bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Las destrezas de pensamiento y las calificaciones escolares en educación secundaria: validación de un instrumento de evaluación libre de cultura
Authors: Manassero-Mas Maria Antonia , Vázquez-Alonso Ángel
Published: September 2020

Los estudios sobre pensamiento crítico se han centrado y preocupado más por crear programas de enseñanza que evaluar el impacto de los programas y, por ello, este artículo de investigación plantea la evaluación de las destrezas de pensamiento de estudiantes españoles al final de la educación secundaria (15-16 años), su relación con las calificaciones del aprendizaje y la validación del instrumento de evaluación. Este se plantea como un instrumento libre de cultura, con un componente figurativo importante y cuyo propósito es evaluar cuatro destrezas: deducción, asunciones, secuenciación y toma de decisiones. Los resultados permiten un diagnóstico de las destrezas de los estudiantes, así como resaltan el hallazgo más importante: la correlación significativa entre las calificaciones escolares de los estudiantes y las puntuaciones de las destrezas de pensamiento, que tienden a ser más altas en las asignaturas matemáticas y científicas. Los resultados psicométricos de validez y fiabilidad son buenos para las cuestiones figurativas y más bajos para las cuestiones verbales, a pesar de que estas últimas se extrajeron de instrumentos estandarizados de evaluación de pensamiento crítico construidos por otros autores. Finalmente, se discute la importancia de los resultados para la educación, puesto que confirman la relevancia transversal que pueden tener las destrezas de pensamiento para los aprendizajes escolares, y se propone revisar algunas cuestiones del instrumento de evaluación para mejorar su validez y fiabilidad.
LncRNA SENCR suppresses abdominal aortic aneurysm formation by inhibiting smooth muscle cells apoptosis and extracellular matrix degradation
Authors: Cai Zhou , Huang Jianhua , Yang Junxiao , Pan Baihong , Wang Wei , Ou Yangyang , Wang Xianwei , Yang Pu
Published: September 2020

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a progressive chronic dilatation of the abdominal aorta without effective medical treatment. This study aims to clarify the potential of long non-coding RNA SENCR as a treatment target in AAA. Angiotensin II (Ang-II) was used to establish AAA mouse model as well as a cell model based on the mouse aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Reverse transcription quantitative PCR and western blot were performed to measure the expression of SENCR and proteins, respectively. Apoptotic rate in VSMCs was determined using Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining, and cell apoptosis in aortic tissues was determined by TUNEL staining. Hematoxylin and eosin and Elastica van Gieson staining were used for histological analysis of aortic tissues. SENCR was downregulated in AAA tissues and Ang-II-stimulated VSMCs. Overexpression of SENCR inhibited Ang-II-induced VSMC apoptosis, while inhibition of SENCR facilitated VSMC apoptosis. Moreover, overexpression of SENCR suppressed matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 expression and promoted tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP-1) expression in Ang-II-induced VSMCs, while inhibition of SENCR expression led to the opposite results. In vivo, overexpressed SENCR improved the pathological change in aortic tissues and the damage in arterial wall elastic fibres induced by Ang-II, as well as it suppressed Ang-II-induced cell apoptosis and extracellular matrix degradation in aortic tissues. Overall, overexpression of SENCR inhibited AAA formation via suppressing VSMC apoptosis and extracellular matrix degradation. We provided a reliable evidence for SENCR acting as a potential target for AAA treatment.
Internal Capital Markets in Russian Business Groups: Evidence from Corporate Investments
Authors: Korotkova Yana
Published: September 2020

Although business groups occupy strong positions in Russia, existing studies on Russian group-affiliated companies are insufficient yet to provide a thorough understanding of how the internal capital markets of business groups operate and influence corporate activities. The purpose of this paper is to assess the impact of the internal capital markets on the investments of Russian group-affiliated companies.

What motivates the use of internal capital markets? Does the reallocation of intragroup funds help mitigate financing constraints of group members and facilitate their investments? To find relevant answers we apply the generalized method of moments (GMM) to estimate investments models based on data for 514 Russian companies affiliated with 48 business groups over the period from 2014 to 2018. Following the existing studies based on both Q model of investment and the Euler equation model, we analyze the relationship between subsidiaries’ investments and such factors as lagged investments, sales, leverage, asset profitability and liquidity as well as the size of both subsidiaries and their groups.

The results reveal that leverage and profitability of business groups positively influence the investment activity of subsidiaries. These findings support our hypotheses that the internal capital markets of Russian business groups are active and help mitigate the financial constraints of affiliated companies. Meanwhile, we find that subsidiaries’ investment activity is negatively related to their asset profitability which is typical for tunneling or propping practices followed by controlling shareholders. The results also show some evidence of the positive relationship between subsidiaries’ cash flows and investments, demonstrating that the internal capital markets in Russia do not eliminate the financial constraints of group-affiliated companies. The findings on the internal capital markets of Russian business groups described in this paper may be useful for managers seeking for mechanisms to increase the financial resource availability for large and medium companies in the context of sanctions, macroeconomic instability and yet not sufficiently developed financial markets in Russia.
Do Investors Pay Yield Premiums On Green Bonds?
Authors: Mikhaylova Anna , Ivashkovskaya Irina
Published: September 2020

Global shifts in perspectives on environmental concerns and the growing significance of large-scale sustainabilityprograms have brought the issue of green financing to the fore of financial research. In terms of volume, this area hasdemonstrated high growth rates in various types of capital markets.Unfortunately, few studies exist which explore the yields on green bonds in emerging markets in comparison todeveloped ones. As such, in this paper, we contribute new evidence to the field of green financing and outline severalmajor differences between green issues in these types of capital markets.We study yield premiums of green bonds on a sample of 2,450 green issues and comparable traditional bonds over theperiod from 2008 to March 2020. We contribute to the literature by new empirical evidence on green financing.Our results provide evidence of small but statistically significant negative premiums on green bonds of 23,4%1 comparedto the expected yields for standard issues. We also show that the negative premium on green bonds is more pronouncedin developed markets (- 27%2) than in emerging ones (18%3). Moreover, we provide new evidence on the negativepremium-liquidity relationship. Our research concludes that negative premiums are related to a higher level of liquidity:green bonds have lower bid-ask spreads and a higher level of liquidity than traditional ones.These conclusions can assist investors, potential issuing companies, and public authorities in achieving a betterunderstanding of the current situation of the green bond market in global terms.
Quantification of nonprotein sulfhydryl groups (NPSH) optimized for zebrafish brain tissue v1
Authors: Sachett Adrieli , Gallas-Lopes Matheus , M M Conterato Greicy , Benvenutti Radharani , P Herrmann Ana , Piato Angelo
Published: September 2020

Zebrafish are incresingly used as a model animal in neuroscience research. Here we describe a protocol to quantify nonprotein sulfhydryl groups (NPSH), an indirect evaluation of the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), a major oxidative stress defense in the central nervous system.
Rapid enhanced-LAMP (e-LAMP) test v1
Authors: Saxena Alka , Munir Iqbal Muhammad
Published: September 2020

Colorimetric Loop Amplification (LAMP) is a fast diagnostic tool which identifies presence of pathogenic RNA or DNA through a colour change. This method is not used widely because it is not as sensitive as real time PCR (lacks in sensitivity) and the negative control also becomes positive eventually (lacks in specificity). At Genomics WA, have developed a solution e-solution, which increases the sensitivity and specificity of colorimetric LAMP. Use of this solution keeps the negative control negative for a long time, thus enabling low copy numbers of pathogens to be detected. Our solution improves the sensitivity and specificity of colorimetric LAMP.
nCoV-2019 McGill Nanopore LibPrep Protocol, 5 ng NB v1
Authors: J Reiling Sarah , Roy Anne-Marie , Chen Shu-Huang , Quick Josh , Ragoussis Ioannis
Published: September 2020

Artic nCoV-2019 McGill modified Lunascript Reverse Transcriptase nanopore sequencing protocol.
Coronavirus LAMP Protocol - 2020 v1
Authors: E De Sota Rhys , C Olsen Erica , S Huang Sharon , Grace Huber not provided , Hayashi Alyssa
Published: September 2020

SARS-CoV-2 or Covid-19 has halted industry, schooling, employment, and in general the lives of people all around the world. In the United States, there is currently no screening tool to mass test people at workplaces and schools, which poses a great risk for people having to return to pre-COVID schedules. Our goal was to create a cheap, and time-sensitive screening test for SARS-CoV-2 that is able to allow high-throughput and a faster turn around times than the standard PCR diagnostic in use today. Our test differs from other notable SARS-CoV-2 LAMP protocols with the addition of betaine, a different inactivation temperature, no purification step, and no requirement of a heat block. Each run costs $ 3.66 USD and takes 70 minutes. With increased screening, pre-COVID normalcy can start to return for the lives of many people around the world.
OnsiteGene 2 Protocol Saliva Direct v1
Authors: not provided yliu
Published: September 2020

This OnsiteGene protocol is designed for testing the normal saliva samples without nucleic acid extraction. A convenient saliva swab is used to collect about 50 μL of saliva for the detection. The protocol uses the Star Array® Hi-SenseTM COVID-19 Molecular Testing Kit 1.0 in the one-step real-time RT-qPCR test assay to qualitatively detect RNA from SARS-CoV-2 virus in the human respiratory specimen. It combines the reverse transcription technology and real-time PCR method to provide accurate detection of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. Along with the Star Array® SATM Direct Extract Buffer, the protocol supports direct amplification without the need of specific RNA extraction equipment and kit. It significantly reduces the loss of RNA from the sample extraction and purification process, saves time and workload from sample preparation, and minimized the burdens on supply chain. The triplex fluorescence design of the kit simultaneously detects the N1 and Orf1ab genes of the virus and the human RNase P gene as an internal control to ensure the sample quality. This protocol uses the Star Array® XDiveTM Superfast Real-Time PCR instrument to perform 40-cycle PCR in 8 minutes, and can test up to 16 samples or controls in each run. The total protocol time from sample collection to data interpretation is less than 11 minutes.
Mirimus COVID-19 Pool Surveillance RT-PCR Testing v1
Authors: Premsrirut Prem , Vasileva Ana , Cheng Huiting
Published: September 2020

Overview At the start of the Pandemic in the US, New York was hit with more cases of COVID-19 than any single country in the world. Although case numbers are finally at an all-time low, the question of how to safely reopen the economy, school and businesses still remains unclear. Today, SARS-CoV-2 detection via RT-PCR methods remains the gold standard to detect active infection and recommend isolation of individuals in order to prevent further spread. Unfortunately, the cost and bottlenecks created from repeated massive testing efforts have become unsustainable. As a way to address this issue, we have devised a strategy of pooling samples and testing entire populations together as one unit. This cuts the cost of testing dramatically and still enables the detection of a susceptible group that would need to undergo individual testing. To meet the COVID-19 testing demands, we created an organizational-based pooling strategy, whereby organizations can enroll in surveillance testing to monitor groups of people through pooled testing. By using organizational-based pooling, we avoid random pooling of samples. Instead, we pool groups of known contacts from a defined workplace, school or organization where people regularly interact. Therefore, a positive case would likely have an impact on the entire pooled population and the entire pooled population can be treated as an infected cohort until further individual testing, potentially, through a healthcare provider is recommended or offered. Method of Pooled Testing For pooled surveillance testing to be effective and widely adopted, sample collection methods must also be simplified and non-invasive in order to achieve high compliance and enrollment into a surveillance program. The method of testing must also be highly sensitive to accurately detect one positive case in a large pool of negative samples. For these reasons, we developed a simple saliva collection method with a validated pooled saliva specimens using RT-PCR and an acceptable limit of detection, which will be the most sensitive diagnostic test to date. We established automated methods to pool up to 24 saliva specimens and if a positive case is detected, the pools can be further broken down to pools of 2 specimens. The remaining 2 individuals within a pool will be referred to or, potentially, offered further clinical diagnostic testing by a healthcare provider.
[RETRACTED] VPH_AUTOGENE-COVID_Diagnosis_Protocol_XPRIZE v1
Authors: Vikas Pandey Dr
Published: September 2020

[RETRACTED]

Valetude Primus Healthcare (VPH) is a healthcare spinoff from IIT Delhi, India. VPH has developed an automated portable device, called AutoGene-COVID, to detect SARS COV 2 infection from a patient’s nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal, nasal swab, or saliva sample within 2 hours. The one-step rapid process includes RNA extraction and purification using magnetic capture (< 30 minutes) followed by the confirmation of COVID-19 infection using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (1 hour). The automated system comprises of an ingeniously designed single-use cartridge that has pre-filled reagents for RNA extraction and RT-PCR. The qualitative RT-PCR test detects the presence of Nucleocapsid genes N1, N2, and N3 and RNAse P gene by SYBR Green I based fluorescence. The over-all test costs less than $13.29/sample with sensitivity and specificity of 100% and a limit of detection of 10 copies/µL. The automation of the test ensures a contained system and reduces the risk of infection to the user. It obviates the need for infrastructure and trained personnel for the operation of the device. The battery-operated system is a portable device and can also be deployed in resource-poor settings.
COVIRAP testing protocol v1
Authors: Chakraborty Suman , Arindam Mondal not provided , Aditya Bandopadhyay not provided , Kumar Biswas Sujay , Saptarshi Banerjee not provided , Nandita Kedia not provided , Subhamoy Chatterjee not provided , Aratrika de not provided , Banerjee Indranath
Published: September 2020

We have developed an RT-LAMP based protocol for isothermal amplification and subsequent colorimetric detection of the COVID19 infection. This protocol essentially relies upon the RT-LAMP mediated reverse transcription and subsequent amplification into large copies of cDNA products in the first step of the protocol. Subsequently, we have fused a second step where we label the cDNA with a fluorophore based probe to increase the sensitivity and specificity of the results. This step also makes the overall process to be compatible with the paper strip based detection technique where the product from the second step gets captured by the molecule impregnated in the paper strip. This leads to the development of the control and test line which could be detected with a smart phone based app for the prediction and rapid dissemination of the result.
Methodology for Evaluating the Impact of Communication Channel Throughput on the Efﬁciency of Satellite Constellation
Authors: Karsaev O. V.
Published: September 2020

Theuse of low-orbit constellation of small or super-small satellites for solving problems of remote sensing of the Earthisa promising direction for the development of space activities. The implementation of this perspective requires the studyof a wide range of fundamentally new tasks, one of which is the development of control systems for such constellations. Afundamentally new aspect in the content of this task is the possibility of using communication between satellites and thecommunication network of the space system as a whole. At the same time, the choice of approach to the development of thecontrol system depends on the mode in which information exchange can take place, in real time or with time delays. Thearticlediscusses various options for the orbital construction of satellite groupings that determine the modes of informationexchange. The object of research is a space system in which information exchange can occur with time delays. The aim ofthe research is to develop a methodology for assessing the impact of the communication network bandwidth on the efficiencyof the space system. Efficiency indicators are the time of request execution and the performance of the space system — the data volumedelivered by a satellite constellation to the Earth over a certain period. The basis of the methodology is a simulation model that simulates the operation of satellites and ground infrastructure objects, the use of the developed prototypeof the control system and the corresponding information exchange in the communication network.
MIGRATION POLICY IN MEDIEVAL AND EARLY MODERN UKRAINE (X – MIDDLE XVIII CENTURY): HISTORICAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS
Authors: Kryzhevskyi A. , Derii O.
Published: September 2020

The article analyzes the process of origin and development of migration policy of state entities on Ukrainian lands in the 10th – first half of the 18th century. The research methodology is to study and analyze the organizational and legal foundations of Ukrainian migration policy during the study period. The validity of theoretical provisions, conclusions, scientific analysis and reliability of the results of the study is ensured by the use of a set of philosophical, general scientific and special scientific methods, namely: historical law, comparative law, historical and functional, formal legal and others. The study was conducted from the perspective of the principles of historicism, objectivity, versatility, complementarity and validity, which created a sound methodological basis for a comprehensive analysis of the subject matter of the study. The scientific novelty is the historical and legal analysis of the basic state-legal elements of migration policy, the identification of peculiarities of their functioning and effectiveness. The scientific novelty is the historical and legal analysis of the basic state-legal elements of migration policy, the identification of peculiarities of their functioning and effectiveness. The paper states that in the Middle Ages state control was established over the movements of foreigners, ambassadors and merchants. Subsequently, as the socio-economic and political situation changed, the problem of regulating the movement of not only the privileged classes but also the general population arose. It is observed that further strengthening of migration control, both external and internal, comes from the introduction of a passport system. It was found that effective state control over migration, which was based on the passport system, was managed not by the Polish authorities but by the Russian authorities. It was noted that the system of control over the population movement and passport system for some time was established in the territory of Zaporizhzhia Troops, which, in addition, allowed the Sich to emphasize its jurisdiction over the owners of Cossack passports. It has been proved that, since the seventeenth century, the passport has become the main instrument in the implementation of the state migration policy. It is established that it was in the 16th–17th centuries practices of managed and forced resettlement are being started, which will later be actively used by the Soviet authorities. Keywords: migration, a migration policy, a passport, a managed resettlement.
Analysis of the 15 December 2017 Mw 6.5 and the 23 January 2018 Mw 5.9 Java Earthquakes
Authors: Sirait Anne Meylani Magdalena , Meltzer Anne S. , Waldhauser Felix , Stachnik Joshua C. , Daryono Daryono , Fatchurochman Iman , Jatnika Jajat , Sembiring Andry Syaly
Published: September 2020

The west part of Java sits at the transition from oblique subduction of the Australian plate under the Sunda block of the Eurasian plate along Sumatra to orthogonal convergence along central and eastern Java. This region has experienced several destructive earthquakes, the 17 July 2006 Mw 7.7 earthquake and tsunami off the coast of Pangandaran and the 2 September 2009 Mw 7 earthquake, located off the coast of Tasikmalaya. More recently, on 15 December 2017, an Mw 6.5 earthquake occurred off the coast near Pangandaran, and, on 23 January 2018, an Mw 5.9 earthquake occurred offshore Lebak, between Pelabuhan Ratu and Ujung Kulon. Ground shaking and damage occurred locally and in Jakarta on the northern coast of Java. In this study, we use the double-difference technique to relocate both mainshocks and 10 months of seismicity (228 events) following the earthquakes. The relocation result improved the mainshock locations and depth distribution of earthquakes. Moment tensor of the December 2017 event located the hypocenter at ∼108  km depth within the subducting slab. The best-fit relocation places the depth at 61 km, close to the slab interface. Aftershocks occur between 68 and 86 km depth and align along a steeper plane than slab geometry models. The January 2018 event is located at ∼46  km depth. Aftershocks form a near-vertical, pipe-like structure from the plate interface to ∼10  km depth. A burst of aftershocks immediately following the mainshock shows a shallowing upward trend at a rate of ∼2  km/hr, suggesting that a fluid pressure wave released from the oceanic crust is causing brittle failure in the overriding plate, followed by upward migration of fluids. Five months later, shallow (<25  km) seismicity collocates with background seismicity, suggesting the January 2018 event activated the Pelabuhan Ratu fault system close to the coast.
Conflict management training for future educators
Authors: Sokolova N. A. , Sivrikova N. V. , Chernikova E. G. , Ptashko T. G. , Harlanova E. M. , Roslyakova S. V.
Published: September 2020

Introduction. The relevance of the declared topic was dictated by the increased conflict between the members of education and the increasing demands placed on the professional activities of the modern teachers to resolve conflicts in the conditions of general education school. In the course of professional training of future teachers in universities, the formation of conflict competence is not paid due attention, so there is a need to determine the role, content and learning technologies for conflict management training of future teachers.

The aimof the present publication is to evaluate the effectiveness of conflict management training technology for future teachers.

Methodology and research methods. The authors carried out a pedagogical experiment using pre- and post-testing method of the level of formation of the components of conflict readiness of students of a pedagogical university – participants of experimental and control groups. The sample of the experiment was based on 120 of 2nd-4thyear students of the Faculty of History of the South Ural State Humanitarian Pedagogical University of Chelyabinsk. The following methods were used to collect the empirical data: the Thomas test; an achievement test to assess conflict knowledge; practical tasks (cases); methodology “My Conflict Position” (by V. V. Schernyazova). Mathematical processing of the research results was performed through the Pearson’s chi-squared test.

Results. The differences in the formation of cognitive, technological and personal components in students of the control and experimental group have been established. The dependence of the formation of components of conflict readiness of students for the introduction of a specially developed programme has been determined. After pedagogical impact, the number of students with high cognitive component levels rose from 0 to 39,3%. Most students (97,6%) learned algorithms to solve typical interpersonal conflicts and began to choose more constructive strategies to solve them. In the experimental group after the experiment, the personal component of conflict readiness was higher than in the control group.

Scientific novelty. The system is proposed to provide effective conflict management training for future teachers, which consists of three components: immersion in the information field of conflict; intensification of conflict resolution activities; mastering of constructive practices of conflict management.

Practical significance. The research results are of particular interest for the development of educational programmes in the system of professional education.
Bulantı ve Kusma ile Kendini Gösteren İki Rabdomiyoliz Vakası
Authors: KEMEÇ Zeki , AKIN Selçuk , ŞIKGENÇ Mehmet
Published: September 2020

Çok farklı nedenlerden kaynaklanabilen rabdomiyolizin travmalara bağlı olarak da görülebildiği kanıtlanmıştır. Şiddetli fiziki saldırılar sonrasında rabdomiyoliz ile ilişkili akut böbrek hasarı (rabdomiyoliz-akut böbrek hasarı) sık karşılaşılan bir durum olmasa da literatürde karşılaşılabilmektedir. Akut böbrek hasarının insan hayatını tehdit eden bir yönü olması dikkat edilmesini zorunlu kılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada rabdomiyoliz-akut böbrek hasarı olarak tanı konulan iki olgu rapor edilmektedir. Birinci olgu 39 yaşında erkek bir hastanın maruz kaldığı şiddetli fiziki saldırı sonrası bulantı-kusma ve akut böbrek hasarı, ikinci olgu ise 21 yaşında erkek bir hastanın uzun mesafe koşusu ve sonrasında maruz kaldığı şiddetli fiziki saldırı sonrası yoğun dispeptik yakınma ve akut böbrek hasarı olup, bu hastalar acil servisimize başvurdular. Her iki olguda da akılcı konservatif tedavi ile iyileşme sağlanmış olup hemodiyalize ihtiyaç duyulmamıştır. Açıklanamayan şiddetli dispeptik yakınma ile acil polikliniğine başvuran hastalarda hekimlerin rabdomiyoliz-akut böbrek hasarı olasılığını göz önünde bulundurması gerekmektedir. Erken tanı ve tedavi, rabdomiyoliz ile ortaya çıkabilecek akut böbrek yetmezliğini önleyebilir ve rabdomiyoliz hastalarında böbrek fonksiyon bozukluğunun potansiyel olumsuz etkilerini en aza indirebilir.
Uzun Dönem Oral Antidiyabetik ve İnsülin Kullanımında Nöropatik Ağrı Seyrinin Karşılaştırılması
Authors: YÜRÜK Damla , MELEK Ismet
Published: September 2020

Amaç: Bu çalışmada uzun dönem oral antidiyabetik ve insülin kullanan tip 2 diyabetes mellituslu hastalarda nöropatik ağrının diğer risk faktörleri ile birlikte karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Amerikan Diyabet Cemiyeti kriterlerine göre Tip 2 diyabetes mellitus olan 100 hasta çalışmaya alındı. Hastalara nörolojik muayene yapılıp, LANSS (Leeds Assesment of Neuropatic Symptoms and Signs) ve McGill Melzack Ağrı Sorgu Formu uygulandı. LANSS ≥12 olan hastalar Nöropatik Ağrılı gurup ve LANSS <12 olan hastalar Nöropatik Ağrısız gurup olarak ayrıldı. Guruplar demografik özellikler, diyabet süresi, kullanılan antidiyabetik tedavi, serum glukoz ve HbA1c değerleri, hipertansiyon ve hiperlipidemi varlığı açısından karşılaştırıldı.
Bulgular: Hastaların %51’inde nöropatik ağrı saptandı. Nöropatik Ağrılı gurupta ileri yaş, uzun diyabet süresi, yüksek serum glukoz ve HbA1c düzeyleri, hipertansiyon varlığı Nöropatik Ağrısız gurupla karşılaştırıldığında anlamlı fark bulundu. (P<0.05) Her 2 gurup arasında cinsiyet, hiperlipidemi varlığı, kullanılan antidiyabetik tedavi açısından anlamlı bir fark bulunmadı (P>0.05). Hastalarda nöropatik ağrı lokalizasyonu en sık alt ve üst ekstremite distalinde, paterni paroksismal ve spontan, tanımında en sık kullanılan ifadeler ‘sıcaklık veren’ ‘diken diken’ ve en sık tetikleyen faktör anksiyeteydi.
Sonuç: Tip 2 diyabetes mellitus hastalarında nöropatik ağrı gelişiminde; ileri yaş, uzun diyabetes mellitus süresi, kötü glisemik kontrol ve hipertansiyon varlığı önemli rol oynamaktadır. Cinsiyet, hiperlipidemi varlığı, kullanılan antidiyabetik tedavi ise nöropatik ağrı gelişiminde farklılık yaratmamaktadır.
Soliter Pulmoner Lezyonların Değerlendirilmesinde Atenüasyon Düzeltilmiş ve Düzeltilmemiş Pozitron Emisyon Tomografisi/Bilgisayarlı Tomografi Görüntülerinin SUVmax Değerleri ile Karşılaştırılması
Authors: ŞAHUTOĞLU Gökhan , YEĞİNGİL Zehra , ATILGAN Hasan İkbal
Published: September 2020

Amaç: Soliter pulmoner nodüllerin (SPN) karakterizasyonunda radyolojik görüntülemenin değerlendirme zorlukları, PET/BT’ye ihtiyaç duyulmasına neden olmuştur. PET/BT’de semikantitatif analizin yanında atenüasyon düzeltmeli (AC) ve düzeltmesiz (NAC) görüntülerin vizüel değerlendirmesi de yapılabilmektedir. Çalışmamızda soliter pulmoner lezyonların karakterizasyonunda farklı PET/BT değerlendirme yöntemlerinin patolojik tanı ile uyumluluğuna bakmayı amaçladık.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Akciğerinde 1 cm ve üstü lezyon saptanan ve metabolik karakterizasyon için PET/BT çekimine gelen hastalar dahil edildi. Akciğer lezyonları AC ve NAC görüntülerinde vizüel ve SUVmax değeri ile semikantitatif olarak değerlendirildi. Her görüntü değerlendirme yönteminin sensitivitesini, spesifisitesini, doğruluğunu, negatif öngörme değerini (NPV) ve pozitif öngörme değerini (PPV) inceledik ve bunların patolojik tanı ile uyumluluğuna baktık.

Bulgular: Malign lezyonların SUVmaks değeri 13,62±9,03, benign lezyonların SUVmax değeri 3,71±3,07 idi. SUVmaks eşik değerini 2,5 aldığımızda, sensitivite %100, spesifite %35,7, doğruluk %83,5, PPV %81,8 ve NPV %100 olarak hesaplandı. Vizüel değerlendirmede 1 ve 2 skoru benign, 3 ve 4 skoru malign olarak kabul edildiğinde, AC görüntülemede sensitivite %100, spesifite %53,6, doğruluk %81,7, PPV %80,2 ve NPV %100 olarak bulunup, patolojiyle orta düzeyde uyumluluk saptandı. NAC görüntülemede sensitivite %100, spesifite %60,7, doğruluk %89,9, PPV %88 ve NPV %100 olarak bulunup, patolojiyle iyi düzeyde uyumluluk saptandı.

Sonuç: Pulmoner lezyonların değerlendirilmesinde SUVmax değerinin yanında AC ve NAC görüntüler de incelenmelidir.
Reseña: Paleo Mosquera, Natalia (2018). As políticas municipais de xénero en España. O caso dos municipios galegos (Editorial Laiovento)
Authors: Fernández Luzia Leis
Published: September 2020

Reseña do libro Paleo Mosquera, Natalia (2018). As políticas municipais de xénero en España. O caso dos municipios galegos. Santiago de Compostela: Editorial Laiovento.
Composite Contracts in Supply Chain
Authors: Faludi Tamás
Published: September 2020

Supply chain coordination is very important nowadays because of the increasing number of cooperating partners. Contracts can be used in order to provide a framework for the partners’ cooperation. In this paper, two contract types are analysed. Take-it-or-leave-it contracts are often used by decentralized supply chains, but include some attributes from centralized settings. The quantity discount can be used in any type of supply chain. Centralized and decentralized settings of supply chains are also discussed in the paper. A numerical example compares the rates which determine the coordination power of the contract types. The paper suggest some other composite contracts to enhance the performance of supply chains.
Extended Poisson Lomax Distribution
Authors: Hamed Mohamed Sowilem
Published: September 2020

The main goal of this article is to introduce a new extension of the continuous Lomax distribution with a strong physical motivation. Some of its statistical properties such as moments, incomplete moments, moment generating function, quantile function, random number generation, quantile spread ordering and moment of the reversed residual life are derived. Two applications are provided to illustrate the importance and flexibility of the new model.
Perspectives from an Endocrinologist at the Ottawa Hospital - An Interview with Dr. Christopher Tran
Authors: Wang Hao , Phuong Melissa
Published: September 2020

Dr. Christopher Tran is an endocrinologist at The Ottawa Hospital known for his work on medical education and eConsults. He is also a friendly, familiar face among second-year uOttawa medical students during their Endocrinology Block. We sat down with Dr. Tran to talk about his current work as well as his perspectives on research and social media use among academics. Dr. Tran also provides advice to medical students with regards to deciding on a medical specialty to pursue and how to approach the CaRMS application process.
Comparison of block characteristics and postoperative analgesia of 0.5% Levobupivacaine with 0.5% Ropivacaine in ultrasound guided supraclavicular block for orthopedic forearm surgery - a prospective, comparative, randomized, clinical study
Authors: Pandya Jaimin , Chauhan Amit P , Jain Ashish
Published: September 2020

Levobupivacaine is relatively new drug and studies in supraclavicular blocks are limited. Our Primary aim was to evaluate and compare block characteristics and post operative analgesia of Levobupivacaine with Ropivacaine in supraclavicular block.

Secondary aim was to compare systemic toxicity profiles of both drugs.

Totally 60 adult patients were randomly allocated to two equal groups (n = 30). Patients in Group-R received 20 ml 0.5% ropivacaine and Group-L received 20 ml 0.5% Levobupivacaine in ultrasonography guided supraclavicular block.

The main objective was to evaluate block characteristics and the duration of analgesia and other were hemodynamic variables, sedation score, and adverse effects. 

The data were interpreted with the help of t-test and Chi-square test.

Onset time, Peak effect time and total duration of sensory block was 90.33± 35.43 sec, 379.67 ± 201.21sec and 428.5± 94.19 min in Group L while it was 192.33± 65.21 sec, 484± 202.05 sec and 345.17± 104.59 min in Group-R respectively. (P value < 0.05).

Onset time and total duration of motor block was 265.67 ± 117.9 sec and 331 ± 93.13 min. in Group L while it is 283.± 122.73 sec and 310± 99.83 min in Group R (p ≥ .05)

The duration of post-operative analgesia was 12±2.12 hr in group L and 7.7±1.9 hr. in group R (p value < .001).

Levobupivacaine (0.5% 20 ml) can be safely and effectively used in ultrasound guided supraclavicular block and it has early onset with prolonged duration of anaesthesia as well as prolonged post-operative pain relief compare to Ropivacaine.
A comparison of fentanyl and dexamethasone pretreatment for prevention of etomidate induced myoclonus, a randomized double blind placebo controlled study
Authors: Makker Robina , Mehra Neha , Khanna Abhishek
Published: September 2020

Etomidate is used for induction of anaesthesia in haemodynamically unstable patients but its use is associated with undesirable side effects like myoclonus, incidence of which is 50-80%. This prospective, randomized, placebo controlled study is to compare the effect of dexamethasone and fentanyl for prevention of etomidate induced myoclonus.

Ninety adult patients were randomly assigned into three groups to receive Dexamethasone (group D), Fentanyl (group F) and placebo (group P) five min before injection etomidate 0.3mg/kg IV. The patients were assessed for myoclonus using a four point intensity scoring system over a period of 5 min. ANOVA and chi square test were used for statistical analysis and P<0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

The incidence of myoclonus was significantly reduced in groups D and F compared with group P (p value 0.001).The incidence of pain associated with Etomidate induced myoclonus also was significantly reduced in groups D and F compared to group P (p value 0.001).

Dexamethasone significantly reduces the incidence of myoclonus as compared to placebo. It also significantly reduces the pain associated with Etomidate injection. However its efficacy to reduce pain and myoclonus as compared to Fentanyl is much less.
Comparison of video laryngoscopy and direct laryngoscopy during endotracheal intubation- A prospective comparative randomized study
Authors: Panwar Neha , Vanjare Hemant , Kumari Manisha , Bhatia V S , Arora K K
Published: September 2020

Direct laryngoscopy is most widely used method of oro-tracheal intubation but at times it could be difficult, and may lead to adverse effect on cardiovascular system. Video laryngoscopy in contrast provides better visualisation of airway making oro-tracheal intubation easy. The aim of this study was to prospectively compare the use of Video laryngoscope (Glidescope) versus the direct (Macintosch) laryngoscope blade for routine airway management

A prospective randomised comparative study was done by randomly allocating patients undergoing elective surgery to one of two Groups comprising 50 patients in each as: Group I-indirect laryngoscope (Video) and Group D-Direct (Macintosh) laryngoscope. After induction patients were intubated according to group allotted. Ease of intubation and other haemodynamic parameters were recorded at numerous intervals as follow: baseline, after induction of anaesthesia, one and five minutes after intubation.

Time required for the laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation in Group I i.e. indirect (18.50 seconds) was more as compared to Group D direct (11.76 seconds) with statistical significance. The Group I procedure significantly reduced tracheal intubation difficulty score and the ease of intubation was statistically insignificant as compared to that of Group D. It was found that there was a significantly better Modified Cormack Lehane Grade in Group I(100%) as compared to Group D(65%).

Video laryngoscopy (Glidescope) is considered advantageous over conventional direct laryngoscope (Macintosh) in terms of lower intubation difficulty score (IDS), better ease of intubation and lower grades of Modified Cormack Lehane Grade with indirect laryngoscopy). It can be used as a teaching tool for novice intubators and offers a new approach to tracheal intubation.
A comparative clinical study of intrathecal fentanyl and clonidine with hyperbaric bupivacaine in lower segment caesarean section
Authors: Uday G
Published: September 2020

To compare between clonidine and fentanyl as adjuvants with intrathecal bupivacaine in LSCS patients to know the: 1) Starting time and total time of sensory block; 2) Starting time and total time of motor block; 3) Total time of postoperative analgesia.

In a prospective, randomized study, 120 patients who are to undergo caesarean section between 18 and 30 years of age and of ASA grade I or II were randomly distributed into three groups. Patients were given intrathecally 2 ml of hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% (control group) or bupivacaine combined with 45mg of clonidine (clonidine group) or with 25mg of fentanyl (fentanyl group). Study of starting time and total time of sensory and motor blockade, level of sedation, total time of perioperative analgesia, maternal hemodynamic and fetal parameters were compared.

Time to two segment regression was increased in fentanyl group and clonidine group than in control group. Total time of analgesia was significantly more in fentanyl group and clonidine group than in control group. There was increased incidence of side-effects in clonidine group than other two groups.

Postoperative analgesia was increased by addition of 25mg fentanyl and 45mg clonidine to bupivacaine, with more side effects like hypotension, bradycardia and sedation in clonidine group.
Understanding orthodontic treatment – patients’ perspective
Authors: Ravi Teja M , C M Mahesh , Raju Aravind , A V Arun
Published: September 2020

This study was conducted to evaluate patient’s understanding of orthodontic instructions about the care of their orthodontic appliance and maintenance of oral hygiene during the fixed mechanotherapy.

This study was done in the Department of Orthodontics at Krishnadevaraya College of Dental Sciences, Bangalore. A self‑assessed questionnaire was formulated to assess the awareness among patients regarding the care of their fixed appliance. It was distributed among patients and only completely filled questionnaires which were 100 in number were considered for analysis. The questionnaire was divided into 3 categories – Food, Hygiene and General Instructions on Maintenance. The Questionnaire had a total of 18 questions with YES or NO type of response.

The data obtained by the survey was statistically analysed. Number of Male and Female patients was 37 and 63 respectively. In the category of Food, the overall positive response was 87.6% whereas negative response was 12.4%. In the category of Hygiene,the overall positive response was 87.2% whereas negative response was 12.8%. In the category of General Instructions and Maintenance, the overall positive response was 83.5%, whereas negative response was 16.5%.

Though majority of the patients exhibited impressive levels of understanding regarding food and hygiene, there was a lack of awareness about the general instructions and maintenance. So as orthodontists, we need to emphasize more on the awareness of patients regarding the care of their appliance which will go a long way in improving the overall results.
Correction of bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion in a growing male with class I malocclusion by extraction of premolars and profile improvement using conventional fixed orthodontic treatment- A case report on orthodontic camouflage
Authors: Lishoy Rodrigues , Jawale Bhushan , Belludi Anup , Pharande Amol , Hattarki Rohan
Published: September 2020

This case report evaluates the management of a Bimaxillary Dentoalveolar protrusion with a Class I malocclusion in a male patient with extraction of 1 premolars for correction of the prognathic profile of the patient. Clinical and cephalometric evaluation revealed skeletal Class I malocclusion with crowding with a convex facial profile, a Horizontal growth pattern, potentially incompetent lips, a posterior divergent face, average overjet and overbite. Following fixed orthodontic treatment by removal of 1 premolars in the upper and lower arch with retraction of anterior segment , a marked improvement in patient's smile, facial profile and occlusion was achieved and there was a remarkable increase in the patient's confidence and quality of life The profile changes and treatment results were demonstrated with proper case selection and good patient cooperation with Fixed appliance therapy.
Orthodontic extrusion a simplistic approach- Case study
Authors: Bansal Karan , Aggarwal Neha , P Bansal B
Published: September 2020

Management of patients with traumatic injuries to the teeth is an essential part of the general dentistry. Anterior teeth with intrusion/ fractures that extend subgingivally require a compounded treatment strategy that acknowledges biological, esthetic and functional components. Treatment of such teeth often requires a multi-dimensional approach. However, teeth with intrusion or crown-root fractures with placement below the gingival attachment or alveolar bone crest present rehabilitation difficulty. This case report presents a 10-year-old male who reported with intruded upper right central incisor causing recurrent lip injury. This case report presents an intruded maxillary central incisors tooth and its management using orthodontic extrusion and maintaining the healthy periodontal tissue and alveolar bone.
An efficient three dimensional universal guide for accurate placement of mini implants
Authors: Subhash Phalak Yogesh , V Kerudi Veerendra , S Aley Mrunal , K Saxena Shobhit , A Borole Prasad
Published: September 2020

Anchorage refers to the resistance against displacement by anatomical structures and the control of anchorage is one of the main factors for determining the success of orthodontic treatment. Conventional means of anchorage system were extra-oral and intra-oral anchorage. Evolution of intra-oral skeletal anchorage provided “Absolute Anchorage” using dental implants, miniplates and mini implant for fixed appliances which demanded stationary type of anchorage. Success of orthodontic mini implant depends on root proximity of the screw, cortical bone thickness and placement angle. In this article, we have described a grid for site selection and a well designed standard placement guide to prevent the root proximity while insertion, and reduce the chance of implant failure.
Kontextuell und offen für die Weite und das Neue
Authors: Waldenfels Hans
Published: September 2020

Zróżnicowanie i skończoność człowieka wobec boskiej nieskończoności i otwartości na to, co większe i nowe

Kartezjańskie „Cogito ergo sum” determinuje nowoczesne myślenia poprzez podkreślenie znaczenia „ego” („ja”). W związku z tym wielu ludzi żyjących w swej indywidualnej, konkretnej, historycznej sytuacji, ma tendencję do stawania się absolutnym i niezależnym podmiotem i panem własnego życia, myśli i postaw. Poszczególne czynniki ich biografii, takie jak miejsce i data urodzenia, płeć, język, zawód, przynależność religijna itp. określamy (zaczerpniętym ze współczesnej egzegezy biblijnej) terminem „kontekst”. Pośród mnogości różnych „ego” zauważamy takie „ja”, które (z własnej perspektywy) są „nie-ja”; nazywamy je: „wy” lub „my”.

Następnie opisany jest rozwój nowoczesnej myśli zachodniej w świetle koncepcji „osoby”. W myśli zachodniej „osoba” jest rozumiana głównie jako jednostka, choć filozofia i teologia średniowieczna podkreśla zarówno indywidualność, jak i relacyjność. Trudność w tłumaczeniu terminu „osoba” w różnych środowiskach kulturowych ukazana została w odniesieniu do języka japońskiego.

Pełniejsze zrozumienie człowieka osiągamy tylko wtedy, gdy poznamy jego ograniczenia, zwłaszcza w nauce i technice, i gdy przywrócimy poczucie nieskończoności. Kanadyjski filozof Charles Taylor przypomina, że w dzisiejszym świecie spotykamy nie tylko ludzi, którzy całkowicie porzucili wiarę w Boga i żyją w radykalnej autodeterminacji, ale jest także wielu takich, którzy oczekują spełnienia w życiu bezinteresownym, osadzonym w nadziei na nowe życie pochodzące od Całkiem Innego, którego nazywamy Bogiem – i solidarnie działają na rzecz pojednania, pokoju i sprawiedliwości.
İnsan Kaynakları Yönetim Uygulamalarının İş Stresi Üzerindeki Etkisi: Hizmet Sektöründe Bir Araştırma
Authors: Sürücü Lütfi , Şeşen Harun
Published: September 2020

Araştırmanın amacı, insan kaynakları yönetim uygulamalarının iş stresi üzerindeki etkisini incelemektir. Bu maksatla KKTC’de faaliyet gösteren 302 otel çalışanına anket uygulaması yapılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler SPSS ve AMOS paket programları vasıtasıyla analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma hipotezini test etmek hiyerarşik regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Analiz sonuçları insan kaynakları uygulamalarının çalışanlarda iş stresini artırdığı göstermektedir. Araştırma, insan kaynakları yönetim uygulamalarına eleştirel bir bakış açısı ile yaklaşmakta ve insan kaynakları yönetim uygulamalarının tüm örgütler için faydalı sonuçları olmayacağı konusunda yöneticilerde farkındalık yaratmaktadır.