bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization of wool fabric dyeing process by natural curcumin stabilized pigment based on ZIF-8 adsorption encapsulation
Authors: Wang Xuemei , Wang Hao , Hong Guoying , Ma Dehong , He Jixiang , Zhao Hudie , Zhang Dongdong
Published: February 2025

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to improve the stability and dyeing properties of natural curcumin by adsorption packaging technology, and promote the clean dyeing technology of wool fabrics.

Design/methodology/approach

The response surface method was used to optimize the dyeing process of wool fabrics. The color fastnesses and the K/S value of the dyed wool fabrics were tested and analyzed, as well as the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation of wool fibers.

Findings

The mordant dyeing method was optimized using the response surface method under pH 3.5 and a 1:50 dye bath ratio. The results showed that the mordant dyeing method was one-bath, two-step post-mordant and the optimized dyeing process was as follows: dyeing time 70 min, dyeing temperature 70°C and the dosage of mordant was 2% and yielding a K/S value of 35.22. The dyed wool had excellent rub and wash fastness (grade 4+), but inadequate light fastness, to be improved later. The results of SEM demonstrated that the optimized dyeing processes had no adverse effects on wool fibers.

Originality/value

No comprehensive and systematic study reports have been conducted on the dyeing process of wool fabric using natural curcumin pigment, which is adsorbed and packaged by ZIF-8, and researchers have not used statistical analysis to optimize the dyeing process using response surface methodology.
Assessment of methylene blue as a corrosion retardant for carbon steel in hydrochloric acidic solutions
Authors: Usibe Brian E. , Ikeuba Alexander I. , Azogor William E. , Essiet Nelson , Anozie Remigius C. , Obike Anthony I.
Published: February 2025

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the corrosion retardation properties of methylene blue on carbon steel in hydrochloric acid solutions.

Design/methodology/approach

The corrosion inhibition property of methylene blue on carbon steel was investigated by hydrogen evolution technique (gasometric technique) and weight loss measurements at 303 K and 333 K in hydrochloric acid solutions.

Findings

The results revealed that methylene blue inhibited the corrosion carbon steel, and the inhibition efficiency was temperature dependent. The maximum inhibition efficiencies were 88% at 303 K and 79.2% at 333 K. The corrosion data was consistent with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm which posits that the methylene blue molecules adhered to the metal substrate. The corrosion kinetics followed the first-order kinetic reaction equation. The activation energy (Ea) values ranged from 45.6 to 81.7 kJ/mol and indicated physical adsorption.

Originality/value

This paper provides new information on the possible application of methylene blue as corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel.
Using SOR theory to examine the impact of AI Chatbot quality on Gen Z’s satisfaction and advocacy within the fast-food sector
Authors: Elayat Ahmed Mostafa Abdelwaged , Elalfy Reem Mohamed
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This study aims to provide empirical evidence to verify the dimensional structure of artificial intelligence (AI) Chatbot quality and examine the impact of these dimensions on consumer satisfaction and brand advocacy among Gen Z in the fast food industry in Egypt.

Design/methodology/approach

The empirical data was obtained with an electronic self-administered survey instrument from 397 young consumers who had prior experience using AI Chatbots across multiple fast food brands in Egypt. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the formulated hypotheses.

Findings

The results showed that AI Chatbot quality dimensions, specifically information authenticity and system compliance, significantly enhance young consumers’ satisfaction. In addition, information authenticity of AI Chatbot quality was observed to wield a significant influence on young consumers’ advocacy. In contrast, an insignificant relationship was noticed between satisfaction and advocacy. Moreover, the mediating role of consumer satisfaction was not established.

Practical implications

Given that Gen Z is more technology savvy and computer literate, marketers and practitioners of fast food brands should invest in AI tools to respond to young consumers’ expectations and improve their perception of their services.

Originality/value

This study uses stimulus-organism-response theory to understand the mediating effect of young consumers’ satisfaction in the relationship between AI Chatbot quality and consumer brand advocacy within the fast food industry. Also, it introduced two novel main constructs of AI Chatbot quality, namely, information authenticity and system compliance.
Patient Perception of Involvement in Nursing Bedside Handover: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Ghosh Manonita , Nosaka Kaoru , Saunders Rosemary , Gallagher Olivia , Towell‐Barnard Amanda , Ghosh Debannita , Gent Lucy , Coventry Linda
Published: February 2025

Background

In Australia, aligned to safety and quality standards, the health system implements standardised practices that include patient involvement in nursing bedside handover. Despite this mandate, it remains unclear whether patients are genuinely participating in nursing bedside handovers and whether their perspectives are being considered.

Aim

To explore patient perceptions of their involvement in nursing bedside handovers.

Methods

A cross‐sectional survey study was conducted in two acute metropolitan hospitals in Western Australia from July 2021 to March 2022. The survey administered to patients, comprised three sections: demographic information; involvement in bedside handover; and perceptions of bedside handovers; utilising close‐ended and Likert scale questions. Open‐ended questions further explored participation in bedside handovers. Descriptive statistics and comparative analyses were performed and responses to open‐ended questions underwent summative deductive content analysis.

Results

Of the 390 participants, over half reported five or more bedside handovers (n = 197, 50.7%). Most perceived the importance of (n = 334, 79.0%), and expressed their satisfaction with (n = 327, 89.6%), involvement in bedside handover. Perceptions of handover were mostly positive. There were a few significant differences throughout based on type of hospital, gender and age‐group. Open ended responses shared perceptions on the perceived benefits, challenges and barriers and ways to enhance involvement in bedside handover. Patients expressed several challenges, including lack of awareness of their right to participate, the approach of nurses and the timing of handovers as hindering their participation in bedside handovers.

Conclusion

Patients perceived the importance of, were mostly satisfied with, and had positive perceptions of bedside handover. However, several challenges hindered effective patient participation. Further research is needed into bedside handover as it is essential to enhance patient‐centred quality care that aligns with national safety and quality healthcare standards.

Impacts

Understanding the significance of patient involvement in bedside handovers motivates patients to actively share information about their care, leading to increased patient satisfaction and the promotion of patient‐centred care. Addressing challenges through targeted strategies can enhance patient participation, communication, increased patient satisfaction and foster a more patient‐centred approach to care.

Patient or Public Contribution

The conduct of this study was supported by the consumer advisory group in the participating hospitals who also reviewed the survey questionnaires and conducted face validity of the survey.
The Association Between Metabolic Dysfunction‐Associated Steatotic Liver Disease and Change in Liver Stiffness in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B
Authors: Patmore Lesley A. , van Eekhout Kirsi , Koc Özgür M. , de Knegt Robert J. , Janssen Harry L. A. , Brouwer Willem P. , Kramer Matthijs , Honkoop Pieter , de Bruijne Joep , Boland Greet J. , Postma Douwe F. , Blokzijl Hans , de Man Robert A. , Takkenberg R. Bart , Sonneveld Milan J.
Published: February 2025

Background and Aims

Metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is associated with an increased risk of liver‐related events in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), possibly by accelerating fibrosis progression. Therefore, we studied the influence of MASLD on liver stiffness measurement (LSM) kinetics in CHB patients.

Methods

We conducted a multicenter retrospective cohort study of CHB patients with at least two LSM with FibroScan. We studied the absolute change in LSM and the change in LSM stage from the first LSM to the most recent LSM among CHB patients with MASLD compared to patients without MASLD.

Results

We analysed 1055 CHB patients; 259 (28.0%) had MASLD. Patients with MASLD had a higher first and last LSM (6.1 vs. 5.2 kPa and 5.6 vs. 4.7 kPa, p < 0.001), were significantly less likely to achieve a decrease in LSM stage (52.8% vs. 74% p < 0.001) and were more likely to experience an increase in LSM stage (19.3% vs. 13.6%, p = 0.035) during follow‐up. 417 (39.5%) patients initiated antiviral therapy (AVT) which was associated with a decline in LSM (p < 0.001). However, patients with MASLD who were treated were less likely to decrease in LSM stage (52.4% vs. 77.0%, p < 0.001) and were more likely to experience an increase in LSM stage (23.5% vs. 12.8%, p = 0.021) despite AVT.

Conclusion

Presence of MASLD was independently associated with higher LSM in untreated CHB patients and with less decline in LSM after initiation of AVT. Furthermore, CHB patients with MASLD were more likely to experience an increase in LSM despite AVT.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Applied Economics and Finance, Vol. 12, No. 1
Authors: Gibbs Nikki
Published: February 2025

Applied Economics and Finance (AEF) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether AEF publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 12, Number 1 Ali Darub Al-Hiyali, University of Anbar, IraqFahri ÖZSUNGUR, Adana Science and Technology University, TurkeyGetamesay Bekele Meshesha, Ethiopian Civil Service University, EthiopiaKeffala Mohamed Rochdi, University of Manouba, TunisiaKenneth Ozoemenam, University of Nigeria, NigeriaLiao Zhu, Cornell University, USAMarco Muscettola, Independent Researcher-Credit Risk Manager, ItalyMohammad Farajnezhad, Inti International University, MalaysiaRajeev Rana, APB Govt. P.G. College, IndiaRamona Orastean, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, RomaniaShaoshu LI, Cornell University, USAY. Saidi, M’sila University, Algeria  Nikki GibbsEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of Applied Economics and FinanceRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAURL: http://aef.redfame.com
Trends and Prospects for the Formation of a National Model of Climate Legislation (Using the Russian Federation as an Example)
Authors: Anisimov Aleksey , Isakova Yulia , Volkonskaya Olga
Published: February 2025

The article identifies the main gaps and conflicts of the climate legislation of Russia, examines the ways to solve them and trends in the development of judicial practice to protect the climate rights of citizens. For the first time, the authors developed the category “conditions for the implementation of climate policy”, which represents legal instruments and procedures that are not directly climate-oriented, but which can be used to solve the climate problem, facilitating the implementation of the climate rights of citizens and their associations. The structure of the draft law “On Climate Protection in the Russian Federation” is substantiated, its main sections are outlined, the impossibility of including in such a law norms on climate torts is proven, the relationship of the norms of civil, administrative, financial, environmental law, together regulating climate problems, is revealed. The conclusion is substantiated that within the framework of the Russian legal system, a full-scale climate law is more promising than the currently existing framework law, since such an approach allows not only to respond to existing problems and threats, but also to implement the predictive function of law, to predict climate hazards in the future and to lay down a mechanism for their solution today.
Restricted expansion of Tetranychus evansi (Acari: Tetranychidae) in New Zealand: insights from comparison of its development and reproduction on black nightshade (Solanum nigrum) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)
Authors: Jiao Ao , Zhang Zhi-Qiang
Published: February 2025

Tetranychus evansi Baker & Pritchard (Acari: Tetranychidae) is a significant agricultural pest in Europe, Africa, Oceania, and Asia, causing severe damage to Solanaceae crops such as tomatoes. However, although T. evansi invaded New Zealand in 2020, it is restricted to Auckland. It primarily inhabits black nightshade (Solanum nigrum) and has not caused notable harm to local tomato crops. This study compared the developmental and reproductive performance of the invasive T. evansi population in New Zealand on black nightshade and tomato plants. The results showed that T. evansi had a significantly longer development time on tomato plants compared to black nightshade. In addition, both virgin and mated female of T. evansi laid significantly fewer eggs on tomato leaves than on black nightshade ones; and the average size (diameter) of eggs produced on tomato leaves were smaller than those produced on black nightshade. These findings suggest that the invasive T. evansi population in New Zealand are less able to adapt to tomatoes as hosts than to black nightshade. This study supplements the fundamental life history data of the invasive T. evansi population in New Zealand and provides scientific insights for its management strategies.
Strong asperities nucleate earthquakes on laboratory faults
Authors: Barbery Monica , Hirth Greg , Tullis Terry
Published: February 2025

Abundant heterogeneity has been documented on faults in nature across a wide range of length scales, including structural, mineralogical, and roughness variations. The role of complex heterogeneity on fault mechanics and frictional stability is not well established, and experiments investigating heterogeneity have typically incorporated a single source of heterogeneity. Here, we conduct rock friction experiments on rough, bimaterial faults that are creeping, or steadily sliding, to explore the role of lithological heterogeneity on fault mechanics and stability. When strong asperities juxtapose weak gouge, stable sliding occurs with a low friction coefficient, µ. Encounters of strong diabase asperities on talc gouge lined faults initiate dramatic increases in µ and transitions to unstable sliding characterized by frequent stick-slip events (StSE). Seismic moments and stress drops of StSE decrease with increasing asperity abundance. Stress is concentrated at asperities during encounters, increasing with decreasing asperity abundance and leading to extensive mechanical damage. Interactions between strong, velocity weakening asperities provide a model to explain the nucleation of seismic and aseismic slip events on nominally stable, creeping faults.
Association of pickled food consumption with non-digestive system cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yu Jiayi , Yao Ping , Yang Xu , Xiong Li , Liang Hanbai , Li Chunling , Li Fumin
Published: February 2025

Objectives

Several studies have demonstrated a significant association between the consumption of pickled foods and an increased risk of gastrointestinal cancer. However, the relationship between pickled food intake and non-digestive system cancers (NDSCs) remains uncertain. This meta-analysis aims to systematically review and analyse the risk of NDSCs associated with the consumption of pickled foods.

Design

Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Data sources

The PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase and Web of Science databases were comprehensively searched from inception to July 2024.

Eligibility criteria

Observational studies with a focus on the association between pickled food consumption and the development of NDSCs in children and adults were included.

Data extraction and synthesis

A random-effects model was used for meta-analyses to calculate the pooled risk of NDSCs, including lung cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, kidney cancer, bladder cancer, brain cancer, cervical cancer, thyroid cancer and lymphoma. Meta-sensitivity analysis and subgroup analysis were conducted to explore potential sources of heterogeneity.

Results

A total of 51 studies, encompassing 2 518 507 individuals, met the eligibility criteria. The results of our study suggested a notable correlation between elevated intake of pickled food and heightened susceptibility to breast cancer (OR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.07 to 1.39, I2=85.1%, p<0.01), prostate cancer (OR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.18 to 1.60, I2=75.9%, p<0.01), lymphoma (OR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.25, I2=55.8%, p=0.05), bladder cancer (OR: 1.60, 95% CI: 1.23 to 2.07, I2=85.1%, p<0.01) and kidney cancer (OR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.13 to 1.45, I2=0%, p=0.56), when compared with individuals who either refrain from or have lower consumption of pickled food. However, no statistically significant association was found between pickled food intake and the risk of lung cancer, brain cancer, thyroid cancer, cervical cancer and leukaemia.

Conclusions

This systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrated an association between pickled food consumption and an increased risk of breast cancer, prostate cancer, lymphoma, bladder cancer and kidney cancer. Nevertheless, the certainty of the evidence was rated as very low. Future research should explore potential biological mechanisms and investigate diverse populations.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42023434186.
Anti-inflammatory actions of ripasudil ameliorate experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis in the acute phase
Authors: Harimoto Kozo , Nishio Yoshiaki , Someya Hideaki , Sato Tomohito , Ito Masataka , Takeuchi Masaru
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Rho-associated protein kinases (ROCKs) are a key regulator of T cell function, influencing a wide range of processes from activation to differentiation. Experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) is an animal model of human non-infectious uveitis. This study aimed to evaluate the suppressive effects of ripasudil, a ROCK inhibitor, on ocular inflammation when administered from the onset of EAU and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of its inhibitory effects.

Methods

EAU was induced in wild-type C57BL/6 mice by immunisation with IRBP peptide. Ripasudil or its vehicle, PBS, was intraperitoneally administered daily starting from 8 days post-immunisation. Clinical and histopathological examinations and analysis of T cell activation state were conducted. In addition, T cell gene expression profiles in the relevant immune functions were identified using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq).

Results

The development of EAU was significantly attenuated and T cell activation and Th1 cell differentiation were significantly inhibited in mice with ripasudil (RIP-EAU) compared with mice with PBS (PBS-EAU), scRNA-seq using splenic T cells indicated that genes involved in the ROCK signalling pathway were highly expressed in low-differentiated Th1/Th17 cells, intermediate Th1 cells and differentiated Th1 cells. In addition, although differentiated Th1 and Th17 cells constituted similar proportions between PBS-EAU and RIP-EAU mice, RIP-EAU mice exhibited fewer low-differentiated Th1/Th17 cells and intermediate Th1 cells compared with PBS-EAU mice.

Conclusion

Ripasudil suppressed EAU when administered from the onset of the disease by inhibiting cells that strongly express genes involved in the ROCK signalling pathway and differentiate into Th1 cells.
Dissolved organic carbon suppresses benthivorous fish biomass by mediating invertebrate resources
Authors: Tonin Joseph , Rennie Michael D. , Higgins Scott , Paterson Michael J.
Published: February 2025

Benthic invertebrates and benthivorous White Sucker (Catostomus commersonii) were surveyed in eight stratified boreal lakes with DOC concentrations ranging from 3.5 to 9.2 mg . L-1 at the IISD Experimental Lakes Area (IISD ELA) in northwestern Ontario, Canada. Chironomids dominated benthic invertebrate biomass and White Sucker were the dominant fish species. Both White Sucker biomass-catch-per-unit-effort (BPUE) and chironomid biomass were positively correlated with mean light irradiance, with higher biomasses of fish and chironomids occurring in lakes with lower DOC concentrations and a higher proportion of their volume in the photic zone. White Sucker BPUE was also strongly positively correlated with chironomid biomass. A mixing model using stable isotopes indicated that allochthony increased with DOC for both littoral benthic invertebrates and White Sucker. Greater allochthony was also correlated with lower invertebrate biomass and White Sucker BPUE. Our results suggest that DOC suppresses benthivorous fish by reducing the availability of critical food resources. Chironomid biomass appears to decrease with DOC because of lower light penetration that potentially affects primary productivity and the quality of their food resources.
Microneedle Arrays for Brain Drug Delivery: The Potential of Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Razzaghi Mahmood , Bakhtiari Sanaz Soleymani Eil , Charest Gabriel , Fortin David , Akbari Mohsen
Published: February 2025

For a long time, the treatment of brain diseases has been a significant challenge. Drug delivery to the brain has recently become one of the most challenging problems for patients with severe forms of central nervous system (CNS) diseases. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) poses a significant challenge for drug delivery to the brain. While extensive efforts focus on finding materials to overcome the BBB for brain tumor treatment, it limits the penetration of chemotherapeutic drugs for the broader treatment of brain diseases. The oral method of drug administration has several drawbacks, such as the loss of drugs because of metabolism and gastrointestinal environmental issues. Besides, using the intravenous route to administer medicines has several disadvantages, including discomfort at the injection site, infection, bleeding, anxiety, and incompetence toward patients. Fabrication and development of microneedles (MNs) to overcome the drawbacks mentioned above of traditional drug delivery methods may be a viable alternative. Drug delivery using microneedle arrays (MNAs) has recently been shown to be an effective method for delivering drugs to the brain. Different fabricating methods like three-dimensional (3D) printing could be used for the fabrication of personalized drug delivery systems, like MNAs, with precise control over spatiotemporal drug distribution. This article presents a review of using MNAs for drug delivery to the brain.
Searching for initial state fluctuations in heavy ion collisions at FAIR energy using principal component analysis
Authors: Nandy Ekata , Chattopadhyay Subhasis
Published: February 2025

In high energy heavy ion collisions, the initial configurations of the colliding nuclei play an important role in determining the reaction type and the products of the reaction. The initial arrangement of nucleons within the overlap region of two colliding nuclei is generally asymmetric and such asymmetries reflect themselves in the measurement final state momentum anisotropy. Also initial distribution of the nucleons are subjected to large quantum fluctuation causing large energy deposition in a small region. The final state observables related momentum anisotropies although sensitive to such localized fluctuations but their true effect gets diluted because these observables are calculated by averaging over a set of events. Also, such fluctuations in the initial states are random and uncontrolled. Thus, identifying their effect from event-averaged final state observable is difficult. However, it would be interesting to know the origin of such fluctuations and how these fluctuation are eventually translated to the final state. In this work, we at first introduce such localized fluctuations in the initial configurations, also called hot spots, by implementing spatial rearrangements of nucleon position in the colliding nuclei in the central Pb + Pb collisions at

$$\hbox {E}_{lab}$$

E

lab

= 20 AGeV (

$$\sqrt{s}$$

s

= 6.27 GeV) using the UrQMD event generator. Then the final state distributions of one or two dimensional variables e.g., (

$$\eta $$

η

,

$$\phi $$

ϕ

,

$$p_T$$

p
T

) and (

$$\eta -p_T$$

η
-

p
T

,

$$\phi -p_T$$

ϕ
-

p
T

,

$$\eta -\phi $$

η
-
ϕ

) of the produced pions are analysed using the principal component analysis (PCA) technique. The eigenvalues of the principal components have been studied for various initial configurations, event fractions containing hot spots in the initial condition and for event centralities with an aim to find it’s sensitivity to the initial hot spot configurations.
Slow-roll approximations in Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet gravity formulated in terms of e-folding numbers
Authors: Pozdeeva E. O.
Published: February 2025

In the Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet (EGB) gravity models, the slow-roll approximation has been extended by taking into account the first-order slow-roll parameter

$$\delta _1 =-2\,H^2\,\xi ^\prime /U_0$$

δ
1

=
-
2

H
2

ξ
′

/

U
0

, which is proportional to the first derivative of the Gauss–Bonnet coupling function

$$\xi $$

ξ

with respect to the e-folding number. These extensions lead to the question of the accuracy of effective potential reconstruction during the generalization of attractors in EGB gravity. We have reconstructed models using the extended slow-roll approximations and compared them with the exact expressions and the standard slow-roll approximation.
A Method for Estimating the Posture of Yoga Asansa Exercises Based on Lightweight OpenPose
Authors: Hao Qin
Published: February 2025

In order to significantly reduce the computational complexity to achieve efficient pose estimation of yoga pose practice, this paper studies the pose estimation method of fitness yoga pose practice based on lightweight OpenPose. First, based on the video image of fitness yoga postures, the background model of the video image is constructed through HSV color space conversion processing. The background model is used to segment the foreground and background of yoga pose practice. A lightweight OpenPose fitness yoga pose training pose estimation model is established. This model uses a 10-layer VGG19 network to deeply study the segmented yoga pose foreground image, so as to extract the feature map of yoga pose training. These feature maps are then input into a multi-stage, two-branch convolutional neural network to further calculate the joint heat map and joint affinity domain map of fitness yoga pose exercises. In order to capture and track the joints of human motion in real time, the pose distance between frames and the maximum weight matching algorithm of a bipartite graph is used to track the pose of continuous frames of video images. Through the least squares support vector machine classifier integrated into the softmax layer of the lightweight OpenPose network model, the final pose estimation results of fitness yoga exercises are output. The experiment shows that this method can effectively realize the color space conversion from RGB to HSV of the fitness yoga pose exercise action image, and can realize the foreground and background segmentation of the fitness yoga pose exercise action image. At the same time, it can accurately identify the yoga pose exercise action posture Corresponding to different frames in a fitness yoga pose exercise action video, and the application effect is better.
Design of Vocal Music Performance Teaching System Based on Multimedia Intelligent Platform
Authors: Guo Shoujun
Published: February 2025

Based on the philosophy of Computer-Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW), the intelligent multimedia teaching platform intends to make it possible for teachers and students to work together effectively over long distances. Music education has long been an important aspect of China’s higher education, and the Corresponding music curriculum structure has evolved over time. As a result of this system, China’s music education has become more systematic and standardized. This has resulted in a plethora of talented musicians for our country. What kind of instructional strategies should be implemented in the classroom? This has been the primary focus of our research efforts thus far. The usage of mobile intelligent terminals in university classrooms has become increasingly powerful as the popularity of these devices and the breadth of the Android platform’s application grows. Student practice and self-evaluation are both made possible by Android’s intelligent platform, allowing students to practice and self-evaluate when they are in class or at home, helping them to better understand their strengths and weaknesses. In this paper, a framework for a music-teaching system has been developed on the server data release and mobile front-end functional view. There is a data layer for the front end, and then there is a data layer for data processing, service, and display. The experimental results show that the proposed framework system has better application performance than the traditional methods.
Fractal calculus of variations for problems with constraints
Authors: Golmankhaneh Alireza Khalili , Cattani Carlo , Pasechnik Roman , Furuichi Shigeru , Jorgensen Palle E. T.
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we present a summary of fractal calculus and propose the use of Lagrange multipliers for both fractal calculus and fractal variational calculus with constraints. We examine the application of these methods across various branches of physics. By employing fractal variational calculus with constraints, we derive fundamental equations such as the fractal mechanical wave equation, the fractal Schrödinger equation in quantum mechanics, Maxwell’s equations in fractal electromagnetism, and the Lagrange equation for constraints in fractal classical mechanics. Several examples are provided to illustrate these concepts in detail.
Low-frequency broadband underwater metasurface with embedded curved rough neck
Authors: Zeng Qiuyu , Zhang Jiesen , Xiao Yinglong , Li Bin , Hou Hong , Cheng Baozhu
Published: February 2025

The rapid progress in underwater equipment has created a focus on underwater low-frequency noise reduction technology. Highly efficient sound absorption at low frequencies below 500[Formula: see text]Hz is difficult to achieve with conventional underwater acoustic materials. Based on this, a Helmholtz tunable underwater sound-absorbing metasurface with an embedded curved rough neck (HMCRN) is proposed. The metasurface introduces a rubber coating and a curved rough metal neck in the metal hexagonal Helmholtz cavity. Compared to traditional Helmholtz resonators, the peak frequency of the metasurface is reduced to 151[Formula: see text]Hz at a thickness of 50[Formula: see text]mm. The external geometric parameters of the metasurface unit are unchanged (wall thickness and side length, etc.), and the internal geometric parameters (rubber coating thickness and neck roughness, etc.) are adjusted to achieve the frequency tunability of the metasurface. To meet the broadband low-frequency noise reduction requirements in underwater equipment, this paper designs four imperfect acoustic absorption metasurface units at discrete frequencies using complex frequency plane analysis. The four units are arranged in parallel to form a composite acoustic metasurface. The 50[Formula: see text]mm-thick composite acoustic metasurface realizes efficient sound absorption ([Formula: see text]) with a bandwidth of 298[Formula: see text]Hz in the range 98–396[Formula: see text]Hz due to the weak coupling between units. The sound-absorbing metasurface with the embedded curved rough neck is not only great theoretical guidance but also engineering application in underwater low-frequency noise control.
Optical soliton for stochastic Biswas–Milovic equation with parabolic law nonlinearity
Authors: Rizvi Syed T. R. , Ghafoor Sana , Farooq Adeel , Chaudhary M. T. , Seadawy Aly R.
Published: February 2025

A mathematical representation that includes probability in describing a system’s development is called a stochastic process. A random variable or noise-containing function is generally employed to represent a stochastic term in a mathematical model. In this paper, we analyze optical soliton (OS) solutions for the well-known Stochastic Biswas–Milovic equation (SBME) with the parabolic law nonlinearity. The Sub-ODE approach is used for this purpose. A variety of new optical soliton solutions are generated, including hyperbolic function, periodic solitons, rational solitons, Jacobi elliptic function (JEF), Weierstrass Elliptic Function (WEF), positive solitons, bright solitons, kink type solitons and dark solitons. Localized solitons, such as bright (positive peaks) and dark (localized dips) solitons, are explained by hyperbolic functions. Localized algebraic waves are represented by rational solitons, even with periodic and doubly-periodic solitons are depicted by JEF and WEF, respectively. Kink solitons represent a variety of nonlinear phenomena by connecting different asymptotic states. Bose–Einstein condensation, fiber optic sensors, plasma physics, optical communication and other fields belong to applications for these solitons. Additionally, we will plot graphs to visually represent the system’s response. To plot some graphs for SBME, we will first import the necessary libraries into Jupyter as a machine learning tool, including matplotlib, scipy.integrate and numpy.
Hopf Bifurcation in a Novel 3D-Chaotic System with a Four-Wing Attractor
Authors: Mohammed Bashdar M.
Published: February 2025

In this paper, based on the Central Manifold Theorem and Hopf Theorem, the Hopf bifurcation characteristics of a novel 3D-chaotic system with a four-wing attractor are studied. The stability of the equilibria of the system is examined. Additionally, the dynamics near the equilibria at infinity are explored using Poincaré compactification on polynomial vector fields in [Formula: see text]. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the system’s dynamics and provide insights into the behavior of its solutions.
Optimal Feature Selection-Based Face Liveness Detection Using Fused Long Short-Term Memory with Gated Recurrent Unit
Authors: Sathish Kumar Karne , Jyothi N.
Published: February 2025

Face-recognizing technology has been extensively utilized in individual authentication systems for successful performance. Although many investigations have demonstrated that recognized faces may be weak in an aggressive setting, where a competitor might pose as an authorized user to trick the technology yet, the system’s safety may become a critical concern. Although many ways to discern between genuine and synthetic faces are being presented, they’re laborious, costly, or dependent on noises and brightness. In existing, liveness detection becomes a crucial task and also it prone to attack based on some kind of spoofing materials. Thus, it makes the system more complex, and the detection of face liveness needs to be considered promptly. Henceforth, the research contributes to developing efficient deep learning models to tackle the complexities present in the existing conventional models to provide a better face-liveness detection model. At first, the images related to the face are attained from the benchmark resources. Then, the acquired images are utilized to perform nonlinear diffusion in the image. Additionally, the nonlinear diffused images are offered in the feature extraction phase. Here, the features are attained by deep learning techniques like VGG16, Residual Attention Network (RAN), and MobileNet. Further, the gathered features are provided to the weighted feature selection phase and the network parameters are tuned by the Adaptive Hybrid Mud Ring with Fruit Fly Optimization Algorithm (AHMR-FOA). At the end, the attained optimal selected features are fed to the face liveness detection phase. Here, effective face liveness detection is performed by Fused Long Short-Term Memory with a Gated Recurrent Unit (FLSTM-GRU) and secured better face liveness detection rate. Here, the hybrid optimization algorithm is used to tune the parameters of both LSTM and GRU. Thus, the developed face liveness detection model is secure and improves the performance rate than the traditional models through the experiment. Overall, the performance analysis of the proposed model performs enriched performance where it shows a value of 97 in terms of accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, and precision. Also, the developed model attains a value of 95 regarding the MCC measure. This analysis of the recommended model offers better detection performance in face liveness when compared with traditional methods.
Multidimensional Emotional Analysis Technology for Social Media Based on Viewpoint Extraction
Authors: Zhang Meng , Li Hongfeng , Yang Wei
Published: February 2025

With the global popularity of social media, how to effectively analyse the massive text data generated on these platforms to better understand users’ emotions and perspectives has become an important research direction. This study proposes a multidimensional sentiment analysis technique based on viewpoint extraction to overcome the shortcomings of traditional sentiment analysis methods in capturing emotional diversity and complexity. First, the study collects text data from various social media platforms, and after cleaning and preprocessing, constructs a sentiment analysis model that includes both serial and hybrid networks. In serial networks, a multi-layer architecture is adopted, including bidirectional encoders, convolutional neural networks, and bidirectional long short-term memory networks, to extract text features in an orderly manner. The hybrid network integrates the feature representations of different models and introduces a dual attention mechanism to enhance the ability to recognise evaluation objects and viewpoint holders. The results demonstrated that the proposed method exhibited enhanced accuracy, with improvements ranging from 1.51% to 0.96% in comparison to other serial or parallel models, and from 9.09% in comparison to other models. Introducing a dual attention mechanism significantly improves the accuracy of sentiment information extraction, with a performance improvement of about 5-6% compared to using only ordinary algorithms. This further substantiates the pivotal role of hierarchical feature extraction. Finally, the research findings provide a new perspective for social media sentiment analysis, which is expected to play an important role in practical applications such as marketing and public opinion monitoring. Further research will be conducted with the aim of expanding the data sample to enhance the model’s generalisation ability.
Future of Reproductive Genetics
Authors: Wang Jiahui , Ni Tianxiang , Yan Junhao
Published: February 2025

The history and development of reproductive genetics span centuries of scientific exploration and technological innovation. Today, the importance of offspring health and further understanding of the relevant molecular mechanisms and interdisciplinary knowledge have led to significant advancements, which are gradually appearing in clinical settings. However, whether this rapid progress in reproductive genetics could lead to technical, ethical, and economic problems warrants evaluation. This brief review introduces a range of approaches to reproductive genetics, from the earliest to the most recent, and discusses future concerns regarding the large-scale use of emerging reproductive genetic tools.
Elevated tumor mutation burden in patients with cancer with underlying HIV infection: data from the Oncology Research Information Exchange Network (ORIEN)
Authors: Coghill Anna E. , Van Bibber Nathan , Baiocchi Robert A. , Arnold Susanne M. , Riedlinger Gregory , Schneider Bryan P. , Zhang Yonghong , Suneja Gita , Gomez Fontela Miguel , Abate-Daga Daniel , Teer Jamie K.
Published: February 2025

Background: People living with HIV (PWH) have improved life expectancy due to effective HIV therapy but still experience immune impairment (e.g., altered CD4/CD8 T-cells). We hypothesized that tumors diagnosed in PWH would have distinct molecular features. Methods: We utilized whole exome sequencing of paired tumor and germline DNA and RNA sequencing of tumors from 229 patients with cancer enrolled into ORIEN to classify: total tumor mutation burden (TMB), major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I neoantigen count, and MHC class II neoantigen count. Results: Specimens from 229 patients with cancer (110 PWH and 119 without HIV) were evaluated. Average TMB for tumors diagnosed in PWH was 249, compared to 172 for those without HIV. After adjustment for age, sex, race, smoking, and cancer site, the association between HIV and TMB remained statistically significant (OR=1.72; 95% CI: 1.26-2.43). We further observed an association between HIV and higher class I neoantigen count (OR=1.62; 95% CI: 1.10-2.41) but no association with putative class II neoantigens. When considering cancer sites separately in unadjusted analyses, average TMB was elevated in PWH for thyroid (p<0.01) and bladder cancers (p=0.03), and sarcoma (p=0.04). Similarly, putative class I neoantigen count was elevated in PWH for head & neck (p<0.01) and thyroid (p=0.01) cancers, and sarcoma (p=0.04). Conclusion: Our findings indicate that tumors diagnosed in PWH harbor a higher TMB and a higher number of putative class I neoantigens. Impact. A higher TMB in PWH may portend a more favorable response to cancer treatment modalities such as immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Greater adherence to lifestyle recommendations after cancer diagnosis is associated with lower mortality in the UK Biobank
Authors: Byrne Stephanie , Hypponen Elina , Benyamin Beben , Boyle Terry
Published: February 2025

Background: Research supporting the current recommendation to adhere to a healthy lifestyle following cancer diagnosis is limited. We investigated whether a healthy lifestyle after diagnosis is associated with a lower risk of mortality among those diagnosed with any malignant cancer, and breast, colorectal and prostate cancers. Methods: In 2006-2010, UK Biobank participants (aged 37-73 years) were assessed. Analyses were restricted to those with a malignant cancer diagnosis prior to baseline (n=20,805, including 5,845 breast, 1,943 colorectal and 2,715 prostate cancer cases). Participants were followed for all-cause and cancer-specific death up to November 2022. A lifestyle index was determined based on lifestyle recommendations for cancer prevention. Cox regression was used to examine associations with all-cause and cancer-specific mortality among those with any cancer, and separately for breast, colorectal and prostate cancers, adjusting for relevant confounders. Results: There were 4,328 deaths and 3,354 cancer-specific deaths in the 258,985 person-years of follow up. A higher lifestyle index, representing greater adherence to recommendations, was associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality (any cancer - highest vs lowest lifestyle index tertile: HR[95%CI]=0.77[0.71,0.83]; breast: 0.75[0.64,0.88]; colorectal: 0.68[0.52,0.89]; prostate: 0.73[0.59,0.89]), and cancer-specific mortality in all populations examined (any cancer: 0.82[0.75,0.89]; breast: 0.88[0.71,1.09]; colorectal: 0.58[0.36,0.94]; prostate: 0.70[0.53,0.93]), although evidence was weaker for cancer-specific mortality among colorectal and breast cancer survivors. Conclusions: Our findings provide evidence to support the recommendation to follow a healthy lifestyle after cancer diagnosis to prolong life. Impact: Clinical guidelines and public health programs promoting a healthy lifestyle to cancer survivors may prolong life.
Supplementary Table 6 from Acetalax and Bisacodyl for the Treatment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Combined Molecular and Preclinical Study
Authors: Reinhold William C. , Marangoni Elisabetta , Elloumi Fathi , Montagne Remi , Varma Sudhir , Wang Yanghsin , Rezai Keyvan , Morriset Ludivine , Dahmani Ahmed , El Botty Rania , Huguet Léa , Mizunuma Makito , Takebe Naoko , Huguet Samuel , Luna Augustin , Pommier Yves
Published: February 2025

Supplementary Table 6
Supplementary Table 5 from Acetalax and Bisacodyl for the Treatment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Combined Molecular and Preclinical Study
Authors: Reinhold William C. , Marangoni Elisabetta , Elloumi Fathi , Montagne Remi , Varma Sudhir , Wang Yanghsin , Rezai Keyvan , Morriset Ludivine , Dahmani Ahmed , El Botty Rania , Huguet Léa , Mizunuma Makito , Takebe Naoko , Huguet Samuel , Luna Augustin , Pommier Yves
Published: February 2025

Supplementary Table 5
Figure 4 from Acetalax and Bisacodyl for the Treatment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Combined Molecular and Preclinical Study
Authors: Reinhold William C. , Marangoni Elisabetta , Elloumi Fathi , Montagne Remi , Varma Sudhir , Wang Yanghsin , Rezai Keyvan , Morriset Ludivine , Dahmani Ahmed , El Botty Rania , Huguet Léa , Mizunuma Makito , Takebe Naoko , Huguet Samuel , Luna Augustin , Pommier Yves
Published: February 2025

GSEA of RNA-seq for PDX HBCx-185 PDX treated with Acetalax or bisacodyl. A, Acetalax treatment at 4 hours (left plot) and 24 hours (right plot) as compared with no drug controls. B, Bisacodyl treatment at 4 hours (left plot) and 24 hours (right plot) as compared with no drug controls. For all experiments, four to five mice were used as biological replicates for both the drug treated and no drug controls. All categories shown have significant enrichment (P < 0.0008).
Induction of Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cell Death and Chemosensitivity using mTORC2-directed RNAi Nanomedicine
Authors: Patel Shrusti S. , Cook Rebecca S. , Lo Justin H. , Cherry Fiona K. , Hoogenboezem Ella N. , Yu Fang , Francini Nora , Cassidy Nina T. , McCune Joshua T. , Gbur Eva F. , Messier Lisa , Dean Thomas A. , Wilson Kalin L. , Brantley-Sieders Dana M. , Duvall Craig L.
Published: February 2025

Alterations in the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling / mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway are often seen in triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs), a breast cancer subtype characterized by limited molecularly targeted treatment options and poorer patient outcomes. We report that gene amplification or overexpression of the mTORC2-required cofactor RICTOR correlated with increased mTORC2 signaling and worse patient outcome in clinical BC expression datasets, supporting studies examining selective mTORC2 inhibition in TNBC. The mTOR kinase inhibitor PP242 blocks both mTORC1 and mTORC2, which decreases growth and survival of RICTOR-amplified TNBC cells. However, mTORC1 inhibition by PP242 causes resurgent PI3K kinase signaling, limiting its therapeutic impact. In contrast, knockdown using short interfering RNA (siRNA) designed against Rictor (siRictor) did not increase PI3K or mTORC1 signaling, but potently blocked mTORC2 signaling, resulting in robust inhibition of tumor cell growth and survival. We developed siRictor-loaded nanoparticles to enable therapeutic testing of Rictor silencing in TNBCs in vivo. Intravenous delivery of this mTORC2-selective nanomedicine achieved siRNA accumulation and on-target gene silencing in TNBC tumors in vivo. Rictor silencing blocked tumor mTORC2 signaling and growth in multiple TNBC mouse models while also improving TNBC tumor response to chemotherapy. These findings support the further development of technologies for therapeutic Rictor silencing as an effective approach for mTORC2-selective inhibition and treatment in TNBC.