bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advanced extraction of PV parameters’ models based on electric field impacts on semiconductor conductivity using QIO algorithm
Authors: Bayoumi Ahmed S. A. , El Sehiemy Ragab A. , El-Kemary Maged , Abaza Amlak
Published: July 2024

This article presents a novel approach for parameters estimation of photovoltaic cells/modules using a recent optimization algorithm called quadratic interpolation optimization algorithm (QIOA). The proposed formula is dependent on variable voltage resistances (VVR) implementation of the series and shunt resistances. The variable resistances reduced from the effect of the electric field on the semiconductor conductivity should be included to get more accurate representation. Minimizing the mean root square error (MRSE) between the measured (I–V) dataset and the extracted (V–I) curve from the proposed electrical model is the main goal of the current optimization problem. The unknown parameters of the proposed PV models under the considered operating conditions are identified and optimally extracted using the proposed QIOA. Two distinct PV types are employed with normal and low radiation conditions. The VVR TDM is proposed for (R.T.C. France) silicon PV operating at normal radiation, and eleven unknown parameters are optimized. Additionally, twelve unknown parameters are optimized for a Q6-1380 multi-crystalline silicon (MCS) (area 7.7 cm2) operating under low radiation. The efficacy of the QIOA is demonstrated through comparison with four established optimizers: Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Salp Swarm Algorithm (SSA), and Sine Cosine Algorithm (SCA). The proposed QIO method achieves the lowest absolute current error values in both cases, highlighting its superiority and efficiency in extracting optimal parameters for both Single-Crystalline Silicon (SCS) and MCS cells under varying irradiance levels. Furthermore, simulation results emphasize the effectiveness of QIO compared to other algorithms in terms of convergence speed and robustness, making it a promising tool for accurate and efficient PV parameter estimation.
Electrophysiological and biochemical effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles on heart functions of male Wistar rats
Authors: Hussein Aida Ahmed , Moatamed Eman Raafat , El-desoky Mohamed Mahmoud , El Khayat Zakaria
Published: July 2024

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are one of the most abundantly used nanomaterials in cosmetics and topical products, and nowadays, they are explored in drug delivery and tissue engineering. Some recent data evidenced that they are responsible for cardiotoxic effects and systemic toxicity. The present study aimed to investigate the toxic effect of ZnO NPs (39 nm) on the heart of Wistar rats and to perform a dose–response relationship using three different dose levels (25, 50, 100 mg/kg bw) of ZnO NPs on the electrocardiogram (ECG) readings, the levels of biochemical function parameters of heart, and the oxidative stress and antioxidant biomarkers. Furthermore, zinc concentration level and histopathological examination of heart tissues were determined. ZnO NPs showed a dose-dependent effect, as the 100 mg/kg bw ZnO NPs treated group showed the most significant changes in ECGs parameters: R–R distance, P–R interval, R and T amplitudes, and increased levels of heart enzymes Creatine Kinase- MB (CK-MB) and Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). On the other hand, elevated zinc concentration levels, oxidative stress biomarkers MDA and NO, and decreased GSH levels were found also in a dose-dependent manner, the results were supported by impairment in the histopathological structure of heart tissues. While the dose of 100 mg/kg bw of ZnO bulk group showed no significant effects on heart function. The present study concluded that ZnO NPs could induce cardiac dysfunctions and pathological lesions mainly in the high dose.
A smartphone application toward detection of systolic hypertension in underserved populations
Authors: Landry Cederick , Dhamotharan Vishaal , Freithaler Mark , Hauspurg Alisse , Muldoon Matthew F. , Shroff Sanjeev G. , Chandrasekhar Anand , Mukkamala Ramakrishna
Published: July 2024

High systolic blood pressure (BP) is the most important modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Managing systolic hypertension is especially difficult in underserved populations wherein access to cuff BP devices is limited. We showed that ubiquitous smartphones without force sensing can be converted into absolute pulse pressure (PP) monitors. The concept is for the user to perform guided thumb and hand maneuvers with the phone to induce cuff-like actuation and allow built-in sensors to make cuff-like measurements for computing PP. We developed an Android smartphone PP application. The ‘app’ could be learned by volunteers and yielded PP with total error < 8 mmHg against cuff PP (N = 24). We also analyzed a large population-level database comprising adults less than 65 years old to show that PP plus other basic information can detect systolic hypertension with ROC AUC of 0.9. The smartphone PP app could ultimately help reduce the burden of systolic hypertension in underserved populations and thus health disparities.
Stabilized voltage source inverter for sensitive loads in nuclear installations
Authors: Mousa Marwa M. , Hussein Khalid F. A. , Matter Z. , Eleissawi Hussein
Published: July 2024

The present paper proposes a novel design of a stabilized single-phase voltage-source inverter with pure sinusoidal output voltage for photovoltaic systems employed for feeding sensitive loads in nuclear installations. Such types of loads require a voltage source with quite stabilized magnitude and frequency and pure sinusoidal shape that is free from higher-order harmonics. The inverter is based on an H-bridge four insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) with gate drivers and optocoupler isolators. A control system based on a fast DSP unit and a microcontroller is designed for cancelation of the higher-order harmonics to produce a pure sinusoidal output with almost zero total harmonic distortion (THD). The sinusoidal purity, frequency and magnitude stabilization are achieved through pulse width modulation (PWM) controlled by a fast-response feedback system that measures the time wave form of the output voltage applied to the load and then calculates the THD, frequency and amplitude. The sinusoidal shaping is performed with aid of a sinusoidal shaping filter (SSF) to fasten the operation of higher-order harmonic cancellation. The frequency measurement is achieved through a frequency counter whereas the amplitude measurement is carried out through a differential amplifier that amplifies the difference between the output voltage of the inverter (while being applied to the load) and reference voltage that determines the desired amplitude. A prototype of the entire system of the proposed voltage-source inverter is fabricated for experimental evaluation of its performance. It is shown through simulation and experimental work that the proposed control system of the inverter output voltage is able to stabilize both the amplitude and frequency of the voltage applied to the load irrespective of the load impedance. Also, it is shown that the THD of the output voltage is $$-57 \text{ dB}$$

-
57

dB

($$0.00025 \%$$

0.00025
%

), which is almost zero. Moreover, the switching losses are considerably reduced and can be negligible owing to the use of the appropriate IGBTs. The efficiency of the proposed inverter is obtained by simulation taking into account all types of losses. Also, the dependence of the inverter efficiency on the load current is investigated. The average efficiency of the proposed voltage-source inverter is shown to be higher than $$97\%$$

97
%

.
Venom gland organogenesis in the common house spider
Authors: Hassan Afrah , Blakeley Grace , McGregor Alistair P. , Zancolli Giulia
Published: July 2024

Venom is a remarkable innovation found across the animal kingdom, yet the evolutionary origins of venom systems in various groups, including spiders, remain enigmatic. Here, we investigated the organogenesis of the venom apparatus in the common house spider,Parasteatoda tepidariorum. The venom apparatus consists of a pair of secretory glands, each connected to an opening at the fang tip by a duct that runs through the chelicerae. We performed bulk RNA-seq to identify venom gland-specific markers and assayed their expression using RNA in situ hybridisation experiments on whole-mount time-series. These revealed that the gland primordium emerges during embryonic stage 13 at the chelicera tip, progresses proximally by the end of embryonic development and extends into the prosoma post-eclosion. The initiation of expression of an important toxin component in late postembryos marks the activation of venom-secreting cells. Our selected markers also exhibited distinct expression patterns in adult venom glands:sageand the toxin marker were expressed in the secretory epithelium,forkheadandsum-1in the surrounding muscle layer, whileDistal-lesswas predominantly expressed at the gland extremities. Our study provides the first comprehensive analysis of venom gland morphogenesis in spiders, offering key insights into their evolution and development.
Explicit and implicit sense of agency in depersonalisation experiences
Authors: Ciaunica Anna , Ayache Julia , Haggard Patrick , Nakul Estelle , Bonnet Emmanuelle , Auvray Malika
Published: July 2024

The sense of agency, the feeling of controlling one’s bodily actions and the world is altered in Depersonalisation (DP), a condition that makes people feel detached from one’s self and body. To investigate the link between depersonalisation and both implicit and explicit sense of agency, an online study was conducted using the influential Intentional Binding paradigm in a sample of non-clinical DP participants. The results did not reveal significant differences between individuals with low and high occurrences of DP experiences on the implicit and explicit sense of agency. However, participants with high occurrences of DP experiences showed a more time-sensitive explicit sense of agency and greater temporal distortions for short intervals in the absence of self-initiated motion. These results suggest that there is a discrepancy between implicit and explicit sense of agency in people with high levels of depersonalisation. Altogether, these findings call for further investigations of the key role of time perception on altered sense of self and agency in both non-clinical and clinical populations, to disentangle the mechanisms associated with the explicit and implicit sense of agency.
Universal terminal for cloud quantum computing
Authors: Khazali Mohammadsadegh
Published: July 2024

To bring the quantum computing capacities to the personal edge devices, the optimum approach is to have simple non-error-corrected personal devices that offload the computational tasks to scalable quantum computers via edge servers with cryogenic components and fault-tolerant schemes. Hence the network elements deploy different encoding protocols. This article proposes quantum terminals that are compatible with different encoding protocols; paving the way for realizing mobile edge-quantum computing. By accommodating the atomic lattice processor inside a cavity, the entangling mechanism is provided by the Rydberg cavity-QED technology. The auxiliary atom, responsible for photon emission, senses the logical qubit state via the long-range Rydberg interaction. In other words, the state of logical qubit determines the interaction-induced level-shift at the central atom and hence derives the system over distinguished eigenstates, featuring photon emission at the early or late times controlled by quantum interference. Applying an entanglement-swapping gate on two emitted photons would make the far-separated logical qubits entangled regardless of their encoding protocols. The proposed scheme provides a universal photonic interface for clustering the processors and connecting them with the quantum memories and quantum cloud compatible with different encoding formats.
Longitudinal association between maternal cardiovascular health in pregnancy and child birth outcomes
Authors: Jing Guangzhuang , Wei Qian , Zou Jiaojiao , Zhang Yunhui , Shi Huijing , Gao Xiang
Published: July 2024

The American Heart Association has updated its definition of cardiovascular health (CVH) with a new framework known as Life's Essential 8 (LE8). Although gestational CVH assessment has been recommended, its significance based on LE8 for birth outcomes is unknown. We thus evaluated the status of gestational CVH based on LE8 in 3036 pregnant women of the Shanghai Maternal-Child Pairs Cohort and the population of China Maternal Nutrition and Health Sciences Survey, and also examined the association between gestational CVH and child birth outcomes. We found that only a small proportion (12.84%) had high CVH, while 1.98% had low CVH in this cohort study. In adjusted models, a 10-point increase in the gestational CVH score, indicating a more favorable score, was associated with lower neonatal size such as birth weight (β: − 37.05 [95% confidence interval: − 52.93, − 21.16]), birth length (− 0.12[− 0.22, − 0.01]), weight-for-height z-score (− 0.07[− 0.12, − 0.03]), body mass index z-score (− 0.09 [− 0.13, − 0.04]), length-for-age Z-score (− 0.03 [− 0.06, − 0.01]), and weight-for-age z-score (− 0.08 [− 0.12, − 0.05]). Also, a 10-point increase in the gestational CVH score was associated with the lower risk of large for gestational age (LGA) (0.82 [0.73, 0.92]) and macrosomia infant (0.75 [0.64, 0.88]). CVH categories showed similar results. That is, better maternal CVH status in pregnancy was associated with lower neonatal size and lower risks for LGA and macrosomia in newborns.
Impaired metal perception and regulation of associated human foliate papillae tongue transcriptome in long-COVID-19
Authors: Danzer Barbara , Jukic Mateo , Dunkel Andreas , Andersen Gaby , Lieder Barbara , Schaudy Erika , Stadlmayr Sarah , Lietard Jory , Michel Timm , Krautwurst Dietmar , Haller Bernhard , Knolle Percy , Somoza Mark , Lingor Paul , Somoza Veronika
Published: July 2024

Chemosensory impairment is an outstanding symptom of SARS-CoV-2 infections. We hypothesized that measured sensory impairments are accompanied by transcriptomic changes in the foliate papillae area of the tongue. Hospital personnel with known SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) status completed questionnaires on sensory perception (n = 158). A subcohort of n = 141 participated in forced choice taste tests, and n = 43 participants consented to donate tongue swabs of the foliate papillae area for whole transcriptome analysis. The study included four groups of participants differing in IgG levels (≥ 10 AU/mL = IgG+; < 10 AU/mL = IgG-) and self-reported sensory impairment (SSI±). IgG+ subjects not detecting metallic taste had higher IgG+ levels than IgG+ participants detecting iron gluconate (p = 0.03). Smell perception was the most impaired biological process in the transcriptome data from IgG+/SSI+ participants subjected to gene ontology enrichment. IgG+/SSI+ subjects demonstrated lower expression levels of 166 olfactory receptors (OR) and 9 taste associated receptors (TAS) of which OR1A2, OR2J2, OR1A1, OR5K1 and OR1G1, as well as TAS2R7 are linked to metallic perception. The question raised by this study is whether odorant receptors on the tongue (i) might play a role in metal sensation, and (ii) are potential targets for virus-initiated sensory impairments, which needs to be investigated in future functional studies.
Baseline data collections of lipopolysaccharide content in 414 herbal extracts and its role in innate immune activation
Authors: Tjendana Tjhin Vindy , Oda Masataka , Yamashita Masashi , Iwaki Tomoko , Fujita Yasuko , Wakame Koji , Inagawa Hiroyuki , Soma Gen-Ichiro
Published: July 2024

Some herbal extracts contain relatively high amounts of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Because orally administered LPS activates innate immunity without inducing inflammation, it plays a role as an active ingredient in herbal extracts. However, the LPS content in herbal extracts remains extensively unevaluated. This study aimed to create a database of LPS content in herbal extracts; therefore, the LPS content of 414 herbal extracts was measured and the macrophage activation potential was evaluated. The LPS content of these hot water extracts was determined using the kinetic–turbidimetric method. The LPS concentration ranged from a few ng/g to hundreds of μg/g (Standard Escherichia coli LPS equivalent). Twelve samples had a high-LPS-content of > 100 μg/g, including seven samples from roots and three samples from leaves of the herbal extracts. These samples showed high phagocytosis and NO production capacity, and further investigation using polymyxin B, an LPS inhibitor, significantly inhibited macrophage activation. This study suggests that some herbal extracts contain sufficient LPS concentration to activate innate immunity. Therefore, a new approach to evaluate the efficacy of herbal extracts based on their LPS content was proposed. A database listing the LPS content of different herbal extracts is essential for this approach.
Dynamic look-ahead feedrate scheduling method based on sliding mode velocity control
Authors: Wang Liuquan , Liu Qiang , Sun Pengpeng , Lv Shisheng , Yang Ruijie , Yang Zhiqi
Published: July 2024

In the feedrate scheduling of complex curve direct interpolation, dynamic constraints such as axis acceleration and jerk are related to the actual state of the tool. Most existing methods convert dynamic constraints to velocity constraints at sampling points. However, it cannot guarantee the dynamic constraints are satisfied between sampling points. Addressing the issue, this paper proposes a dynamic look-ahead feedrate scheduling method based on sliding mode velocity control, which generates the motion command considering dynamic constraints in every interpolation cycle. To dynamically generate commands based on the current tool state, the acceleration and deceleration method based on sliding mode velocity control has been proposed, which can control tool state to transition to the command state with any initial state. To ensure sufficient distance for acceleration and deceleration, this paper uses braking distance to dynamically estimate the look-ahead distance. Then the minimum value within the look-ahead interval is selected as the command velocity for this scheduling cycle and the actual motion command is determined based on the dynamic constraints of each axis. Simulation and experiment results prove that compared with the existing method, this method effectively reduces the overshoot of dynamic constraints without significantly increasing the machining time. The analysis of real-time computation time has demonstrated the potential of the method proposed in this paper for real-time applications.
Helminths of the black-headed gull (Chroicocephalus ridibundus) from breeding colonies in north-central Poland
Authors: Stapf Agata N. , Rząd Izabella , Królaczyk Katarzyna , Indykiewicz Piotr , Gruszka Wojciech
Published: July 2024

Among parasites of the digestive tract of the black-headed gull (Chroicocephalus ridibundus) in Poland, the best known are species of digenetic trematodes and cestodes. Nematodes of this bird species are not well known. Black-headed gulls, due to their varied diet, migration, life in a flock, and changes of habitat, can become infected with various species of helminths, and like synanthropic birds, they can spread the dispersal stages of parasites across urban and recreational areas. In the present study, an attempt was made to identify the helminth fauna of C. ridibundus from breeding colonies in north-central Poland. The aim of the study was to describe the taxonomic structure of parasites of the digestive tract of the black-headed gull and determine the quantitative parameters of their occurrence. A total of 43 black-headed gulls were examined post-mortem for gastrointestinal helminths, resulting in the identification of four cestodes (Paricterotaenia porosa, Lateriporus clerci, Anomotaenia micracantha, and Wardium fusum), three trematodes (Diplostomum pseudospathaceum, Plagiorchis laricola, and Apophallus muehlingi), and three nematodes (Eucoleus contortus, Cosmocephalus obvelatus, and Porrocaecum ensicaudatum). Lateriporus clerci (in adult form), C. obvelatus and P. ensicaudatum (in larval form) were recorded for the first time in the black-headed gull in Poland.
The effect on the equilibrium sickle cell allele frequency of the probable protection conferred by malaria and sickle cell gene against other infectious diseases
Authors: Habibzadeh Farrokh
Published: July 2024

If a mutated gene with heterozygous advantage against malaria, e.g., hemoglobin S (HbS) gene, is introduced in a small tribe, the gene (allele) frequency (fgene) increases until it reaches a steady state value (feq) where the total mortality from malaria and sickle cell disease is a minimum. This is a classic example of balanced-polymorphism named malaria hypothesis. In a previous in silico study, assuming realistic initial conditions, it has been shown that the feq is around 14%, far less than the fgene observed in certain parts of Africa, 24%. It seems that the malaria hypothesis, per se, could not explain such a high fgene, unless it is assumed that malaria and HbS gene can provide protection against other diseases. Using Monte-Carlo simulation, the current study was conducted to examine the effect on feq of five scenarios was examined. The studied scenarios consisted of different combinations of mortality of other diseases and the possible amounts of protections conferred by malaria and HbS gene against the diseases. Taking into account other diseases causing mortality in the population makes the fgene rate of change steeper over generations. feq is an increasing function of the amount of protection conferred by HbS gene against other diseases. The effect of protection provided by malaria against other diseases on feq, is however, variable—depending on the amount of protection conferred by HbS gene against other diseases, it may increase or decrease feq. If malaria and HbS gene provide protections of 1.5-fold and threefold against other diseases, respectively, the feq is around 24%, the amount reported in certain tribes of Africa. Under certain scenarios, the feq attained is even higher.
Anti-hyperuricemia effect of Clerodendranthus spicatus: a molecular biology study combined with metabolomics
Authors: Zhou Zheng , Xu Manfei , Bian Meng , Nie Anzheng , Sun Bao , Zhu Chunsheng
Published: July 2024

Hyperuricemia (HUA), a metabolic disease caused by excessive production or decreased excretion of uric acid (UA), has been reported to be closely associated with a variety of UA transporters. Clerodendranthus spicatus (C. spicatus) is an herbal widely used in China for the treatment of HUA. However, the mechanism has not been clarified. Here, the rat model of HUA was induced via 10% fructose. The levels of biochemical indicators, including UA, xanthine oxidase (XOD), adenosine deaminase (ADA), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine (Cre), were measured. Western blotting was applied to explore its effect on renal UA transporters, such as urate transporter1 (URAT1), glucose transporter 9 (GLUT9), and ATP-binding cassette super-family G member 2 (ABCG2). Furthermore, the effect of C. spicatus on plasma metabolites was identified by metabolomics. Our results showed that C. spicatus could significantly reduce the serum levels of UA, XOD, ADA and Cre, and improve the renal pathological changes in HUA rats. Meanwhile, C. spicatus significantly inhibited the expression of URAT1 and GLUT9, while increased the expression of ABCG2 in a dose-dependent manner. Metabolomics showed that 13 components, including 1-Palmitoyl-2-Arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-PE, Tyr-Leu and N-cis-15-Tetracosenoyl-C18-sphingosine, were identified as potential biomarkers for the UA-lowering effect of C. spicatus. In addition, pathway enrichment analysis revealed that arginine biosynthesis, biosynthesis of amino acids, pyrimidine metabolism and other metabolic pathways might be involved in the protection of C. spicatus against HUA. This study is the first to explore the mechanism of anti-HUA of C. spicatus through molecular biology and metabolomics analysis, which provides new ideas for the treatment of HUA.
Loss of miR-145 promotes remyelination and functional recovery in a model of chronic central demyelination
Authors: Kornfeld Samantha F. , Cummings Sarah E. , Yaworski Rebecca , De Repentigny Yves , Gagnon Sabrina , Zandee Stephanie , Fathi Samaneh , Prat Alexandre , Kothary Rashmi
Published: July 2024

Strategies for treating progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) remain limited. Here, we found that miR-145-5p is overabundant uniquely in chronic lesion tissues from secondary progressive MS patients. We induced both acute and chronic demyelination in miR-145 knockout mice to determine its contributions to remyelination failure. Following acute demyelination, no advantage to miR-145 loss could be detected. However, after chronic demyelination, animals with miR-145 loss demonstrated increased remyelination and functional recovery, coincident with altered presence of astrocytes and microglia within the corpus callosum relative to wild-type animals. This improved response in miR-145 knockout animals coincided with a pathological upregulation of miR-145-5p in wild-type animals with chronic cuprizone exposure, paralleling human chronic lesions. Furthermore, miR-145 overexpression specifically in oligodendrocytes (OLs) severely stunted differentiation and negatively impacted survival. RNAseq analysis showed altered transcriptome in these cells with downregulated major pathways involved in myelination. Our data suggest that pathological accumulation of miR-145-5p is a distinctive feature of chronic demyelination and is strongly implicated in the failure of remyelination, possibly due to the inhibition of OL differentiation together with alterations in other glial cells. This is mirrored in chronic MS lesions, and thus miR-145-5p serves as a potential relevant therapeutic target in progressive forms of MS.
Ultrabroadband valley transmission and corner states in valley photonic crystals with dendritic structure
Authors: Li Meize , Liu Yahong , Du Lianlian , Li Peng , Dong Yibao , Tao Liyun , Li Zhenfei , Guo Yao , Song Kun , Zhao Xiaopeng
Published: July 2024

In photonic crystal systems, topologically protected edge states and corner states can be achieved by breaking spatial inversion symmetry, which is expected to be applied to topologically protected lasers, optical communication and integrated photonics. However, designing ultrabroadband topological photonic crystals is still a challenge. In this work, we propose a valley photonic crystal composed of dendritic structures, which can realize valley transmission with a relative bandwidth up to 59.65%. Compared with the previously reported two-dimensional broadband photonic crystals with 32.02% bandwidth, the relative bandwidth of the proposed valley transmission is increased by almost 100%. Theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and experimental measurement all confirm flexible manipulation of electromagnetic wave propagation paths. Ultrabroadband topological waveguides with the zigzag and armchair interface are demonstrated, which can achieve experimentally 58.71% and 36.78% relative bandwidth, respectively. In addition, several topological channel intersections are designed. Finally, two types of corner states with valley switchability and selectivity are demonstrated.
The dichapetalins and dichapetalin-type compounds: structural diversity, bioactivity, and future research perspectives
Authors: Addae-Mensah Ivan , Dziwornu Godwin Akpeko , Chama Mary Anti , Osei-Safo Dorcas
Published: July 2024

This review discusses the structural diversity of the dichapetalins and related compounds from the genera Dichapetalum and Phyllanthus, their manifestation in the diversity of their biological activities, and areas of potential future research.
A new fluorescent probe with high selectivity and sensitivity for Cys detection in bovine serum
Authors: Chen Shu , Yu Weiwei , Xing Guangnan , Song Zhiguang , Feng Guodong
Published: July 2024

A high sensitivity ratio fluorescent probe was designed and synthesized. This probe showed exceptional selectivity and sensitivity in cysteine detection with a low limit of detection (0.154 μM) in the ratiometric model.
Excited-state dynamics of 3-hydroxychromone in gas phase
Authors: Zhao Li , Geng Xuehui , Wang Jiangyue , Liu Yuxuan , Yan Wenhui , Xu Zhijie , Chen Junsheng
Published: July 2024

In the gas phase, the excited-state dynamics of 3-HC is dominated by the photoisomerization process instead of the excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) process, which occurs in solution.
Unveiling the electronic structure peculiarities of phosphine selenides as NMR probes for non-covalent interactions: an experimental and theoretical study
Authors: Krutin Danil V. , Zakharov Anton S. , Tupikina Elena Yu. , Mulloyarova Valeriya V.
Published: July 2024

Sensitivity of NMR spectral parameters to subtle changes in the electronic environment of P and Se in phosphine selenide molecules. Possibility of using R3PSe as a spectral probe for weak non-covalent interaction diagnostics is investigated.
Towards reliable and efficient modeling of [Cu2O2]2+-based compound electronic structures with the partially fixed reference space protocols
Authors: de Moraes Matheus Morato F. , Tecmer Paweł
Published: July 2024

This work reports a computationally efficient approach for reliable modeling of complex electronic structures based on [Cu2O2]2+ moieties.
Sodium layered oxide cathodes: properties, practicality and prospects
Authors: Guo Yu-Jie , Jin Ruo-Xi , Fan Min , Wang Wen-Peng , Xin Sen , Wan Li-Jun , Guo Yu-Guo
Published: July 2024

This review depicts a broad picture of fundamental electrochemical properties, challenges in practical use, improvement strategies and future prospects of Na layered oxides, attempting to offer insights into design high-performance Na cathodes.
Emissive supramolecular ionic crystals combining a red-NIR phosphorescent [Re6Se8CN6]4− cluster anion and a blue fluorescent tetraphenylethene counter-cation
Authors: Kashnik Ilya V. , Cordier Marie , Brylev Konstantin A. , Bouit Pierre-Antoine , Cordier Stéphane , Molard Yann
Published: July 2024

A supramolecular hybrid organic–inorganic framework is generated by combining a blue fluorescent tetraphenylethylene-based dication and a red-NIR phosphorescent octahedral rhenium cluster tetra-anion.
Towards the sustainable production of biomass-derived materials with smart functionality: a tutorial review
Authors: Wang Ruibin , Feng Youguang , Li Dongqi , Li Kaixin , Yan Yong
Published: July 2024

Towards the sustainable production of biomass-derived materials with smart functionality.
C–H fluorination promoted by pyridine N-oxyl radicals
Authors: Zeng Tianyu , Huang Chaoqun , Zhang Yang , Luo Yunzi , Niu Dawen
Published: July 2024

Pyridine N-oxyl radicals can be effectively generated under environmentally friendly mild conditions, significantly enhancing the reactivity of direct C–H fluorination.
Room-temperature rapid synthesis of hierarchically porous ZIF-93 for effective adsorption of volatile organic compounds
Authors: Zhang Haiqi , Zhao Kaikai , Guo Weibiao , Liang Kuan , Li Jingjing , Li Xu , Deng Qianjun , Xu Xuejun , Chao Huixia , Xi Hongxia , Duan Chongxiong
Published: July 2024

A rapid synthesis strategy was developed to produce HP-ZIFs at room temperature and ambient pressure within just 1 min, resulting in a high STY. The synthesized HP-ZIFs exhibit abundant porosity and enhanced VOCs adsorption properties.
A centrifugal-driven spiral microchannel microfiltration chip for emulsion and deformable particle sorting
Authors: Cai Yongchao , Li Zekun , Sun Cuimin , Zhao Xuan , Wu Shixiong , Huang Guangyong , Tang Shengchang , Dai Peng , Wei Xiangfu , You Hui
Published: July 2024

Droplet sorting and enrichment, as a prominent field within microfluidic technology, represent a pivotal stage in the manipulation of droplets and particles.
Unravelling the impact of sulfur atom oxidation and donor–acceptor effects on the performance of blue TADF emitters: a detailed computational study
Authors: Nathiya Singaravel
Published: July 2024

Blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials with substantial donors and acceptors skeleton for OLEDs.
Surface functionalized cryogels – characterization methods, recent progress in preparation and application
Authors: Behrendt Florian , Gottschaldt Michael , Schubert Ulrich S.
Published: July 2024

Cryogel applicability is strongly determined by the respective functionalization which can be evaluated directly or indirectly using different analytical techniques. This also helps to ensure a high reproducibility among the produced materials.
Advancements in molecular disassembly of optical probes: a paradigm shift in sensing, bioimaging, and therapeutics
Authors: Saczuk Karolina , Dudek Marta , Matczyszyn Katarzyna , Deiana Marco
Published: July 2024

Molecular disassembly is pioneering a new route to refined diagnostic and therapeutic solutions. This approach breaks down self-assembled molecules, offering enhanced precision and efficiency in various bio-oriented applications.
S@C composites constructed by a graded pore-making strategy for Mg–S batteries with outstanding rate performance
Authors: Xue Peng , Wang Pengpeng , Qin Xuyan , Wang Zhikai , Jia Xi , Wei Wutao
Published: July 2024

A S@C composite material was successfully prepared by graded pore-making, and shows excellent electrochemical performance when used as a cathode material for magnesium–sulfur batteries.
Giant thermal conductivity and strain thermal response of nitrogen substituted diamane: a machine-learning-based prediction
Authors: Wang Biao , Huang Zhenqiao , Xu Xingchun , Fan Saifei , Zhao Kunlong , Zhu Jiaqi
Published: July 2024

With the ongoing trend of seeking miniaturization and enhanced performance for electronic devices, effective thermal management has emerged as a critical concern.
The interplay of chromophore–spacer length in light-induced gold nanocluster self-assembly
Authors: Rival Jose V. , Nonappa  , Shibu Edakkattuparambil Sidharth
Published: July 2024

The chromophore-spacer length controls the cis-trans isomerization of azobenzene ligands in precision nanoclusters and regulates the kinetics of self-assembled superstructure formation.
(C3N6H7)BF4·H2O and (C3N6H7)SO3CH3·H2O with large birefringence induced by coplanar π-conjugated [C3N6H7]+ groups
Authors: Jia Hangwei , Xu Die , Li Zijian , Arif Muhammad , Jiang Yansheng , Hou Xueling
Published: July 2024

(C3N6H7)BF4·H2O and (C3N6H7)SO3CH3·H2O with large birefringence.
Copper-catalyzed pentafluoroethylation of aryl/alkenyl iodides with pentafluoroethylsilane
Authors: Tang Yihan , Tsui Gavin Chit
Published: July 2024

A copper-catalyzed pentafluoroethylation of aryl/alkenyl iodides is described using Et3SiCF2CF3 as a direct CF2CF3 source. An intriguing selective photocatalytic hydrodefluorination of pentafluoroethylarenes is also discovered.
Environmental remediation approaches by nanoscale zero valent iron (nZVI) based on its reductivity: a review
Authors: Liu Mingyue , Chen Gang , Xu Linli , He Zhicai , Ye Yuyuan
Published: July 2024

This review summarized recent reports in the reductive environmental remediation by nZVI and gave prospects for future research, which may benefit the exploration of effective and sustainable nZVI materials and innovative remediation approaches.
Enhancing CO2 hydrogenation to methanol via the synergistic effect of MoS2 interlayer spacing and sulfur vacancies
Authors: Qin Langlang , Gao Yunfei , Han Caiyun , Zhu Minghui , Wang Shuang
Published: July 2024

CO2 is reduced to methanol via the synergistic effect of expansion of the interlayer spacing and sulfur vacancies of MoS2.
Magneto-responsive biocomposites in wound healing: from characteristics to functions
Authors: Ding Haoyang , Hao Lili , Mao Hongli
Published: July 2024

Schematic illustrations of the pathways through which magneto-responsive biocomposites promote wound healing.
A novel surface-enhanced Raman based molecular identification platform for multiplexed and highly accurate clinical diagnosis of viral diseases
Authors: Pang Yida , Ding Qihang , Xu Lin
Published: July 2024

Schematic illustration of the E-NoM platform. The workflow for the simultaneous detection of four viral antigens during the infection process.
Recognition of European mammals and birds in camera trap images using deep neural networks
Authors: Schneider Daniel , Lindner Kim , Vogelbacher Markus , Bellafkir Hicham , Farwig Nina , Freisleben Bernd
Published: July 2024

Most machine learning methods for animal recognition in camera trap images are limited to mammal identification and group birds into a single class. Machine learning methods for visually discriminating birds, in turn, cannot discriminate between mammals and are not designed for camera trap images. The authors present deep neural network models to recognise both mammals and bird species in camera trap images. They train neural network models for species classification as well as for predicting the animal taxonomy, that is, genus, family, order, group, and class names. Different neural network architectures, including ResNet, EfficientNetV2, Vision Transformer, Swin Transformer, and ConvNeXt, are compared for these tasks. Furthermore, the authors investigate approaches to overcome various challenges associated with camera trap image analysis. The authors’ best species classification models achieve a mean average precision (mAP) of 97.91% on a validation data set and mAPs of 90.39% and 82.77% on test data sets recorded in forests in Germany and Poland, respectively. Their best taxonomic classification models reach a validation mAP of 97.18% and mAPs of 94.23% and 79.92% on the two test data sets, respectively.
10 kV nanosecond pulse generator with high voltage gain and reduced switches
Authors: Ma Jiuxin , Yu Liang , Yao Chenguo , Dong Shoulong , Li Chengxiang , Ren Lvheng , Wang Shixin
Published: July 2024

In the article, a new type boost high‐voltage nanosecond pulse generator is proposed. The distributed inductance of the transmission line is utilised as the energy storage unit and cooperated with the variable impedance transmission line transformer to generate nanosecond pulses with extremely high‐voltage gain. What’s more, the isolation effect caused by the transmission line time delay is applied to achieve modular stacking. The demand for charging power supply can be greatly reduced, and few switches are used. Finally, the topological principle is verified by experiments, and a prototype of the five‐stage stacking prototype is built. With the charging voltage of 28 V, the generator can output pulse with a voltage amplitude of 10 kV and pulse width of 12 ns whose voltage gain is up to 357 times.
Wearable micro‐electro‐mechanical systems pressure sensors in health care: Advancements and trends—A review
Authors: Kiran Kolluri S. S. , Ananiah Durai S.
Published: July 2024

Wearable technologies offer a complementary approach to clinical diagnostics by utilising a variety of physical, chemical, and biological sensors to mine physiological (biophysical and/or biochemical) data in real time (preferably continuous), in a non‐intrusive or minimally invasive manner. Micro‐Electro‐Mechanical Systems (MEMS) pressure sensors dominate the healthcare applications especially for vital parameter sensing, as they feature the non‐invasive method of diagnosis and have comparatively high sensitivity leading to better accuracy. Among them, capacitive and piezoresistive type pressure sensors have gained substantial advantages compared to other transduction devices due to high linearity, low power consumption, and low thermal coefficient. The performance review of such MEMS sensors in research and as well as market‐ready devices that can be seamlessly integrated into commercial wearable products is the primary focus in this work. Challenges in the system level integration of Microsensors with the associated interface electronics and the design mitigation of such MEMS microsystems are also discussed. Design insights of analog front‐end circuitry in terms of gain, noise, power and area that are crucial for any wearable applications are also comprehensively reviewed.
Multiwavelength study of on-disk coronal-hole jets with IRIS and SDO observations
Authors: Koletti M. , Gontikakis C. , Patsourakos S. , Tsinganos K.
Published: July 2024

Context. Solar jets are an important field of study, as they may contribute to the mass and energy transfer from the lower to the upper atmosphere.

Aims. We use the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) and Solar Dynamic Observatory (SDO) observations to study two small-scale jets (jet 1 and jet 2) originating in the same on-disk coronal hole observed in October 2013.

Methods. We combine dopplergrams, intensity maps, and line width maps derived from IRIS Si IV 1393.755 Å spectra along with images from the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) on SDO to describe the dynamics of the jets. Images from AIA, with the use of the emission measure loci technique and rectangular differential emission measure (DEM) distributions, provide estimations of the plasma temperatures. We used the O IV 1399.77 Å, 1401.16 Å spectral lines from IRIS to derive electron densities.

Results. For jet 1, the SDO images show a small mini-filament 2 minutes before the jet eruption, while jet 2 originates at a pre-existing coronal bright point. The analysis of asymmetric spectral profiles of the Si IV 1393.755 Å and 1402.770 Å lines reveals the existence of two spectral components at both regions. One of the components can be related to the background plasma emission originating outside the jet, while the secondary component represents higher-energy plasma flows associated with the jets. Both jets exhibit high densities of the order of 1011 cm−3 at their base and 1010 cm−3 at the spire, respectively, as well as similar average nonthermal velocities of ∼50–60 km/s. However, the two jets show differences in their length, duration, and plane-of-sky velocity. Finally, the DEM analysis reveals that both jets exhibit multithermal distributions.

Conclusions. This work presents a comprehensive description of the thermal parameters and the dynamic evolution of two jets. The locations of the asymmetric profiles possibly indicate the areas of energy release triggering the jets.
High-energy spectra of LTT 1445A and GJ 486 reveal flares and activity
Authors: Diamond-Lowe H. , King G. W. , Youngblood A. , Brown A. , Howard W. S. , Winters J. G. , Wilson D. J. , France K. , Mendonça J. M. , Buchhave L. A. , Corrales L. , Kreidberg L. , Medina A. A. , Bean J. L. , Berta-Thompson Z. K. , Evans-Soma T. M. , Froning C. , Duvvuri G. M. , Kempton E. M.-R. , Miguel Y. , Pineda J. S. , Schneider C.
Published: July 2024

The high-energy radiative output, from the X-ray to the ultraviolet, of exoplanet host stars drives photochemical reactions and mass loss in the upper regions of planetary atmospheres. In order to place constraints on the atmospheric properties of the three closest terrestrial exoplanets transiting M dwarfs, we observe the high-energy spectra of the host stars LTT 1445A and GJ 486 in the X-ray with XMM-Newton and Chandra and in the ultraviolet with HST/COS and STIS. We combine these observations with estimates of extreme-ultraviolet flux, reconstructions of the Lyα lines, and stellar models at optical and infrared wavelengths to produce panchromatic spectra from 1 Å to 20 µm for each star. While LTT 1445Ab, LTT 1445Ac, and GJ 486b do not possess primordial hydrogen-dominated atmospheres, we calculate that they are able to retain pure CO2 atmospheres if starting with 10, 15, and 50% of Earth’s total CO2 budget, respectively, in the presence of their host stars’ stellar wind. We use age-activity relationships to place lower limits of 2.2 and 6.6 Gyr on the ages of the host stars LTT 1445A and GJ 486. Despite both LTT 1445A and GJ 486 appearing inactive at optical wavelengths, we detect flares at ultraviolet and X-ray wavelengths for both stars. In particular, GJ 486 exhibits two far-ultraviolet flares with absolute energies of 1029.5 and 1030.1 erg (equivalent durations of 4357 ± 96 and 19 724 ± 169 s) occurring 3 h apart. Based on the timing of the observations, we suggest that these high-energy flares are related and indicative of heightened flaring activity that lasts for a period of days, but our interpretations are limited by sparse time-sampling. Consistent high-energy monitoring is needed to determine the duration and extent of high-energy activity on individual M dwarfs and the population as a whole.
Life cycle environmental assessment of hybrid renewable energy system
Authors: Islam M.K. , Hassan N.M.S. , Rasul M.G. , Emami Kianoush , Chowdhury Ashfaque Ahmed
Published: July 2024

Life cycle environmental assessment is essential in assessing system performance for sustainable ecosystem. This study presented the ecological effect of installation of renewable energy systems in site Doomadgee of Far North Queensland. The aim is to determine the ecological footprint of a renewable system in sustaining the ecology. The findings of the study indicate wind turbines with the highest impacts on climate change (1.45E+11 kg CO2 eq), acidification potential (3.82E+08 mol H+ eq), eutrophication potential (6.56E+04 kg P eq). PEM electrolyser has the highest impact in the Ozone depletion category (24.87 kg CFC11 eq). The lowest impact arises because of PEM electrolyser in all categories except ozone depletion where the lowest contribution (0.072 kg CFC11 eq) comes from a wind turbine.
Modeling the energy transition: Multiobjective optimization of green hydrogen deployment strategies
Authors: Risco-Bravo Alejandra , Varela Christopher , Jara-Alvear Jose , Soriano Guillermo
Published: July 2024

The energy transition is a complex concept that requires progressively addressing various technical, environmental, social, and political issues. Green hydrogen is recognized as a clean fuel to support the energy transition worldwide. This study presents a modeling framework for green hydrogen deployment strategies in the transport and fertilizer sectors on a long-term basis. The mathematical model includes decision variables to account for the amount of hydrogen produced from different energy sources and the importation of fossil-based commodities. Additionally, it incorporates demand-supply and production capacity restrictions in 5-year intervals from the year 2020 to 2050. The case study focuses on the Ecuadorian context, and two deployment strategies are proposed: (i) utilizing surplus renewable energy and (ii) developing local PV capacity. Both strategies positively contributed to adopting more sustainable alternatives; however, Strategy II exhibited superior performance in terms of costs and GHG emissions. Thus, this work provides a framework for designing energy transition strategies and their evaluation to achieve specific renewable and green hydrogen adoption targets over time.