bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Global Distribution of Ionospheric Topside Diffusive Flux and Midlatitude Electron Density Enhancement in Winter Nighttime
Authors: Li Quan‐Han , Hao Yong‐Qiang , Wang Wenbin , Zhang Shun‐Rong , Qian Liying , Aa Ercha , Zhang Dong‐He , Xiao Zuo , He Maosheng
Published: December 2024

Ionospheric topside diffusive flux is derived using Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) radio occultation data, to investigate its global distribution and also its role in winter nighttime enhancement (WNE) of electron density. The flux of the winter hemisphere maintains downward throughout the night. It is much larger between and geomagnetic latitudes and keeps increasing until 22:00–00:00 LT. It peaks at W and E–E geographic longitudes during the December solstice, and at E during the June solstice. These features are similar to those of WNE in NmF2. Furthermore, the derived flux is applied as the upper boundary condition to run the Thermosphere Ionosphere Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIEGCM). The simulated spatial‐temporal variations of WNE are consistent with the observations. The results indicate that downward plasma diffusion from the plasmasphere is the major mechanism of WNE, and the simulation quantifies its contribution.
Response of the Mediterranean Sea Surface Circulation at Various Global Warming Levels: A Multi‐Model Approach
Authors: Parras‐Berrocal I. M. , Waldman R. , Sevault F. , Somot S. , Gonzalez N. , Ahrens B. , Anav A. , Djurdjević V. , Gualdi S. , Hamouda M. E. , Li L. , Lionello P. , Sannino G. , Sein D. V.
Published: December 2024

Changes in Mediterranean circulation patterns due to global warming may have strong socio‐economic and environmental impacts. We analyze the future evolution of the Mediterranean surface circulation under different levels of global warming by using 28 multi‐decadal simulations from a set of fully coupled and high‐resolution regional climate models of the Med‐CORDEX multi‐model initiative. There is no model agreement for a significant basin‐scale modification of the surface circulation. However significant and robust local circulation changes are identified. In particular, the circulation is expected to shift from cyclonic to predominantly anticyclonic in the northern Balearic, while a strengthening of the cyclonic circulation is expected in the southern Adriatic. Furthermore, our results show an increase in the Mediterranean circulation variability primarily associated with a general increase of meso‐scale activity. Generally, we find a linear increase of the identified changes with global warming levels.
L‐Band InSAR Snow Water Equivalent Retrieval Uncertainty Increases With Forest Cover Fraction
Authors: Bonnell R. , Elder K. , McGrath D. , Marshall H. P. , Starr B. , Adebisi N. , Palomaki R. T. , Hoppinen Z.
Published: December 2024

There is a pressing need for global monitoring of snow water equivalent (SWE) at high spatiotemporal resolution, and L‐band (1–2 GHz) interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) holds promise. However, the technique has not seen extensive evaluation in forests. We evaluated this technique across varying forest canopy conditions using eight InSAR pairs collected at the Fraser Experimental Forest, Colorado, USA by NASA UAVSAR during the 10‐week NASA SnowEx 2021 Campaign. Compared with in situ measurements, we found root mean squared errors (RMSEs) of 14–17 mm for SWE changes in forest cover fractions (FCF) < 0.40, but RMSEs increased to 33–40 mm at FCF > 0.50. Statistical distributions between normalized lidar snow depths and normalized UAVSAR SWE were similar at FCF < 0.5, but diverged at FCF > 0.50. Thus, the upcoming NISAR L‐band satellite has strong potential for global snowpack monitoring, including below sparse to moderate forest cover.
Understanding the Interdecadal Changes in the Teleconnection Pattern of the East Asian Summer Monsoon Precipitation With Concurrent ENSO
Authors: Fan Lei , Yang Qi , Fu Hui‐Huang
Published: December 2024

Interdecadal changes in the relationship between East Asian Summer Monsoon Precipitation (EASMP) and the concurrent El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) vary across subregions, making it challenging to holistically understand these variations and the underlying mechanisms. To address this issue, we apply the moving correlation Empirical Orthogonal Function (MC‐EOF) between EASMP and ENSO, identifying a meridional tri‐pole pattern in the interdecadal variation of their relationship. The primary driver of this pattern is the summer Tropical North Atlantic (TNA) sea surface temperature, which has shifted from being uncorrelated to exhibiting a strong negative correlation with concurrent ENSO since the late 1980s. Consequently, the TNA's influence on EASMP combines with ENSO's effects, altering the EASMP pattern during ENSO events. This conclusion is supported by two observations: (a) the moving correlation series between TNA and ENSO aligns with the time series of MC‐EOF‐1, and (b) the MC‐EOF‐1 pattern spatially matches the TNA's impact on EASMP.
Wave Resonance Induced Intensification of Mixed Rossby‐Gravity Waves by Extratropical Forcing
Authors: Mehak Mehak , Suhas E.
Published: December 2024

Extratropical disturbances are known to impact the genesis and intensification of Mixed Rossby‐Gravity waves (MRGW) in the Western Hemisphere (WH). The study provides observational evidence supporting the wave resonance (WR) theory which attempts to explain the intensification of MRGW by extratropical forcing. Wavenumber‐frequency cospectral analysis and a bulk measure of growth of MRGW estimated using reanalysis data reveal that the extratropical forcing manifested in the form of eddy momentum flux convergence can create eddy kinetic energy (EKE) and aid the intensification of MRGW via WR mechanism during boreal winter season. However, the WR mechanism does not hold during boreal summer season as the extratropical forcing tends to dampen the MRGW. The analysis also reveals that the Doppler‐shifted eastward propagating MRGW in the WH during boreal winter season are not maintained by extratropical forcing, marking another highlight of this study.
Role of Coupled Electrodynamics of E‐ and F‐Regions on the Rapid Poleward Extension of EMSTID Fronts
Authors: Patgiri D. , Nirwal S. , Rathi R. , Yadav V. , Sunil Krishna M. V. , Kannaujiya S. , Sunda S. , Liu Jann‐Yenq , Sarkhel S.
Published: December 2024

This paper investigates the role of coupled E‐ and F‐regions electrodynamics behind the rapid poleward extension of two dark fronts of an electrified medium‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbance (EMSTID). The fronts of EMSTID observed in O(1D) 630.0 nm airglow images extended poleward from the southern edge of the field‐of‐view to the location of the imager at Hanle (32.7°N, 78.9°E; Mlat.  24.1°N), India, on the geomagnetically quiet (Ap = 3) night of 09 June 2021. The existence of the fronts outside the southern edge of field‐of‐view before and during their extension was apparent from temporal fluctuations in the vertical total electron content. Additionally, favorable direction of thermospheric neutral wind to initiate Perkins instability existed beyond the southern edge of field‐of‐view prior to EMSTID's first appearance in the airglow images. Therefore, the observed EMSTID were likely generated outside the southern edge of field‐of‐view. Interestingly, the expected clockwise rotation of fronts with clockwise rotation of thermospheric neutral wind was not observed, although it was necessary to sustain the positive‐growth of Perkins instability. This indicates the involvement of E‐F coupling to sustain the positive‐growth of EMSTID since the presence of sporadic‐E layers was evident from the signal‐to‐noise ratio amplitude of L1 band and zonal wind profiles over the observation region. The enhanced polarization electric field caused due to E‐F coupling produced larger vertical E × B drift, which helped the EMSTID to sustain positive‐growth during the fronts' extension. Additionally, the enhanced northwestward E × B drift helped to maintain the northwest‐southeast orientation of EMSTID fronts, during the rotation of thermospheric neutral wind.
Complex Ionospheric Fluctuations Over East and Southeast Asia During the May 2024 Super Geomagnetic Storm
Authors: Sun Wenjie , Li Guozhu , Zhang Shun‐Rong , Zhao Biqiang , Li Yu , Tariq M. Arslan , Zhao Xiukuan , Hu Lianhuan , Dai Guofeng , Xie Haiyong , Li Yi , Liu Jianfei , Ning Baiqi , Liu Libo
Published: December 2024

The May 2024 super storm is one of the strongest geomagnetic storms during the past 20 years. One of the most remarkable ionospheric responses to this event over East and Southeast Asia is the complex ionospheric fluctuations following the storm commencement. The fluctuations created multiple oscillations of total electron content (TEC) embedded in the diurnal variation, with amplitudes up to 10 TECu. Along the same latitude, the fluctuations were nearly synchronized over a wide longitude span up to 35°. In the meridional direction, the fluctuations over low latitudes were the most significant and complex, which contained two main components, the poleward extending oscillations originated from the magnetic equator, and the equatorward propagating traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) from high latitudes. The TIDs likely occurred around the globe. The storm‐time interplanetary electric fields penetrating into equatorial latitudes of the ionosphere and the auroral energy input were suggested to drive the poleward extending oscillations and the equatorward TIDs, respectively.
A “Wave‐Like” Evolution of Polar Cap Patches Modulated by Enhanced Magnetopause Reconnection and Extended Magnetotail Reconnection
Authors: Zhang Duan , Zhang Q.‐H. , Oksavik K. , Tang B.‐B. , Zhang Y.‐L. , Lockwood M. , Foster J. C. , Zhang S.‐R. , Lyons Larry R. , Xing Z.‐Y. , Wang Yong , Ma Y.‐Z.
Published: December 2024

A train of large‐scale polar cap patches was observed in the ionosphere during a period of southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) during the main phase of a moderate geomagnetic storm. The patches were sequentially detached from a dayside storm enhanced density plume through cusp dynamics due to pulsed enhancement of the dayside magnetic reconnection rate, suggested by the increase of the Kan‐Lee electric field and cross polar cap potential. After formation and IMF By duskward turning, the patches propagated obliquely like “waves” in the polar cap toward the dusk sector, and exited the polar cap over a wide magnetic local time (MLT) region (18–24 MLT). Simulations under a strongly southward IMF Bz and duskward IMF By show that the magnetotail magnetic reconnection occurs over a broad MLT range. Such a tail reconnection modulates the evolution of the patches.
KDELR1 regulates chondrosarcoma drug resistance and malignant behavior through Intergrin-Hippo-YAP1 axis
Authors: Yin Huabin , Jiang Dongjie , Li Yongai , Chen Wenjun , Zhang Jie , Yang Xinghai , Hu Jinbo , Wei Haifeng
Published: December 2024

Chondrosarcoma (CS) is the second most common primary bone malignancy, known for its unique transcriptional landscape that renders most CS subtypes resistant to chemotherapy, including neoadjuvant chemotherapy commonly used in osteosarcoma (OS) treatment. Understanding the transcriptional landscape of CS and the mechanisms by which key genes contribute to chemotherapy resistance could be a crucial step in overcoming this challenge. To address this, we developed a single-cell transcriptional map of CS, comparing it with OS and normal cancellous bone. Our analysis revealed a specific increase in KDEL receptor 1 (KDELR1) expression in CS, which was closely associated with CS prognosis, tumor aggressiveness, and drug resistance. KDELR1 plays a key role in regulating membrane protein processing and secretion, as well as contributing to tumor extracellular matrix (ECM) formation and drug resistance. Further investigation using mass spectrometry proteomics and transcriptomics uncovered KDELR1’s involvement in modulating the Hippo-YAP pathway activity in CS cells. The KDELR1-Integrin-PLCγ-YAP1 axis emerges as a critical process mediating drug resistance and malignant behavior in CS, offering novel insights and potential therapeutic targets for CS treatment.
Response to clozapine in treatment resistant schizophrenia is related to alterations in regional cerebral blood flow
Authors: Sun Junyu , Zelaya Fernando , Sendt Kyra-Verena , McQueen Grant , Gillespie Amy L. , Lally John , Howes Oliver D. , Barker Gareth J. , McGuire Philip , MacCabe James H. , Egerton Alice
Published: December 2024

PET and SPECT studies in treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) have revealed significant alterations in regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) during clozapine treatment, which may vary according to the clinical response. Here, we used the more recent MRI approach of arterial spin labelling (ASL) to evaluate regional CBF in participants with TRS (N = 36) before starting treatment with clozapine compared to in healthy volunteers (N = 16). We then compared CBF in the TRS group, before and after 12 weeks of treatment with clozapine (N = 24); and examined the relationship of those differences against changes in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale for Schizophrenia (PANSS) scores over the treatment period. We observed widespread reductions in CBF in TRS compared to in healthy volunteers (p < 0.05). After covarying for global CBF and age, lower CBF in frontal and parietal regions was still evident (p < 0.05, FWE corrected). Clozapine treatment was associated with longitudinal decreases in CBF in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) (p < 0.05). Higher striatal CBF at baseline was associated with greater improvement in total and general symptoms following clozapine, and higher hippocampal CBF was associated with greater improvement in total and positive symptoms. Longitudinal reductions in CBF in the ACC and thalamus were associated with less improvement in negative (ACC), positive (thalamus), and total (thalamus) symptoms. These findings suggest that changes in CBF on clozapine administration in TRS may accompany symptomatic improvement, and that CBF prior to clozapine initiation may determine the degree of clinical response.
Prediction of metabolic subphenotypes of type 2 diabetes via continuous glucose monitoring and machine learning
Authors: Metwally Ahmed A. , Perelman Dalia , Park Heyjun , Wu Yue , Jha Alokkumar , Sharp Seth , Celli Alessandra , Ayhan Ekrem , Abbasi Fahim , Gloyn Anna L. , McLaughlin Tracey , Snyder Michael P.
Published: December 2024

The classification of type 2 diabetes and prediabetes does not consider heterogeneity in the pathophysiology of glucose dysregulation. Here we show that prediabetes is characterized by metabolic heterogeneity, and that metabolic subphenotypes can be predicted by the shape of the glucose curve measured via a continuous glucose monitor (CGM) during standardized oral glucose-tolerance tests (OGTTs) performed in at-home settings. Gold-standard metabolic tests in 32 individuals with early glucose dysregulation revealed dominant or co-dominant subphenotypes (muscle or hepatic insulin-resistance phenotypes in 34% of the individuals, and β-cell-dysfunction or impaired-incretin-action phenotypes in 40% of them). Machine-learning models trained with glucose time series from OGTTs from the 32 individuals predicted the subphenotypes with areas under the curve (AUCs) of 95% for muscle insulin resistance, 89% for β-cell deficiency and 88% for impaired incretin action. With CGM-generated glucose curves obtained during at-home OGTTs, the models predicted the muscle-insulin-resistance and β-cell-deficiency subphenotypes of 29 individuals with AUCs of 88% and 84%, respectively. At-home identification of metabolic subphenotypes via a CGM may aid the risk stratification of individuals with early glucose dysregulation.
Polygenic prediction of occupational status GWAS elucidates genetic and environmental interplay in intergenerational transmission, careers and health in UK Biobank
Authors: Akimova Evelina T. , Wolfram Tobias , Ding Xuejie , Tropf Felix C. , Mills Melinda C.
Published: December 2024

Socioeconomic status (SES) impacts health and life-course outcomes. This genome-wide association study (GWAS) of sociologically informed occupational status measures (ISEI, SIOPS, CAMSIS) using the UK Biobank (N = 273,157) identified 106 independent single-nucleotide polymorphisms of which 8 are novel to the study of SES. Genetic correlations with educational attainment (r
g = 0.96–0.97) and income (r
g = 0.81–0.91) point to a common genetic factor for SES. We observed a 54–57% reduction in within-family predictions compared with population-based predictions, attributed to indirect parental effects (22–27% attenuation) and assortative mating (21–27%) following our calculations. Using polygenic scores from population predictions of 5–10% (incremental R
2 = 0.023–0.097 across different approaches and occupational status measures), we showed that (1) cognitive and non-cognitive traits, including scholastic and occupational motivation and aspiration, link polygenic scores to occupational status and (2) 62% of the intergenerational transmission of occupational status cannot be ascribed to genetic inheritance of common variants but other factors such as family environments. Finally, links between genetics, occupation, career trajectory and health are interrelated with parental occupational status.
Preserving conceptual design integrity: strategies for enhancing interoperability in architectural digital design workflows
Authors: El-Khouly Tamir , Abdelhalim Omnia
Published: December 2024

This research addresses the persistent challenges of data loss and inefficient workflow integration between 3D digital design tools (Rhinoceros) and Building Information Modelling (BIM) platforms (Revit) in the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industries. The study investigates how design integrity can be preserved during the transition between these platforms, focusing on ensuring compatibility while maintaining the original design intent. The research aims to answer the question: How can design integrity be preserved when transitioning from 3D design tools to BIM platforms while ensuring seamless interoperability? Using an inductive bottom-up approach, empirical data were collected from 35 student projects over three years at The American University in Cairo. Observations were used to classify challenges encountered in transitioning from Rhinoceros to Revit, synthesising the results into evidence-based best practices. Surveys and statistical analyses were conducted on the participants’ (students’) responses to validate the findings from the analysis and observations of their digital workflow experiences. This study fills a gap in existing literature, which often overlooks the technical integration between 3D design tools and BIM platforms during the creative design phase. The research offers practical solutions for improving workflow integration, reducing data loss, and enhancing collaborative efficiency. The findings are expected to impact both professional practice and education, offering pathways to more efficient design transitions and equipping students with skills to navigate digital design challenges in future AEC projects.
Socioeconomic position interacts with the genetic effect of a CRP gene common variant to influence C-reactive protein values
Authors: Cheaib Miriam , Hornung Nicola , Dragano Nico , Frank Mirjam , Hoffmann Per , Nöthen Markus M. , Erbel Raimund , Stang Andreas , Schmidt Börge
Published: December 2024

Objectives: C-Reactive Protein (CRP) values are partly determined by variation at the CRP gene locus, but also influenced by socioeconomic position (SEP) and related lifestyle factors. As gene-by-SEP interactions have been suggested for traits associated with CRP and SEP (e.g., BMI, coronary artery disease), the aim of this study was to investigate the strength of a possible interaction between a CRP gene common variant (rs4287174) and SEP in their joint influence on CRP levels in a population-based study sample. Methods: Single nucleotide polymorphism rs4287174 was genotyped in 4065 participants (aged 45–75 years) of the Heinz Nixdorf Recall study, a population-based prospective cohort. SEP indicators (education and income), risk factors (i.e., body mass index (BMI), total cholesterol, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery calcification, current smoking, hypertension, diet, no exercise) and blood serum CRP (mg/dl) were assessed at study baseline. Interaction analysis was based on linear regression and on stratified analyses (genetic effect stratified by SEP and vice versa) adjusted for age and sex using loge(CRP + 1) as dependent variable. Results: Low SEP and rs4287174 T allele were both associated with higher CRP values. The strongest genetic effect was observed in the lowest educational group (≤ 10 years of education) with an exp(β) indicating 1.058-fold (95%-CI: 1.018; 1.100) average CRP values per additional T allele, while in the highest educational group (≥ 18 years) the association was considerably less strong (exp(β): 1.005 (95%-CI: 0.975; 1.037)). After including rs4287174-by-education interaction terms in the regression analysis, interaction was indicated suggesting stronger genetic effects on CRP in low SEP groups (exp(βinteraction): 1.056 (95%-CI: 1.005; 1.108); p = 0.029). The observed interaction did not seem to be substantially mediated by the risk factors included in the analysis. No indication for rs4287174-by-income interaction was observed. Conclusion: Results imply that genetic effects of the CRP locus are modified by education as an indicator of life course SEP.
Deep Bayesian active learning using in-memory computing hardware
Authors: Lin Yudeng , Gao Bin , Tang Jianshi , Zhang Qingtian , Qian He , Wu Huaqiang
Published: December 2024

Labeling data is a time-consuming, labor-intensive and costly procedure for many artificial intelligence tasks. Deep Bayesian active learning (DBAL) boosts labeling efficiency exponentially, substantially reducing costs. However, DBAL demands high-bandwidth data transfer and probabilistic computing, posing great challenges for conventional deterministic hardware. Here we propose a memristor stochastic gradient Langevin dynamics in situ learning method that uses the stochastic of memristor modulation to learn efficiency, enabling DBAL within the computation-in-memory (CIM) framework. To prove the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method, we implemented in-memory DBAL on a memristor-based stochastic CIM system and successfully demonstrated a robot’s skill learning task. The inherent stochastic characteristics of memristors allow a four-layer memristor Bayesian deep neural network to efficiently identify and learn from uncertain samples. Compared with cutting-edge conventional complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor-based hardware implementation, the stochastic CIM system achieves a remarkable 44% boost in speed and could conserve 153 times more energy.
Implementing epic fast pass for echocardiogram and endoscopy to improve healthcare access and utilization
Authors: Yin Andrew L. L. , Feigelman Andrew M. , Delgado Yahaira , Min Robert J. , Cheriff Adam D. , Travis Gossey J. , Trepp Richard , Beecy Ashley
Published: December 2024

Access and efficient resource utilization remain critical challenges in healthcare, often leading to long wait times despite unfilled outpatient appointments. Epic Fast Pass (EFP), an innovative feature within the Electronic Health Record (EHR), has improved outpatient appointment scheduling, reduced wait times, and enhanced access in routine appointments. Guided by the principles of a learning health system, we describe the novel application of EFP to imaging and procedural services, specifically outpatient echocardiograms and endoscopies. We collected user data over 15 months for echocardiograms and 4 months for endoscopies. For echocardiograms, 41.26% of patients accepted an offer, improving their appointment times by an average of 12.8 days. For endoscopies, 48.35% accepted, with an average improvement of 50.43 days. Our results demonstrate that rescheduling tools for outpatient imaging and procedural appointments are both feasible and promising, with the potential to enhance patient access and optimize resource utilization.
Preparing healthcare education for an AI-augmented future
Authors: Zhang Jiajie , Fenton Susan H.
Published: December 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) fundamentally transforms healthcare education as a knowledge enterprise, creating a distributed cognitive system composed of the human brain, which remains relatively unchanged, and AI-based knowledge and cognitive functions, which have accelerated exponentially in scale and power. Education must focus on developing skills to collaborate with AI and on achieving outcomes like problems solved and discoveries made. Curriculum and education policies also need to adapt to this transformation.
Direct-detection of glyphosate in drinking water via a scalable and low-cost laser-induced graphene sensor
Authors: Lopes Bruno Vasconcellos , Maron Guilherme Kurz , Masteghin Mateus Gallucci , Balboni Raphael Dorneles Caldeira , Silva S. Ravi P. , Carreno Neftali Lenin Villarreal
Published: December 2024

A voltammetric sensor based on laser-induced graphene (LIG) for glyphosate detection in water, highlighting the electrode fabrication process, the voltammetric detection mechanism, and the analytical performance.
Two-step continuous flow-driven synthesis of 1,1-cyclopropane aminoketones
Authors: Velichko Viktoria , Moi Davide , Soddu Francesco , Scipione Roberto , Podda Enrico , Luridiana Alberto , Cambie Dario , Secci Francesco , Cabua Maria Chiara
Published: December 2024

Optimized continuous flow synthesis of 1,1-cyclopropane aminoketones was achieved by enhancing the photocyclization of 1,2-diketones to 2-hydroxycyclobutanones, followed by their reaction with aryl- and alkylamines through tandem C4–C3 ring contraction.
A biocompatible Ni(ii) complex as an amyloid sensor for human PrP106–126 fibrillar aggregates
Authors: Saini Rajat , Chauhan Rahul , Singh Sain , Saini Saakshi , Navale Govinda R. , Panwar Abhishek , Kukreti Prashant , Ahmed Imtiaz , Roy Partha , Ghosh Kaushik
Published: December 2024

A novel probe (KRS-1) for detecting human PrP106–126 aggregation was synthesized. Through PL measurements with KRS-1 and ThT, the stages of PrP106–126 aggregation are shown. KRS-1 was employed to detect PrP106–126 aggregates in neuronal HT-22 cells.
Chemistries on the inner leaflet of the cell membrane
Authors: Xie Wenxue , Kong Yuhan , Ren Cong , Wen Yujian , Ying Maben , Xing Hang
Published: December 2024

This Highlight focuses on the cell membrane's inner leaflet, covering its fundamental biology and modification strategies including genetic engineering, transmembrane peptide insertion, and liposome fusion-based transport techniques.
Suzuki–Miyaura/Mizoroki–Heck coupling cascade to access 2,2′-bifunctionalized biaryls
Authors: Maurya Naveen Kumar , Singh Anushka , Sahu Ankita , Kumar Asit , Kant Ruchir , Rao Vishal Govind , Shukla Sanjeev K. , Kuram Malleswara Rao
Published: December 2024

A cascade bifunctionalization strategy successfully delivering otherwise difficult to achieve 2,2′-bifunctionalized biaryls via Suzuki–Miyaura couling and Mizoroki–Heck reaction on cyclic diarylidonium salts is presented.
Bioinspired design of DNA in aqueous ionic liquid media for sustainable packaging of horseradish peroxidase under biotic stress
Authors: Dhiman Diksha , Sethi Aaftaab , Sinha Rakesh , Biswas Sagar , Franklin Gregory , Mondal Dibyendu
Published: December 2024

Enhanced activity, improved stability, and protease resistance of HRP achieved with a bio-inspired DNA in an ionic liquid system.
Negative linear compressibility of molecular and ionic-molecular crystals
Authors: Korabel’nikov Dmitry V. , Fedorov Igor A.
Published: December 2024

It is found for the first time that the EMN molecular crystal demonstrates negative linear compressibility (NLC) up to ∼0.15 GPa, whereas the TBPA ionic-molecular crystal shows significant NLC at pressures higher than ∼0.2 GPa.
Quantification of vehicular versus uncorrelated Li+–solvent transport in highly concentrated electrolytes via solvent-related Onsager coefficients
Authors: Kilian Hendrik , Pothmann Tabita , Lorenz Martin , Middendorf Maleen , Seus Stefan , Schönhoff Monika , Roling Bernhard
Published: December 2024

Based on a volume conservation constraint, we obtain solvent-related Onsager coefficients and derive a quantitative parameter characterizing vehicular Li+–solvent transport.
Heteroatomic molecules for coordination engineering towards advanced Pb-free Sn-based perovskite photovoltaics
Authors: Gao Weiyin , Huang Rui , Dong He , Li Wangyue , Wu Zhongbin , Chen Yonghua , Ran Chenxin
Published: December 2024

Coordination engineering via developing various heteroatomic molecules has enabled Sn-based perovskite solar cells with efficiency approaching 16% and robust stability. This review summarizes the fundamentals, advances, and prospects of this topic.
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy: a half-century historical perspective
Authors: Yi Jun , You En-Ming , Hu Ren , Wu De-Yin , Liu Guo-Kun , Yang Zhi-Lin , Zhang Hua , Gu Yu , Wang Yao-Hui , Wang Xiang , Ma Hao , Yang Yang , Liu Jun-Yang , Fan Feng Ru , Zhan Chao , Tian Jing-Hua , Qiao Yu , Wang Hailong , Luo Si-Heng , Meng Zhao-Dong , Mao Bing-Wei , Li Jian-Feng , Ren Bin , Aizpurua Javier , Apkarian Vartkess Ara , Bartlett Philip N. , Baumberg Jeremy , Bell Steven E. J. , Brolo Alexandre G. , Brus Louis E. , Choo Jaebum , Cui Li , Deckert Volker , Domke Katrin F. , Dong Zhen-Chao , Duan Sai , Faulds Karen , Frontiera Renee , Halas Naomi , Haynes Christy , Itoh Tamitake , Kneipp Janina , Kneipp Katrin , Le Ru Eric C. , Li Zhi-Peng , Ling Xing Yi , Lipkowski Jacek , Liz-Marzán Luis M. , Nam Jwa-Min , Nie Shuming , Nordlander Peter , Ozaki Yukihiro , Panneerselvam Rajapandiyan , Popp Jürgen , Russell Andrea E. , Schlücker Sebastian , Tian Yang , Tong Lianming , Xu Hongxing , Xu Yikai , Yang Liangbao , Yao Jianlin , Zhang Jin , Zhang Yang , Zhang Yao , Zhao Bing , Zenobi Renato , Schatz George C. , Graham Duncan , Tian Zhong-Qun
Published: December 2024

This review comprehensively presents the fifty-year journey of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), covering its discovery, pivotal phases, innovative methods, and key inspirations from the pioneers and trailblazers.
A cooperative model for metallocene catalyst activation by methylaluminoxane
Authors: Collins Scott , Linnolahti Mikko
Published: December 2024

DFT study of rac-Me2Si(η5-C9H6)2ZrMe2 activation by methylaluminoxane (MAO) show that two MAO species form an ion-pair with a weakly coordinating counter-anion, explaining the high insertion activity of zirconocene catalysts at high Al : Zr ratios.
The effect of precipitation on gaseous oxidized and elemental mercury concentrations as quantified by two types of atmospheric mercury measurement systems
Authors: Weiss-Penzias Peter S. , Lyman Seth N. , Elgiar Tyler , Gratz Lynne E. , Luke Winston T. , Quevedo Gabriel , Choma Nicole , Gustin Mae Sexauer
Published: December 2024

Atmospheric HgII concentrations at a given site are linearly related to the amount of HgII lost from the atmosphere during precipitation. The slope from DCS measurement data (a) could be used to correct the older data which were biased low (b).
Supercapatteries: unlocking the potential of battery-supercapacitor fusion
Authors: Seenivasan Selvaraj , Adhikari Sangeeta , Sivagurunathan Amarnath T. , Kim Do-Heyoung
Published: December 2024

Supercapatteries represent the ultimate coexistence of high power and high energy density in a single energy storage device. This review highlights the importance of quantitative criteria that differentiate supercapatteries from hybrid capacitors.
An in-depth analysis of the impact of environmental drivers on the variability of phytoplankton community in the Arabian Sea during 2010–2021
Authors: Ali Syed Moosa , Kuttippurath Jayanarayanan , Krishna Aswathy Vijaya , Gupta Anurag , Ganguly Debojyoti , P Anjaneyan , Raman Mini , Sahay Arvind , Babu K. N.
Published: December 2024

Seasonal climatology of micro-, nano- and pico-plankton in the Arabian Sea for the period 2010–2021.
Cytocompatible, disintegrable, low-voltage operation n-type organic thin film transistors
Authors: Ali Mohsin , Ronnasi Bahar , Ourabi May , Park Joon Hyung , St-Pierre Jean-Philippe , Kim Chang-Hyun , Lessard Benoît H.
Published: December 2024

The constant demands for the better performance of consumer electronics have led to shorter usage lifespans, resulting in a significant increase in electronic waste (e-waste).
Expanding the reaction toolbox for nanoscale direct-to-biology PROTAC synthesis and biological evaluation
Authors: Stevens Rebecca , Shrives Harry J. , Cryan Jenni , Klimaszewska Diana , Stacey Peter , Burley Glenn A. , Harling John D. , Battersby David J. , Miah Afjal H.
Published: December 2024

High-throughput chemistry (HTC) and direct-to-biology (D2B) platforms allow for plate-based compound synthesis and biological evaluation of crude mixtures in cellular assays.
Adapting single-walled carbon nanotube-based thin-film transistors to flexible substrates with electrolyte-gated configurations using a versatile tri-layer polymer dielectric
Authors: Ourabi May , Massey Roslyn S. , Prakash Ravi , Lessard Benoît H.
Published: December 2024

Carbon nanotube-based thin-film and electrolyte-gated transistors with environmentally benign dielectric materials can be fabricated on flexible substrates and have potential for further development into wearable sensors.
Breaking boundaries: novel tridecavanadate polyoxometalates with a unique six-fold tetradentate coordination capacity for lanthanum(iii) and a two-fold bidentate decavanadate ligand in a single compound
Authors: Somasundaram Janaki Devi , Kabzan Henrich , Gyepes Róbert , Krivosudský Lukáš
Published: December 2024

A novel isopolyvanadate species, [VIVVV12O38]12− (V13), has been identified showcasing a unique six-fold tetradentate coordination with La(iii).
Dual-stimuli-responsive nanoparticles for the co-delivery of small molecules to promote neural differentiation of human iPSCs
Authors: You Jeong Hyun , Kim Na Yeon , Choi Yoon Young , Choi Hyung Woo , Chung Bong Geun
Published: December 2024

The differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) into neural progenitor cells (NPCs) is a promising approach for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and regenerative medicine.
Decoupling many-body interactions in the CeO2(111) oxygen vacancy structure with statistical learning and cluster expansion
Authors: Zhang Yujing , Han Zhong-Kang , Zhu Beien , Hu Xiaojuan , Troppenz Maria , Rigamonti Santiago , Li Hui , Draxl Claudia , Ganduglia-Pirovano M. Verónica , Gao Yi
Published: December 2024

Oxygen vacancies (VO's) are of paramount importance in influencing the properties and applications of ceria (CeO2).
Visible-light-induced aerobic oxidative cyclization of nitroarenes with triethylamine using an organophotocatalyst
Authors: Zhou Yazheng , He Yutong , Huang Huawen , Deng Guo-Jun
Published: December 2024

Herein, we report a novel synthetic method for isoxazolidine derivatives through visible-light-induced photoredox cascade cyclization of nitroarenes with triethylamine under aerobic conditions.
Harnessing acylhydrazone-oxime exchange reaction to achieve diverse synthesis of glycosite-specific antibody–drug conjugates
Authors: Xia Fei , Liu Zhi , Hang Jiaying , Xu Hao , Xiao Yuting , Niu Shuyue , Qin Ji , Lou Songyue , Liu Bo , Tang Feng , Huang Wei , Yang Yang , Shi Wei
Published: December 2024

Glycosite-specific antibody–drug conjugates (gsADCs), which carry cytotoxic payloads at the conserved N-glycosylation site, N297, of an IgG, have emerged as a promising ADC format with better therapeutic index.
The rise and fall of copper hydride clusters. a snapshot of hexanuclear-to-dodecanuclear expansion
Authors: Ekanayake Dewmi A. , Krause Jeanette A. , Guan Hairong
Published: December 2024

A dodecanuclear copper hydride L4Cu12H12 is shown to be a transient species after the cluster expansion from L2Cu4H4 to L3Cu6H6 and before the degradation to Cu(0), L, and H2.
Design and electrospinning synthesis of red luminescent-highly anisotropic conductive Janus nanobelt hydrogel array films
Authors: Qi Haina , Huang Huazhi , Hu Yaolin , Li Ning , Yang Liu , Zhang Xuejian , Li Yongtao , Zhao Hongkai , Li Dan , Dong Xiangting
Published: December 2024

A new strategy for the preparation of conductive hydrogels by a simple method with high anisotropic conductivity is proposed.
Plasmonic colorimetric sensor based on alpha-cyclodextrin-functionalized silver nanoparticles for the selective detection of arsenic(iii) in aqueous media
Authors: Sahu Dileshwari , Khute Madhuri , Pillai Ajai Kumar
Published: December 2024

Detection of As(iii) using α/CyD-AgNPs via colorimetric technique.
Trace amount of taurine leveling agent for stable Zn anode
Authors: Zhang Xin , Zheng Kai , Hu Dingyi , Liu Si , Lin Zhifeng
Published: December 2024

The study introduces a trace amount of taurine (TAU) as a leveling additive into the electrolyte to optimize the microstructure of the electrolyte and the anode interface chemistry, which can achieve highly reversible zinc deposition and dissolution.
Optimising reaction conditions in flasks for performances in organic light-emitting devices
Authors: Ikemoto Koki , Akiyoshi Misato , Kobayashi Ayano , Kita Hiroshi , Taka Hideo , Isobe Hiroyuki
Published: December 2024

Complex multistep processes from the flask to the device were directly correlated by combining Design-of-Experiments optimisation with machine learning predictions to find optimal conditions for a high performance organic light-emitting device.
Detection of C-reactive protein using single cluster analysis of gold nanoparticle aggregates using a dark-field microscope equipped with a smartphone
Authors: Fukuzumi Nanami , Nakagawa Takako , Hirao Gen , Ogawa Atsushi , Maeda Mizuo , Asahi Tsuyoshi , Zako Tamotsu
Published: December 2024

We developed a method to detect C-reactive protein (CRP) using single cluster analysis of gold nanoparticle aggregates using a dark-field microscope equipped with a smartphone. The sensitivity was sufficiently high as a diagnostic indicator.
Global alignment and local curvature of microtubules in mouse fibroblasts are robust against perturbations of vimentin and actin
Authors: Blob Anna , Ventzke David , Rölleke Ulrike , Nies Giacomo , Munk Axel , Schaedel Laura , Köster Sarah
Published: December 2024

The analysis of fluorescence microscopy images of micropatterned mouse fibroblasts reveals a robust radial organization of microtubules. Furthermore, on average, microtubule curvatures are independent of actin and vimentin.
Constructing high-performance zinc metal anodes based on an amino-functionalized highly three-dimensional porous structure interface layer
Authors: Li Shuo , Du Yingxiao , Zhu Xinyan , Zhao Ningning , Dai Lei , Li Bin , Zhang Zekun , Meng Wei , Zhu Jing , Wang Ling , He Zhangxing
Published: December 2024

Aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) are one of the most well-liked power source systems at present because of their low price and elevated security.
Stability regulation of metal–organic framework materials for electrocatalysis
Authors: Yu Shiyu , Zhang Yue , Zhang Chengxu , Zi Yunhai , Feng Yuebin , Hu Jue
Published: December 2024

The stability of metal–organic framework materials (MOFs) greatly affects their catalytic performance and cycle life in practical applications.
Thermosensitive liposome-encapsulated gold nanocages for photothermal-modulated drug release and synergistic photothermal therapy
Authors: Hao Ran , Jiao Meng , Xu Xingguo , Wu Di , Wei Haiying , Zeng Leyong
Published: December 2024

Using gold nanocages as carriers and thermo-sensitive liposome as a protective shell, a camptothecin-loaded delivery nanosystem was designed for photothermal-modulated drug release, achieving safe and reliable photothermal therapy and chemotherapy.
Intrinsic magnetism in semiconducting bulk amorphous tellurium
Authors: Kim Jongchan , Sung Myung Mo , Cho Kyeongjae
Published: December 2024

We report doping-free magnetism in semiconducting amorphous Te, revealing intrinsic magnetic sites arising from hypervalent structural distortions unlike non-magnetic crystalline Te.
Deep ultraviolet transparent borophosphates LiAB2P2O9 (A = NH4, K) and LiNaB2P2O8(OH)2·H2O exhibiting a moderate second-harmonic generation response
Authors: Zhao Huanhuan , Li Chenxu , Lu Juanjuan , Yang Zhihua , Han Jian , Pan Shilie
Published: December 2024

The three deep ultraviolet transparent borophosphate crystals LiAB2P2O9 (A = NH4, K) and LiNaB2P2O8(OH)2·H2O were synthesized, among which LiAB2P2O9 (A = NH4, K) demonstrates a moderate second harmonic generation response.
Adaptive polynomial predictive filter for sensor data estimation and prediction in interference environment
Authors: Sivaraman Dileep , Pillai Branesh M. , Ongwattanakul Songpol , Suthakorn Jackrit
Published: December 2024

This study introduces an adaptive polynomial predictive filter (APPF) to address the issues of inconsistent and interrupted sensor data in estimation and prediction tasks. The APPF utilizes a polynomial prediction model to estimate time‐variant/time‐invariant sensor data through polynomial extrapolation. A key feature of the APPF is the autonomous determination of an accurate polynomial order, which reflects the nonlinearity level of the system. This dynamic adjustment allows the APPF to effectively capture the complex dynamics of nonlinear systems without manual tuning, thereby ensuring an accurate sensor data estimation and fusion. This study primarily focuses on validating the feasibility of the APPF method, and the theoretical basis, implementation, and performance evaluation of the APPF are covered, with results from MATLAB simulations and laboratory‐based practical experiments comparing the APPF with Kalman filter techniques. Experiments using Hall effect sensors, which provide precise localization by detecting magnetic signals, were conducted to assess the effectiveness of the APPF in addressing the sensor data variances and disturbances commonly encountered in surgical robotic tracking. The findings demonstrate that the APPF significantly enhances estimation and prediction accuracy, highlighting its potential for improving sensor data reliability in various applications.
An innovative semantically guided SAR imaging and target enhancement method
Authors: Zhou Guoru , Zhang Zhe , Zhang Bingchen , Wu Yirong
Published: December 2024

Conventional sparse synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging methods apply regularisation to constrain scene priors. However, these methods often neglect specific target regions, resulting in undifferentiated imaging. This letter introduces a novel network for sparse SAR imaging and target region enhancement, using target segmentation semantic information to integrate a modified attention mechanism into the image formation process. The complex‐valued convolution is used to handle SAR's complex‐valued data. Additionally, SAR imaging operator and its inverse operator accelerate echo processing. Experiments show improvements in the target–background ratio (TBR) and overall reconstruction quality across various downsampling scenarios.
The question of thermoelectric devices (TEDs) in/efficiency—A practical research considering thermoelectric generators (TEGs)
Authors: Bayendang Nganyang Paul , Balyan Vipin , Kahn Mohamed Tariq
Published: December 2024

Thermoelectricity is a versatile clean energy technology; however, its in/efficiency has been a question of debate. Thus, this practical study focuses on thermoelectric devices' (TEDs') performance when operated as thermoelectric generators (TEGs). Sixteen identical TEDs (TEC‐12706 of the same made and model) were operated as TEGs under the same experimental setup and test modalities with a hotside temperature between ∼20°C and ∼100°C and a coldside temperature of ∼20°C, to practically and comparatively examine the TEGs voltage production and energy conversion in/efficiency. The findings revealed that, while it's already common knowledge that a TEG output voltage is proportional to its temperature difference as evident in all the TEGs used in the study; however, as the TEGs temperature difference proportionally increases, some of the TEGs relatively produced less, the same and more output voltages at certain temperature differences compared to others. For example, TEG1 and TEG3 produced almost the same output voltages throughout; however, at ∼100°C hotside temperature, TEG3 produced 3.16 V, whereas TEG1 produced 2.90 V. While such widespread TEGs discrepancies can be mostly attributed to bad manufacturing/poor workmanship, they are usually misconstrued by some as a generic inherent thermoelectricity technology limitations which this study highlights.
MICONIC: Dual active galactic nuclei, star formation, and ionised gas outflows in NGC 6240 seen with MIRI/JWST
Authors: Hermosa Muñoz L. , Alonso-Herrero A. , Labiano A. , Guillard P. , Pantoni L. , Buiten V. , Dicken D. , Baes M. , Böker T. , Colina L. , Donnan F. , García-Bernete I. , Östlin G. , van der Werf P. , Ward M. J. , Brandl B. R. , Walter F. , Wright G. , Güdel M. , Henning Th. , Lagage P.-O. , Ray T.
Published: December 2024

Context. Galaxy mergers are an important and complex phase during the evolution of galaxies. They may trigger nuclear activity and/or strong star forming episodes in galaxy centres that potentially alter the evolution of the system.

Aims. As part of the guaranteed time observations program Mid-Infrared Characterization Of Nearby Iconic galaxy Centers (MICONIC), we used the medium-resolution spectrometer (MRS) of the Mid-Infrared Instrument on board the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) to study NGC 6240. We aim to characterise the dual active galactic nuclei (AGN), the ionised gas outflows, and the main properties of the interstellar medium over a mapped area of 6.6″ × 7.7″.

Aims. We obtained integral field spectroscopic mid-infrared data (wavelength from 4.9 to 28 μm) of NGC 6240. We modelled the emission lines through a kinematic decomposition that accounts for the possible existence of various components.

Methods. We have resolved both nuclei of NGC 6240 for the first time in the full 5−28 μm spectral range. The fine structure lines in the southern (S) nucleus are broader than for the northern (N) nucleus (full width at half maximum of ≥1500 versus ∼700 km s−1 on average, respectively). High excitation lines, such as [Ne V], [Ne VI], and [Mg V], are clearly detected in the N nucleus. In the S nucleus, the same lines can be detected but only after a decomposition of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon features in the integrated spectrum, due to a combination of a strong mid-IR continuum, broad emission lines, and intense star formation (SF). The SF is distributed all over the mapped field of view of 3.5 kpc × 4.1 kpc (projected), with the maximum located around the S nucleus. Both nuclear regions appear to be connected by a bridge region that is detected with all the emission lines. Based on the observed MRS line ratios and the high velocity dispersion (σ ∼ 600 km s−1), shocks also dominate the emission in this system. We detected the presence of outflows as a bubble north-west from the N nucleus and at the S nucleus. We estimated an ionised mass outflow rate of 1.4 ± 0.3 M⊙ yr−1 and 1.8 ± 0.2 M⊙ yr−1, respectively. Given the derived kinetic power of these outflows, both the AGN and the starburst could have triggered them.