bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Paleobiology Database application programming interface
Authors: Peters Shanan E. , McClennen Michael
Published: December 2015

The Paleobiology Database (PBDB; https://paleobiodb.org) consists of geographically and temporally explicit, taxonomically identified fossil occurrence data. The taxonomy utilized by the PBDB is not static, but is instead dynamically generated using an algorithm applied to separately managed taxonomic authority and opinion data. The PBDB owes its existence to many individuals, some of whom have entered more than 1.26 million fossil occurrences and over 570,000 taxonomic opinions, and some of whom have developed and maintained supporting infrastructure and analysis tools. Here, we provide an overview of the data model currently used by the PBDB and then briefly describe how this model is exposed via an Application Programming Interface (API). Our objective is to outline how PBDB data can now be accessed within individual scientific workflows, used to develop independently managed educational and scientific applications, and accessed to forge dynamic, near real-time connections to other data resources.
Strontium isotopes and the long-term residency of thalattosuchians in the freshwater environment
Authors: Martin Jeremy E. , Deesri Uthumporn , Liard Romain , Wattanapituksakul Athiwat , Suteethorn Suravech , Lauprasert Komsorn , Tong Haiyan , Buffetaut Eric , Suteethorn Varavudh , Suan Guillaume , Telouk Philippe , Balter Vincent
Published: December 2015

Thalattosuchians are crocodylomorphs mainly known from marine strata of Early Jurassic to Early Cretaceous age. They represent the earliest crocodylomorph radiation to an aquatic habitat and their evolutionary history offers very few records from freshwater settings. Here, we report several exquisitely preserved thalattosuchian skulls attributed to a derived teleosaurid from a pedogenic horizon located at the base of a fluvial series of alternating silts and sandstones of the Phu Kradung Formation (Upper Jurassic) of northeastern Thailand. Using laser ablation multicollector inductively coupled mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS) on tooth enamel and dentine, we measured isotopic ratios of strontium (87Sr/86Sr) to test the habitat of these teleosaurids. In addition, Sr concentrations of the dental tissues were estimated from the calibrated signal intensities of the Sr isotope measurements. The dataset includes bioapatite (teeth or scales) of eight terrestrial and five aquatic vertebrates. Theropods exhibit lower Sr concentrations both in enamel and dentine compared to others groups, a pattern in accordance with the calcium biopurification process, which predicts that Sr concentrations in the body of vertebrates decrease up the trophic chain. It also excludes the possibility that diagenesis has completely overprinted the Sr isotope compositions of the fossil assemblage, which exhibits a homogeneous87Sr/86Sr signature above the Late Jurassic seawater value. Values for teleosaurid teeth are in the range of other values for vertebrates in the continental assemblage and imply that these crocodylomorphs did not migrate between freshwater and marine habitats at least in the time constraint of the mineralizing tooth. This result represents the first demonstration that a population of teleosaurids was established for a prolonged time in a freshwater environment. Whether the ability of teleosaurids to inhabit freshwater habitats is a secondary adaptation or whether it is plesiomorphic and inherited from freshwater ancestors is discussed.
Dietary iron concentration influences serum concentrations of manganese in rats consuming organic or inorganic sources of manganese
Authors: Zhang Huaiyong , Gilbert Elizabeth R. , Pan Shuqin , Zhang Keying , Ding Xuemei , Wang Jianping , Zeng Qiufeng , Bai Shiping
Published: December 2015

To determine the effects of dietary Fe concentration on Mn bioavailability in rats fed inorganic or organic Mn sources, fifty-four 22-d-old male rats were randomly assigned and fed a basal diet (2·63 mg Fe/kg) supplemented with 0 (low Fe (L-Fe)), 35 (adequate Fe (A-Fe)) or 175 (high Fe (H-Fe)) mg Fe/kg with 10 mg Mn/kg from MnSO4 or Mn–lysine chelate (MnLys). Tissues were harvested after 21 d of feeding. Serum Mn was greater (P<0·05) in MnLys rats than in MnSO4 rats, and in L-Fe rats than in A-Fe or H-Fe rats. Duodenal divalent metal transporter-1 (DMT1) mRNA was lower (P<0·05) in H-Fe rats than in A-Fe rats for the MnSO4 treatment; however, no significant difference was observed between them for MnLys. Liver DMT1 mRNA abundance was greater (P<0·05) in MnSO4 than in the MnLys group for H-Fe rats. The DMT1 protein in duodenum and liver and ferroportin 1 (FPN1) protein in liver was greater (P<0·05) in the MnSO4 group than in the MnLys group, and in L-Fe rats than in H-Fe rats. Duodenal FPN1 protein was greater (P<0·05) in L-Fe rats than in A-Fe rats for the MnLys treatment, but it was not different between them for the MnSO4 treatment. Results suggest that MnLys increased serum Mn concentration as compared with MnSO4 in rats irrespective of dietary Fe concentration, which was not because of the difference in DMT1 and FPN1 expression in the intestine and liver.
Is there a mismatch between who gets iron supplementation and who needs it? A cross-sectional study of iron supplements, iron deficiency anaemia and socio-economic status in Australia
Authors: Callander Emily J. , Schofield Deborah J.
Published: December 2015

Fe deficiency anaemia (IDA) is more prevalent in lower socio-economic groups; however, little is known about who actually receives Fe supplements. This paper aims to determine whether the groups most likely to have IDA are the most likely to be taking Fe supplements. Logistic regression analysis was conducted using the cross-sectional, nationally representative National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey and National Health Measures Survey. After adjusting for other factors, those whose main language spoken at home was not English had twice the odds of having IDA compared with those whose main language spoken at home was English (95 % CI 1·00, 4·32). Those who were not in the labour force also had twice the odds of having IDA as those who were employed (95 % CI 1·16, 3·41). Those in income quintile 1 had 3·7 times the odds of having IDA compared with those in income quintile 5 (95 % CI 1·42, 9·63). Those whose main language spoken at home was not English were significantly less likely to take Fe supplements (P=0·002) than those whose main language spoken at home was English. There was no significant difference in the likelihood of taking Fe supplements between those who were not in the labour force and those who were employed (P=0·618); between those who were in income quintile 1 and in higher income quintiles; and between males and females (P=0·854), after adjusting for other factors. There is a mismatch between those who are most in need of Fe supplements and those who currently receive them.
Yeast one-hybrid screening the potential regulator of CYP6B6 overexpression ofHelicoverpa armigeraunder 2-tridecanone stress
Authors: Zhao J. , Liu X.N. , Li F. , Zhuang S.Z. , Huang L.N. , Ma J. , Gao X.W.
Published: December 2015

In insect, the cytochrome P450 plays a pivotal role in detoxification to toxic allelochemicals.Helicoverpa armigeracan tolerate and survive in 2-tridecanone treatment owing to theCYP6B6responsive expression, which is controlled by some regulatory DNA sequences and transcription regulators. Therefore, the 2-tridecanone responsive region and transcription regulators of theCYP6B6are responsible for detoxification of cotton bollworm. In this study, we used yeast one-hybrid to screen two potential transcription regulators of theCYP6B6fromH. armigerathat respond to the plant secondary toxicant 2-tridecanone, which were named Prey1 and Prey2, respectively. According to the NCBI database blast, Prey1 is the homology with FK506 binding protein (FKBP) ofManduca sextaandBombyx morithat belongs to the FKBP-C superfamily, while Prey2 may be a homology of an unknown protein ofPapilioor the fcaL24 protein homology ofB. mori. The electrophoretic mobility shift assays revealed that the FKBP of prokaryotic expression could specifically bind to the active region of theCYP6B6promoter. After the 6th instar larvae ofH. armigerareared on 2-tridecanone artificial diet, we found there were similar patterns ofCYP6B6andFKBPexpression of the cotton bollworm treated with 10 mg g−12-tridecanone for 48 h, which correlation coefficient was the highest (0.923). Thus, the FKBP is identified as a strong candidate for regulation of the CYP6B6 expression, when the cotton bollworm is treated with 2-tridecanone. This may lead us to a better understanding of transcriptional mechanism ofCYP6B6and provide very useful information for the pest control.
Population dynamics and management of diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) in China: the relative contributions of climate, natural enemies and cropping patterns
Authors: Li Z. , Zalucki M.P. , Yonow T. , Kriticos D.J. , Bao H. , Chen H. , Hu Z. , Feng X. , Furlong M.J.
Published: December 2015

Diamondback moth or DBM is the major pest of Brassica vegetable production worldwide. Control has relied on insecticides, and DBM resistance to these compounds has evolved rapidly. We review and summarize data on DBM population dynamics across a large latitudinal gradient from southwest to northeast China: DBM is, on average, more common in southern locations than in northern locations. The species' phenology is consistent: in southern and central locations there is a decline during hot summer months, while in the north, the species can only exist in the summer following migrations from the south. A cohort-based discrete-time model, driven by daily maximum and minimum temperatures and rainfall, which was built using the DYMEX modelling software, captures the age-structured population dynamics of DBM at representative locations, with year round cropping and threshold-based insecticide applications. The scale of the simulated pest problem varies with cropping practices. Local production breaks and strict post-harvest crop hygiene are associated with lower DBM populations. Biological control appears to improve the management of DBM. Of the management strategies explored, non-threshold based applications of insecticides with reduced spray efficacy (due to poor application or resistance) appear the least effective. The model simulates the phenology and abundance patterns in the population dynamics across the climatic gradient in China reasonably well. With planned improvements, and backed by a system of field sampling and weather inputs, it should serve well as a platform for a local pest forecast system, spanning the range of DBM in China, and perhaps elsewhere.
Informational Content of Options Trading on Acquirer Announcement Return
Authors: Chan Konan , Ge Li , Lin Tse-Chun
Published: December 2015

This study examines the informational content of options trading on acquirer announcement returns. We show that implied volatility spread predicts positively on the cumulative abnormal return (CAR), and implied volatility skew predicts negatively on the CAR. The predictability is much stronger around actual merger and acquisition (M&A) announcement days, as compared with pseudo-event days. The prediction is weaker if pre-M&A stock price has incorporated part of the information, but stronger if the acquirer’s options trading is more liquid. Finally, we find that a higher relative trading volume of options to stock predicts higher absolute CARs. The relation also exists among the target firms.
Climate-induced abortion and predation: reproductive success of the pioneer shrubDillenia suffruticosain Malaysian Borneo
Authors: Tokumoto Yuji , Nakagawa Michiko
Published: December 2015

In South-East Asian tropical plants, the excess production of reproductive organs is believed to be controlled by resource booms. However, the continuously flowering shrubDillenia suffruticosa(Dilleniaceae) is often infested by fruit predators and occasionally produces fruits where mature seeds are absent. These reproductive features may support an alternative hypothesis for excess production of reproductive organs: the reproductive assurance hypothesis. We marked 1190 reproductive organs in 180 inflorescences of 41 plant individuals and examined the relationships among the reproductive organ features and the effects of both climate and predators. During the flower budding stage, the fate of reproductive organs was primary climate-induced. The percentage of flower/fruit abscission increased as the cumulative temperature and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) decreased and the cumulative precipitation increased, supporting the resource boom hypothesis. Insect predation was the most common fate of immature fruits. As PAR increased, the prevalence of insect predation and production of mature seed increased. At a reduced PAR, the production of fruits with many immature seeds could serve as compensatory reproductive organs for insect predators, consistent with the reproductive assurance hypothesis. The excess production of reproductive organs might be a result of adaptation to climate fluctuations in the South-East Asian tropics.
Analysing Istanbul Strait Maritime Pilot Capacity by Simulation Technique
Authors: Ucan Emre , Nas Selcuk
Published: December 2015

Nautical services should be allocated efficiently as they have great resource costs. In this paper, the Marine Pilotage Service in the Istanbul Strait has been analysed by using Rockwell Arena Simulation Software. The purpose of the study is to find the required number of marine pilots for vessel traffic flow in the Istanbul Strait. It is evaluated thoroughly by a stochastic, dynamic, discrete simulation for safe service standards in pilotage. The result of the paper shows that discrete simulation technique is an efficient and reliable way of solving complex techno-nautical service allocation problems as proven by experts. As the discrete simulation result data shows, most other techno-nautical services can also be modelled and optimised by using similar techniques. Areas like optimisation of the number of pilots, tugs, resource allocation problems, berthing area selections and many more complex and inherently stochastic problems can be reliably solved by simulation experiments.
Early Navigation in the North Sea – The Use of the Lead and Line and other Navigation Methods
Authors: Kemp John , D'Olier Brian
Published: December 2015

Every sailor, at the back of his or her mind, is aware that the nearest land is likely to be directly beneath the ship's keel and he or she is interested to know just how near. For over two thousand years, mariners measured depth of water by using a sounding rod in shallow areas and the lead and line in deeper water. This paper considers how, during the “Dark Ages”, sailors in the North Sea might have navigated, including the use of sounding rods and lead lines for way-finding during a time when no other navigational instruments were available. Because of the lack of contemporary records the authors firstly consider the use of depth finding in earlier and later times to shed light on how the early North Sea sailors might have operated. The latter part of this paper takes account of the earlier discussion, together with some records of North Sea voyaging, to suggest how “Dark Age” sailors might have used sounding rods, the lead and line, and other techniques to navigate around and across the North Sea.
Performance Assessment of BDS and GPS/BDS Velocity Estimation with Stand-alone Receiver
Authors: Zheng Kai , Tang Long
Published: December 2015

Accurate velocity estimates are critical in highly dynamic positioning, airborne gravimetry, and geophysics applications. This paper focuses on the evaluation of the performance of velocity estimation using the BeiDou navigation satellite system (BDS) alone and integrated Global Positioning System (GPS)/BDS. Firstly, we analyse and compare the position-derivation method and analytical method which are used to calculate BDS satellite velocity from broadcast ephemeris. Results show that the accuracy of the estimated velocity by position-derivation method can be within 1 mm/s and better than that of the analytical method. Secondly, velocity estimation tests were carried out both in static and kinematic modes. The results show that: 1) the accuracy of BDS velocity estimation is in the same order of magnitude to that of GPS; 2) Compared with a single navigation system, the stability and accuracy of velocity estimation can be remarkably improved by integrated GPS/BDS, especially under conditions of poor observation; 3) Compared with Helmert variance component estimation, it is more appropriate and efficient to assign the weights of different types of observations using equivalent weight ratio. Finally, the ionospheric influence on velocity estimation with single-frequency observations can reach several mm/s; this influence can be significantly mitigated by using ionosphere-free combination observations.
Outbreak ofListeria monocytogenesinfections linked to a pasteurized ice cream product served to hospitalized patients
Authors: RIETBERG K. , LLOYD J. , MELIUS B. , WYMAN P. , TREADWELL R. , OLSON G. , KANG M.-G. , DUCHIN J. S.
Published: December 2015

Two cases of hospital-acquired listeriosis were linked to a commercially produced, pasteurized ice cream mix. Manufacturers should implement safety measures from the Food Safety Modernization Act to minimize the risk ofListeriacontamination. Dietary guidelines for persons at high risk of listeriosis may need revision to recognize the potential risk from pasteurized products.
Evolving epidemiology of reported cryptosporidiosis cases in the United States, 1995–2012
Authors: PAINTER J. E. , GARGANO J. W. , YODER J. S. , COLLIER S. A. , HLAVSA M. C.
Published: December 2015

Cryptosporidiumis the leading aetiology of waterborne disease outbreaks in the United States. This report briefly describes the temporal and geographical distribution of US cryptosporidiosis cases and presents analyses of cryptosporidiosis case data reported in the United States for 1995–2012. The Cochran–Armitage test was used to assess changes in the proportions of cases by case status (confirmedvs.non-confirmed), sex, race, and ethnicity over the study period. Negative binomial regression models were used to estimate rate ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for comparing rates across three time periods (1995–2004, 2005–2008, 2009–2012). The proportion of confirmed cases significantly decreased (P< 0·0001), and a crossover from male to female predominance in case-patients occurred (P< 0·0001). Overall, compared to 1995–2004, rates were higher in 2005–2008 (RR 2·92, 95% CI 2·08–4·09) and 2009–2012 (RR 2·66, 95% CI 1·90–3·73). However, rate changes from 2005–2008 to 2009–2012 varied by age group (Pinteraction< 0·0001): 0–14 years (RR 0·55, 95% CI 0·42–0·71), 15–44 years (RR 0·99, 95% CI 0·82–1·19), 45–64 years (RR 1·47, 95% CI 1·21–1·79) and ⩾65 years (RR 2·18, 95% CI 1·46–3·25). The evolving epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis necessitates further identification of risk factors in population subgroups. Adding systematic molecular typing ofCryptosporidiumspecimens to US national cryptosporidiosis surveillance would help further identify risk factors and markedly expand understanding of cryptosporidiosis epidemiology in the United States.
Ultra-processed food purchases in Norway: a quantitative study on a representative sample of food retailers
Authors: Solberg Siri Løvsjø , Terragni Laura , Granheim Sabrina Ionata
Published: December 2015

Objective

To identify the use of ultra-processed foods – vectors of salt, sugar and fats – in the Norwegian diet through an assessment of food sales.

Design

Sales data from a representative sample of food retailers in Norway, collected in September 2005 (n150) and September 2013 (n170), were analysed. Data consisted of barcode scans of individual food item purchases, reporting type of food, price, geographical region and retail concept. Foods were categorized as minimally processed, culinary ingredients, processed products and ultra-processed. Indicators were share of purchases and share of expenditure on food categories.

Setting

Six geographical regions in Norway.

Subjects

The barcode data included 296 121 observations in 2005 and 501 938 observations in 2013.

Results

Ultra-processed products represented 58·8 % of purchases and 48·8 % of expenditure in 2013. Minimally processed foods accounted for 17·2 % of purchases and 33·0 % of expenditure. Every third purchase was a sweet ultra-processed product. Food sales changed marginally in favour of minimally processed foods and in disfavour of processed products between 2005 and 2013 (χ2(3)=203 195,P<0·001, Cramer’sV=0·017,P<0·001).

Conclusions

Ultra-processed products accounted for the majority of food sales in Norway, indicating a high consumption of such products. This could be contributing to rising rates of overweight, obesity and non-communicable diseases in the country, as findings from other countries indicate. Policy measures should aim at decreasing consumption of ultra-processed products and facilitating access (including economic) to minimally processed foods.
Effects and Interactions
Authors: Rudas Tamás
Published: December 2015

Abstract. If association and causation are different, as indeed they are, then it is not immediate that their strengths should be measured by the same quantities, as current practice does. This paper gives a few reasons why even effects need to be measured not one, but in several different ways. It is argued, what seems obvious but not reflected upon in current practice, that the research or policy question and the mode of data collection should determine the choice of the measure used. In particular, a measure of effect which avoids Simpson’s paradox, the cross sum ratio, is discussed and compared to the cross product ratio. The results illustrate the need for further research to understand how effects should be measured in different situations.
High-Resolution Tools Advance Study of Paleoclimate Archives
Authors: Orland Ian , Valley John , Kita Noriko
Published: December 2015

HiRes2015: High Resolution Proxies of Paleoclimate; Madison, Wisconsin, 31 May to 3 June 2015
Scientific Ocean Drilling Charts a New Course
Authors: Humphris Susan , Koppers Anthony
Published: December 2015

The International Ocean Discovery Program plans drilling expeditions for 2016 and 2017 while increasing efficiencies in ship scheduling and operations.
Cassak, Ehlmann, Heald, Jackson, and Maher Receive 2015 James B. Macelwane Medals
Authors:   AGU
Published: December 2015

Paul Cassak, Bethany List Ehlmann, Colette L. Heald, Matt Jackson, and Kate Maher were awarded the 2015 James B. Macelwane Medal at the American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting Honors Ceremony, held on 16 December 2015 in San Francisco, Calif. The medal is for "significant contributions to the geophysical sciences by an outstanding early career scientist."
Toward a Global Water Quality Observing and Forecasting System
Authors: Dekker Arnold , Schaeffer Blake , Greb Steve
Published: December 2015

Group on Earth Observations Water Quality Summit; Geneva, Switzerland, 20–22 April 2015
Invest in Scientific Research to Drive Innovation
Authors: Peters Senator Gary
Published: December 2015

A U.S. senator from Michigan implores his colleagues to increase funding for scientific research that will transform the economy and enhance competitiveness in the global market.
Arctic Report Card Highlights Profound Regional Changes
Authors: Showstack Randy
Published: December 2015

The annual assessment focuses on changes to sea ice, snow cover, temperature, and other indicators. Scientists say that changes in the Arctic also affect climate globally.
NSF Director Cautions Against Politicizing Science
Authors: Showstack Randy
Published: December 2015

France Córdova says that elected officials are generally supportive of science and technology but that the political environment can be challenging.
Plasmonic nanostructures for surface enhanced spectroscopic methods
Authors: Jahn Martin , Patze Sophie , Hidi Izabella J. , Knipper Richard , Radu Andreea I. , Mühlig Anna , Yüksel Sezin , Peksa Vlastimil , Weber Karina , Mayerhöfer Thomas , Cialla-May Dana , Popp Jürgen
Published: December 2015

The development within the last five years in the field of surface enhanced spectroscopy methods was comprehensively reviewed.
Making the invisible visible: improved electrospray ion formation of metalloporphyrins/-phthalocyanines by attachment of the formate anion (HCOO−)
Authors: Hitzenberger Jakob Felix , Dammann Claudia , Lang Nina , Lungerich Dominik , García-Iglesias Miguel , Bottari Giovanni , Torres Tomás , Jux Norbert , Drewello Thomas
Published: December 2015

Addition of formate anions enables efficient ESI MS analysis of divalent metalloporphyrins/phthalocyanines.
Metal-exchangeable macrocycles: from a bismetallo–Ru2/Zn triangle to a Ru2/Fe triangular assembly
Authors: Liu Die , Yang Xiaoyu , Li Yiming , Wang Pingshan
Published: December 2015

Ru2/Zn and Ru2/Fe based bismetallo–organic triangles had been prepared from a predesigned metallo–organic ligand possessing two uncomplexed free terpyridines. A quantitative coordination constant controlled metallo-transformation from a Ru2Zn to a Ru2Fe triangle had been established through an in situ site to site procedure at room temperature.
Ferrocene-containing non-interlocked molecular machines
Authors: Scottwell Synøve Ø. , Crowley James D.
Published: December 2015

Ferrocene is chemically robust and readily functionalized which enables its facile incorporation into more complex molecular systems. This coupled with ferrocene's reversible redox properties and ability to function as a “molecular ball bearing” has led to the use of ferrocene as a component in wide range of non-interlocked synthetic molecular machine systems.
Cyclopropane formation under frustrated Lewis pair conditions
Authors: Krupski Sergei , Kehr Gerald , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Erker Gerhard
Published: December 2015

Reaction of the –CH2OSiMe3 substituted allyldimesitylphosphane with HB(C6F5)2 resulted in a hydroboration/(C6F5)2BOSiMe3 elimination sequence to give the phosphinomethyl substituted cyclopropane derivative, probably via a phosphiranium type intermediate.
A triple-function nanotube as a reactant reservoir, reaction platform, and byproduct scavenger for photo-cyclopropanation
Authors: Kim Jeong Gyun , Noh Tae Hwan , Cho Yoonjung , Park Jin Kyoon , Jung Ok-Sang
Published: December 2015

The advanced-concept triple-functionality of a metal–organic nanotube (MONT), which acts as a reservoir for unstable reactants, a platform for photoreaction, and a scavenger for byproduct iodine, is examined.
Evaluation of iron-based electrocatalysts for water oxidation – an on-line mass spectrometry approach
Authors: Kottrup Konstantin G. , Hetterscheid Dennis G. H.
Published: December 2015

Using on-line mass spectrometry in combination with classical electroanalytical techniques makes it possible to reliably determine onset potentials and to distinguish between competing reactions such as oxygen evolution and carbon dioxide formation.
Inclusion complexes of Cethyl-2-methylresorcinarene and pyridine N-oxides: breaking the C–I⋯−O–N+ halogen bond by host–guest complexation
Authors: Puttreddy Rakesh , Beyeh Ngong Kodiah , Rissanen Kari
Published: December 2015

Cethyl-2-Methylresorcinarene and aromatic N-oxides manifest host–guest chemistry by C–H⋯π interactions and halogen bonding; the C–I⋯−O–N+ halogen bond with 2-iodopyridine N-oxide is broken by the in-cavity C–I⋯π interactions.
Topological definition of ring currents
Authors: Lazzeretti Paolo
Published: December 2015

A definition of ring currents in a velocity vector field is proposed according to topological criteria: ring currents are axial vortices confined in, or rotating beyond, a separatrix, i.e., the boundary which marks the limits of the vortex.
A very rapid electronic relaxation process in a highly conjugated Zn(ii)porphyrin–[26]hexaphyrin–Zn(ii)porphyrin hybrid tape
Authors: Lee Sangsu , Mori Hirotaka , Lee Taegon , Lim Manho , Osuka Atsuhiro , Kim Dongho
Published: December 2015

We demonstrate that the electronic deactivation overtakes the vibrational relaxation processes in the energy relaxation processes from the initially excited vibronic state manifolds in highly conjugated molecular systems.
Temperature-induced 1D lanthanide polymeric frameworks based on Lnn (n = 2, 2, 4, 6) cores: synthesis, crystal structures and luminescence properties
Authors: Li Jia-Jia , Fan Ting-Ting , Qu Xiang-Long , Han Hong-Liang , Li Xia
Published: December 2015

1D lanthanide polymeric frameworks were synthesized. White-light emission by two-/three-component complexes was realized. A Eu(iii)-complex could detect nitrobenzene and Ni2+ ion via a fluorescence quenching mechanism.
Correction: Photosynthetic production of ethanol from carbon dioxide in genetically engineered cyanobacteria
Authors: Gao Zhengxu , Zhao Hui , Li Zhimin , Tan Xiaoming , Lu Xuefeng
Published: December 2015

Correction for ‘Photosynthetic production of ethanol from carbon dioxide in genetically engineered cyanobacteria’ by Zhengxu Gao et al., Energy Environ. Sci., 2012, 5, 9857–9865.
Correction: Selective CO production by Au coupled ZnTe/ZnO in the photoelectrochemical CO2 reduction system
Authors: Jang Youn Jeong , Jang Ji-Wook , Lee Jaehyuk , Kim Ju Hun , Kumagai Hiromu , Lee Jinwoo , Minegishi Tsutomu , Kubota Jun , Domen Kazunari , Lee Jae Sung
Published: December 2015

Correction for ‘Selective CO production by Au coupled ZnTe/ZnO in the photoelectrochemical CO2 reduction system’ by Youn Jeong Jang et al., Energy Environ. Sci., 2015, 8, 3597–3604.
Ozone production chemistry in the presence of urban plumes
Authors: Brune W. H. , Baier B. C. , Thomas J. , Ren X. , Cohen R. C. , Pusede S. E. , Browne E. C. , Goldstein A. H. , Gentner D. R. , Keutsch F. N. , Thornton J. A. , Harrold S. , Lopez-Hilfiker F. D. , Wennberg P. O.
Published: December 2015

Ozone pollution affects human health, especially in urban areas on hot sunny days. Its basic photochemistry has been known for decades and yet it is still not possible to correctly predict the high ozone levels that are the greatest threat. The CalNex_SJV study in Bakersfield CA in May/June 2010 provided an opportunity to examine ozone photochemistry in an urban area surrounded by agriculture. The measurement suite included hydroxyl (OH), hydroperoxyl (HO2), and OH reactivity, which are compared with the output of a photochemical box model. While the agreement is generally within combined uncertainties, measured HO2far exceeds modeled HO2in NOx-rich plumes. OH production and loss do not balance as they should in the morning, and the ozone production calculated with measured HO2is a decade greater than that calculated with modeled HO2when NO levels are high. Calculated ozone production using measured HO2is twice that using modeled HO2, but this difference in calculated ozone production has minimal impact on the assessment of NOx-sensitivity or VOC-sensitivity for midday ozone production. Evidence from this study indicates that this important discrepancy is not due to the HO2measurement or to the sampling of transported plumes but instead to either emissions of unknown organic species that accompany the NO emissions or unknown photochemistry involving nitrogen oxides and hydrogen oxides, possibly the hypothesized reaction OH + NO + O2→ HO2+ NO2.
Strontium speciation in archaeological otoliths
Authors: Cook Phil K. , Dufour Elise , Languille Marie-Angélique , Mocuta Cristian , Réguer Solenn , Bertrand Loïc
Published: December 2015

Synchrotron micro-scale X-ray absorption measurements and a mapping approach reveal homogeneous strontium chemical environment in archaeological and modern fish otoliths.
Femtosecond and nanosecond LIBS studies of nitroimidazoles: correlation between molecular structure and LIBS data
Authors: Rao E. Nageswara , Mathi P. , Kalam S. Abdul , Sreedhar S. , Singh Ajay K. , Jagatap B. N. , Rao S. Venugopal
Published: December 2015

Left: Correlation of LIBS molecular and atomic intensities with oxygen balance. Right: Variation in CN/C2 ratio versus oxygen balance for seven nitroimidazoles.
Donor–acceptor type polymers containing the 2,3-bis(2-pyridyl)-5,8-dibromoquinoxaline acceptor and different thiophene donors: electrochemical, spectroelectrochemistry and electrochromic properties
Authors: Chen Shuang , Zhang Di , Wang Min , Kong Lingqian , Zhao Jinsheng
Published: December 2015

Three D–A type polymers were prepared, which showed desirable color switches, high optical contrasts, fast response time, and high color efficiency.
Facile synthesis of hybrid nanorods with the Sb2Se3/AgSbSe2 heterojunction structure for high performance photodetectors
Authors: Chen Shuo , Qiao Xvsheng , Wang Fengxia , Luo Qun , Zhang Xianghua , Wan Xia , Xu Yang , Fan Xianping
Published: December 2015

An effective colloidal process involving the hot-injection method is used to synthesize hybrid nanorods with the Sb2Se3/AgSbSe2 heterojunction structure. The photodetector based on the Sb2Se3/AgSbSe2 hybrid nanorod film displayed the excellent photoresponse characteristics.
Fast water channeling across carbon nanotubes in far infrared terahertz electric fields
Authors: Zhang Qi-Lin , Yang Rong-Yao , Jiang Wei-Zhou , Huang Zi-Qian
Published: December 2015

Using molecular dynamics simulations, we demonstrate that the water channeling across single-walled carbon nanotubes can greatly be affected by the terahertz electric field through the resonant mechanisms induced by various vortical modes in a broad frequency range.
Growth of multiple WS2/SnS layered semiconductor heterojunctions
Authors: Browning Robert , Plachinda Paul , Padigi Prasanna , Solanki Raj , Rouvimov Sergei
Published: December 2015

Both WS2and SnS are 2-dimensional, van der Waals semiconductors, but with different crystal structures.
A metal-free yne-addition/1,4-aryl migration/decarboxylation cascade reaction of alkynoates with Csp3–H centers
Authors: Kong De-Long , Cheng Liang , Wu Hong-Ru , Li Yang-Xiong , Wang Dong , Liu Li
Published: December 2015

Reactions of alkynoates with different types of radical precursors under metal-free conditions affording single-site-addition poly-substituted alkenes were reported.
Smart block copolymers of PVP and an alkylated PVP derivative: synthesis, characterization, thermoresponsive behaviour and self-assembly
Authors: Giliomee Johnel , Pfukwa Rueben , Gule Nonjabulo P. , Klumperman Bert
Published: December 2015

Stimuli responsive block copolymers of biocompatible poly(3-ethyl-N-vinylpyrrolidone) and poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone), i.e. EPVP–PVP, were readily synthesized via RAFT-mediated polymerization.
An ultra-narrow bandgap derived from thienoisoindigo polymers: structural influence on reducing the bandgap and self-organization
Authors: Hasegawa Tsukasa , Ashizawa Minoru , Hiyoshi Junya , Kawauchi Susumu , Mei Jianguo , Bao Zhenan , Matsumoto Hidetoshi
Published: December 2015

Six conjugated polymers based on thienoisoindigo (TII) and thiophene-flanked diketopyrrolopyrrole (TDPP) units bearing either branched-alkyl or siloxane-terminated alkyl solubilizing groups have been synthesized.
Synthesis of highly refractive and highly fluorescent rigid cyanuryl polyimines with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pendants
Authors: Kotaki T. , Nishimura N. , Ozawa M. , Fujimori A. , Muraoka H. , Ogawa S. , Korenaga T. , Suzuki E. , Oishi Y. , Shibasaki Y.
Published: December 2015

A series of rigid cyanuryl polyimines, polyguanamines (PGs) bearing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pendants were successfully synthesized from 2-substituted 4,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine and aromatic diamine monomers.
Ultrathin free-standing polymer membranes with chemically responsive luminescence via consecutive photopolymerizations
Authors: Bian Hang , Yang Jiming , Zhang Ning , Wang Qiliao , Liang Yongjiu , Dong Dewen
Published: December 2015

A facile and general strategy for the preparation of chemically responsive ultrathin free-standing polymer membranes is demonstrated via UV-induced photopolymerizations.
Metal ion binding properties of a bimodal triazolyl-functionalized calix[4]arene on a multi-array microcantilever system. Synthesis, fluorescence and DFT computation studies
Authors: Alodhayb Abdullah N. , Braim Mona , Beaulieu L. Y. , Valluru Gopikishore , Rahman Shofiur , Oraby Ahmed K. , Georghiou Paris E.
Published: December 2015

A bimodal calix[4]arene functionalized with triazolyl-linked anthracenyl and 3-propylthioacetate groups is described.
Utilisation of tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane as a gas carrier in microalgal cultivation to enhance CO2utilisation and biomass production
Authors: Sun Zhong-Liang , Xue Sheng-Zhang , Yan Cheng-hu , Cong Wei , Kong De-Zhu
Published: December 2015

CO2supplementation is usually a limiting factor in microalgal culture systems, especially when flue gases are used as the carbon source.
Immune compatible cystine-functionalized superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles as vascular contrast agents in ultrasonography
Authors: Dolci Sara , Domenici Valentina , Vidili Gianpaolo , Orecchioni Marco , Bandiera Pasquale , Madeddu Roberto , Farace Cristiano , Peana Massimiliano , Tiné Maria Rosaria , Manetti Roberto , Sgarrella Francesco , Delogu Lucia Gemma
Published: December 2015

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have been investigated for biomedical applications.
Petunidin as a competitive inhibitor of acylated homoserine lactones in Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Gopu Venkadesaperumal , Meena Chetan Kumar , Murali Ayaluru , Shetty Prathapkumar Halady
Published: December 2015

Most of the bacterial species communicate with each other through a mechanism called Quorum Sensing (QS) to regulate their phenotypic characteristics.
Toward bandgap tunable graphene oxide nanoribbons by plasma-assisted reduction and defect restoration at low temperature
Authors: Chiang Wei-Hung , Lin Ting-Chun , Li Yan-Sheng , Yang Yu-Jhe , Pei Zingway
Published: December 2015

A low temperature plasma-assisted reduction to engineer the optical bandgaps of graphene oxide nanoribbons (GONRs) has been demonstrated.
Facile synthesis of heavily-substituted alkynylpyridines via a Sonogashira approach
Authors: Kelgokmen Yilmaz , Zora Metin
Published: December 2015

A robust synthesis of highly-substituted alkynylpyridinesviaa Sonogashira approach is described, providing a library of functionalized pyridines for biological studies.
Theoretical exploration of seleno and tellurophenols as promising alternatives to sulfur ligands for anchoring to gold (111) materials
Authors: Miranda-Rojas Sebastián , Salazar-Molina Richard , Kästner Johannes , Arratia-Pérez Ramiro , Mendizábal Fernando
Published: December 2015

Selenium and tellurium ligands are proposed as improved alternatives to sulfur ligands as a new strategy to anchor functional molecules to gold based materials.
Development of ternary iron vanadium oxide semiconductors for applications in photoelectrochemical water oxidation
Authors: Mandal Harahari , Shyamal Sanjib , Hajra Paramita , Bera Aparajita , Sariket Debasis , Kundu Sukumar , Bhattacharya Chinmoy
Published: December 2015

Herein, we report the synthesis and photoelectrochemical characterizations of n-type Fe–V-oxide semiconductors thin film via drop cast method in different proportions onto indium tin oxide coated glass followed by annealing in air at 500 °C for 3 h.
Modulation of catalytic functionality of alkaline phosphatase induced by semiconductor quantum dots: evidence of substrate-mediated protection
Authors: Ghosh Debasmita , Roy Chandra Nath , Mondal Somrita , Kundu Somashree , Maiti Susmita , Bag Prasanta Kumar , Saha Abhijit
Published: December 2015

Modulation of catalytic functionality of alkaline phosphatase induced by semiconductor quantum dots: evidence of substrate-mediated protection.
Thermal bursting ionization for ambient mass spectrometry
Authors: Pei Jiying , Yu Kefu , Wang Yinghui
Published: December 2015

Ambient ionization source, thermal bursting ionization (TBI), was characterized for complex liquid sample analysis with mass spectrometry.
3D printing of Al2O3 photonic crystals for terahertz frequencies
Authors: Tubío Carmen R. , Nóvoa José A. , Martín Jorge , Guitián Francisco , Salgueiro José R. , Gil Alvaro
Published: December 2015

A simple 3D printing technique is used to fabricate three-dimensional photonic crystals made of Al2O3 and intended to be functional for terahertz frequencies. The process is completed by a thermal sintering to obtain compact structures.
Structural analysis of ginseng polysaccharides extracted by EDTA solution
Authors: Zheng Yan , Yang Guang , Zhao Zihan , Guo Te , Shi Huimin , Zhou Yifa , Sun Lin
Published: December 2015

Polysaccharides extracted from Panax ginseng by EDTA solution are composed of both starch-like glucan and pectin.
Greener synthesis and characterization, antimicrobial and cytotoxicity studies of gold nanoparticles of novel shapes and sizes
Authors: Osonga Francis J. , Yazgan Idris , Kariuki Victor , Luther David , Jimenez Apryl , Le Phuong , Sadik Omowunmi A.
Published: December 2015

We hereby present a novel approach for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using water soluble, naturally-derived flavonoids.
Cationic surfactant assisted synthesis of poly o-methoxy aniline (PoMA) hollow spheres and their self healing performance
Authors: Siva T. , Sathiyanarayanan S.
Published: December 2015

Hollow microspheres of poly(o-methoxy aniline) (PoMA) were prepared in a solution of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) using ammonium persulfate (APS) as oxidant.
Experimental investigation of heat transfer performance and frictional loss of functionalized GNP-based water coolant in a closed conduit flow
Authors: Solangi K. H. , Amiri Ahmad , Luhur M. R. , Akbari Ghavimi Soheila Ali , Kazi S. N. , Badarudin A. , Mohd Zubir Mohd Nashrul
Published: December 2015

The convective heat transfer coefficient and friction factor of trimethylolpropane tris[poly(propylene glycol), amine terminated] ether-treated graphene nanoplatelet-based water coolants are investigated.
Adsorption of toxic acidic dye from aqueous solution onto diethylenetriamine functionalized magnetic glycidyl methacrylate-N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide
Authors: Elwakeel K. Z. , El-Bindary A. A. , El-Sonbati A. Z. , Hawas A. R.
Published: December 2015

Magnetic sorbent microgranules with magnetite (Fe3O4) core and glycidyl methacrylate/N,N′​-methylenebisacrylamide shell were prepared. The sorbent was tested for Acid Yellow 99 dye removal from aqueous solution.
Potential anti-MDR agents based on the podophyllotoxin scaffold: synthesis and antiproliferative activity evaluation against chronic myeloid leukemia cells by activating MAPK signaling pathways
Authors: Zhang Lei , Zhang Zeguo , Wang Jing , Chen Yongzheng , Chen Fan , Lin Ya , Zhu Xinling
Published: December 2015

Compound 9k exhibited excellent cytotoxicity, induced apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest, downregulated Pgp expression and up-regulated the expression of p-ERK1/2, p-JNK and p-p38 in K562/ADR cells.
Plant opal-mimetic bunching silica nanoparticles mediated by long-chain polyethyleneimine
Authors: Hoshino Tomomi , Sato Kanako , Oaki Yuya , Sugawara-Narutaki Ayae , Shimizu Katsuhiko , Ozaki Noriaki , Imai Hiroaki
Published: December 2015

Plant opal-mimetic structures of bunching silica nanoparticles were produced through polymer-mediated polycondensation of hydrolyzed silicate species in a matrix of long-chain branched polyethyleneimine.
Solid-solution alloying of immiscible metals at the nanoscale: Ir and Au
Authors: Park Sun Hwa , Park Hyun Min , Han Sang Soo , Han Sang Yun , Song Jae Yong
Published: December 2015

A solid solution alloy of Ir–Au, theoretically predicted to be an excellent catalyst, equivalent to Pt, has been experimentally synthesized.
Efficient red light photo-uncaging of active molecules in water upon assembly into nanoparticles
Authors: Carling Carl-Johan , Olejniczak Jason , Foucault-Collet Alexandra , Collet Guillaume , Viger Mathieu L. , Nguyen Huu Viet Anh , Duggan Brendan M. , Almutairi Adah
Published: December 2015

One-photon red visible light-responsive photocage–drug conjugate nanoparticles dissolve and release free drug upon irradiation.
Optical control of neuronal activity using a light-operated GIRK channel opener (LOGO)
Authors: Barber David M. , Schönberger Matthias , Burgstaller Jessica , Levitz Joshua , Weaver C. David , Isacoff Ehud Y. , Baier Herwig , Trauner Dirk
Published: December 2015

We describe the development of the photoswitchable agonist LOGO, which activates GIRK channels in the dark and is rapidly deactivated upon exposure to long wavelength UV irradiation. LOGO can be used to optically silence action potential firing in dissociated hippocampal neurons and exhibits activity in vivo, controlling the motility of zebrafish larvae in a light-dependent fashion.
Highly efficient and stable quasi-solid-state quantum dot-sensitized solar cells based on a superabsorbent polyelectrolyte
Authors: Feng Wenliang , Li Yan , Du Jun , Wang Wei , Zhong Xinhua
Published: December 2015

A novel gel electrolyte based on a superabsorbent polyelectrolyte, sodium polyacrylate (PAAS), was developed to construct quasi-solid-state QDSCs, achieving a similar PCE to liquid-junction QDSCs but better stability.
Nanotechnology solutions to restore antibiotic activity
Authors: Shimanovich U. , Gedanken A.
Published: December 2015

This review focuses on the development of nanoparticle systems that enables to enhance and restore the antibiotic activity for drug-resistant organisms.
Self-assembled micelles of PEG–poly(disulfide carbamate amine) copolymers for intracellular dual-responsive drug delivery
Authors: Lin Chao , Lou Bo , Zhao Jie , Jin Rong , Zhao Peng , Li Jianbo , Ren Jie
Published: December 2015

Self-assembled nanomicelles based on biodegradable poly(carbamate) copolymers are applicable for pH and redox dual-responsive release of doxorubicin (Dox) and cancer chemotherapy.
Eliminating Fermi-level pinning in PbS quantum dots using an alumina interfacial layer
Authors: Bloom Brian P. , Mendis Madu N. , Wierzbinski Emil , Waldeck David H.
Published: December 2015

Through a systematic approach we show that the insertion of a thin alumina layer in between a PbS QD layer and an Au substrate can eliminate Fermi level pinning.
Extremely rapid and simple healing of a transparent conductor based on Ag nanowires and polyurethane with a Diels–Alder network
Authors: Pyo Kyoung-hee , Lee Da Hee , Kim Youngmin , Kim Jong-Woong
Published: December 2015

A transparent electrode comprising Ag nanowires and a polyurethane equipped with Diels–Alder adducts as crosslinkers was successfully fabricated to realize a rapidly amendable electrode.
Correction: Printable and flexible electronics: from TFTs to bioelectronic devices
Authors: Magliulo M. , Mulla M. Y. , Singh M. , Macchia E. , Tiwari A. , Torsi L. , Manoli K.
Published: December 2015

Correction for ‘Printable and flexible electronics: from TFTs to bioelectronic devices’ by M. Magliulo et al., J. Mater. Chem. C, 2015, 3, 12347–12363.
Design method of high‐efficiency sparse array for ultra‐wideband radar
Authors: Liu Kang , Tu Xin , Li Xiang , Cheng Yongqiang
Published: December 2015

Compared with sequential single‐input–multiple‐output array, a novel design method of high‐efficiency sparse array is proposed to achieve the similar azimuth resolution and lower grating‐lobe level. Theoretical analysis and numerical experiments demonstrate that the designed array is irredundant and the efficiency is increased. The work can benefit the development of high‐resolution imaging and low‐cost ultra‐wideband radar.