bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
РАЗМЫВАЮЩАЯ СКОРОСТЬ ВОДНОГО ПОТОКА ДЛЯ ДЕРНОВО-ПОДЗОЛИСТЫХ ПОЧВ НА РАЗНЫХ АГРОФОНАХ
Authors: Цыбулько Н.Н. , Цырибко В.Б. , Юхновец А.В. , Жукова И.И. , Логачев И.А.
Published: October 2024

Дерново-подзолистые почвы непосредственно после механической обработки характеризуются очень низкой противоэрозионной стойкостью. Величина размывающей скорости водного потока не превышает 11,1 см с–1. Устойчивость почв к размыву снижается с повышением степени их эрозионной деградации. Использование эродированных почв в почвозащитных травянозерновых севооборотах способствует повышению их устойчивости к эрозии. Средне- и сильноэродированные почвы на лессовидных суглинках в зерновом севообороте отличались низкими показателями размывающей скорости водного потока – 16,5–18,5 см с–1, а в травянозерновом севообороте –высоким и средним (33,1 и 29,8 см с–1). При органоминеральной системе удобрения наблюдалось повышение противоэрозионной стойкости почв по сравнению с минеральной системой удобрения. Размывающая скорость водного потока составила в среднем на неэродированной почве 25,7 см с–1, на среднеэродированной почве – 21,8 см‧с–1, на сильноэродированной почве – 18,5 см‧с–1. Внесение известковых мелиорантов на фоне органоминеральной системы удобрения не привело к ее повышению. Установлена тесная корреляционная связь (r=0,76) между размывающей скоростью водного потока и показателем средневзвешенного диаметра водопрочных агрегатов в почве.
Expect the unexpected
Authors: Rahul R. , Priti R.
Published: October 2024

A clinician must be familiar with the expected and unexpected root canal morphology that might be encountered during treatment. It plays the most significant role in determining the prognosis of the endodontically treated tooth. This article presents two cases reports of the endodontic treatment of upper first molar and retreatment of mandibular second premolar with a variable root canal anatomy.

Клиницисту необходимо владеть информацией об ожидаемой и необычной морфологии корневого канала, которая может встретиться во время лечения. Она играет наиболее важную роль в определении прогноза эндо- донтического лечения. В данной статье представлены два случая эндодонтического лечения верхнего первого моляра и повторного лечения второго премоляра нижней челюсти с вариантной анатомией корневого канала.
mplementation of the principles of oncological alertness in the treatment of patients with pathological processes of the oral mucosa
Authors: Reshetov I.V. , Nikolenko V.N. , Kochurova E.V. , Izhnina E.V. , Panferova O.I. , Zotov A.V.
Published: October 2024

Background. Due to frequent traumatization, especially in the presence of harmful habits, the oral mucosa is subject to high risks of cancer development during a person's life. Early diagnostics of possible mucosal cancers during dental examination is a basic principle of cancer awareness. However, despite this, the disease is frequently diagnosed only at stages III-IV, when the main therapeutic measures are symptomatic and palliative.Clinical Cases are presented from the practice of early detection of carcinoma in situ in patient Y., 48 years old and patient B., 35 years old, who consulted a dental clinic for clinical professional cleaning of teeth. Conclusion. If a malignant process of the oral mucosa is suspected at the stage of the dental polyclinic, the use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of the oral fluid allows to increase the diagnostic performance non-invasively. The inclusion of saliva enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the algorithm improves the diagnostic efficacy and allows early detection of oral squamous cell carcinoma

Введение. В связи с высокой травматизацией, особенно при наличии вредных привычек в период жиз- недеятельности человека, слизистая оболочка рта имеет высокие риски малигнизации. При этом ранняя диагностика возможной онкопатологии слизистой оболочки на стоматологическом приеме является базо- вым принципом онконастороженности. Но, несмотря на это, онкодиагностика выявляет лишь III–IV стадии заболевания, когда основными лечебными мероприятиями являются симптоматические и паллиативные. Целью работы явилось применение ранней неинвазивной диагностики возможного опухолевого процесса на этапе стоматологического поликлинического звена. Клинические наблюдения представлены случаями из практики раннего выявления carcinoma in situ па- циентов Я. 48 лет и Б. 35 лет, обратившихся в стоматологическую клинику для проведения клинической профессиональной чистки зубов. Заключение. При подозрении на злокачественный процесс слизистой оболочки рта на этапе стоматоло- гического поликлинического звена применение иммуноферментного анализа ротовой жидкости позволяет повысить уровень диагностики неинвазивно. Включение в алгоритм иммуноферментного анализа слюны позволяет повысить диагностическую эффективность раннего выявления плоскоклеточного рака полости рта.
Application and Medicinal of Terpenoids
Authors:   Centro de Investigação da Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Portugal., Borges Ana , Mandim Filipa ,   Centro de Investigação da Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Portugal., A Heleno Sandrina ,   Centro de Investigação da Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Portugal., Calhelha Ricardo C ,   Centro de Investigação da Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Portugal.
Published: October 2024

There has been a rise in interest in terpenoids due to their variety of chemical forms and their distinct biological features, providing a range of applications in various industries, and enabling a significant economic, social, and environmental value. A systematic review was conducted based on the results of the collected scientific articles using Web of Science, Scopus, Scielo, Science Direct, and PubMed databases. This article examines the characteristics of terpenoids and their biological effects, concentrating on their anti-aging effects. Additionally, it discusses the various industrial applications and drawbacks of their application. Thanks to their activity, terpenoids play a significant part in various industries, making them important compounds with a wide range of applications. They are also frequently used and have excellent development prospects. emphasizing in particular their anti-aging qualities. Future research should focus on terpenoids’ broad toxicity, their catalytic mechanism, bioavailability, pharmacodynamics, biomarkers, extensive examinations of their bioactive qualities, and their usage in various industries in light of their effectiveness.
A Valuation of Key Players Involved in Securing a Healthy National Staple Food Security Status: A Case Study of Zambia
Authors:   Institute of Distance Education, University of Zambia, Zambia, Sijamba Daniel Fulaulo
Published: October 2024

This paper seeks to evaluate the key players involved in securing a healthy staple food security status in a country using Zambia as a case study, and what should be done to effectively, and collectively guarantee a healthy food security status. This was a qualitative study, and the desk research approach was used to collect data. The principles of content analysis (NVivo) were applied to analyse secondary data, which was obtained through google scholar, materials from E-library of University of Zambia and various publications from Zambia´s Ministry of Agriculture, Finance, Green Economy, and Lands respectively. According to the findings, the players include Small-scale farmers, Large-scale farmers, and the Government of the Republic of Zambia. The study also revealed that, the country may have a staple food shortage due to the drought situation in most parts of the country.
NMR and SPR Fragment-Based Screening Can Produce Novel High Affinity Small Molecule Hits Against Structured RNAs
Authors: Kwai Brooke , Chandrashekaran Indu , Mohanty Biswaranjan , Gunzburg Menachem , Doak Bradley , Sethi Ashish , Pillay Shubhadra , Lok David , Harrison Sean , Serrano Pedro , Barile Elisa , Scanlon Martin
Published: October 2024

Non-coding RNAs account for up to 98 % of the human transcriptome. It has become increasingly clear that non-coding RNAs play diverse and critical roles in many important cellular functions. Although modulation of non-coding RNAs using small molecules is a promising therapeutic strategy, there are relatively few well-characterised RNA-ligand structures. Therefore, the structure-interaction relationships of RNA-targeting small molecules remain underexplored. Here we present a fragment-based screening approach using biophysical assays to identify and evaluate fragments that bind to the theophylline RNA aptamer, which we use as a model system. We were able to identify high affinity fragment hits and generate models of RNA-ligand complexes using a combination of biophysical data and computational docking. Together, these provided insights into the RNA-fragment interactions that underpin binding. This approach demonstrates the feasibility of identifying high-affinity RNA-targeting small molecules with limited structural information.
Novel Therapeutic Applications of Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in Enhancing Neurological Regeneration and Repair
Authors: Farmahini Farahani Arshia
Published: October 2024

Exosome-based therapies have emerged as a promising frontier in the field of regenerative medicine, particularly for neural repair. Exosomes, which are microvesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), neural stem cells (NSCs), and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), exhibit significant regenerative potential. This manuscript aims to explore the therapeutic prospects of exosome-based treatments in neural injury and neurodegenerative conditions. Recent advancements have deepened our understanding of exosome cargo, including microRNAs (miRNAs), proteins, and growth factors, which are critical to their regenerative capacity. Exosomes operate at various levels to support neuroprotection, enhance axonal growth, promote synaptic plasticity, and modulate immune responses. This paper further discusses the efficacy of exosome treatments, highlighting ongoing and recent clinical studies that investigate the therapeutic benefits of exosomes, particularly through intranasal and intravenous administration routes. Despite their potential, several challenges remain, notably in the large-scale production, distribution, and immune compatibility of exosome-based therapies. This review also addresses future directions for enhancing exosome targeting within neural tissues, with a focus on bioengineering strategies to improve treatment precision. While exosome therapies hold promise for addressing neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and stroke, further research is needed before they can be fully integrated into clinical practice.
Racial Diversity in Cancer Models: A Call to Action for Nanomedicine Researchers
Authors: Wang Lucy , Ejedenawe Oluwatomilayo , Lheureux Stephanie , Rodin Danielle , Allen Christine
Published: October 2024

Global cancer incidence is projected to surge by 47% from 2020 to 2040, exacerbating existing healthcare disparities, particularly among ethnically diverse women. This article examines the urgent need for equitable therapeutic innovation in cancer care, focusing on the lack of diversity in preclinical cancer models. Our analysis of the top 50 cited papers on gynecological cancers in nanomedicine reveals an overreliance on cell lines predominantly of European origin, raising questions about the generalizability of findings. Using the Estimated Cell Line Ancestry database, we further explore the underrepresentation of equity deserving groups in available cancer cell lines while highlighting challenges and strategies that can be employed to address this growing issue.
Batch and continuous synthesis of 5,5-diphenylhydantoin, an active pharmaceutical ingredient
Authors: Siopa Filipa , Perry Maria , Francisco, Ana P. , Afonso Carlos
Published: October 2024

A teaching laboratory protocol was developed for the implementation of an ultrasound-assisted continuous-flow synthesis of 5,5-diphenylhydantoin, a drug used for epilepsy and tonic-clonic seizures. This methodology allowed students to understand concepts of green chemistry, ultrasound irradiation, continuous flow chemistry and drug synthesis.
Vulcanization accelerators and silica coupling agents in polyisoprene melts
Authors: Patsalidis Nikolaos , Papakonstantopoulos George , Domurath Jan , Polinska Patrycja , Burkhart Craig , Harmandaris Vagelis , Doxastakis Manolis
Published: October 2024

The achievement of sufficient dispersion of vulcanization accelerators is critical to tailoring superior cross-linked elastomers. Modern recipes rely on multicomponent formulations with silica particles covered by coupling agents. We study the molecular properties of select accelerators in polyisoprene melts and their affinity for functionalized surfaces via extensive all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. We focus on the common (N-cyclohexyl)-2-benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBS), 1,6-Bis((dibenzylthiocarbamoyl)disulfanyl) hexane (DBTH) and diphenyl guanidine (DPG) molecules and their mixing characteristics at curing temperatures. Our results support a low association affinity for CBS and DBTH with polyisoprene, whereas DPG forms small hydrogen-bonded aggregates. Subsequently, we examine systems in contact with silica interfaces, bare or grafted with (3-Mercaptopropyl) triethoxysilane (MPTES), (3- Octanoylthio) 1-propyl-triethoxysilane (NXT), and bis (triethoxypropyl) disulfide (TESPD). Accelerator-substrate affinity is first assessed at infinite dilution using free energy calculations and subsequently at finite concentrations. Accelerators exhibit high substrate affinity (DPG >CBS >DBTH) irrespective of functionalization. However, coupling agents are able to displace from the surface a significant amount that increases with the grafting density and the size of the coupling agent. Finally, we investigate the behavior of DPG in binary DPG-CBS formulations, where the former can act as a covering agent that solubilizes CBS into the bulk polymer
Mini-Review on Sodium Benzoate: Its Uses, Adverse Effects, and Environmental Impact as a Pharmaceutical Product
Authors: Mohammed Dania , Issa Hayder
Published: October 2024

This short overview summarizes sodium benzoate's (SB) dual role as a useful preservative and a possible threat to human and environmental health. This review provides a concise summary of uses, adverse effects, and environmental impact of SB. SB is widely used as a preservative in pharmaceuticals and food products due to its ability to inhibit microbial growth, thus extending the shelf life of various formulations, including syrups and ointments. While generally considered safe, SB can cause allergic reactions and may contribute to conditions like ADHD, particularly in children. It can also disrupt gut microbiota balance. The paper highlights the concerns regarding the environmental persistence of SB. Although it is biodegradable, its degradation rate can vary based on conditions and concentrations. Improper wastewater treatment can lead to its accumulation in aquatic ecosystems, posing risks to both the environment and human health. The review emphasizes the need for awareness regarding the long-term effects of sodium benzoate in ecosystems and suggests that environmentally friendly technologies could mitigate its impact.
Experiencia multidisciplinar en la enseñanza - aprendizaje de rectificadores semicontrolados para electrónica de potencia
Authors: Hernández Gómez Óscar , Patarroyo Gutiérrez Luis David
Published: October 2024

El desarrollo de proyectos que conllevan a solucionar problemas de situaciones reales, es un tema que a nivel de enseñanza en ingeniería debe ser abordado con el fin de dar herramientas base a los futuros ingenieros para su desempeño profesional. Un problema real y conocido a nivel industrial es el control de velocidad de motores DC, que, aunque ha sido solucionado ampliamente, sirve de base para el presente trabajo. Partiendo del problema mencionado se busca que los estudiantes de Electrónica de Potencia de la escuela de ingeniería electrónica de la Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia (Uptc) sede Tunja, hagan uso de su conocimiento multidisciplinar en áreas como la instrumentación electrónica, electrónica básica, microcontroladores, modelado de sistemas, máquinas eléctricas y control digital, para plantear un convertidor de potencia AC/DC que proporcione una solución al problema propuesto. El problema está delimitado en el control de la velocidad de un motor DC de un banco de pruebas DL210 del laboratorio de electrónica de la Universidad, la solución debe estar asociada a la temática de rectificadores controlados vista en la materia de Electrónica de Potencia. Se han planteado diversos resultados de aprendizaje basados en la taxonomía de Bloom relacionados con los dominios de aprendizaje cognitivo y afectivo. Adicionalmente se plantea a los estudiantes diligenciar un instrumento tipo encuesta anónima para evitar cohibición en sus respuestas, con el fin de realimentar sus comentarios y observaciones relacionadas con el desarrollo del proyecto en cuanto a efectividad en el proceso de enseñanza del tema, problemas o dificultades en el desarrollo del proyecto, trabajo en equipo, y resultado final obtenido. A partir del instrumento de realimentación se obtienen las conclusiones del resultado del ejercicio con el fin de evaluar mejoras en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje del tema.
Pengembangan E-Booklet Bernuansa Emotional Spiritual Quotient (ESQ) Tentang Materi Perubahan Lingkungan untuk Peserta Didik Kelas X Fase E SMA/MA
Authors: Ayunda Sonia Nurul , Lufri Lufri , Zulyusri Zulyusri , Fajrina Suci
Published: October 2024

Pendidikan bertujuan untuk memaksimalkan potensi peserta didik agar terwujudnya suatu kepribadian yang berkarakter dalam dirinya. Berdasarkan hasil studi pendahuluan diketahui selama proses belajar mengajar biologi guru hanya berpusat pada kecerdasan intelektual dan masih kurang memperhatikan kecerdasan emosional serta kecerdasan spiritual peserta didik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan tingkat validitas dan praktikabilitas E-booklet bernuansa ESQ yang dihasilkan tentang materi perubahan lingkungan untuk peserta didik kelas X fase E SMA/MA. Penelitian ini adalah riset pengembangan yang menggunakan model four-D, yakni tahap define, design, develop, dan disseminate. Namun, penelitian ini hanya sebatas tahap develop saja. Data dianalisis dalam bentuk statistik deskriptif. Hasil uji validitas E-booklet bernuansa ESQ diperoleh nilai 91,22% dengan  kriteria sangat valid. Hasil uji praktikalitas oleh guru diperoleh nilai 91,67% dan dari peserta didik diperoleh nilai 91,13% dengan kriteria keduanya sangat praktis. Rata-rata keseluruhan praktikalitas guru dan peserta didik yaitu 91,40% dengan kriteria sangat praktis.
Islamic Religious School as An Alternative Education Institution in the Global Era: A Bibliometric and Thematic Analysis
Authors: Hussin Mohd Yahya Mohd , Muhammad Fidlizan , Razak Azila Abdul , Awang Salwa Amirah
Published: October 2024

This study conducted a bibliometric and thematic analysis on research related to Islamic religious schools from 1995 to 2022. The research objectives were to: (1) assess the current growth and publication trends in Islamic religious school studies; (2) identify the most prolific contributors in this field; (3) determine the highly cited documents in Islamic religious school research; and (4) explore emerging research themes and areas in Islamic religious school studies. Data were collected from the Scopus database using keywords such as "Islamic religious school," "Islamic school," "pesantren," "madrasa," "pondok," and "Islamic schooling." A total of 690 documents were initially obtained, and after screening, 297 documents were included for analysis. The data were analyzed using tools like Biblioshiny and Microsoft Excel. The results showed that most publications were in 2022 (63 publications). The most significant publishers with the most research documents were Merry MS by the author (5 publications), University of Malaya by institution (26 publications), and Jurnal Pendidikan Islam by the source (24 publications). This study found the article entitled; ‘‘Unveiled Sentiments: Gendered Islamophobia and Experiences of Veiling among Muslim Girls in a Canadian Islamic School’’ written by Zine, as the most global cited document with 152 citations. Moreover, based on the results of thematic map and evolution, Islamic religious school research was divided into four main themes: Islamic Education and Pedagogy, Social and Cultural Perspectives, Comparative Studies and Global Perspectives, and Leadership and Governance. This study highlighted the need for further comparative studies across diverse contexts, inclusion of underrepresented regions and countries, examination of pedagogical approaches and educational outcomes, exploration of contemporary challenges, and policy implications and educational reform. By addressing these gaps, researchers can contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of Islamic religious schools and their role in providing alternative education in the global era.
South African TVET Students’ Perceptions of Their Online Learning Experiences and Challenges: A Pilot Study
Authors: Mesuwini Joseph
Published: October 2024

Learning in Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) has been largely conducted through conventional methods. However, today, where information and communication technology plays a major role in people’s daily lives, learning now relies on how students respond to literate teaching and learning technologies. The unavailability of online learning technologies in the TVET sector continues to underplay its value in breaking long-standing learning barriers such as class sizes and timetabling. The challenge is its adoption in TVET, which is still in its infancy compared to universities. Therefore, online learning is gaining momentum as a pedagogical tool in the TVET sector. The paper aimed to discuss TVET students’ experiences during online learning. The study focused on how online learning impacts students’ learning experiences in the TVET sector. A qualitative approach was used, and data were gathered from 25 engineering students using Google Forms. Participant observation was also employed to confirm the findings. Engineering distance learning students were purposively and conveniently selected for the study. A conceptual framework was adopted from Aparicio et al.’s e-learning theory. Data were analysed thematically based on emerging themes. Findings showed that some students failed to attend online classes due to a shortage of smartphones/laptops, data, lack of communication from tutors and poor connectivity. Results revealed that students endorsed online learning for augmenting face-to-face contact sessions and flexibility to engage anytime. The study results indicated the existence of challenges, with notable progress. Addressing the challenges and acquiring a data-free learning management system could enhance online teaching and learning.
INDUCTION ENDOSPORE FORMATION OF Bacillus subtilis KM16 AS A PROBIOTIC CANDIDATE BY OPTIMIZATION OF THE GROWTH CONDITIONS
Authors: Magdalena Stella , Geraldine Adelaide , Yogiara
Published: October 2024

Probiotics are living microorganisms which have beneficial effects. One of the benefits is enhancing immunity. Therefore, probiotics are often supplemented into food, medical, and aquaculture products. B. subtilis KM16 as endospore-producing bacteria have been known to increase probiotic resistance to confront the unstable conditions of the digestive tract. Spore formation of Bacillus is supported by the optimal condition of growth medium and incubation periods. The sufficient availability of carbon, nitrogen, and mineral source in the growth medium, and environmental conditions can support the formation of optimal endospores. This research aimed to determine the suitable sugar composition of a medium and optimum incubation time suitable for endospores formation of B. subtilis KM16. Glucose and maltose were utilized as a carbon source in several concentration as a growth medium for B. subtilis KM 16. The incubation time was 48 and 72 hours. The viable number of vegetative cells was not significantly different for the type of sugar and incubation periods. Based on the glucose concentration, 0.2% glucose exhibited the uppermost number of cells, while 1% glucose concentration caused the decrease of vegetative cells. In this study, 0.2% glucose with 48 hours incubation period showed the highest percentage of sporulation frequencies, up to 48%, but it was not significantly different from the other glucose concentration. The medium that contains 0.2% glucose with 48 hours incubation period is the best medium for the utilization of B. subtilis KM16 cells and spores as probiotic candidates.
PPK Yöntemi ile İHA Verilerinden Üretilen Ortofoto ve SYM Ürünlerinin Konumsal Doğruluğunun Araştırılması: Antarktika’daki Horseshoe Adası Örneği
Authors: Günaydın Esra , Selbesoğlu Mahmut Oğuz , Karabulut Mustafa Fahri , Vassilev Oleg , Akpınar Burak , Yanalak Mustafa , Oktar Özgün , Özsoy Burcu
Published: October 2024

Küresel iklim değişikliği süreçlerinin daha iyi anlaşılabilmesi ve insanlığın gelecekteki süreçlere uyum sağlayabilmesi açısından buzul alanlardaki değişikliklerin izlenmesi önem taşımaktadır. Buzul değişimlerinin takibi için kullanılan yöntemlerden birisi olan insansız hava aracı (İHA) fotogrametrisi ile kriyosferin ve buzul değişikliklerinin yüksek konumsal doğrulukla izlenebilmesi için küresel konum belirleme sistemlerine (Global Navigation Satellite System-GNSS) dayanan konum belirleme yöntemleri kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Antarktika'da, Türk Bilimsel Araştırma Kampı'na ev sahipliği yapan Horseshoe Adası'nda, buzul takibi amacıyla belirlenen bir test alanında kinematik ölçme sonrası değerlendirme (Post Processing Kinematic-PPK) yöntemi kullanılarak üretilen fotogrametrik ürünlerin konumsal doğruluğu araştırılmıştır. Hava fotoğraflarından hareket ile nesne oluşturma (Structure from Motion-SfM) yöntemine dayanarak üretilen ortofoto ve sayısal yükseklik modelinin (SYM) konum doğruluğu, arazide klasik gerçek zamanlı kinematik (Real Time Kinematic-RTK) konum belirleme yöntemiyle konumları belirlenmiş yer kontrol noktaları kullanılarak elde edilmiştir. Yatay ve düşey koordinatlar için hesaplanan karesel ortalama hata değerleri sırasıyla 1.05 cm, 0.52 cm ve 11.33 cm’dir.
Sülfürleme Süresinin Sulu Çözelti Karışımı ile Hazırlanan Cu2SnS3 İnce filmlerin Özellikleri Üzerine Etkisi
Authors: Erkan Sevde , Atasoy Yavuz , Olğar Mehmet Ali , Zan Recep
Published: October 2024

Bu çalışmada, basit ve çevre dostu sulu bir öncül karışım kullanılarak Cu2SnS3 (CTS) ince filmleri dönel kaplama sisteminde üretilmiştir. 2- metoksi etanol -saf su çözeltisi kullanılarak hızlı tavlama fırınında büyütülen CTS ince filmlerinde sülfürleme süresinin yapısal, optik ve elektrik özellikler üzerine etkileri ayrıntılı bir şekilde incelenmiştir. 525°C’de 60s, 180s ve 300s bekleme sürelerinde üretilen CTS ince filmlerin, Cu-zengini stokiyometriye sahip olduğu ve monoklinik fazda kristalleştiği Enerji Dağılımlı X-ışını spektroskopisi (EDX) ile tespit edilmiştir. X ışını kırınımı (XRD) analizleri ile hesaplanan parametrelere göre, 35.6 nm kristal boyutuna sahip CTS-180 örneğinin diğer numunelere kıyasla daha düşük dislokasyon yoğunluğuna ve mikro gerinime sahip olduğu, dolayısı ile daha yüksek kalitede kristalleştiği tespit edilmiştir. Raman analizleri, XRD sonuçlarında ortaya çıkan CTS monoklinik fazı ve ikincil faz oluşumlarını desteklemektedir. Diğer taraftan, örneklerin Taramalı Elektron Mikroskopisi (SEM) ile yüzey görüntüleri incelendiğinde sülfürleme süresinin filmlerin yüzey morfolojisini değiştirdiği belirlenmiştir. Sülfürleme süresinin artması ile homojen dağılımlı kompakt yüzey görüntülerinin elde edildiği tespit edilmiştir. Yapılan optik soğurma ölçümleri ile örneklerin yasak enerji bant aralığı değerlerinin 1.01-1.10 eV arasında olduğu belirlenmiş, bu değerlerin aynı zamanda CTS’nin monoklinik fazına atfedilmiştir. CTS-180 örneğinin diğerlerine göre daha yüksek taşıyıcı yoğunluğuna ve daha düşük özdirence sahip olduğu belirlenmiş olup, tüm karakterizasyon sonuçlarına göre CTS-180 örneğinin güneş hücre uygulamaları için uygun yapısal, morfolojik optik ve elektrik özellikler sergilediği sonucuna varılmıştır.
Application of spatiotemporal scan statistics in cases of intentional homicides in northern Brazil
Authors: Alves Henrique José de Paula , Batista Ben Dêivide de Oliveira
Published: October 2024

The crime of intentional homicide in Brazil is worrying. In the northern region, this type of crime has been growing since 2020. In this sense, we decided to apply Kuldorff's prospective space-time scan statistics in order to identify emerging counties. We conclude that there are two emerging clusters of high relative risk (Amazonas and Pará) that require rapid intervention and two clusters of low relative risk (Acre, Roraima, Amazonas, Amapá and Pará) that do not require urgent intervention. Some characteristics of these two clusters are presented: radius, population, relative risk, likelihood ratio.
Proposal of methods for determining the optimal size of experimental plots
Authors: Garcia Lopes Beatriz , Villela Savian Taciana , Amorim Faria Glaucia , Augusto Muniz Joel
Published: October 2024

Adequate planning of experiments is extremely important and for this to occur, the appropriate choice ofplot size is essential. Thus, determining the plot size seeks to increase experimental precision, since precision decreases when a plot size smaller than the ideal is chosen; on the other hand, when opting for plot sizes larger than the ideal, the researcher may use more resources than necessary, as well as increasing the time to set up the experiment. Therefore, this work aimed to propose two new methods for determining the optimal size of experimental plots, which were applied in experiments with yellow passion fruit in the field, and compare them to the modified maximum curvature method. The maximum curvature method of the modified Vx function uses the equation proposed by Smith and the maximum curvature method of the modified CVx function uses the equation proposed by Thomas. The modified maximum curvature method of the CV(x) function proved to be suitable for estimating the optimal size of plots in experiments with yellow passion fruit. It is recommended to use the optimal plot size of 4 plants per plot for variables related to the fruit, 5 plants per plot for variables related to the pulp and for the production variables of 9 plants per plot.
Safety evaluation of the food enzyme triacylglycerol lipase from the non‐genetically modified Limtongozyma cylindracea strain AE‐LAYH (B)
Authors:   EFSA Panel on Food Enzymes (FEZ), Barat Baviera José Manuel , Bolognesi Claudia , Catania Francesco , Gadermaier Gabriele , Greiner Ralf , Mayo Baltasar , Mortensen Alicja , Roos Yrjö Henrik , Solano Marize L. M. , Sramkova Monika , Van Loveren Henk , Vernis Laurence , Chesson Andrew , Herman Lieve , Aguilera Jaime , Andryszkiewicz Magdalena , Criado Ana , Liu Yi , Nielsen Elsa , Norby Karin , Zorn Holger
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The food enzyme, a triacylglycerol lipase (triacylglycerol acylhydrolase; EC 3.1.1.3), is produced with the non‐genetically modified Limtongozyma cylindracea strain AE‐LAYH (B) by Amano Enzyme Inc. It is intended to be used in six food manufacturing processes. Since residual amounts of food enzyme–total organic solids (TOS) are removed in one process, dietary exposure was calculated only for the remaining five food manufacturing processes. It was estimated to be up to 0.315 mg TOS/kg body weight (bw) per day in European populations. As the production strain qualifies for the quality presumption of safety (QPS) approach of safety assessment and no issue of concern arising from the production process of the food enzyme were identified, the Panel considered that no toxicological studies other than the assessment of allergenicity were necessary. A homology search for the amino acid sequence of the food enzyme to those of known allergens was made and one match with a honeybee venom allergen was found. The Panel considered that a risk of allergic reactions by dietary exposure, particularly in individuals allergic to honey, cannot be excluded, but is considered to be low. Based on the data provided, the QPS status of the production strain and the absence of issues of concern arising from the food enzyme manufacturing process, the Panel concluded that this food enzyme does not give rise to safety concerns under the intended conditions of use.
Safety of a feed additive consisting of 3‐phytase produced with Komagataella phaffii CECT 13171 (FSF10000/FLF1000) for poultry species, pigs for fattening and minor porcine species for fattening (Fertinagro Biotech S.L.)
Authors:   EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP), Villa Roberto Edoardo , Azimonti Giovanna , Bonos Eleftherios , Christensen Henrik , Durjava Mojca , Dusemund Birgit , Gehring Ronette , Glandorf Boet , Kouba Maryline , López‐Alonso Marta , Marcon Francesca , Nebbia Carlo , Pechová Alena , Prieto‐Maradona Miguel , Röhe Ilen , Theodoridou Katerina , Bretagne Stéphane , Anguita Montserrat , Innocenti Matteo Lorenzo , Pettenati Elisa , Valeri Piera
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety of the feed additive consisting of 3‐phytase produced with a genetically modified strain of Komagataella phaffii (CECT 13171). The additive is intended to be used as a zootechnical additive for poultry species, pigs for fattening and minor porcine species for fattening. In a previous opinion, the EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substance used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) Panel could not conclude on the taxonomic identification of the production strain. Moreover, the presence of viable cells of the production strain in the final formulations of the product could not be excluded. Therefore, no conclusions could be drawn on the safety for the target species, consumers, users and environment. In the present submission, the applicant provided supplementary information regarding the characterisation of the production strain and the absence of its viable cells in the final product. Based on the data provided, the identification of CECT 13171 as K. phaffii was confirmed and no viable cells of the production strain were detected in the final formulations of the additive. The FEEDAP Panel concluded that the 3‐phytase produced with the genetically modified strain K. phaffii CECT 13171 does not give rise to any safety concern as regard to the production strain. Consequently, the additive, in both its liquid and solid formulations, is safe for the target species, consumers, users and environment.
O uso de gêneros discursivos midiáticos no ensino de Francês como Língua Estrangeira (FLE)
Authors: Leal-Baptista Juliana Roberta Cruz
Published: October 2024

O presente artigo propõe o uso de gêneros discursivos midiáticos no ensino de francês língua estrangeira (FLE). A escolha específica desses gêneros veiculados em plataformas digitais é motivada pela proposta informativa que os caracteriza e pela ampla circulação que assumem na sociedade atual. O objetivo deste artigo é propor atividades de leitura que contemplem enunciados autênticos no ensino de FLE a partir do uso pedagógico dos gêneros discursivos notícia e reportagem veiculados nas seguintes plataformas de informação francófonas: France24; Radio France Internationale; Europe1; 20 minutes. Para cumprir tal proposta, este artigo tem como referencial teórico a concepção bakhtiniana de linguagem (Bakhtin, 2016). Metodologicamente, este é um trabalho bibliográfico de natureza qualitativa crítica (Carspecken, 2011). Os resultados sinalizam que o uso de gêneros discursivos midiáticos no ensino de FLE tende a favorecer a expansão de competências de leitura dos aprendizes e a construção de seu repertório linguístico-discursivo.
ADMISSIBILITY OF CONFESSION UNDER INDIAN EVIDENCE ACT, 1872
Authors: Malik Neeraj
Published: October 2024

In Indian criminal law, confessions are defined by the 1872 Indian Evidence Act. Confessions of guilt have legal implications. The Act classifies admissions as judgemental, out-of-court, and retracted. Judgemental confessions are admissible, whereas extrajudicial confessions are examined for pressure. Retracted confessions are carefully reviewed and may need third-party verification. Coerced, forced, or promised confessions and law enforcement confessions are illegal. Voluntary confessions protect the accused's identity. Mind, confession, and accused rights awareness determine voluntariness in court. Legal balance between law enforcement and private liberty ensures confession voluntariness in India. Other states prohibit forced confessions less strongly than the Indian Evidence Act. Unique to India, the Act forbids police confessions. Torture is defined, investigated, compensated, and punished under the 2017 Prevention of Torture Bill. It must be narrowed to balance law enforcement and freedoms enjoyed by individuals. Law enforcement and personal liberty deal effectively with detainee admissions. The Indian police and judge approach confessions differently to avoid prisoner torture and coercion. Section 25 of the Indian Evidence Act forbids police admissions for wrongdoing and power imbalance. According to Section 164 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, magistrate confessions are voluntary and honest. Courts consider the confession's conditions, medical records, and the accused's education, social status, and mental health. Criminal confession retraction affects trial evidence and poses admissibility and evidentiary value questions. Retracted confessions are less trustworthy than uncontested ones, thus courts must closely check them before convicting. If followed, procedural and technological flaws do not invalidate confessions, but Section 164 noncompliance does.
RAISING DAY TO DAY ISSUES OF INDIAN WOMEN THROUGH FILMS: AN ANALYSIS OF MALAYALAM FILM THE GREAT INDIAN KITCHEN
Authors: Yogi Mohit , Singh Neeraj Karan
Published: October 2024

Women’s role in Indian society is still considered only as a housewife. Society has changed for the better but still, there is a dire need for the upliftment of women in society who are not just considered a housewife who will deal with all the household work and have no say in important decisions taken in day to day life and for themselves. The deep-rooted patriarchy and male chauvinism have always neglected women in Indian society and the small issues of daily life are neglected. Media and films have helped in raising gender issues. Still, it has been successful in raising popular and big issues that are generally faced by women while making big decisions in life like making career choices, which has helped in improving the literacy level of women. However, still, an educated woman is still expected to do household chores rather than doing a job. If a woman is working then also she is expected to work at home while the male members are expected to rest after a long tiring day at work. The Malayalam film “The Great Indian Kitchen” directed by Jeo Baby very firmly raises the day-to-day problems faced by women in society which are often neglected but are very important for women. The stigma around menstruation and the deprivation of women's rights is highlighted in the film very aptly. This study will analyse the film “The Great Indian Kitchen” through the content analysis method.
CUSTOMERS’ OPINION TOWARDS CSR OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS IN TIRUNELVELI- A COMPARATIVE STUDY
Authors: Kamalam G , Juliet Issac J. Kamala
Published: October 2024

Banking system plays an important role in the economic development of the country. Today, banks have diversified their activities and are getting into new products and services that include opportunities in credit cards, consumer finance, wealth management, life and general insurance, investment banking, mutual funds, pension fund regulation, stock broking services, etc. All private and public sector banks are keenly concentrated in fulfilling the need of doing CSR and disclosure practices regularly. The level of its impact on customers shall be measured by using some techniques. In the present study the researcher has concentrated on the view and perception of customers and their attitude towards the achievement of CSR of banking sector particularly in the study area and analysed by using statistical tools like percentage analysis, Chi-square test, two independent sample t-test etc.
CRIMINAL LAW REFORMS IN RECENT TIMES: ISSUES AND CHALLENGES
Authors: Malik Neeraj
Published: October 2024

Criminal law is basically a fundamental part of the judiciary system, which protects society and upholds justice. The main purpose of this law is to maintain social order and rehabilitate offenders. Ensures to protection of the rights of individuals and maintains rules regarding illegal and legal behaviour. In India criminal law protects citizens and improves overall justice delivery. The new criminal laws especially emphasize the human rights of the citizens and provide effective outcomes for victims. The modification and introduction directly contribute towards reducing the crime rate and ensuring India's justice system becomes more robust and simple. The importance of reforms and changes in the proper legislation process highlighted the fact that the existing laws are specially backdated. A certain colonial Era is directly reflected in the Justice system. Several old laws in the section have become irrelevant and undoubtedly delay the overall justice system. However, there is a certain concern which can reflect the criminal law reforms in India. Misuse of power by certain authorities and inappropriate implementation can cause severe consequences. The criminal law has been amended many times which enables a legal framework to maintain societal changes and emerging challenges along with technology advancement. When the criminal justice system came to deliver justice by mitigating delay and compliance it created a fair justice system for communities and people.
The idea of reform of criminal law mainly emphasizes victim empowerment,  modernized evidence rule and many more. Also, certain areas needed to be addressed such as accountability, transfer, privacy, freedom of speech, the potential for abuse and interpretation and implementation challenges. Recent significant criminal law reforms in India here will be discussed and challenges or issues will be identified properly. Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) replaced the Indian penal code (IPC) and mostly aimed to influence the severity of punishment and criminal offences. Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS) is a modified version of the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC) which focuses on victim protection and streamlining investigations. The Latest version of the Indian Evidence Act is Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA) which incorporates forensic advancements and digital evidence. Those laws have been implemented with several challenges and issues but they also foster the judiciary system of India. These new laws effectively prioritize victims' rights and developed Updater support mechanisms for them also simplify the legal processes by reducing delays.
ONLINE TEACHING IN ARCHITECTURAL EDUCATION: A BOON OR BANE?
Authors: Patra Bikash , Patnayaka Ravindra
Published: October 2024

The rapid advancement of technology has led to a paradigm shift in the field of education, and architectural education is no exception. The advent of online teaching methods has opened new possibilities and challenges for both educators and students. The integration of online teaching methods in architectural education has sparked considerable debate. This study examines the advantages and drawbacks of online learning, drawing insights from both faculty and student perspectives. Through a comparative analysis of the response from faculty and student survey from various architecture colleges in India, this paper aims to shed light on the key factors that determine the feasibility of online teaching in architectural education. Through comparative analysis, authors explore the impact of virtual classrooms on teaching standards, student engagement, and overall learning outcomes. These findings shed light on the following key aspects: Flexibility and Adaptability, Effective Communication, Assessment Strategies, Technological Challenges, and hybrid approach.
GENTRIFICATION IN THE INDIAN CONTEXT: INSTANCES, INDICATORS AND IMPACTS
Authors: Varma Rahat , Modi Suruchi
Published: October 2024

Gentrification is an urban process where richer individuals move in and modify the nature, use and adjacencies of an impoverished urban neighborhood. This phenomenon causes displacement of the former citizens which in turn has various effects on the neighborhood fabric such as change in density, built-up area, and land use etc. The research studies gentrification in the Indian context using the complex and diverse case of its National Capital Region – Delhi, which is expected to be the most populous city in the world by 2028 (UN, 2018). To understand diverse types of gentrifications, the research studies various forms of gentrification observed and documented by the western world. This is followed by a character correlation of these types with various urban fabrics in Delhi NCR, using a methodology that documents the formal, social and infrastructural character of such fabrics. The findings from the literature review, case studies, and correlation and analysis are classified under four different kinds of urban impact caused by gentrification: physical, socio-cultural, economic and political.
ARCHITECTURE EDUCATION TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE: A REVIEW
Authors: Taneja Payal , Kumar Bipasha
Published: October 2024

The field of architecture, a major contributor to the consumption and conversion of resources, is also a main stakeholder in developing a sustainable world for the future. Presently when the whole world is focusing on achieving the SDGs (UnitedNations, 2015), architecture education can be a role player in transforming the future into a sustainable world. To identify the role of architecture education in building a sustainable future, a review was done to find the current status of architecture education in India, relevant published literature was reviewed to assess the ways of fostering sustainability through architecture education. Also, to identify the concerns and issues in aligning sustainability in architecture and highlighting the need for study towards developing a sustainable architectural approach. With the help of comprehensive analysis of the literature reviewed and the future recommendations suggested by authors, a wide gap between architecture and sustainability was found which leads to a scope of study in transforming architecture education to align with SDGs to meet future needs and enhance the relevance of architecture education in today’s time. Although, sustainability in architecture education has been restricted to studying and not implementing or applying in practice; therefore, not only educating about sustainability in architecture but also regulating it is necessary. Thereby, awareness of sustainability needs to be supported by due considerations of incorporating sustainability in practice for which the gradutes should be equipped with all latest necessory tools and research driven learnings. To achieve this there is a need of focusing on envisaging ways in which contemporary issues are addressed in the academic curriculum and the endless possibilities of integrating them into teaching/learning processes and practices. Thus, helping our graduates to be future-ready with skills and knowledge to become contributing members in the attainment of overall sustainable development in India for a better future.