bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intégration européenne : décomposition ou réémergence des États nationaux
Authors: Kohler-Koch Beate
Published: December 2021

Bien que leur statut constitutionnel, et donc leurs compétences, varient fortement d'un État à l'autre, les régions des différents pays membres de l'Union Européenne ont vu depuis quelques années leurs compétences s'accroître, notamment dans le cadre de la mise en œuvre des politiques économiques communautaires. Certains voient dans ce double mouvement d'accroissement des pouvoirs des institutions communautaires d'un côté et des structures régionales de l'autre, l'ouverture d'un processus vers la désintégration et la disparition des États nationaux. Analysant la diversité des situations, comme celle des raisons et des motivations de la régionalisation et du fédéralisme, l'auteur montre que le terme de cette évolution est loin d'être établi, au moins pour un avenir proche.
Régions ambiguës dans une Europe incertaine
Authors: Galloul Mahfoud
Published: December 2021

La «Région » ocupa hoy una posiciôn intermediaria y original en la organizaciôn francesa, entre Europa, los «départements » (provincias) y las «communes » (municipios). Encunetra dificilmente su identidad, porque esta sometida a las lôgicas del Estadio y de Europa en un contexto de crisis econômica y social. Por sus origenes doctrinales ambiguos, sufre la indeterminaciôn de sus misiones, de ses medios y de sus proyectos.
A la recherche d'interlocuteurs... La Commission Européenne et le développement territorial
Authors: Smith Andy , Smyrl Marc
Published: December 2021

Paradoxalement, jusqu'au milieu des années 1980, les politiques de développement territorial de la Communauté Européenne n'ont été le véhicule ni des intérêts régionaux, ni de ceux de la CE. En effet, ces politiques ont été dominées par une forte logique intergouvernementale. Depuis, par contre, la Commission et les collectivités locales françaises se sont recherchées mutuellement. Basé sur des enquêtes empiriques, cet article met en lumière la manière dont la mise en place de deux programmes communautaires, les PIM et le LEADER, ont alimenté ce rapprochement. Loin de contourner les États des Douze, comme l'auraient espéré les fédéralistes, ces programmes ont néanmoins contribué à la modification de leurs logiques de fonctionnement.
L'usage, la communication et le géographe
Authors: Lussault Michel
Published: December 2021

L'auteur de ce texte se propose d'esquisser les principes d'une pragmatique des usages individuels des instruments de communication, en en appréhendant, tout particulièrement, les dimensions socio-spatiales ; il s'agit donc d'évaluer les effets producteurs de spatialité des utilisations des NTIC, c'est-à-dire à la fois la capacité de celles-ci à contribuer à la mise en place d'agencements nouveaux des êtres et des choses à des échelles variées et leur impact dans la construction de la compétence socio-spatiale des individus. Dans la première partie consacrée à une réflexion générale autour de concepts clés, est posée l'idée de considéra* l'usage comme notion engageant l'analyse du champ de la vie quotidienne des individus ordinaires. La seconde partie est dévolue à la présentation de quelques dimensions spatiales majeures des usages des outils de communication actuels, présentation qui insiste sur le danger qu'il y aurait à vouloir trouver de toute force une subversion radicale des principes de la relation des individus à la société et à l'espace dans les agirs télécommunicationnels les plus contemporains.
Le modèle de carrière des ingénieurs à l'épreuve des mutations techniques et organisationnelles des entreprises
Authors: Moysan-Louazel Anne
Published: December 2021

El modelo de carrera los ingeniero frente a las mutaciones técnicas y organizacionales de las empresas

Este articulo trata de la constitucion histórica y de la renovación actual de la profesión de ingeniero situándose en su modelo de carrera en la industria. La gran empresa en la cual se ha construido el modelo clásico de carrera de los ingenieios se ha transformado profundamente bajo el efecto de una modificacion de la competencia, de la organización y de las técnicas. Esta empresa busca una nueva coherencia apoyándose en el aprendizaje de nuevas convenciones : se dibujan entonces nuevas trayectorias de movilidad que podrián en el futuro abrir cam i no a nuevos tipos de carrera interna para un numéro de ingenieros cada vez más importante
Frontière et isolement. Le cas des petites économies insulaires
Authors: Fustier Bernard , Burgarella-Mattei Marie-Noëlle
Published: December 2021

The frontier, the boundary and isolation. The case of small insular economies

This paper deals with isolation as a bad development factor for little insular regions. From a sample data dealing with some European regions, the regional GDP is explained by two variables which are linked with the external economic potential of the corresponding regions : population and distance from the European centre of economic gravity. The majority of islands are shown to have negative residues. Isolation (which we have to distinguish from the concept of peripherality) is thought to be responsible for this result. Isolation is not only a territorial discontinuity which hinders the island-continent relations ("external" isolation), it also refers to the state of insular society on the whole, and it has a negative effect upon its dynamics.
La cogestion allemande. Redistribution du pouvoir au sein de l'entreprise
Authors: Keller Tiziana
Published: December 2021

La cogestión alemana. Una redistribución del poder dentro de la empresa.

La cogestión constituye uno de los pilares del sistema aleman de relaciones prefesionales. Al hacer participar a los trabajadores en el proceso de decisión, conduce a una nueva distribución del poder en la empresa. Se puede interrogar uno sobre su legitimidad y su eficacia : las respuestas qui aqui se dan se hacen a partir de una retrospectiva histórica sobre su nacimiento, un analisis de los modelos teóricos utilizados para explicarla y, por fin, la presentación de algunos estudios empiricos.
Industries culturelles et attention publique. Une perspective cavalière
Authors: Rouet François
Published: December 2021

The cultural industries and public concern. The perspective of partnership

Cultural industries have experienced deep changes during the last twenty-five years and the attention paid to them by the public authorities, in particular in fields of culture, has considerably developed. The public support policies that were implemented in the various cultural sectors were in the first place formulated as a whole body. But later, due to the first shocks undergone by the cultural industries and their environment, the public authorities were led to take a more heterogeneous line. Culture industries, when considered together, go to make up a field with durably blurred outlines, which calls for a particular, culture-oriented attention from the public authorities, taking into account their specific relation to creation as well as the applying of the legislation regarding copyright and neighbouring rights which enable a measure of redistribution through collective action.
Évolution des procès de travail et des formes de valorisation dans les industries culturelles
Authors: Azpillaga Patxi , Carlos Miguel Juan , Zallo Ramon
Published: December 2021

The evolution of the work process and the form of valorization in cultural industries

This paper analyses, from the point of view of the cultural industries, changes which have come about recently in the realms of culture and communication. Starting from such axes as the work process and valorization, we examine the effects on the cultural structuration of society of technical transformations, deregulation and new forms of business management. We maintain discriminating and contrasted analyses which will enable us to avoid the mystification of technical discourse.
Patrimoines en ligne. La mémoire comme objet industriel
Authors: Négrier Emmanuel , Valarié Pierre
Published: December 2021

Patrimony on line. Memory as an industrial object

The notion of heritage is currently undergoing a profound reworking by the extension, both ecological and localist, of the objects of which it has traditionally been composed. Over and above the national and highly diverse public policies that have been focused on matters of heritage, the process itself of hybridization has generated tensions between the classical conception of heritage as preservation and transmission, and a more recent conception of creation and mass diffusion of this newly created heritage. Multimedia has taken a lead within this context as a solution to these tensions. It is currently transforming the status of the ensemble of our heritage, creating a whole new potential public for it, and radically transforming the classical hierarchy of its objects. It is transforming heritage into an industrial object.
La pluie et le beau temps dans les conversations quotidiennes. Aspects rituels et thématiques
Authors: Traverso Véronique
Published: December 2021

El tiempo en las conversaciones de cada dia : aspectos rituales y tematicos

Se describe el funcionamiento de los intercambios relativos al tiempo en las conversaciones de cada dia. Una presentación de las concepciones que interactuan muestra que casi siempre sólo se toman en cuenta algunos aspectos del intercambio meteorologico en las representaciones propuestas (la comunión fatica, la seguridad del tema, la obligación de evitar el silencio), hasta considerarlo un "puro" ritual. El analisis propuesto, realizado a partir de un corpus de intercambios auténticos, muestra que ademas de estas utilizaciones de las que se propone una tipologia, cabe prestar atención a la "tematica meteorológica" para restituir la propensión de los locutores a hablar del tiempo.
Le service universel dans les télécommunications. Approche néo-institutionnelle
Authors: Edel Frédéric
Published: December 2021

L'introduction du service universel dans la réglementation européenne des services d'intérêt général consacre la stricte séparation entre l'organisation économique de leur fourniture et sa justification politique. Dans le domaine des télécommunications, la démarche comparative néo-institutionnelle permet cependant de montrer, à partir des expériences américaine et française (modèle du service public) que les deux sphères se trouvent en interaction. Il apparaît alors que la volonté européenne d'harmonisation des pratiques nationales risque de se révéler inefficace. Surtout, cette analyse peut contribuer à justifier le modèle français de service public.
La réglementation des entreprises de service public. Analyse économique, fondements juridiques et modalités institutionnelles
Authors: Kirat Thierry
Published: December 2021

La regulación de las empresas del servicio publico. Analisis económica, fundamentos juridicos y modalidades institucionales

Las actividades de servicio publico tienen formas muy diversas que van del monopolio publico hasta empresas privadas reguladas. El articulo trata principalmente de este ultimo punto. El analisis comparado -que se refiere al caso de Francia y de los Estados Unidos -e histórico de la organización y de la regulación de las empresas privadas del servicio publico subraya que es importante considerar los regimenes juridicos e institucionales.
Economie et technoscience (1) Une perspective d'anthropologie économique
Authors: Prades Jacques
Published: December 2021

Economy and techno-science. (1) A economico-anthropological view

The market system and techno-science are part of the same dynamic, underpinned by an unlimited desire to rationally control the world. But neither man nor nature are commodities in the ordinary sense of the word. The sense of incompletion highlighted as much by Polanyi as by Heidegger, necessitates ever increasing means to correct and oust the effects of rationalization. Amongst these means, supposed progress plays a primordial role.
Appel de détresse, discours de maîtrise
Authors: Bourgeois Frédérique , Blancher Philippe , Arbet Marie-Thérèse
Published: December 2021

Auxilio, discurso de control

El sitio de Perrache (una estación y centro de intercambio) enfoca los casos de urgencia a los que se confrontan numerosos protagonistas, usuarios o profesionales. El estudio de la gestión de la urgencia en este sitio hace interrogar estas urgencias, y establecer un vinculo entre ellas y las diferentes formas de crisis. Una urgencia excepcionalmente importante puede generar una situación de "crisis", mientras urgencias mas de cada dia pueden revelar puntos criticos del sistema. En efecto, las urgencias ponen a prueba las debilidades de un sistema en la medida en que perturban el funcionamiento habitual.
Economie et technoscience (2) Dynamique économique et systèmes techniques
Authors: Prades Jacques
Published: December 2021

Le déchaînement de l'économique au XVIIIe siècle a entraîné la division de la société en différentes sphères. Les systèmes techniques sont au centre de la dynamique, mais leur évolution soumet la société à des déplacements permanents de frontières. La question posée est alors celle de la surdétermination d'une sphère par les autres.
Les interactions au cœur de la relation entre entreprise et milieu rural
Authors: Bertrand Nathalie
Published: December 2021

L'implantation industrielle en milieu rural est une question récurrente en matière d'aménagement du territoire. Le «rural » est généralement considéré comme peu favorable à l'entreprise. La diversité des situations présentes, tant pour les territoires ruraux que pour les entreprises, remet en cause un tel diagnostic. Nous proposons ici une interprétation du rapport entreprises/territoires ruraux en termes d'interaction. Nous la situons à un triple niveau : selon une interdépendance rural/urbain ; en fonction d'une co-construction dans le temps entre les territoires et les tissus industriels et artisanaux ; suivant les comportements spatiaux de l'entreprise et les relations développées avec le territoire.
Gestion de la qualité, redéfinition des identités professionnelles et maîtrise du temps
Authors: Mounier Céline
Published: December 2021

Gestion de la calidad, nueva definición de las identidades profesionales y dominio del tiempo

La conciencia temporal de los asalariados va creciendo porque la organization se interpone cada vez menos entre ellos y los clientes, y porque los actores de la em-presa saben que su porvenir es cada di'a mas incierto. De esta situation pueden salir angustiados los asalariados. Pero puede ser también la oportunidad de una profesio-nalización por la toma de responsabilidad. La gestion de la calidad en los talleres de fabricaciôn qufmica fue un factor de profesionalización de los actores en la medida en que estos ultimos pudieron apropiarse del tiempo. Dicha apropiacion podria ser mas compléta gracias a una apertura mas grande de los horizontes temporales de la action.
Service public et qualité : l 'enjeu de la coproduction. L 'exemple de l 'ANPE
Authors: Lecomte Isabelle , Simbille Jocelyne
Published: December 2021

Public services and quality : the coproduction stake. The case of the French National Jobcentre

By following a restructuration strategy for eight years, the National Jobcentre is developing some improvement in the quality of its services, and the questioning of its structures and missions seems very relevant for analysis in this context. Public service modernization gives the leading role to customers during the process of ser¬ vice production. That is why the coproduction concept must be studied in depth with regard to its main effects on the quality level of public services. Changes in professional practices and the transformation of the Jobcentre services show that the customer does really take part in it.
Télé-médecine et progrès social : un duo incertain
Authors: Panico Robert
Published: December 2021

Telemedicina y progreso social : dudoso duo

La telemedicina no puede limitarse a un catâlogo de experiencias asociadas, por la mayor parte, a situaciones extremas (urgencia, aislamiento...), y en las que el logro técnico révéla cada vez los adelantos realizados desde hace cincuenta anos en el campo de la medicina. Queremos en este texto, aprehender este fenómeno en sus di-mensiones mas profundas, inscribiéndolo en la encrucijada de los discursos moder-nizadores acarreados por las autopistas de la informacion (a las que la telemedicina ofrece una tribuna relevante), de la reflexion crftica llevada desde hace algunos anos alrededor de la convergencia tecnológica, polftica, industrial y social, y de la evolucion actual de un sistema de atención médica que va haciéndose mas liberal. Segun nuestra hipotesis, la telemedicina va acompanada de una informatization de la atención médica y esta preparando la sociedad a una regulación medicalizada de los gastos de sanidad. Cabe, pues, plantearse ahora la cuestión de los retos individuates
Campus virtuel. Les avatars de la convergence
Authors: Mœglin Pierre , Tremblay Gaëtan
Published: December 2021

Cet article présente les résultats d'une recherche menée en parallèle au Québec et en France sur plusieurs organismes d'enseignement supérieur se réclamant des principes du campus virtuel. Une lecture critique des thèmes commence par indiquer que, de part et d'autre de l'Atlantique, se retrouvent de mêmes effets d'annonce et des postulats semblablement indémontrables. Le campus virtuel ne serait-il alors qu'une métaphore sans portée réelle ? A cette question notre réponse est nuancée. D'un côté, nous montrons comment la référence est agissante, induisant des retombées concrètes au niveau des structures et des stratégies. De l'autre côté, les projets manquent de consistance. Non seulement les réalisations actuelles demeurent embryonnaires, mais encore les voies de la convergence sont loin d'être homogènes.
Du bassin houiller de Decazeville à la "Mecanic Valley"
Authors: Guillaume Régis , Zuliani Jean-Marc
Published: December 2021

Cellule industrielle isolée dans un département profondément rural, le bassin de Decazeville, après la fin de l'exploitation de charbon souterrain dans les années 1960, est confronté, à partir de 1987 à l'arrêt de l'activité sidérurgique et métallurgique. L'État participe au financement d'une opération originale et volontariste de redynamisation du tissu économique. Si dans un premier temps les résultats sont à la mesure des espérances, le ralentissement de l'activité économique à partir de 1991 porte un coup sévère à cette tentative. Cependant, dès 1994, des indices permettent de déceler une nouvelle dynamique. Des PME qui exercent leur activité dans de nouvelles filières telle la mécanique, se développent sur la base de dynamiques relationnelles et créent des emplois. Assiste-t-on, sur le modèle des districts industriels, à l'émergence d'une «Mecanic Valley », succédant à l'organisation productive du vieux pôle industriel ?
Le local comme phénomène de société (2) Le local et ses représentations
Authors: Mabileau Albert
Published: December 2021

El local comofenômeno de sociedad.

El nuevo interes para el local es una caracteristica averiguada de las sociedades contemporaneas. El local es hoy en di'a reconocido como hecho de sociedad (local vivido) y desempena un papel especifico dentro de la organization social (local construi'do). Por lo tanto ha iniciado en el ambito cienti'fico el grupo de los investigadores localistas. La legitimidad del local es reconocida como punto de mirada o sitio de investigaciôn y mas alla como objeto de analisis o instrumento teôrico y metodolôgico. El acercamiento hacia el local se hace segun modos diferentes para cada una de las ciencias sociales, sin embargo una aproximaciôn transdiciplinaria permite mas amplio progreso en el conocimiento de la sociedad local y del conjunto social.
The use of vegetable materials in the processes of processing iron-metallurgical waste
Authors: Ya Myanovska , A Mishalkin , R Ankudinov , S Tokaryev , O Dvorkovoj
Published: December 2021

Experimental studies carried out on an experimental sinter plant indicate the involvement of experimental concentrates for the obtained conditioned sinter, which is suitable for use in blast furnace smelting. At study temperatures, the reactivity of pyrolyzed carbonaceous wastes of plant origin is comparable to charcoal at a much lower cost of materials. Thus, the cost of granular carbonaceous material of plant origin in the Dnipropetrovsk region is about 500 g / t, the cost of lignin hydrolysis from dumps - from 50 g / t. The use of briquetted charges, consisting of the investigated concentrate and solid reducing agent, accelerates the process of interaction of carbon with iron oxides by an average of 5 -10% with recovery rates up to 90%. At higher recovery rates, the recovery rates are equalized. An increase in the process temperature leads to the same effect. The obtained experimental material with a high degree of reduction can be effectively used in the form of briquetted metallized intermediate as a substitute for scrap (up to 30%) in steelmaking units for cooling the smelting.
Key words: pyrolysis, vegetable waste, iron - containing waste, recovery, agglomeration, scrap substitute.
Refining of manganese alloys with high content of phosphorus obtained in electrometallurgical dephosphoration of manganese ores
Authors: Olekssandr Velichko , Ya Myanovska , M Karbovnichek , Du Du Yunshen , A Mishalkin , L Kamkina
Published: December 2021

The expediency of carrying out the process of dephosphorization of the alloy in one stage using a briquetted mixture, which includes iron scale, lime, bauxite and sodium orthosilicate in their following ratio, wt.%: Iron scale - 52.0… 57.4; lime - 6.2… 8.6; bauxite - 4.5… 6.2; sodium orthosilicate - 30.5… 30.4. The achieved degree of dephosphorization of the accompanying manganese alloy is about 70%, the manganese content in the alloy - 64.6%. The implementation of dephosphorization according to the developed method allowed to increase the rate of throughput of manganese from the raw material. Exclusion from the composition of materials for dephosphorization of fluoride compounds increases the environmental friendliness of the refining process. In the real conditions of production in the process of depho-?phorization of the associated alloy may use different processing schemes and conditions of its implementation. In the formation of a concomitant alloy with a temperature of ~ 1300oC in the production of low-phosphorus slag, in order to minimize the cost of dephosphorization of the alloy using existing shop equipment, the refining process can be implemented according to the following scheme and purging the bath with argon, the dephosphorization process scheme may include the following operations: adding 100% pre-briquetted SHUS, to the bottom of the bucket, trans-?orting the bucket to the installation of the oven-bucket, where the optimum temperature will be maintained during refining. This will increase the refining time and, consequently, greater completeness of the refining process .:
Key words: highly phosphorous concomitant alloy, slag-forming mixture, ladle furnace, completeness of depho-?phorization.
Raspredelenie azota, titana i alyuminiya mezhdu nitridami i
tverdym rastvorom v stalyah tipa ATYu
Authors: L Isaeva , I Lev , V Kamkin , Yu Projdak
Published: December 2021

Quantitative data on the distribution of nitrogen, titanium and aluminum between nitrides and solid solution have been established in ATU steels. The optimal amount of titanium in 20ATU steel was determined, which leads to the best interfacial distribution of nitride-forming elements (N, Al, Ti) under hot rolling conditions. For the most complete binding of nitrogen to AlN nitrides, the amount of aluminum in 20ATU steel should be ≥40 10-3 wt. %. To obtain fine nitrides and maintain a sufficiently high fluidity of steel 20ATU optimal content of aluminum should be (40-60) 10-3 wt. %. It is recommended to subject ATU type steels to heat treatment at optimal temperature and time
Keywords: Carbon, low-alloy steels, nitrogen, titanium, aluminum, interfacial distribution
Investigation of the chemical composition of ash dense fractions of low-alumina coal to substantiate the choice of charge components for coking
Authors: Evgen Sorokin , L Kamkina
Published: December 2021

The scientific article is devoted to the study of the structural content of coal fractions, which differ in density. The main attention is paid to the study of the chemical composition of ash dense fractions of weakly burned coal. This will extend the idea of coal ash. The publication presents a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the chemical composition of low-alumina coal, which was used to calculate the ash index of the main samples, which in turn allowed us to calculate a preliminary estimate of coke on the CRI reactivity and coke strength after the CSR reaction. From the presented results it turns out that the fraction with a density <1.25 g/cm3 and> 1.3 g/cm3 have the worst technological characteristics.
Keywords: density fractions, basicity index, coal, ash, chemical composition, acidic oxides, reactivity.
Reduction of harmful effects of nitrogen on the properties of low-carbon steel 08Y by electing a rational amount of nitride-forming elements
Authors: Lydmila Kamkina , Anatilii Mishalkin , Volodimir Kamkin , Yuorii Grishchenko , Lyudmila Isaeva
Published: December 2021

Based on the thermodynamic analysis of nitride formation reactions, the advantage of titanium nitride formation and the lowest probability of boron nitride formation are established. Based on the analysis of experimental data, an analytical expression was established to calculate the required amount of titanium additives to neutralize the harmful effects of nitrogen, which also takes into account the concentration of aluminum in steel and prevents the formation of harmful aluminum nitrides. Necessary and sufficient concentrations of boron in steel are calculated to start the nitride formation reaction and to provide a strengthening effect associated with the formation of boron nitrides. Thermodynamic calculations and based on the analysis of the results of previous experimental melts of low-carbon steel, it is shown that the activity of oxygen in the intermediate to obtain particularly low-carbon steel should be such as to ensure the removal of carbon from it to a given limit, as well as the amounts of carbon deoxidized steels from ferroalloys and electrodes when heating steel on ladle-furnace installations, as well as from periclase-carbon lining-stalkovsha (carbon content in the area of the slag belt 10-12%, in the lining of the walls and bottom - 6%). The consumption of aluminum at the outlet of the furnace should be correlated with the degree of peroxidation of the metal, which would be desirable to stabilize and reduce the precipitation of silicomanganese and ring-containing ferroalloys. When organizing the evacuation of steel, reducing the pressure in the vacuum chamber to 100 mbar is theoretically sufficient for the predominant oxidation of carbon in comparison with manganese and silicon in the entire temperature range of the process. When evacuating non-deoxidized aluminum metal, the final carbon content in the metal of 0.01% is achieved even at its initial content of 0.074%. Due to the use of vacuum oxygen decarburization reaction without additional introduction of oxygen in gaseous form or in the form of oxides, it is possible to obtain a low-carbon metal with a guaranteed carbon content of 0.01% in the finished metal and a minimum manganese content of 0.12% and silicon up to 0.02 %, which provides high plastic properties of the metal.
Keywords: low carbon steel, nitrides, titanium, boron, aluminum, vacuum carbon deoxidation
Danmarks geologi i almenfatteligt omrids. Første udgave
Authors: Ussing N.V
Published: December 2021

Aarhundreders Plantevækst har efterladt sine Rester i den øverste Del af Jordskorpen. Ved Solskin og Regn, ved Svampes og Ormes Virksomhed ere Planteresterne blevne langsomt omdannede og blandede med Sand og Grus, og i Tidernes Løb er derved den mørke Muldjord bleven til. Men allerede i Muldjordens Underlag – Ler, Sand eller Grus – finde vi Vidnesbyrd om, at Naturforholdene en Gang maa have været forskellige fra de nuværende. Vel gøre disse Dannelser intet særlig fremmedartet Indtryk; man ser jo lignende løse Masser paa talrige Steder sammenskylles og afsættes af Havet og af Aaerne. Men Leret og Sandet i Bakkerne og under Markerne kunne aabenbart ikke være komne paa deres Plads der under de nu herskende Naturforhold. Og endnu mere slaaende ser man Modsætningen mellem Nutiden og den fjerne Fortid, naar man trænger ned gennem de løse og usammenhængende Jordarter og træffer Landets faste Klippebund med dens mangeartede Kalksten og øvrige Bestanddele.
Vocabulary learning strategies for Second or Foreign Language (SFL) Students of Missionary-run Colleges in Bangladesh
Authors: Rozario Dr. Leonard Shankar
Published: December 2021

One of the crucial challenges that learners face for processing second or foreign language (SFL) learning is learning vocabulary. Vocabulary is recognized as vital to language use in which insufficient vocabulary knowledge of the learners led to difficulties a SFL learning. Thus, in the case of learning the vocabulary in a SFL, students need to be educated with vocabulary learning strategies. Investigation for learning vocabulary and its connection to reading has become significant in the field of research in SFL acquisition. Since reading requires precise and spontaneous word recognition skills, learners need to be equipped with sufficient vocabulary knowledge to read fluently. Yet, for many SFL learners, reading is a 'suffocating slow process' (Anderson, 1991). One of the causes or often experienced by the students is that they don’t have enough vocabulary knowledge. As a result, they tend to surrender to understand the semantics of the text or skip reading the word, sentence and even the paragraph due to the unfamiliar words. These circumstances propose that some learners may not have enough skills to handle the unfamiliar words.
Molecular descriptors – an useful tool for assessing the physico-chemical properties of hallucinogenic drugs of abuse
Authors: Ion Adelina , Praisler Mirela , Gosav Steluta
Published: December 2021

Molecular descriptors play a fundamental role in chemistry and pharmaceutical sciences, being defined as a way to transform molecules into a set of numbers, allowing the mathematical assessment of the chemical information characterizing a molecule. This study presents the usefulness of molecular descriptors for the determination of physico-chemical properties of a series of new hallucinogenic amphetamines. Molecular descriptors of these compounds was performed with the Dragon 5.5 software. The chemometric processing of the information allowed the determination of structural correlations (similarities) between this class of designer drugs and an unknown compound.
Physico-chemical analysis, systematic benchmarking, and toxicological aspects of the JWH aminoalkylindole class-derived synthetic JWH cannabinoids
Authors: Burlacu Catalina Mercedes , Burlacu Adrian Constantin , Praisler Mirela
Published: December 2021

We are presenting the results obtained by computing different toxicity indices for some of the newest JWH synthetic cannabinoids, by using (Q)SAR models, ADME(T) predictions, simulations of NMR spectral techniques and other different computational dedicated software packages and forensic analytical tools. We have examined the main physical and chemical properties and evaluated the behavioral neurotoxicity and pharmacokinetic profile of 16 aminoalkylindole class-derived synthetic cannabinoids JWH as compared to the Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), which was chosen as a standard compound. For this purpose, the geometries of the molecules have been optimized by using the AM1 semi-empirical quantum method. The conclusions of a comparative analysis of the toxicities of synthetic and natural cannabinoids are presented.
3D volume reconstruction of brain tissues using nonlinear filters, k-means clustering, and Bland-Altman analysis
Authors: Pană Lenuța , Moldoveanu Simona , Moraru Luminița
Published: December 2021

This paper aims to provide a sound estimation of the true value and proportion of white matter (WM), gray matter (GM), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of the brain DTI images for a proper 3D volume reconstruction. During the pre-processing stage, two nonlinear filters are operated, i.e. bilateral and anisotropic diffusion. The segmentation of each brain tissue is performed using the k-means clustering algorithm. To minimize filters bias and for obtaining the best reproducible results, a statistical analysis has been performed. Thus, the skewness and kurtosis statistics features were computed for each segmented brain tissue and filter. The fuzzy k-means method allows for clustering analysis and the Bland-Altman analysis investigates the agreement between two filtering techniques of the same statistics feature and brain tissue. Then the 3D reconstruction method is presented using ImageJ and the image stacks for raw and processed data. We conclude that anisotropic diffusion filter offers the best results and 3D reconstruction of brain tissues is feasible.
Pengembangan Tata Kelolah Ruang Terbuka Hijau: Sebuah Kajian Pustaka Terstuktur
Authors: Albaroza Iron , Salahudin Salahudin , Taqwa Iradhat
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji lebih dalam terkait pengembangan tata kelola ruang terbuka hijau. Penelitian menggunakan metode systematic literature review, artikel yang diambil dari publikasi berbagai penerbit dengan menggunakan database SCOPUS dan diberikan pembatasan tahun terbit hanya untuk dua tahun terakhir atau sama dengan tahun 2019 hingga 2020. Dari hasil pencarian tersebut menghasilkan sebanyak 140 artikel yang relevan dengan topik penelitian ini, angka tersebut di dapat dari file berbentuk (ris) yang diimpor ke dalam software mendeley. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa park (taman) merupakan pengembangan terpenting dalam mewujudkan pengmbangan ruang terbuka hijau. Park(taman) dinilai salah satu model pengembangan ruang terbuka hijau yang sangat cocok untuk memperbanyak ruang terbuka hijau terutama di perkotaan. Salah satu keberhasilan masyarakat dalam mengembangkan park (taman) yaitu semakin banyaknya titik ruang terbuka hijau. Jadi disimpulkan masyarakat banyak memanfaatkan lahan kosong atau membuat ruang ruang terbuka hijau dijadikan park(taman) yang memiliki banyak manfaat sebagai berikut : taman anak-dewasa, kebun binatang, tempat edukasi tumbuhan dan sebagai paru-paru kota.
The Role of Social Networks on building Awareness and social responsibility to achieve Environmental Sustainability in Bangladesh
Authors: Pasha A.B.M. Kamal , Jabin Maria Maha , Mozumder Sagar , Parveen Mahfuza
Published: December 2021

With the benefit of globalization and access to data, unceremonious populations came to use social platforms largely used by several ages. Nonetheless, natural problems have been triggering universal effects, just as concerns of social feebleness. Natural mindfulness mixings new application propensities, performing another socially skilled stance. This analysis plans to separate the influence of relational organizations on natural mindfulness and the social responsibility of several ages. We employ the structure of the quantitative and distinctive study, by approaching the Primary Condition Establishing. The results feature that people who are presented with data (recordings, photographs, messages) acknowledged with social commitment and natural supportability are impacted in the progress of social and ecological mindfulness. However, all ages familiarized the most marginal approaches for responses in the quest for data on natural and social issues. This is appropriate to society, presentation organizations, government offices, and organizations to advance deeds and data on social and ecological obligation and connect all Ages in maintainable development.
Efektivitas Manajemen Produksi Dalam Pengembangan Produk Pada Usaha Industri Rumah Tangga Kue Kacang Ijo KN Lumpia Sabang di Aceh Besar
Authors: AR Chairuni , Al-Zarliani Wa Ode
Published: December 2021

Efektifitas menunjukkan tercapainya tujuan yang diinginkan melalui serangkaian tindakan yang dilakukan oleh perusahaan. Konsekuensinya adalah inovasi dan kreativitas, tujuannya adalah menyempurnakan dan mengembangkan produk baru dalam rangka bersaing, kelangsungan hidup dan profitabilitas perusahaan. Usaha Industry Rumah Tangga Kue Kacang Ijo KN Lumpia Sabang di Aceh Besar merupakan industry rumah tangga yang berdiri sejak tahun 2009 dan menjadi subjek penelitian ini. Masalah dari penelitian ini adalah bagaimana efektifitas manajemen produksi dalam pengembangan produk yang dihasilkan pada Usaha Indutri Rumah Tangga Kue Kacang Ijo KN Lumpia Sabang dan bagaimana upaya pengembangan produknya. Penelitian ini bersifat penelitian lapangan dengan total populasi 16 (enam belas) orang sebagai responden dengan menggunakan Teknik Purposive Sampling. Pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik observasi, wawancara, serta dokumentasi. Penulis menggunakan analisa Deskriptif Kualitatif kemudian menyimpulkan bahwa efektifitas manajemen produksi dalam pengembangan produk pada usaha tersebut bertujuan untuk meningkatkan penjualan pada usaha, meningkat atau tidaknya penjualan tergantung bagaimana manajemen produksi, efektivitas dalam memproduksi kue lumpia yang dipesan oleh konsumen. Upaya Usaha Indutri Rumah Tangga dalam pengembangan produk memodifikasi produk lama dengan berbagai variasi bentuk kue lumpia dan modifikasi kemasan produk serta segmentansi untuk produk kue lumpia sebagai inovasi produk baru dalam usahanya guna mencapai hasil optimal.
Criterios GLIM: análisis de su consistencia interna y una comparación con respecto a la valoración global subjetiva
Authors: Navarro Pilar , Capelli Ornella , Adaglio Julieta , Barritta Romina
Published: December 2021

Introducción: los criterios Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM), creados para alcanzar un consenso mundial en cuanto a los criterios diagnósticos de la desnutrición (DN) asociada con la enfermedad, requieren ser validados para su uso en la práctica clínica. Objetivo: estimar la consistencia interna de los criterios GLIM y compararlos con respecto a la valoración global subjetiva (VGS) con el fin de diagnosticar DN en pacientes hospitalizados con riesgo nutricional. Métodos: se evaluaron 123 adultos hospitalizados con riesgo de DN (SNAQ > 2). Se utilizaron la VGS y GLIM para diagnosticar DN. Se calculó la consistencia interna del GLIM y su concordancia, validez, seguridad y razón de probabilidad con respecto a VGS. Resultados: la prevalencia de DN fue de 91 % según GLIM y 88,62 % según VGS, y fue grave en 52,03 % y 32,52 %, respectivamente. La consistencia interna del GLIM resultó aceptable (alfa de Cronbach: 0,6425). La concordancia entre VGS y GLIM fue moderada (𝜅: 0,5946) o buena (𝜅: 0,7777) según la categorización utilizada. GLIM obtuvo una sensibilidad del 99,1 % (intervalo de confianza [IC] 95 %: 95 %-100 %) y una especificidad del 71,4 % (IC 95 %: 41,9 %-91,6 %). El valor predictivo positivo fue 96,4 % (IC 95 %: 91,1 %-99 %) y el negativo fue 90,9 % (IC 95 %: 58,7-99,8). La razón de verosimilitud positiva fue 3,47 (IC 95 %: 1,51-7,94) y la negativa fue 0,0128 (IC 95 %: 0,018- 0,929). Conclusiones: la herramienta GLIM posee una validez justa y concuerda moderadamente con la VGS. Se requieren estudios de validez para su aplicación en la población hospitalaria general. Palabras clave: GLIM, desnutrición, valoración global subjetiva, diagnóstico nutricional, evaluación nutricional.
Síndrome del intestino irritable: una revisión narrativa
Authors: Verdugo Yulissa , Márquez Adriana
Published: December 2021

Introducción: el síndrome de intestino irritable (SII) es uno de los trastornos gastrointestinales más comunes con una prevalencia mundial que va del 10 % al 15 %. Su tratamiento nutricional se basa en el reconocimiento de la sintomatología asociada con la ingesta de ciertos alimentos, por lo cual se han implementado diversas estrategias, entre ellas la dieta FODMAP (oligosacáridos, disacáridos, monosacáridos y polioles fermentables), mediterránea, libre de gluten e inclusión de fibra y probióticos. Objetivo: brindar información sobre el abordaje nutricional en el SII. Metodología: las evidencias que sustentan el presente artículo fueron obtenidas a través de búsquedas en las plataformas de Pubmed y Google Scholar con una expansión de búsqueda del año 2000 al 2021. Resultados: diversos metaanálisis sugieren la eficacia de una dieta baja en los FODMAP como parte del tratamiento del SII; así mismo, se sugiere que los probióticos son una terapia efectiva que contribuye a la mejoría de los síntomas generales del SII, dolor abdominal y flatulencia. Conclusión: tener más conocimientos sobre la etiología y fisiopatología de la enfermedad podría abrir las puertas hacia nuevos tratamientos; es imprescindible entender el papel que juega la dieta y el estilo de vida en el tratamiento del SII. Palabras clave: síndrome del intestino irritable, colon irritable, dieta.
Nuevos desafíos para la industria alimentaria y los nuevos conocimientos acerca del tercer cerebro
Authors: Maldonado Mariela
Published: December 2021

Los aditivos alimentarios son una de las sustancias de crecimiento exponencial en el mercado de la elaboración de alimentos debido a los hábitos de consumo excesivo de alimentos ultraprocesados y la necesidad de alimentos por la población creciente. Su uso y regulación está controlada sobre la base de supuestos toxicológicos tradicionales. Sin embargo, el nuevo paradigma de la influencia de la microbiota en la salud conduce a preguntarse cuáles son los desafíos de los aditivos alimentarios frente al rol de la microbiota en la salud. A la luz del rol que cumple la microbiota en la conformación del sistema inmune, la nutrición y los cambios que van desde el estado de salud hasta la aparición de la enfermedad que actualmente se conoce, los aditivos alimentarios deben ser revisados por nuevos estudios que involucran las diferentes ciencias “ómicas” con el fin de poder revaluar su inocuidad, sugerir dosis de uso frecuente y establecer recomendaciones nuevas para generar una legislación más actualizada. El objetivo de esta revisión es presentar los nuevos desafíos para la industria alimentaria y su relación con los nuevos conocimientos acerca del tercer cerebro. Palabras clave: aditivos alimentarios, microbiota, sistema inmune, regulación, toxicología.
Power-efficient low-stray field hybrid magnets for MAGLEV technology
Authors: Arslanova Daria , Firsov Alexey , Kukhtin Vladimir , Lamzin Eugeny , Larionov Mikhail , Nezhentzev Andrey , Ovsyannikov Dmitri , Rodin Igor , Shatil Nikolay , Sytchevsky Sergey , Vasiliev Vyacheslav , Zaitsev Anatoly
Published: December 2021

A hybrid suspension system is proposed for maglev transport that utilizes electromagnets (EM) in combination with permanent magnets (PM). Several design schemes are compared searching for optimum performance. Sufficient reduction of power consumption and stray field is achieved on the hybrid configuration as compared to conventional EM suspension systems.
Randomized approach to determine dynamic strength of ice
Authors: Granichin Nikolay , Volkov Grigory , Petrov Yuri , Volkova Marina
Published: December 2021

The randomized method of Sign-Perturbed Sums (SPS) is applied within the framework of the incubation time approach to evaluate the dynamic strength of ice. The experimental data of [Carney et al., 2006; Wu and Prakash, 2015; Saletti et al., 2019] is analysed in order to estimate strength parameters of ice and describe the observed strain-rate sensitivity curves. The independence of incubation time value on the ice temperature is established in contrast with the significant dependency of the critical stress parameter. The obtained confidence interval of the spalled ice is in good correspondence with the scatter observed experimentally.
Artwork style transfer model using deep learning approach
Authors: Hien Ngo Le Huy , Van Huy Luu , Van Hieu Nguyen
Published: December 2021

Art in general and fine arts, in particular, play a significant role in human life, entertaining and dispelling stress and motivating their creativeness in specific ways. Many well-known artists have left a rich treasure of paintings for humanity, preserving their exquisite talent and creativity through unique artistic styles. In recent years, a technique called ’style transfer’ allows computers to apply famous artistic styles into the style of a picture or photograph while retaining the shape of the image, creating superior visual experiences. The basic model of that process, named ’Neural Style Transfer,’ has been introduced promisingly by Leon A. Gatys; however, it contains several limitations on output quality and implementation time, making it challenging to apply in practice. Based on that basic model, an image transform network was proposed in this paper to generate higher-quality artwork and higher abilities to perform on a larger image amount. The proposed model significantly shortened the execution time and can be implemented in a real-time application, providing promising results and performance. The outcomes are auspicious and can be used as a referenced model in color grading or semantic image segmentation, and future research focuses on improving its applications.
Dynamic control of intermittent renewableenergy fluctuations in two-layer power grids
Authors: Olmi Simona , Totz Carl H. , Schoell Eckehard
Published: December 2021

In this work we model the dynamics of power grids in terms of a two-layer network, and use the Italian high voltage power grid as a proof-of-principle example. The first layer in our model represents the power grid consisting of generators and consumers, while the second layer represents a dynamic communication network that serves as a controller of the first layer. The dynamics of the power grid is modelled by the Kuramoto model with inertia, while the communication layer provides a control signal Pc i for each generator to improve frequency synchronization within the power grid. We propose different realizations of the communication layer topology and of the control signal, and test the control performances in presence of generators with stochastic power output. When using a control topology that allows all generators to exchange information, we find that a control scheme aimed to minimize the frequency difference between adjacent nodes operates very efficiently even against the worst scenarios with the strongest perturbations. On the other hand, for a control topology where the generators possess the same communication links as in the power grid layer, a control scheme aimed at restoring the synchronization frequency in the neighborhood of the controlled node turns out to be more efficient.
A stochastic controlled Schroedinger equation: convergence and robust stability for numerical solutions
Authors: Romero-Melendez Cutberto , Castillo-Fernandez David
Published: December 2021

In this paper we study the stochastic stability of numerical solutions of a stochastic controlled Schr¨odinger equation. We investigate the boundedness in second moment, the convergence and the stability of the zero solution for this equation, using two new definitions of almost sure exponential robust stability and asymptotic stability, for the Euler-Maruyama numerical scheme. Considering that the diffusion term is controlled, by using the method of Lyapunov functions and the corresponding diffusion operator associated, we apply techniques of X. Mao and A. Tsoi for achieve our task. Finally,
we illustrate this method with a problem in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR).
Dynamics of an autonomous spacecraft control system at initial transition to a tracking mode
Authors: Somov Yevgeny , Butyrin Sergey , Somov Sergey
Published: December 2021

The problems of autonomous digital control of the information satellites and space robots during their initial transition to a tracking mode, namely in the initial orientation modes, are considered. Autonomous angular guidance and modularly limited vector digital control using a vector of the modified Rodrigues parameters are applying to bring the spacecraft’s orientation from completely arbitrary to the required one. The developed methods, algorithms and simulation results for a mini-satellite in a sun-synchronous orbit are presented.