bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Global Elimination of HCV—Why Is Poland Still So Far from the Goal?
Authors: Tronina Olga , Panczyk Mariusz , Zarębska-Michaluk Dorota , Gotlib Joanna , Małkowski Piotr
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Eradication of HCV in the global population remains one of the greatest challenges faced by the WHO. An insufficient level of knowledge and the lack of a national screening test strategy are obstacles to HCV eradication. Aim: This work aimed to summarize surveys assessing risk factors and awareness of the respondents regarding the prevention and course of HCV infection. The summary also includes the most important European and global attempts at eliminating HCV. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional, population-based study was conducted in the Mazowieckie district in Poland using anonymous surveys and conducted on people who willingly reported for a test. Results: In the study cohort of n = 7397 adults, there were 5412 women (73.16%). The analysis of the quota sample (n = 1303) reflected the actual proportions in the population of the Mazowieckie Voivodeship. Conclusions: Insufficient knowledge about HCV decreases the probability of higher detection of infections, fast diagnostics, and treatment. According to the WHO model, assuming a 90% detection rate and treatment of 80% of infected by 2030, and taking into account 120–150 thousand infected persons in Poland, the number of detections of HCV should be increased 4–5 times and all diagnosed persons should be offered antiviral treatment.
Assessment of Precipitation and Evapotranspiration in an Urban Area Using Remote Sensing Products (CHIRP, CMORPH, and SSEBop): The Case of the Metropolitan Region of Belem, Amazon
Authors: Paca Victor Hugo da Motta , de Souza Everaldo Barreiros , Queiroz Joaquim Carlos Barbosa , Espinoza-Dávalos Gonzalo E.
Published: October 2023

The aim of this study was to assess precipitation (P) and actual evapotranspiration (ET) by analyzing data from in situ stations compared with remote sensing products. Climate Hazards Center InfraRed Precipitation (CHIRP) and Climate Prediction Center morphing technique (CMORPH) were used for P and Operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEBop) was used for ET. The P in situ data for six stations were also compared to a reference station in the city. ET was analyzed for a single in situ station. The region chosen for this study was the Metropolitan Area of Belem (MAB), close to the estuary of the Amazon River and the mouth of the Tocantins River. Belem is the rainiest state capital in Brazil, which causes a myriad of challenges for the local population. The assessment was performed using the statistical metrics root-mean-square error (RMSE), normalized root-mean-square error (NRMSE), mean bias error (MBE), coefficient of determination (R2), regression slope, and Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient (NS). For the reference station, the automatic and conventional CHIRP and CMORPH results, in mm/month, were as follows: automatic CHIRP: RMSE = 93.3, NRMSE = 0.32, MBE = −33.54, R2 = 0.7048, Slope = 0.945, NS = 0.5668; CMORPH: RMSE = 195.93, NRMSE = 0.37, MBE = −52.86, R2 = 0.6731, Slope = 0.93, NS = 0.4344; conventional station CHIRP: RMSE = 94.87, NRMSE = 0.32, MBE = −33.54, R2 = 0.7048, Slope = 0.945, NS = 0.5668; CMORPH: RMSE = 105.58, NRMSE = 0.38, MBE = −59.46 R2 = 0.7728, Slope = 1.007, NS = 0.4308. In the MAB region, ET ranges on average between 83 mm/month in the Amazonian summer and 112 mm/month in the Amazonian winter. This work concludes that, although CMORPH has a coarser resolution than CHIRP for the MAB at a monthly resolution, both remote sensing products were reliable. SSEBop also showed acceptable performance. For analyses of the consistency of precipitation time series, these products could provide more accurate information. The present study validates P and ET from remote sensing products with station data in the rain-dominated urban MAB.
Biofilm-Enhanced Natural Zeolite Material in Purification Performance for Slaughterhouse Wastewater
Authors: Mkilima Timoth , Meiramkulova Kulyash , Kydyrbekova Aliya , Bazarbayeva Tursynkul , Gulnur Daldabayeva , Aknur Zholdasbek , Shegenbayev Abzal , Nurbolat Dzhexenbayev , Oshanova Gulaina , Gulzhakhan Kaisagaliyeva
Published: October 2023

This study focuses on evaluating the efficacy of biofilm-enhanced natural zeolite for the purification of slaughterhouse wastewater. The investigation encompasses four distinct treatment methods: employing natural zeolite without biofilm, integrating biofilm into 1–2 mm particle size natural zeolite, enhancing biofilm in less than 4 mm particle size natural zeolite, and introducing biofilm in less than 8 mm particle size natural zeolite. The outcomes underscore the substantial improvement brought about by biofilm incorporation. For instance, within the natural zeolite treatment system without biofilm, the final effluent retained 28 NTU of turbidity. In contrast, utilizing the <8 mm particle size with biofilm resulted in 3.2 NTU of turbidity in the treated effluent, 2.45 NTU for the <4 mm particle size with biofilm, and 1.02 NTU for the 1–2 mm particle size zeolite system with biofilm. Notably, the achieved removal rates were significant, reaching 79.88% for natural zeolite without biofilm, 97.69% for the <8 mm particle size with biofilm, 99.27% for the <4 mm particle size with biofilm, and 98.24% for the 1–2 mm particle size zeolite system with biofilm. It is noteworthy that the removal efficiencies varied from 50 to 100% for wastewater samples subjected to the treatment system without biofilm, 65.7–100% with the <8 mm particle size biofilm, 71.4–100% with the <4 mm particle size biofilm, and 71.7–100% with the 1–2 mm particle size zeolite system biofilm. These findings collectively emphasize the pivotal role of biofilm in enhancing treatment outcomes, presenting a promising avenue for optimizing wastewater treatment efficiency.
The Effect of Salinity on N2O Emissions during Domestic Wastewater Partial Nitrification Treatment in a Sequencing Batch Reactor
Authors: Li Pengzhang , Wang Yun , Liu Yue , Wang Shuying , Peng Yongzhen
Published: October 2023

Previous studies have highlighted the salinization caused by the use of seawater to flush toilets and industrial wastewater entering the urban wastewater systems in coastal areas. Thus, in this study, the effect of salinity on N2O emissions during the partial nitrification process, as well as the emission mechanism, was investigated using a partial nitrification system of wastewater as the research object. The results showed that (1) the increase in salinity decreased the oxidation rate of NH4+ and the formation rate of NO2− during partial nitrification; (2) the increase in salinity increased the N2O emissions during NH4+ oxidation and NH2OH oxidation and decreased the formation rate of NO2−-N during hydroxylamine oxidation; (3) the total N2O emissions during hydroxylamine oxidation were less than those during ammonia nitrogen oxidation, and a greater amount of NO2− was reduced to N2 instead of N2O during hydroxylamine oxidation; and (4) a novel finding was that, during partial nitrification with the available organic matter, the N2O emissions via heterotrophic denitrification by heterotrophic bacteria should not be ignored, and the increase in salinity can increase the N2O emissions generated via heterotrophic denitrification. These results would provide a theoretical basis for reducing the N2O emissions in the wastewater treatment process.
Changes in Stormwater Quality and Heavy Metals Content along the Rainfall–Runoff Process in an Urban Catchment
Authors: Pochodyła-Ducka Ewelina , Glińska-Lewczuk Katarzyna , Jaszczak Agnieszka
Published: October 2023

Stormwater quality in an urban watershed can be influenced by several factors, including land use patterns, atmospheric deposition, and human activities. The objective of this study was to investigate spatial and temporal changes in stormwater quality and heavy metal content during the rainfall–runoff in an urban sub-catchment (30 ha) in the town of Olsztyn (NE Poland). Samples were collected from six locations along the rainfall–runoff pathway, including the following direct rainfall and runoff locations: roof runoff, surface runoff, storm collector, and the river. Parameters such as pH, specific conductivity, fluorescent dissolved organic matter (fDOM), total dissolved solids (TDS), and turbidity were measured in situ, while samples were analyzed for heavy metal content (Cu, Cr, Fe, Ni, Zn, and Pb) in the lab (ICP-OES). The results showed significant changes in water quality along the runoff. The highest concentrations of heavy metals were found in samples from a stormwater collector and surface runoff, particularly in winter and spring, due to the increased deposition of air pollutants and salt washout from roads. This study highlights the importance of monitoring stormwater quality and heavy metals in urban watersheds in terms of impacts on the river ecosystem as a recipient of stormwater. Solutions such as green infrastructure and stormwater management are proposed to mitigate the impacts of urbanization on water quality and protect the aquatic environment.
An Effective Method for Underwater Biological Multi-Target Detection Using Mask Region-Based Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Yue Zhaoxin , Yan Bing , Liu Huaizhi , Chen Zhe
Published: October 2023

Underwater creatures play a vital role in maintaining the delicate balance of the ocean ecosystem. In recent years, machine learning methods have been developed to identify underwater biologicals in the complex underwater environment. However, the scarcity and poor quality of underwater biological images present significant challenges to the recognition of underwater biological targets, especially multi-target recognition. To solve these problems, this paper proposed an ensemble method for underwater biological multi-target recognition. First, the CutMix method was improved for underwater biological image augmentation. Second, the white balance, multiscale retinal, and dark channel prior algorithms were combined to enhance the underwater biological image quality, which could largely improve the performance of underwater biological target recognition. Finally, an improved model was proposed for underwater biological multi-target recognition by using a mask region-based convolutional neural network (Mask-RCNN), which was optimized by the soft non-maximum suppression and attention-guided context feature pyramid network algorithms. We achieved 4.97 FPS, the mAP was 0.828, and the proposed methods could adapt well to underwater biological multi-target recognition. The recognition effectiveness of the proposed method was verified on the URPC2018 dataset by comparing it with current state-of-the-art recognition methods including you-only-look-once version 5 (YOLOv5) and the original Mask-RCNN model, where the mAP of the YOLOv5 model was lower. Compared with the original Mask-RCNN model, the mAP of the improved model increased by 3.2% to 82.8% when the FPS was reduced by only 0.38.
Spatiotemporal Differentiation and Influencing Factors of Frost Key Date in Harbin Municipality from 1961 to 2022
Authors: Zhang Tian-Tai , Dai Chang-Lei , Li Shu-Ling , Zhang Chen-Yao , Zhang Yi-Ding , Yu Miao
Published: October 2023

This study analyzed frost formation data provided by the Harbin Meteorological Bureau and considered geographic factors, temperature, and population density. Various analytical methods, including linear fitting, the Mann–Kendall mutation test, the Pettitt method, and the sliding t-test, were employed to identify the temporal and spatial changes as well as the effects of these factors on frost dates in Harbin. The study shows that the first FSD occurred on 18 August, in both 1966 and 1967, which was the 255th day. The latest FSD was observed on 10 October 2006, which was the 283rd day. The earliest occurrence of an FED was on 24 April 2015, which was the 114th day, and the latest was on 21 April 1974, which was the 141st day. The highest number of frost days occurred in 2012, with 161 days, whereas the shortest year was 1966, with only 123 frost days. Throughout the study period, the FSD increased by 7.8 days at a rate of −1.27d/10a, the FED increased by 10.9 days at a rate of 1.77d/10a, and the FFS increased by 18.9 days at a rate of 3.05d/10a. The propensity rates of the FSD and FFS at each location in Harbin indicate an upward trend, while for the FED, certain locations display an upward trend. In general, the FSD has exhibited a delayed trend, the FED has shown an earlier trend, and the FFS has experienced an extended trend. With one-way linear regression, the FSD exhibited an increasing trend at each site, while the FFS also indicated a similar trend, and the FED showed an overall decreasing trend. Throughout the study period, a change was observed in the FSD in 2000, resulting in an average arrival time of the 265th day, or 22 September, of that year. Subsequently, post mutation, the average arrival time of the FSD in the study area was the 272nd day, or 29 September, of that year. In 2006, the FED also underwent a change, with the average arrival time in the study area being the 128th day, or 4 April, of that year. After the change, the average arrival time of the FED in the study area was the 121st day, i.e., 8 April. In 1 April 2004 of that year saw a change in the FFS. Prior to the change, the FFS in the study area averaged the 137th day, whilst following the change, the FFS in the study area averaged the 150th day. The FSD and FFS within Harbin exhibit a negative correlation with latitude and a positive correlation with temperature. Additionally, the FED displays a positive correlation with latitude and a negative correlation with temperature. As the FSD, FED, and FFS in central Harbin are the earliest, latest, and longest, the Pearson correlation coefficient method and multiple regression cannot adequately reflect the effect of longitude.
A Method for Calculating Water Demand for Sediment Transport Based on the Principles of River Dynamics
Authors: Hou Lin , Zhang Hongwu , Li Linqi , Zhao Junchi , Li Xiji
Published: October 2023

Sufficient water is pivotal in maintaining the stability of boundaries in sandy river systems. However the current methodologies employed for computing the water demand for sediment transport in rivers frequently neglect this component. This research utilizes data spanning 1960 to 2020 from seven principal hydrological stations located in the lower Yellow River to establish the correlation between key factors pertaining to the sediment transport capacity of flow. A closed equation system was established based on the principles of river dynamics to solve unknown hydraulic parameters. Finding a suitable hydraulic geometric relationship equation as a supplementary equation is a key step in constructing a closed equation system. The findings indicate that sediment transport water demands are 71.79, 133.24, 226.89, 286.12, and 313.6 × 108 m3, respectively, when sediment inflow is at 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 × 108 t, with a bankfull discharge of 4000 m3/s. As the sediment inflow diminishes and the unit water demand for sediment transport increases, the sediment transport efficiency of the lower Yellow River reduces. The outcomes of this research can serve as a foundation for the joint operation of the Yellow River’s main and branch reservoirs, as well as for designing water resource allocation schemes within the basin.
Micrometeorological Analysis and Glacier Ablation Simulation in East Kunlun
Authors: Wang Weisheng , Sun Meiping , Che Yanjun , Yao Xiaojun , Zhang Mingjun , Niu Shuting
Published: October 2023

Worldwide, there are great challenges for meteorological monitoring and glacier ablation monitoring in high-altitude mountain areas. It is often difficult to capture fine-scale climate and glacial changes in high-altitude mountainous areas due to the harsh natural environment and the extreme lack of observational sites. Based on high-altitude meteorological stations erected on the eastern shore of Aqikkule Lake (AQK) and at the terminus of Shenshechuan Glacier (SSG), as well as on mass balance data from SSG, the characteristics and correlation of temperature, solar radiation, relative humidity, precipitation, wind speed and direction of the two regions, and the mass balance in the ablation area of SSG from 30 May 2022 to 18 May 2023 were analyzed, and the average melting depth of SSG was simulated. The results indicate the following: (1) The average annual temperature of AQK and the terminus of SSG is −3.7 °C and −7.7 °C, respectively, and the vertical lapse rate of temperature in the summer half of the year is greater than that in the winter half of the year. Precipitation timing has a great influence on daily temperature differences. (2) Precipitation in both places is concentrated in summer; the glaciers in this area are of the summer recharge type, and precipitation has a significant reducing effect on the solar incident radiation and increases the relative humidity in this region. (3) AQK and SSG both have local circulation development, in the area of AQK all year round due to the lake effect, while the terminus of SSG only has the development of valley winds in the summer, being controlled in the winter by the westerly wind belt. (4) The average mass balance value of the ablation area of SSG was −1786 mm as measured by the range poles method. The average annual ablation depth of SSG simulated by using the empirical formula was 587–597 mm, which is not large compared with other glacier areas in the Tibetan Plateau, and it has the characteristics of typical continental-type glaciers.
Enrichment Mechanism of Lithium in Geothermal Waters from a Bedrock Reservoir in Xiong’an New Area, China
Authors: Li Jun , Zhang Hanxiong , Zhang Yinmei , Wang Laibin , Zhang Zhigang
Published: October 2023

The lithium concentrations in the geothermal waters of the Wumishan Formation carbonate reservoir in China Xiong’an New Area are over 1 mg/L and are even higher than those in the geothermal waters of granite reservoirs in some areas of China. It is still unknown which are the most important factors controlling the lithium concentrations in the geothermal waters in the study area. This article selected the analysis and test data of 32 geothermal water samples obtained in recent years from the study area and combined them with hydrochemical analysis and test data from granite reservoirs in other regions of China to study the enrichment mechanism of lithium in the geothermal waters in the study area. The results of the hydrochemical data analysis indicate that the lithology, pH, and water–rock interaction between geothermal water and carbonate rocks are not the main factors affecting the lithium concentrations in the study area. The mixing of paleo-seawater and the leaching of the evaporated rocks formed by it are the most important factors controlling the lithium concentrations in the study area, and temperature is also an important factor affecting the lithium concentrations. The research results are of great significance to the study of the enrichment mechanism of lithium in geothermal waters and the formation mechanism of geothermal waters in similar areas around the world.
Multi-Dimensional Collaborative Operation Model and Evaluation of Cascade Reservoirs in the Middle Reaches of the Yellow River
Authors: Li Xinjie , Wang Qiang , Wang Yuanjian , Zhang Hongtao , Li Jieyu , Li Donglin
Published: October 2023

Reservoir operation optimization is a technical measure for flood control and is beneficial owing to its reasonable and reliable control and application of existing water conservancy and hydropower hubs, while ensuring dam safety and flood control, as well as the normal operation of power supply and water supply. Considering the beneficial functions of reservoirs, namely flood control and ecological protection, this paper firstly established a two-objective optimal operation model for the reservoir group in the middle reaches of the Yellow River. We aim to maximize the average output of the cascade reservoir group and minimize the average change in ecological flow during the operation period under efficient sediment transport conditions, with the coordination degree of water and sediment as the constraints of reservoir discharge flows. The paper aims to construct an evaluation index system for reservoir operation schemes, apply a combined approach of objective and subjective evaluations, and introduce the gray target and cumulative prospect theories. By uniformly quantifying the established scheme evaluation index system, screening the reservoir operation schemes with the fuzzy evaluation method, and selecting the recommended scheme for each typical year, this paper provides a new scientific formulation of the operation schemes of reservoirs in the middle reaches of the Yellow River. The selected schemes are compared with actual data, demonstrating the effectiveness of joint reservoir operation and for multidimensional benefits in terms of power generation, ecology, and flood control.
Regionalization of Eastern Europe through block structures on the example of the Three Seas Initiative
Authors:   Consular Service Department Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Aff airs of Russia Moscow, Konanykhin I. А.
Published: October 2023

The author analyzes the situation around the "Three Seas" initiative in the context of the regionalization process of modern Europe, assessing the current position of Poland as a leading member of the project and a potential regional leader, and considers the likely scenarios of further steps towards depolarization of the region, including the possibility of establishing relations between Russia and the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, which have historically been united. Also, the author makes an assumption about the nature of changes and processes of international relations in the EU countries, under the conditions of polarization of the political climate in the region, which will lead to the growth of interethnic crisis. The article pays attention to the issues of choice of path and self-identifi cation of the former Eastern bloc states that found themselves dependent on the Western countries led by the United States of America. The Polish Republic's realization of its own potential, coupled with its ambitions to achieve regional leadership, gives hope for the revision of relations and cultural and historical ties with the countries of Central and Eastern Europe. The author off ers a number of conclusions on the role and potential of the Trimorje Initiative within the characteristics of a polycentric world.
Iran-Arab Relations: A Brief History and the Present in the Conditions of the Western Issued Global Disorder
Authors:   Institute of Current International Problems Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, Moscow, Mustafabeyli A. M.
Published: October 2023

Iranians identify themselves with the Aryans, heirs of the great empires of Achaemenids and Sassanids, poets — philosophers of the Middle Ages — Saadi, Hafez, Ferdowsi, Khayyam, recognized throughout the world. The state religion of Iran is Shiism. The Arabs, who imposed Islam, destroyed the Persian civilization. Being Sunnis, they do not recognize Iran's leadership in the Shiite community and, moreover, in the Muslim world, they seek to restrain Tehran's ambitions, they consider Shiism a heresy. At the same time, the Iranians, like the Arabs, were aware and understand now the need for normal constructive relations that correspond to the Middle East and international realities. In this context, the countries of the Near and Middle East came to the conclusion that in the current conditions of geopolitical and economic turmoil that arose as a result of the war of the West against Russia, one should independently, by joint efforts, achieve long-term stability and sustainable economic development. In order to solve this problem, it was important to overcome the confrontation between two infl uential regional powers — Iran and Saudi Arabia. China, which has signifi cant fi nancial and technological resources and enjoys international prestige, was chosen as a partner and mediator. Russia also played a positive role, maintaining mutually benefi cial ties with both Iran and the Arab states. On March 10 2023 in Peking an agreement was reached between Tehran and Riyadh to restore diplomatic relations. The Iranian-Saudi reconciliation caused a positive reaction and led to the advancement of the solution of the Syrian, Yemeni and other problems, the stabilization of the situation in Iraq and Lebanon. It is difficult to predict how the situation in the Middle East will develop, but the Arabs' desire for independence and their rapprochement with Iran is in Russia's interests.
China's policy in Africa: the role of the strategy of “soft power”
Authors:   Representative Office of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia in Mineralnye Vody, Gulyants V. V. ,   Pyatigorsk State University
Published: October 2023

Within the framework of the modern system of international relations, China is turning into one of the world's leading centers of power. This process is inextricably linked with the strengthening of its own positions in those regions of the world that are of paramount importance for Beijing. Undoubtedly, Africa is one such region. The article is devoted to the study of the strategy of "soft power" in the foreign policy of modern China in relation to African countries. In view of the growing role of the African direction in the foreign policy concept of the PRC, relations with the states of Africa are considered as part of the strategy of the new world order, in which the tools of "soft power" acquire signifi cant importance. Despite the fact that, fi rst of all, in international relations, attention is focused on the use of “hard power” by states, and the relevance of the “economic power” factor is also increasing, the influence of “soft power” tools is still noticeably increasing. Within the framework of this study, special attention is paid to the description of the implementation of the concept of "soft power" in Beijing's African policy in such areas as education, science, culture, and healthcare. An analysis of Chinese diasporas is presented as one of the key tools of "soft power" with Chinese characteristics. The aspect of the infl uence of the Chinese side on the information space and the media in the African region is considered separately. Given the growing role of the "Celestial Empire" on the world stage, special attention is paid to the transformation of the concept of China's "soft power" into "discursive power". The article presents the main activities of the PRC within the framework of this strategy.
Russia-Europe: What we have in common and what distinguishes us: the answer to the question of Russian philosofas, historians and writers
Authors:   Department of Diplomacy and Consular Service of the FSBEI HE ", Vinokurov V. I. ,   Diplomatic Academy Ministry of Foreign Aff airs of the Russian Federation",   , Moscow
Published: October 2023

Russia–EU relations are going through difficult times now. By its actions on the eve and during the Ukrainian crisis, the European Union has called into question its reputation as a reliable partner of our country. A serious blow to the relations was infl icted by unilateral sanctions decisions of the European Union, adopted to the detriment of mutual economic interests in the name of promoting the same geopolitical goals. The events of recent months have shown that the dynamically developing trade and economic ties between Russia and the EU have not yet developed into a genuine strategic partnership based on the principles of equality, indivisibility of security and mutual respect for interests. The outdated confrontational stereotypes of the Cold War, which instilled in the minds of European leaders the possibility of isolating Russia and abolishing Russian culture, are still making themselves felt. This article contains an answer to the question about the relations between Russia and Europe, which was previously heard from the lips of prominent representatives of the Russian creative intelligentsia, whose opinion is relevant today.
TO THE IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF VALVE SPRINGS RESTORING ELASTICITY ON AUTOMOTIVE ENGINES PERFORMANCE
Authors:   North-Caucasus Federal University, ZEMLYANUSHNOV N.A. , RADCHENKO S.Y. ,   Orel State University, DOROHOV D.O. ,   Orel State University, ZEMLYANUSHNOVA N.Y. ,   North-Caucasus Federal University
Published: October 2023

Technologies of VAZ cars internal valve springs restoration and results of their experimental substantiation are presented. According to t results of known experimental studies, dependence has been established characterizing the effect of valve springs elasticity loss on the nominal effective engine power. The influence of developed technologies on the rate of fall nominal effective power of engine due to relaxation of the timing springs is estimated.
COMPARISON OF METHODS FOR ASSESSING THE SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT AFTER THE IMPLEMENTATION OF BUS RAPIDTRANSIT SYSTEMS (BRTS)
Authors:   SaintPetersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, MIKHNEVICH I.M.
Published: October 2023

According to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, adopted by all Member States of the United Nations, one of the goals of sustainable development is the desire to «make cities and human settlements open, safe, viable and sustainable». This goal includes such concepts as «sustainable transport»and «sustainable cities and settlements». By developing environmentally safe passenger transport, the city ensures a high level of economic growth with the possibility of preserving the environment, contributing to the establishment of regional transport links. Modern research in the field of the impact of bus rapid transit systems (BRTS) on the sustainable urban de-velopment proves the possibility of joint development of passenger transport and adjacent urban areas, which allows achieving significant results in solving the problems of sustainable develop-ment.
MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF THE PROCESS OF A COMBINED LEVER AND ELECTROMAGNETIC SYSTEM OF LATERAL STABILIZATION
Authors:   Bauman Moscow State Technical University (Branch), SIDOROV V.N. , NAING WIN TINT ,   Bauman Moscow State Technical University (Branch), ALAKIN V.M. ,   Bauman Moscow State Technical University (Branch)
Published: October 2023

The article developed a block diagram and mathematical models of the processes of the lever-electromagnetic system of lateral stabilization in order to analyze the change in the roll angle of the GAZelle NEXT all-metal van during curvilinear movement with a lever stabilizer (without EMC) and using a system of lever-electromagnetic stabilization (with EMC). Modeling of a lever-electromagnetic transverse stabilization system with and without EMS in the Matlab&Simulink system is presented. As a result of modeling curvilinear motion, the effectiveness of using a lever-electromagnetic stabilization system (EMS) was proved in comparison with lever stabilizers (with-out EMS) based on a comparison of roll angles.
MODERN METHODS IN THE REPAIR AND RESTORATION OF MACHINE PARTS TO IMPROVE THE EFFICIENCY OF THE TRANSPORT AND ROAD COMPLEX
Authors:   Belgorod State Technological University, POLSHIN A.A. , LUBIMYI N.S. ,   Belgorod State Technological University, SEMENOV I.V. ,   Russian University of Transport (MIIT), MALTSEV A.K. ,   Belgorod State Technological University
Published: October 2023

An experimental study of the technological process of obtaining a composite ABS - a metal-polymer part is considered. A method and device for the manufacture of composite parts based on the method of vacuum suction of a viscous metal polymer into a shell form are described. Recommendations are given on the technological modes of filling the mold, taking into account the presence of vibration in the process of filling the mold with a metal polymer, as well as the Reynolds number parameter for establishing a laminar flow of the metal polymer in the technological mold cavities. The study of the strength of the designed composite part was carried out using the finite element method of the APM FEM module. The calculations of the strength and stiffness of parts made of ABS, metal-polymer and metal made it possible to compare the strength characteristics of parts made by various methods. Relevant recommendations are given on the use of a composite part reinforced with a metal-polymer in the field of mechanical engineering.
INVESTIGATION OF THE HETEROGENEITY OF DYNAMIC INDICATORS OF PASSENGER CARS TO IMPROVE THE EFFICIENCY OF URBAN TRANSPORT SYSTEMS
Authors:   Belgorod State Technological University, LOKTIONOVA A.G. , SHEVTSOVA A.G. ,   Belgorod State Technological University, KOPYLOVA E.V. ,   Russian University of Transport (RUT (MIIT)), SHCHETININ N.A. ,   Belgorod State Technological University
Published: October 2023

For more than twenty years, the number of registered vehicles has been increasing in the Russian Federation, and the traffic flow of urban transport systems mostly consists of passenger cars, which is about 90% of the total number of vehicles in the flow. During this period, the brands of passenger cars that are characteristic of various districts of the Russian Federation have also undergone major changes. Every year passenger vehicles are modified, their technical and dynamic characteristics are improved, which in turn have an impact on the process of moving cars in the flow and the saturation flow as a whole. In this article, the dynamic indicators of passenger cars that influence the functioning of urban traffic flows are considered and determined.
METHODOLOGY OF ORGANIZATION OF PARKING OF CARS FOR INDIVIDUAL USE OF RESIDENTS OF MULTI-STOREY RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS
Authors:   Irkutsk National Research Technical University, BRYANSKIKH T.B.
Published: October 2023

The article considers the dependences of quantitative characteristics of the functioning of residential multi-storey buildings. The results of the analysis of experimental data on transport services for residents of multi-storey buildings are presented. The dependences between such factors as the area of the object, the average proportion of visitors using individual transport for individual use, the average duration of parking and the required parking area of multi-storey residential buildings are determined. The article presents the developed mathematical dependence, with the help of which the required parking space area is calculated, which takes into account the duration of parking, the specific generation of correspondence, the proportion of visitors on individual transport and its filling.
SIMULATION OF THE ELEMENTS OF PROFESSIONAL INTUITIONIN HUMAN-MACHINE SYSTEMS FOR SOLVING THE PROBLEMSOF OPERATIONAL MANAGEMENT OF RAILWAY TRANSPORT
Authors:   Rostov State Transport University (RSTU), CHEBOTAREVA E.A.
Published: October 2023

The necessity of developing mechanisms for translating the natural intelligence of a specialist-expert into decision-making subsystems in the operational management of rail transportation is substantiated. The necessary categorical apparatus of research has been clarified and systematized, including the concepts of natural and artificial intelligence, complex decision-making procedures, intuition as applied to the problem of decision-making in the management of transport systems.The problems of organizational and technological reliability of the functioning of intelligent transport systems, namely, the synthesis of human and machine intelligence in decision-making blocks, are disclosed. A review of mathematical tools for modeling intuition is given.
FEATURES OF ACCIDENT ANALYSIS INVOLVING PEDESTRIANS ON THE TERRITORY OF THE BELGOROD REGION
Authors:   Belgorod State Technological University, KUSHCHENKO L.E. , KAMBUR A.S. ,   Belgorod State Technological University
Published: October 2023

A detailed analysis of traffic accidents involving pedestrians for 2018-2022 was made. in the Belgorod region. The distribution of collisions with pedestrians was revealed by days of the week, by months, by the place of the incident, by the types of pedestrian crossings. The main offenses of drivers and pedestrians are indicated, as a result of which a traffic accident occurs. Listed preventive organizational and technical measures to improve the safety of pedestrians.
PROMISING METHODS OF IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF PASSENGER SERVICE AT TRAIN STATION COMPLEXES
Authors:   Russian University of transport, YAKUSHEVA U.A. , NOVIKOV A.N. ,   Orel State University I.S. Turgenev, SHEVTSOVA A.G. ,   Belgorod State Technological University
Published: October 2023

The article analyzes the main methods used to ensure the quality of passenger service at railway complexes, it is necessary to comply with the basic standards for the design and provision of services in the territories of developing countries within the framework of modern international and international law that support safety factors (for example, sanitary standards, the ability to move around ways). and the risk of suicide), as well as maintenance standards for transport em-ployment facilities (for example, snow removal and maintenance of station technical equipment).
IMPROVING THE SAFETY OF MOTOR VEHICLE OPERATION, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT DRIVER RELIABILITY INDICATORS
Authors:   State Technical University, BASKOV V.N. , IGNATOV A.V. ,   State Technical University, NEVOLIN A.A. ,   State Technical University
Published: October 2023

The article considers the influence of driver reliability indicators on the risk of road accidents, as well as factors affecting the reliability indicator itself. The main causes of accidents in the share ratio are analyzed. The paper considers the general principle of the system of monitoring the psychophysiological state of the driver. A concept of informational warning other road users about the reduction of reliability indicators for the driver of a particular motor vehicle is proposed, especially for trucks and buses, performing long-distance trips.
PROCESS MODEL OF QUALITY ASSURANCE IN THE SYSTEM OF FUNCTIONING OF AN UNMANNED VEHICLE
Authors:   Ulyanovsk State Technical University, EPIFANOV V.V. , OBSHIVALKIN M.Yu. ,   Ulyanovsk State Technical University
Published: October 2023

The article presents a basic model of quality assurance and management processes in the system of functioning of an unmanned vehicle. The model shows the relationship of all processes that allow to implement the requirements of consumers. A functional model of the main process «To ensure quality in the system of functioning of an unmanned vehicle» is presented. The purpose of constructing a functional model of this process is to determine all the components that affect the quality of customer service in transportation by unmanned vehicles.
IMPROVING ORGANIZATION TECHNOLOGICAL TRANSPORT
Authors:   Lipetsk State Technical University, RIZAEVA YU.N. , SUKHATERINA S.N. ,   Lipetsk State Technical University, PUPYSHEV M.V. ,   Novolipetsk Steel Company, SAVVIN YU.V. ,   Novolipetsk Steel Company
Published: October 2023

The authors propose a mechanism aimed at improving the planning and organization of technological transportation at the enterprise, which allows the most efficient use of its own and attracted fleet of rolling stock. The application of the mechanism makes it possible to increase the efficiency of the operation of vehicles through the use of a new approach in the appointment and control of applications with the introduction of a set of services supported by the base of own and attracted vehicles. Synchronization of rolling stock and loading/unloading points will reduce non-technological downtime of vehicles.
IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF TECHNICAL OPERATION OF QUARRY MOTOR TRANSPORT
Authors:   Belgorod State Technological University, SEMYKINA A.S. , ZAGORODNY N.A. ,   Belgorod State Technological University, KONEV А.А. ,   Belgorod State Technological University
Published: October 2023

The paper considers the main measures aimed at improving the efficiency of technical operation of quarry road transport. It is established that in order to increase the engine life and reduce the time and material costs of mining and processing plants, it is necessary to use restored parts for repair, have one backup engine in the working capital of the enterprise for repair, use the developed structure of repair with effective frequency, volume and content of work, as well as apply a non-brake run-in of the engine after repair.
DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGICAL MODULAR UNIT BASED ON A ALL-WHEEL WHEELED TRACTOR
Authors:   Kaluga Branch of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University, SYSENKO N.G. , PONOMAREV A.I. ,   Kaluga Branch of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University, BULYCHEV V.V. ,   Kaluga Branch of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University, SIDOROV S.V. ,   Kaluga Branch of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University
Published: October 2023

The modular structure of an agricultural technological unit, consisting of an energy-saturated wheeled tractor, aggregated by a trailer with an individual drive of the leading propellers and a technological machine (disk harrow) when performing agrotechnological operations, is con-sidered, using the example of tillage with disks. A mathematical model of the transmission of a four-wheel drive tractor in combination with a trailer equipped with an individual drive of propellers is presented. A possible algorithm for the control system of this unit is described. A general structural model of an agricultural technological unit is proposed.
INFLUENCE OF UDS PARAMETERS ON THE FORMATION OF ACCIDENT CONCENTRATION SITES
Authors:   Saratov State Technical University, BASKOV V.N. , ISAEVA E.I. ,   Saratov State Technical University
Published: October 2023

When considering the places of concentration of road accidents, it is possible to determine the main factors affecting their formation. These factors are divided into four main categories, which form the system «Driver, car, road, environment». The basis for the analysis and reduction of accidents on the roads is to identify the causes of accidents. The analysis of the factors influencing the occurrence of places of concentration of accidents is carried out. The main reasons for the formation of places of concentration of accidents in the city of Saratov and the Saratov region are analyzed. The dependences between the parameters of the UDS and the occurrence of an accident are considered
MODELING OF THE TRAJECTORIES OF RIDERS AND PASSENGERS OF TWO-WHEELED MOTOR VEHICLESFOR THE PROBLEMS OF RECONSTRUCTION OF THE ACCIDENT MECHANISM
Authors:   Saint-Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, BRYLEV I.S. , EVTYUKOV S.A. ,   Saint-Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering
Published: October 2023

A model-oriented solution for the reconstruction of the trajectories of movements of the motorcycle driver and passenger bodies during a collision is considered. The results of estimation of injuries at dumping depending on the speed at the moment of contact are presented. Suggestions for accounting the received results in working out measures on reduction of traumatism within the limits of expert prevention of accidents with participation of motorcyclists are given.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE URBAN DRIVING CYCLE METHODOLOGY
Authors:   Kaluga Branch of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University, NI LIN ZAR , SIDOROV V.N. ,   Kaluga Branch of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University
Published: October 2023

The article proposes a computational and experimental method for obtaining a typical urban driving cycle with the possibility of its adjustment, taking into account the specifics of the route and time of day, using the example of the city of Kaluga. To construct a driving cycle, a repre-sentative driving cycle is generated using the K-means method. Computing systems MATLAB and Microsoft Excel were used for calculations. The results show that this driving cycle is more repre-sentative of actual driving than the other cycles. Using this representative driving cycle, fuel con-sumption and exhaust emissions can be estimated, as well as an analysis of hybrid driving strategy and electric vehicle energy management for the city of Kaluga.
IMPROVEMENT OF THE METHOD OF DETERMINING THE VEHICLE SPEED FROM VIDEO MATERIALS DURING ROAD TRANSPORT EXAMINATIONS
Authors:   St. Petersburg state University of architecture and civil engineering, EVTYUKOV S.A. , EVTYUKOV S.S. ,   St. Petersburg state University of architecture and civil engineering, VOROZHEIKIN I.V. ,   St. Petersburg state University of architecture and civil engineering
Published: October 2023

Experimental studies have been carried out to determine the vehicle speed from video materials during the reconstruction of an accident and an improved method based on the recognition of quadrangular objects has been proposed.
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MXene Sphere for Aqueous Ion Storage
Authors: Li Xinliang , Li Mian , Xu Wenyu , Huang Zhaodong , Liang Guojin , Yang Qi , Huang Qing , Zhi Chunyi
Published: October 2023

Despite the remarkable ion-hosting capability of MXenes, their electrochemical performance is restricted to the ion shuttle barrier stemming from the capacious surface and the sluggish chemical activity of intrinsic transition metal layers. Herein, we construct a vertically aligned array of V
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flakes utilizing a carbon sphere template (V
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@CS), with the interlayer galleries outward facing the external electrolyte, to shorten the diffusion length and mitigate the ion shuttle barrier. Moreover, we leverage the high sensitivity of V
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flakes to the water–oxygen environment, fully activating the masked active sites of transition metal layers in an aqueous environment via continuous electrochemical scanning. Aqueous V
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@CS/Zn battery delivers a novel capacity enhancement over 42,000 cycles at 10 A g
−1
. After activation, the capacity reaches up to 409 mAh

g

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at 0.5 A g
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and remains at 122 mAh

g

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at 18 A g
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. With a 0.95-V voltage plateau, the energy density of 330.4 Wh

kg

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surpasses previous records of aqueous MXene electrodes.
A SOC Estimation Method for Li-Ion Batteries under High-Rate Pulse Conditions based on AO-BPNN Model
Authors: Fu Zhicheng , Sun Bingxiang , Gong Jie , Gong Minming , Zhao XinZe , Ma Shichang
Published: October 2023

The estimation of state of charge (SOC) in lithium-ion batteries is important for ensuring the safe and stable operation of battery systems. Under high-rate pulse conditions, the characteristics of short discharge time, high frequency, large current, strong interference, and complex transient characteristics that make lithium-ion batteries exhibit marked nonlinear characteristics. The existing battery management system has difficulties in capturing the rising and falling edge data of the pulses due to limitations in the sampling frequency. The short idle time makes it challenging to obtain accurate open-circuit voltage, and there are difficulties in identifying the model parameters. Therefore, using a combination of coulomb counting method, open-circuit voltage correction method, and Kalman filtering method to estimate SOC poses certain challenges. This study applies backpropagation neural network (BPNN) combined with Aquila optimizer (AO) algorithm to estimate SOC under high-rate pulse conditions, and experimental verification is performed using special 3-Ah lithium iron phosphate battery. We compared the estimation accuracy of the AO-BPNN model for SOC with the BPNN, support vector machine, extreme learning machine, and Fuzzy neural network models and verified the superiority of AO-BPNN. Furthermore, by utilizing data with larger acquisition intervals, we obtained accurate evaluation results and reduced the data requirements. The effectiveness of the assessment of AO-BPNN was individually verified under different high-rate pulse conditions and different static times through pulse experiments conducted under 9 operating conditions, with the estimation error controlled within 5%. Finally, the robustness of the proposed model was validated using test data with different sampling intervals and random measurement errors.