bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationship among phenotypic and quality traits in indigenous and exotic accessions of linseed
Authors: Siddiqui Ameena , Shukla Sudhir , Rastogi Anu , Bhargava Atul , Niranjan Abhishek , Lehri Alok
Published: February 2017

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the relationship among phenotypic and quality traits in a set of indigenous and exotic accessions of linseed (Linum usitatissimum). The experimental material consisted of 151 accessions of linseed belonging to landraces and cultivars collected from diverse agroecological zones. Five randomly chosen plants of each accession in each replicate were tagged, and data were recorded for the 12 following agronomic traits: days to flowering, days to maturity, plant weight, plant height, tillers per plant, secondary branches per plant, capsules per plant, seeds per capsule, 1,000 seed weight, harvest index, seed yield per plant, and oil content. Capsules per plant, harvest index, and plant weight played a direct and indirect major role on seed yield. High heritability, coupled with high genetic advance for plant weight, secondary branches per plant, capsules per plant, and seed yield per plant, suggests that selection based on these traits can be effective. Regarding per se performance, the following accessions can be exploited for commercial cultivation: Shweta (5.41 g), Gaurav (5.07 g), and EX-3-3 (4.77 g) for seed yield; and Shubhra (45.09%), Mukta (44.94%), Laxmi-27 (45.06%), and Shweta (44.25%) for oil content. The chemical profiling of fatty acids obtained in the present study can provide a platform for the selection of accessions for the genetic improvement of linseed.
Validação e correção de fenótipos na seleção genômica ampla
Authors: Almeida Ísis Fernanda de , Cruz Cosme Damião , Resende Marcos Deon Vilela de
Published: February 2017

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência da distribuição dos efeitos de QTL, do tipo de população de validação e da correção dos fenótipos sobre a acurácia da seleção genômica ampla. Duas populações de irmãos completos, com 500 indivíduos, foram simuladas, tendo-se considerado, genotipicamente, 1.000 locos marcadores - 100 ligados a QTL. Os efeitos de QTL apresentaram distribuição uniforme ou exponencial. Na validação 1, uma amostra com 100 indivíduos constituiu a população de validação; na validação 2, aplicou-se a validação cruzada, com amostra de 100 indivíduos em cinco repetições; e na 3, uma segunda geração constituiu a população de validação. As metodologias de análise utilizadas foram RR-Blup e Blasso, com modelos mistos para correção dos fenótipos. Sem correção fenotípica, a distribuição exponencial proporcionou maiores acurácias, e o método Blasso foi mais acurado com essa distribuição; enquanto o RRBlup foi mais acurado com a distribuição uniforme. Nesse cenário sem correção, as validações 1 e 3 foram mais acuradas. Com correção, as distribuições exponencial e uniforme produziram acurácias similares, e o método Blasso mostrou-se mais acurado para ambas. Nesse cenário, as validações 1 e 2 foram mais acuradas. No geral, o método RR-Blup foi mais acurado, e o Blasso menos viciado.
Classificação orientada a objeto em associação às ferramentas reflectância acumulada e mineração de dados
Authors: Grande Thallita Oliveira de , Almeida Tati de , Cicerelli Rejane Ennes
Published: February 2017

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi utilizar as técnicas de reflectância acumulada e mineração de dados, seguidas por classificação orientada a objeto, em imagens do sensor Operational Land Imager (OLI), satélite Landsat 8, para a classificação de vegetação nativa e cobertura agropecuária do Cerrado. Quatro imagens de reflectância foram utilizadas para a discriminação de seis classes - agricultura, pecuária, campo limpo úmido, savana, floresta e campo -, para a classificação do Parque Nacional das Emas, no Estado de Goiás, e adjacências. As imagens foram segmentadas para a extração de atributos espectrais de amostras e a aplicação de combinações de atributos (média + moda, todos os atributos) na mineração de dados. O programa Weka foi utilizado para a construção das árvores de decisão. Essa metodologia indicou que a diferenciação entre alvos aumentou a partir da acumulação temporal da reflectância, em todas as bandas e as classes, e a melhor imagem foi aquela do somatório das quatro datas. A classificação baseada na associação de atributos média + moda não apresentou impedimentos no processamento das regras de decisão, diferentemente da associação de todos os atributos. A classificação média + moda apresentou acurácia satisfatória (exatidão global, 69%; Kappa, 58%; e TAU, 63%). A integração dessas técnicas apresenta potencial para a diferenciação de vegetação nativa e antrópica do Cerrado.
Frações granulométricas da matéria orgânica do solo em consórcio de milho safrinha com capim-marandu sob fontes de nitrogênio
Authors: Faccin Fabiane Cargnin , Marchetti Marlene Estevão , Serra Ademar Pereira , Ensinas Simone Cândido
Published: February 2017

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o efeito do consórcio de milho safrinha com Urochloa brizantha 'Marandu' e de fontes de nitrogênio nas frações granulométricas da matéria orgânica do solo em sistema plantio direto. Os tratamentos foram dispostos em arranjo fatorial 2x4 - dois tipos de cultivo de milho (com ou sem pasto) e quatro fontes de nitrogênio (sem nitrogênio, ureia, sulfato de amônio+ureia e sulfato de amônio) -, em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. O experimento foi conduzido de 2005 a 2013. As coletas do solo foram realizadas em 2013, após a colheita do milho no outono/inverno, em quatro profundidades: 0-5, 5-10, 10-20 e 20-40 cm. Foram determinados os teores de carbono orgânico total (COT), lábil (CL), particulado (COP) e mineral (COM). O consórcio de milho com U. brizantha 'Marandu' resulta em maior teor de COT, CL e COP do que o cultivo de milho solteiro no outono/inverno. O sulfato de amônio+ureia aumenta os teores de COT na camada de 0-5 cm, mas os diminui na de 20-40 cm, além de incrementar os teores de COM em todas as profundidades. Os maiores teores de carbono orgânico total, lábil e particulado são verificados nas profundidades de 0-5 e 5-10 cm.
Intimate partner violence reported by female and male users of healthcare units
Authors: Barros Claudia Renata dos Santos , Schraiber Lilia Blima
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To analyze nonfatal violence suffered and committed by adult men and women, in an intimate relationship. METHODS The participants in the research were women aged between 15 and 49 years and men between 18 and 60 years, interviewed by face-to-face questionnaire application. The sample selection was of consecutive type, according to the order of arrival of the users. We conducted temporarily independent investigations and covered different health services to avoid couples and relationships in which the retaliation could be overvalued. To improve the comparison, we also examined reports of men and women from the same service, i.e., a service that was common to both investigations. We compared the situations suffered by women according to their reports and cross-linked the information to what men, according to their own reports, do against intimate partners or ex-partners. We also examined the cross-linked situation in reverse: the violence committed by women against their partners, according to their reports, in comparison with the violence suffered by men, also according to their reports, even if, in this case, the exam refers only to physical violence. The variables were described using mean, standard deviation, frequencies and proportions, and the hypothesis testing used was: Fisher’s exact and Pearson’s Chi-square tests, adopting a significance level of 5%. RESULTS Victimization was greater among women, regardless of the type of violence, when perpetrated by intimate partner. The perception of violence was low in both genders; however, women reported more episodes of multiple recurrences of any violence and sexual abuse suffered than men acknowledged to have perpetrated. CONCLUSIONS The study in its entirety shows significant gender differences, whether about the prevalence of violence, whether about the perception of these situations.
Tuberculosis as a marker of inequities in the context of socio-spatial transformation
Authors: Pedro Alexandre San , Gibson Gerusa , Santos Jefferson Pereira Caldas dos , Toledo Luciano Medeiros de , Sabroza Paulo Chagastelles , Oliveira Rosely Magalhães de
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE This study aims to analyze the association between the incidence of tuberculosis and different socioeconomic indicators in a territory of intense transformation of the urban space. METHODS This is an ecological study, whose analysis units were the neighborhoods of the city of Itaboraí, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The data have been analyzed by generalized linear models. The response variable was incidence of tuberculosis from 2006 to 2011. The independent variables were the socio-demographic indicators. The spatial distribution of tuberculosis was analyzed with the elaboration of thematic maps. RESULTS The results have shown a significant association between the incidence of tuberculosis and variables that reflect different dimensions of living conditions, such as consumer goods, housing conditions and its surroundings, agglomeration of population, and income distribution. CONCLUSIONS The disproportionate incidence of tuberculosis in populations with worse living conditions highlights the persistence of socioeconomic determinants in the reproduction of the disease. Different municipal public sectors need to better articulate with local tuberculosis control programs to reduce the social burden of the disease.
Immunogenic potential of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus aquaporin 1 against Rhipicephalus sanguineus in domestic dogs
Authors: Évora Patricia Martinez , Sanches Gustavo Seron , Guerrero Felix David , León Adalberto Pérez de , Bechara Gervásio Henrique
Published: February 2017

Abstract This study evaluated a recombinant aquaporin 1 protein of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (RmAQP1) as antigen in a vaccine against R. sanguineus. Five dogs were immunized with RmAQP1 (10 µg) + adjuvant (Montanide) (G1), and five were inoculated with adjuvant only (G2), three times. Twenty-one days after the last immunization, animals of both groups were challenged with R. sanguineus larvae, nymphs and adults, and their biotic potential was compared. Blood samples were collected before each immunization and every 28 days after the last immunization for 10 weeks. Serum antibody titers (IgG) were assessed by ELISA. We observed that: engorgement period of adult females from G1 was 12% shorter than G2; larvae from G1 had 8.7% longer engorgement period than G2 and weighed 7.2% less; nymphs from G1 had 4.5% shorter engorgement period than G2 and weighed 3.6% less; although the antibody titers increased following the second immunization, they rapidly decreased after the third immunization. Results indicated low immunoprotection of RmAQP1 against adult R. sanguineus ticks, and possible efficacy on larvae and nymphs fed on immunized dogs. Further studies should be performed for a full evaluation of the immunoprotection of RmAQP1 against R. sanguineus infestations in dogs.
Impact of highly weathered geology on pipe-jacking forces
Authors: Choo Chung Siung , Ong Dominic Ek Leong
Published: February 2017

For the Kuching Wastewater Management System Phase 1 project in Kuching, Malaysia, 7·7 km of trunk sewer lines were constructed in the highly fractured, highly weathered Tuang Formation using a pipe-jacking method. The pipelines were founded at depths of up to 35 m below Kuching City, where the majority of the pipe-jacking activities would traverse the Tuang Formation. Jacking forces in highly fractured geology are not well understood as most jacking force models were derived for drives traversing soils. Therefore, a novel method was developed, whereby equivalent rock strength characteristics were interpreted from direct shear testing on reconstituted tunnelling rock spoils. Tangential peak strength parameters, [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], were developed from the nonlinear behaviour of the reconstituted spoils and applied to a well-established jacking model to assess arching and development of jacking forces from four documented drives. The back-analysed parameters μ avg and σ EV were used to demonstrate that geology had significantly affected the development of jacking forces. The back-analysis of the studied drives was successfully validated through finite-element modelling. This research shows that the developed parameters [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] and the back-analysed parameters μ avg and σ EV can be reliably used to predict jacking forces in highly fractured, highly weathered geology.
Experimental investigation of crack propagation and post-cracking behaviour in macrosynthetic fibre reinforced concrete
Authors: Chiranjeevi Reddy Kamasani , Subramaniam Kolluru V. L.
Published: February 2017

An experimental investigation on the fracture test response of notched concrete beams with two types of discrete macrosynthetic fibres is presented. The influence of high-modulus polypropylene macro fibres on crack propagation and opening was evaluated using the digital image correlation technique. The surface displacements measured close to the tip of the notch were analysed to evaluate the crack opening profile in concrete in relation to the observed load response. A method for precisely estimating the displacement discontinuity across the crack from measured surface displacements was developed. Post-peak softening in the flexural load response was found to be associated with crack advance in the cementitious matrix. The measured crack opening profiles in the post-cracking response indicated a hinge-type behaviour in the beam. The physical hinge in the post-cracking flexural response of the beam was directly determined from the surface measurements. It was found that the addition of macrosynthetic fibres up to 8 kg/m3 (0·9% by volume) did not significantly influence crack propagation but provided resistance to opening of the hinge, which resulted in an increase in toughness and significant load recovery in the post-peak flexural load response.
Infrastructure outcomes: what new project operational expenditure reveals as missing
Authors: Blom Carron M. , Guthrie Peter M.
Published: February 2017

This research responds to issues identified with the forecasting of operational expenditure by providing an in-depth analysis of a multi-modal transportation programme from New Zealand. This study shows some general issues likely to be of relevance to a wider infrastructure practice. It also indicates that management tools and processes can inadvertently result in budgetary and operational omissions. Significantly, these omissions can include the very service, societal and environmental requirements on which the programme was predicated, as well as missing provisions for long-term maintenance of major assets such as bridges and other structures. A more holistic model is therefore proposed to support a reorienting of practice towards an integrated whole-system approach.
Sustainable humanitarian engineering in practice – the East Bali Poverty Project
Authors: Younger John Scott , Booth David John , Parry David Emlyn , Kurniawan Komang
Published: February 2017

The paper describes the humanitarian engineering interventions made by the East Bali Poverty Project (EBPP), a private charity founded and managed by a British civil engineer in 1998 in Desa Ban, an impoverished area on the northeast slopes of Mount Agung, Bali. The abject poverty of the area – which had no access to the outside world, no schools, no clinics, no sanitation and no rivers or water supply – stemmed in part from the cataclysmic eruptions of Mount Agung in 1963, when a blanket of ash, sand and gravel was deposited over much of the area, ruining an already poor and fragile landscape. The first 10 years of EBPP's targeted interventions, chosen by the local people – improving health and education for their children – were the first priorities and were presented in previous Institution of Civil Engineers Proceedings. This paper examines the many humanitarian engineering elements that have been adopted and carried out in a sustainable manner in a very culturally sensitive and challenging physical environment over a 17-year period.
Pathologies management of modern organization
Authors: Pleshakova E. Yu
Published: February 2017

The article presents an extended classification of pathology management system. The scale for assessing the level of pathological management is shown. The question of the interpretation of the results of assessing the level of pathological management is considered. The construction of pathological Profile Management is proposed to visually determine which diseases are pronounced. The results of studies of more than 300 domestic and foreign companies showed the most common pathologies of management in the practice, as well as the most pathological and without pathological organizations. It remains an open question about the reference values of pathological management, as well as the definition of the indicator and integrated approaches to the interpretation of quantifying.
To evaluate lower extremity ulcer cases in respect of their aetiological basis
Authors: A Gajjam Shrinivas , Amol Wagh
Published: February 2017

Background: Lower extremity ulcer is most common in our population due to their chronicity. Lower extremities are exposed to injury and having a circulation strained by upright posture. This has reason for researchers and surgeon who have been concerned with the reasons for their common occurrence and difficulty in their cure. Researcher interested to study the lower extremity ulcer cases in respect of their aetiological basis.Methods: 100 patients of lower extremity ulcer with various types were admitted in surgical wards of Mallareddy Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad during study period.  The cases were examined in detail and investigated thoroughly.  If there is clinically doubtful case, the diagnosis was made only after histopathological examination.Results: Most common type of ulcer was found in the present was venous 25 (25%) cases, contributed by male (21) and female (04) followed by diabetic 22 (22%) and Traumatic 18 (18%). Most of cases belongs to the age group 41-60 years (45) and male (37 cases). High saphenous vein ligation with stripping of veins (21.4%) and conservative (21.4%) treatment were common surgical procedures used for the treatment of Venous ulcer.Conclusions: In the present, Venous ulcers are the most common of all leg ulcers with high morbidity. The surgical procedures are directed at prevention of venous reflux at various levels.
A study of fine needle aspiration cytology in salivary gland lesions in a rural population
Authors: Joshi Anil R. , Jadhav Dnyaneshwar S. , Baste Balaji D. , Ranka Shweta K.
Published: February 2017

Background: Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of suspected salivary gland lesions has an established role in preoperative diagnosis and management of patients. However diverse morphological patterns and overlapping features make it a challenging job, to give a precise diagnosis at times.Methods: This was a prospective study done from October 2011 to October 2013. Fine needle aspiration cytology was performed in 64 patients with clinically significant salivary gland lesions.Results: Fine needle aspiration cytology categorized 38 (59.4%) of the salivary gland lesions as neoplastic and 26 (40.6 %) as non- neoplastic lesions. Amongst the neoplastic lesions, 86.9% were benign and 13.2% were malignant cases.Conclusions: FNAC of the salivary gland is simple, cheap, safe and reliable technique in the primary diagnosis of salivary gland lesions.
Study of serum magnesium level in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and it’s correlation with glycosylated hemoglobin and diabetic complications
Authors: Wahid Abdul , Verma Girish C. , Meena C. P. , Pathan A. R.
Published: February 2017

Background: Hypomagnesemia has been proposed as a novel factor implicated in the pathogenesis of poor glycemic control and diabetic complications. Aim of the present study is to study serum magnesium level in patients with type 2 DM and to find the correlation between serum magnesium levels, HbA1c and diabetic complications.Methods: 100 patients with Type 2 DM (50 males and 50 females) who were diagnosed on the basis of ADA criteria or taking treatment for Diabetes were included in the study. All patients underwent tests for serum magnesium level, fasting blood sugar, postprandial blood sugar, HbA1c and also target organ evaluation for Diabetes. A detailed history and examination was also done.Results: There was significant difference in the prevalence of hypomagnesemia (34% vs 6%) and serum magnesium levels (1.59±0.187 versus 1.78±0.126, p <0.0001) between diabetics and control group. FBS (172.17±30.55 versus 137.06±37.76, p<0.0001), PPBS (243±61.21 versus 195.84±59.1, p = 0.0003) and HbA1C (8.42±1.292 versus 7.04±0.956, p<0.0001) were significantly higher in hypomagnesemic diabetics as compared to normomagnesemic diabetics. Significant proportion of hypomagnesemic diabetics were suffering from retinopathy as compared to normomagnesemic diabetics (47.06% versus 19.70%, p = 0.0042). Diabetic nephropathy, neuropathy, hypertension and IHD were also higher in hypomagnesemic diabetics as compared to normomagnesemic diabetics, but insignificant.Conclusions: Prevalence of hypomagnesemia in Type 2 diabetics was 34%. Diabetics with hypomagnesemia had poor glycemic control. Hypomagnesemia was significantly associated with diabetic retinopathy.
Malaria and anaemia in pregnant and non-pregnant women of child-bearing age: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Romday Rakesh , Gupta Ajay Kumar , Chilloria Pawan , Sharma Satendra , Bhambani Pawan
Published: February 2017

Background: Malaria infection during pregnancy is a major public health problem globally. Anaemia is often an adverse outcome of severe parasitic infections during pregnancy in developing countries. Pregnant are more susceptible to Plasmodium falciparum infections than non-pregnant women of child-bearing age. The objective of this study was to comparatively investigate malaria and anaemia in pregnant and non- pregnant women of child-bearing age.Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study, in which 380 pregnant women and 380 non-pregnant women were screened for the study. The study was conducted at the Index Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. Participants’ demographic data were collected via the administration of questionnaires. In addition, their blood samples were analysed for haemoglobin level and Malaria parasites, while stool samples from the pregnant women were examined for intestinal parasites.Results: The study revealed that pregnant women have higher malaria parasitaemia (12.6%) and anaemia (62.6%). The species of Plasmodium isolated from the pregnant women were P. falciparum (85.4%), P. malariae (4.2%) and P. ovale (10.4%). Malaria parasitaemia was higher in the primigravidae (14%). However multi-gravidae recorded the highest anaemia prevalence (67.1%). Age of pregnant women was a factor affecting malaria parasitaemia with a significant P-value and (P value = 0.0041).Conclusions: Pregnant women were more susceptible to malaria and anaemia than non-pregnant women of child-bearing age. Most of the pregnant women reported at antenatal clinic during the second trimester. Primigravidae however recorded the highest malaria parasitaemia. The main species of Plasmodium observed in the blood samples was falciparum.
The Effect of Stocking Density on Nitrification Rate in a Closed Recirculating Culture System
Authors: Sidik A.S. , Sarwono , , Agustina ,
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT

Nitrification rate in a closed recirculating water system with different stocking density of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) had been observed in the Laboratory of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Mulawarman University.   Fish were cultivated  in rounded tanks with four level of stocking densities i.e. 10, 20, 30 and 40 fish/100 l in a closed recirculting water system, and fed on a commercial pellet given thrice a day at a quantity of 5% from the total body weight of fish per day.  The experiment was designed completely randomized with three replications. Nitrification rate was calculated stoichiometrically through the determination of  ammonia and nitrite oxidation rate. Results showed that in this experiment the ammonia and nitrite oxidation rate, and nitrification rate in a closed recirculating water system was increased with the increasing stocking density of fish.   On the contrary, the growth of fish was decreased with the increasing of stocking density.

Key words :  Nitrification rate, stocking density, recirculation system, common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.).

 

ABSTRAK

Laju nitrifikasi dalam budidaya sistem resirkulasi air tertutup dengan padat penebaran ikan mas (Cyprinus carpio L.) yang berbeda telah diamati di Laboratorium Budidaya Perairan, Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan Universitas Mulawarman.  Ikan dipelihara dalam tong plastik dengan empat tingkat padat penebaran, yaitu 10, 20, 30 dan 40 ekor/100 l, dan diberi makan pelet komersial tiga kali sehari dengan jumlah 5 % dari berat badan ikan per hari.  Penelitian ini dirancang secara acak lengkap dengan tiga ulangan.  Laju nitrifikasi dihitung secara stoikiometrik melalui penentuan laju oksidasi amoniak dan nitrit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa laju oksidasi amoniak dan nitrit serta laju nitrifikasi dalam sistem resirkulasi air tertutup meningkat dengan meningkatnya padat penebaran.  Sebaliknya pertumbuhan ikan menurun dengan meningkatnya padat penebaran.

Kata kunci :  Laju nitrifikasi, padat penebaran, sistem resirkulasi, ikan mas (Cyprinus carpio L.).
Rearing of Milkfish, Chanos Chanos, in Net Cages at Sea at Various Stocking Densities
Authors: Sumawidjaja Kusman , Yusdiana T. , Effendi Irzal , Dharmadi ,
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT

Stocking rate of milkfish, Chanos chanos, from 75 to 225 fish/m3  or from 1,33 to 3,98 kg/m3  did not affect the growth rate, survival rate, feeding efficiency, and final length and weight of fish, each at 2,32%/day, 81,8%, 63,8%, and 185,2 mm and 64,0 g respectively. Final biomass (Y) increased from 3,66 to 12,05 kg/m3 with the increase of stocking rate (X) with Y = 0,056 X-0,45 (p<0,05).

Key words :   Milkfish, Chanos chanos, floating net cage, stocking density.

 

ABSTRAK

Padat penebaran ikan bandeng, Chanos chanos, dari 75 hingga 225 ekor/m3 atau dari 1,33 hingga 3,98 kg/m3 tidak mempengaruhi laju pertumbuhan, kelangsungan hidup, efisiensi pemberian pakan serta panjang dan bobot ikan akhir, masing-masing dengan rata-rata 2,32%/hari, 81,8%, 63,8%, 185,2 mm dan 64,0 g. Biomasa akhir (Y) meningkat dari 3,66 hingga 12,05 kg/m3 dengan meningkatnya padat penebaran (X) dengan persamaan Y = 0,056 X -0,45 (p<0,05).

Kata kunci :  Ikan bandeng, Chanos chanos, keramba jaring apung, padat penebaran
Investigación en enfermería: Hacia los métodos mixtos.
Authors: Chanamé Ampuero Eva
Published: February 2017

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Predictores biosocioculturales y estilos de vida de los estudiantes universitarios de una universidad de Huánuco.
Authors: Ortiz-Cruz Maria Luz , Ruiz-Aquino Mely Meleni
Published: February 2017

Objetivos: determinar la relación entre los predictores biosocioculturales y los estilos de vida de los estudiantes universitarios. Material y métodos: investigación cuantitativa, de tipo transversal, analítico, prospectivo yobservacional; con diseño correlacional. La población fue de 3261 estudiantes de la Universidad Privada de Huánuco, con una muestra de 343,7 estudiantes, seleccionados probabilísticamente por estratos, a quienes se les aplicó un cuestionario de predictores y una escala de estilos de vida, previamente validados. Se tuvo en cuenta los aspectos éticos de la investigación. Se realizó un análisis bivariado mediante la prueba Chi Cuadrado de Pearson, con p≤0,05; apoyados en el PASW V20.0. Resultados: se comprobó la relación entre la condición de pertenecer al grupo adolescente [X2 =15,54; Gl 3 y p = 0.00] y la realización de trabajo paralelo al estudio [X2 =18,8; Gl 3 y p = 0,00] con el estilo de vida poco saludable. El pertenecer al género masculino [X2 =13,35; Gl 3 y p = 0,00] se relaciona con el estilo de vida saludable. No hubo relación entre la procedencia de la zona urbana [X2 =1,00; X2=13,35; Gl 3 y p = 0,80], la tenencia de algún compromiso conyugal [X2 =13,35; GL 3 y p = 0,44], la tenencia de alguna religión [X2 =2,86; Gl 3 y p = 0.41] y la condición de cursar más del VI ciclo académico [X2 =1,10; Gl 3 y p = 0,781] con el estilo de vida saludable. Conclusiones: los predictores biológicos están relacionados con los estilos de vida saludable y poco saludables de los estudiantes.
Nivel de conocimientos y autocuidado de adultos con asma de la consulta de neumología. Monterrey - México.
Authors: Saldaña-Ayala Alejandro Javier , García-Cuamea Fernando Iván , Enríquez-Reyna María Cristina , Herrera-Castillo Juan Manuel
Published: February 2017

El asma es una enfermedad crónica, su tratamiento es complejo y su adecuado manejo depende en gran parte del nivel conocimientos, destrezas y capacidad de autocuidado del paciente. Objetivos: evaluar la relación entre el nivel de conocimientos y las capacidades de autocuidado de pacientes con asma. Material y Métodos: estudio descriptivo transversal dentro de los meses de septiembre a noviembre en pacientes con diagnóstico de asma que acudieron a la consulta externa del servicio de Neumología en el Hospital General de Zona No. 33 de MonterreyNuevo León. México. La muestra estuvo constituida por 174 pacientes. Se firmó consentimiento informado y se aplicaron el Cuestionario de conocimientos acerca de Asma y la Escala de Valoración de la Capacidad de Agencia de Autocuidado. Los datos se analizaron mediante estadística descriptiva, se utilizaron pruebas de correlación de Spearman considerando un nivel de significancia de .05. Resultados: los participantes tuvieron 40.2 años (DE=16,04) con escolaridad de 11.49 años (DE=3,72) en promedio. A medida que se incrementó la edad, disminuyeron el nivel de conocimientos y el de autocuidado (valores de r=-0,338 y -0,218 respectivamente, p<,01). La escolaridad de asoció de manera directa con el nivel de conocimientos (r=0,220, p<,01) y el de autocuidado (r=0,193, p<,05). Conclusiones: se corroboró la relación directa y positiva entre el nivel de conocimientos y la capacidad de autocuidado en los pacientes con asma participantes del estudio.
Power Transformer Wire Estimate
Authors: Dalaguit Angelo B. , Dalaguit Mary Ann L.
Published: February 2017

This experimental study determined the weight of wire used in power supply using the laboratory technique and procedure to gather data. There were two designs with three treatments each, prepared and subjected to using the Two Way Analysis of Variance. The treatments for the first design were: one is 1 1/8 inch by 1 1/8 inch area and output voltage of 6 volts; two is 1 1/8 inch by 1 1/8 inch area and output voltage of 36 volts; three is 1 1/8 inch by 1 1/8 inch area and output voltage of 110 volts. The treatments for design number two were: one is 1/2 inch by 1/2 inch area and output voltage of 12 volts; two is 3/4 inch by 3/4 inch area and output voltage of 12 volts; three is 1 inch by 1 inch area and output voltage of 12 volts. The test result of significant differences in the effectiveness, efficiency and performance of the different treatments showed no significant difference on windings, temperature, voltage, size of the iron core, current, power, number of turns, turns per volt and force applied in winding.
Resources and Rules of the Game: Participation of Civil Society in REDD+ and FLEGT-VPA Processes in Lao PDR
Authors: Mustalahti Irmeli , Cramm Mathias , Ramcilovik-Suominen Sabaheta , Tekle Yitagesu
Published: February 2017

REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation) aims to achieve its purpose by working across multiple sectors and involving multi-level actors in reducing deforestation and forest degradation in tropical countries. By contrast, the European Union (EU) Action Plan on Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade (FLEGT) and its Voluntary Partnership Agreements (VPAs) focus on forestry and functions at bilateral state level. The FLEGT Action Plan specifically aims to tackle illegal logging, legalise timber production and trade improve forest governance in countries exporting tropical timber to the EU. Since illegal logging is just one driver of deforestation and forest degeneration, and legalisation of logging does not necessarily reduce deforestation and forest degradation, the two instruments differ in scale and scope. However, by addressing the causes of deforestation and forest degradation and their underlying governance issues, the EU FLEGT and REDD+ share many functional linkages at higher levels of forest policy and forest governance. The contribution and participation of civil society organisations (CSOs) and other actors is imperative to both processes. Our study is based on a survey of key actors (national and international) in REDD+ and FLEGT VPA processes in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic. Our analysis was guided by the theoretical perspectives of the policy arrangement approach and examination of two specific dimensions of this approach, namely resources and rules of the game. This paper argues that participation of CSOs in both processes is crucial as it facilitates and nurtures the very much needed cooperation between other national and international actors. The paper also argues that participation of CSOs feeds valuable information and knowledge into REDD+ and FLEGT VPA processes, thus contributing to increased legitimacy, justice and transparency.
Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation—A Sustainable Development Systems Perspective
Authors: Burns Tom R. , Machado Nora
Published: February 2017

This article considers the concepts of sustainability and sustainable development in relation to disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation. We conceptualize sustainability from a social systemic perspective, that is, from a perspective that encompasses the multiple functionalities of a social system and their interrelationships in particular environmental contexts. The systems perspective is applied in our consideration and analysis of disaster risk reduction (DRR), climate change adaptation (CCA), and sustainable development (SD). Section 1 introduces briefly sustainability and sustainable development, followed by a brief presentation of the theory of complex social systems (Section 2). The theory conceptualizes interdependent subsystems, their multiple functionalities, and the agential and systemic responses to internal and external stressors on a social system. Section 3 considers disaster risk reduction (DRR) and climate change adaptation (CCA), emerging in response to one or more systemic stressors. It illustrates these with disaster risk reduction in the cases of food and chemical security regulation in the EU. CCA is illustrated by initiatives and developments on the island of Gotland, Sweden and in the Gothenburg Metropolitan area, which go beyond a limited CCA perspective, taking into account long-term sustainability issues. Section 4 discusses the limitations of DRR and CCA, not only their technical limitations but economic, socio-cultural, and political limitations, as informed from a sustainability perspective. It is argued that DRRs are only partial subsystems and must be considered and assessed in the context of a more encompassing systemic perspective. Part of the discussion is focused on the distinction between sustainable and non-sustainable DRRs and CCAs. Section 5 presents a few concluding remarks about the importance of a systemic perspective in analyzing DRR and CCA as well as other similar subsystems in terms of sustainable development.
Oxidation of Human Serum Albumin Exhibits Inter-Individual Variability after an Ultra-Marathon Mountain Race
Authors: Spanidis Ypatios , Priftis Alexandros , Stagos Dimitrios , Stravodimos George A. , Leonidas Demetres D. , Kouretas Demetrios
Published: February 2017

The aim of this study was to examine the oxidation of human serum albumin (HSA) caused by oxidative stress after an exhaustive exercise such as ultra-marathon race. Thus, blood samples from 12 adult runners who underwent a 103 km mountain ultra-marathon race were collected pre- and 24, 48 and 72 h post race. HSA was partially purified using affinity chromatography and then was subjected to Western blot analysis for disulfide dimers determination, indicating oxidation. The results were correlated with those from a previous study in which the same samples were analyzed using different oxidative stress markers and a good correlation with protein carbonyls (PC) at all time points was observed. Moreover there was a significant correlation with static oxidation-reduction potential (sORP) at 24 h, and a negative correlation with capacity oxidation-reduction potential (cORP) at 24 and 48 h. In addition, an individual analysis of albumin dimers exhibited great inter-individual differences. This inter-individual variability in the oxidation of HSA may suggest different interventions (e.g. through diet) in order to confront the effects on athletes’ organism after a strenuous exercise. In conclusion, this study supported the importance of the assessment of albumin dimers as a predictive marker for exercise-induced oxidative stress.
Continuous Improvement Strategy To Stimulate Sustainability and To Enhance Environmental Management
Authors: Vargas Cheryll Manlapaz , Scott Hannah
Published: February 2017

An oilfield services company that recognizes the value of embedding sustainability into internal business processes has elevated environmental performance by expanding its existing Continuous Improvement (CI) program. This paper describes the program that has been successfully implemented globally during a 5-year period. It is illustrated with actual case studies that exhibit substantial savings in energy, water, and waste, alongside business cost savings.

The program covers major facilities of the company's engineering and manufacturing division. Each year, participating sites have an objective to complete a minimum of one improvement project that actively targets elimination or reduction of environmental wastes. Each project executes the Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control (DMAIC) process. The steps in DMAIC are incremental and data-driven, and use applicable statistical and analytical tools to enable solutions that deliver step-change impact. The Control phase specifically facilitates sustainability because it requires implementing models for preserving short- and long-term improvements. These projects are tracked in a centralized repository and undergo a standard validation process.

The program entered its fifth year in 2014, with 28 participating locations worldwide. Project initiatives have generated significant financial benefits, exclusive of environmental savings. Annually, the program has saved an average of 2 378 000 kW-hr of electricity and 19 704 000 L of water, with 521 t of waste eliminated, reused, or recycled.

The successes of the program are communicated both internally and externally, including contributions to sustainability filings. Internally, the program has provided a vehicle to positively engage employees across disciplines and to share innovations, technologies, and best practices for the environment. Projects resulting in facilities-related enhancements have demanded initial capital expenditure, but the return on investment is projected to continue beyond the annual timescale captured by the program. The program has stimulated forward-thinking management decisions on the future and sustainability within the organization.

DMAIC is a recognized CI process that uses Lean and Six Sigma techniques. By leveraging on this approach to focus on the environment, the probability of overlooking environmental opportunities is substantially reduced. Lean's systematic elimination of waste is implemented in the very literal sense. Checkpoints in each DMAIC step reduce the risk of project failure, and Six Sigma's data-analysis methods enable measurable, visible results that allow the organization to track CI actions toward sustainability.
Oil Configuration Under High-Salinity and Low-Salinity Conditions at Pore Scale: A Parametric Investigation by Use of a Single-Channel Micromodel
Authors: Bartels W.-B.. -B. , Mahani H.. , Berg S.. , Menezes R.. , van der Hoeven J. A. , Fadili A..
Published: February 2017

Low-salinity waterflooding (LSF) is receiving increased interest as a promising method to improve oil-recovery efficiency. Most of the literature agrees that, on the Darcy scale, LSF can be regarded as a wettability-modification process, leading to a more-water-wet state, although no consensus on the microscopic mechanisms has been reached. To establish a link between the pore-scale and the Darcy-scale description, the flow dynamic at an intermediate scale—i.e., networks of multiple pores—should be investigated. One of the main challenges in addressing phenomena on this scale is to design a model system representative of natural rock. The model system should allow for a systematic investigation of influencing parameters with pore-scale resolution while simultaneously being large enough to capture larger-length-scale effects such as saturation changes and the mobilization and connection of oil ganglia.

In this paper, we use micromodels functionalized with active clay minerals as a model system to study the low-salinity effect (LSE) on the pore scale. A new method was devised to deposit clays in the micromodel. Clay suspensions were made by mixing natural clays (montmorillonite) with isopropyl alcohol (IPA) and were injected into optically transparent 2D glass micromodels. After drying the models, the clay particles were deposited and stick naturally to the glass surfaces. The micromodel was then used to investigate the dependence of the LSE on the type of oil (crude oil vs. n-decane), the presence of clay particles, and aging.

Our results show that the system is responsive to low-salinity brine as the effective contact angle of crude oil shifts toward a more-water-wetting state when brine salinity is reduced. When using n-decane as a reference case of inert oil, no change in contact angle occurred after a reduction in brine salinity.

This responsiveness in terms of contact angle does not necessarily mean that more oil is recovered. Only in the cases where the contact-angle change (because of low-salinity exposure) led to release of oil and reconnection with oil of adjacent pore bodies did the oil become mobile and the oil saturation effectively reduce. This makes contact-angle changes a necessary but not sufficient requirement for incremental recovery by LSF. Interestingly, the wettability modification was observed in the absence of clay. Osmosis and interfacial tension (IFT) change were found not to be the primary driving mechanisms of the low-salinity response.
Nonlinear Luttinger liquid: Exact result for the Green function in terms of the fourth Painlevé transcendent
Authors: Price Tom , Kovrizhin Dmitry , Lamacraft Austen
Published: February 2017

We show that exact time dependent single particle Green function in
the Imambekov–Glazman theory of nonlinear Luttinger liquids can be
written, for any value of the Luttinger parameter, in terms of a
particular solution of the Painlevé IV equation. Our expression for the
Green function has a form analogous to the celebrated Tracy–Widom result
connecting the Airy kernel with Painlevé II. The asymptotic power law of
the exact solution as a function of a single scaling variable
x/\sqrt{t}x/t
agrees with the mobile impurity results. The full shape of the Green
function in the thermodynamic limit is recovered with arbitrary
precision via a simple numerical integration of a nonlinear ODE.
CLINICAL AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL PATTERNS OF CERVICAL LYMPH NODE METASTASIS IN ORAL CANCERS UNDERGOING SURGERY
Authors: Agarwal Tanu , Shubhanshu Kumar , Mehta Nitika , Sharma Rohit , Sharma Vineet , Iqbal Zafar , Mehrotra Ashish
Published: February 2017

Introduction: Oral cancer is the term referred to oral squamous cell carcinoma of the oral mucosa as it forms 95% of oral cancer cases. It is estimated to be the sixth most common cancer which accounts for 0.6% to 5% of all cancers. Neck metastasis is one of the most important factor determining the progress.
Material And Methods: This retrospective study was based on a review of the hospital records of patients who were diagnosed and operated for carcinoma oral cavity between 2014 to 2016. There were 40 cases of oral carcinoma. Charts were retrospectively reviewed for age, site of tumour, clinical involvement of lymph nodes, histopathological involvement of lymph nodes. Tumour staging was done according to the AJCC classification.
Results: Out of 40 patients taken in the study 21 (52.2%) patients were aged between 30 to 49 years with male preponderance 27(67.5%). Tongue and buccal mucosa were the commonest subsites involved (45% each). Level Ib is the most frequently involved in oral cancers but with higher stages the lower level are more frequently involved especially as micrometastasis.
Conclusion: There is a dilemma between risk and benefits of neck dissection in N0 necks in oral cancers. Based on our experience we recommend at least a selective neck dissection in the patients undergoing resection of oral carcinomas.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF EFFICACY BETWEEN THIRD GENERATION ELISA AND
FOURTH GENERATION TRI-DOT TEST TO DETECT SEROPREVALENCE OF
HEPATITIS-C INFECTION IN PATIENTS ON HAEMODIALYSIS
Authors: Agarwal Jolly , Arora N. K. , Agarwal Anurag
Published: February 2017

Introduction: The detection of anti-HCV antibodies is based on the use of third generation
Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA) that detects antibodies directed against various HCV epitopes.
HCV TRI-DOT test is a rapid, protein A immunofiltration assay for the qualitative detection of
anti HCV antibodies in serum or plasma with a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 91.5%.
The study was conducted to compare the efficacy between 3rd generation ELISA and 4th
generation TRI-DOT test to detect the seroprevalence of HCV and to assess the risk factors
associated with HCV infection in the patients who are on haemodialysis.
Material and Methods: The study was conducted to compare the efficacy between 3rd
generation ELISA and 4th generation TRI-DOT test to detect the seroprevalence of HCV and
to assess the risk factors associated with HCV infection in the patients who are on
haemodialysis. Sera of 150 adult CRF patients on >2 months haemodialysis tested by TRIDOT
test and then by ELISA. Demographic data of all included patients reviewed for risk
factors. Statistical analysis was performed by the SPSS program for Windows, version 17.0.
Results: Out of 150 cases, 17 were found seropositive for HCV by TRI-DOT test and 16 were
found seropositive for HCV by ELISA. One hundred and one patients were males and 49 were
females. Maximum positive patients fell in 36-55 years age group. Duration of haemodialysis,
mean blood transfusion, number of dialysis centre changed found almost double in HCV
reactive patients than in non reactive. Sensitivity of HCV TRI-DOT is 100% and specificity is
99.3%, positive predictive value is 94.1% and negative predictive value is 100% in
comparison of ELISA.
Conclusion: Seroprevalence of Hepatitis C in haemodialysis patients in our institute is 10.7%.
Risk factors for HCV infection in haemodialysis patients included duration of haemodialysis,
number of haemodialysis centre changed, number of blood transfusion unit transfused, male
gender and middle age. The sensitivity of HCV TRI-DOT is equal to HCV ELISA but the
specificity is slightly less.