bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ACUM And ATUM: Adaptive Multi-pixel Aggregation Upsample Modules for Lightweight Arbitrary Scale Super-Resolution
Authors: Tan Xinlei , Wu Fupei
Published: June 2024

While image super-resolution (SR) has made significant breakthroughs with the application of vision transformer (ViT) framework, researchers have primarily focused on enhancing model backbones, ignoring the influence of upsample modules. Mainstream upsample modules predominantly relying on pixshuffle method which lacks spatial and channel interactions among multiple pixels. Moreover, they are limited to specific scale factors (e.g., ×2/×3/×4) rather than accommodating non-integer or asymmetric SR, constraining their reconstructive capabilities. To address these limitations, this paper proposes an innovative adaptive upsample strategy. This strategy aims to effectively aggregate the extracted features and reconstruct high-resolution (HR) image by learning the location and content correlations among feature map pixels. Based on this strategy, we develop two plug-in modules called Adaptive Convolution Upsample Module (ACUM) and Adaptive Transformer Upsample Module (ATUM) for existing lightweight SR networks to perform scale-arbitrary SR. For any low-resolution (LR) images, the two modules can learn to establish the dependencies between each HR image pixel and multiple LR feature pixels to zoom in it with arbitrary scale factors within a single model. Coupling with different kinds of SR backbones, including CNN-based and Vit-based networks, extensive experiments demonstrate that ACUM and ATUM achieves better performance compared to traditional method at specific scale and more efficient at arbitrary scale.
Density-wave-like gap evolution in La3Ni2O7 under high pressure revealed by ultrafast optical spectroscopy
Authors: Yu Xiao Hui , Meng Yanghao , Yang Yi , Sun Hualei , Zhang Sasa , Luo Jianlin , Chen Liucheng , Ma Xiaoli , Wang Meng , Hong Fang , Wang Xinbo
Published: June 2024

Density-wave-like (DW) order is believed to be correlated with superconductivity in the recently discovered high-temperature superconductor La3Ni2O7. However, experimental investigations of its evolution under high pressure are still lacking. Here, we investigate the quasiparticle dynamics in bilayer nickelate La3Ni2O7 single crystals using ultrafast optical pump-probe spectroscopy under high pressures up to 34.2 GPa. Near ambient pressure, the temperature-dependent relaxation dynamics demonstrate a phonon bottleneck effect due to the opening of a DW gap at 151 K, with an energy scale of 66 meV as determined by the Rothwarf-Taylor model. With increasing pressure, this phonon bottleneck effect is gradually suppressed and completely disappears around 26 GPa. Remarkably, at pressures above 29.4 GPa, we observe the emergence of a new DW order with a transition temperature of approximately 130 K. Our study provides the first experimental evidence of the evolution of the DW gap under high pressure, offering critical insights into the correlation between DW order and superconductivity in La3Ni2O7. These findings highlight the complex electronic phase transitions in this material and underscore the role of high pressure in tuning its superconducting and DW properties.
Low-Grade Waste Heat Recovery and Utilisation: A Bibliometric Analysis and Literature Review
Authors: Nyakuma Bemgba B.
Published: June 2024

This study examines the research landscape on the recovery and utilisation of low-grade waste heat (RU/LGWH) through bibliometric analysis and literature review based on publications indexed in Scopus from 2008 to 2022. During this period, a total of 135 publications and 4,759 citations were recorded in RU/LGWH research. Publications trends showed that high publication rates and scientific interest in the topic were largely occasioned by efforts to achieve humanity’s quest for cleaner sources of energy and net zero emissions. The most prolific researchers, affiliations and nations are Sheng Yang, Central South University and China, respectively. The observed dominance of Chinese-based researchers and institutions is ascribed to research funding available from funding organisations/programmes such as the National Natural Science Foundation, among others, that account for 6 out of the top 10 funders of RU/LGWH research. High rates of collaboration between countries (RC = 69.23%) compared to authors (RC = 54.05%) were observed during social network analysis. Hotspots analysis revealed that RU/LGWH research has been majorly focused on three core areas: Energy Recovery and Management (ERM), Economics and Efficiency Assessment (EEA), and Exergy and Performance Analysis (EPA). As such, the various stakeholders have devoted significant resources to exploring and exploiting the technological feasibility, economic viability, and thermodynamic performance of LGWH. Despite the enormous progress recorded, selected grey areas still exist, and we opine the prospects of the field greatly lie in finding solutions to these research gaps.
Automatic ovarian follicle detection using object detection models
Authors: Hassan Maya Haj , Reiter Eric , Razzaq Misbah
Published: June 2024

Ovaries are of paramount importance in reproduction as they produce female gametes through a complex developmental process known as folliculogenesis. In the prospect of better understanding the mechanisms of folliculogenesis and of developing novel pharmacological approaches to control it, it is important to accurately and quantitatively assess the later stages of ovarian folliculogenesis (i.e. the formation of antral follicles and corpus lutea). Manual counting from histological sections is commonly employed to determine the number of these follicular structures, however it is a laborious and error prone task. In this work, we show the benefits of deep learning models for counting antral follicles and corpus lutea in ovarian histology sections. Here, we use various backbone architectures to build two one-stage object detection models, i.e. YOLO and RetinaNet. We employ transfer learning, early stopping, and data augmentation approaches to improve the generalizability of the object detectors. Furthermore, we use sampling strategy to mitigate the foreground-foreground class imbalance and focal loss to reduce the imbalance between the foreground-background classes. Our models were trained and validated using a dataset containing only 1000 images. With RetinaNet, we achieved a mean average precision of 83\% whereas with YOLO of 75% on the testing dataset. Our results demonstrate that deep learning methods are useful to speed up the follicle counting process and improve accuracy by correcting manual counting errors.
The Effect of Brand, Thickness, and Abutment Substrate on the Masking Ability of Monolithic Zirconia Ceramics
Authors:   Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Kassim Mohd Zulkifli , Mustafa Nor Wati Nur Atikah ,   Centre of Studies for Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Jalan Hospital, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia, Ahmad Rohana ,   Centre of Studies for Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Jalan Hospital, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia,   Integrative Pharmacogenomic Institute, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia, Baba Nadim Z ,   Advanced Education Program in Implant Dentistry, School of Dentistry, 11092 Anderson Street, Loma Linda, 92350 California, USA
Published: June 2024

The goal of the present study was to determine the minimum thickness of monolithic zirconia required to achieve an acceptable masking ability and to examine how brand, thickness, and abutment substrate influenced that masking ability (∆E). Seventy-two A2-shade monolithic zirconia disc specimens in various thicknesses (1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mm) were fabricated using three brands: Nacera® Pearl 1, DD cubeX2 and XTCERA TT. A spectrophotometer was used to determine the CIELab values of the specimens, which were placed on a D4-shade resin composite and white acrylic (control) substrates. The ∆E was calculated and compared with the acceptable (AT = 5.5) and perceptible (PT = 2.6) tolerance thresholds. Further investigation was conducted on 72-disc specimens from the monolithic zirconia brand with the best masking ability on D3-shade resin composite and semi-precious alloy. Using two-way ANOVA, the interaction of thickness, brand, and abutment substrate on ∆E was investigated. Nacera® Pearl 1 at 1.5 mm thickness was sufficient to achieve AT on a D4-shade resin composite substrate, whereas 2.0 mm of DD cubeX2 and XTCERA TT were required. Nacera® Pearl 1 further testing on two other substrates requires thicknesses of 1.5 mm and 1.0 mm, respectively. Only the Nacera® Pearl 1 group achieved PT on D3- and D4-shade resin composite (2.0 mm) and semi-precious alloy substrates (1.5 mm). Brand, thickness, and abutment substrate influenced the ∆E (p < 0.001). To achieve an acceptable masking ability, the minimum thickness of monolithic zirconia tested on D3- and D4-shade resin composite and semi-precious alloy should be around 1.5 mm to 2.0 mm.
Risk management through a Kohonen map bank business model survey: The case of Ukraine
Authors: Zarutska Olena , Dobrovolska Olena , Masiuk Iuliia , Sonntag Ralph , Ortmanns Wolfgang
Published: June 2024

The purpose of this paper is to identify the peculiarities of banks’ business models and assess their risks, which is especially relevant in the context of the war in Ukraine since 2014. The information base is the published statements for each month of 63 Ukrainian banks for the period from 1 January 2018 to 1 January 2024. The number of indicators is chosen in an empirical manner. Business models are investigated using the method of structural-functional groups of banks, which allows estimating large arrays of financial indicators, grouping banks with similar characteristics and drawing conclusions about the main risks. It is convenient to use neural networks, namely Kohonen’s self-organizing maps, to estimate large data sets. The largest group of banks places a significant part of assets in government securities and has an unstable resource base. The share of these banks in the system as of January 1, 2024 is 38% and total assets are 10%. The second group by number of banks is focused on corporate lending with a high share of current resources in liabilities, and includes 21% of banks, whose assets account for 31% of total assets. State-owned banks, PrivatBank and OschadBank, account for 35% of total assets. The business models of these banks are characterized by dependence on retail funds, a high share of investment operations, and high credit and currency risks. Ukraine’s banking system has significantly developed a risk-oriented approach to management, which allowed it to maintain stability in the face of a full-scale war.
Fatores interferentes na reposição de vitamina D e cálcio em idosos: Inquérito domiciliar
Authors: Claro Maísa de Lima , Moura Paloma Lima , Ibiapina Aline Raquel de Sousa , Dos Santos Luís Eduardo Soares , Costa e Silva Danilla Michelle , Formiga Laura Maria Feitosa
Published: June 2024

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo analisar a frequência e fatores associados a reposição de vitamina D e cálcio em idosos, residentes da zona urbana da cidade de Picos/Piauí. Consistiu de um estudo observacional do tipo transversal, cujos dados advém do Inquérito de Saúde de Base Populacional. Participou 143 idosos, residentes da zona urbana. Os dados coletados foram reposição de vitamina D e cálcio, sociodemográficos, percepção de saúde e estilo de vida, realizando análises estatísticas inferenciais. Os dados apontaram que mais da metade dos idosos realizavam exposição solar, porém não faziam reposição de vitamina D e cálcio. Foi observado que o sexo, escolaridade, estado de saúde e participação de atividades sociais são os principais fatores associados à reposição. Sugere-se que participar de grupos socias e ser do sexo feminino é fator de proteção para a saúde. Achados relevantes destacam a baixa reposição de vitamina D e cálcio entre a maioria dos idosos estudados, e que diversos fatores podem contribuir para esta condição.
Involvement of Molecular Mechanism and Biological Activities of Pemirolast: A Therapeutic Review
Authors: Singh Vivek , Arora Swamita , Akram Wasim , Alam Sanjar , Kumari Lovely , Kumar Neeraj , Kumar Bikash , Kumar Santosh , Agrawal Mohit , Singhal Manmohan , Kumar Shivendra , Singh Shubham , Singh Kuldeep , Saha Sunam , Dwivedi Vivek
Published: June 2024

:

This review paper aims to investigate the therapeutic benefits of pemirolast across different medical conditions, including asthma, allergic rhinitis,
cancer, conjunctivitis, etc. The prevalence of allergic conditions has risen in recent decades, primarily attributed to environmental factors. This
paper explores the role of pemirolast in managing and mitigating these diseases, shedding light on its potential applications in the context of
evolving environmental influences.

:

This review paper investigates the diverse biological activities exhibited by pemirolast, encompassing its roles as an antimicrobial, analgesic,
antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antihistamine, mast cell stabilizer, anti-tubercular, anticancer, anti-asthmatic, anti-malarial, diuretic, antianxiety,
and antifungal agent. The positive outcomes of pemirolast application in various diseases are highlighted, showcasing its potential across a
spectrum of medical conditions.

:

The pharmacological impact of pemirolast extends to diverse inflammatory mediators, enzymes, and hormones associated with various diseases.
Pemirolast demonstrates inhibitory effects on key elements such as eosinophil activation, histamine, leukotriene, IgE, mast cells, basophils,
prostaglandin, interleukin, T-helper cells, macrophage T-cells, neutrophils, tryptase, T-lymphocytes, interferons I-III, Amyloid β (Aβ) peptide,
dsRNA transcription, GABA, dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine. This comprehensive exploration underscores pemirolast inhibitory actions
across disorders, emphasizing its potential therapeutic relevance in diverse pathological conditions.

:

This review paper illuminates pemirolast potassium's versatile biological and therapeutic applications across various diseases. The potential
synergies of combining pemirolast with buspirone, ritanserin, theophylline, and capreomycin are explored, showcasing its ability to elicit beneficial
responses in addressing diverse ailments.
Relationships Among Serological Indicators and In Vitro High-Throughput Drug Sensitivity Screening Results in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Feng Xu , Feng Guo-Ying , Tao Jie , Ao Yu-Pei , Wu Xin-Hua , Qi Shi-Guai , Shi Zheng-Rong , Gao Ling-Yun
Published: June 2024

Aim:

The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between serum indicators
and high-throughput drug screening (HDS) results, aiming to achieve specific therapy for
hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods:

This study recruited patients with HCC who underwent surgical resection at the
Hepatobiliary Surgery Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University
from December 2019 to December 2021. HCC tissues were obtained from patients during surgery
and subjected to in vitro cell culture, and then HDS testing was performed on the cultured
tissue samples. We used Spearman's correlation analysis to examine the relationships between
drug sensitivity results for anti-hepatocellular carcinoma drugs, other antitumor drugs, and serological
indicators, the Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Platelet Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR),
Systemic Immune Inflammatory Index (SII), Systemic Inflammatory Response Index (SIRI),
Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI), and Lymphocyte Monocyte Ratio (LMR). A significant correlation
was considered when P<0.05 and |r|>0.40. Furthermore, linear regression analysis was
conducted to elucidate the relationship between serological indicators and drug susceptibility,
with significant results indicated by P<0.05 and R²≥0.50.

Results:

In this study, 82 patients with HCC who had undergone hepatectomy and completed in
vitro cell culture and HDS testing were evaluated. Using Spearman's correlation with a significance
threshold of P<0.05 and |r|>0.40, we identified significant associations between serological
indicators and specific drug regimens: NLR correlated with 5-Fluorouracil, 5-
Fluorouracil+Calcium folinate (FOLFOX4), and Capecitabine + Cisplatin (XP); PLR with FOLFOX4;
SII with XP, FOLFOX4, Doxorubicin + Oxaliplatin (ADM+L-OHP); and SIRI with XP
and FOLFOX4. No correlations were found between PNI or LMR and any drug inhibition rates.
A comprehensive evaluation using linear regression analysis—which included variables such as
sex, age, hepatitis B virus and liver cirrhosis status, size and number of lesions, alphafetoprotein,
total bilirubin, albumin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and
prothrombin time, alongside NLR, PLR, SII, and SIRI was conducted in relation to drug regimens.
This analysis revealed that NLR, SII, and SIRI are significant predictors of FOLFOX4 inhibition
rate, while NLR predicts the inhibition rate of XP effectively. However, no significant
links were established between molecular targeted drugs, other antitumor drugs, and serological
indicators.

Conclusions:

NLR, SII, and SIRI were correlated with FOLFOX4, and the higher the values of
NLR, SII, and SIRI, the higher the in vitro inhibition of FOLFOX. Also, NLR was correlated
with XP, and the higher the value of NLR, the higher the in vitro inhibition of XP.
Computational Study on Pressure Drop Inside Slurry Pipeline for Iron
Ore Slurry Flow
Authors: Singh Mandeep , Kumar Satish , Singh Jatinder Pal , Kumar Sagar , Singh Jashanpreet
Published: June 2024

Background::

Utilizing highly concentrated slurry is recommended due to its ability to
reduce both operational expenses and water use. In the previous studies, the pressure drop analysis
on coal, sand, and coal ashes was investigated. However, there is a scarcity of research on the pressure
drop properties of iron ore slurry, particularly when it comes to highly concentrated slurries.

Aim::

This patent aims to replicate the iron ore flow in a hydro-slurry pipe, specifically focusing on
predicting the features of pressure drop, distribution of volume fraction, and behaviour of solid particles.

Objective::

This patent presents the CFD modelling of pressure drop characteristics of iron ore-water
multiphase flow inside a hydro-slurry pipeline

Results::

Results show that the augmentation in pressure drop is non-linearly correlated with both the
granular concentration and the velocity. The size of the efflux concentration zone expands as the
concentration rises, but this zone shrinks as the velocity increases. The variation in volume fraction
at the lower periphery of the pipe decreases with an increase in velocity and increases with the size
of particle and granular concentration. The turbulent intensity of the mixture was affected marginally
with an increase in concentration but highly by velocity. The variation in granular size increased
turbulence as large particles caused additional turbulence. The velocity profile recorded marginal
variation in the pattern of solid phase flow with variations in granular concentration, granular size,
and velocity. The change in velocity resulted in particle shifting.

Methods::

A granular flow was represented using an Eulerian technique based on kinetic theory to
depict multiphase phenomena. Simulations were carried out on a pipeline with a 50 mm diameter.
The velocity ranged from 2 to 5 m/s, whereas the efflux concentration varied between 20% and 60%.
An analysis was conducted on the impact of granular size at a greater concentration. The numerical
code was validated using experimental findings, and it was determined that the RNG k-ε turbulent
model exhibited satisfactory validation with the experimental data.

Conclusion::

As per this patent, the RNG k-ε turbulent model is superior to the other multiphase
models for ore-water flow analysis.
Percursos escolares e participação social dos jovens: As origens de classe ainda são relevantes?
Authors: Abrantes Pedro , Palhares José Augusto , Torres Leonor Lima
Published: June 2024

O presente artigo discute até que ponto as origens sociais são condicionantes dos percursos escolares e de participação social dos jovens, no Portugal contemporâneo. Para isso, num primeiro momento, procede a um levantamento de diferentes filões de pesquisa que, a nível nacional e internacional, têm abordado esta questão. Explicitam-se os protocolos metodológicos e, em seguida, apresenta-se e discute-se um conjunto de dados obtidos a partir de um inquérito aplicado pela Direção-Geral de Estatísticas da Educação e Ciência a uma amostra nacional dos estudantes no 10.º ano de escolaridade (n= 241.341). Os resultados apontam para percursos escolares e, em menor escala, indicam, também, taxas de participação social ainda bastante marcados por desigualdades familiares, num padrão de sucessivas (des)vantagens que se vão acumulando ao longo das trajetórias infantis e juvenis.
Streetfront: Stories about Perseverance, Resilience, and Running in the Downtown Eastside
Authors: van Hoven Bettina
Published: June 2024

This book is a collection of stories about students that have attended Streetfront, an alternative high school program located on Vancouver’s East Side, Canada. Through running, they find the perseverance and dedication they need in their lives. Through 16 in-depth interviews with indigenous youth and teachers from Streetfront, the book provides a unique perspective on the challenges and triumphs of these young people. With a focus on community-driven solutions and the power of sport to create positive change, "Streetfront" is a must-read for anyone interested in sustainable development and social justice.
Influencia de variables ambientales en la distribución espacio-temporal de anuros durante la época reproductiva en el sureste de Brasil
Authors: Delprá-Cachulo Joyce Mara , Peredo-Rivera Ernesto , Palacio-Núñez Jorge , Toledo Luis Felipe , Olivera-Méndez Alejandra , Martínez-Montoya Luis Felipe
Published: June 2024

El sureste de Brasil contiene una gran riqueza específica de anfibios anuros, los cuales enfrentan diversas amenazas, tales como degradación del ambiente y el cambio climático. Ante esto, es necesario realizar más estudios sobre la influencia de las variables ambientales en su distribución espacio-temporal, especialmente en la época reproductiva. Por ello, el objetivo de este estudio fue identificar las principales variables ambientales, climáticas y del hábitat, que influyen en la distribución de anfibios anuros en la Serra do Japi, São Paulo, Brasil. La toma de datos en campo se realizó a escala fina, en los sitios de estudio Montanhas do Japi (MJ) y Sítio do Sol (SS), donde se midieron variables ambientales: climáticas (temperatura y humedad relativa del aire) y elevación del terreno, así como variables del hábitat (tipos de sustrato, posición dentro del sustrato, pendiente del terreno, altura del individuo al suelo y distancia al espejo de agua). Las variables elevación, temperatura y humedad relativa fueron analizadas a través del coeficiente de correlación de Pearson; mientras que las variables del hábitat y ubicación se evaluaron mediante un enfoque multivariado, utilizando análisis de cluster con la técnica de k-medias. En MJ se obtuvieron cuatro cluster, con seis especies de anuros, donde la predominante fue Brachycephalus rotenbergae. En SS se obtuvieron tres cluster, con siete especies, donde la predominante fue Phyllomedusa burmeisteri. Se obtuvo la distribución espacio temporal bajo diferente combinación de variables, donde se incluyó información fina sobre el sustrato (agua o adyacente al agua, suelo, vegetación) y la posición del individuo observado (en el agua o sobre el suelo, hojarasca, vegetación herbácea/arbustiva). Se confirmó que hay dependencia de situaciones ambientales y climática en las condiciones reproductivas de los anuros que viven en condiciones de Mata Atlântica, aunque hubo poca variabilidad explicada con base a los datos analizados. Estos resultados contribuyen en la generación de conocimiento más puntual sobre los requerimientos de los anuros durante su época reproductiva.
Exploring How Virtual Reality Could Be Used to Treat Eating Disorders: Qualitative Study of People With Eating Disorders and Clinicians Who Treat Them
Authors: Bould Helen , Kennedy Mari-Rose , Penton-Voak Ian , Thomas Lisa May , Bird Jon , Biddle Lucy
Published: June 2024

Background

Immersive virtual reality (VR) interventions are being developed and trialed for use in the treatment of eating disorders. However, little work has explored the opinions of people with eating disorders, or the clinicians who treat them, on the possible use of VR in this context.

Objective

This study aims to use qualitative methodology to explore the views of people with eating disorders, and clinicians who treat them, on the possible use of VR in the treatment of eating disorders.

Methods

We conducted a series of focus groups and interviews with people with lived experience of eating disorders and clinicians on their views about VR and how it could potentially be used in the treatment of eating disorders. People with lived experience of eating disorders were recruited between October and December 2020, with focus groups held online between November 2020 and February 2021; clinicians were recruited in September 2021 and interviewed between September and October 2021. We took a thematic approach to analyzing the resulting qualitative data.

Results

We conducted 3 focus groups with 10 individuals with a current or previous eating disorder, 2 focus groups with 4 participants, and 1 with 2 participants. We held individual interviews with 4 clinicians experienced in treating people with eating disorders. Clinicians were all interviewed one-to-one because of difficulties in scheduling mutually convenient groups. We describe themes around representing the body in VR, potential therapeutic uses for VR, the strengths and limitations of VR in this context, and the practicalities of delivering VR therapy. Suggested therapeutic uses were to practice challenging situations around food-related and weight/appearance-related scenarios and interactions, to retrain attention, the representation of the body, to represent the eating disorder, for psychoeducation, and to enable therapeutic conversations with oneself. There was a substantial agreement between the groups on these themes.

Conclusions

People with lived experience of eating disorders and clinicians with experience in treating eating disorders generated many ideas as to how VR could be used as a part of eating disorders treatment. They were also aware of potential limitations and expressed the need for caution around how bodies are represented in a VR setting.
Barriers and Facilitators to the Implementation of Virtual Reality Interventions for People With Chronic Pain: Scoping Review
Authors: Elser Alexander , Lange Marina , Kopkow Christian , Schäfer Axel Georg
Published: June 2024

Background

Chronic pain is a growing health problem worldwide with a significant impact on individuals and societies. In regard to treatment, there is a gap between guideline recommendations and common practice in health care, especially concerning cognitive and psychological interventions. Virtual reality (VR) may provide a way to improve this situation. A growing body of evidence indicates that VR therapy has positive effects on pain and physical function. However, there is limited knowledge about barriers and facilitators to the implementation of VR interventions for people with chronic pain in health care settings.

Objective

The aim of this study was to identify and analyze the barriers and facilitators involved in implementing VR interventions for people with chronic pain.

Methods

We conducted a scoping review of the German and English literature using the MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, PEDro, LILACS, and Web of Science (inception to November 2023) databases, including quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods studies reporting barriers and facilitators to the implementation of VR interventions for people with chronic pain, as reported by patients or health care professionals. Two reviewers systematically screened the abstracts and full texts of retrieved articles according to the inclusion criteria. All mentioned barriers and facilitators were extracted and categorized according to the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF).

Results

The database search resulted in 1864 records after removal of duplicates. From the 14 included studies, 30 barriers and 33 facilitators from the patient perspective and 2 facilitators from the health care professional perspective were extracted. Barriers reported by people with chronic pain were most frequently assigned to the TDF domains environmental context (60%) and skills (16.7%). Most facilitators were found in three domains for both the patients and health care professionals: beliefs about consequences (30.3%), emotions (18.2%), and environmental context (18.2%).

Conclusions

The findings of this review can inform the development of strategies for future implementations of VR interventions for people with chronic pain. Additionally, further research should address knowledge gaps about the perspective of health care professionals regarding the implementation of VR interventions for people with chronic pain.
Use of Creative Frameworks in Health Care to Solve Data and Information Problems: Scoping Review
Authors: Mess Elisabeth Veronica , Kramer Frank , Krumme Julia , Kanelakis Nico , Teynor Alexandra
Published: June 2024

Background

Digitization is vital for data management, especially in health care. However, problems still hinder health care stakeholders in their daily work while collecting, processing, and providing health data or information. Data are missing, incorrect, cannot be collected, or information is inadequately presented. These problems can be seen as data or information problems. A proven way to elicit requirements for (software) systems is by using creative frameworks (eg, user-centered design, design thinking, lean UX [user experience], or service design) or creative methods (eg, mind mapping, storyboarding, 6 thinking hats, or interaction room). However, to what extent they are used to solve data or information-related problems in health care is unclear.

Objective

The primary objective of this scoping review is to investigate the use of creative frameworks in addressing data and information problems in health care.

Methods

Following JBI guidelines and the PRISMA-ScR framework, this paper analyzes selected papers, answering whether creative frameworks addressed health care data or information problems. Focusing on data problems (elicitation or collection, processing) and information problems (provision or visualization), the review examined German and English papers published between 2018 and 2022 using keywords related to “data,” “design,” and “user-centered.” The database SCOPUS was used.

Results

Of the 898 query results, only 23 papers described a data or information problem and a creative method to solve it. These were included in the follow-up analysis and divided into different problem categories: data collection (n=7), data processing (n=1), information visualization (n=11), and mixed problems meaning data and information problem present (n=4). The analysis showed that most identified problems fall into the information visualization category. This could indicate that creative frameworks are particularly suitable for solving information or visualization problems and less for other, more abstract areas such as data problems. The results also showed that most researchers applied a creative framework after they knew what specific (data or information) problem they had (n=21). Only a minority chose a creative framework to identify a problem and realize it was a data or information problem (n=2). In response to these findings, the paper discusses the need for a new approach that addresses health care data and information challenges by promoting collaboration, iterative feedback, and user-centered development.

Conclusions

Although the potential of creative frameworks is undisputed, applying these in solving data and information problems is a minority. To harness this potential, a suitable method needs to be developed to support health care system stakeholders. This method could be the User-Centered Data Approach.
Educational Utility of Clinical Vignettes Generated in Japanese by ChatGPT-4: Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Takahashi Hiromizu , Shikino Kiyoshi , Kondo Takeshi , Komori Akira , Yamada Yuji , Saita Mizue , Naito Toshio
Published: June 2024

Background

Evaluating the accuracy and educational utility of artificial intelligence–generated medical cases, especially those produced by large language models such as ChatGPT-4 (developed by OpenAI), is crucial yet underexplored.

Objective

This study aimed to assess the educational utility of ChatGPT-4–generated clinical vignettes and their applicability in educational settings.

Methods

Using a convergent mixed methods design, a web-based survey was conducted from January 8 to 28, 2024, to evaluate 18 medical cases generated by ChatGPT-4 in Japanese. In the survey, 6 main question items were used to evaluate the quality of the generated clinical vignettes and their educational utility, which are information quality, information accuracy, educational usefulness, clinical match, terminology accuracy (TA), and diagnosis difficulty. Feedback was solicited from physicians specializing in general internal medicine or general medicine and experienced in medical education. Chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests were performed to identify differences among cases, and linear regression was used to examine trends associated with physicians’ experience. Thematic analysis of qualitative feedback was performed to identify areas for improvement and confirm the educational utility of the cases.

Results

Of the 73 invited participants, 71 (97%) responded. The respondents, primarily male (64/71, 90%), spanned a broad range of practice years (from 1976 to 2017) and represented diverse hospital sizes throughout Japan. The majority deemed the information quality (mean 0.77, 95% CI 0.75-0.79) and information accuracy (mean 0.68, 95% CI 0.65-0.71) to be satisfactory, with these responses being based on binary data. The average scores assigned were 3.55 (95% CI 3.49-3.60) for educational usefulness, 3.70 (95% CI 3.65-3.75) for clinical match, 3.49 (95% CI 3.44-3.55) for TA, and 2.34 (95% CI 2.28-2.40) for diagnosis difficulty, based on a 5-point Likert scale. Statistical analysis showed significant variability in content quality and relevance across the cases (P<.001 after Bonferroni correction). Participants suggested improvements in generating physical findings, using natural language, and enhancing medical TA. The thematic analysis highlighted the need for clearer documentation, clinical information consistency, content relevance, and patient-centered case presentations.

Conclusions

ChatGPT-4–generated medical cases written in Japanese possess considerable potential as resources in medical education, with recognized adequacy in quality and accuracy. Nevertheless, there is a notable need for enhancements in the precision and realism of case details. This study emphasizes ChatGPT-4’s value as an adjunctive educational tool in the medical field, requiring expert oversight for optimal application.
A Language Model–Powered Simulated Patient With Automated Feedback for History Taking: Prospective Study
Authors: Holderried Friederike , Stegemann-Philipps Christian , Herrmann-Werner Anne , Festl-Wietek Teresa , Holderried Martin , Eickhoff Carsten , Mahling Moritz
Published: June 2024

Background

Although history taking is fundamental for diagnosing medical conditions, teaching and providing feedback on the skill can be challenging due to resource constraints. Virtual simulated patients and web-based chatbots have thus emerged as educational tools, with recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) such as large language models (LLMs) enhancing their realism and potential to provide feedback.

Objective

In our study, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a Generative Pretrained Transformer (GPT) 4 model to provide structured feedback on medical students’ performance in history taking with a simulated patient.

Methods

We conducted a prospective study involving medical students performing history taking with a GPT-powered chatbot. To that end, we designed a chatbot to simulate patients’ responses and provide immediate feedback on the comprehensiveness of the students’ history taking. Students’ interactions with the chatbot were analyzed, and feedback from the chatbot was compared with feedback from a human rater. We measured interrater reliability and performed a descriptive analysis to assess the quality of feedback.

Results

Most of the study’s participants were in their third year of medical school. A total of 1894 question-answer pairs from 106 conversations were included in our analysis. GPT-4’s role-play and responses were medically plausible in more than 99% of cases. Interrater reliability between GPT-4 and the human rater showed “almost perfect” agreement (Cohen κ=0.832). Less agreement (κ<0.6) detected for 8 out of 45 feedback categories highlighted topics about which the model’s assessments were overly specific or diverged from human judgement.

Conclusions

The GPT model was effective in providing structured feedback on history-taking dialogs provided by medical students. Although we unraveled some limitations regarding the specificity of feedback for certain feedback categories, the overall high agreement with human raters suggests that LLMs can be a valuable tool for medical education. Our findings, thus, advocate the careful integration of AI-driven feedback mechanisms in medical training and highlight important aspects when LLMs are used in that context.
How to create inspiring cultural experiences fuelled by AI
Authors: Papadimitriou Irini
Published: June 2024

At The New Real, we want to reflect and represent those at the forefront of art and AI – and to work with them to develop actionable strategies and signposts for practitioners.
Here Irini Papadimitriou, Creative Director at FutureEverything and renowned curator of AI arts, looks at what it takes to create significant art and inspiring cultural experiences fuelled by AI
We wanted to know: Putting efficiency and productivity to one side, what are the transformative cultural experiences for audiences? What makes works fuelled by AI interesting or inspiring? How do curators or funders recognise artistic excellence or significance in AI art? How can AI art enrich culture rather than impoverish it? What makes a cultural experience 'intelligent'? What do you hope to see in AI art in the future?
Data Politics
Authors: Currie Morgan , Catanzariti Benedetta
Published: June 2024

Human-made datasets carry with them the prejudices and assumptions of their creators. Can art subvert and expose the process?
¡Por mis calzones! Narrativas de liberación y des-vergüenza
Authors: Belausteguigoitia Rius María Isabel , Romero Morales Mitzi Valeria , Canales Viveros Sthefany Daniela , Barrena Nájera Guadalupe , Agapito Molina Adriana , Alvarado Maya Óscar , Andrade Eulogio Yazmin , Aragón Juárez Araceli , Ávila Rivera Paloma , Bautista García Lizeth Araceli , Campos Medina Frida , Chavarria Pilar Daniela Danaee , Cruz Pineda Rafael , Dominguez Caballero Alpha Elizabeth , García Jiménez Jessica Itzel , García Santibañez Alexia Michelle , González Arroyo Denisse Guadalupe , González Carreón Wendy Samantha , Hernández Álvarez Dania Fernanda , Lazcano Martínez Vanessa Alejandra , López Alvarado Sofía , López Castrejón Diana Montserrat , López Garza Osmar , Muñoz Campos Jade Ameyalli , Olascoaga Hernández Nataly , Ornelas Cisneros José Alberto , Pérez Flores Karla , Portillo González Nayeli Joanna , Ramírez González Melanie , Ramírez Pérez Janeth , Rivas Rodríguez Astrid Danae , Rosales Gallegos Ricardo Alexis , Tejeda Plaza Viviana , Torres Cruz Jeimmy Alexia , Torres Espinoza Daniela , Toscuento del Sordo André , Cruz Cruz Erendira Yadira , Ytza Paéz Nictexa , Capistrán Viviana , Dávila Madrid Gabriela , García Jiménez Alexis Iker , Tovar Cervantes Tania Gisel
Published: June 2024

Los escritos que conforman este libro son producto de la asignatura «Género, violencia y ética comunitaria» de la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras UNAM, creada como parte de las demandas del colectivo Mujeres Organizadas de la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras. Pretende favorecer el trabajo entre estudiantes y profesorado, al reconocer la labor creadora de las propias estudiantes y el trabajo conjunto. Los textos dan cuenta del proceso de estudiantes de primer semestre en su paso por la asignatura. Muestran la manera en que el puritanismo y el punitivismo pueden resistirse y combatirse a partir de una escritura basada en el humor, la crítica y lecturas teóricas de literatura con las perspectivas que se desprenden de un feminismo crítico y lúdico.
Intensional Transitives and Presuppositions
Authors: Sainsbury R. M.
Published: June 2024

My commentators point to respects in which the picture provided in Reference without Referents is incomplete. The picture provided no account of how sentences constructed from intensional verbs (like “John thought about Pegasus”) can be true when one of the referring expressions fails to refer. And it gave an incomplete, and possibly misleading, account of how to understand certain serious  uses of fictional names, as in “Anna Karenina is more intelligent than Emma Bovary” and “Anna Karenina does not exist”. In the present response, I indicate how I would now wish to make good these deficiencies. The truth of sentences constructed from intensional verbs can be explained in terms of the truth of sentences that are unproblematic for RWR, for example, sentences dominated by operators expressing propositional attitudes. Reflection on the way in which we can temporarily accept commitments we do not in fact share leads to a more nuanced account of serious uses of fictional names, some of which manifest precisely such a temporary acceptance.
Formulation and Evaluation of Face Scrub from Aegle Marvelous Fruit
Authors: Chaudhari Anjali
Published: June 2024

Abstract: Scrub is defined as the products used for the purpose of beautifying, cleansing, promoting attractiveness or alternating the appearance. The aim of study is to and revives on application use of Beal fruit in preparation of face scrub as an active ingredient. Scrub is use For the purpose of enhancing skin beauty, several skin conditions are developed, such as skin protection, sunscreen, anti-acne, and anti-wrinkle products. Despite the enormous health benefits of synthetic substances, which once more cause environmental destruction, demand for herbal items and cosmetics is r rising daily. Due to their dual functionality as medications and cosmetics, natural cosmetics are in high demand nowadays. A facial scrub is a cosmetic or a beauty product used to exfoliate and clean the skin on the face and body. Blackheads, whiteheads, sebum, and skin cells can all be removed by using face scrubs. In this face scrub, Cosmetics eagle marvelous is used as an active ingredient. The other ingredients like sugar, honey, carpool, Methyl paraben, distilled water, Propylene glycol, sodium lauryl sulPhate, triethanolamine. The prepared scrub is evaluated for the various parameters such as appearance, PH, viscosity, spread ability, wash ability, irritability and found to be satisfied with all required characterizations. Thus, the developed formulation can be used as an effective scrub for healthy and glowing skin.
Mitigating DDoS Attacks on IoT Networks: Strategies and Solutions
Authors: Zaidi Syed Ali Nawaz
Published: June 2024

Abstract: Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks pose a significant threat to the integrity and availability of Internet of Things (IoT) networks. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the nature of DDoS attacks targeting IoT devices and proposes strategies and solutions to effectively mitigate these threats. By exploring the underlying vulnerabilities of IoT devices and examining various mitigation techniques, this paper seeks to equip organizations with the knowledge and tools necessary to protect their IoT environments from DDoS attacks
Insights into Structural and Optical Properties of ZnO Nanoparticles
Authors: Yenorkar Gunjan E.
Published: June 2024

Abstract: ZnO nanoparticles have been synthesized from zinc nitrate as precursor and potassium hydroxide as precipitating agent using precipitation method. The prepared nanoparticles were characterized by using X-ray diffraction, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and UV-Visible Spectroscopy analysis confirmed the formation of ZnO nanoparticles having hexagonal unit cell and wurtzite structure. The FTIR analysis provided information about the presence of functional groups in prepared nanoparticles. The UV-Vis absorption spectrum showed prominent peaks near to 360nm range whereas small peaks were also seen near to that region. The energy band gap and Urbach energies were also calculated as 3.16ev and 0.11364ev using Tauc plot and Urbach energy plots respectively. The synthesis method demonstrated simplicity and scalability, suggesting its potential for large-scale production in various applications
Movie Recommendation System with Fake Review Detection Using Deep Learning
Authors: Harikumar Varsha
Published: June 2024

Abstract: With the rapid development of network technology and entertainment creation, the diversity of movie genres has expanded significantly. Users often face the challenge of selecting movies that align with their preferences. Deep learning, a field that has garnered substantial attention from scholars, offers the potential to model more complex structures due to its deep architecture. This study proposes a personalized movie recommendation system integrating deep learning for enhanced accuracy and tailored suggestions. We combine personalized recommendation and collaborative filtering algorithms, leveraging users’ historical behaviors and big data from the mobile Internet and social media. Collaborative filtering techniques are employed within the context of movie recommendations. Specifically, we utilize the Seq2Seq model based on LSTM recurrent neural networks for deep learning. We also address the issue of fake reviews by integrating deep learning techniques to identify and filter out unreliable reviews. Overall, our system aims to create a more reliable and enjoyable movie-watching experience for users.