bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cancer literacy differences of basic knowledge, prevention, early detection, treatment and recovery: a cross-sectional study of urban and rural residents in Northeast China
Authors: Li Mengdan , Ni Ping , Zuo Tingting , Liu Yunyong , Zhu Bo
Published: May 2024

Background

Cancer literacy as a potential health intervention tool directly impacted the success of cancer prevention and treatment initiatives. This study aimed to evaluate the cancer literacy in Northeast China, and explore the factors contributing to urban–rural disparities.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 14 cities across Liaoning Province, China, from August to October 2021, using the multistage probability proportional to size sampling (PPS) method. The survey comprised 4,325 participants aged 15–69 and encompassed 37 core knowledge-based questions spanning five dimensions. Associations between sociodemographic factors and the cancer literacy rate were evaluated using chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regression model.

Results

The overall cancer literacy rate was 66.9% (95% CI: 65.6–68.2%). In the primary indicators, cancer literacy were highest in treatment (75.8, 95% CI: 74.2–77.4%) and early detection (68.2, 95% CI: 66.8–69.6%), followed by basic knowledge (67.2, 95% CI: 65.8–68.6%), recovery (62.6, 95% CI: 60.7–64.5%) and prevention (59.7, 95% CI: 58.2–61.3%). Regarding secondary indicators, the awareness rates regarding cancer-related risk factors (54.7, 95% CI: 52.8–56.5%) and early diagnosis of cancer (54.6, 95% CI: 52.7–56.6%) were notably inadequate. Rural participates exhibited lower cancer literacy across all dimensions compared to urban. Multi-factor analysis showed that factors such as advanced age, limited education or low household income were barriers to health literacy in rural areas.

Conclusion

Strengthening awareness concerning prevention and early detection, particularly among key populations, and bridging the urban–rural cancer literacy gap are imperative steps toward achieving the Healthy China 2030 target.
A convolutional neural network with image and numerical data to improve farming of edible crickets as a source of food—A decision support system
Authors: Kyalo Henry , Tonnang Henri E. Z. , Egonyu James P. , Olukuru John , Tanga Chrysantus M. , Senagi Kennedy
Published: May 2024

Crickets (Gryllus bimaculatus) produce sounds as a natural means to communicate and convey various behaviors and activities, including mating, feeding, aggression, distress, and more. These vocalizations are intricately linked to prevailing environmental conditions such as temperature and humidity. By accurately monitoring, identifying, and appropriately addressing these behaviors and activities, the farming and production of crickets can be enhanced. This research implemented a decision support system that leverages machine learning (ML) algorithms to decode and classify cricket songs, along with their associated key weather variables (temperature and humidity). Videos capturing cricket behavior and weather variables were recorded. From these videos, sound signals were extracted and classified such as calling, aggression, and courtship. Numerical and image features were extracted from the sound signals and combined with the weather variables. The extracted numerical features, i.e., Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC), Linear Frequency Cepstral Coefficients, and chroma, were used to train shallow (support vector machine, k-nearest neighbors, and random forest (RF)) ML algorithms. While image features, i.e., spectrograms, were used to train different state-of-the-art deep ML models, i,e., convolutional neural network architectures (ResNet152V2, VGG16, and EfficientNetB4). In the deep ML category, ResNet152V2 had the best accuracy of 99.42%. The RF algorithm had the best accuracy of 95.63% in the shallow ML category when trained with a combination of MFCC+chroma and after feature selection. In descending order of importance, the top 6 ranked features in the RF algorithm were, namely humidity, temperature, C#, mfcc11, mfcc10, and D. From the selected features, it is notable that temperature and humidity are necessary for growth and metabolic activities in insects. Moreover, the songs produced by certain cricket species naturally align to musical tones such as C# and D as ranked by the algorithm. Using this knowledge, a decision support system was built to guide farmers about the optimal temperature and humidity ranges and interpret the songs (calling, aggression, and courtship) in relation to weather variables. With this information, farmers can put in place suitable measures such as temperature regulation, humidity control, addressing aggressors, and other relevant interventions to minimize or eliminate losses and enhance cricket production.
Case Report: Treatment policy for female adolescents in the grip of chronic suicidality
Authors: Van de Koppel M. , Mérelle S. Y. M. , Stikkelbroek Y. A. J. , Van der Heijden P. T. , Spijker J. , Popma A. , Creemers D. H. M.
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Within the Dutch clinical field of specialized mental health care for youth, an increasing subgroup of female adolescents with severe chronic suicidal behavior is recognized. This group was also identified in a Dutch psychological autopsy study among 35 relatives of adolescents (aged 10–19 years old) who died by suicide. There seems to be a lack of knowledge and consensus how to treat this severe chronic suicidal behavior, resulting in stagnation of care and growing demoralization among patients, parents, and mental health care providers. The aim of this paper is to describe characteristics of the suicidal process, to identify challenges experienced in providing mental health care for this subgroup, and to formulate preliminary recommendations.

Method

A case description from the psychological autopsy study and a review of the relevant literature.

Results

The persistent suicidal threat and the resulting despair of the patient and their parents are forcing the mental health care provider into an impasse: the primary focus of treatment slowly moves to guarantee the patient's safety, which leaves the treatment of underlying problems underexposed. Due to the chronicity of the suicidal ideation and behavior in a phase in which identity formation and developing cognitive and emotional regulation skills are important developmental tasks, we identify a risk of developing a suicidal identity.

Discussion

Based on expert knowledge, we make recommendations on (1) treating suicidality as a transdiagnostic phenomenon with its own meaning and function, (2) implementing treatment considerations promoting the autonomy, (3) aiming at continuity of care and prevention of repeated patient referrals by creating a multidisciplinary network of care providers, and (4) making chronic suicidality tolerable for the care provider.

Conclusion

We propose preliminary practical recommendations in our quest for optimal mental health care for chronically suicidal adolescents.
Hope as experienced by people with acquired brain injury in a rehabilitation—or recovery process: a qualitative systematic review and thematic synthesis
Authors: Højgaard Nejst Camilla , Glintborg Chalotte
Published: May 2024

Background

There has been an increasing interest in the concept of hope within the field of brain injury rehabilitation. Existing reviews have nevertheless focused on stroke, leaving out the broad population of people with acquired brain injury (ABI). Furthermore a majority of the included studies in those reviews excluded the subgroup of people with communication difficulties, thus primarily giving voice to a select group of people with ABI.

Methods

A qualitative systematic review was conducted with the purpose of systematically reviewing and thematically synthesise findings about hope as experienced by adults with ABI in a rehabilitation or recovery process. The search strategy included peer-reviewed qualitative studies published after 2000 in English or Scandinavian languages. Searches of EBSCO databases incorporating CINAHL, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO were conducted together with SocINDEX, Social Work Abstracts, Eric and Web of Science. Ten qualitative studies were included, and the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) was used for assessing the quality and relevance of the ten studies. Qualitative findings were synthesized using Thomas and Harden's methodology.

Results

Through a thematic synthesis eleven subthemes were identified relating to experiences of hope. These were grouped into four analytical themes: (1) hope a two folded phenomenon; (2) time and temporality; (3) progress, goals and visibility and (4) the alliance; a balancing act requiring good communication skills.

Conclusion

This review has shown that even though hope has both a positive and negative side to it, it is necessary as a driving force for people with ABI in terms of supporting them to keep going and not give up. Rehabilitation professionals are advised to embrace the ambiguity of hope, customizing the support of hope to each person with ABI. Attention is needed on how to make progress visible for persons with ABI during their rehabilitation process just as rehabilitation professionals should acknowledge the alliance with the person with ABI as a core component of rehabilitation. This requires a focus on professionals' communication skills if hope promoting relationships between professionals and persons with ABI are to be achieved.
Well-designed manufacturing work improves some cognitive abilities in individuals with cognitive impairments
Authors: Banta Lavenex Pamela , Blandin Marie-Laure , Gaborieau Caroline , Lavenex Pierre
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Employment is recognized as a fundamental human right, which correlates with better physical and mental health. Importantly, well-designed work, which considers the physical, social, and psychological impacts of work, can serve to enhance the cognitive abilities of workers. Although often overlooked, work for individuals with disabilities, including cognitive impairments, is equally important for their physical and mental well-being. What has not been established, however, is whether well-designed work can also enhance the cognitive abilities of individuals with cognitive impairments.

Methods

Using a longitudinal study design, we investigated the impact of well-designed work on the cognitive abilities of 60 participants (operators) at the AMIPI Foundation factories, which employ individuals with cognitive impairments to produce electrical cables and harnesses for the automobile industry. The same operators were assessed at three different time points: upon hiring (n = 60), and after working in the factory for 1 year (n = 41, since 19 left the factory) and 2 years (n = 28, since 13 more left the factory). We used five cognitive tests evaluating: (1) finger and manual dexterity, bimanual dexterity, and procedural memory using the Purdue Pegboard; (2) sustained and selective attention using the Symbol Cancellation Task; (3) short- and long-term declarative verbal memory and long-term verbal recognition memory using Rey's Audio-Verbal Learning Test; (4) short- and long-term visual recognition memory using the Continuous Visual Memory Test; and (5) abstract reasoning using Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices.

Results

We observed improvements in procedural memory, sustained and selective attention, and short- and long-term visual recognition memory after working in the factory for 1 or 2 years. We did not observe improvements in finger or manual dexterity or bimanual dexterity, nor short- or long-term declarative verbal memory or verbal recognition memory, nor abstract reasoning.

Discussion

We conclude that, in addition to improving physical and mental well-being, well-designed manufacturing work can serve as a training intervention improving some types of cognitive functioning in individuals with cognitive impairments.
Omega-3 long chain highly unsaturated fatty acid content in tissue correlates with escape response efficiency in golden gray mullet
Authors: Vagner Marie , Ducos Salomé , Graziano Nicolas , Le Grand Fabienne , Bideau Antoine , Dubillot Emmanuel , Lefrançois Christel
Published: May 2024

Omega-3 long-chain highly unsaturated fatty acids (n-3 HUFA) are poorly synthesized de novo by marine fish, but are necessary to maintain their metabolic and physiological performance. Consequently, fish must find them in their diet. However, the availability of these lipid compounds is predicted to decrease in relation to global changes in ocean waters. The aim of this study was to experimentally determine the effects of an n-3 HUFA-deficient diet on the escape performance of Chelon auratus, a microphytobenthos grazer of high ecological importance. Fish were fed either a standard n-3 HUFA diet or an n-3 HUFA-deficient diet for 2 months. At the end of this conditioning period, several variables (latency, responsiveness, initial direction of escape, response duration, distance covered, maximum acceleration and velocity, and turning rate) related to escape performance were characterized in the tested fish. The results showed that a lower dietary n-3 HUFA content caused a significant reduction in the proportion of these fatty acids in fish muscle, both in membranes and in reserves. While the FA composition of the brain also reflected that of the diet in reserves, the membrane fatty acid composition of the brain remained similar between the two dietary groups, suggesting the preservation of neural and cognitive functions of the fish. Neither growth rate nor escape response variables were significantly different between the two diets. However, some escape response variables (e.g., latency, duration, maximum velocity and acceleration, and turning rate) were highly correlated with fish n-3 HUFA content in brain or muscle, and these correlations were tissue specific. While response duration and latency seemed to be more correlated with n-3 HUFA content in the brain membrane, other escape response variables such as turning rate, maximum velocity, cumulative distance, and maximum acceleration seemed to be correlated with n-3 HUFA content in the lipid reserve, both in the brain and in the muscle. Our results indicate that the reduction of n-3 HUFA in the dietary sources of marine fish appears to reduce the performance of the escape response, suggesting some impact of n-3 HUFA dietary changes with global change on predator-prey relationships within the marine ecosystem.
Quantifying lumbar sagittal plane kinematics using a wrist-worn inertial measurement unit
Authors: Liew Bernard X. W. , Crisafulli Oscar , Evans David W.
Published: May 2024

Wearable sensors like inertial measurement units (IMUs), and those available as smartphone or smartwatch applications, are increasingly used to quantify lumbar mobility. Currently, wearable sensors have to be placed on the back to measure lumbar mobility, meaning it cannot be used in unsupervised environments. This study aims to compare lumbar sagittal plane angles quantified from a wrist-worn against that of a lumbar-worn sensor. Twenty healthy participants were recruited. An IMU was placed on the right wrist and the L3 spinal level. Participants had to position their right forearm on their abdomen, parallel to the floor. Three sets of three consecutive repetitions of flexion, and extension were formed. Linear mixed models were performed to quantify the effect of region (lumbar vs. wrist) on six outcomes [minimum, maximum, range of motion (ROM) of flexion and extension]. Only flexion ROM was significantly different between the wrist and lumbar sensors, with a mean of 4.54° (95% CI = 1.82°–7.27°). Across all outcomes, the maximal difference between a wrist-worn and lumbar-worn sensor was <8°. A wrist-worn IMU sensor could be used to measure gross lumbar sagittal plane mobility in place of a lumbar-worn IMU. This may be useful for remote monitoring during rehabilitation.
Improving Indigenous Food Sovereignty through sustainable food production: a narrative review
Authors: Rowe Sarah , Brady Catherine , Sarang Rhea , Wiipongwii Troy , Leu Matthias , Jennings Lydia , Peterson Tomalita , Boston Juan , Roach Beth , Phillips Jessica , Conrad Zach
Published: May 2024

Indigenous communities in the United States (US) face substantial challenges including health disparities, food insecurity, and cultural disconnection. The Indigenous Food Sovereignty (IFS) movement seeks to address these hurdles through the restoration of traditional foodways in balance with the natural environment. Initiatives aimed at enhancing IFS have proliferated across the US in recent years and are receiving increasing attention from the federal government. While increasing community food production is an important component of IFS, initiatives centered around this goal have received relatively little attention in the literature. A better understanding of current efforts will elucidate the factors underlying their successes and challenges, supporting the development of effective future initiatives. This review characterizes IFS food production initiatives in the US and identifies topics for further research.
Impacts of black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens, larval frass on lettuce and arugula production
Authors: Chavez Maria Y. , Uchanski Mark , Tomberlin Jeffery K.
Published: May 2024

There are many benefits to producing insects for food and feed; they require fewer resources to produce, process, and distribute. The digested and undigested waste along with insect feces (i.e., frass) from the mass production of insects can be considerable. Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) digestion of organic residue produces frass that is high in macronutrients that are desirable for plants, potentially serving as a partial replacement for fertilizer or growing media, such as peat. Arugula and lettuce were grown in greenhouse pot studies with treatments comprised of BSFL frass (BSF), vermicompost (VC), and peat, and compared to a 100% peat control (CP). Yield, productivity, greenness, and tissue nutrient concentrations were measured. Arugula and lettuce produced the highest fresh weight and dry weight in the BSFL treatments. Primary macronutrients (N, P, K) and Mg in both crops were also highest in the BSFL treatments. Secondary macronutrients (Ca, Mg, S) and micronutrients produced more variable results (B, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn). Lettuce produced larger yields but had much lower concentrations of nutrients compared to arugula. In small amounts, 10–20%, BSFL frass can serve as a good replacement for peat in leafy green crops. It is an especially beneficial way to recycle organic side streams in different industries and reduce waste production overall.
Advancing treatment for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma: role of hepatopancreaticoduodenectomy in small-volume centers
Authors: Shin Sang Yun , Jang Eun Jeong , Kang Sung Hwa , Park Eun Hwa , Kim Kwan Woo
Published: May 2024

Hepatopancreaticoduodenectomy (HPD) is a controversial surgical technique for the treatment of perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. This study aimed to clarify the mortality, morbidity, and survival outcomes in patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma who underwent HPD at a small-volume hepatobiliary-pancreatic center. This retrospective study included 78 patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma who underwent HPD (n = 18) or major liver resection with bile duct resection (n = 60) at our center between October 2013 and December 2022. The primary endpoints were the in-hospital morbidity and 90-day mortality rates. The secondary endpoints included the recurrence-free and overall survival rates in both groups. Major complications (Clavien–Dindo grade ≥3) were more common in the HPD group (Group 1, 61.1%) than in the major liver resection group (Group 2; 23.3%, p = 0.03). The 1-, 3- and 5-year overall survival rates for Groups 1 and 2 were 66.7%, 41.7%, and 27.8% and 79.9%, 44.5%, and 22.7%, respectively (p = 0.89). The 1-, 3-, and 5-year recurrence-free survival rates for Groups 1 and 2 were 64.2%, 53.5%, and 35.6% and 85.3%, 46.8%, and 25.0%, respectively (p = 0.41). Although morbidity and mortality after HPD are higher than those after other surgeries, our findings suggest that HPD is a feasible treatment option for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma, even in small-volume centers. However, meticulous pre- and perioperative evaluation of the patient's overall health status, quality of life, and prospective advantages are required.
Research on the Population Flow and Mixing Characteristics of Pelleted Vegetable Seeds Based on the Bonded-Particle Model
Authors: Xu Jian , Sun Shunli , Li Xiaoting , Zeng Zhiheng , Han Chongyang , Tang Ting , Wu Weibin
Published: May 2024

In order to precisely reproduce the precise seeding process of the population in the air-suction seed-metering device, it is necessary to execute accurate modeling of seed particles using the bonded-particle model, in combination with the discrete element method (DEM) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Through the repose angle, slope screening, rotating container, and particle sedimentation experiments, in this paper, the influence of the filling accuracy of the bonded-particle model on the flow behavior and mixing characteristics of the seed population was first explored based on EDEM software. The viability of the suggested modeling approach for pelleted vegetable seeds, as described in this study, was confirmed by comparing experimental and simulation outcomes. The surface roughness values obtained from the studies above were utilized to assess the accuracy of the bonded-particle model in filling. Additionally, a mathematical technique for determining the surface roughness was provided. Furthermore, an analysis of the multiple contacts in the bonded-particle model was also performed. The results indicated that the simulation results closely matched the experimental data when the number of sub-spheres in the bonded-particle model was equal to or more than 70, as measured by the standard deviation. In addition, the most optimal modeling scheme for the pelletized vegetable seed bonded-particles, based on the cost of coupling simulation, was found to be the bonded-particle surface roughness (BS) with a value of 0.1. Ultimately, a practical example was utilized to demonstrate the utilization of the pelleted vegetable seed bonded-particle model and the DEM-CFD coupling approach in analyzing the accuracy of the seeding process in the air-suction seed-metering device. This example will serve as a valuable reference point for future field studies.
Oilseed Radish: Nitrogen and Sulfur Management Strategies for Seed Yield and Quality—A Case Study in Poland
Authors: Szatkowski Artur , Antoszkiewicz Zofia , Purwin Cezary , Jankowski Krzysztof Józef
Published: May 2024

Nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) fertilization significantly affect seed yield and quality in Brassica oilseed crops. The effect of N and S management on the crop parameters (plant height, stem-base diameter, and number of branches), yield (seed yield components, seed and straw yields, harvest index—HI), and the quality of the seeds and oil (crude fat—CF, total protein—TP, crude fiber—CFR, fatty acids profile—FA, acid detergent fiber; and neutral detergent fiber) of oilseed radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. oleiformis Pers.) was analyzed in the study. The effect of N and S fertilization was evaluated in a field experiment in Bałcyny (north-eastern Poland) in 2020–2022. The experiment had a split-plot design with two factors and three replications. The first factor was the N rate (0, 30, 60, 90, 120 kg ha−1) and the second factor was the S rate (0, 15, 30 kg ha−1). Nitrogen fertilization stimulated stem elongation and branching. The average oilseed radish (OSR) seed yield ranged from 0.59 to 1.15–1.25 Mg ha−1. Seed yields increased significantly, up to 90 kg N ha−1 and 15 kg S ha−1. The N fertilizer use efficiency (NFUE) of OSR decreased with a rise in the N rate (from 4.22 to 2.19 kg of seeds per 1 kg N). The application of S did not increase NFUE. The HI ranged from 10% (0–30 kg N ha−1) to 12% (60 kg N ha−1). The contents of CF, TP, and CFR in OSR seeds (kg−1 dry matter—DM) were 383–384 g, 244–249 g, and 97–103 g, respectively. Nitrogen fertilization decreased the CF content (by 5%) and increased the contents of TP (by 5%) and CFR (by 16%) in OSR seeds. Sulfur fertilizer applied at 30 kg ha−1 decreased the CF content (by 2%), but it did not alter the content of TP or CFR. Oilseed radish oil contained 68–70% of monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs) (erucic acid accounted for 2/3 of the total MUFAs), 24–25% of polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs), and 6–8% of saturated FAs (SFAs). Nitrogen fertilization increased the proportions of SFAs and PUFAs in OSR oil. Nitrogen rates of 60–90 kg ha−1 increased the contents of alpha-tocopherol (α-T), beta-tocopherol (β-T), and gamma-tocopherol (γ-T) in OSR seeds by 32%, 40%, and 27%, respectively. Sulfur fertilization increased the content of PUFAs and decreased the content of MUFAs in OSR oil, while it increased the contents of α-T (by 15%) and γ-T (by 19%) in OSR seeds. Proper N and S management in OSR cultivation can improve crop productivity and the processing suitability of seeds.
Microbial Biomass and Rhizosphere Soil Properties in Response to Heavy Metal-Contaminated Flooding
Authors: Szili-Kovács Tibor , Takács Tünde
Published: May 2024

Mining and metallurgy are the main sources of soil contamination with harmful metals, posing a significant threat to human health and ecosystems. River floodplains in the vicinity of metal mines or industrial plants are often subject to flooding with sediments containing heavy metals, which can be harmful to the soil ecosystem. This study aimed to investigate the microbial properties of the soil at a metal-contaminated site and to determine the significant relationships between the biological and chemical properties of the soil. The study site was located near the village of Gyöngyösoroszi, in the Mátra mountain region of Northwest Hungary. A phytoremediation experiment was conducted in a metal-polluted floodplain using willow and corn plantations. The soil basal respiration, substrate-induced respiration, soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC), acid phosphatase activities, and soil chemical properties were measured. The soil of the contaminated sites had significantly higher levels of As, Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd, and Ca, whereas the unpolluted sites had significantly higher levels of phosphorus and potassium. The substrate-induced respiration showed a positive correlation with MBC and negative correlations with the metabolic quotient (qCO2). The soil plasticity index and phosphorus showed a positive correlation with MBC, whereas salinity and the presence of Cd, Pb, Zn, As, and Cu showed a negative correlation. Acid phosphomonoesterase activity negatively correlated with the plant-available phosphorus content and MBC, but was positively correlated with the contents of toxic elements, including cadmium, lead, zinc, arsenic, and copper. This study found a significant correlation between the qCO2 and the toxic element content. This suggests that an enhanced metabolic quotient (qCO2), together with a decreased MBC/SOC ratio, could be used to indicate the harmful effect of soil contamination by heavy metals in floodplain soils.
Effects of Gabapentin on the Treatment of Behavioral Disorders in Dogs: A Retrospective Evaluation
Authors: Kirby-Madden Taylor , Waring Caitlin T. , Herron Meghan
Published: May 2024

The use of gabapentin in treating dogs with behavioral disorders is not well described. To characterize behavioral effects of gabapentin, this study surveyed 50 owners whose dogs were prescribed gabapentin at a veterinary behavior-focused practice over a five-year period. Most owners (72%) reported that gabapentin was moderately or very effective at improving their dog’s behavior. The majority of owners reported at least one side effect (70%), with sedation being the most common. Sedation was more likely to be seen at doses higher than 30 mg/kg. Specific dose ranges (mg/kg) did not correlate with any other reports of side effects nor effectiveness. Dogs with a diagnosis of conflict-related aggression were more likely to have owners report that gabapentin was effective at improving behavior compared to dogs with other behavioral diagnoses (p = 0.04), while dogs diagnosed with aggression secondary to high arousal were less likely to have owners report that gabapentin was effective (p = 0.01). Overall, reports of effect varied widely and, with the exception of sedation, did not correlate with specific mg/kg dose ranges. Results suggest that some dogs may be more sensitive or resistant to adverse and/or therapeutic effects than others and multiple dosage trials may be needed before finding the best fit.
Antibiotic Use in Communities
Authors: Lajunen Timo J.
Published: May 2024

Since their discovery and clinical introduction in the 1930s–1940s, penicillin and sulphonamides have had a profound impact on public health [...]
One- vs. Two-Stage Revision for Periprosthetic Shoulder Infections: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Bdeir Mohamad , Lerchl Aimée , Hetjens Svetlana , Schilder Andreas , Gravius Sascha , Baumgärtner Tobias , Darwich Ali
Published: May 2024

Periprosthetic shoulder infection (PSI) remains a challenging complication after shoulder arthroplasty. Therapeutic options include one- or two-stage revision, irrigation and debridement, and resection arthroplasty. With our systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to compare one- and two-stage revisions for periprosthetic shoulder joint infections and determine the most appropriate therapeutic procedure. We performed an extensive literature search in PubMed, Ovid Medline, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and CINAHL and filtered out all relevant studies. The meta-analysis was performed using the random-effects model, heterogeneity was analyzed using I2, and publication bias was assessed using the Egger’s test. A total of 8 studies with one-stage revisions, 36 studies with two-stage revisions, and 12 studies with both one-stage and two-stage revisions were included. According to the random-effects model, the reinfection rate for the entirety of the studies was 12.3% (95% Cl: 9.6–15.3), with a low-to-moderate heterogeneity of I2 = 47.72%. The reinfection rate of the one-stage revisions was 10.9%, which was significantly lower than the reinfection rate of the two-stage revisions, which was 12.93% (p = 0.0062). The one-stage revision rate was significantly lower with 1.16 vs. 2.25 revisions in the two-stage revision group (p < 0.0001). The postoperative functional outcome in one-stage-revised patients was comparable but not statistically significant (p = 0.1523). In one- and two-stage revisions, most infections were caused by Cutibacterium acnes. In summary, our systematic review and meta-analysis show the superiority of single-stage revision regarding reinfection and revision rates in periprosthetic shoulder joint infection.
The Activity of YCA1 Metacaspase Is Regulated by Reactive Sulfane Sulfur via Persulfidation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Wang Qingda , Zhang Xiaokun , Du Zhuang , Liu Honglei , Xia Yongzhen , Xun Luying , Liu Huaiwei
Published: May 2024

YCA1, the only metacaspase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, plays important roles in the regulation of chronological lifespan, apoptosis, and cytokinesis. YCA1 has protein hydrolase activity and functions by cleaving itself and target proteins. However, there are few reports about the regulation of YCA1 activity. In this study, we observed that reactive sulfane sulfur (RSS) can inhibit the activity of YCA1. In vitro experiments demonstrated that RSS reacted with the Cys276 of YCA1, the residue central to its protein hydrolase activity, to form a persulfidation modification (protein-SSH). This modification inhibited both its self-cleavage and the cleavage of its substrate protein, BIR1. To investigate further, we constructed a low-endogenous-RSS mutant of S. cerevisiae, BY4742 Δcys3, in which the RSS-producing enzyme cystathionine-γ-lyase (CYS3) was knocked out. The activity of YCA1 was significantly increased by the deletion of CYS3. Moreover, increased YCA1 activity led to reduced chronological lifespan (CLS) and CLS-driven apoptosis. This study unveils the first endogenous factor that regulates YCA1 activity, introduces a novel mechanism of how yeast cells regulate chronological lifespan, and broadens our understanding of the multifaceted roles played by RSS.
Diabetic Retinopathy: New Treatment Approaches Targeting Redox and Immune Mechanisms
Authors: Tang Qi , Buonfiglio Francesco , Böhm Elsa Wilma , Zhang Liyu , Pfeiffer Norbert , Korb Christina A. , Gericke Adrian
Published: May 2024

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) represents a severe complication of diabetes mellitus, characterized by irreversible visual impairment resulting from microvascular abnormalities. Since the global prevalence of diabetes continues to escalate, DR has emerged as a prominent area of research interest. The development and progression of DR encompass a complex interplay of pathological and physiological mechanisms, such as high glucose-induced oxidative stress, immune responses, vascular endothelial dysfunction, as well as damage to retinal neurons. Recent years have unveiled the involvement of genomic and epigenetic factors in the formation of DR mechanisms. At present, extensive research explores the potential of biomarkers such as cytokines, molecular and cell therapies, antioxidant interventions, and gene therapy for DR treatment. Notably, certain drugs, such as anti-VEGF agents, antioxidants, inhibitors of inflammatory responses, and protein kinase C (PKC)-β inhibitors, have demonstrated promising outcomes in clinical trials. Within this context, this review article aims to introduce the recent molecular research on DR and highlight the current progress in the field, with a particular focus on the emerging and experimental treatment strategies targeting the immune and redox signaling pathways.
Bioactive Compounds Protect Mammalian Reproductive Cells from Xenobiotics and Heat Stress-Induced Oxidative Distress via Nrf2 Signaling Activation: A Narrative Review
Authors: Khan Muhammad Zahoor , Khan Adnan , Huang Bingjian , Wei Ren , Kou Xiyan , Wang Xinrui , Chen Wenting , Li Liangliang , Zahoor Muhammad , Wang Changfa
Published: May 2024

Oxidative stress occurs when there is an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the body’s antioxidant defenses. It poses a significant threat to the physiological function of reproductive cells. Factors such as xenobiotics and heat can worsen this stress, leading to cellular damage and apoptosis, ultimately decreasing reproductive efficiency. The nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway plays a crucial role in defending against oxidative stress and protecting reproductive cells via enhancing antioxidant responses. Dysregulation of Nrf2 signaling has been associated with infertility and suboptimal reproductive performance in mammals. Recent advancements in therapeutic interventions have underscored the critical role of Nrf2 in mitigating oxidative damage and restoring the functional integrity of reproductive cells. In this narrative review, we delineate the harmful effects of heat and xenobiotic-induced oxidative stress on reproductive cells and explain how Nrf2 signaling provides protection against these challenges. Recent studies have shown that activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway using various bioactive compounds can ameliorate heat stress and xenobiotic-induced oxidative distress and apoptosis in mammalian reproductive cells. By comprehensively analyzing the existing literature, we propose Nrf2 as a key therapeutic target for mitigating oxidative damage and apoptosis in reproductive cells caused by exposure to xenobiotic exposure and heat stress. Additionally, based on the synthesis of these findings, we discuss the potential of therapies focused on the Nrf2 signaling pathway to improve mammalian reproductive efficiency.
Anti-Aging Potential of the Two Major Flavonoids Occurring in Asian Water Lily Using In Vitro and In Silico Molecular Modeling Assessments
Authors: Nutho Bodee , Tungmunnithum Duangjai
Published: May 2024

Our previous study investigated the major flavonoids and antioxidant potential of Asian water lily (Nymphaea lotus L., family Nymphaeaceae) stamens and perianth extracts. Quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside (Que-3-Rha) and kaempferol-3-O-galactoside (Kae-3-Gal) were reported as the two most prominent flavonoids found in these extracts. Many flavonoids have been reported on the skin anti-aging effect that are useful for cosmeceutical/phytopharmaceutical application. However, Que-3-Rha and Kae-3-Gal occurring in this medicinal plant have not yet been evaluated for their ability to inhibit skin-aging enzymes. Therefore, this study aimed (1) to assess the enzyme inhibitory activity of Que-3-Rha and Kae-3-Gal, and (2) to conduct molecular modeling of these compounds against critical enzymes involved in skin aging such as collagenase, elastase, and tyrosinase. In vitro enzymatic assays demonstrated that both of the two most prominent flavonoids exhibited moderate to good inhibitory activity toward these enzymes. These experimental findings were supported by molecular docking analysis, which indicated that Que-3-Rha and Kae-3-Gal showed superior binding affinity to the target enzymes compared to the positive controls. Additionally, computational predictions suggested favorable skin permeability and no severe toxicity for both compounds. The results from molecular dynamic (MD) simulation revealed that all the complexes remained stable during the 200 ns MD simulation. Structural analyses and binding free energy calculations also supported the inhibitory potential of these two flavonoids against skin-aging enzymes. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into the anti-aging potential of the two major flavonoids occurring in this medicinal plant, paving the way for further development of cosmeceutical/phytopharmaceutical products targeting skin aging.
Dendrobium nobile Polysaccharide Attenuates Blue Light-Induced Injury in Retinal Cells and In Vivo in Drosophila
Authors: Hsu Wei-Hsiang , Sangkhathat Chanikan , Lu Mei-Kuang , Lin Wei-Yong , Liu Hsin-Ping , Lin Yun-Lian
Published: May 2024

Blue light is the higher-energy region of the visible spectrum. Excessive exposure to blue light is known to induce oxidative stress and is harmful to the eyes. The stems of Dendrobium nobile Lindl. (Orchidaceae), named Jinchaishihu, have long been used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for nourishing yin, clearing heat, and brightening the eyes. The polysaccharide is one of the major components in D. nobile. However, the effect on ocular cells remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether the polysaccharide from D. nobile can protect the eyes from blue light-induced injury. A crude (DN-P) and a partially purified polysaccharide (DN-PP) from D. nobile were evaluated for their protective effects on blue light-induced damage in ARPE-19 and 661W cells. The in vivo study investigated the electroretinographic response and the expression of phototransduction-related genes in the retinas of a Drosophila model. The results showed that DN-P and DN-PP could improve blue light-induced damage in ARPE-19 and 661W cells, including cell viability, antioxidant activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS)/superoxide production, and reverse opsin 3 protein expression in a concentration-dependent manner. The in vivo study indicated that DN-P could alleviate eye damage and reverse the expression of phototransduction-related genes, including ninaE, norpA, Gαq, Gβ76C, Gγ30A, TRP, and TRPL, in a dose-dependent manner in blue light-exposed Drosophila. In conclusion, this is the first report demonstrating that D. nobile polysaccharide pretreatment can protect retinal cells and retinal photoreceptors from blue light-induced damage. These results provide supporting evidence for the beneficial potential of D. nobile in preventing blue light-induced eye damage and improving eyesight.
A Novel Aerodynamic Modeling Method Based on Data for Tiltrotor evtol
Authors: Wang Haiyang , Li Peng , Wu Dongsu
Published: May 2024

A data-driven aerodynamic modeling method is proposed to address the problem that traditional modeling methods based on physical mechanisms cannot fully represent the special aerodynamic characteristics of tiltrotor evtol aircraft. By analyzing the uniquely complex aerodynamic characteristics of electric vertical take-off and landing (evtol) aircraft, an MLP neural network model has been constructed that reflects the coupling characteristics between influencing factors. Using the XV15 wind tunnel test data, a dataset was constructed, and the neural network model was trained and validated. Simulation results show that the selected data-driven method can accurately predict the aerodynamic characteristics of the longitudinal transition phase of the tiltrotor evtol.
Load-Bearing Performance of a Reinforced Fill Structure with Pile Penetration
Authors: Ma Qiang , Yu Hanlong , Yang Yicong , Xi Lei
Published: May 2024

Reinforcement soil slope with pile penetration is a new load bearing structure, which has a complex working mechanism, but few studies have been carried out. This paper aims to investigate the stability characteristics of this structure using model tests. The study investigates the lateral displacement and-pile bending moment caused by vertical loads and evaluates the influence of different factors, including the structure type (such as pile, cap of pile, and reinforcement material), number of reinforcing layers, spacing of reinforcement material, pile length, and slope rate on the load-carrying capacity of the pile penetration fill-reinforced load-bearing structure. The findings suggest that within a certain range, increasing the pile length and number of reinforcing layers, the limiting effect of the pile on the lateral displacement in the middle and at the bottom of the slope of the pile-penetrating reinforced structure is enhanced, which can reduce the extreme value of the bending moment and make the distribution of the bending moment of the pile more reasonable. The lateral limiting effect on the soil body can be maximized by appropriate reinforcement spacing. Within a certain range, the slope rate is reduced, which can reduce the extreme value of the bending moment, make the bending moment distribution of the pile more reasonable, and avoid the phenomenon of the localized force concentration of the pile.
Effect of Jointed Rock Mass on Seismic Response of Metro Station Tunnel-Group Structures
Authors: Li Ruozhou , Yuan Yong
Published: May 2024

A jointed rock mass (JRM) is the usual case in practical engineering, which has significant effects on its mechanical performance. To clarify the difference in the seismic responses of underground structures in JRM sites or homogeneous rock mass (HRM) sites, two models were prepared to take shaking table tests in a structural laboratory. The HRM site was prepared following the similitude relations of material; meanwhile, underground structures of a metro station were embedded during the casting of the models. The JRM site and structure were made with the same material but produced random joints after the natural drying process. Different frequencies of harmonics were used to excite along the two models in the transverse or the longitudinal direction, respectively. The dynamic effect was evaluated by time-frequency and frequency-domain analyses. The test results compared with the HRM model indicated that the JRM model had a 22% reduction in the transverse fundamental frequency, but the dynamic response of the ground surface was enhanced due to the effect of the joints. Under harmonic excitations of the same intensity, the JRM model produced a greater energy response to the station structure and reduced the acceleration response of the platform in the high-frequency region. Meanwhile, the JRM model produced a peak tensile strain at the connections of the main and subsidiary structures that was 31% larger than that of the HRM model, and the range of tensile strains observed at the platform connecting the horizontal passage was 1.5 times larger than that of the HRM model.
Comparative Study of the Sprint Start Biomechanics of Men’s 100 m Athletes of Different Levels
Authors: Li Zhao , Peng Yan , Li Qing
Published: May 2024

Background: This study sought to investigate the kinematic and kinetic differences in sprint start between high-level and medium-level sprinters. Methods: Twenty male sprinters were dichotomized according to their personal 100 m performance. Each sprinter performed three block starts. Six high-speed cameras were used for 2D kinematic analysis, and kinematic and dynamic forces were determined by Kisprint. Results: There was no significant differences between high-level and medium-level athletes in the antero-posterior distance of two blocks, block inclination, reaction time, push time, and the joint angle of set position (p > 0.05). The ankle angle of the front leg and swinging leg at the time of front leg exit were significantly greater in high-level athletes than in medium-level athletes (p < 0.05). The vertical RFD (rate of force development) and RFD of high-level athletes were significantly lower than that of medium-level athletes (p < 0.05). The relative maximum horizontal force generated by the front leg of high-level athletes was significantly larger than that of medium-level athletes (p < 0.05), and the maximum vertical force of the rear leg was significantly lower than that of medium-level athletes (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Our finding shows that the start kinematics of high-level sprinters is characterized by a greater ankle angle of the swinging leg and front support leg at the front block exit. High-level sprinters generate greater maximum horizontal force in the front block and smaller maximum vertical force in the rear block.
Enhancing Field Multiplication in IoT Nodes with Limited Resources: A Low-Complexity Systolic Array Solution
Authors: Ibrahim Atef , Gebali Fayez
Published: May 2024

Security and privacy concerns pose significant obstacles to the widespread adoption of IoT technology. One potential solution to address these concerns is the implementation of cryptographic protocols on resource-constrained IoT edge nodes. However, the limited resources available on these nodes make it challenging to effectively deploy such protocols. In cryptographic systems, finite-field multiplication plays a pivotal role, with its efficiency directly impacting overall performance. To tackle these challenges, we propose an innovative and compact bit-serial systolic layout specifically designed for Montgomery multiplication in the binary-extended field. This novel multiplier structure boasts regular cell architectures and localized communication connections, making it particularly well suited for VLSI implementation. Through a comprehensive complexity analysis, our suggested design demonstrates significant improvements in both area and area–time complexities when compared to existing competitive bit-serial multiplier structures. This makes it an ideal choice for cryptographic systems operating under strict area utilization constraints, such as resource-constrained IoT nodes and tiny embedded devices.