bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the efficacy of subwavelength gratings as short-wavelength infrared filters
Authors: Liu Hezhuang , Huang Yixuan , Wu Jiang
Published: June 2024

Advancements in nanofabrication technology have greatly facilitated research on nanostructures and their associated properties. Among these structures, subwavelength components have emerged as promising candidates for ultra-compact optical elements, can potentially supplant conventional optical components and enable the realization of compact and efficient optical devices. Spectral analysis within the infrared spectrum offers a wealth of information for monitoring crop health, industrial processes, and target identification. However, conventional spectrometers are typically bulky and expensive, driving an increasing demand for cost-effective spectral sensors. Here we investigate three distinct subwavelength grating structures designed to function as narrowband filters within the short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) range. Through simple adjustments to the period of grating strips, these filters selectively transmit light across a wide wavelength range from 1100 to 1700 nm with transmission exceeding 70% and full width at half maximum (FWHM) down to 6 nm. Based on a simple design, the results present great potential of subwavelength grating filters for multiband integration and developing ultra-compact spectral sensors.
Different metazoan parasites, different transcriptomic responses, with new insights on parasitic castration by digenetic trematodes in the schistosome vector snail Biomphalaria glabrata
Authors: Lu Lijun , Bu Lijing , Laidemitt Martina R. , Zhang Si-Ming , Loker Eric S.
Published: June 2024

Background

Gastropods of the genus Biomphalaria (Family Planorbidae) are exploited as vectors by Schistosoma mansoni, the most common causative agent of human intestinal schistosomiasis. Using improved genomic resources, overviews of how Biomphalaria responds to S. mansoni and other metazoan parasites can provide unique insights into the reproductive, immune, and other systems of invertebrate hosts, and their responses to parasite challenges.

Results

Using Illumina-based RNA-Seq, we compared the responses of iM line B. glabrata at 2, 8, and 40 days post-infection (dpi) to single infections with S. mansoni, Echinostoma paraensei (both digenetic trematodes) or Daubaylia potomaca (a nematode parasite of planorbid snails). Responses were compared to unexposed time-matched control snails. We observed: (1) each parasite provoked a distinctive response with a predominance of down-regulated snail genes at all time points following exposure to either trematode, and of up-regulated genes at 8 and especially 40dpi following nematode exposure; (2) At 2 and 8dpi with either trematode, several snail genes associated with gametogenesis (particularly spermatogenesis) were down-regulated. Regarding the phenomenon of trematode-mediated parasitic castration in molluscs, we define for the first time a complement of host genes that are targeted, as early as 2dpi when trematode larvae are still small; (3) Differential gene expression of snails with trematode infection at 40dpi, when snails were shedding cercariae, was unexpectedly modest and revealed down-regulation of genes involved in the production of egg mass proteins and peptide processing; and (4) surprisingly, D. potomaca provoked up-regulation at 40dpi of many of the reproduction-related snail genes noted to be down-regulated at 2 and 8dpi following trematode infection. Happening at a time when B. glabrata began to succumb to D. potomaca, we hypothesize this response represents an unexpected form of fecundity compensation. We also document expression patterns for other Biomphalaria gene families, including fibrinogen domain-containing proteins (FReDs), C-type lectins, G-protein coupled receptors, biomphalysins, and protease and protease inhibitors.

Conclusions

Our study is relevant in identifying several genes involved in reproduction that are targeted by parasites in the vector snail B. glabrata and that might be amenable to manipulation to minimize their ability to serve as vectors of schistosomes.
Genomic investigation of Salmonella enterica Serovar Welikade from a pediatric diarrhea case first time in Shanghai, China
Authors: Shen Yinfang , Zhou Yibin , Gong Jingyu , Li Gang , Liu Yue , Xu Xuebin , Chen Mingliang
Published: June 2024

Background

Salmonella, an important foodborne pathogen, was estimated to be responsible for 95.1 million cases and 50,771 deaths worldwide. Sixteen serovars were responsible for approximately 80% of Salmonella infections in humans in China, and infections caused by a few uncommon serovars have been reported in recent years, though not with S. Welikade. This study reports the first clinical case caused by S. Welikade in China and places Chinese S. Welikade isolates in the context of global isolates via genomic analysis. For comparison, S. Welikade isolates were also screened in the Chinese Local Surveillance System for Salmonella (CLSSS). The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 28 antimicrobial agents were determined using the broth microdilution method. The isolates were sequenced on an Illumina platform to identify antimicrobial resistance genes, virulence genes, and phylogenetic relationships.

Results

The S. Welikade isolate (Sal097) was isolated from a two-year-old boy with acute gastroenteritis in 2021. Along with the other two isolates found in CLSSS, the three Chinese isolates were susceptible to all the examined antimicrobial agents, and their sequence types (STs) were ST5123 (n = 2) and ST3774 (n = 1). Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based phylogenetic analysis revealed that global S. Welikade strains can be divided into four groups, and these three Chinese isolates were assigned to B (n = 2; Sal097 and XXB1016) and C (n = 1; XXB700). In Group B, the two Chinese ST5123 isolates were closely clustered with three UK ST5123 isolates. In Group C, the Chinese isolate was closely related to the other 12 ST3774 isolates. The number of virulence genes in the S. Welikade isolates ranged from 59 to 152. The galF gene was only present in Group A, the pipB2 gene was only absent from Group A, the avrA gene was only absent from Group B, and the allB, sseK1, sspH2, STM0287, and tlde1 were found only within Group C and D isolates. There were 15 loci unique to the Sal097 isolate.

Conclusion

This study is the first to characterize and investigate clinical S. Welikade isolates in China. Responsible for a pediatric case of gastroenteritis in 2021, the clinical isolate harbored no antimicrobial resistance and belonged to phylogenetic Group B of global S. Welikade genomes.
Identification and verification of circRNA biomarkers for coronary artery disease based on WGCNA and the LASSO algorithm
Authors: Zhong Qilong , Jin Shaoyue , Zhang Zebo , Qian Haiyan , Xie Yanqing , Yan Peiling , He Wenming , Zhang Lina
Published: June 2024

Background

The role of circular RNAs (circRNAs) as biomarkers of coronary artery disease (CAD) remains poorly explored. This study aimed to identify and validate potential circulating circRNAs as biomarkers for the diagnosis of CAD.

Methods

The expression profile of circRNAs associated with CAD was obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differential expression analysis, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and least absolute shrinkage and selection operation (LASSO) were employed to identify CAD-related hub circRNAs. The expression levels of these hub circRNAs were validated using qRT-PCR in blood samples from 100 CAD patients and 100 controls. The diagnostic performance of these circRNAs was evaluated through logistic regression analysis, receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis, integrated discrimination improvement (IDI), and net reclassification improvement (NRI). Functional enrichment analyses were performed to predict the possible mechanisms of circRNAs in CAD.

Results

A total of ten CAD-related hub circRNAs were identified through WGCNA and LASSO analysis. Among them, hsa_circ_0069972 and hsa_circ_0021509 were highly expressed in blood samples of CAD patients, and they were identified as independent predictors after adjustment for relevant confounders. The area under the ROC curve for hsa_circ_0069972 and hsa_circ_0021509 was 0.760 and 0.717, respectively. The classification of patients was improved with the incorporation of circRNAs into the clinical model composed of conventional cardiovascular risk factors, showing an IDI of 0.131 and NRI of 0.170 for hsa_circ_0069972, and an IDI of 0.111 and NRI of 0.150 for hsa_circ_0021509. Functional enrichment analyses revealed that the hsa_circ_0069972-miRNA-mRNA network was enriched in TGF-β、FoxO and Hippo signaling pathways, while the hsa_circ_0021509-miRNA-mRNA network was enriched in PI3K/Akt and MAPK signaling pathways.

Conclusion

Hsa_circ_0069972 and hsa_circ_0021509 were identified by integrated analysis, and they are highly expressed in CAD patients. They may serve as novel biomarkers for CAD.
Prediction of short-term progression of COVID-19 pneumonia based on chest CT artificial intelligence: during the Omicron epidemic
Authors: Lou Xinjing , Gao Chen , Wu Linyu , Wu Ting , He Linyang , Shen Jiahao , Hua Meiqi , Xu Maosheng
Published: June 2024

Background and purpose

The persistent progression of pneumonia is a critical determinant of adverse outcomes in patients afflicted with COVID-19. This study aimed to predict personalized COVID-19 pneumonia progression between the duration of two weeks and 1 month after admission by integrating radiological and clinical features.

Methods

A retrospective analysis, approved by the Institutional Review Board, encompassed patients diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia between December 2022 and February 2023. The cohort was divided into training and validation groups in a 7:3 ratio. A trained multi-task U-Net network was deployed to segment COVID-19 pneumonia and lung regions in CT images, from which quantitative features were extracted. The eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) algorithm was employed to construct a radiological model. A clinical model was constructed by LASSO method and stepwise regression analysis, followed by the subsequent construction of the combined model. Model performance was assessed using ROC and decision curve analysis (DCA), while Shapley’s Additive interpretation (SHAP) illustrated the importance of CT features.

Results

A total of 214 patients were recruited in our study. Four clinical characteristics and four CT features were identified as pivotal components for constructing the clinical and radiological models. The final four clinical characteristics were incorporated as well as the RS_radiological model to construct the combined prediction model. SHAP analysis revealed that CT score difference exerted the most significant influence on the predictive performance of the radiological model. The training group’s radiological, clinical, and combined models exhibited AUC values of 0.89, 0.72, and 0.92, respectively. Correspondingly, in the validation group, these values were observed to be 0.75, 0.72, and 0.81. The DCA curve showed that the combined model exhibited greater clinical utility than the clinical or radiological models.

Conclusion

Our novel combined model, fusing quantitative CT features with clinical characteristics, demonstrated effective prediction of COVID-19 pneumonia progression from 2 weeks to 1 month after admission. This comprehensive model can potentially serve as a valuable tool for clinicians to develop personalized treatment strategies and improve patient outcomes.
Predictors of futile recanalization after endovascular treatment of acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Wang Li-Rong , Li Bing-Hu , Zhang Qi , Cheng Xu-Dong , Jia Li-Jun , Zhou Sen , Yang Shu , Wang Jian-Hong , Yu Neng-Wei
Published: June 2024

Objective

Endovascular therapy (EVT) is the most successful treatment for patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to large vessel occlusion (LVO) in the anterior circulation. However, futile recanalization (FR) seriously affects the prognosis of these patients. The aim of this study was to investigate predictors of FR after EVT in patients with AIS.

Method

Patients diagnosed with AIS due to anterior circulation LVO and receiving EVT between June 2020 and October 2022 were prospectively enrolled. FR after EVT was defined as a poor 90-day prognosis (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score ≥ 3) despite achieving successful reperfusion (modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction [mTICI] classification of 2b-3). All included patients were categorized into control group (mRS score < 3) and FR group (mRS score ≥ 3). Demographic characteristics, comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes, atrial fibrillation, smoking, etc.), stroke-specific data (NIHSS score, ASPECT score and site of occlusion), procedure data (treatment type [direct thrombectomy vs. bridging thrombectomy], degree of vascular recanalization [mTICI], procedure duration time and onset-recanalization time), laboratory indicators (lymphocytes count, neutrophils count, monocytes count, C-reactive protein, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio [NLR], monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein ratio [MHR], lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio [LMR], lymphocyte-to-C-reactive protein ratio [LCR], lymphocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein ratio[LHR], total cholesterol and triglycerides.) were compared between the two groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to explore independent predictors of FR after EVT.

Results

A total of 196 patients were included in this study, among which 57 patients were included in the control group and 139 patients were included in the FR group. Age, proportion of patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus, median NIHSS score, CRP level, procedure duration time, neutrophil count and NLR were higher in the FR group than in the control group. Lymphocyte count, LMR, and LCR were lower in the FR group than in the control group. There were no significant differences in platelet count, monocytes count, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL, gender, smoking, atrial fibrillation, percentage of occluded sites, onset-recanalization time, ASPECT score and type of treatment between the two groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that NLR was independently associated with FR after EVT (OR = 1.37, 95%CI = 1.005–1.86, P = 0.046).

Conclusion

This study demonstrated that high NLR was associated with a risk of FR in patients with AIS due to anterior circulation LVO. These findings may help clinicians determine which patients with AIS are at higher risk of FR after EVT. Our study can provide a theoretical basis for interventions in the aforementioned population.
Attitudes toward an HPV vaccine for condyloma acuminata and willingness to undergo vaccination among STD clinic attendees in China: Focus on STI prevention with HPV vaccine
Authors: Anqi-Liu  , Jiali-Quan  , Lingxian-Qiu  , Yue-Huang  , Wujian-Ke  , Huachun-Zou  , Ting-Wu  , Xuqi-Ren
Published: June 2024

Background

Condyloma acuminata (CA) is a common, and recurrent sexually transmitted disease (STD) that greatly contributes to direct health care costs and has a substantial psychosocial impact. Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination (containing L1 protein for HPV types 6 and 11) effectively controls CA.

Objectives

We investigated attitudes toward the HPV vaccine for CA and willingness to undergo vaccination among STD clinic attendees in China.

Methods

Attendees at STD clinics at two selected hospitals in Guangdong and Jiangsu Provinces from May to September 2017 were requested to complete a self-administered questionnaire for this cross-sectional study.

Results

The participants’ median age was 28 years (IQR: 24.0–34.0), and the sex ratio was balanced; 63.5% were from Guangdong, 36.5% were from Jiangsu, and 44.5% had a history of CA. The vaccine acceptance rate was high among the participants (85.8%,235/274) to whom the HPV vaccine for CA was available, especially among those who had heard of CA (89.0%, AOR = 3.14, 95% CI: 1.29–7.63, p = 0.0114). 95 (34.7%) of 274 participants had a positive attitude toward the HPV vaccine for CA. STD clinic attendees who had heard of the connection between HPV and CA (AOR = 2.56, 95% CI: 1.31-5.00, p = 0.0060), had heard of the HPV vaccines or cervical cancer vaccines (AOR = 1.90, 95% CI: 1.02–3.54, p = 0.0444) and had ever proactively discussed CA or the vaccine with others (AOR = 1.95, 95% CI:1.00-3.79, p = 0.0488) had better attitudes toward the HPV vaccine for CA. Over half of the participants (52.5%) expected the price of the HPV vaccine for CA to be under $90.

Conclusion

The acceptance of the HPV vaccine for CA was high among STD clinic attendees in China, and the participants’ self-perceived knowledge of CA and HPV was associated with better attitudes toward the HPV vaccine for CA. Education to improve knowledge is vital for reducing vaccine hesitancy.
Creating a healthy and sustainable food environment to promote plant-based food consumption: clear barriers and a gradual transition
Authors: van Hoeven Ward S. , Simons Monique , Czymoniewicz-Klippel Melina T. , Veling Harm
Published: June 2024

Background

A shift away from diets high in animal-based foods towards diets high in plant-based foods is desirable considering human health, environmental sustainability, and animal welfare. As the food environment plays a crucial role in shaping consumption patterns, understanding of how changes in the food environment can facilitate plant-based consumption is crucial for the so-called protein transition. The current study aims to garner insight into barriers and facilitators for food outlet managers to take action to stimulate plant-based consumption within a local food environment.

Methods

Using a maximum-variation sample approach, we examined possible barriers and facilitators to promote plant-based consumption across different types of food outlets located within a geographically shared food environment (a city in the Netherlands). We conducted in-depth semi-structured interviews among food outlet managers and applied multi-stage thematic analysis to the interview transcripts.

Results

Most managers underscored the urgency of shifting towards more plant-based diets, and perceived a growing demand for plant-based products. However, three barriers hindered most of them from taking decisive action: Managers’ perception of low consumer demand for plant-based food options; fear of consumer resistance when stimulating plant-based food options; and limited behavioral agency to offer attractive plant-based food options. The few managers who made changes, or intend to make changes, are individuals with high intrinsic motivation, knowledge and skills.

Conclusions

The present work suggests the key for change towards a food environment stimulating plant-based consumption lies in addressing three (perceived) barriers shared among diverse outlets. These are partly different from barriers for stimulating healthy consumption in general. Furthermore, current changes appear to be driven incidentally by individuals who are motivated and able to stimulate more plant-based purchases among a small targeted group of consumers.
Coronary stent implantation links to the occurrence of eosinophilia and interstitial pneumonia: a case report and systematic review
Authors: Zhang Fuyun , Wang Wei , Zhu Yingwei , Mao Yimin , Wang Tongsheng , Gao Pengfei
Published: June 2024

Background

Rapamycin has been extensively utilized for coating coronary artery stents to reduce the occurrence of restenosis, yet there has been limited research on the potential harms of rapamycin-eluting stents. Herein, We report a case of eosinophilia and interstitial pneumonia caused by a cobalt-based alloy stent eluted with rapamycin.

Case presentation

The patient was admitted due to fever, cough, and expectoration symptoms. Previously, the patient had undergone a procedure of percutaneous coronary stent implantation in our hospital’s cardiology department, which led to a gradual rise in blood eosinophil count. This time, the eosinophil count was higher than the previous admission. A chest CT scan revealed multiple flocculent density increases in both lungs and bronchiectasis. The rapamycin-eluting stents may have caused eosinophilia and interstitial pneumonia, which improved after administering corticosteroids. A systematic review of relevant literature was conducted to summarize the characteristics of interstitial pneumonia caused by drug-eluting stents.

Conclusion

Paclitaxel, everolimus, zotarolimus, and rapamycin are the types of drugs that can lead to drug-eluting stents, and because of the rarity of their onset, clinical doctors must be precise and prompt in diagnosing suspected cases to avoid misdiagnosis and delayed treatment.
Hoslundia opposita vahl; a potential source of bioactive compounds with antioxidant and antibiofilm activity for wound healing
Authors: Namuga Catherine , Muwonge Haruna , Nasifu Kerebba , Sekandi Peter , Sekulima Tahalu , Kirabira John Baptist
Published: June 2024

Background

Biofilms and oxidative stress retard wound healing. The resistance of biofilms to antibiotics has led to a search for alternative approaches in biofilm elimination. Antioxidants work synergistically with antibacterial agents against biofilms. Hence recent research has suggested plants as candidates in the development of new alternatives in biofilm treatments and as antioxidants due to the presence of phytocompounds which are responsible for their bioactivities. Hoslundia opposita Vahl is one of the plants used by traditional healers to treat wounds and other infections, this makes it a potential candidate for drug discovery hence, in this study, we investigate the antibiofilm and antioxidant activity of methanolic extract of hoslundia opposita Vahl from Uganda. We also identify phytochemicals responsible for its bioactivity.

Method

the plant was extracted by maceration using methanol, and the extract was investigated for antioxidant activity using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) assay. The antibiofilm activity using microtiter plate assay (MTP) assay where the Minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration required to inhibit 50% or 90% of the biofilm (MBIC50 and MBIC90) and Minimum biofilm eradication concentration required to remove 50% or 90% of the biofilm (MBEC50 and MBEC90) were measured. It was further analysed for its phytochemical composition using quantitative screening, as well as Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and Liquid chromatography mass-spectrometry (LC-MS).

Results

H. Opposita Vahl extract showed good antioxidant activity with of 249.6 mg/mL. It inhibited the growth of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus biofilms with MBIC50 of 28.37 mg/mL and 10 mg/mL, respectively. It showed the ability to eradicate P. aeruginosa and S. aureus biofilms with MBEC50 of 23.85 and 39.01 mg/mL respectively. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, and phenols. GC-MS analysis revealed 122 compounds in the extract of which, 23 have evidence of antioxidant or antibiofilm activity in literature. The most abundant compounds were; 1,4- Citric acid, Tetracontane-1,40-diol (43.43.3%, 1, Olean-12-en-28-oic acid, 3-hydroxy-, methyl ester, (3.beta) (15.36%) 9-Octadecenamide (12.50%), Squalene (11.85%) Palmitic Acid 4TMS (11.28%), and alpha Amyrin (11.27%). The LC-MS identified 115 and 57 compounds in multiple reaction mode (MRM) and scan modes respectively.

Conclusion

H. opposita Vahl showed antibiofilm and antioxidant activity due to bioactive compounds identified, hence the study justifies its use for wound healing. It can be utilised in further development of new drugs as antibiofilm and antioxidants.
Community-Based Health Planning and Services (CHPS) concept and access to healthcare delivery in Sefwi Wiawso Municipal, Ghana
Authors: Koyaara Abraham D. , Adjei Benjamin Noble , Boadu Eric Adjei , Dassah Edward T.
Published: June 2024

Background

In spite of the successes of the community-based health planning and services (CHPS) policy since its inception in the mid-1990s in Ghana, data pertaining to the implementation and use of CHPS facilities in Sefwi Wiawso Municipal is scant. We assessed access to healthcare delivery and factors influencing the use of CHPS in Sefwi Wiawso Municipal.

Methods

An analytical community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the Sefwi Wiawo Municipal from September to October 2020. Respondents for the study were recruited through multi-stage sampling. Information was collected on their socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge and use of CHPS facilities through interviews using a structured pre-tested questionnaire. Factors influencing the use of CHPS facilities were assessed using univariable and multivariable logistic regression to generate crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

A total of 483 respondents were recruited for the study. The mean age of the respondents was 43.0 ± 16.3 years, and over 70% were females or married/cohabiting with their partners. Most respondents (88.2%) knew about the CHPS concept and more than half (53.4%) accessed healthcare in the CHPS facilities. Most respondents rated the quality of health services (> 65%) and staff attitude (77.2%) very positively. Significant factors influencing the use of the CHPS facilities were; knowledge of the CHPS concept (AOR 6.57, 95% CI 1.57–27.43; p = 0.01), longer waiting time for a vehicle to the facility, and shorter waiting time at the facility before being provided with care. People who waited for 30–60 min (AOR 2.76, 95% CI 1.08–7.07; p = 0.01) or over an hour (AOR 10.91, 95% CI 3.71–32.06; p = 0.01) before getting a vehicle to the facility, while patients who waited for less than 30 min (AOR 5.74, 95% CI 1.28–25.67; p = 0.03) or 30–60 min (AOR 2.60, 95% CI 0.57–11.78; p = 0.03) at the CHPS facility before receiving care were more likely to access care at the CHPS facilities.

Conclusion

Knowledge, and use of healthcare services at the CHPS facilities were high in this population. Interventions aimed at reducing waiting time at the CHPS facilities could greatly increase use of healthcare services at these facilities.
Distance-related functional reorganization predicts motor outcome in stroke patients
Authors: Hong Wenjun , Liu Zaixing , Zhang Xin , Li Ming , Yu Zhixuan , Wang Yuxin , Wang Minmin , Wu Yanan , Fang Shengjie , Yang Bo , Xu Rong , Zhao Zhiyong
Published: June 2024

Background

Analyzing distance-dependent functional connectivity density (FCD) yields valuable insights into patterns of brain activity. Nevertheless, whether alterations of FCD in non-acute stroke patients are associated with the anatomical distance between brain regions remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the distance-related functional reorganization in non-acute stroke patients following left and right hemisphere subcortical lesions, and its relationship with clinical assessments.

Methods

In this study, we used resting-state fMRI to calculate distance-dependent (i.e., short- and long-range) FCD in 25 left subcortical stroke (LSS) patients, 22 right subcortical stroke (RSS) patients, and 39 well-matched healthy controls (HCs). Then, we compared FCD differences among the three groups and assessed the correlation between FCD alterations and paralyzed motor function using linear regression analysis.

Results

Our findings demonstrated that the left inferior frontal gyrus displayed distance-independent FCD changes, while the bilateral supplementary motor area, cerebellum, and left middle occipital gyrus exhibited distance-dependent FCD alterations in two patient subgroups compared with HCs. Furthermore, we observed a positive correlation between increased FCD in the bilateral supplementary motor area and the motor function of lower limbs, and a negative correlation between increased FCD in the left inferior frontal gyrus and the motor function of both upper and lower limbs across all stroke patients. These associations were validated by using a longitudinal dataset.

Conclusions

The FCD in the cerebral and cerebellar cortices shows distance-related changes in non-acute stroke patients with motor dysfunction, which may serve as potential biomarkers for predicting motor outcomes after stroke. These findings enhance our comprehension of the neurobiological mechanisms driving non-acute stroke.

Trial registration

All data used in the present study were obtained from a research trial registered with the ClinicalTrials.gov database (NCT05648552, registered 05 December 2022, starting from 01 January 2022).
Prognostic biomarker tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes failed to serve as a predictive biomarker for postoperative radiotherapy in completely resected pN2 non-small cell lung cancer: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Li Jiaran , Li Li , Wang Jingjing , Liu Ning , Liu Haixin , Xu Fuhao , Li Mengke , Yuan Shuanghu
Published: June 2024

Background

Evidence suggests that radiotherapy is a potent immunomodulator in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Conversely, it has rarely been demonstrated if immune infiltration can influence radiotherapy efficacy. Herein, we explored the effect of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) on the response to postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) in completely resected stage III-pN2 NSCLC.

Methods

This retrospective study included 244 patients with pathologically confirmed stage III-N2 NSCLC who underwent complete resection at our institution between 2014 and 2020. TILs were assessed with permanent full-face hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) sections and the evaluation of TILs was based on a published guideline. Patients were stratified into the TILlow or TILhigh group with a cutoff value of 50%. Kaplan-Meier method and Log‐rank test were utilized to assess disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis were conducted to determine prognostic indicators.

Results

Among 244 patients, a total of 121 patients received PORT whereas 123 did not. TILs level in patients with PORT was significantly higher than that in patients without PORT (p < 0.001). High TILs level was significantly associated with an improved DFS and OS in all the entire chort (DFS, p < 0.001; OS, p = 0.001), PORT chort (DFS, p = 0.003; OS, p = 0.011) and non-PORT chort (DFS, p < 0.001; OS, p = 0.034). There were no significant survival differences between different treatment modalities in the low TILs infiltration (DFS, p = 0.244; OS, p = 0.404) and high TILs infiltration (DFS, p = 0.167; OS, p = 0.958) groups.

Conclusions

TILs evaluated with H&E sections could represent a prognostic biomarker in patients with completely resected pN2 NSCLC, and high TILs infiltration was associated with favorable survival outcomes.The predictive value of TILs for PORT still need to be further explored in the future.
LLIN evaluation in Uganda project (LLINEUP2): association between housing construction and malaria burden in 32 districts
Authors: Gonahasa Samuel , Nassali Martha , Maiteki‑Sebuguzi Catherine , Namuganga Jane F. , Opigo Jimmy , Nabende Isaiah , Okiring Jaffer , Epstein Adrienne , Snyman Katherine , Nankabirwa Joaniter I. , Kamya Moses R. , Dorsey Grant , Staedke Sarah G.
Published: June 2024

Background

Well-built housing limits mosquito entry and can reduce malaria transmission. The association between community-level housing and malaria burden in Uganda was assessed using data from randomly selected households near 64 health facilities in 32 districts.

Methods

Houses were classified as ‘improved’ (synthetic walls and roofs, eaves closed or absent) or ‘less-improved’ (all other construction). Associations between housing and parasitaemia were made using mixed effects logistic regression (individual-level) and multivariable fractional response logistic regression (community-level), and between housing and malaria incidence using multivariable Poisson regression.

Results

Between November 2021 and March 2022, 4.893 children aged 2–10 years were enrolled from 3.518 houses; of these, 1.389 (39.5%) were classified as improved. Children living in improved houses had 58% lower odds (adjusted odds ratio = 0.42, 95% CI 0.33–0.53, p < 0.0001) of parasitaemia than children living in less-improved houses. Communities with > 67% of houses improved had a 63% lower parasite prevalence (adjusted prevalence ratio 0.37, 95% CI 0.19–0.70, p < 0.0021) and 60% lower malaria incidence (adjusted incidence rate ratio 0.40, 95% CI 0.36–0.44, p < 0.0001) compared to communities with < 39% of houses improved.

Conclusions

Improved housing was strongly associated with lower malaria burden across a range of settings in Uganda and should be utilized for malaria control.
Cefiderocol susceptibility of Achromobacter spp.: study of an accurately identified collection of 230 strains
Authors: Jean-Pierre Vincent , Sorlin Pauline , Pantel Alix , Chiron Raphaël , Lavigne Jean-Philippe , Jeannot Katy , Marchandin Hélène ,   Collaborative study group on antimicrobial resistance of Achromobacter spp., Amara Marlène , Cadot Lucile , Dauwalder Olivier , Degand Nicolas , Demar Magalie , Dupin Clarisse , Fangous Marie-Sarah , Franczak Claire , Garnier Fabien , Guiet Pascal , Guinard Jérôme , Hombrouck-Alet Cécile , Kaoula Atika , Mariani-Kurkdjian Patricia , Nørskov-Lauritsen Niels , Schramm Frédéric , Tellini Charlotte , Texier Anthony , Violette Jérémie , Wilhelm Nathalie
Published: June 2024

Background

Achromobacter spp. are opportunistic pathogens, mostly infecting immunocompromised patients and patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and considered as difficult-to-treat pathogens due to both intrinsic resistance and the possibility of acquired antimicrobial resistance. Species identification remains challenging leading to imprecise descriptions of resistance in each taxon. Cefiderocol is a broad-spectrum siderophore cephalosporin increasingly used in the management of Achromobacter infections for which susceptibility data remain scarce. We aimed to describe the susceptibility to cefiderocol of a collection of Achromobacter strains encompassing different species and isolation sources from CF or non-CF (NCF) patients.

Methods

We studied 230 Achromobacter strains (67 from CF, 163 from NCF patients) identified by nrdA gene-based analysis, with available susceptibility data for piperacillin–tazobactam, meropenem and trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of cefiderocol were determined using the broth microdilution reference method according to EUCAST guidelines.

Results

Strains belonged to 15 species. A. xylosoxidans represented the main species (71.3%). MICs ranged from ≤ 0.015 to 16 mg/L with MIC50/90 of ≤ 0.015/0.5 mg/L overall and 0.125/2 mg/L against 27 (11.7%) meropenem-non-susceptible strains. Cefiderocol MICs were not related to CF/NCF origin or species although A. xylosoxidans MICs were statistically lower than those of other species considered as a whole. Considering the EUCAST non-species related breakpoint (2 mg/L), 228 strains (99.1%) were susceptible to cefiderocol. The two cefiderocol-resistant strains (A. xylosoxidans from CF patients) represented 3.7% of meropenem-non-susceptible strains and 12.5% of MDR strains.

Conclusions

Cefiderocol exhibited excellent in vitro activity against a large collection of accurately identified Achromobacter strains, irrespective of species and origin.
Vaginal microbial profile of cervical cancer patients receiving chemoradiotherapy: the potential involvement of Lactobacillus iners in recurrence
Authors: Wang Yichen , Wang Tingzhang , Yan Dingding , Zhao Hongxia , Wang Meixia , Liu Tingting , Fan Xiaoji , Xu Xiaoxian
Published: June 2024

The vaginal microbiome is an immune defense against reproductive diseases and can serve as an important biomarker for cervical cancer. However, the intrinsic relationship between the recurrence and the vaginal microbiome in patients with cervical cancer before and after concurrent chemoradiotherapy is poorly understood. Here, we analyzed 125 vaginal microbial profiles from a patient cohort of stage IB–IVB cervical cancer using 16S metagenomic sequencing and deciphered the microbial composition and functional characteristics of the recurrent and non-recurrent both before and after chemoradiotherapy. We demonstrated that the abundance of beneficial bacteria and stability of the microbial community in the vagina decreased in the recurrence group, implying the unique characteristics of the vaginal microbiome for recurrent cervical cancer. Moreover, using machine learning, we identified Lactobacillus iners as the most important biomarker, combined with age and other biomarkers (such as Ndongobacter massiliensis, Corynebacterium pyruviciproducens ATCC BAA-1742, and Prevotella buccalis), and could predict cancer recurrence phenotype before chemoradiotherapy. This study prospectively employed rigorous bioinformatics analysis and highlights the critical role of vaginal microbiota in post-treatment cervical cancer recurrence, identifying promising biomarkers with prognostic significance in the context of concurrent chemoradiotherapy for cervical cancer. The role of L. iners in determining chemoradiation resistance in cervical cancer warrants further detailed investigation. Our results expand our understanding of cervical cancer recurrence and help develop better strategies for prognosis prediction and personalized therapy.
Adolescent sexual and reproductive health needs and utilisation of health services in the Bono East Region, Ghana
Authors: Okyere Joshua , Yeboa Naomi Kyeremaa , Nikoi Charity , Owusu-Amoako Margaret , Ferka Listowel , Nurzhynska Anastasia , Amo-Adjei Joshua
Published: June 2024

Background

Adolescents in Ghana are vulnerable to unequal power relations at the personal, community and structural levels which in turn limits their opportunities in access to critical sexual and reproductive health information and services. There is therefore high unmet need for sexual and reproductive health (SRH) information and services and the Bono East region typifies this situation, recording some of the poorest SRHR outcomes among adolescents. We, therefore, aimed to investigate the SRH needs (unmet), behaviors and utilization of SRH services among adolescents in the Bono East region.

Methods

Using a maximum variation sampling approach, this qualitative study conducted in-depth interviews and focused group discussions with adolescent boys and girls, parents, community leaders, and healthcare providers.

Results

Our findings are presented under two broad categories: major SRHR concerns of adolescents, and perspectives about that influences adolescents’ utilization of SRHR services. Under the major SRHR need of adolescents, the following themes emerged: information and services on pregnancy prevention, menstrual hygiene management, availability of comprehensive abortion care services, and attitudes towards adolescent pregnancy. The perspectives about the factors that influence adolescent children were discussed at multiple levels: individual/personal. interpersonal and community/societal. At the individual level, limited understanding of adolescence/puberty, desire of adolescents to belong and misperceptions about contraceptives. At the interpersonal level, issues relating to technical capacity needs of service providers, disrespect exhibited by service providers, and parental failure were identified as influential factors. Then at the community/societal level, we identified structural constraints and compromised social safety concerns in accessing contraceptives and services.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the findings from this study offer valuable insights into the complex landscape of adolescent sexual and reproductive health in the Bono East region. The implications for policy and practice are manifold, ranging from comprehensive education to addressing menstrual hygiene, involving parents, training healthcare providers, and promoting respectful care.
Changes of soil carbon along precipitation gradients in three typical vegetation types in the Alxa desert region, China
Authors: Zhu Xinglin , Si Jianhua , Jia Bing , He Xiaohui , Zhou Dongmeng , Wang Chunlin , Qin Jie , Liu Zijin , Zhang Li
Published: June 2024

The changes and influencing factors of soil inorganic carbon (SIC) and organic carbon (SOC) on precipitation gradients are crucial for predicting and evaluating carbon storage changes at the regional scale. However, people’s understanding of the distribution characteristics of SOC and SIC reserves on regional precipitation gradients is insufficient, and the main environmental variables that affect SOC and SIC changes are also not well understood. Therefore, this study focuses on the Alxa region and selects five regions covered by three typical desert vegetation types, Zygophyllum xanthoxylon (ZX), Nitraria tangutorum (NT), and Reaumuria songarica (RS), along the climate transect where precipitation gradually increases. The study analyzes and discusses the variation characteristics of SOC and SIC under different vegetation and precipitation conditions. The results indicate that both SOC and SIC increase with the increase of precipitation, and the increase in SOC is greater with the increase of precipitation. The average SOC content in the 0–300cm profile is NT (4.13 g kg−1) > RS (3.61 g kg−1) > ZX (3.57 g kg−1); The average value of SIC content is: RS (5.78 g kg−1) > NT (5.11 g kg−1) > ZX (5.02 g kg−1). Overall, the multi-annual average precipitation (MAP) in the Alxa region is the most important environmental factor affecting SIC and SOC.
Impact of maternal depression and anxiety on immunization status of children: a prospective cohort study
Authors: MacDonald Shannon E. , Dhungana Manisha , Stagg Victoria , McDonald Sheila , McNeil Deborah , Kellner James D. , Tough Suzanne , Saini Vineet
Published: June 2024

Background

Maternal depression and anxiety can have a detrimental impact on birth outcomes and healthy child development; there is limited knowledge on its influence on immunization schedule adherence. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to determine the impact of maternal depression and anxiety in the perinatal period on prolonged vaccine delay of childhood vaccines.

Methods

In this prospective cohort study, we analyzed linked survey and administrative data of 2,762 pregnant women in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Data were collected at two time-points: prenatal (< 25 weeks of gestation) and postpartum (4 months postpartum). We used multivariable logistic regression to examine the association between depression and anxiety with prolonged immunization delay, adjusting for covariates.

Results

In multivariable analysis, maternal depression at either time point was not associated with prolonged delay for DTaP-IPV-Hib (OR 1.16, 95% CI 0.74–1.82), MMR/MMRV (OR 1.03, 95% CI 0.72–1.48), or all routine childhood vaccines combined (OR 1.32, 95% CI 0.86–2.04). Maternal anxiety at either time point was also not associated with prolonged delayed for DTaP-IPV-Hib (OR 1.08, 95% CI 0.77–1.53), MMR/MMRV (OR 1.07, 95% CI 0.82–1.40), or all vaccines combined (OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.80–1.26). In both the depression and anxiety models, children of Canadian-born mothers had higher odds of prolonged delay, as did those with low-income mothers.

Conclusion

Health care providers can be reassured that maternal depression and anxiety do not appear to influence maternal commitment to routine immunization. Findings suggested that low income and household moves may influence adherence to vaccine schedules and health care providers may want to provide anticipatory guidance to these families.
Growth characteristics of HCT116 xenografts lacking asparagine synthetase vary according to sex
Authors: Aladelokun Oladimeji , Lu Lingeng , Zheng Jie , Yan Hong , Jain Abhishek , Gibson Joanna , Khan Sajid A. , Johnson Caroline H.
Published: June 2024

Background

Sex-related differences in colorectal (CRC) incidence and mortality are well-documented. However, the impact of sex on metabolic pathways that drive cancer growth is not well understood. High expression of asparagine synthetase (ASNS) is associated with inferior survival for female CRC patients only. Here, we used a CRISPR/Cas9 technology to generate HCT116 ASNS−/− and HCT 116 ASNS+/+ cancer cell lines. We examine the effects of ASNS deletion on tumor growth and the subsequent rewiring of metabolic pathways in male and female Rag2/IL2RG mice.

Results

ASNS loss reduces cancer burden in male and female tumor-bearing mice (40% reduction, q < 0.05), triggers metabolic reprogramming including gluconeogenesis, but confers a survival improvement (30 days median survival, q < 0.05) in female tumor-bearing mice alone. Transcriptomic analyses revealed upregulation of G-protein coupled estrogen receptor (GPER1) in tumors from male and female mice with HCT116 ASNS−/− xenograft. Estradiol activates GPER1 in vitro in the presence of ASNS and suppresses tumor growth.

Conclusions

Our study indicates that inferior survival for female CRC patients with high ASNS may be due to metabolic reprogramming that sustains tumor growth. These findings have translational relevance as ASNS/GPER1 signaling could be a future therapeutic target to improve the survival of female CRC patients.
The evaluation of a stepped care approach for early intervention of borderline personality disorder
Authors: Cavelti Marialuisa , Blaha Yasmine , Lerch Stefan , Hertel Christian , Berger Thomas , Reichl Corinna , Koenig Julian , Kaess Michael
Published: June 2024

Background

The current study evaluated the stepped care approach applied in AtR!Sk; a specialized outpatient clinic for adolescents with BPD features that offers a brief psychotherapeutic intervention (Cutting Down Program; CDP) to all patients, followed by a more intensive Dialectical Behavioral Therapy for Adolescents (DBT-A) for those whose symptoms persist.

Methods

The sample consisted of 127 patients recruited from two AtR!Sk clinics. The number of BPD criteria, psychosocial functioning, severity of overall psychopathology, number of days with non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI; past month), and the number of suicide attempts (last 3 months) were assessed at clinic entry (T0), after CDP (T1), and at 1- and 2-year follow-up (T2, T3). Based on the T1 assessment (decision criteria for DBT-A: ≥ 3 BPD criteria & ZAN-BPD ≥ 6), participants were allocated into three groups; CDP only (n = 74), CDP + DBT-A (eligible and accepted; n = 36), CDP no DBT-A (eligible, but declined; n = 17).

Results

CDP only showed significantly fewer BPD criteria (T2: β = 3.42, p < 0.001; T3: β = 1.97, p = 0.008), higher levels of psychosocial functioning (T2: β = -1.23, p < 0.001; T3: β = -1.66, p < 0.001), and lower severity of overall psychopathology (T2: β = 1.47, p < 0.001; T3: β = 1.43, p = 0.002) over two years compared with CDP no DBT-A, while no group differences were found with regard to NSSI and suicide attempts. There were no group differences between CDP + DBT-A and CDP no DBT-A, neither at T2 nor at T3.

Discussion

The findings support the decision criterion for the offer of a more intense therapy after CDP. However, there was no evidence for the efficacy of additional DBT-A, which might be explained by insufficient statistical power in the current analysis.