bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improved RRT-Connect Algorithm Based on Triangular Inequality for Robot Path Planning
Authors: Kang Jin-Gu , Lim Dong-Woo , Choi Yong-Sik , Jang Woo-Jin , Jung Jin-Woo
Published: December 2020

This paper proposed a triangular inequality-based rewiring method for the Rapidly exploring Random Tree (RRT)-Connect robot path-planning algorithm that guarantees the planning time compared to the RRT algorithm, to bring it closer to the optimum. To check the proposed algorithm’s performance, this paper compared the RRT and RRT-Connect algorithms in various environments through simulation. From these experimental results, the proposed algorithm shows both quicker planning time and shorter path length than the RRT algorithm and shorter path length than the RRT-Connect algorithm with a similar number of samples and planning time.
Impact of Macroeconomic Variables on Housing Prices in Saudi Arabia: A VAR Approach
Authors: Ahmed Dirar Elmahi Elobeid Ahmed
Published: December 2020

This paper examines how housing prices are determined by macroeconomic factors in Saudi Arabia, namely, Gross Domestic Product Per capita (GDPP), Consumer Prices Index (CPI), and Unemployment Rate (UNEMP). Quarterly data for a period (2014q1 – 2019q4) were collected from publications of Saudi Arabian Monetary Authority (SAMA). Vector Autoregression Analysis (VAR) is employed to capture the dynamic effect of the variables on housing prices. Granger Causality, Variance Decomposition and Impulse response function are also used. The results show that housing prices are insignificantly and positively related to GDPP, whereas it is negatively related to both (CPI & UNEMP). Only CPI has a significant relationship. The three variables, jointly, have Granger causality on HPI. Variance decompositions show that CPI is the variable with the highest explanatory power over the variation of housing prices, followed by GDPP and the UNEMP respectively indicating that CPI is the most influential determinants for housing prices.
COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Worldwide: A Systematic Review of Vaccine Acceptance Rates
Authors: Sallam Malik
Published: December 2020

Utility of vaccine campaigns to control coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is not merely dependent on vaccine efficacy and safety. Vaccine acceptance among the general public and the healthcare workers, appears to have a decisive role for successful control of the pandemic. The aim of this review was to provide an up-to-date assessment of COVID-19 vaccination acceptance rates worldwide. A systematic search of the peer-reviewed English survey literature indexed in PubMed was done on December 25, 2020. Results from 30 studies, met the inclusion criteria and formed the basis for final COVID-19 vaccine acceptance estimates. Results of an additional recent survey from Jordan and Kuwait was considered in this review as well. Survey studies on COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rates were found from 33 different countries. Among adults representing the general public, the highest COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rates were found in Ecuador (97.0%), Malaysia (94.3%), Indonesia (93.3%) and China (91.3%). On the other hand, the lowest COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rates were found in Kuwait (23.6%), Jordan (28.4%), Italy (53.7), Russia (54.9%), Poland (56.3%), US (56.9%), and France (58.9%). Only eight surveys among healthcare workers (doctors, nurses) were found, with vaccine acceptance rates ranging from 27.7% in the Democratic Republic of the Congo to 78.1% in Israel. In a majority of survey studies among the general public (62%), the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination showed a level of ≥ 70%. Low rates of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance were reported in the Middle East, Russia, Africa and several European countries. This could represent a major problem in the global efforts that aim to control the current COVID-19 pandemic. More studies are recommended to address the scope of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Such studies are particularly needed in the Middle East Africa, Eastern Europe, Central Asia, Middle and Latin America.
Serum Selenium Status as Diagnostic Marker for Prognosis in Liver Transplantation
Authors: Gül-Klein Safak , Haxhiraj Deana , Seelig Julian , Kaestner Annika , Hackler Julian , Sun Qian , Lachmann Nils , Pratschke Johann , Schmelzle Moritz , Schomburg Lutz
Published: December 2020

The trace element selenium (Se) is taken up from the diet and becomes metabolized mainly by hepatocytes. Selenoprotein P (SELENOP) constitutes the liver-derived Se transporter. Biosynthesis of extracellular glutathione peroxidase (GPx3) in kidney depends on SELENOP-mediated Se supply. We hypothesized that Se status may serve as a useful prognostic marker for outcome in patients undergoing liver transplantation. Serum samples from patients were routinely collected before and after transplantation. Concentration of serum SELENOP and total Se as well as GPx3 activity were determined by standardized tests and related to survival, aetiology and pre-operative Child-Pugh and Model for End-Stage Liver Disease Scores. A total of 314 serum samples from 78 transplanted patients were available for analysis. The Se and SELENOP concentrations were on average below the reference ranges of healthy subjects. Patients with ethanol toxicity-dependent aetiology showed particularly low SELENOP and Se concentrations and GPx3 activity. Longitudinal analysis indicated declining Se concentrations in non-survivors. We conclude that severe liver disease necessitating organ replacement is characterized by a pronounced Se deficit before, during and after transplantation. A recovering Se status after surgery is associated with positive prognosis, and an adjuvant Se supplementation may thus support convalescence.
Surface runoff model in Gera Software: parallel implementation and surface-subsurface coupling
Authors:   Sechenov University, Moscow, Kramarenko Vasily , Novikov Konstantin ,   Marchuk Institute of Numerical Mathematics of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2020

In this article we present a mathematical model used for surface runoff simulation in GeRa software. The model is based on diffusive wave approximation for the shallow water equations with Manning formula for flow velocity estimation. It is implemented using INMOST software platform for parallel mathematical modeling. Parallel efficiency of the model implementation is adressed for some widely used verification benchmarks. We also present surface-subsurface coupling approach used in GeRa software and discuss practical aspects of the nonlinear solver.
Study of the Functional State of the Proximal Renal Tubules in Patients with Asymptomatic Chronic Heart Failure in Dyslipidemia and its Correction with Simvastatin Treatment
Authors: Kopylov V. Yu.
Published: December 2020

Aim. To study indicators of epithelial dysfunction in the proximal renal tubules by determining the activity of organ-specific enzymes neutral α-glucosidase (NAG) and L-alanine aminopeptidase (LAAP), in patients with the initial stage of chronic heart failure in dyslipidemia, and the possibility of reducing with simvastatin.Material and methods. The study involved 90 subjects, who were divided into control and main groups. The control group consisted of 30 practically healthy individuals, the main group was divided into 2 subgroups: patients with stage I chronic heart failure (CHF) without type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and patients with CHF with DM2. Patients of each of the main subgroups received simvastatin 20-40 mg/day in addition to treatment of the main pathology. The main group included patients with a total serum cholesterol level of more than 6.0 mmol/l, a BMI level of more than 30 kg/m2, and who had not previously taken statins. The exclusion criterion was a violation of the filtration capacity of the kidneys and the presence of gross dysfunction of organs and systems of the body. The functional state of the proximal renal tubules was assessed by the concentration of NAG and LAAP in dialized urine.Results. Initially, the level of activity of renal enzymes in representatives of both major subgroups is higher than the group of practically healthy individuals. Taking simvastatin in the CHF without DM2 subgroup does not cause an increase in enzyme activity throughout the entire observation period, either at a daily dosage of 20 mg (NAG - 12.36±2.65 ncat/1 14.1±5.23 ncat/1 and after 3 and 6 months, LAAP - 9.4±1.62 and 11.2±2.99 ncat/1 after 3 and 6 months), or at a dosage of 40 mg/day (NAG - 30.47±3.85 and 26.2±6.75 ncat/1 after 3 and 6 months; LAAP -17.3±3.56 and 19.58±3.83 ncat/1 after 3 and 6 months). Taking simvastatin 20 mg/day in patients with CHF with DM 2 causes an increase in the NAG activity: 26.68±6.03 and 34.57±9.73 ncat/1 after 3 and 6 months). Taking simvastatin 40 mg/day increase both enzyme activity: NAG -34.3±8.7 and 46.94±9.02 ncat/1 after 3 and 6 months, LAAP - 17.08±5.81 and 22.41±4.89 ncat/1 after 3 and 6 months).Conclusion. The appointment of simvastatin in patients with dyslipidemia on the background of obesity is permissible in order to normalize lipid metabolism. Safe for the functional state of the proximal renal tubules, long-term administration of simvastatin, within the limits of medium-therapeutic dosages, is possible for patients without type 2 diabetes. Long-term use of simvastatin in patients with dyslipidemia on the background of type 2 diabetes mellitus has a negative effect on the epithelium of the proximal renal tubules, in the form of an increase in the activity of renal organ-specific enzymes, which indicates an increased dystrophy of the epithelium.
Modern Antiplatelet Therapy for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. How to Make the Right Choice?
Authors: Uskach T. M. , Tereshchenko A. S.
Published: December 2020

Dual antiplatelet therapy is the most important step in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) treatment. The new generation of inhibitors of P2Y12 platelet receptors (prasugrel and ticagrelor) provide more pronounced platelet inhibition than clopidogrel. The drugs differ in pharmacodynamics and platelet reactivity tests due to different mechanisms of binding to P2Y12 receptors. The antiplatelet effect of prasugrel and ticagrelor provides clinical benefit and better prognosis in patients with various forms of ACS. In patients with ST-segment elevation ACS prasugrel and ticagrelor are preferred over clopi-dogrel due to their higher efficacy and better clinical outcomes, and currently have preferential positions in guidelines compared to clopidogrel. The comparison of prasugrel versus ticagrelor (ISAR-REACT 5 trial) demonstrated superiority of prasugrel over ticagrelor in patients with ST-segment elevation ACS, for whom an invasive evaluation is planned and in early invasive treatment non-ST-segment elevation ACS. The choice of a drug for dual antiplatelet therapy in various clinical situations remains controversial. The latest ESC guidelines on non-ST elevation ACS (2020) [1] demonstrate the possible preference for prasugrel in patients with ACS without ST-segment elevation undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Current article demonstrates the results of recent clinical studies and the real clinical data regarding antiplatelet therapy in patients with coronary interventions. The indications for the use of P2Y12 platelet inhibitors in certain groups of patients are outlined. Treatment selection of the most effective and safe drugs in patients with ACS is highlighted according to the updated European guidelines.
Regional Characteristics of Hospital Admissions and Outpatients Visits with Arterial Hypertension from the Point of the WHO Concept of Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions
Authors: Kontsevaya A. V. , Doludin Yu. V. , Khudyakov M. B. , Drapkina O. M.
Published: December 2020

Aim. To analyze hospital admission and ambulatory care of the patients with arterial hypertension (AH) in federal districts and regions from the perspective of the WHO concept of diseases, which can be treated in ambulatory settings (ambulatory care sensitive conditions, ACSC).Material and methods. For analysis we used data from annual forms of federal statistical monitoring (12 and 14), which includes data on hospital admissions with hypertension in federal districts and separate regions in 2017. Hypertension included diseases characterized by raised blood pressure, ICD10: I10-I13.Results. We performed the analysis of 12 and 14 forms per districts and regions of the Russian Federation. Regions with increased hospitalization rates and an increased ratio of the hospitalizations to number to outpatients visits were identified. High variability of these indicators was observed both among both between regions and federal districts. The values of the ratio indicator vary from 0.0131 in the Nizhny Novgorod Region to 0.0234 in the Chechen Republic. The average value of the ratio in the federal district varies from 0.032 in the Volga Federal District to 0.119 in the North Caucasus Federal District. In the North Caucasus and Far East Federal District the value of the indicator is significantly higher than in other districts.

Conclusion. Assessing diseases which can be treated in ambulatory setting scan be one of the tools for evaluating the quality of medical care in primary care facilities. However, before including ACSC as an indicator of the quality of health care delivery, a deeper understanding of the reasons that can impact its rates is required.
Population-based Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Measures Aimed at Reducing Salt Intake: Analysis of International Strategies and Prospects for Implementation in the Russian Federation
Authors: Balanova Yu. A. , Kontsevaya A. V. , Karamnova N. S. , Mukaneeva D. K. , Drapkina O. M.
Published: December 2020

High salt intake is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), closely related to the level of blood pressure in the population. The purpose of the review: to study population-based interventions for CVD prevention, aimed at reducing salt intake; to assess the potential for their implementation in the Russian Federation. We presented population-based strategies for dietary salt intake reduction used in different countries. The main components of strategies aimed to correct this risk factor in the Russian Federation were identified. The main components of the population-based approach to reducing salt intake are: determining population salt consumption, identifying sources of salt in the diet, monitoring of salt content in products, engaging with the food industry, consumer awareness campaigns, changes in product labeling, tax measures. An integrated approach to the problem is the most successful. Measures which were highly effective have not yet been fully implemented in the Russian Federation. At the moment, taxation of high-salt foods and tax subsidies for healthy food are not applied. Food manufacturers are not sufficiently involved - there are no legislatively introduced measures to reduce salt through food reformulation. Firstly it has to be applied to diet-forming products that are consumed daily, such as bakery and dairy products, and meat products.
Development of Electronic Module Using Creative Problem-Solving Model Equipped with HOTS Problems on The Kinetic Theory of Gases Material
Authors: Astra I Made , Raihanati Raihanati , Mujayanah Nur
Published: December 2020

This research aims to develop and produce an e-module of physics using a creative problem-solving model equipped with HOTS problems on the kinetic theory of gases material as independent teaching material for high school students of class XI IPA. The research method used in this study is the Research and Development (R & D) method using the model of Dick & Carey. The creative problem-solving model has six learning stages. The electronic module is equipped with HOTS questions, where HOTS is a high- level thinking skill that includes three indicators, including analyzing skills (C4), evaluating (C5), and creating (C6). The instrument used in this study is a questionnaire using a Likert scale. This e-module has gone through a validation test involving material experts, media experts, and learning experts. The results of expert validation are 82.83%. The result in the field-test by physics teachers shows an average score of 83.05%. The field-test results by the students of SMAN 16 Jakarta shows an average score of 93.44%. The result of the effectiveness test had a gain score of 0.502 indicates that the e-module can increase students’ high order thinking skills in the middle classification. These results show that the e-module of physics using a creative problem-solving model equipped with HOTS questions in the kinetic theory of gases material can be feasible as independent teaching material and can increase students’ high order thinking skills.
Learning Ohm's Law through Electric Puzzle Media
Authors: Malik Adam , Asyidik Muhamad Dudi , Nursamsika Kusmi Heni , Khotimah Rifadiyah Nurul , Fitriyani Rismaya
Published: December 2020

Electrical circuit components or electronic circuits can be connected with series and parallel circuits. The arrangement of the circuit can affect the desired lamp characteristics. This study aims to measure the magnitude of resistance in an electrical circuit, analyze the flame of a series and parallel resistance, explore the relationship between voltage (V) with current (I) in series and parallel circuits. The method research used quantitative methods based on the problem-solving laboratory. The laboratory equipment used consists of a battery, incandescent lamps, resistors, stacking and zinc puzzles, multimeters, jumper cables. The laboratory equipment assembled and measured the intensity of the light produced using the physics toolbox application on a handphone. The data has obtained, then presented in a table and calculated using a formula, and analyzed the uncertainty in its measurement. The result showed the intensity of light in a series of different magnitude, the power of the light was more significant in lamp one, and in lamp two, the power was smaller. The intensity of the light in the parallel circuit was the same magnitude. Still, the value of the light intensity in the parallel circuit was smaller than the intensity in the lamps arranged in series. The relationship between voltage (V) and current (I) in both series and parallel circuits was comparable and directly proportional. Thus, the developed series of electric puzzles can adequately explain Ohm’s law. Ohm’s law learning with electric puzzles can be used in school and learned by students quickly.
Moodle-based E-Learning Model for Critical Thinking in the Lesson of Electromagnetic Induction
Authors: Wiyono Ketang , Zulherman Zulherman , Saparini Saparini , Ariska Melly , Khoirunnisa Rini , Zakiyah Sri
Published: December 2020

This study aims to develop a valid and practical e-learning model for critical thinking skills using the moodle platform in the lesson of electromagnetic induction. Dick and Carey instructional design model is applied for the product development—which consists of nine stages,  (1) instructional goals identification, (2) instructional analysis, (3) learners and contexts analysis, (4) objective performance arrangement, (5) assessment instruments development, (6) instructional strategy’s plan, (7) instructional material selection, (8) preparation for conducting a formative evaluation of the instruction,  and (9) revise instruction. The results reveal the moodle design is valid and practical regarding expert and user perspectives, respectively. Besides, there is an improvement of student’s critical thinking skills according to the obtained n-gain score, which stands for 0.38.
Drawing a Sample with Desired Properties from Population in R Package “drawsample”
Authors: ATALAY KABASAKAL Kübra , GÜNDÜZ Tuba
Published: December 2020

The aim of this study is to develop an R package called drawsample, which will be used to draw samples with the desired properties from a real data set. In accordance with the aim of the study, a sample with the desired properties can be drawn by purposive sampling with determining several conditions, such as deviation from normality (skewness and kurtosis) and sample size. Different applications of the package drawsample are illustrated using real data from the “Science and Technology(Score_1)” and “Social Studies (Score_2)” subtests of 6th Grade Public Boarding and Scholarship Examinations (PBSE). As the importance given to research with real data has increased in recent years, a good approach would be to draw a sample of the population. With this package, it is expected that researchers will draw samples as close as possible to the desired properties from the population or a large sample. It is thought that using the drawn samples obtained from real data with package drawsample will provide an alternative to simulation studies as well as a complement for these studies.
Silent Predictors of Test Disengagement in PIAAC 2012
Authors: İLGÜN DİBEK Münevver
Published: December 2020

Although the effects of test disengagement on the validity of the scores obtained from the data set have been examined in many studies, the predictors of the disengaged behaviors received relatively limited scholarly attention in low-stakes assessment, in particular, in international comparison studies. As such, the present study with a twofold purpose sets out to determine the best fitted explanatory item response theory model and examine the predictors of test disengagement. The data were collected by using items measuring literacy and numeracy skills of adults from different countries such as Norway, Austria, Ireland, France, Denmark, Germany, and Finland participated in PIAAC 2012. The results of the model with item and person characteristics demonstrated that adults tended to be disengaged on very difficult items. Similarly, age has a negative effect on test-taking engagement for adults in several countries such as France and Ireland, while several predictors such as educational attainment, readiness to learn, and the use of ICT skills at home and work had positive effects on test engagement. In addition, females exhibit a higher level of engagement in Norway. Overall, the findings suggested that the effect of the predictors on disengagement depended on the domain and country. So, this study brings further attention that the role of test disengagement should be a prerequisite practice before reaching a conclusion from international large-stake assessments.
Teachers’ Empowerment, Self-Regulation and being Istiqamahas Key Features of Job Performance in Non-Formal Education Setting
Authors: Wijayanti Laksmi Mayesti , Hyun Choi Chi , Hutagalung Leo
Published: December 2020

Indonesia menyadari perlunya penguatan pendidikan nonformal sebagai salah satu elemen penting dalam meningkatkan indeks pendidikan. Baik pemerintah maupun lembaga swadaya masyarakat telah berpartisipasi aktif dalam mewujudkan pendidikan nonformal yang lebih mudah diakses dan nyaman. Persoalan mendasar adalah kualitas guru dalam pendidikan masih di bawah harapan. Selain itu, pendidikan nonformal menghadapi dilema dalam menciptakan kinerja guru yang optimal karena bersifat nonprofit. Oleh karena itu, makalah ini akan menyelidiki faktor-faktor penentu dari pengaturan unik tersebut. Instrumen penelitian ini adalah skala pemberdayaan psikologis yang digunakan oleh Spreitzer (1995), The Self-Regulation Questionnaire (SRQ) (Brown, Miller, & Lawendowski, 1999), skala etos kerja Islami (Ali, 1988) dan angket kinerja diri guru. Kuesioner penilaian (TJPSQ) digunakan sebagai ukuran kinerja guru. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberdayaan dan istiqamah berpengaruh signifikan terhadap prestasi kerja guru, sedangkan regulasi diri tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap prestasi kerja.

Indonesia have acknowledged the needs to strengthen the non-formal education as an important element in enhancing the education index. Both government and non-government organization have participated actively in establishing the non-formal education to be more accessible and convenience. Nevertheless, it is evidenced that they still manage to deliver their jobs adequately. Therefore, this paper will investigate the determining factors of such unique setting. This study’s instruments are the psychological empowerment scale used by Spreitzer (1995), The Self-Regulation Questionnaire (SRQ) (Brown, Miller, &Lawendowski, 1999), Islamic work ethic scaling (Ali, 1988) and the questionnaire teachers’ job performance self-rating questionnaire (TJPSQ) were utilized as a measurement of teachers’ job performance. The result  indicates that empowerment and istiqamah have significantly influenced to teachers’ job performance, while self-regulations have no significant effect on Job performance.
PENDIDIKAN SEKS USIA DINI DALAM KAJIAN HADIS
Authors: Oktarina Ani , Suryadilaga Muhammad Alfatih
Published: December 2020

Pendidikan seks harus diajarkan sejak usia dini sebagaimana yang telah diajarkan Nabi melalui hadisnya agar dapat mengembangkan nilai-nilai moral, sosial, dan agama pada aspek perkembangan anak-anak yang menjadi tanggung jawab pendidikan. Artikel ini bertujuan menjelaskan pendidikan seks pada anak usia dini dalam kajian hadis. Metode yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah metode deskriptif yang diperoleh dari sumber-sumber primer dan sekunder yang bersifat kepustakaan. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa orang tua dan guru perlu memberikan upaya pencegahan yang diperlukan untuk mendidik dan meningkatkan kesadaran tentang pendidikan seksual anak dalam memahami apa yang diizinkan dan apa yang tidak dalam bingkai hadis Nabi yang membentuk ajaran Islam. Para guru dan orang tua juga perlu memberikan Informasi, pengenalan, pemahaman, dan antisipasi dengan tepat untuk mencegah terjadinya penyalahgunaan sehingga dapat sesuai dengan ajaran Islam yang tercerminkan dari hadis Nabi.

[Early Sex Education in Hadith Discourse. Sex education must be taught from an early age as taught by the Prophet through his hadith in order to develop moral, social, and religious values in the aspects of children’s development which are the responsibility of education. This article aims to explain sex education in early childhood in hadith study. The method used in this study is a descriptive method obtained from primary and secondary library sources. The result of this study is that parents and teachers need to provide the necessary precautionary measures to educate and raise awareness about child sexual education in understanding what is permissible and what is not within the framework of the Prophet's hadiths that shape Islamic teachings. Teachers and parents also need to provide information, introduction, understanding, and anticipation appropriately to prevent abuse so that it can be in accordance with Islamic teachings as reflected in the hadith of the Prophet.]
KRITIK HARALD MOTZKI TERHADAP TEORI ISNAD HADIS JOSEPH SCHACHT
Authors: Jannah Shofiatul
Published: December 2020

Selama ini kajian hadis orientalis selalu menghadirkan skeptisisme terhadap kesahihan hadis untuk bisa disandarkan kepada Nabi, terutama Joseph Schacht yang menjadi rujukan kajian hadis mereka. Tetapi, diskursus perkembangan kajian orientalis tersebut ternyata tidak selamanya menghasilkan pakar skeptis, sebagaimana yang ditunjukkan dalam pemikiran hadis Harald Motzki. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengulas kritik Motzki terhadap teori-teori isnad Joseph Schacht dengan argumen-argumennya yang cukup menarik. Sedangkan, metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif analitik untuk mengkaji lebih detail teori backward projection, common link, e silenteo dari Josepht Schacht, dan argumen-argumen bantahan dari Harald Motzki. Hasil penelitian ini adalah sebagaimana yang diungkapkan Harald Motzki bahwa tidak ada pemalsuan terhadap hadis yang dilakukan oleh ulama hadis seperti yang dikatakan oleh Schacht, karena hadis mulai eksis sejak abad pertama hijriah. Untuk menganalisa common link tidak cukup dengan mengkaji aspek sanad sebuah hadis. Di samping itu juga dibutuhkan kajian terhadap matan hadis, karena dari kajian dua aspek tersebut, sumber sejarah pembentukan sebuah hadis dapat diketahui. Demikian pula, jika ada sebuah hadis tidak ditemukan di masa tertentu, bisa saja disebabkan karena mereka tidak mengetahuinya, dan bukan berarti hadis tersebut tidak eksis di masanya.

 

[Harald Motzki's Critic toward Joseph Schacht's Isnad Hadith Theory. So far, the study of orientalist hadiths has always presented skepticism about the validity of the hadiths to rely on the Prophet, especially Joseph Schacht, who was the reference for their hadith study. However, the discourse on the development of orientalist studies did not always produce skeptical experts, as shown in the hadith thought of Harald Motzki. This study aims to review Motzki’s critique of Joseph Schacht’s isnad theories with his interesting arguments. Meanwhile, the research method used in this research is descriptive-analytic to examine in more detail Joseph Schacht’s backward projection, common link, e silentio theories, and Harald Motzki’s arguments. The results of this study are as expressed by Harald Motzki that there is no forgery of hadiths carried out by hadith scholars as stated by Schacht because hadiths began to exist since the first century of Hijri. To analyze common links, it is not enough to study the sanad aspects of hadith. In addition, a study of the hadith’s observations is also needed, because, from the study of these two aspects, the historical source of the formation of hadith can be known. Likewise, if a hadith was not found at a certain time, it could be because they did not know it, and it does not mean that the hadith did not exist at that time.]
The Effectiveness of Greenpreneurship Course for Students' Communication Ability and Entrepreneurial Interest
Authors: Prayitno Mohammad Agus , Lutfianasari Ulfa , Nugroho Deni Ebit
Published: December 2020

Very tight work competition results in many unemployed people because of the imbalance between the number of jobs and the number of graduates. For this reason, universities prepare lectures that can equip their students in entrepreneurship. One of them is greenpreneursip lectures. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of learning greenpreneur on communication skills and student entrepreneurial interests. The research design used was the pre-experimental design one-group pretest-posttest design. The sampling technique is done by purposive sampling. The data collection method used in this study is the questionnaire method. Data collection instruments included 20 items of entrepreneurial interest questionnaires and 18 items of communication skills questionnaire used to determine changes in communication skills and entrepreneurial interests before and after the lecture. The results were obtained by the p-value of entrepreneurial interest> 0.05, which is equal to 0.475. the p-value of communication skills <0.05, which is equal to 0.049. The conclusion in this study is the greenpreneurship course does not affect student entrepreneurial interest, but has the effectiveness of student communication skills.
In-Bundle Surgeons More Likely Select Cemented Femoral Fixation in Total Hip Arthroplasty for At-Risk Patients
Authors: Edelstein Adam I. , Hume Eric L. , Pezzin Liliana E. , McGinley Emily L. , Dillingham Timothy R.
Published: December 2020

Background:

Bundled payment models for lower-extremity arthroplasty have been shown to lower costs but have not reliably improved quality. It is unknown how the bundled payment model may affect surgeons’ decisions that impact the quality of arthroplasty care. The purpose of this study was to compare the utilization of femoral component fixation modes by surgeons performing total hip arthroplasties (THAs) in at-risk patients in areas subject to Medicare’s Comprehensive Care for Joint Replacement (CJR) bundled payment model compared with patients treated by surgeons in areas exempt from the policy.

Methods:

Elective, primary THAs among elderly persons were identified from Medicare claims during 2017 and 2018, including the use of cemented or cementless femoral fixation. Multivariable regression models, applied to samples stratified by sex, were used to assess the association between CJR bundle participation and the use of femoral fixation mode. Analyses were adjusted for patient age, race or ethnicity, comorbidity burden, low-income status, and Census division of the hospital.

Results:

Of 118,676 Medicare patients who underwent THA, 9.1% received cemented femoral components, and use of cement varied significantly by geographic region (p < 0.001). Patients who received cemented fixation, compared with patients who received cementless fixation, had significant differences in mean age (and standard deviation) at 78.3 ± 6.9 years compared with 74.5 ± 6.1 years (p < 0.001) for female patients and 77.3 ± 6.8 years and 74.2 ± 5.9 years (p < 0.001) for male patients; were more likely to be White at 94.0% compared with 92.7% (p < 0.001) for female patients and 95.1% compared with 93.8% (p = 0.046) for male patients; and had higher mean Elixhauser comorbidity index at 2.6 ± 2.2 compared with 2.3 ± 2.0 (p < 0.001) for female patients and 2.8 ± 2.4 compared with 2.4 ± 2.1 (p < 0.001) for male patients. In adjusted analyses, female patients in the CJR bundled payment model were more likely to have cemented fixation compared with female patients not in the CJR model (odds ratio [OR], 1.11 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.05 to 1.16]; p < 0.001), whereas male patients in the CJR bundled payment model were less likely to have cemented fixation compared with male patients not in the CJR model (OR, 0.91 [95% CI, 0.83 to 0.99]; p = 0.029).

Conclusions:

In the bundled environment, surgeons were more likely to choose cemented femoral fixation for elderly female patients. This may be due to in-bundle surgeons being more risk-averse and avoiding cementless fixation in patients at risk for fracture or implant-related complications. Further research is needed to directly examine the impact of the bundle on surgeon decision-making.
Cross-Neutralizing Activity of Monoclonal Antibodies Against N501Y Mutant Strain of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Ding Ruxia , Wang Haixin , Yang Yi , Xie Liangshu , Zhang Li , Li Qianqian , Liu Shuo , Nie Jianhui , Wu Jiajing , Qin Haiyang , Shen Yuelei , Wang Huiguo , Huang Weijin , Wang Youhcun
Published: December 2020

The dominant N501Y mutation in the spike protein that SARS-CoV-2 virus uses to bind to the human ACE2 receptor were found in the UK, which has aroused global concern and worried. Mutations in spike protein may, in theory, result in more infectious and spreading more easily. In order to evaluate the broad-spectrum protective effect of the monoclonal antibodies(mAbs), we compared the neutralization activities of six prepared mAbs against SARS-CoV-2 with pseudovirus neutralization assay. Only one of them showed a decrease of 6 folds in neutralizing activity to N501Y mutant strain, compared with the wild type strain. We should continue to monitor emergence of new variants in different regions to study their infectivity and neutralization effect.
The Dynamics of Students Religion in Lambung Mangkurat University
Authors: Sarbaini Sarbaini , Husin Gusti Muhammad Irhamna , Arief M Ihsanul , Ainah Noor
Published: December 2020

One of the visible forms of worship is reading, studying and practicing the contents of the Koran. The ability to read the Koran properly that is owned by a person will increase the enthusiasm to deepen it. Thus, fluency and accuracy in reciting the recitation of the Koran is very important for everyone, because it will lead to validity and failure of one's prayers, and also an encouragement to deepen the study of the Koran. This research was conducted at Lambung Mangkurat University in the Teaching and Education Faculty (FKIP), the Faculty of Economics and Business (FEB) and the Faculty of Medicine (FK). The focus of research on students' religious behavior is assessed by their ability to read the Koran by the behavior they display in their daily lives. The method used is a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis techniques. Data were collected using participant observation and dept interview techniques. The interview approach used was structured interviews and free interviews. The research was conducted for two months, (October-November, 2019). Data checking was carried out through focus group discussions. There are three categories that this research produces: first, students who have high quality; second, students who have medium quality; and third, have low quality in reading the Koran. The factors that become the difference in quality are caused by the influence of the family environment, the influence of the previous educational environment, and the influence of the community environment.
Age and Petrogenesis of the Gabbros from Tajik South Tianshan: Implications for Early Paleozoic Geodynamic Evolution of the Southwestern Central Asian Orogenic Belt
Authors: Yang He , Xiao Wenjiao , Sang Miao , Mamadjanov Yunus , Zhang Hongfei , Zhang Zhixin , Wang Jinlin , Yogibekov Dzhovid , Gao Zhong , Luo Biji , Zhou Kefa , Khalimov Gufron , Chen Xi
Published: December 2020

Identification of slab window process is important for understanding the nature of the accretionary orogenesis. In this study, we report detailed petrological, geochronological, geochemical, Sr–Nd isotopic, and mineral chemical data for two dyke-like gabbroic intrusions from the South Tianshan belt of Tajikistan, southwestern margin of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. Both intrusions are composed of coarse- and fine-grained gabbros. U–Pb zircon dating shows that they were emplaced at 431±5 Ma. The gabbroic rocks show relatively large variation in elemental and isotopic compositions, with SiO2 of 40.62–53.97 wt.%, Sr of 333–1261 ppm, and εNdt of +2.5 to +5.8. Especially, the fine-grained gabbros show lower SiO2 and higher MgO but more evolved isotopes than the coarse-grained gabbros for each of the intrusions. All the rocks display OIB-like or transitional OIB-/E-MORB-like geochemical characteristics with no obvious Nb-Ta depletion, indicative of an intraplate affinity. Combined with their mineral chemical compositions, we suggest that these gabbroic rocks were generated by partial melting of asthenospheric mantle in the transitional spinel-garnet stability field, followed by different degrees of fractional crystallization of olivine, clinopyroxene, and plagioclase and mixing with carbonatitic melts. The available data indicate that roll-back of the subducting Turkestan oceanic slab occurred during the Late Ordovician to Early Silurian period. Asthenosphere upwelling due to the opening of slab window resulted from localized slab tearing during slab roll-back may have been responsible for the generation of the studied dyke-like gabbroic intrusions.
Clinical learning environment of nursing and midwifery students in Ghana
Authors: Ziba Florence Assibi , Yakong Vida Nyagre , Ali Zakari
Published: December 2020

Background: Data on student experience of the clinical learning environment in Ghana are scarce. We therefore aimed to assess students’ evaluation of the clinical learning environment and the factors that influence their learning experience.Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey of 225 undergraduate nursing and midwifery students. We used the Clinical Learning Environment and Supervision + Nurse Teacher (CLES +T) evaluation scale to assess students’ experience of their clinical placement. The association between student demographic characteristics and clinical placement experience was determined using t-test or ANOVA.Results: Most of the sampled students were Nurses (67 %) and in the third year of training (81%). More students received supervision from a nurse (57%) during clinical placement and team supervision (67%) was the most common during clinical placement. Nursing students were more likely to rate their clinical experience better than midwifery students (p=0.002). Students who had increased contact with private supervisors were also more likely to rate their experience higher (p=0.002). Clinical experience was also rated higher by students who received successful supervision compared to those who had unsuccessful or team supervision (p=0.001).Conclusion: Team supervision is high in health facilities where students undertake clinical placement in Ghana. Frequent contact with private supervisor and successful supervision are associated with better rating of clinical experience among Ghanaian undergraduate nursing and midwifery students.
Scopolamine-Induced Delirium Promotes Neuroinflammation and Neuropsychiatric Disorder in Mice
Authors: Cheon So Yeong , Koo Bon-Nyeo , Kim So Yeon , Kam Eun Hee , Nam Junhyun , Kim Eun Jung
Published: December 2020

Postoperative delirium is a common neuropsychiatric syndrome resulting a high postsurgical mortality rate and decline in postdischarge function. Extensive research has been performed on both human and animal delirium models due to their clinical significance, focusing on systematic inflammation and consequent neuroinflammation playing a key role in the pathogenesis of postoperative cognitive dysfunctions. Since animal models are widely utilized for pathophysiological study of neuropsychiatric disorders, this study aimed at examining the validity of the scopolamine-induced delirium mice model with respect to the neuroinflammatory hypothesis of delirium. Male C57BL/6 mice were treated with intraperitoneal scopolamine (2 mg/kg). Neurobehavioral tests were performed to evaluate the changes in cognitive functions, including learning and memory, and the level of anxiety after surgery or scopolamine treatment. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1ꞵ, IL-18, and TNF-α) and inflammasome components (NLRP3, ASC, and caspase-1) in different brain regions were measured. Gene expression profiles were also examined using whole-genome RNA sequencing analyses to compare gene expression patterns of different mice models.Scopolamine treatment showed significant increase in the level of anxiety and impairments in memory and cognitive function associated with increased level of pro-inflammatory cytokines and NLRP3 inflammasome components. Genetic analysis confirmed the different expression patterns of genes involved in immune response and inflammation and those related with the development of the nervous system in both surgery and scopolamine-induced mice models. The scopolamine-induced delirium mice model successfully showed that analogous neuropsychiatric changes coincides with the neuroinflammatory hypothesis for pathogenesis of delirium.
Similarity Assessment by Multivariate Statistics Method Based on Distance Between Biosimilar and Originator
Authors: Xu Jian , Shao Zhihui , Han Xiaoxiong , Huang Yingfeng , Zou Xun , Shen Yaling
Published: December 2020

The development of biosimi lar products or follow on biologics has been flourishing in recent years because of lower price than originators. In th is study, a multivariate data analysis method based on JMP software was proposed to assess the glycosylation pattern similarity of antibo dy candidates from different conditions in optimization experiment with reference. A specific distance was generated by t specific distance was generated by this method and indicated the glycoform similarity his method and indicated the glycoform similarity between biosimilar and reference. This method can be applied to analyze the similaritbetween biosimilar and reference. This method can be applied to analyze the similarity of y of other physicochemical and function characters between followother physicochemical and function characters between follow--on biologics and originators. on biologics and originators. Then the design of experiThen the design of experiments method can be realized to optimize culture conditions of cellments method can be realized to optimize culture conditions of cell culture to attain similar antibody candidatesculture to attain similar antibody candidates..
Early Outcomes of Pelvic Trauma Patients – Complications, ICU Stay and Treatment Concepts in Two ATLS Compliant Trauma Centers: Germany and Qatar
Authors: Keil Holger , El-Menyar Ayman , Daerr Julian , Weil Frederik , Abdelrahman Husham , Alhammoud Abduljabbar , Ghouri Syed I , Wahlen Bianca M , Al-Thani Hassan , Grützner Paul A , Münzberg Matthias
Published: December 2020

Background: Pelvic trauma causes severe threats especially to polytraumatized patients. Not only it is in itself a possible cause for significant bleeding but it also indicates a high risk for intra-abdominal injuries. The initial treatment of patients with pelvic trauma follows the ATLS principles of priority-oriented treatment. To examine the value of this highly standardized concept and to evaluate the effect of different patient collectives on early outcome parameters, two large collectives from Germany and Qatar were analyzed regarding injury parameters and early outcomes.Methods: Patients were recruited in Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar (HGH) and BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, Germany (BG). All patients that were treated with a pelvic fracture between 2013 and 2016 were included in this retrospective analysis. Demographic parameters were collected as well as type of injury and the frequency of complication parameters as pneumonia, acute kidney failure, ARDS, sepsis and amount of blood transfusion.Results: We recruited 1436 patients with pelvic fracture (645 from BG and 791 from HGH). The mean age was 57.4 years in the BG and 33.6 years in the HGH group (p<0.000). The mean ISS was 17.81 in the BG and 15.88 in the HGH group (p=0.009). The mean pelvic AIS was 2.65 in the BG and 2.25 in the HGH group (p<0.000). The mean frequency of complications was 9.3% in the BG and 9.9% in the HGH group (p=0.128). The mean frequency of ARDS was significantly higher in the BG group than in the HGH group (5.6% vs. 1.8%, p<0.000). The mean frequency of blood transfusion was significantly lower in the BG group than in the HGH group (28.8% vs. 39.2%, p<0.000).Conclusions: Despite significant differences in the two collectives, this analysis shows comparable results regarding early outcome parameters in patients with pelvic injuries. In total, pelvic injuries are accompanied by a relatively high complication risk and need to be evaluated and treated according to priority-based algorithms.