bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New Fronts in the Culture Wars? Religion, Partisanship, and Polarization on Religious Liberty and Transgender Rights in the United States
Authors: Castle Jeremiah
Published: December 2018

Beginning in the 1960s, the United States experienced religious and partisan conflict over cultural issues such as abortion that was described as a “Culture War.” Recent, highly salient battles over religious liberty and transgender rights have led the media to characterize these issues as “new fronts in the culture war,” thereby giving reason to revisit the culture wars debate. In this article, I test whether the public is polarized on religious liberty and transgender rights, as well as whether these issues share the same underlying structure of public opinion as traditional culture wars issues. Using a dataset from the Pew Research Center, I find that a substantial subset of Americans hold polarized views on these issues, and that religion and party are important factors in explaining that polarization. The results suggest that the religious and partisan divides that fueled the original “culture wars” remain an important factor in American politics.
Treatment of Aggression in an Adult With Intellectual Disability and Physical Impairment Through Function-Based Ambulatory Support
Authors: Harper Jill M. , Luiselli James K.
Published: December 2018

We report the case of a man who had intellectual disability and physical impairment, required assistance from care-providers when ambulating, and demonstrated aggression during transitions between locations. Results of a functional analysis suggested that aggression was negatively reinforced by termination of transition-assisted guidance from care-providers. Intervention evaluation found that aggression during transitions was eliminated by providing the man with ambulatory support through a gait-trainer device that removed the need for care-provider assistance. The case study supports and extends previous research on the analysis and treatment of problem behaviors occurring during environmental transitions.
Benjamin’s ‘flâneur’ and serial murder: An ultra-realist literary case study of Levi Bellfield
Authors: Lynes Adam , Kelly Craig , Uppal Pravanjot Kapil Singh
Published: December 2018

This article seeks to develop criminological theory with the application of a literary device known as the ‘flâneur’ – an individual described as a ‘stroller’ – to serial murderer Levi Bellfield. With this application of the ‘flâneur’ to the phenomenon of serial murder, this article provides a fresh theoretical ‘lens’, and specifically sheds light on how particular serial murderers operate and evade detection in modern society. The importance of modernity to the phenomenon of serial murder is also considered utilizing Ultra-Realist theory, resulting in both a micro and macro examination into how the modern urban landscape has subsequently created an environment in which the serial killer both operates and comes to fruition. This synthesis between the application of literary devices, criminological theory and socio-cultural concepts not only raises important and previously neglected questions pertaining to serial murder, but also assists in forming the more sinister relative of the flâneur: the ‘dark flâneur’.
A Causal Review of Dynamics in Indian Ports
Authors: Sinha Deepankar , Bagodi Virupaxi
Published: December 2018

India has about 200 ports along its coastline, which is about 7,500 kilometres long. However, none of these ports feature in the world’s top 20. Several studies on port efficiency indicate the need to benchmark the productivity of ports with global standards. Productivity is measured in terms of cargo (in tonnes, or 20-foot equivalent unit, TEU) handled per hour or so. The outcome of enhanced productivity is quicker turnaround time of ships. The productivity of the major Indian ports does not match the global standards. In order to improve their efficiency, the government-managed ports have initiated privatization of their terminals and outsourcing of cargo handling services since 1991. Yet, the ports are lagging behind major ports across the world. A major reason for the inefficiencies of the Indian ports is because of its pricing mechanism and its ability to take proactive decision, especially with regard to capacity enhancement of the terminals. This is so because in major Indian ports, the ship pays for the number of days it stays in the berth. In inefficient ports, ships stay for long duration and as a result the port earns on account of its inefficiencies. These ports fail to recognize the paradox, and as such take corrective action only after ships divert to other ports. Ports projects have long gestation periods. So far, no study encompassing the dimensions port pricing, productivity and efficiency has been undertaken by researchers. In this article we attempt to explore the causes that affect the performance of Indian ports. We present a cause and effect analysis to explain the dynamics arising out of the interactions of productivity, infrastructure, and pricing mechanism of an Indian port system. A system dynamics framework has been used to develop the causal model. Four feedback loops were identified, which explain the governing rules and the paradoxes impacting the performance of Indian ports.
“We Tie Up the Loose Ends”: Homecare Nursing in a Changing Health Care Landscape
Authors: Melby Line , Obstfelder Aud , Hellesø Ragnhild
Published: December 2018

During the last decades, the work of homecare nurses has been affected by several changes, including an aging population, the decentralization of health care, nursing recruitment crises and the scarcity of public resources. Few scholars have analyzed how these changes have impacted homecare nursing. In this article, we describe and discuss aspects of homecare nurses’ work, with specific focus on nurses “organising work.” We outline three phenomena that are increasingly occurring: (a) homecare nurses are frequently involved in negotiating care level and, consequently, what kind of care the patient will receive; (b) homecare nurses’ clinical practice has become increasingly advanced; and (c) and homecare nurses play an important role in coordinating care among interdependent actors. The article draws on material from participant observation and interviews with homecare nurses in two Norwegian studies. Changes in work practice increase the demand for nurses to be competent and have excellent organizational and collaborative skills.
Affimer proteins as a tool to modulate fibrinolysis, stabilize the blood clot, and reduce bleeding complications
Authors: Kearney Katherine J. , Pechlivani Nikoletta , King Rhodri , Tiede Christian , Phoenix Fladia , Cheah Ramsah , Macrae Fraser L. , Simmons Katie J. , Manfield Iain W. , Smith Kerrie A. , Spurgeon Benjamin E. J. , Naseem Khalid M. , Ariens Robert A. S. , McPherson Michael J. , Tomlinson Darren C. , Ajjan Ramzi A.
Published: December 2018

Bleeding complications secondary to surgery, trauma, or coagulation disorders are important causes of morbidity and mortality. Although fibrin sealants are considered to minimize blood loss, this is not widely adopted because of its high cost and/or risk for infection. We present a novel methodology employing nonantibody fibrinogen-binding proteins, termed Affimers, to stabilize fibrin networks with the potential to control excessive bleeding. Two fibrinogen-specific Affimer proteins, F5 and G2, were identified and characterized for their effects on clot structure/fibrinolysis, using turbidimetric and permeation analyses and confocal and electron microscopy. Binding studies and molecular modeling identified interaction sites, whereas plasmin generation assays determined effects on plasminogen activation. In human plasma, F5 and G2 prolonged clot lysis time from 9.8 ± 1.1 minutes in the absence of Affimers to 172.6 ± 7.4 and more than 180 minutes (P < .0001), respectively, and from 7.6 ± 0.2 to 28.7 ± 5.8 (P < .05) and 149.3 ± 9.7 (P < .0001) minutes in clots made from purified fibrinogen. Prolongation in fibrinolysis was consistent across plasma samples from healthy control patients and individuals at high bleeding risk. F5 and G2 had a differential effect on clot structure and G2 profoundly altered fibrin fiber arrangement, whereas F5 maintained physiological clot structure. Affimer F5 reduced fibrin-dependent plasmin generation and was predicted to bind fibrinogen D fragment close to tissue plasminogen activator (tPA; residues γ312-324) and plasminogen (α148-160) binding sites, thus interfering with tPA–plasminogen interaction and representing 1 potential mechanism for modulation of fibrinolysis. Our Affimer proteins provide a novel methodology for stabilizing fibrin networks with potential future clinical implications to reduce bleeding risk.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Propofol suppresses growth, migration and invasion of A549 cells by down-regulation of miR-372
Authors: Sun Hai , Gao Dengyu
Published: December 2018

Background

Propofol, a commonly used intravenous anesthetic during cancer resection surgery, has been found to exhibit tumor inhibitory effects in vitro and in vivo. The role of propofol in lung cancer has been previously reported, whereas its action mechanism remains unclear. This study further investigated the effects of propofol on lung cancer A549 cell growth, migration and invasion, as well as the underlying mechanisms.

Methods

Cell viability, proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis were assessed by CCK-8 assay, BrdU assay, two chamber transwell assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The regulatory effect of propofol on microRNA-372 (miR-372) expression in A549 cells was analyzed by qRT-PCR. Cell transfection was used to change the expression of miR-372. The protein expression of key factors involving in cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion, as well as Wnt/β-catenin and mTOR pathways were analyzed by western blotting.

Results

Propofol inhibited lung cancer A549 cell viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion, but promoted cell apoptosis. Moreover, miR-372 was down-regulated in propofol-treated A549 cells. Overexpression of miR-372 abrogated the effects of propofol on proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis of A549 cells. Knockdown of miR-372 had opposite effects. Furthermore, propofol suppressed Wnt/β-catenin and mTOR signaling pathways by down-regulating miR-372.

Conclusion

Propofol inhibits growth, migration and invasion of lung cancer A549 cells at least in part by down-regulating miR-372 and then inactivating Wnt/β-catenin and mTOR pathways.
Evidence for a southward autumn migration of nocturnal noctuid moths in central Europe
Authors: Dreyer David , el Jundi Basil , Kishkinev Dmitry , Suchentrunk Carina , Campostrini Lena , Frost Barrie J. , Zechmeister Thomas , Warrant Eric J.
Published: December 2018

Insect migrations are spectacular natural events and resemble a remarkable relocation of biomass between two locations in space. Unlike the well-known migrations of daytime flying butterflies, such as the painted lady (Vanessa cardui) or the monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus), much less widely known are the migrations of nocturnal moths. These migrations – typically involving billions of moths from different taxa – have recently attracted considerable scientific attention. Nocturnal moth migrations have traditionally been investigated by light trapping and by observations in the wild, but in recent times a considerable improvement in our understanding of this phenomenon has come from studying insect orientation behaviour, using vertical-looking radar. In order to establish a new model organism to study compass mechanisms in migratory moths, we tethered each of two species of central European Noctuid moths in a flight simulator to study their flight bearings: the red underwing (Catocala nupta) and the large yellow underwing (Noctua pronuba). Both species had significantly oriented flight bearings under an unobscured view of the clear night sky and in the Earth's natural magnetic field. Red underwings oriented south-southeast, while large yellow underwings oriented southwest, both suggesting a southerly autumn migration towards the Mediterranean. Interestingly, large yellow underwings became disoriented on humid (foggy) nights while red underwings remained oriented. We found no evidence in either species for a time-independent sky compass mechanism as previously suggested for the large yellow underwing.
Structural evidence for product stabilization by the ribosomal mRNA helicase
Authors: Amiri Hossein , Noller Harry F.
Published: December 2018

Protein synthesis in all organisms proceeds by stepwise translocation of the ribosome along messenger RNAs (mRNAs), during which the helicase activity of the ribosome unwinds encountered structures in the mRNA. This activity is known to occur near the mRNA tunnel entrance, which is lined by ribosomal proteins uS3, uS4, and uS5. However, the mechanism(s) of mRNA unwinding by the ribosome and the possible role of these proteins in the helicase activity are not well understood. Here, we present a crystal structure of the Escherichia coli ribosome in which single-stranded mRNA is observed beyond the tunnel entrance, interacting in an extended conformation with a positively charged patch on ribosomal protein uS3 immediately outside the entrance. This apparent binding specificity for single-stranded mRNA ahead of the tunnel entrance suggests that product stabilization may play a role in the unwinding of structured mRNA by the ribosomal helicase.
Representações migrantes em foco: o caso de suspeita de Ebola no Brasil em 2014 sob a perspectiva de migrantes e jornalistas
Authors: Moratti Frazão Samira
Published: December 2018

O artigo é fruto de análise feita a partir das representações jornalísticas sobre os fluxos migratórios contemporâneos direta ou indiretamente envolvidos no caso de suspeita de Ebola, ocorrido em outubro de 2014 no Brasil. Além da observação direta de reportagens publicadas em sites jornalísticos brasileiros entre 9 e 19 de outubro de 2014, também foram realizadas entrevistas a jornalistas e migrantes por meio da História Oral. O presente texto evidencia seus relatos, colocando em perspectiva a opinião de cada um a respeito do tema e de que forma a abordagem jornalística sobre o acontecimento impactou a vida de pessoas em mobilidade no Brasil contemporâneo.
Cultura negra e mestiçagem para os interpretes do Brasil e seus espaços de disputa na sociedade contemporânea
Authors: Machado Ligia Cristina
Published: December 2018

A presença de negros e mestiços na sociedade brasileira vem sendo discutida desde o início da formação do país como estado independente no século XIX. Anos depois, os intelectuais do começo do século XX, por meio da hierarquização racial, ainda buscavam explicar as possibilidades de crescimento de um país com participação negra. Ao lado dessa construção oficial, a negritude manteve-se batalhando por espaço e reconhecimento que não diminuísse suas raízes culturais e que lhe desse direito à representatividade desde o fim da escravidão. Hoje, a internet deu a população negra do país um novo meio de se posicionar sobre questões raciais – abrindo espaços de disputa entre a intelectualidade com mais acesso aos meios de comunicação tradicional e o movimento negro.
A abolição como farsa no rap contemporâneo
Authors: Marques Samyn Henrique
Published: December 2018

O objetivo deste estudo é analisar a representação da abolição da escravatura no rap contemporâneo brasileiro. Três letras são analisadas (“Fogo no pavio”, de GOG; “Mulheres negras”, composta por Eduardo Taddeo e gravada por Yzalú; e “Falsa abolição”, composta por Preta-Rara e gravada por Tarja Negra), a fim de demonstrar como a escravidão é vista como algo ainda presente – de modo que a ação revolucionária se faz necessária para alcançar uma verdadeira emancipação.
Revised lectotypification of Lycopus europaeus (Lamiaceae)
Authors: Sennikov Alexander N. , Melnikov Denis G.
Published: December 2018

The current lectotype of Lycopus europaeus, Herb. Linnaeus No. 36.1 (LINN), consists of two plant fragments, which represent different species: L. europaeus (as currently applied) and L. exaltatus. The plant on the left, which represents L. europaeus, is designated as a new lectotype because it is the element that is in agreement with the validating diagnosis and the current usage of the name.
Adaptation and validation of a Self-Efficacy Scale for Physical Activity Practice – SESBC Scale
Authors: Silva Walan Robert da , Sacomori Cinara , Medeiros Thiago Emannuel , Lisboa Tailine , Freitas Kamyla Thais Dias de , Cardoso Fernando Luiz
Published: December 2018

The present study aimed to perform the translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and construct validation of the Self-Efficacy Scale based on the Stages of Behavior Change for Physical Activity Practice (SESBC), and also to test its internal consistency and reproducibility. The scale, composed of 20 items, was adapted to the Brazilian reality using the technique of back-translation. In empirical terms, construct validation and the internal consistency of the instrument were tested in 281 state public servant technicians of both sexes, older than 18 years, while reproducibility was tested in 91 university students. In the exploratory factor analysis, the 19 items loaded onto one single factor, and factor loadings varied from 0.41 to 0.88, explaining 52.7% of the total variance of the subjects’ responses. e SESBC showed good reliability in terms of internal consistency (alpha of 0.94) and good reproducibility in terms of test and re-test (ICC < 0.40-0.80) after two weeks. Of the 19 items, 17 presented ICC > 0.60. Therefore, the SESBC reached adequate levels of validity, internal consistency and reproducibility and can be used to measure self-efficacy for physical activity practice.
Stochastic Network Design for Planning Scheduled Transportation Services: The Value of Deterministic Solutions
Authors: Wang Xin , Crainic Teodor Gabriel , Wallace Stein W.
Published: December 2018

We study the value of deterministic solutions, in particular their quality and upgradability, in addressing stochastic network design problems, by analyzing their time-dependent formulations known as scheduled service network design problems in freight transportation planning. We study several problem variants and models and investigate, for each case, the immediate quality of the deterministic solutions stemming from the 50th and the 75th percentile of the demand distributions. We then show that for all models, but in different ways, we are able to make effective use of parts of the deterministic solution, confirming the value of the deterministic solution in the stochastic environment, even when the deterministic solution itself performs badly.

We also investigate what makes the optimal stochastic solution better in the stochastic environment than other feasible solutions, particularly those obtained by addressing deterministic versions of the problem. We do this by quantitatively analyzing the structures of different solutions. A measurement scheme is proposed to evaluate the level of potentially beneficial structural properties (multipath usage and path sharing) in different solutions. We show that these structural properties are important and correlated with the performance of a solution in the stochastic environment.

Data and the online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ijoc.2018.0819 .
Christ, the Power and Possibility of God in St. Anselm of Canterbury
Authors: McIntosh Jonathan
Published: December 2018

In this article I examine the modal theism of St. Anselm of Canterbury, arguing that the person of the divine Son plays an important role in how Anselm thinks about God’s power and possibilities. Beginning with his first major theological work, the Monologion, I show how Anselm’s characterizes God’s knowledge of creation, not in the traditional, Augustinian terms of an intellectual divine “idea,” but in the comparatively more linguistic terms of a divine “locutio” or “utterance.” I go on to argue that this sets Anselm up for a somewhat unique modal theology, one in which God is best understood as acting and creating, not against the backdrop of an already defined and existing domain of possibilities, but in a way that makes him the inventor and creator of his own possibilities. In the second part of the article, I turn to Anselm’s influential work of Christology, Cur Deus Homo, to examine how his “theistic actualism” is paralleled in select aspects of his account of the divine Son’s Incarnation in the person and work of Jesus Christ.
Dynamic equilibria of a nonisothermal fluid
Authors: Prosviryakov Eugenii Yurevich
Published: December 2018

В рамках точности приближения Буссинеска рассмотрены стационарные динамические равновесия вращающейся массы неизотермической жидкости. Показано, что в этом случае в жидкости наблюдается конечное число противотечений и усиление скоростей по сравнению с заданными на границе значениями, а также формирование зон положительного и отрицательного давления и температуры.
Chinese Adolescents’ Conceptions of Teacher’s Authority and Their Relations to Rule Violations in School
Authors: Liu Jianjin
Published: December 2018

Based on the Social Cognitive Domain Theory, the paper explored the adolescents’ conceptions of teacher authority in different domains and their relations to rule violations in school. The main results are: 1) Adolescents viewed moral, conventional, and prudential issues as legitimately subject to teachers’ authority and personal issues as under personal jurisdiction, but they were equivocal about contextually conventional issues. 2) Seventh graders judged all acts as more legitimately subject to teachers’ authority, all rule violations as more negative than did older students. 3) Compared with adolescents from big cities, adolescents from rural area viewed moral, conventional, contextually conventional, and personal issues as more legitimately subject to teacher authority, and endorsed less personal jurisdiction over those issues; but there were no significant differences in moral domain. 4) Male subjects reported more violations in conventional and prudential domain. 5）Adolescents’ older age, less endorsement of legitimacy of teacher authority, and greater dislike for school predicted more teacher- and self-reported misconducts. Implications for moral education from these results were also discussed.
Method for Introducing Zeolites and MCM-41 into Polypropylene Melt-Blown Nonwovens
Authors: Brochocka Agnieszka , Zagawa Aleksandra , Panek Rafał , Madej Jarosław , Franus Wojciech
Published: December 2018

In this work, a method for introducing zeolites and mesoporous siliceous materials into the melt-blown process for the production of polypropylene nonwovens was developed and the functional materials obtained were tested. Both types of additives were introduced in the melt-blown technology using a device placed in the duct of the die assembly. Nine types of polypropylene melt-blown nonwovens were made with different types of zeolites (clinoptilolite, Na-X, Na-A, Na-P1, sodalite, Na-P1 with hexadecyl trimethylammonium bromide (HDTMA), ZeoEco 20, and BioZeo R.01) or mesoporous silica material (Mobil Composition of Matter No. 41, abbreviated as MCM-41). The nonwovens were studied in terms of protective and functional parameters: sodium chloride and paraffin oil mist aerosol penetration, airflow resistance, and sorption capacity for toluene, ammonia, acetone, and cyclohexane, in accordance with the requirements of the European standards concerning respiratory protective equipment. The tests showed that zeolites and MCM-41 can be successfully incorporated within the structure of elementary polymer fibers using an environmentally friendly “dry” melt-blown technology with nonwovens modified so as to impart multiple functionalities in one integrated technological process. The developed method of introducing the studied materials to polypropylene melt-blown nonwovens led to the production of new multipurpose materials with good protective and functional properties. The best polypropylene nonwovens were produced with the addition of 250 g/m2 of MCM-41 or Na-P1 zeolite modified with HDTMA.
Mr Bean exits the garage driving or does he drive out of the garage? Bidirectional transfer in the expression of Path
Authors: Muñoz Meritxell , Cadierno Teresa
Published: December 2018

This paper examines bidirectional transfer between L1 English and L2 Spanish in the motion domain, both in boundary crossing [BC] and non-boundary crossing [NBC] situations. It focuses on the semantic component of Path. Furthermore, it examines whether learners’ proficiency has an impact on the degree of cross-linguistic influence [CLI] between their L1 and L2. An experimental study was conducted with five groups of informants: an English monolingual group, a Spanish monolingual group and three groups of L1 English learners of L2 Spanish. The findings support the existence of bidirectional transfer. The three groups of learners exhibited L1 typological patterns when retelling motion events in L2: (a) they used fewer path verbs than the monolingual Spanish group in BC and NBC; (b) they produced examples of satellites encoding the Path in BC and NBC; and (c) they expressed event conflation with one main verb in BC. In addition, the L2 influenced the L1, although this influence was restricted to learners with higher levels of L2 proficiency who used more path verbs than the monolingual English group. These results provide evidence for the role of bidirectional transfer in second language acquisition.
Spillover Mechanisms in the WIC Infant Formula Rebate Program
Authors: Rojas Christian A. , Wei Hongli
Published: December 2018

This paper explores the WIC infant formula rebate program, which awards a single-source contract to the firm that offers the lowest net bid price. We study spillover mechanisms derived from instances when an infant formula manufacturer displaces another as a WIC supplier. The analysis compares three types of product segments: infant formula (where WIC is the main player), non-WIC infant formula, and toddler formula. We find that, immediately after the contract displacement, there is a significant increase in market share for all three types of formula for the winning manufacturer and that this effect increases overtime. These market share effects are likely explained by greater shelf space, better product placement, and the advantages of carrying WIC labels, as well as by a combined impact of recommendations from physicians and WIC participants. More interestingly, we observe that winning manufacturers increase the price of WIC and non-WIC infant formula over time. Back-of-the-envelope calculations show that the profit that the WIC-contract manufacturer derives from these spillovers in other product segments more than dominates the losses associated to selling the WIC product below cost. We also discuss the implications that the spillover effects have on displaced (former WIC) manufacturers.
The effect of plasticity on damage evolution using a relaxation-based material model
Authors: Schwarz Stephan , Hackl Klaus , Junker Philipp
Published: December 2018

As damage occurs in the context of high stresses that are also related to the presence of plastic strains, it is natural to investigate the effect of plasticity on damage evolution and to thus achieve a more realistic model. In this work, the existing and new damage model presented in [Junker P, Schwarz S, Makowski J, Hackl K. Continuum Mech. Therm. 2017, 29 (1), 291–310] is enhanced with plasticity and isotropic hardening. The damage model is based on a relaxation-based approach and does not require additional complex regularization techniques besides considering viscous effects. The benefit of the model are mesh-independent results for the rate-dependent case, even without considering, e.g. gradient terms for mathematical regularization. The enhancement with plasticity and isotropic hardening was investigated for a representative volume element that considerd a damaging matrix material and non-damaging hard precipitates. Two different loading types, pure tension and pure shear, yielded the homogenized stress/strain response for the material at various loading rates. Hereto, several finite discretizations in terms of finite-element meshes were used. The results underline the mesh-independence for physically reasonable loading rates and viscosities.
Optoelectronic Scheme for Generation of Time Bound Low-Frequency Electronic Signal Using Multi-Passing of Light
Authors: Sarkar Baishali , Mukhopadhyay Sourangshu
Published: December 2018

Linear electro-optic effect or Pockels effect is not only a very effective way to control the intensity or phase of a propagating radiation but it can also be used to generate a low-frequency electronic signal. Low-frequency electronic signal is useful in many real-world applications like bio-medical, signal processing, gravitational wave detection, etc. In this paper, the authors proposed a scheme for generation of time bound low-frequency electronic signal using multi-passing scheme of light through a Pockels cell with sawtooth electrical biasing. The Pockels cell is used in an amplitude modulation scheme.
Interspecies Identification in Nature Observations: Modal Expressions and Open Reference Constructions with Non-Human Animate Reference in Finnish
Authors: Peltola Rea
Published: December 2018

This paper deals with the intermediate position of non-human animates on semantic prominence scales and illustrates the complexity and the context-driven aspect of linguistic animacy. The focus is on deontic and dynamic modals, as well as the zero person and passive constructions, in Finnish. These types of structures have been described as reserved for human reference. The corpus of this study is collected from a radio program where listeners call in to present questions arising from their nature observations. It consists of 263 occurrences of modal and open reference constructions with non-human animate reference. The paper aims to determine the properties that make non-human animates acceptable referents in the constructions under study and shows that prioritizing human reference is not a grammatical property of these constructions. Rather, they encode shared intersubjective, interspecies experience. Seeking to understand the behavior of the other animate being, speakers display recognition of non-human beings’ concerns and interests: they use linguistic constructions that engage them and all other interlocutors as potential participants of the situation, even when the situation described is not typical of humans. The nonhuman animates’ capacities, environment and life span are unfamiliar to the interlocutors and motivate their questions and explanations, but there are physical states and processes as well as mental experiences common to all animates that allow for the interlocutors to adopt the non-human viewpoint.
Investigating the structural chemistry of organotin(IV) compounds: recent advances
Authors: Rabiee Navid , Safarkhani Moein , Amini Mostafa M.
Published: December 2018

Organotin(IV) compounds have been considered for their outstanding industrial, medical and specific applications in the synthesis of various types of chemical compounds. In this review, we have focused on the structural chemistry of organotin(IV) compounds, including coordination chemistry, the effect of structure on reactions, bond formations from the perspective of structure and investigation of the structure of organotin(IV) compounds in different phases. The structural chemistry of organotin(IV) compounds is subject to interest due to their major impact on predicting the properties and drumming up support for pushing back the frontiers of synthesis of organotin(IV) compounds with advanced properties.
Russlands Nuklearstrategie gegenüber Europa – wie organisiert man Abschreckung gegen Deeskalation mit nuklearen Schlägen?
Authors: Kroenig Matthew
Published: December 2018

Wie können die Vereinigten Staaten und ihre NATO-Verbündeten russische nukleare Deeskalationsangriffe abschrecken? Die russische Nuklearstrategie fordert im Fall eines Konflikts mit der NATO den frühzeitigen Einsatz von Kernwaffen, mit dem Ziel, westliche Regierungen dazu zu zwingen, um Frieden zu ersuchen, oder aber eine weitere, potenziell katastrophale nukleare Eskalation zu riskieren. Viele westliche Wissenschaftler und Analytiker haben diese Drohung erkannt, aber bislang ist keine klare Abschreckungsstrategie dagegen formuliert worden. Dieser Aufsatz analysiert potenzielle Strategien zur Abschreckung russischer nuklearer „Deeskalationsschläge“ und zur Vereitelung russischer nuklearer Zwangsmittelandrohung. Er vertritt die These, die NATO müsse Russland davon überzeugen, dass jeder nukleare Schlag nicht zu einer Deeskalation, sondern zu einer weiteren nuklearen Eskalation führen werde. Anders gesagt, die USA müssen damit drohen, auf russische nukleare Deeskalationsschläge hart und glaubwürdig zu reagieren, und Russland klarmachen, dass dies auch einen begrenzten nuklearen Vergeltungsschlag einschließen könnte.
Bioflavonoids protect cells against halogenated boroxine-induced genotoxic damage by upregulation ofhTERTexpression
Authors: Hadzic Maida , Haveric Sanin , Haveric Anja , Lojo-Kadric Naida , Galic Borivoj , Ramic Jasmin , Pojskic Lejla
Published: December 2018

Plant bioflavonoids are widely present in the human diet and have various protective properties. In this study, we have demonstrated the capacity of delphinidin and luteolin to increase human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) expression level and act as protective agents against halogenated boroxine-induced genotoxic damage. Halogenated boroxine K2(B3O3F4OH) (HB), is a novel compound with potential for the treatment of both benign and malignant skin changes. In vivo and in vitro studies have confirmed the inhibitory effects of HB on carcinoma cell proliferation and cell cycle progression as well as enzyme inhibition. However, minor genotoxic effects of HB are registered in higher applied concentrations, but those can be suppressed by in vitro addition of delphinidin and luteolin in appropriate concentrations. Fresh peripheral blood samples were cultivated for 72 h followed by independent and concomitant treatments of HB with luteolin or delphinidin. We analyzed the differences in relativehTERTexpression between series of treatments compared with controls, which were based on normalized ratios with housekeeping genes. The obtained results have shown that selected bioflavonoids induce upregulation ofhTERTthat may contribute to the repair of genotoxic damage in vitro.
Jabr Omar, professor de Economia. Uma trajetória entre o Brasil, a Palestina e o Canadá.
Authors: Cerqueira Fábio Vergara , Stefan Guilherme
Published: December 2018

Entrevista com o professor Jabr Omar, economista, diretor do Centro de Integração do Mercosul e docente do curso de Relações Internacionais, do qual foi idealizador e criador. Liderança na comunidade palestina, integrou a Secretaria Geral da Confederação Palestina da América Latina e do Caribe (COPLAC), por quase 25 anos.  Nascido na Palestina, fez sua formação superior na Jordânia (graduação) e Canadá (mestrado e doutorado). O professor responde conversa sobre sua trajetória, sobre suas experiência no Canadá como estudante. Entre outros temas, fala sobre o Canadá,  suas universidades, multiculturalismo, política externa e política de imigração; e sobre a comunidade palestina, no Brasil, na América Latina e no Canadá.
Motor Cortex Excitability Reflects the Subjective Value of Reward and Mediates Its Effects on Incentive-Motivated Performance
Authors: Galaro Joseph K. , Celnik Pablo , Chib Vikram S.
Published: December 2018

Performance-based incentives tend to increase an individual's motivation, resulting in enhancements in behavioral output. While much work has focused on understanding how the brain's reward circuitry influences incentive-motivated performance, fewer studies have investigated how such reward representations act on the motor system. Here we measured motor cortical excitability with transcranial magnetic stimulation while female and male human participants performed a motoric incentive motivation task for prospective monetary gains and losses. We found that individuals' performance increased for increasing prospective gains and losses. While motor cortical excitability appeared insensitive to prospective loss, temporal features of motor cortical excitability for prospective gains were modulated by an independent measure of an individual's subjective preferences for incentive (i.e., loss aversion). Those individuals that were more loss averse had a greater motor cortical sensitivity to prospective gain, closer to movement onset. Critically, behavioral sensitivity to incentive and motor cortical sensitivity to prospective gains were both predicted by loss aversion. Furthermore, causal modeling indicated that motor cortical sensitivity to incentive mediated the relationship between subjective preferences for incentive and behavioral sensitivity to incentive. Together, our findings suggest that motor cortical activity integrates information about the subjective value of reward to invigorate incentive-motivated performance.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIncreasing incentives tend to increase motivation and effort. Using a motoric incentive motivation task and transcranial magnetic stimulation, we studied the motor cortical mechanisms responsible for incentive-motivated motor performance. We provide experimental evidence that motor cortical sensitivity to incentive mediates the relationship between subjective preferences for incentive and incentive-motivated performance. These results indicate that, rather than simply being a reflection of motor output, motor cortical physiology integrates information about reward value to motivate performance.
How We Became Instrumentalists (Again)
Authors: Jones Matthew L.
Published: December 2018

In the last two decades, a highly instrumentalist form of statistical and machine learning has achieved an extraordinary success as the computational heart of the phenomenon glossed as “predictive analytics,” “data mining,” or “data science.” This instrumentalist culture of prediction emerged from subfields within applied statistics, artificial intelligence, and database management. This essay looks at representative developments within computational statistics and pattern recognition from the 1950s onward, in the United States and beyond, central to the explosion of algorithms, techniques, and epistemic values that ultimately came together in the data sciences of today. This essay is part of a special issue entitled Histories of Data and the Database edited by Soraya de Chadarevian and Theodore M. Porter.
Glucose Signaling Is Connected to Chromosome Segregation Through Protein Kinase A Phosphorylation of the Dam1 Kinetochore Subunit inSaccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Shah Sameer B , Parmiter David , Constantine Christian , Elizalde Paul , Naldrett Michael , Karpova Tatiana S , Choy John S
Published: December 2018

Prior studies have suggested a role for the major glucose signaling Ras/ Protein Kinase A (PKA) pathway in kinetochore function and chromosome segregation, but with no clear mechanism. Here, Shah et al. show that PKA...

The Dam1 complex is an essential component of the outer kinetochore that mediates attachments between spindle microtubules and chromosomes. Dam1p, a subunit of the Dam1 complex, binds to microtubules and is regulated by Aurora B/Ipl1p phosphorylation. We find that overexpression of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) catalytic subunits (i.e., TPK1, TPK2, TPK3) is lethal in DAM1 mutants and increases the rate of chromosome loss in wild-type cells. Replacing an evolutionarily conserved PKA site (S31) in Dam1p with a nonphosphorylatable alanine suppressed the high-copy PKA dosage lethality in dam1-1. Consistent with Dam1p as a target of PKA, we find that in vitro PKA can directly phosphorylate S31 in Dam1p and we observed phosphorylation of S31 in Dam1p purified from asynchronously growing yeast cells. Cells carrying high-copy TPK2 or a Dam1p phospho-mimetic S31D mutant displayed a reduction in Dam1p localization at the kinetochore, suggesting that PKA phosphorylation plays a role in assembly and/or stability of the Dam1 complex. Furthermore, we observed spindle defects associated with S31 phosphorylation. Finally, we find that phosphorylation of Dam1p on S31 is reduced when glucose is limiting as well as during α-factor arrest, conditions that inhibit PKA activity. These observations suggest that the PKA site of Dam1p participates in regulating kinetochore activity. While PKA is a well-established effector of glucose signaling, our work shows for the first time that glucose-dependent PKA activity has an important function in chromosome segregation.
Postdischarge Mortality Prediction in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Madrid Lola , Casellas Aina , Sacoor Charfudin , Quintó Llorenç , Sitoe Antonio , Varo Rosauro , Acácio Sozinho , Nhampossa Tacilta , Massora Sergio , Sigaúque Betuel , Mandomando Inacio , Cousens Simon , Menéndez Clara , Alonso Pedro , Macete Eusebio , Bassat Quique
Published: December 2018

BACKGROUND:

Although the burden of postdischarge mortality (PDM) in low-income settings appears to be significant, no clear recommendations have been proposed in relation to follow-up care after hospitalization. We aimed to determine the burden of pediatric PDM and develop predictive models to identify children who are at risk for dying after discharge.

METHODS:

Deaths after hospital discharge among children aged <15 years in the last 17 years were reviewed in an area under demographic and morbidity surveillance in Southern Mozambique. We determined PDM over time (up to 90 days) and derived predictive models of PDM using easily collected variables on admission.

RESULTS:

Overall PDM was high (3.6%), with half of the deaths occurring in the first 30 days. One primary predictive model for all ages included young age, moderate or severe malnutrition, a history of diarrhea, clinical pneumonia symptoms, prostration, bacteremia, having a positive HIV status, the rainy season, and transfer or absconding, with an area under the curve of 0.79 (0.75–0.82) at day 90 after discharge. Alternative models for all ages including simplified clinical predictors had a similar performance. A model specific to infants <3 months old was used to identify as predictors being a neonate, having a low weight-for-age z score, having breathing difficulties, having hypothermia or fever, having oral candidiasis, and having a history of absconding or transfer to another hospital, with an area under the curve of 0.76 (0.72–0.91) at day 90 of follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS:

Death after discharge is an important although poorly recognized contributor to child mortality. A simple predictive algorithm based on easily recognizable variables could readily be used to identify most infants and children who are at a high risk of dying after discharge.
First record of oviposition event by Laemanctus longipes (Sauria: Corytophanidae) in Mexico
Authors: González-Zamora Arturo , Sánchez-López Sónia , Delfín-Alfonso Christian A. , Bello-Sánchez Edgar Ahmed
Published: December 2018

Oviposition in elusive reptiles has been poorly documented due to the difficulty in observing it in natural habitats. Here, we document the first egg-laying record in the Eastern Casque-headed Basilisk Laemanctus longipes in the wild. Our record adds novel information about the oviposition of this scarcely studied reptile species.
Distribución y conservación de los murciélagos del género Lonchorhina (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) en Colombia
Authors: Morales-Martínez Darwin M. , López-Arévalo Hugo F.
Published: December 2018

Las especies del género Lonchorhina presentan una distribución poco conocida especialmente en Colombia donde se ha asociado la presencia de formaciones rocosas aisladas conocidas como “lajas” o inselbergs, como elementos restrictivos en la dispersión de estas especies al oriente de la Cordillera de los Andes. Revisamos especímenes en colecciones de mamíferos de Colombia y Ecuador con el fin de conocer la distribución de las especies de Lonchorhina y su posible asociación al oriente de los Andes con la presencia de inselbergs y realizar una evaluación de su categoría de amenaza. Presentamos nuevos registros de murciélagos vulnerables a la extinción L. marinkellei y L. orinocensis, extendiendo la distribución de L. marinkellei más de 300 km de su distribución conocida. Demostramos que tres de las cuatro especies de Lonchorhina en Colombia tienen distribución restringida a los inselbergs, siendo L. aurita la única excepción con una distribución amplia en el país, sin embargo, su distribución al oriente de los Andes en Colombia puede estar restringida a la presencia de los mismos elementos. Encontramos simpatría entre varias especies del género en varias localidades, lo cual, junto con sus diferencias morfológicas, pueden indicar procesos de partición de nicho entre las especies del género. A pesar de la información recolectada se mantiene la categoría de Vulnerable para las especies de Lonchorhina con distribución restringida en Colombia. Finalmente, enfatizamos que las acciones locales de conservación pueden aportar a la conservación de varias especies del género.
Two new species of Burmeistera (Campanulaceae: Lobelioideae) from Antioquia, Colombia
Authors: González Garavito Favio Antonio , Vélez-Puerta Jorge Mario
Published: December 2018

Burmeistera fistulosa and B. reclinata, both from the department of Antioquia (Colombia), are here described and illustrated. The first species is similar to B. tomentosula, from which it differs by the glabrous surfaces, the petiole 1.4–2 cm long, the lamina elliptic to ovate, the reduced subtending leaves, the calyx lobes 2.5–3.5 x 0.8–1.2 mm, the ventral anthers barbate, and the white, obconic to ellipsoids berries. The second species is similar to B. diazii, from which it differs by the narrowly ovate leaves with 5–6 pairs of secondary veins and higher order veins inconspicuous beneath, the glabrous flowers with calyx lobes 5–9 x 0.6–1 mm, half of the corolla length or less, the barbate ventral anthers, and the white berries suffused with vinaceous lines.
Una especie nueva de Trigonisca y nuevos registros de abejas sin aguijón para la Argentina (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
Authors: Alvarez Leopoldo Jesus , Lucia Mariano
Published: December 2018

Una especie nueva de Trigonisca es descrita para el Noroeste de Argentina, Trigonisca sachamiski sp. nov., la cual se distribuye en las provincias de Salta y Jujuy. Se presentan también mapas de distribución, notas comparativas y sinopsis de las especies de Nannotrigona y Lestrimelitta que están presentes en la Argentina. Nannotrigona melanocera y Lestrimelitta rufa son reportadas por primera vez para la Argentina y se presenta una clave para reconocer las cuatro especies registradas en la Argentina de Lestrimelitta.
Morphological description of an alate female of Zorotypus hamiltoni New (Zoraptera: Zorotypidae) from Colombia
Authors: Villamizar Carvajal Germán , González-Montana Luis Antonio
Published: December 2018

An alate female of Zorotypus hamiltoni from Colombia is described and illustrated for the first time. The single specimen was collected in Santa María, Boyacá, Colombia and is currently deposited at the Museo Entomológico. Universidad Nacional, Agronomía, Bogotá, Colombia (UNAB).