bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Marine broadband technology: History and remaining challenges from an end-user perspective
Authors: Reilly Joseph M.
Published: March 2016

Broadband marine seismic data is evolving as the new standard in petroleum geoscience. Much of the dialogue to date has been focused on the seismic acquisition systems and deghosting aspects of this technology. The first requirement of any broadband project should be to “do not harm.” This is especially true in the acquisition arena, since the penalty for deficient data is significant. A reasonable objective would be to demonstrate equal, or better, data quality than conventional “high-resolution” shallow-tow surveys, increased operational efficiency, and overall improved signal/noise compared to processing-only-based broadband solutions. It is probably not a reasonable expectation that a single acquisition system always will provide more value/cost benefit than alternative options. A simple metric for the effectiveness of any broadband technique is demonstration that better results can be achieved over more conventional processing flows. An understanding of data fidelity and signal attenuation (Q) is essential in generating the most usable end products. Key criteria for successful final deliverables include a well-balanced spectrum not suffering from resolution loss or excessive noise and minimal artifacts from the deghosting process. It is important to continue the rigorous debate over which specific implementation results in the best solution for a specific situation. A clear understanding of end-user expectations and workflows is essential in achieving this goal.
Causes and deterrent of SWF in deep water of Mississippi prodelta areas
Authors: Shaker Selim Simon
Published: March 2016

Shallow water flow (SWF) represents a costly drilling challenge in deep water. Establishing the differential pressure between the sand and the shale beds is the main objective. This is because most of the SWFs take place while penetrating the shale-sand boundaries. During compaction, sand's formation water influxes rapidly upward, whereas shale's dewatering is very sluggish. The differential pressure (ΔP) value ranges from 670 psi (1.2 ppg) to 50 psi (0.2 ppg) at variable depths. All ΔP's show high values at depth between 1000 ft and 3000 ft below mudline at any water depth, which is where most SWF takes place. ΔP noticeably increases near the mudline at greater water depth and can be the reason for the occasional conductor and wellhead sinking in the extra-deep water. Choosing correct mud-up values (ΔP) at depth is essential to combat SWF and avoid loss of circulation. The safe mud weight is calculated at different water depth and below the mudline depth. Algorithm and tabulations are systematically presented. Case histories from the Gulf of Mexico, where the upper Pleistocene-recent depositional fan was and is still active, are utilized.
Unbiased AVO crossplotting?
Authors: Ross Christopher P.
Published: March 2016

AVO crossplotting of intercept and gradient attributes has been a mainstay of AVO interpretation and analysis for more than two decades. In binary sand-shale settings, the viability of a lead or prospect can be further evaluated by identifying a background trend of wet sands and shales, and observing how removed the prospect's intercept-gradient pairs are from the background trend using small temporal or stratigraphic-consistent windows. This technique has primarily been performed visually, and, as such, contains inherent interpretation bias. While overall the visual methodology of the technique has been successful, methods to reduce such errors are valued as prospect economics become more challenging. To mitigate this interpretation bias, an unsupervised neural network methodology is presented. The unsupervised vector quantizer (neural network) assists in subgrouping (classifying) those seismic pairs that comprise the AVO background trend and those pairs that may subgroup as outliers — possibly indicative of hydrocarbon-saturated reservoirs. With this methodology, a clearer determination of what is AVO background trend and what is AVO outlier is presented using 2D seismic data in a frontier exploration province. Use of unsupervised neural networks for AVO crossplot assessment is accompanied with additional benefits that further assist in understanding geologies or seismic facies within the AVO crossplot subset.
3D mapping with MASW
Authors: Hutchinson Peter J. , Beird Maggie H.
Published: March 2016

A one-dimensional (1D) multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) seismic test is a quick and accurate sounding technique to collect VS at depth. Combining a series of MASW-derived VS soundings from specific depths is a convenient and cost-effective method of creating 3D maps. Three case studies provide useful examples of using MASW soundings to determine subsurface conditions. The depth to the top of rock is readily predicted from MASW soundings. In case study 1, the depth to the top of rock from multiple MASW soundings across a site provided an inexpensive, nonintrusive method of mapping the top of rock. Case study 2 presents the use of multiple MASW soundings to predict site-wide dynamic soil properties at depth. MASW soundings for case study 3 provided VS data that were used to successfully image a thin lacustrine deposit within 10 m of glacial till.
Geophysical Tutorial: The function of interpolation
Authors: Hall Matt
Published: March 2016

When interpreting seismic or well data in desktop software, it's easy to forget that the data are discretely sampled in space and time. Even when you look at an apparently continuous log curve, there are really only samples, typically every 0.1524 m (6 inches). When you display seismic data as wiggle traces, there are perhaps samples only every 2 or 4 ms in the time dimension. Some software lets you turn off the interpolation so you can see the discrete data samples, as in Figure 1a .
Smithornis broadbills produce loud wing song by aeroelastic flutter of medial primary wing feathers
Authors: Clark Christopher J. , Kirschel Alexander N. G. , Hadjioannou Louis , Prum Richard O.
Published: March 2016

Broadbills in the genus Smithornis produce a loud brreeeeet during a distinctive flight display. It has been posited that this klaxon-like sound is generated non-vocally with the outer wing feathers (P9, P10), but no scientific studies have previously addressed this hypothesis. Although most birds that make non-vocal communication sounds have feathers with a shape distinctively modified for sound production, Smithornis broadbills do not. We investigated whether this song is produced vocally or with the wings in rufous-sided broadbill (S. rufolateralis) and African broadbill (S. capensis). In support of the wing song hypothesis, synchronized high-speed video and sound recordings of displays demonstrated that sound pulses were produced during the downstroke, subtle gaps sometimes appeared between the outer primary feathers P6–P10, and wingtip speed reached 16 m s−1. Tests of a spread wing in a wind tunnel demonstrated that at a specific orientation, P6 and P7 flutter and produce sound. Wind tunnel tests on individual feathers P5–P10 from a male of each species revealed that while all of these feathers can produce sound via aeroelastic flutter, P6 and P7 produce the loudest sounds, which are similar in frequency to the wing song, at airspeeds achievable by the wing tip during display flight. Consistent with the wind tunnel experiments, field manipulations of P6, P7 and P8 changed the timbre of the wing song, and reduced its tonality, demonstrating that P6 and P7 are together the sound source, and not P9 or P10. The resultant wing song appears to have functionally replaced vocal song.
Larval starvation improves metabolic response to adult starvation in honey bees (Apis mellifera L.)
Authors: Wang Ying , Campbell Jacob B. , Kaftanoglu Osman , Page Robert E. , Amdam Gro V. , Harrison Jon F.
Published: March 2016

Environmental changes during development have long-term effects on adult phenotypes in diverse organisms. Some of the effects play important roles in helping organisms adapt to different environments, such as insect polymorphism. Others, especially those resulting from an adverse developmental environment, have a negative effect on adult health and fitness. However, recent studies have shown that those phenotypes influenced by early environmental adversity have adaptive value under certain (anticipatory) conditions that are similar to the developmental environment, though evidence is mostly from morphological and behavioral observations and it is still rare at physiological and molecular levels. In the companion study, we applied a short-term starvation treatment to fifth instar honey bee larvae and measured changes in adult morphology, starvation resistance, hormonal and metabolic physiology and gene expression. Our results suggest that honey bees can adaptively respond to the predicted nutritional stress. In the present study, we further hypothesized that developmental starvation specifically improves the metabolic response of adult bees to starvation instead of globally affecting metabolism under well-fed conditions. Here, we produced adult honey bees that had experienced a short-term larval starvation, then we starved them for 12 h and monitored metabolic rate, blood sugar concentrations and metabolic reserves. We found that the bees that experienced larval starvation were able to shift to other fuels faster and better maintain stable blood sugar levels during starvation. However, developmental nutritional stress did not change metabolic rates or blood sugar levels in adult bees under normal conditions. Overall, our study provides further evidence that early larval starvation specifically improves the metabolic responses to adult starvation in honey bees.
The “frosted liver” appearance in hepatic tuberculosis: a rare presentation
Authors: Jain Neeraj , Rissam Harmeet Kaur , Puri Sunil Kumar , Chauhan Udit
Published: March 2016

Tuberculosis is a major re-emerging global health concern. The disease may involve any body system and is a great mimicker of various pathologies owing to its non-specific imaging findings. Herein we report an extremely rare case of atypical tuberculosis of the liver in a young female with complaints of abdominal pain and haematemesis for 10 weeks. Isolated hepatic tuberculosis is a rare entity with < 100 cases reported in the literature. It is therefore important to have a high index of suspicion and be familiar with the atypical imaging findings of abdominal tuberculosis. This discussion highlights the clinical presentation, imaging findings and types of hepatic involvement in tuberculosis.
Utilization and control of ecological interactions in polymicrobial infections and community-based microbial cell factories
Authors: Wigneswaran Vinoth , Amador Cristina Isabel , Jelsbak Lotte , Sternberg Claus , Jelsbak Lars
Published: March 2016

Microbial activities are most often shaped by interactions between co-existing microbes within mixed-species communities. Dissection of the molecular mechanisms of species interactions within communities is a central issue in microbial ecology, and our ability to engineer and control microbial communities depends, to a large extent, on our knowledge of these interactions. This review highlights the recent advances regarding molecular characterization of microbe-microbe interactions that modulate community structure, activity, and stability, and aims to illustrate how these findings have helped us reach an engineering-level understanding of microbial communities in relation to both human health and industrial biotechnology.
Alternative Concepts of Management Decision
Authors: Алексахина  , Aleksakhina Yu. , Горшкова  , Gorshkova E.
Published: March 2016

In the article it is proposed to consider the management decision-making not as a rational process, but as a complex bureaucratic and political activity that consists of uncoordinated action and negotiation situations.
STATE REGULATION OF EMPLOYMENT AND EMPLOYMENT OF YOUTH IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Комарова  , Komarova Marina , Агаркова  , Agarkova Darya , Матвеева  , Matveeva Ekaterina
Published: March 2016

The article describes the main issues of state regulation of youth employment. The authors updated the problems of labor socialization of young people in the Russian socio-economic conditions. The article focuses on the legal regulation of this sphere both at the national and regional levels. Reasonable measures aimed at increasing competitiveness and professionalization of the young generation in the labor market conditions are substantiated.
STRATEGIC OPPORTUNITIES OF DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS IN THE ARCTIC
Authors: Медведев  , Medvedev Dmitriy
Published: March 2016

The article describes the long-term trends in the development of international relations in the Arctic, the strategic importance of the region in modern international relations is proved. By analyzing the foreign policy strategies of the polar states the possible directions of international cooperation are formulated, threats to the development of constructive cooperation in the region are identified. The trends and key integration structures of military and political cooperation in the region are described, for the study of development prospects of the situation the concept of «security dilemma» is applied. The author describes the conditions necessary to reduce the tension in the region and the establishment of a non-confrontational model of world political development in the Arctic. In particular, the recognition of insolvency of isolation policy, as well as the rejection of the fragmentation of international security environment in the Arctic will allow to overcome the destructive tendencies of development and increase the possibility to maintain a mutually acceptable dialogue.
MANAGEMENT OF SOURCES OF REPRODUCTION OF FIXED CAPITAL IN AGRARIAN AND INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX OF THE REGION
Authors: Проняева  , Pronyaeva Lyudmila
Published: March 2016

The results of the research of structure, sources of reproduction of fixed capital in agriculture of the country and region are presented in the article, the assessment of the place and the role of depreciation as a part of investment resources is given. The results of the research allowed to offer a number of administrative measures for increasing the role of depreciation as a source of updating and modernization of fixed capital of organizations of the agrarian and industrial complexes. The practical application of recommendations will promote the solution of a problem of target use of means of depreciation, ensuring economic growth in the agrarian branch and increase the level of the income of the regional budget of the territorial subject of the Russian Federation.
ELECTRONIC MANAGEMENT AS A TOOL FOR SOLVING THE PROBLEMS OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITY OF ORGANIZATIONS
Authors: Гретчин  , Gretchin Vladimir
Published: March 2016

The article deals with the electronic administration as a tool to improve the efficiency of the organization. On the basis of secondary analysis of data, the barriers of using information technology to the marketing activities of organizations are highlighted. The author distinguishes Russian features of adaptation of electronic administration system in comparison with foreign practices. In particular, Russian marketers pay much more time to issues of pricing and distribution channels. The author proposes to use the marketing information system as an electronic management subsystem, as a single integrated set of information technologies that could address the full range of economic problems.
Air-sea interactions in the marginal ice zone
Authors: Zippel Seth , Thomson Jim
Published: March 2016

The importance of waves in the Arctic Ocean has increased with the significant retreat of the seasonal sea-ice extent. Here, we use wind, wave, turbulence, and ice measurements to evaluate the response of the ocean surface to a given wind stress within the marginal ice zone, with a focus on the local wind input to waves and subsequent ocean surface turbulence. Observations are from the Beaufort Sea in the summer and early fall of 2014, with fractional ice cover of up to 50%. Observations showed strong damping and scattering of short waves, which, in turn, decreased the wind energy input to waves. Near-surface turbulent dissipation rates were also greatly reduced in partial ice cover. The reductions in waves and turbulence were balanced, suggesting that a wind-wave equilibrium is maintained in the marginal ice zone, though at levels much less than in open water. These results suggest that air-sea interactions are suppressed in the marginal ice zone relative to open ocean conditions at a given wind forcing, and this suppression may act as a feedback mechanism in expanding a persistent marginal ice zone throughout the Arctic.
Complications in reverse shoulder arthroplasty
Authors: Barco Raul , Savvidou Olga D. , Sperling John W. , Sanchez-Sotelo Joaquín , Cofield Robert H.
Published: March 2016

The reported rate of complications of reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) seems to be higher than the complication rate of anatomical total shoulder arthroplasty. The reported overall complication rate of primary RSA is approximately 15%; when RSA is used in the revision setting, the complication rate may approach 40%. The most common complications of RSA include instability, infection, notching, loosening, nerve injury, acromial and scapular spine fractures, intra-operative fractures and component disengagement. Careful attention to implant design and surgical technique, including implantation of components in the correct version and height, selection of the best glenosphere-humeral bearing match, avoidance of impingement, and adequate management of the soft tissues will hopefully translate in a decreasing number of complications in the future.

Cite this article: Barco R, Savvidou OD, Sperling JW, Sanchez-Sotelo J, Cofield RH. Complications in reverse shoulder arthroplasty. EFORT Open Rev 2016;1:72-80. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.1.160003.
The Future of Patient Engagement in the Governance of Shared Data
Authors: Petersen Carolyn
Published: March 2016

Background: The emerging health care system increasingly values patient engagement
and shared decision-making between patients and their providers. The practice of these
values is gaining importance as the patient-centered medical home model and personalized
medicine come into greater use.Opportunity for Improvement: Exploration of patient
preferences about personal health data use for research and quality improvement is a
fundamental element of the provider-patient relationship. Giving patients an explicit
opportunity to discuss their options about use of their data and implementing a process
that allows patients to receive desired communications about how their information is
used can help build patient trust, a requirement for successful care
partnerships.Practice Advancement: Working to change organizational cultures that
exclude patients from participation in important decisions related to personal health
information use promotes a strong patient-provider relationship and, ultimately, lays
the foundation for improved health care through expanded use of patient data.
Le Corbusier, Atget, and Versailles.
Authors: Rabaça Armando
Published: March 2016

It might be argued that the free patterns of organization within the Cartesian schemes of Le Corbusier’s projects of the 1920s extend back to the picturesque principles which informed his education. While the process that led to the reconciling of such opposing values is long and complex, I will try to uncover its roots by focusing on his early visits to Versailles. The first reason for implicating Versailles in the paradox is that Jeanneret’s drawings and photographs constitute an early manifestation of a picturesque approach to a Cartesian space. The second reason lies on the nineteenth-century aesthetic category of the Sublime, conceptualized in terms of geometry in two contemporary experiences. Based on the graphic sources, I will suggest that Eugène Atget provided him with a non-classical approach to Versailles through which he was able to reconcile classicism and romanticism. I will further argue that this would equally lead him to associatively link the narrative - rooted in the traveling experience - and the Sublime expressed in geometry.ResumoPodemos argumentar que os sistemas espaciais de organização livre nos esquemas cartesianos dos projetos de Le Corbusier dos anos 20 derivam dos princípios pitorescos que informaram a sua educação. Enquanto o processo que levaria à conciliação destes valores opostos é longo e complexo, tentaremos encontrar as suas raízes focando-nos nas suas primeiras visitas a Versailles. A primeira razão para abordar o paradoxo através de Versailles é que os desenhos e fotografias de Jeanneret constituem uma primeira manifestação de um olhar pitoresco sobre um espaço cartesiano. A segunda razão reside na categoria estética do Sublime do século XIX, conceptualizado em termos de geometria em duas experiências contemporâneas. Com base no material gráfico produzido, sugere-se que Eugène Atget forneceu a Jeanneret uma aproximação não clássica a Versailles, através da qual foi capaz de conciliar classicismo e romantismo. Sugere-se ainda que esta aproximação contribuiu igualmente para a associação entre a narrativa – informada pela experiência de viagem - e o Sublime expresso na geometria.
Die Große Transformation und die Marktgesellschaft
Authors: Thomasberger Claus
Published: March 2016

Karl Polanyi attestiert der westlichen Kultur eine tief greifende Krise. Die Auseinandersetzung mit Polanyis Arbeiten kann zu einem tieferen Verständnis der Herausforderungen einer technisch-wissenschaftlichen Zivilisation beitragen. Doch was folgt aus seiner Analyse für die Gestaltung einer großen Transformation?
Activity/inactivity circadian rhythm shows high similarities between young obesity-induced rats and old rats
Authors: Bravo Santos R , Delgado J , Cubero J , Franco L , Ruiz-Moyano S , Mesa M , Rodríguez AB , Uguz C , Barriga C
Published: March 2016

The objective of the present study was to compare differences between elderly rats and young obesity-induced rats in their activity/inactivity circadian rhythm. The investigation was motivated by the differences reported previously for the circadian rhythms of both obese and elderly humans (and other animals), and those of healthy, young or mature individuals. Three groups of rats were formed: a young control group which was fed a standard chow for rodents; a young obesity-induced group which was fed a high-fat diet for four months; and an elderly control group with rats aged 2.5 years that was fed a standard chow for rodents. Activity/inactivity data were registered through actimetry using infrared actimeter systems in each cage to detect activity. Data were logged on a computer and chronobiological analysis were performed. The results showed diurnal activity (sleep time), nocturnal activity (awake time), amplitude, acrophase, and interdaily stability to be similar between the young obesity-induced group and the elderly control group, but different in the young control group. We have concluded that obesity leads to a chronodisruption status in the body similar to the circadian rhythm degradation observed in the elderly.
Indikatoren für Risiken bei Kühen in der Transitphase – eine Übersicht zu metabolischen Profilen
Authors: Van Saun R. J.
Published: March 2016

Erkrankungen von Milchkühen im peripartalen Zeitraum gelten als entscheidende Faktoren für eine Beeinträchtigung der Milchleistung und sind mittlerweile ein zentraler Aspekt der Herdendiagnostik. In den letzten 40 Jahren wurden anhand von Blutproben erstellte metabolische Profile zur Herdendiagnostik genutzt, wobei die Erfahrungen bezüglich der diagnostischen Wertigkeit differierten. Die Forschung führte zu umfangreichen Erkenntnissen darüber, wie physiologische Mechanismen bei der Kuh, das Management, die Umwelt sowie Interaktionen zwischen diesen Faktoren zur Entwicklung von Erkrankungen im peripartalen Zeitraum beitragen. Kühe mit hohem Risiko für eine erforderlich werdende Behandlung lassen sich anhand einer erhöhten Konzentration an β-Hydroxybutyrat (BHB) (> 1,2 mmol/l) in den ersten 7–10 Tagen nach dem Kalben identifizieren. Ergeben Herdenkontrollen bei 15–20% der Frischabkalber in der ersten Woche post partum erhöhte BHB-Konzentrationen, weist dies auf ein beträchtliches Krankheitsrisiko und Produktionsverluste hin. Auch eine erhöhte Serumkonzentration freier Fettsäuren (FFS) ist Hinweis für ein gesteigertes Krankheitsrisiko. In dieser Übersicht werden gesicherte (BHB, FFS) und weitere potenzielle Parameter erläutert, die sich, bei Untersuchung von Einzel- oder Poolproben, dazu eignen, das Risiko für Erkrankungen und den Ernährungszustand der Tiere einzuschätzen. Ihre Anwendung in Form metabolischer Profile zur Herdendiagnostik bei bestehenden Risiken oder im Rahmen der Herdenüberwachung wird dargestellt. Eine Poolprobe nach dem modifizierten „Compton Metabolic Profile“ ermöglicht die wirtschaftlichere Nutzung mehrerer Parameter, wenngleich diese Vorgehensweise die Interpreta - tion und die Anwendung in Abhängigkeit von der Herdengröße einschränken kann. Poolproben von fünf bis zehn Individuen repräsentieren genau das arithmetische Mittel aus den Werten der einzelnen Tiere. Von größter Bedeutung ist, dass die metabolischen Profile im Zusammenhang mit anderen diagnostischen Kennzahlen von Tier- und Betriebsanalysen, der Körperkonditionsbeurteilung und der Rationskontrolle genutzt werden. Nur so lässt sich ihr Wert im Rahmen der Herdenunter - suchung voll ausschöpfen.
The prevalence of developmental dyscalculia in Brazilian public school system
Authors: Bastos José Alexandre , Cecato Angela Maria Traldi , Martins Marielza Regina Ismael , Grecca Kelly Regina Risso , Pierini Rafael
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT The goal of the study was to assess public school children at the end of the first stage of elementary school. We used a protocol applied concurrently with a writing test in the form of an unexpected activity in 28 public schools; 2,893 children assessed, 687 exhibited performance below 58 points, 184 were excluded due to change of address or lack of consent; 503 children subjected to a test of intellectual capacity and reading assessment and 71 considered intellectually disabled were excluded. 226 (7.8%) children, who could read, write, and had normal intellectual level, met the criteria of developmental dyscalculia (DD), 98 female and 128 male. The most influential factors in the prevalence were socioeconomic levels of the schools neighborhood, education level of parents, and being male, as demonstrated by the odds ratio and multiple logistic regression analysis. Further studies should be done so that educational policies are taken.
Brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis: therapeutic, cognitive and clinical impact
Authors: Rojas Juan Ignacio , Patrucco Liliana , Miguez Jimena , Cristiano Edgardo
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT Multiple sclerosis (MS) was always considered as a white matter inflammatory disease. Today, there is an important body of evidence that supports the hypothesis that gray matter involvement and the neurodegenerative mechanism are at least partially independent from inflammation. Gray matter atrophy develops faster than white matter atrophy, and predominates in the initial stages of the disease. The neurodegenerative mechanism creates permanent damage and correlates with physical and cognitive disability. In this review we describe the current available evidence regarding brain atrophy and its consequence in MS patients.
Activation of C-fiber nociceptors by low-power diode laser
Authors: Azevedo Eduardo , Silva Andressa , Martins Raquel , Andersen Monica L. , Tufik Sergio , Manzano Gilberto M.
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT Objective The evaluation of selective activation of C-fibers to record evoked potentials using the association of low-power diode laser (810 nm), tiny-area stimulation and skin-blackening. Method Laser-evoked potentials (LEPs) were obtained from 20 healthy young subjects. An aluminum plate with one thin hole was attached to the laser probe to provide tiny-area stimulation of the hand dorsum and the stimulated area was covered with black ink. Results The mean intensity used for eliciting the ultra-late laser-evoked potential (ULEP) was 70 ± 32 mW. All subjects showed a clear biphasic potential that comprised a negative peak (806 ± 61 ms) and a positive deflection (1033 ± 60 ms), corresponding to the ULEP related to C-fiber activation. Conclusion C-fiber-evoked responses can be obtained using a very low-power diode laser when stimulation is applied to tiny areas of darkened skin. This strategy offers a non-invasive and easy methodology that minimizes damage to the tissue.
Dimensiones políticas de una epidemia: el caso de la gripe A (H1N1) en la prensa escrita de Argentina
Authors: Sy Anahi , Spinelli Hugo
Published: March 2016

El objetivo de este estudio se orienta a comprender las representaciones sociales que expresan los periódicos, en torno a la epidemia de gripe A (H1N1) en Argentina para el año 2009, a través del análisis cuali-cuantitativo de dos dimensiones fundamentales: la forma en que se construye el "objeto" epidemia y las fuentes de información de las noticias. A partir de ello, es posible identificar que en la forma de nombrar y construir la epidemia subyace cierta decisión política de eliminar la responsabilidad que cabe a un modo de producción pecuaria riesgosa, responsabilizando al individuo que incurre en conductas de riesgo. El análisis muestra la vigencia de la hegemonía biomédica en las recomendaciones de representantes políticos, especialmente a nivel internacional, lo que contribuye a la farmacologización de una epidemia, posicionamiento que reproduce la población en sus reclamos. El comportamiento de la prensa ante la epidemia, no responde a eventos vinculados a la epidemiología del virus, sino que publica la mayor parte de noticias ante eventos asociados a la política local.
Free amino acids in the xylem sap of pear trees during dormancy
Authors: Marafon Anderson Carlos , Herter Flavio Gilberto , Hawerroth Fernando José , Bierhals Adriana Neutzling
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT: Storage and remobilization are considered key processes for the effective use of nitrogen in temperate fruit trees. As dormancy begins, storage proteins are synthesized, coinciding with a reduction in the levels of free amino acids. Consequently, as dormancy breaks, these storage proteins are degraded, and an increase in the concentrations of amino acids occurs, in order to support new growth. The objective of this study was to evaluate water content of different vegetative tissues (buds, bark, and bole wood), volume of xylem sap, and free amino acid concentrations of xylem sap, during winter dormancy of Hosui Japanese pear trees (VL). Plant material was obtained from the Embrapa Temperate Climate experimental orchard at Pelotas, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Xylem sap was extracted from the branches with the aid of a vacuum pump, and the free amino acids were determined by gas chromatography, using the EZ kit: Faast GC/FID (Phenomenex). Water content of buds, as well as the volume of sap and concentrations of both aspartic acid and asparagine, substantially increased over time, reaching maximum values in the phase preceding sprouting.
Inseminating dose and water volume applied to the artificial fertilization of Steindachneridion parahybae (Steindachner, 1877) (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae): Brazilian endangered fish
Authors: Sanches Eduardo Antônio , Caneppele Danilo , Okawara Renan Yoshiharu , Damasceno Danielle Zanerato , Bombardelli Robie Allan , Romagosa Elizabeth
Published: March 2016

Abstract The Steindachneridion parahybae is an endangered catfish from Brazil and strategies applied for gametes optimization are necessary. The aim of this study was to assess inseminating doses and water volume upon the fertilization, hatching rates and percentage of normal larvae in S. parahybae . Was used a randomized design in factorial scheme (4×4) with four inseminating doses: 1.0×104, 1.0×105, 1.0×106, 1.0×107spermatozoa oocyte-1 and four volumes of water: 1, 35, 65 and 95mL of water g-1 of oocytes. The combination of doses and volumes were performed in triplicates (n=48). Each incubator (1.5L of useful volume) with 1g of oocytes was considered as an experimental unit. Significant interaction between inseminating doses and volumes of water to the values of the fertilization rates and quadratic effect of doses and volume for the values of hatching rates were observed. The doses and volumes did not influence the percentage of normal larvae (87.70±5.06%). It is recommended the use of 5.5×106 spermatozoa oocyte-1 and 1mL of water g-1 of oocytes during in vitro fertilization procedure. These results allowed us to develop new biotechnological strategies applied to the conservation of S. parahybae .
Use of functional traits to assess changes in stream fish assemblages across a habitat gradient
Authors: Ribeiro Mariela Domiciano , Teresa Fabrício Barreto , Casatti Lilian
Published: March 2016

Abstract Functional traits are important for understanding the links between species occurrence and environmental conditions. Identifying these links makes it possible to predict changes in species composition within communities under specific environmental conditions. We used functional traits related to habitat use and trophic ecology in order to assess the changes in fish community composition between streams with varying habitat structure. The relationship between the species traits and habitat characteristics was analyzed using an RLQ ordination analysis. Although species were widely distributed in habitats with different structures, physical conditions did favor some species based on their functional characteristics. Eight functional traits were found to be associated with stream habitat structure, allowing us to identify traits that may predict the susceptibility of fish species to physical habitat degradation.
Porta-enxertos promissores, alternativos ao limoeiro 'Cravo', nos Tabuleiros Costeiros de Sergipe
Authors: Carvalho Luciana Marques de , Carvalho Hélio Wilson Lemos de , Soares Filho Walter dos Santos , Martins Carlos Roberto , Passos Orlando Sampaio
Published: March 2016

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar porta-enxertos alternativos ao limoeiro 'Cravo' comum, para produção de laranja 'Pêra', nas condições dos Tabuleiros Costeiros de Sergipe. Foram avaliados 43 porta-enxertos quanto a altura, copa, taxa fotossintética, teor de prolina, eficiência produtiva, produção e produtividade por planta. O limoeiro 'Cravo' comum foi considerado como padrão. Os porta-enxertos híbrido TSKC x (LCR x TR) - 059, citrandarim 'Riverside', limoeiro 'Cravo CNPMF - 03' e outros 12 superaram o limoeiro 'Cravo' comum na indução de eficiência produtiva à copa; limoeiro 'Rugoso Vermelho', citrandarim 'Indio' e mais quatro promoveram maior produtividade; TSKC x CTRK - 001 e TSKFL x CTC13 - 012 se destacaram pela magnitude da assimilação de CO2; e TSKC x (LCR x TR) - 040 e TSKC x CTRK - 001 apresentaram maior acúmulo de prolina. São considerados alternativas promissoras os seguintes porta-enxertos: híbrido TSKC x (LCR x TR) - 059; citrandarins 'Indio', 'Riverside' e 'San Diego'; limoeiros 'Rugoso Vermelho' e 'Cravo CNPMF - 03'; e híbridos TSKC x CTRK - 001, TSKFL x CTC13 - 012, TSKC x (LCR x TR) - 040, TSKC x LHA - 006, TSKC x CTQT1434 - 001, TSKC x CTSW - 058 e TSKFL x CTARG - 028.
Análise genética do peso em um rebanho de bovinos Nelore
Authors: Passafaro Tiago Luciano , Fragomeni Breno de Oliveira , Gonçalves Daniel Resende , Moraes Mariana Mamedes de , Toral Fabio Luiz Buranelo
Published: March 2016

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar os parâmetros genéticos para o peso de bovinos Nelore, do nascimento até 1.000 dias de idade, por meio de modelos de regressão aleatória. Utilizaram-se 115.096 registros de peso de 19.417 animais. Os parâmetros genéticos foram obtidos por modelos de regressão aleatória via inferência bayesiana. A trajetória média de crescimento foi ajustada com um polinômio de Legendre quártico. O efeito genético aditivo direto foi ajustado com um polinômio quadrático de Legendre. Os efeitos de ambiente permanente direto e materno foram ajustados com polinômios de Legendre quíntico e quadrático, respectivamente. A variância residual foi modelada com três classes de idades. Os valores genéticos dos pesos, do nascimento até 1.000 dias de idade, foram utilizados para a análise da tendência genética, por meio de superfícies de resposta. As herdabilidades variaram entre 0,16 e 0,47. Os efeitos de ambiente permanente direto e materno foram responsáveis por 5 a 77% e 0,2 a 11% da variância fenotípica, respectivamente. As correlações genéticas dos pesos em diferentes idades foram altas e superiores a 0,40. Os valores genéticos foram crescentes ao longo dos anos, e a tendência genética foi máxima para peso aos 500 dias.
Interação genótipo x ambiente via modelos de normas de reação para características de crescimento em bovinos Nelore
Authors: Ambrosini Diego Pagung , Malhado Carlos Henrique Mendes , Martins Filho Raimundo , Carneiro Paulo Luiz Souza
Published: March 2016

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a sensibilidade ao ambiente em bovinos da raça Nelore por meio de diferentes modelos de normas de reação e estimar o progresso genético no gradiente ambiental. Determinaram-se os parâmetros ganho de peso da desmama ao sobreano (GP345) e o peso ajustado aos 205 dias de idade (P205). Um modelo animal padrão (MA), dois modelos hierárquicos de normas de reação com homocedasticidade de variância residual e dois com heterogeneidade foram utilizados. O modelo hierárquico de normas de reação homocedástico com um passo apresentou o melhor ajuste. Os coeficientes de herdabilidade diretos do ambiente baixo para o ambiente alto, no gradiente ambiental, foram de 0,03 a 0,63 e de 0,13 a 0,62, respectivamente, para GP345 e P205. As correlações entre o intercepto e a inclinação da norma de reação foram de: 0,93, para GP345 (direto); 0,95, para GP345 (materno); 0,92, para P205 (direto); e 0,82, para P205 (materno). As correlações indicam que animais com alto valor genético tendem a responder positivamente aos melhores ambientes. As tendências genéticas mostraram ganhos para os efeitos diretos, principalmente nos melhores ambientes. Há variação genética quanto à sensibilidade dos animais, nos diferentes ambientes, fato que permite a seleção de animais com genótipos mais adequados para a produção em determinado ambiente.
Changes in Photosynthesis and Oxidative Stress in Wheat Plants Submmited to Herbicides Application
Authors: AGOSTINETTO D. , PERBONI L.T. , LANGARO A.C. , GOMES J. , FRAGA D.S. , FRANCO J.J.
Published: March 2016

The use of herbicides, even in tolerant crops, can cause stress evidenced by increase phytotoxicity affecting growth and development. The objectives of this study were to evaluate herbicides effect from different mechanisms of action in photosynthetic and oxidative stress parameters, as well visual phytotoxicity and wild radish control in wheat crop, cultivar Quartzo. Two trials were conducted where the first one evaluated the photosynthetic parameters on wheat plants in two seasons collection, following the application of herbicides bentazon, clodinafop, iodosulfuron, metribuzin, metsulfuron and 2,4-D; and the second one evaluated wild radish (Raphanus sativus) control, wheat phytotoxicity and yield due to bentazon, iodosulfuron, metribuzin, metsulfuron and 2,4-D herbicides application. Photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration were negatively affected by metribuzin, metsulfuron and 2,4-D herbicides at 24 and 120 HAS (hours after spraying) compared to control. Oxidative stress was similar or lower to control, when herbicide was applied and, in general, there was no difference between application times. Lipid peroxidation, catalase activity and phenols were higher in the first collection time. The application of herbicides iodosulfuron and 2,4-D reduces chlorophylls and carotenoids in wheat. Herbicides bentazon, iodosulfuron, metribuzin, metsulfuron and 2,4-D are selective to wheat, cultivar Quartzo and do not affect wheat yield. 2,4-D, metribuzin and iodosulfuron are more efficient for wild radish control.
Effectiveness of Diquat, Copper Hydroxide, Copper Oxychloride and their Association in Control of Submerged Macrophytes Ceratophyllum demersum
Authors: GARLICH N. , CRUZ C. , SILVA A.F. , MALASPINA I.C. , FERREIRA R.G. , TEDESQUE M.G. , PITELLI R.A. , BIANCO S.
Published: March 2016

The aims of this study were to evaluate the effectiveness of diquat, copper hydroxide, copper oxychloride and their associations diquat + 0.1% copper oxychloride and diquat + 0.1% copper hydroxide to control Cerathophyllum demersum. Therefore, the concentrations used were 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 1.0 and 1.5 mg L-1 oxychloride and copper hydroxide and 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.2 mg L-1 diquat and their associations with 0.1% copper oxychloride and 0.1% copper and a control hydroxide. The experimental design was completely randomized with ten replications for 45 days. For evaluation we used a scale of 0-100% control of notes and rated the weight (g) and length (cm) of pointers at the end of the trial period. Diquat showed 100% efficacy at 30 DAA, associations in 21 DAA and copper sources promoted regrowth of C. demersum. Diquat and its associations were more effective in controlling C. demersum. The use of herbicide in combination with a copper source is more efficient for the control of submerged weeds because it potentiates the effect of the herbicide in weed control
Avaliação de pastas de cimento Portland contendo cinza pesada moída
Authors: Pilar Ronaldo , Schankoski Rudiele Aparecida , Moro Agostinho João Dal , Repette Wellington Longuini
Published: March 2016

Neste trabalho avalia-se a influência da incorporação de cinza pesada moída, obtida da combustão de carvão mineral, em pastas de cimento Portland. A cinza pesada foi incorporada as pastas de cimento em três distribuições granulométricas distintas e dosadas para teores de substituição ao cimento, em volume, de 10%, 30% e 50%. As pastas foram dosadas com duas relações água/aglomerante, em massa, de 0,35 e 0,40. As primeiras idades foram investigadas por calorimetria isotérmica. Após passarem por cura úmida, as pastas foram testadas por termogravimetria, resíduo insolúvel e resistência mecânica à compressão para as idades de 7, 28 e 91 dias de hidratação. Foi observado um aumento do grau de hidratação para as pastas produzidas com cinza pesada moída, independentemente da finura e do teor incorporado. O aumento de calor liberado e resistência à compressão, juntos com a redução do percentual de resíduo insolúvel, levaram a conclusão que cinza pesada moída apresentou, simultaneamente, atividade química e física junto a hidratação do cimento. Os resultados sugerem que a cinza pesada moída pode substituir em até 50% o volume do cimento Portland sem redução da resistência mecânica aos 91 dias de hidratação.
Efecto del almacenamiento sobre las propiedades físicas de las películas de quitosano con inclusión de aceites esenciales de tomillo y romero
Authors: Bohórquez Nathalia Valderrama , Enciso Néstor Ariel Algecira , Hernández William Albaracín
Published: March 2016

Se estudió el efecto de factores como humedad, temperatura y tiempo de almacenamiento sobre las propiedades físicas de las películas de quitosano con y sin inclusión de aceites. Se incluyeron aceites de tomillo (TEO) y de romero (REO) en proporciones de 0,5:1 y 1:1 v/p (EOs: CH), así como su combinación 50:50 (TEO:REO). Las películas formadas se almacenaron a temperaturas de 5, 20, 33°C y humedades relativas de 60 y 93% durante cuatro semanas. Las condiciones de almacenamiento alteraron las propiedades mecánicas y físicas de las películas, tales como humedad y capacidad de retención de agua debido a la hidrofícidad del polímero, al efecto plastificante de las moléculas de agua y a fenómenos de retrogradación influenciados por la temperatura y el tiempo de almacenamiento.
Influência da adição de filer de areia de britagem nas propriedades de argamassas de revestimento
Authors: Kazmierczak Claudio de Souza , Rosa Mateus , Arnold Daiana Cristina Metz
Published: March 2016

Resumo Este trabalho discute o efeito da variação do teor de adição de filer de areia de britagem nas propriedades de argamassas de revestimento produzidas com areias de britagem. Em um traço de argamassa 1:1:6, em volume, confeccionado com cimento CP II Z-32, cal classe CH-I e areia de britagem de rocha basáltica proveniente de britador tipo VSI, foram adicionados cinco diferentes teores de finos de britagem, determinadas suas principais propriedades, a retração em barras de argamassa, e o nível de fissuração de revestimentos aplicados sobre um substrato de cerâmica vermelha. Para os materiais utilizados, a adição de 10% de finos de britagem resulta em uma argamassa trabalhável, com melhoria em suas propriedades mecânicas e retração dentro de limites aceitáveis
MODELAGEM DO ERRO DEVIDO À ILUMINAÇÃO AMBIENTE NAS MEDIÇÕES OBTIDAS COM CÂMERA DE DISTÂNCIA
Authors: Silva Felipe Martins Marques da , Centeno Jorge Antonio Silva
Published: March 2016

As câmeras de distância são capazes de medir a distância entre o sensor e a superfície dos objetos para cada pixel da imagem, em um único instante, produzindo uma imagem de distâncias. Além das distâncias, também obtém a intensidade e a amplitude para cada pixel, formando as imagens de intensidade e amplitude, respectivamente. Como toda a medida, aquelas obtidas pelas câmeras de distância possuem erros, e um dos fatores que geram erros nas medidas é a iluminação ambiente. Neste estudo foi analisada a influência que a iluminação ambiente exerce sobre os valores calculados de distância, amplitude e intensidade. Para isso, realizou-se experimentos em uma sala escura, onde foram obtidas imagens de distância, intensidade e amplitude de uma parede branca, em que incidia diversos níveis de iluminação gerada por duas lâmpadas cujos feixes convergiam ao centro da parede. Verificou-se que: a iluminação fornecida nos experimentos aumentou os valores de distância; a relação entre os erros de distância e a variação da amplitude é diretamente proporcional e linear; e que a relação entre os erros de distância e a variação da intensidade também se mostrou linear para valores de intensidade menores que 26600, para a frequência de modulação de 21 MHz. As correlações lineares atingiram valores acima de 0,9. A imagem de intensidade se mostrou mais sensível à incidência de iluminação ambiente do que a imagem de amplitude.
TOPOGRAPHIC EFFECT ON SPECTRAL VEGETATION INDICES FROM LANDSAT TM DATA: IS TOPOGRAPHIC CORRECTION NECESSARY?
Authors: Moreira* Eder Paulo , Valeriano Márcio de Morisson , Sanches Ieda Del Arco , Formaggio Antonio Roberto
Published: March 2016

The full potentiality of spectral vegetation indices (VIs) can only be evaluated after removing topographic, atmospheric and soil background effects from radiometric data. Concerning the former effect, the topographic effect was barely investigated in the context of VIs, despite the current availability correction methods and Digital elevation Model (DEM). In this study, we performed topographic correction on Landsat 5 TM spectral bands and evaluated the topographic effect on four VIs: NDVI, RVI, EVI and SAVI. The evaluation was based on analyses of mean and standard deviation of VIs and TM band 4 (near-infrared), and on linear regression analyses between these variables and the cosine of the solar incidence angle on terrain surface (cos i). The results indicated that VIs are less sensitive to topographic effect than the uncorrected spectral band. Among VIs, NDVI and RVI were less sensitive to topographic effect than EVI and SAVI. All VIs showed to be fully independent of topographic effect only after correction. It can be concluded that the topographic correction is required for a consistent reduction of the topographic effect on the VIs from rugged terrain.