bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative civic education research: What we know and what we need to know
Authors: Hahn Carole L.
Published: October 2011

This article reviews research conducted in different regions of the world and international and comparative studies. It raises issues for consideration by researchers, such as the importance of culture in understanding civic meanings. It concludes with a proposed agenda for needed future
research.
The European Citizenship paradigm in a dystopian context: Weak symbolisms, profound deficits and measurable competences
Authors: Pasias George , Flouris George
Published: October 2011

Since the mid-1980s, the notion of 'European citizenship' has been discussed as a crucial factor in the formation of neo-European identity with particular symbolic, ideological and political content. This article explores aspects in which 'European citizenship' symbolic content and
constructs (membership, belonging, rights, participation and identity) are delineated through the European Union's institutional, political and educational discourses and policies. It is argued that, over the past decades, the institutional construction of European Union (EU) citizenship has
been characterized by a weak ideological and symbolic content as well as by political and social deficits. Moreover, it is claimed that the EU's education discourses and policies are controlled by an economic and technocratic rationale (marketization, govermentality, benchmarking, etc.), through
which the 'European citizenship' paradigm is gradually depoliticized, mutated, and decreased to a measurable 'civic competence' governed by numbers.
Report on an experience of in-service teacher training on human rights and citizenship education
Authors: Ramos Fernando Sadio
Published: October 2011

This article presents a training experience on human rights and citizenship education that took place at three in-service teacher training courses. This experience occurred in the more general context of an ongoing 'Human Rights and Citizenship Education' project, overseen by our institution,
the College of Education – Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, University of Granada and the Council of Europe (particularly, the European Youth Centre Budapest). In-service teacher training is an important component of this project, which seeks excellence and high quality in both teaching
and training. The use of non-formal education methodologies is a distinctive feature of this experience and of the project.
Eniatype
Authors: Murray Shaun
Published: October 2011

Human communication and ecological accountability are inextricably linked in architectural design; our current world ecological crisis underscores this fundamental connection. Within architectural practice the communication from architect to participant or environment is not at all
straightforward. This is also true of the dyadic relation between working drawing, participant and environment through context, design and communication in architectural education and practice. 'We live in a world desperate to discover a set of rules from which we can derive principles about
the environment, and relations between human activity and the environment, yet the holistic perspectives we require seem to elude us' (Harries-Jones 1995: 3).
It doesn’t help to call a professor if your washing machine is leaking: The Norwegian Minister of Knowledge, December 2009
Authors: Gårdvik Mette
Published: October 2011

The purpose of this study is to create a holistic understanding of society’s need for developing and safeguarding children’s knowledge and skills regarding handicrafts. An investigation of a fourth grade class shows that over half of the students had not learned to tie their
shoes. The Norwegian educational guidelines from 2006 divide each course into five basic skills to be developed. The five skills are reading, writing, arithmetic, verbal expression and use of digital tools. Arts and handicrafts is a practical-aesthetical discipline that makes use of several
tools to help develop students’ basic skills. As arts and handicrafts teachers at the college level, we have seen an increasing trend towards the hand’s fine motor skills being underdeveloped in favour of the computer keyboard. The study concludes that children have underdeveloped
fine motor skills in handicraft techniques and are not getting enough training in this area; therefore, the hand’s formative abilities appear to be forgotten.
The U-curve going Dutch: Cultural differences in judgements of artwork from different age and expertise groups
Authors: Haanstra Folkert , Hoorn Marjo van , Damen Marie-Louise
Published: October 2011

The U-curve model of graphic development posits a decline in aesthetic production in middle childhood. This theoretical model has been criticized for having an underlying western and modernist bias, and a number of empirical studies have tried to confirm or disprove its assumptions.
This study is a partial replication of previous research that was done to challenge U-curve findings, in order to show that the model reflects culture-specific aesthetic judgements, rather than universal trends. To demonstrate this, artists and art educators from different cultural backgrounds
judged a cross-cultural collection of drawings by children from different age groups (5, 8, 11 and 14 year olds), adult non-artists and artists. The results indicate that differences in the cultural background of the judges generated different developmental patterns in aesthetic production.
Cultural identity in the murals of Sirigu women and their role in art education and social sustainability
Authors: Asante Eric Appau , Opoku–Asare Nana Afia
Published: October 2011

Although mural art, unlike pottery, is not widely practised by African women, the predominantly female art known as ‘Bambolse’ in the indigenous language of Sirigu, in the Upper East Region of Ghana, performs a number of important social functions, from adornment and communication
to the assertion of cultural identity and the preservation of traditional values. The murals employ traditional motifs and symbols, and are either representational, geometric or a combination of the two. Despite Bambolse’s significance in the local culture, however, there has been very
little formal chronicling of its aesthetics and iconography, and it is the aim of this study to address that shortfall. In examining the cultural, symbolic and aesthetic aspects of this unique art form, we will demonstrate, using findings based on a qualitative research approach, how it not
only empowers its practitioners as artists but also plays an influential role in the region’s socio-economic development.
Making micro meanings: reading and writing microfiction
Authors: Howitt-Dring Holly
Published: October 2011

This article aims to explore the concept of microfiction as both a reader and a writer: that is to say, as a critic and a practitioner. It examines the historical roots of microfiction, such as fables and parables, and its sources in China and Japan, until its development as a genre
in its own right in the twentieth century and beyond, where it is becoming more and more popular. Its generic patterns, such as its search for epiphany and use of poetic techniques in a prose form are also discussed, whilst surveying its relation to flash fiction and prose poetry. Microfiction
here has been used as a blanket term for all forms of very short fiction, and all very short forms have been discussed together, taking a holistic approach rather than a divisive one. As well as critical questions, this article also looks at the creative process and ways of writing microfiction,
with examples and advice.
Reader as consumer: the magazine short story
Authors: Whitehead Sarah
Published: October 2011

This article considers the influence of the emerging mass magazines at the turn of the nineteenth into the twentieth century on the poetics and reception of the short story. The author outlines the commodification of the short story within its magazine frame during this period and argues
that much of the genre's critical marginalization can be traced to this era in its material history, as can the form's continued popularity with both writers and the reading public.
Reviews
Authors: Fenlon Carol , Westron Loree
Published: October 2011

WILD CHILD, T.C. BOYLE, (2010) London: Bloomsbury, 320pp., ISBN 9781408804803 (hbk) £16.99

TOUCH, GRAHAM MORT, (2010) Bridgend, Wales: Seren, 260pp., ISBN 9781854115126 (pbk) £7.99

THE PROPER CARE OF FOXES, WENA POON, (2009) Singapore: Ethos Books, 225pp., ISBN 9789810836467
(pbk)

MATTAPONI QUEEN, BELLE BOGGS (2009) Minneapolis: Graywolf Press, 240 pp., ISBN 9781555975586 (pbk), $15.00
'El paseo de los tristes': Homosexuality as tragedy in the Spanish films of the 1960s
Authors: Melero Alejandro
Published: October 2011

Despite the strict regulations that prohibited the representation of 'all forms of sexual perversion [. . .] including homosexuality' (Article 3, Norms of Censorship 1963), a number of Spanish films of the 1960s managed to include gay characters, thus developing pioneering portrayals
of homosexual men, unusual even in other industries of the time. This article studies the little-known representation of the homosexual as a sad man in Spanish film narratives. After revealing the presence of these characters in a number of popular films, it focuses on Luis Delgado's Diferente
(1962). It argues that these representations, which have been exceptional in Spanish queer culture, deserve to be included within a longer western narrative tradition of homosexuality as a blameworthy tragedy. In order to do so, I refer to Richard Dyer's work on the construction of the stereotype
of the homosexual as a sad man.
La recepción crítica y distribución del documental Spanish Earth/Tierra española (Joris Ivens, 1937) durante la Guerra Civil
Authors: Deogracias José Cabeza San , García Salvador Gómez
Published: October 2011

This article analyses the reactions of various audiences when the documentary Spanish Earth (Joris Ivens, 1937) was screened in theatres. The research studies the aim of the film-maker, the resources accessible to him during filming, the expectations from the distributors and
the newspaper critics from three different countries: Spain, England and the United States. Moreover, we show the key ideas included in Spanish Earth and focus on the audio-visual representation that the film makes about the Spanish Civil War. Finally, we explain why Spanish Earth
had a limited audience in the United States and, above all, why it did not succeed in the box office in Madrid during the Spanish Civil War. Esta investigación aborda la reacción de diferentes públicos ante la exhibición del documental Spanish Earth
(Joris Ivens, 1937). El trabajo analiza los propósitos iniciales del director y los medios a su alcance, las expectativas de las distribuidoras y las críticas de los periódicos en Inglaterra, Estados Unidos y España. Por último, se analizan las claves ideológicas
y temáticas de la película y la representación audiovisual que se hace de la guerra y, a partir de este análisis, se explica el porqué de su escaso éxito de taquilla y difusión tanto en Estados Unidos como, sobre todo, en el Madrid de la Guerra
Civil.
And I also teach: The professional development of teaching creatives
Authors: Clews Antonia , Clews David
Published: October 2011

Teacher-practitioners are a unique community, working across cultural and creative sectors and within Arts higher education (Arts HE). The authors argue that higher education programmes like post-graduate teacher training certificate courses do not meet practitioners' professional development
needs. Higher education institutions (HEIs) have the potential to develop wider models of creative industry workforce development through offering practice-based staff development to its teacher practitioners. The authors argue that academia has responsibilities to engage with practitioners
by; (1) supporting them in pursuing practice outside of HE and in maintaining their identity as practitioners, acknowledging this as central to the value of their role; (2) exploring how practice-knowledge can be made available to students and (3) supporting practitioners in managing processes
that make the teaching-practice relationship mutually beneficial to their practice (industry) and the teaching and learning community.
An unobscured glow: Towards a definition of Rural Theatre
Authors: Aita Sean
Published: October 2011

The voices of theatre artists working within a rural environment have traditionally been occluded by the cultural commentators and critics who define the ultimate ‘value’ of performance, in terms of its historical contextualization and record. This article, focusing upon
the collaborative approaches to dramaturgical and performance practice of British companies making professional theatre for/and with rural communities over the past 30 years, challenges the metro-centric view of theatre history and proposes a definition for a new genre: Rural Theatre.
Arts and human rights: From my notebooks
Authors: Klaff Jack
Published: October 2011

This article is made up entirely of notes from Jack Klaff’s journals, kept over many decades of his life as a writer, actor, thinker and performer. The fragments have been selected because of their relevance to the overall theme, Arts and Human Rights.
REVIEWS
Authors: Rossetti Lisa , Hayes Karen , Siriani Alex , Simons Sara M. , Kossak Mitchell
Published: October 2011

THERAPEUTIC JOURNAL WRITING: AN INTRODUCTION FOR PROFESSIONALS, KATE THOMPSON (2011) London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers, 222 pp., ISBN 978-1-84310-690-6, Paperback, RRP: £15.99 THE CREATIVE ARTS IN DEMENTIA CARE: PRACTICAL AND PERSONCENTRED APPROACHES AND IDEAS, JILL HAYES WITH
SARAH POVEY (2011) London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers, 160pp., ISBN: 978-1-84905-056 2, Paperback, £18.99 DECONSTRUCTING THE BULLY MENACE: A REVIEW OF THE NYU SYMPOSIUM ON APPLIED THEATRE, 21–23 APRIL 2011 REVIEW OF NYU FORUM ON THEATRE FOR PUBLIC HEALTH, 21–23 APRIL 2011
ARTS IN HEALTHCARE CONFERENCE SERIES: VIOLENCE PREVENTION IN SCHOOLS AND COMMUNITIES, 2–3 JUNE 2011
Permissible documentaries: Representation in Ateyyat El Abnoudy's documentaries
Authors: Van De Peer Stefanie
Published: October 2011

Cairo, or 'Hollywood on the Nile' is known for melodrama and musicals. During the Golden Age of 1950s Egyptian cinema, directors adhered to the censor's laws and to an escapist nationalist image of the country. Within this rigid context, Ateyyat El Abnoudy has been working against the
grain as a documentary maker – subverting the censor's sensibilities. While a political and social engagement with her topics was established from the very first of her films, she was then still searching for the most effective style to do this in. In her earliest short documentaries
Horse of Mud (1971), Sad Song of Touha (1972) and The Sandwich (1975), she experimented with the voice of her subjects and the function of the camera, while in her later and most famous film Days of Democracy (1996), the subaltern is more palpably present, both
verbally and visibly. I argue that she recaptures the voice and returns the gaze to the censor, the Egyptian bourgeoisie, and the spectators of her films, while rewriting contemporary Egyptian national identity.
Thierry Henry as Igwe: Soccer fandom, christening and cultural passage in Nollywood
Authors: Olaoluwa Senayon , Adejayan Adewole
Published: October 2011

This article explores within the Nigerian context the performance of fandom and the christening of Thierry Henry of Arsenal FC fame as Igwe particularly in the South West of Nigeria. It is based on a series of interviews conducted in two South West states (Osun and Oyo), on the 'coronation'
of Henry as Igwe, a monarchical title among the Igbo of the South East. Findings show that: (1) the new medium of satellite technology has increased soccer patronage/viewership in Nigeria; (2) the medium has also accelerated the mobilization of fandom; (3) the 'coronation' of Thierry Henry
as Igwe among Nigerian fans across cultural boundaries, is on account of the comparison of his superior performance with that of the Igwe as projected in the videos; (4) although the sobriquet originated from the South East among the Igbo, its wide reception in the South West is for the most
part a logical consequence of the popularity of the Nollywood home videos in the South West Region; (5) soccer fandom has a greater number of men than women in Nigeria. The article concludes that the christening of Thierry Henry as Igwe is due to the capacity of Nollywood to engender cultural
passage/diffusion across geographical spaces. The article suggests the need to engender soccer fandom among women in Nigeria.
Mirror communities and straw individualisms: Essentialism, cinema and semiotic analysis
Authors: Tomaselli Keyan G , Shepperson Arnold
Published: October 2011

A pragmaticist alternative to the radical basis of identity using debates on African cinema is the objective of this article. Post-Freudian psychoanalytical film theory is thus debated from the perspective of a Peirceian pragmatism. Essentialism is critiqued. Position of the scholar
is examined in terms of cultural proscriptions.
Exploring the communicative function of light, sound and colour in Hotel Rwanda
Authors: Vambe Maurice Taonezvi , Rwafa Urther
Published: October 2011

This article explores the communicative function of light, colour and sound, as constitutive elements of the construction of the narrative of genocide in Hotel Rwanda. Such an exploration is deliberately performed against the tendency to approach the film in ways that only emphasize
the importance of ethnicity and class factors. The assumption of this article is that in film, light, colour, visuals, and sound are not external accessories but simultaneously function as the meaning, content, and form of the film. An exploration of the intersections and the uses to which
light, sound, colour and visuals are put in the film can also reveal the range of a director's power to manipulate these in ways that can fortunately bring into view some narratives of the Rwandan genocide that could have been hidden from view by an overemphasis on the analysis of verbal language
only, during interpretation of the film.
Shakespeare in Turkish cinema: A cultural transfer from Hamlet to The Angel of Vengeance (1976)
Authors: Sayin Gülşen
Published: October 2011

Shakespeare’s works on the Turkish stage have a long and exciting history, whose roots go back to the reign of Ottoman sultans in the nineteenth century. However, Hamlet, Shakespeare’s most frequently performed and filmed play of all times, was visited late by Turkish
cinema. In 1976, Metin Erksan appropriated Hamlet as Intikam Melegi/The Angel of Vengeance, also known as Kadin Hamlet/The Female Hamlet. This article, aligning with Russian semiotician Yuri Lotman’s views about the stages of cultural transfer, reviews the reception
of Shakespeare’s plays in Turkish culture, and then discusses Metin Erksan’s The Angel of Vengeance (1976), both as an example of Lotman’s theory of intercultural transfer and an amalgam of Turkish cinematographic conventions like family melodrama and the National
Cinema movement.
Vampire adaptation
Authors: Leitch Thomas
Published: October 2011

<![CDATA[Taking off from the frequent charge that adaptations are like vampires preying on their progenitor texts, this essay presses the analogy between adaptations and vampires in five areas – the parasitism of vampires, their status as morally equivocal figures, the communicative
or contagious nature of vampirism, vampires as collaborators and the performative nature of vampirism – in order to consider what they suggest about the nature of adaptation.]]>
How to adapt to heterodoxy: A story from the intercultural classroom
Authors: Hantke Steffen
Published: October 2011

<![CDATA[The practical experience of teaching in an intercultural classroom – that is, a classroom in which students, instructor and material each derive from different heterogeneous national and cultural origins – demands a broad willingness to abandon orthodox interpretations
of canonical texts. Knowledge production in this environment is complicated and constrained by the global power relations it manifests, yet its tendency towards academic heterodoxy also announces a newly revised global academia in which the inherited relationship between centre and margin
may well be dissolved.]]>
‘No dream is ever just a dream’: Stanley Kubrick’s Eyes Wide Shut as monofilm
Authors: Taroff Kurt
Published: October 2011

This article examines Stanley Kubrick’s final film, Eyes Wide Shut (1999), in relation to its source text, J.M.Q. Davies’s 1999 translation of Arthur Schnitzler’s Traumnovelle/Dream Story, originally published in 1926. Both the film and the novel are viewed through
the lens of monodrama, a dramatic genre characterized by the attempt to convey the subjective psychical experience of a strong central protagonist. Monodramatic traits may also be found in the novel and film, and the article explores how this adaptation typifies certain aspects of the monodrama
form and how those traits are portrayed through the specific conventions and limitations of the differing media.
Ghanaian entertainment brokers: Urban change, and Afro-cosmopolitanism, with neo-liberal reform
Authors: Thalén Oliver
Published: October 2011

This article deals with entertainment in the neo-liberal age. The key aim is to describe the emerging brokering practices of certain entrepreneurs within the entertainment industry in Ghana, and to explore the effects of these practices. On the one hand these entrepreneurs receive sponsorship
from major transnational corporations, in order to produce reality TV shows and major entertainment events. The shows are meant to appeal to the target market of the corporate sponsors, and in this way these entrepreneurs fill the role of a power broker. On the other hand, the entrepreneurs
also fill the role of a culture broker as they try to tune into a larger market by producing entertainment that is aimed to be popular not only in Ghana, but to a larger market across Africa. In this article I refer to this shift in style of entertainment as a shift towards an Afro-cosmopolitan
style of entertainment. The strategic epicentre for the fieldwork of this study is one of Ghana's major production houses, Charterhouse Productions.
Triple take: Practicing Hegel, reading Alexander
Authors: Belmar Sima
Published: October 2011

This article, written at the intersection of critical philosophy and somatics, explores the idea that somatic practices have something to teach philosophy. To do so, it places Frederic Matthias Alexander (1869–1955), the founder of The Alexander Technique, in conversation with
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1779–1831). Alexander's autobiographical narrative provides an account of his revelatory journey that helps follow Hegel's philosophical journey. The article focuses on Alexander's third book, The Use of the Self, and on one section of Hegel's Phenomenology
of Spirit, 'The Unhappy Consciousness', to ask whether the discourse and practice of The Alexander Technique can provide a methodology for reading Hegel, a way to enter into the performance of the Phenomenology through a 'somatic mode of attention', one that privileges the lived experience
of movement as a source for understanding philosophical texts.
A conversation with Ray Chung
Authors: Papadelli Vanio
Published: October 2011

This article is an interview with Ray Chung, a leading Contact Improvisation teacher and dancer. The conversation revolves around three areas: it addresses CI's application into movement for actors, it unfolds the intricate relation between moving, thinking and feeling when training
in and performing CI while it also gives an invaluable insight into Ray's teaching methods of confronting his students' habits.
A field guide to a physical philosophy
Authors: Kneale Hilary
Published: October 2011

As a physical philosopher, I explore and name my methods of practice. I open the article by naming specific projects and collaborations that have taken place over the last ten years, and continue with an in-depth study of a current body of work as it weaves through the cycles of the
element of water. The writing is supported by images that have arisen through collaboration with photographer Christian Kipp and serve to further illustrate the essence of my work. The article is interspersed with insightful haiku-like pieces of writing that reflect my 'noticing', as well
as naming, aspects of the hydrological cycle. I have also included longer text-based 'images' that reflect specific moments in my land-based practice. I conclude with naming some of the myriad influences, relationships, readings and landscapes that are both visible and invisible within my
work.
Visuality, discipline and somatic practices: The 'Maya Lila' performance project of Joan Davis
Authors: Meehan Emma
Published: October 2011

The incorporation of somatic practices into dance training and production has implications for a dancer's experience of their own body but also affects the audience's role in relating to the work. Joan Davis is an Irish choreographer who uses the practices of Authentic Movement and
Body-Mind Centering in creating site-specific, participative performances that she calls 'Maya Lila'. In this article, I investigate how Davis develops strategies from somatic practices to provoke the self-reflective capacity of dancers and audience members, rather than focusing on the external
appearance of the performer's body. The Maya Lila project has also had an impact on my work as a performer and researcher, and I conclude the article by drawing attention to the impact of somatic training on my experience of discipline, surveillance and subjective agency.
The Wrestler, an American Rosetta: Marginality, crisis and realism
Authors: Hennuy DR Jean-frédéric
Published: October 2011

<![CDATA[By comparing movies such as Rosetta from the Dardenne brothers and The Wrestler from Darren Aronofsky, this article analyses how both films use similar unconventional diegetic and cinematographic techniques in order to explore how characters living at the margin
of society are trying to reach a state of homeostasis and get out of their state of crisis.]]>
An American in Europe: US colonialism in The Talented Mr Ripley and Ripley's Game
Authors: Miller Dr Jacqui
Published: October 2011

<![CDATA[Making comparative analysis of two of Patricia Highsmith's Ripleiad novels, ‘The Talented Mr Ripley’ (1955) and ‘Ripley’s Game' (1974), and the pair of film interpretations, of each, Plein Soleil/Purple Noon (Renè Clement 1960)
and The Talented Mr Ripley (Anthony Minghella 1999), Der amerikanische Freund/The American Friend (Wim Wenders 1977) and Ripley's Game (Liliana Cavani 2004), this article examines the meaning of Europe for Americans and of American popular culture for Europeans. The conclusion
is drawn that American attraction to European ‘high culture’ and European desire for American cultural commodities work as a metaphor for American cultural, economic and political colonialism, beginning in the nineteenth century, accelerating after World War II and continuing into
the post-Soviet globalized era. Underpinning this argument is the recurrent theme of forgery and stolen identity.]]>
Simulating religious faith
Authors: Oldenburg Aaron
Published: October 2011

This article surveys various differing approaches to religious simulation in gaming and interactive art, and reports on the design of a specific faith-based game from the designer’s perspective. It looks in-depth at one of a series of short experimental video games that explore
the use of game mechanics to simulate various aspects of religious faith. A number of serious and casual games have been produced over the years by companies catering to religious audiences. These often merely add religious themes to mechanics appropriated from popular games. An example of
this would be Cougar Interactive’s Zoo Race (2007), which thinly drapes the narrative of Noah’s Ark over a racing game. Although there are a small number of independent games that have begun to approach religious and spiritual ritual, such as Ian Bogost’s Guru Meditation
(2009a), most religious games do not attempt to simulate the internal cognitive processes of faith. This article argues that there are opportunities that these games are missing in creating original gameplay that adds to a deeper understanding of their subject matter. The author demonstrates
the idea that games, which through their rules have shown that they can provoke emotion and reflection in the player, can also simulate certain processes of faith.
MACHINIMA REVIEWS
Authors: Johnson Phylis , Runo Lowe , Pluskota Jonathan
Published: October 2011

EDITOR’S NOTE A MOVIESTORM IS BREWING: HARDY CAPO’S AND CHAT NOIR STUDIOS’ MACHINIMA PRODUCTIONS LOWE RUNO’S ACTION FLICK PART ONE, RESCUE AND PERDITION CLOSING REMARKS FROM THE MACHINIMA REVIEW EDITOR: THE CONNE RIVER MACHINIMA PROJECT
Exploration on potential connections between music education and teaching Mandarin to westerners: Evidence from Taiwanese universities
Authors: Rinta Tiija
Published: October 2011

Studying tonal languages has become increasingly popular in the West over the past decade due to the growing economy in the Far East. It has been argued that westerners who have a background in music find it easier to learn a tonal language, including Mandarin. The current study aimed
at exploring the perceptions and experiences of western students learning Mandarin and those of their teachers. The focus was on exploring the role of music and music software in Mandarin teaching and learning practice. A total of 29 students and 25 teachers were interviewed at two different
universities in Taiwan. The collective response was that musical engagement and using music in the classroom can be of great benefit for the students. Reasons for such a view varied, ranging from the effect of music on enhancing memory for pitch to clearer demonstration of Mandarin pronunciation
through the use of singing. In addition, software that depicts the pitch changes of the language and turns them into a song was regarded as a beneficial pedagogic tool. The present study demonstrates that a future, systematic study of developing and evaluating such a pedagogic software would
be essential in clarifying the indicated connections.
Clave-direction analysis: A new arena for educational and creative applications of music technology
Authors: Vurkaç Mehmet
Published: October 2011

Music Information Research abounds with work on the recognition of style, genre, composer and singer, and the detection of beat, tempo, metre and even emotion. However, some musical attributes remain unexplored. One of these, clave direction, is a rhythmic principle found throughout
Latin American music. The purpose of this article is to introduce the significance and potential pedagogical role of automated clave-direction identification, to propose a system-level implementation and to suggest application areas that may benefit performers, educators, students and industry.
Clave direction is an inherent feature of rhythmic patterns, not just of the standard sequences commonly associated with clave. Technological aids to composition, arranging, education, search and music production are needed for a growing population of musicians. Existing and developing methods
of music technology can be used to fulfil this need. Target applications include rhythmtraining equipment, recording and sequencing software, auto-accompaniment and automated querying of databases or the Internet.
Editorial
Authors: Macdonald Ian W.
Published: October 2011

This issue of the Journal of Screenwriting has primarily a historical focus, coincidentally at the same time as valuable collections of historical documentation are under threat from the world economic downturn. In her editorial, Jill Nelmes has eloquently expressed the concern
that many academics in the United Kingdom feel about the threats to screen studies material, in particular the threats to the well-being of the British Film Institute (BFI).
Re-writing Paul Laverty’s screenplay – The Wind that Shakes the Barley (2006)
Authors: Nelmes Jill
Published: October 2011

This article analyses two drafts of Paul Laverty’s screenplay The Wind that Shakes the Barley (2004b, 2005), pointing out that the changes from the first draft to the second draft focus on a single protagonist and emphasize the narrative drive, prioritizing these over informational
detail and scenes which do not have a clear narrative function. In this study, I argue, re-writing acts as a refining and filtering process, in which only the essential parts of the story are retained while the model of ‘cause’ then ‘effect’ is applied to ensure the
linearity of the action.
SCREENWRITING CONFERENCE, COPENHAGEN, SEPTEMBER 2010 CONFERENCE REVIEW
Authors: Langebek Line
Published: October 2011

A HEADY MIX OF THEORY AND PRACTICE – AS OBSERVED BY A NEW RESEARCHER Screenwriting: History, Theory and Practice, The Third Screenwriting Research Network Conference, University of Copenhagen, 9–11 September 2010
Book Reviews
Authors: Conor Bridget , Pallant Chris , Redvall Eva Novrup , Russo Paolo
Published: October 2011

CREATIVE SCREENWRITING: UNDERSTANDING EMOTIONAL STRUCTURE, CHRISTINA KALLAS (TRANS. JOHN HOWARD) (2010) Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 224 pp., ISBN 978-0230221413, Paperback, £16.99; ISBN 978-0230221406, Hardback, £50.00 WRITING FOR THE SCREEN: CREATIVE AND CRITICAL APPROACHES,
CRAIG BATTY AND ZARA WALDEBACK (2008) Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 224 pp. ISBN 978-0230550759, Paperback, £14.99 ANALYSING THE SCREENPLAY, JILL NELMES (ED.) (2011) Oxford and New York: Routledge, 288 pp. ISBN 978-0415556347, paperback, £22.99 BEYOND AUTEURISM: NEW DIRECTIONS
IN AUTHORIAL FILM PRACTICES IN FRANCE, ITALY AND SPAIN SINCE THE 1980s Rosanna Maule (2008), Bristol: Intellect, 294 pp., ISBN 978-1841502045, Hardback, £41.50
REVIEWS
Authors: Forrest David , Hackel Kristiina , Arnett Robert , Trott Sarah
Published: October 2011

ENGLISH FILMING, ENGLISH WRITING, JEFFERSON HUNTER (2010) Bloomington, IN: Indiana Press, 357 pp., ISBN 978-0-253-35443-3, Paperback, £17.99; ISBN 978-0253354433, Hardback, £52.00 THE WOMAN IN THE STORY: WRITING MEMORABLE FEMALE CHARACTERS, HELEN JACEY (2010) Studio City,
CA: Michael Wiese Productions, 225 pp., ISBN: 978-1932907797, Paperback, £17.99 WRITING SUBTEXT: WHAT LIES BENEATH, LINDA SEGER (2011) Studio City, CA: Michael Weise Productions, 176 pp., ISBN 978-1932907964, Paperback, £11.99 BEYOND ADAPTATION: ESSAYS ON RADICAL TRANSFORMATIONS
OF ORIGINAL WORKS, PHYLLIS FRUS AND CHRISTY WILLIAMS (EDS) (2010) Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 226 pp., ISBN 978-0786442232, Paperback, £42.50
CONFERENCE/SYMPOSIUM REVIEWS
Authors: Hogg Christopher , Zeller-Jacques Martin , Myers Claudia
Published: October 2011

TELEVISION NARRATIVES SYMPOSIUM, UNIVERSITY OF YORK, 28 MAY 2011: A REPORT UNIVERSITY FILM AND VIDEO ASSOCIATION CONFERENCE, LAKE CHAMPLAIN COLLEGE, VERMONT, 10–14 AUGUST 2010
The constructive use of film genre for the screenwriter: The relevant knowledge component of the mental space of film genre
Authors: Selbo Jule
Published: October 2011

This exploration is a continuation of my work on the ‘mental space of film genre’, a term I have coined to introduce a terminology to investigate the use of film genre for the screenwriter as he or she constructs a screenplay. Understanding this use of film genre may add
to the screenwriter’s other technical skills such as knowledge of story structure and character construction. I have previously delineated the first two elements of the mental space of film genre in the second issue of the Journal of Screenwriting – schematic knowledge (the use
of film genre as a framing device) and specific knowledge (the understanding of film genre the audience brings to the viewing of filmic narratives). This work will then focus on what I believe to be the important third element of the mental space of film genre – relevant knowledge.
Apple pie from the tree of knowledge
Authors: Christensen Johannes H.
Published: October 2011

A brief introduction to the symbolism of the apple tree in Anders Thomas Jensen’s film Adams æbler/Adam’s Apples (2005).
‘A typical Icelandic murder?’ The ‘criminal’ adaptation of Jar City
Authors: Norðfjörð Björn
Published: October 2011

The domestic and international success of Baltasar Kormákur’s crime thriller Mýrin/ Jar City (2006) is indicative of important changes in both the production and reception of Icelandic films. Prior to its release the few Icelandic films that had been distributed
internationally, including Kormákur’s own 101 Reykjavík (2000), had catered explicitly to foreign audiences by adhering to the norms of the European art film. By contrast, Jar City is a locally produced film, shot in Icelandic, which uses none of Icelandic cinema’s
customary narrative strategies to appeal to a foreign audience. However, belonging to the well-known crime-film genre, Jar City is easily apprehended by any audience despite its local flavour and distinctly Icelandic crime. Notably, Jar City also exemplifies a wave of Icelandic crime films
and television series, constituting a fundamental shift from the model of the European art film to one of generic Hollywood production.
The language of the complex image: Roy Andersson’s political aesthetics
Authors: Brunow Dagmar
Published: October 2011

Departing from the opening scene of Roy Andersson’s 1991 short Härlig är jorden/World of Glory, the article gives an overview of the director’s political aesthetics outlined in his book Vår tids rädsla för allvar. Through the use of static long
shots, stylization and the condensation of time and space Andersson attempts to activate reflection upon existential questions such as solidarity and the individual’s responsibility. In this scene from World of Glory Andersson links these ideas with a critique of Swedish passivity during
the Holocaust.
‘This is a dirty movie’ – Taxi Driver and ‘Swedish sin’
Authors: Björklund Elisabet
Published: October 2011

This article examines a well-known sequence in Martin Scorsese’s 1976 film Taxi Driver in which the main character Travis Bickle takes his date Betsy to the movies and convinces her to see a Swedish sex education film. The article analyses the representation of Swedish cinema
and Swedish sexuality in Taxi Driver, but also discusses the short sequence from a Swedish perspective, revealing a contemporary popular Swedish misconception about it. For this purpose, the sequence as well as the subsequent Swedish interpretation of it are contextualized and considered in
relation to the widespread notion of ‘Swedish sin’.
The ‘Greatest Finn’ meets the ‘Gay Marshal’: Foucault’s cycle, national narratives and The Butterfly of the Urals
Authors: Karkulehto Sanna
Published: October 2011

The article examines the case of the ‘Gay Marshal’, the late C.G.E. Mannerheim, president of Finland, supreme commander of Finnish military forces during World War II, and often voted the ‘Greatest Finn’ in opinion polls. In the puppet-animation film The Butterfly
of the Urals (Katariina Lillqvist, 2008) Mannerheim wears a purple corset and enjoys a relationship with his male servant. The film incited a media war. The article shows how the film’s reception involves Foucault’s cycle, a concept adapted from Michel Foucault’s The History
of Sexuality (1984 [1976]): sexuality fascinates and attracts large audiences, but its visibility is viable only under certain conditions, rules and restrictions. Focusing on sexuality also turns out to be a means of closeting the painful, wilfully forgotten Civil War (1918) history, which
has divided Finland and remained a problematic topic in Finland’s national narratives.
Dealing with crime: cyclic changes in Norwegian crime films
Authors: Engelstad Audun
Published: October 2011

The 1980s not only saw an increase in the number of crime films in Norway, the criminal investigator also made his comeback after being more or less absent throughout the post-war period. Just as with the dominant trend internationally, the criminal investigator was an outsider, a man
of yesteryear that the changing times had left behind. As society was in transition, with the destabilization of family structure, an increase in immigration from the south and the rise of the yuppie culture and its aftermath, criminal cases also changed. In short, the criminal investigator
seemed unfit to meet the demands of a new age. Twenty years later, the criminal investigator appears to be more at ease with himself, although he is still very much an outsider, and the crimes investigated have well-known causes. As a result, Norwegian crime films no longer seem to impart
any implicit politically charged critique.
Preteen girls read 'tween' popular culture: Diversity, complexity and contradiction
Authors: Vares Tiina , Jackson Sue , Gill Rosalind
Published: October 2011

Proliferation of the 'porn-chic' styled woman or girl in postfeminist media underpins contemporary debates about the effects of 'sexualizing' media on girls. Policy reports and popular books frame such media as a significant cause of harm, positioning girls as highly susceptible to
their 'sexualizing' representations. However, what is absent from this literature and current debates are the perspectives of preteen girls themselves. In this article we contribute to the debates by reporting on a three-year empirical study of how 71 'tween' girls in New Zealand make sense
of the popular culture they encounter in their everyday lives. We argue that our analytic focus on diversity, complexity and contradiction in participants' responses to popular representations of femininity counters many of the claims made about the 'sexualization' of preteen girls in the
above literature, in particular, that preteen girls lack the skills to critically engage with the media and will emulate the 'sexualized' styles of advertising and celebrity culture. However, our analysis also illustrates that participants can be both 'critical' readers and 'feel
bad' about themselves in response to the same images. It is, we suggest, attention to the multiplicity and variability of participants' responses that enables us to account for both 'agency' and media influence in ways that do not simply reinscribe girls as 'passive victims' of a 'sexualized'
media and thus takes us beyond the active/passive binary.
Photographs of the young/young photographers: Generation and the generative power of digital images
Authors: Griffiths Mary
Published: October 2011

'Sexualized' digital images of the young, photos which purport to be of the young and photographs taken by the young present new philosophical and policy challenges of the kind Foucault described in his definition of 'problematics': a combination of the history of ideas and the history
of mentalities. This article sets out to describe and analyse 'problematics' associated with the reception of, and public debate about, notable digital images in order to demonstrate the multiple ways in which new technologies are revealing relationships of power and creating the conditions
of possibility for policy change in Australia. Among the cited instances are the Australian Defence Force Academy (ADFA) Skype incident and the YouTube Australian Football League (AFL) 'nude photo' scandal; the fight against the distribution of illegal images by the Australian Federal Police
(AFP); the generative impact of the 'Henson case'; and young photographers' groups hosted by web communities. All Australian images made, and photography practices referred to, took place between 2008 and April 2011. Earlier feminist approaches to photographic images are tested against newer
questions emerging from the use of digital technologies.
Five marriages and a funeral: Constructing the sexually transgressive female on Arab satellite channels
Authors: Al-Mahadin Salam
Published: October 2011

This article discusses the sexually transgressive female on Arab satellite channels. The analysis, restricted to two very controversial drama series broadcast during the holy month of Ramadan 2010, focuses on the stratagems by which female roles on satellite channels are seeking to
be sexually delivered from, to borrow a term from Heidegger, the 'average everydayness' of women's status as downtrodden second-class citizens. The conflation between the actress/role in the first series, Zahra wa Azwajuha al-Khamsa/Zahra and Her Five Husbands, which tackles
the issue of unpremeditated polyandry, created a zone of discomfort that shattered the fantasy the kitschy actress was supposed to cater for. The ensuing anxiety and trauma suspends the fetishization of the actress in a moment when she transgresses, albeit symbolically and unwittingly, into
the hitherto male domain of polygamy. The second series, Ma Malakat Aymanukum/What your Right Hand Possesses, resorts to the overarching metaphor of women as slaves and concubines, as evidenced by the title, to present a portrait of epistemic, socio-religious and political violence
against women, who fight back to reclaim their bodies and identities from slavery. Although the two series could not be more different in terms of their structure, quality of production and dramatic impact, they were met with equal criticism for their perceived breach of religious and social
mores and boundaries.
Mapping the feminist political economy of the online commercial pornography industry: A network approach
Authors: Johnson Jennifer A.
Published: October 2011

The online commercial pornography consists of approximately 4.2 million websites with over 28,000 primarily male users worldwide spending an average of $3000 each second purchasing pornographic material (Ropelato 2007). The development of a robust political economic understanding
of the industry is underdeveloped primarily because of methodological limitations faced when studying such a large and amorphous system. The rise of network-based modalities for the production and distribution of pornographic material opens the door for the application of social network analysis
(SNA) to fill this methodological gap. Using data sampled from the 2007 and early 2008 business reports, I conduct an SNA of the online commercial pornography industry and describe how it relies on affiliate websites to ensnare the consumer in a series of mutually reinforcing websites
designed to reduce consumer choice to extract maximum profit. As opposed to an industry organized to satisfy consumer-driven desire, my research illustrates that at its core, the industry is structured to acquire profit through an antagonistic relationship between (male) webmasters and (male)
consumers.