bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Post-Disaster Debris Clearance Problem Under Incomplete Information
Authors: Çelik Melih , Ergun Özlem , Keskinocak Pınar
Published: February 2015

Debris management is one of the most time consuming and complicated activities among post-disaster operations. Debris clearance is aimed at pushing the debris to the sides of the roads so that relief distribution and search-and-rescue operations can be maintained in a timely manner. Given the limited resources, uncertainty, and urgency during disaster response, efficient and effective planning of debris clearance to achieve connectivity between relief demand and supply is important. In this paper, we define the stochastic debris clearance problem (SDCP), which captures post-disaster situations where the limited information on the debris amounts along the roads is updated as clearance activities proceed. The main decision in SDCP is to determine a sequence of roads to clear in each period such that benefit accrued by satisfying relief demand is maximized. To solve SDCP to optimality, we develop a partially observable Markov decision process model. We then propose a heuristic based on a continuous-time approximation, and we further reduce the computational burden by applying a limited look ahead on the search tree and heuristic pruning. The performance of these approaches is tested on randomly generated instances that reflect various geographical and information settings, and instances based on a real-world earthquake scenario. The results of these experiments underline the importance of applying a stochastic approach and indicate significant improvements over heuristics that mimic the current practice for debris clearance.
A Study of Chainsaw Kickback
Authors: Arnold D. , Parmigiani J. P.
Published: February 2015

Chainsaw kickback is a serious safety concern for both experienced and novice operators. A key to developing improved kickback control systems is a better understanding of saw motion during kickback and the development of improved methods for distinguishing kickback from normal saw operation. In this study, accelerometers and gyroscopes were mounted to a battery-powered electric chainsaw and to a midsize, gasoline-powered chainsaw, and data were collected during normal cutting and kickbacks. These sensors measured accelerations along the guide bar and perpendicular to the bar as well as rotational velocities toward the operator's torso. Results from the battery-powered saw showed that accelerations during normal cutting and kickbacks had peak magnitudes of from ~2 to ~6 g and from ~6 to ~8 g, respectively, and that rotational velocities typically reached over 600°/s during a kickback. Analysis of these results showed that the gyroscope alone, using a threshold value of 300°/s, was effective in distinguishing normal cutting from kickback. Results from the gasoline-powered saw showed the same general trends as those with the battery-powered saw; however, the rotational velocities during a kickback were greater, typically exceeding 1,000°/s. Through the use of machine learning techniques, a more effective method than a simple threshold for distinguishing kickback from normal saw operation was developed. Using this method, kickback was determined very reliably and often when the deviations from the rotational velocities corresponding to normal cutting were small. Implementation of these findings could lead to improved kickback control systems on chainsaws.
The Thing in a Jar: Mushrooms and Ontological Speculations in Post-Yugoslavia
Authors: Jasarevic Larisa
Published: February 2015

This essay thinks with things that ferment medical remedies in recycled jars and issue exuberant surpluses across kitchens in Bosnia and ex-Yugoslavia. While the jars are handled under the preferred sign of the mushroom and brewing recipes include instructions on non-commercial exchange, the nature of the things in the jar remains vague. Brewing in the kitchens and circling as gifts are buoyant life-forms that alter their hosts, inspire zones of unexpected connection and relational innovation, and direct home trials and ontological speculations around some burning, practical questions: How best to relate to the mushroom? With whom should one relate via the mushroom, and how? The texts explores the fungal materialities and pluripotencies with an ear for popular experiments, teasing out the banal as well as charmed interplay between imagination and association, knowledge and experience. I join the conversation on new materialisms and step into spaces of being and relating across formal differences, but do so in the idiom of kitchen fermentations rather than multispecies or multiethnic relations to attend to the kinds of things that act and inspire wonder outside ready-made rubrics and analytics.
Totalitarian Tears: Does the Crowd Really Mean It?
Authors: Mazzarella William
Published: February 2015

In this essay I explore the reaction, in Western media commentary, to the announcement of North Korean premier Kim Jong-il’s death in December 2011. I focus in particular on responses to the widely circulated images of crowds crying on the streets of Pyongyang. These responses obsessively returned to a single question: Do they really mean it? I do not attempt to answer this question. Rather, by considering a series of subsidiary questions that clustered around it (Can these tears be real? Are these people insane? Why are they such good/such bad actors? Is mass crying something that Asians are particularly likely to engage in?), I ask in turn why the sincerity of the North Korean crying crowds came to seem at once so necessary and so impossible to Western observers. I argue that the obsessive return to the question about whether they really meant it expressed a deep liberal anxiety—not, as one might suppose, an anxiety that North Korean totalitarianism would continue indefinitely, but a much more profound worry that it would come to a sudden end.
From Anthropologist to Actant (and back to Anthropology): Position, Impasse, and Observation in Sociotechnical Collaboration
Authors: Stavrianakis Anthony
Published: February 2015

Anthropologists are increasingly invited to participate in collaborations with natural scientists, among other experts, in their capacity as anthropologists. Such invitations give pause for thought about the character of the positions and practices that an anthropologist can occupy and perform. This article draws on participant observation in the Socio-Technical Integration Research (STIR) project, an endeavor based at Arizona State University, which aimed to modulate scientific practice. I observe and analyze the disquiet of participating social scientists by questioning the epistemic, ethical, and affective parameters of such modulation, in which social scientists were ultimately positioned and framed as actants—and not engaged as thinking subjects—for the reflexivity of natural scientists toward natural scientific work. I describe how such a method for increasing and extending the scope of scientific reflexivity was ultimately bound to the dominant instrumental norms and values of contemporary technoscience. The article suggests that reflection on problems of collaboration through questions of position and mode of engagement opens the scope and parameters for contemporary anthropological inquiry into anthropological collaborations within domains of science and technology.
Culture, curriculum design, syllabus and course development in the light of BELF
Authors: Pullin Patricia
Published: February 2015

Research into the use of BELF, notably through the analysis of authentic data from business contexts, has shown that BELF communication is intrinsically intercultural, with BELF being used in a wide range of settings and with diverse constellations of interlocutors. Yet, whilst business English teaching materials take a range of approaches to culture, they often fail to address the complexity of intercultural communication or integrate it sufficiently in the overall curriculum. In this paper, findings from BELF research on oral interaction in the workplace are considered from the point of view of pragmatics and in relation to the interface between culture and language. It is proposed that by adopting a research-based approach to curriculum design, syllabus and course development, which addresses not only intercultural communication within the overall concept of communicative competence, but also learning theory and teaching methodology, awareness of intercultural aspects of communication can both be raised in a more systematic manner and also applied in the classroom. This should help those entering the jobs' market to better meet the needs of today's employers and globalised markets. Finally, practical suggestions are given for possible approaches to the teaching of intercultural communication within the context of business English training and, above all, in the light of BELF research findings. The need for change in teacher education is also considered.
Negotiation as the way of engagement in intercultural and lingua franca communication: frames of reference and Interculturality
Authors: Hua Zhu
Published: February 2015

The paper argues that Negotiation (capitalised to differentiate from negotiation as an activity type such as business negotiation) is the most important means of engagement in intercultural and lingua franca communication. In intercultural and lingua franca communication, thus also in English as a lingua franca (ELF), variability, heterogeneity, and uncertainty are the norm, and therefore, the need to negotiate frames of reference and cultural identity is greater than in other types of communication. By providing a Negotiation approach for intercultural and lingua franca communication, we are able to focus on individuals taking part in interactions along with their agency rather than cultural groups, the here-and-now nature of interactions rather than assumed or predicted course of actions, the resources individuals bring with them rather than problems, and the process rather than the outcome.
English in multinational companies: implications for teaching “English” at an international business school
Authors: Kankaanranta Anne , Louhiala-Salminen Leena , Karhunen Päivi
Published: February 2015

In recent years, the use of English has become everyday practice in multinational companies (MNCs), and it has been investigated in three disciplines: applied linguistics, international management, and corporate communication, all of which can be housed in international business schools. While reviewing research in these disciplines, we ask the question: how does the research inform the teaching of “English”? By taking an example of an international business school located in a small non-English-speaking country, we present the educational environment and the needs of future business graduates before moving on to demonstrating a continuum of English as a shared language constructed on the basis of the disciplines. The continuum extending from “official English” to “working language” BELF (English as Business Lingua Franca) illustrates different uses that English as a shared language meets in the MNC environment and in the students' future work contexts. On the basis of this discussion, we conclude our paper by presenting the implications of the different conceptualizations of English for the teaching of “English” at an international business school.
Evidence for Different Ferromagnetic Phases in Amorphous Fe40Ni40B20 Detected by EPR
Authors: Gerling R.
Published: February 2015

Amorphous ferromagnetic Fe40Ni40B20 (Tc = 662 K) has been investigated by EPR in the temperature range from 110 to 510 K. From the temperature dependence of the magnetic field at resonance, the saturation magnetization could be evaluated. Around 470 K the line width of the resonance signal exhibits a pronounced minimum, and the EPR-intensity deviates at this temperature from pure ferromagnetic behaviour. Both effects can be explained by assuming the presence of a second ferromagnetic phase with a Curie temperature of Tc′=470 K. Upon annealing of Fe40Ni40B20 at temperatures slightly higher than Tc′ changes in physical properties, such as Curie temperature, density and relative strain at fracture are observable. It is proposed that the onset of the low temperature relaxation which is responsible for these changes in physical properties is related to the transition of the second ferromagnetic phase to the paramagnetic state.
Complex Formation in an Aqueous ZnBr2 Solution Based on Electron Diffraction, X-ray Scattering and Raman Spectra
Authors: Kálmán E. , Serke I. , Pálinkás G. , Johansson G. , Kabisch G. , Maeda M. , Ohtaki H.
Published: February 2015

Electron and X-ray scattering as well as Raman spectra of as aqueous solution of ZnBr2 with a Br-/Zn++ ratio of 3:1 have been studied. The existence of hexaaquo, di-, tri-and tetra-bromo complexes in solution has been established by all three methods. Octahedral hexaaquo and tetrahedral Zn(H2O)4-n Brn complexes with n=2, 3, 4 are consistent with electron and X-ray structure functions. The inner sphere type complexes have interatomic distances of 2.2 Å for Zn++ -H2O, 2.4 Å for Zn++ -Br-, 3.93 Å for Br--Br- and 2.91 Å for W-W interactions with average numbers of contacts 2.4, 2.22, 1.33 and 1.1 respectively.
Characteristic Method Applied to Blast Waves in a Dusty Gas
Authors: Higashino Fumio
Published: February 2015

The unsteady propagation of shock waves in a dusty gas is investigated theoretically. The characteristic equations are obtained without neglecting the effect of the partial pressure of the particles. Numerical computations were carried out by Hartree's technique. As examples, the flow in a shock tube and in a blast wave is examined by applying a generalized piston problem. The results show that the existence of suspended particles may cause a rapid decay of the shock strength and that the flow field is devided into several regimes which are characterized by the shock position and the relaxation times.
Near Infrared Absorption of Pure n-Heptane between 5000 cm 1 and 6500 cm-1 to High Pressures and Temperatures
Authors: Buback M. , Harfoush A. A.
Published: February 2015

The near infrared absorption of pure n-heptane between 5000 cm-1 and 6500 cm-1 was measured up to 250 °C and to pressures of 2000 bar. The procedure for measuring vibrational intensities at high pressures and temperatures with a precision of better than ± 1% is described. The integrated “molar absorptivity of the combination mode va + vs of the methylene stretching fundamentals turns out to be independent of temperature and density. This offers important applications for high-pressure high-temperature thermodynamic and kinetic studies via quanti­tative near infrared spectroscopy.
Magnetocrystalline Anisotropy of 3d6 and 3d4 Ions at Triclinic. Symmetry Sites Application to Fe2+ Ions in YIG: Me4+ (Me = Si, Ge)
Authors: Rudowicz Czesław
Published: February 2015

The earlier suggested energy-level model based on an orbital singlet ground state for 3d6 and 3d4 ions at trigonal sites with large triclinic distortion is adopted to develop the single-ion theory of magnetic anisotropy. The Hamiltonian consisting of eight spin Hamiltonian terms and the molecular field is solved by perturbation theory. The resulting energies EMs with MS = 0, ± 1, ± 2 are applied to calculate the free energy for Fe2+ ions in Si- or Ge-substituted yttrium iron garnets where a uniform distribution of Fe2+ ions over the 12 inequivalent sites is assumed. It turns out that the first two cubic anisotropy constants K1, and K2 are insufficient to describe the anisotropy at high temperatures in the present model. By a least-squares method it is established that the anisotropy expansion series can be terminated at the fourth-order term for the present model. Thus K1, K2, K3 and K4 are derived analytically in terms of the free energy for some choosen directions of magnetization. The analytical results agree very well with the correspond­ing ones obtained by the least-squares method. The temperature dependence of Ki, i = 1. 2, 3, and 4, is calculated for a wide range of the spin Hamiltonian parameters (Bq
(k)) and the molecular field (h). The theoretical K1, and K2 are fitted to the experimental values of K1, and K2 at low temperatures obtained by neglecting the higher-order anisotropy terms, to get the values of Bq
(h) and for YIG:Si and YIG:Ge. A comparison of the present results with The corresponding ones of the previous doublet model, is also discussed. The theoretical account of the experimentally observed temperature dependence of the ratio K2/K1 for Fe2+ in YIG:Ge speak in favour of the present model rather than the doublet model. The change in sign of K1 observed for Fe2+ in YIG:Si, which could not be explained by the doublet model with uniform distribu­tion of Fe2+ ions, is well accounted for by the present model. The recently observed spin reorientation in YIG:Si can also be explained by the present model without resorting to a nonuniform distribution of Fe2+ ions required by the previous model. This study indicates that the higher-order constants K3 and K4 are significant at high temperatures according to the present model, whereas at low temperatures according to the doublet model. Hence an experimental determination of K3 and K4 over a wide temperature range may provide a test of the applicability of the two models.
Magnetically Induced Plasma Rotation and Nuclear Fusion
Authors: Witalis E. A.
Published: February 2015

Introductory views are presented on the physically different but remarkably good fusion reaction performance of the dense plasma focus compared to the mainline magnetic fusion research assemblies. Reference is given to our attempt in explaining a reputed fundamental but not understood phenomenon in the focus plasma by an ion acceleration mechanism of basically the betatron type. Paradoxically, this magnetically induced plasma rotation is both contained in and denied by standard plasma equations, briefly derived and discussed with respect to validity. The neglect of the Hall term in the usual "Ideal MHD Equations" is shown to be in error with regard to current magnetic fusion research plasmas. Magnetically induced plasma rotation is derived from the ion fluid motion equation, from basic MHD fluid equations and by an analysis of the electro-magnetic torque distribution. General validity is proved by invoking usually overlooked consequences of the noncentral character of the forces sustaining quasi-neutrality. Arguments are given in favor of new approaches to magnetic fusion
The Influence of Water Addition on Solutions of FeCIi in Isopropanol
Authors: Rodriguez F. , Moreno M. , Fayet J. C. , Varret F.
Published: February 2015

By means of Optical Absorption, EPR and Mössbauer techniques it is demonstrated that the addition of small amounts of water to solutions of FeCl3 in isopropanol enhances the concentration of [FeCl4]- complexes, this addition leading also to the formation of ferric dimers involving two Fe3+-OH- bridges. An explanation of this fact based on the disproportionation of FeCl3 and water hydrolysis is reported
Effect of Phase Choices in Rovibrational Wavefunctions on the Labeling of K-and l-Type Doubling in Molecular Energy Levels
Authors: Yamada Koichi
Published: February 2015

The change in phase factor of the wavefunction does not affect the absolute value of the matrix element, but does change the phase factor of the off-diagonal matrix element. This phase dependence causes a serious confusion in the sign of some parameters in the molecular Hamiltonian, which appear only in the off-diagonal matrix element; for example, the sign of the l-type doubling constant q of a linear or a symmetric-top molecule. In the present paper, the energy eigenvalues, symmetry species, and labeling of the eigenfunctions are discussed for the K-type doubling of asymmetric-top molecules and for the l-type doubling of linear or symmetric-top molecules in relation to the choices of phases in the basis wavefunctions.
The Pauli Principle for Two Particles in a Dequantization Scheme Based on Coherent States
Authors: Boll B.
Published: February 2015

The expectation values of operators in state space between symmetrized or antisymmetrized coherent states associated with the Weyl group are introduced as classical functions. The dequantization scheme provided by these functions yields an interpretation of permutational symmetry for classical trajectories. The two-nucleon system is treated as an example.
Discussion of the Two-Fermion Sector in a Unified Nonlinear Spinor Field Model with Indefinite Metric I
Authors: Stumpf H.
Published: February 2015

In unified field models all observable (elementary and non-elementary) particles are assumed to be bound states of elementary unobservable fermion fields. Such models are formulated by self-regularizing higher order nonlinear spinor field equations with indefinite metric. The latter needs a careful investigation of the corresponding state space, in particular with respect to bound states. Based on preceding papers the general analysis of the state space is further developed in the framework of a relativistic energy representation in Part I. In Part II this formalism is applied to bound states of the two-fermion sector for a simple model. By direct calculation it turns out that for very heavy masses of the constituent fields bound states with positive norm and small masses are possible, i.e., that the two-fermion sector allows a meaningful physical interpretation.
Structure of Mn-Si-Melts by Means of X-Ray Diffraction
Authors: Nassif E. , Lamparter P. , Sedelmeyer B. , Steeb S.
Published: February 2015

The binary molten alloys Mn74Si26 and Mn33.5Si66.5 have been investigated by means of X-ray diffraction. The total structure factors as well as the total pair correlation functions were evaluated. The interatomic distances and total coordination numbers are given. The structural results for Mn74Si26 were compared to those for amorphous Mn74Si23P3 and for a tetrahedral packing model. A pronounced shoulder on the second maximum of the structure factor, which normally is characteristic for the curves obtained with amorphous substances was observed for the Mn74Si26 melt. With the Mn33.5Si66.5 melt, however, this feature cold not be observed. Since with this concentration no glass forming by melt spinning is possible, a correlation between the shape of the second maximum of a total structure factor and the glass forming ability of the corresponding melt is suggested.
Fluorescence Anisotropy and Decay Times of Pyrene and Pyrene Excimer in Cellulose Acetate Films at Various Temperatures
Authors: Kawski A. , Weyna I. , Kojro Z. , Kubicki A.
Published: February 2015

Investigations of fluorescence anisotropy and mean lifetime of pyrene and pyrene excimer in cellulose acetate films have shown that this environment can not be considered as a strictly rigid solution, being rather a medium consisting of empty spaces where small pyrene molecules have considerable freedom. It has been concluded that the mechanism of the excimer formation is the same as that in liquid solvents.
Microscopic Observation of Paramorphic Quadratic Cholesteric Textures Grown from Supercooled Blue Phases
Authors: Onusseit H. , Stegemeyer H.
Published: February 2015

From supercooled quadratic liquid single crystals of the Blue Phases (BP) of cholesteryl myristate quadratic cholesteric textures grow with the boundaries of the BP single crystals being preserved by paramorphosis. A perpendicular helix orientation in the quadratic cholesteric structure has been derived from polarising microscopic investigations, which is also expected within the cubic BP single crystals.
Schwingungseigenschaften einiger Transplutonium-Orthophosphate / Vibrational Properties of Some Transplutonium Orthophospliates
Authors: Baran Enrique J.
Published: February 2015

The force constants and mean amplitudes of vibration for the PO4
3- ions present in the AnPO4 lattices (An = Am, Cm. Bk, Cf, Es) have been calculated from recently reported Raman data. Some comparisons made with the structurally related lanthanide orthophosphates show an analogous vibrational behaviour for both series of compounds.
Molecular Vibrations of Cubane and Its Deuterated Derivatives
Authors: Cyvin S. J. , Cyvin B. N. , Brunvoll J.
Published: February 2015

A harmonic field for cubane is developed by means of the following experimental data from literature: vibrational frequencies for C8H8, sym-C8H6D2, sym-C8H2D6 and C8D8, in addition to three Coriolis constants of C8H8. As a part of this analysis a new iteration method was developed for simultaneous fitting of vibrational frequencies and first-order Coriolis constants of a threedimensional symmetry block. The force constants were used to calculate the vibrational frequencies of all the twenty existing partially deuterated cubanes, in addition to the unsubstituted (C8H8) and perdeuterated (C8D8) molecules. Also the first-order Coriolis constants, mean amplitudes of vibration and perpendicular amplitude correction coefficients for selected cubane molecules are reported
A Contribution to the Analysis of the Rotational Spectra of Dimethyl Selenide in Torsional Excited States
Authors: Lalowski W. , Dreizler H.
Published: February 2015

Rotational spectra of dimethyl selenide in torsional and vibrational excited states were measured by Stark-and MWMW double resonance spectroscopy. The spectra could be assigned partially and evaluated for internal rotation parameters. The limitation of the rigid top-rigid frame Hamiltonian became obvious.
Molecular g-Values, Magnetic Susceptibility Anisotropies, Molecular Quadrupole Moments and the Anisotropies in the Electronic Charge Distribution in HNO2-Cis, DNO2-Cis, HNO2-Trans, and DNO2-Trans
Authors: Hübner Dirk , Sutter Dieter H.
Published: February 2015

The rotational Zeeman effect of the trans and eis forms of nitrous acid has been studied to yield the diagonal elements of the molecular g-tensor and the anisotropics in the diagonal elements of the magnetic susceptibility tensor. The results are used to calculate the diagonal elements of the molecular electric quadrupole moment tensor and the anisotropics in the second moments of the electronic charge distribution for all four molecular species. These data are compared to the corresponding CNDO/2 values, and the CNDO/2 value for the out of plane second moment of the electronic charge distribution is used together with the experimental anisotropics in the second moments of the electronic charge distribution to derive a semiexperimental value for the molecular bulk susceptibility which is otherwise difficult to obtain. The out-of-plane minus average in-plane magnetic susceptibility anisotropy is discussed with reference to the model of localised atomic susceptibilities and it is shown that the model should be extended to include bond and bond-bond interaction contributions.
Methyl Tunnelling and Reorientation in the Solid Tetramethyl Compounds of Silicon, Germanium Tin and Lead, and in Methyl Lithium
Authors: Warmuth W. Müller , Duprée K.-H. , Prager M.
Published: February 2015

Quantum-mechanical tunnelling and thermally activated reorientation of methyl groups have been studied in the series compounds X(CH3)4 with X = Si, Ge, Sn, Pb and LiCH3 using NMR and. if possible, neutron scattering (INS and QNS) techniques. The temperature and frequency dependence of the relaxation rates 1/T1 and 1/T1Q mirror the transition from small to large tunnel splittings as the barrier to rotation decreases in the succession X = Si. LiCH3, X = Ge, Sn, Pb. The various relaxation maxima, correlation times and apparent activation energies have been discussed in terms of current theories. Using the NMR, INS, QNS results and available literature data, relationships between tunnelling and temperature, activation, molecular structure and potential functions have been derived. Potential barriers decrease from about 7 to 0.2 kJ/mol and the symmetry is not far from threefold.
The Influence of a Static Magnetic Field on the Optical Properties of Chiral Molecules
Authors: Wagnière G.
Published: February 2015

A static magnetic field parallel to the direction of propagation of an incident light beam causes a small shift in the value of the refractive index and, correspondingly, of the absorption coefficient of a chiral molecule. This shift is opposite for enantiomers. However, it occurs for arbitrarily polarized light and is therefore not a circular differential effect.
Topological Properties of Benzenoid Systems. XXIV. Computing the Sextet Polynominal
Authors: Gutman Ivan , El-Basil Sherif
Published: February 2015

A graph-theoretical method for the calculation of the sextet polynomial is proposed. The method is easy and generally applicable. It is based on the construction of the Clar graph and on the calculation of its independence numbers.
A Microwave Fourier Transform Spectrometer for the Lower K-band
Authors: Stahl W. , Fliege E. , Dreizler H. , Schwarz R.
Published: February 2015

We report on the first experiments with Fourier Transform technique in K-band. Due to the limited performance of some components frequencies up to 20.5 GHz only could be reached. Some T2-relaxation measurements are given.
X-Ray Diffraction Study of MgCl2 in Methanol
Authors: Radnai T. , Kálmán E. , Pollmer K.
Published: February 2015

The structure of a concentrated solution of MgCl2 in methanol has been studied by X-ray diffraction. The parameters for the ion-solvent interactions are in good agreement with those found in aqueous solutions. Both for Mg2+ and Cl- the solvate shells are composed of 6 methanol molecules. An average octahedral arrangement of OH groups in the solvate shells of magnesium is probable. Octahedral symmetrical positions for CH3 groups proved to be unlikely
Quantitative Analysis of the Intensity of Interference Fringes of X-Ray Diffraction Line Profiles
Authors: Häupl K. , Wißmann P.
Published: February 2015

X-Ray diffraction spectra of thin films may show characteristic interference fringe patterns which wash out with increasing surface roughness. From the intensity of the secondary maxima quantitative data on the roughness can be derived. Model calculations are presented assuming that the distribution of heights about the mean surface level is Gaussian. The theory is applied to explain the diffraction spectra of single-crystal silver films. It is shown that some uncertainty in the results remains due to the influence of lattice distortions
Millimeter-Wave Spectrum of Ethyl Formate
Authors: Demaison J. , Boucher D. , Burie J. , Dubrulle A.
Published: February 2015

The rotational spectrum of ethyl formate has been investigated up to 240 GHz. High J transitions of both a-type and b-type have been measured for the two isomers and fitted to a centrifugally distorted Hamiltonian including some sextic coefficients. The results of the analysis are sufficiently accurate for the prediction of all strong transitions throughout the millimeterwave range. No splitting due to the internal rotation of the methyl group was observed, which indicates that the barrier to internal rotation is of the order of 3 kcal/mole or greater.
Collision-Induced Decomposition of Multiatomic Ions
Authors: Neumann Gregory M. , Sheil Margaret M. , Derrick Peter J.
Published: February 2015

The dependence upon ion mass of the loss of translational energy suffered by an ion with kiloelectron volt energy as a result of collision with helium has been investigated over the mass range 400 u to 1600 u. At masses below about 1500 u and an incident ion energy of 8 keV, there is forward-scattering in the centre-of-mass frame: at mass 1620 u at the same energy, there is backscattering in the centre-of-mass frame. The uptake of internal energy by an ion is at a maximum in the region in which the change from forward-scattering to back-scattering occurs.
Liquidus Curves of Eutectic NaK and NaCs Systems
Authors: Gallego L. J. , López J. M. , Alonso J. A.
Published: February 2015

The Conformal Solution and Flory's expressions for the free energy of mixing ΔGM of a binary liquid alloy have been modified by using a form for the enthalpy of mixing ΔHM which incorporates the concentration dependence given by Miedema's semiempirical model. This model emphasizes the importance of the atomic cell-surface area concentration in evaluating ΔHM. The modified forms of ΔGM have been used to construct the liquidus curves of NaCs and NaK.
MD-Simulation of Molten LiCl; Self-Exchange Velocities of Li-Isotopesnear Cl--Ions
Authors: Okada Isao
Published: February 2015

The experimental findings by Klemm et al. that in molten LiCl the isotope effect on the lithium mobilities increases with temperature and that the isotope effect between the two isotopically pure melts, i.e. 6LiCl and 7LiCl is greater than that in natural LiCl are reflected by the self-exchange velocities of the Li-isotopes near the Cl--ions obtained by MD.
Effect of Solventsand Temperature on O—H stretching Band of Methanol: Measure of van der Waals Interactions
Authors: Luck W. A. P. , Zheng H. Y.
Published: February 2015

The frequency shift of methanolic OH stretching bands by different nonpolar solvents at different temperatures can be described quantitatively by an equation proposed recently relating it to the temperature dependence of van der Waals interactions. The method shows that methanolic OH groups are surrounded by about 40% more solvent molecules than t-butanol OH groups.

Frequency shifts of CH3OH by binary solvent mixtures demonstrate an averaged potential with small preference of the solvent with higher interaction.
EPR Data on Ni(II) Doped Cu(II) Acetate Monohydrate Single Crystals: Evidence of Ni2+ — Cu2+ Exchange-Coupled Pairs
Authors: Buluggiu E.
Published: February 2015

Electron paramagnetic resonance measurements on nickel(ll) doped copper(ll) acetate mono­hydrate single crystals have been made. In the liquid helium temperature range, spectra have been observed which may be assigned to Ni2+-Cu2+ strongly coupled mixed pairs in the state of total spin S = 1/2. This result represents a definite difference of magnetic behaviour from the case of the nickel(II) doped dicopper(II) tetra(μ-benzoato-O,O′)bis(quinoline) complex, which has the same sandwich dimeric structure but shows spectra indicative of a S=3/2 state. Apart from this difference, unusual EPR data are found such as pronounced misalignments of g with respect to the relevant pair axes and very large values of the hyperfine coupling constant of the copper nucleus, which characteristically recall that case.
Anchoring Energy for Nematic Liquid Crystals an Analysis of the Proposed Forms
Authors: Barbero G. , Madhusudana N. V. , Durand G.
Published: February 2015

We analyze the proposed functional forms describing the surface anchoring energy of MBBA nematic liquid crystal. Measurements of the surface torque versus tilt angle suggest that the simple cosinus-square form is not adequate for MBBA. The generalized form in an infinite series in cosinus-square is not useful since the set of functions is not orthogonal. Analyses using the orthogonal Legendre polynomials and Fourier expansion are given. Finally we analyse the data in terms of small tilt angles compared to the easy axis, and very far from it, which are the two limits of practical interest.
A Novel Method Capable of Resolving Rotational Ionic States by the Detection of Threshold Photoelectrons with a Resolution of 1.2 cm-1
Authors: Müller-Dethlefs Klaus , Sander Michael , Schlag Edward W.
Published: February 2015

A novel method for the unambiguous direct determination of ionization potentials is presented. This is done by combining a pulsed field technique with a steradiancy analyser for the detection of threshold electrons. For now a resolution of better than 0.15 meV is demonstrated by resolving the first three rotational states of NO+.
Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Heterocycles. Phenyloxiranes
Authors: Güsten H. , Klasinc L. , Novak I. , Sanjek M.
Published: February 2015

The Hel photoelectron spectra of 2-phenyloxirane, 2,2-diphenyloxirane, trans-2.3-diphenyloxirane, 2,2,3-triphenyloxirane, and 2,2,3,3-tetraphenyloxirane are reported. Comparison with the spectra of ethylene oxide (oxirane), benzene, and the following phenylethenes-styrene (1). I,1-diphenylethene (2), cis-stilbene (3), trans-stilbene (4), triphenylethene (5), and tetraphenylethene (6) - allowed to assign the lower ionization energies of the phenyloxiranes. Splitting of the lowest energy benzene π-orbitals is qualitatively the same in both classes of compounds. Because of the perpendicular orientation of the oxygen lone-pair in comparison to the π-electrons of the ethylene double bond this splitting is considerably smaller in phenyloxiranes.
The Interactions in the Benzene Dimer in a Supersonic Jet: Study of the S1 level with isotopic labelling
Authors: Börnsen K. O. , Selzle H. L. , Schlag E. W.
Published: February 2015

The S1 energy levels of isotopically mixed benzene dimers are studied in a supersonic expansion. In the benzene dimer the O-O transition which is forbidden in the bare molecule is weakly allowed. The spectra show a small splitting for the homodimer and a single transition for the heterodimer, and an additional red shift of the homo dimer transition.
Near Infrared Absorption of Pure Carbon Dioxide up to 3100 bar and 500 K. II. Wavenumber Range 5600 cm-1 to 7400 cm-1
Authors: Buback M. , Schweer J. , Tups H.
Published: February 2015

Near infrared absorption of pure CO2 in the 3v1 + v3, 2v1 + 2v2
0 + v3, v1 + 4v2
0 + v3, 6v2
0 + v3 Fermi tetrad region around 6300 cm-1 and in the 3v3 second overtone region around 6970 cm-1 was measured at temperatures between 298 K and 500 K to a maximum pressure of 3100 bar. The 3v3 bandshape, at moderate compression up to 0.1 g · cm-3, is adequately represented by summing over individual rotation-vibration lines with half-widths proportional to the density. Band maximum positions and vibrational intensities between gaseous and liquid-like states are reported and discussed. Promising applications of high-pressure high-temperature near infrared spectroscopy to the quantitative analysis of CO2 are illustrated for the 3200 cm-1 to 7400 cm-1 region. The technique can be used for CO2 concentrations or at optical path lengths differing by several orders of magnitude.
Schwingungsberechnungen der käfigstrukturierten Molekülionen P7
3-, AS7
3- und Sb7
3-
Authors: Cyvin B. N. , Cyvin S. J. , Somer M. , Brockner W.
Published: February 2015

Normal coordinate analyses for the cage-like molecule ions P7
3-, As7
3- and Sb7
3- with C3 symmetry were performed, based on a very simple initial force field with three numerical parameters transferred from P4S3. FIR frequencies of Sb7
3- have been recorded. The force field was refined by adjusting the symmetry force constants to fit the observed frequencies. The final force fields were used to calculate the potential energy distribution terms (PED), the mean amplitudes of vibration and the first-order Coriolis coupling constants for the title molecule ions.
Yang-Mills Dynamics as Effective Nonlinear Field Theory of Composite Vector Bosons in Unified Spinorfield Models
Authors: Stumpf H.
Published: February 2015

Unified nonlinear spinorfield models are self-regularizing quantum field theories in which all observable (elementary and non-elementary) particles are assumed to be bound states of fermionic preon fields. Due to their large masses the preons themselves are confined and below the threshold of preon production the effective dynamics of the model is only concerned with bound state reactions. In preceding papers a functional energy representation, the statistical interpretation and the dynamical equations were derived and the effective dynamics for preonantipreon scalar boson states and three-preon fermion (and anti-fermion) states was studied in the low energy as well as in the high energy limit, leading to a functional energy representation of an effective Yukawa theory (with high energy form-factors). In this paper the effective dynamics of two-preon composite vector bosons is studied. The weak mapping of the functional energy representation of the spinorfield on to the functional energy representation for the effective vector boson dynamics (with interactions) produces a non-abelian SU (2) local gauge theory (Yang-Mills theory) for a triplet of mass-zero vector bosons in the temporal and Coulomb gauge. This special gauge is enforced by the use of the energy representation and is compatible with the nonlinear Yang-Mills dynamics (and quantization). Apart from the non-abelian Gauss-law all other field laws and constraints directly follow from the mapping procedure. The non-abelian Gauss-law is a consequence of the relativistic invariance of the effective dynamics.

PACS 11.10 Field theory

PACS 12.10 Unified field theories and models

PACS 12.35 Composite models of particles
Finite Larmor Radius and Compressibility Effects on Thermosolutal Instability of a Plasma
Authors: Sharma R. C. , Rani Neela
Published: February 2015

The thermosolutal instability of a compressible plasma due to the effects of the ion Larmor radius is considered. The system is found to be stable for (Cp/ g ) ß < 1. The finite Larm or radius and the compressibility introduce oscillatory modes in the system for (Cp /g) ß > 1. The compressibility, solute gradient and finite Larmor radius stabilize the stationary convection. The necessary conditions for overstability are also derived.
Quadrupole Coupling in 4-Fluoro-benzonitrile. A Microwave Fourier Transform Study
Authors: Böttcher Olaf , Sutter Dieter H.
Published: February 2015

The 14N quadrupole hfs coupling has been studied in Para-fluoro-benzonitrile using the high resolution microwave Fourier transform spectrometer constructed at Kiel University. If interpreted within a simplified MO treatment, the data show that the out-off-plane p-electron density at the Nitrogen nucleus is appearently larger than the in-plane density, contrary to the prediction of a CNDO/2 calculation.
State Predictability and Information Flow in Simple Chaotic Systems
Authors: Pompe B. , Kruscha J. , Leven R. W.
Published: February 2015

The possibility of state prediction in deterministic chaotic systems, which are described by 1-D maps, is discussed in the light o f information theory. A quantity h(l) is defined which represents the production of uncertainty on a future state by the chaotic dynamics (intrinsic noise) after / time steps have passed. h(l) is related to the Lyapunov characteristic exponent. Moreover, the influence of the measuring process (overlappings o f mapped boxes o f state space partition) and external noise on the state predictability are investigated quantitatively.
Fluoreszenzspektrometrische Untersuchungen an wäßrigen Terbium(III)-Lösungen bei 50 MPa und Temperaturen bis 200 °C
Authors: Baumann M. , Bilal B. A.
Published: February 2015

Fluorescence spectroscopic investigations o f aqueous terbium(III) solutions at 50 MPa and temperatures up to 200 ° C

The fluorescence emission o f Tb3+ in aqueous solution at temperatures up to 200 °C and pressures up to 50 MPa is measured and discussed. The com position o f the solutions was: Tb3+ 0.01 molar, NaCl 1 molar. H2SO4 0.05 and 0.5 molar. It is found, that a pressure o f 50 MPa is without influence on the emission. The augm entation o f the temperature to 200 °C leads to an increase of radiationless desactivation for the fluorescence transitions 5D4- 7F4 (583 ± 1 nm) and 5D 4- 7F3 (618 ± 1 nm). The emission by the transition 5D4-7F5 (544.5 ± 1 nm) remained nearly unchanged in intensity and lifetim e also at higher temperature.
Notizen: New Phase Transitions in CsHSeO4, CsH2PO4, RbHSO4, RbHSeO4, and RbH2PO4
Authors: Baranowski B. , Friesei M. , Lundén A.
Published: February 2015

Alkali metal hydrogen double salts can have more than one stable phase at ambient temperature. These phases can be identified by the enthalpy and temperature o f the endothermic phase transitions they undergo when heated. Transitions to these phases at ambient temperature depend on mechanical treatment (grinding, one-dimensional pressure) as well as on the water vapour pressure above a sample. Eight phase transitions (o f which five were not known before) have been studied by means o f differential scanning calorimetry.
Linear Analysis of the Currents in a Pipe
Authors: Brosa U.
Published: February 2015

A simple procedure to find solutions of the hydrodynamic Stokes equations is given. The procedure is used to determine the linear modes of a newtonian fluid in a pipe of circular cross section. Compressibility, shear and bulk viscosity are included, and no restrictions on the symmetry of the modes are made. Furthermore an infinite set of exact solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations is presented.
Measurements of Quadrupole Interactions by Nuclear Orientation and Quadrupole-Interaction-Resolved NMR on Oriented Nuclei
Authors: Ebeling K.-H. , Eder R. , Hagn E. , Zech E. , Deicher M.
Published: February 2015

The techniques of quadrupole-interaction nuclear-orientation and quadrupole-interaction-resolved

NMR on oriented nuclei were applied to radioactive 111In (T1/2 = 2.8 d), 198Au
(T
1/2
= 2.7 d) and 199Au (T1/2 = 3.1 d), mass-separator-implanted into single crystals of hep Co
and hep Gd. For 111InGd the quadrupole interaction was observed via the broadening of the
resonance and the dependence of the effective quadrupole interaction on the angle θ
between the
c-axis of the single crystal and the direction of magnetization. For 198AuGd the large electric field
gradient known from the literature could not be confirmed. For 198AuCo and 199AuCo the
quadrupole substructure has been resolved, and the electric field gradient of Au in hep Co was determined to be -0.84(4) x 1017
V/cm2. The magnetic hyperfine fields of Au in hep and fee Co
differ by about 20%. These experiments have shown that hep Co may be a good host matrix for
the determination of the quadrupole interaction of heavy radioactive nuclei with resonance
precision.
14N Quadrupole Cross-Relaxation Spectroscopy of a Compound of Pharmacological Interest
Authors: Bavin P. M. G. , Stephenson D. , Smith J. A. S.
Published: February 2015

Cross-relaxation spectroscopy has been used to record the 14N quadrupole resonance spectrum of two of the polymorphic forms of the pharmacologically-important compound: 2-4-(5-Bromo- 3-methylpyrid-2-yl)butylammo-5-(6-methylpyrid-3-yl)methyl-pyrimidin-4-one.

Three 14N frequencies for four of the non-equivalent nitrogen sites within the molecule have been identified by combined irradiation and cross-relaxation techniques and quadrupole coupling constants and asymmetry parameters deduced therefrom; the absence of 14N (and 79Br) signals from the bromine-substituted pyridine ring suggests that this part of the molecule is disordered in the crystal. The spectral intensities have been used to derive approximate values for the 14N and 1H relaxation times, which show clear differences between the two polymorphs.
Novel Applications of Topological Indices. 1. Prediction of the Ultrasonic Sound Velocity in Alkanes and Alcohols
Authors: Rouvray D. H. , Tatong W.
Published: February 2015

Several different topological indices (the carbon number, the Wiener index, the Balaban distance sum connectivity index, the Randić molecular identification number, and the Randić molecular connectivity indices 0χ, 1χ,,2χ, 3χp and 3χc ) were employed in the correlation of the velocity of ultrasonic sound in a variety of alkane and alcohol species. Using linear regression analyses and published sound velocity data, a number of excellent correlations were obtained for both alkanes and alcohols. Equations are developed which permit the prediction of sound velocity in these species to within 2% in most cases.