bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Challenges Encountered by College Students in Academic Writing
Authors: Jimenez Michelle Mae D. , Comison Lea Jean M. , Dionio Beverly B. , Clarin Analyn S. , Vallejo Juby H.
Published: April 2024

Academic writing is a formal writing used by the students in the academic setting. This study explored the challenges encountered by college students in academic writing in one of the schools in Ozamiz City, Misamis Occidental. This study utilized the qualitative approach using phenomenological design. The study participants included 15 students enrolled for the academic year 2022-2023, English majors for the second semester, and were selected through purposive sampling. The researcher used a researcher-made semi-structured interview guide to elicit data from the participants using Moustakas’ structured method of data analysis. Results revealed five themes: Difficulty in grammar and language usage; Difficulty in organizing information; Insufficient amount of reliable information; Encountering vocabulary difficulties; Dealing with time- constraints. This study concluded that students encountered difficulties in grammar and language usage, creating a coherent structure, finding relevant sources, choosing the right words, and allocating time. It is recommended that teachers should prioritize the teaching of the writing process and encourage students in regular reading. Future researchers are encouraged to conduct studies about academic writing strategies that must be effective for students.
¿Estimulación Eléctrica Espinal como Manejo de la Insuficiencia Cardiaca? A Propósito de un Caso
Authors: Gomezese Omar Fernando , Caceres Luz Helena , Plata Rueda Erika Liliana , Poveda Diaz Oscar David , Camacho José Luis , Moyano Jairo , Guerrero Carlos
Published: April 2024

Introducción: El mecanismo de acción exacto de la estimulación eléctrica espinal (E.E.E.) aún se comprende muy poco, sin embargo se conoce que uno de sus mecanismos es el incremento del flujo sanguíneo coronario. Tradicionalmente este tipo de terapia se ha indicado en pacientes con dolor, de tipo neuropático e isquémico, y cada vez tenemos más evidencia que no solo alivia el dolor si no mejora la perfusión distal, a pesar que no entendemos completamente el mecanismo de acción, es posible que si mejora el flujo sanguíneo coronario pudiese tener algún impacto en pacientes con falla cardíaca de origen isquémico. El desarrollo de nuevas tecnologías que nos permitan el alivio de los síntomas que caracterizan a la enfermedad isquémica cardíaca será de vital importancia ya que esta es una de las principales causas de mortalidad en nuestro medio.Reporte de caso: Se describe el caso de un paciente de 50 años, con angina inestable, cardiopatía isquémica y falla cardíaca a quien a pesar de realizarse una revascularización percutánea con adecuado flujo de vasos proximales persistía con enfermedad oclusiva de vasos pequeños distales, lo cual ocasionaba dolor de características isquémicas a pesar de tener manejo médico con nitratos, calcioantagonistas, betabloqueadores y Aspirina (manejo anti isquémico médico óptimo sin control del dolor). Esto ameritó múltiples hospitalizaciones para control de dolor, manejo de la falla cardíaca porque adicionalmente el paciente tenía una clase funcional 4 (NYHA),* siendo imposible mínimos desplazamientos por dolor y disnea por lo cual se decidió en conjunto con cardiología, llevar al paciente a una implantación de un estimulador eléctrico espinal, con el objetivo primario de aliviar dolor y dar calidad de vida.Resultado: El paciente presentó cambios inmediatos y dramáticos desde el posoperatorio inmediato, en el período de prueba del neuroestimulador, estos cambios básicamente dados en mejoría casi inmediata de la clase funcional pasando de una clase funcional 4 a una 3 (NYHA) y dos semanas después estaba en clase funcional 2. Antes de el implante el paciente no lograba desplazarse por más de 10 metros sin presentar cuadro de angina, y disnea, adicionalmente permanecía con ortopnea siendo imposible la posición decúbito, 2 semanas después del implante definitivo, lograba tener caminatas de 5 minutos y recostarse completamente.Conclusión: La E.E.E. tradicionalmente utilizada para control de dolor de origen neuropático e isquémico podría tener un papel importante en el incremento del flujo sanguíneo coronario, lo cual podría no solo mejorar el componente doloroso de la enfermedad isquémica sino también tener un papel en la mejoría de la falla cardíaca secundaria a la enfermedad isquémica. Sin embargo se requerirán estudios adicionales para confirmarlo.
Secretariado Executivo no ambiente das startups
Authors: Amorim Soares de Alcantara Sonia Regina , Braga da Costa Sabrina , Pinheiro Barros Conceição de Maria , Giareta Durante Daniela
Published: April 2024

O presente trabalho surgiu do interesse pela atuação secretarial no ambiente das startups, em virtude de ser um mercado em crescente expansão e pouco explorado cientificamente pelo Secretariado Executivo. O estudo teve por objetivo analisar a percepção dos cargos de chefia de startups cearenses sobre a relevância do exercício das competências secretariais nesse modelo de negócios. A pesquisa, caracterizada como qualitativa, com abordagem exploratória, foi implementada por meio de formulário via google forms, com participação de 30 respondentes, sendo eles gestores de 24 startups. De acordo com os resultados, as competências técnicas, analíticas e comportamentais foram consideradas, porém, as analíticas e comportamentais tiveram maior relevância e são mais requeridas no ambiente de startups, destacando as principais como resolução de problemas, tomada de decisão e adaptabilidade. O principal desafio apontado pelos representantes das startups, foi a dificuldade em encontrar pessoas qualificadas no mercado. Revelou-se ainda a inexistência de Secretários Executivos nas startups participantes, embora tenham avaliações positivas sobre as competências secretariais. Estes achados demonstraram que há demanda dos gestores de startups cearenses por profissionais qualificados com formação multidisciplinar, mas eles desconhecem que essa demanda pode ser atendida por profissionais do Secretariado Executivo.
Review Paper on Sleep Apnea Detection from Single-Lead ECG: A Comprehensive Analysis of Machine Learning and Deep Learning Algorithms
Authors: Aaryan Dhage  , Shubham Bornare  , Siddhi Karve  , Siony Chaudhari  , Prof. V. M. Dilpak
Published: April 2024

Sleep apnea is a common condition that is characterized by sleep-disordered breathing. Worldwide the number of apnea cases has increased and there has been a growing number of patients suffering from apnea complications. Unfortunately, many cases remain undetected, because expensive and inconvenient examination methods are formidable barriers with regard to the diagnostics. Furthermore, treatment monitoring depends on the same methods which also underpin the initial diagnosis; hence issues related to the examination methods cause difficulties with managing sleep apnea as well. Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) systems could be a tool to increase the efficiency and efficacy of diagnosis. To investigate this hypothesis, we designed a deep learning model that classifies beat-to-beat interval traces, medically known as RR intervals, into apnea versus non-apnea. The RR intervals were extracted from Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals contained in the Apnea-ECG benchmark Database. Before feeding the RR intervals to the classification algorithm, the signal was band-pass filtered with an Ornstein–Uhlenbeck third-order Gaussian process.
Review Paper on An Early-Stage Autism Spectrum Detection System
Authors: Prof. D. C. Pardeshi  , Parth S. Mishra  , Shripad Kulkarni
Published: April 2024

The Early-Stage Autism Detection System presents a breakthrough approach to identifying Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in its initial stages, particularly focusing on early childhood diagnosis. Leveraging machine learning (ML) techniques such as Random Forest and Support Vector Machines, the system meticulously analyses behavioural patterns and social interactions to pinpoint potential indicators of ASD, even in toddlers. It adeptly tackles challenges like imbalanced class distributions by employing random oversampling and adopts feature scaling and selection methods to heighten prediction accuracy. Through extensive experimentation on diverse ASD datasets, the system discerns crucial features pivotal for precise diagnosis. Its implementation promises timely intervention and improved outcomes by enabling the early detection and support of individuals with ASD from the outset of development
Performance Evaluation of Different Small Engines for Agricultural and Fishery Machinery Application
Authors:   University of the Philippines Los Banos, Ulgado Ivan Eduardo , Fajardo Arthur , Amongo Rossana Marie , Gallegos Ralph Kristoffer , Eusebio Romulo
Published: April 2024

The enactment of the Agriculture and Fisheries Mechanization Law of 2013 increased the demand for the testing and evaluation of small engines in the Philippines. This is in line with the promotion of agricultural mechanization in the Philippines as the country's response to the growing concerns in food production. This study sought to evaluate and compare the performance of small engines tested by the Agricultural Machinery Testing and Evaluation Center (AMTEC) from 1986 to 2019 with the minimum requirements set forth in PAES 116: 2001 (Small EngineSpecifications). A total of 778 engines were analyzed in the study through AMTEC test data: 258 gasoline engines, 157 air-cooled diesel engines, and 363 water-cooled diesel engines. The performance of the small engines were evaluated using four parameters, namely: maximum power at varying load (MBP), percent rated continuous power at rated speed (CBP), noise level (NL), and specific fuel consumption (SFC). Results showed that the average overall engine performance based on the MBP and the NL of both varying and continuous running tests were within the standards. In the performance evaluation scheme analysis, only 317 small engines attained more than the minimum ratings. Diesel water-cooled engines yielded the highest count which complied with the standards in PAES 116: 2001. To further the discussion on the study, analysis of the engine performance can be done in terms of assigning weights on specific parameters and using other different statistical tools such as the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) or Multi Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA). Other parameters in PAES 116:2001 may also be considered for the development of other evaluation schemes.
Rheological Properties of Purple Avocado (Persea Americana Mill.) Fruits at Different Ripening Stages
Authors:   University of the Philippines Los Banos, Valencia Jovielyn , Peralta Engelbert , Yaptenco Kevin , Esguerra Elda
Published: April 2024

Proper postharvest handling and management of perishable horticultural commodities require the proper understanding and the need for basic information on the mechanical properties of these commodities specifically for avocados to preserve quality and reduce losses and waste. Physical characterization and compression tests were conducted on avocados to develop an understanding of the rheological properties of avocados at different ripening stages, sizes, and compression loads. An appropriate equation in predicting volume from its weight and its shape signature that specifically represents the shape of the purple fruited avocado variety in a one-dimensional function were established. The shape of avocado fruits tends toward being spherical and expected to roll not slide as indicated by the mean values of sphericity and aspect ratio. The compressive strength of avocado varied with ripeness were small size can withstand up to 5 kg of load by weight after harvest without significant internal damage and 6 kg of load for medium size. Avocado fruits had a time-dependent stress relaxation behavior like other viscoelastic material. The threeterm Maxwell model with six parameters described the stress relaxation behavior of avocado fruit at different compressive loads, ripeness and sizes based on the maximum relative difference (MRD), R2 , and residual MSE. The advancing degree of ripeness have a corresponding decrease in the decay stress value (σ1) and time of relaxation (τ1) component of the model. To minimize mechanical damage, avocado should be packed in vertical orientation with cushion (bubble wrap, foam, or paper) and can be stacked up to 10 layers for small size and 12 layers for medium size at harvest using 10 kg capacity cartons.
Effects of Energy Drinks and Flunitrazepam on Some Cardiac Biomarkers, and Oxidative Stress in Wistar Rats.
Authors: Odia Kanayo Mercy , Ukoro Blessing
Published: April 2024

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of some energy drinks on cardiac biomarkers (tropin and creatinine phosphokinase) and oxidative stress in male Wistar rats. 45 Wistar rats were divided into 8 groups. Group 1 received distilled water; Group 2 received an energy drink (A) (3.75 mg/kg). Group 3 energy drink (A) (7.5 mg/kg) Group 4 received energy drink (B) (3.75 mg/kg). Group 5 energy drink (B) (7.5 mg/kg) Group 6 received flunitrazepam (0.03 ml/kg), Group 7 received 3.75 ml/kg of energy drink (A) and 0.03 ml/kg of flunitrazepam, and Group 8 received 3.75 ml/kg of energy drink (B) and 0.03 ml/kg of flunitrazepam. The result showed that in Group 2, there was a significant increase (p<0.05) in cardiac troponin kinase and no significant change in bicarbonate. Group 3 showed a significant increase (p<0.05) in the level of cardiac troponin, a significant increase (p<0.05) in creatine kinase, and no significant change in bicarbonate. Group 4 showed a significant (p > 0.05) decrease in cardiac troponin and creatine kinase and no significant change in bicarbonate. Group 5 showed a significant (p > 0.05) decrease in cardiac troponin and creatine kinase and no significant change in bicarbonate when compared to the control group. Group 6 showed a significant (p<0.05) increase in cardiac troponin and a decrease (p>0.05) in creatine kinase, but no significant change in bicarbonate. Group 7 showed a significant decrease in cardiac troponin and creatine kinase and no significant change in bicarbonate level when compared to the control group. Group 8 showed a decrease in cardiac troponin and creatine kinase. It was concluded therefore that the consumption of energy drinks and Flunitrazepam led to an increase in oxidative stress and cellular damage.
CAPITAL EXPENDITURE DECISIONS AND MARKET VALUE OF QUOTED FOOD AND BEVERAGES FIRMS IN NIGERIA
Authors: Dr Amadi Ngozi Eleba  , Dr. Jack Obiazi Tubotamuno-Ojas
Published: April 2024

This study examined the relationship between capital expenditure decisions and market value of quoted food and beverages manufacturing firms in Nigeria. Secondary data obtained from 22 quoted food and beverage manufacturing firms from 2012 - 2022 obtained from the Nigerian Exchange Fact book and annual reports of the quoted food and beverage manufacturing firms.  The study modeled market value as the dependent variables while capital expenditure decision was proxy using firms’ capital expenditure decision on equipment, buildings, human, maintenance, expansion and sustenance. Panel data methodology was employed while the fixed effects model was used as estimation technique at 5% level of significance. Fixed effects, random effects and pooled estimates were tested while the Hausman test was used to determine the best fit. The result show that the proxies of capital expenditure decision explained 94.4 percent variation in market value of quoted food and beverages manufacturing firms in Nigeria. The beta coefficient indicates that firms’ capital expenditure on sustenance contribute 0.97 percent, capital expenditure on expansion reduces market value by 0.006 percent, capital expenditure on plant leads to 8.9 percent increase in firms’ value, capital expenditure on human capital contributes 0.02 percent and capital expenditure on equipment reduced valuation of the firm by 0.01 percent. The model was judge significant based on f-statistic and probability value while the Durbin Watson found no autocorrelation among the variables.  The study conclude that capital expenditure decision have significant effect on market value of quoted food and beverage manufacturing firms in Nigeria. We recommend that policies such as optimization of capital investment decision to increase value of the quoted firms.

Keywords:  Capital Expenditure Decisions, Valuation, Food and Beverage Manufacturing, Nigeria Firm Value Optimization.
The Effect of Blockchain Technology in Enhancing Ethical Sourcing and Supply Chain Transparency: Evidence from The Cocoa and Agricultural Sectors in Ghana
Authors: Ibrahim Mohammed , Nangpiire Clement , Winfred Detoh Mawuko , Fataw Yussif
Published: April 2024

This study examines the impact of blockchain technology on ethical sourcing and supply chain transparency in Ghana's cocoa and agriculture industries. Using the Diffusion of Innovation Theory as a framework, the study investigates the adoption and influence of blockchain technology on ethical sourcing practices and supply chain transparency. Regression analysis was conducted using data from 153 firms in the agricultural and cocoa sectors to explore the relationships between blockchain technology usage, ethical sourcing, supply chain transparency, adoption of new technologies, and corporate social responsibility. The results highlight the significant influence of blockchain technology adoption on supply chain transparency and ethical sourcing practices in the cocoa and agricultural sectors. Specifically, companies that utilize blockchain technology tend to have more transparent supply chains and are more likely to engage in ethical sourcing compared to those that do not. Moreover, there is evidence suggesting that the use of technology, particularly blockchain, is a strong predictor of increased transparency, with positive correlations observed across all industries. These findings illustrate the potential of blockchain technology to enhance ethical sourcing methods and supply chain transparency in Ghana's cocoa and agriculture industries. It is recommended that both public and private corporations consider investing in technology adoption, particularly blockchain technology, as it has the potential to improve ethical sourcing practices.
COLECISTITE AGUDA INDUZIDA POR ASCARIDÍASE NA AMAZÔNIA: UM RELATO DE CASO
Authors: Rocha Vinicius Sussuarana , Rodrigues Alessandro Soares , Barbosa Thalita da Cunha , Lima André Barros Fonseca Barbosa , Harrop Talita Alves , Ferreira Edinaldo dos Santos , Azevedo Jeferson Guedes de , Vieira Juliana Alencar Isacksson , Oliveira Júnior Raimundo Nonato Ribeiro de
Published: April 2024

A colecistite aguda causada por Ascaris lumbricoides é uma complicação extremamente rara da Ascaridíase. A infecção por esse helminto é relativamente comum em zonas subdesenvolvidas, especialmente em locais com saneamento básico precário ou inexistente. A Ascaridíase biliar é uma forma rara de Ascaridíase que pode evoluir com complicações graves e consiste na afecção de qualquer porção do trato biliar, sendo menos comum o acometimento da vesícula biliar, devido ao estreito lúmen do ducto cístico. O presente relato tem como princípio a apresentação do estado clínico-cirúrgico de um paciente com Colecistite Aguda causada por infecção por Ascaris. O caso aborda a segmentação dada ao caso de uma adolescente que procurou uma unidade de pronto atendimento (UPA) por quadro clínico compatível com colecistite aguda, sendo diagnosticada por Ultrassonografia (USG), a qual confirmou a doença e revelou concomitantemente a presença do helminto na vesícula biliar. O tratamento inicial foi feito com Albendazol em dose única administrado na unidade, porém evoluiu com piora clínica. A paciente procurou posteriormente o hospital de emergência da cidade onde foi realizada nova USG, sendo optado por realizar intervenção cirúrgica, evoluindo com resolução total do quadro. A USG foi essencial para o diagnóstico e seguimento adequado do caso, o que demonstra a importância  deste equipamento em unidades de pronto antedimento. Assim nota-se a necessidade de criação de protocolos e diretrizes que contemplem o diagnóstico e manejo adequados para a ascaridíase biliar e outras formas raras dessa doença.
TRÁFICO INTERNACIONAL DE CRIANÇAS E ADOLESCENTES PARA A EXPLORAÇÃO SEXUAL NO ÂMBITO SOCIAL.
Authors: Dias Nádia Fernanda Souza , Lopes José Augusto Bezerra
Published: April 2024

O tráfico internacional de crianças e adolescentes para fins de exploração sexual constitui uma das mais graves violações dos direitos humanos, afetando desproporcionalmente os mais jovens e vulneráveis da nossa sociedade. Este estudo teve por objetivo realizar uma análise detalhada e crítica das questões jurídicas e das implicações globais relacionadas a esse crime hediondo, examinando suas causas profundas, as devastadoras consequências para as vítimas, e as estratégias legais e políticas internacionais que têm sido desenvolvidas para enfrentá-lo. Através de uma metodologia de pesquisa bibliográfica, esta investigação baseou-se na revisão de literatura proveniente de bases de dados acadêmicas, sites especializados, bibliotecas digitais, e materiais produzidos por organizações comprometidas com os direitos das crianças e a luta contra o tráfico de pessoas. Os resultados demonstram que, apesar dos progressos no desenvolvimento de marcos jurídicos internacionais, como o Protocolo de Palermo, que visam facilitar a cooperação transnacional e oferecer proteção às vítimas, ainda persistem desafios significativos na implementação prática dessas políticas e na efetiva integração das medidas de proteção destinadas a crianças e adolescentes vítimas desse crime. A análise revelou uma conscientização global crescente e a adoção de legislações robustas, estabelecendo as bases para uma cooperação internacional contra o tráfico de menores. Contudo, a eficácia na aplicação dessas leis mostra variações consideráveis entre diferentes países, com algumas regiões evidenciando falhas graves na proteção das vítimas jovens e na perseguição dos responsáveis pelo tráfico.
Deep temporal convolutional networks for F10.7 radiation flux short-term forecasting
Authors: Wang Luyao , Zhang Hua , Zhang Xiaoxin , Peng Guangshuai , Li Zheng , Xu Xiaojun
Published: April 2024

Abstract. F10.7, the solar flux at a wavelength of 10.7 cm (F10.7), is often used as an important parameter input in various space weather models and is also a key parameter for measuring the strength of solar activity levels. Therefore, it is valuable to study and forecast F10.7. In this paper, the temporal convolutional network (TCN) approach in deep learning is used to predict the daily value of F10.7. The F10.7 series from 1957 to 2019 are used. The data during 1957–1995 are adopted as the training dataset, the data during 1996–2008 (solar cycle 23) are adopted as the validation dataset, and the data during 2009–2019 (solar cycle 24) are adopted as the test dataset. The leave-one-out method is used to group the dataset for multiple validations. The prediction results for 1–3 d ahead during solar cycle 24 have a high correlation coefficient (R) of 0.98 and a root mean square error (RMSE) of only 5.04–5.18 sfu. The overall accuracy of the TCN forecasts is better than the autoregressive (AR) model (it only takes past values of the F10.7 index as inputs) and the results of the US Space Weather Prediction Center (SWPC) forecasts, especially for 2 and 3 d ahead. In addition, the TCN model is slightly better than other neural network models like the backpropagation (BP) neural network and long short-term memory (LSTM) network in terms of the solar radiation flux F10.7 forecast. The TCN model predicted F10.7 with a lower root mean square error, a higher correlation coefficient, and a better overall model prediction.
Mapping subsea permafrost around Tuktoyaktuk Island (NWT, Canada) using electrical resistivity tomography
Authors: Erkens Ephraim , Angelopoulos Michael , Tronicke Jens , Dallimore Scott R. , Whalen Dustin , Boike Julia , Overduin Pier Paul
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Along much of the Arctic coast, shoreline retreat and sea level rise combine to inundate permafrost. Once inundated by seawater permafrost usually begins to degrade. Tuktoyaktuk Island (Beaufort Sea, NWT, Canada) is an important natural barrier protecting the harbor of Tuktoyaktuk, but will likely be breached within the next three decades. The state of subsea permafrost and its depth distribution around the island are, however, still largely unknown. We collected marine electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) surveys (vertical electrical soundings) north and south of Tuktoyaktuk Island using a floating cable with 13 electrodes in a quasi-symmetric Wenner-Schlumberger array. We filtered the data with a new approach to eliminate potentially falsified measurements due to a curved cable and inverted the profiles with a variety of parameterizations to estimate the position of the top of the ice-bearing permafrost table (IBPT) below the sea floor. Our results indicate that north of Tuktoyaktuk Island, where coastal erosion is considerably faster, IBPT depths range from 5 m below sea level (120 m from the shoreline) to around 20 m bsl (up to 800 m from the shoreline). South of the island, the IBPT dips more steeply and lies at 10 m bsl a few meters from the shore to more than 30 m bsl 200 m from the shore. We discuss how marine ERT measurements can be improved by recording electrode position, but choices made in data inversion can be a more likely source of uncertainty in IBPT position than electrode positions. At Tuktoyaktuk Island, IBPT depths below the sea floor increase with distance from the shoreline; comparing the northern and southern sides of the island, its inclination is inversely proportional to coastline retreat rates. On the island’s north side, historical coastal retreat rate suggests a mean degradation rate of 5.3 ± 4.0 cm/yr.
Auditoria de Inteligência aplicada a um Serviço de Informação sobre Medicamentos
Authors: Silva Maria Isaura Olívia Sousa e , Carvalho Andrea Vasconcelos , Moreira Luciana de Albuquerque
Published: April 2024

Objetivo. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar o comportamento de busca e uso de informações pelos profissionais de saúde, dada a importância da oferta de serviços que apoiem práticas específicas de uso de medicamentos no ambiente hospitalar.
Método. O estudo de natureza descritiva e abordagem quantitativa foi desenvolvido como parte da avaliação de um serviço de informação sobre medicamentos inserido em um hospital universitário público brasileiro. A avaliação foi norteada pelo método de auditoria de inteligência associado ao modelo de busca de informação por profissionais, considerando a relação do serviço auditado com os usuários. Os dados foram coletados mediante a aplicação de um questionário eletrônico elaborado com ênfase nos fatores que moldam a necessidade, busca e uso de informação por profissionais de saúde (enfermeiros, farmacêuticos e médicos), além de avaliar a percepção destes sobre o serviço de informação sobre medicamentos inserido na instituição. 119 profissionais de saúde participaram do estudo. Os dados foram analisados por meio da estatística descritiva.
Resultados. O perfil identificado foi, predominante, de profissionais técnicos de nível superior (68,1%), que atuam na instituição há ≤ 5 anos (73%) e dedicam ≥ 60% do tempo às atividades assistenciais. O grau de risco envolvido foi apontado como um fator extremamente influente nas situações em que surge a necessidade de informação sobre medicamentos (63,9%). As características das fontes consideradas mais influentes foram confiabilidade (94%) e atualização (87,4%). Na busca por informação, a fonte eletrônica foi mais utilizada (89,1%), sendo as bases de dados científicas da área médica consideradas muito úteis. A maioria dos respondentes (57,1%) indicaram não conhecer o serviço, mas afirmaram ter esse interesse. Entre os que já conheciam, 52,9% ficaram muito satisfeitos com o serviço prestado. A divulgação ampla dos serviços foi a medida a ser adotada mais indicada pelos participantes (84,9%).
Conclusões. A partir desse estudo foi possível traçar um perfil dos profissionais de saúde e de seu comportamento de busca e uso da informação sobre medicamentos. Pode-se destacar a maior utilização das fontes de informação digitais, como as bases de dados científicas da área da saúde, consideradas as mais úteis. As características próprias dessas fontes sugerem que os profissionais de saúde necessitam de informações confiáveis e atualizadas, obtidas de forma rápida e eficiente para suas ações e decisões laborais. A avaliação permitiu, ainda, orientar a melhoria dos serviços ofertados.
Conflict of Interpretations on Ricoeur’s Contributions to the Philosophy of Technology
Authors: Bloniasz Patrick Francis
Published: April 2024

Recent literature regarding how Ricoeur’s work relates to the philosophy of technology appears prima facie to be contradictory. In one established interpretation, Ricoeur’s contributions are merely indirect as he did not engage with the empirical turn of the discipline in the 1980s and maintained a suspicious view of technology based on a profound concern with the distinction between persons and things. In this view, Ricoeur’s work does not add anything new to the discipline but is still valuable to the philosophy of technology through other features of his corpus, such as his critical hermeneutics and narrative theory. In another interpretative approach, some argue Ricoeur adds to the field by directly thematizing technology when studying ethics and human capability–he cannot be thought of as merely ignoring the complex relationship between the social sphere and technology. The present paper offers a dialectical analysis of these interpretative approaches and argues that these positions are not mutually exclusive, but rather capture complementary aspects about the nature of Ricoeur’s hermeneutic and political projects. At one level, Ricoeur engages with core themes of philosophy of technology by exploring the ambiguity of specific technologies and techniques and their implications to social, cultural, and political spheres; in doing so, Ricoeur contributes directly to the field by avoiding the reduction of meaning into merely technical questions. On the other hand, it is also true that Ricoeur, particularly in the main thematic areas of his great works since the 1970s, has not been directly involved with specific questions of how different recent technologies are intertwined with social, political, and ethical aspects, and his emphasis against a reductionist type of technical mentality distanced him from a closer engagement with specific technological issues. In this sense, most of his contributions to the philosophy of technology are indirect. Nevertheless, this paper wants to emphasize that this dialectic analysis invites us to recognize the richness and potential of Ricoeur’s thought to understand how technologies are shaping our experiences in the world. The recently published volume Interpreting Technology, edited by Wessel Reijers, Alberto Romele, and Mark Coeckelbergh, is a powerful example of such potential.
Sartre and the Phenomenology of Pain: A Closer Look
Authors: Saliba Jacob
Published: April 2024

Conventionally distinguished as a problem for medical professionals, experiences of embodied pain have prompted a significant set of themes and perspectives in the Continental tradition of philosophy. The discipline of phenomenology, in particular, offers thought-provoking approaches for understanding the fullness and diversity of living one’s pain in everyday life. In contrast to scientific practices that tend to take for granted the subjective structures of human consciousness in action, the phenomenological framework of lived experience offers profoundly subtle accounts for explaining how a person’s pain alters their ways of relating to themselves, to others, and to the wider world around them. In recent years, scholars of phenomenology have undertaken extensive research on the complex relationality between health and human consciousness, including the behavioral grids and existential textures that come with that relationship. Greatly influenced by twentieth century phenomenology, this new development in the scholarship has undergone three distinct waves. The first wave focused on the work of Martin Heidegger and Hans-Georg Gadamer to develop a hermeneutic of healthcare practice; the second wave incorporated Maurice Merleau-Ponty to understand illness from an increasingly carnal point of view; and the third and most recent wave has relied primarily on Edmund Husserl to construct the intentionality involved with the consciousness of pain.
Raymond Aron and the 'Sense of Compromise' in Democracy
Authors: Gillot-Assayag Laure
Published: April 2024

This article seeks to explore the relevance of compromise in Raymond Aron’s essays. The concept of compromise has never been subjected to critical scrutiny in his works. The paper offers a new interpretation of R. Aron’s democratic theory by arguing that “the sense of compromise”, mainly set out in Democracy and Totalitarianism, is a foundational and pivotal concept to highlight the specifics of his liberal thought and his understanding of democratic pluralism.It aims to provide a critical analysis, presenting a focused exploration of three types of compromise, broken down into three areas (the political-pluralist compromise; the economic compromise; the foreign policy compromise). In each of these cases, key qualities and limitations of compromise solutions for deadlocked controversies are outlined.The article argues that, for R. Aron, economic compromise is the easiest to achieve.The paper further discusses possible criteria that can help to discriminate moral from immoral compromises. It concludes that “the sense of compromise” is inseparable from any serious attempt to think afresh R. Aron’s democratic theory.
Where is the Place for Black Atlantic Literature and Authorship?
Authors: Jahadhmy Sophia
Published: April 2024

In the wake of Black Atlantic terror, enslavement, colonialism and violence, is there a place for literature? Where is there a place for the author? In other words, to rethink poet Muriel Rukeyser’s question, where is there a place for Black Atlantic literature and authorship? Proposing Paul Gilroy’s The Black Atlantic as the window through which to answer these questions, this essay focuses on the place for/of literature and authorship as Gilroy thinks them through an engagement with Richard Wright’s life and work, and also through the work of other Black Atlantic authors, primarily C.L.R. James, Toni Morrison, Aimé Césaire and Édouard Glissant. These figures show that the Black Atlantic author must persist in tenaciously writing through and within the violence that defines their experiences, revealing the necessity of such literature and the importance of producing such a literary practice. This essay poses that there is no place for Black Atlantic authorship if the author is not grappling, writing, and “living with,” as Toni Morrison would suggest, the unspeakable violence and absolute terrors of experience—scenes of horror must be (re)made through cultural production or there can be no poesis. This process of transformation amid (dis)location is grounded in the Black Atlantic experience of terror and diaspora, about which Gilroy writes, concluding his final chapter with an analysis of the Jewish diasporic experience. Because this essay engages a Jewish poet’s provocation in order to think the Black Atlantic, it is crucial to interrogate both the significance of this invocation and Gilroy’s assessment of the intimate interconnection and solidarity between the Black and Jewish experiences.
Why Isn't There an Inverse Quotient Rule?
Authors: Hauptman Edison
Published: April 2024

When learning Calculus, students are taught how to undo the Chain Rule through u-Substitution and may have been introduced to Integration by Parts as a way to undo the Product Rule. This paper describes analogous integration techniques to undo the Quotient Rule and argues that the “Inverse Quotient Rule” is a worthwhile technique to teach in Integral Calculus. An appendix includes 26 textbook-style exercises for interested students.
Robust Communication: How Math Is Used to Encode and Decode Messages
Authors: Debski Riley
Published: April 2024

Coding theory uses linear and abstract algebra to protect messages against corruption when sending them over a channel. This paper examines the mathematics behind coding theory and how it is used to ensure reliable communication.
CALC 1
Authors: MacLachlan Neil
Published: April 2024

CALC is the section of PIMR which focuses on career preparation, advice, and facilitating the development of a diverse and inclusive mathematics community by highlighting the work of a wide variety of luminaries, especially those not typically represented, in the mathematical sciences. Each edition will feature short articles condensing information regarding careers in mathematics. In addition, there will be a short profile of a mathematical professional describing their path to mathematics and individual experience. There will be quite a bit of resource aggregation which will hopefully allow interested parties to more easily learn about careers in interdisciplinary mathematics, and the larger mathematical community (many links are embedded so if you are reading a paper copy you can visit ``pimr.pitt.edu." to access these). Most importantly this section is dedicated to you the reader, and the mathematics community as a whole, so if you have any questions you would like us to look into, or if you would like to share your own perspective don't hesitate to email.
Eficacia y seguridad del uso extendido de anticonceptivos orales combinados
Authors: Cotic Agustina
Published: April 2024

Los anticonceptivos orales combinados constituyen hoy en día uno de los métodos anticonceptivos más populares a nivel mundial. Su composición consiste en una combinación de análogos de hormonas sexuales femeninas que se administran en bajas dosis diarias, manteniendo constante su concentración sanguínea y evitando de esta forma los cambios en el eje endócrino que estimulan la ovulación. Con el objetivo de recrear los procesos fisiológicos, la mayoría de las formulaciones comprenden un intervalo de 4 a 7 días libres de hormonas en el cual se genera el sangrado por deprivación.

A partir de una viñeta clínica en la que una paciente sana desea posponer su hemorragia por deprivación, y tras realizar una búsqueda bibliográfica que prioriza las investigaciones más recientes y de mejor calidad, la autora revisa la evidencia sobre el uso de hormonas sin intervalo libre, especialmente su efectos sobre la eficacia y la incidencia de efectos adversos.
The Resilience of Caste through Yashica Dutt’s Coming Out as Dalit: A Memoir (2019)
Authors: Cherechés Bianca
Published: April 2024

India, the largest democracy in the world, has experienced important social advances since its independence in 1947, such as the abolition of untouchability, one of the oldest forms of social segregation and discrimination whose major victims have been the Dalits. The situation of Dalits has undergone a series of changes in the second half of the 20th century due to various phenomena, including the industrialisation of India, the influential social work of Dalit activists and thinkers such as B. R. Ambedkar, and the passing of legal provisions for Dalits’ social inclusion, political emancipation and protection of rights. All these factors, along with a relative democratisation of education, have prompted this historically oppressed group to build a voice.

 

Since then, Dalit literature has progressively become a platform through which past and present injustices committed against this community are exposed. Lately, the impact that democracy has had on the lives of Dalits has been a questioned topic and Yashica Dutt’s Coming Out as Dalit: A Memoir (2019) is an interesting gateway to it. The author’s gender and geographical position and her particular experience with ‘Dalithood’ result in an unusual but necessary insight into Dalits’ state of affairs in contemporary India. Thus, using Dutt’s memoir as a lens, this paper aims to examine the conditions that led to the perpetuation of a learned helplessness among Dalits, the shortcomings of Sanskritisation as an escape strategy from casteist stigma and the implications of the reservation system set for India’s Depressed Castes.
NESTING BIOLOGY OF THE INDIAN SPARROW (PASSER INDICUS) IN THE FLATLANDS OF TASHKENT REGION
Authors: Ganiev B.N. ,   Institute of Zoology, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Azimov N.N.
Published: April 2024

Observations on the nesting biology of the Indian sparrow were conducted in Boka district of Tashkent region. 392 nesting pairs of birds were found in a colony formed on the wall of a ravine on the bank of a waste water canal. All processesin 12 nests were monitored in orderto study the nesting biology of the Indian sparrow. Egg-laying of birds in the colony began on May 10 and continued until May 18. A total of 72 eggs were laid in reference nests
ANTAGONISM OF HALOGENS IN THE SOIL AND WHEN THEY ENTER PLANTS
Authors: Konarbaeva G.A. ,   Institute of soil science and agrochemistry Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk, Russia, Sergazinova Z. M. , Demin V.V. ,   NJSC «Toraigyrov University», Pavlodar, Kazakhstan
Published: April 2024

This article discusses the problem of halogen antagonism in soil and when they enter plants. Antagonism as one of the types of interaction of chemical elements in soil, including halogens, can lead to their deficiency or excess in plants. Antagonism is determined by the proximity of some properties of halogen anions, such as mobility of anions, solvation by the same number of water molecules, value of ionic radii, and can be a mechanism of their transport to plants.
Evaluation of the use of author's creative tasks in biology for the development of functional literacy among students
Authors: Korogod Natalia Petrovna ,   Pavlodar Pedagogical University named after A. Margulan, Ermakhanova Aseliya , Samеkova Rusana , Gulko Ivan , Kuanyshpaeva Periza
Published: April 2024

In progressive pedagogical practice, the most popular problem is the topic of stimulating and developing students' mental activity. This article describes the importance of the formation of natural science literacy in the process of teaching schoolchildren
HELMINTH OF COMMON SNAKE (NATRIX NATRIX L.) OF MORDOVIA
Authors: Ruchin A.B. ,   Mordovian State Nature Reserve named after P.G. Smidovich, Saransk, Russia, Kirillov A.A. ,   Institute of Ecology of the Volga River Basin, Tolyatti, Russia
Published: April 2024

In 2008 it is investigated helminthofauna of the grasssnakeNatrix natrix L. in territory of the Republic of Mordovia (Russia). 15 species of parasitic worms (from which 11 species concern to class Trematoda and 4 - to classNematoda)aremarkedatareptile.From adult stages the greatest extensiveness of an invasion Macrodera longicollis, Astiotrema monticelli, Leptophallus nigrovenosus, Telorchis assula (Trematoda) and Rhabdias fuscovenosus (Nematoda) differed
Effectiveness of Black Burn Exercises Vs Conventional Physiotherapy Exercises in Patients with Shoulder Pain: A Comparative Study
Authors: Parekh Sanket , Mishra Daxa , Patel PT Bhoomika
Published: April 2024

Background: The fundamental component of biomechanical perspective, the scapula offers an agile structure to preserve ball & socket kinematics in addition to providing a steady foundation for muscle activation. The altered scapular biomechanics can directly impact on shoulder and can cause shoulder pain. Adequate biomechanics of shoulder and scapula both are important for efficient functioning of shoulder. There are various exercises explained for scapular stabilization and shoulder strengthening. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of the Black burn exercises versus conventional physiotherapy exercises in subjects of shoulder pain.
Methods: Cumulatively 50 patients (28 Female & 22 Male) with shoulder pain were recruited after fulfilling the eligibility criteria. Randomly they were distributed into 2 different groups:
Group A was Experimental group, received Black burn exercises with Moist pack; Group B was Control group, received Conventional exercises with Moist Pack. Outcomes were documented in form of Numerous Pain Rating Scale for pain, Shoulder Range of Motion of Flexion-Abduction-Internal and External Rotation, Shoulder Pain and Disability Score at baseline and post-intervention at 28th Day.
Results: In the analysis of data, we observed statistically significance in (p-value<0.05) pre and post intervention of both the groups. Also, there was significant difference noted in pre and post intervention comparison in between both the groups.
Conclusion: Black burn exercises has showed superior results compared to conventional exercises in improving all three outcomes of Pain, Disability and Functions in patients of shoulder pain.

Key words: Shoulder Pain, Black Burn Exercises, Conventional Physiotherapy, Pain and Functional level, Disability.
Sentence Imitation Task to Understand Phonological Representations in Preschool Children
Authors: R Ranjitha , Sreedevi N
Published: April 2024

Background: The term phonological representation is widely used to describe the storage of phonological information about words in long-term memory (Sutherland & Gillon, 2005). The organization of sounds within a word plays an important role, along with the sounds included in defining the structure of a word (Valleman, 2002). Linguistic abilities of children with language impairment, as well as typically developing children, can be found using sentence imitation tasks (Botting & Faragher, 2001, Ebert, 2014; Priya, 2017)
Method: 240 typically developing Malayalam speaking children in the age range of 3-5 years were selected from several preschools in Kerala. They were further subdivided into four age groups separated by six months (≥3;0-≤3;6; 3;6-≤4;0; 4;0-≤4;6 and 4;6-≤5;0years). There were 60 participants in each group (30 males and 30 females). The participants were administered, a sentence imitation test in Malayalam, developed and validated by the authors. 20 sentences in Malayalam with a mean length of utterance ranging from 4 to 7 morphemes were used as target sentences.
Results: Results revealed a significant effect of age on the total scores obtained on syllable shapes and word shapes. Except for bisyllables, the total number of words produced by the participants increased with age. Likewise, the total number of syllables and the number of syllable shapes produced increased with age, except for Vowels and Vowel Consonants.
Conclusion: Poorly developed phonological representations make it difficult for young children to imitate word or syllable shapes in sentences. Compared to spontaneous speech tasks, administering sentence imitation tasks requires lesser time and hence can be included in the assessment of speech sound disorders in young children. Hence, phonotactics in sentence imitation has an important role in understanding phonological representations in young children. This study aimed to investigate the phonological representations in Malayalam-speaking preschool children aged 3.6 to 5.0 years through a sentence imitation task.

Key words: Word shapes, syllable shapes, sentence imitation, phonotactics, phonological representations