bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Population density and rainfall increase the incidence of Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever in West Java, Indonesia: a secondary data analysis from 2017 to 2021
Authors: Juariah  , Samiran  , Fuadzy H
Published: September 2023

Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is one of the seasonal/latent infectious diseases that potentially to become an epidemic if it is not anticipated properly. DHF cases in West Java, show fluctuating numbers and this province is one of the provinces in Indonesia with the most dengue cases each year. This study aimed to analyse the relationship between rainfall, temperature and population density with the incidence of DHF in West Java, Indonesia. This research was an analytical study using secondary data from 2017 to 2021. Data on population density and rainfall were obtained from the BPS Statistics of West Java Province, while DHF case data were obtained from the West Java Provincial Health Office. The data were analysed using ordinal regression. Results of this study found that the risk of increasing DHF cases in densely populated areas was 8.75 times higher than in less densely populated areas. This study also showed that the risk of increasing DHF cases in areas with high rainfall was 21.43 times higher compared to areas with low rainfall. Therefore, it can be concluded that the denser of the population and the higher of the rainfall, the greater risk of increasing DHF cases in the region.
Study of Septic Tank Wastewater Distribution in Soil
Authors: Anggia Y , Herlina N , Silda  , Elisabeth L , Mikhaprilia L , Monica H
Published: September 2023

In general, people use septic tanks for household wastewater management, but most of them do not meet health requirements and sni regulations, resulting in polluted shallow groundwater. Because of these issues, the author conducted a laboratory simulation of septic tank wastewater seepage on a small scale. This research was carried out in a 100 cm x 100 cm x 40 cm glass box. The aim of this study was to determine the distribution distance, flow rate, and travel time of septic tank wastewater in a horizontal direction wihtin a glass container. The study used statistical analysis to examine the horizontal spread of septic tank effluent in a glass box. The distribution simulation was performed using laboratory tests a ratio 1:10 according to the existing conditions and soil physical properties were tested. Contaminant parameters including the concentration of Escherichia coli and ammonia (NH3N) were analyzed based on distance and time. The number of samples tested in this study was 40 arranged transversely. The results of soil physical property tests included specific gravity of 2,648%, plastic limit of 16,443%, liquid limit of 25,906%, plastic index of 9,463%, sieve analysis of 17,51%, moisture content of 13%, organic matter of 6,12% and permeability 5,388 x 10−5 cm/s. The results of Escherichia coli concentration tests at showed that the concentration was 1,6 x 104 (mpn/100 ml) at the closets distance from the source of spread and 0,92 x 104 (mpn/100 ml) at the farthest distance. The ammonia (nh3n) concentration at the closest distance from the source of spread was 1,30 (mg/l) and the farthest distance was 0,97 (mg/l). The simulation results of the horizontal spread of septic tank wastewater in a glass box at a distance 81 cm required a travel time of 425 minutes (7 hours 5 minutes) with a septic tank wastewater spread speed/flow rate 8,4 x 10−5 liter/minute.
Evaluation of toxic and hazardous waste management in coal mining company heavy equipment workshop
Authors: wardhani E , nastiti K , z irmansyah A
Published: September 2023

Coal is a relatively abundant energy source, especially in East Kalimantan Province. PT X is one of the coal mining companies that has experienced increased demand to meet consumer needs. Coal mining activities use various heavy equipment that requires periodic maintenance workshops. Heavy equipment units produce Toxic and Hazardous Waste (THW). This study aims to evaluate the management of THW in workshop PT X based on applicable government regulations. THW management identifies the source, type, and generation of waste generated and activities for reduction, packaging, storage, collection/transportation, and utilization. The research results show that the number of heavy equipment used is 85 units. The THW produced during the 2021-2022 period is 13,847 tons/year of used batteries/batteries, 31,501 tons/year of used filters, 1,250 tons/year of used hoses, 30,420 tons/year of THW contaminated waste, 1,500 tons/year of used waste and oil lubricants 541,991 tons/year. Management of THW in the workshop as a whole has met the standards based on applicable regulations. Two things must be improved to improve THW management, namely labeling equipped with information about THW and THW storage areas which are classified based on the type of waste designated.
The application of biodrying method for organic waste treatment in Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta
Authors: Minarti A , Aphirta S , Marendra S M P , Rahmiyati L
Published: September 2023

Universitas Trisakti has been attributed with many activities and has not been equipped with a proper solid waste management to recover the waste that may contaminate the environment. Biodrying becomes an approach of drying technique utilizing the heat generated by biological activities to degrade the organic waste and also acknowledged to be the proper technique to provide the raw material for Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF). This study aims to conduct the process of biodrying technique carried out in an acrylic chamber with the capacity of 18000 cm3. The source of municipal solid waste supplied by the transfer waste facility in the area of Universitas Trisakti. Only organic waste was used during the biodrying process. Aeration rate was 3 l/min. The biodrying process was observed for 8 (eight) days which the activities of microorganisms were identified at the third days, shown by the condensation of the evaporated water released on the top and side walls of the biodrying reactor. Due to this condition, the designed reactor needs further innovation to avoid the condensation of evaporated water to raise the reduction rate of moisture content. This pretreatment study showed the absence of leachate which proves that the biodrying method has the potential to reduce the negative impact of unmanaged solid waste generation.
Implementing Effective Environmental Monitoring in Hazardous Waste Temporary Storage Facilities: A Step towards Sustainable Waste Management
Authors: Despa Dikpride , Rinawati  , Arinto Setiawan FX , Septiana Trisya , Sepsriza Romi
Published: September 2023

Good environmental management is essential for sustainable development. Environmental monitoring at Temporary Shelters for Hazardous and Toxic Wastes (TPS B3) is an important step in preserving the environment and human health. B3 waste contains materials that have the potential to damage ecosystems and endanger living things if not managed properly. Environmental monitoring at TPS PLN UP3 Tanjung Karang Hazardous and Toxic waste aims to detect, prevent, and reduce the negative impacts caused by B3 waste on the environment. Monitoring methods may include sampling and analysis of wastewater, monitoring of air quality, and monitoring of leaks that may cause pollution. The results of laboratory tests revealed that the water content of the wastewater, the air quality at the TPS PLN UP3 Tanjung Karang Hazardous and Toxic waste were still below the environmental quality standards and there were no waste leaks that could cause pollution.
Comparative analysis of waste management system in Meranti Forest Natural Tourism, Balikpapan City, Indonesia
Authors: Khoriah S , Ulimaz M
Published: September 2023

The use of the Meranti Protection Forest area which is developed into a new natural tourism will cause an increase in the number of visitors which can have a negative impact on the environment. And in developing an area into a new tourism, but not having complete infrastructure will further aggravate the condition of the tourist environment in the future. Therefore, it is very important for a new natural tourism area to plan an integrated waste management system so that waste handling in the area can be handled properly and as much as possible. This plan also reflects development towards smart and sustainable nature tourism in maintaining the environment and ecosystem around the natural tourism area. In implementing the plan, the method used is to compare data on existing conditions in the Meranti Forest Nature Tourism area in terms of technical and non-technical aspects obtained through primary surveys with standards or criteria for providing infrastructure in natural tourism areas. The results of this study will show problems from the results of data comparison, which will then be solved based on the level of Urgency, Seriousness, Growth of the problem. The results of this study will be a reference in planning the provision of an integrated waste management system that is in accordance with current and future needs in maintaining the environment in the Meranti Forest Nature Tourism area of Balikpapan City.
Bioremediation of diesel oil: potential use of bacteria consortium Lactobacillus fermentum and Clostridium beijerinckii in degrading Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH)
Authors: Sipahutar Naomi Oshin Laurensa , Rahmiyati Lutfia , Rinanti Astri , Fachrul Melati Ferianita , Minarti Astari
Published: September 2023

Diesel oil is a major petroleum-refined product known as the primary environmental pollutant due to its toxic complex hydrocarbons and difficulty in decomposing naturally. This study aims to determine the efficiency of TPH (Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon) removal in the bioremediation process of diesel oil pollution by utilizing a bacteria consortium of Lactobacillus fermentum and Clostridium beijerinckii as biocatalysts. The diesel oil degradation test was conducted on a laboratory scale using Stone Mineral Salt Solution (SMSs) liquid media with a batch system (limited culture). The temperature was set at 30°C with a rotation speed of 150 rpm for 10 days. Different treatments of pH (5, 7, 9) and contact time (10, 20, 30 days) were applied to varied diesel oil concentrations (5, 10, 20%, v/v). The oil components were measured using Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector. Diesel oil samples were put into SMSs containing 10% bacterial consortium and 10% NPK fertilizer. The sensitivity test showed that the bacterial consortium was resistant, proven by the absence of an inhibition zone around the disc paper area containing diesel oil. The highest TPH removal efficiency found was 97.3% when 5% diesel oil was degraded by the bacterial consortium at pH 7 for 20 days. This study proves that the bacterial consortium can be recommended in bioremediation to alleviate diesel oil pollution in the environment.
The Potential of Crab Chitosan Polymer as EOR Injection Fluid
Authors: Ulfah B.M. , Setiati R , Fathaddin M.F. , Ratnaningsih D.R. , Swadesi B , Suprayitno A , Firdaus
Published: September 2023

The abundant availability of crab shell waste in Indonesia is still not optimally utilized. Crab shell contains chitin that can be processed into chitosan. Chitosan polymer can be developed to be utilized on Enhanced Oil Recovery. The objective of this study is to measure the amount of biopolymer adsorption potential of crab shell on sandstone both statically and dynamically, in order to obtain oil recovery potential by using crab shell chitosan as injection fluid. Method of this study is categorized as experimental research through direct observation inside a laboratory. The utilized biopolymer in this research was chitosan made from crab shell. Biopolymer solution concentrations in this research are 5,000, 10,000, and 15,000 mg/L and the formation water salinity levels were at 10,000 and 20,000 mg/L. The research was conducted by using variations of formation water compounds namely NaCl and MgCl2. The research conducted consists of viscosity, transmittance, and adsorption measurements on biopolymer and water formation salinity concentrations. The sand pack flooding was conducted to observe oil displacement by selected formation water and chitosan solution. After conducted viscosity test, solution with the highest viscosity levels were chosen as driving fluid in sand pack flooding. The solutions are N2R3 samples which are crab shell chitosan solution with formation water containing NaCl with salinity level 20,000 mg/L and chitosan concentration of 15,000 mg/L. The viscosity value of the sample was at 1728.67 cP. Conclusion: Crab chitosan with 15,000 mg/L concentration, 20,000 mg/L salinity, and viscosity value of 1728.67 cp can be optimally utilized in sand pack flooding by providing incremental recovery factor of 10.27%.
Aboveground biomass of forest and oil palm land cover mapping using Sentinel 2A imagery, Asahan-Indonesia
Authors: Samsuri  , Amanda S , Zaitunah A , Utomo B , Widyastuti D E
Published: September 2023

Forests are the largest carbon sink, play an important role in the global carbon cycle, and can store at least ten times more carbon than other vegetation types. The study aims to model the aboveground biomass of forest and palm oil land cover, to map the amount of aboveground biomass in the Asahan district. Tree biomass is measured non-destructive or without cutting a tree sample. The independent variables from the biomass estimation model are the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), green normalized difference vegetation index (GNDVI), and transformed vegetation index (TVI) from Sentinel 2A images. The coefficient of determination selects the best model from the equation. The selected estimating model of forest coverage biomass is y = 3830,8ln(x) + 2356,6 with a predicted variable of the NDVI by a coefficient of determination of 79 %; palm oil coverage biomass is y = 0,0018x6,8778 with TVI variable by a coefficient of determination of 21%. The total aboveground biomass for forest coverage is 34,57 tons/ha, and oil palm coverage is 0,07 tons/ha
Optimal, hardware native decomposition of parameterized multi-qubit Pauli gates
Authors: Sriluckshmy P V , Pina-Canelles Vicente , Ponce Mario , Algaba Manuel G , IV Fedor Šimkovic , Leib Martin
Published: September 2023

We show how to efficiently decompose a parameterized multi-qubit Pauli (PMQP) gate into native parameterized two-qubit Pauli (P2QP) gates minimizing both the circuit depth and the number of P2QP gates. Given a realistic quantum computational model, we argue that the technique is optimal in terms of the number of hardware native gates and the overall depth of the decomposition. Starting from PMQP gate decompositions for the path and star hardware graph, we generalize the procedure to any generic hardware graph and provide exact expressions for the depth and number of P2QP gates of the decomposition. Furthermore, we show how to efficiently combine the decomposition of multiple PMQP gates to further reduce the depth as well as the number of P2QP gates for a combinatorial optimization problem using the Lechner–Hauke–Zoller mapping.
Label-free timing analysis of SiPM-based modularized detectors with physics-constrained deep learning
Authors: Ai Pengcheng , Xiao Le , Deng Zhi , Wang Yi , Sun Xiangming , Huang Guangming , Wang Dong , Li Yulei , Ran Xinchi
Published: September 2023

Pulse timing is an important topic in nuclear instrumentation, with far-reaching applications from high energy physics to radiation imaging. While high-speed analog-to-digital converters become more and more developed and accessible, their potential uses and merits in nuclear detector signal processing are still uncertain, partially due to associated timing algorithms which are not fully understood and utilized. In this paper, we propose a novel method based on deep learning for timing analysis of modularized detectors without explicit needs of labeling event data. By taking advantage of the intrinsic time correlations, a label-free loss function with a specially designed regularizer is formed to supervise the training of neural networks (NNs) towards a meaningful and accurate mapping function. We mathematically demonstrate the existence of the optimal function desired by the method, and give a systematic algorithm for training and calibration of the model. The proposed method is validated on two experimental datasets based on silicon photomultipliers as main transducers. In the toy experiment, the NN model achieves the single-channel time resolution of 8.8 ps and exhibits robustness against concept drift in the dataset. In the electromagnetic calorimeter experiment, several NN models (fully-connected, convolutional neural network and long short-term memory) are tested to show their conformance to the underlying physical constraint and to judge their performance against traditional methods. In total, the proposed method works well in either ideal or noisy experimental condition and recovers the time information from waveform samples successfully and precisely.
Aesthetic Enhancement of the Gonial Angle and Inferior Mandibular Border in the Chinese Population
Authors: Zhang Chen , Shi Yurui , Du Shanshan , Bi Hongsen
Published: September 2023

Background

The current absence of a standardized mandibular body osteotomy design poses challenges in surgical planning. Traditional approaches may not suit patients with wider anterior mandibles, potentially resulting in unsatisfactory outcomes. Addressing this issue requires a rational design that combines mandibular angle and body osteotomies for improved clinical practice.

Objectives

In this retrospective cohort study we aimed to analyze mandibular computed tomography (CT) data with digital methods. The goal was to establish an integrated osteotomy design for both mandibular angle and body procedures and classify prevalent mandibular types in the Chinese Han population for surgical guidance.

Methods

Included were 89 patients who underwent mandibular angle osteotomy without genioplasty between 2016 and 2022 at Peking University Third Hospital. Mimics 21.0 software facilitated CT data reconstruction and osteotomy planning. Postoperative effects were assessed through imaging, complications, and surveys, leading to mandibular type classification.

Results

Mandibular angles were categorized by 3 types, based on osteotomy range. Type I involved mandibular body osteotomy only, type II mandibular angle osteotomy only, and type III both mandibular angle and body osteotomies. Distribution within the cohort was 2.25%, 8.99%, and 88.76% for types I, II, and III respectively. Patient satisfaction was high, with minor and major complications at 47.19% and 1.12% by Clavien-Dindo classification.

Conclusions

Utilizing Mimics software, we established an integrated osteotomy design and categorized mandibular types. Findings offer valuable guidance for mandibular angle surgery and contribute to understanding of Asian mandibular morphology.

Level of Evidence: 3
The Impact of Political Fragmentation on the Municipal Spending in Peru
Authors: Mendoza Alberto , Hinostroza Sergio
Published: September 2023

This study evaluates the impact of political fragmentation at the municipal level on public expenditure during the period 2007–2018 for the Peruvian case. The results indicate that the effect of political fragmentation within a municipal council on the spending of the provincial municipality could be non-linear. That is, political fragmentation affects negatively the expenditure in a certain tranche and positively in another. In particular, we observe that the incidence occurs only on the execution of capital expenditure. On the other hand, the political fragmentation of the districts within a province seems not to have a significant effect on the execution of expenditure in coordinated areas such as transport, health, and sanitation. (JEL Codes: E62, H54, H72, P16, P35)
Heat extraction calculations for deep coaxial borehole heat exchangers: matrix analytical approach
Authors: Matyska Ctirad , Zábranová Eliška
Published: September 2023

Deep boreholes represent a source of clean energy. Therefore, effective calculations of potential extraction of heat from boreholes for realistic models of the Earth’s crust with variable thermal conductivity and diffusivity are needed. We deal with heat extraction in a quasi-steady state from coaxial boreholes where downward and upward flows of pumped fluid (water) are separated by an inner pipe and connected only at the bottom. We first obtain theoretical estimates of heat extraction for a thermally isolated inner pipe and a model of the ground with constant thermal diffusivity and conductivity. Then, we develop a new analytical matrix method for a general layered ground model that enables us to include depth-dependent ground properties as well as heat exchange between the downward and upward flows of fluid in the borehole. Our straightforward and fast approach is thus suitable for various parametric studies or as a tool for benchmarks of numerical software. A key role in heat extraction from coaxial boreholes is played by the inner-pipe thermal resistance. We apply our method to the parametric study showing the dependence of pumped water temperature and total heat extraction from the borehole on realistic borehole geometries under different amounts of water pumping. The calculations are performed for a 3 km deep borehole as the representative of present deep boreholes used for extraction of geothermal energy and for a 10 km deep borehole. Drilling of such a  superdeep borehole has just started in China and our results demonstrate potential limits of geothermal energy extraction from such great depths.
PoWRKY71 is involved in Paeonia ostii resistance to drought stress by directly regulating light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding 151 gene
Authors: Luan Yuting , Chen Zijie , Fang Ziwen , Huang Xingqi , Zhao Daqiu , Tao Jun
Published: September 2023

Although the functions of WRKY transcription factors in drought resistance are well known, their regulatory mechanisms in response to drought by stabilising photosynthesis remain unclear. Here, a differentially expressed PoWRKY71 gene that was highly expressed in drought-treated Paeonia ostii leaves was identified through transcriptome analysis. PoWRKY71 positively responded to drought stress with significantly enhanced expression patterns and overexpressing PoWRKY71 in tobacco greatly improved plant tolerance to drought stress, whereas silencing PoWRKY71 in P. ostii resulted in a drought-intolerant phenotype. Furthermore, lower chlorophyll contents, photosynthesis, and inhibited expression of photosynthesis-related light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding 151 (CAB151) gene were found in PoWRKY71-silenced P. ostii. Meanwhile, a homologous system indicated that drought treatment increased PoCAB151 promoter activity. Interactive assays revealed that PoWRKY71 directly bound on the W-box element of PoCAB151 promoter and activated its transcription. In addition, PoCAB151 overexpressing plants demonstrated increased drought tolerance, together with significantly higher chlorophyll contents and photosynthesis, whereas these indices were dramatically lower in PoCAB151-silenced P. ostii. The above results indicated that PoWRKY71 activated the expression of PoCAB151, thus stabilising photosynthesis via regulating chloroplast homeostasis and chlorophyll content in P. ostii under drought stress. This study reveals a novel drought-resistance mechanism in plants and provides a feasible strategy for improving plant drought resistance via stabilising photosynthesis.
Linearly implicit energy-preserving integrating factor methods and convergence analysis for the 2D nonlinear Schrödinger equation with wave operator
Authors: Gu Xuelong , Cai Wenjun , Wang Yushun , Jiang Chaolong
Published: September 2023

In this paper, we develop a novel class of linearly implicit and energy-preserving integrating factor methods for the 2D nonlinear Schrödinger equation with wave operator (NLSW), combining the scalar auxiliary variable approach and the integrating factor methods. To begin, a second-order scheme is proposed, which is rigorously proved to be energy-preserving. By using the energy methods, we analyze its optimal convergence without any restrictions on the grid ratio, where a novel technique and an improved induction argument are proposed to circumvent the difficulty arising from the unavailability of a priori  $L^{\infty }$ estimates of numerical solutions. Based on the integrating factor Runge–Kutta methods, we extend the proposed scheme to arbitrarily high order, which is also linearly implicit and conservative. Numerical experiments are presented to confirm the theoretical analysis and demonstrate the advantages of the proposed methods.
The Jacobson–Morozov Morphism for Langlands Parameters in the Relative Setting
Authors: Bertoloni Meli Alexander , Imai Naoki , Youcis Alex
Published: September 2023

We construct a moduli space $\textsf {LP}_{G}$ of $\operatorname {SL}_{2}$-parameters over ${\mathbb {Q}}$, and show that it has good geometric properties (e.g., explicitly parametrized geometric connected components and smoothness). We construct a Jacobson–Morozov morphism$\textsf {JM}\colon \textsf {LP}_{G}\to \textsf {WDP}_{G}$ (where $\textsf {WDP}_{G}$ is the moduli space of Weil–Deligne parameters considered by several other authors). We show that $\textsf {JM}$ is an isomorphism over a dense open of $\textsf {WDP}_{G}$, that it induces an isomorphism between the discrete loci $\textsf {LP}^{\textrm {disc}}_{G}\to \textsf {WDP}_{G}^{\textrm {disc}}$, and that for any ${\mathbb {Q}}$-algebra $A$ it induces a bijection between Frobenius semi-simple equivalence classes in $\textsf {LP}_{G}(A)$ and Frobenius semi-simple equivalence classes in $\textsf {WDP}_{G}(A)$ with constant (up to conjugacy) monodromy operator.
Sensitivity of Two-Tiered Lyme Disease Serology in Children With an Erythema Migrans Lesion
Authors: Thompson Amy D , Balamuth Fran , Neville Desiree N , Chapman Laura L , Levas Michael N , Kharbanda Anupam B , Branda John A , Ladell Meagan M , Loiselle Claire , Nigrovic Lise E
Published: September 2023

In our prospective cohort of 192 children with a physician-diagnosed erythema migrans (EM) lesion, two-tier Lyme disease serology had higher sensitivity in children with multiple EM lesions (76.8% multiple lesions vs. 38.1% single EM; difference 38.7%, 95% confidence interval 24.8%–50.4%). The diagnosis of cutaneous Lyme disease should be based on careful physical examination rather than laboratory testing.
Hemoclip migration after revision carpal tunnel release: a case report
Authors: Jain Neil , Murchinson Megan , Rounds Alexis , Bourland Bryan
Published: September 2023

A 22-year-old female presented to our clinic with the redevelopment of compressive symptoms after undergoing right carpal tunnel release 2 years prior. During revision surgery, the application of a chitosan polysaccharide membrane wrap over the median nerve was secured with three hemoclips. Follow-up revealed that these clips traveled distally to the volar aspect of the patient’s small finger necessitating excision. Hemoclips in hand surgery serve as a useful tool for securing constructs; however, the recommendation to use them sparingly is made because of the potential for migration and exacerbation of symptoms.
Modeling dynamics of legal relations with dynamic logic
Authors: van Eijck Jan , Ju Fengkui , Xu Tianwen
Published: September 2023

The fundamental relations in private law are claims and duties. These legal relations can be changed by agents with the appropriate legal powers. We use propositional dynamic logic and ideas about propositional control from the agency literature to formalize these changes in legal relations. Our models are sets of states with functions specifying atomic facts, agents’ abilities to change atomic facts, legal relations between agents concerning changing atomic facts and agents’ powers. We present a formal language that allows us to describe models and changes of models caused by two kinds of actions: actions that change atomic facts and actions that change legal relations. Next, we present a sound and complete calculus for this language. The paper demonstrates that the perspective on actions borrowed from computer science can be used to shed interesting light on the dynamics of legal relations.
Context-based argumentation frameworks and multi-agent consensus building
Authors: Yu Zhe , Ju Shier , Chen Weiwei
Published: September 2023

Argumentation must be conducted within specific contexts that involve particular social norms and values. For decision-making, the divergence of opinions among participants does not lie solely in disagreements of common sense and beliefs but mainly stems from differences in the priority orderings over values. In this paper, we discuss how to build consensus among participants holding different value orderings based on an extended structured argumentation framework that takes contextual factors into account. Compared with other formal systems for multi-agent reasoning based on argumentation, the context-based argumentation system especially emphasizes the dynamic nature of contexts. In addition, we refer to a pragmatic perspective to discuss how people manage to achieve the consensus they expect by changing contexts during an argument.
Lithium photodisintegration with linearly polarized photons at astrophysical energies
Authors: V Aswathi , Shastri Venkataramana , S. P. Shilpashree
Published: September 2023

We present here a model-independent theoretical discussion of differential cross-sections in photodisintegration of lithium with unpolarized and linearly polarized photons. In recent years, experimental measurements are being carried out on the photodisintegration of lithium in the reaction channel 7Li(γ, n)6Li to study the angular dependence of cross-section. In this regard, we have studied the spin structure of amplitudes in 7Li(γ, n)6Li by expressing the differential cross-section in terms of Legendre polynomials.
Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of the living Pleurotomariidae (Vetigastropoda), with the description of a new genus
Authors: Harasewych M G , Anseeuw Patrick , Zuccon Dario , Puillandre Nicolas
Published: September 2023

The once diverse family Pleurotomariidae had a widespread global distribution spanning shallow-water faunas throughout the Mesozoic but is presently known only from bathyal habitats along the western margins of the Atlantic and Indo-Pacific Oceans at temperate and tropical latitudes. We evaluate the relationships among surviving lineages of Pleurotomariidae using partial sequences of two mitochondrial genes and three nuclear genes for 22 of the 45 named Recent species-level taxa for which sequence data were available for two or more genes. Phylogenetic analyses partition these species among five lineages, including the new genus Bouchetitrochus n. gen. that is described herein. Of the five lineages, two are present in both the western Atlantic and the western Indo-Pacific Oceans, one is endemic to the western Atlantic and two are endemic to the western Indo-Pacific.
The Chicago School of Urban Sociology
Authors: Owens Robert
Published: September 2023

The Chicago School of Urban Sociology developed in the early 1900s at the nexus of an important institutional center for early sociological research in the United States (the University of Chicago), a rich and varied set of linked field sites (the city of Chicago and its neighborhoods), and a cohesive theoretical perspective (the ecological theory). Original and generative sociological insights developed in this milieu, and the Chicago School holds an enduring interest to historians of sociology, urbanists, and sociological theorists. Key figures in the first generation of Chicago School researchers include Robert Park and Ernest Burgess. Park earned a PhD in philosophy in 1903 at Heidelberg University and taught at the University of Chicago from 1914. Burgess earned his PhD in sociology at the University of Chicago in 1913 and returned to teach in 1916. Park and Burgess were the core faculty responsible for training a generation of students whose dissertations explored fundamental social trends and dynamics in contemporary American society, most often through the lens of Chicago’s neighborhoods. Chicago and its neighborhoods have remained a frequent site for urban sociological studies, not least because later researchers were able to build on the body of work developed initially by Park, Burgess, their colleagues, and students. The ecological theory developed by Chicago School sociologists drew inspiration from plant and animal ecology to describe the interdependence of communities and groups, the characteristics of “natural” growth, organization and disorganization, the importance of race and class to social stratification, and the networked qualities of urban life. In looking to biological science for a theoretical vocabulary for sociology, the Chicago sociologists followed a similar course to European sociologists Auguste Comte, Herbert Spencer, and Émile Durkheim. Their emphasis on social ties and group definition also shows their inheritance of Georg Simmel’s ideas, mainly through Robert Park, who studied with Simmel. The contributions of “the Chicago School of Urban Sociology” are not easily confined to urban studies, nor to a single era of intellectual activity. From the beginning, the empirical sociologists and urbanists were heavily influenced by the pragmatist tradition in philosophy represented by William James, John Dewey, and George Herbert Mead. One manifestation of this influence was the emergence of symbolic interactionism through the work of Herbert Blumer and Erving Goffman. Later generations of sociologists self-consciously adopting the mantle of the Chicago School have shown the fecundity of ecological theory beyond the domain of urban studies.
The Literary Languages of Greek
Authors: Porro Antonietta , Langella Elena
Published: September 2023

The early Greek literary texts date back to the eighth century bce. In the age of literary oral tradition (eighth–fifth century bce), the language of literary texts does not coincide with any vernacular dialects, but every literary genre is characterized by a conventional language, in which elements of a specific dialect or of various dialects are present. The origin, evolution, and history of the different literary genres determine the characteristics of the so-called literary languages, which are used by poets and writers according to the literary genre of their compositions, regardless of the place of birth or the geographical context of the authors. So archaic epic diction contains Ionic and Aeolic elements; the language of the Theban Pindar has a Doric color, like all choral melic poems; and early scientific prose adopts many elements of the Ionian dialect, but it is different from spoken Ionian language. With the age of Koiné (“common language,” used from the end of the fourth century bce in the Macedonian Empire) and with the achievement of the book as a medium for literary communication, every poet and writer uses his own style and language: this language draws on tradition, but often cum variatione. Therefore, from the Hellenistic age onward, it is impossible to talk of literary languages in general, but one must investigate the language and style of each individual author.
Tourism and Hinduism
Authors: Thomases Drew
Published: September 2023

Broadly speaking, tourism is travel. It is a term that encompasses both the economic industry surrounding travel, and the many culturally situated practices of traveling that exist around the world. While often defined as a form of travel that happens in the context of leisure—which is to say, something done because of the availability of both time and money—tourism can nevertheless possess any number of purposes: to spend time with friends or family, to see other cultures, to enjoy better weather, or to discover love, oneself, or even the divine. In India, tourism shares significant family resemblances with pilgrimage, a form of religious travel where journeyers often combine the more leisurely activities of tourism—sightseeing, shopping, dining out, etc.—with somewhat weightier desires related to moral obligation and ritual responsibility. In Hindu sites of pilgrimage throughout the subcontinent, one can meet pilgrims who are also tourists, and tourists who are also pilgrims, people who might purchase a commemorative tchotchke after taking a sacred bath, or be brought to a temple by a tour guide. While touring for religious purposes is quite common, the relationship between tourism and religion is oftentimes fraught. This is because of the pervasive but misleading idea that tourism has a secularizing, corruptive, and ultimately defiling effect on religion, which in its ideal form is supposed to be pure like a lotus rising from the mud. But the situation on the ground is much more complicated. As an enduring and entrenched facet of society, religion has never been truly apart from the cultural, political, or indeed economic aspects of life. The evidence in India shows us that tourism affects religion (and religion affects tourism) in any number of different ways—some positively, some negatively, often interestingly. As such, this relationship is not one of oppositional forces, but rather one of interwoven peoples, discourses, and institutions.
Computer-Assisted Language Learning
Authors: Thomas Michael , Yamazaki Kasumi
Published: September 2023

Computer-assisted language learning (CALL) is a subfield of second language acquisition (SLA), which investigates the role of digital technologies in mediating language learning and teaching. While there has been a history of using technical devices to stimulate or aid learning since the beginning of the twentieth century (i.e., radio, silent film, music, television), most histories of CALL start in the 1950s and trace its development from the use of large-scale mainframe computers and behaviorist learning approaches through to the constant innovations of digital technologies and constructivism since the 1990s. During this period, computers have radically decreased in size, from mainframes that filled huge rooms to powerful computers in every student’s pocket or bag. Likewise, CALL technologies and applications have moved from being a tool to a tutor to a mixture of both in the form of web-mediated applications that offer a more networked or social dimension. The acronym, first more widely used from the early 1980s, suffers somewhat from the limitations of including the word “computer” in an age of smart phones, tablets, the Internet, and artificial intelligence (AI). As the field has matured since the 1990s, the emergence of dedicated national and international teacher associations and their related conferences, book series, research funding streams, special interest groups, and scholarly journals have sought to address this over-evangelical enthusiasm for technology and slowly have begun to challenge it with a more evidence-based and critical approach. CALL research now has an international audience with associations or recognizable groups of practitioners in most major countries or regions of the world, and while most of the research is still in English, there are increasing amounts of work in other languages, from Spanish to Japanese and Chinese. While some of the research still tends to be dominated by experimental studies trying to prove how a technology may “enhance” a particular aspect of language learning or the latest technological trend, more recent research draws on a wide range of theories and methodologies, to explore the influence on learner identity, motivation, and behavior as well as issues of equity and social justice. Important in this respect is the growing recognition of research on teacher education, as it is only by developing effective CALL teacher educational programs that new generations of teachers and learners will be most able to critically engage with new generations of digital technologies in and outside the language classroom.
Verb-Particle Constructions
Authors: Capelle Bert
Published: September 2023

Verb-particle constructions, such as English look out or sober up, combine an open-class word functioning as a verb and a closed-class word whose primary meaning is locative or directional. Students of English grammar know such combinations by the familiar but often more broadly employed term “phrasal verbs,” while for other Germanic languages such as German and Dutch, linguists also use the term “complex verbs,” “compound verbs,” “prefix verbs” or, reflecting that these objects can be split up by other material, “separable (complex) verbs” (versus “inseparable (complex) verbs”). Thus, German das Licht einschalten ‘to switch on the light’ can occur separated, as in ich schaltete das Licht an ‘I switched the light on’—a structure that also exists in English. Another term found in the literature is “particle verbs,” which, like “complex/compound/prefix/separable verbs,” betrays the linguist’s conviction that particle and verb potentially, or even basically, form a morphologically complex word rather than a phrase. However, the analysis of particle verbs as single words is under much debate. The term “verb-particle constructions” is non-committal, as “constructions” can be recognized to exist at the level of both word formation and phrasal syntax. In the abbreviation “VPC,” used throughout this article, the C can moreover refer conveniently either to a construction seen as a morphological or syntactic template or to a concrete combination of a specific verb and a specific particle. The precise status of particles remains hard to pin down. They are not ordinary affixes—at least, whoever treats them thus must be able to account for their ability to be separated from the verb. Particles share certain properties with traditionally defined prepositions, with which they may be homophonous (such as off in fall off a cliff), but they differ from them in not taking a noun phrase complement with which they form a prepositional phrase. Even so, the particle and the preceding direct object noun phrase (e.g., das Licht an) actually have been analyzed as making up a constituent, a “small clause.” While VPCs are a very common phenomenon in Germanic languages, they are not confined to this one language family. In recent decades, several studies have appeared on VPCs in Romance languages, especially in Italian and its regional varieties. There are also descriptions of VPCs in Uralic languages, such as Hungarian, Finnish, and Estonian, and in certain Northern Australian languages, such as Warlpiri. VPCs have been at the center of scholars’ attention in a number of research domains, including theoretical linguistics of various types, historical linguistics, computational linguistics, psycho- and neurolinguistics, and applied linguistics. This bibliography, which covers a wide range of languages, aims to be of interest to linguists of all theoretical persuasions and active in many different fields.
Competence to Stand Trial: Restoration Services
Authors: White Cassidy S. , Kois Lauren E. , Murrie Daniel
Published: September 2023

The US Supreme Court has ruled that the Constitution requires criminal defendants be competent to stand trial, that is, be able to meaningfully understand legal proceedings and the charges against them, and be able to assist counsel. So, when mental illness or cognitive deficits render a defendant incompetent, the defendant is usually court ordered to competence-restoration services. Historically, such services were available only in psychiatric hospitals, where defendants received medication and other typical inpatient treatment, perhaps supplemented with some education on legal proceedings. A few studies have examined these services, or examined special strategies for certain barriers to competence (e.g., cognitive deficits), but rigorous research has been sparse, historically. Indeed, although restoration services are commonplace, they have been poorly studied and the field has little data, or well-established best practices, guiding competence restoration services. In recent decades, the demand for competence restoration services has increased dramatically; courts have ordered far more defendants to competence evaluations and then into restoration services. However, inpatient psychiatric hospitals do not have the capacity to promptly admit and treat these defendants with serious mental illness, creating a public health challenge labeled, “the competency crisis.” In this challenging era, state systems have begun to explore alternative sites and strategies to address restoration. Increasingly, certain defendants are released from jail and ordered to outpatient restoration services in their community, while others receive services in jail-based restoration. Authorities emphasize the need for a restoration continuum of care, recognizing that many defendants can successfully complete treatment in these alternative sites, while a minority will still require the traditional model of inpatient restoration in a psychiatric hospital. Finally, authorities are recognizing that many defendants—those facing minor charges that are primarily attributable to their psychiatric symptoms—can be diverted from the competency system entirely through strategic diversion programs.
If You Build It, Will They Come? Patient and Provider Use of a Novel Hybrid Telehealth Care Pathway for Low Back Pain
Authors: Lentz Trevor A , Coffman Cynthia J , Cope Tyler , Stearns Zachary , Simon Corey B , Choate Ashley , Gladney Micaela , France Courtni , Hastings S Nicole , George Steven Z
Published: September 2023

Objective

The purpose of this study was to describe the referrals and use of a hybrid care model for low back pain that includes on-site care by physical therapists, physical activity training, and psychologically informed practice (PiP) delivered by telehealth in the Improving Veteran Access to Integrated Management of Low Back Pain (AIM-Back) trial.

Methods

Data were collected from November 2020 through February 2023 from 5 Veteran Health Administration clinics participating in AIM-Back, a multisite, cluster-randomized embedded pragmatic trial. The authors extracted data from the Veteran Health Administration Corporate Data Warehouse to describe referral and enrollment metrics, telehealth use (eg, distribution of physical activity and PiP calls), and treatments used by physical therapists and telehealth providers.

Results

Seven hundred one veterans were referred to the AIM-Back trial with 422 enrolling in the program (consult-to-enrollment rate = 60.2%). After travel restrictions were lifted, site visits resulted in a significant increase in referrals and a number of new referring providers. At initial evaluation by on-site physical therapists, 92.2% of veterans received pain modulation (eg, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, manual therapy). Over 81% of enrollees completed at least 1 telehealth physical activity call, with a mean of 2.8 (SD = 2.0) calls out of 6. Of the 167 veterans who screened as medium to high risk of persistent disability, 74.9% completed at least 1 PiP call, with a mean of 2.5 (SD = 2.0) calls out of 6. Of those who completed at least 1 PiP call (n = 125), 100% received communication strategies, 97.6% received pain coping skills training, 89.6% received activity-based treatments, and 99.2% received education in a home program.

Conclusion

In implementing a hybrid care pathway for low back pain, the authors observed consistency in the delivery of core components (ie, pain modulation, use of physical activity training, and risk stratification to PiP), notable variability in telehealth calls, high use of PiP components, and increased referrals with tailored provider engagement.

Impact

These findings describe variability occurring within a hybrid care pathway and can inform future implementation efforts.