bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Superior Lithium‐Ion Storage Properties of Mesoporous CuO–Reduced Graphene Oxide Composite Powder Prepared by a Two‐Step Spray‐Drying Process
Authors: Park Gi Dae , Kang Yun Chan
Published: May 2015

Mesoporous CuO–reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composite powders were prepared by using a two‐step spray‐drying process. In the first step, hollow CuO powders were prepared from a spray solution of copper nitrate trihydrate with citric acid and were wet milled to obtain a colloidal spray solution. In the second step, spray drying of the colloidal solution that contained dispersed GO nanosheets produced mesoporous CuO–rGO composite powders with particle sizes of several microns. Thermal reduction of GO nanosheets to rGO nanosheets occurred during post‐treatment at 300 °C. Initial discharge capacities of the hollow CuO, bare CuO aggregate, and CuO–rGO composite powders at a current density of 2 A g−1 were 838, 1145, and 1238 mA h g−1, respectively. Their discharge capacities after 200 cycles were 259, 380, and 676 mA h g−1, respectively, and their corresponding capacity retentions measured from the second cycle were 67, 48, and 76 %, respectively. The mesoporous CuO–rGO composite powders have high structural stability and high conductivity because of the rGO nanosheets, and display good cycling and rate performances.
Acid Chloride Synthesis by the Palladium‐Catalyzed Chlorocarbonylation of Aryl Bromides
Authors: Quesnel Jeffrey S. , Kayser Laure V. , Fabrikant Alexander , Arndtsen Bruce A.
Published: May 2015

We report a palladium‐catalyzed method to synthesize acid chlorides by the chlorocarbonylation of aryl bromides. Mechanistic studies suggest the combination of sterically encumbered PtBu3 and CO coordination to palladium can rapidly equilibrate the oxidative addition/reductive elimination of carbon–halogen bonds. This provides a useful method to assemble highly reactive acid chlorides from stable and available reagents, and can be coupled with subsequent nucleophilic reactions to generate new classes of carbonylated products.
RhV‐Nitrenoid as a Key Intermediate in RhIII‐Catalyzed Heterocyclization by CH Activation: A Computational Perspective on the Cycloaddition of Benzamide and Diazo Compounds
Authors: Zhou Tao , Guo Wei , Xia Yuanzhi
Published: May 2015

A mechanistic study of the substituent‐dependent ring formations in RhIII‐catalyzed CH activation/cycloaddition of benzamide and diazo compounds was carried out by using DFT calculations. The results indicated that the decomposition of the diazo is facilitated upon the formation of the five‐membered rhodacycle, in which the RhIII center is more electrophilic. The insertion of carbenoid into RhC(phenyl) bond occurs readily and forms a 6‐membered rhodacycle, however, the following CN bond formation is difficult both kinetically and thermodynamically by reductive elimination from the RhIII species. Instead, the RhV‐nitrenoid intermediate could be formed by migration of the pivalate from N to Rh, which undergoes the heterocyclization much more easily and complementary ring‐formations could be modulated by the nature of the substituent at the α‐carbon. When a vinyl is attached, the stepwise 1,3‐allylic migration occurs prior to the pivalate migration and the 8‐membered ring product will be formed. On the other hand, the pivalate migration becomes more favorable for the phenyl‐contained intermediate because of the difficult 1,3‐allylic migration accompanied by dearomatization, thus the 5‐membered ring product was formed selectively.
Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Cycloaddition of Azides to Multiple Alkynes: A Selectivity Study Using a Calixarene Framework
Authors: Gorbunov Alexander , Cheshkov Dmitry , Kovalev Vladimir , Vatsouro Ivan
Published: May 2015

Copper(I)‐catalyzed addition of limited amounts of azides to multiple alkynes, which led to statistical mixtures of triazole/acetylene derivatives or, in other cases, resulted in preferred formation of multiple triazoles, was studied at pre‐organizable calixarene platforms bearing up to four propargyl groups. Depending on calixarene structures and reaction conditions, the unprecedented specific or selective formation of exhaustively triazolated calixarenes or a complete loss of the selectivity were observed. Both autocatalytic copper activation and a local copper(I) concentration increase due to copper–triazole complexation were thoroughly studied as the most expected reasons for the selectivity and both were disproved. Mixed triazolated/propargylated calixarenes and their copper(I) complexes proved not to be involved in the cascade‐like process that was modeled to be driven by an intramolecular transfer of two copper(I) ions from a just‐formed binuclear copper intermediate to the adjacent acetylene unit.
A Combined Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed and Photopromoted Process: Synthesis of 2,3‐Fused 4‐Phenylnaphthalen‐1‐yl Carboxylates from 1,7‐Diaryl‐1,6‐diynes
Authors: Yamamoto Yoshihiko , Mori Shota , Shibuya Masatoshi
Published: May 2015

2,3‐Fused 4‐phenylnaphthalen‐1‐yl carboxylates were synthesized in a step‐ and atom‐economical manner using a ruthenium‐catalyzed hydrocarboxylative cyclization of 1,7‐diaryl‐1,6‐diynes and subsequent oxidative photocyclization. The scope of this novel two‐step process was demonstrated by the construction of diverse structures from substrates with various tethers and terminal aryl groups. Late‐stage CH functionalizations of the arylnaphthalene product further enhance the synthetic potential of the developed process.
Synthesis and Coordination Chemistry of Iminophosphanes
Authors: van Dijk Tom , Burck Sebastian , Rosenthal Amos J. , Nieger Martin , Ehlers Andreas W. , Slootweg J. Chris , Lammertsma Koop
Published: May 2015

Iminophosphanes are a new group of 1,3‐P,N‐ligands, readily obtainable from secondary phosphanes and nitrilium ions, having a tunable N‐donor site by means of varying the imine substituents. These ligands give, in high yields, monodentate gold complexes and bidentate rhodium and iridium complexes. Crystal structures are reported for both the ligands and the complexes.
ChemInform Abstract: Flux Synthesis and Crystal Structure Determination of the Colored Skutterudite Ir2Sn3Se3.
Authors: Yan Wenjie , Pielnhofer Florian , Tragl Samuel A. , Weihrich Richard
Published: May 2015

Ir2Sn3Se3 (IrSn1.5Se1.5) is prepared by high‐temperature reaction of the elements (belt apparatus, 600 °C, 40 kbar, 1 h), microcrystalline powder and single crystals are obtained by solid state reaction of Ir and an excess of SnSe acting as reactive flux (1000 °C, 5 d; slow cooling).
ChemInform Abstract: Outstanding Laser Damage Threshold in Li2MnGeS4 and Tunable Optical Nonlinearity in Diamond‐Like Semiconductors.
Authors: Brant Jacilynn A. , Clark Daniel J. , Kim Yong Soo , Jang Joon I. , Weiland Ashley , Aitken Jennifer A.
Published: May 2015

Li2MnGeS4 (I) and Li2CoSnS4 (II) are prepared by solid state reaction of Mn (Co), Ge (Sn), S, and 20% excess Li2S (graphite crucible in evacuated silica tubes, 700 °C resp.
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Voltage Cathode Materials for Lithium‐Ion Batteries: Freeze‐Dried LiMn0.8Fe0.1M0.1PO4/C (M: Fe, Co, Ni, Cu) Nanocomposites.
Authors: Iturrondobeitia Amaia , Goni Aintzane , Gil de Muro Izaskun , Lezama Luis , Kim Chunjoong , Doeff Marca , Cabana Jordi , Rojo Teofilo
Published: May 2015

LiMn0.8Fe0.1M0.1PO4/C (M: Fe, Co, Ni, Cu) nanocomposite cathode materials are prepared by freeze‐drying of aqueous solutions of citric acid, Mn(OAc)3, LiOH, NH4H2PO4, and M(OAc)2 in stoichiometric quantities (‐80 °C, 48 h, 3 x 10‐1 mbar).
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular CHEVREL‐Like Clusters [(RhPPh3)6(μ3‐Se)8] and [Pd6(μ3‐Te)8]4‐.
Authors: Thiele Guenther , You Zhiliang , Dehnen Stefanie
Published: May 2015

[(RhPPh3)6(μ3‐Se)8] ·0.5en is obtained by layering a solution of [K(18‐crown‐6)]2[Pb2Se3] in en with a saturated THF solution of Rh(PPh3)3Cl (2 weeks, 16% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Photocatalytic α‐Oxyamination of Stable Enolates, Silyl Enol Ethers, and 2‐Oxoalkane Phosphonic Esters.
Authors: Schroll Peter , Koenig Burkhard
Published: May 2015

Fast α‐oxyamination of stable enolates, silyl enol ethers, and in situ deprotonated dialkyl 2‐oxoalkane phosphonates and diphenyl‐2‐oxoalkyl phosphine oxides is performed in the presence of [Ru(bipy)3]2+ as a photocatalyst, TEMPO, and visible light.
ChemInform Abstract: A Rhodium Triphenylphosphine Catalyst for Alkene Hydrogenation Supported on Neat Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles.
Authors: Thiel Werner R. , et al.
Published: May 2015

The catalytic system is applicable to the hydrogenation of terminal and internal alkenes, including sterically hindered and carbonyl‐containing substrate.
ChemInform Abstract: Broensted Acid‐Catalyzed Hydroarylation of Activated Olefins.
Authors: Fleischer Ivana , Pospech Jola
Published: May 2015

Diphenyl phosphate proves to be a useful catalyst for the regiospecific hydroarylation of activated olefins under mild, transition‐metal free conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper/Silver‐Mediated Direct ortho‐Ethynylation of Unactivated (Hetero)aryl C—H Bonds with Terminal Alkyne.
Authors: Liu Yue‐Jin , Liu Yan‐Hua , Yin Xue‐Song , Gu Wen‐Jia , Shi Bing‐Feng
Published: May 2015

An efficient synthesis of aryl alkynes using the removable PIP as directing group is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Oraganocatalyzed Desymmetrization of 3‐Substituted Cyclobutanones Through Michael Addition to Nitroalkenes.
Authors: Capitta Francesca , Frongia Angelo , Ollivier Jean , Aitken David J. , Secci Francesco , Piras Pier Paolo , Guillot Regis
Published: May 2015

The reaction provides 3‐alkyl/aryl‐2‐(2‐nitro‐1‐alkyl/aryl)cyclo‐1‐butanones as mixture of the two diastereomers bearing a trans‐ring configuration.
ChemInform Abstract: Straightforward Synthesis of 1,2‐Dicyanoalkanes from Nitroalkenes and Silyl Cyanide Mediated by Tetrabutylammonium Fluoride.
Authors: Kiyokawa Kensuke , Nagata Takaya , Hayakawa Junpei , Minakata Satoshi
Published: May 2015

A straightforward synthesis of 1,2‐dicyanoalkanes by reacting nitroalkenes with trimethylsilyl cyanide in the presence of tetrabutylammonium fluoride is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Regio‐ and Stereocontrolled Nucleophilic Trifluoromethylthiolation of Morita—Baylis—Hillmann Carbonates.
Authors: Dai Xiaoyang , Cahard Dominique
Published: May 2015

Appropriate conditions to obtain various thermodynamically more stable primary allylic SCF3‐derivatives as well as one example for a kinetically more stable secondary allylic SCF3‐product are elaborated.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereodivergent Synthesis of Arylcyclopropylamines by Sequential C—H Borylation and Suzuki—Miyaura Coupling.
Authors: Miyamura Shin , Araki Misaho , Suzuki Takayoshi , Yamaguchi Junichiro , Itami Kenichiro
Published: May 2015

A step‐economical and stereodivergent synthesis of 2‐arylcyclopropylamines (ACPAs) through a C(sp3)—H borylation and Suzuki—Miyaura coupling sequence has been developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Aerobic Oxynitration of Alkynes with tBuONO and TEMPO.
Authors: Dutta Uttam , Maity Soham , Kancherla Rajesh , Maiti Debabrata
Published: May 2015

The reaction tolerates a wide range of functionalized aryl alkynes and hetaryl alkynes, di‐ and triethynylbenzenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Self‐Propagated Lossen Rearrangement Induced by a Catalytic Amount of Activating Agents under Mild Conditions.
Authors: Hoshino Yujiro , Shimbo Yuki , Ohtsuka Naoya , Honda Kiyoshi
Published: May 2015

The acetic anhydride‐catalyzed rearrangement of aromatic and aliphatic hydroxamic acids to the corresponding amines is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Aryl α‐Diimine/Palladium‐Catalyzed Bis‐alkoxycarbonylation of Olefins for the Synthesis of Substituted Succinic Diesters.
Authors: Fini Francesco , Beltrani Michela , Mancuso Raffaella , Gabriele Bartolo , Carfagna Carla
Published: May 2015

Aromatic and aliphatic olefins are converted into α‐substituted succinic acid diesters by using oxidative alkoxycarbonylation with carbon monoxide and alcohol.
ChemInform Abstract: Application of Bidentate Oxazoline—Carbene Ligands with Planar and Central Chirality in Asymmetric β‐Boration of α,β‐Unsaturated Esters.
Authors: Niu Zonghong , Chen Jianqiang , Chen Zhen , Ma Manyuan , Song Chun , Ma Yudao
Published: May 2015

A series of chiral bidendate oxazoline‐carbene precursors, based on [2.2]paracyclophane, is developed and applied in copper‐catalyzed β‐boration of α,β‐unsaturated esters.
ChemInform Abstract: A Fast and Benign Synthesis of α‐Aminonitriles by Reusable Immobilized AlCl3 on γ‐Al2O3.
Authors: Pamar M. Geeta , Govender P. , Pillay K. , Abrahamse H. , Nanjundaswamy H. M.
Published: May 2015

AlCl3 immobilized on γ‐Al2O3 is an efficient, safe, and environmentally friendly catalyst for the synthesis of a wide range of α‐aminonitriles (IV) via Strecker reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Application of Bis(oxazoline) in Asymmetric β‐Amination of Chalcones.
Authors: Deng Tao , Wang Hongjun , Cai Chun
Published: May 2015

β‐Imidoketones (III) are enantioselectively synthesized using a chiral bis‐(oxazoline) ligand.
ChemInform Abstract: KOtBu‐Mediated Aerobic Transition‐Metal‐Free Regioselective β‐Arylation of Indoles: Synthesis of β‐(2‐/4‐Nitroaryl)‐indoles.
Authors: Kumar Shailesh , Rathore Vandana , Verma Ajay , Prasad Ch. Durga , Kumar Amit , Yadav Abhimanyu , Jana Sadhan , Sattar Moh. , Meenakshi Meenakshi , Kumar Sangit
Published: May 2015

β‐Arylation in unprotected indoles can be achieved chemo‐ and regioselectively by employing KOtBu at room temperature in air without using a transition metal catalyst and aryl halide coupling partner.
ChemInform Abstract: Regio‐ and Diastereoselective Vinylogous Mannich Addition of 3‐Alkenyl‐2‐oxindoles to a α‐Fluoroalkyl Aldimines.
Authors: Liu Yingle , Yang Yi , Huang Yangen , Xu Xiu‐Hua , Qing Feng‐Ling
Published: May 2015

The protocol tolerates a variety of functional groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Bifunctional Catalysts Based on m‐Phenylene‐Bridged Porphyrin Dimer and Trimer Platforms: Synthesis of Cyclic Carbonates from Carbon Dioxide and Epoxides.
Authors: Maeda Chihiro , Taniguchi Tomoya , Ogawa Kanae , Ema Tadashi
Published: May 2015

Highly active bifunctional diporphyrin and triporphyrin catalysts are synthesized through Stille coupling reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic C—H Allylation and Benzylation of Pyrazoles.
Authors: Bae Seri , Jang Ha‐Lim , Jung Haeun , Joo Jung Min
Published: May 2015

A new strategy for the preparation of C5‐allyl and benzyl pyrazoles is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetically Separable Nano CeO2: A Highly Efficient Catalyst for Ligand Free Direct C—H Arylation of Heterocycles.
Authors: Shelkar Radheshyam S. , Balsane Kishor E. , Nagarkar Jayashree M.
Published: May 2015

The catalytic system proves valuable for the 2‐functionalization of benzoxazole and benzothiazole with various aryl iodides, aryl bromides, and the cheaper aryl diazonium tetrafluoroborates.
ChemInform Abstract: Polymer Anchored Ruthenium Complex: A Highly Active and Recyclable Catalyst for One‐Pot Azide—Alkyne Cycloaddition and Transfer‐Hydrogenation of Ketones under Mild Conditions.
Authors: Molla Rostam Ali , Roy Anupam Singha , Ghosh Kajari , Salam Noor , Iqubal Md Asif , Tuhina K. , Islam Sk Manirul
Published: May 2015

The polymer anchored ruthenium catalyst can be easily recovered by filtration and reused for six consecutive cycles with consistent catalytic activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 5‐Cyanopyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyridine Derivatives via Tandem Reaction and Their Optical Properties.
Authors: Wang Bin , Su Fan , Jia Jiong , Wu Fan , Zhang Shu‐Yao , Ge Yan‐Qing , Wang Jason , Wang Jian‐Wu
Published: May 2015

A novel tandem reaction of 5‐carbonylpyrazole derivatives with 4‐bromobut‐2‐enenitrile provides access to pyrazolopyridine derivatives displaying blue fluorescence.
ChemInform Abstract: Ag(I)‐Catalyzed Tandem [6 + 3] Annulation/Isomerization of Isocyanoacetates with Fulvenes: An Expedient Approach to Synthesize Fused Dihydropyridines.
Authors: He Zhao‐Lin , Wang Chun‐Jiang
Published: May 2015

The first Ag(I)‐catalyzed [6 + 3] cycloaddition/isomerization of fulvenes and isocyanoacetates for the facile access to fused dihydropyridines with high functionality is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 5,7‐Diarylpyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidines via KOH Mediated Tandem Reaction of 1H‐Pyrazol‐3‐amines and Chalcones.
Authors: Kaswan Pinku , Pericherla Kasiviswanadharaju , Purohit Deepshikha , Kumar Anil
Published: May 2015

The title process offers operational simplicity, short reaction times, and good functional group tolerance.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Stereoselective Aminoboration of Bicyclic Alkenes.
Authors: Sakae Ryosuke , Hirano Koji , Satoh Tetsuya , Miura Masahiro
Published: May 2015

A copper‐catalyzed, exo‐selective aminoboration of bicyclic alkenes, including oxa‐ and azabenzonorbornadienes, is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: First Total Synthesis of a Guanidine Alkaloid Nitensidine D Using Immobilized Ionic Liquid, Microwaves and Formamidinesulfinic Acid.
Authors: Shallu Shallu , Sharma M. L. , Singh Jasvinder
Published: May 2015

A total synthesis of the guanidine alkaloid nitensidine D (I) is reported, which uses geraniol as starting material.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural and Bonding Patterns in Gold Clusters
Authors: Mingos D. Michael P.
Published: May 2015

Review: 85 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Hydrogen Formation During Water Radiolysis in Presence of Zirconium Dioxide
Authors: Skotnicki Konrad , Bobrowski Krzysztof
Published: May 2015

Review: 27 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cascade Catalysis — Strategies and Challenges en Route to Preparative Synthetic Biology
Authors: Muschiol Jan , Peters Christin , Oberleitner Nikolin , Mihovilovic Marko D. , Bornscheuer Uwe T. , Rudroff Florian
Published: May 2015

Review: 17 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Linchpin Dienes: Key Building‐Blocks in the Synthesis of Polyenic Frameworks
Authors: Cornil J. , Guerinot A. , Cossy J.
Published: May 2015

Review: [65 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Unconventional, Chemically Stable, and Soluble Two‐Dimensional Angular Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: From Molecular Design to Device Applications
Authors: Zhang Lei , Cao Yang , Colella Nicholas S. , Liang Yong , Bredas Jean‐Luc , Houk K. N. , Briseno Alejandro L.
Published: May 2015

Review: 51 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Exploration of Earth‐Abundant Transition Metals (Fe, Co, and Ni) as Catalysts in Unreactive Chemical Bond Activations
Authors: Su Bo , Cao Zhi‐Chao , Shi Zhang‐Jie
Published: May 2015

Review: 70 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Goldberg Reaction: Development, Mechanistic Insights and Applications
Authors: Thomas Anns Maria , Sujatha Asha , Anilkumar Gopinathan
Published: May 2015

Review: 72 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Fused Polycyclic Aromatics Incorporating Boron in the Core: Fundamentals and Applications
Authors: Escande Aude , Ingleson Michael J.
Published: May 2015

Review: [79 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Dynamic Structure Elucidation of Chemical Reactivity by Laser Pulses and X‐Ray Probes
Authors: Bartlett Stuart A. , Hamilton Michelle L. , Evans John
Published: May 2015

Review: 56 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural and Electron Aspects of Nitrogen‐Nitrogen Bond
Authors: Gajda Katarzyna , Zarychta Bartosz , Ejsmont Krzysztof
Published: May 2015

Review: 21 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Hybrid Energy Storage: The Merging of Battery and Supercapacitor Chemistries
Authors: Dubal D. P. , Ayyad O. , Ruiz V. , Gomez‐Romero P.
Published: May 2015

Review: 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Biological Sulfate Reduction for Treatment of Gypsum Contaminated Soils, Sediments, and Solid Wastes
Authors: Kijjanapanich Pimluck , Annachhatre Ajit P. , Lens Piet N. L.
Published: May 2015

Review: 131 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Silica Sol‐Gel Chemistry: Creating Materials and Architectures for Energy Generation and Storage
Authors: Membreno Daniel , Smith Leland , Dunn Bruce
Published: May 2015

Review: 67 refs.
High‐Performance Liquid Chromatographic Enantioseparation of Cyclic β‐Amino Acids on Zwitterionic Chiral Stationary Phases Based on Cinchona Alkaloids
Authors: Ilisz István , Gecse Zsanett , Lajkó Gyula , Forró Enikõ , Fülöp Ferenc , Lindner Wolfgang , Péter Antal
Published: May 2015

Stereoselective high‐performance liquid chromatographic separations of eight sterically constrained cyclic β‐amino acid enantiomer pairs were carried out using the newly developed Cinchona alkaloid‐based zwitterionic chiral stationary phases Chiralpak ZWIX(+) and ZWIX(−). The effects of the mobile phase composition, the nature and concentrations of the acid and base additives, the counterions and temperature on the separations were investigated. The changes in standard enthalpy, Δ(ΔH°), entropy, Δ(ΔS°), and free energy, Δ(ΔG°), were calculated from the linear van't Hoff plots derived from the ln α vs. 1/T curves in the studied temperature range (10–50°C). The values of the thermodynamic parameters depended on the nature of the selectors and the structures of the analytes. Unusual temperature behavior was observed on the ZWIX(−) column: decreased retention times were accompanied by increased separation factors with increasing temperature. On the ZWIX(+) column only enthalpically, whereas on the ZWIX(−) column both enthalpically and entropically driven separations were observed. The elution sequence was determined in all cases and was observed to be the opposite on ZWIX(+) and on ZWIX(−). Chirality 27:563–570, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Performances of helical baffle heat exchangers with different baffle assembly configurations
Authors: Dong Cong , Chen Yaping , Wu Jiafeng
Published: May 2015

The flow and heat transfer characteristics of helical baffle heat exchangers with diverse inclined angles and baffles, but similar baffle pitch and tube layout, were numerically simulated, three using non‐continuous trisection baffles, two using non‐continuous quadrant baffles, and one using a continuous helical baffle. The results show that, under the same operating conditions, the 20°TCO (trisection circumferential overlap baffles with 20° inclined angle) structure can significantly enhance shell side heat transfer with strong Dean vortex “secondary flow“ and restrained V‐notch leakage, because the shapes of trisection baffles are very suitable to equilateral triangle tube layout and there is a row of tubes to dampen the leakage flow in each circumferential overlapped area of adjacent baffles. The shell side Nusselt Number Nuo and comprehensive index (Nuo/Euz,o1/3) of 20°TCO structure are 18.31 %, 25.82 %, 5.93 %, 6.36 %, and 15.04 %, and 15.43 %, 18.47 %, 5.30 %, 3.91 %, and 11.10 % higher than those of the 20°TEE (trisection end‐to‐end baffles with 20° inclined angle), 36.2°TMO (trisection middle overlap baffles with 36.2° inclined angle), 18°QCO (quadrant circumferential overlap baffles with 18° inclined angle), 18°QEE (quadrant end‐to‐end baffles with 18° inclined angle), and 18.4°CH (continuous helical baffle with 18.4° helical angle) structures, respectively.
Glycans in Medicinal Chemistry: An Underexploited Resource
Authors: Fernández‐Tejada Alberto , Cañada F. Javier , Jiménez‐Barbero Jesús
Published: May 2015

The biological relevance of glycans as mediators of key physiological processes, including disease‐related mechanisms, makes them attractive targets for a wide range of medical applications. Despite their important biological roles, especially as molecular recognition elements, carbohydrates have not been fully exploited as therapeutics mainly due to the scarcity of structure–activity correlations and their non‐drug‐like properties. A more detailed understanding of the complex carbohydrate structures and their associated functions should contribute to the development of new glycan‐based pharmaceuticals. Recent significant progress in oligosaccharide synthesis and chemical glycobiology has renewed the interest of the medicinal chemistry community in carbohydrates. This promises to increase our possibilities to harness them in drug discovery efforts for the development of new and more effective, synthetic glycan‐based therapeutics and vaccines.
A Phytochemical–Halogenated Quinoline Combination Therapy Strategy for the Treatment of Pathogenic Bacteria
Authors: Abouelhassan Yasmeen , Garrison Aaron T. , Bai Fang , Norwood Verrill M. , Nguyen Minh Thu , Jin Shouguang , Huigens Robert W.
Published: May 2015

With the continued rise of drug‐resistant bacterial infections coupled with the current discouraging state of the antibiotic pipeline, the need for new antibacterial agents that operate through unique mechanisms compared with conventional antibiotics and work in synergy with other agents is at an all‐time high. We have discovered that gallic acid, a plant‐derived phytochemical, dramatically potentiates the antibacterial activities of several halogenated quinolines (up to 11 800‐fold potentiation against Staphylococcus aureus) against pathogenic bacteria, including drug‐resistant clinical isolates. S. aureus demonstrated the highest sensitivity towards gallic acid–halogenated quinoline combinations, including one halogenated quinoline that demonstrated potentiation of biofilm eradication activity against a methicillin‐resistant S. aureus (MRSA) clinical isolate. During our studies, we also demonstrated that these halogenated quionlines operate through an interesting metal(II) cation‐dependent mechanism and display promising mammalian cytotoxicity.
Evolution of the hippocampus in reptiles and birds
Authors: Striedter Georg F.
Published: May 2015

Although the hippocampus is structurally quite different among reptiles, birds, and mammals, its function in spatial memory is said to be highly conserved. This is surprising, given that structural differences generally reflect functional differences. Here I review this enigma in some detail, identifying several evolutionary changes in hippocampal cytoarchitecture and connectivity. I recognize a lepidosaurid pattern of hippocampal organization (in lizards, snakes, and the tuatara Sphenodon) that differs substantially from the pattern of organization observed in the turtle/archosaur lineage, which includes crocodilians and birds. Although individual subdivisions of the hippocampus are difficult to homologize between these two patterns, both lack a clear homolog of the mammalian dentate gyrus. The strictly trilaminar organization of the ancestral amniote hippocampus was gradually lost in the lineage leading to birds, and birds expanded the system of intrahippocampal axon collaterals, relative to turtles and lizards. These expanded collateral axon branches resemble the extensive collaterals in CA3 of the mammalian hippocampus but probably evolved independently of them. Additional examples of convergent evolution between birds and mammals are the loss of direct inputs to the hippocampus from the primary olfactory cortex and the general expansion of telencephalic regions that communicate reciprocally with the hippocampus. Given this structural convergence, it seems likely that some similarities in the function of the hippocampus between birds and mammals, notably its role in the ability to remember many different locations without extensive training, likewise evolved convergently. The currently available data do not allow for a strong test of this hypothesis, but the hypothesis itself suggests some promising new research directions. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:496–517, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Anatomical organization of the visual dorsal ventricular ridge in the chick (Gallus gallus): Layers and columns in the avian pallium
Authors: Ahumada‐Galleguillos Patricio , Fernández Máximo , Marin Gonzalo J. , Letelier Juan C. , Mpodozis Jorge
Published: May 2015

The dorsal ventricular ridge (DVR) is one of the main components of the sauropsid pallium. In birds, the DVR is formed by an inner region, the nidopallium, and a more dorsal region, the mesopallium. The nidopallium contains discrete areas that receive auditory, visual, and multisensory collothalamic projections. These nidopallial nuclei are known to sustain reciprocal, short‐range projections with their overlying mesopallial areas. Recent findings on the anatomical organization of the auditory DVR have shown that these short‐range projections have a columnar organization that closely resembles that of the mammalian neocortex. However, it is unclear whether this columnar organization generalizes to other areas within the DVR. Here we examine in detail the organization of the visual DVR, performing small, circumscribed deposits of neuronal tracers as well as intracellular fillings in brain slices. We show that the visual DVR is organized in three main laminae, the thalamorecipient nucleus entopallium; a dorsally adjacent nidopallial lamina, the intermediate nidopallium; and a contiguous portion of the ventral mesopallium, the mesopallium ventrale. As in the case of the auditory DVR, we found a highly topographically organized system of reciprocal interconnections among these layers, which was formed by dorsoventrally oriented, discrete columnar bundles of axons. We conclude that the columnar organization previously demonstrated in the auditory DVR is not a unique feature but a general characteristic of the avian sensory pallium. We discuss these results in the context of a comparison between sauropsid and mammalian pallial organization. J. Comp. Neurol. 523:2618–2636, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
C‐5 Propynyl Modifications Enhance the Mechanical Stability of DNA
Authors: Aschenbrenner Daniela , Baumann Fabian , Milles Lukas F. , Pippig Diana A. , Gaub Hermann E.
Published: May 2015

Increased thermal or mechanical stability of DNA duplexes is desired for many applications in nanotechnology or ‐medicine where DNA is used as a programmable building block. Modifications of pyrimidine bases are known to enhance thermal stability and have the advantage of standard base‐pairing and easy integration during chemical DNA synthesis. Through single‐molecule force spectroscopy experiments with atomic force microscopy and the molecular force assay we investigated the effect of pyrimidines harboring C‐5 propynyl modifications on the mechanical stability of double‐stranded DNA. Utilizing these complementary techniques, we show that propynyl bases significantly increase the mechanical stability if the DNA is annealed at high temperature. In contrast, modified DNA complexes formed at room temperature and short incubation times display the same stability as non‐modified DNA duplexes.
Guaranteed cost synchronization of complex networks with uncertainties and time‐Varying delays
Authors: He Ping , Wang Xue‐Lin , Li Yangmin
Published: May 2015

This article focuses on the problem of Guaranteed cost synchronization of complex networks with uncertainties and time‐Varying delays. Sufficient conditions for the existence of the optimal guaranteed cost control laws are introduced in the light of linear matrix inequalities via the Lyapunov–Krasovskii stability theory. The time‐varying node delays and time‐varying coupling delays are simultaneously regarded in the complex network. The node uncertainties and coupling uncertainties are simultaneously considered as well. Numerical simulations are provided to account for the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method. The results in this article generalize and improve the corresponding results of the recent works. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 21: 381–395, 2016
Tracking atomic processes throughout the formation of heteroepitaxial interfaces
Authors: Scheerschmidt Kurt , Moutanabbir Oussama
Published: May 2015

Understanding the atomic processes governing the formation a heteroepitaxial interface is central to predict and control the basic physical and chemical properties of a variety of hetero‐structures. With this perspective, we address in this work the dynamic behavior of Ge atoms deposited on Si‐surfaces by molecular dynamics simulations using enhanced bond order potentials. We demonstrate that the deposition of Ge atoms on Si surface induces the competition between several processes including adsorption, desorption, and bulk and surface diffusion involving atomic exchange, substitution, and clustering. By tracking these process, the simulations provide unprecedented insights onto the assembly of the first atomic layer of Ge on Si, the nucleation, growth, and relaxation of islands and quantum dots as well as of defect generation in the bulk.
Activation of brain steroidogenesis and neurogenesis during the gonadal differentiation in protandrous black porgy, Acanthopagrus schlegelii
Authors: Lin Chien‐Ju , Fan‐Chiang Yi‐Chun , Dufour Sylvie , Chang Ching‐Fong
Published: May 2015

The early brain development, at the time of gonadal differentiation was investigated using a protandrous teleost, black porgy. This natural model of monosex juvenile fish avoids the potential complexity of sexual dimorphism. Brain neurogenesis was evaluated by histological analyses of the diencephalon, at the time of testicular differentiation (in fish between 90 and 150 days after hatching). Increases in the number of both Nissl‐stained total brain cells, and Pcna‐immunostained proliferative brain cells were observed in specific area of the diencephalon, such as ventromedialis thalami and posterior preoptic area, revealing brain cell proliferation. qPCR analyses showed significantly higher expression of the radial glial cell marker blbp and neuron marker bdnf. Strong immunohistochemical staining of Blbp and extended cellular projections were observed. A peak expression of aromatase (cyp19a1b), as well as an increase in estradiol (E2) content were also detected in the early brain. These data demonstrate that during gonadal differentiation, the early brain exhibits increased E2 synthesis, cell proliferation, and neurogenesis. To investigate the role of E2 in early brain, undifferentiated fish were treated with E2 or aromatase inhibitor (AI). E2 treatment upregulated brain cyp19a1b and blbp expression, and enhanced brain cell proliferation. Conversely, AI reduced brain cell proliferation. Castration experiment did not influence the brain gene expression patterns and the brain cell number. Our data clearly support E2 biosynthesis in the early brain, and that brain E2 induces neurogenesis. These peak activity patterns in the early brain occur at the time of gonad differentiation but are independent of the gonads. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 76: 121–136, 2016
Absence of both Sos‐1 and Sos‐2 in peripheral CD4+ T cells leads to PI3K pathway activation and defects in migration
Authors: Guittard Geoffrey , Kortum Robert L. , Balagopalan Lakshmi , Çuburu Nicolas , Nguyen Phan , Sommers Connie L. , Samelson Lawrence E.
Published: May 2015

Sos‐1 and Sos‐2 are ubiquitously expressed Ras‐guanine exchange factors involved in Erk‐MAP kinase pathway activation. Using mice lacking genes encoding Sos‐1 and Sos‐2, we evaluated the role of these proteins in peripheral T‐cell signaling and function. Our results confirmed that TCR‐mediated Erk activation in peripheral CD4+ T cells does not depend on Sos‐1 and Sos‐2, although IL‐2‐mediated Erk activation does. Unexpectedly, however, we show an increase in AKT phosphorylation in Sos‐1/2dKO CD4+ T cells upon TCR and IL‐2 stimulation. Activation of AKT was likely a consequence of increased recruitment of PI3K to Grb2 upon TCR and/or IL‐2 stimulation in Sos‐1/2dKO CD4+ T cells. The increased activity of the PI3K/AKT pathway led to downregulation of the surface receptor CD62L in Sos‐1/2dKO T cells and a subsequent impairment in T‐cell migration.
The ironic effect of national identification on support for collective action
Authors: Mähönen Tuuli Anna , Jasinskaja‐Lahti Inga
Published: May 2015

Previous research has suggested that dual and superordinate identities are not only prerequisites of collective action among minority group members but they can also be associated with greater acceptance of the ingroup's disadvantaged position. In this three‐wave study among Ingrian Finnish migrants from Russia to Finland (N=153T1−85T3), we tested the indirect association between superordinate national identification (T1) and support for collective action (T3), via perceived permeability of group boundaries (T2). Support for collective action was operationalized as one's personal willingness, and the perceived need of the Russian‐speaking community, to engage in it. When controlling for the direct association between Russian minority identification and support for collective action, perceived permeability was shown to mediate the negative association between Finnish national identification and support for community's collective action. Thus, being close to the majority may make immigrants perceive group boundaries as more permeable and be less inclined to improve their group's position.
The Processing of Food Stimuli in Abnormal Eating: A Systematic Review of Electrophysiology
Authors: Wolz Ines , Fagundo Ana B. , Treasure Janet , Fernández‐Aranda Fernando
Published: May 2015

To update the knowledge about attentional processing of food stimuli, a systematic review of electrophysiological studies was conducted using PubMed, PsychInfo and Web of Knowledge (2000–2014). Twenty‐one studies were included into a qualitative synthesis. Presentation of food and control pictures was used to analyze event‐related potentials related to sensory processing and motivated attention. Results show consistent attentional bias towards food pictures compared with neutral pictures for patient and control groups. Group comparisons between individuals with abnormal‐eating and healthy‐eating participants were more inconsistent. Results suggest that temporal differences in the millisecond range are essential for the understanding of visual food processing. In obesity, early attention engagement to food is followed by relatice disengagement. Loss of control eating, as well as external and emotional eating, are associated with a sustained maintenance of attention towards high‐caloric food. There is a lack of studies in anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Higher‐order surface treatment for discontinuous Galerkin methods with applications to aerodynamics
Authors: Silveira A. S. , Moura R. C. , Silva A. F. C. , Ortega M. A.
Published: May 2015

When dealing with high‐order numerical methods, an adequate treatment of curved surfaces is required not only to guarantee that the expected high‐order is maintained in the vicinity of surfaces but also to avoid steady‐state convergence issues. Among the variety of high‐order surface treatment techniques that have been proposed, the ones employing NURBS (non‐uniform rational B‐splines) to describe curved surfaces can be considered superior both in terms of accuracy and compatibility with computer‐aided design softwares. The current study describes in detail the integration of NURBS‐based geometry description in a high‐order solver based on the discontinuous Galerkin formulation. Particularly, this work also discusses how and why NURBS curves of very high order can be employed within standard NURBS‐based boundary treatment techniques to yield reduced implementation complexity and computational overhead. Theoretical estimates are provided along with numerical experiments in order to support the proposed approach. Minding engineering applications in the context of compressible aerodynamics, additional simulations are addressed as numerical examples to illustrate the advantages of using higher‐order NURBS in practical situations. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predicting Recessions with Leading Indicators: Model Averaging and Selection over the Business Cycle
Authors: Berge Travis J.
Published: May 2015

Four methods of model selection—equally weighted forecasts, Bayesian model‐averaged forecasts, and two models produced by the machine‐learning algorithm boosting—are applied to the problem of predicting business cycle turning points with a set of common macroeconomic variables. The methods address a fundamental problem faced by forecasters: the most useful model is simple but makes use of all relevant indicators. The results indicate that successful models of recession condition on different economic indicators at different forecast horizons. Predictors that describe real economic activity provide the clearest signal of recession at very short horizons. In contrast, signals from housing and financial markets produce the best forecasts at longer forecast horizons. A real‐time forecast experiment explores the predictability of the 2001 and 2007 recessions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimized formulation and processing protocol for a supplementary bean‐based composite flour
Authors: Ndagire Catherine T. , Muyonga John H. , Manju Reddy , Nakimbugwe Dorothy
Published: May 2015

Protein‐energy malnutrition is the most serious nutritional body depletion disorder among infants and young children in developing countries, attributable to inadequate energy and nutrient intake, partly due to high dietary bulk of weaning and infant foods. The gruels fed to children are typically of low nutrient and energy density due to the low flour incorporation rate required for drinking viscosity. The aim of this study was to develop a nutritious product, based on common dry beans and other grains, suitable for supplementary feeding. The optimal processing conditions for desired nutritional and sensory attributes were determined using Response Surface Methodology. For bean processing, soaking for 6, 15, or 24 h, germination for 24 or 48 h, and cooking under pressure for either 10 or 20 min were the independent variables. The processed bean flour's total polyphenol, phytic acid and protein content, the sensory acceptability of the bean‐based composite porridge and its protein and starch digestibility were dependent variables. Based on product acceptability, antinutrients and protein content, as well as on protein and starch digestibility, the optimum processing conditions for the bean flour for infant and young child feeding were 24 h of soaking, 48 h of malting, and 19 min of steaming under pressure. These conditions resulted in a product with the highest desirability. The model equations developed can be used for predicting the quality of the bean flour and the bean‐based composite porridge. Bean optimally processed and incorporated with grain amaranth and rice flours of a ratio of 40: 30: 30, respectively, resulted into flour with high energy, mineral, and nutrient density of the final porridge. The composite is well adaptable to preparation at rural community level. The use of these locally available grains and feasible processes could make a great contribution to nutrition security in sub‐Saharan Africa and other developing countries.
Understanding the carbon dioxide sequestration in low‐permeability saline aquifers in the Ordos Basin with numerical simulations
Authors: Xie Jian , Zhang Keni , Hu Litang , Wang Yongsheng , Chen Maoshan
Published: May 2015

A carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and storage demonstration project was started in 2010 by injecting around 100 000 tonnes of super‐critical CO2 per annum into a set of very low‐permeability sandstone at depths of more than 1600 m in the northeastern Ordos Basin, China. Based on the site‐specific geology and the observational data, a numerical injection model was developed in order to understand the hydrodynamic behavior of CO2 in the subsurface for evaluating reservoir performance. The results show that the model reasonably described the spreading of the CO2 plume. The Triassic Liujiagou sandstone aquifer is the most favorable storage formation for CO2 sequestration at the site of interest. After three years of injection of CO2, the maximum lateral migration distance of CO2 plume is about 550 m and the pressure build‐up is about 13 MPa in the Liujiagou formation for the actual injection simulation. The major storage layer is at depths of 1690–1699 m, which contributes around 80% of injectivity of the entire reservoir system. The leakage of CO2 into the geological seals is negligible (<0.1%) over the entire simulation period. Regardless of the relatively good fit during the calibration period, the model overestimated the pressures associated with the injection thereafter. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
A2a and a2b adenosine receptors affect HIF‐1α signaling in activated primary microglial cells
Authors: Merighi Stefania , Borea Pier Andrea , Stefanelli Angela , Bencivenni Serena , Castillo Carlos Alberto , Varani Katia , Gessi Stefania
Published: May 2015

Microglia are central nervous system (CNS)‐resident immune cells, that play a crucial role in neuroinflammation. Hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1 (HIF‐1), the main transcription factor of hypoxia‐inducible genes, is also involved in the immune response, being regulated in normoxia by inflammatory mediators. Adenosine is an ubiquitous nucleoside that has an influence on many immune properties of microglia through interaction with four receptor subtypes. The aim of this study was to investigate whether adenosine may affect microglia functions by acting on HIF‐1α modulation. Primary murine microglia were activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with or without adenosine, adenosine receptor agonists and antagonists and HIF‐1α accumulation and downstream genes regulation were determined. Adenosine increased LPS‐induced HIF‐1α accumulation leading to an increase in HIF‐1α target genes involved in cell metabolism [glucose transporter‐1 (GLUT‐1)] and pathogens killing [inducible nitric‐oxide synthase (iNOS)] but did not induce HIF‐1α dependent genes related to angiogenesis [vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)] and inflammation [tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α)]. The stimulatory effect of adenosine on HIF‐1α and its target genes was essentially exerted by activation of A2A through p44/42 and A2B subtypes via p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and Akt phosphorylation. Furthermore the nucleoside raised VEGF and decreased TNF‐α levels, by activating A2B subtypes. In conclusion adenosine increases GLUT‐1 and iNOS gene expression in a HIF‐1α‐dependent way, through A2A and A2B receptors, suggesting their role in the regulation of microglial cells function following injury. However, inhibition of TNF‐α adds an important anti‐inflammatory effect only for the A2B subtype. GLIA 2015;63:1933–1952
Constraints on Compliance and the Impact of Health Information in Rural Pakistan
Authors: Bennett Daniel , Asjad Naqvi Syed Ali , Schmidt Wolf‐Peter
Published: May 2015

The provision of information, which is a common public health strategy, may be ineffective if recommendations are not privately optimal for message recipients. This paper evaluates the response to a hygiene information campaign in rural Pakistan. In a theoretical model, baseline hygiene and health proxy for preferences, prices, and wealth, which jointly moderate the impact of information. We show that people with good baseline hygiene and health respond differentially to the hygiene message. This result, which does not appear to arise through differential learning, suggests that practical constraints limit the adoption of hygiene recommendations. Information provision may exacerbate health inequality under these conditions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reduction of Working Time: Does It Lead to a Healthy Lifestyle?
Authors: Ahn Taehyun
Published: May 2015

I examine whether working hours have a causal effect on the health behaviors of workers. In assessing the causal relationship, I estimate fixed‐effects instrumental variable models by using exogenous variation in adopting a reduced workweek in South Korea as an instrument for work hours. The estimation results reveal that shortening work hours induces individuals to exercise regularly and decreases the likelihood of smoking, with more pronounced effects for heavy smokers. While a work‐hour reduction substantially increases the probability of drinking participation, it does not significantly affect the likelihood of frequent or daily drinking habits. In addition, the effect of a work‐hour reduction on regular exercise is salient among women and older groups, and the effect on smoking behaviors is more pronounced among men and middle‐aged groups. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.