bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antibiotic treatment in infants
Authors: Vandenplas Yvan
Published: April 2018

The gastrointestinal microbiome is crucial for the development of a balanced immune system. Antibiotics are frequently administered to infants and cause intestinal dysbiosis. Dysbiosis, also called dysbacteriosis, is a term for a microbial imbalance or maladaptation on or inside the body, such as an impaired gastro-intestinal microbiota. The necessity of administration of antibiotics should be well thought through because of short-term adverse effects such as antibiotic associated-diarrhea. This narrative review highlights the long-term health consequences of antibiotic administration to infants and young children, including overweight, inflammatory bowel syndrome, and allergic disease.  

Conclusion:  The pros and cons of antibiotic administration to infants and young children should be carefully weighed.
Patents on Life: A Brief View of Human Milk Component Patenting
Authors: McClain Valerie W
Published: April 2018

Academic research on human milk, often funded by US governmental grants, has shown that this live substance has health benefits for infants. Since the 1980’s, researchers have been looking for the magic bullets in human milk that bestow various health benefits to breastfed infants. Molecular cloning/genetic engineering has provided researchers with a way to create components in the lab so that formula-fed infants can receive some health advantages possibly similar to those enjoyed by breastfed infants. Researchers believe that their inventions not only benefit premature and full-term infants but also may benefit children and adults in other applications.

Research into human milk and its health benefits has resulted in numerous patents. This paper offers a brief glimpse at six of the many U.S. patents on human milk components: human lactoferrin, human milk oligosaccharides, the probiotic derived from human milk-Lactobaccillus reuteri, and 3 of the Prolacta Bioscience (the for-profit milk bank that developed the first human milk-based infant formula) patents. Questions are briefly raised about these patents. Are they patents on life? Is this biopiracy?
An extensive formal analysis of multi-factor authentication protocols
Authors: Jacomme Charlie , Kremer Steve
Published: April 2018

  Passwords are still the most widespread means for authenticating
  users, even though they have been shown to create huge security
  problems. This motivated the use of additional authentication
  mechanisms used in so-called multi-factor authentication
  protocols. In this paper we define a detailed threat model for this
  kind of protocols: while in classical protocol analysis attackers
  control the communication network, we take into account that many
  communications are performed over TLS channels, that computers may
  be infected by different kinds of malwares, that attackers could
  perform phishing, and that humans may omit some actions. We
  formalize this model in the applied pi calculus and perform an
  extensive analysis and comparison of several widely used protocols
  --- variants of Google 2 Step and FIDO's U2F. The analysis is completely
  automated, generating systematically all combinations of threat
  scenarios for each of the protocols and using the Proverif tool for
  automated protocol analysis. Our analysis highlights weaknesses and
  strengths of the different protocols, and allows us to suggest
  several small modifications of the existing protocols which are easy
  to implement, yet improve their security in several threat scenarios.
Aısı 304 Paslanmaz Çeliğin Direnç Kaynağında Birleşimin Mekanik Özelliklerine Soğuma Hızının Etkisi
Authors: Arabacı Uğur , ÖZÇATALBAŞ Yusuf , KUŞTUTAN Gürhan
Published: April 2018

AISI 304 paslanmaz çelik saclar
özellikle otomotiv, kimya ve gıda endüstrisinde yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır.
Bu malzemenin birleştirilmesinde ise genellikle direnç kaynağı kullanılır.
Direnç kaynağı sonrasında kullanılan farklı soğutma ortamları, birleştirmenin
mekanik özelliklerinde farklılık meydana getirmektedir. Bu çalışmada, AISI 304
paslanmaz çeliğin nokta direnç kaynağındaki akım şiddeti ve soğutma ortamının,
birleştirmenin mekanik özelliklerine ve mikro yapısına etkisi araştırılmıştır. Üç
farklı akım şiddeti ve soğutma ortamında yapılan birleştirme numunelerinin
üzerinde çekme-makaslama ve sertlik deneyleri yapılmıştır. Birleştirmede oluşan
çekirdek morfolojisi ve mikro yapı incelenmiştir. Uygun birleştirme
özellikleri, 7,5 kA akımında ve hava soğutmalı ortamda sağlanmıştır. Artan akım
şiddetiyle çekme-makaslama dayanımı da artmasına rağmen birleştirme aşırı
deforme olmuş ve fışkırma meydana gelmiştir.﻿
EFEKTIVITAS MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR IPA DITINJAU DARI KEMAMPUAN BERKOMUNIKASI SISWA
Authors: Wulandari Nestri Indah , Wijayanti Astuti , Budhi Widodo
Published: April 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan hasil belajar IPA antara pembelajaran menggunakan model Problem Based Learning dengan pembelajaran langsung ditinjau dari kemampuan berkomunikasi siswa. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuasi ekperimen. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMP Negeri 11 Yogyakarta tahun ajaran 2016/2017. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hasil belajar IPA yang menggunakan model Problem Based Learning memperoleh skor rerata 21,22 dan pembelajaran langsungÃÂ  memperoleh skor rerata 18,09. Kemampuan berkomunikasi yang pembelajarannya menggunakan Problem Based Learning memperoleh skor rerata 96,00 dan pembelajaran langsung termasuk memperoleh skor rerata 90,00. Sehingga dapat dinyatakan ada perbedaan yang signifikan. Kesimpulannya, ada signifikan, sehingga ada perbedaan hasil belajar Ipa siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 11 Yogyakarta tahun ajaran 2016/2017 antara pembelajaran menggunakan Problem Based Learning dengan pembelajaran langsung ditinjau dari kemampuan berkomunikasi siswa.The objective of this study is to know the difference of science learning outcomes between learning using Problem Based Learning model and direct learning observed from studentsÃ¢â¬â¢ communication skill. This research is quasi-experiment. This study was conducted at the Junior High School 11 Yogyakarta in the academic year of 2016/2017. The study showed that the average score of science learning outcomes which uses Problem Based Learning model was 21.22, whereas direct learning got the average score of 18.09. Communication skill that the learning process uses Problem Based Learning got the average score of 96.00 whereas direct learning got the average score of 90.00. In conclusion, there is significance, so there is the difference of science learning outcomes of students of class VII of SMP Negeri 11 Yogyakarta academic year 2016/2017 between learning using Problem Based Learning with direct learning in terms of students' communication ability.ÃÂ
Impact of Credit Risk Transfer Techniques on Lending Behavior of Conventional & Islamic Banks in Pakistan
Authors: Saeed Yusra , Ayub Huma
Published: April 2018

Application of risk management techniques gain significant importance after the financial crises of 2008. Banks adopt contemporary risk management techniques to eliminate credit risk associated with the enlargement of their lending volume. The present study aims to analyze the impact of credit derivatives on lending/financing behavior of conventional and Islamic banks of Pakistan. The study used comparative analysis by employing random effect model for the sample of 20 conventional banks and pooled OLS regression on sample size of 5 Islamic banks for the period of 2006-2016. Results of the study show that conventional banks effectively increase their lending volumes by utilizing risk transfer techniques. However, Islamic banks are still at its infancy in utilizing risk transfer techniques due to shariah restrictions. The study recommends policy implications for Islamic bank to introduce innovative shariah compliant hedging instruments to boost their financing portfolios.
Impact of Remuneration and Training and Development on Organizational Commitment
Authors: Ahmad Ashfaq , Shah Syed Mir Muhammad , Bibi Palwasha , Shah Syed Muzafar Hussain
Published: April 2018

This study objects to explore the effect of remuneration and training and development (T&D) on organizational commitment (OC). The emphasis of the current study was to clarify a university through remuneration and T&D can accomplish to retain and to be committed with their academic staff. The current study also highlights that remuneration and T&D are best practices which can be adopted and applied even after changes in environment, practices and technology. The study used a cross-sectional and quantitative mail survey approach by getting responses from 346 by using stratified random sampling. The result revealed that remuneration has a major impact over OC. The result also showed that T&D is a vital factor for the OC in public higher education institutions (HEIs). Theoretically, the current study has contributed towards a body of knowledge concerning to organizational commitment under the domain of social exchange theory (SET). Practically, by employing the current study outcomes HR managers, particularly of the universities will be able to pay their attention to some specific factors such as remuneration and T&D to enhance employee retention. Finally, recommendations and limitation with reference to the current study and sector are presented. This study aims to be beneficial for the HR managers at HEIs and the policy makers.
ANALISIS PELUANG BISNIS MELALUI BUDIDAYA JAMUR TIRAM PUTIH PADA DATARAN RENDAH (STUDI KASUS PADA CV. KEMUNING BANGKALAN)
Authors: Rizqi Maulidyah Amalina
Published: April 2018

Geographical and agricultural conditions exist in the island of Madura that the island of Madura is an area with hot temperatures and has a low rainfall. Therefore in this study in hot areas with minimal rainfall whether businesses or businesses that require cold-tempered land can develop or can be implemented. This research will also see how the development potential of oyster mushroom cultivation business can be run. So using a qualitative paradigm approach will provide flexibility in extracting information from informants about the development of mushroom cultivation business conducted by oyster mushroom farmers in particular Bangkalan regency. From the results of this study can be seen cultivation of white oyster mushroom can be done in lowland area with the supporting factors such as land, water resources and other support. This cultivation business can be done by all gender, can be male and female. The potential or business opportunities through the cultivation of white oyster mushrooms in low areas is very large because the results obtained can be doubled from the capital that must be issued by the business. Even if farmers can be more creative by processing oyster mushrooms into processed products that have added value then the farmers will also get bigger results again, not even just doubled but can be many times over. Because the real business should be able to think creative and innovative.
Okulöncesi Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu Olan Çocuklarda Duyu-Motor-Biliş Fonksiyonları
Authors: ULUYOL Mustafa , YANARDAĞ Mehmet
Published: April 2018

Amaç: Araştırmanın amacı okulöncesi otizm spektrum bozukluğu (OSB) olan çocukların duyu, motor ve sözel olmayan bilişsel işlevleri arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemek ve otizmden etkilenme derecesine göre bu işlevlerin farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığını keşfetmektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya 4-6 yaş 30 OSB’li çocuk dahil edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada otizm şiddetini değerlendirmek için Gilliam Otistik Bozukluk Derecelendirme Ölçeği 2 – Türkçe Versiyonu (GOBDÖ-2-TV), duyusal sorunları değerlendirmek için Duyu Profili (DP), motor profili ölçmek için Bruininks-Oseretsky Motor Yeterlik Testi 2-Kısa Form (BOMYT-2) ve bilişsel işlevleri değerlendirmek için Okulöncesi Sözel Olmayan Zekâ Testi (OSOZT) kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlar: Okulöncesi OSB’li çocukların atipik duyusal yanıtlar sergilediği, sözel olmayan biliş ve motor performanslarının düşük olduğunu göstermiştir. OSB’li çocukların % 96.6’sının BOMYT-2 kategorilerine göre ortalamanın altı ve oldukça altında olduğu tespit edilmiştir. BOMYT-2 ve GOBDÖ-2-TV arasında orta düzey negatif ilişki (r = -.587), OSOZT ve GOBDÖ-2-TV arasında orta düzey negatif ilişki (r = -.402) ve BOMYT-2 ve OSOZT arasında orta düzey pozitif ilişki (r = .442) tespit edilmiştir. Otizmden etkilenme derecesine göre motor performans % 39 ve sözel olmayan işlevler % 27 farklılaşmıştır. Tartışma: OSB’li çocukların duyu-motor-bilişsel işlevlerindeki yaygın bozukluğa rağmen, bireysel eğitim programları OSB’nin temel yetersizliklerine sadece odaklanmamalı, okulöncesi dönemde duyu-motor temelli müdahaleleri de kapsamalıdır.
Tekerlekli Sandalye Kullanan Sporcuların Öz Etkililik-Yeterlilik ve Başa Çıkma Stratejilerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: BAYRAKTAR Şule , ÖKSÜZ Çiğdem
Published: April 2018

Çalışmamızın amacı; tekerlekli sandalye kullanıcısı sporcular ile spor yapmayan tekerlekli sandalye kullanıcısı bireylerin öz yeterlilik düzeylerinin ve başa çıkma stratejilerinin karşılaştırılmasıdır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışmaya tekerlekli sandalye kullanan 50 birey dahil edilmiştir. Bireyler en az 2 yıldır aktif olarak spor yapan ve spor yapmayan bireyler olarak 2 gruba ayrılmıştır. Sosyodemografik bilgi formu, Öz Etkililik-Yeterlilik Ölçeği (ÖEYÖ) ve Başa Çıkma Stratejisi Ölçeği (BÇSÖ) kullanılmıştır. Sonuç: Spor yapmayan tekerlekli sandalye kullanan bireylerin ise yaş ortalamaları 32.9±8.99’dur ve ortalama 9.55±9.75 yıldır tekerlekli sandalye kullanmaktadır. Spor yapan tekerlekli sandalye kullanan bireyler ile spor yapmayan tekerlekli sandalye kullanan bireyler arasında ÖEYÖ alt ölçeklerinden “davranışa başlama” ve” davranışı sürdürme” alt ölçeklerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark bulunmazken; “davranışı tamamlama”, “engellerle mücadele” alt ölçeklerinde ve ÖEY toplam puanında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark bulunmuştur (p<0.05). BÇSÖ alt ölçeklerinden “sosyal destek arama” ve “kaçınma” ölçeklerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark bulunmazken; “problem çözme” alt ölçeğinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Tartışma: Çalışmamızda sporun tekerlekli sandalye kullanan bireylerde öz yeterlilik düzeylerini ve problemlerle başa çıkma becerilerini arttırdığı gösterilmiştir. Bu nedenle bedensel engelli bireylerin spor yapmaya yönlendirilmesinin onların yapıcı ve işlevsel problem çözme becerisi kazanmasına yardımcı olacağı düşüncesindeyiz. Bedensel engelli bireylerin spor yapmaya yönlendirilmesini ve bu konuda desteklenmesini önermekteyiz.
Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu Olan Çocuklarda Kaynaştırma Eğitiminin Uzman ve Ebeveyn Bakış Açısı ile İncelenmesi
Authors: ÜNSAL Esra , ÖKSÜZ Çiğdem
Published: April 2018

Amaç: Bu araştırma Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu olan çocuklarda
kaynaştırma eğitiminin uzman ve ebeveyn bakış açısı ile değerlendirilmesi
amacıyla planlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem:
Araştırmaya çocukları kaynaştırma eğitimi almakta
olan, OSB olan çocuğa sahip 4 ebeveyn ve bir Psikolog ve bir Ergoterapist uzman
dahil edilmiştir. Araştırma nitel araştırma yöntemi
kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sonuçlar: Araştırmamızda kaynaştırma eğitim uygulamaları
ve çocuklara katkıları düşünüldüğünde bireysel farklılıklar ortaya koyulmuştur.
Öğretmen tutumlarının olumlu veya olumsuz niteliğe sahip olabilen katkıları bu
kapsamda en çok dikkat çekilen konu başlığı olmuştur. Ayrıca okul yönetimi ve
destek personeli tutumları hakkında bireylerin eksik farkındalıkları üzerinde
durulmuştur. Toplumsal seviye uygulama prosedürlerinin daha açıklayıcı ifade
edilmesi gerektiği sonucu çıkarılmıştır. Tartışma: Araştırma sonuçlarımızdan elde edilen bilgiler ışığında
kaynaştırma eğitiminde toplumsal bakış açısının iyileştirilmesi ihtiyacı ortaya
çıkmıştır. Çocuğun bireysel ihtiyaçları ve davranış şekillerinin belirlenmesi
ve bu alanda çalışan meslek gruplarının bu konuda bilgilendirilmesi ile
kaynaştırma eğitiminde kalitenin artırılabileceği düşünülmektedir.
PROBLEMS OF THE 2013 CURRICULUM:A CASE STUDY OF IMPLEMENTING ENGLISH ASSESSMENT IN THE 2013 CURRICULUM
Authors: Husnayain Arini
Published: April 2018

The objectives of this study are to explain the implementation of assessment process in teaching English based on curriculum 2013 and to identify the problems faced by English teachers of MAN Lamongan when teaching English based on curriculum 2013.Keywords: implementation, curriculum 2013, assessment
Using Cooperative Learning (Team Pair Solo) to Improve Students Reading Comprehension
Authors: Wibisono Wahyu
Published: April 2018

This research was aimed to apply cooperative learning (Team Pair Solo) as the technique to solve students problems in reading class of the third semester of nursing students in Stikes Patria Husada Blitar. This research design was a Classroom Action Research. The researcher used several instruments; such as observation checklist, field notes, and reading comprehension test. The finding showed that by using cooperative learning (Team Pair Solo), students comprehension in reading could be better than when they were taught by using traditional grammar translation method. This result could be seen from the data, in terms of the students individual reading comprehension test, in preliminary research, the number of students who passed the minimum passing grade (64) were only 2 students (20%). In Cycle 1, 10 students (100%) could pass the minimum passing grade (64). The improvement of students reading comprehension was due to the use of cooperative learning (Team Pair Solo) as the technique in teaching reading. It showed that by using cooperative learning (Team Pair Solo), students motivation and self-esteem increased since the cooperative learning (Team Pair Solo) could accommodate students to be well prepared to the reading passage by discussing in team, pair with other student, and finally they have great self-esteem to stand by their self in reading class. Consequently, students became more motivated in terms of in-class discussion and offered opinions since they were accustomed to express their idea through cooperative learning (Team Pair Solo).     It was suggested to all of English teachers/ lecturers to apply this technique as one of the methods to increase students motivation in English class and also could be used to increase students reading skill. Other researchers were expected to elaborate this cooperative learning with other technique so that there would be alot of technique could be used as refference in teaching english. It was suggested to all of English teachers/ lecturers to apply this technique as one of the methods to increase students motivation in English class and also could be used to increase students reading skill.Keywords: traditional grammar translation method, cooperative learning (Team Pair Solo), reading skill
Berberis lycium a Medicinal Plant with Immense Value
Authors: Sood Purvika , Modgil Rajni , Sood Monika
Published: April 2018

Berberis lycium belong to family Berberidaceae is an evergreen shrub growing in Himalayan region. The various parts of the plant like root, bark, stem, leaves and fruits are used by the people as a medicine or food. This plant has also gained wide acceptance for its medicinal value in ayurvedic drugs. The plant is known to prevent liver disorders, abdominal disorders, skin diseases, cough, ophthalmic etc. Moreover the pharmacological studies have shown that plant is hypoglycemic, hyperlipidemic, hepatoprotective, anticarcinogenic and antipyretic properties. The fruits of the plant are also very nutritious and are rich source of vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, anthocyanin etc. These fruits are consumed in raw form or are utilized in the preparation of juices, jams, preserve etc. by the local inhabitants. In the present article an attempt has been made to summarize the various properties of Berberis lycium plant.
Formulation and Characterization of Transdermal Patches of Losartan
Authors: Nautiyal Ujjawal , Singh Devendra
Published: April 2018

Administration of drugs through skin has received great attention through the last decade.Hence this study aims to formulate an anti-hypertensive drug losartan as transdermal patch using different bioadhesive polymers such as ethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate, and polyvinyl pyrrolidon,hydroxyl propylemethylcellulose with plasticizers propylene glycol(PG). Patches were prepared though solvent evaporation method, The backing membrane was a non permeable aluminium foil laminated with polyethylene and evaluated for thickness uniformity, Uniformity of weight, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Surface pH,Swelling studies, Drug content uniformity Effect on agingn, skin irritation potential, and In vitro release study.Patches exhibited controlled release over more than 2 hr.It was concluded that patches containing 30 mg of losartane with HPMC (formulation F2),showed moderate swelling, surface pH and controlled drug release, thus can be selected for the development of transdermal patches for effective uses.
Nutritional Assessment of Leaves of Wild Edible Plant Urtica ardence
Authors: . Jayanti , Agarwal Kshitij , Saini Prem
Published: April 2018

Considering the growing need to identify alternative bio-nutritional sources, wild edible leaves consumed in forest zone of Uttarakhand, India were evaluated for their nutritive value in order to prioritize edible wild plant suitable for domestication. The result showed significance of wild plant species as important source of nutrient for rural poor people. The nutritional value of leaves of wild plant Urtica ardence were evaluated in terms of protein, carbohydrate, fat, fiber content, vitamin content, reducing sugars and minerals. Urtica ardence had a significant level of above nutrients and therefore was identified as promising specie for promotion as backyard planting especially farming systems suffering from crop loss, food shortage and chronic malnutrition.
In-Silico Drug Design: A revolutionary approach to change the concept of current Drug Discovery Process
Authors: Boruah Lakhyajit , Das Aparoop , Nainwal Lalit Mohan , Agarwal Neha , Shankar Brajesh
Published: April 2018

Computational methods play a central role in modern drug discovery process. It includes the design and management of small molecule libraries, initial hit identification through virtual screening, optimization of the affinity as well as selectivity of hits and improving the physicochemical properties of the lead compounds. In this review article, computational drug designing approaches have been elucidated and discussed. The key considerations and guidelines for virtual chemical library design and whole drug discovery process. Traditional approach for discovery of a new drug is a costly and time consuming affair besides not being so productive. A number of potential reasons witness choosing the In-silico method of drug design to be a more wise and productive approach. There is a general perception that applied science has not kept pace with the advances of basic science. Therefore, there is a need for the use of alternative tools to get answers on efficacy and safety faster, with more certainty and at lower cost. In-silico drug design can play a significant role in all stages of drug development from the initial lead designing to final stage clinical development.
Phytochemical, Antioxidant and in vitro Antibacterial Activity of Aqueous and Ethanolic Fruit Extracts of Kigelia Africana
Authors: Saini Amandeep Kaur , Chauhan P. K. , Singh V. , Sharma Pankaj
Published: April 2018

Phytochemicals presents in plants probably explain the various uses of plants for traditional medicine. In this study Kigelia Africana fruit was selected for assessing the level of various Phytochemicals, enzymatic and non- enzymatic antioxidants and antimicrobial activity. Fruits of the plant taken, dried, grind to powder and then aqueous and ethanolic extracts were prepared. Antimicrobial activity of these extracts was then studied using agar well plate method. Results of the study showed that aqueous extract of Kigelia Africana have significant amount of phytochemicals and antioxidant enzymes so useful to prevent chronic diseases related to oxidative stress in human body. Antimicrobial activity of aqueous extract was more than the ethanolic extract.
Cyclic Changes In The Hypothalamo Neurohypophysial System of Xenentodon Cancila (HAM.)
Authors: Khuroo Z. B.
Published: April 2018

The presence of functional hypothalamo-hypophysial neurosecretory system in vertebrates has led to revise earlier views regarding the hypothalamus-pituitary relationship. The hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system which consists of hypothalamic nuclei, their axonal fibres forming tractus preoptico-hypophyses and the neurohypophysis) works as a morphological as well as a physiological connection between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland. In fishes, fibres from the neurosecretory hypothalamic nuclei terminate in the neurohypophysis, which remains inter digitized with the adenohypophysis and provides a very close association between the neurosecretory fibres and pars intermedia of the pituitary gland forming a neuro-intermediate lobe. Hypothalamo-Neurosecretory complex of Xenentodon cancila consists of Nucleus Pre-opticus (NPO), Nucleus Lateralis Tuberis (NLT) and their axonal tracts. NPO is a paired structure situated on either side of the third ventricle anterodorsal to the optic chiasma. NPO is divisible into a dorsal Pars Magnocellularis (PMC) consisting of large neurosecretory cells and Pars Parvocellularis (PPC) formed of smaller neurons. Neurons of PMC and PPC contribute beaded axons to form neurohypophysial tract. Herring bodies are seen in the anterior as well as posterior neurohypophysis.
Proximate Composition And Phytochemical Constituents Of Aspilia africana (Pers) C. D. Adams and Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl) A. Gray Stems (Asteraceae)
Authors: Essiett Uduak , Akpan Emana
Published: April 2018

Proximate composition and phytochemical constituents of stems of A. africana and T. diversifolia (Asteraceae) were investigated. The stems of these species contain anti-oxidant, anticancer, anti-tumor, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic properties which cures malaria, skin diseases, athlete’s foot, asthma, gonorrhoea and to stop bleeding. The stems of these two species revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, saponins and cardiac glycosides. The proximate analysis of the stems of A. africana and T. diversifolia showed the moisture content of 15.7% and 20.6%, total ash of 6.10% and 6.55%, acid insoluble ash of 0.55% and 0.33%, sulphated ash of 18.8% and 14.0%, protein content of 7.87% and 9.62%, fat of 3.68% and 4.21%, fibre of 12.30% and 15.82%, carbohydrate of 75.97% and 70.35%, volatile ether soluble of 7.33% and 1.66%, water soluble of 3.33% and 0.33% and diluted alcohol soluble of 5.33% and 5.66%. The results of this study suggest the popular use of A. africana and T. diversifolia in herbal medicine.
Antidiabetic Effect of Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.ex Fr) kumm. Mushroom on Alloxan-induced Diabetic Rats.
Authors: Johnny Imoh , Okon Joseph
Published: April 2018

Antidiabetic effects of ethanolic extract of Pleurotus ostreatus (mushroom) on alloxan-induced diabetic rats was studied. The median lethal dose (LD50) of the extract was determined to be 3,472.14 mgkg-1 and a single dose of 380.0, 760.0 and 1140.0 body weight of the extract were intraperitoneally administered as the treatment dose and the blood glucose levels (BGL) examined for 7 hours and 15 hours (prolonged) at 2 and 4 hours intervals respectively. The extract exhibited significant (p 0.05 and p 0.01) reduction in the blood glucose levels of the albino rats. The extract compared favourably with the standard reference drug (metformin) which all gave their maximum BGL reduction at 5 hours duration. The confirmation of antidiabetic potentials of the Pleurotus ostreatus tuber has been justified in this study as claimed by traditional medicine practitionersin Akwa Ibom State.
Studies on Some Pedological Indices, Nutrient Flux Pattern and Plant Distribution in Metropolitan Dumpsites in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State
Authors: Ogbemudia Felix , Mbong Emem
Published: April 2018

The physical and chemical properties of soils and plants distribution in metropolitan dumpsites in Uyo, Nigeria were studied. Soil samples were collected from two popular dumpsites and analysed using standard scientific procedures. The Results showed that there were slight desparities in the nutrient profile of these dumpsites. Generally, the nutrients levels were high and soil heavy metals concentration were found to be within permissible limits. This study also revealed the monospecific nature of dumpsite 1 and higher species presence corresponding with increased nutrient levels in dumpsite site 2. This study encourages the use of dumpsites soils for agricultural purpose(s) when the soil heavy metal falls within permissible range.
Marketing Estratégico e Competição Empresarial
Authors: D'Andrea Fernando Antonio Monteiro Christoph
Published: April 2018

Este trabalho busca investigar como a Escola Austríaca de Economia pode contribuir para o estudo do Marketing Estratégico enquanto processo social. O estudo é qualitativo e exploratório e usa de um lado uma teoria geral de competição chamada Resource Advantage Theory e do outro a Tríade Austríaca – Ação, Tempo e Conhecimento para melhor compreender a competição empresarial e o que leva as empresas a adquirirem e manterem a vantagem competitiva nos mercados. Usando ambas teorias é analisada de forma inédita e pormenorizada cada premissa da teoria geral de competição segundo os autores da Escola Austríaca e conclui-se que esta teoria está totalmente alinhada aos diferentes desenvolvimentos teóricos da Escola Austríaca e que esta última tem muito a contribuir para a evolução da compreensão do Marketing Estratégico sobre os processos de competição. Por fim são apresentadas conclusões e limitações do estudo e sugestões para pesquisas futuras a serem desenvolvidas por autores interessados nos pontos de contato entre o Marketing Estratégico/Administração e a Escola Austríaca de Economia.
THE EFFECT OF WORD SEARCH PUZZLE GAME IN TEACHING VOCABULARY TO THE FIRST GRADESTUDENTS OF SMPN 3 PROPPO
Authors: Al-Furqon Achmad Syarofi
Published: April 2018

This study tries to answer a reseach question: Is there any significant effect of Word Search Puzzle Game in teaching vocabulary to the first grade students of SMPN 3 Proppo .  The population is all of students at the first grade of SMPN 3 Proppo. The sample is also the first grade student, and there were 29 students of the class. This research uses quantitative approach, while the research design used pre-experimental. The instruments were test and documentation, while test is used to measure students vocabulary. The result of this research is there was significance effect of Word Search Puzzle Game in teaching vocabulary to the first grade student of SMPN 3 Proppo because the t-calculated was higher than t-critical in significance alpha 5% The score of t-calculated in this research was 2,05 and the score of t-critical was 10.865 in level significance 5% with degree of freedom 28  ( 10.865>2,05  ). From these results, it is suggested to the English teachers to use an appropriate technique in teaching English especially in teaching vocabulary, in this case using Word Search Puzzle Game since Word Search Puzzle Game was gave positive effect in teaching vocabulary. It is also expected for further researchers to continue this research on the other vocabulary items.
ANALISIS TOKOH DAN PENOKOHAN DALAM FILM “MY NAME IS KHAN” KARYA KARAN JOHAR
Authors: Mubasyira Muth'ia
Published: April 2018

Sastra dapat berbentuk prosa, puisi dan film; baik berupa fiksi dan non fiksi. Pada penelitian ini, penulis menganalisa film yang bertemakan pluralitas dan budaya. Adapun judul film yang diambil sebagai objek penelitian yaitu My Name is Khan karya Karan Johar. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis tokoh dan penokohan yang terdapat dalam film ini. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh presentase tertinggi dalam menganalisa tokoh dan penokohan terdapat pada tokoh tambahan sebesar 18,75% sedangkan presentase terendah sebesar 6,25% terdapat pada tokoh utama, tokoh protagonis, tokoh antagonis, tokoh sederhana, dan tokoh bulat. Sedangkan tipe tokoh berdasarkan psikologi masing-masing besarnya sama yaitu 6,25%. Analisis tokoh dan penokohan dalam film My Name is Khan, secara keseluruhan cerita ini mengandung pesan bahwa didalam hidup ini kita harus berjuang untuk meraih tujuan kita. Manusia hidup dengan berbagai identitas yang melekat pada dirinya termasuk identitas keagamaan. Keberagaman atau Pluralisme dalam kehidupan harus dijaga walaupun dalam keadaan apapun. Penelitian ini diharapkan mampu menambah khazanah ilmu pengetahuan terutama sastra dan dapat menjadi referensi tambahan bagi peminatnya.
PENGELOLAAN PEMBELAJARAN PAUD
Authors: Farida Siti
Published: April 2018

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menjelaskan (1) perencanaan pembelajaran di TK  A Nurur Ra’uf Tlagah pamekasan, (2) pelaksanaan pembelajaran, dan (3) Penilaian pembelajarannya. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif. Penelitian dilaksanakan di TK A Nurur Ra’uf  Tlagah pamekasan. Desain penelitian ini adalah etnografi . Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah informan yang terdiri atas pengelola, pendidik, dan siswa di TK A Nurur Ra’uf. Sumber data juga diperoleh dari data-data prota, promes, (RPPM) dan (RPPH) yang diperoleh dari lembaga TK  ketika peneliti melakukan wawancara dan observasi di lapangan. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan model analisis interaktif, yaitu pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan simpulan. Validitas data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik validitas internal dan trianggulasi. Hasil penelitian ini adalah (1) Silabus pembelajaran PAUD dituangkan dalam bentuk perencanaan semester, perencanaan mingguan dan perencanaan harian/pertemuan. Perencanaan itu dilakukan dengan memperhatikan tingkat perkembangan, kebutuhan, minat dan karakteristik anak didik, dan aspek-aspek perkembangan meliputi nilai-nilai agama dan moral, motorik, kognitif, bahasa dan sosial-emosional. (2) P elaksanaan pembelajaran di TK A Nurur Ra’uf  dimulai dengan (a) happy morning, (b) kegiatan pembiasaan, (c) transisi, (d) pijakan lingkungan, (e) pijakan sebelum main, (f) pijakan selama main, (g) pijakan setelah main, (h) pengenalan salat, dan (i) penutup. Pelaksanaan pembelajaran menggunakan metode bermain sambil belajar melalui pembelajaran kelas sentra dengan pendekatan Beyond Center and Circle Time (BCCT), dan metode tanya jawab, cerita, bermain peran atau praktik langsung lapangan. Kegiatan dilakukan dalam suasana bermain yang nyaman, aman, bersih, dan sehat. (3) Penilaian pembelajaran di TK A Nurur Ra’uf  dilakukan dengan observasi setiap saat tidak selama KBM berlangsung sampai selesai pembelajaran. melalui pengamatan, pencatatan anekdot, dan portofolio.
THE STUDY OF THE STUDENTS’ ABILITY TO USE PUNCTUATION IN WRITING SKILL
Authors: Nuriyanti Ika , Yuliawati Fitrah
Published: April 2018

Writing is one of the skills in English that should be mastered by students.  Writing is means of communication whereby writing transmit idea to the reader.  There are many steps in teaching writing skill. One of the steps is the teaching of punctuation.  Punctuation is an element that has an important role in writing. Punctuation refers to sign on marks used to clarify the writings’ idea and the readers can understand easily the meaning of the sentences. This research used qualitative research, because this research describes about the students’ ability to use punctuation in writing.  The research was conducted at Senior High School in Pamekasan. The result of this research found about to what extent students use the punctuation marks. Firstly, external punctuation. Secondly, internal punctuation. thirdly, pairs punctuation. Fourthly, special punctuation. Based on the result of research, it can be concluded that the used punctuation in writing skill in the second semester students of class X state senior high school in Pamekasan couldn’t used punctuation in writing, it showed by the data the average value of student’ couldn’t used punctuation correctly were 73 %. Students’ still confuse or didn’t know used punctuation, and the  meaning of the text listed on the sentence that use at the and of sentence or continue with other sentence, and also between declaration and question.
On some alpha-admissible contraction mappings on Branciari b-metric spaces
Authors: Gülyaz-Özyurt Selma
Published: April 2018

In this paper α-admissible contraction mappings on Branciari b-metric spaces are deﬁned. Conditions for the existence and uniqueness of ﬁxed points for these mappings are discussed and related theorems are proved. Various consequences of these theorems are given and speciﬁc examples are presented.
Fixed point theorem for a kind of \'{C}iri\'{c} type contractions in complete metric spaces
Authors: SUZUKİ Tomonari
Published: April 2018

We prove a fixed point theorem  for a kind of C'iric' type contractions  in complete metric spaces. In order to demonstrate the assumption of the fixed point theorem,  we give an example. We also clarify the mathematical structure of  some fixed point theorem  proved by Mınak-Helvacı-Altun and  Wardowski-Dung independently.
Finding the Fixed Points Inside Large Mapping Sets: Integral Equations
Authors: A. Burton Theodore , K. Purnaras Ioannis
Published: April 2018

Let xf(t,x) > 0 for x 6= 0 and let A(t−s) satisfy some classical properties yielding a nice resolvent. Using repeated application of a ﬁxed point mapping and induction we develop an asymptotic formula showing that solutions of the Caputo equation cDqx(t) = −f(t,x(t)), 0 < q < 1, x(0) ∈<, x(0) 6= 0, and more generally of the integral equation x(t) = x(0)−Zt 0 A(t−s)f(s,x(s))ds,x(0) 6= 0, all satisfy x(t) → 0 as t →∞.
Fractional Relaxation Equations and a Cauchy Formula for Repeated Integration of the Resolvent
Authors: C. BECKER Leigh , K. PURNARAS İoannis
Published: April 2018

Cauchy’s formula for repeated integration is shown to be valid for the functionR(t) = 􀀀(q)tq􀀀1Eq;q(􀀀􀀀(q)tq)where and q are given positive constants with q 2 (0; 1), 􀀀 is the Gamma function, and Eq;q is a Mittag-Leffler function. The function R is important in the study of Volterra integral equations because it is theunique continuous solution of the so-called resolvent equationR(t) = tq􀀀1 􀀀 Z t0(t 􀀀 s)q􀀀1R(s) dson the interval (0;1). This solution, commonly called the resolvent, is used to derive a formula for theunique continuous solution of the Riemann-Liouville fractional relaxation equationDqx(t) = 􀀀ax(t) + g(t) (a > 0)on the interval [0;1) when g is a given polynomial. This formula is used to solve a generalization of theequation of motion of a falling body. The last example shows that the solution of a fractional relaxationequation may be quite elementary despite the complexity of the resolvent.
Local convergence for a Chebyshev-type method in Banach space free of derivatives
Authors: George Santhosh , Argyros Ioannis K
Published: April 2018

This  paper is devoted to the study of a Chebyshev-type method  free of derivatives  for solving nonlinear equations in Banach spaces. Using the idea of restricted convergence domain, we extended the applicability of the Chebyshev-type methods.   Our convergence conditions are weaker than the  conditions used in earlier studies. Therefore the applicability of the method is extended.   Numerical examples  where earlier results cannot apply to solve equations but our results can apply are also given in this study.
On some midpoint-type algorithms.
Authors: MARİNO Giuseppe , Zaccone Roberta
Published: April 2018

We introduce iterative methods approximating fixed points for nonlinear operators defined on infinite-dimensional spaces. The starting points are the Implicit and Explicit Midpoint Rules, which generate polygonal functions approximating a solution for an ordinary differential equation infinite-dimensional spaces.
The purpose is to determine suitable conditions on the mapping and the underlying space, in order to get strong convergence of the generated sequence to a common solution of a fixed point problem and a variational inequality.
Kırık Pencereler Teorisi’nin İstanbul Metropoliten Alanı’nda Geçerliliğinin Testi
Authors: BİLEN Ömer , BÜYÜKLÜ Ali Hakan
Published: April 2018

Dünyada ve Türkiye’de

şehirlerde suç kaynaklı güvenlik sorunu çözülmesi gereken öncelikli sorunlar

arasında yer almaktadır. Kent güvenliğinin sağlanmasında suç ile ilgili kurulan

teorik modeller kamu yöneticileri için önemli politika araçları olarak kullanılabilir.

Kent güvenliği politikalarının oluşturulmasında farklı suç teorileri

üretildikleri disiplinlere göre çeşitlenen değişik suç önleme yaklaşımları

sunmaktadır. Suçun mekânsal dağılımındaki faktörleri inceleyen yaklaşımlar

arasında yer alan “Kırık Pencereler Teorisi” literatürde de karşımıza çıkan ve

geliştirilmesinde New York’ta başarılı bir uygulamanın sebep olduğu bir

teoridir. Bu nedenle bu çalışmada Kırık Pencereler Teorisi’nin İstanbul’da kent

güvenliğinin sağlanması için uygun bir teori olup olmadığı test edilmiştir.

Kırık Pencereler Teorisi gerek sosyal gerekse de fiziksel yapıya ilişkin

faktörleri suç önleme amaçlı olarak kullanması nedeniyle de önemlidir. Kırık

Pencereler Teorisi’ne ilişkin kavramlar “Kırık Pencereler Döngüsü” adı altında

şematize edilerek modellenmiştir. Bu modelin test edilmesi için path analizi

kullanılmıştır. Path analizi modelde belirlenen ilişkilerin test edilmesine

olanak sağlamaktadır. Path analizi modelde belirtilen ilişkiler çalışma

alanında toplanan veriye mükemmel uyum sağlamadığı durumlarda bu ilişkilerin

yerine alternatif teorik olarak kabul edilebilir yeni ilişkiler tanımlanmasına

olanak sağlamaktadır. Böylelikle var olan teorik model modifikasyonlarla

çalışma alanına uygun hale getirilebilmektedir. Kırık Pencereler Modeli’nin

testi için İstanbul’da kentsel alanda yaşayan 1837 bireyle yüz yüze anket

görüşmeleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu örneklem büyüklüğüne ait hata payı

±%2.29’dur. Path analizi sonucunda Kırık Pencereler Döngüsü’nün tanımladığı

faktörler arasındaki ilişkiler modifiye edilerek İstanbul için geçerli bir

model olarak kullanılabileceği tespit edilmiştir.
Tarihi Kent Merkezlerinin Kırılganlığı ve Afet Yönetimi Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme: Ankara Saraçlar Sokağı Yangını Örneği
Authors: ORHAN Ezgi
Published: April 2018

Çalışma, 21 Şubat 2012’de

Ankara’nın tarihi kent merkezi Ulus’ta Saraçlar Sokak’ta meydana gelen yangın

örneği üzerinden tarihi merkezlerindeki iş alanları için afet yönetim

politikaları geliştirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Ulus kent merkezinde yaşanan afet ve

sonrasındaki deneyimlerden hareketle tarihi iş çevrelerinde kırılganlıkları

yaratan etkenlerin neler olduğu ve bu alanlarda afet sakınım stratejileri

geliştirilmesi gerekliliği üzerine yoğunlaşmaktadır. Çalışma, Saraçlar Sokak

yangın olayı incelemesine göre literatürde yer alan kültürel varlıkların

korunması, kentsel kırılganlık, işyeri sürekliliği ve tarihi kentsel alanlarda

afet yönetimi konularındaki tartışmaları bütünleştirmektedir. Çalışmanın temel

savı, tarihi kent merkezlerinin mekânsal ve sosyo-ekonomik niteliklerinin neden

olduğu sorunların yanı sıra alanda yer alan iş faaliyetinden kaynaklanan

sorunların da bu alanlarda kentsel risk üretimine katkı koyduğudur. Ulus Tarihi

Kent Merkezi’nde mekansal örüntünün, sosyo-ekonomik yapının ve iş etkinliklerinin

şekillenişini tarif etmek için alanın planlama tarihi incelenmiş ve bu

başlıklar altında kentsel kırılganlıkların üretimine katkı koyan uygulamaların

neler olduğu irdelenmiştir. Mekansal yapının yapılaşma düzeni, erişilebilirlik

ve altyapı sunumundaki sorunlar nedeniyle kırılganlıkları üretmesi;

sosyo-ekonomik yapıda kırılganları oluşturan etkenlerin tarihi kent merkezinin

kullanıcılarının özellikleri ve ekonomik ve kurumsal birikimin alanı

yenileştirme kapasitesinin sınırlı olması ile ilişkili olması; ve işyeri

nitelikleri ve alanda nüfus yoğunluğu yaratmaları bakımından iş faaliyetinin

alanda kırılganlıklara yol açması üzerinden bir değerlendirme yapılmıştır. Bu

doğrultuda, tarihi alanların korunması ve ekonomik aktivitenin sürekliliği

bakımından tarihi kent merkezlerine yönelik geliştirilecek afet yönetim

politikaları ortaya konulmaktadır. 
Analisa Keberadaan Koperasi Di Kabupaten Tangerang
Authors: Simbolon Sabam
Published: April 2018

Penelitian ini berjudul Analisa keberadaan koperasi di Kabupaten Tangerang  yang bertujuan untuk mencari gambaran bagaimana keberadaan koperasi di kabupaten Tangerang saat ini dan masa dating. Penelitian ini penelitian deskriptif denga objek penelitian  adalah koperasi yang ada di kabupaten Tangerang  dengan data sekunder yaitu data yang diperoleh dari Kantor Dinas Koperasi kabupaten Tangerang dan Data BPS Tangerang dalam Angka untuk periode 2012 hingga tahun 2017.Analisis dilakukan dengan analisis comparative deskriptif antar period.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perkembangan sector pertanian telah bergeser ke sektor industry jasa, perdagangan dan manufacturing. Penggunaan lahan di Kabupaten Tangerang berubah menjadi tempat berdirinya perusahaan-perusahaan (banguan pabrik dan kantor) dan untuk pemukiman atau perumahan-perumahan.pada sisi yang lain pertumbuhan koperasi secara kuantitas menunjukkan kondisi yang positip pada awalnya namun kemudian berubah menjadi pertumbuhan negative (koperasi-koperasi yang ada sebelumnya banyak yang tidak aktif). Koperasi yang aktif hanya beroperasi sekitar kebutuhan anggota itu sendiri tanpa ada pengembangan usaha bentuk lain untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan anggotanya. Koperasi di Kabupaten Tangerang di kelompokkan dalam beberapa kategori diantaranya Koperasi di sector pertanian,koperasi di sector perikanan,koperasi di sector peternakan,koperasi di sector perdagangan dan koperasi di sector jasa. Secara umum koperasi menunjukkan perkembangan yang semakin menurun hanya ada beberapa koperasi yang berkembang positip seperti koperasi Jasa dalam bidang Jasa Kredit (Koperasi Kredit).

Simpulan adalah bahwa koperasi di kabupaten Tangerang masih berada pada posisi yang jauh dari harapan dalam mengemban tugas sesuai dengan pasal 33 UUD45 dan atau Undang-undang Koperasi yaitu sebagai soko guru ekonomi. Bahkan, dengan era globalisasi sekarang ini koperasi cenderung tidak dapat bergerak secara mandiri, kecuali di bantu melalui kebijakan pemerintah. Saran adalah agar pemerintah melakukan terobosan baru  untuk mempertahankan koperasi di Tangerang di masa –masa mendatang
Pengaruh Opini Audit dan Corporate Governance Terhadap Kualitas Laporan Keuangan
Authors: Sumantri Farid Addy
Published: April 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh opini audit dan corporate governance terhadap kualitas laporan keuangan. Selanjutnya dalam penelitian ini variabel Corporate Governance disingkat menjadi CG. Opini audit dilihat dari jenis opini audit yang diberikan oleh auditor independen. CG dilihat berdasarkan mekanisme CG yang terdiri dari komposisi dewan komisaris, kepemilikan institusional dan kepemilikan manajerial atas saham yang dimiliki. Kualitas laporan keuangan diukur dengan menggunakan non operating accruals dibagi total asset.

Sampel penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini terdiri 11 perusahaan sektor aneka industri metal yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) peiode 2014-2016. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Teknis analisis yang digunakan adalah multiple regression  analysis dengan alat bantu program SPSS (statistical package for the social sciences) for windows versi 24.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Opini audit tidak berpengaruh terhadap kualitas laporan keuangan, yaitu 0,357 > 0,05. Komposisi dewan komisaris tidak berpengaruh terhadap kualitas laporan keuangan 0,594 > 0,05. Kepemilikan institusional tidak berpengaruh terhadap kualitas laporan keuangan 0,550 > 0,05. Kepemilkan manajerial berpengaruh signifikan negatif terhadap kualitas laporan keuangan 0,007 < 0,05.