bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Positivity and Linearization of a Class of Nonlinear Continuous–Time Systems by State Feedbacks
Authors: Kaczorek Tadeusz
Published: January 2016

The positivity and linearization of a class of nonlinear continuous-time system by nonlinear state feedbacks are addressed. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the positivity of the class of nonlinear systems are established. A method for linearization of nonlinear systems by nonlinear state feedbacks is presented. It is shown that by a suitable choice of the state feedback it is possible to obtain an asymptotically stable and controllable linear system, and if the closed-loop system is positive then it is unstable.
Nonlinear State–Space Predictive Control with On–Line Linearisation and State Estimation
Authors: Ławryńczuk Maciej
Published: January 2016

This paper describes computationally efficient model predictive control (MPC) algorithms for nonlinear dynamic systems represented by discrete-time state-space models. Two approaches are detailed: in the first one the model is successively linearised on-line and used for prediction, while in the second one a linear approximation of the future process trajectory is directly found on-line. In both the cases, as a result of linearisation, the future control policy is calculated by means of quadratic optimisation. For state estimation, the extended Kalman filter is used. The discussed MPC algorithms, although disturbance state observers are not used, are able to compensate for deterministic constant-type external and internal disturbances. In order to illustrate implementation steps and compare the efficiency of the algorithms, a polymerisation reactor benchmark system is considered. In particular, the described MPC algorithms with on-line linearisation are compared with a truly nonlinear MPC approach with nonlinear optimisation repeated at each sampling instant.
A Comparative and Experimental Study on Gradient and Genetic Optimization Algorithms for Parameter Identification of Linear MIMO Models of a Drilling Vessel
Authors: Bańka Stanisław , Brasel Michał , Dworak Paweł , Jaroszewski Krzysztof
Published: January 2016

The paper presents algorithms for parameter identification of linear vessel models being in force for the current operating point of a ship. Advantages and disadvantages of gradient and genetic algorithms in identifying the model parameters are discussed. The study is supported by presentation of identification results for a nonlinear model of a drilling vessel.
Optimization of the Maximum Likelihood Estimator for Determining the Intrinsic Dimensionality of High–Dimensional Data
Authors: Karbauskaitė Rasa , Dzemyda Gintautas
Published: January 2016

One of the problems in the analysis of the set of images of a moving object is to evaluate the degree of freedom of motion and the angle of rotation. Here the intrinsic dimensionality of multidimensional data, characterizing the set of images, can be used. Usually, the image may be represented by a high-dimensional point whose dimensionality depends on the number of pixels in the image. The knowledge of the intrinsic dimensionality of a data set is very useful information in exploratory data analysis, because it is possible to reduce the dimensionality of the data without losing much information. In this paper, the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) of the intrinsic dimensionality is explored experimentally. In contrast to the previous works, the radius of a hypersphere, which covers neighbours of the analysed points, is fixed instead of the number of the nearest neighbours in the MLE. A way of choosing the radius in this method is proposed. We explore which metric—Euclidean or geodesic—must be evaluated in the MLE algorithm in order to get the true estimate of the intrinsic dimensionality. The MLE method is examined using a number of artificial and real (images) data sets.
Maximum principles, Liouville-type theorems and symmetry results for a general class of quasilinear anisotropic equations
Authors: Barbu Luminita , Enache Cristian
Published: January 2016

This paper is concerned with a general class of quasilinear anisotropic equations. We first derive some maximum principles for two appropriate P-functions, in the sense of Payne
(see the book of Sperb [18]).
These maximum principles are then employed to obtain a Liouville-type result and a Serrin–Weinberger-type symmetry result.
Dehydration of Ethanol by PSA Process with Pressure Equalization Step Added
Authors: Gomar-Madriz Luz Elena , Luna Jaime Saucedo , Serna-González Medardo , Hernández-Castro Salvador , Castro-Montoya Agustin Jaime
Published: January 2016

In this work, the ethanol dehydration production process is carried out using the Mathematical Modeling Pressure Adsorption Process. A new model is suggested, it has two equalization steps, and is compared with the Industrial Pressure Swing Process operating cycle. An analysis of the effects of introducing the pressure equalization step is performed on four main response variables: purity, production, recovery and energy consumption and it is compared with the current cycle configuration operating in the industry. We used Aspen Adsorption for the valuation and simulation of the cyclic PSA process. We analyzed and processed the simulation results in Statgraphics Centurion to obtain optimum operating conditions for the process. This evaluation shows that purity decreases slightly, whereas recovery and production increase. The most important thing is that the energy consumption is reduced. These results clearly show that by modifying the operating cycle schema, optimum operating conditions also change. The optimization of the new cycle was executed considering as variables bed pressure, adsorption time and purging flow. We found that a smaller column is more productive for the equalization cycle than that of a 14m bed, which is optimal in the industrial cycle with a consequent reduction in adsorbent material.
Cellulases by Penicillium sp. in different culture conditions
Authors: Mesa Leyanis , Salvador Carmen A. , Herrera Mónica , Carrazana Daimí I. , González Erenio
Published: January 2016

The high cost of cellulolytic enzymes used in the ethanol production process has led to a growing interest in situ production. The evaluation of the influence of several factors in the fungus Penicillium sp. cellulase production using pretreated sugarcane bagasse is very interesting. Penicillium sp. cellulase production by using filter paper as cellulosic substrate and the use of glucose, sucrose and lactose like co-substrates was assessed. In the experiments using filter paper as a cellulosic substrate, the highest FPase enzyme activity obtained was 280 FPU.L-1 using sucrose as co-substrate. Subsequently, the study of pretreated sugarcane bagasse was conducted using Plackett-Burman experimental design with analysis of 6 factors influencing the process. The highest FPase activity was 615.1 FPU.L-1. The factors influencing FPase and β- glucosidase activity were the use of molasses and the solid loading. The successful use of molasses as co-substrate opens perspectives for future researches.
Infection process of Ceramium rubrum (Rhodophyta, Ceramiales) on the agarophyte Gracilaria chilensis (Rhodophyta, Gracilariales)
Authors: Michetti Karina M. , Miravalles Alicia B. , Hughes Melanie H. , Leonardi Patricia I.
Published: January 2016

Epiphytism is a major problem world-wide for the Gracilaria mariculture industry that reduces the productivity of commercial farms. Most of the epiphytes associated with Gracilaria chilensis belong to the order Ceramiales. Under laboratory conditions we studied the infection process of Ceramium rubrum rhizoids on G. chilensis collected from a northern Chilean farm. The rhizoid penetration was intercellular. The host cell wall and cortical cells adjacent to the epiphyte appeared compressed and disorganized. The rhizoids presented an extensive dynamic complex endomembrane system, mainly represented by a plentiful endoplasmic reticulum (ER) network, dictyosomes, electron dense material surrounded by ER membranes, membrane bodies and vacuolar sacs with fibrillar material. Two types of cell wall deposition can be suggested: i) one characterized by the direct contact of ER vesicles with the plasmalemma and ii) another represented by the ER contributing material to the cell wall indirectly through vacuolar sacs. This study provides the basis for a better understanding of the infection process involved in the epiphyte-host interaction.
Characterization of Extreme Points of Multi-Stochastic Tensors
Authors: Ke Rihuan , Li Wen , Xiao Mingqing
Published: January 2016

Stochastic matrices play an important role in the study of probability theory
and statistics, and are often used in a variety of modeling problems in
economics, biology and operation research. Recently, the study
of tensors and
their applications
became a hot topic in numerical analysis and
optimization.
In this paper, we focus on studying stochastic tensors and, in
particular, we study the extreme points of a set of multi-stochastic tensors. Two
necessary and sufficient conditions for a multi-stochastic tensor to be an
extreme point are established.
These conditions characterize the “generators” of multi-stochastic tensors.
An algorithm to search the convex combination of extreme points for an arbitrary given
multi-stochastic tensor is developed. Based on our obtained results, some expression
properties for third-order and n-dimensional multi-stochastic tensors
(

n
=
3

${n=3}$

and 4) are derived, and all extreme points of
3-dimensional and 4-dimensional triply-stochastic tensors can be produced in a simple
way. As an application, a new approach for the
partially filled square problem under the framework of multi-stochastic
tensors is given.
Stably uniform affinoids are sheafy
Authors: Buzzard Kevin , Verberkmoes Alain
Published: January 2016

We develop some of the foundations of affinoid pre-adic spaces without
Noetherian or finiteness hypotheses. We give explicit examples of
non-adic affinoid pre-adic spaces, and also a new condition ensuring that
the structure presheaf on Spa(R,

R
+

R^{+}

) is a sheaf. This condition can
be used to give a new proof that the spectrum of a perfectoid algebra
is an adic space.
Dimensional stability, fungal resistance and mechanical properties of radiata pine after combined thermo-mechanical compression and oil heat-treatment
Authors: Dubey Manoj Kumar , Pang Shusheng , Chauhan Shakti , Walker John
Published: January 2016

The dimensional stability and mechanical properties of radiata pine (Pinus radiata) has been investigated after thermo-mechanically compression (TMC) followed by oil heat-treatment (OHT). Wood specimens were first compressed in the radial direction then heat-treated in a linseed oil bath at 160–210°C. Spring-back percentage, water repellence efficiencies, and compression set recovery percentage were determined as indicators of dimensional stability. The resistance of treated wood against a brown rot fungi was assessed based on an accelerated laboratory fungal decay test. Strength, stiffness and hardness were determined as a function of different treatment parameters. After TMC, high compression set (39%) was achieved without any surface checks and cracks. Specimens undergoing TMC followed by OHT showed relatively less swelling and low compression set recovery under high moisture conditions. The fungal resistance of wood after TMC+OHT slightly increased compared to untreated wood and TMC wood. The mechanical properties of TMC+OHT wood were inferior to those of TMC wood.
Influence of Grain Refinement on Oxidation Behavior of Two-Phase Cu–Cr Alloys at 973–1,073 K in Air
Authors: Pan T. J. , Chen J. , He Y. X. , Wei W. , Hu J.
Published: January 2016

The oxidation behavior of grain-refined Cu–7.0 Cr alloy (GR Cu–7.0 Cr) in air at 973–1,073 K was investigated in comparison with normal casting Cu–7.0 Cr alloy (CA Cu–7.0 Cr). The oxidation of CA Cu–7.0 Cr alloy nearly followed parabolic law, while the oxidation kinetics of GR Cu–7.0 Cr slightly deviated from parabolic law. Both alloys almost produced multi-layered scales consisting of the outer layer of CuO and the inner layer of mixed Cr2O3and Cu2O oxides plus internal oxidation zones of chromium. The grain-refined Cu–7.0 Cr alloy produced a more amount of Cr2O3in the inner layer of the scale, and thus was oxidized at much lower oxidation rate than that of CA Cu–7.0 Cr with normal grain size. The experimental results indicated that the differences in oxidation behavior between two alloys may be ascribed to the different size and spatial distribution of the second-phase particles and the reactive component contents in localized zone.
Il caso di Cornelio Gallo: una sfida per la propaganda augustea
Authors: Gagliardi Paola
Published: January 2016

Riassunto

Le difficoltà e le contraddizioni tra le fonti sul processo di Gallo e le reazioni dei contemporanei alla sua morte lasciano intuire un clima politico difficile tra il 27 e il 26 a. C.: Ottaviano, dopo aver accettato un compromesso con il senato ed aver abbandonato Gallo, affrontò critiche e malumori degli amici e dei poeti. Per queste ragioni la sua propaganda cercò di deformare i fatti e minimizzare le sue colpe.
Vínculos familiares en el contexto mitraico: las inscripciones pro salute
Authors: Méndez Israel Campos
Published: January 2016

El mitraísmo está considerado dentro de las religiones orientales practicadas en el Imperio romano, como la que más firmemente mantuvo su rasgo mistérico. Ajeno a manifestaciones externas, desarrolló su culto dentro de los mitreos, excluyendo además a un importante sector de la población romana: las mujeres. A través de los textos epigráficos que vamos a analizar, comprobaremos que esta percepción no es tan monolítica como se piensa, sino que los propios iniciados encontraron mecanismos con lo que hacer una cierta proyección hacia afuera de sus creencias y también encontraron el medio para incluir en sus creencias a sus mujeres, hijos y demás familiares.
Burckhardt’s Age of Constantine
Authors: Barnes Timothy D.
Published: January 2016

The recent critical edition of Jacob Burckhardt’s classic „Die Zeit Constantin’s des Großen“ by Hartmut Leppin and others is a monument of accurate scholarship. It carefully documents the changes that Burckhardt made when he revised his original text of 1852 for the new edition of 1880 which has since then been the standard text read and used by historians. Apart from Burckhardt’s belated acceptance of Lactantius’ authorship of the De Mortibus Persecutorum, which he had denied in the first edition, most of the changes were minor matters of wording and punctuation, but two substantive changes stand out as significant. (1) In 1880, developing in a more precise form the characterisation of Constantine’s relation to the Christian church by Theodor Brieger as one of complete domination, Burckhardt used the novel term „Reichskirche“ for its status under Constantine. (2) Burckhardt sharpened his critical attitude towards theurgy and spiritualism, perhaps under the influence of Robert Browning, whose dramatic monologue „Mr Sludge, ‚The Medium‘“ must have come to his attention during his visit to England in 1879.
The possible molecular regulation mechanism of CIK cells inhibiting the proliferation of Human Lung Adenocarcinoma NCL-H157 Cells
Authors: Li Dengrui , Yang Yonghui , Gao Li , Guo Sumin , Hui Li , Zhu Guiyun , Hou Hongwei , Wu Shucai
Published: January 2016

Cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells were isolated and proliferation from human peripheral blood and cultured in appropriate growth medium. The biological characteristics of CIK cells were further determined by the characterization of surface markers by flow cytometry. CIK cells inhibited the proliferation of human lung adenocarcinoma NCL-H157 cells. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression was down-regulated in CIK cells co-cultured with NCL-H157 cells by western blotting analysis. Furthermore, in comparison with cells untreated by CIK, the NCL-H157 had a lower proliferation capacity. We proposed that the pharmacological mechanisms of NCL-H157 promoted by CIK can be estimated possibly with different biological significance that can be ascribed to down-regulated VEGF expression in vitro. The results suggest that the VEGF pathway guides developmental inhibiting of NCL-H157, and we speculate that the function of VEGF pathways is to guide NCL-H157 to inhibition by abundant CIK.
Complete remission through icotinib treatment in Non-small cell lung cancer epidermal growth factor receptor mutation patient with brain metastasis: A case report
Authors: Wang Tao , Wang Ruimin , Dong Zhouhuan , Liang Naichao , Chang Ping
Published: January 2016

Brain metastasis (BM) has been universally recognized as a poor prognostic factor in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have shown efficacy in treating BM with an EGFR mutation. This paper reports a case of BM patient with EGFR-mutated NSCLC. According to the findings, a complete remission (CR) of the BM was achieved by icotinib treatment without conducting a radiotherapy, which was followed by a resection of the primary lung cancer lesion and lymph nodes. After one-year follow-up, the disease progressed to liver metastasis and liver lesion biopsy showed a T790M mutation. The patient responded well to the combination treatment of AZD9291 and icotinib after the failure of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE). This case report suggests that icotinib has a sustainable anticancer response to BM and the combination with icotinib and AZD9291 is effective for liver metastasis with T790M.
Innate Lymphoid Cells: Roles In Tumour Genesis And Progression
Authors: Jovanovic Ivan , Gajovic Nevena , Radosavljevic Gordana , Pantic Jelena , Pejnovic Nada , Arsenijevic Nebojsa , Lukic Miodrag L.
Published: January 2016

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) represent the most recently identified members of the innate immune system. These cells play important roles in inflammation, tissue remodelling and metabolic disease. ILCs can be subdivided into three major groups according to their cytokine production. The role of ILCs in tumourigenesis and tumour progression is not completely clarified. In this review, we discuss whether and how ILCs are involved in tumour genesis, growth and metastasis.
The Effects Of Two Fitness Programs With Different Metabolic Demands On Oxidative Stress In The Blood Of Young Females
Authors: Djordjevic Dusica , Tosic Jelica Stojanovic , Stefanovic Djordje , Barudzic Nevena , Vuletic Milena , Zivkovic Vladimir , Jakovljevic Vladimir
Published: January 2016

The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of two metabolically different exercise programs on the redox state of women who were physically inactive before the beginning of the study. For this purpose, participants (women 25±5 years old) chose one of two popular fitness programs, Pilates or Tae Bo, and attended it 3 times a week for 12 weeks. At the beginning and end of the study, body composition analysis and venous blood sampling were performed. The levels of superoxide anion radical, hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide and lipid peroxidation were measured in plasma, and the levels of reduced glutathione and the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase were measured in erythrocytes. Only the Tae Bo program induced changes (positive) in body composition, whereas both exercise programs induced slight oxidative stress in exercisers. In the Tae Bo group, the levels of hydrogen peroxide were significantly increased, whereas the levels of reduced glutathione were decreased after three months of training. In the Pilates group, hydrogen peroxide and catalase activity were increased, and nitrites decreased. However, at the end of the study, those two groups had no significantly different values for any pro/antioxidant compared with the subjects who served as controls. This finding suggests that moderate physical activity, such as recreational fitness programs, may induce the increased production of reactive oxygen species but do not lead to a serious disturbance of the redox homeostasis of exercisers.
Fractures Of The Hamatum And Capitatum In A Child: A Case Report
Authors: Malkoc Melih , Korkmaz Ozgur , Kara Adnan , Seker Ali , Oltulu Ismail , Surucu Serkan
Published: January 2016

Fractures of the carpal bones are rarely seen in children, particularly in the first decade of life. Scaphoid fractures are the most common carpal bone injuries seen during this period of life. A 5-year-old boy was referred to our clinic with right hand and wrist pain and massive swelling. The patient showed limited wrist extension and flexion with pain and swelling, but there was no neurovascular damage. Conventional X-ray and CT scans were performed. The CT results in particular showed clear non-displaced capitatum and hamatum fractures, and a short arm cast was applied. At the 18-month follow-up visit, the patient’s fractures were healed with no displacement, and full ROM was achieved with a pain-free motion.
Platinum Complexes And Their Anti-Tumour Activity Against Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia Cells
Authors: Silconi Žana Besser , Benazic Sasa , Milovanovic Jelena , Arsenijevic Aleksandar , Stojanovic Bojana , Milovanovic Marija , Kanjevac Tatjana
Published: January 2016

Since the discovery of the antitumor activity of cisplatin by Rosenberg and co-workers, the use of metal complexes in cancer treatment has caused a huge interest. Today, platinum-based drugs are part of standard chemotherapy in the management of a variety of ca ncers, germ cell tumours, sarcomas, and lymphomas. Unfortunately, toxicity and drug resistance are major obstacles to wider clinical application of these drugs. Their use is greatly limited by severe side effects such as nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, and neurotoxicity. Although cisplatin is one of the most successful anticancer drugs to date, its biochemical mechanism of action is still unclear. Cisplatin is generally accepted as having the ability to interact with the purine bases on the DNA, causing DNA damage, interfering with DNA repair mechanisms, and subsequently inducing apoptosis in cancer cells.

Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia is a neoplastic B cell lymphoproliferative disease characterized by a highly variable clinical course. Clinical stage at the diagnosis and biological prognostic factors are the important predictors for survival. The Rai and Binet staging systems describe three major prognostic subgroups. Commonly used prognostic biomarkers in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia can be divided into genotypic, DNA-level changes and phenotypic, expression-level changes. For chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, substantial progress in therapy has not been made over the past 40 years. The main goal of future scientific research is to find new platinum complexes that have better efficacy in cancer treatment, the ability to be administered orally, without developing a cancer-drug resistance, and reduced toxic side effects.
Experience Of Ocular Symptoms Among Allergic Rhinitis Patients Depending On The Type Of Aeroallergens
Authors: Velickovic Vesna , Simovic Sladjana , Sarenac Tatjana , Mihailovic Natasa , Ristic Svetlana , Zivanović Sandra
Published: January 2016

The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of ocular symptoms and compare the demographic and clinical characteristics in AR patients depending on sensitisation to various types of aeroallergens.

Allergic rhinitis is defined as an IgE-mediated inflammation of the lining of the nose that is characterized by nasal symptoms, including nasal congestion, sneezing, itching of nose and runny nose. Patients suffering from allergic rhinitis frequently experience ocular symptoms such as ocular redness, eye itching and tears. The frequency of ocular symptoms in our study population was 27,6%. No statistical significance was found in the mean ages of the patients who did or did not experience ocular symptoms p>0,05 (p=0,243). Our results indicated that there were no statistical differences (p>0,05) among the groups of allergic rhinitis patients based on experiencing nasal symptoms according to the types of aeroallergens. Our results indicated that there were significant experiences of ocular symptoms in patients who were sensitised to outdoor aeroallergens (p<0,001) and significant sensitisation to both outdoor and indoor aeroallergens (p<0,05). Experiencing the examined ocular symptoms, including ocular redness, eye itching and tears, demonstrated highly statistical significance (p<0,001) among the groups of allergic rhinitis patients who were sensitised to indoor aeroallergens and outdoor aeroallergens, and there was statistical significance (p<0,05) among the groups of allergic rhinitis patients who were sensitised to indoor aeroallergens and both types of aeroallergens (indoor and outdoor).

Ocular symptoms are more common in patients who are sensitised to outdoor aeroallergens.
Appropriate Biomarkers For Oxidative Stress In Patients With End Stage Renal Disease
Authors: Dejanov Petar , Dejanova Beti
Published: January 2016

The appropriate biomarkers for oxidative stress (OS) in patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) are important in renal pathology. Patients (56) with ESRD were investigated (35 men and 21 women). Patients, with mean age of 45±17 years, defined education, specific HD duration and calculated body mass index (BMI), were exposed to a polysulphone type HD membrane for approximately 4 hours per HD session, 3 times per week. The control group was composed of 31 healthy volunteers. The total antioxidative capacity (TAC) and the antioxidative (AO) enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), were assessed. Analyses included Randox Crumlin GB; lipid peroxidation (LP) using its end product, malonyldialdehyde (MDA) (fluorimetric); and a LDL-ox immunoassay (Biomedica gruppe, Vienna, Austria). The TAS was higher in ESRD patients before HD (1.63±0.1 mmol/L) compared to the control group (1.23±0.03 mmol/L).
Evaluation Of Potential Cytotoxic Effects Of Herbal Extracts
Authors: Radovanovic Ana
Published: January 2016

Herbal medicines have played an important role in treating different diseases since ancient times. Bioactive components of medicinal plants are a good starting point for discovering new drugs such as chemotherapeutics. Currently, there are four classes of plant-derived chemotherapeutic drugs used in clinical practice. However, to discover new potential cytotoxic molecules, the research effort on herbal extracts has not diminished. The aim of this review was to evaluate the chemical constituents of plants that possess cytotoxicity, the signalling pathways responsible for this effect, and the influence of solvent polarity on potential cytotoxic effect and to present the cytotoxic activity of selected herbal extracts. The polyphenolic, anthraquinon, diterpneoid, triterpenoid, flavonoid, betulinic acid and berberine content contributes to cytotoxicity of herbal extracts. The inhibitory effect on cancer cells viability could be a consequence of the non-apoptotic processes, such as cell cycle arrestment, and the apoptotic process in tumour cells through different signalling pathways. The influence of solvent polarity on potential cytotoxic effect of herbal extracts should not be ignored. In general, the best cytotoxic activity was found in nonpolar and moderately polar herbal extracts. The herbal extract with IC50 below 30 μg/ml could be considered a very strong cytotoxic agent. Considering that many antitumor drugs have been discovered from natural products, further research on plants and plant-derived chemicals may result in the discovery of potent anticancer agents.
Potential Pro-Inflammatory Role Of VEGF In Patients With Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Zdravkovic Natasa , Jovanovic Ivan , Radosavljevic Gordana , Zdravkovic Nebojsa , Mitrovic Slobodanka , Arsenijevic Nebojsa
Published: January 2016

The aim of this study was to investigate the expression patterns of p16, p53 and VEGF in affected tissue and serum levels of cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, TGF-β and IL-17 in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and fistulating Crohn’s disease (CD). Serum levels of cytokines in patients with ulcerative colitis (n=24) and with Crohn’s disease (n=7) were analysed by ELISA. In colonoscopically obtained biopsies, p16, p53 and vascular endothelial growth factor expression were evaluated by immunohistochemistry.

The results of this study clearly show the predominance of pro-inflammatory type 1 and 17 immune response in patients with CD compared to those with UC. We believe that altered p16 and p53 induce enhanced VEGF expression and implicates enhanced production of pro-inflammatory TNF-α and IL-6. TNF-α and IL-6 further facilitate development of type 1/17 immune response.
The Effects Of L-Arginine And L-Name On Coronary Flow And Oxidative Stress In Isolated Rat Hearts
Authors: Sobot Tanja , Matavulj Amela , Jakovljevic Vladimir , Nikolic Tamara , Zivkovic Vladimir , Srejovic Ivan , Jeremic Nevena , Djuric Dragan
Published: January 2016

The aim of this experimental study was to assess the effects of the acute administration of L-arginine alone and in combination with L-NAME (a non-selective NO synthase inhibitor) on the coronary flow and oxidative stress markers in isolated rat hearts. The experimental study was performed on hearts isolated from Wistar albino rats (n=12, male, 8 weeks old, body mass of 180-200 g). Retrograde perfusion of the isolated preparations was performed using a modified method according to the Langendorff technique with a gradual increase in the perfusion pressure (40–120 cmH2O). The following values were measured in the collected coronary effluents: coronary flow, released nitrites (NO production marker), superoxide anion radical and the index of lipid peroxidation (measured as thiobarbiturate reactive substances). The experimental protocol was performed under controlled conditions, followed by the administration of L-arginine alone (1 mmol) and L-arginine (1 mmol) + L-NAME (30 μmol). The results indicated that L-arginine did not significantly increase the coronary flow or the release of NO, TBARS and the superoxide anion radical. These effects were partially blocked by the joint administration of L-arginine + L-NAME, which indicated their competitive effect. Hence, the results of our study do not demonstrate significant effects of L-arginine administration on the coronary flow and oxidative stress markers in isolated rat hearts.
Early predictors and prevention for post-stroke epilepsy: changes in neurotransmitter levels
Authors: Xie Wen-Jing , Dong Ming , Liu Qun , Meng Hong-Mei
Published: January 2016

Background: The purpose of this study was to identify predictors and preventative treatments for post-stroke epilepsy (PSE). Methodology: Eighty-four patients who had suffered a cerebrovascular insult (within 72 hours) were recruited and divided into two groups: an EP group (patients with seizures after stroke) and a NEP group (patients without seizures after stroke). The NEP group was then subdivided into three groups: a control group, a GABA (γ-aminobutiric acid) group (received GABA orally), and a CCB group (received calcium channel blocker nimodipine orally). Patient groups were compared by gender, age, past medical history, stroke type, number of lesions, and position and stroke severity (using Scandinavian stroke scale, SSS). Forearm venous blood was sampled, and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to measure plasma levels of neurotransmitters and Ca2+. Patients then received 14 days of drug intervention. One month after drug withdrawal, GABA, glutamate (Glu) and Ca2+ concentrations in plasma were measured again. Results: The number of previous strokes, size of infarction, presence of multiple lesions, localization to the cortex, and SSS were statistically significant between the two groups (P < 0.05). In the EP group, the Glu concentration was greater and the Ca2+ concentration was lower than in the NEP group (P < 0.05). The results obtained after 1 month of therapy showed a reduction in Glu levels and an increase in GABA levels in the GABA group relative to the control NEP group (P < 0.05), while the CCB group showed a decrease in the concentration of Glu and an increase in the concentrations of GABA and Ca2+ relative to the NEP control group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: We identified susceptibility factors for PSE and demonstrated that GABA and calcium antagonists may have a therapeutic use in the early prevention of PSE.
Aktuelle Tendenzen des Tourismus in den österreichischen Alpen
Authors: Zimmermann Friedrich
Published: January 2016

Die folgenden Ausführungen sollen Entwick lung und Strukturen sowie wesentliche Pro blemaspekte der touristischen Nutzung im österreichischen Alpenraum Mitte der achtziger Jahre aufzeigen, die Konsequenzen und Trends in ihren regionalen Auswirkungen beleuchten und abschließend einige Strategien für eine po sitive Zukunftsentwicklung andiskutieren.
Regionaldarwinismus - Evolution von High-Tech-Regionen
Authors: Hilpert Markus
Published: January 2016

Up to now, there is very little empirical evidence to give support to the idea that certain factors lead to success of high-tech-regions. But among politicians, as well as scholars, there is an increasing consciousness that, beside the traditional location factors, cultural aspects continue to gain importance for a prospering regional development. For instance, these cultural factors comprise of smart co-operations and learning organisations. The questions remains, whether these cultural factors are crucial for the evolution of regional economies.
Wie attraktiv ist die Peripherie für Führungskräfte?
Authors: Rohr-Zänker Ruth
Published: January 2016

Peripheral and economically lagging regions are short of an adequate supply of human capital and know-how. In order to make the best use of their endogenous potential they have to be able to attract highly qualified workers from other regions. This dependency poses considerable problems; for ambitious individuals central regions are more attractive because they off er a variety of job opportunities and better career perspectives. The findings presented in this paper indicate that, as long as the Jobs offered are attractive on a national scale, there is a higher number of managers and Professionals who are willing to migrate into peripheral regions. It is the job and hardly the region that motivates a move. However, the role of culture as a location factor should not to be neglected and may even increase since interests of family members have become more important in the decision making process.
Was bleibt in der „Region“?
Authors: Bätzing Werner , Ermann Ulrich
Published: January 2016

Using the example of the district of Neumarkt (Bavaria) the different kinds of Channels of distribution and value chains existing for specific agricultural products were investigated. Only an insignificant amount of these products remains “within the region”. This has to be attributed to the fact that there are hardly any companies carrying out primary processing remaining within the district. Nevertheless, there is promising potential for an intensification of regional circulation.
New Economic Geography und Neue regionale Wachstumstheorie aus wirtschaftsgeographischer Sicht
Authors: Sternberg Rolf
Published: January 2016

The paper evaluates the New Economic Geography in the tradition of Paul Krugman and the new (regional) growth literature of Paul Romer and others of the last decade and discusses its importance for knowledge-based regional development as well as consequences for Economic Geography. Model specifications are presented and the implication for regional, i.e. subnational, growth are discussed. Although several of the new insights developed in these theories are not that new for economic geographers with basic skills in non-neoclassical economics, it is argued that regional development as a whole can profit from the current geographical turn in economics, of which the theories reviewed here are an indicator.
The Learning Region: A Fuzzy Concept or a Sound Theoretical Basis for Modern Regional Innovation Policies?
Authors: Hassink Robert
Published: January 2016

Recently the concept of learning has become very fashionable among academics from different economic disciplines. Economic geographers and spatial planners joined this fashion by increasingly speaking about the learning region. However, they attach different meanings to the concept. This points in the direction of what Markusen recently coined as fuzzy concepts. Fuzzy concepts are characterised by both lacking conceptual clarity, rigour in the presentation of evi dence and clear methodology, difficulties to operationalise and lacking policy relevance. This paper makes clear that the learning region can be considered as a fuzzy concept, when it comes to most of the above-mentioned characteristics. At the same time, however, the concept has a very strong policy relevance, increasingly empirical evidence and it provides new insights in path dependency and thus in unravelling the distinction between ‘good’ and ‘bad’ industrial agglomerations. Provided that economic geographers will work hard on improving its conceptual clarity, methodology and rigour in the presentation of evidence, the concept clearly has the potential to become a sound theoretical basis for modern regional innovation policies.
Reorganisation metropolitaner Wissenssysteme im Spannungsfeld zwischen lokalen und nicht-lokalen Anstrengungen
Authors: Schamp Eike W.
Published: January 2016

It is generally assumed that cities are focal points or hubs in processes of knowledge generation and diffusion, and, consequently, centres of regional innovation Systems. This paper questions the importance of local influences in current reorganisation processes of regional knowledge Systems by making use of the triplehelix concept on innovation processes. Using the example of four knowledge Systems in the major economic clusters of the region Frankfurt/Rhein- Main - i.e. chemical industries, automobile manufacturing, biotechnology and finance -, it is concluded that the specialisation process taking place among German metropolitan regions and the emergence of Frankfurt as a hub for market access is driven mainly by non-local forces.
Systeme bäuerlicher Wald- und Agroforstwirtschaft in Zentralamerika als potenziell nachhaltige Landnutzungsformen
Authors: Kapp Gerald
Published: January 2016

Agroforestry and small scale farm forestry systems in Central America as forms of a potentially sustainable land use: Extended deforestation has caused severe ecological and wood supply problems in Central America. Examples of natural forest management, plantation forestry, tree lines, live fences, shade trees for cocoa and coffee and silvopastoral systems are presented from Costa Rica and Panama. Information and data highlight the important economical and ecological functions of timber trees as an integral part of farm economies as well as the presently wide and growing use of such trees
Möglichkeiten und Probleme von Waldbewirtschaftung und Aufforstung in der Feuchtwaldzone der Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Mund Jan Peter , Doevenspeck Martin
Published: January 2016

Chances and problems of forest management and afforestation in the humid forest zone of the Ivory Coast: Far-reaching changes in the forestry legislation since 1994 force the timber companies in the Ivory Coast to carry out afforestation measures for and with the local population in their concession areas. By the example of one of the first pilot projects the authors analyse the execution of reforestation at a village level. From the view of pedology they discuss the restrictions of possible afforestation measures in the adjacent areas of a national park
Traditionelle und moderne Formen kleinbäuerlicher Waldrandbewirtschaftung in den Regenwäldern Sumatras
Authors: Scholz Ulrich
Published: January 2016

Traditional and modern utilization of rainforest margins by smallholders in Sumatra (Indonesia). For generations the margins of rainforests in Sumatra served as an important resource for the local farmers. However, during the last century the utilization of these areas changed fundamentally. With the spread of commercialization of agriculture shifting cultivation was more and more replaced by the cultivation of cash crops, particularly rubber and coffee. In addition to these significant economic and social changes, the process has also had remarkable ecological impacts. All in all the now practiced modern forms of land use by smallholders in the forest margins of Sumatra did not only improve the living standard of the local people but also had quite positive impacts on the natural environment.
Bewirtschaftung von tropischen Sekundärwäldern
Authors: Schmidt-Vogt Dietrich
Published: January 2016

Management of secondary tropical forests: a new perspective for sustainable use of forests in Asia. The decline of primary forests in the tropics is leading to a reassessment of the role secondary forests might play within the context of tropical forest management. Recent research has shown that secondary forests in the tropics can be both rich in species and complex in terms of stand structure. There is, moreover, a growing recognition of the importance of secondary forests for traditional subsistence economies in the tropics and of their economic potential for land use systems in the future. Management of secondary forests in Asia as an alternative to the extraction of timber from primary forests but also as one among other options to intensify traditional land use systems has a potential for the future especially because of the existence of vast tracts of valuable secondary forest cover, and because of the store of traditional knowledge that can still be found in tropical Asia.
Die Automobilindustrie in der VR China vor dem Hintergrund wirtschaftlich-gesellschaftlichen Wandels
Authors: Haas Hans-Dieter , Rehner Johannes
Published: January 2016

China´s car industry against the backdrop of socioeconomic change. The Chinese automobile industry currently is preoccupied with a distinct process of change which is characterized by the emergent liberalization and a disintegration of traditional production structures enforced by the influence of globalization. Long ranging trends in the Chinese society are thereby provoking a general alteration of value systems and consumption patterns. With reference to a regulation theory based analytical framework, the contribution in hand addresses the impacts of this profound economical, societal and political transformation on the automotive sector. In sum, a transition from a fordist system marked by state control towards a Chinese specific post-fordist mode of development is exposed.
Telekommunikation in Ostasien
Authors: Frank Rüdiger
Published: January 2016

Telecommunication in East Asia: South Korea as catalyst for regional integration? The purpose of this article is to explore the role telecommunications can play for regional integration in East Asia. The key questions are: (1) What is the relationship between the Korean way of regulating and reforming telecommunications and regional and international examples? (2) To what extent can the Korean role-model influence similar processes in the region? (3) Is South Korea interested in regional integration, and if so, why and under which conditions?
Globale Krise – regionale Gewinner?
Authors: Fromhold-Eisebith Martina , Eisebith Günter
Published: January 2016

Global crisis - regional winners? Development of IT outsourcing to less developed countries and the Indian example of Bangalore. The recent global crisis in information technology (IT) industries evokes questions how dependent IT agglomerations in less developed countries get affected. Before, leading companies of the industrialised world increasingly outsourced low value adding IT work to locations that offer low cost qualified labour. This opened development opportunities, for instance, to regions in Asia, which might now particularly suffer from the recession. Which impact has the recent IT downturn on these localities, and which (regional) factors determine whether it is negative or positive? It can be shown that regionally embedded processes of learning and collaboration, in connection with cost reductions in the industry, form the basis of Bangalore’s ability to gain from the crisis.
Offshore-Software-Entwicklung in Moskau
Authors: Papenheim Dominik
Published: January 2016

Offshore Software Development (OSD) in Moscow analysed from an evolutionary perspective. Global outsourcing of software development has created new agglomerations of offshore software companies in developing and transitional countries. The article analyses the evolution, structure, and the internal and external linkages of the Moscow agglomeration. Finally, pros and cons of the development path taken by Moscow are assessed.
Die New Economic Geography – besser als ihr Ruf
Authors: Kawka Rupert
Published: January 2016

The New Economic Geography - better than it´s reputation. Economic geography often criticizes the New Economic Geography, but it does not take into account that the core-periphery-model of 1991 is only the initial one and new developments have been taken place since then. The article presents some thoughts about the relevance of this kind of regional economic concept and indicates how economic geography can benefit from the further advancements. Thus, the New Economic Geography should not be rejected before attempts to incorporate it into economic geography have been performed and empirical tests have been made to form a final opinion.
Wirtschaftswachstum und „neuer Arbeitsmarkt“ in Deutschland
Authors: Osmanovic Armin
Published: January 2016

Economic growth and the “new labor market” in Germany. The persistent high level of unemployment in Germany is usually blamed on the country’s inflexible labor market. This article attempts to show that in Germany - as in comparable countries - employment is primarily determined by economic growth. However, the growth of the German economy has been lagging behind the European average for some time. The article briefly discusses why this has been the case. The study contradicts the widely held theory that the German labor market restricts economic growth, and instead advances the proposition that the German labor market has changed to such an extent over the past few years, that the term “new labor market” is indeed warranted. This “new labor market” is regionally differentiated, as will be shown at the hand of “Bundesländer” (Nuts I regions). In particular, differences emerge between East and West Germany, but economically successful regions (Baden-Württemberg) with low unemployment levels also differ from structurally weak regions (Lower Saxony) with regards to the “new labor market”.
Deagrarisierung und nicht-agrarische Tätigkeiten im ländlichen Tansania
Authors: Schmied Doris
Published: January 2016

Deagrarianization and non-agricultural activities in rural Tanzania. Although agriculture is still the predominant sector of the Tanzanian economy, the number of rural households relying solely on agriculture is declining noticeably. Due to the socio-economic changes in the wake of structural adjustment, the mounting dissatisfaction with agriculture as a source of income and the growing shortage of good agricultural land, rural dwellers have taken up a variety of non-agricultural activities such as trade, handicrafts, mining, services, paid employment in and near the village or elsewhere. Deagrarianization is part and parcel of a wider spatial and socio-economic differentiation process and has contributed to the increasing social tensions between the sexes, generations and village communities, rural and urban areas.