bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aperiodic steady-state stability criterion of electric power system with controlled series compensation on 200 kV line
Authors: Golov V.P. , Kalutskov A.V. , Kormilitsyn D.N. , Sukhanova O.S.
Published: December 2020

Currently there is a need to synchronize operation of the electric power system in the remote areas and increase of existing lines transmission capacity. The construction of new power transmission lines involves high economic expenditures. Well-known papers consider the issues of application of controlled series compensation devices only for long-distance power transmission lines with voltage of 500 kV and higher to increase the transmission capacity and the level of stability. The aim of the study is to increase the stability and the limit of the transmitted power when controlled series compensation devices are installed on 220 kV lines. It is necessary to develop a criterion of aperiodic steady-state stability of an electric power system with a 220 kV-controlled power transmission line. Methods of mathematical modeling of electric power system, the theory of long-distance power transmission lines and electromechanical transients, and methods of analyzing electric power system stability were used. A.M. Lyapunov’s first approximation method was used to develop a simplified mathematical model. We applied the developed software as a simulation tool. An analysis was carried out to study the influence of series compensation devices regulation coefficients on the aperiodic steady-state stability of the electric power system and the transmission capacity of 220 kV power transmission lines. A change in the modulus of voltage drop at the power transmission and the angle characteristics under the influence of the regulation coefficients of the series compensation device was revealed. A criterion of aperiodic steady-state stability has been developed for systems of this kind with controlled series compensation. It differs from traditional ones by considering the changes in the voltage drop in the power transmission and it allows more accurate estimation of the proximity to the stability threshold. An assessment of aperiodic steady-state stability according to the formulated criterion for an electric power system with a controlled series compensation device on a 220 kV line was obtained. The values of the control coefficients of the series compensation device have been determined. No violation of the steady-state stability occurs under the given values. The results can be used to solve the issues of increasing the transmission capacity of transmission lines to improve the stability of the system.
Reports presented at the meetings of the Moscow religious-philosophical society in memory of Vladimir Solovyov 1907–1908 гг.
Authors: Volkov A.V.
Published: December 2020

We present here a list of meetings of the Moscow Religious and Philosophical Society in Memory of Vladimir Solovyov (hereinafter: MRPS) held during the 1907–1908 season. We analyze the reports and lectures of V.F. Ern, V.P. Sventsitsky, E.N. Trubetskoy, A. Bely, V.I. Ivanov, and other members and guests of the MRPS. The following essay also presents the discrepancies in the meeting dates of different researchers of the MRPS. A list of all known publications of the reports and lectures presented at the MRPS is also given. In addition, we trace references to meetings of the MRPS by other investigators as well as references in archival material and surviving letters by members of the MRPS.
Antimicrobial activity of leaves extracts against bacteria isolated from wound infections
Authors: BMT Goris , KG Sabahalkheir , AA Ibrahim , AA Ibrahim , MM Ishaq , LO Ibrahim
Published: December 2020

Background: Lawsonia inermis (L. inermis) is perennial plant commonly called henna. It is frequently cultivated in Sudan. Beside its uses cosmetics for staining hands and as hairs dyes‚ it was reported to be useful in jaundice, enlargement of spleen, calculus affliction and skin disease. Method: This descriptive study was done during the period from December 2014 to April 2015 in order to determine the invitro antimicrobial activity of L. inermis (henna) leaves extract against standard and clinical isolates from wound swabs, including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Proteus species, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These organisms were collected from different hospitals in Khartoum State including: Soba University Hospital, Military Teaching Hospital, and Laboratory Management Center. The in vitro antimicrobial susceptibly testing was performed using cup plate diffusion method. The activity of L. inermis Linn leaves extract was controlled with four reference antibiotics including gentamicin, oxacillin, ciprofloxacin, and impinim. Results: When aqueous extract of L. inermis Linn examined against standard bacteria and clinical isolates result showed that all standard bacteria were inhibited at 100%, 50%, and 25% concentration. All clinical isolates were successfully inhibited at 100%, 50%, 25%, and 12.5%. In contrary, the activity of methanolic extract of L. inermis Linn against standard bacteria showed that all standard bacteria were inhibited at 100%, 50% concentration, However, the clinical isolates showed an inhibition rate various depending on the concentration of methanolic extract of L. inermis Linn with S. aureus being most sensitive isolate. Conclusion: We conclude that aqueous and methanolic extract of henna exhibited antimicrobial activity against all types of tested organisms both clinical and standard isolates. But the aqueous extract shows superior inhibition ability than the methanolic.
Clinical and morphofunctional features of the cardiovascular system in children with remheld syndrome
Authors: Lymarenko Maryna P. , Iskovich Daria V.
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to an urgent problem of pediatrics Remheld syndrome. The aim of the present work was to study the clinical and morphofunctional features of the cardiovascular system in children with Remkhelds syndrome. 23children from 10 to 18 years old with Remkhelds syndrome were examined.Research methods.Study of blood biochemical parameters (MV-CPK, ASLO titer, C-reactive protein), identification of persistent viral infection markers, ECG, daily monitoring of ECG and blood pressure by Holter, echocardiography, ultrasound of the vessels of the head and neck, ultrasound of the thyroid gland, ultrasound organs of the gastrointestinal tract. In the anamnesis, 78,3% of children had chronic gastroduodenitis, 21,7% had gastroesophageal reflux disease, and 8,7% had a hiatal hernia. All patients complained of cardialgia, interruptions in the work of the heart, a feeling of lack of air, dizziness upon admission. The appearance of noted complaints was associated with eating.Results.A study of the state of the cardiovascular system showed the presence of sinus tachycardia in 60,9% of patients, sinus bradycardia in 34,8%, single supraventricular extrasystole in 13,0%, paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia in 4,3%,and 4,3% autonomic sinus node dysfunction, in 13,0% congenital heart disease (patent ductus arteriosus, bicuspid aortic valve), in 8,7% mitral valve anterior prolapse, in 4,3% a patent foramen ovale, in 95,7% of children vegetative-vascular dysfunction.Conclusion.Children and adolescents with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, when cardiac complaints appear, need an in-depth examination of the cardiovascular system.
EFEITOS DA ADOÇÃO DA IFRS 16 NOS INDICADORES DE DESEMPENHO DE ENTIDADES ARRENDATÁRIAS
Authors: Colares Ana Carolina Vasconcelos , Gomes Antônio Paulo Machado , Bueno Luiz Carlos de Lima , Pinheiro Laura Edith Taboada
Published: December 2020

Esta pesquisa buscou identificar quais foram os efeitos da adoção da IFRS 16 nas contas patrimoniais e nos indicadores de desempenho de entidades arrendatárias. Para tanto, analisaram-se as demonstrações financeiras do ano de 2016 de uma amostra de 46 companhias abertas brasileiras que continham arrendamento mercantil operacional no período. Foram identificados os valores de despesas futuras correspondentes aos arrendamentos mercantis operacionais e trazidos a valor presente pela taxa do IGP-M 7,19% acumulado em dezembro de 2016 e simulada a nova contabilização a partir do reconhecimento dos ativos, passivos e depreciação do período. Após a nova forma de contabilização foi feito um comparativo entre os indicadores de liquidez, endividamento e rentabilidade calculados antes e após a IFRS 16, aplicando-se o teste Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney para verificar a diferença estatística entre os indicadores com a simulação dos dados. Os resultados da pesquisa evidenciaram que haverá um aumento significativo nas contas patrimoniais e uma redução no resultado, reduzindo indicadores de liquidez, de endividamento no curto prazo e de rentabilidade das arrendatárias, e um acréscimo significativo na estrutura de capital das empresas, concluindo que a mudança na contabilização dos arrendamentos irá impactar na percepção dos usuários da informação contábil quanto ao desempenho das entidades arrendatárias.
ESTRESSE FINANCEIRO E GERENCIAMENTO DE RESULTADOS: UM ESTUDO COM COMPANHIAS BRASILEIRAS LISTADAS NA B3
Authors: Souza Queiroz Alex Diego , Dias Filho José Maria , Sousa Gonçalves Diego Emanoel
Published: December 2020

O principal objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar se empresas que passam por dificuldades financeiras tendem a gerenciar mais seus resultados do que empresas consideradas saudáveis. A amostra foi composta por 68 empresas não-financeiras listadas na B3, sendo 34 companhias em situação pública de dificuldades financeiras e um grupo de controle em igual número formado por firmas saudáveis de características similares ao primeiro grupo. A janela temporal considerada no estudo compreendeu o período de 2012 a 2016. Analisou-se o gerenciamento de resultados nos dois últimos anos que antecederam o ingresso da empresa em situação de estresse financeiro. Para detecção do gerenciamento de resultados, adotou-se o modelo de Jones (DECHOW et al., 1995). A fim de verificar a existência ou não de associação entre dificuldade financeira e gerenciamento de resultados, recorreu-se à regressão por meio da análise de dados em painel. Os resultados foram estatisticamente significativos e nos permitem afirmar que empresas em dificuldades financeiras estão mais propensas a gerenciar seus resultados do que empresas que se encontram em situação financeira confortável.
Knowledge attitude practice study of diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Jani Chinmay , Desai Tejas , Kapadia Fatema , Dave Harsh , Shah Arth , Patel Vaishnavi , Patel Astha , Jani Ruchi , Shah Darshil , Pandya Jinal
Published: December 2020

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is an important cause of visual impairment. It is preventable with proper screening and treatment of diabetes. Therefore, it is necessary to assess awareness of the disease in the population and educate them. Our study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices regarding diabetes and DR in India.Methods: We conducted a knowledge, attitude, and practice study of 1152 participants belonging to various economic backgrounds across India, using a validated questionnaire from Shri C. H. Nagri Eye Institute, Ahmedabad. We divided the study population into diabetics and non-diabetics. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 20.Results: Out of 1152, 121 (10.5%) were diabetics and 1031 (89.5%) were nondiabetics. Mean age of diabetics (55.71) was higher than non-diabetics (37.55) (p<0.001). Only 34% of non-diabetics and 55% of diabetics knew about DR. There was a positive co-relation between knowledge of diabetes (r=0.262, p<0.001) and DR (r=0.096, p=0.031) with the level of education. Only 20% admitted that diabetics were at a higher risk for eye problems. A significant portion of participants (40%) said they were never counselled for DR and 54% never had a fundus examination.Conclusions: The There is a clear lack of knowledge regarding diabetes and diabetic retinopathy. An alarming percentage of patients were never told about the complications and need for regular fundus examinations. There is an urgent need to increase its awareness. A collaborative approach of general-practitioners, ophthalmologists, diabetologist as well as health-policy makers is required to provide needs-based, context-specific comprehensive diabetic care in India.
60 años del BID en Chile
Authors: Cortés Patricio , Martínez Yolanda , Mashini Dominique , Mata Susana , Miller Sebastián , Montenegro Fernando , Robles Paola , Vera Felipe
Published: December 2020

Publicación con los proyectos claves que el Banco financió en Chile en los 60 años del Banco en el país. Este documento contó con la colaboración de todos los especialistas que participan en el equipo de país de Chile.
GDLab: Iniciativa de Conocimiento sobre Género y Diversidad
Authors: Bustelo Monserrat , Frisancho Verónica
Published: December 2020

El GDLab, la Iniciativa de Conocimiento sobre Género y Diversidad del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID), promueve, lidera y financia investigaciones de alto impacto para conseguir una sociedad más inclusiva y equitativa en los países de América Latina y el Caribe. Aprende más sobre esta iniciativa y como contribuir en esta publicación.
Gobiernos y sociedad civil avanzando agendas climáticas: El caso de Argentina
Authors: Milano Flavia
Published: December 2020

La aprobación del Acuerdo de París conformó un nuevo régimen global en materia de cambio climático. Los países de América Latina y el Caribe también participan de otros procesos en materia de sostenibilidad ambiental, entre los cuales se encuentran el desarrollo nacional de la Agenda 2030 y la implementación del Acuerdo de Escazú. Estos y otros instrumentos reconocen la importancia de un relacionamiento efectivo con actores de la ciudadanía para implementar los compromisos climáticos. Esta publicación se basa en la experiencia técnica del Grupo BID en materia de participación ciudadana. El estudio identifica buenas prácticas que se han empleado en Argentina para progresar en los compromisos climáticos incluyendo a actores de sociedad civil. El diagnóstico regional completo con las experiencias de Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Jamaica, México y Perú está disponible en: https://publications.iadb.org/es/gobiernos-y-sociedad-civil-avanzando-agendas-climaticas
Gobiernos y sociedad civil avanzando agendas climáticas: El caso de Chile
Authors: Milano Flavia
Published: December 2020

La aprobación del Acuerdo de París conformó un nuevo régimen global en materia de cambio climático. Los países de América Latina y el Caribe también participan de otros procesos en materia de sostenibilidad ambiental, entre los cuales se encuentran el desarrollo nacional de la Agenda 2030 y la implementación del Acuerdo de Escazú. Estos y otros instrumentos reconocen la importancia de un relacionamiento efectivo con actores de la ciudadanía para implementar los compromisos climáticos. Esta publicación se basa en la experiencia técnica del Grupo BID en materia de participación ciudadana. El estudio identifica buenas prácticas que se han empleado en Chile para progresar en los compromisos climáticos incluyendo a actores de sociedad civil. El diagnóstico regional completo con las experiencias de Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Jamaica, México y Perú está disponible en: https://publications.iadb.org/es/gobiernos-y-sociedad-civil-avanzando-agendas-climaticas
Gobiernos y sociedad civil avanzando agendas climáticas: El caso de Colombia
Authors: Milano Flavia
Published: December 2020

La aprobación del Acuerdo de París conformó un nuevo régimen global en materia de cambio climático. Los países de América Latina y el Caribe también participan de otros procesos en materia de sostenibilidad ambiental, entre los cuales se encuentran el desarrollo nacional de la Agenda 2030 y la implementación del Acuerdo de Escazú. Estos y otros instrumentos reconocen la importancia de un relacionamiento efectivo con actores de la ciudadanía para implementar los compromisos climáticos. Esta publicación se basa en la experiencia técnica del Grupo BID en materia de participación ciudadana. El estudio identifica buenas prácticas que se han empleado en Colombia para progresar en los compromisos climáticos incluyendo a actores de sociedad civil. El diagnóstico regional completo con las experiencias de Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Jamaica, México y Perú está disponible en: https://publications.iadb.org/es/gobiernos-y-sociedad-civil-avanzando-agendas-climaticas
Mejores instituciones de pensiones en América Latina y el Caribe: El papel de los mecanismos de monitoreo y de las reglas de ajuste automático
Authors: Bosch Mariano , Cabrita Felix Carolina , García-Huitrón Manuel , Soler Nicolás
Published: December 2020

Para facilitar el proceso de adaptación al envejecimiento sin poner en riesgo otros objetivos de desarrollo económico, los sistemas de pensiones están paulatinamente incorporando mecanismos que cambian dependiendo del contexto demográfico o del equilibrio financiero. Debido a la complejidad política y social de los ajustes paramétricos, algunos países están implementando mecanismos autocorrectores de desequilibrios del sistema pensional. Estos tipos de mecanismos se han denominado, de manera genérica, factores de sostenibilidad o reglas de ajuste. En ocasiones, los factores de sostenibilidad no corrigen los desequilibrios, sino que buscan hacerlos visibles y corregirlos de una forma acompasada y distribuida en el tiempo a través del trabajo legislativo. La adopción temprana de un factor de sostenibilidad que refuerce, clarifique y asegure el equilibrio del sistema contribuye a mejorar la confianza en la sostenibilidad de las finanzas públicas, a dar transparencia a la necesidad de ajustes y a despejar incertidumbres de los ciudadanos. Esta nota recoge, brevemente, cuál ha sido la experiencia internacional en la adopción de mecanismos de monitoreo y reglas de ajuste de los sistemas de pensiones y la resume en una serie de hechos estilizados.
A Pilot Study to Evaluate the Influence of Implant Supported Prosthesis Framework Material on the Stress Distribution in Peri-Implant Bone in Anterior Mandible: A Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Jaiswal Nikita , Raut Anjana , Mishra P. C.
Published: December 2020

Context: Original research. Aims: The aim of the present study to evaluate the effects of prosthetic material on the stress distribution of implant-supported prosthesis in the bone around implants using finite element analysis and to draw a comparison so as to which material causes the least amount of stress on the bone. Settings and Design: In vitro finite element analysis - Comparative study. Methods and Materials: Models of the implants and the mandible were constructed using SOLID WORKS software and then they were transferred to another software ANSYS Work bench for FEA. A four-unit prosthesis was designed in the region of anterior mandible with implants being placed in 32 and 42 regions. The prosthesis was made of different materials in different models, M1 was of made of cobalt chromium framework, M2 was made of Titanium framework, M3 was made of zirconia framework each with layered ceramic. M4 was a monolithic zirconia prosthesis. The values of the Von Mises stresses generated in the implant, superstructure and alveolar bone around were calculated. The total deformation and stress generated in different models were calculated and compared. Statistical analysis used: Von mises Stress Analysis, Unpaired t test. Results: Zirconia and Monolithic zirconia showed comparatively less total deformation and stress levels in peri-implant bone. Titanium prosthesis caused less total deformation and stress distribution as compared to cobalt chromium. Conclusions: The distribution of stress in peri implant bone is evidently dependent on the prosthesis material and different materials cause different amount of deformations as they differ in their clinical properties.
Cytomorphometric Analysis of Exfoliative Cytology in Buccal Mucosa of Smokers and Non Smokers in Diabetic Patients in Salem Population – A Comparative Study
Authors: K. Sanjith , L. Vishalini , Prem Diana , Murugesan Ambika , Ramesh Maya , Palani Rajathi
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Altered cellular microenvironment of oral cavity is a not an uncommon finding in diabetes mellitus patients. Environmental factors also play a pivotal role in cellular changes where tobacco smoking is one of the major risk factor. Aim & Objective: The aim of the study is to find the cytological changes in oral mucosal cells of diabetic people with and without smoking by using cytomorphometric analysis. Materials and Methods: Oral smears were taken from 50 diabetic patients where 25 with smoking habit and 25 without smoking habit from the oral pathology department of Vinayaka mission's Sankarachariyar dental college and hospital. The smears were fixed with 95%ethyl alcohol and stained with hematoxylin and eosin stain. The stained section observed under image analyzer for cytomorphometric analysis. Results: Cellular and nuclear alterations was significantly increased in diabetic patients with smoking habit when compared to diabetic patients without smoking, with a significant P value of 0.001. Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus influences a definite changes in cellular microenvironment in oral mucosa of smokers. However, further research is required to analyze the significance of these findings as a tool for identifying precancerous condition of oral tissues at an early stage.
Flatten the Curve!
Authors: Wieland Thomas
Published: December 2020

Since the emerging of the "novel coronavirus" SARS-CoV-2 and the corresponding respiratory disease COVID-19, the virus has spread all over the world. Being one of the most affected countries in Europe, in March 2020, Germany established several nonpharmaceutical interventions to contain the virus spread, including the closure of schools and child day care facilities (March 16-18, 2020) as well as a full "lockdown" with forced social distancing and closures of "nonessential" services (March 23, 2020). The present study attempts to analyze whether these governmental interventions had an impact on the declared aim of "flattening the curve", referring to the epidemic curve of new infections. This analysis is conducted from a regional perspective. On the level of the 412 German counties, logistic growth models were estimated based on daily infections (estimated from reported cases), aiming at determining the regional growth rate of infections and the point of inflection where infection rates begin to decrease and the curve flattens. All German counties exceeded the peak of new infections between the beginning of March and the middle of April. In a large majority of German counties, the epidemic curve has flattened before the "lockdown" was established. In a minority of counties, the peak was already exceeded before school closures. The growth rates of infections vary spatially depending on the time the virus emerged. Counties belonging to states which established an additional curfew show no significant improvement with respect to growth rates and mortality. Furthermore, mortality varies strongly across German counties, which can be attributed to infections of people belonging to the "risk group", especially residents of retirement homes. The decline of infections in absence of the "lockdown" measures could be explained by 1) earlier governmental interventions (e.g., cancellation of mass events, domestic quarantine), 2) voluntary behavior changes (e.g., physical distancing and hygiene), 3) seasonality of the virus, and 4) a rising but undiscovered level of immunity within the population. The results raise the question whether formal contact bans and curfews really contribute to curve flattening within a pandemic.
Nyelvpolitika: harc a hatalomért (az ukrán államnyelvi törvény apropóján)
Authors: Beregszászi Anikó , Csernicskó István
Published: December 2020

A nyelvpolitika egyik fő céljának tekintik a nyelvi konfliktusok elkerülését vagy kezelését. A valóságban azonban a nyelvpolitika hatékony eszköze a társadalmi javak és a politikai tőke egyenlőtlen elosztásának. Ukrajna törvényét „Az ukrán nyelv államnyelvként való működésének támogatásáról” 2019. április 25-én fogadták el. Ebben a cikkben azt mutatjuk be, hogy a nyelvpolitika miként szolgálhat eszközül a hatalmi harcban, valamint a társadalmi egyenlőtlenségek formálásban és újratermelésben - látszólag az ukrán nyelv védelmére született törvény révén. A cikkben azt is bemutatjuk, hogy a hatalmi harcokban a nyelvpolitika sokszor nem a nyelv miatti konfliktusok elkerülését szolgálja, hanem éppen ellenkezőleg: belső és külső konfliktusokat okoz.
Analógia a jelölt mássalhangzó-kapcsolatra végződő, idegen eredetű főnevek tárgyesetében
Authors: Lantay Gyula
Published: December 2020

Ez a cikk azokat az idegen eredetű főneveket vizsgálja, amelyek végén mássalhangzócsoportok vannak, hogyan viselkednek, amikor a magyar anyanyelvűek ragozzák őket. Más magyar főnevektől eltérően (vagy amit a beszélők magyar főnévnek tartanak), a magyar anyanyelvűek jelentős része ezekhez a főnevekhez kötőhangzó nélkül adja hozzá a ragozási esetjelzőt (pl. taps > tapsot [tɒpʃ] > [tɒpʃot] 'taps, név > acc.' de Hanks > Hankst [hɛŋks] > [hɛŋkst]), ami nagyon váratlan. A vizsgálat az analóg nyelvtan modelljén belül zajlott. A [ks], [ns] vagy [ps] mássalhangzó-csoportra végződő monomorf magyar főnevek csoportja elősegíti egy kötőhangzó megjelenését az idegen eredetű, hármas mássalhangzó-kapcsolatra végződő szavak végén, amikor a magyar beszélők ragozzák őket tárgyesetben. Ha viszont a tárgyesetben az idegen eredetű főnevek végén nincs kötőhangzó, akkor az őket érintő banda azokat a magyar monomorf főneveket foglalja magában, amelyekben [s]-t tartalmazó, nem elágazó kódok találhatók. Három banda hat a kettős mássalhangzó-kapcsolatra végződő idegen eredetű főnevekre. Az első az, ahol az elágazó kód első mássalhangzója [r] vagy [l], és egy kötőhangzóra van szükség. A második és harmadik banda olyan magyar monomorf főneveket tartalmaz, amelyek nem elágazó kódjaik [l]-lel (a második banda esetében) vagy [n]-nel (a harmadik banda esetében) vannak. Ez a két banda lehetővé teszi tagjainak, hogy kimutassák a kötőhangzó hiányát, amikor tárgyesetben vannak.
Késsás vagy Kéffás? Öröklődő szövegromlás legrégebbi csízioinkban
Authors: Forgács Tamás
Published: December 2020

A magyar csíziók legrégebbi példányai a Késsás és a Késás névalakokat tartalmazzák, amelyek valószínűleg a Kéfás, Péter apostol arámi nevének (Cephas ’szikla’) rontott formái. Úgy tűnik, a már elavult késál(kodik) ’küzd, viaskodik’ igéhez köthető rontott s-es alakok kisebb eltérésekkel a későbbi példányokba, köztük az első magyar nyomtatott naptárba az egyedi képzésű késázá formába is átkerültek. Ez megerősíti Heinrich 1880-ban már megfogalmazott véleményét, hogy a magyar csíziók szerzőinek egy része a korábbi kalendáriumokat is felhasználhattak saját munkájukban.
Egy nyelvújítási szó rejtőzködő élete: a burkony
Authors: Kiss Margit
Published: December 2020

A cikk a burkony szó történetét tárgyalja Arany János drámafordítása alapján. A szó mára elavult, de az 1800-as évek második felében a magyar nyelvújítás határozottan elterjedt szava volt. A sajtónyelvi és szakirodalmi példák vizsgálata több következtetést von le: egyrészt a vizsgálat tisztázza a szó etimológiáját és új eredményekkel gazdagítja; másodszor, a jelentős mennyiségű bemutatott anyag komplexen szemlélteti a szó szerkezetét és jelentéstörténetét. Ez az anyag a magyar szótárakban még mindig nem szerepel. Ezt a hiányt pótolva a cikk új eredményekről számol be a szó sajátos szemantikai jellemzőivel és történetével kapcsolatban.
Balaton vidéki fiatalok tájszókészletéről egy kérdőíves vizsgálat tükrében
Authors: Parapatics Andrea
Published: December 2020

Az írás bemutatja annak a nyelvjárási szóállomány-vizsgálatnak az eredményeit, amelyet 2018-ban végeztek egy közép-dunántúli nyelvjárási régió középiskolai gimnáziumának 14–18 éves diákjai körében. A válaszadók (n = 200) abban a kisvárosban élnek, ahol iskolába járnak, vagy a szomszédos falvakban. Egy 88 nyelvjárási szóból álló kérdőívet töltöttek ki, amelyek a Magyar Nyelvjárási Atlasz legközelebbi kutatópontjain (Diszel, Kapolcs, Szentgál) jelöltek, és esélyesek, hogy a mai fiatal beszélők körében ismertek. A kérdőív 14 nyelvjárási szavát egy kivételével nem is ismerték. 74 nyelvjárási szót használnak, ebből 12-t a válaszadók több mint fele használ. A vizsgálat közel ugyanazokat az eredményeket hozta, mint egy korábbi, 2014-es tanulmány ugyanabban az iskolában, ugyanazokkal a módszerekkel. A szerző hipotézise beigazolódott: sok fiatal beszélő ismeri és használja a Magyar Nyelvjárási Atlaszban található nyelvjárási szavakat (az atlasz hatalmas adatmennyiségét 1949 és 1964 között gyűjtötték össze).
A survey of benchmarks for reinforcement learning algorithms
Authors: Stapelberg Belinda , Malan Katherine Mary
Published: December 2020

Reinforcement learning has recently experienced increased prominence in the machine learning community. There are many approaches to solving reinforcement learning problems with new techniques developed constantly. When solving problems using reinforcement learning, there are various difficult challenges to overcome. \par To ensure progress in the field, benchmarks are important for testing new algorithms and comparing with other approaches. The reproducibility of results for fair comparison is therefore vital in ensuring that improvements are accurately judged. This paper provides an overview of different contributions to reinforcement learning benchmarking and discusses how they can assist researchers to address the challenges facing reinforcement learning. The contributions discussed are the most used and recent in the literature. The paper discusses the contributions in terms of implementation, tasks and provided algorithm implementations with benchmarks. \par The survey aims to bring attention to the wide range of reinforcement learning benchmarking tasks available and to encourage research to take place in a standardised manner. Additionally, this survey acts as an overview for researchers not familiar with the different tasks that can be used to develop and test new reinforcement learning algorithms.
Decoding the underlying cognitive processes and related support strategies utilised by expert instructors during source code comprehension
Authors: Khomokhoana Pakiso Joseph , Nel Liezel
Published: December 2020

Many novice programmers fail to comprehend source code and its related concepts in the same way that their instructors do. As emphasised in the Decoding the Disciplines (DtDs) framework, each discipline (including Computer Science) has its own unique set of mental operations. However, instructors often take certain important mental operations for granted and do not explain these 'hidden' steps explicitly when modelling problem solutions. A clear understanding of the underlying cognitive processes and related support strategies employed by experts during source code comprehension (SCC) could ultimately be utilised to help novice programmers to better execute the cognitive processes necessary to efficiently comprehend source code. Positioned within Step 2 of the DtDs framework, this study employed decoding interviews and observations, followed by narrative data analysis, to identify the underlying cognitive processes and related support (though often 'hidden') strategies utilised by a select group of experienced programming instructors during an SCC task. The insights gained were then used to formulate a set of important cognitive-related support strategies for efficient SCC. Programming instructors are encouraged to continuously emphasise strategies like these when modelling their expert ways of thinking regarding efficient SCC more explicitly to their novice students.
Benign interpolation of noise in deep learning
Authors: Theunissen Marthinus Wilhelmus , Davel Marelie , Barnard Etienne
Published: December 2020

The understanding of generalisation in machine learning is in a state of flux, in part due to the ability of deep learning models to interpolate noisy training data and still perform appropriately on out-of-sample data, thereby contradicting long-held intuitions about the bias-variance tradeoff in learning. We expand upon relevant existing work by discussing local attributes of neural network training within the context of a relatively simple framework. We describe how various types of noise can be compensated for within the proposed framework in order to allow the deep learning model to generalise in spite of interpolating spurious function descriptors. Empirically, we support our postulates with experiments involving overparameterised multilayer perceptrons and controlled training data noise. The main insights are that deep learning models are optimised for training data modularly, with different regions in the function space dedicated to fitting distinct types of sample information. Additionally, we show that models tend to fit uncorrupted samples first. Based on this finding, we propose a conjecture to explain an observed instance of the epoch-wise double-descent phenomenon. Our findings suggest that the notion of model capacity needs to be modified to consider the distributed way training data is fitted across sub-units.
Clustering Residential Electricity Consumption Data to Create Archetypes that Capture Household Behaviour in South Africa
Authors: Toussaint Wiebke , Moodley Deshendran
Published: December 2020

Clustering is frequently used in the energy domain to identify dominant electricity consumption patterns of households, which can be used to construct customer archetypes for long term energy planning. Selecting a useful set of clusters however requires extensive experimentation and domain knowledge. While internal clustering validation measures are well established in the electricity domain, they are limited for selecting useful clusters. Based on an application case study in South Africa, we present an approach for formalising implicit expert knowledge as external evaluation measures to create customer archetypes that capture variability in residential electricity consumption behaviour. By combining internal and external validation measures in a structured manner, we were able to evaluate clustering structures based on the utility they present for our application. We validate the selected clusters in a use case where we successfully reconstruct customer archetypes previously developed by experts. Our approach shows promise for transparent and repeatable cluster ranking and selection by data scientists, even if they have limited domain knowledge.
Impact of oak (Q. pyrenaica and Q. pubescens) and cherry (P. avium) wood chip contact on phenolic composition and sensory profile evolution of red wines during bottle storage
Authors: Jordão António M. , Costa Manuela , Fontes Luisa , Correia Ana C. , Miljić Uroš
Published: December 2020

The majority of published work has studied the impact of wood chips on red wine composition by conducting analyses during wood chip contact or immediately after the removal of chips from wine. Less attention has been directed at the potential influence of prior chip-wine contact on the further phenolic and sensory evolution of red wines during bottle storage. Therefore, this work focuses on the evolution over a period of 18 months of several phenolic parameters and sensory characteristics of bottled Touriga Nacional red wines that had previously been in contact with toasted wood chips from cherry (Prunus avium) and two oak species (Quercus pyrenaica and Quercus pubescens) during 30 days of pre-bottling storage. Various global phenolic parameters, colour properties, individual anthocyanin content and sensory profile of the wines were studied at 6, 12 and 18 months of bottle storage. The results showed less decrease in the phenolic composition and red colour of wines which had prior contact with oak chips, as well as a less developed brown colour during bottle storage, compared to the wine previously in contact with cherry chips and the control wine. In addition, wine previously in contact with cherry chips always showed an evolution similar to the control wine. From a sensory point of view, the wines previously in contact with oak wood chips showed a tendency for higher aroma scores for “vanilla” and “coconut” descriptors and lower scores for “brown colour” during bottle storage than wines previously in contact with cherry chips and the control wine. The outcomes of this research could be of practical interest to winemakers since they could improve the knowledge of the impact of prior contact with wood chips in the future evolution of the red wines during bottle storage.
A Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul no cenário brasileiro: notas a partir de Darcy Ribeiro
Authors: Dos Santos Dionei Ruã , Pithan da Silva Sidinei , Pansera de Araujo Maria Cristina
Published: December 2020

O artigo analisa os ideais fundantes de universidades influenciadas diretamente por Darcy Ribeiro bem como seus livros e textos, objetivando diagnosticar sua presença nas universidades da atualidade. O texto estabelece algumas possíveis relações com o projeto da Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul e do curso Interdisciplinar em Educação do Campo, apontando possíveis marcas desse autor, ao mesmo tempo resgatando seus conceitos e atualizando-os em razão de inéditos campos de possibilidades, especialmente no que se refere ao ingresso e permanência, no Ensino Superior, dos povos historicamente excluídos da sociedade, como é o caso de indígenas e sujeitos do campo.
Palavras-chave: Educação do Campo, Projeto de Universidade, Educação Popular.
 
The Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul in the Brazilian scenario: notes from Darcy Ribeiro
Abstract
The article analyzes the founding ideals of universities directly influenced by Darcy Ribeiro as well as his books and texts, aiming to diagnose their presence in universities today. The text establishes some possible relations with the project of the Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul and the Interdisciplinary course in Rural Education, pointing out possible marks of this author, at the same time rescuing his concepts and updating them due to unprecedented fields of possibilities, especially in the which refers to the entry and permanence, in Higher Education, of peoples historically excluded from society, as is the case of indigenous and rural subjects.
Keywords: Rural Education, University Project, Popular Education.
 
La Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul en el escenario brasileño: notas de Darcy Ribeiro
Resumen
El artículo analiza los ideales fundacionales de las universidades directamente influenciadas por Darcy Ribeiro así como sus libros y textos, con el objetivo de diagnosticar su presencia en las universidades de hoy. El texto establece algunas posibles relaciones con el proyecto de la Universidad Federal de Fronteira Sul y el curso Interdisciplinario en Educación Rural, señalando posibles marcas de este autor, al mismo tiempo rescatando sus conceptos y actualizándolos debido a campos de posibilidades sin precedentes, especialmente en el que se refiere al ingreso y permanencia, en la Educación Superior, de pueblos históricamente excluidos de la sociedad, como es el caso de los sujetos indígenas y rurales.
Palabras clave: Educación Rural, Proyecto Universitario, Educación Popular.
Accountability contribuindo na efetivação da universalização do ensino especialmente na Educação do Campo
Authors: Oliveira Claudius Vinicius Souza , Pinho Maria José de
Published: December 2020

O artigo promove a discussão sobre as aplicações das políticas públicas de accountability na educação básica, com destaque para a Educação do Campo, que atende prioritariamente ao objetivo de quantificação dos resultados considerados positivos para utilização com fins ideológicos neoliberais, em detrimento do diagnóstico de situações que precisam avançar para atingir uma educação de qualidade. Assim, o trabalho está fundamentado em uma abordagem qualitativa, desenvolvida por meio de análises bibliográficas em materiais impressos e sites de buscas. As conclusões permitem compreender que as políticas públicas educacionais para universalização do ensino necessitam maiores atenções.
Palavras-chave: Accountability, Universalização, Educação do Campo.
 
Accountability contributing in the effectiveness of education universalization especially in Rural Education
ABSTRACT: The article promotes the discussion on the application of public accountability policies in basic education with emphasis on Rural Education, which primarily serves the objective of quantifying the results considered positive for use with neoliberal ideological purposes, to the detriment of diagnosing situations that need to advance to achieve an education of quality. Thus, the work is based on a qualitative approach developed through bibliographic analysis, in printed materials and search sites. The conclusions allow us to understand that public educational policies for the education universalization need greater attention.
Keywords: Accountability, Universalization, Rural Education.
 
Responsabilidad que contribuye a la efectividad de la universalización de la educación especialmente Educación rural
RESUMEN: El artículo promueve la discusión sobre la aplicación de políticas públicas de rendición de cuentas en la educación básica con énfasis en Educación Rural, que principalmente sirve al objetivo de cuantificar los resultados considerados positivos para su uso con fines ideológicos neoliberales, en detrimento de diagnosticar situaciones que necesitan avanzar para lograr una educación de calidad. Así, el trabajo se basa en un enfoque cualitativo desarrollado a través del análisis bibliográfico, en materiales impresos y sitios de búsqueda. Las conclusiones permiten comprender que las políticas públicas educativas para la universalización de la educación necesitan mayor atención.
Palabras clave: Responsabilidad, Universalización, Educación Rural.
Mechanisms of Enhancer-Promoter Interactions in Higher Eukaryotes
Authors: Georgiev Pavel , Kyrchanova Olga
Published: December 2020

In higher eukaryotes, enhancers determine the activation of developmental gene transcription in specific cell types and stages of embryogenesis. Enhancers transform the signals produced by various transcription factors within a given cell, activating the transcription of the targeted genes. Often, developmental genes can be associated with dozens of enhancers, some of which are located at large distances from the promoters that they regulate. Currently, the mechanisms that underly the specific distance interactions between enhancers and promoters remain unknown. This review describes the properties and activities of enhancers and discusses the mechanisms of distance interactions and potential proteins involved in this process.
FORWARD MODELLING METODE GAYABERAT DENGAN MODEL INTRUSI DAN PATAHAN MENGGUNAKAN OCTAVE
Authors: Nurul Muhammad , Rasimeng Syamsurijal , Yogi Ida Bagus Suananda , Yulianata Aprillia , Yuliantina Aisah
Published: December 2020

The gravity method is a geophysical exploration method to measure variations in the acceleration of gravity on the surface of the earth in response to variations in rocks that exist beneath the surface. In gravity exploration requires a preliminary picture as a reference for measurement. This study aims to make forward modeling synthetic OCTAVE based using synthetic data on subsurface rock structures, so as to produce intrusion and fracture models based on differences in the value of the acceleration of gravity from one point to another on the surface of the earth. Synthetic modeling with the geological parameter approach of the study area is based on variations in the price of rock density. The model parameters used in intrusion modeling are the density value of 2.7 g/cm3 and the depth of 850 meters while the fracture modeling uses a density value of 2.7 g/cm3 with a depth of 350 meters and 360 meters and a thickness of 500 meters. From intrusion modeling, the gravity vertical component of attraction force is 0.03 mGal and in the fracture modeling the gravity vertical component of attraction force is 0.0565 mGal. Based on the results of this modeling, distance curve vs. gravity anomaly response is obtained for both cases. In the intrusion rock model obtained by the profile model with an open type down. While the fracture modeling is obtained anomalous profile curve variation which states that in the fracture area with a significant change in the direction of the curve.
IDENTIFIKASI STRUKTUR BAWAH PERMUKAAN SEBAGAI PENGONTROL SEBARAN MINERALISASI DI DUSUN PLAMPANG DAN SANGON, DESA KALIREJO, KECAMATAN KOKAP, KABUPATEN KULONPROGO, DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Rais Dicky Alviandi , Muhammad Amrupranadi , Panggabean Catherine Monalisa , Ningsih Dewy Widya , Khumayroh Refita
Published: December 2020

Daerah penelitian terletak di Pegunungan Kulon Progo dan merupakan bagian dari zona Pegunungan Selatan berdasarkan Van Bemmelen (1949) yang berbentuk “dome” / kubah dengan arah perpanjangan barat laut - tenggara. Stratigrafi daerah penelitian dibagi menjadi dua satuan batuan, yaitu lava andesit dan andesit porfiri. Terdapat rekahan yang terisi oleh kuarsa (vein) di sekitar lava andesit. Rekahan yang terisi oleh urat tersebut dapat mengakibatkan adanya mineralisasi yang dibuktikan dengan adanya mineral mineral ubahan (alterasi) berupa alterasi advanced argilic dan propilitik yang didasarkan pada studi literatur menurut Pambudi (2018). Daerah penelitian termasuk dalam endapan epitermal sulfida rendah.Berdasakan adanya indikasi tersebut, dilakukan penelitian menggunakan metode geomagnetik untuk menentukan adanya struktur bawah permukaan sebagai pengontrol mineralisasi pada daerah penelitian. Dari metode geomagnetik dilakukan pengolahan hingga menghasilkan Peta Anomali Medan Magnet (HA), Peta Reduce to Pole (RTP), dan Peta Tilt Derivative (TDR). Peta RTP memiliki anomali medan magnet yang monopole. Berdasarkan nilai anomali medan magnet yang cenderung rendah pada Peta RTP dapat diindikasikan struktur sesar berarah barat laut – tenggara, barat – timur, serta barat daya – timur laut. Pada Peta TDR, dilakukan analisa struktur sesar berdasarkan sudut fasa dengan nilai 0 dengan hasil arah struktur sesar yaitu barat laut – tenggara, barat – timur, serta barat daya – timur laut. Indikasi struktur tersebut diduga merupakan pengontrol adanya mineralisasi pada daerah penelitian.
PEMETAAN AKUIFER AIR TANAH KOTA PALOPO PROVINSI SULAWESI SELATAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE GEOLISTRIK
Authors: Nurfalaq Aryadi , Putri Iin Karmila , Manrulu Rahma Hi.
Published: December 2020

Kota Palopo, Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan, di bagian timur berupa dataran rendah terdiri dari endapan aluvial yang dapat berperan sebagai akuifer air tanah. Untuk menjaga ketersediaan air tanah secara berkelanjutan, perlu memetakan potensi air tanah Kota Palopo. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi akuifer air tanah Kota Palopo dan memetakan distribusi potensi air tanah. Metode yang digunakan adalah geolistrik konfigurasi Schlumberger dan pemetaan isoresistivitas menggunakan teknik interpolasi metode Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW). Lapisan akuifer yang mengandung air tanah memiliki nilai resistivitas 0,1 – 183 Ωm pada kedalaman 5 – 60 m yang meliputi 6,2 – 11,5% dari luas Kota Palopo dengan material berupa endapan aluvial seperti lumpur dan pasir. Daerah yang memiliki potensi air tanah terdapat di beberapa lokasi pengukuran seperti Kecamatan Wara, Wara Selatan, Wara Utara, Wara Timur, Bara, Telluwanua, dan Sendana.