bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tanggung Jawab Terhadap Pihak Ketiga dalam Pengoperasian Pesawat Udara Tanpa Awak di Indonesia
Authors: Ardes Runggu Prilia
Published: August 2020

Sejak tahun 2015, Kementerian Perhubungan telah mengupayakan pengaturan mengenai pesawat udara tanpa awak melalui Peraturan Menteri Perhubungan Nomor 180 Tahun 2015 tentang Pengendalian Pengoperasian Sistem Pesawat Udara Tanpa Awak di Ruang Udara yang Dilayani Indonesia jo Peraturan Menteri Perhubungan Nomor 47 Tahun 2016. Namun, dalam peraturan ini secara eksplisit tidak mengatur tanggung jawab kepada pihak ketiga, padahal kegiatan pengoperasian UAV ini memiliki resiko yang cukup tinggi terhadap kecelakaan. Tulisan ini akan mengkaji pengaturan tanggung jawab yang dianut oleh negara-negara dan membandingkannya dengan Indonesia melalui metodologi yuridis normatif. Meskipun telah mengatur tentang asuransi dan sanksi administratif, masih terdapat kekurangan dalam peraturan ini karena sifatnya yang masih preventif dan belum represif. Selain itu, tidak adanya penunjukkan secara langsung mengenai siapa yang bertanggung jawab menjadi salah satu isu penting. Oleh karena itu, demi menghindari kekosongan hukum, perlu dilakukan penyempurnaan, seperti pengaturan lebih lanjut tentang aspek kegagalan operasional atau kecelakaan belum diatur.
Masalah Definisi dan Delimitasi Antariksa
Authors: Mardianis
Published: August 2020

Masalah definisi dan delimitasi antariksa mulai dibahas pada sidang United Nations AdHoc Committee for the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space tahun 1959, namun sampai dengan sidang tahun 2016 tidak dapat diselesaikan dan disepakati, sehingga tetap menjadi agenda sidang pada tahun selanjutnya. Tulisan ini dengan menggunakan metode historis dan yuridis normatif akan menganalisis tentang kecenderungan pengaturan masalah definisi dan delimitasi antariksa, serta posisi Indonesia terhadap masalah tersebut. Berdasarkan hasil analisis ada kecenderungan bahwa pengaturan masalah definisi dan delimitasi antariksa akan diselesaikan dengan mengatur secara khusus jenis atau fungsi teknologi wahana tertentu atau pendekatan fungsional yang bersifat spesifik. Sedangkan posisi Indonesia pada awalnya cenderung berubah-ubah dengan menyatakan bahwa ada batas spasial yang sesuai dengan kesepakatan internasional. Semenjak disahkannya UndangUndang Nomor 21 tahun 2013 tentang Keantariksaan secara tegas menyatakan pendekatan spasial. Jika dibandingkan antara kecenderiungan internasional dan posisi Indonesia mencerminkan perbedaan mendasar yang signifikan.
Pemilihan Lokasi Pembangunan Bandar Antariksa di Kabupaten Biak Numfor dan Kabupaten Pulau Morotai Ditinjau dari Kelayakan Politis
Authors: Nasution Husni , Rafikasari Astri
Published: August 2020

Hasil kajian awal yang telah dilakukan terhadap beberapa alternatif lokasi di wilayah kedaulatan Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia (NKRI) untuk pembangunan Bandar Antariksa, bahwa Kabupaten Biak Numfor dan Kabupaten Pulau Morotai merupakan wilayah yang paling baik untuk dijadikan suatu lokasi pembangunan Bandar Antariksa. Namun, kajian kelayakan politis terhadap kedua lokasi tersebut belum dilakukan. Makalah ini mengkaji dua alternatif lokasi pembangunan Bandar Antariksa tersebut ditinjau dari kelayakan politis. Tujuannya adalah memilih satu yang terbaik untuk dijadikan lokasi pembangunan Bandar Antariksa. Metoda yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif dan dianalisis dengan deskriptif komparasi terhadap kedua alternatif lokasi tersebut yang ditinjau dari kelayakan politis. Data yang digunakan dalam kajian adalah data skunder yang diperoleh melalui studi kepustakaan dengan menggunakan berbagai referensi, baik media cetak maupun elektronik. Hasil analisis menunjukkan, bahwa ditinjau dari kelayakan politis bahwa lokasi di wilayah Kabupaten Pulau Morotai Maluku Utara lebih layak dipilih dibandingkan dengan wilayah di Kabupaten Biak Numfor Papua untuk pembangunan Bandar Antariksa.
Analysis of the Use of Antibiotics in Diarrhea Patients Hospitalization in Internal Disease at RSUP Persahabatan
Authors: Meila Okpri , Nurmutiya Nurmutiya , V Atika
Published: August 2020

Diarrhea is defecation with consistency of liquid (diarrhea) 3 times or more in one day (24 hours). Diarrhea is classified as acute diarrhea and chronic diarrhea. Based on data from the World Health Organization (WHO) there are 2 billion cases of diarrhea in adults worldwide every year. Diarrhea caused by bacteria (arising from heat and simtomsistemic), then the appropriate antibiotic drugs are given. Empirical administration of antibiotics can be done, but specific antibiotic therapy is given based on culture and germ resistance. The study design used descriptive method with cross sectional design. Data retrieval is done retrospectively from medical records. The data is analyzed quantitatively by calculating the DDD formula (Defined Daily Dose) and qualitatively by looking at the accuracy of the selection of antibiotic types, doses and length of antibiotic administration. Based on the results of the study in May-August 2018, 90 samples were included in inclusion. The results of quantitative analysis with DDD / 100 patient days were obtained by Ciprofloxacin iv (34.44) with the highest antibiotic DDD value. The results of the qualitative analysis were based on the exact indication (100%), the right dose (97.08%) and the exact duration of administration (46.26%).
José de Letamendi: fundamento de su ciencia y causa de su desprestigio
Authors: Cervantes Emilio
Published: August 2020

José de Letamendi ha recibido un trato variado a lo largo de la historia con críticas negativas de Baroja, Marañón y Laín Entralgo. Dada la relevancia del segundo y su amistad con Baroja, buena parte de la crítica negativa puede tener su origen en su relación personal con Baroja, de quien Letamendi fue profesor y a quien suspendió en la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Madrid. Pero Letamendi fue un erudito y su amplia labor científica tuvo un fundamento explícito. La base religiosa de Letamendi y su profundo conocimiento de la Filosofía de la Ciencia se ponen de manifiesto en el discurso de apertura del curso 1878-1879 en la Universidad de Barcelona.  Al contrario de lo que expresó Baroja, Letamendi tenía ideas muy firmes sobre la ciencia que, en el panorama científico actual, es necesario poner de relieve junto con las características principales de su mentalidad científica.
Etnis Bali di Lombok Barat (1942-2002)
Authors: Sopyan Muhamad , Kesuma Andi Ima , Sahabuddin Jumadi
Published: August 2020

This paper uses a qualitative approach design history that includes Groove heuristics, critique, interpretation and historiography. This paper describes a pattern of ethnic life Sasak Ethnic Balinese. The second encounter was part of the ethnic dynamics of patterns of social life, art and culture of the community of West Lombok, Bali, colonial empire domination Netherlands and Japan as well as the aftermath of independence. West Lombok in the course of its history has its own and unique patterns by showing the existence of the ideal cooperation between different ethnic religion in building a harmonious unity.
Student’s Readiness Level towards Implementation of paper 3 Subject History
Authors: Suhaimi Siti Aishah , Awang Mohd Mahzan , Ahmad Anuar
Published: August 2020

This study focuses on the student towards paper implementation 3 subject of history. This study use where survey research design as many as 50 from respondent 4 in School orchid, Cheras, chosen by gregarious sample and use instrument in obtaining quantitative data. This research using Social learning theory Albert Bandura, theory of constructivism and also Bloom's Taxonomy model. Data analyzed by using Excel Microsoft software 2010 (Statistic pack) 2.0 (SPSS). Finding of correlation analysis show there is a significant relationship between student attitude approach with students’ knowledge towards paper of 3 history subject (r, =.846=, n=50, p<.0.5). Therefore, the paper 3 subject of history is seen as platform that is able to increase the understanding and performance of students in the general history often associated with subjects that are boring and hard to get better performance by students in examinations due to lack of interest, learning techniques are obsolete and inadequate learning
Teacher Readiness in Teaching and Learning History Process through i-Think Mind Maps
Authors: Husin Mazlan , Awang Mohd Mahzan , Ahmad Anuar
Published: August 2020

This research is aimed at investigating the readiness of History subject teachers in teaching and learning with the help of i-Think mind maps at secondary schools in the district of Setiu, Terengganu. The amount of sample chosen is 59 History teachers from secondary schools which consists of trained teachers without taking into account their specialization. As a whole, the research findings show that respondents have a high readiness level in implementing their teaching and learning process with the help of i-Think mind maps in secondary schools. The findings also show that there is a difference in teacher readiness between history teacher and non-history teacher and between those that went to courses and those who did not. Furthermore, there is a difference in the attitude, skill and usage level of i-Think mind maps in teachers that are experienced and those less experienced. However, research findings for experienced and less-experienced teachers showed that there are no significant differences in the level of knowledge on the concept of i-Think mind maps.
Assimilating Indonesia Chinese Muslim in Makassar (1967-1997)
Authors: Ahmad Nuryati
Published: August 2020

The ethnic Chinese Muslims in Makassar has been there since the year 1606 in conjunction with Islam in Makassar. Dato ri Bandang was the one who initiated the spread of Islam among Chinese people of Makassar. During the new order, ethnic Chinese Muslims in Makassar city had done the intermingling with local communities. The new order had kept many discriminatory elements contains policy against ethnic Chinese in the city of Makassar. This is the sort of policy that directly affects the life of the field of social, cultural, political and religious. Although they are more successful in the field of economics. Even so, ethnic Chinese Muslims in Makassar when it is capable of performing a merging in all areas of social life.
Constraints in The Implementation of Problem-Based Learning in Subject of History in State Senior High School 2 Sendawar
Authors: Sherlly Petronela , Jamil Jamil , Sopyan Muhamad
Published: August 2020

This study aims to determine the application of historical learning model by using problem-based learning and obstacles from implementing problem-based learning model in history learning. This research uses descriptive qualitative research method. Data collection using observation and interview techniques. The result of the research shows that learning process is more centred on student activity with problem-solving related to history lesson material and obstacles in applying problem-based learning is the understanding and ability of educator in using learning model, complicated, limited time, facilities and infrastructure.
History Learning Based on Value of Syech Abdurauf As-Singkili Manuscript to Improve Gender Equality Awareness
Authors: Putra Mawardy As Ary
Published: August 2020

Local culture-based education has an important role in character building for students. In a scientific heritage, there are values of wisdom that can be applied in everyday life. The values of this wisdom are reflected in the work of an Acehnese scholar Search Abdurrauf as Singkili, later written in several Manuscripts: Mir'atul Thulab Fe Bag-lubang Ma'ritah Ahkamisy Syar'iyah Lil Mulkil Wahhab and Turjumanul Mustafid. Hence, the history-based learning model of Syech Abdurrauf as a Singkili script was developed. This development is expected to improve students' sense of understanding and awareness about gender equality. From the values listed in Syech Abdurrauf Singkili's text, students are expected to be able to know the value of local wisdom, to develop a pattern of understanding of gender equality awareness both within the scope of school and community, and to raise awareness of equality in Islam. Result: n = 28 and (α) = 0,05, post-test value 0,913, T-test 2,279, n = 200> 0,05, post-test 0,430. There is a significant increase in the study of the development of this model, it is expected that with this model of learning history able, develop a gender equality awareness of the students.
The Implementation of Group Investigation with Audio Visual Learning Media to Improve Student`s Learning Achievement and Student`s Attitude of Love the Homeland on Social Science Learning in Sambirejo 2 Junior High School
Authors: Rahayu Andriati , Sariyatun Sariyatun , Suryani Nunuk
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this research is to know the effectiveness of implementation of cooperative learning with group investigation and audiovisual media learning to improve student learning achievement and student`s attitude of love the homeland at junior high school students. The classroom action research was used as research approach. The subjects of research subjects were teachers and 32 students of class VIIIA. The data were analyzed by interactive analysis technique and comparative descriptive analysis. The results of this study indicate the improvement of learning achievement with an average value of 70 in cycles I, 77 in cycles II, and 81.75 in cycle III. Meanwhile the attitude score for love of the homeland shows improvement with the average yield of 72 in cycles I, 82 in cycles II, and 85 in cycle 3. Based on the results of the research, it can be concluded that the learning model for study Group Investigation with audiovisual learning media had proved to improve the learning achievement and attitude of love the homeland of student in the class VIIIA Sambirejo 2 State Junior High School.
The Innovation of Democratic Education: The Development of Learning Approach Based on the Sutan Syahrir’ Thought to Strengthen Students’ Democratic Attitude
Authors: Setiawan Adi , Sariyatun Sariyatun , Ardianto Deny Tri
Published: August 2020

In the recent years, the topic of democracy has become important issues for Indonesian society. The designed curriculum and learning practices should be integrated with the thoughts of our founding fathers that reflect the values of democratic attitude. Sutan Syahrir as one of our founding fathers who gave his thoughts in settling the new direction about the democratic state after the Indonesian independence. Sutan Syahrir explains the concept of humanism in the freedom, equality, collectivity, the equality between right and responsibilities. The discussion of Sutan Syahrir’s thoughts can be extended to the issues of contemporary education. The authors argue that Sutan Syahrir’s thought can be used to develop the innovative learning based on the values of democracy. This article aims to give a conceptual framework of innovative learning about the Sutan Syahrir’s thought to improve the students’ democratic attitude.
Studi Petirtaan Dewi Sri Desa Simbatan Nguntoronadi Magetan dalam Tinjauan Geografi Sejarah
Authors: Saputra Yulian Widya
Published: August 2020

Bangunan peninggalan masa kerajaan Hindu-Budha berupa petirtaan menjadi bangunan yang bernilai sejarah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan keterkaitan antara alam dengan aktivitas manusia (man and land relation) dalam tinjauan Geografi Sejarah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan studi literatur baik konsep, teori dan hasil penelitian terdahulu yang relevan. Sampel studi penelitian ini menggunakan teknik sampel wilayah dimana keseluruhan wilayah Desa Simbatan dengan luas 2,71 km2 menjadi area penelitian. Analisis data menggunakan analisis data deskriptif dengan bantuan interpretasi citra satelit yang diolah melalui ArcGIS 10.0. Hasil penelitian menggambarkan bahwa Petirtaan Dewi Sri merupakan bagian dari bentang lahan vulkanik dari lereng Gunungapi Lawu sebelah timur. Dari studi penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa bentang lahan vulkanik tersebut secara khusus berada pada lereng fluvio vulkanik yang membentuk takik lereng (break of slope) dimana digunakan sebagai lokasi berdirinya Petirtaan Dewi Sri peninggalan masa akhir kerajaan Mataram Kuno.
Pembelajaran Sejarah di Abad 21 (Telaah Teoritis terhadap Model dan Materi)
Authors: Syaputra Een , Sariyatun Sariyatun
Published: August 2020

Model dan materi pembelajaran merupakan dua elemen inti yang masih mengalami banyak masalah dalam praksis pembelajaran Sejarah di abad 21. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk melakukan telaah teoritis terhadap model pembelajaran dan materi ajar Sejarah dalam bingkai pendidikan abad 21. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan matode kepustakaan. Langkah penelitian yang dilakukan adalah: 1) menyiapkan alat dan perlengkapan; 2) menyusunn bibliografi kerja; 3) mengatur waktu penelitian; 4) membaca dan membuat catatan peneltian; dan 5) menyimpulkan dan menganalisis hasil peneltian. Hasil telaah menunjukkan bahwa: 1) Untuk mengembangkan keterampilan abad 21 dalam pembelajaran Sejarah, diperlukan model pembelajaran yang dapat menghubungkan materi pembelajaran Sejarah dengan kehidupan nyata peserta didik, terutama terhadap permasalahan sosial yang sedang terjadi di masyarakat.  Selain itu, model pembelajaran dalam bingkai pendidikan abad 21 adalah model pembelajaran yang di dalamnya terdapat proses pengumpulan dan analsis data, pemecahan masalah, dan kolaborasi. Beberapa model yang memiliki orientasi ke arah keterampilan tersebut antara lain Problem Based Learning, Project Based Learning, Discovery Learnin, dan Inquiry Learning; 2) Untuk mendukung keterampilan abad 21, diperlukan perubahan dari materi yang bersifat text menjadi materi ajar yang berbasis website. Dari segi isi, materi ajar berbasis masalah sosial dan berbasis nilai, menjadi penting untuk dikembangkan.
TNI-AD dan Kesatuan Aksi Mahasiswa Indonesia (KAMI) dalam Kelengseran Soekarno Tahun 1965-1968
Authors: Hasudungan Anju Nofarof
Published: August 2020

Peristiwa G 30 S 1965 menjadi guncangan besar bagi pemerintah Presiden Soekarno bahkan membuat Soekarno lengser dari jabatannya.  Tentunya, selain karena dampak dari peristiwa G30 S 1965  terdapat juga aktor-aktor yang terlibat dalam aksi menuntut Presiden Soekarno mundur dari jabatannya. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan bagaimana partnership TNI-AD dan Kesatuan Aksi Mahasiswa Indonesia (KAMI) dalam dinamika politik tahun 1965-1968. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode historis. Terdiri dari heuristik, kritik (intern dan ektern), interpretasi, dan historiografi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan saat aksi Tiga Tuntutan Rakyat (Tritura), KAMI di dukung penuh oleh TNI-AD.  Tentara sendiri tidak bisa melontarkan kritik secara langsung apalagi menentang Panglima Tertinggi. Karena itu, KAMI dibentuk oleh TNI-AD untuk secara langsung menentang Presiden Soekarno. Pada akhirnya, petinggi KAMI dan TNI-AD mendapatkan kekuasaan setelah Presiden Soekarno lengser.
Влияние кормовых добавок на микробиоценоз рубца и уровень молочной продуктивности коров-первотелок
Authors: Бурцева Наталья Владимировна , Кулакова Татьяна Сергеевна , Смирнова Юлия Михайловна , Лаптев Георгий Юрьевич , Дуняшев Тимур Петрович
Published: August 2020

Представлены результаты исследований по влиянию кормовых добавок «Румит» и «Целлобактерин+» на количество эндобиотных инфузорий рубца и молочную продуктивность коров. Научно-хозяйственный опыт проведен в Вологодской области. Для опыта были сформированы 3 группы коров-первотелок черно-пестрой породы по 12 голов методом пар-аналогов при одинаковых условиях кормления и содержания. Животных отбирали с учетом кровности, удоя матерей за максимальную лактацию, живой массы, количества дойных дней и суточного удоя по 1-й лактации. Животные контрольной группы получали основной рацион, а в опытных группах коровам дополнительно в рацион включали изучаемые препараты из расчета 50 г/голову в сутки. Установлено, что применение добавок позволило увеличить численность протистов в рубце опытных групп на 155,9 – 176,5 тыс. особей/мл. Наряду с этим использование добавок способствовало увеличению валового надоя базисной жирности в опытных группах по сравнению с контрольной группой на 5,1 и 11,4 % соответственно.
Особенности формирования урожайности овса в условиях южной лесостепи Омского региона
Authors: Николаев Петр Николаевич , Юсова Оксана Александровна , Кравцова Татьяна Ивановна , Сафонова Ирина Владимировна , Аниськов Николай Иванович
Published: August 2020

Определен адаптивный потенциал 9 сортов ярового овса. Исследования проводили на селекционных полях в зоне южной лесостепи Омского региона в 2011 – 2018 гг. Представлены многолетние данные результатов урожайности, отзывчивости, стабильности, гомеостатичности, селекционной ценности, широты ареала у пленчатых сортов овса. Уровень урожайности изменялся от 2,2 т/га у сортов Иртыш 13, Скакун, Сибирский Геркулес в 2012 г. до 7,2 т/га у сорта Факел в 2018 г. Для объективной оценки уровня признаков адаптивных особенностей установлены: размах урожайности, реализация потенциала продуктивности, индекс экологической пластичности, фактор стабильности, селекционная ценность сорта, показатель относительной стабильности сорта, критерий стабильности, коэффициент вариации. Метод ранжирования сортов по всем использованным показателям показал, что наиболее адаптивными сортами для получения высокой и стабильной урожайности в условиях южной лесостепной зоны являются сорта: Орион, Иртыш 23, Сибирский Геркулес, Тарский 2. Вышеназванные сорта характеризуются меньшей суммой рангов (от 14 до 29) и являются наиболее адаптивными к условиям возделывания в Омском регионе.
Биоэнергетическая оценка способов основной обработки почвы при возделывании зерновых культур в Ростовской области
Authors: Гаевая Эмма Анатольевна
Published: August 2020

Проанализированы способы основной обработки почвы, обеспечивающие сочетание ресурсосбережения с повышением продуктивности сельскохозяйственных культур. Исследования проведены в многофакторном стационарном опыте в 2015 – 2019 гг. в Ростовской области. Зерновые культуры изучали в севооборотах, развернутых в пространстве и во времени. Изучены 2 системы обработки почвы и их последействие: чизельная и отвальная обработка почвы. Наибольшие затраты совокупной энергии на возделывание зерновых культур отмечены в варианте озимая пшеница по чистому пару. При возделывании озимой пшеницы по непаровым предшественникам и яровым культурам суммарные затраты совокупной энергии сокращались. Наибольшая доля энергии среди прямых затрат приходится на основную и предпосевную обработку почвы. В Ростовской области на эрозионно опасных склонах в качестве основной обработки почвы целесообразно применять чизельную обработку, позволяющую сократить затраты энергии при возделывании сельскохозяйственных культур на 12,2 – 54,5 %. Применение чизельной обработки почвы увеличивало прирост энергии в урожайности у озимой пшеницы, посеянной по чистому пару, на 12,8 %, а у ярового ячменя и сои — на 8,6 – 16,4 %. Коэффициент энергетической эффективности при возделывании зерновых культур >1, что свидетельствует о высокой отдаче применяемых технологий. Использование чизельной обработки почвы как ресурсосберегающей увеличивало коэффициент энергетической эффективности на 6,7 – 21,4 %.
Оценка сельхозугодий Владимирской области, расположенных в бассейне реки Клязьмы, по показателям плодородия почвы
Authors: Чугай Наталья Валерьевна , Курочкин Иван Николаевич , Кулагина Екатерина Юрьевна , Мищенко Наталья Владимировна , Селиванов Олег Григорьевич
Published: August 2020

Во Владимирской области, расположенной в бассейне реки Клязьмы, сохраняется тенденция к увеличению кислотности и снижению уровня плодородия почв. Приведены результаты оценки сельскохозяйственных угодий Владимирской области по показателям плодородия почвы. Проанализированы такие показатели, как кислотность почв, гумус, содержание в почве фосфора, калия, азота. На основе статистических данных и обработки информации с помощью геоинформационных систем установлены территории с наиболее значительным изменением уровня кислотности в последние десятилетия. Выявлены районы, имеющие наиболее высокий уровень кислотности в настоящее время. Установлено, что при выводе почв из сельскохозяйственного оборота происходит снижение уровня кислотности почв. Это связано с тем, что на залежах почва становится более структурной и плотной, образуется дернина и накапливается органическое вещество. Содержание органического вещества растёт при переходе от леса к залежи и от залежи к лугу; концентрации фосфора, калия и азота распределены между данными фитоценозами неравномерно. Для уменьшения наблюдаемой в последние годы тенденции увеличения кислотности и снижения уровня плодородия почв и, как следствие, деградации почв сельхозугодий Владимирской области, необходимо восстановление системы известкования почв в комплексе с внесением минеральных удобрений.
Identifikasi Karakteristik Habitat Bertelur dan Uji Penetasan Semi Alami (in-situ) Telur Burung Mamoa (Eulipoa wallecei) di Desa Simau Kecamatan Galela Kabupaten Halmahera Utara
Authors: Sadjab B. A. , Kondolembang R. , Sunarno Sunarno , Tutupary O.F.W. , Toisuta B.R.
Published: August 2020

Penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristik habitat bertelur burung Mamoa (Eulipoa wallecei) dan uji penetasan telur secara semi alami (in-situ) telah dilakukan di Desa Simau Kecamatan Galela Halmahera Utara. Penelitian dengan teknik observasi atau pengamatan dilakukan secara langsung di lapangan tepatnya di lokasi habitat bertelur burung Mamoa (Eulipoa wallecei) yang berada di Desa Simau, untuk mengetahui variasi harian iklim mikro lubang pada pasir sebagai habitat bertelur burung Mamoa, dan penelitian di laboratorium untuk menguji kandungan logam dalam pasir sehingga diketahui tingkat konduktivitas termalnya, serta dilakukan uji penetasan secara semi alami (in-situ) pada kedalaman 40, 60 dan 80 cm untuk mengetahui presentase daya tetas, waktu inkubasi dan mortalitasnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan karakteristik habitat bertelur burung Mamoa di Desa Simau kecamatan Galela Kabupaten Halmahera utara yang dikaji berdasarkan kajian mikroklimat menujukkan fluktuasi suhu dan kembaban yang bervariasi berdasarkan kedalaman dan waktu pengamatan, dimana rata-rata suhu maksimum terjadi pada saat siang hari dan suhu minimumnya terjadi saat malam hari, sementara kelembaban terendah terjadi saat siang hari dan nilai tertingginya terjadi pada saat malam hari. Kadungan terbesar dalam pasir sebagai habitat bertelur burung Mamoa Desa Simau adalah unsur Fe (Besi) sebesar 58,59 % dengan sifat konduktivitas termal yang tinggi. Terdapat perbedaan pada daya tetas dan lamanya inkubasi penetasan telur secara in-situ (semi alami) pada kedalaman 40 cm, 60 cm dan 80 cm, dimana daya tetas terbesar yang mencapai presentase 100 % berada pada kedalaman tanam 80 cm dengan rata-rata waktu inkubasi yang paling cepat sekitar 67,3 hari.
Model Estimasi Suhu Kritis Atas pada Sapi Perah Dara Berdasarkan Manajemen Pakan
Authors: Suherman D. , Purwanto B.P.
Published: August 2020

A research was conducted in Jakarta and Bogor and during January 2014 until February 2014. The objective of research were to measure effects of critical temperature (air temperature and humidity) on indicate physiological responses for critical temperature of Fries Holland Heifer.They were fed twice daily with grass and concentrate. Six dairy heifers were used in the research. The Indicate physiological responses were heart rate and respiration frequency  for 14 days. The results show that critical temperature on physiogical responses were significantly better on cattle for ANN which for critical temperature in Jakarta and Bogor that with the same and significantly better too on cattle which respiration frequency and heart rate in Jakarta and Bogor.
Conf for Lasers and ElectroOptics (CLEO) San Jose USA May 2020 Paper SW4J.7 Microcombs for RF
Authors: Moss David
Published: August 2020

We report photonic RF fractional Hilbert transformers and filters based on a 49GHz soliton crystal micro-comb source. By employing up to 80 wavelengths and controlling the channel weights, diverse transfer functions are achieved.
Cheap and best electronic fan regulator
Authors: sathiqu mohamed thambi noor haja
Published: August 2020

One new circuit design is invented by me for electronic fan regulator which is cheap and best
ADAPTASI METODE PEMBELAJARAN MELALUI E-LEARNING UNTUK MENGHADAPI ERA NEW NORMAL
Authors: Nuryatin Sri
Published: August 2020

Pemerintah telah mengeluarkan kebijakan penerapan new normal pada beberapa sektortermasuk sektor pendidikan. Kondisi ini membuat publik harus beradaptasi dengankeadaan new normal dengan mematuhi aturan yang dibuat pemerintah. Adaptasi inidimaknai sebagai cara pandang dan perilaku yang baru yang pada akhirnya akanmenjadi budaya baru. Perkembangan dunia pendidikan semakin pesat, terlihat darisemakin beragamnya metode pembelajaran yang digunakan, dan pemanfaatan berbagaimedia yang berguna untuk meningkatkan kualitas hasil pembelajaran. Perkembanganberbagai metode dan media pembelajaran ini seiring dengan adanya kemajuanteknologi yang pesat. Bentuk perkembangan ini yang dapat dimanfaatkan adalahmenggunakan e-learning. Penerepan ini digunakan untuk menghadapi era new normal.Penerepan e-learning berimbas pada meningkatnya penggunaan media sosial. Artikelini menjelaskan bagaimana gambaran adaptasi untuk menghadapi new normal dalammetode pembelajaran e-learning. Aspek yang paling penting adalah penyesuaianpembelajaran pada saat new normal ini.Kata Kunci: E-learning, New Normal, Metode Pembelajaran
New circuit for the electronics choke for tu
Authors: sathiqu mohamed thambi noor haja
Published: August 2020

One new circuit design
DAMPAK COVID-19 BAGI KEGIATAN EKONOMI MASYARAKAT
Authors: Ilmi Muhammad
Published: August 2020

Pandemi covid 19 ini seakan menjadi momok yang akan memberikan dampak buruk bagi perkonomian bagi sebagian orang. Tapi jangan salah, dengan adanya covid menyebabkan bisnis atau kegiatan yang dulu tidak bersinar sama sekali atau tidak ada peminatnya menjadi terang benderang (laris manis) sebagai contoh pebisnis masker, hand sanitizer dan alat alat kesehatan lainnya melunjak menjadi barang yang sangat dicari dan dibutuhkan dimasa pandemi ini. Dimasa sekarang masih marak stay at home apalah itu. Maksudnya disini bukan juga untuk berdiam diri tanpa melakukan apapun, melainkan bertindak maupun bekerja yang positif, kreatif dan juga inovatif dalam cakupan lingkungan rumah.
Pembelajaran Daring dan Kebijakan New Normal Pemerintah
Authors: Firyal Rifa Afiva
Published: August 2020

Pendidikan saat ini menjadi dasar dari kemajuan pembangunan generasi bangsa. Indonesia juga sedang menghadapi wabah pandemi Covid-19 maka pemerintah menerapkan kebijakan pembelajaran secara daring atau dirumah saja dimana peserta didik diharuskan belajar di rumah untuk menghindari terpaparnya Covid-19. Banyak hambatan dan rintangan dalam melaksanakan pembelajaran jarak jauh. Pemerintah menggulirkan wacana "New Normal" termasuk juga ke dalam bidang pendidikan. Tujuan dalam tulisan ini untuk memberikan inspirasi terhadap guru dalam menerapkan model pembelajaran daring dengan tujuan peserta didik tetap mendapatkan pendidikan yang berkualitas. Untuk penerapannya maka diperlukan pembelajaran yang bervariasi dan inovatif supaya peserta didik tetap bersemangat dalam belajar walaupun dilakukan secara daring ini. Pembelajaran daring dapat dilakukan dengan cara pemberian materi kepada peserta didik dalam bentuk video, powerpoint, google meet, google classroom, dll. Kelebihan pembelajaran daring ini juga bisa menjadikan peserta didik lebih efektif dalam belajar karena pembelajaran tidak lelah, menyenangkan, pengalaman baru serta kelemahan pembelajaran daring ini dari koneksi internet yang kurang baik, terkadang peserta didik juga kurang paham dengan materi, terkadang merasa bosan karna tidak bisa berdiskusi dengan teman seperti biasanya. Berdasarkan dari masalah tersebut maka kebijakan pembelajaran daring haruslah menarik dan bervariasi agar memberikan manfaat bagi generasi masa depan bangsa Indonesia dalam pembelajaran.
STRATEGI PEREKONOMIAN MASYARAKAT DITENGAH PANDEMI
Authors: NORSELI RISKI
Published: August 2020

Virus Corona atau yang sering disebut dengan Covid-19 yang hadir di tengah-tengah masyarakat indonesia yang menjadikan luka mendalam bagi masyarakat indonesia. Tidak hanya indonesia Pandemi covid-19 ini mengakibatkan dunia berada dalam keadaan krisis kesehatan masyarakat. Bahkan dengan adanya pandemi covid-19 banyak dari perekonomian masyarakat menjadi dampaknya. Respon cepat penanggulangan penyebaran Covid-19 memberi dampak yang negatif terhadap perekonomian dan keberlangsungan kehidupan masyarakat. Bahkan perekonomian di beberapa negara di dunia juga menjadi dampak dari covid-19. Indonesia adalah salah satu negara yang terdampak terutama pada sisi ekonomi. Artikel ini akan membahas tentang dampak yang diakibatkan covid-19 yang mengakibatkan pada perekonomian masyarakat menjadi menurun.
DAMPAK COVID-19 BAGI KEGIATAN EKONOMI MASYARAKAT DI KOTA BANJARMASIN DAN DI KOTA BANJARBARU
Authors: Mfikrihaikal
Published: August 2020

Dampak wabah virus corona (covid 19) tidak hanya merugikan sisi kesehatan. Virus yang bermula dari kota wuhan, Tiongkok, ini bahkan turut mempengaruhi perekonomian negara-negara di seluruh dunia, tak terkecuali Indonesia. Ekonomi global dipastikan melambat, menyusul penetapan dari WHO pemerintah mencoba yang menyebutkan wabah corona sebagai berbagai upaya untuk menekan dampak virus Corona terhadap dunia industri, Beberapa stimulus ekonomi diluncurkan, bahkan Presiden Joko Widodo meminta seluruh pihak untuk melakukan social distancing termasuk Work From Home (WFH)
Why are the batteries in the microwave?: Use of semantic information under uncertainty in a search task
Authors: Rehrig Gwendolyn L , Cheng Michelle , McMahan Brian , Shome Rahul
Published: August 2020

A major problem in human cognition is to understand how newly-acquired information and long-standing beliefs about the environment combine to make decisions and plan behaviors. Over-dependence on long-standing beliefs may be a significant source of suboptimal decision-making in unusual circumstances. While the contribution of long-standing beliefs about the environment to search in real-world scenes is well-studied, less is known about how new evidence informs search decisions, and it is unclear whether the two sources of information are used together optimally to guide search. The present study expanded on the literature on semantic guidance in visual search by modeling a Bayesian ideal observer’s use of long-standing semantic beliefs and recent experience in an active search task. The ability to adjust expectations to the task environment was simulated using the Bayesian ideal observer, and subjects’ performance was compared to ideal observers that depended on prior knowledge and recent experience to varying degrees. Target locations were either congruent with scene semantics, incongruent with what would be expected from scene semantics, or random. Half of the subjects were able to learn to search for the target in incongruent locations over repeated experimental sessions when it was optimal to do so. These results suggest that searchers can learn to prioritize recent experience over knowledge of scenes in a near-optimal fashion when it is beneficial to do so, as long as the evidence from recent experience was learnable.
Using Auditory Displays to Efficiently Present Psychological Research Findings: A Brief Introduction
Authors: Clark D. Angus , Brown Karen
Published: August 2020

Psychological research is increasingly reliant on high-dimensionality data and complex statistical methods. This offers many benefits, but also entails many challenges. One challenge is that of effective communication. It can be difficult to clearly and concisely communicate trends from series of advanced models and multidimensional data through tables, figures, and narration alone. Auditory displays (AD), or the sound-based representations of data and statistical results, are one tool for helping to address this challenge. AD provide a means of quickly conveying a large quantity of information in a way that is accessible to professional and lay audiences alike. Although AD are often used in other scientific disciplines, they are largely absent from the field of psychology. This article thus provides an introduction to AD and its potential advantages for psychological researchers. As part of this effort, a series of accessible AD are included that readers can interact with and apply to their own work. The overarching goal is to provide researchers with another, somewhat novel, tool for effectively disseminating their research.
On the Meaning of the General Factor of Psychopathology (“P-Factor”) in Symmetrical Bifactor Models
Authors: Heinrich Manuel , Geiser Christian , Zagorscak Pavle , Burns G. Leonard , Bohn Johannes , Becker Stephen P. , Eid Michael , Beauchaine Theodore P. , Knaevelsrud Christine
Published: August 2020

Symmetrical bifactor models are frequently applied to diverse symptoms of psychopathology to identify a general P factor. This factor is assumed to mark shared liability across psychopathology dimensions and mental disorders. Despite their popularity, however, symmetrical bifactor models often yield anomalous results, including but not limited to non-significant or negative specific factor variances and non-significant or negative factor loadings. To date, these anomalies have often been treated as nuisances to be explained away. In this paper, we demonstrate why these anomalies alter the substantive meaning of P such that it (1) does not reflect general liability to psychopathology and (2) differs in meaning across studies. We then describe an alternative modeling framework, the bifactor-(S − 1) approach. This approach avoids anomalous results, provides a framework for explaining unexpected findings in published symmetrical bifactor studies, and yields a general factor with well-defined meaning across studies. We present an empirical example to illustrate these points and provide concrete recommendations to help researchers decide for or against a specific variant of bifactor structures. In summary, bifactor-(S − 1) models provide an approach to answer questions posed in symmetrical bifactor models in a more comparable and replicable manner.
Prolonged cognitive activity increases perception of fatigue but does not influence perception of effort, affective valence or performance during subsequent isometric endurance exercise.
Authors: Greenhouse-Tucknott Aaron , Pickering Sarah , Butterworth Jake , Smeeton Nicholas J , Wrightson James Graeme , Dekerle Jeanne
Published: August 2020

Mental fatigue has previously been reported to impair subsequent endurance performance. However, uncertainty regarding the veracity of this effect remains. Moreover, the effect of heightened perception of fatigue on common perceptual (i.e. effort) and affective modulators of endurance performance also requires further study. The present study therefore examined two hypotheses: (1) that mental fatigue impairs muscular endurance performance and (2) that the perception of fatigue evoked through sustained cognitive exertion is related to the degree of effort and affect reported during a subsequent endurance task. Eighteen participants performed an exhaustive, submaximal (20% maximal voluntary contraction, MVC) isometric contraction of the right knee extensor muscles, following both a protracted high and low cognitively demanding task. The high cognitive demand task (HIGH) evoked greater perceptions of fatigue and poorer cognitive performance. However, both endurance performance and perceptions of effort and affect recorded during the endurance task were not different between cognitive tasks. Significant correlations were found between perceptions of fatigue and both perceived effort and affective responses. In conclusion, mental fatigue did not impair muscular endurance performance nor influence perceived effort and affective responses. The observed relationships offer some support to the idea that fatigue perception reflects an overarching controller of performance regulatory processes. However, the absence of direct performance effects may indicate that fatigue perception following cognitive vs. physical exertion may emerge through distinct processes.
Evaluation of Hearing loss by Pure Tone Audiometry in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Khakurel Gita , Mahato Nayan Bahadur
Published: August 2020

Introduction: The association of hearing loss and diabetes has been under research for many years. The hearing loss in diabetes in our population has not been studied extensively. The objective of this study was to compare the hearing threshold between type 2 diabetic patients and age- and sexmatched controls.
Materials and Methods: A comparative study was done in the Department of ENT, Kathmandu Medical College from October 2019 to February 2020. The hearing threshold, of 40 type 2 diabetics patients, and 40 age- and sex-matched healthy controls in the age group of 35 to 55 years, were assessed by pure tone audiometry. The hearing threshold was compared between the two groups by using the student’s unpaired t-test.
Results: Among 40 diabetes patients, 29 (72.5 %) had bilateral, mild to moderate sensorineural hearing loss. The hearing threshold in diabetes patients was signifi cantly higher than the healthy controls in all the frequencies except at 250 Hz. When comparing the threshold according to the duration of diabetes, it was found to be signifi cantly higher only at higher frequencies (4000 and 8000 Hz) in diabetes with more than 5 years duration.
Conclusions: The hearing loss was common in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Most diabetic patients had mostly bilateral mild to moderate sensorineural hearing loss affecting hearing thresholds in higher frequencies than the healthy controls as assessed by pure tone audiometry.
Role of Combined Pleural Fluid Cholesterol and Total Protein in Differentiation of Exudates and Transudates
Authors: Bista Anupam , Thapa Suman , Subedi Prasant , Manandhar Kiran
Published: August 2020

Introduction: Light's criteria had been the standard method for distinguishing exudative and transudative pleural effusions which misidentify 15-20% of transudates as exudates. This study aims to find out the role of combined pleural fluid cholesterol and total protein in distinguishing exudative from transudative pleural effusions and its applicability in Nepalese populations.
Materials and Methods: Patients with pleural effusions were enrolled for the study. The combined pleural fluid cholesterol and total protein were compared with Light’s criteria and also compared with the diagnosis on discharge to find out their usefulness in categorizing the pleural effusions.
Results: A total of 81 patients enrolled in the study, 42 (51.9%) were male. Based on Light’s criteria, 88.8% pleural effusions were found to be exudates and 11.1% were found to be transudates. Within the criteria, Light’s criteria categorized more pleural fluids as exudates than the diagnosis on discharge. Based on pleural fluid cholesterol >60mg/dL and protein >3g/dL for the classification of exudative and transudative pleural fluid, 62.9% out of 81 samples felled under the exudates and 37.03% pleural effusions under transudates with the sensitivity 87.9% and specificity 100%.
Conclusions: Though Light’s criteria remain the gold standard to differentiate transudates and exudates, combined pleural fluid cholesterol and total protein give nearly comparable results without the need for simultaneous blood investigations.
Organizing a Medical Conference: Management Perspective
Authors: Gajuryal Sharad Hari , Shrestha Resha , Satyal Narayan , Pant Basant
Published: August 2020

It is an incredibly formidable as well as meritorious task to plan and implement a successful medical conference. Organizing a medical conference requires a tremendous amount of planning, preparation, lots of pre conference works, and working on logistics to achieve its vision and goal. The two most important aspects for the success of any event is planning and implementation which requires a plenty of brainstorming sessions and meetings, and for medical practitioners and academicians, we are confronted with the dual role of organizing the conference as well as regular work juggling. Despite the fact that medical conferences play a major role in ongoing professional development, academic growth, and networking, there is little guidance in form of literature for those who want to hold a  conference inbound or outbound. This paper seeks to incorporate all the possible steps, plans and procedures in order to organize a successful conference.
The Myriad of Clinical Presentations of COVID-19: a Short Review
Authors: Nepal Richa
Published: August 2020

The ongoing pandemic of Coronavirus disease- 2019 is yet to be defeated. It is primarily a viral respiratory illness, with a myriad of clinical presentations being reported, since it was first identified towards the end of 2019 in China. Apart from the classical symptoms of fever, cough, and dyspnea, atypical presentations in COVID-19 patients, have puzzled healthcare workers worldwide. Patients with isolated non- respiratory complaints like diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain, skin rash, and confusion, have tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2. The symptoms of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction have recently been added to the list for screening suspected cases after their prevalence was found to be high among COVID-19 patients. This article elaborates on the system-wise manifestations of COVID-19 and discusses the clinical implications of these aberrant presentations to healthcare workers.
Refractive Error Among School Going Children in Solukhumbu, Nepal
Authors: Sherpa Ang Tshering Lama , Sherpa Mingmar Gyalzen , Basnet Pushpa Babu , Sherpa Mingmar Chhiring
Published: August 2020

Introduction: Reduced vision among school-going children is a global public health problem and uncorrected refractive error, the main causative factor is most prevalent in under-developed countries. Correction of refractive error can be easily done when diagnosed. Therefore regular eye health screening among school-going children and early correction is necessary to alleviate the problem and reduce its consequences.
Materials and Methods: It was a retrospective cross-sectional stud and the data were retrieved from eye health screening camps conducted in different schools of Dudhkunda municipality in 2015 in collaboration with Solukhumbu Polytechnic Academy and District Community Eye Center Solukhumbu. Permission from respective authorities and ethical approval for the research was received from the institutional review committee of the Tilganga Institute of Ophthalmology. Out of 3097 records, 2517 records were analyzed to identify the prevalence of refractive error.
Results: Age of the children ranged from 6 to 18 years and most of the children were studying in grade 1 to 7, from government school and janajatis. Most common eye disorder noted was refractive error and prevalence was 3.5% (87). Refractive error was higher among older children compared to younger children. Higher proportion of students from private schools had refractive error compared to students from government schools. Both the findings were statistically significant.
Conclusions: Refractive error among school children in our study is lower than that of other studies conducted in Nepal and it may be due to the representation of younger age groups in our study.