bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Leveraging Remotely Sensed and Climatic Data for Improved Crop Yield Prediction in the Chi Basin, Thailand
Authors: Chaiyana Akkarapon , Hanchoowong Ratchawatch , Srihanu Neti , Prasanchum Haris , Kangrang Anongrit , Hormwichian Rattana , Kaewplang Siwa , Koedsin Werapong , Huete Alfredo
Published: February 2024

Predictions of crop production in the Chi basin are of major importance for decision support tools in countries such as Thailand, which aim to increase domestic income and global food security by implementing the appropriate policies. This research aims to establish a predictive model for predicting crop production for an internal crop growth season prior of harvest at the province scale for fourteen provinces in Thailand's Chi basin between 2011 and 2019. We provide approaches for reducing redundant variables and multicollinearity in remotely sensed (RS) and meteorological data to avoid overfitting models using correlation analysis (CA) and variance inflation factor (VIF). Temperature condition index (TCI), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), land surface temperature (LSTnight), and mean temperature (Tmean) were the resulting variables in the prediction model with a p-value < 0.05 and a VIF < 5. The baseline data (2011–2017: June to November) were used to train four regression models, which revealed that eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), random forest (RF), and XGBoost achieved R2 values of 0.95, 0.94, and 0.93, respectively. In addition, the testing dataset (2018–2019) displayed a minimum root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.18 ton/ha for the optimal solution by integrating variables and applying the XGBoost model. Accordingly, it is estimated that between 2020 and 2022, the total crop production in the Chi basin region would be 7.88, 7.64, and 7.72 million tons, respectively. The results demonstrated that the proposed model is proficient at greatly improving crop yield prediction accuracy when compared to a conventional regression method and that it may be deployed in different regions to assist farmers and policymakers in making more informed decisions about agricultural practices and resource allocation.
A Standardized Extract of Microalgae Phaeodactylum tricornutum (Mi136) Inhibit D-gal Induced Cognitive Dysfunction in Mice
Authors: Maury Jonathan , Delbrut Antoine , Villard Vanessa , Pradelles Rémi
Published: February 2024

The microalgae Phaeodactylum tricornutum (PT) is distinguished by its rich nutrient profile, characterized by well-documented neuroprotective activities, including fucoxanthin (FX), a major carotenoid, and polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 PUFA). The current study aims to evaluate the protective effects of a standardized extract of PT (Mi136) containing 2% FX on cognitive function, oxidative stress, and inflammation parameters in a mouse model of accelerated aging. Seventy-two (72) male mice were randomly assigned to the blank control group (BC), negative control group (NC), and four similar microalgae extract of PT groups (branded as BrainPhytTM) with different human equivalent doses. From day 01 to day 51, mice in the BC group were injected with a 0.9% normal saline solution, while mice in all other groups were subcutaneously injected with D-galactose (D-Gal) at a dose of 150 mg/kg once per day, five days per week. Results indicated that, for the three higher microalgae extract of PT dose groups, spatial cognitive function, swim latency, and step-through latency impairments induced by chronic D-Gal intoxication were significantly and fully inhibited, with mean values similar to those in the BC group during each day of testing. Similar benefits were observed in biochemical analysis, specifically regarding brain and plasma levels of lipid peroxidation, TNF-α, and IL-6 markers. These data underscore the positive effects of a standardized extract of PT containing 2% FX on cognitive function parameters such as spatial working memory, long-term memory, and short-term memory through the regulation of oxidative stress and inflammation pathways.
Cloud Computing Transformed IT Organizations With Its On-Demand Model, Notably Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS). Cloud Providers Manage Extensive Physical Devices, Consuming Substantial Energy and Bandwidth for Data Traffic During Virtual Machine D
Authors: Biru Ketema Deresa
Published: February 2024

Cloud computing transformed IT organizations

with its on-demand model, notably Infrastructure

as a Service (IaaS). Cloud providers manage

extensive physical devices, consuming

substantial energy and bandwidth for data traffic

during virtual machine deployment. Balancing

energy and bandwidth are critical. This thesis

presents BOHGOA integrated with ACO to

optimize virtual machine placement in clouds,

simultaneously considering bandwidth and

energy. It yields Pareto-optimal solutions for this

trade-off. Using CloudSim, BOHGOA

outperformed GA, ACO, and FFD algorithms,

reducing bandwidth consumption by 54.14%,

32.11%, 57.47% (240 VMs) and 38.12%,

22.76%, 47.05% (500 VMs) respectively.

Additionally, it decreased physical machine

energy usage by 37.70%, 34.01%, 40.14% (240

VMs) and 27.50%, 22.28%, 30.52% (500 VMs)

respectively. These results underscore

BOHGOA's effectiveness in optimizing cloud

VM placement.
Optimized Solid-Liquid Separation of Phenolics from Lavender Waste and Properties of the Dried Extracts
Authors: Vareltzis Patroklos , Fotiou Dimitrios , Papatheologou Vasiliki , Kyroglou Smaro , Tsachouridou Efthymia , Goula Athanasia M.
Published: February 2024

Lavander distillation leads to huge quantities of solid waste produced yearly. This waste is usually discarded resulting in serious environmental issues. However, it still contains residual essential oil and other bioactive compounds. This research reports on the development and comparison of optimized solid-liquid separation methods, i.e. microwave (MAE) and ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) of phenolic compounds from lavender distillation waste. Optimal pretreatment conditions, such as waste moisture content and particle size were also determined. The extracts were spray or freeze-dried and the resulting powders were characterized for their physicochemical properties. The majority of the original phenolic compounds in lavender were found in the leachate fraction after distillation (61%), while 43% in the solid waste. Drying of the solid waste before extraction affected the process efficiency. UAE led to higher phenolic content and antioxidant properties compared to MAE. Drying (spray or freeze) the extracts did not significantly affect their phenolic content, while the use of maltodextrin as a drying agent improved the drying process yield especially in the freeze-drying method. It is concluded that valorization of lavender distillation wastes can be achieved via an integrated process consisting of a green extraction method and a consequent drying process that result in a stable bioactive powder.
Susceptibility of Mediterranean Buffalo after Experimental Infection with Lumpy Skin Disease Virus.
Authors: Di Felice Elisabetta , Pinoni Chiara , Rossi Emanuela , Amatori Giorgia , Mancuso Elisa , Iapaolo Federica , Taraschi Angela , Di Teodoro Giovanni , Di Donato Guido , Ronchi Gaetano Federico , Mercante Maria Teresa , Di Ventura Mauro , Morelli Daniela , Monaco Federica
Published: February 2024

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a viral disease of cattle and water buffalo characterized by cutaneous nodules, biphasic fever and lymphadenitis. LSD is endemic in Africa and Middle East but in recent years has spread in different Asian countries. Drop of animal productions, vaccination campaign, surveillance costs and trade restrictions have significant impact on the economy of affected countries. The disease is well characterized in cattle while little is known in buffaloes and no experimental studies have been conducted in this species. Six buffaloes and two cattle were inoculated with an Albanian LSD virus (LSDV) field strain. Over a period of 42 days animals were clinically monitored and sampled for serological and virological analysis. Only two buffaloes showed clinical sign, fever, skin nodules and lymphadenitis. All samples tested in real time PCR (blood, swabs, biopsies and organ) gave negative results. Three buffaloes seroconverted at day 39 and 42 post-inoculation, detected by ELISA, but all sera were negative in serum neutralization test. Cattle showed more severe clinical signs. Moreover, viraemia and virus shedding were proven by positive PCR results and antibodies were detected by both ELISA and serum neutralization test. These findings demonstrated the limited susceptibility of buffaloes compared to cattle once experimental infected with LSDV. Further studies are needed to investigate the epidemiological role of the buffaloes.
Female Teenbs and Young Adults with Mental Illness Who Are Autistic: How Common Is It and Why Is It Important?
Authors: McCrossin Robert
Published: February 2024

New information suggests female autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) is much more common than previously thought, with a likely prevalence of 6% and with 80% undiagnosed at the age of 18. ASD then becomes a common comorbidity of femal mental illness with nearly one in five women who develop a mental illness being autistic. ASD has heretofore been regarded as a pediatric condition and tough now thought to be life long it is still not well recognized by adult health services. Most mental illness first presents in the teens and early twenties. Comorbid ASD is more difficult to diagnose due to diagnostic overshadowing, and ASD comorbidity maks the mental illness more severe and mor difficult to treat.. Recognized ASD is readily treatable with an approach sympathetic to neurodiversity. Improving the pathway from adolescence to adulthood by increasing knowledge of autism in adult health services would dramatically improve female mental health at surprisingly little extra cost. It is low hanging fruit in a very fraught area of healthcare. This paper will examine the extent of the problem. It will explore solutions and quantify the gains of appropriate therapy.
Labor Force Participation Rate and Expected Length of Retirement 2001-2047: A Case Study in Malaysia
Authors: Ramli Suraya Fadilah , Ismail Noriszura , Isa Zaidi , Roslan Nur Firyal , Ab Razak Ruzanna , Aminuddin Jafry Nurul Hanis
Published: February 2024

The ageing global population and changing labor force participation are having a profound impact on state pension programs worldwide, including Malaysia. However, the effects of an ageing workforce and declining fertility rates are having a significant impact on future trends in labor force participation and the duration of retirement. This paper presents an innovative examination of labor force participation rate (LFPR) forecasting within the context of an aging workforce, utilizing the Lee-Carter and Cairns-Blake Dowd stochastic models, traditionally applied to mortality data. By adapting these models to LFPR data, the study offers a novel perspective on predicting workforce participation trends and understanding the dynamics of retirement planning from year 2001 to 2047. Additionally, by incorporating the mortality forecasts from the United Nations, the research navigates through the complexities of applying actuarial methods to labor economics, revealing differentiated pathways for male and female participation in the labor market and the anticipated length of retirement. This study offers a unique comparison between the Lee-Carter and the Cairns-Blake-Dowd (CBD) LFPR models. It focuses on fitting and forecasting the LFPR of senior employees aged 50 to 64. The results highlighted discrepancies among models that demonstrated evidence of model risk for extended retirement duration.
Management of Donkeys in Assisted Interventions: a Snapshot
Authors: Sobrero Lucia , Dalla Costa Emanuela , Minero Michela
Published: February 2024

People working in the field of Animal-Assisted Interventions (AAI) often state that they perceive animal welfare as a matter of paramount importance, nevertheless most of scientific literature focuses on the effectiveness of interventions from the user's perspective. Before focusing on animals’ management and welfare during the interaction with users, it would be important to ensure animal welfare during their “ordinary lives”. This article reports information and considerations about the management of donkeys involved in AAI in Northern Italy. Six facilities with several years of experience in Donkey-Assisted Interventions were visited for the purpose of an initial data collection regarding the management of donkeys involved in AAI. A general lack of knowledge regarding the nutritional needs of the donkey and a heterogeneity of practices in the field of its preventive medicine have been identified; the study also highlighted a need for efforts to create a more stimulating and enriched environment for animals involved in AAI. Some possible areas for improvement in the management of donkeys involved in AAI have been highlighted. Further studies are necessary to provide a more comprehensive picture of the welfare of donkeys involved in this context.
Molecular Structure of Functional Proteins and Their Properties in the Sandworm
Authors: Song Tuo , Cheng Jun , Ye Shijia , Wu Wenhui
Published: February 2024

Nereis as a mudflat organism has a variety of uses, in the history of China as a Chinese herbal record, because of its body contains rich amino acids, fatty acids and other nutrients, it can be used for therapeutic treatment and treatment can also be used as health care products. acids, fatty acids and other nutrients, it can be used for therapeutic treatment and treatment can also be used as health care products. In modern times, more and more researchers have studied the protease extract of Nereis as a mudflat organism. In modern times, more and more researchers have studied the protease extracted from the body of nereis and found that there are a variety of functional proteins in nereis, including superoxide dismutase, superoxide dismutase, superoxide dismutase and superoxide dismutase. More and more researchers have studied the proteases extracted from the body of nereis and found that there are a variety of functional proteins in nereis, including superoxide dismutase, adenylate cyclase, glycosidase, and plasminase. In this paper, the functional proteases in the extracts of nereis were summarized, and the functions and characteristics of proteases in nereis were discussed from the perspective of molecular structure.
Beyond Quiescent and Active: Intermediate Microglial Transcriptomic States in a Mouse Model of Down Syndrome
Authors: Fernández-Blanco Álvaro , Sierra Cèsar , Tejido Clara , Dierssen Mara
Published: February 2024

Research on microglia in Down syndrome (DS) has shown that microglial activation, increased inflammatory gene expression, and oxidative stress occur at different ages in DS brains. However, most studies resulted in simplistic definitions of microglia as quiescent or active, ignoring potential intermediate states. However, a recent work on microglial cells in young DS brains indicated that those evolve through different intermediate activation phenotypes before reaching a full activated state. Here we used single nucleus RNA sequencing, to examine how trisomy affects microglial states in the Ts65Dn mouse model of DS. Despite no substantial changes in the proportion of glial populations, differential expression analysis revealed cell type-specific gene expression changes, most notably in astroglia, microglia, and oligodendroglia. Focusing on microglia, we identified differential expression of genes associated with different microglial states, including disease-associated microglia (DAMs), activated response microglia (ARMs), and human Alzheimer’s disease microglia (HAMs), in trisomic microglia. Furthermore, pseudotime analysis reveals a unique reactivity profile in Ts65Dn microglia, with fewer in a homeostatic state and more in an intermediate aberrantly reactive state than in euploid microglia. This comprehensive understanding of microglial transcriptional dynamics sheds light on potential pathogenetic mechanisms but also possible avenues for therapy for neurodevelopmental disorders.
Small Molecules of Lactoferrin Modification by Ionic Liquids Against SARS-CoV-2: Molecular Docking Enhanced the Results
Authors: Senan Ahmed M , Muhammed Muhammed Tilahun , Akkoc Senem , Alhag Sadeq K. , A.Al-Shahari Eman , Al-Shuraym Laila A. , Alsudays Ibtisam M. , AKTAŞ Ahmet Hakan
Published: February 2024

Ionic liquid MIE-NH2 displays a new role of development of modification of glycoproteins of lactoferrin through a reductive amination mechanism to synthesize versatile pharmaceuticals. This work introduces a new strategy of modification of Lactoferrin by using methylimidazolium N-ethylamine, this ionic liquid MIE-NH2 linked to N-glycans in Lactoferrin derivatives. Using UPLC/ESI-QTOF and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry to perform and detect the modifying of ionic liquid-linked glycoproteins. Relevantly, modifying the lactoferrin by MIE-H2 as a small molecule of ion liquid lactoferrin (IL-Lf), which could be a potential antiviral drug and it is achieved by inhibiting various targets. The probability of the lactoferrin modified as a small IL-Lf-molecule to inhibit any of these targets was investigated to find out its potency as a SARS-CoV-2 inhibitor. Molecular docking disclosed the activity of modifying glycoproteins - small IL-Lf-molecules containing amino groups and interaction with targeted Mpro, RdRp, TMPRSS2, and PLpro. Clinically, this study shows the a volubility to provide small IL-Lf-molecules as significantly important drugs that target main protease (Mpro), RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2), and Papain-like protease (PLpro).
Frankincense (Boswellia serrata) Extract Effects on the Growth, Biofilm Formation, and Intracellular Infection of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum in Human Gingival Epithelial Cells
Authors: Vang David , Moreira-Souza Aline Cristina de Abreu , Zusman Nicholas , Moncada German , Matshik Dakafay Harmony , Asadi Homayon , Ojcius David M. , Almeida-da-Silva Cassio Luiz Coutinho
Published: February 2024

Boswellia trees are the source of frankincense, which can be found throughout the Middle East and parts of Africa and Asia. Boswellia serrata extract has been shown to have anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-microbial effects. Periodontitis is an oral chronic inflammatory disease that affects nearly half of the US population. We investigated the antimicrobial effects of B. serrata extract on two oral pathogens associated with periodontitis. Using the minimum inhibitory concentration and crystal violet staining methods, we demonstrated that Porphyromonas gingivalis growth and biofilm formation were impaired by treatment with B. serrata extracts. However, there were no significant effects on Fusobacterium nucleatum growth and biofilm formation. Using colony-forming units quantification and microscopy techniques, we also showed that concentrations of B. serrata that were not toxic for host cells decreased intracellular P. gingivalis infection in human gingival epithelial cells. Our results show antimicrobial activity of a natural product extracted from Boswellia trees (B. serrata) against periodontopathogens. Thus, B. serrata has the therapeutic potential for preventing and/or treating periodontal diseases. Future studies will identify molecular components of B. serrata extracts responsible for the beneficial effects.
Kajian Etnosains dalam Cap Go Meh Singkawang sebagai Media Pembelajaran IPA Kelas IV
Authors: Indah Pranata Teofilus , Sulistri Emi , Mariyam Mariyam
Published: February 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: 1) untuk mengetahui identifikasi bunyi-bunyi yang ada pada perayaan Cap Go Meh Kota Singkawang; 2) untuk mendeskripsikan rekontruksi etnosains pada budaya Cap Go Meh dalam pembelajaran IPA; 3) untuk mendeskripsikan implementasi proses pembelajaran etnosains pada budaya Cap Go Meh. Penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif yang mana menggunakan observasi dan wawancara. Penelitian ini dilakukan dikomunitas FOBI (Federasi Olahraga Barongsai Indonesia) yang mana tempatnya ada di SMK Mudita Singkawang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa; 1) dari hasil identifikasi bunyi-bunyi yang ada pada alat musik Cap Go Meh terdapat unsur sifat-sifat dasar bunyi; 2) rekontruksi pada budaya Cap Go Meh dapat dikaitkan dengan pembelajaran karna dalam permainan alat musik Cap Go Meh memiliki unsur sifat-sifat dasar bunyi; 3) implementasi proses pembelajaran etnosains pada budaya Cap Go Meh dapat diterapkan dan dikolaborasikan dalam bentuk RPP pada kegiatan inti dalam penyampaiannya dengan menggunakan media Audio visual.
Pronóstico a 6 meses del paciente con Hematoma Subdural Agudo según el tiempo de inicio de su tratamiento quirúrgico en un Hospital Público Peruano
Authors:   , Zamudio Alomia Alejandro Enrique
Published: February 2024

Objetivo del estudio: Determinar el pronóstico a 6 meses del paciente con Hematoma Subdural Agudo según el tiempo de inicio de su tratamiento quirúrgico en un hospital público peruano. Metodología: el diseño de estudio será observacional, analítico de casos y controles, retrospectivo. La población estará conformada por 350 pacientes post-operados por hematoma subdural agudo en el servicio de Neurocirugía del Hospital Emergencia Casimiro Ulloa durante el período enero 2017 a diciembre 2022. La técnica de recolección de datos será documental, mientras que el instrumento será una ficha de recolección de datos. En el análisis de datos para determinar el posible pronóstico del paciente con Hematoma Subdural Agudo según el tiempo de inicio de su tratamiento quirúrgico en el Hospital Emergencia Casimiro Ulloa, se utilizará la prueba estadística T de Student o en su defecto la prueba no paramétrica U de Mann Whitney, de acuerdo a la previa evaluación de la distribución normal de los datos (Prueba de Kolmogórov-Smirnov). Se tomará un nivel de significancia del 5%, es decir, un p-valor < 0.05 será significativo. Mediante el análisis multivariado se realizará un modelo de regresión logística en la que se incluirá a la variable tiempo de inicio del tratamiento quirúrgico según sus indicadores y, además se considerarán las características generales que incluyan en el pronóstico desfavorable o favorables por Hematoma Subdural Agudo, además se determinará el ORa (Odds Ratio ajustado).
Percepción del modelo de aula invertida en estudiantes de técnica operatoria en una Universidad privada de Lima, Perú, 2019-2021. Estudio de caso.
Authors:   , Vargas Salas Maritza Roxana
Published: February 2024

La aplicación del aula invertida para el aprendizaje de Cirugía es eficaz. El objetivo general del presente estudio es conocer la experiencia de su uso en el aprendizaje de Técnica Operatoria, un capítulo básico para la formación quirúrgica profesional sobre técnicas en cirugía y normas de bioseguridad. Específicamente, se pretende conocer la percepción de mejora del aprendizaje de estudiantes peruanos de Cirugía pertenecientes al noveno ciclo de la carrera de Medicina Humana. El enfoque empleado es cualitativo, basado en el diseño de un estudio de caso desde el paradigma realista. Asimismo, el enfoque de análisis temático deductivo de la experiencia de uso del aula invertida se ha realizado empleando como herramienta a grupos focales. Las conclusiones del estudio demuestran que, tanto en clases presenciales como en virtuales, el modelo de aula invertida genera una percepción positiva de aprendizaje en los estudiantes involucrados. Como objetivos específicos, además, se evidenció que la apreciación de la labor del docente fue adecuada. Así también, se advirtió que lo aprendido pudo ser aplicado en subsiguientes estudios. Por último, se observó que, con respecto al uso de las TIC en la fase presencial, estas cumplieron su función como fuentes de información y fueron valiosas en la adaptación del modelo presencial al virtual. Estos resultados, así como las oportunidades de mejora detectadas, son consecuencia del reto que significa aplicar, en un entorno cada vez más digital, el aula invertida, la cual está orientada al cumplimiento de las metas de formación por competencias de estudiantes de Medicina Humana.
Risk factors for cognitive impairment in patients with epilepsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Xu Weiwei , Zou Lin , Wang Ying , Wang Sumei , Wang Kaiyue , Li Lili , Zhang Mi , Yang Songyi , Liu Jinmin
Published: February 2024

Introduction Epilepsy is a common neurological disease affecting at least 50 million people globally. Cognitive impairment is a recognised comorbidity in patients with epilepsy (PWE) and is associated with low quality of life. A large number of studies have investigated the relevant risk factors of cognitive impairment in PWE, while these results were not consistent. The main aim of our study is to review the risk factors that increase the likelihood of cognitive impairment in PWE.
Methods and analysis We will search the literature that reported risk factors for cognitive impairment in PWE in the following online databases from inception to October 2022: China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wan Fang database, VIP, the Chinese clinical trial registry, China Biology Medicine disc, PubMed, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, and Web of science. Two independent authors will screen the eligible literature according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data extraction will also be conducted by two independent authors, and discrepancies will be solved by a third author. We will use the software Revman 5.4 and Stata 15.1 to perform data synthesis, sensitivity analysis, and meta-regression. If data are sufficient, we will also perform the subgroup analysis. The quality of evidence will be evaluated by the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation(GRADE).
Discussion Our study can assist clinicians in better understanding and managing this disease through reviewing the risk factors of cognitive impairment in PWE. We also expect this study can provide reliable evidence for this unanswered research question and promote the development of the prevention and treatment of cognitive impairment in PWE.
Registration number CRD 42022365184.
Non-pharmacological interventions to prevent PICS in critically ill adult patients: a protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Sun Xiaoying , Tao Qian , Cui Qing , Liu Yaqiong , Cheng Shouzhen
Published: February 2024

Background
Postintensive care syndrome (PICS) is common in critically ill adults who were treated in the intensive care unit (ICU). Although comparative analyses between types of non-pharmacological measures and usual care to prevent PICS have been performed, it remains unclear which of these potential treatments is the most effective for prevention.
Methods
To obtain the best evidence for non-pharmaceutical interventions in preventing PICS, a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analyses (NMAs) will be conducted by searching nine electronic databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Two reviewers will carefully screen the titles, abstracts, and full-text papers to identify and extract relevant data. Furthermore, the research team will meticulously check the bibliographic references of the selected studies and related reviews to discover any articles pertinent to this research. The primary focus of the study is to examine the prevalence and severity of PICS among critically ill patients admitted to the ICU. The additional outcomes encompass patient satisfaction and adverse effects related to the preventive intervention. The Cochrane Collaboration’s risk of bias assessment tool will be utilized to evaluate the risk of bias in the included RCTs. To assess the efficacy of various preventative measures, traditional pairwise meta-analysis and Bayesian NMA will be used. To gauge the confidence in the evidence supporting the results, we will utilize the Confidence in NMA tool.
Discussion
There are multiple non-pharmacological interventions available for preventing the occurrence and development of PICS. However, most approaches have only been directly compared to standard care, lacking comprehensive evidence and clinical balance. Although the most effective care methods are still unknown, our research will provide valuable evidence for further non-pharmacological interventions and clinical practices aimed at preventing PICS. The research is expected to offer useful data to help healthcare workers and those creating guidelines decide on the most effective path of action for preventing PICS in adult ICU patients.
Systematic review registration CRD42023439343
Machine Learning Predicts Cerebral Vasospasm in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Patients
Authors: Zarrin David , Suri Abhinav , McCarthy Karen , Gaonkar Bilwaj , Wilson Bayard , Colby Geoffrey , Freundlich Robert , Macyszyn Luke , Gabel Eilon
Published: February 2024

Background
Cerebral vasospasm (CV) is a feared complication occurring in 20-40% of patients following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and is known to contribute to delayed cerebral ischemia. It is standard practice to admit SAH patients to intensive care for an extended period of vigilant, resource-intensive, clinical monitoring. We used machine learning to predict CV requiring verapamil (CVRV) in the largest and only multi-center study to date.

Methods
SAH patients admitted to UCLA from 2013-2022 and a validation cohort from VUMC from 2018-2023 were included. For each patient, 172 unique intensive care unit (ICU) variables were extracted through the primary endpoint, namely first verapamil administration or ICU downgrade. At each institution, a light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM) was trained using five-fold cross validation to predict the primary endpoint at various timepoints during hospital admission. Receiver-operator curves (ROC) and precision-recall (PR) curves were generated.

Results
A total of 1,750 patients were included from UCLA, 125 receiving verapamil. LightGBM achieved an area under the ROC (AUC) of 0.88 an average of over one week in advance, and successfully ruled out 8% of non-verapamil patients with zero false negatives. Minimum leukocyte count, maximum platelet count, and maximum intracranial pressure were the variables with highest predictive accuracy. Our models predicted “no CVRV” vs “CVRV within three days” vs “CVRV after three days” with AUCs=0.88, 0.83, and 0.88, respectively. For external validation at VUMC, 1,654 patients were included, 75 receiving verapamil. Predictive models at VUMC performed very similarly to those at UCLA, averaging 0.01 AUC points lower.

Conclusions
We present an accurate (AUC=0.88) and early (>1 week prior) predictor of CVRV using machine learning over two large cohorts of subarachnoid hemorrhage patients at separate institutions. This represents a significant step towards optimized clinical management and improved resource allocation in the intensive care setting of subarachnoid hemorrhage patients.
The Effect of Chia Seed on Fattening Performance and Meat Shelf Life of Broiler Chickens
Authors: ÇELİKOĞLU Onur , Oguz Fatma Karakas
Published: February 2024

This study aims to determine the effect of chia seeds added to broiler rations at the level of 5% on live weight, live weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, breast meat fatty acid profile and meat shelf life. A total of 112 daily-aged Sasso chicks were used in the experiment. Chicks were divided into 2 groups of 56 animals. Each group is divided into 8 subgroups of 7 broilers. The experimental group ration was prepared to contain 5% chia seeds starting from the 15th day. During the experiment, feed and water were given ad libitum. Before the experiment, a 14-day initial ration was applied to all groups. The trial lasted 49 days. In the study, there was no statistical difference between the groups in terms of body weight, live weight gain, feed consumption and feed conversion rates (P>0.05). At the end of the experiment, the breast meat Linolenic acid ratio of the experimental group (2.02%) was significantly higher than the control group (1.07%) (P<0.05). The arachidonic acid ratio was found to be significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group (P<0.05). While the TBARS value of breast meats kept at +4°C for seven days increased in the control group, it decreased significantly in the experimental group (P<0.05). As a result of this study, it can be said that chia seeds have a positive effect on the shelf life of broiler meat.
Evaluation of the quality of internet content available to patients regarding colorectal involvement of endometriosis and associated surgical treatments
Authors: Chuah Yeong Huei Desmond , Liau Yun Hui , Neary Paul , DeMaio Alison , O'Neill Aoife , Clancy Cillian
Published: February 2024

Background: Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory condition that can infiltrate the rectum and colon in a significant proportion of those affected. Patients commonly seek information regarding their diagnosis and treatment on the internet. Information available, however, may be incomplete or not applicable to all cases. This study aims to evaluate the quality and content of internet information on colorectal endometriosis treatment.
Methods: The search term ‘colorectal endometriosis’ was used to identify websites on popular search engines including Google, Yahoo, and Bing. Websites were classified into 4 subtypes: Academic Institutions, Private Medical Centres, Non-profit Organisations, and Commercial Websites. Two independent assessors evaluated the quality of the websites using the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmark criteria and the DISCERN scoring system.
Results: Sixteen websites were identified. 25% from Academic Institutions, 25% from Private Medical Centres, 12.5% from Non-profit Organisations, and 37.5% were Commercial Websites. Mean(±SD) JAMA criteria and DISCERN scores for all websites were noted as 1.38±1.29 and 44.75±14.53 respectively. Most websites adequately discussed treatment options, mean(±SD) DISCERN score 3.69±1.40. Risks of surgeries were infrequently discussed, mean(±SD) DISCERN score 2.56±1.50. Only 50% of the websites discussed complications of colorectal surgery including anastomotic leak and stoma requirement.
Conclusion: This study demonstrated variable levels of quality and reliability of internet content regarding colorectal endometriosis treatment and associated complications. These findings can be highlighted to patients using the internet to obtain information on colorectal endometriosis.
A novel Approach in MRI Signal Processing for Unveiling the Intricacies of Brain Axonal Organization
Authors: Puri Ashishi , Kumar Sanjeev
Published: February 2024

This article introduces an innovative methodology to unveil the intricacies of white matter fiber pathways in the brain using diffusion MRI. Relying on the rationale that traditional methods observe a significant decrease in signal intensity values in the direction of higher diffusivity, our novel approach strategically opts for diffusion-sensitizing gradient directions (dSGDs, representing the directions along which signals are generated) aligned with reduced signal intensities. By treating these chosen directions as maximum diffusivity directions, we generate uniformly distributed gradient directions (GDs) around them, which are subsequently employed in the reconstruction process. This approach overcomes drawbacks present in existing methods, such as the uniform gradient directions (UGDs) approach, which exhibits gradient direction redundancy, and the adaptive gradient direction (AGDs) approach, requiring solving the linear system twice per voxel. Our method simultaneously addresses both limitations, offering a more efficient and streamlined process. The effectiveness of our proposed methodology is rigorously evaluated through simulations and experiments involving real data, showcasing its superior performance in uncovering the complex white matter fiber pathways in the brain.
Sodium butyrate improves renal injury in diabetic nephropathy through AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway
Authors: Kaili Ye , Yanling Zhao , Wen Huang , Yonglin Zhu
Published: February 2024

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a prototypical chronic energy metabolism imbalance disease. The AMPK/Sirt1/PGC-1α signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in regulating energy metabolism throughout the body. Gut microbiota ferment indigestible carbohydrates to produce a variety of metabolites, particularly short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which exert positive effects on energy metabolism. However, the potential for SCFAs to ameliorate DN-associated renal injury via the AMPK/Sirt1/PGC-1α pathway remains a matter of debate. In this study, we investigated the effects of sodium butyrate (NaB), a SCFA, on energy metabolism in mice with spontaneous DN at two different doses. Body weight, blood glucose and lipid levels, urinary protein excretion, liver and kidney function, interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels, and the expressions of AMPK, phosphorylated AMPK (p-AMPK), mitofusin 2 (MFN2), optic atrophy 1 (OPA1), and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) were monitored in mice. Additionally, butyrate levels, gut microbiota composition, and diversity in colonic stool were also assessed. Our findings demonstrate that exogenous NaB supplementation can improve hyperglycemia and albuminuria, reduce renal tissue inflammation, inhibit extracellular matrix accumulation and glomerular hypertrophy, and increase intestinal butyrate content while altering the gut microbiota composition in DN. Furthermore, NaB was found to upregulate the expressions of MFN2, OPA1, p-AMPK, and GLP-1R in DN renal tissue. These results suggest that NaB can improve the composition of gut microbiota in DN, activate the AMPK/Sirt1/PGC-1α signaling pathway, and enhance mitochondrial function to regulate energy metabolism throughout the body. Collectively, our findings indicate that NaB may be a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of DN.
Running ameliorates methamphetamine-associated cognitive impairment by regulating hippocampal neurogenesis through the GSK3β/β-catenin pathway
Authors: Wang Huijun , Lu Jiancong , Chen Chuanxiang , Liu Ce , Zhang Jingyi , Zhang Liang , Zhang Cui , Zhang Yining , Chen Xiaojun , Qiu Feng , Zhao Xu
Published: February 2024

Physical exercise is a non-pharmacological therapy that has been widely used in drug rehabilitation centers for the treatment of methamphetamine (METH). METH caused cognitive impairment and suppresses adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) in experimental animals. Exercise can improve cognitive impairment caused by multiple factors through AHN. However, little is known about the role of AHN and exercise in METH-neurotoxic injury. We aim to investigate whether running could ameliorate METH-related cognitive impairment by promoting AHN and the underlying mechanisms. Behavioral experiments were performed to detect behavioral changes in running exercise-treated mice exposed to METH. Immunofluorescence was used to analyze the hippocampal neurogenic lineage, and western blotting and qRT-PCR were used to analyze the expression levels of GSK3β/β-catenin and downstream transcription factors. AAV-Nestin-Ctnnb1 was used to overexpress β-catenin in neural stem cells (NSCs). We found that low-dose METH induced cognitive impairment and decreased AHN instead of inducing cell death in the hippocampus. Moreover, it diminished the proliferation and differentiation of NSCs in the dentate gyrus. Running ameliorated METH-related cognitive impairment by modulating AHN through the GSK3β/β-catenin pathway. Notably, overexpressing β-catenin in NSCs promoted the expression of its downstream transcription factors, rescued AHN, and exerted effects of ameliorating cognitive impairment. Our findings show that METH could cause cognitive impairment through weaken the AHN, and running could effectively ameliorate METH-related cognitive impairment by enhancing AHN through the GSK3β/β-catenin pathway. In addition, our findings provide insights into how exercise ameliorates METH-related cognitive impairment and theoretical basis for exercise therapy.
Protein affects the digestibility of starch in rice pasta
Authors: Chen Mingfen , Lu Tingjang
Published: February 2024

Controlling blood glucose is an important issue and a popular topic of discussion worldwide as it affects a wide range of diseases and demands attention not only from individuals with diabetes, but also from the elderly and even healthy individuals. The digestion of starch is affected by the presence of proteins, which can interact with it. This project aimed to investigate the starch digestibility of rice pasta by replacing the original plant protein with varied plant proteins such as pea protein, soybean protein, and rice protein, and measuring their physicochemical properties, cooking quality, and eating quality after cooking. The results revealed that the addition of plant proteins decreased the peak viscosity, final viscosity, and setback of rice flour, while increasing the cooking loss and decreasing the hardness of rice pasta. Furthermore, the use of pea protein to make rice pasta resulted in a lower estimated glycemic index, which was mainly due to the lower content of rapidly digestible starch.
CoSpred: Machine learning workflow to predict tandem mass spectrum in proteomics
Authors: Stanton Robert , Xue Liang , Tiwary Shivani , Bordyuh Mykola , Beltran Pierre Jean
Published: February 2024

In mass spectrometry-based proteomics, the identification and quantification of peptides and proteins is usually done using database search algorithms or spectral library matching. The use of deep learning algorithms can help improve the identification rates of peptides and proteins through the generation of high-fidelity theoretical spectrum which can be used as the basis of a more complete spectral library than those presently available. Current methods focus on predicting only backbone ions, such as y- and b- ions. However, the inclusion of non-backbone ions is necessary to truly improve spectral library matching. Here we focus on providing a user-friendly machine learning workflow, which we call Complete Spectrum Predictor (CoSpred). Using CoSpred users can create their own machine learning compatible training dataset and then train a Machine Learning model to predict both backbone and non-backbone ions. For the model a transformer encoder architecture is used to predict the complete MS/MS spectrum from a given peptide sequence. This model does not require background knowledge of fragment ion annotations or fragmentation rules. The model outputs the set of pairs (Mi, Ii) where Mi is the m/z (mass-to-charge ratio) of a peak in the spectrum and Ii is the intensity of the peak. The model presented here for validation was trained on the dataset available in the MassIVE data repository and shows superior performance in terms of various metrics (e.g. precision/recall for mass, cosine similarity for peak intensity, etc) between the true and predicted spectra. Furthermore, CoSpred can be used to create custom models that allow for accurate spectrum prediction for different experimental conditions. In addition to the transformer model provided in the package, the code is built modularly to allow for alternate ML models to be easily “plugged in”. The CoSpred workflow (preprocessing->training->inference) provides a path for state-of-art ML capabilities to be more accessible to proteomics scientists.
Traveling waves of a modified Holling-Tanner predator-prey model with degenerate diffusive
Authors: Zhao Zhihong , Cui Huan , Shen Yuwei
Published: February 2024

This paper is concern with the traveling waves for a modified Holling-Tanner predator-prey model with degenerate diffusion. Different from the established approaches of constructing upper-lower solutions, we construct a new and suitable pair of upper-lower solutions by solving three differential equations and establish the existence of traveling waves for any c ≥ c∗ when n ≥ 0. In addition, we obtain the minimal wave speed c∗ = 2√r when n = 0, without reconstructing the upper-lower solutions. Furthermore, the asymptotic behavior of traveling waves at infinity is obtained by the upper-lower solutions and the contracting rectangle method.
Mathematics Subject Classification. 35C07, 35A01, 35K10.
Multiomic Analysis of Monocyte-Derived Alveolar Macrophages in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Zhang Miaomiao , Zhang Jinghao , Hu Haisheng , Zhou Yuan , Lin ZhiWei , Jing Hui , Sun Baoqing
Published: February 2024

Background
Monocyte-derived alveolar macrophages (Mo_AMs) are increasingly recognised as potential pathogenic factors for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). While single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) analysis has proven valuable in the transcriptome profiling of Mo_AMs at single-cell resolution, the integration of scRNAseq with bulk RNA sequencing (bulkseq) and single-cell assay for transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing (scATACseq) may provide additional dimensions of understanding of these cellular populations involved in IPF.
Methods
We analysed 116 scRNAseq samples, 119 bulkseq samples, and five scATACseq samples of lung tissue. We built a large-scale IPF scRNAseq atlas and then performed the trajectory analysis to explore the developmental path and differences of Mo_AMs subpopulations. Additionally, to determine whether Mo_AMs affected pulmonary function, we projected clinical phenotypes (forced vital capacity, FVC%pred) from the bulkseq dataset onto the scRNAseq atlas using the R package Scissor. To gain a deeper insight into the cell–cell interaction of Mo_AMs, we used the R package CellChat and further validated the downstream mechanism. Finally, we used scATATCseq to uncover the upstream regulatory mechanisms and determine key drivers of transcription factors in Mo_AMs.
Results
We identified three Mo_AMs clusters: Mon_macs, CCL2_RecMacs, and SPP1_RecMacs. The trajectory analysis further validated the origin and differentiation of these three clusters, and APOE was found to be essential for differentiation of the trajectory. Moreover, the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis was found to be involved in the molecular basis of reciprocal interactions between Mo_AMs and fibroblasts through the activation of the ERK pathway in Mo_AMs. Subsequently, the proportions of CCL2_RecMacs and SPP1_RecMacs were found to be higher in the low-FVC group than in the high-FVC group. Additionally, SPIB (PU.1), JUNB, JUND, BACH2, FOSL2, and SMARCC1 showed stronger association with open chromatin of Mo_AMs than tissue-resident alveolar macrophages. SMAD2 and PPARγ could be the potential drivers during Mo_AM differentiation.
Conclusion
Mo_AMs may influence FVC% pred and aggravate pulmonary fibrosis through the communication with fibroblasts. Furthermore, Mo_AM differentiation may be regulated by distinctive transcriptional regulators. Overall, through multiomic analysis, this work provides a global overview of how Mo_AMs govern IPF and also helps determine better approaches and intervention therapies.