bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE MOSDEF SURVEY: AGN MULTI-WAVELENGTH IDENTIFICATION, SELECTION BIASES, AND HOST GALAXY PROPERTIES
Authors: Azadi Mojegan , Coil Alison L. , Aird James , Reddy Naveen , Shapley Alice , Freeman William R. , Kriek Mariska , Leung Gene C. K. , Mobasher Bahram , Price Sedona H. , Sanders Ryan L. , Shivaei Irene , Siana Brian
Published: January 2017

We present results from the MOSFIRE Deep Evolution Field (MOSDEF) survey on the identification, selection biases, and host galaxy properties of 55 X-ray, IR, and optically selected active galactic nuclei (AGNs) at

. We obtain rest-frame optical spectra of galaxies and AGNs and use the BPT diagram to identify optical AGNs. We examine the uniqueness and overlap of the AGNs identified at different wavelengths. There is a strong bias against identifying AGNs at any wavelength in low-mass galaxies, and an additional bias against identifying IR AGNs in the most massive galaxies. AGN hosts span a wide range of star formation rates (SFRs), similar to inactive galaxies once stellar mass selection effects are accounted for. However, we find (at ∼2–3σ significance) that IR AGNs are in less dusty galaxies with relatively higher SFR and optical AGNs in dusty galaxies with relatively lower SFR. X-ray AGN selection does not display a bias with host galaxy SFR. These results are consistent with those from larger studies at lower redshifts. Within star-forming galaxies, once selection biases are accounted for, we find AGNs in galaxies with similar physical properties as inactive galaxies, with no evidence for AGN activity in particular types of galaxies. This is consistent with AGNs being fueled stochastically in any star-forming host galaxy. We do not detect a significant correlation between SFR and AGN luminosity for individual AGN hosts, which may indicate the timescale difference between the growth of galaxies and their supermassive black holes.
THE TIP OF THE RED GIANT BRANCH DISTANCES TO TYPE IA SUPERNOVA HOST GALAXIES. IV. COLOR DEPENDENCE AND ZERO-POINT CALIBRATION
Authors: Jang In Sung , Lee Myung Gyoon
Published: January 2017

We present a revised Tip of the Red Giant Branch (TRGB) calibration, accurate to 2.7% of distance. A modified TRGB magnitude corrected for its color dependence, the QT magnitude, is introduced for better measurement of the TRGB. We determine the color–magnitude relation of the TRGB from photometry of deep images of HST/ACS fields around eight nearby galaxies. The zero-point of the TRGB at the fiducial metallicity ([Fe/H] = −1.6 (

)) is obtained from photometry of two distance anchors, NGC 4258 (M106) and the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), to which precise geometric distances are known: M
QT,TRGB = −4.023 ± 0.073 mag from NGC 4258 and M
QT,TRGB = −4.004 ± 0.096 mag from the LMC. A weighted mean of the two zero-points is M
QT,TRGB = −4.016 ± 0.058 mag. Quoted uncertainty is ∼2× smaller than those of previous calibrations. We compare the empirical TRGB calibration derived in this study with theoretical stellar models, finding that there are significant discrepancies, especially for red color (

). We provide the revised TRGB calibration in several magnitude systems for future studies.
Association between ABO and Rh Blood Groups and Risk of Preeclampsia: A Case-Control Study from Iran
Authors: Aghasadeghi Firoozeh , Saadat Mostafa
Published: January 2017

AIM: Preeclampsia (PE) is a major cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. There is a genetic component in the development of PE with estimated heritability around 0.47. Several studies have investigated the association between maternal ABO blood groups (OMIM: 110300) and risk of PE, with contradictory results have emerged. Considering that there is no study in this filed from Iranian population, the present case-control study was carried out at Shiraz (south-west Iran).MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this study 331 women; 121 pregnant with PE and 210 normotensive pregnant women were included. Using blood group O (for ABO blood groups) or Rh+ (for Rh blood groups) as a reference, odds ratios (ORs) and its 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of PE risk were estimated from logistic regression analysis.RESULTS: Although the A (OR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.39-1.17, P = 0.165), B (OR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.48-1.53, P = 0.615) and AB (OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 0.37-3.45, P = 0.812) phenotypes showed lower risks compared with the O blood group, statistical analysis indicated that there was no significant association between ABO phenotypes and risk of PE. The frequency of Rh- phenotype was higher among PE patients compared with the control group. However, the association was not significant (OR = 1.79, 95% CI = 0.69-4.65, P = 0.229). Adjusted ORs for age of participants and parity did not change the above-mentioned associations.CONCLUSION: Our present findings indicate that there is no association between ABO and Rh blood groups and risk of PE in Iranian population.
Detailed Analysis of the Articular Domain in Patients with Primary Sjögren Syndrome
Authors: Moerman Rada V. , Arends Suzanne , Meiners Petra M. , Vissink Arjan , Spijkervet Frederik K.L. , Kroese Frans G.M. , Brouwer Elisabeth , Bootsma Hendrika
Published: January 2017

Objective.

We used the 28-joint Disease Activity Score (DAS28) and the European League Against Rheumatism Sjögren’s Syndrome Disease Activity Index (ESSDAI) articular domain to assess the effect of rituximab (RTX) and abatacept (ABA) on articular involvement in primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS).

Methods.

Patients with pSS treated with RTX (n = 18) or ABA (n = 13) and having a DAS28 erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)/C-reactive protein (CRP) level ≥ 3.2 at baseline were selected. Generalized estimating equations were used to analyze the DAS28 and ESSDAI articular domain over time.

Results.

In the RTX group, DAS28-ESR/CRP decreased significantly up to 48 weeks. In the ABA group, DAS28-ESR/CRP decreased significantly up to 24 weeks. DAS28 correlated significantly with ESSDAI articular domain.

Conclusion.

DAS28 is useful to evaluate the effect of biologicals on articular involvement in patients with pSS.
Cardiopulmonary Disease Development in Anti-RNA Polymerase III-positive Systemic Sclerosis: Comparative Analyses from an Unselected, Prospective Patient Cohort
Authors: Hoffmann-Vold Anna-Maria , Midtvedt Øyvind , Tennøe Anders H. , Garen Torhild , Lund May Brit , Aaløkken Trond M. , Andreassen Arne K. , Elhage Fadi , Brunborg Cathrine , Taraldsrud Eli , Molberg Øyvind
Published: January 2017

Objective.

Extensive skin disease and renal crisis are hallmarks of anti-RNA polymerase III (RNAP)-positive systemic sclerosis (SSc), while lung and heart involvement data are conflicting. Here, the aims were to perform time-course analyses of interstitial lung disease (ILD) and pulmonary hypertension (PH) in the RNAP subset of a prospective unselected SSc cohort and to use the other autoantibody subsets as comparators.

Methods.

The study cohort included 279 patients with SSc from the observational Oslo University Hospital cohort with complete data on (1) SSc-related autoantibodies, (2) paired, serial analyses of lung function and fibrosis by computed tomography, and (3) PH verified by right heart catheterization.

Results.

RNAP was positive in 33 patients (12%), 79% of which had diffuse cutaneous SSc. Pulmonary findings were heterogeneous; 49% had no signs of fibrosis while 18% had > 20% fibrosis at followup. Forced vital capacity at followup was < 80% in 39% of the RNAP subset, comparable to the antitopoisomerase subset (ATA; 47%), but higher than anticentromere (ACA; 13%). Accumulated frequency of PH in the RNAP subset (12%) was lower than in ACA (18%). At 93% and 78%, the 5- and 10-year survival rates in RNAP were comparable to the ATA and ACA subsets.

Conclusion.

In this cohort, the RNAP subset was marked by cardiopulmonary heterogeneity, ranging from mild ILD to development of severe ILD in 18%, and PH development in 12%. These data indicate that cardiopulmonary risk stratification early in the disease course is particularly important in RNAP-positive SSc.
A Retrospective Chart Review of Two Different Insulin Administration Systems on Glycemic Control in Older Adults in Long-Term Care
Authors: Boonin Alan , Balinski Brenda , Sauter Jerry , Martinez Joe , Abbott Scott
Published: January 2017

The current retrospective chart review compared glycemic control and cost impact of two insulin administration systems, V-Go
®
versus usual care with standard of care (SOC) insulin injections, in eight patients residing in a nursing home (NH). A total of 1,937 blood glucose (BG) values were collected over 61 days. Significant improvements were observed for the V-Go versus SOC group in time in range 100 mg/dL to 200 mg/dL (V-Go 59.09% vs. SOC 34.02%;
p
< 0.001), reduced BG fluctuations as measured by standard deviation (V-Go 61.2 vs. SOC 92.1;
p
< 0.001), and improved mean daily BG (V-Go 159.38 mg/dL vs. SOC 223.86 mg/dL;
p
< 0.001). The estimated A1c change, calculated from BG values, decreased from 8.9% to 7.2% in the V-Go group and increased from 9.0% to 9.4% in the SOC group. Compared to SOC, use of V-Go decreased the mean time for insulin administration by nursing staff by 26.3 minutes per patient per day and associated labor costs by $328.75 per patient per month. Insulin administration with V-Go may improve glycemic control and reduce administration costs compared to existing care in the NH setting. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 43
(1), 10–16.]
Aquí vienen las novias: leyendo las pinturas neolíticas de Uan Derbuaen (Tasili n’Ajer, Argelia)
Authors: Holl Augustin F. C.
Published: January 2017

La cordillera montañosa del Tasili n’Ajer es bien conocida por su fenomenal riqueza en abrigos y cuevas pintados. Generaciones de investigadores han prospectado, cartografiado, dibujado y discutido diferentes facetas de estas pinturas del Tasili. La diversidad y versatilidad de las tradiciones pictóricas del Tasili hace difícil cualquier intento de generalización directa ya sea estilística o temática. Cada estación pintada parece ser única y expresiva de sugerencias propias que deben ser estudiadas extensa y sistemáticamente. En el enfoque esbozado en este artículo, un enfoque iconográfico, las pinturas son consideradas como series complejas de “artefactos” organizados por las mentes creativas de los artistas reales. ¿Cómo desarrollaban sus habilidades esos artistas? ¿Qué elementos icónicos escogieron para la representación y por qué? ¿Cómo y por qué esos elementos seleccionados se organizaron y combinaron? La nueva lectura de las pinturas de Uan Derbuaen permite sugerir una puesta en escena y una gran representación de los arreglos matrimoniales, el viaje final de las novias.
The chronology and duration of the prehistoric ditched enclosures: the case of Marroquíes Bajos (Jaén)
Authors: Aranda Jiménez Gonzalo , Lozano Medina Águeda , Escudero Carrillo Javier , Sánchez Romero Margarita , Alarcón García Eva , Fernández Martín Sergio , Díaz-Zorita Bonilla Marta , Barba Colmenero Vicente
Published: January 2017

The time spans of the so-called ditched enclosures are key to a better understanding of a type of site characterised by complex palimpsests. Several conclusions can be drawn from the 16 radiocarbon dates obtained from Ditch 4 at Marroquíes Bajos. According to Bayesian modelling, the filling process began in 2510-2310 cal BC at 2 σ and ended in 2115-1795 cal BC at 2 σ, making them the most recent ditched enclosure with depositional activity in Iberia. Comparison with the dating from other sections of Ditch 4 challenges the traditional assumption that radiocarbon samples obtained from deposits at the bottom of the ditch provide the best dates for its construction. The process by which different sections of the same Ditch 4 were filled at different times suggests that its general outline is more the result of an aggregation of segments than of a single build-up.
La Menorca talayótica desde el punto de vista genético: la necrópolis de la Cova des Pas
Authors: Simón Marc , Armentano Núria , Afonso Cristina , Malgosa Assumpció
Published: January 2017

En el presente artículo se estudian las características genéticas de la población del yacimiento talayótico de la Cova des Pas, que revelan una importante endogamia a nivel de ADN mitocondrial. La comparación con otras series contemporáneas de las Islas Baleares permite hipotetizar la existencia de grupos cerrados, con limitados linajes femeninos y necrópolis de difícil acceso, como esta. Tales comunidades contrastarían con otras más abiertas con un mayor intercambio de linajes femeninos situados en las zonas llanas centrales de Menorca.
ESCOAMENTO SUPERFICIAL E PERDAS DE SOLOS POR EROSÃO HÍDRICA EM UMA TOPOSSEQUÊNCIA SOBRE O ARENITO CAIUÁ NO NOROESTE DO ESTADO DO PARANÁ
Authors: Cunha José Edézio , Nóbrega Maria Teresa de , Castro Selma Simões de , Guimarães Maria De Fátima
Published: January 2017

O conhecimento do comportamento hídrico nas coberturas pedológicas é importante para os estudos de prevenção e contenção dos processos erosivos. Visando contribuir com esta discussão, o presente trabalho foi realizado em uma vertente constituída por sistema pedológico Latossolo Vermelho eutrófico - Argissolo Vermelho eutrófico, oriundos do arenito Caiuá, no município de Cidade Gaúcha, Noroeste do Estado do Paraná. O objetivo deste trabalho foi a mensuração da infiltração, do escoamento superficial e das perdas de solos por erosão, através de chuva simulada. Após abordagem morfológica detalhada do sistema pedológico, realizaram-se ensaios de chuva simulada na superfície da cobertura latossólica, no topo da vertente (3% declividade), e sobre o Argissolo, na baixa vertente (9% de declividade). No início da chuva, quando os solos estavam secos, a água precipitada foi totalmente infiltrada, ou seja, não ocorrendo escoamento superficial, mas a partir de um determinado tempo de chuva a taxa de infiltração foi reduzida, dando origem ao escoamento superficial. O escoamento superficial se iniciou mais cedo e foi mais volumoso sobre o Latossolo, mas as perdas de solo foram superiores no Argissolo. Características morfológicas e físicas do horizonte superficial, além da declividade e posição na vertente, influenciaram esses resultados.
PRODUÇÃO DO ESPAÇO E LEGISLAÇÃO URBANÍSTICA EM UMA PEQUENA CIDADE METROPOLITANA: HOLAMBRA-SP
Authors: Otero Estevam Vanale , Eltink Yessika
Published: January 2017

O estudo em tela tem por objetivo analisar o desenvolvimento urbano contemporâneo de um pequeno município integrante da Região Metropolitana de Campinas. O município de Holambra, atualmente com cerca de 12 mil habitantes, tem seu desenvolvimento condicionado a partir de sua inserção nas dinâmicas socioeconômicas e urbanísticas metropolitanas. Esse processo impõe demandas, limites e constrangimentos específicos à capacidade do município em regular e ordenar a produção do espaço urbano em seu território, os quais serão objeto de análise ao longo do artigo.
Effects of an Interprofessional Project on Students' Perspectives on Interprofessional Education and Knowledge of Health Disciplines
Authors: Jutte Lisa S. , Browne Fredrick R. , Reynolds Marie
Published: January 2017

Context: Interprofessional education (IPE) is encouraged in health care education in the hope that it will improve communication among future health care professionals. In response, health professional education programs are developing IPE curricula.

Objective: To determine if a multicourse interprofessional (IP) project impacted students' knowledge and views on other health care professions, as well as their attitudes toward IPE.

Design: Cross-sectional survey.

Setting: Four university classrooms.

Patients or Other Participants: Eighty-one undergraduate students (32 men, 49 women) from 4 introductory courses (2 athletic training sections, 41 students; 1 health administration section, 19 students; and 1 nursing section, 21 students) participated in 2 surveys and an IP project.

Main Outcome Measure(s): Participants completed a modified Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scale (RIPLS) questionnaire. The faculty assigned students to an IP group with representation from each discipline. Groups were instructed to produce a presentation on an assigned health care profession. After completing the project, students completed the same modified RIPLS questionnaire. Means and frequency were calculated. Quantitative data were analyzed with analysis of variance followed by Tukey post hoc testing when appropriate.

Results: After the IP project, students from all disciplines reported an increased knowledge regarding nursing, health administration, athletic training, and other health care professions in general and how their discipline differed from other health care disciplines. All students agreed that they should practice communication with other health care disciplines. Other perceptions related to IPE did not change.

Conclusions: Undergraduate athletic training, health administration, and nursing students who completed an IP project reportedly increased their knowledge of health care disciplines and increased their appreciation for practicing communication among health care disciplines. Future studies should assess how increasing basic knowledge of health care professions may impact the integration of advanced IPE concepts later in one's professional education.
Dacron graft aneurysm with dissection
Authors: Ali Asik Ali Mohamed , Sharma Praveen , Rege Rujuta N , Rajesh Saveetha , Nadhamuni Kulasekaran
Published: January 2017

Dacron grafts have been used as a conduit for large caliber arteries for many years successfully. However, these grafts can undergo complications such as aneurysm formation, rupture, and failure. Evaluation of these complications are of paramount importance because of its tendency to rupture and cause death. Imaging plays an important role in identifying and monitoring of these complications, and also provides a road map to the vascular surgeons for early intervention and revascularization.
Enlarged parathyroid glands with variable sonomorphology in a case of tertiary hyperparathyroidism: Sonographic-histopathologic correlation
Authors: Aswani Yashant , Dhume Varsha , Varma Ravi , Saifi Shenaz
Published: January 2017

The typical sonomorphology of homogeneously hypoechoic texture of an enlarged parathyroid gland (PG) is a reflection of uniform arrangement of the parathormone-producing chief cells. A variable cellular arrangement, hemorrhage, fibrosis, and adipocytes cause heterogeneous appearance. We describe a case of a 32-year-old male, a case of tertiary hyperparathyroidism, with increased serum parathormone levels, hypercalcemia, and enlargement of all four PGs, albeit with differing morphology. The left lower gland had two nodules, namely, superior and inferior. The inferior nodule of the left lower gland had an echogenic core surrounded by a sonolucent rim whereas the superior nodule was homogenously hyoechoic. The left upper gland had an echopattern exactly reverse of the inferior nodule of the left lower PG, i.e., hypoechoic gland surrounded by hyperechoic periphery. The appearance of the right-sided glands was that of the superior nodule of the left lower PG. On histopathology, the hypoechoic areas corresponded to numerous chief cells and congested vessels whereas edema gave rise to an increase in echogenicity. This report exemplifies atypical sonographic appearances of PG and their histopathologic correlation.
Percutaneous removal of impacted double J stent in a transplant kidney
Authors: Kumar Rahul , Das Chandan J , Seenu Vathulru , Seth Amlesh
Published: January 2017

Prophylactic double J (DJ) stent insertion has been adopted as a routine procedure in renal transplant patients for internal urinary diversion and for protecting ureteroneocystostomy anastomosis. The timely and early removal of stent has been proved to reduce the occurrence of stent-associated complications such as migration, encrustation, and infection. The most commonly used procedure of stent removal via retrograde cystoscopic approach can sometimes be technically very difficult leaving antegrade approach as another alternative to open surgery as the last resort. Here, we describe a case of antegradely removed impacted DJ stent by pushing it free into the urinary bladder followed by cystoscopic removal.
Oncocytic variant of poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma: “Is diagnosis possible by fine-needle aspiration?”
Authors: Onenerk Mine , Canberk Sule , Gunes Pembegul , Erkan Murat , Kilicoglu Gamze Z.
Published: January 2017

Poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC) is a very rare entity, and the diagnosis can be made on histopathology specimens. However, recognition of characteristic features of PDTC is significant on fine-needle aspirations (FNAs) to differentiate this entity from well-differentiated and anaplastic thyroid carcinomas. Here, we present an FNA case concordant with “oncocytic variant of PDTC” and discuss whether definitive diagnosis can be given on FNAs to assess the prognosis in clinically inoperable patients.
Objetos y métodos dominantes en comunicación para el desarrollo y el cambio social en las Tesis y Proyectos de Investigación en España (2007-2013)
Authors: Barranquero Carretero Alejandro , Limón Serrano Nieves
Published: January 2017

Tomando como punto de partida el incipiente interés que ha adquirido la comunicación para el desarrollo y el cambio social (CDCS) en España, el objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar el estado actual de la investigación en el campo a partir de un análisis de contenido de las tesis doctorales y proyectos de investigación I+D desarrollados entre 2007 y 2013 en las 56 Universidades públicas y privadas que ofrecen titulaciones en comunicación. Metodología y Discusión: Tras definir la disciplina y delimitar sus fronteras teóricas, se describen las principales categorías de análisis, que profundizan tanto en dimensiones identificativas -autoría, universidad de adscripción, año de publicación, etc.-, como en rasgos relativos a los objetos, perspectivas y métodos de investigación dominantes. Resultados y conclusiones: Los resultados apuntan a la progresiva consolidación de un área de estudio cuya diversidad temática está relacionada con hitos de la historia reciente y con cierta influencia del pensamiento latinoamericano en la materia.
Decadal-scale relationship between measurements of aerosols, land-use change, and fire over Southeast Asia
Authors: Cohen Jason Blake , Lecoeur Eve , Hui Loong Ng Daniel
Published: January 2017

Abstract. A simultaneous analysis of 13 years of remotely sensed data of land cover, fires, precipitation, and aerosols from the MODIS, TRMM, and MISR satellites and the AERONET network over Southeast Asia is performed, leading to a set of robust relationships between land-use change and fire being found on inter-annual and intra-annual scales over Southeast Asia, reflecting the heavy amounts of anthropogenic influence over land-use change and fires in this region of the world. First, we find that fires occur annually, but with a considerable amount of variance in their onset, duration, and intensity from year to year, and from two separate regions within Southeast Asia. Second, we show that a simple regression model of the land-cover, fire, and precipitation data can be used to recreate a robust representation of the timing and magnitude of measured aerosol optical depth (AOD) from multiple measurements sources of this region using either 8-day (better for onset and duration) or monthly (better for magnitude) measurements, but not daily measurements. We find that the reconstructed AOD matches the timing and intensity from AERONET measurements to within 70 to 90 % and the timing and intensity of MISR measurements to within 50 to 95 %. This is a unique finding in this part of the world since cloud-covered regions are large, yet the model is still robustly capable, including over regions where no fires are observed and hence no emissions would be expected to contribute to AOD. Third, we determine that while Southeast Asia is a source region of such intense smoke emissions, portions of it are also impacted by smoke transported from other regions. There are regions in northern Southeast Asia which have two annual AOD peaks, one during the local fire season and the other, smaller peak corresponding to a combination of some local smoke sources as well as transport of aerosols from fires in southern Southeast Asia and possibly even from anthropogenic sources in South Asia. Overall, this study highlights the importance of taking into account a simultaneous use of land-use, fire, and precipitation for understanding the impacts of fires on the atmospheric loading and distribution of aerosols in Southeast Asia over both space and time. Furthermore, it highlights that there are significant advantages of using 8-day and monthly average values (instead of daily data) in order to better quantify the magnitude and timing of Southeast Asia fires.
Real-Time Aerosol Optical Properties, Morphology and Mixing
States under Clear, Haze and Fog Episodes in the Summer of Urban
Beijing
Authors: Li Rui , Hu Yunjie , Li Ling , Fu Hongbo , Chen Jianmin
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Characteristics of aerosol optical properties, morphologies and their relationship were studied in urban Beijing during the clear, haze and fog episodes, sampled from 24th May to 22nd Jun, 2012. Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), a Cavity Ring Down Spectrometer (CRDS), a nephelometer and an aethalometer were employed to investigate the corresponding changes of the aerosol properties. Five episodes were categorised according to the meteorological conditions, composition and optical variation. Results show the clear episode (EP-2 and EP-4) featured as the low light extinction with less pollutants, which are mostly externally mixed. Coarse particles were scarcely observed in EP-2 due to the washout of a previous heavy rain. Thus the size distribution in EP-2 was smaller than EP-4, which had some mineral particles introduced from the north. In contrast, industry-induced haze (EP-1) and biomass burning-induced haze (EP-5) were both impacted by the south air mass. Higher AOD (Aerosol Optical Depth) values illustrated heavy loading particle concentrations. Due to the collision, size of most particles was larger with the diameter of 1 μm, resulting in a higher scattering coefficient. However, as the influence of severe crop residue combustion, a large fraction of soot was detected, which sticks to the KCl transformed sulphate or nitrate particles. The light absorption enhancement was contributed by both Black Carbon (BC) acceleration and other light absorbing substances. Comparatively, soot fog period detected in EP-3 was mostly internally mixed with sulphates and nitrates, which revealed themselves after electron exposure. The larger size distribution was likely to be caused by both hygroscopic growth and collision. More internally mixed particles were observed, which favored the light absorption. The comparison of all the episodes provides a deeper insight of how mixing states influence the aerosol extinction properties and also a clue to the air pollution control in the crop burning seasons.
Limited protection of macro-aggregate occluded organic carbon in
Siberian steppe soils
Authors: Bischoff Norbert , Mikutta Robert , Shibistova Olga , Puzanov Alexander , Silanteva Marina , Grebennikova Anna , Fuß Roland , Guggenberger Georg
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Macro-aggregates especially in agricultural steppe soils are supposed to play a vital role for soil organic carbon (OC) stabilization at a decadal time scale. While most research on soil OC stabilization in steppes focused on North American prairie soils of the Great Plains with information mainly provided by short-term incubation experiments, little is known about the agricultural steppes in south-western Siberia, though they belong to the greatest conversion areas in the world and occupy an area larger than that in the Great Plains. To quantify the proportion of macro-aggregate protected OC under different land-use and as function of land-use duration and intensity in Siberian steppe soils, we determined OC mineralization rates of intact (25–2000 µm) and crushed (
Revisiting the Ceara Rise, equatorial Atlantic Ocean: isotope
stratigraphy of ODP Leg 154
Authors: Wilkens Roy , Westerhold Thomas , Drury Anna Joy , Lyle Mitchell , Gorgas Thomas , Tian Jun
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Isotope stratigraphy has become the method of choice for investigating both past ocean temperatures and global ice volume. Lisiecki and Raymo (2005) published a stacked record of 57 globally distributed benthic δ18O records versus age (LR04 stack). In this study LR04 is compared to high resolution records collected at all of the sites drilled during ODP Leg 154 on the Ceara Rise, in the western equatorial Atlantic Ocean. Newly developed software is used to check data splices of the Ceara sites and better align out-of-splice data with in-splice data. Core images recovered from core table photos are depth and age scaled and greatly assist in the data analysis. The entire splices of ODP Sites 925, 926, 927, 928 and 929 were reviewed. Most changes were minor although several were large enough to affect age models based on orbital tuning. A Ceara Rise composite record of benthic δ18O is out of sync with LR04 between 1.80 and 1.90 Ma, where LR04 exhibits 2 maxima but where Ceara Rise contains only 1. The interval between 4.0 and 4.5 Ma in the Ceara Rise compilation is decidedly different from LR04, reflecting both the low amplitude of the signal over this interval and the limited amount of data available for the LR04 stack. A regional difference in benthic δ18O of 0.2 ‰ relative to LR04 was found. Independent tuning of Site 926 images and physical property data to the Laskar et al. 2004 orbital solution and integration of available benthic stable isotope data from the Ceara Rise provides a new regional reference section for the equatorial Atlantic covering the last 5 million years
An improved land biosphere module for use in reduced complexity
Earth System Models with application to the last glacial termination
Authors: Eichinger Roland , Shaffer Gary , Albarrán Nelson , Rojas Maisa , Lambert Fabrice
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Interactions between the land biosphere and the atmosphere play an important role for the Earth's carbon cycle and thus should be considered in studies of global carbon cycling and climate. Simple approaches are a useful first step in this direction but may not be applicable for certain climatic conditions. To improve the ability of the reduced-complexity Danish Center for Earth System Science (DCESS) Earth System Model DCESS to address cold climate conditions, we reformulated the model's land biosphere module by extending it to include three dynamically varying vegetation zones as well as a permafrost component. The vegetation zones are formulated by emulating the behavior of a complex land biosphere model. We show that with the new module, the size and timing of carbon exchanges between atmosphere and land are represented more realistically in cooling and warming experiments. In particular, we use the new module to address carbon cycling and climate change across the last glacial transition. Within the constraints provided by various proxy data records, we tune the DCESS model to a Last Glacial Maximum state and then conduct transient sensitivity experiments across the transition under the application of explicit transition functions for high latitude ocean exchange, atmospheric dust, and the land ice sheet extent. We compare simulated time evolutions of global mean temperature, pCO2, atmospheric and oceanic carbon isotopes as well as ocean dissolved oxygen concentrations with proxy data records. In this way we estimate the importance of different processes across the transition with emphasis on the role of land biosphere variations.
Evaporation from Savanna and Agriculture in Semi-Arid West Africa
Authors: Ceperley Natalie C. , Mande Theophile , van de Giesen Nick , Tyler Scott , Yacouba Hamma , Parlange Marc B.
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Rain-fed farming is the primary livelihood of semi-arid West Africa. Changes in land cover have the potential to affect precipitation, the critical resource for production. Turbulent flux measurements from two eddy-covariance towers and additional observations from a dense network of small, wireless meteorological stations combine to relate land cover (savanna forest and agriculture) to evaporation in a small (3.5 km2) catchment in Burkina Faso, West Africa. We observe larger sensible and latent heat fluxes over the savanna-forest in the headwater area relative to the agricultural section of the watershed. Fluxes above the savanna-forest are higher because of the greater number of exposed rocks and trees and the higher productivity of the forest compared to rainfed, hand-farmed agricultural fields. We deduce that there is a higher soil heat flux in the fields. Vegetation cover and soil moisture are found to be the primary controls of the evaporative fraction, defined as the latent heat over the available energy. Satellite derived vegetation index (NDVI) and soil moisture are determined to be good predictors of evaporative fraction. Our measurements provide an estimator that can be used to estimate evaporative fraction when only NDVI is available. Such large-scale estimates of evaporative fraction from remotely sensed data are valuable where ground-based measurements are lacking, which is the case across the African continent and many other semi-arid areas. Evaporative fraction estimates can be combined, for example, with sensible heat from measurements of temperature variance, to provide an estimate of evaporation when only minimal meteorological measurements are available in remote regions of the world. These findings reinforce local cultural beliefs of the importance of forest fragments for climate regulation and may provide support to local decision makers and rural farmers in the maintenance of the forest areas.
Regional-scale brine migration along vertical pathways due to CO2
injection – Part 1: the participatory modeling approach
Authors: Scheer Dirk , Konrad Wilfried , Class Holger , Kissinger Alexander , Knopf Stefan , Noack Vera
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Saltwater intrusion into potential drinking water aquifers due to the injection of CO2 into deep saline aquifers is one of the hazards associated with the geological storage of CO2. Thus, in a site-specific risk assessment, models for predicting the fate of the displaced brine are required. From the very beginning, this research on brine migration, has been aimed at involving expert and stakeholder knowledge in simulating the impacts of injecting CO2 into deep saline aquifers by means of a participatory modeling process. The involvement exercise made use of two approaches. First, guideline-based interviews were carried out aimed at eliciting expert and stakeholder knowledge and assessments on geological structures and mechanisms affecting CO2 induced brine migration. Second, a stakeholder workshop, including the world café format, was used to evoke evaluations and judgments on the modeling approach, on scenario selection, and on preliminary simulation results. The participatory modeling approach gained several results covering brine migration in general, the geological model sketch, scenario development, and the review of the preliminary simulation results.
The evolution of process-based hydrologic models: Historical challenges and the
collective quest for physical realism
Authors: Clark Martyn P. , Bierkens Marc F. P. , Samaniego Luis , Woods Ross A. , Uijenhoet Remko , Bennet Katrina E. , Pauwels Valentijn R. N. , Cai Xitian , Wood Andrew W. , Peters-Lidard Christa D.
Published: January 2017

Abstract. The diversity in hydrologic models has historically led to great controversy on the “correct” approach to process-based hydrologic modeling, with debates centered on the adequacy of process parameterizations, data limitations and uncertainty, and computational constraints on model analysis. In this paper we revisit key modeling challenges, outlined by Freeze and Harlan nearly 50 years ago, on requirements to (1) define suitable model equations, (2) define adequate model parameters, and (3) cope with limitations in computing power. We outline the historical modeling challenges, summarize modeling advances that address these challenges, and define outstanding research needs. We illustrate how modeling advances have been made by groups using models of different type and complexity, and we argue for the need to more effectively use our diversity of modeling approaches in order to advance our collective quest for physically realistic hydrologic models.
Calibration of a large-scale hydrological model using satellite-based soil moisture and evapotranspiration products
Authors: Lopez Lopez Patricia , Sutanudjaja Edwin , Schellekens Jaap , Sterk Geert , Bierkens Marc
Published: January 2017

Abstract. A considerable number of river basins around the world lack sufficient ground observations of hydro-meteorological data for effective water resources assessment and management. Several approaches can be developed to increase the quality and availability of data in these poorly gauged or ungauged river basins, and among those, the use of earth observations products has recently become promising. Earth observations of various environmental variables can be used potentially to increase the knowledge about the hydrological processes in the basin and to improve streamflow model estimates, via assimilation or calibration. The present study aims to calibrate the large-scale hydrological model PCR-GLOBWB using satellite-based products of evapotranspiration and soil moisture for the Moroccan Oum Er Rbia basin. Daily simulations at a spatial resolution of 5 arcmin × 5 arcmin are performed with varying parameters values for the 32-year period 1979–2010. Five different calibration scenarios are inter-compared: (i) reference scenario using the hydrological model with the standard parameterization, (ii) calibration using in-situ observed discharge time series, (iii) calibration using GLEAM actual evapotranspiration time series, (iv) calibration using ESA CCI surface soil moisture time series and (v) step-wise calibration using GLEAM actual evapotranspiration and ESA CCI surface soil moisture time series. The impact on discharge estimates of precipitation in comparison with model parameters calibration is investigated using three global precipitation products, including EI, WFDEI and MSWEP. Results show that GLEAM evapotranspiration and ESA CCI soil moisture may be used for model calibration resulting in reasonable discharge estimates (NSE values from 0.5 to 0.75), although better model performance is achieved when the model is calibrated with in-situ streamflow observations. Independent calibration based on only evapotranspiration or soil moisture observations improves model predictions to a lesser extent. Precipitation input affects to discharge estimates more than calibrating model parameters. The use of WFDEI precipitation leads to the lowest model performances. Apart from the in-situ discharge calibration scenario, the highest discharge improvement is obtained when EI and MSWEP precipitation products are used in combination with a step-wise calibration approach based on evapotranspiration and soil moisture observations. This study opens up the possibility to use globally available earth observations and reanalysis products of precipitation, evapotranspiration and soil moisture into large-scale hydrological models to estimate discharge at a river basin scale.
Parameter sensitivity analysis of a 1-D cold region lake model for
land-surface schemes
Authors: Guerrero José-Luis , Pernica Patricia , Weather Howard , Mackay Murray , Spence Chris
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Lakes might be sentinels of climate change, but the uncertainty in their main feedback to the atmosphere – heat-exchange fluxes – is often not considered within climate models. Additionally, these fluxes are seldom measured, hindering critical evaluation of model output. Analysis of the Canadian Small Lake Model (CSLM), a one-dimensional integral lake model, was performed to assess its ability to reproduce diurnal and seasonal variations in heat fluxes and the sensitivity of simulated fluxes to changes in model parameters, i.e. turbulent transport parameters and the light extinction coefficient (Kd). A recently developed software package, Problem Solving environment for Uncertainty Analysis and Design Exploration (PSUADE), was used to perform Sensitivity Analysis (SA) and identify the parameters that dominate model behavior. The Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE) was applied to quantify the fluxes' uncertainty, comparing daily-averaged eddy covariance observations to the output of CSLM. Seven qualitative and two quantitative SA methods were tested and the posterior likelihoods of the modeled parameters, obtained from the GLUE analysis, were used to determine the dominant parameters and the uncertainty in the modeled fluxes. Despite the ubiquity of the equifinality issue – different parameter-values combinations yielding equivalent results – the answer to the question was unequivocal: Kd, a measure of how much light penetrates the lake, dominates sensible and latent heat fluxes and the uncertainty their estimates is strongly related to the accuracy with which Kd is determined. This is important since Kd is seldom measured and accurate estimates of its value could reduce modeling uncertainty.
Assessing qualitative long-term volcanic hazard at Lanzarote Island (Canary Islands)
Authors: Becerril Laura , Martí Joan , Bartolini Stefania , Geyer Adelina
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Conducting long-term hazard assessment in active volcanic areas is of primordial importance for land planning and to define emergency plans able to be applied in case of a crisis. Definition of scenario hazard maps helps to mitigate the consequences of future eruptions by anticipating to the events that may occur. Lanzarote is an active volcanic island that has hosted the largest (> 1.5 km3 DRE) and longest (6 years) eruption, the Timanfaya eruption, on the Canary Islands in historical times (last 600 years). This eruption brought severe economic losses and forced local people to migrate. In spite of all these facts, no comprehensive hazard assessment neither hazard maps have been developed for the island. In this work, we present an integrated long-term volcanic hazard evaluation using a systematic methodology that includes spatial analysis and simulations of the most probable expected eruptive scenarios.
Performance evaluation of the national Norwegian early warning system for weather
induced landslides
Authors: Piciullo Luca , Dahl Mads-Peter , Devoli Graziella , Colleuille Hervé , Calvello Michele
Published: January 2017

Abstract. The Norwegian national landslide early warning system (LEWS), operational since 2013, is managed by the Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate and has been designed for monitoring and forecasting the hydro-meteorological conditions potentially triggering slope failures. Decision-making in the EWS is based upon hazard threshold levels, hydro-meteorological and real-time landslide observations as well as on landslide inventory and susceptibility maps. In the development phase of the EWS, hazard threshold levels have been obtained through statistical analyses of historical landslides and modelled hydro-meteorological parameters. Daily hydro-meteorological conditions such as rainfall, snowmelt, runoff, soil saturation, groundwater level and frost depth have been derived from a distributed version of the hydrological HBV-model. Two different landslide susceptibility maps are used as supportive data in deciding daily warning levels. Daily alerts are issued throughout the country considering variable warning zones. Warnings are issued once per day for the following 3 days with the possibility to update them according to the information gathered by the monitoring network. The performance of the LEWS operational in Norway has been evaluated applying the EDuMaP method, which is based on the computation of a duration matrix relating landslide and warning events. This method has been principally employed to analyse the performance of regional early warning model considering fixed warning zones for issuing alerts. The original approach proposed herein allows the computation of the elements of the duration matrix in the case of early warning models issuing alerts on variable warning zones. The approach has been used to evaluate the warnings issued in Western Norway, in the period 2013–2014, considering two datasets of landslides. The results indicate that the landslide datasets do not significantly influence the performance evaluation, although a slightly better performance is registered for the smallest and more accurate dataset. Different performance results are observed as a function of the values adopted for one of the most important input parameters of EDuMaP, the landslide density criterion (i.e. setting the thresholds to differentiate among classes of landslide events). To investigate this issue, a parametric analysis has been conducted; the results of the analysis show significant differences among computed performances when absolute or relative landslide density criteria are considered.
Soil erosion evolution and spatial correlation analysis in a typical karst geomorphology, using RUSLE with GIS
Authors: Zeng Cheng , Wang Shijie , Bai Xiaoyong , Li Yangbing , Tian Yichao , Li Yue , Wu Luhua , Luo Guangjie
Published: January 2017

Abstract. In spite of previous studies on soil erosion in Karst landform, limited data are available regarding the spatial and temporal evolution and the correlation of spatial elements of soil erosion in Karst. The lack of this study leads to misassessment of environmental effects on the region especially in the mountainous area of Wuling in China. Soil erosion and rocky desertification in this area influence the survival and development of 0.22 billion people. For this reason, the typical Karst area in South China is the object of this study. This paper aims to analyze the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of soil erosion and investigate the relationship between soil erosion and rocky desertification by using GIS technology and modified universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) model to reveal the relationship between soil erosion and major natural elements in this area. (1) In 2000–2013, the proportion of the area of micro- and slight erosion increases, whereas the proportion of the area of moderate erosion and above decreases. Erosion of moderate and above levels changes into micro- and slight erosion. (2) The soil erosion area in slope zones at 15°–35° accounts for 60.59 % of the total erosion area and 40.44 % of total erosion. (3) The amplitude reduction in the annual erosion rate is higher in the Karst area than that in the non-Karst area. Soil erosion in different outcrop areas of rock generally shows an improving trend, but the dynamic changes in soil erosion significantly differ among various lithological distribution belts. (4) The soil erosion rate of rocky desertification area with moderate and below levels of erosion decreases, whereas the erosion rate of rocky desertification area with severe erosion level increases. Results show the gradual decrease in the temporal and spatial variation of soil erosion in the study area. Lithology is the geological basis of soil erosion. Changes in the spatial distribution of lithology and rocky desertification induce high soil loss. The area is characterized by high rocky desertification, low erosion module, and decreasing annual erosion rate.