bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Feasibility assessment of invigorating grassrooTs primary healthcare for prevention and management of cardiometabolic diseases in resource-limited settings in China, Kenya, Nepal, Vietnam (the FAITH study): rationale and design
Authors: Gong Enying , Lu Hongsheng , Shao Shuai , Tao Xuanchen , Peoples Nicholas , Kohrt Brandon A. , Xiong Shangzhi , Kyobutungi Catherine , Haregu Tilahun Nigatu , Khayeka-Wandabwa Christopher , Van Minh Hoang , Hanh Tran Thi Duc , Koirala Suraj , Gautam Kamal , Yan Lijing L.
Published: November 2019

Background

Cardiometabolic diseases are the leading cause of death and disability in many low- and middle-income countries. As the already severe burden from these conditions continues to increase in low- and middle-income countries, cardiometabolic diseases introduce new and salient public health challenges to primary health care systems. In this mixed-method study, we aim to assess the capacity of grassroots primary health care facilities to deliver essential services for the prevention and control of cardiometabolic diseases. Built on this information, our goal is to propose evidence-based recommendations to promote a stronger primary health care system in resource-limited settings.

Methods

The study will be conducted in resource-limited settings in China, Kenya, Nepal, and Vietnam using a mixed-method approach that incorporates a literature review, surveys, and in-depth interviews. The literature, statistics, and document review will extract secondary data on the burden of cardiometabolic diseases in each country, the existing policies and interventions related to strengthening primary health care services, and improving care related to non-communicable disease prevention and control. We will also conduct primary data collection. In each country, ten grassroots primary health care facilities across representative urban-rural regions will be selected. Health care professionals and patients recruited from these facilities will be invited to participate in the facility assessment questionnaire and patients’ survey. Stakeholders – including patients, health care professionals, policymakers at the local, regional, and national levels, and local authorities – will be invited to participate in in-depth interviews. A standard protocol will be designed to allow for adaption and localization in data collection instruments and procedures within each country.

Discussion

With a special focus on the capacity of primary health care facilities in resource-limited settings in low- and middle-income countries, this study has the potential to add new evidence for policymakers and academia by identifying the most common and significant barriers primary health care services face in managing and preventing cardiometabolic diseases. With these findings, we will generate evidence-based recommendations on potential strategies that are feasible for resource-limited settings in combating the increasing challenges of cardiometabolic diseases.
Impact of uterine contractility on quality of life of women undergoing uterine fibroid embolization
Authors: Fornazari Vinicius Adami Vayego , Salazar Gloria Maria Martinez , Vayego Stela Adami , Nunes Thiago Franchi , Goncalves Belarmino , Szejnfeld Jacob , Bonduki Claudio Emilio , Goldman Suzan Menasce , Szejnfeld Denis
Published: November 2019

Background

Although changes in uterine contractility pattern after uterine fibroid embolization (UFE) has already been assessed by cine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), their impact on quality of life outcomes has not been evaluated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of uterine contractility on the quality of life of women undergoing UFE measured by the Uterine Fibroid Symptom and Quality of Life questionnaire (UFS-QOL).

Results

A total of 26 patients were included. MRI scans were acquired 30–7 days before and 6 months after UFE for all patients. The UFS-QOL was applied in person on first MRI exam day and 1 year after UFE and the outcomes were analyzed according to the groups of evolution pattern of uterine contractility: Group A: Unchanged Uterine Contractility Pattern, 38%; Group B: Favorable Modified Uterine Contractility Pattern, 50%; and Group C: Loss of Uterine Contractility, 11%. All UFE patients presented a reduction in the mean score for symptoms and increase in mean scores on quality of life. All patients in this cohort presented a reduction in mean symptom score and increase in the mean score of quality of life subscales. Group A had more relevant complaints regarding their sense of self-confidence; Group B presented worse sexual function scores before UFE, which improved after UFE compared to Group A.

Conclusions

Significant improvement in symptoms, quality of life, and uterine contractility was observed after UFE in women of reproductive age with symptomatic fibroids. Functional uterine contractility seems to have a positive impact on quality of life and sexual function in this population.

Level of evidence

Level 3, Non-randomized controlled cohort/follow-up study.
The genealogy of traditional Javanese cassava-based foods
Authors: Herminingrum Sri
Published: November 2019

Cassava is generally consumed by Javanese who inhabited the areas where cassava plant is cultivated; therefore, culturally, it has ethnic importance. Even though formerly it was regarded as marginal food, its existence follows the nature of culture—ever-changing based on space and time. The study done aims to disclose the genealogy of various kinds of cassava-based foods in connection with Javanese food choices and food ways. Accordingly, the discussion encompasses the materials used, the preparation methods; cooking, serving, and giving suitable complements; the specific functions, the origin, and its development from the past to the present day. The findings significantly demonstrate that the numerous foods generated from cassava roots and leaves, covering staple foods, light meals, side dishes, and drinks, are manifestation of Indonesian cultural diversity. More importantly, this ethnic food in general is also inherent with the Javanese philosophy on living in harmony between humans and the nature surrounding that should be well managed. These two points underline that cassava-based food identity is not a mere cultural expression. It is built by Javanese communities through their natural experiences, simple knowledge, and hard efforts to make cassava-based foods still exist in agreement with the developing era.
Management of Brain Metastases in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Ernani Vinicius , Stinchcombe Thomas E.
Published: November 2019

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States. Approximately 20% of these patients present with brain metastases (BMs). Surgical resection, stereotactic radiosurgery, and whole-brain radiation therapy have historically been the primary treatment modalities for patients with non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and BMs. The treatments for BMs have become complex with the discovery of targetable molecular drivers and the development of an astonishing number of tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Many of these tyrosine kinase inhibitors have robust and durable efficacy against CNS metastases. In many circumstances, these drugs can defer local therapy and even reduce the risk of CNS progression. More recently, immune checkpoint inhibitors have changed the treatment landscape for many patients with NSCLC; however, the role of immunotherapy in patients with BMs is the subject of ongoing investigations. This article will review the current data and our approach to patients with NSCLC and BMs.
The therapeutic effect of controlled reoxygenation on chronic hypoxia-associated brain injury
Authors: Tu Zhenzhen , Tan Xingqin , Li Shangyingying , Cui Jie , Tu Shengfen , Jiang Li
Published: November 2019

Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is the most general technique applied in congenital heart disease (CHD). However, standard CPB poses a specific pathologic condition for patients during surgery: exposure to reoxygenation. When surgery is performed on cyanotic infants, standard CPB is usually initiated at a high concentration of oxygen without consideration of cytotoxic effects. Controlled reoxygenation is defined as using normoxic CPB with a pump prime the PO2 (oxygen tension in the blood) of which is matched to the patient's preoperative saturation. The aim of this study is to determine whether controlled reoxygenation could avoid standard reoxygenation injury and to clarify the molecular signaling pathways during hypoxia. We successfully established the reproducing abnormal brain observed in mice, of chronic hypoxia during the period of early postnatal development, which is equivalent to the third trimester in humans. Mice were treated with standard reoxygenation and controlled reoxygenation after hypoxia for 24 h. We then assessed the brain tissue of these mice. In standard reoxygenation treated hypoxia mice, the caspase-3-dependent neuronal apoptosis was enhanced by increasing concentration of oxygen. Interestingly, controlled reoxygenation inhibited neurons and glial cells apoptosis through suppressing cleavage of caspase-3 and PARP. We also found that controlled reoxygenation suppressed LCN2 expression and inflammatory cytokines (including TNF-α, IL-6, and CXCL10) production, in which JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway might participate. In conclusion, our findings propose a novel therapeutic potential of controlled reoxygenation on cardiopulmonary bypass during congenital heart disease.
MUNC18-1 regulates the submembrane F-actin network, independently of syntaxin1 targeting, via hydrophobicity in β-sheet 10
Authors: Pons-Vizcarra Maria , Kurps Julia , Tawfik Bassam , Sørensen Jakob B. , van Weering Jan R. T. , Verhage Matthijs
Published: November 2019

MUNC18-1 (also known as STXBP1) is an essential protein for docking and fusion of secretory vesicles. Mouse chromaffin cells (MCCs) lacking MUNC18-1 show impaired secretory vesicle docking, but also mistargeting of SNARE protein syntaxin1 and an abnormally dense submembrane F-actin network. Here, we tested the contribution of both these phenomena to docking and secretion defects in MUNC18-1-deficient MCCs. We show that an abnormal F-actin network and syntaxin1 targeting defects are not observed in Snap25- or Syt1-knockout (KO) MCCs, which are also secretion deficient. We identified a MUNC18-1 mutant (V263T in β-sheet 10) that fully restores syntaxin1 targeting but not F-actin abnormalities in Munc18-1-KO cells. MUNC18-2 and -3 (also known as STXBP2 and STXBP3, respectively), which lack the hydrophobic residue at position 263, also did not restore a normal F-actin network in Munc18-1-KO cells. However, these proteins did restore the normal F-actin network when a hydrophobic residue was introduced at the corresponding position. Munc18-1-KO MCCs expressing MUNC18-1(V263T) showed normal vesicle docking and exocytosis. These results demonstrate that MUNC18-1 regulates the F-actin network independently of syntaxin1 targeting via hydrophobicity in β-sheet 10. The abnormally dense F-actin network in Munc18-1-deficient cells is not a rate-limiting barrier in secretory vesicle docking or fusion.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Percutaneous embolization of sporadic lumbar nerve root haemangioblastoma under local anaesthesia
Authors: Leung Ho Sang , Lee Ryan Ka Lok , Law Eric Ka Chai , Mak Wai Kit , Griffith James Francis , Yu Simon Chun Ho
Published: November 2019

Pre-operative embolization of spinal tumours are mainly performed using a transarterial approach. Percutaneous embolization of spinal tumours are undertaken much less frequently, though its use has been reported in hypervascular spinal metastases 1,2 and spinal paraganglioma. 3 We present a patient in whom pre-operative percutaneous embolization has been performed to a recurrent lumbar nerve root haemangioblastoma that had previously been embolized using a transarterial approach. Percutaneous embolization, through targeted percutaneous puncture of the extradural component, helped reduce intraoperative blood loss, and minimize risk of spinal ischaemia.
Intervening along the spectrum of tuberculosis: meeting report from the World TB Day nanosymposium in the Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine at the University of Cape Town
Authors: Hadebe Sabelo , Chengalroyen Melissa , Guler Reto , Nakedi Kehilwe , Koch Anastasia , Makatsa Mohau , Shey Muki , Parihar Suraj P. , Bryson Bryan , Marakalala Mohlopheni J. , Ndlovu Hlumani
Published: November 2019

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by the highly infectious Mycobacterium tuberculosis, remains a leading cause of death worldwide, with an estimated 1.6 million associated deaths reported in 2017. In South Africa, an estimated 322,000 (range 230,000-428,000) people were infected with TB in 2017, and a quarter of them lost their lives due to the disease. Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) remains the only effective vaccine against disseminated TB, but its inability to confer complete protection against pulmonary TB in adolescents and adults calls for an urgent need to develop new and better vaccines. There is also a need to identify markers of disease protection and develop novel drugs. It is within this backdrop that we convened a nanosymposium at the Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine at the University of Cape Town to commemorate World TB Day and showcase recent findings generated by early career scientists in the institute. The speakers spoke on four broad topics: identification of novel drug targets, development of host-directed drug therapies, transmission of TB and immunology of TB/HIV co-infections.
Variation in the observed effect of Xpert MTB/RIF testing for tuberculosis on mortality: A systematic review and analysis of trial design considerations
Authors: Ochodo Eleanor A. , Kalema Nelson , Schumacher Samuel , Steingart Karen , Young Taryn , Mallett Susan , Deeks Jon , Cobelens Frank , Bossuyt Patrick M. , Nicol Mark P. , Cattamanchi Adithya
Published: November 2019

Background: Most studies evaluating the effect of Xpert MTB/RIF testing for tuberculosis (TB) concluded that it did not reduce overall mortality compared to usual care. We conducted a systematic review to assess whether key study design and execution features contributed to earlier identification of patients with TB and decreased pre-treatment loss to follow-up, thereby reducing the potential impact of Xpert MTB/RIF testing.

Methods: We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, and Scopus for literature published from 1st January 2009 to February 2019. We included all primary intervention studies that had evaluated the effect of Xpert MTB/RIF on mortality compared to usual care in participants with presumptive pulmonary TB. We critically reviewed features of included studies across: Study setting and context, Study population, Participant recruitment and enrolment, Study procedures, and Study follow-up.

Results: We included seven randomised and one non-randomised study.  All included studies demonstrated relative reductions in overall mortality in the Xpert MTB/RIF arm ranging from 6% to 40%. However, mortality reduction was reported to be statistically significant in two studies. Study features that could explain the lack of observed effect on mortality included: the higher quality of care at study sites; inclusion of patients with a higher pre-test probability of TB leading to higher than expected empirical rates; performance of additional diagnostic testing not done in usual care leading to increased TB diagnosis or empiric treatment initiation; the recruitment of participants likely to return for follow-up; and involvement of study staff in ensuring adherence with care and follow-up.

Conclusion: Most studies of Xpert MTB/RIF were designed and conducted in a manner that resulted in more patients being diagnosed and treated for TB, minimising the potential difference in mortality Xpert MTB/RIF testing could have achieved compared to usual care.
Role of a regulatory and governance framework in human biological materials and data sharing in National Biobanks: Case studies from Biobank Integrating Platform, Taiwan and the National Biorepository, Uganda
Authors: Nansumba Hellen , Ssewanyana Isaac , Tai Micheal , Wassenaar Douglas
Published: November 2019

Background: In the last decade, Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) have set up Biobanks to collect human biological materials and associated data for genomic research and public health purposes. Biobanking gives rise to ethical challenges, such as informed consent, benefit sharing, confidentiality, ownership, commercialization and public participation which are harder to navigate in LMIC settings due to disparities in research infrastructure and capacity.  This paper summarizes presentations on Biobank related case studies from two countries, with a focus on challenges in the regulatory and governance framework and suggestions on how to mitigate them.  

Methods: Two case studies of Biobanks from LMICs have been used. The case studies were presented at the 2018 Global Forum on Bioethics in Research (GFBR) meeting on the “Ethics of data sharing and Biobanking in health research”.

Results: The case studies show that an integrated, well-regulated platform for human biological materials and data ensures good quality of human biological materials, saves resources and promotes mutual collaboration of work among researchers. National regulatory bodies are required to generate Biobanking guidelines and policies to facilitate guidance to the rapidly changing landscape of science.

Discussion: In general, LMICs have weaker research regulatory infrastructure and governance mechanisms for Biobanks than high-income countries. This has increased the fear of exploitation i.e. unfair distribution of risks and benefits. Establishment of Biobanks and producing effective scientific outcomes based on the Biobanking resources is difficult without a proper legislative, regulatory and governance framework.

Conclusion: These two case studies from different LMICs settings show that although in both settings there is strong awareness of the scientific and population health value of Biobanks and strong commitment to their establishment, regulatory and ethical guidance show gaps that need to be addressed.
Educational role of the nurse in relation to sexual behavior of junior high school students
Authors: Brodowicz-Król Magdalena
Published: November 2019

Human sexuality and sexuality in modern times are widely discussed topics. There are many publications that deal with this issue. This is perhaps due to the following global. socio-cultural changes, the return of which is unknown in the long run. The transformations concern the perception of a sense of gender identity. Scholars wanting to capture this extremely rich reality in a certain framework using a variety of tools. They do this rarely bypassing contexts, in line with prevailing trends, which prevents them from looking objectively at the subject of their research. Such research germinates with information chaos that floods us all pages.Aim : The purpose of the work is the educational role of the nurse in youth attitudes towards sexual behavior.Material and Methods :The research was carried out at the turn of April and June 2014. The study involved 94 students from two schools from the Junior High School in Wólka Pełkińska, Podkarpackie Province and from G Junior High School    No. 9 in Lublin, Lubelskie Province. The diagnostic method that was used in the study was the diagnostic survey. The research tool used was the scale "Attitudes of junior high school students towards sexual behavior". It consists of 21 questions, of which eight are questions from the record. The database was created and statistical analyzes were carried out based on Statistica 9.1 computer software ( StatSoft , Poland).Rezults : The relationships that were shown in the description of the research of this work could result in pedagogical practice. Knowing what relationships prevail in the chosen topic, one could take specific pedagogical actions. Such activities would be, for example, the orientation of school curricula of knowledge subjects to family life, and more specifically topics in the field of premarital chastity as well as sex education. However, this process could not be left without control or specifically planned actions. Conclusion : Selected research tools have proved to meet the needs of the research problem posed. Thanks to the interpretation of the results obtained thanks to them, it turned out that there was a relationship that was sought in the research. It says that the attitudes of junior high school students towards sexual behavior are directly related to social conditions. The hypotheses put forward at work proved successful - the gender structure differentiates attitudes of junior high school students towards sexual behavior.
A Probability Scoring Rule for Simultaneous Events
Authors: Grant Andrew , Johnstone David , Kwon Oh Kang
Published: November 2019

We develop a scoring rule tailored to a decision maker who makes simultaneous bets on events that occur at times that require bets to be placed together. The rule proposed captures the economic benefit to a well-defined bettor who acts on one set of probabilities p against a baseline or rival set q. To allow for simultaneous bets, we assume a myopic power utility function with a risk aversion parameter tailored to suit the given user or application. Our score function is “proper” in the usual sense of motivating honesty. Apart from a special case of power utility, namely, log utility, the score is not “local,” which we excuse because a local scoring rule cannot capture the economic result that our score reflects. An interesting property of our rule is that the individual scores from individual events are multiplicative, rather than additive. Probability scores are often added to give a measure of aggregate performance over a set of trials. Our rule is unique in that scores must be multiplied to reach a meaningful aggregate.
Should known allergy status be included as a medication administration ‘right’?
Authors: Mortell Manfred
Published: November 2019

This article employs a paediatric case study, involving a 3-year-old child who had an anaphylactic reaction that occurred as a result of the multidisciplinary team's failure to identify and acknowledge the patient's documented ‘known allergy’ status. It examines and reconsiders the ongoing healthcare dilemma of medication errors and recommends that known allergy status should be considered the second medication administration ‘right’ before the prescribing, transcribing, dispensing and administration of any drug. Identifying and documenting drug allergy status is particularly important when caring for paediatric patients, because they cannot speak for themselves and must rely on their parents, guardians or health professionals as patient advocates. The literature states that medication errors can be prevented by employing a ‘rights of medication administration’ format, whether that be the familiar ‘5 rights’ or a more detailed list. However, none of these formats specify known allergy status as a distinct ‘right’. The medication safety literature is also found wanting in respect of the known allergy status of the patient. When health professionals employ a medication administration rights format prior to prescribing, transcribing, dispensing or administering a medication, the ‘known allergy status’ of the patient should be a transparent inclusion.
Sustaining the commitment to patient safety huddles: insights from eight acute hospital ward teams
Authors: Montague Jane , Crosswaite Kate , Lamming Laura , Cracknell Alison , Lovatt Alison , Mohammed Mohammed A
Published: November 2019

Background:

A recent initiative in hospital settings is the patient safety huddle (PSH): a brief multidisciplinary meeting held to highlight patient safety issues and actions to mitigate identified risks.

Aim:

The authors studied eight ward teams that had sustained PSHs for over 2 years in order to identify key contributory factors.

Methods:

Unannounced observations of the PSH on eight acute wards in one UK hospital were undertaken. Interviews and focus groups were also conducted. These were recorded and transcribed for framework analysis.

Findings:

A range of factors contributes to the sustainability of the PSH including a high degree of belief and consensus in purpose, adaptability, determination, multidisciplinary team involvement, a non-judgemental space, committed leadership and consistent reward and celebration.

Conclusion:

The huddles studied have developed and been shaped over time through a process of trial and error, and persistence. Overall this study offers insights into the factors that contribute to this sustainability.
Clostridial disease in cattle
Authors: Jerram Lucy
Published: November 2019

Clostridial disease affects cattle across the UK throughout the year but particularly in the grazing season. All clostridial disease occurs when conditions in the muscles or organs become anaerobic allowing for bacterial proliferation and toxin production. The most common pathogenic clostridium is Clostridium chauvoei which causes blackleg and has both skeletal and cardiac forms. Clostridium perfringens is the second most commonly identified clostridia with type A causing enterotoxaemia and type D causing pulpy kidney. Clostridium novyi is the third most common clostridia — type B causes black disease and type D causes bacillary haemoglobinuria. Cattle are most at risk during the grazing season meaning that control and prevention of disease should be particularly targeted at this time of year. The cost of vaccination is so low compared with the cost of losing even one animal that an appropriate protocol should be implemented on all farms.
Health planning for goats
Authors: Gascoigne Emily , Dustan Ben
Published: November 2019

There is evidence that goat numbers are increasing in the UK in both pet and commercial settings and with that a demand for health planning and veterinary surgeons who are familiar with and comfortable advising keepers. In this article we consider the main challenges for keepers of herds of all sizes including routine procedures, parasites, lameness and some of the obstacles for veterinary surgeons such as the lack of licensed medicines and limited evidence-based medicine breadth.
Virtualization of disaggregated optical networks with open data models in support of network slicing
Authors: Casellas Ramon , Giorgetti Alessio , Morro Roberto , Martinez Ricardo , Vilalta Ricard , Muñoz Raul
Published: November 2019

Network slicing has been a major selling point of 5G networks, where a slice is roughly defined as a self-contained logical network on top of a shared infrastructure tailored for a specific service or vertical industry, composed of heterogeneous resources (computing, storage, bandwidths) and typically involving specific application and/or networking functions. The relationship between the network slicing and the underlying network virtualization is an open research topic, allowing multiple deployment models. In particular, a specific model of interest involves the virtualization of the optical infrastructure, where optical virtual networks are instantiated in support of network slicing, so the virtual network underlies and provides connectivity to component functions of a network slice. In this paper, we propose and implement a network virtualization architecture for open optical (partially) disaggregated networks, based on the concept of a device hypervisor relying on OpenROADM data models, in support of 5G network slicing over interconnected network function virtualization infrastructure points of presence (NFVI-PoPs). The architecture is experimentally validated, showing the provisioning of ITU-T flexigrid network media channels across a virtualized network.
Musicals and the envoicing of mental illness and madness: From Lady in the Dark to Man of La Mancha (and beyond)
Authors: Knapp Raymond , Knapp Zelda
Published: November 2019

Because musicals routinely position musical expression as an enabling form of madness, they can have a difficult time when they try to consider mental illness in thoughtful ways. This essay considers four prominent musicals that deal overtly with mental illness and/or madness to delineate these difficulties and show how musicals try to surmount them. The relatively few musical numbers in Lady in the Dark (1941) allow its protagonist Liza Elliott to both confront her mental block and give voice to her emancipation. In Anyone Can Whistle (1964), Hapgood's ambiguous mental status allows him to swing from absurdities to rebellion to the touchingly human, each phase differently opposing the insanities of the world. Quixote, in Man of La Mancha (1965), defies reality in favour of impossible dreams. And the songs of next to normal (2008) provide a panoply of escapes from the painful realities of the dysfunctional Goodman family, none of whom quite finds a way to a desired 'normal'. As these shows exemplify, mentally unstable women and men generally have different options in musicals: women (at least, Liza and Diana Goodman) are obliged to chart paths to mental wholeness, with decidedly mixed results, whereas men (at least, Hapgood and Quixote) are allowed to indulge their flights from reality as forms of romanticized idealism, becoming heroes and liberators in the process. Next to normal exemplifies a renewed determination to take mental illness seriously in musicals, further advanced in the four-season television series Crazy Ex-Girlfriend.
The moaning of (un-)life: Animacy, muteness and eugenics in cinematic and televisual representation
Authors: Deaville James
Published: November 2019

This article analyses the eugenicist imperative governing speaking and non-speaking characters in western televisual representations, including films such as The Bride of Frankenstein (1935) and The Shape of Water (2017), and in the trope of the zombie. Typically, sublinguistic sounds are either assigned to human characters with supposed intellectual disabilities, or to reanimated, subhuman characters such as monsters and zombies. In both cases, characters denied speech are subject to isolation, sterilization or death, thus mirroring the status of voice in western constructions of humanness as it informs eugenicist discourse on disability.
Singing tone: Disability and pianistic voices
Authors: Honisch Stefan Sunandan
Published: November 2019

Humans experience multiple forms of vocality not only through encounters with each other but also with other animals (e.g. the crying wolf), and in moving through natural environments (e.g. the howling wind). Music likewise affords varied opportunities to experience and express ourselves as vocalizing beings, giving rise to complex relationships between speaking, singing and playing musical instruments. This piece considers the built-in percussiveness of the piano against the aesthetic prestige of lyricism – that is, 'songfulness' – as it encodes ableist choreographies on the part of the pianist. Disabled performers whose embodied relationships to their instrument transgress the corporeal biases of piano performance and pedagogy thus defy the aesthetic limits of normative lyricism: by foregrounding interstitial gesture, and multi-sensory expression, they envoice a new aesthetic that I call 'disabled songfulness'. Their pianistic voices, I argue, reach beyond stage and studio, refusing containment within the sensory hierarchies out of which music is often made.
Koordinazio-polimero luminiszenteak: gailu argitsuen etorkizuna
Authors: Pajuelo Corral Oier , Seco Jose Manuel , Cepeda Javier
Published: November 2019

Koordinazio-polimero luminiszenteak aurreko mendetik ezagutzen diren arren, izugarrizko hazkundea izan dute aurreko hamarkadatik gaur egun arte, erakusten duten argi-igorpen gaitasun paregabeei esker. Material horiekin, gailu argitsuen arloan belaunaldi berri bat garatzen hasi da, bereziki sentsore gisa edo faltsifikazio-sistemetan erabiltzeko. Material hauen aplikazio gehienek intentsitate handiko igorpenak edota igorpen iraunkorrak izatera behartzen dute. Zentzu horretan, koordinazio-polimeroak aukera egokiak dira, beren izaera metal-organikoa dela eta; haien egitura kristalinoa nahi diren propietate fotoluminiszenteak erakusteko diseina daitezke, horrela eginkizun zehatz batera bideratzeko. Azpimarratzekoa da azken urteotan ikusi egin dela koordinazio-polimeroek iraupen luzeko argi-igorpenak emateko gaitasuna daukatela. Lan honen helburu nagusia da koordinazio-polimero luminiszenteak eta, bereziki, argi-igorpen fosforeszenteak sortzen dituztenak nola eraiki eta haietan gertatzen diren fenomenoak azaltzea.
Ikerketa metabolomikoak haurretan gertatzen den giltzurrun gutxiegitasun kronikoaren diagnostikorako biomarkatzaile berrien identifikazioan
Authors: Benito Sandra , Unceta Nora , Sánchez-Ortega Alicia , Gómez-Caballero Alberto , Goicolea M. Aránzazu , Barrio Ramón J.
Published: November 2019

Giltzurrun gutxiegitasun kronikoaren (GGK) ebaluazioa egiten da iragazpen glomerularraren tasaren (IGT) bidez, eta kalkulatzen da serumeko kreatininaren kontzentrazioan oinarritutako ekuazioen bidez. Hala ere, serumeko kreatinina kontzentrazioa hainbat faktoreren arabera alda daiteke, eta horrek GGKaren diagnostikoa arriskuan jar dezake, bereziki gaixotasunaren fase goiztiarrenetan. Haurretan GGKak, arazo metaboliko eta kardiobaskularrez gain, garapen-arazoak eta malnutrizioa eragiten ditu. Haur osasuntsuekin alderatuta, zailtasun horiek 30 aldiz handitzen dute heriotza-tasa GGkaren fase aurreratuenetan dauden haurretan. oro har, gaixotasun jakin baterako biomarkatzaileen presentziak diagnostiko goiztiarragoa eta erantzun hobea ahalbidetzen dute. Hori dela eta, GGK pairatzen duten helduetan ikerketa integrala egin da biomarkatzaile berriak topatzeko, baina populazio pediatrikoan ikerlanak oraindik oso mugatuak dira, eta biomarkatzaile berrien beharra dago. Helburu horrekin, haur osasuntsuen eta GGK pairatzen duten haur gaixoen arteko profil metabolikoen konparazioa egin da, metabolomika bideratu zein ez-bideratuak aplikatuz. Ikerketaren ondorioz, GGK pediatrikoaren detekzio goiztiarrean erabilgarri izan daitezkeen zazpi metabolito berri aurkitu dira, kreatinina biomarkatzaile klasikoarekin batera. Metabolito horiek, kreatininarekin batera erabiliz, kreatinina soilaren erabilerarekin ez bezala, haur gaixoak eta osasuntsuak bereiztea ahalbidetzen dute.
"20.000 legoako bidaia itsaspetik" obraren 150. urteurrenean
Authors: Zaldibar Aranburu Beñat
Published: November 2019

1869 eta 1870. urteen bitartean Jules Vernek bere obra nagusietako bat plazaratu zuen; «20.000 legoako bidaia itsaspetik» hain zuzen. Nobela hau Vernek seguruenik momentura arte sortu zuen nobelarik handiena da. Lan erraldoi horretan, Nautilus urpeko ontzi mitikoari esker itsasoetako sekretuak azaleratzen zaizkigu bidaia entretenigarri bezain hezitzaile batean, gaztetxoei (eta ez horren gaztetxoei) itsasoaren ikerketari buruzko sarbide paregabea eskainiz. Artikulu honetan, nobelaren eta haren autorearen inguruko zenbait gogoeta azaltzen dira; autoreak erakusten duen jakintza zientifiko eta koherentzia handia (baina inperfektua) eta Vernek geroago etorriko diren autoreengan duen eraginari buruzko hausnarketa txiki bat ere azaltzen da. Izan ere, ez dira egunero 150 urte betetzen, eta nobelaren garrantziak eta eraginak merezi du esfortzu txiki hau burutzea.
Uraren azidotasunari buruzko ikerketa Bizkaiko hiru estuarioetan: Urdaibai, Plentzia eta Nerbioi-Ibaizabal
Authors: Kortazar Leire , Fernández Luis Angel
Published: November 2019

Lurraren % 70 estaltzen dutelarik, ozeanoek zeresan handia dute planetaren prozesu gehienetan. Azken 200 urteetan CO2-aren emisioak gorakada handia izan du gizakien jarduera dela eta. Horren ondorioz, atmosferako CO2-aren kontzentrazioa 280 ppm-tik 415 ppm ingurura igo da garai aurreindustrialetik gaur egunera bitartean. Zenbait ikerketaren arabera, 2100. urterako kontzentrazioak 936 ppm-ko mailara irits daitezke, isuriek orain arte bezala jarraituz gero. CO2-aren hazkundeak bi efektu nagusi ditu: alde batetik, tenperatura globalaren igoera, hau da, berotegi efektuaren areagotzea; eta bestetik, ozeanoen azidotasuna. Ozeanoek CO2-a absorbatzen dute, eta, ondorioz, atmosferan dagoen kontzentrazioa murrizten da, baina horrek uraren pH-a jaitsiarazten du. Itsasoko uraz gain, bereziak diren hainbat gune ikertzearen beharra ere agertu da, hala nola estuarioak. CO2-aren hazkundeak ur-sistema horietan izan dituen efektuak ez dira gehiegi aztertu, eta oso garrantzitsuak dira, zeren eta animalia- eta landare-espezie askoren bizileku baitira. Azidotasuna aztertzeko, lau parametro erabiltzen dira: alkalinitate totala, disolbatutako karbono ezorganikoa, pH-a eta iheskortasuna. Haien arteko erlazio termodinamikoa dela eta, esperimentalki soilik bi neurtu behar dira beste biak kalkulatu ahal izateko. Lan honetan, alkalinitate totala eta disolbatutako karbono ezorganikoa neurtu dira. Lau parametro horien azterketa egin da Bizkaiko hiru estuariotan: Urdaibai, Plentzia eta Nerbioi-Ibaizabal. Laginketak hiru urtez egin ziren, urtaro guztietan, estuarioen arteko berdintasunak eta ezberdintasunak ikusi nahian, bai eta denborarekiko erlazioak aztertu nahian ere.
Pacifismo, antimilitarismo y libertad de expresión en Madrid (1984-1990): Radio Cero, la radio anti-OTAN
Authors: Pérez Martínez José Emilio
Published: November 2019

Durante la década de 1980 la lucha contra la OTAN fue una de las principales movilizaciones sociales en España. A partir de la victoria electoral del PSOE en 1982, la intensidad de la lucha creció, sumando a nuevos actores. Entre ellos estaban la Comisión Anti-OTAN y Radio Cero, una radio libre. A esta última, y a como se relacionaron en su praxis la lucha antimilitarista y por la libertad de expresión, le dedicaremos estas páginas viendo su desarrollo, cómo implementó esas luchas y cómo se convirtió en un medio de proyección ideológica que puso estas movilizaciones en la esfera pública.PALABRAS CLAVE: Radio, movimientos sociales, comunicación social, libertad de expresión.
Jalur Trotoar Responsif Penyandang Low Vision: Studi Kasus Pasar Baru Bandung
Authors: Octaviana Sally
Published: November 2019

Sidewalks are public facilities and must be accessible to all users. This study departs from the lack of quality of public open space in Bandung and the absence of a sidewalk model that is responsive to people with low vision. The purpose of this research is to find out the design principles and to make responsive pavement design models of people with low vision. Data was collected by interviewing and observing the behavior and travel of people with low vision on some familiar and unfamiliar sidewalks in the city of Bandung. Data analysis was carried out from recorded interviews to find out the obstacles faced by people with low vision when exploring sidewalk space. This research produces criteria and models of pavement design that are responsive to persons with a low vision based on their limitations. The results of the study are expected to contribute to the concept of pavement design so that people with low vision can have equal and independent rights in accessing public space[Trotoar adalah fasilitas publik dan harus aksesibel bagi semua penggunanya. Penelitian ini berangkat dari kurangnya kualitas ruang terbuka publik di Bandung dan belum adanya model trotoar yang responsif terhadap penyandang low vision. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui prinsip-prinsip perancangan dan membuat model perancangan trotoar responsif penyandang low vision. Data dikumpulkan dengan wawancara dan observasi terhadap perilaku dan perjalanan penyandang low vision di beberapa trotoar yang familier dan tidak familier di Kota Bandung. Analisis data dilakukan dari rekaman hasil wawancara untuk mengetahui hambatan yang dihadapi penyandang low vision ketika menjelajah ruang trotoar. Penelitian ini menghasilkan kriteria dan model perancangan trotoar yang responsif penyandang low vision berdasarkan keterbatasan yang dimiliki oleh mereka. Hasil penelitian diharapkan berkontribusi dalam konsep perancangan trotoar agar penyandang low vision dapat memiliki hak setara dan mandiri dalam mengakses ruang publik.]
GEOMETRIC MEANING OF LEAST SQUARES METHOD
Authors: Konopatskiy Ye. V.
Published: November 2019

The geometric interpretation of the least squares method is presents. At the same time, one of its possible generalizations to multidimensional space is proposed. This approach makes it possible to expand the capabilities one of the key methods of multidimensional approximation and effectively use it for geometric modeling of multifactor processes and phenomena. The analytical description of the proposed method is performed using point equations. The geometric interpretation of the generalized least squares method, which consists in determining the linear surface of the minimum width between two hypersurfaces in the hyperspace of the General position, extends the tools of geometric modeling objects in multidimensional space and can be effectively used for geometric modeling of multifactor processes and phenomena’s, by presenting them in the form of geometric multiparameter objects passing through predetermined points. In this case, the approximation process is reduced to determining the coordinates of the nodal points of the geometric object of multidimensional space that satisfy the condition of minimizing the sum of the lengths of the segments between the nodal points and the given ones. Also, using the proposed approach, the generalization of the coefficient of determination on the multidimensional space as a tool for assessing the accuracy of the results of multidimensional approximation is performed. An example of using the proposed generalization for the geometric modeling of a three-parameter hypersurface of the response belonging to a four-dimensional space in relation to the determination of strength characteristics over the entire volume of a concrete column is given.
Профессиональные стратегии российской молодежи в условиях цифровизации и их репрезентация в социальных медиа: результаты комплексного прикладного анализа
Authors: Домбровская Анна Юрьевна , Пырма Роман Васильевич , Батанина Ирина Александровна
Published: November 2019

Исследовательская проблема заключалась в выявлении специфики коммуникации российской молодежи в социальных медиа на тему профессионального выбора и профессиональной адаптации, а также трудоустройства в период получения высшего образования. Дизайн исследования предполагал использование специальных методов на трех уровнях эмпирического анализа: на макроуровне применены методы киберметрического анализа (мониторинг аккаунтов новых медиа с использованием системы анализа социальных медиа «Крибрум», а также киберметрия в формате автоматизированного анализа поисковых запросов в рунет, отражающих интерес молодежи к выбору специальности, поиску работу и профессиональной адаптации); на мезоуровне использовано когнитивное картирование наиболее влиятельных онлайн-сообществ, релевантных теме исследования и имеющих в числе участников все типы онлайн-сетевых субъектов, создающих контент о профессионализации российской молодежи; на микроуровне осуществлен дискурс-анализ наиболее содержательных сообщений, отражающих контексты формирования профессиональной культуры молодежи. В ходе прикладного анализа установлены основные акторы онлайн-сетевой коммуникации, посвященной профессиональному выбору и трудоустройству молодежи: «индивидуальные пользователи — потребители и создатели контента о выборе места работы», «потенциальные работодатели», «общественные организации», «блогеры», «рекламщики», «представители инфобизнеса.
Идентификация релевантных исследованию цифровых потоков по типам секторов показала доминирование коммерческого сектора в создании сообщений о трудоустройстве и профессиональном самоопределении молодежи, а также отсутствие влиятельных онлайн-сообществ, созданных государственными структурами. Авторы пришли к выводу, что среди российской молодежи доминирует прагматичный подход к месту работы или подработки, выполняемый труд обладает относительно небольшой субъективной значимостью, преобладает установка на гипермобильность (готовность поменять работу или место жизни ради выгодного трудового предложения); работа воспринимается как источник жизненных рисков и негативных переживаний. Также в онлайн-сетевой коммуникации молодых россиян популярна установка на поиск мест работы, не требующих специальной квалификации и опыта. Сопоставление данных авторского анализа с официальными статистическими данными о показателях занятости и незанятости россиян позволило выявить взаимосвязи между интересом молодежи к онлайн-сетевому поиску работы по специальности и относительно высоким уровнем безработицы в регионе (городе), а также между уровнем безработицы и репрезентированной в социальных медиа установкой молодежи найти работу по специальности.
Благодарность. Статья подготовлена по результатам исследований, выполненных за счет бюджетных средств по государственному заданию Финуниверситету.
Повестка протестных онлайн-сообществ Санкт-Петербурга во «ВКонтакте»
Authors: Платонов Константин Аркадьевич , Юдина Дарья Игоревна
Published: November 2019

Статья посвящена онлайн-сообществам, представляющим активные протестные движения Санкт-Петербурга в социальной сети «ВКонтакте». Современные российские протестные движения активно используют ресурсы социальных сетей для координации и агитации. Период с начала 2010-х годов отметился бумом активности протестных сообществ в интернет-пространстве, что проявилось во множестве кейсов, начиная с событий на Болотной площади и заканчивая митингами 2018-2019 гг. против пенсионной реформы.
Контент онлайн-сообществ остается важным и недооцененным ресурсом осмысления публикационных стратегий. Он содержит большое количество информации о ключевых темах, акторах, требованиях и символах движений, а также применяемых форматах цифрового активизма, таких как использование электронных петиций или флешмобов. Целью исследования является описание повестки протестных онлайн-групп на основе ключевых характеристик протестных движений, проявляющихся в публикуемом контенте.
Для исследования были отобраны посты семи наиболее активных сообществ, представляющих различные движения: «Комитет защиты Петербурга», «Движение “Весна”», «Защитим Исаакиевский Собор», «Нет живодерству в России. СПб.», «Сохраним Пулковскую Обсерваторию», «Санкт-Петербургское отделение ЛКСМ», «Команда Навального | Санкт-Петербург» — за 2017-2018 гг. Описаны структура и основные характеристики контента для каждой площадки. Проанализированы основные сходства и различия протестных онлайн-сообществ.
Благодарность. Авторы выражают благодарность коллективу Центра социологических и интернет-исследований Санкт-Петербургского государственного университета. Исследование выполнено при поддержке РФФИ, грант 18-011-00477 «Cоциологический анализ протестного потенциала российской студенческой молодежи».