bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From Syphilis to Autism, How the Anti-Vaccination Movement of Today is an Echo of the Past
Authors: Beaveridge Kayleigh
Published: February 2021

Introduction: The anti-vaccination movement has led to decreased vaccination rates and increased vulnerability to vaccine-preventable diseases in the general population. In order to better understand the anti-vaccination movement of today, the anti-vaccination movement that emerged in the 19th century is examined and measured against the one observed in the 20th century.

Discussion: Though the population of the 19th and 20th centuries differ in many regards and our knowledge of vaccine and immune mechanisms are far greater; the anti-vaccination movement seen today stands on the same pillars as that of the 1800s with the sentiment of fear at its core. Though the façade of these pillars has been altered to suit the world today, both movements exploited the influence of prominent public figures, maintained false associations with dire vaccine consequences and emphasized these through the use of visual media, repetition and personal narratives. The persistence of the anti-vaccination movement lies largely in the use of personal stories which are more impactful and memorable then the statistical characteristics of scientific study.

Conclusion: The pro-vaccination movement must respond to the tactics used by the anti-vaccination movement and create accessible, understandable and equally impactful communication strategies in order to prevent the spread of misinformation and counter the efforts of the current anti-vaccination movement.

Relevance: Vaccine hesitancy was listed amongst the top 10 global health threats in 2019 by the World Health Organization. In order to shift the negative rhetoric surrounding vaccines, the anti-vaccination movement of today and its historic roots need to be understood.
Immune-Mediated Tissue Injury (Hypersensitivity Reactions)
Authors: Prud'homme Gerald J
Published: February 2021

Hypersensitivity is synonymous with immune-mediated tissue injury. Hypersensitivity reactions occur in several forms and give rise to numerous conditions including allergies, autoimmune disease, allograft rejection, granulomatous inflammation, and a variety of acute or chronic inflammatory disorders (vasculitis, glomerulonephritis, arthritis, pneumonitis, encephalitis, etc.). While hypersensitivity is usually detrimental, in some cases it represents a normal response to a pathogen (e.g., the granulomatous inflammation of tuberculosis).

Several years ago, Gell and Coombs divided hypersensitivity states into four basic types (1), and this classification remains useful today (Table 1). Type I hypersensitivity reactions result from IgE-dependent degranulation of mast cells or basophils. Type II, or "cytotoxic" hypersensitivity, results from the binding of IgG or IgM antibodies to cell membranes or fixed tissue antigens, causing activation of the complement system. Type III, or "immune-complex" hypersensitivity, results from the formation of immune complexes that precipitate in tissues (or form in situ), also with activation of complement. Type IV, or "cell-mediated" reactions, can be subdivided into two basic types: type IV-A is synonymous with delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) and usually occurs in response to soluble antigens; type IV-B results from the direct killing of target cells by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). Stimulation of cells by anti-receptor autoantibodies (such as the anti-TSH receptor antibodies of Graves' disease) has been designated as type V hypersensitivity by some authors. In addition, there are syndromes caused by massive cytokine release that are not usually referred to as hypersensitivity reactions, although (in accord with the definition) they should be included in that category. Examples are anti-CD3 mAb therapy, superantigen- (superAg) induced diseases (toxic shock syndrome, scalded skin syndrome), and shock caused by endotoxins (gram negative septicemia).

Despite the occurrence of tissue injury, it should be understood that hypersensitivity mechanisms evolved as a means of fighting infectious agents. The mechanisms underlying these hypersensitivity states will be described and some clinical examples will be mentioned. In particular, the important role of cytokines, which is an area where considerable progress has occurred in recent years, will be emphasized.
Functional Status May Serve as a Predictor of CABG Surgery Outcome in the Elderly Patient
Authors: Mayer Chantal , Morin Jean-François
Published: February 2021

Despite the growing number of elderly patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery, no study addressing postoperative outcome from the perspective of preoperative functional status has been reported to date. The present investigation therefore undertook to determine, among elderly individuals matched for cardiac status, whether patients with poor functional status have a greater risk of mortality and morbidity following CABG surgery than those with good functional status. Retrospective preoperative and postoperative geriatric functional assessment using a standardized questionnaire was performed on 46 consecutive patients who had undergone CABG in 1994 at age 65 or older. Preoperative functional status was comprised of pre-anginal functional status (before angina limited physical activity) and anginal functional status (during which angina was a noticeable limiting factor). CABG outcome was recorded in terms of postoperative assessment of functional status, morbidity, and mortality. The results of statistical analysis revealed that both pre-anginal and anginal functional status were sensitive predictors of post-operative functional status (p < 0.005 and p < 0.001, respectively). In addition, the presence of comorbidities typically used in the screening of candidates was found to be a sensitive predictor of outcome (p < 0.02). However, the presence of comorbidities was not significantly linked to poor preoperative functional status (p > 0.05), indicating that these two predictors may screen for different elderly sub-populations at high risk for negative outcome of CABG. If confirmed by further studies of elderly patients undergoing CABG, these results suggest a new and important role for functional status as a predictor of CABG outcome in the elderly. Furthermore, these results may be useful toward the development of a reliable tool in screening for high risk of poor outcome among elderly candidates for CABG surgery.
An Evaluation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Pathogenicity and Treatment Using Glycobiology
Authors: Leligdowicz Aleksandra M.
Published: February 2021

N/A
Dansei Konenki: Narratives of Male Menopause in Contemporary Japan
Authors: Sakai Tomoko
Published: February 2021

Previous research has focused on cross-cultural comparisons of illnesses, such as depression and senile dementia, though few have studied the actual processes by which these illness categories become separated from their roots and adopted in a different locale; in anthropological terms, their "indigenization." Through anthropological fieldwork conducted from June to September of 2003, this paper explores how dansei konenki, or male menopause, has found a niche in contemporary Japan, as well as the defining features of the country that may explain this phenomenon. Based on this research, I argue that the indigenization of dansei konenki embodies a particular socio- historical moment in Japan-namely, that of the long-running economic decline in recent years.
A Short Report on the Extent of Stone Handling Behavior Across Otter Species
Authors: Bandini Elisa
Published: February 2021

Animal stone-handling behavior (SH) has been recorded in detail only in primates, mainly across macaque species. The purpose(s) of SH are still unknown, yet various hypotheses have been suggested, including that it is a misdirected behavior when hungry and/or a play behavior that aids individuals' motor and stone tool-use development. SH has also been observed across both wild and captive otter species, but no overview report of the extent of this behavior across otter species has been published yet. To fill this gap in the literature, we contacted wild and captive otter researchers and keepers to enquire directly on SH in the species they work with. We accepted anecdotal reports in this first review of the behavior. Using the reports and anecdotes thus obtained, we compiled the first list of otter species that show SH. We found that most (10 out of 13) of currently known otter species practice SH. Therefore, similarly to macaques, SH is also common in otters and occurs in the majority of species. Future studies should focus on replicating these findings and further investigating the potential functions and selection pressures of SH in otters and other animal species.
ANALISA KINERJA BUS RAPID TRANSIT (BRT) TRANS SEMARANG KORIDOR II TERMINAL TERBOYO-TERMINAL SISEMUT
Authors: Kurnianingtyas Agnesia Putri , Mardliyah A`izzatul , Fauzizah Kiki Lana
Published: February 2021

Semarang as one of the big cities in Central Java has provided public transportation which is Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) as an effort to reduce congestion and the use of private transpotation. There are eight main corridor and one special corridor that are provides until 2021, one of them is Corridor II with Terboyo-Sisemut Route. This study is aim to analyze the servce performance of Corridor II with the optimalization the use of BRT in this route, find the problem factors that influence and formulate the step for quality services improvement. The method of this study is quantitative method by calculating the weight value through assessment indicators based on the standards of the Director General of Transportation. These indicators are obtained from the results of dynamic surveys and static surveys. From the analysis, the service performance of BRT Corridor II at Terminal Terboyo-Sisemut PP is in good category. The number of fleets needed in corridor II is 21 units. Based on the results of the evaluation, one recommendation to improve the quality service of BRT is to make a special lane for BRT to make travel time faster, so that users are more interested in using BRT.
The electrophysiological underpinnings of processing gender stereotypes in language
Authors: Siyanova Anna , Pesciarelli F , Cacciari C
Published: February 2021

Despite the widely documented influence of gender stereotypes on social behaviour, little is known about the electrophysiological substrates engaged in the processing of such information when conveyed by language. Using event-related brain potentials (ERPs), we examined the brain response to third-person pronouns (lei "she" and lui "he") that were implicitly primed by definitional (passeggeraFEM "passenger", pensionatoMASC "pensioner"), or stereotypical antecedents (insegnante "teacher", conducente "driver"). An N400-like effect on the pronoun emerged when it was preceded by a definitionally incongruent prime (passeggeraFEM - lui; pensionatoMASC - lei), and a stereotypically incongruent prime for masculine pronouns only (insegnante - lui). In addition, a P300-like effect was found when the pronoun was preceded by definitionally incongruent primes. However, this effect was observed for female, but not male participants. Overall, these results provide further evidence for on-line effects of stereotypical gender in language comprehension. Importantly, our results also suggest a gender stereotype asymmetry in that male and female stereotypes affected the processing of pronouns differently. © 2012 Siyanova-Chanturia et al.
Access to Own Dwelling through Ijarah at Islamic Banks and State-Owned Housing Scheme in Pakistan
Authors: Naseem Razi  , Rashida Zahoor  , Muhammad Asif Safdar  , Jibran Jamshed
Published: February 2021

Purpose: Access to a safe dwelling is one of the necessities of life and an indicator to reveal the economic development of a country. In Pakistan, however, the majority of the people do not have their dwelling rather have to spend their life in renting homes or in slums. To overcome the housing shortfall, the State Bank of Pakistan has pronounced a low-cost housing scheme for the poor and the low-income segment of the society while the Islamic banking sector also offers ijarah facility to purchase or to construct own dwelling and claims to work in the objective of Islamic legal system. Therefore, this study aims to analyze critically,  ijarah and state-owned low-cost housing scheme from the public insight. Design/Methodology/Approach: This research aims to utilize analytical, theoretical, and empirical methods of research rather than some combination thereof by utilizing experimental reasoning based on naturally occurring data, reports, and surveys. To evaluate ijarah and government housing scheme from public insight, a survey of 100 salaried persons has been conducted by way of the questionnaire at different companies in  District Rawalpindi. Findings: This study found that Pakistan is suffering from the acute issue of lack of own dwelling. The result of the conducted survey reveals that the majority of the employed people showed more trust in the state-owned housing scheme than ijarah at Islamic banks. Those people showed their interest in the state-owned housing scheme than ijarah at Islamic banks. Implications/Originality/Value:  The practical approach to ijarah at Islamic bank found in trust deficit concerning the public insight. That ijarah does not provide low-cost homes to the homeless people, hence not serving by Shari’ah. The current policy of the state provides an opportunity to ijarah to facilitate poor people by softening its terms and conditions and by way of qard-e-hasanah.
The Effect of Screen Size on Students’ Cognitive Load in Mobile Learning
Authors: Alasmari Talal
Published: February 2021

Mobile learning is becoming a crucial tool in this era of face-to-face shutdown of education, and however the whole process currently faces a significant deficiency due to the kind of cognitive load that does exist and its relation with mobile device screen display size. It is well-established that certain screen sizes are more effective than others. This study aims to investigate the effect of screen size on students’ cognitive load in mobile learning. Specifically, it investigates whether screen size has a role in cognitive role and draws a comparison to reflect on the most effective size to be used in the context of mobile learning. Other factors that might interfere in the process were also investigated which include course content, gender, age, and students' GPA to see whether they play any additional role in burdening the cognitive load when using different screen sizes. To test the effect of screen size on cognitive load, an online survey was distributed to 1,570 students of the University of Jeddah who are studying at the foundation year for the academic year of 2018-2018, particularly for eight online courses. The sample was chosen randomly, where all members of the population, 6,500 students, had equal opportunities to participate in the study. Participants were invited via e-mail by sending an invitation to participate along with the questionnaire link on the "Qualrrics" platform. This research data analysis technique used ANOVA and curve estimation. The research findings revealed that small screen display size produces the lowest cognitive load as compared with larger display screens. This study also supports the use mobile learning process and gives recommendations to the instructional designers in order to make learning experiences more effective. The results of this study suggest a proper use of screen size can improve learning from smartphones, making them equal to learning from laptops and reducing the overloaded cognitive load that may affect students' understanding and hinder retention. Hence, implications were discussed, and further research recommendations were then provided.
Volumen sanguíneo y shock hemorrágico (tratamiento durante el período refractario)
Authors: Rojas Miguel
Published: February 2021

Using an experimental hemorrhagic shock model in dogs and maintaining an average arterial pressure of 60 mm of Hg for 270 minutes by means of a special device, the effects of treatment of the refractory period utilizing bood, rheomacrodex, haemaccel, Ringer’s solution with and without phenoxybenzamine were studied. The results of this investigation suggest that the procedure used in this study is effective in preventing and treating the shock during the refractory period.
PERSPEKTIF PENALARAN OPERASI FORMAL-POST FORMAL MAHASISWA CALON GURU BIOLOGI DALAM PEMBELAJARAN PRAKTIKUM
Authors: Juhanda Aa , Rustaman Nuryani Y , Hidayat Topik , Wulan Ana Ratna
Published: February 2021

Penelitan deskriptif ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pandangan mahasiswa terkait praktikum penalaran operasi formal-post formal dalam mata kuliah praktikum yang sudah dilaksanakan. Subjek penelitian ini adalah 19 mahasiswa pendidikan biologi angkatan 2017/2018 pada semester 5 di UMMI yang sudah mengontrak mata kuliah praktikum Biologi Umum, Zoologi Invertebrata, dan Vertebrata. Instrumen yang digunakan meliputi lembar angket dan wawancara. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan teknik persentase. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa terdapat kesenjangan antara tanggapan dosen dan mahasiswa terkait penalaran operasi formal-post formal. Mahasiswa beranggapan penalaran operasi formal-post formal hampir semuanya sudah dilatihkan dalam pembelajaran praktikum. Sementara itu, dosen beranggapan bahwa tidak semua penalaran operasi formal-post formal dilatihkan dalam pembelajaran praktikum. Oleh karena itu, pentingnya melatihkan kembali penalaran operasi formal-post formal secara optimal
PERSEPSI MAHASISWA CALON GURU BIOLOGI TENTANG PEMBELAJARAN MATERI EVOLUSI (STUDI KASUS MAHASISWA PENDIDIKAN BIOLOGI FKIP UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH BENGKULU)
Authors: Hidayat Tomi , Irwandi Irwandi , Harindra Defira Bella
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis calon guru biologi tentang pembelajaran evolusioner di SMA. Penelitian deskriptif ini dilakukan di Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi Universitas Muhammadiyah Bengkulu pada bulan Oktober sampai dengan November 2019. Populasi adalah mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi Universitas Muhammadiyah Bengkulu pada semester lima tahun ajaran 2018/2019 yang mengambil mata kuliah evolusi pada dua kelas paralel. dengan total 47 mahasiswa. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan total sampling. Data merupakan hasil analisis makalah terakhir mahasiswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 100% mahasiswa menyatakan bahwa materi evolusi itu perlu dan penting untuk diajarkan kepada siswa SMA; dengan berbagai alasan. Untuk metode pengajaran evolusi, 75% mahasiswa menyarankan bahwa evolusi harus diajarkan dengan beberapa metode yang menarik. Lebih lanjut, mahasiswa (± 20%) juga berpendapat bahwa evolusi dapat diajarkan dengan menggunakan situs prasejarah, seperti Sangiran dan Trinil untuk memberikan pengalaman langsung kepada mereka.
PENGARUH BAHAN AJAR PROMOTIF DAN PREVENTIF KESEHATAN REPRODUKSI REMAJA MENGGUNAKAN PBL TERHADAP KOMPETENSI PENGETAHUAN SISWA SMA
Authors: Ulfah Nof Pebry , Darusyamsu Rahmawati , Fadilah Muhyiatul , Yuniarti Elsa
Published: February 2021

Pengetahuan remaja tentang kesehatan reproduksi rata-rata masih rendah. Salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan peserta didik adalah dengan menerapkan penggunaan materi pembelajaran yang mempromosikan dan mencegah kesehatan reproduksi remaja dalam pembelajaran di sekolah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh buku ajar Promosi dan Preventif Kesehatan Reproduksi Remaja(PPKRR) yang dikembangkan oleh Januarisyah (2018) terhadap kompetensi pengetahuan siswa SMA. Penelitian menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan desain Randomized Control Group Posttest Only Design. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh siswa kelas XI MIPA SMAN 8 Padang, Penentuan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling, menghasilkan 2 kelas sampel XI MIPA 3 dan XI MIPA 4 sebagai kelas kontrol dan kelas esperimen. Yang dilibatkan dalam pembelajaran menggunakan model Problem Based Learning (PBL). Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah tes hasil belajar materi sistem reproduksi manusia terintegrasi pengetahuan PPKRR. Analisis data menggunakan uji perbedaan rata-rata, Uji t. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kompetensi pengetahuan peserta didik kelas eksperimen lebih baik daripada peserta didik kelas kontrol. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran materi sistem reproduksi yang dikemas dalam bentuk Buku Ajar PPKRR melalui penerapan model pembelajaran PBL berpengaruh positif terhadap kompetensi pengetahuan peserta didik pada materi Sistem Reproduksi Manusia di SMAN 8 Padang.
SUPERVISI AKADEMIK UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN GURU MEMBUAT PENILAIAN SIKAP BERBASIS LITERASI DIGITAL
Authors: Saparudin Yudhi
Published: February 2021

Pada saat ini pengembangan kompetensi sikap peserta didik merupakan hal yang bersifat urgen, dan harus mendasari kompetensi pengetahuan dan keterampilan. Namun sebagian guru belum terbiasa mengintegrasikan pengembangan kompetensi sikap ini pada saat melaksanakan pembelajaran. Kemudian sebagian guru mengalami kesulitan serta belum terbiasa untuk melakukan penilaian sikap. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk untuk melihat kemampuan guru melakukan penilaian sikap berbasis literasi digital sebelum dan sesudah implementasi supervisi akademik menggunakan model Professional Learning Community (PLC).  Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian eksperimen satu kelompok, menggunakan rancangan penelitian one group pretest-postest. Untuk melihat signifikan pengaruh sebelum dengan sesudah implementasi model PLC, menggunakan paired samples t test. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah SMA YPKKP Bandung. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah kepala sekolah, wakil kepala sekolah kurikulum, dan seluruh guru SMA YPKKP Bandun. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi supervisi akademik model PLC, dapat meningkatkan kemampuan guru dalam melakukan penilaian sikap berbasis literasi digital. Peningkatan tersebut signifikan dengan nilai p < 0.05. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini, implementasi supervisi akademik menggunakan model PLC dapat diterapkan pada guru-guru SMA lainnya baik SMA negeri maupun swasta.
Review: Syarat Pangan yang Berpotensi sebagai Probiotik ditinjau dari Nutrisinya
Authors: Rahmi Ilmiaty , Lubis Novriyanti , Soni Dang
Published: February 2021

Yogurt and Kefir are foods that have potential as probiotics. The presence of live LAB (Lactic Acid Bacteria) indicates that this product has the potential as a probiotic food. The purpose of this review is to evaluate food products that have the potential as probiotics such as yogurt and kefir based on the SNI 2981: 2009 standard for yogurt and the CODEX STAN 243-2003 standard for kefir in terms of nutrition. The search method in this article review uses online literature through the Google Scholar site. The results of this review article are probiotic yogurt containing cow's milk and sheep's milk in the same proportion (1: 1); cow's milk yogurt with the addition of seaweed extract (Sargassum polycystum) with a concentration of 0,22 and 0,44%; cow's milk yogurt added with watercress extract (Nasturtium officinale, R. Br); and goat's milk kefir stored at temperatures (-1 to -5 oC, 1 to 5 oC, and 6 to 10 oC) and storage time (10, 20, and 30 days) is a food that has the potential to be a probiotic that has met SNI 2981: 2009 standards and the CODEX STAN 243-2003 standards in terms of nutrition.
CLASSIFICAÇÃO NÃO-SUPERVISIONADA DE IMAGENS RAPIDEYE NO MAPEAMENTO DA COBERTURA DAS TERRAS DO DELTA DO PARNAÍBA, PIAUÍ
Authors: Amorim João Victor Alves , Valladares Gustavo Souza , Portela Mirya Grazielle Torres
Published: February 2021

O objetivo do trabalho foi mapear as classes de cobertura das terras de uma área do Delta do Parnaíba, Piauí aplicando o método de classificação não-supervisionada em imagens RapidEye. Através do processamento digital das imagens em ambiente SIG foi possível mapear 12 classes de cobertura das terras. Os resultados indicaram que o maior percentual da área de estudo é coberta por campos com a presença de vegetação arbustiva e predomínio da pastagem. Outras classes (dunas móveis e cordão arenoso, vegetação rasteira e solo exposto) caracterizam alto nível de vulnerabilidade ambiental e risco de erosão, ilustrando a necessidade de técnicas de manejo sustentáveis. Com base nas técnicas e critérios de avaliação adotados, o mapeamento indicou concordância muito boa, ressaltando a qualidade da interpretação visual da imagem e do método de classificação empregado.
ASSESSMENT OF THE RISK OF INJURY TO ATHLETES IN CONNECTION WITH PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL INDICATORS (SKIING)
Authors: Svitlana Fedorchuk , Olena Lysenko , Olena Kolosova , Igor Khomyk , Daryna Ivaskevych , Sergii Tukaiev
Published: February 2021

Introduction. In modern sports, a high level of physical performance of the athlete is due to the functional properties and condition of all body systems. Of particular importance is the assessment of the functional state of the central nervous system. At the same time, the potential risk of injuries increases with each passing year, so one of the main tasks of sports physicians, psychologists, physiologists, especially in high-achievement sports, is to reduce injuries in sports.

The aim of the study was to compare the state of psychophysiological functions of highly qualified athletes who specialize in sports with varying degrees of extremeness (snowboarding, downhill skiing, cross-country skiing).

Material and methods. To determine the state of psychophysiological functions of athletes used diagnostic complex "Diagnostics-1" (MV Makarenko, VS Lyzogub). The group of respondents included qualified athletes engaged in skiing, characterized by the predominance of dynamic speed and a high probability of injury. These sports make special demands primarily on the central nervous system of athletes. In accordance with the purpose of the work, we studied the latent periods of simple visual-motor reaction, simple and complex reaction of choice, the efficiency of sensorimotor activity and the dynamics of nervous processes in the feedback mode, the accuracy of the reaction to a moving object and the ratio of reactions of advance and delay, dynamic muscular endurance of the right and left hands (according to the tapping test), as well as the basic properties of the nervous system namely the functional mobility of nervous processes and the strength of nervous processes.

Results. Athletes with a higher degree of extreme sports and risk of injury (snowboarders and skiers) showed a higher psychophysiological status in terms of strength of nervous processes and indicators of reaction to a moving object, a higher level of dynamic muscular endurance in terms of tapping test.

Conclusions. The identified differences in the state of psychophysiological functions in athletes with varying degrees of extreme sports activities and the level of risk of injury can have prognostic value and be used to optimize sports improvement in these sports.
CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPETITIVE ACTIVITY OF UKRAINIAN
NATIONAL TEAMS IN SPORTS GAMES IN THE INTERNATIONAL AREA
Authors: Olha Borysova , Svitlana Shutova , Viktoriia Nagorna , Olha Shlonska , Oleh Serebriakov , Artur Mytko
Published: February 2021

Introduction. At the present development stage of the high achievement sport,
global transformations are taking place all over the world, which have influenced the
intensification of competitive practices and the introduction of innovative technologies
in the process of training elite athletes. Unfortunately, both external factors and internal
political and economic problems in Ukraine become a serious obstacle to the effective
competitive activity of national teams at major international sports competitions,
namely: the socio-economic situation in the country calls into question the ability to
prepare quality reserve, children's and youth sports suffer as a result of the financial
and economic crisis; Insufficient level of logistics and the possibility of migration of
the best players and coaches abroad, negatively affects the level of performance of the
national team in the international arena. The planning of preparation of highly qualified
athletes for the main international competitions should take into account the
peculiarities of tournament loads in team and individual sports. Why is it necessary to
determine the main factors influencing the quality and effectiveness of the
performances of the best athletes and teams in sports games.
Aim of our research is to analyze the effectiveness of competitive activities of
highly qualified athletes in sports games.
Material and methods: analysis of planning and competition documents and
generalization of special literature, method of expert assessments, pedagogical
observation, pedagogical experiment, psychophysiological methods, methods of
mathematical statistics.
Conclusions: the implementation of effective performance of athletes of
Ukrainian national teams in sports on the international arena requires optimization of
the process of sports training based on individualization with the parallel use of
technical-tactical, psychophysiological models of training of leading players in the
world combined with modern capabilities.
SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE STRUCTURE OF PREREQUISITES FOR THE CONCEPT OF HEALTH-FORMING TECHNOLOGIES AT THE PROCESS OF ADAPTIVE PHYSICAL EDUCATION FOR SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN WITH HEARING IMPAIRMENTS
Authors: Olena Maslova
Published: February 2021

Introduction. Today the question of formation of health of children and teenagers is comprehensively considered by the general system of scientific knowledge representing rather independent, purposeful cognitive multilevel activity. Aim is to define and characterize in a projection of the theory of scientific knowledge preconditions of development of the concept of health-forming technologies in the course of adaptive physical education of children of school age with hearing impairments. Material and methods: analysis and generalization of data of special scientific and methodical literature; monitoring of information resources of the Internet; sociological methods (questionnaires); method of copying (review and selection of materials from medical records); pedagogical methods (pedagogical testing, pedagogical experiment), methods of mathematical statistics. Results. According to the theory of scientific cognition, based on theoretical and empirical levels and forms of its functioning, we present the structure of definition and scientific evidence base of the prerequisites for the concept of health technologies in the process of adaptive physical education of school-age children with hearing impairments. scientifically-based socio-pedagogical, socio-economic, biological-medical, biological-physiological, ecological-environmental, ecological-cultural, personal-motivational and personal-effective provisions. Conclusions. Turning to the basics of the theory of cognition, we have identified four main categories of prerequisites for the author's concept and hypothesis of its effective implementation, which involves their direct consideration, namely the inclusion of social, biological, environmental and personal principles in the theoretical and methodological foundations of health technologies in adaptive physical education school-age children with hearing impairments
FORMATION OF A TEST SYSTEM FOR CONTROLLING THE PREPAREDNESS OF PLAYERS IN TEAM SPORTS GAMES
Authors: Olena Mitova
Published: February 2021

Background. Current trends in the development of team sports, changes in the direction and age of the stages of long-term training indicate the need to improve the system of tests to control the training of athletes in these sports, taking into account tasks, program load, functional responsibilities of players and so on. Thus theoretical substantiation of the hierarchical structure of knowledge about the system of tests will allow to improve the system of control and management of training and competitive processes.

The aim – on the basis of generalization of theoretical data, advanced practical experience and own experimental researches to substantiate the hierarchical structure of knowledge about system of tests on control of readiness of sportsmen in team sports games.

Material and methods: analysis of special, scientific and methodical literature, analysis of documentary materials, pedagogical observation, system method, generalization and systematization of data.

Results. On the basis of the system approach the hierarchical structure of the system of knowledge concerning the system of tests of readiness of sportsmen in team sports games in the course of long-term preparation is theoretically substantiated. On the example of such an element of the hierarchy as the requirements for tests in basketball, a fragment of the system of knowledge about tests to control the readiness of athletes in team sports is presented, which provides consideration of tests not only for one player but also for a group of players and the whole team and the focus of tasks and program load at different stages and stages of long-term training.

Conclusions. The hierarchical structure of knowledge about the system of tests to control the readiness of athletes in team sports games is theoretically substantiated. A detailed description of such elements of the hierarchy of scientific knowledge as requirements for tests in basketball is given: reliability, specificity, informativeness, connection with the stages of long-term training; connection with sensitive periods of development of physical qualities; connection with the program material of the curriculum for the year; complexity; number of performers; periodicity.
Descriptive Study : Overview of Clean and Healthy Living Behavior (PHBS) at COVID-19 Survivors in X Sub-district, Surakarta City, Indonesia
Authors: Syarifah
Published: February 2021

Clean and Healthy Living Behavior (PHBS) is a group of behaviors carried out on the basis of self-awareness as a result of learning, which makes a person, family, group or community able to help themselves (independently) in daily life, especially in the field of health and play an active role in realizing public health. WHO has established a special unit and ordered the whole world to adhere to the rules and stages in order to accelerate healing around the world. Even from WHO has emphasized all the time to do a clean lifestyle or what in Indonesia is called PHBS, among others physical distancing, wearing masks, keeping rooms well ventilated, avoiding crowds, cleaning hands, and when coughing closes with elbows (WHO, 2021b). Therefore, researchers are interested to know the overview of clean and healthy living behavior (PHBS) in COVID-19 survivors in X Sub-district Surakarta City, Indonesia. This research was conducted in December 2021 in sub-district X in Surakarta City, Indonesia. Covid19 survivor data in Surakarta city in December as many as 5340 people and in sub-district x as many as 412 people recovered from COVID19. For this study, a sample of 52 reponden was obtained. The characteristics of the respondents observed by the researchers were gender, age, occupation, marital status. A total of 52 respondents were taken randomly in sub-district X, Surakarta City obtained results that spread evenly. The results showed that the characteristics of respondents as COVID19 Survivors were known that the even distribution in the female sex was 53.8%, seen in terms of age in the age range under 20 years of age of 28.8%, dominated by people working in the private sector by 50.0% with married status of 65.4%. COVID19 Survivor behavior patterns include exercise behavior, hand washing habits, mask-wearing behavior and outdoor activity patterns.
Study on Educating the Flexibility of the Lower Body Muscles of the Students From the Specialized Faculties Through the Curricular Practical Activities
Authors: Mocanu George Dănuț
Published: February 2021

The physical activities corresponding to the practical disciplines – taught throughout the 3 years of study for the bachelor’s degree university cycle within the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports of Galați – consist of various elements of the general and specific motric capacity, in order to cope with the respective physical demands. The study performed by the students of the Ist year is aimed at identifying the evolution of thiscomplementary motric amplitude, as a result of the direct influence exercised by the 6 practical disciplines subject to study. The outcomes achieved – analysed and interpreted differently gender wise – identify the limited and sometimes insignificant progress of the main tests used in evaluating the flexibility of the lower body muscles, thus proving that there is not any representative building-up throughout the study performed, but only a linearity of the already existing level.
The Importance of Using the “Data Volley” Software and of the “Data Video” System in the Tactical Training of the Middle Blocker for Official Games
Authors: Harabagiu Neculai
Published: February 2021

Nowadays, the level of professional volleyball has increased significantly, having such dynamic and speed of execution of the game actions, that it is very difficult to watch the game in its depth without using some special programmes of statistical analysis. In this context, for a fair and precise assessment of the game actions, there are used both statistical, as well as video evaluation software programmes, so as not to miss any important detail during the games. One of the most used programmes in professional volleyball is “Data Volley”, which includes a video system of analysis and evaluation called “Data Video”. These were designed so as to simplify the work of the coaches, in analysing their own game, as well as that of the other team. The purpose of this study is to analyse the game of the other team before official games, on offence and defence, using the “Data Video” system.
Investigation of the Effect of Eight Weeks Gymnastic Training on Biomotor Skills of Children
Authors: Dönmez Volkan , Bavlı Özhan
Published: February 2021

The aim of this study was to research the effect on biomotor skills of adding gymnastic work to training of children receiving ice-skating education. The mean age in the study was 5.1±0.8 years, a total of 18 children volunteered to participate. The experiment group had gymnastic training in addition to ice-skating training, while the control group only participated in ice-skating training. Before and after the study, the leg strength, explosive strength, balance and flexibility skills of sportspeople were observed. The results of the study found the experimental group had significant variation in long jump, flexibility, balance and vertical jump pretest and posttest measurements (89.5±19.6 cm-100.0±13.3 cm, 7.7±4.7 cm-10.2±3.6 cm, 15.6±5.2 times-10.7±5.7 times, 15.3±6.8 cm-21.8±6.4 cm, respectively), while the control group only showed significant change for flexibility performance. In light of these results, 8-week gymnastic training can be said to be an effective method to develop explosive strength and flexibility performance.
مقاصد الخلق الخمسة وجوهر التربية الأصيل: دراسة في ضوء القرآن الكريم
Authors: المصلح محمد أبوبكر
Published: February 2021

أهداف البحث: يهدف البحث بالأساس إلى دراسة مقاصد الخَلق الخمسة: العبادة، والاستخلاف في الأرض، وعمارتها، والابتلاء، والاختلاف بين الناس، وتحليل العلاقات فيما بينها، وعلاقاتها بجوهر التربية الأصيل، ألا وهو الترقي السامي في معارج الكمال، بناءً على تحليل الباحث لمفهوم التربية الأصيل في دراسة دلالية تأصيلية سابقة، فهذا البحث متمم لتلك الدراسة ويستجيب لتوصيتها. منهج الدراسة: أُنجز البحث باتباع منهجية تحليلية تأصيلية في ضوء القرآن الحكيم، وذلك باستقراء الآيات التي كشفت عن مقاصد الخلق بصِيَغِ تعليلٍ ظاهرةٍ، ودراستها دراسةً دلاليةً مقارنة في ضوء سياقاتها، وتحليل العلاقة بين دلالة كل مَقصد ودلالة جوهر التربية الأصيل، ثم استخلاص أهم النتائج وآفاقها. النتائج: أهم ما كشف عنه البحث هو أنه بمقدار تمثل الإنسان لمقتضيات مقاصد خلقه الخمسة -التي تشير إليها دلالاتها حسب تحليلها في ضوء القرآن - فإنه يحقق إنسانيته ويرتقي في معارج الكمال البشري ارتقاءً شاملًا وساميًا، يقربه إلى ربه ذي المثل الأعلى للكمال، وذلك الارتقاء هو جوهر التربية الأصيل. أصالة البحث: تكمن أصالة البحث في كونه يكشف عن دلالات مقاصد الخلق الخمسة، والعلاقات فيما بينها جميعًا، وعلاقاتها بجوهر التربية الأصيل، وارتباطها بفكرة التقرب إلى الله ذي الكمال المطلق، كشفًا تأصيليًا جديدًا يعمق تصورنا عن مفهوم التربية وجوهرها الأصيل، الذي من شأنه تحقيق ارتقاء إنساني تجديدي شامل نحو الكمال.
Penalty and Compensation in Financial Commitments - A Critical Shariah Review
Authors: Abozaid Abdulazeem
Published: February 2021

Purpose: The aim of this paper is to critically review the position of Shariah and contemporary ijtihād on penalty provisions in financial commitments. It is also to show that some relevant fiqh resolutions have dealt differently with similar issues despite the absence of any grounds for such differentiation and to show how penalty provision in contracts has been expanded to include what cannot be accommodated by Shariah principles. All this necessitates a review of those stances, as they may have both unnecessarily burdened the Islamic finance industry and challenged some Shariah principles. Methodology: This paper employs a qualitative research methodology that adopts textual and fiqh comparative analysis approaches. The methodology also incorporates a macro perspective for treating the subject by analyzing the issues being examined from the perspective of Maqāṣid al-Shariah (Shariah objectives) in consideration of existing market practices and needs. Findings: This study primarily indicates that penalties or compensation provisions in contracts are accepted if they are intended to prevent actual harm rather than for gain, because profiting merely through stipulation is forbidden in Islamic law. Originality: Although this paper addresses an issue that has been addressed before, it acquires significance and value by setting the basis for what constitutes a valid penalty provision in Islamic finance and by showing areas of conflict and inconsistency in some of the contemporary stands on the matter, thus necessitating a review of these stances.
IMPACT OF INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND GENDER
Authors: Shrestha Sajani
Published: February 2021

Invasive Alien Species (IAS) is considered the second major cause of biodiversity loss and habitat degradation. They pose a serious threat to different ecosystems of Nepal such as agriculture, forestry, fisheries and natural systems. Invasive alien species affect people's livelihoods and human well-being.

Some species are important sources of fuel wood, fodder, timber and food products for local households and communities. Similarly, some species hold cultural, spiritual and recreational significance. In contrast, they also harm livelihoods and increase vulnerability via land encroachment and reduction in mobility or access. In some cases, they also diminish the abundance of natural resources used by households and reduce agricultural production. This results in a loss of their income and increases vulnerability. Furthermore, some invasive species have also negative implications on human health and safety. Likewise, they are responsible for reducing the cultural value of landscapes.

Invasive Alien Species are well-recognized drivers of social-ecological change. Extensive research on invasive species in Nepal has yet to be done. Therefore, the impact of invasive species on livelihoods and human well-being is a lesser-known concept.  The effect of benefits and costs analysis of invasive species on livelihoods and human well-being remains pivotal for policy-making and management. This article is based on the development of a comprehensive national strategy and plan of action to control and manage IAS in Nepal. It discusses the broader aspect and status of IAS in Nepal.
ISLAMIC MAQASHID APPROACH ON DROPSHIPPING PRACTICES
Authors: Abdullah Muhammad Wahyuddin , Asniati
Published: February 2021

Dropshipping is a streamlined form of retail business. In this business, there are three actors involved; buyers, sellers (owners of goods), and drop shippers. The series of product sales through the dropshipping system is when the customer has paid for a product to the drop shipper. The drop shipper then pays the seller as well as sends the products ordered by the customer. Furthermore, the owner of the goods will send the product ordered by the customer directly. This study aims to explain the scheme of buying and selling online through the dropshipping system from the Islamic economic perspective. This research is descriptive qualitative research by analyzing the dropshipping from the Islamic perspective. The study concluded that dropshipping trading is allowed in the perspective of Islamic economics by using the syirkah contract, known as syirkah wujuh and simsarah (broker/agent). Both types of this transaction can legalize dropshipping as long as there are no elements of gharar/frauds. This dropshipping practice is following maqashid syariah which will provide a rational and substantial pattern of thinking in looking at forms of transactions to respond to the progress of growing business.
THE EFFECT OF CORONA INCANDESCENT PLASMA RADIATION AND STORAGE TEMPERATURE ON THE VIABILITY OF GARLIC SEEDS (ALLIUM SATIVUM L. LUMBU KUNING VARIETY)
Authors: Nugraheni Febiasasti Trias , Prihastanti Erma , Hastuti Endah Dwi
Published: February 2021

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is an agricultural commodity which is widely consumed by the community. The obstacle experienced in cultivation is that a relatively long dormancy period of about 6-7 months. The dormancy of garlic seeds occurs because the embryo has not yet been fully formed, and the growth hormone and inhibitory hormone are not balanced. The methods used to break dormancy and accelerate germination are by using corona incandescent plasma radiation and storage temperature. The research utilized factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD), consisting of six treatments with five replications. The first factor was the corona incandescent plasma radiation carried out on the garlic seeds ‘Lumbu Kuning’ variety with time duration of 0, 15, and 30 minutes. The second factor was storage temperature comprising of room temperature and cold temperature of 7oC stored for 30 days. Viability parameters observed are germination percentage dan the length of sprouts. The data were analyzed by using ANOVA followed by the DMRT test at the 95% confidence level. The results showed that corona incandescent plasma radiation influenced the germination percentage using plasma radiation for 15- 30 minutes.
Strategi Komunikasi Krisis Dinas Pariwisata Provinsi Bali dalam Menghadapi Virus Korona
Authors: Wacika Putu Lingga
Published: February 2021

ABSTRAKPariwisata merupakan salah satu sektor yang paling menjadi andalan Provinsi Bali. Penyebaran pandemi Virus Korona memberikan dampak bagi banyak sektor, salah satunya Pariwisata Bali. Dinas Pariwisata Provinsi Bali sebagi lembaga pemerintah yang menaungi pariwisata tentunya melakukan strategi komunikasi untuk pemulihan Pariwisata Bali. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana strategi komunikasi krisis Dinas Pariwisata Provinsi Bali dalam menghadapi penyebaran Virus Korona yang berdampak penurunan aktivitas pariwisata di Bali, serta mengetahui faktor apa saja yang mendukung dan menghambat pelaksanaan strategi komunikasi tersebut. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan studi kasus, serta pengumpulan data dilaksanakan dengan cara wawancara, pengumpulan dokumen, dan observasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa Dinas Parwisata Provinsi Bali melakukan strategi komunikasi untuk melaksanakan aktivitas kepariwisataan pada masa new normal dengan cara memberikan informasi situasi dan kondisi Pariwisata Bali berdasarkan fase yang telah ditentukan. Dinas Pariwisata Provinsi Bali menjalin kemitraan dengan seluruh lini sektor pariwisata untuk menyampaikan pesan melalui sertifikasi online protokol kesehatan dan pembentukan tim komunikasi. Website Love Bali, media sosial, endorser, dan konferensi pers dijadikan sebagai media untuk menginformasikan pesan kepada audiens dengan cara yang interaktif. Kata Kunci : Strategi Komunikasi, Krisis, Virus Korona, Pariwisata