bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
REGULATED DEFICIT IRRIGATION AND DIFFERENT MULCH TYPES ON FRUIT QUALITY AND YIELD OF WATERMELON
Authors: SARAIVA KLEITON ROCHA , VIANA THALES VINÍCIUS DE ARAÚJO , BEZERRA FRANCISCO MARCUS LIMA , COSTA SOLERNE CAMINHA , GONDIM RUBENS SONSOL
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to assess the pulp resistance, soluble solids and yield of watermelon fruits grown under different irrigation managements (determined by the ISAREG model) and mulches, and their interactions. After a survey carried out on local producers, two experiments were conducted, using a completely randomized block design in split-plot arrangement with four replications, in the Teaching, Research and Extension Unit (UEPE) of the Federal Institute of Ceara (IFCE), Jaguaribe-Apodi Irrigation District (DIJA), State of Ceara, Brazil. The treatments consisted of four irrigation managements in the plots, M1 (100% of the available-water capacity (AWC) of the soil), M2 (80%), M3 (60%) and M4 (average water depth used by local producers) and four mulch types in the sub-plots, without mulching (C0) with rice husk (C1), white plastic (C2) and black plastic (C3) as mulches. The results were subjected to analysis of variance, and significant results were subjected to regression (irrigation managements), average test (mulches) and trend graphs (interaction between the factors). The irrigation management practiced during the watermelon crop cycle by the local producers of the Irrigation District of Jaguaribe-Apodi (DIJA) in the State of Ceara, Brazil, is not appropriated, since they usually apply more water than the highest water depth determined by the ISAREG model (100% of the AWC). The plants grown under irrigation water depth of 365.20 mm (M1) and soils with mulches of rice husk or white plastic had the highest yields and fruits with better quality of soluble solids and pulp resistance.
RESISTANCE OF POTATO GENOTYPES TO Meloidogyne javanica
Authors: SCHAFER JAQUELINE TAVARES , GOMES CESAR BAUER , PEREIRA ARIONE DA SILVA , CRUZ FERNANDA FERREIRA , BARROS DANIELLE RIBEIRO DE
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the resistance of a group of clones and cultivars from the potato breeding program of Embrapa to Meloidogyne javanica. The experiment was conducted at Embrapa Temperate Climate, Pelotas / RS, under greenhouse conditions at temperatures of 25 ± 5°C. Individual potato plants of different genotypes [BRSIPR Bel, BRS F63 (Camila), CL02-05, F23-11-06, F32-02-06, F38-03-07, F189-09-06, F23-24-06 and F22-01-08], kept in pots with sterilized soil were inoculated with 5,000 eggs and J2 of M. javanica, using six replicates per treatment. The susceptible control, potato cultivar BRS Ana was inoculated with the same level of inoculum. Fifty-five days after inoculation, the number of galls on the roots of each plant was determined as well as the number of protuberances caused by nematodes in the different treatments. Then, the roots of each plant were processed for counting the number of eggs and J2, as well as determining the nematode reproduction factor (FR: final population / initial population). All genotypes were susceptible (FR> 1.00) to M. javanica. However, there were different levels of susceptibility among the cultivars tested.
Evaluation of facial attractiveness in black people according to the subjective facial analysis criteria
Authors: Melo Andréa Reis de , Conti Ana Cláudia de Castro Ferreira , Almeida-Pedrin Renata Rodrigues , Didier Victor , Valarelli Danilo Pinelli , Capelozza Filho Leopoldino
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the facial attractiveness in 30 black individuals, according to the Subjective Facial Analysis criteria. Methods: Frontal and profile view photographs of 30 black individuals were evaluated for facial attractiveness and classified as esthetically unpleasant, acceptable, or pleasant by 50 evaluators: the 30 individuals from the sample, 10 orthodontists, and 10 laymen. Besides assessing the facial attractiveness, the evaluators had to identify the structures responsible for the classification as unpleasant and pleasant. Intraexaminer agreement was assessed by using Spearman's correlation, correlation within each category using Kendall concordance coefficient, and correlation between the 3 categories using chi-square test and proportions. Results: Most of the frontal (53. 5%) and profile view (54. 9%) photographs were classified as esthetically acceptable. The structures most identified as esthetically unpleasant were the mouth, lips, and face, in the frontal view; and nose and chin in the profile view. The structures most identified as esthetically pleasant were harmony, face, and mouth, in the frontal view; and harmony and nose in the profile view. The ratings by the examiners in the sample and laymen groups showed statistically significant correlation in both views. The orthodontists agreed with the laymen on the evaluation of the frontal view and disagreed on profile view, especially regarding whether the images were esthetically unpleasant or acceptable. Conclusions: Based on these results, the evaluation of facial attractiveness according to the Subjective Facial Analysis criteria proved to be applicable and to have a subjective influence; therefore, it is suggested that the patient's opinion regarding the facial esthetics should be considered in orthodontic treatmentplanning.
Prototype to measure bracket debonding force in vivo
Authors: Tonus Jéssika Lagni , Manfroi Fernanda Borguetti , Borges Gilberto Antonio , Grigolo Eduardo Correa , Helegda Sérgio , Spohr Ana Maria
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT Introduction: Material biodegradation that occurs in the mouth may interfere in the bonding strength between the bracket and the enamel, causing lower bond strength values in vivo, in comparison with in vitro studies. Objective: To develop a prototype to measure bracket debonding force in vivo and to evaluate, in vitro, the bond strength obtained with the prototype. Methods: A original plier (3M Unitek) was modified by adding one strain gauge directly connected to its claw. An electronic circuit performed the reading of the strain gauge, and the software installed in a computer recorded the values of the bracket debonding force, in kgf. Orthodontic brackets were bonded to the facial surface of 30 bovine incisors with adhesive materials. In Group 1 (n = 15), debonding was carried out with the prototype, while tensile bond strength testing was performed in Group 2 (n = 15). A universal testing machine was used for the second group. The adhesive remnant index (ARI) was recorded. Results: According to Student’s t test (α = 0.05), Group 1 (2.96 MPa) and Group 2 (3.08 MPa) were not significantly different. ARI score of 3 was predominant in the two groups. Conclusion: The prototype proved to be reliable for obtaining in vivo bond strength values for orthodontic brackets.
NOTA SOBRE A RECEPÇÃO DE PIERRE BOURDIEU NO BRASIL
Authors: Ortiz Renato
Published: April 2017

Resumo Neste artigo, Renato Ortiz recorda sua primeiras leituras da obra do autor na década de 1970 quando estudava na França. Observa que no Brasil a recepção de Bourdieu não se fez sem controvérsias, entre outros motivos, devido aos debates sobre sociologia da ordem e sociologia do conflito, nos quais se identificava a sociologia de Bourdieu à primeira. Conta de sua relação com Florestan Fernandes para a organização e publicação da coletânea sobre Bourdieu na Coleção Grandes Cientistas Sociais pela Ática. Depois dos anos de 1980, entretanto, a obra do sociólogo francês é cada vez mais difundida nas ciências sociais brasileiras, contribuindo para isso, tanto a modernização e autonomização das instituições científicas brasileiras quanto a apropriação pelas ciências sociais de nova concepção de poder, nos anos de regime democrático, a qual permitiu a distinção entre política e poder.
Reservoir yield intercomparison of large dams in Jaguaribe Basin-CE in climate change scenarios
Authors: Fernandes Renato de Oliveira , Silveira Cleiton da Silva , Studart Ticiana Marinho de Carvalho , Souza Filho Francisco de Assis de
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT Climate changes can have different impacts on water resources. Strategies to adapt to climate changes depend on impact studies. In this context, this study aimed to estimate the impact that changes in precipitation, projected by Global Circulation Models (GCMs) in the fifth report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC-AR5) may cause on reservoir yield (Q90) of large reservoirs (Castanhão and Banabuiú), located in the Jaguaribe River Basin, Ceará. The rainfall data are from 20 GCMs using two greenhouse gas scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). The precipitation projections were used as input data for the rainfall-runoff model (SMAP) and, after the reservoirs’ inflow generation, the reservoir yields were simulated in the AcquaNet model, for the time periods of 2040-2069 and 2070-2099. The results were analyzed and presented a great divergence, in sign (increase or decrease) and in the magnitude of change of Q90. However, most Q90 projections indicated reduction in both reservoirs, for the two periods, especially at the end of the 21th century.
Comportamento alimentar no campo da Alimentação e Nutrição: do que estamos falando?
Authors: Klotz-Silva Juliana , Prado Shirley Donizete , Seixas Cristiane Marques
Published: April 2017

Resumo Comportamentos e hábitos alimentares são termos utilizados no campo da Alimentação e Nutrição, onde se destaca a ideia de autores que percebem os comportamentos como eventos controláveis e cuja repetição altera o hábito. Objetiva-se, neste ensaio, entender a influência dessa visão reducionista, destacando algumas discussões sobre os comportamentos alimentares à luz das Ciências Humanas, em particular, da Psicologia e da Filosofia, para estabelecer uma diferenciação em relação aos hábitos alimentares. Ao problematizar o modo simplificado como essa questão é abordada, busca-se no paradigma da complexidade de Morin elementos para entender a relação entre comportamentos e hábitos alimentares, considerando formas de entendimento oriundas de outros campos de saber que não se reduzem à lógica simplificadora da ciência positivista tradicional. Na perspectiva do pensamento complexo, o comportamento se desloca de ação condicionada para uma extensão que comporta as dimensões sociocultural, subjetiva e individual, consciente e inconsciente, enquanto o hábito se afirma como aquilo que na repetição faz sentido para o indivíduo, permitindo que este possa apropriar-se de forma singular das informações e orientações provenientes da ciência e sustentar suas mudanças.
A responsabilidade social universitária e a avaliação institucional: reflexões iniciais
Authors: Nunes Enedina Betânia Leite de Lucena Pires , Pereira Isabel Cristina Auler , Pinho Maria José de
Published: April 2017

Resumo: As mudanças sociais geradas pela globalização, expansão da educação superior e desenvolvimento tecnológico estão demandando novas ações das universidades. Nesse contexto, a avaliação institucional, que compreende a autoavaliação e avaliação externa, assume papel de extrema importância para as instituições de ensino superior. Este artigo reflete sobre a dimensão da responsabilidade social universitária, abordada na avaliação das instituições de ensino superior instituída pela Lei 10.861 de abril de 2004 (SINAES). A inclusão da dimensão Responsabilidade Social no instrumento de avaliação interna e externa contribui para melhor conhecimento e evolução da instituição, para a formulação de políticas institucionais, além de colaborar para a melhoria do desenvolvimento institucional. O documento parte do pressuposto de que as ações sociais implementadas e oferecidas pelas instituições de ensino superior à comunidade em seu entorno são de extrema relevância não apenas por cumprirem dispositivos legais, mas por desencadearem um processo que reforçará a sua reponsabilidade social, contribuindo para a melhoria visando aferição da sua qualidade na formação das pessoas. A discussão teórica baseou-se em autores como Boaventura de Souza Santos (2011) e Dias Sobrinho (2008), o que permitiu refletir sobre a importância da ênfase no compromisso social da universidade. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa com levantamento bibliográfico e documental. Entende-se, portanto, que a universidade do século XXI precisa ser aberta e romper com o modelo tradicional de instituição, como um sistema fechado e lutar pela sua autonomia e legitimidade, no sentido de construir a sua identidade institucional e cumprir a sua responsabilidade social.
Jumping in aquatic environment after sciatic nerve compression: nociceptive evaluation and morphological characteristics of the soleus muscle of Wistar rats
Authors: Malanotte Jéssica Aline , Kakihata Camila Mayumi Martin , Karvat Jhenifer , Brancalhão Rose Meire Costa , Ribeiro Lucinéia de Fátima Chasko , Bertolini Gladson Ricardo Flor
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the effect of jumping in aquatic environment on nociception and in the soleus muscle of trained and not trained Wistar rats, in the treatment of compressive neuropathy of the sciatic nerve. Methods Twenty-five Wistar rats were distributed into five groups: Control, Lesion, Trained + Lesion, Lesion + Exercise, and Trained + Lesion + Exercise. The training was jumping exercise in water environment for 20 days prior to injury, and treatment after the injury. Nociception was evaluated in two occasions, before injury and seven after injury. On the last day of the experiment, the right soleus muscles were collected, processed and analyzed as to morphology and morphometry. Results In the assessment of nociception in the injury site, the Control Group had higher average than the rest, and the Lesion Group was larger than the Trained + Lesion and Lesion + Exercise Groups. The Control Group showed higher nociceptive threshold in paw, compared to the others. In the morphometric analysis, in relation to Control Group, all the injured groups showed decreased muscle fiber area, and in the Lesion Group was lower than in the Lesion + Exercise Group and Trained + Lesion Group. Considering the diameter of the muscle fiber, the Control Group had a higher average than the Trained + Lesion Group and the Trained + Lesion + Exercise Group; and the Lesion Group showed an average lower than the Trained + Lesion and Lesion + Exercise Groups. Conclusion Resistance exercise produced increased nociception. When performed prior or after nerve damage, it proved effective in avoiding hypotrophy. The combination of the two protocols led to decrease in diameter and area of the muscle fiber.
PET/MRI: a novel hybrid imaging technique. Major clinical indications and preliminary experience in Brazil
Authors: Vitor Taise , Martins Karine Minaif , Ionescu Tudor Mihai , Cunha Marcelo Livorsi da , Baroni Ronaldo Hueb , Garcia Marcio Ricardo Taveira , Wagner Jairo , Campos Neto Guilherme de Carvalho , Nogueira Solange Amorim , Guerra Elaine Gonçalves , Amaro Junior Edson
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT In recent years, medical imaging with hybrid techniques has widely accepted and employed in clinical routine. PET/MRI offers significant advantages, including excellent contrast and resolution and reduced ionizing radiation, as compared to well-established PET/CT. Therefore, PET/MRI is a promising modality for oncologic imaging of some regions, such as brain, head and neck, liver and pelvis. This article set out to analyze clinical conditions that could benefit from PET/MRI imaging based on our caseload. The potential of PET/MRI to become the imaging modality of choice for assessment of neurologic and oncologic conditions associated with soft tissues is highlighted. Clinical aspects of PET/MRI and its application to clinical cases are illustrated with examples extracted from the authors’ preliminary experience.
The role of thromboelastometry in the assessment and treatment of coagulopathy in liver transplant patients
Authors: Zamper Raffael Pereira Cezar , Amorim Thiago Chaves , Costa Luiz Guilherme Villares da , Takaoka Flávio , Serpa Neto Ary
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT Perioperative monitoring of coagulation is vital to assess bleeding risks, diagnose deficiencies associated with hemorrhage, and guide hemostatic therapy in major surgical procedures, such as liver transplantation. Routine static tests demand long turnaround time and do not assess platelet function; they are determined on plasma at a standard temperature of 37°C; hence these tests are ill-suited for intraoperative use. In contrast, methods which evaluate the viscoelastic properties of whole blood, such as thromboelastogram and rotational thromboelastometry, provide rapid qualitative coagulation assessment and appropriate guidance for transfusion therapy. These are promising tools for the assessment and treatment of hyper- and hypocoagulable states associated with bleeding in liver transplantation. When combined with traditional tests and objective assessment of the surgical field, this information provides ideal guidance for transfusion strategies, with potential improvement of patient outcomes.
Association of the protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor 22 polymorphism (PTPN22) with endometriosis: a meta-analysis
Authors: Pabalan Noel , Jarjanazi Hamdi , Christofolini Denise Maria , Bianco Bianca , Barbosa Caio Parente
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate PTPN22 C1858T polymorphism and the risk of endometriosis. Methods A meta-analysis of 10 published case-control studies (from four articles), with a total sample of 971 cases and 1,181 controls, was performed. We estimated risk (odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals) of endometriosis associations with the C1858T polymorphism. Results A significant increased risk in all genetic models of the variant T allele with endometriosis (odds ratio: 3.14-5.55; p<0.00001-0.002) was found. The analysis without the study whose controls deviated from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium exacerbated these effects in the homozygous and recessive models (odds ratio: 7.19-9.45; p<0.00001-0.0002). In the Italian subgroup, a significant risk association was found in the homozygous and recessive models (odds ratio: 8.72-11.12; p=0.002). Conclusion The associations observed between PTPN22 (C1858T) and the risk of endometriosis suggest this polymorphism might be a useful susceptibility marker for this disease.
Effects of bacterial dextran on soil geophysical properties
Authors: Ta Hien Xuan , Muhunthan Balasingam , Ramezanian Somayeh , Abu-Lail Nehal , Kwon Tae-Hyuk
Published: April 2017

Leuconostoc mesenteroides is a model bacterium capable of producing a viscous polysaccharide, dextran, when supplied with sucrose. When L. mesenteroides bacteria are grown in soil, the accumulation of dextran has profound effects on the physical and transport properties of soils. This study examines the feasibility of using P-wave and S-wave signatures to monitor the accumulation of dextran in sand and its consequential effects on bioclogging in sands. To achieve this goal, a column experiment stimulating the production of dextran by L. mesenteroides was performed along with monitoring of changes in permeability, responses of P- and S-wave transmission and electrical resistivity. After 41 d, scanning electron microscopy images of the tested sand showed a notable amount of dextran accumulated in the pore space as well as coating the sand grains. The results show that permeability was reduced by more than one order of magnitude, the attenuation factor characteristics of the soils were increased and electrical resistivity increased. However, minimal changes in the P- and S-wave velocities were observed, indicating that dextran production has little effect on soil stiffness.
Aluta continua: Accountability and the Domestic Violence Act, 116 of 1998
Authors: Vetten Lisa
Published: April 2017

In 1998, in an attempt to undo the long-standing neglect of domestic violence,  legislators placed a set of duties on the police in relation to domestic violence and coupled these with a unique system of accountability relations and practices. This articles examines the effect of these in three ways:review both of complaints of misconduct, as well as the station audits conducted in terms of the Domestic Violence Act's prescripts, and analysis of the workings of the Act's accountability mechanisms over time. This shows the Act's system of accountability to have had some success in making domestic violence a policing priority. But this has taken a number of years of interaction across the domains of the political, legal, bureaucratic and the social to accomplish. On this account accountability reveals itself to be a contingent outcome and practice that also takes different forms at different times. It also remains an ambivalent undertaking in relation to domestic violence. While answers may be demanded of the police, oversight of these responses is lodged with an agency possessing limited capacity and weak institutional authority.
Analysis of the germination proteins in Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris spores subjected to external factors
Authors: Porębska Izabela , Sokołowska Barbara
Published: April 2017

The presence of Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris, a thermoacidophilic and spore-forming bacterium, in pasteurized acidic juices poses a serious problem for the processing industry. Therefore, the use of other more effective techniques, such as high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) and supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCD), is considered for preserving juices in order to inactivate these bacteria, while reducing the loss of nutrients and sensory quality.
HHP and SCCD combined with a moderately elevated temperature can, on the other hand, be factors which induce the germination of spores, making them more vulnerable to inactivation. The germination of spores can also be induced by nutrients such as L-alanine or a mixture of asparagine, glucose, fructose and potassium ions (AGFK).
The aim of this work was to determine how applying activating agents: HHP, SCCD and nutrient germinants (L-alanine and AGFK mixture) could influence on number of spores which start germinate and how it affects the proteins involved in the germination of spores.
SDS-PAGE was used to resolve the proteins from A. acidoterrestris spores.
The results indicated that the germination of A. acidoterrestris spores treated with HHP, SCCD and nutrient germinants reflect number of spores which start germinate. The SDS-PAGE results indicated changes in the level of selected proteins occurring when subjected to activating factors and noticeable differences were observed in their molecular weight.
Next Generation Sequencing Reveals High Prevalence of BRCA1 and BRCA2 Variants of Unknown Significance in Early-Onset Breast Cancer in African American Women
Authors: Ricks-Santi Luisel , McDonald J. Tyson , Gold Bert , Dean Michael , Thompson Nicole , Abbas Muneer , Wilson Bradford , Kanaan Yasmine , Naab Tammey J. , Dunston Georgia
Published: April 2017

Background: Variants of unknown signifi­cance (VUSs) have been identified in BRCA1 and BRCA2 and account for the majority of all identified sequence alterations. Notably, VUSs occur disproportionately in people of African descent hampering breast cancer (BCa) management and prevention efforts in the population. Our study sought to identify and characterize mutations associated with increased risk of BCa at young age.

Methods: In our study, the spectrum of mu­tations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 was enumer­ated in a cohort of 31 African American women of early age at onset breast cancer, with a family history of breast or cancer in general and/or with triple negative breast cancer. To improve the characterization of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 variants, bioinfor­matics tools were utilized to predict the potential function of each of the variants.

Results: Using next generation sequencing methods and in silico analysis of variants, a total of 197 BRCA1 and 266 BRCA2 vari­ants comprising 77 unique variants were identified in 31 patients. Of the 77 unique variants, one (1.3%) was a pathogenic frameshift mutation (rs80359304; BRCA2 Met591Ile), 13 (16.9%) were possibly pathogenic, 34 (44.2%) were benign, and 29 (37.7%) were VUSs. Genetic epidemio­logical approaches were used to determine the association with variant, haplotype, and phenotypes, such as age at diagnosis, family history of cancer and family history of breast cancer. There were 5 BRCA1 SNPs associated with age at diagnosis; rs1799966 (P=.045; Log Additive model), rs16942 (P=.033; Log Additive model), rs1799949 (P=.058; Log Additive model), rs373413425 (P=.040 and .023; Dominant and Log Additive models, respectively) and rs3765640 (P=.033 Log Additive model). Additionally, a haplotype composed of all 5 SNPs was found to be significantly associated with younger age at diagnosis using linear regression modeling (P=.023). Specifically, the haplotype containing all the variant alleles was associated with older age at diagnosis (OR= 5.03 95% CI=.91-9.14).

Conclusions: Knowing a patient’s BRCA mutation status is important for prevention and treatment decision-making. Improv­ing the characterization of mutations will lead to better management, treatment, and BCa prevention efforts in African Ameri­cans who are disproportionately affected with aggressive BCa and may inform future precision medicine genomic-based clinical studies.

Ethn Dis. 2017;27(1):169-178; doi:10.18865/ed.27.2.169
Development and Evaluation of Two Abbreviated Questionnaires for Mentoring and Research Self-Efficacy
Authors: Jeffe Donna B. , Rice Treva K. , Boyington Josephine E.A. , Rao Dabeeru C. , Jean-Louis Girardin , Dávila-Román Victor G. , Taylor Anne L. , Pace Betty S. , Boutjdir Mohamed
Published: April 2017

Objectives: To reduce respondent burden for future evaluations of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute-supported Programs to Increase Diversity Among Indi­viduals Engaged in Health-Related Research (PRIDE), a mentored-research education program, we sought to shorten the 33-item Ragins and McFarlin Mentor Role Instru­ment (RMMRI), measuring mentor-role ap­praisals, and the 69-item Clinical Research Appraisal Inventory (CRAI), measuring research self-efficacy.

Methods: Three nationally recruited, junior-faculty cohorts attended two, annual 2-3 week Summer Institutes (SI-1/SI-2: 2011/2012, 2012/2013, 2013/2014) at one of six PRIDE sites. Mentees completed the RMMRI two months after mentor assign­ment and the CRAI at baseline (pre-SI-1) and 6-month (mid-year) and 12-month (post-SI-2) follow-up. Publications data ob­tained from Scopus in October 2015 were verified with mentees’ curriculum vitae. The RMMRI and CRAI were shortened using an iterative process of principal-components analysis. The shortened measures were ex­amined in association with each other (mul­tiple linear regression) and with increase in publications (repeated-measures analysis of covariance).

Results: PRIDE enrolled 152 mentees (70% women; 60% Black, 35% Hispanic/Latino). Cronbach’s alphas for the new 9-item RMMRI, 19-item CRAI, and four CRAI-19 subscales were excellent. Controlling for baseline self-efficacy and cohort, RMMRI-9 scores were independently, positively associated with post-SI-2 scores on the CRAI-19 and three subscales (writing, study design/data analysis, and collaboration/grant preparation). Controlling for cohort, higher RMMRI-9 and post-SI-2 CRAI-19 scores were each associated with greater increase in publications.

Conclusions: The RMMRI-9 and CRAI- 19 retained the excellent psychometric properties of the longer measures. Find­ings support use of the shortened mea­sures in future evaluations of PRIDE. Ethn Dis. 2017;27(2):179-188; doi:10.18865/ed.27.2.179.
Good Night Owl by G. Pizzoli
Authors: Seiler Lisa
Published: April 2017

Pizzoli, Greg. Good Night Owl. Scholastic Inc., 2016.Good Night Owl, an illustrated picture book, is an easy read that will keep younger children looking for the mouse hiding in the pictures, and wondering what Owl will do next. The predictable pattern of Owl hearing a noise and then reacting to it continues throughout the story. These reactions quickly grow in severity, with Owl checking to see if it was the wind at the start, to tearing down the walls of the house with a sledge hammer at the end. When there are no more options for extreme reactions, Owl realizes that the noise wasn’t so bad after all and ends up going to sleep peacefully. The story begins with a calm and quiet tone, continues with progressive excitement, and finally ends with the same calmness of the beginning, lulling Owl to sleep. The cartoon-like illustrations enhance the story and text by giving the reader a visual representation of the emotions that Owl is experiencing. Children will easily be able to understand how Owl feels at each point of the story.Owl’s reactionary behaviour could be a good springboard in discussion to show the importance of thinking before acting. Though the consequences for Owl’s reactions are not mentioned (only briefly shown in the pictures as his house is destroyed), my children easily saw how these actions were not necessary, thought of what could have been done instead, and together we laughed a lot along the way. This is a wonderfully fun and easy read that would be a welcome addition to an elementary classroom or library.Recommended: 3 out of 4 starsReviewer: Lisa SeilerLisa Seiler is a grade 4 teacher with Edmonton Public Schools and mother of two girls, aged 6 and 10 years.
IMM Fifth-Degree Spherical Simplex-Radial Cubature Filter for Maneuvering Target Tracking
Authors: Liu Hua , Wu Wen
Published: April 2017

For improving the tracking accuracy and model switching speed of maneuvering target tracking in nonlinear systems, a new algorithm named interacting multiple model fifth-degree spherical simplex-radial cubature filter (IMM5thSSRCKF) is proposed in this paper. The new algorithm is a combination of the interacting multiple model (IMM) filter and fifth-degree spherical simplex-radial cubature filter (5thSSRCKF). The proposed algorithm makes use of Markov process to describe the switching probability among the models, and uses 5thSSRCKF to deal with the state estimation of each model. The 5thSSRCKF is an improved filter algorithm, which utilizes the fifth-degree spherical simplex-radial rule to improve the filtering accuracy. Finally, the tracking performance of the IMM5thSSRCKF is evaluated by simulation in a typical maneuvering target tracking scenario. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has better tracking performance and quicker model switching speed when disposing maneuver models compared with IMMUKF, IMMCKF and IMM5thCKF.
Looking Beyond Gender Attitudes of Rural Mothers on the Nutrition and Health of their Children:A Comparative Study among Santhals and Non-Santhals in West Bengal
Authors: Chattopadhyay Purba
Published: April 2017

Child malnutrition is a chronic problem in India according to NFHS-3, Forty eight per cent of children under the age of five, are stunted due to chronic under nutrition, with 70 % being anaemic. This dismal nutrition situation of children is very much a matter of gender as women differ from men in specific nutritional needs during adolescence, pregnancy and lactation. Further, girls today are women tomorrow which leads to an intergenerational cycle of malnourishment where the under nourished mother gives birth to a malnourished child. Also, women (mothers) are mostly responsible for the up keep and care of the child in its formative years, so her gender attitudes are consequential to the nutritional and health entitlements of the child. In the above context the present study focuses on the nutritional entitlements of the 515 primary school going children of 300 women from three districts of rural West Bengal by applying Clinical Nutrition Survey Chart, 24 h recall method and Food Frequency Questionnaire, health and immunization records. Nutrient intake and consumption frequency of all the 6 food groups, like meat and protein, grains, fruits, vegetables, dairy, fats and oils, were collected for the afore-mentioned sample. SPSS-17 was used for statistical calculation. It was seen gender outlook of the tribal population was more egalitarian than the general population at 0.05% level of significance. Also factors like birth order, age at weaning and mother's age at marriage were detrimental to the malnourishment status of the child.
Maternal Methyl-Cycle Amino Acid Profile and Kinetics: Relation with Placental Growth
Authors: Devi Sarita , Crasta Julian , Thomas Tinku , Dwarkanath Pratibha , Thomas Annamma , Sheela C. N. , Kurpad Anura V. , Mukhopadhyay Arpita
Published: April 2017

Maternal intake of quality protein regulates placental development and function thereby affecting fetal growth. Considering the prevalence of inadequate intakes of quality protein in Indian pregnant women, understanding the interplay between maternal supply of protein, its metabolism and fetoplacental growth becomes important. A secondary analysis of data from an open labelled-randomized intervention trial with 500 ml milk/day on south Indian pregnant women with marginally low vitamin B12 status, was performed to assess the relations between placental parameters and maternal trimester 3 methyl-cycle amino acid status as well as kinetics. This analysis was performed for 42 pregnancies from the trial where placentae had been collected and placental parameters had been measured. For these pregnancies, data on trimester 3 methionine, serine and glycine kinetics as well as plasma free amino acid concentrations were available. Protein intake and plasma citrulline concentrations were positively correlated at trimester 3 (ρ = 0.34, P = 0.027). Placental weight correlated positively with methyl-cycle specific amino acid concentrations [methionine (ρ = 0.32, P = 0.0388), serine (ρ = 0.49, P = 0.0009)], methionine kinetics [total methionine flux rates (ρ = 0.42, P = 0.006), RM (ρ = 0.45, P = 0.003), TS (ρ = 0.32, P = 0.046), TM (ρ = 0.45, P = 0.004)] and with birth weight (ρ = 0.57, P < 0.001). Findings from the current study indicate that maternal amino acid availability and more importantly, maternal methionine kinetics, positively influenced placental growth, likely mediated by key amino acids such as citrulline, which is known to regulate placental blood flow and function. As an appropriately functioning placenta is indispensable for fetal growth, these findings will form the basis for detailed mechanistic explorations into the placental regulation of maternal supply of amino acid to the fetus for designing effective intervention strategies towards optimizing fetomaternal health during and after pregnancy.
Review of Recent Methodological Developments in Group-Randomized Trials: Part 1—Design
Authors: Turner Elizabeth L. , Li Fan , Gallis John A. , Prague Melanie , Murray David M.
Published: April 2017

In 2004, Murray et al. reviewed methodological developments in the design and analysis of group-randomized trials (GRTs). We have highlighted the developments of the past 13 years in design with a companion article to focus on developments in analysis. As a pair, these articles update the 2004 review.

We have discussed developments in the topics of the earlier review (e.g., clustering, matching, and individually randomized group-treatment trials) and in new topics, including constrained randomization and a range of randomized designs that are alternatives to the standard parallel-arm GRT.

These include the stepped-wedge GRT, the pseudocluster randomized trial, and the network-randomized GRT, which, like the parallel-arm GRT, require clustering to be accounted for in both their design and analysis.
Machine Learning for Social Services: A Study of Prenatal Case Management in Illinois
Authors: Pan Ian , Nolan Laura B. , Brown Rashida R. , Khan Romana , van der Boor Paul , Harris Daniel G. , Ghani Rayid
Published: April 2017

Objectives. To evaluate the positive predictive value of machine learning algorithms for early assessment of adverse birth risk among pregnant women as a means of improving the allocation of social services.

Methods. We used administrative data for 6457 women collected by the Illinois Department of Human Services from July 2014 to May 2015 to develop a machine learning model for adverse birth prediction and improve upon the existing paper-based risk assessment. We compared different models and determined the strongest predictors of adverse birth outcomes using positive predictive value as the metric for selection.

Results. Machine learning algorithms performed similarly, outperforming the current paper-based risk assessment by up to 36%; a refined paper-based assessment outperformed the current assessment by up to 22%. We estimate that these improvements will allow 100 to 170 additional high-risk pregnant women screened for program eligibility each year to receive services that would have otherwise been unobtainable.

Conclusions. Our analysis exhibits the potential for machine learning to move government agencies toward a more data-informed approach to evaluating risk and providing social services. Overall, such efforts will improve the efficiency of allocating resource-intensive interventions.
Small-Group Randomized Controlled Trial to Increase Condom Use and HIV Testing Among Hispanic/Latino Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex With Men
Authors: Rhodes Scott D. , Alonzo Jorge , Mann Lilli , Song Eunyoung Y. , Tanner Amanda E. , Arellano Jorge Elias , Rodriguez-Celedon Rodrigo , Garcia Manuel , Freeman Arin , Reboussin Beth A. , Painter Thomas M.
Published: April 2017

Objectives. To evaluate the HOLA en Grupos intervention, a Spanish-language small-group behavioral HIV prevention intervention designed to increase condom use and HIV testing among Hispanic/Latino gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men.

Methods. In 2012 to 2015, we recruited and randomized 304 Hispanic/Latino men who have sex with men, aged 18 to 55 years in North Carolina, to the 4-session HOLA en Grupos intervention or an attention-equivalent general health education comparison intervention. Participants completed structured assessments at baseline and 6-month follow-up. Follow-up retention was 100%.

Results. At follow-up, relative to comparison participants, HOLA en Grupos participants reported increased consistent condom use during the past 3 months (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 4.1; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.2, 7.9; P < .001) and HIV testing during the past 6 months (AOR = 13.8; 95% CI = 7.6, 25.3; P < .001). HOLA en Grupos participants also reported increased knowledge of HIV (P < .001) and sexually transmitted infections (P < .001); condom use skills (P < .001), self-efficacy (P < .001), expectancies (P < .001), and intentions (P < .001); sexual communication skills (P < .01); and decreased fatalism (P < .001).

Conclusions. The HOLA en Grupos intervention is efficacious for reducing HIV risk behaviors among Hispanic/Latino men who have sex with men.
Hairy Vetch Biomass across the Eastern United States: Effects of Latitude, Seeding Rate and Date, and Termination Timing
Authors: Mirsky Steven B. , Ackroyd Victoria J. , Cordeau Stephane , Curran William S. , Hashemi Masoud , Reberg‐Horton S. Chris , Ryan Matthew R. , Spargo John T.
Published: April 2017

Core Ideas

Seeding hairy vetch at the optimal time is crucial for biomass production.

Optimal hairy vetch seeding rate for maximizing biomass production depends on latitude.

The optimal seeding rate is 15 to 20 kg ha−1 in Massachusetts, New York, and Pennsylvania.

The optimal seeding rate is 5 to 10 kg ha−1 in Maryland and North Carolina.

Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) is a legume grown for high biomass and N fixation. Climate, population density, establishment date, and termination timing affect biomass production; the combined effect of these factors has not been documented. We conducted an experiment in Massachusetts, New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and North Carolina across a range of hairy vetch seeding rates and dates and termination timings to define biomass production potential and determine minimum seeding rates. Hairy vetch was planted at two dates at rates of 6 to 50 kg ha−1. The cover crop was terminated at early and intermediate vegetative and 50% flowering stages. Across the factorial of planting and termination dates, biomass increased 529 kg ha−1 on average for every 100 growing degree days (GDD) accumulated. Maximum biomass across treatments was 460 to 2815 kg ha−1 in Massachusetts, 23 to 4523 kg ha−1 in New York, 72 to 6570 kg ha−1 in Pennsylvania, 1106 to 7117 kg ha−1 in Maryland, and 4314 to 7759 kg ha−1 in North Carolina. In Massachusetts, New York, and Pennsylvania, hairy vetch produced maximum biomass at seeding rates of 15 to 20 kg ha−1, at the low end of the currently recommended rate of 18 to 22 kg ha−1. In Maryland and North Carolina, hairy vetch produced maximum biomass when seeded at 5 to 10 kg ha−1. Our results show significant variation in optimal seeding rates across a latitudinal gradient, and illustrate the importance of site‐specific management.
Early Metabolic and Photosynthetic Responses to Drought Stress in Common and Tepary Bean
Authors: Traub Jesse , Kelly James D. , Loescher Wayne
Published: April 2017

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important food crop, especially in East Africa and Central and South America. Subsistence farmer yields in these areas are limited by the many common bean cultivars that are drought sensitive. Consequently, a major goal of breeding programs is to improve drought tolerance. Our objective was to identify and compare physiological components of drought stress among common bean genotypes varying in stress tolerance. We also included the closely related and highly stress‐tolerant tepary bean (P. acutifolius A. Gray). Compositional parameters often related to drought tolerance revealed no drought effect on free proline, but malate, glucose, fructose, inositol, and raffinose all increased, sometimes enough to osmotically adjust leaf tissues. Abscisic acid (ABA) was especially drought responsive. Although genotypic differences were unrelated to tolerance, grafting revealed that shoot identity controlled ABA levels in stressed roots and that root identity had little or no effect on stomatal behavior. Photosynthetic parameters derived from photosynthesis versus intercellular CO2 concentration curves were not related to drought tolerance, but some traits were related to productivity. Stomatal control and low conductance were clearly associated with tolerance, conserving water during stress, and increasing water use efficiencies. This study should provide guidance in selection of traits associated with enhanced drought tolerance in common bean.
In situ Degradation Patterns of ‘Tifton 85’ Bermudagrass with Dried Distillers’ Grains Supplementation
Authors: Smith W. Brandon , Foster Jamie L. , McCuistion Kimberly C. , Tedeschi Luis O. , Rouquette Francis M.
Published: April 2017

Season of forage growth and supplementation have the potential to affect digestion and animal performance. The objectives were to evaluate the ruminal digestion kinetics of ‘Tifton 85’ bermudagrass (T85) [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. × C. nlemfuënsis Vanderyst] as affected by seasonality and rate of supplemental dried distillers’ grains with solubles (DDGS). Samples were harvested in June, August, and October 2014. Six ruminally‐fistulated steers were allocated to three pens. Pens (experimental unit) were randomly assigned one of three rates of DDGS: 0, 2.5, or 10 g kg–1 body weight (BW) as fed. Duplicate samples of each seasonality were inserted into the rumen of each animal en masse and removed sequentially after 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 72, or 96 h. Degradation of dry matter (DM) decreased with increasing seasonality (P ≤ 0.01) and DDGS (P ≤ 0.04). The indigestible fraction (U) of DM from T85 was least (P < 0.05) for June (190 g kg–1), followed by August (337 g kg–1), and greatest for October (407 g kg–1). The U from T85 DM was not different (P = 0.47) based on rate of DDGS (312 g kg–1). There was an interaction of seasonality and DDGS for T85 NDF (P = 0.01) and ADF disappearance (P < 0.01). Increasing DDGS improved degradation of June but not October seasonality. Harvests from later in the season may have altered the cell wall structural profile, and increases in DDGS supplementation might have created an inhospitable rumen environment for fiber‐degrading bacteria.
Application of molecular biology in the studies towards genetically modified organisms used in feed in Poland
Authors: Sieradzki Zbigniew , Mazur Małgorzata , Król Beata , Kwiatek Krzysztof
Published: April 2017

Genetically modified organisms are increasingly used in the production of feed and food, which has met with opposition from consumers. The aim of the study was the use of molecular biology methods with particular emphasis on techniques of real-time PCR in the research in the detection and identification of genetically modified feed. The research materials were samples of feed taken from feed produced and used in animal nutrition in Poland in the years 2004–2015. The applied research methods included PCR and real-time PCR techniques, and consisted in the detection and determination of the DNA content of genetically modified plants. Cascade methods used in this study included the screening method of detection of GMOs, the method of identifying the type of GMO, and methods of quantitative analysis of GMO content. As part of the research task in the years 2004–2015 a total of 1435 samples of feed towards GMOs were examined. A positive result was found in 559 cases (39%). Most frequently the positive samples were found the presence of genetically modified soybeans (531, 37%). Moreover, within the years 2014–2015 an increase in the number of positive GM rape samples was observed (56, 4%). GM maize contained the least positive samples (38, 2.6%). GMO content above the legislative threshold 0.9% was found in the vast majority of samples containing GM soy, while for maize and rapeseed the number of samples containing more than 0.9% GMO was respectively 12 and 8. Analysis of the feed market in Poland indicates that the soybean plant is the most common genetically modified crop. Analysis of the origin of sources of GM rapeseed showed that the reasons for this should be sought in batches of rapeseed imported from third countries. It has been observed with regard to the situation of GM maize for the feed market in Poland that from 2013 the situation changed radically as a result of the Decree of the Ministry of Agriculture issued prohibiting the cultivation of MON810 maize on Polish fields. The result of our study showed that the proportion of genetically modified feed on the feed market in Poland is very similar to other EU countries. The source of GMOs in feed on the Polish market is feed materials imported into Poland as a source of feed protein.
Molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis of non-cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus isolate obtained from a local respiratory outbreak in Northern Turkey
Authors: Yazici Zafer , Gumusova Semra , Tamer Cuneyt , Cagirgan Abdurrahman A. , Akman Ayhan , Ozan Emre , Kadi Hamza , Palanci Hasan S. , Albayrak and Harun
Published: April 2017

In February 2016, a local respiratory disease outbreak with two fatalities was reported in Samsun, Turkey. A non-cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus (ncp-BVDV) was identified from the organ and leucocyte samples of dead juvenile heifers using RT-PCR with specific primers for the NS2/3 gene coding region. The NS2/3 gene of BVDV was sequenced and compared with other published sequences of BVDV. The sequences of our isolate which was named as Samsun TR, had 81–83% nucleotite (nt) identity for BVDV-1. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Samsun-TR was closely related to LC089875 (Japan), AF526381 (China) and also shared 83% nucleotide(nt) identity with them. The NS2/3 gene sequence of Samsun-TR was deposited in the GenBank database with the accession number of KX428495.