bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Benefits for Child Care Workers: How the State Could Help through a Medicaid Waiver
Authors: McDougald Scott Amanda
Published: July 2021

Child care is expensive, and many parents struggle to afford care; furthermore, even though child care costs are high, child care providers in the United States (US) are not making a living wage. Child care professionals (ages 0-5 in child care homes or centers) earn less income than Kindergarten teachers, pre-K teachers, non-farm animal caretakers, and the US estimate of all workers’ annual median salary (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2020a, 2020b). Workers in comparable professions are also usually offered benefits for their labor, which child care professionals are not (Kwon, 2019; National Survey of Early Care and Education Project Team, 2020; Otten et al., 2019; Whitebook, McLean, Austin, & Edwards, 2018).  This often necessitates use of public assistance.  Because many child care workers are not provided access to health insurance or other health-related benefits through their employers, they must seek access to health care in other ways.  Additionally, turnover rates among child care workers are high, and wages and benefits are a large part of the reason why child care professionals leave their jobs (McDougald Scott, 2021a). This policy analysis (a) reviewed the current struggle (as of May 2021) that child care workers in the United States (in general) and South Carolina (in particular) experience compared with employees in other fields; and (b) explore options (particularly a Medicaid waiver option) that might improve the situation.  South Carolina (SC) is one of the 13 states that have not expanded Medicaid; most of the 13 states are in Southern United States (US) region, which makes an extrapolation of SC research reasonable.  Lessons learned from SC childcare data should reflect closely what may be found in other non-expansion states, but research from the literature review will not be SC-specific. Relevant peer-reviewed, government documents, state and national data, and grey literature were reviewed and analyzed. There have been ongoing efforts (although insufficient even in more successful efforts) with mixed results to improve the pay for child care workers for decades.  Progress for earning a living wage will require a systems overhaul for early education, but child care providers cannot wait for workforce environmental improvements.  Action must be taken now to augment the shortage of healthcare access for child care providers.  In SC, Medicaid helps some child care workers receive access to health care, but expansion through Medicaid waiver 1115 would include many more child care workers who do not currently have access.
The (Un)Making of a Worker Poet: The Case of Md Mukul Hossine and Migrant Worker Writings in Singapore
Authors: Luka Lei Zhang
Published: July 2021

This article discusses the migrant worker poet Md Mukul Hossine. Showing Mukul as the representative migrant worker poet also severely restricted and complicated his process of ‘becoming’ a poet. From a Marxist standpoint, the Singaporean literati’s dismissal of Mukul reveals the predicament of being a working-class writer in today’s neoliberal market. The particular bourgeoise ‘production mode’ of working-class literature in Singapore first ‘made’, then ‘consumed’ and ultimately ‘condemned’ Mukul. First, I examine the publication process of Mukul’s poetry and its success followed by a series of problems. In the second section, I offer a close reading of Mukul’s poems understanding Mukul’s poetics and struggles as a migrant worker poet as his poetry is seldom examined in  literary criticism. Finally, I argue that the representation of migrant workers writers such as Mukul is problematic due to the nature of the whole system: how they are empowered in such a context equally does harm to them. This mode again reproduces the systematic structure of power hegemony and social inequality through the field of literature.
The Failure of Lifestyle Environmentalism and the Promise of the Green New Deal for Working-Class People
Authors: Bell Karen , Bevan Gnisha
Published: July 2021

There is an urgent need to address a range of environmental issues, including climate change, but the policies enacted to date have usually done nothing to address class inequities and have often led to increased working-class disadvantage. The causes of the climate and other environmental crises have often been located in problematic individual lifestyles, with little recognition of the time, economic and health constraints that make it difficult for working-class people to adopt green lifestyles. The Green New Deal (GND) presented an alternative policy paradigm that argued for environmental policies that, rather than increasing the pressure on disadvantaged groups, would have co-benefits for working-class people, low-income groups and communities of colour. However, the policy did not lead to electoral success for the political leaders that proposed it, in the United States (US) and the United Kingdom (UK), due to opposition representations of it as costly and threatening to working-class jobs. We interviewed 40 working-class people in the UK to find out how much they knew about the Green New Deal, what they thought about it as an environmental policy and how they felt about environmentalism, more generally. Our research indicates that there was a general lack of knowledge about GND, but great enthusiasm about it once explained, albeit with reservations about its implementation and limitations. The GND has huge potential to benefit the lives of working-class people but, we conclude, more, and better, outreach is needed for people to understand its potential to improve their lives.
Reactions of MoCl5 and MoO2Cl2 with Succinimide, 1, 4-Diaminobutane, 3-Methylpyridine, 1, 3-Diaminopropane, Pyrazole and 1- Methylpyrrolidine in Tetrahydrofuran
Authors: Kumar Rakesh , Singh Gursharan
Published: July 2021

It has been reported that molybdenum may extract oxygen from oxygen containing ligands. Oxo complexes of above bases with transition metals show numerous applications and are biologically active. So to study the biological activity of molybdenum complexes and to study oxo abstraction reactions by molybdenum, reactions of succinimide/1, 4-diaminobutane/3-methylpyridine/1, 3-diaminopropane/pyrazole/1-methylpyrrolidine with MoCl5/MoO2Cl2 have been carried out, in THF medium using equimolar/bimolar quantities of the ligand, at normal temperature. The products thus obtained are: Mo2O3Cl5(C4H5NO2)2(C4H8O)2, [1]; Mo2O2Cl2(C4H5NO2)2(C4H8O)2, [2]; MoO2Cl2(H2NCH2CH2CH2CH2NH2)2, [3]; Mo3Cl8(C6H7N)4(C4H8O)2, [4]; Mo3Cl6(C6H7N)6(C4H8O)6, [5]; MoO2Cl3(H2NCH2CH2CH2NH2)2, [6]; Mo2O4Cl4(C3H4N2)4, [7] and Mo2O6Cl8(C5H11N)4, [8]. There is oxygen abstraction by molybdenum during the reaction from the oxygen containing solvent THF. Formulations of these compounds were made and their properties were studied with FTIR(transmission mode), 1H NMR/13C NMR, microbiological studies, elemental analysis(Mo, Cl, C, H, N) and LC-MS. All preparations, separations and isolations were executed in vacuum line and inert atmosphere (dry nitrogen) to eliminate any oxidation/hydrolysis of products by air/moisture. The formulations proposed have been supported by the above characterization studies.
Determination of Caffeine in Beverages Found in Bangladeshi Market by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)
Authors: Anwarul Hasan G. M. M. , Das Anuj Kumer
Published: July 2021

Caffeine, a phycostimulant is present in several foods and drinks.In the present study, beverages of different brands in Bangladeshi market were analyzed for caffeine by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using methanol-water (40:60, v/v) as mobile phase. Caffeine content ranged from 16.33 -19.33 mg/can in soft drinks and 45.66-47.33 mg/can in energy drinks respectively. These data indicated that the levels of caffeine in Bangladeshi soft drinks and energy drinks are within the ranges reported from similar products in other countries.
Cost Effective Purification of Tannery Waste Water Using Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Arputharaj A. , Anbarasu P.
Published: July 2021

The nanotechnology has reached a greater extent of the research and now it is considered as the best source of alternative in the present world. Nowadays, the contaminants present in the water should be very difficult to remove and it leads to several health issues. It is the primary requisite to know about the different physico-chemical parameters to check the quality of water. Currently, the nanotechnology has been the emerging technology and the green synthesis is acclimating to eco-friendly, non-toxic and this method reduces the pollution. This biological approach is undertaken to diminish toxicity and to reduce pollution. In these current studies, the silver nanoparticles can be synthesized from chrysopogan zizanioides root extract. The synthesised silver nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis, TEM, physical and chemical parameters of water quality. The synthesised silver nanoparticles were used to reduce the chemical effluents. The outcome of the synthesis silver nanoparticles is using the vital route of wastewater treatment and also effectively reduces the water contaminations.
Nutrients Analysis of Greenhouse Soil Nursed with the Organic Fertilizers
Authors: Mustafa Syed Khalid , Aljohani Meshari M.H.
Published: July 2021

The present work based on soil nutrients analysis of covered and uncovered fields nursed with organic fertilizer and cultivated with various crops. Collected the soil from three deep bottoms (5 cm, 15 cm, and 30 cm), mixed, and prepared five different samples. Calculated the pH value, electrical conductivity, and the percentage of nitrogen, phosphorus, Potassium, the humus of the collected soil samples and documented all the parameters. The results showed that the soil has moderately high pH values (7.9 in the greenhouse and 7.5 in the uncovered area), the E.C of
greenhouse (4.1dS/m) is slightly lower than the uncovered area (4.8dS/m), nitrogen (6.3% than in the uncovered field 4.7%), relatively high concentration of phosphorus (5.16 mg/100g in the greenhouse uncovered field 4.67 mg/g), relatively high potassium values (39.04mg/100g in the greenhouse and 36.30 mg/g in the uncovered area) and high values of humus (12.7 % in the greenhouse and 9.1 % in the uncovered area). Concluded that the soil is saturated in the greenhouse with phosphorus and Potassium, no need to further fertilizations in the forthcoming years, and thegreenhouse is better for crop cultivation.
Colorimetric Detection of Hg(II) Sensor Based on Mos2 Nanosheets Acting as Peroxidase Mimics
Authors: Kavitha S. , Kala S. Mary Jelastin , Christus A. Anand Babu
Published: July 2021

This paper presents colorimetric determination of Hg(II) based on MoS2 nanosheets with peroxidase mimics activity. The structure of the this sensor by the peroxidase mimic activity material of MoS2 nanosheets with TMB (Tetramethylbenzidine) solution, the colorimetric detection target of Hg(II) is determined by on-off mechanism using biomolecule of cysteine. The MoS2 nanosheets evaluated by X-ray diffraction, FT-IR and SEM image, confirms formation of a flower like structure. Our results shows that a simple colorimetric detection using peroxidase mimic mechanism can be used to MoS2 nanosheets and determine the Hg(II) in aqueous solution with high sensitivity (10 nM) comparable to those of other nanomaterials. The result suggests that MoS2 nanosheets is a promising new and simple colorimetric sensor for applications in environmental and biological applications.
Selected Vancouver B2 periprosthetic femoral fractures around cemented polished femoral components can be safely treated with osteosynthesis
Authors: Slullitel Pablo A. , Garcia-Barreiro Gonzalo G. , Oñativia José I. , Zanotti Gerardo , Comba Fernando , Piccaluga Francisco , Buttaro Martin A.
Published: July 2021

Aims

We aimed to compare the implant survival, complications, readmissions, and mortality of Vancouver B2 periprosthetic femoral fractures (PFFs) treated with internal fixation with that of B1 PFFs treated with internal fixation and B2 fractures treated with revision arthroplasty.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the data of 112 PFFs, of which 47 (42%) B1 and 27 (24%) B2 PFFs were treated with internal fixation, whereas 38 (34%) B2 fractures underwent revision arthroplasty. Decision to perform internal fixation for B2 PFFs was based on specific radiological (polished femoral components, intact bone-cement interface) and clinical criteria (low-demand patient). Median follow-up was 36.4 months (24 to 60). Implant survival and mortality over time were estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method. Adverse events (measured with a modified Dindo-Clavien classification) and 90-day readmissions were additionally compared between groups.

Results

In all, nine (8.01%) surgical failures were detected. All failures occurred within the first 24 months following surgery. The 24-month implant survival was 95.4% (95% confidence interval (CI) 89.13 to 100) for B1 fractures treated with internal fixation, 90% (95% CI 76.86 to 100) for B2 PFFs treated with osteosynthesis-only, and 85.8% (95% CI 74.24 to 97.36) for B2 fractures treated with revision THA, without significant differences between groups (p = 0.296). Readmissions and major adverse events including mortality were overall high, but similar between groups (p > 0.05). The two-year patient survival rate was 87.1% (95% CI 77.49 to 95.76), 66.7% (95% CI 48.86 to 84.53), and 84.2% (95% CI 72.63 to 95.76), for the B1 group, B2 osteosynthesis group, and B2 revision group, respectively (p = 0.102).

Conclusion

Implant survival in Vancouver B2 PFFs treated with internal fixation was similar to that of B1 fractures treated with the same method and to B2 PFFs treated with revision arthroplasty. Low-demand, elderly patients with B2 fractures around well-cemented polished femoral components with an intact bone-cement interface can be safely treated with internal fixation. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(7):1222–1230.
Acute distal biceps tendon repair using cortical button fixation results in excellent short- and long-term outcomes
Authors: Carter Thomas H. , Karunaratne Bevin J. , Oliver William M. , Murray Iain R. , White Timothy O. , Reid Jeffrey T. , Duckworth Andrew D.
Published: July 2021

Aims

Acute distal biceps tendon repair reduces fatigue-related pain and minimizes loss of supination of the forearm and strength of flexion of the elbow. We report the short- and long-term outcome following repair using fixation with a cortical button techqniue.

Methods

Between October 2010 and July 2018, 102 patients with a mean age of 43 years (19 to 67), including 101 males, underwent distal biceps tendon repair less than six weeks after the injury, using cortical button fixation. The primary short-term outcome measure was the rate of complications. The primary long-term outcome measure was the abbreviated Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH) score. Secondary outcomes included the Oxford Elbow Score (OES), EuroQol five-dimension three-level score (EQ-5D-3L), satisfaction, and return to function.

Results

Eight patients (7.8%) had a major complication and 34 (33.3%) had a minor complication. Major complications included re-rupture (n = 3; 2.9%), unrecovered nerve injury (n = 4; 3.9%), and surgery for heterotopic ossification (n = 1; 1.0%). Three patients (2.9%) overall required further surgery for a complication. Minor complications included neurapraxia (n = 27; 26.5%) and superficial infection (n = 7; 6.9%). A total of 33 nerve injuries occurred in 31 patients (30.4%). At a mean follow-up of five years (1 to 9.8) outcomes were available for 86 patients (84.3%). The median QuickDASH, OES, EQ-5D-3L, and satisfaction scores were 1.2 (IQR 0 to 5.1), 48 (IQR 46 to 48), 0.80 (IQR 0.72 to 1.0), and 100/100 (IQR 90 to 100), respectively. Most patients were able to return to work (81/83, 97.6%) and sport (51/62,82.3%). Unrecovered nerve injury was associated with an inferior outcome according to the QuickDASH (p = 0.005), OES (p = 0.004), EQ-5D-3L (p = 0.010), and satisfaction (p = 0.024). Multiple linear regression analysis identified an unrecovered nerve injury to be strongly associated with an inferior outcome according to the QuickDASH score (p < 0.001), along with infection (p < 0.001), although re-rupture (p = 0.440) and further surgery (p = 0.652) were not.

Conclusion

Acute distal biceps tendon repair using cortical button fixation was found to result in excellent patient-reported outcomes and health-related quality of life. Although rare, unrecovered nerve injury adversely affects outcome. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(7):1284–1291.
Oral tranexamic acid for an additional 24 hours postoperatively versus a single preoperative intravenous dose for reducing blood loss in total hip arthroplasty: results of a randomized controlled trial (TRAC-24)
Authors: Magill Paul , Hill J. C. , Bryce Leeann , Martin Una , Dorman Al , Hogg Rosemary , Campbell Christina , Gardner Evie , McFarland Margaret , Bell Jennifer , Benson Gary , Beverland David
Published: July 2021

Aims

A typical pattern of blood loss associated with total hip arthroplasty (THA) is 200 ml intraoperatively and 1.3 l in the first 48 postoperative hours. Tranexamic acid (TXA) is most commonly given as a single preoperative dose only and is often withheld from patients with a history of thromboembolic disease as they are perceived to be “high-risk” with respect to postoperative venous thromboembolism (VTE). The TRanexamic ACid for 24 hours trial (TRAC-24) aimed to identify if an additional 24-hour postoperative TXA regime could further reduce blood loss beyond a once-only dose at the time of surgery, without excluding these high-risk patients.

Methods

TRAC-24 was a prospective, phase IV, single centre, open label, parallel group, randomized controlled trial (RCT) involving patients undergoing primary unilateral elective THA. The primary outcome measure was the indirect calculated blood loss (IBL) at 48 hours. The patients were randomized into three groups. Group 1 received 1 g intravenous (IV) TXA at the time of surgery and an additional oral regime for 24 hours postoperatively, group 2 only received the intraoperative dose, and group 3 did not receive any TXA.

Results

A total of 534 patients were randomized, with 233 in group 1, 235 in group 2, and 66 in group 3; 92 patients (17.2%) were considered high-risk. The mean IBL did not differ significantly between the two intervention groups (848.4 ml (SD 463.8) for group 1, and 843.7 ml (SD 478.7) for group 2; mean difference -4.7 ml (95% confidence interval -82.9 to 92.3); p = 0.916). No differences in mortality or incidence of VTE were observed between any group.

Conclusion

The addition of oral TXA for 24 hours postoperatively does not reduce blood loss beyond that achieved with a single 1 g IV perioperative dose alone. There may be a clinically relevant difference in patients with a normal BMI, which warrants further investigation. Critically, there were no safety issues in patients with a history of thromboembolic, cardiovascular, or cerebrovascular disease. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(7):1197–1205.
Similar 90-day outcomes among inpatient and outpatient arthroplasties
Authors: Yang JaeWon , Olsen Adam S. , Serino Joseph , Terhune E. Bailey , DeBenedetti Anne , Della Valle Craig J.
Published: July 2021

Aims

The proportion of arthroplasties performed in the ambulatory setting has increased considerably. However, there are concerns whether same-day discharge may increase the risk of complications. The aim of this study was to compare 90-day outcomes between inpatient arthroplasties and outpatient arthroplasties performed at an ambulatory surgery centre (ASC), and determine whether there is a learning curve associated with performing athroplasties in an ASC.

Methods

Among a single-surgeon cohort of 970 patients who underwent arthroplasty at an ASC, 854 (88.0%) were matched one-to-one with inpatients based on age, sex, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade, BMI, and procedure (105 could not be adequately matched and 11 lacked 90-day follow-up). The cohort included 281 total hip arthroplasties (THAs) (32.9%), 267 unicompartmental knee arthroplasties (31.3%), 242 primary total knee arthroplasties (TKAs) (28.3%), 60 hip resurfacings (7.0%), two revision THAs (0.3%), and two revision TKAs (0.3%). Outcomes included readmissions, reoperations, visits to the emergency department, unplanned clinic visits, and complications.

Results

The inpatient and outpatient groups were similar in all demographic variables, reflecting successful matching. The reoperation rate was 0.9% in both cohorts (p = 1.000). Rates of readmission (2.0% inpatient vs 1.6% outpatient), any complications (5.9% vs 5.6%), minor complications (4.2% vs 3.9%), visits to the emergency department (2.7% vs 1.4%), and unplanned clinic visits (5.7% vs 5.5%) were lower in the outpatient group but did not reach significance with the sample size studied. A learning curve may exist, as seen by significant reductions in the reoperation and overall complication rates among outpatient arthroplasties over time (p = 0.032 and p = 0.007, respectively), despite those in this group becoming significantly older and heavier (both p < 0.001) during the study period.

Conclusion

Arthroplasties performed at ASCs appear to be safe in appropriately selected patients, but may be associated with a learning curve as shown by the significant decrease in complication and reoperation rates during the study period. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(7 Supple B):84–90.
Review of complications, functional outcome, and long-term survival following conversion of hip fusion to total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Ayekoloye Charles I. , Abu Qa'oud Moayad , Radi Mehran , Leon Sebastian A. , Kuzyk Paul , Safir Oleg , Gross Allan E.
Published: July 2021

Aims

Improvements in functional results and long-term survival are variable following conversion of hip fusion to total hip arthroplasty (THA) and complications are high. The aim of the study was to analyze the clinical and functional results in patients who underwent conversion of hip fusion to THA using a consistent technique and uncemented implants.

Methods

A total of 39 hip fusion conversions to THA were undertaken in 38 patients by a single surgeon employing a consistent surgical technique and uncemented implants. Parameters assessed included Harris Hip Score (HHS) for function, range of motion (ROM), leg length discrepancy (LLD), satisfaction, and use of walking aid. Radiographs were reviewed for loosening, subsidence, and heterotopic ossification (HO). Postoperative complications and implant survival were assessed.

Results

At mean 12.2 years (2 to 24) follow-up, HHS improved from mean 34.2 (20.8 to 60.5) to 75 (53.6 to 94.0; p < 0.001). Mean postoperative ROM was flexion 77° (50° to 95°), abduction 30° (10° to 40°), adduction 20° (5° to 25°), internal rotation 18° (2° to 30°), and external rotation 17° (5° to 30°). LLD improved from mean -3.36 cm (0 to 8) to postoperative mean -1.14 cm (0 to 4; p < 0.001). Postoperatively, 26 patients (68.4%) required the use of a walking aid. Complications included one (2.5%) dislocation, two (5.1%) partial sciatic nerve injuries, one (2.5%) deep periprosthetic joint infection, two instances of (5.1%) acetabular component aseptic loosening, two (5.1%) periprosthetic fractures, and ten instances of HO (40%), of which three (7.7%) were functionally limiting and required excision. Kaplan-Meier Survival was 97.1% (95% confidence interval (CI) 91.4% to 100%) at ten years and 88.2% (95% CI 70.96 to 100) at 15 years with implant revision for aseptic loosening as endpoint and 81.7% (95% CI 70.9% to 98.0%) at ten years and 74.2% (95% CI 55.6 to 92.8) at 15 years follow-up with implant revision for all cause failure as endpoint.

Conclusion

The use of an optimal and consistent surgical technique and cementless implants can result in significant functional improvement, low complication rates, long-term implant survival, and high patient satisfaction following conversion of hip fusion to THA. The possibility of requiring a walking aid should be discussed with the patient before surgery. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(7 Supple B):129–134.
Modular dual mobility total hip arthroplasty is a viable option for young, active patients
Authors: Lawrie Charles Murray , Barrack Robert L. , Nunley Ryan M.
Published: July 2021

Aims

Dual mobility (DM) implants have been shown to reduce the dislocation rate after total hip arthroplasty (THA), but there remain concerns about the use of cobalt chrome liners inserted into titanium shells. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical outcomes, metal ion levels, and periprosthetic femoral bone mineral density (BMD) at mid-term follow-up in young, active patients receiving a modular DM THA.

Methods

This was a prospective study involving patients aged < 65 years, with a BMI of < 35 kg/m2, and University of California, Los Angeles activity score of > 6 who underwent primary THA with a modular cobalt chrome acetabular liner, highly cross-linked polyethylene mobile bearing, and a cementless titanium femoral stem. Patient-reported outcome measures, whole blood metal ion levels (μg/l), and periprosthetic femoral BMD were measured at baseline and at one, two, and five years postoperatively. The results two years postoperatively for this cohort have been previously reported.

Results

A total of 43 patients were enrolled. At minimum follow-up of five years, 23 (53.4%) returned for clinical and radiological review, 25 (58.1%) had metal ion analysis performed, 19 (44.2%) underwent dual energy x-ray absorptiometry scans, and 25 (58%) completed a pain-drawing questionnaire. The mean modified Harris Hip Scores improved significantly from 54.8 (SD 19) preoperatively to 93.08 (SD 10.5) five years postoperatively (p < 0.001). One patient was revised for aseptic acetabular loosening. The mean cobalt levels increased from 0.065 μg/l (SD 0.03) to 0.08 (SD 0.05) and the mean titanium levels increased from 0.35 (SD 0.13) to 0.78 (SD 0.29). The femoral BMD ratio decreased in Gruen Zone 1 (91.9%) at five years postoperatively compared with the baseline scores at six weeks potoperatively. The femoral BMD ratio was maintained in Gruen zones 2 to 7.

Conclusion

The use of a modular DM component and a cementless, tapered femoral stem shows excellent mid-term survivorship with minimal concerns for corrosion and metal ion release in a cohort of young, active patients undergoing primary THA. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(7 Supple B):73–77.
Impact of metabolic syndrome on lower urinary tract symptoms in patients with benign prostate hyperplasia
Authors: Parikesit Dyandra , Witjaksono Fiastuti , Mochtar Chaidir Arif , Rasyid Nur , Hamid Agus Rizal Ardy Hariandy
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND Studies evaluating the relationship between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in men with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) are lacking in Indonesia. This study aimed to discover the association of LUTS and MetS in men with BPH.
METHODS Subjects who underwent biopsy were recruited from Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia from January 2014 to January 2018, but only men who had biopsy-proven BPH were included. Body mass index, waist circumference, fasting blood glucose, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, prostate volume (PV), and international prostate symptom score (IPSS) were collected before the biopsy. MetS criteria were based on the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. IPSS was assessed for LUTS and consisted of irritative and obstructive symptoms and quality of life (QoL). Independent t-test or Mann–Whitney test was used to analyze numerical data.
RESULTS Of 227 men with biopsy-proven BPH, 87 (38.3%) were diagnosed with MetS. PV was similar in men with or without MetS (54.4 [20.3–100] versus 49.9 [19.5–100] cm3, p = 0.239). Men with MetS generally had more LUTS (15 [1–30] versus 11 [0–35], p = 0.005), more irritative symptoms (8 [0–20] versus 6 [0–20], p = 0.007), and lower QoL (4 [0–6] versus 3 [0–6], p = 0.018).
CONCLUSIONS BPH patients with MetS had greater LUTS, particularly irritative symptoms and QoL score.
Pedagogies in the Wild—Entanglements between Deleuzoguattarian Philosophy and the New Materialisms: Editorial
Authors: Geerts Evelien , Carstens Delphi
Published: July 2021

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Affirmative Ethics and Affective Scratchings: A Diffractive Re-View of Posthuman Knowledge and Mapping the Affective Turn
Authors: Strom Kathryn , Mills Tammy
Published: July 2021

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El medio ambiente sano como derecho fundamental en Colombia
Authors: Restrepo Tamayo John Fernando , Hurtado Sebastián , Vásquez Leonardo
Published: July 2021

El presente trabajo investigativo tiene por objetivo defender la tesis que el medio ambiente sano se ha configurado en la práctica y con suficientes bases teórico normativas como un derecho fundamental en el sistema jurídico colombiano; no solo por las decisiones que sobre él han tomado las altas cortes, sino además por la gran defensa que sobre él se hace en diferentes instrumentos internacionales. Se observarán tanto fuentes legales como doctrinarias con el objetivo de mostrar esta naturaleza.
Deontología y confidencialidad en psiquiatría y psicología clínica en España
Authors: Bertolín Guillén José Manuel
Published: July 2021

Introducción. En el ámbito de la salud mental la cualidad deontológica o ética profesional de todo el personal sanitario está regulada por los correspondientes códigos internacionales y nacionales de los preceptivos colegios profesionales. Material y método. Estudio crítico de los códigos deontológicos españoles y otros internacionales de referencia, para las especialidades oficiales de psiquiatría y psicología clínica. Resultados y discusión. Esos códigos normalizan la confidencialidad como asunto imperativo y son de obligado cumplimiento para sus colegiados. Los facultativos tienen igualmente la máxima exigencia bioética de ostentar siempre la formación y actualización óptimas en su campo, lo que es aplicable tanto si actúan pública como privadamente, o son de una u otra especialidad. Las actuaciones facultativo-paciente más paternalistas solo podrán ser válidas en la actualidad cuando los usuarios sean incapaces de elegir voluntariamente o de realizar acciones autónomas. Sin embargo, resultan especialmente sensibles las situaciones que conlleven riesgo de heteroagresión, suicidio, consumo de sustancias o se den en menores de edad. Por tanto, puede haber conflicto bioético entre la confidencialidad facultativa y el deber de proteger e informar a otra persona involucrada. Conclusiones. En nuestro país, la salvaguarda de los principios de interés público de no-maleficencia y justicia tendrá que prevalecer sobre los más individuales de autonomía y beneficencia.
Pacto de silencio y derecho a la información en pacientes gravemente enfermos. Escribiendo el último capítulo de la vida
Authors: Vergara Lacalle Oscar
Published: July 2021

Hoy nadie duda, al menos en los países de tradición occidental, de que el titular del derecho a la información clínica es el paciente sobre cuya salud versa dicha información, como ha sido institucionalmente reconocido en distintas leyes e instrumentos internacionales. Sin embargo, es todavía posible constatar ciertas prácticas que van en sentido contrario a este común asenso; señaladamente, aquella que, con un sesgo paternalista, omite la obligación de informar adecuadamente al enfermo al que se le ha diagnosticado una enfermedad grave con un pronóstico de vida limitado. Aunque son variadas las razones habitualmente invocadas para justificar esta reticencia, se puede afirmar que, en el fondo, todas concurren al objetivo de que el paciente no pierda la esperanza de recobrar la salud. En este estudio tratamos de poner de manifiesto que este objetivo priva al paciente de la oportunidad de escribir con sentido el último capítulo de su vida y  de sentir el aliento de una esperanza nueva y verdaderamente libre, ocasionándole un perjuicio mayor que el que se le trata de evitar.
Comunicación efectiva en salud: evaluación de una experiencia docente en estudiantes de medicina de Cuenca, Ecuador
Authors: Estévez Abad Fernando , Estévez Vélez Andrea
Published: July 2021

Introducción: la comunicación dentro del ámbito médico es esencial para obtener buenos resultados de la consulta; esta habilidad debe enseñarse a lo largo de la carrera y no suponer que es innata. Después de una revisión sistemática de la metodología de enseñanza en Ecuador y el poco desarrollo que ha tenido dentro de las universidades sobre todo del sur del país se realiza un estudio evaluando las habilidades comunicacionales de los estudiantes de medicina. Metodología: cien estudiantes de último año que realizan su año de internado en el Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso, participaron en un estudio que valoró por observación directa las entrevistas con los pacientes utilizando la Guía Calgary – Cambridge como método de evaluación. Resultados: el promedio obtenido por los evaluados fue de 13,96 de 24 habilidades evaluadas, se realizó una comparación entre aquellos estudiantes que tenían formación en comunicación medica (19) y los que no tenían ninguna (81). Se encontró los estudiantes con formación en comunicación desarrollan entrevistas con mayor empatía, escucha efectiva, respeto por las expectativas de los pacientes y son capaces de resumir los hallazgos en busca de resultados más eficaces de la comunicación. Conclusión: se observan algunas diferencias entre ambos grupos comparables con estudios internacionales. Se urge a las escuelas de medicina para llevar adelante una modificación del currículo formal que favorezca el desarrollo y aprendizaje de la comunicación como habilidad efectiva en el aprendizaje médico. El objetivo se humanizar la comunicación y favorecer una mejor relación entre médico y paciente.
Sobre el significado y alcance de los hitos más decisivos en el desarrollo de la Bioética universal: el Convenio de Oviedo y la Declaración Universal sobre Bioética y Derechos Humanos de la UNESCO
Authors: Marín Castán Maria Luisa
Published: July 2021

El convenio de Oviedo y la Declaración Universal sobre Bioética y Derechos Humanos de la UNESCO son los dos instrumentos jurídicos que más han contribuido al desarrollo de la Bioética universal. Dichos documentos inscriben la bioética en el contexto de los derechos humanos internacionales .En ambos textos se ha logrado identificar y configurar un conjunto mínimo y consensuado  de principios bioéticos que hunden sus raíces en los derechos humanos y en la dignidad de la persona. A pesar de su diferente naturaleza jurídica, con  ambos documentos  se inicia un proceso de juridificación de la bioética universal qué amplia y reorienta el horizonte y   los contenidos del Derecho internacional.
Optimization of frequency combs spectral-flatness using evolutionary algorithm
Authors: Pinto Thyago , de Moura Uiara C. , Da Ros Francesco , Krstić Marko , Crnjanski Jasna V. , Napoli Antonio , Gvozdić Dejan M. , Zibar Darko
Published: July 2021

We demonstrate the use of meta-heuristics algorithms for flatness optimization of optical frequency combs (OFCs). Without any additional component for flatness compensation, the laser alone is explored when driven by optimized bias current and radio frequency (RF) driving signals composed by multiple harmonics. The bias current amplitude and RF harmonic amplitudes and relative phases are optimized using particle swarm optimization (PSO) and differential evolution (DE) algorithms. The numerical results lead to a 9 lines-GS-laser-based OFC spectrum with 2.9 dB flatness. An online experimental optimization using the DE algorithm results in a 7-line-GS-laser-based OFC with 2 dB flatness.
Sm-Net OCT: a deep-learning-based speckle-modulating optical coherence tomography
Authors: Ni Guangming , Chen Ying , Wu Renxiong , Wang Xiaoshan , Zeng Ming , Liu Yong
Published: July 2021

Speckle imposes obvious limitations on resolving capabilities of optical coherence tomography (OCT), while speckle-modulating OCT can efficiently reduce speckle arbitrarily. However, speckle-modulating OCT seriously reduces the imaging sensitivity and temporal resolution of the OCT system when reducing speckle. Here, we proposed a deep-learning-based speckle-modulating OCT, termed Sm-Net OCT, by deeply integrating conventional OCT setup and generative adversarial network trained with a customized large speckle-modulating OCT dataset containing massive speckle patterns. The customized large speckle-modulating OCT dataset was obtained from the aforementioned conventional OCT setup rebuilt into a speckle-modulating OCT and performed imaging using different scanning parameters. Experimental results demonstrated that the proposed Sm-Net OCT can effectively obtain high-quality OCT images without the electronic noise and speckle, and conquer the limitations of reducing the imaging sensitivity and temporal resolution which conventional speckle-modulating OCT has. The proposed Sm-Net OCT can significantly improve the adaptability and practicality capabilities of OCT imaging, and expand its application fields.
Modeling and prediction of tool influence function under complex edge in sub-aperture optical polishing
Authors: Wan Songlin , Wei Chaoyang , Hu Chen , Gu Haojin , Shao Jianda
Published: July 2021

Edge mis-figures are regarded as one of the most difficult technical issues in optical fabrication. At present, only the near straight-line edge tool influence function (TIF) can be fitted by a polynomial function, but it is difficult to unify a 2-D analytical model suitable for complex edge workpieces and various tools, due to the lack of the scientific understanding of the edge removal behavior. In this paper, a comprehensive mathematical model is proposed to reveal the mechanism of the edge effect and accurately predict the complex edge TIF. The concept of a nonlinear edge kernel is first proposed and verified that the nonlinear pressure can be characterized by convoluting the kernel with the edge contour, which can be easily adapted to complex edge cases; besides, the edge kernel obtaining algorithm is established. The linear pressure part is verified to be constrained by the moment balance formula, which occurs in universal joint tool. Besides, the basic pressure distribution is presented to compensate the pressure distortion caused by the uneven form of the tool pad. The introducing of these three parts makes the complex edge pressure modeled efficiently and matched perfectly with the FEA results. In addition, a series of TIF experiments were carried out on various complex edge workpieces and different tools, which could be well predicted by the proposed model in 2-D view.
Compatible stealth design of infrared and radar based on plasmonic absorption structure
Authors: Gao Zhiqiang , Fan Qi , Xu Cuilian , Tian Xiaoxia , Tian Changhui , Wang Jiafu , Qu Shaobo
Published: July 2021

In this paper, a metamaterial structure with radar and infrared (IR) compatible stealth characteristics is designed based on the principle of plasmonic absorbing structure (PAS). Due to the lack of reports on PAS-based IR radar compatible stealth, this article combines PAS and IR frequency selective surfaces to achieve the desired purpose. Through mathematical modeling and dispersion engineering of the unit cell proposed, a PAS with ultra-wideband wave absorption is realized. The low emissivity of the IR atmospheric window band is realized by means of the simulation and analysis of the IR frequency selective surface with different indium tin oxide (ITO) occupation ratios. The absorptivity of designed structure is higher than 90% from 4GHz to 28.6GHz, and the emissivity of the IR atmospheric window is only 0.3. The experience of the fabricated sample is consistent with the theoretical analysis and the simulation. Our method enriches the implementation strategies of radar-IR compatibility and has reference significance for multi-spectrum compatible stealth.
Polymer-coated moth-eye hybrid structure for broadband antireflection in the terahertz region
Authors: Yu Xi , Goto Kazusa , Yasunaga Yuki , Soeda Junshi , Ono Shingo
Published: July 2021

A hybrid antireflective structure (ARS) is proposed for enhancing the transmittance of terahertz (THz) waves. This hybrid ARS was made by attaching a polymer-based two-layer coating onto a moth-eye structure on a silicon (Si) substrate. The measured power reflectance of this hybrid ARS remained below 6% in the frequency range of 0.6–2.5 THz, corresponding to the simulated results. The total power reflectance from 0.1 to 2.5 THz was 20% that of the unprocessed Si surface. Besides exhibiting a broadband AR characteristic, this hybrid ARS inherited the cleanable flat surface from the coating structure, which also acts as a protective shield for the moth-eye structures. This high-transmittance, cleanable, flat antireflective surface can not only improve the performance of numerous THz components but also promote the applications of THz waves in daily life.
Experimental demonstration of robustness of Gaussian quantum coherence
Authors: Kang Haijun , Han Dongmei , Wang Na , Liu Yang , Hao Shuhong , Su Xiaolong
Published: July 2021

Besides quantum entanglement and steering, quantum coherence has also been identified as a useful quantum resource in quantum information. It is important to investigate the evolution of quantum coherence in practical quantum channels. In this paper, we experimentally quantify the quantum coherence of a squeezed state and a Gaussian Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) entangled state transmitted in Gaussian thermal noise channel. By reconstructing the covariance matrix of the transmitted states, quantum coherence of these Gaussian states is quantified by calculating the relative entropy. We show that quantum coherence of the squeezed state and the Gaussian EPR entangled state is robust against loss and noise in a quantum channel, which is different from the properties of squeezing and Gaussian entanglement. Our experimental results pave the way for application of Gaussian quantum coherence in lossy and noisy environments.
Iterative freeform lens design for optical field control
Authors: Feng Zexin , Cheng Dewen , Wang Yongtian
Published: July 2021

It is still very challenging to determine a freeform lens for converting a given input beam into a prescribed output beam where not only the irradiance distribution but also the phase distribution hardly can be expressed analytically. Difficulties arise because the ray mapping from the input beam to the output beam is not only intertwined with the required double freeform surfaces but also intertwined with the output phase distribution, whose gradient represents the directions of the output rays. Direct determination of such a problem is very difficult. Here, we develop a special iterative wavefront tailoring (IWT) method to tackle this problem. In a certain iteration, the current calculation data of the double freeform surfaces and the output phase gradient are used to update the coefficients of a Monge–Ampère equation describing an intermediate wavefront next to the entrance freeform surface. The solution to the wavefront equation could lead to an improved ray mapping to be used to update the corresponding phase gradient data and reconstruct the double freeform surfaces. In a demonstrative example that deviates much from the paraxial or small-angle approximation, the new IWT method can generate a freeform lens that performs much better than that designed by a conventional ray mapping method for producing two irradiance distributions in the forms of numerals “1” and “2” on two successive targets, respectively.
Crisis and Change: Fallstudie zur Untersuchung der Resilienz als Erfolgsfaktor von Partizipationsplattformen während der Coronakrise
Authors: Butt Jan-Hendrik , Scholz Felix , Abel Pascal
Published: July 2021

Die Coronakrise trifft große Teile der Weltwirtschaft hart und reduziert das gesellschaftliche Leben stark. Durch die stark einschränkenden Maßnahmen zur Minimierung der sozialen Kontakte wäre auch ein Rückgang des Interesses an der gemeinschaftlichen Gestaltung der städtischen Umgebung zu erwarten. Jedoch ist das Gegenteil der Fall. Partizipationsplattformen für die Gestaltung des urbanen Raumes haben sich verändert, um der Krise zu begegnen und Antworten auf die aktuellen Herausforderungen zu finden. Dieser Beitrag untersucht, weshalb Partizipationsplattformen trotz oder durch die Coronakrise erfolgreicher werden und möchte erforschen, welche Ursachen es für diese Resilienz gibt. Dafür dienen 26 Partizipationsplattformen im urbanen Raum als Untersuchungsgrundlage. Alle Plattformen bieten das höchste Partizipationslevel der Selbstverwaltung an, sodass Bürger*innen selbstständig ihren Lebensraum gestalten können. Anhand von drei Fallstudien werden Ausdauerfähigkeit, Anpassungsfähigkeit und Wandlungsfähigkeit der Plattformen beschrieben. Als Ursachen konnten dabei unter anderem die enge Verbundenheit zu den Projektinitiatoren und das starke gesellschaftliche Verantwortungsgefühl sowie flache Hierarchien und eine gelebte Fehlerkultur herausgearbeitet werden.
The time to peak blood bicarbonate (HCO3–), pH, and the strong ion difference (SID) following sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) ingestion in highly trained adolescent swimmers
Authors: Newbury Josh W. , Cole Matthew , Kelly Adam L. , Chessor Richard J. , Sparks S. Andy , McNaughton Lars R. , Gough Lewis A.
Published: July 2021

The timing of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) supplementation has been suggested to be most optimal when coincided with a personal time that bicarbonate (HCO3–) or pH peaks in the blood following ingestion. However, the ergogenic mechanisms supporting this ingestion strategy are strongly contested. It is therefore plausible that NaHCO3 may be ergogenic by causing beneficial shifts in the strong ion difference (SID), though the time course of this blood acid base balance variable is yet to be investigated. Twelve highly trained, adolescent swimmers (age: 15.9 ± 1.0 years, body mass: 65.3 ± 9.6 kg) consumed their typical pre-competition nutrition 1–3 hours before ingesting 0.3 g∙kg BM-1 NaHCO3 in gelatine capsules. Capillary blood samples were then taken during seated rest on nine occasions (0, 60, 75, 90, 105, 120, 135, 150, 165 min post-ingestion) to identify the time course changes in HCO3–, pH, and the SID. No significant differences were found in the time to peak of each blood measure (HCO3–: 130 ± 35 min, pH: 120 ± 38 min, SID: 98 ± 37 min; p = 0.08); however, a large effect size was calculated between time to peak HCO3– and the SID (g = 0.88). Considering that a difference between time to peak blood HCO3– and the SID was identified in adolescents, future research should compare the ergogenic effects of these two individualized NaHCO3 ingestion strategies compared to a traditional, standardized approach.
Predicting COVID-19 in very large countries: The case of Brazil
Authors: Parro V. C. , Lafetá M. L. M. , Pait F. , Ipólito F. B. , Toporcov T. N.
Published: July 2021

This work presents a practical proposal for estimating health system utilization for COVID-19 cases. The novel methodology developed is based on the dynamic model known asSusceptible,Infected,Removed andDead (SIRD). The model was modified to focus on the healthcare system dynamics, rather than modeling all cases of the disease. It was tuned using data available for each Brazilian state and updated with daily figures. A figure of merit that assesses the quality of the model fit to the data was defined and used to optimize the free parameters. The parameters of an epidemiological model for the whole of Brazil, comprising a linear combination of the models for each state, were estimated considering the data available for the 26 Brazilian states. The model was validated, and strong adherence was demonstrated in most cases.