bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dual ACL Ganglion Cysts: Significance of Detailed Arthroscopy
Authors: Mittal Samarth , Singla Amit , Nag H. L. , Meena Sanjay , Lohiya Ramprakash , Agarwal Abhinav
Published: October 2014

Intra-articular ganglion cysts of the knee joint are rare and most frequently are an incidental finding on MRI and arthroscopy. Most of the previous studies have reported a single ganglion cyst in the knee. There have been previous reports of more than one cyst in the same knee but not in the same structure within the knee. We are reporting a case of dual ACL (anterior cruciate ligament) ganglion cysts one of which was missed on radiological examination but later detected during arthroscopy. To the best of our knowledge, no such case has been reported in the indexed English literature till date.
Hyperplastic Dental Follicle: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Schmitd Ligia Buloto , Bravo-Calderón Diego Maurício , Soares Cleverson Teixeira , Oliveira Denise Tostes
Published: October 2014

Hyperplastic dental follicle is an odontogenic hamartomatous lesion associated with delayed or tooth eruption failure in young patients. The occurrence of this pericoronal dental lesion may be single or multiple and it seems to be more frequent than literature has reported. We present a literature review focusing on the etiopathogenesis and clinicopathological features of this hamartomatous lesion in young patients. In addition, we reported a case of hyperplastic dental follicle causing delayed tooth eruption of 14-year-old male patient. Microscopic analyses based on routine staining and immunohistochemistry were used to discuss the cells found in pericoronal follicle. This paper reinforces the importance of association between clinical history and radiographic features with microscopic pericoronal follicle examination for diagnosis of this hamartomatous lesion.
Global Stability, Bifurcation, and Chaos Control in a Delayed Neural Network Model
Authors: Kundu Amitava , Das Pritha
Published: October 2014

Conditions for the global asymptotic stability of delayed artificial neural network model of n (≥3) neurons have been derived. For bifurcation analysis with respect to delay we have considered the model with three neurons and used suitable transformation on multiple time delays to reduce it to a system with single delay. Bifurcation analysis is discussed with respect to single delay. Numerical simulations are presented to verify the analytical results. Using numerical simulation, the role of delay and neuronal gain parameter in changing the dynamics of the neural network model has been discussed.
Intravenous Lormetazepam during Sedation Weaning in a 26-Year-Old Critically Ill Woman
Authors: Luetz Alawi , Weiss Bjoern , Spies Claudia D.
Published: October 2014

Recent evidence revealed that sedation is related to adverse outcomes including a higher mortality. Despite this fact, patients sometimes require deep sedation for a limited period of time to control, for example, intracranial hypertension. In particular in these cases, weaning from sedation is often challenging due to emerging agitation, stress, and delirium. The submitted research letter reports a rare case of severe and persisting agitation that was unresponsive to all available treatments. Ultimately, lormetazepam which has recently become available for intravenous use in Germany resolved the problem by stress-reduction and anxiolysis without leading to measurable sedation.
Preconditioning Serum Levels of Endothelial Cell-Derived Molecules and the Risk of Posttransplant Complications in Patients Treated with Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Lindås Roald , Tvedt Tor Henrik Andersson , Hatfield Kimberley Joanne , Reikvam Håkon , Bruserud Øystein
Published: October 2014

Endothelial cells are involved in the pathogenesis of acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. These cells express several molecules that can be detected as biologically active soluble forms; serum levels of these molecules may thereby reflect the functional status of endothelial cells. Furthermore, acute GVHD is an inflammatory reaction and endothelial cells function as local regulators of inflammation. We therefore investigated whether differences in preconditioning/pretransplant serum levels of endothelium-expressed molecules (i.e., endocan, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), and E-selectin) were associated with a risk of posttransplant GVHD. Our study should be regarded as a population-based study of consecutive and thereby unselected patients (n=56). Analysis of this pretreatment endothelium biomarker profile by unsupervised hierarchical clustering identified a subset of patients with increased early nonrelapse mortality. Furthermore, low endocan levels were significantly associated with acute GVHD in the liver and gastrointestinal tract, whereas high VCAM-1 levels were associated with acute GVHD in the skin only. Our study suggests that the preconditioning/pretransplant status of endothelial cells (possibly through altered trafficking of immunocompetent cells) is important for the risk and the organ involvement of later acute GVHD.
Development of Enzymes andIn VitroDigestibility during Metamorphosis and Molting of Blue Swimming Crab (Portunus pelagicus)
Authors: Chamchuen Phanu , Pratoomchat Boonyarath , Engkakul Arunee , Kovitvadhi Uthaiwan , Rungruangsak-Torrissen Krisna
Published: October 2014

The work focuses on development of digestive enzymes (amylase, total protease, trypsin, and chymotrypsin) and activity ratio of trypsin to chymotrypsin (T/C ratio) for digestive efficiency and growth, in blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) during metamorphosis and molting. Specific activities of all enzyme parameters studied were associated with growth during metamorphosis, while only those of trypsin and T/C ratio were associated during molting cycle where trypsin and chymotrypsin specific activities associated with consumption rate with especially high levels during late intermolt and early premolt stages. About 50% increased weight gain was observed with at least double increased T/C ratio at the end of molting period, compared to the stages prior to molting. Growth of carapace would be more significant after finishing molting. Carapace width gain and T/C ratio were highest at the first crab stage. Studies ofin vitroprotein digestibility of different feed raw materials indicated thatArtemia, Rotifer, andMoinaare the best for larval stages. Otherwise, the use of shrimp feed andArtemiaflake could be the alternatives. Incorporating of cassava meal into the feed formula for early adult stage (juvenile) could be an advantage. The proteins from animals are more beneficial for adult crab culture than the proteins from plants and bacteria. The digestible quality of dietary protein is very important during larval stages, while the protein level of diet is more important during adult stages with fully developed digestive enzymes.
Breast Cancer with Neoductgenesis: Histopathological Criteria and Its Correlation with Mammographic and Tumour Features
Authors: Zhou Wenjing , Sollie Thomas , Tot Tibor , Pinder Sarah E. , Amini Rose-Marie , Blomqvist Carl , Fjällskog Marie-Louise , Christensson Gunilla , Abdsaleh Shahin , Wärnberg Fredrik
Published: October 2014

Introduction. Breast cancer with mammographic casting type calcifications, high grade DCIS with an abnormal number of ducts, periductal desmoplastic reaction, lymphocyte infiltration, and tenascin-C (TN-C) overexpression has been proposed to represent a more aggressive form of breast cancer and has been denominated as breast cancer with neoductgenesis. We developed histopathological criteria for neoductgenesis in order to study reproducibility and correlation with other tumour markers.Methods. 74 cases of grades 2 and 3 DCIS, with or without an invasive component, were selected. A combined score of the degree(s) of concentration of ducts, lymphocyte infiltration, and periductal fibrosis was used to classify cases as showing neoductgenesis, or not. Diagnostic reproducibility, correlation with tumour markers, and mammographic features were studied.Results. Twenty-three of 74 cases were diagnosed with neoductgenesis. The kappa value between pathologists showed moderate reproducibility (0.50) (95% CI; 0.41–0.60). Neoductgenesis correlated significantly with malignant type microcalcifications and TN-C expression (P=0.008and 0.04) and with ER, PR, and HER2 status (P<0.00001for all three markers).Conclusions. We developed histological criteria for breast cancer with neoductgenesis. Neoductgenesis, by our applied histopathological definition was related to more aggressive tumour biology and malignant mammographic calcifications.
Manipulation of Displaced Distal Radial Fractures in the Superelderly: Prediction of Malunion and the Degree of Radiographic Improvement
Authors: Clement N. D. , Duckworth A. D. , Court-Brown C. M. , McQueen M. M.
Published: October 2014

Superelderly patients (≥80 years old) account for 20% of all distal radial fractures and are at an increased risk of malunion. The primary aim of this study was to identify predictors of malunion and the degree of improvement in the fracture position offered by closed manipulation of displaced distal radial fractures in the superelderly. We retrospectively identified 228 displaced distal radial fractures in superelderly patients from a prospective database of 4024 distal radial fractures. The inclusion criterion was a patient that underwent closed manipulation as their primary intervention. The majority of patients (n=196, 86%) were defined as having a malunion. A premanipulation dorsal angulation of greater than 25 degrees (P=0.047) and an ulnar variance of 6 mm or more (P=0.02) significantly increased the risk of malunion. The premanipulation dorsal angulation was a significant independent predictor of the degree of improvement in the final dorsal angulation (P<0.001) and ulnar variance (P=0.01). Patients with a high risk of malunion or poor improvement in the fracture position can be identified before manipulation and these patients may benefit from primary surgical intervention.
Asparagine Synthetase Polymorphisms and Toxicity and Efficacy of Asparaginases
Authors: Avramis Vassilios I.
Published: October 2014

Asparaginases develop innovative “tumor starvation” conditions for all antileukemia treatments; however, administrations are limited by the toxicities of this drug. Patients exhibiting moderate toxicity have optimal treatment outcomes. Certain asparagine synthetase polymorphisms may contribute to severe host toxicities in divergent subsets of patients, whereas others do not. Clinical correlations should be evaluated. Clin Cancer Res; 21(2); 230–2. ©2014 AACR.

See related article by Tanfous et al., p. 329
Multitarget Effects of Quercetin in Leukemia
Authors: Maso Victor , Calgarotto Andrana Karla , Franchi Gilberto Carlos , Nowill Alexandre Eduardo , Filho Paulo Latuf , Vassallo José , Saad Sara Teresinha Olalla
Published: October 2014

This study proposes to investigate quercetin antitumor efficacy in vitro and in vivo, using the P39 cell line as a model. The experimental design comprised leukemic cells or xenografts of P39 cells, treated in vitro or in vivo, respectively, with quercetin; apoptosis, cell-cycle and autophagy activation were then evaluated. Quercetin caused pronounced apoptosis in P39 leukemia cells, followed by Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Mcl-1 downregulation, Bax upregulation, and mitochondrial translocation, triggering cytochrome c release and caspases activation. Quercetin also induced the expression of FasL protein. Furthermore, our results demonstrated an antioxidant activity of quercetin. Quercetin treatment resulted in an increased cell arrest in G1 phase of the cell cycle, with pronounced decrease in CDK2, CDK6, cyclin D, cyclin E, and cyclin A proteins, decreased Rb phosphorylation and increased p21 and p27 expression. Quercetin induced autophagosome formation in the P39 cell line. Autophagy inhibition induced by quercetin with chloroquine triggered apoptosis but did not alter quercetin modulation in the G1 phase. P39 cell treatment with a combination of quercetin and selective inhibitors of ERK1/2 and/or JNK (PD184352 or SP600125, respectively), significantly decreased cells in G1 phase, this treatment, however, did not change the apoptotic cell number. Furthermore, in vivo administration of quercetin significantly reduced tumor volume in P39 xenografts and confirmed in vitro results regarding apoptosis, autophagy, and cell-cycle arrest. The antitumor activity of quercetin both in vitro and in vivo revealed in this study, point to quercetin as an attractive antitumor agent for hematologic malignancies. Cancer Prev Res; 7(12); 1240–50. ©2014 AACR.
Blood Lipids and the Incidence of Atrial Fibrillation: The Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and the Framingham Heart Study
Authors: Alonso Alvaro , Yin Xiaoyan , Roetker Nicholas S. , Magnani Jared W. , Kronmal Richard A. , Ellinor Patrick T. , Chen Lin Y. , Lubitz Steven A. , McClelland Robyn L. , McManus David D. , Soliman Elsayed Z. , Huxley Rachel R. , Nazarian Saman , Szklo Moyses , Heckbert Susan R. , Benjamin Emelia J.
Published: October 2014

Background

Dyslipidemia is a major contributor to the development of atherosclerosis and coronary disease. Its role in the etiology of atrial fibrillation (
AF
) is uncertain.

Methods and Results

We studied 7142 men and women from the Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) and the Framingham Heart Study who did not have prevalent AF at baseline and were not on lipid‐lowering medications. Total cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides were measured using standard procedures. Incident AF during follow‐up was identified from hospital discharge codes; review of medical charts; study electrocardiograms; and, in MESA only, Medicare claims. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals of AF by clinical categories of blood lipids in each cohort. Study‐specific results were meta‐analyzed using inverse of variance weighting. During 9.6 years of mean follow‐up, 480 AF cases were identified. In a combined analysis of multivariable‐adjusted results from both cohorts, high levels of high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol were associated with lower AF risk (hazard ratio 0.64, 95% CI 0.48 to 0.87 in those with levels ≥60 mg/dL versus <40 mg/dL), whereas high triglycerides were associated with higher risk of AF (hazard ratio 1.60, 95% CI 1.25 to 2.05 in those with levels ≥200 mg/dL versus <150 mg/dL). Total cholesterol and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol were not associated with the risk of AF.

Conclusion

In these 2 community‐based cohorts, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides but not low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol or total cholesterol were associated with the risk of
AF,
accounting for other cardiometabolic risk factors.
Morphological diagnosis of a new species in Myrcia sensu lato (Myrtaceae) from Bahia, Brazil, with molecular highlights
Authors: Staggemeier Vanessa Graziele , Lucas Eve
Published: October 2014

Myrcia marianae, a new species endemic from southern Bahia is described and compared to the related species Marlierea sucrei and Marlierea glabra using molecular and morphological analyses.
Changes in the Land Surface Energy Budget in Eastern China over the Past Three Decades: Contributions of Land-Cover Change and Climate Change
Authors: Yan J. W. , Liu J. Y. , Chen B. Z. , Feng M. , Fang S. F. , Xu G. , Zhang H. F. , Che M. L. , Liang W. , Hu Y. F. , Kuang W. H. , Wang H. M.
Published: October 2014

Sensible heat flux (H), latent heat flux (LE), and net radiation (NR) are important surface energy components that directly influence climate systems. In this study, the changes in the surface energy and their contributions from global climate change and/or land-cover change over eastern China during the past nearly 30 years were investigated and assessed using a process-based land surface model [the Ecosystem–Atmosphere Simulation Scheme (EASS)]. The modeled results show that climate change contributed more to the changes of land surface energy fluxes than land-cover change, with their contribution ratio reaching 4:1 or even higher. Annual average temperature increased before 2000 and reversed thereafter; annual total precipitation continually decreased, and incident solar radiation continually increased over the past nearly 30 years. These climatic changes could lead to increased NR, H, and LE, assuming land cover remained unchanged during the past nearly 30 years. Among these meteorological variables, at spatial distribution, the incident solar radiation has the greatest effect on land surface energy exchange. The impacts of land-cover change on the seasonal variations in land surface heat fluxes between the four periods were large, especially for H. The changes in the regional energy fluxes resulting from different land-cover type conversions varied greatly. The conversion from farmland to evergreen coniferous forests had the greatest influence on land surface energy exchange, leading to a decrease in H by 19.39% and an increase in LE and NR by 7.44% and 2.74%, respectively. The results of this study can provide a basis and reference for climate change adaptation.
Seasonal Aspects of an Objective Climatology of Anticyclones Affecting the Mediterranean
Authors: Hatzaki Maria , Flocas Helena A. , Simmonds Ian , Kouroutzoglou John , Keay Kevin , Rudeva Irina
Published: October 2014

An objective climatology of anticyclones over the greater Mediterranean region is presented based on the Interim ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim) for a 34-yr period (1979–2012) and the Melbourne University automatic identification and tracking algorithm. The scheme’s robustness and reliability for the transient extratropical propagation of anticyclones, with the appropriate choices of parameter settings, has been established and the results obtained here present new research perspectives on anticyclonic activity affecting the Mediterranean. Properties of Mediterranean anticyclones, such as frequency, generation and dissipation, movement, scale, and depth are investigated. The highest frequency of anticyclones is found over continental areas, while the highest maritime frequency occurs over closed basins exhibiting also maxima of anticyclogenesis. There is a significant seasonality in system density and anticyclogenesis maxima, this being associated with the seasonal variations of the larger-scale atmospheric circulation that affect the greater Mediterranean region.
From a self-made to an already-made man
Authors: De Keere Kobe
Published: October 2014

Several scholars argue that self-expression has become a salient feature in the conception of the self at the expense of a more utilitarian perception of the individual. This article argues that this transition agrees with an evolution in how the relation between work and the self was perceived during the 20th century. A historical content analysis of advice literature on professional success shows how capitalism adapted itself to the aesthetic critique of alienation by revitalising the spirit of capitalism. The old spirit of capitalism that relied on self-control and discipline was replaced by a new spirit that emphasised well-being and self-expression as a way to motivate employees and to close the gap between work and private life. Likewise, the ideal of the self-made man who adapts himself to a job was turned into a more essentialist view of an already-made man who looks for a job that fits his personality.
Occurrence of soluble supra-molecular FN–fibrin complexes in the plasma of children with recurrent respiratory infection
Authors: Lemańska-Perek Anna , Polańska Bożena , Krzyżanowska-Gołąb Dorota , Kątnik-Prastowska Iwona
Published: October 2014

Objectives

Fibronectin (FN) is able to bind fibrin and FN–fibrin complexes and is found in the plasma of some patients suffering from inflammatory disease. The present study was undertaken to determine whether soluble supra-molecular FN–fibrin complexes were present in the plasma of children with recurrent respiratory infections (RRI).

Design and methods

The frequency of occurrence and relative amounts of the supra-molecular FN–fibrin forms, concentrations of immunoglobulins and numbers of natural killer cells (NK) were determined in the plasma of children with recurrent respiratory infections. The frequencies of these parameters were compared with their frequencies in the plasma of children with acute respiratory infections and plasma from healthy children.

Results

SDS-agarose immunoblotting of patients’ plasma revealed the presence of several additional FN–fibrin bands, with decreasing electrophoretic mobilities and increasing molecular masses of 750 kDa, 1000 kDa, 1300 kDa, 1600 kDa and 1900 kDa. Such FN–fibrin complexes occurred with higher frequency and in larger amounts in the plasma of children with RRI and acute infection than they did in plasma from normal children. Moreover, bands above 1000 kDa were absent in most young healthy individuals. The occurrence of FN–fibrin complexes did not correlate with either immunoglobulin concentrations, or with the number of NK cells.

Conclusions

The occurrence of plasma supra-molecular FN–fibrin complexes is associated with acute and recurrent respiratory infections of children.
Preliminary Findings of Long‐Term Neurodevelopmental Outcomes of Infants Treated With Intravenous Fat Emulsion Reduction for the Management of Parenteral Nutrition–Associated Cholestasis
Authors: Blackmer Allison B. , Warschausky Seth , Siddiqui Sabina , Welch Kathleen B. , Horn Karolyn , Wester Ashley , Warschausky Micah , Teitelbaum Daniel H.
Published: October 2014

Introduction: Parenteral nutrition–associated cholestasis (PNAC) is linked with the administration of soybean‐based intravenous fat emulsion (IVFE). IVFE reduction (IFER) may be an effective management strategy for PNAC; however, long‐term associated neurodevelopmental outcomes (NDOs) for infants undergoing IFER have not been measured previously. This single‐institution, prospective study examined the risk for negative NDOs and key predictors of NDOs associated with IFER. Methods: Patients (2–5 years) treated with soybean‐based IFER as neonates underwent NDO measurements, including Ages and Stages Questionnaires–3 (ASQ‐3), Parents’ Evaluations of Developmental Status (PEDS), and Behavior Assessment System for Children, Second Edition Preschool, Parent (BASC‐2 PRS‐P). The relationship between NDOs and predictive variables was evaluated. Results: A total of 25 children had a complete PEDS survey, and 17 were found to be “not at risk.” The BASC‐2 PRS‐P evaluation (n = 18 patients) showed that all 4 composite domains fell within the normative developmental range, and 67%–89% of patients were observed to be “typically developing.” For the primary outcome measure, ASQ‐3, 82.4%–94.4% of patients were “not at risk.” Logistical regression analyses were performed to examine risk factors contributing to negative NDOs. Of children completing all NDO studies, IFER‐related variables (eg, development of essential fatty acid deficiency, duration of IFER, and mean IVFE dose) were not found to be predictors of adverse NDOs. Conclusions: This study represents the first report of NDOs in pediatric patients treated with IFER. IFER‐treated patients score within the normative range most of the time. IFER‐related variables were not found to be associated with negative NDOs. The results set the stage for a larger, multicenter, prospective study.
Emerging Piglet Models of Neonatal Short Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Lim David W. , Turner Justine M. , Wales Paul W.
Published: October 2014

Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a growing problem in the human neonatal population. In infants, SBS is the leading cause of intestinal failure, the state of being unable to absorb sufficient nutrients for growth and development. Neonates with SBS are dependent on long‐term parenteral nutrition therapy, but many succumb to the complications of sepsis and liver disease. Research in neonatal SBS is challenged by the ethical limits of studying sick human neonates and the heterogeneous nature of the disease process. Outcomes in SBS vary depending on residual intestinal anatomy, intestinal length, patient age, and exposure to nutrition therapies. The neonatal piglet serves as an appropriate translational model of the human neonate because of similarities in gastrointestinal ontogeny, physiological maturity, and adaptive processes. Re‐creating the disease process in a piglet model presents a unique opportunity for researchers to discover novel insights and therapies in SBS. Emerging piglet models of neonatal SBS now represent the entire spectrum of disease seen in human infants. This review aims to contextualize these emerging piglet models within the context of SBS as a heterogeneous disease. We first explore the factors that account for SBS heterogeneity and then explore the suitability of the neonatal piglet as an appropriate translational animal model. We then examine differences between the emerging piglet models of neonatal SBS and how these differences affect their translational potential to human neonates with SBS.
Quality of life improves after minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum
Authors: Kuru Pinar , Bostanci Korkut , Ermerak Nezih Onur , Bahadir A Tugba , Afacan Ceyda , Yuksel Mustafa
Published: October 2014

Background

Pectus excavatum is the most common chest wall deformity. This deformity may cause physical limitations and psychosocial problems. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum on the quality of life.

Methods

This study included 88 patients, aged 18.44 ± 3.93 years (85.2% male), who underwent minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum; 40.9% had an associated anomaly or disease, and 17.0% had scoliosis. The patients and their parents completed the patient and parent forms of the Nuss questionnaire modified for adults preoperatively and 6 months after the operation.

Results

The patients’ median Nuss score increased from 31 (interquartile range 31–35) preoperatively to 43 (interquartile range 43–46) at 6 months after the operation ( p = 0.000). The parents’ preoperative score of 33 (interquartile range 29–36) increased to 38 (interquartile range 34–41; p = 0.000). Improvements in the physical and psychosocial component scores of the Nuss questionnaire were also significant in the patient ( p = 0.000, p = 0.000, respectively) and parent forms ( p = 0.005, p = 0.000, respectively).

Conclusions

Minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum significantly improved the physical and psychosocial wellbeing of patients. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine the long-term changes related to quality of life.
Lively Infrastructure
Authors: Amin Ash
Published: October 2014

This paper examines the social life and sociality of urban infrastructure. Drawing on a case study of land occupations and informal settlements in the city of Belo Horizonte in Brazil, where the staples of life such as water, electricity, shelter and sanitation are co-constructed by the poor, the paper argues that infrastructures – visible and invisible – are deeply implicated in not only the making and unmaking of individual lives, but also in the experience of community, solidarity and struggle for recognition. Infrastructure is proposed as a gathering force and political intermediary of considerable significance in shaping the rights of the poor to the city and their capacity to claim those rights.
Association of ARRB1 polymorphisms with the risk of major depressive disorder and with treatment response to mirtazapine
Authors: Chang Hun Soo , Won Eun Soo , Lee Hwa-Young , Ham Byung-Joo , Kim Yong-Gu , Lee Min-Soo
Published: October 2014

β-Arrestin 1 is known to be involved in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD) and in the underlying mechanism of action of antidepressant therapies. After we screened 39 ARRB1 polymorphisms, we investigated the associations of seven ARRB1 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with the risk of MDD in 270 patients with MDD and 204 normal subjects, and with mirtazapine treatment response in patients with MDD. The genotype distributions of −132C>T and IVS1+85T>C showed significant deviations from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium in patients with MDD but not in normal subjects. After four and 12 weeks of mirtazapine treatment, the proportion of haplotype 1 (ht1) carriers was significantly higher in remitters than in non-remitters after corrections for multiple comparisons (corrected p=0.006 and 0.014 at four and 12 weeks, respectively). After eight and 12 weeks of treatment, scores on the 21-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD21) were significantly lower in patients with MDD with ARRB1 ht1 than in those without ht1. Similarly, after 8 and 12 weeks of treatment, the percent reduction in HAMD21 scores was significantly higher in patients with MDD with ARRB1 ht1 than in those without ht1. The ARRB1 polymorphisms represent promising genetic markers for the prediction of treatment responses to mirtazapine.
The Relationship Between Unstable Self-Esteem and Aggression
Authors: Lee Eunju J.
Published: October 2014

This study examines whether the instability of self-esteem (i.e., a high intraindividual variability in self-esteem) is differentially associated with different types of aggressive behavior by using a sample of 235 preadolescent children. Self-esteem was measured four times for four consecutive days, and proactive and reactive aggressive behaviors were assessed by peer nominations. The latent trait-state-occasion model was used to describe the stable trait and the fluctuating state components of self-esteem. The empirical results indicated that the state component of self-esteem, not the trait component, had a significant association with aggressive behaviors. When controlling the trait component, the state component was positively related to reactive aggression and negatively related to proactive aggression. Implications for future research were discussed.
Inter-reader variability when applying the 2013 Fleischner guidelines for potential solitary subsolid lung nodules
Authors: Penn Alex , Ma Mingming , Chou Benjamin B , Tseng Jeffrey R , Phan Peter
Published: October 2014

Background

In 2013, the Fleischner Society published recommendations for managing subsolid pulmonary nodules. Inter-reader variability has not yet been defined and has potential implications for the ease and reproducibility of applying the guidelines to clinical practice.

Purpose

To evaluate inter-reader variability when applying the 2013 Fleischner guidelines for potential solitary subsolid lung nodules.

Material and Methods

Potential nodules were identified through a systematic retrospective review of CT studies that reported a ground-glass lesion. Three radiologists decided whether these lesions fit criteria of a subsolid nodule and thus merit application of the Fleischner Society guidelines, determined if a solid component was present, and measured each component in two dimensions. Final management recommendations were based on these intermediate decisions. Inter-reader variability for management was calculated and Fleiss’ kappa was used to determine significance. Logistic regression and Fisher’s exact test determined whether management was contingent on each intermediate decision.

Results

Forty-four nodules with mean diameter of 9.4 mm were evaluated by three radiologists. Final management recommendations were in agreement for 93 out of 132 cases (70.4%, kappa = 0.56). Inter-reader variability in management recommendation was contingent on disagreement over whether a pulmonary lesion fit criteria of a subsolid nodule for 24 cases ( P < 0.01), whether there was a solid component for 10 cases ( P = 0.01), and whether the measurement met the threshold of 5 mm for five cases ( P = 0.12).

Conclusion

There is moderate inter-reader variability when applying the 2013 Fleischner Society management recommendations. Significant contributors of variability include whether the potential lesions fit subsolid nodule criteria and whether a solid component is present. Measurement variability does not significantly affect the final management decisions.
CT angiography in non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage: the importance of arterial attenuation for the detection of intracranial aneurysms
Authors: Ramgren Birgitta , Siemund Roger , Nilsson Ola G , Höglund Peter , Larsson Elna-Marie , Abul-Kasim Kasim , Björkman-Burtscher Isabella M
Published: October 2014

Background

Computed tomography angiography (CTA) is today the primary method for the detection of intracranial aneurysms. The technique has evolved considerably during the last decade, and it is important to establish criteria for high image quality, especially with regard to improving the diagnosis of small aneurysms.

Purpose

To evaluate diagnostic accuracy and image quality by arterial attenuation of CTA in patients with non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).

Material and Methods

Between 2005 and 2011, CTA and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) were performed in 326 patients with non-traumatic SAH. Sensitivity and specificity for aneurysm detection were evaluated per patient, per aneurysm, and per ruptured aneurysm. The image quality of CTA was evaluated by arterial attenuation measurements (mean Hounsfield units [HU]) in the internal carotid artery (ICA).

Results

In all, 285 aneurysms in 235 patients were detected by DSA, 19 aneurysms were missed on CTA, and 223 aneurysms were classified as ruptured. In 91 patients, no aneurysm was found. Correct diagnosis with CTA was made in 28 patients with perimesencephalic hemorrhage. Sensitivity and specificity (95% confidence interval) calculated per patient were 91.6% (87.3–94.9) and 87.9% (79.8–93.6), respectively, per aneurysm 93.3% (89.7–95.9) and 88% (79.9–93.6), and per ruptured aneurysm 94.9% (91.3–97.3) and 96.7% (90.7–99.3). Arterial attenuation (in HU) in CTA revealing true positive ruptured aneurysms and true negative aneurysms (mean 535 ± 110 HU) differed significantly ( P = 0.02) from false negative ruptured aneurysms (mean 424 ± 30 HU).

Conclusion

CTA has high sensitivity and specificity for the detection of ruptured aneurysms. The sensitivity is related to arterial attenuation in the ICA.
Fatigue crack propagation in biaxial stress fields
Authors: Pickard Andrew C
Published: October 2014

The main aim of this article is to understand whether biaxial stress fields have a significant impact on the rate of growth of fatigue cracks. Many components in engineered products are subjected to complex, multiaxial stress fields during their operation. However, crack growth behavior is normally evaluated in relatively simple laboratory specimens where the crack grows in a uniaxial stress field. It is important to understand whether multiaxiality can increase fatigue crack growth rates and result in an unsafe fatigue life prediction. The effect of stress field multiaxiality on the propagation behavior of fatigue cracks is reviewed. For a particular case where significant effects have been noted, using a cruciform specimen, a full three-dimensional stress analysis of the specimen has been performed, and the experimental results have been reassessed. It has been found that the relationship between the biaxial load ratio applied to the arms of the specimen and the resulting biaxial stress ratio at the center of the specimen gauge area is not simple; when re-analyzed, the results presented in the referenced paper show no significant effect of biaxial stress ratio on fatigue crack propagation behavior. Reasons for this are discussed, and recommendations are made for future research where significant effects may be noted.
Stuart Hall, Marxism without guarantees, and ‘The hard road to renewal’
Authors: Worth Owen
Published: October 2014

This piece overviews Stuart Hall’s contribution to Marxism and to the left, and argues that whilst there were significant problems with the manifestation of Marxism Today, his work on hegemonic renewal holds great relevance in a left that is today in crisis. Paradoxically, it suggests that the spirit of the Bennite democratic socialism project of the early 1980s, which was critiqued at the time by Hall and Marxism Today, is currently closer to the kind of coherence required for the left to establish a hegemonic alternative to contemporary neoliberalism.
Class and panic in British immigration
Authors: Moore Phoebe , Forkert Kirsten
Published: October 2014

In Policing the Crisis, Stuart Hall et al. (1978) explored the calculus of work and the trope around portraying certain categories of people as taking advantage of the majority, without evidence. The concept of work became abstracted so that it was longer about employment, but about conformity with certain norms. The moralising discourse of work as a moral duty, also as connected to citizenship, underpins debates on immigration. Politicians and reporters, or ‘moral entrepreneurs’, vacillate between labelling immigrants as the lumpenproletariat, paupers and servants, and delegitimise the chance for immigrant groups to achieve class identity. The attempted removal of class identity is a dangerous defence of unfreedoms.
Energising the political movements in developing countries: The role of social media
Authors: Sorour M. Karim , Lal Dey Bidit
Published: October 2014

Social media-led mass movements have dominated news headlines in recent times. The success stories of the Occupy movements, anti-globalisation demonstrations in the West, mass protests at Tahrir Square in Cairo and Taksim Square in Istanbul, demonstrations against sexual harassment in Delhi and the Shahbag Square uprising in Dhaka all underpin the fact that in both developed and developing societies, social media can potentially play an important role in organising large scale socio-political events. This ‘Behind the News’ article reflects on and analyses the recent ‘social-media-led’ political eruptions in two developing countries, Egypt and Bangladesh.
Indian public-sector trade unionism in an autocratic political climate: The distinctive case of Gujarat
Authors: Beale David , Noronha Ernesto
Published: October 2014

The power and influence of trade unionism in telecommunications, state government employment and municipal bus services are examined in Gujarat, an Indian state ruled by the Hindu nationalist, pro-big business Bharatiya Janata Party. We identify significant examples of resilience in unions critical of the BJP, alongside conflicts of interest and challenges for pro-BJP unions. These are somewhat surprising findings in a context expected to be hostile to class-based trade unionism, suggesting an important pole of ongoing, organised labour opposition to Gujarat’s perceived political hegemony, and posing some wider issues. In the interim between the writing and publishing of this article, the BJP won India’s 2014 general election.
Building tomorrow’s library today
Authors: Serageldin Ismail
Published: October 2014

The New Library of Alexandria performs a unique 21st century role as a library, a museum, an art gallery, an archive, an academy, a conference center, a science center, a university, and a special school. By blending today’s information and communications technology with yesterday’s rich cultural heritage and national memory, the Library of Alexandria has shown that innovation from the top down preserves the past and guarantees a future.
What makes innovation work? Innovation practice in the National Library of the Netherlands
Authors: Balk Hildelies , Kwant Elsbeth , Neudecker Clemens
Published: October 2014

The National Library of the Netherlands, (Koninklijke Bibliotheek, hereafter KB), has been innovating its services and organization for the past 20 years and expects to continue to do so in the future. The central question in this article is: what makes innovation work in the organization of the KB? We will focus on two use cases: the development of the recently opened Delpher portal, giving access to 30 million pages of digitized Dutch heritage, and the current development of the KB ResearchLab that gives internal and external researchers a platform for experiments. A review of innovation theory and practice (Balk 2013) provides us with a checklist of factors that determine the innovation capacity of a library, grouped in four themes: Leadership and culture, Knowledge and organizational learning, Collaboration capacity and Organizational design. By applying this innovation checklist to the use cases discussed, we hope to contribute to the body of best practice in innovation in national libraries. Finally, we will look ahead at the development of the National Digital Library of the Netherlands, integrating services for the public library community into the KB in the near future and share some potential scenarios for the future of the library landscape in the Netherlands with the audience.
A case study in national library innovation
Authors: Stephens Andy , Brazier Caroline , Spence Phil
Published: October 2014

The British Library’s GBP 33m Newspaper Programme, which is now nearing completion, was established to address a range of legacy issues associated with ensuring the long term storage, preservation and access to the UK’s national newspaper collection, one of the largest and most comprehensive newspaper collections anywhere in the world with more than 750 million pages of newspapers spanning more than three centuries. The programme has delivered a purpose-built state-of-the-art storage facility, with a fully automated retrieval system and full temperature and humidity control, that will enable the British Library’s print newspaper collections to be kept in archival standard conditions for the first time ever. A new service proposition – the Newsroom – has been created at St Pancras which will, through a combination of collecting and connecting and by combining traditional print and microfilm newspaper content with television and radio broadcast news recordings and with web news into an integrated offering, transform the traditional newspaper reading room concept into a hub for news and media. Increased digitization will both enable online access and protect the original newsprint from further wear and tear. The paper reports on a number of innovative solutions which have been adopted in taking the Newspaper Programme forward – in particular in relation to digitization funding models, storage solutions, onsite service provision, and accessibility – and as such it provides a case study in national library innovation.
From the creativity of collective imagination to the crisis of postmodern fantasy
Authors: Browne Craig
Published: October 2014

The Collective Imagination explicates the media of social creativity and explains how the imagination has shaped historically significant social institutions. It focuses on the media of wit, paradox, and metaphor, and develops a distinctive and original interpretation of the imagination’s appositional quality. Murphy’s conception of the collective imagination is compared with that of Cornelius Castoriadis. The discussion suggests that Murphy’s claims are likely to be disputed, particularly because they diverge from the common equation of contemporary creativity with social progress. Murphy draws attention to a kind of conservative disposition that is necessary for imagination to have substantial social efficacy. Murphy claims that the creativity of the collective imagination has to a large extent been eclipsed by fantasy and kitsch. The deleterious effects of fantasy’s denial of reality are explored in relation to four domains of collective creativity: art, society, economy and politics. It is argued that the ramifications of Murphy’s profound interpretation of the imagination may be developed in ways that differ from some of his conclusions.
Drug Market Violence
Authors: Jacques Scott , Allen Andrea
Published: October 2014

Drug consumption and addiction are known to increase the incidence of violent and property crimes. For this reason, governments prohibit the trade in some psychoactive substances and vigorously enforce the law. The unfortunate consequence of this governmental control is that it increases drug market violence. This article examines how drug prohibition and its enforcement affect violence among illicit drug traders. Two processes are considered: the role of virtual anarchy and police pressure in exposing illicit drug traders to predation and motivating them to retaliate. After reviewing the empirical literature bearing on these theories, this article concludes by outlining what is needed to move the field forward.
Assessment of Regulatory Emotional Self-Efficacy Beliefs
Authors: Alessandri Guido , Vecchione Michele , Caprara Gian Vittorio
Published: October 2014

In the present article, we present a review of the current status of the art with regard to the construct of regulatory emotional self-efficacy beliefs. We start with the definition of the psychological construct of regulatory emotional self-efficacy beliefs, presenting its theoretical status within the broader theory of self-efficacy, in the social-cognitive theory. Then, we offer a broad perspective on the evaluation of the construct, by introducing the Regulatory Emotional Self-Efficacy (RESE) scale. This instrument assesses two broad factors, self-efficacy in managing negative emotions (NEG) and self-efficacy beliefs in expressing positive emotions (POS). We review studies attesting to the reliability of the instrument and reporting gender differences in NEG and POS self-efficacy beliefs. Developmental trajectories of POS and NEG self-efficacy beliefs are also presented, and their pervasiveness is demonstrated with reference to results of several empirical studies. We also discuss differences between regulatory emotional self-efficacy beliefs and constructs classically associated to self-regulation. A critical evaluation of the field of research on regulatory emotional self-efficacy beliefs and suggestions on how to move the field forward is offered.
Individual Differences in Facial Emotion Processing
Authors: Matthews Gerald , Pérez-González Juan-Carlos , Fellner Angela N. , Funke Gregory J. , Emo Amanda K. , Zeidner Moshe , Roberts Richard D.
Published: October 2014

This study tested whether trait emotional intelligence (TEI) measures of narrow bandwidth predict perception of facial emotion, using two tasks: identification of microexpressions of emotion and controlled visual search for target emotions. A total of 129 undergraduates completed multiple scales for TEI, as well as cognitive ability, personality, and stress measures. TEI was associated with a reduced stress response, but failed to predict performance on either task, contrary to the initial hypothesis. However, performance related significantly to higher cognitive intelligence, subjective task engagement, and use of task-focused coping. Individual differences in attentional resources may support processing of both emotive and non-emotive stimuli.