bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Emptied Spain” and the limits of domestic and EU territorial mobilisation
Authors: Pazos-Vidal Serafin
Published: September 2022

The term “España Vaciada” has recently been coined to define the long-term trend of depopulation in Spain´s inland areas. It has gained traction as it spilled over from a local issue to the national agenda. At the same time, the European Union has made steps to give greater prevalence to the topic of demographic decline. This article maps out and provides a narrative of the failed attempts of territorial mobilisation around this issue since 2016. It examines a number of territorial actors as they try to are shape both Spain´s Demographic strategy against demographic decline as well as their rent-seeking efforts towards EU Cohesion Policy post 2020 by way of maps and a novel definition. They try to address the same territorial challenge, the growing depopulation of vast areas of inland Spain, but are unable to coalesce around common solutions due to their different priorities and approaches.
Préstamos lingüísticos en la vida cotidiana (Burgos, siglo XVIII)
Authors: Laguna Álvarez María Asunción
Published: September 2022

La historia del léxico español ha encontrado una valiosa fuente de información en los inventarios de bienes incluidos en documentos notariales. Los inventarios registran un léxico marcado, el de la vida cotidiana, que no siempre formaba parte de obras que sirvieron como base para elaborar los diccionarios académicos. Los inventarios localizados en Protocolos del siglo xviii conservados en el Archivo Histórico Provincial de Burgos ofrecen ejemplos de las adaptaciones hechas por los escribanos sobre voces extranjeras llegadas a la vez que nuevas modas y objetos. Se analizarán en este trabajo palabras pertenecientes a este léxico marcado, cuyo interés desde el punto de vista filológico reside en la dificultad de la traducción directa y en la documentación temprana de dichas voces en el idioma español.
STRUCTURAL ENVIRONMENT OF FLUORIDE IONS IN APATITES OF CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND ORIGIN: 19F MAS NMR STUDY
Authors: Kalinichenko O.A. , Pavlyshyn V.I. , Snisar V.P. , Kalinichenko A.M.
Published: September 2022

Apatites of markedly different chemical composition and origin were studied using 19F magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance. Synthetic carbonate fluorapatites (CFAp) containing 2.6 to 4.7 wt% F, 0 to 4 wt% CO2 and 0 to 1 wt% Na2О, hydroxylfluorapatite (OH:F ≈ 1:1) containing about 3 wt% Y (Y-HFAp), natural REE-apatites, and CFAp and Y-HFAp heated at temperature from 700 to 1000 oC were researched. The spectra of apatites with isomorphic substitutions show the signals (chemical shift δ) caused by fluoride ions in fluorapatite structure and, possibly, near defects in Ca sites (from −102.5 to −100 ppm), near water molecules (H2Os) incorporated in the channels (about −96.5 ppm), and one or two signals with δх from −91 to −86 ppm. The spectra of synthetic CFAp and Y-НFAр heated up to 900 oС and original natural REE-apatites show two components, δх1 and δх2 shifted with 2 − 3 ppm, in this range. It is shown that the component δx2 is new, it hasn’t been observed in the spectra previously. Signals in the δх range are caused by Fх ions (up to 12% F) whose structural environment is different substantially from the "ideal" fluorapatite structure. It is found that the contents of Fх ions and CO2 in synthetic CFAp correlate linearly. It is shown that Fx (Fх1) ions can occupied sites in the channels near single vacancies Ca, and Fх2 ions — near double vacancies, Ca and anionic those in the channels, in CFAp with the F content not higher than stoichiometric and Y-НFАр. These vacancies can form through different heterovalent isomorphism mechanisms such as РО43− → СО32− and/or Са2+ → M3+ (М = REE, Al, Fe), vacancies in the channels of heated apatites with partial substitutions F → H2Os, OH — through dehydration and/or dehydroxylation.
THE NEW CARBONACEOUS XENOLITH K4 AND ITS NATURE IN THE ORDINARY KRYMKA METEORITE (LL3.1)
Authors: Semenenko V.P. , Shkurenko K.O. , Litvinenko Yu.O.
Published: September 2022

A study of the structural, mineralogical and chemical properties of another carbonaceous xenolith (K4) occurring in the Krymka chondrite (LL3.1) was made. The xenolith does not correspond to any known chemical sub-group of carbonaceous chondrites in terms of chemical composition and certain mineralogical characteristics, although its fine-grained component is similar to that of CI chondrites. Presence of graphite microcrystals makes the xenolith K4 similar to the Krymka xenoliths K1, K3, and Gr1-Gr7. Xenolith K4 has large amounts of iron sulfide. This may possibly be due to a nonuniform distribution of mineral fractions in a dusty component of the protoplanetary nebula, which could have both a local and more widespread character. During a pre-agglomeration period, K4 accumulated on its surface partially oxidized mineral dust in the same region of the gas-dust protoplanetary nebula as other xenoliths and chondrules of the Krymka meteorite. The evolution of xenolith K4 is generally similar to that of other Krymka graphite-bearing xenoliths, but differs in the relationship among minerals in the primary dusty aggregates. These features determined its distinct chemical and mineralogical characteristics and indicate mineralogical heterogeneity in the dusty component at the micro-level during the pre-accretional period of a mineral material development of the Solar system.
Management of women with postpartum pre-eclampsia
Authors:   Kharkiv medical Academy of postgraduate education, Lakhno I.V.
Published: September 2022

Pre-eclampsia found only in humans during the second half of pregnancy or the postpartum period, is known to be featured by the development of arterial hypertension and multiple organ failure syndrome. Almost a third of eclampsia is known to occur in the postpartum period. The pre-eclamptic patients require thorough monitoring of blood pressure and administration of antihypertensive drugs in the puerperium. The pathogenesis and tactics of the developed de novo postpartum pre-eclampsia have not been sufficiently studied. The greatest risk of stroke after delivery remains for 10 days. In the case of postpartum pre-eclampsia, it is very important to start using antihypertensives in a timely manner. First-line drugs should be used not later than 30-60 minutes from the time of severe pre-eclampsia diagnosing to prevent intracranial hemorrhage. Labetalol or hydralazine should be used in order to reduce blood pressure. Sublingual administration of nifedipine may also be considered as first-line therapy. The use of magnesium sulfate is necessary for the prevention of seizures in patients with severe preeclampsia. In the case of eclampsia, a solution of magnesium sulfate is administered intravenously at a loading dose of 4-5 g for 15-20 minutes and then continued infusion at a dose of 1 g per hour throughout the day. Uterine curettage is also a possible measure of reducing blood pressure in women with pre-eclampsia. Uterine curettage reduced blood pressure in pre-eclamptic patients, but without adequate reporting of harms of perforation and infection dissemination, so it cannot currently be recommended. However, curettage should be done during a caesarean section of women with preeclampsia. The own case of a systemic inflammatory response syndrome that occurred in a postpartum woman with mild pre-eclampsia is given. Postpartum endomyometritis, which was caused by group B streptococcus, should have played a triggering role in the progression of preeclampsia. The problem of polychemical resistance has led to the inability of traditional antimicrobial agents to prevent the dissemination of infection after curettage. The systemic inflammatory response syndrome has contributed to the increased severity of preeclampsia and the development of multiple organ failure. Key words: preeclampsia, postpartum period, antihypertensive drugs.
Criteria for the diagnosis of infectious lesions of the lower urinary tract and pelvic organs
Authors:   ML «DILA», Kyiv, Shumytskyi A.V. , Burka O.A. ,   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine,   ML «DILA», Kyiv, Tutchenko T.M. ,   SI «Institute of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology named after academician O.M. Lukyanova of the NAMS of Ukraine», Kyiv,   ML «DILA», Kyiv
Published: September 2022

Urinary tract infections are the third most prevalent in humans after respiratory and gastrointestinal infections. In fact, bacterial infections of the urinary tract are the most common cause of both hospital and community hospital infections in patients. Pelvic inflammatory diseases (PID) are infectious inflammatory diseases of the upper female genital tract. In addition, the infection can also spread to the abdomen. The classic patient with a high risk of developing a PMTCT is, first and foremost, a woman with multiple sexual partners and unprotected sex. Key words: urethritis, PID, laboratory diagnostics, PCR, cultural research.
O ensino do movimento retrógrado de Marte utilizando o software Stellarium e videoanálise
Authors: de Melo S.M. Beserra , de Jesus V.L.B. , Sasaki D.G.G.
Published: September 2022

Neste trabalho é apresentada uma proposta de atividade que utiliza uma simulação e um experimento lúdico, como forma de transposição didática, para o ensino do movimento retrógrado aparente de Marte. A simulação desse movimento foi realizada com o software livre Stellarium. Por sua vez, o experimento utilizou dois fidget spinners acoplados de maneira a fazer uma analogia com o movimento orbital da Terra e de Marte. Tanto na simulação quanto no experimento foi realizada a videoanálise utilizando o software livre Tracker. A atividade foi ordenada nas seguintes etapas: 1) Apresentar a simulação e sua videoanálise para ilustrar o movimento relativo de Marte no referencial da Terra; 2) Apresentar a videoanálise do movimento dos fidget spinners acoplados em três referenciais distintos, análogos aos referenciais do Sol (modelo heliocêntrico), da Terra (modelo geocêntrico) e de Marte; 3) Apresentar a videoanálise do movimento do centro de massa dos fidget spinners e discorrer, qualitativamente, sobre a adequação do modelo heliocêntrico, na descrição dos movimentos dos planetas do sistema solar.
Sorghum as a household food and livelihood security crop under climate change in South Africa: A review
Authors: Dunjana Nothando , Dube Ernest , Chauke Patience , Motsepe Matiga , Madikiza Seneo , Kgakatsi Ikalafeng , Nciizah Adornis
Published: September 2022

Extreme events, declining rainfall and increasing temperatures under climate change threaten smallholder households’ food and livelihoods security. The potential of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) to contribute to food security and livelihoods of smallholders in South Africa has not been realised, despite its resilience to heat and drought, due to its marginalisation in research, breeding, the scale of production, and policy support. Consequently, to reduce vulnerability and boost sorghum’s position as a key climate change adaptation crop, in this review we examined some biophysical, socio-economic, socio-cultural and institutional barriers that constrain its production and performance on smallholder farms in South Africa. We further suggest pertinent issues to be addressed to improve production and productivity on smallholder farms. Increasing awareness, policy development and support, and capacitation of extension services, as well as improving market access, agronomic and cultural practices, and availability of more locally adapted sorghum varieties are requisite factors in addressing the prevailing constraints limiting sorghum production. Furthermore, tailored and site-specific studies at farm and landscape level are imperative for informed management and decision support. Thus, an integrated and multidisciplinary approach is key in fostering significant improvement in sorghum production and performance in smallholder systems in South Africa to reduce climate change vulnerability.
Significance:

Sorghum has the potential to bolster food and livelihoods of smallholder farmers in South Africa.
Socio-economic, socio-cultural and biophysical challenges limit sorghum production and performance in South Africa.
An integrated and multidisciplinary approach is required to optimise the opportunities to improve sorghum production and performance in South Africa.
Cardiac arrest due to intentional yew tree (Taxus baccata) ingestion
Authors: Dorota Ochijewicz , Anna Fojt , Jakub Zieniewicz , Robert Kowalik
Published: September 2022

A 22-year-old woman with a history of bulimia, depression, and one suicidal attempt was admitted to the Emergency Department (ED) after out of hospital cardiac arrest. Her co-workers were proceeding with basic life support with an automated external defibrillator. After the arrival of the emergency service, advanced life support proceeded and ventricular fibrillation was the first rhythm recorded.
Histopathologically atypical astroblastoma with MN1-CXXC5 fusion transcript diagnosed by methylation classifier
Authors: Gerald C Wallace , Robert JB Macaulay , Arnold B Etame , Kenneth Aldape , Yolanda Pina
Published: September 2022

Adult astroblastoma is an exceedingly rare primary brain tumor. Previous reports have suggested various radiographic and histological features typical for these tumors, but the diagnosis can be challenging. We present a unique case of astroblastoma diagnosed after 13 years of treatment as a CNS embryonal neoplasm. Histologically, this tumor lacked previously identified astroblastic features such as pseudorosettes, trabeculated patterns, and hyalinized vessels. The tumor was synaptophysin positive which further confounded the diagnosis in this case. Methylation classification was performed with a high confidence match to a high-grade neuroepithelial neoplasm with a CXXC5-MN1 fusion. Molecular characterization confirmed a CXX5-MN1 fusion transcript which has been seen in at least one other instance. Though known to be involved in tumorigenesis, the roles of CXXC5 and MN1, in this case, remain unclear. We discuss the unusual histopathological features of this tumor and the value of recent updates to the WHO molecular diagnosis scheme for central nervous system tumors. We also briefly review the literature related to astroblastoma. The current case highlights our evolving recognition of atypical histological patterns for astroblastoma and the importance of new molecular profiles which can aid in the diagnosis.
An Investigation of Secondary School Students’ Cognitive Structures in the Subject of Life Skills
Authors: YAMAN Havva , ALACA Merve Bahar , ER NAS Sibel
Published: September 2022

The aim of this research is to reveal the cognitive structures and explanation situations of secondary school students for life skills. The study is a descriptive survey model in quantitative research methods. The sample of the study consisted of 189 secondary school students. The Word Association Test (WAT) was used as the data collection tool. Six keywords (communication, entrepreneurship, teamwork, creativity, analytical thinking, and decision-making) that form life skills were included in order to create the WAT. In the analysis process of WAT, a frequency table has been made to show which words or concepts are repeated for which keyword. According to the frequency table, a conceptual relational network that revealed the cognitive structures of secondary school students was drawn. It was determined that secondary school students could not produce enough words regarding life skills concepts. The number of students who gave answers especially about creative thinking and decision-making concepts was quite limited. Based on the results of the research, it is recommended to develop the diversity of concepts in students' cognitive structures for life skills concepts and their conceptual knowledge of life skills with applied activities in different courses.
[Re]naturalizarea „Istoriei Moldovii” de J.A. Gebhardi în traducerea lui Ion Nemișescu. Practici de traducere la începutul secolului al XIX-lea
Authors: Chiriac Alexandra
Published: September 2022

Teoria și practica traducerii în perioada iluminismului românesc (1770–1830) reprezintă un domeniu fertil de analiză a modului în care textele, ideile și terminologia circulă în spațiul european. Folosindu-ne de conceptele lui Lawrence Venuti de ‘naturalizare’ și ‘înstrăinare’ a textelor prin traducere, articolul de față își propune să evidențieze, în baza unui studiu de caz, modul în care traducătorul, ca actor aparent invizibil, aduce în față publicului său țintă un discurs fluent și natural, presărat pe alocuri cu elemente de înstrăinare ce atrag atenția asupra caracterului de traducere al textului țintă. Un text de istorie universală scris de un autor german pentru un public german (Geschichte der Moldau de L.A. Gebhardi în 1788), tradus în limba română de Ion Nemișescu drept un text științific de istorie națională (Istoria Moldovii, 1808) devine un exemplu simptomatic pentru o practică de traducere ancorată în realitatea socio-culturală și lingvistică a culturii țintă. Analiza traductologică în baza celor două texte relevă astfel modul în care traducătorul român face o serie de alegeri de transpunere, conștiente sau nu, care au însă mereu în vedere publicul cititor pentru care realizează un text fluent ce împletește elemente familiare cu o viziune științifică străină și un discurs istoriografic modern.
O paralelă între primul verset al genezei biblice, poemul „Grădina Tainei” și Arborele Sephirotic al Kabbalei
Authors: Cojocaru Andrei Victor
Published: September 2022

Acest articol propune un studiu situat la granița dintre literatura comparată și hermeneutica simbolurilor. Deși literatura tradițională a Orientului Apropiat oferă numeroase posibilități de abordare, contextul analizei se va focaliza mai ales asupra unei paralele între reprezentarea Arborelui Sephirotic al Kabbalei (numit și Pomul Vieții) și anumite versuri din poemul „Grădina Tainei” scris de Mahmūd Shabestarī. Totodată, vom utiliza ca liant între cele două contexte și o interpretare simbolică a primului verset al genezei biblice. Alături de evidențierea cîtorva particularități pe care le presupune decriptarea alfabetului ebraic, acest demers își propune o abordare care să faciliteze tranziția de la un tip de Kabbala intelectuală la o receptare care ține de Kabbala intuitivă. În consecință, literatura comparată apare mai mult ca un pretext pentru contextualizarea metodei de abordare, precum și pentru prezentarea unor exemple ilustrative.
PANDEMIC COVID-19 AS A KEY FACTOR IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF DDOS-ATTACKS INSURANCE
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Prykaziuk N. , Gumenyuk L. ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv
Published: September 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic was a turning point for all participants in economic relations. The insurance market has faced new challenges related to the format of cooperation with clients changing, as well as the transformation of clients’ business. Remote work has identified threats that can not only stop the industry but also destroy it. One of the examples of such threats is DDoS-attacks, targeted at stopping the computer systems of the victims of the attack. In 2021, the share of organizations that suffered losses after DDoS-attack increased to 86.2 %, 9 pp more than before the COVID-19 pandemic. IT administrators sometimes don’t notice the consequences of attacks, so they can’t assess the state of their business entirely. Cybersecurity experts should be involved in this monitoring, but often they only restore IT systems, without compensation. The set of services in cyber-insurance policy consists of: monitoring the client’s IT systems, providing recommendations for its improvement, assistance in case of DDOS-attack, payment of compensation, and restoration of reputation. Therefore, DDoS-attacks insurance has become more popular during the COVID-19 pandemic. The volume of the cyber-insurance market grew by 39 % in 2020 and reached $7 billion vs 2018. The primary insurers in this area are media and publications, as all their activities are built on Internet-based systems. The article examines the transformation of the cyber insurance market in the world before and after the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. The state and prospects of DDoS-attacks insurance are considered, and the necessity of developing of this type of insurance in Ukraine is proved. Recommendations are provided for the introduction of cyber DDoS-attacks insurance products in the portfolio of Ukrainian insurance companies in the context of the Digital Strategy of Ukraine 2030.
Assessment of the Foot Donor Site Morbidity After Non-Vascularized Toe Phalanx Transfer to the Hand
Authors: Matveev Pavel A. , Shvedovchenko Igor V. , Smirnova Ludmila M. , Koltsov Andrey A.
Published: September 2022

Background. Non-vascularized is one of the available methods of reconstructive surgery for the treatment of the hand congenital anomalies. The the impact of toe phalanx transfer on the appearance and functionality of the donor site in the long term is relevant.
Aim of the study an objective assessment of the appearance, shape and functional state of the foot in the long-term period after the toe phalanx transfer into defects of the fingers in congenital and obtained hand pathologies.
Methods. On the basis of the Federal Scientific Center for the Rehabilitation of the Disabled named after G.A. Albrecht 40 patients were examined, who, aged from 8 months to 11 years (in the period 2013-2022), underwent 54 toe phalanx transfer to the hand. The proximal or middle phalanx of the IV and II toes were used as a graft. To assess the condition of the feet in the long term, all patients underwent clinical and radiological studies. 12 patients aged 3 to 13 years underwent computerized plantography, podometry and barodynamoplantography.
Results. After donor feet examination in the long-term period, lots of them showed a linear shortening of the donor toes compared to the contralateral foot, which was recorded by a computer planto-podometric method for evidence. The barodinamoplantographic study did not show significant signs of a decrease in the support ability of the foot, which could be associated with non-vascularized toe phalanx transfer. When walking, there were no obvious signs of impaired motor functions of the donor foot.
Conclusion. It was objectively confirmed that the non-vascularized toe phalanx transfer to the hand does not significantly affect the shape and statodynamic function of the foot in the long-term follow-up period, despite the shortening of the donor toes.
Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Thromboembolic Complications in Traumatology and Orthopedics: Methodological Guidelines
Authors: Bozhkova Svetlana A. , Tikhilov Rashid  M. , Andriyashkin Vyacheslav  V. , Akhtyamov Il’dar  F. , Belov Mikhail  V. , Dianov Sergei  V. , Kasimova Alina  R. , Kaplunov Oleg  A. , Kopenkin Sergei  S. , Malanin Dmitrii  A. , Mushtin Nikita  E. , Tsed Alexander  N.
Published: September 2022

The guidelines describe modern approaches to the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of thromboembolic complications in patients with injuries and after musculoskeletal surgery, in accordance with the interdisciplinary draft of the Clinical Guidelines (2022) Deep vein thrombosis of the extremities, which has passed public hearings and is being approved by the Russian Ministry of Health. The guidelines are designed for doctors of various specialties to provide medical care to specialized patients: orthopedic surgeons, anesthesiologists, resuscitators, clinical pharmacologists, health care organizers, medical students, residents, graduate students.
Risk factors for premature placental abruption: a retrospective observational comparative study
Authors: Rudakova Irina S. , Shifman Efim M. , Tikhova Galina P.
Published: September 2022

AIM: This study aimed to determine the risk factors for premature placental abruption (PPA).
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective comparative study was conducted at the Republican Perinatal Center of Petrozavodsk. The study group included 106 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of PPA from 2007 to 2017. The control group (comparison) included 106 women without PPA and abnormal placenta.
RESULTS: The statistical data analysis revealed the following risk factors of PPA: lack of higher education in the patient (odds ratio [OR]: 0.51, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.280.90); smoking (OR: 3.41, 95% CI: 1.298.97); chronic liver disease (OR: 7.29, 95% CI: 1.6033.06); uterine abnormalities (OR: 8.57, 95% CI: 1.0569.79); and pelvic inflammatory disease (OR: 6.12, 95% CI: 2.5614.62). The effect of chronic hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and anemia on the occurrence of PPA in our study was not significant.
CONCLUSION: An increased risk of PPA was found in patients who smoke without higher education with chronic liver disease, uterine abnormalities, and pelvic inflammatory diseases.
Newborns in the early neonatal period in a group of mothers at high obstetric and perinatal risk
Authors: Samchuk Petr M. , Tsaroeva Inna K. , Ishchenko Anatoliy I. , Azoeva Evelina L.
Published: September 2022

AIM: We aimed at assessing the status of newborns in the early neonatal period in a group of mothers at high prenatal risk for preeclampsia (PE), fetal growth restriction (FGR), preterm birth (PTB), and fetal chromosomal abnormalities (FCA).
MATERIALS AND METHODS: We prospectively analyzed the status of 435 singletons. Mothers in the first-trimester underwent prenatal screening with risk assessment. Group 1 (study group, n=231) included high-risk subgroups for FCA (subgroup 1A, n=67), maternal PE (subgroup 1B, n=66), FGR (subgroup 1C, n=46), and PTB (subgroup 1D, n=52). We excluded risk combinations. Group 2 (controls) included 204 children of low-risk women.
RESULTS: Group 1 had a higher incidence of mild-to-moderate asphyxia compared with group 2 (p 0.05) and was more frequent in 1B, 1C, and 1D subgroups. Moreover, the frequency of severe asphyxia was similar between the groups (p 0.05). Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and developmental delay were more frequent in group 1 than in group 2 (p 0.05). Moreover, group 1 children required monitoring and treatment more frequently that in group 2 (p 0.05). The frequency of infectious complications in group 1 and 1A, 1B, and 1C subgroups was equally higher than that of group 2 (p 0.05), while respiratory distress syndrome predominated in group 1 (subgroup 1D) and was not observed in group 2. The discharge rate was 95.7% in group 1 and 84.0% in group 2 (p 0.05). On days 3 to 5, 16% and 3.4% of children in groups 1 and 2, respectively, were transferred to the second stage of aftercare (p 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: In the early neonatal period, children born to high-risk mothers, as opposed to those born to low-risk mothers, were significantly more likely to have asphyxia, IUGR, infectious complications, and indications for continued treatment in the second stage of nursing.
Combined use of antimicrobial medication and physical therapeutic factors in periodontitis
Authors: Kodzaeva Zarina S. , Daurova Fatima Yu. , Tomaeva Diana I. , Volkov Alexander G. , Dikopova Nataliya Zh. , Budina Tatyana V.
Published: September 2022

Metronidazole-based preparations are widespread in periodontal practice among those with antibacterial action. However, recently, reports are increasing about the resistance of pathogenic microorganisms to metronidazole. The treatment of this problem is facilitated by the combined effect of metronidazole and physical therapeutic factors, which can ensure the delivery of the antimicrobial agent to periodontal tissues and its deposition. The efficacy of Metrogil Dent gel ultraphonophoresis with low-frequency ultrasound and Metrogil electrophoresis in the treatment of periodontitis has been proven. However, no information is available in the literature about the comparative effectiveness of ultraphonophoresis and electrophoresis of metronidazole-based preparations in the complex treatment of periodontitis, which is of scientific and practical interest.
From the Norman Conquest to Magna Carta: The Political Consequences of the Deaths of Kings in England
Authors: KARAİMAMOĞLU Tolgahan
Published: September 2022

Ortaçağ kralları sahip oldukları kişisel bilgi, tecrübe ve yetenekleri sayesinde etki yaratmışlardır. Bundan dolayı da ortaçağ krallıklarının başarısı kralların kişisel dönemleriyle yakın ilgilidir. Böyle bir konjektörde kralların yaşamları ve ölümleri de sıradan olmamıştır. Çünkü bu iki süreç ve ardından kimin yeni kral olacağı sorusu siyasi periferde ciddi değişiklikleri tetiklemiştir: İngiltere’de olduğu gibi. İngiltere’de 1066-1216 yılları arasında kralların ölümleriyle meydane gelen olaylar ülkenin kaderini de ciddi şekilde etkilemiştir. Bu süre zarfında İngiltere tahtında dokuz kral bulunmuştur. Norman Fethi’nden Magna Carta’nın kabulüne uzanan süreçte, dokuz kralın ölümü sonucu oluşan siyasi iklim İngiltere hatta kıta geneli için büyük bir etki yaratmıştır. Çalışma bu noktadan hareketle 1066-1216 yılları arasında dokuz kralın dönemleri, ölümleri ve bu ölümlerin ülkenin siyasi koşullarını ne yönde etkilediğini açıklamaya odaklanmaktadır.
The Effect of Cultural Change on Future Generations: The Example of Death Rituals in Alevi-Bektashi Belief
Authors: GÜL İbrahim
Published: September 2022

Kültürel değişim gelecek kuşakları etkiler. Bu değişime Hakk’a yürüme (ölüm) olgusu örnek gösterilebilir. Bu çalışmada, Alevi-Bektaşi inancında Hakk’a yürüme erkânı ele alınmıştır. Nitel araştırma yöntemlerine dayanan çalışmada, kültür analizi deseni kullanılmıştır. Veriler, araştırmacının geliştirdiği yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formuyla toplanmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu, bu hizmetleri yürüten dede ve talipler oluşturmaktadır. Konu uygulama içerdiğinden katılımlı gözlem tekniği yönteminden yararlanılmıştır. Verilerinin çözümlenmesinde içerik analizi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma bulgularına göre, çalışmaya katılanlar Alevilik inancını, İslamiyet’in içinde görmektedirler. Katılımcılar cenazelerin Türkçe bir dua ile Alevi erkânına göre kaldırılmasını, ölen kişi için cenaze namazı kılınmasını, cenaze namazındaki duaların okunmasını istemektedirler. Katılımcılar farklı cenaze kaldırma uygulamalarının bir ayrışmaya neden olmayacağını düşünmektedirler. Ruh ve can ile ilgili görüş belirtmekten kaçınmış, ahirete inanma konusunda fikir birliği içindedirler.
Pediatric multiple sclerosis on the rise
Authors: Soni Mridul , Deol Dilkanwal Singh , Goyal Aditi
Published: September 2022

The development of multiple sclerosis in children provides to have prophylactic and treatment problems, especially if the manifestations of the initial demyelinating episode mirror the acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. This disease which was once considered a rare occurrence has started to show more cases in the last few years. Magnetic resonance imaging seems to be an excellent diagnostic technique but it is limited because of the accuracy to identify acute disseminated encephalomyelitis from the initial bout of multiple sclerosis. Sophisticated magnetic resonance imaging methods could provide the needed precision to identify if the degradation and consistency of non-lesional matter can be differentiated for what happens as a core hallmark of multiple sclerosis. Even though the development of multiple sclerosis in infancy often forecasts a positive short-term outcome, several children become seriously impaired, whether physically or intellectually, and much more than fifty percent are anticipated to reach the secondary-progressive stage of the illness by the age of thirty years. Immunomodulatory treatments for multiple sclerosis and its therapeutic administration in adolescents may enhance long-term outcomes. Environmental and genetic variables, including viral infection, could be especially suitable for investigation in juvenile individuals with multiple sclerosis. Addressing the immunological effects of these exposures should offer insight into the early clinical manifestations and correct diagnosis of multiple sclerosis.
A comparative study between cobblator and microdebrider assisted inferior turbinate reduction surgery
Authors: Jadhav Santosh Govindrao , Mane Balaji Shankarrao , Gavali Rushali Madhukar
Published: September 2022

Background: Inferior turbinate hypertrophy (ITH) management includes medical and surgical line which reduces the size of the turbinate. The surgical line of management includes old partial and total turbinectomy to newer technique as submucous inferior turbinate reduction (ITR) using cobblation, microdebrider, radiofrequency ablation, diathermy, cryotherapy, and laser therapy.

Methods: Our study was duration based prospective observational study conducted between August 2021 to August 2022 in department of otorhinolaryngology at our institute with total of 160 patients who have undergone turbinate reduction surgery during 1 year duration. Half number of patients have undergone microdebrider assisted submucous inferior turbinate reduction surgery (group A) and remaining half number have undergone cobblator assisted submucous Inferior turbinate reduction surgery (group B). Comparison of pre-operative and postoperative data of each surgical technique was the aim of our study.  

Results: On comparing the nasal obstruction symptom evaluation (NOSE) score using unpaired t test, between the two techniques on each follow up days respectively, it was found that cobblation provided better improvement than microdebrider on each day and the results were highly significant with p value <0.01. On comparing the pre-operative and post-operative (day 60) inferior turbinate size using paired t test, the result of the test was statistically significant with p value <0.01 in both nostrils using both the techniques.

Conclusions: Submucosal inferior turbinate reduction surgery for ITH using either microdebrider or cobblator technique shown better improvement in terms of NOSE score improvement, Inferior turbinate size reduction, mucocilliary transit time improvement.

 
Interés privado versus interés público en el servicio de la deuda externa de México, 1842-1845
Authors: Martínez-Carmona Gabriel
Published: September 2022

El artículo analiza las acciones del agente financiero de México en Londres, F. de Lizardi y Compañía, en relación con el pago del servicio de deuda externa. En el periodo propuesto se encuentra una relación conflictiva entre este y el ministro plenipotenciario de México en la misma ciudad, debido a la serie de acciones del agente, que privilegiaban su interés particular en lugar del de la república. A través del estudio de documentación oficial, correspondencia entre los dos actores y de estos con el comité de tenedores de bonos, así como con notas hemerográficas, se busca comprender de mejor forma el enfrentamiento entre intereses privados y públicos en la incipiente diplomacia financiera mexicana.
Toxicological Sequelae of Pesticide Combinations Exposure in Buffalo Mesenchymal Stem Cells under In Vitro
Authors: Singh H. , Lonare M. K. , Sharma M. , Udheya R. , Singla S. , Dumka V. K.
Published: September 2022

The presence of one or more pesticides in a variety of mediums is responsible for their indirect toxicological events leading to cell senescence. In the present investigation, the endeavor was made to see the effect of pesticides Car- Benda-Zim (CBZ) and IMIdacloprid (IMI) alone and in combination with bone marrow-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (bMSCs) of buffalo origin. Isolated and cultured bMSCs were exposed to CBZ and IMI alone and in combinations at lower doses. Cells were observed for alterations in cell morphology, oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage and cellular senescence. bMSCs characterized for stem cell surface markers and found to be positive for AP, CD73 and OCT4. bMSCs exposed to IC25, IC12.5 and IC6.25 CBZ and IMI alone and combinations of IC12.5 and IC6.25 of CBZ and IMI. Results revealed significant reduction (p?0.05) in cell viability noticed on microscopic examination along with loss of normal cell morphology and increased in Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) positive cells, cells with loss of ??m and number of senescent cells in CBZ and IMI treated groups. Lower dose combination groups showed elevated effects when compared with higher dose alone treated groups and control groups. Present findings suggest that CBZ and IMI induced cytotoxicity in bMSCs mediated via ROS production, altered ??m leading to the cell damage and predisposing senescence process. Moreover, the co-existence of CBZ and IMI in a medium has a considerably more toxic effect than their individual effect.
Potential Protective Role of Curcumin on the Toxic Effect of Food Azo Dye Tartrazine on the Brain of Young Albino Rats
Authors: Mohamed Hosieny Nemaallah , El-Demerdash Ibrahim Mona , Ahmed Samah M. , Zayed Mohammad Hassan Mohammad
Published: September 2022

The use of coloring agents in food industry has dramatically increased. Children are the main consumers of colored food products and beverages and are more vulnerable to the effects of synthetic colorants. Curcumin, an active constituent of turmeric plant, has been the subject of extensive studies assessing its antioxidant properties. The present study was conducted to evaluate the protective potentials of curcumin against neurotoxicity induced by the synthetic food colorant; tartrazine. Thirty-six young male albino rats were divided into six groups; negative control (Group I), distilled water (Group II), corn oil (Group III), curcumin (Group IV), tartrazine (Group V) and tartrazine+curcumin (Group VI). At the end of the study, the rats were subjected to biochemical, histological and immunohistochemical staining for GFAP. Our results showed that tartrazine induced a significant decrease in GSH, serotonin and GABA levels and a significant increase in MDA levels in the brain as compared to control groups. Tartrazine induced apoptosis, vacuolations, congestion and cellular infiltration in the brain tissue. An immunohistochemistry study showed astrogliosis with increased expression of GFAP. Curcumin ameliorated all these effects. In conclusion, tartrazine is neurotoxic. Increased brain oxidative stress and cellular damage are contributing factors. Curcumin can prevent tartrazine-induced neurotoxicity.
Environmental Fate, Exposure and Toxicity of New Emerging Pollutant: Tetrabromobisphenol A.
Authors: Sharma Prince , Sharma Khushboo , Singh Mandeep , Chadha Pooja
Published: September 2022

Brominated Flame Retardants (BFRs) are being utilized to reduce the flammability of plastics, textiles, and electronics. They differ in their chemical properties and structures, and it is conventional that these distinctions alter their biological interactions as well as toxicity. Tetra-Bromo-Bis-Phenol A (TBBPA) is a pervasive environmental contaminant that is seen in both abiotic and biotic matrices. This review discusses the occurrence, distribution, and fate of TBBPA from source to the environment. Recent studies have raised worry over the potentially harmful implications of TBBPA exposure in humans and wildlife, prompting its characterization under group 2A “Probably carcinogenic to humans” by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Worldwide there are no present confinements on its production and usage. On the other hand, very little information is accessible with respect to its toxicity to humans and aquatic animals. More research is required to characterize human exposure to TBBPA in and around production facilities, as well as in e-waste recycling regions. So as to safeguard the environment and human health, detailed investigations are urgently needed, especially on tracking the exposure pathways which may affect the workers and local residents around the exposure sites.
Toxicological Assessment of Methanolic Fruit Extract of Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC. in Swiss Albino Mice: Acute and Sub-acute Toxicity Study
Authors: Shylla Armanki , Pathaw Dondor , Roy Bishnupada
Published: September 2022

Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC. is widely used in traditional plant-based medical practices in India, with different parts of this plant used to treat a variety of ailments. Though this has been a time-tested practice, the side effects and other implications that the plant may have should not be overlooked. This study evaluated the toxicity of the methanolic fruit extract of Z. acanthopodium in Swiss albino mice by conducting acute and sub-acute toxicity tests using hematological, biochemical, ultrastructural analysis, sperm abnormality, and genotoxicity as parameters. For the acute toxicity test, mice were treated with a single dose of 5000 mg extract/kg bw of mice. While for sub-acute toxicity test, doses of 200, 500, and 1000 mg of the extract/kg bw were administered to the mice. Furthermore, a satellite group of the respective control group and the highest dose group were employed to observe the post-treatment effect that the plant may have. The acute toxicity test resulted in a significant reduction of the mean body weight gain in treated mice, but, no signs of morbidity and mortality were recorded. Sub-acute toxicity test revealed a negative effect of the plant extract on the blood and biochemical parameters. Light and electron microscopic examination of the liver and kidney showed the damaging effects of the extract on the tissues and the cellular structures. In addition, the extract induced sperm abnormalities with a significant reduction of sperm count and sperm viability, and caused an increase in the percentage of abnormally shaped sperms. The extract treatment also resulted in an increased frequency of chromosomal aberrations as well as cell death.
Carbosulfan Induced Reproductive Toxicity in Male Albino Rats (Rattus norvegicus) and Protective effect of Cissus quadrangularis
Authors: Prakash Lokeshkumar , David Muniswamy
Published: September 2022

Carbosulfan is the most commonly used carbamate insecticide in the agriculture industry and is known to cause diverse toxicological effects on non-target organisms. Farmers are more susceptible to accidental consumption of insecticides owing to their unscientific use and ease of access. The present investigation was carried out to evaluate reproductive toxicity induced by carbosulfan and its amelioration using traditional Cissus quadrangularis plant extract. The rats were divided into six groups; (E1) control treated with 1% DMSO/kg bw, (E2) plant extract alone (1000 mg/kg bw), (E3) low dose of carbosulfan (3.4 mg/kg bw), (E4) high dose of carbosulfan (6.37 mg/kg bw), (E5) low dose (3.4 mg/kg bw) and (E6) high dose (6.37 mg/kg bw) carbosulfan co-treatment with Cissus quadrangularis extract (1000 mg/kg bw) for 60 days. The reproductive parameters including histology of testes, sperm count, motility, morphology, and hormonal assay (FSH, T, LH) were performed. Carbosulfan treated groups (E3 & E4) were manifested histopathological alterations including tubular degeneration, disorganisation of cells, vacuolisation, and sloughing of germ cells into the tubular lumen. The hormonal level, sperm count, and motility were significantly decreased and the sperm abnormality rate was increased in the E4 group compared to the control group. The groups (E5 & E6) co-treated with plant extract were significantly recovered compared to insecticide-treated groups (E3 & E4). The histological and hormonal changes were attributed to the reprotoxic effects of the insecticide. However, co-treatment of plant extract significantly recovered the toxic effects caused by low concentration (E5) than the high concentration (E6) of carbosulfan.
Mitigation of Toxic Effects of 2 Naphthalene Sulfonate after its Treatment with Microbial Consortia
Authors: Mehra Sukanya , Dhammi Prince , Chadha Pooja , Singh Saini Harvinder
Published: September 2022

Present study aimed to treat 2 Napthalene Sulfonate (2NS), a dye intermediate with microbial consortia and assess its potential toxicological impact before and after treatment on the integrity of Deoxyribo-Nucleic Acid (DNA) in blood cells of Channa punctatus. Symbolic elevation in DNA damage with untreated 2NS administered fishes was observed as revealed by comet assay and micronucleus test. However, 2NS after being degraded using mixed bacterial population showed significant reduction in toxicological effects of 2NS. Thus, this study not only illustrated the adverse impact of such toxic contaminant of industrial waste but also suggested a highly efficient and eco-friendly way to remove the harmful xenobiotics from the environment which may help to reduce the exposure of aquatic fauna and flora to such lethal toxicants.
Health Risk Assessment of Paraquat Contaminated in Spirogyra spp. (tao) in Chiang Mai, Thailand
Authors: Tajai Preechaya , Daducale Assawin , Chuanphongpanich Sarunya
Published: September 2022

Spirogyra spp. (tao) is freshwater green algae which are consumed as an uncooked food especially in the north of Thailand. Aquatic plants especially algae are easily contaminated by pesticide residues from soil and water. Paraquat (1,1β-dimethyl, 4,4β-bipyridinium dichloride; PQ), a widely used herbicide among Thai farmers, is toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic to mammals through ingestion, inhalation and skin contact. This study aims to determine the concentrations of paraquat contaminated in Spirogyra spp. (tao) and health risk assessment on the consumption of Spirogyra spp. (tao) in Chiang Mai province, Thailand. The levels of paraquat were analyzed by using a simple, sensitive, and reliable method which was high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Seven samples were collected from the different districts. The levels of paraquat contamination were 5.07±0.00 to 12.69±0.10 mg/kg. The results showed that the concentrations of paraquat in all samples were lower than the standard level of the European Commission Regulation. Risk assessment of paraquat found that the hazard quotient was in the range of 0.18-0.46. It indicated that the consumption of Spirogyra spp. (tao) was expected to have no adverse health effects. However, the consumption of Spirogyra spp. (tao) should be a concern in terms of chronic exposure to toxic herbicide contaminated in the environment.
Effect of Di-(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate on Certain Haematological and Histological Parameters of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio)
Authors: Bisai Kampan , Kumar Behera Bijay , Kumar Nayak Sukanta , Kumar Pati Manoj
Published: September 2022

Di-(2-Ethyl-Hexyl) Phthalate (DEHP) is a plasticizer commonly found in aquatic environment due to wide use of plastics for various purposes. In this study, common carp (Cyprinus carpio) (length 14.2 ± 0.82 cm and weight 32.8 ± 0.66 g) were exposed to DEHP at three different concentration levels i.e., 10, 100 and 1000 ?g l-1 water for 30 d to find out its effect on certain haematological and histological parameters. Haematological studies revealed significant (p<0.05) decrease in erythrocyte counts, while leukocyte counts were significantly increased in treated group with increasing concentration of DEHP. Further, treatment of DEHP in concentration dependent manner showed deformities in erythrocytes whereas leukocytes were unaffected. The total plasma protein level was significantly (p<0.05) decreased in lower to higher concentration of the exposure. Histological studies showed gill and liver tissues were affected with impaired histoarchitecture in a dose dependent manner.