bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of NF‐κB1A Promoter Polymorphisms on Coronary Artery Disease Risk
Authors: Özbilüm Nil , Arslan Serdal , Berkan Öcal , Yanartaş Mehmed , Aydemir Eylem Itir
Published: May 2013

Coronary artery disease (CAD), which is now regarded as a chronic inflammatory disease, is the leading cause of death worldwide. Nuclear factor (NF)‐κB is a transcription factor that plays an important role in the regulation of the immune system. NF‐κBIA is the inhibitory version of NF‐κB. This study is the first investigation of the association between CAD and NF‐κBIA‐297 C/T, ‐826 C/T, ‐881 A/G polymorphisms in a Turkish population using PCR–RFLP method. The study population comprised 201 cases with CAD and 201 healthy controls. There was no significant difference in NF‐κB1A‐297 C/T and ‐881 A/G in allele and genotype frequencies between case and control populations. The genotype frequency of NF‐κBIA‐826TT in the patients with CAD was significantly higher than that of the controls (p = 0.015, adjusted OR = 7.09, 95% CI = 1.95–25.70). The patients with CAD also had significantly higher carriage rate of NF‐κBIA‐826T allele than the controls (p = 0.03, OR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.03–1.99). Linkage analysis indicated a close linkage among these three variants of NF‐κBIA (for case, χ2 = 85.35 and p < 0.001; for control, χ2 = 21.58 p < 0.001) and TTG, TTA and TCG haplotypes were associated with CAD (adjusted OR = 2.54, 95% CI = 0.88–7.27; p = 0.001, adjusted OR = 1.61, 95% CI: 0.64–4.02; p = 0.04, adjusted OR = 0.08, 95% CI = 0.01–0.64; p < 0.001, respectively). NF‐κBIA‐826TT genotype may be a significant risk factor and a valuable marker for the development of CAD.
Development and validation of a single‐cell network profiling assay‐based classifier to predict response to induction therapy in paediatric patients withde novoacute myeloid leukaemia: a report from the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Lacayo Norman J. , Alonzo Todd A. , Gayko Urte , Rosen David B. , Westfall Matt , Purvis Norman , Putta Santosh , Louie Brent , Hackett James , Cohen Aileen Cleary , Cesano Alessandra , Gerbing Robert , Ravindranath Yaddanapudi , Dahl Gary V. , Gamis Alan , Meshinchi Soheil
Published: May 2013

Single cell network profiling (SCNP) is a multi‐parameter flow cytometry technique for simultaneous interrogation of intracellular signalling pathways. Diagnostic paediatric acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) bone marrow samples were used to develop a classifier for response to induction therapy in 53 samples and validated in an independent set of 68 samples. The area under the curve of a receiver operating characteristic curve (AUCROC) was calculated to be 0·85 in the training set and after exclusion of induction deaths, theAUCROCof the classifier was 0·70 (P = 0·02) and 0·67 (P = 0·04) in the validation set when induction deaths (intent to treat) were included. The highest predictive accuracy was noted in the cytogenetic intermediate risk patients (AUCROC0·88,P = 0·002), a subgroup that lacks prognostic/predictive biomarkers for induction response. Only white blood cell count and cytogenetic risk were associated with response to induction therapy in the validation set. After controlling for these variables, theSCNPclassifier score was associated with complete remission (P = 0·017), indicating that the classifier provides information independent of other clinical variables that were jointly associated with response. This is the first validation of anSCNPclassifier to predict response to induction chemotherapy. Herein we demonstrate the usefulness of quantitativeSCNPunder modulated conditions to provide independent information onAMLdisease biology and induction response.
Bayes factors for testing inequality constrained hypotheses: Issues with prior specification
Authors: Mulder Joris
Published: May 2013

Several issues are discussed when testing inequality constrained hypotheses using a Bayesian approach. First, the complexity (or size) of the inequality constrained parameter spaces can be ignored. This is the case when using the posterior probability that the inequality constraints of a hypothesis hold, Bayes factors based on non‐informative improper priors, and partial Bayes factors based on posterior priors. Second, the Bayes factor may not be invariant for linear one‐to‐one transformations of the data. This can be observed when using balanced priors which are centred on the boundary of the constrained parameter space with a diagonal covariance structure. Third, the information paradox can be observed. When testing inequality constrained hypotheses, the information paradox occurs when the Bayes factor of an inequality constrained hypothesis against its complement converges to a constant as the evidence for the first hypothesis accumulates while keeping the sample size fixed. This paradox occurs when using Zellner'sgprior as a result of too much prior shrinkage. Therefore, two new methods are proposed that avoid these issues. First, partial Bayes factors are proposed based on transformed minimal training samples. These training samples result in posterior priors that are centred on the boundary of the constrained parameter space with the same covariance structure as in the sample. Second, agprior approach is proposed by lettingggo to infinity. This is possible because the Jeffreys–Lindley paradox is not an issue when testing inequality constrained hypotheses. A simulation study indicated that the Bayes factor based on thisgprior approach converges fastest to the true inequality constrained hypothesis.
Factorial invariance in multilevel confirmatory factor analysis
Authors: Ryu Ehri
Published: May 2013

This paper presents a procedure to test factorial invariance in multilevel confirmatory factor analysis. When the group membership is at level 2, multilevel factorial invariance can be tested by a simple extension of the standard procedure. However level‐1 group membership raises problems which cannot be appropriately handled by the standard procedure, because the dependency between members of different level‐1 groups is not appropriately taken into account. The procedure presented in this article provides a solution to this problem. This paper also shows Muthén's maximum likelihood (MUML) estimation for testing multilevel factorial invariance across level‐1 groups as a viable alternative to maximum likelihood estimation. Testing multilevel factorial invariance across level‐2 groups and testing multilevel factorial invariance across level‐1 groups are illustrated using empirical examples. SAS macro and Mplus syntax are provided.
Crustal‐scale fluid flow during the tectonic evolution of the Bighorn Basin (Wyoming, USA)
Authors: Beaudoin Nicolas , Bellahsen Nicolas , Lacombe Olivier , Emmanuel Laurent , Pironon Jacques
Published: May 2013

Stable isotope measurements (O, C, Sr), microthermometry and salinity measurements of fluid inclusions from different fracture populations in several anticlines of the Sevier‐Laramide Bighorn basin (Wyoming, USA) were used to unravel the palaeohydrological evolution. New data on the microstructural setting were used to complement previous studies and refine the fracture sequence at basin scale. The latter provides the framework and timing of fluid migration events across the basin during the Sevier and Laramide orogenic phases. Since the Sevier tectonic loading of the foreland basin until its later involvement into the Laramide thick‐skinned orogeny, three main fracture sets (out of seven) were found to have efficiently enhanced the hydraulic permeability of the sedimentary cover rocks. These pulses of fluid are attested by calcite crystals precipitated in veins from hydrothermal (T > 120 °C) radiogenic fluids derived from Cretaceous meteoric fluids that interacted with the Precambrian basement rocks. Between these events, vein calcite precipitated from formational fluids at chemical and thermal equilibrium with surrounding environment. At basin scale, the earliest hydrothermal pulse is documented in the western part of the basin during forebulge flexuring and the second one is documented in basement‐cored folds during folding. In addition to this East/West diachronic opening of the cover rocks to hydrothermal pulses probably controlled by the tectonic style, a decrease in 87/86Sr values from West to East suggests a crustal‐scale partially squeegee‐type eastward fluid migration in both basement and cover rocks since the early phase of the Sevier contraction. The interpretation of palaeofluid system at basin scale also implies that joints developed under an extensional stress regime are better vertical drains than joints developed under strike‐slip regime and enabled migration of basement‐derived hydrothermal fluids.
The Potential Role of Scattered Trees for Ant Conservation in an Agriculturally Dominated Neotropical Landscape
Authors: Frizzo Tiago L. M. , Vasconcelos Heraldo L.
Published: May 2013

Although biological conservation has traditionally focused on the protection of pristine areas, it is becoming increasingly evident that efforts should also be made toward the maintenance of biological diversity in human‐managed ecosystems. We evaluated the potential role of scattered, remnant trees in enhancing ant diversity in agricultural lands within a biodiversity hotspot, namely the Cerrado savannas of central Brazil. Ant collections were performed in, beneath, and away from the crowns of a native tree species growing in planted pastures, soy fields, and in small (<400 ha) savanna reserves. Significantly more ant species were found beneath than 30 m away from scattered trees. The magnitude of this effect was similar in soy fields and in pastures at all scales of our analyses, except at the landscape scale where the effect was comparatively greater in soy fields. Most of the species that occurred more frequently beneath than away from trees nest on ground, indicating that the conservation value of scattered trees goes beyond the mere protection of arboreal ant species. Soy plantations presented a particular species‐poor ground‐dwelling fauna when compared with savannas, whereas differences in the number and composition of arboreal species were less marked. In contrast, the diversity of arboreal‐ and ground‐dwelling ants recorded in and beneath pasture trees was nearly as high as the one found in savannas. It is suggested that pasture trees can have an important value for ant conservation off reserves, particularly in regions where most of the native vegetation has already been cleared.
Effect of lifestyle modification on serum chemerin concentration and its association with insulin sensitivity in overweight and obese adults with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Kim So Hun , Lee Seung Hwan , Ahn Ki Yong , Lee Dong Hoon , Suh Young Ju , Cho Soon Gu , Choi Yun Jin , Lee Dae Hyung , Lee Seung Youn , Hong Seong Bin , Kim Yong Seong , Jeon Justin Y. , Nam Moonsuk
Published: May 2013

Objective

Chemerin, a recently identified adipokine, has been linked to adiposity, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome risk factors and inflammation. Here, we evaluated whether a 12‐week lifestyle intervention in overweight and obese adults with type 2 diabetes could significantly affect the average blood glucose and serum chemerin levels over time.

Design

Thirty‐five overweight or obese subjects with type 2 diabetes were randomized to receive intensive lifestyle modification including supervised exercise sessions or usual care for 12 weeks. Anthropometric and clinical data were collected before the intervention and after 12 weeks.

Results

Lifestyle intervention induced a significant decrease in HbA1c (−1·0 ± 0·5 vs 0·1 ± 0·6%, P < 0·001), BMI, total body fat content, serum lipocalin‐2 and chemerin levels (−8·1 ± 21·6 vs + 8·2 ± 15·9 ng/ml, P = 0·021) and a significant increase in VO2max after 12 weeks compared to the usual care group. Baseline chemerin levels were positively correlated with the homoeostasis model of assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR), fasting insulin and the high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hsCRP) and negatively correlated with insulin sensitivity index (ISI). Changes in the chemerin concentration during 12 weeks were independently negatively correlated with changes in ISI and positively correlated with changes in fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol and lipocalin‐2 levels.

Conclusions

A 12‐week intensive lifestyle intervention significantly decreased serum chemerin level compared to usual care. Decrease in serum chemerin level was associated with improved insulin sensitivity, and this may be involved in the beneficial effects of lifestyle intervention in overweight and obese type 2 diabetic patients.
Distinct genetic profiles between Japanese multiple sclerosis patients with and without Barkhof brain lesions
Authors: Huang Jian , Isobe Noriko , Matsushita Takuya , Yoshimura Satoshi , Sato Shinya , Yonekawa Tomomi , Yamasaki Ryo , Murai Hiroyuki , Kira Jun‐ichi ,   the South Japan Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Consortium
Published: May 2013

Objectives

The frequency of brain lesions that fulfil the Barkhof criteria (Barkhof brain lesions) is low in Asian patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Several genes are associated with MS in the Japanese, but their influence on brain lesion development is unknown. Here, we clarified the genetic profiles of Barkhof brain lesion‐positive and ‐negative MS in the Japanese.

Methods

We genotyped the HLA‐DRB1 and ‐DPB1 alleles, the NOTCH4 missense mutation rs422951, and the IL‐7RA single nucleotide polymorphism rs6897932 in 123 non‐neuromyelitis optica/neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder MS patients and 367 healthy controls by annealing of sequence‐specific oligonucleotide probes to polymerase chain reaction‐amplified genomic DNA (for the HLA alleles), DNA sequencing (for rs422951), and real‐time polymerase chain reaction using TaqMan genotyping assays (for rs6897932).

Results

Compared with the healthy controls, the frequency of DRB1*0405 was significantly higher in the Barkhof brain lesion‐negative group, that of DPB1*0301 was significantly higher in the Barkhof brain lesion‐positive group, and those of DRB1*0901 and DPB1*0401 were significantly lower in the Barkhof brain lesion‐positive group. The frequency of NOTCH4 rs422951 G allele carriers was significantly lower in both groups compared with the healthy controls, whereas the frequency of the IL‐7RA rs6897932 CC genotype was significantly higher in the Barkhof brain lesion‐positive group. Haplotype analyses identified one susceptibility and three resistance haplotypes for Barkhof brain lesion‐positive MS, and two susceptibility and three resistance haplotypes for Barkhof brain lesion‐negative MS.

Conclusions

The genetic profiles of Japanese MS patients are distinct according to the presence or absence of Barkhof brain lesions.
Effect of Land Cover and Ecosystem Mapping on Ecosystem‐Risk Assessment in the Little Karoo, South Africa
Authors: PAYET KARINE , ROUGET MATHIEU , ESLER KAREN J. , Reyers BELINDA , REBELO TONY , THOMPSON MARK W. , VLOK JAN H. J.
Published: May 2013

Extinction‐risk assessments aim to identify biological diversity features threatened with extinction. Although largely developed at the species level, these assessments have recently been applied at the ecosystem level. In South Africa, national legislation provides for the listing and protection of threatened ecosystems. We assessed how land‐cover mapping and the detail of ecosystem classification affected the results of risk assessments that were based on extent of habitat loss. We tested 3 ecosystem classifications and 4 land‐cover data sets of the Little Karoo region, South Africa. Degraded land (in particular, overgrazed areas) was successfully mapped in just one of the land‐cover data sets. From <3% to 25% of the Little Karoo was classified as threatened, depending on the land‐cover data set and ecosystem classification applied. The full suite of threatened ecosystems on a fine‐scale map was never completely represented within the spatial boundaries of a coarse‐scale map of threatened ecosystems. Our assessments highlight the importance of land‐degradation mapping for the listing of threatened ecosystems. On the basis of our results, we recommend that when budgets are constrained priority be given to generating more‐detailed land‐cover data sets rather than more‐detailed ecosystem classifications for the assessment of threatened ecosystems.

El Efecto de la Cobertura Terrestre y el Mapeo de Ecosistemas en la Valoración de Riesgos en los Ecosistemas en Little Karoo, Sudáfrica
Effect of Monitoring Technique on Quality of Conservation Science
Authors: JEWELL ZOE
Published: May 2013

Monitoring free‐ranging animals in their natural habitat is a keystone of ecosystem conservation and increasingly important in the context of current rates of loss of biological diversity. Data collected from individuals of endangered species inform conservation policies. Conservation professionals assume that these data are reliable—that the animals from whom data are collected are representative of the species in their physiology, ecology, and behavior and of the populations from which they are drawn. In the last few decades, there has been an enthusiastic adoption of invasive techniques for gathering ecological and conservation data. Although these can provide impressive quantities of data, and apparent insights into animal ranges and distributions, there is increasing evidence that these techniques can result in animal welfare problems, through the wide‐ranging physiological effects of acute and chronic stress and through direct or indirect injuries or compromised movement. Much less commonly, however, do conservation scientists consider the issue of how these effects may alter the behavior of individuals to the extent that the data they collect could be unreliable. The emerging literature on the immediate and longer‐term effects of capture and handling indicate it can no longer be assumed that a wild animal's survival of the process implies the safety of the procedure, that the procedure is ethical, or the scientific validity of the resulting data. I argue that conservation professionals should routinely assess study populations for negative effects of their monitoring techniques and adopt noninvasive approaches for best outcomes not only for the animals, but also for conservation science.

Efecto de la Técnica de Monitoreo en la Calidad de la Ciencia de la Conservación
Epstein–Barr virus‐associated smooth muscle tumors after kidney transplantation: treatment and outcomes in a single center
Authors: Tan Chieh Suai , Loh Hwai‐Liang , Foo Marjorie Wai Yin , Choong Lina Hui Lin , Wong Kok Seng , Kee Terence Yi Shern
Published: May 2013

Background

Epstein–Barr virus‐associated smooth muscle tumors (EBV SMT) in adult kidney transplant recipients (KTR) are rare. The aims of this study are to document the clinical features, types of treatment given, and outcomes of KTR with EBV SMT in our institution.

Methods

Sixteen patients were identified from our institution's databases. Patients' survival, tumor outcome, and graft survival were compared between patients who remained on cyclosporine‐based immunosuppressant and those who converted to sirolimus‐based therapy.

Results

The median time of diagnosis was 9.4 yr after kidney transplantation, and majority of the patients had multifocal disease at the time of diagnosis. Overall, the patient survival rate was 75% over a mean follow‐up period of five yr. Two patients with non‐functioning allograft at the time of diagnosis of EBV SMT were excluded from the treatment outcome analysis. Comparing the sirolimus (n = 7) vs. cyclosporine groups (n = 7), patient survival rate was 100% vs. 42.9% (p = 0.08), graft survival 71.4% vs. 28.7% (p = 0.53), and disease‐free status 42.9% vs. 14.3% (p = 0.73), respectively.

Conclusion

Surgical resection in combination with decreasing immunosuppression or conversion to sirolimus appears to be effective in the treatment of EBV SMT in KTR.
Metacognitive beliefs in adolescents with an at‐risk mental state for psychosis
Authors: Welsh Patrick , Cartwright‐Hatton Sam , Wells Adrian , Snow Libby , Tiffin Paul A.
Published: May 2013

Aim

The self‐regulatory executive function model suggests that metacognitive beliefs play a role in all forms of psychological disorder, including psychosis. However, our understanding of these beliefs and their relationship with symptoms in adolescents with an at‐risk mental state (ARMS) for psychosis is limited.

Methods

The Metacognitions Questionnaire short form (MCQ‐30) was administered to 31 adolescents with an identified ARMS. Scores were subsequently compared to a control group of 76 adolescents drawn from a community population.

Results

As predicted, ARMS patients scored significantly higher on metacognition subscales, with negative beliefs (F = 42.97, P = 0.001), cognitive confidence (F = 17.11, P = 0.001) and need for control (F = 22.48, P = 0.001) subscales of the MCQ‐30 distinguishing them from the comparison group.

Conclusions

The finding that metacognitive beliefs are significantly elevated in comparison to a community sample of adolescents is in keeping with previous adult‐orientated research. Possible implications for clinical practice are discussed.
HLA‐B alleles associated with severe cutaneous reactions to antiepileptic drugs in Han Chinese
Authors: Cheung Ying‐Kit , Cheng Suk‐Hang , Chan Ernest J. M. , Lo Su V. , Ng Margaret H. L. , Kwan Patrick
Published: May 2013

Purpose

HLA‐B*15:02 screening is recommended before starting carbamazepine in Han Chinese and Southeast Asians because the allele is strongly predictive of Stevens‐Johnson syndrome (SJS)/toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) induced by the drug. We examined whether other HLA‐B alleles are also involved and whether the association extends to other antiepileptic drugs (AEDs).

Methods

Cases of SJS/TEN induced by any AEDs were recruited and matched (1:5) with AED‐tolerant controls. Carrier rates of HLA‐B alleles, determined by direct sequencing, were compared between cases and controls. Results were meta‐analyzed with previous studies to examine the associations between HLA‐B*15:02 and SJS/TEN induced by phenytoin and lamotrigine.

Key Findings

A total of 55 cases (27 carbamazepine, 15 phenytoin, 6 lamotrigine, 7 other AEDs) and 275 controls were recruited. In drug‐specific analysis, the carrier rate of HLA‐B*15:02 was significantly higher in carbamazepine‐SJS/TEN cases compared with carbamazepine‐tolerant controls (92.3% vs. 11.9%; p = 3.51 × 10−18; odds ratio (OR) 89.25; 95% confidence interval (CI) 19.25–413.83), and also in phenytoin‐SJS/TEN cases compared with phenytoin‐tolerant controls (46.7% vs. 20.0%; p = 0.045; OR 3.50; 95% CI 1.10–11.18). Meta‐analyses showed a strong association of HLA‐B*15:02 with phenytoin‐SJS/TEN (p < 3 × 10−4; OR 4.26; 95% CI 1.93–9.39) and, to a lesser extent, lamotrigine‐SJS/TEN (p = 0.03; OR 3.59; 95% CI 1.15–11.22). Compared with drug‐tolerant controls, the carrier rates of HLA‐B*40:01 and HLA‐B*58:01 were lower in cases of SJS/TEN induced by carbamazepine (p = 0.004) and other AEDs (p = 0.009), respectively.

Significance

SJS/TEN induced by carbamazepine and phenytoin is strongly and moderately associated with HLA‐B*15:02 in Han Chinese, respectively. Possible protective associations with HLA‐B*40:01 and HLA‐B*58:01 warrant further investigation.
International consensus classification of hippocampal sclerosis in temporal lobe epilepsy: A Task Force report from theILAECommission on Diagnostic Methods
Authors: Blümcke Ingmar , Thom Maria , Aronica Eleonora , Armstrong Dawna D. , Bartolomei Fabrice , Bernasconi Andrea , Bernasconi Neda , Bien Christian G. , Cendes Fernando , Coras Roland , Cross J. Helen , Jacques Thomas S. , Kahane Philippe , Mathern Gary W. , Miyata Haijme , Moshé Solomon L. , Oz Buge , Özkara Çiğdem , Perucca Emilio , Sisodiya Sanjay , Wiebe Samuel , Spreafico Roberto
Published: May 2013

Hippocampal sclerosis (HS) is the most frequent histopathology encountered in patients with drug‐resistant temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Over the past decades, various attempts have been made to classify specific patterns of hippocampal neuronal cell loss and correlate subtypes with postsurgical outcome. However, no international consensus about definitions and terminology has been achieved. A task force reviewed previous classification schemes and proposes a system based on semiquantitative hippocampal cell loss patterns that can be applied in any histopathology laboratory. Interobserver and intraobserver agreement studies reached consensus to classify three types in anatomically well‐preserved hippocampal specimens:HSInternational League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) type 1 refers always to severe neuronal cell loss and gliosis predominantly inCA1 andCA4 regions, compared toCA1 predominant neuronal cell loss and gliosis (HS ILAEtype 2), orCA4 predominant neuronal cell loss and gliosis (HS ILAEtype 3). Surgical hippocampus specimens obtained from patients withTLEmay also show normal content of neurons with reactive gliosis only (no‐HS).HS ILAEtype 1 is more often associated with a history of initial precipitating injuries before age 5 years, with early seizure onset, and favorable postsurgical seizure control.CA1 predominantHS ILAEtype 2 andCA4 predominantHS ILAEtype 3 have been studied less systematically so far, but some reports point to less favorable outcome, and to differences regarding epilepsy history, including age of seizure onset. The proposed international consensus classification will aid in the characterization of specific clinicopathologic syndromes, and explore variability in imaging and electrophysiology findings, and in postsurgical seizure control.
Increased CO2 stimulates reproduction in a coral reef fish
Authors: Miller Gabrielle M. , Watson Sue‐Ann , McCormick Mark I. , Munday Philip L.
Published: May 2013

Ocean acidification is predicted to negatively impact the reproduction of many marine species, either by reducing fertilization success or diverting energy from reproductive effort. While recent studies have demonstrated how ocean acidification will affect larval and juvenile fishes, little is known about how increasing partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) and decreasing pH might affect reproduction in adult fishes. We investigated the effects of near‐future levels of pCO2 on the reproductive performance of the cinnamon anemonefish, Amphiprion melanopus, from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Breeding pairs were held under three CO2 treatments [Current‐day Control (430 μatm), Moderate (584 μatm) and High (1032 μatm)] for a 9‐month period that included the summer breeding season. Unexpectedly, increased CO2 dramatically stimulated breeding activity in this species of fish. Over twice as many pairs bred in the Moderate (67% of pairs) and High (55%) compared to the Control (27%) CO2 treatment. Pairs in the High CO2 group produced double the number of clutches per pair and 67% more eggs per clutch compared to the Moderate and Control groups. As a result, reproductive output in the High group was 82% higher than that in the Control group and 50% higher than that in the Moderate group. Despite the increase in reproductive activity, there was no difference in adult body condition among the three treatment groups. There was no significant difference in hatchling length between the treatment groups, but larvae from the High CO2 group had smaller yolks than Controls. This study provides the first evidence of the potential effects of ocean acidification on key reproductive attributes of marine fishes and, contrary to expectations, demonstrates an initially stimulatory (hormetic) effect in response to increased pCO2. However, any long‐term consequences of increased reproductive effort on individuals or populations remain to be determined.
Prevalence of and factors related to pain among elderly Japanese residents in long‐term healthcare facilities
Authors: Takai Yakari , Yamamoto‐Mitani Noriko , Ko Ayako
Published: May 2013

Aim

We aimed to examine the pain prevalence among residents who stayed at healthcare facilities for the elderly requiring long‐term care in Japan, and explore factors related to self‐reported pain.

Methods

This was a cross‐sectional study. All residents in nine healthcare facilities in Japan were asked to participate in the present study, with the exclusion of short‐term and temporary residents. Demographic data were collected from participating residents' medical records. The residents were evaluated using the Barthel Index, the Folstein Mini‐Mental State Examination and Self‐Rated Health measures. After/during patients underwent a body movement protocol, self‐reported pain/Abbey Pain Scale scores were obtained. The χ2‐test, t‐test and logistic regression analyses were carried out to identify factors related to pain.

Results

Data were obtained from 246 residents. The prevalence of pain among the residents was 47.2%. Self‐rated health status and history of fracture were significantly associated with self‐reported pain. Logistic regression analysis showed that self‐rated health status (odds ratio [OR] 0.50, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.28–0.88), mental health diagnoses (OR 9.18, 95%CI 1.27–66.52) and respiratory diagnoses (OR 0.16; 95%CI 0.03–0.97) were associated with pain experienced by residents.

Conclusions

Nearly half of the residents suffered from pain on movement. The pain of these elderly residents should be managed in order to improve their health status. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2013; 14: 481–489.
Use of global assays to understand clinical phenotype in congenital factor VII deficiency
Authors: Greene L. A. , Goldenberg N. A. , Simpson M. L. , Villalobos‐Menuey E. , Bombardier C. , Acharya S. S. , Santiago‐Borrero P. J. , Cambara A. , DiMichele D. M.
Published: May 2013

Congenital factor VII (FVII) deficiency is characterized by genotypic variability and phenotypic heterogeneity. Traditional screening and factor assays are unable to reliably predict clinical bleeding phenotype and guide haemorrhage prevention strategy. Global assays of coagulation and fibrinolysis may better characterize overall haemostatic balance and aid in haemorrhagic risk assessment. We evaluated the ability of novel global assays to better understand clinical bleeding severity in congenital FVII deficiency. Subjects underwent central determination of factor VII activity (FVII:C) as well as clot formation and lysis (CloFAL) and simultaneous thrombin and plasmin generation (STP) global assay analysis. A bleeding score was assigned to each subject through medical chart review. Global assay parameters were analysed with respect to bleeding score and FVII:C. Subgroup analyses were performed on paediatric subjects and subjects with FVII ≥1 IU dL−1. CloFAL fibrinolytic index (FI2) inversely correlated with FVII:C while CloFAL maximum amplitude (MA) and STP maximum velocity of thrombin generation (VTmax) varied directly with FVII:C. CloFAL FI2directly correlated with bleeding score among subjects in both the total cohort and paediatric subcohort, but not among subjects with FVII ≥1 IU dL−1. Among subjects with FVII ≥1 IU dL−1, STP time to maximum velocity of thrombin generation and time to maximum velocity of plasmin generation inversely correlated with bleeding score. These preliminary findings suggest a novel potential link between a hyperfibrinolytic state in bleeding severity and congenital FVII deficiency, an observation that should be further explored.
Specific miRNA expression profiles of non‐tumor liver tissue predict a risk for recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Utsunomiya Tohru , Ishikawa Daichi , Asanoma Michihito , Yamada Shinichiro , Iwahashi Shuichi , Kanamoto Mami , Arakawa Yusuke , Ikemoto Tetsuya , Morine Yuji , Imura Satoru , Ishibashi Hiroki , Takasu Chie , Shimada Mitsuo
Published: May 2013

Aim

It is reasonable to investigate non‐tumor liver tissues to predict a risk for development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A molecular analysis of chronically damaged liver tissues may identify specific miRNA expression profiles associated with a risk for multicentric (MC) HCC.

Methods

Twenty HCC patients, who underwent a curative hepatectomy were classified into two groups: a non‐MC group (no MC recurrence in more than 3 years, n = 10) and an MC group (MC recurrence within 3 years after hepatectomy, n = 10). An miRNA microarray (955 probes) was used to compare the miRNA expression patterns of the non‐cancerous liver tissues between the two groups. This study identified the differentially expressed miRNA related to MC recurrence in the liver remnant.

Results

No differences were observed between the two groups in the liver function tests and pathological variables including both tumor factors and non‐tumor liver tissues. The investigation selected 20 differentially expressed miRNA related to MC recurrence. Eighteen miRNA were downregulated, while two miRNA were upregulated in the MC group. A hierarchical clustering analysis identified a cluster that may be associated with risk of the MC recurrence of HCC. The MC recurrence‐related miRNA included let‐7d*, miR‐328 and miR18a*, which potentially regulate K‐ras gene expression. A significant inverse correlation between the miR‐18a* expression and the K‐ras mRNA expression was confirmed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.

Conclusion

Specific miRNA expression signatures in non‐cancerous liver tissue may help to predict the risk for de novo development of HCC.
The relationship between oral hygiene status and obesity among preschool children in Hong Kong
Authors: Peng SM , McGrath C , Wong HM , King NM
Published: May 2013

Objectives

To explore the association between oral hygiene status and obesity among preschool children in Hong Kong.

Methods

Three hundred and twenty‐four 5‐year‐old children in Hong Kong were recruited. Their oral hygiene status was recorded using visible plaque index (VPI). Body height, body weight, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference and triceps skinfold thickness (TRSKF) were measured to assess general adiposity (weight/height ratio, W/H; body mass index, BMI), central adiposity (WC; waist/hip ratio, WHR) and peripheral adiposity (TRSKF). The relationships between VPI and W/H, BMI, WC, WHR and TRSKF were examined in bivariate and regression analyses.

Results

Fifty‐six per cent of the children were considered to have high VPI (VPI ≥ 65.0%). Logistic regression analyses identified that W/H z‐score (OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.01–1.61) and WC z‐score (OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.00–1.58) were associated with high VPI. No association was found after adjusted for socio‐demographic status (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

Oral hygiene status was not associated with obesity among 5‐year‐old children in Hong Kong after controlling for socio‐demographic factors.
Quality of fresh‐cut purple‐fleshed sweet potatoes after X‐ray irradiation treatment and refrigerated storage
Authors: Oner Manolya E. , Wall Marisa M.
Published: May 2013

The effect of X‐ray irradiation on the quality of fresh‐cut, refrigerated purple‐fleshed sweet potato (PFSP) cubes was investigated. Packaged sweet potato cubes were treated with 0, 250, 500, 750 or 1000 Gy X‐ray irradiation and stored at 4 ± 1 °C for 14 days. After 14 days, total aerobic bacteria counts were 4.1 and 3.2 log10 CFU g−1, and mould–yeast counts were 3.3 and 3.0 log10 CFU g−1 in 750 and 1000 Gy treated samples, respectively. Doses up to 1000 Gy did not affect the firmness, moisture content and anthocyanin content of PFSP cubes throughout storage. PFSP cubes' flesh colour did not change during the first week of storage, but lightness (L*) increased after 14 days. Also, irradiation doses at 750 and 1000 Gy decreased saturation (C*) significantly, producing duller flesh colour than controls. Results indicate that X‐ray irradiation treatment at doses up to 1000 Gy can reduce microbial populations while maintaining the physical quality and anthocyanin content of PFSP cubes up to 14 days of storage.
The Organization of Interdisciplinary Research: Modes, Drivers and Barriers
Authors: Siedlok Frank , Hibbert Paul
Published: May 2013

Although the role and management of interdisciplinary research in knowledge development has received plenty of attention in recent years ambiguity remains, often hindering management efforts. To address this issue, this paper provides an integrated review of extant literature on interdisciplinary research. It focuses on integration processes and the main drivers and barriers to different modes of collaborative interdisciplinary research. The authors propose a different approach to considering interdisciplinary integration, based on two factors: the type of knowledge integration; and the durability of the context of that integration. As a result, four modes of interdisciplinary integration are characterized. The authors then consider how different groups of drivers of, and barriers to, interdisciplinary research affect those types of integration. Overall, the paper provides an integrated perspective for researchers, managers and policy‐makers concerned with understanding the organization of interdisciplinary research.
Implications of game theory for theoretical underpinning of cooperative relations in workplace partnership
Authors: Trif Aurora , Brady Malcolm
Published: May 2013

This article clarifies the ongoing debate over the key factors underpinning cooperative relations between management and trade unions by drawing on the once‐off and repeated prisoner's dilemma models. It argues that the lower the risk to achieve a ‘win‐win’ outcome and the longer the time horizon for workplace partnership, the more likely is for the two parties to cooperate.
The business case for equal opportunities
Authors: Riley Rebecca , Metcalf Hilary , Forth John
Published: May 2013

It has long been argued that equality of opportunity brings business benefits and that it is in employers' interest to implement policy to promote equality of opportunity. Our analysis of the Workplace Employment Relations Survey 2004 found neither large and widespread business benefits, nor large and widespread costs associated with Equal Opportunities policies amongst the establishments that implement these. Given the net benefits to society of equal opportunities policies, this suggests that public and private benefits are likely to differ substantially and points to the need for policy intervention.
The influence of internal union factions on union renewal strategies: the case of the Finnish Paper Workers' Union
Authors: Jonker‐Hoffrén Paul
Published: May 2013

In 2008, the collective agreement of the Finnish paper industry was significantly rewritten. This case study analyses the influence of internal factions on the capability of the Finnish Paper Workers' Union to shift to a strategy of partnership. It is shown that resistance to change was especially strong with longer‐serving shop stewards, and the strong division into factions implies limits to the extent of partnership in the Finnish paper industry.
Neglected Rural Public Health Issue: The Case of Intestinal Roundworms
Authors: Zhang Linxiu , Cai Yingping , Wang Xiaobing , Ma Xiaochen , Medina Alexis , Smith D. Scott , Rozelle Scott
Published: May 2013

Despite increasing institutional and financial support, certain public health issues are still neglected by the Chinese Government. The present paper examines the soil‐transmitted helminth (STH) infection and reinfection rates by conducting a survey on 1724 children in Guizhou Province, China. Our results indicate that 37.5 percent of children had been infected with one or more of the three types of tested STH. However, only 50.4 percent of children reported having taken deworming medicine during the 18‐month period before the survey. Of those who reported being dewormed, 34.6 percent tested positive for STH infections. Poverty and number of siblings are significantly and positively correlated with infection and reinfection, and parental education is significantly and negatively correlated with infection and reinfection. Given the ineffectiveness of treatment in these areas to date, for anthelminthic campaigns to actually succeed, China must pay more attention to local‐level incentives to improve children's health.
Impact of a Senior High School Tuition Relief Program on Poor Junior High School Students in Rural China
Authors: Chen Xinxin , Shi Yaojiang , Mo Di , Chu James , Loyalka Prashant , Rozelle Scott
Published: May 2013

A significant gap remains between rural and urban students in the rate of admission to senior high school. One reason for this gap might be the high levels of tuition and fees for senior high school. By reducing students' expectations of attending high school, high levels of tuition and fees could be reducing student academic performance in junior high schools. In this paper we evaluate the impacts of a senior high tuition relief program on the test scores of poor rural seventh grade students in China. We surveyed three counties in Shaanxi Province and exploited the fact that, while the counties are adjacent to one another and share similar characteristics, only one of the three implemented a tuition relief program. Using several alternative estimation strategies, including difference‐in‐differences, propensity score matching and difference‐in‐differences matching, we find that the tuition program has a statistically significant and positive impact on the mathematics scores of seventh grade students. More importantly, this program is shown to have a statistically significant and positive effect on the poorest students in the treatment group compared to their wealthier peers.
Precise Determination of Sm and Nd Concentrations and Nd Isotopic Compositions in Highly Depleted Ultramafic Reference Materials
Authors: Chu Zhuyin , Guo Jinghui , Yang Yueheng , Qi Liang , Li Chaofeng
Published: May 2013

In this study, a high‐precision method for the determination of Sm and Nd concentrations and Nd isotopic composition in highly depleted ultramafic rocks without a preconcentration step is presented. The samples were first digested using the conventional HF + HNO3 + HClO4 method, followed by the complete digestion of chromite in the samples using HClO4 at 190–200 °C and then complete dissolution of fluoride formed during the HF decomposition step using H3BO3. These steps ensured the complete digestion of the ultramafic rocks. The rare earth elements (REEs) were separated from the sample matrix using conventional cation‐exchange chromatography; subsequently, Sm and Nd were separated using the LN columns. Neodymium isotopes were determined as NdO+, whereas Sm isotopes were measured as Sm+, both with very high sensitivity using single W filaments with TaF5 as an ion emitter. Several highly depleted ultramafic rock reference materials including USGS DTS‐1, DTS‐2, DTS‐2b, PCC‐1 and GSJ JP‐1, which contain extremely low amounts of Sm and Nd (down to sub ng g−1 level), were analysed, and high‐precision Sm and Nd concentration and Nd isotope data were obtained. This is the first report of the Sm‐Nd isotopic compositions of these ultramafic rock reference materials except for PCC‐1.
PATIENT INDEPENDENCE IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE AND ANAEMIA: IMPLICATIONS OF THE 2012 KDIGO GUIDELINE
Authors: Bennett Lesley
Published: May 2013

Background

A common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is anaemia; how well this is treated may influence a patient's independence. The use and the time‐consuming nature of intravenous (IV) iron therapies can impose considerable challenges for patients. Time spent receiving and travelling to receive IV iron treatment can impact a patient's feelings of independence. By recommending increased prescription of IV iron and minimising erythropoiesis‐stimulating agent use, the recent Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Guideline on anaemia in CKD may compound this situation by increasing the number of hospital visits for therapy.

Methods

To assess the potential influence of the KDIGO Guideline on patient independence, this review explores factors that can impact the independence of a person with CKD and proposes how these potential issues may be addressed in the light of this new set of guidelines.

Conclusions

Although the KDIGO Guideline has the potential to reduce patient independence, by acknowledging the needs of the individual early on and employing a multi‐disciplinary approach, a balance can be found between utilising the most recent guidelines and meeting the needs of the individual to ensure their on‐going independence.
Effects of testosterone treatment on bone mineral density in men with testosterone deficiency syndrome
Authors: Rodriguez‐Tolrà J. , Torremadé J. , di Gregorio S. , del Rio L. , Franco E.
Published: May 2013

The decline in testosterone levels found in men with testosterone deficiency syndrome (TDS) is associated with a decrease in bone mineral density (BMD). To study the safety profile and efficacy of testosterone treatment on BMD in patients with TDS. In this 2‐year prospective open‐label study, patients were administered 50 mg of testosterone gel daily (adjustable after 3 months up to 75–100 mg or down to 25 mg) for 12 months, followed by treatment with 1000 mg of testosterone undecanoate every 2–3 months from months 12–24. Outcome measures were as follows: (i) Changes in clinical chemistry safety parameters and total testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin and calculated free testosterone (cFT) levels; (ii) Changes in Aging Males′ Symptoms Scale (AMS) and International Prostate Symptom Score scores; and (iii) Changes in lumbar spine and hip BMD. A total of 50 men aged 50–65 years with TDS (AMS >26 and cFT <0.250 nmol/mL) took part in the study. There was no significant impact of testosterone on safety. Prostate‐specific antigen and haematopoietic parameters increased significantly, although the changes were not clinically significant. Total and cFT increased significantly after 3 months (p < 0.001) and there were significant improvements after 3 months in AMS scores (p < 0.001). BMD improved significantly in L2–L4 (2.90 and 4.5%), total femur (0.74 and 3%) and trochanter (1.09 and 3.2%) at 12 and 24 months respectively. Testosterone treatment in men with TDS has a good safety profile, leads to significant improvement in lumbar spine and hip BMD, and improves symptoms, as assessed by the AMS questionnaire.
Conversion of Valence State and Coordination State of Fe in Transparent Glass‐Ceramics ContainingLi2ZnSiO4Nanocrystals
Authors: Zhuang Yixi , Tanabe Setsuhisa
Published: May 2013

Transparent glass‐ceramics containingLi2ZnSiO4:Fe nanocrystals were prepared by melt‐quenching method followed by post‐heat‐treatment process. The as‐prepared glasses and glass‐ceramics showed red to near‐infrared photoluminescence centered at 730 nm, ascribed toFe3+ions in tetrahedral coordination. The intensity of the photoluminescence was enhanced by two technologically simple techniques—the valence state of irons was controlled fromFe2+toFe3+ions using oxidizing agents, whereas the coordination state was compulsorily converted from octahedral to tetrahedral symmetry by performing a ceramization process. The presence ofFe2+ions was considered a major origin forFe3+photoluminescence quenching. Oxidation ofFe2+and conversion ofFe2+ions into tetrahedral symmetry contribute to suppression of energy transfer fromFe3+emitters toFe2+quenching centers.