bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Associations of dietary patterns with brain health from behavioral, neuroimaging, biochemical and genetic analyses
Authors: Zhang Ruohan , Zhang Bei , Shen Chun , Sahakian Barbara J. , Li Zeyu , Zhang Wei , Zhao Yujie , Li Yuzhu , Feng Jianfeng , Cheng Wei
Published: April 2024

Food preferences significantly influence dietary choices, yet understanding natural dietary patterns in populations remains limited. Here we identifiy four dietary subtypes by applying data-driven approaches to food-liking data from 181,990 UK Biobank participants: ‘starch-free or reduced-starch’ (subtype 1), ‘vegetarian’ (subtype 2), ‘high protein and low fiber’ (subtype 3) and ‘balanced’ (subtype 4). These subtypes varied in diverse brain health domains. The individuals with a balanced diet demonstrated better mental health and superior cognitive functions relative to other three subtypes. Compared with subtype 4, subtype 3 displayed lower gray matter volumes in regions such as the postcentral gyrus, while subtype 2 showed higher volumes in thalamus and precuneus. Genome-wide association analyses identified 16 genes different between subtype 3 and subtype 4, enriched in biological processes related to mental health and cognition. These findings provide new insights into naturally developed dietary patterns, highlighting the importance of a balanced diet for brain health.
Whole-brain dynamics across the menstrual cycle: the role of hormonal fluctuations and age in healthy women
Authors: Avila-Varela Daniela S. , Hidalgo-Lopez Esmeralda , Dagnino Paulina Clara , Acero-Pousa Irene , del Agua Elvira , Deco Gustavo , Pletzer Belinda , Escrichs Anira
Published: April 2024

Recent neuroimaging research suggests that female sex hormone fluctuations modulate brain activity. Nevertheless, how brain network dynamics change across the female menstrual cycle remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated the dynamical complexity underlying three menstrual cycle phases (i.e., early follicular, pre-ovulatory, and mid-luteal) in 60 healthy naturally-cycling women scanned using resting-state fMRI. Our results revealed that the pre-ovulatory phase exhibited the highest dynamical complexity (variability over time) across the whole-brain functional network compared to the early follicular and mid-luteal phases, while the early follicular showed the lowest. Furthermore, we found that large-scale resting-state networks reconfigure along menstrual cycle phases. Multilevel mixed-effects models revealed age-related changes in the whole-brain, control, and dorsal attention networks, while estradiol and progesterone influenced the whole-brain, DMN, limbic, dorsal attention, somatomotor, and subcortical networks. Overall, these findings evidence that age and ovarian hormones modulate brain network dynamics along the menstrual cycle.
Nondestructive, longitudinal, 3D oxygen imaging of cells in a multi-well plate using pulse electron paramagnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Hameed Safa , Viswakarma Navin , Babakhanova Greta , Simon Carl G. , Epel Boris , Kotecha Mrignayani
Published: April 2024

The use of oxygen by cells is an essential aspect of cell metabolism and a reliable indicator of viable and functional cells. Here, we report partial pressure oxygen (pO2) mapping of live cells as a reliable indicator of viable and metabolically active cells. For pO2 imaging, we utilized trityl OX071-based pulse electron paramagnetic resonance oxygen imaging (EPROI), in combination with a 25 mT EPROI instrument, JIVA-25™, that provides 3D oxygen maps with high spatial, temporal, and pO2 resolution. To perform oxygen imaging in an environment-controlled apparatus, we developed a novel multi-well-plate incubator-resonator (MWIR) system that could accommodate 3 strips from a 96-well strip-well plate and image the middle 12 wells noninvasively and simultaneously. The MWIR system was able to keep a controlled environment (temperature at 37 °C, relative humidity between 70%–100%, and a controlled gas flow) during oxygen imaging and could keep cells alive for up to 24 h of measurement, providing a rare previously unseen longitudinal perspective of 3D cell metabolic activities. The robustness of MWIR was tested using an adherent cell line (HEK-293 cells), a nonadherent cell line (Jurkat cells), a cell-biomaterial construct (Jurkat cells seeded in a hydrogel), and a negative control (dead HEK-293 cells). For the first time, we demonstrated that oxygen concentration in a multi-well plate seeded with live cells reduces exponentially with the increase in cell seeding density, even if the cells are exposed to incubator-like gas conditions. For the first time, we demonstrate that 3D, longitudinal oxygen imaging can be used to assess cells seeded in a hydrogel. These results demonstrate that MWIR-based EPROI is a versatile and robust method that can be utilized to observe the cell metabolic activity nondestructively, longitudinally, and in 3D. This approach may be useful for characterizing cell therapies, tissue-engineered medical products, and other advanced therapeutics.
A planar electronic acceptor motif contributing to NIR-II AIEgen with combined imaging and therapeutic applications
Authors: Chen Ming , Zhang Zhijun , Lin Runfeng , Liu Junkai , Xie Meizhu , He Xiang , Zheng Canze , Kang Miaomiao , Li Xue , Feng Hai-Tao , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Wang Dong , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: April 2024

We propose a pyrazine-based planar electronic acceptor with strong electron affinity which can be further utilized to design NIR-II fluorescence dyes with combined imaging and therapeutic applications.
Layer-by-layer assembly of homopolypeptide polyelectrolytes on asymmetric nanochannels for the detection of nickel ions
Authors: An Pengrong , Yang Jincan , Wang Tianming , Lu Saiwen , Wang Dehao , Wang Zhuoyue , Sun Chun-Lin , Qin Chuanguang , Li Jun
Published: April 2024

We report PA-γ-PGA-modified asymmetric nanochannels that enable ultra-sensitive detection of Ni2+ (limit of detection is 1 × 10−8 M).
Nanostructure-based orbital angular momentum encryption and multiplexing
Authors: Ouyang Xu , Du Kang , Zeng Yixuan , Song Qinghai , Xiao Shumin
Published: April 2024

This review focuses on the study of encryption, multiplexing and demultiplexing of vortex beams based on nanostructure platforms.
Semi‐flooded cooling for high torque density modular permanent magnet machines
Authors: Zhang W. , Li G. J. , Zhu Z. Q. , Ren B. , Chong Y. C.
Published: April 2024

The authors investigate a semi‐flooded cooling technology for modular permanent magnet machines using flux gaps (FGs) in alternate stator teeth for extra cooling channels. The investigated machine is separated into stationary and rotational components by a polyether ether ketone sleeve. Liquid is directed into the stationary component to achieve a significant temperature reduction, at the same time, avoiding the liquid leakage into the rotating component that will cause an increase in friction losses. The FGs in the modular machine increase the contact area between coolant and machine components, resulting in better cooling efficiency. Furthermore, the FGs contribute to reduced pressure loss by minimising system flow resistance. The influence of the FG width on improving machine cooling efficiency, lowering machine temperature, and reducing pressure losses is delved. Additionally, the investigation considers the impact of inlet and outlet areas to reveal the influences stemming from fluid expansions and contractions in these regions. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling is employed to simulate the cooling performances of the investigated machines. In addition, the flow network analysis has also been employed to help understand the fluid behaviour within machines. A series of tests have been carried out to validate the CFD modelling.
A comprehensive framework for predicting electric vehicle's participation in ancillary service markets
Authors: Jahromi Saeed Naghdizadegan , Abdollahi Amir , Heydarian‐Forushani Ehsan , Shafiee Mehdi
Published: April 2024

Electric vehicles (EVs) have significant potential to offer unused capacity in ancillary service markets, providing unique opportunities for market operators to utilise these resources. EVs have a rapid response and high availability, making them a good fit for the frequency containment reserve (FCR) market. However, EV aggregators (EVAGs) must aggregate capacity blocks due to the limited capacity of individual EVs. An application of a supervised machine learning method named XGBoost is suggested to help EVAGs predict the amount of EV participation in the FCR market. The objective is to forecast yearly involvement using data from only a single week, using the game theory method SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) to minimise extra data. The proposed strategy helps aggregators and uses feature engineering to select EVs with high potential to boost revenue. The proposed framework is effective in predicting EV performance in the DK‐2 market, as shown by multiple analyses.
Amino acid biosynthetic and antioxidant activity of Brevibacterium sp. InaCC B46 using glucose substrate produced by saccharification of oil palm trunk biomass
Authors: Riftyan Emma , Yusmarini Yusmarini , Fitriani Shanti , Pato Usman , Rossi Evy , Nadapdap Novianti Monica
Published: April 2024

Brevibacterium sp. is commercially essential due to its production of amino acids, particularly glutamic acid and lysine. This work investigates the effect of Brevibacterium sp. concentration on L-amino acid synthesis from glucose hydrolysed from oil palm trunk biomass as a substrate. The study employed a two-factorial, completely randomised experimental design. Factor A consisted of concentrations of Brevibacterium sp. (1%, 3%, and 5%), while factor B was incubation duration (24 and 48 hours). The study measured the concentrations of four amino acids (alanine, glycine, tyrosine, and glutamic acid) using the colourimetric ninhydrin reaction. Additionally, the viability and antioxidant activity of Brevibacterium sp. during incubation time was measured with spectrophotometry (UV-VIS). The results indicate no significant interaction between factors (P>0.05) but a significant effect (P<0.05) depending on the concentration and incubation time of Brevibacterium sp. InaCCB46 for all parameters. The study found that the biosynthesis of amino acids was most efficient with a 5% concentration of bacteria during 24-hour incubation, resulting in the highest output of alanine, glycine, tyrosine, and glutamic acid at 6.46, 4.58, 6.16, and 6.67 µg/mL, respectively. However, it should be noted that bacterial viability was higher after 24 hours of incubation, ranging from 144.18–216.99% and had strong antioxidant activity at 22.43 ppm.
Production of crude enzyme from Trichoderma sp.
Authors: Dimawarnita Firda , Andhayu Gendis Salsa , Faramitha Yora , Mufidah Elya
Published: April 2024

Cellulose enzymes can degrade and hydrolyze the β-1,4 glycosidic bond in cellulose, resulting in various products, including glucose. This study aimed to find a species of Trichoderma and determine the optimal growth day for producing cellulase enzymes with the highest activity. Trichoderma is a fungus that can produce cellulase enzymes. The study was conducted to test the cellulase enzyme activity produced by a specific species of Trichoderma to identify the species with the highest activity level. A Trichoderma species that can increase and have the best activity in producing cellulase enzymes is required. The stages of cellulase enzyme production include mycelium growth on PDA media, enzyme sampling, activity testing using the 3,5-Dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method, and absorbance testing using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Based on the results of the production and activity testing of crude cellulase enzyme from Trichoderma selection at the Palm Oil Research Center, Bogor Unit, it was found that Trichoderma polysporum on day 3 of growth had the highest activity of 0.0583 U/mL.
The chemical, sensory properties and population of lactic acid bacteria of cangkuk made from beef meat and kepayang endosperm (Pangium edule Reinw) at various fermentation times
Authors: Mirdhayati Irdha , Aprilla Felia , Rahmadani Rizki , Febrina Dewi , Irawati Evi , Saleh Eniza , Juliantoni Jepri , Adelina Triani
Published: April 2024

Cangkuk is a traditional fermented beef from Indonesia, especially Riau Province, as a specific food where the processing varies according to the ingredients, formulation, and incubation times. Kepayang endosperm is one of the materials used which contain organic acids, tannins, and polyphenol. However, research on beef fermented with addition of kepayang endosperm is still rare. This research was carried out to study the effect of fermentation times to fermented beef in terms of chemical properties, sensory test, and the population of lactic acid bacteria (Lab). A completely randomized design was performed with fermentation time as a treatment, namely: 0 day, 7 days, 14 days, 21 days, and 28 days. Data were analyzed statistically by analysis of variance. The result showed that the fermentation times up to 28 days have no significant effect to nutritional content, and populations of Lab, but significantly increased sensory properties (color, aroma, texture and taste) and could decreased the pH, total titratable acidity (TTA) and panelist acceptance. It can be concluded that fermentation time up to 28 days in processing of fermented beef could maintain nutritional content, populations of Lab, decrease pH, TTA and have good sensory properties.
Development of egg yolk powder using a small-scale double drum dryer: Influence of steam pressure on physical properties
Authors: Setiyawan Ridwan , Al-Amin Gerhan , Hidayat Dadang D. , Rahayuningtyas Ari , Sagita Diang , Desnilasari Dewi , Ardiansyah Raden C.E. , Ratnawati Lia , Furqon Maulana , Hoesen Yanyan Ahmad , Gandara Dadang , Darniadi Sandi
Published: April 2024

Egg yolk powder is a versatile and widely used food ingredient. Double drum dryers have been widely used in the food industry for many years, but no report was found that utilize drum dryer to produce powdered eggs. This study aimed to investigate double drum drying process conditions, especially steam pressures which consisted of three different conditions: 2.5, 3, and 3.5 bar with drum rotation of 2 revolutions per minute (rpm) to produce chicken egg yolk powder. Once egg yolk powder resulted, the products were evaluated in terms of yield, moisture content (MC), water activity (aw), bulk densities (ρB) and tapped densities (ρT), and color (L*/a*/b* coordinates). Results showed that steam pressures affected several parameters including yield, MC, aw and color properties of egg yolk powder but did not affect ρB and ρT. The egg yolk powder yielded was in range of 48–52%. MC and aw of egg yolk powder were in a range of 3.6– 5.1% and 0.38–0.43, respectively. In terms of density, the egg yolk powders had 0.40-0.43 g/cm3 and 0.46-0.48 g/cm3, for ρB and ρT, respectively. Regarding color, egg yolk powder was medium bright (59–62), less red (5–6), and yellowish (26-28). The double drum dryer is a promising technology for producing chicken egg yolk powder and prolonging its shelf life.
Reactivation of used bentonite (Spent Bleaching Earth) and its reuse as adsorbent for CPO (Crude Palm Oil) bleaching process
Authors: Latisya Silva , Indrasti Nastiti Siswi , Muslich
Published: April 2024

Used bentonite or spent bleaching earth (SBE) is one of agro-industrial solid wastes in palm oil bleaching process. SBE has potential to be reactivated and reuse as adsorbent of crude palm oil (CPO). Reusing reactivated SBE is an effort to utilize waste so that it can increase added value while also preventing environmental damage due to waste accumulation. This study aimed to determine the effect of repeated use of reactivated SBE as adsorbent in the CPO bleaching process. The research methods consisted of 4 stages: characterization, reactivation of SBE and CPO bleaching process, then analysis of bleached oil, and cost analysis of the process. This study used two different types of SBE whose oil content had previously been recovered. Repetitive use of both SBE samples affected the quality of bleached oil. Maximum repetitive use that could be received by using SBE samples A was at fourth level and B was at the second level. Costs analysis of reactivation and two times repeated use of SBE was higher than fresh bleaching earth (FBE) purchase with equivalent amount for bleaching process. However, reactivation and reuse of SBE could increase the added value of the waste and prevent negative impacts on the environment.
Marshmallow characteristics from mackerel fish bone gelatin with the addition of calamansy orange extract and sucrose
Authors: Hutabarat Willy Christon , Susanti Laili , Anis Ulfah
Published: April 2024

Mackerel is a marine fish whose meat is widely used in making processed food products such as pempek, crackers, dumplings, and otak-otak. In making this product, there is still residual waste in the form of bones, tails, and fish heads that have yet to be utilized. Fishbone waste can be used as an ingredient for making gelatin. Gelatin can be used as a raw material for making marshmallows. Marshmallows produced from mackerel bone gelatin have a fishy aroma. The effort made to reduce the fishy smell is by adding calamansy orange. Apart from that, add sucrose to lessen the sour taste of kalamansi oranges. This research aimed to determine the effect of adding calamansy orange extract and sucrose on the physical, chemical, and organoleptic properties of the marshmallows produced. The experimental design used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two factors, namely the addition of calamansy orange extract (13%, 15%, and 17%) and the addition of sucrose (30%, 35%). The research results showed that adding calamansy orange extract and sucrose naturally affected water content, texture, ash content, vitamin C content, pH, taste, texture, aroma, and overal.
Field screening for blast resistance gene donors, among rice mutant lines of Mira-1
Authors: Aryanti  , Supriatna Nana , Heryani Rika , Ishak
Published: April 2024

Rice blast disease, caused by Pyricularia grisea was one of the most destructive fungal diseases in rice worldwide. Therefore, resistance breeding requires continuous efforts to enrich the reservoir of resistance rice lines to effectively tackle the disease. Mutation induction of the Mira-1 rice variety by gamma rays has been conducted, and M6 generation of rice mutant lines was used for this experiment. The rice mutant lines were selected from a total 112 number of rice mutant lines and it had been planted at Cikembar, Sukabumi Village. Cikembar is a hot spot area of blast disease which was used by researchers for the identification of rice lines resistant to blast, and plants were naturally infected. Disease progress was recorded as leaf and neck blast from 0 to 9 ( highly resistant to highly susceptible ). The results showed that disease severity was significantly different in the rice mutant lines studied and it was consistent and not affected by the plant arrangement in the field. Five rice mutant lines showed high resistance to blast disease, and it found 25 numbers of rice mutant lines scored 1 or resistant to blast disease, meanwhile, their wild type of Mira-1 rice variety showed susceptibility to leaf blast and neck blast diseases respectively. The agronomic traits of rice mutant lines were better than their wild type of Mira-1 rice variety. It was found that Mi-37, Mi-77, the Mi-82 rice mutant lines were the best lines for the gene donors of rice-resistant mutant line.
Distribution and level of damage by basal stem rot disease (Fusarium oxysporum f sp cepae) on shallots in West Sumatera
Authors: Resti Zurai , Darnetty  , Khairul Ujang , Liswarni Yenny , Siregar Sri Lestari Kurnia , Tores Farah Nabila
Published: April 2024

Basal stem rot disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f sp cepae is an important disease in shallots and causes yield losses to 50%. This study aims to determine the distribution of the disease and calculate the level of damage by disease on shallots in West Sumatra. The study used a survey method with sample areas in three districts with shallot production center. In each district, the seven sub-districts with the highest shallot cultivation area were selected. Sampling was taken in each sub-district using a purpose random sampling method, with the criteria being that there were symptoms of the disease, and the plants were 1 – 2 months old. Observations were made of the symptoms, the incidence and severity of the disease. The results showed that basal stem rot disease was found in three shallots center areas in West Sumatra, namely Solok, Agam and Tanah Datar districts with disease incidence ranging from 1.02 % – 42.89 % and disease severity of 19.20 % – 35%. Based on macroscopic and microscopic identification, the pathogen that causes BSR disease is Fusarium Oxysporum.
Consortium solid formula of bacillus spp. to control bacterial wilt on chili plants
Authors: Yanti Yulmira , Hamid Hasmiandy , Nurbailis  , Yaherwandi  , Khairul Ujang , Martinius  , Suhendra Dede
Published: April 2024

Due to its high economic worth and ability to be consumed in both fresh and processed forms, chili (Capsicum annum L.) is a fruit that is frequently used as a vegetable. Pests and plant diseases, such as bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia syzygii subsp. Indonesiensis, are the causes of reduced chili productivity. Plants will eventually perish as a result of symptoms like withering of the leaf tips that eventually spread to the undersides of the leaves. The lower vascular tissue and roots of the affected chili plants appear brown. Bacterial wilt is an important disease of chili caused by Ralstonia syzigii subsp. indonesiensis and can reduce yield by up to 90%. The research aimed to obtain the best solid formula consortium of Bacillus spp. for controlling R. syzygii subsp. indonesiensis on chili peppers. The study consists of 2 stages: 1). Production of a consortium combination of Bacillus spp. in solid waste 2). Test the ability of the consortium of Bacillus spp. in solid waste to control bacterial wilt in chili plants. The study used a completely randomized design that consisted of 19 treatments and four replications. Each treatment was introduced on chili seeds and seedlings, while the inoculation of R. syzygii subsp. indonesiensis was conducted on chili aged 35 days after planting. The results showed that the best solid formula consortium of the Bacillus spp. for controlling bacterial wilt (R. syzigii subsp. indonesiensis) on chili plants is the Bran + Bagasse formula for four weeks of storage.
Test concentrations of Riau local rice field isolate entomophatogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae toward mortality brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens stal.) in the laboratory
Authors: Fauzana Hafiz , Destari Irfa
Published: April 2024

The brown planthopper (BPH) (Nilaparvata lugens Stal.) is main pest of rice plants and cause hopperburn and viruses vector. The BPH control uses an entomopathogenic fungus is Riau local rice field isolate Metarhizium anisopliae. This isolate was obtained from rice plants in Kampar, Riau. The research was aimed to get the best concentration and the right concentration in killing the BPH. Research was conducted at Laboratory of Plant Pests, Faculty of Agriculture, Riau University from June to April 2023. The research was conducted experimentally using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 6 treatments and 4 replications. The treatment was concentration of 0, 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80 g.l-1 aquades to obtain 24 experimental units. The parameters for observation were initial time of death, lethal time 50%, lethal concentrations of 50 and 95, daily mortality and total mortality. The results research shows concentration of 40 g.l-1 aquades (0.90 x 106 kon.ml-1) was the best concentration cause a total mortality of 72.50 ± 9.57%, the initial time of death 163.50 ± 6.45 hours after application and lethal time of 50 206.25 ± 9.77 hours after application. The right concentration in killing 50% and 95% of BPHs was 2.11% and 10.45%..
Study on the vertical distribution of carbon and ash content and its relationship with ombrogenous peat depth
Authors: Nasrul Besri , Puspitasari Devi Juliana , Umami Irwin Mirza , Idwar  , Silvina Fetmi , Lubis Nursiani , Hamzah Anthony , Yusa Muhammad , Nurhayati
Published: April 2024

Peatlands have unique characteristics that are largely determined by the peat thickness. Ombrogenous peat has a high carbon content and low ash content, but not many studies have reported that this relationship also occurs in deep peat domes. This study aims to identify the C-organic content and ash content and determine the pattern of their relationship with peat thickness vertically from the peat surface to the mineral layer below the peat. Peat profile observations were made using a peat drill (Eijkelkamp, Giesbeek, Netherlands) by taking 50 cm and 5.2 cm peat cores in Meskom Village, Bengkalis Regency. Soil samples were taken every 20 cm thickness for laboratory analysis. Data were analysed using simple linear regression. The results showed that the thickness of peat in the study area was classified as very deep peat. Peat thickness and carbon content have a vertical relationship, where C-organic content increases with increasing peat thickness, while peat thickness and ash content have an inverse vertical relationship, where ash content decreases with increasing peat thickness. The vertical relationship between C-organic content and ash content is inverse, where an increase in C-organic content is followed by a decrease in ash content.
Google earth engine for spatio-temporal drought monitoring in Bangkalan, Indonesia
Authors: Rahman Fahmi Arief , Suryawati Sinar , Supriyadi Slamet , Basuki
Published: April 2024

Drought occurrence in a certain area can be monitored by remote sensing through cloud-based platform of Google Earth Engine (GEE). The objective this study was to analyze spatially and temporally distribution of drought in Bangkalan Regency between 2017 to 2022 with GEE. This study employed CHIRPS and satellite images of Landsat 8 at Level 2 covering Bangkalan area from 2017 to 2022. Masking and Cloud masking had been carried out before analyzed the satellite images. Data was processed using Java scrip API algorithm in GEE to obtain rainfall, LST, NDVI, NDWI and NDDI data. Result of rainfall analysis from CHIRPS data showed that dry months from 2017 to 2022 occurred from June to October. The value of LST was between 24.75 38.87°C. Drought events in the study area from 2017 to 2022 were dominated by severe and extreme drought. The severe drought covers the area of 83.17% (2017), 57.34% (2018), 67.13% (2019), 84% (2020), 80.93% (2021), and 89.89% (2022). Meanwhile, the extreme drought wraps the area of 14.05% (2017), 40.05% (2018), 30.17% (2019), 13.15% (2020), 16.27% (2021), and 7.03% (2022). The area with severe drought was always over the one with extreme drought, and when the severe drought area increased; the extreme drought area decreased Result of this study could be employed in planning of drought mitigation and adaptation, the use of water and land resources, and public information on risks and actions for drought-affected communities.
Properties of soils on fluvio-marin landform and their land management strategy for paddy field in Bataguh swampy area, Kapuas Regency, Central Kalimantan Province, Indonesia
Authors: Gani Rachmat Abdul , Yatno Edi , Hikmat Muhammad
Published: April 2024

Tidal swamp land has strategic and prospective value in sustaining national food resiliency and reserves. This land has the potential for the development of commodity paddy fields. However, this type of tidal swamp has a unique character and influences land management. This research aims to determine soil properties on landform fluvio-marine and its potential for developing lowland rice in Bataguh District, Kapuas Regency, Central Kalimantan. A total of 4 representative soil profiles were identified and characterized in the field and laboratory. Research results show that the lands under study have fine texture. Soils in the surface layer are classified as very acidic to acidic (soil pH 3.3-4.7), has very high organic C levels (5.46-9.37%), potential P moderate (21-40 mg.100g-1), K potential low until moderate (16-21 mg.100g-1), exchangeable Ca low (2.24-3.17 cmolckg-1), exchangeable Mg medium (5.11-8.30 cmolckg-1), soil CEC medium until high (19.63-38.09 cmolckg-1), and base saturation low until high (37-63%). The depth of sulfidic materials or pyrite layer is shallow until deep within 50-85 cm. The sand mineral fraction is dominated by quartz, while the mineral fraction of clay is dominated by kaolinite, followed by vermiculite and illite. The land studied is classified as marginally suitable (S3) for the development of tidal rice fields with a limiting factor for acid to very acid soil reactions (soil pH <5). Balanced fertilization, liming, and micro water management can be done to increase the productivity of this land.
Variation in soil characteristics of ex-coal mining areas in Sawahlunto, West Sumatra
Authors: Herman Welly , Iskandar  , Budi Sri Wilarso , Pulunggono Heru Bagus , Syaputra Andri , Kurniati
Published: April 2024

Soil characteristics in ex-coal mining areas can be influenced by reclamation methods and the type and age of revegetation plants used. This reclamation can also significantly impact the soil chemistry of ex-mining areas. This research was conducted in ex-coal mining areas located in Parambahan, Batu Tanjung Village, Talawi District, Sawahlunto City, West Sumatra Province. The objective of this study is to analyze variations in the reclamation process and their effects on the chemical properties of soil in these areas. Observations were made in several plots, including land that had not been mined (natural forest), land revegetated with Acacia in the planting years of 1992, 2007, 2010 (without the use of topsoil), 2019, and 2021, and land revegetated with Sengon in 2022. In each plot, soil samples were collected at three depths: 0–5 cm, 5–10 cm, and 10–20 cm, to analyze soil chemical properties. These properties included pH, total nitrogen (N), available phosphorus (P), organic carbon (C), exchangeable base cations (K, Ca, Mg, and Na), cation exchange capacity, and exchangeable aluminum (Al). The results showed that variations in the years of revegetation and reclamation practices, such as the use of topsoil and plant types, significantly influenced soil chemical characteristics. The longer the period of revegetation, the better the improvement in the soil’s chemical properties, as indicated by changes in pH, total N, organic C, exchangeable K, Na, Ca, and Mg, cation exchange capacity, and a reduction in exchangeable Al. However, the availability of P, as indicated by available P, decreased after more than 30 years of revegetation.
Compost and vermicompost engineering for the growth of BISI 18 variety of maize on coastal Entisols
Authors: Riwandi  , Hasanudin  , Anandyawati  , Utami Kartika
Published: April 2024

The main issue of Entisols was the deficiency of macro-essential nutrients such as Carbon (C), Nitrogen (N), Potassium (K), Calcium (Ca), and Magnesium (Mg), causing maize to be dwarfed. This study aimed to increase the growth of maize, BISI 18 variety, mainly for height, leaf area, wet weight of maize stover, and dry weight of maize stover. This experiment used Completely Randomized Block Design (CRBD) with two factors: dosage levels as first factor and types of organic fertilizers (compost and vermicompost) as second factor, with three replications. Stages of organics were 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20-ton ha -1 each other, whereas there were 30 experimental units. Dimensions of the experimental unit were 3m x 1m and length 75 cm x 20 cm with 20 plants per plot. Observations of soil and plant variables involved soil, compost, and vermicompost before experimentation and growth of maize (such as height, leaf area, wet weight stover, and dry weight stover of BISI 18 variety). The results showed optimum height (210.27 cm and 201.15 cm) on vermicompost with 15and 20-ton ha -1 dosages. Great leaf area (739 cm 2 and 812 cm 2 ) on 20-ton ha -1 of vermicompost and 5-ton ha -1 of compost. The highest wet stover (710.5 g per plant) on 20-ton ha -1 of vermicompost and dry stover (228.8 g per plant) on 5-ton ha -1 of vermicompost and 20-ton ha -1 of compost. This experiment concluded that vermicompost had a better impact than compost for supporting maize growth on coastal Entisols.
The Improvement Path for Credit ABS of Commercial Banks—A Case Study of China Construction Bank
Authors: Qu Zhiming
Published: April 2024

This article focuses on the current state of asset securitization in China Construction Bank (CCB). It conducts an in-depth analysis of two areas, namely non-performing asset securitization and green asset securitization, and explores suitable improvement approaches for these two domains. The analysis analyzed the basic information of China Construction Bank’s asset securitization, including market share and other relevant factors, and takes into account the domestic and international development status and historical path, and incorporates mainstream views in academia to propose practical and significant solutions.For non-performing asset securitization, the main improvements are targeted towards the credit enhancement system and methods. The suggested approaches include the introduction of insurance and risk diversification mechanisms, as well as market adjustments to enhance the credit enhancement capabilities of non-performing asset securitization.Regarding green asset securitization, the focus lies on the pricing system as the domestic market is still in its early stages of development. The suggested methods involve improving the foundation, establishing standards, and enhancing awareness.
Enterprise Futures Hedging Risk Management -Take the Qingshan Holdings’ Nickel Futures Incident on the LME as an Example
Authors: Xia Zunhao
Published: April 2024

When conducting international commodity trade, companies have to face changes in the prices of raw materials and finished products. Particularly in the context of a volatile international situation and increasingly complex geopolitics, enterprises are often inclined to engage in hedging activities to mitigate price risks. Establishing and improving risk management in hedging to promote enterprises’ smooth trade business is significant. Good risk management can ensure the long-term and stable development of enterprises. This paper conducts a case study through the March 2022 nickel futures price surge event on the London Metal Exchange. Through the huge loss of Tsingshan Group in the transaction, the cause of the event and the corresponding suggestions are put forward. The causes of the problems are analyzed from the macro-environmental and micro factors of the exchange and the enterprise, and the solutions are put forward. This paper has a certain reference value for similar enterprises to improve their hedging risk management ability.
The impact of digital economy on consumption and education industry: Taking China as an example
Authors: Chen Huiyu
Published: April 2024

Looking around the world, a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation is developing in depth. The digital economy has become an important factor affecting global resource allocation, industrial structure, and the international division of labor. Promoting the development of the digital economy has become an important strategic direction for most countries. The digital economy is shining brightly in daily consumption, education, and other fields. This article uses macro, meso, and micro education to conduct a detailed analysis of the market structure and impact of the digital economy on daily consumption and education and discovers the electrification of digital consumption and digital education. The study found that the pain points of digital consumption include insufficient protection of consumer privacy, uneven quality of digital consumption, and insufficient supervision of digital consumption. The pain points of digital education are the difficulty in acquiring customers, the high cost of acquiring customers, and the need to improve teaching quality and rapidly expand the market. Conflicts and limited online teaching formats lead to low accuracy in performance testing.
Risk Management in Derivatives Markets: Integrating Advanced Hedging Strategies with Empirical Analysis
Authors: Liu Fengshuo
Published: April 2024

This study provides a comprehensive analysis of hedging strategies in the Chinese 50ETF options market, emphasizing dynamic hedging, Value at Risk (VaR), and machine learning-based approaches. Each strategy is meticulously evaluated against various market conditions, revealing distinct strengths and weaknesses. Dynamic hedging proves cost-effective in stable markets but struggles in high volatility scenarios, limiting its risk reduction capacity. Conversely, the VaR model, while reducing risk effectively under extreme conditions, may lead to over-hedging in calmer markets due to high costs and dependence on historical data. Machine learning strategies excel in adapting to complex and nonlinear market dynamics, though their effectiveness is contingent on data accuracy and model robustness. The study highlights the criticality of aligning strategies with market specifics and investor risk profiles, advocating for adaptable risk management in the fluctuating realm of financial derivatives. It provides empirical insights into modern hedging methods, offering practical guidance for their application in dynamic financial markets.
Trends in China’s pharmaceutical market during the COVID-19 epidemic
Authors: Nie Shilin
Published: April 2024

The COVID-19 epidemic has had a significant impact on the Chinese pharmaceutical market, leading to substantial changes in demand, production, supply, and market size. This study aims to analyze the impact on the Chinese pharmaceutical market by examining the evolving market trends during the COVID-19 epidemic. Through relevant literature and data, the following conclusions are drawn: the Chinese pharmaceutical market has undergone significant changes in demand, production, supply, price, and scale due to the epidemic. These factors not only posed considerable challenges to the Chinese pharmaceutical market during the epidemic, prompting the government and enterprises to implement a series of policies to overcome these difficulties, but also presented opportunities and challenges for the development of the Chinese pharmaceutical market. Based on the above analyses, this paper proposes some innovations and suggestions, for example the government should put forward some policies to manage market price fluctuations in some special period, and the state should also cultivate and introduce more innovative talents to help the country innovate in science and technology.
ESG Practice of Medical Device Companies and its Impact on Corporate Performance: Taking Mindray as an Example
Authors: Chen Ziyue
Published: April 2024

In the context of China’s “dual carbon” goal, the concept of Environment, Social and Governance (ESG) has attracted more and more attention, and enterprises have turned their attention to ESG in the process of thinking about how to transform to a new model of sustainable development. At the same time, with the aging population and the continuous progress of medical technology, the medical device industry shows a trend of rapid development. Researchers found that good ESG practices have a positive impact on enterprise performance. However, most of the studies are empirical studies based on big data samples, while there are few case studies on specific companies. As a leading enterprise in the medical device industry, Mindray has made continuous efforts in green development, social responsibility and corporate governance, and has achieved excellent performance in ESG transparency and ESG performance evaluation. Therefore, this study takes Mindray as the research object, adopts literature research method and case study method to analyze its ESG practice path and its impact on corporate performance. The study found that Mindray Medical’s ESG practices performed well, and its good ESG practices had a positive impact on both its non-financial performance and financial performance, which was conducive to its sustainable and healthy development.
Pair Tarding and Residual Risk: A Case Study Based on the China’s Securities Firm
Authors: Chen Jiaxin
Published: April 2024

With the development of the financial field, there are more and more hedging strategies accompanied by an increasing number of residual risks in these strategies. These risks are generally ignored by people, resulting in losses. This paper begins with CITIC Securities, the leader in China’s securities industry, and analyzes its large-scale paired trading case, spreading spreads in the A-stock market. Firstly, at the macro trading level, this paper finds that there are still credit risks and liquidity risks in the trading of this investment portfolio by referring to the prospectus of CITIC Securities’ bond offering. It puts forward relevant suggestions to reduce these risks. Next, the focus shifts to the analysis of the portfolio strategy itself. The paper identifies four risk points: stock price rise in advance, abnormal events, reduced hedging opportunities, and market irrationality. It also provides suggestions on how to mitigate losses caused by these remaining risks. For example, setting up profit and loss points, establishing relevant departments to control the remaining risk points, maintaining good customer credit, and improving the company’s credit rating.
An Study on the Causes and Consequences of the SVB Collapse
Authors: Chen Haonan
Published: April 2024

This comprehensive study delves into the nuanced causes and repercussions surrounding the failure of Silicon Valley Banks(SVB), scrutinizing both external and internal factors. Internally, the demise is attributed to mismanagement of assets and liabilities, coupled with flaws in the business model. Externally, the Federal Reserve’s interest rate hike and relaxed financial regulations during the Trump era are identified as pivotal triggers. Post-bankruptcy, the rapid acquisition and sale of SVB, First Total Bank, and Signature Bank temporarily alleviate risks within the US banking sector. Regulatory authorities respond by fortifying rules, enhancing industry resilience but simultaneously tightening loan conditions, potentially intensifying economic downturn pressures. Presently, market confidence is on the mend due to regulatory influence, limiting systemic risks. However, the looming 2023 interest rate hike poses a threat, particularly with tight monetary policies. Small and medium-sized US banks, heavily invested in commercial real estate, face heightened vulnerability, potentially precipitating a downward spiral in property prices. Drawing lessons from Lehman Brothers, the study advocates for a balanced approach to monetary policy, emphasizing financial stability, improved risk management by regulators, and ongoing efforts to avert and mitigate future financial crises.
Efficiency and Stability in Private Equity Investments: A Comprehensive Analysis of Traditional Financial Models and Strategies
Authors: Lu Peixuan
Published: April 2024

This paper will discuss Dell’s challenges following the acquisition, including the large debt it acquired and the need to innovate continuously in the always-evolving world of technology. Research delivers an array of tactical and financial solutions. One aspect of the strategy to tackle Dell’s financial stumbling block could incorporate debt restructuring, equity financing, cost cutting, targeted growth initiatives, pro-active innovation and agility strategies such as capital investments in research and development, efforts to diversify products, and the enactment of strategic partnership agreements will result in what it will be the best outcome for growth. According to this research, there are holistic solutions, but it does not deny the restricted value of these proposed solutions based on theoretical notions and industrywide generalizations. Application of these solutions should consider the market dynamism, relevant internal organizational characteristics, or even unforeseen macroeconomic events that might strike once the solutions are implemented. Thus, it is extremely important that companies use integrated financial management and strategic positioning as a driving force for business. Many of these tech companies face the same challenges, and, as the industry has proved to be highly volatile, there is a certain amount of risk every time strategic decisions are made.
A Study on the Inhibitory Effect of Inquiry Letters on the Hollowing out of Shareholders in Non-Punitive Supervision: Taking Nanjing Xinbai Company as an Example
Authors: Cai Jingwei , Qiu Hanjun
Published: April 2024

The continuous evolution of regulatory methods in the capital market underscores the significance of regulatory inquiries as a primary tool for exchanges. Over the years, the frequency of inquiry letters has risen, demonstrating a growing level of professionalism and detail in questioning. This trend has garnered considerable attention from scholars globally. Recent incidents, particularly involving listed companies facing financial crises, highlight the serious disruption caused by major shareholders hollowing out these firms. Therefore, understanding how regulatory inquiries govern the phenomenon of shareholder hollowing is crucial for enhancing market order and refining regulatory mechanisms. This study focuses on the case of Nanjing Xinbai, analyzing the hollowing-out process of its major shareholders. It investigates the governance mechanisms, inhibitory effects, and economic consequences of regulatory inquiries on such hollowing-out incidents. The case analysis reveals that inquiry letters, by posing questions, alleviate regulatory and public opinion pressure, leveraging intermediary agencies’ synergies to deter inappropriate behavior by listed companies. Simultaneously, regulatory inquiries encourage companies to enhance internal controls, safeguarding the interests of small and medium-sized shareholders in the face of potential major shareholder misconduct. The findings underscore the dual role of regulatory inquiries in releasing pressure and prompting positive corporate behavior, while also addressing shortcomings in the inquiry letter mechanism for the benefit of policymakers, investors, and listed companies.
An Analysis of IPO Motivation and Effects of New Chinese Tea Brands: Taking NAYUKI Tea as an Example
Authors: Shi Mingzhen
Published: April 2024

The Initial Public Offering (IPO) listing of emerging Chinese tea brands in Hong Kong has captured widespread attention in current social discourse. Amidst the swift evolution of the tea brand industry and the advent of innovative Chinese tea offerings, the competitive landscape is witnessing a surge, prompting numerous brands to opt for Hong Kong IPOs as a strategic move to “breakthrough the siege.” Focusing on NAYUKI Tea as the subject of investigation, this paper delves into the rationale behind NAYUKI Tea’s IPO within the context of the tea brand market. It meticulously examines the financial and non-financial transformations both preceding and succeeding its IPO. The analysis reveals an enhancement in NAYUKI Tea’s financial operations post-IPO, although formidable challenges persist in the capital market. Building on these findings, the paper consolidates insights into NAYUKI Tea’s IPO journey, offering a comprehensive overview of its experiences, coupled with anticipations and prospects for the future of the tea industry.