bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fast and robust image watermarking method in the spatial domain
Authors: Yuan Zihan , Su Qingtang , Liu Decheng , Zhang Xueting , Yao Tao
Published: February 2021

To solve the copyright protection problem of a colour image, a new blind colour image watermarking method combining a discrete cosine transform (DCT) in the spatial domain is presented in this study. The advantages of the spatial‐domain watermarking algorithm and frequency‐domain one are made full use in this scheme. Based on the different quantisation steps in red, green, and blue three‐layer images, the processes of watermark embedding and blind extraction are completed in the spatial domain without a real DCT domain. The scheme is realised by using the unique features of the direct current (DC) coefficient and the relativity of DC coefficients between adjacent pixel blocks. This scheme can effectively solve the problems of the large‐capacity colour image watermarking algorithm, such as long‐running time and weak robustness. Comparing with other advanced watermarking algorithms, the presented scheme has better invisibility, stronger robustness, and higher real‐time performance.
Detection of negative sequence components in diagnosing and tolerating open‐gate fault for a voltage‐source inverter in an induction motor drive
Authors: Al‐Gahtani Saad F. , Azazi Haitham Z. , Nelms Robert M. , Elbarbary Zakaria M
Published: February 2021

Power converter faults represent about 12% of electrical system faults. More than 31% of these converter faults are caused by the transistors in the converters. These transistor failures are classified into open‐gate and short‐gate faults. A fault diagnostic and tolerant control system is proposed in this study for an open‐gate fault of a three‐phase voltage‐source inverter (VSI). The system under study is an induction motor fed by a VSI. The diagnostic technique uses a detection method of positive and negative sequence components, which requires only the measurement of motor currents. The diagnostic signals are derived from the negative sequence components of the motor currents. These signals are then compared using logic functions to trigger the tolerant control. In the case of an open‐gate fault, the tolerant system converts the inverter topology from six switches to four switches where the faulty inverter leg is disconnected. The proposed control method was evaluated under steady‐state and transient conditions through simulation and experiments. The results confirm an effective and reliable performance of the motor under an open‐gate fault.
Provisional energy transaction management amongst neighbouring microgrids through a DC power exchange link
Authors: Ferdous S.M. , Shahnia Farhad , Shafiullah G.M.
Published: February 2021

Several neighbouring microgrids (MGs) can be coupled to each other to increase their reliability and resiliency, as well as flexibility in their operation. A dc power exchange link can bring several benefits including their isolation among each other, which will enable power exchange amongst MGs with various operating conditions and standards. This study has focused on such a scheme and presents an energy transaction management to provide provisional support among the MGs, when one or more MGs experience overloading or renewable‐based excessive generation, resulting in unacceptable voltage or frequency deviation. A suitable operation and control strategy have been proposed for the power electronic converters, employed between the MG and the dc power exchange link. The performance of the proposed power management technique is evaluated through simulation studies in PSIM®, which validate the success and efficacy of the proposal.
Single input, dual output high step‐up/down DC–DC converter with ripple‐free input current in the high current port and expandable number of output ports
Authors: Saadatizadeh Zahra , Babaei Ebrahim , Blaabjerg Frede , Cecati Carlo
Published: February 2021

In this study, a non‐isolated three‐port high step‐up/step‐down DC–DC converter is proposed. The proposed converter has the capability of cancelling the input current ripple in the high current port, moreover, the voltage conversion ratios between the high voltage and low voltage are increased by coupled inductors. All the ports of the proposed converter have a common ground. In addition, any of the three ports can be used as an input voltage source, which can supply the other two ports. The number of DC voltage ports of the proposed converter can be more increased by using more inductor‐switch cells. In this study, the theoretical results of the proposed converter are obtained and the voltage conversion ratios of the output ports, the voltage and current stress on switches, average currents of inductors, and the required condition of cancelling input current ripple at the low voltage side are calculated for the proposed three‐port converter. The voltage gains of the developed converter with four ports are also calculated. Finally, the theoretical results are reconfirmed by the experimental results for 28 V input/150 and 460 V output ports.
Switched capacitor‐based continuous input current high step‐up impedance source DC–DC converter
Authors: Ahmad Anish , Shiluveru Kharan , Singh Rajeev Kumar
Published: February 2021

The conventional converter needs to be operated at a high duty cycle to achieve maximum possible voltage gain. This leads to severe reverse recovery of switches, increases losses, and reduces efficiency. This study presents a modified switched‐capacitor‐based high gain continuous input current quasi‐Z‐source converter (qZSC) for DC microgrid applications. The proposed converter utilises the embedded switched‐capacitor techniques and can give a high voltage gain with a low duty ratio compared to the conventional converters. The proposed converter also experiences less capacitor voltage and inductor current stresses compared to the conventional Z‐source converters. This facilitates the use of lower‐rated capacitors and inductors for higher power applications. Detailed steady‐state, small‐signal, and power loss analysis of proposed qZSC is discussed in this study. A prototype of 100 W is designed and implemented using TI TMS320F28335 Experimenter Kit to verify the operation of the proposed converter.
Comparing electricity balancing capacity, emissions, and cost for three different storage‐based local energy systems
Authors: Monie Svante W. , Nilsson Annica M. , Åberg Magnus
Published: February 2021

This study provides an analysis of the potential for a sub‐energy system to provide an electricity balancing service to, in this case, a national energy system with a large share of variable renewable electricity generation. By comparing electricity balancing capacity, CO2, eq‐emissions, and costs, three different local residential energy system setups are assessed. The setups contain different combinations of district heating, combined heat and power, thermal energy storage, electric battery storage, heat pumps, and electric boilers. The analysis focuses on system‐level integration, heat and electricity cross‐sectoral operations, and unconventional production strategies for district heating production. The results show that local sub‐energy systems with heat pumps, combined heat and power, and thermal energy storage has the potential to reduce national electricity balancing demand in an economically feasible way, and with modest CO2, eq‐emissions. It was also shown that electricity‐based heat production without district heating is economically unfavourable, even in the most optimistic scenario; it is not likely to be feasible within a 30‐year period.
Innovative Paradigms of Responsible Consumption in Ensuring Environmental Security of Socio-Economic Systems in a Pandemic
Authors: Telyatnikova Victoria S. , Shokhnekh Anna V. , Mushketova Natalia S. , Al Aayedi Ali G.B.
Published: February 2021

Innovative paradigms of responsible consumption represent a template, a model of renewal processes and environmentally friendly use of labor to create good in socio-economic systems, which corresponds to sustainable development and the society needs. The article examines a socioeconomic system that built on the cultural and ethical norms of actors (society, individual groups, people), taking into account their emotional state and the framework of legitimate rationality. The socioeconomic system defines a vector for improving the life quality in a balanced ecological environment as the basis for the moral component of responsible consumption in a civilized society. The socioeconomic paradigm quite rightly assigns an important place to moral obligations, social expectations and power relations that affect the behavior of economic actors, and, consequently, their responsible consumption of natural resources and goods produced. The analysis of social efficiency, sustainability of development, socio-economic and environmental balance of decisions made in a pandemic is becoming essential. It is important to note that the conditions of isolation, which are provided by the state, determine not only economic and social losses, but also cause psychological damage to the individual. The state, business and society must understand that a decrease in innovative interest and readiness for development during a pandemic will be massive. Currently, it is necessary to create conditions for the favorable adaptation of society to the use of forced measures, providing not only financial, but also mental support to prevent: decreased performance, emotional instability, the emergence of a state of tension and stress. In the process of making forecasts and socio-economic responsible consumption policy, it is important to define the concept, goals, objectives, principles, tools of reproduction environmental safety of economic and social system from the standpoint of economic, social, moral and moral parameters of entrepreneurial activity and labor.
Arbeitsteilung innerhalb der Pflege
Authors: Franzke Udo
Published: February 2021

Die sich stetig verändernden demografischen Bedingungen im deutschen Gesundheitswesen werden sich zukünftig auch verstärkt auf den Dialysebereich auswirken. Hauptfaktoren sind steigende Kosten bei größtenteils gleichbleibenden Erlösen sowie der sich zunehmend abzeichnende Fachkräftemangel im nichtärztlichen Bereich. Eine Möglichkeit, diesen Herausforderungen zu begegnen, ist eine Neuverteilung von Aufgaben im Dialyseprozess. Mögliche Herangehensweisen sind die Aufspaltung des Dialyseprozesses und Verteilung der Tätigkeiten an Personen gleicher Qualifikation und/oder auch unterschiedlicher Qualifikation. Der Einsatz von Assistenzpersonal erscheint als eine Variante, um sowohl demografischen Anforderungen als auch steigenden Kosten zu begegnen. Fraglich ist nur, bis zu welchem Grad das Splitten des Behandlungsprozesses sinnvoll ist und ob es regulatorische Rahmenbedingungen gibt, die es zu beachten gilt. Diese Aspekte werden in diesem Artikel beleuchtet und zu einem Ergebnis geführt.
Leiharbeit – Fluch oder Segen?
Authors: Schwab Gisela , Wagenhäuser Kirsten
Published: February 2021

In der letzten Ausgabe haben wir einen Überblick über die organisatorischen Herausforderungen, Bedingungen und Risiken der Zeitarbeit gegeben. Dieses Mal schildern unsere Autorinnen, welche Vor- und Nachteile die Arbeitnehmerüberlassung aus Sicht der OP-Leitung hat und welche Erfahrungen sie an ihrer Klinik bisher mit Leiharbeitern gesammelt haben. Zwar ist durch die Covid-19-Pandemie aktuell der Bedarf an Leiharbeitern in den OP-Abteilungen deutlich gesunken, da elektive Eingriffe abgesagt oder verschoben werden und Personal aus der Anästhesie auf den Intensivstationen eingesetzt wird. Zudem berichten einige große Kliniken, dass sich manche Leiharbeiter aufgrund der unsicheren Zeiten feste Arbeitsverhältnisse gesucht haben, da diese mehr Sicherheiten bieten. Aber sobald die Pandemie überwunden ist, wird sich die OP-Kapazität erhöhen, die OP-Pflege wird wieder an ihre Belastungsgrenzen stoßen und dann auf Leiharbeiter angewiesen sein.
Die psychische Gesundheit von Pflegenden (Teil 2)
Authors: Wiederhold Dietmar
Published: February 2021

Psychische Gesundheit bedeutet, im inneren Gleichgewicht zu sein, um mit Belastungen und negativen Lebensereignissen konstruktiv umgehen zu können. Pflegende sind durch vielfältige Faktoren auf der beruflichen und persönlichen Ebene für stressauslösende Belastungen besonders gefährdet. Krankheitsbedingte Fehlzeiten dokumentieren die Folgen dieser besonderen Stressvulnerabilität von Pflegenden. In Teil 2 der Artikelserie werden deshalb ausgehend vom Begriff der psychischen Gesundheit sowohl die Faktoren vorgestellt, die sich förderlich auf das Wohlbefinden Pflegender auswirken, als auch interne und externe Risikofaktoren, die zu steigenden Arbeitsunfähigkeiten führen können. Die Kenntnis der beeinflussenden Kräfte kann dazu beitragen, vielfältige Strategien der Gesundheits- und Resilienzförderung zu entwickeln, die in den nächsten Teilen 3 und 4 der Artikelserie vorgestellt werden.
COVID-19 aus Sicht der Hämatologie und Hämostaseologie
Authors: Spiekermann Karsten , Subklewe Marion , Hildebrandt Martin , Humpe Andreas , von Bergwelt-Baildon Michael
Published: February 2021

Die Infektion mit SARS-CoV-2 führt zu einer Reihe von Pathologien im hämatopoetischen System, die die klinische Symptomatik und die Mortalität erheblich beeinflussen. Auch kommt es durch die Aktivierung des Gerinnungssystems zu einer deutlich erhöhten Inzidenz an Thromboembolien. Der Beitrag stellt Pathomechanismen, relevante diagnostische Parameter und den aktuellen Stand zur passiven Immunisierung durch Rekonvaleszentenplasma vor.
Factors associated with the progression of gastric intestinal metaplasia: a multicenter, prospective cohort study
Authors: Mommersteeg M. C. , Eikenboom E. L. , Nieuwenburg S. A. V. , Yu B. , den Hollander W. J. , Holster I. Lisanne , den Hoed Caroline M. , Capelle L. G , Tang Thjon J. , Anten Marie-Paule , Prytz-Berset I. , Witteman E. M. , ter Borg F. , Burger Jordy P. W. , Bruno Marco J. , Fuhler G. M. , Peppelenbosch Maikel P. , Doukas Michael , Kuipers Ernst J. , Spaander Manon C.W.
Published: February 2021

Background and study aims Gastric cancer (GC) is usually preceded by premalignant gastric lesions (GPLs) such as gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM). Information on risk factors associated with neoplastic progression of GIM are scarce. This study aimed to identify predictors for progression of GIM in areas with low GC incidence.

Patients and methods The Progression and Regression of Precancerous Gastric Lesions (PROREGAL) study includes patients with GPL. Patients underwent at least two upper endoscopies with random biopsy sampling. Progression of GIM means an increase in severity according to OLGIM (operative link on gastric intestinal metaplasia) during follow-up (FU). Family history and lifestyle factors were determined through questionnaires. Serum Helicobacter pylori infection, pepsinogens (PG), gastrin-17 and GC-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were determined. Cox regression was performed for risk analysis and a chi-squared test for analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms.

Results Three hundred and eight patients (median age at inclusion 61 years, interquartile range (IQR: 17; male 48.4 %; median FU 48 months, IQR: 24) were included. During FU, 116 patients (37.7 %) showed progression of IM and six patients (1.9 %) developed high-grade dysplasia or GC. The minor allele (C) on TLR4 (rs11536889) was inversely associated with progression of GIM (OR 0.6; 95 %CI 0.4–1.0). Family history (HR 1.5; 95 %CI 0.9–2.4) and smoking (HR 1.6; 95 %CI 0.9–2.7) showed trends towards progression of GIM. Alcohol use, body mass index, history of H. pylori infection, and serological markers were not associated with progression.

Conclusions Family history and smoking appear to be related to an increased risk of GIM progression in low GC incidence countries. TLR4 (rs11536889) showed a significant inverse association, suggesting that genetic information may play a role in GIM progression.
Radiofrequency vapor ablation for Barrett’s esophagus: feasibility, safety and proof of concept in a stepwise study with in vitro, animal, and the first in-human application
Authors: van Munster Sanne N. , Pouw Roos E. , Sharma Virender K. , Meijer Sybren L. , Weusten Bas L. A. M. , Bergman Jacques J. G. H. M.
Published: February 2021

Introduction The Radiofrequency Vapor Ablation (RFVA) System (AquaMedical, Inc., Santa Ana, CA) is a novel ablation system for eradication of Barrett’s esophagus, that generates vapor at 100 °C using an RF electrode located in the catheter tip. We performed in-vitro dosimetry studies and the first in-human feasibility study.

Methods The system includes an RFVA generator with syringe pump and a through-the-scope-catheter. The RFVA system was tested in-vitro (lean-beef and porcine study) and ablation depth was compared to focal RFA. Two doses were selected for further in-vivo testing in dysplatic BE patients. Repeat endoscopy with histology was performed after 8 weeks to assess squamous conversion.

Results In porcine, RFVA 3-seconds was comparable to RFA, whereas RFVA 5-seconds produced slightly deeper ablation. We selected a conservative 1-second and 3-seconds for human study. Fifty-three ablations were successfully applied in 15 patients with no adverse events. Follow-up endoscopy showed a median squamous conversion of 55 % (IQR 33 – 74) and 98 % (56 – 99) for 1 and 3-seconds, respectively.

Conclusions In this 3-phase study with lean-beef, porcine and the first in-human application, the RFVA system was feasible for esophageal ablation and successfully and safely converted targeted BE areas into squamous epithelium.
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in infants and children
Authors: Åvitsland Tone Lise , Aabakken Lars
Published: February 2021

Background and study aims Previous reports have suggested that endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in pediatric patients are safe. However, the total number of cases presented in the literature remains small. We present results regarding safety and outcomes in pediatric patients undergoing ERCP at Oslo University Hospital.

Patients and methods Patients < 18 years who underwent ERCP between April 1999 and November 2017 were identified using procedure codes. Medical records were examined for age, gender, diagnosis, indications, type of sedation, findings, interventions, and complications.

Results A total of 244 procedures were performed in 158 patients. Fifty-six of these were in 53 infants (age ≤ 1 year). Mean age was 8.8 years. The youngest patient was 8 days old. Mean weight was 5.0 kg in infants, the smallest weighing 2.9 kg. Cannulation failed in 19 (7.8 %). The main indication in infants was suspicion of biliary atresia (n = 38). Six of the procedures (10.7 %) were therapeutic. In children the main indications were biliary stricture (n = 64) and investigation of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) (n = 45). 119 (63.2 %) of these procedures were therapeutic.

Complications were uncommon in infants; only two episodes of infection were registered. In children (> 1 year) post-ERCP pancreatitis were seen in 10.4 %.

Conclusions Our retrospective series of ERCP procedures includes 56 procedures in infants, which is one of the largest series presented. Complications in infants are rare and post-ERCP pancreatitis was not seen. In older children 10.4 % experienced post-ERCP pancreatitis. In expert hands, ERCP was shown to be acceptably feasible and safe in infants and children.
Prospective Audit of Gentamicin Drug Monitoring Practice in a Pediatric Cancer Center
Authors: Herberger Sarah , Oberkircher Nadine , Wenzel Gentiana I. , Hecker Dietmar , Wagenpfeil Gudrun , Furtwängler Rhoikos , Becker Sören L. , Papan Cihan , Graf Norbert , Simon Arne
Published: February 2021

Hintergrund Gentamicin kommt in vielen pädiatrisch onkologischen Behandlungszentren in der Erstlinien-Kombinationstherapie bei Fieber und Granulozytopenie zum Einsatz. Seit 2011 verwenden wir hierzu eine Dosierung von 250 mg/m2 KOF (max. 10 mg/kg, max. 400 mg) als tgl. Einmalgabe nach der deutschen Leitlinie.

Patienten und Methoden In diesem prospektiven Audit (Februar 2011 – Dezember 2019) wurden bei 66 kinderonkologischen Patienten 105 Gentamicin-Zyklen in Hinblick auf die Adhärenz zum Dosierungsstandard und auf die Ergebnisse des Drug Monitorings analysiert.

Ergebnisse Die Adhärenz mit dem neuen Dosierungsschema war hoch (89%). In 64% der Zyklen wurde ein Spitzenspiegel (1 h nach der 2. Gabe) im Zielbereich (Cmax; 10–20 µg/ml) erreicht. Cmax korrelierte signifikant mit der Dosis in mg/m2 KOF (p=0,007), jedoch nicht mit der Dosis in mg/kg (p=0,366). Ein Lebensalter unter 6 Jahre beeinflusste dieses Ergebnis nicht. Der Gentamicin Ctrough (8–10 h nach der zweiten Gabe) lag in 93% der Zyklen unter 2 µg/ml und korrelierte nicht mit der Dosis. Kein Patient in diesem Audit erfüllte die Kriterien für eine Gentamicin-assoziierte Nephrotoxizität.

Diskussion und Schlussfolgerung Dieses prospektive Audit der tgl. Einmalgabe von Gentamicin bei nierengesunden pädiatrisch-onkologischen Patienten bestätigt die praktische Anwendbarkeit und Sicherheit der Dosierung in mg/m2 nach der deutschen Leitlinie. Aufgrund der eingeschränkten Indikationen für Gentamicin in der Erstlinientherapie ist eine prospektive multizentrische Studie zur Bestätigung dieser Beobachtungen wünschenswert.
PCDH12-Related Movement Disorder
Authors: Reddy Chaithanya , Paria Pradip , Bhanudeep Singanamalla , Bhatia Vikas , Saini Arushi G.
Published: February 2021

Protocadherin 12 (PCDH12) is a member of a nonclustered group of cell surface proteins. Mutations in the PCDH12 gene can cause varied phenotypes ranging from epilepsy and movement disorders to congenital malformations and calcifications in neuroimaging. We discussed here a 14-year-old male patient with a movement disorder that mimicked dyskinetic cerebral palsy in the outpatient department; however, exome sequencing revealed a homozygous premature stop codon in exon 1 of the PCDH12(−) gene. The case highlights the importance of careful clinical examination to look for the features that do not match an assigned neurological syndrome and the need for follow-up neuroimaging to look for any progressive changes in all cases of unexplained movement disorder and intellectual impairment.
The social gradient in smoking: individual behaviour, norms and nicotine dependence in the later stages of the cigarette epidemic
Authors: Östergren Olof
Published: February 2021

The cigarette epidemic tends to develop in a similar pattern across diverse populations in different parts of the world. First, the prevalence of smoking increases, then it plateaus and finally it declines. The decline in smoking prevalence tends to be more pronounced in higher social strata. The later stages of the cigarette epidemic are characterized by emerging and persisting socioeconomic gradients in smoking. Due to its detrimental health consequences, smoking has been the subject of extensive research in a broad range of academic disciplines. I draw on literature from both the social and medical sciences in order to develop a model in which physiological nicotine dependence, individual smoking behaviour and norms surrounding smoking in the immediate social environment are related through reflexive processes. I argue that the emergence and persistence of social gradients in smoking at the later stages of the cigarette epidemic can be attributed to a combination of the pharmacological properties of nicotine, network homophily and the unequal distribution of material and non-material resources across social strata.
Minimizing energy loss in two-dimensional tin halide perovskite solar cells—A perspective
Authors: Zhang Tao , Sun Qiang , Zhang Xiaoli , Shen Yan , Wang Mingkui
Published: February 2021

Tin halide perovskites have desirable photoelectric properties but are very fragile to an oxidizing atmosphere. This represents a great challenge for their full practical potential in photovoltaic technologies. To address this issue, here, we disclose the interplay among dimensionality, stability, and photovoltaic performance of two-dimensional tin halide perovskites and their application in solar cells, whereby the trade-off between power conversion efficiency and stability of the devices can be finely tuned using bulky organic cations with different sizes and functionalities. The current challenges and a future outlook of two-dimensional tin halide perovskite solar cells are discussed as well. This Perspective may give readers a better understanding of two-dimensional tin halide perovskites.
An efficient solution for correlative microscopy and co-localized observations based on multiscale multimodal machine-readable nanoGPS tags
Authors: Acher Olivier , Nguyên Thanh-Liêm , Podzorov Alexander , Leroy Matthieu , Carles Pierre-Alix , Legendre Sébastien
Published: February 2021

For a long time, investigating the same regions of interest of a sample with different instruments has been recognized as a very useful approach in various scientific fields. This paper presents an original solution for spotting the same points of interest with a high degree of accuracy and simplicity using different microscopes. It is based on small patterned tags fixed to the samples or their substrates. The patterns include an image-based position-sensing technology, for which an image of a small part of the tag can be automatically converted to absolute coordinates and angular orientation. Taking a single snapshot of the tag with an imaging instrument provides a correspondence between the sample and the coordinates of the moving stage. Co-localized observations performed with scanning electron microscopes, optical microscopes, and Raman microscopes are presented. The accuracy is in the range of a few µm up to 20 µm, which is generally sufficient to remove any ambiguity between the observed objects. The different contributions to colocalization errors are investigated experimentally and it is shown that errors related to the tags are negligible and that the main source of error is related to the accuracy of the moving stages integrated into the microscopes. A straightforward estimation of the relocalization error can be performed. It is believed that this solution will save researchers time and facilitate cooperation between laboratories.
YAG:Yb crystal with non-linear doping ions distribution as promising active element for high average power laser systems
Authors: Petrov V A , Petrov V V , Kuptsov G V , Laptev A V , Galutskiy V V , Stroganova E V
Published: February 2021

The influence of optical centers concentration profiles on thermal fields under high-power end-face diode pumping is analyzed using numerical model. It is shown that non-uniform distribution profiles of optical centers concentration are very promising for high average pump power laser amplifiers. The possibility of creating concentration profiles of optical centers in gradient-activated crystals with YAG matrix with a specified distribution along the growth axis of the crystal is demonstrated. A technology of growing gradient-activated single crystal involving active mirror as active element is proposed and discussed.
Quasi-monochromatic spectral emission characteristics from electron collision with tightly focused laser pulses
Authors: Zhuang Jiawei , Yan Yilv , Zhou Xi , Chen Zujie , Ren Shanling , Tian Youwei
Published: February 2021

The nonlinear Thomson backscattering of electrons interacting with a circularly polarized laser pulse is studied by using the single-electron model. By means of theoretical analysis and computer simulation, the influence of the central collision place and the beam waist radius on the spectral characteristics of the scattered light are discussed. It is indicated that the spectrum is nonlinear broadened as a result of redshifting of the Thomson scattered frequency. Only when the central collision point is set at a proper place under the tight focusing situation, can quasi-monochromatic x-rays be generated. Taking into account the requirements for the radiation intensity of scattered light, the optimum situation to generate quasi-monochromatic x-rays is explored. In addition, we find that the spectral and angular distribution of the backscattered light do not vary with azimuth angle.
19 × 1 high power pump combiner with large input core diameter
Authors: Zhang Hui , Lei Chengmin , Li Zhixian , Chen Zilun
Published: February 2021

In this paper, we investigate a 19 × 1 tapered fiber bundle (TFB) pump combiner for high power fiber lasers theoretically and experimentally, based on the twist method. Theoretically, we analyze the influence of the taper length, taper ratio and twist angle on the performance of a 19 × 1 TFB combiner by using the beam propagation method. Then, a 19 × 1 all-fiber combiner is fabricated experimentally, with input fibers and output fiber having core/clad diameter of 220/242 μm (numerical aperture (NA) = 0.22) and 30/600 μm (NA = 0.06/0.46) respectively. The transmission efficiency of each port is higher than 98.6% and the average efficiency of all 19 ports is 99.3%. The combiner achieved an output power of 1.5 kW with transmission efficiency of 99.3% when tested with four ports of 976 nm laser diode. To our best knowledge, this is the first time that 220/242 μm (NA = 0.22) multimode fibers act as the pump fibers of a 19 × 1 end-pumping combiner.
Towards chronic deep brain stimulation in freely moving hemiparkinsonian rats: applicability and functionality of a fully implantable stimulation system
Authors: Apetz Nadine , Paralikar Kunal , Neumaier Bernd , Drzezga Alexander , Wiedermann Dirk , Iyer Rajesh , Munns Gordon , Scott Erik , Timmermann Lars , Endepols Heike
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objective. This study aimed at investigating a novel fully implantable deep brain stimulation (DBS) system and its ability to modulate brain metabolism and behavior through subthalamic nucleus (STN) stimulation in a hemiparkinsonian rat model. Approach. Twelve male rats were unilaterally lesioned with 6-hydroxydopamine in the medial forebrain bundle and received a fully implantable DBS system aiming at the ipsilesional STN. Each rat underwent three cylinder tests to analyze front paw use: a PRE test before any surgical intervention, an OFF test after surgery but before stimulation onset and an ON test under DBS. To visualize brain glucose metabolism in the awake animal, two [18F]FDG scans were conducted in the OFF and ON condition. At least 4 weeks after surgery, an [18F]FDOPA scan was used to check for dopaminergic integrity. Main results. In general, STN DBS increased [18F]FDG uptake ipsilesionally and decreased it contralesionally. More specifically, bilateral orbitofrontal cortex, ipsilateral caudate putamen, sensorimotor cortex and nucleus accumbens showed significantly higher tracer uptake in ON compared to OFF condition. Contralateral cingulate and secondary motor cortex, caudate putamen, amygdala, hippocampus, retrosplenial granular cortex, superior colliculus, and parts of the cerebellum exhibited significantly higher [18F]FDG uptake in the OFF condition. On the behavioral level, stimulation was able improve use of the contralesional affected front paw suggesting an effective stimulation produced by the implanted system. Significance. The fully implantable stimulation system developed by us and presented here offers the output of arbitrary user-defined waveforms, patterns and stimulation settings and allows tracer accumulation in freely moving animals. It is therefore a suitable device for implementing behavioral PET studies. It contributes immensely to the possibilities to characterize and unveil the effects and mechanisms of DBS offering valuable clues for future improvements of this therapy.
Almost Strongly Nncθe-continuous Functions
Authors: Sudha V. , Vadivel A. , Tamilselvan S.
Published: February 2021

We introduce and investigate a new class of functions called almost strongly Nnceθ-continuous functions via Nnce-open sets in Nnc
topological spaces. Also, some equivalent condition of almost strongly Nnceθ-continuous functions are proved.
CITD-number for some graph operations
Authors: Vimala Suganthi M. , Mahadeven G.
Published: February 2021

G. Mahadevan. et. al. initiated the concept of CITD-number. The set S ⊆ V is said to be Complementary independent twin paired dominating set, if S is a paired dominating set and < V − S > is a set of independent edges. The minimum cardinality taken over all the Complementary independent twin paired dominating set is called as Complementary independent twin paired domination number and it is denoted by CITD(G). We investigate this parameter for some graph operations.
Hesitant Fuzzy Co-tautological Sets using →implication
Authors: Lalitha K.
Published: February 2021

In this paper, I study some properties of hesitant fuzzy Co-tautological sets using hesitant fuzzy implication operator.
Zagreb Indices of Vertex Based on IB Product
Authors: Pattabiraman K. , Suganya T.
Published: February 2021

A topological index is a numerical representation of a chemical structure which correlates certain physico-chemical characteristic of chemical compounds besides its numerical values. Zagreb index is the first degree based topological index which is proposed by Gutman et al.[2]in 1972. In this paper, we obtain the exact formulae for the Zagreb indices of new types and its coindices of two new types of graph operation based on indhu-bala product which is defined by Indulal and Balakrishnan [4] in 2016.
Novel Synthesis of NE, N′E-4,4′-sulfonylbis(N-(substituted-dichlorobenzylidene) anilines derivative their application biological and DFT studies
Authors: Enbaraj E. , Dhineshkumar E. , Jeyashri K. R. , Logeshwari G. , Ramya Devi V. J. , Manikandan H. , Seenivasan M. , Rajathi V. , Chakkaravarthy J. , Govindaraju R.
Published: February 2021

The structure of synthesized compounds has been established on the basis of their spectral (FT-IR, 1H&13C NMR and Mass) data. The purity of the compounds was confirmed by TLC. The compounds 1-3 were evaluated for their in vitro activity against several microbes. Compound 1-3 exhibited potent antibacterial activity with the reference standard ciprofloxacin and fluconazol. In the ground-state, compounds 1-3 molecular geometries were determined using the DFT based on B3LYP/6-31G(d, p) and compared to the experimental results. In addition, compounds 1-3, MEP maps and molecular frontier orbitals were performed, and the results obtained were compatible with the electronic properties.
The performance of salt farmer’s windmill from Demak for water pumping with low-speed centrifugal pump
Authors: Dio Zevalukito S , Lukiyanto Y B
Published: February 2021

Wind energy is a renewable energy source. Windmill generally used to convert shaft power to electrical power for battery charging. Another benefit of wind energy is wind power for pumping, which usually called windpump. Indonesian salt farmer uses traditional windmill for pumping water for salt production process. The piston lever of the reciprocating pump is directly connected to the windmill shaft. This study will discuss the performance of salt farmer windmills from Demak region with a low-speed centrifugal pump. The variation used in this study is the number of blades on the windmill. There are four blades and two blades. Windmill shaft rotation connected to the AC generator shaft with permanent magnet and then produce electricity. The electric power from the AC generator connected to the DC electric motor, then the DC electric motor rotating the low-speed centrifugal pump. Data required for this study are wind speed, windmill’s shaft speed, and volume flow rate. The results are at wind speed between 2 – 4.5 m/s, a windmill with four blades and two blades has 0.13 liter/s and 0.21 liter/s. The daily average volume for four blades and two blades has 2901.6 liters and 4492.8 liters. The maximum of total efficiency of the windpump system with four and two blades is 34.06% and 37.32%.
Symmetric-Centro Symmetric Fuzzy Matrices
Authors: Punithavalli G.
Published: February 2021

In this paper, I acquaint with the thought of Centro-Symmetric using Fuzzy matrices (FM). Also I discuss the characterizations of symmetric, skew-symmetric, centro-symmetric and skew centro-symmetric Fuzzy matrices. Further I discuss some properties of the compact form of K-Centro symmetric matrices.
On Some Properties of Totally Irregular And Neighbourly Totally Irregular Hesitancy Fuzzy Graphs
Authors: Anantha Kanaga Jothi K. , Balsangu K.
Published: February 2021

In this paper, we introduce the concept of Totally Irregular Hesitancy Fuzzy Graphs and study the basic properties of totally irregular Hesitancy Fuzzy Graphs. We establish the relationship between the totally irregular, neighbourly totally irregular and highly totally irregular Hesitancy Fuzzy Graph..
New Ideas and Methods of Power System Planning in Market Economy
Authors: Wang Yue , Fang Bing , Feng Kaijian , Zheng Lijuan
Published: February 2021

With the deepening of domestic market economy, power plants and power grid companies are gradually separated from each other. The power generation company and the grid company participate in the power commodity trading in the market together with the users. In market economy, it is of great significance to make plan for power system, which directly affects the local economic development and maximizes the economic benefits of enterprises. There are new influencing factors in power system planning, in which the proportion of uncertain factors is relatively high, so that it upgrades the difficulty of power system planning. Therefore, the author first reorients the power system planning in market economy, followed by the analysis of the new evaluation criteria for power system planning, and then analyzes the ideas and methods of power system planning in market economy.
Influence of Coaxiality Deviation on Double-aperture Transmitter System in Wireless Laser Communication
Authors: Zhai Xuhua , Feng Suli
Published: February 2021

In order to study the influence of the coaxiality deviation on the received energy of the double-aperture transmission system in weak turbulence. The models of single and double-aperture transmission system are introduced, and the received energy of each link is calculated. Based on the interval of the link received energy, the coaxial deviation range and the angle variation of the double-aperture transmission system are calculated, and the effect factors of the different link distance and aperture spacing on coaxial deviation are also analyzed.
Resistance Welded Joint of TI6AL4V Alloy-PEI/GF Composite Reinforced By Candle Soot Coating
Authors: Wang Daosheng , Cui Xu , Dong Jiapeng , Deng Yingfan , Tian Lin
Published: February 2021

PEI/GF lamination and TI6AL4V alloy are often related to the poor wettability of PEI to TI6AL4V alloy at the interface layer. To overcome these problems, an in situ synthetic candle soot reinforcing coating on TI6AL4V alloy was added into the place of the bonding area. The mechanical properties of composite joints were evaluated by single lap shear strength (LSS) tensile test. The mechanism of strengthening TI6AL4V-PEI/GF joint by candle ash was compared.
Research on 3D Reconstruction methods Based on Binocular Structured Light Vision
Authors: Han Ruilu , Yan Hongjuan , Ma Liping
Published: February 2021

There are many studies on 3D reconstruction based on monocular vision, but for complex surface parts, contour occlusion problems will occur, which requires binocular or multi-eye vision for 3D reconstruction. This paper mainly uses binocular structured light vision to study 3D reconstruction. The specific methods are: use structured light coding to calibrate the binocular camera, the projector and the left and right cameras to obtain the calibration parameters, and then obtain the 3D coordinates based on the triangulation principle that there is only one intersection between the camera straight line equation and the projector plane equation in space. Because of the binocular structured light used in this article, the point clouds of the left and right cameras need to be merged to complete the stitching process of the two points clouds. Through the verification of this methods, the stitching error is good, and the point cloud can be streamlined later to improve the point cloud registration rate.
Management and Control Platform of Auxiliary Drugs Based on Big Data
Authors: Wang Shasha , Wang Huixia , Miao Miaomiao , Li Juan , Gu Dianjie , Ding Li
Published: February 2021

In recent years, with the introduction of national, provincial and municipal policies, rules and regulations, and the introduction of big data technology, drug control personnel have further increased their awareness of data. However, in practice, how to carefully control drugs and make full use of big data technology to improve the level of control has become a new confusion for drug control personnel. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to study the platform of auxiliary drug control based on big data. Based on the actual situation of drug use, this paper analyzes the main problems in the process of drug control, and designs an auxiliary drug control platform based on big data. The auxiliary drug management and control platform based on big data proposed in this paper can collect data in real time, comprehensively analyze all kinds of information, and realize intelligent management and improve the efficiency of each specific application scenario. In this paper, through the research of drug use management and control platform, doctors can get scientific guidance in formulating drug use plan, and the efficiency of drug query is improved by about 80% compared with the traditional plan. At the same time, the drug use plan can be improved in time according to the patient’s illness development in the process of drug use, which promotes the rational and standardized clinical application of drugs.
Design of Print Creation System Based on Digitization
Authors: Song Yongjun , Liao Xiayan
Published: February 2021

In recent years, China’s digital technology has been rapid development, the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries through digital technology is one of the current mainstream trends. In this context, a new concept of digital art is put forward, and the traditional art creation forms affected by this have been completely changed, which also includes print creation. However, there are still many deficiencies in the existing digital print creation system. Therefore, this paper puts forward the design and research of digital print creation system. This paper makes a detailed investigation on the main advantages of digital technology on print creation. Through the survey results, it can be seen that the use of digital technology can enrich the color and form, make the picture more realistic, enhance the artistic value, enhance the function application, create more efficient, and create more novel and so on. However, there are still some shortcomings in the existing creation system, such as poor painting effect, lack of originality and novelty. Therefore, this paper optimizes and improves the digital print creation system. The traditional inertia thinking is broken through genetic algorithm, and personalized optimization is carried out according to the characteristics of print creation, which not only simplifies the calculation steps, but also improves the calculation accuracy. In order to further verify the effectiveness of this method, this paper compares the traditional methods and analyzes the final synthesis effect. The experimental results show that the signal-to-noise ratio of the print image processed by this method is much higher than that of the traditional method, which proves the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Design of Flipped Classroom Mode for Ideological and Political Education Based on Online Multimedia Platform
Authors: Liu Jiao
Published: February 2021

With the rapid development of educational resources and electronic information equipment, the teaching effect presented by the traditional ideological and political education model has been unsatisfactory. At present, in terms of classroom teaching mode, there is still a lack of interaction between students and between teachers and students in the classroom. Multimedia is only a tool to unilaterally display teaching content, and does not exert greater value. This leads to a lack of learning autonomy of students and poor learning effects. Therefore, this article combines the actual situation of ideological and political education, introduces the concept of network multimedia platform to carry out the application design of the flipped classroom mode, and establishes a new ideological and political education system with the help of the network learning platform, sets research tasks and learning goals for students, and improves them Self-learning ability and interest in course learning. Based on this, this article sets up an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group uses the flipped classroom model to carry out ideological and political education, and the control group uses the traditional classroom teaching model to carry out ideological and political education. The comparative analysis of the questionnaire shows that the classroom teaching model of ideological and political education based on the online multimedia platform can effectively improve the enthusiasm of students’ learning and activity participation.
Comparison Research on Different Mitigation Strategies of Supply Chain under Supply Disruption Scenarios
Authors: Lu Jianchang , Zhang Qing , Fan Weiguo
Published: February 2021

With the rapid development of economic globalization, global procurement and supply, lean on-time production and other methods have been widely used. The single competition between enterprises turns into the competition between supply chain and supply chain. However, the occurrence of natural disasters, terrorist attacks and the game and coupling of the internal structure of the supply chain make the supply chain encounter the interruption crisis in the process. Therefore, studying different mitigation strategies for the interruption of node locations in the supply chain is particularly important. In this paper, supply interruption cases are designed, and the simulation models of the dual-chain one-way coordination strategy mode and the dual-chain multi-node two-way coordination strategy mode are constructed by combining system dynamics. The dynamic operation mechanism of supply chain system with different mitigation strategies is deduced by two indexes of “inventory level” and “order accumulation rate”. The results show that the “dual-chain multi-node two-way coordination strategy” has the best performance in improving the defense ability of node enterprises.
The Layout Optimization of Non-Fossil Power Long-Term Goals and Impact on China’s Power Sector-Based on Multi-Objective Preference
Authors: Qin Jun-Peng , Dai Yao
Published: February 2021

With more and more investment in renewable energy and the earlier retirement of coal-fired energy infrastructure, the low-carbon transition will lead to higher costs for reshaping the power system. In order to obtain the impact of low-carbon transition in China’s power sector under different preferences, this article analyzes the optimal path of the power sector under four scenario preferences based on China’s long-term non-fossil energy target. The results show that in 2040, UHV DC transmission technology of 800KV and 1000KV will dominate the cross-regional transmission system with an ultra-high proportion of over 90%. The newly built transmission capacity in the northwest will exceed 200GW in each scenario. Relying on UHV lines, the country’s installed capacity for clean energy will increase to 66%. The total installed capacity of wind and solar is concentrated in the Three Norths, accounting for 77%, and nuclear power is mainly concentrated in East China, accounting for 43.9%.