bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pedagogical Essence of the Problem of Social Orphanhood
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Tovstukha Olesia
Published: April 2021

The article considers historical and pedagogical pedagogical approaches to the upbringing and protection of orphans in historical retrospect - spiritual and moral, differentiated, biosocial, educational and developmental, adaptive and socio-cultural. The pedagogical essence of the problem of social orphanhood is determined, which consists, first of all, in violation of children's rights to proper upbringing, development and education by parents themselves, which leads to learning difficulties, violation of children's psychological state, impossibility of full socialization. It is emphasized that in order to solve the problem of social orphanhood, it is most expedient to work with families in the primary and secondary degree of distress, to intensify work with them in contact with other subjects of prevention. It is noted that prevention in this direction is the prevention of social orphanhood and the provision of timely, comprehensive, targeted, qualified assistance to children and families in difficult life situations. The conclusion to the work was the opinion that the main tasks for the prevention of social orphanhood should be called: eradication of family and child problems, prevention; ensuring the priority of family forms of placement of orphans and children left without parental care; expansion of legal, material and social guarantees of their full development and education.
Different therapeutic effects between diabetic and non-diabetic adipose stem cells in diabetic wound healing
Authors: Gong Jia-Hong , Dong Jiao-Yun , Xie Ting , Zhao Qingnan , Lu Shu-Liang
Published: April 2021

Objective:

This study aimed to investigate how adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) from diabetic and from non-diabetic rats affect wound healing in different microenvironments.

Method:

The two types of ASC-rich cells were distinguished by characteristic surface antigen detection. The ASC-rich cells were transplanted into the wounds of diabetic and non-diabetic rats. Wound healing rates were compared and the healing process in the wound margin sections was used to determine how ASC-rich cells affect wound healing in different microenvironments.

Results:

ASC density was decreased in diabetic rats. The generation time of ASC-rich cells from diabetic rats (d-ASC-rich cells) was longer than that of ASC-rich cells from non-diabetic rats. The number of pre-apoptotic cells in the third generation (passage 3) of d-ASC-rich cells was higher than that among the ASC-rich cells from non-diabetic rats. CD31 and CD34 expression was higher in d-ASC-rich cells than in ASC-rich cells from non-diabetic rats, whereas CD44 and CD105 expression was lower than that in ASC-rich cells from non-diabetic rats. Transplantation of ASC-rich cells from non-diabetic rats promoted wound healing in both non-diabetic and diabetic rats. In contrast, d-ASC-rich cells and enriched nuclear cells only promoted wound healing in non-diabetic rats. ASC-rich cell transplantation promoted greater tissue regeneration than d-ASC-rich cell transplantation.

Conclusion:

ASC-rich cells promoted wound healing in diabetic and non-diabetic rats. ASC density was lower in the adipose tissue of diabetic rats compared with non-diabetic rats. d-ASC-rich cells did not promote wound healing in diabetic rats, suggesting that caution is warranted regarding the clinical use of diabetic adipose stem cell transplantation for the treatment of diabetic wounds.
Field Reliability Estimation of Agricultural Tractors Based on Warranty Data
Authors: Zhao Zhilin , Cheng Fang
Published: April 2021

Highlights

A LightGBM regression model for predicting tractor usage rates was established based on warranty data and considering agricultural tractors’ usage context (region and season) and was then interpreted using SHAP.

The field reliability of tractors was estimated based on the usage of failed and unfailed tractors, after unfailed tractors’ usage was imputed using the LightGBM regression model.

The proposed methodology was validated by predicting warranty claims using estimated reliability parameters.

The proposed methodology was demonstrated using warranty data from a tractor manufacturing company in China.

Abstract. Warranty data provide a valuable source of information for assessing the reliability of products in operation (called the field reliability). However, warranty data consist of failure information only. The unavailability of usage data for unfailed products makes it difficult to estimate the reliability of durable products such as agricultural tractors, for which usage is a greater concern than age for reliability analysis. Several studies have proposed methods to address this problem, but they did not include information on the usage context. This study proposes a methodology to estimate the field reliability of agricultural tractors from warranty data considering the tractors’ usage context. First, by taking features representing tractors’ usage context as the input, a usage rate regression model was established using a light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM). The usage of unfailed tractors was then generated. Finally, parametric estimates of the tractors’ reliability were determined based on the usage of failed and unfailed tractors. By interpreting the LightGBM model using SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP), it was found that tractors that were used more days in October and April had higher predicted usage rates. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology, the estimated reliability parameters were used to predict the warranty claims of six types of tractors. The results showed that the proposed methodology performed the best in four cases and close to the best in two other cases when compared with two other baseline methods. The proposed methodology was demonstrated using warranty data from an agricultural tractor manufacturing company in China and can be applied to improve understanding of tractor reliability. Keywords: Field reliability, LightGBM, SHAP, Usage context, Warranty data.
Manifestation of surfactant films in underwater solar path images: numerical experiment: publisher’s note
Authors: Molkov Aleksandr
Published: April 2021

This publisher’s note serves to correct Appl. Opt. 60, 3257 (2021)APOPAI0003-693510.1364/AO.417344.
Linking statistical shape models and simulated function in the healthy adult human heart
Authors: Rodero Cristobal , Strocchi Marina , Marciniak Maciej , Longobardi Stefano , Whitaker John , O’Neill Mark D. , Gillette Karli , Augustin Christoph , Plank Gernot , Vigmond Edward J. , Lamata Pablo , Niederer Steven A.
Published: April 2021

Cardiac anatomy plays a crucial role in determining cardiac function. However, there is a poor understanding of how specific and localised anatomical changes affect different cardiac functional outputs. In this work, we test the hypothesis that in a statistical shape model (SSM), the modes that are most relevant for describing anatomy are also most important for determining the output of cardiac electromechanics simulations. We made patient-specific four-chamber heart meshes (n= 20) from cardiac CT images in asymptomatic subjects and created a SSM from 19 cases. Nine modes captured 90% of the anatomical variation in the SSM. Functional simulation outputs correlated best with modes 2, 3 and 9 on average (R= 0.49 ± 0.17, 0.37 ± 0.23 and 0.34 ± 0.17 respectively). We performed a global sensitivity analysis to identify the different modes responsible for different simulated electrical and mechanical measures of cardiac function. Modes 2 and 9 were the most important for determining simulated left ventricular mechanics and pressure-derived phenotypes. Mode 2 explained 28.56 ± 16.48% and 25.5 ± 20.85, and mode 9 explained 12.1 ± 8.74% and 13.54 ± 16.91% of the variances of mechanics and pressure-derived phenotypes, respectively. Electrophysiological biomarkers were explained by the interaction of 3 ± 1 modes. In the healthy adult human heart, shape modes that explain large portions of anatomical variance do not explain equivalent levels of electromechanical functional variation. As a result, in cardiac models, representing patient anatomy using a limited number of modes of anatomical variation can cause a loss in accuracy of simulated electromechanical function.
Effect of parental smoking on their children’s urine cotinine level in Korea: A population-based study
Authors: Park Myung-Bae , Ranabhat Chhabi Lal
Published: April 2021

Background

Children may be exposed to tobacco products in multiple ways if their parents smoke. The risks of exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) are well known. This study aimed to investigate the association between parental smoking and the children’s cotinine level in relation to restricting home smoking, in Korea.

Methods

Using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Health Examination Survey data from 2014 to 2017, we analyzed urine cotinine data of parents and their non-smoking children (n = 1,403), in whose homes parents prohibited smoking. We performed linear regression analysis by adjusting age, sex, house type, and household income to determine if parent smoking was related to the urine cotinine concentration of their children. In addition, analysis of covariance and Tukey’s post-hoc tests were performed according to parent smoking pattern.

Finding

Children’s urine cotinine concentrations were positively associated with those of their parents. Children of smoking parents had a significantly higher urine cotinine concentration than that in the group where both parents are non-smokers (diff = 0.933, P < .0001); mothers-only smoker group (diff = 0.511, P = 0.042); and fathers-only smoker group (diff = 0.712, P < .0001). In the fathers-only smoker group, the urine cotinine concentration was significantly higher than that in the group where both parents were non-smoker (diff = 0.221, P < .0001), but not significantly different compared to the mothers-only smoker group (diff = - -0.201, P = 0.388). Children living in apartments were more likely to be exposed to smoking substances.

Conclusion

This study showed a correlation between parents’ and children’s urine cotinine concentrations, supporting the occurrence of home smoking exposure due to the parents’ smoking habit in Korea. Although avoiding indoor home smoking can decrease the children’s exposure to tobacco, there is a need to identify other ways of smoking exposure and ensure appropriate monitoring and enforcement of banning smoking in the home.
The effectiveness of two different exercise approaches in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: A single-blind, randomized-controlled trial
Authors: Kocaman Hikmet , Bek Nilgün , Kaya Mehmet Hanifi , Büyükturan Buket , Yetiş Mehmet , Büyükturan Öznur
Published: April 2021

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of two different types of exercise methods in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

Methods

In total, 28 subjects with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis with a mild curve magnitude (10°–26°) were randomly divided into two groups: the Schroth group (n = 14) and the core group (n = 14). The patients in the Schroth group were treated with supervised Schroth exercises, and the patients in the core group were treated with supervised core stabilization exercises; both groups performed the exercises for three days per week for a total of 10 weeks, and both were given additional traditional exercises to perform. Assessment included Cobb angle (Radiography), trunk rotation (Adam’s test), cosmetic trunk deformity (Walter Reed Visual Assessment Scale), spinal mobility (Spinal Mouse), peripheral muscle strength (Biodex System 4-Pro), and quality of life (Scoliosis Research Society-22 questionnaire).

Results

It was found that patients in the Schroth group showed greater improvement in Cobb angles, thoracic trunk rotation angle, cosmetic trunk deformity, spinal mobility, and quality of life than those in the core group (p<0.05), except for in lumbar trunk rotation angle. Peripheral muscle strength improvement was greater in the core group than in the Schroth group (p<0.05).

Conclusion

Schroth exercises are more effective than core stabilization exercises in the correction of scoliosis and related problems in mild adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, and core stabilization exercises are more effective than Schroth exercises in the improvement of peripheral muscle strength.

Trial registration

NCT04421157
Attenuated β-adrenergic response in calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV-knockout mice
Authors: Murakami Manabu , Murakami Agnieszka M. , Matsuzaki Yasushi , Sawamura Daisuke , Ohba Takayoshi , Miyoshi Ichirou , Itagaki Shirou , Sakagami Hiroyuki
Published: April 2021

In the present study, we examined the importance of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaMKIV) in the regulation of cardiac function using genetically modified CaMKIV-null mice. RT-PCR analysis revealed decreased expression of voltage-dependent calcium channels in the cardiac myocytes of CaMKIV-null mice compared with wild-type mice. CaMKIV-null mice showed shortened QT time on electrocardiograms. Pharmacological analysis revealed decreased responsiveness to the β-adrenergic blocker propranolol in CaMKIV-null mice, whereas the plasma norepinephrine level was not affected. CaMKIV-null mice showed decreased baroreflex on electrocardiograms. Heart rate variability analysis showed unstable R-R intervals, a decreased low frequency power/high frequency power (LF/HF) ratio, and increased standard deviation of the normal to normal R-R intervals (SDNN) in CaMKIV-null mice, suggesting decreased responsiveness to β-adrenergic stimulation in CaMKIV-null mice. Atrial contraction analysis and cardiac action potential recording showed a decreased response to the β-adrenoceptor agonist isoproterenol in CaMKIV-null mice. Furthermore, fluorescence imaging in a CRE-hrGFP assay revealed a decreased response to isoproterenol in CaMKIV-null cardiac myocytes. Taken together, our data strongly suggest a significant effect of CaMKIV gene ablation on cardiac β-adrenergic signal transduction.
Innovation management as a practice: Contributions of the concept of ordinary management
Authors: Alves Bárbara do Nascimento , Ferreira Andreza de Amorim Lima , Lins Emanuela Ribeiro , Santos Elisabeth Cavalcante dos
Published: April 2021

Objective: to analyze the practices of ordinary management as a complement to the approaches of innovation management. Methodology/approach: an exploratory research was carried out through a bibliographic survey. Main results: ordinary management as an aid to innovation management approaches explains how individuals can do different activities in a collective and contextualized way to be able to carry out all the innovation work, and can give opportunities to the manager to conduct and reposition the activities that are carried out in the organizational routine. Theoretical/methodological contributions: this research presents a relevant discussion of how the daily work of the people who make up the organization allows to build a more integrated knowledge about all the processes that involve the complexity of innovation. Relevance/originality: the ordinary management can be a useful theoretical tool for understanding innovation management in practice and taking a new look at understanding the organization and its interactions, considering it as a process, where the different ways of doing and the knowledge of individuals is important for the real work of innovation. Social/management contributions: the relationship between innovation management and ordinary management approaches gives greater attention to the work of individuals in innovation processes and considering the idiosyncrasies present in the organizational environment of peripheral contexts.
Gazdasági versenyképességünk vállalati nézőpontból – 2004–2006
Authors: Czakó Erzsébet , Chikán Attila
Published: April 2021

A BCE Versenyképesség Kutató Központ 2006-ban egy hároméves kutatási programot zárt le, amelynek részeredményeiről a Vezetéstudományban rendszeresen megjelentek tanulmányok. A mostani tematikus szám írásai olyan területeket elemeznek, amelyekről korábban nem jelentek meg beszámolók. A tematikus szám bevezetőjeként szolgáló munkájukban a szerzők egy rövid szakmai és módszertani áttekintés után a kutatási program során levont legfőbb következtetéseket és tanulságokat foglalják össze.
A magyar részvénytársasági irányítás az uniós csatlakozáskor
Authors: Bartók István
Published: April 2021

A szerző vizsgálata egy meglehetősen nagy mintán, 129 részvénytársaság esetén, sok szempont figyelembevételével kísérelte meg feltárni a Magyarországon működő részvénytársaságok irányítási tevékenységének főbb jellemzőit. A részvénytársaságok vállalatkormányzási gyakorlata szempontjából legfontosabb intézmény: az igazgatóság működésének és jellemzőinek vizsgálata alapján összességében pozitív kép alakult ki a magyar vállalatkormányzás minőségéről. A testületek összetétele mind létszámuk, mind pedig az igazgatók szakmai háttere tekintetében általában megfelel a nemzetközi normáknak. Az ülések száma alapján arra következtethetünk, hogy a végzett munka mennyiségileg megfelel az elvárásoknak. Az igazgatóságok törekszenek arra, hogy döntéseikhez rendelkezésre álljanak a szükséges információk, és a vállalatok menedzserei támogatják ebbéli törekvésüket. Az igazgatóságok tevékenysége szerteágazó. Betöltik szerepüket a stratégiai menedzsment területén csakúgy, mint személyzeti funkciójukban. Rendszeresen értékelik tevékenységük eredményeit és foglalkoznak a vállalatkormányzás szabályozásával.
A piaci információk szerepe a vezetői döntéshozatalban és a tudásteremtésben
Authors: Keszey Tamara
Published: April 2021

A szerző tanulmányában arra a kérdésre keresi a választ, milyen értéklánc mentén alakul át a piackutatásból származó információ marketingtudássá; mitől függ, hogy a kutatási tanulmány csak egy újabb „papírkupac”, vagy a vezetői döntéstámogatás hasznos eszköze lesz. Eredményei szerint a piackutatások akkor épülnek be hatékonyan a marketing információs rendszerbe, ha a marketingvezető bízik a piackutatóban, és jó minőségűnek tartja az elkészült piackutatást. A döntéshozók nagyobb valószínűséggel tanulnak azokból a piackutatásokból, amelyek egy konkrét kérdés, probléma megoldását segítik, mint az általánosabb, piacleíró tanulmányokból. A szerző többváltozós matematikai-statisztikai modell felállításával azonosítja azokat a változókat, amelyek leginkább magyarázzák piackutatások eltérő mértékű felhasználását. A modellt egy 2003-ban végzett, hazai nagyvállalatokat reprezentáló kérdőíves felmérés mintáján empirikusan teszteli.
Az informális kapcsolathálók működésének nemi különbségei egy szervezetben
Authors: Kürtösi Zsófia
Published: April 2021

Az informális kapcsolathálózatok szerepe egy szervezet olajozott működésében, a feladatok elvégzésében megkérdőjelezhetetlen. A munkatársak egy része többé-kevésbé tudatosan támaszkodik ezen struktúrákra, mások inkább a formális utakat választják, és bíznak a szervezeti bürokráciák személytelen mechanizmusaiban. A végzett kutatás célja annak feltárása volt, hogy vajon egy magyarországi szervezetnél mi a véleménye a férfiaknak és nőknek a karrier, a személyes és a munkahelyi kapcsolatokról egy olyan szervezetben, ahol 80%-os nőtöbbség uralkodik, és a vezetésben is erős többségben vannak a nők. Bár a kapott eredmények nem általánosíthatók, az ilyen jellegű szervezeti kutatások hozzásegíthetnek minket annak megértéséhez, hogy hogyan működnek a szervezeten belüli informális kapcsolathálók és mennyiben befolyásolják a nők és férfiak társas világát.
Az önkormányzati hivatali működés korszerűsítésének irányai és lehetőségei
Authors: Hajnal György
Published: April 2021

A tanulmány a magyar települési önkormányzatok hivatalainak szervezetét és működését érintő korszerűsítési, fejlesztési folyamatokba nyújt bepillantást. A polgármesterek egy országosan reprezentatív, 400 elemű mintáján felvett kérdőíves adatok alapján – többek között – a különféle, a hivatali működési és döntési folyamatokat támogató technikák (pl. ISO, CAF, hatáselemzés) elterjedtségét és megítélését, valamint az önkormányzati döntéshozóknak a „korszerű, hatékony közigazgatás” mibenlétével, fejlesztési lehetőségeivel kapcsolatos elképzeléseit vizsgálja.
A tudásmenedzsment a magyarországi bankokban
Authors: Gulyás János
Published: April 2021

A szerző 2006 első felében végrehajtott banki tudásmenedzsment-felmérésében arra kereste a választ, vajon a hazai bankok milyen szinten ismerik és alkalmazzák a tudásmenedzsment kelléktárát. Összességében a magyar banki helyzetre elmondható, hogy vannak még bőven tartalékok a tudásmenedzsment népszerűsítése és stratégiai szempontú felhasználása terén.
Protraction Facemask Followed by Mandibular Cervical Headgear: an Alternative in the Treatment of Class III Malocclusion with Severe Anterior Open-Bite
Authors: Pithon Matheus , Bernardes Luiz Antonio
Published: April 2021

The present case report describes a conservative and uncommon treatment for class III malocclusion in a woman growing patient with aged eight years and four months. An unconventional treatment modality was used for the treatment of this malocclusion, reverse-pull headgear and distalisation of lower teeth using mandibular cervical headgear in the lower arch. At the end of the treatment (after 33 months), there was correction of the transversal and sagittal occlusal relationship between maxilla and mandible and correct dental intercuspation.
Keywords
Class III malocclusion; Open-bite; Orthodontics.
Development of electrospun-based polyetherimide fibers and diameter analysis for potential use in dental materials
Authors: Kukulka Elisa Camargo , Sato Tabata Prado , Archangelo Karen Cristina , Santos Jéssica Dias , De Souza Joyce Rodrigues , Borges Alexandre Luiz Souto
Published: April 2021

Objetives: this study aimed to fabricate electrospun-based polyetherimide (PEI) fibers, under controlled parameters, and to perform a diameter analysis for potential mechanical improvement of dental materials. Material and Methods: PEI pallets (0.75 g) were dissolved in 2 mL of chloroform and then processed by electrospinning, under a flow rate of 1mLh1 , three different electrical voltages (10kV, 15kV and 20kV) and three distances (10 cm, 15 cm and 18 cm) between the needle tip and collector. These parameter combinations resulted in nine experimental groups that were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and image processing program for diameter measurement. Statistical analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey (5% significance). Results: from SEM images it was possible to observe formation of solid, misaligned and flawless defect-free fibers. And from the statistical analysis, distance (p = 0,0026) and the electric tension (p = 0,0012) showed a significant difference, but not for interaction between then (p = 0,4486). Conclusion: thus, it can be concluded that there is a possibility of the morphology control of PEI electrospun fibers, such as diameter, that can be used for a variety of applications such as incorporation in dental materials in order to improve its properties.
Keywords
Electrospinning technique; Fibers; Polyetherimide; Polymer.
Influence of fibromucosa height and loading on the stress distribution of a total prosthesis: a finite element analysis
Authors: Paes Junior Tarcisio José de Arruda , Tribst João Paulo Mendes , Dal Piva Amanda Maria de Oliveira , Figueiredo Viviane Maria Gonçalves de , Borges Alexandre Luiz Souto , Inagati Cristiane Mayumi
Published: April 2021

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of fibromucosa height on the stress distribution and displacement of mandibular total prostheses during posterior unilateral load, posterior bilateral load and anterior guidance using the finite element analysis (FEA). Material and methods: 3D virtual models were made to simulate the stress generated during different mandibular movements in a total prosthesis. The contacts were simulated according to the physiology, being considered perfectly bonded between cortical and medullar bones; and between cortical bone and mucosa. Non-linear frictional contact was used for the total prosthesis base and fibromucosa, allowing the prosthesis to slide over the tissue. The cortical bone base was fixed and the 100 N load was applied as unilateral load, posterior bilateral load and anterior guidance simulation. The required results were for maximum principal stress (MPa), microstrain (mm/mm) and total displacement (mm). The numerical results were converted into colorimetric maps and arranged according to corresponding scales. Results: The stress generated in all situations was directly proportional to the fibromucosa height. The maximum principal stress results demonstrated greater magnitude for anterior guidance, posterior unilateral and posterior bilateral, respectively. Only posterior unilateral load demonstrated an increase in bone microstrain, regardless of the fibromucosa height. Prosthesis displacement was lower under posterior bilateral loading. Conclusion: Posterior bilateral loading is indicated for total prosthesis because it allows lower prosthesis displacement, lower stress concentration at the base of the prosthesis and less bone microstrain.
 
Keywords
Finite element analysis; Occlusion; Total prosthesis.
Influence of Khat Extract (Catha edulis) on Corrosion Resistance of Co-Cr Dental Alloys
Authors: Al-Subari Rassam , Merzouk Nadia , Kabak Nasser , Guenbour Abdullah , Al-Maweri Sadeq Ali , Alhajj Mohammed Nasser
Published: April 2021

Objective: The aim of this experimental study was to assess the effect of khat extract with different concentrations on the corrosion resistance of cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) dental alloys used for removable denture. Material and Methods: The corrosion resistance of three Co-Cr alloys (Neobond II®, Kera 501® and PD Casta H®) was evaluated in artificial saliva in presence of three different concentrations of khat extracts. Fusayama-Meyer artificial saliva was used as a reference solution. The corrosion properties of the alloys were analyzed using potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and surface analysis. The data was presented in means, standard deviations, and related figures. Comparison between the different concentrations was done using 1-way ANOVA test. The surface analysis was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results: the results showed that the corrosion resistance of the three alloys tested (Neobond II®, Kera 501® and PD Casta H®) decreased in artificial saliva containing khat extract compared with that of the reference solution. Additionally, the corrosion resistance of the three Co-Cr dental alloys decreased by increasing the concentration of khat extract. Furthermore, the results indicate that Neobond II® alloy showed the least corrosion resistance compared with that of Kera 501® and PD Casta H® alloys. Conclusion: Khat extract with different concentrations had negative impact on the corrosion resistance of Cr-Co alloys. More in-vivo studies are highly recommended to confirm the results of the present study
 
Keywords
Khat; Catha edulis; Partial denture; Corrosion resistance.
Emotional, behavioral, and social effects of anterior tooth loss: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Sayed Mohammed , Lunkad Honey , Jurado Carlos Alberto , Tsujimoto Akimasa , Ahmed Walaa Magdy
Published: April 2021

Objective: The study aims to evaluate the emotional, behavioural, and social effects of single or multiple anterior tooth loss. It also compares the effectiveness of the removable and fixed prosthesis to address the impact of anterior tooth loss. Material and Methods: The study was carried out on 70 subjects who presented to the Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences. A questionnaire was distributed and the data were statistically analyzed using SPSS version 18.0 and values less than 0.05 % were considered statistically significant. Results: The participant’s difficulty to accept loss of their anterior tooth, embarrassment and confidence were changed significantly after wearing the prosthesis (P< 0.05). Moreover, fixed partial denture had more effect than removal partial denture. It was claimed by 62.9% of the participants that they were not prepared for the effect of tooth loss and 47.1% of them thought that a prior explanation from the dentist would have helped them overcome their fear of losing their teeth. Conclusion: The maximum impact of anterior tooth loss was felt on confidence followed by embarrassment. The participants felt more comfortable after wearing their prosthesis. Fixed partial denture had more effect than removable partial denture.
Keywords
Emotional; Behavioral; Social; Anterior tooth loss.
Keywords
Emotional; Behavioral; Social; Anterior tooth loss.
Knowledge Level of Iranian Dental Practitioners Towards Digital Radiography And Cone-Beam Computed Tomography
Authors: Salemi Fatemeh , Shokri Abbas , Foroozandeh Maryam , Farhadian Maryam , Yeganeh Ayoub
Published: April 2021

Objective: This study aimed to assess the knowledge level of Iranian dental practitioners about digital radiography(DR) andcone-beamcomputedtomography (CBCT). Material and Methods: In this crosssectional study, a researcher-designed questionnaire was administered among 180 general dentists and specialists. The questionnaire had three main domains of demographic information, fifteen questions about knowledge of DR (advantages, disadvantages, physical properties) and twenty six questions about knowledge of CBCT (indications, applications, advantages, route of knowledge acquisition). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results: Of 180 participants, 76 (42.2%) were females. The minimum, maximum and mean± standard deviation scores obtained in DR were 4, 14, and 9.031 ± 1.85 and in CBCT were 0,26 and 18.56 ± 4.81, respectively. In the CBCT domain, the participants had maximum knowledge about “low radiation dose” (72.8%) and minimum knowledge about the “role of CBCT in determination of bone density” (45%). In DR domain, the participants had maximum knowledge about “no need for radiographic films” (75.6%) and minimum knowledge about “not requiring manual processing” (15.6%). Overall, participants had higher level of knowledge about CBCT than DR. An inverse correlation was noted between age and work experience with the number of correct answers. However, no significant difference was noted in the knowledge level of males and females regarding CBCT or DR (p = 0.233 and p = 0.227, respectively). Conclusions: further education seem imperative for dentists in this respect for more efficient diagnosis and treatment planning, minimize patient radiation dose and save time and cost.
 
Keywords
Digital radiography; Cone-Beam computed tomography; Knowledge; Dentists.
Carrying Capacity for Ruminant Based on Plantation Byproducts and Potency of Enteric Methane Emission
Authors: Tresia Gresy Eva , Puastuti Wisri , Inounu Ismeth
Published: April 2021

Feed is one of the main pillars that need to be considered in optimizing production parameters in order to develop an efficient livestock business. Two aspects that need to be considered in order to make agricultural byproducts as a source of feed; those are the availability of raw materials for animal rations with high economic value and the function to  reduce environmental pollution. Methane emissions are not only related to environmental problems, but also reflect the loss of some energy from livestock so that it cannot be used for the production process. The purpose of this paper is to review and estimate the carrying capacity for ruminant based on plantation by-products based feed and potential enteric methane emissions. The availability of feed from agricultural byproducts in Indonesia is estimated at 69.6 million tonnes of dry matter (DM), 34.8 million of total digestible nutrient (TDN), and 5 million tonnes of crude protein (CP)/year so it is estimated that it can accommodate 62.4 million livestock unit (LU) based on the DM availability or 39.1 million LU based on TDN availability or 51.6 million LU based on CP availability. From these calculations, it was found that the carrying capacity for ruminant in Indonesia could still be increased much greater than the current livestock population, namely 21.7-45 million livestock units if all byproducts are used entirely as components in rations. There are two groups of feed originating from plantation byproducts based on the potential for methane emissions produced, namely low (65-73 g CH4 / kg of material) and high (83-103 g CH4 / kg of material). Utilization of plantation byproducts as ruminant feed is expected to overcome the shortage of forage, especially during dry season. Utilization of these byproducts which in line with efforts to reduce methane emissions would enhance the development of livestock populations in friendly environment.
Transthoracic ultrasound shear wave elastography for the study of subpleural lung lesions
Authors: Quarato Carla Maria Irene , Venuti Mariapia , Dimitri Lucia , Lacedonia Donato , Simeone Anna , Mirijello Antonio , De Cosmo Salvatore , Maiello Evaristo , Taurchini Marco , Scioscia Giulia , Barbaro Maria Pia Foschino , Copetti Massimiliano , Sperandeo Marco
Published: April 2021

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess whether new-generation shear wave elastography (SWE) is suitable for the characterization of lung subpleural lesions.Methods: In total, 190 consecutive patients with subpleural lung lesions received ultrasonography and SWE. Patients with suspected malignancy underwent ultrasound-guided transthoracic needle biopsy. Final diagnoses were made on the basis of patients’ clinical course, microbiological studies, and histological results. SWE was also performed in 25 healthy volunteers.Results: We found no statistically significant differences in stiffness between lung carcinomas, lung metastases, and pneumonia (P=0.296) or between different histological types of lung cancer (P=0.393). Necrosis was associated with reduced stiffness in pneumonia. Excluding necrotic lesions, pneumonia showed higher stiffness than lung carcinomas (2.95±0.68 m/s vs. 2.60±0.54 m/s, P=0.006). Chronic pneumonia showed increased stiffness (3.03±0.63 m/s), probably due to the presence of fibrotic tissue on histology. Pleural effusion was associated with a statistically significant reduction in stiffness, both in lung carcinomas (P=0.004) and lung metastases (P=0.002). The presence of air in healthy lung tissue may lead to incorrect speed estimates due to shear wave reflection (very high values, 14.64±2.19 m/s).Conclusion: Transthoracic SWE could not distinguish lung malignancy from pneumonia, or between different histological types of lung carcinomas. In particular, SWE seems unable to resolve the clinical dilemma of chronic subpleural consolidations.
Urban or Rural GP? In the Czech Republic It Is not just Distances That Matter
Authors: Bělobrádek Jan , Šídlo Luděk , Javorská Kateřina , Halata David
Published: April 2021

This article proposes a combined mixed methods approach to categorising GP practices. It looks not only at location but also at differences in the nature of the work that rural GPs perform. A data analysis was conducted of the largest health insurance company in the Czech Republic (5.9 million patients, 60% of the population, 100% coverage within the Czech Republic). We performed two data analyses, one for 2014–2015 and one for 2016, and divided GP practices into urban, intermediate, and rural groups (taking into account the OECD methodology). We compared groups in terms of the total annual cost in CZK per adult registered insurance holders. The total volume of data indicated the financial costs of €1.52 billion and €2.57 billion respectively. Both analysis showed differences between all groups of practises which confirmed the assumption that the work of the GP is influenced by regionality. A multidisciplinary hospital is the main factor that fundamentally affects the way a GP’s work in that area. The proposed principle of categorising general practices combines geographical and cost characteristics. This requires knowledge of the cost data of healthcare payer and on the basic demographic knowledge of the area. We suggest this principe may be transferrable and particularly suitable for categorising general practice.
Civil liability for artificial intelligence products versus the sustainable development of CEECs: which institutions matter?
Authors: Godlewska Małgorzata , Morawska Sylwia , Banasik Przemysław
Published: April 2021

The aim of this paper is to conduct a meta-analysis of the EU and CEECs civil liability institutions in order to find out if they are ready for the Artificial Intelligence (AI) race. Particular focus is placed on ascertaining whether civil liability institutions such as the Product Liability Directive (EU) or civil codes (CEECs) will protect consumers and entrepreneurs, as well as ensure undistorted competition. In line with the aforementioned, the authors investigate whether the civil liability institutions of the EU and CEECs are based on regulations that can be adapted to the new generation of robots that will be equipped with learning abilities and have a certain degree of unpredictability in their behaviour. The conclusion presented in the paper was drawn on the basis of a review of the current literature and research on national and European regulations. The primary contribution that this article makes is to advance the current of the research concerning the concepts of AI liability for damage and personal injury. A second contribution is to show that the current civil liability institutions of the EU as well as the CEECs are not sufficiently prepared to address the legal issues that will  start to arise when self-driving vehicles or autonomous drones begin operating in fully autonomous modes and possibly cause property damage or personal injury.
Access to standard essential patents and antitrust enforcement: the case for licensing component manufacturers
Authors: Sikorski Rafał
Published: April 2021

The ability to compete on numerous markets today depends on access to technological standards. When standards are protected by standard essential patents (SEP), a license to use such SEPs will be required. There have been numerous disputes in various jurisdictions over refusals to license SEPs. Most recently, disputes concern access to SEPs by the manufacturers of components. Some SEP holders deny access to their standard essential patents to component manufacturers and prefer to license end product producers. This practice has become a highly contentious issue around the world. In particular, manufacturers of components who are denied access to SEPs claim that such refusals amount to violations of competition rules. The author examines this highly contested practice is an attempt to show when denying access to an SEP license could harm competition.
Liwiusz Wojciechowski, Napływ zagranicznych inwestycji bezpośrednich a produktywność gospodarek krajów Grupy Wyszehradzkiej, Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, 2019, ss. 200
Authors: Gorynia Marian
Published: April 2021

Liwiusz Wojciechowski, Napływ zagranicznych inwestycji bezpośrednich a produktywność gospodarek krajów Grupy Wyszehradzkiej, Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, 2019, ss. 200
History will teach us nothing? Evolution of the copyright framework for educational uses
Authors: Klafkowska-Waśniowska Katarzyna
Published: April 2021

This article contributes to joins the discussion on the copyright framework for educational uses, focusing on the analysis of Article 27 of the Polish Copyright Act, Article 5 of the Directive on copyright and related rights in the Digital Single Market, and Article. 10 of the Berne Convention. Polish copyright law, the Berne Convention and EU Directives are analysed from the historical perspective to answer the question of whether the legal framework for limitations and exceptions for educational uses has changed to respond adequately to the needs of modern education. The concept of ‘illustration for teaching’ is critically analysed, leading to the conclusion that it reflects narrow approach which fails to address pupils/ students’ activities sufficiently. The objective of the article is to emphasize that modern education needs a flexible approach to educational activities with the use of works. It is emphasized, that the objectives of education and copyright are converging, particularly in the area of the conscious use and adequate description of the source of information.
O różnych sposobach dążenia do specjalizacji sędziów orzekających w sprawach administracyjnych
Authors: Piątek Wojciech
Published: April 2021

Punktem wyjścia opracowania jest teza o potrzebie specjalizacji, fachowości sędziów orzekających w sprawach administracyjnych. Następnie przedstawiono różne sposoby, przy zastosowaniu których cel ten może zostać osiągnięty, zarówno w ramach wyodrębnionej gałęzi sądownictwa administracyjnego, jak i w obrębie jednolitego systemu sądownictwa powszechnego. W artykule wskazano ponadto podnoszone w literaturze negatywne strony nadmiernej specjalizacji sędziowskiej, co jednak nie powinno prowadzić do zanegowania samej idei znajomości coraz bardziej szczegółowych obszarów prawa administracyjnego, która dla wydawania zgodnych z prawem i społecznie akceptowalnych rozstrzygnięć jest niezbędna.
Zwolnienia i ulgi w podatku dochodowym od osób fizycznych a zasada sprawiedliwości podatkowej
Authors: Mariański Adam
Published: April 2021

Ustawodawca podatkowy ma bardzo dużą swobodę w kształtowaniu elementów konstrukcyjnych podatków, w tym zwłaszcza wprowadzania ulg i zwolnień podatkowych. W podatku dochodowym od osób fizycznych ich katalog jest bardzo szeroki. Przyczyny ich ustanawiania są bardzo zróżnicowane. Jedną z nich jest konieczność wyłączania z opodatkowania przychodów, które mieszczą się w szeroko ujętej podstawie opodatkowania, a nie stanowią przysporzenia majątkowego dla podatnika. Inne mają za zadanie korektę podstawy opodatkowania w celu zapewnienia opodatkowania według kryterium zdolności płatniczej. Mogą one także mieć charakter stymulacyjny bądź redystrybucyjny. Należy zatem zastanowić się, jakie są przyczyny wprowadzania tak rozległego katalogu zwolnień i ulg w podatku dochodowym od osób fizycznych. Szczególnie istotne jest ustalenie, czy przejęcie dochodu podatkowego jako wyznacznika zdolności płatniczej może zapewnić sprawiedliwe opodatkowanie, zwłaszcza bez konieczności dokonywania korekt poprzez ulgi i zwolnienia podatkowe.
Rekomendacja Komitetu Nauk Prawnych Polskiej Akademii Nauk w sprawie ujawniania konfliktu interesów w prawniczych publikacjach naukowych
Authors: PAN Komitet Nauk Prawnych
Published: April 2021

Rekomendacja Komitetu Nauk Prawnych Polskiej Akademii Nauk w sprawie ujawniania konfliktu interesów w prawniczych publikacjach naukowych
Polityka energetyczna w programach największych polskich partii politycznych w wyborach parlamentarnych w 2019 roku
Authors: Kamprowski Rafał
Published: April 2021

Przedmiotem badań niniejszego artykułu jest wizja kreowania polityki energetycznej obecna w programach politycznych największych polskich partii politycznych w 2019 roku. Należy podkreślić, iż głównym jej celem jest zapewnienie bezpieczeństwa energetycznego. Celami podjętych przez autora badań jest wskazanie, omówienie i porównanie koncepcji zapewnienia Polsce bezpieczeństwa energetycznego w przypadku wygrania wyborów parlamentarnych. Do osiągnięcia tak określonych celów badań posłużyły następujące problemy badawcze: w jakim zakresie zapewnienie Polsce bezpieczeństwa energetycznego jest obecne w analizowanych programach politycznych? Poprzez jakie narzędzia największe partie polityczne w Polsce kreowały energetyczny wymiar bezpieczeństwa? Jakie główne trudności w zapewnieniu bezpieczeństwa energetycznego Polski uwypuklają badane partie polityczne? Czy istnieje zbieżność partii politycznych w wizji zagwarantowania Polsce bezpieczeństwa energetycznego? W poniższym artykule posłużono się następującymi metodami badawczymi: porównawczą oraz analizy źródeł. Zastosowano również technikę analizy treści.
Elicitação com quitosana no crescimento e nos compostos voláteis de Mentha arvensis in vitro
Authors: De Oliveira Thainá , De Carvalho Alexandre Alves , Bertolucci Suzan Kelly Vilela , Rocha João Pedro Miranda , Cossa Melvis Celeste , Pinto José Eduardo Brasil Pereira
Published: April 2021

Elicitores são substâncias com a capacidade de induzir a produção de metabólitos secundários específicos. Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de quitosana suplementada no meio de cultura no crescimento, produção de pigmentos fotossintéticos e compostos voláteis de Mentha arvensis. Segmentos nodais de M. arvensis foram inoculados em meio MS suplementados com cinco concentrações de quitosana (0, 50, 100, 150 e 200 mg L-1). Após 30 dias de cultivo, avaliou-se o comprimento de brotos, as biomassas secas de folha, caule, raiz e total. Além disso, as análises dos compostos voláteis e pigmentos fotossintéticos foram investigados.  A adição de quitosana em 100 mg L-1 promoveu maiores acúmulos de biomassas secas em todos os órgãos avaliados. Por outro lado, maiores concentrações de quitosana (150 e 200 mg L-1) apresentaram efeito fitotóxico nas plântulas. Maiores teores de clorofila a e carotenoides foram observados sem a suplementação com quitosana e clorofila b com 200 mg L-1. A quitosana influenciou a concentração dos constituintes voláteis in vitro. Na menor concentração de quitosana (50 mg L-1) houve maior acúmulo de pulegona, 100 mg L-1 de limoneno e 200 mg L-1 de mentol e mentona.
Prospection of the quality and bioactive potential of the seedless watermelon
Authors: Oliveira Milena Maria Tomaz de , Alves Ricardo Elesbão , Silva Leirson Rodrigues da , Barreto Norma Danielle
Published: April 2021

The present investigation aimed to evaluate the prospection of the quality and the bioactive potential of four seedless watermelon hybrids. Fruits were collected from the commercial farms located at the Jaguaribe-Açu agricultural Valley/RN and Jaguaribe Valley/CE, Brazil. Plant material included the hybrids 'Ashira', 'Extasy', 'Mickylee' and 'Valentino'. The following parameters were evaluated: fruit weight; longitudinal and transverse diameter; fruit shape index; pulp firmness; pulp color; shell thickness; soluble solids, titratable acidity, pH, soluble solids and titratable acidity ratio, total and reducers soluble sugars, vitamin C, total carotenoids, lycopene, yellow flavonoids, total anthocyanins and total polyphenols. The trial was carried out by a completely randomized design. The comparison of means was performed using one way ANOVA at the Tukey HSD test. All the hybrids showed fruits small, i.e., “icebox” type, with mean values lower than 5.5 kg, spherical shape and a higher portion of edible pulp. The fruits showed high pulp firmness leading a great resistance to mechanical injuries sustained due to transport, besides long postharvest shelf life. 'Ashira' showed the highest proportion of sugars present in the fruit due to the increase of 73% in the SS/AT ratio compared to the other hybrids. 'Extasy' presented high content of total carotenoids whereas 'Ashira' stood out in the content of total polyphenols. The hybrids are promising alternatives to the local and export watermelon market, in view of the high quality and bioactive potential linked to the good adaptability and stability under the growth conditions.