bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of smoking on severity and outcome in patients with COVID-19 infection in Mosul city
Authors: Alsaaty Mohammad , alyyouzbaki Abdullah , thanoon wael
Published: June 2021

Background: The novel coronavirus ( SARS CoV 19) is responsible for the
pandemic infection after starting in 2019 in Wuhan city /China, several
small studies were done since then to determine the effects of smoking
on the severity, outcome & mortality of patients with COVID-19 but the
results were inconclusive, this study aims to assess the impact of
active smoking on severity and outcome in patients with COVID-19
infection in Mosul city/Iraq. Methods: A prospective cohort study was
conducted on 160 patients ( 80 patients were active smokers & 80
non-smoker patients) who have been diagnosed with COVID-19 infection by
using real-time PCR, the study was done at Ibn-Sina teaching hospital in
Mosul city/Iraq from May 2020 until December 2020. A detailed history
was taken from the patients, full clinical examination & blood tests
were done. The following parameters were recorded & compared between
the 2 groups: severity of symptoms, inflammatory markers, D dimer, liver
function test (LFT), oxygen use, hospitalization & outcome. Results:
the symptoms of COVID-19 were more severe in the non smokers group
(34.4%) compared to the smokers (25%) & it was statistically
significant (p-value = 0.016), the inflammatory markers were also higher
in the non-smokers (31.9%) compared to the smokers (20.0%) ( p-value =
0.011) , D dimer & LFT were also higher in the non-smoker group (
p-value = 0.01 & 0.008 respectively). There was no statistical
difference regarding oxygen use, hospitalization, ICU admission,
mortality, or post-recovery complications. Conclusion: severe
symptomatic COVID-19 infection was more common in the non-smoker group,
the inflammatory markers, D-dimer & LFT were higher in the non-smokers
compared to the smokers. No statistical difference was found regarding
O2 use, hospitalization, ICU admission, mortality & residual
complications.
Dos limites da atuação do conciliador no processo civil: uma análise crítica na perspectiva do Estado Democrático Moderno
Authors: Barzotto Luciane Cardoso , Oliveira Theodoro Luís Mallmann de
Published: June 2021

O objetivo deste artigo é descrever e analisar de forma crítico-analítica os limites da atuação do conciliador no processo civil moderno à luz do CPC de 2015, o qual prioriza de forma preponderante a solução consensual dos conflitos, nos moldes do art. 3º, §3º do referido diploma. Para tanto, abordar-se-á o histórico, princípios e vantagens da composição consensual de litígios, demonstrando a relevância do papel do conciliador nesse sentido, à luz da consolidação de um Estado democrático onde os direitos dos cidadãos são satisfeitos de forma mais célere, ao mesmo tempo em que se encontra sujeito a limites normativos materiais e processuais. Nesse propósito, serão adotados os métodos: indutivo científico, bem como o dialético.
Violência doméstica e familiar contra a mulher: uma abordagem a partir da metateoria do direito fraterno
Authors: Martini Sandra Regina , Taveira Élida Martins de Oliveira
Published: June 2021

O presente artigo tem por objetivo apresentar uma leitura da violência doméstica e familiar contra a mulher sob a ótica da fraternidade, para destacar medidas alternativas de prevenção, com enfoque médico-terapêutico. Realiza-se pesquisa bibliográfica e normativa sobre o tema e adota-se as bases teóricas da Metateoria do Direito Fraterno, de Eligio Resta.
A influência dos meios de comunicação na opinião pública no sistema político
Authors: Brito Rafaela Silva , Teixeira Eliana Maria de Souza Franco
Published: June 2021

Os meios de comunicação de massa, como rádio, jornal, televisão, internet, em um estado democrático de direito, são detentores de poder, porque concentram as informações. Influenciam a opinião privada e pública, porque, do que é veiculado pela mídia por meio da emissão da mensagem, da notícia, da informação, é recebido por aquelas pessoas que estão conectadas a eles. São diversas as informações transmitidas e se aterá àquelas que estão ligadas à política. Assim, o problema que a pesquisa busca responder é: de que maneira os meios de comunicação podem influenciar a opinião pública no sistema político? A investigação utilizará da pesquisa documental e bibliográfica estabelecendo como caminho a exploração dos meios de comunicação no contexto industrial, depois da análise dos meios de comunicação e sua relação com a mídia e, por último, da compreensão do que vem a ser a opinião pública e a interação com o sistema político. O resultado da pesquisa mostra que houve um processo histórico de formação dos meios de comunicação e que a utilização destes pode exercer eficaz influência sobre o sistema político.
O instituto dos “assentos” e a função jurídica dos Supremos Tribunais
Authors: Paggiatto Luciana
Published: June 2021

Há mortos que ressuscitam, pois a obra versa sobre o problema existente quanto a inconstitucionalidade dos assentos portugueses, e a temática ressurge ao passo que ocorre o ressurgimento do instituto, com a nova roupagem intitulada súmula vinculante, não obstante a existência de críticas em ventos opostos.
“Davis e a obsolescência das prisões”
Authors: Salatini Rafael
Published: June 2021

Trata-se de uma resenha da obra: DAVIS, Angela. Estarão as prisões obsoletas? Trad. Marina Vargas. Rio de Janeiro: DIFEL, 2018. (142 p.)
Educação e direito: a conexão necessária para a formação integral e integradora da criança e do adolescente junto ao ambiente escolar
Authors: Gimenez Melissa Zani
Published: June 2021

Apresenta-se uma pesquisa empírica realizada nos anos iniciais do primeiro ciclo do ensino fundamental, mais precisamente nos 3º e 4º anos, no decorrer dos anos letivos de 2016 e 2017, realizada na “EMEF Professor Antonio Andrade Guimarães, na cidade de Vera Cruz/SP. Neste contexto, o objetivo geral da presente pesquisa foi de promover atividades pedagógicas relacionadas ao Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente-ECA, enfatizando os preceitos presentes na lei de nº 11.525/2007, para incluir conteúdo que trate dos direitos das crianças e dos adolescentes no currículo do ensino fundamental, em diálogo com as demais matérias curriculares, avaliando conhecimentos, comportamentos e atitudes anteriores e posteriores à formação. O estudo do diploma estatutário despontou em sala de aula, como um código de ética infanto-adolescente, para contribuir na formação cidadã dos estudantes do ensino fundamental, enquanto seres humanos em processo de desenvolvimento, priorizando a Doutrina da Proteção Integral oportunizando a possibilidade de resolução de conflitos da sociedade. Foi construído junto aos alunos um ensino-aprendizagem por via de resoluções de contendas coletivas, bem assim, o pensar sobre os seus direitos e deveres, enquanto seres coletivos e pertencentes a um sistema social. Com o decorrer da prática educativa, os resultados evidenciaram mudanças comportamentais e de concepções, aumento da segurança, autoestima e capacidade argumentativa por parte das crianças, maior frequência escolar, bem como maior frequência dos pais ou responsáveis em reuniões escolares. Essa prática pedagógica realça uma tendência que acompanha o desenvolvimento da proteção dos direitos humanos, em que as crianças são titulares de direito e não objeto de proteção, critérios norteadores para a elaboração e aplicação das normas infanto-adolescentes. Nesse ínterim, a fraternidade desponta como alavanca de efetivação do ordenamento legal estatutário nas salas de aula, concretizando um direito pertencente às minorias que ficam à mercê da maioria, dos adultos, para a real efetivação de seus direitos. Optou-se pela abordagem metodológica qualitativa, a qual compreende a observação, registro e análise dos dados por meio de categorias descritivas. Utilizou-se, também, questionários com perguntas abertas. O procedimento adotado foi o método hipotético-dedutivo em que a educação estatutária nas salas de aula é analisada como mecanismo de construção da personalidade ético-social do pequeno cidadão, desenvolvendo um projeto de vida, influenciando não apenas em seus futuros, mas da própria sociedade. Palavras-chave: Educação cidadã. Base Nacional Comum Curricular. Transdisciplinaridade. Ensino híbrido. Afeto.
SACRED IMAGE OF TERNOPIL REGION
Authors:   Department of Fine Arts, Design and Methods of Teaching Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatyuk National Pedagogical University, O Dyachok
Published: June 2021

The article highlights the stages of formation of the architecture of temple complexes in the Ternopil region, which today form the sacred image of the region. The set of sources used in the study has different origins, gives researchers information for analysis of sacred architecture in the modern Ternopil region, which can be used in further research. The source base of the study are churches of different denominations - Orthodox, Catholic, Greek Catholic, Jewish, Armenian, as well as the remains of pre-Christian complexes. Such ethnic and confessional heterogeneity, complex socio-political processes on the territory of the region have given rise to a typological diversity of temples, which differ in style, dimensional solution, decoration. The analysis of sacred complexes was carried out by the method of field surveys, historical and comparative analysis and was based on reliable archival sources, data from research institutions, reserves and publications of leading scientists. European periodisation system was used in the analysis of the formation stages of sacred architecture: the Middle Ages, Renaissance, Reformation, Enlightenment, the period of XIX-XX centuries and the modern period. Each stage is marked by the appearance of majestic temples, which are bright dominants in the architectural space of settlements and creating a unique sacred image of the Ternopil region. It is shown that there are almost no sacred objects of the early medieval period left in the study area, except for mounds and cave temples. The High Middle Ages are represented by single temples. The Renaissance period declares the adoption of Western European construction technology. Temples have a pronounced defence function. The Ternopil region is most vividly represented by the Baroque temples of the Enlightenment. The period of the XIX-XX centuries. marked by the search for a national style in sacred architecture. Modern temple complexes are built according to the traditional planning system, but some have modern forms.
CHURCH OF THE DISCALCED CARMELITES IN LVIV AND THEIR ARCHITECTURAL STYLE
Authors:   Department of Art History University of Vienna, S Husak
Published: June 2021

The former church and monastery of the Discalced Carmelites, present Greek Catholic Michael the Archangel Church, is one of the most unexplored sacred buildings of Lviv. Despite its historical importance to the town, the few surviving documents list only donations and royal privileges. This article refers to examples of other Carmelite churches, as well as Italian religious houses to try to explain the possible building process. Not only them but also the already existing convents of the city shaped its form, which is significant for locating its history within the local building tradition.
ARCHITECTURAL, ECONOMIC, AND MENTAL FACTORS OF THE REVIVAL OF HISTORICAL INDUSTRIAL FACILITIES IN THE CONTEXT OF THE FORMATION OF TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES OF UKRAINE (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE RENOVATION OF A SALT FACTORY IN DROHOBYCH)
Authors:   Department of Architectural Environment Design Lviv Polytechic National University, V Proskuryakov , S Ivanov-Kosteckyy ,   Department of Architectural Environment Design Lviv Polytechic National University, A Fitio ,   NGO ''AC ''EXPERT-GROUP'', M Anisimova ,   Department of Business Economics and Investment Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: June 2021

The article highlights the path and factors influencing the revival of historical sites on the example of the renovation of a salt factory in Drohobych.
ARCHITECTURAL WORKS OF PIERRE RICAUD DE TIRREGAILLE IN GALICIA
Authors:   Ethnology Institute of NAS of Ukraine, Lviv, V Taras
Published: June 2021

The article analyzes the life and creative path of the French military engineer, geometer and architect Pierre Rico de Tiregail (1725 – after 1772).
MULTIMEDIA ART AS A MEANS OF EXPRESSION FOR ARCHITECTURAL AND STAGE DESIGN IDEAS BY YEVHEN LYSYK
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Department of Architectural Environment Design, Ivanna Voronkova
Published: June 2021

The paper features the multimedia means employed to arrange an interactive space in public buildings. The advancement of computer technologies contributed to the development of the multimedia kind of art, with its versatility, multiplicity, and distinctness. Multimedia art can be integrated into the design of an objective-spatial environment in two ways: mechanical (implemented through the use of kinetic art objects, or kinetic deep spatial art) and multimedia (achieved through the use of sensory technologies and the creation of interactive projections onto surfaces). The author explored the approaches to the development of objective-spatial environment through multimedia objects: an imaginative approach based on the formation of the objective-spatial environment focusing on the generation of imagery and artistic expressiveness of the interior; functional utilitarian approach contributing to the arrangement of an objective-spatial environment dominated by the functionality of objects filling the interior. The paper reasons the possibility to integrate Yevhen Lysyk’s stage design ideas with the multimedia technical means to produce an interactive dynamic design as an artistic performance within the public building. It would contribute to the preservation of artworks by the brilliant scenographer still used in contemporary repertoire, and also add to the diversity of space, make bright imagery of the interior, and underlie its functionality. Moreover, with the help of modern digital technologies, we can increase the range of supporters of Yevhen Lysyk’s art to cultivate the feeling of the beautiful and the love for genuine art.
Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Solvabilitas, Size Perusahaan Terhadap Timeliness Laporan Keuangan
Authors: Derianto Fery , Indra Arza Fefri
Published: June 2021

This study aims to provide empirical evidence regarding the factors that affect the timeliness of financial reporting on manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2017-2019. Timeliness is information that ready to be used before losing meaning by companies who use financial statements and their capacity is still available for make a decision. The determinant factors in this study are profitability, solvency and firm size. By using purposive sampling method, obtained research samples of 30 companies. The dependent variable of this study is timeliness measured by the date the audited annual financial statement is submitted to BAPEPAM by using a dummy variable. The independent variables in this study are profitability, solvency, and firm size. Profitability is measured using return on assets (ROA), solvency is measured by the debt to assets ratio (DAR), and firm size is measured by natural log of total assets. The analysis technique used is multiple regression analysis. The results of this study are the solvency has a significant and positive effect on the timeliness of financial reporting, while profitability and company size do not have an influence on the timeliness of financial reporting
Pengaruh Ukuran Pemerintah, Opini Audit Dan Terpilihnya Kembali Kepala Daerah Sebelumnya (Petahana) Terhadap Audit Delay Pada Pemerintah Provinsi Di Indonesia
Authors: Vanesha Abriany , Syofyan Efrizal
Published: June 2021

Financial statements that were not provided on time may cause those report loses their capacity to influence decisions. This study aims to examine the effects of goverments size, audit opinion, incumbent on audit delay in indonesia. This study used 165 financial reports from 33 provincial goverment in indonesia from 2014-2018. Researc data was obtained from the financial audit agency and directorate general of financial balance. The dependent variable of this researc is audit delay. While the independent variables include the size of goverment, audit opinion dan incumbent. Multiple regresion analysis was used to tes the hypothesis. The test results show that audit opinion has a significant effect on audit delay. But size of goverment and incumbent does not have a significant effect on audit delay.
PKM Literasi Keuangan Melalui Pelatihan Trading Saham Syariah Pada Guru-Guru MGMP Akuntansi dan Ekonomi SMA Se-Kota Pariaman
Authors: Mulyani Erly , Fitra Halkadri , Taqwa Salma , Agustin Henri , Indra Arza Fefri
Published: June 2021

This community service aims to increase partner literacy about Islamic stock trading. Partners in this service are MGMP accounting and economics teachers in SMA Pariaman City. This community service provides training, discussion, practice and monitoring to partners. There were 25 participants who took part in this activity. After the training, the participants were able to make transactions in the capital market. This can be seen from the activities of the participants who directly buy and sell Islamic shares using the POST PRO application.
Pengaruh Ukuran Perusahaan, Likuiditas, Dan Konservatisme Akuntansi Terhadap Kualitas Laba
Authors: Safitri Rahmadini , Afriyenti Mayar
Published: June 2021

The study aims to test empirically the effect of firm size, liquidity, and accounting conservatism of earnings quality. This study uses a quantitative approach with a causal associative research type. The population used in this study are manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2015-2019. By using the purposive sampling method, 155 samples were selected. Earnings quality is measured by regressing the CAR value (Narita, 2020). Company size is measured by LogSize. Liquidity is measured using the current ratio. And accounting conservatism is measured using the Givoly and Hayn (2000) model. The results indicate that firm size has no significant effect on earnings quality, in contrast to liquidity and accounting conservatism has a significant positive effect on earnings quality. For further research, it is hoped that it can expand the object and the year of research because this study only examines manufacturing companies for the 2015-2019 observation year. For other research, it is expected to add independent variables so that the results are better.
Pengaruh Debt Default, Financial Distress Dan Ukuran Perusahaan Terhadap Penerimaan Opini Audit Modifikasi Going Concern
Authors: Putri Reza Purnama Eka , Helmayunita Nayang
Published: June 2021

This study aims to test empirically the effect of debt default, financial distress and company size on the acceptance of going concern modification audit opinion. This research uses a quantitative approach with the type of causal research. The population used in this study are mining companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2014-2018. By using purposive sampling method obtained 95 samples. Default debt is measured by dummy variables. Financial Distress is measured by the Grover Model (2001). Company size is measured using LogNatural's total assets. And going concern modification audit opinion is measured using dummy variables. The results show that debt default and financial distress have a significant effect on going concern modification audit opinion acceptance, while company size has a significant negative effect on going concern modification audit opinion. Further research is expected to expand the object and year of research because this study only examines mining companies for the 2014-2018 observation year. For other research, it is expected to add independent variables so that the results are better.
Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Busines Risk, Growth of Assets, Operating Leverage terhadap Struktur Modal
Authors: Oktaviana Anggraini , Taqwa Salma
Published: June 2021

Business competition today makes many companies strive to achieve their main goals. Maximizing company value is one of the main goals of every company. Maximizing company value by fulfilling company funds that come from internal and external sources of the company. Determination of the proportion of long-term debt and capital in its use as a source of a company has a company that is closely related to the capital structure. This study aims to see the effect of profitability, business risk, asset growth, operating leverage on the capital structure of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2015-2019 period. This type of research is quantitative. The population used in this study are manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) with a sample size of 170 samples using purposive sampling method. The analysis was performed using multiple regression models. The results of this study indicate that: (1) Profitability has a negative and significant effect on capital structure (2). Business risk has a negative and insignificant effect on capital structure (3) Asset growth has a positive and insignificant effect on capital structure (4) Operating leverage has a negative and insignificant effect on capital structure
Pengaruh Non Performing Financing (NPF) Terhadap Profitabilitas Bank Syariah di Indonesia
Authors: Suprianto Edy , Setiawan Hendry , Rusdi Dedi
Published: June 2021

This study examines the effect of NPF on the profitability of Islamic banks in Indonesia. The research population is  the whole of the research object to be examined. The population of this study is all Islamic commercial banks for the 2014-2018 period registered with Bank Indonesia. The sample was selected by purposive sampling method. The results of this study indicate that NPF has a negative effect on the profitability of Islamic banks in Indonesia.Keywords: NPF, Profitability, and Syari’ah Bank.
La política sobre el capital humano en investigación: Los investigadores Renacyt
Authors: Livia Segovia José Hector
Published: June 2021

Señala Rojas (2012) que los países desarrollados son ricosporque decidieron invertir en una economía basada en elconocimiento. La economía basada en la agricultura teníacomo eje principal de producción a la tierra, en la sociedadindustrial fueron los recursos naturales, el capital físico y eltrabajo. Ahora, el factor fundamental es el conocimiento,el mismo que permite el crecimiento económico y crearriqueza.El concepto economía del conocimiento se estructuraen base al término sociedad del conocimiento, cuyadescripción la efectuó Drucker (1969) al referirse a lasociedad post-industrial, destacando la productividad delconocimiento como fuente de riqueza, que se vio favorecidapor el desarrollo de las tecnologías de la información ycomunicación, así como de la globalización, se dice: Laeconomía ya no está basada en el músculo y la materiaprima, sino en la mente. (Tunnermann y De Souza, 2003).
Pasado y presente del pueblo ashaninka
Authors: Aguirre Baique Nazario , Gavidia Olivera Edith Marlene , Acho Ramírez Sabina , Veintemilla Reátegui Paquita
Published: June 2021

El presente artículo tiene por objetivo sintetizar la historia ashaninka en base a la revisión de textos de producción científica, social e his- tórica para comprender su situación actual. Los ashaninkas a lo largo de los siglos han enfrentado diversos episodios que han marcado de manera especial la historia y su identidad. Uno fue el intercambio co- mercial y cultural con los pueblos de lengua arawak y el mundo an- dino, la evangelización por misioneros dominicos y franciscanos, la colonización de la selva central peruana, la extracción del caucho y el cultivo de café en las grandes haciendas. Actualmente, los caracteriza su unión y respeto a las costumbres ancestrales. Su economía se basa en la caza, pesca y agricultura.
ABSTRACT
This article aims to synthesize the Ashaninka story based on the review of texts of scientific, social and historical production to understand its current situation. The Ashaninkas throughout the centuries have faced various episodes that have especially focused on history and its identity. One was the commercial and cultural exchange with the Arawak-speaking peoples and the Andean world, evangelization by Dominican and Franciscan missionaries, the colonization of the Peruvian Central Forest, the extraction of rubber and the cultivation of coffee in large estates. Their union and respect for ancestral customs currently characterize them. Its economy is based on hunting, fishing and agriculture.
Keywords: Native community, wellness, asháninka, Amazon.
Izmenenie aminokislotnogo profilya plazmy pupovinnoj krovi i amnioticheskoj zhidkosti ot materej s COVID-19
Authors: Ломова Н. А. , Чаговец В. В. , Долгополова Е. Л. , Новоселова А. В. , Петрова У. Л. , Шмаков Р. Г. , Франкевич В. Е.
Published: June 2021

Novorozhdennye ot materej s COVID-19 podverzheny risku zarazheniya, mogut imet' vysokij risk oslozhnenij v rannem neonatal'nom periode i otdalennye posledstviya dlya zdorov'ya. Cel' issledovaniya — opredelit' aminokislotnyj profil' pupovinnoj plazmy i amnioticheskoj zhidkosti pacientov s COVID-19 dlya analiza svyazi vliyaniya perenesennogo antenatal'no COVID-19 na izmeneniya v metabolome «vnutriutrobnogo pacienta». Dlya ocenki urovnya 31 aminokisloty v obrazcah amnioticheskoj zhidkosti i pupovinnoj plazmy beremennyh s COVID-19, poluchennyh pri rodorazreshenii, primenyali vysokoeffektivnuyu zhidkostnuyu hromatografiyu s mass-spektrometricheskoj detekciej. Osnovnuyu gruppu sostavili 29 pacientok s podtverzhdennym diagnozom COVID-19; kontrol'nuyu — 17 somaticheski zdorovyh zhenshchin s beremennost'yu bez oslozhnenij. Koncentracii vos'mi aminokislot v amnioticheskoj zhidkosti statisticheski znachimo (p < 0,05) razlichalis' mezhdu issleduemymi gruppami. Razrabotany modeli logisticheskoj regressii (chuvstvitel'nost' 0,84; specifichnost' — 1), pozvolyayushchie opredelyat', chto analiziruemaya amnioticheskaya zhidkost' vzyata ot pacientok, perenesshih COVID-19. V plazme pupovinnoj krovi znachimye razlichiya obnaruzheny dlya chetyrekh aminokislot. Postroennye modeli pozvolyayut vyyavlyat' prinadlezhnost' issleduemoj pupovinnoj plazmy pacientam gruppy kontrolya ili COVID-19 (chuvstvitel'nost' i specifichnost' — 1). Odnovremenno v dvuh tochkah (amnioticheskaya zhidkost' i pupovinnaya plazma), kompleksno otobrazhayushchih metabolom ploda, byli vyyavleny i statisticheski znachimo otlichalis' pri COVID-19 tri aminokisloty. Vozdejstvie virusa na organizm privodit k vyrazhennym izmeneniyam v metabolome amnioticheskoj zhidkosti i pupovinnoj plazmy ploda, chto mozhet privesti k narusheniyu programmirovaniya proizvodstva belkovyh molekul, no ne proyavlyaetsya pri rozhdenii.
Reservation and Development of Rigid Pavement Quality with the Aid of Bacteria
Authors:   University of Baghdad, Sarsam Saad , Sulaiman Mohammed ,   University of Almustansiriah
Published: June 2021

Initiation of Microcracks in rigid pavement usually starts within few hours of casting due to the shrinkage of concrete and casting at hot environment condition. Cracking proceeds and changes to macrocracks throughout the service life of the pavement due to repetitions of compressive, tensile, and shear stress under wheel loading. Such cracking exhibits a durability problem since the ingress of moisture and harmful chemicals such as sulphates and chlorides into the concrete through the cracks can cause premature matrix degradation and corrosion of embedded steel reinforcement at joints, which may result in the decrement of strength and service life. In this work, implementation of self-healing techniques was adopted with the aid of bacteria and healing agent to precipitate CaCo3 on the formed micro-cracks. The precipitation of calcite by continuous hydration of cement helps in production of calcium carbonate precipitation with the help of bacteria. A soil bacterium named Bacillus subtilis was cultured in the laboratory, the concentration of bacteria cell of B. subtilits in normal saline (NaCl, 9 g/l) suspension was 106 cell/ml. Concrete specimens of various type (cube of 100x100x100 mm, cylinder of 100mm diameter and 200mm height, and beam of 100 x 100 x 500 mm) size have been prepared in the laboratory, then separated to three sets. The first set of specimens were subjected to controlled compression and flexure pre-cracking, then subjected to healing and curing in a water bath which contains the prementioned bacteria at 20°C for 7 days. The second set was the control specimens cured in water bath for 7 and 28 days at 20°C. The third set of specimens were subjected to healing and curing in a water bath which contains the prementioned bacteria at 20°C for 7 and 28 days and then tested for compressive, indirect tensile, and flexure properties. It was observed that the healing process provided by the bacteria have improved the overall properties of concrete by (23, 11 and 16) % for compressive, tensile and flexure strength respectively as compared to those of control mixture after 28 days of curing. On the other hand, specimens subjected to controlled pre-cracking exhibit improvement in strength properties after the healing process provided by the bacteria by (28 and 33) % for compressive and flexure strength respectively as compared to those of control mixture after 7 days of curing. It was concluded that spraying of bacterial water for curing the concrete is beneficial and can be considered as sustainable and environment friendly solution for maintenance. Bacteria can reserve, develop and maintain the quality of rigid pavement.
Development of Lightweight Concrete using Industrial Waste Palm Oil Clinker
Authors:   Al-Farabi University, Al-Ani Ibrahim , Hamidon Wan ,   University of Malaysia, Mohtar Wan ,   University of Malaysia, Alwachy Basma ,   Ministry of Education
Published: June 2021

Concrete is a major material used in the construction of buildings and structures in the world. Gravel and sand are the major ingredients of concrete but are non-renewable natural materials. Therefore, the utilisation of palm oil clinker (POC), a solid waste generated from palm oil industry is proposed to replace natural aggregate in this research to reduce the demand for natural aggregates. One mix of ordinary concrete as control concrete; while four mix proportions of oil palm clinker concrete were obtained by replacing 25 %, 50 %, 75 %, and 100 % of gravel and sand of control concrete with coarse and fine oil palm clinker respectively by volume, with same cement content and water cement ratio. Compressive strength test was carried out of concretes with different percentages of oil palm clinker; whereas water absorption test according to respective standard, were carried out to determine the durability properties of various mixes. Based on the results obtained, the study on the effect of percentage of clinker on strength and durability properties was drawn. According to ACI classification of light weight concrete only the 100 percentage replacement can achieve the definition of light weight concrete since its density less than 1900 kg/m3 and strength larger than 17 MPa. Eventually the 25 % replacement of the normal aggregate by the OPC will improve the strength and durability of the concrete.
The role of urban legislation in improving the mental images of the city (Erbil city as case study)
Authors:   Cihan University - Erbil, Taha Siba , Ibrahim Alhan ,   Cihan University - Erbil
Published: June 2021

The laws and legislations are the basic tools that affect the performance, accomplishment, and continuity of the developmental objectives of the organizational plans. The rules and standards regulate the resources of urbanization as a material product, in addition, to achieve a kind of harmony and regularity in the urban land scene of the city and provide more space for the cognitive and visual aspect of the recipient who he has mental images of the urban scene through which can select the shape and features of urban identity. It illustrated by the introduction of Iraqi legislation that suffers from multiple problems, evidenced by the lack of legislation in the control of urban growth, and investigating the requirements of visual sustainability not only limited to functional, economic and social aspects. It is an integrated system works to create a sustainable urban environment. Hence, the importance of the development of Iraqi urban legislation representing by preparing the urban area in a new framework, through the control and treatment of its physical components by linking them to cultural, historical and civilizational elements within an appropriate environmental framework. The paper reviewing the urban laws in Erbil city within the previous periods of time as well as the various urban policies used in the city center, to benefit from the knowledge and evaluation of problems, and identify the legislative directions that can be adopted as suggestions for the development of urban legislation within the criteria, take the factors: social, cultural, functional, environmental and aesthetic, at the level of legislation.
Comparative Study of Traffic Flow Models: A Case study for Al-Doura Expressway in Baghdad City
Authors:   Al-Farabi University, Al-Faris Husam , Al-Obaidi Mahmood ,   Al-Farabi University
Published: June 2021

Speed, flow, and density are the most effectiveness traffic parameters. For the study area, all required speed-flow data were collected manually by special team using the necessary survey equipment from 11:00am-6:00pm during one week within different days for each direction of Al-Doura Expressway in Baghdad city. Greenshield Model (GSM) and Greenberg Model (GBM) have been analyzed using EXCEL software to compare the implementation results of the real data. The calibration of regression analysis studies were used and the statistical coefficient of person's correlation (R) and coefficient of determination (R2) were computed. It was found the following: For the direction of Baghdad greater bridge to Al-Rasheed camp, models according to GSM and GBM are us=110.84–0.37k and us=59.24ln(320.72/k) respectively. For the second direction, the models are us=64.04–0.10k and us=11.99ln(2937.5/k) respectively. All models are achieved strong correlation between variables ( between 0.88-0.98, and high R2 between 0.77-0.97). The models according to Greenberg ascertain better fit due to values between 0.95-0.98 and due to R2 values between 0.90-0.97 which are closest to 1.00 and these represent the coefficients for the first and second directions respectively. Finally, u0 and k0 at maximum flow have been considered based on GBM showing that the traffic capacity equal to 6990.08 and 12959.17 vph for the two sides. This mean that Al-Doura Expressway serve the study area with a 35-65 of directional split. This distribution of traffic between the two directions is nearly coincide with the distribution of the real data 34.6-65.4.
The Impact of The Characteristics of Spatial Organization of Historic ‎Castles on The Urban Development ‎Strategies for The Surrounding ‎Areas‎ ‎“Salah Al-Din Citadel in Cairo as a case study”‎
Authors:   Cihan University - Erbil, Khalaf Omar , Ibrahim Alhan ,   Cihan University - Erbil, Ja`Afar Nor ,   Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Published: June 2021

This paper deals with the historical overview of the castles and forts and what are the rules and foundations on which they arose. Castles constitute tourist attractions at the global and local levels as well as studying the variables and elements of spatial organization, in addition to the concepts of urban development strategies for historical regions. Salah al-Din Citadel was elected in Cairo because of the historical and urban depth it carries today. By studying how it originated and what changes occurred on it after the explorations and excavations that are taking place (design and development strategies) and then the practical study and analysis of the results of the practical study (General conclusions). The aim of the study is to analyze the urban fabric of Salah al-Din Citadel and define indicators for the characteristics of spatial organization using the Geographic Information Systems Program (GIS) and (Space Syntax) analysis, as they have an impact on the development of city centers and their importance in shaping the urban body of the city in an attempt to reach the strategies for urban development and possible urbanization of historic city centers (especially the cities of the castles). From the review of studies that dealt with the study of the organizational characteristics of urban spaces, the research problem crystallized (The lack of a clear perception of studying the characteristics of the spatial organization of castles and their impact on the development of urban development strategies) and the research hypothesis was formulated with (The study of the characteristics of the spatial organization of castles affects the integration of the castle with its urban surroundings and its historical characteristics ). The research was based on the development of the elements of a theoretical framework on the characteristics of spatial organization and then applied in practice to the castle of Salah al-Din as a model.
Investigate the Factors Affecting Green Building Projects In Iraq Towards Building Sustainability
Authors:   Baghdad university, Raheem Kadhum , Fadhil Hayder ,   Baghdad university
Published: June 2021

The process of construction can be defined as an extensive system that builds the accommodations for people to settle in, as well as the construction of facilities that keep up the development process. Some of the main steps that the process would cover are the extracting and benefiting raw materials, manufacture of building materials and elements, the construction of the project run from viability to inspection, and the regulation and running process of the sites. The most profound challenges that many cities n Iraq share illustrate the consequences of urban growth. Thus, this study seeks to examine the aspects of sustainability that influence the decisions for the process of building up green building projects. A total number of fourty respondents have been requested to evaluate nine elements of building sustainability: life cycle evaluations, energy conservation and renewable energies, water conservation, environmentally friendly construction supplies and standards, depletion of waste materials, alleviation of toxic materials, adequate indoor ventilation, smart innovation, and sustainability in the development of the building process and ecologically friendly construction projects. The findings show that the respondents preferred the use of elements that could give better sustainability in the process of construction building to ensure a healthier and better quality of life. This preference is established from the concept of green building technology. The most chosen aspect for this concept is the efficiency of energy and the use of renewable energy, followed by the alleviation of toxic materials, adequate indoor ventilation, and water conservation.
Slope Stability Analyses of Zoned Dam Under Steady State Condition/Case Study
Authors:   Cihan University - Erbil, Daraei Ako , Ahmed Dlshad ,   Cihan University - Erbil
Published: June 2021

Earth and rock are the principal materials from which dams are constructed, these kinds of dams are called embankment dams. The conventional limit equilibrium method has dominated use over any other method for analyzing slope stability. In this paper, Spence, Morgenstern-price, the Ordinary method of slices, and Janbu simplified methods are used in order to find out how near, far Aquban dam from the verge failure which is located in Erbil-Kurdistan/Iraq. In present study, the focus is mainly drawn on analyses of steady-state condition. To compute the factor of safety, the study utilized SLOPE/W software. The results show that there is no major difference in a safety factor and a critical slip surface position between all the methods which are used in the study. In addition, all used methods offered a more than the minimum required safety factory which is given by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers so this ensures that the dam against slope instability is on the safe side. According to the results obtained from this study, Janbu simplified method which considers only force equilibrium condition produced the lowest factor of safety, while the highest and almost identical factor of safety generated from the methods that satisfy all the static equilibrium condition (Spencer and Morgenstern-Price methods) give. Therefore, a reasonably reliable and higher value of safety factor is given by the methods which satisfy all static equilibrium conditions.
التجربة المصرية في الاستثمار الزراعي في ظل منظمة التجارة العالمية وإمكانية استفادة العراق منها
Authors:   قسم الاقتصاد، جامعة بغداد، العراق, علي صباح
Published: June 2021

اعتمد العراق على الأسواق العالمية لتلبية الطلب المحلي بعد عام 2003, ويأمل إن يصل إلى المستوى الذي يؤهله لعملية الانضمام . وقد تركزت مشكلة الدراسة إلى إن الانضمام لمنظمة التجارة العالمية يمثل تحديا كبيرا للبلدان النامية خاصة وان العراق يعد من ضمن هذه البلدان وهو يواجه مشاكل أو تحديات تواجه عملية انضمامه. أهمية الدراسة تبرز من خلال والتعرف التزامات العراق اتجاه المنظمة بصفته عضو مراقب و اثر الانضمام على العراق والتطرق إلى تجارب بعض الدول منها التجربة المصرية للتعرف على مسيرة انضمامها والاستفادة من تجربتها وتطبيق منها ما يلاءم الاقتصاد العراقي وإن التزام العراق بما تتضمنه منظمة التجارة العالمية سيدفعه ذلك بشكل قسري إلى عملية الإصلاح الاقتصادي وذلك بتغير التشريعات والقوانين لتتلاءم مع آليات اقتصاد السوق , الانضمام إلى منظمة التجارة العالمية هي وسيلة وليست غاية والهدف منه هو إعادة هيكلة الاقتصاد وتحديث القوانين التجارية بغية موائمتها مع متطلبات الانضمام بالرغم من له آثار سلبية في الأمد القصير وهي تمثل تكلفة التحول إلى السياسات البديلة التي على العراق الالتزام بها إلا انه مع الوقت تتحول إلى آثار ايجابية في الأمد الطويل لأنه عدم الانضمام يؤدي إلى عزلة البلد عن الأسواق العالمية ولم يتمكن من تحقيق التطور والنمو الاقتصادي .
دور الاستثمار فى الطاقة المتجددة وتكنولوجيا الانتاج الانظف فى تحقيق الميزة التنافسية المستدامة
Authors:   قسم قواعد البيانات والنشر ا لاعلامي بوحدة الجودة بلكلية فرع البنات، جامعة الازهر، مصر, Eltaher Sodfa
Published: June 2021

يهدف هذا البحث الي تحليل العلاقة بين كل من استثمارات الطاقة المتجددة، وأبعاد تكنولوجيا الإنتاج الأنظف، الميزة التنافسية المستدامة، وأيضاً تحديد تأثير تكنولوجيا الإنتاج الانظف (كمتغير وسيط )على العلاقة بين استثمارات الطاقة المتجددة (كمتغير مستقل) ، والميزة التنافسية المستدامة (كمتغير تابع)،وذلك بالتطبيق على العاملين في المنظمات الصناعية المصرية، ويتمثل مجتمع هذا البحث في جميع العاملين بقطاع الصناعات الكيماوية المصرية، والبالغ عددهم (109) شركة علي مستوي جمهورية مصر العربية، حيث بلغ حجم العينة (384) مفردة من اجمالي عدد العاملين، كما اعتمد هذا البحث علي المنهج الوصفي التحليلي ، وتم تصميم قائمة استقصاء لجمع البيانات الأولية كأداة رئيسية في جمع البيانات والمعلومات، ومن أهم النتائج التي توصل اليها هذا البحث أنه يوجد علاقة مباشرة ذات دلالة إحصائية بين كل من استثمارات الطاقة المتجددة، تكنولوجيا الإنتاج الأنظف، وأبعاد الميزة التنافسية المستدامة، ، فضلا عن وجود تأثير معنوي إيجابي غير مباشر لتكنولوجيا الإنتاج الانظف (المتغير الوسيط) على العلاقة بين استثمارات الطاقة المتجددة، وأبعاد الميزة التنافسية المستدامة، وبناءً على هذه النتيجة تم تقديم مجموعة من التوصيات .
اس تعمال محاس بة اس تهلاك الموارد الموجه بالوقت (TDRCA) في قياس الطاقة العاطلة
Authors:   قسم المحاسبة - كلية الادارة والاقتصاد، جامعة الكوفة, ونيون علي , كاظم حيدر ,   قسم المحاسبة - كلية الادارة والاقتصاد، جامعة الكوفة, كاظم حاتم ,   قسم المحاسبة - كلية الادارة والاقتصاد، جامعة الكوفة
Published: June 2021

تهدف هذه الدراسة الى استعمال مدخل محاسبة استهلاك الموارد الموجه بالوقت (TDRCA) في تحقيق الاستغلال الامثل للطاقة عن طريق تحول موجهات التكلفة المتعددة للأنشطة والموارد الى موجهات وقت. التغلب على الانتقادات الموجهة الى (RCA) التي تمثل تكامل (ABC) و(GPK) وتعني ضمناً انها تشتمل على سلبيات (ABC). وتمثل اداة البحث دراسة حالة في معمل اطارات النجف بتطبيق (TDRCA) كأحد المداخل الكلفوية الهامة التي تسهم في تحقيق الاستغلال الامثل للطاقة المتاحة. وتوصل البحث الى مجموعة من الاستنتاجات أهمها: ان مدخل محاسبة استهلاك الموارد الموجه بالوقت ناتج عن تكامل مدخلي (TDABC) و(GPK) الذي يوفر نظرة ثنائية عن استهلاك الموارد والانشطة بوجود العلاقة السببية بين المدخلات والمخرجات لكل مجمع مورد. في حالة غياب هذه العلاقة, فإن هذا المدخل يخلق العلاقة غير المباشرة بين المدخلات والمخرجات بتوجيه الانشطة المستهلكة للموارد. اما اهم التوصيات: ضرورة اعداد التقارير عن الطاقة المستغلة والطاقة العاطلة والعمل على اتخاذ الاجراءات التصحيحية لمواجهة مواطن الضعف والخلل والهدر في الطاقة.
فاعلية ريادة الأعمال في تنمية المشروعات الإقتصادية كندا نموذجاً
Authors:   قسم الاقتصاد، كلية الادارة والاقتصاد، جامعة الموصل, Alkawaz Saad , AlTahan Jasim ,   قسم الاقتصاد، كلية الرشيد، تركيا, Ibrahim Tariq ,   قسم الاقتصاد، جامعة صلاح الدين، اربيل
Published: June 2021

تعتبر ريادة الأعمال من المواضيع الرئيسة في إقتصاديات الدول المتقدمة والنامية على حد سواء، إذ تساهم المشروعات الريادية مساهمة فاعلة في النمو والتنمية الإقتصادية، وتكون قادرة على دعم الإبتكارات بشكل نظامي ومستمر، والسلوك الريادي تحتاجه جميع المشروعات لتواكب التطور في بيئة المنافسة، ولأن المزايا الريادية للمشروع يمكن أن تخلق بالإعتماد على الموارد الملموسة كالموارد المالية والمادية والعمل، وغير الملموسة كرأس المال البشري ورأس المال الإجتماعي ورأس المال الفكري والريادي، فيكون الموارد غير الملموسة هنا العامل الحاسم في تحول المشروعات نحو الريادية والإبداع والإبتكار، والإستفادة من الفرص المتاحة في بيئتها التنافسية وبالتالي التقدم في مسارات الإنتاج وتراكم رؤوس الأموال وبالتالي تحقيق النمو المطلوب.
تأثير تداول العملات الافتراضية ( المشفرة ) على عملية غسيل الأموال
Authors:   كلية الادارة والاقتصاد - جامعة بغداد - العراق, العزاوي محمد , الباشا عادل ,   كلية الادارة والاقتصاد - الجامعة العراقية - العراق
Published: June 2021

ساهمت التطورات العلمية المتسارعة ومنها التطورات في مجال المعلومات والاتصالات بإيجاد أشكال جديد لتعاملات الحياة اليومية بصورة عامة والتعاملات الاقتصادية بصورة خاصة ، سواء من خلال التجارة الإلكترونية ، أو من خلال ابتكار وسائل دفع جديدة ، ونتج عن هذه التطورات ظهور وسائل جديدة لتمويل عمليات التبادل التجاري تقوم على استخدام وسائل الدفع الإلكترونية من خلال استخدام شبكة المعلومات العالمية وبتعاون وتسهيل من البنوك التجارية والمنظمات والشبكات المالية الدولية , ولم تقف التطورات عند هذا الحد بل استمرت هذه التطورات حيث ظهر على أرض الواقع ما يسمي بالعملات الافتراضية والتي تمثل عملة إلكترونية يتم تداولها عبر الإنترنت فقط من دون وجود كيان مادي ملموس لها، ولا توجد سلطة أو هيئة أو بنك مركزي يقوم بإصدارها كالدولار أو اليورو ومع هذا يمكن استخدامها من قبل البعض في عمليات الشراء والبيع عبر الإنترنت أو تحويلها إلى عملات أخرى .
Legal regulation and practical features of travel risk insurance
Authors: Bushueva Irina Viktorovna , Kudryavtseva Larisa , Khodzhaliev Salekh Aysayevich
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this article is to find the most effective ways to protect the interests of citizens traveling on tourist trips. The main problems of tourist insurance have been identified, current aspects of insurance coverage, payment limits, and exclusions from coverage have been reflected. The current situation with various types of insurance used in the tourism industry has been considered, the current problems of civil liability insurance of tourist organizations have been studied, a comparison of the effectiveness of the insurance mechanism and the bank guarantee in this area has been made. Proposals for improving the legal regulation of the responsibility of tourism service providers have been formulated. It has been concluded that it is necessary to use the studied international experience in regulating the civil liability of tourism service providers.