bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Of the King’s Edict I do You no Command”: Vernacular Literary Networks and the Reformation in the Low Countries
Authors: Van Bruaene Anne-Laure
Published: November 2014

Der vorliegende Aufsatz erprobt die Netzwerkanalyse, um die Rolle der „Rederijkerskamers“ (Rhetorikkammern) in der niederländischen Reformation genauer zu bestimmen. Als Fallbeispiel dienen die Brüsseler Rhetorikkammern „De Corenbloem“ und „Den Boeck“ und die von ihnen organisierten Poesie-Wettbewerbe in den Jahren 1559, 1562, 1565 und 1581. Während die lokalen und regionalen Netzwerke der Brüsseler Rhetorikkammern die Verbreitung des militanten Calvinismus in der zweiten Hälfte des 16.||Jahrhunderts zweifellos beförderten, läßt sich zugleich feststellen, daß die meisten „Rederijkers“ das offenere religiöse Klima der ersten Jahrhunderthälfte bevorzugten, als die Wettbewerbe der Rhetorikkammern ein Forum für unterschiedliche Reformmeinungen boten.
Weiterführende Fragen zur Erforschung der preußischen Reformationsgeschichte
Authors: Małłek Janusz
Published: November 2014

In this article, the author characterizes the state of research on the history of the Reformation in ducal and in royal Prussia and formulates research questions for the future. He takes up the organization of the “new” church; the pastorate and elders; church discipline; the culture of confession; the Polish and Prussian Reformations; and confessional identity and confessionalization. He expresses reservations concerning the view that domestic Prussian theology was dominant and points to western influences. He studies the causes for the loose ties between Protestants in both parts of Prussia and the Polish crown despite their common interests.
Der Streit um das Kopftuch in diskursanalytischer Perspektive
Authors: Schieder Rolf
Published: November 2014

In September 2003 the >Bundesverfassungsgericht< ruled, that a Muslim teacher, who wears a head scarf in school, is making use of her right of religious freedom. A discourse analysis of the debate, which focuses on the topics, modalities, concepts, and strategies, shows that the pedagogical concerns drew only few attention, while the religious-political question ofthe relation between the religion ofthe Christian majority and the religion of the Muslim minority was focused on. There was a broad consensus that Germany tri es to avoid the French system of > laicite<, but the problern remains unresolved of how much religious pluralism German public schools can take.
Geschenkte Freiheit. Von welchen Voraussetzungen lebt der demokratische Staat?
Authors: Bedford-Strohm Heinrich
Published: November 2014

What are the sources from which the liberal secular state regenerates itself? The article describes four answers: the model of civil religion (1), the »Christian occident« model (2), the discourse model (3) and the model of critical integration (4). Drawing on Habermas' and Rawls' late acknowledgment of the important role of religion for public life, the article shows how the model of critical integration of discursive reason and religion is a vital basis for the regeneration of a democratic state. The idea of freedom as a gift is shown to be one example of the contributions public theology can make to the debate on the sources of regeneration of the democratic state. Honoring the dignity of the human person as something given not earned, means building the moral infrastructure of society not on merit but on gratuitousness and the free engagement for the other.
ANTIOXIDATIVE EFFECT OF EPIGALLOCATECHIN GALLATE AGAINST D-GALACTOSAMINE-INDUCED INJURY IN PRIMARY CULTURE OF RAT HEPATOCYTES
Authors: Moravcová Alena , Červinková Zuzana , Kučera Otto , Mezera Vojtěch , Lotková Halka
Published: November 2014

Literature data support that green tea and its major component epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) have powerful antioxidant effects. Contrary, hepatotoxicity can be induced by high-dose EGCG. The timing of exposure to green tea in relation to administration of hepatotoxic agent plays an import role too. The aim of our work was a verification of antioxidative effect of EGCG on D-galactosamine-induced injury in primary culture of rat hepatocytes. Hepatocytes were incubated with EGCG at concentrations of 1.25–10 μM and toxic D-galactosamine (GalN) for 24 hrs. Alternatively, hepatocytes were pretreated with EGCG for 24 hrs, and then incubated with EGCG and GalN for further 24 hrs. Cytotoxicity was analysed by lactate dehydrogenase activity, functional capacity by albumin production. Oxidative stress was evaluated from a production of malondialdehyde and glutathione content in the cells. EGCG protected hepatocytes against GalN-induced cytotoxicity but preventive treatment of intact hepatocytes with EGCG was required to diminish the development of hepatocyte injury. Oxidative stress induced in our study seems to overcome the ability of hepatocytes to improve GSH depletion and albumin production. Prolongation of the pretreatment with EGCG could be a promising strategy leading to amelioration of its hepatoprotective effect.
INADVERTENT COMPLICATION OF PROSTHETIC VALVE SURGERY: LEAFLET PERFORATION
Authors: Dogan Mehmet , Acikel Sadik , Arslantas Ugur , Cimen Tolga , Yeter Ekrem
Published: November 2014

There are various complications of prosthetic valvular surgeries. Among them, leaflet perforation should be emphasized and brought to mind when there have been eccentric valvular regurgitation. In this report, we presented 2 cases of iatrogenic aortic and mitral valve leaflet perforation after prosthetic valve surgeries.
EVALUATION OF IRIDOCILIARY AND LENTICULAR ELASTICITY USING SHEAR-WAVE ELASTOGRAPHY IN RABBIT EYES
Authors: Detorakis Efstathios T. , Drakonaki Eleni E. , Ginis Harilaos , Karyotakis Nikolaos , Pallikaris Ioannis G.
Published: November 2014

Introduction: A previous study has employed shear-wave ultrasound elastographic imaging to assess corneal rigidity in an ex-vivo porcine eye model. This study employs the same modality in vivo in a rabbit eye model in order to assess lens, ciliary body and total ocular rigidity changes following the instillation of atropine and pilocarpine. Methods: Ten non-pigmented female rabbits were examined. Measurements of the lens, ciliary body and total ocular rigidity as well as lens thickness and anterior chamber depth were taken with the Aixplorer system (SuperSonic Imagine, Aix-en-Provence, France) with the SuperLinear™ SL 15-4 transducer in both eyes at baseline as well as after pilocarpine and atropine instillation. The IOP was also measured with the TonoPen tonometer. Results: Changes in rigidity in the examined areas following atropine instillation were statistically not significant. Ciliary body rigidity was significantly increased whereas lens and total ocular rigidity were significantly reduced following pilocarpine instillation. The decrease in lens rigidity following pilocarpine was significantly associated with the respective increase in ciliary body rigidity. Conclusions: Shear-wave ultrasound elastography can detect in vivo rigidity changes in the anterior segment of the rabbit eye model and may potentially be applied in human eyes, providing useful clinical information on conditions in which rigidity changes play an important role, such as glaucoma, pseudoexfoliation syndrome or presbyopia.
INVASIVE ASPERGILLOSIS IN INTENSIVE CARE UNIT PATIENTS IN IRAN
Authors: Hedayati Mohammad T. , Khodavaisy Sadegh , Alialy Masoud , Omran Saeed Mahdavi , Habibi Mohammad R.
Published: November 2014

We assessed the intensive care unit (ICU) patients for Invasive aspergillosis (IA) with culture and non-culture based diagnostic methods from Iran. Thirty-six ICU patients with underlying predisposing conditions for IA were enrolled in the study. Sixty eight Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples were collected by bronchoscope twice a weekly. BAL samples were analyzed by microscopic examination, fungal culture and galactomannan (GM) detection. The Platelia Aspergillus GM EIA was used to quantify GM indices. Samples with a BAL GM index ≥1 were considered as positive for GM. Patients were classified as having probable or possible IA. Out of 36 suspected patients to IA, 36.1% of cases showed IA which were categorized as: 4 cases of possible IA and 9 of probable IA. 76.2% of BAL samples were positive for GM. From 13 patients with IA, 11 (84.6%) had at least one positive BAL GM index. Of these patients, 9 (81.8%) showed probable IA. The main underlying predisposing conditions were neutropenia (53.8%) and COPD (30.8%). Our study has indicated that COPD must be considered as one of the main predisposing condition for occurrence of aspergillosis in ICU patients. Our data have also revealed that GM detection in BAL samples play a significant role to IA diagnosis.
Analysis of mean transcutaneous capnography in consecutive patients undergoing polysomnography
Authors: Pinnola Giulio Cesare , Bastos Patrícia Souza
Published: November 2014

Transcutaneous capnography is a noninvasive method useful for analysis of the behavioral tendency of transcutaneous CO2 pressure (PtcCO2) in patients undergoing polysomnography, to evaluate respiratory sleep disorders. Objective Determine normative PtcCO2 values in normal patients undergoing polysomnography. Method One hundred seventy-nine patients who underwent polysomnography with simultaneous PtcCO2 measurement were assessed by means of a transcutaneous capnograph (TCM4 series from Radiomiter). Results The group classified as normal (N=53) presented a apnea/hypopnea index (AHI) <5 events/per hour of sleep and their age groups varied between 7 and 76 years of age. Conclusion Global mean values of PtcCO2 in the normal group had a Gaussian distribution that varied between 33.1 and 50.0 mmHg (SD 4,363). Such findings allowed the establishment of normative PtcCO2 values for normal individuals.
Promising treatments for neuropathic pain
Authors: Schestatsky Pedro , Vidor Liliane , Winckler Pablo Brea , Araújo Tatiane Gomes de , Caumo Wolnei
Published: November 2014

In the last few years the understanding of mechanisms and, consequently, the diagnosis of neuropathic pain (NP) has becoming progressively clearer in clinical practice. However, the treatment of such condition remains challenging so far. One of the reasons for such difficulty is the diversity of mechanisms involved in NP generation and its persistency. In the present review we discuss several treatment modalities for NP that are scantily applied in daily clinical practice. For that, we collected positive clinical evidence of unusual and SECS (Safe, Easy, Cheap, and Sensible) approaches for NP. The aim of this review is not to establish the “state of the art” or rigid guidelines for NP treatment. In a different way, we only want bring new possibilities of treatment to the readers and also to motivate investigators to confirm those positive preliminary but promising results for NP reliev.
Modifiable environmental factors in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Fragoso Yara Dadalti
Published: November 2014

Potential environmental modifiable factors involved in multiple sclerosis (MS) include low adherence to treatment, smoking, obesity, low levels of liposoluble vitamins A and D, high consumption of salt, and a sedentary lifestyle. Chronic tobacco use, obesity, sedentarism and insufficient levels of these vitamins all contribute to maintenance of a proinflammatory state. It is unlikely that there will be noticeable improvement in the inflammatory condition of MS if stopping smoking, reducing weight, exercising, increasing vitamin levels are done in an isolated and erratic manner. Modification of each and every one of these environmental risk factors is likely to be an important approach in the management of MS. The present review presents the arguments for an association between these hazardous modifiable factors and the chronic inflammatory state observed in MS.
Morfologia de frutos, sementes e plântulas de Averrhoa bilimbi L. oriundas de dois estágios de maturação
Authors: Santos Helder Henrique Duarte , Matos Valderez Pontes , Albuquerque Aurélia Pietrina da Costa , Sena Lúcia Helena de Moura , Ferreira Elane Grazielle Borba de Sousa
Published: November 2014

Este trabalho teve por objetivo descrever as características morfológicas de frutos, sementes e plântulas de Averrhoa bilimbi L. oriundas de frutos imaturos e maduros. Os frutos de A. bilimbi foram separados de acordo com a sua coloração em frutos imaturos e maduros. O registro das características morfológicas dos frutos, sementes e plântulas foram realizados por meio de ilustrações manuais, fotografias e descrições de todos os aspectos morfológicos. Para o estudo da morfologia da germinação e plântula, foram semeadas quatro repetições de 25 sementes sobre substrato papel mata-borrão e levadas ao germinador tipo B.O.D., regulado à temperatura constante de 30°C e regime de luz contínua. Os frutos tanto imaturos como maduros variaram apenas quanto ao tamanho, consistência e coloração, sendo as demais características comuns à espécie. As sementes dos frutos imaturos e maduros diferenciaram-se quanto à turgescência dos tecidos, assim como sua coloração, brilho e textura. A germinação é do tipo epígea e fanerocotiledonar, com início no sétimo dia e término no décimo quinto dia após semeadura, com a obtenção da plântula normal.
Características fermentativas na ensilagem de cana-de-açúcar com maniçoba
Authors: Carvalho Francisco Allan Leandro de , Queiroz Mário Adriano Ávila , Silva José Gledyson da , Voltolini Tadeu Vinhas
Published: November 2014

A utilização da silagem de cana-de-açúcar apresenta benefícios que têm despertado interesse de produtores e pesquisadores. No entanto, algumas limitações, principalmente relacionadas ao seu padrão de fermentação, têm constituído grande desafio para utilização desta forrageira. Com objetivo de avaliar a inclusão de maniçoba sobre as características fermentativas na silagem de cana-de-açúcar, foi elaborado experimento em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos (níveis de inclusão: 0, 20, 30 e 40%) e seis repetições. Após 90 dias do fechamento dos silos, foram determinadas as perdas na forma de gases, perda total e recuperação de matéria seca e produção de efluentes. Os silos então foram abertos e obtido o extrato aquoso das silagens, foram determinados os teores dos ácidos orgânicos (acético, butírico, lático e propiônico), etanol, N-NH3, NT e valores de pH. À medida que se aumentou o nível de inclusão de maniçoba, foi observada redução de 67% nas perdas por gases e de 23,3% na produção de efluente, enquanto a concentração de etanol foi reduzida de 25,6 a 2,7%. As máximas concentrações de ácido lático (2,4%), acético (2,2%) e propiônico (0,03%) foram encontradas em silagens contendo 40% de maniçoba, enquanto que, para o ácido butírico, decresceu linearmente. Em todas as silagens, o pH encontrado mostrou-se adequado ao processo de ensilagem (variação de 3,4 a 3,7). O maior nível de inclusão de maniçoba em silagens de cana-de-açúcar melhora a fermentação das silagens e reduz as perdas fermentativas.
Organic fertilization and botanical insecticides to control two-spotted spider mite in strawberry
Authors: Marques-Francovig Camila Regina , Mikami Adriana Yatie , Dutra Viviane , Carvalho Mateus Gimenez , Picareli Bruno , Ventura Maurício Ursi
Published: November 2014

Strawberry fields receive several pesticides spraying and residues in fruits are recurrent. Development and application of methods that avoid applying pesticides mostly during fructification period are imminent needs. Comparison of population of two-sppoted spider mite (TSSM) Tetranychus urticae Koch. in organic and mineral fertilized plants (as used by growers) and treated with alternative products were done. Plants were grown in vessels in a greenhouse infested with local population of TSSM. Extracts of Tephrosia voggeli (Hook), neem oil (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.), and lime sulfur were applied three times against TSSM in ten days intervals. Assessments were done three times after each spraying. Interaction between fertilization and spraying alternatives was also assessed but was not significant. TSSM population was about 44% lesser in organic fertilized plants than those in inorganic fertilized. T. voggeli extracts reduced in large amounts TSSM; neem oil reduced in some assessments and an intermediate reduction was found for sulfur lime. Organic fertilization and T. voggeli extracts are potential strategies to manage TSSM and additional studies are proposed to enable wide utilization
Caracterización del consumo de larvas de culícidos (Diptera) en dos especies de peces indígenas de la zona central de Argentina
Authors: Bonifacio Alejo F. , Aun Ma. Liliana , Martori Ricardo A.
Published: November 2014

Los mosquitos representan una amenaza para la salud del hombre y de los animales debido a que actúan como vectores de distintas enfermedades. Especies de peces nativos son potenciales candidatos a tenerse en cuenta para control biológico de poblaciones de culícidos. Experiencias de consumo de media hora y de 24 horas por Cnesterodon decemmaculatus (Jenyns, 1842) y Jenynsia multidentata (Jenyns, 1842) se llevaron a cabo con larvas de Culex pipiens (Linnaeus, 1758), midiéndose longitud estándar, ancho de boca y peso en individuos de las dos especies. En ambas pruebas, J. multidentata consumió más C. pipiens que C. decemmaculatus, consumiendo las hembras de esta última especie más que los machos (e igual a ambos sexos de J. multidentata en la prueba de 24 horas de duración). Estos resultados no variaron cuando se compararon tantos consumos absolutos o relativos para las pruebas de media hora, sin embargo cuando se compararon los consumos relativos al peso no se encontraron diferencias entre las especies para las pruebas de 24 horas. Análisis de regresión entre las tasas de consumo versus las variables morfométricas y el peso mostraron poco valor explicativo en las pruebas de media hora de duración, mientras que en las pruebas de 24 horas de duración los análisis de regresión tuvieron un mayor valor explicativo, especialmente con el ancho de la boca. Por último, pruebas de media hora de duración fueron llevadas a cabo exponiendo a hembras de C. decemmaculatus con larvas de C. pipiens y Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1742) observándose una fuerte preferencia por las últimas. Este trabajo permitió evidenciar que las especies de peces en estudio presentan grandes diferencias en las tasas de consumo de C. pipiens en periodos cortos. Estas diferencias se atenuaron cuando las tasas de consumo se prolongaron y hasta llegar a desaparecer cuando el peso se tuvo en cuenta.
Sexual dimorphism in Amphisbaena nigricauda (Reptilia, Squamata, Amphisbaenidae) from Southeastern Brazil
Authors: Souza e Lima Francco A. N. de , Gasparini João Luiz , Almeida Antonio de Padua , Vital Marcos V. C. , Mott Tamí
Published: November 2014

Amphisbaena nigricauda Gans, 1966 is a small, poorly known amphisbaenid endemic to the restinga of the states of Espírito Santo and Bahia, Brazil. We analyze 178 specimens collected in Vitória municipality, state of Espírito Santo, Brazil, to investigate whether this species show sexual dimorphism in pre-cloacal pores and in morphological characters. Sex was determined by a ventral incision and direct inspection of gonads. A PCA analysis was performed to generate a general body size measurement. A T test and the non-parametric Mann-Whitney test were used to assess whether this species show sexual dimorphism on five morphometric and five meristic characters, respectively. Sex could not be determined in 36 specimens because they were mutilated in the posterior portion of their bodies. The diagnosis of the species is redefined based on this sample size: the smallest number of body annuli changes from 222 to 192, the number of dorsal and ventral segments in an annulus in the middle of the body changes to 9-11/13-16 (instead of 10/16), and the autotomic tail annulus lies between annulus 7-10 (instead of 6-9). The number of tail annuli remained within the known range of variation of the species (19-24). None of the 80 females analyzed showed pre-cloacal pores, whereas within males 59 out of 62 specimens displayed four and two specimens displayed five pre-cloacal pores. A single male did not possess pre-cloacal pores, but showed irregular scales on its cloacal region. Sex-based difference based on presence or absence of pre-cloacal pores as well as males with wider head was seen in other Neotropical amphisbaenids. However, a pattern of body size differences between males and females has not been identified so far in the few amphisbaenid species studied in this regard. Further studies on this taxonomic group are still needed to elucidate the existence of general patterns of sexual dimorphism and to identify the selective pressures driving these patterns.
A new species of Andocaeculus (Acari, Caeculidae) from the Pampa biome, southern Brazil
Authors: Ott Ana Paula , Ott Ricardo
Published: November 2014

A new caeculid species Andocaeculus caioi sp. nov. is described from Pampa biome in south Brazil. The species of this family are usually large and strong sclerotized mites with robust and spinulose legs I and II. Until now records of species for South America were known only from Chile and Argentina.
A Nova Advocacia Pós-profissional e a Modernização das Grandes Sociedades de Advocacia Empresarial Brasileiras
Authors: Castelo Júnior Clóvis , Tureta César
Published: November 2014

As mudanças socioeconômicas que ensejaram formas de organização do trabalho mais flexíveis também atingiram os sistemas profissionais, inaugurando a fase do pós-profissionalismo, representada pela adoção de uma lógica orientada para o mercado. O objetivo deste trabalho é compreender e analisar essas transformações na advocacia brasileira a partir de uma pesquisa qualitativa. Foram entrevistados 22 profissionais ligados a seis dos mais importantes escritórios de advocacia do país. Para a análise dos dados, utilizou-se a técnica de análise de conteúdo temática. Os resultados indicam que os escritórios estão passando por um processo de incorporação de práticas gerenciais típicas de empresas capitalistas que competem no mercado: hierarquia flexível, equipes multidisciplinares e células de trabalho especializadas. Além disso, os profissionais da área estão adotando uma lógica empresarial. Concluiu-se que os grandes escritórios de advocacia estão começando a vivenciar, mais fortemente, uma ruptura com os valores tradicionais da profissão, embora antigas práticas ainda façam parte do cotidiano dessas organizações.
Qualidade de sementes de amendoim armazenadas no estado de São Paulo
Authors: Santos Franciele dos , Medina Priscila Fratin , Lourenção André Luiz , Parisi João José Dias , Godoy Ignácio José de
Published: November 2014

Com os objetivos de avaliar a qualidade fisiológica e sanitária de sementes de amendoim armazenadas no estado de São Paulo, identificar os principais insetos e fungos que ocorrem nessas condições e as possíveis injúrias causadas que possam prejudicar a qualidade dessas sementes, amostragens de lotes das cultivares IAC 886 e IAC 503, produzidas nas safras 2010/11 e 2011/12, foram realizadas em quatro épocas: antes do armazenamento, antes do beneficiamento, após o beneficiamento e após o tratamento químico. As sementes foram analisadas quanto ao teor de água, germinação, vigor e sanidade. O beneficiamento não melhorou a qualidade das sementes de amendoim. As principais pragas associadas às sementes foram Cyrtomenus mirabilis (Perty) e Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton). Os fungos mais frequentes foram os dos gêneros Aspergillus, Fusarium, Penicillium e Rhizopus. Durante o armazenamento houve aumento na incidência de Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp. e Rhizopus sp. e redução da ocorrência de Fusarium sp. O tratamento das sementes de amendoim, após o beneficiamento, é imprescindível para serem obtidos padrões aceitáveis à sua comercialização.
Períodos de interferência de plantas daninhas na cultura do girassol
Authors: Silva Remon Ribeiro da , Reis Marcelo Rodrigues dos , Mendes Kassio Ferreira , Aquino Leonardo Ângelo de , Pacheco Dilermando Dourado , Ronchi Cláudio Pagotto
Published: November 2014

Objetivou-se neste trabalho determinar os períodos de interferência de plantas daninhas na cultura do girassol. Foram realizados dois experimentos com o girassol híbrido Helio 250, sendo um conduzido no verão e o outro, no inverno. Para ambos, o delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, e cada unidade experimental foi constituída de cinco linhas de plantas com 6,0 m de comprimento, espaçadas por 0,7 m. No experimento de verão foram avaliados oito períodos de convivência e controle de plantas daninhas: 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 e 88 dias após a emergência (dae). No experimento de inverno, os períodos foram: 7, 14, 21, 28, 38, 48, 58 e 82 dae. Avaliaram-se a massa da matéria seca e a área foliar das plantas de girassol, produtividade, massa de mil aquênios e massa da matéria seca de plantas daninhas. Estimaram-se os períodos anteriores à interferência (PAI), períodos críticos de prevenção à interferência (PCPI) e períodos totais de prevenção à interferência (PTPI). Considerando-se a produtividade de aquênios no verão, o PAI foi de 16 dae da cultura, o PTPI, de 39 dae e o PCPI abrangeu 23 dias do ciclo da cultura. No inverno, o PAI foi de 12 dae, o PTPI estendeu-se até os 34 dae, resultando em um PCPI de 22 dias.
Produção de fitomassa e acúmulo de nutrientes por plantas de cobertura no cerrado piauiense
Authors: Pacheco Leandro Pereira , Monteiro Marinete Martins de Sousa , Silva Rodrigo Fonseca da , Soares Leandro dos Santos , Fonseca Wéverson Lima , Nóbrega Julio César Azevedo , Petter Fabiano André , Alcântara Neto Francisco de , Osajima Josy Anteveli
Published: November 2014

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial de plantas de cobertura semeadas em diferentes sistemas de cultivo quanto à produção de fitomassa e acúmulo de nutrientes, no cerrado piauiense. O experimento foi instalado no ano agrícola 2010/2011, na Serra do Quilombo, município de Bom Jesus (Piauí). O arranjo utilizado foi em parcelas subdivididas, com os seguintes sistemas de manejo do solo: preparo convencional e plantio direto avaliados nas parcelas e, nas subparcelas, os sistemas de produção: S1 - Soja no verão em monocultura; S2 - Soja no verão e Penissetum glaucum na safrinha; S3 - P. glaucum pré-soja de verão e sobressemeadura de Urochloa ruziziensis na soja no estádio R5.5; S4 - Soja de verão e sobressemeadura de P. glaucum na soja no estádio R5.5; S5 - Milho verão + U. ruziziensis simultâneo. Utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Os sistemas com a sobressemeadura do P. glaucum e do U. ruziziensis na soja e o consórcio de milho + U. ruziziensis destacaram-se na produção de fitomassa seca, cobertura do solo e acúmulo de nutrientes durante a entressafra no cerrado piauiense. Os nutrientes com maior taxa de acúmulo pelas plantas de cobertura foram o nitrogênio e o potássio.
O efeito da volatilidade da taxa de câmbio sobre o comércio internacional: uma investigação empírica sob a ótica da margem extensiva
Authors: Carmo Alex Sander Souza do , Bittencourt Maurício Vaz Lobo
Published: November 2014

O objetivo do presente trabalho é analisar o efeito da volatilidade da taxa de câmbio sobre a margem extensiva do comércio internacional. Em termos metodológicos, definiu-se como margem extensiva do comércio internacional o número de produtos exportados pelos países para os seus parceiros comerciais. Posteriormente, essa variável foi inserida como dependente em um modelo gravitacional de comércio, cujos parâmetros foram estimados pela técnica de dados em painel não linear. O período de análise compreendido no presente trabalho foi de 1995 a 2009, e o número de países considerados no estudo foi 54. Os principais resultados indicaram que uma elevação na volatilidade da taxa de câmbio causa uma redução na margem extensiva do comércio internacional, reduzindo a diversificação da pauta de exportação dos países.
Robotic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: operative results in 100 patients
Authors: DOMENE Carlos Eduardo , VOLPE Paula , HEITOR Frederico A.
Published: November 2014

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic gastric bypass is gold-standard for morbid obesity treatment. AIM: To describe the results of robotic gastric bypass for morbid obesity patients. METHOD: Were operated on 100 morbidly obese patients through totally robotic gastric bypass between 2013 and 2014. They were 83% female. The age ranged from 20 to 65 years old (medium 48,5 years); the body mass index varied between 38-67 (medium 42,3 kg/cm2). The procedure was designed with 3 cm long gastric pouch, 1 m biliopancreatic limb, 1,2 m alimentary limb, manual or stapled anastomosis. There were four super-super-obese patients and four revisional surgeries. RESULTS: Docking time varied from 1 to 20 min (medium 4 min). Console time varied from 40-185 min (medium 105 min). There were no intra operative complications or mortality. There were two lower limb deep venous thrombosis. There was no readmission in the first 30 days. CONCLUSION: Totally robotic gastric bypass is safe and reproduceable, with excellent results even during the initial experience with regular surgeries, revisional surgeries or in super-obese patients. Adequate training may shortens or obviates the learning curve.
Weight loss in the first month post-gastroplasty following diet progression with introduction of solid food three weeks after surgery
Authors: ANDRADE Camila Garcia da Costa , LOBO Amanda
Published: November 2014

BACKGROUND: Bariatric surgery is an effective tool in treating severe obesity. It provides significant weight loss in morbidly obese people accompanied by improvement in comorbidities and quality of life. AIM: To investigate the weight loss outcomes in the first month after bariatric surgery after introduction of solids three weeks postoperatively. METHODS: Thirty-two charts of patients who underwent bariatric surgery were analyzed at a private nutritional clinic in São Sebastião do Paraíso, MG, Brazil; 93,75% of the subjects underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, and 6,25% vertical gastrectomy. The subjects were 16 to 60 years. A body mass index of 30 to 69 Kg/m2 was obtained. Patients were instructed to eat small amounts several times a day, eat slowly, chew foods thoroughly, substitute sugar for sweetener, stop drinking gassy beverages, set the utensils down in between meals, drink only in between meals, avoid processed condiments and fried and greasy foods. RESULTS: In the first month after surgery, the mean weight loss was 9,7% and the percentage of excess weight loss was 23,9%. It was found that there was significant statistical difference in relation to initial and final weight (p=0,00; p<0,05). CONCLUSION: This protocol provides more freedom of choice in health care once one does not have to go on food intake modifications for more than three weeks; more nutritional guidelines is followed and prospective weight loss is presented.
Comparison of weight loss, food consumption and frequency of vomiting among Roux-en-Y gastric bypass patients with or without constriction ring
Authors: FARIA Silvia Leite , FARIA Orlando Pereira , CARDEAL Mariane de Almeida
Published: November 2014

BACKGROUND: After Roux-en-Y gastric bypass to avoid rapid gastric emptying, dumping syndrome and regained weight due to possible dilation of the gastric pouch, was proposed to place a ring around the gastric pouch. AIM: To compare weight loss, consumption of macronutrients and the frequency of vomiting among patients who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass with and without the placement of a constriction ring around the pouch. METHOD: A retrospective study, in which an analysis of medical records was carried out, collecting data of two groups of patients: those who underwent the operation with the placement of a constriction ring (Ring Group) and those who underwent without the placement of a ring (No-Ring Group). The food intake data were analyzed using three 24-hour recalls collected randomly in postoperative nutritional accompaniment. Data on the percentage of excess weight loss and the occurrence of vomiting were collected using the weight corresponding to the most recent report at the time of data collection. RESULTS: Medical records of 60 patients were analyzed: 30 from the Ring Group (women: 80%) and 30 from the No-Ring Group (women: 87%). The average time since the Ring Group underwent the operation was 88±17.50 months, and for the No-Ring Group 51±15.3 months. The percentage of excess weight loss did not differ between the groups. The consumption of protein (g), protein/kg of weight, %protein and fiber (g) were higher in the No-Ring Group. The consumption of lipids (g) was statistically higher in the Ring Group. The percentage of patients who never reported any occurrence was statistically higher in the No-Ring Group (80%vs.46%). The percentage who frequently reported the occurrence was statistically higher in the Ring Group (25%vs.0%). CONCLUSION: The placement of a ring seems to have no advantages in weight loss, favoring a lower intake of protein and fiber and a higher incidence of vomiting, factors that have definite influence in the health of the bariatric patient.
Cistectomia com reconstrução de neobexiga ortotópica ileal para tratamento de bexiga contraída após aplicação de bacilo de Calmette-Guérin intravesical
Authors: Vetorazzo Filho José Eduardo , Bahia Leandro Augusto Costa , Vedovato Bruno César , Maron Paulo Eduardo Goulart , Esteves Paulo Ebert , Fernandes Roni de Carvalho , Perez Marjo Deninson Cardenuto
Published: November 2014

O câncer de bexiga é um importante problema de saúde mundial, tanto pelas elevadas taxas de prevalência, quanto pelos custos relacionados ao tratamento. Desde a introdução da imunoterapia intravesical adjuvante com bacilo Calmette-Guérin, vem sendo observada diminuição na taxa de recorrência. As principais complicações são de pequeno porte e simples resolução a partir de medidas locais e orientações. A bexiga contraída, uma complicação local rara e grave, mas incapacitante em alguns casos, é observada principalmente em doentes com um programa de manutenção. Relatamos aqui o caso de um paciente masculino submetido a ressecção transuretral da bexiga por um carcinoma urotelial T1 de alto grau, que desenvolveu tal complicação durante tratamento com bacilo Calmette-Guérin, sendo portanto submetido à cistoprostatectomia com realização de neobexiga ortotópica ileal.
Level of asthma control and its relationship with medication use in asthma patients in Brazil
Authors: Marchioro Josiane , Gazzotti Mariana Rodrigues , Nascimento Oliver Augusto , Montealegre Federico , Fish James , Jardim José Roberto
Published: November 2014

OBJECTIVE: To assess asthma patients in Brazil in terms of the level of asthma control, compliance with maintenance treatment, and the use of rescue medication. METHODS: We used data from a Latin American survey of a total of 400 asthma patients in four Brazilian state capitals, all of whom completed a questionnaire regarding asthma control and treatment. RESULTS: In that sample, the prevalence of asthma was 8.8%. Among the 400 patients studied, asthma was classified, in accordance with the Global Initiative for Asthma criteria, as controlled, partially controlled, and uncontrolled in 37 (9.3%), 226 (56.5%), and 137 (34.3%), respectively. In those three groups, the proportion of patients on maintenance therapy in the past four weeks was 5.4%, 19.9%, and 41.6%, respectively. The use of rescue medication was significantly more common in the uncontrolled asthma group (86.9%; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that, in accordance with the established international criteria, asthma is uncontrolled in the vast majority of asthma patients in Brazil. Maintenance medications are still underutilized in Brazil, and patients with partially controlled or uncontrolled asthma are more likely to use rescue medications and oral corticosteroids.
Effects of prednisone on eosinophilic bronchitis in asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis,
Authors: Sakae Thiago Mamôru , Maurici Rosemeri , Trevisol Daisson José , Pizzichini Marcia Margaret Menezes , Pizzichini Emílio
Published: November 2014

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect size of oral corticosteroid treatment on eosinophilic bronchitis in asthma, through systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: We systematically reviewed articles in the Medline, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, EMBASE, and LILACS databases. We selected studies meeting the following criteria: comparing at least two groups or time points (prednisone vs. control, prednisone vs. another drug, or pre- vs. post-treatment with prednisone); and evaluating parameters before and after prednisone use, including values for sputum eosinophils, sputum eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), and sputum IL-5-with or without values for post-bronchodilator FEV1-with corresponding 95% CIs or with sufficient data for calculation. The independent variables were the use, dose, and duration of prednisone treatment. The outcomes evaluated were sputum eosinophils, IL-5, and ECP, as well as post-bronchodilator FEV1. RESULTS: The pooled analysis of the pre- vs. post-treatment data revealed a significant mean reduction in sputum eosinophils (↓8.18%; 95% CI: 7.69-8.67; p < 0.001), sputum IL-5 (↓83.64 pg/mL; 95% CI: 52.45-114.83; p < 0.001), and sputum ECP (↓267.60 µg/L; 95% CI: 244.57-290.63; p < 0.0001), as well as a significant mean increase in post-bronchodilator FEV1 (↑8.09%; 95% CI: 5.35-10.83; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with moderate-to-severe eosinophilic bronchitis, treatment with prednisone caused a significant reduction in sputum eosinophil counts, as well as in the sputum levels of IL-5 and ECP. This reduction in the inflammatory response was accompanied by a significant increase in post-bronchodilator FEV1.
Chiari malformation and central sleep apnea syndrome: efficacy of treatment with adaptive servo-ventilation
Authors: Vale Jorge Marques do , Silva Eloísa , Pereira Isabel Gil , Marques Catarina , Sanchez-Serrano Amparo , Torres António Simões
Published: November 2014

The Chiari malformation type I (CM-I) has been associated with sleep-disordered breathing, especially central sleep apnea syndrome. We report the case of a 44-year-old female with CM-I who was referred to our sleep laboratory for suspected sleep apnea. The patient had undergone decompressive surgery 3 years prior. An arterial blood gas analysis showed hypercapnia. Polysomnography showed a respiratory disturbance index of 108 events/h, and all were central apnea events. Treatment with adaptive servo-ventilation was initiated, and central apnea was resolved. This report demonstrates the efficacy of servo-ventilation in the treatment of central sleep apnea syndrome associated with alveolar hypoventilation in a CM-I patient with a history of decompressive surgery.
Formulation and in vitro evaluation of mucoadhesive controlled release matrix tablets of flurbiprofen using response surface methodology
Authors: Khalid Ikrima , Ahmad Mahmood , Minhas Muhammad Usman , Sohail Muhammad
Published: November 2014

The objective of the current study was to formulate mucoadhesive controlled release matrix tablets of flurbiprofen and to optimize its drug release profile and bioadhesion using response surface methodology. Tablets were prepared via a direct compression technique and evaluated for in vitro dissolution parameters and bioadhesive strength. A central composite design for two factors at five levels each was employed for the study. Carbopol 934 and sodium carboxymethylcellulose were taken as independent variables. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy studies were performed to observe the stability of the drug during direct compression and to check for a drug-polymer interaction. Various kinetic models were applied to evaluate drug release from the polymers. Contour and response surface plots were also drawn to portray the relationship between the independent and response variables. Mucoadhesive tablets of flurbiprofen exhibited non-Fickian drug release kinetics extending towards zero-order, with some formulations (F3, F8, and F9) reaching super case II transport, as the value of the release rate exponent (n) varied between 0.584 and 1.104. Polynomial mathematical models, generated for various response variables, were found to be statistically significant (P<0.05). The study also helped to find the drug's optimum formulation with excellent bioadhesive strength. Suitable combinations of two polymers provided adequate release profile, while carbopol 934 produced more bioadhesion.
Association of ecstasy seizure rates with district Human Development Index in the municipality of São Paulo, Brazil, from 2000 to 2007
Authors: Lapachinske Silvio Fernandes , Moreau Regina Lucia de Moraes
Published: November 2014

This study aimed to analyze whether ecstasy consumption is associated with the socioeconomic status in the Municipality of São Paulo, Brazil, from 2000 to 2007. We used an official, reliable and unbiased source supplied by the Department of Narcotics of the State of São Paulo (Denarc) database and the Human Development Index of the districts (HDId) where the seizures occurred. A Spearman correlation test between the average number of ecstasy seizures per million of inhabitants with the HDId was used. There were 190 seizures (totaling 47,934 tablets) spread out in 53 of the 96 districts and 51.6% were concentrated in only 8 districts. The higher rates of ecstasy seizures were directly associated with districts with high HDId that confirmed the association of ecstasy consumption with the socioeconomic status. Itaim-Bibi, Jardim Paulista and Moema were the top three districts with the highest HDId. In these districts, the number of tablets per seizure ranged from as few units to thousands, revealing that not only consumption but also traffic coexist at the same place. Districts with many nightclubs can also influence the incidence of seizures. This knowledge can be useful to help the police from other Brazilian cities to combat ecstasy trafficking.
A suppository-base-matrix tablet for time-dependent colon-specific delivery system
Authors: Zou Meijuan , Wang Caixia , Zhang Xuezhu , Xu Tao , Han Jiarong , Zhang Xiao , Cheng Gang
Published: November 2014

Our research has focused on the main design features and release performances of time-dependent colon-specific (TDCS) delivery tablets, which relies on the relative constancy that is observed in the small intestinal transit time of dosage forms. But inflammatory bowel disease（IBD）can affect the transit time, and usually results in watery stool. Compared to the TDCS and wax-matrix TDCS tablet, a promising time-dependent colon-specific delivery system was investigated. In our study, a suppository-base-matrix coated tablet was evaluated. Water soluble suppository-base helps the expansion of tablet, facilitates uniform film dissolution and achives high osmotic pressure. Combining the expansion of carboxymethyl starch sodium (CMS-Na) and the moisture absorption of NaCl, the coated TDCS tablet obtained a burst and targeted drug delivery system. A very good correlation between in vitro drug release and in vivo outcome was observed. This TDCS coated tablet provides a promising strategy to control drug release to the desired lower gastrointestinal region.
Relationship between composition and organizational levels of nanostructured systems formed by Oleth 10 and PPG-5-Ceteth-20 for potential drug delivery
Authors: Rissi Nathalia Cristina , Guglielmi Danila Aparecida Scatolin , Corrêa Marcos Antônio , Chiavacci Leila Aparecida
Published: November 2014

In this paper, nanostructured systems were developed, with the aid of ternary phase diagrams, from two surfactants, of differing degrees of lipophilicity (PPG-5-Ceteth-20 and the Oleth 10) and two oil phases (oleic acid and isopropyl myristate). It was observed that there were differences between the four resulting phase diagrams in the physical properties of the systems they represent. Thus, due to the capacity of Oleth 10 (as surfactant) and oleic acid (as the oil phase) to reduce interfacial tension, large regions of translucent systems were seen on the diagrams produced by them. By polarized light microscopy, it was possible to identify the isotropic and anisotropic properties of these systems, which were confirmed by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) analysis. Furthermore, it was found that increasing the proportion of water in the formulations led to more highly organized structures, resulting in narrower and well defined SAXS peaks.
Glomerular Autoimmune Multicomponents of Human Lupus Nephritis In Vivo (2)
Authors: Bruschi Maurizio , Galetti Maricla , Sinico Renato Alberto , Moroni Gabriella , Bonanni Alice , Radice Antonella , Tincani Angela , Pratesi Federico , Migliorini Paola , Murtas Corrado , Franceschini Franco , Trezzi Barbara , Brunini Francesca , Gatti Rita , Tardanico Regina , Barbano Giancarlo , Piaggio Giorgio , Messa Piergiorgio , Ravani Pietro , Scolari Francesco , Candiano Giovanni , Martini Alberto , Allegri Landino , Ghiggeri Gian Marco
Published: November 2014

Glomerular planted antigens (histones, DNA, and C1q) are potential targets of autoimmunity in lupus nephritis (LN). However, the characterization of these antigens in human glomeruli in vivo remains inconsistent. We eluted glomerular autoantibodies recognizing planted antigens from laser-microdissected renal biopsy samples of 20 patients with LN. Prevalent antibody isotypes were defined, levels were determined, and glomerular colocalization was investigated. Renal and circulating antibodies were matched, and serum levels were compared in 104 patients with LN, 84 patients with SLE without LN, and 50 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Autoantibodies against podocyte antigens (anti–α-enolase/antiannexin AI) were also investigated. IgG2 autoantibodies against DNA, histones (H2A, H3, and H4), and C1q were detected in 50%, 55%, and 70% of biopsy samples, respectively. Anti-DNA IgG3 was the unique non-IgG2 anti-DNA deposit, and anti-C1q IgG4 was mainly detected in subepithelial membranous deposits. Anti-H3, anti-DNA, and anti-C1q IgG2 autoantibodies were also prevalent in LN serum, which also contained IgG3 against the antigen panel and anti-C1q IgG4. Serum and glomerular levels of autoantibodies were not strictly associated. High serum levels of all autoantibodies detected, including anti–α-enolase and antiannexin AI, identified LN versus SLE and RA. Anti-H3 and anti–α-enolase IgG2 levels had the most remarkable increase in LN serum and represented a discriminating feature of LN in principal component analysis. The highest levels of these two autoantibodies were also associated with proteinuria>3.5 g/24 hours and creatinine>1.2 mg/dl. Our findings suggest that timely autoantibody characterization might allow outcome prediction and targeted therapies for patients with nephritis.