bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Very early life microbiome and metabolome correlates with primary vaccination variability in children
Authors: Shaffer Michael , Best Katharine , Tang Catherine , Liang Xue , Schulz Steven , Gonzalez Eduardo , White Cory H. , Wyche Thomas P. , Kang John , Wesseling Hendrik , Topçuoğlu Begüm D. , Cairns Thomas , Sana Theodore R. , Kaufhold Robin M. , Maritz Julia M. , Woelk Christopher H. , Swaminathan Gokul , Norton James E. , Pichichero Michael E.
Published: August 2023

Despite multiple vaccine doses early in life, a substantial proportion of infants do not mount protective responses. In this study, we followed a cohort of children over the first 2 years of life, collecting microbiome and metabolome data longitudinally to investigate correlates of lower and higher responses to primary vaccinations. We found that the stool and nasopharyngeal microbiome developed with age, though demonstrated divergent timing and patterns in maturation. When measured at child age 2 months, evenness of genera in the stool microbiome correlated with lower vaccine responses, upregulated metabolome genes that encode for lipid A biosynthesis and oxidative phosphorylation correlated with higher vaccine responses, and abundance of phenylpyruvic acid in serum correlated with lower vaccine responses, measured 10 months later. Antibiotic exposure was associated with low vaccine response, and microbiome/metabolome features at child age 2 months, before childhood vaccinations commenced, correlated with variations in vaccine responses measured at child age 1 year. These results indicate that there may be potential to intervene before first childhood vaccinations to improve later protection.

IMPORTANCE

We show that simultaneous study of stool and nasopharyngeal microbiome reveals divergent timing and patterns of maturation, suggesting that local mucosal factors may influence microbiome composition in the gut and respiratory system. Antibiotic exposure in early life as occurs commonly, may have an adverse effect on vaccine responsiveness. Abundance of gut and/or nasopharyngeal bacteria with the machinery to produce lipopolysaccharide—a toll-like receptor 4 agonist—may positively affect future vaccine protection, potentially by acting as a natural adjuvant. The increased levels of serum phenylpyruvic acid in infants with lower vaccine-induced antibody levels suggest an increased abundance of hydrogen peroxide, leading to more oxidative stress in low vaccine-responding infants.
The formation of a giant post-collision porphyry copper system: A case study of the Jiama deposit, Tibet
Authors: Sun Miao , Tang Ju-Xing , Klemd Reiner , Lin Bin , Tang Pan , Zhang Ze-bin , Chen Wei , Li Fa-Qiao , Qi Jing , Chen Han , Gu Feng-hua
Published: August 2023

The large magma reservoirs underlying world-class porphyry deposits are one of the key factors in their formation, which thus led to the present study focusing on the unmineralized intrusive rocks underlying the porphyry molybdenum-copper orebody of the post-collisional Jiama porphyry-skarn copper-polymetallic deposit in southern Tibet. The Jiama porphyry intrusion comprises intermediate-silica quartz diorite, monzogranite, and granodiorite porphyries, as well a high-silica granite porphyry. The intrusive rocks suite exhibits similar whole-rock Sr-Nd isotopic compositions [εNd(t) = −3.9 to −0.8], suggesting a common, non-radiogenic magma source. Yet, these rocks have distinct geochemical characteristics. The intermediate-silica rocks are relatively enriched in Ba and Sr with minor Eu anomalies, and show adakite-like geochemical characteristics. In contrast, the high-silica granite porphyry is strongly depleted in Ba, Sr, and Eu, and lacks adakite-like geochemical characteristics. We propose that the high-silica granite porphyry represents highly fractionated melt extracted from a silicic mush reservoir (crystallinity of ∼40%−65%), and that the monzogranite and granodiorite porphyries constitute the complementary residual silicic cumulates. High crystallinity facilitates the formation of connected fluid pathways, allowing the efficient removal of volatiles from the remaining silicic melt and a rapid flux of the ore-forming fluids toward the apical parts of the large magma reservoir. Less-evolved mafic melt is believed to have repeatedly intruded the base of the magma reservoir, thereby releasing volatiles and water into the silicic mush systems. The volatiles migrated upward through the fluid channels and accumulated in the apical part of the magma reservoir, subsequently, as a result of the overpressure in the roof zone, ore-forming fluids and successive batches of magma were expelled together, thereby forming the Jiama porphyry-skarn deposit.
Pre- and postsettlement depositional processes and environments of the 3rd- to 5th-order White Clay Creek watershed, Piedmont Province, Pennsylvania and Delaware, USA
Authors: Pizzuto J.E. , Huffman M.E. , Symes E.
Published: August 2023

We extend two hypotheses based on studies of 1st- to 3rd-order Piedmont watersheds of southeastern Pennsylvania, USA, by collecting data in a larger 3rd- to 5th-order watershed nearby. One hypothesis posits that presettlement river corridors were dominated by wetlands, and the other suggests that river valleys were filled by millpond sedimentation following European settlement. Both hypotheses support new river restoration practices, so their generality is important to assess. Ten lithofacies indicate depositional environments, while pedostratigraphic criteria and 14C dating define presettlement and postsettlement stratigraphic units. Basal gravels similar to modern stream bed sediments represent presettlement channels with active bedload transport. Wedge-shaped gravel deposits resembling modern bars further document presettlement bedload transport by channelized flows. Extensive presettlement and postsettlement units of massive, organic-poor, fine-grained sediment formed when overbank flows inundated floodplains. Peat deposits, exposed at a single site (but absent elsewhere), represent a presettlement wetland. Decimeter-thick, discontinuous, massive carbonaceous fine-grained sediments occasionally overlie basal gravels; these may represent localized wetlands adjacent to presettlement channels or hydraulic backwater environments. Laminated sand and mud accumulated behind one 3-m-high mill dam, but these millpond deposits are absent at other sites. Instead of being dominated by wetlands, presettlement river corridors are better described as a complex mosaic of riparian environments including older colluvial landforms, floodplains (some of which may have been seasonally inundated wetlands), primary (and possibly secondary) channels, and depending on geomorphic setting, either localized or valley-spanning wetlands. After European settlement, millponds were important locally, but their deposits represent a minor component of the stratigraphic record.
Supplemental Material: Chronology and erosion rate of the Pinedale glaciation, Colorado Front Range (USA), inferred from the sedimentary record of glacial Lake Devlin
Authors: Dethier David P. , et al.
Published: August 2023

Supplemental data and figures for Dethier et al. Lake Devlin paper.
Mistreatment of women during childbirth and postpartum depression: secondary analysis of WHO community survey across four countries
Authors: Guure Chris , Aviisah Philomina Akandity , Adu-Bonsaffoh Kwame , Mehrtash Hedieh , Aderoba Adeniyi Kolade , Irinyenikan Theresa Azonima , Balde Mamadou Dioulde , Adeyanju Olusoji , Maung Thae Maung , Tunçalp Özge , Maya Ernest
Published: August 2023

Background

Postpartum depression (PPD) is a leading cause of disability globally with estimated prevalence of approximately 20% in low-income and middle-income countries. This study aims to determine the prevalence and factors associated with PPD following mistreatment during facility-based childbirth.

Method

This secondary analysis used data from the community survey of postpartum women in Ghana, Guinea, Myanmar and Nigeria for the WHO study, ‘How women are treated during facility-based childbirth’. PPD was defined using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) tool. Inferential analyses were done using the generalised ordered partial proportional odds model.

Results

Of the 2672 women, 39.0% (n=1041) developed PPD. 42.2% and 5.2% of mistreated women developed minimal/mild PPD and moderate/severe PPD, respectively. 43.0% and 50.6% of women who experienced verbal abuse and stigma/discrimination, respectively developed minimal/mild PPD. 46.3% of women who experienced physical abuse developed minimal/mild PPD while 7.6% of women who experienced stigma/discrimination developed moderate/severe PPD. In the adjusted model, women who were physically abused, verbally abused and stigma/discrimination compared with those who were not were more likely to experience any form of PPD ((OR: 1.57 (95% CI 1.19 to 2.06)), (OR: 1.42 (95% CI 1.18 to 1.69)) and (OR: 1.69 (95% CI 1.03 to 2.78))), respectively. Being single and having higher education were associated with reduced odds of experiencing PPD.

Conclusion

PPD was significantly prevalent among women who experienced mistreatment during childbirth. Women who were single, and had higher education had lower odds of PPD. Countries should implement women-centred policies and programmes to reduce mistreatment of women and improve women’s postnatal experiences.
Qualitative evidence regarding the experience of receiving and providing care for mental health conditions in non-specialist settings in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review of reviews
Authors: Gronholm Petra C , Makhmud Akerke , Barbui Corrado , Brohan Elaine , Chowdhary Neerja
Published: August 2023

Question

This review of reviews synthesises qualitative evidence on the experiences of receiving and providing care and treatment for mental health conditions in non-specialist settings in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), and the factors that influence the provision and uptake of such services.

Study selection and analysis

Database searches were conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Scopus, African Index Medicus and Global Index Medicus, supplemented by screening repositories of systematic reviews protocols and contacting authors. The evidence synthesis drew on deductive and inductive approaches: a framework analysis approach was used for the initial coding structure, after which the results synthesis was refined further through reviewing and regrouping the initial coding through thematic synthesis principles.

Findings

Nine reviews met inclusion criteria and reported on a range of factors related to the provision and uptake of mental healthcare by non-specialist health workers in LMICs: (1) health worker competency, (2) availability of resources, (3) recipient-related and provider-related characteristics, (4) service accessibility, (5) sociocultural acceptability and (6) vulnerable groups for whom barrier to care were potentially exacerbated.

Conclusions

This review provides nuanced and contextualised insights regarding the experiences of receiving and providing care for mental health conditions in LMICs, including barriers influencing service provision and uptake. It is important to ensure mental healthcare in non-specialist settings in LMICs is delivered in a manner which is feasible, acceptable and culturally appropriate in order to improve access to care, reducing stigma and promoting better overall health and well-being for individuals and communities.
Mechanisms of liver fibrosis in metabolic syndrome
Authors: Mehal Wajahat
Published: August 2023

The understanding of the mechanisms of liver fibrosis has been dominated by models in which chronic hepatocellular injury is the initiating step as is seen with viral infections. The increased prevalence of the metabolic syndrome, and the increases in liver fibrosis due to metabolic syndrome driven non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), has made it a priority to understand how this type of liver fibrosis is similar to, and different from, pure hepatocellular injury driven liver fibrosis. Both types of liver fibrosis have the transformation of the hepatic stellate cell (HSC) into a myofibroblast as a key step. In metabolic syndrome, there is little evidence that metabolite changes such as high levels of glucose and free fatty acids are directly inducing HSC transdifferentiation, however, metabolite changes may lead to reductions in immunomodulatory and hepatoprotective molecules such as lipoxins, resolvins and Interleukin (IL)-22. Cells of the innate immune system are known to be important intermediaries between hepatocellular damage and HSC transdifferentiation, primarily by producing cytokines such as transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and platelet derived growth factor (PDGF). Resident and infiltrating macrophages are the dominant innate immune cells, but others (dendritic cells, neutrophils, natural killer T cells and mucosal-associated invariant T cells) also have important roles in inducing and resolving liver fibrosis. CD8+ and CD4+ T cells of the adaptive immune system have been identified to have greater profibrotic roles than previously realised by inducing hepatocyte death (auto-aggressive CD8+T) cells and cytokines producing (TH17 producing CD4+T) cells. Finally, the cellular networks present in NASH fibrosis are being identified and suggest that once fibrosis has developed cell-to-cell communication is dominated by myofibroblasts autocrine signalling followed by communication with cholangiocytes and endothelial cells, with myofibroblast-hepatocyte, and myofibroblast-macrophage signalling having minor roles. Such information is essential to the development of antifibrotic strategies for different stages of fibrosis.
ADAMS–BASHFORTH NUMERICAL METHOD-BASED SOLUTION OF FRACTIONAL ORDER FINANCIAL CHAOTIC MODEL
Authors: JENA RAJARAMA MOHAN , CHAKRAVERTY SNEHASHISH , ZENG SHENGDA , NGUYEN VAN THIEN
Published: August 2023

A new definition of fractional differentiation of nonlocal and non-singular kernels has recently been developed to overcome the shortcomings of the traditional Riemann–Liouville and Caputo fractional derivatives. In this study, the dynamic behaviors of the fractional financial chaotic model have been investigated. Singular and non-singular kernel fractional derivatives are used to examine the proposed model. To solve the financial chaotic model with nonlocal operators, the fractional Adams–Bashforth method (ABM) is applied based on Lagrange polynomial interpolation (LPI). The existence and uniqueness of the solution of the model can be demonstrated using fixed point theory and nonlinear analysis. Further, the error analysis of the present method and Ulam–Hyers stability of the considered model have also been included. Obtained numerical simulations reveal that the model based on three different fractional derivatives shows various chaotic behaviors that may be useful in a practical sense which may not be observed in the integer case.
TESTING FOR INTRINSIC MULTIFRACTALITY IN THE GLOBAL GRAIN SPOT MARKET INDICES: A MULTIFRACTAL DETRENDED FLUCTUATION ANALYSIS
Authors: WANG LI , GAO XING-LU , ZHOU WEI-XING
Published: August 2023

Grains account for more than 50% of the calories consumed by people worldwide, and military conflicts, pandemics, climate change, and soaring grain prices all have vital impacts on food security. However, the complex price behavior of the global grain spot markets has not been well understood. A recent study performed multifractal moving average analysis (MF-DMA) of the Grains & Oilseeds Index (GOI) and its sub-indices of wheat, maize, soybeans, rice, and barley and it was found that only the maize and barley sub-indices exhibit an intrinsic multifractal nature with convincing evidence. Here, we utilize multifractal fluctuation analysis (MF-DFA) to investigate the same problem. Extensive statistical tests confirm the presence of intrinsic multifractality in the maize and barley sub-indices and the absence of intrinsic multifractality in the wheat and rice sub-indices. Different from the MF-DMA results, the MF-DFA results suggest that there is also intrinsic multifractality in the GOI and soybeans sub-indices. Our comparative analysis does not provide conclusive information about the GOI and soybeans and highlights the high complexity of the global grain spot markets.
Black Gram Disease Classification via Deep Ensemble Model with Optimal Training
Authors: Hajare Neha , Rajawat Anand Singh
Published: August 2023

Black gram crop belongs to the Fabaceae family and its scientific name is Vigna Mungo.It has high nutritional content, improves the fertility of the soil, and provides atmospheric nitrogen fixation in the soil. The quality of the black gram crop is degraded by diseases such as Yellow mosaic, Anthracnose, Powdery Mildew, and Leaf Crinkle which causes economic loss to farmers and degraded production. The agriculture sector needs to classify plant nutrient deficiencies in order to increase crop quality and yield. In order to handle a variety of difficult challenges, computer vision and deep learning technologies play a crucial role in the agricultural and biological sectors. The typical diagnostic procedure involves a pathologist visiting the site and inspecting each plant. However, manually crop disease assessment is limited due to lesser accuracy and limited access of personnel. To address these problems, it is necessary to develop automated methods that can quickly identify and classify a wide range of plant diseases. In this paper, black gram disease classifications are done through a deep ensemble model with optimal training and the procedure of this technique is as follows: Initially, the input dataset is processed to increase its size via data augmentation. Here, the processes like shifting, rotation, and shearing take place. Then, the model starts with the noise removal of images using median filtering. Subsequent to the preprocessing, segmentation takes place via the proposed deep joint segmentation model to determine the ROI and non-ROI regions. The next process is the extraction of the feature set that includes the features like improved multi-texton-based features, shape-based features, color-based features, and local Gabor X-OR pattern features. The model combines the classifiers like Deep Belief Networks, Recurrent Neural Networks, and Convolutional Neural Networks. For tuning the optimal weights of the model, a new algorithm termed swarm intelligence-based Self-Improved Dwarf Mongoose Optimization algorithm (SIDMO) is introduced. Over the past two decades, nature-based metaheuristic algorithms have gained more popularity because of their ability to solve various global optimization problems with optimal solutions. This training model ensures the enhancement of classification accuracy. The accuracy of the SIDMO, which is around 94.82%, is substantially higher than that of the existing models, which are FPA[Formula: see text]88.86%, SSOA[Formula: see text]88.99%, GOA[Formula: see text]85.84%, SMA[Formula: see text]85.11%, SRSR[Formula: see text]85.32%, and DMOA[Formula: see text]88.99%, respectively.
Speech Feature Enhancement based on Time-frequency Analysis
Authors: Do Duc-Hao , Chau Thanh-Duc , Tran Thai-Son
Published: August 2023

Time-frequency analysis (TFA) is a powerful method to exploit the hidden information of signals, including speech signals. Many techniques in this group were invented and developed to capture the most crucial stationary feature. However, human speech is not stable, and it contains some non-stationary elements. This work aims to design a new algorithm via the TFA technique to extract the trends and changes inside the speech signal in the time-frequency (TF) plane. We design a new algorithm to create a set of atoms for the signal transform, which can analyze the signal in many different view directions via Poly-Linear Chirplet Transform (PLCT). After processing the signal, the proposed method returns a multichannel output in which each channel results from a particular Linear Chirplet Transform (LCT). The feature then is combined with the MFCC feature to form the final representation. Although the size for speech representation rises, our extracted feature contains rich-meaning information to improve the recognition results compared to other features in gender recognition, dialect recognition, and speaker recognition.
Research for Practice: OS Scheduling
Authors: Kaffes Kostis , Alvaro Peter
Published: August 2023

Better scheduling policies for modern computing systems.
Cargo Cult AI
Authors: Levine Edlyn V.
Published: August 2023

Is the ability to think scientifically the defining essence of intelligence?
A Deep Learning–based PPG Quality Assessment Approach for Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability
Authors: Naeini Emad Kasaeyan , Sarhaddi Fatemeh , Azimi Iman , Liljeberg Pasi , Dutt Nikil , Rahmani Amir M.
Published: August 2023

Photoplethysmography (PPG) is a non-invasive optical method to acquire various vital signs, including heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV). The PPG method is highly susceptible to motion artifacts and environmental noise. Unfortunately, such artifacts are inevitable in ubiquitous health monitoring, as the users are involved in various activities in their daily routines. Such low-quality PPG signals negatively impact the accuracy of the extracted health parameters, leading to inaccurate decision-making. PPG-based health monitoring necessitates a quality assessment approach to determine the signal quality according to the accuracy of the health parameters. Different studies have thus far introduced PPG signal quality assessment methods, exploiting various indicators and machine learning algorithms. These methods differentiate reliable and unreliable signals, considering morphological features of the PPG signal and focusing on the cardiac cycles. Therefore, they can be utilized for HR detection applications. However, they do not apply to HRV, as only having an acceptable shape is insufficient, and other signal factors may also affect the accuracy. In this article, we propose a deep learning–based PPG quality assessment method for HR and various HRV parameters. We employ one customized one-dimensional (1D) and three 2D Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) to train models for each parameter. Reliability of each of these parameters will be evaluated against the corresponding electrocardiogram signal, using 210 hours of data collected from a home-based health monitoring application. Our results show that the proposed 1D CNN method outperforms the other 2D CNN approaches. Our 1D CNN model obtains the accuracy of 95.63%, 96.71%, 91.42%, 94.01%, and 94.81% for the HR, average of normal to normal interbeat (NN) intervals, root mean square of successive NN interval differences, standard deviation of NN intervals, and ratio of absolute power in low frequency to absolute power in high frequency ratios, respectively. Moreover, we compare the performance of our proposed method with state-of-the-art algorithms. We compare our best models for HR-HRV health parameters with six different state-of-the-art PPG signal quality assessment methods. Our results indicate that the proposed method performs better than the other methods. We also provide the open source model implemented in Python for the community to be integrated into their solutions.
Reliable Gamma-Interconnection Network for Data Analysis in Sensor Networks: Design and Performance Evaluation
Authors: Gupta Shilpa
Published: August 2023

In today’s era of high speed 5G internet all electronic sensor networks are connected through IoT. Bank transactions are digitized, people can access any data through their mobile phones, organizations and companies handle their projects through online meetings etc. Military and medical surveillance, navy navigation, weapon controlling, weather forecasting etc. involve big data analysis collected from sensors, that too at a very high speed with reliable results. This requires large number of parallel processors connected with huge Bank of memory modules to store big data. Reliable interconnection network is needed to connect these large number of parallel processors and memory modules efficiently hence Multistage Interconnection Networks (MINs) come into play, as they provide highly reliable communication for big data transfer between processors and memory modules whenever required. In this manuscript a new network named Reliable Gamma-interconnection Network (RGN) is introduced which possesses multiple paths between processors and memory modules with two totally disjoint path availability. It provides high reliability and minimum path distance between source node to destination node than other gamma networks known, with the minimum hardware complexity. Reliability estimation and evaluation of RGN has been presented in this paper and comparison of results achieved with other gamma networks has been done for validation purpose.
Low Noise Amplifier at 60 GHz Using Low Loss On-Chip Inductors
Authors: Balamurugan Karthigha , Nirmala Devi M. , Jayakumar M.
Published: August 2023

This paper proposes the technique of using low loss on-chip inductors in the design of low noise amplifier (LNA) that offers high gain and lower noise figure. Upon the substrate of octagonal spiral inductors, a surface of patterned ground shield is inserted that significantly reduces the substrate loss. This effect limits the penetration of electric filed into the substrate, thereby improving the inductor’s Quality (Q) factor and decouples the substrate parasitic that results with smaller series resistance. These effects result with improved gain and noise figure of LNA at 60 GHz when the designed inductors are included in it to serve as gate, source, and load inductances. The proposed work uses an inductively degenerated 3-stage common-source LNA in a 65-nm CMOS process. Simulation results show that the LNA using custom designed inductors achieves the peak gain of 17.02 dB at 56 GHz with a noise figure of 5 dB at 60 GHz for the power consumption of 10 mW. The figure-of-merit (FOM) is 14.56 which is 0.8 times more than the LNA design using off-chip inductors. A complete LNA layout using custom designed inductor footprints has been presented and analyzed.
EphA2 Proteolytic Fragment as a Sensitive Diagnostic Biomarker for Very Early-stage Pancreatic Ductal Carcinoma
Authors: Sato Shinya , Nakagawa Masatoshi , Terashima Takeshi , Morinaga Soichiro , Miyagi Yohei , Yoshida Eisaku , Yoshimura Toru , Seiki Motoharu , Kaneko Shuichi , Ueno Makoto , Yamashita Taro , Koshikawa Naohiko
Published: August 2023

Cleavage of erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular ephrin receptor A2 (EphA2) triggers malignant progression and yields an N-terminal fragment (EphA2-NF) detectable in sera from patients with pancreatic ductal carcinoma. We established a quantitative automated chemiluminescence immunoassay for EphA2-NF and evaluated serum EphA2-NF levels as a biomarker to diagnose pancreatic ductal carcinoma in the test and validation cohorts. The EphA2-NF value was elevated (above the cutoff: mean ± SD) in more than half of the patients with stage I/II pancreatic ductal carcinoma. Among patients receiving standard chemotherapy for pancreatic ductal carcinoma [gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel (GnP)], the median survival time of patients with elevated serum EphA2-NF was half that of patients with values below the cutoff. Patients with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN), a precancerous pancreatic ductal carcinoma lesion, also show high serum EphA2 levels, which are associated with an increase in pancreatic duct size and the development of pancreatic ductal carcinoma in some cases. IHC showed loss of EphA2-NF staining in IPMN with pancreatic ductal carcinoma, but not in the normal epithelium or IPMN without pancreatic ductal carcinoma, regardless of the histologic grade. These results suggest that EphA2 cleavage is an essential event that occurs very early in pancreatic ductal carcinoma development, and that the consequent release of EphA2-NF can be detected in the serum. Thus, serum EphA2-NF could be a diagnostic biomarker for very early-stage pancreatic ductal carcinoma and pancreatic ductal carcinoma development from high-risk IPMN and as a prognostic biomarker after chemotherapy with GnP.

Significance:

EphA2 N-terminus deletion is involved in pancreatic ductal carcinoma development from high-risk IPMN and EphA2-NF produced by cleavage can be used as a serum biomarker to diagnose pancreatic ductal carcinoma and predict pancreatic ductal carcinoma development from high-risk IPMN.
Pai e Filho (Av Uvnô), de Yehuda Steinberg
Authors: Steinberg Gabriel
Published: August 2023

Seguindo o percurso de aproximar o leitor no Brasil a textos literários publicados nas últimas décadas do século XIX e primeiras décadas do século XX por escritores em Língua Hebraica na Europa, este texto apresenta a tradução do conto Pai e Filho, de Yehuda Steinberg. Steinberg nasceu em 1863 na cidade de Lipcani, na atual  República da Moldávia, que no século XIX fazia parte do Império Russo. Considerado um dos grandes escritores em língua íidiche, acabou aderindo ao renascimento da Língua Hebraica, corrente impulsionada pelo despertar do movimento sionista. Veio a falecer em 1908, em Odessa, na Ucrânia, cidade que se tinha transformado num dos mais vibrantes centros da intelectualidade judaica e um dos centros de produção de literatura em Língua Hebraica na Europa no início do século XX.
Sex Differences in Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes After Myocardial Infarction With Low Ejection Fraction: Insights From PARADISE‐MI
Authors: Wang Xiaowen , Jering Karola S. , Cikes Maja , Tokmakova Mariya P. , Mehran Roxana , Han Yaling , East Cara , Mody Freny Vaghaiwalla , Wang Yi , Lewis Eldrin F. , Claggett Brian , McMurray John J. V. , Granger Christopher B. , Pfeffer Marc A. , Solomon Scott D.
Published: August 2023

Background

Studies demonstrated sex differences in outcomes following acute myocardial infarction, with women more likely to develop heart failure (HF). Sacubitril/valsartan has been shown to reduce cardiovascular death and HF hospitalizations in patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction.

Methods and Results

A total of 5661 patients (1363 women [24%]) with acute myocardial infarction complicated by reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (≤40%), pulmonary congestion, or both and ≥1 of 8 risk‐augmenting factors were randomized to receive sacubitril/valsartan or ramipril. The primary outcome was cardiovascular death or incident HF. Baseline characteristics, clinical outcomes, and safety events were compared according to sex, a prespecified subgroup. Female participants were older and had more comorbidities. After multivariable adjustment, women and men were at similar risks for cardiovascular death or all‐cause death. Women were more likely to have first HF hospitalization (hazard ratio [HR], 1.34 [95% CI, 1.05–1.70];
P
=0.02) and total HF hospitalizations (HR, 1.39 [95% CI, 1.05–1.84];
P
=0.02). Sex did not significantly modify the treatment effect of sacubitril/valsartan compared with ramipril on the primary outcome (
P
for interaction=0.11).

Conclusions

In contemporary patients who presented with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, pulmonary congestion, or both, following acute myocardial infarction, women had a higher incidence of HF during follow‐up. Sex did not modify the treatment effect of sacubitril/valsartan relative to ramipril.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02924727.
Dynamics of Aphelenchoides besseyi in different rice cultivars
Authors: Yang Fang , Xie Jialian , Zhang Mei , Wu Hanlin , Peng Yunliang , Ji Hongli
Published: August 2023

Aphelenchoides besseyi is among the most devastating plant-parasitic nematodes and causes severe loss, mainly on japonica rice in China. Recently the nematode has been found to be present in the seeds of indica rice and the hybrid rice cultivars also show symptoms of the nematode damage. To understand the variations in different rice cultivars against A. besseyi, the dynamics of nematode population, the incidence of symptoms and the effects on plant yield were investigated in field experiments during 2017-2018 by inoculation of mixed stages of A. besseyi onto the seeds and seedlings of different types of rice cultivars. The results showed few nematodes could be recovered from the plants at the seedling and the end of tillering stages in all the cultivars. After flowering, the number of nematodes per panicle increased and the highest number was found in ‘Zheyou 18’ in 2017 (1050.2) and 2018 (732.1). The average incidence of the inoculated plants showing white-tip symptoms ranged from 0.5 to 10.3% and from 0.0 to 75.7% at the tillering stage in 2017 and 2018, respectively. The incidences of white-tip symptoms in the indica cultivars, including ‘9311’, ‘Minghui 63’ and ‘Nei 5 you 39’, were significantly lower than in ‘Xingxiang’, a japonica cultivar and ‘Zheyou 18’, a hybrid rice cultivar, both at the flowering stage in 2017 and at the end of the tillering stage in 2018. A strong interaction of the treatments and cultivars on the 1000-grain weight and panicle length was evident.
The Lukan Lord’s Prayer
Authors: Wilson Mark
Published: August 2023

The Lord’s Prayer is one of the most familiar scriptural texts in Christendom, recited regularly by believers around the world. Because the Matthean text of the prayer is used liturgically, Luke’s version is often neglected. Not only is it one-third shorter, but the Lukan text is also situated differently in the context of Jesus’ ministry. Both versions evidence a prominent tautology in the English translations of the fourth petition. This petition also has a notorious hapax legomenon first noted by Origen. The article first discusses these features of the Lord’s Prayer in Luke. It then elucidates the context of Luke’s version by noting that it is set within a larger pericope that repeatedly emphasizes the Holy Spirit. Because of this emphasis, the Lord’s Prayer in Luke should be interpreted using a pneumatological reading.
A new species of Russula subgenus Russula (Russulaceae, Russulales) from Yanshan Mountains, North China
Authors: ZHOU HAO , SHEN XIAO-YE , HOU CHENG-LIN
Published: August 2023

A new species of Russula subgenus Russula, Russula pseudosinoparva, is described from the Yanshan Mountains in northern China based on morphology and phylogenetic analysis of the nrITS and nrLSU-rpb2-mtSSU-tef1α gene regions. Russula pseudosinoparva is characterized macroscopically by small basidiomata with a dark red to dark pink pileus; lamellae usually forked near the stipe, with a small number of lamellulae; and microscopically by a suprapellis made up of loose and upright hyphae. Phylogenetic and morphological analyses placed the new species in the lineages of subsect. Puellarinae. As well as an illustrated description we provide a key to the species of Russula subgenus Russula distributed in China.
Three new taxa and two noteworthy species of Peliosanthes (Asparagaceae, Convallarioideae) from Laos and Vietnam
Authors: AVERYANOV LEONID V. , NGUYEN VAN CANH , TANAKA NORIYUKI , NGUYEN KHANG SINH , MAISAK TATIANA V.
Published: August 2023

Two new species, Peliosanthes annamensis and P. virescens from Dak Lak Province in southern Vietnam, are described and illustrated. The former is morphologically similar to P. crassicoronata, while the latter to P. argenteostriata. We also describe and illustrate one new variety, P. nivea var. acutiloba from Khammouane Province, central Laos. Peliosanthes divaricatanthera, formerly known from central Vietnam (Da Nang City) and SW China (Yunnan), was rediscovered in southern Vietnam (Dak Lak Province). Its illustrations and amended description based on new materials are provided. We also report P. micrantha, so far known from central and southernVietnam, as a new addition to the flora of Laos. Notes on their morphological and ecological aspects, taxonomic relationships to the respective congeners, and data on their habitats are provided as well.
Vanilla cameroniana (Orchidaceae, Vanilloideae), a new species from French Guiana and new records from the Guiana Shield
Authors: DAMIÁN-PARIZACA ALEXANDER , MITIDIERI-RIVERA NICOLE
Published: August 2023

In this study, a new species of Vanilla from French Guiana is described with detailed illustrations, photographs, and distribution. Vanilla cameroniana honors Kenneth M. Cameron, a distinguished professor at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, for his contributions to our understanding of the subfamily Vanilloideae. The new species is placed within Vanilla subgenus Xanata, due to its distinctive penicillate callus and lip margins connate to the column. Vanilla cameroniana can be distinguished from V. appendiculata, a morphologically similar species by the broader leaves up to 12 cm wide (vs. 5.9 cm), axillary inflorescence (vs. apical), narrow linear petals, 0.2–0.3 cm wide (vs. narrowly lanceolate, 0.5–0.8 cm), unlobed lip (vs. trilobed), and sub-quadrate apex (vs. sub-acute) with a trullate-shaped structure close to the apex made of short appendages (vs. long lombricoid appendages). Detailed morphological comparisons are provided for other superficially similar species. Additionally, based on herbarium collections V. sprucei, and V. dressleri are newly recorded from the Guiana Shield, and a geographic range expansion is proposed for Vanilla corinnae. Our findings highlight the importance of conservation efforts of fragile ecosystems such as swamps in the Guiana Shield.
Corydalis mianxianensis (Papaveraceae), a new species from limestone cliffs in central China, and notes on the Shaanxi record of C. saxicola G.S.Bunting
Authors: WANG DONG , XU XIAODONG , LI NIYA , SUN QIAN , WANG LIANG
Published: August 2023

Corydalis mianxianensis, a new species of C. sect. Cheilanthifoliae Lidén (Papaveracae), is described from Qinling-Daba mountains and adjacent Minshan mountains, central China. It is similar to C. moupinensis Franch., but it differs from the latter in racemes with 30–50(–70) flowers, spur being much shorter than limb of upper petal, and arcuate to strongly contorted fruits. These two species are also much different in stigma and ecology as well. In addition, we confirmed that the record of C. saxicola G.S.Bunting in Shaanxi Province as documented in the Chinese floras was a misidentification of this new species.
Enterographa ducouretiana sp. nov. (lichenized Ascomycota, Roccellaceae), a new foliicolous species from New Caledonia
Authors: LEBRETON ELISE , CARRICONDE FABIAN , BROUSTE DAMIEN , LESPAGNOL ANTOINE , STENGER PIERRE-LOUIS , SÉRUSIAUX EMMANUËL , ERTZ DAMIEN
Published: August 2023

Enterographa ducouretiana is described as new to science from New Caledonia. It is characterized by a foliicolous habit, ascomata immersed in a pseudostroma, a dark purple hypothecium, and (3–)5-septate ascospores of (16–)20.5(–24) × (2.5–)2.9(–3.5) µm with a distinct gelatinous sheath of 1.5(–2) μm.
Nanocarrier Based Targeting of Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 for Diagnosis and Treatment of Atherosclerosis: Current Status and Future Perspectives
Authors: Wang Wenhai , Xu Dexin , Ding Jian , Zhang Wenbin , Fan Jihuan , Wang Duo
Published: August 2023

To further minimize the risk of cardiovascular disease, nanotechnology may help us better understand the mechanism of atherosclerosis and contribute to the development of innovative diagnostic and treatment approaches. Therefore, inflammatory indicators have been popular in recent years
as potential therapeutic and diagnostic targets. Inflammation contributes to the initiation and progression of several diseases globally. Adhesion molecules expressed by leukocytes and endotheliocytes cause the immune cells infiltration to inflamed area. These molecules serve as mediators
for tethering, firm adhesion, rolling, and diapedesis processes. VCAM-1, an adhesion molecule with low intrinsic expression and easy access on the endothelium, has been investigated as a potential target. It also plays a critical role in the early stages of the development of several pathologies,
including, but not limited to, atherosclerosis, Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s diseases, and cancer. A therapeutic or diagnostic tool that specifically targets this protein would thus enable accurate identification. The development of numerous targeted technologies with potential applications
for drug delivery and imaging of VCAM-1 over-expressing diseases has recently been encouraged by the emergence of monoclonal antibodies against VCAM-1. In this review article, we first discuss the origin, structure, and function of antibodies, followed by a summary of the VCAM-1 targeted nanosystems,
including siRNA targeting carriers, for the therapy and diagnosis of various inflammatory-related pathologies. Finally, to promote the clinical nanomedicine application for the treatment of atherosclerosis, we suggest prospects for novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches and provide solutions
to challenges in this field.
Essential Oil from the Twigs of Cinnamomum Cassia Mediated the Flexible Liposomes of the Total Glucosides of Peony for Arthritis Treatment
Authors: Ding Meihong , Liu Xingliang , Zhang Shuangshuang , Ding Zhongpeng , Wang Zhengyu , Zhang Ting , Wu Yili , Xu Beihua , Li Xue , Shi Senlin
Published: August 2023

Flexible liposomes (FL) have been developed as novel transdermal delivery systems. However, the skin barrier impairs the drug penetration and absorption. In this study, we designed, characterized and evaluated a total glucosides of Paeony (TPG) loaded FL (TFL) topically drug deliver
system for arthritis treatment. The novelty is that the essential oil from the Twigs of Cinnamomum Cassia (EOCC) was incorporated in TFL as drug penetrating enhancer. Interestingly, the EOCC addition didn’t significantly change the characteristic parameters of the TFL in terms
of morphology, size distribution, zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency. Remarkably, EOCC-embedded TGP-loaded FL (EOCC-TFL) dramatically prevented the drug leakage and improved the TGP skin penetration in vitro (4.6, 1.8, and 1.5 times higher than the TGP solution, TGP and EOCC
mixture, and TFL, respectively). Moreover, despite of the low dose (175 mg/kg which was half dose of the TGP gavage group), this optimized formulation exhibited favorable anti-inflammatory effects in vivo on arthritis rats with significantly reduced swollen toe volume and serum inflammatory
factor levels. This study lays solid foundation for the engineering liposomes with EOCC for transdermal drug delivery.
Enrichment of Sevoflurane and Propofol After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting and Hub Genes Analysis: An Integrated Bioinformatics Study
Authors: Ruan Yanjie , Feng Yu , Zhang Pin , Zhang Zhen , Zhang Le , Wang Chong , Song Qiong
Published: August 2023

Background: Internationally, coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is acknowledged as the most efficient way to treat coronary heart disease. In the CABG, sevoflurane and propofol are both used. For patients scheduled for an off-pump CABG, the differentially expressed genes
(DEGs) in the anaesthetic gas sevoflurane and the intravenous anaesthetic propofol groups were investigated and compared in this study. Methods: First, DEGs were discovered using the Gene Expression Omnibus-retrieved gene expression profile (GSE129562) (GEO). Additionally, GO (Gene
Ontology) function and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathway enrichment analysis were performed on the DEGs. Thirdly, protein–protein interactions (PPIs) for the DEGs were created. Results: In the anaesthetic gas sevoflurane group, our investigation identified
a total of 1710 DEGs, of which 1320 genes were up-regulated and 390 genes were down-regulated. The top three DEGs in the protein–protein network with the highest degrees are JUN, RELA, and HDAC1. In the intravenous anaesthetic propofol group, our investigation identified a total of 195
DEGs, of which 37 genes were up-regulated and 158 genes were down-regulated. The three DEGs with the highest degrees in the protein–protein network are JUN, FOS, and JUND. These DEGs were shown to be enriched in various keywords and pathways in the anaesthetic gas sevoflurane category
or in the intravenous anaesthetic propofol group, according to GO enrichment analysis and KEGG enrichment analysis. JUN is the gene that these two groups have in common. However, the DEGs in the most significant module clearly distinguish among these 2 categories. Conclusion: Our findings
show that certain DEGs may have an impact on patients scheduled for off-pump CABG in the sevoflurane gas anesthetic group and the propofol intravenous anesthetic group. These findings may aid future research into the molecular processes and biomarkers.
Ras-Related Protein Rap1A Accelerates the Malignant Process of Colorectal Carcinoma via Activating Fibroblast Growth Factor-2
Authors: Liu Xuezhong , Wang Qiuyuan
Published: August 2023

We investigated the expression and clinical significance of Rap1A in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) progression and its association with FGF2 signaling. We measured Rap1A levels in 44 CRC tissues and adjacent non-tumoral tissues and analyzed clinical indicators in recruited patients. Knockdown
of Rap1A in HCT-8 and SW480 cells was performed, followed by functional experiments to assess proliferative, migratory, and invasive abilities. The regulatory effects of Rap1A on FGF2 signaling by measuring protein levels of FGF2, ERK, and JNK. The binding interaction between Rap1A and FGF2
was explored using a dual-luciferase reporter assay. Rap1A, a protein highly expressed in CRC tissues, has been implicated in CRC progression and metastasis. Through various experiments, we demonstrated the involvement of FGF2 signaling in Rap1A-mediated CRC progression. Knockdown of Rap1A
resulted in decreased proliferation, migration, and invasion of CRC cells, accompanied by downregulation of FGF2, ERK, and JNK proteins. FGF2, identified as a target gene of Rap1A, was found to be upregulated in CRC tissues. Overexpression of FGF2 counteracted the inhibitory effects of Rap1A
knockdown on CRC cell abilities. In a mouse model, Rap1A knockdown inhibited CRC growth, which was rescued by FGF2 overexpression. In summary, Rap1A is highly expressed in CRC, predicts metastasis, and promotes CRC cell abilities through activation of FGF2 signaling.
LncRNA SNHG1 Regulates the Apoptosis and Proliferation of Neuronal Cells in Spinal Cord Injury by Targeting miR-140-5p/Nrf2 Axis
Authors: Jiang Zhensong , Zhang Jianru , Zhang Weimin
Published: August 2023

The high incidence rate of spinal cord injury makes it a research hotspot in the medical field. Therefore, this study explored the mechanism and efficacy of Long noncoding RNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 1 (LncRNA SNHG1) in spinal cord injury (SCI). The SCI rat model was established
and divided into sham, SCI, SCI+SNHG1 overexpression negative control (SCI+SNHG1-OE-NC), SCI+SNHG1 overexpression (SCI+SNHG1-OE). Hypoxia induced PC12 cells to construct a SCI cell model, and the cell viability and apoptosis were analyzed. The direct targeting relationship between SNHG1 and
miR-140-5p, as well as miR-140-5p and Nrf2, was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter. The expressions of SNHG1, miR-140-5p and Nrf2 in the hypoxic PC12 cells were detected. SNHG1 was lowly expressed in SCI rats and cells, while SNHG1-OE transfection alleviated the SCI condition and relieved
inflammation infiltration. SNHG1-OE enhanced activity of hypoxic PC12 cells. miR-140-5p could bind with SNHG1, and Nrf2 was a target of miR-140-5p. Thus, SNHG1-OE increased Nrf2 level by inhibiting the expression of miR-140-5p. LncRNA SNHG1 could alleviate SCI by regulating miR-140-5p/Nrf2
axis.