bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new global dataset of mountain glacier centerlines and lengths
Authors: Zhang Dahong , Zhou Gang , Li Wen , Zhang Shiqiang , Yao Xiaojun , Wei Shimei
Published: September 2022

Abstract. The length of a glacier is a key determinant of its geometry and is an important parameter in glacier inventories and modeling; glacier centerlines are the lines along which the main flow of glaciers takes place
and, thus, are crucial inputs for many glaciological applications. In this
study, the centerlines and maximum lengths of global glaciers were extracted using a self-designed automatic extraction algorithm based on the latest global glacier inventory data, digital elevation model (DEM), and European allocation theory. The accuracy of the dataset was evaluated through random visual assessments and comparisons with the Randolph Glacier Inventory (RGI) version 6.0. A total of 8.25 % of the outlines of the RGI were excluded, including 10 764 erroneous glacier polygons, 7174 ice caps, and 419 nominal glaciers. A total of 198 137 glacier centerlines were generated, accounting for 99.74 % of the input glaciers. The accuracy of glacier centerlines was 89.68 %. A comparison between the dataset and the previous dataset suggested that most glacier centerlines were slightly longer than those in RGI v6.0, meaning that the maximum lengths of some glaciers had been likely underestimated in the past. The constructed dataset comprises 17 sub-datasets, including global glacier centerlines, maximum lengths, and DEMs, all of which can be found at https://doi.org/10.11922/sciencedb.01643 (Zhang and Zhang, 2022).
ChinaCropSM1km: a fine 1km daily Soil Moisture dataset for Crop drylands across China during 1993–2018
Authors: Cheng Fei , Zhang Zhao , Zhuang Huimin , Han Jichong , Luo Yuchuan , Cao Juan , Zhang Liangliang , Zhang Jing , Xu Jialu , Tao Fulu
Published: September 2022

Abstract. Soil moisture (SM) is a key variable of regional hydrological cycle and has important applications for water resource and agricultural drought management. Various global soil moisture products have been mostly retrieved from microwave remote sensing data. However, there is currently rare spatially explicit and time-continuous soil moisture information with a high resolution at a nation scale. Here we generated a 1km soil moisture dataset for stable crop drylands in China (ChinaCropSM1km) over 1993−2018 through random forest (RF) algorithm, based on numerous in situ daily observations of soil moisture. We used independently in situ observations (181327 samples) from the Agricultural Meteorological Stations (AMS) across China for training (164202 samples) and others for testing (17125 samples). An irrigation module was firstly developed according to crop type (i.e. wheat, maize), soil depth (0–10 cm, 10–20 cm) and phenology. We produced four daily datasets separately by crop type and soil depth, and their accuracy is all satisfactory (wheat r 0.93, ubRMSE 0.033 m3 m–3; maize r  0.93, ubRMSE 0.035 m3 m–3). The spatio-temporal resolutions and accuracy of ChinaCropSM1km are significantly better than those of global soil moisture products (e.g. r  increased by 116 %, ubRMSE decreased by 64 %), including the global remote-sensing-based surface soil moisture dataset (RSSSM) and the European Space Agency (ESA) Climate Change Initiative (CCI) SM. The approach developed in our study could be applied into other regions and crops in the world, and our improved datasets are very valuable for many studies and field managements such as agriculture drought monitoring and crop yield forecasting. The data are published in Zenodo at https://zenodo.org/record/6834530 (wheat0–10) (Cheng et al., 2022a), https://zenodo.org/record/6822591 (wheat10–20) (Cheng et al., 2022b), https://zenodo.org/record/6822581 (maize0–10) (Cheng et al., 2022c) and https://zenodo.org/record/6820166 (mazie10–20) (Cheng et al., 2022d).
Invited perspectives: Managed realignment as a solution to mitigate coastal flood risks – optimizing success through knowledge co-production
Authors: Schuerch Mark , Mossman Hannah L. , Moore Harriet E. , Christie Elizabeth , Kiesel Joshua
Published: September 2022

Abstract. Nature-based solutions are increasingly suggested for mitigating coastal flood risks in the face of climate change. Managed realignment (MR), a coastal adaptation strategy that entails the landward realignment of coastal defences to restore coastal habitats (often salt marshes), plays a pivotal role in implementing nature-based solutions in the coastal zone. Across Europe, more than 130 sites have been implemented so far, often to harness their potential to mitigate coastal flood risks while restoring coastal habitats (ABPmer, 2021). However, local communities often oppose MR projects, not only because they are seen as returning hard-won land to the sea but also because their coastal protection function is less trusted than traditional hard engineering techniques. This scepticism has foundation. The proclaimed coastal protection function of MRs is based on a broad body of literature on the protective function of natural salt marshes. However, contrary to natural salt marshes, MRs are often semi-enclosed tidal basins with narrow breaches to the open sea/estuary. Recent studies indicate that MR-internal hydrodynamics may significantly reduce their coastal protection, depending on their engineering design. To successfully implement MR, a much-improved scientific knowledge base is needed, as well as a process for addressing community concerns and genuinely engaging stakeholders in decision-making beyond the usual obligatory consultancy approach. Here, we propose the co-production of scientific knowledge with local communities and stakeholders to optimize the success of coastal nature-based solutions and promote community acceptance.
On the uncertainty associated with detecting global and local mean sea level drifts on Sentinel-3A and Sentinel-3B altimetry missions
Authors: Jugier Rémi , Ablain Michaël , Fraudeau Robin , Guerou Adrien , Féménias Pierre
Published: September 2022

Abstract. An instrumental drift in the point target response (PTR)
parameters has been detected on the Copernicus Sentinel-3A altimetry
mission. It will affect the accuracy of sea level sensing, which could
result in errors in sea level change estimates of a few tenths of a millimeter per year. In order to accurately evaluate this drift, a method for
detecting global and regional mean sea level relative drifts between two
altimetry missions is implemented. Associated uncertainties are also
accurately calculated thanks to a detailed error budget analysis. A drift on
both Sentinel-3A (S3A) and Sentinel-3B (S3B) global mean sea level (GMSL) is
detected with values significantly higher than expected. For S3A, the
relative GMSL drift detected is 1.0 mm yr−1 with Jason-3 and 1.3 mm yr−1 with SARAL/AltiKa. For S3B, the relative GMSL drift detected is
−3.4 mm yr−1 with Jason-3 and −2.2 mm yr−1 with SARAL/AltiKa.
The drift detected at global level does not show detectable regional
variations above the uncertainty level of the proposed method. The
investigations led by the altimeter experts can now explain the origin of
this drift for S3A and S3B. The ability of the implemented method to detect
a sea level drift with respect to the length of the common period is also
analyzed. We find that the minimum detectable sea level drift over a 5-year
period is 0.3 mm yr−1 at the global scale and 1.5 mm yr−1 at the
2400 km regional scale. However, these levels of uncertainty do not meet the
sea level stability requirements for climate change studies.
How to Decide Upon an Appropriate Post-Operative Dressing: 2022
Authors:   Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai West Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA, Horn Callie , Uzor Nicole ,   Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai West Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA, Park So ,   Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai West Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA, Ray Keval ,   Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai West Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA, Saintsing Charles ,   Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai West Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA, Lantis II John ,   Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai West Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
Published: September 2022

In the current era, there are numerous advanced postoperative dressings. The ideal postoperative dressing is one that is thought to improve patient comfort, manage postoperative drainage, potentially allow for visualization of the wound, improve postoperative healing, and possibly reduce bacterial invasion. However, many advanced surgical dressings have shown increased ease of handling and increased patient comfort, but have not shown true superiority with regard to objective criteria. To ease the overall evaluation of such products, we have categorized them as standard of care dressings, engineered dressings, antimicrobial engineered dressings, skin glues and adhesives, and closed incisional negative pressure wound therapy. Among these categories, closed incisional negative pressure wound therapy has repeatedly shown superior subjective and objective outcomes. However, due to cost constraints, this therapy is not ideal for everyone. In many cases, the postoperative dressing should be dictated by the type of surgery, the location of the surgery, and the comorbidities of the patient. The authors will review the appropriate indications for the use of all categories of postoperative dressing and identify specific items that have shown great promise. The current guidelines will also be reviewed.
Monetary and Fiscal Policies for female Entrepreneurship in the Covid-19 Pandemic Era
Authors: Khavarinezhad Sepideh , Biancone Paolo Pietro , Sadraei Razieh
Published: September 2022

The COVID-19 shock led to worsening government financing conditions, especially for entrepreneurship. In the global crisis of the COVID-19 pandemic, governments have launched various measures since March 2020. Because of global risk factors that could put strong downward pressure on EME. The monetary and fiscal policies of emerging economies will be important to create potential safeguards through pre-financing programs to reduce financial constraints for entrepreneurship. Women entrepreneurship has been affected by the Coronavirus epidemic. Women entrepreneurs have to deal with the problems caused by this virus, both economically and in the family. Monetary and fiscal policies have played a pivotal role in supporting the growth of emerging markets at the onset of the epidemic, but as policies have intensified, these favourable winds have begun to blow in the opposite direction. Inflation has risen sharply in many emerging markets due to rising commodity prices (energy and food), base effects, the rapid reopening and rapid recovery of developed markets. In this article, to better track the future growth of women entrepreneurship in emerging economies, we outline the consequences of Covid alongside financial perspectives, commodity prices, and fiscal policies. It also focuses on gender and the effects of this pandemic focus on monetary and fiscal policies to carefully examine its implications for the development of women’s entrepreneurship.
SYNERGIZED THERMAL STABILIZATION EFFECT OF ACID ACCEPTORS ON PEROXIDE CROSSLINKED CHLOROPRENE RUBBER
Authors: Shahroodi Zahra , Katbab Ali Asghar
Published: September 2022

Chloroprene rubber (CR) vulcanizates have been widely used in various industrial applications due to their excellent mechanical properties such as elasticity, elongation at break, and superior resistance to chemicals, flame, atmospheric conditions, aging, oil, and ozone. Because of the specific microstructures of CR, it is mainly vulcanized by metal oxide vulcanizing systems. However, CR undergoes rapid thermal degradation when it is crosslinked by peroxide curing systems at high temperatures. Although peroxide curing systems such as dicumyl peroxide (DCP) have attracted tremendous attention in the vulcanization of various saturated and unsaturated elastomers to achieve high-performance engineering properties, it is avoided for CR due to the occurrence of thermal decomposition, which is catalyzed by hydrochloric acid (HCl) vapors released during crosslinking. In the present work, by exploiting different acid acceptors, attempts have been made to design a vulcanizing system composed of inorganic–organic materials as acid acceptors to increase the potential of hindering the thermal decomposition in the CR phase. The designed system provides an accelerated system with a high crosslink density and mechanical properties comparable to metal oxide cured CR with elongation at break of ∼1000% and tensile strength of 10.3 MPa. The extent of thermal stabilization in the CR phase provided by the designed acid acceptor system was studied with thermogravimetric analysis.
Leukocyte Esterase and Nitrite Urine Reagent Strip Utility Under Altered Assay Conditions in Dogs
Authors: Farris Justin , Camus Melinda S. , Krimer Paula M.
Published: September 2022

The study evaluated leukocyte esterase (LE) and nitrite reagent pad usefulness in canine urine using multiple time endpoints and decision thresholds. Whole and sedimented urine samples from 116 client-owned dogs were analyzed with reagent strips from four manufacturers. Results for LE and nitrite were recorded every 30 s up to 150 s using “trace” and “+” positive thresholds and compared to microscopic urine sediment analysis and culture results. Sedimented urine assessed at 150 s with a “trace” positive threshold for LE had significantly or trending higher sensitivity (brand dependent) for pyuria detection compared with manufacturer recommendations. Using these parameters, LE sensitivity and negative likelihood ratio were 66.67–89.47%, and 0.13–0.37, respectively. Following manufacturer recommendations, LE specificity and positive likelihood ratio were 96.91–100% and 17.02–30.63, respectively. Nitrite performance for pyuria and bacteriuria detection was poor for all conditions. LE reagent pads are a useful screening test for pyuria detection using sedimented urine and a “trace” positive threshold at 150 s, whereas LE use with traditional manufacturer recommendations is a good confirmatory test for pyuria detection. Nitrite reagent pads are not useful for pyuria or bacteriuria detection.
ABLAÇÃO CIRÚRGICA DA FIBRILAÇÃO ATRIAL COM FONTES DE ENERGIA – PARTE II
Authors: Brick Alexandre Visconti , Braile Domingo Marcolino
Published: September 2022

Analisando trabalhos com resultados imediatos (5), o percentual de retorno ao ritmo sinusal variou de 73 a 96%, enquanto os de resultados tardios (20) (a partir de 12 meses) a variação foi 62 a 97,7%. Em ambos, houve consequente melhoria clínica dos pacientes que se submeteram à ablação, independentemente da fonte de energia utilizada. Com a tecnologia atual, a ablação cirúrgica pode ser minimamente invasiva, tornando-se obrigatória a realização de algum procedimento na tentativa de reverter ao ritmo sinusal pacientes que necessitam de cirurgia cardíaca.
CONTRIBUIÇÃO DA POLINIZAÇÃO NA RECUPERAÇÃO DE ÁREAS DEGRADADAS: UMA REVISÃO NARRATIVA
Authors: Paulino Ana Carolina Saldanha , Miranda Yara Campos , Sacramento Patrícia Almeida
Published: September 2022

As atividades humanas impactam o meio ambiente tendo a degradação de áreas vegetadas como uma das principais alterações. Assim, é crescente o uso de técnicas de recuperação que podem se basear em fatores bióticos e abióticos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi, através de uma revisão narrativa, buscar como a polinização pode contribuir com a recuperação de áreas degradadas e a compreensão do equilíbrio entre plantas e agentes polinizadores. Para isso, foi realizada uma busca através da plataforma Web of Science por meio de palavras-chaves específicas limitando para estudos desenvolvidos no Brasil. Foram selecionados 14 artigos, e analisado as seguintes variáveis: o período de publicação; o Qualis das revistas publicadas; a região do país onde os trabalhos foram realizados; tipos de polinizadores; técnicas de recuperação de áreas degradadas utilizadas e análise da polinização na recuperação de áreas degradadas. O período em que mais houve publicações referentes ao tema foi 2021, destacando a região Sudeste com maior concentração de áreas estudadas. Os trabalhos analisados tiveram maior concentração em revistas com Qualis A2 e B1, enfatizando o quão importante e relevante vem sendo tratada tal vertente de estudo. A partir da análise, foi possível chegar ao resultado do quanto a polinização é essencial para a recuperação de áreas degradadas a partir do enriquecimento das interações inter e intraespecíficas aliado ao uso de diferentes técnicas utilizadas para a recuperação de áreas degradadas. Algumas das técnicas incluíram o plantio de espécies, nucleação e regeneração natural, que contribuíram com a recuperação de ecossistemas degradados.
DIVERSIDADE E DISTRIBUIÇÃO DAS HIDROMEDUSAS NA BACIA DE CAMPOS (SUDESTE – BRASIL)
Authors: Silva Paula Keshia Rosa , Nagata Renato Mitsuo , de Oliveira Otto Müller Patrão
Published: September 2022

Para as regiões meso e batipelágicas existem diversas lacunas no conhecimento atual da diversidade de invertebrados. Isso é especialmente recorrente para as hidromedusas. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho visa contribuir no aumento das informações disponíveis para algumas espécies de hidromedusas, a partir de descrições dos padrões de distribuição e composição da comunidade ao longo da coluna de água (0-3000m) da Bacia de Campos (RJ). As amostras são provenientes das campanhas realizadas pelo projeto HABITATS durante os períodos seco e chuvoso de 2009. Foram analisadas 303 amostras brutas, sem nenhum registro novo para o litoral brasileiro. A espécie Aglaura hemistoma foi encontrada em todas as massas de água na região, em ambos os períodos, com significativa contribuição na composição das comunidades em cada massa de água. Conjuntamente, Liriope tetraphylla e Corymorpha gracilis foram espécies indicativas da Água Tropical (AT), enquanto as espécies Sminthea eurygaster e Amphogona apicata foram indicativas da Água Central do Atlântico Sul (ACAS) e Halicreas minimum da Água Intermediária Antártica (AIA).
UTILIZAÇÃO DO GEOPROCESSAMENTO COMO FERRAMENTA DE APOIO PARA A ANÁLISE DA VULNERABILIDADE AMBIENTAL DO MUNICÍPIO DE CRUZEIRO DO OESTE - PR
Authors: dos Santos Marcela Barbosa , Sacramento Patrícia Almeida , Miranda Yara Campos
Published: September 2022

Um conjunto de fatores pode influenciar diretamente na vulnerabilidade ambiental de um local. A declividade, unida a intensificação da ocupação irregular dos ambientes exerce grande influência sobre um ecossistema, podendo acarretar na intensificação de impactos ambientais. A identificação e priorização de áreas de fragilidade facilita o planejamento territorial. Desta forma, o trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a vulnerabilidade ambiental das propriedades rurais do município de Cruzeiro do Oeste – PR. Para tanto, foram utilizados dados do Instituto Água e Terra (IAT) e do Sistema Nacional de Cadastro Ambiental Rural (SICAR), e categorizados com o auxílio do software gratuito de geoprocessamento Qgis. Como resultado, foram identificadas que grande parte das propriedades rurais estavam com cadastro ambiental ativo, somando um total de 99,5%, onde o mapa de uso e ocupação da terra demonstrou uma certa predominância do uso da agricultura no município. Em razão disso, o mapa de vulnerabilidade ambiental constatou, em suma, um alto nível de vulnerabilidade nos entornos dos corpos hídricos, contribuindo com o entendimento da importância da proteção das Áreas de Preservação Permanente, e da necessidade de intensificação de programas que busquem regularizar a situação ambiental das propriedades rurais, priorizando as áreas com maior fragilidade ambiental.
“BERÂET-İ ZİMMET ASILDIR” KAİDESİNİN TEMELLERİ, KAPSAMI VE EVRENSELLİĞİ
Authors: Boran Mustafa
Published: September 2022

Öz
İslam dininin esasları genel olarak iman, amel, ahlak kısımlarına ayrılmıştır. Amel, fıkhın kapsamında ele alınmıştır. Fıkıh da usûl ve füru‘ şeklinde ifade edilen iki yazım türüne sahip olmuştur. Fıkıh ilminin bu yazım türleriyle birçok alt edebi türler ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu alt türlerden birisi de kavâid edebiyatı denilen genel kurallardır. Bu kurallara “küllî kâideler” denilmektedir. Küllî kâidelerin kaynağı dinî naslar, fıkhî miras ve kültürel unsurlardır. İslam hukukundaki genel kurallardan bir tanesi de “Berâet-i zimmet asıldır” kâidesidir. Bu kâideye göre kişi asıl olarak doğuştan, suçsuzdur, borçsuzdur. Bu kural aynı zamanda “Asli berâet ilkesi” olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Kişi suçu ispat edilirse suçlu, borcu ispat edilirse borçlu olur. Kişinin zimmetinin boş olması temel olarak Kur’ân-ı Kerim ve Sünnete dayanmaktadır.
Asli berâet ilkesi ibadetlerde, borçlar hukukunda, ceza hukukunda geçerlidir. İslam hukukunun temel prensiplerinden birisi olan kişinin borçsuzluğu ve suçsuzluğu ilkesi esasen, evrensel bir kuraldır. Bütün hukuk sistemlerinde yeri vardır. İnsan Hakları Evrensel Beyannamesi’nde de mevcuttur. Bu beyannameye göre; kişi kamuya açık olarak suçu ispatlanıncaya kadar suçsuzdur. Kendisini savunma hakkı vardır. Asli berâet ilkesi günümüzde uygulanan hukuk sistemlerinde de mevcuttur. Bu ilkeye güncel hukukta “masumiyet (suçsuzluk) karinesi” denilmektedir.
ABSTRACT
The principles of the religion of Islam are generally separated as faith, deeds and morals. Deeds are covered within the scope of Islamic Law (Fiqh). Islamic Law also has two types of writing: method (usûl) and issue (füru'). Many sub-literary genres have emerged with these writing types of the science of Islamic Law. One of these sub-genres is called regulations (kavaid) literature which is a general rule. These rules are called "universal rules". A person becomes guilty if his guilt is proven, a debtor if his debt is proven, and a sinner if he commits a sin. Contrary to Christianity’s claim about the existence of the original sin, there is no original sin in Islam. If there is doubt about the proof of crime and debt, the situation is evaluated in favor of the accused, in a manner that is essentially based on the Qur'an and the Sunnah.
The principle of “everyone is innocent until proven guilty” is valid in criminal law, in the law of obligations and in worship. This principle is also related to some other general rules as well. It is a universal rule that a person should be essentially debt-free and guilt-free; and this rule has its place in all legal systems. This principle is also present in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. According to this declaration, the person is publicly innocent until proven guilty; and everyone has the right to defend themselves. The principle of essential acquittal is also present in the legal systems applied today. Currently in law, this principle is called “presumption of innocence (guiltlessness)”.
How Qajar Iranian Princess Taj al-Saltana Saw a 19th Century Global Pandemic
Authors: Leong Amanda Caterina
Published: September 2022

Persianate cultures have been greatly influenced by the “mirror for princes” genre, which offers monarchs advice on how to treat their subjects justly and methods of being an ideal ruler. While scholars have chosen to study this genre from a male-centered perspective, how royal women shaped this genre has remained under-examined by current scholarship. This presentation argues that Crowning Anguish: Memoirs of a Persian Princess from the Harem to Modernity (1884-1936) by Iranian Qajar Princess Taj al-Saltana, offers new ways of seeing how women used memoir writing to challenge the dominance of their male counterparts during times of pandemics. As the daughter of Naser al-Din Shah, Princess Taj al-Saltana, was able to carefully document one of the many cholera epidemics that ravaged late 19th century Iran from her unique perspective as a recognized intellectual and activist who advocated constitutionalism, freedom, and women’s rights in Iran. In addition to chronicling a cholera epidemic in Iran over one hundred years ago, Taj al-Saltana’s memoir holds interest for modern scholars interested in her handling of genre conventions, specifically how she indicts the ruling patriarchy of the Qajar government of Iran and its corruption which led to the failure to control cholera in the country, while simultaneously instructing female readers about the conduct of an ideal female ruler to build a healthier Iran. This presentation aims to show the way Crowning Anguish functions as a “mirror for princesses” and how we can come up with better strategies of resistance especially in the age of COVID-19 with the failures of patriarchal governments to stop pandemics.
Challenges Facing Introduction of Communication Skills into Medical Education in Iraq
Authors: Sultan Abdulsalam , Issa Habeeb Sawsan
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Communication skills “CS” have no clear curriculum in most Iraqi medical colleges. This shortcoming of education is reflected in a doctor-centered approach in Iraq.

Aim: To identify challenges facing introduction of CS into medical education in Iraq.

Methods: Feedback form including the main challenges on introducing CS was distributed online to healthcare professionals who have participated in training of CS courses.

Results: Ninety-three healthcare professionals responded; 55 males and 38 females; 46 faculty members and 47 practitioners with part-time teaching. Doctors constituted 92 % of the respondents from different disciplines, and 75.2% had more than 15 years’ experience in practice. Frequency of educational and practical challenges were 40% and 44% respectively. Lack of appropriate curriculum constitutes 42% of educational challenges. Challenges include doctors' training in western models which are difficult to transform the interview into a dialogue that harmonizes Iraqi culture and social barriers (16% of respondents). A biomedical approach (22%) and lack of resources (22%) presented other challenges, while 14% of the participants mentioned high proportion of students to faculty members. Challenges related to practice includes a doctor-centered approach (47%) and neglect of patients' psychosocial needs (30%). Factors related to patients revealed that 46% of the challenges were related to health literacy and 26% to patients’ behavior for seeking medical advice. The presence of more than one person at interview was the most difficult factor for successful interview (14%), in addition to the passive role of the patient during interview (13%). There is no significance statistical difference in challenges in relation to specialty, workplace, sex and years of practice.

Conclusion: Multiple levels of challenges facing introduction of CS into medical education were revealed which need systematic review in the educational curricula and practice of medicine.
Impact on the Physician - A Signature Reflection Dealing with Death
Authors: Verjee Mohamud A
Published: September 2022

Home visits on patients require checks for the request, the illness, the date last seen, current medications, and who the carer is. Globally, especially in the Middle East, cultural awareness and sensitivity are paramount, particularly in palliative care. Family physicians care for terminally ill patients. Often in the last stages, fatigued, dyspneic, anemic, cachectic, relatively anorexic, a patient’s mind may still be needle-sharp. Sincere empathy should never be standardized. Questions should be answered truthfully. No two caring moments are the same, making each interaction unique. In palliative care, the quality of physician conversations can assume wide empathetic dimensions.

Training in family medicine, while thorough, usually provides lighter exposure to cancer patients. The first serious cancer death experience can be stressful for the carer. However, responsibility for palliative care is a reality. There is no respite. In family practice, deaths from cancer are common. Some bête-noirs include multiple myeloma, ovarian, lung, and breast cancer. Intrinsic patient conversations occur after each diagnosis, at the beginning, in between, and in palliation. What vital information needs relaying by the physician? How much is shared with spouses or family relatives, with consent? What impact does that make on both the patient and physician?

Patient self-awareness being near death in terminal illness is common. It is still unsettling. A physician of care considers the choice of a dying patient choosing to stay home. The gain is avoiding moving to a hospital or a hospice in unfamiliar settings. More poignantly, it enables loving care from one’s lifetime partner and family at home.

After death, an exchange of warm words with facial expressions evokes everyone’s emotions. Personal feelings resonate in care, empathy, hope, truth, trust, and professional respect for one another. The end feels more like losing a friend. Such patients are not forgotten; physicians learn from them.

The dead do not suffer pain, only those left behind. Is healing ever complete when looking after sick patients for the practicing physician grappling with professional and personal emotions? How long does that take? Do multiple deaths cumulate the impact? Recovery is part of being resilient, critical in the profession, and feeling vocational compassion satisfaction in work. What if one does not always cope adequately? Is compassion fatigue a danger? Who tends for the wounded carer? When is physician resilience needed most? What keeps physicians motivated? How do they care for themselves and stay well-balanced? Reflections on practice experiences keep life in perspective. Dying patients, subconsciously, are often our best teachers.
Hearing Technologies and Practices of Care in a Jordanian Audiology Department
Authors: Loh Timothy Y.
Published: September 2022

Based on five months of ethnographic fieldwork at an audiology department in Amman, Jordan, this paper anthropologically examines the provision of hearing technologies to deaf Jordanians as forms and practices of care (Livingston, 2012; McKay, 2018; Stevenson, 2014). Aside from hearing aids, the department also provides cochlear implants—medical devices implanted via surgery that aim to provide people with hearing loss with some electronic access to sound—to deaf Jordanians, in partnership with a state-affiliated initiative that has distributed more than 1,170 cochlear implants since its establishment in 2010. I ask: how do deaf Jordanians engage with the cochlear implant and other medical technologies, and the biomedical imaginaries in which they are embedded, within and outside the clinical encounter? The cochlear implant and, to a lesser degree, the hearing aid (Edwards, 2010), was controversial when it was first introduced in North America, where some deaf people saw cochlear implantation as a form of cultural “genocide” (Ladd, 2003; Lane et al., 1996; Padden & Humphries, 1988). The cochlear implant has not only become increasingly normalized in the U.S. (Mauldin, 2016) but has also spread transnationally as a medical technology for deaf people in Japan (Nakamura, 2006), India (Friedner, 2018), Mexico (Pfister, 2019), and elsewhere. As cochlear implants have become more prevalent in Jordan, they have become linked not only to debates about language—as I found during preliminary research in 2019 (Loh, 2022)—but also to broader questions about development (cf. Sargent, 2019b) and political economy in a materially under-resourced context where unemployment rates are high. Based on participant observation at the hospital and interviews with clinicians and patients, I argue that care is a useful analytic tool to understand the ambivalence with which many deaf Jordanians view these technologies, in its doublehanded recognition of how such technologies can be useful developmentally—in potentially providing access to speech and presumably better integration into society—but also problematic socio-politically—in diminishing their sense of belonging to broader deaf collectivities. I draw upon medical anthropology, science and technology studies, and “a disability-centered anthropology of the Middle East” (Sargent, 2019a) to ethnographically demonstrate the social life of these hearing technologies in Jordan.
AGENESIA DO CORPO CALOSO EM CRIANÇA: RELATO DE CASO
Authors: Costa Ruth Silva Lima da , Dos Santos Abigail Stefane Ferreira , Correia Felipe Eduardo Silva , De Holanda Glenda Eva Gomes , De Lima Alessandre Gomes
Published: September 2022

Objetivo: Descrever o relato de caso de agenesia do corpo caloso. Detalhamento do caso: Trata-se de um estudo observacional do tipo descritivo, realizado através dos dados clínicos de uma paciente pediátrica acometida pela agenesia do corpo caloso.  A criança atualmente encontra-se com 7 anos de idade, porém foi diagnosticada com a doença desde os 8 meses, através da correlação do diagnóstico clínico com exames de imagem. Ela apresentou retardo no desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor e déficit cognitivo, dificuldade para comer e engolir e em comunicar-se e socializar-se, além problemas de aprendizagem, que são manifestações clínicas habituais da doença. Tem realizado tratamento com fenobarbital na tentativa de evitar as convulsões, bem como o acompanhamento multiprofissional com médico, fisioterapeuta e fonoaudiólogo para melhorar a força muscular e a coordenação, na tentativa de melhorar sua qualidade de vida. Considerações finais: A pesquisa ressaltou a importância de se tornar mais evidente a doença em questão, a fim de subsidiar o trabalho dos profissionais de saúde frente a ela, através da elaboração de novos estudos com o objetivo de conhecer melhor a patologia, ajudar na prevenção de fatores de risco e melhorar a qualidade de vida dos portadores.
Personal Data Processing in a Digital Educational Environment
Authors:   Laboratory of Digitization – Burgas, Nikolova Evgeniya , Monova-Zheleva Mariya ,   Laboratory of Digitization – Burgas, Zhelev Yanislav ,   Laboratory of Digitization – Burgas
Published: September 2022

New technologies provide innovative spaces for cooperation and communication between employers and employees, citizens and structures, educators, and learners. Data protection issues have always been key to education providers, but the proliferation of online learning forms and formats poses new and unique challenges in this regard. When introducing a new technology that involves the collection of sensitive data, the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) of the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union requires the identification and mitigation of all risks that could lead to the misuse of personal data. The article discusses some critical points regarding the application of GDPR in online learning. The goal of this article is to investigate the vulnerabilities to personal data security during online learning and to identify methods that schools and universities may apply to ensure that personal data are kept private while students utilize online platforms to learn. For the purposes of the research, the published privacy, and data protection policies of all Bulgarian universities as well as papers on how universities could adapt to the new EU General Data Protection Regulation were revised and analysed. Best practices of some foreign universities in this regard were studied as well.
O uso do Canabidiol no tratamento de doenças neurológicas selecionadas: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Martins Schlesner Gabriela , Alba Natali Malagri Claudia , Luciano Gevehr Daniel , Hummes Thaines Aleteia
Published: September 2022

Objetivo: O presente artigo de revisão sistemática tem como objetivo discutir as evidências científicas a respeito do uso do canabidiol (CBD) para tratamento da epilepsia, esclerose múltipla, doença de Alzheimer e doença de Parkinson. Materiais e Métodos: Foram selecionadas 33 publicações entre os anos de 2010 e 2021, em português, inglês e espanhol, das plataformas: Capes, Scielo e PubMed, utizando os seguintes termos de pesquisa: Canabidiol, Epilepsia, Esclerose múltipla, Doença de Alzheimer e Doença de Parkinson. Resultados: Inferiu-se que o canabidiol oferece benefícios terapêuticos e são, geralmente, bem tolerados pelos pacientes portadores de epilepsia e esclerose múltipla.  No caso da doença de Parkinson ainda há muitos pontos a serem elucidados a respeito do mecanismo de ação do fármaco sobre a doença. Já para o mal de Alzheimer ainda não há perspectiva de tratamento com o composto, pois os estudos ainda estão na fase pré-clinica. Conclusões: Destaca-se a necessidade de novos estudos que visem elucidar os pontos ainda não esclarecidos a respeito do canabidiol. Desta forma, as aplicações terapêuticas do composto poderão ser ampliadas.
OPTIMIZATION OF PROBIOTIC FEED ADDITIVE "BENTOBAK" FOR INCREASING PRODUCTIVITY OF FARM ANIMALS
Authors: ГАВРИЛОВА Н.Н. , САДАНОВ А.К. , РАТНИКОВА И.А. , ШОРАБАЕВ Е.Ж. , ОРАЗЫМБЕТ С.Э. , ТАУБЕКОВА Г.К. , КАПТАГАЙ Р.Ж. , КОШЕЛЕВА Л.А. , КЕРЕМБЕКОВА У.Ж. , МУСАБЕКОВ Ж.Т. , ДЖАЙЛАУОВА С.Б.
Published: September 2022

Разработана оптимизированная пробиотическая кормовая добавка «Бентобак» на основе целлюлолитических бактерий Cellulomonas flavigene-22 и пропионовокислых бактерийPropionibacterim. shermanii С-8, превосходящая исходную по антимикробной активности, целлюлолитической активности, содержанию витамина В12, содержанию жизнеспособных бактериальных клеток в жидкой культуре, бактериальной пасте и сухой кормовой добавке. Производственные испытания оптимизированного препарата «Бентобак» при откорме крупного рогатого скота показали, что среднесуточный привес животного составляет от 770 до 1400 г на голову в сутки и зависит от продолжительности приема биопрепарата и породы скота. Анализ мясных продуктов, взятых из крестьянских хозяйств, участвовавших в эксперименте, показал, что все они соответствовали по органолептическим, химическим и микробиологическим показателям мясу крупного рогатого скота по ГОСТ 7269–79. Отсутствие в отобранных образцах мяса сульфата меди и патогенных микроорганизмов также подтверждает их пригодность.

An optimized probiotic feed additive «Bentobak» based on cellulolytic bacteria Cellulomonas flavigene-22 and propionic acid bacteria Propionibacterim has been developed. shermanii S-8 superior in antimicrobial activity, cellulolytic activity, vitamin V12 content, viable bacterial cell content in liquid culture, bacterial paste and dry feed additive. Production tests of the optimized «Bentobak» drug when fattening cattle showed that the average daily animal weight gain is from 770 to 1400 g per head per day and depends on the duration of taking the biologics and livestock breed. Analysis of meat products taken from peasant farms participating in the experiment showed that all of them corresponded to organoleptic, chemical and microbiological indicators of cattle meat according to GOST 7269-79. Another sign of the suitability of meat is the absence of copper sulfate in it in accordance with GOST 23392-78. Meat obtained from peasant farms did not contain microorganisms that cause diseases.
CREATION OF KAZBIOSIL BIOPREPARATION IN LIQUID AND DRY FORM
Authors: ГАВРИЛОВА Н.Н. , САДАНОВ А.К. , РАТНИКОВА И.А. , ШОРАБАЕВ Е.Ж. , ОРАЗЫМБЕТ С.Э. , ТАУБЕКОВА Г.К. , КАПТАГАЙ Р.Ж. , КОШЕЛЕВА Л.А. , КЕРЕМБЕКОВА У.Ж. , МУСАБЕКОВ Ж.Т. , ДЖАЙЛАУОВА С.Б.
Published: September 2022

В результате проведенных исследований разработаны оптимальные питательные среды для культивирования молочнокислых и пропионовокислых батерий при производстве заквасок «Казбиосил». Установлено, что срок годности жидкой закваски при хранении без протектора при температуре 6-8°С составляет 3 месяца со дня изготовления, а с сахарозой или сахарозой в сочетании с желатином в качестве протекторов – 4 месяца. При производстве сухой закваски «Казбиосил» сублимационное высушивание концентрированной с помощью центрифугирования биомассы бактерий проводят с использованием в качестве протекторов 7% сахарозы, 1,5% желатина и 7% сухого обезжиренного молока. В качестве наполнителя при стандартизации сухого концентрата бактерий до необходимого титра рекомендовано использовать сухое обезжиренное молоко или картофельный крахмал. Установлено, что при хранении в холодильнике срок годности сухих препаратов «Казбиосил», приготовленных по разработанной технологии, составляет 12 месяцев со дня изготовления. Показано, что с помощью жидкой и сухой заквасок «Казбиосил» можно получать качественный корм из различного вида растительного сырья.

As a result of the studies, optimal culture media for the cultivation of lactic acid and propionic acid baterias in the production of Kazbiosil starters were developed. The shelf life of the liquid starter during storage without a tread at a temperature of 6-8 ° C is found to be 3 months from the date of manufacture, and with sucrose or sucrose in combination with gelatin as protectors - 4 months. During production of Kazbiosil dry starter, sublimation drying of bacteria biomass concentrated by centrifugation is carried out using 7% sucrose, 1.5% gelatin and 7% defatted milk powder as protectors. It is recommended to use dry defatted milk or potato starch as a filler when standardizing the dry concentrate of bacteria to the required titer. It was established that when stored in a refrigerator, the shelf life of Kazbiosil dry preparations prepared according to the developed technology is 12 months from the date of manufacture. It has been shown that with the help of liquid and dry starter "Kazbiosil" it is possible to obtain high-quality feed from various types of vegetable raw materials.
Impacts of COVID-19 on healthcare workers’ mental and physical health in Arab Countries
Authors: Ali Khaled Qassim Abbas , Mahmud Aidalina , Manaf Rosliza Abdul
Published: September 2022

Background: Healthcare workers are under considerable psychological and physical pressure during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, in Arab countries, a comprehensive analysis of mental and physical health issues among healthcare workers (HCW) during the COVID-19 pandemic is still needed.Therefore, this systematic review aims to identify the mental and physical health impact among HCW in the Arab countries during the pandemic. Materials and Methods: This review was carried out using the PRISMA guidelines. Empirical studies were selected from the following databases PubMed, Scopus databases, Google Scholar, CINAHL (EBSCOhost), and MEDLINE (PubMed). Case reports, duplicate publications, reviews, and family-based studies were excluded. A total of 56 studies from 14 Arab countries reported the mental and physical health of HCW during the COVID-19 pandemic. The distribution of HCW analysed included doctors, nurses, paramedics, administrators and allied health workers. Results: The majority of the studies focused on HCW’s mental health (n=29), four studies focused on physical issues and 23 studies focused on both.The most-reported mental health issues were anxiety, depression, distress, stigmatization, risk of infection, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), while the most reported physical health issues were physical abuse, exposure to the virus, exhaustion, burnout, underachievement, sleep deprivation, low life standard, and financial problems.
MACHINE ACCIDENTS AND PROJECT DELIVERY IN KWAZULU-NATAL CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
Authors:   Durban University of Technology, Olatunji Aiyetan , Chijindu Iruka ,   Durban University of Technology
Published: September 2022

This article identified machine accidents, the number of days lost, cost impact and related accidents in the Construction Industry in the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa. Accidents in the construction industry cause severe challenges to the business. The critical parameters for assessing project deliveries are health and safety, cost, time and project quality. The events of accidents on construction premises sabotages these critical parameters of delivery. The main focus of this article was to determine the significance of lost days and the number of accidents on the cost per accident, using the accident data of KwaZulu-Natal from the year 2000 to 2020. Statistical tests were conducted to determine the significance of the lost days and the number of accidents (independent variables) on the cost per accident (dependent variable). Five statistical tests were used in the analysis of the data and tests were grouped into three classes; regression, correlation and paired sample tests. Regression is subdivided into ANOVA, correlation and model summary test. All five tests display the significance of testing variables. The results revealed that there was a significant relationship between the dependent and the independent variables. There was also a positive relationship between lost days and the average cost per accident. At the same time, there was a negative relationship between the number of accidents and the average cost per accident. The positive B value of lost days mean that it directly influenced the average cost per accident. This means that for every increase in days lost to accidents on the site, the costs increased and vice versa. The negative B of the number of days indicated that accidents did not directly influence the average cost per accident. Further, the machine accidents that most caused fatalities were: motorised equipment, truck, lorries, dumpers, building structures, roof work, scaffoldings and staging and wall projections. It is recommended that workers pay more attention to the sources of accidents while working on site.
Demystifying use of septic tanks for waste water treatment in developing countries
Authors:   University of Zambia, Nanyama Mufalo , Mwanaumo Erastus , Tembo James ,   University of Zambia,   University of Zambia
Published: September 2022

The narrative that septic tanks are agents of ground water pollution, has contributed to the false negative responses that are experienced any time an installation of these tanks is undertaken. To demystify this narrative, it was imperative to explore different perspectives from social-cultural environment to technological one. The study used qualitative multiple case study approach, to review available published literature, surveys and experimental studies on septic tanks. To resolve the challenge of low sanitation coverage that may risk achievement of SDG 6.2, focus should shift from conventional centralised systems to onsite in this case septic tanks. Within the context of septic tanks, dome shaped digesters should be preferred because of structural integrity when tested for deformations, bending moments and shear forces under different combinations of loads. The social perspectives of pollution, caused by septic tanks, should not stand if baseline data on variables such as space, soil formation and strength of material are conducted. To avoid environmental contamination, areas designated for septic tanks should be delineated as such. An inventory of all septic tanks should be kept. Consultants and developers involved in selection of waste water treatment options, should avoid false negative response and focus on empirical results, after delineation. The research findings have indicated that dome shaped digesters as opposed to traditional rectangular septic tanks, should be adopted if developing countries are to improve sanitation coverage.