bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Macht, Manipulation und Miteinander—Medienräume des Gerüchts
Authors: Sturm Katharina
Published: November 2019

›Gerücht‹.—Ein Begriff, unter dem sich jeder etwas vorstellen kann und eine Form der Botschaft, die in geradezu unerhörter Weise zu affektieren vermag. Denn wer schätzt nicht eine gute Geschichte, besonders wenn sie vermeintliche Wahrheiten enthüllt, die einen Wissensvorteil, also einen zumindest winzigen Machtvorsprung erlauben?

Geschichten sind Macht, wer Vergangenheit und Gegenwart in eine gute Erzählung zu verkleiden weiß, hält das Geschick der Menschheit in den Händen. Zugegebenermaßen ist dies eine kühne Behauptung. Stark vom Finale der achten Staffel Game of Thrones’ motiviert, macht die Verfasserin dieser Zeilen doch darin eine ganz simple Wahrheit aus: Menschen lieben Unterhaltung, ganz besonders, wenn es sich dabei um sie selbst dreht, wenn sie durch die Einbettung in eine Narration ein Stück Ewigkeit für sich beanspruchen können. Somit leitet dieses Essay auch eine an diesen Gedankengang geknüpfte Überlegung ein: Ist das Gerücht nicht zunächst einfach nur eine unterhaltsame Erzählung, in der wir uns selbst und unsere weltbewegenden Fragen erkennen? Über einen primär emotionalen Zugang soll versucht werden, zu verstehen, warum das Gerücht sich sowohl im Interessensspektrum der Psychoanalyse, als auch in dem der Politik wiederfindet. Wann wird die Geschichte zur Waffe; wann zum ›Monster‹, das sich von unseren Sehnsüchten und Ängsten nährt? Ist das Gerücht ein Medium ›potenziell monströser Machenschaften‹? Ist es ein Werkzeug, das ebenso gut im, wie gegen den Sinn der Demokratie eingesetzt werden kann? Oder ist es vielmehr so, dass jede Waffe letztlich beides ist—je nachdem, wer sie führt? Welche Rolle spielt dabei die gemeinsame Wahrheit als verbindender Faktor, gegen die scheinbare Unwissenheit der Ausgeschlossenen? Zu diesem Zweck soll sich im Folgenden die Betrachtung des Gerüchts aus dem Umkreis von Kunst und Literatur nach und nach ins Zentrum aktueller Mediennutzung vorarbeiten, wobei die emotionale Verbindung zum Rezipienten stets im Blick behalten werden soll. Sowohl Aufbau als auch Inhalt der Untersuchung wollen zeigen, wie sich diese besondere Form der Narrative zunächst auf einer rein ästhetischen, lustvollen Ebene erspüren, dann nach und nach als konkreter Gegenstand der Medienwahrnehmung fassen und schlussendlich bezüglich seiner öffentlichen Wirksamkeit kritisch hinterfragen lässt. Bewusst ist dabei der zeitliche Rahmen, innerhalb dessen das Phänomen betrachtet werden soll, weit gefasst. Es wird versucht, dort in die gegenwärtige Wahrnehmung des Gerüchts einzudringen, wo es sich als ›monströse Entität‹ für oder gegen die Demokratie bemerkbar macht.
A Comparison of Accuracy between IMMULITE2000® and GENEDIA® for Helicobacter pylori Infection
Authors: Lim Seon Hee , Kim Nayoung , Kim Sung Eun , Baik Gwang Ho , Lee Ju Yup , Park Kyung Sik , Shin Jeong Eun , Song Hyun Joo , Myung Dae-Seong , Choi Suck Chei , Kim Hyun Jin
Published: November 2019

Background/Aims: In serological tests for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (GENEDIA®) and a solid-phase, two-step chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay (IMMULITE®), which are easy to perform, inexpensive, and widely available, are commonly used. However, local validation of the test performance of IMMULITE® is required. This study aimed to examine the performance of IMMULITE® in comparison with that of GENEDIA® in a Korean health checkup population.Materials and Methods: The sera of 300 subjects among those who underwent health checkup were analyzed using IMMULITE®, and results were compared with those of GENEDIA®. The two serological tests were compared for their ability to predict atrophic gastritis (AG) or intestinal metaplasia (IM) on endoscopy.Results: We found significant correlation (Pearson correlation coefficient=0.903, P<0.0001) and an almost perfect agreement (Cohen’s Kappa coefficient=0.987, P<0.0001) between the results of GENEDIA® and IMMULITE®. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) for AG using GENEDIA® and IMMULITE® were 0.590 and 0.604, respectively, and showed no statistically significant difference in predictive ability for AG (Z-statistics=-0.517, P=0.605). The AUC for IM by GENEDIA® and IMMULITE® were 0.578 and 0.593, respectively, with no statistically significant difference in predictive ability for IM between the two values (Z-statistics=-0.398, P=0.691).Conclusions: No statistically significant difference in diagnostic value for H. pylori infection was found between GENEDIA® and IMMULITE®.
Combining data from different sampling methods to study the development of an alien crabChionoecetes opilioinvasion in the remote and pristine Arctic Kara Sea
Authors: Zalota Anna K. , Zimina Olga L. , Spiridonov Vassily A.
Published: November 2019

Data obtained using three different types of sampling gear is compared and combined to assess the size composition and density of a non-indigenous snow crab populationChionoecetes opilioin the previously free of alien species Kara Sea benthos. The Sigsbee trawl has small mesh and catches even recently settled crabs. The large bottom trawl is able to catch large crabs, but does not retain younger crabs, due to its large mesh. Video sampling allows the observation of larger crabs, although some smaller crabs can also be spotted. The combined use of such gear could provide full scope data of the existing size groups in a population. The density of the crabs was calculated from the video footage. The highest figures were in Blagopoluchiya Bay at 0.87 crabs/m2, where the settlement seems to be reaching its first peak of population growth after the introduction. High density in the Kara Gates Strait at 0.55 crabs/m2, could be due to the close proximity of the Barents Sea from where the crabs can enter by both larval dispersal and active adult migration. All size groups have been present in most sampled areas, which suggest successful settlement and growth of crabs over a number of years. Again, this was not the case in Blagopoluchiya Bay with high density of small crabs (<30 mm CW), which confirms its recent population growth. Male to female ratio was strikingly different between the bays of the Novaya Zemlya Archipelago and west of the Yamal Peninsula (0.8 and 3.8 respectively). Seventy five ovigerous females were caught in 2016, which confirms the presence of a reproducing population in the Kara Sea. The spatial structure of the snow crab population in the Kara Sea is still in the process of formation. The presented data indicates that this process may lead to a complex system, which is based on local recruitment and transport of larvae from the Barents Sea and across the western Kara shelf; formation of nursery grounds; active migration of adults and their concentration in the areas of the shelf with appropriate feeding conditions.
Idiosyncratic changes in spring arrival dates of Pacific Northwest migratory birds
Authors: Robinson W. Douglas , Partipilo Christina , Hallman Tyler A. , Fairchild Karan , Fairchild James P.
Published: November 2019

Shifts in the timing of bird migration have been associated with climatic change and species traits. However, climatic change does not affect all species or geographic locations equally. Climate in the Pacific Northwest has shifted during the last century with mean temperatures increasing by 1 °C but little change in total annual precipitation. Few long-term data on migration phenology of birds are available in the Pacific Northwest. We analyzed trends in spring arrival dates from a site in the Oregon Coast Range where nearly daily inventories of birds were conducted in 24 of 29 years. Several species showed statistically significant shifts in timing of first spring arrivals. Six of 18 species occur significantly earlier now than during the initial phase of the study. One species arrives significantly later. Eleven show no significant shifts in timing. We associated trends in spring migration phenology with regional climatic variables, weather (precipitation and temperature), traits of species such as migration strategy, foraging behavior, diet, and habitat use, and regional trends in abundance as indexed by Breeding Bird Survey data. We found no set of variables consistently correlated with avian phenological changes. Post hoc analyses of additional climate variables revealed an association of migratory arrival dates across the 18 species with rainfall totals in northern California, presumably indicating that songbird arrival dates in Oregon are slowed by spring storm systems in California. When only the six species with the most strongly advancing arrival dates were analyzed, winter maximum temperatures in the preceding three winters appeared consistently in top models, suggesting a possible role for food availability early in spring to promote the survival and successful reproduction of the earliest-arriving birds. However, additional data on food availability and avian survival and reproductive success are required to test that hypothesis. Despite the appearance of some climate variables in top models, there remains a mismatch between strongly advancing arrival dates in some songbirds and a lack of clear directional change in those climate variables. We conclude that either some previously unrecognized variable or combination of variables has affected the timing of migration in some species but not others, or the appearance of statistically significant directional changes over time can occur without being driven by consistent environmental or species-specific factors.
Genome-wide analysis of transcription factors related to anthocyanin biosynthesis in carmine radish (Raphanus sativus L.) fleshy roots
Authors: Gao Jian , Peng Hua , Chen Fabo , Luo Mao , Li Wenbo
Published: November 2019

Carmine radish produced in Chongqing is famous for containing a natural red pigment (red radish pigment). However, the anthocyanin biosynthesis transcriptome and the expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis-related genes in carmine radish have not been fully investigated. Uncovering the mechanism of anthocyanin biosynthesis in the ‘Hongxin 1’ carmine radish cultivar has become a dominant research topic in this field. In this study, a local carmine radish cultivar named ‘Hongxin 1’ containing a highly natural red pigment was used to analyze transcription factors (TFs) related to anthocyanin biosynthesis during the dynamic development of fleshy roots. Based on RNA sequencing data, a total of 1,747 TFs in 64 TF families were identified according to their DNA-binding domains. Of those, approximately 71 differentially expressed transcription factors (DETFs) were commonly detected in any one stage compared with roots in the seedling stage (SS_root). Moreover, 26 transcripts of DETFs targeted by 74 miRNAs belonging to 25 miRNA families were identified, including MYB, WRKY, bHLH, ERF, GRAS, NF-YA, C2H2-Dof, and HD-ZIP. Finally, eight DETF transcripts belonging to the C2C2-Dof, bHLH and ERF families and their eight corresponding miRNAs were selected for qRT-PCR to verify their functions related to anthocyanin biosynthesis during the development of carmine radish fleshy roots. Finally, we propose a putative miRNA-target regulatory model associated with anthocyanin biosynthesis in carmine radish. Our findings suggest that sucrose synthase might act as an important regulator to modulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in carmine radish by inducing several miRNAs (miR165a-5p, miR172b, miR827a, miR166g and miR1432-5p) targeting different ERFs than candidate miRNAs in the traditional WMBW complex in biological processes.
A Study on Properties and Applications of a Lomax Gompertz-Makeham Distribution
Authors: Eraikhuemen Innocent Boyle , Godfrey Ieren Terna , Mabur Tajan Mashingil , Sa’ad Mohammed , Kuje Samson , Felix Chama Adana’a
Published: November 2019

The article presents an extension of the Gompertz-Makeham distribution using the Lomax generator of probability distributions. This generalization of the Gompertz-Makeham distribution provides a more skewed and flexible compound model called Lomax Gompertz-Makeham distribution. The paper derives and discusses some Mathematical and Statistical properties of the new distribution. The unknown parameters of the new model are estimated via the method of maximum likelihood estimation. In conclusion, the new distribution is applied to two real life datasets together with two other related models to check its flexibility or performance and the results indicate that the proposed extension is more flexible compared to the other two distributions considered in the paper based on the two datasets used.
To Evaluate the Effect of Storage Temperature on the Linear Dimensional Accuracy of Delayed and Repeat Pours of Two Addition Silicone Impression Materials
Authors: Kinra Manish Sen
Published: November 2019

Background: Addition silicone elastomers are the most commonly used impression materials for making final impression for fpd, implants and rpd. The dimensional stability and accuracy of addition silicone impression material are influenced by the storage time, temperature and repeat pour.

Aim and Objectives: To evaluate the accuracy of two different types of addition silicone elastomeric impression materials, stored at a different temperature. To evaluate the accuracy of two different types of addition silicone elastomeric impression materials, after delayed and repeated pour. To compare the linear dimensions of two different types of addition silicone elastomeric impression materials with a control die.

Materials and Methods: A machined standard steel master die and metal custom impression tray was made for making a final impression of machined standard steel master die. Final impression was made by using two different brands of addition silicone impression materials (Aquasil Ultra Impression material, Dentsply/ Caulk, Milford, D & 3M ESPE). Double step putty light body impression technique was used for making final impression. In this manner total numbers of 80 impressions were made and they were divided into two groups Group I and Group II. To study the effect of delayed pours and storage temperature were divided into 4 sub-groups, 10 impressions each. All the ten impressions of each sub groups were stored at 40°C in acrylizer, 24 hours at -10°C, 48 hours at -2°C and 1 week respectively at 0°C inside a refrigerator in a sealed plastic bags before been poured with type IV die stone. To study the effect of repeat pours on the accuracy of stone casts, all ten impressions of each sub groups was immediately re poured with type IV die stone after the removal of first set of casts. Thus again a fresh set of 80 cats were obtained having 40 casts belongs to each group.

Results: When impressions were stored at 40°C in acrylizer, 24 hours at -10°C, 48 hours at -2°C and 1 week respectively at 0°C addition silicone impression materials did not show any significant change when compared to control samples.

Conclusion: Both types of addition silicone elastomeric impression materials maintained their accuracy after delayed poured and repeat pours. Storing impressions under different conditions caused no adverse effect upon the accuracy of both types of addition silicone elastomeric impression materials. There was no significant change in the dimensions of stone casts obtained from both impression materials as compared to the dimensions of a master die. If addition silicone impression material is delayed pour up to 1 week, repeat pour and exposed from -10°C to 40°C in that clinical situation also linear dimensional accuracy will not be adversely effected.
Improving the Quality of Care for Acute Pain Management in Recovery Room at the Georgetown Public Hospital Corporation
Authors: Husbands-Anderson Dorette , Szerb Jennifer , Harvey Alexandra
Published: November 2019

Objectives: To observe the method of pain assessment and pain management intervention performed by nurses in the PACU.

Methods and Design: A QI prospective observational study was conducted to observe nurse’s pain assessment and management of thirty (30) patients from the time of PACU admission to discharge. The sample size was determined using the sealed envelope power calculator.

Data Collection Included: patients demographics, the method and frequency of pain assessments as well as modalities of the pain intervention and the type and average dose of pain medications administered by PACU nurses.

Data analysis was done using Microsoft excel.

Results: No validated pain assessment tool was used in the PACU.  The majority of patients 67%, n=20) had no pain assessments or pain interventions. When performed, the frequency of pain assessments recorded were low, 70% of patients had 1-2 assessments. The principal pain management intervention was pharmacological with the use of opioids, accounting for 96%.

Conclusion: Post-operative pain management in the PACU at GPHC does not meet accepted standards of care. More frequent nursing pain assessment using a validated pain assessment tool is required. Monotherapy with the opioid was the main pain intervention for pain management.

Recommendations: Effective pain management begins with the appropriate pain assessment; therefore pain management education programs for health care professionals are essential. Also, the implementation of a standardized pain assessment tool, a standardized post anesthetic order sheet with a multimodal approach to pain management and restructuring the post-anesthetic record to allow for documentation of pain assessment will greatly improve pain management in the PACU.
Organic Photodetectors and their Application in Large Area and Flexible Image Sensors: The Role of Dark Current
Authors: Simone Giulio , Dyson Matthew J. , Meskers Stefan C. J. , Janssen René A. J. , Gelinck Gerwin H.
Published: November 2019

Organic photodetectors (OPDs) have gained increasing interest as they offer cost‐effective fabrication methods using low temperature processes, making them particularly attractive for large area image detectors on lightweight flexible plastic substrates. Moreover, their photophysical and optoelectronic properties can be tuned both at a material and device level. Visible‐light OPDs are proposed for use in indirect‐conversion X‐ray detectors, fingerprint scanners, and intelligent surfaces for gesture recognition. Near‐infrared OPDs find applications in biomedical imaging and optical communications. For most applications, minimizing the OPD dark current density (Jd) is crucial to improve important figures of merits such as the signal‐to‐noise ratio, the linear dynamic range, and the specific detectivity (D*). Here, a quantitative analysis of the intrinsic dark current processes shows that charge injection from the electrodes is the dominant contribution to Jd in OPDs. Jd reduction is typically addressed by fine‐tuning the active layer energetics and stratification or by using charge blocking layers. Yet, most experimental Jd values are higher than the calculated intrinsic limit. Possible reasons for this deviation are discussed, including extrinsic defects in the photoactive layer and the presence of trap states. This provides the reader with guidelines to improve the OPD performances in view of imaging applications.
Recent Advances in Hemostasis at the Nanoscale
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Xiong , Liu Qi , Sui Jin‐Xia , Ramakrishna Seeram , Yu Miao , Zhou Yu , Jiang Xing‐Yu , Long Yun‐Ze
Published: November 2019

Rapid and effective hemostatic materials have received wide attention not only in the battlefield but also in hospitals and clinics. Traditional hemostasis relies on materials with little designability which has many limitations. Nanohemostasis has been proposed since the use of peptides in hemostasis. Nanomaterials exhibit excellent adhesion, versatility, and designability compared to traditional materials, laying a good foundation for future hemostatic materials. This review first summarizes current hemostatic methods and materials, and then introduces several cutting‐edge designs and applications of nanohemostatic materials such as polypeptide assembly, electrospinning of cyanoacrylate, and nanochitosan. Particularly, their advantages and working mechanisms are introduced. Finally, the challenges and prospects of nanohemostasis are discussed.
An Injectable Neural Stimulation Electrode Made from an In‐Body Curing Polymer/Metal Composite
Authors: Trevathan James K. , Baumgart Ian W. , Nicolai Evan N. , Gosink Brian A. , Asp Anders J. , Settell Megan L. , Polaconda Shyam R. , Malerick Kevin D. , Brodnick Sarah K. , Zeng Weifeng , Knudsen Bruce E. , McConico Andrea L. , Sanger Zachary , Lee Jannifer H. , Aho Johnathon M. , Suminski Aaron J. , Ross Erika K. , Lujan Jose L. , Weber Douglas J. , Williams Justin C. , Franke Manfred , Ludwig Kip A. , Shoffstall Andrew J.
Published: November 2019

Implanted neural stimulation and recording devices hold vast potential to treat a variety of neurological conditions, but the invasiveness, complexity, and cost of the implantation procedure greatly reduce access to an otherwise promising therapeutic approach. To address this need, a novel electrode that begins as an uncured, flowable prepolymer that can be injected around a neuroanatomical target to minimize surgical manipulation is developed. Referred to as the Injectrode, the electrode conforms to target structures forming an electrically conductive interface which is orders of magnitude less stiff than conventional neuromodulation electrodes. To validate the Injectrode, detailed electrochemical and microscopy characterization of its material properties is performed and the feasibility of using it to stimulate the nervous system electrically in rats and swine is validated. The silicone‐metal‐particle composite performs very similarly to pure wire of the same metal (silver) in all measures, including exhibiting a favorable cathodic charge storage capacity (CSCC) and charge injection limits compared to the clinical LivaNova stimulation electrode and silver wire electrodes. By virtue of its simplicity, the Injectrode has the potential to be less invasive, more robust, and more cost‐effective than traditional electrode designs, which could increase the adoption of neuromodulation therapies for existing and new indications.
Controlled Growth Factor Release in 3D‐Printed Hydrogels
Authors: Wang Pengrui , Berry David , Moran Amy , He Frank , Tam Trevor , Chen Luwen , Chen Shaochen
Published: November 2019

Growth factors (GFs) are critical components in governing cell fate during tissue regeneration. Their controlled delivery is challenging due to rapid turnover rates in vivo. Functionalized hydrogels, such as heparin‐based hydrogels, have demonstrated great potential in regulating GF release. While the retention effects of various concentrations and molecular weights of heparin have been investigated, the role of geometry is unknown. In this work, 3D printing is used to fabricate GF‐embedded heparin‐based hydrogels with arbitrarily complex geometry (i.e., teabag, flower shapes). Simplified cylindrical core–shell structures with varied shell thickness are printed, and the rates of GF release are measured over the course of 28 days. Increasing the shell layers' thickness decreases the rate of GF release. Additionally, a mathematical model is developed, which is found capable of accurately predicting GF release kinetics in hydrogels with shell layers greater than 0.5 mm thick (R2 > 0.96). Finally, the sequential release is demonstrated by printing two GFs in alternating radial layers. By switching the spatial order, the delivery sequence of the GFs can be modulated. This study demonstrates how 3D printing can be utilized to fabricate user‐defined structures with unique geometry in order to control the rate of GF release in hydrogels.
131I‐Labeled Multifunctional Polyphosphazene Nanospheres for SPECT Imaging‐Guided Radiotherapy of Tumors
Authors: Zhu Wei , Zhao Lingzhou , Fan Yu , Zhao Jinhua , Shi Xiangyang , Shen Mingwu
Published: November 2019

Design of theranostic nanoplatforms represents a major topic for current nanomedicine. Here, the preparation of multifunctional poly(cyclotriphosphazene‐co‐polyethylenimine) nanospheres (PNSs) labeled with radionuclide 131I for single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging‐guided radiotherapy of tumors is reported. In this work, PNSs are prepared using hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene as a crosslinker to crosslink branched polyethylenimine (PEI) via a nucleophilic substitution reaction, modified with 3‐(4′‐hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid‐OSu (HPAO) for 131I labeling, and reacted with 1,3‐propane sulfonate (1,3‐PS) to render the particles with antifouling property, followed by acetylation of the remaining surface amines and labeling with 131I. The acquired PNS.NHAc‐HPAO(131I)‐PS particles are well characterized. It is shown that the multifunctional PNSs with an average size of 184 ± 29.3 nm exhibit favorable antifouling properties, high 131I labeling efficiency (76.05 ± 3.75%), and excellent radiostability and colloidal stability. With these properties owned, the developed PNS.NHAc‐HPAO(131I)‐PS spheres enable much more efficient SPECT imaging and radiotherapy of a xenografted tumor model in vivo than the PEI counterpart material (PEI.NHAc‐HPAO(131I)‐PS). The developed PNSs may be used as a versatile platform for further development of different forms of nanomedicine for various biomedical applications.
Continuous and Controllable Liquid Transfer Guided by a Fibrous Liquid Bridge: Toward High‐Performance QLEDs
Authors: Li Xiaoxun , Hu Binbin , Zhang Min , Wang Xiao , Chen Ling , Wang Aqiang , Wang Yunjun , Du Zuliang , Jiang Lei , Liu Huan
Published: November 2019

Solution processing is widely used for preparing quantum dot (QD) films for fabricating QD light‐emitting diode display (QLED) devices. However, current approaches suffer from either the coffee‐ring effect or a large amount of wasted solution, leading to low performance and high cost. Here, a facile approach guided by a fibrous liquid bridge is developed for the continuous and controllable transfer of QD solution into ultrasmooth films by using a taut fiber with its two ends placed into capillary tubes. Guided along the fiber, a liquid bridge is formed between the horizontal fiber and the substrate, with a large mass of liquid steadily being held within the vertically placed tubes. Directionally moving the liquid bridge generates a high‐quality QD film on the substrate. Particularly, the liquid consumption is quantitative, namely, in proportion to the area of the as‐prepared film. Moreover, multilayered ultrasmooth red/green/blue QD films are prepared by multiple transfers of liquid onto the same targeted area in sequence. The as‐prepared white QLEDs show a rather high performance with a maximum luminance of 57 190 cd m−2 and a maximum current efficiency of 15.868 cd A−1. It is envisioned that this strategy offers new perspectives for the low‐cost fabrication of high‐performance QLED devices.
Low‐Bandgap Se‐Deficient Antimony Selenide as a Multifunctional Polysulfide Barrier toward High‐Performance Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Tian Yuan , Li Gaoran , Zhang Yongguang , Luo Dan , Wang Xin , Zhao Yan , Liu Hui , Ji Puguang , Du Xiaohang , Li Jingde , Chen Zhongwei
Published: November 2019

The shuttling behavior and sluggish conversion kinetics of the intermediate lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) represent the main obstructions to the practical application of lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries. Herein, an anion‐deficient design of antimony selenide (Sb2Se3−x) is developed to establish a multifunctional LiPS barrier toward the inhibition of polysulfide shuttling and enhancement of battery performance. The defect chemistry in the as‐developed Sb2Se3−x promotes the intrinsic conductivity, strengthens the chemical affinity to LiPSs, and catalyzes the sulfur electrochemical conversion, which are verified by a series of computational and experimental results. Attributed to these unique superiorities, the obtained LiPS barrier efficiently promotes and stabilizes the sulfur electrochemistry, thus enabling excellent Li–S battery performance, e.g., outstanding cyclability over 500 cycles at 1.0 C with a minimum capacity fading rate of 0.027% per cycle, a superb rate capability up to 8.0 C, and a high areal capacity of 7.46 mAh cm−2 under raised sulfur loading. This work offers a defect engineering strategy toward fast and durable sulfur electrochemistry, holding great promise in developing practically viable Li–S batteries as well as enlightening the material design of related energy storage and conversion systems.
Dual‐Ionically Bound Single‐Site Rhodium on Porous Ionic Polymer Rivals Commercial Methanol Carbonylation Catalysts
Authors: Ren Zhou , Lyu Yuan , Song Xiangen , Liu Yang , Jiang Zheng , Lin Ronghe , Ding Yunjie
Published: November 2019

Novel porous polymers can serve as self‐supporting solid carriers and provide abundant coordination or charged sites for single‐site metals, and thus are emerging as advanced functional materials in heterogeneous catalysis for various transformations traditionally catalyzed by homogeneous systems. A brief overview of the development of this heterogenization given, including the recent advances regarding electrovalent bonds by employing charged supports represented by porous ionic polymers (PIPs), which is exemplified herein with a novel single‐site Rh1/PIP catalyst, featuring a new active site [Rh(CO)I3]2− dual‐ionically bound onto a quaternary phosphonium cationic framework polymer, different from the single‐ionically bound [Rh(CO)2I2]− in previous studies. Such a unique metal configuration of Rh1/PIP leads to excellent performance in vapor‐phase methanol carbonylation, outperforming commercial homo‐ and heterogeneous catalysts.
Sensitive Wearable Temperature Sensor with Seamless Monolithic Integration
Authors: Shin Jaeho , Jeong Buseong , Kim Jinmo , Nam Vu Binh , Yoon Yeosang , Jung Jinwook , Hong Sukjoon , Lee Habeom , Eom Hyeonjin , Yeo Junyeob , Choi Joonhwa , Lee Daeho , Ko Seung Hwan
Published: November 2019

Accurate temperature field measurement provides critical information in many scientific problems. Herein, a new paradigm for highly sensitive, flexible, negative temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistor‐based artificial skin is reported, with the highest temperature sensing ability reported to date among previously reported NTC thermistors. This artificial skin is achieved through the development of a novel monolithic laser‐induced reductive sintering scheme and unique monolithic structures. The unique seamless monolithic structure simultaneously integrates two different components (a metal electrode and metal oxide sensing channel) from the same material at ambient pressure, which cannot be achieved by conventional heterogeneous integration through multiple, complex steps of photolithography or vacuum deposition. In addition to superior performance, electronic skin with high temperature sensitivity can be fabricated on heat‐sensitive polymer substrates due to the low‐temperature requirements of the process. As a proof of concept, temperature‐sensitive artificial skin is tested with conformally attachable physiological temperature sensor arrays in the measurement of the temperatures of exhaled breath for the early detection of pathogenic progression in the respiratory system. The proposed highly sensitive flexible temperature sensor and monolithic selective laser reductive sintering are expected to greatly contribute to the development of essential components in various emerging research fields, including soft robotics and healthcare systems.
An Easily Assembled Electromagnetic‐Triboelectric Hybrid Nanogenerator Driven by Magnetic Coupling for Fluid Energy Harvesting and Self‐Powered Flow Monitoring in a Smart Home/City
Authors: Zhong Yiming , Zhao Haibo , Guo Yuanchao , Rui Pinshu , Shi Shiwei , Zhang Wen , Liao Yanlin , Wang Peihong , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: November 2019

Harvesting wind energy and water flow energy from the living environment to efficiently and conveniently power many small electric devices at home is becoming increasingly important for the development of the smart home system. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are considered to be one of the most effective devices to harness various types of mechanical energy. Here, an easily assembled electromagnetic‐triboelectric hybrid nanogenerator (EANG) driven by magnetic coupling is reported. The introduction of magnetic coupling makes it easy to package, maintain, and assemble a nanogenerator (NG), so its performance is very stable regardless of environmental variations. A sliding freestanding mode TENG and a rotary electromagnetic generator (EMG) are integrated to improve their output and broaden the frequency range of external energy. It is shown that the EANG can be conveniently integrated with a wind cup or water turbine and harvest fluid energy to power small electronic devices, such as a humidity sensor and temperature sensor. Moreover, a NG can be used as a self‐powered flow sensor to monitor the flow rate of outdoor wind and tap water. These results can be used to help solve practical problems regarding energy supplying and sensing in a smart home, smart building, and smart city.
Efficient All‐Solution‐Processed Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes Enabled by Small‐Molecule Doped Electron Injection Layers
Authors: Zhang Jianfeng , Wang Haoran , Cao Fan , Wang Sheng , Wu Jialong , Dou Yongjiang , Zhang Jianhua , Chen Jing , Zhao Dewei , Yang Xuyong
Published: November 2019

Metal halide perovskites have attracted considerable attention in the field of light‐emitting diodes due to their high color purity and solution processability. However, most perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) employ thermally deposited charge transport layers (CTLs) on top of perovskite layers. In order to realize low‐cost and scalable fabrication of PeLEDs, all‐solution process is highly desired, but still remaining great challenges. Here, an efficient all‐solution‐processed green PeLEDs is reported by incorporating 1,3,5‐tris(1‐phenyl‐1H‐benzimidazol‐2‐yl)benzene (TPBi) doped conjugated amino‐alkyl substituted polyfluorene poly[(9,9‐bis(3′‐(N,N‐dimethylamino)propyl)‐2,7‐fluorene)‐alt‐2,7‐(9,9‐dioctylfluorene)] (PFN) electron injection layer, achieving a maximum luminance of 9875 cd m−2, a high current efficiency of 10.41 cd A−1, and an external quantum efficiency of 3.19%. Since the solvents used for perovskite precursors and PFN are orthogonal, the protected and complete interface of perovskite film and CTL is effectively obtained by solution processes. The doping of TPBi into PFN not only enhances the capability of electron injection, but also significantly suppresses the emission quenching of perovskite films caused by the charge transfer between perovskite and PFN due to the reduced difference in their work functions. This work provides an efficient approach for the development of all‐solution‐processed PeLEDs.
Quantum Noise and Squeezed Light by Dipolaritons in the Nonlinear Regime
Authors: Jabri Houcem , Eleuch Hichem
Published: November 2019

The quantum noise and the squeezing effect, in the transmitted light, by a dipolariton system formed by a double quantum wells microcavity in the strong coupling regime are investigated. It is shown that the indirect exciton nonlinearity generates stronger squeezing than the direct exciton nonlinearity, nevertheless produces very high fluctuations for some particular detunings and nonlinearities. The system shows a considerable sensitivity to the thermal excitations where the coupling to the direct and indirect excitonic thermal baths progressively destroys the nonclassical effect. Despite that, indirect exciton squeezing manifests a higher resistance against the thermal bath temperature. As a result, the emission field is strongly governed by the indirect excitons, varying between robust squeezing and excess noise.
In Vivo Solid‐Phase Microextraction for Sampling of Oxylipins in Brain of Awake, Moving Rats
Authors: Napylov Alexander , Reyes‐Garces Nathaly , Gomez‐Rios German , Olkowicz Mariola , Lendor Sofia , Monnin Cian , Bojko Barbara , Hamani Clement , Pawliszyn Janusz , Vuckovic Dajana
Published: November 2019

Oxylipins are key lipid mediators of important brain processes, including pain, sleep, oxidative stress, and inflammation. For the first time, an in‐depth profile of up to 52 oxylipins can be obtained from the brains of awake moving animals using in vivo solid‐phase microextraction (SPME) chemical biopsy tool in combination with liquid chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry. Among these, 23 oxylipins are detectable in the majority of healthy wildtype samples. This new approach successfully eliminates the changes in oxylipin concentrations routinely observed during the analysis of post‐mortem samples, allows time‐course monitoring of their concentrations with high spatial resolution in specific brain regions of interest, and can be performed using the same experimental set‐up as in vivo microdialysis (MD) thus providing a new and exciting tool in neuroscience and drug discovery.
Controllable Synthesis of Multicompartmental Particles Using 3D Microfluidics
Authors: Wu Zengnan , Zheng Yajing , Lin Ling , Mao Sifeng , Li Zenghe , Lin Jin‐Ming
Published: November 2019

A microfluidic assembly method based on a microfluidic chip and capillary device was developed to create multicompartmental particles. The microfluidic chip design endows the particles with regulable internal structure. By adjusting the microstructure of the chip, the diameter of the capillary, the gap length between the two microfluidic components, and the flow rates, the size of the particles and the number or the ratio of different regions within the particle could be widely varied. As a proof of concept, we have produced some complicated particles that even contain 20 compartments. Furthermore, the potential applications of the anisotropic particles are explored by encapsulating magnetic beads, fluorescent nanoparticles, and the cells into different compartments of the microparticles. We believe that this method will open new avenues for the design and application of multicompartmental particles.
Self‐Assembling Supramolecular Hybrid Hydrogel Beads
Authors: Piras Carmen C. , Slavik Petr , Smith David K.
Published: November 2019

With the goal of imposing shape and structure on supramolecular gels, we combine a low‐molecular‐weight gelator (LMWG) with the polymer gelator (PG) calcium alginate in a hybrid hydrogel. By imposing thermal and temporal control of the orthogonal gelation methods, the system either forms an extended interpenetrating network or core–shell‐structured gel beads—a rare example of a supramolecular gel formulated inside discrete gel spheres. The self‐assembled LMWG retains its unique properties within the beads, such as remediating PdII and reducing it in situ to yield catalytically active Pd0 nanoparticles. A single PdNP‐loaded gel bead can catalyse the Suzuki–Miyaura reaction, constituting a simple and easy‐to‐use reaction‐dosing form. These uniquely shaped and structured LMWG‐filled gel beads are a versatile platform technology with great potential in a range of applications.
Unambiguous Intracellular Localization and Quantification of a Potent Iridium Anticancer Compound by Correlative 3D Cryo X‐Ray Imaging
Authors: Conesa José Javier , Carrasco Ana C. , Rodríguez‐Fanjul Vanessa , Yang Yang , Carrascosa José L. , Cloetens Peter , Pereiro Eva , Pizarro Ana M.
Published: November 2019

The iridium half‐sandwich complex [Ir(η5:κ1‐C5Me4CH2py)(2‐phenylpyridine)]PF6 is highly cytotoxic: 15–250× more potent than clinically used cisplatin in several cancer cell lines. We have developed a correlative 3D cryo X‐ray imaging approach to specifically localize and quantify iridium within the whole hydrated cell at nanometer resolution. By means of cryo soft X‐ray tomography (cryo‐SXT), which provides the cellular ultrastructure at 50 nm resolution, and cryo hard X‐ray fluorescence tomography (cryo‐XRF), which provides the elemental sensitivity with a 70 nm step size, we have located the iridium anticancer agent exclusively in the mitochondria. Our methodology provides unique information on the intracellular fate of the metallodrug, without chemical fixation, labeling, or mechanical manipulation of the cells. This cryo‐3D correlative imaging method can be applied to a number of biochemical processes for specific elemental localization within the native cellular landscape.
Searching for Small Molecules with an Atomic Sort
Authors: Duggan Brendan M. , Cullum Reiko , Fenical William , Amador Luis A. , Rodríguez Abimael D. , La Clair James J.
Published: November 2019

The discovery of biologically active small molecules requires sifting through large amounts of data to identify unique or unusual arrangements of atoms. Here, we develop, test and evaluate an atom‐based sort to identify novel features of secondary metabolites and demonstrate its use to evaluate novelty in marine microbial and sponge extracts. This study outlines an important ongoing advance towards the translation of autonomous systems to identify, and ultimately elucidate, atomic novelty within a complex mixture of small molecules.
Adsorption mechanism of copper ions in aqueous solution by chitosan–carboxymethyl starch composites
Authors: Chen Liang , Hao HongYing , Zhang WanTing , Shao Ziqiang
Published: November 2019

Based on the structural characteristics of chitosan (CTS) and carboxymethyl starch (CMS)， CTS–CMS composites were prepared by crosslinking. The composites had a plurality of reactive functional groups such as NH2, NH3+, COOH, and OH and are applied to the adsorption of Cu2+ in aqueous solution. The adsorption capacity and stability in acidic solution of the composites were preferable to that of raw material. The effects of temperature, contact time, initial concentration, and pH on the adsorption of Cu2+ were investigated. Infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope–energy dispersive spectrometer, X‐ray diffraction, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to explore the adsorption mechanism. The experiment showed that chemisorption and physisorption coexisted in the adsorption process. It is promising to apply this adsorbent to remove the metal ions in wastewater. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48636.
Sodalite‐type Cu‐based Three‐dimensional Metal–Organic Framework for Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Mani Prabu , Devadas Sharat , Gurusamy Tamilselvi , Karthik Pitchiah Esakki , Ratheesh Balu P. , Ramanujam Kothandaraman , Mandal Sukhendu
Published: November 2019

Inspired by copper‐based oxygen reduction biocatalysts, we have studied the electrocatalytic behavior of a Cu‐based MOF (Cu‐BTT) for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline medium. This catalyst reduces the oxygen at the onset (Eonset) and half‐wave potential (E1/2) of 0. 940 V and 0.778 V, respectively. The high halfway potential supports the good activity of Cu‐BTT MOF. The high ORR catalytic activity can be interpreted by the presence of nitrogen‐rich ligand (tetrazole) and the generation of nascent copper(I) during the reaction. In addition to the excellent activity, Cu‐BTT MOF showed exceptional stability too, which was confirmed through chronoamperometry study, where current was unchanged up to 12 h. Further, the 4‐electrons transfer of ORR kinetics was confirmed by hydrodynamic voltammetry. The oxygen active center namely copper(I) generation during ORR has been understood by the reduction peak in cyclic voltammetry as well in the XPS analysis.
Anwendungsmöglichkeiten eines digitalen Baugrundmodells im Tunnelbau
Authors: Fröch Georg , Flora Matthias , Gächter Werner , Harpf Florian , Tautschnig Arnold
Published: November 2019

Digitale Bauwerksmodelle zur Unterstützung der relevanten Prozesse in der Wertschöpfungskette Bau erobern zunehmend den Infrastrukturbau. Während im Hochbau 3‐D‐Planung und BIM gebräuchlich sind, werden die Planungsunterlagen von Infrastrukturbauwerken derzeit noch mehrheitlich in 2‐D ausgearbeitet. Falls die Planung dreidimensional erfolgt, werden in den wenigsten Fällen den Volumenkörpern Eigenschaften zugeordnet. Diese Zuordnung wäre jedoch eine Grundvoraussetzung für die „BIM‐Arbeitsweise“.

Ein weiterer Unterschied zum Hochbau ist die wesentlich stärkere Interaktion der gewählten Baumethoden mit dem Baugrund. Dies trifft in speziellem Maße auf den Tunnelbau zu, da das Baugrundverhalten primär von der Interaktion des gewählten Bauverfahrens mit dem Baugrund abhängig ist. Trotz umfassender Vorauserkundungsmaßnahmen sind die geotechnischen Eigenschaften und das Baugrundverhalten im Voraus nie vollständig bekannt.

Bei der Anwendung von BIM im Infrastrukturbau ergeben sich somit spezielle Anforderungen an das digitale Baugrundmodell, um dieses als umfassende Basis für die typischen Anwendungsfälle wie Simulation und Auswahl von Bauverfahren, Massen‐ und Kostenermittlungen, Beobachtung und Dokumentation des Baugrundverhaltens während dem Vortrieb verwenden zu können. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird ein prototypischer Weg aufgezeigt, wie ein Baugrundmodell in einer BIM‐fähigen Software erstellt und verarbeitet werden kann.
Berkson's paradox and weighted distributions: An application to Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Economou Polychronis , Batsidis Apostolos , Tzavelas George , Alexopoulos Panagiotis ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: November 2019

One reason for observing in practice a false positive or negative correlation between two random variables, which are either not correlated or correlated with a different direction, is the overrepresentation in the sample of individuals satisfying specific properties. In 1946, Berkson first illustrated the presence of a false correlation due to this last reason, which is known as Berkson's paradox and is one of the most famous paradox in probability and statistics. In this paper, the concept of weighted distributions is utilized to describe Berskon's paradox. Moreover, a proper procedure is suggested to make inference for the population given a biased sample which possesses all the characteristics of Berkson's paradox. A real data application for patients with dementia due to Alzheimer's disease demonstrates that the proposed method reveals characteristics of the population that are masked by the sampling procedure.
Synthesis and Characteristics of CuO Immobilized in Porous Alumina for the Removal of Hydrogen Generated by the Fission 99Mo Production
Authors: Kang Myunggoo , Jung Hyun , Choi Kang Hyuk , Lee Jun Sig
Published: November 2019

Fission 99Mo, which is one of the fission products from the irradiated 235U target, has been mainly produced through the dissolving procedure in an alkali solution. However, this approach has problems with the explosion of the generated hydrogen gas. In this research, we designed the porous alumina ball immobilized in CuO (CuO‐PAB) for the hydrogen removal. The CuO‐PAB was prepared by calcining the commercial PAB absorbed Cu ion. The nano‐sized CuO particles are distributed evenly in the porous network of PAB without any significant aggregation. Also, the wall of the PAB's pore channel hinders the aggregation and growth of CuO particles during the hydrogen removal process. These structural benefits show that the CuO‐PAB is superior to bulk‐CuO at the capacity and reaction rate of hydrogen conversion. Furthermore, these performances were durable in the recycling experiments.