bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Klasszikus galactosaemia dietetikai kezelési lehetőségei
Authors: Kiss Erika , Balogh Lídia , Reismann Péter
Published: November 2017

Abstract:

Classical galactosemia is an inherited disorder of the carbohydrate metabolism, most often caused by the deficient activity of the enzyme galactose-1-phosphate-uridyltransferase. Classical galactosemia presents in the neonatal period with life threatening illness after galactose is introduced in the diet. Symptoms and signs include poor feeding, vomiting, and diarrhea, weight loss, jaundice, hypotension, cataracts, hepatosplenomegaly, hepatocellular insufficiency, and encephalopathy. Since 1975 the testing for galactosemia is part of the neonatal screening program in Hungary. Affected newborns are recognized in the first days of their life, and special diet is introduced immediately. The therapy of galactosemia is the lactose-free and galactose-poor diet for life. As a result of the nationwide newborn screening and the lifelong medical therapy, early treatment with galactosemia can achieve a normal life without serious complications. Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(47): 1864–1867.
A ritka betegségek ellátásának aktuális kérdései
Authors: Pogány Gábor
Published: November 2017

Abstract:

The aim was to present the actual situation of rare diseases, especially to characterize the circumstances in Hungary. The most important developments were summarized which could help the care of rare disease patients in the everyday practice.

There are around 800 000 patients with rare diseases in Hungary. The lack of information leads to „invisibility” for the health and social care system (most of them without ICD code). Therefore, these patients still have a huge disadvantage even when compared to the patients of common diseases. Important national and international measures took place in the last years to decrease these disadvantages. The Hungarian Centres of Expertise were officially approved, thus several health care providers were able to get membership in the forming European Reference Networks. The rare disease specific “Lifebelt” Information Centre and Help Line was established by HUFERDIS. These steps assist the implementation of the National Rare Disease Plan, although its formal approval process has temporarily stopped because of the reorganization of the health care system.

The summarized developments can contribute to define better patient directions, and thus decrease the family knocks about the maze of health, social and educational systems. The realization of Rare Disease National Strategy is needed to improve the current fragmentation of services and enable patients and health, social and educational professionals to provide and use best practice care. This will ensure that all patients with rare disease cannot only be diagnosed quickly, but also have timely access to the care and support that they need, resulting in a decreasing burden of families and society. Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(47): 1851–1856.
Rhabdomyolysis – Mikor vessük fel metabolikus myopathia lehetőségét? Esetismertetés és diagnosztikus algoritmus
Authors: Sebők Ágnes , Pál Endre , Molnár Gergő Attila , Wittmann István , Berenténé Bene Judit , Melegh Béla , Komoly Sámuel , Hidvégi Tibor , Balogh Lídia , Szabó Attila , Zsidegh Petra
Published: November 2017

Abstract:

We report the case of a 46-year-old female patient with recurrent rhabdomyolysis. In the background of her metabolic myopathy an inherited metabolic disorder of the fatty acid oxidation, very long-chain acyl-coenzyme A-dehydrogenase deficiency was diagnosed. The diagnosis was based on abnormal acyl-carnitine- and urine organic-acid profile in addition to low residual enzyme activity, and was confirmed by genetic testing. After introduction of dietotherapy metabolic crisis necessitating hospital admission has not occurred neither have fixed myopathic changes developed. We present here the differential diagnosis of rhabdomyolysis and exertional muscle complaints, with the metabolic myopathies in focus. The main features of fatty acid oxidation disorders are highlighted, acute and chronic managements of very long-chain acyl-coenzyme A-dehydrogenase deficiency are discussed. Metabolic myopathies respond well to treatment, so good quality of life can be achieved. However, especially in fatty acid oxidation disorders, a metabolic crisis may develop quickly and can be fatal, albeit rarely. Some of these disorders can be identified by newborn screening, but occasionally the symptoms may manifest only in adulthood. With the presentation of this case we would like to point out that in the differential diagnosis of recurrent rhabdomyolysis inherited metabolic disorders should be considered regardless of the patient’s age. Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(46): 1873–1882.
Повышение энергоэффективности холодильных систем в интеллектуальных сетях электроснабжения
Authors: Петренко М. А. , Трішин Ф. А. , Мазур В.А.
Published: November 2017

Рассмотрена концепция интеллектуальных сетей (Smart Grid) электроснабжения для повышения энергоэффективности холодильных систем. Предложена модель виртуальной энергетической системы, в состав которой входят подсистемы охлаждения и отопления. Эта система включает в себя информационные и коммуникационные сети наряду с технологиями сбора данных по производству и потреблению энергии. Развитие таких систем автоматически приводит к увеличению устойчивости производства и распределения электроэнергии в энергетической системе в целом, а также способствует повышению эффективности и экономической выгоды отдельных подсистем.
Методы автоматизации проектирования в среде AutoCAD
Authors: Ломовцев П. Б. , Болтач С. В. , Митрофанова Н. Ф. , Шинко Б. Г.
Published: November 2017

Создание масштабных или узкоспециализированых проектов в среде AutoCAD занимает много времени. Для сокращения времени проектирования и добавления функционала используются различные методы автоматизации проектирования. Большинство из них, кроме знаний команд и интерфейса среды AutoCAD, требуют навыков программирования. В данной работе рассмотрены методы автоматизации проектирования для области холодильной техники, которые требуют только знаний работы в среде AutoCAD. Проанализирован каждый из методов, приведены примеры их использования и применения. Указаны достоинства и недостатки.
Influence of Thermal Preparation Method on Mineral Composition of Shrimps
Authors: GORAN Gheorghe Valentin , TUDOREANU Liliana , BADOI Elena , BADEA Emanuela , CRIVINEANU Victor
Published: November 2017

This study goal was to evaluate the effects of 3 different cooking methods (boiling, roasting, and microwaving) on mineral concentrations of shrimps from the Bucharest market. Mineral content in shrimp samples was evaluated by ICP-OES, and relative humidity was assessed by thermogravimetry. Cooking method insignificantly influenced the level of Fe. Ca and K levels were higher in cooked samples compared to raw shrimps, independent of cooking method. Essential (Cu, Se, and Zn), and non-essential and toxic (Al, Cd, Ni, and Pb) elements levels were significantly increased in boiled shrimps, compared to raw and the other 2 types of cooked samples. Generally, after cooking the lowest values of essential trace elements concentration was registered in roasted samples. The highest percentage of water loss was found in boiled samples. In general, thermal preparation increased mineral concentrations in cooked samples compared to raw shrimps.
Preliminary Studies Regarding the Production of Jam from Organic Rose Petal
Authors: BUTCARU Ana Cornelia , STĂNICĂ Florin , VELCEA Marian Nicolae
Published: November 2017

One of the present challenges of food production is to bring on the market innovative products with special nutraceutical properties that can fulfill the customers’ needs. The aim of this paper is to present some original data regarding the sensorial analysis and the customers perceptions on innovative jam obtained from organic rose petals.On 1,350 sqm plot, at the UASVM of Bucharest an organic rose culture was established in 2015 with three climbing varieties: Falstaff, Brother Cadfael and Crown Princess Margareta. From the end of June 2016, the petals were collected and used for jam preparation. Besides sugar, different ingredients as: ginger, lemon juice, sea buckthorn juice and hot pepper were added. Total soluble solids and total dry matter were measured.The final products, seventeen variants of rose jam, were analyzed and tasted. Sensorial analysis was made by consumers of different ages and gender. Jam appearance, general taste, aroma, and the overall impression were noticed. V4 variant - Brother Cadfael with sea buckthorn was the most appreciated variant. For each of these top variants, target group by gender and age was analyzed. The results showed that the customers’ preferences are influenced by age and gender and the organic rose jam is a highly appreciated product.
Inhibitory Potential Of Lactobacillus Plantarum on Escherichia Coli
Authors: MITREA Laura , CĂLINOIU Lavinia Florina , PRECUP Gabriela , BINDEA Maria , RUSU Bogdan , TRIF Monica , FERENCZI Lorand Jozsef , ŞTEFĂNESCU Bianca Eugenia , VODNAR Dan Cristian
Published: November 2017

An alternative therapy to diarrhoeal episodes induced by E. coli is represented by probiotic strains (e.g Lactobacillus), which are able to maintain the gut micro-flora in optimal parameters. This work highlights the inhibitory potential of probiotics (L. plantarum ATCC 8014) over the enteropathogenic bacteria like E. coli ATCC 25922. For this study we co-incubated L. plantarum with E. coli in MRS broth at different concentrations (109, 108 CFU/mL – L. plantarum with 105, 104 CFU/mL – E. coli, 4 groups) for 24, 48 and 72h at 37oC. After co-incubation, E. coli colonies developed on Levine media were counted towards the control. E. coli colonies decreased after 48 and 72h of co-incubation with L. plantarum. Also, was noticed that L. plantarum (108 CFU/mL) completely inhibits E. coli (104 CFU/mL) after 72h of co-incubation. This work proves the inhibitory potential of probiotic strains (L. plantarum ATCC 8014) against enteropathogenic bacteria (E. coli ATCC 25922).
Perception of Curability Among Advanced Cancer Patients: An International Collaborative Study
Authors: Yennurajalingam Sriram , Rodrigues Luis Fernando , Shamieh Omar , Tricou Colombe , Filbet Marilène , Naing Kyaw , Ramaswamy Akhileshwaran , Perez-Cruz Pedro Emilio , Bautista Mary Jocelyn S. , Bunge Sofia , Muckaden Mary Ann , Sewram Vikash , Fakrooden Sarah , Noguera-Tejedor Antonio , Rao Shobha S. , Liu Diane , Park Minjeong , Williams Janet L. , Lu Zhanni , Cantu Hilda , Hui David , Reddy Suresh K. , Bruera Eduardo
Published: November 2017

Background

There are limited data on illness understanding and perception of cure among advanced cancer patients around the world. The aim of the study was to determine the frequency and factors associated with inaccurate perception of curability among advanced cancer patients receiving palliative care across the globe.

Materials and Methods

Secondary analysis of a study to understand the core concepts in end-of-life care among advanced cancer patients receiving palliative care from 11 countries across the world. Advanced cancer patients were surveyed using a Patient Illness Understanding survey and Control Preference Scale. Descriptive statistics and multicovariate logistic regression analysis were performed.

Results

Fifty-five percent (763/1,390) of patients receiving palliative care inaccurately reported that their cancer is curable. The median age was 58, 55% were female, 59% were married or had a partner, 48% were Catholic, and 35% were college educated. Sixty-eight percent perceived that the goal of therapy was “to get rid of their cancer,” and 47% perceived themselves as “seriously ill.” Multicovariate logistic regression analysis shows that accurate perception of curability was associated with female gender (odds ratio [OR] 0.73, p = .027), higher education (OR 0.37, p < .0001), unemployment status (OR 0.69, p = .02), and being from France (OR 0.26, p < .0001) and South Africa (OR 0.52, p = .034); inaccurate perception of curability was associated with better Karnofsky performance status (OR 1.02 per point, p = .0005), and being from Philippines (OR 15.49, p < .0001), Jordan (OR 8.43, p < .0001), Brazil (OR 2.17, p = .0037), and India (OR 2.47, p = .039).

Conclusion

Inaccurate perception of curability in advanced cancer patients is 55% and significantly differs by gender, education, performance status, employment status, and country of origin. Further studies are needed to develop strategies to reduce this misperception of curability in advanced cancer patients.

Implications for Practice

The findings of this study indicate that inaccurate perception of curability among advanced cancer patients is 55%. Inaccurate perception of curability significantly differs by gender, education, performance status, employment status, and country of origin. There is great need to facilitate improved patient–physician communication so as to improve health care outcomes and patient satisfaction.
Anti-Hu-Associated Autoimmune Limbic Encephalitis in a Patient with PD-1 Inhibitor-Responsive Myxoid Chondrosarcoma
Authors: Papadopoulos Kyriakos P. , Romero Rebecca S. , Gonzalez Gabriela , Dix James E. , Lowy Israel , Fury Matthew
Published: November 2017

Autoimmune encephalitis is an uncommon complication of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. This article reports a case of fatal anti-Hu-associated autoimmune limbic encephalitis presenting within 8 weeks following anti-PD1 therapy in a patient with myxoid chondrosarcoma and pre-existing anti-Hu antibodies. Although tumor reduction occurred in response to PD-1 inhibitor therapy, the patient had a rapidly progressive decline in neurologic function despite initial stabilization with immunosuppression. Considering the increasing use of immune checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of various malignancies, an increase in the occurrence of neurologic adverse events is likely, requiring prompt intervention and enhanced pharmacovigilance in malignancies associated with onconeuronal antibodies.
Phase I Pharmacokinetic Study of Nivolumab in Korean Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors
Authors: Lee Keun-Wook , Lee Dae Ho , Kang Jin Hyoung , Park Joon Oh , Kim Se Hyun , Hong Yong Sang , Kim Seung Tae , Oh Do-Youn , Bang Yung-Jue
Published: November 2017

Lessons Learned

This pharmacokinetic study of nivolumab showed that there is little ethnic difference in the handling of nivolumab. Nivolumab was well tolerated in Korean patients.

Background

This phase I study of nivolumab, an anti-programmed cell death-1 (anti-PD-1) monoclonal antibody, investigated the pharmacokinetics and safety of nivolumab in Korean patients with advanced solid tumors. Findings were compared with results from Japan and the U.S.

Materials and Methods

In this two-part study, patients received a single dose of nivolumab (1, 3, and 10 mg/kg; ONO-4538-13) and were followed up for 3 weeks. Those who met the required criteria proceeded to the second part (ONO-4538-14), and received the same dose as in part one every 2 weeks.

Results

Six patients per dose level were enrolled (n = 18). The mean elimination half-life of nivolumab among the groups ranged from 15.0 to 19.1 days. The maximum serum concentration and area under serum concentration–time curve increased almost dose-proportionally at doses from 1 to 10 mg/kg. Adverse drug reactions (ADRs; mostly grade ≤2) were reported in seven patients (38.9%). ADRs grade ≥3 occurred in one patient (5.6%; pneumonitis). Three patients (16.7%) developed ADRs related to thyroid dysfunction.

Conclusion

The pharmacokinetic parameters of nivolumab were similar among patients from Korea, Japan, and the U.S. The safety profile was consistent with findings from previous studies.
Nanocoating of starch and clay that reduces the flammability of polyurethane foam
Authors: Zhang Chaoqun , Milhorn Aaron , Haile Merid , Mai Garret , Grunlan Jaime C
Published: November 2017

In an effort to reduce the flammability of flexible polyurethane foam, a thin polyelectrolyte multilayer coating comprising cationic starch and montmorillonite (MMT) or vermiculite (VMT) clay was deposited through layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly. These nanocoatings were characterized with electron microscopy, direct flame exposure and cone calorimetry. All coatings are conformal and maintain the shape of the foam after exposure to an open flame. Cone calorimetry revealed that five bilayers (BLs) of starch/clay reduce the peak heat release rate of foam by 54%, while ten BL coatings reduce the total smoke release by 39 and 67% with MMT and VMT, respectively. These results demonstrate one of the most efficient and renewable nanocoatings prepared using LbL assembly for reducing the flammability of flexible polyurethane foam.
Standard Operating Procedure for Culturing Bordetella species from Nasopharyngeal Specimens v1
Authors: D. Lee Adria , K. Cassiday Pamela , C. Pawloski Lucia , M. Tatti Kathleen , D. Martin Monte , C. Briere Elizabeth , Lucia Tondella M. , W. Martin Stacey , Clinical Validation Study Group the
Published: November 2017

The appropriate use of clinically accurate diagnostic tests is essential for the detection of pertussis, a poorly controlled vaccine-preventable disease. The purpose of this study was to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of different diagnostic criteria including culture, multi-target polymerase chain reaction (PCR), anti-pertussis toxin IgG (IgG-PT) serology, and the use of a clinical case definition. An additional objective was to describe the optimal timing of specimen collection for the various tests. Clinical specimens were collected from patients with cough illness at seven locations across the United States between 2007 and 2011. Nasopharyngeal and blood specimens were collected from each patient during the enrollment visit. Patients who had been coughing for ≤ 2 weeks were asked to return in 2-4 weeks for collection of a second, convalescent blood specimen. Sensitivity and specificity of each diagnostic test were estimated using three methods—pertussis culture as the “gold standard,” composite reference standard analysis (CRS), and latent class analysis (LCA). Overall, 868 patients were enrolled and 13.6% were B. pertussis positive by at least one diagnostic test. In a sample of 545 participants with non-missing data on all four diagnostic criteria, culture was 64.0% sensitive, PCR was 90.6% sensitive, and both were 100% specific by LCA. CRS and LCA methods increased the sensitivity estimates for convalescent serology and the clinical case definition over the culture-based estimates. Culture and PCR were most sensitive when performed during the first two weeks of cough; serology was optimally sensitive after the second week of cough. Timing of specimen collection in relation to onset of illness should be considered when ordering diagnostic tests for pertussis. Consideration should be given to including IgG-PT serology as a confirmatory test in the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE) case definition for pertussis.
METHODOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES OF THE THEORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS. SECOND PART
Authors: Khonin V.
Published: November 2017

The article is devoted to the modern interpretation of the methodology of theoretical simulation of international relations - the system of the methodological principles. Thus, applying the principle of interference, the researcher receives additional methodological possibilities for the determination of rules necessary to form typological groups of international relations, and to determine the criteria for ranking of international interactions in terms of their social and historical significance.
The principle of sustainability in the historical context of international relations regards international relations as a special natural and continuous process within human society. The principle of coherence requires to bear in mind the level of human awarenees in the modeling of international relations – the awareness of individuals – participants of international community, and accordingly, of the whole social community to which they belong.
Each of the proposed principles focuses on individual, but synergistically linked and relevant to the researcher notional subject– the being of international relations.
INTERNATIONAL LEGAL ORDER: ON THE ISSUE OF ITS PROPERTIES (THEORETICAL ASPECTS)
Authors: Zabara I.
Published: November 2017

The article deals with one of the theoretical aspects of international legal order issues – the question of its properties. The author summarizes the doctrinal views of international law and regards the basic properties of the phenomenon of international legal order as its ability to act as system complexity, dynamism, orderliness, the reality and legitimacy of actions of subjects.
The author notes that there is a common position in the doctrine, according to which the international legal order is a system. However, he notes that the difference in views on the international legal order as a system consists in the components the researchers include in its composition; the author examines two theoretical approaches.
The complexity of the international legal order is determined from the standpoint of the number of its elements and components, as well as the number of their connections. This opinion highlights the fact that the predominant role is played by the quantity of links between elements and components, and indicates the international legal order capacity for permanent changes under the influence of the relevant internal and external factors.
The dynamism of the international legal order is characterized from the point of capacity for the development and modification. It is stated that the state of the dynamics is effected by several circumstances. The author concludes that this international legal order’s property as a dynamism is one of the qualities that characterizes its condition as a system.
The orderliness of the international legal order is considered from a consistency point, the interaction of parts of the whole, due to its structure. The author notes that the ordering of the international legal order displays its internal relationships and emphasizes its status as a system.
The reality of the international legal order is characterized from the point of objectively existing phenomenon. The author concludes that the allocation of the international legal order of reality as one of its properties is intended to emphasize the status of one of its most important components - the state of international relations.
Separately, the author considers the question of the legality of actions of subjects of international law, which are discussed in the doctrine from the standpoint of the conditions necessary for its maintenance. The author points out that in the general context of the properties that characterize the international legal order, it can be considered as an aspect wich together with other characterizes the state of the international legal order.
INTERNATIONAL TRADE DISPUTES AND THE PLACE OF ECONOMIC DIPLOMACY IN THEIR RESOLVING
Authors: Flissak K.
Published: November 2017

The development and deepening of international division of labour have led to increased competition on the world markets. In this situation, national governments are forced to look for ways to protect their own manufacturers and domestic markets from foreign competitors.
At the same time to promote their goods and services abroad countries participate in international organizations designed to liberalize trade relations, the largest of which is the World Trade Organization. The antagonistic nature of these processes leads to a significant number of trade disagreements and disputes that require proper settlement.
Economic diplomacy is a powerful and effective means of their preventing and solving. Its tools allows to create the preconditions for proactive monitoring of trade processes in order to prevent the contradictions and disputes, and in the case of their appearance – for the fastest possible resolving, defining the possibility of finding mutually beneficial ways out of confrontational situations.
It is important to study the practice of settlement of international trade disputes in the European Union and the United States. The purpose of this is the introduction of advanced foreign experience in the activity of the Ukrainian public authorities with the purpose of increase of efficiency of their functioning and national interests protection.
HISTORICAL BASES FOR AGGRESSIVE FOREIGN POLICY STRATEGY OF RUSSIA
Authors: Holovchenko Volodymyr
Published: November 2017

Unprovoked armed aggression of Russia against Ukraine after victory of the Dignity Revolution in it and annexation of Crimea, kindling and financial and material support of separatist rebellions in the eastern regions of our country actualized analysis of international historical reasons of aggressive behavior of Russia, primarily regarding the former Soviet republics.
Therefore, an attempt to look back this problem in the context of the medieval international relations in Central and Eastern Europe and the formation of autocratic ideology Grand Duchy of Moscow, Moscow kingdom and the Russian Empire was made in article. In view of that Rurik dynasty and related to them by women Romanovs had the beginnings from rulers of Kyivan Rus, Moscow grand dukes, kings and Petersburg emperors saw all the lands, that once belonged to it (mainly Ukrainian), as part of their historical heritage. Joining and later incorporation of Ukraine into the Russian Empire, from their point of view, was like returning of lost once patrimony. And the fact that Ukrainian and Belorussian lands formerly were part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Rus and Rzeczpospolita, or had their own political autonomy and time to develop a separate cultural, religious and public-political tradition, was seen as distortions caused by ostensibly forced distancing of these countries from the king.
Leading Moscow and St. Petersburg intellectuals both conservative and liberal-democratic were able and can to argue about the nature of Russian nationality, but they never had the slightest doubt as to «russkost» of Ukrainian, Belarusian and Baltic lands. This view completely coincides with the official position of the Russian autocracy and is now the basis for the foreign policy strategy of Vladimir Putin.
Efeitos de distância linear e marcação no processamento da concordância verbal variável no PB / Linear distance and markedness effects in variable subject-verb agreement processing in BP
Authors: Marcilese Mercedes , Rodrigues Erica dos Santos , Augusto Marina Rosa Ana , Henrique Késsia da Silva
Published: November 2017

Resumo: Este artigo investiga o papel de distância linear entre sujeito e verbo e de marcação morfológica de número no sujeito e no verbo no processamento da concordância verbal variável no português brasileiro (Ex.: Policiais Militares, após denúncia, prendeØ/ prendem traficante). Tomando como ponto de partida estudos sobre o processamento da concordância – baseados em dados de compreensão e de produção dos denominados erros de atração (Ex.: O tecido das cortinas rasgaram) – e resultados de pesquisas sobre a concordância variável realizadas no contexto da Sociolinguística Variacionista, foi elaborado um experimento de leitura conduzido por meio de uma maze task. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que a distância tem impacto na computação dos traços de número no verbo: tempos de reação significativamente menores foram registrados nas condições de distância longa. Além disso, a marcação de número do sujeito (singular/plural) e do verbo também se mostrou relevante. Sujeitos plurais parecem ser mantidos na memória de forma mais robusta e estabelecer restrições mais pesadas na computação da concordância do que sujeitos singulares, mesmo no contexto de falantes expostos à variação linguística em que marcas não redundantes são atestadas.Palavras-chave: concordância variável; processamento da concordância; distância linear; marcação morfológica.Abstract: This paper investigates the role of linear distance between subject and verb and number marking for the processing of Brazilian Portuguese variable subject-verb agreement (e.g. Policiais Militares, após denúncia, prendeØ/ prendem traficante). On the basis of production and comprehension studies about attraction errors (E.g. O tecido das cortinas rasgaram) and the findings of Sociolinguistics, we conducted a reading experiment making use of a maze task. The results suggest that distance has an impact on the computation of the number features on the verb: with shorter reaction times under longer distance conditions. Results concerning number marking (singular/plural) were also significant: plural subjects representations appear to be more persistent in memory and impose heavier constraints on agreement computation in comparison to singular subjects, even for speakers in the context of linguistic variation concerning non-redundant marking.Keywords: variable agreement; agreement processing; linear distance; markedness.
An analysis of the spatial spectrum of Hermite-Gauss beams with embedded optical vortex
Authors:   Image Processing Systems Institute оf RAS – Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS, Ustinov A.
Published: November 2017

This work deals with a detailed theoretical study of Hermite-Gauss beams with embedded vortical phase passing through a lens. Special attention is given to the location of vortical phase singularities in the focal plane. Sufficient conditions for the intensity null in the focal plane centre are found. The theoretical analysis is confirmed by numerical calculations.
A vector optical vortex generated and focused using a metalens
Authors:   Image Processing Systems Institute of RAS – Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS, Kotlyar V. ,   Samara National Research University, Nalimov A. ,   Image Processing Systems Institute of RAS – Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS,   Samara National Research University
Published: November 2017

Using a FDTD-aided numerical simulation we show that a sharp focal spot can be generated by a spiral metalens made of amorphous silicon, with unit topological charge and unit numerical aperture (NA = 1). The focal spot intensity is nearly round-shaped when using an incident TE-wave, and in the form of a doughnut for an incident TM-wave. We are the first to show theoretically and experimentally that the focal intensity pattern has local regions - located symmetrically or asymmetrically both at the center and on the periphery - where the energy flux is inversely directed. The discovered effect can be used for moving a microparticle in the opposite direction to the light propagation.
Investigation of the electromagnetic field in single-dimensional photonic crystals with defects
Authors:   Kirensky Institute of Physics Federal Research Center KSC SB RAS, Shabanov A. , Korshunov M. ,   Kirensky Institute of Physics Federal Research Center KSC SB RAS, Bukhanov E. ,   Federal Research Center KSC SB RAS
Published: November 2017

Using a transfer matrix method, we calculate the electromagnetic field in one-dimensional photonic crystals with disorder elements and in the presence of defects. It is found that the amplitude of the signal of the electro-magnetic field inside the structure is higher at the frequency of the defect mode than at all other frequencies. If the defect is located in the center of the crystal, the possibility of amplifying the signal amplitude is still preserved despite the presence of the disorder across the thicknesses of the layers. With an increase in the number of layers in the crystal, the field on the defect gets several times stronger.
Peculiarities of the Doppler effect in a multimode waveguide
Authors:   Volga State University of Telecommunications and Informatics, Glushchenko A. , Glushchenko E. ,   Volga State University of Telecommunications and Informatics, Ustinova E. ,   Volga State University of Service
Published: November 2017

The paper considers peculiar features of the Doppler effect that occurs when fundamental and higher-order modes reflect at a movable dielectric layer in multimode waveguides. Relationships for calculating frequencies of different modes of waves that reflect at and pass through the dielectric layer are derived. It is established that with increasing order of the mode, its frequency gets less dependent on the layer motion rate for the reflected waves, at the same time showing a stronger dependence for the transmitted waves. The interaction of waves with the inhomogeneous movable layer leads to the excitation of higher-order modes of the reflected and passed waves, so that each mode corresponds to a different frequency shift (multi-frequency Doppler effect).
Centroid averaging algorithm for a clustering ensemble
Authors:   Sobolev Institute of Mathematics SB RAS, Tatarnikov V. , Pestunov I. ,   Institute of Computational Technologies SB RAS, Berikov V. ,   Novosibirsk State University
Published: November 2017

A collective approach to cluster analysis is considered in the paper. An algorithm of centroid averaging is proposed. The algorithm allows constructing the consensus partition of a dataset into clusters, using a set of partitions built with any centroid-based algorithm. We discuss results of applying the proposed algorithm to modeled data and for the segmentation of hyperspectral images with noise channels. Some details of implementation in a multithreaded environment that allows increasing the algorithm performance are given.
PARA ALÉM DA INÉRCIA DE AFLUÊNCIA
Authors: Nevin John A.
Published: November 2017

Global warming poses unprecedented dangers to humankind, and it is a product of human activities: Production and consumption of fossil fuels, accompanied by steadily increasing levels of greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere.  Some of the predicted consequences of warming are already upon us; yet more catastrophic effects will be experienced in the future.  Two behavioral processes operate to maintain fossil fuel use: 1) Delay discounting studies suggest that relatively lesser-valued outcomes (e.g., driving private cars) that are available now are likely to be preferred to the value of a sustainable planet for all humankind, to be achieved in the indefinite future; and 2) ongoing fossil-fueled activities are likely to be highly persistent because of the long and rich history of reinforcement for individuals (e.g., comfort and convenience) and for the fossil-fuel industry as a whole (e.g., jobs and profits). One way to counter that persistence is to tax greenhouse gas emissions, which can shift current incentives away from fossil-fuel based energy toward renewables, even though the ultimate slowing of climate change may be remote.  Carbon-tax contingencies are similar to those employed to treat problem behavior; a successful example of this approach is described.Key words:  Global warming, fossil fuel consumption, carbon tax, delay discounting, behavioral momentum
EFEITOS DO NÚMERO DE EXEMPLARES SOBRE AQUISIÇÃO E GENERALIDADE DE DESEMPENHO EM CRIANÇAS DIAGNOSTICADAS COM TRANSTORNO DO ESPECTRO DO AUTISMO (TEA)
Authors: Melo e Silva Álvaro Júnior , Amaral Eliene Vasconcelos , Barboza Adriano Alves , Barros Romariz Da Silva , - ECCE INCT
Published: November 2017

Considerando a importância da generalidade, uma das sete dimensões da Análise do Comportamento Aplicada, o objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar a aquisição e o grau de generalização de repertórios verbais de tacto e intraverbais quando treinados com exemplar único de estímulo antecedente e com múltiplos exemplares de antecedentes, com duas crianças diagnosticadas com Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo (TEA). Os pais das crianças foram ensinados a implementar o ensino de tacto e intraverbal via tentativas discretas (DTT). O efeito da introdução da intervenção foi avaliado por meio do delineamento de linha de base múltipla não concorrente entre participantes. O efeito de cada uma das condições experimentais foi avaliado pela comparação intrassujeito de dados entre as condições “exemplar único” versus “múltiplos exemplares” ao longo do tratamento. Assim, para uma mesma habilidade (tacto, por exemplo), algumas relações foram ensinadas com múltiplos exemplares de estímulos e outras, com exemplar único. Na fase de generalização, foi aferida a precisão de desempenho para todas as relações com novos estímulos antecedentes/exemplares. Para Guto e Manuel foram necessárias, em média, 25,5 e 15 tentativas, respectivamente, para ensinar as relações com três exemplares, e 17 e 22 tentativas para ensinar com um exemplar. Durante a fase de generalização, a precisão média nas relações com três exemplares foi 83,5% e 100% para Guto e Manuel, respectivamente; com um exemplar, as médias foram 74 e 61%. Os dados mostram que a apresentação de múltiplos exemplares no treino de repertórios verbais proporcionou maior grau de generalização e não acarretou maior dificuldade de treino. Pelo presente estudo, encoraja-se o uso de múltiplos exemplares de estímulos em treino de repertório discriminativo em contexto aplicado.Palavras-chave: generalização, múltiplos exemplares, repertórios verbais.
EXPLICAÇÕES COMPORTAMENTAIS DA CORRESPONDÊNCIA DIZER-FAZER
Authors: Perez William F.
Published: November 2017

O presente estudo teve por objetivo apresentar as principais explicações presentes na literatura analítico-comportamental acerca da correspondência entre o comportamento verbal e o não-verbal. A correspondência pode ser definida, genericamente, como um rótulo que descreve uma relação específica entre duas classes de respostas que ocorrem em momentos diferentes. Destaca-se, ainda, que tal “relação específica” tem um caráter arbitrário, dependente das convenções que governam a interação falante-ouvinte. Foram apresentadas sete diferentes explicações comportamentais para o mesmo fenômeno. Ao longo dos estudos apresentados, a correspondência foi considerada como (1) um processo de autorregulação; (2) uma cadeia de comportamentos; (3) um caso de comportamento governado por regras; (4) uma discriminação condicional; (5) um caso de equivalência de estímulos; ou como uma (6) classe de respostas generalizada; por fim, foram apresentados estudos que utilizaram (7) as categorias skinnerianas de tato e mando na análise funcional do relato verbal. Discute-se a necessidade de experimentos que avaliem o escopo de cada uma das explicações comportamentais encontradas à luz de novos dados experimentais.Palavras-chave: correspondência, dizer-fazer, comportamento verbal, comportamento não-verbal, revisão conceitual
Editorial
Authors: Garcia Rafael
Published: November 2017

Editorial
El jardín de los Smithson
Authors: Rodríguez García Ana
Published: November 2017

Este articulo aporta un punto de vista no planteado anteriormente: considerar el Upper Lawn Pavilion de Alison y Peter Smithson intencionado heredero de la tradición jardinera inglesa y especialmente del jardín Arts and Crafts, con referencias a Edwin Lutyens y Gertrude Jekyll, entre otros.La investigación profundiza en el análisis del pabellón como parte de un pequeño jardín doméstico y, a su vez, en relación con el paisaje. La casa de fin de semana de los Smithsons es un “cottage garden” con su pavo real topiario, enclavado en el gran jardín paradisiaco que es la finca Fonthill, fruto a su vez de la mejor tradición paisajista inglesa del Pintoresquismo. Representa los tipos de construcciones para el jardín, de larga y profunda tradición en Inglaterra, reinterpretando simultánea e intencionadamente la idea de “folly”, “gazebo”, “pavilion”, “garden room” y “glass room”.
Paco Rabanne: ¿Arquitecto sin arquitecura?
Authors: Muñoz Martín Marta
Published: November 2017

La arquitectura y la indumentaria son disciplinas aparentemente antagónicas, pero a lo largo de la historia podemos observar como los arquitectos han escrito sobre moda, han realizado edificios al servicio de ésta o incluso han diseñado vestidos y complementos. Del mismo modo, muchos modistos y diseñadores de moda han encontrado en la arquitectura una fuente de inspiración, han heredado sus instrumentos o han colaborado con sus figuras más reconocidas para la concepción de sus diseños. La figura de Paco Rabanne constituyó un nuevo paradigma en el diseño de moda. Formado como arquitecto en l’École de Beaux Art de Paris entre 1951 y 1963, en los años 60 aplicó sus conocimientos de arquitectura en la creación de vestidos rupturistas. Influenciado por las vanguardias artísticas de la época, así como por el uso de nuevos materiales y formas en la arquitectura del momento, su obra irrumpió en el panorama de los convulsos años 60, dinamitando la tradicional concepción de la moda e introduciendo materiales y técnicas ajenas a ésta pero propios de la construcción de edificios. Su carácter innovador contribuyó para establecer un paralelismo, hasta entonces poco desarrollado, entre ambas materias.
Assessing the Effectiveness of a Far-red Fluorescent Reporter for Tracking Stem Cells In Vivo
Authors: Zhou Jing , Sharkey Jack , Shukla Rajeev , Plagge Antonius , Murray Patricia
Published: November 2017

Far-red fluorescent reporter genes can be used for tracking cells non-invasively in vivo using fluorescence imaging. Here, we investigate the effectiveness of the far-red fluorescent protein, E2-Crimson (E2C), for tracking mouse embryonic cells (mESCs) in vivo following subcutaneous administration into mice. Using a knock-in strategy, we introduced E2C into the Rosa26 locus of an E14-Bra-GFP mESC line, and after confirming that the E2C had no obvious effect on the phenotype of the mESCs, we injected them into mice and imaged them over 9 days. The results showed that fluorescence intensity was weak, and cells could only be detected when injected at high densities. Furthermore, intensity peaked on day 4 and then started to decrease, despite the fact that tumour volume continued to increase beyond day 4. Histopathological analysis showed that although E2C fluorescence could barely be detected in vivo at day 9, analysis of frozen sections indicated that all mESCs within the tumours continued to express E2C. We hypothesise that the decrease in fluorescence intensity in vivo was probably due to the fact that the mESC tumours became more vascular with time, thus leading to increased absorbance of E2C fluorescence by haemoglobin. We conclude that the E2C reporter has limited use for tracking cells in vivo, at least when introduced as a single copy into the Rosa26 locus.
Interactive Surgery System with 3D Electromagnetic Motion Tracker for Training Surgeons in Skin Cutting Skills Needed in Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Uozumi Yosuke , Nagamune Kouki ,   Research Division on Advanced Information Technology, Cyberscience Center, Tohoku University 6-6-05 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan,   Department of Human and Artificial Intelligence Systems, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
Published: November 2017

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is an effective surgery for knees damaged by osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and post-traumatic arthritis. This procedure requires an expert surgeon with a high level of skill and experience. Although a navigation system for improving precision and shortening operative time has been already studied, there has not yet been a study done on an instruction system for improving the skills of surgeons. The purpose of this study is to develop a training system that teaches the TKA surgery so that non-expert surgeons can use it to obtain skin-cutting skills. The proposed method includes a simulator for a model knee with a 3D electromagnetism motion tracker. Through experimentation, a method of evaluating incisions into the skin is established by tracing a line with a mock scalpel. The proposed method is applied to six non-experts. The results for the length experiments are 87.82±8.88 (Set 1: non-teaching), 92.66±5.77 (Set 2: teaching), and 92.14±6.17 (Set 3: non-teaching). The results for the position experiments are 70.64±15.11 (Set 1: non-teaching), 83.63±10.07 (Set 2: teaching), and 82.05±7.80 (Set 3: non-teaching). In conclusion, the proposed method succeeds in teaching the operator scalpel incision skills.
A Quantitative Quality Measurement for Codebook in Feature Encoding Strategies
Authors: Shinomiya Yuki ,   Kochi University of Technology Tosayamada, Kami, Kochi 782-8502, Japan, Hoshino Yukinobu
Published: November 2017

Nowadays, a feature encoding strategy is a general approach to represent a document, an image or audio as a feature vector. In image recognition problems, this approach treats an image as a set of partial feature descriptors. The set is then converted to a feature vector based on basis vectors called codebook. This paper focuses on a prior probability, which is one of codebook parameters and analyzes dependency for the feature encoding. In this paper, we conducted the following two experiments, analysis of prior probabilities in state-of-the-art encodings and control of prior probabilities. The first experiment investigates the distribution of prior probabilities and compares recognition performances of recent techniques. The results suggest that recognition performance probably depends on the distribution of prior probabilities. The second experiment tries further statistical analysis by controlling the distribution of prior probabilities. The results show a strong negative linear relationship between a standard deviation of prior probabilities and recognition accuracy. From these experiments, the quality of codebook used for feature encoding can be quantitatively measured, and recognition performances can be improved by optimizing codebook. Besides, the codebook is created at an offline step. Therefore, optimizing codebook does not require any additional computational cost for practical applications.
Retinal Blood Vessel Segmentation Using Extreme Learning Machine
Authors: Guo Fan ,   School of Information Science and Engineering, Central South University Changsha, Hunan 410083, China, Xiang Da , Zou Beiji , Zhu Chengzhang , Wang Shengnan
Published: November 2017

Extreme learning machine (ELM) is an effective machine learning technique that widely used in image processing. In this paper, a new supervised method for segmenting blood vessels in retinal images is proposed based on the ELM classifier. The proposed algorithm first constructs a 7-D feature vector using multi-scale Gabor filter, Hessian matrix and bottom-hat transformation. Then, an ELM classifier is trained on gold standard examples of vessel segmentation images to classify previous unseen images. The algorithm was tested on the publicly available DRIVE database – a digital image database for vessel extraction. Experimental results on both real-captured images and public database images demonstrate that our method shows comparative performance against other methods, which make the proposed algorithm a suitable tool for automated retinal image analysis.
Majority Rule Using Collaborative P300 by Auditory Stimulation
Authors: Fujita Kosuke ,   Department of Information Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University Imizu-City, Toyama 939-0398, Japan, Touyama Hideaki
Published: November 2017

In this study, a new method to realize majority rule is presented by using noninvasive brain activities. With the majority rule based on an electroencephalogram (EEG), a technique to determine the attention of multiple users is proposed. In general, a single-shot EEG ensures short-time response, but it is inevitably deteriorated by artifacts. To enhance the accuracy of the majority rule, the collaborative signals of P300 evoked potentials are focused. The collaborative P300 signal is prepared by averaging individual single-shot P300 signals among subjects. In experiments, the EEG signals of twelve volunteers were collected by using auditory stimuli. The subjects paid attention to target stimuli and no attention to standard stimuli. The collaborative P300 signal was used to evaluate the performance of the majority rule. The proposed algorithm enables us to estimate the degree of attention of the group. The classification is based on supervised machine learning, and the accuracy approximately 80%. The applications of this novel technique in multimedia content evaluations as well as neuromarketing and computer-supported co-operative work are discussed.