bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A case of HCC successfully treated with infliximab‐steroid sequential therapy for small bowel perforation due to atezolizumab/bevacizumab combination therapy
Authors: Hagiwara Satoru , Komeda Yoriaki , Nishida Naoshi , Yoshida Akihiro , Kudo Masatoshi
Published: October 2022

Background

Although reports of gastrointestinal perforation after immune‐related adverse events (irAE) enteritis are rare, the anti‐ vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) effect of bevacizumab may be involved in gastrointestinal perforation. We report a rare case of gastrointestinal perforation in a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma treated with atezolizumab/bevacizumab combination therapy and infliximab before steroid use.

Case

A 72‐year‐old man, who received seven courses of atezolizumab/bevacizumab for hepatocellular carcinoma due to hepatitis B, was admitted to our department with idiopathic abdominal pain and diarrhea (grade 2 [G2]). Computed tomography (CT) and colonoscopy confirmed edema in the gastrointestinal tract. Perforation of the jejunum was observed in a CT performed on the third day and an emergency operation was performed. Intraoperative findings showed severe edema of the jejunum and leakage of feces into the abdominal cavity. The patient was diagnosed with irAE enteritis comprehensively with severe wall thickening on CT and colonoscopy, negative stool culture, and pathological findings of CD8‐positive cells. Infliximab was administered before initiating steroids, to prevent reperforation. The enteritis improved by the 22nd day; however, CT performed on the 35th day of illness showed relapse of gastrointestinal wall thickening and G2 diarrhea symptoms; therefore, prednisolone (PSL) 60 mg/day was started on the 36th day of illness. After introducing PSL, enteritis did not reoccur, and the patient was discharged on the 63rd day of illness after admission.

Conclusion

There are no reports of gastrointestinal perforation by atezolizumab/bevacizumab for hepatocellular carcinoma, and prior administration of infliximab. We therefore report the clinical course and management.
Edaravone Administered Orally and Via Nasogastric Tube in Healthy Adults: A Comparative Bioavailability Phase 1 Study
Authors: Shimizu Hidetoshi , Nishimura Yukiko , Shiide Youichi , Ueda Masaki , Yokota Shoko , Kato Yuichiro , Hirai Manabu
Published: October 2022

Intravenous edaravone is used to treat patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. This randomized, open‐label, two‐way crossover, single‐dose phase 1 study compared the relative bioavailability of a newly developed edaravone oral suspension when administered orally and via a nasogastric tube (NGT) as a model of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube administration in healthy adult subjects. Thirty‐six subjects were randomly assigned to one of two groups, with 18 per group. Blood was collected pre‐ and post‐dose for pharmacokinetic assessments; safety was evaluated. Plasma concentration–time profiles of unchanged edaravone were similar between administration routes. Comparative bioavailability analysis revealed that geometric least squares mean ratios (NGT/oral) for maximum plasma concentration and area under the plasma concentration–time curve from time zero to infinity of unchanged edaravone were 1.052 and 0.981, respectively. No serious adverse events or adverse drug reactions were reported. These results suggest that oral edaravone suspension can be administered directly to the stomach without dose adjustment via feeding tubes; both oral and NGT administration are well tolerated.
Patient Out‐of‐Pocket Costs Following the Availability of Biosimilar Versions of Infliximab
Authors: Feng Kimberly , Kesselheim Aaron S. , Russo Massimiliano , Rome Benjamin N.
Published: October 2022

After market exclusivity ends for biologic drugs, biosimilars—follow‐on versions made by other manufacturers—can compete with lower prices. Biosimilars have modestly reduced prescription drug spending for US payers, but it is unclear whether patients have directly experienced any savings. In this study we assessed whether availability of biosimilar infliximab was associated with lower out‐of‐pocket (OOP) costs, using claims from a national data set of commercially insured patients from 2014 to 2018. We used two‐part models, adjusting for patient demographics, clinical characteristics, insurance plan type, and calendar month. Compared with the reference biologic, there was no difference in the percentage of biosimilar claims with OOP costs (30.1% vs. 30.8%; adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.98, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.84–1.15, P = 0.84) or the average nonzero OOP cost (median $378 vs. $538, adjusted mean ratio (aMR) 0.97, 95% CI, 0.80–1.18, P = 0.77). The percentage of claims with OOP costs was lower after biosimilar competition (30.7% vs. 35.0%, aOR 0.96, 95% CI, 0.94–0.99, P = 0.003), but average nonzero costs increased (median $534 vs. $520, aMR 1.04, 95% CI, 1.01–1.07, P = 0.004). Thus, early biosimilar infliximab competition did not improve affordability for patients. Policymakers need to better assure that competition in the biosimilar market translates to lower costs for patients using these medications.
Comparative microleakage outcomes of different techniques used for creating the occlusal anatomy in occlusal direct restorations using the dental operating microscope
Authors: Bud Marius G. , Pop Razvan C. , Pricope Razvan , Mesaros Anca , Voina Andrada , Delean Ada , Lucaciu Ondine , Cîmpean Sanda
Published: October 2022

Objectives

Microleakage in direct dental restorations is a primary causal factor in the restoration's failure. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the technique for occlusal layering of the composite resin (the use of brush adaptation, the use of magnification, cusp build‐up, stamp technique) has any effect on microleakage of direct restorations in occlusal cavities.

Materials and Methods

One hundred extracted human molars were restored using five restoration techniques (Packable Bulk technique, Occlusal Stamp technique, Successive Cusp Build‐up technique, Successive Cusp Build‐up technique + Brush adaptation, Successive Cusp Build‐up technique + brush adaptation + Dental Operative Microscope magnification). The teeth were subjected to thermal aging for 800 cycles at 5°C and 55°C, infiltrated with basic fuchsin dye for 24 h, and then sectioned buccolingually in the middle of the crown. Infiltration was measured in four areas of the tooth section by five different observers and then given a score from 1 to 3, proportional to infiltration depth.

Results

The lowest mean scores for infiltration (meaning less infiltration observed) were present in Group A (1.41 ± 0.878) and Group C (1.46 ± 0.679), while Group D showed the highest infiltration scores (1.75 ± 0.853). When comparing the groups for differences, no statistically significant difference in infiltration was found between any technique p < .586.

Conclusion

The techniques examined for placing the occlusal layer of composite in direct restorations do not differ significantly in terms of marginal infiltration, although a slight improvement was found when using the bulk technique and the successive cusp build‐up.
Molecular phylogeny and taxonomy of the genus Nectogale (Mammalia: Eulipotyphla: Soricidae)
Authors: Fan Ronghui , Tang Keyi , Dou Liang , Fu Changkun , Faiz Abu ul Hassan , Wang Xuming , Wang Yufan , Chen Shunde , Liu Shaoying
Published: October 2022

The elegant water shrew, Nectogale elegans, is one of the small mammal species most adapted to a semi‐aquatic lifestyle. The taxonomy of the genus Nectogale has received little attention due to difficulties in specimen collection. In this study, we sequenced one mitochondrial and eight nuclear genes to infer the phylogenetic relationship of Nectogale. Phylogenetic analyses revealed two large clades within Nectogale. One clade represented N. elegans, and the other was regarded as N. sikhimensis. The split between N. elegans and N. sikhimensis dated back to the early Pleistocene (2.15 million years ago [Ma]), which might be relevant to the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau (QTP) uplift. The morphological comparison showed several distinguishing characters within Nectogale: the shape of the mastoids, the first lower unicuspid (a1), and the second upper molar (M2). Overall, the molecular and the morphological evidences supported that the genus Nectogale consists of two valid species: N. elegans and N. sikhimensis.
The inappropriate use of time‐to‐independence biases estimates of activity patterns of free‐ranging mammals derived from camera traps
Authors: Peral Christopher , Landman Marietjie , Kerley Graham I. H.
Published: October 2022

Measuring and comparing activity patterns provide key insights into the behavioral trade‐offs that result in animal activity and their extrinsic and intrinsic drivers. Camera traps are a recently emerged source of data for sampling animal activity used to estimate activity patterns. However, nearly 70% of studies using such data to estimate activity patterns apply a time‐to‐independence data filter to discard appreciable periods of sampling effort. This treatment of activity as a discrete event emerged from the use of camera trap data to estimate animal abundances, but does not reflect the continuous nature of behavior, and may bias resulting estimates of activity patterns. We used a large, freely available camera trap dataset to test the effects of time to independence on the estimated activity of eight medium‐ to large‐sized African mammals. We show that discarding data through the use of time‐to‐independence filters causes substantial losses in sample sizes and differences in the estimated activity of species. Activity patterns estimated for herbivore species were more affected by the application of time‐to‐independence data filters than carnivores, this extending to estimates of potential interactions (activity overlap) between herbivore species. We hypothesize that this pattern could reflect the typically more abundant, social, and patch‐specific foraging patterns of herbivores and suggest that this effect may bias estimates of predator–prey interactions. Activity estimates of rare species, with less data available, may be particularly vulnerable to loss of data through the application of time‐to‐independence data filters. We conclude that the application of time‐to‐independence data filters in camera trap‐based estimates of activity patterns is not valid and should not be used.
Particle Size Optimization of Thermochemical Salt Hydrates for High Energy Density Thermal Storage
Authors: Martin Andrew , Lilley Drew , Prasher Ravi , Kaur Sumanjeet
Published: October 2022

Thermal energy storage (TES) solutions offer opportunities to reduce energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, and cost. Specifically, they can help reduce the peak load and address the intermittency of renewable energy sources by time shifting the load, which are critical toward zero energy buildings. Thermochemical materials (TCMs) as a class of TES undergo a solid–gas reversible chemical reaction with water vapor to store and release energy with high storage capacities (600 kWh m−3) and negligible self‐discharge that makes them uniquely suited as compact, stand‐alone units for daily or seasonal storage. However, TCMs suffer from instabilities at the material (salt particles) and reactor level (packed beds of salt), resulting in poor multi‐cycle efficiency and high‐levelized cost of storage. In this study, a model is developed to predict the pulverization limit or Rcrit of various salt hydrates during thermal cycling. This is critical as it provides design rules to make mechanically stable TCM composites as well as enables the use of more energy‐efficient manufacturing process (solid‐state mixing) to make the composites. The model is experimentally validated on multiple TCM salt hydrates with different water content, and effect of Rcrit on hydration and dehydration kinetics is also investigated.
Method development for quantitative monitoring of monoclonal antibodies in upstream cell‐culture process samples with limited sample preparation – An evaluation of various capillary coatings
Authors: van der Burg Debbie , Wätzig Hermann , Sänger‐van de Griend Cari E.
Published: October 2022

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have become an important class of biopharmaceuticals used for the treatment of various diseases. Their quantification during the manufacturing process is important. In this work, a capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) method was developed for the monitoring of the mAb concentration during cell‐culture processes. CZE method development rules are outlined, particularly discussing various capillary coatings, such as a neutral covalent polyvinyl alcohol coating, a dynamic successive multiple ionic‐polymer coating, and dynamic coatings using background electrolyte additives such as triethanolamine (T‐EthA) and triethylamine. The dynamic T‐EthA coating resulted in most stable electro‐osmotic flows and most efficient peak shapes. The method is validated over the range 0.1–10 mg/ml, with a linear range of 0.08–1.3 mg/ml and an extended range of 1–10 mg/ml by diluting samples in the latter concentration range 10‐fold in water. The intraday precision and accuracy were 2%–12% and 88%–107%, respectively, and inter‐day precision and accuracy were 4%–9% and 93%–104%, respectively. The precision and accuracy of the lowest concentration level (0.08 mg/ml) were slightly worse and still well in scope for monitoring purposes. The presented method proved applicable for analysing in‐process cell‐culture samples from different cell‐culture processes and is possibly well suited as platform method.
Flexible Zinc‐Ion Hybrid Capacitor Based on Interface‐Engineered Textile of Waste Face Masks
Authors: Lan Mingyang , Liu Qifan , Yang Chao , Qiu Jianhui , Zang Limin
Published: October 2022

Flexible energy storage devices based on textiles have attracted great attention due to their enormous potential in wearable electronics. Herein, flexible zinc‐ion hybrid capacitors (ZHCs) are proposed for wearable systems using waste face masks (WFMs) as the substrate and separator. The WFMs are covered with poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) to enhance the surface conductivity. Thereafter, polypyrrole and Zn are grown on the surfaces of WFMs, respectively, by the one‐step electrodeposition method. The flexible ZHC consists of surface‐engineered textiles which can function as the electrode and current collector. The as‐fabricated device possesses excellent specific capacity (105.1 mAh g−1), power density (117.8 W kg−1), and energy density (84.3 Wh kg−1). Besides, it maintains excellent electrochemical performance after 10 000 charge/discharge cycles and 5000 bending cycles. Furthermore, the device is capable of ensuring a stable power supply and driving an electronic meter for nearly a day. This work provides a facile strategy to construct low‐cost textile‐based flexible ZHCs from WFMs.
Tongxinluo enhances the effect of atorvastatin on the treatment of atherosclerosis with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by maintaining the pulmonary microvascular barrier
Authors: Kuang Xiangnan , Wang Yafen , Liu Shiqiao , Chang Liping , Yin Yujie , Li Zhen , Liu Yi , Li Wenyan , Hou Yunlong , Wang Hongtao , Liang Junqing , Jia Zhenhua
Published: October 2022

Atherosclerosis (AS) is a common comorbidity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and systemic inflammation is an important mechanism of COPD with AS. Tongxinluo (TXL) improves the function of vascular endothelial cells. We aimed to prove that impairment of pulmonary microvascular barrier function is involved in COPD‐mediated aggravation of AS and investigate whether TXL enhances the effect of Ato (atorvastatin) on COPD with AS by protecting pulmonary microvascular endothelial barrier function. In vivo, a COPD with atherosclerotic apolipoprotein E knockout (AS ApoE−/−) mouse model was established by cigarette smoke combined with a high‐fat diet. The animals were administered TXL, Ato, and TXL + Ato once a day for 20 weeks. Lung function, lung microvascular permeability, lung inflammation, systemic inflammation, serum lipid levels, atheromatous plaque formation, and endothelial damage biomarkers were measured. In vitro, human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs) were pretreated with TXL and incubated with cigarette smoke extract to establish the model. The permeability of the endothelial monolayer, inflammatory cytokines, endothelial damage biomarkers, and tight junction (Tj) proteins were determined. Cigarette smoking significantly exacerbated the high‐fat diet‐induced pulmonary function decline, pulmonary microvascular endothelial barrier dysfunction, inflammation, and atherosclerotic plaques. These changes were reversed by TXL–Ato; the combination was more effective than Ato alone. Furthermore, TXL protected the HPMEC barrier and inhibited inflammation in HPMECs. COPD aggravates AS, possibly through the destruction of pulmonary microvascular barrier function; thus, lung inflammation triggers systemic inflammation. In treating COPD with AS, TXL enhances the antiatherosclerotic effect of Ato, protecting the pulmonary microvascular barrier.
Forage production and persistence characteristics of grazed native warm‐season grass mixtures with or without nitrogen fertilizer
Authors: Chappell Caroline Nicole , Marks Marty Landon , Mason Katie Michelle , da Silva Liliane Severino , Jacobs Joshua Luke , Mullenix Mary Kimberly , Dillard Sandra Leanne , Muntifering Russell Brian
Published: October 2022

Background

Native warm‐season grass (NWSG) mixtures may provide a low‐nitrogen (N)‐input summer perennial forage option to extensively managed forage–livestock systems.

Methods

Mixed pastures of big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman), little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium Michx.), and indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans L.) fertilized with 0 or 67 kg N ha−1 were continuously stocked with beef heifers and cows. Forage mass, nutritive value, and canopy heights were determined every 2 weeks during the grazing season. Stand persistence measures included the canopy cover and leaf area index (LAI) and plant crown density at spring emergence following 3 years of grazing management.

Results

Forage mass, canopy height, and stocking densities were greater for N‐fertilized NWSG than unfertilized NWSG for the first 30 days of the growing season across the 3‐year study. Forage NWSG fertilized with N had a greater decrease in LAI during the growing season (51% decrease) than unfertilized NWSG. Spring NWSG plant density estimates following 3 years of grazing did not differ across N management strategies.

Conclusions

Forage NWSG mixtures supported superior forage attributes and greater stocking densities early in the grazing season under low‐level N than zero‐N‐input systems and may provide a low‐N‐input alternative for improved species use in southeastern US forage–livestock systems.
Thinking about Moral Progress
Authors: Jayaram Athmeya
Published: October 2022

Which research topics should ethicists focus on? Recent arguments for “effective altruism” and “longtermism” suggest that ethicists should set all competing interests aside and pursue the area in which researchers can have the greatest impact: avoiding long‐run human extinction. This brief essay by a Hastings Center research scholar raises some concerns about shifting research priorities in this way and suggests that ethicists can make progress in both the short and long term by thinking about how society makes progress.
Burdening Others
Authors: Kious Brent
Published: October 2022

Many people are afraid they will, as they age or fall ill, become burdens to others. Some who fear this say they would be willing to hasten their own deaths—engaging in self‐sacrifice through suicide, assisted suicide, or euthanasia—to avoid it. Still, some bioethicists and other critics of medical aid in dying reject the idea that fear of being a burden can be a good reason for self‐sacrifice. They argue that dependency is nearly universal, emphasize that caregiving is a valuable pursuit, and raise concerns about the impact of aid‐in‐dying policies on vulnerable groups. After defining what it is to be a burden, articulating why being a burden is morally significant, and, crucially, distinguishing burdensomeness from what I call “mere dependency,” I defend the intuition that self‐sacrifice can be justified by the desire to avoid being a burden and by the concern for the well‐being of one's caregivers that this choice implies.
Development and validation of a nomogram for the prediction of lymph node metastasis within 2‐year postoperatively in cT1‐T2N0 oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Cheng Aoming , Wang Zhen , Yuan Xiaohong , Liu Huan , Cao Wei , Wei Wei , Chang Shimin , Han Zhengxue , Guo Chuanbin , Feng Zhien
Published: October 2022

Background

The current neck management for early oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has always been a controversial issue. A comprehensive model is necessary for predicting an individual's metastasis risk and appropriate patient counseling.

Methods

A nomogram for predicting 2‐year LNM in patients with cT1‐2N0 OSCC was developed and validated using clinicopathological data from 642 patients from 2000 to 2018 in four hospitals, China.

Results

Three variables (pathology grade, depth of invasion, tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes) were included in nomogram. C‐indices were 0.826 (95% CI: 0.786–0.866) and 0.726 (95% CI: 0.653–0.780) in the internal and external validation. Kaplan–Meier method found the 2‐year LNM rate of high‐risk group (35.8%) was much higher than that of the low‐risk group (14.5%). The nomogram model has an advantage over the 8th AJCC TNM stage in predicting the individual 2‐year LNM probability for early OSCC.

Conclusion

Patients with low‐risk nomogram score may receive neck observation; those with high‐risk score should receive END.
Hydrological control of the chemical characteristics of suspended particulate phosphorus in the Yasu River watershed, Japan: Implications for its source and bioavailability
Authors: Osaka Ken'ichi , Chishiro Shinsho , Matsumoto Yoshiumi , Iwata Tomoya , Okuda Noboru
Published: October 2022

Several studies have demonstrated the importance of the bioavailability of particulate phosphorus (PP) exported from various watersheds, especially agricultural land. However, few studies have documented the influence of hydrological conditions on the sources and bioavailability of PP exported from watersheds with multiple land uses. In this study, to assess the sources and bioavailability of PP under different hydrological conditions, we conducted synoptic monitoring of compositional changes in the chemical fractions of PP exported from the Yasu River Watershed, which is covered with a mixture of forest (57.7%) and rice paddy (20.5%) areas. In this river, total phosphorus was composed mainly of PP at all monitoring sites and time points. The sequential extraction of PP revealed that a fraction bound to redox‐sensitive iron and manganese, regarded as bioavailable, was specific to the drainage waters of rice paddies, while a fraction bound to organic matter, regarded as less bioavailable, was specific to a forested stream. In the downstream of the Yasu River covering the whole watershed, PP exported under the base flow and small rainfall conditions was composed mainly of the rice paddy‐derived fraction, while most of the PP exported under heavy rainfall conditions was the forest‐derived fraction. These results suggest that the sources and bioavailability of PP can vary dynamically, depending on the hydrological regimes and land use pattern in the watershed. Even taking into account the fact that the large amount of PP exported during heavy rainfall is considered to be forest‐derived PP with low bioavailability, the monitoring results suggested that the annual amount of bioavailable PP exported is larger than that of dissolved phosphorus, and can have a large impact on phosphorus recycling in the downstream lake ecosystem through sedimentation and regeneration.
Detecting and explaining long‐term changes in river water quality in south‐eastern Australia
Authors: He Ziming , Yao Jiayu , Lu Yancen , Guo Danlu
Published: October 2022

Understanding the temporal changes in river water quality is important for catchment water quality management. This study aims to detect and attribute long‐term trends and abrupt changes in river water quality. We used 26 years of water quality data (1994–2020) collected from 102 river monitoring sites across Victoria, south‐eastern Australia. We analysed six water quality constituents that are of key concerns for Australian catchment management, namely: electrical conductivity (EC), total suspended solids, nitrate‐nitrite, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, total phosphorous and filtered reactive phosphorus. To detect trends and abrupt changes in water quality at each site, a Bayesian ensemble modelling approach was applied, namely, the Bayesian estimator of abrupt change, seasonal change, and trend (BEAST). To explain water quality trends, we then built multivariate regressions to link water quality with streamflow and seasonality, and then compared alternative model structures with and without a change in the regression relationships informed by the changes detected by BEAST. Among the six constituents studied, EC shows the most distinct systematic trends, with 21 sites having a significant increase followed by a non‐significant trend; within the 21 sites, 14 had a significant change point in EC around Year 2010. The regression analyses between water quality and streamflow suggested that the observed systematic change in EC could be largely related to reduced streamflow during the Millennium drought, which greatly impacted the climate and hydrology of south‐eastern Australia over the first decade of 2000. The results of this study can help inform the design of effective mitigation strategies and avoid further degradation of water quality across Victoria. Besides, our trend analysis and attribution approaches are applicable to water quality time series in other regions for robust trend analysis and change point detection.
Predictors of preschool language environments and their relations to children's vocabulary
Authors: Duncan Robert J. , Anderson Kirsten L. , King Yemimah A. , Finders Jennifer K. , Schmitt Sara A. , Purpura David J.
Published: October 2022

Despite support for the importance of early language environments, little is known about the naturally occurring experiences children have in preschool settings. The current study sample included 91 children (Mage = 4.72 years; 56% male; 67% White) from 23 preschool classrooms and nearly 1500 h of language environment data from three waves throughout the preschool year. Of the sociodemographic characteristics, family income is most closely related to children's preschool language environments. A standard deviation increase in family income was related to children hearing approximately one million more adult words in their preschool classroom. However, conversational turns were the more robust predictor of vocabulary skills with effect sizes around 0.20, depending on model specification. Theoretical and policy implications of these findings are discussed.
Development of a critical care pharmacist career coaching and professional development program at an academic medical center
Authors: Gerlach Anthony T. , Elefritz Jessica L. , Arnold Joshua , Phelps Megan , Smetana Keaton S. , Murphy Claire V.
Published: October 2022

Continuing professional development is a lifelong process that is multifaceted, holistic, self‐directed, and is not a replacement for continuing education. Through ongoing professional development, pharmacists can improve their skill set in a broad range of clinical, educational, research, and administrative activities. Not only does development of this growth benefit the individual pharmacist, but also the institution and pharmacy profession. In 2020, the American College of Clinical Pharmacy, the Society of Critical Care Medicine, and the American Society of Health‐System Pharmacists published an updated position paper on critical care pharmacy services. A new recommendation in the update was to create mechanisms for critical care pharmacists to develop their career and professional development. Herein, we describe our experience with the development and implementation of a critical care pharmacy career professional development program using peer‐to‐peer coaching within a large academic medical center. Professional development is not a one size fits all and should be individualized. We initially focused on developing research skills based on initial surveys. Afterwards professional development was varied we created new resources such as journal referee “how‐to” and teaching in a flipped classroom.
Bone Mass, Density, Geometry, and Stress–Strain Index in Adults With Osteogenesis Imperfecta Type I and Their Associations With Physical Activity and Muscle Function Parameters
Authors: Coussens Marie , Lapauw Bruno , Verroken Charlotte , Goemaere Stefan , De Wandele Inge , Malfait Fransiska , Banica Thiberiu , Calders Patrick
Published: October 2022

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous heritable connective tissue disorder mainly characterized by bone fragility and increased fracture risk. This study investigated bone parameters in adults with OI type I and their relationship with physical activity and muscle function parameters in comparison with controls. A total of 27 (15 women, 12 men) adults with OI type I and 27 healthy age- and sex-matched controls, with mean age 45 years (range 18–72 years), were included. Peripheral quantitative computed tomography was performed at the lower leg and forearm to assess muscle density, muscle and fat cross-sectional area (CSA) (66% site), and trabecular (4% site) and cortical bone parameters (66% site) at radius and tibia. Physical activity (step count and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity [MVPA]) was assessed by accelerometry, muscle function parameters by Leonardo mechanography (single two-legged jump – peak power), and hand grip dynamometry (maximal hand grip strength). Overall, the OI type I group had significantly lower muscle CSA at the lower leg and forearm, lower trabecular and cortical bone mineral content, lower polar stress–strain index (SSIp), and smaller cortices but higher cortical bone mineral density and lower step count and MVPA in comparison with controls. Maximal hand grip strength was positively associated with SSIp at radius (p = 0.012) in the control group but not in the OI type I group (p = 0.338) (difference in associations: p = 0.012). No other significantly different associations between bone and muscle function parameters or physical activity (step count or MVPA) were found in the OI type I versus control group. We conclude that adults with OI type I have smaller bones, lower trabecular bone mass, lower estimates of bone strength, and higher cortical density in comparison with controls and that there are some indications of a disturbed biomechanical muscle–bone relationship in adults with OI type I. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Toward a community psychology transformative praxis: A descriptive review
Authors: Kivell Natalie , Sharma Rajni , Ranco Sarah , Singh Amandeep K.
Published: October 2022

In this paper, we present a descriptive review of the foundational components of transformation—the starting places and gaps—in a move toward synthesizing current works into a Community Psychology Transformative Praxis. This review focuses on published work identified in North American Community Psychology journals (namely two United States based journals)—a review from the belly of the neoliberal and imperial beast. We reviewed and categorized seven foundational dimensions for beginning and sustaining transformative praxis and which represent how Community Psychology (CP), in the United States publishing context, is engaging in transformative efforts. In Part 1, we present three dimensions of transformative process, focused on early and iterative practices that develop and enact shared (1) values, (2) visions of a just world, and (3) critical problem frames. In part 2 we present four additional dimensions of transformative action; the considerations that inform action in a given transformative process or intervention including (4) planning for the long‐term nature of transformation, (5) targeting multiple levels of analysis, (6) engaging in solidarity with those most impacted by injustice, and (7) identifying and resisting power holders and/or power structures that prevent transformation and maintain the status quo. In Part 3, we review the relationship between process and action, where processes can be understood as driving, directing, and bounding the types of actions or interventions taken or imagined in a particular transformative intervention. We close the paper with critical reflections and calls to action to further develop the transformative potential of CP praxis and name the tendency of settling for ameliorative solutions to problems needing transformative solutions.
Qualitative analysis of Doppler assessment used for surveillance of alloimmunized individuals
Authors: Hannah Christian M. , Tessier Katelyn M. , Contag Stephen A.
Published: October 2022

Objectives

To summarize image quality variables for alloimmunized women at risk for fetal anemia. To investigate the association between image quality with the highest and median middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity (MCA‐PSV) at the last visit and fetal anemia based on hemoglobin.

Study Design

This study was a qualitative retrospective analysis of 192 Doppler ultrasound images used in the detection of fetal anemia in 26 alloimmunized women seen in a Minneapolis hospital over the past 3 years. Images were graded on seven criteria found in literature.

Results

Of the images analyzed, 23 (12.0%) of the 192 met all seven image quality criteria. Using the highest MCA‐PSV value, the sensitivity, and specificity were 55.6% and 94.1%, respectively. Using the median MCA‐PSV value, the sensitivity, and specificity were 44.4% and 94.1%, respectively.

Conclusions

Only a minority of Doppler images meet all suggested image criteria. This could negatively impact the accuracy of the MCA‐PSV measurements as indicated by the decreased sensitivity in our evaluations.
Preparation of photoluminescent nanocomposite ink for detection and mapping of fingermarks
Authors: Snari Razan M. , Pashameah Rami A. , Alatawi Nada M. , Mogharbel Amal T. , Al‐Ahmed Zehbah A. , Abumelha Hana M. , El‐Metwaly Nashwa M.
Published: October 2022

Simple and efficient detection and mapping method based on a strong turn‐on fluorescent pigment was developed for fingerprint analysis. We present a phosphor powder characterized by strong emission which is useful to achieve better fingerprint detection on multicolored or photoluminescent surfaces, such as currency notes characterized by optically changeable inks and highly fluorescent positions, because it offers better contrast and reduce the difficulty of background interference. Novel photochromic ink was prepared to establish a fingerprinted colorless film onto cellulose documents with green emission for anticounterfeiting applications as illustrated by photoluminescence spectra. Inorganic/organic nanoscale composite ink was prepared from rare‐earth doped aluminate phosphor nanoparticles (PNPs; 27–49 nm) dispersed in a polyacrylic acid binding agent. PNPs were dispersed efficiently in polyacrylic acid to generate a colorless mark. The produced photochromic inks were spray‐coated onto off‐white paper sheets enclosing invisible fingermarks, and then exposed to thermofixation. Photochromic film was detected on paper surface presenting a transparent appearance under visible daylight and switchable to green under UV light. The CIE Lab parameters and photoluminescence spectra were studied under visible light and ultraviolet irradiation. The fingerprinted sheets showed fluorescence band at 517 nm upon excitation at 366 nm, showing a bathochromic shift and reversible photochromism without fatigue. The morphologies of pigment phosphor particles and fingerprinted sheets were inspected. The rheological properties of ink and mechanical behavior of the fingerprinted paper samples were explored.

Highlights

Novel smart ink with alkaline‐earth aluminate and polyacrylic acid was developed.

Dual‐mode fluorescent photochromism was presented for latent fingerprint analysis.

Off‐white fingerprinted films under daylight showed color change to green under UV.

Fluorescence band monitored at 517 nm upon excitation at 366 nm.

Fluorescent fingermark on paper sheets demonstrated good photostability.
Energy dispersive X‐ray fluorescence analysis to estimate the maximum temperature reached in burned soils from an Amazonian region
Authors: Rocha Débora Rodrigues , Thomaz Edivaldo Lopes , Urbano Alexandre , Vendrame Pedro Rodolfo Siqueira , Melquiades Fábio Luiz
Published: October 2022

Determining the maximum temperature reached in soil during burning is important when evaluating fire intensity. Forest conversion is an ongoing process in the Amazon ecosystem. It is of utmost importance to predict fire effects on soil properties and avoid damaging environmental systems. Spectroscopic methods combined with multivariate statistics may provide chemical and mineralogical information from soil. This study aims at predicting the maximum temperature reached in Oxisols from an Amazonian region in Brazil. Slash‐and‐burn and pasture samples collected after fire events and unburned forest soil samples submitted to heating (250–800 °C) were investigated. Energy‐dispersive X‐ray fluorescence (EDXRF) was used to acquire chemical data. The experimental procedure is rapid and requires minimal sample preparation and no hazardous chemical reagents. The EDXRF data, combined with partial least squares regression, were applied in controlled‐heated samples from five different sites of forest, pasture, and slash‐and‐burn areas. Estimated temperatures for burned samples ranged from 317 to 609 °C. Considering the instrumental advantages and the achieved results, the use of EDXRF combined with multivariate analysis is a feasible alternative technology to evaluate fire effects in soil.
Report from an online workshop on family physician socialization: Reaffirmation using a hypothetical case
Authors: Taniguchi Shohei , Young Lee , Nakai Tsubasa , Inoue Kazuoki
Published: October 2022

This letter provides a report of our online workshop on the professional socialization of family physicians attended by family medicine residents and staff doctors in Japan. Participants engaged in small group discussions after reading hypothetical cases that threatened the identity of family physicians. Participants considered the importance of reaffirming and improving their strengths during discussions.
The potential of regenerative agriculture to improve soil health on Gotland, Sweden
Authors: Daverkosen Lærke , Holzknecht Alena , Friedel Jürgen K. , Keller Thomas , Strobel Bjarne W. , Wendeberg Annelie , Jordan Sabine
Published: October 2022

Background

Regenerative agriculture has gained attention in mainstream media, academic literature, and international politics in recent years. While many practices and outcomes relate to RA, there is no uniform definition of the term, and only a few comprehensive scientific studies exist of “real‐life” farms and the complexity of what is considered regenerative management and its impact on soil health.

Aims

This study aimed to relate the impact of single and various combinations of regenerative management practices to soil health indicators on Gotland, Sweden.

Methods

Soil health of 17 farm fields and six gardens was assessed on 11 farms that had applied regenerative agricultural practices for zero to 30 years. We measured a variety of physical (bulk density, infiltration rate, wet aggregate stability, root depth and abundance, penetration resistance), chemical (pH, electric conductivity, C:N ratio, total organic carbon) and biological (earthworm abundance, active carbon, microbial biomass carbon) soil indicators. These parameters were related to regenerative practices (reduced tillage, application of organic matter, livestock integration, crop diversity, and share of legumes and perennials) through a combination of hierarchical clustering, Analysis of Variance and Tukey's tests, principal component analysis, and multiple linear regressions.

Results

At our study sites, the application of organic matter had a positive impact on bulk density, carbon‐related parameters, wet aggregate stability, and infiltration rate, while reduced tillage and increased share of perennials combined had a positive impact on vegetation density, root abundance and depth, and wet aggregate stability. The field plots were divided into four clusters according to their management, and we found significantly higher values of total organic carbon (*), C:N (*), infiltration rate (**), and earthworm abundance (*) for crop‐high‐org‐input, the management cluster with highest values of organic matter application and no tillage. We found significantly higher values of vegetation density (***) and root abundance (**) for perm‐cover‐livestock, the cluster with no tillage, integration of livestocks, and permanent cover (*** p < 0.001, ** p < 0.01, *p < 0.05, °p < 0.1).

Conclusions

We support existing knowledge on positive impacts of regenerative practices, namely, the addition of organic amendment that improved carbon‐related parameters, as well as the positive effects on soil structure of reduced tillage in combination with an increased share of perennials. We argue for an outcome‐based, and principle‐led concept of regenerative agriculture as a context‐dependent agricultural approach.
Optimization of Dendrobium officinale flower soft candy preparation and evaluation of its antioxidant activity
Authors: Zhenlin Zhang , Yunjiang Min , Qingqing Xue , Xiaodie Ma
Published: October 2022

Background

The preparation of Dendrobium officinale flower soft candy was optimized based on orthogonal tests, texture profile analysis (TPA), and sensory properties. A concentrated flower extract served as the raw material, with gelatin and agar powder serving as the gelling agent. The optimal amount of each component in the candy was studied. Nutrient content and antioxidant activity were also determined for the soft candy.

Results

The amount of each component in the candy affected the hardness, chewability, toughness, and elasticity. With a total sugar content of 500 g, the soft candies prepared with 30% concentrated flower extract, 15% gelling agent, 25% sweetener, and 0.14% acidulant showed appropriate hardness, springiness, resilience, and chewiness, and this particular preparation achieved the highest sensory score of 90.01. The soft candies contained 2.24% flavonoids and showed free radical scavenging activities against 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) (69.7%) and 2,2‐azido‐bis‐(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS) (61.2%). The candies also contained protein, carbohydrates, sodium, and other nutrients, suggesting that they are suitable for consumption by the general population.

Conclusion

The optimal formulation of the soft candies was determined by orthogonal experiments and exhibited appropriate flavor, texture, and moderate nutritional value.
Effect of cultivar, maturation stage, and year on sugar and phenolic composition of elderberries
Authors: Ferreira Sandrine S. , Silva Pedro , Silva Amélia M. , Nunes Fernando M.
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND

The chemical composition, phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase (PAL), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) activity of the three main Portuguese elderberry cultivars were determined for the first time through five stages of maturation, in different harvesting years, to gain a deeper understanding of the effect of climatic conditions and enzymatic activity involved in the synthesis and degradation of phenolic compounds on the final quality of elderberries.

RESULTS

Simple sugar and anthocyanin content increased with maturation but total acidity and flavonoids content decreased, and cinnamic acids did not show a clear trend. Climatic conditions seem to have a decisive influence on the elderberry maturation, namely the total number of hot (>30 °C) days. The PAL, PPO, and POD activity can explain the differences observed in elderberry phenolic content.

CONCLUSION

These results highlighted the influence of climatic conditions in each harvesting season on elderberry development and quality. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Long‐term manure application enhances organic carbon and nitrogen stocks in Mollisol subsoil
Authors: Abrar Muhammad Mohsin , Shah Syed Atizaz Ali , Sun Nan , Mehmood Khalid , Aziz Tariq , Waqas Muhammad Ahmed , Luo Yiqi , Zhou Baoku , Ma Xingzhu , Xu Minggang , Mustafa Adnan
Published: October 2022

Subsoils contain half of the total soil organic carbon (SOC) that is supposed to be relatively more persistent than that present in the topsoil. Improving SOC and total nitrogen (TN) stocks in croplands is crucial to mitigate climate change and ensuring food security. However, our insight into how the management practices and climatic variables influence stocks of SOC and TN, and crop grain yields in the soil profile is limited. In this study, we assessed the long‐term impacts of mineral and manure fertilizers on SOC and TN stocks at soil profile levels (up to 100 cm), and cropping system (wheat–maize–soybean) grain yields. Results indicated that in the top 0–40‐cm layers SOC and TN stocks were the highest in manure plus mineral fertilizers (MNPK) compared with control, that is, non‐fertilized control (CK). Conversely, compared with NPK, sole application of manure (M) clearly increased SOC stocks by 19%, 40%, and 39% and TN stocks by 51%, 105%, and 116% in 40–60, 60–80, and 80–100 cm, respectively (p < 0.05). Moreover, Pearson correlation revealed that climate variables, that is, mean annual temperature (MAT) affected both SOC and TN stocks in 0–40‐cm layers only of the soil profile. Our findings implicated that the sole application of manure (M) is vital to augment SOC and TN sequestration, particularly in the subsurface layers. However, trade‐offs between SOC and TN sequestration and crop yields should also need to be considered while making recommendations for SOC and TN stocks maintenance and increasing crop productivity in terms of management strategies.