bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENEGAKAN HUKUM DALAM PENGADAAN BARANG DAN JASA PEMERINTAH OLEH KOMISI PENGAWAS PERSAINGAN USAHA (KPPU) DAN KOMISI PEMBERANTASAN KORUPSI (KPK)
Authors: Ferdinand Adam Khafi , DM Sunarto , Shafira Maya
Published: September 2020

Persekongkolan tender dan tindak pidana korupsi memiliki hubungan erat karena berkaitan dengan pengadaan barang dan jasa yang dilakukan pemerintah, karena sebagian atau seluruhnya pengadaan dibiayai dari APBN/APBD atau anggaran negara lainnya. Perbuatan dalam persekongkolan tender juga dapat dikategorikan sebagai perbuatan tindak pidana korupsi. Oleh karena itu, terdapat dua lembaga penegak hukum yang berwenang menindak para pelakunya, yakni KPPU dan KPK. Tujuan dari penulisan jurnal ini untuk mengetahui bagaimana upaya penegakan hukum dalam pengadaan barang dan jasa pemerintah yang dilakukan oleh KPPU dan KPK, serta apa saja faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi proses penegakan hukumnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penulisan hukum normatif yang didukung dengan data dan informasi dari wawancara/kuisioner. Sementara itu, pendekatan yang dilakukan yakni menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statue approach) dan pendekatan komparatif (comparative approach). Hasil dari penelitian ini menerangkan bahwa penegakan hukum dalam pengadaan barang dan jasa pemerintah yang dilakukan oleh KPPU terhadap perkara persekongkolan tender dilaksanakan berdasarkan Undang-Undang Anti Monopoli, Perkom No.1/2019 dan Perkom No.2/2010 (Pedoman Pasal 22). Sedangkan, penegakan hukum dalam pengadaan barang dan jasa pemerintah dilakukan oleh KPK terhadap perkara tindak pidana korupsi berdasarkan Undang-Undang Tipikor, Undang-Undang KPK dan KUHAP. Kedua lembaga tersebut memang memiliki ruang lingkup dan kewenangannya masing-masing, namun keduanya juga memiliki kerjasama dalam hal pengawasan dan penegakan hukum dalam pengadaan barang dan jasa pemerintah yang tertuang dalam Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) antara KPPU dan KPK. Sementara itu, faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi penegakan hukum dalam pengadaan barang dan jasa pemerintah yang dilakukan oleh KPPU dan KPK, antara lain faktor peraturan perundang-undangan (substansi hukum), faktor penegak hukum, faktor sarana/fasilitas, faktor masyarakat dan faktor kebudayaan.
PERUBAHAN WILAYAH LAUT ZONA EKONOMI EKSLUSIF RUSIA DI LAUT HITAM PASCA ANEKSASI KRIMEA
Authors: Simamora Bertoni Dean , Setiyono Joko
Published: September 2020

Rusia merupakan negara yang memiliki wilayah yang sangat luas dan sumber daya yang banyak. Februari 2014 Rusia melakukan aksi aneksasi di Semenanjung Krimea. Konsekuensi anekasi Krimea oleh Rusia melampaui kekhawatiran akan kedaulatan tanah dan jauh ke perairan Laut Hitam terutama yang berhubungan dengan laut Zona Ekonomi Eksklusif. Pada Zona Ekonomi Eksklusif, negara pantai memiliki hak untuk mengatur segala kegiatan eksplorasi dan juga eksploitasi sumber daya alam di permukaan laut, di dasar laut dan juga di bawah laut, serta mengadakan penelitian sumber daya hayati maupun sumber daya laut yang lainnya. Timbul permasalahan yaitu: bagaimana perubahan wilayah laut zona ekonomi ekslusif Rusia di Laut Hitam Pasca Aneksasi Krimea dan bagaimana dampak bertambahnya wilayah laut zona ekonomi ekslusif Rusia di laut hitam akibat aneksasi Krimea terhadap Ukraina. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat mengenai perubahan wilayah laut zona ekonomi eksklusif Rusia di Laut Hitam pasca aneksasi Krimea serta dampaknya terhadap Ukraina. Metode penelitian yang digunakan di dalam penelitian ini adalah Metode penelititan normatif yang bersifat kualitatif dalam penelitian terhadap bahan pustaka yang merupakan data dasar yang dalam ilmu pengetahuan digolongkan sebagai data sekunder yang bertumpu kepada alat pengumpulan data berupa studi kepustakaan atau studi dokumen atas permasalahan perubahan wilayah laut zona ekonomi eksklusif Rusia di laut Hitam pasca aneksasi Krimea. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa erubahan wilayah laut Rusia di laut hitam yang sangat signifikan tentunya juga akan memberi keuntungan yang sangat besar dalam pemanfaatan zona ekonomi ekslusif yang baru ini bagi Rusia. Mahakamah Internasional (International Court of Justice) dapat menyelesaikan konflik antara Ukraina dan Rusia. UNCLOS 1982 dapat digunakan sebagai panduan dalam penyelesaian masalah mengingat Rusia dan Ukraina. Bagi Ukraina, Kebutuhan Ekonomi dalam bidang ekonomi seperti Perikanan, Kebutuhan barang tambang, arus lalu lintas laut, kebutuhan Angkatan perang Ukraina, dan jalur perdagangan menjadi dampak di aneksasinya Krimea oleh Rusia.
Peningkatan Produksi dan Kualitas Benih Okra (Abelmoschus esculantus L. Moench) Menggunakan Aplikasi Fosfor dan GA3
Authors: Arifiana Nisa Budi , Soeparjono Sigit , Avivi Sholeh
Published: September 2020

Tanaman Okra menjadi salah satu komoditas yang masih belum besar di Indonesia, namun memiliki jumlah permintaan yang terus bertambah.  Produksi Okra dalam negeri masih fluktuatif sehingga belum memenuhi kebutuhan nasional. Kurangnya produksi polong okra salah satunya disebabkan oleh ketersediaan benih yang masih terbatas. Upaya meningkatkan produksi dan kualitas benih okra melalui aplikasi pupuk fosfor dan GA3. Pupuk fosfor dapat membantu dalam proses metabolisme pertumbuhan tanaman dan sebagai sumber energi untuk pembelahan dan pembesaran sel dalam pembentukan bunga, buah dan biji. Aplikasi GA3 juga mampu meningkatkan sistem metabolisme dan menghasilkan akumulasi fotosistat sehinggamenghasilkan presentase daya tumbuh benih lebih baik.  Penelitian disusun berdasarkan rancangan acak kelompok dua faktor yaitu faktor pertama dosis pupuk Fosfor yaitu, P1 (75kg/ha SP-36), P2 (100kg/ha SP-36), P3 (125kg/ha SP-36) dan P4 (150kg/ha SP-36). Faktor kedua konsentrasi GA3 yaitu, G0 (tanpa aplikasi GA3), G1 (50 mg/l), G2 (100mg/l), dan G3 (150mg/l). Sehingga terdapat 16 kombinasi perlakuan dengan ulangan 3 kali. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji lanjut jarak berganda duncan (α,5%) dan uji beda nyata terkecil (α,5%). Hasil penelitian aplikasi GA3 50 mg/l dapat meningkatkan berat biji per polong 3,77 gram, berat biji per tanaman 49,2 gram dan produksi benih 1,98 ton/ha. Kualitas benih pada presentase benih bernas dapat meningkat hingga 96% pada aplikasi konsentrasi GA3 100 mg/l. Pemberian fosfor 75kg/ha SP-36 dan konsentrasi GA3 50mg/l memberikan interaksi pada daya berkecambah benih 90% dan karbohidrat benih 42%.
Regenerasi Tunas Suweg (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson) pada Berbagai Konsentrasi BAP dan NAA dengan Kondisi Penyimpanan Terang dan Gelap
Authors: Isnaini Yupi , Novitasari Yeyen
Published: September 2020

Amorphopallus paeoniifolius atau suweg merupakan salah satu jenis dari suku Araceae yang umbinya berpotensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai alternatif pangan karena memiliki kandungan gizi yang baik dan indeks glikemik yang rendah. Namun, perbanyakan suweg terkendala dalam ketersediaan bibitnya sehingga dibutuhkan alternatif perbanyakan, salah satunya dengan teknik kultur jaringan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan kombinasi media, jenis eksplan dan kondisi kultur yang optimal untuk perbanyakan suweg secara in vitro. Penelitian dilakukan dengan dua percobaan. Percobaan pertama yaitu regenerasi tunas dari eksplan tangkai daun yang ditanam pada media Murashige dan Skoog (MS) yang ditambahkan dengan BAP (0, 1, 2, dan 4 mg/l) dan NAA (0 dan 0,5 mg/l). Percobaan kedua yaitu regenerasi tunas dari eksplan tangkai daun dan kalus pada kondisi gelap dan terang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media MS dengan penambahan 2 mg/l BAP dan 0,5 mg/l NAA merupakan media yang paling baik bagi eksplan tangkai daun dalam pembentukan kalus, tunas dan akar yang ditandai dengan jumlah masing-masing adalah 75%, 50% dan 56,67%. Selanjutnya, eksplan berupa kalus lebih mudah memberikan respon membentuk tunas dan akar dibandingkan dengan tangkai daun, baik pada kondisi ruang penyimpanan gelap maupun terang.
ZnO Nanoparticles in Bettering The Color Uniformity of Phosphor-Converted White Led Lights
Authors: Chen Ming-Jui , Le Van Tho , Nguyen Doan Quoc Anh , Tran Thinh Cong
Published: September 2020

To make further improvements in future WLED generation, bettering color uniformity is an important goal manufacturers desire to accomplish. One of the most common and effective methods to enhance the color homogeneity is the one focusing on improving scattering in phosphor layer which can be achieved by adding ZnO into the phosphor layer. Based on theoretical application of Mie-scattering, we compute and analyze the scattering characteristics of the diffusor particles. From the results, the ZnO particles are proven to have positive influences on the development of lighting quality. Additionally, the article analyzed and presented the effects of ZnO concentration which fluctuates from 2% to 22% on the color homogeneity. Thus, the color uniformity is influenced not only by the particle size but also by the concentration of the added ZnO. Hence, managing the color uniformity of WLEDs means controlling the size and concentration of ZnO. With the concentration of 10% ZnO, the lumen output of LEDs reaches the highest values. Meanwhile, when the concentration and size of ZnO are 14% and 500 nm respectively, ∆CCT is reduced to the lowest value. Based on the manufacturers' requirements, the most appropriate ZnO concentration and particle size can be determined. However, if requirements include both lumen and color uniformity, the right choice is 14% concentration with 500 nm particle size of ZnO. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properly cited.
Pemanfaatan Modal Sosial Petani Ikan Pasca Tubo Balerang dalam Mendapatkan Pekerjaan Baru
Authors: Gusman Ifdal
Published: September 2020

Fish farming is the main livelihood of some people around Lake Maninjau. But the thing thatfarmers fear the most is when a disaster called Tubo Balerang comes. This article aims to describe the types oflivelihoods of fish farmers post-Tubo Balerang and explain the workings of social capital to survive fish farmersin the aftermath of Tubo Balerang. The approach used in this study is a qualitative approach to the type ofdescriptive research with in-depth interview and observation data collection techniques. From the results it wasfound that fish farmers survived by finding another job until things returned to stability. The work is like: (1)Daily merchants. (2) Breeding quails. (3) Work as a driver. (4) Selling fish medicine. (5) Rice milling workers.While social capital is utilized to survive, namely: (1) Trust, namely the existence of a long-standingcooperative relationship, ties of kinship, mutually beneficial business, and feelings of mutual need. (2) Networkamong fellow fish farmers, network of fish farmers with local investors, and networks with their relatives. (3)Norms, namely the fulfillment of rights and obligations, and all forms of rules governed in the initialagreement
Model Resolusi Konflik Pemekaran Nagari
Authors: Haikal Fadil
Published: September 2020

DPMN is the third party that helps to resolve the conflict between KAN Nagari Limo Koto and theso call Nagari preparatory government of Padang Laweh Selatan. In resolving the conflict, as a third partyDPMN is able to resolve the conflict between the two parties. The objectives of this research are to describe theresolution of the conflict by both parties and by local governments and to describe the factors that enableDPMN to successfully resolve the conflicts. To achieve the research objectives, this study uses theStructuration Theory proposed by Anthony Giddens and qualitative research method. It was found that theconflict started in 2014 when Nagari Preparation Padang Laweh Selatan was in the process of expansion. Atfirst the conflict was resolved by both parties by way of deliberations twice at the Koto VII sub-district office,but this was unsucessful. Then, after KAN Nagari Limo Koto sent a letter rejecting the expansion of the NagariPreparation Padang Laweh Selatan to the Regent of Sijunjung, DPMN became the third party in resolving theconflict through conciliation. The conciliation process is carried out by: 1) forming a division team to resolvethe conflict; 2) bringing together the two parties to the conflict; 3) collect data related to disputed ulayat lands;4) trace the history of ulayat lands; 5) make the elite from KAN Nagari Limo Koto as partners in resolvingconflicts; 6) make an agreement between the two parties through the Regional Regulation Ranperda; 7)disseminate the draft regional regulation to both parties. The factors that made it easier for DPMN to resolvethe Conflict, namely: 1) making the regulations used in the process of dividing the preparatory village of SouthPadang Laweh as a reference; 2) actors DPMN and Elit Nagari Limo Koto understand that expansion aims toimprove community welfare; 3) the conflict is not complicated.
Kendala-Kendala Realisasi Pendirian Badan Usaha Milik Nagari (BUMNag) : Studi di Nagari Padang Tarok Kecamatan Baso Kabupaten Agam
Authors: Halim M.Hidayatul
Published: September 2020

Abstract : One of the priority programs mandated by Law No. 6/2014 on traditional villages or villages in Indonesia is the establishment of BUMDes. BUMDes or for West Sumatra Province is called BUMNag, is a business entity formed by the village government which aims to improve the economy in the village and can take advantage of the potential that exists in the village, so as to improve the welfare of the people in the village. However, not all villages have been able to establish BUMNag, one of which is Nagari Padang Tarok. Therefore, researchers want to see what are the obstacles faced by Nagari Padang Tarok, so that BUMNag has not yet been established. This research was conducted with a qualitative approach with a descriptive type. Research informants were selected using purposive sampling technique and in data collection used in-depth interviews. The results of this study found the obstacles faced by the Padang Tarok Nagari Government in establishing BUMNag, namely that the village government prioritized physical development, difficulty finding business units and lack of human resources. The focus of the village government in physical development in Nagari Padang Tarok has a positive impact on the community, road access is getting better between jorong and another, irrigation in the fields is starting to run smoothly, health and education facilities are starting to be adequate.
Menelusuri Tingkat Pengetahuan Kesehatan Reproduksi Remaja : Studi di Kabupaten Sijunjung
Authors: Kartalina Yessi , Widodo Teguh
Published: September 2020

Adolesence, in physchological term is called transitition period. They are seeking self-identity. Most of them start to attract to the opposite sex. Then they try to approach acquaintances to dating and even have sexual intercourse. On the other hand, limited sexual knowledge coupled with the souls of adolescents who are still out of control, their emotions can lead to promiscuity which is considered bad in Eastern customary arrangements. On the health side, promiscuity which leads to unwanted pregnancies is thought to increase the risk of death for mothers and their babies. This study tries to trace the level of knowledge of reproductive health among adolescents and to obtain information on the extent of their attitudes and behavior towards sexuality towards the opposite sex. The data sample collection is purposive towards 800 junior high and high school students who have a Youth Information and Counseling Center (PIK-R). The analysis was carried out descriptively by looking at the frequency distribution. The results showed that adolescents' knowledge of fertility was still low (2.5%) but they knew (63%) that sexual intercourse can lead to pregnancy. Information about reproductive health obtained by adolescents mostly from electronic media and health workers (82%). The recommendations of this study emphasize the intensity of family planning officers and school teachers in providing knowledge of reproductive health periodically to new students entering school.
SATIRE PROBLEMATIKA DUNIA POLITIK DALAM NOVEL SABDO CINTA ANGON KASIH KARYA SUJIWO TEJO
Authors: Theum Dita
Published: September 2020

AbstrakPenelitian ini berjudul “ Satire Indikasi Problematika Dunia Politik Dalam Novel Sabdo Cinta Angon Kasih Karya Sujiwo Tejo”  dunia politik menjadi sorotan dalam novel ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk ini pertama, mempelajari relevansi pewayangan Sabdo palon. Kedua, mampu menjelaskan resepsi Sujiwo Tejo terhadap penokohan Sabdo Palon..  Ketiga, menunjukan bagaimana bentuk kritikan untuk kaum elit politik dalam prespektif fenomena yang sedang viral dalam bentuk satire problematika politik. Penelitian ini termasuk dalam penelitian deskritif kualitatif dengan menjabarkan hasil analisis berdasarkan teori. Teori yang digunakan ialah teori resepsi sastra melalui pendekatan sosiologi sastra Sumber data berupa kutipan dalam novel Sabdo Cinta Angon Kasih karya Sudjiwo Tejo. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan membaca secara mendalam dan memberikan tanda. Hasil penelitian adalah sebagian berikut 1) Kisah pewayangan Sabdopalon, 2) Resepsi Tokoh Sabdopalon dalam novel Sujiwo Tejo, 3) Kritik sosial berupa satire dalam novel Sabdo Cinta Angon Kasih terhadap problematika perpolitikan yang tengah viral di masyarakat.Kata kunci: Problematika, Kritik Sosial,Resepsi, Satire, Politik Abstract The reseach paper is entiltled “ Satire Problem Political Indication in Sujiwo Tejo’s Sabdo Cinta Angon Kasih Novel “.Social problems in the political worlda are increasimgly in the spotight in society. This study aims at this first, studying the relevance of the Sabdopalon puppet. Second, being able to understand Sujiwo Tejo’s reception of Sabdo Palon’s characterization. Third, showing how the form criticism for political elite the perspective of phenomenon that is being viral in the form of political problematic satire. This study data source is in the form of quote in the npvel Sabdo Cinta Angon Kasih by Sujiwo Tejo. Data collection techniques by reading in depth and giving a sign. The results of results of the study are in part the following , !) The story of the puppet show Sabdo Palon, 2) The reception of the figure of Sabdopalon in the novel Sujiwo Tejo’s, and 3) Social criticism in the form of satire in the novel Sabdo Cinta Angon Kasih.Keywords: Problems, Social Criticism, Reception, Satire, Politics
DEKONSTRUKSI TOKOH GURU DESI DALAM NOVEL GURU AINI KARYA ANDREA HIRATA (KAJIAN DEKONSTRUKSI DERRIDA)
Authors: Tatalia Ricci Gemarni , Yulianti Upit
Published: September 2020

Guru Desi merupakan tokoh utama dalam novel Guru Aini karya Andra Hirata yang digambarkan secara antagonis yang memilki karakter pemarah, ditakuti oleh muridnya, dan tidak memiliki sikap toleransi. Berdasarkan hal tersebut dilakukan analisis dekonstruksi tokoh guru Desi. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif. Data dalam penelitian ini berupa kata-kata dan kalimat yang berkaitan dengan karakter tokoh guru Desi. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah novel Guru Aini karya Andrea Hirata. Instrumen dalam penelitian ini adalah peneliti sendiri dengan memanfaatkan alat bantu berupa buku-buku acuan. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa berdasarkan hasil analisis dekonstruksi ditemukan bahwa guru Desi memiliki karakter penyabar, hal ini terlihat dari ketabahannya mengajarkan matematika pada Aini. Selain itu, guru Desi bukanlah guru yang ditakuti tetapi guru yang dikagumi karena kecerdasannya dan keteguhan prinsipnya. Toleransi guru Desi juga dapat ditemukan dari kesempatan yang diberikan oleh guru Desi kepada Aini untuk menjadi murid di kelasnya.Kata kunci: novel, tokoh, dekonstruksi, derrida
Finding Missing Objects in Biblical Hebrew (with an Appendix on Missing Subjects)
Authors: Cook John
Published: September 2020

Missing object complements are significant for the grammar and the lexicon. An explanation is called for of their syntactic status, the basis for their “recovery” or interpretation in discourse, constrictions on what type of objects may be missing, and their information-structure status in the context of object marking more generally. In this essay I present a taxonomy of missing complements in Biblical Hebrew from the perspective of information structure, focusing especially on the syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic bases of their interpretation in the discourse. In an appendix I briefly explore the applicability of this taxonomy of missing objects to explain the interpretation of missing subjects in Biblical Hebrew discourse.
A Fully Bayesian Logistic Regression Model for Classification of ZADA Diabetes Dataset
Authors: Hassan Masoud M.
Published: September 2020

Classification of diabetes data with existing data mining and machine learning algorithms is challenging and the predictions are not always accurate. We aim to build a model that effectively addresses these challenges (misclassification) and can accurately diagnose and classify diabetes. In this study, we investigated the use of Bayesian Logistic Regression (BLR) for mining such data to diagnose and classify various diabetes conditions. This approach is fully Bayesian suited for automating Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation. Using Bayesian methods in analysing medical data is useful because of the rich hierarchical models, uncertainty quantification, and prior information they provide. The analysis was done on a real medical dataset created for 909 patients in Zakho city with a binary class label and seven independent variables. Three different prior distributions (Gaussian, Laplace and Cauchy) were investigated for our proposed model implemented by MCMC. The performance and behaviour of the Bayesian approach were illustrated and compared with the traditional classification algorithms on this dataset using 10-fold cross-validation. Experimental results show overall that classification under BLR with informative Gaussian priors performed better in terms of various accuracy metrics. It provides an accuracy of 92.53%, a recall of 94.85%, a precision of 91.42% and an F1 score of 93.11%. Experimental results suggest that it is worthwhile to explore the application of BLR to predictive modelling tasks in medical studies using informative prior distributions.
TRANSHUMANISM AS A PHILOSOPHY OF MATERIAL TRANSFIGURATION: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS
Authors: Uzomah Michael M. , Attoh Undiekeye S.
Published: September 2020

This paper is a critical expository analysis of the controversial philosophy of transhumanism. The method adopted in this philosophical paper is the expository analytic method. The analysis established that transhumanism is both a biotechnological aspiration as well as a philosophical vision of a material transfiguration of human condition and experience which ultimate culmination is the man-technology singularity or convergence. This paper concludes that notwithstanding contending voices and the pertinent questions raised regarding the moral standing of transhumanist philosophy and their radical dreams for humanity; one fact remains incontestable- the fact that their promises are relishing, enticing and impressive. With regard to whether or not humanity can attain the height envisioned by transhumanist, we confidently hold that the unprecedented legacies and achievements of science and technology overwhelmingly affirm the high probability of the realization of the material transfiguration of humanity.
Enzymatic Production of β-Glucose 1,6-Bisphosphate Through Manipulation of Catalytic Magnesium Coordination
Authors: Wood Henry P , Baxter Nicola J , Trevitt Clare R , Cruz-Navarrete F Aaron , Hounslow Andrea M , Waltho Jonathan P
Published: September 2020

Manipulation of enzyme behaviour represents a sustainable technology that can be harnessed to enhance the production of valuable metabolites and chemical precursors. b-glucose 1,6-bisphosphate (bG16BP) is a native reaction intermediate in the catalytic cycle of b-phosphoglucomutase (bPGM) that has been proposed as a treatment for human congenital disorder of glycosylation involving phosphomannomutase 2 (PMM2). Studies of both bPGM and PMM2 could benefit from a green and high-yielding method for bG16BP production. Three strategies have been reported previously for the synthesis of bG16BP; however, each of these methods either delivers low yields or uses chemicals and procedures with significant environmental impacts. Herein, through combined use of NMR spectroscopy, kinetic assays and site-directed mutagenesis, we report the efficient enzymatic synthesis of anomer-specific bG16BP using a variant of bPGM. Further purification, employing a simple environmentally considerate precipitation procedure requiring only a standard biochemical toolset, results in a product with high purity and yield. Moreover, this synthesis strategy illustrates how manipulation of the catalytic magnesium coordination of an enzyme can be utilised to generate large quantities of a valuable metabolite.
A Practical and Modular Construction of C(sp3)-rich Alkyl Boron Compounds
Authors: Yang Yangyang , Tsien Jet , David Ayala Ben , Hughes Jonathan , Merchant Rohan , Qin Tian
Published: September 2020

Alkyl boronic acids and esters play an important role in the synthesis of C(sp3) rich medicines, agrochemicals, and other materials. This work describes a new type of transition-metal free mediated transformation to enable the construction of C(sp3)-rich, and sterically hindered alkyl boron reagents in a practical and modular manner. The broad generality and functional group tolerance of this method is extensively examined through a variety of substrates, including synthesis and late-stage functionalization of scaffolds relevant to medicinal chemistry. The strategic significance of this approach, with alkyl boronic acid as a linchpin, is demonstrated through various downstream functionalizations of the alkyl boron compounds. This two-step concurrent cross-coupling approach, resembling formal and flexible alkyl-alkyl couplings, provides a general entry to previously synthetically challenging high Fsp3-containing drug-like scaffolds.
Speed-Dependent Adaptive Partitioning QM/MM for Displacement Damage Simulations
Authors: Yang Zenghui
Published: September 2020

Solids receive displacement damages (DD) when interacting with energetic particles, which may happen during the fabrication of semiconductor devices, in harsh environments and in certain analysis techniques. Simulations of the DD generation are usually carried out with classical molecular dynamics (MD), but classical MD does not account for all the effects in DD, as demonstrated by ab initio calculations of model systems in literature. A fully ab initio simulation of the DD generation is impractical due to the large number of atoms involved. In my previous paper [Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 22, 19307 (2020)], I developed an adaptive-center (AC) method for adaptive-partitioning (AP) quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) simulations, allowing the active region centers and the QM/MM partition to be determined on-the-fly for energy-conserving AP-QM/MM methods. I demonstrated that the AC-AP-QM/MM is applicable to the simulation of the DD generation, so that the active regions can be treated with an ab initio method. The AC method was unable to identify the fast-moving recoil ions in the DD generation as active region centers, however, and the accuracy is negatively affected by the rapid change in QM/MM partition of the system. In this paper, I extend the AC method and develop a speed-dependent adaptive-center (SDAC) method for proper AP-QM/MM simulations of DD. The SDAC method is applicable to general problems with speed-dependent active regions, and is compatible with all existing energy-conserving partition-by-distance AP-QM/MM methods. The artifact due to the speed-dependent potential energy surface can be made small by choosing proper criteria. I demonstrate the SDAC method by simulations of the DD generation in bulk Silicon.
A Bidentate iodine(III)-Based Halogen Bond Donor as Powerful Organocatalyst
Authors: Heinen Flemming , Reinhard Dominik , Engelage Elric , Huber Stefan
Published: September 2020

In contrast to iodine(I)-based halogen bond donors, iodine(III)-derived ones have only been used as Lewis acidic organocatalysts in a handful of examples, and in all cases they acted in a monodentate fashion. Herein, we report the first application of a bidentate bis(iodolium) salt as organocatalyst in a Michael and a nitro-Michael addition reaction as well as in a Diels-Alder reaction that had not been activated by noncovalent organocatalysts before. In all cases, the performance of this bidentate XB donor distinctly surpassed the one of arguably the currently strongest iodine(I)-based organocatalyst. Bidentate coordination to the substrate was corroborated by a structural analysis and by DFT calculations of the transition states. Overall, the catalytic activity of the bis(iodolium) system approaches that of strong Lewis acids like BF3.
Predi-XY: A Python Program for Automated Generation of NICS-XY-Scans Based on an Additivity Scheme
Authors: Wahab Alexandra , Fleckenstein Felix , Feusi Stefan , Gershoni-Poranne Renana
Published: September 2020

We detail the development of a new Python-based program for automatic generation of NICS-XY-Scans of cata-condensed polycyclic aromatic systems. The program uses an underlying additivity scheme, which enables generation of the Scans using only smaller building blocks within the larger systems, and circumvents the need for quantum mechanical calculations.
Retrosynthetic Accessibility Score (RAscore) - Rapid Machine Learned Synthesizability Classification from AI Driven Retrosynthetic Planning
Authors: Thakkar Amol , Chadimova Veronika , Bjerrum Esben Jannik , Engkvist Ola , Reymond Jean-Louis
Published: September 2020

Computer aided synthesis planning (CASP) is part of a suite of artificial intelligence (AI) based tools that are able to propose synthesis to a wide range of compounds. However, at present they are too slow to be used to screen the synthetic feasibility of millions of generated or enumerated compounds before identification of potential bioactivity by virtual screening (VS) workflows. Herein we report a machine learning (ML) based method capable of classifying whether a synthetic route can be identified for a particular compound or not by the CASP tool AiZynthFinder. The resulting ML models return a retrosynthetic accessibility score (RAscore) of any molecule of interest, and computes 4,500 times faster than retrosynthetic analysis performed by the underlying CASP tool. The RAscore should be useful for the pre-screening millions of virtual molecules from enumerated databases or generative models for synthetic accessibility and produce higher quality databases for virtual screening of biological activity.
The Ocean’s Elevator: Evolution of the Air-Seawater Interface During a Small-Scale Algal Bloom
Authors: Rogers Mickey , Neal Jennifer , Saha Ankur , Algarni Abdullah , Hill Thomas , Allen Heather
Published: September 2020

We explore in situ the surface properties of marine algal blooms of diatom monocultures by utilizing surface techniques of Brewster angle microscopy (BAM) imaging, vibrational sum frequency generation spectroscopy (SFG), and infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS). Over the course of the bloom, the marine algae produce surface-active biogenic molecules that temporally partition to the topmost interfacial layers and are selectively probed through surface imaging and spectroscopic measurements. BAM images show morphological structural changes and heterogeneity in the interfacial films with increasing density of surface-active biogenic molecules. Film thickness calculations quantified the average surface thickness over time. The image results reveal an ~5 nm thick surface region in the late stages of the bloom which correlates to typical sea surface nanolayer thicknesses. Our surface-specific SFG spectroscopy results show significant diminishing in the intensity of the dangling OH bond of surface water molecules consistent with organic molecules partitioning and replacing water at the air-seawater interface as the algal bloom progresses. Interestingly, we observe a new broad peak appear between 3500 cm-1 to 3600 cm-1 in the late stages of the bloom that is attributed to weak hydrogen bonding interactions of water to the surface-active biogenic matter. IRRAS confirms the presence of organic molecules at the surface as we observe increasing intensity of vibrational alkyl modes and the appearance of a proteinaceous amide band. Our work shows the often overlooked but vast potential of tracking changes in the interfacial regime of small-scale laboratory marine algal blooms. By coupling surface imaging and vibrational spectroscopies to complex, time-evolving, marine-relevant systems, we provide additional insight into unraveling the temporal complexity of sea spray aerosol compositions.
Smoking and COVID-19: Renin-Angiotensin System the Hidden Link
Authors: Amar Prashad Chaudhary  , Adna Nelson K  , Jamuna T R
Published: September 2020

The emergence of COVID-19, the global pandemic is originated from the Nobel member of the family, i.e. SARS-COV-2 initially seen at Wuhan city of China since December 2019 have deeply impacted the lives of people and changed the way of our living. The pandemic has led to the death of thousands of people mostly seen in old age people, people having co-morbidity like cardiovascular disease, diabetes , obesity, kidney disease, etc. and cigarette smokers. It is found that cigarette smokers are more prone to the COVID-19 infection and have more severity of the disease when infected. From various studies, it has been revealed that there is increased pulmonary ACE2 expression in ever smokers and virus leading to an imbalance in the RAS appears to be an important cause for cigarette smokers which is being impacted more in this pandemic. This review article explains the underlying mechanism why smokers are more prone to COVID-19? why higher severity of the disease is higher in them?
Egzekucja z ruchomości według włoskiego Kodeksu Postępowania Cywilnego – zagadnienia wybrane
Authors: Krakowiak Michał
Published: September 2020

Przedmiot badań: Regulacja polskiego Kodeksu postępowania cywilnego o egzekucji z rucho­mości w sądowym postępowaniu egzekucyjnym, obowiązująca od 1.01.2019 r., jest kontrower­syjna w wielu aspektach. Skłoniło to do analizy rozwiązań ustawodawstw obcych. W niniejszym opracowaniu jako przedmiot badań przyjęto prawo włoskie. Wybór tego porządku prawnego po­dyktowany jest istnieniem oryginalnych instytucji w egzekucji z ruchomości, w szczególności w kwestiach zmienionych w prawie polskim od 1.01.2019 r.

Cel badawczy: Celem opracowania jest analiza warunków prawnych, w jakich przeprowadza się egzekucję z ruchomości we włoskim prawie egzekucyjnym. Przedmiotem zainteresowania Autora jest ustalenie, czy rozwiązania prawa polskiego wpisują się w model egzekucji z rucho­mości obowiązujący w prawie włoskim. Autor postawił pytania dotyczące tego, w jaki sposób ustawodawca włoski uregulował zagadnienia miejsca przeprowadzania czynności zajęcia rzeczy, katalogu ruchomości bezwzględnie i względnie wyłączonych spod zajęcia, formy i czasu zajęcia, czynności zajęcia następczego oraz sprzedaż zajętych rzeczy.1

Metoda badawcza: W opracowaniu posłużono się metodą dogmatyczną i prawnoporównawczą.

Wyniki: W wyniku przeprowadzonej analizy włoskiego prawa egzekucyjnego i poglądów wyra­żonych w doktrynie można dojść do wniosku, że w porównaniu z prawem obcym polskie przepisy o egzekucji z ruchomości są bardzo rygorystyczne i w praktyce zawężają zakres ich stosowania. Należy zwrócić uwagę na interesujące – z punktu widzenia dogmatyki prawa i praktyki egzeku­cyjnej – rozwiązania włoskiej egzekucji z ruchomości. Jak wynika z przeprowadzonych badań, ustawodawca wprowadził możliwość wydania w każdej sprawie na wniosek wierzyciela przez prezesa sądu lub wyznaczonego sędziego – zezwolenia komornikowi na zajęcie oznaczonych rzeczy, które nie znajdują się w miejscach należących do dłużnika, lecz podlegają sprzedaży eg­zekucyjnej. W prawie włoskim, inaczej niż w ustawodawstwie polskim, ustalono termin ważności czynności zajęcia, przyjmując, że traci ono moc po upływie czterdziestu pięciu dni, licząc od jego ukończenia w razie braku sprzedaży rzeczy lub zaliczenia ich wartości na poczet długu. Analiza prawnoporównawcza doprowadza także do wniosku, że polskie przepisy o sprzedaży zajętych w egzekucji ruchomości są bardzo sformalizowane. W prawie włoskim istnieją dwa zasadnicze sposoby spieniężenia rzeczy tj. sprzedaż komisowa i licytacyjna przy cyzm co istotne sprzedaż komisowa odbywa się zupełnie poza postępowaniem egzekucyjnym, bowiem zostaje przekazana podmiotowi trzeciemu do jej przeprowadzenia. Komisant sprzedaje rzeczy we własnym imieniu , na rachunek i zlecenie organu władzy publicznej.
HARGA TRANSFER DAN TINGKAT PAJAK YANG EFEKTIF: KESAKSIAN DARI PERUSAHAAN MULTINASIONAL YANG TERDAFTAR DI NIGERIA
Authors: ADEGBITE Tajudeen Adejare , BOJUWON Mustapha , MUBARAQ Sanni
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini menguji pengaruh Transfer Pricing terhadap tarif pajak efektif perusahaan multinasional terpilih di Nigeria. Data sekunder diperoleh dari laporan tahunan yang diterbitkan perusahaan multinasional terpilih yang terdaftar di bursa saham Nigeria dari 2009 hingga 2018. Hasil analisis data panel menunjukkan bahwa ukuran perusahaan, leverage, aset tidak berwujud, harga Transfer berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap tarif pajak efektif di Nigeria. Ini meramalkan bahwa perusahaan menggunakan Harga Transfer, Leverage, Ukuran Perusahaan, dan Aset Tidak Berwujud untuk menghindari atau mengurangi tarif pajak efektif di perusahaan-perusahaan Nigeria. Juga, sebagian besar perusahaan yang dikutip secara taktis menetapkan harga transfer antar perusahaan buatan untuk memfasilitasi penghindaran pajak perusahaan.
EFEKTIFITAS PSIKOEDUKASI KEMAMPUAN EMPATI DALAM MENINGKATKAN TOLERANSI BERAGAMA PADA MAHASISWA SALAH SATU PERGURUAN TINGGI SWASTA DI JAKARTA
Authors: Sofwana Hania Maria , Rosiana Fitri , Haryanto Handrix Chris
Published: September 2020

Konflik akibat intoleransi hingga saat ini masih sering terjadi dan melibatkan berbagai lapisan masyarakat, salah satunya adalah mahasiswa. Mahasiswa sebagai harapan masa depan bangsa dalam mengemban amanah kepemimpinan dan agen perubahan sosial, kiranya harus dibekali dengan pengetahun, pengalaman, dan kebijaksanaan yang cukup dalam menyikapi pluralitas bangsa yang sangat tinggi. Toleransi beragama mencakup masalah-masalah keyakinan dalam diri manusia yang berhubungan dengan akidah atau ketuhanan yang diyakininya. Salah satu faktor yang memengaruhi toleransi adalah empati. Adapun intervensi yang dapat meningkatkan kemampuan empati salah satunya adalah psikoedukasi. Penelitian ini, bertujuan untuk menguji efektifitas psikoedukasi empati dalam meningkatkan toleransi beragama pada mahasiswa-mahasiswa salah satu perguruan tinggi swasta di Jakarta. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kuasi eksperimen dengan desain dua kelompok non-randomized pretest-posttest control group design. Penelitian ini terdiri dari 94 orang mahasiswa dengan kriteria mahasiswa semester 1 dan semester 3 (dimana 49 mahasiswa semseter 3 sebagai kelompok eksperimen dan 45 mahasiswa semseter 1sebagai kelompok kontrol).  Skala toleransi beragama digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data. Hasil penelitian dengan analisis statistik Uji Mann Whitney dan hasil yang diperoleh adalah taraf signifikansi p=0,000 (<0,05). Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan skor posttest antara kelompok eksperimen dan kelompok kontrol. Kelompok yang mendapat psikoedukasi kemampuan empati menunjukkan peningkatan dalam toleransi beragama dibandingkan kelompok yang tidak mendapat psikoedukasi kemampuan empati. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa psikoedukasi kemampuan empati efektif dalam meningkatkan toleransi beragama mahasiswa.
Is participation in Care Groups associated with enhanced diet quality amongst women and children? Experiences from Zimbabwe
Authors: Ncube-Murakwani Pamela , Nyathi Craig , Dzimba Mutsa , Dube Sijabulisiwe , Moyo Shamiso
Published: September 2020

The Amalima program, a United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Office of Food for Peace intervention, has been promoting Care Groups from 2014 to 2020 in a resource constrained setting in Zimbabwe. Care Groups are community-based peer-to-peer support groups for mothers, which provide a platform for promoting recommended maternal, infant and young nutrition practices. The researchers conducted a study to compare the quality of the diet for children and mothers participating in Care Groups and children and mothers not participating in Care Groups. The research was conducted in two districts (Gwanda and Tsholotsho) in Zimbabwe across 8 purposively selected sites, six years after project implementation began. A total of 242 children aged 6 to 23 months and 168 women beneficiaries were included in the study. We analysed consumption of the three non-staple food groups promoted by the Care Groups under the theme ‘Four Star Diet’ namely vegetables and fruits, legumes and animal source foods. Our results showed that children whose caregivers were members of Care Groups had a higher consumption of pulses and legumes (29% vs 1%; p = 0.00001), fruits and vegetables (33% vs 18%; p = 0.00104) and animal source foods (59% vs 26%; p = 0.00001) compared to children whose caregivers were not Care Group members. There was no difference in diet quality between women participating or not participating in Care groups. Efforts should be put in place to increase participation in Care Groups, as they serve as a key contact point to support recommended infant and young child nutrition practices during the first 1000 days of life. There is a need to explore barriers to Care Group participation and develop a strategy to address the barriers for non-Care Group participants. Future programs should explore the reasons behind the limited impact that Care Group attendance had on the diet quality for women.
ICBCA – Improved Cluster Based Channel Allocation in Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks
Authors: Agarkhed Jayashree , Gatate Veeranna
Published: September 2020

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) operate in an overcrowded electromagnetic environment, as the spectrum is shared by various wireless communication technologies. This gives rise to various challenges related to optimized and eﬃcient spectrum utilization. Cognitive radio (CR) has emerged as a solution satisfying this requirement, as it is capable of adapting to the dynamic radio spectrum. Thanks to the deployment of cognitive radio in WSNs, the spectrum may be utilized in a more eﬃcient manner. CR may identify the vacant channels dynamically, allowing the sensor nodes to eﬀectively communicate with each other. In this paper a clustering algorithm known as improved cluster-based channel assignment (ICBCA) is implemented, forming clusters of CR sensor nodes and then selecting vacant channels for data transmission purposes. Simulation results show that ICBCA outperforms existing clustering algorithms in CR sensor networks
TECHNOLOGICAL PENDAGOGICAL CONTENT KNOWLEDGE UNTUK MENINGKATKAN CRITICAL AND CREATIVE THINGKING SKILLS SISWA
Authors: Kodri Kodri , Budiwati Neti , Waspada Ika Putera
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran tentang Technological Pendagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK), critical and creative thingking skills siswa dan pengaruh TPACK. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif. Subjek penelitian ini berjumlah 100 siswa dari dua SMA yang menjadi lokasi penelitian yang dipilih secara random. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif untuk mendapatkan gambaran TPACK guru ekonomi dan critical and creative thingking skills siswa, regresi sederhana untuk mengetahui pengaruh TPACK terhadap critical and creative thingking skills siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukan TPACK guru dan critical and creative thingking skills siswa SMA Negeri di Kota Bandung berada pada kondisi sedang. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh adalah terdapat pengaruh TPACK terhadap critical and creative thingking skills siswa. Artinya, jika terjadi peningkatan TPACK guru maka critical and creative thingking skills siswa juga akan meningkat.
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Video Animasi Menggunakan Software Powtoon Pada Materi SPLDV
Authors: Garsinia Dika , Kusumawati Ratih , Wahyuni Arie
Published: September 2020

This research uses quantitative descriptive methods. The subjects of this study were 28 students of class VIII Al Bisyri Islamic Middle School. Data obtained by observation, questionnaire, and written test. ADDIE development model (Analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation). Data collection instruments used in the form of learning media questionnaires, student response questionnaires, rational test results. From the results of the research process obtained the value of media experts with an average score of 87.08 (good category), while the mathematics teacher material experts obtained an average score of 88.57 (very good category) so that the media included in the valid category. From the results of the practicality of Powtoon animation video learning media obtained an average score of 84.96 (practical categories), so that it meets the practical aspects in terms of effective, interactive, interesting, efficient, and creative. Whereas based on the posttest value which is higher than the pretest value, the posttest value is 81.50 higher than the pretest value of 67.57 that the effective learning media is used. Based on this analysis it can be concluded that the video animation media using Powtoon software has fulfilled valid, practical and effective criteria.
Analisis Kesulitan Siswa SMP dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Materi Teorema Pythagoras
Authors: Wulandari Lila , Riajanto Marchasan Lexbin Elvi Judah
Published: September 2020

Difficulties experienced by students in learning greatly affect the achievement of student learning outcomes. This study aims to describe the results of the identification of the types of difficulties and the causes of student difficulties when solving problems based on Polya stages. This type of research is descriptive qualitative with the instrument used in written tests. The subjects of the research were 36 students of class IX at SMP Negeri 9 Cimahi. Based on the analysis that has been done, it can be concluded that the difficulties experienced by junior high school students when completing the Pythagorean theorem questions in the school are 1) difficulty understanding the problem 100%, 2) difficulty planning the completion of 40%, 3) difficulty implementing the plan 54.4%, and 4) difficulty in re-checking 76.7%. The causes of difficulties include 1) students are not accustomed to writing things that are known and asked of a problem 2) students are not accustomed to drawing conclusions from a mathematical problem 3) Concept errors because students do not understand the concept of the material. So, it is necessary to improve the learning process that prioritizes learning concepts rather than memorizing. Students must be accustomed to solving the application problems of a material. So, students will be able to solve contextual problems related to the material.