bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Survey of Surgical Trainees in Trinidad & Tobago Using a Robotic Laparoscopic Camera Holder
Authors: Cawich Shamir , Harnarayan Patrick , Maharaj Ravi , Singh Yardesh , Ramdass Michael , Naraynsingh Vijay
Published: September 2022

Background: In the year 2021, the FreeHand robotic camera holder was introduced to a hospital in Trinidad & Tobago, amid strong opposition from postgraduate trainees who were concerned about diluted training opportunities. The aim of this study was to document trainees’ opinions on this surgical tool before and after its use. Methods: A self-administered questionnaire was completed by surgical trainees who had the opportunity to use the surgical robot in laparoscopic operations. The questionnaire sought data on three specific aspects: impact on training, technical aspects and perceived value for training. Results: Six trainees answered the questionnaire after using the robot. The number of trainees who believed the robot negatively impacted training reduced from 100% to 33%. All responders reported that head movements to control the robot were uncomplicated and the docked robot was not intrusive toward instrument movement. All were willing to support the use of the robot after having used the robot. Conclusions: This survey has revealed that surgical residents’ opinions of the Freehand® robot dramatically changed after becoming familiar with its use. There is no valid reason that surgical trainees would be denied the opportunity to participate in an operation, once they have become facile with the robot.
Is the Neuroimmune System a Therapeutic Target for Opioid Use Disorder? A Systematic Review
Authors: Toloff Katelyn , Woodcock Eric
Published: September 2022

Opioid use disorder (OUD) is an epidemic in the United States. In the past 12 months alone, there have been 75,000+ deaths attributed to opioid overdose: more than any other year in American history. Current pharmacotherapies for the treatment of OUD effectively suppress opioid withdrawal symptoms, but long-term relapse rates remain unacceptably high. Novel treatments for OUD are desperately needed to curb this epidemic. One target that has received considerable recent interest is the neuroimmune system. The neuroimmune system is anchored by glial cells, i.e., microglia and astrocytes, but neuroimmune signaling is known to influence neurons, including altering neurotransmission, synapse formation, and ultimately, brain function. Preclinical studies have shown that experimental attenuation of pro-inflammatory neuroimmune signaling modulates opioid addiction processes, including opioid reward, tolerance, and withdrawal symptoms, which suggests potential therapeutic benefit in patients. Whereas the peripheral immune system in OUD patients has been studied for decades and is well-understood, little is known about the neuroimmune system in OUD patients or its viability as a treatment target. Herein, we review the literature describing relationships between opioid administration and the neuroimmune system, the influence of neuroimmune signaling on opioid addiction processes, and the therapeutic potential for targeting the neuroimmune system in OUD subjects using glial modulator medications.
Effect of Biphasic kHz Field Stimulation on CA1 Pyramidal Neurons in Slices
Authors: Karnup Sergei , Groat William , Beckel Jonathan , Tai Changfeng
Published: September 2022

Electrical stimulation in the kilohertz-frequency range has been successfully used for treatment of various neurological disorders. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying this stimulation are poorly understood. To study the effect of kilohertz-frequency electric fields on neuronal membrane biophysics we developed a reliable experimental method to measure responses of single neurons to kilohertz field stimulation in brain slice preparations. In the submerged brain slice pyramidal neurons of the CA1 subfield were recorded in the whole-cell configuration before, during and after stimulation with a biphasic charge balanced electric field at 2kHz, 5kHz or 10 kHz. The slice was placed in a 1 mm gap between two parallel 2 mm long platinum-iridium 0.1 mm diameter wire electrodes. Whole-cell recordings lasted for an hour or longer. Typically, a few 5-10 min long sessions of kHz-field stimulation (kHz-FS) with various frequency/amplitude combinations were applied to assess the type of neuronal response and possible changes of its membrane characteristics. It was found that kHz-field stimulation at all frequencies elicited reproducible excitatory neuronal responses lasting throughout stimulation period, but not after cessation of kHz-FS. During kHz-FS the rheobase usually decreased. In addition, spontaneous firing might be initiated in some silent neurons or became more intense in previously spontaneously active neurons. Response thresholds were in the range of 0.5-2 mA and were higher at higher frequencies. Blockade of glutamatergic synaptic transmission did not alter the magnitude of responses. Inhibitory synaptic input was not changed by kilohertz field stimulation. We conclude that kHz-frequency current applied in brain tissue has an excitatory effect on pyramidal neurons during stimulation. This effect is more prominent and occurs at a lower stimulus intensity at a frequency of 2kHz as compared to 5kHz and 10kHz.
Citizens’ Image of Asthma and Their Actions During and After the Yokkaichi Lawsuit
Authors: Feng Danyang
Published: September 2022

Yokkaichi asthma is one of Japan’s four “big pollution diseases.” It occurred in the early 1960s and was caused by emissions from the petrochemical industry. The disease led to the first litigation concerning air pollution in Japan. From 1967 to 1972, citizens fought against corporations as part of the Yokkaichi lawsuit. This article explores how Yokkaichi asthma occurred, how citizens saw the disease before and during the lawsuit, and what actions they took to react to the problem. By appealing, studying, recording, and measuring, citizens in Yokkaichi made their voices heard and helped scientists testify during the legal proceedings, ultimately promoting Japan’s environmental legislation.
Cancer Stem Cells: Innovative Approach for Testable Alternatives against Therapy Resistant Cancer
Authors: Telang Nitin
Published: September 2022

Chemo-resistant cancer stem cells represent a sub-population of cancer initiating phenotype in primary cancer. These cells evolve in to a metastatic phenotype via activation of multiple cell signaling pathways for cancer cell survival and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Reliable cancer stem cell models represent a valuable experimental approach for drug discovery platform to identify efficacious testable alternatives against therapy-resistant cancer. Present commentary provides a systematic discussion of relevant conceptual and technical aspects of cancer stem cell biology and its significance for therapeutic alternatives.
Is Diarrhea Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS-D) a Myth?
Authors: Habba Saad
Published: September 2022

The prevalence of Diarrhea Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS D) and chronic diarrhea has been one of the most troublesome diagnoses inflicting approximately 5% of the population annually. These entities have always perplexed physicians that attempt to offer relief to millions of sufferers. Because of the magnitude of the problem, physicians and researchers have been reaching out to further classify and understand these entities. This review will shed some light on current analysis and thinking of IBS-D and offer a challenging new alternative approach in understanding and treatment for this condition. It will indicate that IBS-D is not a true clinical entity in fact, it demonstrates that a more detailed history and clinical work up of patients may indeed lead to a true and treatable clinical diagnosis, highlighting a more significant role of Bile acid abnormalities in the pathogenesis of chronic diarrhea.
Differing Diagnostic Trends in Autism Spectrum Disorders Between Ethnic Groups Reflecting Potential Etiological Risk Factors
Authors: Diamond Gary , Jaber Lutfi
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a group of developmental disabilities characterized by impairments in social interaction and communication, and by restricted, repetitive, and stereotyped patterns of behavior. Symptoms typically are apparent before age three years. Aim: To determine the prevalence of ASD amongst children along ethno-religious lines, where differences might point to potential trigger factors in its causation in a middle to high-income country. Methods: Diagnostic trends of ASD over the past 18 years were examined over a wide geographical area of central Israel, encompassing a database of 331,169 children, aged 3-18 years. Special importance was attached to statistics from different religious and ethno-cultural groups as potentially reflecting discrepancies in diagnosis, reporting, and possible environmentally- related factors in the presentation of a genetically determined syndrome. Results: Overall prevalence was 0.005 (1/200 live births), well below figures from other similar studies abroad and in Israel. Prevalence figures for the ultra-orthodox Jewish community were low (0.0021), when compared with the general population and similar that among Israeli Arabs (0.0017). Time trends indicated a surge in diagnosis of ASD among Israeli Arabs between the years 2008 and 2011, in contrast with a general flattening of figures for the orthodox community. Conclusions: Results indicated that besides discrepancies in diagnosis and reporting factors, there exists a possible relation between the actual expression of ASD, its genetic predisposition and socioeconomic/cultural status as impacting as part of the epigenetic factors in the causality of autism. Our prevalence rates are currently lower than those of ASD in Europe and the USA.
Sudden Death in a Young Male Patient: When Lupus and Cardiovascular Disease Intersect
Authors: Silva Guilherme , Souza Álvaro , Aragão Anna , Bonisson Vitor , Fuks Valério , Souza Álvaro , Vieitas Ludmilla , Coutinho Thiago
Published: September 2022

Herein we present the case of a 27-year-old male patient who was recently diagnosed with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) associated with nephritis with atypical findings on kidney biopsy and premature cardiovascular disease despite scarce traditional risk factors and negative laboratory findings for antiphospholipid syndrome. A literature review on the epidemiology and pathogenesis of coronary disease in SLE was conducted. The patient was admitted for pulse therapy after refractory disease on outpatient care but evolved with ventricular fibrillation secondary to acute thrombosis in the proximal segment of the anterior left descending artery, with no evidence of atherosclerotic disease. Laboratory findings were also negative for antiphospholipid syndrome both upon diagnosis and after the coronary event. He underwent manual thrombus aspiration and angioplasty with a drug-eluting stent, successfully weaning off mechanical ventilation and vasopressors at the intensive care unit and showing no neurological deficits or left ventricular function impairment. Kidney biopsy later resulted positive for immunoglobulin A nephropathy. The patient was discharged asymptomatic on guideline-directed therapy for coronary disease, warfarin associated with clopidogrel, anti-hypertensive drugs and a combination of immunosuppressants, remaining well on three-month follow-up. SLE is a chronic inflammatory disease that has increasingly been recognized as a major cardiovascular risk factor due to a variety of mechanisms involving accelerated atherosclerosis and thrombosis. As patients survive the first years of disease onset from infection and disease-specific complications, cardiovascular outcomes become a great concern. However, early events such as in this case are possible, especially in the context of flaring disease. We emphasize the importance of an interdisciplinary approach to such patients for better outcomes.
Food Security and Lifestyle Vulnerabilities as Systemic Influencers of COVID-19 Survivability
Authors: O’Hara Sabine , Ivanic Maros
Published: September 2022

Research on the COVID-19 pandemic has revealed some previously concealed links between underlying health conditions like obesity, diabetes, and heart disease and COVID-19 fatalities. This raises questions about the importance of healthy diets and lifestyles for the survivability of COVID-19 infections and possibly other infectious diseases. We statistically examine the connections between social determinants of health, reported health outcomes, and COVID-19 survivability using available data from over 3000 counties across the United States. Our study shows that preexisting conditions such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease reduce the observed survivability of COVID-19 prior to the broad availability of vaccines. Furthermore, we test several of the social determinants of health identified in the literature and find them to be statistically correlated with negative health outcomes with the expected sign. For example, improved food security and better access to exercise correlate with lower observed diabetes rates and improved cardiovascular health. Our findings also indicate the positive impact of food assistance programs like the so-called food stamps program of the United States Department of Agriculture, however, some of our findings differ between rural and urban counties across the United States. Based on our findings, we estimate that twenty-two-thousand (22,000) lives could have been saved in 2020 if residents in all U.S. counties were as healthy as those in the healthiest counties found in our sample. We further estimate that reducing food insecurity, and improving access to exercise could have prevented ten-thousand-eight-hundred (10,800) fatalities attributed to COVID-19 in 2020.
Pneumonia Detection Using enhanced CNN Model on Chest X-Ray Images
Authors: Aljawarneh Shadi , Al-Quraan Romesaa
Published: September 2022

Objective: Pneumonia, caused by microorganisms, is a severely contagious disease that damages one or both the lungs of the patients. Early detection and treatment are typically favoured to recover infected patients since untreated pneumonia can lead to major complications in the older (>65 years) and children (<5 years). The objectives of this work are to develop several models to evaluate X-ray Images (XRIs) of the chest, determine whether the images show/ do not show signs of pneumonia and compare the models based on their accuracy, precision, recall, loss, and ROC AUC scores. Methods: CNN, VGG-19, ResNet-50, and ResNet-50 with fine-tuning are some of the deep learning algorithms employed in this study. By training the transfer learning model and upgraded CNN model using a dataset, these techniques are used to identify pneumonia. The data set for the study was obtained from Kaggle. This dataset included 5,863 chest XRIs, which were categorised into 3 different folders (i.e., train, val, test). Results: According to the experimental findings, the ResNet50 model showed the lowest accuracy, i.e., 82.8%; while the upgraded CNN model showed the highest accuracy of 92.4%. Owing to its high accuracy, CNN was regarded as the best model in this study. The techniques developed in this study outperformed the popular ensemble techniques, and the models showed better results than those generated by cutting-edge methods. Deep learning models can detect the progression of pneumonia, which improves the general diagnostic accuracy and gives patients new hope for speedy treatment. Conclusions: Since enhanced CNN and ResNet50 showed the highest accuracy compared to other algorithms, it was concluded that these techniques could be effectively used to identify pneumonia after performing fine-tuning. It should be noted that the improved CNN would be more helpful in diagnosing pneumonia than the conventional method, which involves the healthcare provider reviewing the patient's medical history, performing a physical exam, and ordering diagnostic procedures like a chest X-ray. This information helps in identifying the form of pneumonia affecting the patient. Furthermore, pneumonia can take a severe turn and become fatal.
Automatic Energy Food Estimation In Elderly People With Neurodegenerative Disorders
Authors: Mohebi Z.H. , Nour Mhamed , Renaud Jean , Gardoni Mickael
Published: September 2022

Dementia has been an increasing trend with an increase in the population of elderly people, and WHO estimates that the number of individuals with dementia doubles every 20 years. There is no curative solution for dementia, but non-drug approaches can improve patient quality of life. In nursing homes (NH) almost 86% of patients with advanced dementia have problems eating and they need eating assistance. Patients with cognition impairment sometimes confuse food and they do not know when and how much they should eat and drink, so it leads to dehydration and malnutrition which cause weight loss, infection, decreased quality of life and increased risk of death. So, 24-hours caregivers are needed in this situation, and it is so hard for caregivers. Patients with dementia can live easier in the familiar environment, so ATs (Assistive Technologies) can help patients and caregivers to live in their own homes if possible. One of the approaches for monitoring eating activity of people with dementia is calculating calorie of food, the aim of this research is working on it. There are different approaches for measuring calorie of food but most of them depend on the user or they do not consider human value and ethical considerations in their design. Patients with dementia lose their autonomy, so they need an automatic system for calculating calorie of food. The objective of this research is to provide the state of art of the energy food estimation in elderly people with dementia. This study will be a good start for defining our own approaches in the domain.
Mental Health Issues in Children Born to Parents in Harmonious Relationships: A Theoretical Consideration
Authors: Bhaumik Udayan
Published: September 2022

Objectives: Dysfunctional children are usually associated with discordant families. However, children growing up in families where the partners share a mutually cordial relationship may also face stress and mental health issues. Not all children of mutually loving parents face difficulties in building relationships as adults. For those who do, it may be due to failure to anticipate these difficulties in later life while growing up. This aspect has not received any attention from mental health professionals so far. Methods: The author tries to consider the difficulties that may be faced by children who grow up in compatible families and yet face trust and relationship difficulties as young adults. Discussion and Conclusions: The treatment for these adults becomes challenging as they may present with a variety of mental health problems. The treatment of these adults presents a challenging aspect to mental health professionals. More studies are required to understand the nature of the psychological issues faced by these individuals and plan treatment for them.
Classification and Treatment of Sleep Disorders by Clinical Syndrome, Anatomic Localization and Pathophysiology
Authors: Spitzer A
Published: September 2022

The treatment of sleep disorders is problematic because the diagnoses consist of an array of unrelated terms, there is little knowledge or link to disease processes, and progression from the patient presentation to effective therapy is not systematic. The purpose of this paper is to provide a coherent framework for understanding sleep disorders, based on anatomy and pathophysiology. A classification of sleep disorders based on classical neurological diagnosis is presented. First, the diagnostic process in classical, clinical neurology is reviewed. In this traditional approach, diagnoses are not inferred directly from symptoms. Rather, symptoms are used to identify putative anatomic localizations, and pathophysiological mechanisms. Diagnoses are inferred as a second step from the localizations and mechanisms of disease. Subsequently, testing may be applied as necessary, using a probabilistic interpretation to guide treatment. Treatment for diseases classified in this manner is more likely to be successful. In addition, be generating alternative hypotheses during this process, if initial treatments are not successful, alternative approaches may be considered. The anatomy and physiology of sleep disorders is briefly reviewed. The process of diagnosis is then presented, starting with specific symptoms, including insomnia, hypersomnia, limb movement disorders, fatigue and pain syndromes. Groups of symptoms, as syndromes, are considered. By relating the symptoms to the localizations and pathophysiology, a more ordered approach to management is presented. The distinction of etiology from diagnosis is discussed. Etiologies that have resolved are typically not treatable. Prior research on fibromyalgia is summarized, including possible anatomic and pathophysiological substrates, and underlying sleep disorders. Other forms of fatigue are contrasted, with implications for different treatments.
Beyond the Amyloid Hypothesis: Proteolytic Dysfunction in Familial Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Wolfe Michael
Published: September 2022

For over 30 years, the amyloid hypothesis of Alzheimer’s disease has dominated this field of biomedical investigation. The hypothesis posits that aggregation of the amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) in the brain triggers a cascade of events that ultimately lead to neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. Early genetic and biochemical evidence supported a critical role of Aβ, particularly the 42-residue form Aβ42: Dominant missense mutations in the substrate (amyloid precursor protein, APP) and enzyme (γ-secretase) that produce Aβ cause early-onset familial Alzheimer’s disease (FAD). Nevertheless, serious gaps remain in understanding pathogenic pathways, and despite intense efforts over many years, effective agents for Alzheimer’s disease have been elusive. Here I discuss recent efforts to elucidate precisely how FAD mutations alter the complex proteolytic processing of APP substrate by γ-secretase, with results suggesting pathogenic triggers other than Aβ42.
The Elastic Constant of Coagulative Viscoelastometry
Authors: Raveh Yehuda , Nicolau-Raducu Ramona , Smaka Todd , Raveh David
Published: September 2022

Clot strength is of utmost clinical significance. The elastic constant of the forming clot is a surrogate of its strength. The elastometric assessment of the forming clot, known as thromboelastography, is therefore of utmost clinical importance. Thromboelastography using a rotational viscoelastometer requires a geometric model to couple the shear deformation of a forming blood clot to its viscoelastic properties. Hartert’s original model idealized the complex geometry of the clot as a single cuboid and predicted a maximal effective shear modulus Gmax=5000 dyn/cm2. Hochleitner et al. recently reviewed this decades-old model, with the aim to refine it by reducing geometric simplifications that made the model more tractable. Hochleitner’s revised model uncouples annular segments and idealizes them as cuboids, thereby obtaining a maximal effective shear modulus of Gmax=4466 dyn/cm2. Hochleitner’s idealizations, while more accurate that Hartert’s, still produces error of at least 52%. Using the actual formula for annular shear from an applied torque, as derived by Ramberg and Miller, obviates several geometric simplifications assumed for analytical tractability and produces an elastic constant of G=2930 dyn/cm2. The clinical importance of precise determination of the formula for transforming clot amplitude to clot strength is underscored by the nonlinear relationship between elastometric amplitude and elastic constant, as the systematic error cannot be linearly rescaled. Thus, clot strength in several clinical scenarios should be based on clot strength as opposed to clot amplitude.
In Medicine, is the Professor Necessary in View of the Wonderful Online Information?
Authors: Guadalajara-Boo José
Published: September 2022

Advances in technology and the media have favored that knowledge can be obtained quickly and completely for all sciences; so, students can get information in this way; now you can complete professional careers "online", therefore. Is the presence of a professor necessary to study medicine and specialties? In this paper, the forms of learning at the different levels of professional training, objective learning (learning they should know), the objectives pursued with learning, the role of culture and humanism in medicine are analyzed; they must learn the study of the techniques of evidence-based medicine and the clinical guidelines. The exam preparation courses, the objectives of how the learning of medical education should be structured are analyzed; how the medical attitude towards the patient should be individualized, what role does the clinical judgment play in the doctor, the terminal efficiency, all this in the university career of medicine and specialties in tertiary hospitals and in conclusion: The physical presence of the expert professor is important to carry out a tutorial teaching with direction in the academic and ethical evolution of the doctor in training throughout his career, in order to achieve an excellent clinical doctor who dominates the wonderful modern technology that he uses.
Comparison of treatment modalities regarding the entity of the trapped fourth ventricle: A 20-year retrospective analysis of our clinical experience
Authors: Panagopoulos Dimitrios , Stranjalis Georgios , Gavra Maro , Boviatsis Efstathios , Korfias Stefanos , Karydakis Ploutarchos , Tmemistocleous Marios
Published: September 2022

Introduction: The entity of the trapped fourth ventricle represents a clinical challenge, as it is a rare entity associated with a wide spectrum of underlying pathologic conditions and the proposed treatment options are restricted and frequently associated with complications and unfavorable long-term outcome. The majority of the affected individuals report a medical history of previous ventriculo-peritoneal shunt infection, as well as a precipitating factor for the entrapment (central nervous system infection, intraventricular hemorrhage, trauma). They come to clinical attention due to symptomatology attributed to mass effect that is exerted by the ballooned fourth ventricle on the brainstem and cerebellum. Materials and Methods: We present our results, extracted from data derived from our medical center 20 years surgical experience and relevant outcomes in 120 pediatric patients diagnosed and managed with entrapped fourth ventricle. They were treated either with fourth ventricle-peritoneal shunt insertion or with an endoscopic approach. The relative efficacy of both techniques was recorded one year and five years after the initial operation and the data underwent statistical analysis. All patients who failed the initial therapeutic option were managed again with the aforementioned techniques, and their long-term results were recorded. Conclusions: We recorded that after one year of follow-up, there were no significant differences in outcome when these two techniques were compared. However, when the results of five-year follow-up were compared between two groups, there was superiority, regarding the functional outcome, of the procedure involving the insertion of a fourth ventricular-peritoneal shunt. The outcome of patients that underwent a salvage procedure of any type did not seem to be different after a one-year follow-up period, being unable to verify the superiority of one technique over the other. However, there seems to be a superiority of the shunt procedure over the endoscopic technique regarding the functional outcome of these patients, five years after their second operation. Nevertheless, these results are only indicative and our data are insufficient to establish a statistical level of significance, probably due to the restricted number of patients that were incorporated in our survey.
Evaluation of The Efficiency of The module System Recommended by Turkish National Health Policy in Combating Obesity
Authors: Celik Sebahattin , Çallı İskan , Deniz Serpil , Bartin M. , Çıkman Öztekin , Duran Muharrem , Binici Serhat
Published: September 2022

World Health Organization defines obesity as “excessive fat accumulation at a level that may impair health”. Obesity is also officially defined as a “disease” by many surgical and endocrine societies (1,2), and also accepted as a risk factor for some cancers, cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, as well as many chronic diseases (2). Although the degree of accuracy is debated, obesity is still defined as a body mass index (BMI) above 30 (1). Obesity, which was alarming in western countries in the past, is currently a public health problem that concerns the whole world, except for a few southern African and Asian countries (1). Preventive measures are important in tackling the public health problem. In this context, an active life and low-calorie nutrition are accepted as basic preventive practices.
Implications of Tropomyosin Phosphorylation in Normal and Cardiomyopathic Hearts
Authors: Wieczorek David
Published: September 2022

Numerous molecular and biochemical processes regulate protein production in the cell. One of these processes, phosphorylation, allows the cell to rapidly adapt to changing physiological situations. In terminally differentiated cells, such as cardiomyocytes, phosphorylation of sarcomeric proteins controls contraction and relaxation under both normal and stressful conditions. The focus of this review is how phosphorylation of sarcomeric proteins alters physiological performance in cardiac muscle with a particular emphasis on the thin filament protein tropomyosin. This topic is addressed by the examination of tropomyosin isoform expression and its phosphorylation state from embryonic to adult murine development. Next, studies are examined which utilize in vivo model systems to express phosphorylation mimetics and de-phosphorylation genetically-altered tropomyosin transgene constructs. Results show that tropomyosin isoform expression is highly regulated, along with its phosphorylation state. Transgenic mouse hearts which express high levels of a constitutively phosphorylated tropomyosin develop a severe dilated cardiomyopathy and die within a month. A more moderate expression of this phosphorylation mimetic leads to normal systolic performance, but impaired diastolic function. When tropomyosin is dephosphorylated, the transgenic mice develop a compensated cardiac hypertrophy without systolic or diastolic alterations. Interestingly, when dephosphorylated tropomyosin is co-expressed with a hypertrophic cardiomyopathy tropomyosin mutation, the pathological phenotype is rescued with improved cardiac function and no indices of systolic or diastolic dysfunction. These studies demonstrate the functional significance of tropomyosin phosphorylation in determining cardiac performance during both normal and pathological conditions.
Experimental Study on the Effectiveness of Extracurricular Football Training for Improving Primary Students Physical Fitness
Authors: Zhang Yizhi , Wang Xiaozan , Guo Mingming
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of after-school football training in improving the physical fitness of primary
school students, so as to provide corresponding Suggestions for carrying out after-school football training in primary schools. A total
of 72 students from the experimental primary school of Mouping district, Yantai city, Shandong province, participated in this experimental
study, including 36 in the experimental group and 36 in the control group. The experiment was conducted for two semesters. During the experiment
period, the experimental group conducted one-hour football training after school from Monday to Thursday afternoon every week, and two hours of
football training on Saturday morning every week. The control group conducted sports teaching and extracurricular activities as usual without
other intervention. Before and after the experiment, both the experimental group and the control group underwent physical fitness tests according
to the physical fitness test standards of Chinese students, including lung capacity, 50-meter run, one-minute skipping rope, sitting forward
flexor, and one-minute sit-ups. The test results were all converted to the 100-point system according to the scoring standards. Before the
experiment, there was no significant difference between the experimental group and the control group in various physical fitness indicators
(p > 0.05). After the experiment, the lung capacity score (T = 3.108, p < 0.05), the 50-meter run score (T = 6.593, p < 0.05), the skipping
score (T = 9.227, p < 0.05), the sitting forward flexor score (T = 3.742, p < 0.05), and the sit-up score (T = 5.210, p < 0.05) of the
experimental group were significantly higher than that of the control group. This study shows that the physical fitness of primary school
students can be improved by football training in their spare time. It is suggested to carry out after-school football training activities
in primary schools so as to effectively improve the physical fitness of pupils.
Experimental Research on the Influence of Innovative After-Class Activities on Primary Students’ Attention
Authors: He Zhongting , Wang Xiaozan , Zhong Jiarong
Published: September 2022

Nowadays, due to factors such as long teaching time of the teacher, students often show problems of inattention. The purpose
of this article is to explore whether innovative after-class activities can significantly improve the attention level of
third-grade primary students. Through teaching experiment intervention, the attention levels of boys and girls in the
experimental group and the control group were compared. According to the principle of no significant difference in the
previous test, four classes of the third grade of Xiangtan Road Primary School in Qingdao, Shandong Province were
selected, two as experimental classes (60 students, including 30 boys and 30 girls) and two as control classes (60 students,
including 30 boys and 30 girls). Students in the experimental class conducted half-hour innovative after-class activities,
including youth boxing competitions, and football, basketball and volleyball competitions etc.; the control class only
conducted regular 800-meter running exercises. The D2 attention test tool was used to test the students' attention level
before and after the experiment. The intervention lasted 8 months, and in the present study, the appropriate IRB approval
has been obtained from East China Normal University. Using SPSS23.0 data analysis software, the independent sample T test
was used to analyze the difference in attention levels between the experimental group and the control group before and
after the experiment. This article only presents results with significant differences. The experimental group was
significantly higher in processing speed (TN) and anti-interference ability (E1 \ E2) than the control group [(TN) T = -1.851
P = 0.003 < 0.01] [(E1 \ E2) T = 2.842 P = 0.005 < 0.01]; the processing speed (TN) of the boys in the experimental
group was significantly higher than that in the control group (T = -2.490 P = 0.016 < 0.05); the girls in the experimental
group were able to resist interference with the distractions (E1 \ E2) higher than the control group (T = 2.842 P = 008 < 0.01).
Innovative after-class activities include a wide range of sports events, especially based on competitions can significantly improve
the attention level of third-grade students. Boys are more focused on quick tasks, and girls are more focused on noisy tasks.
Schools should carry out more innovative after-class activities to enrich the student's learning life and improve students' level of attention.
Pitfalls for Prospective International Student-Athletes Planning to Play for NCAA-DIII
Authors: Wei Ran , Liu Yuanlong , Gothberg June
Published: September 2022

More than 20,000 international student-athletes are currently competing at the NCAA level and the numbers are expected to rise
(NCAA, 2019), which illustrates the successful combination of higher education and sports in North America since the 1990s (Danylchuk & Grbac, 2016).
Some studies have addressed international student-athletes’ experiences at NCAA Division I and II levels (Popp, 2007, Bentzinger, 2016, Hong, 2018), but few
have investigated the Division III (DIII) level on the struggles faced by international student-athletes. Thus, the purpose of this study is to explore the
experiences of former international student-athletes (ISAs) in order to gain understanding of the potential pitfalls for prospective international student-athletes
(PISA) who plan to pursue college sports at NCAA DIII schools. The significance of this study is to provide suggestions for better international college
athletic experiences and prevent dropout. Two former international student-athletes were recruited via purposeful sampling strategy in the Midwest, U.S.
Human Subject Institute Review Board approval was granted. Data were collected through approximately 60-minute, semi-structured interviews and transcribed
using Otter software. Three-dimensional inquiry model (Clandinin & Connelly, 2000) and Leisure Constraint Theory (LCT, Crane & Temple, 2015) guided this
study. A non-linear process was utilized to describe, analyze and interpret the data. Two first level approaches were supplied: an inductive approach based on the
LCT and a deductive open coding in-vivo. To reduce researchers bias, epoche and bracketing were employed. Applying LCT, pitfalls related to intrapersonal constraints
would be negative perspectives on teams or coaches, lack of enjoyment, the mindset change of playing for school rather than for themselves and their failed
expectations. For interpersonal constraints, pitfalls would be negative recruiting experiences, difficulties in adapting to cultural differences, academic
challenges, and interest shift away from sports to more sustainable career development. For structural constraints, pitfalls would be less time commitment,
less practice and game play, dissatisfaction with their academic programs, and lack of outside interest in their sports. To avoid pitfalls and pursue better
athletic and academic international experiences, prospective international student-athletes may need to be more open-minded to adapt to the coaching and team
culture and adjust to circumstances different than their expectations. They also need to study more about the recruiting process and devote greater efforts
in the relationship with coaches, teammates and classmates. Lastly, they should not be in a rush to make a decision before a thorough study of institutions’
athletic and academic programs, and careers.
Exploring Factors and Strategies to Promote Chinese Elders’ Physical Activity
Authors: Yao Fanghong , Zhang Rui
Published: September 2022

This study was designed to explore factors and strategies to promote Chinese elders’ physical activity and cultivate healthy lifestyles. We collected the CHARLS survey 2011 baseline data, and selected 2647 cases of the elderly population in China. Based on the social ecosystem theory, the univariate analysis and ordered logistic regression were used. The model was analyzed for multivariate analysis. In the present study, the appropriate IRB approval has been obtained from Peking University. The theory of social ecology believes that individual behavior is influenced individual factors, inter-individual factors, organizational factors, community factors and policy factors. This article used the gender, age, marriage, education, and self-assessment of health status in the survey results as independent variables of individual factors, used whether to provide care for grandchildren, the frequency of participation in social activities as independent variables of inter-individual factors, used whether there are organizations that assist the elderly, the weak, the disabled population and whether there are elderly associations as the independent variables of organizational factors, then uses whether there is geriatric health service center as an independent variable of community factor. In this paper, physical activity participation intensity was used as the dependent variable, and single factor correlation analysis was performed with each independent variable. The other nine chi-square test significant independent variables except for age were included in the multiple regression model. The results showed that compared with other marital status, the physical activity intensity of the elderly population with spouses living together is greater; the elderly population who has better self-rated health scores and has higher social frequency, has stronger physical activity intensity; the elderly population who has geriatric health care service centers in their residence has stronger physical activity intensity. The following suggestions to promote health of Chinese elderly population can be made: the elderly population should establish their own awareness of health care and exercise; the children of the elderly population should strengthen their care for the elderly population; the community pension service organizations should take the initiative to play an active role to care the elderly population; the elderly population residence should strengthen the supporting hardware facilities.
Research on the Influence of Sports Culture on Community Harmonious Relationship in Urban Community Fitness Activities
Authors: Cui Gaoyuan
Published: September 2022

Fitness promotion has been recognized as a part of Chinese national strategic plan. Community sports fitness activities play an important role in the urban community sports of the country. However, homogeneity of participants, monotonous ways of participation, poor exercise effects, and lack of organization and guidance still hinder the publicization of urban community sports. At the same time, the effect of sports activities in urban communities to promote the harmonious construction and effective governance of urban communities has not been fully explored. Therefore, warranted is a study on the influence of sports culture on community harmonious relationship in urban community fitness activities. Prior to the study, IRB approval was obtained from the Hubei University of Economy. A total of 654 individuals were recruited from 43 urban communities of five cities in China. A 7-scale Likert questionnaire were developed to measure the variables under study, including group willingness, group norm, group identity, relationship quality, and sports culture perception. Reliability and validity of the measurement constructs were acceptable. Partial Least Square -Structural Equation Models were used to analyze the data, and path coefficients of the variables were calculated to test the hypotheses. Results revealed three patterns. First, sports culture had a positive effect on promoting community fitness activities. Second, sports culture can be further understood in four subcategories: material sports culture, behavior sports culture, institution sports culture and spirit sports culture. Third, compared with group norms, group identity has a more important impact on the relationship quality and collective will of urban community members.
International Experience and Inspiration of Online Physical Education in America Under the Crisis of Public Health Emergencies
Authors: Meng Han , Yin Zhihua
Published: September 2022

In recent decades, the frequent occurrence of public health crises has brought great challenges to teaching school physical education (PE). This study aims to improve the quality of PE online courses in China and provide effective support for PE teachers to carry out online teaching by learning from the experiences of how to effectively conduct online physical education in America when schools are closed. This study reviewed the relevant policy documents and literature of online physical education courses in America, including theoretical and practical studies. Furthermore, available data stemming from semi-structured interviews and focus groups with eleven PE teachers were presented. Teachers discussed the difficulties faced by Chinese PE teachers in online physical education. Strategies to promote online physical education in the United States include: macro-level: establishing a comprehensive theoretical and practical database for teachers; medium-level: providing online HPE course teaching cases and guidance; and micro-level: Providing a teaching resource package that can be used directly by teachers. Features of the American approach to promote online physical education include: providing systematic online physical education curriculum theory and practical foundation; providing continuous resources and technical support; and establishing an extensive cooperation network; Providing specific guidance for PE teachers. The focus of this research was to provide solutions to the problems encountered by Chinese PE teachers in teaching online physical education. However, there were two limitations. First, we provided a limited literature review on online physical education in the United States. The second limitation is that this study did not fully show the difficulties faced by PE teachers in carrying out online physical education in China, which needs a further investigation. PE teachers pointed out that they received little support for teaching online physical education courses, neither in theory nor in practices. In the future, it is suggested that China need to establish a systematic online physical education guidance system. In the process of online physical education, we should pay more attention to the cultivation of students' health literacy, accelerate the transformation of physical education concept of physical and mental health in China, and strengthen the ability of PE teachers to design the online teaching content.
Method of modeling conformal radiating structures with chiral filling
Authors: Neshcheret A.M.
Published: September 2022

At the moment, there is a scientific and technical problem of developing adequate methods and models of conformal antennas based on chiral metamaterials that allow for high accuracy of calculations with small computing resources. The aim of the work is to develop a method and mathematical models of conformal radiating structures based on the apparatus of singular equations that allow them to correctly calculate their characteristics. As a result, an analysis method and a mathematical model of conformal radiating structures with chiral filling were developed. A singular integral equation is obtained with respect to an unknown function of the longitudinal distribution of the current density. The advantage of the developed method is the possibility of correct calculation of the characteristics of conformal radiating structures with filling from chiral metamaterials. The results obtained can be used to create conformal antennas based on chiral metamaterials.
"˜Panapaná': a Metamorfose de uma Pesquisa com os Cotidianos da Educação Museal na/com a Cibercultura
Authors: Marti Frieda Maria
Published: September 2022

Este artigo tem como objetivo narrar e discutir uma experiência vivenciada no/com o Instagram e seus praticantes durante nossa pesquisa de Doutorado que buscou compreender a Educação Museal na/com a cibercultura. A experiência aqui narrada dialoga com as bases teórico-metodológicas da pesquisa com os cotidianos e da ciberpesquisa-formação. Narrativas e imagens de usuários publicadas abertamente no Instagram se configuraram como nossos personagens conceituais que nos ajudaram a compreender as operações de usuários e as múltiplas tessituras de "˜conhecimentossignificações', de expressões e manifestações das experimentações, significações e vivências dos praticantes culturais nos/com o museu, modificando consideravelmente os modos de "˜fazerpensar' nossa pesquisa e atuação como educadora museal em formação nas com as redes sociais digitais da Seção de Assistência ao Ensino do Museu Nacional (SAE/MN).

Palavras-chave: Ciberpesquisa-formação. Educação museal. Educação Museal Online. Museu Nacional. Panapaná.