bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mid to Late Holocene Population Trends, Culture Change and Marine Resource Intensification in Western Alaska
Authors: Tremayne Andrew H. , Brown William A.
Published: December 2017

The goal of this project is to understand the influence of population size on human adaptation processes and culture change during the Mid to Late Holocene in Western Alaska. We use a database of 1180 radiocarbon dates ranging from 6000 to 1000 14C years BP and drawn from 805 archaeological components in Alaska to construct a proxy record for relative change in regional and Alaskan metapopulation sizes over time. Our analysis indicates that a major population crash coincided with the disappearance of the Arctic Small Tool tradition (ASTt) and the subsequent emergence of the Norton tradition. The ASTt population began to decline around 3600 cal BP, and by 3500 cal BP it had disappeared almost completely from northern tundra habitats, though it persisted in coastal areas in Northwest and Southwest Alaska for another 500 years. The reduction in human population across Alaska after 3600 cal BP appears linked to a reduced carrying capacity that was perhaps driven by a caribou population crash. Such a shock would have increased population pressure and fostered increased reliance on marine resources, precipitating cultural changes associated with an increasingly complex maritime economy. The sharp decline in ASTt population size reduced the number of cultural role models for this population, resulting in the loss of some of the tradition’s characteristic cultural traits, while the influence of neighboring populations in southern Alaska and across the Bering Strait apparently increased, counteracting this attrition of cultural traits. Holistic explanations of the ASTt-Norton transition must take into account population size, ecological adaptation, and cultural transmission processes, as is true for cultural change more generally.
A Case Study: Was Private William Braine of the 1845 Franklin Expedition a Victim of Tuberculosis? + Supplementary Appendix 1 (See Article Tools)
Authors: Forst Jannine , Brown Terence A.
Published: December 2017

The Franklin expedition set sail in 1845 in search of the Northwest Passage through the Canadian Arctic. During the first winter in the Arctic, three crewmen died of unknown causes. In the 1980s, Dr. Owen Beattie and his colleagues conducted autopsies, which indicated that all three may have suffered from tuberculosis at the time of death. In the present study, a bone sample from one of these individuals, Private William Braine, was analyzed for ancient DNA belonging to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tests based on both the polymerase chain reaction and next-generation sequencing were carried out. The results show that it is unlikely that tuberculosis contributed directly to his death.
Episodic and Systematic Tree Ring-Width Variation (AD 1763–2013) in the Takhini Valley, Southwest Yukon, Canada
Authors: Strong Wayne L
Published: December 2017

A tree-ring analysis of 764 western white spruce (Picea albertiana) in the Takhini Valley of southwest Yukon was conducted to assess short- and long-term variation in growth and local climate. The resulting chronology spanned the period from AD 1763 to 2013. A polynomial regression (R = 0.720, p < 0.001) indicated that the pre-1840 segment of the chronology had below-normal tree ring-width index (RWI) values (average 0.64, with modest variation), but the subsequent segment had greater variation and a steady increase in RWI values (average 0.89) until ~1920. After 1930, RWI values began to increase again (average 1.06) with 51% more variation than had previously occurred. Peak RWI values after 1930 were double those of the early 1800s. RWI values were uncorrelated with air temperature variables (except September minima), but weakly and positively correlated (r < 0.35) with precipitation variables. RWI values were moderately correlated with annual heat-moisture index values (r = −0.415, p < 0.001), although more strongly with RWI values less than 1.1 (R = −0.631, p < 0.001). Therefore, the RWI chronology was interpreted from an ecological moisture-balance perspective, with possible long-term temperature changes estimated from archival sources. The latter suggested a 2.1˚ – 3.1˚C rise since the early 1800s. Extreme RWI values and portions of the chronology were associated with known environmental events.
The effect of 8-week thera-band exercises on male swimmers’ 100 m freestyle swimming performance
Authors: Gönener Ahmet , Gönener Utku , Yılmaz Ozan , Horoz Tuğçe , Demirci Deniz
Published: December 2017

The aim of this study is to investigate 8 weeks Thera-Band trainings' effects on male swimmers' 100 m freestyle swimming performance.The study group is created by 20 (n = 20) licenced male athletes that had trained at least 3 days in a week and have been active in swimming sport at least 3 years in Gebze Genclerbirligi Swimming Club 20 (n = 20). Athletes were divided into experiment group (n = 10) and control group (n = 10) randomly. Training programme was applied to the study group for 55-60 minutes for 3 days on alternate days and times when the club does not have swimming training. 12 different Thera-Band trainings were applied for 40-45 mins and each set was 15 minutes.Mann-Whitney U test was used to analyze differences between groups and Wilcoxon signed rank test was applied for analyzing the differences of intra-groups. SPSS 21.0 Statistics package software was used for statistical analyzes. The results show that there are no significantly differences between experimental group's and control group's post test results. (p>0.05). Statistically significant differences are found as a result of intra-group comparison of the experimental group's pre-test and post-test results (p<0.05).Depending on the results obtained after reviewing the literature, it can be concluded that Thera-Band training is effective on the performance improvement of swimmers aged 13-15 years.
‚China Inbound Service‘
Authors: Haller-Rupf Barbara , Schillo Katrin
Published: December 2017

Der chinesische Outbound-Tourismus bietet Destinationen im alpinen Raum viel Potenzial und stellt sie gleichzeitig vor große Herausforderungen. Es stellt sich die Frage, mit welchem Produkt- und Dienstleitungsangebot und mit welcher Organisationsform die Wertschöpfung in den Destinationen gesteigert werden kann. Im vorliegenden Projekt ‚China Inbound Service‘ werden die mittels Kundenbefragung vor Ort sowie Experten- und Fokusgruppengesprächen gewonnenen Erkenntnisse zu Reiseerwartungen und -verhalten chinesischer FIT-Gäste analysiert. Dabei zeigt sich, dass Gäste, die wiederholt nach Europa kommen, länger in einer Destination bleiben, um Aktivitäten wie Skifahren oder Naturerlebnisse zu genießen. Zudem wurden Instrumente zur Qualitätssteigerung von touristischen Leistungen sowie zur destinationsübergreifenden Angebotsbündelung aller Leistungsträger entworfen.
Das Wurzelerweiterungsaffix
ḥ
im Ägyptischen (und im Afroasiatischen)
Authors: Brose Marc
Published: December 2017

Quite long known in the linguistic research of Ancient Egyptian is an affix ḥ which is used to augment both verbs and nouns, whereas the meaning of that affix could not be figured out in a convincing theory until today. This article gives an overview about the research history in Egyptian and Afroasiatic linguistics, makes an attempt to determine the basic meaning as plural-extensive with several specific nuances when the affix is joined to verbs, like factitive, resultative, adversative. It also discusses diverse theories about its existence in other branches of the Afroasiatic phylum and shows that the recent evidence in these branches is too little and / or too dubitable to postulate such an affix with comparable meaning like the Egyptian one. Otherwise, as it is shown, the Semitic branch has created patterns with similar value, the gemination patterns of the type qVttVl in several varieties and derivations.
Characteristics of a National Level Female Weightlifter Peaking for Competition: A Case Study
Authors: Bazyler Caleb D. , Mizuguchi Satoshi , Zourdos Michael C. , Sato Kimitake , Kavanaugh Ashley A. , DeWeese Brad H. , Breuel Kevin F. , Stone Michael H.
Published: December 2017

Bazyler, CD, Mizuguchi, S, Zourdos, MC, Sato, K, Kavanaugh, AA, DeWeese, BH, Breuel, KF, and Stone, MH. Characteristics of a national level female weightlifter peaking for competition: A case study. J Strength Cond Res 32(11): 3029–3038, 2018—This study investigated physiological and performance changes of a national-level 69 kg female weightlifter after 3 competition phases over a 28-week training period. The athlete first trained for a regional championship (weeks 1–12), followed by a local competition (weeks 13–23) and the national championship (weeks 24–28). Body mass, vastus lateralis cross-sectional area (CSA), and unloaded and loaded squat jump performance were assessed weekly during each 4-week competition phase. Serum biomarkers and dynamic midthigh pulls were assessed before and after each competition phase. Weightlifting performance goals were met for the regional championship (total = 200 kg) and the local competition (total = 193 kg), but not the national championship (total = 196 kg). She lost more body mass in preparation for Nationals (−6.0 kg) compared with regionals (−2.5 kg) and the local competition (+2.2 kg). Vastus lateralis CSA very likely decreased after Nationals (precision = 99%, effect size = 2.08). Her testosterone:cortisol ratio likely increased (88%, 2.64), whereas interleukin-6 (79%, 2.47) and tumor necrosis factor–alpha (81%, 3.59) likely decreased after Nationals. Serum myostatin (99%, 1.95) and decorin (99%, 1.96) very likely decreased after the local competition. Unloaded squat jump height likely increased the week of regionals (89%, 0.95) and the local competition (99%, 1.83), whereas unloaded and loaded squat jump height possibly (69%, 0.99) and likely (82%, 1.52) decreased the week of Nationals. Dynamic midthigh pull vertical displacement likely increased after regionals (93%, 0.84) and likely decreased after Nationals (94%, 0.87). These findings indicate that biomarkers of stress, inflammation, and hypertrophy are related to changes in training volume-load; however, performance measures are needed to assess competition preparedness. Considering the reductions in muscle CSA corresponding with the large reductions in body mass and underperformance at the national championship, sport scientists, and coaches should instruct weightlifters to not attempt large losses in body mass (e.g., >3 kg) close to competition (e.g., <1week).
A Community between Two Nations
Authors: Xiaorong Han
Published: December 2017

By analyzing the materials presented by two opposing sides involved in a recent dispute over the history of the Overseas Chinese Normal School in Hà Nội, this article shows the triangular relationship of the Chinese community in North Vietnam, the North Vietnamese government, and the Chinese government. The author examines how the rise and fall of the normal school, and the confrontations between the two sides involved in the dispute, were closely related to changes in the Sino-Vietnamese relationship.
Developing Images
Authors: Markbreiter Joanna
Published: December 2017

By 1975, thousands of Vietnamese had fled their homeland to settle in America, many carrying only a spare change of clothes and a packet of photographs. This article explores how five Vietnamese-American writers describe these photographic mementos. It contrasts photographic ekphrases with refugee images from the world media, while exploring postcolonial and other theories in this context. Photographs that cross the diaspora, and photographs hidden inside it, can exercise more influence than their material delicacy suggests. Vietnamese-American literary photographs should sit within contemporary visual culture: the interplay between these discourses allows the images to keep developing within the diaspora.
La crítica de los prejuicios en la Ilustración alemana y su recepción en la obra de Kant
Authors: Moscón Pablo
Published: December 2017

La polémica sobre los prejuicios es un símbolo distintivo de la Ilustración alemana. Este artículo presenta aspectos históricos de esta polémica que resultan útiles para esclarecer el pensamiento de Kant. Se argumenta que la posición kantiana respecto de ella, como una polémica en la que convive una perspectiva que busca la liberación de todo prejuicio (Christian Thomasius) y otra que permite que algunos permanezcan, y hasta los estima como útiles (Georg Friedrich Meier), representa un esfuerzo por conciliar ambas perspectivas, y anticipa la distinción planteada en la “Dialéctica trascendental” entre el uso regulativo y constitutivo de las ideas.
Contexto y pensamiento de Charles Taylor sobre el consenso
Authors: Ospina Muñoz Doris Elena
Published: December 2017

El artículo sostiene que el consenso no es un tema de primer orden en la filosofía política de Charles Taylor, pero una lectura orientada al problema puede ofrecer los elementos para establecer una teoría sobre dicha noción e identificar los argumentos para su justificación. Además, se enfatiza en el contexto de discusión que permite introducir la filosofía de Taylor como un modo de pensar sobre el consenso, alternativo al constructivismo.
A ditadura chilena pelas câmeras estrangeiras: a vida social sob a repressão na TV e no cinema internacionais
Authors: De Aguiar Carolina Amaral
Published: December 2017

O golpe de Estado no Chile teve um grande impacto fora das fronteiras nacionais, podendo ser caracterizado como um “evento-mundo”. No caso das televisões e dos cineastas estrangeiros, o 11 de setembro de 1973 motivou a realização de reportagens e filmes que denunciassem a repressão no país sul americano, visando a desconstruir a imagem de um cotidiano “normalizado” que os militares procuravam vender para o exterior. Na segunda metade dos anos 1970, indo mais além da denúncia, essa produção audiovisual estrangeira se dedicou a compreender os processos de recomposição da vida social e de criação de uma nova ideologia nos grupos sociais (especialmente por meio do fortalecimento do gremialismo), fatores que permitiam uma longa duração para o regime de segurança nacional. Diante desse cenário, este artigo analisa fontes audiovisuais filmadas no Chile por diretores estrangeiros logo após o golpe e o posterior documentário feito pela TV suíça Chili: ordre, travail, obéissance (1977), com o objetivo de compreender as representações que esses materiais fazem da cotidianidade durante a ditadura de Pinochet nesses dois momentos. Rodadas sob a vigia da Junta Militar, essas fontes se valeram de muitas cenas da vida cotidiana chilena, já que muitas vezes essas eram as imagens possíveis de serem registradas no contexto da repressão. Porém, montadas no exterior do país, essas cenas foram usadas em filmes e reportagens para contrapor o discurso da “normalização” que os militares desejavam passar para a opinião pública internacional.
“Crímenes que no se pueden punir ni perdonar” – Pensar con Hannah Arendt, en el debate sobre el pasado reciente en Argentina
Authors: Hilb Claudia
Published: December 2017

***“Crimes que não se podem punir ou perdoar” – Pensar com Hannah Arendt, no debate sobre o passado recente na Argentina***O artigo parte de uma frase de Hannah Arendt que se refere a “crimes que não se pode punir nem perdoar”, com o fim de discutir o uso dessa frase para negar toda possibilidade de pensar o tema do perdão nos debates acerca do passado recente na Argentina. Para tanto, propõe-se seguir o percurso dessa frase na obra de Arendt a fim de mostrar de que modo, com as modificações que Arendt imprime a sua reflexão sobre o mal, se modifica também aquilo que se pode pensar sobre a relação entre mal, castigo e perdão.
Rethinking our refugee crisis with Hannah Arendt
Authors: Mahrdt Helgard
Published: December 2017

A Europa encara uma onda de refugiados e migrantes. Resolver os muitos problemas inerentes é principalmente uma tarefa política prática. No entanto, existem experiências existenciais, valores democráticos, atitudes humanas e princípios políticos envolvidos, e este artigo atenta particularmente para três aspectos da crise dos refugiados: (1) o existencial (refiro-me ao filósofo Martin Heidegger e à pensadora política Hannah Arendt), (2) o político (volto-me para os passos da UE em direção a uma política comum de refugiados) e (3) o legal (refiro-me à noção de hospitalidade de Immanuel Kant e às notas de Seyla Benhabib sobre Direitos Humanos). Finalmente, farei uma observação final sobre a tarefa da educação (refiro-me à noção de philia de Hannah Arendt e Aristóteles).
Diálogos fascistas: os fascismos espanhol e alemão e os traumas da Segunda Guerra Mundial
Authors: Bertonha João Fábio
Published: December 2017

SEIXAS, Xosé M. Núñez. Fascismo, guerra e memória: Olhares ibéricos e europeus. Porto Alegre, Santiago de Compostela: EdiPUCRS, USC, 2016.
Amor Mundi – atualidade e recepção da obra de Hannah Arendt
Authors: Heuer Wolfgang , Liebel Vinícius
Published: December 2017

Apresentação do Dossiê Amor Mundi - Atualidade e Recepção de Hannah Arendt.
A fogyás motivációi súlycsökkentő kezelésben részt vevők körében
Authors: Czeglédi Edit
Published: December 2017

Abstract:

Introduction: Unrealistic expectations about weight goal and about weight loss-related benefits can hinder the effort for a successful long-term weight control. Aim: To explore weight loss-related goals and their background among overweight/obese patients. Method: Study sample consisted of patients who participated in the inpatient weight loss treatment in the Lipidological Department of Szent Imre Hospital (n = 339, 19% men). Mean age: 50.2 years (SD = 13.47 years), mean BMI: 38.6 (SD = 7.58). Measures: self-reported anthropometric data, type and number of treated illnesses, Goals and Relative Weights Questionnaire, Motivations for Weight Loss Scale, Body Shape Questionnaire. Results: Participants would feel disappointed with a possible 10% weight loss in a half-year time span. The acceptable weight loss percentage was higher among women, younger participants and among those who had more excess weight. Motivation regarding the increase in social desirability by weight loss is in association with body dissatisfaction, health related motivation is in association with the number of treated illnesses. Conclusions: Our results are contributing to the understanding of motivational factors behind weight reduction efforts, considering these can improve treatment success rates. Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(49): 1960–1967.
No Place Like Home: The Impact on Medical Students of an Interprofessional Home Visit Experience with Pharmacy Students
Authors: Misra Sanghamitra M. , Teal Cayla , Hatfield Catherine , Major Anita , Waterhouse Alero , Gill Anne
Published: December 2017

This article was migrated. The article was not marked as recommended. Medical and pharmacy schools are required to train learners using interprofessional education (IPE) to meet accrediting requirements and to enhance the learning experience. Standards for optimal IPE learning have not yet been clearly identified. During a year-long course, 135 third-year medical students participated in a clinical home visit experience with third-year pharmacy students and a geriatrician or geriatric nurse practitioner. Six weeks after the home visits, medical students completed a survey about the value of the experience. In addition, at both the beginning and end of the third-year course, medical students completed a survey of attitudes about physicians and other health care providers, including pharmacists. Interdisciplinary work was significantly less valuable than the other aspects of the home visit (p < 0.001). The top three learning elements were: (1) close contact with the patient, (2) experience of the practitioner, and (3) debriefing after the visit. IPE is an important avenue to enhance education at all levels and in multiple areas of medical education. However, consideration of the learning environment is imperative to success of any IPE experience. This study is one of the first to demonstrate that the setting of the experience is at least as important and may be more important than length of interaction, types of faculty involved, level of learners, and preparation for all parties in the design of an IPE experience.
Bioatividade das substâncias húmicas extraídas de solos manejados com integração, lavoura, pecuária e floresta
Authors: Baldotto Marihus Altoé , Souza Aline da Costa , Viana Maria Celuta Machado , Almeida Débora Durães de , Baldotto Lílian Estrela Borges
Published: December 2017

RESUMO A matéria orgânica humificada apresenta bioatividade semelhante à das auxinas. Contudo, são necessárias informações sobre a capacidade de estímulo vegetal das substâncias húmicas extraídas de solos manejados com sistemas integrando lavoura, pecuárias e florestas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho inicial do milho em resposta à aplicação de concentrações de substâncias húmicas isoladas em solos manejados com sistema de integração lavoura, pecuária e florestas, aplicadas por via da semente. Sementes de milho variedade AG 1051 foram tratadas por 16 horas, em soluções contendo 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 e 80 mmol L-1 de carbono na forma de substâncias húmicas. Em seguida, foram plantadas em vasos de 1 dm3, com solo corrigido e fertilizado, em casa de vegetação. Foram avaliadas características de crescimento da parte aérea e do sistema radicular. Observou-se que as substâncias húmicas extraídas de solos submetidos a integração lavoura, pecuária e florestas apresentaram efeitos positivos no desempenho inicial do milho, incrementando o acúmulo de matéria seca das plantas, em comparação com o efeito das substâncias extraídas de solos do controle, na área degradada inicial (133%), do cerrado (29%), bem como do eucalipto (30%) e da pastagem plantada solteira (56%).
A quem se dirigem os editoriais? Um estudo acerca de personagens e instituições mencionadas pelos jornais O Estado de S. Paulo e Folha de S. Paulo
Authors: Mont’Alverne Camila
Published: December 2017

Resumo A literatura sobre jornalismo político indica que aqueles agentes ocupando cargos de maior hierarquia tendem a dispor de maior cota de visibilidade no noticiário. A fim de esclarecer as relações entre o cargo ocupado pelo agente político ou o fato de tratar-se de uma instituição e o grau de visibilidade do qual se dispõe, este artigo busca compreender como funcionam os parâmetros de escolha editorial, por meio de mapeamento das personagens e instituições mencionadas por 185 editoriais dos jornais O Estado de S. Paulo e Folha de S. Paulo sobre o Congresso Nacional. O trabalho propõe três hipóteses: H1 - há correlação positiva entre tratar-se de uma instituição e a quantidade de menções recebidas nos editoriais; H2 - há correlação positiva entre ocupar cargo nos campos político e econômico ou no Judiciário e a quantidade de menções recebidas nos editoriais; e H3 - uma vez que os editoriais compondo o corpus tratam do Congresso Nacional, as duas Casas (Câmara e Senado) e os agentes integrantes do Legislativo são os mais mencionados pelas peças. Para testar as hipóteses, utilizou-se estatística descritiva. Também se aplicou um teste-t, uma regressão múltipla e observou-se o valor-p para os dados. Apenas a primeira hipótese foi confirmada por completo, enquanto a segunda foi refutada e a terceira foi confirmada em parte. Os dados contradizem a literatura sobre jornalismo político. Apenas agentes políticos muito poderosos, a exemplo do presidente da República, obtêm visibilidade nos editoriais, pois se priorizam menções a instituições. Assim, o jornalismo político praticado nos editoriais dirige-se a agentes políticos detentores de poder de decisão ou a instituições significativas para a democracia e para o sistema político do país, tornando o acesso à esfera de visibilidade pública ainda mais restrito.
INTERDISCIPLINARIDADE E INTERPROFISSIONALIDADE NA ESTRATÉGIA SAÚDE DA FAMÍLIA
Authors: Farias Danyelle Nóbrega de , Ribeiro Kátia Suely Queiroz Silva , Anjos Ulisses Umbelino dos , Brito Geraldo Eduardo Guedes de
Published: December 2017

Resumo A interdisciplinaridade e sua correlação prática, a interprofissionalidade, são essenciais ao trabalho na Estratégia Saúde da Família. Objetivou-se caracterizar a perspectiva interdisciplinar na Estratégia Saúde da Família numa capital do Brasil, relacionando-a à interprofissionalidade. Realizou-se estudo transversal, exploratório e descritivo, com abordagens qualitativa e quantitativa. Os dados foram coletados no período de junho a novembro de 2014 por meio de questionários e observação participante. Os resultados do questionário foram convertidos em escores, permitindo classificar o nível de interdisciplinaridade. Os achados da observação, registrados no diário de campo, foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo e discutidos em paralelo com os achados quantitativos. Constatou-se, nos questionários, que a dimensão ‘acolhimento’ foi a única que apresentou média disponibilidade para práticas que poderiam viabilizar a interdisciplinaridade. Os resultados apontaram que a percepção dos profissionais de saúde sobre interdisciplinaridade foi positiva, mas verificaram-se contradições desses achados com o observado in locus. Na observação participante, constatou-se que os profissionais precisam trilhar alguns caminhos no sentido de materializar a interdisciplinaridade em práticas interprofissionais colaborativas. Destaca-se a necessidade de ações em nível da gestão que favoreçam essas práticas; a educação permanente como estratégia de enfrentamento das dificuldades de integração; e o investimento subjetivo dos trabalhadores na mesma direção.
Promoção da saúde de adolescentes e Programa Saúde na Escola: complexidade na articulação saúde e educação
Authors: Brasil Eysler Gonçalves Maia , Silva Raimunda Magalhães da , Silva Maria Rocineide Ferreira da , Rodrigues Dafne Paiva , Queiroz Maria Veraci Oliveira
Published: December 2017

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar o contexto da promoção da saúde com adolescentes na interface saúde e educação focando as ações do Programa Saúde na Escola. Método Estudo qualitativo realizado em 2015, com profissionais que trabalham na Coordenadoria Executiva Regional IV, em Fortaleza, Ceará. Os dados obtidos na entrevista foram processados no programa ALCESTE. Resultados Participaram do estudo 17 profissionais da saúde e 22 da educação. A organização da demanda espontânea ocasiona desarmonia nos atendimentos agendados e nas ações de saúde na escola. Demonstraram-se as dificuldades na implementação do Programa Saúde na Escola pelo desconhecimento, pela falta de planejamento entre os setores e pelas demarcações diferentes no território. Conclusão O desconhecimento dos profissionais sobre o programa e a falta de planejamento das ações confirmam a desarticulação dos setores educação e saúde, embora sinalizem possibilidades desta prática intersetorial.
Modeling on magnetoelectric effect of functional piezoelectric dielectric
Authors: Zhang Jia-Wei , Guo Hong-Yan , Geng Wei-Xing , Liu Chun-Ling , Liu Rui-Tong
Published: December 2017

In the context of wireless magnetoelectric devices based on functional dielectrics, this paper focuses on investigating the magnetoelectric response of a magnetic actuator by comparing simulation results and experimental results. Multiphysics modeling of the magnetic actuator – composed of a piezoelectric bender coated with silver electrodes, a lock-in amplifier and magnetic poles – is carried out using the finite-element method and multiphysics modules. Due to the direct coupling of the piezoelectric layer and the Lorentz force induced by eddy currents in the silver electrodes, a magnetoelectric voltage was generated on the suspended piezoelectric bender. The good agreement between the experimental data and the simulation results demonstrates the coupling between eddy-current-induced Lorentz forces in the silver electrodes and the piezoelectric layer. The proposed prototype is based on the magnetoelectric functional dielectric without the magnetic phase and also without applying a power source, so that it could be low cost, have linear feedback and be practical. These features make it a candidate prototype for a new type of magnetoelectric actuators and sensors.
Natural frequency and damping ratio of steel plate–concrete walls with inclined studs under forced oscillation
Authors: Lim Jin-Sun , Jeong Young-Do , Yi Seong-Tae
Published: December 2017

The natural frequency and damping ratio of steel plate–concrete (SC) walls subjected to forced oscillation were analytically reviewed to determine the effects of stud shape and spacing on the behaviour of SC walls. Nine finite-element (FE) analyses were conducted considering different stud shapes and spacings. Shear-dominated (SC-S) and flexure-dominated (SC-M) FE models of SC walls were considered, and the non-linearity of the contact, the connection and the material properties were used. To verify the adequacy of the analytical model and the feasibility of the proposed analysis method, the results of laboratory experiments conducted by other researchers were compared with the analytical results. It was found that the damping ratio obtained from time history analyses showed an overall high value with the half-power bandwidth method and the lowest value with the fitted exponential curve method. For SC-S, for a load of half of the design strength, the damping ratio was approximately 3·0–4·2% while, for the design strength, it was approximately 4·1–5·2%. For SC-M, the ratios were 2·6–3·6% and 3·3–4·5%, respectively. When newly developed studs were used, the damping ratio was slightly reduced and the results for the two developed studs were not consistent. When the distance between studs was increased more than was necessary, the natural frequency reduced and the damping ratio increased.
Lessons from transforming a South African special-purpose vehicle into a project implementation agency
Authors: Muller Mike
Published: December 2017

The Trans-Caledon Tunnel Authority was established in 1986 as a special-purpose vehicle to implement the South African side of the binational Lesotho Highlands Water Project. In 2000, it was transformed into a generic public project implementing agency. In this role, it has funded and implemented the timely and economical delivery of large strategic water projects. Its implementation methodologies avoided many of the risks associated with such projects, due largely to the disciplines imposed by its financing model. However, the organisation remains subject to political uncertainties, which means that its project pipeline is dependent on unpredictable mandates, which limits its ability to plan its operations. It nevertheless provides a useful case study of the mobilisation of private finance for public sector infrastructure projects as well as the political challenges inherent in public sector institutional reform.
Briefing: High-performance computing for city-scale modelling and simulations
Authors: Soga Kenichi , Casey Gerard , Kumar Krishna , Zhao Bingyu
Published: December 2017

Smarter cities and infrastructure are essential if the world is to respond effectively to the critical challenges it faces. As of 2008, and for the first time in human history, more than half of the world's population now live in cities. Yet cities increasingly need to be able to do more with less, to provide for the well-being of their citizens in a truly sustainable way. City-scale simulations are becoming a possibility with advancements in the computing hardware and software technologies. Recent advancements in distributed scaling using Apache Spark is exemplified through a case-study on simulating the traffic flow behaviour of London at per-hour time resolution. The case-study on the response of ground and structures in central Tokyo shows the advancements in multigrid techniques and Finite Element simulations. This paper discusses the advancements and challenges in high-performance computing (hardware, algorithms, software, and visualisation techniques) in achieving the possibility of real-time city-scale simulations.
From Confrontation to Cooperation: The London Debt Agreement of 1953 and Later Debt Crises
Authors: Rombeck-Jaschinski Ursula
Published: December 2017

From Confrontation to Cooperation: The London Debt Agreement of 1953 and Later Debt Crises

The London Debt Agreement of 27 February 1953 managed to solve the complex problem of German foreign debt of the pre- and post-war periods. The initiative for an international debt conference came from the Allies. But Germany also had a vested interest in regulating its debt, so as to be granted access to the global capital market once more. Contrary to all prior concerns, the settlement was finalised without a hitch. Most of the obligations were even paid back ahead of time. Since the 1990s public interest in the Agreement has been reignited. It has been repeatedly proposed as a solution to contemporary debt crises. At first, the London settlement was considered as a potential answer to debt crises in the Third World. One-World activists demanded that the countries in question should be relieved of a large part of their debt in the spirit of London 1953. It is frequently overlooked that the London Agreement did not specify a cut in capital for private pre-war debt, but instead a modification of interest and duration periods. Even in the current debt crisis, which originated in 2010, the London Agreement is frequently cited as a possible solution. The German government is often criticised in the foreign press for its uncompromising attitude on debt relief, especially towards weaker members of the Eurozone, and is called on to remember its recent history. When this happens, however, the special historic circumstances of the 1950s are usually not taken into account. Greece and other debtor countries, as part of the Eurozone, no longer have control over a national currency. The crisis of one country always impacts the community of the Eurozone as a whole. In light of this, it is rather misleading to take the London Agreement as a blueprint for the solution of contemporary debt crises. However, the discussion in the international press continues on whether the London Debt Agreement can serve as a model in the present crisis.
The Paradox of the 1970s: The Renaissance of International Banking and the Rise of Public Debt
Authors: Altamura Carlo Edoardo
Published: December 2017

The Paradox of the 1970s: The Renaissance of International Banking and the Rise of Public Debt

The 1970s is a paradoxical decade. On the one hand, it marked the gradual demise of the industrial society and the end of the «Golden Age» of capitalism. On the other hand, the decade saw the renaissance of international banking and finance after almost half a century of retreat, thanks to the explosive growth of the Eurodollar market. International banking, which had remained dormant since the 1930s, gradually re-emerged from its ashes as banking institutions started to reconsider their domestic orientation. The growth of the Eurodollar market and the process of banking internationalisation were crucially accelerated by the first oil crisis when private commercial banks replaced public institutions in the intermediation of capital flows between surplus and deficit countries with Eurobonds and, especially, Euroloans. Foreign borrowing provided a relief to nearly all the problems that the monetary and energy crisis had aggravated or created. The side effect to that panacea was the delegation of increasing power to the banking and financial sectors by «privatising» the monetary and financial circuit, and by tying once and for all the destiny of the developing world to the interests of commercial banks. The paper will address the paradox of the 1970s to argue that a clear link exists between the industrial crisis and the renaissance of finance.
Financialisation and the Pension System: Lessons from the United States and the Netherlands
Authors: van der Zwan Natascha
Published: December 2017

Financialisation and the Pension System: Lessons from the United States and the Netherlands

The articles explores the financialisation of private pensions in the United States and the Netherlands. It proposes two distinct arguments. First, the article shows that both the American and the Dutch pension systems stand out internationally for their high degrees of capitalisation and the absence of substantive investment restrictions for pension funds. The article posits that both pension systems are highly financialised, yet the process of financialisation has proceeded along different historical paths and within different institutional contexts. Secondly, the article maintains that the financialisation of pension systems is accompanied by its own political dynamics. In both political economies, different groups of actors (employers, labour unions, financial professionals) have made claims over the growing concentration of pension assets. Here, particular emphasis is given to the role of the state. It shows how since the mid-1970s, both American and Dutch pension funds have altered their investment strategies, abandoning public debt as the dominant investment category. The article explains this change in terms of the rising popularity of modern portfolio theory and the immense growth of pension capital in need of new investment options. As austerity politics have made governments more dependent on financial markets, pension funds have become more assertive in leveraging their assets and demanding political reform which are in the interest of the financial industries. Financialisation has thus fundamentally altered the balance of power between the state and financial market actors.
Current prophylactic perioperative antibiotic guidelines in trauma: a review of the literature and outcome data
Authors: Hadzikadic Lejla
Published: December 2017

A comprehensive review of prophylactic use of perioperative antibiotics in trauma from the 1970s to the present was performed. Evidence based guidelines were used to analyze the data from the past 32 years and define standards of care in the field. Recommendations and suggestions are provided to offer guidelines for prophylactic antibiotic use in trauma. Highlighted topics include general trauma surgery, with focus placed on abdominal and thoracic surgery in trauma, and non-trauma surgery, including subspecialties, for comparison.
Depression in Adolescents: Current Treatments, Suicidality and Evaluation of Novel Treatment Strategies
Authors: Smajkic Amer
Published: December 2017

Multiple studies have examined the age of onset of major depression, indicating it is most frequent in adolescence and young adulthood. In this context, the offspring of depressed parents have a 2 to 4 time increased risk for depression compared with children of non-depressed parents.Treatment for depression in adolescents can be divided into psychosocial, psychopharmacologic, somatic and combined psychosocial-psychopharmacologic, psychosocial-psychosomatic and psychopharmacologic-psychosomatic.Depression in the children and adolescent population has been an area of research for over 20 years. Among novel therapeutic strategies, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has demonstrated the most favorable side effect profile. Until this time there are no published suicide attempts associated with this treatment and it may offer an option that is not associated with stigma of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) or medications. Further research may provide more access to this therapy and hope to children, adolescents with depression and their families.
RNAqueous with DNAse Clean-up by Phenol:Chloroform v1
Authors: Richter Dan
Published: December 2017

February, 2012, based on RNAqueous May 29, 2008 protocol revision C, TURBO DNA-free June 9, 2009 protocol 1907M revision F, phenol/chloroform protocol (http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2010/6/pdb.prot5438.full), ethanol precipitation protocol (http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2010/6/pdb.prot5440.full)
RNAqueous with No DNAse, DNA Removal by Acid Phenol:Chloroform v1
Authors: Richter Dan
Published: December 2017

March, 2012, based on RNAqueous May 29, 2008 protocol revision C, phenol/chloroform protocol (http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2010/6/pdb.prot5438.full), ethanol precipitation protocol (http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2010/6/pdb.prot5440.full)
RNA clean-up by phenol:chloroform v1
Authors: J. Richter Daniel
Published: December 2017

Phenol: chloroform extraction to clean up RNA ( e.g. to remove DNAse or DNAse Inactivation Reagent.) Based on phenol/chloroform protocol (http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2010/6/pdb.prot5438.full), ethanol precipitation protocol (http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2010/6/pdb.prot5440.full)
modified Bradford procedure for residual protein testing in enzyme catalysis synthesis products v1
Authors: Cui Yongbo
Published: December 2017

Provideamodified Bradford method to determine the residual protein content in the bio-synthesis product. The product may be obtained from enzymatic reactionandextractfrom organic solvent, and /or insoluble in water.
Molluscum contagiosum virus real-time PCR v2
Authors: A Northill Judy , Simmons Russell , M Mackay Ian
Published: December 2017

A real-time PCR method for the detection of Molluscum contagiosum virus from human samples. This assay targets the MC021L gene and detects both subtype 1 and 2 of the virus.
Transcriptome sequencing of 19 diverse species of choanoflagellates v1
Authors: J. Richter Daniel , Fozouni Parinaz , Eisen Michael , King Nicole
Published: December 2017

The origin of animals, which occurred over 600 million years ago, left no evidence in the fossil record. To trace the earliest events in animal prehistory, we compare extant animals to their closest living relatives, the choanoflagellates, in order to reconstruct the gene content of their last common ancestor and how it evolved on the stem lineage leading to animals. In this project, we increase the accuracy of ancestral animal and choanoflagellate gene content reconstructions by sequencing the transcriptomes of 19 species of choanoflagellates selected for their phylogenetic diversity.
Primary culture of nodose ganglion neurons from mouse v1
Authors: DFF Fernández-Fernández Diego , Cadaveira Alba , Reboreda Antonio , Rivas-Ramírez Paula , Antonio Lamas J.
Published: December 2017

The present protocol explains how to prepare a primary culture of isolated neurons from the mouse nodose ganglion.
Unifying Constructionist Intercultural Competence through a Complex Systems Perspective
Authors: Piątkowska Katarzyna , Strugielska Ariadna
Published: December 2017

Research on intercultural education very often falls short of its expectations in the ways it strives to correlate different variables affecting the elements of intercultural competence with learning outcomes. In this article, we discuss intercultural competence from a constructionist perspective, where intercultural competence is viewed from a complex systems approach, i.e. its understanding is constructed by learners influenced by context. Thus, our aim is to define shared meanings between intercultural competence and complex systems peculiar to both paradigms. The article first describes the notion of meaning construction in intercultural competence, pointing to the affinities of intercultural competence and complex systems theory. Then, we demonstrate how constructionist intercultural competence and the theory of complex systems can be applied to research in an educational setting.
Developing a Religious E-program for Student Self-learning of Culture and Translation
Authors: Shih Chung-ling
Published: December 2017

Scanty research has been conducted on the development and assessment of religious e-programs for students’ self-learning of culture and translation, so this research investigates the effectiveness of an education-oriented e-program of poetic divination lots. Drawing on e-learning concepts as theoretical guidance, an e-program was developed by converting religious materials into a digital, multimedia program for cultural and translation learning, featuring a blend of verbal, visual and audio elements, not reduced to verbal presentations. To evaluate its effectiveness, a questionnaire-based survey was conducted. As high as 93.3% of respondents express that they are satisfied with the content design as they can learn Chinese cultural references and allusive stories. The same high appreciates the program’s conceptual impact as they realize the reformative role of religious materials. Meanwhile, as high as 90% of respondents agree to learn translation by contrasting Chinese texts and their English translations and identify their linguistic differences. However, only 76.7% of respondents support e-learning features, suggesting some room for future improvements in the multimedia technology. Overall, since the findings show a generally positive reception, we cannot overemphasize the value of innovating traditional religious materials with new technologies for student self-learning of culture and translation.
The Investigation of the English Grammar Learning Strategy of High School Students in China
Authors: Zhou Zhen
Published: December 2017

The article conducts a questionnaire survey and interview on the students in a high school in Hubei Province of China. The result indicates that the level of high school students’ grammar learning strategy is low. Among the three factors of grammar learning strategy, the cognitive strategy ranks first, then the meta-cognitive strategy and social-affective strategy. And the grammar learning strategy is not correlated with English grammar achievement. The research result demonstrates that there is great difference between female students and male students in English grammar strategy using and grammar score. This outcome is conducive to knowing better about high school students’ condition of grammar learning strategy using, and supplying some reference for enhancing the high school English teaching efficiency.
The Social Semiotic Analysis of Translation of Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness Based on Peircean Model
Authors: Noroozi Iraj , Tork Somayeh
Published: December 2017

The aim of the present article is to investigate the meaning of the signs in Persian translation of Heart of Darkness. To reach the desired goal, the researcher has used social semiotics and Peirce’s triadic sign model as the theoretical framework. In the current study, Peirce semiotics has been used for detecting signs. After detection 50 signs, the researcher used Peirce’s triadic sign model for analyzing the translation of each sign. The researcher decoded the signs to identify their components and analyzed them in social semiotic level to clarify whether they have the same impression on the Persian version of Heart of Darkness as their English source or not. After performing data analysis, it was cleared that 37 signs (out of 50) in the corpus of the study have the same effect and meaning in the target text as what they have in the source text.
Teachers’ Intervention in Developing English Majors’ Critical Thinking When Teaching Writing in Chinese Universities
Authors: Hu Mingzhu
Published: December 2017

Developing English major students’ critical thinking is very important to the development of students’ overall competence. Compared with other language skills, writing asks for more critical thinking skills, and in turn writing is a proper media for teachers to develop student’s critical thinking skills. From English major students’ writing pieces, we can tell that most of the writing problems are related with the deficiency of critical thinking skills. Therefore, in different stages of writing teaching, teachers should intervene in students’ learning and practicing by proper and purposeful directing and instructing so as to impel students to think critically and to write critically. And gradually students’ critical thinking skills of interpretation, analysis, explanation, inference, evaluation and self-calibration will get improved.