bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes in microbiological attributes of a red latosol under different cropping systems
Authors: Navroski Deisi , Moreira Adônis , Guimarães Maria De Fátima , Colozzi Filho Arnaldo
Published: May 2018

The objective of this study was to evaluate changes in microbiological attributes of soils under different growing systems. Three cropping systems were evaluated (1) no-tillage system (NTS); (2) conventional tillage system (CTS); and (3) newly scarified no-tillage system (SNTS). The three systems were maintained for 20 years. In addition, a primary forest (PF) fragment was used as a reference. Soil samples were collected at depths of 0.0-0.1 m, 0.1-0.2 m, and 0.2-0.3 m. The following variables were measured: microbial biomass carbon (MBC); soil respirometry (RESP) using the fumigation and incubation method; microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) using fumigation and extraction; metabolic quotient (qCO2) using the RESP-MBC ratio; and number of spores (NS) of mycorrhizal fungi by plate counting of spores extracted from the soil by wet sieving. Treatments were arranged in a completely randomized block design with five replicates. The different management systems affected the soil microbiota, especially in the superficial layer of 0.0-0.1 m. At a depth of 0.0-0.2 m, the PF presented significantly higher values for all analyzed attributes, except for NS. There were no significant differences in the studied characteristics between the NTS and SNTS at the three depths, indicating that scarification performed only once in the NTS was not sufficient to produce changes in soil microbiological attributes. However, the adoption of the CTS for 20 years promoted a decrease in MBC and MBN. RESP and NS were not significantly different between the cropping systems. Principal component analysis indicated a significant difference in microbiological characteristics between the PF and the areas under management. Therefore, different growing systems change the soil microbiota, and the lower the degree of tilling (NTS and SNTS), the smaller the changes in soil microbiological attributes. Soil preparation practices used in conventional tilling negatively affect soil microbial biomass, decreasing the levels of MBC and MBN.
Representação informacional de documentos artísticos em ambiente museológico: uma análise exploratória sob o ponto de vista da integração departamental
Authors: Maimone Giovana Deliberali
Published: May 2018

Introdução: Analisa a integração dos departamentos museu, arquivo e biblioteca em ambiente museológico, no que diz respeito à representação informacional dos objetos/documentos artísticos, sendo que foram considerados todos os materiais referentes às artes, independentemente de seu suporte. Objetivos: Identificar a integração dos profissionais e dos acervos dos departamentos de museus em relação ao tratamento documentário dos diferentes tipos de materiais; contextualizar usos e ambiências destes documentos procurando delimitar fronteiras de aplicação documentária; e, comparar linguagens documentárias e ferramentas afins já existentes na área de artes.Metodologia: Foram realizados levantamentos e análises bibliográficas sobre o tema em questão, tendo como parte aplicada o envio e retorno de questionários à instituições de arte da cidade de São Paulo.Resultados: Muito embora existam diferenças entre os objetivos dos museus, esta pesquisa revelou a existência de iniciativas de integração tanto dos acervos quanto dos profissionais envolvidos com o trato informacional. Conclusões: É fundamental o trabalho integrado de representação de documentos artísticos sob o aspecto “informativo”, uma vez que agregam valor ao conteúdo das obras.
Social Environmental Disclosure Between Gri-Sustainability Reporting and IIRC – Integrated Reporting Among European Companies
Authors: Yusof Suzila Mohamed
Published: May 2018

This critical approach study examines the social and environmental disclosure (SED) between Sustainability Reporting (SR) and Integrated Reporting (IR) among European companies. This paper argues that IR abandons sustainability and might overlap with the functions of SR. The research questions are to examine the integration level of SED within SR and IR and look for the patterns and motifs from reviewing both reports. Applying the critical text analysis method, the GRI G3 guidelines were used to examine a sample of ten European companies. This method is applicable as it does not have rigid procedures to follow (Merkl-Davies et al., 2013). The reports for the selected companies must incorporate fully applied IR without producing any more SR in order to analyse the validity of the data. This study has discovered that there is less integration of SED in IR than SR. The analyses continued by reading and reviewing all reports to identify patterns and motifs. Company strategy and regulatory requirements, reporting style, the crucial issues of the materiality and the development of new sections in the reports were all explored. It is apparent that the IR approach is more towards the primary groups (investors) rather than other stakeholders, society and the environment as a whole. Hence, IR is only a mirror of sustainability for business strategy. Therefore, IR needs to engage reports with other stakeholders to sustain long-term growth.
Evaluation of Selected Advanced Spring Wheat Germplasm Lines In Eastern Canada
Authors: Xu Shuhui , Yu Junjie , Chen Yanhong , Tabori Mirko , Wang Xuelian , McCallum Brent , Fedak George , Blackwell Barbara , Xue Allen , Yang Zefeng , Khanizadeh Shahrokh
Published: May 2018

Twenty-three selected advanced spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) lines from Ottawa Research and Development Centre (ORDC) were compared with four known cultivars for agronomic performance at eight sites in 2016 (Ottawa CEF-C1, Ottawa CEF-C2, St. Isidore, Harrington, Palmerston, Princeville, Kincardine, Beloeil) in Eastern Canada, and for fusarium head blight (FHB). The reaction of these lines to six races of LR was determined in a growth cabinet and the LR susceptible cultivar ‘Morocco’ was included as the control for disease development in these trials. The majority of the selected lines showed no significant differences compared to four check cultivars, however ECSW05 and ECSW48, showed higher yield, moderate resistance to FHB and resistance to most of the tested LR races. Lines ECSW05 and ECSW48 will be advanced to grower’s trials in eastern Canada in 2018 and may be used as sources of resistance to LR for future cultivar development in Eastern Canada.
Verbanning uit het semipublieke domein
Authors: van Rooij Mandy
Published: May 2018

Banishment from semi-public places. Exclusion orders from a legal perspective

The semi-public domain covers the places that are accessible to the public but which are controlled by private entities. Shopping malls, public transport, bars and sports events are examples of such places. In case of misconduct, the private manager may impose exclusion orders. This sanction relies on legal contracts and the exclusive nature of the right to property. The legal framework consists therefore primarily of private law. Exclusion orders may not be imposed without reason. Prevention of disorder and harm may be a legitimate reason. The length and range of the ban must relate to the gravity of the disruption. In addition to this, public laws on non-discrimination and privacy are applicable. The civil court is competent to check the exclusion orders in de semi-public domain. The author sees added value in complaints committees, in which both public and private actors partake. Complaint committees can thrive if their assessment frameworks are transparent.
Opgeruimd staat netjes
Authors: Schuilenburg Marc
Published: May 2018

Good riddance. On the sociology of banning orders and the Collective Shopping Ban in practice.

In this article the author reports on an ethnographic research conducted on the Collective Shopping Ban, a measure taken in the Netherlands in an effort to make shopkeepers co-responsible for maintaining safety and security. By describing the practice of the Collective Shopping Ban in The Hague, he investigates how the involved shopkeepers are dealing with offenses like theft, nuisance, intimidation, and vandalism. The author describes the sociological background of banning orders and what the banning of people means in terms of purification of public space.
De gevolgen van het arrest ‘Visser Vastgoed’ op de ruimtelijke regulering van kleinhandelsactiviteiten in het Vlaamse Gewest
Authors: Larmuseau I. (Isabelle) , Strubbe M. (Matthias)
Published: May 2018

De gevolgen van het arrest ‘Visser Vastgoed’ op de ruimtelijke regulering van kleinhandelsactiviteiten in het Vlaamse Gewest

Auteurs geven aan dat de ruimtelijke regulering van kleinhandelsactiviteiten in het Vlaamse Gewest twee niveaus kent: (1) het vergunningenniveau, hetgeen betekent dat voor het uitvoeren van kleinhandelsactiviteiten, boven bepaalde drempels, een omgevingsvergunning is vereist; (2) het ruimtelijk planniveau, hetgeen betekent dat ruimtelijke ordeningsplannen beperkingen op kleinhandel kunnen bevatten om ruimtelijke redenen of met het oog op de verwezenlijking van de doelstellingen van het integraal handelsvestigingsbeleid. Zij gaan in op het Decreet van 15 juli 2016 betreffende het integraal handelsvestigingsbeleid en op de mogelijke gevolgen van het Hofarrest voor Vlaamse besluitvorming ten aanzien van plannen en vergunningen.
Het arrest Visser Vastgoed Beleggingen en de bestemmingsplanpraktijk
Authors: Seerden J.H.M. (Koos) , Louwes R.G.M. (Ruud)
Published: May 2018

Het arrest Visser Vastgoed Beleggingen en de bestemmingsplanpraktijk

Auteurs, die werkzaam zijn in de bestemmingsplanpraktijk, gaan in op de vraag welke effecten het arrest van het Hof zal en kan hebben voor de gemeentelijke praktijk ten aanzien van het faciliteren van detailhandel. Zij geven daarbij diverse voorbeelden en betrekken bij de vraag naar de toekomst ook de provinciale verordeningen. Tot slot kijken zij vooruit naar de Omgevingswet.
Verslag symposium naar aanleiding van het arrest van het Hof van Justitie van de Europese Unie van 30 januari 2018 (C-31/16)
Authors: de Graaff T.P.E. (Tim)
Published: May 2018

Verslag symposium naar aanleiding van het arrest van het Hof van Justitie van de Europese Unie van 30 januari 2018 (C-31/16)

In dit artikel doet de auteur verslag van de discussies naar aanleiding van de inleidingen van sprekers op het symposium van de Universiteit Utrecht van 16 februari 2018 over het Hofarrest van 30 januari 2018 inzake Visser Vastgoed Beleggingen BV en de gemeente van Appingedam.
The role and impact of high throughput biomimetic measurements in drug discovery
Authors: Bunally Shenaz , Young Robert J
Published: May 2018

During the early phase of drug discovery, it is becoming increasingly important to acquire the full physicochemical profile of molecules. For this purpose, there is a strong interest in developing efficient and cost-effective platforms for fast and reliable measurements of physicochemical properties. We have developed an automated physchem platform which ensures that consistent, comprehensive, and high-quality physicochemical property measurements and derived property information for 100's of compounds per week are available alongside potency data at the right time to guide compound progression decisions. We discuss the routine assessments of biomimetic properties using high throughput automated high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) platforms, with details of the methods and hardware employed, also with illustrations of the quality and impact of the data generated.
The use of oxycodone with naloxone in the cancer patients
pain treatment - case reports
Authors: Bochenek-Cibor Justyna
Published: May 2018

Cancer pain treatment stays an important part of multidisciplinary oncologic care. Opioids remain the
most effective and the most widely used analgesics for the treatment of moderate-to-severe pain. However, they
may cause side effects, such as constipation that significantly decrease patients’ quality of life. The combination of
oxycodone and naloxone is an innovation in preventing the gastrointestinal disorders. Authors describe two cases
of cancer patients for whom oxycodone/naloxe prove effective analgesic.
Análisis del perfil motivacional de diversos grupos de atletas y su repercusión en el nivel de satisfacción deportiva
Authors: Manzano Sánchez D. , Valero Valenzuela A.
Published: May 2018

El objetivo del presente estudio, es analizar la motivación que experimentan diversos grupos de atletas y como esta, influye en sunivel de satisfacción con el deporte. Se utilizó una muestra de 51 sujetos provenientes de escuelas y clubes de la Región de Murcia,siendo clasificada la muestra en función del género, edad, frecuencia de práctica, posesión de licencia federativa y tipo de entrenamiento. Como instrumentos se utilizaron el cuestionario BREQ-2 para la autodeterminación, TEOSQ, para la orientación motivacional y SSI para el nivel de satisfacción, todos ellos adaptados al contexto atlético. Los resultados mostraron mayor satisfacción y menor aburrimiento en los sujetos con alta orientación a la tarea y motivación intrínseca-autodeterminada, así como mayor motivación hacia el logro (ego y tarea). El perfil ideal fueron las mujeres más jóvenes, federadas, que realizan una práctica frecuente y siempre acompañadas, siendo la edad el factor más influyente. Estos resultados, podrían servir a los entrenadores para tener en cuenta qué variables pueden modificar tales como la metodología de entrenamiento, para lograr una mayor satisfacción y con ello, una mayor adherencia y resultados competitivos. Sería conveniente formar atletas desde las primeras etapas con orientación hacía el disfrute del atletismo para que de cara al futuro, no se reduzca su nivel de satisfacción y motivación y con ello, la posibilidad de abandono deportivo.
Herramienta de seguimiento funcional y superación de interfase durante la reeducación del futbolista lesionado
Authors: Gómez Piqueras P. , Ortega Jiménez J. M. , Sainz de Baranda Andújar P.
Published: May 2018

Conscientes de la importancia de una vuelta segura del futbolista lesionado, y sabedores del complejo proceso de toma de decisión respecto al momento de la vuelta al entrenamiento grupal, presentamos una herramienta de trabajo y registro que a la vez que nos permita controlar el seguimiento y la evolución de nuestro deportista, complemente al resto de pruebas objetivas realizadas (condicionales, funcionales, psicológicas, ...) colaborando en la determinación del momento idóneo de retorno.
Summer diatom blooms in the eastern North Pacific gyre investigated with a long-endurance autonomous surface vehicle
Authors: Anderson Emily E , Wilson Cara , Knap Anthony H , Villareal Tracy A
Published: May 2018

Satellite chlorophyll (chl) observations have repeatedly observed summertime phytoplankton blooms in the North Pacific subtropical gyre (NPSG), a region of open ocean that is far removed from any land-derived or Ekman upwelling nutrient sources. These blooms are dominated by N2-fixing diatom-cyanobacteria associations of the diatom genera Rhizosolenia Brightwell and Hemiaulus Ehrenberg. Their nitrogen fixing endosymbiont, Richelia intracellularis J.A. Schmidt, is hypothesized to be critical to the development of blooms in this nitrogen limited region. However, due to the remote location and unpredictable duration of the summer blooms, prolonged in situ observations are rare outside of the Station ALOHA time-series off of Hawai’i. In summer, 2015, a proof-of–concept mission using the autonomous vehicle, Honey Badger (Wave Glider SV2), collected near-surface (<20m) observations in the NPSG using hydrographic, meteorological, optical, and imaging sensors designed to focus on phytoplankton abundance, distribution and physiology of this bloom-forming region. Hemiaulus and Rhizosolenia cell abundance was determined using digital holography for the entire June-November mission. Honey Badger was not able to reach the 30°N subtropical front region where most of the satellite chl blooms have been observed, but near-real time navigational control allowed it to transect two blooms near 25°N. The two taxa did not co-occur in large numbers, rather the blooms were dominated by either Hemiaulus or Rhizosolenia. The 2-4 August 2015 bloom was comprised of 96% Hemiaulus and the second bloom, 15-17 August 2015, was dominated by Rhizosolenia (75%). The holograms also imaged undisturbed, fragile Hemiaulus aggregates throughout the sampled area at ~10 L-1. Aggregated Hemiaulus represented the entire observed population at times and had a widespread distribution independent of the SEP. Aggregate occurrence was not consistent with a density dependent formation mechanism and may represent a natural growth form in undisturbed conditions. The photosynthetic potential index (Fv:Fm) increased from ~0.4 to ~0.6 during both blooms indicating a physiologically robust phytoplankton community in the blooms. The diel pattern of Fv:Fm(nocturnal maximum; diurnal minimum) was consistent with macronutrient limitation throughout the mission with no evidence of Fe-limitation despite the presence of nitrogen fixing diatom-diazotroph assemblages. During the 5-month mission, Honey Badger covered ~5690 km (3070 nautical miles), acquired 9336 holograms, and reliably transmitted data onshore in near real-time. Software issues developed with the active fluorescence sensor that terminated measurements in early September. Although images were still useful at the end of the mission, fouling of the LISST-Holo optics was considerable, and appeared to be the most significant issue facing deployments of this duration.
Do latitudinal gradients exist in New Zealand stream invertebrate metacommunities?
Authors: Tonkin Jonathan D. , Death Russell G. , Muotka Timo , Astorga Anna , Lytle David A.
Published: May 2018

That biodiversity declines with latitude is well known, but whether a metacommunity process is behind this gradient has received limited attention. We tested the hypothesis that dispersal limitation is progressively replaced by mass effects with increasing latitude, along with a series of related hypotheses. We explored these hypotheses by examining metacommunity structure in stream invertebrate metacommunities spanning the length of New Zealand’s two largest islands (∼1,300 km), further disentangling the role of dispersal by deconstructing assemblages into strong and weak dispersers. Given the highly dynamic nature of New Zealand streams, our alternative hypothesis was that these systems are so unpredictable (at different stages of post-flood succession) that metacommunity structure is highly context dependent from region to region. We rejected our primary hypotheses, pinning this lack of fit on the strong unpredictability of New Zealand’s dynamic stream ecosystems and fauna that has evolved to cope with these conditions. While local community structure turned over along this latitudinal gradient, metacommunity structure was highly context dependent and dispersal traits did not elucidate patterns. Moreover, the emergent metacommunity types exhibited no trends, nor did the important environmental variables. These results provide a cautionary tale for examining singular metacommunities. The considerable level of unexplained contingency suggests that any inferences drawn from one-off snapshot sampling may be misleading and further points to the need for more studies on temporal dynamics of metacommunity processes.
Apathy and brain alterations in Parkinson's disease: a multimodal imaging study
Authors: Lucas‐Jiménez Olaia , Ojeda Natalia , Peña Javier , Cabrera‐Zubizarreta Alberto , Díez‐Cirarda María , Gómez‐Esteban Juan Carlos , Gómez‐Beldarrain María Ángeles , Ibarretxe‐Bilbao Naroa
Published: May 2018

Objective

Apathy is a common nonmotor symptom in Parkinson's disease (PD) affecting 40% of patients. The aim of the study was to investigate brain changes and correlates of frontal, striatal, and limbic pathways related to subclinical symptoms of apathy in PD patients.

Methods

Thirty‐two PD patients divided into low‐subclinical symptoms of apathy (LSA) (n = 18) and high‐subclinical symptoms of apathy (HSA) (n = 14) and 25 healthy controls (HC) underwent a T1‐weighted, diffusion‐weighted, and resting‐state functional MRI. Apathy was evaluated with the Lille Apathy Rating Scale. Voxel‐based morphometry, tract‐based spatial statistics, and resting‐state functional connectivity (FC) analyses were performed with a region‐of‐interest approach.

Results

HSA‐PD showed increased white matter axial and mean diffusivity compared with HC and increased white matter axial diffusivity compared with LSA‐PD. HSA‐PD showed decreased fronto‐striatal and fronto‐limbic FC compared with HC and decreased fronto‐striatal FC compared with LSA‐PD. LSA‐PD showed decreased fronto‐limbic but increased fronto‐striatal FC (hyperconnectivity) compared with HC. No significant differences in grey matter were found. Fronto‐striatal FC and white matter axial and mean diffusivity were associated with symptoms of apathy in HSA‐PD. The fronto‐striatal hyperconnectivity was associated with lower symptoms of apathy in LSA‐PD.

Interpretation

Findings suggest distinct brain alterations in PD groups with subclinical symptoms of apathy. The increased pattern of activation in LSA‐PD, accompanied with lower apathetic symptomatology, might be the initial manifestation of compensatory mechanisms for dysfunctional limbic pathway. The same pattern of hyperconnectivity has been found in other pathologies and the implication of these abnormalities as a cross‐disease model for initial apathy symptomatology is further discussed.
Impact of Information Presentation Format on Preference for Total Knee Replacement Surgery
Authors: Fraenkel Liana , Benjamin Nowell W. , Stake Christine E. , Venkatachalam Shilpa , Eyler Rachel , Michel George , Peters Ellen
Published: May 2018

Objective

Patients have a poor understanding of outcomes related to total knee replacement (TKR) surgery, with most patients underestimating the potential benefits and overestimating the risk of complications. In this study, we sought to compare the impacts of descriptive information alone or in combination with an icon array, experience condition (images), or spinner on participants’ preference for TKR.

Methods

A total of 648 members of an online arthritis network were randomized to 1 of 4 outcome presentation formats: numeric only, numeric with an icon array, numeric with a set of 50 images, or numeric with a functional spinner. Preferences for TKR were measured before and immediately after viewing the outcome information using an 11‐point numeric rating scale. Knowledge was assessed by asking participants to report the frequency of each outcome.

Results

Participants randomized to the icon array, images, and spinner had stronger preferences for TKR (after controlling for baseline preferences) compared to those viewing the numeric only format (P < 0.05 for all mean differences). Knowledge scores were highest in participants randomized to the icon array; however, knowledge did not mediate the association between format and change in preference for TKR.

Conclusion

Decision support at the point‐of‐care is being increasingly recognized as a vital component of care. Our findings suggest that adding graphic information to descriptive statistics strengthens preferences for TKR. Although experience formats using images may be too complex to use in clinical practice, icon arrays and spinners may be a viable and easily adaptable decision aid to support communication of probabilistic information.
Superelastic Multimaterial Electronic and Photonic Fibers and Devices via Thermal Drawing
Authors: Qu Yunpeng , Nguyen‐Dang Tung , Page Alexis Gérald , Yan Wei , Das Gupta Tapajyoti , Rotaru Gelu Marius , Rossi René M. , Favrod Valentine Dominique , Bartolomei Nicola , Sorin Fabien
Published: May 2018

Electronic and photonic fiber devices that can sustain large elastic deformation are becoming key components in a variety of fields ranging from healthcare to robotics and wearable devices. The fabrication of highly elastic and functional fibers remains however challenging, which is limiting their technological developments. Simple and scalable fiber‐processing techniques to continuously codraw different materials within a polymeric structure constitute an ideal platform to realize functional fibers and devices. Despite decades of research however, elastomeric materials with the proper rheological attributes for multimaterial fiber processing cannot be identified. Here, the thermal drawing of hundreds‐of‐meters long multimaterial optical and electronic fibers and devices that can sustain up to 500% elastic deformation is demonstrated. From a rheological and microstructure analysis, thermoplastic elastomers that can be thermally drawn at high viscosities (above 103 Pa s), allowing the encapsulation of a variety of microstructured, soft, and rigid materials are identified. Using this scalable approach, fiber devices combining high performance, extreme elasticity, and unprecedented functionalities, allowing novel applications in smart textiles, robotics, or medical implants, are demonstrated.
Manganese‐Catalyzed C−H Annulation of Ketimines with Allenes: Stereoselective Synthesis of 1‐Aminoindanes
Authors: Lei Chong , Peng Lijie , Ding Ke
Published: May 2018

A manganese‐catalyzed C−H annulation of ketimines with poly‐substituted ester‐activated allenes toward the synthesis of 1‐aminoindanes bearing two vicinal all‐substituted carbon stereocenters and an exocyclic double bond was developed. The reaction features high diastereoselectivity, high E/Z selectivity, 100% atom‐economy, broad substrate scope and good functional group tolerance.

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Successful treatment of pulmonary embolism‐induced cardiac arrest by thrombolysis and targeted temperature management during pregnancy
Authors: Oami Takehiko , Oshima Taku , Oku Reiko , Nakanishi Kazuya
Published: May 2018

Background

Thrombolysis for pulmonary embolism and targeted temperature management for cardiac arrest are controversial treatments in pregnancy.

Case

A 37‐year‐old woman at 23 weeks gestation presented with persistent dyspnea. She experienced cardiac arrest soon after arrival at the emergency room. Massive right ventricular dilatation on echocardiography during the transient return of spontaneous circulation suggested pulmonary embolism. We administered recombinant tissue plasminogen activator for suspected pulmonary embolism to successfully resuscitate the patient experiencing refractory cardiac arrest despite heparin infusion. After an additional dose of monteplase for persistent shock with remaining right ventricular dilatation on echocardiography, maternal hemodynamics dramatically improved, but fetal heart rate transiently decreased. Targeted temperature management was initiated for delayed recovery of consciousness. She fully recovered consciousness without neurological deficit. However, the fetus was aborted because of fetal hydrops.

Conclusion

Thrombolysis and targeted temperature management should be considered as treatment options for pulmonary embolism‐induced cardiac arrest during pregnancy.
Tandem Silver Cluster Isomerism and Mixed Linkers to Modulate the Photoluminescence of Cluster‐Assembled Materials
Authors: Huang Ren‐Wu , Dong Xi‐Yan , Yan Bing‐Jie , Du Xiang‐Sha , Wei Dong‐Hui , Zang Shuang‐Quan , Mak Thomas C. W.
Published: May 2018

Silver chalcogenolate cluster assembled materials (SCAMs) are a category of promising light‐emitting materials the luminescence of which can be modulated by variation of their building blocks (cluster nodes and organic linkers). The transformation of a singly emissive [Ag12(SBut)8(CF3COO)4(bpy)4]n (Ag12bpy, bpy=4,4′‐bipyridine) into a dual‐emissive [(Ag12(SBut)6(CF3COO)6(bpy)3)]n (Ag12bpy‐2) via cluster‐node isomerization, the critical importance of which was highlighted in dictating the photoluminescence properties of SCAMs. Moreover, the newly obtained Ag12bpy‐2 served to construct visual thermochromic Ag12bpy‐2/NH2 by a mixed‐linker synthesis, together with dichromatic core–shell Ag12bpy‐2@Ag12bpy‐NH2‐2 via solvent‐assisted linker exchange. This work provides insight into the significance of metal arrangement on physical properties of nanoclusters.
Biomimetic Donor–Acceptor Motifs in Conjugated Polymers for Promoting Exciton Splitting and Charge Separation
Authors: Ou Honghui , Chen Xinru , Lin Lihua , Fang Yuanxing , Wang Xinchen
Published: May 2018

Natural photosynthesis serves as a model for energy and chemical conversions, and motivates the search of artificial systems that mimic nature′s energy‐ and electron‐transfer chains. However, bioinspired systems often suffer from the partial or even large loss of the charge separation state, and show moderate activity owing to the fundamentally different features of the multiple compounds. Herein, a selenium and cyanamide‐functionalized heptazine‐based melon (DA‐HM) is designed as a unique bioinspired donor–acceptor (D‐A) light harvester. The combination of the photosystem and electron shuttle in a single species, with both n‐ and p‐type conductivities, and extended spectral absorption, endows DA‐HM with a high efficiency in the transfer and separation of photoexcited charge carriers, resulting in photochemical activity. This work presents a unique conjugated polymeric system that shows great potential for solar‐to‐chemical conversion by artificial photosynthesis.
Total Syntheses of Crinipellins Enabled by Cobalt‐Mediated and Palladium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Pauson–Khand Reactions
Authors: Huang Zhihui , Huang Jun , Qu Yongzheng , Zhang Weibin , Gong Jianxian , Yang Zhen
Published: May 2018

Efficient total syntheses of the naturally occurring, potent antibiotic compounds (−)‐crinipellin A and (−)‐crinipellin B are described. The key advanced intermediate, a fully functionalized tetraquinane core, was constructed by a novel thiourea/palladium‐catalyzed Pauson–Khand reaction. This intermediate can serve as a common intermediate for the collective total synthesis of other members of the crinipellin family.
Synthesis, structure and antiproliferative activity of dinuclear ruthenium arene complexes with differently coordinated thiosemicarbazones
Authors: Su Wei , Li Yuchun , Xiao Jun‐an , Zhang Yuexing , Li Peiyuan
Published: May 2018

A series of di‐nuclear ruthenium arene complexes with TSC ligands ([(η6‐p‐cymene)Ru(N1,S‐TSC)]2Cl2, A‐type, 1 and 2) and their corresponding analogues ([(η6‐p‐cymene)Ru(N2,S‐TSC)]2Cl2, B‐type, 3 and 4), in which TSCs act as different coordination mode, have been synthesized and structurally characterized by a variety of physical methods. The molecular structures of 1, 3 and 4 were determined using single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. The Gibbs free energy of the two examples of the two types of complexes (1 and 3) and bonding order in their single‐crystals were discussed using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The compounds were further evaluated for their in vitro antiproliferative activities against several cancerous and HEK‐293 T noncancerous cell lines, and the results indicate that B‐type complexes show stronger cytotoxicity than A‐type complexes. Furthermore, the interactions of the compounds with DNA were investigated by electrophoretic mobility spectrometry studies.
Three‐dimensional modelling of a pre‐Aksumite settlement at the archaeological site of Seglamen, Aksum, northern Ethiopia using integrated geophysical techniques
Authors: Getaneh Assefa , Haile Tigistu , Sernicola Luisa
Published: May 2018

This geophysical study is part of a multidisciplinary archaeological research project designed to provide the framework for the reconstruction of the cultural and environmental history of the region to the southwest of Aksum and for the production of a detailed archaeological map for the cultural heritage management of central Tigray. Seglamen, near Aksum in north Ethiopia, an area of about 70 000 m2, is dated from the early to mid‐first millenniumbceand has been detected and excavated since 2010 by the Italian Archaeological Expedition of the University of Naples “L'Orientale”. An objective of this study was to develop a geophysical model that defines the archaeological context of a multilayered archaeological site. In doing so, it was also aimed at guiding future excavations operated by archaeologists on the site, thereby assess the geophysical techniques that work well in this area and make recommendations to several archaeological research projects that have been operating at and around Aksum, with similar archaeological context. Magnetic and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) techniques were employed. The magnetic reconnaissance survey carried out at 2 m station spacing and 5 m line spacing covering the area and has outlined for further detailed investigation localized anomalies for the ERT. Detailed ERT survey was conducted on a rectangular grid of 21.75 × 44.25 m2with 0.75 m unit electrode spacing and 0.75 m line spacing. It has yielded two‐dimensional (2D) and three‐dimensional (3D) electrical resistivity sections of the surveyed area. From combined interpretation of the magnetic and electrical imaging survey data, it was possible to delineate localized anomalous zones that could be associated with the existence of subsurface features of archeological interest. Interpreted stone‐based walls were validated through test excavations that revealed well preserved and collapsed walls. These cultural structures are sometimes located at depths of about 20 cm so there is a high possibility of destruction by farming activities of local farmers; ultimately, we would urge conservation work in this area.
Controlling Chaos and Neimark–Sacker Bifurcation in a Host–Parasitoid Model
Authors: Din Qamar , Hussain Mushtaq
Published: May 2018

In this paper, a new density‐dependent host–parasitoid model is proposed. The modification is based on density‐dependent factor by introducing Hassell growth function in host population. Moreover, the permanence of solutions, existence and uniqueness of positive equilibrium, local asymptotic stability and global behavior of the positive equilibrium point are also investigated. It is demonstrated that system endures Neimark–Sacker bifurcation for wide range of bifurcation parameter. In order to control chaos due to emergence of Neimark–Sacker bifurcation, two feedback control strategies, that is, OGY and hybrid control methods are implemented. Finally, all mathematical analysis, particularly, Neimark–Sacker bifurcation, chaos control strategies, and global asymptotic stability of unique positive point are verified with the help of numerical simulations.
Nachweis von Straßenbrücken kleiner Stützweite am Beispiel von Wegebrücken in der Eilenriede, Hannover
Authors: Gutermann Marc , Schröder Carsten , Böhme Carsten
Published: May 2018

Motiviert durch eine Anfrage zur Untersuchung von Durchlässen und Wegebrücken im Stadtwald Eilenriede, Landeshauptstadt Hannover, wurde eine neue Methode entwickelt und erprobt, mit der die Tragsicherheit von Bauwerken kleiner Stützweite wirtschaftlich nachgewiesen werden kann. Um Abriss und Neubau der Massivbauwerke zu vermeiden, wurde ein Konzept aufgestellt, um die Brücken kostengünstig mit einem Mobilkran und messtechnischer Überwachung risikoarm testen zu können. Dieser Bericht beschreibt die Randbedingungen und Überlegungen zur Lösung der Aufgabe und fasst die Ergebnisse der erfolgreichen Erprobung an 13 Stahlbetonbauwerken und einem Mauerwerksdurchlass in Hannover zusammen.
Examining the trade‐off between confidence and optimism in future forecasts
Authors: Stavrova Olga , Evans Anthony M.
Published: May 2018

Confident business forecasters are seen as more credible and competent (“confidence heuristic”). We explored a boundary condition of this effect by examining how individuals react to the trade‐off between confidence and optimism. Using hypothetical scenarios, we examined this trade‐off from the perspectives of judges (i.e., business owners who hired analysts to make sales predictions) and forecasters (i.e., the analysts hired to make predictions). Participants were assigned to the role of either judges or forecasters and were asked to rate 2 potential forecasts. In the “no trade‐off” condition, the 2 forecasts were aligned in optimism and confidence (the more confident forecast was also more optimistic); in the “trade‐off” condition, the more confident forecast was less optimistic. In Experiment 1, judges were more likely to positively evaluate confident forecasters when confident forecasters were the more (vs. less) optimistic ones. Experiment 2 demonstrated that forecasters were aware of judges' preferences for optimism and strategically relied on methods that resulted in more optimistic (but less reliable) predictions. Experiment 3 directly compared the perspectives of judges and forecasters, revealing that forecasters overestimated judges' preferences for optimism over confidence. The present studies show that forecasters and judges have different views of the trade‐off between confidence and optimism and that forecasters may unnecessarily sacrifice accuracy for optimism.
A new multivariate zero‐adjusted Poisson model with applications to biomedicine
Authors: Liu Yin , Tian Guo‐Liang , Tang Man‐Lai , Yuen Kam Chuen
Published: May 2018

Recently, although advances were made on modeling multivariate count data, existing models really has several limitations: (i) The multivariate Poisson log‐normal model (Aitchison and Ho, 1989) cannot be used to fit multivariate count data with excess zero‐vectors; (ii) The multivariate zero‐inflated Poisson (ZIP) distribution (Li et al., 1999) cannot be used to model zero‐truncated/deflated count data and it is difficult to apply to high‐dimensional cases; (iii) The Type I multivariate zero‐adjusted Poisson (ZAP) distribution (Tian et al., 2017) could only model multivariate count data with a special correlation structure for random components that are all positive or negative. In this paper, we first introduce a new multivariate ZAP distribution, based on a multivariate Poisson distribution, which allows the correlations between components with a more flexible dependency structure, that is some of the correlation coefficients could be positive while others could be negative. We then develop its important distributional properties, and provide efficient statistical inference methods for multivariate ZAP model with or without covariates. Two real data examples in biomedicine are used to illustrate the proposed methods.
Continuous In‐Line Virus Inactivation for Next Generation Bioprocessing
Authors: Gillespie Christopher , Holstein Melissa , Mullin Lori , Cotoni Kristen , Tuccelli Ronald , Caulmare John , Greenhalgh Patricia
Published: May 2018

Viral inactivation plays a critical role in assuring the safety of monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapeutics. Traditional viral inactivation involves large holding tanks in which product is maintained at a target low pH for a defined hold time, typically 30–60 min. The drive toward continuous processing and improved facility utilization has provided motivation for development of a continuous viral inactivation process. To this end, a lab‐scale prototype viral inactivation system was designed, built, and characterized. Multiple incubation chamber designs are evaluated to identify the optimal design that enables narrow residence time distributions in continuous flow systems. Extensive analysis is conducted supporting rapid low pH viral inactivation and included evaluations with multiple viruses, a range of pH levels, buffer compositions, mAb concentrations, and temperatures. Multiple test conditions are evaluated using the in‐line system and results compared to traditional batch‐mode viral inactivation. Comparability in kinetics of virus inactivation suggests equivalency between the two approaches.
Generation of High Expressing Chinese Hamster Ovary Cell Pools Using the Leap‐In Transposon System
Authors: Balasubramanian Sowmya , Peery Robert B. , Minshull Jeremy , Lee Maggie , White Regina , Kelly Ronan M. , Barnard Gavin C.
Published: May 2018

Clonally derived cell lines (CDCL) from Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) host cell lines, remain the most popular method to manufacture therapeutic proteins. However, CHO cell pools are increasingly being used as an alternate method to produce therapeutic proteins for preclinical drug development in an effort to shorten the time required for new drug development. It is essential that these CHO pools exhibit the desired attributes of CHO CDCLs such as high protein titers and consistent product quality attributes (PQAs). In this study the authors evaluated the Leap‐In Transposase®, for the expression of four different proteins (three mAbs and one Bispecific mAb). The resultant pool titers ranges from 2.0 to 5.0 g L−1 for the four proteins compared to 1.5–3.3 g L−1 from the respective control pools (generated by random gene integration). The resultant cell pools are a homogeneously expressing cell population. The average gene copy numbers are similar or lower in the evaluation pools relative to the control pools. The higher titers in the evaluation pools are attributed to higher levels of both IgG‐LC and IgG–HC mRNA. In conclusion, the Leap‐In transposase generates high titer, homogeneous CHO pools in a short time‐period without introducing any undesired PQAs.
Simulation of phase I metabolism reactions of clozapine by HLM and photocatalytic methods with the use of UHPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS
Authors: Gawlik Maciej , Skibiński Robert
Published: May 2018

In this study the comparison of human liver microsomes in in vitro incubation as well as ZnO‐ and TiO2‐assisted photocatalytic degradation of clozapine as a mimicking method of phase I metabolism transformation was performed. Based on reversed‐phase UHPLC separation and high‐resolution MS/MS data, eight transformation products were identified and seven of them were found to be hepatic metabolites of the parent compound. The multivariate chemometric comparison of the obtained results shows ZnO‐assisted photocatalysis to be a more suitable approach to phase I metabolism simulation. The photocatalytic experiments demonstrated that the disappearance of clozapine followed pseudo‐zero order kinetics.
Developing a robust LC–MS/MS method to quantify Zn‐DTPA, a zinc chelate in human plasma and urine
Authors: Yu Lin , Meng Fanhua , Guo Miao , Yang Ying , He Jianchang , Dong Junxing , Guo Jifen , Peng Shuangqing
Published: May 2018

Quantitation of Zn‐DTPA (zinc diethylenetriamene pentaacetate, a metal chelate) in complex biological matrix is extremely challenging on account of its special physiochemical properties. This study aimed to develop a robust and specific liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method for determination of Zn‐DTPA in human plasma and urine. The purified samples were separated on Proteonavi (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm; Shiseido, Ginza, Tokyo, Japan) and a C18 guard column. The mobile phase consisted of methanol–2 mm ammonium formate (pH 6.3)–ammonia solution (50:50:0.015, v/v/v), flow rate 0.45 mL/min. The linear concentration ranges of the calibration curves for Zn‐DTPA were 1–100 μg/mL in plasma and 10–2000 μg/mL in urine. The intra‐ and inter‐day precisions for quality control (QC) samples were from 1.8 to 14.6% for Zn‐DTPA and the accuracies for QC samples were from −4.8 to 8.2%. This method was fully validated and successfully applied to the quantitation of Zn‐DTPA in plasma and urine samples of a healthy male volunteer after intravenous infusion administration of Zn‐DTPA. The result showed that the concentration of Zn‐DTPA in urine was about 20 times that in plasma, and Zn‐DTPA was completely (94.7%) excreted through urine in human.
Comparison of quality properties between high‐molecular‐weight glutenin subunits 5 + 10 and 2 + 12 near‐isogenic lines under three common wheat genetic backgrounds
Authors: Wang Xiaolong , Zhang Yingquan , Zhang Bo , Florides Christakis George , Gao Zheng , Wang Zhonghua , Zhang Xiaoke , Wei Yimin
Published: May 2018

Background and objectives

Near‐isogenic lines (NILs) of three Chinese winter wheat varieties were used to explore quality differences between subunits 5 + 10 and 2 + 12. Protein content, gluten quality, rheological properties, and bread‐making quality in the NILs possessing subunits 5 + 10 and 2 + 12 were assessed and compared.

Findings

All measured parameters except protein content significantly changed when subunits 2 + 12 were replaced by subunits 5 + 10. The incorporation of subunits 5 + 10, in the absence of subunits 2 + 12, increased dramatically dough strength, but the extensibility was slightly decreased. The improved functionality of subunits 5 + 10 was only pronounced in the recipient cultivar (Xiaoyan 22) which had weak gluten strength but better extensibility, whereas, the inferior overall quality was obtained in the recipient cultivars (Xinong 2208 and Xinong 1718) carrying medium‐to‐strong gluten strength and poor extensibility.

Conclusions

The functionality of subunits 5 + 10 was well expressed in the recipient cultivars with weak gluten strength and better extensibility.

Significance and novelty

The findings expanded our knowledge on the functionality of subunits 5 + 10 on different genetic backgrounds with gradient elasticity‐to‐extensibility ratio. The transformed lines with extremely strong gluten strength and reduced extensibility could be used as parents in wheat quality breeding and their flour would be suitable for blending with flour of the lower grade.
Biochemically Controlled Release of Dexamethasone Covalently Bound to PEDOT
Authors: Carli Stefano , Trapella Claudio , Armirotti Andrea , Fantinati Anna , Ottonello Giuliana , Scarpellini Alice , Prato Mirko , Fadiga Luciano , Ricci Davide
Published: May 2018

PEDOT (Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)) is one of the most promising electrode materials for biomedical applications like neural recording and stimulation, thanks to its enhanced biocompatibility and electronic properties. Drug delivery by PEDOT is typically achieved by incorporating drugs as dopants during the electrodeposition procedure and a subsequent release can be promoted by applying a cathodic trigger that reduces PEDOT while enabling the drug to diffuse. This approach has several disadvantages including, for instance, the release of contaminants mainly due to PEDOT decomposition during electrochemical release. Herein we describe a new strategy based on the formation of a chemical linkage between the drug and the conductive polymer. In particular, dexamethasone was successfully integrated into a new electropolymerized PEDOT–Dex composite, leading to a self‐adjusting drug release system based on a biochemically hydrolysable bond between dexamethasone and PEDOT.
Neighborhood trustworthiness‐based vehicle‐to‐vehicle authentication scheme for vehicular ad hoc networks
Authors: Wang Chen , Xiao Lu , Shen Jian , Huang Rui
Published: May 2018

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are a type of network, which have caused widespread concern. Researchers have done many research on security and reliability of information transmission in VANETs. However, the secure transmission of emergent information, such as accident information, remains an open issue. The vehicle‐to‐vehicle authentication scheme for traffic accident information transmission not only needs to ensure the orderly and secure transmission of information but also to ensure efficient and rapid transmission. In this paper, we propose a novel scheme for VANETs named neighborhood trustworthiness‐based vehicle‐to‐vehicle authentication scheme (NTVAS). NTVAS makes reasonable utilization of cloud computing technology to evaluate the trustworthiness of vehicles for message delivery. One way vehicle‐to‐vehicle authentication ensures the efficiency of the scheme. Additionally, the concept of accident location neighborhood trustworthiness has also been innovatively presented for further transmission of accident information. The security and performance analysis indicates that our scheme is secure and efficient with low computational cost.