bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fleetite, Cu2RhIrSb2, a New Species of Platinum-Group Mineral from the Miass Placer Zone, Southern Urals, Russia
Authors: Barkov Andrei Y. , Bindi Luca , Tamura Nobumichi , Martin Robert F. , Ma Chi , Winkler Björn , Shvedov Gennadiy I. , Morgenroth Wolfgang
Published: June 2021

Fleetite, Cu2RhIrSb2, a new species of platinum-group mineral (PGM), was discovered intergrown with an Os–Ir–Ru alloy in the Miass Placer Zone (Au–PGE), southern Urals, Russia. A single grain 50 μm across was found. Osmium, ruthenium, and iridium are the main associated minerals; also present are Pt–Fe alloys, laurite, Sb-rich irarsite, Rh-rich tolovkite, kashinite, anduoite, ferronickelplatinum, heazlewoodite, PGE-bearing pentlandite and digenite, as well as micrometric inclusions of forsterite (Fo93.7), chromite–magnesiochromite, and Mg-rich edenite. In reflected light, fleetite is light gray; it is opaque, isotropic, non-pleochroic, and non-bireflectant. We report reflectance values measured in air. A mean of seven point-analyses (wavelength-dispersive spectrometry) gave Cu 13.93, Ni 8.60, Fe 0.10, Ir 28.07, Rh 7.91, Ru 1.96, Sb 39.28, total 99.85 wt.%, corresponding to (Cu1.41Ni0.58Fe0.01)Σ2.00(Rh0.49Ni0.36Ru0.12)Σ0.97Ir0.95Sb2.08 on the basis of six atoms per formula unit, taking into account the structural results. The calculated density is 10.83 g/cm3. Single-crystal X-ray studies show that fleetite is cubic, space group Fdm (#227), a = 11.6682(8) Å, V = 1588.59(19) Å3, and Z = 16. A least-squares refinement of X-ray powder-diffraction data gave a = 11.6575(5) Å and V = 1584.22(19) Å3. The strongest five reflections in the powder pattern [d in Å(I)(hkl)] are: 6.70(75)(111), 4.13(100)(220), 3.52(30)(311), 2.380(50)(422), 2.064(40)(440). Results of synchrotron micro-Laue diffraction experiments are consistent [a = 11.66(2) Å]. The crystal structure of fleetite was solved and refined to R = 0.0340 based upon 153 reflections with Fo > 4σ(Fo). It is isotypic with Pd11Bi2Se2 and best described as intermetallic, with all metal atoms in 12-fold coordination. Fleetite and other late exotic phases were formed by reaction of the associated alloy phases with a fluid phase enriched in Sb, As, and S in circulation in the cooling ophiolite source-rock. The mineral is named after Michael E. Fleet (1938–2017) in recognition of his significant contributions to the Earth Sciences.
Assess the Knowledge, Utilization Barrier of Non-Utilization Regarding Maternal Health Services
Authors: Sonu  , Akoijam Mamata Devi  , Anu Grover  , Deepak
Published: June 2021

Background: Maternal health services refer to the promotive, preventive, curative and rehabilitative care of mothers. Antenatal care is the care of women during pregnancy the main aim of care is to achieve at the end a healthy baby from healthy mother. Antenatal mothers should be educated regarding regular antenatal checkups, diet, personal hygiene, adequate rest, sleep, exercise, immunization, warning signs of pregnancy and child care. Methods: Descriptive study to assess the knowledge, barriers of non- utilization regarding Maternal Health services. The data was collected using structured knowledge questionnaire and utilization and barriers to non-utilization checklist from 60 postnatal mothers up to 3 months after delivery.Result: The study result showed that women 78.34% had average knowledge and 21.66% had good knowledge regarding maternal health services. Social barriers for non-utilization were family pressure, shyness, poor transportation and illiteracy. Economic barriers for non-utilization were health expenditure perceived as waste, unemployment, low socio economic status and large family size respectively. Cultural barriers for non-utilization were lack of formal education and religious practices respectively, family members disapproved superstition. There was no significant association between knowledge, utilization and barrier on non-utilization of maternal health services and selected demographic variables.Conclusion: The study concluded that postnatal mothers had average knowledge and there is need to create awareness on maternal health services launched by the government of India. Low socioeconomic condition, early marriage and pregnancy, inappropriate antenatal health check-up, and cultural taboos were significant factors affecting the satisfactory utilization of services among mothers. Hence, there is a need to emphasize on utilization and eradicate barriers related to non-utilization of maternal health services
A Critical Appraisal of Ethical issues in E-Learning
Authors: Anjankar A J  , Mohite P M  , ,Waghmode A  , Patond S  , Ninave S
Published: June 2021

Covid-19 pandemic left a long lasting impact on entire education sector, as an estimated 90% of educational institutions closed down in at least 188 countries in the world and offline traditional teaching came to a standstill. In such critical situation pedagogical innovations in form of online education, virtual simulators etc came to rescue to keep the students academically occupied and motivated entering into the virtual era.With advent of online education, several issues like social, infrastructural & pedagogical and psychological issues came to fore. Social divide, geographical issues, technical support and know how etc added to the gravity of situation. Educationists also pointed out that ethical issues in e-learning like academic dishonesty, plagiarism and copyright violations need to be addressed.The present work is an attempt to find out various ethical issues in online education and to make suggestions, where ever required.
Asosiasi Adversity Quotient dengan Hasil Belajar Matematika Peserta Didik Jenjang SMP
Authors: Huda Nurul , Damar Damar
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a relationship between the students' adversity questions and the mathematics learning outcomes. This type of research is a quantitative research with correlational techniques. The research sample that was selected randomly to 50 students. The instrument to measure the adversity quotient variable used a questionnaire with a Likert scale and the variable instrument of mathematics learning outcomes used a multiple-choice form test, that had been tested for validity and reliability. The requirements test performed showed normal analysis results (Lilliefors test) and homogeneous (Fisher's test). The regression linearity test results of the regression line equation ?=1,947+0,795X. The test results used product trials when the r=0,605 was obtained. Reinforced the degree of significance with the test obtained the tvalue=5,267>2,01=ttable. This research conclusion that there is a significant positive relationship between adversity quotient and mathematics learning outcomes of seventh grade students at SMP Negeri 4 Cikarang Selatan with a contribution of 36,6%.
Tantangan Belajar-Mengajar Kalkulus: Studi Naratif pada Gaya Kognitif dan Self-Confidence Calon Guru
Authors: Suyanto Agus
Published: June 2021

In the 21st century, it was introduced with sains, technology, engineering mathematics (STEM). Routine aspects of current teaching practice have little time to discuss the basic concepts of calculus, while teacher competence in learning has a long-term effect on students. The purpose of this study was to determine how the challenges of teaching and learning calculus prospective teachers based on cognitive style and self-confidence. This research uses a qualitative approach, a narrative perspective, and a descriptive design. The research sample was selected purposively from seven prospective teachers in a university. Data were collected using the group embedded figures test (GEFT) for the category of cognitive style types, self-confidence questionnaires, and interviews regarding teaching and learning challenges. The result of the research is that the challenge of teaching and learning is a factor that arises due to mastery of mathematical content, pedagogical competence, experiencing anxiety, and learning experiences in mathematics class.
Biotechnologies in the formation of the human civilization’s postindustrial shape
Authors:   Department of Management, Vladimir Branch of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Lachinina Tatiana A. , Chistyakov Maksim S. ,   Vladimir Branch of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration
Published: June 2021

The article, in the format of a brief excursion, examines biotechnologies from the standpoint of their highly technological status, as well as their impact on the further development of world society. The review is built in the perspective of considering the convergence of biotechnology in various spheres of human life. A brief historical background of the formation of biotechnology as a science and as a field of applied production capabilities is given.
Systemic issues and evolution of institutional conditions for innovations in Russia
Authors:   ntral Economics and Mathematics Institute of Russian Academy of Science (, Nikonova Alla A.
Published: June 2021

The paper presents the study of evolution of institutional framework for innovation development of the Russian economy to demonstrate country has not carried out a qualitative leap. This stems not only from deficiencies in funding arrangements and economic incentives, but mainly from a number of unresolved institutional issues. The author finds out the root of evil in the not systemic reforming of the country and in ignoring the essential features of the socio-economic system when creating an enabling institution environment to innovate in Russia. Using comparative methods to assess both the efforts to improve innovation and entrepreneurial environment and the results of their implementation we quantified positive and negative changes in the conditions to innovate in 2012–2016. However, relative deterioration is revealed in the pool of almost all indicators characterizing the impact of innovative developments on the Russian economy in dynamics. The findings include the reasons for such discrepancies – fragmentation of activities to improve the environment to innovate that is not systemic transformation of environment to innovate.
Evolution of planning on the path to the new industrial society of the second generation
Authors:   Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Kozlov Vyacheslav V.
Published: June 2021

The work is based on modern ideas about the mutually dependent development of organizations created by people, with changes in the worldview of these people, and is based on the theory of systems. In historical retrospect, the development of the most common methodologies for planning the activities of organizations, industries and states is revealed. It is shown that it is wrong to oppose a planned economy to a market economy, since it is impossible in market conditions without planning. The key problems of intellectual development of people on the way to transition to a New industrial society of the Second generation are revealed (NIO. 2). Approaches have been developed to overcome these problems and plan the necessary actions.
Development of regulatory framework for planning in the Russian Federation
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Shafranskaya Anastasia M.
Published: June 2021

The article shows the evolution of legislative regulation in the field of strategic planning in the Russian Federation. The sequence of the adoption of regulatory legal acts in the field of planning, as well as amendments to the existing legislation is analyzed. The characteristics of the state planning system in terms of its budgetary support are given, methodological recommendations of the relevant ministries are considered. The article draws conclusions about the need for the development and legislative consolidation of methods for coordinating strategic and budget planning at all levels of interdependent areas of state planning, as well as reducing the number of planning documents that must be adopted. An assumption is made about the need to consolidate in the legal field responsibility for non-execution of strategic planning documents. The construction of the planning system should be continued, focusing on the opinion of the expert community, as well as on domestic and foreign experience.
TD 2658 - Quão Efetivo é um Benefício de Cobertura de Hiato da Pobreza em um Contexto de Informalidade e Volatilidade de Renda? O caso do Programa Bolsa Família
Authors: Paiva Luis Henrique , Bartholo Letícia , Sousa Marconi Fernandes de
Published: June 2021

O trabalho busca avaliar o desempenho de um benefício de cobertura do hiato de pobreza (top-up benefit) – o Benefício de Superação da Extrema Pobreza (BSP) do Programa Bolsa Família (PBF) –, quando comparado a um benefício de valor fixo, na redução da extrema pobreza. Baseando-se nos dados de 2019 da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD) Contínua do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), comparou-se o modelo vigente de benefícios (que tem no BSP sua principal estratégia para redução da extrema pobreza) com um modelo simulado de PBF, no qual há apenas um benefício de valor fixo, pago a todos os extremamente pobres e às crianças pobres do programa, ambos com o mesmo orçamento total. O desempenho do BSP parece ser marginalmente superior ao benefício de valor fixo, mas a diferença não é estatisticamente significante. A extrema pobreza observada (medida pela linha inferior de elegibilidade do PBF, de R$ 89 per capita/mês) foi, em 2019, de 4,1% e seria de 4,3%, caso o programa tivesse um único benefício de valor fixo. Essa vantagem também foi observada para as demais medidas Foster-Greer-Thorbecke (FGT), mas também com resultados não significantes.
RESEARCH ON PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT AND SIMULATION OF CIVIL AIR DEFENSE PPP PROJECTS USING SYSTEM DYNAMICS
Authors: Tang Lingyi , Yue Yibo , Xiahou Xiaer , Tang Shi , Li Qiming
Published: June 2021

Public Private Partnership (PPP) mode is increasingly applied in civil air defense (CAD) projects to improve project quality and reduce the government’s financial pressure. Because CAD project has different attributes during wartime and peacetime states, it’s necessary to comprehensively consider the project performance under different states to conduct scientific performance measurement. This paper focuses on the process of construction, operation, and handover of CAD PPP project to construct a unified project performance measurement indicator system, then a system dynamics (SD) model is established to carry out dynamic performance measurement and simulation of CAD PPP project under different social states respectively. A case study is conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed SD model, model validation, sensitivity analysis and result analysis were included as well. The study result can make the project performance management of CAD PPP more scientific and reasonable, and help decision-makers to formulate effective performance improvement strategies. It’s found out that government plays an important role in CAD PPP projects, when resources are limited, the government should give priority to measures such as reducing tax rates and increasing subsidies to ensure project benefits. The research methods can also provide reference for performance measurement of other PPP projects.
The Dwarf Nova V893 Sco Does Not Have a Giant Planet
Authors: Schaefer Bradley E. , Hambsch Franz-Josef
Published: June 2021

V893 Sco is an ordinary dwarf nova, with a narrow eclipse that allows for exact timings of minima. These eclipse times have been used to seek variations (compared to a linear ephemeris) by placement onto a traditional O − C diagram. Bruch collected 114 eclipse times from 1999 to 2013, and noted that the residuals in his O − C diagram had an apparent sinusoidal variation with a period of 10.2 yr. After rejecting a variety of possibilities, Bruch settled on the explanation that the binary was orbited by a planet with the mass of 9.5 Jupiters. We have tested this planet proposal by extending the O − C curve to 2014 and 2020–2021. For this, we measured 987 eclipse times in 2014 with the K2 mission, plus we measured 305 eclipse times in 2020 and 2021 with a remotely controlled observatory in the Atacama. We find that the O − C curve suffers a sharp break (from Bruch’s sinewave) to a shorter period after 2013. Thus, the planet-hypothesis has failed.
High genotypic diversity of Rhinoviruses obtained from Tunisian children with severe acute respiratory infection
Authors: Haddad-Boubaker Sondes , Mefteh Khaoula , Mejri Chaima , Bouaffsoun Aida , El Moussi Awatef , Boutiba Ilhem , Mnif Khaled , Slim Amin , Kechrid Amel , Smaoui Hanen
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Rhinoviruses (HRV) are among the leading causes of Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (SARI). Their burden and genetic diversity vary from one region to another and little is known in Northern African regions. This study describes epidemiological patterns and genotypic diversity of HRV in SARI cases during a two and half year’s study, in Northern Tunisia.

Methodology: A total of 271 SARI cases, admitted into the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of Bechir Hamza Children's Hospital in Tunis, were collected between September 2015 and December 2017. The investigation concerned 104 samples positive for HRV and/or HEV (Human Enterovirus) obtained among these cases. Specific HRV and HEV detections were assessed by real-time PCRs. The HRV molecular typing was based on the VP4-VP2 genomic region analyses.

Results: Among the viral SARI cases, 33.5% and 12.3% were positive for HRV and HEV respectively. Molecular investigations showed high prevalence of HRV-A (63.3%) followed by HRV-C (30.6%) and HRV-B (6.1%) and high genotypic diversity with 27 types. HRV cases were mostly detected in toddlers younger than 6 months. A total of 16 cases (28%) were found with bacterial and/or viral co-infection. HRV-C infection and HRV-A with bacterial co-infection were associated with complicated infection. Some of the detected types showed a continuous circulation or turnover during an extended period. HRV-A101 and HRV-C45 were the most frequently detected types.

Conclusions: This study revealed, for the first time, the high HRV diversity in Tunisia, a North-African region. Specific phylogenetic investigations may help to evaluate their diversity and to trace their spread and epidemiological origin.
Trends of Epidemiological and Demographic Indicators of COVID-19 in India
Authors: Gupta Manoj Kumar , Bhardwaj Pankaj , Goel Akhil Dhanesh , Saurabh Suman , Misra Sanjeev
Published: June 2021

Introduction: This study was planned to assess the trends of epidemiological indicators and demographic determinants related to the COVID-19 in India.

Methodology: This was a descriptive analysis of the COVID-19 cases and their outcomes between 1st March to 31st May 2020 in India. Unpaired t-test and ANOVA were used to determine the statistical differences. Linear regression models were prepared to estimate the effect of testing on the fatalities. The Infection Fatality Rate (IFR)/Case Fatality Rate (CFR), doubling time, and Basic Reproduction Number (R0) per week were calculated.

Results: Two-thirds of the cases were between 21-50 years of age, while three-fourth of deaths were among people above 50-years of age. The mean age of people infected with COVID-19 was declining throughout the study period. The mean age of infected males and females was significantly different. The male-female ratio of both infection and deaths due to COVID-19 was near about 2:1. IFR/CFR was 3.31 (95% CI = 3.13-3.50) in April, which reduced to 2.84 (95% CI = 2.77-2.92) in May. An incremental trend was observed in the recovery rates (9.42% to 48.18%), tests conducted / million population (12 / million to 2708 / million) and doubling time (3.59 to 17.71 days). The number of tests was significantly influencing the fatalities (β = 0.016, 95% CI = 0.012-0.020). The overall R0 was found to be 1.72.

Conclusions: Public health interventions were likely effective in containing the spread of COVID-19. There is a need to further improve the testing capacity. The high-risk category of individuals being prioritized for hospital admission should be redefined to include individuals older than 50 years.
Determinants of Multi-drug resistant Tuberculosis in four treatment centers of Eastern Amhara, Ethiopia: A case-control study
Authors: Oumer Nuredin , Atnafu Desta Debalkie , Worku Getasew Taddesse , Tsehay Asmamaw Ketemaw
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Tuberculosis is the major global burden of disease contributing about 2% of the global challenges. Poor tuberculosis treatment increased risk of multi-drug resistance tuberculosis occurence. Thus, we aimed to identify determinants of mult-drug resistant tuberclosis in treatment centers of Eastern Amhara, Ethiopia.

Methodology: Facility based unmatched case-control study was employed in East Amhara, Ethiopia. Cases were tuberculosis patients confirmed for mult-drug resistant tuberclosis while controls were tuberculosis patients with confirmed tuberculosis but susceptible to first line drugs. Respondents were selected using simple random sampling technique. Bivariable and multivariable analysis was conducted to identify diterminants at level of statistical significance p < 0.05.

Results: We enrolled 450 tuberculosis patients. Rural residents (AOR = 3, 95% CI: 1.4-6.0; p = 0.024), family size greater than five (AOR = 3.7, 95% CI: 1.6–8.6; p = 0.0098), having single room (AOR = 4.1, 95% CI:1.8-9.0; p = 0.027), room without window (AOR = 3.8, 95% CI: 1.6-8.5); p = 0.043), contact history of known mult-drug resistant tuberclosis patient (AOR = 5.1, 95% CI: 2.2-12.0; p = 0.02), history of tuberculosis treatment (AOR = 5.7, 95%CI: 2.6-12.9; p = 0.008), window opening practice (AOR = 3.7, 95% CI: 1.4-9.8; p = 0.005), tuberculosis treatment failure (AOR = 7.3, 95% CI: 5.2-7.8; p = 0.035) and tuberculosis relapse (AOR = 5,95% CI: 1.6-15.2; p = 0.019) were determinants of mult-drug resistant tuberclosis.

Conclusions: Socio-demographic (residence, family size), environmental (number of rooms, number of windows in a room, opening window practice) and clinical (history of tuberculosis treatment, treatment failure and having contact with known tuberculosis patient) variables were the identified determinants for increased multi-drug resistance tuberculosis.
Epidemic Klebsiella pneumoniae ST258 incidence in ICU patients admitted to a university hospital in Istanbul
Authors: Unlu Ozge , Ersoz Berken Rabun , Istanbullu Tosun Ayse , Demirci Mehmet
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Klebsiella pneumoniae sequence type 258 (ST258) strains are globally distributed multi-drug resistant pathogens and can spread rapidly throughout the world, causing severe healthcare-associated invasive infections with limited antimicrobial treatment options. The aim of this study was to reveal the incidence of Klebsiella pneumoniae ST258 strains among the intensive care unit patients in a university hospital in Istanbul.

Methodology: Consecutive nonreplicated 83 K. pneumoniae strains were isolated from various clinical samples of intensive care unit patients admitted to a university hospital in Istanbul, between November 2016 to December 2018. Bacterial identifications were performed via VITEK2. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were conducted with Kirby Bauer’s disc diffusion test except for colistin which was performed with broth microdilution. Real-time PCR method was utilized in order to reveal ST258 positivity among the strains.

Results: Antimicrobial susceptibility results revealed that 56 (67%) K. pneumoniae strains were carbapenem-resistant. Real-time PCR results demonstrated that 15 out of 83 (18%) K.pneumoniae strain were ST258. According to antimicrobial susceptibility test results of ST258 strains, 8 were found as carbapenem-resistant whereas 7 were found as carbapenem susceptible. 3 out of 8 (37.5%) carbapenem-resistant ST258 strains were found as resistant against all antibiotics tested.

Conclusions: Our study revealed that K. pneumoniae ST258 which caused severe infections worldwide so far has also spread to Istanbul. We believe that rapid molecular methods for monitorization of these clones are useful. our results showed that ST258 is not linked to a multi-resistant strain and suggested that it does not contribute to multi-resistance formation alone.
A new subterranean species of Anillinus Casey (Carabidae, Trechinae, Anillini) from Florida
Authors: Sokolov Igor M. , Schnepp Kyle E.
Published: June 2021

A new species of blind subterranean ground beetle in the genus Anillinus Casey is described from Florida. Anillinus albrittonorumsp. nov. (type locality: 6 miles NW High Springs, Columbia County, Florida) has a unique structure of female genitalia and occupies an isolated position within the genus. This new species is illustrated with images of the habitus, body parts, and male and female genitalia. Relationships of A. albrittonorum to other members of the genus are discussed.
Recognition of Croton moschatus (Euphorbiaceae) for the nomenclature of Cuban plants
Authors: Méndez Santos Isidro E. , Moya López Celio E.
Published: June 2021

The previously overlooked name Croton moschatus Monteverde & P.Betancourt is here recognized for a Cuban endemic species on the basis that it was validly published and has priority over the heterotypic synonyms C. claraensis Urb. and C. sagranus Müll.Arg. In this work, a neotype for the name C. moschatus is designated and lectotypes are designated for C. claraensis and C. stenophyllus Griseb. var. rosmarinifolius Müll.Arg. We also comment on the confusion surrounding the uses of C. moschatus and other relevant historical aspects.
Unsupervised Summarization Approach With Computational Statistics of Microblog Data
Authors: Bhattacharya Abhishek , Ghosal Arijit , Obaid Ahmed J. , Krit Salahddine , Shukla Vinod Kumar , Mandal Krishnasis , Pramanik Sabyasachi
Published: June 2021

Microblogging, where millions of users exchange messages to share their opinions on different trending and non-trending topics, is one of the popular communication media in recent times. Several researchers are concentrating on these data due to a huge source of information exchanges in online social media. In platforms such as Twitter, dataset-generated lacks coherence, and manually extracting meaning or knowledge from them proves to be painstakingly difficult. It opens up the challenges to the researchers for knowledge extraction driven by a summarization approach. Therefore, automated summary generation tools are recommended to get a meaningful summary out of a given topic becomes crucial in the age of big data. In this work, an unsupervised, extractive summarization model has been proposed. For categorization of data, k-means algorithm has been used, and based on scoring of each document in the corpus, summarization model is designed. The proposed methodology achieves an improved outcome over existing methods, such as lexical rank, sum basic, LSA, etc. evaluated by rouge tool.
Computational Statistics of Data Science for Secured Software Engineering
Authors: Rao Althar Raghavendra , Samanta Debabrata
Published: June 2021

The chapter focuses on exploring the work done for applying data science for software engineering, focusing on secured software systems development. With requirements management being the first stage of the life cycle, all the approaches that can help security mindset right at the beginning are explored. By exploring the work done in this area, various key themes of security and its data sources are explored, which will mark the setup of base for advanced exploration of the better approaches to make software systems mature. Based on the assessments of some of the work done in this area, possible prospects are explored. This exploration also helps to emphasize the key challenges that are causing trouble for the software development community. The work also explores the possible collaboration across machine learning, deep learning, and natural language processing approaches. The work helps to throw light on critical dimensions of software development where security plays a key role.
Machine Intelligence-Based Trend Analysis of COVID-19 for Total Daily Confirmed Cases in Asia and Africa
Authors: Meslie Yibeltal , Enbeyle Wegayehu , Pandey Binay Kumar , Pramanik Sabyasachi , Pandey Digvijay , Dadeech Pankaj , Belay Assaye , Saini Ashwini
Published: June 2021

COVID-19 is likely to pose a significant threat to healthcare, especially for disadvantaged populations due to the inadequate condition of public health services with people's lack of financial ways to obtain healthcare. The primary intention of such research was to investigate trend analysis for total daily confirmed cases with new corona virus (i.e., COVID-19) in the countries of Africa and Asia. The study utilized the daily recorded time series observed for two weeks (52 observations) in which the data is obtained from the world health organization (WHO) and world meter website. Univariate ARIMA models were employed. STATA 14.2 and Minitab 14 statistical software were used for the analysis at 5% significance level for testing hypothesis. Throughout time frame studied, because all four series are non-stationary at level, they became static after the first variation. The result revealed the appropriate time series model (ARIMA) for Ethiopia, Pakistan, India, and Nigeria were Moving Average order 2, ARIMA(1, 1, 1), ARIMA(2, 1, 1), and ARIMA (1, 1, 2), respectively.
The Role of Hydrogen in the Black Sea for the Future Energy Supply Security of Turkey
Authors: Yüksel Serhat , Mikhaylov Alexey , Ubay Gözde Gülseven , Uyeh Daniel Dooyum
Published: June 2021

In this study, the importance of hydrogen sulfide resources in the Black Sea region for future energy supply security has been analyzed. In this context, Turkey has been the scope of review. Through the world's largest hydrogen sulfide deposits in the Black Sea region with which hydrogen can be used effectively in the production of this resource, Turkey will be able to meet the annual energy needs face. This will provide benefits to many aspects of Turkey's economic development. Turkey's current account deficit, which would import energy problem, can also be reduced. This situation will contribute to reducing the fragilities in the country's economy. In this respect, Turkey should give priorities for the hydrogen sulphide reserves in the Black Sea. In this framework, detailed studies should be conducted on the conditions of the region.
Solar Energy Investment Forecast to 2040
Authors: Kraykin Andrey , Shaikh Zaffar Ahmed
Published: June 2021

The main purpose of the study is to compare various factors that affect the development of the industry. The chapter analyzes the literature on various issues related directly or indirectly to the development of the industry. Several research methods are used: comparison of the influence of various factors on the price of solar electricity using the vector autoregression model (VAR model). The chapter describes the risks associated with competition (first of all, for the territories where solar panels are supposed to be located). The result of the chapter is a forecast for the supply of solar energy in the next 20 years. In the 21st century, the use of solar energy has become very popular, primarily due to the fact that solar power plants are least harmful to the environment, compared to other types of power plants. Recent research in the field of solar power engineering has shown that using carbon nanotubes will double the efficiency of power plants, breaking the Shockley-Queisser limit. Such technologies can make solar power the most used electricity in the world.
434 MHz Environmentally Safe Monitoring Schema for Vehicular Network by AI-ML-IoT Technologies
Authors: Jeba Kumar R. J. S.  , Roopa Jayasingh J.
Published: June 2021

Connected vehicular tracking schema operated in environmentally safe radio frequency of 434 MHz, artificial intelligence, and machine learning and IoT technology (CVT-AIML-IoT) is cost effective and secured tracking or device monitoring system. The prime benefit of the proposed CVT-AIML-IoT system is that it utilizes cloud internet of things (IoT) technology and active radio frequency identification over global positioning system (GPS), which is prone to attackers due to self-defenseless network architecture. The sliding side of GPS is observed; when the GPS module is switched-off, it can be hidden without any authorization. Hence, an uninterrupted observing secured system like CVT-AIML-IoT is a promising solution with dynamic vehicular PIN generation by AI-ML concept. CVT-AIML-IoT grids the traceable area based on the topographical dependency. Detection range gateway coupled with IoT transceiver module captures data from each tracking zone to the cloud for monitoring over Web UI support and mapped with time stamp. Hence, CVT-AIML-IoT assures vehicular monitoring in a lucrative approach.
Design of a Field Programmable Gate Array for Swarm Intelligent Controller Based on a Portable Robotic System
Authors: Akkar Hanan A.R. , Khairy Huthaifa Salman
Published: June 2021

Portable robots are considered an important device in many areas such as in medical, space research, emergency situations, applications, etc. The robots complete tasks efficiently and effectively without any human interaction. The most important advantages of portable robots are their small size and very high speed in problem processing with relatively high accuracy and efficiency compared with constant devices. In this paper, the authors discussed the applications of the robot systems based on swarm intelligent controller and field programmable gate array (FPGA). A component-oriented FPGA design platform is proposed for robot system integration because FPGAs are known to be power-efficient hardware platforms. From the results, they found that FPGA and swarm intelligence are very efficient in robotic systems and used in a wide area of applications.
Tissue-Specific Contributions to Control of T Cell Immunity
Authors: Poholek Amanda C
Published: June 2021

T cells are critical for orchestrating appropriate adaptive immune responses and maintaining homeostasis in the face of persistent nonpathogenic Ags. T cell function is controlled in part by environmental signals received upon activation and derived from the tissue environment in which Ag is encountered. Indeed, tissue-specific environments play important roles in controlling the T cell response to Ag, and recent evidence suggests that tissue draining lymph nodes can mirror those local differences. Thus, tissue-specific immunity may begin at priming in secondary lymph nodes, where local signals have an important role in T cell fate. In this study, we discuss the tissue-specific signals that may impact T cell differentiation and function, including the microbiome, metabolism, and tissue-specific innate cell imprinting. We argue that these individual contributions create tissue-specific niches that likely play important roles in T cell differentiation and function controlling the outcome of the response to Ags.
Aging- and Tumor-Mediated Increase in CD8+CD28− T Cells Might Impose a Strong Barrier to Success of Immunotherapy in Glioblastoma
Authors: Huff Wei X , Bam Marpe , Shireman Jack M , Kwon Jae Hyun , Song Leo , Newman Sharlé , Cohen-Gadol Aaron A , Shapiro Scott , Jones Tamara , Fulton Kelsey , Liu Sheng , Tanaka Hiromi , Liu Yunlong , Wan Jun , Dey Mahua
Published: June 2021

Clinical use of various forms of immunotherapeutic drugs in glioblastoma (GBM), has highlighted severe T cell dysfunction such as exhaustion in GBM patients. However, reversing T cell exhaustion using immune checkpoint inhibitors in GBM clinical trials has not shown significant overall survival benefit. Phenotypically, CD8+ T cells with downregulated CD28 coreceptors, low CD27 expression, increased CD57 expression, and telomere shortening are classified as senescent T cells. These senescent T cells are normally seen as part of aging and also in many forms of solid cancers. Absence of CD28 on T cells leads to several functional irregularities including reduced TCR diversity, incomplete activation of T cells, and defects in Ag-induced proliferation. In the context of GBM, presence and/or function of these CD8+CD28– T cells is unknown. In this clinical correlative study, we investigated the effect of aging as well as tumor microenvironment on CD8+ T cell phenotype as an indicator of its function in GBM patients. We systematically analyzed and describe a large population of CD8+CD28– T cells in both the blood and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes of GBM patients. We found that phenotypically these CD8+CD28– T cells represent a distinct population compared with exhausted T cells. Comparative transcriptomic and pathway analysis of CD8+CD28– T cell populations in GBM patients revealed that tumor microenvironment might be influencing several immune related pathways and thus further exaggerating the age associated immune dysfunction in this patient population.
Analysis of microbial community biodiversity in activated sludge from a petrochemical plant
Authors: Antunes Themis Collares , Marconatto Leticia , Borges Luiz Gustavo dos Anjos , Giongo Adriana , Sand Sueli Teresinha Van Der
Published: June 2021

Theactive sludge process is one of the most-used techniques for the biodegradation of organic compounds present in effluents from an assortment of wastewaters. This study investigated the bacterial community structure of a petroleum industry’s activated sludge and its physical and chemical parameters using high-throughput sequencing. Samples were collected over one year: autumn 2015 (C1), winter 2015 (C2), spring 2015 (C3), and summer 2016 (C4). Total DNA was extracted, and the primers targeting the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene were used for amplicon sequencing. The majority of the detected microorganisms were considered rare microbiota, presenting a relative abundance below 1% of the total sequences. All of the sequences were classified at the phylum level, and up to 55% of the ASVs (Amplicon Sequence Variants) were associated with known bacterial genera. Proteobacteria was the most abundant phylum in three seasons, while the phylum Armatimonadota dominated in one season. The genus Hyphomicrobium was the most abundant in autumn, winter and summer, and an ASV belonging to the family Fimbriimonadaceae was the most abundant in the spring. Canonical Correspondence Analysis showed that physicochemical parameters of SS, SD and TSS are correlated, as well as ammoniacal nitrogen. Sample C3 presented the highest values of COD, AN and solids (SS, SD and TSS). The highest COD, AN, and solids values are correlated to the high frequency of the phylum Armatimonadota in C3.
Finiteness of maximal geodesic submanifolds in hyperbolic hybrids
Authors: Fisher David , Lafont Jean-François , Miller Nicholas , Stover Matthew
Published: June 2021

We show that large classes of non-arithmetic hyperbolic

n

-manifolds, including the hybrids introduced by Gromov and Piatetski-Shapiro and many of their generalizations, have only finitely many finite-volume immersed totally geodesic hypersurfaces. In higher codimension, we prove finiteness for geodesic submanifolds of dimension at least

2

that are
maximal
, i.e., not properly contained in a proper geodesic submanifold of the ambient

n

-manifold. The proof is a mix of structure theory for arithmetic groups, dynamics, and geometry in negative curvature.
Premedication with clonidine before TIVA optimizes surgical field visualization and shortens duration of endoscopic sinus surgery - results of a clinical trial
Authors: Wawrzyniak K. , Kusza K. , Cywinski J.B. , Burduk P.K. , Kazmierczak W.
Published: June 2021

Background: During functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS), intraoperative bleeding can significantly compromise visualization of the surgical field. Clonidine constricts peripheral blood vessels and reduces systemic blood pressure, which in combination decrease nasal mucosa blood flow. This dual effect can potentially reduce bleeding during FESS and stabilize the intraoperative hemodynamic profile of the patient. Aim: The aim of this prospective study was to assess if the quality of the surgical field visualization during FESS was improved when clonidine was used as a premedication agent. Methodology: A group of 44 patients undergoing FESS for chronic sinusitis and polyp removal were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive either oral clonidine or midazolam as preoperative premedication. During the operation, the quality of the surgical field was assessed and graded by the operating surgeon using the scale proposed by Boezaart. The evaluations were done during surgery at 15 minutes (K1), 30 minutes (K2), 60 minutes (K3) and 120 minutes (K4) after incision. Results: The duration of the surgical procedure was significantly shorter in the clonidine group: mean time of surgery: 80 vs. 96 min in the clonidine and midazolam groups, respectively. Also better quality of surgical field was observed at all time points in the clonidine group. Conclusion: Premedication with clonidine before FESS results in shortening of the surgical time and a better quality of the surgical field.
EPOS2020 and beyond
Authors: Hellings P.W.
Published: June 2021

The April issue of Rhinology includes the Executive Summary of EPOS2020, highlighting the most important up-dates on disease definitions, treatment algorithms and integrated care pathway approaches of CRS. EPOS2020 (1) is the result of major efforts by a team of passionate rhinologists and associate health care providers coming from all corners of the world coordinated by Professors Wytske Fokkens and Valerie Lund. The Executive Summary presented here illustrates the most important graphs for use in daily practice and teaching purposes. In addition, the April issue of Rhinology also brings relevant CRS-related aspects to the attention of the readers of Rhinology.
Optical Runway, Stealth Runway, Carbon Capture and High-Quality Air in a Novel EEMs Green & Clean Energy Airfield
Authors: Xiong XiangWen
Published: June 2021

A novel aviation infrastructure system by a multilayer ecological & energized module (EEM) system is aiming to create a high safety & security, graceful and comfortable air travel environment, high-quality air, zero energy, zero-water-consumption, and zero-carbon with a 100% greening rate, etc. It contains a modular EEM optical runway, totally-enclosed EEM ecological modules, and EEM ecological modules with thin-film or silicon solar cells on the top layer, etc. With the light processed and enhancing and optimizing crushed shadows & blown highlights and high contrast color layout, the EEM optical runway has a powerful visual flight, runway visual range (RVR), and significant blown highlights in 3D position and posture in various complex weather and occasions for the instrument landing, manually land and taxiing, etc. It’s always clean and bright without lampblack and exhaust traces since it is easy to rinse and replace. The totally-enclosed EEM system is laid flat on the entire airfield, including the ceiling and flooring of aircraft as well. It will generate enough clean energy, provide enough high-quality air with plentiful oxygen, plant anions, floral, phytoncide, active constituents, and fragrant scents with low-concentration CO2 for passengers and staff, and completely isolate birds’ food chains and habitat, etc. With controllable photosynthetic acceleration, the EEM system is a powerful carbon capture system with significant positive spillover. With antiskid and rainwater steerable structures in the EEM, the planes have calculable security assurances in severe weather and catastrophic events. Hot, cold water and steam system without electromagnetic interference in EEM are used for hot waves and snow and ice.
Doing good the wrong way
Authors: Kaijabwango Clare
Published: June 2021

Using a narrative summary, this article synthesizes NGO history, highlights the political economy and pro-NGO arguments; and uses these to examine what contemporary NGOs in the global South do. It raises contradictions between what these organizations do and historical arguments that justified their growth in the development sector. It shows that NGOs are doing good the wrong way, a contradiction obscured by the functional approach used to measure their effectiveness in research and evaluation. The article argues that because this approach focuses on the linear logics of NGO aid projects, they are assessed against what they choose to do and not what history argued they would. Arguments for the return of the Developmentalist State and changes from the looming end of the liberal international order, inherently flag the need to establish NGO contribution to development without comparisons to the State or market; then strategically adjust the NGO ‘Articles of Faith’.
Teologiczne typy bizantyjskich ikon maryjnych
Authors: Klejnowski-Różycki Dariusz
Published: June 2021

Theological types of Byzantine icons of the Virgin Mary

The Christian East is extremely diverse. Some Churches of the Christian East have developed extensive iconographic art along with the theory of this art, while others have not. The Church of Constantinople developed patterns in the field of iconography, including Marian iconography. Byzantine Marian icons can be divided into four groups: (1) Marian feasts; (2) theological icons; (3) symbolic icons; (4) liturgical icons. A characteristic feature of theological icons is the focus on the close relationship between Mary and Christ (God). These icons include the types: Kyriotissa, Hodegetria, Eleusa, Platytera. These are the most important basic icons of Mary discussed in the article.

Abstrakt
Wschód chrześcijański jest niezwykle zróżnicowany. Niektóre Kościoły chrześcijańskiego Wschodu wypracowały rozbudowaną sztukę ikonograficzną wraz z teorią tej sztuki, a inne tego nie uczyniły. Kościół Konstantynopolitański wypracował wzorce w dziedzinie ikonografii, także maryjnej. Bizantyjskie ikony maryjne można podzielić na cztery grupy: (1) święta maryjne; (2) ikony teologiczne; (3) ikony symboliczne; (4) ikony liturgiczne. Cechą charakterystyczną ikon teologicznych jest skupienie się na więzi Maryi i Chrystusa (Boga). Do tych ikon należą typy: Kyriotissa, Hodegetria, Eleusa, Platytera. Są to najważniejsze, podstawowe ikony Maryi omówione w artykule.