bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Computational and numerical simulations for the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) model
Authors: Attia Raghda A. M. , Baleanu Dumitru , Lu Dianchen , Khater Mostafa M. A. , Ahmed El-Sayed
Published: March 2021

In this research paper, the modified Khater method, the Adomian decomposition method, and B-spline techniques (cubic, quintic, and septic) are applied to the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) model to get the analytical, semi-analytical, and numerical solutions. These solutions comprise much information about the dynamical behavior of the homogenous long elastic rods with a circular section. These rods constitute a pair of the polynucleotide rods of the DNA molecule which are plugged by an elastic diaphragm that demonstrates the hydrogen bond's role in this communication. The stability property is checked for some solutions to show more effective and powerful of obtained solutions. Based on the role of analytical and semi-analytical techniques in the motivation of the numerical techniques to be more accurate, the B-spline numerical techniques are applied by using the obtained exact solutions on the DNA model to show which one of them is more accurate than other, to explain more of the dynamic behavior of the homogenous long elastic rods, and to show the coincidence between the different types of obtained solutions. The obtained solutions verified with Maple 16 & Mathematica 12 by placing them back into the original equations. The performance of these methods shows the power and effectiveness of them for applying to many different forms of the nonlinear evolution equations with an integer and fractional order.
Analytical study of fractional nonlinear Schrödinger equation with harmonic oscillator
Authors: Goswami Amit , Rathore Sushila , Singh Jagdev , Kumar Devendra
Published: March 2021

In this paper, an effective analytical scheme based on Sumudu transform known as homotopy perturbation Sumudu transform method (HPSTM) is employed to find numerical solutions of time fractional Schrödinger equations with harmonic oscillator.These nonlinear time fractional Schrödinger equations describe the various phenomena in physics such as motion of quantum oscillator, lattice vibration, propagation of electromagnetic waves, fluid flow, etc. The main objective of this study is to show the effectiveness of HPSTM, which do not require small parameters and avoid linearization and physically unrealistic assumptions. The results reveal that proposed scheme is a powerful tool for study large class of problems. This study shows that the results obtained by the HPSTM are accurate and effective for analysis the nonlinear behaviour of complex systems and efficient over other available analytical schemes.
Identification of potential genes associated with immune cell infiltration in atherosclerosis
Authors: Xia Xiaodong , Wang Manman , Li Jiao , Chen Qiang , Jin Heng , Liang Xue , Wang Lijun
Published: March 2021

Background

This study aimed to analyze the potential genes associated with immune cell infiltration in atherosclerosis (AS).

Methods

Gene expression profile data (GSE57691) of human arterial tissue samples were downloaded, and differentially expressed RNAs (DERNAs; long-noncoding RNA [lncRNAs], microRNAs [miRNAs], and messenger RNAs [mRNAs]) in AS vs. control groups were selected. Based on genome-wide expression levels, the proportion of infiltrating immune cells in each sample was assessed. Genes associated with immune infiltration were selected, and subjected to Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses. Finally, a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network was constructed, and the genes in the network were subjected to functional analyses.

Results

A total of 1749 DERNAs meeting the thresholds were screened, including 1673 DEmRNAs, 63 DElncRNAs, and 13 DEmiRNAs. The proportions of B cells, CD4+ T cells, and CD8+ T cells were significantly different between the two groups. In total, 341 immune-associated genes such as HBB, FCN1, IL1B, CXCL8, RPS27A, CCN3, CTSZ, and SERPINA3 were obtained that were enriched in 70 significantly related GO biological processes (such as immune response) and 15 KEGG pathways (such as chemokine signaling pathway). A ceRNA network, including 33 lncRNAs, 11 miRNAs, and 216 mRNAs, was established.

Conclusion

Genes such as FCN1, IL1B, and SERPINA3 may be involved in immune cell infiltration and may play important roles in AS progression via ceRNA regulation.
Vivre avec la mémoire de la catastrophe
Authors: Reghezza-Zitt Magali , Benitez Fanny , Devès Maud H.
Published: March 2021

L’objet de cet article est d’interroger la spatialité de la mémoire post-catastrophe et de montrer qu’elle modifie le rapport au territoire des habitants qui ont vécu l’événement. En considérant la crise éruptive de la Soufrière des années 1975-1977, nous étudions à la fois la mise en mémoire institutionnelle des événements et les mémoires individuelles des témoins directs. Nous montrons que quarante ans plus tard, les personnes conservent une mémoire sensible et chargée d’affects, qui est fortement spatialisée et qui possède une spatialité particulière. Vivre avec le volcan consiste aussi à vivre avec le souvenir de cette crise, qui est interprétée par les personnes comme une catastrophe. La mémoire produit ainsi de nouvelles territorialités et de nouveaux modes d’habiter. À l’inverse de la mémoire individuelle, la mémoire institutionnelle est en revanche peu présente et ne transforme pas le territoire.
Une ruée vers l’or contemporaine au Sahara: l’extractivisme aurifère informel au nord du Niger
Authors: Afane Abdoulkader , Gagnol Laurent
Published: March 2021

Depuis 2014 et la découverte inattendue de pépites dans la partie saharienne du Niger, une course enfiévrée vers la recherche de l’or mobilise des dizaines de milliers de nomades, de ruraux et d’urbains, devenus orpailleurs et venant aussi bien du Niger que des pays voisins ou plus lointains. Brusque, massive et cosmopolite, mais aussi mouvante, parfois violente et située dans les confins peu ou pas habités, l’exploitation de l’or est largement informelle, c’est-à-dire souvent considérée comme illégale mais tolérée. Artisanale au départ, elle devient de plus en plus mécanisée, voire industrielle. Cet article a pour objectif d’analyser le développement spectaculaire de l’orpaillage au nord du Niger pour en dresser un premier bilan provisoire six ans après son déclenchement et surtout de faire ressortir les principaux enjeux à venir. Notre analyse est issue de plusieurs missions d’enquêtes sur le terrain en 2018 et 2019, à la rencontre des différents acteurs de cette ruée extractive. Contrairement à l’exploitation d’autres ressources minières comme l’uranium, celle de l’or a la particularité d’être très peu accaparée à la fois par les firmes minières multinationales, mais aussi encadrée par l’État, en grande partie dépassé et prudent. Notre approche envisagera la ruée comme un cas exemplaire de mise en place d’un système de prédation de la ressource complexe, mobile et évolutif, exercée par des acteurs multiples. Nous aborderons les transformations des mécanismes de régulation informelle et concertée entre les acteurs qui ont eu lieu au cours de différentes phases de la ruée que nous qualifierons. Si cette ruée produit des changements sociaux, économiques et politiques majeurs dans un espace saharien particulièrement instable, nous évoquerons aussi les effets environnementaux et sanitaires. Car cette ruée est symptomatique de ce qui se passe à une échelle plus vaste et selon des logiques similaires au Sahara et au nord du Sahel, où s’est diffusée depuis une dizaine d’années une vaste nébuleuse pionnière d’exploitation de la ressource aurifère depuis les rives de la mer Rouge jusqu’à l’Atlantique. De façon plus générale, les différents traits caractéristiques du développement spectaculaire de l’orpaillage au nord du Niger que nous mettrons en exergue, en font une ruée vers l’or comparable à certains points de vue et à un certain degré au modèle du genre californien du milieu du XIXe siècle. Sans avoir l’ambition trop générale de caractériser les traits communs à toute ruée vers l’or, nous proposerons néanmoins quelques pistes de réflexion en ce sens, en distinguant notamment trois phases des ruées vers l’or à partir du cas du Sahara nigérien contemporain.
Immunopositivity for Siglec-15 in gastric cancer and its association with clinical and pathological parameters
Authors: Quirino Michael Williams Leal , Pereira Michelly Cristiny , Deodato de Souza Maria de Fátima , Pitta Ivan da Rocha , Da Silva Filho Antônio Felix , Albuquerque Mario S. de Souza , Albuquerque Amanda Pinheiro de Barros , Martins Mário Rino , Pitta Maira Galdino da Rocha , Rêgo Moacyr Jesus Barreto de Melo
Published: March 2021

The sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectin Siglec-15 is a promising target to cancer immunotherapy in several tumor types. The present study aimed to investigate Siglec-15 expression in gastric cancer (GC) patient tissue and to evaluate its clinical value. Siglec-15 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry with 71 patients. Siglec-15 staining was observed in tumor cells of 53 (74.64%) patients, with significant association with histologic classification and angiolymphatic invasion (p<0.05). Immunohistochemistry analysis also detected Siglec-15 in tumor-associated stroma cells (macrophages/myeloid cells). There was no significant association with outcomes parameters. Siglec-15 expression in well differentiated histological GC tissues and in the tumor microenvironment are potential targets to be further investigated as a novel prognostic factor for GC.
Exploring the influence of parents’ home reading practices on emergent literacy
Authors: Strauss Annaly M. , Bipath Keshni
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this article is to explore the correlation between Namibian preprimary and Grade 1 parents’ demographic  characteristics and print and digital reading practices in home environments. A quasi-experimental descriptive research design wasselected to launch this investigation in the Khomas region. Survey data documented the relationship between parents’ demographic  variables and print and digital reading behaviours. The study tested the null-hypothesis (Hₒ: u1 = u2) and non-directional hypothesis (Hₒ: X1 ≠X2). The underlying assumption is that parents home reading practices positively impact children’s early language and literacy development. The findings reveal that there is no significant relationship between age, gender, education, family size, and employmentstatus, with print and digital reading behaviours that influence children’s emergent language and literacy development in home  environments. In a Chi-Square test, the null hypothesis was rejected for age, gender, education, family size, and employment status, but retained and positively correlated to marital status, child reading behaviour, and parents’ book, magazine and newspaper reading behaviour. The implication is that when parents buy print materials for home reading purposes and engage their children in  pleasurable reading experiences, their children are more likely to be supported at home to influence favourable language and literacy outcomes in school. The study contributes to family literacy literature and highlights the relationship between parents’ reading  behaviours and children’s emergent language and literacy development.

Keywords: emergent literacy, home environment, parents, print and digital reading, reading behaviours, socioeconomic status
Unusual presentation of metastatic pancreatic carcinoma
Authors: Muhammad Khurram Salahuddin  , Zeeshan Waheed  , Asif Jan Muhammad
Published: March 2021

Published in May-2021
Effect of maternal tolerance on behavioral problems in children with enuresis
Authors: Mahshameen Munawar  , Aasma Yousaf
Published: March 2021

Objective: To determine the effect of maternal tolerance on behavioral problems in children with enuresis.
Method: A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted from January 2018 to November 2018 at three outpatient hospital settings in Pakistan. The sample comprised of 80 mothers (aged 23-50 years) having children with enuresis, who were recruited from one public (tertiary care) and two private (secondary care) outpatient hospital settings in Punjab. Participants were recruited after a formal diagnosis of enuresis made by the consultant pediatrician or psychiatrist. The Tolerance Scale and The Children Behavioural Questionnaire were used to assess maternal tolerance and behavioural problems in children, respectively. A demographics questionnaire with demographic details regarding the mother and the child, was also designed for the study.
Results: The mean age of mothers (N=80) and their children was 34.53 ±4.89 years and 8.16 ± 2.36, respectively. Results of correlation analysis revealed that maternal intolerance was positively and significantly correlated with rule-breaking (r=.25, p=.02) and aggressive behaviors (r=.31, p=.01) in children with enuresis. In addition, linear regression analysis was carried out to observe if maternal tolerance significantly contributed to behavioural problems in children with enuresis. Maternal intolerance emerged as significant and positive predictor of rule-breaking behaviors (?=.25, p=.02), aggressive behaviors (?=.31, p=.00) and attention problems (?=.29, p=.01) in the affected children.
Conclusion: The study demonstrates that maternal intolerance and hostile attitudes towards children with enuresis leads to secondary behavioural and emotional difficulties.
Key Words: Enuresis, Maternal tolerance, Child health care,
Continuous...
PENGAWASAN PASAR MODAL SETELAH BERLAKUNYA UNDANGUNDANG NOMOR 21 TAHUN 2011 TENTANG OTORITAS JASA KEUANGAN
Authors: Suwardi
Published: March 2021

The capital market is seen as an effective means to accelerate the development of a country because of its ability to mobilize long-term funds from the public to be channeled to productive sectors. However, trading traffic on the capital market requires supervision from the government or parties that are considered to be independent to create safe and comfortable market conditions for each party that will carry out the transaction. This article raises the issue of how to control the capital market before and after the enactment of the Law Number 21 of 2011 concerning the Financial Services Authority ?. The writing of this article uses a normative approach in analyzing various laws and regulations as well as literature related to capital market developments. The process of data analysis is done qualitatively. The function of the capital market supervision after the enactment of Law Number 21 of 2011 concerning OJK replaces the function previously performed by the Capital Market Supervisory Agency (Bapepam). Supervision under the OJK is based on a passion to give attention to protection and education for consumers. Education and protection of financial consumers is directed to increase the trust of investors and consumers in every activity and business activity in the financial services sector and provide opportunities and opportunities for the development of the financial services sector in a fair, efficient and transparent manner.
Students’ Engagement of Social Networking Sites: An Evaluation of Perception, Gratification, Sociability, Academic and Generalized Usage Patterns
Authors: Khan Asad , Masrek Mohamad Noorman , Rehman Shafiq Ur
Published: March 2021

Students' engagement of Social Networking Sites (SNS) has substantially influenced their social, personal, and academic lives. However whether students in Pakistani universities are aware of its roles and its respective influence has rarely been investigated. The aim of this study is to evaluate students' behavioral attitude (perceptions, gratification, awareness, usage patterns etc.) towards SNS. Using self-administered survey questionnaires, data were collected from a sample of postgraduate students at the University of Peshawar, Pakistan. The findings revealed a significant level of awareness of the role of SNS, of which YouTube, Facebook, and Flicker are widely used sites by the study participants. However, generalized use of SNS specifically, Wiki, RSS, Twitter, and MySpace is not considered academic or for research purposes, but for sheer gratification, and sociability. Further, laptops and smart phones were found to be the primary tools of access to SNS at university and/or homes. Additionally, entertainment and friendship were specified as the foremost prompts for using SNS. A primary obstacle indicated by participants is power failure. This study has manifold implications such as: a) social implications- parents and teachers should educate students about the inventive, academic, and safe use of SNS. This will impede the ills of SNS that have resulted in the reduction of learning and research capabilities; b) practical implications- authorities should make more precise policies for the use of SNS in the universities. To this end class orientations are suggested to inform students about the academic use of SNS and; c) theoretical implications- as students' intention of using SNS are gratification, sociability etc., thus the theory of Uses and Gratification is supported.
Trata de personas, exclusión social y derechos humanos
Authors: Castro Soto Óscar Arturo
Published: March 2021

No abstract available.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 64, No. 722, 2009: 425-438.
Discurso del P. José María Tojeira, rector de la Universidad, en el acto de entrega del Doctorado Honoris Causa en Derechos Humanos a James McGovern
Authors: Tojeira José María
Published: March 2021

No abstract available.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 64, No. 722, 2009: 467-470.
Quienes enseñaron la justicia brillarán eternamente como las estrellas
Authors: Sariego Jesús M.
Published: March 2021

No abstract available.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 64, No. 722, 2009: 487-489.
Orígenes del movimiento de oposición a la minería metálica en El Salvador
Authors: Cartagena Rafael E.
Published: March 2021

No abstract available.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 64, No. 722, 2009: 497-524.
ARABIC: أهمية العلوم المعاصرة وفوائدها في فهم دراسات الحديث وعلومه
Authors: Muhammad Ghani Dr. Muhammad Anwar , Dr. Farzana Iqbal
Published: March 2021

The modern sciences and technology have important role in today’s life and development of society. And it is a significant driver behind change, and sometimes plays an important role in renovations in educational design and delivery. As all the Sciences are contributory and linked to each other, so there is immense possibility to use the modern sciences in the service of Hadith and its sciences.  his research is to elaborate the importance and benefits of modern sciences in understanding Hadith and its sciences. And also give an Islamic perspective on the modern sciences.
Ratificación del Convenio Marco: para el control del tabaco
Authors: Avila Agüero Maria Luisa
Published: March 2021

El Convenio Marco para el Control de Tabaco (CMCT) es el primer tratado internacional de salud pública que ha sido elaborado bajo el auspicio de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). El CMCT, el cual se negoció a lo largo de cuatro años y entró en vigor el 27 de febrero de 2005, fue desarrollado reconociendo la necesidad de una estrategia global para confrontar una epidemia global que tantas vidas ha cobrado. Contiene una serie de pautas y requerimientos para la implementación de medidas más costo-efectivas disponibles para el control de tabaco….
Estado actual de la transmisión de la toxoplasmosis por productos cárnicos en Costa Rica
Authors: Varela Villalobos Rebeca , Rojas Granados Johana , Valerio Campos Idalia , Chinchilla Carmona Misael
Published: March 2021

"La toxoplasmosis es una enfermedad que aunque casi siempre cursa en una modalidad de tipo crónica usualmente asintomática, eventualmente puede causar problemas en el ser humano como aborto y lesiones oculares. Por tal razón, conocer las posibles fuentes de contaminación al ser humanoes importante y en este estudio se tiene como objetivos revisar la literatura en cuanto a la trasmisión por productos cárnicos y determinar la positividad por Toxoplasma gondii en dos tipos de productos cárnicos para consumo humano, comparando los datos actuales con los obtenidos hace más de 10 años."
Dra. María Gabriela Stein Castro
Authors: Guzmán Stein Dra. Gabriela
Published: March 2021

"Ya crecidos, volvemos a ver hacia atrás y nos preguntamos;“¿Qué podemos decir de nuestra madre?” Creo que si hacemosintrospección en la actualidad, entenderíamos muchas de lascosas que nuestros padres nos heredaron."
Cuestionario de Autoevaluación
Authors: Costarricense Acta Médica
Published: March 2021

Cuestionario de Autoevaluación
Instrucciones para autores
Authors: Costarricense Acta Médica
Published: March 2021

Instrucciones para autores
Prevalencia de esteatosis hepática no alcohólica en personas diabéticas tipo 2
Authors: Murray Adriana Laclé , Chaverri Marco Esquivel , López Mauricio Madrigal , Chacón Carlos Alpízar
Published: March 2021

la esteatosis hepática no alcohólica es la causa más común de enfermedad hepática crónica y existe cada vez mayor evidencia de que progresa a cirrosis, falla hepática y carcinoma hepatocelular. Esta condición es muy frecuente en las personas diabéticas, y siendo la diabetes una enfermedad crónica de alta prevalencia en la población costarricense (10,8% en adultos), y que genera un alto impacto negativo en el Sistema de Salud y en su mortalidad, se consideró oportuno conocer la prevalencia de la esteatosis hepática no alcohólica (incluyendo la esteatohepatitis) en esta población específica.
Listas de Espera
Authors: Navarro Andrea Monge , Sancho Gabriela Murillo , Céspedes Alejandro Calderón , Araya Andrea Vega , Cubillo Ariadna Aguilar
Published: March 2021

Las listas de espera en la CCSS pueden convertirse en una verdadera problemática, en la medida en que no sea atendida. Resulta importante ofrecer alternativas con base en los resultados del análisis de diversas experiencias y modelos.
Carcinoma de células renales: descripción de casos
Authors: Garita Lindsay Chacón , Carvajal Manuel Moreira
Published: March 2021

Justificación: los carcinomas de células renales son un grupo de neoplasias malignas originadas del epitelio de los túbulos renales. Estas neoplasias representan en promedio un 90% de todas las neoplasias malignas renales en adultos de ambos sexos. El tabaco ha sido descrito en la bibliografía como el principal factor de riesgo; otras variables como el sobrepeso y la obesidad se han ligado a los mecanismos que participan en la inducción de estos tumores malignos. Se ha descrito además, una mayor incidencia en pacientes con hipertensión arterial. El objetivo fue determinar la incidencia, los factores de riesgos asociados y las características clínico-patológicas de los carcinomas de células renales, con base en los resultados de las biopsias del Servicio de Patología del Hospital San Rafael de Alajuela.
Epidemiología de la candidemia en el Hospital México
Authors: Vindas Juan Manuel Villalobos , Cordero José Antonio Castro , Montoya Álvaro Avilés , Gil María Claudia Peláez , Pérez Teresita Somogyi , Carpio Lilliana Sandoval
Published: March 2021

Las infecciones invasivas por Candida son frecuentes y de alta mortalidad en la práctica clínica. Existe poca información publicada al respecto en el país. Estudio retrospectivo y observacional que pretende aportar conocimiento novedoso sobre la epidemiología local de la candidemia.
Bacteriemia por Kluyvera cryocrescens
Authors: Acuña Ronny Muñoz , Rodríguez Juan Diego Méndez , Vindas Juan Villalobos
Published: March 2021

La Kluyvera cryocrescens es una enterobacteria gram negativa que se ha aislado del esputo, orina, secreción biliar, líquido peritoneal y sangre en los seres humanos, raramente es causa de infección clínicamente significativa. Sin embargo hay varios casos descritos en la bibliografía, donde se ha manifestado con cuadros de sepsis severa y choque séptico, algunos con adecuada respuesta a diferentes terapias antibióticas. Se presenta un caso de sepsis severa, debido a bacteriemia por Kluyvera cryocrescens, en un masculino de 73 años, y se describe su diagnóstico, tratamiento y evolución. El paciente desarrolló la infección durante su estadía hospitalaria y recibió tratamiento 10 días con cefalosporinas de tercera generación, logrando una adecuada resolución de su cuadro.
Pseudotrombocitopenia por EDTA en paciente con polineuropatía desmielinizante inflamatoria crónica
Authors: Vega Edgar Carvajal , Cuadra Juan I. Padilla , Villegas Jorge López , Sánchez María del Milagro Mata
Published: March 2021

El ácido dietilenediaminotetraacético es un anticoagulante utilizado ampliamente en ciencias de la salud en el procesamiento de muestras médicas. Dado que en presencia de ciertas condiciones inmunitarias, este agente puede inducir un conteo plaquetario falsamente bajo (pseudotrombocitopenia), debe considerarse dentro del diagnóstico diferencial de trombocitopenia. Se presenta el caso en un paciente de 68 años en quien se reporta trombocitopenia severa, sin datos clínicos de sangrado, en el cual se logró demostrar posteriormente una pseudotrombocitopenia asociada a EDTA. La presencia de una falsa trombocitopenia se demostró mediante la aplicación de amikacina a la muestra sanguínea.
Cor Triatriatum sinester
Authors: Chaves Daniel Quesada , Navas Andrés-Francisco Garzona , Navas Gloriana-María Garzona
Published: March 2021

El cor triatriatum sinester  es una anormalidad cardiaca congénita poco frecuente, que constituye del 0,1 al 0,4% de todas las malformaciones cardiacas. Se caracteriza por una división anómala de la aurícula izquierda por una membrana fibromuscular, la cual genera dos cavidades que se comunican por uno o más orificios con distinto grado de obstrucción. Se asocia con otras anomalías cardiacas, principalmente con comunicación interauricular. Se puede presentar en la infancia, cuando suele ser fatal, o más tardíamente en el adulto, como insuficiencia cardiaca, o incluso cursar de forma asintomática, dependiendo del tamaño de los orificios y del gradiente de presión entre las cavidades. En este artículo se presenta el caso de un masculino de 30 años, sin patologías crónicas, quien consulta por disnea de grandes esfuerzos en los últimos 6 meses, a quien se le diagnostica por medio del ecocardiograma transtorácico y transesofágico un cor triatriatum sinister.
Hernia femoral como complicación posterior a una colecistectomía laparoscópica
Authors: Acuña Adriana Baltodano , Torres Jeffry Solís
Published: March 2021

La cirugía laparoscópica constituye uno de los grandes avances de la cirugía en el siglo XX, al poder realizar muchos de los procedimientos que se realizan en la cirugía abierta, con las ventajas de producir menor morbilidad, una recuperación más rápida y menos dolorosa, para que el paciente se reintegre en el menor tiempo posible a su vida normal.La incidencia de complicaciones relacionadas con el neumoperitoneo al realizar la laparoscopía es bastante baja, entre estas las más comunes son secundarias ala colocación incorrecta de la aguja de Veress durante la insuflación y las relacionadas con el sistema cardiorrespiratorio.Sin embargo, también ocurren complicaciones infrecuentes, como la formación de hernias posterior al neumoperitoneo. En este tipo de complicación intervienen ciertos factores predisponentes, como lo son un saco preformado, elevación de la presión intraabdominal y el debilitamiento de los músculos y tejidos del cuerpo.Se presenta el caso de una paciente, la cual se sometió a una cirugía laparoscópica, posterior a la cual presentó una hernia femoral encarcelada.
Hidroxicloroquina: Del fármaco de herencia Inca hasta la inmunología moderna
Authors: Alfaro Murillo Alberto , León Bratti María Paz
Published: March 2021

La hidroxicloroquina es un antiguo fármaco proveniente del árbol de quino (Cinchona pubescens), a partir del componente químico alcaloide llamado quinina. Sus primeros usos se documentaron en el Imperio Inca del Perú. Se caracteriza por distintos efectos beneficiosos en enfermedades inmunológicas, al disminuir los procesos de autoinflamación y autoinmunidad persistente.

Esta revisión se enfoca en describir los mecanismos inmunomoduladores de la hidroxicloroquina, así como los efectos del fármaco en algunas de las enfermedades autoinmunes más prevalentes: lupus eritematoso sistémico, artritis reumatoide, síndrome de Sjögren, vasculitis sistémicas, nefropatía por IgA, síndrome antifosfolípido, distintas enfermedades inmunológicas de la piel. También se revisarán los efectos adversos descritos para este fármaco, especialmente la toxicidad de retina, que es el más temido.

Descriptores: hidroxicloroquina, quinina, autoinmunidad, receptores Toll-Like, enfermedades de la retina.
Announcing the Canadian Journal of Health Technologies — A New Journal From CADTH
Authors: Mittmann Nicole
Published: March 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has put a spotlight on science and reaffirmed the value of evidence in health care decision-making.
CADTH is a major Canadian publisher of evidence, advice, and recommendations regarding the assessment and management of health technologies.
The Canadian Journal of Health Technologies will publish CADTH work in a single, PubMed-indexed, online location, making it easier for our health system partners to search and find CADTH work.
Through the Canadian Journal of Health Technologies, CADTH will expand its reach and its collaborations with producers and users of health technology assessments.
Rituximab for the Treatment of Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Banerjee Srabani , Butcher Robyn
Published: March 2021

Four systematic reviews, 1 randomized controlled trial (RCT), 1 economic evaluation, and 2 evidence-based guidelines were identified.

Four systematic reviews (2 that included moderate- to high-quality evidence and 2 that did not report the quality of the evidence) and 1 RCT (that provided high-quality evidence) reported on the clinical effectiveness of rituximab (RTX) for the treatment of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). Overall, RTX treatment appeared to reduce the relapse rate and disability level compared with pre-treatment or placebo. In terms of reduction in relapse rate and disability, RTX was either better or not different from azathioprine (AZA). For relapse rates, disability levels, and incidence of adverse events, network meta-analyses showed that no treatment was favoured for comparisons between RTX, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), and cyclophosphamide (CYP).

One economic evaluation (of moderate quality) showed that, for patients with NMOSD, in the context of the Thai health care system, RTX biosimilar with CD27+ memory B cell monitoring regimen had the highest probability (48%) of being cost-effective, followed by AZA (30%), MMF (13%), RTX with CD27+ memory B cell monitoring regimen (9%), RTX biosimilar (0%), and RTX (0%) at a willingness-to-pay threshold of 160,000 Thai bhat (equivalent to US$5,289 in 2019 values) per quality-adjusted life-year gained.

The 2 guidelines recommended immunosuppressants (RTX, AZA, and MMF) for prevention of NMOSD attacks. In addition, 1 guideline mentioned that tocilizumab, eculizumab, inebilizumab, and satralizumab can be used in NMOSD leave it up to patients who have no response to other immunosuppressants. The quality of the evidence that informed the guidelines and the strength of the recommendations were not reported.

Findings need to be interpreted with caution given the limited quantity of evidence on comparative efficacy and safety between various immunosuppressants, that many of the included primary studies were retrospective studies, the heterogeneity among the studies included in the systematic reviews, and the lack of clarity with respect to the strength of the recommendations.
Competitividade na agricultura familiar: uma abordagem metodológica
Authors: Pereira de Souza Raquel , Buanain Antônio
Published: March 2021

A competitividade da agricultura familiar tem sido questionada em muitas cadeias produtivas, todavia as metodologias de análise da competitividade voltadas ao agronegócio não tem conseguido captar especificidades do modo de produção familiar. Nesse sentido, o artigo propõe um marco metodológico de análise da competitividade da agricultura familiar, no qual a competitividade estaria associada a sua estratégia de reprodução social e econômica.
Max Weber e a nova economia institucional: normas e convenções sociais em Axelrod, Bicchieri, North, Ostrom
Authors: Azevedo Bonnie , Fiani Ronaldo
Published: March 2021

Este artigo analisa normas e convenções sociais na Nova Economia Institucional (NEI), especialmente em Bicchieri, Axelrod, North e Ostrom à luz de conceitos weberianos como usos, costumes, convenções e normas jurídicas. Defende-se que o descumprimento de tais ‘normas’ e ‘convenções’ é mais grave do que é assumido pela NEI. Conclui-se que, embora tenham observado algumas consequências do descumprimento dessas regularidades sociais, os autores minimizaram a relevância das sanções dele decorrentes. Exatamente nesta lacuna, espera-se que a análise neoinstitucional mais se beneficie de um contraponto weberiano de resolução de conflitos e ensejo ao comportamento cooperativo.
O Fascismo no Brasil: o Ovo da Serpente Chocou
Authors: Simões Reis Guilherme , Soares Giovanna
Published: March 2021

O ressurgimento do fascismo, juntamente com a ascensão do voto religioso, torna as disputas políticas no Brasil mais complexas do que a clássica clivagem socioeconômica direita x esquerda, predominante até as Jornadas de Junho de 2013. Por meio de discussão teórica sobre o fascismo e da análise de discurso de manifestantes nos atos pró-golpe entre 2013 e 2016, percebe-se um processo de fascistização no seio da sociedade brasileira. A análise do discurso do deputado Jair Bolsonaro indica que ele se credencia como possível líder fascista.
Coups, “smart coups” and elections: Right power strategies in a context of Left hegemony
Authors: Cannon Barry
Published: March 2021

Most analyses of Right-wing power strategies in Latin America highlight the relative paucity of dedicated Right-wing political parties, and the preponderance of non-electoral strategies. Despite this such studies continue to privilege the electoral over other strategies. This paper presents a more wide-ranging, comprehensive perspective based on political sociology and political psychology theories. Here strategies are categorised at three levels – electoral, extra-electoral and semi- or extra-constitutional - which can be activated in a multi-layered manner, depending on the level of threat perceived to Right objectives and on conditions on the ground. Using the case study of the removal of Dilma Rousseff from the presidency in Brazil in 2016, the article seeks to illustrate the ultimate aim of achieving a “smart coup”, whereby left governments are forced out of office with relatively little bloodshed and an element of popular and institutional legitimacy. In this way the Latin American Right aims to integrate electoral and non-electoral strategies to the democratic context of Left hegemony in the region.
COVID -19: Introductory Handbook in Homoeopathy
Authors: Mehra Pritha
Published: March 2021

Not applicable as this is a Book Review
An extended time series (2000–2018) of global NPP-VIIRS-like nighttime light data from a cross-sensor calibration
Authors: Chen Zuoqi , Yu Bailang , Yang Chengshu , Zhou Yuyu , Yao Shenjun , Qian Xingjian , Wang Congxiao , Wu Bin , Wu Jianping
Published: March 2021

Abstract. The nighttime light (NTL) satellite data have been widely
used to investigate the urbanization process. The Defense Meteorological
Satellite Program Operational Linescan System (DMSP-OLS) stable nighttime
light data and Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership Visible Infrared
Imaging Radiometer Suite (NPP-VIIRS) nighttime light data are two widely
used NTL datasets. However, the difference in their spatial resolutions and
sensor design requires a cross-sensor calibration of these two datasets for
analyzing a long-term urbanization process. Different from the traditional
cross-sensor calibration of NTL data by converting NPP-VIIRS to
DMSP-OLS-like NTL data, this study built an extended time series (2000–2018)
of NPP-VIIRS-like NTL data through a new cross-sensor calibration from
DMSP-OLS NTL data (2000–2012) and a composition of monthly NPP-VIIRS NTL
data (2013–2018). The proposed cross-sensor calibration is unique due to the
image enhancement by using a vegetation index and an auto-encoder model.
Compared with the annual composited NPP-VIIRS NTL data in 2012, our product
of extended NPP-VIIRS-like NTL data shows a good consistency at the pixel
and city levels with R2 of 0.87 and 0.95, respectively. We also found
that our product has great accuracy by comparing it with DMSP-OLS radiance-calibrated NTL (RNTL) data in 2000, 2004, 2006, and 2010. Generally, our
extended NPP-VIIRS-like NTL data (2000–2018) have an excellent spatial
pattern and temporal consistency which are similar to the composited
NPP-VIIRS NTL data. In addition, the resulting product could be easily
updated and provide a useful proxy to monitor the dynamics of demographic
and socioeconomic activities for a longer time period compared to existing
products. The extended time series (2000–2018) of nighttime light data is
freely accessible at https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/YGIVCD (Chen et
al., 2020).
Faktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan dengan Kepatuhan Petugas Cleaning Service dalam Penggunaan Alat Pelindung Diri (APD) di BLUD RSUD Kota Langsa Tahun 2019
Authors: Handayani Vivi , Nahrisah Putri
Published: March 2021

Rumah sakit merupakan tempat kerja yang memiliki resiko tinggi terhadap keselamatan dan kesehatan sumber daya manusia rumah sakit, pasien, pendamping pasien, pengunjung, maupun lingkungan rumah sakit.Berdasarkan laporan kasus kecelakaan  kerja dari badan pelaksana Jaminan Sosial (BPJS) Ketenagakerjaan, hingga akhir tahun 2015 jumlah kecelakaan kerja yaitu 110.285 kasus, sedangkan tahun 2016 berjumlah 105.182 kasus, sehingga mengalami penurunan sebanyak 4,6%. Sedangkan sampai Bulan Agustus tahun 2017 terdapat 80.392 kasus. Jenis penelitian ini bersifat analitik dengan desain cross sectional study dengan variabel sebab dan akibat yang terjadi pada objek penelitian diukur dan dikumpul dalam waktu yang bersamaan.Dengan total sampel 60 responden. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan ada hubungan antara pengetahuan dengan kepatuhan penggunaan APD pada petugas cleaning service di BLUD RSUD Kota Langsa .Diperoleh nilai P-Value = 0,014 (p<0,05), ada hubungan pengawasan dengan kepatuhan penggunaan APD pada petugas cleaning service di BLUD RSUD Kota Langsa. Didiperoleh nilai P-Value = 0,007 (p<0,05), ada hubungan Sikap dengan kepatuhan penggunaan APD pada petugas cleaning service di BLUD RSUD Kota Langsa. Diperoleh nilai P-Value= 0,007 (p<0,05).
Forest canopy gaps offer a window into the future:The case of subtropical coastal forests within an urban matrix in South Africa
Authors: Bhugeloo Astika , Ramdhani Syd , Peerbhay Kabir , Kambaj Olivier Kambol , Sershen -
Published: March 2021

Aim of the study: Alien and indigenous species emergence patterns within canopy gaps in urban subtropical forests are poorly understood. This study compared canopy gap floristics in relation to abiotic and physical characteristics across three subtropical urban forests differing in disturbance history.Area of study: Three Northern Coastal Forests of varying disturbance histories located in coastal subtropical urban KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), South Africa (SA).Materials and methods: Closed canopy (n = 15 quadrats per forest ) and four gaps (n = 12 quadrats per forest) from three size classes (‘small’ < 25 m2, ‘medium’ 25 - 45 m2; ‘large’ > 45 m2) were surveyed for the primary least disturbed (PLD), primary highly disturbed (PHD) and transitional highly disturbed (THD) forests using classical vegetation sampling techniques. Soil moisture content and air temperature were measured within each gap.Main results: Cumulatively all forest gaps hosted 198 species. Equivalent number of species (Hill numbers from H = 0 to H = 2) were constantly higher in the PHD forest followed by the PLD forest and lowest in the THD forest. Alien and indigenous plant density were negatively correlated. Species richness was positively correlated with gap size and soil moisture content, and negatively correlated with air temperature.Research highlights: Gap floristic patterns are influenced by size, abiotic factors, disturbance and forest successional status. Floristic, abiotic and physical characteristics of gaps should be monitored within urban forests as these can influence gap infilling in terms of rate, species composition, and alien-indigenous plant interactions across the forest. This can inform management interventions such as species reintroduction and alien clearing.Keywords: conservation; disturbance; gaps; management; Northern Coastal Forest; subtropical; species richness.Abbreviations: SA: South Africa; KZN: KwaZulu-Natal; PLD: Primary Least Disturbed forest; PHD: Primary Highly Disturbed forest; THD: Transitional Highly Disturbed forest; IOCB: Indian Ocean Coastal Belt; New POSA: New Plants of southern Africa website; NEMBA: National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act.
Employee Resource Groups (ERGs) – An Under-Utilized and Under-Organized Way of Developing New Staff, Management and Organizational Culture
Authors: Kirilin Alexey , Varis Keijo
Published: March 2021

We evaluated impact of employees’ participation in an employee resource group (ERG) on their soft skills learning and development and proposed a tool for assessing competence development that is often difficult to quantify.ERG has a positive effect on soft skills development, however certain soft skills do not develop in the interaction between management and new employees. Some soft skills require focused and organized learning.The role of ERG stretches beyond integration of new employees only. We propose a multidimensional paradigm where the management and organizational culture are considered as the object of development and new employees facilitate this process.
On-Farm Crop Diversity for Advancing Food Security and Nutrition
Authors: Furman Bonnie , Noorani Arshiya , Mba Chikelu
Published: March 2021

In 2019, nearly 690 million people were hungry, indicating that the achievement of Zero Hunger by 2030 is not on-track. The enhanced conservation and use of crop diversity, which demonstrably improves farm productivity and hence food security and nutrition, could be one of the solutions to this problem. The broadening of the inter- and intra-specific diversity of crops contributes to dietary diversification and nutrition and improves the resilience of production systems to shocks, especially the biotic and abiotic stresses attributed to climate change. Examples of successful interventions that resulted in enhanced on-farm crop diversity are provided. Relevant tools and guidelines to strengthen national capacities for the enhanced on-farm management of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture are also highlighted. Guidance, based primarily on the Second Global Plan of Action for Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, is presented to enable the conservation of farmers’ varieties/landraces, their genetic improvement and seed delivery systems; promote their cultivation, consumption and marketing; develop and implement policies; foster partnerships and strengthen requisite institutional and human capacities. Finally, the case is made for research and development, including using modern techniques, to achieve these aims.
Necrotizing Pancreatitis: Step Up Approach
Authors: Reyes Betsabé , Padilla Javier , Elena González Pilar , Sanz Pablo
Published: March 2021

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a inflamatory condition of the pancreatic gland with or without involvement of peripancreatic tissues and distant organs. The incidence of AP is 20–35 cases per 100,000 inhabitants per year, with an overall mortality of 2–10%. In recent decades the incidence of AP has increased globally. Most cases follow a mild, self-limiting course, but 10–20% of patients develop a severe form with systemic and local life-threatening complications of pancreatic and peripancreatic necrosis come about 20–40% of patient with severe AP and aggravate organ functions. The traditional approach to the treatment of necrotizing pancreatitis with secondary infection of necrotic tissue is open necrosectomy to remove the infected necrotic tissue. But this is associated with high rates of complications, death and pancreatic insufficiency. The benefits of sequential treatment in cases of infected necrosis (“Step an approach”) compared to traditional open necrosectomy, showing less morbidity and lower costs. The sequential treatment is an alternative to open necrosectomy, including percutaneous drainage, endoscopic (transgastric) drainage, and minimally invasive retroperitoneal necrosectomy. With this approach, up to 35% of patients can be treated only with drainage, to avoid necrosectomy and to reduce the percentage of complications. In this chapter we present the step-by-step approach.
Expectations and Ethical Dilemmas Concerning Healthcare Communication Robots in Healthcare Settings: A Nurse’s Perspective
Authors: Yasuhara Yuko
Published: March 2021

This chapter describes expectations and ethical dilemmas concerning healthcare communication robots (HCRs) from a nurse’s perspective. Ethical dilemmas in nursing settings are wide-ranging. When HCRs are introduced to long-term facilities and hospitals for patient communication, new kinds of ethical dilemmas may arise. Using interviews with healthcare providers, I examined the potential ethical dilemmas concerning the development and introduction of HCRs that may interact with older adults. This analysis was based on four primary issues from the nurses’ perspective. Since HCRs will be used in healthcare settings, it is important to protect patient rights and maintain their safety. To this end, discussion and collaboration with an interdisciplinary team is crucial to the process of developing these robots for use among patients.
Airway Management during Pregnancy and Labor
Authors: Tolga Saracoglu Kemal , Cakmak Gul , Saracoglu Ayten
Published: March 2021

Pregnant women undergo non-obstetric surgeries as well as cesarean operations. Airway management can be complicated due to physiological changes which occur in the respiratory system of labors. The most common causes of pregnancy-specific hypoxic respiratory failure are eclampsia, preeclampsia, and pulmonary edema that develops secondary to tocolytics. Approximately 10–15% of pregnant women undergo emergency cesarean section. Regional anesthesia is a preferred technique worldwide most commonly, and general anesthesia is applied with rapid sequence induction for the rest of the patients. Difficult Airway Society Master Algorithm for Obstetric Patients is a useful method to manage the airway in labors.