bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Antinoise Fault Diagnosis Method Based on Multiscale 1DCNN
Authors: Cao Jie , He Zhidong , Wang Jinhua , Yu Ping
Published: December 2020

The bearing state signal collected by the vibration sensor contains a large amount of environmental noise in actual processes, which leads to a reduction in the accuracy of the convolutional network in identifying bearing faults. To solve this problem, a one-dimensional convolutional neural network with a multiscale kernel (MSK-1DCNN) is proposed for the classification information enhancement of the input. A two-layer multiscale convolution structure (MSK) is used at the front of the network. MSK has five convolutional kernels with different sizes, and those kernels are used to extract features with varying resolutions in the original signal. In the multiscale convolution structure, the ELU activation function is used instead of the ReLU function to improve the antinoise ability of MSK-1DCNN, also by adding pepper noise to the training set data to destroy the input data and forcing the network to learn more representative features to improve the robustness of the network. Experimental results illustrate that the improved methods proposed in this paper effectively enhance the diagnostic performance of MSK-1DCNN under intense noise, and the diagnostic accuracy is higher than that of other comparison algorithms.
Effect of Stress on Creep Behavior of Single Crystal Alloy IC6SX at 980°C
Authors: Jiang Liwu , Dou Xuezheng , Wu Meiling
Published: December 2020

Ni3Al-based single crystal alloy IC6SX was prepared by seed crystal method. The effect of different stress conditions on creep behavior of this alloy at 980°C was investigated. The results showed that the creep life of this alloy at 980°C decreased significantly with the increase of stress. When the stress increased from 180 MPa to 230 MPa, the creep life dropped from 245.5 h to 69.3 h, and the steady-state creep rate increased slightly but not significantly. Meanwhile, the morphology of γ

′

phase and dislocation after creep were studied. The results showed that with the increase of stress, the density of dislocations in the γ

′

phase increased gradually, the strength of this alloy decreased gradually, so the creep life decreased significantly. The Y-NiMo phase resolved from the γ phase decreased gradually as the creep life decreased. The creep experiment of the alloy was carried out at 980°C. Due to the higher temperature, the diffusion of atoms in this alloy became faster. Deformation was not only caused by the slippage of dislocations in the crystal but also by the diffusion of atoms. Therefore, the creep mechanism of single crystal alloy IC6SX at this temperature is a mixed mechanism of dislocation glide and diffusion.
Development and Performance Evaluation of Cellulose Acetate-Bentonite Mixed Matrix Membranes for CO2 Separation
Authors: Jamil Asif , Zulfiqar Momina , Arshad Usama , Mahmood Subhan , Iqbal Tanveer , Rafiq Sikander , Iqbal Muhammad Z.
Published: December 2020

Membrane science is a state-of-the-art environmentally green technology that ascertains superior advantages over traditional counterparts for CO2 capture and separation. In this research, mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) comprising cellulose acetate (CA) with various loadings of bentonite (Bt) clay were fabricated by adopting the phase-inversion technique for CO2/CH4 and CO2/N2 separation. The developed pristine and MMMs were characterized for morphological, thermal, structural, and mechanical analyses. Several techniques such as scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, and nano-indentation investigations revealed the promising effect of Bt clay in MMMs as compared to pristine CA membrane. Nano-indentation test identified that elastic modulus and hardness of the MMM with 1 wt. loading was increased by 64% and 200%, respectively, compared to the pristine membrane. The permeability decreased with the incorporation of Bt clay due to uniform dispersion of filler attributed to enhanced tortuosity for the gas molecules. Nevertheless, an increase in gas separation performance was observed with Bt addition up to 1 wt. loading. The opposite trend prevailed with increasing Bt concentration on the separation performance owing to filler agglomeration and voids creation. The maximum value of ideal selectivity (CO2/CH4) was achieved at 2 bar pressure with 1 wt. % Bt loading, which is 79% higher than the pristine CA membrane. For CO2/N2, the ideal selectivity was 123% higher compared to the pristine membrane with 1 wt. % Bt loading at 4 bar pressure.
Fault Diagnosis Method for Bearing of High-Speed Train Based on Multitask Deep Learning
Authors: Gu Jia , Huang Ming
Published: December 2020

High-speed trains often pass through tunnel, turnout, ramp, bridge, and other line features in the process of running. At the same time, the length of the operation time, weather conditions, changes in train running conditions, and other conditions will lead to the loss of the train. In view of the complexity of a high-speed train structure and operation environment, in order to effectively evaluate the health of the train in the operation process, this paper proposes a diagnosis method of bearing temperature anomaly of a high-speed train based on condition identification and multitask deep learning. In this paper, the important components of bogie axle box, gearbox, and traction motor are taken as the research object. Firstly, the operating condition parameters of the high-speed train are analyzed and identified, and the K-means algorithm is used to classify and identify the operating condition of the high-speed train. Then, based on the operating condition identification and multitask deep learning, the bearing temperature prediction model is constructed. In addition, according to statistical quality control theory, the difference between the value predicted by the model and the real value is used to diagnose the anomaly of the bearing temperature of the high-speed train. Finally, the accuracy and availability of the model are verified by an example. The model can judge whether the running train bearing temperature is in the normal range in real time and predict and alarm the abnormal bearing temperature.
Mechanical Behavior and Energy Evolution of Sandstone considering Slenderness Ratio Effect
Authors: Dai Bibo , Zhao Xingdong , Zhang Shuwen , Kang Qian , Zhu Zhonghua
Published: December 2020

To study the influence of slenderness ratio effect on the mechanical behavior, acoustic emission properties, and energy evolution of sandstone, the uniaxial compression tests coupled with acoustic emission technology are carried out at different slenderness ratios D (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0). The results show that a logarithmic function relationship is observed between the peak strength, the peak strain, and the elastic modulus with slenderness ratio. The failure patterns of the tested sandstone varied significantly with the increasing slenderness ratio. When the slenderness ratio, D, is lower than 1.5, complex failures and multiple shear planes are formed, while simple failures and single shear planes are generated at D larger than 1.5. Besides, the AE ringing counts are more obvious with a higher slenderness ratio, D, at the initial compression stage due to the greater body volume and more defects in the sandstone. The energy evolution curves and energy ratio distribution curves can be divided into four stages, corresponding to the stress‐strain curves.
BCI-Based Rehabilitation on the Stroke in Sequela Stage
Authors: Miao Yangyang , Chen Shugeng , Zhang Xinru , Jin Jing , Xu Ren , Daly Ian , Jia Jie , Wang Xingyu , Cichocki Andrzej , Jung Tzyy-Ping
Published: December 2020

Background. Stroke is the leading cause of serious and long-term disability worldwide. Survivors may recover some motor functions after rehabilitation therapy. However, many stroke patients missed the best time period for recovery and entered into the sequela stage of chronic stroke. Method. Studies have shown that motor imagery- (MI-) based brain-computer interface (BCI) has a positive effect on poststroke rehabilitation. This study used both virtual limbs and functional electrical stimulation (FES) as feedback to provide patients with a closed-loop sensorimotor integration for motor rehabilitation. An MI-based BCI system acquired, analyzed, and classified motor attempts from electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. The FES system would be activated if the BCI detected that the user was imagining wrist dorsiflexion on the instructed side of the body. Sixteen stroke patients in the sequela stage were randomly assigned to a BCI group and a control group. All of them participated in rehabilitation training for four weeks and were assessed by the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) of motor function. Results. The average improvement score of the BCI group was 3.5, which was higher than that of the control group (0.9). The active EEG patterns of the four patients in the BCI group whose FMA scores increased gradually became centralized and shifted to sensorimotor areas and premotor areas throughout the study. Conclusions. Study results showed evidence that patients in the BCI group achieved larger functional improvements than those in the control group and that the BCI-FES system is effective in restoring motor function to upper extremities in stroke patients. This study provides a more autonomous approach than traditional treatments used in stroke rehabilitation.
6DOF Object Positioning and Grasping Approach for Industrial Robots Based on Boundary Point Cloud Features
Authors: Wan Guoyang , Wang Guofeng , Xing Kaisheng , Yi Tinghao , Fan Yunsheng
Published: December 2020

For the three-dimensional (3D) pose estimation of metal blank casts estimate in industrial production process, a novel 6-degree-of-freedom (6DOF) positioning and grasping approach for industrial robots based on boundary features and combining structured light 3D vision and the point cloud matching method is proposed. The proposed approach first uses the Gray code plus grating phase-shift algorithm to reconstruct the 3D surface information of the object. Subsequently, an improved point pair feature (PPF) matching location method based on point cloud boundary extraction is proposed to realize the accurate 6DOF pose estimation of the object. In this method, the point cloud boundary feature is used to optimize the PPF algorithm. Finally, by combining with the point cloud preprocessing process and the improved PPF matching location method, the 6DOF pose positioning of metal blank casting by industrial robots is realized. The proposed approach can accurately complete pose measurement and positioning of objects placed randomly in an open environment. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed PPF matching location method significantly improves both matching speed and accuracy compared to the traditional PPF algorithm.
Bibliografija radova o migracijama objavljenih u znanstvenim časopisima dostupnim na portalu Hrčak (2009. – 2019.)
Authors:   Institut za migracije i narodnosti, Zagreb, Hrvatska, Kudra Beroš Viktorija , Klempić Bogadi Sanja ,   Institut za migracije i narodnosti, Zagreb, Hrvatska
Published: December 2020

Fenomenom migracija bave se različite znanstvene discipline (sociologija, demografija, povijest, antropologija, socijalna geografija, ekonomija, politologija i dr.). Multidisciplinarnost upućuje na kompleksnost fenomena migracija, kojemu se sve više pristupa i interdisciplinarno s obzirom na njegov utjecaj na različite društvene, političke i ekonomske odnose. »Izbjeglička/migrantska kriza« 2015. godine i suvremeno iseljavanje iz Hrvatske ojačali su znanstveni interes za migracije te postmigracijske procese. Cilj ove bibliografije jest znanstvenoj i stručnoj javnosti dati pregled znanstvenih radova o različitim aspektima migracija dostupnih na portalu Hrčak. Bibliografija je podijeljena u tematske cjeline koje su određene pregledom radova, ali nisu hijerarhijski strukturirane (npr. integracija jest dio migracijske politike, ali zbog broja i fokusiranosti radova na samo taj aspekt migracijske politike izdvojena je kao posebna tema). Bibliografija je napravljena neposrednim uvidom u cjelovite članke (de visu) dostupne na Hrčku – Portalu hrvatskih znanstvenih i stručnih časopisa. Hrčak je središnji portal koji na jednome mjestu okuplja hrvatske znanstvene i stručne časopise te časopise za popularizaciju znanosti i kulture koji nude otvoreni pristup svojim radovima. Započeo je s radom 2006. i na njemu se trenutačno nalazi 499 časopisa, od kojih manji dio više nije aktivan. Na Hrčku je do sada ukupno objavljeno nešto više od 228.000 radova s cjelovitim tekstom. Bibliografijom je obuhvaćeno razdoblje od 2009. do 2019. te se navode radovi iz 109 časopisa. Bibliografija je selektivna i uključeni su samo znanstveni radovi kategorizirani kao izvorni znanstveni rad, prethodno priopćenje i pregledni rad. Nisu uključeni stručni radovi, izlaganja sa znanstvenog skupa, tribine, rasprave, osvrti, bibliografije, prikazi knjiga i dr. Radovi obuhvaćeni bibliografijom objavljeni su na različitim jezicima: hrvatskom, engleskom, francuskom, njemačkom, srpskom i dr.
Acute Ischaemic Stroke Successfully Treated with Thrombolytic Therapy and Endovascular Thrombectomy with Non-Contrast Computed Tomography and Computed Tomography Angiogram Protocol
Authors: Toh Tsun-Haw , Abdul Kadir Khairul Azmi , Tai Mei-Ling Sharon , Tan Kay Sin
Published: December 2020

Early endovascular thrombectomy leads to improved outcomes for patients with proximal occlusions when started within 6 h from onset of symptoms. We present a case illustrating the flow of events for a patient who underwent endovascular thrombectomy in our centre after conventional imaging – a brain non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) and CT angiogram (CTA) – achieving a door-to-groin time of 195 min. The patient is a 65-year-old who presented with signs and symptoms of a left middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory infarct. His National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score was 15 on presentation and his brain NCCT showed an Alberta Stroke Programme Early CT Score (ASPECTS) of 8. His CTA showed a left MCA distal M1 occlusion with focal calcification and stenosis of the proximal left internal carotid artery. He was subsequently thrombosed and underwent thrombectomy successfully, with a door-to-groin-puncture time of 195 min. A TICI 2b reperfusion was achieved. His NIHSS score improved to 9 over the next 2 days. For cases with straightforward NCCT and CTA with no contraindications, endovascular thrombectomy should be pursued without delay. A review of the current available literature for the usage of NCCT and CTA as well as the importance of ASPECTS scoring in patient selection for endovascular thrombectomy was included.
Acute Ischemic Stroke in a Young Patient with Left Ventricular Thrombus Attributed to Doxorubicin Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Lee Eung-Joon , Yoon Byung-Woo
Published: December 2020

We report a case of acute middle cerebral territory ischemic infarction caused by left ventricular thrombus (LVT) in a doxorubicin cardiomyopathy patient. A major adverse effect of doxorubicin is cardiotoxicity. In doxorubicin cardiomyopathy, as the ventricular contractility decreases, LVT can occur and lead to systemic embolic events such as stroke.
Hyperperfusion Syndrome and Baroreflex Failure following Carotid Artery Angioplasty and Stenting for Symptomatic Radiation-Associated Carotid Artery Stenosis
Authors: Chang Hui-Meng
Published: December 2020

Cerebrovascular manifestations of radiotherapy for head and neck cancers are well described. In Southeast Asia, because nasopharyngeal cancer is common, patients with late cerebrovascular consequences are encountered regularly. This case report describes the long-term follow-up of a Chinese male patient with symptomatic severe radiation-associated atherosclerosis, who had carotid artery angioplasty and stenting performed, and the subsequent complications encountered: cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome, baroreflex failure, and progressive carotid artery stenosis.
Anticoagulation for Radiation-Induced Optic Neuropathy
Authors: Venketasubramanian Narayanaswamy , Goh Kong Yong , Chew Paul T. ,   for the NPC Study Group
Published: December 2020

Radiation-induced optic neuropathy (RION) is a severely disabling complication of radiotherapy, without any known effective treatment. Three patients, one female and two males, aged 60, 34, and 45 years, respectively, developed progressive deterioration in visual acuity over 1 month, 8 years, and 2 months, starting 3, 12, and 9 years after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. They received 70.15, 60.89, and 56.11 Gy over a period of 6–7 weeks, with fractionated doses of 2, 1.79, and 1.81 Gy, respectively. Ophthalmological examination revealed a relative afferent pupillary defect in the latter 2 patients, best-corrected visual acuity was 6/12 or better in all. Visual field charting showed a superior altitudinal field defect in the first two, and generalised visual loss in the third patient in the symptomatic eyes. Anticoagulation with heparin bridging and oral warfarin with an INR target of 2.0–3.0 was commenced within 2 months of symptom onset. All showed improvement in visual fields within 2 weeks, and remained stable for at least 2 years while on warfarin. Our encouraging findings will need to be confirmed in a randomised controlled clinical trial.
Mechanical Thrombectomy and Stenting for Radiation-Induced Carotid Stenosis-Related Stroke: A Case Report
Authors: Cheng Yu-Chen , Lin Wei-Cheng , Lin Chia-Nan , Chiu Hou-Chang
Published: December 2020

Radiation-induced stenosis of the carotid artery is a significant risk factor for large-vessel ischemic stroke, which usually leads to significant impairment of neurological function. We performed intra-arterial thrombectomy on a 63-year-old male patient who had laryngeal cancer and postradiation carotid stenosis. He presented with acute-onset dysarthria and left hemiplegia. Brain computed tomography perfusion scan showed right middle cerebral artery ischemic change. Angiography confirmed total occlusion of the right internal carotid artery. Intra-arterial mechanical thrombectomy with carotid stenting was performed immediately, and recanalization was achieved. The patient fully recovered and was discharged after a 1-week hospitalization. Our experience suggests that early intervention for radiation-related carotid stenosis might be essential and beneficial for the outcome of large-vessel ischemic stroke.
Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) – Still to be Considered in the Presence of Vascular Risk Factors
Authors: Ganesan Dinesh Naidu , Coste Thibault , Venketasubramanian Narayanaswamy
Published: December 2020

Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is a rare hereditary vasculopathy that primarily affects the brain, caused mostly by missense mutations of the NOTCH3 gene which is located on chromosome 19. Clinically, it manifests as transient ischemic attacks and strokes in individuals under the age of 60 years without vascular risk factors. We report a 46-year-old male with a 9 and 3-month history of progressive unilateral lower limb weakness and dysarthria, respectively. He had a history of diabetes mellitus but no hypertension, hyperlipidemia, or smoking history. Both parents had a stroke at the age of 65 years. Neurological examination was significant for moderate dysarthria and reduced right upper limb dexterity. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain revealed extensive white matter disease, lacunar infarcts, and a few microhemorrhages. Electron microscopy of his skin biopsy showed electron-dense deposits of extracellular osmiophilic granular material adjacent to smooth muscle cells. NOTCH3 gene analysis revealed a heterozygous typical mutation in exon 6. He was commenced on aspirin and atorvastatin. Over time, he became more dysarthric and demented. MRI revealed the progression of the white matter disease and a new right subcortical infarct. His aspirin was switched to clopidogrel, and donepezil was added. CADASIL should be considered among younger stroke patients with vascular risk factors, especially in the presence of widespread white matter disease. Genetic counselling may be needed after the diagnosis is made.
A Case of Successful Intravenous Thrombolysis Bridged with Repeated Endovascular Treatment in Acute Basilar Artery Occlusion
Authors: Pham Binh Nguyen , Phan Hoang Thi , Nguyen Trung Quoc , Nguyen Thang Huy
Published: December 2020

Acute basilar artery occlusion (BAO) is a neurological emergency that has a high rate of mortality and poor functional outcome. Endovascular therapy (ET) is the gold standard therapy for large vessel occlusion stroke of the anterior circulation. Whether ET can also be effectively and safely performed in early recurrent large vessel occlusion, especially in BAO, is unclear. We describe a case of successful recanalization and independent functional outcome of a BAO patient treated with intravenous thrombolysis combined with repeated ET. The patients was a 32-year-old man with a history of heavy smoking and drinking who presented to the Emergency Department with dizziness and hypertension, and progressed over the next 13 h to left hemiparesis and mild dysarthria with an NIHSS score of 7. CT angiography demonstrated occlusion of the proximal basilar artery (BA). Intravenous alteplase was given followed by ET. The first intervention failed and over the next 8 h, the patient’s NIHSS score increased to 12. A second attempt with balloon angioplasty managed to reconstitute arterial blood flow with a severe residual stenosis of the proximal BA. Subsequently, the patient progressed into deep coma with reocclusion of the BA demonstrated on transcranial Doppler. A third intervention with emergent stenting resulted in complete recanalization of the BA and excellent neurological recovery. This patient received three endovascular treatments within 24 h due to reocclusion of the BA and achieved good outcomes. In conclusion, repeated ET for early recurrent BAO is feasible in carefully selected patients.
Paclitaxel-Induced Bowel Perforation: A Rare Cause of Acute Abdomen
Authors: Shaikh Danial Haris , Baiomi Ahmed , Mehershahi Shehriyar , Abbas Hafsa , Gongati Sudharshan , Nayudu Suresh Kumar
Published: December 2020

Paclitaxel, a chemotherapeutic agent, is routinely administered for the treatment of various solid organ malignancies. In rare instances, patients receiving infusions of paclitaxel may present with signs of an acute abdomen. Ischemia and necrosis of the bowel wall from chemotherapy-induced neutropenia and direct toxic effects of the drug have been implicated as the cause. We present a case of necrotizing small and large bowel perforation in a patient with breast cancer, 2 weeks after paclitaxel administration.
The Family and Safety of the Hospitalized Patient: An Integrative Literature Review
Authors: Correia Tânia Sofia Pereira , Martins Maria Manuela Ferreira Pereira da Silva , Barroso Fernando Fausto Margalho
Published: December 2020

Framework: Considering that the current data on health care safety remain alarming, there is an overwhelming urge for the ongoing study of this topic and for recommendations and differentiated strategies which aim to promote health and which prove effective. Some recommendations have been taken into consideration, such as patient-centered care, and consequently the need for greater involvement of patient and family in this process. However, we have identified arguments for and against the involvement of family in the care process, and consequently a greater or lesser openness towards hospital visits. Objective: What are the implications of the presence of family for the safety of hospitalized patients? What does the science say about these implications? Methods: We conducted an integrative literature review by referring to the Web of Science, CINAHL, Medline, and Scopus databases, according to the recommendations of the Joanna Briggs Institute for scoping review. Results: We found 115 articles. After selection, 13 articles were included in this review. There were 6 qualitative studies, 5 quantitative studies, and 2 literature reviews. Data were grouped according to: the perspective of patients and their families, the health professionals’ perspective, and statistical evidence. Conclusion: Families take efforts to protect the safety of hospitalized patients but feel unprepared; a lack of follow-up was reported. Some health professionals claim that the presence of the family can increase the risks for patient safety and the fear of an increased workload. The evidence of the presence of the family and its link to the safety of the hospitalized patient demonstrated that this relationship is not yet well understood. There were limited findings about this in the current literature. Relevance to Clinical Practice: Structured interventions about family integration in ensuring the safety of hospitalized patients may have the potential to contribute to the safety of health care.
Clinical Features and Outcomes of Acute Kidney Injury in Patients Infected with COVID-19 in Xiangyang, China
Authors: Yuan Hai , Liu Jingjing , Gao Zhao , Hu Fengqi
Published: December 2020

Background: In December 2019, pneumonia associated with COVID-19 has spread from Wuhan to other areas in China. In the present study, we aimed to further clarify the clinical features and outcomes of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients infected with COVID-19 in Xiangyang, Hubei, China. Methods: All confirmed cases of COVID-19 with AKI in Xiangyang Central Hospital from January 22 to May 31, 2020, were included in this retrospective study. Data of epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, radiological tests, treatment, complication, and outcomes were collected and analyzed. Patients were divided into intensive care unit (ICU) group and isolation ward (non-ICU) group. Results: Of the total patients, 33.3% in the non-ICU group and 85.7% in the ICU group had chronic diseases. In addition, 85.7% of patients in the ICU group died. The most common symptoms were fever, cough, and fatigue. The lymphocyte count in the ICU group was significantly reduced compared with the non-ICU group. The chest computed tomography (CT) images appeared showed multiple mottles and ground-glass opacity. Strip shadow could be found in chest CT images of some recovered patients. All patients received antiviral treatment. Most patients in the ICU group were given methylprednisolone, immunoglobulin, antibiotics, and mechanical ventilation and 35.7% of patients in the ICU group received continuous renal replacement therapy. Conclusions: Elderly with chronic comorbidities were more susceptible to COVID-19, showing a higher mortality rate due to multiple organ damage, and 35.7% of patients with AKI in ICU received renal replacement therapy. Moreover, part of the cured patients might need additional time to recover for poor lung function.
La Sociología del crimen y la violencia en América Latina: un campo fragmentado
Authors: Alvarado Arturo
Published: December 2020

O objetivo deste artigo é estabelecer uma genealogia dos estudos sobre a sociologia do crime e da violência na América Latina, particularmente desde os anos 60 do século XX, quando surge um corpo de literatura com características claras de uma subdisciplina, com uma comunidade de conhecimento que promove seu próprio campo analítico autônomo. O processo gerador da criação dessas comunidades tem sido o desenvolvimento inexorável do crime. Com exceção da Colômbia, o resto dos países passou de baixos níveis de criminalidade para o aumento exponencial de múltiplas formas de violência e a multiplicação de atores ilegais. Os desafios cresceram mais rapidamente com explicações nacionais fragmentadas. No presente estudo, fornecemos uma amostra representativa dos estudos no subcontinente e examinamos criticamente suas bases teórico-metodológicas.
Bastilhas de pobres e prisões da democracia
Authors: Melossi Dario
Published: December 2020

Este ensaio pretende analisar a relação entre luta de classes e prisão a partir de duas de suas dimensões nas sociedades modernas: como mecanismo repressivo que opera contra vanguardas políticas e como mecanismo produtor de disciplina sobre amplas camadas sociais, mais especificamente, as classes despossuídas. Para cumprir este objetivo, recorremos à imagem da bastilha tradicional, para ilustrar a primeira dimensão, e da bastilha dos pobres, para nos referirmos à segunda. As bastilhas dos pobres se constituíram como meio de transformação antropológica do povo, fortemente vinculadas a uma ideia de democracia como autogoverno. O autocontrole, a ser adquirido na prisão, estava inerentemente vinculado ao autogoverno da democracia, como em um trade-off. Esse foi o caso na elaboração do Iluminismo, dos Quakers do século XVII a Beccaria e ao Panóptico de Bentham. O caso dos Estados Unidos é exemplar nesse sentido, pois nos permite compreender a relação entre o autocontrole, inscrito no projeto da disciplina prisional, e o autogoverno, como livre exercício da cidadania política.
Justiça juvenil no Brasil
Authors: Cifali Ana Claudia , Chies-Santos Mariana , Alvarez Marcos César
Published: December 2020

O presente ensaio tem por objetivo retomar a discussão acerca da trajetória da justiça juvenil no Brasil. A partir do diálogo com trabalhos já realizados no âmbito da Sociologia, da Criminologia e áreas vizinhas, pretende-se refletir acerca das possíveis continuidades e rupturas, ao longo da história brasileira, dessa justiça no país. Dos Códigos de Menores de 1927 e 1979 ao ECA, passando pela criação do Serviço de Assistência aos Menores, da Funabem etc., operadores do direito, setores das elites políticas, especialistas e pesquisadores, movimentos sociais, imprensa e outros atores redesenharam permanentemente essa área de atuação estatal, ao mobilizar saberes e diagnósticos diversos. Busca-se recuperar a complexidade de tal trajetória histórica para melhor refletir acerca dos paradoxos da justiça juvenil ainda na atualidade.
Ectoparasite insects of bats from the fields and weedlands eco-region of Argentina
Authors: Autino Analía Gladys , Idoeta Fabricio Miguel , Claps Guillermo Luis , Barquez Rubén Marcos
Published: December 2020

New information is presented for bats and their ectoparasite insects from the Argentine Field and Weedlands Ecoregion. Bats of the families Molossidae, Phyllostomidae and Vespertilionidae containing ectoparasites belonging to families Polyctenidae (Hemiptera), Nycteribiidae and Streblidae (Diptera) were collected. Here is presented the first record of Hesperoctenes cartus Jordan, 1922 for Argentina. Basilia plaumanni Scott, 1940 and H. vicinus Jordan, 1922 are added to the province of Misiones and Paratrichobius longicrus (Miranda Ribeiro, 1907) is added to the province of Corrientes. Additionally, the distributions of some ectoparasite insects are extended and new host-ectoparasite associations are reported.
A new species of Brethesiamyia Maia (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) from Colombia with description of immature forms
Authors: Ospina-Peñuela Esau Adenawer , Lamas Carlos José Einicker , Serna Francisco , Urso-Guimarães Maria Virginia
Published: December 2020

A new species of Brethesiamyia (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) is described from Colombia, which represents the first record of the genus for the country. We described the species based on male, female, pupa, larva of third instar and gall morphology, which the larva induces on leaves of Myrcia sp. (Myrtaceae) from the foothills situated at the connection of the Andes and the Amazon basin from Colombia. The first description of the third larval instar is provided for the genus.
Leptospirose canina em uma população assintomática da região sudoeste do estado de São Paulo, Brasil
Authors: Cortez Adriana , Reis Eduardo Alberto dos , Gomes Natália , Souza-Filho Antonio Francisco , Gonçales Amane Paldês , Pinto Celso Martins , Onofrio Valeria Castilho , Souza Gisele Oliveira , Guedes Israel Barbosa , Lima Daniel Magalhães , Carvalho Tânia Regina Vieira de , Moraes-Filho Jonas , Heinemann Marcos Bryan
Published: December 2020

A leptospirose é uma enfermidade infectocontagiosa que pode acometer os animais e o homem. Nos países tropicais e em desenvolvimento ocorrem 70% dos casos humanos, com mortalidade variando entre 10 a 70%. Os cães podem se tornar portadores assintomáticos por um longo período, podendo transmitir a Leptospira para humanos. Devido ao intenso convívio com o ser humano, os cães podem servir como sentinelas da contaminação ambiental. Esse trabalho investigou a frequência de ocorrência da leptospirose canina em populações assintomáticas da região sudoeste do estado de São Paulo. Para isso foram examinadas pela técnica de soroaglutinação microscópica (MAT), amostras de sangue provenientes de 572 cães assintomáticos dos municípios de Apiaí, Cananeia, Itapeva e Itu por amostragem de conveniência, oriundos de campanhas de castração. Em Apiaí, foram encontrados 40,5% dos animais reagentes para Leptospira spp.; em Itapeva, 42,6%; em Cananeia, 7,7% e em Itu, 5,1%. Os dados encontrados demonstram que, pelo menos, um animal dos municípios de Itapeva, Apiaí e Cananeia apresentaram título igual ou maior que 800, indicando a circulação da bactéria nessas localidades e que a equipe envolvida nas campanhas de castração precisam ser alertadas sobre o correto uso de equipamento de proteção individual, principalmente no esvaziamento mecânico da bexiga antes do procedimento cirúrgico. O estudo também sugere que as campanhas de castração podem ser estratégicas no monitoramento de doenças zoonóticas e poderiam auxiliar no estabelecimento de ações preventivas para a saúde humana e animal.
Feeding behavior of cockatiels in captivity
Authors: Freitas Priscilla Pimentel , Paz Vanair Carlos da , Navarro Rodrigo Diana
Published: December 2020

In nature, cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus) feed consists of a huge variety of seeds, fruits, flowers, leaves, and insects. In captivity, their feed is generally poor, as many breeders offer only a mixture of seeds as food, leading to nutrient deficiency and even obesity. This paper presents a study on cockatiel feeding behavior in artificial environments at different stages of development (growth, maintenance, and reproduction), to evaluate their preference from the offer of six different food types (sunflower seed, oats, millet, rice, ration, and a cornmeal based feed or farinhada), and an analysis of their preferences for locations in the cage. No significant differences were observed about the final weight of the birds during the stages of development. Consumption of millet seeds was significantly higher in the growth stage, but at this stage, the birds showed a preference for oats. On the other hand, at the reproduction and maintenance stages, they showed a preference for sunflower seeds. The birds in the reproduction stage were the ones that visited the nest, and the nest grid, the most. Among all the cage locations, all birds showed a preference for the perches.
Curso de neurologia por aprendizagem baseada em equipes
Authors: Andrade Felipe César Gomes de , Santos Assiria Maria Santana , Barbosa Leopoldo Nelson Fernandes
Published: December 2020

A neurologia enfrenta dificuldades de ensino em muitas escolas médicas. Entre as metodologias ativas, a Aprendizagem Baseada em Equipes auxilia o desenvolvimento de competências como a solução de problemas e a comunicação em grupo. Propôs-se desenvolver, aplicar e avaliar o primeiro curso de neurologia com esse método no Brasil e a utilização do Software TBL active. Participaram do curso 63 estudantes de Medicina do primeiro ano, que, ao responderam questionário final com 29 itens de avaliação do curso, consideraram a experiência válida para o ensino de neurologia. O método Aprendizagem Baseada em Equipes foi bem recebido pelos estudantes, mesmo diante de baixo desempenho nos testes revelado por suas médias finais. A Aprendizagem Baseada em Equipes, aplicada no curso médico e com uso de recursos tecnológicos, como o software TBL active, se mostrou mais uma ferramenta em benefício do ensino neurológico.
SARS-CoV-2: taxonomia, origem e constituição
Authors: Khalil Omar Arafat Kdudsi , Khalil Sara da Silva
Published: December 2020

Introdução: O SARS-CoV-2 é um novo coronavírus, responsável pela atual pandemia de COVID-19, o qual já infectou e causou a morte de milhares de pessoas em todo o mundo. Objetivo: Descrever aspectos básicos e fundamentais sobre o SARS-CoV-2, como nome, constituição, possíveis origens e classificação. Método: Revisão bibliográfica exploratória e descritiva, elaborada por meio de pesquisas nas plataformas PubMed, Scopus, Google Acadêmico, e SciELO. Os termos utilizados para a seleção dos materiais foram: “SARS-CoV-2”, “COVID-19”, “spike-protein”, “classification”, “coronavirus” e suas combinações. Resultados: Os coronavírus pertencem à família Coronaviridae, a qual abrange 2 subfamílias, 5 gêneros, 26 subgêneros e 46 espécies de vírus. O SARS-CoV-2 pertence ao gênero Betacoronavirus, subgênero Sarbecovirus, espécie Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus, e está relacionado à síndrome respiratória aguda. Sua classificação foi realizada pelo International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) levando-se em consideração principalmente características moleculares e filogenéticas e não a doença que causa. Este vírus surgiu na China, país em que há o hábito de consumir animais domésticos ou selvagens recentemente abatidos. Especula-se que o morcego-ferradura (Rhinolophus sinicus) seja o seu hospedeiro primário e que o pangolim malaio (Manis javanica) o hospedeiro intermediário. O SARS-CoV-2 é um vírus envelopado, aproximadamente esférico, e os seus vírions têm diâmetros médios de 80 a 120 nm. Possui genoma de RNA não segmentado, fita simples, codificando quatro proteínas principais: glicoproteína espicular (S), proteína do envelope (E), glicoproteína da membrana (M) e proteína do nucleocapsídeo (N). Os coronavírus utilizam a S como principal alvo para neutralizar anticorpos e para se ligar ao receptor enzima conversora de angiotensina 2. Conclusão: O conhecimento aprofundado sobre as características básicas do SARS-CoV-2 é fundamental para a melhor compreensão e entendimento dos aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos, fisiopatológicos e para o tratamento da COVID-19.
Estrutura e funcionamento das paisagens litorâneas cearenses à luz da Geoecologia das Paisagens
Authors: Vidal Maria Rita , Mascarenhas Abraão Levi dos Santos
Published: December 2020

Este artigo versa sobre a análise da estrutura e do funcionamento das paisagens da APA do estuário do rio Curu, no litoral oeste do Ceará, Nordeste do Brasil. Por meio da Geoecologia das Paisagens, definem-se conceitos relativos à organização estruturo-funcional da paisagem, e também se discute sua aplicabilidade. Apresenta-se o método de quantificação da estrutura da paisagem para análise de padrões espaciais e suas diferenciações, indicando sua composição em mosaico. Apresenta-se um mapa funcional das paisagens que permite esclarecer os mecanismos que regem o funcionamento da paisagem em tela.
Reestruturação do transporte aéreo de passageiros em Santa Catarina: da aviação regional para o sistema de hub
Authors: Silveira Márcio Rogério , Rodrigues Lucas Azeredo
Published: December 2020

Ao analisar os fluxos aéreos no estado de Santa Catarina, observamos uma mudança na sua tipologia, principalmente entre 2000 e 2005. Isso quer dizer que, além da movimentação, as rotas regionais com múltiplas escalas foram sendo substituídas aos poucos pelas mais longas, conectadas aos centros operacionais das companhias, localizados em importantes nós da rede urbana. Cidades com menor influência regional deixaram de operar voos, e a oferta passou a ser cada vez mais concentrada. Há também o melhoramento de variáveis que envolvem taxas de ocupação e oferta de assentos, entre outras, no âmbito da logística corporativa. Destacam-se ainda o efeito da logística de Estado no planejamento de transpor- tes via pactos normativos (normas e tributos) e os investimentos concentrados na reestruturação da aviação. Nesse sentido, este trabalho visa compreender o processo de reconfiguração territorial da aviação comercial de passageiros no Brasil por meio do que aconteceu em Santa Catarina.
Segregação socioespacial e o "Direito à Cidade"
Authors: Carlos Ana Fani Alessandri
Published: December 2020

As ideias contidas neste artigo se desdobram da hipótese segundo a qual a propriedade privada da riqueza, em sua várias formas, está no fundamento da produção do espaço urbano. A propriedade aparece, neste momento do processo histórico, como abstrata. Nesta condição a propriedade domina as relações sociais que se realizam, concretamente, num espaço marcado pela segregação e  vivida como a negação da cidade. Esses elementos iluminam as lutas entorno do direto à cidade.
Apresentação
Authors: Passos Cleusa Rios Pinheiro
Published: December 2020

Apresentação da seção de capa Hiroshima mon amour: 60 anos
“A História Literária e a Sociologia” – Gustave Lanson
Authors: Anjos Yuri Cerqueira dos
Published: December 2020

Nesta conferência intitulada “A História Literária e a Sociologia”, proferida na École des Hautes Études Sociales em 29 de janeiro de 1904, Gustave Lanson (1857-1934) aborda uma miríade de temas que marcaram sua visão pioneira acerca da história da literatura: da relação entre indivíduo e contexto social à literatura como parte de um sistema de comunicação, passando pela questão da recepção. As análises propostas neste texto se configuram como um germe de importantes discussões futuras no campo dos estudos literários não só no contexto francês. Esta tradução inédita para o português baseou-se na versão deste texto publicada na Revue de Métaphysique et de Morale (1904).
Predicting distributions of rare species: the case of the false coral snake Rhinobothryum bovallii (Serpentes: Colubridae)
Authors: Meza-Joya Fabio Leonardo , Rojas-Morales Julián Andrés , Ramos Eliana
Published: December 2020

Predicting distributions of rare species: the case of the false coral snake Rhinobothryum bovallii (Serpentes: Colubridae). Typically, the lack of enough high-quality occurrence data makes it diffcult to defne the geographic distribution of rare species. However, species distribution models provide a powerful tool for biodiversity management, including efforts to predict the distributions of rare species. Herein, new and historical data are used to model the distribution of the False Tree Coral snake, Rhinobothryum bovallii. The prediction map reveals a disjunct distribution for this species, from the Central American Isthmus to the northwestern portion of South America, with the species occupying lowlands and premontane forests below about 1500 m elevation. We identifed 491,516 km2 of suitable habitat for R. bovallii (minimum training presence threshold of 0.424) and 59,353 km2 of core habitat, with concentrations in three relatively isolated core areas (10-percentile training presence threshold of 0.396), as follow: (1) a “northern core” along the Pacifc and Caribbean coasts of Panama; (2) a “central core” in the Middle Magdalena Valley in Colombia; and (3) a “southern core” in the Ecuadorian Chocó. The occurrence of this species has a strong positive association with low precipitation seasonality, high precipitation in the warmest quarter, and low variability in annual temperature. Xeric and semiarid areas are unsuitable for this species and may pose environmental barriers limiting its distributional range. These results may lead to the discovery of additional populations of R. bovallii, identify priority survey areas, and by determining the extent of its natural habitat promote effective conservation strategies.
Anaesthetic, clinical, morphometric, haematological, and serum chemistry evaluations of an Andean Cat Leopardus jacobita (Cornalia, 1865) (Mammalia: Carnivora: Felidae) before release in Bolivia
Authors: Beltrán-Saavedra L. Fabián , Limachi Quiñajo Rolando , Ledezma Grace , Morales-Moreno Daniela , Villalba M. Lilian
Published: December 2020

The Andean Cat Leopardus jacobita, one of the most rare and endangered feline species in the world, is distributed from central Peru to central Argentina.  The aim of this study was to evaluate the health and morphometry of a subadult male Andean Cat that was rescued from wildlife trade in Bolivia and held captive for 165 days before being released back into its natural habitat.  Physical immobilizations followed by anaesthesia using ketamine hydrochloride (KH) and xylazine hydrochloride (XH) were performed to obtain clinical, morphometric, haematological and serum chemical parameters.  Physical immobilizations were efficient using capture nets.  The combination of KH + XH had an average initial sedation effect within 12min with a range of 10–16 min after intramuscular application.  Anaesthetic average plane lasted 41.7min with a range of 40–45 min and was extended to 64.5min (63–66 min range) with an addition of KH.  The individual was underweight on arrival and gradually reached an ideal condition and was overweight before its release.  Morphometry parameters showed that it grew during the captive period.  It was released back into the wild when it was considered healthy.  This is the first report of a protocol of physical and chemical immobilization, physiological values, and biometric variation of an Andean Cat under captive conditions.
Inhibition of Brainstem Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Rescues Cardiorespiratory Dysfunction in High Output Heart Failure
Authors: Díaz Hugo S. , Andrade David C. , Toledo Camilo , Schwarz Karla G. , Pereyra Katherin V. , Díaz-Jara Esteban , Marcus Noah J. , Del Rio Rodrigo
Published: December 2020

Recent evidence shows that chronic activation of catecholaminergic neurons of the rostral ventrolateral medulla is crucial in promoting autonomic imbalance and cardiorespiratory dysfunction in high output heart failure (HF). Brainstem endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) is known to promote cardiovascular dysfunction; however, no studies have addressed the potential role of brainstem ERS in cardiorespiratory dysfunction in high output HF. In this study, we assessed the presence of brainstem ERS and its potential role in cardiorespiratory dysfunction in an experimental model of HF induced by volume overload. High output HF was surgically induced via creation of an arterio-venous fistula in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), an inhibitor of ERS, or vehicle was administered intracerebroventricularly for 4 weeks post-HF induction. Compared with vehicle treatment, TUDCA improved cardiac autonomic balance (LF
HRV
/HF
HRV
ratio, 3.02±0.29 versus 1.14±0.24), reduced cardiac arrhythmia incidence (141.5±26.7 versus 35.67±12.5 events/h), and reduced abnormal respiratory patterns (Apneas: 11.83±2.26 versus 4.33±1.80 events/h). TUDCA administration (HF+Veh versus HF+TUDCA,
P
<0.05) attenuated cardiac hypertrophy (HW/BW 4.4±0.3 versus 4.0±0.1 mg/g) and diastolic dysfunction. Analysis of rostral ventrolateral medulla gene expression confirmed the presence of ERS, inflammation, and activation of renin-angiotensin system pathways in high output HF and showed that TUDCA treatment completely abolished ERS and ERS-related signaling. Taken together, these results support the notion that ERS plays a role in cardiorespiratory dysfunction in high output HF and more importantly that reducing brain ERS with TUDCA treatment has a potent salutary effect on cardiac function in this model.