Areca husk fiber (AHF), an agro-industrial byproduct, was utilized as a filler in natural rubber latex foam (NRLF), fostering environmentally friendly composite materials.
Enhancement of alkaline treatment: Alkaline-treated AHF markedly improved mechanical properties, including tensile strength, elongation, and foam density, in comparison to untreated fibers.
The maximum tensile strength was attained at 15 pphr for untreated AHF and 10 pphr for treated AHF.
Thermal stability: Treated AHF-filled NRLF demonstrated better thermal stability and resistance to degradation compared to untreated counterparts.
Improved foam morphology: Alkaline treatment resulted in smaller, more uniform foam cells, enhancing the foam structure and overall mechanical performance.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Antimalarial Potential of Ostruthin Isolated from Luvunga sarmentosa Root and Stem: In Vitro and In Silico Studies
Authors: Ahmad Waqar , Wicaksana Firman , Ilmi Hilkatul , Tumewu Lidya , Faturrahman Muhammad , Winarko Peggy Ignatia , Rakhmawati Cindi Dia , Suciati Suciati , Hafid Achmad Fuad , Widyawaruyanti Aty
Published: January 2025

The high morbidity and mortality due to malaria infection worldwide led to the demand for new antimalarial drug development, one of which is utilizing herbal medicines as a new alternative to malaria treatment. This study aims to isolate and identify antimalarial compounds from Luvunga sarmentosa root and stem by bioassay-guided isolation approach. Luvunga sarmentosa root and stem were extracted, fractionated and purified to obtain an antimalarial compound. Compound identification was conducted based on 1H, 13C and 2D NMR. The LDH assay was used to test the antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum. A molecular docking study was performed on PfDHODH (PD-ID: 1TV5) and PfLDH (PD-ID: 1LDG) using Autodock tools. The bioassay-guided isolation obtained a coumarin compound identified as ostruthin (6-geranyl-7-hydroxycoumarin) as antimalarial isolated from L. sarmentosa root and stem extract. Ostruthin exhibited antimalarial activity with an IC50 value of 2.65 ± 0.07 µg/mL against P. falciparum. The molecular docking results showed that ostruthin was predicted as a potential PfDHODH and PfLDH inhibitor based on their binding affinity which are −9.94 ± 0.11 and −8.84 ± 0.11 kcal/mol, respectively, and their interaction with receptor’s amino acids. Ostruthin isolated from the root and stem of L. sarmentosa is active as an antimalarial, and further research, such as in vivo studies and clinical trials, is needed to develop this compound as a drug.
HIGHLIGHTS

Luvunga sarmentosa is a traditional medicine used by the Dayak tribe to treat aphrodisiacs and fever
Isolation of active compound from Luvunga sarmentosa root and stem was conducted by bioassay-guided isolation approach
The antimalarial studies suggest that dichloromethane extracts of Luvunga sarmentosa root and leaves have a more potent antimalarial than hexane and methanol extract
Ostruthin (6-geranyl-7-hydroxycoumarin) was successfully isolated from the roots and stems of Luvunga sarmentosa
Ostruthin inhibited P. falciparum in vitro and potentially inhibited PfDHODH and PfLDH based on in silico studies

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
«ГҮЛІСТАН БИТ ТҮРКІ» ЕСКЕРТКІШІНІҢ СИНТАКСИСТІК ЕРЕКШЕЛІГІ
Authors: А. С. Зинедина  , А. Ф. Зейнулина  , К. А. Кусманова
Published: January 2025

Бұл мақалада шағатай тілінде жазылған «Гүлістан бит Түркі» ескерткішіне синтаксистік талдау жасалады. Зерттеу сөз тәртібі, инверсия, жай сөйлемнің құрылымы сияқты мәтіннің синтаксистік ерекшеліктерін анықтауға және жүйелеуге бағытталған. «Гүлістан бит Түркі» ескерткішінің синтаксистік ерекшелігін зерттеу тарихи мәнмәтінде сақталған элементтерді, синтаксистік құрылымдардың эволюциясын анықтауға мүмкіндік береді. Сол себепті қазіргі қазақ тілінің синтаксистік құрылымының, оның ішінде поэтикалық синтаксистің тарихи сипатын анықтау үшін ерте, орта ғасырдағы ескі қазақ тілінің сөз, сөйлем түзілімін зерттеу маңызды.
Зерттеудің мақсаты – «Гүлістан бит Түркі» ескерткішіндегі жай сөйлемдерге синтаксистік талдау жүргізу. Сонымен қатар жазба мәтіндегі стилистикалық және грамматикалық ерекшеліктерді анықтау арқылы шағатай тіліндегі синтаксистік модельдердің күрделілігі мен алуан түрлілігін көрсету. Жай сөйлемнің түрлері мен сөйлем құрамындағы тілдік бірліктердің байланысу амалдары қарастырылады. Нәтижесінде, сол кезеңдегі әдеби тілге тән негізгі синтаксистік құрылымдар анықталды және олардың мәтіндегі функционалдық рөлдері талқыланды. Аталған мақсатқа жету үшін тарихи-салыстырмалы, синтаксистік талдау, компонеттік талдау әдістері пайдаланылды. Зерттеу жұмысының нәтижелері тілтанушы, әдебиеттанушы, мәдениеттанушы, түркітанушы т.б. гуманитарлық сала мамандарына қосымша құрал бола алады.
Кілтті сөздер: шағатай тілі, тарихи синтаксис, синтаксистік модель, Гүлістан бит Түркі, жай сөйлем, сөйлем синтаксисі.
"CULTURAL KEYWORDS IN THE KAZAKH BUSINESS DISCOURSE "
Authors: D. M. Akizhanova  , S. K. Satenova  , K. B. Mukatayeva  , M. M. Zhakipova  , G. Kh. Demessinova
Published: January 2025

Business communication currently occurs in almost all areas of society. The ability to communicate with a business partner, understanding the psychology of a communicant, especially in intercultural communication, distinguishing between their worldview and ethnic norms are the major factors in business negotiations. The research work is devoted to the study of culture-specific keywords related to Kazakh business discourse in intercultural communication. The hypothesis of the research is that every culture can be explained and described with certain words called as keywords. Cultural keywords can help to study, learn, and discuss cultures of different nations all over the world. They can be referred to as a tool for intercultural communication. The authors use semantic analysis as a methodology to study the keywords and identify them in a text or culture. Findings of the research can be useful for intercultural and cross-cultural studies as well as other interdisciplinary cultural and linguistic research.
Keywords: cultural keyword, intercultural communication, Kazakh business discourse, semantic analysis, culture-specific, business communication.
Д. ЛОНДОННЫҢ «МАРТИН ИДЕН» РОМАНЫН ЖОО-ДА ОҚЫТУДА ПРОБЛЕМАЛЫҚ ДИАЛОГТІК ОҚЫТУ ӘДІСІН ҚОЛДАНУ
Authors: К. Н. Абилдаева  , К. С. Әбдіқалық  , Н. М. Абишева
Published: January 2025

Бұл мақалада Джек Лондонның «Мартин Иден» романын студенттерге меңгертуде проблемалық диалогтік оқыту әдісін қолданудың тиімділігі зерделенеді. Кіріспеде америка жазушысының белгілі «Мартин Иден» романы туралы шетелдік ғалымдар тарапынан әр қырынан зерттелгеніне шолу жасалады. Сонымен бірге бұл туындының аударма нұсқасын студенттерге тиімді оқытудың мәселесі арнайы қарастырылмағандығы ескеріліп, осы зерттеуіміздің негізгі өзектілігіне назар аударылады. «Мартин Иден» романының аударма нұсқасын студенттерге оқытуда проблемалық диалогтік оқыту әдісінің қолайлылығы толыққанды қарастырылды. Д. Барнс, Н. Мерсер, Ж. Аймауытов сынды шетел және отандық әдіскер ғалымдардың пікірлері де ескерілді. Таңдап алынған көлемді прозаны білім алушылармен талқылау үшін проблемалық диалогтік оқыту бойынша «Автобус аялдамасы» тәсілі алынып, әрбір топтың студенттері жұмыс жасайтын тапсырмалардың үлгісі қарастырылады. Флипчарттарда жазылуы керек «Идея», «Мәселе», «Кейіпкер», «Философия» деген атаулардың да оқытудың мақсатына жетуде өзіндік мәнге иеленетіні зерделенеді. Әрбір аялдамада жасалатын тапсырманың орындалу деңгейіне қатысты уақытының белгіленетініне назар аударылады. Төрт топқа берілген әрбір аялдамадағы тапсырмалардың реті кестелер арқылы ұсынылады. Жас буынның оқырмандық қабілетімен қатар, сыни ойлауын қарқынды дамыту үшін де диалогтік қарым-қатынасқа түсіру, оларға берілетін танымдық бағыттағы проблемалық сұрақтардың дұрыс іріктелуі де үлкен маңызға ие. Білім алушылардан талап етілетін жауаптардың өзіндік үлгісі де бұл мақалада тиянақты қамтылады.
Кілтті сөздер: көлемді проза, аударма, оқыту әдістері, проблемалық оқыту, философиялық сауалдар, авторлық шешім, кейіпкерлер тағдыры
EXPLORING METAPHOR TRANSFER IN B. L. PASTERNAK’S VERSES ACROSS ENGLISH AND KAZAKH TRANSLATIONS
Authors: A. T. Aushakhman  , A. S. Tarakov
Published: January 2025

The study evaluates the preservation of metaphorical content when translating Boris Pasternak’s poems into English and Kazakh. This topic becomes relevant given Pasternak’s increasing popularity among Kazakh-speaking audiences who pay attention to language arts in the context of Kazakh literature. The study substantiates its relevance by the lack of systematic research in this area and the need for analysis, despite the relevance of the topic and the importance of Pasternak for Kazakh-speaking audiences. A comparative analysis of the original and translated poems revealed that Pasternak’s poems are successfully adapted for foreign-language audiences, but cannot always convey the complexity of metaphors. This confirms the relevance of the study, which aims to fill the gap in systematic research on this topic. The study uses comparative, historical and observational methods to analyse Pasternak’s original and translated texts with regard to metaphorical elements. The results show that the translation of metaphorical elements, due to the similarities between Russian and English, is generally possible. However, some of the author’s metaphors may lose their original depth in the process of translation due to national-cultural peculiarities. This study provides a contribution to the field of literary translation and enriches the understanding of the difficulties associated with the preservation of metaphors in literary translations.
Keywords: metaphorical imagery, translation, Boris Pasternak, poems, Kazakh, English, preservation of metaphors, comparative analysis, poetry translation
ҚАЗАҚ ЖӘНЕ ТАТАР ҮЙЛЕНУ ЖОРАЛҒЫЛАРЫНЫҢ ФОЛЬКЛОРЛЫҚ ЕРЕКШЕЛІКТЕРІ (БЕКМҰРАТ УАХАТОВ ЗЕРТТЕУЛЕРІННІҢ НЕГІЗІНДЕ)
Authors: А. Т. Ташекова  , Н. К. Жүсіпов  , Ә. К. Шапауов
Published: January 2025

Аталмыш мақалада қазақ және татар фольклорындағы үйлену рәсімдеріне арналған поэзияның көркемдік ерекшеліктерін зерттеуге бағытталған. Бекмұрат Уахатовтың еңбектеріне сүйене отырып, қазақ және татар халықтарының үйлену жырларының эстетикалық, символикалық және поэтикалық аспектілері талданады. Зерттеу барысында екі халықтың поэзиясындағы ортақ элементтер мен өзіндік ерекшеліктер айқындалады. Қазақ поэзиясында табиғи бейнелер мен әлеуметтік байланыстардың маңыздылығы, сондай-ақ әзіл-оспақ элементтерінің қолданылуы басты назарда болса, татар поэзиясында діни бейнелер, исламдық құндылықтар және рухани ритуалдардың мәні басымдыққа ие. Бекмұрат Уахатов атап өткендей, бұл жырлар тек салт-дәстүрлерді сүйемелдеп қана қоймай, халықтың мәдени және рухани құндылықтарын сақтаушы қызметін атқарады. Сондай-ақ Қазақ елінде тұратын татар халықтарының үйлену тойында айтылатын өлеңдерге де сипаттама беріледі. Мақалада олардың көркемдік ерекшеліктерімен қатар, мағынасы да ашып көрсетілді. Мақалада қазақ және татар поэзиясының мысалдары келтіріліп, олардың көркемдік ерекшеліктері салыстырмалы талдау арқылы зерттелген. Сонымен қатар қазақ және түркі туыстас халықтарының арасындағы ұқсас өлеңдерге де шолу жасалынды.
Кілтті сөздер: қазақ фольклоры, татар фольклоры, үйлену рәсімдері, көркемдік ерекшеліктер, салт-дәстүрлер, Бекмұрат Уахатов, жар-жар, яр-яр.
MULTIDIMENSIONALITY OF MEDIA DISCURSIVE ACTUALIZATION OF THE CONCEPT «UNITY» IN THE PROTEST ACTIVITY CONTEXT IN KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: Zh. A. Nauryzbayev  , S. D. Seidenova
Published: January 2025

This article examines the metaphorical concept of «UNITY» in media materials during and after the January 2022 events in Kazakhstan so called «Bloody January». According to J. Lakoff and M. Johnson, the essence of a conceptual metaphor consists of the transfer of one linguistic unit by means of a completely different unit, that our everyday conceptual system, within the framework of which we think, is metaphorical in nature. In this regard, the metaphor allows us to emphasize extremely important aspects of the functioning and representation of the concept «UNITY» in its connection with other concepts. Through linguistic and cognitive analysis, we scrutinize the metaphors employed to depict unity, shedding light on their role in shaping discourse and public perception during this critical period.
The results of the study allow us to conclude that the process of actualization and metaphorization is the basis for the functioning of key representatives of the concept «UNITY», and also carries mechanisms that allow the formation of new phraseological units in language and culture. Using critical discourse analysis, the article examines examples of metaphorical understanding of «UNITY» as a linguistic phenomenon.
Keywords: discursive actualization, metaphorization of unity, multidimensionality, concept actualization, verbalization of discourse, linguocognitive analysis, critical discourse analysis.
First outcomes of bio logical treatment for refractory chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis at Motol University Hospital
Authors: Klobalová Aneta , Balatková Zuzana , Kaňa Martin , Novák Štěpán , Kalfeřt David , Plzák Jan
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Patients with severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), meeting the EPOS 2020 criteria, are indicated for biological treatment. The pathogenesis of the disease significantly involves a type II immunopathological response. Treatment involves monoclonal antibodies that block the signaling of inflammatory cytokines. In the Czech Republic, three medications are approved – dupilumab, mepolizumab, and omalizumab. Methodology: A retrospective study was conducted, comprising of 26 patients treated with dupilumab at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery at Motol University Hospital from November 2020 to December 2023. In the study cohort, we monitored the progression of nasal polyp score (NPS) scores, 22-item Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22), Odourized Markers Test (OMT), IgE levels, eosinophil count, and Asthma Control Test from the beginning of treatment and at week 16, 1 year, and 2 years into treatment. Results: According to the results, there is a statistically significant improvement not only in subjective symptoms but also in the objective findings of most variables. After 1 year of treatment, we observed a statistically significant improvement in NPS (from 6.15 ± 1.35 to 1.69 ± 1.76), SNOT-22 (from 58.83 ± 17.37 to 15.33 ± 16.80), OMT (from 1.52 ± 1.83 to 5.88 ± 3.5), and IgE levels (from 245 ± 251 kIU/l to 64 ± 68 kIU/l). In the study, the effectiveness of biologics was demonstrated in our patient cohort. Conclusion: The aim of this study is to report the initial outcomes of biologic treatment in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis treated at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Motol University Hospital. Our study demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in SNOT-22, OMT, NPS, and serum IgE levels. The results were statistically significant when comparing baseline values with the 16-week follow-up, as well as when comparing baseline values with the 1-year follow up. No serious complications were encountered during the course of treatment.

Keywords:
biological treatment – dupilumab – CRSwNP
Immunotherapy in head and neck cancers
Authors: Pavelková Lucie , Bonaventurová Markéta , Plzák Jan , Fialová Anna
Published: January 2025

Immunotherapy is a promising therapeutic modality that has rapidly gained its place in the treatment of many malignancies. The assumption of its effect in head and neck tumors stems from the high mutational load of these tumors. Phase I clinical trials were consistent with preclinical assumptions. Subsequent phase II and III trials confirmed the efficacy of the check-point inhibitors nivolumab (OPDIVO) in second-line palliation, and in the case of pembrolizumab, in first-line treatment of recurrent and metastatic head and neck cancer. In the Czech Republic, the use of pemobrolizumab was approved in 2014. In clearly defined indications, pembrolizumab therapy (Keytruda) is now also covered by public health insurance. However, in the Czech Republic, surgical treatment followed by adjuvant oncological treatment still remains the gold standard in the first-line treatment of head and neck cancer. Nevertheless, the approach is always individual and the best treatment modality is chosen based on the extent of the primary disease and the overall condition and preferences of the patient.
Key words
head and neck cancer – immunotherapy – checkpoint inhibitors – pembrolizumab – nivolumab – HPV
Current view on the most common postoperative complications and quality of life of patients after vestibular schwannoma surgery
Authors: Lazák Jan , Betka Jan , Zvěřina Eduard , Vlasák Aleš , Bonaventurová Markéta , Kaňa Martin , Fík Zdeněk
Published: January 2025

Microsurgical extirpation is one of the basic modalities of treatment for patients with vestibular schwannoma. Considering the significant decrease in mortality and morbidity of patients with vestibular schwannoma in the past decades, the quality of life has become the most important criterion of current treatment management. Despite the great scientific and technological progress in the surgical treatment of vestibular schwannoma, we can encounter a number of serious complications that can have a major impact on the quality of life. A number of questionnaire studies confirm that these are mainly postoperative facial nerve lesion, dizziness and long-term headache. In contrast, tinnitus or unilateral hearing loss may be a less serious handicap in terms of overall quality of life.

Keywords:
Quality of life – vestibular schwannoma – postoperative complications
Foreign body in the nasal cavity aff ecting the nervus opticus – a case report
Authors: Pavelková Lucie , Kalfeřt David , Klozar Jan , Plzák Jan
Published: January 2025

In most cases, a foreign body in the nasal cavity does not pose a difficult diagnostic or therapeutic problem for the otorhinolaryngologist. This problem is most often encountered by pediatric otorhinolaryngologists who remove various toys, food, or other small objects from the nasal cavity. Another group of patients who are more frequently encountered with this problem are psychiatric patients. The diagnosis is established based on the medical history and clinical examination, which includes physical and endoscopic examination, possibly with additional imaging methods. The occurrence of foreign bodies in paranasal sinuses is extremely rare; approximately 70% of these cases are associated with some form of maxillofacial trauma, while others are related to surgical treatments after dental problems. Rarely, the foreign body can reach important vascular or nerve structures. At our department, we saw a patient who had a foreing body in the optical canal and the object was very close to the optical nerve, which was not injured. In this case, it was necessary to do surgery under general anesthesia to remove it. In most cases, it is possible to remove the foreign body from the nasal cavity without using anesthetics, even when we have to take care of small children. We may decide to do the surgery under general aneshesia only in case of non-compliance or excessive pain.

Keywords:
Nasal cavity – foreign body – optical canal – optical nerve
Branchiootorenal syndrome – a case report
Authors: Hrubá Karolína , Fík Zdeněk , Bouček Jan , Kalitová Petra , Plzák Jan
Published: January 2025

Branchiootorenal syndrome (BOR) is an autosomal dominant hereditary disease typical for its major criteria: 1. presence of branchial fistules; 2. hearing loss caused by malformations of outer, middle, or inner ear; and 3. in combination with renal anomalies. The estimated incidence is 1: 40,000. A take home message is to point out the rare syndrome connected with hearing loss and to discuss its potential treatment.

Keywords:
hearing loss – Heredity – Middle ear – chromosomal disorders – Melnick-Fraser syndrome
The Sounds of Madame Geoffrin’s Salon
Authors: Conroy Melanie
Published: January 2025

Salons were core institutions of the eighteenth-century European social calendar, especially in Paris. Literary performances and philosophical conversation were the core activities of many of these gatherings. What did conversation and literary readings actually sound like at these events? To what extent were voices audible to everyone in the room, or too muffled or far away to be heard? What was the impact of the ambiance or of ephemeral sound on the reading or reception of the hearing? Using textual descriptions, paintings, and architectural information, I reconstruct two legendary readings of eighteenth-century texts, Voltaire’s L’Orphélin de la Chine and Marmontel's Contes Moraux at one of the better documented Enlightenment-era salons (Madame Geoffrin’s) to re-create the impact of sound and acoustics on a literary reading. These fictional recreations, while inherently speculative, hold promise in enriching the realms of sound and performance studies, offering valuable glimpses into the spatial dynamics and acoustic qualities inherent to informal and smaller performance venues for literary readings.
Enfilade and Variations: Interpreting Salon Music through Residential Architecture in Eighteenth-Century Paris
Authors: Vilkner Nicole
Published: January 2025

In eighteenth-century Parisian salons, theme and variations on popular melodies proliferated. Elaine Sisman’s seminal study of variation form provides a foundational approach for understanding variations as rhetorical exercises that persuade through differences in syntax and expression. In this vein, scholars have comprehensively affirmed the ways that salon music reflects the dialogic and sociable practices of Enlightenment receptions (Hanning, Sutcliffe, and Zohn). I suggest that theme and variation form is not only connected to the rhetoric of the salon, but that the concept of sequential elaboration is a principle that was also prized in residential architecture.

Drawing from theoretical writings of eighteenth-century architects who designed Parisian hôtels, or urban mansions, I argue that musical variations and salon architecture were designed with the same aesthetic principles. This comparison is warranted since residential architects like Jacques-François Blondel and Nicolas Le Camus de Mézières were designing salons holistically, considering how the floorplan, decorations, scents, and sounds would complement each other. Most Parisian salons of this time featured an enfilade, a sequence of rooms with doors aligned along an axis. Visiting guests were presented with a series of spaces that were carefully curated by the homeowners and treated much like a multi-movement composition. The enfilade successively frames and reframes the character of the household, just like theme and variation form presents a sequential, adaptive examination of a single subject. In a close analysis of Jean-Baptiste Krumpholz’s collection of harp variations Récueil contenant differens petits airs variés, Op. 10 (ca. 1787), I illustrate how enfilades and variations share design features. Both establish a sense of lineage, create the illusion of length, maintain consistent proportions, and reflect the individualism of the salon host. Offering a new framework for interpreting salon repertory, this study contributes to the growing body of scholarship that examines the multi-sensory nature of the salon.
Playing Proverbs with Madame de Genlis
Authors: Cypess Rebecca
Published: January 2025

The theatrical genre known as the proverbe dramatique, which flourished as a pastime of French high society during the late eighteenth century, has often been understood through the written exemplars left by the author and artist Louis Carrogis, known as Carmontelle. Yet Carmontelle’s literary contributions to the genre have obscured the vast range of activities known as jouer des proverbes (playing proverbs)—activities associated especially with women—which included conversational games, pantomime, poetry, dance, and music making. Attending to the many descriptions of jouer des proverbes left by Stéphanie Félicité Ducrest de Saint-Aubin, the Com­tesse de Genlis, reveals that the literary proverbe dramatique is best viewed as an extension of jouer des proverbes, not as a genre, but as a practice—one that Genlis used to advance her own agendas of self-education, social advancement, and creative expression. The multitalented Genlis used proverbs as a form of educational theater as well as in the context of salon conversation, simultaneously displaying her skills in speaking, music-making, and dance. This article offers a wide-ranging history of the practice of jouer des proverbes in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, ultimately considering Genlis’s descriptions to elucidate both the proceedings of eighteenth-century salons and the experience of women as they exercised their creativity, artistry, and sense of play.
Toxic Varnishes: Perfumes, Stench, and Glow in Eighteenth-century French Salons
Authors: Wicky Érika
Published: January 2025

As several historians, including Alain Corbin, have noted, a new sensitivity to odors emerged in the 18th century that increased people’s negative responses to strong smells and heightened the demand for fragrances that were not only pleasant but also light and subtle. Some scholars see this period as a true “olfactory revolution.” How was this expressed in the salon, perceived both as a luxurious space and a site of elite sociability? This focus on the smell of varnish aims to illustrate how the scent of materials intertwined with the pleasures of decorative arts, both in the entire space of the salon and in relation to the small objects handled within it. Since varnished objects and décor were simultaneously fashionable, highly desirable items and sources of olfactory nuisance, they present an intriguing case study to highlight the paradoxes and complexities of the olfactory culture of the period.
“Strange and Unusual Things”: Teaching the Speculative Fiction of Margaret Cavendish
Authors: Spencer E Mariah
Published: January 2025

Margaret Cavendish, a prolific author and natural philosopher, defies categorization with her multifaceted contributions to literature and philosophy. While she is recognized for her groundbreaking work in various academic fields, her literature also resonates within the realms of science fiction, weird fiction, and speculative genres. This essay explores innovative approaches to teaching Cavendish's work, particularly within the realm of speculative literature, using an interdisciplinary lens. Drawing on perspectives including monster theory and the concept of the abject, students are prompted to critically engage with Cavendish's texts. By examining themes such as the monstrous, the supernatural, and the occult, students uncover the complexities of Cavendish's philosophy and its cultural resonances. Gender played a significant role in the reception of Cavendish's work, often overshadowing her contributions due to the biases of her time. However, contemporary analysis and pedagogical strategies aim to reframe her legacy, emphasizing her impact on science fiction, weird fiction, and her visionary ideas. By contextualizing her work within contemporary frameworks, students gain a deeper understanding of Cavendish's contributions to literature and philosophy. Embracing the "strange and unusual" aspects of Cavendish's literary universe honors her unique contributions and invites students on a transformative journey of exploration and discovery. Ultimately, teaching Cavendish through the lens of speculative fiction not only deepens students' understanding of her work but also fosters a greater appreciation for literature, creativity, and human imagination.
Teaching Margaret Cavendish Through the Lens of Scientific Anti-Realism
Authors: Lower Kevin
Published: January 2025

Margaret Cavendish (1623-1673) only began receiving sustained attention by historians of philosophy in recent decades, but she is being rapidly integrated into the early modern philosophical canon. This essay explores one dimension of teaching Cavendish that presents difficulties for introductory philosophy students: her criticisms of experimental philosophy. Section one explains how I integrate Cavendish into the narrative of my course, identifying both historical and thematic strategies for including her in introductory philosophy courses. Section two describes methods for teaching Cavendish’s natural philosophy and identifies a pedagogical challenge to presenting her criticisms of experimental philosophy. In their first exposure to Cavendish, students may conclude that her writings are anti-scientific. Section three explains how I addressed this pedagogical challenge by restructuring my course narrative around Cavendish’s early poetry and recent debates concerning scientific realism. Ultimately, teaching Cavendish through the lens of scientific anti-realism makes it easier to integrate her writings into introductory philosophy courses while giving students tools for contextualizing her natural philosophy among historical and present-day scientific practices.
Reading as Lesbian, Reading as Trans* and Thinking Intergenerationally
Authors: Binhammer Katherine
Published: January 2025

Written from the perspective of a critic who came of age in the queer 1990s, this essay considers the generational difference in understandings of Charlotte Charke as a butch lesbian and a transman. It argues that the history of sexuality demands an intergenerational reading practice because our objects are always engaged in a history of the present.
Survey Evidence in Trademark Law: Use and Evidential Value in the United States and Turkey
Authors: Dinçer Yasin , Altun Muhammed Yakup
Published: January 2025

Surveys are important tools for evaluating public perception of trademarks. However, they carry various criteria to ensure methodological accuracy and their admissibility as evidence. These criteria include the proper formulation of questions, appropriate selection of the relevant public, and meticulous execution of the survey process. Additionally, supplementary measures should be established concerning the interpretation of survey data into a report. In American trademark law, surveys play a critical role, especially in determining likelihood of confusion, distinctiveness, genericness, and dilution claims. American courts, under the Lanham Act and the Federal Rules of Evidence, prescribe strict standards for the admissibility of survey evidence as expert testimony.
In contrast, the use of survey evidence in Turkish trademark law is more limited compared to American law. In Turkish law, surveys can be used in disputes involving distinctiveness, determination of well-known status, and likelihood of confusion. Courts should prioritize surveys that focus directly on the views of the relevant public over expert reports based solely on the subjective assessment of an individual or a panel in trademark disputes. Particularly, greater emphasis should be placed on the survey method as evidence, which is frequently utilized and standardized in trademark and competition law in the United States, Germany, and Switzerland.
The primary aim of this study is to examine the methodological criteria that surveys must possess in trademark law, their areas of use, and their evidential value. In this context, comparative legal research will be used as the main data collection method; guidelines and decisions of international and national institutions, court decisions, and opinions in the doctrine will be consulted.
Influence of Ag2O Nanoparticles on the Ammonia Gas Sensing Properties of CNT/P3HT Composite Films
Authors: Abdulmeer Abbas Haydar , Cheikhrouhou-Koubaa Wissem
Published: January 2025

In this research, the CNT/P3HT and CNT/P3HT@Ag2O composite films were prepared to be utilized as the ammonia gas sensor. Moreover, the impact of the synthesized composites on ammonia gas sensing and the effect of Ag2O nanoparticles on the properties of the composites were examined. The layers were analyzed using XRD, AFM, FTIR, and gas sensing analysis, providing insights into their potential for improving ammonia gas sensing. Despite changes in the P3HT to CNT ratios, the XRD analysis of the CNT/P3HT and CNT/P3HT@Ag2O composite films revealed the same structural properties for the carbon nanotubes. In accordance with the data obtained from the FTIR test of the composite films, characteristic P3HT bands and various functional groups were detected. As the gas sensing analysis indicated, the sensitivity increased with the increasing ratio of P3HT to CNT, and the highest sensitivity was achieved by the CNT/P3HT (0.7) sensor. Moreover, the addition of silver oxide further increased the sensitivity. These results suggest that the CNT/P3HT@Ag2O film sensor is highly sensitive to ammonia gas and can be a promising sensor for the detection of ammonia gas.
A Novel Rubber Composite Sleeper-Deformation-Prediction Model Based on Response Surface Method (RSM) and Machine Learning (ML) Techniques
Authors: Abdulmumin Ahmed Shuaibu  , Zeng Zhiping , Hayatu Hassan Ibrahim , Weidong Wang , Suleiman Otuoze Hassan , Suleiman Abdulhakeem  , Baba Abdulrahman Bushrah
Published: January 2025

Rubber composite sleepers can experience significant temperature variations in service, causing temperature-induced deformation. Real-time monitoring of this deformation is crucial for operational safety and maintenance; however, it is costly, time-consuming, and requires substantial resources and personnel.
Developing temperature-dependent predictive models offers a cost-effective and efficient alternative, providing accurate insights into sleeper behaviour under different conditions while saving time, labour, and materials. This study attempts to develop a novel deformation model of rubber composite sleepers using response surface methodology (RSM) and machine learning (ML) techniques. Platinum temperature (Pt) sensors, embedded at various points on a full-scale rubber composite sleeper model, were used to measure both the sleeper temperature field and ambient temperature in real-time at 30-minute intervals over the period of a year. Simultaneously, lateral deformation was recorded using linear variable differential transducer (LVDT) displacement sensors. The temperature data were filtered to remove noise and normalized based on the Log-Pearson Type III outlier detection method and Box-Cox transformation, respectively, before being used to develop temperature-dependent models for sleeper deformation. To ensure accurate ML predictions, the dataset was split into 70% for training and 30% for testing. Model performance was evaluated using the correlation coefficient (R2), mean square error (MSE), root means square error (RMSE), and mean absolute error (MAE). The analysis revealed that the sleeper’s body temperature closely follows the changing trend of the ambient environment. Also, like any polymer material, the rubber composite sleeper expands when it absorbs heat from sunlight and contracts as it cools when sunlight intensity decreases, potentially reversing much of the deformation. The K-nearest neighbour algorithm outperformed the RSM and other ML techniques with R2, MSE, RMSE, and MAE values of 0.999, 0.000258, 0.016, and 0.000896, respectively. The developed model can serve as an important reference for monitoring lateral deformation for safety and maintenance purposes.
The Effect of Application of Experiment Method with STEAM Approach on Science Learning Outcomes in Elementary School Students
Authors: Putri Anindita Historiana , Azizah Diva Agistia Nur , Sari Dinda Putri Rahmanda , Qudsyi Sholita Amirah , Setiawan Ricky
Published: January 2025

This study intends to analyze the impact of applying the experimental method with the Science, Technology, Engineering, Art dan Math (STEAM) approach on the learning outcomes of science on the material of electrical energy sources for class VB students at SDN Panjunan Sidoarjo. This study uses a quantitative approach with a pre-experimental design type called a one-group pre-test-post-test design. The study sample consisted of 19 students. Data were collected using tests and analyzed using parametric statistical tests paired t-tests with normality tests as prerequisite tests. The average pre-test score was 57.63, while the average post-test score was 76.68. Through the paired t-test, the results were obtained in the form of an asymp value. Sig (2-tailed) 0.000 (less than 0.05), so it can be concluded that applying the experimental method with the STEAM approach affects the learning outcomes of class V students at SDN Panjunan Sidoarjo. Thus, evidence was obtained that using experimental methods with the STEAM approach in science learning activities significantly contributed to optimizing science education outcomes for elementary students because it actively involved students in gaining meaningful experiences.
Family-Related Factors Influencing KCSE Performance in Public Secondary Schools in Samburu County
Authors: Lanyasunya Ropilo
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to establish the family-related factors that affect students' performance in the Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE) in public secondary schools in Samburu County, with a focus on understanding the unique challenges faced by students from nomadic pastoralist backgrounds. Despite improvements in Kenya’s secondary education system, including increased enrollment and infrastructure, academic performance in Samburu County remains low. From 2001 to 2010, the average KCSE score in the county was 4.4 (D+), highlighting a persistent gap in performance compared to other regions, such as Nairobi. This low academic achievement is believed to be influenced by various family-related factors, which need to be explored further. The study used a mixed-methods approach, collecting data through structured questionnaires from Form IV school leavers and high school principals. The focus was on family-related factors such as the educational level of guardians, parental occupation, and socio-economic status, and their impact on students' KCSE performance. The data was analysed using mean, frequencies, and p-values to identify significant factors. The study found that the level of education of guardians was the most significant family-related factor influencing academic performance. Additionally, socio-economic status and parental occupation were also found to have a notable impact on students' ability to perform well in KCSE. The study concluded that family-related factors, especially the educational background and socio-economic status of parents, significantly affect KCSE performance in Samburu County. The study recommends strategies to improve parental involvement in education, such as increasing awareness about the importance of education, and initiatives aimed at improving the socio-economic conditions of families to support students’ educational outcomes.
Green human resource management and employee engagement in Nigeria-German chemical, Ota, Ogun state, Nigeria
Authors: Adigun Uthman Opeyemi
Published: January 2025

The study explores the relationship between green HRM practices and employee engagement in Nigeria-German Chemicals Plc, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria. The study adopted a descriptive research design. The study involved a population of 407 employees across various departments in Nigeria-German Chemicals Plc. A sample size of 202 was determined using the Taro Yamane formula, ensuring proportional representation from each division. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire with responses measured on a five-point Likert scale. Pearson’s correlation analysis was then employed to assess the strength and direction of the relationships between variables. The findings revealed a positive correlation between green training and development (r = 0.760, p < 0.01) and employee engagement. Similarly, a strong correlation was observed for green employee participation (r = 0.711, p < 0.01). Also, there was a positive correlation between green performance appraisal and employee engagement (r = 0.514, p < 0.01). Lastly, green pay and rewards also demonstrated a strong positive correlation (r = 0.647, p < 0.01). The study concluded that green HRM practices significantly enhance employee engagement within Nigeria-German Chemicals Plc. The study recommended that Nigeria-German Chemicals Plc should integrate green HRM practices into their overall strategy to improve both environmental sustainability and employee motivation.
Enhancing Critical Reflection in Preservice Teacher Internships: Examining the Impact of 360-Degree Video and Virtual Reality Technology
Authors: Stefanski Heather , Ibrahim Mohamed Mostafa
Published: January 2025

Preservice teachers (PSTs) frequently face challenges with classroom management, a key aspect of effective teaching. Reflective practice is crucial for PSTs to enhance their skills, but their reflections tend to be superficial. This mixed-methods study explores whether integrating 360-degree video and virtual reality (VR) technology with a modified Gibb's Reflective Cycle can improve PSTs' critical reflection on their classroom management practices. Twelve PSTs, engaged in full-time internships at middle schools, recorded their lessons using 360-degree cameras and reviewed the footage via VR headsets. Reflections were completed at three stages for each of two observed lessons: immediately after teaching, following a review of 2D video, and after viewing the 360-degree VR video. Paired samples t-tests revealed significant improvements in PSTs' self-assessments of classroom management after reviewing the 360 VR video compared to memory and 2D video. Despite technical issues, the results indicate that immersive 360 VR video, combined with structured reflection, can enhance PSTs' objective self-assessment, inform their pedagogical decision-making, and foster actionable insights to improve classroom management skills. This study contributes to research on immersive technologies in teacher education and underscores the value of structured reflection in supporting PSTs' professional development.
Coste, Florent. 2024. L’ordinaire de la littérature. Que peut (encore) la théorie littéraire ? Paris: La Fabrique.
Authors: Baetens Jan
Published: January 2025

Revue de Florent Coste, L’ordinaire de la littérature. Que peut (encore) la théorie littéraire ? Paris: La Fabrique, 2024. Tout en analysant les raisons qui ont causé le déclin de la théorie littéraire, l’auteur explique la nécessité absolue de la théorie littéraire, non dans le but de sauver une approche institutionnalisée dont il admet les défauts, mais afin d’oeuvrer pour une relance de la théorie sur de toutes nouvelles bases.
The Vitality of Comparative Literature
Authors: Baetens Jan , Meneghelli Donata
Published: January 2025

This essay deals with both the crisis of Comparative Literature andthe aspects that should be considered in a renewed version of the discipline. In recent years, Comparative Literature has been struggling with newer disciplines, like Cultural Studies, Gender Studies, Postcolonial Studies, World Literature, each of them with their new research interests and methodologies. ButComparative Literature has also been quite successful in the integration of these new topics, questions and insights, even ifit sometimes did so by abandoning elements that should remain at the core of its business, like multilingualism, a strong historical perspective, and a persistent focus on textual objects and close reading. This article addresses the importance of these three elements, illustrating them with, first, a literary example (Éric Vuillard’s novel 14 juillet) and, second, a literary-historical example that might serve as a possible model of what Comparative Literature may stand for in the coming years (Nicholas Dames, The Chapter).