bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Professor ZHU Zunquan - 1919-2012
Authors: Baskevitch N
Published: November 2015

“I do hope that in another twenty years, 2028, CORESTA would meet in China again and I certainly would be here in welcoming you”, said 89-year-old Professor ZHU Zunquan, at the 2008 CORESTA Congress, where he received an enthusiastic ovation for his sincere wish. It was very sad to hear the information that he died on July 16, his magnetic voice is still lively in my mind.

I have met Professor ZHU so many times since my first visit to the Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute in 1984. Having worked in CORESTA and as a consultant in China for many years, I knew that he had been actively pushing the China tobacco industry to play roles in international tobacco research organisations. In 1988, the CORESTA Congress was held in Guangzhou due to his unremitting efforts, this was the first CORESTA Congress ever held in China. He made an invited report and became a member of the Scientific Commission from 1988 to 1990. In 2008, he received the award of the CORESTA Prize at the age of 89, acknowledging his life-long work in tobacco science. During the congress, he made an impressive report “Leaf Tobacco Production in China: Past, Present, and Perspective”.

Over the years he has been truly my teacher about tobacco in China and not only tobacco. Without his inspiration, I would never have enjoyed the successes that China has brought me in my professional career. Professor ZHU was well known as the expert in tobacco agronomy and cigarette manufacturing technology. He devoted himself to the research work on reducing the harmful components and tar level of cigarettes. He put forward the concept “reducing tar level and hazard” in the early 1980s and switched it to “reducing hazard and tar level” in 2003, which guided and is still guiding the direction of Chinese style cigarette development. Also, he was the one, who developed the first Chinese low-tar blended cigarette. We shared the ideas about low-tar cigarette development. “Professor ZHU Zunquan's death was a big loss for Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, a big loss for China tobacco industry, and a big loss for China engineering of science and technology”, said XIE Jianping, ZHU's student and the vice president of Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC.

Besides that, he has in fact helped me quite a lot in understanding Chinese culture and humour. I still remember, in May 1984, when we met for the first time, he told me the most important sentence that I had to remember in Chinese language: He showed me the wall and said: what is it? I said it's a “wall”, then he showed me his eye and said: what is it? I said it's an “eye”, then he showed me his knee and said: what is it? I said it's a “knee”. Good he said, now please repeat the 3 words together, and I said: Wo Ai Ni! Indeed this was the most important sentence in Chinese language, meaning “I love you”.

I will remember professor ZHU for the rest of my life.
Biomex Quad Helix
Authors: Bapat Shirish M. , Bhardwaj Preeti , Singh Atul , Parasher Nitesh , Goel Amit
Published: November 2015

Introduction: Anterior deep bite with narrow maxillary arch is a most common clinical situation orthodontists have to deal with in Class I as well as Class II malocclusions.Objective: To present a modification of the quad helix appliance which incorporates acrylic anterior bite plane for simultaneous bite opening with maxillary expansion (Biomex Quad helix). Appliance design: The appliance is made of 0.036 inch stainless steel wire. The anterior bridge of the quad helix is modified by extending it anteriorly. The wire is soldered to the stainless steel bands on the maxillary first permanent molars. Acrylic anterior bite plane is added to this anterior extension keeping the anterior helices exposed. It combines advantages of a quad helix with that of anterior bite plane. Hence it can be useful for simultaneous bite opening with maxillary expansion, deprogramming, and relieving TMJ symptoms by unlocking the occlusion.Conclusion: Biomex Quad Helix is a versatile appliance which is simple in design, easy to fabricate, comfortable for the patient, and economical for the operator and the patient.
Dural arteriovenous fistula-induced thalamic dementia: report of 4 cases
Authors: Holekamp Terrence F. , Mollman Matthew E. , Murphy Rory K. J. , Kolar Grant R. , Kramer Neha M. , Derdeyn Colin P. , Moran Christopher J. , Perrin Richard J. , Rich Keith M. , Lanzino Giuseppe , Zipfel Gregory J.
Published: November 2015

Nonhemorrhagic neurological deficits are underrecognized symptoms of intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs) having cortical venous drainage. These symptoms are the consequence of cortical venous hypertension and portend a clinical course with increased risk of neurological morbidity and mortality. One rarely documented and easily misinterpreted type of nonhemorrhagic neurological deficit is progressive dementia, which can result from venous hypertension in the cortex or in bilateral thalami. The latter, which is due to dAVF drainage into the deep venous system, is the less common of these 2 dementia syndromes. Herein, the authors report 4 cases of dAVF with venous drainage into the vein of Galen causing bithalamic edema and rapidly progressive dementia. Two patients were treated successfully with endovascular embolization, and the other 2 patients were treated successfully with endovascular embolization followed by surgery. The radiographic abnormalities and presenting symptoms rapidly resolved after dAVF obliteration in all 4 cases. Detailed descriptions of these 4 cases are presented along with a critical review of 15 previously reported cases. In our analysis of these 19 published cases, the following were emphasized: 1) the clinical and radiographic differences between dAVF-induced thalamic versus cortical dementia syndromes; 2) the differential diagnosis and necessary radiographic workup for patients presenting with a rapidly progressive thalamic dementia syndrome; 3) the frequency at which delays in diagnosis occurred and potentially dangerous and avoidable diagnostic procedures were used; and 4) the rapidity and completeness of symptom resolution following dAVF treatment.
CYP2C19 and CES1 polymorphisms and efficacy of clopidogrel and aspirin dual antiplatelet therapy in patients with symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic disease
Authors: Hoh Brian L. , Gong Yan , McDonough Caitrin W. , Waters Michael F. , Royster Adrienne J. , Sheehan Tiffany O. , Burkley Ben , Langaee Taimour Y. , Mocco J , Zuckerman Scott L. , Mummareddy Nishit , Stephens Marcus L. , Ingram Christie , Shaffer Christian M. , Denny Joshua C. , Brilliant Murray H. , Kitchner Terrie E. , Linneman James G. , Roden Dan M. , Johnson Julie A.
Published: November 2015

OBJECT

Symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) has a high risk of recurrent stroke. Genetic polymorphisms in CYP2C19 and CES1 are associated with adverse outcomes in cardiovascular patients, but have not been studied in ICAD. The authors studied CYP2C19 and CES1 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in symptomatic ICAD patients.

METHODS

Genotype testing for CYP2C19*2, *3, *8, *17 and CES1 G143E was performed on 188 adult symptomatic ICAD patients from 3 medical centers who were medically managed with clopidogrel and aspirin. Testing was performed prospectively at 1 center, and retrospectively from a DNA sample biorepository at 2 centers. Multiple logistic regression and Cox regression analysis were performed to assess the association of these SNPs with the primary endpoint, which was a composite of transient ischemic attack (TIA), stroke, myocardial infarction, or death within 12 months.

RESULTS

The primary endpoint occurred in 14.9% of the 188 cases. In multiple logistic regression analysis, the presence of the CYP2C19 loss of function (LOF) alleles *2, *3, and *8 in the medically managed patients was associated with lower odds of primary endpoint compared with wild-type homozygotes (odds ratio [OR] 0.13, 95% CI 0.03–0.62, p = 0.0101). Cox regression analysis demonstrated the CYP2C19 LOF carriers had a lower risk for the primary endpoint, with hazard ratio (HR) of 0.27 (95% CI 0.08–0.95), p = 0.041. A sensitivity analysis of a secondary composite endpoint of TIA, stroke, or death demonstrated a significant trend in multiple logistic regression analysis of CYP2C19 variants, with lower odds of secondary endpoint in patients carrying at least 1 LOF allele (*2, *3, *8) than in wild-type homozygotes (OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.06–1.16, p = 0.078). Cox regression analysis demonstrated that the carriers of CYP2C19 LOF alleles had a lower risk forthe secondary composite endpoint (HR 0.22, 95% CI 0.05–1.04, p = 0.056).

CONCLUSIONS

This is the first study examining genetic variants and their effects in symptomatic ICAD. Variant alleles of CYP2C19 (*2, *3, *8) were associated with lower odds of the primary and secondary composite endpoints. However, the direction of the association was opposite of what is expected based on this SNP. This may reflect an incomplete understanding of this genetic variation and its effect in symptomatic ICAD and warrants further investigations.
Successful treatment of primary intracranial sarcoma with the ICE chemotherapy regimen and focal radiation in children
Authors: Lafay-Cousin Lucie , Lindzon Gillian , Taylor Michael D. , Hader Walter , Hawkins Cynthia , Nordal Robert , Laperriere Normand , Laughlin Suzanne , Bouffet Eric , Bartels Ute
Published: November 2015

OBJECT

Primary CNS sarcomas are very rare pediatric tumors with no defined standard of care.

METHODS

This study was a retrospective review of children diagnosed with a primary CNS sarcoma and treated at 2 Canadian tertiary care centers between 1995 and 2012. This report focuses on patients with cerebral hemispheric tumor location due to their specific clinical presentation.

RESULTS

Fourteen patients with nonmetastatic primary CNS sarcoma were identified; in 9 patients, tumors were located in the cerebral hemisphere and 7 of these patients presented with intratumoral hemorrhage. One infant who died of progressive disease postoperatively before receiving any adjuvant therapy was not included in this study. The final cohort therefore included 8 patients (4 males). Median patient age at diagnosis was 11.8 years (range 5.8–17 years). All tumors were located in the right hemisphere. Duration of symptoms prior to diagnosis was very short with a median of 2 days (range 3–7 days), except for 1 patient. Three (37.5%) patients had an underlying diagnosis of neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1). Gross-total resection was achieved in 5 patients. The dose of focal radiation therapy (RT) ranged between 54 Gy and 60 Gy. Concomitant etoposide was administered during RT. ICE (ifosfamide, carboplatin, etoposide) chemotherapy was administered prior to and after RT for a total of 6–8 cycles. Seven of the 8 patients were alive at a median time of 4.9 years (range 1.9–17.9 years) after treatment.

CONCLUSIONS

In this retrospective series, patients with primary CNS sarcomas located in the cerebral hemisphere most commonly presented with symptomatic acute intratumoral hemorrhage. Patients with NF1 were overrepresented. The combination of adjuvant ICE chemotherapy and focal RT provided encouraging outcomes.
Vertebral hemangioma coincident with metastasis of colon adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zapałowicz Krzysztof , Bierzyńska-Macyszyn Grażyna , Stasiów Bartłomiej , Krzan Aleksandra , Wierzycka Beata , Kopycka Anna
Published: November 2015

The authors report on colon cancer metastasis to the L-3 vertebra, which had been previously found to be involved by an asymptomatic hemangioma. A 61-year-old female patient was admitted after onset of lumbar axial pain and weakness of the right quadriceps muscle. Her medical history included colon cancer that had been diagnosed 3 years earlier and was treated via a right hemicolectomy followed by chemotherapy. Presurgical imaging revealed an asymptomatic hemangioma in the L-3 vertebral body. Computed tomography and MRI of the spine were performed after admission and revealed a hemangioma in the L-3 vertebral body as well as a soft-tissue mass protruding from the L-3 vertebral body to the spinal canal. Treatment consisted of vertebroplasty of the hemangioma, left L-3 hemilaminectomy, and removal of the pathological mass from the spinal canal and the L-3 vertebral body. Histopathological examination revealed the presence of colon cancer metastasis and a hemangioma in the same vertebra.
Long-term follow-up for lumbar intrathecal baclofen catheters placed using the paraspinal subfascial technique
Authors: Thakur Saumitra K. , Rubin Benjamin A. , Harter David H.
Published: November 2015

OBJECT

Intrathecal baclofen (ITB) is a valuable therapeutic option for patients with spasticity and dystonia. The techniques that place an ITB pump catheter into the subcutaneous fat of a lumbar incision are well described. Because patients who require ITB often have low body fat content, they may be predisposed to catheter-related complications. The senior author used a novel technique to place the catheter in a paraspinal subfascial fashion, and the short-term results were previously published. That study demonstrated no development of hardware erosions, catheter migrations, or CSF leaks within an average follow-up of 5 months. This study followed up on those initial findings by looking at the long-term outcomes since this technique was introduced.

METHODS

Using the institutional review board-approved protocol, the electronic medical records were reviewed retrospectively for all patients who underwent paraspinal subfascial catheter placement by the senior author. Patients received follow-up with the surgeon at 2 weeks postoperatively and were followed routinely by their physiatrist thereafter.

RESULTS

Of the 43 patients identified as having undergone surgery by the senior author using the paraspinal subfascial technique between July 2010 and February 2014, 12 patients (27.9%) required reoperation. There were 5 patients (11.6%) who had complications related to the catheter or lumbar incision. No hardware erosions or CSF leaks were identified. These patients received a median follow-up of 3.0 years, with 30 of 43 patients receiving follow-up over 2.0 years.

CONCLUSION

This follow-up study suggests that the technique of paraspinal subfascial catheter placement translates to long-term decreases in CSF leakage and complications from erosion, infection, and also catheter malfunctions. It does not seem to affect the overall rate of complications.
Natural and surgical history of Chiari malformation Type I in the pediatric population
Authors: Pomeraniec I. Jonathan , Ksendzovsky Alexander , Awad Ahmed J. , Fezeu Francis , Jane John A.
Published: November 2015

OBJECT

The natural and surgical history of Chiari malformation Type I (CM-I) in pediatric patients is currently not well described. In this study the authors discuss the clinical and radiological presentation and outcomes in a large cohort of pediatric CM-I patients treated with either conservative or surgical management.

METHODS

The authors retrospectively reviewed 95 cases involving pediatric patients with CM-I who presented between 2004 and 2013. The patients ranged in age from 9 months to 18 years (mean 8 years) at presentation. The cohort was evenly split between the sexes. Twenty-five patients underwent posterior fossa decompression (PFD) with either dural splitting or duraplasty. Seventy patients were managed without surgery. Patients were followed radiologically (mean 44.8 months, range 1.2–196.6 months) and clinically (mean 66.3 months, range 1.2–106.5 months).

RESULTS

Seventy patients were treated conservatively and followed with serial outpatient neurological and radiological examinations, whereas 25 patients were treated with PFD. Of these 25 surgical patients, 11 were treated with duraplasty (complete dural opening) and 14 were treated with a dura-splitting technique (incomplete dural opening). Surgical intervention was associated with better clinical resolution of symptoms and radiological resolution of tonsillar ectopia and syringomyelia (p = 0.0392). Over the course of follow-up, 20 (41.7%) of 48 nonsurgical patients who were symptomatic at presentation experienced improvement in symptoms and 18 (75%) of 24 symptomatic surgical patients showed clinical improvement (p = 0.0117). There was no statistically significant difference in resolution of symptoms between duraplasty and dura-splitting techniques (p = 0.3572) or between patients who underwent tonsillectomy and tonsillopexy (p = 0.1667). Neither of the 2 patients in the conservative group with syrinx at presentation showed radiological evidence of resolution of the syrinx, whereas 14 (87.5%) of 16 patients treated with surgery showed improvement or complete resolution of syringomyelia (p = 0.0392). In the nonsurgical cohort, 3 patients (4.3%) developed new or increased syrinx.

CONCLUSIONS

The overwhelming majority of CM-I patients (92.9%) managed conservatively do not experience clinical or radiological progression, and a sizeable minority (41.7%) of those who present with symptoms improve. However, appropriately selected symptomatic patients (sleep apnea and dysphagia) and those presenting with syringomyelia should be considered surgical candidates because of the high rates of clinical (75%) and radiological improvement (87.5%).
Undue influences on drugs and device industries distort healthcare research, and practice
Authors: Rahman Mohammad Arifur , Farzana Laila
Published: November 2015

Background: Expenditure on industry products (mostly drugs and devices) has spiraled over the last 15 years and accounts for substantial part of healthcare expenditure. The enormous financial interests involved in the development and marketing of drugs and devices may have given excessive power to these industries to influence medical research, policy, and practice.Material and methods: Review of the literature and analysis of the multiple pathways through which the industry has directly or indirectly infiltrated the broader healthcare systems. We present the analysis of the industry influences at the following levels: (i) evidence base production, (ii) evidence synthesis, (iii) understanding of safety and harms issues, (iv) cost-effectiveness evaluation, (v) clinical practice guidelines formation, (vi) healthcare professional education, (vii) healthcare practice, (viii) healthcare consumers decisions.Results: We located abundance of consistent evidence demonstrating that the industry has created means to intervene in all steps of the processes that determine healthcare research, strategy, expenditure, practice and education. As a result of these interferences, the benefits of drugs and other products are often exaggerated and their potential harms are downplayed, and clinical guidelines, medical practice, and healthcare expenditure decisions are biased. Conclusion: To serve its interests, the industry masterfully influences evidence base production, evidence synthesis, understanding of harms issues, cost-effectiveness evaluations, clinical practice guidelines and Healthcare professional education and also exerts direct influences on professional decisions and health consumers. There is an urgent need for regulation and other action towards redefining the mission of medicine towards a more objective and patient-, population- and society-benefit direction that is free from conflict of interests.
Human Rights: Illusion or Reality; Theological (Shiite) Perspective (Part 2)
Authors: Jamkarani Ali
Published: November 2015

The discussion is based around these issues, history of Human Rights, timeline for Human Rights history, question asked in this regard and enemy and friend of human rights. Describing the problems and its resolve from logical reasoning perspective; intellectual argumentation based on logical reason of, what is universal human right, democracy and illegal wars in the world by super powers as example America? Attempt to describe the inner construction of a human being-perfection-. Introduction to the concept of infallibility in different parts in the article, purify yourself and being purified. What is it, is it possible for a creation named human to be not fallible, is the idea or practicing it impossible or there is a great sphere of being able to practicing it and reaching the status if one finds guidance for the right way with peace and human rights prevailed in the world. Majority of the thought in the text, based on hadith-tradition- from the Prophet of Islam Peace upon Him and His family Ahl al-Bait Peace upon Them.
Evidencing an inner-sphere mechanism for NHC-Au(I)-catalyzed carbene-transfer reactions from ethyl diazoacetate
Authors: Fructos Manuel R , Urbano Juan , Díaz-Requejo M Mar , Pérez Pedro J
Published: November 2015

Kinetic experiments based on the measurement of nitrogen evolution in the reaction of ethyl diazoacetate (N2CHCO2Et, EDA) and styrene or methanol catalyzed by the [IPrAu]+ core (IPr = 1,3-bis(diisopropylphenyl)imidazole-2-ylidene) have provided evidence that the transfer of the carbene group CHCO2Et to the substrate (styrene or methanol) takes place in the coordination sphere of Au(I) by means of an inner-sphere mechanism, in contrast to the generally accepted proposal of outer-sphere mechanisms for Au(I)-catalyzed reactions.
Outcome of a New Acrylic Intraocular Lens Implantation in Pediatric Cataract
Authors: Sukhija Jaspreet , Kaur Savleen , Ram Jagat
Published: November 2015

Purpose:

To study the outcome of Hoya Clear Preloaded intraocular lens (IOL) (PC 60AD, AF Series; Hoya, Tokyo, Japan) implantation in children.

Methods:

Children who underwent phacoaspiration with primary posterior capsulotomy, anterior vitrectomy, and primary IOL implantation through a 2.8-mm incision were observed prospectively. In all cases, attempts were made to implant the IOL into the capsular bag. Parameters noted were ease of implantation, synechiae formation, IOL deposits, decentration of IOL, visual axis obscuration, haptic compression, and ovalling of the rhexis. Intraoperative complications related to the IOL were also recorded.

Results:

This series comprised 58 eyes of 38 patients with congenital/developmental cataract who underwent implantation of the Hoya IOL. Mean age of the patients was 3.27 ± 2.69 years (range: 3 months to 8 years) and mean follow-up was 24.5 ± 9.13 months. Visual axis obscuration occurred in 4 eyes, posterior synechiae in 5 eyes, IOL deposits in 6 eyes, haptic compression in 3 eyes, and IOL decentration in 1 eye.

Conclusions:

The data suggest that implantation of the Hoya IOL is a safe option in children undergoing cataract surgery.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus.
2015;52(6):371–376.]
Indocyanine Green-Enhanced Transpupillary Thermotherapy for Retinoblastoma: Analysis of 42 Tumors
Authors: Hasanreisoglu Murat , Saktanasate Jarin , Schwendeman Rachel , Shields Jerry A. , Shields Carol L.
Published: November 2015

Purpose:

To evaluate the efficacy of indocyanine green-enhanced transpupillary thermotherapy (ICG-TTT) for retinoblastoma that shows suboptimal response to conventional treatments.

Methods:

A single center, retrospective chart review. The technique involved ICG infusion (range: 0.3 to 0.5 mg/kg) 1 minute prior to applying TTT using the indirect ophthalmoscope technique with a spot size of 1.2 mm.

Results:

There were 42 retinoblastomas in 30 eyes of 21 patients treated with ICG-TTT. The reasons for ICG enhancement included suboptimal response to standard TTT (n = 31, 74%), recurrence after standard TTT (n = 3, 7%), or minimally pigmented fundus with poor standard TTT uptake (n = 8, 19%). The mean patient age at treatment was 12 months (median: 11.6 months, range: 3 to 31 months). The mean tumor base was 3.5 mm (median: 3 mm), mean tumor thickness was 2.5 mm (median; 2 mm), mean distance to the foveola was 2.6 mm (median: 3 mm), and mean distance to the optic disc was 2.2 mm (median: 0.75 mm). Treatment parameters included a spot size of 1.2 mm, mean power of 760 mW (median: 800 mW, range: 400 to 1,200 mW), and mean duration of 4 minutes (median: 4 minutes, range: 0.5 to 14 minutes). Following a median of 2 sessions (range: 1 to 5 sessions) of ICG-TTT, 33 (79%) tumors demonstrated complete regression. The mean tumor thickness postoperatively was 1.7 mm. Two (5%) tumors showed minimal regression after ICG-TTT. During a mean follow-up of 46 months (median: 33 months), tumor recurrence after ICG-TTT developed in 7 (17%) cases at a mean interval of 7 months. Local complications of ICG-TTT included focal paraxial cataract (n = 2, 7%), iris atrophy (n = 1, 3%), and transient retinal hemorrhage (n = 2, 7%). Systemic problems included ICG allergy (n = 1, 5%). Overall, tumor control and globe salvage was achieved in all 30 (100%) eyes. There were no metastatic events.

Conclusions:

ICG-TTT is an effective alternative for reti-noblastoma control, particularly for small tumors that show suboptimal response to standard TTT.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus.
2015;52(6):348–354.]
Efficient Resource Allocation Mechanism for Federated Clouds
Authors: Liu Chien-Yu , Huang Kuo-Chan , Lee Yi-Hsuan , Lai Kuan-Chou
Published: November 2015

This study proposes a novel efficient resource allocation mechanism for federated clouds, which takes the communication overhead into consideration, to improve system throughput and reduce resource repacking overhead in the auto-scaling mechanism. In general, when the amount of service requests increases, more and more resources are allocated to satisfy these requests. However, single cloud cannot provide unlimited services with limited physical resources; therefore, the federation of multiple clouds may be one possible solution. In the federated cloud environment, when the workload changes, the resource allocation mechanism could adopt vertical/horizontal scaling fashions to repack the required resource into virtual machines. In the vertical scaling approach, the resource allocation mechanism allocates more resources into virtual machines for improving virtual machine's capability. In the horizontal scaling approach, the resource allocation mechanism allocates more virtual machines for enhancing the virtual cluster's capability. However, frequent resource repacking may reduce the system performance. Therefore, in order to improve system throughput and reduce repacking overhead, the proposed mechanism captures the execution pattern of applications by the profiling system and the resource status by the monitoring system, and then allocates resources for configuring the virtual cluster. Performance for NAS Parallel Benchmarks is evaluated. Experimental results show that the authors' approach could reduce repacking overhead and improve system throughput by comparing two previous works.
Landscape of Tumor Antigens in T Cell Immunotherapy
Authors: Ilyas Sadia , Yang James C.
Published: November 2015

Cancer immunotherapy is a rapidly evolving field that exploits T cell responses to tumor-associated Ags to induce tumor rejection. Molecular identification of tumor rejection Ags has helped define several classes of Ags, including tissue differentiation and tumor germline Ags. The ability to genetically engineer Ag-specific receptors into T cells provides an opportunity to translate these findings into therapies. New immunotherapy agents, notably checkpoint inhibitors, have demonstrated unprecedented efficacy in certain cancers. However, the nature of the Ags driving those beneficial immune responses remains unclear. New evidence suggests that tumors express immunogenic, tumor-specific epitopes generated from the same mutations that drive cancer development. Correlations between cancer types responding to immunotherapies and the frequency of somatic mutations may clarify what drives natural antitumor immune responses. This fusion of tumor immunology and genetics is leading to new ways to target this class of ideal tumor-specific Ags and could allow the application of immunotherapy to many cancers.
Safety of the Hypersound® Audio System in Subjects with Normal Hearing
Authors: Mehta Ritvik P. , Mattson Sara L. , Kappus Brian A. , Seitzman Robin L.
Published: November 2015

The objective of the study was to assess the safety of the HyperSound® Audio System (HSS), a novel audio system using ultrasound technology, in normal hearing subjects under normal use conditions; we considered preexposure and post-exposure test design. We investigated primary and secondary outcome measures: i) temporary threshold shift (TTS), defined as >10 dB shift in pure tone air conduction thresholds and/or a decrement in distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) >10 dB at two or more frequencies; ii) presence of new-onset otologic symptoms after exposure. Twenty adult subjects with normal hearing underwent a pre-exposure assessment (pure tone air conduction audiometry, tympanometry, DPOAEs and otologic symptoms questionnaire) followed by exposure to a 2-h movie with sound delivered through the HSS emitter followed by a post-exposure assessment. No TTS or new-onset otological symptoms were identified. HSS demonstrates excellent safety in normal hearing subjects under normal use conditions.
Spatial Constraints Also Regulates Final Achene Mass in the Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Capitulum
Authors: Hernández Luis
Published: November 2015

In capitula of the cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) achene size and mass commonly decrease from proximal to distal positions. Temporal limitation of resources of the distal achenes over the proximal ones has been the common explanation for this response. Nevertheless, because the capitulum architecture and expansion dynamics also interacts with achene growth and development, also space exert a coupled effect with resources on achene size along the inflorescence radius. In this work we removed young achenes from different capitulum positions [inner sector (IS) and outer sector (OS)] and applied an artificial restriction to the capitulum/achenes radial expansion. Removal of outer achenes significantly increased the final dry mass of the remnant ones between 17.1 to 27.6%. Removal of inner achenes also produced the same effect but in less magnitude, between 9.3 to 17.9% of the outer ones. The removal of outer achenes with the application of an artificial peripheral constraint did not significantly increase the dry mass of the remnant ones (2.7% of the inner and 7.1% of the control). Percentage of empty achenes significantly diminished in the middle sector (MS) in capitula with the outer achenes removed and in capitula with the outer achenes removed plus a peripheral constraint but in the range of 7.1% (MS achenes) and 2.7% (IS achenes). Percentage of empty achenes of the MS did not change when the outer achenes were removed but was significantly lower when the OS was removed and the peripheral constraint was applied. This results suggest that a part of the reduced growth and development of IS and MS achenes is not only controlled by the competition for resources but also is restricted by space and pressure exerted by the neighboring ones.
Adult learning: What nurse educators need to know about mature students
Authors: Spies Cynthia , Seale Ielse , Botma Yvonne
Published: November 2015

Background: Most nurse educators regard students who enter postgraduate studies as adult learners capable of self-direction and independent learner behaviour. Therefore, a mismatch between the nurse educator’s expectation of adult learners and actual adult learner conduct may result in disappointment and even frustration for both educator and learner.Purpose: This article is a report of a secondary analysis of data that were collected to explore the high-fidelity simulation learning experiences of a group of postgraduate nursing students.The secondary analysis was done to determine whether adult learners who bring professional knowledge and experience to a postgraduate learning environment displayed adult learner conduct as proposed by educational theorist Malcolm Knowles.Method: Using a qualitative descriptive research design, data were gathered from 18 postgraduate nursing students who participated in high-fidelity simulation in a nursing school at a higher education institution in South Africa. The nominal group technique was used to collect the students’ ideas about improving their simulation learning experiences. A secondary qualitative analysis of the primary nominal group data was done.Findings: Data either confirmed or belied adult learner behaviour. Although the findings suggested self-directed and independent learner behaviour, they also revealed behaviour evident of dependence on the educator.Conclusion: Mature students have well established ways of thinking and doing that may hinder learning. Educators have to support adult learners in developing effective learning techniques in order to maximise the benefits of their experience and knowledge by fostering independence and self-direction.
A (South) African voice on youth ministry research: Powerful or powerless?
Authors: Weber Shantelle
Published: November 2015

Research on youth ministry in Africa and specifically South Africa traces its origin to much research conducted in America and Europe. Many African scholars also draw on research and practices within these international spheres. Empirical research on youth ministry in Africa is however of great importance. For this purpose, comparative analysis research provides a research methodology in the social sciences that aims to make comparisons across different countries or cultures. A major problem in comparative research is that the data sets in different countries may not use the same categories, or define categories differently. This article makes use of a faith formation case study conducted in South Africa to highlight the value of this methodology when reflecting on international research from an African perspective. The main argument of this article is that international research on youth ministry is valuable in an African context but this research needs to be culturally contextualised through using comparative analysis as a research tool. This will reflect that there are many similarities between international youth ministry and the African context but there are also many cross-cultural disparities. After comparison, differences that are unique to the African context are noted. The article focuses on South Africa as a reflection of youth ministry within the broader African context.
Postsecular democracy and the reign of God: Reading Habermas and Moltmann in South Africa
Authors: Bentley Wessel
Published: November 2015

Governed by a liberal constitution, the South African democratic project is progressively finding its own identity. Being a democracy in Africa has unique challenges, as this system of governance needs to be contextualised by integrating African culture, history and memory into a political model which will promote sustainable participatory citizenship. This article engages, from a South African perspective, Habermas’ model of a postsecular democracy and Moltmann’s understanding of ‘Reich Gottes’ in Ethics of Hope. This article proposes an integrated relationship between responsible citizenship (Habermas’ postsecular democracy) and a Christian social conscience (Moltmann’s ‘Reign of God’)1for the South African context.Postsekulêre demokrasie en die koninkryk van God: in gesprek met Habermas en Moltmann vanuit ’n Suid-Afrikaanse perspektief. Die Suid-Afrikaanse demokrasie wat gegrond is op ’n liberale grondwet, is geleidelik besig om ’n eie identiteit te vind. Demokrasie in Afrika ervaar unieke uitdagings en moet derhalwe gekontekstualiseer word deur die Afrikakultuur, geskiedenis en geheue in ’n politieke model te inkorporeer wat beoog om houdbare en deelnemende burgerskap te bevorder. Hierdie artikel tree vanuit ’n Suid Afrikaanse perspektief in gesprek met Habermas se model oor postsekulêre demokrasie sowel as met Moltmann se verstaan van ‘Reich Gottes’ in Ethics of Hope. ’n Geïntegreerde verhouding tussen verantwoordelike burgerskap (Habermas se postsekulêre demokrasie) en ’n Christelike sosiale gewete (Moltmann se ‘Koninkryk van God‘) binne die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks word derhalwe deur hierdie artikel ondersteun.
Cervical vertebral anomalies in patients with obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Ray Saugat , Datana Sanjeev , Jayan Balakrishnan , Jain Amit
Published: November 2015

Objective

The aim of this study was to find an association between the patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and with cervical vertebral anomalies and any further correlation between various anomalies with varying severities of OSA.

Materials and Methods

The sample consisted lateral cephalograms of 70 subjects who were diagnosed with OSA and 70 other orthodontic patients who were selected as a control group. The lateral radiographs of both cases and controls were traced and findings were recorded.

Results

In total, 21.42% of subjects in the OSA group and 8.57% in the control group were affected with cervical vertebrae anomalies. The statistical analysis reveals that the number of subjects affected with cervical vertebrae anomalies in OSA group is highly significant. A number of cases of fusion were higher than posterior arch deficiency in OSA group and equal in the control group. However, in both the groups, the number of cases with two vertebrae fusion was higher. Further, the higher number of two vertebrae fusion cases in OSA group was found to be statistically significant. The findings of one-way ANOVA for OSA cases reveals the number of cases affected with cervical vertebrae anomalies were statistically highly significant (P < 0.01) in severe cases of OSA.

Conclusion

Patients of cervical vertebral anomalies may be at higher risk of developing OSA, and the possibility of the presence of cervical vertebral anomalies may increase with the increase in the severity of OSA. The most common vertebral anomaly was found to be two vertebral fusions.
A custom made grid to guide placement of temporary anchorage devices
Authors: Maurya Raj Kumar , Gupta Ankur , Garg Jaishree , Shukla Chandresh
Published: November 2015

The use of implant anchorage has simplified orthodontic treatment by sparing us the need for patient compliance and the complexity of treatment. One of the most important factors affecting the success of interdental implants is preventing the damage to adjacent roots and periodontal ligament. The most common causes of root damage from mini-implant insertion are improper site selection and an inaccurate angle of drill penetration. We thereby present a custom made modified grid help in more accurate placement of temporary anchorage devices and guide the angle of drill penetration. The grid can be placed anywhere in the oral cavity (buccally, palatally, anteriorly or posteriorly) and it can be attached to the main arch wire, bracket or even on unbounded teeth. The measuring reference grid with two vertical guide arms is connected with a horizontal arm that will later be secured to the adjacent bracket at both ends. The grid includes small squares, which effectively upgrade the efficiency during the orthodontic implant placement. The two vertical guide arms help in maintaining the desired angulation while drilling indicating the mesial and distal root surface of the adjacent teeth.
Influencia del ejercicio físico en el desarrollo de fístulas arteriovenosas nativas
Authors: López Alonso Mª Teresa , Lozano Moledo Valentín , Fontseré Baldellou Néstor , Yuguero Ortiz Anna
Published: November 2015

Objetivo: Evaluar la influencia de enfermería nefrológica de rol avanzado en un programa controlado de ejercicio físico post-operatorio sobre la maduración de la fistula arteriovenosa nativa (FAVn) al mes de su implantación.
Material y Métodos: Estudio prospectivo randomizado. Pacientes pre-diálisis y hemodiálisis. Criterios exclusión: discapacidad psíquica o física para realizar el programa de ejercicio. Tras la cirugía randomización a grupo ejercicio y control. Evaluación de criterios de maduración clínica y ecográfica. Análisis estadístico descriptivo, X2 y T- Student.
Resultados: 69 pacientes (48 varones), 66.8 (13.8) años y 65.2% en etapa de pre-diálisis. 38 grupo ejercicio y 31 control. Al mes se observaron tasas generales de adecuada maduración clínica y ecográfica del 88.4% y 78.3%, respectivamente (Índice Kappa = 0.539). Tan solo se observó un caso de disconcordancia entre ambos métodos. No se observaron diferencias significativas en los criterios de maduración clínica y ecográfica entre ambos grupos de estudio. En el análisis de regresión logística se detectó la localización como principal factor de confusión, revelando una significativa mayor maduración clínica pero no ecográfica en el subgrupo de pacientes portadores de FAVn distales (94.7% vs 60%; P=0.019).
Conclusiones: 1.- Un programa de ejercicio controlado post-quirúrgico favorece una adecuada maduración clínica, especialmente en el subgrupo de pacientes con FAVn distales. 2.- Tan solo se observó un caso de disconcordancia entre los criterios de maduración clínica y ecográfica. 3.- De acuerdo a nuestros resultados recomendamos la realización de una pauta controlada de ejercicio físico, bajo la supervisión de una enfermera experta en hemodiálisis.
Biopsia Renal en receptores de Trasplante Renal: Cuidados de enfermería y complicaciones
Authors: Sanz Izquierdo Esther , Mirada Ariet Carmen , Franquet Barnils Esther , Alonso Torres Mª Teresa , Palomino  Martínez Ana , Facundo Molas Carme
Published: November 2015

Introducción: La biopsia renal percutánea es una herramienta fundamental para el manejo del paciente trasplantado renal. La prueba es primordial para detectar y/o prevenir cualquier disfunción en el injerto, siendo un procedimiento tanto diagnóstico como preconizador.
Objetivo: Describir los cuidados de enfermería e identificar las complicaciones derivadas de la biopsia renal en los receptores de Trasplante Renal.
Material y métodos: Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal realizado en la Unidad de Trasplante Renal, Servicio de Nefrología, del 2008 al 2014. La población objeto de estudio son los receptores de Trasplante Renal (TR). La muestra está compuesta por 368 biopsias renales de seguimiento que ingresan para someterse a una biopsia renal. Los criterios de inclusión son ser mayores de 18 años, trasplantados y que han firmado el consentimiento informado. Se recogen datos sociodemográficos, clínico-asistenciales y complicaciones post-biopsia renal.
Resultados: Desde 1980 hasta el 2014 se han llevado a cabo 1868 TR, de 2008 a 2014 se estudiaron 368 biopsias de seguimiento. Se monitoriza la Tensión Arterial y la coagulación pre biopsia. Tras el procedimiento, se controla la presencia de sangrado por micción y constantes vitales. Inicialmente el reposo absoluto era de 24 h, a partir de 2014 se reduce a 6 horas, recomendando reposo relativo al alta, las complicaciones fueron mínimas.
Conclusiones: Los resultados indican que la biopsia renal es un procedimiento eficaz, con escasas complicaciones. Destacar el papel de enfermería en la detección precoz de complicaciones.
Sistema de información geográfica aplicada en el Alcázar de Sevilla
Authors: De Alba Romero Margarita , Jiménez Alejandro , Tabales Rodríguez Miguel Ángel
Published: November 2015

Since 1997 we have been developing an intense archaeological research in the whole of the Alcazar of Seville and the results have been embodied in numerous publications. To manage so much information is necessary an intuitive tool able to manage, organize and disseminate the data generated in successive archaeological campaigns. For this purpose we used a geographic information system which combine the resulting documentation of both the archaeological interventions and the building as a whole which can be accessed through a selection of attributes that range from general to specific, so link the graphic reality to the written translating the results of scientific research dissemination and outreach and making it available to anyone who wants to approach the building from any area of knowledge.
3d Surveying and modelling of the Archaeological Area of Paestum, Italy
Authors: Fiorillo Fausta , Jiménez Fernández-Palacios Belén , Remondino Fabio , Barba Salvatore
Published: November 2015

The intention of this interdisciplinary work is the integration of different 3D recording techniques and instruments to survey the archaeological area of Paestum (Italy) and obtain digital models of the main structures and temples of the site. The ancient city of Paestum, included in the UNESCO World Heritage list since 1998, is one of the most important archaeological sites in Italy, preserving the vestiges and ruins of Greek and Roman times, including three Doric temples. Photogrammetry and terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) acquisitions were integrated in order to exploit the intrinsic advantages of the actual 3D surveying techniques and produces digital models, orthoimages, maps and other geometric representations useful for archaeological, architectural and communication needs.
Documentación 3D de abrigos rupestres a partir de láser escáner y de procesos fotogramétricos automatizados
Authors: Cabrelles López Miriam , Lerma García José Luis
Published: November 2015

Metric and graphic documentation of archaeological cultural heritage requires effective solutions for archiving, visualization, analysis, management, and monitoring of different monuments and sites. This paper presents the geomatic workflow undertaken on a singular rock art site, Coves de la Saltadora. The cave is part of the Rock Art of the Mediterranean Basin on the Iberian Peninsula declared World Heritage Site by UNESCO in1998. The different steps are reviewed, starting from the data acquisition until the final delivery of part of the metric outputs such as 3D models, photorealistic models, orthophoto mosaics in two levels, general and detail.
Etruscans in 3D - Surveying and 3D modeling for a better access and understanding of heritage -
Authors: Jiménez Fernández-Palacios B. , Rizzi A. , Remondino F.
Published: November 2015

Archaeological 3D digital documentation of monuments and historical sites should be considered a precious source of information and it can be very useful for preservation, conservation, restoration and reconstruction of Cultural Heritage. This paper reports a work dealing with 3D surveying and modeling of different Etruscan heritage sites, featuring necropolis with underground frescoed tombs dating back to VII-IV century B.C., located in the area corresponding roughly to the actual central Italy. The project “Etruscans in 3D” was born with the aim of digital documentation, study, analyses and preservation of Etruscan heritage monuments and sites, but also to create digital contents for virtual visits, museum exhibitions, virtual and augmented reality, better access and communication of the
heritage information.
La reconstrucción virtual del patrimonio arqueológico al servicio de la divulgación y puesta en valor de la Villa Romana de Liédena (Navarra, España)
Authors: Vizcaíno León David , Bienes Calvo Juan José , Bravo Hinojo Eva , Soler José Mª
Published: November 2015

In many cases, archaeologists we face the fact that our "eye" is different to the display of archaeological remains: we are able to interpret the limited evidence before us. But not so with the general public who may be interested in visiting a site. This is the reason why the computerized display 3D recreations, based on interpretations of archaeological evidence conducted by researchers at the Villa Romana Liédena, helps greatly to the dissemination and understanding during scheduled visits to the site.
From the conclusions drawn by archaeologists, there have been three-dimensional models and recreations. With those materials, we have made 9 information panels
La comunicación multimedia de la Arqueología. Punto de inflexión.
Authors: Gómez Merino José Luis
Published: November 2015

The cultural changes produced by the new Communication tools are evident, but in Archaeology, everything continues working in the old way. The enhancement model in Archaeology consists in the construction of Museums. Sometimes the educational procedure to show the remains is by aggressive anastylosis and at the same time the cultural Authorities pay a minimum attention for Archaeological information.
The crisis can accelerate the changes and promote the new Communication tools in our already digital world.