bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
There’s Regulatory Crime, and then there’s Landlord Crime: from ‘Rachmanites’ to ‘Partners’
Authors: Cowan Dave , Marsh Alex
Published: March 2003

This article considers local authority strategies towards the regulation and prosecution of private landlords who commit the criminal offences of unlawful eviction and harassment. Generally, local authorities operate compliance‐based strategies, rarely (if ever) resorting to prosecution. In seeking to explain this approach, the article draws upon the literature concerning regulatory crime, but also distinguishes local authority responses to landlord crime from regulatory crime as more typically conceived. Broadly, it is argued that, while there are clear parallels with other areas of regulatory activity, there is much that is different about landlord crime, particularly as a result of central government strategies towards the private rented sector, the legislative background to landlord crime, and the motivations behind local approaches to regulation.
The Common Travel Area between Britain and Ireland
Authors: Ryan Bernard
Published: March 2003

Despite its endorsement by the Treaty of Amsterdam, the origins and content of the ‘common travel area’ between Britain and Ireland remain largely unknown. This article relies upon published and archive material in order to provide a comprehensive analysis of the common travel area. It shows that the common travel area has been founded upon administrative agreements (in 1922 and 1952), that it has influenced the special status of Irish nationals in British law and vice versa, and that it has been reflected in the law on entry to each state from the other and in the enforcement by each state of the other's immigration policy. It goes on to argue that the existence of a land border between the two states has been the primary reason for the common travel area. The implications for the common travel area of the recent increase in immigration to Ireland are then examined. Here, it is shown there have been significant changes to Irish immigration law relating to the common travel area since 1997, and it is suggested that these new circumstances may result in further reform of laws and practices in both Britain and Ireland.
The Ecclesial Hermeneutic of Raymond E. Brown
Authors: Duffy Kevin
Published: March 2003

Against the background of some positions taken up in a recent document of the Pontifical Biblical Commission, the article studies Raymond Brown’s attempt to combine mainstream historical‐critical exegesis of the Bible with a Roman Catholic theological pre‐understanding. Particular reference is made to his handling of issues connected with the virginal conception of Jesus. Some of his religious presuppositions such as those concerning the relation between faith and reason, and the development of doctrine, are presented. Biblical criticism in Brown’s understanding is an essentially historical discipline which has as its principal object the literal sense of the text, that is, what the text meant when it was written. His religious presuppositions make the practice of the discipline ineliminable in an integral hermeneutic. From an analysis of his treatment of the virginal conception, it is argued that Catholic pre‐understanding and historical criticism, when combined, inevitably result in a two‐stage hermeneutic. In a first stage appeal is made to presuppostions common to all practitioners of historical criticism. In a second stage religious presuppostions come into play. The distinction between these two stages is seen as more fundamental than Brown’s better known distinction between the literal and more‐than‐literal senses of the text. It is argued that the relation between the two stages is to be understood in chalcedonian terms as exemplifying the dialectic of faith and reason: they must be distinguished, but cannot be separated. Brown’s grasp of an incarnational economy of salvation is presented in terms of David H. Kelsy’s concept of a discrimen, and emerges as fundamental for an ecclesial hermeneutic of the Bible. Questions about the place of the historical‐critical method, the promise of alternative approaches and the role of hermeneutical theory can only be adequately addressed in terms of it.
Personal Identity And Integration: Von Balthasar's Phenomenology Of Human Holiness
Authors: Harrison Victoria S.
Published: March 2003

In the view of Hans Urs von Balthasar, what is needed to bring a human life to fulfilment—to become ‘whole’—is the death of one's ‘personality’, and the acquisition of one's specific ‘personhood’, which is given to one, along with one's mission, by God. Moreover, according to von Balthasar, a human being becomes a ‘unique person’ when encountering God in contemplative prayer. And it is within contemplative prayer that one comes into contact with one's ‘Idea’, which is actualised when one' personal identity is fully developed, and which it is one's mission to conform to. Thus this article shows how the fundamental components of von Balthasar's distinctive phenomenological model of human holiness fit together, in actual practice as lived, around his core concept of ‘mission’.
The Bible, Knowledge of God and Dei Verbum
Authors: Baxter Anthony
Published: March 2003

How may an inquiring person fittingly look upon the Bible? In what manner can a person's attention to the Bible assist them to knowledge? For a Catholic Christian analysis, what ideas are suitable about the place of the Bible in relations between God and humans, and in appropriation by a person today of whatever divine disclosure or revelation is at hand? This article outlines reflections on these matters. Links are apparent with key points in Vatican II’s Dei Verbum.

The first of four sections concerns a fundamentalist outlook. Section II has to do with certain limited but significant ways in which a person may look on the Bible: ways similar to ways in which a person may look on other texts.

Section III pauses on inquiries into ‘deep, inner’ matters of life where the person inquiring does not proceed from a perspective of Catholic Christian faith.

Section IV surveys a broad range of thoughts that may aptly be endorsed from within a perspective of Catholic Christian faith. The thoughts concern the nature of the situation by which a Catholic Christian person today can advance in knowledge of God: in appropriation of divine disclosure. Ways in which a person may look on the Bible that go beyond those exhibited earlier are now made explicit. (The article fully allows that numerous views held by one or another follower of Jesus who does not adhere to Roman Catholicism may, in respects at stake, harmonize with a Catholic Christian faith‐perspective.)
Eschatological Images of Prophet and Priest in Edward Schillebeeckx’s Theology of suffering for Others
Authors: Tillar Elizabeth K.
Published: March 2003

Eschatological images of Jesus as found in Jewish and Christian texts constitute the foundation of Edward Schillebeeckx’s positive orientation to suffering for others. Jewish prototypes provided the early Christians with an understanding of Jesus’ suffering, death, and resurrection as the advent of the eschaton. The pre‐existing biblical figures, which early Jewish Christians appropriated in the aftermath of the devastating crucifixion, provided traditional categories through which the life and death of Jesus could be meaningfully interpreted. Jesus as the eschatological prophet‐martyr and Jesus as the suffering, eschatological high priest of the Epistle to the Hebrews are the most prominent and complex of the ancient figures. In Schillebeeckx’s analysis, each of the two composite titles ascribed to Jesus is an amplification of a prophetic or priestly prototype. The use of both models is predicted on Jesus’ compassionate and redemptive response to suffering – healing the sick, comforting the bereaved, giving hope to the oppressed, and proclaiming eschatological salvation.

Schillebeeckx’s historical‐critical investigation of Jesus’ perception of his anticipated death, as revealed in the Last supper narrative, and his analysis of the meaning ascribed to the crucifixion in primitive Christianity establish the basis for a theology of redemptive suffering in the early church. Schillebeeckx has critically examined three pre‐New Testament interpretations applied to Jesus’ crucifixion: (1) the death of the eschatological prophet‐martyr in the Deuteronomic tradition of the prophets whose proclamations were typically misjudged by Israel; (2) the fulfilment of the divine scheme of salvation through the suffering of the ‘righteous one’, who is ultimately exonerated by God; and (3) a vicarious, atoning sacrifice (the Jewish prototype that later influenced Anselm’s substitution theory). The interpretative categories examined by Schillebeeckx with respect to the crucifixion are closely related to the biblical images upon which his theology of suffering is based.
Whig history and Puritan politics: the Memoirs of Edmund Ludlow revisited
Authors: Worden Blair
Published: March 2003

This article extends arguments that were advanced in a work of 1978 by the same author, which showed that the Memoirs of the regicide Edmund Ludlow, a major source for the English civil wars, were a semi-forgery, based on, but transforming, an autobiographical manuscript by Ludlow. In the light of new evidence and of reassessment of the old, two claims made in 1978 are developed: that the reviser of the manuscript is likely to have been the deist and republican John Toland; and that the Memoirs were prepared, and need to be read, with an eye to the political circumstances of the later sixteen-nineties.
The arrest of William Thorpe in Shrewsbury and the anti–Lollard statute of 1406*
Authors: Jurkowski Maureen
Published: March 2003

This article publishes a Public Record Office document giving new insight into the arrest and trial of the Lollard chaplain William Thorpe, for which the only previously known source was the narrative account written by Thorpe himself. It reveals also that Thorpe was detained under authority of the 1406 anti–Lollard statute. Drawing on various archival sources, the article examines both the circumstances of Thorpe's arrest and the 1406 legislation. It concludes that the statute was an initiative of Archbishop Arundel which attempted to exploit his tenure of the chancellor's office for ecclesiastical purposes. This secular context explains the irregular nature of Thorpe's ‘trial’.
The Rise, Fall and Rise of Political Consensus in Britain since 1940
Authors: Harrison Brian
Published: March 2003

A distinction is drawn between pursuing consensus by direct and indirect routes. Whereas historians of consensus in Britain since 1940 have given ample attention to the direct route, events since 1979 highlight the importance of the indirect route, which instead of accepting existing opinion sets about changing it in order to shift consensus on to a new and more secure basis. The first section summarizes the consensus historians' view of the period. The second section specifies five difficulties presented by that view. The third seeks to circumvent those difficulties by drawing events since 1979 into the discussion, thereby bringing the indirect approach to consensus into closer focus and setting the consensus story into a more inclusive and broader chronological context than has been customary. It also seeks to lend the analysis of consensus in twentieth‐century Britain a fuller tactical and institutional dimension than it has hitherto received.
Social Democracy and Labour Politicsin Britain,1892–1911
Authors: Johnson Graham
Published: March 2003

Before the First World War European socialist parties developed in a social democratic tradition inspired by Marx. The British, however, went their own way and produced a unique and distinctive labour politics; the major organizations representing the political labour movement were the Independent Labour Party and the Labour Party. Despite this, Britain did have a party of the European type: the Social Democratic Federation (SDF). This article sets out to analyse the political differences between these organizations and to study the relationships between them. In particular, the prevailing view among contemporaries and historians that the SDF was mistaken in abandoning the labour alliance in 1901 is questioned. British social democrats adopted a more subtle and complex stance towards labour than is usually allowed. They often worked amicably with local labour activists, playing prominent roles as members of local labour representational committees, while attacking the Labour Party leadership for its moderation and closeness to the Liberals. Their contradictory stance gave them enhanced credibility among militants at a time of realignment in British politics, and allowed them to continue to influence the Labour Party from within.
Lincoln’s World: Virtues, Values and Violence in the Civil War Era
Authors: Grant Susan‐Mary
Published: March 2003

Book reviewed;

Timothy R. Mahoney, Provincial Lives: Middle‐class Experience in the Antebellum Middle West

Amy Dru Stanley, From Bondage to Contract: Wage Labor, Marriage, and the Market in the Age of Slave Emancipation

DuaneSchultz, The Dahlgren Affair: Terror and Conspiracy in the Civil War

Walter B. Stevens, A Reporter's Lincoln
‘The Trial That Never Was’: Why there was no Second International Trial of Major War Criminals at Nuremberg
Authors: Bloxham Donald
Published: March 2003

This article examines the foreign policies of Britain and the United States in the contexts of the occupation of Germany and the growing cold war to explain the abortion of a proposed second international trial of major war criminals at Nuremberg. It then illustrates and explains why, while the American legal authorities attempted to reinforce the principles established at the trial of Hermann Göring et al. by further trials of major war criminals within their zone of occupation, the British looked only to try ‘lesser’ war criminals, and to phase out their punishment programme altogether.
The Open Door: Hospitality and Honour in Twelfth/Early Thirteenth‐Century England
Authors: Kerr Julie
Published: March 2003

A renewed interest in etiquette and a growing preoccupation with rank in twelfth–century England heightened the importance of the public forum as an effective means to enhance reputation or, at the very least, to guard against shame. This article considers the significance of honour as an incentive behind hospitality in twelfth/early thirteenth–century England. The analysis is threefold and examines, first, how individuals were judged on their willingness to receive guests, secondly, the limits to their generosity, and thirdly, whether the outsider’s rejection of hospitality injured the host’s reputation.
An Unknown Statesman? Gaspar Fagel in the Service of William III and the Dutch Republic
Authors: Edwards Elizabeth
Published: March 2003

William III, stadholder of the states of Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Oversijssel and Gelderland (1672–1702) and king of England (1688–1702), was encouraged from an early age to be proud of his royal Stuart and Orange ancestry, and was always referred to in the Dutch Republic as His Highness the Prince of Orange. Yet his security of status within the republic was more than ordinarily dependent on the political interest of the Amsterdam merchant regents and the one–time lawyer, the grand pensionary, Gaspar Fagel, rather than on his quasi–royal status and noble supporters. This article discusses the evidence for the methods the grand pensionary used to ensure that the tensions between the prince’s policies and those of the republic did not finally undermine the security of the state. It shows that Fagel was more than just the prince’s right–hand man among the regents of the republic, but that he also made his mark on the evolution of the government of the states. He was able to use the structures and privileges of the states to ensure that he worked effectively with those with interest and influence in the decision–making processes, as well as establishing a useful and lasting network of agents, spies and contacts within both the republic and wider European diplomatic circles.
Two Para–Historical Approaches to Atrocity
Authors: Megill Allan
Published: March 2003

Books reviewed in this article:

Jonathan Glover, Humanity: A Moral History of the Twentieth Century

Erna Paris, Long Shadows: Truth, Lies, and History
Cinema and the Rescue of Historicity
Authors: Bann Stephen
Published: March 2003

Book reviewed in this article:

Philip Rosen, Change Mummified: Cinema, Historicity, Theory
Coping Abilities and Prisoners’ Perception of Suicidal Risk Management
Authors: Power Kevin , McElroy Joe , Swanson Vivien
Published: March 2003

Two hundred prisoners, in Scottish penal establishments, identified ‘at risk’ of suicidal behaviour were interviewed. Difficulty coping with imprisonment was associated with previous suicidal behaviour prior to custody, difficulties mixing with other prisoners, fewer friends in prison, previous psychological/psychiatric treatment whilst imprisoned, and history of alcohol‐related problems. Level of coping ability was not related to whether or not this was the first time in custody. However, the longer the period currently in custody, the greater the difficulty coping. Prisoners reported the main disadvantages of location on suicidal supervision as sensory deprivation, degrading aspects of the regime, negative emotional effects and social isolation. Benefits reported of the regime included prevention of suicide and self‐injury, time for reflection, solitude and protection. Results are discussed in relation to prisoner characteristics, coping abilities and methods of achieving a humane and safe environment for those ‘at risk’.
Do Bail Information Schemes Really Affect Bail Decisions?
Authors: Dhami Mandeep K
Published: March 2003

Bail Information Schemes gather and provide information on a defendant's community ties to the court. Past evaluations have concluded that schemes are effective because more defendants are granted bail. However, the evaluations include possible confounds and other limitations, thus threatening the validity of their findings. They are also incompatible with research showing that magistrates do not always attend to community ties information. Here, an experiment examined the effect of community ties information on magistrates' bail decisions on hypothetical cases. It was found that schemes do not significantly affect decisions, although they do serve to significantly increase confidence in decisions. Implications for the future of schemes are discussed.
Menu Costs, Nominal Wage Revisions, and Intracontract Wage Behavior
Authors: Christofides Louis N. , Laporte Audrey
Published: March 2003

We use data from indexed and nonindexed Canadian wage agreements to study the intracontract profile of nominal and real wages. Allowing for endogenous switching between the two indexation categories, we conclude that the number of nominal wage revisions depends on contract duration, expected inflation, and the cost of adjusting wages. Our results have implications for the menu cost, overlapping contracts, dynamic monopoly union, and efficient bargain literatures.
Setting Price Controls While Facing Variable Or Uncertain Market Conditions
Authors: Chen Paul
Published: March 2003

Price controls under variable or uncertain market conditions do not lead to market equilibrium. Under different assumptions for the rationing mechanism during shortages and surpluses, I find, assuming small market shocks, that the optimal regulated price can be related in a simple way to the relative slopes of the marginal benefit and marginal cost functions. In addition, if the consumption price may differ from the production price, then consumers should pay less than or equal to what producers receive, implying possibly a unit subsidy to market transactions.
Two‐Sided Search, Marriages, and Matchmakers
Authors: Bloch Francis , Ryder Harl
Published: March 2003

This article analyzes the provision of matching services in a model of two‐sided search. Agents belong to two heterogeneous populations and are distributed on [0, 1]. Their utility is equal to the index of their mate. In a search equilibrium agents form subintervals and are only matched to agents inside their class. Marriage brokers match agents according to a centralized procedure. If the matchmaker charges a uniform participation fee, only agents of higher quality participate in the centralized procedure. If the matchmaker charges a commission on the matching surplus, only agents of lower quality go to the intermediary.
Growth‐Enhancing Bubbles
Authors: Olivier Jacques
Published: March 2003

This article challenges the conventional wisdom that speculation in financial markets reduces long‐run growth. It shows that the real impact of a (rational deterministic) speculative bubble depends on the type of asset that is being speculated on. Speculative bubbles on equity raise the market value of firms, thus encouraging entrepreneurship, firm creation, investment, and growth. On the other hand, speculation on other types of assets is shown to be unambiguously growth‐impairing. The model can explain some stylized facts about financial development and growth. Finally, regulatory implications are discussed briefly.
Further Results on Bayesian Method of Moments Analysis of the Multiple Regression Model
Authors: Zellner Arnold , Tobias Justin
Published: March 2003

In this article we extend previous BMOM results by showing how information about a variance parameter and its relation to regression coefficients produces a rich class of postdata densities for regression parameters. Prediction and model selection techniques are also described. We also discuss the well‐documented link between cross‐entropy and the average log odds and then use this criterion in an experiment to compare results obtained from BMOM and Bayes approaches using data generated from known models.
Equilibrium Search Models and the Transition From School To Work
Authors: Bowlus Audra J. , Kiefer Nicholas M. , Neumann George R.
Published: March 2003

This paper applies the Burdett–Mortensen (1998) equilibrium search model to study the school to work transitions of U.S. high school graduates. We consider the case of discrete firm heterogeneity and provide a computational method to obtain the MLE. Our results show that unemployed blacks receive fewer offers than whites and employed blacks are more likely to lose their jobs. Importantly, employed blacks and whites receive job offers at the same rate. Assigning the whites' search parameters to the blacks and re‐solving reveals that 75 percent of the observed wage differential is explained by the job destruction rate differences.
Trade Imbalance and Domestic Market Competition Policy
Authors: Yano Makoto
Published: March 2003

This study investigates the effect of a country's suppression of competition in its market for nontradables. It assumes that the initial equilibrium is stationary and demonstrates that if competition is suppressed in a small country, the country's trade surplus increases in the short run. In the large country case, the same change creates an excess demand for future tradables and affects the relative price between present and future tradables. Using a two‐country model, the study shows that this price change redistributes real wealth from the country with a trade deficit to the country with a trade surplus.
Bootstrapping Smooth Functions of Slope Parameters and Innovation Variances in VAR(∞) Models*
Authors: Inoue Atsushi , Kilian Lutz
Published: March 2003

It is common to conduct bootstrap inference in vector autoregressive (VAR) models based on the assumption that the underlying data‐generating process is of finite‐lag order. This assumption is implausible in practice. We establish the asymptotic validity of the residual‐based bootstrap method for smooth functions of VAR slope parameters and innovation variances under the alternative assumption that a sequence of finite‐lag order VAR models is fitted to data generated by a VAR process of possibly infinite order. This class of statistics includes measures of predictability and orthogonalized impulse responses and variance decompositions. Our approach provides an alternative to the use of the asymptotic normal approximation and can be used even in the absence of closed‐form solutions for the variance of the estimator. We illustrate the practical relevance of our findings for applied work, including the evaluation of macroeconomic models.
A Comparison of Multiple‐Unit All‐Pay and Winner‐Pay Auctions Under Incomplete Information*
Authors: Barut Yasar , Kovenock Dan , Noussair Charles N.
Published: March 2003

This article examines the properties of independent‐private‐value all‐pay and winner‐pay auctions when there are multiple units sold. We study bidding behavior, efficiency, and revenue in a set of 23 experimental sessions. Our data show that the all‐pay auction and the winner‐pay auction are empirically revenue equivalent, though both yield higher revenue than the risk neutral Bayesian equilibrium. Our evidence also suggests that the winner‐pay auction is more likely to lead to a Pareto‐efficient allocation than the all‐pay auction.
Consumption Externalities, Coordination, and Advertising*
Authors: Pastine Ivan , Pastine Tuvana
Published: March 2003

The aim of this article is to demonstrate that advertising can have an important function in markets with consumption externalities apart from its persuasive and informative roles. We show that advertising may function as a device to coordinate consumer expectations of the purchasing decisions of other consumers in markets with consumption externalities. The implications of advertising as a coordinating device are examined in the pricing and advertising decisions of firms interacting strategically. Although, at times, the one‐period advertising expense can exceed the one‐period monopoly profit, in equilibrium, consumers will pay a premium for the more heavily advertised brand.
Money and the gains from trade*
Authors: Berentsen Aleksander , Rocheteau Guillaume
Published: March 2003

This article studies the role of money in environments where in each meeting there is a double coincidence of real wants. Traders who meet at random finance their purchases through current production, the sale of divisible money or both. It is shown that in the absence of valued money if traders have asymmetric tastes for each other's good, they produce and exchange socially inefficient quantities. With valued money, however, traders exchange efficient quantities if the asymmetry of tastes is not too large. It is shown that the gains from trade in the monetary economy are strictly greater than those in the corresponding barter economy, that the Friedman rule holds, and that the allocation of resources in the monetary economy converges to the allocation in the barter economy as the growth rate of the money supply is increased.
European Equity Markets after the Euro: Competition and Cooperation Across New Frontiers
Authors: Arlman Paul
Published: March 2003

After the successful introduction of the euro, and strengthened by vigorous European and national legislation guaranteeing investor protection, fair markets and adequate supervision and enforcement, Europe's increasingly integrated equity markets may be considered in many respects to be on a par with the markets in the USA. A further opening up of market opportunities – especially from the American side, where legislation and Securities and Exchange Commission attitudes maintain unnecessary barriers to trading screens from regulated markets abroad – would enhance both American and European economies.
Tracking the Euro's Progress
Authors: Chinn Menzie D. , Alquist Ron
Published: March 2003

The evolution of the euro since its inception has appeared inexplicable. This paper develops a monetary model of the euro/US dollar exchange rate to track the progress of the currency, both before and after Stage 3 EMU. The relationship between the exchange rate, money stocks, GDP, interest and inflation rates, and prices is identified. The observed patterns of behaviour during the 1990s are used to predict the euro's value up to mid‐2000; a consistent finding is that the euro is over‐predicted by 23–30%. This finding is robust to the use of alternative sample periods and alternative estimation methodologies, as long as each of the variables is treated as endogenous.

This monetary model does not give much weight to factors such as productivity. However, the past evolution of European exchange rates suggests that productivity trends are indeed important. Some estimates suggest that an annual one percentage point in the intercountry differential in tradable‐nontradable productivity causes a 0.85'1.7% real appreciation of a currency.
The Vulnerability of Banks to Government Default Risk in the EMU
Authors: Arnold Ivo , Lemmen Jan
Published: March 2003

This paper examines the vulnerability of banks in EMU countries to shocks to default risk premiums on public debt. This vulnerability depends on the total amount of public debt in bank portfolios, the degree of geographical diversification of public debt holdings by banks, and the extent to which the default risk of EMU governments is diversifiable. We calculate the effect of country‐specific default shocks on the public debt portfolios of banks. The calculations are based on data of public debt positions at the aggregate banking sector level and take into account the historical covariance structure of default risk premiums in the EMU. We compare the following scenarios. First, we calculate the effect on the standard deviation of the capital‐to‐assets ratio if banks continue to hold mainly domestic public debt. Next, we calculate this effect if banks diversify their investments in public debt. We find that the standard deviation of the capital‐to‐assets ratio can decline considerably if banks diversify their public debt holdings. We close withsome implications for prudential regulation.
Do Governments Use Financial Derivatives Appropriately? Evidence from Sovereign Borrowers in Developed Economies
Authors: Piga Gustavo
Published: March 2003

This article provides original evidence on the use of derivatives by sovereign borrowers. Swaps are used both to increase the liquidity of long‐term government bonds and for speculation. However, some sovereign borrowers have also used derivatives to ‘window dress’ their public accounts for the purpose of disguising budget deficits. One actual window‐dressing transaction by a sovereign borrower that used it to facilitate entry into the EMU is described. It is shown that the size of the artificial deficit reduction it achieved through this transaction is large. I argue that window‐dressing through derivatives might prove particularly damaging for the political stability of the EMU, the effectiveness of stabilization programmes in less developed countries, and the credibility of supranational institutions charged with monitoring the soundness of client‐country economic policies. Window dressing also dangerously distorts the relationship between governments and private financial institutions. I suggest proper accounting procedures that should be used to eliminate the possibility of such operations.
Perceptions of Overt and Personality‐based Integrity Tests
Authors: Whitney David J. , Diaz Judith , Mineghino Maryann E. , Powers Karen
Published: March 2003

Differences in test‐taker perceptions between overt and personality‐based integrity tests were examined. Following administration of both types of integrity tests, 255 undergraduate students provided ratings of perceived face validity and perceived predictive validity. Following receipt of actual test scores, 126 test takers participated in a second phase of the study in which they reported perceptions of distributive justice. Test takers perceived overt integrity tests as having greater face validity and predictive validity than personality‐based integrity tests. Perceptions of job‐relatedness were not strongly related to test performance on either test type. Distributive justice perceptions were related to test performance, but not type of integrity test.
Interim Managers: Distinguishing Personality Characteristics of Managers on Short‐term Contracts
Authors: Feltham Rob , Hughes Dan
Published: March 2003

The use of interim managers by companies is increasing, and reasons for this trend are discussed. A study is reported in which the normative personality make‐up of a group of interim managers is compared with that of a general sample of UK managers. Ninety‐four interim managers completed the revised PA Preference Inventory (PAPI‐N) and the results are compared with those from a general UK managerial sample. Statistically significant differences are reported for 12 out of 20 scales, with nine of the effect sizes ≥ 0.5. Results are also compared with a priori job expert predictions. Of nine predictions that interim managers would differ from the general management norm, seven are consistent with the statistical findings. Practical and methodological implications of the findings, and their relation to the ‘Big Five’, are discussed, together with broader implications for the study of workers in new and emerging forms of employment. The findings are also interpreted in the particular context of interim management roles.
The Differential Effects of Extracurricular Activities on Attributions in Résumé Evaluation
Authors: Nemanick, Jr Richard C. , Clark Eddie M.
Published: March 2003

This study examines the effects that extracurricular activities have on the attributions a résumé reader makes about an applicant. Three characteristics of extracurricular activities (number of activities, holding positions of leadership, and relevance of the activities) were manipulated across 24 résumés of fictitious college graduates. Some 219 raters read the résumés and made judgments about the level of the applicant’s quality. The results showed a main effect for the number of activities, a main effect for holding leadership positions, and a main effect for relevance of the activity. Furthermore, a three–way interaction revealed the differential effects that the relevance of the activities had on the attributions at different levels of leadership and number of activities. A mix of career–related and social activities garnered higher ratings for those who held leadership positions in five activities. However, for those who were leaders in only two activities or were not leaders in five, having only career–related activities earned them higher ratings. For applicants who were not leaders in two activities, relevance of the activities played no role.
A praxis and Research Agenda for Multicultural Human Services Organizations
Authors: Nagda Biren A. , Gutíerrez L. M.
Published: March 2003

Human services organizations in the United States are currently faced with the problems of a diminishing and shifting resource base coupled with increasing demands for services. In addition, national demographic changes with increasing social diversity, and a rise in racial, ethnic, gender and other group‐based tensions have posed special challenges for human service organizations. By tracing the history of social work approaches to working with ethnic minorities, this paper argues that responses to environmental flux have in fact been inadequate in addressing issues of social inequalities and injustices. We articulate a vision of socially just and diverse human services organizations that are both empowering and empowered. We call these Multicultural Human Services Organizations (MHSO). We spell out praxis and research agendas that continue the social justice‐social diversity mission that is central to our vision.
Children’s Living Conditions in Sweden. Social Patterns and Trends in Parental Accessibility, Child Care and Economic Resources
Authors: ;Ouml;stberg Viveca
Published: March 2003

In this study, using data from the Swedish level of living surveys in 1981 and 1991 of more than 3,500 children, social patterns and trends in children’s living conditions are analysed. The conditions focused on are linked to parental employment, namely, parental accessibility, use of child care and economic resources. The primary statistical method used is logistic regression analysis. The results show differences in children’s access to mothers and fathers as parental access is restricted by various aspects of employment. There were also differences in childrenrsquo;s resources by social class and family structure. Of further importance was the combination of these, especially in the way that social class was more decisive for the children of single parents.
Keep out of the reach of children: parental unemployment and children’s accident risks in Sweden 1991–1993
Authors: Ström Sara
Published: March 2003

In the early 1990s, unemployment levels increased dramatically in Sweden. Although the effects of unemployment on unemployed individuals are well‐documented, research on parental unemployment and children has been neglected. The aim of the present study is to explore the relationship between parental unemployment and children’s accident risks in Sweden for the period 1991–1993. Two independent samples are used: the Swedish Level of Living Survey 1991 (original sample 6,733 individuals) and the Swedish Longitudinal Study among Unemployed 1992–1993 (original sample 792). The samples were taken during periods of both low and high unemployment. The results indicate that parental unemployment is associated with increased accident risks among children in 1991, 1992 and 1993. The increased risks do not seem to be due to the effects of adverse selection into unemployment on parental well‐being, financial difficulties or alcohol consumption. It is also suggested that low parental well‐being is of causal significance within the unemployed group.
Towards the Learning Organisation? Explaining Current Trends in Training Practice in the UK
Authors: Raper Paula , Ashton David , Felstead Alan , Storey John
Published: March 2003

Here the authors take a critical look at the now popular concept of the ‘learning organisation’. In particular, they draw upon new research which helps to clarify some of the fine detail of current organisational practices with regard to skill formation. It is found that there are in fact some features of contemporary organisational practices which do accord with the concept but that, in the main, the abstract and aspirational character of the concept renders it a poor guide to understanding the dilemmas and activities of real organisations, and that on balance, the concept is more of a hindrance than a help.
Applying Within‐Subject Methodology to Transfer of Training Research
Authors: Oliver Julianne R. , Fleming Richard K.
Published: March 2003

Research suggests that the knowledge, skills, and abilities acquired by trainees in organisational training programmes frequently fail to transfer to the job. Accordingly, continued research on transfer of training is needed. Recent critical reviews of the training literature have indicated the need for improved methodological rigour in transfer of training research. This article presents recommendations for improving the methodological rigour of research on transfer of training. Specifically, the article addresses problems with selecting and measuring dependent variables, operationalising independent variables, conducting repeated measurements, and using within‐subject and within‐group research designs.
Structuring On‐the‐job Training: Report of a Multiple Case Study
Authors: De Jong Jan A. , Versloot Bert
Published: March 2003

Structured on‐the‐job training (OJT) has gained the attention of the business world as well as of researchers. The project discussed in this article contains a series of case studies of on‐the‐job training programmes in seven Dutch firms. Several dimensions are found to be useful in discriminating between types of OJT activities and between ways of structuring OJT. Trainee activities are either of a preparatory nature or a real work character. Assignments may be focussed on skill application, individualised study, or experiential learning. Jobs may be broken down to a greater or lesser extent and supervisors may have either a directive or a coaching role.
Investors in People: how a large public sector organisation in the UK dealt with a new national training initiative
Authors: Emberson Michael , Winters Janet
Published: March 2003

This research constitutes a study of the Investors in People (IIP) initiative. It presents a case study of the implementation of the initiative in a UK public sector organisation, the Bene‐fits Agency, which administers social security payments on behalf of the UK government. The initial premise is that the claims made on behalf of IIP should not go unchallenged and that a critical analysis of the initiative is required in order that an informed debate should take place. Building on that premise the research seeks to inform that debate. The relevant literature, academic and non‐academic, is surveyed and a discussion on the most suitable research methodology to increase the stock of knowledge is conducted. The selected methodology is that of case study and the research consisted of eleven semi‐structured interviews with managers within the Benefits Agency. The data collected from these interviews is presented and then analysed with reference back to the literature.
International briefing 7: Training and development in Singapore
Authors: Osman‐Gani A Ahad M , Tan Wee‐Liang
Published: March 2003

Singapore’s only resource is its people. It has made HRD as a key strategy for economic development since its inception. Its economic success story is entwined with the training and development of its workforce. A national manpower development infrastructure has been put in place to facilitate training and lifelong learning of its people for the twenty‐first century under a master plan called Manpower 21. Continuous training and skills development has been possible through close cooperation between the state, employers and the unions through unique working relationships between several policy‐making institutions, such as the National Manpower Council and the National Wages Council.
Portfolios as developmental assessment tools
Authors: Tillema Harm H
Published: March 2003

Portfolios can be valuable tools for development and are in this respect informative evaluation devices for gaining under‐standing about individual accomplishments. The portfolio's strongest benefit is probably the insight it provides into performance as well as the way it helps track progress in learning. This study investigates how the portfolio's attribute to proliferate can show acquired competence in a concrete, visible and tangible way. Differences between three types of portfolio were studied. These are the reflective portfolio, the dossier, and the course learning portfolio. It was hypothesised that a developmental use of portfolio would support the portfolio collector best through the functional feedback it provides. The results of the study indicate that the reflective portfolio is an especially effective assessment tool for bringing about performance and learning‐related change. The reflective portfolio is particularly suitable for focusing directly on self‐determined levels of performance as well as showing recommendations from feedback provided by the portfolio instrument.
Reminiscences of the relief of Leiden: a total ritual event
Authors: Nas Peter J.M. , Roymans Anja
Published: March 2003

This article examines the Third of October festivities in the city of Leiden, The Netherlands, held in commemoration of its relief from the Spanish siege in 1574. These festivities are defined as a total urban ritual event and put in a historical perspective. They include all sorts of activities such as the handing out of herring and white bread, the eating of a beef stew, reveille, choral singing, a solemn church service of thanksgiving, and the funfair and market selling a variety of wares. The meaning of the core rituals is analysed at three levels. At its most profound level, this total urban ritual event is conceived in relation to the basic value dichotomy of life and death, which is expressed in the use of space during the festivities. At the level of intergroup relations, the exchange of food is seen as an important form of gift exchange which defines the relationships. At the institutional level, the interplay of city, state and church is shown to be crucial to the understanding of the main ritual activities. The Leiden Third of October festivities, analysed as a total urban ritual event, unveil the inversion of power relations and the celebration of common social interaction.

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Cet article examine les festivités du Trois Octobre dans la ville de Leiden aux Pays‐Bas qui commémorent sa délivrance du siège espagnol en 1574. Ces festivités sont définies comme un événement rituel urbain total et présentées dans une perspective historique. Elles comprennent toutes sortes d’activités comme la remise de hareng et de pain blanc, le manger du ragoût de boeuf, le réveil, des choeurs, l’office solennel du jour d’action de grâce, la foire et le marché où l’on vend une variété d’articles. La signification de ces rituels centraux est analysée sur trois niveaux. Au niveau le plus profond, ce rituel urbain total est conçu par rapport a la valeur de base de la dichotomie vie‐mort qui est exprimée dans l’utilisation de l’espace pendant les festivités. Au niveau des relations entre groupes, l’échange de nourriture est vu comme une forme importante de l’échange du don qui définit les relations. Au niveau institutionnel, il est démontré que l’interaction de la ville, de l’état, et de l’église est cruciale pour comprendre les activités rituelles principales. Les festivités du Trois Octobre à Leiden, analysées en tant qu’événement rituel urbain total, révèlent l’inversion des relations de pouvoir et la célébration de l’interaction sociale commune.
Sport as a cultural system: sports policies and (new) ethnicities in Lyon and Birmingham
Authors: Arnaud Lionel
Published: March 2003

‘Sport promotes integration’: this idea seems to be commonly accepted both in France and in the UK, even though the authorities in each country see the issue of ‘ethnic minorities’ very differently. This article draws on research based on interviews with the main actors of ‘socio–sports’ policies in the cities of Lyon and Birmingham and on analysis of consultation procedures and official documents, to show that sport provides a set of symbolic markers that helps the authorities, professionals and ‘ethnic minorities’ to get their bearings in an uncertain multicultural situation. Although ‘ethnic minorities’ try to control the direction of sports policies in pursuit of their own objectives, their strategies tend to be ‘routinized’ around markers legitimized by the authorities in response to the success of certain sporting practices. Sports policies, therefore, promote ‘security’ of identity for these ‘minorities’ by ‘mapping’ their environment using the values and principles of sport.

‘Le sport favorise l’int´gration’: cette idée semble communément admise en France et en Grande–Bretagne alors même que leurs autorités respectives envisagent de manière très différente la question des ‘minorités ethniques’. À partir d’une recherche fondée sur des entretiens avec les principaux acteurs des politiques ‘socio–sportives‘ des villes de Lyon et de Birmingham, et sur l’analyse des procédures de concertation et des documents officiels, l’analyse montre que le sport trace des repères symboliques qui permettent aux pouvoirs publics, aux professionnels et aux ‘minorités ethniques’ de s’orienter dans une réalité multiculturelle incertaine. Mais si ces dernières tentent de contrôler l’orientation des politiques sportives de manière à poursuivre leurs propres objectifs, leurs stratégies tendent également à se ‘routiniser’ autour des repères que les pouvoirs publics ont légitimé pour répondre au succès des pratiques sportives. Les politiques sportives favorisent dès lors la ‘sécurisation’ identitaire de ces ‘minorités’ en ‘cartographiant’ leur environnement à l’aide des valeurs et des principes du sport.