bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Google Searches and Suicide Rates in Spain, 2004-2013: Correlation Study
Authors: Jimenez Alberto , Santed-Germán Miguel-Angel , Ramos Victoria
Published: November 2019

Background

Different studies have suggested that web search data are useful in forecasting several phenomena from the field of economics to epidemiology or health issues.

Objective

This study aimed to (1) evaluate the correlation between suicide rates released by the Spanish National Statistics Institute (INE) and internet search trends in Spain reported by Google Trends (GT) for 57 suicide-related terms representing major known risks of suicide and an analysis of these results using a linear regression model and (2) study the differential association between male and female suicide rates published by the INE and internet searches of these 57 terms.

Methods

The study period was from 2004 to 2013. In this study, suicide data were collected from (1) Spain’s INE and (2) local internet search data from GT, both from January 2004 to December 2013. We investigated and validated 57 suicide-related terms already tested in scientific studies before 2015 that would be the best predictors of new suicide cases. We then evaluated the nowcasting effects of a GT search through a cross-correlation analysis and by linear regression of the suicide incidence data with the GT data.

Results

Suicide rates in Spain in the study period were positively associated (r<-0.2) for the general population with the search volume for 7 terms and negatively for 1 from the 57 terms used in previous studies. Suicide rates for men were found to be significantly different than those of women. The search term, “allergy,” demonstrated a lead effect for new suicide cases (r=0.513; P=.001). The next significant correlating terms for those 57 studied were “antidepressant,” “alcohol abstinence,” “relationship breakup” (r=0.295, P=.001; r=0.295, P=.001; and r=0.268, P=.002, respectively). Significantly different results were obtained for men and women. Search terms that correlate with suicide rates of women are consistent with previous studies, showing that the incidence of depression is higher in women than in men, and showing different gender searching patterns.

Conclusions

A better understanding of internet search behavior of both men and women in relation to suicide and related topics may help design effective suicide prevention programs based on information provided by search robots and other big data sources.
SALIVARY GLUCOSE CONCENTRATION IN TYPE-II DIABETIC PEOPLE: A CASE–CONTROL STUDY
Authors: NIRMALA A  , MAZHER SULTANA  , SHARON NS
Published: November 2019

Objective: The objective of the present study was to find a non-invasive method of sample collection that can be used to diagnose and monitor diabetes mellitus (DM).

Methods: In this study, saliva as a diagnostic fluid was collected noninvasively from subjects with modest training and this offers a cost-effective method for screening diabetes. To evaluate the association of blood glucose level with salivary glucose in Type-II diabetic (Type-II D) patients, a case– control study was conducted on 200 test and 200 healthy control people in selected study village in Kanchipuram (District). The glucose level was measured in saliva and blood plasma by glucose oxidase and peroxidase method.

Results: A highly significant positive correlation between fasting salivary glucose (69.377±14.329 mg/dl) and plasma glucose (249.935±64.65 mg/dl) in diabetic patients and in control group, plasma glucose level 117.545±10.595 and saliva glucose level 49.271±13.795 mg/dl was observed.

Conclusion: From this study, it can be concluded that fasting salivary glucose level can be used as a non-invasive diagnostic, as well as monitoring tool to assess the glycemic status of Type-II DM patients.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF IN SITU MUCOADHESIVE THERMOREVERSIBLE NASAL GEL OF SERTRALINE HYDROCHLORIDE
Authors: DIKSHA SHARMA  , SHAWETA AGARAWAL
Published: November 2019

Objective: The objective of the study was to aiming to formulate and evaluate temperature based in situ nasal gel of sertraline HCL.

Materials and Methods: Preformulation studies of sertraline hydrochloride including tests for identification, solubility studies, Fourier-transformer infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, melting point determination, and other studies were carried out and compared with the specification as per literature. The solubility of sertraline hydrochloride was determined in different solvents such as in distilled water, ethanol, acetone, isopropyl alcohol, and 2-propanol. Each value for solubility was determined in triplicate and average values were reported. The drug excipient compatibility study was determined by FTIR. Thermal analysis was performed using a differential scanning calorimetric equipped with a computerized data station. The UV spectrum of sertraline hydrochloride was obtained using UV JascV630. The in situ gel formulation was prepared by changing the concentration and using only one polymer (Carbopol 934) has been used at the same concentration. Mucoadhesive strength and in vitro permeation study were determined using gout nasal mucosal membrane, whereas in vitro drug release study was carried out using diffusion cell through egg membrane as a biological membrane. The stability studies were conducted according to ICH guidelines.

Results: The FTIR studies of formulation show no interaction between drug and excipient. In situ gel was prepared using Carbopol 934 and Poloxamer 407 to improve its adhesion property. The optimized formulation (F6) was transparent and clear in appearance with 101.15% drug content. The sol-gel transformation of in situ gel was found at temperature 34.92°C with immediate gelation property. The in vitro drug release of optimized formulation was found 95.80% drug release in 8 h. Formulations F4 and F6 showed immediate gelation within 60 s and remained stable for an extended period. All the formulations were liquid at room temperature and underwent rapid gelation on contact with simulated nasal fluid.

Conclusion: The results concluded that the formulations of in situ nasal gel showing to improve the bioavailability through its longer residence time and ability to sustain drug release.
IN VITRO EVALUATION OF ANTIDIABETIC AND CYTOTOXICITY POTENTIALS OF THE RHIZOME EXTRACT OF DRYNARIA QUERCIFOLIA (L.) J. SMITH
Authors: PRASANNA G  , DEVI R  , ISHWARYA G
Published: November 2019

Objective: In the present study, an attempt has been made to evaluate the in vitro antidiabetic and cytotoxic potentials of the rhizome extract of Drynaria quercifolia (L.) J. Smith.

Methods: In vitro antidiabetic activity was determined by two different assays such as alpha-amylase inhibition assay and glucose uptake assay. The plant extract with three different concentrations was used for this assay. L6 rat myogenic cells were selected and subjected to glucose uptake assay. The cytotoxic activity of the different concentrations of the plant extract on HepG2 cell line was also investigated in vitro through 3-(4,5, dimethythiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay.

Results: The findings of the study provide evidence that the rhizome extract of D. quercifolia possesses significant anti-diabetic activity. In MTT assay, the significant cytotoxic effect of plant extract was observed by measuring the percentage of cell viability on the HepG2 cell line.

Conclusion: The findings indicated that rhizome extracts of D. quercifolia have potential as a medicinal drug against diabetes mellitus (DM) and liver cancer. Further, studies with in vivo and clinical trials need to be conducted to establish rhizome extract as a safe agent for DM and liver cancer therapy.
A STUDY OF ANTIBACTERIAL UTILIZATION PATTERN IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: JAHNAVI SIMHADRI  , KOMAL KULKARNI  , ASISH SV  , SAPNA K DONGRE  , NEETHU S GEORGE  , DEVIPRASAD HEGDE
Published: November 2019

Objectives: The objective of the study was to analyze the utilization pattern of antibacterials in a tertiary care hospital.

Methods: A cross-sectional, prospective, observational study was conducted on patients admitted in inpatient departments of a tertiary care hospital for 6 months.

Results: In the study, 152 prescriptions being assessed contained 17.2% antibacterials. The most commonly prescribed drug class among antibacterials was β-lactams (50%). Ceftriaxone and amikacin (10.58%) were the highly prescribed antimicrobials. Maximum number of antibacterials were prescribed as monotherapy and given as parenteral dosage forms. Among the fixed-dose drug combinations, the most commonly used combination was Cefoperazone + Sulbactam (10.58%).

Conclusion: This study highlighted an overall pattern of antibiotic prescription in a tertiary care hospital. The most common infection for which the antimicrobials were prescribed was lower respiratory tract infection. Physicians preferred initiating prophylactic treatment than waiting for culture sensitivity test results. The most common antimicrobials prescribed were ceftriaxone and amikacin. Maximum number of prescriptions contained only one antimicrobial which is a favorable observation. Majority of prescriptions contained brand name which needs to be changed by an intervention.
ANTIDIABETIC EFFECTS OF [10]-GINGEROL IN STREPTOZOTOCIN- AND HIGH-FAT DIET-INDUCED DIABETIC RATS
Authors: ASHUTOSH KUMAR YADAV  , REETU  , ARUN GARG
Published: November 2019

Objective: India is the “diabetes capital of the world” with 62.4 million Indians having type 2 diabetes in 2011. A major risk factor for insulin resistance is obesity, which is generally caused by regular physical inactivity and high-fat diet (HFD). Obesity and diabetes are closely related to each other as about 80% of diabetics are obese. Obesity is a common finding in type 2 diabetes. The objective of the study was to investigate the antidiabetic effects of [10]-gingerol in streptozotocin (STZ)- and HFD-induced diabetic rats.

Methods: Wistar rats were used for the study. Animals were divided into six groups. The six groups in this study were, Group I (normal control), Group II (diabetic control), Group III (glibenclamide at 5 mg/kg p.o.), Group IV (orlistat at 60 mg/kg p.o.), Group V ([10]-gingerol at 15 mg/kg p.o.), and Group VI [10]-gingerol (30 mg/kg p.o.), respectively. The antidiabetic activity was assessed using blood glucose level, body weight, and various biochemical parameters such as serum total cholesterol (TC) level, triglyceride (TG) level, high-density lipoproteins (HDLs), total protein (TP), serum alanine transaminase, and aspartate aminotransferase (serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase), respectively.

Results: [10]-gingerol exhibited an antidiabetic effect by significantly decreased the level of blood glucose, body weight, TC, TG, TP, and increase HDL. The results of the study demonstrated that the treatment with [10]-gingerol significantly (p<0.05) and dose dependently prevented STZ- and HFD-induced diabetic rats.

Conclusions: The findings of the study suggest that [10]-gingerol possesses potential antidiabetic activity as it lowers serum glucose level.
DESIGN, OPTIMIZATION, AND EVALUATION OF ACYCLOVIR FAST DISSOLVING TABLETS EMPLOYING STACH PHTHALATE – A NOVEL SUPERDISINTEGRANT
Authors: SANTOSH KUMAR R  , ANNU KUMARI
Published: November 2019

Objective: The objective of the present research was to prepare starch phthalate (a novel superdisintegrant) and to optimize and formulate acyclovir fast dissolving tablets employing 23 factorial design using starch phthalate as superdisintegrant.

Materials and Methods: Drug excipient compatibility studies such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and thin-layer chromatography were carried out to check the drug interaction between acyclovir and starch phthalate. The direct compression method was used for tablet preparation. Prepared tablets were then evaluated for hardness, friability, drug content, disintegration time, water absorption, and wetting time, in vitro dissolution studies. Response surface plots and contour plots were also plotted to know the main effects and interaction effects of independent variables (starch phthalate [A], croscarmellose sodium [B], and crospovidone [C] on dependent variables [disintegration time and drug dissolution efficiency in 1 min]) and stability studies were also done.

Results: Tablets of all formulations were of good quality concerning drug content (100±5%), hardness (3.6–4.0 kg/cm2), and friability (<0.16%). In all formulations, formulation F8 found to be optimized formulation with least disintegration time 9±3 s, less wetting time 10±0.17 s, and enhanced dissolution rate in 1 min, i.e., 99.92±0.11 as compared to other formulation.

Conclusion: From the research, it was concluded that on combination with crospovidone (5%) and croscarmellose sodium (5%), starch phthalate (10%) enhanced the dissolution efficiency of the drug. Hence, starch phthalate can be used as a novel disintegrant in the manufacturing of fast dissolving tablets.
IMMUNOMODULATORY EFFECT OF A MIXTURE OF WATER EXTRACTS OF BETEL (PIPER BETLE L.) LEAF AND (UNCARIA GAMBIR ROXB.) GAMBIER ON PHAGOCYTIC CELLS AND MODULATION ON PHOSPHATASE ENZYME OF MICE
Authors: MUHAMMAD YANIS MUSDJA  , AMINAH NURHADIYAH  , ZILHALDIA  , ANDRIA AGUSTA
Published: November 2019

Objective: This study was to determine the immunomodulatory effect of a mixture of water extracts of betel (Piper betle L.) leaf and (Uncaria gambir Roxb.) gambier on phagocytic cells and modulation on phosphatase enzyme of mice.

Methods: Mixture of extracts of betel leaf and gambier (ratio, 429:71) was given to seven groups of mice for 14 days with doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg body weight (BW). Two kinds of immunomodulatory drug in syrup form commonly used in the treatment of infectious were used as positive controls. The peritoneal fluid of mice containing macrophage cells was isolated by performing surgery. Immunomodulatory effect was done by calculating the number of phagocytosis activity and capacity of macrophage cells of mice, and measurement of phosphatase enzyme was done using a spectrophotometer ultraviolet visible on λ=405 nm, after 1 h intraperitoneal injection Staphylococcus epidermidis on each group of mice. Immunomodulatory effects of each group of a mixture of extract were compared with negative control, normal control, and positive controls.

Results: The result showed that doses administered 200 mg/kg BW of mixture extract most efficacy for both phagocytosis activity and phagocytosis capacity as well as for the results of testing for phosphatase enzyme. Based on statistical tests, it was significantly different (p≤0.05), if compared with negative controls and normal controls but not significantly different, if compared to positive controls (p≥0.05).

Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it has been obtained that a mixture of water extracts of betel (P. betle L.) leaf and (U. gambir Roxb.) gambier with a dose of 200 mg/kg BW is very potential to be used as an immunomodulatory.
CHARACTERIZATION OF NUTRITION, ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES, AND TOXICITY OF PHYSALIS ANGULATA L. PLANT EXTRACT
Authors: ADE CHANDRA IWANSYAH  , WAHIDIYANTI PUTRI JULIANTI  , ROHMAH LUTHFIYANTIQ
Published: November 2019

Objective: This research was to characterize and compare the nutrition, total phenolics (TP) content, antioxidant activity, and toxicity of all part of Physalis angulata L. extract.

Methods: The proximate, minerals, TP content, antioxidant activity, and toxicity of all parts of physalis, namely, stem bark extract of P. angulata L. (ESC), leaf extract of P. angulata L. (ELC), rind extract of P. angulata L. (ERC), unripe fruit extract of P. angulata L. (EUF), and ripe fruit extract of P. angulata L. (EFC), were analyzed. The TP content, total flavonoids (TF), and free radical scavenging activity of ethanolic extract are studied using Folin–Ciocalteu assay, aluminum chloride assay, and 1,1-diphenyl 2-picrylhydrazyl scavenging assay. Brine shrimp lethality bioassay (LC50) used to measure the toxicity of extract.

Results: The physalis leaves extract (ELC) contains the highest total of phenolics (144.4 mg galiic acid equivalent/g), a total of flavonoids (33.33 mg quercetin equivalent/g), and antioxidant activity (96.97 μg/ml) followed by ERC>EFC>EUF>ESC. Based on the level toxicity of LC50, the ripe fruit extract of P. angulata (EFC) (924.18 μg/ml) valued as cytotoxic.

Conclusion: The data of nutrition, antioxidant properties, and toxicity of all parts of P. angulata extract provide for functional food product uses.
THE ROLE OF LINGO-1 AND MYELIN BASIC PROTEIN MRNAS IN CENTRAL REMYELINATION IN ETHIDIUM BROMIDE-INDUCED DEMYELINATION IN RATS
Authors: HANAA ABOELKASEM ALAZRAG  , MERVAT EID ABDELGHAFFAR  , HUDA MAHMOUD KHALIFA  , RASHA MOHAMED ADEL NASSRA  , AMANY ALI KHALIL NAWAR
Published: November 2019

Objective: The study aimed to assess the possible role of quercetin, pioglitazone, metformin, and dapagliflozin in the enhancement of remyelination process after ethidium bromide (EB)-induced demyelination.

Methods: The study was conducted on 60 male Wister rats (250–300 g), randomly divided into sham-operated group and five demyelination groups (each of 10 rats) which subjected to intrapontine stereotaxic injection of EB (10 μl of 0.1% EB) to induce demyelination. Then, randomly subdivided into: EB control group: Rats were treated with normal saline, quercetin-treated group (50 mg/kg/day), pioglitazone-treated group (10 mg/kg/day), metformin-treated group (500 mg/kg/day), and dapagliflozin-treated group (10 mg/kg/day). Behavioral tests (beam balance, foot fault, rotarod, and inverted screen) were conducted for all groups as well as biochemical analysis of LINGO-1 and myelin basic protein (MBP) mRNAs and histological examination of pontine tissues.

Results: The EB control group showed deterioration of motor performance on behavioral tests. Degenerative changes were observed in pontine tissue on histological examination together with upregulation of LINGO-1 protein and downregulation of MBP level. While the treated groups after EB demyelination showed significant improvement in motor performance and decreased degenerated neurons in histological examination with upregulation of MBP level and downregulation of LINGO-1 protein level.

Conclusion: Quercetin, metformin, dapagliflozin, and pioglitazone showed neuroprotective effect and enhancement of remyelination process.
COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF MORINDA CITRIFOLIA GEL AND OINTMENT FORMULATIONS
Authors: PATAWEEKORN KETKOMOL  , TADSANEE PUNJANON
Published: November 2019

Objective: The objective of this study is comparing the physicochemical properties of Morinda citrifolia formulation in various conditions.

Methods: Methanolic fruit extracts of M. citrifolia were used for the preparation of gel and ointment formulations that were evaluated for their phytochemicals, physicochemical, and stability at various conditions.

Results: Phytochemical screening studies of M. citrifolia revealed the presence of bioactive. Furthermore, the evaluation of physical and chemical stability showed that gel formulation was more stable than ointment formulation.

Conclusion: Gel formulation could become a media to be used for its medicinal properties.
BILAYER TABLET TENDERED IMMEDIATE RELEASE OF PARACETAMOL AND SUSTAINED RELEASE OF IBUPROFEN FOR QUICK ONSET OF ACTION AGAINST PAIN AND FEVER
Authors: DEVENDER CHAUHAN  , DINESH KAUSHIK
Published: November 2019

Objective: The objective of this research was to formulate bi-layer tablet which contains immediate-release layer of Paracetamol for quick onset of action and sustained release of Ibuprofen for prolonging long period.

Materials and Methods: The following chemicals were used: Paracetamol (Combiotic Global Pvt. Ltd., India), Ibuprofen (Combiotic Global Pvt. Ltd., India), microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) (Avicel), and Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) K-30 (Loba Chem). Wet granulation method was adapted to formulate the bilayer tablets. The immediate-release layer of Paracetamol was prepared using sodium starch glycolate as superdisintegrants, MCC as diluent, starch as binder. The sustained release layer of Ibuprofen was prepared using high-performance liquid chromatography E50LV and ethyl cellulose as binder along with other excipients such as MCC, PVP, and magnesium stearate by wet granulation technique.

Result and Discussion: The release rate of Paracetamol from Formulations 1 was more than 80% at 40 min. In case of Ibuprofen, sustained-release polymers such as HPMC E50 LV were used to increase the release time.

Conclusion: The bilayer tablets were prepared and show good release rate.
Memoria, imaginación y miedo en la génesis de la diabetes mellitus. El caso de una mujer guatemalteca
Authors: Page Pliego Jaime Tomás
Published: November 2019

Quienes padecen diabetes mellitus frecuentemente refieren situaciones de estrés y miedo como desencadenantes de la enfermedad, y algunos también como su causa principal. Asimismo, es sabido que el sufrimiento psíquico y físico contribuye a niveles de hiperglucemia constante. Este trabajo explora las representaciones sociales sobre los recuerdos, la imaginación y el miedo por vivencias en un contexto de violencia estructural como coadyuvantes en la persistencia de sufrimiento emocional. Se expone el caso de doña Caridad, guatemalteca kiché, quien refirió haber experimentado miedo y tristeza desbordantes y constantes, agudos por lapsos, como víctima directa del exterminio étnico acaecido en su país en la década de 1980, y en 1994 durante el levantamiento zapatista en Chiapas
An Introduction to the Canadian Association of Learned Journals Readership Analytics Project’s Compiled Online Journal Usage Software
Authors: Lorimer Rowland
Published: November 2019

Background: This technical paper contains written versions of the texts that accompany a set of five slide-based movies that provide instruction and reviews the compiled analysis generated by the software developed by the Canadian Association of Learned Journals Readership Analytics Project.

Analysis: First come usage instructions. Next are the second and third movies that walk the listener/reader through a case study-based summary of the Standard and Premium Reports. Fourth is a multi-year analysis of the case-study data. Fifth are some observations and insights.

Observations and insights: The data provide a foundation for a detailed understanding journal usage. At a second level, the data point to ongoing growth in usage at less than five cents per full text article view by users in an environment in which lowering acquisition costs and declining library subscriptions predominate. The data also show widespread use throughout the collection of articles that the journal has brought forward over its 40-plus years of operation. Finally, the data suggest a number of article profiles that may assist in understanding usage.

Keywords

Journal metrics; Online journal usage; Journal publishing; Open access; Data visualization; Scholarly Communication.
MAGNETIC AND pH SENSITIVE NANOPARTICLES FOR CANCER DRUG DELIVERY
Authors: Jadhao Amol G , Bhosale Akashy G , Sitaphale G R , Rajguru Jeevan R , Sonali Sonali A , S. V. Deshmane S V
Published: November 2019

Cancer remains a leading cause of death worldwide with more than 10 million new cases every year. Tumor-targeted nanomedicines have shown substantial improvements of the therapeutic index of anticancer agents, addressing the deﬁciencies of conventional chemotherapy, and have had a tremendous growth over past several decades. Due to the pathophysiological characteristics that almost all tumor tissues have lower pH in comparison to normal healthy tissues, among various tumor-targeted nanomaterials, pH-responsive polymeric materials have been one of the most prevalent approaches for cancer diagnosis and treatment. In this review, we summarized the types of pH-responsive polymers, describing their chemical structures and pH-response mechanisms; we illustrated the structure-property relationships of pH-responsive polymers and introduced the approaches to regulating their pH-responsive behaviors; we also highlighted the most representative applications of pH-responsive polymers in cancer imaging and therapy. Many strategies based on stimuli-responsive nanocarriers have been developed to control the drug release and avoid premature release. Here, we focus on the use of the subtle changes of pH between healthy and diseased areas along the body to trigger the release of the cargo. The application of nanotechnology to medicine constitutes a major ﬁeld of research nowadays. In particular, the use of mesoporous silica and carbon nanoparticles has attracted the attention of numerous researchers due to their unique properties, especially when applied to cancer treatment.
Exploring the Interaction of Tartrazine and Lipase: A Multispectroscopic Analysis, Docking and Computational Simulation Methods
Authors: Liu Baosheng , Zhang Hongcai , Cheng Xu
Published: November 2019

The interaction between food colorant tartrazine and lipase was studied by multi-spectroscopic and molecular docking simulation under simulated physiological conditions to evaluate the toxic of tartrazine at the protein level. The results showed that tartrazine could effectively quench the endogenous fluorescence of lipase. The thermodynamic parameters were obtained from the van't Hoff equation, and the Gibbs free energy ΔG<0, indicating that the reaction was spontaneous; ΔH<0, ΔS>0, indicating hydrophobic interaction played a major role in forming the tartrazine-lipase complex. as shown by the synchronous fluorescence, UV-vis absorption and circular dichroism data, tartrazine could lead to the conformational and micro environmental changes of lipase, which may affect its physiological function. Molecular docking results showed that tartrazine was site in the active center of lipase, which altered the microenvironment of amino acid residues at the catalytic active center of lipase.
An Overview on Tablet Coating
Authors: Arora Rimjhim , Rathore Kamal Singh , Bharakatiya Meenakshi
Published: November 2019

Pharmaceutical solid dosage forms include tablets, pellets, pills, beads etc. Tablet is most commonly used pharmaceutical dosage form which has ease of administration. Tablets are coated for many reason such as masking odour, taste, colour of the drug, providing physical and chemical protection to drug, protecting drug from the gastric environment.Coating is a process by which a layer of coating material is applied to the surface of a dosage form. Coating may also contain active ingredient. There are various strategies for tablet coating which include sugar coating, film coating, and enteric coating. The amount of coating on the surface of a tablet is critical to the effectiveness of the oral dosage form. Recent trends in tablet coating focuses on overcoming disadvantage of solvent based coating. This review concerns with the coating process, equipments involved, coated tablets evaluation and specialized coating techniques.

 

Key Words:
PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION AND IN VITRO ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY OF MELOTHRIA SCABRA
Authors: GOVINDULA ANUSHA , Reddy Sunayana , Manasa Ponnam , B Ajay Kumar B
Published: November 2019

The family Cucurbitaceae includes a large group of crops like cucumbers, and melons which are medicinally essential. The major elements present are the phytochemicals like Terpenoids, Saponins, Tannins, Steroids, Caretenoids,  Glycosides and Resins etc and the most commonly the terpenoid substance called cucurbitans.  Melothria scabra belongs the family Cucurbitaceae. Melothria scabra belongs the family Cucurbitaceae. The leaves of Melothria scabra are dried and powdered. Extraction was performed by using ethanol by soxhlation method. In the present study, the phytochemical investigation and invitro anti diabetic activity was performed. It indicates the presence of Carbohydrates, Proteins, Alkaloids, Flavanoids and  Glycosides. Powder analysis is performed by using dried powder. It indicates the presence of Stomata, Xylem vessels  and Fibres. These extracts were screened for invitro anti diabetic activity by using the three methods: Determination of glucose adsorption capacity, Effect of plant extracts on invitro glucose diffusion, Glucose uptake by yeast cells. The plant extract has shown good increase in glucose adsorbing capacity, decrease in glucose diffusion retardation potential and significant decrease in glucose uptake thus indicating its ability to decrease the glucose availability to diffusion into blood stream.
Ayurvedic Management of Schizoaffective disorder – A case report
Authors: P Nima M , M Jithesh , C Santosh
Published: November 2019

Schizoaffective disorder is a chronic mental health condition characterized by symptoms of Schizophrenia such as hallucinations and delusions, and symptoms of a mood disorder such as mania or depression. As it shares the symptoms of more than a single mental health condition, many affected with schizoaffective disorder are often erroneously diagnosed. The disorder is seen in about 0.3% of the population as per reported studies and both men and women are equally prone to the disease. But men often develop the illness at an earlier age than women. The modern management includes use of both mood stabilizers and antipsychotics. Ayurveda psychiatry categorizes the disorder under the category of unmada which is considered as the vibhrama or distorted function of eight factors including manas and buddhi. A 48 year old male patient attended the Psychiatric OPD two months back. He had decreased sleep, lack of interest in attending the job, self-talking etc. He also complained about hearing of voices in ear. According to the informant, he had reduced social mingling and increased suicidal thoughts and had several attempts for committing suicide. He has been suffering from these complaints since past 18 years. The case was diagnosed as Vatakaphaja Unmada considering the dosha predominance and a protocol with special preference to sodhana procedures were performed after admission. The selected protocol was observed to be effective in managing the condition. The case report stresses the role of Ayurveda treatment modalities in managing similar psychiatric conditions.

Keywords:
In Vitro Antidiabetic Effect of Neohesperidin
Authors: Sinha Durgeshnandani , Satapathy Trilochan , Jain Parag , Chandel Jhakeshwar Prasad , Sahu Divya , Sahu Bhavna , Verma Abhishek , Singh Shalini , Verma Khushboo , Rathore Rahul
Published: November 2019

Objective: The present study was performed to determine in vitro antidiabetic effect of neohesperidin. To evaluate inhibitory effect of neohesperidin on α-amylase and α-glucosidase diabetes causing enzyme.

Methods and Materials: Invitro carbohydrate metabolizing enzyme based inhibitory methods were used to determine antidiabetic effect of neohesperidin. Alpha (α)-amylase inhibitory assay was performed using different sources i.e. wheat alpha (α)-amylase enzyme, salivary alpha (α)-amylase and fungal alpha (α)-amylase assay. Alpha (α)-glucosidase inhibitory assay was performed using alpha (α)-glucosidase (B. stearothermophil), alpha (α)-glucosidase rat intestine and alpha (α)-glucosidase from baker’s yeast. Sucrase inhibitory assay from rat small intestine.

Result: Neohesperidin possess a potent anti-diabetic by significantly inhibiting alpha amylase activity.

Conclusion: It was concluded that enzyme inhibitory activity of neohesperidin shown a significantly higher inhibitory activity on alpha-amylase in comparision to alpha-glucosidase & Sucrase enzymes.

Keywords: Neohespiridin, acarbose, alpha-amylase, alpha-glucosidase
Pharmaceutical Standardization of Mayaphaladi Churna
Authors: Tejaswini Tumma , Sridurga Ch.
Published: November 2019

Rasa Shastra is the pharmaceutical branch of Ayurveda. As like any other medical system, success of Ayurvedic treatment also depends upon quality of medicine prescribed to the patient. The integral part of Rasa Shastra lies in the successful pharmaceutical process. Rasa oushadis are the potent Ayurvedic preparations mainly containing metals and minerals. These oushadis possess a wide range of therapeutic efficacy and are considered superior because of their qualities like small dose, quick action, palatability and longer shelf life. Mayaphaladi Churna is an important Rasa oushadi described in Rasa Tantra Sara Va Siddha Prayoga Sangraha- Part 2, Streerogadhikara indicated for the management of the diseases Swetapradara and Yonibramsha. The ingredients present in the ‘Mayaphaladi Churna’ are Kukkutanda twak bhasma (Egg Shell Ash), Shuddha Sphatika (Alum), Mayaphala Churna (Quercus Infectoria Oliv.), Amalaki Churna (Emblica Officinalis Gearth), Ashwagandha Churna (Withania Somnifera Linn.) and Sita Churna (Sugar Candy). The main pharmaceutical procedures involved in the preparation of Mayaphaladi Churna are Shodhana, Marana, Churna nirmana and preparation of Mayaphaladi Churna. The specific pharmaceutical blend of these contents can result in a more effective formulation. Therefore the present study has been planned to standardize the method of preparation of Mayaphaladi Churna according to the method explained in the classical literatures.

Keywords: Mayaphaladi Churna, Shodhana, Marana, Churna Nirmana, Standardization.
Skin Sensitization Calculation, Topical anti-inflammatory effect and DFT Study of New Indole-Hydrazone
Authors: Mokhnache Kamel , Karbab Ahlem , Soltani EL-Khamsa , Madoui Soraya , Khither Hanane , Charef Noureddine , Arrar Lekhmici
Published: November 2019

A new indol-hydrazone (IH); N'-[(E)-(5-bromo-1H- indol-3-yl) methylidene] pyridine-4-carbohydrazide was selected for theoretical and experimental studies. Molecular structure proprieties were investigated using density functional theory (DFT) via B3LYP/6-31G (d,p), skin sensitization prediction was carried out using Pred Skin software program. The obtained results demonstrate the reactivity of IH with Energy gap (Δ) of 0.0579 a.u, low sensitizer effect towards human skin with probability of 60 %, and an excellent topical anti-inflammatory effect against xylen-induced ear odema in mice model with inhibition percentages of 81.48%.

Keyword: Hydrazone, skin sensitization, Topical, Anti-inflammatory.
Evaluation of Ceftriaxone utilization among selected hospitals in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania
Authors: Eulambius Mlugu , Osward Nelson
Published: November 2019

Objectives: Inappropriate use of ceftriaxone has been reported to increase treatment cost among patients. In addition, inappropriate use is a threat for resistance development. We assessed utilization of ceftriaxone among selected public and private hospitals in Dar es Salaam Tanzania.

Methods: Retrospective study was conducted from February to May 2017. Total of 600 patients’ medication records were included. Chi square test was used to compare appropriateness use of ceftriaxone between the hospitals. Significance level was set at 0.05 and the confidence level at 95%.

Results: Total of 330 (55%) and 270 (45%) patients were prescribed ceftriaxone for pre-operative prophylaxis, and treatment respectively. In overall, ceftriaxone was significantly utilized inappropriately in private hospital (72.3%) than in public hospital (60%) p=0.002 against the Tanzania standard treatment guideline. Ceftriaxone was more used inappropriately in private (87%) than the public hospital (69.2%) p<0.001 for prophylaxis. In contrary, for treatment indication ceftriaxone was more used inappropriately in public hospital (53.3%) than in private hospital (38.9%) p= 0.026.There were no records of sensitivity test in all the patients’ files.

Conclusion: We report inappropriately utilization of Ceftriaxone against the Tanzanian standard treatment guideline. Private hospital was found to utilize ceftriaxone more inappropriately than the public hospital. We recommend further prospective studies involving all antimicrobials to be done.

Keywords: Ceftriaxone utilization, antimicrobial resistance, inappropriate use
Detection of Methylene Tetrahydrofolate Reductase Gene Polymorphism (C677T) In Sudanese Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Osman Negood Abdelhameed , Gassoum Alsadig , Ahmed Sanabel Alhussien , Babiker Nihad Elsadig
Published: November 2019

Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) is a kind of cancer that affects the white blood cells and resort to progress slowly through many years. It’s occur at any age, but is most common in older (60-65 years) of age. This is a cross sectional study aimed to detect MTHFR gene polymorphism (C677T) among Sudanese patients diagnosed with Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia and conducted at the research laboratory of the national center of neurological sciences (NCNS), Khartoum, Sudan.50 patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) diagnosed as BCR-ABL positive by RT-PCR used as a cases and 50 apparently healthy individuals as a control. A 5 ml of blood samples were collected in EDTA anticoagulant container for DNA Extraction and white blood cells count, hemoglobin level and platelets count. Genotyping of the MTHFR was carried out using PCR technique and the SNP (C677T) confirmed by sequencing a subset of samples. The results were analyzed using bioinformatics tools. The results showed; the most affected age group in the patients was 51-60 years followed by 41-50 years which constituted 32% and 30%, respectively. The hematological findings revealed that, the mean of TWBCs was 47.4, HB was 11.9 for patients, 7.2 and 14.1 respectively for control group (P = 0.000). PLT was 313.5 for patients and 287.5 for control group (P = 0.187). MTHFR gene was detected in the all patients (198pb) by the PCR, Sequence results were aligned with the reference sequence of MTHFR gene, the polymorphic C >T was found to be matched with the registered mutation in NCBI data base. This study provides the first evidence for associations of MTHFR gene polymorphism with the risk of chronic myeloid leukemia in Sudanese patients. The C >T genotype of the rs 677 polymorphism in MTHFR gene may have a promoting effect on chronic myeloid leukemia.

Keywords: Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), DNA, PCR, RT-PCR, MTHFR
Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Caralluma Acutangula (Decne.) N.E.Br Extracts, a Medicinal Plant from Burkina Faso
Authors: Dramane Pare , Yhi-pênê N’do Jotham , Adama Hilou
Published: November 2019

Plants have always played an important role in health care in Africa. The stress, a situation of imbalance between oxidizing and antioxidant systems in favor of the prooxidants is responsible for the installation of several pathologies such as cancers, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes ... The objective of this study was to highlight the presence Secondary metabolites in C. acutangula extract and determine its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential.

For the determination of the acute toxicity of the extract, a dose of 2000 mg / kg was administered to the NMRI Mouse. The methods of screening were used to detect secondary metabolites like tannins, steroids and terpen, flavonoids, coumarins. The antioxidant capacity was evaluated in vitro by determining the ability of the extract to inhibit lipid peroxidation, hydrogen peroxide, degradation of deoxyribose. The anti-inflammatory potential was evaluated on lipoxygenase and xanthine oxidase. Acute toxicity evaluated in NMRI mice showed that the ethanolic extract of C. acutangula show no toxicity. Tannins, steroids and terpen, flavonoids, coumarins have been detected in the extracts. C. acutangula showed good activity with an inhibition of 50.71 ± 2.51% at 100 μg / ml on lipid peroxidation, of 66.105 ± 1.26% on deoxyribose degradation and 8.625 ± 1.09% on hydrogen peroxide. It showed good activity on xanthine oxidase with an 81.5 ± 5.5% inhibition. For the effect on lipoxygenase it gave an inhibition of the enzyme at 43.11 ± 3.4%. This potential could be used in the fight against inflammatory diseases and that due to oxidative stress.

Keywords: antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation
HPTLC method development and validation of stigmasterol from different extracts of Tagetes erecta and Capsicum annuum
Authors: Lal Mohal , Kadam Aboli , Padole Aishwarya S.
Published: November 2019

A new, simple, sensitive, selective, precise and robust high-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method for analysis of stigmasterol was developed and validated for the determination of stigmasterol in different extracts. A new, simple, sensitive, selective, precise and robust high-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method for analysis of stigmasterol was developed and validated for the determination of stigmasterol in different extracts. Analysis of stigmasterol was performed on TLC aluminium plates pre-coated with silica gel 60F-254 as the stationary phase. Linear ascending development was carried out in twin trough glass chamber saturated with mobile phase consisting of Hexane : Acetone (8:2 v/v) at room temperature. (25 °C ± 2 °C) Camag TLC scanner III was used for spectrodensitometric scanning and analysis in absorbance mode at 490nm. The system was found to give compact spots for stigmasterol. (Rf value of 0.44 ± 0.02) The linear regression analysis data for the calibration plots showed good linear relationship with r2 =0.9997 ± 0.0002 in the concentration range 200-1200 ng spot−1 with respect to peak area. According to the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines the method was validated for precision, recovery and robustness. Statistical analysis of the data showed that the method is reproducible and selective for the estimation of stigmasterol.

Keywords: Tagetes erecta, Capsicum annuum, stigmasterol, HPTLC, method validation
Investigation of the interaction of two parallel shifted cracks in plate bending adjusted for their closure
Authors: Dalyak Taras
Published: November 2019

The problem of interaction of two parallel shifted cracks in plate bending is considered. The cracks closure has been investigated in the classical two-dimensional statement, using the model of smooth contact along a line. The influence of the relative position of cracks and of the contact of their edges on the forces and moment intensity factors has been studied by the singular integral equations method.
Visit-to-Visit HbA1c Variability Is Associated With Cardiovascular Disease and Microvascular Complications in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Li Sheyu , Nemeth Imola , Donnelly Louise , Hapca Simona , Zhou Kaixin , Pearson Ewan R.
Published: November 2019

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the association between visit-to-visit HbA1c variability and cardiovascular events and microvascular complications in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

This retrospective cohort study analyzed patients from Tayside and Fife in the Scottish Care Information–Diabetes Collaboration (SCI-DC) who were observable from the diagnosis of diabetes and had at least five HbA1c measurements before the outcomes were evaluated. We used the previously reported HbA1c variability score (HVS), calculated as the percentage of the number of changes in HbA1c >0.5% (5.5 mmol/mol) among all HbA1c measurements within an individual. The association between HVS and 10 outcomes was assessed using Cox proportional hazards models.

RESULTS

We included 13,111–19,883 patients in the analyses of each outcome. The patients with HVS >60% were associated with elevated risks of all outcomes compared with the lowest quintile (for example, HVS >80 to ≤100 vs. HVS ≥0 to ≤20, hazard ratio 2.38 [95% CI 1.61–3.53] for major adverse cardiovascular events, 2.4 [1.72–3.33] for all-cause mortality, 2.4 [1.13–5.11] for atherosclerotic cardiovascular death, 2.63 [1.81–3.84] for coronary artery disease, 2.04 [1.12–3.73] for ischemic stroke, 3.23 [1.76–5.93] for heart failure, 7.4 [3.84–14.27] for diabetic retinopathy, 3.07 [2.23–4.22] for diabetic peripheral neuropathy, 5.24 [2.61–10.49] for diabetic foot ulcer, and 3.49 [2.47–4.95] for new-onset chronic kidney disease). Four sensitivity analyses, including adjustment for time-weighted average HbA1c, confirmed the robustness of the results.

CONCLUSIONS

Our study shows that higher HbA1c variability is associated with increased risks of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular events, and microvascular complications of diabetes independently of high HbA1c.
Plasma and Dietary Linoleic Acid and 3-Year Risk of Type 2 Diabetes After Myocardial Infarction: A Prospective Analysis in the Alpha Omega Cohort
Authors: Pertiwi Kamalita , Wanders Anne J. , Harbers Marjolein C. , Küpers Leanne K. , Soedamah-Muthu Sabita S. , de Goede Janette , Zock Peter L. , Geleijnse Johanna M.
Published: November 2019

OBJECTIVE

To study plasma and dietary linoleic acid (LA) in relation to type 2 diabetes risk in post–myocardial infarction (MI) patients.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We included 3,257 patients aged 60–80 years (80% male) with a median time since MI of 3.5 years from the Alpha Omega Cohort and who were initially free of type 2 diabetes. At baseline (2002–2006), plasma LA was measured in cholesteryl esters, and dietary LA was estimated with a 203-item food-frequency questionnaire. Incident type 2 diabetes was ascertained through self-reported physician diagnosis and medication use. Hazard ratios (with 95% CIs) were calculated by Cox regressions, in which dietary LA isocalorically replaced the sum of saturated (SFA) and trans fatty acids (TFA).

RESULTS

Mean ± SD circulating and dietary LA was 50.1 ± 4.9% and 5.9 ± 2.1% energy, respectively. Plasma and dietary LA were weakly correlated (Spearman r = 0.13, P < 0.001). During a median follow-up of 41 months, 171 patients developed type 2 diabetes. Plasma LA was inversely associated with type 2 diabetes risk (quintile [Q]5 vs. Q1: 0.44 [0.26, 0.75]; per 5%: 0.73 [0.62, 0.86]). Substitution of dietary LA for SFA+TFA showed no association with type 2 diabetes risk (Q5 vs. Q1: 0.78 [0.36, 1.72]; per 5% energy: 1.18 [0.59, 2.35]). Adjustment for markers of de novo lipogenesis attenuated plasma LA associations.

CONCLUSIONS

In our cohort of post-MI patients, plasma LA was inversely related to type 2 diabetes risk, whereas dietary LA was not related. Further research is needed to assess whether plasma LA indicates metabolic state rather than dietary LA in these patients.
Novel Biomarkers for Change in Renal Function in People With Dysglycemia
Authors: Gerstein Hertzel C. , Paré Guillaume , McQueen Matthew J. , Lee Shun Fu , Bangdiwala Shrikant I. , Kannt Aimo , Hess Sibylle
Published: November 2019

OBJECTIVE

Diabetes is a major risk factor for renal function decline and failure. The availability of multiplex panels of biochemical markers provides the opportunity to identify novel biomarkers that can better predict changes in renal function than routinely available clinical markers.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

The concentration of 239 biochemical markers was measured in stored serum from participants in the biomarker substudy of Outcome Reduction With Initial Glargine Intervention (ORIGIN) trial. Repeated-measures mixed-effects models were used to compute the annual change in eGFR (measured as mL/min/1.73 m2/year) for the 7,482 participants with a recorded baseline and follow-up eGFR. Linear regression models using forward selection were used to identify the independent biomarker determinants of the annual change in eGFR after accounting for baseline HbA1c, baseline eGFR, and routinely measured clinical risk factors. The incidence of the composite renal outcome (i.e., renal replacement therapy, renal death, renal failure, albuminuria progression, doubling of serum creatinine) and death within each fourth of change in eGFR predicted from these models was also estimated.

RESULTS

During 6.2 years of median follow-up, the median annual change in eGFR was −0.18 mL/min/1.73 m2/year. Fifteen biomarkers independently predicted eGFR decline after accounting for cardiovascular risk factors, as did 12 of these plus 1 additional biomarker after accounting for renal risk factors. Every 0.1 mL/min/1.73 m2 predicted annual fall in eGFR predicted a 13% (95% CI 12, 14%) higher mortality.

CONCLUSIONS

Adding up to 16 biomarkers to routinely measured clinical risk factors improves the prediction of annual change in eGFR in people with dysglycemia.