bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From BEXUS to HEMERA: The application of lessons learned on the development and manufacturing of stratospheric payloads at S5Lab
Authors: Marzioli Paolo , Frezza Lorenzo , Picci Niccolò , Palo Luigi di , Collettini Luca , Garofalo Riccardo , Bedetti Emanuele , Curianò Federico , Celesti Paola , Nunzio Clara di , Misercola Linda , Gianfermo Andrea , Graux Alessandra , Zarcone Gaetano , Piergentili Fabrizio , Santoni Fabio
Published: July 2022

In the last years the S5Lab (Sapienza Space Systems and Space Surveillance Laboratory) from Sapienza University of Rome has given to the students the opportunity to gather knowledge on stratospheric payloads by supporting the design and development of two experiments selected for the participation in the REXUS/BEXUS educational Programme, managed by three european space institutions. The insights and lessons learned gathered during the participations in the REXUS/BEXUS educational programme gave the possibility to the student to take part in the development of a third experiment in the frame of the professional research programme HEMERA and complete it successfully. STRATONAV (STRATOspheric NAVigation experiment) was a stratospheric experiment based on Software Defined Radios (SDRs) technology whose aim was the testing of the VOR (VHF Omnidirectional Range) navigation system, evaluating its performance above the standard service volume, which was launched on BEXUS 22 in October 2016. TARDIS (Tracking and Attitude Radio-based Determination In Stratosphere) was developed as a follow up of STRATONAV between 2018 and 2019. Similarly to its predecessor TARDIS was a stratospheric experiment aimed at exploiting the VOR signal, with the aid of SDRs, to perform in-flight attitude and position determination, and was launched on BEXUS 28 in October 2019. After the launch of TARDIS, a team composed both by former STRATONAV and TARDIS students was formed for the development of a third stratospheric experiment going by the name of STRAINS (Stratospheric Tracking Innovative Systems), conceived by Sapienza University of Rome and ALTEC and supported by ASI. STRAINS main objective was the proof of concept of the possibility of achieving the Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) and the Frequency Difference of Arrival (FDOA) for navigation purposes with the aid of SDRs. The experiment was developed between 2020 and 2021 exploiting the lessons learned from the former team members of the two BEXUS campaigns and was launched on board of the Hemera H2020 stratospheric balloon in September 2021 from Esrange Space Center, Kiruna, Sweden. After a brief description of the

stratospheric payloads design and manufacturing, the paper will present the major lessons learned from the previous stratospheric experiments, STRATONAV and TARDIS, and their application to the development and manufacturing of the latest launched stratospheric experiment STRAINS, as well as their educational return to the students involved in the projects.
Demonstrating cosmological and Doppler redshift in the classroom
Authors: Marshall Oriel , Tojeiro Rita , Weijmans Anne-Marie
Published: July 2022

Cosmology is often a difficult subject to teach as it can involve many confusing and sometimes abstract concepts. One particular topic with many existing misconceptions and difficulties surrounding it is redshift, specifically the difference between Doppler shift (due to the peculiar velocities of galaxies) and cosmological redshift (due to the expansion of the side). Redshift of galaxies, despite being an extremely useful and interesting scientific tool, can often become a tedious subject to teach as it is largely theoretical and usually does not include demonstrations or interaction in the classroom. It can be challenging to understand, and therefore also challenging to explain, the differences between Doppler and cosmological redshift, often leading to this distinction being overlooked entirely. The set of demonstrations developed during this astrophysics masters project, along with the accompanying presentation, worksheet, and teacher notes, aim to explain both Doppler and cosmological redshift clearly and in an engaging and memorable way. The demonstrations use remote control vehicles to represent peaks of a travelling wave of light. When demonstrating Doppler shift, the vehicles are released from a plastic board that is being pulled away, representing a receding source of light. When demonstrating cosmological redshift, the vehicles are driven along a wide stretchy exercise band, representing a section of the expanding Universe through which this wave of light is travelling. This teaching resource will introduce interactive learning, proven to be very effective when teaching astronomy, and provides a useful and fun physical analogy to demonstrate an often-misunderstood subject.
Development of a proof-of-concept space propulsion system for nano-satellite applications using additive manufacturing
Authors: Chia Andy , Prabhu Vinayak , Gan An Zhi , Puah Melvin , Lek Vincent , Kiong Teoh Woik , Thow Vivian Shie
Published: July 2022

In this project, Additive Manufacturing techniques was used to develop a proof-of-concept space propulsion system for nanosatellite applications. The main propulsion unit is made up of a metallic structural housing that is additively manufactured using aluminium powder (AlSi10Mg) on the EOS M290 machine. This housing serves as the reservoir that stores nitrogen gas as the propellant, and other components of the propellant system are assembled into it. The novel feature of the housing is that the propellant feed lines are integrated into the structure. This eliminated welds and joints typically found in conventional propellant storage tank, thereby minimizing leakage whilst simplifying assembly and integration. At the same time, the housing was designed using Design for AM techniques, and this made it possible to increase propellant storage capacity by minimizing support structures. The miniature propulsion nozzle, a key component of the propulsion system, was produced using micro-milling techniques to produce a full 3D converging-diverging profile. A secondary objective of the project was to validate this unique approach by conducting in-space validation experiments to determine the viability of AM in the development of space propulsion applications. Work is currently on-going in the assembly and integration of the proof-of-concept propulsion payload into a 1U Cubesat, where it will serve as the primary payload.

This Cubesat mission features a secondary payload which is a commercial off-the-shelf imaging sensor with M12 ruggedized lens that will be tasked with space imaging applications. The current plan is to launch the Cubesat from the International Space Station using the J-SSOD module. The project was carried out by a multi-disciplinary staff/student team comprising faculty members with domain expertise in aerospace, additive manufacturing, avionics/electronics, advanced machining, quality assurance and mechanical testing. The faculty members were

responsible for the design, development, and integration of the proof-of-concept propulsion and imaging payloads. The project also provided valuable opportunities for our students to gain hands-on experience in space and satellite engineering. The students hail from the diplomas in aerospace, aviation systems and advanced & digital manufacturing. They were co-located within the Assembly, Integration and Testing lab which features a class 10,000 clean booth. The students supported Cubesat and payload development and integration as well as mechanical testing.
Ice moon research – A phenomenon called plume
Authors: Zuegner Mario Andre
Published: July 2022

Based on the observations of the Cassini-Huygens space exploration mission, Saturn's moon Enceladus was found to be a very promising subject in the solar system for further exploration and follow-up research, especially focusing on the potential of extraterrestrial life and its origin.

Near its South Pole, fountains, specified plumes, consisting mostly of water vapor and small salt-rich ice grains with intermittent activity were observed at the surface. With supersonic speed the water vapor is exiting the trenches known as Tiger Stripes. The driving force of these plumes are not completely understood yet. In current models, Enceladus is expected to consist of a rocky core, surrounded by an ocean of liquid water and covered by a layer of ice. The observed phenomenon is assumed to be caused by the tidal forces that act upon Enceladus. However, several models try to describe the underlying physical processes. Various investigations have recognized the astrobiological potential of Enceladus, even proposed a concept for a sample return for further research in relation to the subsurface ocean. Cassini ́s existing analysis already identified CH4, CO, CO2, simple and complex organics at an altitude of approximately 190 km which allow the assumption of supersonic speeds. That said, the goal of our experiment is to gain further indices/evidence to support the current models of the plumes. Our experiment takes place on a sounding rocket which gives access to a stable vacuum and microgravity in addition. The achieved altitude with its physical environment provides almost the conditions at Enceladus related to the gravitation. The rocket module contains a pressurized and heated water reservoir which is connected via an injection system with the evaporation chamber. On the top a convergent-divergent nozzle is welded. Furthermore a nozzle cover system and a locking mechanism are integrated. At apogee, the nozzle shall be opened and the fluid stream (assumingly made up of ice, water droplets and vapor) shall exit the module at about Mach 2. The necessary fluid-dynamic data is gathered by multiple temperature and pressure measurements at different points on the module. So, the vapor stream shall be compared to the expectations based on the models. Finally it is to mention that our project is still running and waiting for its launch. Caused through the Corona crisis and the Ukraine war the launch cycle was canceled two years in succession. With much luck the rocket will launch in March 2023.
Simulating atmospheric turbulence: Code development and educational applications
Authors: Salazar Ferran , Marzoa Domínguez Antonio , Crusellas Marc , Casamor Oriol , Mazón Bueso Jordi , Arines Justo
Published: July 2022

Earth atmosphere turbulence affects many areas of interest related with Space studies, such as optical communications or Astronomy. In fact, it is a key topic for such applications and, thus, it is important for students in aerospace and aeronavigation studies to get some knowledge of the basis of such phenomena, and how to compensate for it. The phenomenon of turbulence is tangent to many areas such as Optics, Meteorology, Fluid Dynamics, Astronomy, Space Science and Telecommunications, among others. To properly understand the effect of such phenomena on the propagation of an optical signal is imprescindible to properly evaluate and implement the corrections introduced with Adaptive Optics [1] and for understanding the limitations of optical free-space communications channels. The simulation of optical propagation through turbulence constitutes an intuitive and powerful tool for visualizing and understanding such phenomena. Within those ideas, a Final Degree Project,

based on the development of simulation tools of atmospheric turbulence is carried out in the Escola d’Enginyeria de Telecomunicacions i Aeroespacial de Castelldefels (EETAC) of the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC). In this communication the development of an

application, written in MATLAB®, for the simulation of optical propagation through turbulent mediums is presented.

The project consists of the development of a software based on scalar diffraction theory [2] and Kolmogorov’s turbulence theory for the generation of turbulent phases under specific meteorological conditions and the simulation of the propagation of an electromagnetic signal

through them. With this tool, different applications are going to be analysed.

As an example of application, at the moment this communication is presented, the code is capable of performing the reconstruction of the generated phase in terms of Zernike coefficients [3], providing key information for the understanding of the aberrations introduced

by the turbulence and also for correcting them with a proper design. The communication first describes the main basis of the problem, in terms of scalar diffraction theory, and the structure of the application. Later, some results are presented and discussed. Finally, the application of

the tool for adaptive optics, optical free-space communications and as an educational application for aeronavigation and aerospace students is discussed, with emphasis in the context of the different degrees, courses and subjects taught in the EETAC.
The structural analysis of AlainSat-1: An earth observation 3U CubeSat
Authors: Wan Aasim Wan Faris Aizat , AlMazrouei Mai , Okasha Mohamed , Jallad Abdul Halim
Published: July 2022

This paper presents the structural analysis of a remote sensing CubeSat planned for launch in Q4 2022. AlainSat-1 is a collaborative endeavour between the IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society and the National Space Science and Technology Center at United Arab Emirates University. To ensure that the conceptual design of the satellite satisfies design requirements Quasi-Static Analysis, Modal Analysis and Random Vibration Analysis are conducted using SIEMENS NX. These analyses identify the satellite’s fundamental frequencies along with measuring the resulting deformations and stresses it experiences as a response to both the static and dynamic loads exerted by SpaceX’s Falcon 9 launch vehicle. Modal Analysis results show that the satellite’s lowest fundamental frequency 120.405Hz, complies with standards set by the QB50 Project and both Quasi-Static and Random Vibration analysis indicated that stress values are within safe limits. Issues detected during the various phases of the analyses such as occurrence of unusually high concentrated stresses and discrepancies between different element stress results are highlighted and the subsequent approach towards overcoming them are explained. Future work will involve validating obtained results experimentally using a vibration shaker test equipment on the actual AlainSat-1 structure.
Lessons learned when developing a high performance attitude controlled platform to achieve microgravity for low-cost experiments
Authors: Wolnievik Andreas , Janes Noel , Pérez Cámara Flavia , Dengel Ric , Delley Diane , Hartmann Anne , Maestro Redondo Paloma , Llamas Lanza Miguel , Samuelsson Erik , Chacartegui Rojo Íñigo de Loyola , Lange Jonathan , Fernández Bravo Elena , Hiemstra Cornelis Peter , Scholz Sebastian , Isberg Henning , Kull Tõnis , Gouvalas Spyridon
Published: July 2022

Available Attitude Control Systems are often targeted at orbital flights, and therefore manoeuvre slowly. As such, these solutions are suboptimal for sounding rocket experiments, as experiments such as those conducted on free falling units have restricted flight times. Furthermore, current attitude control systems are usually aimed at projects with extensive funding, and are therefore out of the budget range of low-cost experiments. Taking these constraints into account, the objective of project ASTER is to design and test a low-cost, fast-acting solution, to stabilise and orientate a free-falling platform, which is capable of providing microgravity conditions for experiments. The proposed design utilises three reaction wheels, controlled by a closed loop system, to stabilise the Free Falling Unit within seconds. The platform will be able to perform predefined slewing manoeuvres, which can be adapted to a wide range of applications. The free falling unit is a cube weighing around 3kg with a side length of 150 x 150 x 180 mm, with a recovery parachute system included. Designed to act as a system platform for free falling units, it will be able to accommodate future experiments, providing an easily adaptable payload bay with dimensions up to 56 x 91 x 77 mm. Furthermore, the system will be recovered after the experiment has been concluded and the results obtained will be published on an open source basis to ensure its future availability to other student and low budget research projects, thereby allowing further improvement, optimisation, and customisation. The experiment development began in September 2019 and is scheduled to fly on a sounding rocket in March 2023. Team ASTER wants to contribute to the student community by sharing the experiences and lessons learned during the project development, which is what will be focused upon in this paper and accompanying presentation.
On-board image classification payload for a 3U CubeSat using machine learning for on-orbit cloud detection
Authors: Purio Mark Angelo C. , Leong Timothy Ivan , Abbas Yasir M. O. , Elmegharbel Hoda Awny , Hiraki Koju , Cho Mengu
Published: July 2022

CubeSats are giving the opportunity for educational institutes to participate in the space industry, develop new technologies and test out new ideas in outer space. CubeSat missions are developed to perform scientific research and demonstrate new space technologies with relatively cheap cost and limited resources. This category of satellites has many limitations such as the short development time, the power consumption and the limited time and capability of data downlink. Earth Observation from a Low Earth Orbit is one of the most appealing m applications of CubeSats developed by students or non-space faring countries. Investigating new technologies to improve image quality and studying ways to increase acquisition adequacy is very promising. This paper aims to introduce a mission hardware design and machine learning-based algorithm used within an Earth Observation (EO) CubeSat. The case study of this paper is Alainsat-1 project which is a 3U CubeSat developed with the support of IEEE Geo-science and Remote Sensing Society (GRSS) at the National Space Science and Technology Center, UAE. The satellite is planned to be launched by 2022. A low-resolution Commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) camera for EO is developed as a primary mission in this

CubeSat. The compatible hardware design and software algorithm proposed is responsible for classifying the images captured by the camera into different categories based on cloud intensity detected in these images before downloading them to the ground station. A microcontroller-based architecture is developed for controlling the mission board; it is responsible for accessing the memory, reading the images, and running the cloud detection algorithm. The cloud detection algorithm is based on a U-net architecture while the algorithm is developed using a Tensor-flow library. This model is trained using a dataset of images taken from the Landsat 8 satellite project. Moreover, the SPARCS cloud assessment dataset is used to evaluate the developed model on a new set of images. The overall accuracy achieved by the model is around 85% in addition to the acceptable performance of the model observed on a set of low-resolution images. The plan is to make the design modular and optimize its

performance to be used on-board CubeSats fulfilling the size constraint and overall power consumption limitation of an add-on module to a camera mission.
Development of a low-cost ground segment capable of receiving data from nanosatellites: a partnership between Brazil and Portugal
Authors: Santos Júlio , Braga João , Alves Henrique , Silva Jeremy , Resende Daniel , Teixeira André , Kakitani Marcos
Published: July 2022

Two universities joined forces to develop a shared ground segment (Ground Stations and Mission Operation Centers) for satellite signals reception, capable of working together autonomously in a network to receive telemetry data and decode information. The main objective of this cooperation and network is to, firstly, give both universities an infrastructure capable of receiving signals in VHF and UHF. Secondly, and most importantly, it aims to create an exchange of experiences between students from these universities while also contributing to the regional development of each country in nanosatellite data reception technology. The ground segment itself provides mutual data collection on a private server, using two ground stations located in different hemispheres to expand global coverage and minimize revisit time, which also contributes to supplying the nanosatellite telemetries database, which is being built in Portugal. The server architecture allows both universities to schedule future passes of their chosen satellites, recording them in a log file that can be used in future studies, enabling research groups to gain experience in signal processing analysis. The modular system is developed entirely using Commercial Of-The-Shelf (COTS) components and 3D printed parts, including Antennas, Amplifiers, Filters and also SDRs (Software Defined Radio), leaving the door open to new integrations that can expand frequency coverage, or system performance improvements. The design supports a wide variety of missions, operating on amateur radio frequency in VHF (2 m band of 144-146 MHz) and UHF (70 cm band of 430-440 MHz), enabling remote access and remote control of the antennas and their recorded data. All the ground segment architecture, hardware, and software, as well as its operational procedures, are discussed in this paper and can be found in detail on our public repository in GitLab. As of March 21st, it has completed several observations for verification. The results are being processed on a low-cost computer (Raspberry Pi4) connected to an SDR which in turn connects to the antennas. The assembly of this interface intends to give a friendly user experience and, if desirable, an easy expansion of this system. The project developed can be easily replicated in other locations around the world, mainly because of its low price and ease of use.
Trade-off between concurrent engineering software tools for utilisation in space education and beyond
Authors: Bach Christian , Drobny Christian , Tajmar Martin
Published: July 2022

Concurrent engineering is an approach to the development of complex systems that is char- acterised by direct communication between the disciplines involved. Instead of processing the individual disciplines one after the other, as in sequential design, or processing via a single contact person, as in centralised design, all systems work simultaneously. Learning this inter- action and understanding what information needs to be communicated between disciplines are among the central learning objectives of the course "Spacecraft Design" at Technische Uni- versität Dresden, Institute of Aerospace Engineering. In this course, the students represent different disciplines and work out a mission study that is commissioned by the lecturers. The lecturers thus participate in the development process in the role of customers. Key to the concurrent engineering approach is that each discipline has access to the most current design data at all times. This can be done via a dedicated software solution. Both commercial and open source software tools are available. Within the frame of the above-men- tioned course, several tools have been tested. The covered software solutions comprise ESA Open Concurrent Design Tool (OCDT), RHEA Concurrent Design Platform (CDP), Valispace and IBM Rhapsody. This contribution presents the experience that we gathered with these concurrent engineering software tools. First, the tools are described and their commonalities and distinctions are high- lighted. Subsequently, a detailed trade-off between the tools is being presented. This trade-off will particularly focus on the utilisation of these tools within the scope of course work at univer- sities, as this entails special requirements and boundary conditions, such as very limited time for introducing the software, highly heterogeneous user group, limited utilisation of the software in terms of depth and functionality, to only name a few. Within this contribution, we will also explore alternative approaches, such as using no software at all. The aim of this contribution is to offer other teachers and students some guideline for selecting a concurrent engineering software solution and implementing it in course work, in a way that using the tool itself does not become the central learning challenge of the course. The results might be of interest beyond university courses, as some requirements, like short times to get familiar with the software or certain interface requirements, also apply to other environments in research and development.
QuantSat-PT: an attitude determination and control system architecture for QKD
Authors: Revés João , Viveiros Inês , Cunha Rita , Rocha Rui , Monteiro João Paulo , Borralho Ana , André Paulo , Niehus Manfred , Mendes Pedro , Ruas João , Soares Miguel , Pinho David , Galetsky Vladlen , Fernandes Carlos , Zambrini Cruzeiro Emmanuel , Ribeiro Rafaela , Omar Yasser
Published: July 2022

This article presents the QuantSaT-PT project, an effort to create the first Portuguese nanosatellite for space to ground quantum communication. Focused on the Attitude Determination and Control System, it describes the different elements that allow for the attainment of diverse accuracy levels required for separate mission stages. Given the harsh pointing precision necessary for establishing a quantum downlink, the implementation of this module presents a major challenge in the Cubesat field. Furthermore, the introduced architecture aims to reduce system cost by replacing the state-of-the-art star tracker with ground beacon detection.
Space education activities at the Romanian Science Festival
Authors: Kruk Sandor , Romocea Oana , Casapopol Eliza , Ignat Cristian , Bledea Iuliana , Vizireanu Alina
Published: July 2022

Eastern European countries, in particular Romania, offer much fewer opportunities for science and space outreach and informal science education compared to the West. Romanian Science Festival was founded in 2018 with the aim of answering questions raised by the inquisitive minds of children all over Romania. In 2019, we reached over 20,000 people with our live events: open-air science festivals, space talks and astronomical observations. During the COVID-19 pandemic, we organised 58 live webinars of over 75 hours in total, one of the largest scientific resources in the Romanian language. Moreover, we visited 150 schools across the country, including rural areas, providing an opportunity for students to meet scientists online. Space-related topics are a key focus of the science festival as they are not included in the Romanian school curriculum. That is why the resources in the form of the expertise and career orientation offered by our mentors are so valuable to the students. The topics we address include Astronomy (asteroids, black holes, extrasolar planets, etc.), Space Exploration, Satellite Design and Earth Observations. In 2021 and 2022 we organised the ‘Space month’ during which thousands of students had the opportunity to discover careers in space, participate in competitions, meet the only Romanian astronaut, Dumitru Prunariu, in celebrations of 40 years’ of his space flight and a former NASA director of Astrophysics. Through mentorship, students discover opportunities to study and do research in astronomy. All these activities expose the public to the latest discoveries in the field, thus highlighting the importance of investing in fundamental research. This is just the beginning. The Romanian Science Festival story will continue because our team is determined to create a systemic impact in education. We will continue to add new chapters, stimulating the curiosity and imagination of people fascinated by science and space.
A 3-axis stabilisation platform to improve experiment conditions in parabolic flights
Authors: Raman Deepa Anantha , Comesaña Cuervo Bruno , Jurcáková Viktória , Busom Vidal Arnau , Crouzet Estelle , Eritja Olivella Antoni , Gracia García-Lisbon Juan , Kjellman Rebecka , Suomela Minka , Kuhn Thomas , Laufer René , Persson Olle
Published: July 2022

There are different ways of providing free-fall conditions on Earth in order to test a component, perform an experiment or demonstrate equipment before it can be included in a space mission. One of these options is a parabolic flight: briefly, the aircraft flies on a parabolic trajectory with the on-board payload experiencing several seconds of weightlessness. These flights have been performed since the 1950s to simulate space conditions for experiments as well as astronaut training. The project objective is to develop a cubical platform to perform 3-axis attitude stabilisation for experiments during the microgravity phase of a parabolic flight. The goal is to stabilise the platform and thus reduce perturbations and vibrations that diminish the quality of the microgravity achieved. To do so the attitude control system, composed of three reaction wheels in orthogonal configuration, will counterbalance the disturbances measured by the attitude determination system, an inertial measurement unit. The platform will be tested using a small aircraft in a self-organised flight campaign. Comprising nine students, this project is currently in the preliminary design phase. However, the prototyping and testing of the platform structure has already been initiated using a small-scale design and several hardware components have been ordered. The platform will be printed using additive manufacturing due to the numerous benefits of this process. The component integration is expected to be completad in time in order to facilitate the laboratory testing of the various subsystems before the flight campaign in May 2022. After the flight campaign, the collected data will be analysed, processed and published to ensure that it is accessible to the scientific community.
Mechanical design and deployment of a quasi-rhombic pyramid drag sail for safe de-orbit of a 3U CubeSat
Authors: MacAskill Gregor , Messina Stefano , Serrano Martín-Sacristán Ignacio
Published: July 2022

Orbital debris is rapidly becoming a more prevalent and alarming obstacle that, without immediate intervention, will undoubtedly become disastrous for human activity in space. The University of Glasgow’s microsatellite society, GU Orbit, has taken action to equip its 3U CubeSat ASTRAEUS-01 with a drag sail de-orbit device. This payload represents a simple and low-cost solution for the mitigation of debris in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) and is expected de- orbit the CubeSat within 12 to 24 months, depending on solar activity. These aspects are deemed fundamental for the mission and align with GU Orbit’s ethics of promoting space sustainability and accessibility. As a student society, the aim of this research is to demonstrate the viability of a drag sail technology in the absence of large monetary investment.a In this article, the studies on the structure, material and Hold-Down and Release Mechanism (HDRM) of the drag sail system are evaluated and briefly discussed. The discussion starts by illustrating the 7m2 quasi-rhombic drag sail that will deploy to increase the satellite's atmospheric drag and allow the spacecraft to lose altitude and re-enter the atmosphere. Various aspects of the geometry and folding technique used to fit the drag sail on the CubeSat are analysed. Phenomena of material degradation such as thermal and oxygen degradation have been accounted for in the design to mitigate their effect over the duration of the mission. Tape spring booms coiled around a spool will release the drag sail from its folded state maintained throughout the mission. These have been dimensioned through a mathematical model in order to provide optimum deployment dynamics for the drag sail. The paper describes also how a simple and economic nichrome burn-wire HDRM has been integrated with the drag sail design to trigger the release sequence of the cover doors and the drag sail itself.
OSCAR-QUBE: student made diamond based quantum magnetic field sensor for space applications
Authors: Carmans Boo , Achten Siemen , Aydogan Musa , Bammens Sam , Beerden Yarne , Hendrikx Dries , Gorissen Jeffrey , Köseoglu Teoman , Mannaerts Jens , Vandebosch Remy , Vandervoort Siemen , Vanspauwen Sebastiaan , Nesladek Milos , Hruby Jaroslav
Published: July 2022

Project OSCAR-QUBE (Optical Sensors Based on CARbon materials - QUantum BElgium) is a project from Hasselt University and research institute IMO-IMOMEC that brings together the fields of quantum physics and space exploration. To reach this goal, an interdisciplinary team of physics, electronics engineering and software engineering students created a quantum magnetometer based on nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond in the framework of the Orbit-Your-Thesis! programme from ESA Education. In a single year, our team experienced the full lifecycle of a real space experiment from concept and design, to development and testing, to the launch and commissioning onboard the ISS. The resulting sensor is fully functional, with a resolution of < 300 nT/ sqrt(Hz), and has been gathering data in Low Earth Orbit for over six months at this point. From this data, maps of Earth’s magnetic field have been generated and show resemblance to onboard reference data. Currently, both the NV and reference sensor measure a different magnetic field than the one predicted by the International Geomagnetic Reference Field. The reason for this discrepancy is still under investigation. Besides the technological goal of developing a quantum sensor for space magnetometry with a high sensitivity and a wide dynamic range, and the scientific goal of characterizing the magnetic field of the Earth, OSCAR-QUBE also drives student growth. Several of our team members are now (aspiring) ESA Young Graduate Trainees or PhD students in quantum research, and all of us took part in the team competition of the International Astronautical Congress in October 2021, where we won the Hans Von Muldau award. Being an interdisciplinary team, we brought many different skills and viewpoints together, inspiring innovative ideas. However, this could only be done because of our efforts to keep up a good communication and team spirit. We believe that if motivated people work hard to improve the technology, we can change the way magnetometry is done in space.
STAR-XL: student transponder for satellite Ranging on X & L-band
Authors: Bridges C. P.
Published: July 2022

The ESA ESEO Mission [1] included an amateur radio payload [2]. The results of which included the development of radio technologies that utilised final year student projects over a 5 year period. Many lessons regarding compliance and process enabled a new payload to follow: the Student Ranging Transponder Radio for X-band and L-band (or STAR-XL). The STAR-XL design leverages key aspects of the ESEO payload design for a generic CubeSat platform; including TT&C voltage and current sense circuitry, receiver circuitry, and flight software. But instead of a maximum 4800 bps telemetry and transponder system - the STAR- XL targets a 100 kHz bandwidth system that will allow faster downlink rates that are forward error correction, link margin and modulation order dependent. With 100 kHz bandwidth, the linear receiver is designed to also operate as a transponder - enabling ranging and navigation applications such as orbit determination and further experiments from amateur radio groundstations. This paper details the recent student project efforts in three key areas: a new STM32-based on-board computer, an X-band up-converter board and dual X/L band patch (as shown in Fig. 1). The new OBC includes an IQ modulator for transmitting complex waveforms and an optimised flight software suite that takes advantage of dual DMA hardware on-chip to reduce overheads. The X-band upconverter board required the development of new safety interlock and RF chain circuitry on a Rogers (RO4350B) PCB material. A new dual X/L-band patch antenna and filter circuit is also built and measured. Each of these projects has led to new lessons and increased the real-world case studies used to teach spacecraft avionics.
SGAC global satellite tracking initiative
Authors: Sors Raurell Daniel , González Llamazares Laura , Tabasco Vargas Sergio , Baudet Lucille
Published: July 2022

The Global Satellite Tracking Initiative aims to support international students and young professionals to set up ground stations to download real-time data and images from satellites orbiting above their regions. The objective is to empower and build capabilities among space enthusiasts around the world and to promote the space sector through hands-on activities and real space technologies related to satellite communications. The Space Generation Advisory Council, together with SatNOGS as an integral part of the Libre Space Foundation, have been supporting the initiative to enhance the development of a global open source network of satellite ground stations. The initiative will be providing all the resources, hardware, and know-how that is needed to set up ground stations. A competition was launched by the end of 2021 to select teams of space enthusiasts and supply them with a kit and step-by-step instructions on how to build their own ground stations. By setting up ground stations in backyards, local universities, or maker clubs, teams are not only self-learning about telecommunications and satellite technologies, but they are creating a meaningful impact in their local communities by bringing the broad society closer to science, technology, engineering, mathematics and, in particular, space. The initiative also intends to support space missions while engaging local communities from different regions around the world in the space sector through appealing imagery and tools. After closing the Call for Applications in this pilot initiative, 10 winning teams were selected upon receiving almost 200 applications from more than 60 countries. The selected winners are based in the following emerging space faring nations: Benin, Bolivia, Egypt, Ethiopia, Nepal, Peru, Philippines, Rwanda, Vietnam, and Zimbabwe. They are being supplied with a basic Ground Station Kit and instructions on how to receive live images and data from different space missions, starting with the following frequency bands: - 137 megahertz: To receive images from National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration satellites. - 144-146 megahertz: To receive images and data from the International Space Station. - 440 megahertz: To receive data from numerous scientific and educational small satellites. Those teams that manage to set up the basic ground station kits and conduct some outreach and educational activities will receive a more advanced system. This paper captures the process to be followed by the selected teams, from the unboxing of the hardware to the reception and processing of data from operational space missions.
Revalorando el barrio informal de la Indepe en Monterrey, México
Authors: Garza Andonie Cecilia
Published: July 2022

La Colonia Independencia en Monterrey, México, localmente conocida como la Indepe, es un barrio informal que ha visto inmerso en el crecimiento descontrolado de la urbe. Con sus orígenes desde la colonización española, el Río Santa Catarina y el cuerpo montañoso de la Loma Larga dividen la ciudad en distintas instancias. Se pronuncian como bordes, fragmentando las tramas urbanas y sociedades segregadas con realidades económicas opuestas.La investigación se logró mediante dos fases: la primera de una revisión teórica y la segunda de investigación en campo. Se identifican dos intersticios como oportunidad de hilar los distintos fragmentos urbanos de reticular, a informal, a lineal en relación al territorio. El trabajo es producto de una tesina, y sus resultados se dirigen a los ayuntamientos de San Pedro Garza García y Monterrey ante la latente falta de inclusión y valorización de la Colonia Independencia en la metrópoli capitalina.

Colonia Independencia in Monterrey, Mexico, locally known as the Indepe, is an informal neighborhood that has been immersed in the uncontrolled growth of the city. With its origins since the Spanish colonization, the Santa Catarina River and the mountainous body of the Loma Larga divide the city into different instances. They pronounce themselves like edges, fragmenting the urban plots and segregating societies with opposite economic realities. The research was achieved through two phases: the first of a theoretical analysis and the second of in-field research. Two interstices are identified as an opportunity to link together the different urban fragments of reticular, to informal, to linear in relation to the territory. The work is the product of a dissertation, and its results are directed to the municipalities of San Pedro Garza García and Monterrey before the latent lack of inclusion and valorization of Colonia Independencia in the capital city.
Lycosa Latreille, 1804 (Araneae, Lycosidae) of Israel, with a note on Geolycosa Montgomery, 1904
Authors: Armiach Steinpress Igor , Cohen Mira , Pétillon Julien , Chipman Ariel D. , Gavish-Regev Efrat
Published: July 2022

Lycosa (Araneae, Lycosidae) is a wolf spider genus typical of subtropical latitudes in the western Palearctic. Despite being erected over 200 years ago, the taxonomy of Lycosa is still unclear. Many species formerly ascribed to it are currently being moved to other genera, while new species are still being described. The species of Lycosa of the western Mediterranean basin are relatively well known, yet the Levantine region, the easternmost part of the Mediterranean basin, has not received much attention since the early 20th century. Here, we study Lycosa from the southern Levant using morphological, molecular and behavioral characteristics, to delimit the species found in this region. We describe two new species: L. hyraculus sp. nov. and L. gesserit sp. nov. We re-describe the widespread and polymorphic species, Lycosa piochardi Simon, 1876. Lycosa piochardi infraclara Strand, 1913 is synonymized with Lycosa piochardi. By adding novel data to the molecular phylogeny of Lycosa created by Planas et al. (2013) and re-analyzing it, we explore the relationship of the Levantine species to other Mediterranean species of Lycosa. We discuss habitat preferences of the two species of Lycosa. Additionally, we report the burrowing species Geolycosa vultuosa (C.L. Koch, 1838) as a new record to Israel, thus extending the distribution of this species and genus into the Levant.
Das premissas metodológicas e conceituais da ética furtadiana aos desafios morais de um projeto estruturalista
Authors: Martins Alexandre Lyra
Published: July 2022

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo esboçar a concepção ética subjacente à tese estruturalista de Celso Furtado, a partir de suas premissas metodológicas e conceituais, para delinear os parâmetros e desafios morais de um projeto político-econômico inspirado em suas ideias. O estudo mostrou que, como adepto da tradição da economia política clássica, Furtado se alinha à ética smithiana, mas com a introdução do marco conceitual do subdesenvolvimento periférico, vem a recomposição dos princípios éticos que norteiam sua obra e a proposta de repactuação social em torno do desenvolvimento das periferias econômicas.
A journey through interprofessional education: Students’ perspectives of teamwork in a transforming curriculum
Authors: Hendricks A , Hartman N , Olckers L
Published: July 2022

Background. Student engagement in curricular transformation is topical at the University of Cape Town (UCT), including in its Faculty of Health Sciences (FHS). Teamwork, which is essential to contemporary interprofessional healthcare, is an objective of transformative health sciences education. This study offers a contemporary contribution from the perspective of students to earlier work on shared learning at UCT FHS. 

Objectives. There is a paucity of research literature on this study’s target population. Therefore, a qualitative design was used to explore first-year health sciences students’ perceptions and experiences of teamwork within an undergraduate shared learning programme. 

Methods. The primary data collection method was focus group discussion. Two additional qualitative methods, free-listing and pile-sorting, were used to expand upon data collected in the focus groups. Results were analysed thematically. 

Results. The study sample (N=32) included first-year audiology, medical, occupational therapy, physiotherapy, and speech and language pathology students. The findings revealed that although their experiences of teamwork varied, students had a comprehensive perception of what teamwork entailed in their educational context. Therefore, the findings were used to generate a heuristic for teamwork learning for undergraduate health sciences students. 

Conclusion. The study positions students to contribute tangibly to the curricular transformation process at their university. Students’ perspectives of teamwork may be useful in the future design and delivery of entry-level interprofessional courses aiming to instil teamwork skills.
The birth of an association: Creating African leaders in health professions education
Authors: Cordier W , Dreyer A , Keiller L , Manning D , Nyoni C N , Van Wyk J , Wolvaardt J E
Published: July 2022

-
Utilidad, reputación online e intención de uso de cuatro plataformas de economía colaborativa. Modelo de análisis multivariante (anova) Alojarse, viajar, comer y experimentar. Comparación de Airbnb, Blablacar, Eatwith y Trip4Real
Authors: Berbel Giménez Gaspar , Reyes-Gómez Juan David , Fondevilla-Gascón Joan Francesc
Published: July 2022

La economía colaborativa relacionada con el transporte de personas, el alojamiento, la comida y la vivencia de experiencias muestra gran relevancia en el sector del turismo. El objetivo de esta investigación es valorar cuatro plataformas de economía colaborativa (Airbnb, Blablacar, Eatwith y Trip4Real) en base a la valor de uso, la confianza, la utilidad de leer y hacer comentarios, e intención de uso y de recomendar. En la valoración de las plataformas se analiza la influencia del sexo, la edad y la forma en que los participantes del estudio acceden a las plataformas. Metodológicamente, se aplica un modelo de análisis de variancia multivariado, manova, en un diseño factorial 2x2x2x4 (Generación x Grupo x Sexo x Plataforma) para analizar los efectos principales y las interacciones entre factores. El tipo de muestreo es no probabilístico, intencional, basado en cuotas de edad y sexo. La muestra final fue de 222 participantes (n = 222). La plataforma Trip4Real, relacionada con el turismo experiencial, es la que despierta el mayor grado de interés en los participantes del estudio. El factor con más influencia sobre las distintas valoraciones ha sido el Grupo, corroborando la importancia de acercarse a los distintos servicios analizados de la economía colaborativa desde una perspectiva real o necesidad creada. Por otra parte, los jóvenes o millennials son más receptivos, muestran más confianza ante las plataformas presentadas y perciben más útiles los comentarios online emitidos.
Mercados sociales e intercooperación en la Economía Social y Solidaria como vía para recuperar soberanías: el caso del Mercado Social de Euskadi
Authors: Arrillaga Márquez Pablo , Etxezarreta Etxarri Enekoitz
Published: July 2022

En los últimos años la Economía Social y Solidaria ha encontrado en los mercados sociales una estrategia para su crecimiento y fortalecimiento. Los mercados sociales, entendidos como espacios donde aglutinar agentes, experiencias, recursos y aprendizajes en torno a unas relaciones de producción, distribución, financiación y consumo basadas en la justicia social y ambiental, la reciprocidad y la ayuda mutua, son, además, experiencias que permiten democratizar y acercar a la ciudadanía el control de los procesos productivos que se articulan en torno a ellos. En este artículo se parte de la hipótesis de que el clima para la intercooperación que estos espacios facilitan, permite avanzar, a su vez, en la recuperación de soberanías sectoriales en manos de la ciudadanía. Para ello, se han tomado como referencia algunas experiencias destacables del Mercado Social de Euskadi en las que, mediante la intercooperación entre varias entidades, se ha podido avanzar en torno a la soberanía alimentaria, energética y financiera.