bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Психоемоційні розлади у пацієнтів з коронавірусною інфекцією: питання лікування
Authors: Stadnik S.M.
Published: February 2022

У роботі подані результати вивчення динаміки тривожно-депресивної симптоматики, когнітивної дисфункції та якості життя 107 пацієнтів з коронавірусною інфекцією (COVID-19) на фоні терапії антидепресантами. Пацієнти були розподілені на 3 групи: 1-ша група (n = 38) — пацієнти отримували стандартну терапію в комбінації з флуоксетином; 2-га група (n = 42) — пацієнти отримували стандартну терапію в комбінації з сертраліном; 3-тя група (контрольна, n = 27) — пацієнти отримували стандартну терапію без додаткового призначення антидепресантів. Встановлено, що при клінічно однорідних початкових даних застосування у пацієнтів з COVID-19 флуоксетину і сертраліну призвело до позитивних змін тривожно-депресивної і когнітивної симптоматики. Зниження рівня депресивної симптоматики корелювало з поліпшенням якості життя пацієнтів. Сертралін має кращу клінічну ефективність у лікуванні пацієнтів з тривожно-депресивними розладами на фоні COVID-19, а також задовільну безпеку і переносимість порівняно з флуоксетином. Отже, сертралін може бути рекомендований для терапії коморбідних тривожно-депресивних розладів при COVID-19.
The Motion of Strong Plane Shock Wave in Highly Viscous Medium
Authors:   Departmen. of  Physics, Daryao Singh Rathore Mem. Degree College, Budaun (U.P)India *Department. of Physics, Agra College Agra (U.P.)- 282002 India, Kumar Arvind , KUMAR KAMLESH ,   Departmen. of  Physics, Daryao Singh Rathore Mem. Degree College, Budaun (U.P)India *Department. of Physics, Agra College Agra (U.P.)- 282002 India
Published: February 2022

Neglecting the effect of overtaking disturbances, the motion of strong plane shock wave in highly viscous medium has been investigated by Chester-Chisnell- Whitham method. The analytical expressions for shock strength decreases as shock advances for low viscous region of a medium to the high viscous region. The dependence of mach number on propagation distance, Pressure and Particle velocity as well as on adiabatic index has also been analyzed for the cases. The results obtained here are also compared Yadav et al. (2008) for a freely propagating shock. The obtained expansions are computed and discussed through table.
Upconversion Luminescence Enhancement In Lanthanide Ions Doped Bismuth Tellurite Glasses
Authors:   Physics department, Madhyanchal professional university Bhopal(M.P.), Jayaswal Yogesh K. , Ansari Ghizal F. ,   Physics department, Madhyanchal professional university Bhopal(M.P.), Patidar S. K. ,   Physics department, Madhyanchal professional university Bhopal(M.P.), Jat Sunil ,   Physics department, Govt. College Umarban, Dist. Dhar (M.P.)
Published: February 2022

Lanthanide ions doped glasses are studied by researchers for upconversion luminescence. Rare earth doped bismuth tellurite glasses codoped with and without silver nanoparticle were synthesized by melt and quench procedure for the study of enhanced upconversion luminescence. Physical parameters as molar mass, molar volume, and density were evaluated. Amorphous nature of samples was verified by x-ray diffraction. DSC is carried for information of thermal properties. UV-Visible absorption and fluorescence spectra is obtained to get detail information of upconversion luminescence. Upconversion mechanism of rare earth erbium and ytterbium ions discussed. Three prominent upconversion luminescence is observed two in green region and one is in red.
Transformar la enseñanza de la Historia a través del Juego. Una reflexión teórico-práctica
Authors: Trejo Alarcón Jorge Alejandro
Published: February 2022

La importancia de utilizar estrategias innovadoras en la enseñanza de la Historia de México, ayuda en la motivación del estudiante, ya que se rompe con el estilo tradicional de aprender a través del resumen y subrayado, dando un resultado favorable para el desarrollo de la clase. El emplear distintas estrategias didácticas, fortalece la importancia que tiene la asignatura en su vida diaria, mejora los rendimientos cuantitativos y cualitativos del alumno y contribuye al gusto por ésta, logrando que el estudiante se interese y alcance los aprendizajes esperados. El presente trabajo tiene la intención de proporcionar estrategias apegadas a lo que la Reforma Integral de Educación Básica sugiere, mismas que puedan ser empleadas por el docente a la hora de desarrollar e implementar su clase. Estas estrategias están centradas principalmente en el juego. Que el alumno aprenda jugando.
In vitro investigations of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms in physiological fluids suggest that current antibiotic delivery systems may be limited
Authors:   Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, 382 West Street Road, Kennett Square, PA 19348, Philadelphia, USA, Isguven S , Fitzgerald K , Delaney LJ , Harwood M , Schaer TP , Hickok NJ
Published: February 2022

Orthopaedic surgical site infections, especially when a hardware is involved, are associated with biofilm formation. Clinical strategies for biofilm eradication still fall short. The present study used a novel animal model of long-bone fixation with vancomycin- or gentamicin-controlled release and measured the levels of antibiotic achieved at the site of release and in the surrounding tissue. Then, using fluids that contain serum proteins (synovial fluid or diluted serum), the levels of vancomycin or gentamicin required to substantially reduce colonising bacteria were measured in a model representative of either prophylaxis or established biofilms. In the in vivo model, while the levels immediately adjacent to the antibiotic release system were up to 50× the minimal inhibitory concentration in the first 24 h, they rapidly dropped. At peripheral sites, values never reached these levels. In the in vitro experiments, Staphylococcus aureus biofilms formed in serum or in synovial fluid showed a 5-10 fold increase in antibiotic tolerance. Importantly, concentrations required were much higher than those achieved in the local delivery systems. Finally, the study determined that the staged addition of vancomycin and gentamicin was not more efficacious than simultaneous vancomycin and gentamicin administration when using planktonic bacteria. On the other hand, for biofilms, the staged addition seemed more efficacious than adding the antibiotics simultaneously. Overall, data showed that the antibiotics’ concentrations near the implant in the animal model fall short of the concentrations required to eradicate biofilms formed in either synovial fluid or serum.
“THE NAKED PERSON” AND “THE UNBEARABLE WORLD”: VARIATIONS OF EXODUS (BASED ON EARLY PROSE BY A. I. SOLZHENITSYN)
Authors: Kovtun Natalia , KLIMOVICH Natalya
Published: February 2022

This paper analyses the motif of “the naked person” in Alexander Solzhenitsyn’s early work. Epic tales which belong to the so called “labour camp prose”, such as One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich (1959) and The Cancer Ward (1968), stand out in the context of this motif. Moreover, the “unbearable world” and the “naked person” have been structurally significant for the “labour camp prose” since Fyodor Dostoevsky and Anton Chekhov. All of them imply that these elements bring the reader closer to understanding the ontology of a person who is forbidden to wear a cross on his chest and thus seek protection from God and cultural myths. The paper examines historical developments of the “naked person” imagery in Russian literature from the seventeenth century to the Avant-garde and postmodernism by analysing relations between reality and the “unbearable world” (the space of labour camps) in which nakedness and misery are deemed to be charisma, gifts from God. The Cancer Ward is still one of Solzhenitsyn’s most widely read works in Europe and America. Unlike the peasants in the story, Kostoglotov, an intellectual, reflects on the value of freedom, prospects of choice and the nature of evil – something which Ivan Denisovich touches upon only vaguely. The author is interested in mechanisms of self-identity in horrendous living conditions. Solzhenitsyn’s The Cancer Ward is a variation of the classic “non-finito” narrative. The protagonist, who has endured hardship and overcome limits of the “unbearable world”, moves towards the house-ark as his life is just beginning. In fact, by employing terrible history, a labour camp and the hospital ward of the doomed, Solzhenitsyn’s text explores the driving forces behind a person’s self-identity, the most important of which are moral elevation, will, mercy and belief in life.
THE TRANSFORMATION OF THREE DOSTOEVSKY THEMES IN LYUDMILA ULITSKAYA’S OEUVRE
Authors:   University of Pécs, SZABÓ Tünde
Published: February 2022

The study examines the transformations of certain ideas of Dostoevsky in the works of L. Ulitskaya. Three themes – daydreaming, accidental family, and demonism – can be identified in Ulitskaya’s Sonechka, Sincerely Yours, Shurik and The Big Green Tent either directly or as mediated by certain authors or works of the Russian Silver Age. The transformation of these themes also constitutes the transmutation of a type of hero and the realisation of certain structural principles. The paper argues that, although Ulitskaya does not name Dostoevsky as her literary predecessor, she enters into a dialogue with Dostoevsky’s ideas and poetics.
External aid behavior in the recipient economy: A probit regression for Africa
Authors:   Economics Department Faculty of Social Sciences University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria, Adediyan Aderopo Raphael , Ehisuoria Oseremen ThankGod ,   Economics Department Faculty of Social Sciences University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
Published: February 2022

Aim/purpose – External aid allocation by the donors in recent years has been fraught with instability and volatility. This has a negative consequence on the recipient econo- mies particularly those that are highly aid-dependent. A good solution to the problem requires much understanding of factors influencing the behavior of external aid in the respective recipient economy. In this study, the focus was on analyzing two economic factors uncommonly discussed in the empirical literature – the influence of the degree of economic freedom and external debt burden on aid allocation, with emphasis on African economy. Design/methodology/approach – The study constructs a probit model for the analysis using a panel dataset consisting of 48 African countries from 2010 to 2019. Findings – The key findings of the study include a significant positive effect of economic freedom on aid and it implies that the probability of an additional external aid allocation to African countries increases with an increase in the degree of economic freedom. However, external debt burden, albeit positive, is not statistically significant to motivate more external aid allocations to Africa over the sample period. Research implications/limitations – Hence, the pattern of external aid inflows in Africa is a reflection of a change in the degree of economic freedom in the region. Originality/value/contribution – In contribution to filling the gap in the literature on external aid inflow in the recipient economies, the study traced external aid fluctuations in Africa to external debt burden and the extent of restriction imposed on economic freedom in African countries. Keywords: external aid, economic freedom, external debt burden, probit regression. JEL Classification: F34, F35, C01, E02.
Optimization of Thermo-Physical Properties For The Binary System Of Acetone–Water At 303.15-318.15 K By Response Surface Quadratic Model
Authors: Siva Reddy Golamari , Siddiqui Nadeem , Sai Teja Jannu , Gari Venkateswar Reddy Pamireddy , Tharun Kumar Rayapalli , Krishna Chaitanya Nelluri , Maheswara Reddy Mallu , Vineethanand Jamullamudi , Reddy N Konda , Nikhil Reddy Varakala , Divyansh Dhakate  , Ramana Avula Venkata
Published: February 2022

Thermo bodily residences of binary liquid combos are very beneficial in biotechnology, pharmaceutical, chemical and petroleum refining industries for improved favoured products from diverse raw materials. The physical property data on mixed solvents are important for the theoretical and applied areas of research and are frequently used in many chemical and industrial processes such as design of new process and process equipment (fluid flow, mass transfer or heat transfer calculation) and designing of bioreactor/fermenter. The objective of the current paper is to determine the density, viscosity, ultrasonic velocity, refractive index and surface tension of acetone (1) + water (2) at temperatures of 303.15K to 318.15K for the complete composition degrees and atmospheric pressure. These experimental values were used to calculate the respective excess homes in conjunction with a few acoustic properties. The experimental facts and excess residences have been used to calculate the interacting coefficients and well known deviations from different existing models. Also the new model equations have been evolved with the aid of the use of Design Expert application for density, viscosity, ultrasonic velocity, refractive indices and surface tension. Experimental consequences have been analysed on the premise of molecular interactions among element molecules with the assistance of FT-IR spectrum. Acetone-water binary structures of the prevailing observer have positive values of excess molar volumes and deviations in isentropic compressibility over whole composition range and at all temperatures which suggests sturdy interactions among the components of binary mixtures. Thermodynamic observations of acetone and water mixtures were made. Negative viscosity deviation of acetone-water combinations suggests robust dipole-dipole interactions within the device. Fourier remodel infrared spectroscopy also indicates the sturdy interaction made at 3589 cm-1 and based on the response surface method outcomes, more interplay takes area at zero. Five and zero six moles of acetone and water combination and the consequences are conformed with reference to the R2 cost (0.89). Excess molar extent and isentropic compressibility were decided and kinds of interactions have been discussed primarily based on the derived properties.
Effectiveness of Combined Kinetic Chain Exercises In the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis in Peri-Menopausal and Post-Menopausal Women in Guwahati, Assam, India
Authors: Koch Madhusmita , Chandra Sarma Pratap , Dutta Abhijit , Kalita Abhijit
Published: February 2022

: Osteoarthritis (OA) is an extremely prevalent Rheumatic Musculoskeletal disorder and the prevalence of knee OA in peri-menopausal and post-menopausal women is reported to be high in many parts of India. Though a growing body of evidence suggests the effectiveness of Combined Kinetic Chain Exercises (CCEs) in the management of knee OA but a precise protocol is yet to be established. The study was aimed to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of two different protocols of CCEs versus conventional CCEs in the management of knee osteoarthritis.151 peri-menopausal/ post menopausal women (40-65 years) with knee osteoarthritis were randomly allocated to either group A (Control group: conventional combined kinetic chain exercises), group B (retrowalking and conventional combined kinetic chain exercises) or group C (perturbation training and conventional combined kinetic chain exercises). Intervention was given for 3 days/week for 6 weeks. Outcome measures used were Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), Timed Up and Go test (TUG) and Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS). SPSS 21.0 version was used for all statistical analysis. Paired t-test was used for within group analysis and unpaired t-test was used for between group comparisons. Level of significance was considered as p<0.05.Statistically significant improvements were seen within all the three groups at the end of 6 weeks of treatment. Subjects in both the experimental groups (group B and group C) exhibited statistically significant improvements than group A (control group) in all outcome measures. Group B showed better improvements in all outcome measures when compared to group C; but the differences were not statistically significant. It can be concluded that Retrowalking combined with conventional CCEs and Perturbation exercises combined with conventional CCEs are equally effective in the treatment of knee OA; but significantly better than conventional CCEs alone.
Use Of Chemometrics For Development And Validation Of RP-HPLC Method For Simultaneous Determination Of Dimenhydrinate And Cinnarizine
Authors: Jayaseelan Subramanian , Kannappan Nagappan , Ganesan Vellichamy
Published: February 2022

A novel simple, sensitive, rapid and accurate isocratic RP-HPLC method was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of Dimenhydrinate and Cinnarizine applying statistical experimental design. Design of experiments (DoE) was applied for multivariate optimization of the experimental conditions of the RP-HPLC method. Three independent factors like; mobile phase composition, phosphate buffer strength and flow rate were employed to design mathematical models. Central composite design (CCD) was applied to study the response surface methodology. This study was used to find the deepness effects of these independent factors. Desirability function was used to simultaneously optimize the retention time and resolution of the analytes. Hence, our present study was aimed in finding the optimized and predicted data from the contour diagram. Mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and ammonium acetate buffer (pH 7.0, strength 0.3 mM) in the ratio of 55:45%v/v respectively, at a flow rate of 1.7 mL/min was used. The present study objectives were to apply these optimum conditions baseline partition of both drugs with good resolution. The run time of less than 12.0 min was accomplished. The optimized assay conditions were validated according to ICH guidelines. The correlation coefficient value was found to be r2 = 0.9990 and 0.9993 for Dimenhydrinate and Cinnarizine respectively. LOD and LOQ value was found to be least concentration for both drugs. It indicates the method was highly sensitive. The accuracy %RSD value was found to be less than 2%. Consequently the reports clearly showed that Quality by design approach could be triumphantly applied to optimize RP-HPLC method for simultaneous determination of Dimenhydrinate and Cinnarizine.
Formulation and Evaluation of Cilnidipine Solid Dispersions and Oral Controlled Release Tablets
Authors: Vydana Ramakrishna , Chandra Sekhar Kothapalli Bonnoth
Published: February 2022

Drug solubility plays an important role in the improvement of bioavailability. Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) Class-II drugs have less solubility and more permeability. Most of the drugs available in the market belong to BCS class-II. The objective of the present study is to improve the solubility of BCS Class-II drug, Cilnidipine by formulating them as solid dispersions and to make controlled release formulations. Solid dispersions of Cilnidipine were prepared by solvent evaporation technique using plasdone K29/32. Various physical parameters were evaluated for the prepared solid dispersions. The in vitro drug release studies were performed for the solid dispersions using phosphate buffer pH 6.8. The solid dispersions which showed maximum drug release were selected for the preparation of oral controlled release formulations. Tablets were prepared using Cilnidipine solid dispersions and varying concentrations of polyethylene oxide (PEO) WSR 303 by direct compression technique. Pre and post-compression parameters were evaluated along with in vitro drug release studies. In vitro dissolution studies revealed that solid dispersion CP3 containing Cilnidipine and plasdone K29/32 in 1:3 ratios showed faster drug release in a short time. The pre and post compression parameters of the solid dispersions and tablets were within specified limits. Formulation CPP5 containing CP3 solid dispersion with 25% w/w of PEO WSR 303 showed prolonged drug release up to 12h. Similar drug release was also obtained with CPP6 formulation having 30%w/w of PEO WSR 303. The present study prepared a novel Cilnidipine pharmaceutical product having increased solubility and prolonged drug release which is not available in the market. The solubility of Cilnidipine was enhanced using plasdone K-29/32 and the drug release was delayed using PEO WSR 303 as polymer. This could be advantageous to many of the patients with cardiovascular disorders
Ethno-Medical Informations from Coastal Odisha, a Review
Authors: Tapas Kumar Khuntia , Upendra Nath Nanda , Aswini Kumar Senapati
Published: February 2022

Traditional knowledge that is developed through the combined experience of many generations is still practiced in many tribal and rural societies. The aim of this review is to collect informations on the medico-religious plants used in the various ailments by the rural and Tribal population of Odisha with a focus on the pharmacological uses of some plants, in order to create room for future research. The novelty of our review is best understood from the fact that the religious basis of the plants of Odisha and their application has not yet been addressed and this is the first instance that such study is undertaken in a sequential manner. Worldwide accepted databases were searched for plants of Odisha, through electronic search, literature from Indian Classical texts and from different traditional books. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 50 informants (Age 50yrs, with male 80% & female 20%) at 20 locations around different coastal districts of Odisha to find folkloric use of plants and photographs captured during different rituals observed throughout Year. A total of 46 numbers of plants were found widely used in the coastal district of Odisha for different diseases. The details like scientific name, family, local name and its utilization with the method of preparation were provided. Six plants were found to have religious background and were utilized frequently. Detailed investigations on reviewed plants relating to phytochemistry, pharmacology could be the future research interest in the area of phytomedicine.
Preliminary Quantitative Phytochemical, Physicochemical And In-Vitro Antioxidant Activity Of Senna Alata Hydroalcoholic Leaf Extract
Authors: Rajendran Raja Priya  , N. Bhaduhsha  , Manivannan Veramuthu , Thanthoni Gunasekaran
Published: February 2022

Many oxidative stress related diseases are as a result of accumulation of free radicals in the body. Present studies are directed towards finding natural antioxidants of plants origins. The present study was carried out to determine the phytochemical constituents, its qualities and antioxidant activity of Senna alata hydroalcoholic leaf extract as per the standard pharmacopoeial protocol. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro antioxidant activities and to screen for phytochemical constituents of Senna alata. The free radical scavenging activity of hydroalcoholic extract against various assay in terms of IC50 value were DPPH (2, 2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay (715.26μg/ml), reducing power assay (715.26μg/ml), ABTS test (643.95μg/m) and Nitric oxide test (856.79μg / ml) was evaluated. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, anthroquinone, phenols, saponin, tannin and carbohydrates. Quantitative phytochemical analysis revealed the amount of Alkaloid content (49.2%), Flavonoid content (6.96%) and Phenolic content (69.72%) present. Also the Physicochemical examination analysis were also carried out in Senna alata powdered sample which showed the presence of Total Ash (10.25 ± 0.04), Acid Insoluble Ash (2.75 ± 0.03), Water Soluble Ash (1.98 ± 0.02), Alcohol Extract Value (6.32 ± 0.03), Water Extract Value (11.19 ± 0.02), Loss on Dry (6.14 ± 0.03) and Foreign Matter (0.38 ± 0.01). Our findings provide evidence that the crude hydroalcoholic extract of S.alata is a potential source of natural antioxidants, and this justified its uses in folkloric medicines.
Encuentros entre filosofía de la ciencia, filosofía de la tecnología y CTS
Authors: Moreno Juan-Carlos , Vinck Dominique
Published: February 2022

Las relaciones entre la filosofía de la ciencia, la filosofía de la tecnología y el campo de la ciencia, la tecnología y la sociedad han sido amplias y diversas a lo largo de cinco décadas, prevaleciendo los distanciamientos, las controversias y las disputas. Sin embargo, el análisis desde la filosofía hacia los estudios CTS muestra que, tras la influencia de las guerras de la ciencia, entre estos campos ha surgido un nuevo escenario de encuentros novedosos y constructivos, especialmente en algunas perspectivas filosóficas específicas sobre ciencia y tecnología, las cuales, lamentablemente, aún son poco conocidas. Algunas de ellas incluyen estudios de la experimentación, el giro práctico planteado en la filosofía de la ciencia, el desarrollo de la epistemología histórica, el giro empírico en la filosofía de la tecnología y el planteamiento de la relevancia moral de los artefactos. El análisis de los encuentros entre estas perspectivas filosóficas y el campo CTS puede servir para estimular e invitar al desarrollo de otros posibles encuentros, como los que se presentan en este dosier temático.
Tecnologías de la vida en clave del presente vital. Perspectivas y reflexiones
Authors: Jaramillo-Sánchez Claudia Janneth
Published: February 2022

El desarrollo del presente artículo tuvo como objetivo problematizar tres hallazgos adscritos a la triada ciencia-tecnología-sociedad, referenciando los saberes y las prácticas relacionadas con la biotecnología y la biología sintética, las cuales instan la optimización de lo vivo y la vida. Estos hallazgos visibilizan los modos de funcionamiento de la biología y la biotecnología como tecnologías de la vida, para lo cual se acudió a las nociones metodológicas de gobierno y contraconductas tomadas de la caja de herramientas de Foucault, dado que estas se focalizan en la búsqueda de soluciones que maximicen el rendimiento humano mediante la aceptación de prácticas relacionadas con la transformación de la vitalidad. Resultado de lo anterior, en el primer hallazgo se indagó por las aplicaciones de la biotecnología; en el segundo, se evidenció el posicionamiento de la biología sintética en el sector industrial; y en el tercero, referente al bioarte, se problematizaron las implicaciones sobre el gobierno de lo vivo y la vida desde una perspectiva económica. En este orden de ideas, el artículo exhorta a la reflexión sobre la biotecnología y la biología sintética como parte de nuestra cotidianidad, lo que amerita la inquietud sobre la aceptación de las prácticas instauradas frente al bienestar humano y del entorno, interpelar las verdades que nos constituyen y pronunciarnos a partir de elecciones personales que develen nuestro posicionamiento ético.
Contribuciones al dosier
Authors: Moreno Juan-Carlos , Vinck Dominique
Published: February 2022

Entre los estudios de ciencia, tecnología y sociedad, filosofía de la ciencia y filosofía de la tecnología abundan posibilidades de interacción, pero, lamentablemente, debido a los prejuicios y los distanciamientos sostenidos desde hace varias décadas, las relaciones entre estos campos siguen siendo muy limitadas. Frente ello, desde el año 2014, los editores formulamos la iniciativa de preparar un número temático para promover los encuentros entre estos campos, que finalmente se materializó en esta publicación. Con el objetivo de convocar la participación de un buen número de autores de diferentes continentes y países, propusimos como estrategia editorial elaborar y realizar en varios idiomas (francés, inglés y español) la publicación de manera conjunta y simultánea entre la revista francesa Revue d’Anthropologie des Connaissances y la revista colombiana Trilogía Ciencia Tecnología Sociedad, esto con el fin de lograr una mayor divulgación.
Racial Justice Curricula in Family Medicine Residency Programs: A CERA Survey of Program Directors
Authors: Wusu Maria Harsha , Baldwin Marielle , Semenya Afi M. , Moreno Gerardo , Wilson Stephen A.
Published: February 2022

Background and Objectives: Structural racism is a cause of health disparities. Graduate medical education is tasked with training physicians who understand and address disparities. Addressing health disparities includes education on racism, such as racial justice curricula (RJC). We surveyed program directors (PDs) about the prevalence and characteristics of RJC in family medicine residency programs (FMRPs).
Methods: RJC questions were included in the 2020 Council of Academic Family Medicine Educational Research (CERA) survey of FMRP PDs. We calculated univariate and bivariate statistics to describe respondent characteristics and attitudes, program characteristics, curriculum characteristics, and barriers to implementation.
Results: Of 624 PDs, 312 (50%) responded and 283/312 (90.7%) completed RJC questions. Less than one-third of FMRPs reported RJC, of which 98.9% focused on implicit/unconscious bias. Program characteristics associated with RJC included location, percent underrepresented minorities in medicine (URMM) residents and faculty, and percent patients identifying as Black, Latino/a, and Native American. FMRPs with RJC were more likely to have PDs who reported favorable attitudes toward including RJC and believed it is important for family physicians to understand structural racism. The greatest barrier to implementation of RJC was lack of faculty training.
Conclusions: In this national survey, most FMRPs reported no RJC. Most respondent PDs endorsed that it is important for family physicians to understand structural racism and that RJC should be included in residency. Lack of faculty training was the greatest barrier to implementation. Research is needed to evaluate existing RJC and explore strategies for overcoming barriers to implemention.
Emotion Regulation and Burnout in Family Medicine Residents
Authors: Haymaker Christopher M. , Bane Cynthia M. , Roise Adam , Greene Jeff
Published: February 2022

Background and Objectives: Although burnout in medicine—particularly medical education—represents an ongoing problem, relatively few studies have established longitudinal connections between burnout and risk factors. Establishment of specific causal links and risk factors will determine important curriculum changes to reduce the risk of burnout in medical learners. Our study aimed to explore links between emotion regulation skill (strategies individuals use to regulate emotional experiences and responses to stress) and vulnerability to burnout using a longitudinal design in one family medicine residency program.
Methods: Family medicine residents completed the Difficulties with Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) and the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) at the beginning of each year (July/August). The residency program collected data over the course of 5 years. All residents consented to participate. We used linear regression analyses to examine postgraduate year-1 DERS scores as a predictor of postgraduate year-2 burnout and postgraduate year-3 burnout.
Results: In this sample of residents, higher scores on the DERS at the first year of residency predicted personal and work-related burnout on the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) at the beginning of the second and third years.
Conclusions: Difficulties with emotion regulation predicted personal burnout in this small sample. This finding dovetails with cross-sectional data in the literature. Although further mechanisms contributing to burnout should be explored, this finding suggests that direct instruction in adaptive emotion regulation strategies delivered early in medical education could provide significant downstream benefits for family medicine residents.
Practice Profiles and Patterns of Ontario Family Medicine Residents 5 Years After Residency Examinations: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Pereira José , Hogg William , Graves Erin , Kljujic Dragan , Archibald Douglas , Oandasan Ivy , Glazier Richard H.
Published: February 2022

Background and Objectives: The primary goal of family medicine residency training is for graduates to provide high-quality, safe, and effective patient care for the population they serve when they enter practice. This study explores (a) the practice profiles, 5 years into practice, of residents who completed family medicine training in Ontario, Canada; and (b) relationships between performance on the College of Family Physicians of Canada’s (CFPC) Certification Examination in Family Medicine and quality of care provided 5 years into practice.
Methods: We performed a retrospective study with secondary data analysis. We merged CFPC examination data sets with the ICES (Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences) administrative database. We included physicians who passed the examination between the years 2000 and 2010 and practiced in Ontario after graduation. Practice profile indicators included practice type, continuity and comprehensiveness of care, patient rostering and panel size, and rurality index. We explored 11 indicators related to management of diabetes and cancer screening.
Results: We included a total of 1,983 physicians in the analyses. Five years after the examinations, 74.3% of the physicians were working in major urban centers, and 67.3% of the physicians were providing comprehensive primary care. We noted significant differences across the six medical schools in multiple practice profile indicators, and three indicators showed significant differences across the examination score quintiles.
Conclusions: Graduates of Ontario family medicine residency programs were providing care to a broad spectrum of the population 5 years after passing the examination, and they performed similarly across quality-of-care indicators regardless of examination scores.
A review of the flipping activity of IPO: Evidences from developed and emerging markets
Authors: Anwar Ayesha , Mohd-Rashid Rasidah , Che-Yahya Norliza
Published: February 2022

This paper reviews the literature on the flipping activity of initial public offerings (IPOs). To achieve the objective of this study, the papers indexed in the Scopus data repository and Google Scholar were employed. Based on the review, it was discovered that the extent of flipping varies significantly across countries. The emerging markets have a higher rate of IPO flipping than developed markets, which captures the high information asymmetry prevalence in the emerging markets. In addition, some significant variables were found to influence filliping activity. This includes underwriters, institutional investors, initial return, market conditions, lock-up provision, and issue size. Despite the identified variables that were found to influence flipping activity, there remain some variables that have not been considered. Some of these variables include institutional settings, listing regulations, political factors, and pre-IPO information in the prospectus that could give the research a promising field. The investigation of these variables will be assisting prospective investors in making informed decisions when investing in IPOs in order to maximise their profits
DFT study of Structural, Mechanical, Thermodynamical, Electronic and Thermoelectric properties of PdTiZ (Z = Ge and Pb) half Heusler compounds
Authors: KALITA DIPANGKAR , Limbu Nihal , Ram Mahesh , Saxena Atul
Published: February 2022

A first principle investigation of structural, mechanical,
thermodynamical, electronic and thermoelectric properties of PdTiZ (Z =
Ge and Pb) was carried out using plane wave pseudopotential (PP-PW)
method. The exchange-correlation was considered with the generalized
gradient approximation of Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE-GGA). The energy
band structure of the sample material exhibited semiconducting energy
band structure with indirect energy band gaps of 0.66 eV and 0.387 eV in
PdTiGe and PdTiPb respectively with density of states being mainly
dominated by the p state of Z and d states of Ti atom around the
vicinity of the Fermi energy level. The sample compounds were found to
be mechanically stable in their non-magnetic cubic phase. PdTiGe was
found to be harder and stiffer than PdTiPb. The positive phonon modes of
the compounds predicted their dynamical stabilities. Thermodynamic study
revealed that pressure has a negative effect on heat capacity whereas
Debye temperature increases with enhanced pressure in both the sample
compounds. The thermoelectric properties of the sample compounds
predicted that p-type nature of the sample compounds possess better
thermoelectric performance. The room temperature Seebeck coefficient
values are found to be 98.73 µV/K and 94.82 µV/K for PdTiGe and PdTiPb,
respectively, whereas they reflected the S values of 245.73 µV/K and
218.77 µV/K at 1200 K at n = 1021 cm-3. The lowest value of lattice
thermal conductivity (K_L) of 2.28 W/m-K and 0.98 W/m-K was observed
for PdTiGe and PdTiPb respectively. The optimum dimensionless figure of
merit of 0.66 (1200 K) and 0.64 (1000 K) were found for p-type PdTiGe
and PdTiPb, respectively at optimum carrier concentration.
Metadynamics Simulations on the Key Factors of Handedness Induction for the N/C-Terminal Substituted Quinoline Oligoamide Foldamers
Authors: zhou caihua , liu zhiwei , guo yannv
Published: February 2022

Metadynamics simulation has been used to describe the conformational
energy landscapes of several helical quinoline oligoamides bearing
β-pinene-derived pyridine at either the C or N terminus. Based on the
experimental results, helix-sense preference for four types of foldamers
with the chiral terminal group has been verified. To compare to the key
factors of inducing handedness to helical-sense preference, a terminal
group with three hydrogen bond sites is designed and corresponding
foldamers are built. The calculated results show the delocalization
effect and steric hindrance mainly responsible for a particular
helix-sense preference for the investigated foldamers. The more hydrogen
bonds between the terminal group and oligoamide units are formed, the
more stable foldamers are.
Utility of Multidetector Computed Tomographic Angiography as an Alternative to Transesophageal Echocardiogram for Preoperative Transcatheter Mitral Valve Repair Planning
Authors: Basman Craig , Ong Caroline , Kassam Zain , Wutawunashe Caleb , Conroy Jennifer , Trost Biana , Mehla Priti , Pirelli Luigi , S Jacob Scheinerman , P Varinder Singh , A Chad Kliger
Published: February 2022

Background: Transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) is the
gold-standard for diagnosis of degenerative mitral regurgitation (MR)
and is used for guidance of transcatheter mitral valve repair (TMVr).
However, TEE is an invasive diagnostic modality that requires anesthesia
and esophageal intubation. Multi-detector computed tomographic
angiography (MDCT) provides high resolution images and three dimensional
(3D) reconstructions that allow for comprehensive assessment of complex
mitral anatomy. We hypothesized that MDCT can yield similar information
to 3D TEE relevant to TMVr, deferring the need for a preoperative TEE.
Methods: Patients that underwent TMVr (or were evaluated for
transcatheter mitral valve replacement) for degenerative MR were
retrospectively analyzed from 2017 to 2019 at a single center. Patients
were included in the analysis if preoperative MDCT was performed. Two
experienced TEE and two MDCT readers, blinded to patient outcome and
alternative imaging modality, analyzed the following characteristics:
leaflet pathology (flail, degenerative, mixed), leaflet location
(A1-3/P1-3), mitral valve area (MVA), flail width/gap,
anterior-posterior (AP) and commissural diameters, posterior leaflet
length, leaflet thickness, presence of mitral valve cleft and degree of
mitral annular calcification (MAC). Results: Of the 87
patients, 22 had preoperative MDCT. MDCT was able to correctly identify
the leaflet pathology in 77% (17/22). Eleven patients had a flail
leaflet with 91% (10/11) identified on MDCT and MDCT correctly
predicted the dysfunctional leaflet location in 95% (21/22).
Measurements were not significantly different for MVA, flail width,
commissural diameter, AP diameter, posterior leaflet length and leaflet
thickness. However, measurements on MDCT were significantly
overestimated for flail gap compared to TEE. Degree of MAC was similar
in 91% (10/11) between imaging modalities. Conclusion: MDCT
provides similar measurements to 3D TEE for preoperative TMVr planning.
Further studies are required to establish novel imaging algorithms
utilizing MDCT to reduce the need for preoperative TEE.
Prolonged Glycemic Adaptation Following Transition From a Low- to High-Carbohydrate Diet: A Randomized Controlled Feeding Trial
Authors: Jansen Lisa T. , Yang Nianlan , Wong Julia M.W. , Mehta Tapan , Allison David B. , Ludwig David S. , Ebbeling Cara B.
Published: February 2022

OBJECTIVE

Consuming ≥150 g/day carbohydrate is recommended for 3 days before an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) for diabetes diagnosis. For evaluation of this recommendation, time courses of glycemic changes following transition from a very-low-carbohydrate (VLC) to high-carbohydrate diet were assessed with continuous glucose monitoring (CGM).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

After achieving a weight loss target of 15% (±3%) on the run-in VLC diet, participants (18–50 years old, BMI ≥27 kg/m2) were randomly assigned for 10 weeks to one of three isoenergetic diets: VLC (5% carbohydrate and 77% fat); high carbohydrate, high starch (HC-Starch) (57% carbohydrate and 25% fat, including 20% refined grains); and high carbohydrate, high sugar (HC-Sugar) (57% carbohydrate and 25% fat, including 20% sugar). CGM was done throughout the trial (n = 64) and OGTT at start and end (n = 41). All food was prepared in a metabolic kitchen and consumed under observation.

RESULTS

Glucose metrics continued to decline after week 1 in the HC-Starch and HC-Sugar groups (P < 0.05) but not VLC. During weeks 2–5, fasting and 2-h glucose (millimoles per liter per week) decreased in HC-Starch (fasting −0.10, P = 0.001; 2 h −0.10, P = 0.04). During weeks 6–9, 2-h glucose decreased in HC-Starch (−0.07, P = 0.01) and fasting and 2-h glucose decreased in HC-Sugar (fasting −0.09, P = 0.001; 2 h −0.09, P = 0.003). The number of participants with abnormal glucose tolerance by OGTT remained 10 (of 16) in VLC at start and end but decreased from 17 to 9 (of 25) in both high-carbohydrate groups.

CONCLUSIONS

Physiological adaptation from a low- to high-carbohydrate diet may require many weeks, with implications for the accuracy of diabetes tests, interpretation of macronutrient trials, and risks of periodic planned deviations from a VLC diet.
The effect of patient and prosthesis factors on revision rates after total knee replacement using a multi-registry meta-analytic approach
Authors: Lewis Peter L , W-Dahl Annette , Robertsson Otto , Lorimer Michelle , Prentice Heather A , Graves Stephen E , Paxton Elizabeth W
Published: February 2022

Background and purpose: Characteristics of patients receiving total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and prostheses used vary between regions and change with time. How these practice variations influence revision remains unclear. We combined registry data for better understanding of the impact of variation, which could potentially improve revision rates.
Patients and methods:  We used data from 2003 to 2019 for primary TKA from arthroplasty registries of Sweden (SKAR), Australia (AOANJRR), and Kaiser Permanente (KPJRR). We included 1,072,924 TKA procedures for osteoarthritis. Factors studied included age, sex, ASA class, BMI category, prosthesis constraint, fixation, bearing mobility, patellar resurfacing, and polyethylene type. Cumulativepercentage revision (CPR) was calculated using Kaplan–Meier estimates, and unadjusted Cox hazard ratios were used for comparisons. Random-effects generic inverse-variance meta-analytic methods were used to determine summary effects.
Results: We found similarities in age and sex, but between-registry differences occurred in the other 7 factors studied. Patients from Sweden had lower BMI and ASA scores compared with other registries. Use of cement fixation was similar in the SKAR and KPJRR, but there were marked differences in patellar resurfacing and posterior stabilized component use. Meta-analysis results regarding survivorship favored patients aged ≥ 65 years and minimally stabilized components. There were inconsistent results with time for sex, fixation, and bearing mobility, and no differences for the patellar resurfacing or polyethylene type comparisons.
Interpretation: Marked practice variation was found. Use of minimally stabilized and possibly also cemented and fixed bearing prostheses is supported.
Activity of Kalanchoe integra against Selected Pathogenic Bacteria
Authors: FN Niyonzima
Published: February 2022

Kalanchoe integra is a plant that belongs to the Crassulaceae family. In English, the international common name is never die. There are 1500 species of perennial herbs or low shrubs in the genus. Antibiotic resistance is currently at an alarmingly high level. Phytocompounds of Kalanchoe sp . were reported as antimicrobial agents. In Rwanda, no study about antimicrobial activity of K. integra extracts against bacteria-causing diseases was conducted. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the antimicrobial effectiveness of K. integra phytochemicals against clinically selected pathogenic bacteria ( Shigella sonnei, Haemophilus influenza, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae ). Maceration technique was used to prepare the leaf and stem extracts using methanol, water and petroleum ether. Phytochemical screening tests revealed that flavonoids, phenolics, and saponins were present in the leaves and stem extracts by using methanol and water. However, tannins were only present in the leaves. No phytochemicals observed by the using petroleum ether. The antimicrobial activity of clinically selected pathogenic bacteria ( S. aureus, Haemophilus influenza, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Shigella sonnei, S. typhi, and E. coli ) was tested using the agar well diffusion procedure. In order to analyse the data, SPSS was used. The means of inhibition zones of leaf and stem extracts were studied using a two-way ANOVA and both of them showed statistical significant with p-values of 0.03 and 0.04, respectively. Antibacteria activity results showed that S. typhi was more sensitive than other tested bacteria. The largest zone of inhibition (20.5 mm) was observed with methanol leaf extract against S. typhi , and the smallest inhibition was observed with H. influenza (12.5 mm). Leaf and stem extracts using methanol solvent showed activity on all bacteria used in the study except on S. sonnei . Leaf and stem water extracts significantly inhibit the growth of E. coli with inhibition zone of 14.5 mm and 11.5 mm, respectively, while petroleum ether had no effect on any bacterium. Thus, the present medicinal plant could serve as antibiotics as it showed an important activity against studied bacteria. The study has to continue with other plant parts and other bacteria-causing diseases to make the process cost-effective.