bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conflicts of Interest in Academic Publishing: When in Doubt, Declare!
Authors: Misra Durga Prasanna , Ravindran Vinod
Published: September 2019

Financial and Competing Interests: DPM is an Associate Editor of Rheumatology International, Associate Editor of Indian Journal of Rheumatology and editorial board member of Clinical Rheumatology, Mediterranean Journal of Rheumatology, Archives of Rheumatology, African Journal of Rheumatology and Central Asian Journal of Medical Hypotheses and Ethics. VR is the Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh ( JRCPE). This paper has undergone peer review in accordance with JRCPE's policies. VR is also Emeritus Editor of the Indian Journal of Rheumatology and an editorial board member of Rheumatology Advances in Practice (Oxford)
Patient Perceptions of Their Decision to Undergo Palliative Chemotherapy in the Edinburgh Cancer Centre
Authors: Bowden Joanna , Gwyther Beth , Price Allan , Swan Amanda , Nussey Fiona , Hacking Belinda , Shearer Morven , Lloyd Anna
Published: September 2019

Background

The decision to undergo chemotherapy for incurable cancer demands informed discussions about the risks and benefits of proposed treatments. Research has shown that many patients have a poor grasp of these factors.

Methods

An evaluation of the patient experience of palliative chemotherapy decision-making was undertaken. Patients with lung or gynaecological cancers were surveyed about their decision, what they understood about its risks and benefits, and how supported they felt.

Results

A total of 29 people with lung cancer (n = 21) or gynaecological cancer (n = 8) completed questionnaires. The majority felt sure about their decision, though many were less sure of the risks and benefits of treatment. Unprompted comments revealed significant nuance, including that the decision to undergo chemotherapy may not necessarily have felt like a choice.

Conclusions

Our positive findings may reflect participant selection bias, or could represent genuine comfort in decision-making in Scottish oncology clinics. Further research is needed.
Analysis of the Operative Treatment for Pilon Fracture
Authors: Chu Hui , Yu Hang , Zhu Kejun , Ren Ding , Xu Xibing , Huang Hong
Published: September 2019

Background

Pilon fracture is common clinical joint fracture and difficult to treat. It has high requirements on reduction and fixation. The selection of treatments is challengeable. In order to recover the ankle function maximize, there are many treatments proposed in paper recently, but no further studies. Therefore, patients of our hospital with Pilon fracture were followed up and the treatments were compared by different operations.

Materials and methods

Eighty-eight patients from August 2003 to October 2010 treated with conservative treatment, open reduction and internal fixation, external fixation combined with limited open reduction and internal fixation and external fixation were retrospectively analyzed.

Results

Seventy-eight cases were followed up in 88 patients, 66 cases were treated with operation. Postoperative complications: malunion in 7 cases, wound infection and delayed healing in 5 cases, delayed union in 2 cases and traumatic arthritis in 4 cases. At the same time, ankle function of type III Pilon fracture after operation was scored by Tornetta.

Conclusion

choose a suitable operation style and time according to Pilon fracture type and degree of soft tissue and use external fixator combined with limited internal fixation for fracture reduction properly, a good clinical effect can be achieved after surgery.

How to cite this article

Chu H, Yu H, Zhu K, Ren D, Xu X, Huang H. Analysis of the Operative Treatment for Pilon Fracture. J Foot Ankle Surg (Asia-Pacific) 2015;2(2):86-89.
A competência em informação no contexto do trabalho: uma revisão sistemática da literatura voltada para industria 4.0
Authors: Ottonicar Selma Leticia Capinzaiki , Valentim Marta Lígia Pomim
Published: September 2019

Objetivo: A Indústria 4.0 está transformando os meios de produção e modo de trabalho nas organizações. Nesse contexto, as máquinas e os sistemas estão conectados e transferem dados. Por isso, cada vez mais as organizações necessitam de pessoas competentes em informação, devido a produção massiva de dados e informações da Indústria 4.0. O objetivo é identificar como a literatura científica tem tratado a competência em informação no contexto da Indústria 4.0.Método: Utiliza a Revisão Sistemática da Literatura com abordagem qualitativa, a partir da busca em 10 bases de dados nacionais e internacionais: ProQuest Central, ProQuest LISA, EBSCO LISTA, BRAPCI, Anais do ENANCIB, SCOPUS, SciELO, Web of Science, Érudit e o Portal de Periódicos da CAPES.Resultado: Evidencia-se que, ainda, há uma lacuna de conhecimento no que se refere a competência em informação no contexto da Indústria 4.0. Nessa perspectiva, destaca-se que é uma oportunidade para o desenvolvimento de pesquisas neste campo do conhecimento. Além disso, os pesquisadores têm demonstrado algumas preocupações com as possíveis consequências geradas pela Indústria 4.0 como, por exemplo, a redução do número de empregos e o aumento da desigualdade social.Conclusões: A competência em informação é o primeiro passo para que a sociedade tenha condições para lidar com os problemas desencadeados pela Indústria 4.0. Assim, seu desenvolvimento, aplicação e consolidação é crucial para que as pessoas critiquem de maneira inteligente tais transformações. É preciso compreender os interesses dos desenvolvedores das tecnologias disruptivas, o papel do Governo e os interesses dos empresários. Essa compreensão ocorre por meio do acesso, apropriação, reflexão, crítica, uso e reuso da informação de maneira inteligente..
Could the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio serve as a marker in the diagnosis and prediction of acute appendicitis complications in children?
Authors: Begic-Kapetanovic Sadeta , Avdagic Nesina , Zaciragic Asija , Hasic Sabaheta , Babic Nermina , Hadzimuratovic Adnan
Published: September 2019

Introduction

Acute appendicitis (AA) is the most common surgical condition of the abdomen in children. The aim of this study was to analyse the possible use of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in the diagnosis and prediction of AA complications in children.

Material and methods

We included 170 AA patients under 15 years of age, who were divided into the following groups: Group 1 – non-operated patients with AA, and Group 2 – patients who underwent appendectomy. Based on pathologic grades of AA, Group 2 was subdivided into: Group A – phlegmonous, Group B – gangrenous, and Group C – perforated AA. NLR was calculated as the absolute neutrophil count divided by the absolute lymphocyte count.

Results

In Group 2 NLR was significantly higher than in Group 1 (5.5 [1.9–9.9] vs. 2.3 [1.2–3.7]; p < 0.001). A significant difference in NLR was found between Group C and Group A (p < 0.001), and as well as between Group B and Group A (p = 0.001). The determined optimal cut-off value of NLR in differentiating Group 1 vs. Group 2 was ≥ 3.48 (p < 0.001). In differentiating Group A from Group C the optimal cut-off value of NLR was ≥ 5.61 (p < 0.001). Furthermore, optimal cut-off value of NLR in differentiating Group A from Group B was ≥ 5.45 (p = 0.001).

Conclusions

The obtained results suggest that NLR could be used as a simple and reliable test in the diagnosis and prediction of AA complications in children. However, to draw definite conclusions on the predictive power of NLR as a marker of AA large multicentric studies are required.
Response of middle atmospheric temperature to the solar 27-day cycle: an analysis of 13 years of MLS data
Authors: Rong Piao , von Savigny Christian , Zhang Chunmin , Hoffmann Christoph G. , Schwartz Michael J.
Published: September 2019

Abstract. This work focuses on studying the presence and characteristics of solar 27-day signatures in middle atmospheric temperature observed by the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) on NASA’s Aura spacecraft. The 27-day signatures in temperature are extracted using the superposed epoch analysis (SEA) technique. We use time-lagged linear regression (sensitivity analysis) and a Monte-Carlo test method (significance test) to explore the dependence of the results on latitude and altitude, on solar activity and season, as well as on different parameters (e.g., smoothing filter, window width and epoch centers). Using different parameters does impact the results to a certain degree, but it does not affect the overall results. Analyzing the 13-year data set shows that highly significant solar 27-day signatures in middle atmospheric temperature are present at many altitudes and latitudes. A tendency to higher temperature sensitivity to solar forcing in the winter hemisphere is found. In addition, the sensitivity of temperature to solar 27-day forcing tends to be larger at high latitudes than at low latitudes. For solar 11-year minimum conditions no statistically significant identification of a solar 27-day signature is possible at most altitudes and latitudes. Several results we obtained suggest that processes other than solar variability drive atmospheric temperature variability at periods around 27-days. Comparisons of the obtained sensitivity values with earlier experimental and model studies show good overall agreement.
Technical note: Common glitch affecting the EC/OC split point determination in the Sunset Thermal-Optical Analyzerand recommendations to reduce its occurrence
Authors: Gagné Stéphanie , Smith Brett , Smallwood Gregory J. , Corbin Joel C.
Published: September 2019

Abstract. We identified a common and relatively frequent glitch in the light transmittance/reflectance measurement during thermal-optical analysis in the Sunset Laboratory bench top thermal-optical analyzer models. In the instrument studied, the glitch is observed for one in three punch analyses when using the default analysis parameters. The occurrence of this glitch can invalidate the split point and thus the OC and EC fractions and absolute quantities reported. The glitch was observed in data from at least three independent laboratories using different thermal protocols. We describe this glitch as a “discontinuity” (rapid increase or decrease occurring over a few seconds) in the laser transmittance or reflectance which happens relatively frequently and whose behaviour varies in amplitude, timing and direction. We use over 2,200 filter-punch analyses to expose the factors that contribute to the risk of such a discontinuity occurring. We demonstrate that these discontinuities are due to the movement of filter punches within the instrument, and can therefore be minimized by decreasing the blower speed of the instrument and, if possible, by ensuring a tighter fit of the filter punch in its holder (by testing different spoons). The decrease in blower speed has a negligible effect on the measured temperature program during analysis and is the single most effective way to reduce the risk of discontinuity occurrence. We recommend these modifications for all Sunset instruments.
Teleconnections and relationship between ENSO and SAM in reconstructions and models over the past millennium
Authors: Dätwyler Christoph , Grosjean Martin , Steiger Nathan J. , Neukom Raphael
Published: September 2019

Abstract. The climate of the Southern Hemisphere (SH) is strongly influenced by variations in the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Southern Annular Mode (SAM). Due to the temporally very limited instrumental records in most parts of the SH, very little is known about the relationship between these two key modes of variability and its stability over time. Here, we use proxy-based reconstructions and climate model simulations to quantify changes in tropical-extratropical SH teleconnections as represented by the correlation between the ENSO and SAM indices. Reconstructions indicate mostly negative correlations back to around 1400 CE confirming the pattern seen in the instrumental record over the last few decades. An ensemble of last millennium simulations of the model CESM1 confirms this pattern with very stable ensemble mean correlations around −0.3. Individual forced simulations, the pre-industrial control run and the proxy-based reconstructions indicate intermittent periods of positive correlations and particularly strong negative correlations. The fluctuations of the ENSO-SAM correlations are not significantly related to solar nor volcanic forcing in both proxy and model data, indicating that they are driven by internal variability in the climate system. Pseudoproxy experiments indicate that the currently available proxy records are able to reproduce the tropical-extratropical teleconnection patterns back to around 1600 CE. We analyse the spatial temperature and sea level pressure patterns during periods of positive and particularly strong negative teleconnections in the CESM model. Results indicate no consistent pattern during periods where the ENSO-SAM teleconnection changes its sign. However, periods of very strong negative SH teleconnections are associated with negative temperature anomalies across large fractions of the extra-tropical Pacific and a strengthening of the Aleutian Low.
Groundwater storage dynamics in the world's large aquifer systems
from GRACE: uncertainty and role of extreme precipitation
Authors: Shamsudduha Mohammad , Taylor Richard G.
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Under variable and changing climates groundwater storage sustains vital ecosystems and enables freshwater withdrawals globally for agriculture, drinking-water, and industry. Here, we assess recent changes in groundwater storage (ΔGWS) from 2002 to 2016 in 37 of the world's large aquifer systems using an ensemble of datasets from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and Land Surface Models (LSMs). Ensemble GRACE-derived ΔGWS is well reconciled to in-situ observations (r = 0.62–0.86, p value  0.5, p value  90th percentile, 1901–2016) precipitation and is inconsistent with prevailing narratives of global-scale groundwater depletion. Substantial uncertainty remains in estimates of GRACE-derived ΔGWS, evident from 20 realisations presented here, but these data provide a regional context to changes in groundwater storage observed more locally through piezometry.
Are we talking just a bit of water out of bank? Or is it Armageddon? Front line perspectives on transitioning to probabilistic fluvial flood forecasts in England
Authors: Arnal Louise , Anspoks Liz , Manson Susan , Neumann Jessica , Norton Tim , Stephens Elisabeth , Wolfenden Louise , Cloke Hannah Louise
Published: September 2019

Abstract. The inclusion of uncertainty in flood forecasts is a recent, important yet challenging endeavour. In the chaotic and far from certain world we live in, probabilistic estimates of potential future floods are vital. By showing the uncertainty surrounding a prediction, probabilistic forecasts can give an earlier indication of potential future floods, increasing the amount of time we have to prepare. In practice, making a binary decision based on probabilistic information is challenging. The Environment Agency (EA), responsible for managing risks of flooding in England, is in the process of a transition to probabilistic fluvial flood forecasts. A series of interviews were carried out with EA decision-makers (i.e. duty officers) to understand how this transition might affect their decision-making activities. The interviews highlight the complex and evolving landscape (made of alternative hard scientific facts and soft values) in which EA duty officers operate, where forecasts play an integral role in decision-making. While EA duty officers already account for uncertainty and communicate their confidence in the system they use, they view the transition to probabilistic flood forecasts as both an opportunity and a challenge in practice. Based on the interview results, recommendations are made to the EA to ensure a successful transition to probabilistic forecasts for flood early warning in England. We believe that this paper is of wide interest for a range of sectors at the intersection between geoscience and society. A glossary of technical terms is highlighted by asterisks in the text and included in Appendix A.
The Coastline Evolution Model 2D (CEM2D) V1.1
Authors: Leach Chloe , Coulthard Tom , Barkwith Andrew , Parsons Daniel R. , Manson Susan
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Coasts are among the most intensely used environments on the planet, but they also present dynamic and unique hazards including flooding and erosion. Sea level rise and changing wave climates will alter patterns of erosion and deposition, but some existing coastline evolution models are unable to simulate these effects due to their one-dimensional representation of the systems, or of sediment transport processes. In this paper, the development and application of the Coastline Evolution Model 2D (CEM2D) is presented, that incorporates these influences. The model has been developed from the established CEM model and is capable of simulating fundamental cause-effect relationships in coastal systems. The two-dimensional storage and transport of sediment in CEM2D, which is only done in one-dimension in CEM, means it is also capable of exploring the influence of a variable water level on sediment transport and the formation and evolution of morphological features and landforms at the meso-scale, from 10 to 100 years and over 10 to 100 kilometres. The model sits between one-dimensional and three-dimensional models, with the advantage of increased complexity and detail in model outputs compared to the former, but with more efficiency and less computational expense than the latter.
Time-lapse cross-hole electrical resistivity tomography (CHERT) for
monitoring seawater intrusion dynamics in a Mediterranean aquifer
Authors: Palacios Andrea , Ledo Juan José , Linde Niklas , Luquot Linda , Bellmunt Fabian , Folch Albert , Marcuello Alex , Queralt Pilar , Pezard Philippe A. , Martínez Laura , Bosch David , Carrera Jesús
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Surface electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) is a widely used tool to study seawater intrusion (SWI). It is noninvasive and offers a high spatial coverage at a low cost, but it is strongly affected by decreasing resolution with depth. We conjecture that the use of CHERT (cross-hole ERT) can partly overcome these resolution limitations since the electrodes are placed at depth, which implies that the model resolution does not decrease in the zone of interest. The objective of this study is to evaluate the CHERT for imaging the SWI and monitoring its dynamics at the Argentona site, a well-instrumented field site of a coastal alluvial aquifer located 40 km NE of Barcelona. To do so, we installed permanent electrodes around boreholes attached to the PVC pipes to perform time-lapse monitoring of the SWI on a transect perpendicular to the coastline. After two years of monitoring, we observe variability of SWI at different time scales: (1) natural seasonal variations and aquifer salinization that we attribute to long-term drought and (2) short-term fluctuations due to sea storms or flooding in the nearby stream during heavy rain events. The spatial imaging of bulk electrical conductivity allows us to explain non-trivial salinity profiles in open boreholes (step-wise profiles really reflect the presence of fresh water at depth). By comparing CHERT results with traditional in situ measurements such as electrical conductivity of water samples and bulk electrical conductivity from induction logs, we conclude that CHERT is a reliable and cost-effective imaging tool for monitoring SWI dynamics.
A multi-environmental tracer study to determine groundwater residence times and recharge in a structurally complex multi-aquifer
system
Authors: Wilske Cornelia , Suckow Axel , Mallast Ulf , Meier Christiane , Merchel Silke , Merkel Broder , Pavetich Stefan , Rödiger Tino , Rugel Georg , Sachse Agnes , Weise Stephan M. , Siebert Christian
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Despite being the main drinking water resource for over five million people, the water balance of the Eastern Mountain Aquifer system on the western side of the Dead Sea is poorly understood. The regional aquifer consists of fractured and karstified limestone – aquifers of Cretaceous age and can be separated in Cenomanian aquifer (upper aquifer) and Albian aquifer (lower aquifer). Both aquifers are exposed along the mountain ridge around Jerusalem, which is the main recharge area. From here, the recharged groundwater flows in a highly karstified aquifer system towards the east, to discharge in springs in the Lower Jordan Valley and Dead Sea region. We investigated the Eastern Mountain Aquifer system on groundwater flow, groundwater age and potential mixtures, and groundwater recharge. We combined 36Cl/Cl, tritium and the anthropogenic gases SF6, CFC-12 and CFC-11, CFC-113 as dating tracers to estimate the young water components inside the Eastern Mountain Aquifer system. By application of lumped parameter models, we verified young groundwater components from the last 10 to 30 years and an admixture of a groundwater component older than about 70 years. Concentrations of nitrate, Simazine® (Pesticide), Acesulfame K® (artificial sweetener) and Naproxen® (drug) in the groundwater were further indications of infiltration during the last 30 years. The combination of multiple environmental tracers and lumped parameter modelling helped to understand the groundwater age distribution and to estimate recharge despite scarce data in this very complex hydrogeological setting. Our groundwater recharge rates support groundwater management of this politically difficult area and can be used to inform and calibrate ongoing groundwater flow models.
Detecting dynamical anomalies in time series from different palaeoclimate proxy archives using windowed recurrence network analysis
Authors: Lekscha Jaqueline , Donner Reik V.
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Analysing palaeoclimate proxy time series using windowed recurrence network analysis (wRNA) has been shown to provide valuable information on past climate variability. In turn, it has also been found that the robustness of the obtained results differs among proxies from different palaeoclimate archives. To systematically test the suitability of wRNA for studying different types of palaeoclimate proxy time series, we use the framework of forward proxy modelling. For this, we create artificial input time series with different properties and, in a first step, compare the time series properties of the input and the model output time series. In a second step, we compare the areawise significant anomalies detected using wRNA. For proxies from tree and lake archives, we find that significant anomalies present in the input time series are sometimes missed in the input time series after the nonlinear filtering by the corresponding models. For proxies from speleothems, we observe falsely identified significant anomalies that are not present in the input time series. Finally, for proxies from ice cores, the wRNA results show the best correspondence with those for the input data. Our results contribute to improve the interpretation of windowed recurrence network analysis results obtained from real-world palaeoclimate time series.
General o Generalitat, Cort general i república. El Principat de Catalunya fins a 1714 en comparació als altres regnes d’Espanya i d’Europa
Authors: Verde i Llorente Joaquim
Published: September 2019

Malgrat la representació política corporativa i privilegiada dels règims preliberals, aquells regnes d’Europa on els estaments transcendiren les divisions internes i forjaren uns consensos de caràcter general o “nacional” estaven millor preparats per fer front al creixent poder regi a través d’uns parlaments potents, en els que l’home comú canalitzés els seus interessos en la construcció de l’estat des de baix. Tres elements ho facilitaven: la forta pertinença a una mateixa comunitat política, la manca d’hegemonia d’algun dels seus membres i un important dinamisme socioeconòmic. Experimentats pel Principat de Catalunya, la seva Cort general resistí el control de la monarquia, compartida amb els altres regnes d’Espanya, i, augmentant-hi la participació política, generà una important legislació política i econòmica en nom del bé comú de la Generalitat i la seva república.
El platonismo de Leo Strauss y su recepción neoconservadora
Authors: Barrionuevo Sergio Javier
Published: September 2019

La recepción del pensamiento platónico se torna un elemento clave en el contexto de reconfiguración de “los grandes relatos”, en tanto constituye uno de los ejes sobre el cual se estructuran una serie de trabajos en torno a la comprensión de nuestro tiempo. En el presente artículo me propongo mostrar que la recuperación del pensamiento platónico en el marco de los debates políticos contemporáneos establece una desarticulación de la “lógica política platónica”. Para ello analizo la rehabilitación del pensamiento platónico por parte de Leo Strauss y su construcción del “platonismo”.
El nuevo proyecto de Av. Perú de Recoleta como espacio de integración urbana
Authors: Ahumada Paulina , Zunino Juana , Carreño Paz
Published: September 2019

El presente artículo presenta el caso de un proyecto de espacio público en la Comuna de Recoleta, Santiago de Chile, que consolida y genera un parque longitudinal que integra distintas escalas urbanas y grupos sociales.

Poniendo el foco en los problemas y desafíos de la integración urbana, el texto revisa la evolución histórica y el proceso de nueve años del proyecto, proponiendo un análisis de dos esferas de la integración: la integración socioespacial y los desafíos de la integración sectorial y de los distintos niveles de toma de decisiones involucrados en una intervención urbana.

El análisis aborda la etapa de planificación y la formulación de encargo del proyecto; la gestión urbana desde el nivel local; y, la estrategia de diseño del espacio público para lograr un diseño integral y una propuesta paisajística que valora los atributos naturales del lugar, incorporando el uso de flora nativa que aún está en estado incipiente en nuestro país.
Hacia un modelo de gestión local del cambio climático
Authors: Schlack Soto Miguel Felipe
Published: September 2019

Este trabajo caracteriza las reflexividades que construyen los Municipios Integrantes de la Red Chilena de Municipios ante el Cambio Climático en la Región Metropolitana sobre las consecuencias del cambio climático en sus respectivos territorios. La evidencia empírica, lograda por medio de entrevistas semiestructuradas y analizada a través de la técnica de análisis de contenido, entregó como resultado que las impresiones municipales sobre el fenómeno socioambiental y sus modos de abordaje están determinadas por los efectos particulares que genera en los diferentes territorios, y por el ambientalismo y ecologismo como referentes de sentido. Asimismo, se encontraron débiles convergencias entre municipios e instituciones del gobierno central y que el cambio climático profundiza las desigualdades socio-territoriales ya existentes en la Región Metropolitana.
Evaluación de los servicios ecosistémicos provistos por una microcuenca periurbana de Querétaro (México)
Authors: Palma Hernández Dora Beatriz , De la Barrera Francisco , Pineda López Raúl
Published: September 2019

Las actividades humanas tienen efectos en el medio ambiente y en la capacidad de los ecosistemas para proporcionar servicios ecosistémicos. En esta investigación se evalúan y mapean los servicios ecosistémicos de una microcuenca periurbana de Querétaro, con el fin de generar un panorama de la oferta potencial de servicios ecosistémicos y su relación con la demanda que podría haber de parte de los habitantes de la microcuenca. Se analizaron quince servicios ecosistémicos locales que podrían permitir a los tomadores de decisiones implementar medidas a corto y mediano plazo en temas como la gestión del riesgo y adaptación al cambio climático. La evaluación se basa en una evaluación basada en conocimiento de expertos y la aplicación de una encuesta para reconocer los servicios más demandados. La evaluación biofísica realizada sigue un esquema basado en la capacidad de los ecosistemas de proveer estos servicios. Se analizaron ocho tipos de ecosistemas de la microcuenca para evaluar todos los servicios de manera general y luego se seleccionaron cuatro servicios, representativos de cada tipo de servicio (provisión, regulación y cultural) y relevantes a nivel local para mapearlos por medio de SIG. Los resultados muestran las diferentes capacidades que tienen los ecosistemas de la microcuenca El Nabo para proveer servicios ecosistémicos, y a pesar de ser mayor la oferta que la demanda de algunos servicios ecosistémicos en el área con ecosistemas naturales, la zona urbana tiene un alto déficit de servicios y este excedente de oferta es insuficiente para cubrir las necesidades que los habitantes demandan. Contar con mapas de oferta, demanda y balance potencial de servicios ecosistémicos representa una contribución importante para aplicaciones futuras y servir como base para la propuesta de pago por servicios ecosistémicos que se discute en México.
La malnutrición infantil en Ecuador: una mirada desde las políticas públicas
Authors: Rivera Jairo
Published: September 2019

Este trabajo analiza la malnutrición infantil en Ecuador. La desnutrición infantil afecta a un cuarto de la población menor de cinco años, representando el doble del promedio de la región latinoamericana, y el sobrepeso y obesidad se encuentran sobre el promedio de la región. En ese sentido, el Ecuador como país de ingreso medio tiene un nivel elevado de malnutrición infantil. Este problema es aún más alarmante al desagregarlo por etnia, provincia, región, quintil de ingreso y educación de la madre. Durante la última década ha existido una diversidad de políticas, programas, instituciones y actores, pero el avance ha sido limitado. Una vertiente interesante y poco explorada del problema de malnutrición infantil es su análisis desde las políticas públicas.
Políticas públicas para la reconstrucción de viviendas: el caso de San Francisco del mar, Oaxaca
Authors: Cordero Jorge
Published: September 2019

Ante el desastre en materia de vivienda se toma en cuenta la autoconstrucción y el tequio como solución a esta problemática; estableciéndose esquemas de apoyo para la reconstrucción. A estos esquemas de apoyos los identificamos como políticas públicas de vivienda. En el presente trabajo se analiza si la sociedad conoce y entiende lo que el gobierno y la administración pública han comunicado, asimismo, si se ha incorporado el enfoque de derechos humanos a las políticas públicas de viviendas. Metodología. El enfoque basado en derechos humanos (EBD) como una herramienta para la implementación del derecho a la vivienda, así como identificar las limitantes para el desarrollo del contenido del derecho a la vivienda. En la fase de difusión de la Política Pública, identificar y analizar la información y divulgación de las actividades planificadas y ejecutadas. Se observa un avance en el cumplimiento jurídico, pero existen limitantes para el goce de este derecho, así como fallas en la fase de difusión de la Política Pública. Si las políticas públicas de vivienda dotan de solo cuatro paredes, es obligación pendiente del estado y administración pública municipal mejorar los accesos a una vivienda adecuada, así como el desarrollo de infraestructura básica.
Challenges and Barriers in Convergence of IND_AS with IFRS: A Perspective Investigation on Indian Professionals and Officials
Authors: Sadri Lohrasp
Published: September 2019

Purpose: The paper examines the perception of officials and professionals in implementing IFRS at pre-initial stage. India accepted to implement the IFRS from 1st April 2016 despite reluctance from practitioners. Paper explores the responses towards challenges in implementation of IFRS rather than its effects after implementation.  Design / Methodology / Approach: Quantitative research is used with use of structured questionnaire. The survey provided 192 responses from across India.Findings: Study questioned the readiness in adoption of IFRS and handling the challenges. Both officials and professionals have similar concern in implementing IFRS. Both groups agreed on the importance and usefulness of globally harmonizing AS but do not find it easy to adapt IND-AS to IFRS and have many concerns over it. Moreover, IASB is not properly emphasising in smoothening the process of implementation other than just organizing training sessions. Young and skilled professionals appreciated more of IFRS implementation than elderly and less skilled. Female participants are more receptive than men. Indian software companies were already using US GAAP norms for more than a century.Implications / Contributions: Analysis suggested IASB to focus on implementing issues and must work in coordination with national boards of every country to address those issues locally.Suggestions: Involvement of corporate houses, local authorities, boards, national agencies, professionals and officials are required for success of IFRS adoption. The Author is preparing to submit a report to IASB to facilitate them in bringing effectiveness for the same purpose.     Originality of Study / Importance: The study focuses on issues specifically raised by officials and professionals of India. No study conducted with this perspective especially on India.Scope of Study: Based on the literature review, corporate governance is identified as an important area as the scope of this study in order to bring the effectiveness of implementation phase of IFRS within Indian companies, and to identify different factors that increases risk of failure. Further, it is important to study the role of monitoring institutions, regulators, and government in encouraging professionals and officials to smoothen the implementation phase in India. Nevertheless, effects after implementation need to be studied further.
Human Capital, Self-Efficacy and Firm Performance: A Study of Bumiputera SMEs in Malaysia
Authors: Zuhir Nurul Naziha , Surin Ehsan Fansuree , Rahim Hardy Loh
Published: September 2019

SMEs represent more than 90 percent of the establishment in many countries including Malaysia. However, from 98.5 percent of SMEs establishment, only 37 percent represent bumiputera SMEs. Human capital and self-efficacy are identified as internal factors of the organisation and function as a possible solution to address bumiputera SMEs’ difficulties. Hence, the primary objective of this study is to investigate the mediating effect of self-efficacy in the interaction between human capital and the SMEs performance in Malaysia. This study has investigated 203 Malay-owned small and medium enterprises. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was employed to analyse the data. The results demonstrated that human capital and self-efficacy influence each other and have a significantly positive impact on firm performance. Mediation simultaneously affirms that the relationship between human capital and firm performance is mediated by self-efficacy. This study concluded that these two internal factors can provide a holistic model to improve bumiputera SMEs performance in Malaysia.
Increasing ELL Parental Involvement and Engagement: Exploration of K-12 Administrators in a Rural State
Authors: Parsons Matthew Wesley , Shim Jenna Min
Published: September 2019

This study reports the findings from an exploration of K-12 administrators in a rural state about how they can more effectively engage and involve families of English language learners (ELLs). The guiding questions for this study are: (1) How does the role of administrators influence the engagement and involvement of ELL parents within K-12 education? (2) What can administrators do within their districts specific to their district in order to facilitate ELL parental engagement and involvement? Through an online survey and in-person interviews, the authors focus specifically on the perceived level of engagement of ELL families as it pertains to districts in general and a specific district. Furthermore, preconceived notions of expectations and language differences and the effectiveness of programs currently offered overall throughout the rural state are explored. Finally, the authors offer suggestions on how to better involve and engage ELLs and their families.
Adsorption of Biocellulose Nanofiber Tissue Engineering from Acetobacter Xylinum (Acetobacteraceae) Embedded Eggshell Membrane via Fermentation Process
Authors: Soontorntepwaraku Nussara , Wangrungroj Neeranuch , Tangboriboon Nuchnapa
Published: September 2019

Interest in the development of bio-based waste has increased exponentially in biomedical, biodental and bioengineering applications because such waste is nontoxic, biocompatible, easily formed, and has good physicochemical-mechanical-thermal properties, elasticity, high purity, no side effects and biodegradation. Eggshell membrane is a biopolymer network of protein fibers retaining albumin, collagen and amino acid. Eggshell membrane is a good food source for bacterial Acetobacter xylinum growth to make a strong biocellulose nanofiber composite for use in facial masks and tissue engineering. The current study added different amounts of eggshell membrane powder of 0% (Bio-0), 0.01% (Bio-01), 0.05% (Bio-05), 0.075% (Bio-075) and 0.10%wt (Bio-1) into biocellulose made from Acetobacter xylinum in coconut water medium via a fermentation process. The obtained facial mask encoded Bio-1 had good physicochemical and mechanical properties. The best sample has tensile strength, elongation at break and maximum force, and good adsorption  encoded Bio-1 equal to 3.229 ± 0.297 MPa, 43.350 ± 8.400% 13.466±1.238 N, respectively.
The System of Police Education in the Czech Republic: the Current State and the Directions of Improvement
Authors: Víšek Jiří , Habich Lukáš
Published: September 2019

The article describes the system of police education in the Czech Republic on the basis of the mandatory obligations that regulate it. Most importantly, it is act No. 361/2003 Coll. on Service Relationship of Members of the Security Corps, whose section 45 contains the obligation of the Security Corps’ members to educate themselves. Having described the specificity of the Czech Police in the light of the abovementioned regulations, and having depicted the educational system that prepares Czech policemen to their service, the authors follow on to the assessment of the current state of police education in Czech Republic backed up by statistic data. Finally, fact-based scenarios are presented on how the contemporary Czech police education system may be improved in the future.
Avaliação da qualidade microbiológica e físico-química da água superficial da bacia do Rio Jauquara
Authors: Batistella Valeska Morgana Corrêa , Gottardo Franciele Maria , Oliveira Aline Pedrosa de
Published: September 2019

O presente trabalho objetivou realizar a análise de água de regiões habitadas por comunidades quilombolas e que possuem pouco conhecimento em relação ao saneamento básico necessário para o consumo da água. Foram realizadas as análises físico-químicas (sólidos totais, demanda bioquímica de oxigênio e oxigênio dissolvido) e analises microbiológicas (coliformes totais e fecais). Conformes os resultados obtidos, pode-se concluir que a água consumida nos pontos coletados se mostra inapropriada para o consumo segundo a Portaria nº2.914/2011, que estabelece a ausência de Escherichia Coli na água, evitando a propagação de doenças e ressaltando-se assim, a necessidade de tratamento para adequação aos padrões de potabilidade.
Diez años de redes sociales y periodismo: riesgos y retos en el ecosistema informativo del s. XXI
Authors: Enguix Oliver Salvador
Published: September 2019

En este trabajo presentamos, a modo de panorámica crítica, un análisis sobre lo que ha supuesto la irrupción y asentamiento de las redes sociales en el ámbito periodístico en los últimos 10 años. Analizamos, en primer lugar, cómo el propio periodismo se hace eco de este fenómeno, convirtiéndolo en objeto noticiable; esta cobertura se realiza en los primeros años con cierto optimismo ingenuo, que progresivamente se va tornando en discurso de crítica, especialmente desde el escándalo de Facebook y Cambridge Analytica en 2018. En segundo lugar, consideramos los dos aspectos positivos que, todavía, puede suponer el uso de las redes sociales para el periodismo: el incremento indudable de la difusión de los contenidos periodísticos y la ayuda en la creación de la marca personal del periodista. Por último, revisamos los factores que sí pueden tener consecuencias negativas, no solo para los medios, sino para su función natural en las sociedades democráticas: las redes sociales no crean contenidos, sino que utilizan contenidos generados (financiados) por los medios; sus dinámicas de funcionamiento interfieren en las rutinas profesionales del periodismo, especialmente en la producción de contenidos; desafían el modelo de negocio tradicional porque acaparan la inversión publicitaria; y por último, intervienen y condicionan el desarrollo de la agenda informativa.
Broad similarities in shoulder muscle architecture and organization across two amniotes: Implications for reconstructing non-mammalian synapsids
Authors: Fahn-Lai Philip , Biewener Andrew A , Pierce Stephanie E
Published: September 2019

The evolution of upright limb posture in mammals may have enabled modifications of the forelimb for diverse locomotor ecologies. A rich fossil record of non-mammalian synapsids holds the key to unraveling the transition from “sprawling” to “erect” limb function in the precursors to mammals, but a detailed understanding of muscle functional anatomy is a necessary prerequisite to reconstructing postural evolution in fossils. Here we characterize the gross morphology and internal architecture of muscles crossing the shoulder joint in two morphologically-conservative extant amniotes that form a phylogenetic and morpho-functional bracket for non-mammalian synapsids: the Argentine black and white tegu Salvator merianaeand the Virginia opossum Didelphis virginiana. By combining traditional physical dissection of cadavers with non-destructive three-dimensional digital dissection, we find striking similarities in muscle organization and architectural parameters. Despite the wide phylogenetic gap between our study species, distal muscle attachments are notably similar, while differences in proximal muscle attachments are driven by modifications to the skeletal anatomy of the pectoral girdle that are well-documented in transitional synapsid fossils. Further, correlates for force production (PCSA, physiological cross-sectional area), muscle gearing (pennation), and working range (fascicle length) are statistically indistinguishable for an unexpected number of muscles. Functional tradeoffs between force production and working range reveal muscle specializations that may facilitate increased girdle mobility, weight support, and active stabilization of the shoulder in the opossum—a possible signal of postural transformation. Together, these results create a foundation for reconstructing the musculoskeletal anatomy of the non-mammalian synapsid pectoral girdle with greater confidence, as we demonstrate by inferring shoulder muscle PCSAs in the fossil non-mammalian cynodont Massetognathus pascuali.
Representational untangling by the firing rate nonlinearity in V1 simple cells
Authors: Gáspár Merse E , Polack Pierre-Olivier , Golshani Peyman , Lengyel Máté , Orbán Gergő
Published: September 2019

An important computational goal of the visual system is ‘representational untangling’ (RU): representing increasingly complex features of visual scenes in an easily decodable format. RU is typically assumed to be achieved in high-level visual cortices via several stages of cortical processing. Here we show, using a canonical population coding model, that RU of low-level orientation information is already performed at the first cortical stage of visual processing, but not before that, by a fundamental cellular-level property: the thresholded firing rate nonlinearity of simple cells in the primary visual cortex (V1). We identified specific, experimentally measurable parameters that determined the optimal firing threshold for RU and found that the thresholds of V1 simple cells extracted from in vivo recordings in awake behaving mice were near optimal. These results suggest that information re-formatting, rather than maximisation, may already be a relevant computational goal for the early visual system.
Mitochondria supply ATP to the ER through a mechanism antagonized by cytosolic Ca2+
Authors: Yong Jing , Bischof Helmut , Burgstaller Sandra , Siirin Marina , Murphy Anne , Malli Roland , Kaufman Randal J
Published: September 2019

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) imports ATP and uses energy from ATP hydrolysis for protein folding and trafficking. However, little is known about how this vital ATP transport occurs across the ER membrane. Here, using three commonly used cell lines (CHO, INS1 and HeLa), we report that ATP enters the ER lumen through a cytosolic Ca2+-antagonized mechanism, or CaATiER (Ca2+-Antagonized Transport into ER). Significantly, we show that mitochondria supply ATP to the ER and a SERCA-dependent Ca2+ gradient across the ER membrane is necessary for ATP transport into the ER, through SLC35B1/AXER. We propose that under physiological conditions, increases in cytosolic Ca2+ inhibit ATP import into the ER lumen to limit ER ATP consumption. Furthermore, the ATP level in the ER is readily depleted by oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) inhibitors and that ER protein misfolding increases ATP uptake from mitochondria into the ER. These findings suggest that ATP usage in the ER may increase mitochondrial OxPhos while decreasing glycolysis, i.e. an ‘anti-Warburg’ effect.
Evaluación de un método de amplificación isotérmica medida por bucle para la detección rápida del virus sincitial respiratorio en niños con infección respiratoria aguda
Authors: Bettin-Martínez Alfonso , Villareal-Camacho José , Cervantes-Acosta Guillermo , Acosta-Reyes Jorge , Barbosa Juliana , San Juan Homero
Published: September 2019

Introducción. El virus sincicial respiratorio humano (hRSV) es la causa más frecuente de infección respiratoria aguda de las vías respiratorias inferiores en niños menores de cinco años. El desarrollo de técnicas moleculares para identificarlo es uno de los retos actuales en el campo de la investigación clínica.Objetivo. Evaluar un método de amplificación isotérmica para la detección rápida del hRSV en niños con infección respiratoria aguda.Materiales y métodos. Se extrajo el ARN viral de 304 muestras de hisopado nasal en niños con síntomas de infección respiratoria aguda atendidos en el servicio de urgencias del Hospital de la Universidad del Norte en Barranquilla entre abril del 2016 y julio del 2017. Se evaluó la prueba de amplificación isotérmica mediada por bucle mediante transcriptasa inversa de la proteína de la matriz (M) (Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification, RT-LAMP) comparada con técnicas moleculares como la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa mediante transcriptasa inversa múltiple anidada (Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction, RT-PCR), la cual se empleó como la prueba estándar, la PCR en tiempo real (quantitative PCR, qPCR) y la RT-LAMP de la proteína L (L) para la detección rápida del virus sincicial respiratorio (VSR), subtipo A y subtipo B.Resultados. La prueba de RT-LAMP (M) tuvo una sensibilidad de 93,59 %, una especificidad de 92,92 % y una concordancia de 0,83 ± 0,036 comparada con la prueba de RT-PCR anidada. El índice kappa del RT-LAMP (M) fue superior, y los valores del RTLAMP (L) y la qPCR concordaron (0,75 ± 0,043 y 0,71 ± 0,045, respectivamente).