bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The use of cultural risk assessment within the 1994 Tribal land-grant colleges and universities
Authors: Young Alvin L
Published: September 2021

In 1994, the United States Congress established 35 Colleges or Universities on Reservation Lands of the Native Americans throughout the Midwest and Western United States. These new institutions were provided annual funds from the United States Department of Agriculture for education, research and extension, components of the Land-Grant system. Today, issues related to risk assessment and risk management confront tribal decision-makers as they cope with risks, both real and perceived, that include the transportation of hazardous materials through the reservation, the clean-up of contaminated sites within the reservation, the environmental restoration of Federal facilities, the siting of waste treatment, storage, and disposal facilities, the development of tribal mineral and other natural resources, and the construction and operation of industrial and commercial facilities within the reservation. Tribal decision-makers lack Indian-specific epidemiologic, genetic, and cultural information that impact current risk assessment models needed to incorporate tribal cultural issues. There is a need to enhance the science skills of tribal college faculty in assisting tribal councils and tribal colleges in the long-term planning and stewardship of natural resources on their reservations.
Cultural Aesthetic Comparison of "Three Singing Methods"
Authors: Xie Xiaolan
Published: September 2021

The art of music is an important part of human culture. Vocal music art is closely related to traditional culture. Different social, historical and cultural factors of different nationalities have injected different ideological and cultural connotations into vocal music art. In their respective cultural atmosphere, vocal music art presents very different forms of expression. The traditional cultural concepts and national psychological consciousness formed under different religious backgrounds affect the traditional artistic concepts and the trend of vocal music art, and finally lead to the differences between Chinese and Western vocal music art and cultural aesthetics.
Research on the Mechanism of Consumers' Purchase Intention under the Xinjiang Cotton Incident
Authors: Zhou Ziting , Cai Yingying
Published: September 2021

Under the brand crisis triggered by the Xinjiang cotton incident, the study selected foreign brands MUJI and H&M, which have high brand awareness, and explored the mechanism of different brand crisis response strategies on Chinese consumers’ purchasing intentions, and explored in-depth the mediating effect of consumer emotions in this process, and constructed a structural equation model. The research result illustrates the correlation between emotions and corporate brand crisis response strategies and attitude towards China. It as well explains how consumer emotions play a mediating role between corporate brand crisis response strategies and purchase intentions. The study also found that consumers’ negative emotions have a deeper impact on their purchase intentions. The research has fully demonstrated the internal emotions and behavioral mechanisms of consumers, guiding companies to choose appropriate response measures, clarifying corporate political positions and attitudes, and implementing appropriate corporate brand crisis strategies.
التوليف السعوي لطيف موجة الامتصاص عن طريق توليف قيمة ظل الخسائر في الميتامتيريل
Authors: البدري خالد سعيد لطيف , محمد فهد قاسم , دحام احمد علي
Published: September 2021

تقدم هذه الدراسة نتائج تحليلية لتصميم بسيط جدا لممتص موجات كهرومغناطيسية ذو معامل انكسار سالب وهو عبارة عن قرص من النحاس مثبت على طبقة عازلة تفصلها عن طبقة ارضية مستوية من النحاس حيث يمتاز هذا الهيكل ببساطة التصميم ونحافة السمك. يهتم هذا البحث في توفير ممتص ومتحسس يمكن استخدامهما في التطبيقات العلمية مثل الاقمار الصناعية الخاصة بالطقس والخلايا الشمسية والتقليل من اثار الموجات الكهرومغناطيسية. تم تنفيذ التصميم واستخلاص النتائج بأستخدام برنامج CST. يوفر هذا التصميم منطقة امتصاص ذات قدرة امتصاص تصل الى 99%. ان هذا الامتصاص ناتج عن تذبذب ثنائي القطب في الجزء العلوي والسفلي للقرص. أضافة لذلك فإن التحكم في ابعاد التصميم للقرص وسمك الطبقة العازلة يقود الى نتائج جيدة في توليف التردد الرنيني. من جانب اخر اظهرت نتائج التحكم بالأبعاد الهندسية للتصميم امكانية الحصول على ممتص ذو حزمة امتصاص عريضة التي يمكن الاستفادة منها في تطبيقات تجميع الطاقة والحماية من اثار الموجات الكهرومغناطيسية. كما تجدر الاشارة الى امكانية تطوير التصميم للعمل في مدى واسع من الترددات مثل المايكروويف، التيراهيرتز، وصولاً الى الترددات الضوئية مما قد يسهم في التطبيقات المحتملة في العديد من مجالات التكنلوجيا الضوئية والهندسية.
مستوى هرمون البربتين مع بعض المؤشرات الكيموحيوية لدى مرضى السكري من النوع الثاني في مدينة سامراء
Authors: خالد زياد , السامرائي عثمان رشيد
Published: September 2021

تضمنت الدراسة قياس مستوى هرمون البربتين مع بعض المؤشرات الكيموحيوية في مصل مرضى السكري من النوع الثاني, اذ شملت الدراسة (60) عينة من مرضى السكري من النوع الثاني تراوحت اعمارهم ما بين (45-73) سنة, وكذلك (40) عينة لأشخاص أصحاء تراوحت اعمارهم ما بين (40-70) سنة اعتبرت كمجموعة ضابطة. أوضحت النتائج وجود ارتفاع معنوي عند مستوى احتمالية (p≤0.05) في مستوى البربتين عند مرضى السكري من النوع الثاني مقارنة بالأصحاء, اذ كان معدل مستوى البربتين في أمصال المرضى (ng/ml 178.31±263.43) مقارنة بالأصحاء والذي بلغ مستواه ( ng/ml 15.87±86.46) كذلك أظهرت نتائج الدراسة ارتفاعاً معنوياً في مستوى الكلوكوز إذ كان معدل مستوى الكلوكوز للمرضى ( mg/dL 245.7 ± 43.5) مقارنة بالأصحاء والذي بلغ مستواه mg/dl) 89.9 ± 9.7 ) وأظهرت النتائج ارتفاعاً معنوياً في تركيزي أيوني الصوديوم والبوتاسيوم لدى المرضى mmol/L) 34.168 ± 161.431) و mmol/L) 1.90 ± 5.77) على التوالي, مقارنة مع مجموعـة الأصحـاء والذي بلغ تركيزي الايونين (mmol/L 19.85±145.241) و (mmol/L 0.68±3.86 ) على التوالي بينما انخفض مستوى الكلوتاثيون لدى المرضى (μmol/l 0.070 ±0.192) مقارنة مع مستواه لدى الاصحاء والذي بلغ (μmol/l0.147 ±0.379) بينما ارتفع مستوى المالون ثنائي الالديهايد لدى المرضى (μmol/l 2.833±5.110) مقارنة بالأصحاء (μmol/l 0.762 ± 1.115).
Toward Constructing a Balanced Intrusion Detection Dataset
Authors: Alsameraee Amer Abulmajeed Abdulrahman , Ibrahem Mahmood Khalel
Published: September 2021

Several Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) have been proposed in the current decade. Most datasets which associate with intrusion detection dataset suffer from an imbalance class problem. This problem limits the performance of classifier for minority classes. This paper has presented a novel class imbalance processing technology for large scale multiclass dataset, referred to as BMCD. Our algorithm is based on adapting the Synthetic Minority Over-Sampling Technique (SMOTE) with multiclass dataset to improve the detection rate of minority classes while ensuring efficiency. In this work we have been combined five individual CICIDS2017 dataset to create one multiclass dataset which contains several types of attacks. To prove the efficiency of our algorithm, several machine learning algorithms have been applied on combined dataset with and without using BMCD algorithm. The experimental results have concluded that BMCD provides an effective solution to imbalanced intrusion detection and outperforms the state-of-the-art intrusion detection methods.
الفضاء التوبولوجي الميكروي من النمط N
Authors: . اكرام عبد القادر صالح , . طه حميد جاسم
Published: September 2021

الغرض من هذا البحث هو دراسة بعض التعريفات في التوبولوجيا العامة وتعميمها الى الفضاءات التوبولوجية الميكروية وهذه التعريفات هي المجموعة المفتوحة الميكروية من النمط i، المجموعة المفتوحة الميكروية من النمط N ، والعلاقة بين هذه التعريفات مع المجموعة الميكروية المفتوحة من النمط i، المجموعة المفتوحة الميكروية من النمط N ,المجموعة الميكروية شبه المفتوحة من النمط i، المجموعة المفتوحة الميكروية من النمط . درسنا بعض النتائج الجديدة وبرهنها واخيرا تولد لدينا فضاء توبولوجي جديد اسمينه الفضاء التوبولوجي الميكروي من النمط N.
Assay of Famotidine in Pure Solutions and Pharmaceutical Preparatives using the Coated- graphite Electrode as a Detector in the FlA System
Authors: Yuonis Ahmed , . Shatha  Yuonis Al Samarrai
Published: September 2021

A simple electrochemical method was developed to estimate famotidine (FMT) in pure solutions and pharmaceutical preparatives by a flow-injection analysis system (FlA). This method includes preparation of a coated graphite electrode using FMT with the Phosphotungstic acid precipitant (PTA), di-butyl phthalate (DBP) and poly vinyl chloride (PVC). The electrode characteristics were examined by studying the optimum conditions, the carrier current, the injected model size, flow rate, the reaction coil length, pH, the range of concentrations, the minimum Nernst response, the response time, the detection limits, and the study also included identifying the electrode selectivity of the toward other interfering ions. The electrode showed that the best Nernst slope for the calibration curve was at 33.82 mv/decade within linear range of (1.0 × 10-6- 1.0 × 10-1M), correlation coefficient (R2) 0.9999, response time 10 seconds, the estimating speed is 90 sample/hour, while the rate of dilution degree (D) is 2.6452. The obtained results confirmed that it is of high accuracy and precision (Err 0.119%), (Rec 100.11%), (RSD 0.1233%). The proposed method was successfully applied to assay of FMT in commercial tablet forms.
Simple two spectrophotometric methods for estimation of Cephalexin in pure and pharmaceutical dosage form
Authors: . Neda Ibrahim Mahdi
Published: September 2021

This study describes two extraction-free and direct spectrophotometric methods for the determination of Cephalexin in a pure and pharmaceutical dosage form. In this study, a zero-order method has exhibited maximum absorption max at 263 nm, while area under curve method has calculated in the range 260-266nm. The Linearity of both methods in the range (10- 60 nm), the limit of detection (LOD) is 0.808 for Zero-order method and 0.781 for the area under curve method. These methods are successfully applied to determination of Cephalexin in a pharmaceutical dosage form.
The Impact of COVID-19 on College Students' Consumption Behaviors
Authors: Chu Xiaoran
Published: September 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has hit global economy, and it has also greatly affected all industries with college students as the core consumer group. Through the questionnaire survey, this paper found that during the epidemic period, college students' consumption in catering and tourism decreased significantly, the utilization rate of supermarket flash delivery services was not high, and they were not satisfied with the services provided by online education. In terms of college students' consumption tendency after the epidemic, their willingness to consume in catering industry is relatively strong, while their willingness to consume in tourism is not high. The overall consumption level of college students has been on the rise during the epidemic period, with specific increases in online spending on education, daily necessities, online shopping and medical supplies, and decreases in catering, offline retail and traffic tour. Based on the problems found and the development rules of the industries, this paper puts forward corresponding operational countermeasures for the operators of the above industries to help them better carry out the post-epidemic recovery work.
Analysis of Humbert’s Ethical Choices
Authors: Gao Weihua
Published: September 2021

Humbert’s mumbling in prison shows the readers his true inner world and his tragic fate. Throughout Lolita, it is evidently clear that Humbert’s ethical choice is inextricably linked with his depressed heart and tragic fate. Based on ethical literary criticism proposed by Professor Nie Zhenzhao, this paper analyzes Humbert’s life, which is a life full of ethical choices. This article, based on Humbert’s ethical choice of Charlotte Haze, Lolita and Quilty, and his ultimate ethical redemption, reveals his ethical dilemma in ethical choice, his Sphinx Factors, the interweaving of his free will and rational will, and his ultimate ethical choice. Humbert’s ethical choices eventually led to his tragic fate.
Does Human Capital Mitigate Resource Curse? Evidence in the Short- and Long-Run
Authors: Coulibaly Ibrahima , Asirvatham Jebaraj
Published: September 2021

This paper examines the short-term and long-term relationships among natural resources, human capital, and growth in Mali in an Autoregressive Distributed Lag-Error Correction Model framework. In the presence of natural resources, we find that human capital has a positive impact on growth over time. Results show a long-term, stable and positive relationship between economic growth, natural resources, and human capital. Furthermore, the results do not show evidence of Dutch disease or the presence of any natural resource curse in Mali.
Inequality Dynamics in Malta: Cracks, Blips and Long-Term Trends
Authors: Vella Melchior , Camilleri Gilmour
Published: September 2021

This study analyses changes in income inequality in Malta and its driving factors between 2005 and 2018. The study employs and analyses data collected by Malta’s National Statistics Office, which conforms with the European Union Survey on Income and Living Conditions. Education and labour status are identified as key drivers behind income inequality changes over the period under review. While the Gini coefficient remained relatively stable between 2005 and 2018, the Lorenz curve moved further away from the line of equality at the upper end of the income distribution, showing modest increases. Over the 2014-2018 period, Government intervention has been mildly neutralizing through social transfers but not through taxes. Social transfers provided a greater safety net to citizens than they did during the 2005-2009 period, whereas tax reforms have abraded some tax progressivity. We also find that inequality was mostly attributed to differences in the individual’s qualifications, hours worked, occupations, and household employment structure and size, highlighting an important role for policy to further reduce the barriers to economic inclusion.
Extending Macroeconomic Impacts Forecasting for NEMS
Authors: Court Christa D. , Jackson Randall W. , Harker Steele Amanda J. , Pickenpaugh Gavin , Jarosi Peter , Adder Justin , Zelek Charles
Published: September 2021

To comprehensively model the macroeconomic impacts that result from changes in long-term energy-economy forecasts, the United States (U.S.) Department of Energy’s National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) partnered with West Virginia University (WVU)’s Regional Research Institute to develop the NETL/WVU econometric input-output (ECIO) model. The NETL/WVU ECIO model is an impacts forecasting model that functions as an extension of the U.S. energy-economic models available from the U.S. Energy Information Administration’s National Energy Modeling System (NEMS) and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Market Allocation (MARKAL) model. The ECIO model integrates a macroeconomic econometric forecasting model and an input-output accounting framework along derived forecast scenarios detailing a baseline of the U.S. ener-gy-economy and an alternative forecast on how power generation resources can meet future levels of energy demand to generate estimates of the impacts to gross domestic product, employment, and labor income. This manuscript provides an overview of the model design, assumptions, and standard outputs.
Using Bayesian Networks to Support Managing Technological Risk on Software Projects
Authors: Dantas Emanuel , Sousa Neto Ademar , Perkusich Mirko , Almeida Hyggo , Perkusich Angelo
Published: September 2021

Risk management is essential in software project management. It includes activities such as identifying, measuring and monitoring risks. The literature presents different approaches to support software risk management. In particular, the researchers popularly used Bayesian Networks because they can be learned from data or elicited from domain experts. Even though the literature presents many Bayesian networks (BN) for software risk management, none focus on technological risk factors. Given this, this paper presents a BN for managing risks of software projects and the results of a static validation performed through a focus group with eight practitioners. As a result, the practitioners agreed that our proposed to manage technological risks of software projects using BN is valuable and easy to use. Given the successful results, we concluded that the proposed solution is promising.
Establishing a New Social Service Regime
Authors: Trotter Joe William
Published: September 2021

The Urban League's fight for worker rights, household service employees, and low-income public housing deepened its ties with grassroots social movements and the larger civil rights agenda of the African American community. The Pittsburgh branch not only facilitated the emergence of the city's “Don't Buy Where You Can't Work” campaign, spearheaded by activist black women, but also advanced movements to demolish the color line in Pittsburgh's medical, educational, and defense programs. The Urban League's energetic engagement in these diverse but overlapping movements broadened the scope of its contributions to the development of the African American community and the transformation of black politics.
Confronting Decline and Facilitating Renaissance
Authors: Trotter Joe William
Published: September 2021

During the late 20th century, as the city made the transition from its predominantly manufacturing base to a new economy driven by high technology medical, educational, financial, and marketing institutions, African Americans suffered disproportionately higher unemployment, disease, poverty, and incarceration rates than their white counterparts. Near century's end, the Urban League of Pittsburgh deepened the political side of its social service activities to address what it called a seemingly “never-ending cycle” of “revolving doors and broken ladders” for too many of the city's black residents.
“Something Went Wrong”
Authors: Atkins Joseph B.
Published: September 2021

Harry Dean Stanton spent early formative years in West Irvine in central Kentucky, a land explored by Daniel Boone, torn by the Civil War, long dependent on tobacco, textiles, and for a time oil, first carried to markets by flatboats and later by railroad. Sheridan "Shorty" Stanton was a North Carolinian who grew tobacco and operated a barbershop. The much younger Ersel Moberly married him at least in part to get away from her crowded household only to find herself soon in another with three strapping boys and later Shorty's two daughters from an earlier marriage. It would be too much, and she abandoned the family, leaving a nearly lifelong legacy of tension in her relationship with her oldest son, Harry Dean. However, he inherited from her and his father's family a love of music, expressed in his early years in a barbershop quartet that included his brothers. After a disastrous stint down in Shorty's native North Carolina, the family returned to Kentucky, this time to the city of Lexington, where Harry Dean would attend high school and after military service college. By that time, Ersel had left, and Shorty was barbering fulltime.
From the Lexington Stage to a New York Park Bench
Authors: Atkins Joseph B.
Published: September 2021

This wide-ranging chapter follows Harry Dean Stanton in his first years after military service. He returned to Lexington, Kentucky, and enrolled at the University of Kentucky, eventually making his way to the university's Guignol Theatre where a performance as Alfred Doolittle in Pygmalion convinced him to pursue a career in acting. He continued his studies at the prestigious Pasadena Playhouse in California, spending several years there before signing up with a traveling, all-male chorus group that took him across the country. Like many actors, including his fellow Kentuckian and future friend Warren Oates, Harry Dean tried to put his training to work in New York City, but after spending more time on park benches than the stage he joined with the Strawbridge Children's Theater and was back traveling cross-country. He tired of this before long, and it was back to California, this time for good.
The Passing and the Passing Through
Authors: Atkins Joseph B.
Published: September 2021

This chapter begins with Harry Dean and his half-brother Stanley McKnight Jr. going to their mother Ersel's funeral, both stoned on marijuana. Ersel's drinking, gambling and periodic disappearances had left both with bitter memories even though she and Harry Dean had reconciled before her death. Back in Los Angeles Harry Dean was living with actress Maggie Blye and rode through the New Hollywood wave with roles in key films such as Wise Blood (1979), Alien (1979), and The Rose (1979). As bogus preacher Asa Hawks in John Huston's Wise Blood he tapped into the hard-shell fundamentalism of his rural Kentucky roots. John Carpenter's Escape from New York (1981) and Christine (1983) introduced him to a new generation of fans as did The Rose (1979) and later Pretty in Pink (1986). On the set of Francis Ford Coppola's One from the Heart (1981) he met possibly the love of his life, Rebecca De Mornay, but she would later drop him for heartthrob Tom Cruise. It was his work with European directors Ulu Grosbard in Straight Time (1978) and Bertrand Tavernier in Death Watch (1980), however, that set the stage for the greatest roles of his career.
A Repo Man and His “Tense Situations”
Authors: Atkins Joseph B.
Published: September 2021

This chapter details the production and subsequent success of writer-director Alex Cox's Repo Man (1984), the first film in which Harry Dean Stanton at least shared top billing. He was 57 and his co-star, Emilio Estevez, was 21. Cox was 29. Harry Dean got the role in part because of what Cox described as his "Old West-cadaver look," but he and the director frequently clashed during filming. Harry Dean questioned Cox's direction again and again, and often rightly so, Cox later admitted. However, they helped create an underground classic with this story of socially marginalized men who repossess cars from owners delinquent in their payments and who stumble onto the radioactive remains of aliens in the trunk of a 1962 Chevy Malibu. With its punk rock soundtrack, quirky, comic-strip-like plot, and infinitely quotable lines and gags, Repo Man established Harry Dean as one of the hippest soon-to-be sexagenarians in Hollywood.
Harry Dean the Punk Icon
Authors: Atkins Joseph B.
Published: September 2021

Repo Man and Paris, Texas firmly established Harry Dean Stanton as what one writer called "the patron saint of the edgy set." In his sixties now, he hung out with the so-called "Brat Pack"--Sean Penn, Madonna, Johnny Depp. He was partying with Robert De Niro at the Chateau Marmond the night comedian John Belushi died of a drug overdose there. Dan Tana's in West Hollywood was his favorite hangout, however, and he held court there with pals like actors Ed Begley Jr. and Dabney Coleman. The lead roles he'd expected after Paris, Texas never came, but important supporting roles did. He rejoined Sam Shepard in Fool for Love in 1985, and he widened his following with his performances in Pretty in Pink in 1986 and Martin Scorsese's The Last Temptation in 1988. More important, however, was his work with director David Lynch, including four Lynch projects in the 1990s and several more after the turn of the century. The weirdness of the Lynchian world even seemed to touch his personal life with an armed robbery at his home in 1996 and the embezzlement of his personal finances by his financial manager a few years later.
Introduction
Authors: Goan Melanie Beals
Published: September 2021

The story begins in Nashville in 1920. Laura Clay, Kentucky's most well-known is there, not to urge the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment, but rather to support anti-suffragists' efforts to defeat it. The introduction lays out why Kentucky's struggle to give women the vote matters and particularly emphasizes the ways race will influence the movement's development.
Working for Peace
Authors: Goan Melanie Beals
Published: September 2021

World War I represented a troubling predicament for suffragists. This chapter explores the ways Kentucky suffragists managed to “sneak in a little suffrage” even as they committed themselves fully to supporting American war aims.
An Instrument to Help Humanity
Authors: Goan Melanie Beals
Published: September 2021

This chapter follows Kentucky suffragists as they waited to see if the Nineteenth Amendment would win ratification. They were optimistic, hosting “citizenship schools” throughout the summer of 1920 to prepare women to use their new rights. Both political parties were courting the new voters and white suffragists and African American women played key roles at both party conventions that summer. Tennessee's ratification of the amendment meant that women across the country would go to the polls that fall and vote on issues important to women, including the League of Nations.
Epilogue
Authors: Goan Melanie Beals
Published: September 2021

The epilogue discusses Laura Clay's work after 1920, the creation of the Kentucky League of Women Voters, and assesses the limited role women have played in Kentucky politics over the past century. It also explores why the suffrage movement still maters one hundred years later.
Educating Air Forces
Authors: Meinzinger Alexander
Published: September 2021

Compared to armies and navies, which have existed as professional fighting services for centuries, the technology that makes air forces possible is much newer. As a result, these services have had to quickly develop methods of preparing aviators to operate in conditions ranging from peace or routine security to full-scale war. The first book to address the history and scope of air power professionalization through learning programs, Educating Air Forces offers valuable new insight into strategy and tactics worldwide. Here, a group of international experts examine the philosophies, policies, and practices of air service educational efforts in the United States, France, Italy, Germany, Australia, Canada, and the UK. The contributors discuss the founding, successes, and failures of European air force learning programs between the Great War and World War II and explore how the tense Cold War political climate influenced the creation, curriculum, and results of various programs. They also consider how educational programs are adapting to soldiers' needs and the demands of modern warfare. Featuring contributions from eminent scholars in the field, this volume surveys the learning approaches globally employed by air forces in the past century and evaluates their effectiveness. Educating Air Forces reveals how experiential learning and formal education are not only inextricably intertwined, but also necessary to cope with advances in modern warfare.
The Birth of the École supérieure de guerre aérienne and the Strategic Education of the French Air Force
Authors: Lespinois Jérôme de
Published: September 2021

This chapter endeavors to analyze the creation of the Regia Aeronautica in 1923, with a special focus on Italian military education and the Air Force academy, the Accademia Aeronautica. The creation of a third military service did not happen in a vacuum, but was heralded by important air power theorists. Among these, Giulio Douhet stands out as the most controversial. His book, The Command of the Air, heralded the study of airpower theory by underscoring the potentially revolutionary effect of heavier-than-air aircraft for military purposes, namely for strategic bombing. Contrary to popular belief Douhet's theories were critically debated during the 1920s and 1930s but were not universally endorsed in the Italian military community. In particular, his overarching view of the air force as an independent service ruffled more than a few feathers even in the newly-created Accademia Aeronautica.
The Education of an Air Force—A Royal Air Force Perspective
Authors: Beldon James , Gray Peter W.
Published: September 2021

This chapter argues that courses devoted to airpower and spacepower history can offer a natural addition to civilian university programs. The inclusion of such courses can also serve as an important adjunct to courses devoted to the social and cultural impacts of science and technology. In the classroom, a close reading of the writings of airpower theorists' works can reveal the social, political, and cultural assumptions that shaped each man's worldview and the technological expectations of the time. Beyond these the author argues that the study of past and contemporary uses of airpower naturally and importantly can and should lead to discussions of the ethics and morality of specific weapons systems, national strategies and warfighting generally.
The Fulcrum of Roosevelt’s Foreign Policy
Authors: Schmitz David F.
Published: September 2021

From June 1940 to March 1941, President Roosevelt put into place his war cabinet, obtained direct aid to Great Britain, and imposed a partial embargo on Japan. In the wake of the fall of France in June 1940, FDR expanded American military production and prepared for war. December and January 1941 were the fulcrum of Roosevelt’s foreign policy as he called for lend-lease aid for those fighting Germany, announced that the United States would be the “arsenal of democracy,” and set out the ideological justifications for war in defense of the four freedoms: freedom from want and fear, freedom of belief and speech. The passage of the lend-lease bill in March 1941 marked the final triumph of internationalism over neutrality.
Progress
Authors: Nicholson James C.
Published: September 2021

Chapter two explains the shutdown of racing in New York following the passage of a series of anti-gambling laws pushed by governor Charles Evans Hughes amid a national wave of Progressive Era reform. With racing banned in all but a few American jurisdictions in the early twentieth century, leading owners sent their stock to Europe. Jockeys and trainers followed. The glut of American horses flooding Great Britain sewed animosity between horsemen of the two nations. With the onset of World War I, American equestrians began a mass exodus back to the states, though resentments remained. Upon the war's conclusion, American racing would enjoy a period of rebirth as the political pendulum moved away from the Progressive spirit that had dominated American politics in the first two decades of the twentieth century and back toward a laissez-faire ethos.
Tempest
Authors: Nicholson James C.
Published: September 2021

Chapter four explores Harry Sinclair's involvement in the notorious Teapot Dome oil scandal. Republican Warren G. Harding's landslide victory in the 1920 presidential election marked a new direction in American politics, ending the Progressive Era and ushering in a pro-business climate that would further enrich men like Sinclair and facilitate the return of American horseracing to national prominence. New secretary of the interior Albert B. Fall transferred oil reserves held by the US Navy in Wyoming to Sinclair. As news of the shady deal spread, Sinclair debuted his colt Zev, named after the oilman's attorney, William Zevely, who was a facilitator of the corrupt bargain. Zev would surpass Man o' War's all-time American earnings record, and his twenty-three career wins would include scores in the Kentucky Derby, Belmont Stakes, and the Race of the Century against English champion Papyrus.
Magnificent Losers
Authors: Nicholson James C.
Published: September 2021

Chapter Seven covers the fallout from the Race of the Century. After being embraced as "magnificent losers" in America, team Papyrus returned home to a disappointed nation full of critics of the entire endeavor. The score between Zev and My Own was settled by another blockbuster event, at Latonia Race Track. Nationally, promoters capitalized on the publicity of the International Race to build support for the expansion of horseracing and legalized gambling. With his triumph in the International Race, Earl Sande had reached the height of sports celebrity. But personal and professional challenges mounted, and he would die in an Oregon nursing home, nearly forgotten by the sports industry that had made him famous. Though Sinclair's acquittal on federal bribery charges related to his Teapot Dome scheme would shock many observers, he served nearly seven months in the Washington Asylum and Jail for contempt of the Senate and jury tampering.
Jayne Mansfield
Authors: Golden Eve
Published: September 2021

Jayne Mansfield (1933−1967) was driven not just to be an actress but to be a star. One of the most influential sex symbols of her time, she was known for her platinum blonde hair, hourglass figure, outrageously low necklines, and flamboyant lifestyle. Hardworking and ambitious, Mansfield proved early in her career that she was adept in both comic and dramatic roles, but her tenacious search for the spotlight and her risqué promotional stunts caused her to be increasingly snubbed in Hollywood. In the first definitive biography of Mansfield, Eve Golden offers a joyful account of the star Andy Warhol called "the poet of publicity," revealing the smart, determined woman behind the persona. While she always had her sights set on the silver screen, Mansfield got her start as Rita Marlowe in the Broadway show Will Success Spoil Rock Hunter?. She made her film debut in the low-budget drama Female Jungle (1955) before landing the starring role in The Girl Can't Help It (1956). Mansfield followed this success with a dramatic role in The Wayward Bus (1957), winning a Golden Globe for New Star of the Year, and starred alongside Cary Grant in Kiss Them for Me (1957). Despite her popularity, her appearance as the first celebrity in Playboy and her nude scene in Promises! Promises! (1963) cemented her reputation as an outsider. By the 1960s, Mansfield's film career had declined, but she remained very popular with the public. She capitalized on that popularity through in-person and TV appearances, nightclub appearances, and stage productions. Her larger-than-life life ended sadly when she passed away at age thirty-four in a car accident. Golden looks beyond Mansfield's flashy public image and tragic death to fully explore her life and legacy. She discusses Mansfield's childhood, her many loves -- including her famous on-again, off-again relationship with Miklós "Mickey" Hargitay -- her struggles with alcohol, and her sometimes tumultuous family relationships. She also considers Mansfield's enduring contributions to American popular culture and celebrity culture. This funny, engaging biography offers a nuanced portrait of a fascinating woman who loved every minute of life and lived each one to the fullest.
1
Authors: Golden Eve
Published: September 2021

The birth (on April 19, 1933), coddled childhood and first marriage of Vera Jane Palmer, later to become Jayne Mansfield. The birth of her first child, Jayne Marie (on November 8, 1950), her college days and early theater work, leading to a change of name and hair color, and a move to Hollywood, in 1954.
10
Authors: Golden Eve
Published: September 2021

Fox sends Jayne on a publicity tour of the US and Europe, during which she showed her expertise in colorfully and deftly handling the press. She is presented to Queen Elizabeth, and upon her return to the US, she and Mickey announce their engagement.
13
Authors: Golden Eve
Published: September 2021

The publicity turns bad -- and dangerous -- when Jayne is attacked and stripped during an appearance at Rio de Janeiro's carnival in 1959. The Pink Palace continues to grow into a tribute to mid-century camp. Jayne and Mickey raise money through all sorts of sketchy side businesses and products, and appear again in Las Vegas.
28
Authors: Golden Eve
Published: September 2021

While Jayne Marie sues for emancipation from her mother, Jayne and Sam travel to Biloxi with Mickey, Jr., Zoltan and Mariska to fill a club date. Early in the morning of June 29, 1967, while driving to a New Orleans engagement, Jayne, Sam and driver Ronnie Harrison are killed in an auto crash.
29
Authors: Golden Eve
Published: September 2021

Jayne's legacy: the bizarre posthumous film The Wild, Wild World of Jayne Mansfield; the 1980 TV-movie with Loni Anderson and Arnold Schwarzenegger; Jayne's afterlife as a rock muse; the Mansfield Bar, which warns oncoming drivers to prevent the kind of accident that killed her; and what became of her husbands and children, including Mariska Hargitay's role on Law & Order: SVU. The book ends with the demolition of the Pink Palace in 2002.
1914–1918
Authors: Erish Andrew A.
Published: September 2021

This chapter encompasses the World War I years. Special attention is given to the company's role in the development of the feature film and creation of a distribution network to handle such longer productions, the relocation of Vitagraph's Los Angeles studio to Hollywood, the War's adverse impact on European profit and the company's consequent expansion of international sales to Latin America and Asia, and Vitagraph's lead in combating racial and gender prejudice through its movies. Blackton's controversial production, The Battle Cry of Peace, is profiled, conceived as propaganda in support of the Preparedness Movement that enjoyed the cooperation of top government leaders and the US military. The short-lived hostile takeover of Vitagraph by outside interests is explored in depth, as is the subsequent defection of Blackton to Paramount. The chapter concludes with Vitagraph's legal battle with fledgling producer Louis B. Mayer, which had long-term consequences for contract players.
Conclusion
Authors: Erish Andrew A.
Published: September 2021

The Conclusion summarizes of a fundamental key to Vitagraph's success. Smith and Blackton's decision to embrace the vaudeville aesthetic of providing a variety of family-friendly entertainment proved so profitable that it laid the foundation upon which the rest of the American motion picture industry was to follow for well over half a century. It is posited that Vitagraph produced a greater variety of subjects than most other companies because of the inherent differences of its founding partners, Blackton being a humanist and Smith a Christian. It is an approach that American producers have chosen not follow for several decades as motion picture attendance declines. Not only does a comprehensive history of Vitagraph correct fundamental inaccuracies to the canon, it can also serve as a blueprint for a more inclusive and profitable future.
Systematic revision of the pantropical whip spider family Charinidae Quintero, 1986 (Arachnida, Amblypygi)
Authors: Miranda Gustavo Silva de , Giupponi Alessandro P.L. , Prendini Lorenzo , Scharff Nikolaj
Published: September 2021

The whip spider family Charinidae Quintero, 1986 is the most speciose and widely distributed in the arachnid order Amblypygi Thorell, 1883. It comprises three genera and 95 species distributed across all tropical continents and the eastern Mediterranean. Despite recent advances in the taxonomy of the family, a global revision of all its species, necessary to advance understanding of its systematics, biogeography and evolution, has never been conducted. In the present contribution, the family is revised in its entirety for the first time, including all previous names and 33 new species, 24 in the genus Charinus Simon, 1892: C. alagoanus sp. nov., C. apiaca sp. nov., C. carinae sp. nov., C. carioca sp. nov., C. carvalhoi sp. nov., C. cearensis sp. nov., C. diamantinus sp. nov., C. euclidesi sp. nov., C. goitaca sp. nov., C. guayaquil sp. nov., C. imperialis sp. nov., C. loko sp. nov., C. magalhaesi sp. nov., C. miskito sp. nov., C. mocoa sp. nov., C. monasticus sp. nov., C. palikur sp. nov., C. perquerens sp. nov., C. puri sp. nov., C. renneri sp. nov., C. sooretama sp. nov., C. souzai sp. nov., C. susuwa sp. nov., C. una sp. nov.; eight in the genus Sarax Simon, 1892: S. bilua sp. nov., S. dunni sp. nov., S. gravelyi sp. nov., S. indochinensis sp. nov., S. lembeh sp. nov., S. palau sp. nov., S. rahmadii sp. nov., S. tiomanensis sp. nov.; and one in the genus Weygoldtia Miranda et al., 2018: W. consonensis sp. nov. Taxonomic keys to the 132 species (excluding four nomina dubia) are presented and several taxonomic rearrangements implemented. Four subspecies are elevated to species level: Charinus cavernicolus Weygoldt, 2006, C. elegans Weygoldt, 2006, C. longipes Weygoldt, 2006, and Sarax bispinosus (Nair, 1934). Sarax batuensis Roewer, 1962 is removed from synonymy with Sarax buxtoni (Gravely, 1915) and S. buxtoni newly synonymized with Sarax rimosus (Simon, 1901). Stygophrynus moultoni Gravely, 1915 is transferred to Sarax, resulting in Sarax moultoni (Gravely, 1915) comb. nov. Ten species are transferred from Charinus to Sarax, resulting in new combinations: S. abbatei (Delle Cave, 1986) comb. nov., S. bengalensis (Gravely, 1911) comb. nov., S. dhofarensis (Weygoldt, Pohl & Polak, 2002) comb. nov., S. ioanniticus (Kritscher, 1959) comb. nov., S. israelensis (Miranda et al., 2016) comb. nov., S. omanensis (Delle Cave, Gardner & Weygoldt, 2009) comb. nov., S. pakistanus (Weygoldt, 2005) comb. nov., S. seychellarum (Kraepelin, 1898) comb. nov., S. socotranus (Weygoldt, Pohl & Polak, 2002) comb. nov. and S. stygochthobius (Weygoldt & Van Damme, 2004) comb. nov.
Concomitant Ceftriaxone and Intravenous Calcium Therapy in Infants
Authors: Christensen Michael L. , Zareie Parya , Kadiyala Bhavya , Bursac Zoran , Reed Michael D. , Mattison Donald R. , Davis Robert L.
Published: September 2021

OBJECTIVE

To determine if increased mortality could be detected with the administration of ceftriaxone and IV calcium in infants through an analysis of a large repository of electronic health records.

METHODS

Patients were split into 3 groups: 1) neonates, 2) infants, and 3) infants <1 year whose age was not specified. Deaths were classified into mutually exclusive categories based on the administration and timing of ceftriaxone and IV calcium. Crude death rates were calculated, and logistic regression modeling was used to calculate adjusted relative odds of death with associated covariates.

RESULTS

A total of 259,149 infants were identified. Of 79,038 neonates, the proportion of patients that received ceftriaxone and IV calcium within 48 hours who died was 3.8%, compared with 1.95% (IV calcium), 0.3% (ceftriaxone), 1.54% (IV fluids), and 2.03% (parenteral nutrition). For 102,456 infants, the proportions of deaths were 5.47% (ceftriaxone and IV calcium within 48 hours), 0.45% (IV calcium), 0.15% (ceftriaxone), 0.39% (IV fluids), and 5.5% (parenteral nutrition). Multivariate analysis showed increased odds of death in infants who received ceftriaxone and IV calcium within 48 hours, regardless of age, and propensity score–matched analysis showed a more than 2-fold increased risk for death.

CONCLUSIONS

The increased risk for death following ceftriaxone and IV calcium administration was noted not only in neonates, but among older infants as well.
Optimization of Vancomycin Dosing to Achieve Target Area Under the Curve in Pediatrics
Authors: Bosley Tyler E. , Kuhn Robert J. , Gardner Brian , Autry Elizabeth B. , Fuller Madeline , Overley Colleen L.
Published: September 2021

OBJECTIVE

Vancomycin dosing requirements to achieve a target area under curve/minimum inhibitory concentration (AUC/MIC) of 400 to 600 mg•hr/L have not been established in pediatrics. Dose modeling studies and recent guidelines suggest dosing higher than historical recommendations. This study examines dosing requirements to achieve target AUC/MIC in human pediatric patients.

METHODS

This retrospective study includes 77 patients, aged 1 month to 18 years, at a single center, who received at least 2 days of intravenous vancomycin with a pharmacokinetic monitoring note and calculated AUC/MIC. Dosing to achieve target AUC/MIC was evaluated by age and indication. Nephrotoxicity was also assessed.

RESULTS

The mean dose required to achieve target AUC/MIC for all patients was 67.7 mg/kg/day. Adjusting for age, the mean dose required to achieve target AUC/MIC of 400 to 600 mg•hr/L was found to be statistically significantly different among 3 age cohorts: 1 month to 5 years, 6 to 12 years, and 13 to 18 years [F(2,74) = 15.32, p < 0.001], with mean requirements of 79 ± 14.1, 65.6 ± 21.1, and 53.9 ± 17.1 mg/kg/day, respectively. Dosing requirements were also found to be statistically significantly different across indications [F(6,70) = 4.84, p < 0.001]. Acute kidney injury was identified in 5 patients (6.5%).

CONCLUSIONS

The vancomycin dose required to achieve target AUC/MIC in pediatrics was significantly higher in younger pediatric patients and ranged from 53.9 to 79 mg/kg/day, confirming recent guideline recommendations. Doses can be further adjusted for indication. Nephrotoxicity rates remain low compared with historical rates with single trough monitoring.
Sacituzumab Govitecan for Treatment of Refractory Triple-Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: J. Fleming Jr., PharmD, BCOP Patrick , Karpio, PharmD candidate Sylvia , Lombardo, PharmD candidate Nicholas
Published: September 2021

Sacituzumab govitecan was initially approved in April 2020 under accelerated approval for the treatment of patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer who received at least two prior therapies for metastatic disease. A confirmatory phase III trial evaluating sacituzumab govitecan vs. chemotherapy of the provider’s choice was published in April 2021. Based on this trial, the FDA granted sacituzumab govitecan full regulatory approval. This antibody-drug conjugate is composed of a monoclonal antibody targeted at Trop-2 and contains the active metabolite of irinotecan, SN-38, as a cytotoxic side moiety. In a phase III clinical trial, sacituzumab govitecan demonstrated a median progression-free survival of 5.7 months vs. 1.7 months with chemotherapy. It is now an additional option for patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer who received at least two prior therapies for metastatic disease.
Sker der noget med læringdudbyttet, når undervisningssproget skiftes?
Authors: Nissen Camilla Falk Rønne , Ulriksen Lars
Published: September 2021

I takt med en øget internationalisering af de videregående uddannelser øges mængden af undervisning på engelsk på de danske universiteter. Men hvilke konsekvenser har det for kvaliteten af undervisningen? Falder læringsudbyttet, når der undervises på et sprog, der for de fleste universitetsstuderende og undervisere ikke er deres førstesprog? Denne artikel prøver gennem et litteraturreview at finde svar i den eksisterende, forskningsbaserede litteratur. Første del af reviewet identificerer interesseområder i forskningen, mens anden del gennemgår resultater fra enkelte studier med fokus på læring og deltagelse, særligt i en nordisk kontekst.

The internationalization of higher education has driven Danish universities to increase the amount of teaching in English. But what are the consequences for the quality of the education? Is the quality of the learning outcome compromised when teaching and learning activities take place in a second language? Based on a literature review of existing, research-based literature, this article tries to offer some answers to that question. The first part of the review identifies different research interests, while the second part of the review discusses results from selected studies that have focused on student learning and activity, especially within a Nordic setting.
A Student Panel Discussion to Practice Argumentation Skills
Authors: Gensowski Miriam
Published: September 2021

Economics students are used to lectures of the “chalk-and-talk” variety. In this project, I develop, describe, and evaluate a pedagogical intervention that provides students with the opportunity to practice their argumentation skills. The development of these skills is not usually part of the core curriculum. For this project, a panel discussion format is used to enable students to develop arguments using empirical evidence, and generally navigate a space where there is no single right or wrong answer. The peer-learning environment allows students to develop argumentation and evaluation skills in a setting where they receive informal formative assessment.