bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural state of rare earth elements in eudialyte-group minerals
Authors: Borst Anouk M. , Finch Adrian A. , Friis Henrik , Horsburgh Nicola J. , Gamaletsos Platon N. , Goettlicher Joerg , Steininger Ralph , Geraki Kalotina
Published: August 2019

Eudialyte-group minerals (EGM) attract global interest as potential resources for high-field-strength elements (e.g. Zr, Nb, Ta, and rare-earth elements), i.e. critical materials for modern technologies. They are particularly valued for their relative enrichment in the most critical lanthanides, i.e. Nd and heavy rare earth elements (Gd–Lu). However, rare earth element (REE) substitution mechanisms into the EGM structure are still poorly understood. Light and heavyREEmay occupy different sites and there may be ordering and/or defect clustering in the structure. This study uses X-ray absorption spectroscopy to determine the structural state ofREEin EGM from prospective eudialyte-bearing complexes. YttriumK-edge and NdL3-edge spectra were collected as proxies for heavy and lightREE, respectively, and compared to natural and syntheticREE-bearing standards. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure data yield best fits for Y in six-fold coordination with Y–O distances of 2.24–2.32 Å, and a second coordination sphere comprising Fe, Na, Ca, Si and O at radial distances of 3.6–3.8 Å. These findings are consistent with dominant Y3+substitution for Ca2+on the octahedralM1 site in all the samples studied, and exclude preferential substitution of Y3+onto the smaller octahedralZsite or the large low-symmetryN4 site.

Using lattice strain theory, we constructed relative partitioning models to predict site preferences of lanthanides we have not measured directly. The models predict that allREEare favoured on the Ca-dominantM1 site and that preferential partitioning of heavy over lightREEincreases in EGM containing significant Mn in theM1-octahedral rings (oneillite subgroup). Thus, the flatREEprofiles that make EGM such attractive exploration targets are not due to preferential partitioning of light and heavyREEonto different sites. Instead, local ordering of Mn- and Ca-occupiedM1 sites may influence the capacity of EGM to accommodate heavyREE.
Functional loss of Ccdc1
51 leads to hydrocephalus in a mouse model of primary ciliary dyskinesia
Authors: Chiani Francesco , Orsini Tiziana , Gambadoro Alessia , Pasquini Miriam , Putti Sabrina , Cirilli Maurizio , Ermakova Olga , Tocchini-Valentini Glauco P.
Published: August 2019

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a genetically heterogeneous disorder affecting normal structure and function of motile cilia, phenotypically manifested as chronic respiratory infections, laterality defects and infertility. Autosomal recessive mutations in genes encoding for different components of the ciliary axoneme have been associated with PCD in humans and in model organisms. The CCDC151 gene encodes for a coiled-coil axonemal protein that ensures correct attachment of outer dynein arm (ODA) complexes to microtubules. A correct arrangement of dynein arm complexes is required to provide the proper mechanical force necessary for cilia beat. Loss-of-function mutations in CCDC151 in humans leads to PCD disease with respiratory distress and defective left-right body asymmetry. In mice with the Ccdc151Snbl loss-of-function mutation (Snowball mutant), left-right body asymmetry with heart defects have been observed. Here, we demonstrate that loss of Ccdc151 gene function via targeted gene deletion in mice leads to perinatal lethality and congenital hydrocephalus. Microcomputed tomography (microCT) X-ray imaging of Ccdc151–β-galactosidase reporter expression in whole-mount brain and histological analysis show that Ccdc151 is expressed in ependymal cells lining the ventricular brain system, further confirming the role of Ccdc151 dysfunction in hydrocephalus development. Analyzing the features of hydrocephalus in the Ccdc151-knockout animals by microCT volumetric imaging, we observe continuity of the aqueduct of Sylvius, indicating the communicating nature of hydrocephalus in the Ccdc151-knockout animals. Congenital defects in left-right asymmetry and male infertility have been also observed in Ccdc151-null animals. Ccdc151 gene deletion in adult animals results in abnormal sperm counts and defective sperm motility.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the joint first authors of the paper.
epiflows: an R package for risk assessment of travel-related spread of disease
Authors: Moraga Paula , Dorigatti Ilaria , Kamvar Zhian N. , Piatkowski Pawel , Toikkanen Salla E. , Nagraj VP , Donnelly Christl A. , Jombart Thibaut
Published: August 2019

As international travel increases worldwide, new surveillance tools are needed to help identify locations where diseases are most likely to be spread and prevention measures need to be implemented. In this paper we present epiflows, an R package for risk assessment of travel-related spread of disease. epiflows produces estimates of the expected number of symptomatic and/or asymptomatic infections that could be introduced to other locations from the source of infection. Estimates (average and confidence intervals) of the number of infections introduced elsewhere are obtained by integrating data on the cumulative number of cases reported, population movement, length of stay and information on the distributions of the incubation and infectious periods of the disease. The package also provides tools for geocoding and visualization. We illustrate the use of epiflows by assessing the risk of travel-related spread of yellow fever cases in Southeast Brazil in December 2016 to May 2017.
The FRAXA and FRAXE allele repeat size of boys from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC)
Authors: Clark Rosie , Gregory Steven , Ring Susan , Jacobs Patricia , Ennis Sarah , Murray Anna , Ellis Genette , Golding Jean , Northstone Kate , Pembrey Marcus
Published: August 2019

The FRAXA and FRAXE alleles of the FMR1 and FMR2 genes located on the X chromosome contain varying numbers of trinucleotide repeats. Large numbers of repeats at FRAXA (full mutations) manifest as Fragile X syndrome, associated with mental impairment that affects males more severely. In this paper, we present the dataset of frequencies of FRAXA and FRAXE repeat size extracted from DNA samples collected from boys enrolled in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). DNA data were extracted from samples collected in ALSPAC clinics from several types of samples: cord blood, venepuncture blood taken at 43 months, 61 months, seven years or nine years. The DNA was amplified at FRAXA and FRAXE using fluorescent PCR in the Wessex Regional Genetics Laboratory, Salisbury District Hospital. The mean repeat size for FRAXA is 28.92 (S.D. 5.44), the median 30 and the range 8 to 68. There were particularly high numbers of boys with repeat sizes of 20 (10.67%) and 23 (7.35%). The mean repeat size for FRAXE is 17.41 (S.D. 3.94), with median of 16 and range of 0 to 61. There is a relatively high degree of variation of the FRAXA repeat size particularly and we suggest the extensive data available from the ALSPAC study opens up areas of research into understanding phenotypes associated with relatively unexplored repeat sizes. This could be particularly interesting for the lower repeat sizes occurring with high frequency at FRAXA in this population. As the data can be linked to exposures and phenotypes, it will provide a resource for researchers worldwide.
Submodular Maximization Through the Lens of Linear Programming
Authors: Bruggmann Simon , Zenklusen Rico
Published: August 2019

The simplex algorithm for linear programming is based on the fact that any local optimum with respect to the polyhedral neighborhood is also a global optimum. We show that a similar result carries over to submodular maximization. In particular, every local optimum of a constrained monotone submodular maximization problem yields a 1/2-approximation, and we also present an appropriate extension to the nonmonotone setting. Moreover, we describe a very general local search procedure that applies to a wide range of constraint families and unifies as well as extends previous methods. In our framework, we match known approximation guarantees while disentangling and simplifying previous approaches. Moreover, despite its generality, we are able to show that our local search procedure is slightly faster than previous specialized methods. Furthermore, we negatively answer the open question whether a linear optimization oracle may be enough to obtain strong approximation algorithms for submodular maximization. We do this by providing an example of a constraint family on a ground set of size n for which, if only given a linear optimization oracle, any algorithm for submodular maximization with a polynomial number of calls to the linear optimization oracle has an approximation ratio of only [Formula: see text].
Outcome of single-stage versus two-stage exchange for revision knee arthroplasty for chronic periprosthetic infection
Authors: Pangaud Corentin , Ollivier Matthieu , Argenson Jean-Noël
Published: August 2019

The gold standard for treating chronic periprosthetic joint infection is still considered to be double-stage exchange revision. The purpose of this review is to analyse the difference in terms of eradication rates and functional outcome after single- and double-stage prosthetic exchange for chronic periprosthetic joint infection around the knee. We reviewed full text articles written in English from 1992 to 2018 reporting the success rates and functional outcomes of either single-stage exchange or double-stage exchange for knee arthroplasty revision performed for chronic infection. In the case of double-stage exchange, particular attention was paid to the type of spacer: articulating or static. In all, 32 articles were analysed: 14 articles for single-stage including 687 patients and 18 articles for double-stage including 1086 patients. The average eradication rate was 87.1% for the one-stage procedure and 84.8% for the two-stage procedure. The functional outcomes were similar in both groups: the average Knee Society Knee Score was 80.0 in the single-stage exchange group and 77.8 in the double-stage exchange. The average range of motion was 91.4° in the single-stage exchange group and 97.8° in the double-stage exchange group. Single-stage exchange appears to be a viable alternative to two -stage exchange in cases of chronic periprosthetic joint infection around the knee, provided there are no contra-indications, producing similar results in terms of eradication rates and functional outcomes, and offering the advantage of a unique surgical procedure, lower morbidity and reduced costs.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2019;4:495-502. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.4.190003
Cytidine Diphosphate-Ribitol Analysis for Diagnostics and Treatment Monitoring of Cytidine Diphosphate-l-Ribitol Pyrophosphorylase A Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: van Tol Walinka , van Scherpenzeel Monique , Alsady Mohammad , Riemersma Moniek , Hermans Esther , Kragt Else , Tasca Giorgio , Kamsteeg Erik-Jan , Pennings Maartje , van Beusekom Ellen , Vermeulen Jeroen R , van Bokhoven Hans , Voermans Nicol C , Willemsen Michèl A , Ashikov Angel , Lefeber Dirk J
Published: August 2019

BACKGROUND

Many muscular dystrophies currently remain untreatable. Recently, dietary ribitol has been suggested as a treatment for cytidine diphosphate (CDP)-l-ribitol pyrophosphorylase A (CRPPA, ISPD), fukutin (FKTN), and fukutin-related protein (FKRP) myopathy, by raising CDP-ribitol concentrations. Thus, to facilitate fast diagnosis, treatment development, and treatment monitoring, sensitive detection of CDP-ribitol is required.

METHODS

An LC-MS method was optimized for CDP-ribitol in human and mice cells and tissues.

RESULTS

CDP-ribitol, the product of CRPPA, was detected in all major human and mouse tissues. Moreover, CDP-ribitol concentrations were reduced in fibroblasts and skeletal muscle biopsies from patients with CRPPA myopathy, showing that CDP-ribitol could serve as a diagnostic marker to identify patients with CRPPA with severe Walker–Warburg syndrome and mild limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) phenotypes. A screen for potentially therapeutic monosaccharides revealed that ribose, in addition to ribitol, restored CDP-ribitol concentrations and the associated O-glycosylation defect of α-dystroglycan. As the effect occurred in a mutation-dependent manner, we established a CDP-ribitol blood test to facilitate diagnosis and predict individualized treatment response. Ex vivo incubation of blood cells with ribose or ribitol restored CDP-ribitol concentrations in a patient with CRPPA LGMD.

CONCLUSIONS

Sensitive detection of CDP-ribitol with LC-MS allows fast diagnosis of patients with severe and mild CRPPA myopathy. Ribose offers a readily testable dietary therapy for CRPPA myopathy, with possible applicability for patients with FKRP and FKTN myopathy. Evaluation of CDP-ribitol in blood is a promising tool for the evaluation and monitoring of dietary therapies for CRPPA myopathy in a patient-specific manner.
Egyházi iskolák és oktatási szegregáció – előszó
Authors: Fejes József Balázs , Szűcs Norbert
Published: August 2019

2018-ban jelent meg szerkesztésünkben egy, a hazai szegregáció jelenkori folyamatairól átfogó képet kínáló tanulmánykötet (Fejes és Szűcs, 2018b), amelyhez az oktatási szegregációval foglalkozó hazai kutatók és aktivisták egy jelentős részét sikerült szerzőként megnyernünk egy-egy fejezet megírására. A munka egyik nóvuma az egyházi iskolák által gerjesztett szegregáció jelenségének a korábbiaknál részletesebb, több szempont szerinti bemutatása volt. A kötet címe – Én vétkem – többek között erre, az egyházi iskolák szegregációban betöltött erősödő szerepére is utal. A jelen lapszámban megjelenő négy tanulmány e megkezdett munka folytatásaként értelmezhető. Már a kötet megjelenése előtt kiderült, hogy a szerzők egy része további kutatásokkal mélyül el az egyházi iskolákhoz kötődő szegregáció feltárásában. E lapszám ezeket az írásokat gyűjti csokorba.
PENAZAMAN HADIS TENTANG AL-QUR’AN (Kajian Kitab al-Masabih an-Nuraniyyah fi al-Ahadis al-Qur’aniyyah Karya KH Abdullah Umar)
Authors: Baidowi Ahmad
Published: August 2019

; ">This article is trying to dwell upon a subject about an Indonesian opuswhich could be categorized into Koranic and Hadith Studies, that is alMaṣābiḥ al-Nūrāniyah f Naẓm al-Aḥādīs al-Qur’āniyyah, by K.H. AbdullahUmar al-Hafiz (1929-2001). He were a well-known muslim scholar inKoranic Studies particularly for Islamic Boarding School communities inSemarang. His effort in helping forward the education on Koranic studieswere recognized in several regions in Indonesia as well as to the nearestneighboring countries. Al-Maṣābiḥ al-Nūrāniyah f Naẓm al-Aḥādīs alQur’āniyyah is unique, it comprises with poems of Prophet Muhammad’shadiths that consist of all objects about Koran especially related to theposition of Koran, the virtues of memorizing, and reading it. There are53 palindromes of poem, each of 2 poems are a prelude which consist ofapprobation to Allah and invocation to the Prophet. While the rest of thebook is the chapter “Fad} a>’il al-Qur’a>n“ (The virtues of Koran) amountingabout 51 poem palindromes. Each of them is translated row by row andwas used for a traditional translating in traditional Islamic boardingschools. The purpose of this practice is to get a language learning, eithernahwu, saraf or vocabularies mastering.
Studi Kritis atas Qur’an: A Reformist Translation
Authors: Lukman Fadhli
Published: August 2019

change-newline"> One of some translation works on the Qur’an appears to be eccentric concidering that it reveals some important revisions to traditionaltranslation. This translation is written by Edip Yuksel, Layth Salehal-Shaiban, dan Martha Schulte-Nafeh entittled Qur’an: A ReformistTranslation. This article attempts to question the view of the writers ofQur’an: A Reformist Translation on historicity related to the Qur’an,framed with hermeneutical theory of Gadamer. The article ends to someconclussions that on their view, the Qur’an is a self-suffiient scripture, andtherefore one has no need to seek the extra-Qur’anic aspect. Eventhoughthe writers deny the importance of historicity of the Qur’an, they indeeddepend on the contemporary history which triggers their will to translatethe Qur’an. As they deny the horizons of the text and rely on their owncontemporary horizons, their approach then belongs to subjectivisthermeneutics.
Kriteria Memilih Pasangan Hidup (Kajian Hermeneutika Hadis)
Authors: Najwah Nurun
Published: August 2019

a saki>nah mawaddah wa rah}mah family is the hope of all married couples. In reality, the rising divorce rate in Indonesia, particularly as recorded by Religious Court, is alarming and thus needs to be studied. There are two main factors that determine the successful marriage: choosing the right spouse-to-be (pre-wedding) and maintaining a good marital relationship (post-wedding). The question to be studied in this article is how the interpretation of hadiths containing teachings on maintaining a good marital relationship using hermeneutics can guarantee its wellbeing.Keywords: Characteristics of the, spouses, saki> nah
Perawi Non-Sunnnnī dalam S}ah}īh} Al-Bukhārī (Menemukan Nilai-nilai Toleransi dalam Ketatnya Kajian tentang Hadis Nabi)
Authors: Miski Miski
Published: August 2019

S}ah}i>h} al-Bukha>ri> is a masterpiece in hadith’s field that known as the most authentic among others (beside Koran). There are some reasons for the extraordinary. One of them is the tight of the author (al-Bukhārī) on sorting out the sanads between him and the other narrators (ruwāh) who are related to the Prophet. However, it can’t be denied that apparently, some of the narrators follow the different sect (Shiah etc.) with the sect that al-Bukhārī do (Sunnī). Therefore, it can be understood that there are still some tolerance on the tight of his study for hadith. If we deepen, it can be concluded that this tolerance basically could be applied in the early context, that is in the plural life- the awareness of plurality, the field separation (secred and profane) and credibelity of each person.Keywords: Nilai-nilai Toleransi, Non-Sunnī, S}ah}i>h} al-Bukhārī.
تفسير الشيخ توان سؤوانساس "القرآن ترجمة وتفسير باللغة التايلاندية" وتأثيره على مفهوم الجهاد عند مجلس شيخ الإسلام فى تايلاند
Authors: Marasa Arid
Published: August 2019

حاول هذا البحث التعرف عن منهجية التفسير للشيخ توان سؤوانساس فى تفسيره القرآنترجمة وتفسير باللغة التايلاندية، ومدى تأثيره على مجلس شيخ الإسلام حول قضية الجهاد. هذاالبحث مهم للتعرف على ارتباط هذا التفسير بمجلس شيخ الإسلام. وكشف هذا البحث أنتفسير توان سؤوانساس يحتوى على اتجاهين فى التفسير وهما اتجاه التفسير بالرواية واتجاه التفسيربالرأي، وأن أفكار الشيخ توان سؤواساس حول قضية الجهاد فى هذا التفسير قد تؤثر كثيرا علىمفهوم الجهاد عند مجلس شيخ الإسلام. واستخلص هذا البحث فى النهاية أنه لا يجوز الجهادالقتالى باستعمال الأسلحة فى هذا البلد، لأن من شروط جواز الجهاد المسلح هو منع إظهار شعارالإسلام أو أمر بترك الشهادة، وبالنظر فى المجتمع التايلاندى الآن كل هذا لا يقع حيث يعطىالقانون التايلاندى لمعتنقى كل الديانات حرية فى الاعتقاد والعبادة، فلا يُمنع المسلمون من.الاعتقاد بالمعتقدات الإسلامية ولا يمنع العبادة والعمل بما شرع به دينهالكلمات المفتاحية: تفسير توان سؤوانساس، مفهوم الجهاد، مجلس شيخ الإسلام، الخلاف فى.جنوب تايلاند
IMPLEMENTATION OF LEGAL PROTECTION BY THE GOVERNMENT IN ORDER TO EMPOWERMENT OF MICRO SMALL MEDIUM ENTERPRISE TO REALIZE THE JUSTICE ECONOMY (Research Study: The Office of Cooperative and Micro Small and Medium Enterprise Province of Central Java)
Authors: Wahyuni Raden Ani Eko , Hartono Darminto
Published: August 2019

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises try to grow and develop their business in order to build a national economy based on equitable economic democracy. The position of MSMEs is very important in economic development It is very important to do protection. Protection of MSMEs is assistance and support made by the government towards MSMEs. Protection in legal action, assistance in the production process to marketing and support in terms of capital. There is a debate that is found is how to issue law by the government in empowering MSMEs to realize equitable economic prosperity.The research in this paper used a normative juridical research method. The approach used in this study is socio legal approach which the law is conceptualized as a set of regulation that is valid in the society and the validity will be affected by other factors.This study intends to measure the extent of the role of the government and what efforts are being made especially by regional governments, in this case the Central Java Provincial Office of Cooperatives and SMEs in implementing legal protection in empowering MSMEs to realize economic welfare.Keywords: MSMEs, Legal Protection, Economic Welfare.
Performance of a web-based application measuring spot quality in dried blood spot sampling
Authors: Veenhof Herman , Koster Remco A. , Brinkman Randy , Senturk Enes , Bakker Stephan J.L. , Berger Stefan P. , Akkerman Onno W. , Touw Daan J. , Alffenaar Jan-Willem C.
Published: August 2019

Background

The dried blood spot (DBS) method allows patients and researchers to collect blood on a sampling card using a skin-prick. An important issue in the application of DBSs is that samples for therapeutic drug monitoring are frequently rejected because of poor spot quality, leading to delayed monitoring or missing data. We describe the development and performance of a web-based application (app), accessible on smartphones, tablets or desktops, capable of assessing DBS quality at the time of sampling by means of analyzing a picture of the DBS.

Methods

The performance of the app was compared to the judgment of experienced laboratory technicians for samples obtained in a trained and untrained setting. A robustness- and user test were performed.

Results

In a trained setting the app yielded an adequate decision in 90.0% of the cases with 4.1% false negatives (insufficient quality DBSs incorrectly not rejected) and 5.9% false positives (sufficient quality DBSs incorrectly rejected). In an untrained setting this was 87.4% with 5.5% false negatives and 7.1% false positives. A patient user test resulted in a system usability score of 74 out of 100 with a median time of 1 min and 45 s to use the app. Robustness testing showed a repeatability of 84%. Using the app in a trained and untrained setting improves the amount of sufficient quality samples from 80% to 95.9% and 42.2% to 87.9%, respectively.

Conclusions

The app can be used in trained and untrained setting to decrease the amount of insufficient quality DBS samples.
A Comparative Study on Johnson–Cook, Modified Johnson–Cook, Modified Zerilli–Armstrong and Arrhenius-Type Constitutive Models to Predict Hot Deformation Behavior of TA2
Authors: Zhang Bing , Shang Xiaodi , Yao Su , Wang Qiuyu , Zhang Zhijuan , Yang Xiaokang , Cai Jun , Wang Kuaishe
Published: August 2019

The true strain data and true stress data are obtained from the isothermal compression tests under a wide range of strain rates (0.1–20 s−1) and temperatures (933–1,133 K) over the Gleeble-3500 thermomechanical simulator. The data are employed to generate the constitutive equations according to four constitutive models, respectively, the strain-compensated Arrhenius-type model, the modified Zerilli–Armstrong (ZA) model, the modified Johnson–Cook (JC) model and the JC model. In the meanwhile, a comparative research was made over the capacities of these four models and hence to represent the elevated temperature flow behavior of TA2. Besides, a comparison of the accuracy of the predictions of average absolute relative error, correlation coefficient (R) and the deformation behavior was made to test the sustainability level of these four models. It is shown from these results that the JC model is not suitable for the description of flow behavior of TA2 alloy in α+β phase domain, while the predicted values of modified JC model, modified ZA model and the strain-compensated Arrhenius-type model could be consistent well with the experimental values except under some deformation conditions. Moreover, the strain-compensated Arrhenius-type model can be also used to track the deformation behavior more precisely in comparison with other models.
The dialect of São João da Chapada: Possible remains of a mining language in Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: Álvarez López Laura
Published: August 2019

This article focuses on the analysis of a specific vocabulary, possibly the remains of a mining language spoken by descendants of Africans. It analyzes 149 lexical items that were registered in the 1920s in a rural region of Minas Gerais, near the city of Diamantina. Based on earlier historical and linguistic studies, as well as on dictionaries of relevant African languages, the lexical study aims to analyze 149 words and expressions in order to verify the etymologies, and determine whether they fit the demographic data available on the origins of the slave population in this area. The second aim is to analyze the distribution of the lexical items in different semantic domains and word classes and compare the observed tendencies, as well as other linguistic characteristics and social functions, with other mining languages and/or similar Afro-Brazilian and Afro-European varieties. The results indicate that Umbundu maintained a high status in the area, and that this variety was not limited to mining activities, but was probably used in everyday life as a secret code that was part of the strategies of resistance among slaves.
Crystal structure of (4aR,6aR,6bR,10S,12aR)-10-acetoxy-1,2,3,4, 4a,5,6,6a,6b,7,8,8a,9,10,11,12,12a, 12b,13,14b-icosahydro-2,2,4a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethylpicene-6a-carboxylic acid, C32H50O4
Authors: He Kang , Wu Tian-Tai , Shen Lin-Yan , Fan Lin-Lin , Ye Jiang-Hai , Zou Juan
Published: August 2019

C32H50O4, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 14.090(3) Å, b = 15.642(3) Å, c = 25.956(6) Å, V = 5721(2) Å3, Z = 8, Rgt
(F) = 0.0679, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1764, T = 250(2) K.
David Lincicum: A Previously Unknown Letter from H. E. G. Paulus to Karl Joseph Hieronymus Windischmann (13 February 1804)
Authors: Lincicum David
Published: August 2019

This edition presents a letter from Heinrich Eberhard Gottlob Paulus to Karl Joseph Hieronymus Windischmann, dated 13 February 1804, in which Paulus thanks Windischmann for his translation of Plato, discuses philosophy, and mentions the pending appointment of Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher.
Oxygen Uptake of Wave Surfers and Complementary Parameters in Front Crawl and Surfing-Paddling Tests
Authors: Godoy Daniel F. , Cadore Eduardo L. , Feitosa Wellington G. , Correia Ricardo de A. , Castro Flávio A. de S.
Published: August 2019

Godoy, DF, Cadore, EL, Feitosa, WG, Correia, RdA, and Castro, FAdS. Oxygen uptake of wave surfers and complementary parameters in front crawl and surfing-paddling tests. J Strength Cond Res 35(9): 2645–2650, 2021—The aim of this study was to assess the reliability of the oxygen uptake and complementary parameters (heart rate [HR], blood lactate concentration, and rate of perceived exertion [RPE]) obtained from surfers swimming and paddling in a swimming pool. Fourteen recreational male surfers (37.7 ± 4.7 years old) were evaluated in (a) a maximal 300-m front crawl test and (b) paddling in a surfboard test, both at the same intensity and for the same duration. Peak oxygen uptake (V̇o
2peak) during the tests (direct method), HR, blood lactate concentration (LA), and RPE were assessed. Two-way analysis of variance, a simple Student t test, effect size calculation, intraclass correlation coefficient, and limits of agreement were applied. In general, the tests presented similar results (except for HR), with low agreement, high intraclass correlation, and average to large effect sizes between swimming and paddling. The results suggest that surfers training in a swimming pool should not simply be swimming. Front crawl swimming and surf paddling are 2 distinct actions that should be practiced and tested on their own merits rather than assumed to be interchangeable.
Development and Assessment of a Seepage-Induced Consolidation Test Apparatus
Authors: Tian Zhengguang , Bareither Christopher A. , Scalia Joseph
Published: August 2019

The design, construction, and evaluation of a seepage-induced consolidation test (SICT) apparatus is described. Three materials were used in this study to encompass a range of compressibility: pure kaolin clay (kaolin), kaolin clay mixed with silica flour (silty clay), and silica flour mixed with fine sand (sandy silt). Consolidation experiments were conducted on each material in the SICT apparatus and conventional oedometer test to evaluate the ability of the experiments to measure consolidation. Consolidation behavior was characterized by void ratio versus effective stress, e-σ′, and hydraulic conductivity versus void ratio, k-e, constitutive relationships. Repeatability tests conducted on kaolin in the SICT yielded nearly identical e-σ′ and k-e relationships; oedometer results were also comparable. Constitutive relationships (e-σ′ and k-e) determined on 12 unique sets of seepage and loading pairs for kaolin were comparable to the composite e-σ′ and k-e models, which supports recommendations that a single seepage rate and single applied load can be used to determine e-σ′ and k-e relationships via the SICT. Compressibility was lower for the silty clay compared to pure kaolin because of the addition of 60 % silt; however, the range of hydraulic conductivity was nearly identical between the two materials and controlled by the kaolin. Hydraulic conductivity measured on the sandy silt in the SICT and computed from oedometer data via small-strain theory were nearly identical, which was attributed to lower compressibility that rendered small-strain theory more reasonable for oedometer data.
Inhibition of FGF Receptor-1 Suppresses Alcohol Consumption: Role of PI3 Kinase Signaling in Dorsomedial Striatum
Authors: Even-Chen Oren , Barak Segev
Published: August 2019

Excessive alcohol intake leads to mesostriatal neuroadaptations, and to addiction phenotypes. We recently found in rodents that alcohol increases fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) expression in the dorsomedial striatum (DMS), which promotes alcohol consumption. Here, we show that systemic or intra-DMS blockade of the FGF2 receptor, FGF receptor-1 (FGFR1), suppresses alcohol consumption, and that the effects of FGF2-FGFR1 on alcohol drinking are mediated via the phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway. Specifically, we found that sub-chronic alcohol treatment (7 d × 2.5 g/kg, i.p.) increasedFgfr1mRNA expression in the dorsal hippocampus and dorsal striatum. However, prolonged and excessive voluntary alcohol consumption in a two-bottle choice procedure increasedFgfr1expression selectively in DMS. Importantly, systemic administration of the FGFR1 inhibitor PD173074 to mice, as well as its infusion into the DMS of rats, decreased alcohol consumption and preference, with no effects on natural reward consumption. Finally, inhibition of the PI3K, but not of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, blocked the effects of FGF2 on alcohol intake and preference. Our results suggest that activation of FGFR1 by FGF2 in the DMS leads to activation of the PI3K signaling pathway, which promotes excessive alcohol consumption, and that inhibition of FGFR1 may provide a novel therapeutic target for alcohol use disorder.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTLong-term alcohol consumption causes neuroadaptations in the mesostriatal reward system, leading to addiction-related behaviors. We recently showed that alcohol upregulates the expression of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) in dorsomedial striatum (DMS) or rats and mice, and in turn, FGF2 increases alcohol consumption. Here, we show that long-term alcohol intake also increases the expression of the FGF2 receptor, FGFR1 in the DMS. Importantly, inhibition of FGFR1 activity by a selective receptor antagonist reduces alcohol drinking, when given systemically or directly into the DMS. We further show that the effects of FGF2-FGFR1 on alcohol drinking are mediated via activation of the PI3K intracellular signaling pathway, providing an insight on the mechanism for this effect.
Pembuatan dan Karakterisasi Keramik Magnet BaFe12O19 dengan Variasi Waktu Milling dan Temperatur Sintering
Authors: Salam Syaiful Izzuddin , Sanjaya Edi , Muljadi Muljadi
Published: August 2019

In this study, we made ceramic magnet of barium hexaferrite (BaFe12O19) with variation of milling time and sintering temperature by powder metallurgy method. First, barium hexaferrite powder mashed with a rotary ball mill. Milling is done with medium of water (wet milling) for 4 hours and 12 hours. Then, the sample is dried for 24 hours and printed with a load of 8 tons for 1 minute. Then, the pellet-shaped sample sintered at a temperature of 1100 °C and 1200 °C with a holding time of 1 hour. The density and porosity measurements were carried out using the Archimedes Method, phase analysis with XRD, and magnetic flux density using gaussmeter. The highest density were found in samples that were milled for 12 hours and sintered at the temperature of 1200 °C ie 4.495 gr/cm3. In that sample also obtained the lowest porosity  0.89%. From XRD analysis, we knew that hematite (Fe2O3) was found as impurity phase. From gaussmeter, the samples with the highest magnetic flux density were found in samples that were milled for 4 hours and sintered at a temperature of 1200 °C ie 410.3 G.
Coconstructing in Conversations Using a Communication Book
Authors: Savolainen Irina , Klippi Anu , Launonen Kaisa
Published: August 2019

This study describes the multiple coconstruction process of aided utterances that occur when non-speaking people use a communication book in their everyday conversations. Previous studies have reported that coconstruction is present both in the progress of pointing-voicing pairs and in the negotiation of meanings. Adopting the concepts and the tools of multimodal conversation analysis, this study demonstrates how two non-speaking boys and their speech and language therapists utilized simultaneously six interactional resources that were interwoven in different multimodal practices during their coconstruction of aided utterances. The observations elicited by microanalysis provide an insight into the temporal, co-operative and progressive nature of conversations that are constructed with a communication book. The findings of this study are helpful for professionals in assessing and scaffolding aided communicators during their conversations with their significant communicative partners.
Seizure during Graves' disease
Authors: Vergely Nathalie , Garnier Pierre , Guy Claire , Khalfallah Yadh , Estour Bruno
Published: August 2019

Occurrence of seizure during Graves' disease is very rare. According to Lin et al. (1992), only 13 cases were published between 1956 and 1992. Since then, four other cases have been published, resulting in a total of 17 papers in 40 years (Li et al. 2000, Lee et al. 1997, Radetti et al. 1993). We report, in this paper, the case of a young girl treated for recurrent Graves' disease who presented a generalized seizure.
Atypical glycine encephalopathy in an extremely low birth weight infant: description of a new mutation and clinical and electroencephalographic analysis
Authors: Pardal‐Fernández José Manuel , Carrascosa‐Romero María Carmen , Vega Carlos de Cabo‐de la , Iniesta‐López Ivan , Gil‐Pons Esther , Martínez‐Gutiérrez Andrés
Published: August 2019

We present the clinical course and EEG evolution of an extreme low birth weight preterm neonate with an uncommon type of glycine encephalopathy. The patient presented with myoclonic jerks, apnea and encephalopathy three months after birth without satisfactory therapeutic response. During the first days of clinical symptoms the patient presented a paroxystic burst‐attenuation EEG pattern which progressively evolved into an established typical burst‐suppression pattern within a few days. West syndrome occurred four weeks later and the patient died at seven months of extra‐uterine life due to a serious respiratory infection with cardio‐respiratory arrest. Genetic analysis showed a nonpreviously described mutation affecting a consensus splice site (IVS2‐1G > C 3) in the AMT gene encoding the T protein of the glycine cleavage system.
Frequency and spatial characteristics of high‐frequency neuromagnetic signals in childhood epilepsy
Authors: Xiang Jing , Liu Yang , Wang Yingying , Kirtman Elijah G. , Kotecha Rupesh , Chen Yangmei , Huo Xiaolin , Fujiwara Hisako , Hemasilpin Nat , Lee Ki , Mangano Francesco T. , Leach James , Jones Blaise , DeGrauw Ton , Rose Douglas
Published: August 2019

Purpose. Invasive intracranial recordings have suggested that high‐frequency oscillation is involved in epileptogenesis and is highly localized to epileptogenic zones. The aim of the present study is to characterize the frequency and spatial patterns of high‐frequency brain signals in childhood epilepsy using a non‐invasive technology. Methods. Thirty children with clinically diagnosed epilepsy were studied using a whole head magnetoen‐cephalography (MEG) system. MEG data were digitized at 4 000 Hz. The frequency and spatial characteristics of high‐frequency neuromagnetic signals were analyzed using continuous wavelet transform and beamformer. Three‐dimensional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was obtained for each patient to localize magnetic sources. Results. Twenty‐six patients showed high‐frequency (100‐1 000 Hz) components (26/30, 86%). Nineteen patients showed more than one high‐frequency component (19/30, 63%). The frequency range of high‐frequency components varied across patients. The highest frequency band was identified around 910 Hz. The loci of high‐frequency epileptic activities were concordant with the lesions identified by magnetic resonance imaging for 21 patients (21/30, 70%). The MEG source localizations of high‐frequency components were found to be concordant with intracranial recordings for nine of the eleven patients who underwent epilepsy surgery (9/11, 82%). Conclusion. The results have demonstrated that childhood epilepsy was associated with high‐frequency epileptic activity in a wide frequency range. The concordance of MEG source localization, MRI and intracranial recordings suggests that measurement of high‐frequency neuromagnetic signals might provide a novel approach for clinical management of childhood epilepsy.
Imaging of malformations of cortical development
Authors: Colombo Nadia , Salamon Noriko , Raybaud Charles , Özkara Çigdem , Barkovich A. James
Published: August 2019

Malformations of cortical development (MCD) include a broad range of disorders that result from disruption of the major steps of cortical development: cell proliferation in germinal zones, neuronal migration and cortical organization. With the improvement and increased utilization of modern imaging techniques, MCD have been increasingly recognized as a major cause of seizure disorders. The advent of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), in particular, has revolutionized the investigation and the treatment of patients with epilepsy. High‐resolution MRI may elucidate the type, the extension and the localization of MCD; therefore, in a group of patients suffering from drug‐resistant partial epilepsy (DRPE), MRI greatly contributes to the identification of subjects who are suitable for surgical treatment. In the recent past, many efforts were addressed to establish the MRI diagnostic criteria for a peculiar group of MCD, namely focal cortical dysplasias (FCD), histopathologically distinguished as types I and II. Some subtle FCD, which were previously cryptic to imaging investigation, can now be recognized by MRI, however their detection and specification remains challenging. This review will re‐visit the neuroimaging findings, including structural MRI, PET, co‐registered PET/MRI, MEG and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of FCD types I and II. Three major issues will be discussed: 1) the morphological MRI features of the FCDs, 2) the utility of PET and MEG and the use of co‐registration methods and 3) diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) as a future modality of investigation, which may add additional informations regarding the microstructure of the grey matter (GM) and white matter (WM) in cortical dysplasia.
Panayiotopoulos syndrome with coincidental brain lesions
Authors: Yalçın A. Destina , Toydemir Hülya Ertaşoğlu , Çelebi Lale Gündoğdu , Forta Hulki
Published: August 2019

Purpose

To describe the clinical and electroencephalographic features of three patients diagnosed with Panayiotopoulos syndrome with different lesions identified by cranial MRI investigation.

Methods

Our study was based on patients from the Epilepsy Outpatient Clinic of Şişli Etfal Education Hospital in Istanbul, where a prospective study of Panayiotopoulos syndrome was initiated in 1995. Records of our Epilepsy Outpatient Clinic revealed 53 patients with Panayiotopoulos syndrome. Among them were three with cranial lesions identified by MRI.

Results

The onset of the seizures in our patients ranged between five and eight years. The seizures included mainly autonomic symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, pallor, mydriasis, urinary and fecal incontinence, and rarely hypersalivation. Autonomic partial status was detected in one patient. The personal history of our patients revealed head trauma in two and difficult birth history in one patient. Two patients described simple febrile seizures. All patients had occipital spike or spike‐wave complexes in their EEGs. The background activity was normal. From the cranial MRI, one patient had a neuroepithelial cyst, the second patient had a right occipital encephalomalasic lesion and the third patient had an arachnoid cyst located in the cisterna magna associated with colpocephaly. Seizure frequency was low in general. All patients except for one received carbamazepine treatment 450‐600 mg/day. None of our patients had seizures under antiepileptic treatment.

Conclusions

Children with Panayiotopoulos syndrome may have static MRI brain findings which are likely to be coincidental and do not affect prognosis.
Hypothalamic hamartoma causing gelastic seizures treated with stereotactic radiofrequency thermocoagulation
Authors: Wang Wei , Wang Weimin , Guo Xiaofei , Zeng Yanjun , Jiang Xiaodan
Published: August 2019

Purpose

To present a case of small hypothalamic hamartoma (HH) causing gelastic seizures and treated with stereotactic radiofrequency thermocoagulation.

Case report

A 22‐year‐old man presented with intractable gelastic seizures and focal seizures refractory to medical treatment. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a 6 mm × 6 mm × 7 mm sessile intraventricular HH. Under local anesthesia, four intra‐hamartoma lesions were made via stereotactic radiofrequency thermocoagulation using a depth electrode for recording and stimulation.

Results

Transient central hyperthermia, hypertension, and tachycardia were observed during the coagulation procedure. Intra‐hamartoma spikes and slow waves were identified on depth electrode recordings. No gelastic seizure was induced by deep stimulation. The patient was seizure‐free during the 12‐month follow up and no permanent surgical complications occurred.

Conclusion

Stereotactic radiofrequency thermocoagulation may be an effective and safe treatment option in selected cases of hypothalamic hamartoma with gelastic seizures.
Paroxysmal episodes, “re‐build up” phenomenon and moyamoya disease
Authors: Dlamini Nomazulu , Goyal Sushma , Jarosz Jozef , Hampton Timothy , Siddiqui Ata , Hughes Elaine
Published: August 2019

Moyamoya disease is an idiopathic cerebral vasculopathy, which may be progressive or non‐progressive. Non‐idiopathic forms with an associated disease are called moyamoya‐like syndrome. The electroencephalographic finding characteristically seen after hyperventilation in about 50% of children with cerebrovascular disease includes gradual frequency decrease and activation of amplitude of slow waves which appear after the disappearance or attenuation of ordinary build up. This is termed the “re‐build up” phenomenon, which is rarely seen and therefore may be under‐recognized. We present video telemetry during a transient ischaemic event of a child subsequently diagnosed with moyamoya‐like syndrome. We highlight the potential for misdiagnosis of organic non‐epileptic events. Hyperventilation during EEG should be avoided in children with known moyamoya disease. [Published with video sequences]
Temporal lobe epilepsy: neuropathological and clinical correlations in 243 surgically treated patients
Authors: Tassi Laura , Meroni Alessandra , Deleo Francesco , Villani Flavio , Mai Roberto , Russo Giorgio Lo , Colombo Nadia , Avanzini Giuliano , Falcone Chiara , Bramerio Manuela , Citterio Alberto , Garbelli Rita , Spreafico Roberto
Published: August 2019

The present study included analysis of data from 243 patients surgically treated for Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE). Resection was confined to the temporal lobe, with at least two years of follow‐up, and specimens sufficiently preserved to allow a precise evaluation of both lateral neocortex and hippocampus. The frequency of different types of lesion and hippocampal sclerosis (HS), isolated or associated with neocortical lesions, risk factors and surgical outcomes in relation to neuropathological findings were evaluated. We found tumours in 33% of patients, malformations of cortical development (MCD) in 45%, isolated HS in 14%, no lesion in 5% and less common lesions in 3%. HS was present in 8% of tumour cases and 70% of MCD. Statistical analysis of antecedents was significantly associated only with febrile seizures (FS). In MCD patients with no history of FS, a strong association between HS and duration of epilepsy was revealed. A Class I outcome was identified in 87% of cases with tumours and 79% in cases with MCD. In 93 patients the anti‐epileptic drug therapy was withdrawn. Our findings show that MCD, which is significantly associated with HS, is the most common lesion in TLE and support the concept that an optimal outcome is obtained when mesial and neocortical structures are removed. FS are particularly relevant in patients with focal cortical dysplasia and HS.
Partial seizures with affective semiology versus pavor nocturnus
Authors: Cornaggia Cesare Maria , Beghi Massimiliano , Giovannini Simona , Boni Antonella , Gobbi Giuseppe
Published: August 2019

Sudden nocturnal events with an affective semiology may have various etiologies, such as nocturnal panic attacks, nightmares, pavor nocturnus and/or different types of focal epileptic seizures, particularly in children. We describe the case of a normally developed boy who, at the age of two years, experienced nocturnal paroxysmal events that occurred about one hour after falling asleep and lasted up to 15 minutes. The clinical picture was characterized by sudden arousal, fear, inconsolable crying and an apparently voluntary search for his mother. The state of consciousness was basically maintained, and the inter‐ictal EEG pattern showed independent bilateral centro‐temporal spikes and spike‐and‐wave complexes. The child had a family history of benign partial epilepsy of childhood with rolandic spikes, and the paroxysmal events remitted after valproic acid treatment. This case report highlights the difficulties in the differential diagnosis of panic attacks, nightmares, pavor nocturnus and focal nocturnal epileptic seizures, especially those arising from the temporal and frontal lobes. [Published with video sequences]