bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La leyenda dorada del protestantismo. Hermenéutica bíblica, libertad de conciencia y libertad política
Authors: García-Alonso Marta
Published: June 2018

Es común pensar que la Reforma y la modernidad política van de la mano, puesto que autores tan relevantes como Hegel, Tocqueville, Jellinek o Martha Nussbaum, en nuestros días, sitúan la religión protestante en el origen de ideas tan fundamentales como la libertad de conciencia y la libertad política. En este trabajo, nos proponemos analizar brevemente la relación entre libertad de conciencia y libertad política a través de dos figuras fundamentales de la tradición protestante calvinista: Juan Calvino —su fundador, artífice de su ortodoxia y su vía institucional— y Pierre Bayle, el filósofo de Rotterdam que llevó el calvinismo a su cota más alta de heterodoxia en el siglo XVII. Veremos de qué modo comprenden el acceso a la Escritura y cuál es la fórmula política que defienden para su contexto inmediato.
Juan Bautista Cabrera Ivars: un reformador protestante en el siglo XIX español
Authors: Ríos Sánchez Patrocinio
Published: June 2018

El trabajo presenta, siguiendo un criterio cronoespacial, una síntesis de la biografía de Juan Bautista Cabrera Ivars, precedida de una breve descripción del ordenamiento jurídico en que transcurre. Se presta atención particular a la obra organizativa y reformista y se destaca el hecho novedoso de haber sido elegido miembro de la Hispanic Society of America. En el cuerpo del texto se reproducen algunos documentos inéditos y en apéndice se adjunta una clasificación de la obra escrita, surgida casi toda ella del impulso reformador y como complemento de tal empresa, y una estadística del desarrollo del protestantismo en España.
Perfiles de un debate sobre la Passio Mantii
Authors: González Salinero Raúl
Published: June 2018

Aunque la mayor parte de la historiografía sitúa la Passio Mantii en época visigoda, en los últimos tiempos ha surgido alguna voz discordante que, con argumentos principalmente filológicos, sostiene que debe ser «trasladada» a la época mozárabe. Mediante un riguroso y exhaustivo análisis de los elementos extratextuales y contextuales, a la vez que intratextuales e intertextuales, que se desprenden de este relato hagiográfico, el presente artículo aporta nuevos y profundos argumentos que lo «devuelven» a la época visigoda y confirman a la vez su importancia como fuente histórica para el estudio de los judíos en la Hispania del siglo VII.
La provisión de beneficios en la catedral de Lleida durante el episcopado de Antoni Cerdà (1449-1459)
Authors: Cassanyes Roig Albert
Published: June 2018

La provisión de beneficios eclesiásticos fue una de las principales herramientas de los distintos poderes para colocar a sus allegados en las catedrales. El presente artículo estudia cómo y a quién se concedieron los beneficios en la catedral de Lleida durante la década en la que Antoni Cerdà fue obispo de la diócesis (1449-1459). A través de las Actas capitulares y de otra documentación complementaria, ha sido posible establecer la onomástica de los beneficiados en las distintas capillas y analizar los intereses que había detrás de su provisión
Fatty meal sonography comparing coconut oil and chocolate bar with full-fat yoghurt as cholecystagogues for gallbladder ejection fractions
Authors: Spangenberg Benjamin , Janse van Rensburg Jacques
Published: June 2018

Background: The authors compared the effectiveness of a chocolate bar and full-fat yoghurt combination to coconut oil in determining the gallbladder ejection fraction (GBEF). The clinical motive was functional gallbladder disorder (FGD) which has the clinical picture of symptomatic gallstones but without gallstones. Functional gallbladder disorder has a decreased GBEF of less than 35%. Gallbladder ejection fraction can be calculated by ultrasound, using cholecystokinin (CCK) as a stimulant for gallbladder contraction. Cholecystokinin is not available in South Africa, and the researchers compared a 60 g Snickers chocolate bar with 200 g full-fat yoghurt, against the theoretically superior coconut oil. Objectives: To determine the efficacy of coconut oil versus chocolate bar and 200 g full-fat yoghurt combination in performing sonographic GBEFs. Method: This was a randomised clinical experiment, before and after crossover trial. The three experimental components of the study included 15 g coconut oil, 20 g coconut oil and a standard fatty meal consisting of 60 g Snickers bar and 200 g full-fat yoghurt. Results: The GBEF for the chocolate bar and yoghurt combination was the highest (62.84%). The GBEF for 20 g of coconut oil was 23.47% and for 15 g of coconut oil was 5.11%. There was a statistically significant difference between the chocolate and yoghurt combination and the 20 g coconut oil, as well as the chocolate yoghurt combination and the 15 g coconut oil, both with a p-value of < 0.0001. No statistically significant difference was found between the 20 g and 15 g coconut oil. Conclusions: The 60 g Snickers chocolate bar and 200 g full-fat yoghurt combination was superior to the coconut oil. The authors advocate using the chocolate and yoghurt fatty meal oral stimulant to determine GBEF.
Irreducible Polynomials Over a Finite Field with Restricted Coefficients
Authors: Porritt Sam
Published: June 2018

We prove a function field analogue of Maynard’s celebrated result about primes with restricted digits. That is, for certain ranges of parameters
$n$
and
$q$
, we prove an asymptotic formula for the number of irreducible polynomials of degree
$n$
over a finite field
$\mathbb{F}_{q}$
whose coefficients are restricted to lie in a given subset of
$\mathbb{F}_{q}$
.
Encéphalomyélite infectieuse aviaire
Authors: Brion Abel , Fontaine M. , Fontaine M.-P.
Published: June 2018

Plusieurs épizooties ont été étudiées, dans lesquelles les symptômes cliniques, les lésions, l’épidémiologie permettent de reconnaître l’Encéphalomyélite infectieuse.

L’expérimentation confirme cette hypothèse.

Devant cette invasion du territoire français par une nouvelle maladie, il importe de prendre des mesures prophylactiques, parmi lesquelles un strict contrôle sanitaire des élevages important des œufs à couver ou sujets destinés à la reproduction, et la livraison à la consommation des volailles et des œufs provenant des exploitations atteintes.
East Asian dust storm in May 2017: observations, modelling, and its influence on the Asia-Pacific region
Authors: Zhang Xiao-Xiao , Sharratt Brenton , Liu Lian-You , Wang Zi-Fa , Pan Xiao-Le , Lei Jia-Qiang , Wu Shi-Xin , Huang Shuang-Yan , Guo Yu-Hong , Li Jie , Tang Xiao , Yang Ting , Tian Yu , Chen Xue-Shun , Hao Jian-Qi , Zheng Hai-Tao , Yang Yan-Yan , Lyu Yan-Li
Published: June 2018

Abstract. A severe dust storm event originated from the Gobi Desert in Central and East
Asia during 2–7 May 2017. Based on Moderate Resolution Imaging
Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite products, hourly environmental monitoring
measurements from Chinese cities and East Asian meteorological observation
stations, and numerical simulations, we analysed the spatial and temporal
characteristics of this dust event as well as its associated impact on the
Asia-Pacific region. The maximum observed hourly PM10 (particulate
matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 10 µm) concentration
was above 1000 µg m−3 in Beijing, Tianjin, Shijiazhuang,
Baoding, and Langfang and above 2000 µg m−3 in Erdos, Hohhot,
Baotou, and Alxa in northern China. This dust event affected over
8.35 million km2, or 87 % of the Chinese mainland, and significantly deteriorated air quality in 316 cities of
the 367 cities examined across China. The maximum surface wind speed during
the dust storm was 23–24 m s−1 in the Mongolian Gobi Desert and
20–22 m s−1 in central Inner Mongolia, indicating the potential
source regions of this dust event. Lidar-derived vertical dust profiles in
Beijing, Seoul, and Tokyo indicated dust aerosols were uplifted to an
altitude of 1.5–3.5 km, whereas simulations by the Weather Research and
Forecasting with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) model indicated 20.4 and 5.3 Tg of
aeolian dust being deposited respectively across continental Asia and the
North Pacific Ocean. According to forward trajectory analysis by the FLEXible
PARTicle dispersion (FLEXPART) model, the East Asian dust plume moved across
the North Pacific within a week. Dust concentrations decreased from the East
Asian continent across the Pacific Ocean from a magnitude of 103 to
10−5 µg m−3, while dust deposition intensity ranged from
104 to 10−1 mg m−2. This dust event was unusual due to its
impact on continental China, the Korean Peninsula, Japan, and the North
Pacific Ocean. Asian dust storms such as those observed in early May 2017 may
lead to wider climate forcing on a global scale.
Climate change over the high-mountain versus plain areas: Effects on the land surface hydrologic budget in the Alpine area and northern Italy
Authors: Cassardo Claudio , Park Seon Ki , Galli Marco , O Sungmin
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Climate change may intensify during the second half of the current century.
Changes in temperature and precipitation can exert a significant impact on
the regional hydrologic cycle. Because the land surface serves as the hub of
interactions among the variables constituting the energy and water cycles,
evaluating the land surface processes is essential to detail the future
climate. In this study, we employ a trusted soil–vegetation–atmosphere
transfer scheme, called the University of Torino model of land Processes
Interaction with Atmosphere (UTOPIA), in offline simulations to quantify the
changes in hydrologic components in the Alpine area and northern Italy,
between the period of 1961–1990 and 2071–2100. The regional climate
projections are obtained by the Regional Climate Model version 3 (RegCM3) via
two emission scenarios – A2 and B2 from the Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change Special Report on Emissions Scenarios. The hydroclimate
projections, especially from A2, indicate that evapotranspiration generally
increases, especially over the plain areas, and consequently the surface soil
moisture decreases during summer, falling below the wilting point threshold
for an extra month. In the high-mountain areas, due to the earlier snowmelt, the land surface becomes snowless for an additional month. The
annual mean number of dry (wet) days increases remarkably (slightly), thus
increasing the risk of severe droughts, and slightly increasing the risk of
floods coincidently. Our results have serious implications for human life,
including agricultural production, water sustainability, and general
infrastructures, over the Alpine and adjacent plain areas and can be used to
plan the managements of water resources, floods, irrigation, forestry,
hydropower, and many other relevant activities.
Thermodynamic properties of seawater, ice and humid air: TEOS-10, before and beyond
Authors: Feistel Rainer
Published: June 2018

Abstract. In the terrestrial climate system, water is a key player in the form of its different ambient phases of ice, liquid and vapour, admixed with sea salt in the ocean and with dry air in the atmosphere. For proper balances of climatic energy and entropy fluxes in models and observations, a highly accurate, consistent and comprehensive thermodynamic standard framework is requisite in geophysics and climate research. The new Thermodynamic Equation of Seawater – 2010 (TEOS-10) constitutes such a standard for properties of water in its various manifestations in the hydrological cycle. TEOS-10 was recommended internationally in 2009 by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) to replace the previous 1980 seawater standard, EOS-80, and in 2011 by the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) as the official description for the properties of seawater, of ice and of humid air. This paper briefly reviews the development of TEOS-10, its novel axiomatic properties, the new oceanographic tools it offers and the important tasks that still await solutions by ongoing research. Among the latter are new definitions and measurement standards for seawater salinity and pH in order to establish their metrological traceability to the International System of Units (SI) for the first time after a century of widespread use. Of similar climatological relevance is the development and recommendation of a uniform standard definition of atmospheric relative humidity that is unambiguous and rigorously based on physical principles.The leading thermodynamic properties of a fluid are determined by the relations which exist between volume, pressure, temperature, energy, and entropy … But all the relations existing between these five quantities for any substance …may be deduced from the single relation existing for that substance between volume, energy, and entropy. Josiah Willard Gibbs, 1873b
The effect of obliquity on temperature in subduction zones: insights from 3-D numerical modeling
Authors: Plunder Alexis , Thieulot Cédric , van Hinsbergen Douwe J. J.
Published: June 2018

Abstract. The geotherm in subduction zones is thought to vary as a function of the subduction rate and the age of the subducting lithosphere. Along a single subduction zone the rate of subduction may strongly vary due to changes in the angle between the trench and the plate convergence vector, i.e., the subduction obliquity, due to trench curvature. We currently observe such curvature in, e.g., the Marianas, Chile and Aleutian trenches. Recently, strong along-strike variations in subduction obliquity were proposed to have caused a major temperature contrast between Cretaceous geological records of western and central Turkey. We test here whether first-order temperature variation in a subduction zone may be caused by variation in the trench geometry using simple thermo-kinematic finite-element 3-D numerical models. We prescribe the trench geometry by means of a simple mathematical function and compute the mantle flow in the mantle wedge by solving the equation of mass and momentum conservation. We then solve the energy conservation equation until steady state is reached. We analyze the results (i) in terms of mantle wedge flow with emphasis on the trench-parallel component and (ii) in terms of temperature along the plate interface by means of maps and the depth–temperature path at the interface. In our experiments, the effect of the trench curvature on the geotherm is substantial. A small obliquity yields a small but not negligible trench-parallel mantle flow, leading to differences of 30 °C along-strike of the model. Advected heat causes such temperature variations (linked to the magnitude of the trench-parallel component of velocity). With increasing obliquity, the trench-parallel component of the velocity consequently increases and the temperature variation reaches 200 °C along-strike. Finally, we discuss the implication of our simulations for the ubiquitous oblique systems that are observed on Earth and the limitations of our modeling approach. Lateral variations in plate sinking rate associated with curvature will further enhance this temperature contrast. We conclude that the synchronous metamorphic temperature contrast between central and western Turkey may well have resulted from reconstructed major variations in subduction obliquity.
Generating wind power scenarios for probabilistic ramp event prediction using multivariate statistical post-processing
Authors: Worsnop Rochelle P. , Scheuerer Michael , Hamill Thomas M. , Lundquist Julie K.
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Wind power
forecasting is gaining international significance as more regions promote
policies to increase the use of renewable energy. Wind ramps, large
variations in wind power production during a period of minutes to hours,
challenge utilities and electrical balancing authorities. A sudden decrease
in wind-energy production must be balanced by other power generators to meet
energy demands, while a sharp increase in unexpected production results in
excess power that may not be used in the power grid, leading to a loss of
potential profits. In this study, we compare different methods to generate
probabilistic ramp forecasts from the High Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR)
numerical weather prediction model with up to 12 h of lead time at two
tall-tower locations in the United States. We validate model performance
using 21 months of 80 m wind speed observations from towers in Boulder,
Colorado, and near the Columbia River gorge in eastern Oregon. We employ four statistical post-processing methods, three of which are not
currently used in the literature for wind forecasting. These procedures
correct biases in the model and generate short-term wind speed scenarios
which are then converted to power scenarios. This probabilistic enhancement
of HRRR point forecasts provides valuable uncertainty information of ramp
events and improves the skill of predicting ramp events over the raw
forecasts. We compute Brier skill scores for each method with regard to predicting up-
and down-ramps to determine which method provides the best prediction. We
find that the Standard Schaake shuffle method yields the highest skill at
predicting ramp events for these datasets, especially for up-ramp events at
the Oregon site. Increased skill for ramp prediction is limited at the
Boulder, CO, site using any of the multivariate methods because of the poor
initial forecasts in this area of complex terrain. These statistical methods
can be implemented by wind farm operators to generate a range of possible
wind speed and power scenarios to aid and optimize decisions before ramp
events occur.
Determination of optimal wind turbine alignment into the wind and detection of alignment changes with SCADA data
Authors: Mittelmeier Niko , Kühn Martin
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Upwind horizontal axis wind turbines need to be aligned
with the main wind direction to maximize energy yield. Attempts have been
made to improve the yaw alignment with advanced measurement equipment but
most of these techniques introduce additional costs and rely on alignment
tolerances with the rotor axis or the true north. Turbines that are well aligned after commissioning may suffer an alignment
degradation during their operational lifetime. Such changes need to be
detected as soon as possible to minimize power losses. The objective of this
paper is to propose a three-step methodology to improve turbine alignment
and detect changes during operational lifetime with standard nacelle
metrology (met) mast instruments (here: two cup anemometer and one wind
vane). In step one, a reference turbine and an external undisturbed reference wind
signal, e.g., met mast or lidar are used to determine flow corrections for
the nacelle wind direction instruments to obtain a turbine alignment with
optimal power production. Secondly a nacelle wind speed correction
enables the application of the previous step without additional external
measurement equipment. Step three is a monitoring application and allows the
detection of alignment changes on the wind direction measurement device by means
of a flow equilibrium between the two anemometers behind the rotor. The three steps are demonstrated at two 2 MW turbines together with a ground-based lidar. A first-order multilinear regression model gives sufficient
correction of the flow distortion behind the rotor for our purposes and two
wind vane alignment changes are detected with an accuracy of ±1.4∘ within 3 days of operation after the change is
introduced. We show that standard turbine equipment is able to align a turbine
with sufficient accuracy and changes to its alignment can be detected in a
reasonably short time, which helps to minimize power losses.
Macroprudential Policy and Financial Stability: The Turkish Case
Authors: Siklar Ilyas , Akça Aysegül
Published: June 2018

This study aims to analyse the relationship between financial stability and macroprudential policies in Turkey and investigate the effectiveness of macroprudential policies on the financial stability by using the vector error correction model (VECM). Estimates are realized for the 2010-2017 period by using the monthly data. For this purpose, a composite financial stability indicator (FSI) is formed and an estimation model is developed. Banking sector credit concentration, net position of interbank money market, leverage ratio, capital buffers, reserve requirements and foreign currency loan limits are used as macroprudential policy indicators. According the results obtained from VECM model, the ratios which represent concentration of credit and capital buffer provide a favourable contribution to financial stability while the variables representing the leverage ratio and the net position of banking system in interbank money market negatively affect the financial stability. The study concludes that monetary policy should be supported by macroprudential policy instrument to achieve financial stability.
A psicopedagogia e o ensino musical
Authors: Vanzela Alexsander , Oliveira Leida Calegário de , Carvalho Marivaldo Aparecido de
Published: June 2018

A música, como a educação escolar nos remete a esforços para a obtenção do saber. As técnicas musicais são conquistadas através de esforços diários e muitas vezes repetitivos, levando ao estudante a angústia de conseguir seus objetivos. Os sons, a música e as funções harmônicas estão presente do contexto de aprendizagem musical, exercendo sensações que são repassadas no momento em que o músico executa determinada sequência de acordes ou sequência de notas, gerando uma melodia. As angústias e ansiedade causada pelos estudos podem ser aliviadas com um profissional da saúde e a psicopedagogia vem ao encontro do ensino musical auxiliando o aprendiz, oferecendo uma opção de intervenção para o auxílio no aprendizado de um instrumento musical.
O personagem Cherubino na opera Le Nozze de Figaro de Mozart
Authors: Janek Babar Lara
Published: June 2018

No presente artigo apresenta-se o percurso da pesquisa publicada em 2017 pela autora1 e os resultados obtidos. O trabalho, centrado no pajem da ópera de Mozart, composta em 1786 com libreto de Lorenzo Da Ponte2, reúne em quatro capítulos descrições, análises e sistematizações de dados a partir de fontes primárias e secundárias. Diversos estágios de criação e reprodução do personagem são percorridos, desde sua origem na comédia de Pierre Augustin Caron de Beaumarchais (1778), no libreto e na composição musical até em interpretações identificadas nos âmbitos da Recepção Histórica ou disponíveis em gravações.
Aldames Language: Its Landscapes and Topographies
Authors: Aberion Leo H. , Roda Luzviminda S.
Published: June 2018

The Philippines is composed of almost 200 languages and dialects, more or less, and eight (8) of these are considered major languages, namely: Bikolano, Cebuano, Hiligaynon (Ilonggo), Ilocano, Kapampangan, Pangasinan, Tagalog, and Waray. However, there are still varied languages which are not yet recognized, and one of these is Aldames, a variety of the Cebuano language. The purpose of this study was to determine the origin, the characteristics, and the unique features of the Aldames language. This study used the qualitative approach in which the data were gathered through actual interviews and conversations from the speech community. Recorded interviews and conversations were then transcribed and categorized into themes. It was found out that the “Aldames” language is a modified version of the English alphabet because the language has corresponding letters in English. However, changes occur in most consonants (b/v-m, c/k-n, d-p, f.p-d, g/ng-r, k/c-n, l-ll/ly, m-b, n-k/c, p-d, q/kyu-nyu, r-g/ng, s-t, y/eks-ent, z/s-t) while all vowels (a, e, i, o, u) and few consonants (h, w, and y) are retained except for “j” which has no Aldames equivalent. Also, it emerged because the elders would not want their secrets to be revealed by the young and would only be understood by a few. Hence, today, the residents who are not exposed to the language in the area are confused in learning the language because before one can speak well, he/she should be familiar with the appropriate consonants-substitutes. It is recommended that the language must be recognized and be included in the list of languages in the Philippines. Moreover, the said language has to be spoken every day, so it will be preserved.
Prise en charge d’un proche âgé dépendant à domicile en Corée du Sud : recherche sur les aidantes principales de la génération du baby-boom
Authors: Oh Yoonji
Published: June 2018

Cadre de la recherche :Si lecare(soin) relève du souci de l’autre, ce rôle est le plus souvent considéré comme une qualité féminine. En Corée du Sud, la belle-fille devient souvent l’aidante principale lorsque ses proches âgés ont besoin de soins de longue durée.

Objectifs :La présente recherche a pour objectif de montrer le vécu des belles-filles aidantes principales à domicile de leurs proches âgés dépendants (surtout leur belle-mère), et de constater l’invisibilité de leur travail au sein de la famille et de la société.

Méthodologie :Neuf entretiens semi-directifs en Corée du Sud avec des belles-filles issues de la génération du baby-boom ont été réalisés : quatre d’entre elles s’occupaient de leur belle-mère à domicile, et cinq avaient été en charge de soins de leur belle-mère jusqu’au décès de celle-ci.

Résultats :Cette étude souligne les difficultés vécues par des aidantes principales au regard de la surcharge de leurs tâches, des conflits avec les personnes aidées, des problèmes liés aux maladies et du manque d’aide et de reconnaissance. Cette étude met également en lumière les « ressources individuelles » des aidantes qui leur permettent de trouver « un équilibre », notamment à travers un sentiment positif d’efficacité, la religion, la retenue des émotions, la distanciation et l’aménagement du quotidien, ainsi que des « ressources relationnelles » comme le soutien d’aidants secondaires et la relation entre aidante et aidée.

Conclusions :L’étude montre que l’Assurance de soins de longue durée en Corée du Sud conduit les aidantes principales à entrer dans le marché du travail decareen tant qu’aide-soignante familiale pour être rémunérées; le système est cependant considéré comme anormal et est remis en question par les aidantes. Cet article conclut en s’interrogeant sur les impacts ducarevisible sur le renforcement ducareinvisible.

Contribution :Cet article contribue à dévoiler les vécus singuliers des aidantes principales coréennes lors de la prise en charge à domicile de leurs parents âgés malades.
Une porphyrine comme photosensibilisant des eaux d'irrigation, photostabilité et efficacité
Authors: Jemli Meryem , Sabbahi Sonia
Published: June 2018

Le processus de photosensibilisation (phototraitement) de l'eau suscite beaucoup d'intérêt, car il implique trois composants qui sont individuellement inoffensifs pour le milieu biologique, à savoir le photosensibilisant, la lumière et l'oxygène moléculaire. La photostabilité de la porphyrine tétra-méso-cationique (T4MPyP) dans l'eau usée et l’efficacité du phototraitement dépend de la concentration du photosensibilisant, de la qualité de l'eau (contaminants organiques, turbidité, pH, taux d'oxygène dissous et épaisseur de la lame d'eau) ainsi que de l'intensité et de la nature du rayonnement lumineux. L’étude expérimentale consistait à apporter à un sol sableux i) de l’eau usée secondaire traitée par boues activées, ii) la même eau usée, mais phototraitée avec 5 μM∙L-1 de T4MPyP pendant 6 h d’ensoleillement, et iii) une eau de puits. L’eau usée phototraitée était conforme aux normes tunisiennes (NT 106.03) pour l’irrigation sans restriction au niveau du taux de bactéries indicatrices de pollution fécale (l’abattement des coliformes fécaux avoisinait 99,99 %), mais renfermait encore une concentration résiduelle de porphyrine (environ 35 % de la concentration initiale). À la fin de l’expérimentation, la configuration saline du sol dépendait de la qualité des eaux d’irrigation. Dans le cas des eaux usées secondaires, la couche de surface (0-5 cm) se caractérisait par une concentration élevée de sels solubles et par une prolifération d’algues contribuant ainsi au colmatage superficiel et à un manque de continuité des macropores. En revanche, le colmatage chimique et biologique était réduit suite à l’utilisation des eaux usées phototraitées. La salinité était plus importante au niveau de la couche profonde (5-15 cm) due à une importante mobilité des ions chlorures et sodium suivie des sulfates et du calcium de la couche 0-5 cm vers la couche 5-15 cm, ce qui peut être attribué à une oxydation plus élevée de la matière organique induite par la présence de porphyrine. Il ressort de cette étude que la valorisation des eaux usées avec des concentrations micromolaires de T4MPyP dans le domaine agricole inhiberait le développement d'algues à la surface du sol et conduirait à une meilleure infiltration des sels vers les profondeurs évitant ainsi l’installation du colmatage à la surface. En outre, une meilleure rétention des ions ammonium et orthophosphates a été observée dans le sol sableux lors de la percolation des eaux usées phototraiteées.
Novel Hollow Graphene Flowers Synthesized by Cu‐Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Yang Jie , Qian Xihui , Li Hao , Wang Huaping , Xue Xudong , Cai Le , Hu PingAn , Yu Gui
Published: June 2018

Novel hollow graphene flowers (HGFs) are synthesized by a Cu‐assisted chemical vapor deposition. Multilayer graphene films and vertical‐oriented graphene nanosheets are grown on hollow silica spheres successively by controlling the CH4/H2 flow and growth time. After graphene growth, HSS templates are removed to achieve HGFs. The π‐conjugated systems and unique morphology of HGFs lead to apparent adsorption ability for dyes and phenol molecules. This work provides a facile way to produce unique hollow structure graphene with massive edges for different applications in the future.
Facet‐Dependent Phase Control by Band Filling and Anisotropic Electron–Lattice Coupling in HVO2 Epitaxial Films
Authors: Yoon Hyojin , Park Jaeseoung , Choi Si‐Young , Lee Donghwa , Son Junwoo
Published: June 2018

Unlike the substitutional dopants, interstitial hydrogen effectively supplies significant amount of carriers in the empty narrow d band in correlated electronic systems by reversibly adding it into interstitial sites. Here, it is demonstrated that hydrogenated VO2, a heavily hydrogenated correlated insulating phase with 3d2 electronic configuration, can be thermodynamically stabilized by topotactically preserving its lattice framework regardless of the facet direction of VO2 epilayers. However, the kinetics of phase modulation and the response of out‐of‐plane lattice expansion are clearly affected by the orientation of the crystal facet, which is attributed to the anisotropy in the diffusion of hydrogen atoms and to anisotropic expansion induced by chemical stress. This result demonstrates universal electron‐doping‐induced phase transition near‐integer numbers of d band filling in correlated electronic systems and also supports the idea that orientation of crystallographic facets can be exploited to control the rate of electronic phase transition and the degree of electron–lattice coupling.
Paper‐Based Resistive Networks for Scalable Skin‐Like Sensing
Authors: Zou Xiyue , Chen Chuyang , Liang Tongfen , Xie Jingjin , Gillette‐Henao Eda‐Nicole , Oh Jihoon , Tumalle Jonathan , Mazzeo Aaron D.
Published: June 2018

This work presents a unique approach to the design, fabrication, and characterization of paper‐based, skin‐like sensors that use patterned resistive networks for passive, scalable sensing with a reduced number of interconnects. When touched or wetted with water, the sensors in the resistive networks detect significant changes in electrical impedance. Fabricating these resistive networks and sensors in a single sheet of metallized paper reduces the number of distinct inputs/outputs to the arrayed sensors. For human–electrode interactions, circuit‐based models guide the design/material processing of the resistive networks and selection of operating frequencies—typically ranging between 80 kHz and 1 MHz. As an example, a paper‐based touchpad with only two connecting wires (i.e., excitation and ground) functions as a 31‐button keypad. These resistive networks are also capable of spatially mapping contact with dispensed droplets of water in a dry environment and operating when bent. The reported results mark a technological advance in capacitive sensing with resistive networks to reduce the number of required interconnects while providing scientific understanding and modeling of human–electrode interactions for flexible electronic devices. Future skin‐like sensors with patterned resistive networks have the potential to contribute to scalable forms of human–machine interfaces, wearable devices, and liquid‐leak detectors.
Back Cover: Synthesis, Structure and Biological Activities of Novel 2‐(Trifluoromethyl)‐ 6‐arylimidazo[2,1‐b][1,3,4]‐thiadiazole (bis‐)Mannich Base Derivatives Containing Substitutedpiperazine Moiety (Chin. J. Chem. 7/2018)
Authors: Zhang Yan , Li Zhengming , Song Haibin , Wang Baolei
Published: June 2018

The back cover picture shows a convenient and practicable synthesis of novel 2‐(trifluoromethyl)‐6‐arylimidazo[2,1‐b][1,3,4]‐thiadiazole (bis‐)Mannich base derivatives containing various substitutedpiperazine motif. Based on the C‐Mannich reaction of unusual intermediate – 2‐(trifluoromethyl)‐6‐arylimidazothiadiazole, with (4‐substituted) piperazine and formaldehyde in ethanol and acetic acid, the target compounds have been achieved conveniently with satisfying yields. Meanwhile, the cover picture shows that some of the target compounds possess favourable pesticidal activities (e.g. fungicidal and insecticidal). This research will provide important information for relevant synthetic studies of imidazole‐fused‐heterocycle derivatives and their applications in agrochemical area. More details are discussed in the article by Wang et al. on page 635–638.

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Medicines Adaptive Pathways to Patients: Why, When, and How to Engage?
Authors: Eichler Hans‐Georg , Bedlington Nicola , Boudes Mathieu , Bouvy Jacoline C. , Broekmans André W. , Cerreta Francesca , Faulkner Stuart D. , Forda Susan R. , Joos Angelika , Le Cam Yann , Mayer Mark H. , Pirard Vinciane , Corriol‐Rohou Solange ,   on behalf of the ADAPT SMART Consortium
Published: June 2018

Medicines Adaptive Pathways to Patients (MAPPs) seeks to foster access to novel beneficial treatments for the right patient groups at the earliest appropriate time in the product life‐span, in a sustainable fashion. We summarize the MAPPs engagement process and critical questions to be asked at each milestone of the product life‐span. These considerations are of relevance for regulatory and access pathways that strive to address the “evidence vs. access” conundrum.
Influence of Polymer Additives on the Efficiency and Stability of Ambient‐Air Solution‐Processed Planar Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Deng , Zhang Lei , Deng Kaiming , Zhang Weina , Song Jing , Wu Jihuai , Lan Zhang
Published: June 2018

It is challenging to fabricate efficient and stable perovskite solar cells (PSCs) in ambient air conditions without special controlled humidity. Here, we report a facile polymer additive route to overcome the problem. We find that the polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) additives can both obviously enhance the quality of the perovskite films compared with the pristine one. Especially, the perovskite film with PVB additive shows clearer improved quality because of the formation of larger crystal grains which can go from bottom to top and smoother surface with the lower root‐mean‐square roughness of 23.4 nm than that of the one with PVA additive (45.6 nm). The improved quality of the perovskite films with PVB additive contributes to better photovoltaic performance and long‐term stability of the devices. The PSCs with PVB additive can achieve a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.10 % and a small hysteresis index of 0.039, which are both better than those of the pristine ones (15.14 % and 0.148, respectively). Furthermore, the PSC with PVB additive can maintain a relatively high PCE of 12.43 % after being stored in a humid ambient air condition without any encapsulation, whereas the pristine one drops to a very low PCE of 5.18 %. This work demonstrates the valuable PVB additive route for developing efficient and stable PSCs in ambient air conditions.
Thermal Annealing Effect of Co−N−C/Carbon Nanotube on the Electrochemical Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Liu Zong , Xue Jia , Yu Huaguang , Xu Yu , Feng Ligang
Published: June 2018

The work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21603041), A Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institution and Top‐notch Academic Programs Project of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PPZY2015B112). We also acknowledge the technical support received at the Testing Center of Yangzhou University.
Petaloid recombinant peptide enhances in vitro cartilage formation by synovial mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Naritomi Mana , Mizuno Mitsuru , Katano Hisako , Ozeki Nobutake , Otabe Koji , Komori Keiichiro , Fujii Shizuka , Ichinose Shizuko , Tsuji Kunikazu , Koga Hideyuki , Muneta Takeshi , Sekiya Ichiro
Published: June 2018

In vitro chondrogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) mimics in vivo chondrogenesis of MSCs. However, the size of the cartilage pellets that can be attained in vitro is limited by current methods; therefore, some modifications are required to obtain larger pellets. Petaloid pieces of recombinant peptide (petaloid RCP) have the advantage of creating spaces between cells in culture. The RCP used here is based on the alpha‐1 sequence of human collagen type I and contains 12 Arg‐Gly‐Asp motifs. We examined the effect and mechanisms of adding petaloid RCP on the in vitro chondrogenesis of human synovial MSCs by culturing 125k cells with or without 0.125 mg petaloid RCP in chondrogenic medium for 21 days. The cartilage pellets were sequentially analyzed by weight, sulfated glycosaminoglycan content, DNA retention, and histology. Petaloid RCP significantly increased the weight of the cartilage pellets: The petaloid RCP group weighed 7.7 ± 1.2 mg (n = 108), whereas the control group weighed 5.3 ± 1.6 mg. Sulfated glycosaminoglycan and DNA contents were significantly higher in the petaloid RCP group than in the control group. Light and transmission electron microscopy images showed that the petaloid RCP formed the framework of the pellet at day 1, the framework was broken by production of cartilage matrix by the synovial MSCs at day 7, and the cartilage pellet grew larger, with diffuse petaloid RCP remaining, at day 21. Therefore, petaloid RCP formed a framework for the pellet, maintained a higher cell number, and promoted in vitro cartilage formation of synovial MSCs. © 2018 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research® Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1350–1357, 2019.
Generating synthetic CTs from magnetic resonance images using generative adversarial networks
Authors: Emami Hajar , Dong Ming , Nejad‐Davarani Siamak P. , Glide‐Hurst Carri K.
Published: June 2018

Purpose

While MR‐only treatment planning using synthetic CTs (synCTs) offers potential for streamlining clinical workflow, a need exists for an efficient and automated synCT generation in the brain to facilitate near real‐time MR‐only planning. This work describes a novel method for generating brain synCTs based on generative adversarial networks (GANs), a deep learning model that trains two competing networks simultaneously, and compares it to a deep convolutional neural network (CNN).

Methods

Post‐Gadolinium T1‐Weighted and CT‐SIM images from fifteen brain cancer patients were retrospectively analyzed. The GAN model was developed to generate synCTs using T1‐weighted MRI images as the input using a residual network (ResNet) as the generator. The discriminator is a CNN with five convolutional layers that classified the input image as real or synthetic. Fivefold cross‐validation was performed to validate our model. GAN performance was compared to CNN based on mean absolute error (MAE), structural similarity index (SSIM), and peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR) metrics between the synCT and CT images.

Results

GAN training took ~11 h with a new case testing time of 5.7 ± 0.6 s. For GAN, MAEs between synCT and CT‐SIM were 89.3 ± 10.3 Hounsfield units (HU) and 41.9 ± 8.6 HU across the entire FOV and tissues, respectively. However, MAE in the bone and air was, on average, ~240–255 HU. By comparison, the CNN model had an average full FOV MAE of 102.4 ± 11.1 HU. For GAN, the mean PSNR was 26.6 ± 1.2 and SSIM was 0.83 ± 0.03. GAN synCTs preserved details better than CNN, and regions of abnormal anatomy were well represented on GAN synCTs.

Conclusions

We developed and validated a GAN model using a single T1‐weighted MR image as the input that generates robust, high quality synCTs in seconds. Our method offers strong potential for supporting near real‐time MR‐only treatment planning in the brain.
Geant4‐DNA example applications for track structure simulations in liquid water: A report from the Geant4‐DNA Project
Authors: Incerti S. , Kyriakou I. , Bernal M. A. , Bordage M. C. , Francis Z. , Guatelli S. , Ivanchenko V. , Karamitros M. , Lampe N. , Lee S. B. , Meylan S. , Min C. H. , Shin W. G. , Nieminen P. , Sakata D. , Tang N. , Villagrasa C. , Tran H. N. , Brown J. M. C.
Published: June 2018

This Special Report presents a description of Geant4‐DNA user applications dedicated to the simulation of track structures (TS) in liquid water and associated physical quantities (e.g., range, stopping power, mean free path…). These example applications are included in the Geant4 Monte Carlo toolkit and are available in open access. Each application is described and comparisons to recent international recommendations are shown (e.g., ICRU, MIRD), when available. The influence of physics models available in Geant4‐DNA for the simulation of electron interactions in liquid water is discussed. Thanks to these applications, the authors show that the most recent sets of physics models available in Geant4‐DNA (the so‐called “option4” and “option 6” sets) enable more accurate simulation of stopping powers, dose point kernels, and W‐values in liquid water, than the default set of models (“option 2”) initially provided in Geant4‐DNA. They also serve as reference applications for Geant4‐DNA users interested in TS simulations.
Career shift leads to online part‐time graduate program
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: June 2018

Shauna Robinson earned her bachelor's degree in literature from the University of California, Berkeley, which helped her in her first career after graduation in publishing but proved less helpful when she moved into her position as a junior research analyst at the Association for Talent Development. So Robinson decided to return to school, this time to earn a master's degree in data analysis. To prepare, she took an online statistics course at Northern Virginia Community College. “Being an English major, I hadn't taken statistics before, and I thought it would be useful for both my research role and to help prepare me for grad school,” Robinson said.
Mononuclear Copper(II) Halide Complexes with Tetradentate N3S‐Coordinate Ligands: Synthesis, Structures and Bioactivities
Authors: Sadhu Mehul H. , Saini Jaswinder K. , Ingle Sanjay S. , Kumar Sujit B.
Published: June 2018

A series of mononuclear copper(II) complexes [Cu(bdmpe/bpmpe)X]Y [bdmpe= N,N‐bis((3,5‐dimethyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐1‐yl)methyl)‐2‐(phenylthio)ethan‐1‐amine, Y=PF6−, X=Cl 1, Br 3 and Y=BF4−, X=Cl 2, Br 4; bpmpe=N,N‐bis((1H‐pyrazol‐1‐yl)methyl)‐2‐(phenylthio)ethan‐1‐amine; Y=PF6−, X=Cl 5, Br 7 and Y=BF4−, X=Cl 6, Br 8] have been synthesized by the reaction of copper halides with ligands bdmpe/bpmpe in presence of Y and characterized. Single crystal X‐ray crystallography study indicates that complexes are mononuclear with distorted square pyramidal geometry. Complexes 1 and 7 show supramolecular dimeric nature due to short intermolecular interactions. The antimicrobial activity of all complexes were investigated against Gram positive (Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus aureus) and Gram negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacterial strain by agar well dilution method and have demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity of the compounds. The studies on the interaction of complexes and DNA by agarose gel electrophoresis method revealed that the complexes can effectively cleave the circular plasmid DNA at very low concentrations.
A Liquid‐Crystal‐Based System for Differentiating Structurally Related Analytes
Authors: Mishra Kirtika , Kumar Singh Sachin , Singh Bachcha
Published: June 2018

We report a new approach for differentiating structurally related analytes using a liquid crystal (LC) based system. In this work we have combined two principles (analyte‐surfactant interactions and host‐guest inclusion) at LC/aqueous interface to differentiate structurally related analytes methyl red (MR) and methyl orange (MO). On introducing MR/MO in aqueous solution containing sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), the optical response of 4‐cyano‐4′‐pentylbiphenyl (5CB) changes from dark to bright in presence of MR but remains same in the presence of MO. This observation implies interaction of analyte (MR) and surfactant (SDS), thus effectively displacing SDS adsorbed at the 5CB/aqueous interface. Further, competitive inclusion complex formation of β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) with SDS or with analyte (dye, MR/MO) was visualized through changes in the optical response of 5CB at SDS‐laden 5CB/aqueous interface. On addition of MR/MO to the SDS‐β‐CD complex solution the optical response of 5CB changes from bright to dark in presence of MO but remains same in the presence of MR. This implicates that homeotropic orientation of 5CB resulted due to the reorganization of displaced SDS molecules from β‐CD cavity at the 5CB/aqueous interface. Overall, this LC based system demonstrates differentiation of structurally related analytes in the absence and presence of β‐CD.
Cover Image, Volume 7, Issue 4
Authors: Simon Claire S. , Hadjantonakis Anna‐Katerina , Schröter Christian
Published: June 2018

The cover image, by Claire S. Simon et al., is based on the Advanced Review Making lineage decisions with biological noise: Lessons from the early mouse embryo, DOI: 10.1002/wdev.319.

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Crystal structure of Ca2Zn2(V4O14) and Pb2Cd2(V3O10)(VO4) double vanadates
Authors: Zhuravlev V. D. , Tyutyunnik A. P. , Chufarov A. Y. , Lobachevskaya N. I. , Velikodnyi A. A.
Published: June 2018

Polycrystalline samples of Ca2Zn2(V4O14) (I) and Pb2Cd2(V3O10)(VO4) (II) were synthesized using the nitrate–citrate method (I) and conventional solid state reaction (II). The structural refinement based on X-ray powder diffraction data showed that the crystal structure of (I) is characterized by monoclinic symmetry with unit-cell parameters a = 6.8044(1) Å, b = 14.4876(3) Å, c = 11.2367(2) Å, β = 99.647(1)° [space group P21/c (No. 14), Z = 4], and the crystal structure of (II) is triclinic with unit-cell parameters a = 7.03813(6) Å, b = 12.9085(1) Å, c = 6.99961(5) Å, α = 90.7265(5)°, β = 96.3789(5)°, γ = 94.9530(6)°, V = 629.470(8) Å3 [space group P$\bar 1$ (No. 2), Z = 2].