bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficient Bayesian inference for mechanistic modelling with high-throughput data
Authors: Martina Perez Simon , Sailem Heba , Baker Ruth E.
Published: June 2022

Bayesian methods are routinely used to combine experimental data with detailed mathematical models to obtain insights into physical phenomena. However, the computational cost of Bayesian computation with detailed models has been a notorious problem. Moreover, while high-throughput data presents opportunities to calibrate sophisticated models, comparing large amounts of data with model simulations quickly becomes computationally prohibitive. Inspired by the method of Stochastic Gradient Descent, we propose a minibatch approach to approximate Bayesian computation. Through a case study of a high-throughput imaging scratch assay experiment, we show that reliable inference can be performed at a fraction of the computational cost of a traditional Bayesian inference scheme. By applying a detailed mathematical model of single cell motility, proliferation and death to a data set of 118 gene knockdowns, we characterise functional subgroups of gene knockdowns, each displaying its own typical combination of local cell density-dependent and -independent motility and proliferation patterns. By comparing these patterns to experimental measurements of cell counts and wound closure, we find that density-dependent interactions play a crucial role in the process of wound healing.
Green synthesis and characterization of copper nanoparticles for investigating their effect on germination and growth of wheat
Authors: Kausar Humaira , Mehmood Ansar , Khan Rizwan Taj , Ahmad Khawaja Shafique , Hussain Sajjad , Nawaz Fahim , Iqbal Muhammad Sajjad , Nasir Muhammad , Ullah Tariq Saif
Published: June 2022

Today, different types of nanoparticles (NPs) are being synthesized and used for medical and agricultural applications. In this study, copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) were synthesized using the aqueous extract of mint (Mentha longifolia L.). For the characterization of CuNPs, UV-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry were used. The UV-Visible absorption peak at 558 nm confirmed the formation of CuNPs. The XRD pattern confirmed the phase-centered crystalline nature of CuNPs. FTIR analysis showed the O-H, Cu-H and C-C bonds, indicating the active role of these functional groups as reducing agents of Cu ions to CuNPS. The synthesized NPs were found to have an almost spherical shape with an average size of 23 nm. When applied to wheat, a condition dependent effect of CuNPs was found. Variety 18-Elite Line 1, Elite Line 3, and 18-Elite Line 6 showed maximum germination and growth rate at 50 mg CuNPs/L, while variety 18-Elite Line 5 showed that increase at 25 mg CuNPs/L. Beyond these concentrations, the seed germination and growth of wheat declined. In conclusion, the application of CuNPs showed a beneficial effect in improving the growth of wheat at a certain concentration.
Impact of secondary TCR engagement on the heterogeneity of pathogen-specific CD8+ T cell response during acute and chronic toxoplasmosis
Authors: Shallberg Lindsey A. , Phan Anthony T. , Christian David A. , Perry Joseph A. , Haskins Breanne E. , Beiting Daniel P. , Harris Tajie H. , Koshy Anita A. , Hunter Christopher A.
Published: June 2022

Initial TCR engagement (priming) of naive CD8+T cells results in T cell expansion, and these early events influence the generation of diverse effector and memory populations. During infection, activated T cells can re-encounter cognate antigen, but how these events influence local effector responses or formation of memory populations is unclear. To address this issue, OT-I T cells which express the Nur77-GFP reporter of TCR activation were paired with the parasiteToxoplasma gondiithat expresses OVA to assess how secondary encounter with antigen influences CD8+T cell responses. During acute infection, TCR stimulation in affected tissues correlated with parasite burden and was associated with markers of effector cells while Nur77-GFP-OT-I showed signs of effector memory potential. However, both Nur77-GFP-and Nur77-GFP+OT-I from acutely infected mice formed similar memory populations when transferred into naive mice. During the chronic stage of infection in the CNS, TCR activation was associated with large scale transcriptional changes and the acquisition of an effector T cell phenotype as well as the generation of a population of CD103+CD69+Trm like cells. While inhibition of parasite replication resulted in reduced effector responses it did not alter the Trm population. These data sets highlight that recent TCR activation contributes to the phenotypic heterogeneity of the CD8+T cell response but suggest that this process has a limited impact on memory populations at acute and chronic stages of infection.
Fish female-biased gene cyp19a1a leads to female antiviral response attenuation between sexes by autophagic degradation of MITA
Authors: Lu Long-Feng , Jiang Jing-Yu , Du Wen-Xuan , Wang Xue-Li , Li Zhuo-Cong , Zhou Xiao-Yu , Zhang Can , Mou Cheng-Yan , Chen Dan-Dan , Li Zhi , Zhou Li , Gui Jian-Fang , Li Xi-Yin , Li Shun
Published: June 2022

From insects to mammals, both innate and adaptive immune response are usually higher in females than in males, with the sex chromosome and hormonal differences considered the main reasons. Here, we report that zebrafish cyp19a1a (cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1a), an autosomal gene with female-biased expression, causes female fish to exhibit a lower antiviral response. First, we successfully constructed an infection model by intraperitoneal injection of spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) into zebrafish (Danio rerio) and Carassius auratus herpesvirus (CaHV) in gibel carp (Carassius gibelio). Specifically, female fish were more vulnerable to viral infection than males, accompanied by a significantly weaker interferon (IFN) expression. After screening several candidates, cyp19a1a, which was highly expressed in female fish tissues, was selected for further analysis. The IFN expression and antiviral response were significantly higher in cyp19a1a-/- than in cyp19a1a+/+. Further investigation of the molecular mechanism revealed that Cyp19a1a targets mediator of IRF3 activation (MITA) for autophagic degradation. Interestingly, in the absence of MITA, Cyp19a1a alone could not elicit an autophagic response. Furthermore, the autophagy factor ATG14 (autophagy-related 14) was found interacted with Cyp19a1a to either promote or attenuate Cyp19a1a-mediated MITA degradation by either being overexpressed or knocked down, respectively. At the cellular level, both the normal and MITA-enhanced cellular antiviral responses were diminished by Cyp19a1a. These findings demonstrated a sex difference in the antiviral response based on a regulation mechanism controlled by a female-biased gene besides sex chromosome and hormonal differences, supplying the current understanding of sex differences in fish.
Identification of NS2 determinants stimulating intrinsic HCV NS2 protease activity
Authors: Isken Olaf , Walther Thomas , Wong-Dilworth Luis , Rehders Dirk , Redecke Lars , Tautz Norbert
Published: June 2022

Hepatitis C Virus NS2-NS3 cleavage is mediated by NS2 autoprotease (NS2pro) and this cleavage is important for genome replication and virus assembly. Efficient NS2-NS3 cleavage relies on the stimulation of an intrinsic NS2pro activity by the NS3 protease domain. NS2pro activation depends on conserved hydrophobic NS3 surface residues and yet unknown NS2-NS3 surface interactions. Guided by an in silico NS2-NS3 precursor model, we experimentally identified two NS2 surface residues, F103 and L144, that are important for NS2pro activation by NS3. When analyzed in the absence of NS3, a combination of defined amino acid exchanges, namely F103A and L144I, acts together to increase intrinsic NS2pro activity. This effect is conserved between different HCV genotypes. For mutation L144I its stimulatory effect on NS2pro could be also demonstrated for two other mammalian hepaciviruses, highlighting the functional significance of this finding. We hypothesize that the two exchanges stimulating the intrinsic NS2pro activity mimic structural changes occurring during NS3-mediated NS2pro activation. Introducing these activating NS2pro mutations into a NS2-NS5B replicon reduced NS2-NS3 cleavage and RNA replication, indicating their interference with NS2-NS3 surface interactions pivotal for NS2pro activation by NS3. Data from chimeric hepaciviral NS2-NS3 precursor constructs, suggest that NS2 F103 is involved in the reception or transfer of the NS3 stimulus by NS3 P115. Accordingly, fine-tuned NS2-NS3 surface interactions are a salient feature of HCV NS2-NS3 cleavage. Together, these novel insights provide an exciting basis to dissect molecular mechanisms of NS2pro activation by NS3.
Who Will Be Held Responsible for the Grave Responsibility of Industrial Accidents?
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Kwon Seol A , Kim Jee Eun , Lee Jae Eun
Published: June 2022

The enforcement of the Severe Accident Punishment Act will be implemented from January 27, 2022, and it is expected for the protection of fundamental rights at work and the responsibility of the corporations about homicide by negligence to be reinforced. Accordingly, this study intends to base on the corporate homicide by negligence in the United Kingdom that was implemented in 2007 to consider the case by focusing on the limits after the execution of the act and provide base data for the establishment of safety rights for the laborers of the future society in South Korea. Based on the case in the United Kingdom, the points that were criticized included the following; first, the fewer cases of indictment than expected, second, the limits in holding subjects accountable for responsibility, and third, difficulties in vindicating the severe ‘infringement.’ This is considered as a limit that could occur in South Korea followed by the implementation of the Severe Accident Punishment Act.
Alleviating Disaster Vulnerability and Improving Resilience of the Elderly
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Chung Won Hee , Yang Gi Geun
Published: June 2022

When disasters occur, older people are more at risk than other age groups. This is because physical fitness, hearing, and vision deteriorate due to aging, and physical movement is not easy. Nevertheless, there are insufficient studies on accurate identification of the elderly who have disaster-safety vulnerabilities, and the recognition and behavior of the disaster risks of the elderly. In the age of aging, it is necessary to prepare systematic measures against disaster vulnerability and to promote resilience for the elderly. And it is urgent to implement practical disaster safety policies for the elderly as disaster-vulnerable people. The purpose of this study is to analyze the disaster vulnerability of elderly people and to improve their resilience in the age of aging. In order to achieve the purpose of the study, we examine the current status of the elderly people's disaster vulnerability, including the current status of the elderly and their recognition of disaster safety. This paper suggests: disaster vulnerability management that reflects the disaster vulnerability and desire of the elderly, legal and institutional support for enhancing the resilience of disaster recovery of the elderly, the development, education, and training with disaster-response manuals for the elderly.
US-China Cooperation on Climate Change at COP26: Policy Implications for Environment and Energy
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Lee Wang Hwi
Published: June 2022

Despite fierce strategic competition, the United States and China reached to a breakthrough agreement at COP26. This article addresses how and why the two superpowers chose to cooperate on environment and energy. Scientific evidence of global warming pressured the largest and second-largest carbon emitters to bear the responsibility and burden of climate change.
In addition, there has been a growing interdependence between them since the Obama administration. As the US became an oil and gas exporting country in the late 2010, the Trump administration pushed ahead with selling oil and gas surpluses to China that rapidly increased energy imports. In pursuit of a Global Green New Deal, the Biden administration made efforts to help China achieve carbon neutrality as early as possible. For China, natural gas can be a second-best option during energy transition because it emits less carbon than coal. US gas also contributes to diversifying energy imports. These mutual interests played a crucial role in insulating climate change cooperation from strategic competition.
A Study on Strengthening Elevator Safety Management through an Elevator Accident Case Analysis
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Lee Sang Min , Byun Sung Soo , Yoo Byung Tae
Published: June 2022

Accidents caused by human negligence and negligence can be reduced by improving awareness through safety education and cultural diffusion, but it is difficult to prevent them completely due to the limitations of human mental and physical abilities. In other words, elevator safety measures that can compensate for human error are required, and this study intends to seek a elevator safety management system improvements to reduce elevator safety accidents. In order to achieve the purpose of the study, this study reviewed the legal system related to elevator safety management and analyzed the elevator accident cases. This study suggested the following measures for strengthening elevator safety management. First, to reinforce safety education related to elevator use and spread safety culture should be secured. Second, Establishment of a smart safety management system for elevators is required. Third, Development and introduction of elevator safety index is required.
Issues of Water Security in Europe
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Chun Kwang Ho
Published: June 2022

In increasing awareness of global warming, the aim of this observational research is to critically analyse the connection between water availability and the resulting impact on security issues in Europe. Environmental changes, specifically climate change, as well as three other important reasons for water scarcity are taken into account. The paper ponders the question of whether lack of water is or will be a possible source of conflict in Europe in coming decade. While looking at every region of Europe the goal is to individually scrutinise, the approaches taken by the states in responding to rising issues of water security and offers an extended discussion on what these issues might mean for the future of Europe. The preliminary answer presented in the paper is that there is no a single, overarching solution for water scarcity. Every region has its own unique problems that require original approach. The water-related domestic issues do present some danger on a smaller regional scale. The paper argues that transnational conflicts are only possible in theory and are very unlikely to occur due to the firm establishment of the European Union.
What Have People Valued in Work or Leisure during the COVID-19 Pandemic? Focusing on Cohort Analysis of Public Perception Survey
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Sul Jin Bae , Lee Eun Mi
Published: June 2022

This study analyzes the change in people's perceptions of work and leisure during the COVID-19 pandemic and the factors affecting it using data from public perception surveys conducted in 2021 and 2014. As analytical results, first, the orientation to balance work and leisure was increased in 2021 compared to 2014, resulting in a change in the public's perception of work and leisure. Second, in 2021, a higher education level and higher age indicated a higher orientation toward work-leisure balance.
In addition, in terms of political ideology, progressives or conservatives were both more likely to pursue a balance between work and leisure than moderates. Third, in 2014, there was no difference in the work-leisure balance orientation according to the cohort, whereas in 2021— unlike the age effect— the low-age cohort showed a higher work-leisure balance orientation than the high-age cohort. This emphasizes the need for restructuring the system in accordance with the constraints of the environment during COVID-19 and the change in perception of the balance between work and leisure.
Factors Influencing Risk-prevention Behaviors Related to COVID-19 in Early 2020
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Shin Hyunki , Kwanpyo Bae
Published: June 2022

This study aims to analyze the effect of emotional factors, cognitive factors, trust, and media on citizens’ voluntary risk-prevention behaviors, considering that in dangerous situations with high uncertainty, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, citizens’ voluntary risk-prevention behavior is important to reduce the spread of infectious diseases. To gather data, a nationwide internet-based survey was conducted in March and April of 2020, when the first phase of the COVID-19 pandemic concluded in South Korea. The survey results revealed that risk-prevention behaviors, such as "wearing a face mask" and "staying at home," were affected by the following variables: emotional response to COVID-19, risk perception, government trust, and the use of social media. In addition, in the cases of women and the elderly, the higher the education level, the more active people were in practicing risk-prevention behaviors. These findings suggest the type of government policy required to induce voluntary risk-prevention behaviors among citizens against COVID-19.
Analyzing the Corruption and Conflicts-of-interest of Public Officials for Preventing Disaster
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Kim Joung Hee , Lee Jae Eun
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this paper is to examine the characteristics of anti-corruption education and training in order to prevent corruption of public officials as a cause of disasters, and to suggest ways to strengthen the capabilities of public officials to avoid conflicts of interest. As a result of the analysis, the laws and regulations for ethics and integrity duties and public financial management of public officials are increasing, while the duties of the state and the duties of public officials who perform them are also increasing. However, standards for the integrity and morality of public officials are scattered in individual laws.
The measures to prevent corruption of public officials and manage conflicts of interest are as follows. First, policy support is needed to activate the conflict-of-interest avoidance system proposed by the current law. Second, it is necessary to integrate such complex and scattered anti-corruption laws and systems. Third, it is necessary to strictly detect and punish corruption and to come up with realistic measures to improve the treatment of public officials.
A Study on Perceived Effect of Influencing Factor on Performance in Social Enterprise
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Lee Jong Hyuk , Park Min Ju , Cha Jung Hoi , Yang Young Soon , Lee Sang Jik
Published: June 2022

This study, taking a step further from the existing studies that the impact factors of social enterprises will affect the performance of social enterprises, was to examine the perception differences in the influence relationship between social enterprise impact factors and social enterprise performance according to social enterprise representatives (social enterprise representatives, social enterprise employees, buyers, related civil servants). Also, this study attempted to identify differences in social enterprise impact factors and social enterprise performance perception according to demographic characteristics (gender, age, education level, income level, region, type of industry, employees).
The Relative Importance of Firefighting Cooperation in the South-North Border Region
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Kim Eun Sun , Eom Young Ho , Hwang Hui Young , Lee Dalbyul , Ryu Sang Il
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this study is to derive priorities for cooperation in the firefighting field in the South and North Korean border areas. This study attempted to measure the importance of what should be done first for firefighting cooperation between South Korea and North Korea through expert AHP analysis. And it intended to help derive policy implications in cooperation in the firefighting field in the border area. As the results of the analysis, the firefighting experts thought that improvements should be made in terms of legal system. Next, they thought that improvements should be made in terms of policy. It confirms that there was an opinion that the improvement of domestic laws and regulations for Inter-Korean fire fighting cooperation was urgent first, and that experts' opinion that fire fighting job analysis and work reset should be dominant. This study is distinguished from previous studies in that it is cooperation in the field of fire fighting at the border region. Finally, it develops policy implications in that the possibility of cooperation and coexistence through disaster response can be expected in that it is a special field of firefighting.
A Study on the Factors Contributing to Criminal Offenses among the Elderly and Countermeasures
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Lee Eun Joo , Heo Jun
Published: June 2022

As people's life expectancies increase as a result of advancements in science, technology, and medical technology, humanity has entered a never-before-seen post-aged society. These social changes have resulted in a variety of social problems, including a decline in the labor force, an increase in medical costs for the elderly, an increase in elderly poverty, and an increase in criminal offenses among the elderly. Thus, in order to prevent and respond to the growing number of criminal offenses committed by the elderly, we propose the creation of jobs for the elderly to aid in their social integration. Second, a it is necessary to prepare spaces in order to preserve and strengthen social bonds among the elderly, as well as to establish a network based on the local community. Finally, an education program will need to be developed to teach the elderly how to control and suppress their emotions and anger on their own.
Nascentes urbanas e geodiversidade: resgate histórico da transformação da paisagem e estudo de materiais hidromórficos no município de São Carlos (SP)
Authors: Baptista Maria Vitoria , Menezes Denise Balestrero
Published: June 2022

A cidade de São Carlos/SP concentra a maior porção do seu perímetro urbano na sub bacia do rio Monjolinho, pertencente à região hidrográfica do Tietê-Jacaré (UGRHI 13); assenta-se sobre unidades geológicas das eras Mesozóica (período Jurássico e Cretáceo) e transição para Cenozóica (período Cretáceo para Terciário) na região das cuestas da Bacia Sedimentar do Paraná, com muitos afloramentos de corpos d’água. A expansão urbana no município condicionou a ocupação de áreas ambientalmente frágeis como as margens dos córregos e nascentes. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi a análise geoambiental dos materiais inconsolidados presentes nas cabeceiras de corpos hídricos urbanos de São Carlos e a sua relação com o afloramento de nascentes de meia encosta. Foram analisadas cerca de oito nascentes localizadas nas regiões de cabeceira de córregos por meio do geoprocessamento, da coleta de amostras de solo em campo e de entrevistas com moradores locais. Como resultado, encontrou-se uma relação entre os materiais hidromórficos identificados nas cabeceiras e o afloramento de nascentes de meia encosta em áreas com elevado estado de degradação do meio físico. Estes materiais são pouco estudados na região, não havendo na literatura um mapeamento de detalhe ou sua classificação estratigráfica, ressaltando a necessidade de aprofundamento nos estudos da geodiversidade do município. O resgate da história junto à população foi importante para manter viva a memória coletiva sobre os elementos e os valores associados à geodiversidade.
The Effects of Modifying Amount and Type of Dietary Carbohydrate on Esophageal Acid Exposure Time and Esophageal Reflux Symptoms: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Gu Cihang , Olszewski Timothy , King Karen L. , Vaezi Michael F. , Niswender Kevin D. , Silver Heidi J.
Published: June 2022

INTRODUCTION:

This is the first randomized controlled diet intervention trial to investigate both the amount and type of carbohydrate on symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

METHODS:

Ninety-eight veterans with symptomatic GERD were randomly assigned to high total/high simple, high total/low simple, low total/high simple, or low total/low simple carbohydrate diet for 9 weeks. The primary outcomes were esophageal acid exposure time (AET) and total number of reflux episodes derived from 24-hour ambulatory pH monitoring. Secondary outcomes were esophageal reflux symptoms rated using the Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Questionnaire (GERDQ) and GERD Symptom Assessment Scale (GSAS).

RESULTS:

Half of the subjects were White and half African American (mean age, 60.0 ± 12.5 years; mean body mass index, 32.7 ± 5.4 kg/m2). There was a significant main effect of diet treatment on AET (P = 0.001) and on the total number of reflux episodes (P = 0.003). The change in AET in the high total/low simple group (−4.3% ± 3.8%) differed significantly from the high total/high simple control group (+3.1% ± 3.7%), (P = 0.04). The reduction in simple sugar intake averaged 62 g less per day. Subjects' ratings of symptoms improved in all carbohydrate modification groups, including significant reductions in heartburn frequency, heartburn severity, acid taste in the mouth, lump/pain in the throat or chest, and sleep disturbance.

DISCUSSION:

A modification of dietary carbohydrate intake that targeted a substantial reduction in the intakes of simple sugars improved pH monitoring outcomes and symptoms of GERD that profoundly affect daily life. These findings provide a feasible and clinically applicable contribution to the limited objective data existing for efficacious dietary recommendations in the routine treatment and management of GERD.
The prevalence of cognitive impairment and their association with socioeconomic, demographic and anthropometric factors and geriatric syndromes in people over 65 years of age: data from the Russian epidemiological study EVKALIPT
Authors: Mkhitaryan E. A. , Vorobieva N. M. , Tkacheva O. N. , Kotovskaya Yu. V. , Koberskaya N. N. , Selezneva E. V. , Ovcharova L. N.
Published: June 2022

Cognitive dysfunction is one of the most common disorders in the elderly and senile age. There are currently 57 million people with dementia worldwide.

Objective: to assess cognitive functions, to understand the prevalence of cognitive impairment (CI) and to analyze their associations with socioeconomic, demographic and anthropometric factors and geriatric syndromes in people aged ≥65 years.

Patients and methods. Subjects living in 11 regions of the Russian Federation took part in the EVKALIPT epidemiological study. The inclusion criterion was age ≥65 years. Participants were divided into three age groups (65–74 years, 75–84 years, and ≥85 years) according to the protocol. All patients underwent a comprehensive geriatric assessment, comprising a specially designed questionnaire and physical examination. Cognitive functions were assessed using the mini-Cog test. The study included 3545 patients (of which 30% were males) aged 65 to 107 years.

Results and discussion. According to the data obtained in our study, CI was detected in 60.8% of the subjects, and severe disorders – in 19.9% (0 or 1 point according to the mini-Cog). Patients with CI had a lower socioeconomic status. One-way regression analysis showed that the risk of CI increased by 10% with increasing age for every 1 year but did not depend on the sex of the subjects. Associated with increased CI risk also were: living alone (by 28%), living in a nursing home (by 90%), widowhood (by 2.2 times) or absence of a partner (by 2.2 times), underweight (by 2.9 times) and normal body weight (by 1.6 times), disability (by 54%), primary (by 4.8 times) and secondary (by 75%) education, bad economic conditions (by 95%). On the contrary, the presence of overweight and obesity reduced the risk of CI by 14 and 24% respectively, living in a family – by 24%, having a spouse – by 55%, divorce – by 29%, having a job – by 73%, higher education and a scientific degree – by 55 and 59%, medium and good economic conditions – by 38 and 52%, respectively. In patients with CI, the incidence of all geriatric syndromes was higher.

Conclusion. The frequency of CI among elderly patients was higher compared with data from other studies. The EVKALIPT study was the first to obtain national data on the prevalence and characteristics of CI in persons aged ≥65 years in the general population.
Contexto histórico e político para uma ação propositiva de organização e operacionalidade do Plano Educacional Individualizado de estudantes com deficiências
Authors: Da Silva Gabrielle Lenz , Camargo Síglia Pimentel Höher , Mello Maria Paula , Costa Daniel da Silva
Published: June 2022

O Plano Educacional Individualizado (PEI) é uma metodologia de trabalho colaborativa amparada pela lei e amplamente utilizada nos Estados Unidos para a inclusão de alunos com deficiências. No Brasil, embora exista dispositivos legais que dissertam sobre formas, instrumentos e metodologias para a inclusão de estudantes com necessidades educacionais especiais, não há referência explícitas sobre o PEI, como também não há diretrizes para sua organização e execução. O presente artigo tem como objetivos contextualizar histórica e conceitualmente o PEI e suas origens; diferenciando-o de outros tipos de planejamentos escolares; e propor diretrizes e recomendações para sua implementação que possam auxiliar na elaboração de políticas educacionais brasileiras em relação a utilização do PEI. Para isto, é apresentado uma revisão das legislações dos EUA e do Brasil, demonstrando o que os dispositivos legais indicam sobre o PEI. Logo após, são apresentados os diferentes planos escolares presentes nas instituições de ensino e suas funções, seguido de diretrizes para a elaboração e implementação do PEI. Exemplos de como os objetivos e metas de aprendizagem devem ser elaborados e avaliados considerando as funções de cada membro da equipe multiprofissional são demonstrados. Por fim, formas adequadas de implementar o PEI no contexto escolar e suas implicações para a escolarização de estudantes com deficiências são discutidas.
3D Numerical Investigation of Free Convection using Lattice Boltzmann and Finite Difference Methods
Authors: Benhamou Jaouad , Lahmer El Bachir , Jami Mohammed , Moussaoui Mohammed Amine , Mezrhab Ahmed
Published: June 2022

Numerical study of various physical phenomena in three dimensions has become a necessity to better understand the physical process than in two dimensions. Thus, in this paper, the code is elaborated to be adapted to the simulation of heat transfer in three dimensions. The numerical simulations are performed using a hybrid method. This method is based on the lattice Boltzmann approach for the computation of velocities, and on the finite difference technique for the calculation of temperature. The used numerical code is validated by examining the free convection in a cubic enclosure filled with air. Then, the analysis of the heat exchange between two cold vertical walls and a heated block located at the center of a cubic cavity is considered.  The performed simulations showed that for a small value of the Rayleigh number (Ra=103 for example), the fluid exchanges its heat almost equally with all hot surfaces of the obstacle. However, for large values of Ra (Ra≥104), the numerical results found showed that the heat exchange rate is greater on the bottom face compared to the other faces of the obstacle.
Effect of thickness of polyethylene packaging and temperature on quality of solar-dried oyster mushroom (Pleurotus sajor-caju)
Authors: Giang Nguyen T.N , Khai Tran V , Thuy Nguyen M
Published: June 2022

Pleurotus sajor-caju is evaluated as an edible fungi with high nutritional and medicinal value, but fresh mushrooms are easily damaged after harvest due to many reasons. Drying methods can be taken to maintain mushroom quality, reduce losses and prolong postharvest storage time. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of polyethylene (PE) packaging thickness (91.70 µm; 81.30 µm and 53.50 µm), temperature (28 oC-30 oC and 3 oC-5 oC) (with air humidity of 60-62% and 76-78% respectively), to the quality of oyster mushrooms dried by solar energy, during storage. During the storage period, the total sugar and protein contents of all treatments decreased. Besides, the colour (through the difference in lightness and darkness (?L) value) and firmness of the solar-dried oyster mushrooms also decreased, so, oyster mushrooms were darkened and softened. After 6 months, the lowest protein, total sugar and lipid loss was found in PE packaging of 91.70 µm thickness at storage temperature of 3 oC-5 oC. In addition, the water activity of dried mushrooms was lower (less than 0.7), so it ensures microbiological safety.
Dallas, Houston, and San Antonio Public Health Ordinance During COVID-19. Are They Constitutional?
Authors: Achraf Sana
Published: June 2022

COVID-19 is becoming an increasing concern since its emergence in late 2019. Texas in particular has seen an increasing number of cases along with overloaded hospitals. Texas has not dealt with a pandemic as severe as this for decades and the government is quickly implementing procedures to mitigate the effects of COVID-19. These COVID-19 procedures are spiking concern in many individuals, causing them to question the constitutionality of these ordinances and if the government is infringing on their rights. In this paper we will analyze these procedures and how they originated. We will explore the different roles of federal, state and local governments in public health law and the extent of their authority during a public health crisis. This analysis will provide the answers and show you why the government is likely not infringing on your constitutional rights.
Property 𝑅∞ for some spherical and affine Artin–Tits groups
Authors: Calvez Matthieu , Soroko Ignat
Published: June 2022

Let

n
⩾
2

n\geqslant 2

.
In this note, we give a short uniform proof of property

R
∞

R_{\infty}

for the Artin–Tits groups of spherical types

A
n

A_{n}

,

B
n

B_{n}

,

D
4

D_{4}

,

I
2

⁢

(
m
)

I_{2}(m)

(

m
⩾
3

m\geqslant 3

), their pure subgroups, and for the Artin–Tits groups of affine types

A
~

n
-
1

\tilde{A}_{n-1}

and

C
~

n

\tilde{C}_{n}

.
In particular, we provide an alternative proof of a recent result of Dekimpe, Gonçalves and Ocampo, who established property

R
∞

R_{\infty}

for pure Artin braid groups.
Comparison of fibers obtained from industrial corncob residue by two delignification methods and their application in papermaking
Authors: Niu Bao-Ze , Yuan Tao , Zhang Tao , Song Xian-Liang
Published: June 2022

In this study, two methods were used to extract fibers from industrial corncob residue. The extracted fibers were compared with different characterization methods such as Zeta potential, FAS-VII fiber analysis system, GPC and XRD. The average length and width of the fibers treated by NaOH/H2O2 were 80 µm and 10 µm. The molecular weight was 17653, and the crystallinity was 49.9 %. Correspondingly, the average length and width of fibers treated with CH3COOH/NaClO2 were 100 μm and 10 µm. The molecular weight was 18810, and the crystallinity was 61.9 %. Then, they were modified to prepare carboxymethyl cellulose, which was used to improve the physical properties of paper, the result indicated that both of the carboxymethyl cellulose had good effect. Under optimal experimental conditions, the folding endurance, tensile index, burst index of the handsheets were increased by 37.38 %, 28.78 %, and 28.8 %, respectively. SEM results showed that the addition of carboxymethyl cellulose made the fibers stick closely, which improving the paper properties.
Cutting-edge development in waste-recycled nanomaterials for energy storage and conversion applications
Authors: Abd Elkodous Mohamad , Hamad Hesham A. , Abdel Maksoud Mohamad I. A. , Ali Gomaa A. M. , El Abboubi Mouna , Bedir Ahmed G. , Eldeeb Ahmed A. , Ayed Abdelmoneim A. , Gargar Zineb , Zaki Fatma S. , Farage Dina A. M. , Matsuda Atsunori , Abdelnour Marina R. , Sabra Bassant A. , Elsayed Ali , Abdelrazek Taghreed A. , Abdelhameed Salma T. , Gharieb Mohamed A. , Rabee Maisara M. , Aboeldiar Sahar A. , Abdo Nadeen A. , Elwakeel Abdullah M. , Mahmoud Amira S. , Elsaid Moustafa M. M. , Omar Wafaa M. , Hania Rinad Abu , Mahmoud Nouran G. , Elsayed Ahmed S. S. , Mohamed Tarek M. , Sewidan Muhamed A. , Sayed Mostafa A. M. , Abbas Abdulrahman A. , Elsayed Ahmed H. , Alazab Alaa Marouf , Basyooni Mohamed A. , Magdy Mona , Mashaly Eman A. , Salem Omnia M. , Saber Suzan , Hafez Ahmad Ali , Tan Wai Kian , Kawamura Go
Published: June 2022

Agriculture and industrial wastes (AIWs) have attracted much attention because of their huge environmental, economic, and social impacts. AIWs have been considered a crucial link of a closed-loop for the fabrication of nanomaterials and composites wherein they replace traditional resources with sustainable waste in waste management. In this context, the proper disposal of AIWs is required. This review aims to investigate the technical feasibility of using innovative AIW resources and various strategies for the fabrication of nanomaterials for improving energy applications. First, the utilization of AIWs is classified comprehensively. Second, key technologies to produce nanomaterials are summarized. In addition, this review discusses the potential applications of the fabricated nanomaterials in energy storage and energy conversion.
An investigation on thermo-mechanical performance of graphene-oxide-reinforced shape memory polymer
Authors: Chen Long , Yang Qingbao , Yang Xue , Liu Zhanqiang , Song Qinghua
Published: June 2022

Based on micro morphology, a thermo-mechanical coupling model of shape memory graphene oxide/epoxy resin (SMGO/EP) was proposed. The heat transfer capability, mechanical property and shape memory ability of shape memory polymer (SMP) were further investigated. The reliability of the modeling was verified by comparing the heat transfer and shape fixation rate of the experimental and simulation data. The results showed that the maximum error of heat transfer was 6.04%, and shape fixing rate error was 2.33%. When the volume fraction of GO was 1.50 vol%, the maximum stress can reach 158.39 MPa, 46.52% higher than that of pure shape memory EP. With the increase in the volume fraction of GO in the SMGO/EP composites, the heat transfer enhancement and recovery rate of SMGO/EP were directly affected by the doping content of GO. The surface temperature of the composites with GO doping content of 1.50 vol% was 20.26°C higher than that of pure SMEP after heating for 300 s. Under the coupling effect of heat transfer and stress characteristics, the mechanism of shape memory effect of SMGO/EP composites was revealed. The thermo-mechanical coupling modeling of SMGO/EP can effectively predict the shape memory characteristics of the SMGO/EP composites.
A short review on cancer therapeutics
Authors: Kayode Abolanle A.A. , Eya Izuchukwu Emmanuel , Kayode Omowumi Titilola
Published: June 2022

Cancer as a disease has been a remarkable scourge and over the past years, advances have been made in understanding the molecular basis of carcinogenesis and combating this disease. The common traits exhibited by cancer have been individually studied to figure out its mode of action and its mechanism of survival even in the most austere conditions. The various hallmarks noted so far have been effectively studied and different therapies revolving around each hallmark are still being studied in order to find the most appropriate treatment for the different types of cancer in existence. Emerging therapies have been able to elucidate the mechanism of receptor blockage which facilitate the ability of cancer to proliferate as well as evade tumor suppressors, prevent cell death, support replicative immortality, escape immune destruction, stimulate angiogenesis, reduce cellular energetics as well as metabolism and prevent the destruction of the immune system. This life-threatening disease should be tackled aggressively with a combined therapy that involves two or more hallmarks of cancer and adverse effects of each therapy should also be considered.
A Note on the Optimality of Domain-specific Liability
Authors: Friehe Tim , Langlais Eric , Schulte Elisabeth
Published: June 2022

This note analyzes the socially optimal allocation of liability whenbothconsumers and the environment incur harm from the activity of a monopolistic firm. We show that the marginal welfare effect from a greater extent of loss shifting depends on the domain of harm (consumer vs. environment) and the relationship between the harm level and the level of output (proportional vs. non-proportional). Starting from the relevant benchmark of full compensation in both domains, reducing the firm’s liability for environmental harm is welfare-improving whereas reducing the firm’s liability for consumer harm is welfare-decreasing when harm increases more than proportionally with the quantity produced.
Size controlled synthesis of silver nanoparticles: a comparison of modified Turkevich and BRUST methods
Authors: Gul Nouroze , Ata Sadia , Bibi Ismat , Ijaz-ul-Mohsin  , Azam Muhammad , Shahid Abubaker , Alwadai Norah , Masood Nasir , Iqbal Munawar
Published: June 2022

In the present investigation, silver nanoparticles were synthesized and a comparative analysis was performed of modified Turkevich and BRUST methods. Silver nitrate precursor was reduced by trisodium citrate dihydrate and ascorbic acid was used as a surfactant. Based on Turkevich and BRUST methods, the process variables, i.e., temperature, reducing agent concentration, stirring speed, mode of injecting reducing agent/precursor to large excess volume of either precursor/reducing agent were studied. The size of the particles was preliminarily ascertained by DLS studies and it was found that modified BRUST method yielded silver nanoparticles with average particle size of 25 nm, while modified Turkevich method furnished nanoparticles with average particle size of 15 nm. The silver nanoparticles were characterized by employing the UV/visible, Zeta sizer, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive microscopy (EDX) techniques. Results revealed that the silver nanoparticles size can be controlled by optimizing the conditions of modified Turkevich and BRUST methods.
Social Media as Effective Tool for Understanding Customer Experience: A Systematized Review
Authors: Adisu Fanta Bate , Ayman Balawi
Published: June 2022

THE AIMS OF THE PAPER

Social media play an indispensable role in utilizing, building, and promoting companies' brands and communicating customer's experience in the current digital age. However, literature has not sufficiently addressed how social media could be utilized to understand customer experience. This paper, hence, aims to describe the roles and importance of social media in knowing about customers experience and offers tips for companies on how to select, target, and deliver the right content for the social media platforms at all touch points along their purchasing journey.

METHODOLOGY

The systematized review (SR) method was followed to trace out & analyze the data. The EBSCO discovery of science was utilized to search for articles. Among the databases in it, emphasis was given to academic search complete, business source premium & science direct. Out of the total (289) search query results, over forty-five articles were synthesized after imposing limiters, removing duplicates, and imposing none-business settings.

MOST IMPORTANT RESULTS

Social media is a multi-purpose tool that offers services ranging from brand awareness creation, advertisement, product sales information, to soliciting post-purchase customers' experience and then catalyzes two-way communication between marketers and users. Its effectiveness depends not only on selecting social media and posting at the right time but also on designing the right content based on the nature of a product: hedonic or functional. The social media content of hedonic products, consumed for enjoyment and luxury purposes, has more customer reactions than functional products consumed as common goods. Besides, as customers rely more on other customers' reviews, user-generated content is more valuable than firm-generated content, especially for hedonic products. Thus, the content-product-media match must find its proper place. Additionally, the authors elaborated on the relationship between 4 touching points (brand-owned, partner-owned, customer-owned, social/independent, based on (Verhoef and Lemon 2016) and 3 stages of the purchase process (pre-purchase, during purchase, post-purchase).

RECOMMENDATIONS

Customer experience analysis should include all affective, physical, cognitive, sensorial, emotional, and social responses of customers towards brands. A company also needs to identify and, thoroughly, keep tracing customers' reactions at all touchpoints in all purchase journey phases using tools like 'SentiStrength' and 'Weka software'. It should be a top priority for management. They should place a responsible person or team to utilize social media and collect data on customer's experience in a separate IT-supported office.
Fürdőlátogatók véleményeinek témamodellezése a Gellért Gyógyfürdő és Uszoda példáján
Authors: Hinek Mátyás
Published: June 2022

A TANULMÁNY CÉLJA

A tanulmány a Gellért Gyógyfürdő és Uszoda 2004 és 2021 között a fürdő látogatói által írt vendégvélemények számítógépes topikmodellezésének eredményeit ismerteti. A turizmusmarketing szempontjából kiemelten fontos a vendégvélemények elemzése, különös tekintettel a jelentős forgalmat bonyolító attrakciókra. A Gellért Budapest, illetve Magyarország ikonikus műemlékfürdője, olyan egészségturisztikai attrakció, amely nagyon sok Budapestre látogató számára jelent kihagyhatatlan élményt. Ezt jól tükrözi az elmúlt másfél évtizedben a Tripadvisoron íródott több mint tízezer, közel harminc nyelven írt vendégbejegyzés, amely olyan óriási tömegű, hogy átfogó érétkelésére csak gépi módszerekkel van lehetőség.

ALKALMAZOTT MÓDSZERTAN

A Tripadvisoron 2005 és 2021 között írt összes véleményt egy erre a célra írt kisalkalmazás segítségével töltöttük le. A nem angol nyelven íródott véleményeket a Google Fordító segítségével angolra fordítottuk. Az így kapott korpuszt a szövegbányászat egyik gyorsan fejlődő módszerével, a látens Dirichlet allokációt alkalmazó strukturált témamodellezés segítségével vizsgáltuk meg, hogy melyek a több vendégvéleményben jellemzően előforduló témák. Ehhez az R statisztikai szoftvert, illetve az R környezetben futó STM strukturált témamodellező alkalmazást alkalmaztuk.

LEGFONTOSABB EREDMÉNYEK

A modellezés során a vendégvéleményekben 12 jellemző témát azonosítottuk. Ezeket összevetettük egy korábbi, ugyanezt a korpuszt vizsgáló, a szavak gyakorisági vizsgálatára épülő elemzéssel is, amelyből kiderült, hogy mindkét módszertan alapján hasonló témák azonosíthatók.  Külön is elemeztük a vendégek által jórészt negatívan értékelt szolgáltatási jellemzőkkel kapcsolatos vélemények reprezentációját a vizsgált időhorizonton. Eszerint a higiéniával, tisztasággal kapcsolatos téma aránya nőtt, míg a fürdő vendégkommunikációjával kapcsolatos, szintén jórészt negatív megítélésű téma részaránya csökkent az írott a Gellért fürdőről írt vendégvéleményekben.