bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Chemical Composition and Post Welding Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of High Strength Steel Weld Metals
Authors: Gomes Antonio José Mendes , Jorge Jorge Carlos Ferreira , de Souza Luís Felipe Guimarães , Bott Ivani S.
Published: June 2013

The present work is part of a wide research program which the main goal is the development of welding procedures for chain and accessories for application in mooring systems of oil platforms. In the specific case of the work in subject, the development of different covered electrodes formulations is discussed for obtaining high mechanical strength and impact toughness, of the order of 860 MPa and 50 joules at –20°C, respectively. Welded joints using the developed electrodes were prepared for evaluation of the mechanical properties, using preheat of 200°C, direct current, flat position and heat input of 1.5 kJ/mm. After welding, tensile, impact Charpy-V and hardness tests were performed in specimens removed integrally from the weld metal, both in as welded and heat treated conditions. The post weld heat treatment (PWHT) was conducted at 600°C for 1, 2 and 3 hours. The results shows that the obtained weld metals have mechanical properties higher than the minimum required for the welding of a IACS W22 R4 Grade steel, and particularly good impact properties, which indicates that the correct control of the chemical composition, particularly, of Mn-Ni balance, makes possible to achieve an adequate strength/toughness relationship for high strength steel weld metals, where the PWH is mandatory. In addition, it was verified that the increase in the time of PWHT did not promote substantial impairment on mechanical properties.
Study of Mechanical Properties in the Interface Applied in Thick Coatings Obtained by Thermal Spraying
Authors: Alves Yuri , Barbosa Jessyca , Costa Andre , Araújo Paulo
Published: June 2013

This work appears as an experimental attempt to verify the validity of thetheoretical model used to interface ratio proposed by Chicot and Lesage. For this, wepresent a study on the mechanical properties of interface from the instrumentedpenetration tests. One of the important points of the study is related to the characteristicsof materials with micro deformations and influence of defects on the mechanicalproperties. Discussions are developed concerning the intrinsic properties, particularlythe behavior of the modulus of elasticity for different situations in which the materialsare. Were used for development work, samples taken from sucker rods, which are usedin oil production equipment. These rods were coated with two types of materials, thebasis of a NiCr alloy and the other with Al, both obtained by thermal spray process (arcspray). With the use of instrumented penetration testing was carried out indentations inthe coatings, substrate and interface of each sample. With these results, the model wasapplied and theoretical interfacial later tried to verify its validity.
Failure Pressure Estimations for Corroded Pipelines
Authors: da Silva Matherson L. , da Costa Mattos Heraldo
Published: June 2013

The goal of the present paper is to propose a simple methodology to estimate the failure pressure of thin-walled metallic pipelines with arbitrary localized corrosion damage. This methodology is conceived as a preliminary tool for a quick analysis of the structural integrity of real corroded pipelines. Due to the different possible geometries of the corroded region, the exact analysis of this kind of problem can be very complex (in general using an elasto-plastic finite element simulation). The idea is to obtain an approximate exact analytical solution of the problem for any arbitrary geometry of the corroded region considering elasto-plastic constitutive equations and a factor that accounts for the stress concentration due to the metal loss caused by corrosion. With a simple expression, a reasonable lower limit for the failure pressure can be obtained.
Personal Assistance for Children and Adolescents (0‐18) with Both Physical and Intellectual Impairments
Authors: Mayo‐Wilson Evan , Montgomery Paul , Dennis Jane
Published: June 2013

Studies urgently needed to assess effects of Personal Assistance for children and teens with physical impairments.

Personal assistance is here defined as paid support of at least 20 hours per week for people with impairments. This review investigated the effectiveness of personal assistance versus any other form of care for children and adolescents with physical impairments. A literature search identified no studies that met the inclusion criteria.

This review is part of a series of reviews; evidence from related reviews about different populations might be informative to researchers and practitioners.

Background

There is a high and increasing prevalence of impairments among children and adolescents in the West. Many countries offer personal assistance in the form of individualised support for people living in the community by a paid assistant other than a healthcare professional for at least 20 hours per week.

Objectives

To assess the effectiveness of personal assistance for children and adolescents with both physical and intellectual impairments, and the impacts of personal assistance on others, compared to other interventions.

Search methods

Electronic databases including CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, ERIC, Dissertation Abstracts International and a variety of specialist Swedish databases were searched from 1980 to June 2005; reference lists were checked; 345 experts, organisations, government bodies and charities were contacted in an attempt to locate relevant research.

Selection criteria

Children and adolescents with both physical and intellectual impairments (0‐18 years) living in the community who require assistance to perform tasks of daily living (e.g., bathing and eating) and participate in normal activities due to permanent impairments. Controlled studies of personal assistance in which participants were prospectively assigned to study groups and in which control group outcomes were measured concurrently with intervention group outcomes were included.

Data collection and analysis

Titles and abstracts were examined by two reviewers. 130 full papers were examined. None met the inclusion criteria.

Results

No eligible studies were found.

Authors’ conclusions

Research in this field is limited, though one related review provides some evidence of the effectiveness of personal assistance for children and adolescents with intellectual impairments. When implementing new programmes, recipients could be randomly assigned to different forms of assistance. While advocates may support personal assistance for myriad reasons, this review demonstrates that further studies are required to determine which models of personal assistance are most effective and efficient for particular people.
Idiopathic CD4 Lymphocytopenia: Spectrum of opportunistic infections, malignancies, and autoimmune diseases
Authors: Ahmad Dina S , Esmadi Mohammad , Steinmann William C
Published: June 2013

Idiopathic CD4 lymphocytopenia (ICL) was first defined in 1992 by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) as the repeated presence of a CD4+ T lymphocyte count of fewer than 300 cells per cubic millimeter or of less than 20% of total T cells with no evidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and no condition that might cause depressed CD4 counts. Most of our knowledge about ICL comes from scattered case reports. The aim of this study was to collect comprehensive data from the previously published cases to understand the characteristics of this rare condition. We searched the PubMed database and Science Direct for case reports since 1989 for Idiopathic CD4 lymphocytopenia cases. We found 258 cases diagnosed with ICL in 143 published papers. We collected data about age, sex, pathogens, site of infections, CD4 count, CD8 count, CD4:CD8 ratio, presence of HIV risk factors, malignancies, autoimmune diseases and whether the patients survived or died. The mean age at diagnosis of first opportunistic infection (or ICL if no opportunistic infection reported) was 40.7 ± 19.2 years (standard deviation), with a range of 1 to 85. One-sixty (62%) patients were males, 91 (35.2%) were females, and 7 (2.7%) patients were not identified whether males or females. Risk factors for HIV were documented in 36 (13.9%) patients. The mean initial CD4 count was 142.6 ± 103.9/mm 3 (standard deviation). The mean initial CD8 count was 295 ± 273.6/mm 3 (standard deviation). The mean initial CD4:CD8 ratio was 0.6 ± 0.7 (standard deviation). The mean lowest CD4 count was 115.4 ± 87.1/mm 3 (standard deviation). The majority of patients 226 (87.6%) had at least one infection. Cryptococcal infections were the most prevalent infections in ICL patients (26.6%), followed by mycobacterial infections (17%), candidal infections (16.2%), and VZV infections (13.1%). Malignancies were reported in 47 (18.1%) patients. Autoimmune diseases were reported in 37 (14.2%) patients.
Characterization of volatile compounds in flowers from four groups of sweet osmanthus (Osmanthus fragrans) cultivars
Authors: Xin Haiping , Wu Benhong , Zhang Haohao , Wang Caiyun , Li Jitao , Yang Bo , Li Shaohua
Published: June 2013

Xin, H., Wu, B., Zhang, H., Wang, C., Li, J., Yang, B. and Li, S. 2013. Characterization of volatile compounds in flowers from four groups of sweet osmanthus ( Osmanthus fragrans ) cultivars. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 923–931. Headspace-solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) were used to characterize the volatiles in flowers of four cultivar groups of sweet osmanthus (Osmanthus fragrans Lour.), including Thunbergii, Latifolius, Aurantiacus and Semperflorens Groups. A total of 72 volatiles were identified. Volatile compounds and their relative contents varied among the four groups or cultivars within each group. Briefly, β-ionone, cis-linalool oxide (furan), trans-linalool oxide (furan) and linalool were the most common volatiles in tested cultivars, while (E)-2-hexenal, (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol and hexanal were abundant in several cultivars. Principal component analysis showed that the Aurantiacus Group was rich in cis- and trans-linalool oxide (furan), whereas the Latifolius group had high levels of (E)-2-hexenal and (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol. Our results contribute to our understanding of the volatile composition and content in flowers from different osmanthus groups and will facilitate development of new osmanthus cultivars to meet requirements of the food and fragrance industries.
High‐resolution aerial infrared mapping of groundwater discharge to the coastal ocean
Authors: Kelly Jacque L. , Glenn Craig R. , Lucey Paul G.
Published: June 2013

Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) is a principal pathway for nutrient and contaminant entry into coastal zones worldwide. The ability of SGD to transport dissolved constituents, and the spatially and temporally variable nature of SGD, require rapid and high‐resolution data acquisition at the scales in which it is commonly observed. Airborne thermal infrared (TIR) remote sensing is uniquely qualified for this task, and is applicable wherever > 0.1°C temperature contrasts exist between discharging and receiving waters. We investigated SGD on three of the largest Hawaiian Islands, including most of Oahu, much of western Hawaii, and most of western Maui. The resulting images are 0.5 to 3.2 m‐resolution sea‐surface temperature maps that are accurate to 0.7°C. In this article, we lay the foundation for a complete methodology of TIR data collection, post‐flight data processing, and image interpretation for groundwater discharge research. We demonstrate that groundwater plume areas are linearly and highly correlated to in situ groundwater fluxes. These results illustrate the potential for volumetric quantification and up‐scaling of small‐ to regional‐scale SGD. These methodologies provide a tremendous advantage for identifying and differentiating point‐source and diffuse groundwater discharge into oceans, lakes, and streams. The techniques are also important precursors for developing best‐use strategies for time‐consuming in situ studies, and represent a substantial new asset for those concerned with coastal‐zone research, planning, and management.
Improved method for quantifying the air‐sea flux of volatile and semi‐volatile organic carbon
Authors: Hauser Emily J. , Dickhut Rebecca M. , Falconer Renee , Wozniak Andrew S.
Published: June 2013

A method for quantifying the diffusive air‐sea exchange of gaseous organic carbon (OC) was developed. OC compounds were separated into two operational pools—those that were kinetically air limited in diffusion across the air‐sea interface and those that were water limited—during simultaneous air/water sampling. The method separates OC compounds into low Henry&s law constant (low‐H) semivolatile OC (SOC) and high Henry&s law constant (high‐H) volatile OC (VOC) pools that can be categorized by relating diffusion kinetic parameters to Henry&s Law constant. Air limited (low‐H; H << ~0.1 L atm mol−1) compounds were collected in pure water traps and were quantified as dissolved OC, whereas water limited (high‐H; H >> ~0.1 L atm mol−1) compounds were collected on solid sorbent tubes downstream from the water traps and were analyzed by gas chromatography‐flame ionization detection (GC‐FID). Separating OC based on H, rather than measuring OC as one bulk pool, allows improved estimates of OC concentration gradients and fluxes. A 10‐month field study in the York River Estuary in Gloucester Point, VA revealed an average VOC flux of 138 µg C m−2 d−1 and an average SOC flux of 832 mg C m−2 d−1 (positive fluxes denote sea to air transfer).
Eddy- and wind-sustained moderate primary productivity in the temperate East Sea (Sea of Japan)
Authors: Hong G.-H. , Lee D.-K. , Yang D.-B. , Kim Y. I. , Park J.-H. , Park C.-H.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. As part of the Dokdo East Sea Time Series Studies (DETS) in the East/Japan Sea, a DETS buoy system was moored on the 130 m deep continental shelf off the Dok Islets in the central part of the East Sea. Chlorophyll a concentrations in the surface water observed by the DETS buoy system exhibited low-frequency bimodal variations in the annual chlorophyll a concentration due to a spring phytoplankton bloom and a smaller fall bloom. In addition, between late spring and early fall when the water column is stratified, frequent low-concentration maxima occurred, which appear to have been triggered by the injection of nutrient-rich subsurface water to the sunlit surface water. The primary productivity in the nutrient-depleted surface ocean was found to be enhanced by subsurface water upwelling where the wind and water move in the same direction as the mesoscale eddy. New observations in the East/Japan Sea based on time-series measurements of chlorophyll a, wind, and other oceanographic variables at fixed sites in the center of the sea and using satellite measurements reveal that the vertical movement of water caused by wind-eddy interactions depends on the relative angle between the wind and the water current. The wind-eddy interaction appears to contribute to the unusually high primary productivity in the region where it was often sustained by the long-lived warm and cold eddies.
The effect of nonlinear ionospheric conductivity enhancement on magnetospheric substorms
Authors: Spencer E. , Patra S.
Published: June 2013

Abstract. We introduce the effect of enhanced ionospheric conductivity into a low-order, physics-based nonlinear model of the nightside magnetosphere called WINDMI. The model uses solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) parameters from the ACE satellite located at the L1 point to predict substorm growth, onset, expansion and recovery measured by the AL index roughly 50–60 min in advance. The dynamics introduced by the conductivity enhancement into the model behavior is described, and illustrated through using synthetically constructed solar wind parameters as input. We use the new model to analyze two well-documented isolated substorms: one that occurred on 31 July 1997 from Aksnes et al. (2002), and another on 13 April 2000 from Huang et al. (2004). These two substorms have a common feature in that the solar wind driver sharply decreases in the early part of the recovery phase, and that neither of them are triggered by northward turning of the IMF Bz. By controlling the model parameters such that the onset time of the substorm is closely adhered to, the westward auroral electrojet peaks during substorm expansion are qualitatively reproduced. Furthermore, the electrojet recovers more slowly with enhanced conductivity playing a role, which explains the data more accurately.
The Tyranny of Narrative
Authors: Silberman Neil A.
Published: June 2013

Narrative is the heart of heritage interpretation, and modern Middle Eastern narratives of national histories tell distinct and conflicting tales. This paper highlights some major genres of archaeological and historical storytelling and analyzes the symbolic messages they convey. A closer look at the juxtaposition of competing story forms reveals a complex intertwining, in which one nation or ethnic group's “period of desolation” is simultaneous with their rivals' “Golden Age.”
Alternative Hospital Gift Bags and Breastfeeding Exclusivity
Authors: Bai Yeon , Wunderlich Shahla M. , Kashdan Rickie
Published: June 2013

The type of gift bags given to new mothers at the time of discharge from the hospital can influence their confidence in breastfeeding. Most hospitals in the US continue to distribute commercial gift bags containing formula samples despite the reported negative influence of commercial bags on the duration of breastfeeding. This study compared breastfeeding outcomes in women receiving three different kinds of gift bags at discharge. A prospective intervention study was conducted during 2009-2010 in New Jersey. Three breastfeeding cohorts were recruited and assigned to three groups: COMMERCIAL received discharge bags containing formula samples, BF-INFO received breastfeeding information and supplies, and PUMP received breastfeeding information/supplies plus a manual breast pump. Follow-up contacts were at 2, 4, and 12 postpartum weeks to determine breastfeeding outcome. The mean durations of exclusive (EBF) and partial breastfeeding were compared between groups using ANOVA. A total of 386 participants completed the study. The mean EBF duration (weeks) in the PUMP (, ) and BF-INFO (, ) were significantly longer () than COMMERCIAL (, ). The rate of EBF through 12 weeks in PUMP was most consistent. The mean duration of partial breastfeeding showed similar results: significantly longer in PUMP and BF-INFO than COMMERCIAL ().
Adverse Effects of Lead Acetate on Light Weight Protein of Bactrocera dorsalis
Authors: Rizwanul Haq  , M. Farhanullah Khan  , Ehteshamul Haq
Published: June 2013

ALarge number of insects are influenced easily by a number of pollutants; such as, the influence of lead (as lead acetate) on Bactrocera dorsalis. Lead is considered to be an important toxic waste which could contaminate the environment, such as soil, air and water. Therefore, insects could be influenced by the lead. Bactrocera dorsalis, was studied at 48 hours post treatment, under the effects of lead acetate, in different concentrations. Lead is found to exert a definite specific physiological and morphological effect on these flies. It was observed that under the effect of lead abnormalities and deformities were developed in the larvae of flies. Thus these flies could present a useful module for the quick transmission of the environmental hazards due to lead contamination, which exerts a specific physiological and morphological effect on these flies. The purpose of the present work was to determine the effects of lead on proteins as a major indicator of physiological features along with morphological features of larvae of Bactrocera dorsalis flies.
Joël Beddows, agent double
Authors: Nutting Stéphanie
Published: June 2013

Un des rares metteurs en scène qui savent naviguer avec aisance dans les labyrinthes de l’espace double de la francophonie ontarienne, Joël Beddows a réalisé d’importantes mises en scène dont : Le testament du couturier (Michel Ouellette), La société de Métis (Normand Chaurette), Le Projet Rideau Project (collectif) et Frères d’hiver (Michel Ouellette), sans nommer toutes celles qu’il a réalisées en anglais. Dans cette étude, il s’agit de cerner l’esthétique théâtrale du metteur en scène, en mettant ses réalisations en rapport avec le milieu théâtral de l’Ontario français et en étudiant les deux tendances majeures – et parfois paradoxales – qui sous-tendent l’ensemble de sa pratique. L’article comprend aussi, en annexe, la liste des principales réalisations de Beddows.
La littérature pour la jeunesse ou l’art de « danser dans les chaînes » : trois textes sur la diaspora haïtienne en Amérique du Nord
Authors: Ziethen Antje
Published: June 2013

Le présent article se propose de sonder un corpus de littérature pour la jeunesse provenant d’auteurs haïtiens de la diaspora nord-américaine, afin d’en découvrir les leitmotivs et leur inscription dans un contexte de migration. À partir des oeuvres de Marie-Célie Agnant (Alexis d’Haïti,Alexis, fils de Raphaël) et de Stanley Péan (La mémoire ensanglantée), tous deux résidant au Québec, ainsi que d’Edwidge Danticat (Behind the Mountains), installée à New York, nous interrogerons la manière dont ce genre infléchit les topoï de la littérature dite postcoloniale (pour adultes) dans un univers d’enfants ou d’adolescents. Nous montrerons que – quoique soumise à des contraintes par rapport à son contenu et à sa forme – cette écriture s’invente des stratégies narratives, stylistiques et pédagogiques afin de familiariser le jeune lecteur avec un univers inconnu, parfois injuste et violent. Pourtant, nonobstant la représentation de la souffrance, de l’exclusion ou du malaise, se déploie, à travers la parole simple mais imaginative des enfants, un monde fabuleux, où se conjuguent aventures, épreuves, dépassement et rencontres enrichissantes. Enfin, émergera de l’analyse des textes leur dessein multiple : disséminer, sensibiliser, éduquer, divertir et inspirer un lectorat prêt à se laisser emporter, à apprendre plus sur soi-même et autrui.
Titanium Microbead‐Based Porous Implants: Bead Size Controls Cell Response and Host Integration
Authors: Vrana Nihal Engin , Dupret‐Bories Agnès , Schultz Philippe , Debry Christian , Vautier Dominique , Lavalle Philippe
Published: June 2013

Openly porous structures in implants are desirable for better integration with the host tissue. Sintered microbead‐based titanium implants for oto‐rhinolaryngology applications, which create an environment where the cells can migrate in the areas between the microbeads, are developed. This structure promotes fibrovascular tissue formation within the implant in vivo. In this study, it is determine to what extent these events can be controlled by changing the physical environment of the implants both in vitro and in vivo. By cell tracking, it is observed that the size of the beads and the distance between the neighboring beads significantly affect the ability of cells to develop cell‐to‐cell contacts and to bridge the pores. Live cell staining shows that as the bead size gets smaller, the probability to observe cells that fill the porous areas is higher. This also affects the initial attachment and distribution of the cells and collagen secretion by fibroblasts. Obtaining a fast coverage of the system also enables co‐culture systems where, the number and the distribution of the second cell type are boosted by the presence of the first. This concept is utilized to increase the attachment of vascular endothelial cells by an initial layer of fibroblasts. By decreasing the bead diameter, the overall colonization of the implant can be significantly increased in vivo. The effect of bead size has a similar pattern both in rats and rabbits, with faster colonization of smaller bead‐based structures. Using smaller beads would improve clinical outcomes as faster integration facilitates the attainment of functionality by the implant.
Onset of flow recirculation in vertical rotating‐disc chemical vapor deposition reactors
Authors: Cho Joungmo , Mountziaris T. J.
Published: June 2013

Preventing flow recirculation during the epitaxial deposition of thin films of compound semiconductors is essential for growing multilayer films with atomically abrupt interfaces that form a basis for modern optoelectronic devices. A mathematical model describing mass continuity, flow and heat transfer in a vertical rotating‐disc chemical vapor deposition reactor is used to investigate the onset of buoyancy‐ and inertia‐driven flow recirculation. Numerical simulations of axisymmetric flow patterns are performed and different regimes of operation are identified in the parameter space defined by the Reynolds number, the rotational Reynolds number, and the Grashof number. Design criteria for establishing recirculation‐free flows in reactors used for metalorganic vapor‐phase epitaxy (MOVPE) of compound semiconductors are presented. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 3530–3538, 2013
Investigating glucose and xylose metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Scheffersomyces stipitis via 13C metabolic flux analysis
Authors: Feng Xueyang , Zhao Huimin
Published: June 2013

13C metabolic flux analysis (13CMFA) has been extensively applied in studying the glucose metabolism of yeast strains such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Scheffersomyces stipitis. Here, we tried to augment the previous fluxomic studies by applying 13CMFA to rigorously investigate the metabolic flux distributions in S. stipitis and the recombinant S. cerevisiae strains when xylose was utilized as the sole carbon substrate. It was found that less carbon fluxes were diverted into the TCA cycle in S. stipitis than the recombinant S. cerevisiae strains. Compared to single sugar utilization, the co‐utilization of glucose and xylose by S. stipitis led to increased metabolic fluxes into the futile pathway and the TCA cycle, but did not improve sugar‐based ethanol yield. In addition, heterologous expression of xylose pathway in engineered S. cerevisiae strains may affect the glucose utilization. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 3195–3202, 2013
Rapid donor T‐cell engraftment increases the risk of chronic graft‐versus‐host disease following salvage allogeneic peripheral blood hematopoietic cell transplantation for bone marrow failure syndromes
Authors: Pantin Jeremy , Tian Xin , Shah Avni A. , Kurlander Roger , Ramos Catalina , Cook Lisa , Khuu Hahn , Stroncek David , Leitman Susan , Barrett John , Donohue Theresa , Young Neal S. , Geller Nancy , Childs Richard W.
Published: June 2013

The risk of graft‐rejection after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation using conventional cyclophosphamide‐based conditioning is increased in patients with bone marrow failure syndromes (BMFS) who are heavily transfused and often HLA‐alloimmunized. Fifty‐six patients with BMFS underwent fludarabine‐based reduced‐intensity conditioning and allogeneic peripheral blood progenitor cell (PBPC) transplantation at a single institution. The conditioning regimen consisted of intravenous cyclophosphamide, fludarabine, and equine antithymocyte globulin. Graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis included cyclosporine A alone or in combination with either mycophenolate mofetil or methotrexate. To reduce the risk of graft‐rejection/failure, unmanipulated G‐CSF mobilized PBPCs obtained from an HLA‐identical or single HLA‐antigen mismatched relative were transplanted rather than donor bone marrow. Despite a high prevalence of pretransplant HLA‐alloimmunization (41%) and a heavy prior transfusion burden, graft‐failure did not occur with all patients having sustained donor lympho‐hematopoietic engraftment. The cumulative incidence of grade II–IV acute‐GVHD and chronic‐GVHD was 51.8% and 72%, respectively; with 87.1% surviving at a median follow‐up of 4.5 years. A multivariate analysis showed pretransplant alloimmunization and rapid donor T‐cell engraftment (≥95% donor by day 30) were both significantly (P < 0.05) associated with the development of chronic‐GVHD (adjusted HR 2.13 and 2.99, respectively). These data show fludarabine‐based PBPC transplantation overcomes the risk of graft‐failure in patients with BMFS, although rapid donor T‐cell engraftment associated with this approach appears to increase the risk of chronic‐GVHD. (Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT00003838). Am. J. Hematol. 88:874–882, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Musculoskeletal disorders among clerical workers in Los Angeles: A labor management approach
Authors: Delp Linda , Wang Pin‐Chieh
Published: June 2013

Background

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) persist among clerical workers despite ergonomic advances.

Methods

A cross‐sectional survey among 2,310 clerical workers investigated MSD cases, defined as musculoskeletal discomfort and seeking treatment for that discomfort in the past 12 months. A modified Poisson regression model was adopted to assess the association between work and individual factors and the risk of MSDs.

Results

Over half of respondents reported musculoskeletal discomfort. The prevalence of MSD cases was: 37.2% neck/shoulders, 21.7% upper extremities, 18% lower extremities, and 34.3% back region. Elevated risk of MSDs was associated with less workstation adjustability; work schedule, gender, age, and BMI were also significant. Positive trends were observed between computer use and MSDs for the neck/shoulder region and the effect was amplified among those reporting insufficient workstation adjustability and lacking computer ergonomics training.

Conclusions

Results demonstrate the need to limit continuous computer use and to improve the human–machine interface through adjustable workstations and worker training to enhance use of adjustable features. Am. J. Ind. Med. 56:1072–1081, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mechanical characterization and application of Weibull statistics to the strength of softwood lignin‐based carbon fibers
Authors: Nordström Ylva , Joffe Roberts , Sjöholm Elisabeth
Published: June 2013

Mechanical characterization of the first generation of softwood kraft lignin‐based carbon fibers (CF) was carried out. The single‐fiber tensile tests of filaments with different diameters and length were performed to evaluate stiffness and strength of carbon fibers. The average mechanical properties were measured as follows: tensile strength of approximately 300 MPa, the elastic modulus of 30 GPa and a strain at failure within interval of 0.7–1.2%. The fiber strength data was evaluated by the two‐parameter Weibull statistics and parameters of this distribution were obtained. Although strength of the produced fibers is still significantly lower than that of commercially available, the experimental results and predictions based on Weibull statistics show a fairly good fit. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 3689–3697, 2013
Active Unbalance Control of Rotor Systems Using On‐Line Algebraic Identification Methods
Authors: Beltran‐Carbajal F. , Silva‐Navarro G. , Arias‐Montiel M.
Published: June 2013

An active control scheme based on compensation of perturbation force signals is proposed to balance rotating machinery with unknown system parameters and variable operation speed. The algebraic parameter identification methodology is applied to estimate the mass, stiffness, damping, rotor eccentricity, and on‐line reconstruction of the unknown centrifugal forces induced by rotor unbalance. In addition, an asymptotic estimation scheme of perturbation signals, which requires position measurements only, is proposed as another alternative to estimate such unbalance forces. Our design methodology considers that a disturbance signal can be locally approximated by a family of Taylor polynomials. Some simulation results are included to show the dynamic and robust performance of the active balancing scheme and perturbation force estimation methods proposed for a rotor‐magnetic bearing system.
Physiologically based pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modeling of an antagonist (SM‐406/AT‐406) of multiple inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) in a mouse xenograft model of human breast cancer
Authors: Zhang Tao , Li Yanyan , Zou Peng , Yu Jing‐yu , McEachern Donna , Wang Shaomeng , Sun Duxin
Published: June 2013

The inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) are a class of key apoptosis regulators overexpressed or dysregulated in cancer. SM‐406/AT‐406 is a potent and selective small molecule mimetic of Smac that antagonizes the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs). A physiologically based pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PBPK‐PD) model was developed to predict the tissue concentration–time profiles of SM‐406, the related onco‐protein levels in tumor, and the tumor growth inhibition in a mouse model bearing human breast cancer xenograft. In the whole body physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for pharmacokinetics characterization, a well stirred (perfusion rate‐limited) model was used to describe SM‐406 pharmacokinetics in the lung, heart, kidney, intestine, liver and spleen, and a diffusion rate‐limited (permeability limited) model was used for tumor. Pharmacodynamic (PD) models were developed to correlate the SM‐406 concentration in tumor to the cIAP1 degradation, pro‐caspase 8 decrease, CL‐PARP accumulation and tumor growth inhibition. The PBPK‐PD model well described the experimental pharmacokinetic data, the pharmacodynamic biomarker responses and tumor growth. This model may be helpful to predict tumor and plasma SM‐406 concentrations in the clinic. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aggressive coil embolization for connected aortopulmonary collateral arteries with large shunts developed after diaphragmatic plication performed after cavopulmonary connection to facilitate fontan circulation
Authors: Kitano Masataka , Yazaki Satasho , Kagisaki Koji
Published: June 2013

We present two patients of univentricular physiology, who underwent diaphragmatic plication following the complication of diaphragmatic paralysis resulting from a bidirectional Glenn procedure. Over several months, complex connections developed between aortopulmonary collateral arteries, resulting in large shunts around the plication sites and an increased central pulmonary artery (PA) pressure to 14–15 mmHg. Most blood flow from these connections was reversed in the lower PAs of the affected side, reaching the contralateral lungs through the central PAs. Selective angiography identified almost all of the feeding arteries and complex connections. Aggressive coil embolization at these sites decreased the PA pressure to approximately 10 mmHg, enabling the Fontan procedure. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Percutaneous edwards SAPIEN™ valve implantation for significant pulmonary regurgitation after previous surgical repair with a right ventricular outflow patch
Authors: Demkow Marcin , Rużyłło Witold , Biernacka Elżbieta Katarzyna , Kalińczuk Łukasz , Śpiewak Mateusz , Kowalski Mirosław , Sitkowska Ewa , Kuśmierczyk Mariusz , Różanski Jacek , Banaś Sławomir , Chmielak Zbigniew , Hoffman Piotr
Published: June 2013

Background

Current indications for percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation (PPVI) are limited to patients who had their outflow tracts repaired with the use of a “full” condui—homograft. Patients after a patch repair are believed to have an unfavorable anatomy for PPVI.

Objectives

To evaluate a novel use of Edwards SAPIENTM valve for percutaneous treatment of moderate and severe pulmonary regurgitation after tetralogy of Fallot (TF) repair with a right ventricular outflow (RVOT) patch.

Methods

PPVI was intended in 10 patients (age 21–39 years, 2 ♂) with regurgitant fraction of 30–59%, measured by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) 16–30 years after repair with a RVOT patch. Balloon test‐inflations were used for definitive measurements and location of the landing site for the valve. All RVOTs were prestented.

Results

Successful valve implantation was achieved in nine patients. In one patient a bare‐metal stent used for prestenting embolized into pulmonary artery. A 26‐mm valve was implanted in seven and a 23‐mm in two patients. CMRI at 1–2 month follow‐up (n = 8) demonstrated both, sustained relief of pulmonary incompetence (regurgitant fraction = 0–14%) and significant decrease of the right ventricular end‐diastolic volume indexes (from 169.9 ± 43.8 to 140.0 ± 40.3 ml/m2, P < 0.001). At that follow‐up no adverse event occurred. No stent fractures were observed.

Conclusions

We report the first case series of patients with significant PR after a RVOT patch repair, successfully treated with a percutaneous Edwards SAPIENTM valve implantation. The procedure is technically feasible and may be offered to patients with the outflow tracts larger than those limited by the Melody® system available currently. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Vegetation and topographic influences on the connectivity of shallow groundwater between hillslopes and streams
Authors: Emanuel Ryan E. , Hazen Anna G. , McGlynn Brian L. , Jencso Kelsey G.
Published: June 2013

Little is known about the combined effects of vegetation and topography on hillslope water table dynamics. In forested headwater catchments, complex terrain and vegetation intersect to impose large spatial and temporal variability in the vertical and lateral redistribution of water from hillslopes to streams. Here, we demonstrate, using empirical data from the Northern Rocky Mountains, that vegetation interacts with landscape topography to influence hillslope–riparian–stream hydrologic connectivity. We compared a measured relationship between hillslope contributing area and hydrologic connectivity during the growing season to LiDAR‐derived vegetation characteristics and found that two behavioural regimes emerged. Among some hillslopes, hydrologic connectivity decreased as vegetation density increased, demonstrating that growing season hydrologic connectivity is subject to the balance between evapotranspiration and lateral redistribution of soil water. Among other hillslopes, hydrologic connectivity increased as vegetation density increased. For the latter set of hillslopes, hydrologic connectivity cannot be explained by topography and vegetation alone. When we compared joint distributions of vegetation density and modelled solar irradiance between the two regimes as another indicator of evapotranspiration, we found that conditions were generally more favourable for higher transpiration on hillslopes where hydrologic connectivity decreased as vegetation density increased than on hillslopes where the opposite behaviour was observed. Our results demonstrate not only the importance of vegetation heterogeneity for hillslope–riparian–stream connectivity but also the importance of other spatially distributed variables such as energy availability when considering the influence of topography on hydrological processes. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of GaCp as a Ligand in Coordination Chemistry: Similarities and Differences to GaCp*
Authors: Naglav Dominik , Tobey Briac , Schnepf Andreas
Published: June 2013

Solid “GaI” reacts with NaCp to give (η5‐cyclopentadienyl)gallium (GaCp). Further reaction of a solution of GaCp with [Cr(CO)5(coe)] (coe = cyclooctene) or Co2(CO)8 leads to CpGa–Cr(CO)5 (1) or (thf)GaCp{Co(CO)4}2 (4), respectively, which shows that GaCp can be used as a terminal ligand in coordination chemistry, but unlike its bulkier analogue GaCp* (Cp* = C5Me5), it also acts as a reducing agent.
On the Configurational Stability of Chiral Heteroatom‐Substituted [D1]Methylpalladium Complexes as Intermediates of Stille and Suzuki–Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reactions
Authors: Malova Krizkova Petra , Hammerschmidt Friedrich
Published: June 2013

Enantiomerically pure (S)‐tributylstannyl[D1]methanol and (R)‐ and (S)‐tributylstannyl[D1]methyl benzoates were Stille‐coupled with bromobenzene and benzoyl chloride in 1,4‐dioxane and toluene using [(Ph3P)4Pd] or [(Ph3P)2PdCl2] either alone or in combination with CuCN as cocatalyst at temperatures up to 80 °C. The products were found to be enantiomerically pure. (R)‐ and (S)‐N‐(tributylstannyl[D1]methyl)phthalimides gave enantiomerically pure products with benzoyl chloride, but with bromobenzene protected phenyl[D1]methylamines gave products of only 52–69 %eedepending on the solvent used. Tributyl(thio[D1]methyl)stannanes could not be Stille‐coupled with benzoyl chloride or with bromobenzene. Similarly, dimethyl phenyl[D1]methylboronate underwent a Suzuki–Miyaura coupling with bromobenzene to give phenyl[D1]methylsilane with 99 %ee. All couplings followed a retentive course and, except in one case, the intermediate [XCHDPdLn] complexes were found to be microscopically configurationally stable.
Investigating Reliability on Fuel Cell Model Identification. Part III: Behavior of Assessment Criteria and Limits in Identification
Authors: Tsikonis L. , Van herle J. , Favrat D.
Published: June 2013

The present paper is the third and last part of an investigation on what determines reliability in fuel cell model identification. In continuation to the effect of experimental design (Part I) and a process method for stochastic calculation of a model's parameters (Part II), this paper concentrates on the assessment of a model validation. Four criteria are examined. The fit of the model's output to experimental data, the determinant of the covariance matrix of the parameters, the determinant of their correlation matrix, and the product of their variances. As regards the fit to the data, results show that this is mainly a function of the number of measurement points. Repetitions do not seem to improve the average of the fit significantly, but it does improve its variation. For the other three criteria, which are also mathematically linked, results show a counterbalance between them, leading to the conclusion that they cannot be optimized simultaneously. This happens especially between the determinants of the covariance and the correlation matrices.
Spatial olfactory learning facilitates long‐term depression in the hippocampus
Authors: André Marion Agnès Emma , Manahan‐Vaughan Denise
Published: June 2013

Recently, it has emerged that visual spatial exploration facilitates synaptic plasticity at different synapses within the trisynaptic network. Particularly striking is the finding that visuospatial contexts facilitate hippocampal long‐term depression (LTD), raising the possibility that this form of plasticity may be important for memory formation. It is not known whether other sensory modalities elicit similar permissive effects on LTD. Here, we explored if spatial olfactory learning facilitates LTD in the hippocampus region of freely behaving rats. Patterned afferent stimulation of the Schaffer collaterals elicited short‐term depression (STD) (<1 h) of evoked responses in the Stratum radiatum of the CA1 region. Coupling of this protocol with novel exploration of a spatial constellation of olfactory cues facilitated short‐term depression into LTD that lasted for over 24 h. Facilitation of LTD did not occur when animals were re‐exposed 1 week later to the same odors in the same spatial constellation. Evaluation of learning behavior revealed that 1 week after the 1st odor exposure, the animals remembered the odors and their relative positions. These data support that the hippocampus can use nonvisuospatial resources, and specifically can use spatial olfactory information, to facilitate LTD and to generate spatial representations. The data also support that a tight relationship exists between the processing of spatial contextual information and the expression of LTD in the hippocampus. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Moving From Acceptance Toward Transformation With Internal Family Systems Therapy (IFS)
Authors: Schwartz Richard C.
Published: June 2013

Clients come to psychotherapy intent on changing, rather than accepting, their unwanted behaviors, emotions, or thoughts. The problem often is, however, that their lack of self‐acceptance is the primary obstacle to change. This article describes how one approach, the Internal Family Systems (IFS) model, fosters clients’ acceptance of all parts of themselves no matter how destructive, and how that acceptance can lead to the transformation of those parts and, in turn, of other people.
Dual‐Polarized Ultra Wideband CPW‐Fed Slot Antenna with Reconfigurable Circular Polarization Characteristic for Wimax and Wlan Applications
Authors: Pouyanfar Negin , Rezaeieh Sasan Ahdi
Published: June 2013

A simple yet efficient ultra wideband coplanar waveguide‐fed slot antenna with dual polarization is presented. Antenna has reconfigurable circular polarization (CP) for WIMAX and WLAN applications and a pure linear polarization for rest of the operating band. A total CP bandwidth larger than 20% can be attained simply by sequentially creating a crooked T‐shape and two bent slots around the patch. The CP for each band can be created upon desired application simply by on/off operation of three pin diodes, designed between patch and strips. Novel and simple design of the radiating patch, UWB operating bandwidth, reconfigurable 3‐dB axial ratio operating band, stable gain, and compact size of the antenna are of the great merits of this work. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:2023–2026, 2013
Dual‐Band Ring Slot Antenna with Circular Polarization
Authors: Lin Chin‐Sung , Chen Li‐Ting , Chen Tsair‐Rong , Row Jeen‐Sheen
Published: June 2013

A design for dual‐band circularly polarized (CP) antennas is presented. The antenna is composed of two concentric shorted annular slots, and each slot can generate CP radiation at its one wavelength resonant mode or one‐and‐a‐half wavelength resonant mode by varying the position of the shorted section. When the one wavelength mode of the outer slot and the one‐and‐a‐half wavelength mode of the inner slot are simultaneously excited with a microstrip line, the antenna has two CP operating frequencies with a large frequency ratio (FR). A small FR can also be achieved when the outer and inner annular slots are operated at the one‐and‐a‐half wavelength mode and one wavelength mode, respectively. For the proposed design, two examples with the FRs of 1.05 and 1.9 are designed and implemented. Details of the experimental results are shown. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:2077–2080, 2013
Effective Analysis of Terminated Lossless Planar Multilayer Periodic EBG Structures Using an Equivalent Transmission‐Line Model with Meta‐Smith Charts
Authors: Torrungrueng Danai , Sanphuang Varittha
Published: June 2013

Lossless planar multilayer periodic electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structures of dielectric media, illuminated by an oblique electromagnetic plane wave and terminated in a surface impedance with an arbitrary number of multilayers in a unit cell, can be effectively analyzed using an equivalent transmission‐line (TL) model based on conjugately characteristic‐impedance TLs (CCITLs). In this article, both characteristic impedances with nonnegative characteristic resistances (NNCRs) and negative characteristic resistances (NCRs) associated with CCITLs are considered. It is found that the equivalent CCITL model yields accurate results, and can simplify the analysis of these EBG structures with some physical insight. In addition, Meta‐Smith charts (MSCs) can be employed to further simplify the analysis. It is found that MSCs can provide clearer data set than the standard Smith chart with accurate results, and the bilinear transformation can be effectively used to transform dataset between MSCs and the Smith chart. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:2222–2228, 2013