bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vegetation of rock clefts and ledges in the Pamir Alai Mts, Tajikistan (Middle Asia)
Authors: Nowak Arkadiusz , Nowak Sylwia , Nobis Marcin , Nobis Agnieszka
Published: December 2013

The paper presents the results of phytosociological research conducted on the vegetation of rock clefts and ledges in the Pamir-Alai Mountains (Tajikistan, Middle Asia). During the field studies, done in 2010–2012, 101 phytosociological relevés were taken. Plant species were recorded according to the Braun-Blanquet cover-abundance scale. Communities of calcareous rock clefts and ledges with small soil amounts from several ranges (Zeravshan Mts, Hissar Mts, Hazratishokh Mts, Darvaz Mts, Rushan Mts and Vanch Mts), inhabiting mainly the alpine and subnival zone, have been described. A synopsis of the rock communities of the Pamir-Alai is proposed. In the examined vegetation plots 77 vascular plant and 6 moss species were noted. The most frequent were: Achoriphragma pinnatifidum, Artemisia rutifolia, Asperula albiflora, Campanula incanescens, C. lehmanniana, Parietaria judaica, Pentanema albertoregelia, Poa relaxa and Stipa zeravshanica among vascular plants and Brachythecium albicans and Bryum caespiticum among mosses. Most of them are narrow endemics of Tajikistan or Middle Asia. The collected material presents most of the variability among the phytocoenoses of large crevices and rock ledges in limestone massifs in the alpine and subnival zones. As a result of field research and numerical analyses, 7 associations have been distinguished: Achoriphragmetum pinnatifidi, Asperulo albiflorae-Stipetum zeravshanicae, Inuletum glaucae, Paraquilegietum anemonoidis, Pentanemetum albertoregeliae, Rhinactinidietum popovii and Saussureaetum
ovatae. The distinctiveness of habitat and species composition of Middle Asiatic rock communities makes it necessary to distinguish a new suballiance, Pentanemenion albertoregeliae, within the Asperulo albiflorae-Poion relaxae alliance. The main factors determining the species composition of classified associations seem to be the elevation above sea level and exposition. Alpine rock communities are one of the most unique and interesting plant formations in the moutainous areas of Pamir-Alai. Despite not being species-rich they often harbour many specialists adapted to harsh and extreme environments, especially in areas of Mediterranean-like climate.
Comparison of Mulligan Sustained Natural Apophyseal Glides and Maitland Mobilizations for Treatment of Cervicogenic Dizziness: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Reid Susan A. , Rivett Darren A. , Katekar Michael G. , Callister Robin
Published: December 2013

Background

There is short-term evidence for treatment of cervicogenic dizziness with Mulligan sustained natural apophyseal glides (SNAGs) but no evidence for treatment with Maitland mobilizations.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of SNAGs and Maitland mobilizations for cervicogenic dizziness.

Design

A double-blind, parallel-arm randomized controlled trial was conducted.

Setting

The study was conducted at a university in Newcastle, Australia.

Participants

Eighty-six people with cervicogenic dizziness were the study participants.

Interventions

Included participants were randomly allocated to receive 1 of 3 interventions: Mulligan SNAGs (including self-administered SNAGs), Maitland mobilizations plus range-of-motion exercises, or placebo.

Measurements

The primary outcome measure was intensity of dizziness. Other outcome measures were: frequency of dizziness, the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI), intensity of pain, and global perceived effect (GPE).

Results

Both manual therapy groups had reduced dizziness intensity and frequency posttreatment and at 12 weeks compared with baseline. There was no change in the placebo group. Both manual therapy groups had less dizziness intensity posttreatment (SNAGs: mean difference=−20.7, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]=−33.6, −7.7; mobilizations: mean difference=−15.2, 95% CI=−27.9, −2.4) and at 12 weeks (SNAGs: mean difference=−18.4, 95% CI=−31.3, −5.4; mobilizations: mean difference=−14.4, 95% CI=−27.4, −1.5) compared with the placebo group. Compared with the placebo group, both the SNAG and Maitland mobilization groups had less frequency of dizziness at 12 weeks. There were no differences between the 2 manual therapy interventions for these dizziness measures. For DHI and pain, all 3 groups improved posttreatment and at 12 weeks. Both manual therapy groups reported a higher GPE compared with the placebo group. There were no treatment-related adverse effects lasting longer than 24 hours.

Limitations

The therapist performing the interventions was not blind to group allocation.

Conclusions

Both SNAGs and Maitland mobilizations provide comparable immediate and sustained (12 weeks) reductions in intensity and frequency of chronic cervicogenic dizziness.
Autochthonous case of dengue in France, October 2013
Authors: Marchand E , Prat C , Jeannin C , Lafont E , Bergmann T , Flusin O , Rizzi J , Roux N , Busso V , Deniau J , Noel H , Vaillant V , Leparc-Goffart I , Six C , Paty M  C
Published: December 2013

Binary file ES_Abstracts_Final_ECDC.txt matches
Prevalence Of Urinary Tract Infection Among Primary School Children In Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
Authors: Isa MA , Ismail HY , Allamin IA , Shettima A , Mustapha A
Published: December 2013

The prevalence of urinary tract infection (UTI) among children attending primary schools in Maiduguri was investigated in this study. The study was carried out between January and April 2011 among apparently healthy pupils. One hundred and twenty (120) clean-catch urine samples were obtained from the pupils using standard procedures. Microbial culture on Cystein Lactose Electrolyte Deficient (CLED) ager and subsequent Biochemical tests revealed 31.7% of the samples with significant bacterial growth (≥ 105 CFU/ml). Among the identified organisms Escherichia coli were more prevalent (8.3%) among the identified organisms, while Proteus and Klebsiella species were less prevalent (1.6% each). Other species that were identified include Staphylococcus aureus (6.7%), Streptococcus faecalis (4.2%), Staphylococcus saprophyticus (3.3%) and Corynebacterium species (5.8%). Urinalysis to detect haematuria as presumptive test for UTI was insignificant (P > 0.05). Only 2 (out of 5) samples showed bacteriuria in culture plates. Association of gender, previous history of UTI, bedwetting and presence of blood in urine related prevalence were tested, only sex was strongly associated with UTI (p < 0.05). The incidence of UTI in females (19.5%) was higher than males (12.5%). Therefore, government needs to increase efforts toward creating awareness among the people, for effective treatment, control and prevention of the disease. International Journal of Environment, Volume-2, Issue-1, Sep-Nov 2013, Pages 9-15 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v2i1.9203
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Analysis Of Oil Of Menthaarvensis Grown At Sites Varying With Vehicular Traffic Loads In Lucknow City, India
Authors: Prakash Nidhi , Yumus Mohhamad
Published: December 2013

The demand of the essential oil of mint species; widely used in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, is growing throughout the world. Owing its significance, it was felt important to know the changes in chemical characteristics of the oil, if any, for economic value when the crop of Mentha is grown near highways, railway tracks or areas having heavy traffic loads. To assess the effect of vehicular emissions on menthol (mint oil), transfer experiment study was conducted. Firstly, within the municipal premises of Lucknow city, five sites (Road stretches) were identified based on survey of Lucknow city and the available data on air pollution loads. Sites were selected which were differing from each other significantly in terms of the number of vehicles (source of pollution) plying on them but were quite similar to each other in other eco-physiological factors. On the select sites equal number of potted Menthaarvensis plants of the same age, height and vigour of saccham variety obtained from CSIR-CIMAP was kept to get exposed to auto-exhaust pollutants for one year. Irrigation regime at all sites was kept uniform to avoid the influence of any other variable other than vehicular emissions. An analysis of hydro-distillated essential oil of Menthaarvensis variety Sascham under FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) revealed some qualitative changes in the organic-compounds of the oil from plants grown at sites of Lucknow city loaded with high vehicular load (auto-exhaust pollutants) over plants kept under relatively pollution free site. Several indicator bands that are pertained to functional groups represent chemical components or metabolic products. The quantity of the peppermint oil extracted from plants of site having highest traffic loads, in turn maximum ambient pollutants (NO2, SO2, O3, SPM & RSPM) was also found less as compared to plants grown in less polluted site. International Journal of Environment, Volume-2, Issue-1, Sep-Nov 2013, Pages 16-25 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v2i1.9204
Conservation And Management Strategies For Threatened Plant Species Of Kachchh Desert Island, Gujarat, India
Authors: Joshi Pankaj N , Soni Hiren B , Sunderraj SF Wesley , Joshua Justus
Published: December 2013

Climatic variations and geo-morphological conditions of a particular geographic province determine the formation of different plant communities, and thereby form the different types of habitats. One of the indispensable prerequisites for conservation of a particular species is to understand different ecological parameters determine its population status and distribution pattern. The present study focuses on the status and distribution of threatened and medicinal plant species in various types of habitats and ecosystems of Kachchh Desert Island, Gujarat, India. Besides opportunistic observations of floral elements, conservation and management of some medicinal and threatened plant species is discussed. The study also depicts the understanding of role of environmental, ecological, economical, social and ethological factors which help to enhance the productive potential of a particular plant species alongwith its associated communities involving local people, tribal communities and local NGOs. International Journal of Environment, Volume-2, Issue-1, Sep-Nov 2013, Pages 45-59 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v2i1.9207
Human Threat On Phenological Cycle Of Selected Dry Deciduous Tree Species In North Gujarat Region (Ngr), Gujarat, India
Authors: Kumar Rajendra , Kalavathy S
Published: December 2013

Phenological observations were taken for 13 woody species for two years (Jan 2006 - Dec 2007) in dry deciduous forest of North Gujarat. The phenological behavior of most of the woody species was almost similar in two different years. Leaf initiation started in the month of March with peak April – May before pre-monsoon showers and leaf - fall began in October with a peak in November and December. Flowering in most of the woody species was observed in the month of February continued till May, fruit appearance for these species from March, with a peak of August. In July and August 69% of woody species appeared in fruit ripening stage. While monsoon begins same duration, that allow to the optimal germination of tree species. An observing human impact on selected species facing seasonal threats, more number of species faced cutting during leaf fall period or before on setting of flowers. International Journal of Environment, Volume-2, Issue-1, Sep-Nov 2013, Pages 60-69 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v2i1.9208
The Antifungal Activity Of Aqueous And Ethanol Extracts Of Jatropha Curcas L. Against Aspergillus Niger (Van Tieghem) That Cause Black Mould Rot Of Onion Bulbs In Sokoto, Nigeria
Authors: Bashir LU , Gashua IB , Isa MA , Ali A
Published: December 2013

The antifungal activity of aqueous and ethanol extracts obtained from seed and leaf of Jatropha curcas were investigated using agar incorporation method in vitro against Aspergillus niger, a microbe known to be resistant to some chemical agents. Pathogenicity test revealed that A. niger was the pathogenic fungus that cause black mould rot of onion bulbs. The growth of A. niger was markedly suppressed by aqueous and ethanol extracts of leaf and seed, 65.7 and 57.0% at 160 mg/ml. The extracts at low concentration did not show considerable activity against the fungus except leaf ethanol extract 53.3% at 40 mg/ml.The in vivo study showed that aqueous extracts of seed and leaf reduced rot development, 59.4 and 54.4 % in onion bulbs. Highest rot inhibition 66.3 was obtained at 160 mg/ml seed extract.The result of the study suggest the potentials of J. curcas extracts as fungicidal agent that could be useful in management of black mould rot of onion bulbs caused by Aspergillus niger. International Journal of Environment, Volume-2, Issue-1, Sep-Nov 2013, Pages 83-90 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v2i1.9211
Geospatial Modeling To Assess Geomorphological Risk For Relentless Shifting Cultivation In Garo Hills Of Meghalaya, North East India
Authors: Yadav Pramod Kumar , Sarma Kiranmay , Mishra Ashish Kumar
Published: December 2013

Due to shifting cultivation, the overall structure and composition of ecological condition is affected, hence landscape study becomes important for maintaining ecological diversity and appropriate scientific planning of any area. Garo hills region of northeast India is suffering from Geomorphological risk like sheet erosion, landslide etc. due to the age old tradition of shifting cultivation in the fragile hill slopes aided by other anthropogenic activities. The present study was conducted to examine the role of shifting cultivation for deforestation and degradation with variant of slope and elevation to relate vegetation cover with slope and elevation in the Garo Hills landscape of Meghalaya using temporal remote sensing data of 1991, 2001 and 2010. It revealed that there is decrease in dense forest and open forest during the 1st decade while areas under dense forest and non-forest increased in 2nd decade. This increased forest area is confined in the high slopes, which are inaccessible. The study shows increase in shifting cultivation near-about double fold in high slope and more than a double fold in the high altitudinal area in last decade, which is negative sign in terms of Geomorphological protection. International Journal of Environment, Volume-2, Issue-1, Sep-Nov 2013, Pages 91-104 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v2i1.9212
Scenario Of Solid Waste Management In Hetauda Municipality, Nepal
Authors: Neupane Bigyan , Neupane Shuvee
Published: December 2013

The paper aims to enlighten the solid waste management of Hetauda Municipality in Makwanpur district of an area of 44.5 sq. km. The total human population of the municipality is 84,671 (CBS 2011). Out of 11 wards, 5 wards (1, 2, 3, 4 and 10) were selected for the present study. In total 50 households, 10 institutions and 10 commercial sectors were selected from studied wards from which samples of different types of wastes were collected, segregated and weighed. Weight was calculated using a digital spring balance and a bag 0.043 m3 was used for the estimation of volume. Organic wastes were found to be dominant in the household (51.73%) and commercial sectors (61.70%) whereas in institutions, plastic (50.36%) and papers (38.19%) were prevailing. The findings revealed that per capita 155.4 gm/person/day household waste was generated in Hetauda Municipality. The residents are also aware of the harmful effects of the wastes, and demand an effective solid waste management services. Though they are aware about the sustainable management of wastes, due to erratic collection of wastes, some of them throw the wastes in the open lands - The local people also participate in the awareness campaigns organized by local NGOs and municipal. Solid waste management strategies are timely need for an effective management of anthropogenic wastes. Regular waste collection, improvement of dumping sites and sufficient number of composting plants are recommended in the municipality. International Journal of Environment, Volume-2, Issue-1, Sep-Nov 2013, Pages 105-114 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v2i1.9214
Preliminary Observations On Phytoplankton At Sacred Palustrine Habitat, Central Gujarat, India
Authors: Soni Hiren B , Thomas Sheju
Published: December 2013

The aim of the present study was to depict the phytoplankton composition of Sacred Palustrine Habitat (SPH), Anand District, Central Gujarat, India. Collections of phytoplankton were carried out at three permanent sampling stations on monthly basis for one year (June 2012 to May 2013). The phytoplankton population was represented by 39 genera and 48 species belongs to family Bacillariophyceae (21 species), followed by Cyanophyceae (7 species), Cholorophyceae (18 species), and Euglenophyceae (2 species). Species such as Ankistrodesmus convolutus Corda, Closteriopsis longissima Lemmermann, Oscillatoria perornata Skuja, Oscillatoria subbrevis Schmidle, Syndrea ulna (Nitzsch) Ehrenberg, were found abundant at all the study sites, while some species were rare 56.25% (n=27). International Journal of Environment, Volume-2, Issue-1, Sep-Nov 2013, Pages 115-126 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v2i1.9215
An Assessment Of Physicochemical Properties, Heavy Metal Enrichment And Fungal Characterization Of Refined Kerosene Impacted Soil In Anand, Gujarat, India
Authors: Khan Shamiyan R , Kumar JI Nirmal , Kumar Rita N , Patel Jignasha G
Published: December 2013

The present study was carried out to assess the physico-chemical properties, heavy metal enrichment and fungal isolation and characterization of the top soil samples collected in-situ from aged refined kerosene contaminated as well as uncontaminated garden soil sites in Anand, Gujarat, India. The total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) concentrations were 17,510 mg/kg in kerosene contaminated soil against 142.65 mg/kg for uncontaminated soils. The contamination increased the soil organic carbon, nitrogen and clay to 2.95 %, 0.612 %, 36.22 % as compared to 1.5%, 0.153%, 32.4% respectively in the uncontaminated soil. Increased concentration of heavy metals like Cobalt, Copper, Iron, Zinc and Lead against the uncontaminated soil was encountered. Ten native fungal speciesbelonging to a total of five genera include Aspergillus (A. terreus, A. versicolor, A. niger); Fusarium oxysporum; Penicilliumjanthinellum from the uncontaminated garden soil, whereas the contaminated soil included Aspergillus (A. terreus, A. versicolor , A. niger) Candida tropicalis,Cladosporiumbruhnei and Fusarium oxysporum, identified based on 18S rRNA and the nucleotide sequences were submitted to the NCBI, GenBank database. The changes created by kerosene contamination resulted in variation in individual concentrations of physicochemical properties, soil conductivity, pH and soil fertility indices probably dwindle the growth of fungal strains causing a reduction in the fungal population in the kerosene contaminated soil. International Journal of Environment, Volume-2, Issue-1, Sep-Nov 2013, Pages 164-174 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v2i1.9219
Chronic Toxicity Of High Molecular Weight Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbon- Pyrene On Freshwater Cyanobacterium Anabaena Fertlissima Rao
Authors: Patel Jignasha G , Kumar JI Nirmal , Kumar Rita N , Khan Shamiyan R
Published: December 2013

The aim of this work was to determine the consequences of Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon – Pyrene in response to growth, pigments and metabolic study on Anabaena fertilissima Rao. Test organisms were treated at different doses and encountered LC50 (Lethal concentration at which 50% growth reduction occur) concentration separately at 1.5 mg/l, 3.0 mg/l and 6.0 mg/l respectively for Anabaena fertilissima Rao. The influence of Pyrene on growth, pigments, release of metabolites such as carbohydrates, protein, amino acid, phenols was carried out. The test doses caused a concentration dependent decrease in pigments like carotenoids and phycobilliproteins and showed more sensitivity to pyrene. Depletion of carbohydrate by 13% to 81% and proteins by 47% to 93% was encountered with rise in pyrene concentrations after 16th day of exposure. However, phenols were found to rise by 27% to 50% with increased pyrene concentrations on the contrary, amino acids were reported to decline by 79% to 92%. This study therefore suggests high molecular weight pyrene that decreases in metabolite content and enzyme activity can be used as a signal of PAHs toxicity in cyanobacteria. International Journal of Environment, Volume-2, Issue-1, Sep-Nov 2013, Pages 175-183 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v2i1.9220
Preliminary Assessment Of Surface Water Quality Of Tropical Pilgrimage Wetland Of Central Gujarat, India
Authors: Soni Hiren B , Thomas Sheju
Published: December 2013

The present paper highlights the preliminary investigation of physico-chemical characteristics of tropical pilgrimage wetland viz. Dakor Sacred Wetland (DSW), Anand District, Central Gujarat, India. As the existing water body is contaminated with domestic sewage influenced by anthropogenic interventions, an urgent need was felt to evaluate physico-chemical parameters such as Temperature, pH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Total Solids (TS), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Free CO2, Phenolphthalein Alkalinity (PA), Total Alkalinity (TA), Carbonates, Bicarbonates, Total Hardness, Calcium Hardness, Magnesium Hardness, Chloride, Salinity, Sulphate, Phosphate, Nitrate, Sodium, and Potassium. The obtained data were correlated statistically to draw a conclusion about the surface water quality of tropical pilgrimage wetland. Moreover, the results manifested the need and prime necessity to restore the physical, chemical and biological integrity with viable and rigorous restoration and management strategies in order to maintain, preserve, conserve and to avert the ecological imbalance and disturbance in hydro-geo-chemical and hydro-biological cycles, which adversely affect the food chain and food web of the significant pond ecosystem. International Journal of Environment, Volume-2, Issue-1, Sep-Nov 2013, Pages 202-223 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v2i1.9222
Status Of Endemic Plants Of Bangladesh And Conservation Management Strategies
Authors: Rahman M Atiqur , Rashid M Enamur
Published: December 2013

The present study was aimed at recognizing the status of 28 endemic plants of Bangladesh and determining their conservation management strategies. These endemics belong to 17 angiosperm families and constitute about 0.78% of the total species of the country. Of these endemics, 2 species were least concern, 10 rare and 7 endangered, and need to give immediate conservation priority. Another 9 endemics were assessed to be extinct since no report of collection for more than 100 years was available and could not be traced in the wild. An enumeration of these endemics is presented, each cited with updated nomenclature, bangla names, type, habit, ecology, potential values, places and status of occurrence, threats to the species, conservation status for sustainable management strategies. List of examined specimens of these endemics, wherever available, is also provided. Photographs of 24 endemics are also presented. International Journal of Environment, Volume-2, Issue-1, Sep-Nov 2013, Pages 231-249 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v2i1.9224
Assessing Tourism Potential In Bhaktapur Durbar Square, Nepal
Authors: Neupane Ramesh , KC Anup , Pant Ramesh Raj
Published: December 2013

Tourism is one of the most promising driver and contributor of the world economy having significant role in sustainable development, economic upliftment and social benefits. It has the potential to contribute towards environmental protection and poverty reduction. Prior to investment in tourism, concerned authorities must know the condition of respective tourist resources, their attractiveness and levels of touristic demand. Very few studies in Nepal have made an effort to quantify the tourism potential in cultural, historical and religious sites such as Bhaktapur Durbar Square. With an objective to assess the tourism potential of Bhaktapur Durbar Square using Weighted Sum Method, this study was carried out from start of June to the end of July in 2013. For this purpose, questionnaire survey with tourists, private businesses and public sector institutions; focus group discussion and key informant interview with tourism enterpreneur and local government officer was carried out. The tourism potential was found to be high with a strength of exceptionally rich cultural, historical and religious heritage, favourable geographical situation, positive image of local Newari food products and friendly and welcoming local people. The areas of weaknesses were lack of tourism infrastructures and services, lack of tourist information and weak management of tourist area. Hence, to utilise the tourism potential of Bhaktapur Durbar Square to the fullest for the economic upliftment of its inhabitants, promotional activities such as tourism fairs, festivals, cultural dances and events should be conducted at regular intervals with prompt security services. International Journal of Environment, Volume-2, Issue-1, Sep-Nov 2013, Pages 250-261 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v2i1.9225
Phytochemical And Antibacterial Activityof Leave Extracts Of Guiera Senegalensis Lam On Selected Species Of Gram Positive And Gram Negative Bacteria
Authors: Mamman IA , Isa MA
Published: December 2013

The aim of this study was to determine the preliminary phytochemical component and antibacterial activity of the leaves extract of Guiera senegalensis lam (Combretaceae) against three clinical isolates (Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli and Klebsiella species) using standard method of analysis. The test for phytochemical component revealed the presence of alkaloid, anthraquinolones, tannin and phlobatanins. The result of antibacterial activity showed that the ethanolic extract exhibit higher zone of inhibition against all the clinical isolates, with E. coli and Klebsiella species showed zone of inhibition of 35mm followed Staphylococcus aureus 30mm. Similarly, both aqueous and methanolic extract were sensitive to all the clinical isolate except Klebsiella species which showed resistance to the methanolic extract of the leaves. The results obtained in this research imply that the leaves extract of Guiera senegalensis lam could be useful in the treatment of infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli and Klebsiella species. International Journal of Environment, Volume-2, Issue-1, Sep-Nov 2013, Pages 262-268 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v2i1.9226
Riots After Medical Mishaps. How can we Improve?
Authors: Joshi Amit
Published: December 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/noaj.v3i1.9317 Nepal Orthopedic Association Journal 2013 Vol.3(1): 3-4
External Fixator in Elderly Patients with Hip Fractures
Authors: Shrestha Shilu , Banskota Bibek , Rajbhandary Tarun , Shrestha Babukaji , Pandey Jwala Raj , Banskota Ashok Kumar
Published: December 2013

Introduction: Fragility fractures around the hip are common in the elderly and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Early stabilization and mobilization reduces mortality associated with prolonged recumbence. In patients who are not fi t for general anesthesia, external fixation under local anesthesia will help early mobilization. Methods: A retrospective study of hip fractures treated between 2002 to 2009 was undertaken. Out of 242 hip fractures, 13 patients with inter-trochanteric fractures had undergone external fixator application under local anesthesia. There were 9 females and 4 males; five were on right side and 8 on left side. As per the system of American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA), 10 were of grade III, 2 of grade IV and 1 of grade E. The age of the patient ranged from 60 to 92 years (average 80 years). The average delay in surgery was 8.2 days for cases presenting soon after the injury. Results: Follow up was done at 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months with the average follow up of 4.7 months. All the fractures (n=13) united and the average time to radiological union was 3 months. Three patients had grade I pin tract infection which was easily controlled with local care. The average Harris hip score at final follow-up was 92. Conclusion: External fixator can be a valuable tool for the treatment of hip fractures in high risk elderly patients with concomitant medical co-morbidities. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/noaj.v3i1.9319   Nepal Orthopedic Association Journal 2013 Vol.3(1): 11-13
Analgesic Effect of Intraarticular Tramadol with Morphine after Arthroscopic Knee Surgery
Authors: Faisal Hussain , Lamichhane Arjun , Mahara Deepak
Published: December 2013

Introduction: Post-operative improved pain control of patients has made arthroscopy as a day care procedure, reducing patient’s expenses and hospital staffs work load. Various analgesic drugs have been administered into the joint following Arthroscopy. Intra-articular injection of morphine has been practiced in many centres all over the world. We aimed to compare the efficacy of intra-articular tramadol and morphine. Tramadol is an opioid drug with similar analgesic properties like morphine. Tramadol unlike morphine is readily available over the counter not being abused and has more favourable side effects. Methods: It was a prospectively randomized double-blind study in which sixty patients having elective arthroscopic surgery of the knee were randomized into two groups. Group A (Tramadol Group) received intra-articular tramadol 50mg and Group B (Morphine Group) received morphine 5mg in equivalent volumes. Post-operative pain using Visual Analogue Score (VAS) between 0 and 10, (0 no pain to 10 worst pain) requirement of first analgesic, and incidence of side effects were recorded postoperatively at intervals of 3,4,5,6 and 24 hours. Results: The assessment of VAS score among the two groups in 3,4,5,6 and 24 hours of IA injection showed a p value of 0.349, 0.807, 0.676, 0.271 and 0.163 respectively, suggesting non significant difference in two groups. There was statistically significant result (p=0.005) for request of first analgesia (Ibuprofen 400mg+ Paracetalmol 500mg) at 6 hours of IA injection with tramadol group, requiring less analgesics. There are no other clinically important differences between the groups, including preoperative duration of symptoms, postoperative pain scores and side effects irrespective of the diagnosis and the procedure performed. Conclusion: 50 mg IA tramadol provides analgesia equivalent to 5 mg IA morphine. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/noaj.v3i1.9320 Nepal Orthopedic Association Journal 2013 Vol.3(1): 14-18
Close Reduction and Percutaneous K-wire Fixation without Image Intensifier in Supracondylar Fracture of Humerus in Children
Authors: Mohammad Ruhullah , Shah Sanjay Kumar Ranjan , Singh HR , Sinha KD , Barua Dipan , Irshad Mohammad , Gupta Sanjay
Published: December 2013

Introduction: Extension Type III supracondyla fractures of the humerus is most common fractures around the elbow in children. Closed reduction and percutaneous pinning under image intensifier guide has been the gold standard method of treatment. However, image intensifier is not readily available in most part of our country. Closed reduction and percutaneous pinning is possible even without image intensifier. we report our case series of 51 cases who underwent closed reduction and percutaneous pinning without image intensifier. Methods: Between November 2009 and April 2011 a total of 51 children with a displaced supracondylar fractures of the humerus were managed by close reduction and percuteneus k-wire fixation without using image intensifier. They were followed for a period of minimum 6 months up to one and a half years (average one year) and the final outcome was assessed using functional and cosmetic criteria used by Flynn and associates. Results: Of these 51 patients, 46 (90%) patients showed an excellent results. Satisfactory results were achieved in 4 (8%) patients, poor in 1(2%) patients. Conclusion: Close reduction and percutaneous K-wire fixation without using image intensifier is radiation free, cost effective and relatively safe method of management of displaced supracondylar fractures of humerus in children. It can be used in a remote hospital where the facilities of image intensifier or portable x-ray are not available. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/noaj.v3i1.9321 Nepal Orthopedic Association Journal 2013 Vol.3(1): 19-22
Percutaneous Pedicle Screw and Rod Insertion for the Treatment of Thoracic and Lumbar Spine Fracture
Authors: Chaudhary Pashupati , Karn Navin Kumar , Shrestha Bikram Prasad , Khanal Guru Prasad , Rijal Raju
Published: December 2013

Introduction: Standard techniques for lumbar pedicle screw and rod fixation involve open exposure and extensive muscle dissection. Percutaneous pedicle screw system minimises the morbidity associated with traditional open approaches without compromising the quality of spinal fixation. A preliminary experience with this device has been encouraging. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate operative techniques and experiences with percutaneous lumbar pedicle screw and rod insertion for internal fixation of the lumbar spine without use of Zig. Methods: It was hospital based retrospective interventional study done at the department of Orthopaedics, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal over a period of 2 and half years. The study enrolled 30 patients aged 18-55 years who had presented with traumatic fracture of thoracic and lumbar spine. All thirty patients underwent percutaneous pedicle screw and rod fixation and successful percutaneous single/two level fusions. The follow up period ranged from 6 to 24 months. Results: The study comprised of 25 males and 5 females. Average patient’s age was 36.5 years (range 18-55 years). The common mode of injury was fall from height, road traffic accident, physical assault followed by sports related injury. All patients were having unstable spine fracture without neurological deficit. Operation time, loss of blood, post operative pain was less in percutaneous method. Post operative rehabilitation was easier. Spinal fusion was achieved in all patients in 6 months to 1 year time. There was no post-operative neurological deficit, infection, implant failure. Conclusion: Our early experience suggests that Minimally invasive approaches for performing lumbar fusion, is able to achieve the same clinical results as conventional open procedures. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/noaj.v3i1.9322   Nepal Orthopedic Association Journal 2013 Vol.3(1): 23-27
Generalized Surgical Emphysema in Open Pelvic Fracture: a case report
Authors: Paudel Byapak , Pandey Chakra Raj
Published: December 2013

Open fractures of the pelvis are rare and potentially lethal injuries with mortality rate ranging from 30 % to 50 %. Subcutaneous surgical emphysema over the pelvis in open pelvis fracture has been reported in literature but generalized surgical emphysema in open pelvis fracture has not been reported previously. We present and discuss here a case of 24 years old man who had sustained Road traffic accident resulting in multiple fractures and developed generalized surgical emphysema. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/noaj.v3i1.9323 Nepal Orthopedic Association Journal 2013 Vol.3(1): 28-30
Bilateral Posterior Fracture Dislocation of Shoulder
Authors: Shah Himanshu , Daveshwar Rajiv
Published: December 2013

Posterior dislocation of shoulder is relatively uncommon entity. Posterior fracture dislocation of shoulder is even rare and bilateral posterior fracture dislocation of shoulder is even rarest entity. We present a case of 45 years of adult male having bilateral posterior fracture dislocation of shoulder following convulsive seizure and treated with open reduction and internal fixation with satisfactory functional outcome. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/noaj.v3i1.9324   Nepal Orthopedic Association Journal 2013 Vol.3(1): 31-34
Lack of physician-patient communication as a key factor associated with malpractice litigation in neonatal brachial plexus palsy
Authors: Domino Joseph , McGovern Connie , Chang Kate W. C. , Carlozzi Noelle E. , Yang Lynda J. S.
Published: December 2013

Object

Perinatal disorders are prone to malpractice litigation. Neonatal brachial plexus palsy (NBPP) results from stretching the nerves in the perinatal period and may lead to paresis or paralysis and sensory loss in the affected arm. Little is known about the key factors associated with malpractice litigation by families of patients with NBPP and whether these factors reflect the practice environment or are inherent to the condition. In this study, the authors documented the percentage of families of NBPP patients at a specialty center that had filed a malpractice suit and described the key factors associated with that pursuit of legal action.

Methods

The families/caregivers of 51 patients with NBPP who had presented to the University of Michigan Interdisciplinary Brachial Plexus Program participated in this study. A qualitative research design was applied using both a questionnaire to examine psychosocial factors and a dynamic tool to measure health outcomes from the patient perspective via parent proxy (Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System [PROMIS] assessment instruments). Statistical analysis included the Fisher exact test, chi-square test, and Student t-test. The study protocol was approved by the University of Michigan institutional review board.

Results

Forty-seven percent of the families pursued malpractice litigation. In comparing patient families that had pursued legal action with those that had not, significant differences were revealed in the perception that the sustained birth injury was unnecessary (p = 0.002), the information received in the perinatal period was inadequate (p = 0.003), family concerns were ignored in the perinatal period (p = 0.005), and family concerns were not adequately addressed (p < 0.001). Sixty-six percent of the families received external advice to pursue legal action. The PROMIS survey revealed significant group differences in depressive symptoms (p = 0.008), fatigue (p = 0.02), pain (p = 0.01), and anger (p = 0.004). In contrast, the extent of NBPP was not associated with malpractice litigation (p = 0.18). Age, sex, and race were not significantly different between litigation and nonlitigation groups.

Conclusions

Physician-controllable factors, such as communication in the perinatal period, are associated with malpractice litigation in NBPP. The perceived level of global disability may affect the pursuit of malpractice litigation, whereas the isolated extent of nerve root involvement and/or upper extremity dysfunction are not significant factors in pursuing litigation. Identifying and ameliorating these factors within the practice environment may decrease the animosity between families and health care providers and improve overall outcome for patients with NBPP.
Les manuscrits arabico-malgaches du Sud-Est, leur importance historique
Authors: Faublée Jacques
Published: December 2013

Dès les premiers témoignages des explorateurs européens dans le sud-est de Madagascar, on constate que quelques hommes appartenant à une lignée Zafiraminia ou à des clans nobles de la tribu des Antemuru, gardent l'usage de l'écriture arabe, et conservent des manuscrits considérés comme les trésors sacrés de leur groupe social. Le respect de ces volumes n'a pas interdit leur divulgation. Il n'empêche pas non plus la tradition de se perdre. L'étude des manuscrits arabico-malgaches donne des indications historiques : le papier a été diffusé à partir du Xe siècle de l'ère chrétienne ; l'écriture écarte l'hypothèse du passage par l'Afrique orientale ; la transcription fait penser que ce ne sont pas des arabes qui se sont installés à Madagascar, mais que des Malgaches ont appris une graphie étrangère. Ces scribes ont donné un aspect musulman à des traditions rappelant l'arrivée d'immigrants indo-javanais. Parmi les Antemuru qui maintiennent l'usage de l'écriture arabe, des astrologues perpétuent un calendrier luni-astral. Certains manuscrits ont un caractère historique incontestable, mais ne donnent de renseignements que sur une période limitée. Par la description du passé, le récit justifie les alliances qui créent des liens sociaux. Il est donc inutile de narrer les événements récents, depuis la révolte des roturiers contre les nobles, qui ont détruit l'ancienne société.
Un épisode du partage de l'Afrique : la mission Monteil de 1890-1892
Authors: de Tessieres Yves
Published: December 2013

At a time when the French had just reached Segou, on the Niger, Captain Parfait Louis Monteil, originally recommended by Binger to work with Etienne in what was to become the Menard Mission, finally accomplished just after the Franco-British agreements of 5 August 1890, one of the finest explorations of the French Colonial conquest. Carefully organized by an expert in African affairs, the Monteil Mission, comprising a dozen men, having discreetly left Saint-Louis on 9 October 1890, triumphally entered Tripoli on 10 December 1892 after having journeyed across the winding course of the Niger, the Empire of Sokoto and the Sahara desert between Tchad and Tripolitania. While Italy looked upon Monteil as a French emissary with secret to prepare the conquest of Tripolitania, England received with much reservation the treaties arranged by the explorer. Monteil urged the French Government to demand correction of the hypothetical tracing of the Say-Barroua Une of demarcation, while keeping in mind the actual presence of the English (Royal Niger Company). But during the negociations that resulted in the agreement of 14 June 1898, this question was ignored in favor of an access corridor to the lower reaches of the Niger, which however could not be obtained. All of Monteil's efforts to prevent the ratification of that agreement (as well as the one of 21 March 1899 settling the Fachoda Affair) were fruitless despite the support of the Leagues. And yet, after an agreement in principle in 1904, the Convention of 29 May 1906 definitely fixed the Franco-British frontier between Nigeria and Tchad moving it toward the South to take into considération the geographicai layout.
L'administration napoléonienne en Indonésie
Authors: Eymeret Joël
Published: December 2013

Comme beaucoup de pays au début du XIXe siècle, l'Indonésie a eu sa période napoléonienne et le personnage le plus marquant en fut Herman Willem Daendels, « le Napoléon batave ». Né à Hattem en Gueldre, le 21 octobre 1763, docteur en droit en 1783, ce fils de la bourgeoisie provinciale hollandaise doit s'enfuir en France en 1787 après l'échec des Patriotes hollandais contre le Stadhouder ; la Révolution française en fera un général de division en 1794. Fidèle serviteur des Bonapartes, il fut nommé par Louis, alors roi de Hollande, gouverneur général des Indes orientales néerlandaises en 1807. Dès son arrivée en 1808, il commença par réorganiser l'administration coloniale en créant notamment des préfectures dans les possessions hollandaises à Java et en faisant de chaque employé de l'ancienne Compagnie des Indes et de chaque prince indigène, des fonctionnaires placés sous l'autorité des préfets. Les mêmes préfets présidaient les tribunaux destinés aux Indonésiens. Pour les Européens la justice était rendue par les hautes cours de Batavia, Surabaja et Samarang. La culture connut un réel essor notamment celle du café. Le système de livraisons forcées fut généralisé et annonce Van den Bosch et le Kultuurstelsel ; mais victime du blocus anglais, la colonie ne put écouler ses produits. Cependant la mission de Daendels était avant tout militaire. Il porta l'armée de 8 000 à près de 20 000 hommes et organisa la défense de Java, ce qui allait inquiéter sérieusement les Anglais. Java fut la dernière colonie du Premier Empire et fut prise le 18 septembre 1811, quatre mois après le départ de Daendels, qui avait été remplacé par le général Janssens. La prise de Java marquait la victoire du blocus maritime sur le blocus continental mais le passage de Daendels à Java ne fut pas inutile car il y avait posé les bases d'une organisation moderne.
Blancs et libres de couleur dans deux paroisses de la Guadeloupe (Capesterre et Trois-Rivières) , 1699- 1779
Authors: Abénon Lucien-René
Published: December 2013

L'étude de la population blanche et des libres de couleur de deux paroisses du Sud-Est de la Guadeloupe, Trois- Rivière s et Capesterre, pendant la période 1699-1779, révèle que les libres de couleur sont beaucoup moins nombreux que la population d'origine européenne, qui provient en majorité du Sud-Ouest et de l'Ouest de la France. Il existe d'assez notables sociales dans cette population qui est dominée par une classe de grands propriétaires blancs. Les petits Blancs ont tendance à diminuer alors que dans l'ensemble, les libres de couleur restent stables. L'étude de la nuptialité montre que les mariages se font assez tardivement, que le veuvage est assez fréquent chez les femmes et que les mariages mixtes, pour être rares, ne sont pas absents. L'étude de la fécondité marque le élevé d'enfants par famille, les naissances restant nombreuses jusqu'à un âge avancé de la mère. Rien ne semble indiquer qu'il existe une quelconque limitation des naissances. La mortalité est plus délicate à observer à cause de l'insuffisance de la notation des décès. La mortalité infantile paraît élevée. Les causes des décès sont soit les épidémies, soit les conséquences des cyclones (raréfaction des vivres), soit surtout les guerres et les événements militaires, qui augmentent la mortalité en empêchant l'île de facilement en métropole.

Blancs et libres de couleur augmentent lentement, car si la natalité est élevée, la mortalité l'est également. D'autre part il s'agit d'une population très mobile qui a tendance à quitter l'île pour aller peupler d'autres Antilles environnantes. En conséquence, le poids démographique des Blancs et des libres de couleur sera d'autant moins affirmé dans la population que le des esclaves augmente rapidement.
Les premières automobiles sur les bords du Niger. Félix Dubois et la Compagnie des transports par du Soudan français, 1898-1913
Authors: Saint-Martin Yves J.
Published: December 2013

Félix Dubois (1862-1943), journaliste, écrivain et explorateur a été le pionnier de l'automobilisme en Afrique occidentale. Dès 1898, il a vu dans ce nouveau mode de locomotion un moyen déterminant de développement économique et de progrès humain pour le continent noir. Il avait vécu les drames du portage lors des missions Brosselard-Faidherbe (1890-91) et Cazemajou (1897), et mesuré toute l'insuffisance des communications pendant son voyage à Tombouctou (1894-95). Soutenu par le colonel de Trentinian, le « parti colonial » et la grande presse, il lance l'idée d'une compagnie de transports automobiles qui, pour commencer, prolongerait par un service régulier, le chemin de fer alors inachevé de Kayes à Bamako. Les premiers essais ont lieu à Kayes en 1898. En 1899, une société d'exploitation est créée, et obtient la concession des transports routiers et postaux. 55 automobiles et camions « De Dietrich » sont amenés à Kayes. Le 1er janvier 1900, Dubois pilote une automobile près de Bamako. Mais on avait sous-estimé les difficultés matérielles et humaines. L'inachèvement et le mauvais état des pistes, les moteurs inadaptés, l'incompétence du personnel européen et chinois, la malveillance de certains officiers, le départ de Trentinian et la fièvre jaune font échouer l'affaire. Les autorités coloniales font saisir le matériel, évacuent le personnel. De longs procès s'engagent, conclus en décembre 1913 par un arrêt du Conseil d'État défavorable à la Société. Depuis longtemps, déjà, Dubois s'est lancé dans d'autres entreprises en France, en Afrique, en Russie. L'avenir, cependant, justifiera ses prévisions d'une Afrique désenclavée par les transports routiers.