bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
To the theory of organic macromolecules adhesion on the single-layer graphene: Dangling bonds model
Authors: Davydov S. Yu.
Published: January 2023

A model is proposed in which the interaction of a macromolecule (MM) with a single-layer graphene (SLG) is carried out by dangling interfacial molecular bonds. To estimate the energy of MM-SLG stitching, or adsorption energy (the index i numbers the broken bonds), a simple theoretical scheme, permitting to obtain analytical results, was used. The adhesion energy is defined as the sum of the terms Eads_iNi, where Ni is the concentration of i-type dangling bonds. The obtained results are compared with experimental data on adhesion for various heterostructures Keywords: macromolecule, graphene, charge transfer, adsorption, adhesion.
Optimization of graphene transistor sensors based on quantum capacitance and charge carrier mobility analysis
Authors: Butko A.V.  , Butko V.Y.  , Kumzerov Y.A.
Published: January 2023

Charge density of molecules (Nm) in hybrid nanostructures that is formed at the interface of graphene and liquid in solution gated graphene field effect transistors (SGFETs) determines the selective response of chemical and biological sensors based on these SGFETs. For optimization of this response it is important to determine how it depends on characteristics of SGFETs such as quantum capacitance (Cq) and charge mobility (μ) which are functionally linked to Nm. The proposed model shows that when the gate voltage (Vgate) is near the minimum point of graphene conductivity (Dirac point) the sensor response is low and increases with gate voltage until Cq is approximately equal to the capacitance of the formed double layer (Cdl) in SGFETs. A decrease in sensor response is predicted upon further increase of Vgate in cases where there is a stronger dependence of μ on Nm than μ propto 1/Nm. A comparison of the predicted results of the model and literature data obtained in SGFET sensors for lysine in an aqueous solution are in agreement with the assumption that the optimal condition of Cq~ Cdl is reached approximately in the Vgate region of (0.5-1.4) V from the Dirac Point. Keywords: graphene, hybrid nanostructures, transistor sensor, charge mobility, interface.
Heat capacity, thermal conductivity and magnetocaloric effect in Heusler alloy Ni-=SUB=-47-=/SUB=-Mn-=SUB=-40-=/SUB=-Sn-=SUB=-13-=/SUB=-
Authors: Gamzatov A. G.  , Batdalov A. B.  , Khizriev Sh. K.  , Mukhuchev A. M.  , Aliev A. M.  , Varzaneh A. Ghotbi.  , Kameli P.  , Sarsari I. Abdolhosseini.  , Jannati S.
Published: January 2023

The results of a study of heat capacity, thermal conductivity and magnetocaloric effect of the polycrystalline Ni47Mn40Sn13 alloy depending on temperature (T=80-350 K) and magnetic field (0-8 T) are given. A considerable difference between the values of a sudden change in heat capacity Delta CP in the heating and cooling mode was found near the magnetostructural martensite--austenite phase transition (MSPT), which is related to influence of latent heat of phase transition. Thermal conductivity in the range of T=80-300 K rises with temperature (dkappa/dT>0) and increases in more than three times. Electronic thermal conductivity in the martensitic phase (T=150 K) is 37% of the total value. An anomalous rise of thermal conductivity Deltakappa=kappa(aust)-kappa(mart)=4.2 Wm K was found in the region of MSPT. The contributions of electrons and phonons to the observed sudden change are 63 and 37% respectively and are conditioned both by a rise of mobility of conduction electrons under a martensite--austenite transition and by an increase of phonons' free path length. The magnetocaloric effect in cyclic magnetic fields with the amplitude of 1.8 T was studied. A dependence of reverse effect value on temperature scanning rate was established. The direct measurements of Delta T in the cyclic magnetic field of 1.2 T show a twofold decrease of the effect amplitude near TC at an increase of cyclic magnetic field frequency from 1 to 30 Hz. Most likely, this is related to magnetic and microstructural heterogeneities which act as an additional thermal dissipation channel. Keywords: Heusler alloys, heat capacity, thermal conductivity, magnetocaloric effect, cyclic magnetic fields.
Structure, thermal stability and transport properties of heat-resistant high-entropy ZrTiHfNb alloy
Authors: Ryltsev R.E.  , Estemirova S. Kh.  , Yagodin D. A.  , Sterkhov E. V.  , Uporov S. A.
Published: January 2023

The problem of phase stability is one of the key problems in the study of high-entropy alloys. Here we address this issue for a heat-resistant high-entropy TiZrHfNb alloy with a bcc structure. The evolution of the structure of this alloy is studied during isothermal annealing at T=400oC. It was found that the as-cast alloy consists of two coexisting bcc phases with similar unit cell parameters. This state is homogenized during annealing. Still, the highly stressed nanostructured state is retained and the texture is enhanced. The thermal conductivity of the alloy in the temperature range of 20-400oC changes in the range of 8-16 W/m·K, which is comparable in order of magnitude with the thermal conductivity of steels. Keywords: high-entropy alloys, heat-resistant alloys, phase stability.
Correlation between electrical, galvanomagnetic and magnetic properties of nanocrystalline iron films obtained by ion assisted deposition
Authors: Halauchuk V. I.  , Bumai Y. A.  , Lukashevich M. G.  , Lyadov N. M.  , Faizrakhmanov I. A.  , Khaibullin R.I.
Published: January 2023

Here we present the measurements of the temperature dependence of resistance, transverse and longitudinal magnetoresistance (MR) in nanocrystalline iron films in the temperature range 2-300 K and the sweep of the magnetic field up to 8 T. Thin nanocrystalline films of α-iron phase with 80 nm thickness were obtained by ion-beam assisted deposition on a silicon substrate. In addition to the shape anisotropy, the obtained iron films exhibited perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA), which disappeared after annealing the films at a temperature of 450oC in a vacuum. The effect of PMA on the sign and magnitude of the MR of iron films, as well as on the magnetic field dependences of the magnetoresistive effect, recorded at different orientations of the external magnetic field with respect to the film plane and current direction, is experimentally shown. The results obtained are discussed in the framework of modern views on the processes of charge transfer in a weakly disordered ferromagnetic films with different magnetic anisotropy and domain structure when a weak (less than the saturation field of magnetization) or strong (higher than the saturation field) external magnetic field is applied. Keywords: nanocrystalline iron films, perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, magnetoresistance, anisotropic magnetoresistance, magnon magnetoresistance, percolation, weak localization.
Spin-wave resonance of exchange-coupled three-layers FeNi/Cu/FeNi planar structures
Authors: Vazhenina I.G.  , Stolyar S.V.  , Yakovchuk V.Y.  , Iskhakov R.S.
Published: January 2023

The spectrums of standing exchange spin waves into magnetic sandwich Ni80Fe20/Cu(tCu)/Ni80Fe20 were studied by spin-wave resonance method. The layer of diamagnetic Cu depending on its thickness tCu provided both positive and negative exchange interaction between ferromagnetic layers. It was shown that spin waves modes of SWR spectra which are described by well-known relation Hacres(n)~ n2 are standing acoustic exchange spin oscillations of individual ferromagnetic layers, regardless of a sign of interlayer exchange couple. It was detected that spin modes which are optical satellites of acoustic SWR peaks are described by the dependence of the resonance field Hopres(n)~ n5/2 or Hopres(n)~ n2 depending on the boundary conditions established on inner interfaces. Keywords: spin-wave resonance, surface anisotropy constant, exchange interaction constant, interlayer exchange interaction.
Formation of a dendrite structure in crystals NiFeGaCo alloy in the process of growing by the Stepanov method
Authors: Nosov Yu. G.  , Krymov V. M.  , Vasiliev M.G.  , . Chikiryaka A.V.  , Nikolaev V..i.
Published: January 2023

The process of growing crystals of the NiFeGaCo alloy by the Stepanov method has been developed. It was found that the structural perfection is disturbed by the formation of dendrites, which are distributed inhomogeneously both along the length and in the cross sections of the crystals. The blocking effect of the dendrites on growth crystals of the martensite phase, which appears when the samples are cooled to the temperature of the transition of the crystal to the martensite state, is found. The elemental composition of dendritic formations was studied and it was shown that the iron content in the dendrite is approximately 30% higher, and the gallium content is 40% lower than in the matrix. Based on the modeling of heat transfer processes in the real growth zone, taking into account the experiments performed, recommendations were obtained for suppressing the formation of dendrites Keywords: Dendritic structure, shape memory alloys, Stepanov's method.
Polarized luminescence of MoS-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=- nanodots
Authors: Starukhin A. N.  , Nelson D. K.  , Kurdyukov D. A.  , Stovpyaga E. Y.
Published: January 2023

The effect of temperature on the polarization of the luminescence of the colloidal system of MoS2 nanodots in n-methylpyrrolidone is studied under the condition of linearly polarized excitation. Nanodots are obtained by chemical exfoliation and dispersion of MoS2 microcrystals in a liquid medium under the action of ultrasound. The photoluminescence spectrum of the ensemble of MoS2 nanodots is significantly shifted towards shorter wavelengths with respect to the luminescence spectrum of bulk crystals, which is explained by the quantum-size effect in the electronic spectrum of MoS2 nanocrystals. It is shown that the temperature dependence of the anisotropy of the radiation of nanodots is described by the Levshin-Perrin equation, which takes into account the rotational diffusion of luminescent particles in the liquid matrix. The size of photoexcited nanodots in the framework of the Levshin-Perrin model turns out to be ≥ 1.5 nm and increases with increasing the emission wavelength. It is shown that the sizes of MoS2 nanodots obtained by analyzing the temperature dependence of the emission anisotropy are in satisfactory agreement with the data obtained by analyzing the quantum-size effect in the electronic spectrum of nanodots. Keywords: polarized luminescence, molybdenum disulfide, nanodots, colloidal systems.
Formation of Cu-=SUB=-6-=/SUB=-Sn-=SUB=-5-=/SUB=- intermetallic in Cu/Sn thin films
Authors: Bykova L. E.  , Zharkov S. M.  , Myagkov V. G.  , Balashov Yu. Yu.  , Patrin G. S.
Published: January 2023

The study of the formation of the Cu6Sn5 intermetallic compound in Sn(55 nm)/Cu(30 nm) thin bilayer films was carried out directly in the column of a transmission electron microscope (electron diffraction mode) by heating the film sample from room temperature to 300oC and recording the electron diffraction patterns. The thin films formed as a result of a solid state reaction were monophase and consisted of the eta-Cu6Sn5 hexagonal phase. The temperature range for the formation of the eta-Cu6Sn5 phase was determined. The estimate of the effective interdiffusion coefficient of the reaction suggests that the main mechanism for the formation of the Cu6Sn5 intermetallic is diffusion along the grain boundaries and dislocations. Keywords: thin films, Cu6Sn5 intermetallic compound, transmission electron microscopy, electron diffraction.
Thermophoresis of carbon nanoparticles (nanoribbons and nanotubes) on a flat multilayer substrate of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN)
Authors: Savin A. V.
Published: January 2023

Using the method of molecular dynamics and a 2D chain model, it is shown that thermophoresis of carbon nanoparticles (nanoribbons and nanotubes) on a flat multilayer substrate (on a flat surface of a hexagonal boron nitride crystal) has high efficiency. Placing a nanoparticle on a flat surface of a substrate involved in heat transfer leads to its movement in the direction of the heat flow. The heat flow along the substrate leads to the formation of constant forces acting on the nanoparticle nodes (thermophoresis forces). The main effect of the force is exerted on the edges of graphene nanoribbons, exactly where the main interaction of the nanoribbon with the bending phonons of the substrate occurs. These phonons have a long free path, so the effective transfer of nanoparticles using thermophoresis can occur at sufficiently large distances. The motion of carbon nanoparticles under the action of a heat flow has the form of particle motion in a viscous medium under the action of a constant force. Over time, the nanoparticles always enter the mode of movement at a constant speed. The velocity of the stationary motion is almost the same for all sizes and types of carbon nanoparticles, which is explained by the fact that the thermophoresis force and effective friction have the same source --- the interaction of the nanoparticle with the bending thermal vibrations of the substrate layers. Keywords: nanoribbons, nanotubes, flat multilayer substrates, thermophoresis, 2D model of the multilayer substrate.
Heat Capacity of Scandoborate NdSc-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-(BO_3)-=SUB=-4-=/SUB=-
Authors: Eremin E.V.  , Andryushin N.D.  , Gudim I.A.  , Pavlovskii M.S.  , Titova V.R.
Published: January 2023

Single crystals of trigonal neodymium scandoborate NdSc3(BO_3)4 were grown by the group method from a solution-melt based on bismuth trimolybdate. The molar heat capacity C(T) was studied in the temperature range 2-300 K and magnetic fields up to 9 T. The experimental curve was approximated by the combined Debye-Einstein model. The lattice contribution was determined from ab-initio calculations. Schottky anomaly was observed in the low-temperature region C(T) with the applied magnetic field. Keywords: crystal growth, magnetoelectrics, heat capacity, Schottky anomaly.
Fundamental characteristics of wires for controlled superconducting windings
Authors: Klimenko E. Yu.
Published: January 2023

The performance (stability) of superconducting wires is ensured by smearing of their transient characteristics. The same important property can be used to create reliably controlled superconducting non-degrading windings. The transition to the normal state of such windings is preceded by the appearance of an electric voltage in the area located in the maximum magnetic field. The more smeared is the wire transient response, the greater is the magnitude of the stable voltage. Keywords: laminar windings, controllability, non-isothermal current-voltage characteristic, feedback.
Influence of discharge chamber parameters on the efficiency of ozone generation by pulsed corona discharge
Authors: Filatov I. E.  , Surkov Yu. S.  , Kuznetsov D. L.
Published: January 2023

The article discusses ways to increase the efficiency of ozone production in a coaxial chamber using a pulsed corona discharge. The effect of the discharge gap and the diameter of the potential electrode on the energy efficiency of ozone production using a pulsed corona discharge of negative polarity with duration of 40 ns and voltage of about 100 kV was investigated. It is shown that with an increase in the discharge gap, the productivity of the installation decreases, and the energy efficiency increases. The optimal diameter of the potential electrode has a value of about 0.64 mm. This information will be useful in the development of highly efficient ozonators and in optimizing the parameters of plasma-chemical reactors for air purification by electro-discharge methods. Keywords: pulsed corona discharge, ozone, non-equilibrium plasma, ozonator.
Synthesis and chemoresistive sensitivity to hydrogen of nanostructured CuO films
Authors: Fedorov L. Yu.  , Ushakov A. V.  , Karpov I. V.
Published: January 2023

Highly porous CuO films up to 1 μm thick consisting of vertically oriented nanowires ~ 50 nm in diameter were synthesized by copper evaporation in a vacuum arc discharge in an argon/oxygen atmosphere followed by deposition on heated substrates. The phase composition and polycrystalline nature of the films were confirmed by X-ray diffraction. On the example of gaseous hydrogen H2 at a sensor operating temperature of 300oC, sensory characteristics of CuO films were studied. The qualitative mechanism of the effect of gas on the electrical characteristics of the nanostructured CuO film is described. Keywords: copper oxide, vacuum arc, nanowires, gas sensor.
Dynamics of deformation bands initiated by impact of an indenter on the surface of aluminum-magnesium alloy
Authors: A.A. Shibkov  , A.E. Zolotov  , A.A. Denisov  , M.F. Gasanov
Published: January 2023

The dynamics of macrolocalized deformation bands generated by the impact of a Vickers indenter on the surface of an AlMg6 aluminum-magnesium alloy deformed under creep conditions was studied by high-speed video recording and acoustic emission methods. It has been established that these bands are the trigger for the development of a macroscopic jump in plastic deformation on the creep curve. It is shown that in alloys exhibiting the Portevin-Le Chatelier effect it is necessary to take into account the initiation and propagation of deformation macrobands during surface erosion damage and to estimate the volume and morphology of the plastic zone during impact microindentation of a deformable alloy. Keywords: intermittent deformation, deformation band, impact, indenter, aluminum-magnesium alloy.
The application of supplementary fuels for the control of supersonic reacting air-fuel mix flows in the combustion chamber
Authors: Kolosenok S.V.  , Kuranov A.L.  , Savarovskiy A.A.  , Bulat P.V.  , Galadzhun A.A.  , Levihin A.A.  , Nikitenko A.B.
Published: January 2023

Besides gas-dynamic methods, chemical ones are also suitable for the implementation of stable supersonic combustion of hydrocarbon fuels. Organoelemental compounds are known for their high reactivity, so attention was paid to organosilicon liquid during the research on the experimental model. The obtained estimates of the laminar flame speed in a mixture of vapors of this liquid with air were 0.72-0.8 m/s, which is higher than that of ethylene successfully used in supersonic combustion tests. The tested compound can be considered as a candidate for supplementary fuel to control the supersonic reactive flows in the combustion chambers of ramjet engines. Keywords: supersonic combustion, supplementary fuels, laminar flame speed, combustion efficiency
Modification of the emission surface of a carbonized iridium field emitter during the adsorption of barium atoms
Authors: Bernatskii D. P.  , Pavlov V. G.
Published: January 2023

Field electron microscopy was used to study the modification of the emission surface of a carbonized iridium field emitter when the concentration of barium atoms on the surface changes within the monolayer coating. When barium atoms are adsorbed at a temperature of T=300 K, no significant changes in the field electronic images of the emission surface are observed. The formation of barium islands on graphene in the region of the (100) iridium face at the annealing temperature T=1200 K was detected. At the annealing temperature T=1500 K, the barium island is dissolved and graphene is intercalated by barium atoms. The emission surface increases and becomes uniform in emission. Keywords: field electron emission, carbon, iridium, intercalation, field emitters.
The energy of the surface discharge in the electrode system of parallel stripes
Authors: Lazukin A.V.  , Nikitin A.M.  , Romanov G.A.
Published: January 2023

The results of an experimental study of the dependence of the energy of a surface barrier discharge on the value of the supply sinusoidal voltage with a frequency of 4 and 20 kHz in the electrode system of parallel stripes with a distance between them of 5 and 30 mm are presented. At a distance of 5 mm between the strips, there is a self-limited surface discharge in the electrode system. Self-limiting of the discharge leads to the fact that with an increase in the applied voltage, the energy invested in the electrode system increases more slowly than in the case when the discharge exists without restrictions. The energy of a self-limited discharge is 15-40% lower than the energy of a discharge that exists without restriction. Keywords: surface discharge, energy, volt-coulomb characteristic, self-limited discharge.
Formation of (100) texture in thin Ti films under low-energy ion bombardment
Authors: Selyukov R. V.  , Izyumov M. O.  , Naumov V. V.  , Mazaletskiy L. A.
Published: January 2023

10-40 nm Ti films with mixed crystalline texture (100)+(001) are exposed to ion bombardment in inductively coupled Ar plasma by applying the bias -30 V to the films. It is found that such a treatment leads to the formation of (100) texture in films. This result is explained by the generation of the compressive stress in films as a result of ion bombardment. The thinner the film the less time is required to form the (100) texture. Keywords: crystalline texture, ion bombardment, titanium, thin films.
A method for reconstructing models of heat and mass transfer from the spatio-temporal distribution of parameters
Authors: Bykov N. Y.  , Hvatov A.  , Kalyuzhnaya A.  , Boukhanovsky A. V.
Published: January 2023

An algorithm of the generative design method for reconstruction of heat transfer models from the available data is proposed. The method is applied to generate a partial differential equation describing the process of heating and evaporation of a metal, the surface of which is heated by laser radiation. The high efficiency of the method was demonstrated for the purpose of reconstructing the correct structure of the equation, indicating additional processes accompanying heating as phase transitions, and also for determining the values of the temperature-dependent coefficients of the derivatives. Keywords: Generative design method, data-driven model, laser heating, heat conduction equation.
Long-term reproducibility of emission characteristics of high-current diamond-graphite sources of electrons with field emission under non-stationary vacuum operating conditions
Authors: Yafarov R. K.  , Storublev A. V.
Published: January 2023

The results of a study of the long-term reproducibility of the emission characteristics of electron sources with field emission density of up to 1000 A/cm2 of based on composite nanocarbon films are presented. It was found that high-current field emission is accompanied by the sputtering of residual gas ions from atoms of the cathode material and its sedimentation on the anode. The results can be used to predict the durability of high-current diamond-graphite cathodes with field emission when operating in unsteady temperature-vacuum conditions. Keywords: diamond-graphite nanocomposite, high-current field emission, reproducibility of field emission parameters, service life of cathode with field emission.
Influence of the conditions for the formation of In-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-O-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=--SnO-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=- films by magnetron sputtering on the charge carriers lifetime in silicon
Authors: Kudryashov D. A.  , Gudovskikh A. S.  , Maksimova A. A.  , Baranov A. I.  , Uvarov A. V.  , Morozov I. A.  , Monastyrenko A. O.
Published: January 2023

The critical influence of the indium-tin oxide films formation rate on the degradation degree of the a-Si : H/c-Si interface during magnetron sputtering is shown. It was found that when the distance between the magnetron and the sample is 10 cm, the lifetime decreases from ~ 2 ms to 10 μs, while when this distance is reduced to 7 cm, due to a two-times decrease in the deposition time, a decrease is observed from 1.5 ms to 450 μs. Keywords: silicon, plasma-enhance deposition, thin films, passivation, ITO, solar cells.
Spectrum of a hybrid C-=SUB=-73-=/SUB=-H-=SUB=-90-=/SUB=- molecule containing the Stone-Wallace defect
Authors: Chekulaev M. S.  , Yastrebov S. G.
Published: January 2023

The spectral characteristics of hybtid cluster C73H90 were calculated using the time-dependent Density Functional Theory method. The calculated spectrum demonstrates two maxima: at 5.7 and 3.8 eV, which are close to those in interstellar medium and laboretory experiments. Keywords: interaction of light with matter, new forms of carbon, interstellar medium, Stone-Wales defect.
Creating a Successful Virtual Reality–Based Medical Simulation Environment: Tutorial
Authors: Gupta Sanchit , Wilcocks Kyle , Matava Clyde , Wiegelmann Julian , Kaustov Lilia , Alam Fahad
Published: January 2023

Innovation in medical education is not only inevitable but a requirement. Manikin-based simulation is currently the gold standard for supplemental clinical training; however, this modality requires significant equipment and personnel to operate. Virtual reality (VR) is emerging as a new method of delivering medical simulation sessions that requires less infrastructure but also allows for greater accessibility and flexibility. VR has slowly been integrated into the medical curriculum in some hospitals; however, more widespread adoption would transform the delivery of medical education for future clinicians. This tutorial introduces educators to the BUILD REALITY (begin, use, identify, leverage, define, recreate, educate, adapt, look, identify, test, amplify) framework, a series of practical tips for designing and implementing a VR-based medical simulation environment in their curriculum. The suggestions are based on the relevant literature and the authors’ personal experience in creating and implementing VR environments for medical trainees. Altogether, this paper provides guidance on conducting a needs assessment, setting objectives, designing a VR environment, and incorporating the session into the broader medical curriculum.
Digital Health at Enterprise Scale: Evaluation Framework for Selecting Patient-Facing Software in a Digital-First Health System
Authors: Shapiro Martin , Renly Sondra , Maiorano Ali , Young Jerry , Medina Eli , Neinstein Aaron , Odisho Anobel Y
Published: January 2023

The digital transformation of our health care system will require not only digitization of existing tools but also a redesign of our care delivery system and collaboration with digital partners. Traditional patient journeys are reactive to symptom presentation and delayed by health care system–centric scheduling, leading to poor experience and avoidable adverse outcomes. Patient journeys will be reimagined to a digital health pathway that seamlessly integrates various care experiences from telemedicine, remote monitoring, to in-person clinic visits. Through centering the care delivery around the patients, they can have more delightful experiences and enjoy the quality of standardized condition pathways and outcomes. To design and implement digital health pathways at scale, enterprise health care systems need to develop capabilities and partnerships in human-centered design, operational workflow, clinical content management, communication channels and mechanisms, reporting and analytics, standards-based integration, security and data management, and scalability. Using a human-centered design methodology, care pathways will be built upon an understanding of the unmet needs of the patients to have a more enjoyable experience of care with improved clinical outcomes. To power this digital care pathway, enterprises will choose to build or partner for clinical content management to operationalize up-to-date, best-in-class pathways. With this clinical engine, this digital solution will engage with patients through multimodal communication modalities, including written, audio, photo, or video, throughout the patient journey. Leadership teams will review reporting and analytics functions to track that the digital care pathways will be iterated to improve patient experience, clinical metrics, and operational efficiency. On the backend, standards-based integration will allow this system to be built in conjunction with the electronic medical record and other data systems to provide safe and efficient use of the digital care solution. For protecting patient information and compliance, a security and data management strategy is critical to derisking breeches and preserving privacy. Finally, a framework of technical scalability will allow digital care pathways to proliferate throughout the enterprise and support the entire patient population. This framework empowers enterprise health care systems to avoid collecting a fragmented series of one-off solutions but develop a sustainable concerted roadmap to the future of proactive intelligent patient care.
Toward Diabetes Device Development That Is Mindful to the Needs of Young People Living With Type 1 Diabetes: A Data- and Theory-Driven Qualitative Study
Authors: Brew-Sam Nicola , Parkinson Anne , Chhabra Madhur , Henschke Adam , Brown Ellen , Pedley Lachlan , Pedley Elizabeth , Hannan Kristal , Brown Karen , Wright Kristine , Phillips Christine , Tricoli Antonio , Nolan Christopher J , Suominen Hanna , Desborough Jane
Published: January 2023

Background

An important strategy to understand young people’s needs regarding technologies for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) management is to examine their day-to-day experiences with these technologies.

Objective

This study aimed to examine young people’s and their caregivers’ experiences with diabetes technologies in an exploratory way and relate the findings to the existing technology acceptance and technology design theories. On the basis of this procedure, we aimed to develop device characteristics that meet young people’s needs.

Methods

Overall, 16 in-person and web-based face-to-face interviews were conducted with 7 female and 9 male young people with T1DM (aged between 12 and 17 years) and their parents between December 2019 and July 2020. The participants were recruited through a pediatric diabetes clinic based at Canberra Hospital. Data-driven thematic analysis was performed before theory-driven analysis to incorporate empirical data results into the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) and value-sensitive design (VSD). We used the COREQ (Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research) checklist for reporting our research procedure and findings. In this paper, we summarize the key device characteristics that meet young people’s needs.

Results

Summarized interview themes from the data-driven analysis included aspects of self-management, device use, technological characteristics, and feelings associated with device types. In the subsequent theory-driven analysis, the interview themes aligned with all UTAUT and VSD factors except for one (privacy). Privacy concerns or related aspects were not reported throughout the interviews, and none of the participants made any mention of data privacy. Discussions around ideal device characteristics focused on reliability, flexibility, and automated closed loop systems that enable young people with T1DM to lead an independent life and alleviate parental anxiety. However, in line with a previous systematic review by Brew-Sam et al, the analysis showed that reality deviated from these expectations, with inaccuracy problems reported in continuous glucose monitoring devices and technical failures occurring in both continuous glucose monitoring devices and insulin pumps.

Conclusions

Our research highlights the benefits of the transdisciplinary use of exploratory and theory-informed methods for designing improved technologies. Technologies for diabetes self-management require continual advancement to meet the needs and expectations of young people with T1DM and their caregivers. The UTAUT and VSD approaches were found useful as a combined foundation for structuring the findings of our study.
Linking Activity Theory Within User-Centered Design: Novel Framework to Inform Design and Evaluation of Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems in Pharmacy
Authors: Fossouo Tagne Joel , Yakob Reginald Amin , Mcdonald Rachael , Wickramasinghe Nilmini
Published: January 2023

Background

Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) may cause serious injuries including death. Timely reporting of ADRs may play a significant role in patient safety; however, underreporting exists. Enhancing the electronic communication of ADR information to regulators and between health care providers has the potential to reduce recurrent ADRs and improve patient safety.

Objective

The main objectives were to explore the low rate of ADR reporting by community pharmacists (CPs) in Australia, evaluate the usability of an existing reporting system, and how this knowledge may influence the design of subsequent electronic ADR reporting systems.

Methods

The study was carried out in 2 stages. Stage 1 involved qualitative semistructured interviews to identify CPs’ perceived barriers and facilitators to ADR reporting. Data were analyzed by thematic analysis, and identified themes were subsequently aligned to the task-technology fit (TTF) framework. The second stage involved a usability evaluation of a commercial web-based ADR reporting system. A structured interview protocol that combined virtual observation, think-aloud moderating techniques, retrospective questioning of the overall user experience, and a System Usability Scale (SUS). The field notes from the interviews were subjected to thematic analysis.

Results

In total, 12 CPs were interviewed in stage 1, and 7 CPs participated in stage 2. The interview findings show that CPs are willing to report ADRs but face barriers from environmental, organizational, and IT infrastructures. Increasing ADR awareness, improving workplace practices, and implementing user-focused electronic reporting systems were seen as facilitators of ADR reporting. User testing of an existing system resulted in above average usability (SUS 68.57); however, functional and user interpretation issues were identified. Design elements such as a drop-down menu, free-text entry, checkbox, and prefilled data fields were perceived to be extremely useful for navigating the system and facilitating ADR reporting.

Conclusions

Existing reporting systems are not suited to report ADRs, or adapted to workflow, and are rarely used by CPs. Our study uncovered important contextual information for the design of future ADR reporting interventions. Based on our study, a multifaceted, theory-guided, user-centered, and best practice approach to design, implementation, and evaluation may be critical for the successful adoption of ADR reporting electronic interventions and patient safety. Future studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of theory-driven frameworks used in the design and implementation of ADR reporting systems.
TikTok-assisted care for psychological disorders in cancer patients: a mixed study (Preprint)
Authors: Li Shen , Liu Xia , Wang Xia , Ma Xuelei
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND

The incidence of psychological disorders in cancer patients is increasing every year, yet the vast majority of patients' psychological disorders are not being addressed promptly. With the widespread use of digital health in the clinic, this could be a cost and effective method of mental care for cancer.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to investigate the effect of TikTok on the psychological state of cancer patients, i.e. the level of anxiety, depression and distress, and to explore the effectiveness of using TikTok applied to cancer mental care.

METHODS

455 participants with digestive system cancers were recruited to a mixed study comprising a cross-sectional study and a pre-post study to investigate the effects of using TikTok, one of the world's most popular short video apps, on psychological disorders including anxiety, depression and distress in cancer patients. 392 participants in a cross-sectional study, 63 non-TikTok using patients in a pre-post study of TikTok intervention. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to assess participants’ anxiety and depression, the Distress Thermometer scale to assess participants’ distress, and independent sample t-test and paired sample t-test to assess the effect of the TikTok intervention on participants' psychological state.

RESULTS

In the cross-sectional study, participants who usually used TikTok had lower psychological disorder scores than those who infrequently used TikTok, including anxiety (d=0.32[-0.44,1.08]), depression (d=0.73[0.04,1.41]), and distress (d=0.21[-0.32,0.73]). In the pre-post study, participants showed a significant reduction in the difference between anxiety and depression scores with the TikTok intervention (anxiety: d=0.94 [0.10,1.77], depression: d=1.16 [0.42,1.90]). There was no decrease in distress levels (d=-0.05 [-0.68,0.59]).

CONCLUSIONS

Current research suggests that TikTok can be used as a safe, effective and convenient non-pharmacological method to assist healthcare professionals in the mental health care of cancer patients.
Looking back to the future: Unpacking the first nine months of the novel COVID-19 infodemic on Twitter with a content analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Pant Ichhya , Broniatowski David André , Long Michael , Duwal Sharad , Polackal Jyoti , Chandarana Shikha , Turner Monique Mitchell
Published: January 2023

UNSTRUCTURED

This study analyzed 25,018,086 tweets posted during the initial nine months of the COVID-19 pandemic between March to November 2020. Using a mixed method of automated (i.e., LDA topic model) and manual content analyses, results from this study point to debatable information as the most prevalent and diffused information category followed by credible information, general disinformation, trolling, biased or one-sided and conspiratorial disinformation. Contrary to mainstream understanding, the prevalence of credible information was double that of disinformation. Overall, General Users were the most prolific category of users (53.0%) involved in the spread of COVID-19 related disinformation. News media organizations (16.50%); Writers, Podcasters, Journalists or Media Personalities (9.93%), and Organizations such as Non-Profits, Pharmaceutical Manufacturers, Medical groups, and Businesses (6.64%); Researchers, Scholars, Scientists or Healthcare Professionals (6.09%) were among the top five categories of users tweeting COVID-19 disinformation on Twitter. Politicization of public health was an inherent trait within topics and targets associated with disinformation narratives. Debatable information also warrants further attention, resources, and remediation as the most diffused form of information during the initial nine months of the COVID-19 pandemic on Twitter. Considering the shaping and diffusion of disinformation narratives involved a participatory process, so too must the strategies that respond to this issue. Relevant stakeholders must adopt a whole-of-society lens when devising measures to ensure a healthy information ecosystem on Twitter and other similar social media platforms. They must also address politicization of public health, acknowledge, and clearly communicate scientific and situational uncertainty associated with novel or recurring infectious disease crises and emergencies such as the the COVID-19 pandemic.
Pulse-Based Nutrition Education Intervention Among High School Students to Enhance Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices: Pilot for a Formative Survey Study (Preprint)
Authors: Teshome Getenesh Berhanu , Haileslassie Hiwot Abebe , Shand Phyllis , Lin Yun , Lieffers Jessica R L , Henry Carol
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND

Promoting pulse consumption in schools could improve students’ healthy food choices. Pulses, described as legumes, are rich in protein and micronutrients and are an important food choice for health and well-being. However, most Canadians consume very little pulse-based food.

OBJECTIVE

This pilot study sought to investigate outcomes of a teacher-led, school-based food literacy intervention focused on the Pulses Make Perfect Sense (PMPS) program in 2 high schools in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan.

METHODS

Both high schools were selected using a convenience sampling technique and have similar sociodemographic characteristics. The mean age of students was 16 years. The intervention comprised 7 key themes focused on pulses, which included defining pulses; health and nutritional benefits of pulses; incorporating pulses into meals; the role of pulses in reducing environmental stressors, food insecurity, and malnutrition; product development; taste testing and sensory analysis; and pulses around the world. A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess knowledge, attitudes, practices, and barriers regarding pulse consumption in students at baseline and study end. Teachers were interviewed at the end of the intervention. Descriptive statistics and the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test were used for analysis.

RESULTS

In total, 41 and 32 students participated in the baseline and study-end assessments, respectively. At baseline, the median knowledge score was 9, attitude score was 6, and barrier score was 0. At study end, the median knowledge score was 10, attitude score was 7, and barrier score was 1. A lower score for barriers indicated fewer barriers to pulse consumption. There was a significant difference between baseline and study-end scores in knowledge (P<.05). Barriers to pulse consumption included parents not cooking or consuming pulses at home, participants not liking the taste of pulses, and participants often preferring other food choices over pulses. The teachers indicated that the pulse food-literacy teaching resources were informative, locally available, and easy to use.

CONCLUSIONS

Despite the improvements in knowledge, attitude, and practice, pulse consumption did not change significantly at the end of the intervention. Future studies with larger samples are needed to determine the impact of PMPS on knowledge, attitude, and practice of high school students.
Contents of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ memory cell subpopulations and circulating cytokine levels in psoriasis in children
Authors:   National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, Kuptsova Daria G. , Petrichuk Svetlana V. ,   National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, Murashkin Nikolay N. ,   National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, Radygina Tatiana V. ,   National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, Kurbatova Olga V. ,   National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health
Published: January 2023

In psoriasis, memory T cells form in the immune system and contribute to the development of disease recurrence. In the presence of secondary antigen exposure, CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ memory cells begin to proliferate intensively and develop a more sustained and stronger immune response. There is an imbalance of cytokines in the immunopathogenesis of psoriasis. The aim was to study the content of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ memory cell subpopulations in peripheral blood and circulating cytokines in children with psoriasis. Materials and methods — 114 children with vulgar psoriasis on different pathogenetic therapies between 5 and 18 years of age were examined. The results were obtained by flow cytofluorimetry and multiplex analysis using xMAP technology. Analysis of the data obtained was performed using Statistica 10.0. Results. We found that the content of naïve and central memory T-cells was significantly higher than similar CD8+ memory cells, and the number of effector CD8⁺ cells was significantly higher than CD4⁺ in children with psoriasis (p<0.05). The dependence of memory cells on the age and duration of the disease was found to be significant. The number of effector and terminally differentiated memory cells was shown to depend on the type of therapy. Elevated serum levels of IL-12p70, IL-22, IL-28A, GM-CSF, IL-13, IL-4, IL-23, IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-27, TNFα and their association with memory cell count, and psoriasis severity according to PASI were found. Conclusion. The study of immunological memory will allow a more detailed understanding of the immunopathogenesis of psoriasis, finding new effective treatments and improving patients’ quality of life.
Experimental study of the antioxidant and antidiabetic effects of a colloid nanosized selenium solution
Authors:   Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Gette Irina F. , Fedotov Mikhail A. ,   A.A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sultanova Tatyana R. ,   Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Beda Elizaveta S. ,   Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Savchenko Gleb D. ,   Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin
Published: January 2023

Oxidative stress resulting from an imbalance of free radical oxidation (FRO) and antioxidant defense (AOD) is one of the main pathogenetic processes underlying the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) and its complications. The purpose of the study was to reveal the ability of a colloidal nanosized selenium solution to correct the indices of FRO and AOD in rats when modeling alloxan DM1. Materials and methods. The experiment was carried out on male Wistar rats divided into groups: intact, control (healthy rats treated with selenium); DM1; DM1 treated with selenium. DM1 was simulated by intraperitoneal injection of an alloxan solution at a dose of 170 mg/kg. A solution of selenium was administered intragastrically to diabetic and control rats at a dose of 46.7 μg/kg three times a week (12 injections). A colloidal solution of nanosized selenium was obtained by laser ablation using radiation of two wavelengths. In blood plasma were determined: the content of glucose, urea, creatinine, total protein, reduced glutathione, and malondialdehyde; activity of aminotransferases (AST, ALT), α-amylase, alkaline phosphatase; in whole blood — the content of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c); in hemolysate of erythrocytes — the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase. Results and discussion. Modeling of alloxan diabetes mellitus is accompanied by the development of hyperglycemia and changes in biochemical parameters indicating damage to liver cells (ALT), kidneys (urea, creatinine), myocardium (AST), and the development of oxidative stress (accumulation of malondialdehyde), partially compensated by SOD activation. The antidiabetic effect of selenium solution is manifested in the correction of glucose and HbA1c levels, liver and kidney profile indicators. The antioxidant effect of selenium is manifested in the normalization of the level of malondialdehyde and in reducing the need for reduced glutathione. The administration of selenium to healthy animals is accompanied by an increase in indicators reflecting the stressful effect of intragastric administration procedures (glucose, SOD) and, possibly, the toxic effect of selenium nanoparticles, which requires a more detailed study. Conclusion. A colloidal solution of nanosized selenium, obtained by an original method, had an antioxidant and antidiabetic effect on rats with type 1 alloxan diabetes mellitus.
Проблема определения места шира-югурского языка в классификации монгольских языков в отечественных и зарубежных исследованиях
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS (8, Ilishkin St., 358000 Elista, Russian Federation), Mandzhieva Zayana I.
Published: January 2023

Eastern Yugur is a Mongolic language spoken in Kangle and Mati districts of Gansu Province, China. Eastern Yugur is one of the languages spoken by the Yellow Uyghurs divided into two groups: the endonym of the Mongolic-speaking group is ‘Šera Yogor’, and that of the Turkic-speaking one is ‘Sarïg Yogïr’. Results. The article introduces data on the history of Eastern Yugur-related investigations and mentions researchers to have provided earliest descriptions of the language. Only in the mid-20th century Eastern Yugur started being explored by many scientists, and before that period only fragmentary data on this language had been available. Despite there are different classifications of Mongolic languages, the place of Eastern Yugur therein still remains a subject of research. The article presents a brief review of works to have approached Eastern Yugur in relation to its place in classifications of Mongolic languages, and describes key methods employed thereto.