bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Audible noise evaluation for six‐phase overhead lines transformed from existing three‐phase double circuit infrastructures with uprated voltages
Authors: Li Qi , Li Yanzhou , Rowland Simon , Hu Jianlin , Cotton Ian , Jiang Xingliang
Published: September 2022

The drive to reduce carbon emissions and meet climate change targets set by governments worldwide has led to the growth of renewable energy sources and electric vehicles in recent years. Resulting intermittent generation and centralised demand require increased transmission capacities when operating associated power systems. Existing transmission lines are not capable of meeting planned needs. In many countries, obtaining a new right of way to build an overhead line (OHL) is increasingly difficult. There is therefore an urgent need to study techniques for transmission line uprating. Simply increasing voltages is not feasible because elevated surface potential gradient at conductor surfaces increases audible noise (AN) levels unacceptably. The feasibility of high phase order, especially six‐phase, transmission techniques has been previously demonstrated, and it has been proved to be an effective way to uprate existing three‐phase double circuit OHLs with increased voltages. This study analyses two typical overhead line structures, whose conductor surface potential gradient and AN level are calculated. The average and maximum surface potential gradient of the six‐phase OHL are 18.5% and 18.6% lower than that of the three‐phase ones. The AN of the six‐phase single circuit OHL is predicted to be 6.33 and 6.45 dBA lower than that of the three‐phase double circuit OHL after the voltage is increased by 45% and 50% for the lines considered. It is shown that six‐phase OHLs can increase capacity by allowing elevating phase voltages without increasing acoustic noise levels.
Continuous inkjet printing and machine learning identify unknown liquid viscosities
Authors: Frank Jodi Ackerman
Published: September 2022

Approach much faster, more comprehensive than measuring individual liquids using conventional rheometers
Graphene electric field sensor for large scale lightning detection network
Authors: Kareekunnan Afsal , Agari Tatsufumi , Kudo Takeshi , Niwa Shunsuke , Abe Yoshito , Maruyama Takeshi , Mizuta Hiroshi , Muruganathan Manoharan
Published: September 2022

Graphene is widely used in various real-life applications due to its high sensitivity to the change in the carrier concentration. Here, we demonstrate that graphene can be used for implementing a reliable lightning detection network as it shows excellent sensitivity to the electric field of both positive and negative polarities, with a wide range of magnitude. The lowest electric field detected by our graphene sensor is 67 V/m, which is much smaller than the detection limit of previously reported graphene sensors and comparable to that of field mill and MEMS-based sensors. We also present the results of outdoor experiments where the response of the graphene sensor to the atmospheric electric field on a lightning day was tested and found to be in good agreement with the existing field mill sensor.
Study on Townsend first ionization coefficient in a streamer filament of the pulsed electric discharge in water
Authors: Yang Yuantian , Wen Xiaoqiong , Wang Liru , Wang Xue
Published: September 2022

Streamers in water usually consist of several weakly ionized gaseous filaments. It is important to understand the ionization and excitation processes occurring in a streamer filament. In this paper, we studied the Townsend first ionization coefficient α in a streamer filament. The emission images of streamers in water were acquired by using an ultra-high speed camera system. Based on the emission images, it was found that the luminance of a streamer filament decreased exponentially as the distance increased from the anode tip. The Townsend first ionization coefficient in the streamer filament in water was then estimated by the emission profile method. It was found that the Townsend first ionization coefficient in a streamer filament was 5.3 cm−1 on average and did not depend on the water conductivity or the applied voltage of interest in the present paper. The Townsend first ionization coefficient estimated by the emission profile method is in agreement with that deduced from the electron density profile of the streamer filament in water, indicating that the emission profile method for measuring the Townsend first ionization coefficient can be applicable to the streamers in water. We also estimated the reduced Townsend first ionization coefficient α/N in a streamer filament in water and found that the obtained value for α/N was four orders of magnitude lower than those obtained from the glow discharge in low pressure water vapor, but at least ten orders of magnitude greater than those predicted by the empirical formulas.
Observation of threading dislocations and misfit dislocation half-loops in GaN/AlGaN heterostructures grown on Si using electron channeling contrast imaging
Authors: Fan Shizhao , Liu Rong , Huang Yingnan , Liu Jianxun , Zhan Xiaoning , Sun Xiujian , Feng Meixin , Yin Yuhao , Sun Qian , Yang Hui
Published: September 2022

We implemented invisibility criterion and black–white contrast orientation analysis into low-tilt electron channeling contrast imaging (ECCI) for dislocation-type discrimination in GaN and AlGaN layers grown on a Si(111) substrate. Our ECCI and x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis attained consistent threading dislocation densities for GaN and AlGaN grown on Si, but demonstrated drastic discrepancy in the percentage of edge-type dislocations, potentially due to the lack of appropriate consideration of mixed-type (a→+c→) dislocations in XRD. Further ECCI analysis of GaN/AlGaN heterointerface revealed mixed-type (a→+c→) dislocation half-loops and dislocation bending due to compressive strain relaxation, validating that not all the dislocations originated from the mosaic or columnar structure. As a result, XRD analysis based on the mosaic block model does not give reliable edge-to-screw dislocation ratio. The observation of classic van der Merwe–Matthews-type dislocation half-loop nucleation and dislocation gliding could be associated with potential GaN/AlGaN optoelectronic device degradation issues.
The effect of corn supplementation on α-tocopherol concentration and oxidative stability in three muscles of grass-fed Holstein bulls
Authors: Silva C. C. G. , Domingos-Lopes M. F. P. , Coelho M. C. , Rego O. A. , Rosa H. J. D.
Published: September 2022

Context Lipids are important in improving the flavour and aroma of beef and increasing its tenderness and juiciness. However, it is generally accepted that lipid oxidation is the main process responsible for deterioration of meat quality during storage. Naturally occurring antioxidants in pasture play an important role in protecting beef from oxidation. Aims The effects of feeding Holstein bulls grass alone or grass supplemented with high-energy ground corn on α-tocopherol content and oxidative stability of beef were investigated. Methods Thirty-three Holstein bulls, 15 months of age, fed grass alone after weaning were randomly divided into three groups and fed for 85 days as follows: (1) grass ad libitum only, (2) grass ad libitum and supplemented with 4 kg/day ground corn; (3) grass ad libitum and supplemented with 8 kg/day ground corn. Samples from three different muscles, longissimus thoracis, semitendinosus and supraspinatus, were analysed for α-tocopherol content and two oxidation parameters: reactive thiobarbituric acid substances (TBARS) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Key results Levels of α-tocopherol ranged from 2.7 to 3.1 μg/g in beef from animals fed only grass, whereas levels of 1.9–2.5 μg/g were observed in beef from animals supplemented with ground corn. Inclusion of corn in the bulls’ diets resulted in lower α-tocopherol and FRAP levels (P < 0.05) and higher TBARS content (P < 0.05) in the three muscles studied. Conclusions Supplementation of grass-fed bulls with ground corn resulted in muscles having less vitamin E and a reduced antioxidant capacity. Implications To produce high-quality beef, grass-fed Holstein cattle should be fed high-energy forages such as corn. However, this supplementation decreases the oxidative stability of the meat, most likely due to a reduction in the amount of α-tocopherol ingested via the grass.
Presence of energetic ions in hollow cathode discharge with low frequency oscillations
Authors: Wang Fu-Feng , Meng Tian-Hang , Yu Da-Ren , Ning Zhong-Xi , Zhu Xi-Ming
Published: September 2022

Low-power electric propulsion system has high application prospects. The matching small orifice cathode has become a research hotspot. Through the long-life-test, it is found that the small orifice cathode will also have serious erosion, which seriously affects the reliability of the cathode. This kind of erosion is caused by high-energy ion sputtering, which is usually observed only on the large orifice cathode. There is no clear mechanism research on the cause of such high-energy ions in the small orifice cathode plume region. This paper finds that when the energy of the cathode is mainly concentrated at low frequencies, energetic ions much higher than the discharge voltage will be generated in the cathode plume area. The measurement results of the ion energy distribution in the cathode plume area show that the energy of the ions generated near the keeper increase as the cathode oscillation intensifies. It is found that the oscillation phases of low-energy ions and high-energy ions are inconsistent by measuring the changes of different energy ions during the cathode oscillation period. The oscillation of low-energy ions is in the same phase with the cathode current, while that of high-energy ions is in the same phase with the discharge voltage. This means that the previously neglected oscillation of the cathode at the frequency of tens of kHz can also produce high-energy ions. Therefore, inhibiting the oscillation of this frequency band is of great significance to extend the life of the cathode.
A quest to extend friction law into multiscale soft matter: experiment confronted with theory—a review
Authors: Bełdowski Piotr , Gadomski Adam
Published: September 2022

This topical review focuses on applying the basics of the classical Coulomb–Amontons (CA) law of friction to describe bioinspired articulating systems of extremely low values of coefficients of friction (COFs). A quest to extend the CA law is thoroughly formulated and the complex biotribological circumstances are readily drawn. A starting conceptual platform is established to address the quest as belonging more to biological physics than physical-biology contexts. First, an applied-physics viewpoint is unveiled by presenting theoretical, experimental, and computer-simulation methods, pointing uniquely to the fact that the biological, mainly cellular, contribution to the problem cannot be solved satisfactorily by employing physical laws and tools only. However, a consecutive and systematic way of modifying the COFs by carefully expanding these quantities into series is sketched. Second, this viewpoint is compared with a nonequilibrium-thermodynamics framework up to the far-from-equilibrium, dissipative-structure addressing regime. This complex picture is corroborated with a random-walk type approach, mostly pertinent to the nanoscale, with an emphasis placed on the ubiquitous quantity, which is the huge number of hydrogen ions resulting from anomalous hydronium ions transport in water, changing in terms of pH values the acid-base solution conditions. The overall complex framework that is described, capable of unveiling kinetic-friction conditions (associated virtually with the random-walk of hydrogen ions), is supposed to mimic, or compensate, the biotribological contribution envisaged in terms of cellular productivity of chondrocytes/synoviocytes. Such productivity is necessary to maintain the friction-lubrication phenomenon as shown up in articular (bio)devices (knees, hips, jaws, elbows, etc) at ultralow COF-levels of 10−3 or less, and is greatly facilitated due to reduced overall dissipation and often nonlinear pathways at the meso- and nanoscale. In this way, a novel insight into the biotribological phenomenon of practical interest concerning versatile viscosupplementation and arthroscopic reparation strategies is gained.
Quantitative analyses of surface and bulk magnetization in Nd2Fe14B and SmCo5 single crystals: towards understanding the large N
eff in nucleation-type magnets
Authors: Karpenkov A Yu , Skokov K P , Dunaeva G G , Semenova E M , Lyakhova M B , Pastushenkov Yu G
Published: September 2022

The performance of sintered permanent magnets with nucleation-type coercivity mechanism is largely governed by the magnetic state of thin surface layers of constituent grains, and a deeper insight into magnetization–demagnetization processes occurring in the shell part of the grains is very important for further improvement of hard magnetic materials. In this work, we used Nd2Fe14B and SmCo5 single crystals as model objects. By applying magneto-optical Kerr microscopy and conventional magnetometry, we compare the magnetization–demagnetization processes occurring in the thin surface layer and in the volume of both single crystals. We show that upon magnetization along the c-axis, the volume of the single crystals saturates in the field, rigorously determined by demagnetization factor of the bulk sample, whereas in the surface layer a magnetic domain structure exists up to 1.88 T in Nd2Fe14B and 1.19 T in SmCo5 regardless of their bulk demagnetization factors. This means that the surface layer with orientation perpendicular to c-axis magnetizes as a thin magnetic film and has an effective demagnetization factor
N
eff
∼ 1. We also show that this effect can be reproduced in the framework of conventional finite element method modeling but the analytical solution of this problem still needs to be found. We believe that our findings can be useful for understanding of the formation of a high coercive state in nucleation-type permanent magnets, where the phenomenological concept of the large effective demagnetization factor
N
eff
plays an important role.
Performance degradation prediction model of rolling bearing based on self-checking long short-term memory network
Authors: Lan Xiaosheng , Li Yunfeng , Su Yuanhao , Meng Liang , Kong Xiaojia , Xu Tongle
Published: September 2022

The prediction of performance degradation is of great significance for the health monitoring of rolling bearings. When predicting the performance degradation trend for the whole-life data of bearings, there are problems such as long prediction time, high cost and single evaluation criteria for prediction effect, which hinder the accuracy of degradation prediction. To this end, a self-checking long and short-term memory (Sc-LSTM) prediction model is proposed in this paper for predicting the performance degradation trend of bearings. First, Relation was used as a performance degradation indicator and improved using the mean and normalization methods. This approach can effectively alleviate the problems of long forecasting time and high cost. Secondly, the long and short-term memory (LSTM) sets up many different prediction schemes and proposes a test layer by segmental prediction and comparison to select the appropriate test index σ. According to the robust stability of the self-checking method and the high accuracy of LSTM nonlinear prediction, an Sc-LSTM performance degradation prediction model is established. The model introduces the prediction effect assessment of prediction pass rate η to make up for the problem of inadequate assessment of prediction effect by a single error. Finally, using the Sc-LSTM model, relation is used to perform segmental predictive analysis and experimental validation of the overall prediction. Experiments show that the model can effectively improve the prediction accuracy and is feasible in the prediction of bearing performance degradation.
An efficient rectangular optimization method for sparse orthogonal collimator based small animal irradiation
Authors: Jiang Lu , Lyu Qihui , Abdelhamid Amr M H , Hui Susanta , Sheng Ke
Published: September 2022

Objective. Intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) is widely used in clinical radiotherapy, treating varying malignancies with conformal doses. As the test field for clinical translation, preclinical small animal experiments need to mimic the human radiotherapy condition, including IMRT. However, small animal IMRT is a systematic challenge due to the lack of corresponding hardware and software for miniaturized targets. Approach. The sparse orthogonal collimators (SOC) based on the direct rectangular aperture optimization (RAO) substantially simplified the hardware for miniaturization. This study investigates and evaluates a significantly improved RAO algorithm for complex mouse irradiation using SOC. Because the Kronecker product representation of the rectangular aperture is the main limitation of the computational performance, we reformulated matrix multiplication in the data fidelity term using multiplication with small matrices instead of the Kronecker product of the dose loading matrices. Solving the optimization problem was further accelerated using the Fast Iterative Shrinkage-Thresholding Algorithm (FISTA). Main results. Four mouse cases, including a liver, a brain tumor, a concave U-target, and a complex total marrow irradiation (TMI) case, were included in this study with manually delineated targets and OARs. Seven coplanar-field SOC IMRT (sIMRT) plans were compared with idealistic fluence map based IMRT (iIMRT) plans. For the first three cases with simpler and smaller targets, the differences between sIMRT plans and iIMRT plans in the planning target volumes (PTV) statistics are within 1%. For the TMI case, the sIMRT plans are superior in reducing hot spots (also termed D
max) of PTV, kidneys, lungs, heart, and bowel by 20.5%, 31.5%, 24.67%, 20.13%, and 17.78%, respectively. On average, in four cases in this study, the sIMRT plan conformity is comparable to that of the iIMRT’s with lightly increased R50 and Integral Dose by 2.23% and 2.78%. Significance. The significantly improved sIMRT optimization method allows fast plan creation in under 1 min for smaller targets and makes complex TMI planning feasible while achieving comparable dosimetry to idealistic IMRT with fluence map optimization.
State enhanced actinometry in the COST microplasma jet
Authors: Steuer David , van Impel Henrik , Gibson Andrew R , Schulz-von der Gathen Volker , Böke Marc , Golda Judith
Published: September 2022

A new actinometry approach, helium state enhanced actinometry (SEA), is presented. This diagnostic uses the emission of the atomic states O(3p3P) (λ = 844.6 nm), Ar(2p1) (λ = 750.4 nm) and He(33S) (λ = 706.5 nm) and allows the atomic oxygen density and the mean electron energy to be determined simultaneously from the spectral line intensity ratios. Here, the atomic states are selected in a way that they cover a wide range of the electron energy distribution function (EEDF). The method is compared to the classical actinometry approach and energy resolved actinometry (ERA) based on measurements on the COST microplasma jet. In addition, a benchmark against two-photon absorption laser induced fluorescence measurements is performed. Both atomic oxygen densities and mean electron energies are in good agreement with the literature. Furthermore, SEA offers a number of advantages over known approaches. Firstly, the experimental complexity is significantly reduced by using time-integrated spectra instead of phase-resolved measurements, as used in the original ERA approach. Secondly, the precision of the electron energy measurement can be significantly improved by the use of the helium state. In addition, known uncertainties e.g. due to excitation of oxygen excited levels via metastable oxygen states can be reduced.
Electrical properties and microstructure of V/Al/Ni/Au contacts on n-Al0.65Ga0.35N:Si with different Au thicknesses and annealing temperatures
Authors: Cho H K , Mogilatenko A , Susilo N , Ostermay I , Seifert S , Wernicke T , Kneissl M , Einfeldt S
Published: September 2022

We investigated the formation of ohmic contacts as a result of intermetallic phase formation between V, Al, Ni, and Au in V/Al/Ni/Au metal stacks on n-Al0.65Ga0.35N:Si. In particular, the influence of Au metal thickness and annealing temperature was analysed. The lowest annealing temperature of 750 °C for an ohmic contact with a smooth surface and a contact resistivity of about 2.4 × 10−5 Ωcm2 was achieved for V(15 nm)/Al(120 nm)/Ni(20 nm)/Au(40 nm). The lowest contact resistivity is accompanied by formation of two thin interfacial regions consisting of AlN and an Au-rich phase. We suggest that not only the formation of thin interfacial AlN layer is important for a low contact resistance, but also the formation of the Au-rich interface can have a favourable effect on the contact properties.
Inverse design of broadband, strongly-coupled plexcitonic nonlinear metasurfaces
Authors: Blechman Yael , Tsesses Shai , Bartal Guy , Almeida Euclides
Published: September 2022

Hybrid photonic structures of plasmonic metasurfaces coupled to atomically thin semiconductors have emerged as a versatile platform for strong light–matter interaction, supporting both strong coupling and parametric nonlinearities. However, designing optimized nonlinear hybrid metasurfaces is a complex task, as the multiple parameters’ contribution to the nonlinear response is elusive. Here we present a simple yet powerful strategy for maximizing the nonlinear response of the hybrid structures based on evolutionary inverse design of the metasurface’s near-field enhancement around the excitonic frequency. We show that the strong coupling greatly enhances the nonlinear signal, and that its magnitude is mainly determined by the Rabi splitting, making it robust to geometrical variations of the metasurface. Furthermore, the large Rabi splitting attained by these hybrid structures enables broadband operation over the frequencies of the hybridized modes. Our results constitute a significant step toward achieving flexible nonlinear control, which can benefit applications in nonlinear frequency conversion, all-optical switching, and phase-controlled nonlinear metasurfaces.
Coupling of ‘cold’ electron plasma wave via stationary ion inhomogeneity to the plasma bulk
Authors: Kumar Pandey Sanjeev , Mahapatra Jagannath , Ganesh Rajaraman
Published: September 2022

Using high resolution kinetic (VPPM-OMP 1.0) and fluid (BOUT++) solvers, evolution of long-wavelength electron plasma wave (EPW) in the presence of stationary periodic ion background non-uniformity is investigated. Mode coupling dynamics between long-wavelength EPW mode of scale k and ion inhomogeneity of scale k
0 is illustrated. Validity of well known Bessel function J

n
(x) scaling in the cold plasma approximation (i.e., when phase velocity ω/k ≫ v

thermal
) alongwith the effect of ion inhomogeneity amplitude (A) on temporal evolution of energy density in the long-wavelength EPW mode is investigated. Effect of finite system sizes on the Bessel J

n
(x) scaling is examined and scaling law for τ

FM
i.e the time required to attain first minimum of energy density of the corresponding perturbed mode (also called phase mixing time for k ⟶ 0 modes) versus ion inhomogeneity amplitude A obtained from both kinetic and fluid solutions for each of the cases studied, alongwith some major differences in τ

FM
scaling for small system sizes is also reported.
Distribution of radial dose in water at nanometer scale for ions of the same linear energy transfer: benefits of the concept of annular dose
Authors: Awad El-Sayed , Abu-Shady Mohamed , Fromm Michel
Published: September 2022

Annular-dose AD is a new conception , based on the radial dose distribution, RDD, introduced by the present work. AD is the integrated dose for many shells around the ions and it is defined as the dose deposited in the shell volume perpendicular to the ion path of width

(
r
=
0.1
→

R

min

)
,

length equal

2
π

and thickness equal unity (1 nm). Thus, it integrates and maps the deposited dose due to ion in any medium at nanometer scale better than the ordinary radial dose. Katz and Awad radial dose formulae plus Butts-Katz and Tabata electron range-energy relations are composing three different approaches. These approaches were used for studying the AD for 30 ions forming 4 different equal LET groups and have energy at Bragg peak region from 1.5 to 24 MeV n−1. The annular dose, AD as a function of the shell width for the ions under investigation showed that dose distributions around the ions of same LET are not the same and a clear peak at certain shell width called the ion’s maximum annular dose width, r

MADW
was determined for the first time. The r

MADW
is the position where the maximum reachable dose is delivered by secondary electrons around the ion. The ion’s r

MADW
showed an increasing function with Z*β within the same LET group. Interestingly, it was found that r

MADW
behaves as an increasing monotonic function of the relative ion velocity, β using the three approaches considered in this work.
Primordial stochastic gravitational wave background anisotropies: in-in formalization and applications
Authors: Dimastrogiovanni Ema , Fasiello Matteo , Pinol Lucas
Published: September 2022

Primordial non-Gaussianities of the scalar(tensor)-tensor-tensor type supporting a
non-trivial squeezed component are known to induce anisotropies in the stochastic gravitational
wave background. We derive the explicit form of such anisotropies by making use, for the first
time in this context, of the in-in formalism for cosmological correlation functions. After
illustrating the general method and using it for the minimal single-field slow-roll case, we apply
it to multi-field models, providing both a tree-level and a one-loop example. First, we make
contact with previous results on anisotropies due to the presence of an extra spin-2 field during
inflation. Secondly, we calculate the 1-loop scalar-tensor-tensor three-point function in the
context of so-called supersolid inflation. The corresponding gravitational wave anisotropy is
induced atop a gravitational signal that may be sufficiently large for detection.
Does inflation squeeze cosmological perturbations?
Authors: Agullo Ivan , Bonga Béatrice , Ribes Metidieri Patricia
Published: September 2022

There seems to exist agreement about the fact that inflation squeezes the quantum state of
cosmological perturbations and entangles modes with wavenumbers k⟶ and -k⟶. Paradoxically, this result has been used to justify both the classicality as well as the
quantumness of the primordial perturbations at the end of inflation. We reexamine this question
and point out that the definition of two-mode squeezing of the modes k⟶ and -k⟶ used
in previous work rests on choices that are only justified for systems with time-independent
Hamiltonians and finitely many degrees of freedom. We argue that for quantum fields propagating on
generic time-dependent Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker backgrounds, the notion of squeezed
states is subject to ambiguities, which go hand in hand with the ambiguity in the definition of
particles. In other words, we argue that the question “does the cosmic expansion squeeze and
entangle modes with wavenumbers k⟶ and -k⟶?” contains the same ambiguity as the
question “does the cosmic expansion create particles?”. When additional symmetries are present,
like in the (quasi) de Sitter-like spacetimes used in inflationary models, one can resolve the
ambiguities, and we find that the answer to the question in the title turns out to be in the
negative. We further argue that this fact does not make the state of cosmological perturbations
any less quantum, at least when deviations from Gaussianity can be neglected.
The halo 3-point correlation function: a methodological analysis
Authors: Veropalumbo A. , Binetti A. , Branchini E. , Moresco M. , Monaco P. , Oddo A. , Sánchez A.G. , Sefusatti E.
Published: September 2022

Upcoming galaxy surveys will provide us with an unprecedented view of the Large-Scale Structure of the Universe and the realistic chance to extract valuable astrophysical and cosmological information from higher-order clustering statistics. This perspective poses new challenges, requiring both accurate and efficient estimators and a renewed assessment of possible systematic errors in the theoretical models and likelihood assumptions. This work investigates these issues in relation to the analysis of the 3-point correlation function (3PCF) in configuration space. We measure the 3PCF of 300 halo catalogs from theMinervasimulations covering a total volume of 1000h-3Gpc3. Each 3PCF measurement includesallpossible triangular configurations with sides between 20 and 130h-1Mpc. In the first place, we test different estimates of the covariance matrix, a crucial aspect of the analysis. We compare the covariance computed numerically from the limited but accurate benchmark simulations set to the one obtained from 10000 approximate halo catalogs generated with thePinocchiocode. We demonstrate that the two numerically-estimated covariance matrices largely match, confirming the validity of approximate methods based on Lagrangian Perturbation Theory for generating mocks suitable for covariance estimation. We also compare the numerical covariance with a theoretical prediction in the Gaussian approximation. We find a good match between the two for separations above 40h-1Mpc. We test the 3PCF tree-level model in Perturbation Theory. The model is adopted in a likelihood analysis aimed at the determination of bias parameters. We find that, for our sample of halos at redshift z=1, the tree-level model performs well for separationsr≥ 40hh-1Mpc. Results obtained with this scale cut are robust against different choices of covariance matrix. We compare to the analogous analysis of the halo bispectrum already presented in a previous publication, finding a remarkable agreement between the two statistics. We notice that such comparison relies, to the best of our knowledge for the first time, on a robust and consistent covariance estimate and on the inclusion of essentially all measurable configurations in Fourier as in configuration space. We then test different assumptions to build the model defining a robust combination of hypotheses that lead to unbiased parameter estimates. Our results confirm the importance of 3PCF, supplying a solid recipe for its inclusion in likelihood analyses. Moreover, it opens the path for further improvements, especially in modelling, to extract information from non-linear regimes.
Regularization of δ′ potential in general case of deformed space with minimal length
Authors: Samar M I , Tkachuk V M
Published: September 2022

In the general case of deformed Heisenberg algebra leading to the minimal length, we present a definition of the δ′(x) potential as a linear kernel of potential energy operator in momentum representation. We find exactly the energy level and corresponding eigenfunction for δ′(x) and δ(x) − δ′(x) potentials in deformed space with arbitrary function of deformation. The energy spectrum for different partial cases of deformation function is analysed.
Green synthesis and characterisation of rice water derived fluorescent carbon dots
Authors: P C Haripadmam , M M Nimisha
Published: September 2022

In this article, we report a facile green synthesis of carbon dots (C-dots) with excellent blue emission using only rice water as the source. The C-dots are synthesised at 200 °C by a simple calcination method. Furthermore, the structural and optical characterisation of the as-synthesised C-dots reveals their quality without any further chemical modification. These non-toxic C-dots have good water solubility and stability. The anti-oxidant ability of these C-dots makes them suitable material for fruit storage applications. Hence the C-dots synthesised in the present study is a promising optical material and suitable for fruit preservation applications.
Side lobe level reduction of metasurface transmit array
Authors: Kumar P Vinod , Ghosh Basudeb
Published: September 2022

This paper presents a study on the side-lobe level (SLL) reduction with transmission type metasurface (MTS) using the concept of non-uniform array technique and transmit array antenna. According to the non-uniform antenna array technique, the SLL can be controlled by controlling the amplitude and phase distribution simultaneously. Initially, transmit array concept is used to design the MTS. The radiation characteristics of the MTS antenna are analyzed by exciting with a rectangular patch antenna at a fixed feed position. The simulation results show a gain of 17.6 dB with SLL of −18.3 and −19 dB in ϕ = 0° and 90°-planes, respectively. Later, non-uniform array techniques are used to reduce the SLL by introducing various amplitude distribution functions on the MTS for a fixed focal distance. The MTS incorporates the amplitude tapering functions such as Kaiser, Hamming, Hanning, and Blackman distribution functions. The resulting SLLs are analyzed, and the achieved SLLs are far from the theoretical values. In order to further reduce and control the SLL, the Gaussian distribution function is used, which minimizes the SLL by optimizing the standard deviation(σ). A MTS with 16 × 16 unitcells is fabricated and measured with an optimized σ = 0.31. The measured SLL are −25.1 and −26.3 dB in ϕ = 0° and 90°-planes, respectively.
On the quotient of the homology cobordism group by Seifert spaces
Authors: Hendricks Kristen , Hom Jennifer , Stoffregen Matthew , Zemke Ian
Published: September 2022

We prove that the quotient of the integer homology cobordism group by the subgroup generated by the Seifert fibered spaces is infinitely generated.
Challenges in the Implementation of the Rajasthan Pneumoconiosis Policy
Authors: Chaturvedi Oshi , Mantri Neha , Joshi Nitin Kumar , Goel Akhil Dhnaesh , Jain Yogesh Kumar , Gupta Manoj Kumar , Manda Balwant , Bhardwaj Pankaj
Published: September 2022

Objectives

“Silicosis” is a leading cause of occupational morbidity globally. In Rajasthan, India silicosis has been recognized as an epidemic, resulting in the development of a new pneumoconiosis policy in 2019. This study was conducted to provide an overview of the policy implementation regarding the detection, prevention, and control of silicosis.

Methods

A qualitative study was carried out in the Jodhpur district of Western Rajasthan in which stakeholders were interviewed. Themes were identified regarding prevention, detection, diagnosis, and certification, and organized by stakeholder role. Data were retrieved from the Silicosis Grant Disbursement Portal of the Government of Rajasthan to present an overview of the existing system for detection, prevention, and control of silicosis and to determine the delays in various aspects.

Results

A total of 35 stakeholders were interviewed. There was low awareness regarding the prevention, detection, diagnosis, and rehabilitation of silicosis amongst multiple stakeholders. There is a need for robust enforcement in mining units regarding silicosis prevention and screening. Unregistered mining activities and migration of mineworkers are major challenges in the detection of silicosis cases. Misdiagnosis and low notification rates prevent workers from accessing resources. There are myriad reasons for delays in workers receiving diagnosis and benefits, which have systemic roots but can be uprooted through rigorous implementation of the legislative provisions.

Conclusion

There are several well-established pieces of legislation to protect the rights of mineworkers; however, there are gaps in the effective implementation of various provisions that require immediate attention to address the challenges faced during the prevention, detection, diagnosis, and rehabilitation of workers with silicosis.
Systematic comparison of ranking aggregation methods for gene lists in experimental results
Authors: Wang Bo , Law Andy , Regan Tim , Parkinson Nicholas , Cole Joby , Russell Clark D , Dockrell David H , Gutmann Michael U , Baillie J Kenneth
Published: September 2022

Motivation

A common experimental output in biomedical science is a list of genes implicated in a given biological process or disease. The gene lists resulting from a group of studies answering the same, or similar, questions can be combined by ranking aggregation methods to find a consensus or a more reliable answer. Evaluating a ranking aggregation method on a specific type of data before using it is required to support the reliability since the property of a dataset can influence the performance of an algorithm. Such evaluation on gene lists is usually based on a simulated database because of the lack of a known truth for real data. However, simulated datasets tend to be too small compared to experimental data and neglect key features, including heterogeneity of quality, relevance and the inclusion of unranked lists.

Results

In this study, a group of existing methods and their variations that are suitable for meta-analysis of gene lists are compared using simulated and real data. Simulated data were used to explore the performance of the aggregation methods as a function of emulating the common scenarios of real genomic data, with various heterogeneity of quality, noise level and a mix of unranked and ranked data using 20 000 possible entities. In addition to the evaluation with simulated data, a comparison using real genomic data on the SARS-CoV-2 virus, cancer (non-small cell lung cancer) and bacteria (macrophage apoptosis) was performed. We summarize the results of our evaluation in a simple flowchart to select a ranking aggregation method, and in an automated implementation using the meta-analysis by information content algorithm to infer heterogeneity of data quality across input datasets.

Availability and implementation

The code for simulated data generation and running edited version of algorithms: https://github.com/baillielab/comparison_of_RA_methods. Code to perform an optimal selection of methods based on the results of this review, using the MAIC algorithm to infer the characteristics of an input dataset, can be downloaded here: https://github.com/baillielab/maic. An online service for running MAIC: https://baillielab.net/maic.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
PoCUS in nephrology: a new tool to improve our diagnostic skills
Authors: Romero-González Gregorio , Manrique Joaquin , Slon-Roblero María F , Husain-Syed Faeq , De la Espriella Rafael , Ferrari Fiorenza , Bover Jordi , Ortiz Alberto , Ronco Claudio
Published: September 2022

Point-of-Care Ultrasonography (PoCUS) aims to include a fifth pillar (insonation) in the classical physical examination in order to obtain images to answer specific questions by the clinician at the patient's bedside, allowing rapid identification of structural or functional abnormalities, enabling more accurate volume assessment and supporting diagnosis, as well as guiding procedures. In recent years, PoCUS has started becoming a valuable tool in day-to-day clinical practice, adopted by healthcare professionals from various medical specialties, never replacing physical examination but improving patient and medical care and experience. Renal patients represent a wide range of diseases, which lends PoCUS a special role as a valuable tool in different scenarios, not only for volume-related information but also for the assessment of a wide range of acute and chronic conditions, enhancing the sensitivity of conventional physical examination in nephrology. PoCUS in the hands of a nephrologist is a precision medicine tool.
Multi-species meta-analysis identifies transcriptional signatures associated with cardiac endothelial responses in the ischaemic heart
Authors: Li Ziwen , Solomonidis Emmanouil G , Berkeley Bronwyn , Tang Michelle Nga Huen , Stewart Katherine Ross , Perez-Vicencio Daniel , McCracken Ian R , Spiroski Ana-Mishel , Gray Gillian A , Barton Anna K , Sellers Stephanie L , Riley Paul R , Baker Andrew H , Brittan Mairi
Published: September 2022

Aim

Myocardial infarction remains the leading cause of heart failure. The adult human heart lacks the capacity to undergo endogenous regeneration. New blood vessel growth is integral to regenerative medicine necessitating a comprehensive understanding of the pathways that regulate vascular regeneration. We sought to define the transcriptomic dynamics of coronary endothelial cells following ischaemic injuries in the developing and adult mouse and human heart and to identify new mechanistic insights and targets for cardiovascular regeneration.

Methods and results

We carried out a comprehensive meta-analysis of integrated single-cell RNA-sequencing data of coronary vascular endothelial cells from the developing and adult mouse and human heart spanning healthy and acute and chronic ischaemic cardiac disease. We identified species-conserved gene regulatory pathways aligned to endogenous neovascularization. We annotated injury-associated temporal shifts of the endothelial transcriptome and validated four genes: VEGF-C, KLF4, EGR1, and ZFP36. Moreover, we showed that ZFP36 regulates human coronary endothelial cell proliferation and defined that VEGF-C administration in vivo enhances clonal expansion of the cardiac vasculature post-myocardial infarction. Finally, we constructed a coronary endothelial cell meta-atlas, CrescENDO, to empower future in-depth research to target pathways associated with coronary neovascularization.

Conclusion

We present a high-resolution single-cell meta-atlas of healthy and injured coronary endothelial cells in the mouse and human heart, revealing a suite of novel targets with great potential to promote vascular regeneration, and providing a rich resource for therapeutic development.
Moving beyond ‘infancy’: towards a cross-fertilization between EMI and EAP scholarship
Authors: Wingate Ursula , Hakim Angela
Published: September 2022

Growth in the provision of English medium instruction (EMI) has led to a significant increase in publications on EMI. Several publications claim that EMI is a young field that is still at the level of ‘infancy’ in areas such as language-related student support and teacher education. This raises the question why EMI appears not to draw on research and practices from English for academic purposes (EAP), a discipline with a longer history of enquiry into English-medium education. In this paper, we explore convergences between EMI and EAP in the areas of student support, collaboration between language teachers and subject teachers, and teacher education, and suggest some EAP theories and practices that EMI might usefully draw on. We conclude by stressing the need for cross-fertilization between EMI and EAP scholarship and for a joined research agenda that aims to produce more systematic empirical evidence of the benefits of discipline-specific academic language and literacy development.
Frequent vegetable consumption is inversely associated with hypertension among indigenous Africans
Authors: Akpa Onoja Matthew , Okekunle Akinkunmi Paul , Asowata Osahon Jeffery , Chikowore Tinashe , Mohamed Shukri F , Sarfo Fred , Akinyemi Rufus , Akpalu Albert , Wahab Kolawole , Obiako Reginald , Komolafe Morenikeji , Owolabi Lukman , Osaigbovo Godwin O , Ogbole Godwin , Tiwari Hemant K , Akinyemi Joshua , Fakunle Adekunle , Uvere Ezinne , Adeoye Abiodun M , Lackland Daniel , Arnett Donna K , Ovbiagele Bruce , Ramsay Michèle , Owolabi Mayowa
Published: September 2022

Aims

The relationship between vegetable consumption and hypertension occurrence remains poorly characterized in sub-Saharan Africa. This study assessed the association of vegetable consumption with odds of hypertension among indigenous Africans.

Methods and results

We harmonized data on prior vegetable consumption and hypertension occurrence (defined as one of the following conditions; systolic blood pressure ≥140 or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg or previous diagnosis or use of antihypertensive medications) from 16 445 participants across five African countries (Nigeria, South Africa, Kenya, Ghana and Burkina Faso) in the Stroke Investigative Research and Educational Network and Africa Wits-INDEPTH partnership for Genomic studies. Vegetable consumption (in servings/week) was classified as ‘low’ (<6). ‘moderate’ (6–11), ‘sufficient’ (12–29), and ‘high’ (≥30). Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of hypertension were estimated by categories of vegetable consumption (using ‘low’ consumption as reference), adjusting for sex, age in years, family history of cardiovascular diseases, education, smoking, alcohol use, physical inactivity, body mass index, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidaemia using logistic regressions at P < 0.05. The mean age of participants was 53.0 ( ± 10.7) years, and 7552 (45.9%) were males, whereas 7070 (42.9%) had hypertension. In addition, 6672(40.6%) participants had ‘low’ vegetable consumption, and 1758(10.7%) had ‘high’ vegetable consumption. Multivariable-adjusted OR for hypertension by distribution of vegetable consumption (using ‘low’ consumption as reference) were 1.03 (95% CI: 0.95, 1.12) for ‘moderate’ consumption; 0.80 (0.73, 0.88) for ‘sufficient’, and 0.81 (0.72, 0.92) for ‘high’ consumption, P-for-trend <0.0001.

Conclusion

Indigenous Africans who consumed at least 12 servings of vegetables per week were less likely to be found hypertensive, particularly among males and young adults.
Regulation of Digital Platforms and the Digital Economy in Japan
Authors: Aso Tsukasa , Rademacher Christoph
Published: September 2022

The digital economy continues to evolve in Japan and around the world. Big data and personal information have significant economic value and require appropriate legal protection for both information providers and users. Digital platforms, as online intermediaries, occupy a particularly important position in relation to the handling of such information. While digital platforms can greatly benefit society by accumulating and structuring large amounts of data from diverse markets, they can also be prone to the lock-in effect, resulting in monopolies or oligopolies due to network effects. Therefore, digital platforms can have a detrimental effect on individuals and society if they do not operate appropriately. Potential issues include a lack of transparency and fairness of transactions, distribution of infringing content, and the mishandling of data and personal information. Policymakers across the globe recognize these issues, and various regulatory measures have been proposed and implemented. In this paper, we outline how Japan regulates issues related to digital platforms and the digital economy, and highlight some nuances of the Japanese law by comparing it with corresponding European systems.