bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ekstraksi Crude Tanin dari Kulit Buah Maja dengan Metode Sonikasi
Authors: Kurniawan Fauzi Prima , Aprilianto Vajar Tri , Wahyudi Bambang
Published: August 2024

Tannin merupakan senyawa aktif metabolit sekunder yang diketahui mempunyai beberapa khasiat yaitu sebagai astringen, anti diare, anti bakteri dan antioksidan. Salah satu sumber tannin terbesar adalah kulit dari buah maja yakni sekitar 20%.Tannin memiliki potensi besar sebagai biokoagulan. Pengambilan tannin dari kulit buah maja dilakukan dengan ekstraksi maserasi dengan bantuan metode sonikasi dengan alat sonikator, botol kaca , labu leher 3, rotary evaporator, corong kaca , kertas saring, tangki berpengaduk dan blender. Larutan 30 gram kulit buah maja dan 150 ml etanol (96%) di sonikasi selama 30 menit kemudian di maserasi selama 2 hari kemudian evaporasi. Padatan dengan kadar tannin terbaik dengan kadar tannin 5.8976 %. di 30 gram kulit buah maja dan 150 ml etanol (96%) akan digunakan sebagai biokoagulan limbah cair pakan ternak untuk menurunkan kadar COD yang sebelumnya 1035.97 Mg/L turun menjadi 587.63 Mg/L.
Pembuatan Pupuk Organik Granul dari Sekam Padi dengan Penambahan Bioaktivator EM4
Authors: Pamungkas Gilang Dwi , Rozaq Fatchur , Chempro Siswanto
Published: August 2024

Pengomposan adalah suatu cara untuk merubah bahan-bahan organik menjadi bahan yang lebih sederhana dengan bantuan aktivitas mikroba. Pembuatan pupuk organik padat granul dengan penambahan bioaktivator EM4 (Effective Microorganisms) bertujuan untuk menentukan pengaruh waktu pembuatan dan volume bioaktivator EM4 terhadap kandungan C-Organik (C) dan Nitrogen (N) dalam pupuk organik padat granul. Metode pembuatan pupuk organik padat granul ini  yaitu menggunakan proses composting aerob yang mana sekam yang sudah melewati proses persiapan dimasukan kedalam tabung komposter, kemudian menambahkan bioaktivator EM4, molase dan air. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan berdasarkan variasi waktu 15 hari, 20 hari, 25 hari, 30 hari dan 35 hari serta variasi penambahan jumlah bioaktivator EM4 sebanyak 15 ml, 25 ml, 35 ml, 45 ml dan 55 ml.  Hasil peneltian menunjukkan bahwa proses pembuatan pupuk organik padat granul dengan variasi  waktu dan variasi penambahan volume EM4 efektif dalam menurunkan ratio C/N. Dalam penelitian ini nilai ratio C/N terkecil terjadi di hari ke 30 pada penambahan volume EM4 55 mL sebesar 16,227 yang sudah sesuai standart SNI yakni berkisar 10 – 20, sehingga pupuk organic dari sekam padi ini bisa langsung digunakan.
Analisis Metode Perhitungan Kuantitas Batubara Di Stockpile ROM PT. XYZ
Authors: Harsiga Edwin , Hardianti Siti , Hidayat Ardhi Lufthansyah
Published: August 2024

PT XYZ had a method called the on book method to determine the amount of coal tonnage in the ROM stockpile.. This method used the initial stock from the survey calculation resut at the beginning of each month, the incoming coal to the stockpile used truck count method, and the outgoing coal from stockpile used weighbridge calculation. PT XYZ used the survey calculation results at the beginning of the next month rather than on book method result to determine the difference. The Coal tonnages based on survey result data on April 2 was 34.225,454 tons. Whereas, for the on-book calculation, the stock at March 2 was 38.409,083 tons, the coal in 2 March - 2 April was 71.154 tons, and the coal out of 2 March - 2 April was 67.994,52 tons, so the final stock obtained was 41.568,56 tons. The difference from those two methods comparison was 7.343,11 tons. This research discover the factors causing the differences between two methods i.e. incompatible vessel capacity on the truck counts tonnage calculation, disorganized stockpile patterns, declining ROM stockpile base conditions, spilled material, total station tools and weighbridges which had not been calibrated yet.
GAMBARAN KADAR ASAM URAT PADA WANITA MENOPAUSE DI PUSKESMAS JEMBATAN KECIL KOTA BENGKULU
Authors: Marlina Leni
Published: August 2024

Latar Belakang : Asam urat adalah bahan normal yang terdapat di dalam tubuh dan merupakan hasil akhir metabolism purin, yaitu hasil degradasi dari purin nukleotida yang merupakan bahan penting di dalam tubuh sebagai komponen dari asam nukleat. Adanya peningkatan kadar asam urat pada sampel Wanita menopause disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor diantaranya yaitu hormon, usia, serta pola makan Wanita menopause. Hormon estrogen pada Wanita menopause berfungsi untuk membantu pengaturan ekskresi asam urat sehingga dapat melindungi Wanita dari hiperurisemia. Apabila kadar hormon estrogen di dalam tubuh mengalami penurunan akan menyebabkan terjadinya peningkatan kadar asam urat pada Wanita menopause.
Tujuan: Diketahui gambaran Kadar Asam Urat Pada Wanita Menopause di Puskesmas Jembatan Kecil Kota Bengkulu.
Metode: jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif observasional , sampel berjumlah 34 wanita menopause di Puskesmas jembatan kecil kota Bengkulu dengan menggunakan Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian yaitu pemeriksaan langsung terhadap asam urat.
Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Distribusi frekuensi kadar asam urat pada Wanita menopause sebagian besar responden memiliki kadar asam urat tinggi dan hampir Sebagian responden memiliki kadar asam urat
yang normal. Distribusi frekuensi kadar asam urat pada Wanita menopause berdasarkan usia <60 tahun Sebagian responden memiliki kadar asam urat tinggi, sedangkan pada usia ≥60 tahun hampir seluruh responden memiliki kadar asam urat tinggi.
Kesimpulan: Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa kadar asam urat pada Wanita menopause di Puskesmas Jembatan Kecil Kota Bengkulu menunjukkan Sebagian responden memiliki asam urat tinggi, dan berdasarkan usia menunjukkan hampir seluruh responden memilki asam urat tinggi pada usia ≥60 tahun.
GAMBARAN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS PADA WANITA MENOPAUSE DI PANTI SOSIAL TRESNA WERDHA KOTA BENGKULU TAHUN 2023
Authors: Febriyanti Dhea , Firman Halimatussa'diah
Published: August 2024

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) adalah penyakit inflamasi sistemik kronik dengan etiologi yang tidak diketahui, tetapi beberapa sumber menunjukkan bahwa RA adalah penyakit autoimun jaringan ikat terutama sinovial dengan etiologi multifaktor. Penyakit ini biasanya lebih dominan menyerang wanita yang telah memasuki masa menopause, hingga tiga sampai lima kali lebih mungkin daripada pria. Menopause biasanya terjadi pada wanita di atas usia 50 tahun, tetapi dapat terjadi setelah usia 40 tahun dan merupakan hal yang normal. Diketahui Gambaran Rheumatoid Arthritis Pada Wanita Menopause Di Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha Kota Bengkulu. Teknik pengambilan sampel pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode total sampling dan sampel yang digunakan adalah serum seluruh wanita menopause di panti sosial Tresna Werdha Kota Bengkulu yang berjumlah 20 orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 60% responden memiliki hasil positif, sedangkan 40% responden memiliki hasil negatif.  Sebagian besar (60%) wanita menopause di Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha Kota Bengkulu didapatkan hasil positif Rheumatoid Arthritis. Diharapkan bagi wanita menopause agar selalu menjaga pola hidup sehat serta  dianjurkan untuk melakukan aktivitas fisik yang baik, dan menjaga berat badan ideal serta melakukan pengecekan secara rutin agar dapat memimalisirkan terjadinya penyakit komplikasi.
HUBUNGAN KADAR KOLESTEROL TOTAL DENGAN HIPERTENSI PADA PASIEN POLIKLINIK JANTUNG DI RSUD HARAPAN DAN DOA KOTA BENGKULU TAHUN 2023
Authors: Dewi Devi Cynthia , Miranda Tenike Gita
Published: August 2024

Resiko PJK lebih meningkat 8 kali pada penderita hipertensi yang di sertai faktor resiko (kolesterol, merokok, stress dan lain-lain).Hipertensi adalah suatu keadaan dimana tekanan darah seseorang ≥ 140/90 mmHg. Kira-kira 90-95 % orang yang menderita hipertensi dikatakan menderita hipertensi primer. Hipertensi merupakan faktor predisposisi yang kuat dan independen terhadap morbiditas dan mortalitas penyakit kardiovaskuler seperti Penyakit Jantung Koroner (PJK).
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan kadar kolesterol total dengan hipertensi pada pasien poliklinik jantung di RSUD Harapan Dan Doa Kota Bengkulu tahun 2023”. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survey analitik dengan desain penelitian cross sectional. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan accidental sampling dan berjumlah 45 responden.
Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa 95 % pasien memiliki kadar kolesterol total tidak normal dan dengan hipertensi. Serta 22,1 % pasien memiliki kadar kolesterol total normal dan dengan hipertensi. Uji statistic chi-square menunjukkan ada hubungan antara kadar kolesterol total dengan hipertensi pada pasien poliklinik jantung di RSUD Harapan Dan Doa Kota Bengkulu tahun 2023 (p  0,000 ≤ 0,05).
Rumah sakit hendaknya meningkatkan pelayanan berupa penyuluhan tentang hipertensi yang diakibatkan oleh peningkatan kadar kolesterol total pada pasien poliklinik jantung, sehingga peningkatan kadar kolesterol total yang dapat meningkatkan tekanan darah dapat segera dikontrol.
GAMBARAN JUMLAH TROMBOSIT PADA PENDERITA DIABETES MELITUS DI RSUD DR M YUNUS BENGKULU TAHUN 2023
Authors: Laksono Heru , Pintari Hafifah , Welkriana Putri Widelia
Published: August 2024

Diabetes melitus (DM) adalah penyakit kelainan metabolisme secara genetik dan klinis yang ditandai dengan hiperglekimia kronis serta kelainan metabolisme karbohidrat, lemak dan protein yang diakibatkan oleh kelainan sekresi insulin, kerja insulin maupun keduanya. Hiperglekimia kronis pada diabetes melitus akan disertai dengan kerusakan, gangguan fungsi pada organ tubuh khususnya mata, ginjal, saraf, jantung, dan pembuluh darah. Kelainan metabolisme yang paling utama ialah kelainan metabolisme karbohidrat. Teknik pengumpulan sempel yang digunakan adalah accidental sampling dan sampel yang digunakan adalah sampel darah penderita diabetes melitus sebanyak 34 sampel. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan didapatkan hasil bahwa sebagian besar pasien penderita diabetes melitus di RSUD Dr M Yunus Bengkulu mempunyai jumlah trombosit yang rendah dan sebagian kecil memiliki jumlah trombosit yang normal dan tinggi. Serta diharapkan pada pasien diabetes melitus selalu menjaga pola hidup dan mengkonsumsi obat yang dianjurkan oleh dokter serta melakukan pemeriksaan gula darah,hematologi,dan urin rutin.
KADAR NATRIUM (Na) PENDERITA DM TIPE II DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS TELAGA DEWA TAHUN 2024
Authors: Zakiya Assyfa Araiza , Irawan Putra Adi , Sahidan Sahidan
Published: August 2024

Permasalahan : Diabetes melitus adalah gangguan metabolisme yang ditandai dengan hiperglikemia. Diabetes melitus tipe II ditandai dengan defisiensi insulin relatif karena disfungsi sel beta pankreas dan resistensi insulin pada organ target, disebabkan karena kelainan dalam sekresi insulin, aksi insulin, atau tidak normal pada keduanya. hiperglikemia dapat menyerap air sebanyak mungkin sehingga  Menyebabkan meningkatnya kehilangan natrium melalui urin, yang disebut diuresis osmotik. Tujuan : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran kadar natrium (Na) berdasarkan karakteristik, usia dan jenis kelamin pada penderita DM Tipe II di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Telaga Dewa tahun 2024. Metode : Jenis penelitian yang digunakan metode deskriptif  teknik accidental sampling dengan sampel darah  penderita diabetes  melitus  sebanyak  30  sampel. Hasil : penelitian diperoleh dari kadar Na  pada penderita DM Tipe II hampir seluruh 93,3% responden memiliki kadar Na normal, dan kadar Na rendah yaitu 6,7%. Kesimpulan : Pada penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa terjadi penurunan kadar elektrolit Na terhadap penderita DM Tipe II di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Telaga Dewa serta diharapkan agar dapat memperhatikan kesehatan salah satunya memperbaiki gaya hidup dan memperhatikan asupan makanan
Comparing the clinical trial efficacy versus real-world effectiveness of treatments for multiple myeloma: a population-based study
Authors: Visram Alissa , Chan Kelvin Kar-Wing , Seow Hsien , Pond Gregory , Gayowsky Anastasia , Mohyuddin Ghulam Rehman , McCurdy Arleigh , Sandhu Irwindeep , Venner Christopher , Lancman Guido , Balitsky Amaris , Kouroukis Tom , Bruins Robert , Kumar Shaji , Fonseca Rafael , Mian Hira
Published: August 2024

Not available.
PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH PADAT PADA LOKASI EKSISTING KAFE EKOLOGI
Authors: Alfonzo Siga Riwu Arsenius , Abdul Madjid Adryan , Manggala Guritmo Surya
Published: August 2024

Abstrak: Penelitian ini membahas pengelolaan sampah padat di Kafe Ekologi di Yogyakarta dengan tujuan menganalisis sistem penanganan sampah, mengidentifikasi tantangan, dan merumuskan strategi optimalisasi pengelolaan sampah. Metode penelitian melibatkan wawancara dengan owner, staf, karyawan, dan pengunjung kafe, serta observasi langsung di lokasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlunya peningkatan sistem pengelolaan sampah, terutama dalam pemisahan sampah organik dan anorganik. Tantangan utama meliputi kurangnya fasilitas pemilahan sampah, minimnya edukasi staf, dan rendahnya kesadaran pengunjung. Rekomendasi strategi optimalisasi mencakup peningkatan fasilitas, program edukasi komprehensif, kampanye kesadaran melalui poster, dan pengembangan sistem pemantauan berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini memberikan wawasan penting dan solusi praktis untuk meningkatkan keberlanjutan di lingkungan kafe. Kata kunci: Pengelolaan Sampah, Edukasi Lingkungan, Kampanye Kesadaran, Keberlanjutan Lingkungan.
Clinical Features and Visual Outcome of Infectious Keratitis Associated with Orthokeratology Lens in Korean Pediatric Patients
Authors: Jung Sangwon , Eom Youngsub , Song Jong Suk , Hyon Joon Young , Jeon Hyun Sun
Published: August 2024

Purpose: To investigate the clinical features and visual outcome of infectious keratitis associated with orthokeratology (Ortho-K) lens in Korean pediatric patients.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of patients diagnosed with Ortho-K lens-related infectious keratitis from June 2005 to April 2020 at a tertiary referral hospital. Patients’ demographics, clinical features, microbiological evaluation, and treatment methods were assessed, and factors related to final visual outcomes were analyzed.Results: The study included 26 eyes from 26 patients (19 female and 7 male patients; mean age, 11.9 years), with an average Ortho-K lens wear duration of 33.7 ± 21.2 months. The highest number of cases occurred in summer (11 of 26 cases, 42.3%). Central or paracentral corneal lesions were observed in 25 cases (96.2%), with a mean corneal epithelial defect size of 5.13 mm2. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most commonly isolated organism (n = 5), followed by Serratia marcescens (n = 4). All patients responded to medical treatment without needing surgical intervention. 72% of cases achieved favorable visual outcomes (Snellen best-corrected visual acuity [BCVA] >6 / 12), while 8% experienced severe visual impairment (Snellen BCVA ≤6 / 60) due to residual central corneal opacities. Multivariable analysis showed that non-summer seasons (p = 0.043), duration from symptom onset to presentation (p = 0.040), and corneal epithelial defect size (p = 0.002) were significantly associated with final logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution BCVA. Failed autorefraction at presentation due to an Ortho-K-related infectious keratitis lesion was a significant predictor of poor final visual outcome (Snellen BCVA ≤6 / 12; odds ratio, 38.995; p = 0.030).Conclusions: Ortho-K lens-related infectious keratitis can lead to permanent corneal opacities and potentially devastating visual outcomes in children. Delayed time to presentation, large corneal lesions, failure of autorefraction, and non-summer seasons were associated with poorer outcomes. Proper education and early detection would be key to safe use of orthokeratology lenses in pediatric patients.
PirA- or PirB-binding nanobodies can protect whiteleg shrimp from the acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease toxin
Authors: Cheung S , Loutet SA , Zaytsoff S , Van Petegem F , Tran LH , Abnousi H
Published: August 2024

Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) is a devastating shrimp disease caused by a binary toxin, PirAB, produced by Vibrio parahaemolyticus and other closely related bacteria. To address AHPND, over 300 unique single-domain antibodies (also known as nanobodies) derived from the VHH domains of Lama glama heavy-chain-only antibodies were raised against either PirA or PirB and characterized. Nanobodies were shortlisted based on their affinities for either PirA or PirB, their relative stability in intestinal fluids, and their ability to reduce PirAB-induced death in brine shrimp Artemia salina. From these data, a subset of nanobodies was tested for their ability to reduce AHPND in whiteleg shrimp Penaeus vannamei, and nanobodies targeting either PirA or PirB provided significant disease protection to whiteleg shrimp. These results show that nanobodies can be a new option for shrimp farmers to reduce or eliminate the impact of AHPND on their operations.
Phytoplankton community composition as a driver of annual autochthonous organic carbon dynamics in the northern coastal Baltic Sea
Authors: Uth C , Asmala E , Lewandowska AM
Published: August 2024

Phytoplankton are the major primary producers in the pelagic system. They greatly influence biogeochemical cycles but little is known about the importance of shifting phytoplankton community composition for carbon dynamics. This study investigates the impact of seasonal changes in coastal phytoplankton communities on pelagic carbon fluxes. A field sampling campaign, covering an annual cycle in primary production, was conducted to assess the seasonal changes of phytoplankton communities and relevant organic carbon parameters in the coastal Baltic Sea. The monitoring frequency ranged from 1 to 3 wk, adapted to match the seasonal phytoplankton blooms. In addition, sediment traps were deployed to determine the particulate carbon and nutrient export to the seafloor in every season. We found that the phytoplankton biomass during the spring bloom was as high as 550 µg C l-1 and was dominated by diatom species (88% of total phytoplankton biomass). In comparison, the more species-rich summer bloom reached a combined maximum biomass of 236 µg C l-1. However, the highest export flux of particulate organic carbon was found in the middle of August (561 mmol C m-2 d-1) and, not as expected, around the spring bloom in May (226 mmol C m-2 d-1), suggesting a high potential for carbon recycling within the pelagic food web rather than being exported to the seafloor or advected laterally. Our study emphasizes the importance of keystone species and diversity for carbon transport processes in marine coastal ecosystems and highlights complex relationships between phytoplankton biomass production, community composition and carbon dynamics.
Long Round-Trip Time Delay Effects on Performance of a Simulated Appendectomy Task
Authors: Kamine Tovy H. , Siu Margaret , Stegemann Scott , Formanek Arthur , Levin Dana
Published: August 2024

INTRODUCTION: No current astronauts have surgical training, and medical capabilities for future missions do not account for it. We sought to determine the effect of communication delays and text-based communication on emergency medicine physician (EMP) performance of a simulated surgical procedure and the ideal training paradigm for remote surgery.

METHODS: In this study, 12 EMPs performed an appendectomy on a virtual reality laparoscopic simulator after tutorial. EMPs were randomized into two groups: one (bedside) group performing with bedside directing from a surgeon and the second (remote) group performing with text-based communications relayed to the surgeon after a 210-s time delay. Both groups performed a second simulated surgery 7 mo later with 240-s delay. Collected data included time to completion, number of movements, path length, economy of motion, percentage of time with appropriate camera positioning, texts sent, and major complications.

RESULTS: The remote group took significantly longer to complete the task, used more total movements, had longer path length, and had significantly worse economy of motion during the initial trial. At the 7-mo simulation, there were no significant differences between the two groups. There was a nonsignificant increase in critical errors in the remote group at follow-up (50% vs. 20% of trials).

DISCUSSION: EMPs are technically able to perform a surgical operation with delayed just-in-time telementoring guidance via text-based communication. However, the ideal paradigm for training non-surgeons to perform surgical operations is unclear but is likely real-time bedside training rather than remote training.

Kamine TH, Siu M, Stegemann S, Formanek A, Levin D. Long round-trip time delay effects on performance of a simulated appendectomy task. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2024; 95(9):703–708.
Pilots’ Reactions to Different Types of Alerts When Using Head-Up Displays
Authors: Zheng Yiyuan , Lu Yanyu , Jie Yuwen , Fu Shan
Published: August 2024

INTRODUCTION: The benefits of using head-up displays (HUDs) include reducing head-down time during critical flight phases, enhancing awareness of the external environment, and improving in-flight crew performance. However, the monochromatic nature of HUDs, increased head rotation, and longer gaze movement paths might affect pilots’ reactions to different types of alerts.

METHODS: Pilot workload and behavior differences were examined between HUD and head-down display (HDD) configurations in three alert scenarios. The study was carried out in an A320 flight simulator and 12 pilots participated.

RESULTS: Except for one engine-on-fire scenario, pilot workload when using a HUD was significantly lower than using an HDD. In one engine-on-fire (3.98 s vs. 3.57 s) and one gear-disagree (5.42 s vs. 4.69 s) scenario, pilot response time to alerts using HUD was significantly longer than using an HDD. The angle deviations were significantly smaller when using HUDs in both go-around-under-crosswind (2.67° vs. 3.37°) and one engine-on-fire scenario (1.22° vs. 1.89°).

DISCUSSION: The HUD is suitable for a lengthy process of manual flight control inputs, which not only reduces workload but also promotes control accuracy. For tasks that rely on automation, the benefits for workload become less obvious. In addition, head rotation and reorientation of attention adversely affected the response time to non-time-critical warnings and cautions. For instantaneous control with high precision requirements, HUDs did not demonstrate a significant advantage.

Zheng Y, Lu Y, Jie Y, Fu S. Pilots’ reactions to different types of alerts when using head-up displays. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2024; 95(9):688–694.
A Case of Mauriac Syndrome Caused by Social Inequities in Healthcare: A Call to Action
Authors: Iglesias Steven , Dayal Noelle , Bansro Varinder , Akbari Sahra , Hannan Temur , Merhavy Zachary , Siddiqi Imran
Published: August 2024

Presented here is a case of Mauriac syndrome with persistent lactatemia in a 21-year-old female with a history of poor glycaemic control. Mauriac syndrome is a severe complication of Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) characterised by glycogen accumulation in the liver leading to hepatomegaly. Mauriac syndrome is considered to be a very rare and preventable complication due to better treatment options for T1DM. Most cases of Mauriac syndrome today involve children and adolescents who face socioeconomic inequities that prevent them from accessing adequate healthcare and affording insulin, as is the case with this patient. The combination of low health literacy, insulin unaffordability, and difficulty accessing healthcare for her chronic condition all contributed to her poorly controlled T1DM. It has been well established that insulin has become difficult to afford for insulin-dependent patients. An alarming one out of four insulin-dependent patients have rationed their doses due to the high cost of insulin. Progress has been made to cap the price of insulin at 35 USD to prevent price-gouging for certain populations in the USA but not all. Young patients with poorly controlled T1DM and low socioeconomic status require higher levels of social support and public health intervention to prevent serious complications of T1DM such as Mauriac syndrome.
Lineage Conflict: Rejection of Feminist Identity Noble Women in The Movie Avatar The Last Airbender 2024
Authors: Rediva Novalisty  , Anas Ahmadi
Published: August 2024

The imbalance in gender recognition between women and men has encouraged the feminist movement which emphasizes the recognition of feminist identity. Feminist identity upholds women's culture and values ​​as distinctive characteristics. However, the feminist movement was not completely successful, women still often live in the shadow of men's expectations. This causes women to abandon their identity and adapt the value of inclusion. The research method is qualitative descriptive using listening and note-taking techniques. The problem related to the depiction of women with the adaptation of masculinity in the film Avatar The Last Airbender focuses on noble female characters. The aim is to describe the representation of rejection of female feminist identity in the character Azula in the film. The research results show that Azula's rejection of her feminist identity is due to her ambition to control the throne and fulfill the expectations of the criteria for a leader given by her father. Azula adapts masculinity values ​​from the way she dresses, her favorite choices which mostly emphasize muscles and strength, her interest in political aspects and warfare, and her aggressive nature. Azula's character is a breakthrough for the stereotype of a noble princess who must be gentle and full of love. On the other hand, Azula emphasizes strength, ambition, and a strong desire to defeat.
Keywords: feminist identity, feminism, masculinity
Design principles for molecular animation
Authors: Jantzen Stuart G. , McGill Gaël , Jenkinson Jodie
Published: August 2024

Molecular visualization is a powerful way to represent the complex structure of molecules and their higher order assemblies, as well as the dynamics of their interactions. Although conventions for depicting static molecular structures and complexes are now well established and guide the viewer’s attention to specific aspects of structure and function, little attention and design classification has been devoted to how molecular motion is depicted. As we continue to probe and discover how molecules move - including their internal flexibility, conformational changes and dynamic associations with binding partners and environments - we are faced with difficult design challenges that are relevant to molecular visualizations both for the scientific community and students of cell and molecular biology. To facilitate these design decisions, we have identified twelve molecular animation design principles that are important to consider when creating molecular animations. Many of these principles pertain to misconceptions that students have primarily regarding the agency of molecules, while others are derived from visual treatments frequently observed in molecular animations that may promote misconceptions. For each principle, we have created a pair of molecular animations that exemplify the principle by depicting the same content in the presence and absence of that design approach. Although not intended to be prescriptive, we hope this set of design principles can be used by the scientific, education, and scientific visualization communities to facilitate and improve the pedagogical effectiveness of molecular animation.
International overview of sea turtle fibropapillomatosis: a survey of expert opinions and trends
Authors: Whilde Jenny , Mashkour Narges , Koda Samantha A. , Eastman Catherine B. , Thompson Drew , Burkhalter Brooke , Frandsen Hilary R. , Page Annie , Blackburn Nicholas B. , Jones Karina , Ariel Ellen , Dupont Sophie M. , Wood Lawrence , Duffy David J.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Marine environments offer a wealth of opportunities to improve understanding and treatment options for cancers, through insights into a range of fields from drug discovery to mechanistic insights. By applying One Health principles the knowledge obtained can benefit both human and animal populations, including marine species suffering from cancer. One such species is green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas), which are under threat from fibropapillomatosis (FP), an epizootic tumor disease (animal epidemic) that continues to spread and increase in prevalence globally. In order to effectively address this epizootic, a more thorough understanding is required of the prevalence of the disease and the approaches to treating afflicted turtles.

Methods

To identify knowledge gaps and assess future needs, we conducted a survey of sea turtle FP experts. The survey consisted of 47 questions designed to assess general perceptions of FP, the areas where more information is needed, local FP trends, the disease status, and mitigation needs, and was voluntarily completed by 44 experts across a broad geographic range.

Results

Over 70% of respondents both recognized FP as a cancerous panzootic disease, and reported that FP is increasing in prevalence. They report several factors contributing to this increase. Nearly all of the respondents reported that FP research, patient treatment and rehabilitation required more funding in their area, and reported inadequate facilities and capacity for dealing with FP patients. Treatment approaches varied: just over 70% of the medical experts that responded surgically remove FP tumors, either using laser or scalpel. Just under half of respondents use anti-cancer drugs in their treatment of FP. Internal tumors were reported as justification for euthanasia by 61.5% of respondents, and 30.8% reported severe external tumors to be sufficient grounds for euthanasia. Most medical respondents (93.3%) routinely perform necropsy on deceased or euthanized FP-afflicted turtles. Over 80% of respondents considered large-scale multidisciplinary collaboration ‘extremely important’ for advancing the field of FP research.

Discussion

The survey responses provide a valuable insight into the current status of FP in sea turtles, FP treatment, rehabilitation and research, and help to identify critical FP-related areas most in need of attention.
Ultra-short laser processing of 3D bioceramic, porous scaffolds designed by freeze foaming method for orthopedic applications
Authors: Daskalova Albena , Ahlhelm Matthias , Angelova Liliya , Filipov Emil , Avdeev Georgi , Tatchev Dragomir , Fernandes Maria-Helena , Vig Sanjana , Buchvarov Ivan
Published: August 2024

Bone substitutes are widely employed for applications in orthopedic surgery for the replacement of injured bone. Among the diverse methods that are used to design 3D bioceramic matrices, Freeze Foaming has gained attention, since it provides the ability to tune the shape of the created structures. One of the major problems related to these constructs is the lack of porosity at the outwards sides (holder) of the scaffold, thus reducing the cellular affinity and creating a rejection of the implant. In this research, we aimed to develop a bone scaffold with enhanced surface properties and improved cellular affinity. The main aim was to alter the biocompatibility characteristics of the 3D bioceramic constructs. We have produced three-dimensional, complex-shaped hollow shell structures, manufactured by Additive Manufacturing processes and as a second step, filled with a ceramic suspension by the Freeze-Foaming process. 3D constructs from HAP-derived TCP and TCP/ZrO2 were synthesized by freeze-foaming method and subsequently irradiated with a fs-laser (λ = 800 nm) spanning a range of parameters for achievement of optimal surface processing conditions. The designed scaffolds demonstrated enhanced topographical properties with improved porosity examined by SEM, EDX, and 3D profilometry after laser treatment. Wettability and computer tomography (CT) evaluation was also performed. The results from X-ray diffraction (XRD) and micro-Raman analysis did not show photochemical and surface or volume defects and changes after laser processing of the ceramic samples. Preliminary results from MG-63 osteoblast-like cell tests showed good cell affinity on the processed surfaces and no cytotoxic effect on the cells.
Development and validation of a novel high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the detection of related substances of pralsetinib, a new anti-lung cancer drug
Authors: Zhu Yonghong , Qin Jisu , Wu Wenyi , Cai Liangliang
Published: August 2024

Background

Pralsetinib, a targeted inhibitor of the RET enzyme, plays a critical role in the treatment of adult patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) characterized by RET gene fusion mutations following platinum-based chemotherapy. Nevertheless, impurities resulting from the manufacturing and degradation of pralsetinib have the potential to impact its therapeutic effectiveness and safety profile.

Methods

To address this issue, a liquid chromatography method was developed and validated for the specific identification of pralsetinib and its related impurities. The separation of pralsetinib and its related impurities was achieved via a Waters X Bridge C18 column with dimensions of 4.6 mm × 250 mm and a particle size of 5 μm. Mobile phase A was composed of 20 mmol/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4) and acetonitrile (ACN) at a volume ratio of 19:1, while mobile phase B consisted solely of ACN, utilizing a gradient elution technique. Detection was performed at a wavelength of 260 nm, with an injection volume of 10 μL and a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min.

Results

The chromatographic method established in this study was validated according to the ICH Q2 (R1) guidelines. The method demonstrated excellent linearity over a specific concentration range (imp-A: 0.035–10.21 μg/mL; imp-B: 0.09–10.16 μg/mL; imp-C: 0.15–10.19 μg/mL; pralsetinib: 0.04–10.32 μg/mL). Additionally, the method possesses high sensitivity, with detection limits for impurities A, B, C, and pralsetinib of 0.01, 0.03, 0.015, and 0.013 μg/mL, respectively, and quantification limits of 0.035, 0.09, 0.05, and 0.04 μg/mL, respectively. In terms of specificity, stability, repeatability, accuracy, and robustness, the method met the validation acceptance criteria. Overall, the chromatographic technique established in this study can effectively separate pralsetinib and its impurities, providing reliable assurance for the accurate detection and quantification of impurities.

Conclusion

The chromatographic method developed in this study can be utilized for the detection of pralsetinib and its impurities, offering a crucial reference for research on the quality of pralsetinib.
Analysis of ecological prevention and control technology for expansive soil slope
Authors: Tao Wenbing , Wen Yingwen , Bian Xia , Ren Zhilin , Xu Long , Wang Fei , Zheng Hu
Published: August 2024

For the expansion soil slope in the JiangHuai area before the disposal of the neglect of expansion of the weak defects and slope disposal after the poor long-term stability of the current situation. This study investigates the ability of ecological slope protection technology to cope with the destabilizing geohazard of expansive soil slopes. Analyzing the collapse reasons of weak expansive soil slopes in the JiangHuai region based on the reinforcement project of expansive soil slopes along highways in the JiangHuai region, combined with actual engineering research, a “storage-resistance” water regulation ecological prevention and control technology is proposed. The feasibility and sustainability of the ecological slope protection technology is discussed in terms of its principles and influencing factors, and the protection effect is verified by combining numerical simulation and field test methods. Research findings suggest that the “storage-resistance” technology effectively prevents rainwater infiltration, particularly under light rain conditions, with continuous blocking capability. Under rainstorm conditions, it can prevent infiltration for about 4 h, significantly enhancing slope stability. Slope rate variations show no significant impact on reinforced slope stability, with maximum deformation occurring at the slope’s foot after rainfall. Reinforcement plans should prioritize strengthening support at the slope’s base. Proper selection and optimization of technical parameters can lead to more economical and sustainable solutions while extending protection time. Field trials confirm the suitability of the “storage and blocking” water regulation ecological control technology for the JiangHuai region, particularly where light rain prevails. These findings suggest that ecological control techniques for expansive soil slopes can effectively regulate slope moisture changes and reduce the geohazard risk of expansive soil slope instability.
Characteristics of summer drought circulation and the synergistic effect of multiple factors in the Northern drought-prone belt of China
Authors: Yang Jinhu , Zhang Qiang , Wang Pengling , Yue Ping , Li Yiping , Liang Zhuoqi , Liu Xiaoyun
Published: August 2024

Drought, which is severe and recurring in Northern China, is the most significant meteorological disaster on a worldwide scale. However, a definitive conclusion has not yet been reached on the multi-scale drought features in Northern China under a warming context. Drought is affected by several circulation-related variables and a deeper scientific comprehension of their synergistic effects is required. This research addresses the spatiotemporal aspects of summer drought and its causes in the northern drought-prone belt of China (NDPB), based on meteorological observation and data reanalysis. The primary findings indicate that the NDPB is very vulnerable to drought, with the uniform mode being the region’s most significant spatial mode associated with summer droughts. Inter-annual variations are the primary cause of the summer drought in the NDPB when considering multi-scale changes. Regional drought has typically declined during this century because of the effect of multi-decadal scale changes, which cannot be disregarded. Considering the circulation background field, during summer drought years in the NDPB, the South Asian high is weaker and moves eastward, while the high-level westerly jet is weaker and more northerly. From Lake Baikal to Northern China, there is an anomalous anticyclonic circulation, and the mid-level subtropical high in the western Pacific is more southerly and easterly. As a result, the NDPB is governed by the unusual northerly circulation. The Mongolian and northeastern surface cyclone activity is decreasing, the low-level warm and humid airflow is feeble, and the NDPB is not experiencing anomalous water vapor transport. In the high-, middle-, and low-level arrangement, the NDPB circulations diverge at low levels and converge at high levels—unusual sinking in the vertical field results in regular droughts. Multiple circulation parameters on inter-annual, inter-decadal, and multi-decadal scales interact synergistically to impact summer droughts in NDPB. However, the synergistic elements that mainly impact various timescales differ. They are primarily influenced by northerly circulation, westerly winds, and the combined effect of the South Asian summer monsoon on inter-annual timescales. The combined impact of the upper westerly winds, northerly circulation, and East Asian, South Asian, and plateau summer monsoons significantly influences their inter-decadal timescales. The westerly winds, northerly circulation, and East Asian, plateau summer monsoons are the primary multi-decadal factors.
Influence factors of ecological environment in Wanjiang River Basin based on RSEI and CASA models
Authors: Wang Han , Zhang Yu , Jia Yong , Zhang Qianfeng , Yuan Jing , Yuan Qiuyan
Published: August 2024

In this paper, the original RSEI model (including greenness index, humidity index, heat index and dryness index) and their contribution rate (%) are used to evaluate the change of ecological environment. To study how natural and anthropogenic changes in ecological environment affect ecosystem function and how these factors interact, CASA model was used to estimate the correlation between the net primary productivity of vegetation (NPP), population density and land use. This could reveal the influence factors of ecological environment change in the Wanjiang River Basin from 2000 to 2022. The results show that the combing RSEI and CASA models can effectively show the spatial-temporal variation and spatial distribution of NPP of vegetation in Wanjiang Basin. During this period, RSEI of the basin showed an overall upward trend, and the RSEI increased by about 0.1/10 a. The vegetation productivity in most areas was gradually improved, the ecological environment was restored, and the ecological environment quality was gradually improved. The average annual NPP simulated by CASA was 266.81 g C·m-2·a-1. The variation trend of NPP in vegetation showed a slight decrease, but the overall NPP level was basically unchanged. There is a significant correlation between NPP and population density, a negative correlation between NPP and population density areas such as city centers, and a positive correlation between NPP and population density in areas with frequent agricultural activities. From 2010 to 2020, there is a significant positive correlation between population density and land use.
Case report: Clinical, genetic and immunological characterization of a novel XK variant in a patient with McLeod syndrome
Authors: Dambietz Christine Anna , Doescher Andrea , Heming Michael , Schirmacher Anja , Schlüter Bernhard , Schulte-Mecklenbeck Andrea , Thomas Christian , Wiendl Heinz , Meyer zu Hörste Gerd , Wiethoff Sarah
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Pathogenic variants in the XK gene are associated with dysfunction or loss of XK protein leading to McLeod syndrome (MLS), a rare X-linked neuroacanthocytosis syndrome with multisystemic manifestation. Here we present clinical, genetic and immunological data on a patient originally admitted to our clinic for presumed post-COVID-19 syndrome, where thorough clinical work-up revealed a novel frameshift deletion in XK causal for the underlying phenotype. We additionally review the clinicogenetic spectrum of reported McLeod cases in the literature.

Methods: We performed in-depth clinical characterization and flow cytometry of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in a patient where multi-gene panel sequencing identified a novel hemizygous frameshift deletion in XK. Additionally, Kell (K) and Cellano (k) antigen expression was analysed by Fluorescence-activated Cell Sorting (FACS). KEL gene expression was examined by RNA sequencing.

Results: A novel hemizygous frameshift deletion in the XK gene resulting in premature termination of the amino acid chain was identified in a 46-year old male presenting with decrease in physical performance and persisting fatigue after COVID-19 infection. Examinations showed raised creatine kinase (CK) levels, neuropathy and clinical features of myopathy. FACS revealed the K-k+ blood type and reduced Cellano density. CSF flow cytometry showed elevation of activated T Cells.

Conclusion: In-depth clinical, genetic, immunological and ribonucleic acid (RNA) expression data revealed axonal neuropathy, myopathy and raised levels of activated CSF-T-lymphocytes in a patient with a previously unpublished frameshift deletion in the XK gene.
Brief research report: WGCNA-driven identification of histone modification genes as potential biomarkers in AQP4-Associated optic neuritis
Authors: Cao Yuan , Yao Wen , Chen Fang
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Neuromyelitis Optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an autoimmune disease characterized by anti-aquaporin-4 (AQP4) auto-antibodies. The discovery of antibodies AQP4 and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) has expanded our understanding of the pathogenesis of neuromyelitis optica. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the disease, particularly AQP4-associated optic neuritis (AQP4-ON), remain to be fully elucidated.

Methods

In this study, we utilized Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) to investigate the transcriptomic profiles of peripheral blood samples from patients with AQP4-ON and MOG-positive optic neuritis (MOG-ON), compared to healthy controls.

Results

WGCNA revealed a brown module (ME brown) strongly associated with AQP4-ON, which correlated positively with post-onset visual acuity decline. A total of 132 critical genes were identified, mainly involved in histone modification and microtubule dynamics. Notably, genes HDAC4, HDAC7, KDM6A, and KDM5C demonstrated high AUC values in ROC analysis, indicating their potential as biomarkers for AQP4-ON.

Conclusion

Our findings provide novel insights into the molecular signature of AQP4-ON and highlight the potential of systems biology approaches in identifying biomarkers for NMOSD. The identified histone modification genes warrant further investigation for their role in disease pathogenesis and as therapeutic targets.
Humoral and cellular immunity in response to an in silico-designed multi-epitope recombinant protein of Theileria annulata
Authors: Abid Asadullah , Khalid Ambreen , Suleman Muhammad , Akbar Haroon , Hafeez Mian Abdul , Khan Jawaria Ali , Rashid Muhammad Imran
Published: August 2024

Tropical theileriosis is a lymphoproliferative disease caused by Theileria annulata and is transmitted by Ixodid ticks of the genus Hyalomma. It causes significant losses in livestock, especially in exotic cattle. The existing methods for controlling it, chemotherapeutic agents and a vaccine based on an attenuated schizont stage parasite, have several limitations. A promising solution to control this disease is the use of molecular vaccines based on potential immunogenic proteins of T. annulata. For this purpose, we selected five antigenic sequences of T. annulata, i.e. SPAG-1, Tams, TaSP, spm2, and Ta9. These were subjected to epitope prediction for cytotoxic T lymphocytes, B-cells, and helper T lymphocytes. CTL and B-cell epitopes with a higher score whereas those of HTL with a lower score, were selected for the construct. A single protein was constructed using specific linkers and evaluated for high antigenicity and low allergenicity. The construct was acidic, hydrophobic, and thermostable in nature. Secondary and tertiary structures of this construct were drawn using the PSIPRED and RaptorX servers, respectively. A Ramachandran plot showed a high percentage of residues in this construct in favorable, allowed, and general regions. Molecular docking studies suggested that the complex was stable and our construct could potentially be a good candidate for immunization trials. Furthermore, we successfully cloned it into the pET-28a plasmid and transformed it into the BL21 strain. A restriction analysis was performed to confirm the transformation of our plasmid. After expression and purification, recombinant protein of 49 kDa was confirmed by western blotting. An ELISA detected increased specific antibody levels in the sera of the immunized animals compared with the control group, and flow cytometric analysis showed a stronger cell-mediated immune response. We believe our multi-epitope recombinant protein has the potential for the large-scale application for disease prevention globally in the bovine population. This study will act as a model for similar parasitic challenges.