bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
When Microscopes Get Cooler: High Resolution Imaging of Cold Biology in Physiological Conditions
Authors: Marty Anne-Pia , Ward Edward , Clark Melody , Peck Lloyd , Kaminski Clemens
Published: September 2024

Traditional optical microscopy faces limitations in observing samples requiring cold conditions due to heat transfer and condensation. We present a method for super-resolution optical microscopy at circa-0°C, for studying cell biology in the cold.
Single shot spatial frequency modulation for imaging
Authors: Cottrell Seth , Scarbrough Daniel , Czerski John , Adams Dan , Squier Jeff , Bartels Randy
Published: September 2024

Imaging with spatial frequency modulation for imaging (SPIFI) is pushed to the limits of imaging speed and detection sensitivity. Images are captured with a single 30-fs pulse. Signal sensitivity is improved through photon counting detection.
Improving Optical Sectioning in Wide-field Two-Photon Excitation Microscopy using Random Illumination
Authors: Li Xiangyi , Benachir Assia , Heuke Sandro , Rigneault Hervé , Sentenac Anne
Published: September 2024

Wide-field two-photon microscopy using a collimated excitation is plagued by poor optical sectioning. In this work, we show analytically that exciting the sample with randomly varying speckled illuminations could significantly improve the optical sectioning ability while keeping the same large Field of View.
Observing Spatially-Varying Elliptical Retardance in the Living Human Eye
Authors: Kupinski Meredith , Jarecki Quinn
Published: September 2024

Mueller polarimetry is used to solve for optimal polariscopic contrast of the human eye. The birefringent cornea produces patterns of retardance exceeding a half wave with a fast-axis varying from linear, circular, and elliptical states.
Angular dependence of scattering coefficients of brain tissues determined by wide-field time-of-flight measurements
Authors: Stefanov André , Tijkorte Pascal , Hannink Gijs , Frenz Martin
Published: September 2024

We present the angle-resolved determination of the scattering coefficients of white and gray matter in brain from wide-field time-of-flight measurements with a time-resolved single-photon camera.
Spectroscopic imaging from UV to thermal IR
Authors: Valentini Gianluca , Corti Matteo , Preda Fabrizio , Perri Antonio , Ghirardello Marta , Polli Dario , Ballada Ondřej , Barta Čestmír , Chorust Lukáš , Ardini Benedetto , Candeo Alessia , Comelli Daniela , Cerullo Giulio , Manzoni Cristian
Published: September 2024

A class of hyperspectral imaging systems operating on an extremely wide spectral range has been developed based on a new compact and reliable interferometer. The systems are portable and feature high throughput and low noise.
Wide-field microplastic identification based on spectrum and deep learning
Authors: Chen Jingyan , Li Yuxing , Huang Jianqing , Lam Edmund Y.
Published: September 2024

We present a wide-field dispersion system to capture spectral images with low cost and real-time imaging capability. The system demonstrates a high level of accuracy in identifying microplastic materials.
Imaging Snapshot Spectrometers enabled with 2-Photon Polymerization based Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Tkaczyk Tomasz S , Lu Jiawei , Cao Haimu
Published: September 2024

The work presents examples of two imaging spectrometers enabled with 2-Photon Polymerization 3D printing. The presented spectrometers are field integral devices and image reorganization is achieved with high density waveguide array (waveguide spectrometer) or multifaceted, multi-angle mirror array respectively (Image Mapping Spectrometer - IMS). Fabricated components allow void spaces between image points dedicated for spectral information. High precision and repeatability of the fabricated components simplifies system calibration, improved image quality allows and more compact systems implementations.
Three-Dimensional Sparse Lattices for High-Throughput Fluorescence Microscopy
Authors: Chuman Victor , Milojković Filip , Van Dorpe Pol , Verellen Niels
Published: September 2024

We propose using sparse optical lattices to enable the design of structured illumination microscopy systems based on photonic integrated circuits (PIC). We show simulations of sample lattices and their application to digital confocal microscopy.
High-resolution 3D Reconstruction of Two-photon Synthetic Aperture Microscopy Under Spatially Mismatched Sparse Sampling
Authors: Zhao Zhifeng , Gao Tianhong , Zhou Yiliang , Fan Jiaqi , Wu Jiamin , Dai Qionghai
Published: September 2024

Harnessing the two-photon synthetic aperture microscopy (2pSAM), we achieved high-quality 3D reconstruction, even with quadruple downsampling. This method fully utilizes the information redundancy inherent in four-dimensional spatial and angular scanning.
PreciFree: a multiphoton slide scanner for Histopathology
Authors: Paingad Vaisakh Chelod , Dong Zhetao , Märsch Thomas , Zalvidea Dobryna
Published: September 2024

A multiphoton slide scanner, PreciFree, that generates label-free two-photon and three-photon autofluorescence, and second and third harmonic generation images is introduced. Whole slide images can be generated in less than 5 min for Clinical Pathology.
Nanoscale polarized imaging in 3D
Authors: Herrera Isael , Aleman-Castaneda Luis A. , Alonso Miguel A. , Brasselet Sophie
Published: September 2024

We present an experimental approach to measure the complete characteristics of 3D-oriented optical dipoles at nanoscales, including spin and depolarization. We detect electric-induced dipoles in gold nanoparticles and fluorophores.
Computational adaptative optics harmonic generation synthetic aperture holographic microscopy
Authors: Bartels Randy , Farah Yusef , Pinaud Olivier
Published: September 2024

Computational adaptive optical imaging is demonstrated with synthetic spatial frequency aperture second harmonic generation and synthetic spatial apertures third harmonic generation holographic imaging. Aberration free amplitude and phase images are obtained.
True Definition of Carrier Frequency for Digital Holograms of Phase Objects
Authors: Goyal Nishant , Khare Kedar
Published: September 2024

We show that the centroid of power spectrum of cross-term offers a more reliable definition of carrier-fringe-frequency compared to the popularly used cross-term amplitude peak criterion and leads to the least fluctuating complex object wave.
Comparative Performance Analysis of Multi-level Diffractive Lens and Lens Fabricated by Grayscale Lithography and Soft-imprinting
Authors: Amata Hadi , Fu Qiang , Heidrich Wolfgang
Published: September 2024

Grayscale Diffractive Optical Elements (DOEs) offer superior versatility and precision in shaping light fields compared to multi-level D OEs. Its continuous grayscale modulation enables finer control, leading to enhanced performance in various optical applications.
Camera-readable scales for motion control in automation and robotic applications
Authors: Acher Olivier , Milliez Grégoire
Published: September 2024

We present patterned position scales to measure displacements with great accuracy over short or long distances along three in-plane degrees of freedom. These scales can be read using any machine vision camera.
Impact of Stray Light on Image Quality in LWIR Imaging Systems
Authors: Yeon H. N. , Hong D. K. , Lee C. , Choi S. H. , Lee J. H. , Park K. W.
Published: September 2024

We conducted an analysis of stray light in long-wave infrared cameras and, through the photoelectric conversion model, converted it into digital numbers to quantitatively assess the image degradation caused by stray light.
Stray Light Analysis of K-DRIFT Pathfinder
Authors: Kim Jihun , Kim Yunjong , Lee Gayoung , Chang Seunghyuk , Moon Il Kweon , Kwon Hyukson , Kim Dohoon , Lee Changhee , Byun Woowon , Lee Yongseok , Kim Yeonsik , Kim Daewook , Ko Jongwan
Published: September 2024

We analyze the stray light characteristics of the Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI) Deep Rolling Imaging Fast Telescope (K-DRIFT) using non-sequential raytracing, identify causes, and propose optimal baffle-and-vain design updates to improve the scientific observation performance of the K-DRIFT. (tel: +82 402.416.6191, email: jihun@ksai.re.kr).
Imaging the Energy Deposited by a 20 MeV Proton Beam using a Commercial Liquid Scintillator
Authors: Hobson Peter R. , Maxouti Maria , Bamber Jeffrey C , Long Kenneth R.
Published: September 2024

To image the three-dimensional distribution of the energy deposited by a 20 MeV proton beam in a radiobiological phantom we have simulated, using non-sequential raytracing, the visible light emitted by a commercial liquid scintillator.
Intelligent Vision System optimization through end-to-end simulation
Authors: Buquet Julie , Parent Jocelyn , Roulet Patrice , Thibault Simon
Published: September 2024

As more and more cameras are dedicated to machine perception applications, we present an end-to-end vision system simulation pipeline to redefine key performance indicators when cameras are used alongside machine learning algorithms.
Image restoration via learning on a digital twin for multi-core fiber endoscopy
Authors: Wang Tijue , Dremel Jakob , Richter Sven , Polanski Witold , Uckermann Ortrud , Eyüpoglu Ilker , Czarske Jürgen W. , Kuschmierz Robert
Published: September 2024

Fiber endoscopy has great potential in all-optical biopsies but suffers fiber-specific distortions. We propose a method based on deep learning and digital twins for image reconstruction with a few training samples to enable clinical transfer.
Noise Amplification and Ill-convergence of Richardson-Lucy Deconvolution
Authors: Liu Yiming , Panezai Spozmai , Wang Yutong , Stallinga Sjoerd
Published: September 2024

Richardson-Lucy deconvolution can offer an increase in contrast, but converges poorly, and is sensitive to noise. We show that the Cramér Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) diverges, which explains the problematic behaviour.
Integration of Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging and Subcutaneous Vein Imaging for Multimodal Optical Imaging
Authors: Ko Donghwan , Yu Hyunseon , Jung Byungjo
Published: September 2024

An integration optical imaging system of laser speckle contrast image and subcutaneous vein image was developed for non-invasive real-time imaging, enhancing blood flow and vessel visualization. The system was evaluated on vascular optical tissue phantom.
Designing metasurface optical interfaces for solid-state qubits using many-body adjoint shape optimization
Authors: Klein Amelia R. , Engheta Nader , Bassett Lee C.
Published: September 2024

We present a general strategy for the inverse design of metasurfaces composed of elementary shapes. We use it to design a structure that collects and collimates light from nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond. Such metasurfaces constitute scalable optical interfaces for solid-state qubits, enabling efficient photon coupling into optical fibers and eliminating free-space collection optics. The many-body shape optimization strategy is a practical alternative to topology optimization that explicitly enforces material and fabrication constraints throughout the optimization, while still achieving high performance. The metasurface is easily adaptable to other solid-state qubits, and the optimization method is broadly applicable to fabrication-constrained photonic design problems.
Optimization of vertical coupling induced by 45° micro-mirrors in double-layer polymer optical waveguides with CO2 laser smoothing
Authors: Zhang Fang , Dend Chuanlu , Huang Yi , Zhang Qi , Zhang Xiaobei , Wang Tingyun
Published: September 2024

The vertical coupling performance induced by 45° micro-mirrors in double-layer polymer optical waveguides is enhanced through CO2 laser smoothing. The optimal double- layer waveguides were designed via ray-tracing simulation. The results show that the minimum vertical coupling loss is 0.28 dB for the upper-layer waveguide and 0.40 dB for the lower-layer waveguide with a core size of 42 µm × 42 µm. A vertical coupling model considering the roughness of 45° micro-mirrors indicates that the surface roughness should be less than 100 nm to ensure a vertical coupling loss of less than 1 dB. The 45° micro-mirrors in double-layer polymer optical waveguides were fabricated using a combination of ultraviolet lithography and stepped laser-ablation method. CO2 laser smoothing at 0.6 W for 40 s reduces the average roughness of the micro-mirrors by 16.67 nm. The vertical coupling loss induced by the micro- mirrors treated with CO2 laser smoothing was measured as 2.89 dB at 850 nm and 1.29 dB at 1310 nm using a 50-µm core multi-mode fiber receiver. This is significantly lower than the average vertical coupling loss of 5.47 dB at 850 nm and 2.50 dB at 1310 nm induced by untreated 45° micro-mirrors. This straightforward and effective method for fabricating and optimizing 45° micro-mirrors holds significant potential for application in vertical coupling within optical printed circuit board (OPCB) interconnection technologies.
Generation controllable optical chain using an optical pen
Authors: Ji Pengfei , Li Fajing , Yu Xinyang , Chen Keli , Zhuang Wei , Ma Jun , Yuan Caojin
Published: September 2024

An aperiodic snake-like optical chain has been proposed and generated by using an optical pen technique, whose numbers and positions of focal points are controllable. Moreover, by introducing a fan phase together with a twisted phase into the optical pen technique, a self-rotation optical chain can be obtained; meanwhile, it transforms the bright optical chain into a twisted optical chain with a rotating hollow region in a three-dimensional (3D) space. The properties of the rotatable focal points and the variable diameters of cross-sectional intensities during the propagation of the optical chain are demonstrated in the experimental results. Consequently, this research framework can be applied in the techniques such as deep multiplexing and rotation angle multiplexing while also enabling the realization of multiple capture sites and more intricate manipulations.
Customizing subwavelength stochastic light fields via structured spatial coherence in a high-NA resonator
Authors: Wan Lipeng , Deng Weimin , Yu Tianbao , Zhao Daomu , Korotkova Olga
Published: September 2024

Interaction of light in the high-numerical aperture (high-NA) systems is crucial for theoretical advances and applications such as superresolution imaging and optical nanofabrication. High coherence is demanded at this scale for intensity and spin profile sculpturing, since the underlying physics being wave interference. Here we report that, even for low-coherence light, 3D light features in a nanometer range can be generated by employing structured coherence states of the light beam in a high-NA resonator system. The generated structures, e.g., 3D helix intensity and transverse spin texture, can survive in rather incoherent optical fields at nanoscale. We also found that, counterintuitively, despite the substantial decrease in spatial coherence of the light field, the longitudinal electric field component and transverse spin density are instead enhanced. The applications of the observed twisted spectral density and spin structures may range from high-resolution imaging to metrology.
Simple, cost-effective, highly stable solid-state photoluminescence standard for fluorometer calibration in low-resource settings
Authors: Eger Joshua , Bailly Mark , Christen Jennifer Blain
Published: September 2024

The proposed photoluminescence calibration standard comprises a solid-state phosphor film, neutral density gel filter(s), and a 3D-printed optomechanical cartridge. The proposed standard demonstrated exceptional photostability; photoluminescence did not deviate from the baseline more than 1.27% under 5 minutes of continuous illumination. Remarkably, there was no measurable degradation over a 3-year study. Precise photoluminescence intensity modulation was accomplished with neutral density gel filters (R2 > 0.9982) and optical apertures (R2 > 0.9970). A model for photoluminescence intensity as a function of neutral-density filter and optical aperture parameters yielded a mean percentage error (MPE) of 2.79%, indicating high precision. Inter-sample variability was low, with a mean coefficient of variation (CV) of 1.32%. Mean CV across 24 channels decreased from 11.88% to 1.51% following multi-point calibration of multichannel point-of-care (POC) fluorometers. Cost analysis revealed a per-unit cost between $0.49 to $1.80. This work suggests that the proposed calibration standards provide a cost-effective, highly stable solution for reliable fluorometer calibration in low-resource settings.
Anisoplanatic Limits of Phase Compensation in Beam Control
Authors: Burrell Derek J.
Published: September 2024

This work identifies a phase-compensation p erformance limit that can arise when the seeing angle exceeds the isoplanatic angle in deep atmospheric turbulence. Beyond this limit, it implies potential for beam-control performance improvement through full-field compensation.
Tracking limitations imposed by atmospheric turbulence without adaptive-optics compensation
Authors: Kalensky Matthew , Getts Darren , Spencer Mark F.
Published: September 2024

We derive a modified fundamental tracking frequency, which is applicable for beam-control systems that do not employ adaptive-optics compensation. We show that if higher-order aberrations are not compensated, there are diminishing returns on tracking faster than the modified fundamental tracking frequency.
Estimates of C n 2 in the open ocean from the MREP 20 Sea Trial.
Authors: Bos Jeremy P.
Published: September 2024

Using data from the MREP 20 sea trial I evaluate the index of refraction based on temperature and salinity measurements. The index of refraction structure function is estimated pointwise between measurements at 0.5 increments and the structure constant found to be between 10 to the -16 to -13 with units of meters to the -13/6.
Spatial and Temporal Study of Controlled Underwater Optical Turbulence from Synchronous Measurements
Authors: Avramov-Zamurovic Svetlana , Ferlic Nathaniel A. , Kelly Thomas , O’Malley Owen , Judd K. Peter
Published: September 2024

We experimentally record intensity of laser light at the pupil and focal planes after propagation through underwater optical turbulence. We study the temporal and spatial properties of intensity correlations and angle of arrival fluctuations.
Improvements to the Stacked Beacon TARDIS Analysis
Authors: Wilson Benjamin , Bose-Pillai Santasri , McCrae Jack , Zuraski Steven , Fiorino Steven
Published: September 2024

Improvements to the Turbulence and Aerosol Research Dynamic Interrogation System (TARDIS) analysis are presented. This includes accounting for square sub-apertures and advanced noise reduction. Low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) still presents challenges for accurate turbulence profiling.
Laser Beacon Laboratory Surrogate Source
Authors: Schmidt Jason D. , Drye Richard J. , Tellez Jason A. , Magee Eric P. , Ngwele Amy M. , Liebig Carl M.
Published: September 2024

When laser beacons are sensed with a wavefront sensor, their finite extent often affects the measurements. We discuss development of a surrogate beacon source for laboratory usage when on-sky experiments are unavailable or impractical.
Optimising Optical Ground Station Locations for Satellite Communications through Atmospheric Turbulence with Adaptive Optics Mitigation
Authors: Farley Ollie J.D , Osborn James
Published: September 2024

Optimisation of a hypothetical network of optical ground stations in Europe is presented, including outages from both cloud and atmospheric turbulence, with detailed simulation of turbulence mitigation by adaptive optics under diverse turbulence conditions.
Characterization of the Dome Seeing of the Giant Magellan Telescope with Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Conan R. , Vogiatzis K. , Fitzpatrick H.
Published: September 2024

The image quality of ground based telescopes is limited by atmospheric turbulence. The turbulence inside the dome of the telescopes, or dome seeing, accounts for a significant fraction of the image degradation. The Giant Magellan Telescope (GMT) is using extensively computational fluid dynamics simulations, to investigate GMT dome seeing for a large set of environmental conditions.
Fine-Wire Measurements of Intermittency in Optical Turbulence near the Ground
Authors: Muschinski Andreas , Wagner Eric L.
Published: September 2024

An important characteristic of atmospheric turbulence is intermittency. Here we present and discuss fine-wire measurements of intermittency in optical turbulence near the ground.
A measure-correlate-predict approach for optical turbulence ( C n 2 ) using gradient boosting
Authors: Pierzyna Maximilian , Basu Sukanta , Saathof Rudolf
Published: September 2024

We present a machine learning-based measure-correlate-predict approach that predicts a multi-year time-series of optical turbulence strength
(C
n
2) with high accuracy (
r¯= 0.78 at 16 locations) based on a single year of in-situ
C
n
2 measurements and reanalysis data.
Next-Generation Vertical Atmospheric Optical Turbulence Monitors
Authors: Osborn J. , Bardou L. , Barrett K. , Beesley L. , Butterley T. , Farley O. , Griffiths R. , Hartley K. , Wilson R. , Bustos E. , Tokovinin A. , Le Louarn M. , Otarola A. , Birch Marcus , Bennet Francis , Travouillon T. , Alaluf D.
Published: September 2024

Routine vertical optical turbulence monitoring is generally restricted to night-time astronomical observatories. There is an increasing demand for 24hours atmospheric optical data in various environments. Here we review some of the next generation monitors.
Aerosol Extinction from Combined Micro- & Nano-Particle Counts
Authors: Fiorino Steven , Keefer Kevin , Schmidt Jaclyn , Haegele Dan , Turner Halley , Elmore Brannon , Bose-Pillai Santasri
Published: September 2024

Analysis suggests combining nanoparticle (i.e. MAGIC) and air pollution (i.e. Purple Air) micro-particle number concentrations can yield fairly accurate quantifications of aerosol scatter and absorption coefficients without having to employ larger footprint aerosol instrumentation.
Proposing a Standardized Metric for Comparing Free Space Optical Communication Systems
Authors: Mellon Samuel N. , Wells Jonathan , Kunzler Jakob , Schmidt Jason
Published: September 2024

Performance metric standardization eludes free space optical communication systems, resulting in assessment inconsistency. The authors propose that bits per joule capacity should be a standard system engineering metric for free space optical communications systems.
Fixing science means an end to gaming the system
Authors: Brown Nicholas J. L.
Published: September 2024

During the last decade, there has been a substantial acceleration in the open science movement. Most people would probably hope to have seen signs of positive change in that time, yet it seems that the process of improving the practice of science is moving at a glacial pace.
Effects of a self-guided digital mental health self-help intervention for Syrian refugees in Egypt: A pragmatic randomized controlled trial
Authors: Burchert Sebastian , Alkneme Mhd Salem , Alsaod Ammar , Cuijpers Pim , Heim Eva , Hessling Jonas , Hosny Nadine , Sijbrandij Marit , van’t Hof Edith , Ventevogel Pieter , Knaevelsrud Christine ,   on behalf of the STRENGTHS Consortium
Published: September 2024

Background

Digital mental health interventions for smartphones, such as the World Health Organization (WHO) Step-by-Step (SbS) program, are potentially scalable solutions to improve access to mental health and psychosocial support in refugee populations. Our study objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of SbS as self-guided intervention with optional message-based contact-on-demand (COD) support on reducing psychological distress, functional impairment, symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and self-identified problems in a sample of Syrian refugees residing in Egypt.

Methods and findings

We conducted a 2-arm pragmatic randomized controlled trial. A total of 538 Syrians residing in Egypt with elevated levels of psychological distress (Kessler Psychological Distress Scale; K10 > 15) and reduced psychosocial functioning (WHODAS 2.0 > 16) were randomized into SbS + CAU (N = 266) or CAU only (N = 272). Primary outcomes were psychological distress (Hopkins Symptom Checklist 25) and impaired functioning (WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0) at 3-month follow-up. Secondary outcomes were symptoms of PTSD (PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 short form, PCL-5 short) and self-identified problems (Psychological Outcomes Profiles Scale, PSYCHLOPS). Intention-to-treat (ITT) analyses showed significant but small effects of condition on psychological distress (mean difference: −0.15; 95% CI: −0.28, −0.02; p = .02) and functioning (mean difference: −2.04; 95% CI: −3.87, −0.22; p = .02) at 3-month follow-up. There were no significant differences between groups on symptoms of PTSD and self-identified problems. Remission rates did not differ between conditions on any of the outcomes. COD was used by 9.4% of participants for a median of 1 contact per person. The main limitations are high intervention dropout and low utilization of COD support.

Conclusions

The trial provides a real-world implementation case, showing small positive effects of a digital, potentially scalable and self-guided mental health intervention for Syrian refugees in Egypt in reducing psychological distress and improving overall functioning. Further user-centered adaptations are required to improve adherence and effectiveness while maintaining scalability.

Trial registration

German Register for Clinical Studies DRKS00023505.
Prevalence of human schistosomiasis in various regions of Tanzania Mainland and Zanzibar: A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies conducted for the past ten years (2013–2023)
Authors: Mbugi Nicolaus Omari , Laizer Hudson , Chacha Musa , Mbega Ernest
Published: September 2024

Schistosomiasis is a significant public health problem in Tanzania, particularly for the people living in the marginalized settings. We have conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis on the prevalence of schistosomiasis to add knowledge towards the development of effective approaches to control the disease in Tanzania. Online databases namely, Pub Med, SCOPUS and AJOL, were systematically searched and a random effect model was used to calculate the pooled prevalence of the disease. Heterogeneity and the between studies variances were determined using Cochran (Q) and Higgins (I2) tests, respectively. A total of 55 articles met the inclusion criterion for this review and all have satisfactory quality scores. The pooled prevalence of the disease in Tanzania was 26.40%. Tanzania mainland had the highest schistosomiasis prevalence (28.89%) than Zanzibar (8.95%). Sub-group analyses based on the year of publication revealed the going up of the pooled prevalence, whereby for (2013–2018) and (2018–2023) the prevalence was 23.41% and 30.06%, respectively. The prevalence of the Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma hematobium were 37.91% and 8.86% respectively. Mara, Simuyu, and Mwanza were the most prevalent regions, with a pooled prevalence of 77.39%, 72.26%, and 51.19%, respectively. The pooled prevalence based on the diagnostic method was 64.11% for PCR and 56.46% for POC-CCA, which is relatively high compared to other tests. Cochrans and Higgins (I2) test has shown significant heterogeneity (p-value = 0.001 and I2 = 99.6). Factors including age, region, diagnostic method and sample size have shown significant contribution to the displayed heterogeneity. The pronounced and increasing prevalence of the disease suggests potential low coverage and possibly lack of involvement of some regions in the control of the disease. This, therefore, calls for an intensive implementation of control interventions in all endemic regions, preferably using an integrated approach that targets several stages of the disease lifecycle.
Data-centric AI approach for automated wildflower monitoring
Authors: Schouten Gerard , Michielsen Bas S. H. T. , Gravendeel Barbara
Published: September 2024

We present the Eindhoven Wildflower Dataset (EWD) as well as a PyTorch object detection model that is able to classify and count wildflowers. EWD, collected over two entire flowering seasons and expert annotated, contains 2,002 top-view images of flowering plants captured ‘in the wild’ in five different landscape types (roadsides, urban green spaces, cropland, weed-rich grassland, marshland). It holds a total of 65,571 annotations for 160 species belonging to 31 different families of flowering plants and serves as a reference dataset for automating wildflower monitoring and object detection in general. To ensure consistent annotations, we define species-specific floral count units and provide extensive annotation guidelines. With a 0.82 mAP (@IoU > 0.50) score the presented baseline model, trained on a balanced subset of EWD, is to the best of our knowledge superior in its class. Our approach empowers automated quantification of wildflower richness and abundance, which helps understanding and assessing natural capital, and encourages the development of standards for AI-based wildflower monitoring. The annotated EWD dataset and the code to train and run the baseline model are publicly available.
Optimization of whole slide imaging scan settings for computer vision using human lung cancer tissue
Authors: Geubbelmans Melvin , Claes Jari , Nijsten Kim , Gervois Pascal , Appeltans Simon , Martens Sandrina , Wolfs Esther , Thomeer Michiel , Valkenborg Dirk , Faes Christel
Published: September 2024

Digital pathology has become increasingly popular for research and clinical applications. Using high-quality microscopes to produce Whole Slide Images of tumor tissue enables the discovery of insights into biological aspects invisible to the human eye. These are acquired through downstream analyses using spatial statistics and artificial intelligence. Determination of the quality and consistency of these images is needed to ensure accurate outcomes when identifying clinical and subclinical image features. Additionally, the time-intensive process of generating high-volume images results in a trade-off that needs to be carefully balanced. This study aims to determine optimal instrument settings to generate representative images of pathological tissue using digital microscopy. Using various settings, an H&E stained sample was scanned using the ZEISS Axio Scan.Z1. Next, nucleus segmentation was performed on resulting images using StarDist. Subsequently, detections were compared between scans using a matching algorithm. Finally, nucleus-level information was compared between scans. Results indicated that while general matching percentages were high, similarity between information from replicates was relatively low. Additionally, settings resulting in longer scanning times and increased data volume did not increase similarity between replicates. In conclusion, the scan setting ultimately deemed optimal combined consistent and qualitative performance with low throughput time.
Virulence gene polymorphisms in Shandong Helicobacter pylori strains and their relevance to gastric cancer
Authors: Xue Zhijing , Li Weijia , Ding Hailing , Pei Fengyan , Zhang Jianzhong , Gong Yanan , Fan Ruyue , Wang Fang , Wang Youjun , Chen Qing , Li Yanran , Yang Xinyu , Zheng Yan , Su Guohai
Published: September 2024

Background

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) virulence factors, particularly the cagA and vacA genotypes, play important roles in the pathogenic process of gastrointestinal disease.

Methods

The cagA and vacA genotypes of 87 H. pylori strains were determined by PCR and sequencing. The EPIYA and CM motif patterns were analyzed and related to clinical outcomes. We examined the associations between the virulence genes of H. pylori and gastrointestinal diseases in Shandong, and the results were analyzed via the chi-square test and logistic regression model.

Results

Overall, 76 (87.36%) of the strains carried the East Asian-type CagA, with the ABD types being the most prevalent (90.79%). However, no significant differences were observed among the different clinical outcomes. The analysis of CagA sequence types revealed 8 distinct types, encompassing 250 EPIYA motifs, including 4 types of EPIYA or EPIYA-like sequences. Additionally, 28 CM motifs were identified, with the most prevalent patterns being E (66.67%), D (16.09%), and W-W (5.75%). Notably, a significant association was discovered between strains with GC and the CM motif pattern D (P < 0.01). With respect to the vacA genotypes, the strains were identified as s1, s2, m1, m2, i1, i2, d1, d2, c1, and c2 in 87 (100%), 0 (0), 26 (29.89%), 61 (70.11%), 73 (83.91%), 14 (16.09%), 76 (87.36%), 11 (12.64%), 18 (20.69%), and 69 (79.31%), respectively. Specifically, the vacA m1 and c1 genotypes presented a significantly greater prevalence in strains from GC compared to CG (P < 0.05). Following adjustment for age and sex, the vacA c1 genotype demonstrated a notable association with GC (OR = 5.174; 95% CI, 1.402–20.810; P = 0.012). This association was both independent of and more pronounced than the correlations between vacA m1 and GC.

Conclusions

CagA proteins possessing CM motif pattern D were more frequently observed in patients with GC (P < 0.01), implying a potentially higher virulence of CM motif pattern D than the other CM motif patterns. Moreover, a strong positive association was identified between the vacA c1 genotype and GC, indicating that the vacA c1 genotype is a robust risk indicator for GC among male patients aged ≥55 years in Shandong.
The Role of Dysbiosis and Chronic Viral Infection in Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases
Authors: Sutherland Liz
Published: September 2024

Autoimmune diseases are a diverse group of approximately 100 disorders that are characterized by abnormal reactivity of B and T cells against self-antigens.1 Clinical manifestations can vary greatly, from organ-specific to systemic, and from life-threatening to subclinical. Autoimmune conditions affect about 5-9% of the world’s population,2 and occur more frequently in women than men.3,4 A 2020 study of the prevalence of antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) found a 50% overall increase in this biomarker of autoimmunity over the course of 25 years, suggesting that autoimmunity is on the rise in the United States.5 Interestingly, the increase in ANA prevalence was notable among adolescents (ages 12-19), lending some credence to the hygiene hypothesis, which posits that improved hygiene practices and cleaner environments in childhood reduce exposure to immune challenges, and may result in aberrant immune responses when exposed to infections later in life.
Csodás? Való! A létezés labirintusa
Authors: Dornbach Mária
Published: September 2024

A latin-amerikai nemzetek irodalma a 20. században esztétikai paradigmaváltáson esett át, teljesedett ki, nyerte el sajátos, önálló arculatát, és robbant be a világirodalomba. A műveket napjainkig –gyakran megkülönböztetés nélkül, tévesen– a mágikus realizmus műfaji- és stílus irányzatába sorolják. A mágikus realizmus a 20. században születik, előfutárának a kubai Alejo Carpentier által megfogalmazott „amerikai csodás valót” tekinthetjük, amely szintén egy ideologikus világkép regénypoétikai megfogalmazása, a kontinens mitikus, ontológiai gyökereire vetülő jelenével.
Tanulmánykötetünk első fejezetében, a „csodás való” néprajzi hátterének bemutatását követően, olyan latin-amerikai regényeket elemzünk, melyek írásmódja ezt a sajátos szimbiózist követi.
A földrész sok országának 20. századi politikai-társadalmi életét zsarnoki diktatúrák határozzák meg. A kötet második fejezete ebből a témából szemezget, karibi, kubai, venezuelai és paraguayi művek vizsgálata révén.
A latin-amerikai irodalomra rányomta bélyegét a gyarmati kor kizsákmányolása: így az őslakosok és a gyarmatosítók leszármazottjai reménytelenségét sugalló életérzés, a magány kérdése hangsúlyosan jelenik meg a kortárs elbeszélőművészetben. A harmadik fejezetben négy regényt elemzünk a témakörből.
Az egyes szerzők narratívái pontosan tükrözik a különböző országok, régiók társadalmi valóságát és sokszínűségét. Az írók nem Európára kacsingattak, nem az európai irányzatokhoz igazodtak, gondolkodásuk a földrész, és hazájuk problémáira fókuszált, abból kiindulva fogalmaztak meg univerzális üzeneteket. Tudatosan vállalták és jelenítették meg környezetük kulturális, társadalmi értékeit, a valóság feszítő ellentmondásait, a feudál-kapitalizmust, a mulattizáció sokszor drámai paradoxonjait. Így született meg például a jellegzetesen latin-amerikai indigenizmus és az Antillák negrizmusa.
Schrödinger’s cat experiment, quantum theory, results, lead to 7.
Authors: Durand Jean-Olivier
Published: September 2024

Schrödinger’s cat experiment has been studied a lot, and many interpretations of this paradox have been published. I have used a robust and rigorous scientific process to study this experiment. The process consists of directly observing the experiment, and applying the results of the experiment in the most simple, strict, direct, way possible, without any interpretation. With this experiment, I demonstrate that quantum theory is false, we make a mistake with it, and our world is virtual. I have therefore corrected 7 existing theories (4 quantum theories with wave-particle duality, quantum entanglement, Hugh Everett’s theory, quantum energy diagrams, and 3 cosmos theories, general relativity, black holes, Big Bang), (1 error per theory = 7 errors). I have used these 7 theories to complete quantum theory with 6 postulates and 1 theorem (7 proposals). This allowed me to put humans in the center of quantum theory, and I have studied 7 behaviors of human beings (normal people, newborn babies, narcissists, people suffering from bipolar disorders, psychotics, Jesus Christ and epileptics). Jesus Christ is the son of quantum world. I have modeled Jesus Christ’s miracles and most of them were realized. 7 is a complete randomness, I have not done it on purpose. I have also elaborated a cosmological model with 6 major events to describe our Cosmos. The 7
th event of the Cosmos could be the rest of randomness, as randomness is the basis of quantum theory. I make predictions with this model which could be confirm with the James Webb spatial telescope. If confirmed, this theory could have a major impact on humanity because what predicted all religions could also be confirmed and I was very surprised myself about this. 7 is a sacred number in all religions. I did not expect it, I do not really practice religions and I do not really believe in them, although I was educated with catholic religion. Indeed, here rigorous science reconciles all religions, all humans, all what we are as quantum theory is always true.
Risk Factors for Serrated Polyps: Results From a Large, Multicenter Colonoscopy-Based Study
Authors: Crockett Seth D. , Shaukat Aasma , Delau Olivia , Stoffel Elena M. , Church Timothy R. , Syngal Sapna , Bresalier Robert
Published: September 2024

INTRODUCTION:

Risk factors for serrated polyps (SPs) are not well understood.

METHODS:

Multivariable analyses of data from a multicenter colonoscopy-based study estimated odds ratios for having either a sessile serrated lesion or traditional serrated adenoma according to participant characteristics.

RESULTS:

Six thousand seventy-eighty participants were included in the analyses (565 with either a sessile serrated lesion or traditional serrated adenoma). White race was associated with a higher risk of SPs compared with Black race (adjusted odds ratio 4.64, 95% confidence interval 1.89–11.41). Obesity and current smoking were also associated with a higher risk of SPs.

DISCUSSION:

White race, smoking, and obesity are risk factors for precancerous SPs.
transporte público de pasajeros en la ciudad de Santa Fe
Authors: Giménez Puentes María Pía , Más María Magdalena
Published: September 2024

El transporte es un servicio público ya que es el Estado el responsable de garantizar la prestación, continuidad, regularidad, universalidad, las características de los servicios y de los activos, los precios a cobrar a los pasajeros y la remuneración que perciban los operadores, entre otras cuestiones. La mejora en las condiciones de prestación del servicio genera beneficios positivos para la sociedad. Es por ello que un indicador importante a medir y monitorear es la eficiencia del sistema de transporte -colectivos-.
La presente investigación propone el desarrollo de un sistema de indicadores de eficiencia que permitan controlar y monitorear la forma en que se presta el servicio de TPP en la ciudad de Santa Fe permitiendo llevar a cabo medidas que garanticen la accesibilidad, la regularidad y la continuidad en su funcionamiento.
Su abordaje metodológico es básicamente cuantitativo. En una primera instancia se procedió a la construcción de cuatro indicadores de eficiencia a los fines de medir la condición del sistema en general y de las empresas en particular. En segunda instancia, se continuó el estudio de la eficiencia a nivel de líneas urbanas de colectivo.
Por último, se construyó un Índice de Eficiencia (IDE), considerando los indicadores definidos anteriormente, a los fines de crear un “Ranking de Empresas” para luego generar un análisis particular al interior de cada una de ellas según las líneas urbanas que nuclean.
Estos indicadores y el índice han arrojado resultados muy interesantes, abriendo nuevas líneas de investigación.
Explorar un modelo de Contabilidad de Gestión Ambiental en silvicultura. Incorporar el Capital Natural en la toma de decisiones gerenciales desde el universo ampliado de la contabilidad
Authors: Mancini Andrés Alberto
Published: September 2024

La silvicultura es una actividad emblemática con la sustentabilidad, donde las empresas forestales poseen un mandato ambiental de la sociedad. Resulta fundamental lograr un equilibrio entre la producción de madera, previniendo la mitigación de impactos ambientales y la generación de externalidades ambientales positivas, por lo que reviste fundamental importancia la información contable generada. Las siguientes omisiones identificadas y no consideradas en el sistema de información contable tradicional en silvicultura, permitió identificar la situación problemática, definir preguntas de investigación y circunscribir el problema de tesis: i) falta de identificación y medición contable del uso del Capital Natural sin costo alguno; ii) deficiencias en el registro e informaciónde los servicios ecosistémicos forestales y iii) externalidades negativas parcialmente internalizadas.El enfoque principal de la tesis consistió en exponer una propuesta para extender las fronteras del sistema de contabilidad en silvicultura y acotar la brecha entre el «ES» y el «DEBE SER» mediante un modelo ampliado de contabilidad que considere: a) relevamiento de procesos y actividades, b) identificación de aspectos, impactos y recursos ambientales, c) cuentas y registros contables de stock en activos ambientales forestales, d) contabilidad de flujo de servicios de ecosistemas forestales ee) indicadores de desempeño ambiental. Un modelo de Contabilidad de Gestión Ambiental como elpropuesto facilita la identificación de las interacciones de la actividad económica con el ambiente y permite identificar los impactos y uso del Capital Natural, con el objetivo de mejorar la calidad en la toma de decisiones gerenciales, que permita mitigar las deficiencias mencionadas.
Sasak Boda Observed: The Preservation of Tebango Buddhists’ Cultural Heritage on Lombok Island, Indonesia
Authors: Muchammadun Muchammadun , Amrulloh Zaenudin , Aditya Rahadiyand
Published: September 2024

Although the government issued an accommodative policy protecting and supporting minority communities, statistics has shown a decline in the number of Buddhism followers in modern-day Lombok, Indonesia. This ethnographic study aims to reconsider the existence of a cultural heritage that provides sustainable values to community development. This study seeks to understand how the vernacular Buddhism of Sasak Boda in Tebango manages to strive as the minority and live their belief amid the dominating Sasak Muslim community. Data was collected through literature review, interviews, and observation. Findings indicate that the decline of Boda devotees in Dusun Tebango of Lombok in number has been affected by the public perception of the vernacular Buddhism movement. Despite such a reality becoming an anomaly in the discourses related to cultural heritage preservation, the Tebango Buddhists are capable of maintaining the tradition through customs that are tangible and intangible. This case signifies a premise that quantitative measurement alone is insufficient to study the sustainability of a local belief system such as the Sasak Boda. Consequently, this study argues that the state of maintainability and materiality of any culture act as determinant factors in the empowerment of locality-based communities.
Between Entrepreneurship and Community Empowerment: The Management Model of Empowering Small Business’ Borneo Queen Community
Authors: Adiwijaya Saputra , Adam Chaidir , Rafsanjani Muhammad Arief , Sustiyah  , Simanjuntak Atmaezer Hariara
Published: September 2024

The management approach of Borneo Queen Community emphasizes the pivotal role of managerial efforts in sustaining small businesses while concurrently fostering community empowerment. This study endeavors to explore the proprietor’s influence in ensuring the continuity of Borneo Queen Community and its positive impact on community advancement. Employing a qualitative methodology with a phenomenological lens, the research unveils the proprietor’s strategies in empowering the business through a distinctive worker recruitment mechanism. This approach prioritizes the betterment of the local community’s welfare, particularly targeting youth with limited educational and economic prospects. By granting them autonomy in managing and honing their skills, the business not only fosters employee development but also maintains a strong economic focus. Furthermore, the business demonstrates astute market foresight by leveraging various digital platforms for expansive marketing outreach. Through this integrated approach, Borneo Queen Community emerges as a small business entity adept at harmonizing commercial success with community empowerment.
Developing River-based Tourism in Indonesian Local Context: Towards an Agenda of Social Development Implications
Authors: Kharis Ahmad , Langputeh Sukree
Published: September 2024

This paper aims to revive the discussion on river-based tourism, highlighting its implications for sustainable social development. It is based on an analysis of various studies that have shown a focus on new patterns and strategies for sustainable development in river-based tourism. However, little attention has been given to further exploring these sustainability tools through achieving harmony between human and natural elements. The study adopts a case study approach, focusing on Temulus Village in Indonesia. Data was collected through interviews, observations, and field documentation. The research findings demonstrate that prioritizing the segmentation of river-based tourism development as a key agenda in social development holds intrinsic value as a new tool in transforming rural communities. The research successfully uncovers the harmonious relationship between human interests and nature, thereby contributing to sustainable development through river tourism. Consequently, this study contributes to leveraging local resources for sustainable development, introducing new local indicators that can serve as valuable lessons for future village development.