bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Drinking in the home: What does it entail for younger and older Finns?
Authors: Mäkelä Pia , Härkönen Janne , Lintonen Tomi
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Studies about drinking in homes are scarce despite the growing importance of the phenomenon. We examined how often different age groups in Finland drink—overall or to intoxication—in their own homes without company beyond the family and in their own or other people's homes with other company, compared to other settings, and on what days and hours of the week this occurs.

Methods

A general population survey carried out in 2016 with event‐level data (n = 7124 occasions by 1955 respondents). Key measurements included location, drinking company, amount of alcohol drunk and time of the week.

Results

Drinking occasions in which alcohol was drunk at home without visitors made up 74% of all occasions and 73% of all intoxication occasions among people aged 60–79 years and 25% and 5% among 15‐ to 29‐year‐olds, respectively. The share of ‘with company’ occasions in somebody's home varied less by age. Occasions with pre/post drinking in homes and drinking occasions lasting until late at night were seen most often among 15‐ to 29‐year‐olds.

Discussion and Conclusions

The important aspects of home drinking vary greatly by age group and depending on what risk or type of consequence is considered. For older people and for chronic harm, the key aspect is drinking at home without company beyond the family. The more important aspect for younger people and acute harm is pre‐ and post‐drinking in homes before or after going to bars or nightclubs, which results in long evenings with large amounts of alcohol consumed.
Vocal input and output among infants in a multilingual context: Evidence from long‐form recordings in Vanuatu
Authors: Cristia Alejandrina , Gautheron Lucas , Colleran Heidi
Published: February 2023

What are the vocal experiences of children growing up on Malakula island, Vanuatu, where multilingualism is the norm? Long‐form audio‐recordings captured spontaneous speech behavior by, and around, 38 children (5–33 months, 23 girls) from 11 villages. Automated analyses revealed most children's vocal input came from female adults and other children's voices, with small contributions from male adult voices. The greatest changes with age involved an increase in the input vocalizations from other children. Total input (collapsing across child‐directed and overheard speech, and across languages) was ∼11 min per hour, which was at least 5 min (31%) lower than that found in other populations studied using comparable methods in previous literature, as well as in archival American data analyzed with the same algorithm. In contrast, children's own vocalization counts were two to four times higher than previous reports for North‐American English‐learning monolingual infants at matched ages, and comparable to estimates from archival American data, consistent with a resilient language‐learning cognitive system for this aspect of vocal development. The strongest association between input and output was with vocalizations by other children, rather than those by adults, which is consistent with research in anthropology but less so with current theoretical trends in developmental psychology. These results invite further research in populations that are under‐represented in developmental science.

Research Highlights

Combining long‐form recordings with automated analyses, we estimated infants potentially exposed to ∼2.6 languages heard ∼11 min of speech per hour.

Infants’ input was dominated by vocalizations from female adults and from other children, particularly for the oldest infants in our sample.

The strongest association between children's own vocalization counts and input counts was with those of other children, and not those with adults.

Results invite further research on individual, group, and population variability in input quantity and composition, and its potential effects on vocal development.
Brain structural and functional connectivity and network organization in cerebral palsy: A scoping review
Authors: Jacobs Nina P. T. , Pouwels Petra J. W. , van der Krogt Marjolein M. , Meyns Pieter , Zhu Kangdi , Nelissen Loïs , Schoonmade Linda J. , Buizer Annemieke I. , van de Pol Laura A.
Published: February 2023

Aim

To explore altered structural and functional connectivity and network organization in cerebral palsy (CP), by clinical CP subtype (unilateral spastic, bilateral spastic, dyskinetic, and ataxic CP).

Method

PubMed and Embase databases were systematically searched. Extracted data included clinical characteristics, analyses, outcome measures, and results.

Results

Sixty‐five studies were included, of which 50 investigated structural connectivity, and 20 investigated functional connectivity using functional magnetic resonance imaging (14 studies) or electroencephalography (six studies). Five of the 50 studies of structural connectivity and one of 14 of functional connectivity investigated whole‐brain network organization. Most studies included patients with unilateral spastic CP; none included ataxic CP.

Interpretation

Differences in structural and functional connectivity were observed between investigated clinical CP subtypes and typically developing individuals on a wide variety of measures, including efferent, afferent, interhemispheric, and intrahemispheric connections. Directions for future research include extending knowledge in underrepresented CP subtypes and methodologies, evaluating the prognostic potential of specific connectivity and network measures in neonates, and understanding therapeutic effects on brain connectivity.
One‐year real‐world performance of the DBLG1 closed‐loop system: Data from 3706 adult users with type 1 diabetes in Germany
Authors: Benhamou Pierre‐Yves , Adenis Alice , Lebbad Hocine , Tourki Yousra , Heredia Maria‐Belen , Gehr Bernhard , Franc Sylvia , Charpentier Guillaume
Published: February 2023

Aim

The Diabeloop Generation 1 (DBLG1) system is an interoperable hybrid closed‐loop solution that was commercialized in Germany in March 2021. We report the longitudinal glycaemic outcomes among the first 3706 users in a real‐world setting.

Methods

We performed a retrospective data collection of all consenting adult patients with type 1 diabetes who were equipped in Germany with the DBLG1 system before 30 April 2022, and with a minimum 14 days of closed‐loop usage.

Results

In total, 3706 users (41% women, age 45.1 ± 14.5 years) met the inclusion criteria, reaching a mean follow‐up of 131.0 ± 85.1 days, an overall 485 600 days of continuous glucose monitoring data, and a median time spent in closed‐loop of 95.0% (IQR 89.1‐97.4). The median percentage time in range (70‐180 mg/dl) was 72.1% (IQR 65.0‐78.9); the time below 70 mg/dl was 0.9% (0.5‐1.7), the time below 54 mg/dl was 0.1% (0.1‐0.3), and the median Glucose Management Index was 7.0% (6.8‐7.3). Exploratory analysis of a subset of 2460 patients in whom baseline glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) was available [7.4% (IQR 6.9‐8.0)] showed that the achieved mean time in range was influenced by baseline HbA1c, ranging from 65.8 ± 9.9% (A1c ≥8.5%) to 81.3 ± 6.8% (A1c <6.5%).

Conclusion

This large real‐world analysis confirms the relevance of the DBLG1 automated insulin delivery solution for the achievement of standards of care in adult patients with type 1 diabetes.
Avoiding the Tragedy of the Reputational Commons in Sustainable Design
Authors: Krause Alan , Parkman Ian D.
Published: February 2023

Saturated with false messages about pseudo‐sustainable design, the danger is that the public largely no longer perceives the value of real, sustainable design.

Wondering how to differentiate your sustainable design in a market without clear standards? The Diamond Model of Authentic Sustainable Design provides a framework to do just that.
How to Design Social Innovations for Inclusive Aging
Authors: Erzurumlu Sinan , Gupta Aishani
Published: February 2023

Human‐centered design enforces user centricity, problem reframing, and experimentation with empathy, integrity, curiosity, and respect for people.

Employing principles of design to think about the challenges people face as they age can lead to more intelligent solutions for managing and embracing this living transition.
Clinical efficacy of retreatment of daratumumab‐based therapy (D2) in daratumumab‐refractory multiple myeloma
Authors: Abdallah Al‐Ola , Mahmoudjafari Zahra , Ahmed Nausheen , Cui Wei , Shune Leyla , McGuirk Joseph , Mohan Meera , Mohyuddin Ghulam Rehman , Afrough Aimaz , Alkharabsheh Omar , Atrash Shebli
Published: February 2023

Daratumumab demonstrates activity as a single agent and in combination with either immunomodulatory agents (IMiDs) or proteasome inhibitors (PIs) in relapsed refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). However, little is known about the benefit of daratumumab retreatment in daratumumab‐refractory MM. This study aimed to analyze the clinical efficacy of daratumumab‐based retreatment (D2) in patients who are daratumumab refractory MM. Retrospectively, we identified 43 RRMM patients from a single‐center database review. The median age was 65 years, 42% patients had high‐risk cytogenetics, and 23% had an extramedullary disease, while the median time between D2 and prior daratumumab was 1 (0.25–39) month. All D2 patients received combination therapy with either pomalidomide, carfilzomib, bortezomib, or lenalidomide. The response rate, median progression‐free, and overall survival were 49%, 7.97 and 32.6 months, respectively. Our study raises the possibility of re‐utilizing daratumumab in combination with different classes of anti‐myeloma drugs to generate responses in RRMM patients who are daratumumab‐refractory.
Circumstantial and constitutive moral luck in Kant's moral philosophy
Authors: Hartman Robert J.
Published: February 2023

The received view of Kant's moral philosophy is that it precludes all moral luck. But I offer a plausible interpretation according to which Kant embraces moral luck in circumstance and constitution. I interpret the unconditioned nature of transcendental freedom as a person's ability to do the right thing no matter how she is inclined by her circumstantial and constitutive luck. I argue that various passages about degrees of difficulty relating to circumstantial and constitutive luck provide a reason to accept a pro‐moral luck interpretation of Kant.
Complement activation profiles in anti‐acetylcholine receptor positive myasthenia gravis
Authors: Stascheit Frauke , Chuquisana Omar , Keller Christian W. , Ambrose Philip Alexander , Hoffmann Sarah , Gross Catharina C. , Lehnerer Sophie , Wiendl Heinz , Willcox Nick , Meisel Andreas , Lünemann Jan D.
Published: February 2023

Background and purpose

Complement component 5 (C5) targeting therapies are clinically beneficial in patients with acetylcholine receptor antibody+ (AChR‐Ab+) generalized myasthenia gravis (MG). That clearly implicates antibody‐mediated complement activation in MG pathogenesis. Here, classical and alternative complement pathways were profiled in patients from different MG subgroups.

Methods

In a case–control study, concentrations of C3a, C5a and sC5b9 were simultaneously quantified, indicating general activation of the complement system, whether via the classical and lectin pathways (C4a) or the alternative pathway (factors Ba and Bb) in MG patients with AChR or muscle‐specific kinase antibodies (MuSK‐Abs) or seronegative MG compared to healthy donors.

Results

Treatment‐naïve patients with AChR‐Ab+ MG showed substantially increased plasma levels of cleaved complement components, indicating activation of the classical and alternative as well as the terminal complement pathways. These increases were still present in a validation cohort of AChR‐Ab+ patients under standard immunosuppressive therapies; notably, they were not evident in patients with MuSK‐Abs or seronegative MG. Neither clinical severity parameters (at the time of sampling or 1 year later) nor anti‐AChR titres correlated significantly with activated complement levels.

Conclusions

Markers indicative of complement activation are prominently increased in patients with AChR‐Ab MG despite standard immunosuppressive therapies. Complement inhibition proximal to C5 cleavage should be explored for its potential therapeutic benefits in AChR‐Ab+ MG.
Differential diagnosis of familial adult myoclonic epilepsy
Authors: Baykan Betul , Franceschetti Silvana , Canafoglia Laura , Cavalleri Gianpiero L. , Michelucci Roberto , Scheffer Ingrid E.
Published: February 2023

Objective

Familial adult myoclonic epilepsy (FAME) is an under‐recognized disorder characterized by cortical myoclonus, generalized tonic–clonic seizures, and additional clinical symptoms, which vary depending on the FAME subtype. FAME is caused by pentanucleotide repeat expansions of intronic TTTCA/TTTTA in different genes. FAME should be distinguished from a range of differential diagnoses.

Methods

The differential diagnoses and frequent presentations leading to misdiagnosis of FAME were investigated from the available literature and reported based on an expert opinion survey.

Results

The phenotypic features of FAME, including generalized tonic–clonic and myoclonic seizures, are also seen in other epilepsy syndromes, such as juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, with a resultant risk of misdiagnosis and lack of identification of the underlying cause. Cortical myoclonus may mimic essential tremor or drug‐induced tremor. In younger individuals, the differential diagnosis includes progressive myoclonus epilepsies (PMEs), such as Unverricht‐Lundborg disease, whereas, in adulthood, late‐onset variants of PMEs, such as sialidoses, myoclonus epilepsy, and ataxia due to potassium channel pathogenic variants should be considered. PMEs may also be suggested by cognitive impairment, cerebellar signs, or psychiatric disorders. Electroencephalography (EEG) may show similarities to other idiopathic generalized epilepsies or PMEs, with generalized spike–wave activity. Signs of cortical hyperexcitability may be seen, such as an increased amplitude of somatosensory evoked potentials or enhanced cortical reflex to sensory stimuli, together with the neurophysiological pattern of the movement disorder.

Significance

Recognition of FAME will inform prognostic and genetic counseling and diagnosis of the insidious progression, which may occur in older individuals who show mild cognitive deterioration. Distinguishing FAME from other disorders in individuals or families with this constellation of symptoms is essential to allow the identification of underlying etiology.
Feature selection of surface topography parameters for fatigue‐damage detection using Pearson correlation method and neural network analysis
Authors: Alqahtani Hassan , Ray Asok
Published: February 2023

The global objective of this study was to investigate the best features of the surface topography for fatigue‐damage detection and classification. The presence of the stress concentration in valleys of the surface topography causes a grain slip and a crack initiation at the surface of the machined structure and finally leads to fatigue failures. Therefore, the surface topography has a major influence on the fatigue strength of the machined structure. An optical confocal measurement system (Alicona) was applied to measure six surface topography parameters. In this paper, feature selection using the Pearson correlation method was adopted to select the best surface textures that provide best the neural network (NN) model performance. The NN model is capable of detecting and classifying the damage with an accuracy of up to
94.4%.
Sarcopenia Definition Outcome Consortium – defined Weakness and Risk of Falls: The National Health and Aging Trends Survey
Authors: Batsis John A. , Haudenschild Christian , Crow Rebecca S. , Gilliam Meredith , Mackenzie Todd A.
Published: February 2023

Aim

The prevalence of obesity continues to rise, as does that of weakness. However, it is unclear how this impacts the risk of falling. We aimed to ascertain the risk of falls using new definitions of clinically defined weakness.

Methods

We applied clinically defined weakness definitions to the National Health and Aging Trends Survey using the Sarcopenia Definitions Outcomes Consortium cutpoints. Three exposure variables were created: grip‐strength‐defined weakness and body mass index [GS/BMI]‐defined obesity; weakness and obesity, weakness and waist circumference‐derived obesity (GS/WC); and weakness defined by a ratio of GS÷BMI. Proportional hazards modeled incident falls as a function of weakness with/without obesity (hazard ratio [HR] [95% confidence intervals]).

Results

Of 4906 respondents aged ≥ 65 years (54.5% female), the mean ± SD grip strength, BMI, and WC were 26.7 ± 10.6 kg, 27.4 ± 5.4 kg/m2, and 99.5 ± 16.3 cm, respectively. Using the neither weakness/obesity as the referent, weakness was associated with incident falls across all definitions (GS/BMI: HR 1.19 [1.07, 1.33]; GS/WC: HR 1.39 [1.19, 1.62]; GS ÷ BMI: HR 1.16 [1.05, 1.28]). Weakness with obesity was associated with falls using GS/WC (HR 1.28 [1.11, 1.48]). Obesity status was associated with falls in both the BMI and the WC definition (1.17 [1.02–1.35], 1.16 [1.05–1.28]).

Conclusion

Our findings further evaluate the definitions of clinically defined weakness with and without obesity in older adults. As falls are an important patient outcome, establishing this relationship is critical for both clinicians and researchers. Future study should identify high‐risk individuals in order to direct specific interventions to them. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23: 213–220.
Trajectory and cluster resilience elements: The case of the Brazilian wine cluster of the Serra Gaúcha
Authors: Schmidt Vitor Klein , Zen Aurora Carneiro , Soares Bernardo Fernandes , Bittencourt Bruno Anicet
Published: February 2023

The recent economic, technological, and social shocks have led to a period of high economic uncertainty. The term “economic resilience” has been used to describe how regional clusters deal with and adapt to various shocks. This paper aims to analyze the elements that influence the resilience trajectory of a cluster. We conduct qualitative and exploratory research on the centennial Wine Cluster in Serra Gaúcha, Brazil, using data sources, interviews, and documents. To this end, we first identify seven elements that influence cluster resilience from the literature review. Subsequently, through an empirical case study, we verify whether these elements could represent the resilience of clusters. The results show that these seven elements are integrable and represent dimensions that explain the resilience of the cluster analyzed. Moreover, the findings highlight that resilience and resistance to crises are the historical results of improvements and the development of new routines for clustered companies. This study contributes to the cluster resilience literature and presents elements explaining how regions can adapt to and deal with shocks.
Gender‐role preference matters: How family policy dissemination affects marriage/fertility intentions
Authors: Wang Senhu , Gong Shun
Published: February 2023

Despite a wide range of family policies, marriage and fertility rates in Japan remain very low among developed countries. Drawing on data from a national survey experiment, this study aims to examine whether dissemination of existing family policies can increase marriage and fertility intentions of Japanese young individuals and whether the effect depends on their gender‐role preferences. The results show that informing and/or reminding respondents of the existing family policies can significantly increase their marriage intention, but not their fertility intention. Moreover, the effect on marriage intention is moderated by their gender‐role expectations for future spouses. Specifically, the policy information effect is more pronounced among women who expect a relatively equal share of financial responsibilities and among men who expect their future wives to assume the primary housework responsibilities. This suggests that although existing family policies may lower marriage costs for economically independent women, the same policies could potentially exacerbate domestic gender inequalities and women's work‐life conflicts by helping less domestically engaged men enter into marriage. Overall, these findings contribute to the feminist literature on gender and family by highlighting the potential consequences of family policies on the pre‐marriage mechanisms of domestic gender inequalities and calling for actions to change men's traditional gender ideology.
Patient preferences for attributes of injected or infused preventive migraine medications: Findings from a discrete choice experiment
Authors: Schwedt Todd J. , Martin Ashley , Kymes Steven , Talon Brian , Lee Xin Ying , Cady Roger , Asher Divya , Karnik‐Henry Meghana , Mulvihill Emily , Bates Dawn , Beusterien Kathleen
Published: February 2023

Objective

To assess preferences among adults with migraine for differentiating attributes of injected or infused preventive treatment options and evaluate their importance in determining a treatment choice.

Background

Adults with migraine and health‐care providers consider many factors when making treatment decisions. Injected or infused preventive migraine treatment options differ in several attributes, including mode of administration and dosing frequency, which may be preferentially selected or avoided by patients. Understanding a patient's preference is important for clinicians as they advise on various treatment options.

Methods

A total of 604 US adults diagnosed with migraine participated in an online survey that captured information on demographics, migraine history, and treatment preferences. A discrete choice experiment (DCE) was used to evaluate participants’ preferences for specific attributes of injected/infused preventive migraine therapies. The DCE data were utilized to estimate attribute importance (expressed as a percentage) and identify subgroups that had different distributions of preferences.

Results

In the overall migraine population, mode of administration (28.8%), durability of effectiveness (27.0%), and speed of onset (25.5%) had the highest relative importance, whereas administration setting (9.9%) and dosing frequency (8.8%) had the lowest. Four distinct subgroups were identified: Group 1 (n = 128) preferred self‐injection administration and durability of effectiveness; Group 2 (n = 189) expressed aversion to cranial injections; Group 3 (n = 158) prioritized rapid speed of onset; and Group 4 (n = 129) favored health‐care provider administration and durability of effectiveness.

Conclusions

Speed of onset, durability of effectiveness, and mode of administration are key moderators of treatment preference among US adults with migraine. Certain segments of the migraine population prioritize specific treatment attributes over others, with intravenous infusion not considered a barrier in three of four identified segments. Clinicians can best help their patients find the right medication if they understand which medication attributes are most and least important to them.
Development of SEDDS formulation containing caffeine for dermal delivery
Authors: de Almeida Igor de Andrade Assunção , Honório Thiago da Silva , do Carmo Flavia Almada , de Freitas Zaida Maria Faria , Simon Alice , Rangel Rodrigues Carlos , Pereira de Sousa Valeria , Cabral Lucio Mendes , de Abreu Letícia Coli Louvisse
Published: February 2023

Objective

The objective of this work was to develop a self‐emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS) containing caffeine for the treatment of cellulite.

Methods

SEDDS were prepared using the solution method. 0.5% (w/v) caffeine was added to the previously selected excipients. The system was characterized by droplet size, zeta potential, emulsification time and long‐term stability. In vitro release and skin permeation were investigated using Franz‐type diffusion cells. The cytotoxicity was evaluated on normal human keratinocytes.

Results

Caffeine SEDDS were thermodynamically stable, with a zeta potential less than ‐ 22 mV and droplet size around 30 nm, and were long‐term stable. The permeation study showed that the formulation promoted caffeine accumulation in the skin layers, suggesting an increase in local circulation. Cytotoxicity studies on HaCaT cells were not conclusive as the surfactant used indicated false‐positive results due to its high molar mass.

Conclusion

It was possible to obtain a stable SEDDS that could cause an increase in blood flow in the applied area, resulting in cellulite reduction.
Relationship between skin fungal and bacterial microbiomes and skin pH
Authors: Akaza Narifumi , Takasaki Kazuto , Matsudaira Takahiro , Usui Atsuko , Iijima Anna , Miura Shiori , Yashiro Youichi
Published: February 2023

Objective

The present study investigated the relationship between the skin bacterial and fungal microbiomes and skin pH at sebaceous sites, namely, the forehead, cheek and upper chest. We also examined the relationship between the skin microbiome and transepidermal water loss (TEWL), which is an indicator of rough skin.

Methods

Thirty healthy Japanese subjects (15 females and 15 males) were enrolled as subjects. The forehead, cheek and upper chest were examined in August (summer) and February (winter). Skin surface samples were collected using the swab method, and the 16s rRNA and ITS regions were analysed using next‐generation sequencing. Skin pH and TEWL were also assessed.

Results

The changes observed in the skin microbiome were associated with season‐dependent changes in skin pH. An increase in skin pH at the forehead and cheek was associated with a higher relative abundance of Cutibacterium spp., a reduction in bacterial diversity, and a lower relative abundance of Staphylococcus spp. A decrease in skin pH at the upper chest was associated with a higher relative abundance of Malassezia restricta, a lower relative abundance of M. sympodialis and decrease in fungal diversity. Moreover, these changes were also associated with an increase in TEWL.

Conclusion

The present results indicate that changes in skin pH are associated with changes in the skin bacterial and fungal microbiomes at sebaceous sites. The changes observed in the skin microbiome were also associated with rough skin.
International student mobility: A systematic review and research agenda
Authors: Luo Yunxin , Latukha Marina , Panibratov Andrei
Published: February 2023

This study aimed to synthesize fragmented knowledge about international student mobility (ISM) in higher education to provide an understanding of existing studies and directions for future research. To this end, the authors conducted a systematic literature review using a hybrid approach that integrated bibliometric analysis with the theory, context, and method (TCM) framework (Paul et al., Journal of World Business, 2017;52(3):327–342). Applying bibliometric analysis, this study found publication trends, prolific journals, influential articles, and major themes in the field, whereas the TCM framework helped identify widely used theories (motivation theory, immigration theory, acculturation theory, learning theory, and capital theory), research contexts (destination country or region, population, and others), and methods in research and provided future study directions. The identified gaps in the existing literature suggest that future research should develop theoretical foundations and research designs to analyse new processes, patterns, and issues in ISM in higher education within the context of today's changing international environment. In addition to identifying the key research themes and research foundations of ISM in higher education, this review can help add value to the ISM literature from a marketing perspective. This is the first comprehensive literature review of this topic using a hybrid approach.
Multiple, speeded assessments: Initial evidence on subgroup differences and applicant perceptions
Authors: Lievens Filip , Corstjens Jan , Herde Christoph N.
Published: February 2023

Recently, shorter assessments have emerged as potential alternatives for more resourceful traditional selection approaches. Multiple, speeded assessments (MSAs) represent such an alternative. In MSAs, candidates participate in a large number of short (a maximum of 5 min), behavioral simulations in which they face a variety of job situations. Initial psychometric evidence on the validity of MSAs is promising. Yet, validity represents only one piece of evidence. It is not known whether MSAs disadvantage specific subgroups, which may inhibit diversity. There is also no information on candidates' experience of going through an MSA, which is pivotal for the attractiveness of the organization's selection process. Therefore, this study investigates an MSA in terms of subgroup differences (gender and nationality) and applicant perceptions. Master of Business Administration (MBA) students (N = 96) proceeded through 18 short role‐plays sampling junior management situations. Score differences between men and women were negligible. Yet, there were large score differences between national citizens and foreigners. There was no evidence for predictive bias for nationality, though. Of the applicant reaction measures, interpersonal treatment perceptions contributed most to overall fairness perceptions. These findings add to the evidence in support of MSAs, while also stressing to remain vigilant for potential score differences among subgroups.
RETRACTED: Haemoglobin changes before and after packed red blood cells transfusion in burn patients: A retrospective cross‐sectional study
Authors: Parvizi Arman , Haddadi Soudabeh , Atrkar Roshan Zahra , Kafash Pardis
Published: February 2023

The present study aimed to investigate haemoglobin (Hb) changes before and after packed red blood cell (RBC) transfusion in burn patients. This study was a retrospective cross‐sectional study that was conducted on burn patients in Velayat hospital in Rasht, Iran. The sampling method of this study was consecutive sampling. Data were collected using patient records, including age, gender, body mass index (BMI), total body surface area (TBSA) percentage, length of hospitalisation, Frequency of receiving packed RBCs, and Hb level before each packed RBC transfusion and 4 to 6 hours after transfusion. Paired t tests and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to compare the study variables. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to investigate the relationship between Hb changes after the transfusion of packed RBCs and the study variables. A total of 110 burn patients participated in this study. The average Hb before and after transfusion was 8.07 (SD = 0.97) and 9.16 (SD = 1.01), respectively, which were significantly different (P = .0001). The results showed that there was a significant negative relationship between the variables of age (r = −0.188, P = .0001), BMI (r = −0.110, P = .035), and TBSA percentage (r = −0.122, P = .019) with changes in Hb after transfusion. Also, the duration of hospitalisation had a significant positive relationship with Hb changes after transfusion (r = 0.124, P = .017). In sum, Hb level compensation through packed RBC transfusion in elderly burn patients has more challenges. The number of changes in Hb level after receiving packed RBCs decreased with increasing TBSA, BMI, and age. Also, there was a positive correlation between the duration of hospitalisation and changes in Hb levels.
Analysis of the genomic landscape of inbreeding in two divergent groups of Spanish Florida goats
Authors: Ziegler Tatiana E. , Molina Antonio , Ramón Manuel , Sanchez Manuel , Muñoz‐Mejías Eva , Antonini Alicia , Demyda‐Peyrás Sebastián
Published: February 2023

The analysis of the genomic landscape of inbreeding using runs of homozygosity (ROH) patterns is becoming an interesting tool to partially understand phenotypic differences among individuals. In this study, we analysed genome‐wide ROH patterns in two groups of Florida goats. We first determined the inbreeding levels of each individual by calculating ROH‐based inbreeding coefficients (FROH). Then, the individuals were divided into two groups based onFROH: high inbreeding (HI,FROH >0.1) and low inbreeding (LI,FROH <0.03). Finally, we performed an extensive in‐depth analysis of ROH distribution in each group separately. We found a higher abundance of short ROH in LI, whereas long ROH was more frequent in HI. Furthermore, ROH abundance was not evenly distributed among chromosomes within groups, with some chromosomes showing larger numbers of ROH, like CHI6, CHI7 and CHI27. A different landscape was observed in recent inbreeding (ROH >8 Mb), with significant increases in CHI6, CHI11 and CHI28. Determination of genomic regions with significantly increased ROH (ROH islands—ROHi) showed 13 ROHi related to whole inbreeding and five ROHi associated with recent inbreeding analysis. Within these genomic regions, 123 and 101 genes were identified in HI and LI, respectively, including 10 and seven candidate genes previously related to production, fertility and heat resistance in goats and livestock species.
Individual, interpersonal and environmental correlates of sedentary behaviours in adults with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Chusamer K. , Melville C. A. , McGarty A. M.
Published: February 2023

Background

Sedentary behaviours have adverse health outcomes and adults with intellectual disabilities are at a higher risk of unhealthy lifestyle behaviours. The lack of knowledge relating to sedentary behaviours in adults with intellectual disabilities has impeded the development of effective interventions. This study aimed to investigate individual, interpersonal and environmental correlates that are associated with sedentary behaviours in adults with intellectual disabilities.

Method

A secondary analysis of data from The UK Household Longitudinal Study (Understanding Society; collected 2011–2013) was conducted. Twenty‐two predictor variables were included in a stepwise logistic regression, with TV hours during weekdays (≤3 and >3 h/day) used as a proxy for sedentary behaviours. A sample of 266 adults, with mean age of 37.9 and range from 18 to 49 years old, with intellectual disabilities were identified. Because 63.9% were female, 62.4% had children and 28.2% were employed, the sample is likely to be most representative of more able adults with intellectual disabilities.

Results

A significant interaction term between having children and neighbourhood status was found in the initial model so separate models for good and poor‐quality neighbourhoods are reported. Having children only had a significant effect to lower the odds of high TV time among participants living in good quality neighbourhoods (OR 0.10, 95% CI 0.03, 0.25). However, for people living in poor quality neighbourhoods it was better quality leisure services that was associated with lower odds of high TV time (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.23, 0.90). Being employed only significantly reduced the odds of high TV time in the good quality neighbourhood model (OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.12, 0.78). These effects highlight the importance of environmental effects on lifestyle behaviours of adults with intellectual disabilities.

Conclusions

Future research should aim to expand our understanding of environmental effects on the sedentary behaviours and other lifestyle behaviours of adults with intellectual disabilities.
International Housing Markets and the U.S. Subprime Crisis
Authors: LUO SHIKONG (SCOTT) , MA JUN
Published: February 2023

We propose a novel decomposition approach to study the degree of co‐movement of international housing markets while distinguishing among different economic drivers. We find that the housing market variability for an average country was mainly driven by the common housing risk premium components during the years leading up to the 2007–08 subprime financial crisis. A decrease in the common housing risk premium was followed by a housing boom and economic expansion in the United States prior to the crisis. Our findings add to the understanding of the role of common risk factors across international housing markets before the crisis.
The Bright and Dark Sides of a Central Bank's Financial Support to Local Banks after a Natural Disaster: Evidence from the Great Kanto Earthquake, 1923 Japan
Authors: OKAZAKI TETSUJI , OKUBO TOSHIHIRO , STROBL ERIC
Published: February 2023

The Great Kanto Earthquake of 1923 caused serious damage to firms and banks in Yokohama City. We explore the role of the financial support by the Bank of Japan (BoJ) through local banks in a firm's survival and recovery from the natural disaster. We find that the small‐ and medium‐sized firms (SMEs) that had a relatively large correspondent bank with a large number of bills rediscounted by BoJ had a higher likelihood of survival but lower growth after the earthquake. Liquidity supply by the central bank for recovery from a negative shock can have both positive and negative impacts.
Cell proliferation and glial cell marker expression in the wall of the third ventricle in the tuberal region of the male mouse hypothalamus during postnatal development
Authors: Coutteau‐Robles Adrian , Prevot Vincent , Sharif Ariane
Published: February 2023

The third ventricle (3 V) wall of the tuberal hypothalamus is composed of two types of cells; specialized ependymoglial cells called tanycytes located ventrally and ependymocytes dorsally, which control the exchanges between the cerebrospinal fluid and the hypothalamic parenchyma. By regulating the dialogue between the brain and the periphery, tanycytes are now recognized as central players in the control of major hypothalamic functions such as energy metabolism and reproduction. While our knowledge of the biology of adult tanycytes is progressing rapidly, our understanding of their development remains very incomplete. To gain insight into the postnatal maturation of the 3 V ependymal lining, we conducted a comprehensive immunofluorescent study of the mouse tuberal region at four postnatal ages (postnatal day (P) 0, P4, P10, and P20). We analyzed the expression profile of a panel of tanycyte and ependymocyte markers (vimentin, S100, connexin‐43 [Cx43], and glial fibrillary acidic protein [GFAP]) and characterized cell proliferation in the 3 V wall using the thymidine analog bromodeoxyuridine. Our results show that most changes in marker expression occur between P4 and P10, with a switch from a 3 V mostly lined by radial cells to the emergence of a tanycytic domain ventrally and an ependymocytic domain dorsally, a drop in cell proliferation and increased expression of S100, Cx43, and GFAP that acquire a mature profile at P20. Our study thus identifies the transition between the first and the second postnatal week as a critical time window for the postnatal maturation of the 3 V wall ependymal lining.
Synchrony in parent‐offspring social interactions across development: A cross‐species review of rodents and humans
Authors: Ham Gao Xiang , Lim Kai En , Augustine George J. , Leong Victoria
Published: February 2023

In humans, parent–child neural synchrony has been shown to support early communication, social attunement and learning. Further, some animal species (including rodents and bats) are now known to share neural synchrony during certain forms of social behaviour. However, very little is known about the developmental origins and sequelae of neural synchrony, and whether this neural mechanism might play a causal role in the control of social and communicative behaviour across species. Rodent models are optimal for exploring such questions of causality, with a plethora of tools available for both disruption/induction (optogenetics) and even mechanistic dissection of synchrony‐induction pathways (in vivo electrical or optical recording of neural activity). However, before the benefits of rodent models for advancing research on parent‐infant synchrony can be realised, it is first important to address a gap in understanding the forms of parent‐pup synchrony that occur during rodent development, and how these social relationships evolve over time. Accordingly, this review seeks to identify parent‐pup social behaviours that could potentially drive or facilitate synchrony and to discuss key differences or limitations when comparing mouse to human models of parent‐infant synchrony. Uniquely, our review will focus on parent‐pup dyadic social behaviours that have particular analogies to the human context, including instrumental, social interactive and vocal communicative behaviours. This review is intended to serve as a primer on the study of neurobehavioral synchrony across human and rodent dyadic developmental models.
The Gender Gap in Housing Returns
Authors: GOLDSMITH‐PINKHAM PAUL , SHUE KELLY
Published: February 2023

Using detailed transactions data across the United States, we find that single women earn 1.5 percentage points lower annualized returns on housing relative to single men. Forty‐five percent of the gap is explained by transaction timing and location. The remaining gap arises from a 2% gender difference in execution prices at purchase and sale. Consistent with a negotiation channel, women list for less and experience worse negotiated discounts. The gender gap shrinks in tight markets, where negotiation is replaced by quasi‐auctions. Overall, gender differences in housing explain 30% of the gender gap in wealth accumulation for the median household.
Do Municipal Bond Dealers Give Their Customers “Fair and Reasonable” Pricing?
Authors: GRIFFIN JOHN M. , HIRSCHEY NICHOLAS , KRUGER SAMUEL
Published: February 2023

Municipal bonds exhibit considerable retail pricing variation, even for same‐size trades of the same bond on the same day, and even from the same dealer. Markups vary widely across dealers. Trading strongly clusters on eighth price increments, and clustered trades exhibit higher markups. Yields are often lowered to just above salient numbers. Machine learning estimates exploiting the richness of the data show that dealers that use strategic pricing have systematically higher markups. Recent Municipal Securities Rulemaking Board rules have had only a limited impact on markups. While a subset of dealers focus on best execution, many dealers appear focused on opportunistic pricing.
Partner psychological abuse: Can you leave home at work?
Authors: Thompson Merideth J. , Hackney Kaylee , Crawford Wayne , Bonner Julena M. , Carlson Dawn S.
Published: February 2023

Utilizing sociometer theory, we examine the impact of partner psychological abuse at home on an individual's self‐esteem and the resulting effects on job performance in the work domain. Further, we propose that the respondent's ability to psychologically detach from family will buffer those effects. Using a sample of dual‐career married couples, we use the actor–partner interdependence model to test this for both individuals in the couple (176 men and 176 women) and find that psychological abuse by one's partner at home diminishes the target's self‐esteem and contributes to reduced job performance and that psychological detachment from family moderated the effect of psychological abuse on self‐esteem for men only, such that men are able to detach and buffer the effects of abuse on their job performance. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.
Relational consequences of stigma: Bridging research on social stigma with relationship science
Authors: Doyle David Matthew , Barreto Manuela
Published: February 2023

Research on the relational effects of stigma must move beyond the intergroup context and, most importantly, focus upon the ways in which stigma itself shapes social relationships. In order to more deeply investigate the relational consequences of social stigma, researchers interested in this topic need to consider the potential contributions of relationship science. Drawing upon past theory, we pose four overarching questions that may help bridge research on social stigma with relationship science: (1) What types of relationships are relevant to understanding the social consequences of stigma? (2) How do relationships operate when partners are faced with social stigma? (3) What psychosocial tendencies do people whose identities are stigmatized bring to their relationships? (4) How does the broader social context affect relationships for members of stigmatized groups? We also consider methodological advances from relationship science, broadly defined, that may progress research in this area. Finally, we highlight the importance of eliminating discriminatory policy as well as introducing policy aimed at remediating social inequalities to ensuring equity in social health between members of stigmatized and dominant groups. It is our aim to point toward a framework for scholars to further push the boundaries in understanding the social consequences of stigma.
A chaperonin containing T‐complex polypeptide‐1 facilitates the formation of the PbWoxT1‐PbPTB3 ribonucleoprotein complex for long‐distance RNA trafficking in Pyrus betulaefolia
Authors: Wang Shengnan , Duan Xuwei , Wang Shengyuan , Hao Li , Zhang Yi , Xu Chaoran , Yu Yunfei , Xiang Ling , Jiang Feng , Heinlein Manfred , Li Tianzhong , Zhang Wenna
Published: February 2023

Numerous plant endogenous mRNAs move via phloem and thus affect the growth and development of long‐distant organs. mRNAs are transported with RNA‐binding proteins forming a ribonucleoprotein complex. However, it remains elusive how such RNP complex assembles and facilitates mRNA trafficking.

Protease digestion and RNA immunoprecipitation were used to investigate the RNP assembly function of the complete Chaperonin Containing T‐complex Polypeptide‐1. In situ hybridization, hairy root transformation, microprojectile bombardment, and grafting experiments demonstrate the role of CCT complex in the transport of a PbWoxT1‐PbPTB3 RNP complex in Pyrus betulaefolia.

PbCCT5 silenced caused defective movement of GFP‐PbPTB3 and GFP‐PbWoxT1 from hairy roots to new leaves via the phloem. PbCCT5 is shown to interact with PbPTB3. PbCCT complex enhanced PbPTB3 stabilization and permitted assembly of PbWoxT1 and PbPTB3 into an RNP complex. Furthermore, silencing of individual CCT subunits inhibited the intercellular movement of GFP‐PbPTB3 and long‐distance trafficking of PbWoxT1 and PbPTB3 in grafted plants.

Taken together, the CCT complex assembles PbPTB3 and PbWoxT1 into an RNP complex in the phloem in order to facilitate the long‐distance trafficking of PbWoxT1 in P. betulaefolia. This study therefore provides important insights into the mechanism of RNP complex formation and transport.
Insights into the convergent evolution of fructan biosynthesis in angiosperms from the highly characteristic chicory genome
Authors: Shen Fei , He Hao , Huang Xin , Deng Yang , Yang Xiaozeng
Published: February 2023

Fructans in angiosperms play essential roles in physiological functions and environmental adaptations. As a major source of industrial fructans (especially inulin‐type), chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) is a model species for studying fructan biosynthesis. However, the genes underlying this process and their evolutionary history in angiosperms remain elusive.

We combined multiple sequencing technologies to assemble and annotate the chicory genome and scan its (epi)genomic features, such as genomic components, DNA methylation, and three‐dimensional (3D) structure. We also performed a comparative genomics analysis to uncover the associations between key traits and gene families.

We achieved a nearly complete chicory genome assembly and found that continuous bursts of a few highly active retrotransposon families largely shaped the (epi)genomic characteristics. The highly methylated genome with its unique 3D structure potentially influences critical biological processes. Our comprehensive comparative genomics analysis deciphered the genetic basis for the rich sesquiterpene content in chicory and indicated that the fructan‐accumulating trait resulted from convergent evolution in angiosperms due to shifts in critical sites of fructan‐active enzymes.

The highly characterized chicory genome provides insight into Asteraceae evolution and fructan biosynthesis in angiosperms.