bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Atypical glandular cells (AGC): Cytology of glandular lesions of the uterine cervix
Authors: Khan Mir Yousufuddin Ali , Bandyopadhyay Sudeshna , Alrajjal Ahmed , Choudhury Moumita Saha Roy , Ali-Fehmi Rouba , Shidham Vinod B.
Published: April 2022

The Pap smear is a well-known screening tool for squamous lesions of the uterine cervix. However, its screening role in glandular lesions is less effective. The incidence of squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix has dramatically decreased with the advent of Pap smear and recent understanding related to HPV carcinogenesis of cervical cancers including the advent of HPV vaccines. However, in recent years, the incidence of glandular abnormalities, diagnosed on Pap smears, has increased with greater sensitivity and precision.

The incidence of atypical glandular cells (AGC) is approximately 0.18–0.74% of all cervical smears with a reported prevalence of 2.5% among all Pap smears. A high degree of suspicion, good clinical history, and the presence of diagnostic cytomorphological findings are essential for the proper interpretation of glandular cell abnormalities. A methodical approach to evaluate Pap smear greatly helps interpretation and avoids the diagnostic pitfalls. The Bethesda System for reporting cervical cytology has categorized glandular cell abnormalities into various categories as follows:

Endocervical adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS)

Atypical glandular cells (AGCs)

Endocervical cells: a1 NOS or specify in comments; a2 Favor neoplastic

Endometrial cells: NOS or specify in comments

Adenocarcinoma (AdCa)

Endocervical

Endometrial

Extrauterine

NOS

Subtle differences in quantitative and qualitative cytologic features are essential for distinguishing one category from another. In this chapter, we highlight an organized approach for the interpretation of glandular abnormalities in Pap smear for our readers. This is an overview of the Bethesda categories, the reason for classification, and differential diagnosis with key characteristic features. An approach to the methodical evaluation of hyperchromatic crowded groups is discussed with key cytomorphologic differences. An algorithmic approach is suggested to facilitate the interpretation of various AGC categories.
Cytolytic vaginosis: A brief review
Authors: Varma Krishnendra , Kansal Mansi
Published: April 2022

Cytolytic vaginosis is a condition that symptomatically mimics vulvovaginal candidiasis. It was reported for the first time by Cibley and Cibley, in 1991. The authors stressed the need to distinguish cytolytic vaginosis from vulvovaginal candidiasis since the symptoms were attributed to hyperacidity created by the overgrowth of resident lactobacilli of the vagina. Patients show lack of response to antifungals and therapy aimed at increasing the vaginal pH offers relief. Since then there were conflicting opinions regarding the existence of the entity “cytolytic vaginosis.” This review aims to give a brief overview of the condition termed “cytolytic vaginosis.”
Non-sexually transmitted bacterial infections of the vulva
Authors: Chaitanya N. T. , Eswari L.
Published: April 2022

Infections of the vulva are an important health concern among women. Vulvar infections may be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites. Based on the mode of transmission, they are classified into sexually transmitted and non-sexually transmitted infections. Sexually transmitted infections such as herpes genitalis, syphilis, chancroid, donovanosis, and lymphogranuloma venereum are well known to dermatologists and venereologists. This review focuses on the non-sexually transmitted, bacterial infections of the vulva.
Teorilere İlişkin Semantik Görüşün Bilimsel Temsil Anlayışı
Authors: Kabil Onur
Published: April 2022

Bilim insanları sadece teori ve yasalarla değil aynı zamanda modeller ile de fenomenler hakkında bilgi edinmeye çalışırlar. Günümüzde modeller bilim etkinliğinin merkezinde görünmektedir. Bilimin modellere olan ilgisini fark eden birçok düşünür onların dünyanın ilgili kısımlarını temsil ettiği görüşünde hemfikirdirler. Öte yandan düşünürlerin “temsil” anlayışları birbirlerinden oldukça farklıdır. Teorilerin semantik görüşünü benimseyen bilim felsefecileri bilimsel modelleri dünyanın doğru temsilleri olarak kavrarlar. Semantik görüşe göre bilimsel modeller matematiksel yapıdadırlar ve temsilin imkânı da modeller ile fiziksel sistemler arasındaki yapısal eşleşmeden (izomorfizm) kaynaklanır. Bu makalede semantik görüşün en popüler öğretisi olan izomorfist temsil anlayışının bilimsel temsile ilişkin pratiklerimizi açıklamada başarısız olduğu savunulacaktır. İzomorfizm bilimsel temsili, model ile modelin ilgili olduğu fiziksel sistem arasındaki ilişkilere indirgeyerek faillerin bilimsel etkinlikteki rolünü dışarıda bırakmakta, modellerin biricikliğini ve kusurlu temsili izah edememekte ve ayrıca temsilin biçimsel özelliklerini karşılayamamaktadır. Son olarak semantik görüş temsil ile doğru temsil arasında bir ayrım yapmadığı için temsile ilişkin pratiklerimizi hakkıyla açıklayamamaktadır.
Uterine Fibroids Management by a Popular Traditional Practitioner in Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
Authors:   Laboratory of Drug Development, University Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Burkina Faso, AGV Coulidiaty , ENH Youl ,   Laboratory of Drug Development, University Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Burkina Faso, E Some ,   Department of Traditional and Alternative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Burkina Faso, P Nadembega ,   Department of Traditional and Alternative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Burkina Faso
Published: April 2022

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Uterine fibroids are the most common benign tumours in women of reproductive age. It represents the most frequent gynaecological pathology among outpatients from the Department of Gynaecology in some teaching hospitals in Burkina Faso. Besides conventional treatments, there is a traditional medicine that is widely used by African populations. This study aims at investigating uterine fibroids management in traditional medicine. Materials and Methods: Structured interviews were administered to the traditional healer and her patients. Ultrasound examination reports were collected. The rationale for the use of the plants was discussed. Results: Trichilia emetical, Securidaca longepedunculata, Cassia sieberiana and Lannea acida were used to treat uterine fibroids. Decoction of the mixture from these plants was used as an oral drink, vaginal baths and sitz bath. In addition to the plants, abdominal expression to extract masses from the pelvis. The mean size of the uterus is 1694421mm vs. 1663637mm; the mean number of fibroids is 6.67 vs. 8; the mean size of fibroids is 3158.67mm³ vs. 3216mm³ and the mean size of the ovaries 1405mm³ vs. 1774mm³ before and after treatment respectively. Conclusion: The plants used by the traditional healer are involved in some pathophysiological pathways of uterine fibroids and justify their use. Further studies to investigate ultrasound outcome, anatomopathological examinations of extracted masses are needed.
NGAL and KIM-1 – early urinary biomarkers of nephrotoxicity mediated by cisplatin: Observational study
Authors: Grechukhina Katerina S. , Chebotareva Natalia V. , Zhukova Liudmila G. , Dorofeev Alexey S. , Krasnova Tatiana N.
Published: April 2022

Background. Cisplatin is widely used in modern oncological practice. Despite high efficacy treatment with cisplatin is conjugated with high risk of nephrotoxicity. Approximately one third of patients develop renal disfunction after first injection of cisplatin. In clinical practice serum creatinine elevation is used as a marker of renal damage, which is observed after failure of 50% of kidney function. That is why the finding of early biomarker of nephrotoxicity is still an issue. NGAL and KIM-1 are markers of renal damage, the predictive value of which has been described in cardiac surgery and resuscitation practice: an increase in the concentration of these markers in urine precedes the development of renal damage, both ischemic and direct toxic.
Aim. To evaluate the role of NGAL and KIM-1 in urine as early markers of cisplatin nephrotoxicity.
Materials and methods. The study included 50 patients treated with cisplatin in combination with fluoropyrimidines or paclitaxel. Prior to treatment and over a period of 8 weeks, the Friedman test was used to assess blood pressure, plasma creatinine, potassium, urea levels, daily proteinuria, urine NGAL and KIM-1 levels, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). ROC analysis was used to assess the prognostic significance of NGAL and KIM-1 in the development of nephrotoxicity.
Results. There was a statistically significant increase in the level of urea (=17.7; df 4, p=0.001), potassium (=42; df 4, p0.001), a decrease in GFR (=32.3; df 4, p0.001), the appearance of proteinuria (=50.4; df 4, p0.001). The concentration of NGAL and KIM-1 increased already one week after the start of cisplatin therapy, reaching a maximum by 8 weeks (=200; df 4, p0.001). The appearance of NGAL at a concentration of 10.743 ng/ml and KIM-1 at a concentration of 182.4 pg/ml in the first week after administration of cisplatin allows predicting the development of nephrotoxicity by the 8th week with high sensitivity (90.91%) and specificity (94.87%), AUC 0.96.
Conclusion. The appearance of NGAL and KIM-1 in urine already in the first week of treatment allows predicting the development of nephrotoxicity a decrease in GFR of less than 60 ml/min by the 8th week of therapy with high sensitivity and specificity. Both biomarkers can be considered early prognostically significant.
Immuno-morphological characteristics of bone marrow in patients with ovarian cancer
Authors: Kozhonalieva Ajchurok M. , Chulkova Svetlana V. , Stilidi Ivan S. , Artamonova Elena V. , Poddubnaya Irina V. , Kolbatskaya Olga  P. , Kupryshina Natalya A. , Egorova Angelina V. , Tupitsyn Nikolai N.
Published: April 2022

Background. Nowadays, one of the promising areas is the study of bone marrow in malignant tumors. It is known that hematogenous metastasis to the bone marrow in cancer is a common event. Identification of bone marrow lesions in ovarian cancer, as well as the study of hematopoiesis, can provide additional information about the features of metastasis of this tumor and will make it possible to assess the prospects for targeted therapy.
Aim. To assess the possibility of detecting disseminated tumor cells in the bone marrow in patients with ovarian cancer, to establish the frequency of bone marrow damage and to analyze the relationship with the clinical and morphological parameters of the tumor.
Materials and methods. This work includes 42 patients with ovarian cancer who received treatment at the Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology. The study was carried out by morphological and immunological methods. Morphological examination of the bone marrow (counting myelograms, calculating myelogram indices, detection of tumor cells) was performed by two morphologists. Disseminated tumor cells were detected using flow cytometry (FACS Canto II, USA, Kaluza Analysis v2.1 software). Monoclonal antibodies were used: CD45, EPCAM.
Results. Disseminated tumor cells in the bone marrow of patients with ovarian cancer were determined based on the expression of the EPCAM antigen and lack of expression of CD45 antigen. Disseminated tumor cells were found in 65.2% (n=15)of bone marrow aspirates. Disseminated tumor cells did not correlate with tumor size, lymph nodes status and stage. The frequency of bone marrow damage was higher at stage III and reached 78.6% (11 out of 14 patients), while it was 33.3% (1 of 3 patients) in stage I. 40.0% of positive cases (2 out of 5 patients) were detected at stage IV. Disseminated tumor cells were found in 78.6% (n=11) of bone marrow aspirates in primary ovarian cancer, while in recurrent ovarian cancer they were found only in 44.4% (n=4).
Conclusion. The hematogenous dissemination of ovarian cancer in the bone marrow was established. Bone marrow lesions was noted even in the early stages of the tumor process. The frequency of detection of disseminated tumor cells in the bone marrow of patients with ovarian cancer was 65.2%. More frequent bone marrow damage was noted in primary ovarian cancer. The number of myelocytes was significantly lower in primary ovarian cancer without bone marrow damage. The number of lymphocyte was lower in cases of bone marrow lesions.
Laparoscopic resections of the liver and the colon in patients with synchronous colorectal metastases: a case series
Authors: Lyadov Vladimir K. , Moskalenko Aleksei N. , Britskaia Natalia N.
Published: April 2022

Aim. To evaluate the results of laparoscopic simultaneous colorectal and liver resections in patients with synchronous liver metastases.
Materials and methods. From July 2019 to July 2021 9 patients with synchronous liver metastases of colorectal origin underwent one-stage mini-invasive surgery in the Department of Oncology №4 City Clinical Oncological Hospital №1. There were 4 totally laparoscopic procedures while 5 patients had laparoscopic colon resection and an open hepatectomy. A laparoscopic rALPPS right hepatectomy with sigmoid colon resection was performed in one case.
Results. There were no deaths during hospitalization or within 90 days after surgery. There were no severe complications requiring repeated surgeries or long-term intensive therapy (DindoClavien IIIBIVB grade). Two patients needed an ultrasound-guided drainage of hematoma and biloma, respectively. There was one case of grade A of liver failure and one case with prolonged antibacterial therapy caused by unclear fever. The average duration of interventions was 401121 min, the average volume of blood loss was 383331 ml. Mean post-operative hospital stay was 104 days.
Conclusion. Our initial experience in the implementation of one-stage laparoscopic surgery in the treatment of patients with synchronous liver metastases of colorectal origin is promising and requires further research and analysis of long-term results.
A modern approach to the treatment of cancer-associated venous thromboembolic complications: a lecture
Authors: Fedotov Sergej A. , Tselousova Lada  M. , Medvedev Alexander P. , Deryabin Roman A. , Gamayunov Sergey V.
Published: April 2022

Cancer-associated venous thromboembolic complications are one of the main topical problems in the system of practical healthcare. Having overlapping pathogenetic mechanisms of development, thromboembolic complications accompany the oncological process and often act as its manifesting sign. Treatment of onco-associated venous thromboembolic complications is not an easy task, which is determined by the multiplicity of the pathogenetic mechanisms of hemostatic system disorders in the cohort of patients under consideration, who are threatened both in terms of the development of total PE and fatal bleeding. In addition to the features of the treatment phases, their duration, an important point in the treatment of cancer-associated thrombosis is a limited list of recommended drugs, as well as the permitted dosage regimens. The article analyzes the results of research aimed at studying the effectiveness of apixaban in the treatment of cancer-associated thromboembolic complications. Now the gold standard for the treatment of venous thromboembolic complications is dalteparin. However, low compliance in the use of dalteparin leads to premature termination of treatment or the patient's independent transition to alternative drugs. The appearance of direct oral anticoagulants has significantly changed the treatment paradigm in this morbid group of patients, while leaving a number of unresolved issues.
Own Experience of Using Lenvatinib in Patients with Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Real Clinical Practice based on Moscow City Oncological Hospital №62
Authors: Volkonsky Mikhail V. , Zhikhorev Roman S. , Makarkina Tatiana A. , Filippova Viktoriia M. , Vasileva Yuliya V. , Akopyan Arshak A. , Zhelezkova Tatyana A.
Published: April 2022

Background. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (hepatocarcinoma) is the most common (about 85% of cases) malignant liver tumor originating from hepatocytes. According to officially published statistics for the city of Moscow for 2019,329 people were registered with the first-ever diagnosed C22 malignant neoplasms (liver and intrahepatic bile ducts, including 6.7% of those who were actively identified. The absolute number of such patients registered at the end of the year was 716, which is 5.7 per 100 000 of the population. The contingent accumulation index is 2.2 (the average for Russia is 1.5). With that,43.1% of patients had stage IV. Mortality rate during the first year after diagnosis is 53.9% (in Russia on the whole, this value is 66.5%). Drug systemic therapy is the method of choice for HCC which is not subject to surgical intervention and local methods of treatment.
Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of the efficacy and safety of lenvatinib in patients diagnosed with HCC was carried out in real clinical practice at the Outpatient Oncology Care Center of the Moscow City Oncological Hospital №62. The data analysis covers the period from February 2016 to June 2021. The analysis included 15 patients with a morphologically verified diagnosis of HCC treated with lenvatinib. For the majority of patients,11 (73.3%) patients received lenvatinib as first-line therapy.
Results. The median progression-free survival was 11.2 months for the entire observation group. In the first line of therapy, the PFS result was the highest and amounted to 12.3 months. The median dose received by patients was 10.9 mg. The level of disease control was 86.6%. The most clinically significant adverse events were grade 2 neutropenia, grade 2 thrombocytopenia, grade 2 asthenia, grade 23 hypertension. Lenvatinib had a manageable safety profile.
Conclusion. The performed analysis confirms the data of the REFLECT study on the efficacy of lenvatinib both in healthy patients and in patients with a spectrum of comorbidities with significant (more than 50% of the liver parenchyma) liver damage.
Osimertinib and routine practice: the experience of the drug application in different clinical situations in case of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer with an EGFR mutation. Case report
Authors: Orlov Sergey V. , Baldin Pavel L. , Diuzeva Natalia V. , Krechetova Anastasia V. , Mordovskiy Aleksey A. , Moskovchenko Aleksandr N. , Musaeva Natalia E. , Romanchuk Olga V.
Published: April 2022

After the introduce of new treatment options is always important to see how the results of the registered studies will be putted into routine clinical practice. Clinical studies help to assess the efficacy and safety of therapy and to conduct the objective comparison of the current standard of treatment. However, it is impossible to take into account all the variety of situations that oncologists can face in their daily work. Nowadays, the use of targeted therapy in the presence of the specific genetic disorders, in particular, driver mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene, is an integral part of the management of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The first EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have significantly changed our possibility of the treatment in this group of patients, and today we are already using the third-generation EGFR TKIs. The review analyzes the experience of using the third-generation EGFR TKIs osimertinib, through the prism of questions, asking by the practitioners: evaluation of the efficacy of treatment in routine practice, the management of difficult patients, in particular, the patients with bone and brain metastases, the patients with multiple primary tumors, the management tactics of patient taking into account the COVID-19 pandemic and related treatment interruptions. The literature and international experience review is completed by clinical cases from different regions of the Russian Federation.
Assessment of the impact of the use of durvalumab for the treatment of advanced small cell lung cancer on the achievement of the target "reduction in mortality from neoplasms"
Authors: Ryazhenov Vasilii V. , Orlov Sergey V. , Ivakhnenko Oksana I.
Published: April 2022

Aim. Impact evaluation of effective methods for advanced small cell lung cancer treatment using the drug durvalumab on the achievement of the Russian Federation national and regional programs Healthcare Development target indicator reduction of mortality from neoplasms.
Materials and methods. The methodology of this study is based on general scientific research methods: general logical (analysis, synthesis, induction), theoretical (generalization), empirical (description, calculation, measurement, comparison). The regulatory framework of the research work was made up by the legislation of the Russian Federation, documents regulating the procedure for providing medical care to patients with malignant neoplasms, technical regulation norms enshrined in the documents of the national standardization system that regulate the procedure for health technologies assessment. As an empirical base, the available official data on the epidemiology of lung cancer, Russian and foreign scientific publications, Russian clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of malignant neoplasms of lungs were analyzed. To conduct health technologies assessment, a mathematical model was developed based on Microsoft Excel 2019 software. The mathematical apparatus used to create a predictive model adapted to predict the results of healthcare cancer programs at the federal and regional levels.
Results. The use of durvalumab for the treatment of advanced small cell lung cancer will provide an increase in the achievement of the target indicator reduction of mortality from neoplasms of the national program Healthcare Development in 2022 by 21.3% (499 additionally prevented deaths), in 2023 by 7.0% (366 additionally averted deaths), in 2024 by 6.0% (441 additionally averted deaths). Obtained results show that the use of durvalumab in combination with standard chemotherapy in patients with advanced small cell lung cancer can have a significant impact on the achievement of targets set in healthcare cancer programs.
Conclusion. The durvalumab usage in real practice in combination with standard chemotherapy (etoposide + platinum drug), in comparison with the use of only standard chemotherapy (etoposide + platinum drug), will reduce cancer mortality and will contribute to achieving the targets of the Russian Federation national and regional programs Healthcare Development reduction of mortality from neoplasms.
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Authors: Injeti Neelam
Published: April 2022

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Caryota urens: value addition, nutritional and medicinal values
Authors: Perumpuli P.A.B.N. , Singharathne S.M.S.J.M. , Wanninaika I.P.
Published: April 2022

Caryota urens which is commonly known as Kithul, is a multipurpose and underutilized
palm mainly distributed in Asia. Due to its numerous applications, it has been considered
an important plant that ensures the livelihood of the village people in Sri Lanka. Thus, this
article reviews the nutritional and medicinal values of kithul palm and its value-added
products. Kithul sap is widely used in the production of kithul treacle and jaggery due to
its high amount of sugar content. Kithul seed oil is high in palmitic and oleic acid and is a
good source of biofuels. Kithul fruit has skin-irritating nature due to the presence of oxalic
acid, and also it contains anti-nutritional substances such as phytate, tannin and saponin.
Different parts of Kithul palm such as leaves, flowers, fruit, sap is rich in antioxidants, anti
-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anti-diabetic properties due to the existence of
flavonoids, glycosides like phytochemicals. Low gelatinization temperature has identified
Kithul flour as a good gelling agent, stabilizer and thickener. Owning to its low Glycemic
Index, kithul flour has become beneficial for people suffering from diabetics. Thus, valueadded products like biscuits, noodles, bread, muffin, rotti, porridge, dessert, yoghurt are
identified as potential products that must be commercialized with more investigations.
Aloe vera gel coating incorporated with citric acid preserves the chemical and
the microbiological qualities of fresh-cut melon
Authors: Low S.M. , Chong C.Y.
Published: April 2022

Fresh-cut fruit is categorized as minimally processed food that is susceptible to quality
deterioration. In this study, Aloe vera gel coating was incorporated with 0.1% citric acid
and 1 or 2% of glycerol (Gly). The effect of coating on the physicochemical properties
and microbial quality of fresh-cut honeydew was studied. Fresh-cut honeydew samples
were coated with different gel formulations (80% AV 1% Gly, 80% AV 2% Gly, 100%
AV 1% Gly, 100% AV 2% Gly) and stored at 4°C in polyethylene bag. Physicochemical
properties (weight loss, pH) and microbial quality of the honeydew samples were
evaluated on storage days two, four and six of storage. The sample treated with 100% AV
2% Gly had the lowest weight loss and aerobic plate count. Further investigation was done
on the titratable acidity, ascorbic acid, total polyphenol content, total yeast and mould
count between coated sample (100% AV 2% Gly) and the uncoated sample. The coated
sample (100% AV 2% Gly) was found to have significantly higher titratable acidity,
ascorbic acid content and total polyphenol content compared to the uncoated sample
(p<0.05). The coating of 100% AV 2% Gly significantly reduced total yeast and mould
count on day six. Aloe vera-citric acid gel coating serves as a potential alternative to
maintaining the quality of the melon.
The Correlation of Caffeine and Fizzy Drink Consumption and Bone Mineral Density in Women Fertilizer Age in Pekanbaru City
Authors: Ratih Rini Hariani , Yusmaharani Yusmaharani , Nurmaliza Nurmaliza
Published: April 2022

Osteoporosis is defined as a decrease in bone mass and is characterized by an increased risk of fracture due to bone fragility. Prevention of low bone density can be done by optimizing the formation of bone mass at the time of growth, namely the age of 20-35 years. Research on osteoporosis in Jakarta in 2011 on subjects aged 20-25 years, stated that 6.3% had osteoporosis and 51.1% had osteopenia (pre-osteoporosis). The aim of the study was to identify the correlation of caffeine and soft drinks consumption toward bone mineral density status in women of childbearing age. This study was a quantitative analytic study, with a cross sectional research design. The sample was women of childbearing age who were in the work area of Tampan District as many as 399 people. The Chi-Square test showed the effect of caffeine consumption and soft drinks on the status of bone mineral density in women of childbearing age with a P value of 0.000 < Alpha 0.05 with a large OR of 24,330 (95% CI: 10,174- 58.182), meaning that respondents who consumed caffeine and soft drinks were 24 times more likely to suffer from osteoporosis. It is expected for women to avoid risk factors that can cause a decrease in bone mineral density and perform early detection of osteoporosis before the age of 30 years.
The Correlation of the Open Dry Treatment to Umbilical Cord Separation Time on Newborns
Authors: Natalia Devira , Sendra Eny , Toyibah Afnani , Wijayanti Lumastari Ajeng , Setyarini Arika Indah
Published: April 2022

According to East Java health profile (2019), the number of neonatal tetanus is 10 cases because of inappropriate treatment. Thus, bacteria enter the body and prolong the umbilical cord separation time. WHO (2010) and Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia (2015) recommend umbilical cord care using an open dry method. This study attempts to identify the correlation of the open dry treatment to umbilical cord separation time according to literary results. Literature review was used to analyze the data from three online databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, and DOAJ using inclusion-exclusion criteria. The keywords were â€œUmbilical Dry Cord Care,â€â€œDay of Release of the Umbilical Cord,â€ â€œPerawatanTali Pusat Kering Terbuka,â€ and â€œLama PelepasanTali Pusat.â€ The analysis method was compared and contrast. Based on 16 articles, the results showed three categories of umbilical cord separation time by using the open dry method. Four articles indicated the fast category (< 5 days), other ten as normal (5-7 days), and the other two the slow category (> 7 days). The accurate method for the umbilical cord care is open dry because the separation time is the fastest. However, further research using primary data is needed.
Factor Predictors of Prolonged Stress of University Students Taking Online Learning
Authors: Priasmoro Dian Pitaloka , Indari Indari , Dwiona M. Ridwanul , Susanto Indra
Published: April 2022

The Covid-19 pandemic has caused changes all aspects of people's lives today, especially in the world of education which requires all elements of education to adapt and continue the rest of the semester with online learning. This condition caused prolonged stress, a condition where there is physical, emotional, and mental fatigue caused by excessive. This research was conducted on April 2021 with the aim of identifying predictors of prolonged stress of students taking online learning. The method used descriptive approach. The data analysis used factor analysis with KMO and Bartlett's Test methods. The population in this research were all students of nursing study program ITSK RS dr. Soepraoen Malang total 815. The sampling technique used accidental sampling with total sample of 279. The instrument used Maslach Burnout Inventory which distributed online by google forms. The results showed that almost all of the students who experienced mild to moderate prolonged stress were regular students with a total of 252 people (90.3%), low to moderate respondents were unmarried, organizational factors causing prolonged stress were institutional support, more than half of the respondents, 27 people (9,7 %) who felt adequate support from the institution experienced prolonged stress in the mild to moderate category. The dominant factor was student's status as a regular student or assignment or study permit with the significance value was 0.001 <0.05. It is recommended that students actively seek support systems from family and friends as well as educational institutions that are consistent in supporting students
Elderly Participation in Elderly POSYANDU in Relationship with Family Support
Authors: Kiswati Wiwis , Titisari Ira , Aisyah Siti
Published: April 2022

In 2020, there are an estimated 727 million elderly over worldwide. In Indonesia, according to the East Java Health Profile, it is stated that the coverage of the elderly who received health services in 2019 was 62.9% of the 5,221,188 elderly (East Java Provincial Health Office, 2020) which is very far from the minimum standard for elderly posyandu services, which is 80%. The purpose of this study was to see whether there was a relationship between the involvement of the elderly in the posyandu for the elderly with family support. The Elderly Posyandu is one of the services for the elderly which includes prevention, improvement, treatment, and healing activities. This study was conducted to see whether there is a relationship between the participation of the elderly in the posyandu for the elderly in relation to support from the family. This writing uses a systematic mapping review design. Using the keywords â€œElderlyâ€ AND â€œFamily Supportâ€ AND â€œParticipation in Elderly Posyanduâ€ OR â€œFamily Supportâ€ AND â€œElderlyâ€ AND â€œHealth Servicesâ€. This writing uses a comparison technique. 10 articles were selected using CASP tools and JBI tools. Articles were taken from the Google Scholar database (1 journal), PubMed (2 journals), e-Journal (2 journals), Garuda (3 journals), and Researchgate (2 journals). There is a relationship between the actions of the elderly in attending the posyandu for the elderly with family support, which consists of instrumental assistance, information assistance, assessment assistance, and emotional assistance. From the results of the analysis, it has been found that there is a relationship between the participation of the elderly in the elderly posyandu in relation to family support. We hope that these findings can be used as a basis for analyzing plans to improve health for the elderly
Literature Review: Fluid Therapy in Preventing Hypotension in Section Caesarean with Spinal Anesthesia
Authors: Sukmaningtyas Wilis , Utami Tin
Published: April 2022

Background: Hypotension is a complication that often occurs in section Caesarea with spinal anesthesia. Severe hypotension poses serious risks to the mother (such as loss of consciousness) and the baby (such as oxygen deprivation and brain damage). So to prevent hypotension, it can be done by giving crystalloid or colloid fluid therapy after spinal anesthesia is carried out. Methods: Articles were searched using 3 databases (PubMed, Pro-Quest, and Google scholar) with a randomized controlled trial research method. The literature is limited between 2010 and 2019. Results: Seven articles with average results on administration of both preloaded and concomitant crystalline and colloidal fluids can reduce the incidence of hypotension, but for this technique Hypotension cannot be completely reduced and should be used with Vasopresor. Discussion and conclusion: The incidence of hypotension after spinal anesthesia should be treated immediately to prevent injury to the kidneys, heart, and brain by giving oxygen and increasing the rate of infusion (colored) of 100 ml of colloid or crystalloid fluid within the first 5 minutes or less for improving blood pressure. If blood pressure is still low after fluids are given, a vasoconstrictor such as ephedrine 5-10 mg can be gradually given.
Literature Review: Quality of Life in Patients with Overactive Bladder
Authors: Astuti Vitaria Wahyu , Ratantri Ayu , Kurniajati Sandy
Published: April 2022

Overactive Bladder, hereinafter referred to as OAB, is a complaint of urgency accompanied by urgency incontinence or without urgency incontinence, which is usually followed by an increase in urinary frequency during the day and nocturia, without infection or other pathology of the bladder. OAB can affect the quality of life of sufferers. This study analyzes the relationship between OAB and quality of life based on databases such as Science Direct, Elsevier, Willey Library, Sage Journal, and Google Scholar, 2010-2020. The study results show that the prevalence of OAB in men and women increases with age and women are at greater risk major have OAB. The incidence of OAB is most experienced at the age of > 60 years. Based on 10 journals, 6 journals stated that there was a relationship between OAB and quality of life. The conclusion of this study is that OAB can reduce the quality of life in men and women
Efficiency of Inter-Budgetary Regulation of Heavily Subsidized Budgets at the Subnational Level
Authors: Tashtamirov М. Р.
Published: April 2022

The subject of this article is the set of economic and financial relations that develop in the process of inter-budgetary regulation and equalization of budgetary provision and balance of heavily subsidized budgets at the subnational level. The purpose of the study is to identify the degree of influence and effectiveness of the existing system of inter-budgetary regulation and fiscal decentralization in Russia in relation to heavily subsidized budgets at the subnational level in the context of their socio-economic, budgetary and financial condition and development. The methodological basis of the study is based on the Russian budgetary legislation, as well as domestic and foreign scientific studies devoted to the theory of fiscal decentralization (federalism), mechanisms for equalizing budgetary provision at the subnational level, approaches to assessing the degree of influence of fiscal decentralization on stimulating economic growth in regions and states. In the course of the study, the author applies a systematic approach, as well as general scientific and special methods: coefficient method, comparative, structural dynamic retrospective analysis. The analysis of the relationship and dispersion of the financial parameters of subnational budgets using the Pearson pair correlation coefficient, as well as the coefficients of variation and oscillation. The study reveals the problematic aspects of the effectiveness of the existing system of inter-budgetary regulation and the convergence of the socio-economic state of heavily subsidized regions in recent years. This result contradicts most budgetary practices and the theory of fiscal decentralization, which justifies the need for a qualitative change in the existing system of inter-budgetary regulation. The main conclusion of the study is that the existing mechanism of inter-budgetary regulation and the existing instruments for equalizing budgetary provision do not contribute to a significant change in the fiscal and socio-economic parameters of the development of heavily subsidized budgets at the subnational level. The nature of the use of the gratuitous aid received for this category of subjects of the country is reduced to short-term coverage of the gap in financing expenditure obligations but does not change the model of either the organization of budget regulation or the regional economy. Soft budget constraints create weak incentives and lead to financial and economic problems — increased dependency and subsidies.
EAEU Countries Foreign Trade Policy: Results of Simulation Modeling
Authors: Ginoyan A. B. , Tkachenko A. A.
Published: April 2022

The authors examine the impact of foreign trade on the development of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). The relevance of the study is related to the role of foreign trade in the integration processes of the EAEU countries. The purpose of the study is to identify, on the basis of a modified gravity model of international trade, the possible contribution of changes in the foreign trade policy of the EAEU countries to the growth of their foreign trade. The authors apply a pseudo-maximum likelihood estimation method, which is Poisson regression. Based on the results of the gravity model, covering the data of 97 countries with volumes of 95% of world GDP and 85% of international trade flows, the authors identified the potential contribution of possible changes in the foreign trade policy of the EAEU countries to the growth of their foreign trade turnover, including the reorientation of country directions. The authors gave a quantitative assessment of the foreign trade potential of the EAEU countries in trade with the main partners. The study presents an assessment of the impact on the volume of foreign trade of Belarus of its possible accession to the WTO, which could increase this volume by 11.4%. Particular attention is paid to modeling the trade potential of the EAEU countries with 40 leading trading partners. An analysis of the foreign trade of these countries shows no noticeable changes in the structure of its directions, and the foreign trade turnover continues to grow at an insufficient rate. The simulation results led to the conclusion that the EAEU countries have significant trade potential with the United States, the United Arab Emirates, Singapore, Sweden, Malaysia, Spain and Brazil, and the actual volume of trade with these countries is less than 50% of the potential. Realization of this potential requires, as shown in the study, significant changes in the foreign economic orientation of the EAEU countries and modification of foreign trade policy.
A Study on Impact of Merger and Acquisition on Financial Performance of Agri-Food Companies
Authors: Gupta I. , Raman T. V.
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this study is to explore the expansion of merger and acquisition (M&A) literature in the context of Indian studies and examine the impact of mergers and acquisitions on various financial performance parameters of India’s Agri-Food companies. The period of study is from 2011 to 2019, and Wilcoxon Sign Rank methodology has been used. The study hypothesized that there is significant growth in Indian literature of M&A and there is a significant difference in the operating performance, financial performance and shareholders’ return of acquiring firms during the period of pre-M&A and post-M&A. The study findings state that the literature of M&A in India increases significantly, and the operating ratio, financial ratio, and shareholder return also exhibit a significant improvement whereas the expense ratio related to the operating ratio shows no improvement in performance. The study concludes that the India Agri-Food company’s financial performance has improved overall for the acquiring firms during the post-M&A period.
Media Timeline Development with the Focusky Application to Improve Chronological Thinking Skills
Authors: Ofianto Ofianto , Aman Aman , Sariyatun Sariyatun , Bunari Bunari , Zahra Tri Zahra Ningsih , Marni Marni Emiar Pratiwi
Published: April 2022

Students studying history must possess chronological thinking skills to identify time order, calculate calendar time, understand timelines, and reveal historical continuity and change. A wide range of instruments and media is required to support the development of these skills. This research aims to create media timelines to help students enhance their chronological thinking skills. The research techniques employed were Research and Development (R & D) and the ADDIE development model. The ADDIE stage is broken down into three parts, namely, analysis, development, and implementation. The sample subjects consisted of expert teams as expert validators, history teachers, and Class XI students to assess the product's practicality and determine the effectiveness of the developed media. Expert validation questionnaire sheets, student and teacher response questionnaire sheets, and description exams were used to collect data. The descriptive analysis approach was used to define the level of media validity and practicality, while the N-Gain approach was used to determine the effectiveness of the media. The results of expert validation showed an average score of 4.44 in the very good category. The teachers’ and students’ response tests yielded average scores of 4.97 and 4.31, showing that the media timeline is practical for learning history. The N-Gain value of 68% further indicates that the students' capacity to think chronologically improved. Clearly, using the media timeline in history class to develop chronological explanation skills is feasible, practical, and beneficial.
Virus del papiloma humano y su relación con el cáncer de cérvix
Authors: Cárdenas Chávez Ariana Brigitte , Campuzano Rizzo Betsy Lisbeth , Paredes Paredes Julia Narcisa , Novillo Flores Marleen del Carmen
Published: April 2022

El VPH es un virus que se transmite por medio de relaciones sexuales, en edades tempranas, con una prevalencia mayor en mujeres menores a 25 años, sin embargo, no hay que desestimarlo ya que puede desarrollar en algunos casos cáncer de cérvix. La metodología utilizada para el presente trabajo de investigación, se enmarcada dentro de una revisión bibliográfica de tipo documental, ya que nos vamos a ocupar de temas planteados a nivel teórico como es Virus del papiloma humano y su relación con el cáncer de cérvix. La técnica para la recolección de datos está constituida por materiales electrónicos, estos últimos como Google Académico, PubMed, entre otros, apoyándose para ello en el uso de descriptores en ciencias de la salud o terminología MESH. La información aquí obtenida será revisada para su posterior análisis. En base a la bibliografía consultada y analizada, si existe una relación directa entre el cáncer de cérvix con el VPH, sin embargo, esto no quiere decir que toda mujer que padezca VPH, se le va a desarrollar un cáncer de cuello uterino u otra patología maligna asociada al mismo, y esto en base a que el VPH generalmente no tiene sintomatología, solo en aquellos casos en donde la citología como prueba rutinaria de la mujer que acude a consulta ginecológica, le pueden aparecer o detectar ciertas verrugas, que asociadas a otras pruebas, pueden confirmar la presencia del VPH, sin embargo a pesar que este virus no tiene una cura per se, ya que el cuerpo entre un 80 y 90% suele resolverlo de manera espontánea, es posible que en aquellos casos donde el organismo no pueda desecharlo, se tiene que mantenerlo controlado para que no evolucione a algo más delicado como el cáncer.
Farmacología del amlodipino
Authors: Chan Macías Shuyin Bernarda , Tapia Toral Mauro Miguel , Vargas Macías Carlos Andrés , Guaigua López Silvia Marcela
Published: April 2022

El amlodipino es un antagonista del calcio, de la familia de dihidropiridinas, y su función principal es inhibir la entrada de iones de calcio a través de las membranas celulares de los músculos cardíaco y liso vascular. La metodología utilizada para el presente trabajo de investigación, se enmarcada dentro de una revisión bibliográfica de tipo documental, ya que nos vamos a ocupar de temas planteados a nivel teórico como es Farmacología del amlodipino. La técnica para la recolección de datos está constituida por materiales electrónicos, estos últimos como Google Académico, PubMed, entre otros, apoyándose para ello en el uso de descriptores en ciencias de la salud o terminología MESH. La información aquí obtenida será revisada para su posterior análisis. El amlodipino es un antagonista del calcio con amplias ventajas clínicas y propiedades farmacocinéticas, que está clasificado dentro del grupo de las dihidropiridinas, tiene la particularidad de retrasar el Cmáx, lo que genera pocas reacciones adversas porque no se produce una vasodilatación tan rápida como otros fármacos del mismo grupo. Su eliminación dentro del organismo tiene una larga vida media de aproximadamente 40 horas y esto debido a su capacidad de volumen de distribución y su lento aclaramiento hepático, lo que permite una administración única diaria, logrando un mayor cumplimiento terapéutico para el paciente. Aparte de lo anteriormente descrito puede ser combinado con otros fármacos antihipertensivos, potenciando el efecto hipotensor de diuréticos, betabloqueantes, inhibidores de la enzima de conversión de la angiotensina (IECA) y alfabloqueantes.
La acción de protección en el Ecuador: sus orígenes
Authors: Pazmiño Castillo José Roberto
Published: April 2022

La presente investigación pretende obtener y dar a conocer un conocimiento doctrinario constitucional y jurídico, en la aplicación, desarrollo y análisis de la Acción de Protección en el Ecuador, esta Acción es de gran importancia en nuestro país debido al esquema constitucional que rige a partir del 2008 y que va orientado a la protección a los derechos de los ciudadanos mediantes garantías constitucionales, sin embargo la Acción de Protección ha generado falencias en su aplicación. Al existir un conflicto en su aplicación de esta garantía, al ser promulgada la Ley Orgánica de Garantías Jurisdiccionales y Control Constitucional, esta Ley fue creada para regular el correcto procedimiento constitucional, se debe aceptar las falencias en la aplicación constitucional. Los derechos consagrados en la Constitución de la República del Ecuador y cuando son vulnerados, se entendería, que todo aquel o aquellos, que reclamen por el amparo, protección y reparación de sus derechos lo deberían hacer por la vía constitucional.
Changes in students’ attitudes and perceptions towards ESL testing: a case study from a group of adult learners
Authors: León-Abad Eliana , García Villao Tatiana , Villar Monica , Herrera Romina
Published: April 2022

This paper has the intention of presenting, justifying, evaluating, and providing reflections about the work done by a group of teachers at UPSE-EP English Modules together with two experienced teachers in ESL teaching for high school sections, and with a teacher from an external university who provided an objective perspective towards the problem started. One specific higher education class was the subject of study. It was a group of students from a master’s program. The intention of this work is to evidence changes in students’ attitudes and perceptions towards ESL testing, and it will provide information related to the teacher’s perceptions about the benefits and the impact of assessment during the preparation course.