bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detailed characterizations of the new Mines Douai comparative reactivity method instrument via laboratory experiments and modeling
Authors: Michoud V. , Hansen R. F. , Locoge N. , Stevens P. S. , Dusanter S.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. The hydroxyl (OH) radical is an important oxidant in the troposphere, which controls the lifetime of most air quality- and climate-related trace gases. However, there are still uncertainties concerning its atmospheric budget, and integrated measurements of OH sinks have been valuable to improve this aspect. Among the analytical tools used for measuring total OH reactivity in ambient air, the comparative reactivity method (CRM) is spreading rapidly in the atmospheric community. However, measurement artifacts have been highlighted for this technique, and additional work is needed to fully characterize them. In this study, we present the new Mines Douai CRM instrument, with an emphasis on the corrections that need to be applied to ambient measurements of total OH reactivity. Measurement artifacts identified in the literature have been investigated, including (1) a correction for a change in relative humidity between the measurement steps leading to different OH levels, (2) the formation of spurious OH in the sampling reactor when hydroperoxy radicals (HO2) react with nitrogen monoxide (NO), (3) not operating the CRM under pseudo-first-order kinetics, and (4) the dilution of ambient air inside the reactor. The dependences of these artifacts on various measurable parameters, such as the pyrrole-to-OH ratio and the bimolecular reaction rate constants of ambient trace gases with OH, have also been studied. Based on these observations, parameterizations are proposed to correct ambient OH reactivity measurements. On average, corrections of 5.2 ± 3.2, 9.2 ± 15.7, and 8.5 ± 5.8 s−1 were respectively observed for (1), (2) and (3) during a field campaign performed in Dunkirk, France (summer 2014). Numerical simulations have been performed using a box model to check whether experimental observations mentioned above are consistent with our understanding of the chemistry occurring in the CRM reactor. Two different chemical mechanisms have been shown to reproduce the magnitude of corrections (2) and (3). In addition, these simulations reproduce their dependences on the pyrrole-to-OH ratio and on bimolecular reaction rate constants of gases reacting with OH. The good agreement found between laboratory experiments and model simulations gives us confidence in the proposed parameterizations. However, it is worth noting that the numerical values given in this study are suitable for the Mines Douai instrument and may not be appropriate for other CRM instruments. It is recommended that each group characterize its own instrument following the recommendations given in this study. An assessment of performances for the Mines Douai instrument, including a propagation of errors from the different corrections, indicates a limit of detection of 3.0 s−1 and total uncertainties of 17–25 % for OH reactivity values higher than 15 s−1 and NOx mixing ratios lower than 30 ppbv.
Real-time analysis of δ13C- and δD-CH4 in ambient air with laser spectroscopy: method development and first intercomparison results
Authors: Eyer S. , Tuzson B. , Popa M. E. , van der Veen C. , Röckmann T. , Rothe M. , Brand W. A. , Fisher R. , Lowry D. , Nisbet E. G. , Brennwald M. S. , Harris E. , Zellweger C. , Emmenegger L. , Fischer H. , Mohn J.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. In situ and simultaneous measurement of the three most abundant isotopologues of methane using mid-infrared laser absorption spectroscopy is demonstrated. A field-deployable, autonomous platform is realized by coupling a compact quantum cascade laser absorption spectrometer (QCLAS) to a preconcentration unit, called TRace gas EXtractor (TREX). This unit enhances CH4 mole fractions by a factor of up to 500 above ambient levels and quantitatively separates interfering trace gases such as N2O and CO2. The analytical precision of the QCLAS isotope measurement on the preconcentrated (750 ppm, parts-per-million, μmole/mole) methane is 0.1 and 0.5 ‰ for δ13C- and δD-CH4 at 10 min averaging time. Based on replicate measurements of compressed air during a two-week intercomparison campaign, the repeatability of the TREX-QCLAS was determined to be 0.19 and 1.9 ‰ for δ13C and δD-CH4, respectively. In this intercomparison campaign the new in situ technique is compared to isotope-ratio mass-spectrometry (IRMS) based on glass flask and bag sampling and real time CH4 isotope analysis by two commercially available laser spectrometers. Both laser-based analyzers were limited to methane mole fraction and δ13C-CH4 analysis, and only one of them, a cavity ring down spectrometer, was capable to deliver meaningful data for the isotopic composition. After correcting for scale offsets, the average difference between TREX–QCLAS data and bag/flask sampling–IRMS values are within the extended WMO compatibility goals of 0.2 and 5 ‰ for δ13C- and δD-CH4, respectively. Thus, the intercomparison also reveals the need for reference air samples with accurately determined isotopic composition of CH4 to further improve the interlaboratory compatibility.
Mobile sensor network noise reduction and re-calibration using Bayesian network
Authors: Xiang Y. , Tang Y. , Zhu W.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. People are becoming increasingly interested in mobile air quality sensor network applications. By eliminating the inaccuracies caused by spatial and temporal heterogeneity of pollutant distributions, this method shows great potentials in atmosphere researches. However, such system usually suffers from the problem of sensor noises and drift. For the sensing systems to operate stably and reliably in the real-world applications, those problems must be addressed. In this work, we exploit the correlation of different types of sensors caused by cross sensitivity to help identify and correct the outlier readings. By employing a Bayesian network based system, we are able to recover the erroneous readings and re-calibrate the drifted sensors simultaneously. Specifically, we have (1) designed a Bayesian belief network based system to detect and recover the abnormal readings; (2) developed methods to update the sensor calibration functions in-field without requirement of ground truth; and (3) deployed a real-world mobile sensor network using the custom-built M-Pods to verify our assumptions and technique. Compared with the existing Bayesian belief network technique, the experiment results on the real-world data demonstrate that our system can reduce error by 34.1 % and recover 4 times more data on average.
Environmental forcing does not induce diel or synoptic variation in the carbon isotope content of forest soil respiration
Authors: Bowling D. R. , Egan J. E. , Hall S. J. , Risk D. A.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. Recent studies have examined temporal fluctuations in the amount and carbon isotope content (δ13C) of CO2 produced by the respiration of roots and soil organisms. These changes have been correlated with diel cycles of environmental forcing (e.g., sunlight and soil temperature) and with synoptic-scale atmospheric motion (e.g., rain events and pressure-induced ventilation). We used an extensive suite of measurements to examine soil respiration over 2 months in a subalpine forest in Colorado, USA (the Niwot Ridge AmeriFlux forest). Observations included automated measurements of CO2 and δ13C of CO2 in the soil efflux, the soil gas profile, and forest air. There was strong diel variability in soil efflux but no diel change in the δ13C of the soil efflux (δR) or the CO2 produced by biological activity in the soil (δJ). Following rain, soil efflux increased significantly, but δR and δJ did not change. Temporal variation in the δ13C of the soil efflux was unrelated to measured environmental variables, and we failed to find an explanation for this unexpected result. Measurements of the δ13C of the soil efflux with chambers agreed closely with independent observations of the isotopic composition of soil CO2 production derived from soil gas well measurements. Deeper in the soil profile and at the soil surface, results confirmed established theory regarding diffusive soil gas transport and isotopic fractionation. Deviation from best-fit diffusion model results at the shallower depths illuminated a pump-induced ventilation artifact that should be anticipated and avoided in future studies. There was no evidence of natural pressure-induced ventilation of the deep soil. However, higher variability in δ13C of the soil efflux relative to δ13C of production derived from soil profile measurements was likely caused by transient pressure-induced transport with small horizontal length scales.
Temperature changes derived from phenological and natural evidences in South Central China from 1850 to 2008
Authors: Zheng J. , Hua Z. , Liu Y. , Hao Z.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. The annual temperature anomalies in South Central China from 1850 to 2008 were reconstructed by synthesizing three types of proxies: the spring phenodate of plants recorded in historical personal diaries and observations; the snowfall days extracted from historical archives and observed at meteorological stations; and five tree-ring width chronologies. The instrumental observation data and the leave-one-out method were used for calibration and validation. The results show that the temperature series in South Central China exhibits inter-annual and decadal fluctuations since 1850 (e.g., quasi-15 years and quasi-35 years fluctuations). The first three cold decades were the 1860s, 1890s and 1950s, while 1893 was the coldest year. Except that the three warm decades occurred around the 1850s, 1870s and 1960s, recent warm decades from the 1990s to the 2000s represent unprecedented warming since 1850.
Praxis ist mehr als Praktiken – Warum moderne Ärzte und spirituelle Heiler im Prinzip das Gleiche tun
Authors: Geiselhart K.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. The pragmatist concept of praxis involves more than conventionalised practices. It also regards performative dynamics which derive from the fact that practices actually never are enacted in an exemplary manner. Each and every execution of a practice always bears the chance of success but also the risk of failure. Furthermore, the execution of a practice can be fractured in many ways. As situations are always unique, a variety of different dynamics can evolve, each of which might lead to further events which in turn might even result in an alteration of the convention of the practice. Due to such performative dynamics, individuals might experience diverse qualities of emotions, insights, and practical skills that are not inherent to the practices. Those individuals who are engaged in practices thus develop not only an understanding of conventionalised practices (unversalities) but also personal attitudes towards and opinions about these practices (singularities). The example of medical practices in Botswana can function as a role model to illustrate this notion of praxis. A juxtaposition of modern and traditional medicine shows that analysing the way how such fields of practice are epistemologically founded helps us to understand why they are incommensurable.
Evaluation of soil moisture downscaling using a simple thermal based proxy – the REMEDHUS network (Spain) example
Authors: Peng J. , Niesel J. , Loew A.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. Soil moisture retrieved from satellite microwave remote sensing normally has spatial resolution in the order of tens of kilometers, which are too coarse for many regional hydrological applications such as agriculture monitoring and drought predication. Therefore, various downscaling methods have been proposed to enhance the spatial resolution of satellite soil moisture products. The aim of this study is to investigate the validity and robustness of the simple Vegetation Temperature Condition Index (VTCI) downscaling scheme over a dense soil moisture observational network (REMEDHUS) in Spain. Firstly, the optimized VTCI was determined through sensitivity analyses of VTCI to surface temperature, vegetation index, cloud, topography and land cover heterogeneity, using data from MODIS and MSG SEVIRI. Then the downscaling scheme was applied to improve the spatial resolution of the European Space Agency's Water Cycle Multi-mission Observation Strategy and Climate Change Initiative (ESA CCI) soil moisture, which is a merged product based on both active and passive microwave observations. The results from direct validation against soil moisture observations, spatial pattern comparison, as well as seasonal and land use analyses show that the downscaling method can significantly improve the spatial details of CCI soil moisture while maintain the accuracy of CCI soil moisture. The accuracy level is comparable to other downscaling methods that were also validated against REMEDHUS network. Furthermore, slightly better performance of MSG SEVIRI over MODIS was observed, which suggests the high potential of applying geostationary satellite for downscaling soil moisture in the future. Overall, considering the simplicity, limited data requirements and comparable accuracy level to other complex methods, the VTCI downscaling method can facilitate relevant hydrological applications that require high spatial and temporal resolution soil moisture.
Recent climatic, cryospheric, and hydrological changes over the interior of western Canada: a synthesis and review
Authors: DeBeer C. M. , Wheater H. S. , Carey S. K. , Chun K. P.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. It is well-established that the Earth's climate system has warmed significantly over the past several decades, and in association there have been widespread changes in various other Earth system components. This has been especially prevalent in the cold regions of the northern mid to high-latitudes. Examples of these changes can be found within the western and northern interior of Canada, a region that exemplifies the scientific and societal issues faced in many other similar parts of the world, and where impacts have global-scale consequences. This region has been the geographic focus of a large amount of previous research on changing climatic, cryospheric, and hydrological Earth system components in recent decades, while current initiatives such as the Changing Cold Regions Network (CCRN) seek to further develop the understanding and diagnosis of this change and hence improve predictive capacity. This paper provides an integrated review of the observed changes in these Earth system components and a concise and up-to-date regional picture of some of the temporal trends over the interior of western Canada since the mid or late-20th century. The focus is on air temperature, precipitation, seasonal snow cover, mountain glaciers, permafrost, freshwater ice cover, and river discharge. Important long-term observational networks and datasets are described, and qualitative linkages among the changing components are highlighted. Systematic warming and significant changes to precipitation, snow and ice regimes are unambiguous. However, integrated effects on streamflow are complex. It is argued that further diagnosis is required before predictions of future change can be made with confidence.
Investigating the influence of Al-doping and background humidity on NO2 sensing characteristics of magnetron-sputtered SnO2 sensors
Authors: Haidry A. A. , Kind N. , Saruhan B.
Published: August 2015

Abstract. Elevated temperatures and humidity contents affect response, lifetime and stability of metal-oxide gas sensors. Remarkable efforts are being made to improve the sensing characteristics of metal-oxide-based sensors operating under such conditions. Having versatile semiconducting properties, SnO2 is prominently used for gas sensing applications. The aim of the present work is to demonstrate the capability of the Al-doped SnO2 layer as NO2 selective gas sensor working at high temperatures under the presence of humidity. Undoped SnO2 and Al-doped SnO2 (3 at. % Al) layers were prepared by the radio frequency (r.f.) reactive magnetron sputtering technique, having an average thickness of 2.5 μm. The sensor response of Al-doped SnO2 samples was reduced in the presence of background synthetic air. Moreover, under dry argon conditions, Al doping contributes to obtain a stable signal and to lower cross-sensitivity to CO in the gas mixtures of CO + NO2 at temperatures of 500 and 600 °C. The Al-doped SnO2 sensors exhibit excellent chemical stability and sensitivity towards NO2 gas at the temperature range of 400–600 °C under a humid environment. The sensors also showed satisfactory response (τres = 1.73 min) and recovery (τrec = 2.7 min) towards 50 ppm NO2 in the presence of 10 % RH at 600 °C.
COMPATIBILITY STUDY OF LOW-TEMPERATURE–CAPABLE FLUOROELASTOMERS IN JET FUELS
Authors: Pazur Richard J. , Cormier J. G.
Published: August 2015

A series of four peroxide-cured fluoroelastomer (FKM) samples, varying in fluorine level and low-temperature resistance, were assessed in jet fuels JP-8 and JP-8+100 at 125 °C from 1 to 5 weeks. The key factors were fluorine level, FKM chemical structure, and the jet fuel +100 additive package. FKM stiffened upon aging with a corresponding loss in both tensile and elongation at break properties. Volume swell increased with immersion time, whereas any changes in chemical cross-linking density by equilibrium swelling were minor. The +100 additive package had a mild effect in causing property deterioration through stiffening and volume swell increases. Loss of fluorine from attack at the vinylidene fluoride group by basic additives is likely taking place. Lower fluorine containing FKM with flexible side chains was less affected by the additive package and provided the lowest glass-transition temperature (Tg; approaching −30 °C). The volume swells (<15%) are within the realm of an acceptable material to be in contact with jet fuels.
Whose Freedom? Whose Information?: Discourses on Freedom of Information Policies
Authors: Avle Seyram , Adunbi Omolade
Published: August 2015

Information policymaking in the contemporary global environment is complex and can be a difficult process. The difficulty lies, partly, in the divergent priorities of the state and civil society organizations (CSOs) and their transnational allies that often push specific laws in the global south. This article uses an analysis of the discourse around Freedom of Information (FOI) policies in Ghana and Nigeria to show how such divergent priorities emerge and their impact on the policymaking process. Specifically, it shows the limitations of key assumptions underlying advocacy for FOI and how the hegemony of the state is ultimately preserved.
Editorial Vol.23
Authors: Flores José Humberto
Published: August 2015

TEORÍA Y PRAXIS No. 23, Junio-Diciembre 2013; 1-2
La preservación de un idioma: ¿a partir de una política o una planificación lingüística?
Authors: Ascencio Milton
Published: August 2015

En este artículo se presenta una revisión bibliográfica relacionada con la diversidad lingüística. Después de presentar argumentos que rechazan y defienden la preservación de lenguas amenazadas, se exponen los casos del hebreo y del irlandés como ejemplos del éxito y fracaso de políticas lingüísticas. Al final se plantea la planificación lingüística, como alternativa a la política lingüística, para que los hablantes aseguren la continuidad de su idioma.TEORÍA Y PRAXIS No. 23, Junio-Diciembre 2013; 23-40
Ignacio Ellacuría: la dimensión práxica de las posibilidades
Authors: Fúnez Rubén
Published: August 2015

En este artículo queremos exponer la noción de posibilidades en la filosofía de Ellacuría y describir como la situación histórica a la que tuvo que responder, fue la que lo capacitó para aprehender tanto su dimensión ética, como su dimensión practica.TEORÍA Y PRAXIS No. 23, Junio-Diciembre 2013; 71-90
Lo público y lo privado
Authors: Armando González Luis
Published: August 2015

TEORÍA Y PRAXIS No. 23, Junio-Diciembre 2013; 91-93
Editorial Año 12, No.24
Authors: Flores José Humberto
Published: August 2015

TEORÍA Y PRAXIS No. 24, Enero-Mayo 2014; 1-2
La idea de una filosofía cristiana en Ignacio Ellacuría
Authors: Samour Héctor
Published: August 2015

El objetivo primario de este artículo es conocer la filosofía temprana de Ignacio Ellacuría, con el fin de identificar las raíces de su filosofía madura, así como los temas e intereses filosóficos que le llevaron a asumir la filosofía de Zubiri como base de su reflexión filosófica más original.TEORÍA Y PRAXIS No. 24, Enero-Mayo 2014; 3-62
La moralidad kantiana y la ética de liberación de Enrique Dussel
Authors: Montano Rudy
Published: August 2015

El artículo pretende desarrollar la crítica que Dussel realiza a la moralidad kantiana. La moralidad kantiana se fundamenta en el deber. La moralidad dusseliana se fundamenta en la vida humana del sujeto ético que vive en comunidad, con rostro concreto: la víctima, el pobre y el excluido.TEORÍA Y PRAXIS No. 24, Enero-Mayo 2014; 63-80
Por un racionalismo escéptico (o un escepticismo racional)
Authors: Armando González Luis
Published: August 2015

El autor demuestra que no siempre racionalismo y escepticismo son opuestos. Plantea la necesidad de que estén juntos para corregirse en sus posibles excesos: el racionalismo absoluto que cree conocerlo todo de forma definitiva y el irracionalismo nihilista que lo niega todo, incluso la realidad. Propone a la razón crítica como guía, no sólo para obtener verdades provisionales acerca de la realidad, sino también para exorcizar las pretensiones de imponer a otros los propios valores y forma de ver la propia vida.TEORÍA Y PRAXIS No. 24, Enero-Mayo 2014; 81-87
Balance de 2013 y perspectivas para 2014
Authors: Armando González Luis
Published: August 2015

TEORÍA Y PRAXIS No. 24, Enero-Mayo 2014; 103-107
La falacia de la ignorancia feliz
Authors: González Ruth
Published: August 2015

TEORÍA Y PRAXIS No. 24, Enero-Mayo 2014; 109-112
Editorial Año 12, No.25
Authors: Flores José Humberto
Published: August 2015

TEORÍA Y PRAXIS No. 25, Junio-Diciembre 2014; 1-2
El logos sentiente, la aprehensión primordial de realidad y la impresión de realidad en la filosofía de Xavier Zubiri
Authors: Badía Serra Eduardo Buenaventura
Published: August 2015

El autor expone la hipótesis de que en la filosofía de Xavier Zubiri, la Aprehensión Primordial de Realidad y la Impresión de Realidad, que son las bases fundamentales de su Teoría de la Inteligencia, no son lo mismo y que por lo tanto hay que distinguirlas, para tener una comprensión adecuada de la filosofía de la inteligencia de este pensador.TEORÍA Y PRAXIS No. 25, Junio-Diciembre 2014; 3-35
La cultura en nuestros tiempos
Authors: Flores José Humberto
Published: August 2015

El autor hace una revisión del concepto de cultura utilizando como categorías de análisis la modernidad, la postmodernidad y la globalización. Además, expone las características de la cultura en nuestros tiempos. Finalmente expone algunas líneas de reflexión para enfocar y ejecutar políticas públicas culturales.TEORÍA Y PRAXIS No. 25, Junio-Diciembre 2014; 37-50
El Salvador en la década de los años 70: Las oportunidades perdidas
Authors: Grenni Héctor
Published: August 2015

En este escrito se presentan los procesos políticos y las contradicciones del sistema en El Salvador en la segunda mitad de la década de los años 70. A partir de los fraudes electorales de 1972 y 1977, la agudización de las contradicciones del sistema provocó una intensa efervescencia campesina y urbana que la incapacidad de los gobernantes transformó en la búsqueda de alternativas radicales. En este contexto, la celosa defensa de sus privilegios por parte de oligarquía nacional y la presencia de Estados Unidos condicionaron fuertemente el contexto del fin de la década. De ese modo, el país se acercó irremediablemente hacia la confrontación civil de los años 1980 a 1992.TEORÍA Y PRAXIS No. 25, Junio-Diciembre 2014; 67-91
Povera per i poveri. La missione della Chiesa
Authors: Chopin Juan
Published: August 2015

TEORÍA Y PRAXIS No. 25, Junio-Diciembre 2014; 97-99
Indígenas e Natureza: a reciprocidade entre os Kaingang e a natureza nas Terras Indígenas Por Fi Gâ, Jamã Tÿ Tãnh e Foxá
Authors: Lappe Emelí , Laroque Luís Fernando Da Silva
Published: August 2015

Do ponto de vista demográfico, os Kaingang representam, atualmente, a maior população indígena do Brasil meridional, somando aproximadamente 30 mil indivíduos. O estudo visa analisar aspectos dos indígenas Kaingang e suas relações com a natureza nas Terras Indígenas Por Fi Gâ, em São Leopoldo, Jamã Tÿ Tãnh, em Estrela, e Foxá, em Lajeado, localizadas em áreas urbanas no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Como fundamentação, utiliza-se de autores que estudam o povo Kaingang, a cultura e a perspectiva indígena, considerando sua relação com a natureza, já que o próprio etnônimo Kaingang significa povo do mato. A natureza está presente na coletividade Kaingang, cujos aspectos como a nominação das crianças e rituais, caso da festa do Kikikói, foram destacados. Os Kaingang estão conectados com a natureza, dependem dela para manter o jeito de ser e a continuidade das tradições que são repassadas de geração para geração. Para eles, a terra é compreendida como a mãe de tudo que existe na natureza, tanto o universo humano como o não humano; portanto, mantêm relações de reciprocidade com ela inclusive em áreas urbanas.
Contornos do sujeito cognoscente: uma perspectiva ambiental
Authors: Fadul David Malheiro , De Souza-Lima José Edmilson
Published: August 2015

Neste artigo busca-se explorar os limites das correntes concepções acerca do sujeito cognoscente, especificamente no que se refere a pesquisas ambientais. Sua proposta é explorar o conceito de sujeito cognoscente sempre tendo em vista as necessidades concretas da pesquisa ambiental. Nesse sentido, todas as colocações e elaborações do presente estudo devem ser entendidas como inspirações, e não como modelos pré-formados. Por fim, expõe-se a possibilidade do campo de conhecimento ser derivado dos sujeitos cognoscentes que o compõem.
Estrutura produtiva do Brasil, Rússia, Índia e China (BRIC) e seus impactos nas emissões de dióxido de carbono (CO2)
Authors: Souza Adriano Martins de , Zapparoli Irene Domenes , Sesso Filho Umberto Antonio , Brene Paulo Rogério Alves
Published: August 2015

Estudos recentes indicam que o conjunto dos países emergentes formado por Brasil, Rússia, Índia e China (BRIC) poderá se tornar, dentro de algumas décadas, a principal força na economia global. Porém, com o crescente poder econômico vem aumentando também o impacto negativo desses países sobre o meio ambiente, sobretudo referente às emissões de dióxido de carbono (CO2) na atmosfera. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho é identificar quais são os principais setores causadores de poluição nos países do BRIC, no ano de 2009, relacionando a estrutura produtiva desses países com suas respectivas emissões de CO2. Para tanto, utilizou-se como metodologia a matriz insumo-produto, a partir da base de dados extraída da World Input-Output Database (WIOD). Os resultados mostraram que, no caso do Brasil, as atividades que envolvem os setores de transporte apresentaram a maior participação nas emissões. No caso dos outros três países analisados, China, Índia e Rússia, o setor de eletricidade, gás e água foi classificado como o mais poluente, pois apresentou a maior participação nas emissões no período analisado. Embora tenham grande potencial de crescimento, os países do BRIC possuem, em contrapartida, ampla capacidade de gerar poluição.
Delineamento da produção científica sobre desastres no Brasil no início deste século
Authors: Rodrigues Angela Cassia , Günther Wanda Maria Risso , Vasconcellos Maria da Penha , Di Giulio Gabriela Marques , Boscov Maria Eugenia Gimenez
Published: August 2015

Este artigo busca contribuir para a compreensão de como vem se delineando a produção científica brasileira sobre desastres no início do século XXI, a partir de levantamento de três tipos de publicações: i) teses e dissertações; ii) artigos em periódicos brasileiros indexados na base SciELO; e iii) artigos em periódicos indexados na base de dados Web of Science que tenha um ou mais pesquisadores brasileiros como autores. Os resultados indicam as principais áreas do conhecimento que têm se dedicado à realização de pesquisas sobre o tema, a produção acadêmica em formato de teses e dissertações e as publicações em periódicos nacionais e internacionais com autores e/ou coautores brasileiros. Evidencia alguns aspectos envolvidos no crescimento da produção científica brasileira sobre desastres a partir de 2008, abordando os principais temas das investigações e possíveis tendências nesse campo.
A pesca e o manejo do berbigão (Anomalocardia brasiliana) (Bivalvia: Veneridae) na Reserva Extrativista Marinha do Pirajubaé, SC, Brasil
Authors: Pezzuto Paulo Ricardo , Souza Daniel Silva e
Published: August 2015

A Reserva Extrativista Marinha do Pirajubaé (RESEX) situa-se na zona urbana de Florianópolis, capital do estado de Santa Catarina – Brasil, e tem no bivalve conhecido como berbigão (Anomalocardia brasiliana) o seu principal recurso pesqueiro. Por meio de 100 acompanhamentos diários da atividade extrativista realizados em 2005, este trabalho descreve a estrutura e a dinâmica da pesca do berbigão, apresentando o histórico de seu manejo. A captura foi realizada com a draga de mão, conhecida como “gancho”, por 22 homens e quatro mulheres, predominantemente no período matutino e sob lâminas d’água entre 20 e 50 cm. Em média, cada extrativista varreu 469,2 m2 e capturou 270,5 kg de berbigões vivos por dia de pesca, totalizando 888,6 t produzidas na RESEX em 2005. Mais de 97% dos indivíduos capturados superaram o tamanho mínimo legalmente estabelecido (20 mm de comprimento). Entretanto reduções expressivas nos comprimentos e na abundância do recurso ocorreram ao longo do tempo. A maior parte da captura foi comercializada com poucos compradores e na forma cozida e “desconchada”. As medidas de manejo atuais incluem limitações no número de extrativistas e no número de dias e horários de pesca/semana, distância mínima entre as barras de ferro do gancho, tamanho mínimo de captura, rotação espaço-temporal das áreas de pesca e o informe estatístico da produção. Apesar do grande volume de conhecimento científico e tradicional acumulado na área, e das medidas de manejo em vigor, construídas participativamente, a sustentabilidade da explotação do berbigão e da RESEX como um todo é constantemente ameaçada por fortes pressões de ordem administrativa, social, econômica, ambiental e burocrática. Neutralizar essas ameaças representa um dos principais desafios a serem enfrentados nessa importante unidade de conservação federal do Sul do Brasil.
A comunicação ambiental e suas potencialidades no enfrentamento dos dilemas socioambientais
Authors: De Lima Myrian Del Vecchio , Júnior Pedro Da Silva , Loose Eloísa Belling , Mei Danielle Scheffelmeier , Schneider Thaís Cristina , Duarte Valéria Sousa
Published: August 2015

O artigo apresenta reflexões sobre a noção de comunicação ambiental, a fim de contribuir na construção do conceito que define esta área considerada especializada e de interface. Defende-se que tal área, situada no imbricamento entre os campos da comunicação e do meio ambiente, caracteriza-se por englobar fundamentos e perspectivas de ambos, ressaltando seu caráter interdisciplinar. Inicialmente são apresentadas as bases epistemológicas dos dois campos, com o objetivo de enfatizar as articulações práticas e teóricas que ocorrem entre eles. Faz-se, então, uma revisão de literatura acerca do termo “comunicação ambiental”, considerando autores nacionais e internacionais, e argumenta-se que esta não se resume a tratar de temáticas características da área ambiental. Por fim, busca-se refletir sobre as possibilidades da comunicação ambiental para auxiliar nas ações de enfrentamento dos problemas socioambientais contemporâneos.
NECESSIDADE DE CRIMINALIZAR A HOMOFOBIA NO BRASIL: PORVIR DEMOCRÁTICO E INCLUSÃO DAS MINORIAS
Authors: Silva Diogo Bacha e , Melo Franco Bahia Alexandre Gustavo
Published: August 2015

O presente artigo pretende abordar a temática da criminalização da homofobia, especialmente por meio da reflexão em torno da Ação Direta de Inconstitucionalidade por Omissão número 26 e do Mandado de Injunção número 4733, ajuizados perante o Supremo Tribunal Federal e que pretendem instar essa Corte a declarar a condição omissiva em que se encontra o Estado brasileiro em relação às minorias – lésbicas, gays, bissexuais, travestis, transexuais e transgêneros (LGBT) – no que tange à criminalização de condutas discriminatórias que atentam contra seus direitos de liberdade e de igualdade. Para tanto, buscamos demonstrar que o projeto constitucional não é e nem deve ser visto como um projeto fechado a novos sujeitos e novos direitos – o processo de aprendizagem constitucional e a consolidação democrática devem buscar a incorporação de novos sujeitos que, em algum momento, sofrem discriminações.
O SISTEMA DE JUSTIÇA PENAL ENTRE A INVISIBILIDADE PÚBLICA E O RECONHECIMENTO NA MODERNIDADE PERIFÉRICA
Authors: Boldt Raphael , Adeodato João Maurício
Published: August 2015

Diante das aparentes contradições do discurso punitivo da modernidade, fundador do processo penal e das tensões entre emancipação e regulação que caracterizam o Direito e o Judiciário modernos, espaços públicos supostamente destinados ao reconhecimento dos indivíduos, pretende-se discutir se o sistema de justiça criminal e, em especial, o processo penal, podem assegurar aos indivíduos as condições necessárias à afirmação da visibilidade e do reconhecimento. A partir do método dialético, defende-se a tese de que o processo penal da modernidade e, em especial, o sistema de justiça penal brasileiro, são incompatíveis com o reconhecimento intersubjetivo em razão de um obstáculo epistemológico, que serve ao mesmo tempo de mecanismo eficiente de consolidação da invisibilidade pública e de humilhação social.
THE FORCE OF LAW, DE FREDERICK SCHAUER
Authors: Pugliese William Soares , Fortes Luiz Henrique Krassuski
Published: August 2015

Resenha Crítica da obra The Force of Law, de Frederick Schauer.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Moreira Egon Bockmann , Tomio Fabricio Ricardo de Limas , Lobo Judá Leão , Zuba Márcio Eduardo
Published: August 2015

Editorial.
EXPEDIENTE
Authors: Moreira Egon Bockmann , Tomio Fabricio Ricardo de Limas , Lobo Judá Leão , Zuba Márcio Eduardo
Published: August 2015

EXPEDIENTE
Estudos de Competitividade Turística – Comparativo do Modelo de Dwyer e Kim e do Estudo de Competitividade dos 65 Destinos Indutores do Brasil
Authors: Domareski-Ruiz Thays Cristina , Akel Gisah Moreira , Gonçalves Gândara José Manoel
Published: August 2015

No presente artigo se teve como objetivo principal analisar as dimensões do Modelo de Competitividade de Dwyer e Kim (2003), e comparar com o proposto no Estudo de Competitividade dos 65 Destinos Indutores do Instituto Brasileiro de Turismo (FGV; MTUR; SEBRAE, 2014), e dessa forma, apresentar um panorama sobre quais dimensões estavam sendo avaliadas nos modelos. Foram abordados aspectos relativos à qualidade, marketing e sustentabilidade. Para este estudo foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Como principais resultados, verificou-se que o modelo de Dwyer e Kim se apresentou mais complexo e com análises mais específicas referentes à competitividade, porém ambos se remeteram às temáticas de qualidade, marketing e sustentabilidade.
Micro e pequenas empresas no turismo: aspectos teórico-conceituais
Authors: Da Silva Kleber De Oliveira , Dos Anjos Sara Joana Gadotti
Published: August 2015

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo principal analisar a produção científica sobre micro e pequenas empresas (MPE) no turismo no contexto brasileiro e internacional entre 1990 a 2014. Para a identificação dos artigos, foram consultadas duas bases de dados (ScienceDirect e EBSCO) e duas editoras (SAGE e Emerald), que indexam e publicam os principais periódicos de turismo na língua inglesa no mundo. No caso dos periódicos Brasileiros, utilizou-se como referência o website “Publicações de Turismo”, que indexa as principais revistas científicas brasileiras de turismo. O levantamento resultou em 196 artigos consultados (21 brasileiros e 175 internacionais). Para cada artigo foram utilizados parâmetros de análise quantitativos e qualitativos: a evolução das pesquisas na área; as principais temáticas pesquisadas; definições de MPE adotadas; empresas objetos de estudo e localidades estudadas. Os resultados apontaram a necessidade do desenvolvimento de uma base teórica mais densa sobre o tema, além de uma análise de MPE no turismo de um modo mais analítico, ressaltando as características da realidade local, na qual essas empresas estão inseridas. Também é apresentado um panorama das principais contribuições dos estudos sobre micro e pequenas empresas no Brasil e no exterior.
Hotéis e Operadoras de Viagens e Turismo: percepções distintas para um mesmo serviço
Authors: Lopes Anderson Soares , Mola Jeferson Luís
Published: August 2015

Seriam idênticas as percepções dos gestores de hotéis e operadoras de turismo, no que diz respeito ao serviço prestado aos turistas de negócios? A partir de estudo em que se procurava entender como as demandas dos hóspedes organizacionais eram atendidas pelos meios de hospedagem e pelos intermediários desse processo, no presente estudo se avalia as dicotomias entre a opinião daqueles que Buhalis (2000) dá a entender como os dois principais stakeholders na prestação de serviços de turismo. Como método, na investigação se adota a pesquisa qualitativa e se usa como instrumento de coleta um questionário baseado na escala de diferenciação semântica (ou de Osgood), que foi aplicado a dois gestores de hotéis e à representante de uma operadora de viagens da cidade de São Paulo. No seu desenvolvimento, se compara e se discute a evolução do setor de turismo e hospitalidade no Brasil, contando para isso tanto com publicações nacionais quanto material internacional. Na análise dos dados se leva à consideração de que as percepções dos gestores de hotéis e operadoras são muito particulares – por vezes, díspares –, quando se pensa em prestação de serviços. Entende-se que a prestação de serviços de qualidade seja uma forma saudável de competição, porém mesmo que a visão desses stakeholders seja semelhante em alguns aspectos, os resultados da pesquisa indicaram que o aumento de receita que a prestação de serviços poderia proporcionar a um meio de hospedagem transforma a satisfação do cliente de objetivo principal do prestador a uma forma relevante de gerar e/ou aproveitar boas oportunidades de negócio.
Editorial
Authors: Bahl Miguel
Published: August 2015

Editorial da Revista Turismo e Sociedade (Eletrônica). Curitiba, volume 8, número 1, Janeiro-Abril de 2015.
A QUALIDADE NO ATENDIMENTO: O futuro das agências de turismo
Authors: Silveira Elton José da
Published: August 2015

Neste artigo se aborda o panorama atual do mercado das agências de turismo no Brasil, traçando uma análise entre empresas virtuais de vendas de turismo e as agências de turismo físicas, quais suas perspectivas e preocupações necessárias, tendo em vista o cliente como grande fomentador desse mercado. Sendo assim, o artigo foca no atendimento ao cliente nas agências de turismo, suas particularidades e diferenciais. Quais critérios devem ser atendidos e verificados pelas agências para que possam atender às novas necessidades de um mercado cada vez mais exigente e competitivo? O cliente passa a ter a opção de escolha entre comprar diretamente os serviços de turismo ou fazê-lo através de uma agência de viagens, quais os perfis e critérios que definem a compra das pessoas? É o que no artigo se procura analisar.
Traversing the Gap between Religion and Animal Rights: Framing and Networks as a Conceptual Bridge
Authors: Austin Rachel L. , Flynn Clifton P.
Published: August 2015

Historically, Judeo-Christian doctrine has been used to justify the mistreatment of nonhuman animals through the “dominion” view of human superiority. Linzey and others have questioned this perspective, suggesting that critical tenets of religion, and particularly Christianity, support the ethical treatment of other animals by defining dominion as stewardship. This article considers how framing and networks help explain the complex relationship between religion and support for animal rights. We offer ways in which social networks and framing might inform the beliefs and behaviors of religious individuals who support animal rights as well as the strategies of the animal rights movement intended to appeal to such individuals.
Leaf blade and petiole nutritional evolution and variability throughout the crop season for Vitis vinifera L. cv. Graciano
Authors: Dominguez Natalia , García-Escudero Enrique , Romero Izaskun , Benito Ana , Martín Ignacio
Published: August 2015

An adequate nutritional state of a crop can be kept by means of a well-designed fertilization plan based on the assessment of the nutrient availability throughout the growing season. The objective of this study was to determine the reliability of leaf blade and petiole diagnosis and the period of validity of their references at both flowering and veraison by means of systematic monitoring throughout the complete growing season. The study was carried out in two plots planted with Vitis vinifera L. cv. Graciano within the AOC Rioja (Spain). Blades and petioles were collected throughout a growing season (2006) and total N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu and B concentrations were analyzed in both tissues. Results suggest, in general, that petioles have higher variability and lower analysis reproducibility than blades. Therefore, blade could be a more appropriate tissue to evaluate N, P, K, Ca, and Mg at both flowering and veraison in this variety. Micronutrients in blade and petiole showed different variability behaviour in each of the vineyards studied, therefore, based on our results, it was difficult to determine which one could be the best tissue for the nutritional diagnosis of the ‘Graciano’ variety. Seasonal changes of nutrient concentration in both tissues also confirmed the need for reference values for each tissue and each phenological stage.
Ensiled citrus pulp as a by-product feedstuff for finishing pigs: nutritional value and effects on intestinal microflora and carcass quality
Authors: Moset Verónica , Piquer Olga , Cervera Concepción , Fernández Carlos J. , Hernández Pilar , Cerisuelo Alba
Published: August 2015

Forty pigs of 76.8 ± 4.2 kg body weight were fed four different diets varying in ensiled citrus pulp (ECP) inclusion level (0, 50, 100, and 150 g of ECP/kg of diet on dry matter base). The trial lasted 5 weeks. During the last week, faecal samples were obtained to calculate apparent nutrient digestibility; also volatile fatty acids (VFA) content in faeces was determined. The digestible energy and protein of ECP was estimated by regression analysis. During the trial faecal samples were collected to determine enterobacteria and lactobacilli counts. At slaughter, carcass characteristics were registered. The inclusion of ECP in the diets decreased energy digestibility but increased neutral and acid detergent fibre digestibility linearly (p<0.05). The estimated digestible energy and protein of ECP were lower than expected (7.0 MJ/kg dry matter (DM) and 33.8 g/kg DM, respectively). Total VFA production in faeces was not affected by the diet. Both enterobacteria and lactobacilli counts were lower (p<0.01) with than without ECP inclusion at the end of the study. Carcass yield decreased linearly (p<0.05) and backfat at gluteus medius increased quadratically (p<0.05) with the inclusion of ECP in the diet. The polyunsaturated fatty acid content of the internal subcutaneous fat layer decreased quadratically (p<0.05) with the inclusion of ECP. Thus, the nutritive value of ECP for finishing pigs is low and levels of 150g/kg can negatively affect carcass yield. However, including up to 100 g of ECP/kg in finishing pig diets did not affect nutrient digestibility, carcass yield and subcutaneous fat FA profile. Additionally, increasing ECP levels in diets decreases faecal enterobacteria and lactobacilli counts in faeces.
Segmentation of foreground apple targets by fusing visual attention mechanism and growth rules of seed points
Authors: Qu Weifeng , Shang Wenjing , Shao Yanhua , Wang Dandan , Yu Xiuli , Song Huaibo
Published: August 2015

Accurate segmentation of apple targets is one of the most important problems to be solved in the vision system of apple picking robots. This work aimed to solve the difficulties that background targets often bring to foreground targets segmentation, by fusing the visual attention mechanism and the growth rule of seed points. Background targets could be eliminated by extracting the ROI (region of interest) of apple targets; the ROI was roughly segmented on the HSV color space, and then each of the pixels was used as a seed growing point. The growth rule of the seed points was adopted to obtain the whole area of apple targets from seed growing points. The proposed method was tested with 20 images captured in a natural scene, including 54 foreground apple targets and approximately 84 background apple targets. Experimental results showed that the proposed method can remove background targets and focus on foreground targets, while the k-means algorithm and the chromatic aberration algorithm cannot. Additionally, its average segmentation error rate was 13.23%, which is 2.71% higher than that of the k-means algorithm and 2.95% lower than that of the chromatic aberration algorithm. In conclusion, the proposed method contributes to the vision system of apple-picking robots to locate foreground apple targets quickly and accurately under a natural scene
Evaluation of feeds from tropical origin for in vitro methane production potential and rumen fermentation in vitro
Authors: Pal Kaushik , Patra Amlan K. , Sahoo Artabandhu
Published: August 2015

Enteric methane arising due to fermentation of feeds in the rumen contributes substantially to the greenhouse gas emissions. Thus, like evaluation of chemical composition and nutritive values of feeds, methane production potential of each feed should be determined. This experiment was conducted to evaluate several feeds for methane production potential and rumen fermentation using in vitro gas production technique so that low methane producing feeds could be utilized to feed ruminants. Protein- and energy-rich concentrates (n=11), cereal and grass forages (n=11), and different straws and shrubs (n=12), which are commonly fed to ruminants in India, were collected from a number of locations. Gas production kinetics, methane production, degradability and rumen fermentation greatly varied (p<0.01) among feeds depending upon the chemical composition. Methane production (mL/g of degraded organic matter) was lower (p<0.01) for concentrate than forages, and straws and shrubs. Among shrubs and straws, methane production was lower (p<0.01) for shrubs than straws. Methane production was correlated (p<0.05) with concentrations of crude protein (CP), ether extract and non-fibrous carbohydrate (NFC) negatively, and with neutral detergent (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) positively. Potential gas production was negatively correlated (p=0.04) with ADF, but positively (p<0.01) with NFC content. Rate of gas production and ammonia concentration were influenced by CP content positively (p<0.05), but by NDF and ADF negatively (p<0.05). Total volatile fatty acid concentration and organic matter degradability were correlated (p<0.05) positively with CP and NFC content, but negatively with NDF and ADF content. The results suggest that incorporation of concentrates and shrubs replacing straws and forages in the diets of ruminants may decrease methane production.