bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emotional Development: The View From Between
Authors: Mascolo Michael
Published: October 2020

It is an honor to be able to engage Ezequiel Di Paolo’s and David Sander’s reflections on relational conceptions of emotional development. In this reply, I elaborate on the role of emotion in the open-ended construction of self. Di Paolo suggests that emotions are “collectively constituted ways of regulating human becoming” (2020, p. 229); Sander (2020) maintains that as felt modes of engagement, emotions play a central role in processes related to teaching, learning, and education. These assertions are consistent with the idea that emotional experiences develop as a product of relations that occur between persons, and that the relational construction of emotion lies at the center of the developmental construction of personhood.
Tissue structure contributes to the production of a coloured skin display in the Common Myna
Authors: Peneaux Chloe , Hansbro Philip M , Jobling Phil , Holdsworth John L , Griffin Andrea S
Published: October 2020

Conspicuous coloured displays from ultraviolet to bright red have been documented in many species throughout the animal kingdom. These colours often occur as sexual signals and can be incorporated into different types of integuments (e.g. scales, feathers, skin). Two main mechanisms are known to produce coloured integuments: pigmentation and tissue structure. Although pigmental and structural coloration are separate mechanisms and can occur independently, some coloured displays might emerge from a combination of both. Here, we demonstrate, using biochemical, optical and morphological methodologies, that the yellow coloration of the skin located around the eye of Common (Indian) Mynas ( Acridotheres tristis) is produced by both light-reflecting nanostructures and light-absorbing carotenoid pigments. Our analysis confirms that nanostructured collagen in the avian dermis work in combination with carotenoid pigments to produce vivid integumentary colours. Identifying the mechanisms behind the production of a coloured signal provides a basis for predicting how a signal’s function might be influenced by environmental factors such as fledgling nutrition.
Two birds with one stone: Greening the EU’s post-coronavirus recovery
Authors: Palacková Eva
Published: October 2020

If there is a silver lining to the ongoing pandemic, it could be its potential to change people’s behaviour and policymakers’ attitudes in favour of more sustainable models. The article focuses on the global struggle with the coronavirus and the resulting economic crisis, amid the ongoing crises of climate change and environmental degradation, and argues that returning to business as usual is not an option. Instead, it suggests learning from the experience, harnessing the momentum and embracing new ways of doing things to achieve green growth. The EU’s post-coronavirus recovery package has this sort of transformative potential for the economies and societies of the member states. If it is implemented well, it could turn the crisis into an opportunity, and people will reap its benefits for generations to come.
Sharing the Spoils: Winners and Losers in the Belt and Road Initiative in Myanmar
Authors: Mark SiuSue , Overland Indra , Vakulchuk Roman
Published: October 2020

This article studies the impact of China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) on economic actors in Myanmar. It hypothesizes that the BRI has strong transformative potential, because Chinese projects are likely to transform Myanmar’s economy on different scales and influence the allocation of economic benefits and losses for different actors. The study identifies economic actors in Myanmar who are likely to be most affected by BRI projects. It also discusses how BRI-related investments could affect the country’s complex conflict dynamics. The article concludes with policy recommendations for decision makers in Myanmar, China, and the international community for mitigating the BRI’s possible negative impacts. The analysis draws on secondary sources and primary data collection in the form of interviews with key actors in Hsipaw, Lashio, and Yangon, involved with and informed about the BRI in Myanmar at the local, regional, and national levels.
Study on Preparation of a Chitosan/Vitamin C Complex and Its Properties in Cosmetics
Authors: Liping Liu , Kexin Li , Huipu Ding , Jia Lv , Jie Zhang
Published: October 2020

In order to expand the application of chitosan in cosmetics, it was modified with vitamin C to prepare a chitosan/vitamin C complex (CSVC complex), which was characterized using ultraviolet-visual, Fourier transform infrared, and differential scanning calorimetry techniques. Its hygroscopicity, moisture retention, antioxidant and antibacterial activities, and environmental stability were also determined. The results showed that a mass ratio of chitosan to vitamin C of 1:1 that reacted at 25℃ for 90 minutes in a medium of isopropanol–water, away from light, with the unreacted vitamin C being removed by dialysis gave a white powder (CSVC complex) after freeze-drying. The CSVC complex had good water solubility, a viscosity average molecular weight of 233.7 kDa, and a vitamin C content of 22.64%. Structure characterization confirmed that the CSVC complex was composed of the amine (C-2 position) of chitosan and the hydroxyl group (C-3 position) of vitamin C by electrostatic attraction. The complex had a significantly better scavenging effect on hydroxyl free radicals than chitosan, and the minimum inhibitory concentration against Escherichia coli was 5 mg/mL. Its moisturizing and hygroscopic properties were better than chitosan, and its stability was better than that of vitamin C. These results provide the basis for the CSVC complex as a multifunctional raw material for cosmetic use because of its antioxidant, moisturizing, antibacterial, and film-forming properties.
Isolation of Prunin From Bauhinia variegata and Its Antioxidant Activity in Rats Fed an Atherogenic Diet
Authors: Zhang Xi , Ye Binghua
Published: October 2020

Atherosclerosis is no longer a disease attributed mainly to high cholesterol content in the body; it has come to be regarded as a chronic inflammatory disease with an autoimmune component. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the prunin fraction (PF) isolated from the ethanolic extract of Bauhinia variegata against the release of various proinflammatory mediators in rats fed an atherogenic diet. The diet was administered orally to Sprague Dawley rats for 60 days to induce atherosclerosis. The blood serum of the rats was used to estimate the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), thiobarbituric acid reactive substance, catalase, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein using assay kits. Other physical parameters, such as body weight, feed intake, and systolic blood pressure, were also determined during the study. The results showed a significant protective effect of the PF against diet-induced atherosclerosis by decreasing the levels of proinflammatory mediators such as TNF-α and IL-6. Rats treated with PF (20 and 40 mg/kg) showed a change in systolic blood pressure and a reduction in oxidative stress induced by the atherogenic diet. Reduction in body weight and modulation of food intake were observed in PF-treated rats, which indicated atheroprotective, hypolipidemic, and antioxidant effects. The study concludes that the atheroprotective properties of PF are due to effects on the initial phase of plaque formation to thrombus formation. This study may help researchers to find a better alternative for selecting optimal therapies and preventing plaque formation. Future Significance: This article focuses on the molecular mechanisms involved in the evolution of atherosclerotic plaques and different targets that act at the starting stage of the plaque to thrombus formation. This may pave the way for selecting optimal therapies and preventing plaque complications.
GC-FID-MS and X-ray Diffraction for the Detailed Evaluation of the Volatiles From Senecio filaginoides
Authors: van Baren Catalina M. , González Silvia B. , Bandoni Arnaldo L. , Di Leo Lira Paola , Bucio María A. , Hernández-Barragán Angelina , Joseph-Nathan Pedro
Published: October 2020

The medicinal aromatic plant Senecio filaginoides DC, which is very widespread in the Patagonia region, was harvested at the vegetative, flowering, and fructification stages. The materials were extracted by hydrodistillation, yielding in average 0.34% v/w of essential oils with a pleasant sweet and greenish scent. A total of 56 components were identified by gas chromatography using flame ionization detection and mass spectra measurements, representing 96.1%-97.6% of the total oil. The sesquiterpenoid 10 αH-furanoeremophil-1-one (1) appeared as a major constituent (16.2%-26.9%) of the oil. It could be isolated by cooling the oil at 4°C, thus yielding yellow crystalline solids. Its stereochemistry was assigned by single-crystal X-ray diffraction since previous studies identified the compound with different stereochemistries. The use of classical separation and analytical methodologies remains as a very useful strategy for the correct identification of compounds present in the volatile fraction of a plant and is a route for potential industrial applications.
A New Phenylethanoid Glycoside From the Leaves of Rosmarinus officinalis With Nitric Oxide Inhibitory Activity
Authors: Huyen Le Thi , Oanh Le Thi , Son Nguyen Thi , Thu Nguyen Thi Minh , Hoang Nguyen Huy , Yen Pham Hai , Nhiem Nguyen Xuan , Huu Tai Bui , Kiem Phan Van
Published: October 2020

A new phenylethanoid glycoside, named rosmacinalis (1), and 6x known compounds {2-phenylethyl O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1‴→6″)- O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), clinopodiolide C (3), rosmanol (4), 7 α-methoxyrosmanol (5) 7 β-methoxyrosmanol (6) and carnosol (7)} were isolated from the leaves of Rosmarinus officinalis. Their structures were determined by extensive analysis of high-resolution electron spray ionization mass spectrum and nuclear magnetic resonance spectral data, as well as by comparison of the spectral data with those reported in the literature. Anti-inflammatory activity of compounds 1‐7 was evaluated by their inhibition of NO production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. At a concentration of 100 µM, compounds 1 and 2 exhibited inhibitory rates of 47.1% ± 2.2% and 44.5% ± 1.3%, respectively, while compounds 3‐7 showed a cytotoxic effect. After dilution to a concentration of 20 µM, except compound 7, compounds 1‐6 did not show a cytotoxic effect. Their NO inhibitory rates ranged from 14.2% ± 1.3% to 31.1% ± 1.9%.
More Just Futures are Possible: Connecting Post Qualitative Inquiry and Social Movement Organizing
Authors: Bivens Briana M.
Published: October 2020

In this article, I explore how post qualitative inquiry can connect with social movement organizing in the United States to expand the scope of what’s possible for thought, action, and justice. I briefly review social movement organizing’s alignment with emancipatory theories and gesture toward the promise and importance of a collaboration between liberation struggles and theories that critique humanist and modernist thought. Poststructuralism, in particular, enables an exploration of that which might be but is not-yet and a deconstructive ethic of unsettling normalized categories, offering generative heuristics for thinking about power and justice without falling into descriptions that essentialize and homogenize. Post qualitative inquiry offers a starting point for considering how social movements might operationalize poststructural theories and theories of the ontological turn. It encourages experimentation and the creation of different ways to think/act in the face of not knowing what else to do. I argue that features of post qualitative inquiry can be useful not just in conventional research settings but also in the community organizing settings from which social movements often emerge.
Blockade of Fgfr1 with PD166866 Protects Cartilage from the Catabolic Effects Induced by Interleukin-1β: A Genome-Wide Expression Profiles Analysis
Authors: Yi Lingxian , Lan Guihua , Ju Yue , Yin Xiushan , Zhang Peipei , Xu Ye , Weng Tujun
Published: October 2020

Objective

Previously we showed that genetic deletion of Fgfr1 in chondrocytes protected mice from progression of osteoarthritis (OA). The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of PD166866, a potent selective inhibitor of Fgfr1, on cartilage degeneration induced by interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and to clarify underlying global gene expression pattern.

Design

Cartilage explants and primary rat chondrocytes were stimulated with IL-1β to establish an inflammatory OA in vitro model. The effects of PD166866 were determined by measuring the release of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) in cartilage explants and primary rat chondrocytes, and the underlying molecular mechanism was analyzed by microarray and RT-PCR analysis in primary chondrocytes.

Results

In cartilage explants, PD166866 significantly counteracts IL-β stimulated GAG release. In addition, PD166866 impede IL-1β-stimulated nuclear translocation of p65 in rat chondrocytes. Based on microarray analysis, a total of 67 and 132 genes with more than 1.5-fold changes were identified in IL-1β-treated versus control and PD166866 cotreatment versus IL-1β treatment alone, respectively. Only 19 thereof were coregulated by IL-1β and PD166866 simultaneously. GO and KEGG pathway analysis showed that some pathways, including “cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction,” “chemokine signaling pathway,” and “complement and coagulation cascades,” as well as some key genes like chemokines, complement, and matrix metalloproteinases may relevant for therapeutic application of Fgfr1 blockade in IL-1β-stimulated chondrocytes.

Conclusion

Our results clearly demonstrated that blockade of Fgfr1 with PD166866 could effectively suppress the catabolic effects induced by IL-1β, and elucidated whole genomic targets of Fgfr1 inhibition responsible for the therapeutic effects of Fgfr1 blockade against inflammatory OA.
Abrasion: A Common Dental Problem Revisited
Authors: Milosevic Alex
Published: October 2020

Dental abrasion is most commonly seen at the cervical necks of teeth, but can occur in any area, even inter-dentally from vigorous and incorrect use of dental floss. Acid erosion has been implicated in the initiation and progress of the cervical lesion, while tooth-brush abrasion has long been held as the prime cause of cervical abrasion. Identification of the risk factors is clearly important in order to modify any habits and provide appropriate advice.
New Frontiers in Dental Technology: An Overview
Authors: Walls Angus Wg
Published: October 2020

The pace of technological advance across science is staggeringly fast. Our ability to translate some of the potential developments in technology into concepts/products/devices that can assist dentists in caring for patients is key to ensuring that both the profession and the people we care for derive full benefit from these new technologies. This overview will focus in four areas: research and how we gather and interpret data to inform health care; the diagnosis and prevention of disease; planning care; and new concepts in terms of achieving desired health outcomes for patients. Some of the technological advances will be in their infancy and others close to or indeed clinical reality. The objective of this overview is to show where we are in terms of the cutting edge of technology and to whet the appetite for things to come.
Pulmonary tumor thrombotic microangiopathy presenting as recurrent syncope
Authors: Burciaga Calderoni Constanza , Moretta Dafne T , Merrill-Henry Jeanette , Giri Paresh C
Published: October 2020

Pulmonary tumor thrombotic microangiopathy is a rare condition in which embolization of tumor cells to the pulmonary arterioles causes fibrocellular intimal thickening and activation of the coagulation cascade resulting in pulmonary hypertension and right heart failure. Herein, we highlight a young 35-year-old male with no known past medical history who presented with recurrent syncope and dyspnea, and was found to have severe right heart failure and pulmonary hypertension. He developed sudden clinical deterioration and died after a cardiac arrest. Autopsy revealed poorly differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma and pulmonary tumor thrombotic microangiopathy. New onset severe pulmonary hypertension and right heart failure without any other obvious etiology should encourage the reader to evaluate for pulmonary tumor thrombotic microangiopathy and undergo a diligent search for underlying malignancy. This case highlights recurrent syncope as a rare presentation of this rapidly fatal disease.
Artificial intelligence and the future of psychiatry: Qualitative findings from a global physician survey
Authors: Blease C , Locher C , Leon-Carlyle M , Doraiswamy M
Published: October 2020

Background

The potential for machine learning to disrupt the medical profession is the subject of ongoing debate within biomedical informatics.

Objective

This study aimed to explore psychiatrists’ opinions about the potential impact innovations in artificial intelligence and machine learning on psychiatric practice

Methods

In Spring 2019, we conducted a web-based survey of 791 psychiatrists from 22 countries worldwide. The survey measured opinions about the likelihood future technology would fully replace physicians in performing ten key psychiatric tasks. This study involved qualitative descriptive analysis of written responses (“comments”) to three open-ended questions in the survey.

Results

Comments were classified into four major categories in relation to the impact of future technology on: (1) patient-psychiatrist interactions; (2) the quality of patient medical care; (3) the profession of psychiatry; and (4) health systems. Overwhelmingly, psychiatrists were skeptical that technology could replace human empathy. Many predicted that ‘man and machine’ would increasingly collaborate in undertaking clinical decisions, with mixed opinions about the benefits and harms of such an arrangement. Participants were optimistic that technology might improve efficiencies and access to care, and reduce costs. Ethical and regulatory considerations received limited attention.

Conclusions

This study presents timely information on psychiatrists’ views about the scope of artificial intelligence and machine learning on psychiatric practice. Psychiatrists expressed divergent views about the value and impact of future technology with worrying omissions about practice guidelines, and ethical and regulatory issues.
Rethinking “Basic Issues” in Moral Education
Authors: Gao (高德胜) Desheng , Wang (王迪) Di
Published: October 2020

Purpose:

This article presents an alternative interpretation of “basic principles” in moral education by reconsidering Dewey’s moral education theory, which has had profound influence on Chinese educational theory and practice.

Design/Approach/Methods:

Through a close analysis of Moral Principles in Education (1909), this study identifies four ideological and logical limitations in Dewey’s moral education theory.

Findings:

Analysis revealed four limitations in Dewey’s moral education theory. First, although “moral ideas” originate from real life, they are insufficient for developing a fully moral life. Second, the “moral trinity” is an ideal that cannot be fulfilled when exposed to reality. Third, the interpretation of “ideas about morality” needs to extend beyond examinations of their effects on behavior, particularly insofar as these ideas play a complex role in the overall development of individuals. Fourth, simply teaching ideas about morality constitutes the worst practice of “direct moral instruction.” In this respect, best practice involves cultivating moral ideas while facilitating the transformation of ideas about morality into moral ideas or vice versa.

Originality/Value:

The distinction between “moral ideas” and “ideas about morality” has long been considered the basic problem of moral education. This study presents another approach to the “basic problem” of moral education that complements and reinforces these concepts.
Objective Data Reveals Gender Preferences for Patients’ Primary Care Physician
Authors: Fink Madelinn , Klein Kendall , Sayers Kia , Valentino John , Leonardi Claudia , Bronstone Amy , Wiseman Pamela M. , Dasa Vinod
Published: October 2020

Background and Objectives:

Most studies based on self-reported data indicate that female patients more often than males have a same-gender preference for their primary care physician (PCP). Because self-reported preferences may not reflect true preferences, we analyzed objective data to investigate patients’ preferences for PCP gender.

Methods:

Analyses were performed on 2192 new patients seen within a university-based healthcare system by 13 PCPs (2 male, 11 female) during 2017. New patients were asked about their PCP gender preference when assigned a PCP. We compared the expected prevalence (proportion of males/females in overall patient population) and observed prevalence (gender distribution of patients for each PCP) by PCP gender. A mixed model with PCP as a random effect examined the odds of male and female patients being assigned a same-gender physician.

Results:

The expected prevalence of new patients was 65% female and 35% male. The observed prevalence (95% confidence interval [CI]) of male patients among male and female PCPs was, respectively, 59.7% (49.0%-69.5%) and 28.0% (24.0%-32.4%), with neither CI containing the expected prevalence of male patients (35%). Similarly, the observed prevalence of female patients among male and female PCPs was, respectively, 40.3% (95% CI 30.5%-51.0%) and 72.0% (95% CI 67.6%-76.0%), with neither CI containing the expected prevalence of female patients (65%).

Conclusions:

Both male and female patients often preferred to see a same-gender PCP with this preference more pronounced in males. Future research should seek to clarify the relationships between patients’ gender preferences, patient-physician gender concordance/discordance, patient satisfaction, and health outcomes.
Conservatively Treated Femoral Intertrochanteric Fracture With Early Asymptomatic Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Case Report
Authors: Suzuki Yuki , Kasashima Toshihiko , Hontani Kazutoshi , Yamamoto Yasuhiro , Ito Kanako , Xu Liang , Matsuoka Masatake , Iwasaki Koji , Onodera Tomohiro , Kondo Eiji , Iwasaki Norimasa
Published: October 2020

Introduction:

The ongoing outbreak of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a worldwide problem. Although diagnosing COVID-19 in fracture patients is important for selecting treatment, diagnosing early asymptomatic COVID-19 is difficult. We describe herein a rare case of femoral intertrochanteric fracture concomitant with early asymptomatic novel COVID-19.

Case presentation:

An 87-year-old Japanese woman was transferred to our emergency room with a right hip pain after she fell. She had no fever, fatigue, or respiratory symptoms on admission and within the 14 days before presenting to our hospital, and no specific shadow was detected in chest X-ray. However, chest computed tomography (CT) was performed considering COVID-19 pandemic, and showed ground-glass opacities with consolidation in the dorsal segment of the right lower lung field. Then, qualitative real-time reverse-transcriptase-polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) was carried out and turned out to be positive. She was diagnosed right femoral intertrochanteric fracture with concomitant COVID-19 infection. Conservative treatment was applied to the fracture due to infection. After admission, fever and oxygen demand occurred but she recovered from COVID-19. Throughout the treatment period, no cross-infection from the patient was identified in our hospital.

Conclusion:

This case highlights the importance of considering chest CT as an effective screening method for infection on hospital admission in COVID-19-affected areas, especially in trauma patients with early asymptomatic novel COVID-19.
“Friday Night is their Super Bowl”: A Relational Investigation Regarding Occupational Stress Among American High School Football Officials
Authors: Avalos Brianna L.
Published: October 2020

This interpretive research explores American high school football officials’ perceptions of occupational stress experienced both on and off the field. Within the United States, there is a current shortage of high school football officials. Overall individualistic identification within the association and how members make sense of their position on and off the field contribute to occupational stress. The research focused on one Southern Californian high school football organization officiating for youth, high school, and some college football. Data was collected through both semi-structured face-to-face interviews as well as analysis of field notes from football games and similar settings. This research utilized the theoretical framework of sensemaking as well as thematic analysis as a method in order to better understand and make sense of how members within the organization identify and manage stressful and hostile football-related situations. (Inter)personal relational stress-impacted themes emerged from the data: (1) with coaches, (2) with parents, and (3) with other officials.
Failed Meniscal Repairs After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Increases Risk of Revision Surgery
Authors: Vindfeld Søren , Strand Torbjørn , Solheim Eirik , Inderhaug Eivind
Published: October 2020

Background:

Failed anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR) can lead to reduced quality of life because of recurrent episodes of instability, restrictions in level of activity, and development of osteoarthritis. A profound knowledge of the causes of a failed surgery can ultimately help improve graft survival rates.

Purpose:

To investigate the patient-related risks of inferior outcomes leading to revision surgery after ACLR.

Study Design:

Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

From a prospective cohort of primary ACLRs performed at a single center, patients who required later revision surgery were matched with a control group of uneventful primary ACLRs. Patient characteristics, data from the preoperative examinations, KT-1000 arthrometer laxity testing, Tegner activity scale, International Knee Documentation Committee subjective score, Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, and perioperative data from the initial surgery were included.

Results:

A total of 100 revision cases and 100 matched controls, with a median follow-up time of 11 years, were included in the study. Those who had undergone revision surgery were younger at the time of reconstruction and had a shorter time from injury to surgery than their matched controls ( P = .006). The control group—of uneventful ACLRs—had a higher incidence of meniscal repair at reconstruction ( P = .024). Also, the revision group more frequently experienced later failure of the previous meniscal repair ( P = .004). Surgeon experience was not found to affect the risk of revision ACL surgery. Those who had undergone ACL revision surgery had more frequently received a hamstring tendon graft size of <8 mm ( P = .018) compared with the controls.

Conclusion:

The current study demonstrated that failed meniscal repair and a hamstring tendon graft size of <8 mm were associated with primary ACLR failure. Also, younger age at the time of surgery and shorter time from injury to surgery were found to affect the risk of undergoing revision ACL surgery.
Hold the Phone! Cell Phone-Related Injuries in Children, Teens, and Young Adults Are On the Rise
Authors: Guyon Peter W , Corroon Jamie , Ferran Karen , Hollenbach Kathryn , Nguyen Margaret
Published: October 2020

We describe trends in cell phone-related injuries in patients 21 years of age and under presenting to United States Emergency Departments. We calculated age-adjusted rates of cell phone-related injury per 100 000 individuals using data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) database and United States Census Bureau. From 2002 to 2015, an estimated 38 063 patients 21 years old and younger sustained a cell phone-related injury. The overall rate of injuries for all ages increased from 17.1 injuries per 100 000 in 2002 to 138 injuries per 100 000 in 2015, an increase of over 700%. The incidence of cell phone-related injuries increased across all age groups, with children 2 years of age and under experiencing the highest single incidence rate of 159 injuries per 100 000 in 2014. These findings highlight an important and relatively under-reported pediatric safety issue. Anticipatory guidance and injury prevention plans should be updated accordingly.
Relationship Between Orthopedic Surgeon’s Empathy and Inpatient Hospital Experience Scores in a Tertiary Care Academic Institution
Authors: Dobransky Johanna , Gartke Kathleen , Pacheco-Brousseau Lissa , Spilg Edward , Perreault Ashley , Ameen Mohammad , Finless Alexandra , Beaulé Paul E. , Poitras Stéphane
Published: October 2020

Studies have examined the relationship between physician empathy and patient experience, but few have explored it in surgeons. The purpose of this study was to report on orthopedic surgeon empathy in a mutlispecialty practice and explore its association with orthopedic patient experience. Patients completed the consultation and relational empathy (CARE) measure (March 2017-August 2018) and Canadian Patient Experience Survey-Inpatient Care (CPES-IC; March 2017-February 2019) to assess empathy and patient experience, respectively. Consultation and relational empathy measures were correlated to CPES-IC for 3 surgeon-related questions pertaining to respect, listening, and explaining. Surgeon CARE scores (n = 1134) ranged from 42.0 ± 9.1 to 48.6 ± 2.4 with 50.4% of patients rating their surgeon as perfectly empathic. There were no significant differences between surgeons for CPES-IC continuous and topbox scores (n = 834) for respect and correlations between CPES-IC questions. The CARE measure for both continuous and topbox scores were weak to moderate, but none were significant. Empathy was associated with surgeon respect and careful listening, despite lack of significant correlation. Possible future work could use an empathy tool more appropriate for this surgeon population.
Factors Associated With Patient Ratings of Timeliness of Primary Care Appointments
Authors: Mayo-Smith Michael , Radwin Laurel E. , Abdulkerim Hassen , Mohr David C.
Published: October 2020

As access is the lowest rated dimension in surveys of outpatient experience, we sought to identify patient, practice, and provider factors associated with positive ratings of timeliness of primary care appointments. A cross-sectional study with multivariable, multilevel logistic regression was performed using survey responses from 236 695 individuals receiving care in the Veterans Health Administration (VA). Top box ratings (response of “always”) for whether the patient reported receiving an appointment as soon as they needed in primary care for routine care and for care needed right away were the main outcomes. Independent variables capturing patient, practice, and provider factors were obtained from survey responses and VA databases. Degree of continuity with primary care provider and duration of relationship were strongly associated with higher ratings. Shorter primary care appointment wait times for both new and returning patients were associated with higher ratings. Independent wait times for mental health and specialty appointments had no effect. Older age, better self-reported physical and mental health, lower disease complexity, and rural residence were patient factors associated with higher ratings while gender, race, ethnicity, and education had little effect. Measures of continuity with primary care provider as well as appointment wait times have strong association with positive patient ratings of appointment timeliness. Patients treated in Veterans Affairs clinics may value continuity with their primary care provider over longer times. Initiatives to improve access could focus on improving continuity and ensuring efforts to improve access do not impact continuity.
Relationship Between Tracheal Suctioning Catheter Motion and Secretion Amount Based on Viscosity
Authors: Colley Noriyo , Komizunai Shunsuke , Konno Atsushi , Kanai Satoshi , Ninomiya Shinji
Published: October 2020

Background

To provide safe tracheal suctioning, the American Association of Respiratory Care guideline discusses the length of suctioning catheter, but the most effective tracheal suctioning catheter technique is still unknown.

Objective

The aim of this study is to compare the amount of simulated secretion produced by five different handlings of a catheter at two different viscosities and in two different models to discover the most effective suctioning maneuver in the various mucus conditions.

Design

In vitro experimental design.

Methods

The amount of secretion aspirated by our researcher's manipulation of a suctioning catheter was measured. The tip of the catheter was recorded using a high-speed video camera to visualize the secretion motion.

Results

The most effective suctioning technique differed depending on the viscosity of the secretion. There were no significant differences between five suctioning methods applied to high-viscosity phlegm in a tracheal membrane model, but the flexion technique was the most efficient for low-viscosity secretion.

Conclusions

Our results imply that the flexion technique was reasonably safe and the most effective of these five methods for low-viscosity secretion.
Shared Living Experiences by Physicians have a Positive Impact on Mental Health Attitudes and Stigma among Medical Students: A Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: Martin Andrés , Chilton Julie , Paasche Cecilia , Nabatkhorian Nicole , Gortler Hilary , Cohenmehr Erica , Weller Indigo , Amsalem Doron , Neary Stephanie
Published: October 2020

Introduction:

Medical culture can make trainees feel like there is neither room for mistakes, nor space for personal shortcomings in the makeup of physicians. A dearth of role models who can exemplify that it is acceptable to need support compounds barriers to help-seeking once students struggle. We conducted a mixed-methods study to assess the impact of physicians sharing their living experiences with medical students.

Methods:

Second-year medical students participated, through synchronized videoconferencing, in an intervention consisting of 3 physicians who shared personal histories of vulnerability (e.g. failure on high-stakes exams; immigration and acculturation stress; and personal psychopathology, including treatment and recovery), followed by facilitated, small-group discussions. For the quantitative component, students completed the Opening Minds to Stigma Scale for Health Care Providers (OMS-HC) before and after the intervention. For the qualitative component, we conducted focus groups to explore the study intervention. We analyzed anonymized transcripts using thematic analysis aided by NVivo software.

Results:

We invited all students in the class (n = 61, 46% women) to participate in the research component. Among the 53 participants (87% of the class), OMS-HC scores improved after the intervention ( P = .002), driven by the Attitudes ( P = .003) and Disclosure ( P < .001) subscales. We conducted 4 focus groups, each with a median of 6 participants (range, 5-7). We identified, through iterative thematic analysis of focus group transcripts, active components before, during, and after the intervention, with unexpected vulnerability and unarmored mutuality as particularly salient.

Conclusions:

Sharing histories of personal vulnerability by senior physicians can lessen stigmatized views of mental health and normalize help-seeking among medical students. Synchronous videoconferencing proved to be an effective delivery mechanism for the intervention in a ‘virtual wellness’ format. Candid sharing by physicians has the potential to enhance students’ ability to recognize, address, and seek help for their own mental health needs.
Zur Entwicklung des Personalmanagements in der Tschechischen Republik
Authors: Kleibl Jirí
Published: October 2020

Der Beitrag beginnt mit einem Rückblick auf die Lehre vom Personalmanagement in der sozialistischen Ära der Tschechoslowakei und der Vorkriegszeit. Er beschreibt sodann aktuelle Entwicklungen der personalwirtschaftlichen Lehre in der Umbruchsphase. Weiterhin werden Anforderungen der Wirtschaftspraxis dargestellt. Abschließend erörtert der Autor Konsequenzen für die Formulierung zukünftiger Lehr-und Forschungsschwerpunkte.
Personalmanagement als Wissenschaftsdisziplin in Polen
Authors: Szeloch Zbigniew
Published: October 2020

Der Beitrag vermittelt zuächst einen Rückblick auf die personalwirtschaftliche Lehre im Hochschulbereich Polens vor der Revolution. Er informiert sodann über die Hauptinhalte eines den Hochschulen vorgegebenen zentralen Lehrplans für das personalwirtschaftliche Kernstudium. Weiterhin werden drei Beispiele für hochschulspezifische personalwirtschaftliche Spezialfächer verschiedener Hochschulen mitgeteilt. Schließlich charakterisiert der Beitrag aktuelle Entwicklungen der personalwirtschaftlichen Lehre und Forschung in Polen.
Shifting the Emphasis from Natural Resources to Human Resources: The Challenge of the New Competitive Context in Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Dowling Peter J. , Boxall Peter F.
Published: October 2020

This article explores the changes that are required if Australia and New Zealand are to shift emphasis from natural resources to human resources. Drawing on the Harvard framework for HRM, we review the key stakeholders, critique the historical content of human resource policies in four key domains and conclude with a discussion of priorities for change.
Führung und Persönlichkeit. Betriebliche Weiterbildung zur Persönlichkeitsentwicklung für Führungskräfte
Authors: Götz Klaus
Published: October 2020

Betriebliche Bildung hat nicht nur die Zielsetzung, Mitarbeiter zu qualifizieren, sie will sie auch sensibilisieren. Verbreitete Werthaltungen, die der allgemeinen Bildung den Vorzug vor der beruflichen geben und umgekehrt sind nicht mehr zeitgemäß und führen zu Dualismen, die der Vorstellung von der Unvereinbarkeit von allgemeiner und betrieblicher Bildung neuen Nährboden geben. Diese Haltungen sind umso überraschender, da doch mit der ganzheitlichen Betrachtung des Menschen (und seiner Systeme) er immer in seiner beruflichen und privaten Rolle gesehen werden muß. Diese Betrachtung betrifft die Führungskräfte im Betrieb in besonderen Maße, da sie sich und andere in einem organisatorischen Rahmen und unter funktionellen Gesichtspunkten führen müssen. In dem Artikel soll geschildert werden, mit welchen Konzeptionen in der Führungskräfteförderung an Problemen gearbeitet wird, die sich auf den ganzen Menschen beziehen: Werte, Grundhaltungen, Einstellungen, Normen und Sinnfragen. Fragen, die im Seminar zentral sind lauten z.B. “Wo komme ich her?”, Wo stehe ich gerade?”, “Wo will ich hin?”.

Ziel des Beitrages ist es zu zeigen, daß es auch die Aufgabe von Personalforschung ist, die Umsetzungsmöglichkeiten von theoretischen Konzepten aufzuzeigen und zu entwickeln.
Communication science lessons for patient safety and quality care
Authors: Hannawa Annegret F , Spitzberg Brian H , Childress Marcia D , Frankel Richard , Pham Julius C , Wu Albert W
Published: October 2020

At a time when patient-centered care is a goal and patient safety is a paramount concern across the spectrum of health care, renewed and rigorous attention to interpersonal communication skills makes good sense. In this interdisciplinary article, we share lessons from communication science that can help clinicians communicate more appropriately and effectively with each other and with their patients in healthcare encounters.
Mesenteric Vessel Abnormalities Detected With Sonography: A Possible Gateway to the Early Diagnosis of Various Gastrointestinal Anomalies
Authors: Alamdaran Seyed Ali , Mahdavi Rashed Masoud , Arjmand Shima , Rahimzadeh Oskooei Reza
Published: October 2020

Background:

In pediatric sonography, mesenteric vessel abnormalities can be used as a sign of malrotation or volvulus. This study was aimed at evaluating the diseases associated with mesenteric vessel abnormalities in children, except for rotational anomalies.

Methods:

From 2017 to 2020, pediatric patients with abdominal complaints were referred for a full abdominal sonogram and were evaluated for mesenteric vascular abnormalities. During this period, 62 children (aged <12 years), with mesenteric vessel abnormalities, were discovered with sonography. They were also examined for associated anomalies and were followed until a final diagnosis was determined.

Results:

Mesenteric vessel displacement was reported in 37 patients (60%); in 24 cases, the vein was located to the left of superior mesenteric artery (SMA), and in others (13 cases), in the anterior position. Abnormal pathways in mesenteric vessels were reported in 33 patients (53%); 18 cases showing a right side turn and 15 cases showing a left side turn. The whirlpool sign was seen in 16 patients (27%). These three patterns of vessel abnormality were associated with disorders such as diaphragmatic hernia, bowel obstruction, and space occupying lesions (masses). The location of the mesenteric abnormality was in the proximal part of mesenteric vessels in 45 cases (72.5%) and in its distal part in 17 cases (27.5%). Malrotation (eight cases), obstruction, and volvulus were the most common causes of a distal abnormality.

Conclusions:

Mesenteric vessel abnormalities, noted with sonography, may not be exclusive to the diagnosis of malrotation and midgut volvulus. In this cohort, bowel obstruction, diaphragmatic hernia, and space occupying lesions were the other most common anomalies associated with mesenteric vessel abnormalities. In reviewing one-third of mesenteric vessels, abnormalities were only seen in the distal part of vessels; therefore, a thorough examination is warranted.
Effect of Mechanical Surface Treatment on the Bonding Mechanism and Properties of Cold-Rolled Cu/Al Clad Plate
Authors: Han Jianchao , Niu Hui , Li Sha , Ren Zhongkai , Jia Yi , Wang Tao , Plokhikh A. I. , Huang Qingxue
Published: October 2020

In the case of valuable cold-rolled Cu/Al clad plates, billet surface treatment before rolling is a significant process that can affect the bonding efficiency and quality. While the current studies primarily focus on the influence of rolling parameters, insufficient attention has been paid to surface treatment. In this study, the effects of mechanical surface treatment on the bonding mechanism and bonding properties of cold-rolled Cu/Al clad plates were investigated. The results showed that different mechanical surface treatments have significant effects on the surface morphology, roughness, and residual stress. In addition, the effect of surface mechanical treatment on bonding quality was also observed to be critical. When the grinding direction was consistent with the rolling direction (RD), the bonding quality of the Cu/Al clad plates was significantly improved. After surface treatment along the RD for 20 s, the Cu/Al clad plates showed the highest shear strength (78 MPa), approximately four times as high as that of the unpolished samples. Simultaneously, the peel strength of this process was also significantly higher than that achieved via the other processes. Finally, on the basis of the surface morphology, roughness, and residual stress, the effect of surface treatment on the bonding mechanism and bonding properties of Cu/Al clad plates was analyzed. This study proposes a deeper understanding of the bonding behavior and bonding mechanism for cold rolled clad plates processed via mechanical surface treatment.
Intelligent Modularized Reconfigurable Mechanisms for Robots: Development and Experiment
Authors: Xu Wenfu , Han Liang , Wang Xin , Yuan Han , Liang Bin
Published: October 2020

With the development of intelligent flexible manufacturing, traditional industrial manipulators with a single configuration are difficult to meet a variety of tasks. Reconfigurable robots have developed rapidly which could change their configurations and end effectors for different tasks. The reconfigurable connecting mechanism (RCM) is a core component of reconfigurable robots. In this paper, two types of intelligent modularized RCMs with light weight, high payload, and large pose (position and attitude) error tolerance are developed. One is driven by shape memory alloy (SMA) and recovery spring. It is locked by steel balls and key. The other is driven by electromagnetic coil and locked by permanent magnet and key. The locking principle, mechanical system and control system of the two RCMs are detailed introduced. Both of them meet the requirements of high precision and high payload in the industrial field. Finally, the developed RCMs are respectively integrated to a practical robot and experimented. The experiment results verified the performance of the two RCMs.
High-dose intravenous vitamin C reduces urinary tract infection post-kidney transplantation
Authors: Borran Mina , Dashti-Khavidaki Simin , Alamdari Azam , Naderi Neda , Gatmiri Seyed Mansour
Published: October 2020

Background

Urinary tract infection (UTI) accounts for about half of all post- kidney transplant infections. There is conflicting data regarding vitamin C and UTI prevention. So far, its efficacy has not been studied in renal transplant patients.

Methods

Kidney transplant candidates were randomized between vitamin C and placebo arms. In the treatment group, patients received vitamin C infusion at a single dose of 70 mg/kg. In another study arm, only the diluent solution was administered. Data regarding bacteriuria during the first hospitalization after transplantation were recorded.

Results

A total of 19 patients were randomized to the placebo (n = 10) and vitamin C (n = 9) group. The rate of bacteriuria during the first hospitalization after transplantation was significantly lower in the vitamin C group than in the placebo group, 11.1% versus 60%, respectively. (P = 0.02).

Conclusion

Vitamin C as a safe treatment is a potential prophylactic agent in post kidney transplantation UTI.
Porcine interferon lambda 3 (IFN-λ3) shows potent anti-PRRSV activity in primary porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs)
Authors: Zhao Jun , Zhu Ling , Xu Lei , Huang Jianbo , Sun Xiangang , Xu Zhiwen
Published: October 2020

Background

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a serious viral disease of swine. At present, there are vaccines for the control of PRRSV infection, but the effect is not satisfactory. The recombination of attenuated vaccines causes significant difficulties with the prevention and control of PRRSV. Type III interferons (IFNs), also called IFN-λs, were newly identified and showed potent antiviral activity within the mucosal surface and immune organs.

Results

Therefore, primary porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) were used for this investigation. To this end, we found that the replication of PRRSV in PAMs was significantly reduced after pre-treatment with IFN-λ3, and such inhibition was dose- and time-dependent. The plaque formation of PRRSV abrogated entirely, and virus yields were reduced by four orders of magnitude when the primary PAMs were treated with IFN-λ3 at 1000 ng/ml. In addition, IFN-λ3 in our study was able to induce the expression of interferon-stimulated genes 15 (ISG15), 2′-5′-oligoadenylate synthase 1 (OAS1), IFN-inducible transmembrane 3 (IFITM3), and myxoma resistance protein 1(Mx1) in primary PAMs.

Conclusions

IFN-λ3 had antiviral activity against PRRSV and can stimulate the expression of pivotal interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), i.e., ISG15, Mx1, OAS1, and IFITM3. So, IFN-λ3 may serve as a useful antiviral agent.