bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parent Perceived Barriers and Facilitators of Children’s Adventurous Play in Britain: A Framework Analysis
Authors: Oliver Brooke E. , Nesbit Rachel J. , McCloy Rachel , Harvey Kate , Dodd Helen F.
Published: January 2022

Background: From a public health perspective there is growing interest in children’s play, including play involving risk and adventure, in relation to children’s physical and mental health. Regarding mental health, it is theorised that adventurous play, where children experience thrilling, exciting emotions, offers important learning opportunities that prepare children for dealing with uncertainty and help prevent anxiety. Despite these benefits, adventurous play has decreased substantially within a generation. Parents have a key role in facilitating or limiting children’s opportunities for adventurous play, but research identifying the barriers and facilitators parents perceive in relation to adventurous play is scarce. The present study therefore examined the barriers to and facilitators of adventurous play as perceived by parents of school-aged children in Britain. Methods: This study analysed data from a subsample of parents in Britain (n=377) who participated in the nationally representative British Children’s Play Survey. Parents responded to two open-ended questions pertaining to the barriers to and facilitators of children’s adventurous play. Responses were analysed using a Framework Analysis, an approach suitable for managing large datasets with specific research questions. Results: Four framework categories were identified: Social Environment; Physical Environment; Risk of Injury; Child Factors. Social Environment included barriers and facilitators related to parents, family and peers as well as community and society. Dominant themes related to perceptions about the certainty of child safety, such as supervision and the safety of society. Beliefs about the benefits of adventurous play for development and well-being were important facilitators. Physical Environment factors focused on safety and practical issues. Risk of Injury captured concerns about children being injured during play. Child Factors included child attributes, such as play preference, developmental ability and trait-like characteristics. Conclusions: Improved understanding of what influences parent perceptions of adventurous play can inform public health interventions designed to improve children’s opportunities for and engagement in adventurous play, with a view to promote children’s physical and mental health.
The Effects of Exercise Therapy Moderated by Sex in Rehabilitation of COVID-19
Authors: Rausch Linda Katharina , Puchner Bernhard , Fuchshuber Jürgen , Seebacher Barbara , Löffler-Ragg Judith , Pramsohler Stephan , Netzer Nikolaus C. , Faulhaber Martin
Published: January 2022

BackgroundPulmonary rehabilitation serves as a key component in the recovery of COVID-19 and standardized exercise therapy programs in pulmonary rehabilitation have been shown to significantly improve physical performance and lung function parameters in post-acute COVID-19 patients. However, it has not been investigated if these positive effects are equally beneficial for both sexes, especially considering a more severe physical impact of COVID-19 in men when compared to women. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze outcomes of a pulmonary rehabilitation program with respect to sex differences, in order to identify sex-specific pulmonary rehabilitation requirements.MethodsData of 233 patients (40.4% females) were analyzed before and after a three-week standardized pulmonary rehabilitation program. Patients were admitted to rehabilitation due to post-acute COVID-19 illness and staged using the COVID-19 Severity Scale by Huang et al. (2021). Lung function parameters were assessed as part of the clinical routine using spirometry (ICmax, maximal inspiratory capacity) and body plethysmography (FVC, forced vital capacity; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in the first second) and functional exercise capacity was measured by the Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT). For the comparison of lung function and walking parameters by sex, Welch-ANOVA was used, as results of Levene's test suggested significant heteroscedasticity regarding the investigated parameters (p > 0.05). When comparing post-treatment 6MWT, FEV1 and FCV to corresponding reference values, paired t-tests were used.ResultsAt post-rehabilitation, ICmax, FVC, FEV1 and 6MWT has been improved in both sexes. Females showed a significantly smaller improvement in FEV1 and ICmax (F = 5.86, ω2 = .02; p < 0.05) than males. There was no statistically significant difference in FVC and 6MWT performance improvements between men and women. After the rehabilitation stay, females made greater progress towards reference values of 6MWT (T(231) = -3.04; p < 0.01) and FEV1 (T(231) = 2.83; p < 0.01) than males.ConclusionsSex differences in the improvement of lung function parameters seem to exist when completing a three-week pulmonary rehabilitation program and should be considered when personalizing standardized exercise therapies in pulmonary rehabilitation.Trial registrationthis study was registered in the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00026936) on 2021/10/19.
Very Low Incidence of HIV-infection and Decreasing Incidence of STI Among PrEP Users in 2020 After Introduction of Health Insurance Coverage in Germany
Authors: Schmidt Daniel , Kollan Christian , Bartmeyer Barbara , Bremer Viviane , Schikowski Tim , Friebe Martin , Schellberg Sven , Scholten Stefan , Bickel Markus , Hanhoff Nikola , Rüsenberg Robin , Schewe Knud
Published: January 2022

IntroductionObjectives of this study, as part of a nation-wide HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) evaluation project, were to determine the incidence and prevalence of infections with HIV, Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, Syphilis, Hepatitis A/B/C in persons using PrEP, and to describe the health care funded PrEP use in Germany. Additionally, factors associated with Chlamydia/Gonorrhea and Syphilis infections were assessed.MethodsAnonymous data of PrEP users were collected at HIV-specialty centers from 09/2019-12/2020. Incidence rates were calculated per 100 person years (py). Logistic regression was used to analyze risk factors associated with sexually transmitted infections (STIs).Results4620 PrEP users were included: 99.2% male, median age 38 years (IQR 32-45), PrEP indication 98.6% men who have sex with men (MSM). Duration of PrEP use were 5132 py; median duration 451 days (IQR 357-488).Four HIV infections were diagnosed, incidence rate 0,078/100py (95% CI 0.029-0.208). For two suboptimal adherence was reported and in the third case suboptimal adherence and resistance to emtricitabine was observed. One infection was likely acquired before PrEP start.Incidence rates were 21.6/100py for Chlamydia, 23.7/100py for Gonorrhea, 10.1/100py for Syphilis and 55.4/100py for any STI and decreased significantly. 65.5% of Syphilis, 55.6% of Chlamydia and 50.1% of Gonorrhea cases were detected by screening of asymptomatic individuals. In a multivariable analysis among MSM younger age, PrEP start before health insurance coverage and daily PrEP were associated with greater risk for Chlamydia/Gonorrhea. Symptom triggered testing and a history of STI were associated with a higher risk for Chlamydia/Gonorrhea and Syphilis.ConclusionsWe found that HIV-PrEP is almost exclusively used by MSM in Germany. A very low incidence of HIV-infection and decreasing incidence rates of STIs were found in this cohort of PrEP users. The results were likely influenced by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Rollout of PrEP covered by health insurance should be continued to prevent HIV infections. Increased PrEP availability to people at risk of HIV infection through the elimination of barriers requires further attention. Investigation and monitoring with a longer follow-up would be of value.
Enhancing the radiological classification system from the distal femur to the proximal tibia
Authors: de Matteo Vincenzo , Forero Felipe , Busch Sophia Marlene , Linke Philip , Wilhelm Peter , Rademacher Kristof , Gehrke Thorsten , Citak Mustafa
Published: January 2022

Introduction The inner diaphyseal diameter of the distal femur, at 20 cm from the lateral joint line, is the strongest risk factor for predicting aseptic loosening in total knee arthroplasty using rotating hinge prosthesis. In this context, the Citak classification has been introduced presenting three different types of the distal femur anatomy. The aim of the study is to develop a novel classification system for the proximal tibia. Materials and Methods Two-hundred patients with standard knee antero-posterior radiographs were included in this study. We measured the inner diameter of the tibia 16 cm distally from the tibial plateau and 3 cm distally from the tibial spine. The ratio between these two measurements was applied as the novel index ratio. Results According to the 25th and 75th percentiles, three groups can be clustered for each gender. A higher distribution of the type B pattern was found in female and male patients. However, type A with a narrow inner diaphyseal diameter was less common in female patients The median intra-observer reliability for rater 1 was 0.997. The inter-observer reliability was high (ICC 0.998). There was a moderate correlation between the AP diameter and height (r = 0,568); a low correlation between the AP diameter and weight (r = 0.376). The novel index shows no significant correlation between the index ratio and height (r = 0.082), weight (r = 0.014) or BMI (r= - 0.038). The novel index shows no statistically significant correlation between the index ratio and height (r = 0.082) or weight (r = 0.014) or BMI (r= - 0.038). Conclusion The novel classification presents three different types of tibia for each gender: type C has a wider inner diaphyseal diameter compared to type A with a narrow inner diaphyseal diameter. Type B has the widest distribution among the subjects.
Heterologous expression of MiHAK14 enhances plant tolerance to K+ deficiency and salinity stresses in Arabidopsis
Authors: Zhang Yue , Lin Shizhuo , Wang Jianping , Tang Meiling , Huang Jianfeng , Gao Taiping , Zhang Hongxia , Shi Xiaomeng , Song Zhizhong
Published: January 2022

As one of the most abundant ions in cells, potassium (K+) is closely related to plant growth and development and contributes to plant tolerance to various abiotic stresses. However molecular mechanisms towards K+ uptake and transport are unclear in tropic fruit trees. In this study, 18 KT/HAK/KUP family genes (MiHAKs) were isolated and characterized in mango. Results showed that MiHAKs were unevenly expressed in distinct tissues and were differentially responded to K+ depletion, PEG, and NaCl stresses in roots, in which K+ depletion and PEG treatment significantly enhanced while NaCl treatment mainly reduced responsive MiHAK genes. In particular, MiHAK14 was the most abundant KT/HAK/KUP family gene in mango, especially in roots. Functional complementation in TK2420 mutant revealed that MiHAK14 could uptake external K+. Moreover, overexpression of MiHAK14 in Arabidopsis enhanced plant tolerance to K+ depletion and NaCl stresses with strengthened K+ nutritional status and ROS scavenging ability. This study provides molecular basis for further functional studies of KT/HAK/KUP transporters in tropic fruit trees, and favorably demonstrates the essentiality of K+ homeostasis in plant tolerance to abiotic stresses, including K+ deficiency and NaCl stress.
Application of Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) for the Simulation of Flow-like Landslides on 3D Terrains
Authors: Cui Binghui , Zhang Liaojun
Published: January 2022

Flow-type landslide is one type of landslide that generally exhibits characteristics of high flow velocities, long jump distances, and poor predictability. Simulation of it facilitates propagation analysis and provides solutions for risk assessment and mitigation design. The smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method has been successfully applied to the simulation of two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) flow-like landslides. However, the influence of boundary resistance on the whole process of landslide failure is rarely discussed. In this study, a boundary algorithm considering the friction is proposed, and integrated into the boundary condition of the SPH method, and its accuracy is verified. Moreover, the Navier-Stokes equation combined with the non-Newtonian fluid rheology model was utilized to solve the dynamic behavior of the flow-like landslide. To verify its performance, the Shuicheng landslide event, which occurred in Guizhou, China, was taken as a case study. In the 2D simulation, a sensitivity analysis was conducted, and the results showed that the shearing strength parameters have more influence on the computation accuracy in comparison with the coefficient of viscosity. Afterwards, the dynamic characteristics of the landslide, such as the velocity and the impact area, were analyzed in the 3D simulation. The simulation results are in good agreement with the field investigations. The simulation results demonstrate that the SPH method performs well in reproducing the landslide process, and facilitates the analysis of landslide characteristics as well as the affected areas, which provides a scientific basis for conducting the risk assessment and disaster mitigation design.
Widespread natural methane and oil leakage from sub-marine Arctic reservoirs
Authors: Serov Pavel , Mattingsdal Rune , Winsborrow Monica , Patton Henry , Andreassen Karin
Published: January 2022

Parceling the anthropogenic and natural (geological) sources of fossil methane in the atmosphere remains problematic due to a lack of distinctive chemical markers for their discrimination. In this light, understanding the distribution and contribution of potential geological methane sources is important. We present empirical observations of hitherto undocumented, widespread and extensive methane and oil release from geological reservoirs to the Arctic Ocean. Methane fluxes from >7,000 seeps significantly deplete in seawater, but nevertheless reach the sea surface and may transfer to the air. Oil slick emission spots and gas ebullition are persistent across multi-year observations and correlate to formerly glaciated geological structures, which have experienced km-scale glacial erosion that has left hydrocarbon reservoirs partially uncapped since the last deglaciation ~15,000 years ago. Such persistent, geologically controlled, natural hydrocarbon release may be characteristic of formerly glaciated hydrocarbon-bearing basins which are common across polar continental shelves, and could represent an underestimated source of natural fossil methane within the global carbon cycle.
Real-time whole-brain imaging of hemodynamics and oxygenation at micro-vessel resolution with ultrafast wide-field photoacoustic microscopy
Authors: Yao Junjie , Zhu Xiaoyi , Huang Qiang , DiSpirito Anthony , Vu Tri , Rong Qiangzhou , Peng Xiaorui , Sheng Huaxin , Shen Xiling , Zhou Qifa , Jiang Laiming , Hoffmann Ulrike
Published: January 2022

High-speed high-resolution imaging of the whole-brain hemodynamics is urgently needed to facilitate the next level of neurovascular research. Image acquisition speed and image quality are crucial to visualizing real-time hemodynamics in complex brain vascular networks, and displaying fast pathophysiological dynamics on a micro and macro-level, enabling advances in current queries in neurovascular and brain metabolism research, including stroke, dementia and acute brain injury. Further, real-time oxygen saturation of hemoglobin (sO2) imaging to differentiate arteries from veins and capture fast-paced oxygen delivery dynamics is needed to solve pertinent questions in these fields and beyond. Here, we present a novel ultrafast functional photoacoustic microscopy (UFF-PAM) to image the whole-brain hemodynamics and oxygen delivery. UFF-PAM takes advantage of several key engineering innovations, including Raman-shifter-based dual-wavelength laser excitation, water-immersible 12-facet-polygon scanner, high-sensitivity ultrasound transducer, and deep-learning-based image upsampling. A volumetric imaging rate of 2 Hz has been achieved over a field of view (FOV) of 11× 7.5 × 1.5 mm3 with a high spatial resolution of ~10 µm. Using the UFF-PAM system, we have demonstrated proof-of-concept functional studies on the mouse brains in response to systemic hypoxia, sodium nitroprusside, and stroke. We observed the mouse brain’s fast morphological and functional changes over the entire cortex, including vasoconstriction, vasodilation, and deoxygenation. More interestingly, for the first time, under the whole-brain FOV and micro-vessel resolution, we captured the vasoconstriction and oxygenation change simultaneously in the spreading depolarization (SD) wave. Our work provides a great potential for fundamental brain research under various pathological and physiological conditions.
Concatenated Convolutional Neural Network Model for Cuffless Blood Pressure Estimation Using Fuzzy Recurrence Properties of PPG Signals
Authors: Malayeri Ali Bahari , Khodabakhshi Mohammad Bagher
Published: January 2022

Due to the importance of continuous monitoring of blood pressure (BP) in controlling hypertension, the topic of cuffless blood pressure (BP) estimation has been widely studied in recent years. A most important approach is to explore the nonlinear mapping between the recorded peripheral signals and the BP values which is usually conducted by deep neural networks. Because of the sequence-based pseudo periodic nature of peripheral signals such as photoplethysmogram (PPG), a proper estimation model needed to be equipped with the 1-dimensional (1-D) and recurrent layers. This, in turn, limits the usage of 2-dimensional (2-D) layers adopted in convolutional neural networks (CNN) for embedding spatial information in the model. In this study, considering the advantage of chaotic approaches, the recurrence characterization of peripheral signals was taken into account by a visual 2-D representation of PPG in phase space through fuzzy recurrence plot (FRP). FRP not only provides a beneficial framework for capturing the spatial properties of input signals but also creates a reliable approach for embedding the pseudo periodic properties to the neural models without using recurrent layers. Moreover, this study proposes a novel deep neural network architecture that combines the morphological features extracted simultaneously from two upgraded 1-D and 2-D CNNs capturing the temporal and spatial dependencies of PPGs in systolic and diastolic BP estimation. The model has been fed with the 1-D PPG sequences and the corresponding 2-D FRPs from two separate routes. The performance of the proposed framework was examined on the well-known public dataset, namely, Multi-Parameter Intelligent in Intensive Care II. Our scheme is analyzed and compared with the literature in terms of the requirements of the standards set by the British Hypertension Society (BHS) and the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI). The proposed model met the AAMI requirements, and it achieved a grade of A as stated by the BHS standard. In addition, its mean absolute errors (MAE) and standard deviation for both systolic and diastolic blood pressure estimations were considerably low, 3.05±5.26 mmHg and 1.58±2.6 mmHg, in turn.
Estimating The Distribution of Livestock In Space And Time: A Time-Series Contribution To Livestock Density Mapping
Authors: Meisner Julianne , Kato Agapitus , Lemerani Marshall , Miaka Erick Mwamba , Taban Acaga Ismail , Wakefield Jonathan , Rowhani-Rahbar Ali , Pigott David , Mayer Jonathan , Rabinowitz Peter
Published: January 2022

More than one billion people rely on livestock for income, nutrition, and social cohesion, however livestock keeping can facilitate disease transmission and contribute to climate change. While data on the distribution of livestock thus have broad utility across a range of applications, efforts to map the distribution of livestock on a large scale are limited to the Gridded Livestock of the World (GLW) project. We present a complimentary effort to map the distribution of cattle and pigs in Malawi, Uganda, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), and South Sudan. In contrast to GLW, which uses dasymmetric modeling applied to census data to produce time-stratified estimates of livestock counts and spatial density, our work uses complex survey data and distinct modeling methods to generate a time-series of livestock distribution, defining livestock density as the ratio of animals to humans. In addition to favorable cross-validation results and general agreement with national density estimates derived from external data on national human and livestock populations, our results demonstrate extremely good agreement with GLW-3 estimates, supporting the validity of both efforts. Our results furthermore offer a high-resolution time series result and employ a definition of density which is particularly well-suited to the study of livestock-origin zoonoses.
Bacteriophages in Gut Microbiome Interactions in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Differences by Sex and The Disease Type
Authors: Farahmandzad Fatemeh , Lanjanian Hossein , Arefian Ehsan , Kavousi Kaveh
Published: January 2022

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), known as the disease of the century, is a complex condition that affects millions of people worldwide. IBD is influenced by numerous factors such as genetics, lifestyle, and the gut microbial community, yet the role of microorganisms in driving and controlling the disease remains poorly understood. As we know, preceding studies have mainly focused on assessing gut bacteria and less on bacteriophages or fungi, and no study on interactions of the gut microbial community in patients with IBD has looked at bacteriophages in addition to bacteria and fungi by sex. No distinct microbial regulatory candidate has been proposed so far.Results: Here, metagenomic data were obtained from 456 stool samples of 84 white race volunteers (40 females and 44 males) with no treatment history before sampling. Participants were studied by sex and the disease type using bioinformatics methods. Differences in interactions of bacteriophages, bacteria, fungi, and archaea in the gut of males and females with Crohn's disease were remarkable, indicating the necessity for different therapies for both groups. While, little difference was seen in the gut microbiome relations in females and males with ulcerative colitis.Conclusions: The fungal strain Malassezia globose CBS 7966 beside the bacterial species Bacteroides stercorisin ulcerative colitis and Parabacteroides phage YZ-2015b in Crohn's disease were the sex-independent regulatory candidates. Uncultured crAssphage was recommended as a sex-dependent regulatory candidate for IBD in men. However, the fungus Wickerhamomycesciferrii which had proposed as regulatory candidate in Crohn's disease, was age-dependent in females. Four bacteriophages, such as Escherichia phage pro147, were suggested for study candidates in the metabolism of IBD.
Ethnic differences in right ventricular structure and function in urbanized hypertensive patients in the Gornaya Shoriya region
Authors: Sumin Alexey N. , Gomozova Nina S. , Shcheglova Anna V. , Arkhipov Oleg G.
Published: January 2022

Objective
of this study was to compare right ventricular echocardiography parameters in urbanized hypertensive patients of the Shor and non-indigenous ethnic groups in the Mountain Shoria region.
Methods
The study included patients with arterial hypertension: 58 Shors and 50 non-indigenous urbanized residents, comparable in age, and divided by ethnicity and gender into 4 groups: Shors men (n = 20), Shors women (n = 38), non-indigenous men (n = 15) and non-indigenous women (n = 35). All underwent echocardiographic examination, and the right heart parameters were studied.
Results
Shor men with arterial hypertension had the lowest values ​​of the pulmonary artery index, the right atrium dimensions, and the highest values ​​of the blood flow velocity in the right ventricle, et' and st' in comparison with non-indigenous men. Shor women have the lowest values Et and Et/At ratios. RV diastolic dysfunction was detected mainly in women, somewhat more often in Shors. Ethnicity was one of the factors associated with the right ventricular diastolic dysfunction presence. Among the factors associated with the RV diastolic dysfunction were risk factors (smoking, obesity), blood pressure, gender, ethnicity, and left ventricular parameters (diastolic dysfunction and the myocardial mass increase).
Conclusion
Our study established the influence of ethnic differences on the right heart echocardiographic parameters in Shors and Caucasians with arterial hypertension. The revealed differences should improve the assessment of the right heart structure and function in patients with arterial hypertension from small ethnic groups, which will help to improve the diagnosis and treatment of such patients.
Assistive Technology to Promote Participation in Sport for People with Disabilities
Authors: Geppert Ana , Smith Emma M. , Haslett Damian , Wong Jennie , Ebuenyi Ikenna D. , Noske-Turner Jessica , MacLachlan Prof. Malcom
Published: January 2022

Participation in sports is a fundamental right for persons with disabilities and is facilitated by the use of specialized Assistive Technology (AT). However, little is known about the role every-day AT plays in promoting sport participation. This study explores how the 50 priority assistive products on the World Health Organization’s Assistive Products List can promote participation in sports, using a mixed-methods online survey with AT users, caregivers, and coaches (n=96). We used a thematic analysis for qualitative responses describing the use of assistive products in facilitating sport participation. Results suggest every-day assistive products are required for participation in sport for persons with disabilities. We present a conceptual model of assistive product use for sport participation. We found persons with disability participate in a range of sports, contributing to community engagement. Access to every-day assistive products is therefore integral to achieving rights of persons with disabilities for participation in sport.
Use and alternatives to coercive measures in inpatient residential care facilities for adults with disabilities: study protocol of a mixed-methods study
Authors: Klemmt Malte , Brieger Peter , Schmitt-Schäfer Thomas , Mörtz Annika , Henking Tanja
Published: January 2022

BackgroundIn Germany, the use of coercive measures such as physical or chemical restraints in certain settings has been the focus of high court decisions, political debates, and scientific research in areas like psychiatric care. Such encroachments on fundamental rights could easily be overlooked in the case of residents in inpatient residential care facilities for adults with disabilities. However, little data are available on this issue. This study aims to investigate the types, frequencies, and characteristics of the use of coercive measures as well as the reasons and justifications of their use. Possible alternatives to these measures and contextual conditions will also be identified.MethodsThe study is based on an explorative, multi-phase, cross-sectional design, which consists of a mixed-methods approach including several forms of data collection and analysis bringing together forensic, sociological, pedagogical and medical perspectives and expertise. First, the entirety of the approximately n = 880 residential care facilities for adults with disabilities in the study area will be surveyed by an online questionnaire. Participating passive observations will be carried out in n = 5 selected residential care facilities (24 hours per facility), with an approximate total of n = 150 residents. In these facilities, organizational documents such as house rules and residential documents such as medication plans will also be collected and analysed. Focus groups will be conducted in each of the five facilities including residents, staff, and legal guardians of the residents.DiscussionThis study will address important gaps in the current research by providing different forms of empirical data on the use or avoidance, causes, contexts, and alternatives to coercive measures in inpatient residential care facilities for adults with disabilities. This study is the first in Germany to combine a general overview (survey) and detailed insight (observations, document analysis, focus groups) approach to this issue. These findings will provide a basis for further research in the field as well as for the management of coercive measures in practical settings.
Effects of HCl hydrolyzed cellulose nanocrystals from waste papers on the Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose/Cationic Starch biofilms
Authors: vaezi khashayar , Asadpour Ghasem
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT
The study reports on the preparation of nanocrystalline cellulose from waste papers (WPNCC), as an environmental friendly approach of source material and investigation of their effects on the morphological, mechanical and barrier properties of the Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose/Cationic starch (HPMC/CS) nanocomposites. HCl hydrolysis followed by alkali treatment and deinking of the fibers resulted in the production of WPNCC. The TEM results confirmed the rod like shape of WPNCC; the average diameter was 22± 7 nanometers and the length was 125± 25 nanometers. The hydrolysis yield was 65% with high crystallinity index of 79.6%. The results of X-ray diffraction confirmed the successfully production of WPNCC and their effective presence in the HPMC/CS matrix. The homogeneity of WPNCC dispersion in the polymer matrix was approved by FESEM analysis. The WPNCC also did not affect the nanocomposites optical clarity. The optimum amount of 9 wt% WPNCC, showed the highest barrier, mechanical and biodegradablility properties.
Modeling of Interstitial Microwave Hyperthermia for Hepatic Tumors Using Floating Sleeve Antenna
Authors: Eltigani Faihaa , Ahmed Sulafa , Yahya Maged , Ahmed Mawahib
Published: January 2022

PurposeMicrowave hyperthermia is a treatment modality that uses microwaves to destroy cancer cells by increasing their temperature to 41- 45°C. This study aims to design, modeling, and simulation of a microwave sleeve antenna for hepatic (liver) hyperthermia. MethodThe designed antenna resonated at 2.45 GHz. The antenna was tested in six different 3D liver models: Model A: without a tumor and blood vessels; Model B: with a realistic tumor (2x3 cm) and without blood vessels; Model C: created by adding blood vessels to model B; Model D: created by adding a small tumor (1.5x1.5 cm) to model C and changed its location; Model E: same as model C with a different tumor size; Model F: model with a simple spherical tumor (1.5x1.5 cm).ResultsThe return loss of the antenna varied from -45 dB to -25 dB for the 6 models. The Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) was between 29 W/kg to 30W/kg in the tumors and below 24 W/Kg in the surrounding tissues. The tumors’ temperature elevated to 43- 45°C, while the temperature of the surrounding tissues was below 41°C.ConclusionsThe results showed the capability of the designed antenna to raise the temperature of hepatic tumors to the therapeutic ranges of hyperthermia.
HCMV exploits STING signaling and counteracts IFN and ISG induction to facilitate dendritic cell infection
Authors: Costa Bibiana , Becker Jennifer , Krammer Tobias , Mulenge Felix , Durán Verónica , Pavlou Andreas , Chu Xiaojing , Li Yang , Cicin-Sain Luka , Eiz-Vesper Britta , Dolken Lars , Saliba Antoine-Emmanuel , Erhard Florian , Kalinke Ulrich
Published: January 2022

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a widespread obligatory human pathogen causing life-threatening disease in immunocompromised hosts. Myeloid cells such as monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) are targets of HCMV. Here, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing, which revealed infection of most moDCs upon in vitro HCMV exposure, whereas only a fraction of them initiated viral gene expression. We identified three moDC subsets, of which CD1a−/CD86− cells showed the highest susceptibility. Upon HCMV entry, STING activation not only induced IFN-β, but also promoted viral gene expression. Upon progression of infection, IFN-β but not IFN-λ1 expression was inhibited. Similarly, ISG expression was initially induced and then shut off and thus allowed productive infection. Increased viral gene expression was associated with the induction of several pro- (RHOB, HSP1A1, DNAJB1) and anti-viral (RNF213, TNFSF10, IFI16) genes. Thus, moDC permissiveness to HCMV depends on complex interactions between virus sensing, regulation of IFNs/ISGs and viral gene expression.
Armstrong on Justice, Well-being and Natural Resources
Authors: Miller David
Published: January 2022

This paper argues first that Armstrong is led to see natural resources primarily as objects of consumption. But many natural resources are better seen as objects of enjoyment, where one person’s access to a resource need not prevent others from enjoying equal access, or as objects of production, where granting control of a resource to one person may produce collateral benefits to others. Second, Armstrong’s approach to resource distribution, which requires that everyone must have equal access to welfare, conceals an ambiguity as to whether this means equal opportunity for welfare, or simply equal welfare – the underlying issue being how far individuals (or countries) should be held responsible for the use they make of the resources they are allocated. Third, when Armstrong attacks arguments that appeal to ‘improvement’ as a basis for claims to natural resources, he treats them as making comparative desert claims: if country A makes a claim to the improved resources on its territory, it must show that their comparative value accurately reflects the productive deserts of its members compared to those of countries B. But in fact, A needs only to make the much weaker claim that its members have done more than others to enhance the value of its resources. Overall, Armstrong’s welfarist approach fails to appreciate the dynamic advantages of allocating resources to those best able to use them productively.
NON SURGICAL TREATMENT OF CARCINOID LUNGS TUMORS
Authors:   Departmentof Medical Oncology, University Hospital Center IbnRochd, Faculty of Medecineand Pharmacy -Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco., Mouna Bourhafour , Tarik Chekrine ,   Department of Radiotherapy, University Hospital CenterIbnRochd, Faculty of Medecine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco., Zineb Bouchbika ,   Department of Radiotherapy, University Hospital CenterIbnRochd, Faculty of Medecine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco., Nadia Benchakroun ,   Department of Radiotherapy, University Hospital CenterIbnRochd, Faculty of Medecine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco., Hassan Jouhadi ,   Department of Radiotherapy, University Hospital CenterIbnRochd, Faculty of Medecine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco., Nezha Tawfiq ,   Department of Radiotherapy, University Hospital CenterIbnRochd, Faculty of Medecine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco., Abdellatif Benider ,   Department of Radiotherapy, University Hospital CenterIbnRochd, Faculty of Medecine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco., Souha Sahraoui ,   Department of Radiotherapy, University Hospital CenterIbnRochd, Faculty of Medecine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco.
Published: January 2022

Typical carcinoid lungs tumors are neuroendocrine bronchopulmonary tumors with a low-grade malignancy, and an atypical carcinoid is an intermediate form of these tumors. Their systemic treatment is greatly influenced by therapeutic evidence derived from the more frequent gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms. Currently, systemic therapies for lung carcinoids, aiming at controlling tumor growth include long acting somatostatin analogues (SSAs), peptide receptor radionuclide therapy, chemotherapy and molecular-targeted therapy.
A STUDY ON EMOTIONAL AND SOCIAL TRANSITION IN EARLY ADULTHOOD
Authors: Verma Katyayani
Published: January 2022

This paper is about the social and emotional transition during the early adulthood an individual go to which they are not prepared and hence end up with depression.
AGE AND GENDER RELATED MORTALITY AND OUTCOME OF COVID 19 POSITIVE PATIENTS
Authors:   Department of Medicine, GMC Anantnag., Mansoor Suhail , Jeelani Romshoo Ghulam ,   Department of Medicine, GMC Anantnag., Bashir Abroo ,   Department of Medicine, GMC Anantnag.
Published: January 2022

Background: This study was aimed to evaluate the age and gender related mortality and outcome of covid 19 positive patients in order to further strengthen the management of covid 19 patients as the insights from these data will be useful in determining preventive measures and treatment policies of covid 19 patients. Methodology: This was a retrospective observational study done in adult covid positive patients admitted in Tertiary Care Hospital from first May 2020 to 30 June 2021.The age related mortality and outcome in these patients was analyzed. Results: A total of 816 adult covid -19 positive patients were admitted in a Tertiary care hospital,GMC Anantnag from May 2020 to June 2021. Among the patients, 53.55 % were males and 46.44 % were females. The mean of the age involved was 57.96 years. The most common presenting symptom was fever (85%) followed by cough (70%) and shortness of breath (40%). Approximately 20% of patients presented with nonspecific complaints (including generalized aches, pains, body aches, myalgias etc). All age groups were affected equally (29% in 15-50yr, 37% in 51-65yr, 33% in 66-100yr). Maximum patients (70% ) affected were more than 50 yr of age. About 73.4% were discharged, 6% were reffered, 20% expired. So, overall hospital mortality was 20%. Further, Maximum (86%) of covid positive patients expired in age group of above 50 yrs. Further, Male and Female Mortality was also same in covid positive patients. Conclusion: Males and females were affected equally by Covid -19 disease with no sex predilection.. Fever was the main presenting symptom. All age groups were affected equally but mortality was more in elderly age group. Further, mortality is same in male and female covid positive patients with no gender predilection.
Impact of integration management on performance in the UAE
Authors: Alnahhal Mohammed , Alshehhi Qasem , Sakhrieh Ahmad , Altawil Shadi , I. Tabash Mosab
Published: January 2022

Integration management is a significant factor of success in different types of organizations. Yet, the definition of integration management and ways to measure performance in a comprehensive framework need to be investigated in different environments. This paper analyzes the impact of integration management practices on company performance in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The study uses a questionnaire that was designed with constructs and dimensions following the literature review. The components of integration management are supply chain integration, supplier integration, customer integration, knowledge transfer with customers, and managing knowledge transfer channels with customers. A questionnaire was distributed among organizations in the UAE. Statistical analysis methods were employed to analyze 94 responses, e.g. reliability tests, ANOVA, and correlation analysis. The results show that integration management improves organizational performance to a considerable degree in the UAE. The impact of these practices was positive and significant on the performance of organizations, with an average correlation coefficient of 0.81. The comprehensive assessment for integration best practices and performance and their relationship are done for the first time in the context of the UAE organizations.
ÇEVRİMİÇİ VERİ TABANINDA YER ALAN 21. YÜZYILDA BESTELENMİŞ VİYOLA ESERLERİNİN TESPİTİNE VE İNCELENMESİNE YÖNELİK BİR ARAŞTIRMA (IMSLP ÖRNEĞİ)
Authors: KARADEMİR Esengül
Published: January 2022

Makalenin konusunu, çevrimiçi veri tabanında yer alan 21. yüzyılda bestelenmiş viyola eserlerinin tespiti ve incelenmesi oluşturmaktadır. Bilindiği üzere 21. yüzyılda internet, müzik alanına ait tarihi ve güncel bilgilerin, notalı ve ses kayıtlı müzik eserlerinin yayımlanmasına olanak sunarak çeşitli çevrimiçi veri tabanlarının kaynak niteliği taşımasını sağlamıştır. Araştırmada 21. yüzyılda bestelenmiş ve yayımlanmış viyola eserlerinin durumu tespit edilmek üzere örneklem olarak seçilen çevrimiçi veri tabanı, IMSLP (Uluslararası Müzik Notaları Kütüphanesi Projesi) internet sitesi ile sınırlandırılmış; veri toplama yönteminde genel tarama modeli esas alınmıştır. Araştırmanın tarama ve inceleme çalışmaları sonucunda viyola eserlerinin bestecisine, eser adına, biçimine, türüne ve kompozisyon tarihine ait bilgilere ulaşılarak açıklamalara yer verilmiştir. Araştırma sonucuna göre 21. yüzyılda bestecilerin viyola eserlerinde çoğunlukla solo biçimini, 15. yüzyıldan itibaren kullanılan müzik türlerini tercih ettikleri ve eklektizm yaklaşımını benimsedikleri tespit edilmiş; viyolanın müzikal kimliğine ilişkin gelişmelerin neler olduğu ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır.
ON THE NEED FOR A NEW CONSTITUTION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: KLEANDROV Mikhail I.
Published: January 2022

The article considers the problems of the content of the current Constitution of the Russian Federation of 1993 in the dynamics of its amendments and additions, taking into account the innovations of 2020. The author highlights shortcomings, both initial and formed during its development, while drawing attention to its serious shortcomings appeared during the constitutional reforms of 2014 and 2020. The author particularly refers to the deformation of the constitutional foundations of the domestic justice mechanism, which were far from ideal even in the original version of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. The article mentions the fact that the Constitution of the Russian Federation began to be subjected to meaningful and constructive criticism a long time ago, especially on the 10th anniversary of its adoption.
To date, there is a situation in which the presence of serious shortcomings in the content of the provisions of the Constitution of the Russian Federation does not allow us to hope for their correction by adjusting its individual articles. And the main thing is that these shortcomings are clearly manifested at the present time in chapters 1 and 2, which are immutable. The analysis of the dynamics of changes and additions to the current Constitution of the Russian Federation suggests that the need for its radical reform will be created approximately by 2025-2026, by this time the legal science should be ready, and preliminary work in this direction should begin even now.
SOCIAL NETWORKS AS A MECHANISM FOR INCLUDING RESIDENTS IN SOCIAL PARTICIPATION PRACTICES OF TERRITORY DEVELOPMENT
Authors: TARASOVA Anna N. , KOSTROVA Ekaterina A.
Published: January 2022

The article is devoted to the study of the role of social networks in development of a territory through the inclusion of individuals in social communities that influence the socio-economic, socio-cultural development of cities and regions. A social network in the present article refers to the structure of social relations and relationships between people, based on respect, common interests and mutual assistance. The study reveals some interconnections between indicators of a given social network (as structures of interaction between people) and living conditions (as characteristics of the level of territory development), and also shows through which social connections a person is most often included in social participation practices that contribute to development of a territory. In the study authors used the method of correlation analysis of the open database of the “Legatum Institute” analytical center. Another method consists of analysis of social graphs based on data from the social networking service “Vkontakte”. Weak-moderate but statistically significant associations are found between indicators of territorial development and indicators that determine quality of a social network (level of respect, harmony of interests and assistance to others). The study revealed a mechanism of multidirectional relationships between social networks and living conditions. Through this mechanism, territorial development can be ensured even in situations of crisis and economic instability. Analysis of social graphs showed that social networks differ while being linked to people who are socially active and socially passive in the number of social connections, in the number of social communities in which they are included, in the type of these communities. An important conclusion was made that university more often promotes inclusion in social participation practices precisely through development of new connections in a social network. While school systems contribute little to this. There is also a relatively low level of inclusion of youth in activities of territorial communities (POA, courtyard, housing, city communities, etc.), which requires a further detailed study.
Plant based Bioavailability Enhancers
Authors: Patel Sweta , Chopra Shruti , Chaurasia Simran , Sarwat Maryam
Published: January 2022

Many of the synthetic and herbal drugs, despite their notable in vitro findings, demonstrate insignificant
in vivo activity, the majority of the time due to poor bioavailability. As per Biopharmaceutical Classification
System (BCS), one of the main concerns is low solubility and/or permeation of drugs resulting in reduced
absorption and poor bioavailability. To overcome these issues, various strategies have been adopted, including
the use of permeation enhancers which are also known as bioenhancers. Bioenhancers are synthetic or natural
compounds that increase the bioavailability of drugs and nutrients such as vitamins, amino acids, minerals, etc.,
into the systemic circulation and at the site of action for exhibiting improved therapeutic action. By improving
bioavailability, bioenhancers can reduce drug dose, decrease the treatment period, and circumvent the problem
of drug resistance. Although numerous studies have reported the application of synthetic bioenhancers, plant
based bioenhancers can serve as a better alternative owing to their natural origin. Literature reviews have
revealed that plant-based bioenhancers have been used in a wide variety of antibiotics, antiviral, and anti-cancer
therapeutics. These can be categorized based on their sources and mechanism of action. This review will provide
a systematic and detailed overview of the various plant based bioenhancers and their applications.
Arylidenemalononitriles as Versatile Synthons in Heterocyclic Synthesis
Authors: Reddy Pedavenkatagari Narayana , Padmaja Pannala , Reddy B.V. Subba , Ugale Vinod G.
Published: January 2022

Background:

Arylidenemalononitriles are valuable synthons for the construction of a variety of novel complex heterocyclic motifs, fused heterocycle derivatives, and spirocyclic com-pounds. They are versatile chemical intermediates and have increasing applications in industry, agriculture, medicine, and biological science.

Objective:

The aim of this review is to highlight the preparation methods and reactions of aryli-denemalononitriles in the synthesis of various heterocyclic compounds.

Conclusion:

In this review, we have presented the application of arylidenemalononitriles to con-struct a variety of heterocycles. Various catalysts for the preparation of arylidnemalononitriles have been described.