bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SpecGlob: rapid and accurate alignment of mass spectra differing from their peptide models by several unknown modifications
Authors: Lysiak Albane , Fertin Guillaume , Jean Géraldine , Tessier Dominique
Published: May 2022

Background

In proteomics, mass spectra representing peptides carrying multiple unknown modifications are particularly difficult to interpret, which results in a large number of unidentified spectra.

Methods

We developed SpecGlob, a dynamic programming algorithm that aligns pairs of spectra, each such pair being a Peptide-Spectrum Match (PSM) provided by any Open Modification Search (OMS) method. For each PSM, SpecGlob computes the best alignment according to a given score system, while interpreting the mass delta within the PSM as one or several unspecified modification(s). All alignments are provided in a file, written in a specific syntax.

Results

Using several sets of simulated spectra generated from the human proteome, we demonstrate that running SpecGlob as a post-analysis of an OMS method can significantly increase the number of correctly interpreted spectra, as SpecGlob is able to correctly and rapidly align spectra that differ by one or more modification(s) without any a priori.

Conclusion

Since SpecGlob explores all possible alignments that may explain the mass delta within a PSM, it reduces interpretation errors generated by incorrect assumptions about the modifications present in the sample or the number and the specificities of modifications carried by peptides. Our results demonstrate that SpecGlob should be relevant to align experimental spectra, although this consists in a more challenging task.
Crowding induced morphological changes in synthetic lipid vesicles determined using smFRET
Authors: Quinn Steven D. , Dresser Lara , Graham Sarah , Conteduca Donato , Shepherd Jack , Leake Mark C.
Published: May 2022

Lipid vesicles are valuable mesoscale molecular confinement vessels for studying membrane mechanics and lipid-protein interactions, and they have found utility among bio-inspired technologies including drug delivery vehicles. While vesicle morphology can be modified by changing the lipid composition and introducing fusion or pore-forming proteins and detergents, the influence of extramembrane crowding on vesicle morphology has remained under explored owing to a lack of experimental tools capable of capturing morphological changes on the nanoscale. Here, we use biocompatible polymers to simulate molecular crowding in vitro, and through combinations of FRET spectroscopy, lifetime analysis, dynamic light scattering and single-vesicle imaging, we characterize how crowding regulates vesicle morphology. We show that both freely-diffusing and surface-tethered vesicles fluorescently tagged with the DiI and DiD FRET pair undergo compaction in response to modest concentrations of sorbitol, polyethylene glycol and Ficoll. A striking observation is that sorbitol results in irreversible compaction, whereas the influence of high molecular weight PEG-based crowders was found to be reversible. Regulation of molecular crowding allows for precise control of vesicle architecture in vitro, with vast implications for drug delivery and vesicle trafficking systems. Furthermore, our observations of vesicle compaction may also serve to act as a mechanosensitive readout of extramembrane crowding.
Mitochondrial pyruvate metabolism regulates the activation of quiescent adult neural stem cells
Authors: Petrelli Francesco , Scandella Valentina , Montessuit Sylvie , Zamboni Nicola , Martinou Jean-Claude , Knobloch Marlen
Published: May 2022

Cellular metabolism is important for adult neural stem/progenitor cell (NSPC) behavior. However, its role in the transition from quiescence to proliferation is not fully understood. We here show that the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) plays a crucial and unexpected part in this process. MPC transports pyruvate into mitochondria, linking cytosolic glycolysis to mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Despite its metabolic key function, the role of MPC in NSPCs has not been addressed. We show that quiescent NSPCs have an active mitochondrial metabolism and express high levels of MPC. Pharmacological MPC inhibition increases aspartate and triggers NSPC activation. Furthermore, genetic MPC-ablation in vivo also activates NSPCs, which differentiate into mature neurons, leading to overall increased hippocampal neurogenesis in adult and aged mice. These findings highlight the importance of metabolism for NSPC regulation and identify a novel pathway through which mitochondrial pyruvate import controls NSPC quiescence and activation.

Highlights

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Quiescent NSPCs have high levels of MPC and an active mitochondrial network

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The import of pyruvate into mitochondria is necessary to maintain quiescence of NSPCs

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MPC inhibition increases intracellular aspartate levels and triggers the activation of quiescent NSPCs

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MPC-knockout NSPCs generate mature newborn neurons, leading to overall increased neurogenesis in adult and advanced age mice

Graphical abstract
The complex octoploid Craterostigma genome and tissue-specific mechanisms underlying desiccation tolerance
Authors: VanBuren Robert , Wai Ching Man , Giarola Valentino , Župunski Milan , Pardo Jeremy , Kalinowski Michael , Grossmann Guido , Bartels Dorothea
Published: May 2022

Resurrection plants can survive prolonged anhydrobiosis, and desiccation tolerance has evolved recurrently across land plants as a common adaptation for survival in regions with seasonal drying.Craterostigma plantagineumwas among the first model resurrection plants, and many of the genetic mechanisms underlying desiccation tolerance were discovered in this important system. Here, we analyzed the complex, octoploid Craterostigma (C. plantagineum) genome and surveyed spatial and temporal expression dynamics to identify genetic elements underlying desiccation tolerance. Homeologous genes within the Craterostigma genome have divergent expression profiles, suggesting the subgenomes contribute differently to desiccation tolerance traits. The Craterostigma genome contains almost 200 tandemly duplicated early light induced proteins (ELIPs), a hallmark trait of desiccation tolerance, with massive upregulation under water deficit. We identified a core network of desiccation responsive genes across all tissues but observed almost entirely unique expression dynamics in each tissue during recovery. Roots and leaves have differential responses related to light and photoprotection, autophagy, and nutrient transport, reflecting their divergent functions. Our findings highlight a universal set of likely ancestral desiccation tolerance mechanisms to protect cellular macromolecules under anhydrobiosis, with secondary adaptations related to tissue function.
Rapid and in-depth coverage of the (phospho-)proteome with deep libraries and optimal window design for dia-PASEF
Authors: Skowronek Patricia , Thielert Marvin , Voytik Eugenia , Tanzer Maria C. , Hansen Fynn M. , Willems Sander , Karayel Özge , Brunner Andreas-David , Meier Florian , Mann Matthias
Published: May 2022

Data-independent acquisition (DIA) methods have become increasingly attractive in mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics, because they enable high data completeness and a wide dynamic range. Recently, we combined DIA with parallel accumulation – serial fragmentation (dia-PASEF) on a Bruker trapped ion mobility separated (TIMS) quadrupole time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometer. This requires alignment of the ion mobility separation with the downstream mass selective quadrupole, leading to a more complex scheme for dia-PASEF window placement compared to DIA. To achieve high data completeness and deep proteome coverage, here we employ variable isolation windows that are placed optimally depending on precursor density in them/zand ion mobility plane. ThisAutomatic IsolationDesign procedure is implemented in the freely available py_diAID package. In combination with in-depth project-specific proteomics libraries and the Evosep LC system, we reproducibly identified over 7,700 proteins in a human cancer cell line in 44 minutes with quadruplicate single-shot injections at high sensitivity. Even at a throughput of 100 samples per day (11 minutes LC gradients), we consistently quantified more than 6,000 proteins in mammalian cell lysates by injecting four replicates. We found that optimal dia-PASEF window placement facilitates in-depth phosphoproteomics with very high sensitivity, quantifying more than 35,000 phosphosites in a human cancer cell line stimulated with an epidermal growth factor (EGF) in triplicate 21 minutes runs. This covers a substantial part of the regulated phosphoproteome with high sensitivity, opening up for extensive systems-biological studies.
Corrosion behavior of typical hot rolled sheets in humid storage environments
Authors: Bai Yun , Sun Baozhuang , Huangfu Wenzhu , Sun Xianjin , Liu Zhiyong , Du Cuiwei , Li Xiaogang
Published: May 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this paper was to study the relationship between safe storage life and storage mode of hot-rolled sheet (Q235, X70) in humid environment, and a prediction model of safe storage life under different storage modes was established.

Design/methodology/approach

The corrosion behavior of hot-rolled sheets under different storage conditions was studied with immersion experiment and morphology observation.

Findings

The results show that pitting occurs on the hot-rolled sheets in humid environment, and the corrosion behavior is strongly related with the storage mode. When they are stored separately, the number and depth of pits first increase and then decrease as the Cl− concentration rises, while for the stack storage, pit depth increases with increasing Cl− concentration. The safe storage time of separate storage is longer than that of stack storage. Based on this, a model of chloride ion concentration and storage life was established.

Originality/value

A storage safe life model of hot-rolled sheet in humid environment is proposed.
Collaboration, trust and performance in agri-food supply chains: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Gajdić Dušanka , Kotzab Herbert , Petljak Kristina
Published: May 2022

Purpose

This paper identifies, evaluates and structures research that focuses on “collaboration” (C), “trust” (T) and “performance” (P) in the agri-food supply chain (AFSC) and reveals its intellectual foundation. It aims to synthesize research published over a period of 18 years (from 2003 to the beginning of 2020) and provide a platform for practitioners and researchers in their efforts to identify the existing state of work, gaps in current research and future directions in the area of collaboration–trust–performance (CTP) in the AFSC.

Design/methodology/approach

Prior to carrying out a bibliometric analysis (BA), literature search was performed, identifying 69 related papers focused on CTP in the AFSC. The content of the papers was further analysed in a systematic literature review (SLR) with regard to the subject area, theoretical lenses, research methodology, supply chain (SC) category and other relevant categories.

Findings

CTP in the AFSC are based on a relationship marketing and operations management fundament but show specific particularities. AFSCM is a multi-dimensional design task, and collaboration is considered a necessity, whereas trust significantly affects the AFSC effectiveness. The paper also develops a conceptual CTP model, which shows the interrelations between all identified construct variables, where the authors were able to see also bi-directional relations. Furthermore, the paper presents viable future research opportunities, e.g. focus on organic food chains or multi-actor analysis.

Research limitations/implications

Results of the conducted BA refer to the CTP discussion within a preselected number of peer-reviewed academic articles, which are provided by the WoS CC (Web of Science Core Collection) database.

Practical implications

CTP measurements within the AFSC context are a relevant subject with increasing academic interest in the area of agricultural economics as well as operations and supply chain management (SCM). Therefore, further studies are necessary to develop the related theory and ascertain the practical implications of collaboration, trust and performance among members in the consistently complex AFSC.

Originality/value

CTP have been recognized as important factors for designing a sustainable SCM strategy, particularly in the case of the AFSC. However, although previous studies have addressed the AFSC, there is insufficient knowledge regarding all three pillars (CTP) and how they enable successful AFSCM. The originality of this paper lies in systematically mapping the intellectual base of CTP research and providing path forward for research in AFSCM.
Leader reward omission and employee knowledge sharing: the moderating role of proactive personality and perceived organizational unfairness
Authors: Zhong Xi , Peng Qiuping , Wang Tian
Published: May 2022

Purpose

Based on social dilemma theory, the authors analyze the impact of leader reward omission on employee knowledge sharing and the boundary conditions in their relationship.

Design/methodology/approach

This study tested the theoretical hypotheses based on empirical data obtained from 264 employees using a two-wave survey method.

Findings

The results indicate that leader reward omission significantly negatively affects employee knowledge sharing. An employee's proactive personality weakens the negative relationship between them; the weakening effects of an employee's proactive personality would decrease along with the perceived increase in organizational unfairness.

Originality/value

This study provides the first insight that leader reward omission can inhibit employee knowledge-sharing behavior. In addition, this study shows that an individual proactive personality and perceived organizational unfairness moderate the relationship between leader reward omission and employee knowledge behavior. Thus, this study provides a more comprehensive understanding of whether and when leader reward omission affects employee knowledge sharing.
The contributions of agritourism to the local food system
Authors: Pehin Dato Musa Siti Fatimahwati , Chin Wei Lee
Published: May 2022

Purpose

This study aims to evaluate the contributions of agritourism towards the local food system (LFS) by studying three small-scale agritourism farms in Brunei. More specifically, it looks at the role of farm agribusinesses and heritagisation efforts of indigenous farmers.

Design/methodology/approach

This qualitative study uses semi-structured interviews to collect data. This method is widely seen as more suitable to gain the unexplored perspectives of the agriculture community at the three agritourism farms.

Findings

The results suggest that the agritourism farms contribute to mild local food activism through their small-scale production of sustainable food products. Another significant finding affirms that these farms also contribute to preserving ethno-culinary heritage through heritagisation of indigenous food and their ancestral agriculture knowledge. The farms’ involvement in agribusiness and efforts in food heritagisation contributes towards a more sustainable LFS and stimulates the rural area as a reinvigorated space for agritourism transactions.

Originality/value

There are lack of research on the contributions of agritourism towards the LFS, especially in Brunei. This study will provide evidence of the overlooked significance of agribusiness and heritagisation efforts conducted by the local farms.
Expanding advanced work packaging to include commissioning and startup for industrial projects
Authors: O'Connor James T. , Leite Fernanda , Ma Jong Won
Published: May 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to present a comprehensive analysis on how the advanced work packaging (AWP) managerial paradigm could be advanced by incorporating and integrating the post-construction commissioning and startup (CSU) phases.

Design/methodology/approach

This study was implemented with the support of consolidated knowledge from industry subject matter experts and an exhaustive literature review to provide a knowledge foundation for the developments. The findings were further validated and strengthened by external subject matter experts.

Findings

A new operating system-oriented work package, systems work package (SWP), is devised with a set of definitions and models of how it relates to AWPs with three-dimensional visualizations. SWP-related constraints, key roles and responsibilities are thoroughly investigated.

Research limitations/implications

A new SWP concept would pose potential challenges for its adoption because of inherent organizational culture and hesitation to change. A systematic reorganization of existing practices is considered as a key strategy to alleviate the limitation, and short- and long-term validity of SWP is currently being investigated by organizations.

Practical implications

This research provides practical implementation strategies on CSU integration which lead to benefits including: better alignment and collaboration of stakeholders, reduced costs for associating AWPs to SWP and improved predictability.

Originality/value

AWP-related studies have primarily focused on the construction phase, with minimal integration of CSU considerations. Highlighting the importance of the philosophy “start with the end in mind,” this research describes how the AWP managerial paradigm can be expanded to include CSU, by placing a strong emphasis on understanding CSU priorities, sequences and constraints.
Expectation management in AI implementation projects: a case study
Authors: Buschmeyer Katharina , Hatfield Sarah , Heine Ina , Jahn Svenja , Markus Antonia Lea
Published: May 2022

Purpose

The aim of this case study is to exemplify the application of a change story to facilitate the user centered introduction of an AI-based assistance system. Thereby, user expectations considered critical for technology acceptance and continuance intention are actively taken into account.

Design/methodology/approach

Semi-structured interviews are conducted with future users of the AI-based assistance system. Data are analysed by means of inductive and deductive qualitative content analysis. The resulting categories are considered as communicational core messages and included in the developed change story.

Findings

Paradox user expectations were revealed and answered in the change story by informational and motivational means. Thus, accurate expectation management is enabled and, additionally, the users are prepared for the upcoming change process, i.e., the implementation of the AI-based assistance system.

Originality/value

The added value lies in the psychological handling of expectation management in addition to technical aspects, which are usually primarily focused but are not sufficient to guarantee a successfully continued use of human-AI-systems.
The impact of apartment vacancies on nearby housing rents over multiple time periods: application of smart meter data
Authors: Baba Hiroki , Shimizu Chihiro
Published: May 2022

Purpose

This study aims to explore the spatial externalities of apartment vacancy rates on housing rent by considering multiple vacancy durations.

Design/methodology/approach

This research uses smart meter data to measure unobservable vacant houses. This study made a significant contribution by applying building-level smart meter data to housing market analysis. It examined whether vacancy duration significantly affected apartment rent and whether the relationship between apartment rent and vacancy rate differed depending on the level of housing rent.

Findings

The primary finding indicates that there is a significant negative correlation between apartment rent and vacancy duration. Considering the spatial externalities of apartment vacancy rates, the apartment vacancy rates of surrounding buildings did not show any statistical significance. Moreover, quantile regression results indicate that although the bottom 10% of apartment rent levels showed a negative correlation with all vacancy durations, the top 10% showed no statistical significance related to vacancies.

Practical implications

This study measures the extent of spatial externalities that can differentiate taxation based on housing vacancies.

Originality/value

The findings indicate that landlords have asymmetric information about their buildings compared with the surrounding buildings, and the extent to which price adjusts for long-term vacancies differs depending on the level of apartment rent.
The changing real estate investment dynamics in Indian holy cities: effect of spirituality on property buying behavior
Authors: Kaur Taran , Bansal Sanjeev , Solomon Priya
Published: May 2022

Purpose

Holy cities in India are seeing tremendous gentrification. This study aims to investigate the effect of the changing lifestyle of people towards spirituality and the changing lifestyle's impact on consumer buying behavior on properties in Indian holy cities which has not been studied anecdotally.

Design/methodology/approach

The research is exploratory in nature. A questionnaire has been sent to collect primary data through SurveyMonkey. Simple random sampling was used to collect a sample of 450 respondents which was also verified using G* software. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and partial least square–structured equation modeling (PLS-SEM).

Findings

Findings obtained through the structural model using bootstrapping technique suggest that intrinsic and extrinsic factors are attracting tourists leading to an increase in the demand for real estate in holy cities.

Research limitations/implications

The research findings may vary as per the cultural differences and belief in spirituality, which is subject to perceptual biases in different holy cities.

Practical implications

The traditional determinants of property buying behavior are considered inadequate to attract real estate investments. The inclusion of these behavioral aspects – intrinsic and extrinsic factors may improve the investment inflows in India.

Social implications

Spirituality connects to the concept of behavioral real estate, where the decision to buy property is largely affected by the emotional attachment of people.

Originality/value

This research adds value to fill the gap by finding out the latent determinant – emotional reasons impacting transnational gentrification in India.
Spillover effects of corruption: evidence from China's anti-corruption campaign
Authors: Kim Daniel Sungyeon , Luo Lizhe , Tarzia Domenico , Vittorino Giovanni , Gregoriou Andros
Published: May 2022

Purpose

The authors study the effectiveness of the anti-corruption campaign in all of mainland China's provinces in terms of risk and volatility spillovers.

Design/methodology/approach

A nonlinear model describes interdependencies and determines how shocks and uncertainty spillovers from the first suspects to the rest of the country are dynamically transmitted.

Findings

The authors find that both idiosyncratic and systematic risk increase after the first investigation, suggesting that investors do react to the political shocks induced by the new policy. However, even if the scope of the inquiry expands, as the current policy is almost certain to be maintained, investors do not need to update their beliefs, stock news about their political costs does not matter and shocks cease to spread.

Originality/value

In this paper, the authors contribute to the literature by examining the financial effects of China's anti-corruption campaign and determining whether such a large-scale campaign affects risk. Qian and Wen (2015) and Ke et al. (2016) show that the anticorruption campaign has a negative impact on the consumption of luxury goods. Agarwal et al. (2020) provide evidence that government officials' access to credit decreases following the anti-corruption campaign. According to Zhang (2018), firms are less prone to commit fraud after the anti-corruption campaign. However, Griffin et al. (2018) find little evidence that the anti-corruption campaign reduces corporate corruption. Kim et al. (2018) assess market reaction during the investigation and discover that the anti-corruption examination has a significant positive influence on Chinese financial markets. The authors intend to fill the gap in the literature concerning the campaign's impact on risk and volatility spillovers across the country during the first stage of the campaign.
How organizational identity relates to knowledge sharing and creativity: moderating effect of perceived organizational support
Authors: Imamoglu Salih Zeki , Erat Serhat , Turkcan Hulya
Published: May 2022

Purpose

This study aims to broaden the current literature by examining the relationships between organizational identity, knowledge sharing and creativity with moderating role of perceived organizational support.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected from 291 teachers working in vocational high schools by using a survey method. After data collection, construct validity and reliability were assessed and direct relationships were examined by using structural equation modeling (SEM). In addition, a hierarchical moderated regression analysis was conducted.

Findings

It was found that (1) organizational identity is positively related to knowledge sharing, (2) organizational identity is positively associated with creativity, (3) knowledge sharing does not mediate the relationship between organizational identity and creativity and (4) perceived organizational support positively moderates the relationship between organizational identity and knowledge sharing whereas it does not moderate the relationship between organizational identity and creativity.

Originality/value

Drawing on social identity theory (SIT) by integrating social exchange theory (SET), this research broadens the current literature by empirically showing the untapped effects of organizational identity on knowledge sharing and creativity and the role of perceived organizational support as a moderator on these relationships. This study confirms the effect of organizational identity on creativity and knowledge sharing. In addition, this research is the first that investigates the moderating role of perceived organizational support on the effect of organizational identity on knowledge sharing and creativity. Therefore, this study provides a deep understanding of these relationships and contributes to the literature.
Factors influencing the adoption and use of open access scholarly communication among researchers in India
Authors: Nazim Mohammad , Ashar Mohammad
Published: May 2022

Purpose

The present study aims to examine the use of open access (OA) scholarly communication in India and investigate the factors affecting the adoption and use of OA scholarly communication among researchers.

Design/methodology/approach

The study adopted a quantitative research approach using a survey method. Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED) of Web of Science database was selected as a source for identifying potential researchers and researchers' contact details. A web-based questionnaire was designed using Google Forms, and a link to the questionnaire was sent by email to 4,237 researchers belonging to Science and Technology. Unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) is the primary basis for formulating the present study's conceptual model. Hierarchical multiple regression (HMR) was applied for identifying the factors that influence the adoption and use of OA scholarly communication.

Findings

The study found that researchers have limited knowledge of different OA concepts, initiatives and resources, resulting in a deficient level of participation in OA publishing. The HMR analysis authenticates that attitude, facilitating conditions, Internet usage self-efficacy, article processing charge (APC) and researchers' working experience significantly influence the adoption and use of OA scholarly communication. Based on the findings, the study proposed a validated model to investigate the adoption and use of OA scholarly communication in different institutions, research disciplines and developing countries with similar conditions.

Practical implications

The findings have several practical and policy implications for improving OA publishing in India, formulating OA policies and providing directions for further research.

Originality/value

This is the first study focusing on adopting and using OA scholarly communication in India. Findings may be helpful in planning and implementing OA initiatives. The influencing factors and the relative importance identified in the present study offered empirical evidence to demonstrate the researchers' attitudes and perceptions for adopting and using OA scholarly communication.

Peer review

The peer review history for this article is available at:https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/OIR-05-2021-0265.
The plurality of police oversight: a method for building upon lessons learned for understanding an evolving strategy
Authors: Karpiak Kevin G. , Mulla Sameena , Pérez Ramona L.
Published: May 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this article is to describe an innovative research methods framework designed to address some of the persistent challenges to a social scientific understanding of civilian-led police oversight commissions.

Design/methodology/approach

The project design begins by acknowledging that oversight commissions take multiple and varied forms, which are contingent on local histories, institutional dynamics and discursive strategies for indexing racial inequality. The authors find such variation not to be an impediment to insightful research design. Rather, the methodological frame makes use of multi-sited ethnographic methods, organized at the county level across three research clusters (in this example, Milwaukee Co, WI; San Diego Co., CA; and Washtenaw Co, MI), to draw attention to the effects of such multiplicity to complicate, localize and render visible the specific practices of policing and its critique through civilian oversight.

Findings

Amongst an increasing national concern with the racialized nature of police violence, one evolving strategy for police reform among municipalities is to establish civilian oversight boards that can monitor, make recommendations for, and potentially direct police policy. However, there is very little research on such commissions, leaving many unanswered questions for proponents of evidence-based criminal justice policy. One reason for this lack is that the tremendous variability of such commissions has led some researchers to abandon hope for a comparative analysis which might offer generalizable conclusions beyond individual case studies. Lessons learned from previous reform efforts suggest that without a solid evidentiary basis, such reform efforts can easily succumb to institutional inertia or even failure. This danger is especially present when policy and practice recommendations are not based on research designs particularly attuned to making audible the experiences and concerns of the most marginalized targets of police attention.

Originality/value

The value of this method rests in its ability to provide comparative insights into the ways in which oversight commissions operate within a broader pluralized security landscape that both makes possible and constrains democratic participation along racial lines. The method contextualizes and renders audible ways of understanding, evaluating, and practicing democratic community as it is articulated through the issue of police and its oversight.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on early career researcher activity, development, career, and well-being: the state of the art
Authors: Lokhtina Irina A. , Castelló Montserrat , Lambrechts Agata Agnieszka , Löfström Erika , McGinn Michelle K. , Skakni Isabelle , van der Weijden Inge
Published: May 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to identify the documented effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on early career researcher (ECR) activity, development, career prospects and well-being.

Design/methodology/approach

This is a systematic literature review of English language peer-reviewed studies published between 2020 and 2021, which provided empirical evidence of the impact of the pandemic on ECR activity and development. The search strategy involved online databases (Scopus, Web of Science and Overton); well-established higher education journals (based on Scopus classification) and references in the retained articles (snowballing). The final sample included 11 papers.

Findings

The evidence shows that ECRs have been affected in terms of research activity, researcher development, career prospects and well-being. Although many negative consequences were identified, some promising learning practices have arisen; however, these opportunities were not always fully realised. The results raise questions about differential effects across fields and possible long-term consequences where some fields and some scholars may be worse off due to priorities established as societies struggle to recover.

Practical implications

There is a need for revised institutional and national policies to ensure that sufficient measures are implemented to support ECRs’ research work in a situation where new duties and chores were added during the pandemic.

Originality/value

This paper provides insights into the impacts of the initial societal challenges of the pandemic on ECRs across disciplines that may have long-lasting effects on their academic development and well-being.
Exploring the participation and agency of students with special education needs in a Macau‐Chinese secondary school
Authors: Correia Ana M. , Forlin Chris , Sio Eva
Published: May 2022

The research explores the perceptions of five secondary school students with special education needs (SEN) about their participation in learning, group membership, and agency within an inclusive school in Macau SAR. This goal is achieved by using students' voices documented in open‐ended interviews and is underpinned by the conceptual framework of heutagogy. The aim is to shed light on students' perceptions on school effectiveness in supporting their needs through successful participation and agentic possibilities. Findings showed that students were more prone to social rejection and being isolated or bullied than their peers. They were struggling to feel included or participate, their needs were only partially being met, and they had few opportunities to exert influence on their educational trajectories. Recommendations are provided to assist educators and schools in enhancing students with SEN to connect to the learning process and community, with the provision of appropriate learning adjustments and more active approaches to ensure their acceptance by mainstream students, including the formation of coaching peers to assist in developing social and academic skills under teacher's scaffolding practices. This study highlights the contribution of the heutagogical perspective to advance research on the participation and agency of students with SEN in mainstream schools.
Black seed and rosemary nanoformulations as green insecticides for the granary weevil, Sitophilus granarius (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Ali Salwa A. , Khairy Mohamed , Ibrahim Abdelwahab A. , Zohry Nasra M. H.
Published: May 2022

The development of nano‐insecticides has attracted much interest in the last decade because it has the potential to result in an alternative pest‐management strategy and also reduce the risk of chemically based insecticides. Herein, native rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) and black seed (Nigella sativa) oils were utilized for preparing their nanoemulsions by spontaneous emulsification method in the presence of tween 80 as a structure‐directing agent. The prepared nanoemulsions were explored for granary weevil, Sitophilus granarius (L.), adults control and compared with their oils. Within the typical droplet sizes of 100 and 224 nm, both rosemary and black seed nanoemulsions were found to be physically and thermodynamically stable. The insecticidal activity of the nanoemulsions was higher than that of the crude oils. After 24 h of exposure, the LD50 values of rosemary and black seed nanoemulsions were estimated to be 102.56 and 35.08 µg/g, respectively, compared to 188.95 and 210.09 µg/g of their oils. These results revealed that the droplet size and chemical composition of the nanoemulsion are the significant factors that affect their toxicity. Surprisingly, the nanoemulsions had no effect on seed germination at LD50 or even LD99. The utilization of such nanoformulations might open up a new avenue for ecofriendly pest control that is not damaging to humans or the environment, as well as a growing agricultural economy.

Practical Application

The loss of cereals in postharvesting is one of the major challenges in the world because up to 50% of harvested grains might be destroyed. The intensive usage of chemicals caused harmful effects on humans and the environment. Thus, we prepared rosemary and black seed nanoemulsions and applied them for the grain weevil, S. granarius, control. The results showed superior toxicological efficacy without any effects on seed germination compared with their native oils. Such green strategy could be used instead of chemical insecticides to be environmentally safe for animals and humans.
Collateral aortic branches in the collared peccary (Pecari tajacu Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: de Oliveira Gurgel João Vitor , de Sousa Ana Caroline Freitas Caetano , de Oliveira Radan Elvis Matias , Tertulino Moisés Dantas , Lopes Igor Renno Guimarães , Antunes João Marcelo Azevedo de Paula , Diniz João Augusto Rodrigues Alves , de Moura Carlos Eduardo Bezerra , de Oliveira Moacir Franco
Published: May 2022

The determination of arterial vascular distribution patterns can contribute to more detailed knowledge on arterial systems. In this context, the aim of the present study was to describe the collateral aortic branches in the collared peccary, aiming to define a standard model for this species, providing information through comparative anatomy for analysis of some evolutionary aspects of the order Artiodactyla. Ten young male animals were employed. The vascular system was washed with a saline solution and then perfused with Neoprene 450 latex coloured with red or yellow pigment, followed by collateral aorta branch dissections and analyses. The contrasted digital radiography technique was applied to two animals, which were initially perfused with a barium sulphate solution (1 g/ml) and Neoprene 450 latex at a 1:3 ratio, and subsequently, the digital radiographic examination was performed. The aortic arch of the collared peccary emitted the brachiocephalic trunk and the left subclavian artery, while eight symmetric pairs of dorsal intercostal arteries originated from the thoracic aorta. The abdominal aorta, in turn, exhibited the celiac, cranial mesenteric, renal, caudal mesenteric, testicular, external iliac, internal iliac and sacral arteries as the collateral branches in all studied animals. Therefore, no relevant variations were observed regarding the arrangement of the arterial distribution of the aorta, thus suggesting a static standard model in the collared peccary.
How Does Corporate Social Responsibility Affect Credit Default Swap Spreads?
Authors: Kang Jongho , Kim Jihun
Published: May 2022

We examine the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and credit risk. We test how CSR strengths and concerns impact credit default swap (CDS) spreads during the global financial crisis period (2008–2009) and non‐crisis periods (2003–2007 and 2010–2013). CSR concerns increase and CSR strengths reduce CDS spreads during the non‐crisis period, whereas their effects change during the global financial crisis. CSR strengths during an adverse economic environment can indicate agency problems and overinvestment. The effect of CSR concerns becomes much larger during the global financial crisis, while that of CSR strengths can even increase CDS spreads.
Corporate Social Irresponsibility and Firm Value: International Evidence from Media Coverage
Authors: Frost Tracie , Li Lei , Tsang Albert , Yu Miao
Published: May 2022

Media attention to corporate social irresponsibility (CSiR) is increasing around the world. Using a sample of firms from 43 countries, we find that media coverage of CSiR is negatively associated with firm value. We further find that the negative relation between media coverage of CSiR and firm value is more pronounced for firms with long‐term orientations and for firms domiciled in countries where demand for socially responsible corporate activities is high. Our findings support the role that CSiR plays in corporate reputation and explain the heterogeneity of the relation between CSiR and firm value across firms and countries.
The Norwich trabeculectomy study: risk factor analysis for the development of adverse, thin cystic blebs
Authors: Al‐Mugheiry Toby S. , Clark Allan , Broadway David C.
Published: May 2022

Purpose

To investigate potential risk factors, particularly antimetabolite choice, with regard to the development of adverse bleb morphology in eyes that had undergone trabeculectomy surgery.

Methods

A single‐centre, observational cohort study of 631 consecutive eyes, which had undergone trabeculectomy over an 11‐year period. For each case, bleb morphology was recorded at 2 years, and its association with the per‐operative antimetabolite as well as potential confounding risk factors was analysed using univariate (unadjusted) and multivariate (adjusted) logistical regression analyses to identify those that could contribute to the development of adverse blebs. A standard protocol for 5‐fluorouracil and mitomycin‐C utilization was employed in the majority of cases.

Results

When 5‐fluorouracil was used (n = 257), 24% of patients formed cystic or partially cystic blebs, whereas with mitomycin‐C (n = 299), only 12% formed such adverse blebs, the difference being statistically significant (OR = 3.54, p = 0.002 unadjusted; OR = 7.49, p = 0.00 adjusted). Of the other potential confounding factors, care within the private sector (OR = 0.30 p = 0.02) and a history of previous ocular surgery involving a conjunctival incision were identified as potential risk factors for the formation of adverse cystic blebs (OR = 0.28, p = 0.02).

Conclusions

Modern use of mitomycin‐C appeared to be better than 5‐fluorouracil as an adjunctive antimetabolite used at the time of trabeculectomy, with respect to the development of preferable final bleb morphology. The only potential preoperative risk factors found to be significant with respect to adverse cystic bleb development were care in the private health sector and previous ocular surgery involving a conjunctival incision.
Pregnancy outcomes following maternal exposure to statins: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Karadas Baris , Uysal Nusret , Erol Hilal , Acar Selin , Koc Meltem , Kaya‐Temiz Tijen , Koren Gideon , Kaplan Yusuf C.
Published: May 2022

Aims

The objective of this meta‐analysis was to determine whether maternal exposure to statins is associated with increased rates of major congenital malformations and other adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Methods

PubMed/Medline, Web of Science and Reprotox® databases were searched. Cohort and case control studies with prenatal exposure to statins were included.

Results

Analysis of five cohort studies and one case–control study showed no significant increase in rate of major congenital malformations when the exposed group was compared with the control ([OR 1.27; 95% CI 0.80–2.04], [aOR 1.05; 95% CI 0.84–1.31]). A significant increase in heart defect risk was detected in the statin‐exposed group when unadjusted ORs were combined (OR 2.47; 95% CI 1.36–4.49). Further analysis of the same outcome by using adjusted ORs showed no significant increase in heart defect risk in the statin‐exposed group compared with the controls (aOR 1.24; 95% CI 0.93–1.66). A significantly lower live birth rate (OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.49–0.75) and a higher spontaneous abortion rate (OR 1.36; 95% Cl 1.06–1.75) were detected in the statin‐exposed group.

Conclusions

Gestational statin exposure was not associated with a significant increase in risk of major congenital malformations, heart defects and other adverse pregnancy outcomes, except spontaneous abortion and live birth rate, which may be associated with maternal comorbidity and other unadjusted risk factors. Further research focusing on particular statins is needed to draw more definitive conclusions.
The Two of Us project: An exploration of the relationships of people with intellectual disability in different social contexts
Authors: Kelly Jack , Wagstaff Seren
Published: May 2022

Background

This study is inclusive research. Inclusive research is when people with disability are involved as researchers. The aim of this project was to focus on relationships that people with intellectual disability have and to find what makes these relationships work. Another aim of this project was to share stories about these relationships at a big event.

Methods

People with intellectual disability that were interested in participating were asked to pick a person whose relationship was important to them. Overall, seven pairs took part in the project. We interviewed the pairs together and asked them:

How did the relationship start?

What makes the relationship strong?

Why is the relationship important to each person?

Later, participants were invited to turn their interview responses into a relationship story that was displayed as part of the 20th anniversary celebrations for the Centre for Disability Studies (CDS).

Findings

We looked through the transcripts to find out how the relationships work. We found four major themes—relationships change over time, important parts of the relationship, relationship challenges, and what makes the relationship work.

Conclusions

There were many successes in this project. It was the first time that Jack and Seren had done inclusive research together and we learnt a lot about how to work well together. The banners shown at CDS's 20th anniversary event celebrated relationships and showed members of the public a range of relationships involving people with intellectual disability.
H1.0 induces paclitaxel‐resistance genes expression in ovarian cancer cells by recruiting GCN5 and androgen receptor
Authors: Kohli Abhidha , Huang Shang‐Lang , Chang Ting‐Chang , Chao Chuck C.‐K. , Sun Nian‐Kang
Published: May 2022

More than 90% of ovarian cancer deaths are due to relapse following development of chemoresistance. Our main objective is to better understand the molecular mechanism underlying paclitaxel resistance (taxol resistance, Txr) in ovarian cancer. Here, we observed that the linker histone H1.0 is upregulated in paclitaxel‐resistant ovarian cancer cells. Knockdown of H1.0 significantly downregulates the androgen receptor (AR) and sensitizes paclitaxel‐resistant SKOV3/Txr and 2774/Txr cell lines to paclitaxel. Conversely, ectopic expression of H1.0 upregulates AR and increases Txr in parental SKOV3 and MDAH2774 cells. Notably, H1.0 upregulation is associated with disease recurrence and poor survival in a subset of ovarian cancer subjects. Inhibition of PI3K significantly reduces H1.0 mRNA and protein levels in paclitaxel‐resistant cells, suggesting the involvement of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Knockdown of H1.0 and AR also downregulates the Txr genes ABCB1 and ABCG2 in paclitaxel‐resistant cells. Our data show that H1.0 induces GCN5 expression and histone acetylation, thereby enhancing Txr gene transactivation. These findings suggest that Txr in ovarian cancer involves the PI3K/AKT pathway and leads to upregulation of histone H1.0, recruitment of GCN5 and AR, followed by upregulation of a subgroup of Txr genes that include ABCB1 and ABCG2. This study is the first report describing the relationship between histone H1.0 and GCN5 that cooperate to induce AR‐dependent Txr in ovarian cancer cells.