bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Facial emotion recognition in adopted children
Authors: Paine Amy L. , van Goozen Stephanie H. M. , Burley Daniel T. , Anthony Rebecca , Shelton Katherine H.
Published: July 2021

Children adopted from public care are more likely to experience emotional and behavioural problems. We investigated two aspects of emotion recognition that may be associated with these outcomes, including discrimination accuracy of emotions and response bias, in a mixed-method, multi-informant study of 4-to-8-year old children adopted from local authority care in the UK (N = 42). We compared adopted children’s emotion recognition performance to that of a comparison group of children living with their birth families, who were matched by age, sex, and teacher-rated total difficulties on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ, N = 42). We also examined relationships between adopted children’s emotion recognition skills and their pre-adoptive histories of early adversity (indexed by cumulative adverse childhood experiences), their parent- and teacher-rated emotional and behavioural problems, and their parents’ coded warmth during a Five Minute Speech Sample. Adopted children showed significantly worse facial emotion discrimination accuracy of sad and angry faces than non-adopted children. Adopted children’s discrimination accuracy of scared and neutral faces was negatively associated with parent-reported behavioural problems, and discrimination accuracy of angry and scared faces was associated with parent- and teacher-reported emotional problems. Contrary to expectations, children who experienced more recorded pre-adoptive early adversity were more accurate in identifying negative emotions. Warm adoptive parenting was associated with fewer behavioural problems, and a lower tendency for children to incorrectly identify faces as angry. Study limitations and implications for intervention strategies to support adopted children’s emotion recognition and psychological adjustment are discussed.
A simple approach to dynamic material balance for a dry-gas reservoir
Authors: Jongkittinarukorn Kittiphong , Last Nick , Jokhio Sarfaraz Ahmed , Escobar Freddy Humberto , Chewaroungroaj Jirawat
Published: July 2021

The dynamic material balance methodology can be used to estimate gas initially-in-place using only production and PVT data. With this methodology, reservoir pressure is obtained without requiring the well to be shut in; it is therefore superior to the static material balance method since there is no loss of production. However, the technique requires iterative calculations and numerical integration of gas pseudotime and is quite complex to implement in practice. A simpler and equally accurate methodology is proposed in this study. It requires only production and PVT data and also does not rely on a shut-in pressure survey. In addition, it requires neither iterative calculations nor numerical integration of gas pseudotime. The results of the analysis include gas initially-in-place and gas productivity index, and can easily be extended to production forecasting. Gas initially-in-place is evaluated with a high degree of reliability. The methodology is successfully tested with two simulated cases and one field case, giving high-accuracy results.
Key summary of German national treatment guidance for hospitalized COVID-19 patients
Authors: Malin Jakob J. , Spinner Christoph D. , Janssens Uwe , Welte Tobias , Weber-Carstens Steffen , Schälte Gereon , Gastmeier Petra , Langer Florian , Wepler Martin , Westhoff Michael , Pfeifer Michael , Rabe Klaus F. , Hoffmann Florian , Böttiger Bernd W. , Weinmann-Menke Julia , Kersten Alexander , Berlit Peter , Krawczyk Marcin , Nehls Wiebke , Fichtner Falk , Laudi Sven , Stegemann Miriam , Skoetz Nicole , Nothacker Monika , Marx Gernot , Karagiannidis Christian , Kluge Stefan
Published: July 2021

Purpose

This executive summary of a national living guideline aims to provide rapid evidence based recommendations on the role of drug interventions in the treatment of hospitalized patients with COVID-19.

Methods

The guideline makes use of a systematic assessment and decision process using an evidence to decision framework (GRADE) as recommended standard WHO (2021). Recommendations are consented by an interdisciplinary panel. Evidence analysis and interpretation is supported by the CEOsys project providing extensive literature searches and living (meta-) analyses. For this executive summary, selected key recommendations on drug therapy are presented including the quality of the evidence and rationale for the level of recommendation.

Results

The guideline contains 11 key recommendations for COVID-19 drug therapy, eight of which are based on systematic review and/or meta-analysis, while three recommendations represent consensus expert opinion. Based on current evidence, the panel makes strong recommendations for corticosteroids (WHO scale 5–9) and prophylactic anticoagulation (all hospitalized patients with COVID-19) as standard of care. Intensified anticoagulation may be considered for patients with additional risk factors for venous thromboembolisms (VTE) and a low bleeding risk. The IL-6 antagonist tocilizumab may be added in case of high supplemental oxygen requirement and progressive disease (WHO scale 5–6). Treatment with nMABs may be considered for selected inpatients with an early SARS-CoV-2 infection that are not hospitalized for COVID-19. Convalescent plasma, azithromycin, ivermectin or vitamin D3 should not be used in COVID-19 routine care.

Conclusion

For COVID-19 drug therapy, there are several options that are sufficiently supported by evidence. The living guidance will be updated as new evidence emerges.
Electrification of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Ground Transportation: Status Report
Authors: Fleming Kelly L. , Brown Austin L. , Fulton Lew , Miller Marshall
Published: July 2021

Purpose of Review

The medium- and heavy-duty vehicle sectors are responsible for an outsized portion of greenhouse gas emissions and harmful particulate emissions. Decarbonizing this sector is challenging and extremely necessary. This paper provides an overview of the current and future state of electrifying this sector.

Recent Findings

Recent research has shown that zero-emission vehicles used for medium- and heavy-duty applications are available and cost-saving over their lifetimes. This is especially true for buses and delivery trucks.

Electrification of the medium- and heavy-duty sector is critical and is possible in the next 2 decades with complementary policies at the federal level in the USA.
Die Knochenmarker BSP, CTX und NTX und deren Publikationscharakteristika im Rahmen einer bibliometrischen Analyse
Authors: Oremek G. M. , Passek K. , Wanke E. , Bendels M. H. , Ohlendorf D.
Published: July 2021

Die vorliegende Übersicht zu den Knochenmarkern Knochen-Sialoprotein (BSP), carboxyterminales Typ-I-Kollagen-Telopeptid (CTX) und N‑aminoterminales Typ-I-Kollagen-Telopeptid (NTX) wird im Rahmen der Serie „Tumormarker“ des Zentralblatts für Arbeitsmedizin, Arbeitsschutz und Ergonomie publiziert, die sich mit dem immer häufigeren Gebrauch der Bestimmung von spezifischen Markern bei sog. Manager-Vorsorgen und Check-up-Untersuchungen beschäftigt. BSP, CTX und NTX eignen sich grundsätzlich nicht für solche Vorsorgen, sondern sind Marker zur Therapie‑, Verlaufs- und Rezidivkontrolle von Knochenmetastasen. Unabhängig davon ist über diese Marker vielfach publiziert worden, wobei sich zudem eine hohe Sensitivität und Spezifität zeigt. Die Marker eignen sich aber auf keinen Fall als Screening-Parameter zur Frühdiagnostik und sollten hier nicht eingesetzt werden.
The Influence of Electric-Arc-Furnace Input Feeds on its Electrical Energy Consumption
Authors: Logar Vito , Škrjanc Igor
Published: July 2021

Operation of the electric arc furnaces (EAFs) is a subject to consider fluctuations in terms of its key performance indicators, such as the electrical energy consumption (EEC), tap-to-tap time, steel yield, and others. In this paper, a more detailed analysis of the electric arc furnace data is performed, investigating its EEC. It is well known that the EEC is affected by the weight and the type of charged scrap, the operational delays, and the tapping temperature. On the other hand, one can also deduce that the feeds, such as the carbon and the oxygen, could also affect the EEC, due to their role in redox equations and impact to the bath energy balance. Therefore, special attention is devoted to the analysis of the carbon-to-oxygen ratio during the electric arc furnace operation and the consequent influence of the oxygen availability on the EEC. Statistical analysis of more than 2500 heats of data, which were clustered according to the produced steel grade and the charged scrap mixture, has revealed that besides the beforementioned factors, fluctuations in EEC could appear also due to different amounts of added carbon and oxygen. Since the furnace operators usually rely on predefined guidelines and their own experience when actuating the furnace, a simplistic statistical approach can be used to reveal some of the weaknesses in the control routines, which can be used as a starting point to improve their actuation, leading to decreased energy consumption.

Graphical Abstract
Historia Augusta authorship: an approach based on Measurements of Complex Networks
Authors: Martins Armando , Grácio Clara , Teixeira Cláudia , Pimenta Rodrigues Irene , Zapata Juan Luís Garcia , Ferreira Lígia
Published: July 2021

In this work, we analyze in detail the topology of the written language network using co-occurrence of words to recognize authorship. The Latin texts object of this study are excerpts from Historia Augusta, a collection of biographies of Roman emperors extending from Hadrian, who started to reign in 117 CE, to Carus and his sons Numerian and Carinus, that is, to the years up 284–285 CE. According to the manuscript tradition, the biographies are attributed to six different authors. Scholarship since the late 19th century has been arguing for a single authorship instead. The aim of this paper is to verify this hypothesis.
Semiparametric likelihood inference for heterogeneous survival data under double truncation based on a Poisson birth process
Authors: Dörre Achim
Published: July 2021

We study a selective sampling scheme in which survival data are observed during a data collection period if and only if a specific failure event is experienced. Individual units belong to one of a finite number of subpopulations, which may exhibit different survival behaviour, and thus cause heterogeneity. Based on a Poisson process model for individual emergence of population units, we derive a semiparametric likelihood model, in which the birth distribution is modeled nonparametrically and the lifetime distributions parametrically, and define maximum likelihood estimators. We propose a Newton–Raphson-type optimization method to address numerical challenges caused by the high-dimensional parameter space. The finite-sample properties and computational performance of the proposed algorithms are assessed in a simulation study. Personal insolvencies are studied as a special case of double truncation and we fit the semiparametric model to a medium-sized dataset to estimate the mean age at insolvency and the birth distribution of the underlying population.
Ultrasound-assisted aqua-mediated synthesis of multi-substituted tetrahydropyridine-3-carboxylates using N-carboxymethyl-3-pyridinium hydrogensulfate ([N-CH2CO2H-3-pic]+HSO4−) as a new efficient ionic liquid catalyst
Authors: Nikoofar Kobra , Shahriyari Fatemeh
Published: July 2021

A simple, straightforward, and ultrasound-promoted method for the preparation of some highly functionalized tetrahydropyridines reported via pseudo five-component reaction of (hetero)aromatic aldehydes, different anilines, and alkyl acetoacetates in the presence of [N-CH2CO2H-3-pic]+HSO4−, as a novel ionic liquid, in green aqueous medium. The IL was synthesized utilizing simple and easily-handled substrates and characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, GC-MASS, FESEM, EDX, and TGA/DTG techniques. The procedure contains some highlighted aspects which are: (a) performing the MCR in the presence of aqua and sonic waves, as two main important and environmentally benign indexes in green and economic chemistry, (b) high yields of products within short reaction times, (c) convenient work-up procedure, (d) preparing the new IL via simple substrates and procedure.
Multi-objective optimization of heating system for rapid thermal cycling molding mold with internal induction heating
Authors: Xiao Cheng-Long , Kahve Cemi , Fu Chun-Ming
Published: July 2021

A rapid thermal cycling molding (RTCM) with novel internal induction heating mode is proposed in this work. The induction coils are directly inserted in the corresponding mounting holes of mold with an annular gap in between. During mold heating, eddy current losses confined at the walls of the mounting holes act as thermal sources to rapidly heat the mold cavity surface. Water passed through the annular gaps can be utilized to cool the mold in the cooling stage. Moreover, a design framework of the internal induction heating system in the RTCM mold is also developed. Firstly, a unit cell model of the mold was established to evaluate mold thermal response via numerical simulations, in which the effect of frequency and magnitude of coil current, the layout of induction coils and the annular gap size were examined. Then, a hybrid multi-objective optimization method was applied to optimize the induction heating system for the unit cell model. Finally, based on the obtained optimal parameters, a novel design strategy was adopted to conformally arrange the induction coils for the industrial RTCM molds. The blow mold of automotive spoiler was taken as an example to validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The results show that the present approach cannot only improve the mold thermal response performance, but also facilitate the mold heating system design process. This work may provide an effective method to realize RTCM of industrial plastics parts with free-form shape.
Effect of cobalt (nickel) oxide on the properties of zinc–titanium sorbents for high temperature desulphurization of model coal gas
Authors: Chomiak M. , Trawczyński J. , Zawadzki M.
Published: July 2021

Zn–Ti–Co(Ni) sorbents for H2S removal from model hot coal were prepared and characterized. Effects of cobalt (Co) and nickel (Ni) on the sorbents texture, structure, H2S sorption capacity and regeneration properties were determined. TiO2 formed mixed metal oxides with CoO and NiO in the fresh sorbents, while TiO2 and nanocrystalline sulfides of Zn, Co, Ni were found in sulphided ones. The oxidative regeneration of sulphided sorbents re-formed mixed oxides. Sorption capacity of studied materials increased along with an increase of the amount of added Co (Ni) and also with the number of work cycles. Co-doped Zn–Ti materials adsorbed up to 244% more sulfur than these of Zn–Ti, while Ni-doped materials adsorbed ca. twice more H2S than the corresponding Co-doped sorbents. The addition of Co (Ni) decreased the temperature of ZnS oxidation. The catalytic effect of the Co (Ni) oxides on the oxidation of ZnS was suggested.
The application of in silico experimental model in the assessment of ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin interaction with main SARS-CoV-2 targets: S-, E- and TMPRSS2 proteins, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and papain-like protease (PLpro)—preliminary molecular docking analysis
Authors: Marciniec Krzysztof , Beberok Artur , Boryczka Stanisław , Wrześniok Dorota
Published: July 2021

Background

The new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was identified at the end of 2019. Despite growing understanding of SARS-CoV-2 in virology as well as many molecular studies, except remdesivir, no specific anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug has been officially approved.

Methods

In the present study molecular docking technique was applied to test binding affinity of ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin—two commercially available fluoroquinolones, to SARS-CoV-2 S-, E- and TMPRSS2 proteins, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and papain-like protease (PLPRO). Chloroquine and dexamethasone were used as reference positive controls.

Results

When analyzing the molecular docking data it was noticed that ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin possess lower binding energy with S protein as compared to the references. In the case of TMPRSS2 protein and PLPROprotease the best docked ligand was levofloxacin and in the case of E proteins and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase the best docked ligands were levofloxacin and dexamethasone. Moreover, a molecular dynamics study also reveals that ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin form a stable complex with E- and TMPRSS2 proteins, RNA polymerase and papain-like protease (PLPRO).

Conclusions

The revealed data indicate that ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin could interact and potentially inhibit crucial SARS-CoV-2 proteins.
Evangelicals in the Latin American political arena: the cases of Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay
Authors: Sotelo María Victoria , Arocena Felipe
Published: July 2021

The advance of evangelical congregations in the Latin American religious scene is one of the most significant cultural transformations of the last decades. It is so because of the speed with which it has occurred, because of the important number of people involved and because of the depth with which it challenges the Catholic Church, one of the most emblematic institutions of the continent since the conquest. In this paper, we analyze one of the areas in which this religious revolution is manifesting itself in three different countries. We address the changing relationships between evangelicals and politics in Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay and prove that, despite the enormous differences among these three countries, there are clear similarities in the political agendas that evangelicals support. Nevertheless, we also show the different articulations that Evangelicals have carried out in the political arena in each case. The Evangelical churches in Brazil have advanced much more in this sense than in Argentina, with Uruguay being the intermediate situation. For this, we will base ourselves on a bibliographic review of research, in statistical data from the Latinobarometer, together with specific in-depth interviews.
There Is No Distinctively Semantic Circularity Objection to Humean Laws
Authors: Kovacs David Mark
Published: July 2021

Humeans identify the laws of nature with universal generalizations that systematize rather than govern the particular matters of fact. Humeanism is frequently accused of circularity: laws explain their instances, but Humean laws are, in turn, grounded by those instances. Unfortunately, this argument trades on controversial assumptions about grounding and explanation that Humeans routinely reject. However, recently an ostensibly semantic circularity objection has been offered, which seeks to avoid reading such assumptions into the Humean view. This paper argues that the new semantic version tacitly relies on the familiar metaphysical one and, therefore, it ultimately brings nothing new to the table.
The regularizing, analogical effect of metathesis in Modern Ch'ol (Mayan): The cases of 7ejk'ach ‘fingernail, claw’ and 7ik'oty ‘with, and’
Authors: Mora-Marín David F.
Published: July 2021

This article examines two instances of metathesis that have occurred in Ch'ol (Mayan) since the late 18th century. While at first, they may seem to be cases of irregular, sporadic change, a closer look at constraints involving ejective consonants within disyllabic and trisyllabic roots or stems suggests that these cases conform to a regular pattern within Ch'ol, and more generally, Mayan languages, in which reflexes of *q’ or *k’ are preferred in medial position in disyllabic roots with a medial glottalized consonant. The data support Hume's (2004) attestation assumption for metathesis, as well as Hock's (1985) structural motivation.
Threat or Corrective? Assessing the Impact of Populist Parties in Government on the Qualities of Democracy: A 19-Country Comparison
Authors: Vittori Davide
Published: July 2021

Scholars have long debated whether populism harms or improves the quality of democracy. This article contributes to this debate by focusing on the impact of populist parties in government. In particular, it inquires: (1) whether populists in government are more likely than non-populists to negatively affect the quality of democracies; (2) whether the role of populists in government matters; and (3) which type of populism is expected to negatively affect the quality of liberal-democratic regimes. The results find strong evidence that the role of populists in government affects several qualities of democracy. While robust, the findings related to (2) are less clear-cut than those pertaining to (1). Finally, regardless of their role in government, different types of populism have different impacts on the qualities of democracy. The results show that exclusionary populist parties in government tend to have more of a negative impact than other forms of populism.
Art, land reclamation and green governmentality in Indonesia: Teja Astawa'sDewa Murkaand Tita Salina's1001st Island — The Most Sustainable Island in Archipelago
Authors: Wittesaele Charlotte R.A.
Published: July 2021

The artworks1001st Island — The Most Sustainable Island in Archipelago(2015–16) by Tita Salina andDewa Murka(2016) by Teja Astawa are compared as a means to provide insight into ways artists have been interrogating recent urban discourse in Indonesian contemporary art. This article engages with the critical vocabulary proposed by urban historian Abidin Kusno, which analyses green discourse in the changing Indonesian urban landscapes of the post-Suharto era, and explores how these two artworks reflect Kusno's analysis. Salina's multi-media installation and Astawa's painting address two land reclamation projects in areas that have faced rapid urbanisation: Jakarta and Bali. The artworks evoke questions about tradition, spirituality, environmental sustainability and socioeconomic inequality. The artworks are formally and contextually analysed before being compared and evaluated in relation to Indonesian urban history and discourse. Both artists reflect Kusno's critical analysis of green discourse in Indonesia. Salina's work shares parallels with the tools applied by the government in Jakarta, as her artistic practice similarly requires communities to participate in its creation. Meanwhile, Astawa's work mostly reflects the narrative of green discourse. This conclusion invites further investigation into the Java-centrism of urban discourse and the varying ways in which green discourse may be taking place across the Indonesian archipelago.
Average-case complexity of the Euclidean algorithm with a fixed polynomial over a finite field
Authors: Giménez Nardo , Matera Guillermo , Pérez Mariana , Privitelli Melina
Published: July 2021

We analyse the behaviour of the Euclidean algorithm applied to pairs (g,f) of univariate nonconstant polynomials over a finite field
$\mathbb{F}_{q}$
of q elements when the highest degree polynomial g is fixed. Considering all the elements f of fixed degree, we establish asymptotically optimal bounds in terms of q for the number of elements f that are relatively prime with g and for the average degree of
$\gcd(g,f)$
. We also exhibit asymptotically optimal bounds for the average-case complexity of the Euclidean algorithm applied to pairs (g,f) as above.
Septin4 promotes cardiomyocytes apoptosis by enhancing the VHL-mediated degradation of HIF-1α
Authors: Wu Shaojun , Zhang Ying , You Shilong , Lu Saien , Zhang Naijin , Sun Yingxian
Published: July 2021

Septin4, a protein localized at mitochondrion, can promote cells apoptosis mainly by binding XIAP (X-linked inhibitors of apoptosis), however, nothing is known about the role and mechanism of Septin4 in cardiomyocytes apoptosis. Here in the current study, we report that HIF-1α (hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha) is a novel interacting protein with Septin4 at Septin4-GTPase domain. In addition, Septin4 enhances the binding between HIF-1α and the E3 ubiquitin ligase VHL (von Hippel-Lindau protein) to down-regulate HIF-1α, and by reducing cardio-protective factor HIF-1α levels, Septin4 aggravated the hypoxia-induced cardiomyocytes apoptosis. We believe these findings will be beneficial to provide effective strategies for clinical treatment of myocardial ischemia and the subsequent injury caused by myocardial hypoxia.
Central amygdala micro-circuits mediate fear extinction
Authors: Whittle Nigel , Fadok Jonathan , MacPherson Kathryn P. , Nguyen Robin , Botta Paolo , Wolff Steffen B. E. , Müller Christian , Herry Cyril , Tovote Philip , Holmes Andrew , Singewald Nicolas , Lüthi Andreas , Ciocchi Stéphane
Published: July 2021

Fear extinction is an adaptive process whereby defensive responses are attenuated following repeated experience of prior fear-related stimuli without harm. The formation of extinction memories involves interactions between various corticolimbic structures, resulting in reduced central amygdala (CEA) output. Recent studies show, however, the CEA is not merely an output relay of fear responses but contains multiple neuronal subpopulations that interact to calibrate levels of fear responding. Here, by integrating behavioural, in vivo electrophysiological, anatomical and optogenetic approaches in mice we demonstrate that fear extinction produces reversible, stimulus- and context-specific changes in neuronal responses to conditioned stimuli in functionally and genetically defined cell types in the lateral (CEl) and medial (CEm) CEA. Moreover, we show these alterations are absent when extinction is deficient and that selective silencing of protein kinase C delta-expressing (PKCδ) CEl neurons impairs fear extinction. Our findings identify CEA inhibitory microcircuits that act as critical elements within the brain networks mediating fear extinction.
A membrane-free flow electrolyzer operating at high current density using earth-abundant catalysts for water splitting
Authors: Yan Xiaoyu , Biemolt Jasper , Zhao Kai , Zhao Yang , Cao Xiaojuan , Yang Ying , Wu Xiaoyu , Rothenberg Gadi , Yan Ning
Published: July 2021

Electrochemical water splitting is one of the most sustainable approaches for generating hydrogen. Because of the inherent constraints associated with the architecture and materials, the conventional alkaline water electrolyzer and the emerging proton exchange membrane electrolyzer are suffering from low efficiency and high materials/operation costs, respectively. Herein, we design a membrane-free flow electrolyzer, featuring a sandwich-like architecture and a cyclic operation mode, for decoupled overall water splitting. Comprised of two physically-separated compartments with flowing H2-rich catholyte and O2-rich anolyte, the cell delivers H2 with a purity >99.1%. Its low internal ohmic resistance, highly active yet affordable bifunctional catalysts and efficient mass transport enable the water splitting at current density of 750 mA cm−2 biased at 2.1 V. The eletrolyzer works equally well both in deionized water and in regular tap water. This work demonstrates the opportunity of combining the advantages of different electrolyzer concepts for water splitting via cell architecture and materials design, opening pathways for sustainable hydrogen generation.
Artificial nighttime lighting impacts visual ecology links between flowers, pollinators and predators
Authors: Briolat Emmanuelle S. , Gaston Kevin J. , Bennie Jonathan , Rosenfeld Emma J. , Troscianko Jolyon
Published: July 2021

The nighttime environment is being altered rapidly over large areas worldwide through introduction of artificial lighting, from streetlights and other sources. This is predicted to impact the visual ecology of many organisms, affecting both their intra- and interspecific interactions. Here, we show the effects of different artificial light sources on multiple aspects of hawkmoth visual ecology, including their perception of floral signals for pollination, the potential for intraspecific sexual signalling, and the effectiveness of their visual defences against avian predators. Light sources fall into three broad categories: some that prevent use of chromatic signals for these behaviours, others that more closely mimic natural lighting conditions, and, finally, types whose effects vary with light intensity and signal colour. We find that Phosphor Converted (PC) amber LED lighting – often suggested to be less harmful to nocturnal insects – falls into this third disruptive group, with unpredictable consequences for insect visual ecology depending on distance from the light source and the colour of the objects viewed. The diversity of impacts of artificial lighting on hawkmoth visual ecology alone argues for a nuanced approach to outdoor lighting in environmentally sensitive areas, employing intensities and spectra designed to limit those effects of most significant concern.
Lactate sensing mechanisms in arterial chemoreceptor cells
Authors: Torres-Torrelo Hortensia , Ortega-Sáenz Patricia , Gao Lin , López-Barneo José
Published: July 2021

Classically considered a by-product of anaerobic metabolism, lactate is now viewed as a fundamental fuel for oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria, and preferred over glucose by many tissues. Lactate is also a signaling molecule of increasing medical relevance. Lactate levels in the blood can increase in both normal and pathophysiological conditions (e.g., hypoxia, physical exercise, or sepsis), however the manner by which these changes are sensed and induce adaptive responses is unknown. Here we show that the carotid body (CB) is essential for lactate homeostasis and that CB glomus cells, the main oxygen sensing arterial chemoreceptors, are also lactate sensors. Lactate is transported into glomus cells, leading to a rapid increase in the cytosolic NADH/NAD+ ratio. This in turn activates membrane cation channels, leading to cell depolarization, action potential firing, and Ca2+ influx. Lactate also decreases intracellular pH and increases mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production, which further activates glomus cells. Lactate and hypoxia, although sensed by separate mechanisms, share the same final signaling pathway and jointly activate glomus cells to potentiate compensatory cardiorespiratory reflexes.
Veillonellaceae family members uniquely alter the cervical metabolic microenvironment in a human three-dimensional epithelial model
Authors: Salliss Mary E. , Maarsingh Jason D. , Garza Camryn , Łaniewski Paweł , Herbst-Kralovetz Melissa M.
Published: July 2021

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a gynecologic disorder characterized by a shift in cervicovaginal microbiota from Lactobacillus spp. dominance to a polymicrobial biofilm composed of diverse anaerobes. We utilized a well-characterized human three-dimensional cervical epithelial cell model in conjunction with untargeted metabolomics and immunoproteomics analyses to determine the immunometabolic contribution of three members of the Veillonellaceae family: Veillonella atypica, Veillonella montpellierensis and Megasphaera micronuciformis at this site. We found that Veillonella spp. infections induced significant elevation of polyamines. M. micronuciformis infections significantly increased soluble inflammatory mediators, induced moderate levels of cell cytotoxicity, and accumulation of cell membrane lipids relative to Veillonella spp. Notably, both V. atypica and V. montpellierensis infections resulted in consumption of lactate, a key metabolite linked to gynecologic and reproductive health. Collectively our approach and data provide unique insights into the specific contributions of Veillonellaceae members to the pathogenesis of BV and women’s health.
Effects of context on the neural correlates of attention in a college classroom
Authors: Grammer Jennie K. , Xu Keye , Lenartowicz Agatha
Published: July 2021

Activities that are effective in supporting attention have the potential to increase opportunities for student learning. However, little is known about the impact of instructional contexts on student attention, in part due to limitations in our ability to measure attention in the classroom, typically based on behavioral observation and self-reports. To address this issue, we used portable electroencephalography (EEG) measurements of neural oscillations to evaluate the effects of learning context on student attention. The results suggest that attention, as indexed by lower alpha power as well as higher beta and gamma power, is stronger during student-initiated activities than teacher-initiated activities. EEG data revealed different patterns in student attention as compared to standardized coding of attentional behaviors. We conclude that EEG signals offer a powerful tool for understanding differences in student cognitive states as a function of classroom instruction that are unobservable from behavior alone.
Effect of glycerol plasticizer loading on the physical, mechanical, thermal, and barrier properties of arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea) starch biopolymers
Authors: Tarique J. , Sapuan S. M. , Khalina A.
Published: July 2021

This research was set out to explore the development of arrowroot starch (AS) films using glycerol (G) as plasticizer at the ratio of 15, 30, and 45% (w/w, starch basis) using solution casting technique. The developed films were analyzed in terms of physical, structural, mechanical, thermal, environmental, and barrier properties. The incorporation of glycerol to AS film-making solution reduced the brittleness and fragility of films. An increment in glycerol concentration caused an increment in film thickness, moisture content, and solubility in water, whereas density and water absorption were reduced. The tensile strength and modulus of G-plasticized AS films were reduced significantly from 9.34 to 1.95 MPa and 620.79 to 36.08 MPa, respectively, while elongation at break was enhanced from 2.41 to 57.33%. FTIR analysis revealed that intermolecular hydrogen bonding occurred between glycerol and AS in plasticized films compared to control films. The G-plasticized films showed higher thermal stability than control films. The cross-sectional micrographs revealed that the films containing 45% glycerol concentration had higher homogeneity than 15% and 30%. Water vapour permeability of plasticized films increased by an increase in glycerol concentrations. The findings of this research provide insights into the development of bio-degradable food packaging.
Comparative analysis of the social vulnerability assessment to climate change applied to fisheries from Spain and Turkey
Authors: Gómez Murciano Mauro , Liu Yajie , Ünal Vahdet , Sánchez LIzaso José Luis
Published: July 2021

The aim of this study is to assess the climate effects on fisheries from a bottom-up approach based on fishers’ fishing experience, knowledge, and perceptions. To perform this task, a social vulnerability assessment was conducted in two different fishing areas: one in Spain and the other one in Turkey. The vulnerability was measured using the collected data and information through a structured questionnaire, and surveys were carried out among fishers in the Castelló (Spain) and the Aegean Sea (Turkey) between 2018 and 2019. Overall, the results indicated that the two studied regions have a moderate to high vulnerability and that the Aegean Sea was slightly more vulnerable than Castelló. It was also found that storms and temperature are the main climatic stressors that affect the fishing sector, and the economic indicators such as revenue from fishing in both regions showed high degrees of sensitivity. To reduce the vulnerability to climate change, adaptive measures should be implemented while taking into consideration the specific socio-economic and institutional characteristics of each region. In conclusion, the effects of climate change on the fishing sector and their social vulnerability are diverse. Consequently, there is no single climate measure that can minimize the vulnerability of fishing sectors in different regions.
Serum lipid profile in HCV patients treated with direct-acting antivirals: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Villani Rosanna , Di Cosimo Francesca , Romano Antonino Davide , Sangineto Moris , Serviddio Gaetano
Published: July 2021

Although direct-acting antivirals are very effective and safe drugs, several authors have reported the alteration of lipid profile during and after anti-HCV therapy suggesting a potential impact on the risk of cardiovascular events. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies to investigate the magnitude and temporal trend of lipid profile changes in DAA treated patients. All selected studies included data on lipid profile before starting therapy and at least one follow-up assessment during or after antiviral treatment. We identified 14 studies (N = 1537 patients) after removing duplicates. Pooled data showed an increase in total cholesterol 4 weeks after starting therapy (+ 15.86 mg/dl; 95% CI + 9.68 to 22.05; p < 0.001) and 12 weeks after treatment completion (+ 17.05 mg/dl; 95% CI + 11.24 to 22.85; p < 0.001). LDL trend was similar to the total cholesterol change in overall analysis. A mean increase in HDL-cholesterol of 3.36 mg/dl (95% CI + 0.92 to 5.79; p = 0.07) was observed after 12 weeks of treatment, whereas at SVR24 HDL difference was + 4.34 mg/dl (95% CI + 1.40 to 7.28; p = 0.004).Triglycerides did not show significant changes during treatment and after treatment completion. DAAs induce mild lipid changes in chronic hepatitis C patients treated with DAAs, which may persist after treatment completion.
Adaptive brain activity changes during tongue movement with palatal coverage from fMRI data
Authors: Inamochi Yuka , Fueki Kenji , Usui Nobuo , Taira Masato , Wakabayashi Noriyuki
Published: July 2021

Successful adaptation to wearing dentures with palatal coverage may be associated with cortical activity changes related to tongue motor control. The purpose was to investigate the brain activity changes during tongue movement in response to a new oral environment. Twenty-eight fully dentate subjects (mean age: 28.6-years-old) who had no experience with removable dentures wore experimental palatal plates for 7 days. We measured tongue motor dexterity, difficulty with tongue movement, and brain activity using functional magnetic resonance imaging during tongue movement at pre-insertion (Day 0), as well as immediately (Day 1), 3 days (Day 3), and 7 days (Day 7) post-insertion. Difficulty with tongue movement was significantly higher on Day 1 than on Days 0, 3, and 7. In the subtraction analysis of brain activity across each day, activations in the angular gyrus and right precuneus on Day 1 were significantly higher than on Day 7. Tongue motor impairment induced activation of the angular gyrus, which was associated with monitoring of the tongue’s spatial information, as well as the activation of the precuneus, which was associated with constructing the tongue motor imagery. As the tongue regained the smoothness in its motor functions, the activation of the angular gyrus and precuneus decreased.
A multicolor and ratiometric fluorescent sensing platform for metal ions based on arene–metal-ion contact
Authors: Kanegae Anna , Takata Yusuke , Takashima Ippei , Uchinomiya Shohei , Kawagoe Ryosuke , Usui Kazuteru , Yamashita Akira , Wongkongkatep Jirarut , Sugimoto Manabu , Ojida Akio
Published: July 2021

Despite continuous and active development of fluorescent metal-ion probes, their molecular design for ratiometric detection is restricted by the limited choice of available sensing mechanisms. Here we present a multicolor and ratiometric fluorescent sensing platform for metal ions based on the interaction between the metal ion and the aromatic ring of a fluorophore (arene–metal-ion, AM, coordination). Our molecular design provided the probes possessing a 1,9-bis(2′-pyridyl)-2,5,8-triazanonane as a flexible metal ion binding unit attached to a tricyclic fluorophore. This architecture allows to sense various metal ions, such as Zn(II), Cu(II), Cd(II), Ag(I), and Hg(II) with emission red-shifts. We showed that this probe design is applicable to a series of tricyclic fluorophores, which allow ratiometric detection of the metal ions from the blue to the near-infrared wavelengths. X-ray crystallography and theoretical calculations indicate that the coordinated metal ion has van der Waals contact with the fluorophore, perturbing the dye’s electronic structure and ring conformation to induce the emission red-shift. A set of the probes was useful for the differential sensing of eight metal ions in a one-pot single titration via principal component analysis. We also demonstrate that a xanthene fluorophore is applicable to the ratiometric imaging of metal ions under live-cell conditions.
Skilful prediction of cod stocks in the North and Barents Sea a decade in advance
Authors: Koul Vimal , Sguotti Camilla , Årthun Marius , Brune Sebastian , Düsterhus André , Bogstad Bjarte , Ottersen Geir , Baehr Johanna , Schrum Corinna
Published: July 2021

Reliable information about the future state of the ocean and fish stocks is necessary for informed decision-making by fisheries scientists, managers and the industry. However, decadal regional ocean climate and fish stock predictions have until now had low forecast skill. Here, we provide skilful forecasts of the biomass of cod stocks in the North and Barents Seas a decade in advance. We develop a unified dynamical-statistical prediction system wherein statistical models link future stock biomass to dynamical predictions of sea surface temperature, while also considering different fishing mortalities. Our retrospective forecasts provide estimates of past performance of our models and they suggest differences in the source of prediction skill between the two cod stocks. We forecast the continuation of unfavorable oceanic conditions for the North Sea cod in the coming decade, which would inhibit its recovery at present fishing levels, and a decrease in Northeast Arctic cod stock compared to the recent high levels.
Association between dietary fatty acid patterns based on principal component analysis and fatty acid compositions of serum and breast milk in lactating mothers in Nanjing, China
Authors: Ding Ye , Yang Yue , Xu Fangping , Ye Mei , Hu Ping , Jiang Wei , Li Fang , Fu Youjuan , Xie Zhencheng , Zhu Yunhua , Lu Xiaolong , Liu Ying , Wang Zhixu
Published: July 2021

This study aimed to comprehensively analyze dietary fatty acids (FAs) to evaluate their association with FA compositions of maternal serum and breast milk and assess their effects on mothers and infants.
Correction: Spontaneous mirror symmetry breaking: an entropy production survey of the racemate instability and the emergence of stable scalemic stationary states
Authors: Ribó Josep M. , Hochberg David
Published: July 2021

Correction for ‘Spontaneous mirror symmetry breaking: an entropy production survey of the racemate instability and the emergence of stable scalemic stationary states’ by Josep M. Ribó et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2020, 22, 14013–14025, DOI: 10.1039/D0CP02280B.
Reaction pathways and deactivation mechanisms of isostructural Cr and Fe MIL-101 during liquid-phase styrene oxidation by hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Yang Rachel A. , Sarazen Michele L.
Published: July 2021

Isostructural MIL-101(Cr, Fe) is investigated as a modular platform to quantify differences in reactivity, selectivity, and deactivation as functions of intrinsic material properties for styrene oxidation by hydrogen peroxide at mild conditions.
Boosting the photocatalytic degradation of ethyl acetate by a Z-scheme Au–TiO2@NH2-UiO-66 heterojunction with ultrafine Au as an electron mediator
Authors: Liu Hongli , Chang Xiaoyi , Liu Xiaoxun , Li Guiying , Zhang Weiping , An Taicheng
Published: July 2021

A Z-scheme Au–TiO2@NH2-UiO-66 photocatalyst with ultrafine Au as electron mediator was synthesized, which exhibited an exceptionally high mineralization efficiency of 85% at 94.6% ethyl acetate removal under visible light irradiation.
Unveiling the abnormal effect of temperature on enantioselectivity in the palladium-mediated decabonylative alkylation of MBH acetate
Authors: Zheng Xian-Zhou , Chen Kai , Xiao Jun-An , Li Jun , Wang Sha-Sha , Zhao Qing-Lan , Xiang Hao-Yue , Chen Xiao-Qing , Yang Hua
Published: July 2021

An unusual temperature–enantioselectivity relationship was observed in the newly developed palladium-catalysed enantioselective nucleophilic substitution of cyclic Morita–Baylis–Hillman acetate and 4,4,4-trifluoro-1-phenyl-1,3-butanedione.
Umpolung of donor–acceptor cyclopropanesviaN-heterocyclic carbene organic catalysis
Authors: Nie Guihua , Huang Xuan , Wang Zhongyao , Pan Dingwu , Zhang Junmin , Chi Yonggui Robin
Published: July 2021

A carbene-catalyzed formal umpolung of donor–acceptor (D–A) cyclopropanes is disclosed with chiral spirocyclic lactones bearing multiple functional groups afforded with excellent enantio- and diastereoselectivities.
Copper-mediated [3 + 2] cycloaddition of trifluoroacetimidoyl chlorides and N-isocyanoiminotriphenylphosphorane for the synthesis of 3-trifluoromethyl-1,2,4-triazoles
Authors: Yang Hefei , Lu Shu-Ning , Song Yufei , Chen Zhengkai , Wu Xiao-Feng
Published: July 2021

Herein, a facile and straightforward route to synthesize 3-trifluoromethyl-1,2,4-triazoles via copper-mediated [3 + 2] cycloaddition of trifluoroacetimidoyl chlorides and N-isocyanoiminotriphenylphosphorane (NIITP) has been described.
Electrical characteristics of gated‐anode diodes based on normally‐off GaN HEMT structures for rectenna applications
Authors: Takahashi Hidemasa , Ando Yuji , Tsuchiya Yoichi , Wakejima Akio , Hayashi Hiroaki , Yagyu Eiji , Kikkawa Koichi , Sakai Naoki , Itoh Kenji , Suda Jun
Published: July 2021

Here, a gated‐anode diode (GAD) is proposed where an anode electrode is formed by connecting a gate electrode and an ohmic electrode of a normally‐off GaN HEMT for a 5.8 GHz rectenna. A wide recessed gate GaN GADs were prepared and the recess length dependence of their electrical characteristics was investigated. Typical DC characteristics of the HEMTs are a threshold voltage (Vth) of +0.3 V and a maximum drain current (Imax) of 300 mA/mm. The GADs showed the characteristics of maximum forward current (If) of 350 mA/mm, reverse breakdown voltage (BVr) of 40 V, and off‐state capacitance (Coff) of 0.28 pF/mm by using optimized recess length. We constructed SPICE model of the GADs. The SPICE simulation predicted a rectifier efficiency of 81% and a DC output power of 10 W for bridge type 5.8 GHz rectifier using four GADs with each gate width of 0.8 mm.
Terminal characteristics measurements and analysis of the three‐phase Active Front‐End converter building block
Authors: Petković Marko , Dujić Dražen
Published: July 2021

The safe and reliable operation of a modern power system imposes the need to describe and estimate the system stability through impedance‐admittance measurement and identification. The integration and operation of medium voltage equipment in existing infrastructure requires impedance‐admittance measurement devices which are currently few in number and often limited in output voltage level and output bandwidth. The four‐quadrant Cascaded H‐Bridge (CHB) topology, featuring a three‐phase Active Front‐End (AFE) and a single‐phase H‐Bridge inverter presents itself as a potential solution to this problem. To support the development of the CHB topology the AFE hardware and control platforms require implementation and testing. The testing aspect of the process additionally includes the measurement of terminal characteristics such as the input admittance and the output impedance. The complexity of the CHB converter and its increased number of power electronics building blocks requires the use of industrial control platforms. This work defines the hardware implementation and control principle of the three‐phase AFE of a CHB converter as well as the system for measuring its terminal characteristics. The results obtained show that the proposed system can be successfully used to measure the input admittance and output impedance of the AFE upon which the development of the CHB is based.