bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Familial treacher collins syndrome- from an obstetrician’s view
Authors: Saini Chesta , Rajurkar Kishore , Saini Rizul
Published: February 2021

A number of genetic syndromes have been identified and can be diagnosed antenatally using ultrasonography signifying the importance of antenatal care. We report a rare case of familial treacher collins syndrome diagnosed postnatally that shows difficulties faced by an obstetrician to safely manage such cases.
Post salpingectomy intraluminal endometriosis in a premenopausal lady - an incidental finding often paid less attention to
Authors: Sandhyarani Kanna , Shetty Archana , Nagabhushan Bhargavi Kalburgi , Muralidhar Aparna , Minal Jessica , Moorchung Nikhil
Published: February 2021

Endometriosis of the fallopian tube is often incidentally picked up in hysterectomy specimens that are sent for histopathological examination for other obvious pathological conditions. Post-salpingectomy endometriosis is one such entity that is known to occur in the tip of the proximal stump of the fallopian tube years after tubal ligation. As mere visualization of the endometriotic lesions is inadequate for an accurate diagnosis, histopathologic analysis of the biopsy samples becomes mandatory for confirmation. We report a case of post salpingectomy endometriosis which was incidentally discovered in a peri menopausal lady who was operated for multiple fibroids of the uterus. This case not only highlights an entity which is challenging to visualize radiologically and suspect clinically, but is also underrecognized, as very little attention is given to the fallopian tube during routine grossing.
Thanatophoric dysplasia- a rare cause of stillbirth and perinatal mortality: a case report
Authors: Agrawal Priti , Agrawal Rishi , Lobo Anandi
Published: February 2021

Lethal skeletal dysplasia is estimated to occur in 0.95 per 10,000 deliveries. Thanatophoric dysplasia affects about 1in 25000 to 50000 births. The term thanatophoric is Greek word for “death bearing”. Children with this condition are usually stillborn or die shortly after birth from respiratory failure. We report a case of LSD (Thanatophoric dysplasia), in an unbooked patient where previous two children and couple were absolutely normal.  Our patient, 31 years old, unbooked case presented with history of amenorrhea 8 months and unable to perceive fetal movements. Her husband’s age was 33 years. This was her third pregnancy. She had previous 2 deliveries by LSCS. Ultrasonography revealed single intrauterine live fetus in breech presentation with multiple fetal anomalies. There was shortening and deformity of all four limbs (micromelia) with poor mineralization of all bones. Thorax was pear shaped with short horizontal ribs and abnormal cardiothoracic ratio. LSCS was done in emergency for impending rupture of previous LSCS scar. Post-delivery examination and X-ray of the fetus revealed decreased skull mineralization, frontal bossing, hypoplastic nasal bone, midface hypoplasia, mandibular hypoplasia, pear shaped chest, protuberant abdomen, micromelia, dumbbell shaped appearance of all long bones. TD is caused due to mutation of the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 gene (FGFR3), which is located on the short arm of chromosome 4. Type I TD is characterized by marked underdeveloped skeleton and short-curved long bones. Conventional radiographic examination remains the most useful means of studying the dysplastic skeleton. Bony evaluation is best done on X-rays or ultrasonography. The diagnosis of TD can be established with ultrasound and molecular confirmation in the second trimester can help in genetic counselling and termination of such lethal pregnancies. LSD’s are rare event. If our patient had undergone anomaly scan in second trimester of pregnancy, this defect could have been detected earlier. The outcome of fetus is lethal but maternal morbidity can be reduced if diagnosed early.
Metabolic syndrome in polycystic ovary syndrome: a review
Authors: V. Kalaivani , Gopalan Ushadevi
Published: February 2021

Polycystic ovary syndrome is one of the most common endocrine abnormalities in women. It affects both reproductive life and overall health of the women including metabolic abnormalities. A multidisciplinary approach is needed in those with metabolic variations to prevent them from the long-term complications like cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus. The objective of this article is to review the association between PCOS and metabolic syndrome.
Establishing a school-based vision screening program in Myanmar: a qualitative study on the perspectives of school children with refractive error, teachers, optometrists and ophthalmologists
Authors: Oo Soe Min , Mon Myo Mon , Mon Khaing Lay
Published: February 2021

Background: Refractive error (RE) is one of the global leading causes of vision impairment among children. The World Health Organization outlined the school-based vision care program aided by school teachers as one solution. In Myanmar, although the prevalence of RE among school children is expected at about two million, a regular eye check-up program has not been established. This study aimed to explore the barriers, feasibility, and limitations of the children with RE and service providers to establish a program.Methods: This qualitative study was conducted in eight public schools,that have been involved in the pilot school-based vision screening program, in Yangon.  Focus group discussions with school children and teachers from these schools, key informant interviews with optometrists and ophthalmologists, involved in the program, and working at Yangon Eye Hospital and North Okala General Hospital, were carried out from January to August 2020. Qualitative data analysis was manually performed using the grounded theory according to the pre-defined themes.Results: Almost all school children showed positive perspectives but they expressed their psychosocial barriers of the cost, time, and care given by their parents on the next vision examination. All teachers mentioned optimism to be volunteers. The optometrist and ophthalmologists revealed the feasibility to establish the program despite having limitations in human resources, logistic requirements, and low awareness level on visual impairment of the children by parents.Conclusions: This study highlighted that a school-based vision care program can be initiated in Myanmar despite having some barriers and limitations.
Survey on common trends for non-prescribed medication use among the young generation in Dhaka, Bangladesh: A cross sectional study
Authors: Manik M. Imran Nur , Khan Alam , Ali M. Hazrat , Zobayed Abu , Islam M. Monirul
Published: February 2021

Background: Use of drugs without prescription is a worldwide phenomenon especially among the general people in the developing countries. Alarmingly the use of medication without prescriptions among the young generations for longer duration is increasing day by day. The study was meant to evaluate the prevalence of non-prescribed medications among the young generations living in the capital of Bangladesh.Methods: It was a cross-sectional survey conducted in the Dhaka South City Corporation (DSCC) from September-November, 2019. Data was collected from patients having self-administration of drugs with semi-structured questionnaire in English and analysed applying descriptive statistics.Results: The study revealed the occurrence of non-prescription medication use among 75% of the respondents (N=400). The participants were students (67%), service holder (19%) and housewife (9%). Male and female were 49% and 51%; aged between 15-35 years (average 25.8 years). Mostly used medication groups were NSAIDs (34%), antacids (24%) and antibiotics (17%). Duration was more than one year 206 (69%) and from six to twelve months 94 (31%). The compliance reported as better (62.33%) and extremely good (34.33%). The crucial diseases treated were fever (27.73%), gastric acidity (22.13%), headache and other pains (15.13%), dysentery and diarrhea (8.68%) and allergy (8.40%). Interestingly 42% participants suggested their medication to others.Conclusions: In the young generation occurrence of non-prescribed medication is highest amidst the students. The authority should assure rational use of medications. The DGDA may campaign against the haphazard use of medicines involving the young generations.
Impact of social media and over the top media during COVID-19 lockdown, a cross-sectional study
Authors: Chebrolu Raja Hirams , Janagam Jayashree , Muraleedharan K. C. , R. Resmy
Published: February 2021

Background: Covid-19 outbreak has forced the governments of several countries to enforce lockdown to control the spread of the virus. Staying at their homes, people are subjected to use Social media (SM)/Over the top media (OTTM) for communication, information, and entertainment. The objective is to know the usage of SM/OTTM and the frequently used applications during the lockdown. Also, its association with health, information usage and education.Methods: An online survey was conducted for a month with a specially framed questionnaire which includes the aspects of SM/OTTM usage, health issues due to SM/OTTM usage, education, and information during Covid-19 lockdown.Results: Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test showed a significant difference between time spent on SM/OTTM before and after the lockdown and the median time used was shifted from 2-4 hours to 4-6 hours. Pearson Chi-Square test was done comparing the usage of SM/OTTM to other variables which showed significance in the aspects of interpersonal problems, usage out of boredom, staying connected to friends/family, online workouts/diet plans, false information, awareness on Covid-19, and cyberbullying. Sleeplessness, headache, eye complaints were predominant among the physical ailments whereas Stress, irritability, restlessness, anxiety were predominant among psychological affections due to SM/OTTM usage.Conclusions: SM/OTTM was frequently used and played a key role during the Covid-19 lockdown. SM has helped people to stay connected, acquire information, and stay updated on the pandemic. SM is also responsible for physical and mental health affections due to prolonged usage and exposure to false information during the lockdown.
Assessment of gaps of knowledge and practices of frontline community workers in Chandragiri Mandal, Chittoor district, Andhra Pradesh: maternal and child health services
Authors: Dudala Shankar Reddy , Ponna Sathyendra Nath , Upadrasta Venkata Prasad , Bathina Hemalatha , Sadasivuni Renuka , Geddam J. J. Babu , Kapu Ashok Kumar Reddy
Published: February 2021

Background: The undernutrition status among the vulnerable groups in rural areas still persists, despite provision of Anganwadi services in villages. Assessment knowledge and practices about maternal and child health services of frontline workers, will identify knowledge and implementation gaps. Objective was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of community health workers of maternal and child health services for identifying gaps for designing and implementing intervention.Methods: In this community based prospective, pre and post intervention-based study, Knowledge, Attitude and Practices (KAP) of the community health workers, in 16 villages and 13 Anganwadi centres of Chandragiri Mandal, Chittoor district, Andhra Pradesh about maternal and child health services were collected. The basic infrastructure of the anganwadis and health centres of Auxiliary nurse midwifes were assessed using a prevalidated survey instrument. Descriptive analysis was used.Results: The knowledge of antenatal and postnatal care was least among Anganwadi workers. Awareness regarding need of colostrum feeding was high in AWW compared to ASHA. ANM and AWW had lesser knowledge about duration of the exclusive breast feeding to the infant. Only 57.1% of ANM had sufficient knowledge about protein energy malnutrition consequences. AWW, ASHA did not have knowledge of vitamin A deficiency signs and symptoms although providing massive dose of vitamin A to children. ASHAs did not have awareness about anaemia and the knowledge was below 50% in ANMs.Conclusions: The study emphasizes the need for proper training with interactive sessions to these frontline workers, which will enhance their knowledge and skills for provision of quality services.
A cross sectional survey to assess the knowledge, attitude, practice about COVID-19 among bystanders of patients visiting OPD, AIIMS, New-Delhi, India
Authors: Chowdhary Devanshi , Sharma Ankita , Gopichandran L.
Published: February 2021

Background: According to WHO, the prevention and control of an epidemic and pandemic constitutes following preventive measures like hand washing, cough etiquette and dissemination of knowledge among other measures. In context to COVID-19, these measures have been proved to be very effective rendering various countries to be free of COVID-19. The knowledge, attitude and practice studies play an important role in assessing the societal readiness to accept behavioural changes, moreover they also determine baseline information to assess the actions to be taken to change the attitude and increase the knowledge of the people regarding the situation. Thus this study was undertaken to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of the common public in India.Methods: A cross sectional survey was done among the attenders of patients visiting the cardiac/CTVS OPD during the month of June to July.  A total of 200 patients attendants were enrolled in the study. Due to COVID-19 restrictions only 10 patients per day were enrolled. After obtaining informed consent an online questionnaire was sent to their mobile phones via electronic media and participants were requested to fill the questionnaire while waiting for the doctor’s visit. The knowledge, attitude and practice of the participants were assessed by a validated KAP survey questionnaire.Results: The participants had a good knowledge score. The mean knowledge score (minimum, maximum) among the population was 7.7±1.7 (0, 11) though the participants had a poor practice score of 2.3±1.01 (0, 4). The participants had a positive attitude regarding the preventive practices regarding COVID-19 and also a positive attitude towards health care workers. The mean attitude score was 21.3±3.5 (5, 25). A significant positive correlation (r=0.263) was found between knowledge and practice scores. A significant association was also found in between the age with attitude and practice scores, and also in between qualification with knowledge and total KAP score.Conclusions: The present study concludes that people have good knowledge regarding the various aspects of COVID-19, also there was positive correlation of knowledge with practice. Hence it is important to disseminate right knowledge regarding the pandemic COVID-19 so that general public performs the appropriate practices in order to keep themselves and their near ones safe. This study reflects the awareness of general public in the difficult time, as well as their helping attitude towards healthcare professionals in form of providing accommodation etc. Community awareness, participation and preparedness are key factors in achieving a good health for all.
Causes and determinants of blindness in inmates of blind schools
Authors: Gupta Vivek , Agrawal V. K.
Published: February 2021

Background: Globally visual impairment is a serious public health, social and economic problem, 1.1 billion people are visually disabled. India has 12 million blind people. Studies conducted so far have highlighted mainly the medical aspects of blindness. With the intention to study medico-social aspects of blindness in India the current study was undertaken in two institutes for the blind in Pune.Methods: It was a cross sectional descriptive study conducted using a study questionnaire. A modified WHO eye examination record for blindness and low vision was administered to all (290) inmates of Technical Training Institute of Pune Blind Men’s Association and The Pune School and Home for the Blind Boys from 01 Aug 2014 to 31 July 2015 at Pune. Psychosocial aspects of inmates were recorded as per hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS). Analysis of collected data was done with the help of epi info and PEPI Programs version-4.Results: Retina (61.7 percent) and cornea (31.0 percent) were the main site of lesion. Overall, 40.4 percent had potentially avoidable cause of blindness. 46.6 percent of inmates had normal psychosocial patterns as per HADS scale.Conclusions: Strengthening of preventive and curative services for the complex medico-social aspects of blindness.  Involvement of retina in 61.7 percent of inmates shows that genetically determined diseases are an emerging important cause of blindness justifies the requirement of genetic counselling along with other preventive and curative intervention for prevention of blindness in India.
Assessing the gaps in knowledge of female health workers about monthly HMIS reports and its utilisation
Authors: Mahajan Shuchi , Aggarwal Arun K.
Published: February 2021

Background: Health management information system (HMIS) aims to gather, aggregate, analyse and then use the information to take actions for improvement in the performance of the health systems. This study documents the knowledge of FHWs to the monthly reports that they need to prepare and submit for HMIS. Objective was to assess the knowledge of FHWs with respect to utilisation, understanding and feedback from supervisor for monthly reportsMethods: The cross sectional study was conducted in the RaipurRani block, District Panchkula of Haryana. The assessment of FHWs was done as per semi structured questionnaire which was restricted to the monthly reports that they need to prepare and submit. FHWs of selected facilities that were available and gave consent were interviewed.Results: Out of 9 FHWs, 5 had undergone training to fill the single line proforma. Seven of them said that their reports got checked and they got regular feedback. Three said that they get motivated by senior officials but 5 said that there is no motivating factor. Two said that they got demotivated by the rude behaviour and scoldings of the senior officials. All the FHWs said that it is useful to prepare the reports. With respect to timeliness of reports, in this study we found that all the reports were sent on time within deadline.Conclusions: Despite of such low motivation on use of HMIS, the majority of the FHWs had positive attitude towards the system, indicating substantial acceptability, a positive potential factor for improvement.
A study on coverage and compliance of mass drug administration for lymphatic filariasis in Prayagraj District, Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Ram Santraj , Prakash Shiv , Singh Richa , Prakash Gyan , Anand Deepak
Published: February 2021

Background: Lymphatic filariasis is one of the six infectious diseases identified by the International Task Force for Disease Eradication as “eradicable” or “potentially eradicable. It is estimated that, to interrupt transmission of lymphatic filariasis, MDA compliance must exceed 65–75%. This study was conducted to assess coverage and compliance of mass drug administration for lymphatic filariasis in Prayagraj District.Methods: This was a pre-tested, questionnaire based cross-sectional study. The study subjects (508) were selected randomly from rural (clusters of three villages) and urban (cluster of one ward) area of Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh. Data was analyzed by using software SPSS version 23.0 and Chi-square test was used to test the association between the different variables. p-value less than 0.05 was considered as significant.Results: The overall coverage rate, compliance rate, coverage-compliance gap and effective coverage rate of study population (eligible for MDA) in Prayagraj District were 69.94%, 84.19%, 15.81% and 58.88% respectively. The coverage rate and effective coverage rate were 78.71% and 64.85% respectively among urban area as well as 66.99% and 56.88% respectively among rural area.Conclusions: The coverage rate and effective coverage rate were higher among population in urban area as compared to rural area while compliance rate was lower and hence coverage-compliance gap was higher among population in urban area as compared to rural area. The most common reason for not consuming drugs was ‘drugs not delivered by drug distributors’ (73.11%).
Acute parotitis associated with COVID-19 - an unusual presentation: a report from Bangladesh perspective
Authors: Chowdhury Md. R. U. , Bhuiyan Sahedul I. , Das Bimal C. , Saha Ashim K.
Published: February 2021

COVID-19 affects different peoples in many unusual ways. An increasing number of atypical presentations of COVID-19 have already been reported worldwide. So, in this pandemic period, any unusual presentation of the patients, should keep in mind about the association of coronavirus disease 2019. Hence, it is very important to diagnose the case without any delay to make immediate intervention as well as to prevent the disease transmission among the health care workers and in the community. We report a case of a 62 years old male presented in the outpatient department with COVID-19 associated acute parotitis, later developed bilateral pneumonia. Though COVID-19 still is a mysterious disease, but presentation with acute parotitis is very atypical which made the case interesting. In this case, we want to explore the importance of unusual presentation associated with COVID-19, emphasize to keep COVID-19 as a differential of acute parotitis at any age, to alert all health care workers to handle any patients with personal protective equipment to prevent transmission and probably this is the first case of COVID-19 presented with acute parotitis in Bangladesh.
Protective and preventive measures to control COVID-19 in Pakistan healthcare prospective
Authors: Gul Fatima , Manzoor Haseeb , Tanveer Hira , Shiraz Daim , Jamil Hira
Published: February 2021

COVID-19, which first appeared in the December of 2019, has claimed over two million deaths to this day and the number continues to grow daily. Some countries have managed to successfully curb the threat whereas others continue to struggle. It is vital that we look at the measures taken by these countries that others can also implement those models and overcome this pandemic successfully. Amongst the countries which were successful in keeping in check the spread of the virus and the deaths caused is Pakistan. This paper explores the preventive measures taken by Pakistan at each stage of this pandemic, by taking the efficacy of each measure by its effect on the number of active patients, number of recovered patients and the death. Primarily, the government owing to the financial instability of the population couldn’t implement robust lockdowns and travel bans, which resulted in the spread of the virus. As the time progressed, novel strategies were introduced which posed to be more successful in containing the spread. One of the strategies was the implementation of a smart lockdown based on successful implementation of a ‘track and trace’ strategy. Furthermore, ‘lockdown vs. livelihood’ calculation, intra-city travel bans, procuring foreign aid, provision of medicinal supplies and incorporation of media helped Pakistan limit the spread of the virus. These models can also be incorporated in other countries facing the virus, resulting in decreased number of active patients and deaths. These strategies might help the world overcome this pandemic.
A comparative study of the results of endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy with and without stent placement
Authors: Shah Shaili S. , Ganvit Shruti G. , Ambani Kirti P. , Katarkar Ashish U.
Published: February 2021

Background: Aim and objectives were to evaluate and compare the outcomes of endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) with and without silicone stenting. Surgical success was assessed both subjectively and objectively.  

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted. Total 30 patients with acquired NLD obstruction were enrolled in the study. The patients who underwent the surgery were randomly assigned into two groups: group I: with silicone stent placement, group II: without stent placement. The patients were evaluated in terms of symptoms relief (subjective assessment) and patency of neo-ostium (objective assessment).   

Results: In our study, success rate for patients with placement of stent was 91.66% and without stenting was 77.77%. Statistical data proved that, there was no significant difference between two groups. Endoscopic DCR with stenting had good long term outcome. It maintains patency and prevents re-closer of neo-ostium. With stenting cases cause of failure was synechiae formation and in without stenting cases causes was infection, granulation formation and stoma closer. So both cases had their own merits and demerits.

Conclusions: The endoscopic DCR is minimally invasive and simple procedure. Patient’s discomfort, synechiae, granulations are drawbacks of stenting but stents had given good long term outcome in maintaining patency of neo-ostium. Still data proved, there was no significant difference in both groups. This was due to our small sample size. Regular follow up is necessary for better post-operative outcome and prevention of further complications. So ultimately it is surgeon choice and level of expertise decides use of stent in DCR.  
Kövér férfiak a munkaerőpiacon
Authors: Fucskó Mónika
Published: February 2021

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Soft Skills Workshops with External Trainers: Getting Them Right
Authors: Wiwczaroski Troy B. , Richter Borka
Published: February 2021

Soft skills development workshops can serve multinational organizations towards theimprovement of internal communication between employees of various language backgroundsattempting to collaborate on tasks and issues in performing their daily activities. Employer andmanagement expectations of these workshops may not be consistent with those of employeesand this gap can lead to employee pushback and even refusal to internalise and utilise theenvisioned workshop key learning points that management wants them to develop. On the basesof years of professional experience as co-trainers holding soft skills development workshops andreceiving employer and employee feedback on their work at dozens of multinational companiesin Europe, the authors discuss critical milestones which must be met by management, in order tolay the groundwork for more successful soft skills workshops at their organisations.
Az ismerőstől az igaz barátig: barátságkép egyetemisták körében
Authors: Györfi Kinga
Published: February 2021

The idea of writing my essay comes from the book ‘Embert barátjáról – A barátság szociológiája’written by Fruzsina Albert and Beáta Dávid. I am especially interested in the appearance andsignificance of the typical social capital, i.e. friendship, among the students of the SapientiaUniversity of Miercurea Ciuc (Csíkszereda) and that of the ELTE (Budapest). In order toinvestigate the phenomenon of friendship, I chose a qualitative strategy, namely focus groupresearch.Although I have expected greater contrasts by comparing the students of these two distinctlocations, I have found that friendship among the interviewed young people constitutes universal value with more common than different patterns.
Comparative analysis of the angiotensin receptors blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in the treatment of arterial hypertension (review of literature)
Authors:   St. Petersburg city budget health care institution «City Polyclinic № 109», Matveenko Mariya S. ,   Belgorod National Research University
Published: February 2021

Cardiovascular diseases are still one of the main causes of death and disability among the adult population, the search for optimal pharmacotherapy of arterial hypertension remains an urgent task. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) plays a direct role in the pathophysiology of arterial hypertension, being responsible for regulating fluid volume and maintaining water - salt balance. RAAS is also responsible for the processes of tissue growth and differentiation, apoptosis, and affects the synthesis of many neurohumoral factors. By increasing the activity of the RAAS angiotensin II contributes to vasoconstriction, increased secretion of aldosterone and the activity of the sympathetic nervous system, which in turn leads to the development and progression of hypertension. Angiotensin–II receptor blockers (ARBs) block the AT1 subtype receptors of the same name, which is accompanied by vasodilation, a decrease in the secretion of vasopressin and aldosterone. RAAS blockade is an effective modern reliable way to control blood pressure, as well as prevent related complications. angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers have similar hypotensive effects and a high safety profile. Due to differences in the mechanism of action, when taking angiotensin receptor blockers, the frequency of undesirable side effects is recorded less, and, accordingly, adherence to treatment is greater. One of the modern angiotensin receptor blockers, olmesartan in various studies has demonstrated its superiority over angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ramipril and perindopril) in the treatment of arterial hypertension. Olmesartan has proven itself both in monotherapy and in combination with a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker or a thiazide diuretic.
Striking a Strategic Balance: Enhancing Corporate Philanthropy through Service Learning
Authors: Mumford Steven , Keyes Laura , David Benavides Abraham
Published: February 2021

Corporate giving is increasingly important to the nonprofit sector. However, corporate philanthropy has been slow to adopt insights from the sector’s decades-long experimentation with strategic philanthropy. This article explores the question of how corporate philanthropy might leverage service learning partnerships with students in university-based nonprofit education programs to enhance strategy and maximize social impact. We propose a model for strategic corporate philanthropy comprising two axes, on which the corporation can gauge whether its giving is more proactive or reactive, and technocratic or humanistic, to find a balance between strategy and rigidity. Qualitative data were collected from a service learning project between Toyota Motor North America, Master of Public Administration (MPA) students at a Texas university, and residents of an economically challenged area of West Dallas. Findings suggest that service learning partnerships can help corporate philanthropists strike an appropriate strategic balance, whereby the corporation, individuals being served, and students all benefit.
Water-Based Safety Issues and Communication Opportunities
Authors: Tsakakis Elena , Schneider Ingrid
Published: February 2021

Safe and satisfactory recreation experiences are embedded in the mission of multiple land use management agencies that support 5.2 million recreation-related jobs in the United States. However, visitors are often unaware of potential risks and safety hazards associated with recreation and subsequently unprepared. With the advent of online information, opportunities exist to target communications and key messages. This research observed water-based visitors against recommended safety behaviors as well as online messaging related to safety among public, private and non-profit organizations in the recreation area. Results indicate significant safety issues and multiple opportunities to use and enhance online communications to increase safe recreation behaviors.
Lessons From Research for Implementing An Instructional Accommodations Model in Secondary Inclusion
Authors: Scanlon David , Nannemann Allison , Baker Diana
Published: February 2021

Inclusion teachers at the secondary level need research-based guidance on how to support students with disabilities using accommodations in the classroom. A team of general education and special education teachers developed a model for planning, implementing, and monitoring instructional accommodations. The model calls for students’ active engagement. Findings from two studies on students with high incidence disabilities learning a strategy for “self-accommodating” inform on how general educators and special educators can implement the Secondary Classroom Accommodations Model with active student involvement.
Student Teachers’ Perceptions of Traditional Observation Versus Virtual Observation
Authors: Lynch Brandy , Krause Jennifer , Douglas Scott
Published: February 2021

One of the most important stages in preservice teacher training is the student teaching experience. The university supervisor (US) plays an integral role in this developmental stage by maintaining a connection between the cooperating teacher, student teacher (ST), and the university. While the traditional method of observing STs has been found to be effective, universities are seeking alternative means of conducting teaching observations that alleviate time, distance, and financial constraints. One such option is virtual observation through video chat programs. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine STs’ perceptions of the effectiveness and feasibility of virtual observation versus traditional observation in physical education teacher education (PETE). Results showed STs prefer virtual observation with a PE content expert over traditional visits if the US did not have PE content expertise. STs noted technological challenges such as Wi-Fi connectivity and environmental distraction with virtual observation. Benefits of virtual observation include increased ability to hear STs’ interactions with students, improved feedback potential, less travel time, and financial savings. Results of this study suggest that while traditional on-site observation visits are preferred and ideal, virtual observation is a viable alternative when technological challenges are appropriately addressed.
I Need Help! Physical Educators Transition to Distance Learning During COVID-19
Authors: Johnson Josiah , Daum David , Norris Jason
Published: February 2021

During the spring of 2020, school districts across the United States were required to shift to distance learning modalities due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic forced schools to close their doors to face-to-face instruction and quickly shift to an online format. While online education is prevalent in the United States, it only serves about 2% to 4% of the total K–12 population. Literature related to K–12 online physical education is sparse and there are concerns regarding accountability. This study used a grounded theory approach and collected data through open-ended questions as part of an online survey. Data clearly indicate that physical educators need assistance in the transition to distance learning, especially in developing plans for teaching motor skills and online pedagogies. Many of the teachers in this study expressed frustration with how their school leadership handled the shift to distance learning, partially due to the marginalization of the subject matter. Physical educators need the tools to expand their pedagogical technological knowledge as well as resources to advocate for themselves and their subject during adverse situations in schools. The shift to distance learning has the potential to have positive outcomes, as teachers were forced out of their comfort zones to learn new technology skills that may translate to enhanced learning in the faceto- face environment. Future studies should focus on development of distance learning pedagogies and seek to understand how to support teachers during crisis learning situations.
Differentiation of Bacillus anthracis and other Bacillus cereus group bacterial strains using multilocus sequence typing method
Authors: Graniak Grzegorz , Olender Alina , Naylor Katarzyna
Published: February 2021

The study describes the preparation of the phylogenetic differentiation of Bacillus cereus strains. The Bacillus cereus group of bacteria is very important for human and animal health. The multilocus sequence typing scheme has been used to present this group of bacteria’s phylogenetic relationship and structure. The MLST system was established using 60 isolates of B. anthracis, B. cereus sensu stricto, B. thuringiensis, and transitional environment strains of Bacillus spp. As a negative control, five strains of B. subtilis and B. megaterium were used. Primers for amplification and sequencing were designed to target highly conserved internal fragment of seven housekeeping genes: glpF, gmk, ilvD, pta, pur, pycA, and tpi. A total of 22 different sequence types (STs) were distinguished. Analysis of the sequence data showed that all of the Bacillus cereus strains are very closely related. The MLST scheme exhibited a high level of resolution that can be used as an excellent tool for studying the phylogenetic relationship, epidemiology, and population structure of the Bacillus cereus group strains. The MLST method additionally allows us to define the phylogenetic relationship between very closely related strains based on a combination of the sequences of all seven alleles fragments and each of them separately. Thus, this genetic investigation tool is very useful in epidemiological investigation of potential military/ bioterrorist use of B. anthracis.
La comunicación para el cambio social y el proceso de empoderamiento en una comunidad virtual: el caso del grupo de Facebook Ni Una Menos: Movilización Nacional Ya
Authors: Soto Canales Valeria
Published: February 2021

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar el poder de la interacción comunicativa en comunidades virtuales —específicamente en el caso de la comunidad virtual de Facebook Ni Una Menos: Movilización Nacional Ya— desde el paradigma de la comunicación para el cambio social. Para conseguir dicho objetivo, se aplicó una metodología cualitativa que consistió en un trabajo de campo compuesto por entrevistas a profundidad a 15 integrantes del grupo de Facebook, así como el análisis de contenidos virtuales en medios sociales. Producto de este proceso, se pudo observar cómo las características del grupo, creado para el activismo, propiciaron la revelación sensible de testimonios en el portal web, en torno a los cuales se articuló una comunidad virtual de soporte. Como conclusión, este análisis evidenció el poder de la interacción comunicativa virtual para el proceso de empoderamiento individual y colectivo de comunidades vulnerables, como es el caso de las mujeres víctimas de violencia.
Veinte años después, una respuesta a la Carta a la Tía Ofelia
Authors: Gómez Ricardo
Published: February 2021

rgomez@uw.edu
Productivity and Economics of Pigeonpea Genotypes as Influenced by Planting Geometry, Growth Retardant
Authors: Math Ganajaxi , Venkatesh M.S. , Balol Gurupada , Revanappa S.B.
Published: February 2021

Background: In pigeonpea, nipping is a common process which induces sprouting of secondary and tertiary branches and increases the number of pods/plant. Nipping is tedious process and requires more number of labours. Hence, it is advised to use growth retardant for better source- sink relationship and better fruit retention in pigeonpea. Chlormequat Chloride is well known growth retardant and is quickly metabolized by plants, animals and soil microbes compared to other growth retardants. Current study was planned to know the effect of growth retardants and planting geometry on yield and economics of pigeonpea genotypes. Methods: Experiment conducted during 2014-2015, comprised of twelve treatments and laid out in split-split plot design with three replications. Treatments were comprised of two genotypes [BSMR-736 and TS-3(R)], three planting geometry (90 × 20 cm, 120 × 20 cm and 150 × 20 cm) and three nipping practices (without nipping, with nipping and growth retardant chlormequat chloride spray @3ml/l). Result: Pooled data of two years indicated that planting geometry of 120 × 20 cm was significantly higher in grain yield (2408 kg/ha) over others. Spraying of growth retardant chlormequot chloride recorded the highest yield (2368 kg/ha) over nipping at 50 DAS (2138 kg/ha) and without nipping (2091 kg/ha). Net returns and B:C ratio were obtained significantly at highest level with the planting of BSMR-736 genotype at 120 × 20 cm along with spraying of chlormequot chloride at 70 DAS. Phosphatase and dehydrogenase activities were un-affected by the spray of chloromequat chloride.
Genetic Improvement in Different Crop Plants using Induced Mutagenesis with Special Reference to Pulses and Cereals: A Review
Authors: Khursheed Shahnawaz , khan Samiullah
Published: February 2021

Current world scenario of hunger and malnutrition problem is posing a great threat to the human civilization. Millions of people are undernourished globally according to the reports of Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO, 2015). Pulses and cereals have been used for their high percentage of proteins and carbohydrates in seeds. Pulse crops also have the ability to enrich the soil fertility due to their nitrogen fixing ability of their root nodules. Further, it is not only the high protein content of pulses for which they are important, but the amino acid profile of these proteins is such that the mixed diet of cereals and pulses has superior biological value than either of the components alone. However, with increase in population, per capita availability of pulses is getting reduced. As against recommended daily requirement of 50-60 grams, current per capita availability of pulses in India is less than 30 grams per day. India is the largest producer and consumer of pulses and depends mostly on pulses and cereals for their food. Urbanization and drastic climatic changes like drought, global warming, different environmental stresses etc. have led to considerable loss of crop productivity throughout the world leading to food insecurity. Scientists all over the world are using sophisticated approaches in developing improved varieties of crop plants that are high yielding and show considerable resistance to drastic environmental changes. Physical and chemical mutagenesis has been proved to be a convenient tool compared to other conventional processes in inducing desirable variability in crop plants related to yield and other components. In the light of above all, it is necessary for a scientist to study in detail the all aspects of different approaches that are used to increase the yield and productivity in different crop plants. The current review covers all aspects of study during the different approaches of physical and chemical mutagenesis for increasing food security and developing high yielding and stress resistant plants.
Development of a multitier open-ended work and energy instrument (MOWEI) using Rasch analysis to identify students' misconceptions
Authors: Samsudin Achmad , Cahyani Paggi Bias , Purwanto Purwanto , Rusdiana Dadi , Efendi Ridwan , Aminudin Adam Hadiana , Coştu Bayram
Published: February 2021

This research aims to the development of a Multitier Open-ended Work and Energy Instrument (MOWEI) using Rasch analysis and identifies students' misconceptions. This research method uses the 4D model (Defining, Designing, Developing, and Disseminating). The research participants involved were 30 Javanese students from XI class (12 male students called “Mas” and 18 female students called “Mba”), the average age was 16 years old. The development of a close-ended four-tier instrument is based on the students' answers to MOWEI. The analysis results obtained that MOWEI is a valid and reliable instrument to identify misconceptions. The results of the identification of misconceptions in participants found that the highest misconceptions occurred at number 10 that was 73% and the lowest misconceptions of 10% occurred at numbers 4 and 11.

 

Keywords: Multitier Open-ended Work and Energy Instrument (MOWEI), Rasch analysis, Javanese students' misconceptions
Extents of abuse and behavioural disorders in autistic children who were abused and who were not abused
Authors: Ahmed Fayza Ebrahim
Published: February 2021

This study aimed at identifying the extents of abuse of autistic children and some behavioural disorders in who were abused and who were not abused from parents and teachers’ perspective. To achieve the study’s objectives, the researcher adopted a descriptive research method and used a survey as a tool for the task. The sample consisted of 200 autistic children. The study found a positive relationship between the extents of abuse (physical, emotional, neglect and sexual) and the degrees of behavioural disorders (self-harm, aggression, anxiety and depression) in children with autism who were abused. Autistic children who were abused suffered more from these behavioural disorders. The study recommends an increase in interest in children with autism within the family and community levels by planning and implementing programmes that can help them to adapt socially to the environment, which keeps them away from the exposure to abuse.

 

Keywords: Abuse extents, behavioural disorders, autistic children.
A proposed vision to achieve the requirements of professional development for biology teachers of the secondary stage in light of the Kingdom's Vision 2030
Authors: Al-Shehri Mohamad
Published: February 2021

This study aimed at identifying the professional development requirements for biology teachers at the secondary stage in light of the Kingdom's vision 2030 and the degree of availability of these requirements from the viewpoint of biology teachers. The study also aimed at revealing the differences in the responses of biology teachers about the requirements of professional development according to some variables (years of experience, training Program, academic qualification). The study used the descriptive methodology and was applied to a sample of (79) teachers. The study used a questionnaire consisting of (72) items as an instrument, which was distributed on seven domains. The results showed that the degree of availability of professional development requirements for biology teachers at the secondary stage was medium. The results also showed statistically significant differences in the teachers ’responses to the degree of availability of these requirements due to the variables of training Program and years of experience, while there were no statistically significant differences due to the academic qualification variable. A suggested proposal was prepared to achieve the requirements of professional development for biology teachers. 

 

Key words: a proposed Perception- professional development- biology teachers - the secondary stage - the Kingdom’s vision. 2030.
A research on the knowledge level and safety culture of students taking occupational health and safety course
Authors: Olcay Zeynep F. , Temur Sertaç , Sakalli Ahmet E.
Published: February 2021

The safety culture plays an important role in reducing deaths and injuries in many sectors and educational institutions in developing countries. In this study, it was aimed to determine the occupational health and safety (OHS) course, which is taught as a compulsory course in Istanbul Aydın University before taking the course at the beginning of the term and after taking the course at the end of the term, the difference in occupational safety knowledge level and the level of perception of occupational safety culture. A total of 281 questionnaires were deemed valid. For the research, two different surveys were used to measure. Considering the results, there are positive differences in the knowledge level of the students before and after taking the OHS lesson. It has been determined that the safety culture does not change according to demographic information. OHS should be taught to every student in the universities.

 

Keywords: Occupational health and safety, Occupational safety education, Occupational health and safety lesson, Safety culture