bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative performance of the mussels Perna perna and Perna viridis, cultivated at four different depths
Authors: García Marielyn , Seijo César Lodeiros , Freites Luis , Córdova Henry , Suástegui José Manuel Mazón , Babarro José
Published: September 2016

Abstract This study aims to evaluate the effect of environmental variability on the growth and survival of the subtropical and tropical mussels Perna perna and Perna viridis at four different culture depths in the Gulf of Cariaco during an annual cycle. Juveniles of P. perna (39.1±1.88 mm in shell length) and P. viridis (36.7±1.87 mm) were sown on nylon ropes (3/4") and suspended from a raft at 1, 3, 6 and 9 m depths. Every six weeks, three replicates of each species were sampled (10 individuals per replicate) at each depth. Growth parameters were determined: mass and shell length, dry mass of soft tissues as well as fouling and survival rates. Temperature, transparency, chlorophyll a, oxygen, salinity and particulate organic and inorganic matter were recorded at each culture depth for the purpose of relating growth and survival to environmental change. The results show that the growth of both species was linked to the environment, especially with regard to the influence of the food and temperature. A period of stagnant growth of P. perna was associated with the higher temperature and lower phytoplankton biomass that is characteristic of the season with prevalent water column stratification (August-November 2007). By contrast, the growth of P. viridis did not stagnate, although it was gradual and relatively lower. At the end, P. perna achieved higher growth rates than P. viridis. Possible culture strategies to improve the production of both mussel species are discussed.
The circulation of the lower Capibaribe Estuary (Brazil) and its implications for the transport of scalars
Authors: Schettini Carlos Augusto França , Miranda Josineide B. de , Valle-Levinson Arnoldo , Truccolo Eliane C. , Domingues Ernesto C.
Published: September 2016

Abstract The Capibaribe Estuary is a water body that crosses the Recife Metropolitan Area (RMA), one of the largest population centers in Brazil, and causes large pollutant loads and poor water quality. The fresh water inflow of wastewater from the RMA can account for three times the volume of the river discharge during the low discharge period. This article assesses the hydrodynamics and potential transport of particulate and dissolved scalars in this estuary. A field experiment was conducted to record the water level, current velocity, salinity, temperature and suspended particulate matter (SPM) contents during a full semi-diurnal tidal cycle. This experiment was performed during low river discharge and spring tide conditions. The estuary showed a partially mixed circulation pattern. The residual transport of water and salt were up estuary, while the SPM residual transport was down estuary. The former were understood as the effect of the residual circulation around the islands, while the latter was interpreted as a morphological factor inducing greater resuspension during the ebb, despite the symmetrical ebb and flood currents. This mechanism may transport SPM to the inner shelf, even under tide-dominated conditions when the opposite would be expected.
TRUNK MOBILITY AFTER MINIMALLY INVASIVE ONE-LEVEL LUMBAR INSTRUMENTATION
Authors: SIMÕES MARCELO SIMONI , ABREU ERNANI VIANNA DE , KAIPER MARCIA BALLE , SILVA ALESSANDRO MACHADO DA , ALEXANDRINO THIANE
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the impact of a minimally invasive lumbar one-level fixation on trunk mobility and quality of life compared with the preoperative condition in 26 consecutive patients. Methods: The following data were collected preoperatively and postoperatively for the statistical analysis: maximal trunk extension and flexion angles, Visual Analog Scale of pain and Oswestry Disability Index scores. Results: There was improvement in all variables. Statistical significance was observed in trunk extension, pain, and Oswestry Disability Index. Although mobility in trunk flexion was higher in average values after surgery, this difference was not statistically demonstrated. Conclusion: Minimally invasive one-level lumbar fixation does not cause reduction of trunk flexibility in comparison to the mobility before surgery.
Trophic structure of macroinvertebrates in tropical pasture streams
Authors: Silveira-Manzotti Bruna Neves da , Manzotti Angelo Rodrigo , Ceneviva-Bastos Mônica , Casatti Lilian
Published: September 2016

Abstract: Aim The aim of this study was to describe the diet of stream macroinvertebrates and to determine their trophic groups. Methods Invertebrates were sampled with D nets in three pasture streams. They were identified to genus level and submitted to gut content analysis, except for fluid feeders such as hemipterans, to which diet data was obtained from the literature. Trophic groups were determined based on a similarity analysis using the Bray-Curtis similarity coefficient. Results Five trophic groups were defined: fine-detritivores (feed mostly on fine particulate organic matter - FPOM), coarse-detritivores/herbivores (feed mostly on coarse particulate organic matter - CPOM - and plant material), omnivores, specialist-predators (prey upon aquatic insects only), and generalist-predators. Ephemeroptera, Diptera (except Tanypodinae), Coleoptera, and Trichoptera (except Smicridea) were detritivores. The caddis Macronema (Trichoptera) fed exclusively on plant detritus and Tanypodinae and Smicridea were classified as omnivores. The odonate families Calopterygidae and Gomphidae were classified as specialist-predators, while Macrobrachium (Decapoda), Belostoma, and Limnocoris (Hemiptera) were generalist-predators. Conclusions The great quantity and frequency of occurrence of FPOM consumed by most taxa highlight the importance of this food resource for macroinvertebrate communities from tropical streams. Furthermore, observed variations on trophic group assignment for some taxa indicate the generalist and opportunistic nature of these aquatic invertebrates. Such findings reinforce the importance of conducting gut content analysis on macroinvertebrates to understand their role in the structure and functioning of tropical streams.
Data Processing of Physiological Sensor Data and Alarm Determination Utilising Activity Recognition
Authors: Kang James Jin , Luan Tom , Larkin Henry
Published: September 2016

Current physiological sensors are passive and transmit sensed data to Monitoring centre (MC) through wireless body area network (WBAN) without processing data intelligently. We propose a solution to discern data requestors for prioritising and inferring data to reduce transactions and conserve battery power, which is important requirements of mobile health (mHealth). However, there is a problem for alarm determination without knowing the activity of the user. For example, 170 beats per minute of heart rate can be normal during exercising, however an alarm should be raised if this figure has been sensed during sleep. To solve this problem, we suggest utilising the existing activity recognition (AR) applications. Most of health related wearable devices include accelerometers along with physiological sensors. This paper presents a novel approach and solution to utilise physiological data with AR so that they can provide not only improved and efficient services such as alarm determination but also provide richer health information which may provide content for new markets as well as additional application services such as converged mobile health with aged care services. This has been verified by experimented tests and examples of using vital signs such as heart pulse rate, respiration rate and body temperature with a demonstrated outcome of AR accelerometer sensors integrated with an Android app.
Effect of inorganic fertilizers, organic manure and their time of application on fruit yield and quality in mango (Mangifera indica) cv. Dushehari
Authors: Boora Rajbir Singh
Published: September 2016

The experiment was conducted at Punjab Agricultural University, Regional Fruit Research Station, Bahadurgarh, Patiala on 15-years old mango trees of cultivar Dushehari planted at 10x 10 m. to study the effect of different levels of inorganic fertilizers, organic manure and their time of application on yield and quality of mango fruit Cv. Dushehari. There were ten treatments for this research experiment that included different levels of FYM, N, P2O5 and K2O T1- FYM 100kg (End of December) T2-FYM 50Kg+N500g P2O5500g +K2O500g. (End December) T3-N 1000g+P2O5 1000g+K2O1000g (End December) T4-FYM 100kg (Early July), T5-FYM 50 Kg+N500g P2O5 +500 g+K2O500g.(Early July) T6-N 1000g+P2O5 1000g+K2O1000g (Early July), T7- FYM 100kg (End September), T8- FYM 50Kg+N500g+P2O5 500 g+K2O500g.(End September)T9- N1000g+P2O51000g+K2O1000g (end September) and T10-Control. The results of the experiment showed that maximum fruit yield (66.85 kg/plant) and maximum number of fruits (347/tree) were obtained with the application of 50 kg. farm yard manure along with 500 g each of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium per tree in the month of September before flower bud differentiation.
Performance of American cotton-legumes based intercroppingsystem on nutrient uptake and soil nutrient status
Authors: Kumar Ravindra , Turkhede A. B. , Meena Shrimohan , Nagar R. K.
Published: September 2016

The field experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2014-15. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design, replicated thrice with eleven cropping systems. Significantly highest NPK uptake (38.97, 13.39 and 34.85 kg ha-1 respectively) was recorded in the cropping system of sole cotton. Significantly highest available N (222.75 kg ha-1) was recorded in sole blackgram and maximum available P (21.52 kg ha-1) was recorded in cotton + cowpea intercropping system. Cotton + clusterbean intercropping system was recorded significantly highest available K (355.60 kg/h
Time of application of fresh cow dung on productivity ofscented rice and its residual effect on linseed
Authors: Thakuria Kumudeswar , Thakuria Chayanika
Published: September 2016

Field experiments were conducted in the organic block of Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat (Assam) during 2012-13 under rainfed condition to evaluate the effects of different timings of fresh cow dung application on the productivity of scented rice and its residual effect on succeeding linseed crop. The results revealed that all the timings of fresh cow dung application significantly increased grain and straw yields of scented rice over the control. Among different timings, application of fresh cow dung as 5 t/ha at planting + 2.5 t/ha each at 30 and 45 days after planting (DAP) recorded the highest grain and straw yields but did not differ significantly with the application as 3.4 t/ha + 3.3 t/ha + 3.3 t/ha at 15, 30 and 45 DAP in case of grain yield and with 2.5t/ha each at 7, 15, 30 and 45 DAP in case of straw yield. The residual effect of fresh cow dung on succeeding linseed crop was similar with that of scented rice, however, fresh cow dung applied in four splits as 2.5 t/ha each at 7, 15, 30 and 45 DAP in scented rice produced the highest seed and stover yields of linseed. The trend of available nutrient contents in soil after harvest of both the crops was almost similar with that of the yield of rice and linseed.
Management of leaf spot (Alternaria polianthi) of tuberose through fungicides
Authors: Mazumder N. , Borah S. K. , Hatibarua Preeti
Published: September 2016

Six fungicides viz., mancozeb 75 WP @ 0.2%, chlorothalonil 75% WP @ 0.2% , tricyclazole 75% WP @ 0.1%, iprodione 25% + carbendazim 25% WP @ 0.1% , difenconazole 25% EC @ 0.1%, azoxystrobin 23 SC @ 0.1% were evaluated for managing leaf spot (Alternaria polianthi) of tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.) cv. Single Petal with during kharif, 2010-2013. Four sprays with azoxystrobin (0.1%) at 15 days interval, starting on disease appearance proved to be the most effective and resulted in the lowest disease incidence (10.98 PDI ) compared to control ( 34.39 PDI ). This treatment also gave a fairly good benefit: cost (B: C) ratio of 6.87. The economic analysis, however, revealed the effectiveness of a combo fungicide, iprodion (25%) + carbendazim (25%), followed by difenconazole when they were applied at 0.1% concentration. These treatments recorded highest B:C ratio of 7.11 and 6.90 with 69.98% and 71.47% disease reduction, respectively.
Effect of dietary supplementation of herbal growth promoteron performance of commercial broiler chicken
Authors: Mahanta J. D. , Borgohain B. , Sharma Mihir , Sapcota D. , Hussain Jakir
Published: September 2016

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of a Commercial Herbal Growth Promoter (CHGP) with a combination of selective nine numbers of herbs on the performance of broiler chicken. A total of 120 day-old commercial broiler chicks having similar body weight from a single hatch were procured and chicks were randomly distributed into four groups viz, T0 (standard basal diet as control), T1 (basal diet + 1.0 % CHGP powder), T2 (basal diet + 2.0 % CHGP powder) and T3 (basal diet + 3.0 % CHGP powder) comprising 30 chicks in each groups. All the birds were managed under uniform managemental condition. The final body weight was significantly (P£0.01) highest in T2 (2059.83 g) followed by T3 (1956.67 g), T0 (1845.33 g) and T1 (1825.17 g). In respect of overall Feed Conversion Ratios (FCR), T2 group showed significantly (P£0.05) best FCR value of 1.69 followed by T3 (1.77), T0 (1.85) and T1 (1.87). The study revealed that there was increased body weight, improved FCR, higher BPEI, cent per cent livability and increased gross profit per broiler in birds offered 2% CHGP powder as herbal growth promoter.
Sequencing of growth hormone gene for detection of polymorphisms and their relationship with body weight in Harri sheep
Authors: Afifi Mohamed , Abdelmoneim Tamer S. , Brooks Peter H. , Abdel-Aziz Swelum Ayman
Published: September 2016

This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between growth hormone (GH) gene polymorphism and estimated body weight in Harri sheep. One hundred Harri sheep lambs were used to determine the birth weight (BW) and weight at 120 days of age. The daily live-weight gain (DLWG) 0-120 days (g) was calculated. The complete CDS of the Harri sheep GH gene is 2117pb in length (GenBank acc. no. KU255857). Three novel SNPs were detected by comparing with GenBanke acc. no. X12546_1. The G871A SNP in intron II, G1383A in exon IV that resulted in conversion of the amino acid arginine number 121 to lysine (R121K) and the A1509G in intron IV. Each SNP was found on both alleles the mutant homozygote was more common (48, 56 and 50%) than the heterozygote (30, 18 and 20%) for G871A, G1383A and A1509G respectively.A positive significant (P is less than 0.05) correlation between growth traits (BW, 120 day body weight and DLWG) and SNP and a highly significant correlation with the genotype were detected. The regression analysis indicated the positive effect of genotype and SNPs on the growth traits. Individuals carrying homozygote mutant alleles had the heaviest body weight and the highest DLWG. Consequently, these SNP may be useful indicators in the selection of lambs for higher growth rate and meat production
Thermally induced stress revealed behavioral, hormonaland histological disturbances in mice model
Authors: Genlin Wang , Memon Shahar Bano , Lian Li , Gadahi Javaid Ali
Published: September 2016

Behavioral, hormonal and histological changes caused by heat stress at 30 and 40oC were studied in mice model. As a result, obnoxious activities like restlessness and hyperactivity were observed. Rectal temperature was significantly increased at 40oC as well as the increase in water intake, whereas, the feed intake remained consistent. Body weight significantly decreased at 40oC. Serum testosterone has shown a decrease in both groups. At day 7 of the treatment, low levels of growth hormone were recorded whereas no significant difference was recorded at day 15. Adrenocorticotropic hormone level was significantly decreased in both groups at day 7. Shrinking of the seminiferous tubules with irregular appearance containing less spermatozoa was also observed at 40oC. Testicular degeneration and atrophy of leydig cells were also observed. Finally, we concluded that heat stress adversely affects the male reproductive functions along with hormonal imbalances and decline in the spermatogenesis.
The effects of calving season and parity on colostrum quality of Holstein cows
Authors: Yayalak Erdal , Yavuz Musa , Özkaya Serkan
Published: September 2016

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of calving season (winter and spring) and parity (first and second parity) on colostrum quality. Colostrum of 42 Holstein cows raised at a private dairy farm was used in this experiment. Calving season and parity had no effects on major components of colostrum. However, somatic cell count (SCC) and the brightness of the colostrum (L*) values were affected by calving season (Pis less than 0.05). The mean of winter colostrum SCC was lower than the spring season (P is less than0.05). The brightness of the colostrum was found to be higher in winter season than in spring season (Pis less than 0.01). Colostrometer has been used to evaluate colostrum quality and Brix refractometer and colorimeter can also be used to assess colostrum quality.
Effect of fibrolytic enzymes on serum testosterone level and someof carcass traits in Turkish Awassi male lambs
Authors: Ahmed Khalid Dfeek
Published: September 2016

The study was conducted to investigate the effect of fibrolytic enzymes in diet of male Turkish Awassi lambs on the levels of testosterone and some carcass traits. The study included 12 male lambs, aged 4 months with an average body weight of 26±0.50 kg. The animals were divided into 3 equal groups with 4 animals / group. The first group (control C), was fed wheat straw ad libtum with concentrate ration in a ratio of 2 % of body weight on dry matter basis. The other groups were provided the same previous diet of the control group and supplemented with fibrolytic enzymes as 3 and 4g per animal per day for the second and third group respectively. The result showed a significant differences (P is less than 0.05) in the level of testosterone between the 2nd group (3g of fibrolytic enzymes) and other groups. The weights of internal organs showed no significant differences (P is less than 0.05) among male lambs of different groups. Group of 4g fibrolytic enzymes showed significant increase (P is less than0.05) in abdominal fat as compared with control groups. It was concluded from this study that addition of fibrolytic enzymes to the diet of male lambs in concentration of 3g has an effect on serum testosterone and have an effects on abdominal fat in a concentration of 4g.
Co-treatment of old landfill leachate and municipal wastewater in sequencing batch reactor (SBR): effect of landfill leachate concentration
Authors: Ranjan Kshitij , Chakraborty Shubhrasekhar , Verma Mohini , Iqbal Jawed , Kumar R. Naresh
Published: September 2016

Sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was assessed for direct co-treatment of old landfill leachate and municipal wastewater for chemical oxygen demand (COD), nutrients and turbidity removal. Nitrogen removal was achieved by sequential nitrification and denitrification under post-anoxic conditions. Initially, SBR operating conditions were optimized by varying hydraulic retention time (HRT) at 20% (v/v) landfill leachate concentration, and results showed that 6 d HRT was suitable for co-treatment. SBR performance was assessed in terms of COD, ammonia, nitrate, phosphate, and turbidity removal efficiency. pH, mixed liquor suspended solids, mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS), and sludge volume index were monitored to evaluate stability of SBR. MLVSS indicated that biomass was able to grow even at higher concentrations of old landfill leachate. Ammonia and nitrate removal efficiency was more than 93% and 83%, respectively, whereas COD reduction was in the range of 60–70%. Phosphate and turbidity removal efficiency was 80% and 83%, respectively. Microbial growth kinetic parameters indicated that there was no inhibition of biomass growth up to 20% landfill leachate. The results highlighted that SBR can be used as an initial step for direct co-treatment of landfill leachate and municipal wastewater.
Water reuse through managed aquifer recharge (MAR): assessment of regulations/guidelines and case studies
Authors: Yuan Jie , Van Dyke Michele I. , Huck Peter M.
Published: September 2016

Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) with reclaimed water is an important water reuse application. As an intentional way of recharging water into aquifers, MAR can be used to address water shortages and contribute to sustainable water resources management practices. The establishment of a MAR system depends on the source of recharge water, the selection of a recharge method and site, the type of water treatment system, and the ultimate purpose of recovered water, and these components are closely related and integrated. However, at present, detailed regulations or guidelines that specifically guide MAR with reclaimed water are unavailable in most countries. The complexity of MAR systems and the lack of a sophisticated regulatory framework increase the difficulties of MAR implementation. This review provides an introduction to MAR with reclaimed water and a comparison of current worldwide water reuse regulations or guidelines, including a proposed approach for MAR implementation. An analysis of selected MAR with reclaimed water case studies was also done within the context of this proposed approach. This paper recommends the development of specific regulatory or design criteria, including a complete quantitative risk assessment framework for the evaluation and operation of MAR systems.
Prediction of non-cohesive sediment transport in circular channels in deposition and limit of deposition states using SVM
Authors: Roushangar Kiyoumars , Ghasempour Roghayeh
Published: September 2016

Sedimentation in sewer pipes has a negative impact on the performance of sewerage systems. However, due to the complex nature of sedimentation, determining the governing equations is difficult and the results of the available classic models for computing bedload transport rate often differ from each other. This paper focuses on the capability of a support vector machine (SVM) as a meta-model approach for predicting bedload transport in pipes. The method was applied for the deposition and limit of deposition states of sediment transport. Two different scenarios were proposed: in Scenario 1, the input combinations were prepared using only hydraulic characteristics, on the other hand, Scenario 2 was built using both hydraulic and sediment characteristics as model inputs of bedload transport. A comparison between the SVM and the employed classic approaches in predicting sediment transport indicated the supreme performance of the SVM, in which more accurate results were obtained. Also it was found that for estimation of bedload transport in pipes, Scenario 2 led to a more valid outcome than Scenario 1. Based on the sensitivity analysis, parameters Frm and d50/y in the limit of deposition state and Frm in the deposition state had the more dominant role in prediction of bedload discharge in pipes than other parameters.
Study on the nucleation aspects and morphology of reverse osmosis desalination scales with and without scale inhibitor at different supersaturation ratios
Authors: Abdel-Ghafar H. M. , Abdel-Aal E. A. , El Anadouli B. E.
Published: September 2016

Nucleation and crystallization studies of CaSO4.2H2O were carried out under simulated conditions of scale formation in the reverse osmosis desalination technique. Equal molar ratios of CaCl2 and NaSO4 aqueous solutions were mixed with saline solution of NaCl (40 g/L). Turbidity measurements were carried out for the mixed solutions at different time intervals to determine induction period for the crystal formation of gypsum at ambient temperature (25 °C). Induction period was measured under different high supersaturation ratios ranging from 4.47 to 6.71. Induction period decreases exponentially with increasing supersaturation ratios. Free energy barrier values, critical nucleus radius and nucleation rates were calculated with and without addition of antiscalant {(scale inhibitor) [sodium hexametaphosphate (NaPO3)6, SHMP]} using crystallization equations that relate induction period with supersaturation ratios. The radius of critical nucleus increased by about 30% with SHMP addition compared with the baseline at all the studied supersaturation ratios. Most importantly, scanning electron microscope (SEM) photomicrographs show that, the shapes of crystals of the uninhibited solutions are needle-like and plate-like crystals at supersaturation ratios of 4.47 and 6.71, respectively. Addition of 4.0 mg/L SHMP antiscalant modify the shape of crystals to be similar to that at low supersaturation ratio.
Mí­dia, eleições e pesquisas de opinião no Brasil (1989-2010): um mapeamento da presença das pesquisas na cobertura eleitoral
Authors: Biroli Flavia , Miguel Luis Felipe , Mota Fernanda Ferreira
Published: September 2016

Neste artigo, analisamos a presença das pesquisas de opinião na mídia brasileira, em períodos eleitorais. Para tanto, produzimos um mapeamento da publicação das pesquisas na mídia impressa entre 1989 e 2010, nos períodos correspondentes à campanha nas seis eleições presidenciais que ocorreram nesse intervalo. A análise observa padrões e especificidades na divulgação das pesquisas pelos principais jornais diários e revistas semanais de informação brasileiros no período indicado, com atenção para o destaque assumido pelas pesquisas nos veículos, a forma de apresentação (estratificação, informações metodológicas etc.) e seu peso na definição da cobertura e das formas de atuação da mídia nas disputas.
Comportamento e valores políticos de eleitores
Authors: Veiga Luciana
Published: September 2016

Estudos (DALTON, 2002) vem apontando para o crescimento de dois tipos de eleitores  nas últimas décadas: o eleitor apartidário, mas sofisticado cognitivamente e mobilizado em relação ao tema da política, e o eleitor partidário  sem muitos recursos cognitivos e informação sobre os assuntos políticos.Tais perfis contrariam as descrições dos eleitores partidários e apartidários dos anos 60 (CAMPBELL, 1960). Buscamos, assim, aplicar a tipologia inspirado em DALTON (2008), que classifica os eleitores de acordo com duas variáveis: preferência partidária e sofisticação cognitiva sobre assuntos da política. A partir de análise de surveys do Estudo Eleitoral Brasileiro, realizados em 2002 e 2006, a intenção é verificar se os quatro tipos de eleitores se diferenciam no procedimento da escolha do voto e nos valores envolvidos neste comportamento (identificação ideológica e preferência partidária, grau de satisfação com os governos e avaliação da imagem do político). Os resultados encontrados apontam que há muitas similaridades sobre os procedimentos da escolha – todos disseram priorizar os temas/propostas, em seguida o passado e a imagem do político, e por último o partido ao elaborarem a sua decisão. Muitas são as diferenças sobre a avaliação do governo e, principalmente, sobre a avaliação de candidato, em 2002, e também presidente em 2006, Lula.
A relação entre a mídia e a Sociedade Civil em Gramsci
Authors: Almeida Jorge
Published: September 2016

O objetivo deste artigo é discutir a relação entre a mídia e a Sociedade Civil em Antonio Gramsci e se relaciona com o estudo teórico sobre as questões da chamada “Imprensa” e da “Opinião Pública” na obra deste pensador. Estas questões são estudadas de modo articulado com outros conceitos, relacionados a elas, presentes na obra gramsciana, especialmente os de Hegemonia, Bloco Histórico, Sociedade Civil, Sociedade Política, Estrutura Econômica e Cultura.
Democracia e internet: apontamentos para a sistematização dos estudos da área
Authors: Bragatto Rachel Callai
Published: September 2016

Mesmo havendo concordância de que a internet, em certa medida, transforma a relação dos indivíduos com a informação política e de que pode propiciar distintas formas de relação entre a cidadania e o Estado, não há ainda clareza a respeito do tipo de impacto gerado e nem do seu alcance. Nesse sentido, o presente artigo, por meio de um mapeamento das pesquisas sobre democracia e internet,busca identificar alguns momentos-chave da discussão e contribuir com o desenvolvimento do campo a partir de uma proposta de sistematização dos estudos. É adotada uma classificação de acordo com três clivagens principais: a primeira diz respeito à filiação dos trabalhos às vertentes social ou institucional; a segunda refere-se à plataforma teórica e às escolhas dos pesquisadores ante o arcabouço teórico utilizado e a terceira considera os tipos de impacto do meio. Por fim, é exposta uma concepção denominada “formas de uso”, cuja orientação sistemática pode auxiliar no desenvolvimento de pesquisas futuras.
Políticas de comunicação, nova prioridade da Fundação Ford no Brasil
[Entrevista com Mauro Porto]
Authors: Aldé Alessandra
Published: September 2016

Entrevista com Mauro Porto
Clientelismo, internet e voto: a campanha on-line dos candidatos a vereador no Brasil Meridional no pleito de outubro de 2008
Authors: Braga Sergio Soares , Becher Andre Roberto , Nicolás Maria Alejandra
Published: September 2016

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar os resultados de nossa pesquisa sobre o uso da internet pelos candidatos a vereador de Curitiba, Florianópolis e Porto Alegre. A partir do exame da campanha virtual dos candidatos que utilizaram websites entre os cerca de 1400 postulantes aos cargos de vereador nestas capitais, procuramos avaliar o uso que estes políticos fizeram da internet nas eleições municipais de outubro de 2008. Nossa hipótese básica é a de que as páginas web dos candidatos a cargos eletivos, especialmente os vereadores, serviram predominantemente para veicular práticas tradicionais de política, reforçando os vínculos personalistas e clientelistas com o eleitorado. 
Rolling Stone Brasil: representações da crônica política através de ilustrações na editoria Política Nacional
Authors: Rocha Carlos Augusto , Magalhães Francisco Laerte Juvêncio
Published: September 2016

Entre as matérias da revista “Rolling Stone Brasil” as ilustrações estão em um espaço nobre, logo na primeira página da editoria “Política Nacional”. São relembrados os estudos sobre as imagens, através de Dondis (1991) Almeida (2011), Marcos (2011) e Bártolo (2011). Para estudar as imagens é aplicada a metodologia da Análise do Discurso, metodologia eficaz para a pesquisa a partir dos conceitos de enunciação e contrato de leitura. 
O Portal e-Democracia e suas potencialidades: avanços e desafios de uma ferramenta de participação legislativa (Entrevista com Cristiano Ferri de Faria)
Authors: Mitozo Isabele
Published: September 2016

Entrevista com Cristiano Ferri de Faria
Mobilização política por e-mail: uma análise da Avaaz como ator-rede
Authors: Castañeda Marcelo
Published: September 2016

O artigo procura analisar as práticas e os fluxos da operação de uma organização que usa a internet de forma intensa, a Avaaz, à luz da teoria do ator-rede na vertente elaborada por Bruno Latour. Para tal, começa por apresentar essa vertente teórica que procura inserir objetos materiais na análise sociológica de modo a caracterizar esta organização de campanhas como um conjunto heterogêneo composto por humanos e não humanos que se configuram a cada campanha lançada. O artigo se concentra na caracterização dos membros da Avaaz, sua distribuição ao redor do mundo, os alertas de e-mail que são enviados aos membros, as oportunidades de participação oferecidas, os diferentes temas abordados e os alvos construídos a cada campanha.
No Brasil, rádio e televisão influenciam relações políticas nas instâncias de poder
Authors: Correia Genira Chagas
Published: September 2016

RESUMO

Este texto busca apontar aspectos da radiodifusão brasileira – rádio e televisão – a partir de análise da legislação, visando reforçar o entendimento da influência desses meios sobre os acontecimentos políticos, reconhecidos posteriormente como parte da História. Problematiza-se a utilização desses instrumentos como instância de força em sucessivos governos – de Getúlio Vargas a João Goulart –, apontando como a visibilidade modifica as relações políticas nas instâncias do poder. 
Campanha eleitoral nas redes sociais: estratégias empregadas pelos candidatos à Presidência em 2014 no Facebook
Authors: Massuchin Michele Goulart , Tavares Camilla Quesada
Published: September 2016

Este artigo faz uma análise das estratégias que os três principais candidatos de 2014 – Dilma Rousseff, Marina Silva e Aécio Neves – empregam nas redes sociais, tomando-se como exemplo o Facebook. A análise tem como ponto de partida os modelos de Figueiredo et al (1998) e Albuquerque (1999) para a observação das estratégias tradicionais e adiciona algumas típicas da internet (Willians e Gulati, 2013; Bor, 2013; Jensen e Dyrby, 2013). A metodologia é quantitativa de análise de conteúdo e o período observado são os 90 dias que compõem o primeiro turno da campanha eleitoral no Brasil, sendo a análise feita a partir de uma amostra de 803 postagens. Os resultados indicam que a estratégia de mobilização (online e offline), mesclada com a promoção de agenda, é o que predomina no Facebook.
Effect of pretreatments and packaging on the growth of bacteria in value added summer onion products
Authors: Alam MM , Islam MN
Published: September 2016

The experiment was carried out to investigate the bacteria in fresh and different processed onion. Total number of viable bacteria (cfu/g) in fresh onion and dehydrated processed onion packed in High Density Ployethylene (HDPE) and Aluminum foil (ALF) was estimated at 0, 6 and 12 month interval following storage at room temperature (RT, 20-250C) and refrigerated temperature (RFT, 50C). Samples tested were fresh onion (S0), dried onion (S1), blanched and dried (S2), blanched + sulphited and dried (S3), 25% salt osmosed and dried (S4), 60% sugar osmosed and dried (S5) and 55/15% sugar-salt osmosed dried onion (S6). It was found that the lowest bacterial count (2X101 and 9X101 cfu/g) was given by 25% salt osmosed onion (S4) and the total number of vialed bacteria (TVB) count in the other samples varied in the order of S3 S6  S5 S2  S1 (45-97x103 cfu/g) and sample S1 having no pretreatment before drying gave the highest TVB among the samples and the preservation effect was only due to reduction of aw during drying.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 41(3): 507-519, September 2016
Sympathetic nerve function status and their relationships with ovarian hormones in healthy young women
Authors: Naher Latifa Afrin Dill , Begum Noorzahan , Ferdousi Sultana
Published: September 2016

Background: Alteration of sympathetic nerve activity during different phases of menstrual cycle in healthy young women, has been found related with phasic fluctuation of ovarian hormones.Objective: To observe relation of sympathetic nerve function status with estrogen and progesterone during follicular and luteal phases of menstrual cycle in healthy young women.Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out in the Department of physiology of BSMMU, Dhaka from 1st January to 31st December 2007. Thirty apparently healthy unmarried women with age 20 to 30 years were selected. Sympathetic nerve function was evaluated by 2 reflex tests, orthostatic test and sustained handgrip, during the three phases of menstrual cycle. Serum estrogen and progesterone were measured during follicular and luteal phases. Data were analyzed by One way ANOVA, an unpaired t test and Pearsons correlation coefficient where applicable.Results: There were no significant significant differences among sympathetic nerve function parameters during three phases of menstrual cycle. Serum estrogen and progesterone showed non significant (p>0.05) relationship with sympathetic nerve function parameters.Conclusion: From this study it may be concluded that sympathetic nerve activity remains unaltered despite fluctuation of ovarian hormones in different phases of menstrual cycle in healthy young women.Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2016, June; 11(1): 13-17
Antinociceptive and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Diclofenac Sodium Along with B Vitamins on Acute Pulpitis
Authors: Kabir Rumana , Jahan Nasim , Sultana Nayma , Choudhury Rama
Published: September 2016

Background: In acute pulpitis intense pain and inflammatory changes are the main features of the patients. Diclofenac sodium is commonly used in the treatment of dental pain but has many side effects. To reduce the dose and duration of traditional analgesic drugs several members of B vitamins (B1, B6, B12) can be used.Objective: To observe the combined effects of diclofenac sodium with B vitamins in acute pulpitis patients.Method: This prospective interventional study was carried out in the Department of Physiology, Sir Salimullah Medical College (SSMC), Dhaka between July 2014 and June 2015. Ethical permission was taken from the Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC) of SSMC. Sixty diagnosed acute pulpitis patients of both sexes, aged 18-40 years were included by purposive sampling from the Out Patient Department of Dental unit of SSMC. They were divided into 2 groups (30 patients in each group), as diclofenac treated group received only diclofenac sodium (DS) for 5 days and combined treated group received combination of DS with B vitamins (BV) for same duration (DS&BV). Both the groups were studied two times i.e before taking Diclofenac Sodium on day 1 (DS d 1), after taking Diclofenac Sodium on day 5 (DS d 5) and before taking both DS with B vitamins on day 1 (DS & BV d 1), after taking both DS with B Vitamins on day 5 (DS & BV d 5). The intensity of pain was scored by Visual Analog Scale (VAS) by using a Verbal Descriptive Scale (VDS) as a guide. Again, serum CRP level was measured by latex method. The statistical analysis was done by paired samplet test.Results: In this study, VAS score (p<0.001, p<0.01 respectively) and serum CRP (p<0.001) level were significantly reduced in acute pulpitis patients after 5 days treatment of diclofenac sodium with B vitamins supplementation in comparison to their pre supplemented state and to the patients treated with only diclofenac sodium.Conclusion: The present study revealed that, the combination of diclofenac sodium along with B vitamins reduce pain and inflammation more efficiently than the treatment with diclofenac alone.Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2016, June; 11(1): 29-34
TAP-Dependent and -Independent Peptide Import into Dendritic Cell Phagosomes
Authors: Lawand Myriam , Abramova Anastasia , Manceau Valérie , Springer Sebastian , van Endert Peter
Published: September 2016

Cross-presentation of phagocytosed Ags by MHC class I (MHC-I) molecules is thought to involve transport of cytosolic peptides into dendritic cell phagosomes, mediated by TAP transporters recruited from the endoplasmic reticulum. However, because pure and tightly sealed phagosomes are difficult to obtain, direct evidence for peptide transport into phagosomes has remained limited. Moreover, the parameters determining peptide uptake by, and survival in, phagosomes remain little characterized. In this study, we monitored peptide import into phagosomes by flow cytometry using two types of fluorescent reporter peptides, one of which directly bound to intraphagosomal beads. We observed that a peptide with high TAP affinity is imported into phagosomes in a TAP- and ATP-dependent manner, as expected. However, surprisingly, import of the OVA peptide SIINFEKL, a CD8+ T cell epitope frequently used to study cross-presentation, is ATP-dependent but substantially TAP-independent. The half-life of both reporter peptides is shortened by enhanced phagosome maturation triggered by TLR signaling. Conversely, formation of complexes with MHC-I molecules enhances peptide accumulation in phagosomes. Collectively, these results confirm that TAP can import peptides into phagosomes, but they suggest that some peptides, including the popular SIINFEKL, can enter phagosomes also via a second unknown energy-dependent mechanism. Therefore, the frequently reported TAP dependence of cross-presentation of phagocytosed OVA may principally reflect a requirement for recycling MHC-I molecules rather than SIINFEKL import into phagosomes via TAP.
JAK2 Disease-Risk Variants Are Gain of Function and JAK Signaling Threshold Determines Innate Receptor-Induced Proinflammatory Cytokine Secretion in Macrophages
Authors: Hedl Matija , Proctor Deborah D. , Abraham Clara
Published: September 2016

JAK2 genetic variants are associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and JAK inhibitors are being evaluated for therapy targeting immune-mediated diseases, including IBD. As JAK pathway-mediated cytokine regulation varies across cell types and stimulation conditions, we examined how JAK signaling and IBD-associated JAK2 variants regulate distinct acute and chronic microbial product exposure outcomes in human myeloid cells, consistent with the conditions of initial entry and ongoing intestinal tissue residence, respectively. Macrophages from controls and ulcerative colitis patients carrying the IBD-risk rs10758669 CC genotype showed increased JAK2 expression and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2-induced JAK2 phosphorylation relative to AA carriers. Interestingly, the threshold of JAK2 expression and signaling determined pattern-recognition receptor (PRR)-induced outcomes; whereas anti-inflammatory cytokines progressively decreased with lower JAK2 expression, proinflammatory cytokines switched from decreased to increased secretion below a certain JAK2 expression threshold. Low JAK2-expressing rs10758669 AA macrophages were above this threshold; consequently, both PRR-induced pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines were decreased. However, relative to rs10758669 CC risk carriers, AA carrier macrophages switched to increased nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2-induced proinflammatory cytokines at lower therapeutically used JAK inhibitor doses. Importantly, JAK inhibitors increased proinflammatory cytokines secreted by peripheral macrophages following chronic PRR stimulation and by human intestinal myeloid cells following exposure to intestinal pathogens. Mechanistically, the decreased response to and secretion of autocrine/paracrine IL-10, IL-4, IL-22 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin regulated these JAK-dependent outcomes in myeloid cells. Taken together, the JAK signaling threshold determines whether PRR-induced pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines are reciprocally regulated in myeloid cells; consideration of JAK2 genotype and targeting of specific cell types might improve JAK-targeted therapy in immune-mediated diseases.
Analysis of Faculty Knowledge of Human Subjects Protections in Research
Authors: Ybarra Anissa , Kupczynski Lori , Mundy Marie-Anne , Oller Stephen D.
Published: September 2016

Institutions of higher education are continually engaging in human subject research at the faculty and student level. It is extremely important that all research involving human subjects is in compliance with the UnitedInstitutions of higher education are continually engaging in human subject research at the faculty and student level. It is extremely important that all research involving human subjects is in compliance with the United States (U.S.) Federal Policy for the Protection of Human Research Subjects. If faculty and students are not following the guidelines for the ethical conduct of human subject research, their institution will be at risk of losing any federal funding acquired through these studies and risk the possibility of having all research shut down. The lack of faculty knowledge in the area of human subjects research protections has been considered non-compliance for human subjects research. The purpose of this study was to determine if a significant relationship exists between the areas of faculty research experience in higher education and knowledge of the Total Governing Principles of U.S. Codes and Regulations. The study sought to find if faculty experience in research could predict their knowledge of human subjects research protections. In order to test each hypothesis, two statistical tests were conducted. A Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) was utilized as well as a One-Way Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA). Findings indicated that there is no statistical significance between the amount of faculty experience in research and their knowledge of the U.S. Codes and Regulations for human subjects research protections. States (U.S.) Federal Policy for the Protection of Human Research Subjects. If faculty and students are not following the guidelines for the ethical conduct of human subject research, their institution will be at risk of losing any federal funding acquired through these studies and risk the possibility of having all research shut down. The lack of faculty knowledge in the area of human subjects research protections has been considered non-compliance for human subjects research. The purpose of this study was to determine if a significant relationship exists between the areas of faculty research experience in higher education and knowledge of the Total Governing Principles of human subjects research protections U.S. Codes and Regulations. The study sought to find if faculty’s experience in research could predict their knowledge of human subjects research protections. In order to test each hypothesis, two statistical tests were conducted. A Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) was utilized as well as a One-Way Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA). Findings indicated that there is no statistical significance between the amount of faculty experience in research and their knowledge of the U.S. Codes and Regulations for human subjects research protections.
Management: Work for the Decision Makers: Literature Reviews as a High-Impact Service
Authors: Naylor Mary
Published: September 2016

For academic libraries to thrive, they must continue to find new ways to be relevant to their campus communities. In this column, Dustin Fife and Mary Naylor describe the Utah Valley University Library’s recent introduction of research services for campus administrators and decision makers—constituents who often are not directly served by campus libraries. This relatively new service already has facilitated increased access to university leaders and provided additional insight into academic affairs. As importantly, it has paid dividends for the library and librarians by raising awareness of what they have to offer.—Editor
From the Editor: A Thirty-Year Reflection on the Value of Reference
Authors: Murray David C.
Published: September 2016

As RUSA is exploring how, if at all, the word “reference” succeeds in describing what its members do in the twenty-first-century library, it seemed an opportune moment to publish David Murray’s column reflecting on reference services. I hope that this column will help us to continue the discussion of how best to describe, in a usable fashion, the complex work that public service librarians are engaged in. I would be eager to feature the work of other writers who would like to contribute to this discussion, and encourage anyone interested in writing on this topic to contact me at btrott@wrl.org. We all agree, I believe, that our work is important to our users, and the challenge is in finding a way to recognize the changes that have happened in that work without abandoning the strengths that brought us to this point. I believe that David’s column is a good start to that discussion.—Editor
From Committees of RUSA: Best Free Reference Websites: Eighteenth Annual List
Authors: ETS Emerging Technologies Section
Published: September 2016

Welcome to the eighteenth annual “Best Free Reference Websites” list. It is hard to believe that this project has been around since the late 1990s. In 1998, the Machine-Assisted Reference Section (MARS) of RUSA appointed an ad hoc task force to develop a method of recognizing outstanding reference websites. The task force became a formal committee at the 2001 ALA Annual Conference, and is now named the ETS Best Free Reference Websites Committee.