bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparation of Sub-Micrometre Size Platinum Particles via Chemical Reduction of Hexachloroplatinic Acid in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Liu Luan , Hu Jin , Wang Yu Tian , Wang Kai Jun , Su Lin
Published: November 2014

The sub-micrometre size platinum particles via chemical reduction of hexachloroplatinic acid in aqueous solution was investigated by UV-Visible Spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy, X-ray diffraction and FTIR Spectroscopy. Hydrazine hydrate was used as the reducing agent, and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP-K30) was used for stabilizing the particles. By varying the amount of PVP-K30 the average diameter of the platinum particles could be adjusted. The TEM and XRD results revealed that the final sub-micrometre size Pt particles were the result of an aggregation of small (~5 nm) nanoparticles. The UV-Visible Spectroscopy and FTIR Spectroscopy investigations indicates the mechanism of anti-aggregation of Pt particles by the steric effect of PVP-K30.
The Preparation and Tribological Properties of Multi-Layer Graphene as Paraffin Liquid Additives
Authors: Zhao Hai Chao , Qiao Yu Lin , Zang Yan , Zhang Qing
Published: November 2014

Different thickness multi-layer graphene were prepared by the method of liquid ultrasonic stripping and characterized by XRD, SEM and TEM. Friction and wear properties of graphene liquid dispersing system were investigated using an Multi-functional reciprocating friction and wear tester in ambient condition. Results indicate that the graphene were in thickness of 10nm-100nm. Multi-layer graphene showed good anti-friction and anti-wear properties as paraffin liquid additives. Multi-layer graphene liquid dispersing system had the best tribological properties with 20N and 0.01wt%, and the average friction coefficient was 0.129, and the wear mass was 4.12×106μm3, reduced by 21.34% and 41.14% than paraffin liquid. The reason is that Multi-layer graphene could adsorb on the worn surface and form solid adsorption layer, which maked the friction and wear reduce.
Study on the Preparation and Fluorescence Performance of Graphene Oxide
Authors: Li Cai Xia , Zhang Xiao Dong , Jiang Dan Yu , Li Qiang
Published: November 2014

In this paper, synthesis and fluorescence performance of graphene oxide have been primarily studied. Fistly, graphene oxide with remarkable fluorescence performance was prepared by modified hummer’s method. Secondly, changing the reaction time, the structure and size of graphene oxide were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Malvern Zeta-Size Analyzer, and the effects of different reaction conditions on the XRD patterns of graphene oxide were discussed. Finally, the fluorescence performance of graphene oxide solution were analyzed using fluorescence spectrometer.
Synthesis, Characterization and Photocatalytic Activity of BiOCI Nanomaterials
Authors: Sun Meng Lin , Zhao Qi Hang , Du Chun Fang , Liu Zhi Liang
Published: November 2014

BiOCl with 3D flower-like morphology was synthesized via a facile glycerol-mediated solvothermal method. The obtained products were well crystallized and subsequently characterized by a range of methods, such as X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED). The photocatalytic properties of the prepared samples were further investigated by photocatalytic decomposition of Methyl Orange (MO) dye. It is found that BiOCl hierarchical nanostructures exhibit efficient photocatalytic activities under UV light irradiation, which can decompose MO in a few minutes.
Preparation and Characterization of Calcium-Magnesium Phosphate Cements
Authors: Li Kai , Shen Qing Yi , Xie You Tao , Zheng Xue Bin
Published: November 2014

Calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) have been widely used as bone substitute materials. However, their degradation property is insufficient to stimulate bone healing in large bone defects, besides, the poor initial mechanical strength limits their application to non-load bearing areas. In this study, to overcome the drawbacks of CPCs, magnesium phosphate cements (MPCs) characterized by high initial strength and relatively rapid degradation were combined with CPCs to develop novel calcium-magnesium phosphate cements (CMPCs). The morphology of the CPC sample consisted of needle-like crystals, whereas the interlinked hemispherical globules were observed for the CMPCs. The handling and mechanical characteristics of the samples as well as their degradation behavior under in vitro condition were investigated. Results showed that the CMPCs exhibited shorter setting time and higher compressive strength than the CPC. In addition, CMPCs showed significatnly improved degradability compared to the CPC in Tris-HCl buffer solution.
Drivers and their Relationship with Inhibitors Influencing the Adoption of Stabilized Earth Construction to Alleviate Urban Housing Crisis in Zimbabwe
Authors: Zami Mohammad Sharif
Published: November 2014

Addressing urban housing crisis is an enormous challenge for most of the African countries due to the increasing cost of the building material. Zimbabwe is no exception having the same challenges with urban housing crisis. As a matter of fact the conventional construction material is not affordable considering the current economic hardship faced by the majority Zimbabweans. Therefore, an appropriate alternative construction material and technique is essential which can alleviate urban housing crisis in Zimbabwe. The success of the experimented stabilised earth construction projects of urban houses in Zimbabwe widens avenues considering this construction material as an appropriate alternative to the conventional ones and finding out the potential drivers that can help adoption of this technology. This paper aims to refine the drivers and establish its interrelationship with inhibitors with the help of in-depth interview method. First, a critical literature review method is used to come up with a generic list the inhibitors and drivers influencing the adoption of this technology. Second, the identified inhibitors and drivers refined through a series of in-depth interviews to establish drivers and inhibitors influencing the widespread adoption of stabilised earth to address urban low cost housing crisis in Zimbabwe. Third, the analysis of drivers and inhibitors interrelationship understand show the widespread adoption of stabilised earth construction can alleviate urban housing crisis in Zimbabwe.
Thermal Insulation System for Energy Efficiency
Authors: Mitra K.K.
Published: November 2014

Building construction has gone for tremendous changes during the last decade. The total building architecture including construction system and external finish has improved tremendously. Now a days even residential houses are tailor made to individual requirements. As we all know with the improvement in quality of life, earnings, living style, the building construction methodology and construction materials have got modified to suit the life style of people. Previously in residential houses use of room air conditioner was a rare commodity, but now it has become very common. In fact now we find that air conditioning has become a necessity. The art of living has changed and human comfort is given a lot of importance. Buildings including residential houses hence consume lot of energy now a days. Buildings world over consume more than 40% of the Energy Generated followed by Industry (32%) and Transportation (28%). With the increase in electronic gadgets in the houses along with air conditioning and heating system energy consumption becomes enormous. It is in this context of energy consumption and human comfort the function of Thermal Insulation in buildings has become an important construction element. Thermal insulation is directly linked to human comfort and reducing energy consumption that is creating Energy Conservation.
A Study on the Influence of Coarse Aggregate on Rheological Properties of Self-Compacting Concrete
Authors: Jiang Yu Chuan , Huo Da , Teng Hai Wen , Xu Jin E
Published: November 2014

This paper presences the influence of coarse aggregate-space coefficient on the rheological properties of self-compacting concrete (SCC). The results indicate that coarse aggregate-space coefficient has significant influence on slump flow and V-funnel flow time of SCC, when the maximum aggregate particle size is 16mm and the volume ratio of sand and motor is 0.43, meanwhile water binder ratio is 0.38. The higher the coarse aggregate-space coefficient, the lager the slump flow, the shorter the V-funnel flow time. The range of coarse aggregate-space coefficient of SCC is suitable for 1.31~1.58 under the condition of the paper. The suitable range can guarantee excellent rheological properties and stability of SCC mixture. There is little effect of coarse aggregate-space coefficient on compressive strength in this paper tests.
Penetration of Chlorine Ion in Concrete under the Coupling Effect of the Continues Pressure Load and the Corrosion Environment
Authors: Li Wei Hong , Xu Ying Ying
Published: November 2014

This paper studies the influence law of experiment time, load level under sustained pressure load and the corrosion environment interaction on the permeability of chloride ion in concrete,which is through natural diffusion method. Experimental results show that with the increase of the test time, the penetration depth of chloride ions in concrete and the content of chloride ions in the same penetration depth is growing. As the load level increases, there is a tendency of the chloride ion content after the first increase and then decrease, the turning point in the middle remains to be studied. The research results have a certain significance for concrete durability design and life prediction in corrosion environment.
Preparation and Properties of Low-Temperature Glaze Used in Coke Oven Cordierite Bricks
Authors: Wang Ting , Gu Hua Zhi , Zhang Mei Jie , Huang Ao , Li Guo Qing , Jin Guo Xiang
Published: November 2014

According to analyze service condition and extent of damage of cordierite bricks used in coke oven, the experiment was prepared by using spodumene powder, cordierite powder and fused silica as main starting materials, borax as the flux. The effect of borax on melting properties and thermal shock resistance of low-temperature glaze used in coke oven cordierite brick was investigated. The results showed that the melting temperature of glaze is close to the theoretical calculation, Seger formula can be equally applied to metallurgical industry. With the amount of borax increasing, the melting temperature of the glaze reduced. When the amount increased to 22%, borax dissolved in the mullite phase, which increased the content of glass phase in glaze. When the temperature is 1000°C, glaze layer formed and spreaded evenly on the surface of cordierite lining bricks and didn’t flowing. After five thermal shock, glazed surface didn’t appear crack, the requirements were achieved that glaze can be generated in the carbonization chamber temperature of coke oven without pre-firing. When the amount of borax continues to increase, the viscosity of glaze decreases, which results in flowing.
Factors on Leaching Zinc and Copper from Zinc Leach Residue
Authors: Yang Li Jiao , Chen Nan Chun , Zhong Xia Ping , Gao Jun , Lang Yao Xiu , Wang Zhen Feng , Liu Chang Miao , Wu Zhao Yang
Published: November 2014

It is found that cuprous sulfite, zinc sulfate and zinc sulfide were the main phases of copper and zinc in zinc leach residue, through analyzing its composition and phase characteristics by XRF and XRD. The method that cooperate sulfuric acid leaching with oxidant was chosen. 60 g/L H2SO4 at 60 °C for 2 h with 4% KMnO4 and liquid/solid ratio of 5..1, 84.29 % of Cu and 92.02 % of Zn are extracted. The ion concentration of copper and zinc are tested by UV-VIS spectrophotometer and EDTA titration respectively. The results show that the amount of acid is sufficient for leaching at the condition of 60 g/L H2SO4 and liquid/solid ratio of 5..1. At the same time, copper change from low valence into high valence after adding KMnO4 which strengthen the leaching, and the chemical reaction can reach balance at 60 °C for 2 h. This method has good extraction effect on copper and zinc.
Influence of Reinforcing Phase on the Oxidation Model of ZrB2 Based Multi-Phase Ceramics
Authors: Song Jie Guang , Wang Fang , Wang Xiu Qin , Li Shi Bin , Ji Gang Chang
Published: November 2014

ZrB2, YAG and Al2O3 are widely applied because of some excellent performances, but ZrB2 is easily oxidized in the high-temperature air. To make the ZrB2 ceramics obtain better oxidation resistance, high-density ZrB2-YAG-Al2O3 ceramics were prepared. The oxidation mechanism of ZrB2-YAG-Al2O3 ceramics is investigated. When YAG-ZrB2 ceramics are exposed to air at temperatures from 1100°C¡æ to 1600°C¡æ, the weight change rate of YAG-ZrB2 ceramics is fleetly increased, the reacted speed of ZrB2 and O to form B2O3 and ZrO2 is more faster. The quantity of melted B2O3 is increased and carried to the surface, B2O3 is reacted with Al2O3 to form Al18B4O33. Al18B4O33 is melted and coated on the surface of ceramics to form protection layer for the oxidation resistance of ceramics at high temperature, which shows the similar with the influence of reinforcing phase on the oxidation model of ZrB2 based multi-phase ceramics.
The Hydro-Thermal Stability of Hornblende Syenite in NaOH Solution
Authors: Zeng Cheng , Yang Jing , Ma Hong Wen , Liu Chang Jiang
Published: November 2014

The microcline powder, which collected from the hornblende syenite from Anhui, China, was treated by NaOH solution at 250 °C for 2-6h. The solid samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The XRD shows that the main solid sample is hydroxycancrinite. The images observed by SEM indicate that the crystal morphology of the hydroxycancrinite can be presented as hexagonal cylindrical when it reacted with 4.17M NaOH at 250 °C for 6h.
Influence of Cooling Ways on the Structure and Hydraulic Activity of Blast Furnace Slag
Authors: Wang Hui , Cui Su Ping , Wang Ya Li
Published: November 2014

Using the industrial limestone, fly ash and pure chemical reagents as raw materials, the blast furnace slag was prepared in the simulation condition of the actual slag-making process by three different cooling ways, including air cooling, water cooling and liquid nitrogen cooling. Combined with different test methods such as XRD, SEM, IR, the influence of cooling ways on the structure and hydraulic activity of blast furnace slag was studied in the present in investigation. The relationship between glass content, compressive strength and the phase compositions of blast furnace slag has been obtained. The results showed that, the glass content of water cooling slag or liquid nitrogen cooling slag was slightly higher than that of air cooling slag, there was obviously gehlenite crystal phase in air cooling slag. The 7d and 28d compressive strength of three slags did not present positive correlation with vitreous content, the sequence of 28d compressive strength of three slags was water cooling slag > air cooling slag > liquid nitrogen cooling slag. SEM observation found that crystallization phases in water cooling slag had a small grain and uniform distribution, this kind of structure was advantageous to the latter hydration reaction and strength development of blast furnace slag.
Performance Studies on In Situ Spinel Solid Solution Bonded Periclase Refractories
Authors: Lin Xin , Li Yong , Li Yan Jing , Zhang Jun Jie , Gao Chang He , Zhang Ji Li
Published: November 2014

Specimens were prepared using iron-rich magnesia (3~1 mm、≤1 mm) and high purity magnesia (≤0.088 mm) as the main starting materials, adding tabular alumina at different size (3~2、2~1、≤1 mm) and content:3%、6%、9%、12%、15% to discover the influence of tabular alumina on sample performance. Phase composition and microstructure were also analyzed. The results show that specimen with content of 6% of corundum possessed the best comprehensive performance:apparent porosity 17%, bulk density 2.95 g·cm-3, cold crushing strength 74 MPa, refractoriness under load 1700 °C, heat shock resistance of up to 18 times. The formations of magnesium aluminate spinel and hercynite solid solution were enhanced by Fe ion at high temperatures in the iron-rich magnesia-corundum system at the presence of iron oxides, which are able to largely dissolved in periclase.
Electrical Characterization and Microstructures of Bi4-xGdxTi3O12 Thin Films
Authors: Chen Min , Mei X.A. , Liu J.
Published: November 2014

Gd2O3-doped bismuth titanate (Bi4-xGdxTi3O12: BGT) and pure Bi4Ti3O12 (BIT) thin films with random orientation were fabricated on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates by rf magnetron sputtering technique. These samples had polycrystalline Bi-layered perovskite structure without preferred orientation, and consisted of well developed rod-like grains with random orientation. Gd-doping into BIT caused a large shift of the Curie temperature ( TC ) from 675 °C to lower temperature and a improvement in dielectric property. The experimental results indicated that Gd doping into BIT also result in a remarkable improvement in ferroelectric property. The Pr and the Ec values of the BGT film with x=0.75 were 28 μC/cm2 and 65 kV/cm, respectively.
Ferroelectric Properties and Microstructures of Tb2O3-Doped Bismuth Titanate Ceramics
Authors: Mei X.A. , Chen M. , Huang C.Q. , Liu R.F.
Published: November 2014

The electrical properties of Tb2O3-doped bismuth titanate,Bi4-xTbxTi3O12 (BTT) ceramics prepared by a conventional electroceramic technique have been investigated. XRD analyses indicted Bi-layered perovskite structure in all samples, and revealed that Bi ions were only substituted near the Ti-O octahedron layers by Tb ions. SEM micrographs show randomly oriented and plate-like morphology. The remanent polarization ( Pr ) and coercive field ( Ec ) of the BTT ceramics with x=0.75 were above 16μC/cm2 and 75KV/cm, respectively. The large value of remanent polarization and low coercive field of Tb-doped bismuth titanate ceramics promote these materials to potential applications.
Correlation between Light Response Uniformity and Longitudinal Transmission in 600 mm BGO Crystals
Authors: Ji Zhi Ming , Ni Hai Hong , Yuan Lan Ying , Chen Jun Feng , Wang Shao Hua
Published: November 2014

Based on the need of calorimeter for dark matter search in China, 600 mm BGO crystals were investigated on longitudinal transmission and light response uniformity of crystal. In the analysis of the data obtained, a strong correlation between the crystal light response uniformity and their longitudinal transmission in the range 435 nm has been noticed. As a consequence, the transmission measurement alone can be used to help classification of crystal and identify crystals requiring uniformization. In the following the outcome of this analysis and the results that can be achieved will be discussed.
Performance Study on Masonries of Different Aerated Concrete Blocks
Authors: Peng Peng Fei , Qin Xian Ming , Wu Yu Sheng
Published: November 2014

The masonries with a square of 2m×3m of 3 different aerated concrete blocks were built respectively, and plastered with plastering mortar. The shrinkage-cracking property and other performances of different aerated concrete masonries were studied in natural condition. The results showed that, there were less cracks and smaller crack width in the masonry of aerated concrete with low water absorption, the condition of aerated concrete cracking can be improved by plastering with plastering mortar; the shrinkage of aerated concrete block masonry with low water absorption is smaller, the shrinkage of aerated concrete masonry plastered by special plastering mortar is smaller.
Aqueous Gelcasting Synthesis of Zirconium Diboride
Authors: Wang Jun Ping , Wang Jing , Zhou Xiao Bing , Jing Lei , Matli Penchal Reddy , Huang Qing
Published: November 2014

Zirconium diboride (ZrB2) ceramics were synthesized by Aqueous gelcasting method sintering effects of the additives were examined. The dispersion and rheological properties behavior of water-based gelcasting ZrB2-4wt.%B4C suspensions were characterized by zeta potential and viscosity measurements, respectively. A 50 vol.% ZrB2-4wt.%B4C suspension with a relative low viscosity was prepared with 3wt.% A70 and 4wt.% AM at pH = 11. Using the liquid desiccant drying method, the weight loss was 7.7 % after drying for 24 h, which is higher than the drying at RT (7.2 %).
Mechanical and Adiabatic Properties of Silica Aerogel Doped with TiO2 Nanowire
Authors: Jin Zhao Kui , Peng Xiong , Gao Hong Yi , Peng Chao Hao , Luan Yi
Published: November 2014

A novel silica aerogel insulation composite was prepared by using TiO2 nanowires as modifier via sol-gel processing and supercritical drying methods in order to address issues of the poor mechanical and the infrared shading performance of silica aerogel. The effects of TiO2 nanowire content on the mechanical and adiabatic performance were investigated by X-Ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsorption (BET), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), static compression test and thermal analysis. The results show that TiO2 nanowire reinforced aerogels had great thermal insulation properties, while high surface area, low density and mechanical strength were retained.
The Effect of LnAlO3(Ln=Nd,Sm) Additives on the Microwave Dielectric Properties of BaO-Nd2O3-5TiO2 Ceramics
Authors: Xu Yue , Fu Ren Li , Li Juan , Fu Zhen Xiao , Su Hong Juan
Published: November 2014

The effect of LnAlO3 (Ln = Nd, Sm) additives on the densification, phase evolution, microstructure and dielectric properties of BaO-Nd2O3-5TiO2 (BNT5) ceramics was investigated. The LnAlO3 (Ln = Nd, Sm) had greatly influence on the densification behavior of the BNT5 ceramics and the grain sizes of BNT5 ceramics could be effectively refined by LnAlO3 additive. The microstructure of BNT5 ceramics was transformed from quasi-rectangular grain to columnar grain while the content of LnAlO3 was increasing. The dielectric constant (εr) and the temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (τf) were reduced with the increase of LnAlO3 content, whereas the Q×f values showed a non-linear behaviour with LnAlO3 content increasing. The BNT5 ceramics doped with 12.5 wt% SmAlO3, sintered at 1320°C for 4 h, had the excellent dielectric properties of εr = 62.78, Q×f = 11108 GHz and τf = -1.55 ppm/°.
Preparation of Nano-Sized Wollastonite Using Calcium Silicate Residue of Potassium Feldspar after Extraction of Potassium and Alumina
Authors: Chen Jian , Yang Jing , Ma Hong Wen
Published: November 2014

In this paper, wollastonite nanopowder were successfully synthesized by the surfactants modified-calcined method using calcium silicate residue of potassium feldspar after extraction of potassium and alumina. The effects of modifier and calcined temperature on the phase composition, morphology and microstructure were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the phase of samples with different modifier processing is wollastonite-2M, while CTAB as modifier can avoid preferred orientation growth. The obtained wollastonite powder is spherical in morphology and well dispersed with the particle size of approximately 150nm.
Surface Properties of Dental 3Y-TZP with Different Treatments
Authors: Liu Yi Hong , Wang Yong
Published: November 2014

The purpose of this study was to study the surface characteristics of the dental 3Y-TZP (3 mol% yttria stabilized tetragonal zirconia) ceramic treated by machining process and analysis what impact on the mechanical properties of the 3Y-TZP dental restorations. Dense core ceramic discs were made of 3Y-TZP. The samples were partially sintered to get part strength after uniaxial pressure moulding. The partially sintering green body could be treated by grinding, incising and milling and incising to simulate the CAD-CAM (computer aided design/computer aidedmanufacturing) process in dentistry. The partially sintering samples were then sintered to achieve full density. The dense sintered ceramics were also treated by grinding and incising to simulate the dental restorations adjusting process in dental clinic. The both surface of thespecimens were studied with an optical microscope and field emission SEM. Bulges were observed on the surface of the sample after uniaxial pressure moulding process. The defects due to partially sintered green body milling process were different from incising process in size and shape. Groves are observed on the surfaces of the samples after grinding process. The conclusions were that (i) machining of the final sintered dental 3Y-TZP ceramic brought more critical damage than the machining of partly-sintered green-bodies; (ii) the milling process ofthe partially sintered green-body brought less damage to the 3Y-TZP samples than the incising process.
Advances in Deformation Performance of Concrete with Steel Slag and Scrap Tire Particles
Authors: Yang Zhi Zi , Liu Chun Lin , Sheng Kai , Chen De Peng
Published: November 2014

The deformation performance of concrete with steel slag aggregate and scrap tire particles was reviewed. The addition of steel slag makes the volume of concrete present expansion effect which can improve the early-age plastic cracking performance of concrete. The expansion of steel slag concrete and shrinkage of concrete by partially substitution of rubber colloidal particles showed obvious decrease. So the scrap tire particles modified steel slag concrete with satisfactory volume deformation, the theory is that the stress relaxation in shrinkage process of the concrete with scrap tire particles. The exploration of steel slag concrete with scrap tire particles expansion inhibition and deformation micromechanics mechanism is important for the research and application of concrete with steel slag and scrap tire particles.
The Effect of n-TiO2 on Corrosion and Biological Activity of Biocoatings Coated by Ultrasound Micro-Arc Oxidation on Pure Magnesium
Authors: Ma Chen , Gao Yan , Qu Li Jie , Li Mu Qin , Yue Jin Long , Yuan Yu Qi , Wang Jing Yan
Published: November 2014

In order to improve the corrosion resistance and bioactivity of magnesium alloy coated by ultrasound micro-arc oxidation (UMAO), different content of n-TiO2 was added into silicate electrolyte. Electrochemical corrosion and simulated body fluid (SBF) soaking were conducted, and the surface morphology, phase structure and composition also were analyzed. The results indicated that Ecorr and Icorr of UMAO biocoatings with n-TiO2 increased and decreased an order of magnitude with increase of n-TiO2, respectively. The corrosion resistance of coatings with adding 4.8g/L n-TiO2 into electrolyte was the best. After soaking in SBF, the samples increased loose weight firstly and then increased weight to form Mg3Ca (CO3)4, Mg10Cl (OH)18·5H2O and Na4Mg2(PO4) ·2H2O new phases and Mg, MgO, MgSiO3 were still exit, which showed that good bioactivity of the UMAO coatings with n-TiO2.
Effect of Gd2O3/BaF2 Addition on Dielectric Behavior and Energy Storage Properties of Strontium Barium Niobate Glass-Ceramics
Authors: Song Jun , Chen Guo Hua , Tang Yu
Published: November 2014

SrO–BaO–Nb2O5–B2O3system glass-ceramics with Gd2O3/BaF2addition have been prepared by controlled crystallization method. The effect of Gd2O3/BaF2addition on the phase evolution, dielectric properties and energy storage properties has been investigated. The addition of Gd2O3/BaF2to the glass-ceramics changes the dielectric property and energy storage density. The glass-ceramics with 0.5 mol% Gd2O3and 4.5mol% BaF2heat treated at 850°C/3h possesses a dielectric constant of 125, a breakdown strength of 1055 kV/mm and energy storage density of 6.16J/cm3, which are promising materials for high energy storage density dielectrics.
Fracture Features of Mullite Ceramic Regenerative Material under Thermal Shock Condition
Authors: Shang Qing Hui , Wang Yan Xia , Jiang Bin , Zhang Dong Huan , Sun Tian Tian
Published: November 2014

For study the damage characteristic of the mullite heat storage ceramic under thermal shock condition, mechanical properties of mullite have been investigated. Under the different cooling mediums (room temperature water, boiling water, air), single and five cycles thermal shock conditions, The article studied the variation of flexural strength and fracture toughness along with temperature. The result show that with the increase of heat transfer coefficient of cooling medium, the bending strength of ceramic decreased. In the 600°C,the ceramic have a maximum bending strength and a minimum fracture toughness. The fracture toughness of precrack specimen is lower than that of non-precrack specimen on the whole. Both Precrack ceramic and non-precrack ceramic have a maximum fracture toughness at 400°C. The study of this paper provides a theoretical basis for the better predicting fracture damage and service life of heat storage ceramic.
Analyze the Growth Habit of Mullite Nanocomposites by First-Principles Calculations
Authors: Wang Wei , Chen Nan Chun , Li Quan Hong , Tang Xin , Hu Yue
Published: November 2014

The plane surface energy of the mullite crystals (001), (010), (100) and (-100) is comparative calculated by using first-principles plane-wave pseudopotential method and the open hydrothermal system preparing mullite phase crystal test conditions. Also the plane growth habits can be predicted according to the results. The result shows that: the descending order of the mullite crystal surface energy is: E(001)> E(010)> E(-100)> E(100). On the basis of Cune-Woolf principle, the surface energy of mullite crystals (001) surface is the maximum and growth rate is the fastest. Thus the (001) crystal face is growth surface habits of mullite phase crystal. Crystal growth morphology mostly extends in one direction.
A Proposed Solution to Quantitative Phase Analysis of Mullite
Authors: Li Kai , Li Hai Jian , Wu Ping
Published: November 2014

This paper studied the problems met in the quantitative analysis of synthetic Mullite phase,which was based on the analysis of various typical Mullite composite scheme. A method of quantitative analysis of Mullite phase (excluding amorphous phase SiO2) by use X-ray diffraction was discussed. The error of the analysis can be verified by chemical analysis of Al2O3 content. The method can effectively improve the accuracy of quantitative analysis of the Mullite phase, the error analysis is less than 3%. The error range can meet the accuracy requirement of Mullite content in the production.Studies show that this method is preliminarily solved how to quantitative the content of mullite phase by X-ray diffraction method .
Microstructure Analysis of SiC Ceramic Support by Isostatic Processing
Authors: Liu Yong Feng , Liu Kai Qi , Zeng Zhen Yu , Yuan Yong Bing
Published: November 2014

Ceramic supports were prepared by isostatic pressing, and were compared with commercially available ceramic support by extrusion molding process. Results show that structures of section, inner surface and outer surface keep uniform, and the pore is obvious in section, also on the inner surface and outer surface. While supports by extrusion molding process show great differences between internal and surface in structures. During the extrusion molding process, the orientation and rearrangement phenomenon of particle and powder occur obviously under the action of friction and boundary effect, which make pores on the surface blocked seriously. The ceramic support prepared by isostatic processing technology will show better filtration efficiency relatively compared to that by extrusion molding process.
Influence of Specimen Size on the Impulse Excitation Technique
Authors: Wei Chen Guang , Bao Yi Wang , Liu Zheng Quan , Wang Dong
Published: November 2014

The Impulse Excitation technique is a nondestructive and very convenient testing method. It could be applied at different circumstances such as high temperatures, low temperatures and controlled humidity. The Impulse Excitation technique is based on the analysis of the vibration of a test sample after it was impulse excited. The elastic properties of a test specimen are related to its mechanical resonance frequency. In this paper, the regular of resonance frequency changed with specimen’s size was discussed. Elastic modulus of glass with different length, width and thickness were measured, and ceramic composite material with small size was tested. The results indicate that the resonance frequency of specimen changed with its size regularly, and the specimen with small size has poor accuracy of elastic modulus measurement.
Analysis of the Surface Shape Effect on Optical Homogeneity Measurement of Large Calibre Optical Materials
Authors: Shao Zhu Feng , Jia Ya Nan , Wang Lei , Nie Lan Jian
Published: November 2014

Optical homogeneity is an important measurement of the optical materials, directly affects wavefront quality of the refractive optical system, changes the system wavefront aberration. As the traditional direct measurement method requires high precision surface shape machining for optical material (PV value < 0.1λ), it was gradually replaced by the method of Fizeau interferometer four step, which requires lower surface shape. This article used 600mm diameter Fizeau interferometer, a four step method tested the optical homogeneity of the same 500 mm diameter fused quartz material with a front surface shape respectively 3.719 λ and 0.427 λ (λ = 632.8nm). Comparison of the test results showed that the PV difference of optical homogeneity between the two was only 0.036 λ, △n inaccuracy was 10-7, and the homogeneity morphology matched exactly. To further analyze the factors affecting the optical homogeneity, the front surface shape of the other sample was sliced ​​in a predetermined direction. This artical analyzed the effect of morphology upon the slicing line on optical homogeneity. The conclusion was that the direct affecting factor on optical homogeneity was the slope of surface morphology, rather than the overall PV value.
Effects of Nb2O5/La2O3 Synergistic Modification on Phase Composition, Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al2O3 Ceramics Prepared by Microwave Sintering
Authors: Ai Yun Long , Wu Kai , Xie Xiang Hua , Liang Bing Liang , He Wen , Chen Wei Hua
Published: November 2014

Nb2O5-7.5La2O3-Al2O3 composite ceramics were prepared by microwave sintering. The influence of Nb2O5 and La2O3 proportion on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al2O3 ceramics was investigated. The results show that when the Nb2O5 content was lower than La2O3, the columnar LaAl11O18 grains were generated by the reaction of La2O3 with Al2O3. When the Nb2O5 content was higher than La2O3, the surplus Nb2O5 induced the formation of columnar Al2O3 grains. The growth of columnar Al2O3 grains were promoted synergistically by LaNbO4 formed in-situ and Nb2O5. The 5Nb2O5-7.5La2O3-Al2O3 composite ceramic exhibited excellent comprehensive properties: ρr=99.3% (relative density), HV=11.2GPa (microhardness), KIC= 6.4MPa·m1/2 (fracture toughness), σ=304.3MPa (bending strength).
Design and Application of a Test Device for Concrete Durability under the Action of Multiple Factor Coupling
Authors: Li Wei Hong , Xu Ying Ying , Wang Yi Han
Published: November 2014

This paper discusses the testing equipment of concrete deterioration under the coupled action of multiple factors. It discusses the classification, advantages and disadvantages which are related to the test system and studies the charge loading device design and the key problems. At last the paper forecasts the prospect of loading device design.
Microstructures and Properties of Typical Zirconia Tubes for the Determination of Oxygen Content
Authors: Wang Pan , Zhou Guo Liang , Pan Chuan Long , Zhang Cheng , Nian Hong Qiang
Published: November 2014

The measurement of oxygen content in liquid iron and steel has been a challenge for decades and there have been many attempts to develop oxygen sensor to adjustment the smelting process on the basis of the probe for monitoring oxygen dissolved in molten liquid. However, there was still not a common standards of zirconium tubes about domestic product, which limited their application and improvement This work selected several domestic enterprises oxygen measuring half-cell system to study the relationship between the physical properties and microstructure at room temperature. Furthermore, we also analyzed about the typical performance of the domestic Oxygen content products, which would be beneficial to test and improve the quality of domestic products. Keywords: zirconia tubes, oxygen content, oxygen sensor
Influence of Si3N4 Adding on the Performance of Al-Al2O3 Composite
Authors: Li Chuan Jing , Li Yong , Qin Hai Xia , Sun Jia Lin , Chen Jun Hong , Xue Wen Dong
Published: November 2014

Al-Si3N4-Al2O3composite was prepared using tabular corundum, white fused corundum,α-Al2O3fine powder and Si3N4fine powder as raw materials and phenolic resin as low temperature binder under nitrogen atmosphere at 1 300 °C for 8 h. The results show that the main reinforced phase of Al-Al2O3is Al4O4C in Al-Al2O3specimens without Si3N4fine powder adding,the main reinforced phase of Al-Si3N4-Al2O3is SIALON while small quantity of Al,Si plastic phase presents in Si3N4adding Al-Al2O3specimens. Si5AlON7(Z=1) is formed in Al-Si3N4-Al2O3specimens at low temperature (1 300 °C), which presents good comprehensive properties.
The Properties of Plastic Phase Mullite-SiC Bricks and its Utilization in Cement Kilns
Authors: Ma Shu Long , Huang Zhao Hui , Gao Chang He , Fang Ming Hao , Wang Lin Jun
Published: November 2014

Super-grade bauxite, pure silicon carbide, andalusite and metal silicon were used as the raw materials to produce plastic phase mullite-SiC bricks. By analysis of the microstructure, physical and chemical properties, it proves that the introduction of metal plastic phase can improve the properties of bricks, such as lower porosity, higher cold crush strength, and wearing resistance. It also can improve the toughness, and effectively relieve the thermal and mechanical stress when using in cement kilns. By analysis of the comparison with MA spinel bricks and ordinary mullite-SiC bricks, the plastic phase mullite-SiC bricks have good thermal shock resistance and lower thermal conductivity. The result shows that the bricks can replace MA spinel bricks using in the transition zone of cement kilns and realizes the aim of saving energy and a long service life.
Densification Behavior and Microstructure Evolution of LTCC Film Constrained by Rigid Substrate
Authors: Qi Shi Shun , Zuo Ru Zhong , Ma Zhao Sheng
Published: November 2014

LTCC films constrained by rigid substrate were sintered at different temperatures ranging from 760 °C to 800 °C. An optical dilatometer together with a rocking arm was employed to record sintering strains of the constrained films during the sintering process. The densification behavior of constrained films was systematically studied through the measured sintering strains by comparing with that of freely sintered films. For the constrained films, the final density was smaller and the activation energy for the densification was larger than that of the freely sintered ones. Moreover, anisotropic microstructure was induced by the tensile stress.
Luminescence of II-VI Semiconductor Nanoparticles
Authors: Chandra B.P. , Chandra V.K. , Jha Piyush
Published: November 2014

Nanoparticle or an ultrafine particle is a small solid whose physical dimension lies between 1 to 100 nanometers. Nanotechnology is the coming revolution in molecular engineering, and therefore, it is curiosity-driven and promising area of technology. The field of nanoscience and nanotechnology is interdisciplinary in nature and being studied by physicists, chemists, material scientists, biologists, engineers, computer scientists, etc. Research in the field of nanoparticles has been triggered by the recent availability of revolutionary instruments and approaches that allow the investigation of material properties with a resolution close to the atomic level. Strongly connected to such technological advances are the pioneering studies that have revealed new physical properties of matter at a level intermediate between atomic/molecular and bulk. Quantum confinement effect modifies the electronic structure of nanoparticles when their sizes become comparable to that of their Bohr excitonic radius. When the particle radius falls below the excitonic Bohr radius, the band gap energy is widened, leading to a blue shift in the band gap emission spectra, etc. On the other hand, the surface states play a more important role in the nanoparticles, due to their large surface-to-volume ratio with a decrease in particle size (surface effects). From the last few years, nanoparticles have been a common material for the development of new cutting-edge applications in communications, energy storage, sensing, data storage, optics, transmission, environmental protection, cosmetics, biology, and medicine due to their important optical, electrical, and magnetic properties.
Carbon Nanotubes as Drug Delivery Vehicles
Authors: Arora Shweta , Kumar Vanish , Yadav Shriniwas , Singh Sukhbir , Bhatnagar Deepika , Kaur Inderpreet
Published: November 2014

Various biomedical applications of nanomaterials have been proposed in the last few years leading to the emergence of a new field in diagnostics and therapeutics. Most of these applications involve the administration of nanoparticles into patients. Carbon Nanotubes are enjoying increasing popularity as building blocks for novel drug delivery systems as well as for bioimaging and biosensing. The recent strategies to functionalize carbon nanotubes have resulted in the generation of biocompatible and water-soluble carbon nanotubes that are well suited for high treatment efficacy and minimum side effects for future cancer therapies with low drug doses. The toxicological profile of such carbon nanotube systems developed as nanomedicines will have to be determined prior to any clinical studies undertaken.
Potential of Nanomaterials as Movers and Packers for Drug Molecules
Authors: Kaur Indu Pal , Singh Mandeep , Yadav Monika , Sandhu Simarjot Kaur , Deol Parneet Kaur , Sharma Gaurav
Published: November 2014

As the development of nanotechnology has extended to the world of biomolecules, a revolution has occurred in the design and assembly of nanomaterials for drug delivery with a significant potential to impact drug efficacy and patient outcomes. Currently a number of nanomaterials are under investigation for their suitability as sustained, controlled and targeted drug carriers. Leading edge of the rapidly developing nanosciences is the development and assessment of these nanomaterials, with specific physicochemical properties different from their larger/ bulk counterparts, as vehicles for transport of small and large drug molecules. The characteristics such as size, shape, chemical composition, surface structure and charge, aggregation and agglomeration, and solubility, can greatly influence interactions of these nanostructured systems or carriers with biomembranes and cells. The selectivity and reactivity achieved due to the very small size assigns these systems with a wide spectrum of applications. In this review, nanomaterials are considered in terms of the physical attributes or pharmaceutical effects allocated by them to the all-inclusive carrier or vehicle system (s). However we will limit our discussion to lipidic and polymeric nanomaterials, the two most commonly promoted, and safe nanosystems for delivery of both, the chemical or small molecular entities (SME) and the macromolecules including genes and siRNA.Contents of Paper
Nano Electronics: A New Era of Devices
Authors: Kaur Inderpreet , Yadav Shriniwas , Singh Sukhbir , Kumar Vanish , Arora Shweta , Bhatnagar Deepika
Published: November 2014

The technical and economic growth of the twentieth century was marked by evolution of electronic devices and gadgets. The day-to-day lifestyle has been significantly affected by the advancement in communication systems, information systems and consumer electronics. The lifeline of progress has been the invention of the transistor and its dynamic up-gradation. Discovery of fabricating Integrated Circuits (IC’s) revolutionized the concept of electronic circuits. With advent of time the size of components decreased, which led to increase in component density. This trend of decreasing device size and denser integrated circuits is being limited by the current lithography techniques. Non-uniformity of doping, quantum mechanical tunneling of electrons from source to drain and leakage of electrons through gate oxide limit scaling down of devices. Heat dissipation and capacitive coupling between circuit components becomes significant with decreasing size of the components. Along with the intrinsic technical limitations, downscaling of devices to nanometer sizes leads to a change in the physical mechanisms controlling the charge propagation. To deal with this constraint, the search is on to look around for alternative materials for electronic device application and new methods for electronic device fabrication. Such material is comprised of organic molecules, proteins, carbon materials, DNA and the list is endless which can be grown in the laboratory. Many molecules show interesting electronic properties, which make them probable candidates for electronic device applications. The challenge is to interpret their electronic properties at nanoscale so as to exploit them for use in new generation electronic devices. Need to trim downsize and have a higher component density have ushered us into an era of nanoelectronics.
Sensory analysis of traditional balsamic vinegars: current state and future perspectives
Authors: Lemmetti Federico , Solieri Lisa , Bonciani Tommaso , Zanichelli Gabriele , Giudici Paolo
Published: November 2014

Quality evaluation of traditional balsamic vinegar (TBV) is primarily based on sensory analysis. For every TBV batch, official sensory panels give a final score, which determines its assessment into quality and price categories. Therefore, an effective and objective sensory analysis is a core aspect in TBV production and marketing and it should fulfill at least two conditions: i) the panelists have been properly trained on the TBV features; ii) the panelists have to be free from any psychological and physical conditions which might affect human judgments. Traditionally, a panel of trained members assesses the TBV sensory attributes evaluating visual, olfactory, gustatory and trigeminal features at the same time. The result is that visual appearance significantly affects the subsequent stages of the sensory analysis, and even the olfactory and gustatory sensations will greatly affect each other. The aim of this work was to review the procedures for the sensory analysis of TBV and to define a set of TBV attributes. A new assessment questionnaire has been proposed to establish the appropriate sensory vocabulary for a complete description of TBV sensory properties.
The dynamic celestial Native American calendar of Devil’s Den Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, USA
Authors: Anton John A.
Published: November 2014

Gettysburg’s legacy is a well-chronicled highlight of American history. However, its significance as a revered battleground overshadows a forgotten Iroquoian group (Susquehannock) that occupied the region. The battlefield contains a diabase outcrop known as Devil’s Den that displays rounded blocks and weathered rectangular joints. Field reconnaissance identified a leaning rock slab that forms openings aligned to the summer and winter solstices. Moreover, the rock openings align with the rising and setting of Pleiades and Sirius, respectively, stellar objects tracked by northeastern Native Americans for agricultural and religious purposes. A petroglyph-bearing rock shadowed by the slab is the first known occurrence of petroglyphs in Adams County and only the 22nd documented case in Pennsylvania. Petroglyphs relating to select cardinal directions, Ursa major, and Manitou (Great Spirit manifestations) were situated for sunlight to interact with them during certain times of the year. The discovery of an Iroquoian calendar implies the region was utilised by a sedentary society.