bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Les cadres supérieurs de l’administration publique mexicaine
Authors: Hernández Rodríguez Rogelio
Published: January 2024

The Mexican Senior Civil Servants

The mexican top service has the reputation of corresponding to an incompetent and politicized bureaucracy. In fact, the examination of civil servants’ careers between 1946 and 1988 reveals that the public service has changed into a professional activity that trains and specializes the civil servant as much in political tasks as in administrative ones. The long period of administrative career, professional qualification and the mobility of senior civil servants confirm that there is hence forth a System of administrative control that provides training and sufficient knowledge for exercising, with a certain degree of efficiency, a post of a high level.
Barcelone après les Jeux olympiques
Authors: Valls Josep-Francesc
Published: January 2024

Barcelona after the Olympic Games

At the end of the eighties Barcelona was looking for its new vocation, as did most towns of an international size. To get adapted to its new functions, a "commercial logic" had to be integrated in its management, in order to sell the Barcelona product as well inside as outside of the city. The olympic games emerged as the means to meet the challenge and accomplished this. The economic possibilities and the creation of transport infrastructures, hotels and sporting infrastructures have been playing a double role : dynamizing the cities’ activity so much that it has become an important competitor to other European metropoles and rehabilitating its image in the minds of its inhabitants as well as of those -professionals and tourists -it could interest. Nowadays, the new challenge Barcelona has to meet is to prove that it can integrate the olympics’ results into long run economic and social life.
Les procédés formels et informels de l’action administrative
Authors: Morita Akira
Published: January 2024

Formal and Informal Processes of Administrative Action

Administrative action is nowadays submitted to the rule of law. Therefore all its processes have to lay on a legal foundation. Indeed there are legally defined processes in Japan which are largely regulated. However, the specificity of japanese administration lies in the fact that, parallel to these legally defined processes, other less informal ones have been developped in order to ensure controlling and regulatory functions. These informal processes (mainly administrative directives) undermine the principle of the rule of law and form a problem from the point of view of citizens’ rights’ protection. Nevertheless, these negative aspects should not hide the positive side of informal procedures : a better optimisation of control, which results from their fine tuning and their ability to be adapted to circumstances.
Les privatisations en Bulgarie : mécanismes et intérêts
Authors: Keremidtchiev Spartak
Published: January 2024

Denationalization in Bulgaria : Mechanisms and Interests.

Different types of denationalizations can be distinguished in Central and Eastern European countries. Bulgaria is a good example of a «blocked denationalization». This blocking derives essentially from the absence of strong political will caused by the populism of political forces. Conflict of interests can be found either at the executive level or in the bodies in charge of denationalization. Besides, the professional changes required by denationalization are not accepted by the administration. Because of this demanding and conflictual environment, the diverse participants of denationalization have no immediate interests in speeding up the process.
Des entreprises d’Etat à l’économie marchande : ambitions et résultats des privatisations en Russie
Authors: Kouznetsov Victor
Published: January 2024

From Public Enterprises to a Free Market Economy :

Ambitions and Results of Russia’s Denationalizations.

The denationalization of public undertakings in Russia was an ambitious experience, difficult to realise because of the deep changes that it required in the economical and legal infrastructures. A statement made after the end of the first phase of denationalization revealed major dysfunctions. That is why some modifications were made to form groups of strategie owners. The denationalization also conducted to a multiplication of various legal statutes for recently denationalized enterprises, and these legal uncertainties increased those related to the precarious economic situation of the country.
Les succès et les échecs de la modernisation de l’administration italienne. L’expérience du gouvernement Ciampi
Authors: Cassese Sabino
Published: January 2024

Success and Failure of the Modernization of the Italian Administration : The Ciampi Government Experience.

The modernization of the Italian administration began during a period where in the country was in the midst of an economic, financial, administrative, and political crisis. Launched in 1992 by the Ciampi government, modernization policies set out to achieve several objectives : to place public service users at the heart of public administration preoccupations by simplifying administrative structures, to reduce administrative activity costs by fighting effectively against corruption, and finally by proceeding to translate into national law a certain number of European directives. This endeavor to modernize, which users did not support, also encountered several other forms of resistance, from both from political as well as administrative forces.
Les politiques de régulation de l’assurance maladie en France et en Allemagne
Authors: Döhler Marian , Hassenteufel Patrick
Published: January 2024

Regulation of Health Insurance in France and Germany

While the French and German Systems of social insurance have strong structural similarities (being para-state Systems), there are important differences in the ways of regulating the Systems. Thus, in France, State representatives occupy a predominant position in the policy of regulation of this sector of health care, a sector which is nevertheless very fragmented ; however in Germany a body of well organised non-state actors play an essential role in the regulation of the System. These essential distinctions have a considerable influence upon policies conceming the limitation of health service expenditure, which are largely negotiated in Germany and imposed by the State in France, and on the result of these policies.
La transformation du rôle des instances régionales dans le système de santé au Québec -Le cas de Montréal-Centre
Authors: Denis Jean-Louis
Published: January 2024

The Transformation of the Role of Regional Authorities in the Quebec Health Service.

The Case of Regional Government Control in Montreal-Centre

The System of health care in Quebec has undergone important changes since its reform in 1991. The reform was carried out within a legislative framework and with regard to particular political and administrative traditions. With the objective of curbing expenditure on health care, securing equal access to services and maintaining the political means for redistribution of collective resources, the reform is an attempt at compromise between a technocratie desire to maintain control over the System and a discourse of decentralisation.
Les contenus d’enseignement, enjeu technique ou politique ?
Authors: Gauthier Roger-François
Published: January 2024

The Contents of Education : a Technical or Political Matter ?

The corporatism of the teaching profession, conservatism and established ideas undoubtedly have prevented debate upon the content of education. The situation seems to change little. While, in France, it is true that education curricula fall within the remit of the executive, the debate is, nevertheless, open to numerous participants. The participation of researchers, professors, professional bodies and parents has been somewhat restrained. Obtaining a degree appears to be of more concern than its actual content. A more global calling into question of the desired aim of education, and hence its content, might allow apprenticeship to be valued at last.
Faut-il codifier le droit en Afrique ?
Authors: Nzouankeu Jacques mariel
Published: January 2024

Ought Law to be Codified ? The African Example.

The African countries aspire towards the creation or the consolidation of the rule of law and are conscious that the codification of laws constitutes one of the ways of attaining this objective. But there are major obstacles concerning on the one hand legal uncertainty, which manifests itself both in relation to the question of which laws are applicable and the question of their areas of application ; on the other hand codification of legal norms represents a cost which is difficult for most African countries to bear. This is why alternative solutions are envisaged, amongst which mention must be made of the concept of ’good governance', and also the better use of information technology which would offset the inexistence of codes or their insufficiency.
Le bureau du Chancelier allemand
Authors: Müller-Rommel Ferdinand
Published: January 2024

Although it has no legal base in the Fundamental Law, the office of the Chancellor gives the Chancellor the administrative, even political, support which is indispensable in conducting government. The tasks and the running of the office vary according to the personality of the Chancellor. Members of the office are principally experienced civil servants whose feel for politics is considerable. The office, which represents the essential centre for coordination, has however never managed to exercise independent political influence.
Vers une redéfinition des relations entre l'administration, les citoyens et les entreprises ?
Authors: Rondeau Jean-Claude
Published: January 2024

Towards a Redefinition of Relations Between the Administration, Citizens and Businesses.

The State is undergoing a period of transformation, relations between citizens and those exercising political and administrative power and businesses are enjoying the opening up of markets on a world-wide scale and the globalisation of trade. New forms of information technology and new methods of communication may provide a way for reconceptualising this three-way relationship. Initial experiments have permitted certain lines of development to be ascertained. These demonstrate the pitfalls to be avoided, the necessity for total involvement on the part of political powers and for increased decentralisation to make those involved more accountable and to facilitate a closer relationship with users of public services.
Les sirènes de la politisation - Fonction publique et politique en Grèce
Authors: Spanou Calliope
Published: January 2024

The Sirens of Politicisation : Civil Service and Politics in Greece.

In Greece, the grip of those in political power upon the civil service is a permanent feature of a system which has been discredited by its excesses in this area. The denunciation of politicisation has henceforth become an obligatory theme in all oppositional discourse but has only been translated into practice by a number of limited and isolated developments. Rather than restricting political interventions, which inevitably come up against old habits of networking and patronage, the tendency has been towards strengthening the independence of civil servants by providing it with the necessary tools to secure this end.
Les fonctionnaires danois et la définition des politiques
Authors: Knudsen Tim
Published: January 2024

Danish Civil Servants and Policy-Making.

The tradition of the Danish civil service, a product of its historical heritage, is one of impartiality and independence with respect to political power. The recruitment of several political counsellors on the basis of their affiliation to a political party has not changed this broad picture but has brought about a number of developments. The domination of lawyers at the highest level has created a space for their association with economists and political scientists, reinforcing the capacity for policy making. Ministers will henceforth play a more active role of initiation at the heart of an increasingly competitive organisation.
L’expérience de la Haute École d’administration publique en Italie
Authors: Della Cananea Giacinto
Published: January 2024

The Reform Experience of the Superior School of Public Administration in Italy.

The Superior school of public administration (Scuola Superiore della pubblica amministrazione - Sspa) was founded in 1957 so as to centralize the training of civil servants. The history of the Sspa is all together the history of a reform constantly reiterated because it failed and failed because it was reiterated. The study of the delays in the application of the successive reforms and their setbacks, helped highlight the lack of preparation and follow up.
La décentralisation en Angleterre, en France et en Allemagne. De la divergence historique à la convergence ?
Authors: Wollmann Hellmut
Published: January 2024

Decentralisation in England, France and Germany -From Historical Divergence to Convergence ?

The comparative study of the evolution of local authorities in England, France and Germany since the 19th century, reveals the importance of historical institutional heritage in each of these Systems whether this be as a result of the influence which it still exerts, or by the reform initiatives which it has provoked. Successive usage of three typologies facilitates the revelation of the essential characteristics of decentralisation in the three countries and the identification of broad tendencies towards convergence.
L'expertise en matière de sécurité
Authors: Chalumeau Éric , Glorieux Patrick
Published: January 2024

Expertise in the Area of Security.

Expertise plays an ever increasing role in contemporary society. In the area of security, the role of experts has only recently begun to develop in France in contrast to Anglo-Saxon countries. The Higher Institute of Internal Security, created in 1989, has an important role in this respect. The functions and importance of expertise in the area of security have been renewed by the introduction of local security contracts. Experts, whether working independently or in small groups, play an accompanying role in the process of putting into operation and watching over the execution of these contracts which have to adapt to the particular needs of each area. Larger firms have still not yet begun to take part in this process.
La police et les alternances politiques
Authors: Renaudie Olivier
Published: January 2024

The Police and Political Alternations.

The effect of shifts in political power allows the level of politicisation of key posts to be ascertained by following the career paths of their occupants. The influence of political alternations on the nominations at the head of police authorities varies a lot from one authority to another. Moreover, promotions are more or less swift depending upon the function exercised. It appears that the politicisation of the police, and particularly of authorities, is real, but that it is not uniform, and especially that the political criterion is not the only one used to designate appointments.
Les violences urbaines en France et aux États-Unis : tentatives de réponses
Authors: Body-Gendrot Sophie
Published: January 2024

Urban Violence in France and in the United States of America : Suggested Responses.

From now on it seems that urban public spaces are to be used by marginal groups in order to affirm their challenging of order and their absence of well-being. So-called ‘urban’ problems are constructions aimed at simplifying the reading of complex and antagonistic realities, discourses emanating from destabilised institutions in a period of recomposition of State Systems and reproduced by the media. In France, as in the United States, the politicisation of the theme of security is a visible and unifying phenomenon, even if the forms of disorder are different. The responses adopted by the two countries are distinct but there remains a common preoccupation, which is to respond to the anxieties of the middle classes.
Les expériences canadiennes
Authors: Brodeur Jean-Paul
Published: January 2024

Canadian Experiences : the Peaceful Crisis.

In Canada the administration of security is divided between the central powers and the provinces. In the past ten years or so the federal government has launched several police reforms. The principal axis of the reforms is to privilege prevention over repression, and to promote community policing. But, in practice, these reforms end up by marking a return to a policy of repression.
L’institution préfectorale en Grèce : de la déconcentration à la décentralisation
Authors: Spanou Calliope
Published: January 2024

The Office of Prefect in Greece : from Deconcentration to Decentralisation

The Greek State has a recent Constitution (dating back to the 1820s). In order to allow for territorial unification under one central power, a network of prefects -placed at the head of departments -was introduced, to represent the centre and control the periphery. This System lasted until the 1980s. It was a statute of 1986 which instituted the region as a unit of deconcentrated power within the framework of planning policy ; the region to be headed by a Regional General Secretary (RGS), nominated by the govemment. No form of hierarchy was established between the RGS and the prefect. Moreover, a 1994 statute instituted the prefect, henceforth elected, as the executive power in the departaient which is a decentralised unit. The prefect must now act alongside the SGR -whose attributions have been extended and who exercises a control over the legality of acts of the department -and the mayors of large constituencies (an office created following the launching in 1997 of a programme of compulsory merger of communes).
La formation et l’évolution des missions des personnels pénitentiaires
Authors: Mounaud Patrick
Published: January 2024

Training and Evolution of the Tasks of Penal Officers

Training has found its mark only very progressively within prison administration. Yet, following a number of adaptations, it now exists and is carried out by a single national school. This school is charged with providing professional training founded upon the principle of alternation. The content of the training has also evolved. In fact, while in the past the objective was to provide only elementary training for personnel in the penal service, the aim for the future is to facilitate their acquisition of a calm and confident approach towards their activities. Moreover, the National school for prison administration has begun to undertake research.
Avaliação do gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos orgânicos gerados em supermercados do município de Belém/PA
Authors: Nogueira Ludmila da Rocha , Rito Danielle Santana , Araújo Ana Regina da Rocha
Published: January 2024

O gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos é um tópico amplamente debatido na sociedade do século 21, especialmente quando se trata da sua disposição. Supermercados são produtores não apenas de resíduos sólidos, mas também de resíduos orgânicos, e uma parcela significativa do que é gerado não recebe a destinação apropriada. No entanto, os resíduos orgânicos podem ser reutilizados de várias maneiras para reduzir o impacto ambiental e agregar valor ambiental e econômico aos subprodutos, como sua utilização na compostagem e na produção de biogás. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a gestão dos resíduos orgânicos de supermercados localizados em Belém. Para alcançar esse objetivo, conduziu-se uma pesquisa exploratória qualitativa, utilizando questionários, em seis estabelecimentos supermercadistas da capital paraense. Foram entrevistados funcionários dos departamentos de açougue, hortifrúti e peixaria. Evidenciou-se que os setores de hortifrúti são os principais geradores de resíduos orgânicos, e parte desses resíduos, provenientes desses três setores dos supermercados, é encaminhada para empresas especializadas que os transformam em subprodutos de maior valor, como adubo e ração animal. Portanto, conclui-se que é crucial promover a conscientização ambiental para garantir o descarte adequado dos resíduos e explorar novas abordagens para a reutilização dos resíduos orgânicos.
PPP e a construção do trabalho pedagógico no ensino fundamental - anos iniciais
Authors: Forte Gilvania Silva Lima , Alves Ariadna Silva , Ferreira Jamires Ribeiro
Published: January 2024

O Projeto Político Pedagógico é imprescindível para a organização do trabalho pedagógico. Para Libâneo (2006), cada sociedade precisa cuidar da formação dos indivíduos [...]. Ainda segundo ele, não há sociedade sem prática educativa, nem prática educativa sem sociedade. O presente trabalho visa abordar uma visão acerca do Projeto Político Pedagógico, com ênfase nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental, pois este se constitui como parte de suma importância para a Educação Básica. O presente resumo foi desenvolvido por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica. Para Amaral (2007), a pesquisa bibliográfica é uma etapa fundamental em todo trabalho cientifico que influenciará todas as etapas de pesquisa [...]. As análises foram fundamentadas e realizadas em obras disponibilizadas virtualmente, com um olhar mais amplo acerca da temática. A construção do trabalho pedagógico no ensino fundamental – anos iniciais justifica-se, pois, os docentes sozinhos não garantem uma aprendizagem significativa, precisando assim do apoio do coordenador ou de um profissional gestor especializado na área, para que se garanta uma aprendizagem de efetiva qualidade busca instruções pedagógicas e educacionais. Segundo Demo (2003, p. 7), “a aula que apenas repassa conhecimento, não sai do ponto de partida, porque o deixa como objeto de ensino e instrução”. O educador, principalmente dos anos iniciais, deve ser extremamente preparado não apenas no conteúdo a ser ensinado, mas também deve ser capaz de compreender a individualidade de seus discentes, tendo em seu planejamento a preocupação com a inclusão e, principalmente, com as devidas adaptações às peculiaridades da turma. Libâneo (2007, p.25) afirma que “o processo de ensino-aprendizagem é, fundamentalmente, um trabalho pedagógico no qual se conjugam fatores externos e internos”. Com essa concepção compreende-se o papel do Projeto Político Pedagógico nas instituições de ensino, de realizar um planejamento de acordo com a realidade escolar e com a comunidade em que está inserida.  Espera-se com isso que o tema abordado possa auxiliar de forma eficaz na organização do trabalho pedagógico. Segundo Freire (1996, p. 45) "o que importa, na formação docente não é a repetição mecânica do gesto, este ou aquele, mas a compreensão do valor dos sentimentos, das emoções, do desejo, da insegurança a ser superado pela segurança do modo que, ao ser educado, vai gerando a coragem". Conclui-se que assim consiga fazer com que toda a comunidade escolar possa desenvolver um bom trabalho e que as práticas educativas andem sempre em conjunto com a sociedade.
Estratégia policial no contexto da segurança pública
Authors: Vieira George Peterson Azevedo , Da Rocha Vagner Fabio
Published: January 2024

O estudo “Estratégia policial no contexto da Segurança Pública” teve como objetivo elucidar oque é a Segurança Pública e as suas atribuições para oportunizar o bem-estar da sociedade, bem como, as atribuições da polícia em trabalho conjunto da Segurança Pública combinado a organização polícia. Compreendeu-se que a segurança pública possui uma estrutura reveladora e age em sintonia com as Polícias Civil, Militar e Federal em seus departamentos, porém é dever de todo cidadão ter a responsabilidade em preservar a sociedade em que vive, já que estes profissionais sozinhos não conseguem oferecer e manter a paz social. Acredita-se que a criação de políticas públicas coletivas entre as esferas: federal, estaduais e municipais direcionadas aos infantes, jovens e adolescentes com o objetivo de criar medidas preventivas de ações ilícitas que prejudicam os seus futuros, são de suma importância para uma sociedade pública segura. Esta pesquisa foi realizada por meio de revisão da literatura, com a justificativa de buscar conhecimento com base no que fundamentam os autores pesquisados. A pesquisa encontra-se subdividida nos seguintes tópicos: Segurança Pública, A Segurança Pública e o Policiamento, Secretaria de Segurança Pública: Coordenadoria de Análise e Planejamento Estratégico (CAPE), Departamento de Inteligência e por último tece considerações finais acerca dessa temática que oportunizou o entendimento de que a segurança pública e a polícia tem sua importância no dia a dia das pessoas.
Investigating the Influence of Indecision on Customer’s Decision Satisfaction
Authors: Huang Hui-Hsin
Published: January 2024

Indecision behavior usually appears in daily life, especially on purchase occasions. This trait in the decision process will influence customers' decision satisfaction. This research proposes a Bayesian model to portray the phenomena of indecision and decision satisfaction. The decision satisfaction is a random variable with the prior density in which the parameter given in the density function is demonstrated as indecision. The empirical data of Google Analytics is used to measure indecision behavior and model calibration. Finally, the conclusion is shown to make an application in actual consumer behavior research. This research can help managers control the tendency of indecision to achieve higher decision satisfaction. In advance, the impact factors of indecision can be investigated to design more incentive and attractive platforms to accelerate the payment process
IMPLEMENTATION OF OPEN SELECTION POLICY FOR HIGH LEADERSHIP POSITIONS ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF HUMAN RESOURCES IN KLATEN REGENCY GOVERNMENT
Authors: Mulyani Sri , Istiatin Istiatin , Sudarwati Sudarwati
Published: January 2024

This study collects data through observation, documentation, interviews, questionnaires, and case studies to examine the effects of leadership, communication skills, competence, and motivation. There were 1,084 workers surveyed from across 13 different offices and departments in the Klaten district. Purposive sampling is a technique used by academics. A total of 130 employees from various government offices in the Klaten regency will serve as the study's sample population (8 percent of the total population). Researchers will select 10 respondents from each office, agency, and department in the region. In this study, we used SPSS version 24 to conduct a multiple regression analysis. Research and analysis yielded variables measuring professionalism, integrity, productivity, and expertise in all areas of the Klaten provincial government's organizational structure for effective management. value of adjusted R square (R2) equal to 0.644%. Determination or contribution of variables such as professionalism, integrity, competence, and performance on the job to organizational effectiveness in the Klaten regency's administrative arm, the Organisasi Perangkat Daerah (OPD). The total increase in other variables, such as work ethic, workplace discipline, education, and so on, is just 35.6%.
A rare case of hydatid cyst in the chordae tendineae of papillary muscle of the right ventricle
Authors: Hekmat Manouchehr , Ghaderi Hamid , Ansari Aval Zahra , Mirjafari Seyedeh Adeleh , Tirdad Roshanak
Published: January 2024

Hydatid cyst inside the cardiac chambers, especially the right ventricle, is a rare manifestation of the Echinococcus granulosus infection. We present a rare case of a mobile hydatid cyst on the chordae tendineae of the right ventricular papillary muscle. An 11-year-old male patient presented with multiple cysts in the body (numerous ones in the lung and liver) who had undergone left lung lobectomy due to a hydatid cyst prone to rupture. In the subsequent echocardiography, a fully mobile cyst measuring 2×1.5 cm was noticed in the right ventricle. Although the child had no cardiac presentation, due to the risk posed by its location and the high probability of sudden death or embolism, he underwent a successful cardiac and pulmonary bypass operation, and the cyst was completely excised. It was located on the chordae tendineae of the papillary muscle. In agricultural and rural countries and regions, cardiac hydatid cysts should be considered at any age. Due to the high risk of complications and mortality in cardiac hydatid cysts, regardless of the symptoms, inpatients with a positive history, cardiac examination with echocardiography must be included in diagnostic protocols. These cysts should be surgically removed as soon as possible on diagnosis, regardless of the symptoms.
Parathyroid disease; a bridge between nephrologist and endocrinologist
Authors: Esmaeil Pour Mohammad Ali , Kaviani Parisa , Khayyat Azadeh
Published: January 2024

Nephrologists and endocrinologists work closely together in the diagnosis, treatment planning, and management of complications, surgical intervention, and also long-term management of parathyroid diseases. Their collaboration ensures holistic care for patients, addressing both the endocrine and nephrological aspects of the condition.
Astaxanthin supplementation as a potential anti-fibrotic agent in peritoneal dialysis rats
Authors: Dewi Ratih Tri Kusuma , Purwanto Bambang , Wasita Brian , Widyaningsih Vitri , Cilmiaty Risya , Soetrisno Soetrisno , Febrinasari Ratih Puspita , Wardana Mahatma Chakra , Giani Maia Thalia , Putri Indah Saigitaisna
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a recommended treatment for chronic kidney disease (CKD). Continuous exposure to dialysate solution in PD leads to peritoneal fibrosis, which is characterized by changes in morphology and function of the peritoneal membrane. Astaxanthin is considered to have potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which has a promising anti-fibrosis effect and suppresses peritoneal thickness in peritoneal fibrosis. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the impact of astaxanthin supplementation on histological features among PD model rats, which determined astaxanthin as a potential anti-fibrotic agent for PD. Materials and Methods: This study used a laboratory experimental study with a posttest-only control group design. Thirty-two male rats were divided randomly into four groups. There are two control groups and two treatment groups. Negative (NC), given intraperitoneal (IP) injection of sterilized aquadest, positive control (PC), given dialysate 4.25% injection IP. Treatment group 1 (T1) was given dialysate 4.25% injection IP and astaxanthin 0.216 mg supplementation for 14 days, and treatment group 2 (T2) was given dialysate 4.25% IP and astaxanthin 0.216 mg supplementation for 21 days. The peritoneum tissues were then collected and prepared for histological examination. Results: Astaxanthin supplementation prevents peritoneal fibrosis development in CKD model rats (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the mean fibrosis thickness based on astaxanthin duration (P>0.05). Conclusion: Astaxanthin could reduce fibrotic thickness in PD model rats. This study was relevant to conclude that astaxanthin has a potential antifibrotic agent for PD.
Renal manifestations of metformin-associated lactic acidosis; new findings
Authors: Tajdini Parisa , Foroutan Majid
Published: January 2024

Risk factors for metformin-associated lactic acidosis (MALA) include impaired renal function, liver disease, heart failure, sepsis, and alcohol abuse. Patients with these risk factors should be closely monitored while on metformin therapy, and the dose should be adjusted accordingly. It is also important to screen patients for these risk factors before starting metformin therapy. In addition, patients should be educated on the symptoms of lactic acidosis, such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and muscle weakness, and advised to seek medical attention immediately if they experience any of these symptoms. Overall, early recognition and appropriate management of MALA can improve patient outcomes and prevent mortality.
Evaluation of the effect of montelukast drug in improving the clinical condition of patients with COVID-19 in referral hospitals in Isfahan; a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Pourahmad Morteza , Aria Amir , Momenzadeh Mahnaz , Nikoukar Fatemeh , Ataei Behrooz , Khorvash Farzin , Shams Manizhe , Shahzamani Kiana , Nasirharandi Sara
Published: January 2024

Introduction: COVID-19 is associated with a cascade of inflammatory responses potentially lead to devastating outcomes. Objectives: The current study aims to investigate the efficacy of montelukast, a leukotriene receptor antagonist (LTRA), on laboratory parameters in COVID-19 infection. Patients and Methods: The current randomized clinical trial (RCT) conducted on 67 patients with moderate-to-severe COVID-19 pneumonia in 2020-2021. All patients received treatments according to the national guidelines, while the case group additionally applied 10 mg montelukast for 14 days. The clinical disease improvement and laboratory data (complete blood cells count and differentiation, C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), D-dimer, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were assessed within two weeks after the infection and compared between the groups. Results: Baseline assessed parameters did not differ between the groups (P>0.05). A significant decrease in pulse rate, also in normal ranges, was notified in the montelukast-treated group compared with the baseline (P=0.001) and with controls (P=0.033); however, other vital signs were not statistically different (P>0.05). CRP (P<0.001), ESR (P=0.008), BUN (P=0.015), and AST (P<0.001) significantly decreased in the post-intervention assessment of the montelukast-treated group. The comparison of the groups in post-intervention reviews revealed significantly lower CRP (P=0.042) and D-dimer (P=0.008) in the intervention group versus controls. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, montelukast use with a daily dose of 10 mg for 14 days could remarkably decrease inflammatory indices in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Further studies on this issue are strongly recommended. Trial Registration: The trial protocol was approved by the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (identifier: IRCT20181208041886N3, https://www.irct.ir/trial/51633; ethical code #IR.MUI.MED. REC.1399.382).
Criminal Responsibility and Prevention of Crime as the Rationale of Sentencing
Authors:   The Korean Association of Criminal Procedure Law, Kim Han-Kyun
Published: January 2024

This essay aims to review the rationale of sentencing in Korean criminal laws and procedures to understand how to secure rational sentencing with the rationales of sentencing, such as responsibility of offenders and general deterrence or specific deterrence. Shuldprinzip or principle of responsibility is the fundamental basis of criminal punishment, which also acknowledged as constitutional principle for criminal laws. However, Korean Penal Code has no definite provisions on the purpose(s) of punishment or sentencing.
Considering such statutory definition of the rationale is necessary for rationalizing sentencing discretion, Article 51 of the Penal Code is the only relevant provision on some ‘general principles’ of sentencing : In determining punishment, the following shall be taken into consideration: 1. The age, character and conduct, intelligence and environment of the offender; 2. Offender's relation to the victim; 3. The motive for the commission of the crime, the means and the result; 4. Circumstances after the commission of the crime.
Also, Korean sentencing guideline system under the Court Organization Act has set some principles of setting or changing the sentencing criteria: 1. The nature of crimes, the circumstances of crimes, and the extent of the responsibilities of defendants shall be reflected; 2. The general deterrence, the prevention of defendants from committing crimes again and their return to society shall be taken consideration; 3. As long as there is no difference between the same kind of crimes and the similar kind of crimes in the sentencing elements that have to be taken into account, they shall not be differently handled in the sentencing of them; 4. The sentencing shall not be discriminated against defendants on the grounds of their nationalities, religions, conscience, social statuses, etc. (Article 81-6(2)) Now the sentencing guideline system is taking the role of rationalizing sentencing discretion by both reflecting responsibilities of defendants and considering the general deterrence of crimes or the prevention of defendants from re-offending and their rehabilitation, and further realizing the purposed of just punishment. According to the law, when setting and changing the sentencing guidelines, the guidelines should reflect the degree of responsibility of the defendant, and consider the general prevention of crime and the prevention of recidivism and social rehabilitation of the defendant. So for the rationalization of sentencing, it should be possible to make sentencing-policy judgments on responsibility and prevention considerations through the principles of responsibility and prevention considerations rather than unclear normative adjustments of sentencing guidelines.
El artículo 565-A del CPC: estudio jurisprudencial constitucional del derecho de acceso a la justicia del acreedor alimentario
Authors: Palacios Baltazar Nataly M.
Published: January 2024

Los procesos de alimentos y sus versatilidades (exoneración, reducción, prorrateo y variación) son uno de los problemas litigiosos de alta demanda en los distritos judiciales de nuestro país, tanto es así que actualmente existen juzgados de paz letrado especializados que resuelven litigios solo de esa área. A ello se debe agregar que los procesos judiciales referidos constituyen una de las materias más sensibles dentro del derecho de familia; pues a través de estos se intenta otorgar tutela jurisdiccional efectiva a niños, niñas, adolescentes y demás población vulnerable (discapacitados, ancianos y otros). En este marco, hemos querido estudiar el artículo 565-A del Código Procesal Civil, que a la fecha viene generando pronunciamientos jurisdiccionales contradictorios en su aplicación; de ese modo, por ejemplo, se observa que algunos órganos jurisdiccionales aplican en forma literal el requisito exigido por el artículo en cuestión y declaran improcedente la demanda, lo que incluso es confirmado en segunda instancia; mientras que en otros órganos jurisdiccionales se inaplica al caso concreto —vía control difuso— y se elevan los actuados a la Corte Suprema de Justicia de la República para la consulta respectiva. En ese contexto, se busca realizar un análisis jurisprudencial constitucional de los derechos involucrados, esto es, del lado del obligado alimentario y del lado del alimentista, para que haciendo uso del test de proporcionalidad se pueda llegar a determinar si el derecho de acceso a la justicia del acreedor alimentario se lesiona con la aplicación del artículo ya mencionado.

Al terminar la investigación, se ha arribado a la conclusión de que el artículo 565-A del CPC no vulnera el derecho de acceso a la justicia del acreedor alimentario; por el contrario, optimiza el derecho a la efectividad de las resoluciones judiciales de niños, niñas y adolescentes alimentistas.
Editorial
Authors: Barreto Luis Maximiliano , Barolin Ezequiel Fabricio
Published: January 2024

Editorial del No. 1 Enero-Junio 2016
¿Buen desarrollo y mal vivir?
Authors: Mercado Mott Macarena , Macias Mayco Alejandro
Published: January 2024

El presente trabajo pretende analizar aspectos del modelo económico y político de los países que han transitado por reformas constitucionales en las que se han incorporado principios indígenas basados, principalmente, en cosmovisiones antagónicas a las que caracterizan al Estado, la economía y la integración que se han desarrollado en América Latina. Se estudiará a Bolivia y a Ecuador por sus procesos constitucionales de 2009 y 2008, por sus economías basadas en la extracción de recursos naturales y por su participación en el espacio de integración denominado UNASUR.
Presencia militar estadounidense en países de América Latina durante la última década (2003-2013)
Authors: Marchesini Romina
Published: January 2024

Se realiza un análisis general de la influencia de EEUU en América Latina y se pretende demostrar que los intereses estadounidenses en el continente han estado claramente definidos desde el comienzo de las relaciones con América Latina, guiados por medio de objetivos persistentes en la búsqueda de un control permanente. Se estudia el espacio de América Latina y se lo indaga como la zona que encierra una enorme significación económica para Estados Unidos.

Y así sucesivamente se desarrolla  la estrategia estadounidense de seguridad en relación con América Latina.  Por consiguiente se explica el final de una importante ruta hacia Sudamérica, como lo significaba para EEUU, el Canal de Panamá. Luego se despliega la nueva arquitectura militar (la cantidad de bases militares) que tiene hoy en día  EEUU, especificando las bases militares  estadounidenses que han sido desmanteladas y las que actualmente se hallan instaladas en Sudamérica.

En términos de los recursos naturales, el territorio sudamericano se perfila como una de las regiones de mayor importancia estratégica. Seguidamente se intenta analizar las razones de la presencia militar estadounidense en países de Sudamérica, para esto se estudian específicamente  los recursos estratégicos como el litio, el  agua y la biodiversidad que en esta región hay en abundancia, relacionándolos con la instalación de  las bases militares o FOL.
gobierno mexicano y los grupos de autodefensa en Michoacán:
Authors: Reyes Silva Carlos Manuel , Martínez Carreón Yasmín
Published: January 2024

El presente artículo tiene por objetivo analizar los movimientos de securitización en torno al crimen organizado, sobre todo cuando hay dos actores que lo gestionan simultáneamente; debido a ello, se ha decidido partir del caso mexicano, particularmente en el contexto de la zona de Michoacán, donde los grupos de autodefensa competían –pero al mismo tiempo colaboraban– con el gobierno federal. Ante tal finalidad, el estudio de este proceso se enmarca dentro de un enfoque de securitización que permita contrastar los discursos de ambos actores a través de la instrumentalización de cinco variables: el contexto, los actores securitizadores, el objeto referente, la amenaza, así como la respuesta hacia la misma. Al finalizar, las diferencias entre las concepciones y estrategias de ambos serán útiles para entender las distintas respuestas de la audiencia, la lucha entre imaginarios sociales sobre el crimen organizado y el emprendimiento de determinadas acciones por parte del gobierno federal.
ciudades en el Derecho Internacional.
Authors: Castello Vanesa Inés
Published: January 2024

La incidencia en las agendas globales es una de las cuestiones más importantes en la acción internacional de las ciudades. Pero debido a que el Derecho Internacional no reconoce a estos entes subjetividad jurídica internacional, el movimiento internacional municipal recurrirá a Naciones Unidas como punto de encuentro y plataforma para la acción política a los fines de establecer el marco normativo internacional que les permita intervenir en aspectos no limitados a la esfera de sus competencias legalmente reconocidas. De esta manera, las ciudades se propondrán dos objetivos en torno a su relación dos objetivos en torno a su relación con Naciones Unidas: articulación política y mayor presencia institucional en el seno de la Organización. Al mismo tiempo, ambas cuestiones estarán entrelazadas a los fines de obtener un marco normativo regulatorio respecto a su actividad externa.
Procesos de democratización universitarios:
Authors: Berrios Silva Camila , Pierotti María Antonella
Published: January 2024

El objetivo del presente artículo es aplicar la metodología comparada al análisis de los procesos de democratización interna y externa de la Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR) y de la Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH). Teniendo en cuenta que ambas instituciones pertenecen a países latinoamericanos vecinos, Argentina y Chile, cuyas historias políticas encuentran importantes diferencias el desafío que nos propusimos como egresadas de ambas casas de estudios fue crear indicadores que nos permitieran comparar sus procesos de democratización y que nos sirvieran para ir más allá del análisis de nuestras realidades como casos únicos.

El esfuerzo está puesto en operacionalizar los conceptos de democratización interna y externa a través de la creación de variables e indicadores y someterlos a control en el escenario comprendido, en el caso de la UNR, por la reforma del Estatuto de la Universidad en el año 1998 y el año 2015, y en el caso de la USACH por los años 2008 y 2015.

En este sentido se hablará de la conformación de las estructuras de toma de decisión de la institución y de las características de la población universitaria. Se considerará que su mayor democratización estará, en el primer caso, en garantizarle a todos los estamentos la capacidad de voz y voto, y en el segundo, que su composición poblacional sea lo más parecida posible a la global de cada país.
Resolución de conflictos en la teoría de las relaciones internacionales.
Authors: Orso Javier Alejandro
Published: January 2024

La finalidad de este artículo es presentar algunos supuestos teóricos en los debates actuales que se realizan en la disciplina de las Relaciones Internacionales, concernientes a la paz mundial y los estudios para la resolución de controversias y conflictos internacionales. El punto de partida será una aproximación a la evolución histórica, los antecedentes, orígenes y precursores sobre la práctica y los estudios de la resolución de conflictos. Luego, se describirán las tendencias actuales en el sistema internacional que dan sustento empírico a los estudios y debates sobre este campo de estudio. Finalmente, el autor se abocará a los debates contemporáneos de la temática en cuestión, y se intentará realizar una vinculación teórica entre el constructivismo en las Relaciones internacionales y la resolución de conflictos.
SUPPO, Hugo Rogelio (Comp.) (2017) TeleSUR: ¿poder blando contrahegemónico?
Authors: Giaccaglia Clarisa
Published: January 2024

Este libro surge como resultado de un proyecto de investigación binacional, fruto de la relación académica establecida entre la Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ) y la Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR). Fue financiado por la Secretaría de Políticas Universitarias (SPU) dependiente del Ministerio de Educación de la República Argentina y compilado por el Profesor Hugo Rogelio Suppo quien, por su trayectoria de vida, puede ser considerado un investigador tanto argentino como brasileño. La edición cuenta con capítulos en castellano y en portugués.
Raça e racismo no Brasil –
Authors: Santos Richard
Published: January 2024

O trabalho analisa a perspectiva de raça e racismo no Brasil, como se formam os campos e visões sobre o tema, e recorre à literatura histórico sociológica sobre o processo que se debruça nas relações raciais transnacionais entre o Sul e o Norte global, associando distintas épocas e movimentações humanas para que seja possível compreender minimamente, de forma crítica, como o tema é apresentado e interpretado na sociedade brasileira contemporânea.
APONTAMENTOS DE INTRODUÇÃO SOBRE O PROBLEMA DA FILOSOFIA DA LINGUAGEM
Authors: Zuben Aluísio Miranda Von
Published: January 2024

Este artigo tem como objetivo apontar alguns problemas lógicos ilustrativos das dificuldades que a linguagem pode acarretar, quando aplicada a propósitos científicos, para justificar o surgimento da filosofia da linguagem. Os comentários aqui realizados, porém, se restringem à tradição da lógica clássica, destacando as contribuições de Aristóteles, Leibniz e Frege. Mas busca-se mostrar também que, posteriormente, houve uma grande elevação da complexidade das questões envolvidas, dado o aprofundamento do vínculo da lógica com a matemática.