bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association Between Norepinephrine Levels and Abnormal Iron Status in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: Is Iron Deficiency More Than a Comorbidity?
Authors: Moliner Pedro , Enjuanes Cristina , Tajes Marta , Cainzos‐Achirica Miguel , Lupón Josep , Garay Alberto , Jimenez‐Marrero Santiago , Yun Sergi , Farré Núria , Cladellas Mercé , Díez Carles , Gonzalez‐Costello Jose , Comin‐Colet Josep
Published: February 2019

Background

Mechanisms underlying iron homeostasis dysregulation in patients with chronic heart failure remain unsettled. In cardiomyocyte models, norepinephrine may lead to intracellular iron depletion, but the potential association between catecholamines (sympathetic activation markers) and iron metabolism biomarkers in chronic heart failure is unknown.

Methods and Results

In this cross‐sectional analysis, we studied the association between plasma norepinephrine levels and serum iron status biomarkers indicating iron storage (ferritin), iron transport (transferrin saturation), and iron demand (soluble transferrin receptor) in a prospective cohort of 742 chronic heart failure patients (mean age, 72±11 years; 56% male). Impaired iron status was defined as ferritin <100 μg/L or transferrin saturation <20%. Impaired iron status was observed in 69% of patients. In multivariate models, greater norepinephrine levels were associated with impaired iron transport (transferrin saturation <20%, odds ratio=2.28; 95% CI [1.19–4.35];
P
=0.013), but not with impaired iron storage (ferritin <100 μg/L, odds ratio=1.25; 95% CI [0.73–2.16];
P
=0.415). Norepinephrine was a significant predictor of increased iron demand (soluble transferrin receptor, standardized β‐coefficient=0.12;
P
=0.006) and low transferrin saturation (standardized β‐coefficient=−0.12;
P
=0.003). However, norepinephrine levels were not associated with iron or ferritin levels (
P
>0.05). Adjusted norepinephrine marginal means were significantly higher in patients with impaired iron status compared with those with normal iron status (528 pg/mL [505–551] versus 482 pg/mL [448–518], respectively;
P
=0.038).

Conclusions

In chronic heart failure patients, increased sympathetic activation estimated with norepinephrine levels is associated with impaired iron status and, particularly, dysregulation of biomarkers suggesting impaired iron transport and increased iron demand. Whether the relationship between norepinephrine and iron metabolism is bidirectional and entails causality need to be elucidated in future research.
‘Only’ in Nguni: A Phrase-Final Particle Meets Antisymmetry Theory
Authors: Carstens Vicki , Zeller Jochen
Published: February 2019

This article investigates the syntax of the phrase-final focus particles kuphela and qha ‘only’ in Zulu and Xhosa (Nguni; Bantu). We show that kuphela’s and qha’s associations with a focused constituent respect the complex topography of information structure in Nguni and, like English only, a surface c-command requirement. However, unlike English only, the Zulu and Xhosa particles typically follow the focus associate they c-command, a fact that poses a serious challenge for Kayne’s (1994) antisymmetry theory. We demonstrate that the Nguni facts are incompatible with recent Linear Correspondence Axiom–inspired approaches to phrase-final particles in other languages and, after weighing the merits of several approaches, we conclude that kuphela is an adjunct and that syntax is only weakly antisymmetric: adjuncts are not subject to the LCA.
Neotropical Blepolenis butterflies: wing pattern elements, phylogeny, and Pleistocene diversification (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae)
Authors: PENZ CARLA M. , MOHAMMADI NEDA , WAHLBERG NIKLAS
Published: February 2019

This study re-describes and provides a phylogeny for the Brassolini genus Blepolenis, which includes three species from the Brazilian Atlantic forest. A diagnosis and illustrations of habitus and genitalia are given for each species. We compare variation in wing color pattern among the genera Blepolenis, Opsiphanes, Orobrassolis and Mielkella, and discuss the repeated loss of male wing androconial organs within Blepolenis. DNA sequence (nuclear and mitochondrial genes) provided the strongest signal for phylogeny reconstruction, given that Blepolenis species are morphologically homogeneous. Estimated time of divergence between Blepolenis and Opsiphanes dates from the Mid Miocene (ca. 15 million years ago), and was followed by an apparent period of stasis. Extant Blepolenis species seem to have diverged in the Pleistocene (ca. 2.5 mya).
Morphology and chaetotaxy of the first instar larva of the scorpionfly Sinopanorpa tincta (Mecoptera: Panorpidae)
Authors: CHEN HONG-MIN , HUA BAO-ZHEN
Published: February 2019

The morphology and chaetotaxy of the first instar larva of the scorpionfly Sinopanorpa tincta (Navás, 1931) are described and illustrated for the first time with the aid of light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, with particular attention to the mouthparts and their sensilla. A comparison is made with the larvae of other known Mecoptera, especially Panorpa and Neopanorpa in Panorpidae.
Batasio convexirostrum, a new species of catfish (Teleostei: Bagridae) from Koladyne basin, India
Authors: DARSHAN A. , ANGANTHOIBI N. , VISHWANATH W.
Published: February 2019

Batasio convexirostrum, a new bagrid catfish, is described from the Koladyne drainage, Mizoram, India. It is distinguished from congeners by a combination of the following characters: body with a dark-brown oblique predorsal bar on a uniform light-brown background; very short dorsal to adipose distance (1.7–4.1% SL); snout length 39.2–45.5% head length; eye diameter 24.6–29.8% head length; gill rakers on the first branchial arch 4–5; pectoral spine length 14.6–17.6% standard length; adipose-fin base length 31.0–34.9% standard length; post-adipose distance 10.6–13.7% standard length; branched pectoral fin rays 9–10; and 39–40 vertebrae.
On the nomenclature of the palaemonid names Palaemon spinipes Desmarest, 1817, Palaemon spinipes Schenkel, 1902, and Macrobrachium wallacei Wowor & Ng, 2008 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea)
Authors: NG PETER K. L. , WOWOR DAISY
Published: February 2019

Holthuis (1995) commented that there were two forms that have been referred to the widespread Indo-West Pacific Giant Freshwater Prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man, 1879), and they should be recognized as subspecies: M. rosenbergii rosenbergii (De Man, 1897) sensu stricto (eastern Indonesia, New Guinea, Australia and Philippines), and M. rosenbergii dacqueti (Sunier, 1925) (Sundaic Southeast Asia, Indochina and South Asia). Wowor & Ng (2007) argued that the two subspecies should be regarded as distinct species – M. rosenbergii (De Man, 1879) and M. dacqueti (Sunier, 1925). They showed that the two species, in addition to their non-overlapping distributions, can be distinguished by the relative height of the rostral base, spination of the second to fifth pereiopods in adults, shape of the fourth thoracic sternite as well as live coloration. However, in doing so, Wowor & Ng (2007) created a major nomenclatural problem, as the species that is widely fished in South and Southeast Asia as well as Indochina, and also extensively cultured throughout the world should actually be known as M. dacqueti and not M. rosenbergii. To minimize taxonomic and nomenclatural confusion, they noted that it would be preferable if the name “M. rosenbergii” could be retained for the commercially more valuable and extensively researched species from Southeast Asia. To this effect, Wowor & Ng (2008) requested the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) to use its plenary powers to set aside the previous type fixation for Palaemon rosenbergii De Man, 1879 (a holotype female from Andai, New Guinea, in the Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum, Leiden, catalogue number RMNH D 1097) and to designate the lectotype specimen of Palaemon dacqueti Sunier, 1925 (a male specimen from Java, Indonesia, in the Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum, Leiden, catalogue number RMNH D 1065), as its neotype. This would conserve the name Palaemon rosenbergii De Man, 1879, for the Southeast Asian species. The Commission agreed and ruled that this be done (ICZN 2010, Opinion 2253).
Notes on the genus Ceruchus MacLeay from China, with the description of a new species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Lucanidae)
Authors: HUANG HAO , IMURA YÛKI , CHEN CHANG-CHIN
Published: February 2019

The taxonomy is reviewed for most Chinese species of Ceruchus. New localities are recorded for Ceruchus minor Tanikado & Okuda. Ceruchus yangi Huang, Imura & Chen, sp. nov. is described from Guizhou, China. Morphological characters of most species from China and Japan are studied and summarized into tables. Female genitalia of seven species of Ceruchus are described and illustrated for the first time. A key to males of the Palaearctic species and a key to females of the Chinese and Japanese species are provided. Natural history notes are given for some species from China.
A new Australian species of Chasmia Enderlein (Diptera: Tabanidae: Diachlorini), a genus newly recorded from Australia
Authors: DANIELS GREG
Published: February 2019

A new species of horse fly, Chasmia queenslandensis sp. n., the first representative of the genus from Australia, is described from Cape York Peninsula, Queensland. A key to the Australian diachlorine genera is presented.
Two large squat lobsters of the superfamily Chirostyloidea (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura) from the Ryukyu Islands, southwestern Japan, with description of a new species of the genus Eumunida Smith, 1883
Authors: OSAWA MASAYUKI , HIGASHIJI TAKUO
Published: February 2019

Two species of the chirostyloid families Sternostylidae and Eumunididae, Sternostylus investigatoris (Alcock & Anderson, 1899) and Eumunida balteipes n. sp., are reported on the basis of material collected from deep waters off Kume Island, Ryukyu Islands, southwestern Japan. Sternostylus investigatoris is recorded for the first time and is the second species of the genus from Japanese waters. Eumunida balteipes n. sp. is morphologically closest to E. sternomaculata de Saint Laurent & Macpherson, 1990, but the armature of the thoracic sternite 3 and P1 palm distinguishes the two species.
A new species of Dibamus Duméril & Bibron, 1839 (Squamata: Dibamidae) from Pulau Manado Tua, Northern Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: KOPPETSCH THORE , BÖHME WOLFGANG , KOCH ANDRÉ
Published: February 2019

Based on three adult specimens, viz. two males and a female that form the type series, a new species of blind or worm-like lizards is described from Pulau (= Island) Manado Tua, a little volcanic island located off the northern tip of the Minahassa Peninsula of Sulawesi, Indonesia. Dibamus manadotuaensis sp. nov. differs from all congeneric species in the following unique combination of characters: maximum snout-vent length 135 mm; tail length up to 14.2 mm (i.e., 12–13% of SVL); labial and nasal sutures present and complete; four (three) postoculars; four to six scales on posterior edge of infralabial; 26–28 midbody scale rows; 30–33 transverse scale rows posterior to head; 25 transverse scale rows anterior to vent; 218–232 ventral scales; 39 subcaudal scales; relative size of frontal to frontonasal 0.68–0.73; relative size of interparietal to surrounding scales 0.67–1.43; 132–135 presacral and 21–24 postsacral vertebrae. Morphologically, D. manadotuaensis is most similar to D. celebensis, which occurs on mainland Sulawesi.Dibamus manadotuaensis sp. nov. represents the twenty-fourth species of Dibamus and the third species of this genus recorded from the Sulawesi region. At the same time, it is the only squamate species considered endemic for the islands of the Bunaken Marine National Park, to which Manado Tua belongs.
Gammaropsis elvirae sp. nov., a widely distributed amphipod (Amphipoda: Photidae) in the Yucatan Shelf, with ecological comments and a key for the genus in tropical America
Authors: PAZ-RÍOS CARLOS E. , PECH DANIEL
Published: February 2019

Gammaropsis elvirae sp. nov. is described and illustrated here, as a new species of the family Photidae Boeck, 1871, occurring on sites widely distributed in the soft-sediment habitats from the Yucatan shelf, southern Gulf of Mexico. This new species differs from all other congeners by a unique set of characteristics: lateral cephalic lobes rounded; outer lobes of lower lip with one cone on each lobe; gnathopod 1 propodus longer than carpus; gnathopod 2 propodus enlarged with small convoluted processes on posterior margin and palmar angle undefined; gnathopod 2 dactylus short, less than one half in length of propodus; dense setation on basis, carpus, and propodus of gnathopod 2; epimeral plates 1–3 rounded; inner ramus of uropods 1–3 longer than outer ramus; and telson emarginated. Ecological comments on spatial distribution and associated environmental variables are included, as well an identification key to the genus in tropical America.
The Nyquist Issue in Linear Inverse Modeling
Authors: Penland Cécile
Published: February 2019

Linear inverse modeling (LIM) is a statistical technique based on covariance statistics that estimates the best-fit linear Markov process to a multivariate time series. An integral, often-ignored part of the technique is a test of whether or not the linear assumptions are valid. One test for linearity is the so-called tau test. While this test can be trusted when it passes, it sometimes fails when it ought to pass. In this article, we discuss one of the reasons for spurious failure, the “Nyquist issue,” which occurs when the lagged covariance matrix used in the analysis is numerically performed at a lag greater than or nearly equal to half the period of a natural mode of variability represented in the time series. As an illustration relevant to a system with many degrees of freedom, but simple enough to solve analytically, we consider a four-dimensional system consisting of two modal pairs. Within this framework, we suggest one solution that can be applied if the time series are long enough. It is hoped that awareness of this issue can prevent misinterpretation of LIM results.
The Other Parent: An Exploratory Survey of Providers’ Engagement of Fathers in Pediatric Primary Care
Authors: Allport Brandon S. , Solomon Barry S. , Johnson Sara B.
Published: February 2019

Although father engagement in pediatric care is associated with positive child health outcomes, pediatric primary care providers (PCPs) often focus on the mother-child dyad. This study sought to characterize pediatric PCPs’ engagement of fathers in care. Pediatric PCPs affiliated with an academic health system were invited to complete an online survey. The primary outcome was the proportion of providers who routinely implement American Academy of Pediatrics recommendations for father engagement. There were 100 respondents. Of the 23 recommended practices for engaging fathers, 18 were routinely implemented by <50% of respondents. The least routinely implemented practices were parenting skills support (4%) and perinatal depression screening (5%). The most commonly endorsed barriers included lack of father attendance at visits (91%) and time constraints (75%). Despite the American Academy of Pediatrics recommendations, pediatric PCPs do not routinely engage fathers in care. Effective strategies are needed to reduce barriers and improve father engagement among pediatric providers.
Between East and West? East Germany’s Employment System in a Dynamic Comparison
Authors: Kirchner Stefan
Published: February 2019

This article investigates how working conditions in East Germany differ from those in West Germany as well as from those among its Central and Eastern European (CEE) neighbors (Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland). Building on repeated International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) survey data (1989, 1997, 2005, and 2015), the author compares key elements of East Germany’s employment system with West Germany and its CEE neighbors over time. The results show that, initially, East Germany’s conditions resembled a logic reflecting the need for economic survival that was distinct from West Germany and from the emerging general patterns of its CEE neighbors. By 2015, East and West German working conditions nearly converge. This article develops and extends the employment system approach to address situations of transformation and substantial institutional change, and contributes to the ongoing debate on regional diversity in Germany’s economy.
How to SHIFT Consumer Behaviors to be More Sustainable: A Literature Review and Guiding Framework
Authors: White Katherine , Habib Rishad , Hardisty David J.
Published: February 2019

Highlighting the important role of marketing in encouraging sustainable consumption, the current research presents a review of the academic literature from marketing and behavioral science that examines the most effective ways to shift consumer behaviors to be more sustainable. In the process of the review, the authors develop a comprehensive framework for conceptualizing and encouraging sustainable consumer behavior change. The framework is represented by the acronym SHIFT, and it proposes that consumers are more inclined to engage in pro-environmental behaviors when the message or context leverages the following psychological factors: Social influence, Habit formation, Individual self, Feelings and cognition, and Tangibility. The authors also identify five broad challenges to encouraging sustainable behaviors and use these to develop novel theoretical propositions and directions for future research. Finally, the authors outline how practitioners aiming to encourage sustainable consumer behaviors can use this framework.
Effects of Psychoeducation and Stress Coping Techniques on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms
Authors: Mughairbi Fadwa Al , Abdulaziz Alnajjar Ahmed , Hamid Abdalla
Published: February 2019

This study examined the effects of psychoeducation and stress management techniques on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms in Libya. The 41 Libyan patients who volunteered to take part in the study were first assessed using the PTSD Checklist. They attended workshops on PTSD symptoms, stress management techniques, and communication skills on three successive days after which they were asked to answer the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations two weeks after they completed the workshops. Among the 39% of the participants who were diagnosed with PTSD prior to the intervention, 15% met the diagnostic criteria for PTSD after the intervention. The preintervention scores were consistently higher than the postintervention scores, and there were significant differences in the PTSD Checklist total score and the re-experiencing, avoidance, and hyperarousal symptom scores. This study concluded that in mass-trauma events such as war and natural disasters, PTSD education can reduce the PTSD symptoms of those affected. Whether the benefits of psychoeducation on the participants are long term or short term is recommended for further study due to the limitations imposed by the willingness of the participants to participate, the amount of time they are willing to stay with the program, and the duration of the psychoeducation program itself.
Understanding studentification dynamics in low-income neighbourhoods: Students as gentrifiers in Concepción (Chile)
Authors: Prada José
Published: February 2019

The studentification of neighbourhoods in university towns is a topic addressed in several studies, together with its varied effects. However, there are no contributions to this issue from the Latin American sphere, where the increase in the student population in recent decades constitutes one of the main sociodemographic changes of the region. This article analyses and interprets the changes produced in a marginal area, the neighbourhood of Agüita de la Perdiz (Concepción, Chile), as a consequence of the arrival of university students. From the application of a methodology that combines the use of quantitative and qualitative data, results obtained confirm the existence of some transformations similar to other case studies, together with other particular ones, explainable by the socially peripheral character and the informal origin of the neighbourhood analysed. Likewise, the quality of the Chilean university system would suppose segregation between students with more or less resources at the time for looking at lodging, so the profile of the students who stay in the neighbourhood is well defined. The conclusions indicate an emerging type of gentrification whose trigger was the arrival of students; an improving of the image of the neighbourhood is also observed in parallel to a deterioration of neighbourhood links. The study of this case contributes with new elements on the varied and dynamic effects of studentification in ‘peripheral’ urban contexts.
A perfectionist basic structure
Authors: Ferdman Avigail
Published: February 2019

When philosophers talk about perfectionism, it is usually as a view of well-being, of developing characteristically human capacities. Yet perfectionism can also be a normative account of what we owe to each other. This article argues that perfectionists have reason to endorse a perfectionist basic structure such that enables persons to develop and exercise their human capacities in meaningful ways. This basic structure has two complementary features: First, it enables a diversity of life experiences. Second, it provides a spatial opportunity structure that creates open-minded environments. Absent these features, rich or lucky individuals gain an unfair advantage in the sphere of opportunities for developing their capacities in meaningful ways.
The experiences and needs of primary family caregivers of patients with multiple myeloma: A qualitative analysis
Authors: Quiñoa-Salanova Carmen , Porta-Sales Josep , Monforte-Royo Cristina , Edo-Gual Montserrat
Published: February 2019

Background:

Family caregivers play a key role in the lives of patients with multiple myeloma. However, very little is known about the impact that the disease (its diagnosis, course and prognosis) has on the main family caregiver.

Aim:

To achieve a deeper understanding of the lived experience of individuals who are the primary caregiver of a relative with multiple myeloma and to shed light on their needs.

Design:

Interpretative phenomenological study.

Setting and participants:

A total of 12 individuals who were the main family caregivers of a relative with multiple myeloma who was under outpatient follow-up at a cancer unit in Barcelona were recruited via purposive sampling until data saturation was reached. In semi-structured in-depth interviews, participants described their experiences of caring for their relative with multiple myeloma. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and analysed using ATLAS.ti v7.2. The seven steps proposed by Colaizzi were used for data analysis, and the relationships among emerging themes were examined.

Findings:

Four main themes emerged: (a) a new life, adapting to the disease, (b) commitment to the patient, (c) the emotional sphere and (d) experiences in relation to the care and support received. The analysis also revealed a core overarching theme: uncertainty.

Conclusion:

Primary family caregivers experienced intense uncertainty, and they described a strong need to air their feelings. Specific practical initiatives, targeting both health-related and logistical aspects of care, need to be developed in order to support family caregivers of myeloma patients.
Experimental pediatric stroke shows age-specific recovery of cognition and role of hippocampal Nogo-A receptor signaling
Authors: Orfila James E , Dietz Robert M , Rodgers Krista M , Dingman Andra , Patsos Olivia P , Cruz-Torres Ivelisse , Grewal Himmat , Strnad Frank , Schroeder Christian , Herson Paco S
Published: February 2019

Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of death worldwide and clinical data suggest that children may recover from stroke better than adults; however, supporting experimental data are lacking. We used our novel mouse model of experimental juvenile ischemic stroke (MCAO) to characterize age-specific cognitive dysfunction following ischemia. Juvenile and adult mice subjected to 45-min MCAO, and extracellular field recordings of CA1 neurons were performed to assess hippocampal synaptic plasticity changes after MCAO, and contextual fear conditioning was performed to evaluate memory and biochemistry used to analyze Nogo-A expression. Juvenile mice showed impaired synaptic plasticity seven days after MCAO, followed by full recovery by 30 days. Memory behavior was consistent with synaptic impairments and recovery after juvenile MCAO. Nogo-A expression increased in ipsilateral hippocampus seven days after MCAO compared to contralateral and sham hippocampus. Further, inhibition of Nogo-A receptors reversed MCAO-induced synaptic impairment in slices obtained seven days after juvenile MCAO. Adult MCAO-induced impairment of LTP was not associated with increased Nogo-A. This study demonstrates that stroke causes functional impairment in the hippocampus and recovery of behavioral and synaptic function is more robust in the young brain. Nogo-A receptor activity may account for the impairments seen following juvenile ischemic injury.
The stromal cell-derived factor-1 α (SDF-1α)/cysteine-X-cysteine chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) axis: a possible prognostic indicator of acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Huang Xianjun , Wan Mei , Yang Qian , Ding Xianhui , Zhou Zhiming
Published: February 2019

Objective

The stromal cell-derived factor-1α/cysteine-X-cysteine chemokine receptor 4 (SDF-1α/CXCR4) axis promotes neuroprotection and angiogenesis in animal studies. Few studies have investigated the potential clinical implications of the SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). We evaluated the prognostic values of the SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis in patients with proximal middle cerebral artery occlusion.

Methods

Fifty-five patients and 18 age- and sex-matched volunteers were enrolled. Baseline clinical characteristics and risk factors of stroke were recorded. Peripheral whole blood cells were double stained with anti-CD34 and anti-CXCR4 (CD184). CD34+CXCR4+ cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. Plasma SDF-1α levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results

In the AIS group, plasma SDF-1α levels and the number of circulating CD34+CXCR4+ cells were significantly higher than those in controls. Day 1 SDF-1α levels were negatively correlated with infarct volume (r = −0.521) and the initial National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score (r = −0.489). SDF-1α levels (day 1: r = −0.514; day 3: r = −0.275; day 7: r = −0.375) and circulating CD34+CXCR4+ cells (day 7: r = −0.282) were inversely associated with the 90-day modified Rankin Scale score.

Conclusion

The SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis has potential applications for predicting the clinical outcome of AIS.
Bilateral cerebral infarction associated with severe arteriosclerosis in the A1 segment: a case report
Authors: Lin Jing , Xian Wenbiao , Lai Rong , Li Jiaoxing , Wang Yufang , Sun Xunsha , Sheng Wenli
Published: February 2019

Large artery atherosclerosis and cardioembolism are the two major subtypes of ischemic stroke. We herein describe a 75-year-old man with acute complete cerebral infarction in the typical territories of the bilateral anterior cerebral artery (ACA) and left middle cerebral artery. Brain magnetic resonance angiography showed that the right A1 segment of the ACA was affected by severe arteriosclerosis and that the right ACA other than the A1 segment was compensated by the left ACA through the anterior communicating artery. Acute cardioembolism only occluded the left anterior circulation but simultaneously blocked the right ACA due to decompensation. We presume that the bilateral cerebral infarctions were caused by chronic atherosclerosis and acute cardioembolism.
Idiopathic cervical spinal subdural haematoma: a case report and literature review
Authors: Wang Bingjin , Liu Weifang , Zeng Xianlin
Published: February 2019

This report describes a case of idiopathic cervical spinal subdural haematoma (SSDH) in which the haematoma was spontaneously absorbed without any treatment. A 68-year-old male patient presented with persistent neck pain and no obvious cause. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a space-occupying lesion at the C4–T1 levels. The lesion was initially misdiagnosed as a tumour. An operation was arranged to remove the tumour, but a preoperative computed tomography scan showed no obvious abnormal soft tissue density in the cervical spinal canal. Repeat enhanced MRI showed degeneration of the cervical vertebrae, but no obvious abnormal soft tissue density and no obvious enhanced signals in the cervical spinal canal. Spontaneous resolution of an idiopathic cervical SSDH was considered. Idiopathic cervical SSDH without obvious neurological symptoms are difficult to diagnose, so suspected cases should be carefully monitored. If the neurological symptoms grow progressively more debilitating with time, emergency surgery might need to be considered. To avoid unnecessary surgery, conservative management should be an option for patients with minimal neurological deficits and re-examination with MRI could be the best way to observe the dynamic changes taking place in the idiopathic cervical SSDH.
Research on the Classification of Air Route Intersections in the Airspace of China
Authors: Wang Lili , Wang Wanle , Wei Fang , Hu Yakun
Published: February 2019

As the intersecting points of crossing traffic flows, air route intersections are the major bottlenecks in the world’s airspace due to restricted airspace and rapid growth of air traffic. In order to reduce controller workload and maintain traffic safety, air traffic operation units in China devised the idea of “overpasses” at busy intersections. The basic idea is to strategically separate flows of aircraft on intersecting routes vertically by allocating distinct flight levels to them. In practice, aircraft are required to maintain an agreed flight level en route long before they cross the intersection. With more and more “overpasses” being established, the available airspace is becoming more restricted, the result of which is a drop in the overall airspace efficiency. Therefore, the air traffic management community would benefit from a quantification indicator to determine whether an overpass should be established at a particular intersection. In this paper, such an indicator—a classification index—is proposed for air route intersections based on the calculated intersection complexity and collision risk. Additionally, according to the calculation results of the classification index for typical intersections in Chinese airspace, an intersection classification system is presented, which can serve as guidance for the establishment of overpasses in the future. A case study is provided to demonstrate the working of the system. The proposed intersection classification method should help decision makers better understand the operation characteristics of intersections in Chinese airspace and make informed decisions to balance workload and efficiency.
Simulating Airline Behavior: Application for the Australian Domestic Market
Authors: Doyme Khan , Dray Lynnette , O’Sullivan Aidan , Schäfer Andreas
Published: February 2019

This paper demonstrates the ability of a model, which simulates competition between airlines in a domestic aviation market, to accurately reproduce real-world behavior. The Australian market was chosen as a test case as it is a geographically isolated region with significant demand and complexity, including one of the busiest routes in the world, where connecting international passengers do not significantly skew the market. The model is based on an n-player noncooperative game, in which each airline represents a player within the game. The primary assumption is that each airline attempts to maximize profits by adjusting the decision variables of airfares, flight frequency, and choice of aircraft on routes within its network. The approach works iteratively, allowing each airline to respond to the decisions made by other airlines during each successive optimization. The model is said to reach convergence when there is no significant change in any airline’s profit from one iteration to the next. Once this occurs, the predictions of each airline’s decision variables can be compared with real data. The model gives highly detailed predictions of airline specific airfares, flight frequencies on segments, passenger flows, and airline market share, which strongly correlate with observed values.
Application of a Purified Protein From Natural Latex and the Influence of Suture Type on Achilles Tendon Repair in Rats
Authors: Cury Diego Pulzatto , Schäfer Bárbara Tavares , de Almeida Sonia Regina Yokomizo , Righetti Marta Maria da Silva , Watanabe Ii-sei
Published: February 2019

Background:

The prolonged tendon-healing process, the high costs associated with treatment, the increase in the number of injuries over the past decades, and the lack of consensus on the optimal treatment of tendon injuries are a global problem. Restoring the normal tendon anatomy and decreasing the healing time are key factors for treatment advancement.

Hypothesis:

Application of a purified protein from natural latex (PPNL) accelerates the healing process, increasing collagen synthesis and decreasing metalloproteinases. PPNL associated with a simpler suture technique should decrease the healing time.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Injury, surgery, and treatment with PPNL were conducted with male Sprague-Dawley rats. Two suture techniques were used: U-suture, a simpler and lesser traumatic technique, and Kessler-Tajima, to avoid strangulation of the microcirculation. Achilles tendons were completely sectioned, and 100 µL of 0.1% PPNL was applied on the tendon during surgery. Tendon morphology, distribution, and quantity of collagen types I and III, as well as expression of TIMP-1, TIMP-2, MMP-2, and MMP-9 and ultrastructural aspects of cells and collagen fibrils, were assessed after 2 and 4 weeks.

Results:

PPNL treatment improved collagen type I synthesis and reduced MMP-2 expression. All groups showed a 6.8-times increase in tendon weight as compared with the control group after 2 weeks and a 5.2-times increase after 4 weeks. All groups showed an increase in diameter after 4 weeks, except for the ones treated with PPNL, which showed a slight reduction in diameter. The peak of concentration of collagen fibrils with a 80-nm diameter was 27.79% in the control group; all other experimental groups presented fibrils between 50 and 60 nm. However, the best results were observed with Kessler-Tajima suture associated with PPNL.

Conclusion/Clinical Relevance:

There are no known medicines or substances capable of aiding the tendon healing process besides surgery. The discovery of a substance able to improve this process and decrease its duration represents an important advancement in orthopaedic medicine.
Beyond a socio-centric concept of culture: Johann Arnason's macro-phenomenology and critique of sociological solipsism
Authors: Adams Suzi
Published: February 2019

This essay unpacks Johann Arnason’s theory of culture. It argues that the culture problematic remains the needle’s eye through which Arnason’s intellectual project must be understood, his recent shift to foreground the interplay of culture and power (as the religio-political nexus) notwithstanding. Arnason’s approach to culture is foundational to his articulation of the human condition, which is articulated here as the interaction of a historical cultural hermeneutics and a macro-phenomenology of the world as a shared horizon. The essay discusses Arnason’s elucidation of his theory of culture as a contribution to debates on the ‘meaning of meaning’. It traces its beginnings from his critique of Habermas’s theory of modernity to its development via a trialogue with Max Weber, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, and Cornelius Castoriadis. It argues that Arnason's theory of culture moves beyond socio-centric perspectives, and, in so doing, offers a critique of what we might call sociological solipsism. In decentring society/anthropos, a more nuanced understanding of the human condition as a unity in diversity is achieved. The essay concludes with a discussion of some tensions in Arnason’s understanding of culture, and argues for the importance for incorporating a qualitative notion of ‘movement’ in order to make sense of historical novelty and social change.
In vitro inhibition of tumor growth by low-dose iron oxide nanoparticles activating macrophages
Authors: Zhang Ling , Tan Shengwei , Liu Yingxun , Xie Hongmei , Luo Binhua , Wang Jinke
Published: February 2019

Macrophages as immunocyte are attracting more and more attention in cancer therapy. Our previous study observed that dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA)-coated Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles triggered comprehensive immune responses of mouse macrophages (RAW264.7 cells) and induced production of many kinds of cytokines. This study investigated the effects of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles on RAW264.7 cells proliferation, migration, and inhibition of tumor growth in vitro. Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles had an average size of about 11 nm with good dispersibility and uniformity. Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles internalized efficiently into RAW264.7 cells. Through Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) detection, the proliferation of RAW264.7 cells significantly increased by the low-dose Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (50 µg/mL) treatment. The results of wound-healing and Transwell assays both displayed a significant promotion of the RAW264.7 cells migratory capability compared with control group ( P<0.01). It is interesting to find that a large number of proliferated RAW264.7 cells were activated to surround quickly and attack mouse liver cancer cell (Hepa1-6) cells by Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles. The growth of Hepa1-6 cells was effectively inhibited according to microscope imaging and flow cytometry analysis. The inhibition may be cooperative effects of RAW264.7 cells proliferation, migration, and immune activation. The results suggest potential clinical value of low-dose iron oxide nanomaterials in cancer therapy.
Optimal scheduling algorithm in point merge system including holding pattern based on mixed-integer linear programming
Authors: Lee Somang , Hong Youkyung , Kim Youdan
Published: February 2019

An optimal scheduling algorithm of the point merge system that considers a holding pattern is presented based on mixed-integer linear programming. The route structure of the point merge system is constructed by adopting virtual fixes, and appropriate constraints are included to integrate a holding pattern into the formulation of point merge system. The performance of the proposed point merge system holding algorithm is demonstrated by comparing with the point merge system and first-come first-served algorithms via Monte Carlo simulation. Simulation reveals that the point merge system holding algorithm shows the best performance in terms of delay reduction and intervention rate by air traffic controllers. The proposed point merge system holding algorithm is expected to assist human air traffic controllers as a decision support tool.
Flow visualization and mechanisms of three-electrode sliding discharge plasma actuator
Authors: Zheng Borui , Chen Jie , Ge Chang , Ke Xizheng , Liang Hua
Published: February 2019

The unsteady flow characteristics induced by a three-electrode sliding discharge plasma actuator under different actuation modes were analyzed by ensemble averaged and phase-locked particle image velocimetry. The discharge morphologies, voltage–current waveforms, and particle image velocimetry data in continuous mode were compared to clarify the performance modification mechanism of the pulsed three-electrode sliding discharge. The particle image velocimetry results revealed that deformation of the electromagnetic field around the additional electrode caused by applying a high DC voltage triggers changes in the induced flow field. When the three-electrode sliding discharge plasma actuator is actuated in continuous mode, a strong accelerated wall jet and homogeneous discharge region covering the whole gap between the two exposed electrodes are generated. The large discharge extension mainly results from the accelerated drift of positive ion particles created during the positive half cycle, while negatively ionized particles have a significantly larger impact on the induced velocity production process. In the pulsed mode, when a positive high DC voltage ( VDC = 18 kV) is applied to the additional electrode, both the size and magnitude of the induced vortex structures increase, and highly accelerated regions are periodically generated. When V DC = −18 kV, the induced velocity field evens out, the accelerated region becomes less obvious, the intensity of both the primary and secondary vortices decreases, and the vortex structure dissipates faster, owing to the turbulent motion of ionized particles. An additional positive DC component attracts the negatively ionized particles during the negative half cycle, improving the velocity and intensity of the stream-wise vortices, which is very attractive for flow control applications.
Counter-rotation vortex flows and heat transfer mechanisms in a V-spirally-corrugated tube
Authors: Eiamsa-ard S , Promthaisong P
Published: February 2019

The flow and heat transfer behavior of newly designed V-corrugated tubes with various numbers of starts ( N = 2, 3, 4, and 5), depth ratios ( DR = 0.02–0.14), and pitch ratios ( PR = 1.0–2.0) were studied in the turbulent flow region (5000 ≤  Re ≤ 20,000). The friction factor ( f), friction factor ratio ( f/ f0), Nusselt number ( Nu), Nusselt number ratio ( Nu/ Nu0), and thermal enhancement factor ( TEF) values are reported. The computational results indicate that the conventional spirally-corrugated tube create swirl flows while V-corrugated tubes generate a counter-rotating vortex flow that impinges upon the lower zone of the tubes and enhances fluid transfer between tube core and near-wall regions. The results also show that the f, Nu, f/ f0, Nu/ Nu0 monotonically increase with decreasing PR, increasing DR and N, while the TEF is dependent on a tradeoff between f/ f0 and Nu/ Nu0. Over the studied range, the f/ f0, Nu/ Nu0, and TEF were in the ranges of 1.36–43.82, 1.00–5.35, and 0.80–2.11, respectively. The maximum TEF, 2.11, was achieved with a V-corrugated tube with an N of 4, DR of 0.06, and PR of 2.0 at Re = 5000.
Impact of Media Advertisements on Consumer Behaviour
Authors: Sama Ramzan
Published: February 2019

Marketers invest in various media platforms to influence consumer behaviour (CB). Advertisement on every media platform has a different composition that engages the consumers in a distinct way. Digitalization has led to changes in consumers’ media habits. Hence, a deeper understanding of advertisements on different media platforms and its implications on CB need to be established. This article focuses on the effects of television (TV), radio, newspapers, magazines and the Internet advertisements on awareness (AWR), interest (INT), conviction (CON), purchase (PUR) and post-purchase (PPUR) behaviour of consumers. The online survey method was utilized for the study. Data were collected from 529 respondents comprising students in India. Statistical tools such as Cronbach alpha, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and Kruskal–Wallis (K–W) test were used to analyse the collected data. The results indicate that newspapers advertisements affect all the five stages of CB. The impact of TV and the Internet for creating AWR, INT and CON among the consumers is statistically evident. The results also revealed that magazines and newspapers are effective media in influencing PUR and PPUR behaviour of consumers. Advertising managers can take a cue from this research and enhance the objectivity of advertisements by investing in appropriate media.
Off-label versus on-label prescribing of oral oncology agents on time to receipt of medication in patients with soft tissue sarcoma
Authors: Tran Victor , Latour Emile , Palumbo Alison
Published: February 2019

Purpose

Off-label prescribing of oral oncology agents has been explored in the treatment of soft tissue sarcoma. The time for a prior authorization approval or rejection for an off-label use can be lengthy. The purpose of this study is to capture this burden by comparing the time it takes for patients to receive off-label versus on-label treatment for their soft tissue sarcoma.

Patients and methods

In this retrospective chart review study, patients aged 18 and older who received a new prescription for an oral oncology agent for soft tissue sarcoma from one of three sarcoma providers at Oregon Health & Science University oncology clinics between March 2014 and February 2016 were included. Objectives included comparing the effect of off-label to on-label prescribing of oral oncology agents on time to receipt of medication and patient copays for a 30-day supply of oral chemotherapy agent(s).

Results

The time to receipt of medication (median (IQR)) for the off-label group (N = 26) was 12.5 (3.3 to 30.8) days compared to the on-label group (N = 29), which was 8.0 (4.0 to 15.0) days (p = 0.327). The patient cost was $0.00 ($0.00 to $20.00) for the off-label group (N = 18) compared to $3.00 ($0.00 to $68.80) for the on-label group (N = 18) (p = 0.467).

Conclusions

There were no differences in the time to receipt of medication or patient cost between off-label and on-label prescriptions in soft tissue sarcoma patients. Despite lack of statistical significance, these results are meaningful to patient care and require further study to investigate these findings.
Superior migration of the femoral head in patients with severe hip osteoarthritis influences the gait patterns of the coronal plane
Authors: Tazawa Masayuki , Kurosaki Minori , Inoue Tomotaka , Ibe Yoko , Kobayashi Hiroki , Kitagawa Takanori , Chikuda Hirotaka , Wada Naoki
Published: February 2019

Introduction:

Patients with hip osteoarthritis (OA) show abnormal movement patterns, including the leaning of the trunk toward the affected limb (Duchenne limp). Patients with severe OA, especially those with OA due to hip dysplasia, show a lateral pelvic drop (Trendelenburg sign).

Aim:

The aim of this preoperative study is to investigate the relationship between superior migration of the arthritic femoral head, pain, and hip abductor muscle strength, and to clarify the relationship between the coronal plane gait patterns with pain and hip abductor muscle strength.

Methods:

The subjects of this study were 18 patients with unilateral hip OA secondary to dysplasia. A radiographic analysis was performed on standardised anteroposterior pelvis films. The abductor muscle strength of the OA hip joint was measured with a handheld dynamometer. The tilt angle of the pelvis and trunk lean angle during gait were obtained using a 3-dimensional motion analysis system. Visual analogue scale (VAS) of pain was obtained after trial.

Results:

The 2 lateral pelvic angle patterns at the mid-stance of the affected limb during gait were detected. 1 is a pattern that was pelvic rise, and the other was a contralateral pelvic drop. Subjects with pelvic drop showed more superior femoral migration than that with pelvic rise (r = 0.69 p < 0.01). VAS of pain correlate significantly with coronal trunk angle on mid-stance of affected limb during gait (r = 0.761, p < 0.01).

Conclusion:

The pelvic drop Trendelenburg sign was influenced by superior migration of the femoral head, whereas the trunk lean Duchenne limp was found to be affected by pain.