bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Solid‐state Fluorescence from Carbon Dots Widely Tunable from Blue to Deep Red through Surface Ligand Modulation
Authors: Ai Lin , Song Ziqi , Nie Mingjun , Yu Jingkun , Liu Fukang , Song Haoqiang , Zhang Biao , Waterhouse Geoffrey I. N. , Lu Siyu
Published: December 2022

Carbon dots (CDs) find widespread attention due to their remarkable fluorescent and electronic properties. However, aggregation‐caused quenching currently limits the application of CDs in colored displays. The construction of CDs with color‐tunable solid‐state fluorescence (SSF) is rarely reported, since the preparation of SSF CDs is technically challenging. Herein, through surface ligand modulation, SSF CDs with an emission‐color span of almost 300 nm (from blue to deep red) were obtained. In‐depth structure‐property studies reveal that intra‐ and inter‐molecular hydrogen‐bonding inside SSF CDs provokes the emission properties in the aggregated state. Photodynamic characterizations demonstrate emission wavelengths can be switched smoothly by deliberately altering conjugation ability between substituent ligands and CDs core. Three‐dimensional printing patterning is used to create a range of emissive objects, demonstrating the commercial potential for use in optical lamps.
Site‐Selective Acylation of Pyranosides with Immobilized Oligopeptide Catalysts in Flow
Authors: Seitz Alexander , Wende Raffael C. , Schreiner Peter R.
Published: December 2022

We report the site‐selective acetylation of partially protected monosaccharides using immobilized oligopeptide catalysts, which are readily accessible via solid‐phase peptide synthesis. The catalysts are able to invert the intrinsic selectivity, which was determined using N‐methylimidazole, for a variety of pyranosides. We demonstrate that the catalysts are stable for multiple reaction cycles and can be easily reused after separation from the reaction solution. The catalysts can also be used in flow without loss of reactivity and selectivity.
Near Infrared Light‐to‐Heat Conversion for Liquid‐Phase Oxidation Reactions by Antimony‐Doped Tin Oxide Nanocrystals
Authors: Tada Hiroaki , Naya Shin‐ichi , Sugime Hisashi
Published: December 2022

Effective utilization of the sunlight for chemical reactions is pivotal for dealing with the growing energy and environmental issues. So far, much effort has been focused on the development of semiconductor photocatalysts responsive to UV and visible light. However, the near infrared and infrared (NIR‐IR) light occupying ∼50 % of the solar energy has usually been wasted because of the low photon energy insufficient for the band gap excitation. Antimony doping into SnO2 (ATO) induces strong absorption due to the conduction band electrons in the NIR region. The absorbed light energy is eventually converted to heat via the interaction between hot electrons and phonons. This Concept highlights the photothermal effect of ATO nanocrystals (NCs) on liquid‐phase oxidation reactions through the NIR light‐to‐heat conversion. Under NIR illumination even at an intensity of ∼0.5 sun, the reaction field temperature on the catalyst surface is raised 20–30 K above the bulk solution temperature, while the latter is maintained near the ambient temperature. In some reactions, this photothermal local heating engenders the enhancement of not only the catalytic activity and selectivity but also the regeneration of catalytically active sites. Further, the photocatalytic activity of semiconductors can be promoted. Finally, the conclusions and possible subjects in the future are summarized.
Accurate Geometry and Non‐Covalent Interactions in 1‐Phenylethanol and its Monohydrate: A Rotational Study
Authors: Zheng Yang , Chen Junhua , Duan Chunguo , Zhang Xinyue , Xu Xuefang , Gou Qian
Published: December 2022

The pure rotational spectra of 1‐phenylethanol and its monohydrate were measured by using a pulsed jet Fourier transform microwave spectrometer. One conformer of the 1‐phenylethanol monomer with the trans form was observed in the pulsed jet. The experimental values of rotational constants of ten isotopologues, including eight mono‐substituted 13C and one D isotopologues, allow an accurate structure determination of the skeleton of 1‐phenylethanol. For its monohydrate, only one isomer has been observed, of which 1‐phenylethanol adopts the trans form and binds with water through an O−H⋅⋅⋅Ow and an Ow−H⋅⋅⋅π hydrogen bond. Each rotational transition displays a doublet with a relative intensity ratio of 1 : 3, due to a hindered internal rotation of water around its C2 axis. This study provides the information on accurate geometry of 1‐phenylethanol (PE) and large amplitude motion of water in the PE monohydrate.
DAB2IP attenuates chemoresistance of triple‐negative breast cancer through sequestration of RAC1 to prevent β‐catenin nuclear accumulation
Authors: Xiong Zhenchong , Yang Lin , Li Ning , Fu Jianchang , Liu Peng , Sun Peng , Wei Weidong , Xie Xiaoming
Published: December 2022

Background

Although chemotherapy, the most widely used systemic treatment in triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC), markedly improved the patients’ outcome, chemoresistance always occurs. This study purposed to explore new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of chemoresistance.

Methods and results

The expression and prognostic value of DAB2IP were investigated in TNBC tissues and cell lines. Low DAB2IP expression predicted high mortality risk in TNBC. Inhibition of DAB2IP expression conferred cancer stem cell capacity and chemoresistance in TNBC cell lines. Using murine breast cancer (BC) xenograft models, we evaluated the association with DAB2IP and chemoresistance. DAB2IP inhibited TNBC tumourigenesis and chemoresistance in vivo. Further, we revealed that DAB2IP inhibited β‐catenin nuclear transport through competitive interaction with RAC1 and decreased β‐catenin accumulation in the cell nucleus. Finally, we found that the DNA methylation level was negatively associated with DAB2IP expression in TNBC. Inhibition of DNA methylation restored the DAB2IP expression and attenuated chemoresistance in TNBC.

Conclusions

We revealed that DAB2IP attenuates chemoresistance of TNBC via inhibition of RAC1‐mediated β‐catenin nuclear accumulation. Decitabine treatment results in re‐expression of DAB2IP by inhibiting DNA methylation and could be a potential therapeutic strategy for chemoresistance in TNBC.
Design of single and two phase modeled nanofluid CPU cooler and their numerical analysis
Authors: Yapıcı Özdiler Ezgi , Yurddaş Ali
Published: December 2022

The heating problems in electronic devices have become even more significant with the development of technology and the rapid increase in areas of use. In cases where passive cooling and active cooling processes are not sufficient to improve overheating in electronic devices, high temperature generation is prevented by liquid cooling if convenient. The effect of nanofluid use on heat transfer to improve the thermal performance of liquid cooling systems was examined with computational fluid dynamics from numerical methods in this research. For different cooler designs, both single‐phase and multiphase modeling methods were utilized in fluid modeling in the research involving forced convection and heat transfer in laminar and turbulent flow. The mathematical models utilized were validated on different experimental and numerical researches. The single‐phase modeling was conducted for pure H2O, 1% Al2O3, 5% Al2O3 nanofluids at different Reynolds numbers. The analyzes were conducted at different Reynolds values and the increase in Reynolds value decreases the maximum temperature value at the output. In the multiphase modeling method, the nanofluid Al2O3 is defined and modelled as a separate phase suspended in different sizes into the base fluid H2O. The use of nanofluid increased the thermal conductivity in both methods compared to the use of pure H2O. At the same time, the use of nanofluids at 5% concentration gave better results than 1% concentration. As the temperature distributions are examined, the Mixture model, one of the single‐phase and multiphase modeling methods, presents very similar distributions. The effect of nanofluids on thermal performance varies depending on many parameters. A significant one is the size of the suspended nanoparticle. Different particle sizes, 20, 30, and 40 nm, were investigated in both Mixture and Eulerian modeling approaches in this research. Two different design coolers were utilized in the researches. In these designs, the flow is distributed in parallel and serpentine. The flow distribution and pressure drop also had an effect on thermal performance. The temperatures were read lower in the serpentine block, which provides a more regular flow distribution.
Treatment of vegetable oil industry wastewater and bioelectricity generation using microbial fuel cell via modification and surface area expansion of electrodes
Authors: Yaghmaeian Kamyar , Rajabizadeh Ahmad , Jaberi Ansari Farshid , Puig Sebastià , Sajjadipoya Roohallah , Baghani Abbas Norouzian , Khanjani Narges , Mansoorian Hossein Jafari
Published: December 2022

BACKGROUND

This study evaluates the treatment of vegetable oil industry wastewater using dual‐chamber microbial fuel cells (MFCs) via modification and surface area expansion of cost‐effective electrodes. The modified electrodes were applied as both the anode and cathode to investigate their treatment capacity and electrochemical performance. Carbon paper anodes were modified using TiO2‐HX@MWCNT‐COOH‐Al2O3 composite. Activated carbon powders originating from Bambuseae were used as the low‐cost catalyst for the carbon felt cathode. The synthesized catalysts were characterized by Field‐Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE‐SEM), Energy Dispersive X‐ray Spectroscopy (EDX), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) techniques. The electrochemical properties of the MFCs were investigated by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS).

RESULTS

The highest average removal efficiencies of COD (chemical oxygen demand), BOD5 (5‐day biochemical oxygen demand), NH4+ (ammonium), NH3− (nitrate), TSS (total suspended solids), and VSS (volatile suspended solids) were 94 ± 3% (33 kgCODrem/m3.d), 89 ± 1% (12 kgBODrem/m3.d), 87 ± 1% (0.24 kgNH4+‐Nrem/m3.d), 74 ± 3% (0.05 kgNO3−‐N/m3.d), 79 ± 2% (1 kgCODrem/m3.d), and 65 ± 3% (0.73 kgCODrem/m3.d), respectively. The highest average power density of 30 ± 5 W/m3 was obtained when treating vegetable oil industry wastewater. The highest average coulombic efficiency (CE) of 85 ± 3% and energy efficiency (EE) of 35 ± 2% were achieved. The EIS results showed that the high conductivity and large unique surface area significantly enhanced the charge transfer efficiency on the electrode surface.

CONCLUSION

The results indicated that the TiO2‐HX@MWCNT‐COOH‐Al2O3 composite can be used to reinforce the performance of MFCs. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
‘The Machine Takes Our Jobs Away’: The problem of technological unemployment in the work of Chicago sociologist William F. Ogburn
Authors: Kim Emy , Solovey Mark
Published: December 2022

This paper examines the Chicago sociologist William F. Ogburn's (1886–1959) views about technological unemployment, which were intimately connected to his analysis of the social impacts of technological developments and resulting social problems due to cultural lag. We trace the development of his views as seen through his well‐known 1922 book, Social Change with Respect to Culture and Original Nature, his important contributions to the President's Research Committee on Social Trends (1933), and his lesser‐known pamphlets designed for a broader audience—Living with Machines (1933), You and Machines (1934), and Machines and Tomorrow's World (1938). He used these pamphlets to educate the public about the dangers of new machines and technological unemployment. In doing so, he drew upon sociological analysis in his professional scholarly writings and his long‐standing personal interests in social betterment and social reform. Our analysis also calls into question the adequacy of existing scholarship on Ogburn that has emphasized his commitment to a statistical, dispassionate, and “objectivist” approach to social science research. We call for a revised, richer, and more complex view of Ogburn's work and legacy as one of the nation's leading social scientists during the first half of the 20th century.
Morphological and histochemical characterization of the pectoral fin muscle of batoids
Authors: Gabler‐Smith Molly K. , Coughlin David J. , Fish Frank E.
Published: December 2022

Batoids differ from other elasmobranch fishes in that they possess dorsoventrally flattened bodies with enlarged muscled pectoral fins. Most batoids also swim using either of two modes of locomotion: undulation or oscillation of the pectoral fins. In other elasmobranchs (e.g., sharks), the main locomotory muscle is located in the axial myotome; in contrast, the main locomotory muscle in batoids is found in the enlarged pectoral fins. The pectoral fin muscles of sharks have a simple structure, confined to the base of the fin; however, little to no data are available on the more complex musculature within the pectoral fins of batoids. Understanding the types of fibers and their arrangement within the pectoral fins may elucidate how batoid fishes are able to utilize such unique swimming modes. In the present study, histochemical methods including succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and immunofluoresence were used to determine the different fiber types comprising these muscles in three batoid species: Atlantic stingray (Dasyatis sabina), ocellate river stingray (Potamotrygon motoro) and cownose ray (Rhinoptera bonasus). All three species had muscles comprised of two muscle fiber types (slow‐red and fast‐white). The undulatory species, D. sabina and P. motoro, had a larger proportion of fast‐white muscle fibers compared to the oscillatory species, R. bonasus. The muscle fiber sizes were similar between each species, though generally smaller compared to the axial musculature in other elasmobranch fishes. These results suggest that batoid locomotion can be distinguished using muscle fiber type proportions. Undulatory species are more benthic with fast‐white fibers allowing them to contract their muscles quickly, as a possible means of escape from potential predators. Oscillatory species are pelagic and are known to migrate long distances with muscles using slow‐red fibers to aid in sustained swimming.
Implementing voluntary assisted dying laws in healthcare: Exploring beliefs to identify implementation hurdles
Authors: Hewitt Jayne , Lawson Charles , Verrall Brodie , Grealish Laurie
Published: December 2022

The number of countries introducing voluntary assisted dying (VAD) laws is increasing. Actively taking steps to end a person's life is contentious so implementing these laws into healthcare services presents unique challenges. Theoretically underpinned by the Advocacy Coalition Framework, this study identified the beliefs of classes of stakeholders who engaged with the parliamentary process associated with the introduction of VAD laws in Queensland, Australia. Submissions about VAD made to a parliamentary inquiry were allocated to a class and qualitatively analysed to identify underlying beliefs. The data were then subjected to statistical analysis including nonmetric dimensional scaling and one‐way analysis of similarity. Data visualisation techniques were used to generate a chord map and heatmap, to identify the belief types, as well as similarities and differences between beliefs and among classes. Fourteen different beliefs were identified in the 91 reviewed submissions. Six were deep core beliefs and eight were policy core beliefs. Beliefs could be associated with a positive or negative sentiment toward VAD. In this study, the class of Health Services expressed more negative sentiments to VAD than neutral or positive sentiments. The sentiments expressed by the class of Health Professionals were equally divided between positive, neutral and negative. These findings provide important insights for implementors as laws become operational. In particular, for organisations that provide health services, clear articulation of their stance in relevant policy and guidance documents is recommended.
Bayesian hierarchical modeling on covariance valued data
Authors: Acharyya Satwik , Zhang Zhengwu , Bhattacharya Anirban , Pati Debdeep
Published: December 2022

Analysis of structural and functional connectivity (FC) of human brains is of pivotal importance for diagnosis of cognitive ability. The Human Connectome Project (HCP) provides an excellent source of neural data across different regions of interest (ROIs) of the living human brain. Individual specific data were available in the form of time varying covariance matrices representing the brain activity as the subjects perform a specific task. As a preliminary objective of studying the heterogeneity of brain connectomics across the population, we develop a probabilistic model for a sample of covariance matrices using a scaled Wishart distribution. We stress here that our data units are available in the form of covariance matrices, and we use the Wishart distribution to create our likelihood function rather than its more common usage as a prior on covariance matrices. Based on empirical explorations suggesting the data matrices to have a low effective rank, we further model the center of the Wishart distribution using an orthogonal factor model type decomposition. We encourage shrinkage toward a low rank structure through a novel shrinkage prior and discuss strategies to sample from the posterior distribution using a combination of Gibbs and slice sampling. The efficacy of the approach is explored in various simulation settings and exemplified on several case studies including our motivating HCP data. We extend our modeling framework to a dynamic setting to detect change points.
Coupling Transition Metal Compound with Single‐Atom Site for Water Splitting Electrocatalysis
Authors: Yang Huimin , Cheng Wenjing , Lu Xinhua , Chen Zhenyang , Liu Chao , Tian Lin , Li Zhao
Published: December 2022

Single‐atom site catalysts (SACs) provide an ideal platform to identify the active centers, explore the catalytic mechanism, and establish the structure‐property relationships, and thus have attracted increasing interests for electrocatalytic energy conversion. Substantial endeavors have been devoted to the construction of carbon‐supported SACs, and their progress have been comprehensively reviewed. Compared with carbon‐supported SACs, transition metal compounds (TMCs)‐supported SACs are still in their infancy in the field of electrocatalysis. However, they have also aroused ever‐increasing attention for driving electrocatalytic water splitting, and emerged as an indispensable class of SACs in recent years, predominately owing to their inherently structural features, such as rich anchoring sites, surface defects, and lattice vacancy. Herein, in this review, we have systematically summarized the recent advances of a variety of TMC supported SACs toward electrocatalytic water splitting. The advanced characterization techniques and theoretical analyses for identifying and monitoring the atomic structure of SACs are firstly manifested. Subsequently, the anchoring and stabilization mechanisms for TMC supported SACs are also highlighted. Thereafter, the advances of TMC supported SACs for driving water electrolysis are systematically unraveled.
The Unity of Robustness: Why Agreement Across Model Reports is Just as Valuable as Agreement Among Experiments
Authors: Dethier Corey
Published: December 2022

A number of philosophers of science have argued that there are important differences between robustness in modeling and experimental contexts, and—in particular—many of them have claimed that the former is non-confirmatory. In this paper, I argue for the opposite conclusion: robust hypotheses are confirmed under conditions that do not depend on the differences between and models and experiments—that is, the degree to which the robust hypothesis is confirmed depends on precisely the same factors in both situations. The positive argument turns on the fact that confirmation theory doesn’t recognize a difference between different sources of evidence. Most of the paper is devoted to rebutting various objections designed to show that it should. I end by explaining why philosophers of science have (often) gone wrong on this point.
Canonical tessellations of decorated hyperbolic surfaces
Authors: Lutz Carl O. R.
Published: December 2022

A decoration of a hyperbolic surface of finite type is a choice of circle, horocycle or hypercycle about each cone-point, cusp or flare of the surface, respectively. In this article we show that a decoration induces a unique canonical tessellation and dual decomposition of the underlying surface. They are analogues of the weighted Delaunay tessellation and Voronoi decomposition in the Euclidean plane. We develop a characterisation in terms of the hyperbolic geometric equivalents of Delaunay’s empty-discs and Laguerre’s tangent-distance, also known as power-distance. Furthermore, the relation between the tessellations and convex hulls in Minkowski space is presented, generalising the Epstein–Penner convex hull construction. This relation allows us to extend Weeks’ flip algorithm to the case of decorated finite type hyperbolic surfaces. Finally, we give a simple description of the configuration space of decorations and show that any fixed hyperbolic surface only admits a finite number of combinatorially different canonical tessellations.
On the weakness of short-range interactions in Fermi gases
Authors: Griesemer M. , Hofacker M.
Published: December 2022

Ultracold quantum gases of equal-spin fermions with short-range interactions are often considered free even in the presence of strongly binding spin-up–spin-down pairs. We describe a large class of many-particle Schrödinger operators with short-range pair interactions, where this approximation can be justified rigorously.
Resetting Prices: Estimating the Effect of Tuition Reset Policies on Institutional Finances and Enrollment
Authors: Ward James Dean , Corral Daniel
Published: December 2022

Private nonprofit colleges are increasingly using tuition resets, or a decrease in sticker price by at least 5%, to attract new students and counter declining demand. While discounting tuition with institutional aid is a common practice to get accepted students to matriculate and to increase affordability, a tuition reset is a more transparent approach that moves colleges away from a high aid/high tuition model. The authors find minimal evidence that these policies increase student enrollment in the long run, but that there may be short-term impacts. As expected, institutional aid decreases and varies directly with the size of the sticker price reduction. The average net price students pay decreases, but this effect may be driven by changes in the estimated non-tuition elements of the total cost of attendance. Finally, net tuition revenue appears unrelated to tuition resets. These findings call into question the efficacy of this practice.
The screeching jet, seen from all sides
Authors: Edgington-Mitchell Daniel
Published: December 2022

Shock-containing supersonic jets undergoing resonance processes are challenging from both a measurement and simulation perspective. These jets are host to a broad range of complex fluid phenomena: intense acoustic waves, turbulence, wavepackets and strong shock waves. Strong shocks present a challenge to both the experimental and numerical researcher. In the paper of Léon et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 947, 2022, A36), a novel optical technique based on multi-axis digital holographic interferometry is applied to the study of a highly underexpanded screeching jet, producing density measurements of unprecedented clarity and resolution. Where prior studies have been restricted to extrapolating the three-dimensional field from two-dimensional slices or projections, in this work the authors directly measure the three-dimensional helical structure of the wavepacket associated with jet screech.
Ownership, ontology, and the contemporary dance commons
Authors: Blades Hetty
Published: December 2022

This article considers the “commons” in relationship to contemporary dance in the United Kingdom. I highlight the norms and expectations that shape the sharing of dance in this context by outlining four implicit rules that govern circulation and ownership. I go on to highlight how dance’s circulation outside of legal structures is in part due to its ontology through the examination of choreographer and visual artist Florence Peake’s work RITE (2018) and its relationship to choreographer Vaslav Nijinsky’s Le Sacre du printemps (The Rite of Spring) (1913).
Ownership and transmission in contemporary dance and beyond: A short introduction to the special issue
Authors: Leach James
Published: December 2022

The aim of this special issue is the investigation and contextualization of specific arts practices for what they can show us about the transmission and ownership of knowledge. Our authors make explicit the modes of sharing that are part of the creative process in contemporary dance and in Irish traditional music and examine the principles of transmission and social mores that allow ideas to move between practitioners. This introduction sets out some context for the issue and our approach, which is to work alongside practitioners to understand and reveal the social principles and expectations of ownership that are part of the process of producing these art forms.
Developing Representative Impact Scenarios From Climate Projection Ensembles, With Application to UKCP18 and EURO‐CORDEX Precipitation
Authors: Jewson Stephen , Messori Gabriele , Barbato Giuliana , Mercogliano Paola , Mysiak Jaroslav , Sassi Maximiliano
Published: December 2022

Calculating impacts from climate projection ensembles can be challenging. A simple approach might consider just the ensemble mean, but this ignores much of the information in the ensemble and does not explore the range of possible impacts. A more thorough approach would consider every ensemble member, but may be computationally unfeasible for many impact models. We investigate the compromise in which we represent the ensemble by the mean and a single deviation from the mean. The deviation from the mean would ideally be representative both of variability in the ensemble, and have a significant impact, according to some impact metric. We compare methods for calculating the deviation from the mean, based on traditional compositing and a statistical method known as Directional Component Analysis (DCA). DCA is based on linearizing the impact metric around the ensemble mean. We illustrate the methods with synthetic examples, and derive new mathematical results that clarify the interpretation of DCA. We then use the methods to derive scenarios from the UKCP18 and EURO‐CORDEX projections of future precipitation in Europe. We find that the worst ensemble member is not robust, but that deviations from the ensemble mean calculated using compositing and DCA are robust. They thus give robust insight into the patterns of change in the ensemble. We conclude that mean and representative deviation methods may be suitable for climate projection users who wish to explore the implications of the uncertainty around the ensemble mean without having to calculate the impacts of every ensemble member.
Altered gut microbiome composition by appendectomy contributes to colorectal cancer
Authors: Shi Feiyu , Liu Gaixia , Lin Yufeng , Guo Cosmos liutao , Han Jing , Chu Eagle S. H. , Shi Chengxin , Li Yaguang , Zhang Haowei , Hu Chenhao , Liu Ruihan , He Shuixiang , Guo Gang , Chen Yinnan , Zhang Xiang , Coker Olabisi Oluwabukola , Wong Sunny Hei , Yu Jun , She Junjun
Published: December 2022

Appendectomy impacts the homeostasis of gut microbiome in patients. We aimed to study the role of appendectomy in colorectal cancer (CRC) risk through causing gut microbial dysbiosis. Population-based longitudinal study (cohort 1, n = 129,155) showed a 73.0% increase in CRC risk among appendectomy cases throughout 20 years follow-up (Adjusted sub-distribution hazard ratio (SHR) 1.73, 95% CI 1.49–2.01, P < 0.001). Shotgun metagenomic sequencing was performed on fecal samples from cohort 2 (n = 314). Gut microbial dysbiosis in appendectomy subjects was observed with significant enrichment of 7 CRC-promoting bacteria (Bacteroides vulgatus, Bacteroides fragilis, Veillonella dispar, Prevotella ruminicola, Prevotella fucsa, Prevotella dentalis, Prevotella denticola) and depletion of 5 beneficial commensals (Blautia sp YL58, Enterococcus hirae, Lachnospiraceae bacterium Choco86, Collinsella aerofaciens, Blautia sp SC05B48). Microbial network analysis showed increased correlation strengths among enriched bacteria and their enriched oncogenic pathways in appendectomy subjects compared to controls. Of which, B. fragilis was the centrality in the network of the enriched bacteria. We further confirmed that appendectomy promoted colorectal tumorigenesis in mice by causing gut microbial dysbiosis and impaired intestinal barrier function. Collectively, this study revealed appendectomy-induced microbial dysbiosis characterized by enriched CRC-promoting bacteria and depleted beneficial commensals, signifying that the gut microbiome may play a crucial role in CRC development induced by appendectomy.
Single-cell sortChIC identifies hierarchical chromatin dynamics during hematopoiesis
Authors: Zeller Peter , Yeung Jake , Viñas Gaza Helena , de Barbanson Buys Anton , Bhardwaj Vivek , Florescu Maria , van der Linden Reinier , van Oudenaarden Alexander
Published: December 2022

Post-translational histone modifications modulate chromatin activity to affect gene expression. How chromatin states underlie lineage choice in single cells is relatively unexplored. We develop sort-assisted single-cell chromatin immunocleavage (sortChIC) and map active (H3K4me1 and H3K4me3) and repressive (H3K27me3 and H3K9me3) histone modifications in the mouse bone marrow. During differentiation, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) acquire active chromatin states mediated by cell-type-specifying transcription factors, which are unique for each lineage. By contrast, most alterations in repressive marks during differentiation occur independent of the final cell type. Chromatin trajectory analysis shows that lineage choice at the chromatin level occurs at the progenitor stage. Joint profiling of H3K4me1 and H3K9me3 demonstrates that cell types within the myeloid lineage have distinct active chromatin but share similar myeloid-specific heterochromatin states. This implies a hierarchical regulation of chromatin during hematopoiesis: heterochromatin dynamics distinguish differentiation trajectories and lineages, while euchromatin dynamics reflect cell types within lineages.
Potential negative effects of the installation of video surveillance cameras in raptors’ nests
Authors: López-López Pascual
Published: December 2022

Video surveillance cameras installed on birds’ nests are a cost-effective tool to study many aspects of ecology and behaviour that would otherwise be practically impossible to obtain. However, although most studies report neutral effects of cameras on birds, very few studies analyse in detail the potential negative effects of their use, particularly on raptors. Here, using a long-term database of a population of Bonelli’s eagle (Aquila fasciata) collected from 2000 to 2022, I show how the inappropriate use of video surveillance cameras could result in negative effects on the reproduction of a threatened species through a before-and-after control-impact study design. Pairs under video surveillance showed lower productivity, lower breeding success and unusual delayed laying dates. The installation of cameras close to the laying date, coinciding with the mating phase of individuals, most of them subadult inexperienced birds; in combination to the reiteration of visits to the nests once the cameras were installed to check the system, particularly during the incubation period and early stages of breeding; and the installation of cameras in a particular area subject to constant human disturbance, might explain these results. Potential management actions to mitigate the effect of the installation of video cameras on birds’ behaviour should include the need to plan the intervention dates, testing the systems beforehand under controlled conditions and adequate post-installation monitoring to avoid unnecessary disturbance to animals. Finally, I urge the scientific community to report the potential negative effects observed in their studies, especially if the target species are threatened with extinction.
Ternary nanocomposites of CdS/WO3/g-C3N4 for hydrogen production
Authors: Prabhakar Vattikuti S. V. , Devarayapalli K. C. , Zeng Jie , Shim Jaesool , Nguyen Dang Nam
Published: December 2022

The sustainable rise in global warming and the consumption of fossil fuels considerably contribute to energy and environmental issues.
Anomalous wrinkle propagation in polycrystalline graphene with tilt grain boundaries
Authors: Zhao Zihui , Wang Yafei , Wang Changguo
Published: December 2022

The tilt grain boundaries can be used to absorb energy and shield dynamic wrinkle propagation.
The bandgap of sulfur-doped Ag2O nanoparticles
Authors: De Arup Kumar , Kamal Neha , Kumar Uttam , Jatav Neha , Sinha Indrajit
Published: December 2022

A narrow band gap restricts photocatalytic applications of Ag2O nanoparticles, but appropriate doping can favorably modify this aspect.
Dielectrics and possible ferroelectricity in diol/glycerol covalently grafted kaolinites
Authors: Feng Zhi-Rong , Wang Bao-Bo , Dong Hao , Zhao Shun-Ping , Wu Yu-Ping , Qiao Qiao , Ren Xiao-Ming
Published: December 2022

Three covalently grafted Kaolinites of propanediol/butanediol/glycerol show extra high chemical stability to water, dielectrics and ferroelectricity at room temperature.
Economic evaluation of infrastructures for thermochemical upcycling of post-consumer plastic waste
Authors: Ma Jiaze , Tominac Philip A. , Aguirre-Villegas Horacio A. , Olafasakin Olumide O. , Wright Mark M. , Benson Craig H. , Huber George W. , Zavala Victor M.
Published: December 2022

Thermochemical upcycling of post-consumer plastic waste creates a circular economy that is economically viable and that provides environmental benefits. The value chain associated with this economy makes plastic waste a highly valuable feedstock.
Pump-less, recirculating organ-on-a-chip (rOoC) platform
Authors: Busek Mathias , Aizenshtadt Aleksandra , Koch Timo , Frank Anna , Delon Ludivine , Martinez Mikel Amirola , Golovin Alexey , Dumas Clotilde , Stokowiec Justyna , Gruenzner Stefan , Melum Espen , Krauss Stefan
Published: December 2022

We present a novel pump-less Organ-on-a-Chip (OoC) platform featuring organoid embedding, functional vascular components, and recirculation of (immune) cells in a scalable and robust configuration.
Design, preparation and characterization of Fe3O4@SiO2@ECH@thiocarbazide@Au(i)@chitosan nanoparticles as a catalyst for the synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrano[3,2-c]chromenes
Authors: Karkon Elahe Gholamiyan , Mostafavi Hossein
Published: December 2022

Magnetic iron/silica/linker/gold ions/chitosan nanostructures were synthesized to achieve an efficient and reusable catalyst characterized by a range of methods.
Density functional theory analysis of the adsorption behaviors of H2O and CO2 on the CaCl2(110) surface
Authors: Zhao Yan , Chen Rong , Yue Dong , Wen Liangying , Zhang Shengfu , Yang Zhongqing
Published: December 2022

The adsorption structures, electron distribution, and density of states were calculated to reveal the reaction mechanism of CO2-assisted pyro-hydrolysis of CaCl2.
Quality assurance for the tests to determine explosive parameters of the combustible dust-air mixtures
Authors: Jurca Adrian , Părăian Mihaela , Vătavu Niculina
Published: December 2022

For any type of combustible dust, several important explosive parameters must be taken into account when designing and using protection systems: namely the ease with which dust clouds ignite and their burning rate, maximum explosion pressure, maximum pressure rise speed. of explosion. The accuracy of the results obtained necessary for the design and use of protection systems depends on a number of factors but also on the accuracy of the application of the test method (s) by the personnel involved. Test quality assurance is a requirement of EN ISO / IEC 17025 for the accreditation of testing laboratories. The standard requires laboratories to have a procedure in place to monitor the validity of test results, which involves participation in interlaboratory comparisons. This paper presents some specific issues highlighted during the successful participation of INSEMEX-GLI in several rounds of interlaboratory comparisons for the tests to determine explosive parameters of the combustible dust-air mixtures.
Classification of the Ocnele Mari saline from the point of view of gas emissions (CH4 and CO2)
Authors: Drăgoescu Răzvan , Chiuzan Emeric , Gherghe Ion , Matei Adrian , Cămărășescu Alexandru
Published: December 2022

Currently in Romania there are six salt mines which exploit the salt through underground mine workings: Dej salt mine, Tg. Ocna salt mine, Slanic Prahova salt mine, Ocnele Mari salt mine, Cacica salt mine, and Praid salt mine. The purpose of the present paper work is to establish the methane release (explosive gas) and the carbon dioxide release regime in mine workings from Praid salt mine in order to classification. This verification of the Ocnele Mari salt mine classification has been carried out during September 2021 and there have been taken into account the following elements: - Geological and technical-mining conditions of the salt deposit related to Dej mining perimeter; - Results of the quantitative and qualitative measurements from the underground mine workings regarding: a) Circulated air flows; b) Measured methane and carbon dioxide concentrations; c) Absolute flows registered; d) Accumulation capacity of gas in the deposit; e) Gas concentrations and pressure in the massif. - Existing evidences and documentations regarding the previous gas occurrences and their manner of manifestation; - Establishing the way in which the gas is released into the underground atmosphere of the mine workings. Based on the observations and on the carried out measurements, on the analysis of the studied geological and mining elements, there has been made the classification proposal of the Ocnele Mari salt mine from the point of view of gas emissions (methane and carbon dioxide)
Variation of air condition parameters, in the conditions of the presence of carbon monoxide, in the duct of ventilation installations
Authors: Gherghe Ion , Cioclea Doru , Boantă Cornel , Rădoi Florin
Published: December 2022

Industrial ventilation and air conditioning systems aim to ensure the conditions of air purity and microclimate corresponding to the activity of man and the nature of the technological process. The parameters of the state of the air which are of interest for the technique of ventilation and air conditioning are: air temperature and humidity, atmospheric pressure, and air speed. For the study on the variation of the air state parameters inside the industrial ventilation installations, in the experiment laboratory, on the study of the industrial ventilation systems, the experiment was performed on the variation of the air state parameters in the conditions of circulation through the ventilation duct a quantity of carbon monoxide at constant pressure. Prior to the introduction of carbon monoxide into the piping, the ventilation system was started at nominal parameters. During the experiment, the operating parameters of the drive motor were changed using a frequency converter on levels 50; 40; 30; 20; 10 and 5 Hz. The ventilation system used was structured by means of flow converters which were fixed in the open position. The ventilation system as well as the flow variators were operated by the SCADA type command and control system. The paper will present the analysis of the variation of state parameters (temperature, humidity, absolute pressure, and air speed) by introducing a constant amount of carbon monoxide in the ventilation duct.
Use of the high voltage source in order to verify the insulation systems of electric motors with the type of protection increased safety used in potentially explosive atmosphere
Authors: Fotău Dragoș , Szido Sorin , Tăzlăuoanu Anca-Alexandra
Published: December 2022

Evaluation of explosion-proof protected electrical equipment in scope of certification is extremely important considering the risk of explosion that has to be minimized in order to ensure life safety and health of workers and to prevent damaging of property and the environment, as well as free movement of goods when they meet the essential safety requirements at European level. The standards SR EN 60079-0 (Explosive atmospheres. Part 0: Equipment. General requirements) and one or more of the standards containing the specific requirements for the type(s) of protection applied to equipment (ex. SR EN 60079-7 for the type of protection increased safety “e”), are used to perform the assessment. Due to the fact that electric motors with type of protection Increased Safety, whose supply voltage exceeds 1000 V, presents a high risk of sparks occurring in windings, it is necessary to perform tests to verify that the insulation of the windings is adequate and does not lead to electric discharge (through electric springs or sparks) at winding levels.A very important test by which these aspects are verified is the overvoltage-ignition test, applicable to electric motors with increased safety protection type.
Considerations regarding the main differences between flameproof electric motors, designed for explosion Group IIC, compared to explosion Group IIB, when testing in explosive mixtures
Authors: Magyari Mihai , Rad Marcel Daniel , Fotău Dragoș
Published: December 2022

The flameproof enclosure type of protection is still one of the safest because it is based on a very simple and, therefore, unlikely fallible technology. If an explosive atmosphere penetrates an enclosure producing a trigger, the explosion occurs, but it remains confined within the enclosure. EN 60079-1 standard, states that flanged flame paths are allowed in the presence of gases and vapours of Group IIB, but cannot be used with gases and vapours of Group IIC. Also, flame transmission tests for Group IIB equipment are carried out at atmospheric pressure, whereas for Group IIC equipment they are conducted (depending on the testing method applied) at a higher initial pressure. The purpose of the paper is to perform a thorough study upon the differences between testing of flameproof electric motors of Group IIC, compared to electric motors of Group IIB gases and vapours, in terms of testing conditions required by the standard and how the explosion group influences the maximum explosion pressures and explosion pressure development, when tested in explosive mixtures of gases and vapours. The purpose of this paper is to assist manufacturers in designing flameproof electric motors that satisfy the requirements of the specific standard for either Group IIB or Group IIC applications in order to smooth the path for certification.
Maintenance of on-premise test equipment for high quality tests
Authors: Beldiman Alexandru Marian , Csaszar Tiberiu
Published: December 2022

The use of equipment in areas where flammable substances may be released requires explosion protection for them. Explosion protection must be confirmed in the certification process, which in addition to assessment also requires testing. The tests to which equipment must be subjected to confirm explosion protection are regulated by specific standards, depending on the type of protection adopted. This paper focuses on the issues involved in ensuring the quality of test results for low current equipment. For the quality assurance of test results the required aspects are: proficiency testing, use of certified reference materials, repetition of tests using the same methods, retesting of retained items, correlation of test results for different characteristics of a product and control chart where applicable. Another important aspect is the conditions of use and operating condition of the equipment. Thus, maintenance, periodic inspection and interim checks of laboratory equipment are an essential part of ensuring the quality of results. An important conclusion of the work is that the important aspect for quality assurance of test results is proficiency testing, which confirms not only the suitability of the equipment used but also the conformity of the test procedures.
Study of the possibility of ensuring emergency lighting in installations operating in environments Ex
Authors: Colda Cosmin , Burian Sorin , Marc Gheorghe
Published: December 2022

The use of electrical energy in potentially explosive atmospheres involves various particularities, fact for which there have been raised a lot of issues concerning the design, construction and exploitation of electrical equipment such as the signalling lighting or emergency lighting intended to be used in these atmospheres. Anti-panic lighting is a part of safety lighting which aims to avoid panic and to provide the lighting level which to ensure that people can reach the pathway from which they can identify the evacuation route. The current paper proposes the development of a device for ensuring anti-panic lighting for a limited period of time, which can operate on two wires, may be distance controlled and adaptable for lamps which operate in areas with explosion hazard (Ex areas).
Quality assurance issues for normal grade testing protection provided by equipment housings Ex
Authors: Vătavu Niculina , Vătavu Sorin , Popa Mihai
Published: December 2022

Potentially explosive atmospheres generated by the raw materials used, intermediate / final products or the resulting waste may form in all industries involving flammable / combustible substances. Thecreation of these atmospheres must be treated as a major risk, as the fires or explosions that may occur affect human health and safety as well as the environment. Reducing these risks requires the assessment of the risk of explosion and the establishment of measures to reduce it to acceptablelevels in accordance with the requirements of European standards and the ATEX Directive.The general standard SR EN 60079-0 requires that only electrical / non-electrical equipment, certified for safe use, be used in hazardous areas Ex, which must ensure an appropriate normal degree of protection through the outer casing, as this protection is a requirement basic explosion protection.The tests for determining the degree of protection were carried out in accordance with harmonized European requirements and in the area of high-performance stands in accordance with SR EN ISO / IEC 17025, and the validity of the test results was demonstrated by successful participation in interlaboratory competitions and test of laboratory competition.
Monitoring slope stability in surface mines: are low-cost UAVs used for excavated rock volume calculations capable of early detection of displacements?
Authors: Tsachouridis Stefanos , Pavloudakis Francis , Pilalidis Konstantinos , Myronidis Loukas , Roumpos Christos
Published: December 2022

This paper tries to assess the ability of UAVs equipped with RGB cameras to monitor the stability of the specific slopes in the surface lignite mines of Ptolemaida basin. For this purpose, the results of high measurement accuracy surveying, which was applied based on a series of target prisms placed on the crests of mine benches, are compared with the displacements detected by subtracting successive digital terrain models produced using UAVs equipped with RGB cameras in combination with RTK processing.