bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Fundamental Cognitive Taxonomy for Cognition Aids
Authors: McLaughlin Anne Collins , Byrne Vicky E.
Published: May 2020

Objective

This study aimed to organize the literature on cognitive aids to allow comparison of findings across studies and link the applied work of aid development to psychological constructs and theories of cognition.

Background

Numerous taxonomies have been developed, all of which label cognitive aids via their surface characteristics. This complicates integration of the literature, as a type of aid, such as a checklist, can provide many different forms of support (cf. prospective memory for steps and decision support for alternative diagnoses).

Method

In this synthesis of the literature, we address the disparate findings and organize them at their most basic level: Which cognitive processes does the aid need to support? Which processes do they support? Such processes include attention, perception, decision making, memory, and declarative knowledge.

Results

Cognitive aids can be classified into the processes they support. Some studies focused on how an aid supports the cognitive processes demanded by the task (aid function). Other studies focused on supporting the processes needed to utilize the aid (aid usability).

Conclusion

Classifying cognitive aids according to the processes they support allows comparison across studies in the literature and a formalized way of planning the design of new cognitive aids. Once the literature is organized, theory-based guidelines and applied examples can be used by cognitive aid researchers and designers.

Application

Aids can be designed according to the cognitive processes they need to support. Designers can be clear about their focus, either examining how to support specific cognitive processes or improving the usability of the aid.
Differences between homeless and non-homeless people in a matched sample referred for mental health reasons in police custody
Authors: Hopkin Gareth , Chaplin Lucia , Slade Karen , Craster Laura , Valmaggia Lucia , Samele Chiara , Forrester Andrew
Published: May 2020

Introduction:

Homelessness has risen across high-income countries in the last decade, and in the United Kingdom, there has been a drastic increase in people living on the streets. Due to these increases, policy responses from public services are required to address the needs of this group. The risk factors for homelessness and conditions that this group live in mean they are at elevated risk of both mental health problems and contact with the criminal justice system. Despite this, there is little previous research on the homeless in police custody.

Methods:

Our study used a matched sample of homeless ( n = 77) and non-homeless (n = 77) individuals to examine whether there were different needs across this group and whether the responses of a criminal justice mental health service differ for this group. This study is a secondary data analysis of a more extensive study.

Results:

Homeless and non-homeless detainees referred to the mental health service were broadly similar. However, differences in some variables show that homeless detainees had higher rates and frequency of substance misuse as well as some suggestion of more acute immediate need. Onward referrals were lower for homeless people, and it is not clear why this is the case. In addition, for those referred contact with services over time was reduced compared to the non-homeless group.

Discussion:

Our findings indicate that mental health services in police custody may need adaptations to ensure homeless individuals’ higher level of need is addressed and that they receive appropriate care both during and after detention. Further quantitative and qualitative research is needed to confirm why responses differ and to assess what can be done to address this issue.
The influence of team members’ motivation and leaders’ behaviour on scientific knowledge sharing in universities
Authors: Ballesteros-Rodríguez José Luis , De Saá-Pérez Petra , García-Carbonell Natalia , Martín-Alcázar Fernando , Sánchez-Gardey Gonzalo
Published: May 2020

This article aims to analyse the influence of team members’ motivation and leaders’ behaviour on knowledge sharing among the academics of a research project team. To that end, a study of 678 academic researchers belonging to project teams linked to several Spanish universities was conducted. Hierarchical regression analysis was used to analyse the data, and the results reveal that leaders with a knowledge-oriented style have a positive influence on the knowledge shared among the members of their research team. Nevertheless, and contrary to expectations, the results also show that academics’ extrinsic motivation has a negative effect on knowledge sharing, while intrinsic motivation has no effect. The findings are similar when considering the scientific field. This article makes an important contribution to the knowledge management literature in the particular context of academic research. It reveals the importance of a knowledge-oriented leadership style as a key determinant of knowledge sharing within research teams.
An Internet-Based Intervention for Individuals With Social Anxiety and Different Levels of Taijin Kyofusho in China
Authors: Lin Ling-Yu , Wang Kan , Kishimoto Tomoko , Rodriguez Marcus , Qian Mingyi , Yang Yin , Zhao Qingxue , Berger Thomas , Tian Chenghua
Published: May 2020

The aim of the present study is to investigate the efficacy of internet-based cognitive behavior therapy (ICBT) for individuals with social anxiety (SA) and different levels of Taijin Kyofusho (TKS) in China. The ICBT program was translated into Chinese with some specific contents adapted for Chinese culture. Participants ( N = 80) with SA were assigned either to a treatment ( n = 55) or control group ( n = 25). Both groups were further divided into subgroups, based on their Taijin Kyofusho Scale (TKSS) scores. Participants in the ICBT treatment group reported significant posttreatment reductions in Social Interaction Anxiety Scale and Social Phobia Scale scores, relative to participants in the control group. In addition, participants in the treatment group with higher pretreatment TKS levels showed significantly greater reductions in TKSS scores. Results suggest that ICBT is a promising approach for the treatment of individuals with SA both with and without features of TKS. Clinical and cross-cultural implications, mechanisms of change, limitations, and future directions are discussed.
Status Variation in Anticipatory Stressors and Their Associations with Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Grace Matthew K.
Published: May 2020

Members of structurally disadvantaged social groups report more frequent exposure to a variety of negative life events and chronic strains, yet little research has examined whether similar patterns exist for anticipatory stressors, or challenging circumstances that loom as potential threats in the future. This study uses data collected as part of a national survey of college seniors (N = 995) to examine how anticipatory stress regarding economic and residential security, exposure to traumatic events, and experiences of discrimination vary by gender identity, race-ethnicity, sexual orientation, and first-generation college student status. Consistent with stress theory, anticipatory stressors are more commonly reported by members of disadvantaged groups. Notably, variation in anticipatory stressors explains a nontrivial proportion of differences in depressive symptoms found across gender identity and sexual orientation categories. Findings signal the necessity of incorporating anticipatory stressors into research in the stress paradigm to further disentangle the contributions of social stressors to health disparities.
Negative Reviews, Positive Impact: Consumer Empathetic Responding to Unfair Word of Mouth
Authors: Allard Thomas , Dunn Lea H. , White Katherine
Published: May 2020

This research documents how negative reviews, when perceived as unfair, can activate feelings of empathy toward firms that have been wronged. Six studies and four supplemental experiments provide converging evidence that this experienced empathy for the firm motivates supportive consumer responses such as paying higher purchase prices and reporting increased patronage intentions. Importantly, this research highlights factors that can increase or decrease empathy toward a firm. For instance, adopting the reviewer’s perspective when evaluating an unfair negative review can reduce positive consumer responses to a firm, whereas conditions that enhance the ability to experience empathy—such as when reviews are highly unfair, when the identity of the employee is made salient, or when the firm responds in an empathetic manner—can result in positive consumer responses toward the firm. Overall, this work extends the understanding of consumers’ responses to word of mouth in the marketplace by highlighting the role of perceived (un)fairness. The authors discuss the theoretical and practical implications of the findings for better management of consumer reviews.
Surrogacy and the law: Possible reforms
Authors: Samuels Alec
Published: May 2020

A consideration of the concept, law and practice of surrogacy, and the merits and demerits of the concept. A discussion of payments, foreign surrogacies, delay in finality, and the need for control and regulation.
(What is left of) secularization? Debate on Jörg Stolz’s article on Secularization theories in the 21st century: ideas, evidence, and problems
Authors: Gauthier François
Published: May 2020

This article is a critical response to Jörg Stolz’s 2019 ISSR presidential address as to the advances made by secularization research over the last 20 years. The article argues that the data presented can be boiled down to confirming what we already knew: the decline of ‘churched’ religion. Sketching a radical epistemological, methodological and empirical critique, it argues that the seven areas of ‘advances’ discussed in the presidential address erode into near insignificance. Because this quantitative research compartmentalizes religion and lacks solid contextualization in the world we live in, it completely overlooks the massive qualitative changes that have been reconfiguring religion on a global scale, and which can be understood as the result of the erosion of the nation-state container at the hands of economic globalization and the massification of neoliberal and consumer dynamics and the consequent substantial changes in global societies, well beyond the West.
STP at 75: Conferences and Programming
Authors: Noble Linda M.
Published: May 2020

As part of the exploration of the Society for the Teaching of Psychology (STP)’s history, subsets of STP leaders participated in panel discussions on various topics that represent areas of dramatic change and evolution over the last 25 years. This panel focused on conferences and programming and the role these topics played in advancing the mission of STP.
Management of the Temporal Bone Fibrous Dysplasia With External Auditory Canal Stenosis and Secondary Cholesteatoma in an Asian Population: A 11-Case Series
Authors: Zhang Kun , Qu Peng , Wang Bing , Zhang Endong , Chen Bing
Published: May 2020

Objective:

This article summarizes the experience of diagnosis and treatment of temporal bone fibrous dysplasia (FD) with external auditory canal (EAC) stenosis and secondary cholesteatoma in the Chinese population, in order to improve the quality of life of patients in the future.

Methods:

Eleven patients with FD of the temporal bone who underwent surgery were retrospectively reviewed.

Results:

All lesions originated from the temporal bone, and all involved of the EAC. There were 11 cases of cholesteatoma in the EAC, 4 cases of cholesteatoma in the middle ear. The most common symptoms were hearing loss (100%), tinnitus (36.4%), and otorrhea (36.4%). Two patients were severe-profound sensorineural hearing loss, and one patient was complicated with subperiosteal abscesses. All 11 patients underwent surgery. There were no perioperative complications in this series and median follow-up time was 4.2 years.

Conclusion:

Temporal bone FD remains a rare diagnosis, especially in the Asian population. The lesions mainly lead to stenosis of the EAC, especially at the osteochondral junction. Cholesteatoma is the main complication of this disease, which is secondary to occlusion of the EAC with the growth of the lesion. Canaloplasty of EAC combined with wide meatoplasty can provide excellent prognosis in most cases.
“Yes, But Somebody Has to Help Them, Somehow:” Looking at the Italian Detention Field through the Eyes of Professional Nonstate Actors
Authors: Esposito Francesca , Ornelas José , Scirocchi Silvia , Tomai Manuela , Di Napoli Immacolata , Arcidiacono Caterina
Published: May 2020

Although migration-related detention has proliferated around the world, little is known about life inside these sites of confinement for illegalized non-citizens. Building on 34 months of fieldwork, this article examines the lived experiences of center staff and external civil-society actors engaged within Rome’s detention center. We discuss the emotional, ethical, and political challenges faced by these professional actors in their everyday work and their relationship with detainees. Our aim is to shed light on psychosocial life in detention and the intersections between humanitarian and security logics in this setting. In doing so, we problematize the idea that “humanizing detention” can be a solution for change.
A Methodological Review of Research Syntheses Involving Reading Interventions for Students With Emotional and Behavioral Disorders
Authors: Chitiyo Argnue , King Seth A. , Krizon Margaret D. , Ablakwa Cephas N. , Markelz Andrew M.
Published: May 2020

Students with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD) exhibit problem behaviors that potentially result in lower performance in reading and related content areas. Researchers and policy makers have increasingly emphasized the need for evidence-based practices (EBPs) in reading. However, conclusions made regarding the effectiveness of the interventions strongly depend on the rigor of systematic reviews and meta-analyses used to identify intervention research. This article applied a set of established quality indicators to literature reviews of reading instruction for children with EBD. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses published in refereed journals between 1996 and 2018 were eligible for inclusion. Identified reviews ( n = 17) generally exhibited a range of methodological strengths; however, authors did not consistently describe coding procedures or assess the quality of primary studies. Implications for the identification of EBP follow a discussion of findings.
Successful use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in acute respiratory distress syndrome following accidental chlorine gas inhalation at a swimming pool
Authors: Harischandra Tolusha , Withanaarachchi Kapilani , Piyasiri Bhagya , Wickramasuriya Hesaru , Piyasiri Gihan , Firmin Richard
Published: May 2020

While there is evidence to support the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in acute respiratory distress syndrome due to a variety of causes, its use in chlorine gas–induced acute respiratory distress syndrome has not been described in the English medical literature. We present a young girl who had severe acute respiratory distress syndrome following exposure to chlorine gas during the disinfection process at a swimming pool. She failed conventional management and underwent venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Despite multiple infections and a pneumothorax, she eventually recovered. Chlorine gas was the first agent of chemical warfare which caused a massive death toll during the First World War. Even today, the chemical is produced in large quantities and the threat of a large-scale leak is ever-present from industrial accidents or terrorist attacks. The criteria to assess and manage chlorine gas–induced acute respiratory distress syndrome are likely to be the same as for other causes of acute respiratory distress syndrome and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation can be used successfully.
Participation in and outcomes from a 12-month tailored exercise programme for people with multiple sclerosis (MSTEP©): a randomized trial
Authors: Mayo Nancy E , Mate Kedar KV , Reid Ryan , Duquette Pierre , Lapierre Yves , Barclay Ruth , Bayley Mark , Bartlett Susan , Andersen Ross
Published: May 2020

Objective:

To estimate, among people with multiple sclerosis, the extent to which a personally tailored exercise programme (MSTEP©) resulted in greater improvements in exercise capacity and related outcomes over 12 months in comparison with general exercise guidelines.

Design:

Two-group randomized trial.

Subjects:

Ambulatory and sedentary.

Interventions:

MSTEP©, a personally adapted exercise regimen done on most days including two days of high intensity exercise; guidelines recommending 30 minutes of moderate intensity aerobic and strength training two times per week.

Main measures:

Primary outcome was peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) at 12 months; secondary outcomes were composite measures of physical function, fatigue, and health-related quality of life.

Results:

In total, 137 people were randomized, 66 were lost over 12 months leaving 71 with outcome data, 34 in MSTEP© group, and 37 in the Guideline group. Exercise enjoyment and confidence and exercise-induced fatigue predicted retention. There were no differences between groups on the proportion making a 10% increase in VO2peak (27.1% MSTEP© vs 29.6% Guidelines; OR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.23–3.08) by the 12 month assessment. The effect on fatigue was larger in the MSTEP© group than the Guideline groups (OR: 1.59; 95% CI: 0.93–2.74), the effect on physical function was more modest (OR: 1.35; 95% CI: 0.80–2.25), and null for health-related quality of life outcomes.

Conclusions:

The disappointing exercise retention suggests that people with multiple sclerosis may not consider exercise important to their brain health. Either type of exercise resulted in stable exercise capacity over 1 year in those sticking with the programme.
Temporal dissociation of phencyclidine: Induced locomotor and social alterations in rats using an automated homecage monitoring system – implications for the 3Rs and preclinical drug discovery
Authors: Mitchell Emma J , Brett Ros R , Armstrong J Douglas , Sillito Rowland R , Pratt Judith A
Published: May 2020

Background:

Rodent behavioural assays are widely used to delineate the mechanisms of psychiatric disorders and predict the efficacy of drug candidates. Conventional behavioural paradigms are restricted to short time windows and involve transferring animals from the homecage to unfamiliar apparatus which induces stress. Additionally, factors including environmental perturbations, handling and the presence of an experimenter can impact behaviour and confound data interpretation. To improve welfare and reproducibility these issues must be resolved. Automated homecage monitoring offers a more ethologically relevant approach with reduced experimenter bias.

Aim:

To evaluate the effectiveness of an automated homecage system at detecting locomotor and social alterations induced by phencyclidine (PCP) in group-housed rats. PCP is an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist commonly utilised to model aspects of schizophrenia.

Methods:

Rats housed in groups of three were implanted with radio frequency identification (RFID) tags. Each homecage was placed over a RFID reader baseplate for the automated monitoring of the social and locomotor activity of each individual rat. For all rats, we acquired homecage data for 24 h following administration of both saline and PCP (2.5 mg/kg).

Results:

PCP resulted in significantly increased distance travelled from 15 to 60 min post injection. Furthermore, PCP significantly enhanced time spent isolated from cage mates and this asociality occured from 60 to 105 min post treatment.

Conclusions:

Unlike conventional assays, in-cage monitoring captures the temporal duration of drug effects on multiple behaviours in the same group of animals. This approach could benefit psychiatric preclinical drug discovery through improved welfare and increased between-laboratory replicability.
From Industrial Policy to National Industrial Strategy: An Emerging Global Phenomenon
Authors: Hemphill Thomas A.
Published: May 2020

In February 2019, the German federal government announced its new “National Industry Strategy 2030.” Many economies—including the United Kingdom (2017), European Union (2017), and Saudi Arabia (2018)—have announced national industrial strategies addressing the competitive threat of the People’s Republic of China’s 2015 “Made in China 2025” 5-year economic plan to become a global leader in 10 advanced technology manufacturing sectors. The use of the 20th-century term “industrial policy” heralds back to public policy antecedents of what is now evolving globally in the 21st century as national “industrial strategy,” a concept explored in this article. Unlike traditional 20th-century efforts at industrial policy (which focused on public policy efforts to maintain domestic primacy of declining, older industries), national industrial strategy recognizes (and generally accepts) the international global economy as a foundation of competition. Most importantly, national industrial strategy focuses on technologically emerging industries as well as the national government working collaborative in a partnership with these emerging industries to meet future growth challenges and opportunities.
Optimized lactoferrin as a highly promising treatment for intracerebral hemorrhage: Pre-clinical experience
Authors: Zhao Xiurong , Kruzel Marian , Ting Shun-Ming , Sun Guanghua , Savitz Sean I , Aronowski Jaroslaw
Published: May 2020

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the deadliest form of stroke for which there is no effective treatment, despite an endless number of pre-clinical studies and clinical trials. The obvious therapeutic target is the neutralization of toxic products of red blood cell (RBC) lysis that lead to cytotoxicity, inflammation, and oxidative damage. We used rigorous approaches and translationally relevant experimental ICH models to show that lactoferrin-(LTF)-based monotherapy is uniquely robust in reducing brain damage after ICH. Specifically, we designed, produced, and pharmacokinetically/toxicologically characterized an optimized LTF, a fusion of human LTF and the Fc domain of human IgG (FcLTF) that has a 5.8-fold longer half-life in the circulation than native LTF. Following dose-optimization studies, we showed that FcLTF reduces neurological injury caused by ICH in aged male/female mice, and in young male Sprague Dawley (SD) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). FcLTF showed a remarkably long 24-h therapeutic window. In tissue culture systems, FcLTF protected neurons from the toxic effects of RBCs and promoted microglia toward phagocytosis of RBCs and dead neurons, documenting its pleotropic effect. Our findings indicate that FcLTF is safe and effective in reducing ICH-induced damage in animal models used in this study.
Recollections: Dr. Robert F. Lusch
Authors: Varadarajan Rajan
Published: May 2020

Recollections: Dr. Robert F. Lusch by Rajan Varadarajan.
Surveillance of small, solid pulmonary nodules at digital chest tomosynthesis: data from a cohort of the pilot Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS)
Authors: Meltzer Carin , Fagman Erika , Vikgren Jenny , Molnar David , Borna Eivind , Beni Maral Mirzai , Brandberg John , Bergman Bengt , Båth Magnus , Johnsson Åse A
Published: May 2020

Background

Digital tomosynthesis (DTS) might be a low-dose/low-cost alternative to computed tomography (CT).

Purpose

To investigate DTS relative to CT for surveillance of incidental, solid pulmonary nodules.

Material and Methods

Recruited from a population study, 106 participants with indeterminate solid pulmonary nodules on CT underwent surveillance with concurrently performed CT and DTS. Nodule size on DTS was assessed by manual diameter measurements and semi-automatic nodule segmentations were independently performed on CT. Measurement agreement was analyzed according to Bland–Altman with 95% limits of agreement (LoA). Detection of nodule volume change > 25% by DTS in comparison to CT was evaluated with receiver operating characteristics (ROC).

Results

A total of 81 nodules (76%) were assessed as measurable on DTS by two independent observers. Inter- and intra-observer LoA regarding change in average diameter were ± 2 mm. Calculation of relative volume change on DTS resulted in wide inter- and intra-observer LoA in the order of ± 100% and ± 50%. Comparing relative volume change between DTS and CT resulted in LoA of –58% to 67%. The area under the ROC curve regarding the ability of DTS to detect volumetric changes > 25% on CT was 0.58 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.40–0.76) and 0.50 (95% CI = 0.35–0.66) for the two observers.

Conclusion

The results of the present study show that measurement variability limits the agreement between DTS and CT regarding nodule size change for small solid nodules.
Coastal dune mobility over the past century: A global review
Authors: Gao Jinjuan , Kennedy David M , Konlechner Teresa M
Published: May 2020

The mobility of coastal dunes is characterised by bio-geomorphological responses related to change in boundary conditions, particularly sediment supply, wind and vegetation cover, as well as human activities. There remains uncertainty regarding the relative importance of these drivers on dune mobility at a global scale. In this study, trends and dominant drivers of coastal dune mobility are synthesised through the literature review focusing on shifts in dune mobility over the last century (1870–2018). In total, 176 individual dunes, with 55 dunes from the Europe-Mediterranean area, 23 from Africa, 30 from North America, 23 from South America, 20 from Oceania and 23 from Asia, are reviewed in this work. The results show that there is a worldwide trend of dune stabilisation, with 93% (164 out of 176) of the reviewed sites showing a loss of bare sand area due to an increase in vegetation cover and urbanisation expansion. Multiple factors have contributed to the stabilisation process, including (a) land-use change such as the change of traditional farming practises, coastal urbanisation and tourism development; (b) dune stabilisation projects; (c) sediment decline caused by the riverine and coastal constructions; and (d) change in climate (i.e. the decrease in windiness, and the increase in temperature and rainfall) and storms. Our results suggest human intervention played a dominant role in altering dune mobility for most dunes during the past century, while climate and storms are also important drivers, especially for dune sites with limited human activities.
Team adaptation and the changing nature of work: Lessons from practice, evidence from research, and challenges for the road ahead
Authors: Rico Ramon , Gibson Cristina , Sanchez-Manzanares Miriam , Clark Mark A.
Published: May 2020

As the fabric of modern organizations, teams provide capacity to handle the ongoing adaptation demanded by contexts that characterize the future of work. While scholars have studied how team composition and structural characteristics facilitate team adaptation, both research and practice will benefit from also explicating the process of adapting—how a team’s active coping determines team adaptation over time. To move in this direction, we integrate perspectives on team adaptation which emphasize how teams understand complex environments and combine coordination processes to reach adaptive outcomes. This clarifies when, why, and how teams adapt, yielding performance benefits for organizations. Our goal is to offer evidence-based insights and theoretical reasoning to foster future research explaining the team adaptation–performance connection in current complex and changing work environments.

JEL classification: L2
Local and standardized strategies: A content analysis of newspaper food and beverage advertising in Jamaica
Authors: Ahn Regina Jihea , Nelson Michelle R. , Ferguson Gail M.
Published: May 2020

Globalization has led to changes in diets and advertising linked to audience preferences. This study examines local and global brand food and beverage advertising in Jamaican newspapers. Content analysis of 440 advertisements revealed the predominance of global fast-food brands, often including soda. Healthier foods were found in one in 10 ads. Information cues included taste, quality, and price, yet 14% of ads featured only a product image/logo. Advertisements reflected standardized and local strategies.
Conjugating heparin, Arg–Glu–Asp–Val peptide, and anti-CD34 to the silanic Mg–Zn–Y–Nd alloy for better endothelialization
Authors: Wu Yuxiang , Chang Lei , Li Jingan , Wang Liguo , Guan Shaokang
Published: May 2020

Magnesium alloy is generally accepted as a potential cardiovascular stent material due to its good mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and biodegradability, and has become one of the research hotspots in this field. However, too fast degradation rate and delayed surface endothelialization have been the bottleneck of further application of magnesium alloy stent. In this study, we selected Mg–Zn–Y–Nd, a kind of biodegradable magnesium alloy for cardiovascular stent, and passivated its surface by alkali heat treatment and silane treatment to improve the corrosion resistance, subsequently conjugated Arg–Glu–Asp–Val (REDV) peptide and anti-CD34 to promote endothelial cells adhesion and capture endothelial progenitor cells respectively, further improving surface endothelialization. In addition, the heparin was also immobilized to the Mg–Zn–Y–Nd surface for the consideration of anti-coagulation and anti-inflammation. Systematic material characterization and biological evaluation show that we have successfully developed this composite surface on Mg–Zn–Y–Nd alloy, and achieved multiple functions such as corrosion resistance, promoting endothelialization, and inhibiting platelet/macrophage adhesion.
The Dark Triad and Sexual Assertiveness Predict Sexual Coercion Differently in Men and Women
Authors: Lyons Minna , Houghton Emma , Brewer Gayle , O’Brien Freya
Published: May 2020

Sexual coercion is a global problem that has been studied widely with regard to various characteristics of the perpetrators. The Dark Triad of personality (i.e., narcissism, Machiavellianism, and primary and secondary psychopathy) has been indicated as an important predictor of coercive cognitions and behaviors. In this study, we report findings of an online study ( N = 208), exploring the relationship between sexual coercion, the Dark Triad, and sexual assertiveness (i.e., strategies for achieving sexual autonomy). We found that the Dark Triad was a stronger predictor of sexual coercion in men than in women. In men, all the Dark Triad components were significantly, positively correlated with sexual coercion, and narcissism and Machiavellianism had significant, negative correlations with sexual assertiveness. In women, only narcissism had a significant, positive correlation with sexual coercion, and the Dark Triad traits were not correlated with sexual assertiveness. In regression analyses, controlling for shared variance between the predictor variables, high secondary psychopathy, and low sexual assertiveness emerged as significant predictors of coercion in men. Only narcissism was a significant positive predictor in women. We discuss the results with a reference to evolutionary Life History theory.
The Effect of Left-Behind Experience and Self-Esteem on Aggressive Behavior in Young Adults in China
Authors: Yu Bang-Lin , Li Juan , Liu Wei , Huang Sheng-Hai , Cao Xiu-Jing
Published: May 2020

There is little investigation on the independent effects of left-behind experience (LBE) on self-esteem and aggressive behavior in Chinese young adult populations, or the interaction effects of LBE and self-esteem on aggressive behavior. Thus, a school-based health survey was conducted in Anhui province in China in 2017. A total of 4,154 college students completed standard questionnaires which contain details of left-behind–related characters, self-esteem, aggressive behavior, and sociodemographic profile. Of included students, 55.3% were those with LBE (LBEs). Compared to students without left-behind experiences (NLBEs), LBEs had significantly increased scores of aggressive behavior and decreased score of self-esteem. The increased aggression in LBEs was highly related to longer left-behind duration, younger age of left-behind for the first time, and decreased self-esteem. On the other side, the aggressive behavior was demonstrated negatively correlated with self-esteem in both LBEs and NLBEs. There was an interaction effect of left-behind duration and self-esteem on physical aggression and of frequency of contacting with parents and self-esteem on verbal aggression. Besides, the interaction of primary caregiver and self-esteem on hostility and aggression toward self were also observed, respectively. Our results indicated LBEs and low self-esteem are associated with increased risk of aggressive behavior in Chinese young adults. The increased aggressive behavior in LBEs were highly related to longer left-behind duration, younger age of left-behind for the first time and decreased self-esteem. In those LBEs with some certain left-behind–related characters, aggressive behavior decreased more prominently with the increase of self-esteem. Strategies to improve self-esteem, particularly among young adults who have certain characters of LBE, should be a significant component of prevention and interventions of aggressive behavior.
Faculty Perceptions of Expertise for Inclusive Education for Students With Significant Disabilities
Authors: Kurth Jennifer A. , Allcock Heather , Walker Virginia , Olson Amy , Taub Deborah
Published: May 2020

Teacher preparation for inclusive education of students with significant disabilities requires an understanding of the requisite skills and dispositions to be taught during the teacher preparation period. Given the relative scarcity of inclusive placements for this population, as well as limited research-based teacher preparation practices to promote inclusive education, a Delphi study was completed to query expert faculty on the priority skills and activities used in teacher preparation. Consensus emerged through the Delphi study over three rounds of surveys to faculty, centering on essential skills of special education teachers, practices used by faculty to teach and evaluate these skills, and conditions that support and constrain teacher development of these essential skills. Although faculty largely supported research-based practices, new areas emerged, including teacher leadership skills. Implications for research and practice are included.
Associations of Health Literacy and Menu-Labeling Usage With Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Intake Among Adults in Mississippi, 2016
Authors: Lee Seung Hee , Zhang Lei , Rubin Donald L. , Park Sohyun
Published: May 2020

Purpose:

Examine association of health literacy (HL) and menu-labeling (ML) usage with sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake among adults in Mississippi.

Design:

Quantitative, cross-sectional study.

Setting:

2016 Mississippi Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data.

Participants:

Adults living in Mississippi (n = 4549).

Measures:

Outcome variable was SSB intake (regular soda, fruit drinks, sweet tea, and sports/energy drinks). Exposure variables were 3 HL questions (find information, understand oral information, and understand written information) and ML usage among adults who eat at fast-food/chain restaurants (user, nonuser, and do not notice ML).

Analysis:

Multinomial logistic regressions were used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for SSB intake ≥1 time/d (reference: 0 times/d) associated with HL and ML.

Results:

In Mississippi, 46.8% of adults consumed SSB ≥1 time/d, and 26.9% consumed ≥2 times/d. The odds of consuming SSBs ≥1 time/d were higher among adults with lower HL (aOR = 1.7; 95% CI = 1.3-2.2) than those with higher HL. Among adults who ate at fast-food/chain restaurants, the odds of consuming SSBs ≥1 time/d were higher among nonusers of ML (aOR = 2.3; 95% CI = 1.7-3.1) and adults who did not notice ML (aOR = 1.8; 95% CI = 1.3-2.6) than ML users.

Conclusion:

Adults with lower HL and adults who do not use or notice ML consumed more SSBs in Mississippi. Understanding why lower HL and no ML usage are linked to SSB intake could guide the design of interventions to reduce SSB intake in this population.
The Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia Phenocopy Syndrome: A Review
Authors: Power Clodagh , Lawlor Brian A.
Published: May 2020

Objectives:

The relatively recent identification of a subgroup of patients with apparent behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) that fails to progress with time has led to a reevaluation of our understanding of bvFTD, and a growing body of research that attempts to characterize the mimic or “phenocopy” syndrome. In this article, we review the literature relating to the phenocopy syndrome, focusing in particular on distinguishing characteristics and potential etiologies.

Methods:

Published articles were identified via a systematic search of PubMed and Embase. Observational and interventional studies, case reports, and case series were sought for inclusion.

Results:

While bvFTD and the phenocopy syndrome are clinically indistinguishable at initial presentation, the presence or absence of characteristic changes on neuroimaging predicts 2 very different illness trajectories. The etiology for the phenocopy presentation remains uncertain. It is likely that the syndrome represents a heterogenous assortment of clinical frontal syndromes encompassing atypical neurodegenerative, psychiatric, psychological, and as yet unknown neuropsychiatric causes.

Conclusions:

Although the prognosis of the phenocopy syndrome is generally held to be more favorable than that of bvFTD, patients and families are subject to major disruption in their relationships and social and occupational functioning. Early recognition is crucial to facilitate timely interventions aimed at maintaining relationships, roles, and quality of life of those affected.
Tensile properties and fire residue morphology of flame-retarded-polypropylene composites
Authors: Liang Ji-Zhao
Published: May 2020

The polypropylene (PP) composites filled with flame retardants (including aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3), magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2), and zinc borate (ZB)) were prepared, and the composites were separately loaded with polyolefin elastomer (POE) and nanometer calcium carbonate (nano-CaCO3). The tensile properties and the fire residue morphology of the specimens after burning for these three groups of composites were measured. The results were shown that the tensile fracture strength and the Young’s modulus increased while the tensile yield strength and the tensile elongation at break ( δb) decreased with increasing flame-retardant volume fraction. At the same flame-retardant content, the δb values of the PP/Al(OH)3/Mg(OH)2/ZB/nano-CaCO3/POE composite were the highest in the three groups of composites. The fire residue in the pyrolysis zone of the specimens increased corresponding to the increased flame-retardant volume fraction and with loading the nano-CaCO3 and POE, especially at low-flame-retardant concentration. The reinforcing and the flame-retarded mechanisms of the composites were discussed.
Listening to the Heart or the Head? Exploring the “Willingness Versus Ability” Succession Dilemma
Authors: Richards Melanie , Kammerlander Nadine , Zellweger Thomas
Published: May 2020

Incumbents typically seek a highly committed and at the same time highly competent child as a successor, yet such a candidate is often not available. Extant literature is unable to predict which desired attribute—commitment (i.e., willingness) or competence (i.e., ability)—is most important in this dilemma. Drawing from institutional logics literature, we suggest that the incumbent’s personal experiences, education, and cultural embeddedness, as much as firm-level situational stimuli, direct incumbent attention to either corporate logic, favoring competence, or family logic, favoring commitment, to guide decision-making about which family member to choose as a successor. We test our hypotheses using policy capturing with responses of 1,060 family firm owner-managers, and contribute to research on succession, family firms, and institutional logics.
Family Social Capital in the Family Firm: A Taxonomic Classification, Relationships With Outcomes, and Directions for Advancement
Authors: Sanchez-Ruiz Paul , Daspit Joshua J. , Holt Daniel T. , Rutherford Matthew W.
Published: May 2020

The unique form of social capital among family involved in the business, or family social capital (FSC), has both positive and negative effects on the family firm. To better understand how FSC exists across family firms and advance related theory, we develop a taxonomy of FSC. Using configuration analyses on two samples of family firms, we find that three clusters of family firms exist, which include firms with Instrumental, Identifiable, and Indistinguishable FSC. The specific configurations of each cluster are noted, and effects on economic and noneconomic outcomes are identified to advance understanding of the heterogeneous nature of family firms.
The Effect of Value Congruence Between Founder and Successor on Successor’s Willingness: The Mediating Role of the Founder–Successor Relationship
Authors: Lee Jean S. K. , Zhao Guozhen , Lu Feifei
Published: May 2020

Drawing from social exchange theory, this article explores the founder–successor relationship quality as a mediated pathway in examining the effects of founder–successor value congruence on successor’s willingness to take over the business. Based on survey data from 102 founder–successor dyads, polynomial regression analysis shows that when both a founder and a successor have high value congruence in family prosperity, the relationship quality will be enhanced, which leads to higher successor’s willingness. When there is value incongruence between a founder and a successor, the successor’s family prosperity value has a more important impact on the founder–successor relationship and successor’s willingness.
The Contact-Hitting R&D Strategy of Family Firms in the Japanese Pharmaceutical Industry
Authors: Asaba Shigeru , Wada Tetsuo
Published: May 2020

This article addresses the following question: How do family firms investing less in research and development (R&D) than nonfamily firms compete in R&D intensive industries? Using Japanese pharmaceutical industry data, we found that family firms produce more patents per R&D than nonfamily firms but are not biased toward low-value innovations. Further analyses of the distribution over innovation value suggested that family firms adopt a “contact-hitting R&D strategy,” avoiding radical innovations and pursuing incremental innovations compatible with their signature moves: innovation through tradition and narrow and internal search and resulting in may low-value innovations and a few mid or high-value innovations.
What Do We Know About Business Families? Setting the Stage for Leveraging Family Science Theories
Authors: Combs James G. , Shanine Kristen K. , Burrows Sarah , Allen Jared S. , Pounds Troy W.
Published: May 2020

Researchers recently pointed to family science as one avenue for better understanding business families. We submit, however, that leveraging family science will require building on what researchers have already learned, often without the benefit of family science theories. Thus, we review progress from studies that investigate links between business family attributes and family firms and integrate our review with descriptions of family science theories that pertain to each attribute. By pairing what is known about different business family attributes with the appropriate family science theories, our hope is to accelerate efforts to understand the myriad ways business families shape family businesses.
How Do Consumers See Firms’ Family Nature? A Review of the Literature
Authors: Andreini Daniela , Bettinelli Cristina , Pedeliento Giuseppe , Apa Roberta
Published: May 2020

This literature review analyzes studies that deal with the meanings that consumers form about firms’ family nature. Through the analysis of 83 papers, we highlight the importance of firms’ family nature from consumers’ perceptual, social, and cultural perspectives, at the micro, meso, and macro levels. Beside the common meanings that consumers attach to firms’ family nature, our review showed that in some cases, firms’ family nature acquired meanings that were deemed to be so important that they eventually provided consumers with self-identification, communitarian identification, and novel market configurations, and even made the family firm the industry’s prototypical organizational form.
Synthesis and characterization of high-temperature resistant and thermally conductive magnetic PBI/Fe3O4 nanofibers
Authors: Özaytekin İlkay , Oflaz Kamil
Published: May 2020

In the present study, magnetite nanoparticles were added to an electrospinning solution of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)/polybenzimidazole (PBI) polymers to prepare PBI/Fe3O4 nanofibers (NFs). The operating voltage of the electrospinning device was set to 15 kV, the distance between the needle and the plate was 10 cm, and the feed rate was set to 0.3 mL h−1. The microstructures of the as-prepared NFs were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry, atomic force microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and vibration sample magnetometry. Magnetite-doped PVDF/PBI NFs exhibited superior magnetism and saturation magnetization in the range of 1.5–5 emu g−1. It was observed that the thermal resistance of the fibers increased with the increasing amount of magnetic particles and nanocomposite fiber (NCF) 1 and NCF2 exhibited excellent thermal resistance up to 415°C and 450°C, respectively. The heat conduction coefficient of the fibers was measured at 4, 6, and 8 W. The thermal conductivity of the NFs increased with the increasing amount of magnetite nanoparticles, and the highest thermal conductivity coefficient for NCF2 (1.83 W mK−1) was measured at 4 W.
A multilevel index optimization method for fast kinematic calibration configuration of serial manipulators based on Compute Unified Device Architecture parallel computing
Authors: Jiang Xuejie , Fang Lijin , Gao Yue
Published: May 2020

The kinematic calibration accuracy of serial manipulators is affected by the error expression ability of the selected measurement configurations and non-geometric errors such as joint disturbance, measurement noise, etc. Based on the observability of configurations, deviation of identifiable parameters, and calibration robustness, this paper proposes a multilevel evaluation criterion for measurement configuration optimization. In addition, based on the Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) parallel computing technique, the most time-consuming Jacobian matrix calculation program in the algorithm is modified, and an efficient optimization algorithm for measurement configurations is established, to guarantee the feasibility of the evaluation criterion. Combined with CUDA algorithm, fast calibration is implemented with fewer measurement points and relatively higher accuracy, by means of multilevel optimization. The results illustrate the effectiveness and the universality of the proposed multilevel evaluation criterion. The criterion can be applied in calibration experiments of multi-degree of freedom (DOF) serial manipulators with complex structures.