bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Approach Towards the Fabrication of Flexible Piezoelectric Composite Film of Ca-Doped ZnO/PVDF for Energy Harvesting Application
Authors: Garima Garima , Bhukkal Suman
Published: February 2025

In the present time, there is a gradual increase in the demand for energy, especially green energy; therefore, significant advancements have occurred in the field of energy harvesting in recent years to meet the growing demand for portable, sustainable, and renewable energy sources. Corresponding gadgets are specifically engineered to capture and transform the surrounding energies into practical electrical energy. Using piezoelectric material, we are working to increase the energy output voltage from this material using different techniques. In this reported work, we synthesize the ZnO and Ca-doped ZnO (CaZ) powder with the help of the co-precipitation method calcined at 650o C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the prepared ceramic powders' phase formation. The calcined ZnO and Ca-doped ZnO (CaZ) particles were mixed with PVDF to prepare flexible composite films of 5 wt. % with a thickness of ̴ 60 µm by drop cast method. Structural analysis of the fabricated flexible composite film was performed by XRD and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, which indicated the formation of the β- β-phase in the composite film. SEM images were used to analyze the composite film's morphology and structure. The fabricated devices' energy harvesting performance was measured with a shaker's help. Then, a voltage output is measured by making electrical connections with the flexible films. The voltage output is 3.76V, 18.9V, and 21.8 V, respectively, for PVDF, 5 wt. % of ZnO and CaZ fillers with PVDF can run various small electrical devices.
Hardness and Wear Resistance Properties of Mg-9AL-1Zn Alloys For Automotive Applications
Authors: Neha Neha
Published: February 2025

Magnesium alloys are emerging as promising lightweight materials for automotive applications due to their ability to reduce weight and energy consumption. The Mg-Al-Zn system is particularly notable for its superior mechanical properties, combining zinc's contribution to increased strength with aluminium’s grain-refining capabilities. This study focuses on the Mg-9Al-1Zn alloy, cast using a gravity metal mold with air cooling and subjected to solution treatment at 415°C for two hours. Microstructural analysis revealed α-Mg as the primary matrix phase, with β-Mg17Al12 precipitates and pores identified. Elemental composition was confirmed through Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). Hardness evaluation demonstrated a significant increase from 65.21 VHN in the as-cast condition to 73.02 VHN after solution treatment, attributed to microstructural changes induced by processing. Furthermore, the alloy exhibited exceptional wear resistance, solidifying its potential as a lightweight, durable material for structural components in the automotive industry.
Pendampingan Kajian Agama dan Wawasan Keagamaan dalam Meningkatkan Spiritual Siswa SMK
Authors: Miftaku Ni'amah  , Asfahani Asfahani  , Muhajir Musa  , Liza Husnita
Published: February 2025

Religious studies and religious insight at Gula Rajawali Vocational School are directed at providing constructive solutions in shaping student character, through targeted and relevant assistance. This service aims to create an educational environment that supports students' spiritual development, fosters religious values, and makes a positive contribution to the character formation and welfare of students at Gula Rajawali Vocational School. The method used in carrying out this service is participatory story action research (PAR). The results of this service research show that the mentoring program for religious studies and religious insight at Gula Rajawali Vocational School succeeded in providing a significant positive impact on increasing students' spiritual dimensions. So, this program not only creates a deeper awareness of religious values, but also integrates spiritual aspects into the vocational learning environment, contributing to the holistic development of students.
Pemberdayaan Masyarakat melalui Budidaya Lebah dalam Meningkatkan Kreativitas Pemuda
Authors: Deswalantri Deswalantri  , Rinovian Rais  , Asfahani Asfahani
Published: February 2025

This research aims to explore the potential for community empowerment through bee cultivation activities, especially in the context of increasing youth creativity. Bees not only provide economic benefits through honey production, but also have the potential to strengthen social networks and increase the creativity of the younger generation. This research method includes participatory surveys, in-depth interviews, and field observations to collect data on beekeeping practices and their impact on society, especially youth. Data analysis was carried out using a qualitative approach to understand the complex dynamics of interactions between bee cultivation, community empowerment and the development of youth creativity. The research results show that beekeeping not only provides additional income for people, but also increases their understanding of the environment and ecology. Additionally, these activities encourage collaboration between older generations and youth, creating space for the exchange of knowledge and skills. In the context of youth creativity, participation in beekeeping is identified as a stimulus that encourages youth to develop creative, innovative and leadership thinking skills. Youth involved in these activities show an increase in new ideas, the courage to take risks, and the ability to adapt in facing challenges. This research presents theoretical and practical contributions by detailing the potential for community empowerment through beekeeping as an innovative way to increase youth creativity. Policy implications and practical recommendations are also discussed to support further development of this empowerment model in the context of beekeeping in communities.
Pendampingan UMKM melalui Penyediaan Lapak dalam Meningkatkan Perekonomian Masyarakat
Authors: Asfahani Asfahani  , Asysta Amalia Pasaribu  , A Idun Suwarna
Published: February 2025

In many countries, MSMEs are often faced with various obstacles such as limited capital, limited access to markets, and lack of managerial skills. Providing stalls for MSMEs can be an effective strategy in helping them expand their market reach and increase product visibility. The aim of this service is to assist MSMEs through providing stalls to improve the community's economy. The method used in this service research is the ABCD method. From the results of this research discussion, it can be concluded that mentoring MSMEs through the provision of stalls has a positive impact in improving the community's economy. Lapak not only provides opportunities for MSMEs to expand market reach and increase sales, but also creates closer relationships between business actors and consumers, which can contribute to the development of local communities.
Pendampingan Penyusunan Artikel pada Mahasiswa Guna Meningkatkan Kemampuan dalam Menulis dan Publikasi
Authors: Tamrin Fathoni
Published: February 2025

The purpose of preparing this work is to assist students in writing articles to improve their writing and publication skills. The ABCD method, which includes Needs Analysis, Forms of Mentoring, Process Analysis Methods, and Personal and Group Support, is the main basis for guiding Islamic Religious Education students at INSURI Ponorogo in improving their writing and publication skills through careful and holistic mentoring strategies. The results of this work reflect comprehensive assistance steps in improving the writing and publication skills of students in the Islamic Religious Education Study Program. In the initial stage, high enthusiasm can be seen through understanding the material, discussing ideas, and guiding literature. Article assistance begins with planning, guiding the structure of the article, and developing research skills. When writing drafts, students are guided in understanding the topic, intensive feedback, and strengthening the logic of scientific publications. The revision stage includes checking the narrative flow and critical analysis, aimed at improving the quality of the article. Language and writing style assistance involves language continuity and grammatical considerations. Journal selection is discussed in depth, increasing students' practical understanding. Preparation for publication involves guiding article submissions to journals, providing support in editorial responses, and helping students develop as writers and researchers. This assistance aims to achieve quality articles and increase students' self-confidence in the academic world.
Pendampingan dalam Penyuluhan Parenting bagi Wali Murid: Mendidik Anak Usia Golden Age di Era Digital
Authors: Farida Isroani
Published: February 2025

The digital era is a time that cannot be separated from the rapid increase in information technology. The nature and character of Islam are very valuable as a channel and barrier for children in managing information technology in the current digital era. This is what underlies the importance of Parenting Skills Training. In the Digital Era, the Islamic Digital Parenting community group movement program. This service aims to provide preparatory skills and knowledge to guardians regarding correct Islamic parenting patterns for children in old age. This service activity applies the Participatory Action Research (PAR) method with a participatory approach. This approach provides learning to the community or institutions in overcoming various problems. The results of this activity can stimulate parents and teachers to create learning situations appropriate to the child's developmental age that can be applied in everyday life. So, the implementation of parenting counseling activities on the topic of parenting styles and problem-solving strategies can run smoothly. This parenting activity can be carried out again systematically and sustainably with the hope that the parents of students can continue to update their knowledge, especially in this digital parenting era.
Penanaman Mangrove di Lagoi Bintan sebagai Upaya Perlindungan Wilayah Pesisir
Authors: Tiolina Evi  , Kumala Ratih , Wuri Septi Handayani  , Meifida Ilyas
Published: February 2025

Mangrove forests are one of the most comfortable places for several types of living creatures. This service aims to strengthen the protection of coastal area ecosystems and restore mangrove forest habitat in the country. This service method uses the Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) Model which is used in community service activities, prioritizing community empowerment to participate in Mangrove planting activities in Lagoi Bintan. This activity is a collaboration of the peak event of national mangrove planting activities simultaneously in 370 locations in 37 provinces in Indonesia and is carried out in two main series, namely the direct opening via Vicon (Video Conference) by the President of the Republic of Indonesia Ir. H. Joko Widodo (Jokowi) was then followed by planting mangroves simultaneously by all activity participants. The result of this service is that the national mangrove planting program has had a measurable positive impact in mitigating the risk of natural damage and developing the local economy throughout Indonesia, especially the Lagoi Bintan area. It is hoped that it can be an example of how environmental preservation can go hand in hand with sustainable development, preserving natural resources while improving community welfare. So, planting mangroves in Lagoi Bintan is not only an environmental conservation effort, but also a strategic step to improve the economic welfare of the local community.
Pendidikan Kesehatan dan Physical Exercise sebagai Upaya Menurunkan Tingkat Kelelahan dan Stress Warga Kampus International Islamic University Malaysia
Authors: Chayati Nur , Agung Rejecky  , Puspitowarno  , Aqila Fadiya Hayati Rusydi  , Thandar Soe Sumaiyah Jamaludin
Published: February 2025

Based on the results of a survey on the level of fatigue and stres of IIUM students, it is known that 30% felt mild fatigue and 70% felt moderate fatigue. For stres levels, it was found that 40% experienced moderate stres, 30% experienced mild stres. This condition is not recognized and if it continues, it will reduce the health status of IIUM Malaysia campus residents, so efforts are needed to improve their health status. The aim of this service research is to increase knowledge about stres and work fatigue, reduce fatigue levels and reduce stres levels for IIUM campus residents. The method applied in this community service is Community Based Research (CBR) using the Forum Group Discussion (FGD) approach. Community service activities that have been carried out include providing health education about the impact of work on fatigue and stres, followed by light physical exercise. There were 36 participants who attended. The results of the service carried out with a pre-testt and post-testt, knowledge about fatigue and stres, almost all participants experienced a significant increase. The average pre-testt and post-testt fatigue level score was 47.77, increasing to 94.72. For knowledge about stres, the average pre-testt and post-testt scores were 49.72 to 96.11. This community service shows that implementing formal education in the classroom carries the risk of causing serious health problems, so students and other campus residents are given informal education content in the form of relaxing activities outside the classroom.
Sosialisasi dan Pembinaan Kedisiplinan Santri dalam Mengikuti Kegiatan Pondok Pesantren di Bantul
Authors: Hodiri Adi Putra  , Parmadi Sigit Purnomo  , Dwi Suharyanta  , Virda Rahmatunnisa  , Reqy Syafira Nurafifah Sumarna
Published: February 2025

Discipline development for students is the most effective means in the educational process at Islamic boarding schools, which lasts for a day and a night, all of this cannot be separated from the people involved, from administrators, students, teachers, and Islamic boarding school caregivers, who can follow it well. The aim of this service is to increase the knowledge and awareness of students in improving their discipline in participating in activities at the Darul Hijrah Complex Islamic Boarding School. The Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) model is used in community service activities, prioritizing community empowerment to participate, in this case the Islamic Boarding School student community. This activity took the form of socialization and guidance to students regarding discipline which was carried out offline for 42 students. The media used are power point, laptop, LCD, and online quizzes using the Kahoot application. Measuring student discipline using a daily mutabaah book. The results of this service research show that the students are very enthusiastic about participating in activities and can easily understand material about discipline while accompanied by coaching, they can also organize themselves and can directly train and practice discipline in participating in activities at the Darul Hijrah Complex Islamic Boarding School. So, it can be concluded that the development of student discipline can be carried out continuously so that students can form better behavioral habits and easily participate in the activities of the Darul Hijrah Complex Islamic Boarding School.
Penguatan Peran Takmir Muhammadiyah Se Kabupaten Malang dalam Pemberdayaan Komunitas Keagamaan
Authors: Murdiono Murdiono , Muhammad Yusuf
Published: February 2025

This service aims to increase the role of Malang Regency Muhammadiyah mosque administrators (takmir) in strengthening religious communities through optimizing management skills. This service method uses a Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) approach through holding training sessions, workshops, and management skills development programs for Takmir. The results of this service show an increase in the quality of mosque services, increased community participation in religious activities, and overall empowerment of religious communities. The takmirs succeeded in improving management capabilities in managing the mosque, reflected in implementing more structured and quality religious programs and increased coordination with the surrounding community. Increasing community participation in religious activities also provides significant results; this shows the effectiveness of community service in strengthening active community involvement in religious activities. This service concludes that optimizing Takmir Muhammadiyah's management skills has positively impacted empowering religious communities in Malang Regency. The role of mosques as centers of religious and social activities is increasingly strengthening, while the community is increasingly actively involved in religious activities. This shows that this service has succeeded in achieving its goal, namely strengthening religious communities through improving the management skills of Muhammadiyah Takmir.
Pengaruh Lingkungan Belajar Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa Pada Mata Pelajaran PAI Kelas VII SMPS Muhammadiyah 17 Desa Pon
Authors: Ela Safitri
Published: February 2025

Sekolah adalah tempat pendidikan utama yang kedua setelah keluarga. Siswa-siswi, guru administrator, dan konselor bekerja sama dan melakukan pendidikan secara teratur dan terorganisir. Studi ini menyelidiki bagaimana kondisi lingkungan mempengaruhi SMPS Muhammadiyah 17 Desa Pon dengan prestasi siswa dalam Pendidikan Agama Islam. Studi ini dilakukan di SMPS Muhammadiyah 17 Desa Pon. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan seberapa besar pengaruh lingkungan sekolah terhadap hasil belajar dalam Pendidikan Agama Islam. Penelitian ini melibatkan 16 siswa secara keseluruhan, Peneliti menggunakan angket kuisioner observasi dan dokumentasi untuk mengumpulkan data yang valid. Peneliti menggunakan metode kuantitatif untuk menganalisis data. Mereka menggunakan rumus statistik seperti Rata-rata (rata-rata), Standar Deviasi (SD), TSR, dan kemudian korelasi momen produk dan koefisien determinasi. Hipotesis berdasarkan hasil uji bahwa lingkungan sekolah dapat mempengaruhi hasil belajar siswa. Nilai "r" sebesar 0,608 dengan taraf signifikansi 0,497 (5%) dan 0,423 (1%) menunjukkan bahwa "r" hitung lebih besar dari "r" tabel pada signifikansi 5% dan 1%, masing-masing. Setelah itu, koefisien determinasi dihitung dengan R2 0,23. Ini menunjukkan bahwa lingkungan sekolah memengaruhi 23% hasil belajar siswa. Dengan demikian, hipotesis alternatif Ha diterima, sedangkan hipotesis Ho ditolak. Hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam sangat dipengaruhi oleh lingkungan sekolah. untuk mengumpulkan data yang valid.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Interaktif Terhadap Hasil Belajar Pendidikan Agama Islam Siswa SMP Swasta Hang Tuah 2 Medan Nur Al Fiah
Authors: Nur Al Fiah
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh penggunaan media interaktif terhadap hasil belajar Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) siswa di SMP Swasta Hang Tuah 2 Medan. Dalam era digital saat ini, pemanfaatan teknologi dalam pendidikan menjadi sangat penting untuk meningkatkan efektivitas pembelajaran. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kuantitatif dengan desain eksperimen. Sampel penelitian terdiri dari 30 siswa yang dibagi menjadi dua kelompok: kelompok eksperimen yang menggunakan media interaktif dan kelompok kontrol yang menggunakan metode pembelajaran konvensional. Data dikumpulkan melalui tes hasil belajar dan kuesioner untuk mengukur Pengetahuan siswa. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan media interaktif berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap peningkatan hasil belajar PAI siswa, dengan rata-rata nilai kelompok eksperimen lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok kontrol. Selain itu, motivasi belajar siswa yang menggunakan media interaktif juga meningkat. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa integrasi media interaktif dalam pembelajaran PAI dapat menjadi alternatif efektif untuk meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan di tingkat SMP
Sosialisasi Pengelolaan Sampah Menjadi Rupiah Menuju Lingkungan Bersih dan Sejahtera di Dusun Krajan B, Desa Wonorejo Jember
Authors: Azade Girinda Decalzgi , Putri Inge Wiliandani Setya , Wardoyo Arik Aguk , Safira Dinara , Natara Adinda Margaretha , Wijaya Alfarabi Putra Ramadhan , Noval Ridhotul , Sugiharto Muhammad Syariifuddiin Allaam , Achmad Riza
Published: February 2025

Waste management is a major challenge in various regions, including in Krajan B Hamlet, Wonorejo Village, Kencong District. The waste management socialization program is one of the efforts to reduce the amount of waste produced and increase public awareness of the importance of waste management. This community service program aims to help the community in converting waste into economic value that is beneficial to the surrounding community. This community service method uses Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA). The results of community service show that this waste management socialization has succeeded in making waste a source of additional income for residents which can ultimately create a cleaner and healthier environment. The impact of this community service is expected to change people's attitudes towards waste, reduce pollution, and improve the economic welfare of the community there. Thus, this program is expected to be an example for other regions in creating a cleaner, healthier, more economical environment, and building a more independent and prosperous advanced society.
Peran Teknologi dalam Meningkatkan Semangat Siswa dalam Pembelajaran IPS di MTsN 1 Medan
Authors: Narpilla Suci Dahlya , Rahmah Aulia , Harahap Fahma Amelia , Zidane Ramandha
Published: February 2025

Technology plays a vital role in simplifying various activities, such as automating tasks, setting reminders, enhancing communication, paying bills with ease, shopping for essentials like groceries, and even managing investments all from the comfort of our homes. This study aims to explore how technology-based learning media contribute to the development of students' digital literacy, particularly in the context of social studies instruction at MTsN 1 Medan. The research employs a literature review method, drawing on various relevant journals that examine the role of technology in social studies education and its impact on digital literacy. Findings from the study reveal that integrating technology as a learning medium in junior high school social studies at MTsN 1 Medan positively influences students' enthusiasm for learning. This integration enhances their motivation, academic performance, and digital literacy skills.
Empowering the Traditional Pottery Entrepreneur Community through the Use of Technology to Maximize Business Income in Indonesia
Authors: Jenny Nancy Kaligis
Published: February 2025

The aim of carrying out this community service activity is to provide an understanding of "Implementation of Digital Marketing for Pottery Entrepreneurs in Pulutan Remboken" which is located in Pulutan - Remboken - North Sulawesi. After carrying out this activity, it is hoped that it can increase understanding and benefits to the Tataaran Dua sub-district community. This community service activity is held within 1 (one) day. In carrying out this service activity, the problem found was that the public still did not have a good understanding of "Implementation of Digital Marketing for Pottery Entrepreneurs", in accordance with the principles of management functions and strategy. The results of community service activities show that there has been increased knowledge and understanding among the community to start running their businesses in facing the current digital era. Overall, community service activities received a positive response from Pulutan pottery entrepreneurs.
Cultural Exchange and Social Inclusion: Exploring the Impact of International Art and Cultural Initiatives on Intercommunity Engagement
Authors: Zohaib Hassan Sain
Published: February 2025

International cultural exchange and arts initiatives are important elements in promoting intercultural understanding and social inclusion. However, no research has looked at the concrete impact of international arts and culture initiatives on levels of inter-community engagement. This article attempts to fill this knowledge gap by exploring its impact on inter-community relations and social inclusion. This research aims to investigate the impact of international arts and culture initiatives on levels of social engagement and inclusion among the various communities involved. We seek to understand how international cultural exchange through arts and culture can strengthen inter-community relations and promote greater social inclusion. This research was conducted using the Community Based Research CBR method) through a qualitative approach involving case studies of several international arts and culture initiatives that have been implemented in various regions. We conducted in-depth interviews with participants, organizers, and relevant stakeholders, and analyzed data from event documentation and field observations. The research results show that international arts and culture initiatives can have a significant impact on inter-community engagement and social inclusion. Cultural exchange through arts and culture enables better communication between communities, reduces stereotypes, and encourages closer cross-cultural collaboration. Additionally, it also results in stronger feelings of attachment between individuals from different cultural backgrounds. The results of this research show that international arts and culture initiatives have great potential in promoting inter-community engagement and social inclusion. Through creative cultural exchange, we can build bridges that connect diverse groups of people and encourage deeper intercultural understanding. The practical implication of these findings is the need to support and promote international arts and culture initiatives as an important tool in building a more inclusive and tolerant society.
Healthcare Diplomacy: Improving Cross-National Healthcare Delivery through International Community Engagement
Authors: Anjana Prusty
Published: February 2025

Inequality of access and quality of health services across countries is an urgent global issue. Especially in developing countries, the challenge of providing quality health services is a serious problem. This article explains the role of “health diplomacy” through international service in improving the delivery of health services across borders through community engagement. The aim of this research is to explore how health diplomacy through the involvement of the international community can improve the delivery of health services across countries. We seek to identify effective strategies to facilitate international health cooperation and improve access and quality of health services in the countries involved. This research uses the Community Based Research (CBR) method with a mixed approach involving document analysis, case studies, and interviews with international health stakeholders. We analyze health diplomacy initiatives involving the international community in various country contexts and analyze their impact on the delivery of health services across countries. The research results show that health diplomacy through the involvement of the international community can play a key role in improving the delivery of health services across countries. Well-coordinated international collaboration can help countries share medical knowledge, resources, and technology. This has the potential to increase access to quality health care and reduce health inequalities between countries. Health diplomacy through international service and community engagement can be an effective tool in improving the delivery of health services across borders. This collaboration encourages joint efforts to address global health problems, opens the door to closer cooperation between countries, and has the potential to improve access and quality of health services throughout the world.
Development of a Sanitation Education Program in Communities Near the Ganges River
Authors: Uma Shankar Yadav  , Tamrin Fathoni  , Lisma Meilia Wijayanti
Published: February 2025

The purpose of writing this work is to describe the Development of a Sanitation Education Program in Communities Near the Ganges River. We propose an ABCD (Asset-Based Community Development)-based sanitation education program for communities around the Ganges River, India, involving participatory data collection techniques and training in healthy sanitation practices. This program involves community members, support teams, local governments and NGOs to achieve cleanliness and sustainability goals. The result of this work is that In communities around the Ganges River that have long struggled with complex sanitation problems, they have developed an ambitious Sanitation Education Program. This program is supported by field data and relevant theory, with a focus on developing a Sanitation Education Module that is comprehensive and easy to understand. They also recognize the importance of training local teaching staff and mentoring the community to actively participate in the program. This approach reflects the theories of community building, transformational leadership, and behavior change. Lastly, the integration of sanitation education in formal and informal education systems ensures the program's sustainability and positive influence on future generations.
Exclusive Breastfeeding Education for Pregnant Women to Help Reduce Stunting in Selebung Village, Batukliang District
Authors: Yulastini Fitria , Hidayati Diah Ulfa
Published: February 2025

Stunting is a serious nutritional problem in Indonesia that can hinder children's physical and cognitive development. Based on data on the prevalence of stunting in toddlers collected by WHO, Indonesia is among the third countries with the highest prevalence in the Southeast Asia region. One effective effort to prevent stunting is to provide exclusive breastfeeding to babies from birth in accordance with one of the goals of the SDG's (Sustainable Development Goals) program, namely ending all forms of malnutrition with a strategic plan (renstra) to increase the percentage of babies under 6 months who receive exclusive breastfeeding. This community service activity aims to provide education about Exclusive Breastfeeding for pregnant women as an effort to reduce the incidence of stunting. This community service method uses Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) with educational counseling techniques assisted by flip sheet media. The target of this community service activity is pregnant women at the Polindes in Selebung Village, Aik Darek Health Center, Batukliang District, Central Lombok Regency. The results of this community service activity show an increase in pregnant women's understanding of Exclusive Breastfeeding. It is hoped that by increasing the knowledge and awareness of pregnant women, there will be a decrease in stunting rates in Selebung Village, as well as improving the quality of maternal and child health in the area.
ESP32: Manual Básico para Estudiantes
Authors: Ortiz Arciniega José Luis , Valencia Barahona Fernando Xavier , Bosmediano Cárdenas Carlos Patricio , Bastidas Jácome Alex Danilo , Aguirre Chagna Víctor Hugo , Jácome Ayala Paulina Johanna
Published: February 2025

En un mundo cada vez más conectado, el Internet de las Cosas (IoT) está transformando la manera en que interactuamos con los dispositivos y el entorno que nos rodea. La ESP32, una potente placa de desarrollo equipada con capacidades de WiFi y Bluetooth se ha convertido en una herramienta fundamental para aprender y desarrollar proyectos relacionados con esta tecnología emergente. Su versatilidad, bajo costo y facilidad de uso la hacen ideal tanto para principiantes como para profesionales que buscan explorar el mundo de la electrónica y la programación.

El libro “ESP32: Manual Básico para Estudiantes” está diseñado para servir como un recurso esencial para aquellos que desean iniciarse en el uso de placas de desarrollo hardware, específicamente la ESP32, y adquirir los conocimientos básicos necesarios para su programación y aplicación en proyectos de IoT. A lo largo de este manual, los estudiantes no solo aprenderán a utilizar esta herramienta tecnológica, sino que también desarrollarán competencias fundamentales para destacar en el campo del IoT y las telecomunicaciones, contribuyendo al desarrollo de soluciones innovadoras y prácticas en el mundo digital, teniendo como principales objetivos:

Proporcionar una base sólida: Introducir a los estudiantes en conceptos básicos de programación, algoritmos y electrónica aplicada, sentando las bases para proyectos más avanzados.
Facilitar la transición al uso de la ESP32: Presentar las características principales de la placa, su configuración inicial y sus aplicaciones prácticas de manera clara y accesible.
Enseñar mediante la práctica: Incluir ejercicios y proyectos básicos que permitan a los estudiantes aplicar lo aprendido de forma práctica y significativa.
Fomentar el desarrollo de habilidades: Estimular el pensamiento lógico, la resolución de problemas y la creatividad en el diseño de proyectos.
Frequency of Cirrhotic Cardiomyopathy Among Patients with Liver Cirrhosis
Authors: Mirza Muhammad Usman Baig  , Kashif Malik  , Sundus Jahangir  , Muhammad Aslam  , Firasat Shah  , Abdul Haq  , Sana Ullah kakar
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Patients with liver cirrhosis may develop cirrhotic cardiomyopathy (CCM), a disorder marked by a compromised cardiac response to stress. Because of its mild clinical appearance and comorbidity with other signs of liver disease, it often remains undetected. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical importance of CCM and ascertain its prevalence in cirrhotic individuals. Methods: Study was conducted from July 2024 to December 2024. Purposive sampling was used to identify 200 liver cirrhosis patients from a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan, for this qualitative study. Semi-structured, in-depth interviews were used to gather data, and thematic analysis was used to find recurrent themes in the participants' CCM experiences. Results: According to the study, patients with cirrhosis that lasted one to three years had the highest prevalence of CCM symptoms, with fatigue and dyspnea being the most often reported symptoms. Significant abnormalities were revealed by echocardiography, including an enlarged left atrium and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. The majority of individuals reported symptoms after 1-3 years of cirrhosis, and the frequency of CCM symptoms rose with the length of cirrhosis. Conclusion: The prevalence of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy (CCM) in clinical practice is significant, as highlighted by this study. Findings emphasize the link between cirrhosis duration and CCM onset, with myocardial dysfunction worsening as cirrhosis progresses. Common symptoms include peripheral edema, fatigue, and dyspnea. Echocardiography often reveals left atrial enlargement and ventricular diastolic dysfunction. Early detection and cardiovascular monitoring, especially in decompensated cirrhosis, can reduce morbidity and mortality through timely intervention.
Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) to Predict Mortality in Patients with Sepsis
Authors: Taimoor Khan Panezai  , Kaleem Ullah Kakar  , Inamullah kakar  , Taham Zubair  , Ali Haider  , Zafar Ahmed Khan  , Sana Ullah Kakar
Published: February 2025

Background: Sepsis, a leading cause of infection-related death, often results in high mortality despite advances in treatment. Early detection of high-risk patients is essential for improving outcomes. The Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) is a simple, inexpensive biomarker obtained from a complete blood count (CBC) that reflects the balance between inflammation and immune response. While NLR has been shown to predict outcomes in various conditions, its prognostic value in sepsis remains debated. Objective: This study aims to assess the predictive value of NLR for mortality in sepsis patients, determining whether higher NLR at hospital admission correlates with worse outcomes. Material and Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted from July 2024 to December 2024 at tertiary care hospital in Quetta with 200 sepsis patients. NLR was calculated from CBC results at the time of admission, and patients were categorized based on survival and clinical outcomes. The relationship between NLR, disease severity, length of stay, and comorbidities was also examined. Results: Higher NLR values were significantly associated with increased mortality, prolonged hospital stays, septic shock, and higher mechanical ventilation requirements. Patients with NLR >10 had the highest mortality rate (83.3%). Conclusion: This study concludes that Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) has strong predictive value in sepsis severity and mortality. Higher NLR correlates with increased mortality, longer hospital stays, and more septic shock, with values above 10 being significant. It serves as a cost-effective biomarker, especially in resource-limited settings, aiding early detection and intervention. Future research should validate NLR thresholds and explore its role in sepsis monitoring and clinical protocols.
Characterization of Potential Virus Resistance Genes in Different Crops Through In-silico Approaches
Authors: Mehar Ali Raza  , Rida Zaib  , Aimen Khalid  , Amna Afzal  , Faheem kanwal  , Muhammad Azmat  , Imran Zafar  , Shaista Shafiq
Published: February 2025

Begomoviruses, particularly the cotton leaf curl virus (CLCuV), pose significant threats to global agriculture, especially cotton production. This study identified five resistance gene analogs (RGAs)—KT250635, KT886994, KT633945, KT885194, and KT633946—in Gossypium hirsutum and evaluated their potential against CLCuV using bioinformatics and molecular modeling approaches. Structural validation through Ramachandran plot analysis demonstrated that KT250635 and KT886994 had 92.6% residues in the most favored regions, while KT633945 and KT633946 exhibited slightly lower stereochemical reliability, requiring further refinement. GMQE scores ranged from 0.48 to 0.79, with KT250635 achieving a high residue quality score of 0.90. Functional annotation revealed significant homology, with KT250635 sharing 93.1% similarity with Sorghum bicolor and 97.1% with Gossypium raimondii, suggesting broad-spectrum resistance potential. Protein modeling and validation through I-TASSER and QMEAN-Z scores demonstrated structural stability, with KT250635 emerging as the most promising candidate. Phylogenetic analysis clustered KT250635 and KT886994 closely with resistance-related genes across diverse taxa, highlighting evolutionary conservation and functional significance. Additionally, KT633945 and KT885194 exhibited genetic similarity with peach and wild legumes, suggesting potential cross-species resistance traits. Bootstrap analysis with 1000 replicates ensured the robustness of the phylogenetic clustering. These findings provide a strong foundation for breeding CLCuV-resistant cotton varieties and underscore the importance of genetic insights in sustainable crop protection. These results contribute to understanding resistance mechanisms in cotton and may aid in the genetic improvement of susceptible varieties. Future studies should explore the functional role of these genes in resistance pathways and their potential applicability in other crop species to enhance resilience against viral pathogens.
The Evolution of ‘Hagia Sophia’: A Historical Analysis
Authors:   University of Dhaka, Amin Md. Nurul
Published: February 2025

Hagia Sophia, an iconic architectural wonder, has stood as a testament to the passage of time and the amalgamation of diverse cultural influences. The journey of Hagia Sophia begins in 537 AD when it was constructed in Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul) during the reign of Emperor Justinian I. As the grandest cathedral of the Byzantine Empire, it showcased remarkable architectural innovations. In 1453, the city fell to the Ottomans, marking a turning point for Hagia Sophia. Under the rule of Sultan Mehmed II, the cathedral was converted into a mosque, and several modifications were made. During the 20th century, Turkey underwent a period of significant political and social reforms under Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. As part of his efforts to modernize the nation, Hagia Sophia was transformed into a secular museum in 1935. This transition aimed to embrace the structure’s historical and cultural significance while promoting Turkey's secular identity. However, in recent years, Hagia Sophia has faced controversy and debate over its status. In 2020, it was reverted to a mosque by a decree from the Turkish government, igniting international reactions and raising questions about the delicate balance between cultural heritage and religious symbolism. This historical analysis delves into the evolution of Hagia Sophia as a remarkable architectural marvel that has witnessed the rise and fall of empires and served as a potent symbol of religious and cultural harmony. This study employed qualitative method of historical research mainly based on the secondary sources. By examining its transformation from a Byzantine cathedral to an Ottoman mosque and eventually a museum, this study sheds light on the complex interplay of historical, political, and religious forces that have shaped the destiny of this extraordinary monument.
আব্বাসি খিলাফত ও সাফফারি রাজবংশ: সম্পর্ক বিশ্লেষণ (The Abbasid Caliphate and the Saffarid Dynasty: An Analysis of their Relationship)
Authors:   University of Dhaka, Rahman S. M. Mafizur
Published: February 2025

During the time of the Abbasid Caliphate, numerous small regional dynasties rose to power in the eastern and western regions of Baghdad. In the west, dynasties such as the Idrisid, Aghlabid, Tulunid, Ikhshidid and Hamdanid emerged, while in the east, the Tahirid, Saffarid, Samanid, Ghaznawid, Buwayhid and Saljuq dynasties held sway. One of the noteworthy developments among the minor dynasties was the emergence of the Saffarid dynasty in the Sistan province, located to the east of Baghdad. The rise of petty regional dynasties in the Abbasid Caliphate was often fuelled by provincial governors, army commanders or influential patrons of the Caliphs. However, the founder of the Saffarid dynasty, Yakub ibn al-layth was a simple coppersmith. He managed to seize power in Sistan without any inherent birth advantages or administrative connections to the Abbasid Caliphs. Between 861 and 1003 AD, the Saffarid dynasty saw 9 rulers exerting their influence over the Sistan province, which spans the present-day Iran-Afghanistan border region. On the other hand, the Caliphate of Baghdad saw a total of 15 Caliphs during a specific period. It's intriguing to explore the relationship between the rulers of the Saffarid dynasty and these Caliphs. Equally important is understanding the attitude that the Abbasid Caliphs had towards the rulers of the Saffarid dynasty. This aspect of medieval Muslim history holds a significant interest.
‘দাসিয়ার ছড়া’ ছিটমহলের ইতিবৃত্ত (Chronicles of the 'Dashiar Chora' Enclave)
Authors:   University of Dhaka, Faruk Muhammad Omor , Hussain Amzad ,   Mathabhanga College
Published: February 2025

Before 2015, ‘Dashiar Chhara’ was an Indian enclave. Although officially this enclave was a part of Dinhata sub-division of Cooch Behar district under the West Bengal province of India; in reality the geographical location of this enclave was inside Bangladesh. This enclave was located between the cities of Lalmonirhat and Kurigram district of Bangladesh and on the north-eastern bank of the Dharla River within the Fulbari police station of Kurigram district. Out of 162 interchangeable enclaves between India and Bangladesh, this Dashiar Chhara enclave was full of distinctive features. Its area was much larger than other enclaves and the number of people was relatively high. Therefore, the evolution of this enclave will undoubtedly be regarded as a fascinating chapter for the history savvy reader.
শিনজিয়াং-এর উইঘুর সংকট: প্রেক্ষাপট ও স্বরূপ (The Uyghur Crisis in Xinjiang: Context and Nature)
Authors:   University of Dhaka, Syfullah Md.
Published: February 2025

There have been multiple reports and allegations of inhumane actions perpetrated by the Chinese government against the Uyghur Muslims in the Xinjiang Autonomous Region. These reports and allegations have exposed that Uyghur Muslims have been affected by extensive controls and restrictions, mass illogical arrests and detention, torture, mass surveillance, cultural and religious persecution, family separation, forced labor, sexual violence, violations of reproductive rights and so on. The international community describes China’s treatment to Uyghurs as genocide and crime against humanity. China has committed demographic genocide by forced abortion and sterilization of Uyghur women. China has also committed cultural genocide by Sinicization of religion and culture of the Uyghurs. They have been facing one of the world’s worst human rights abuses in the so called reeducation camps. Around three million Uyghurs have been detained in about five hundred camps in Xinjiang. China continues to carry out forced labour and other discriminatory work policies against them. Chinese Government denies all allegations of crimes against Uyghur Muslims. This paper has been attempted to present the background and actual condition of the Uyghur crisis by describing and analysing the information taken from various sources. In this paper descriptive and analytical methods under qualitative approaches have been followed.
নেপালে বাঙালি মুসলমানদের বসতি: একটি ঐতিহাসিক পর্যালোচনা (Settlement of Bengali Muslims in Nepal: A Historical Perspective)
Authors: Goni Md. Osman
Published: February 2025

The history of Muslim settlement in Nepal is a well-known fact. In 712 AD, the wave of Muhammad bin Qasim's conquest of Indus swept the entire subcontinent. Since then, Sufi saints have arrived in Himalayan Nepal to spread Islam. For business reasons later, many Muslims traveled to Tibet through Nepal to preach Islam. Muslims also infiltrated Nepal through Tibet, south of China. However, the migration of Bengalis to Nepal is a surprising phenomenon. Bengali immigration may have been a factor in the invasion of Nepal by Sultan Shamsuddin Ilyas Shah of undivided Bengal in 1342 AD. Another reason is the good governance of Bengal during the reign of Hossain Shahi Sultans (1492-1538). During the Mughal period, regional migration of subjects was a common phenomenon. Hence, as the religion of Islam expanded during that time, the area of residence of Bengalis also expanded. But what can be determined is that their oppression during the British rule, especially in indigo farming forced the Bengalis to leave the land. The promulgation of the Fifth Act of 1830 left the subjects helpless. In the endless persecution of the Nilkuthials especially: the people of the greater Rajshahi region gradually infiltrated into Nepal. Kashmiris, Newaris, Gorkhas, Pashtuns as well as Bengali Muslims living simultaneously in present day Nepal amazes us. Living in Nepal with special status and rights is a matter of pride for Bengalis. In this research paper, some undisputed issues of immigration and social culture will be presented in the light of history.