bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Introduction
Authors: Research Group North East Third Sector
Published: December 2015

The North East Third Sector Research Group (NETSRG) was established in 2013, with the aim of increasing the engagement of Third Sector professionals with academic literature (such as peer-reviewed journal articles, book chapters and conference papers) on topics of relevance to the sector. The group is underpinned by the premise that an abundance of research is produced by academics, which could be of benefit to the Third Sector, but is rarely accessed and translated into practice due to a range of barriers. The group was set up in a voluntary capacity by Keith Nicholson with support from Adele Irving and is made up of around 50 members.

 
Academic Commentary: 'Permanently Changing? Operationalising Research into Organisational Change in the Third Sector'
Authors: Bennett Hayley
Published: December 2015

Organisations are never static; they are changing all the time.  Unsurprisingly, actors in ‘third sector organisations’ (the diverse array of organisations that do not fit into the ideal type constructs of market or state organisations) experience and implement change in many different ways. On the one hand, there are numerous types of third sector organisations operating in different policy streams, locations, and contexts. On the other, third sector organisations engage in a variety of activities; some may deliver public service contracts, whilst others focus on traditional civil society and volunteer based activities. Many more may sit somewhere in between (Billis, 2010).
Outputs Reviewed: Neo-Liberalism
Authors: Research Group North East Third Sector
Published: December 2015

Churchill, H. (2013). Retrenchment and restructuring: family support and children's services reform under the coalition. Journal of Children's Services, 8()3, 209-222

Jackson Rodger, J. (2013). “New capitalism”, colonisation and the neo-philanthropic turn in social policy: Applying Luhmann's systems theory to the Big Society project. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 33(11/12), 725-741.

Kim, S. (2013). Voluntary Organizations as New Street-level Bureaucrats: Frontline Struggles of Community Organizations against Bureaucratization in a South Korean Welfare-to-Work Partnership. Social Policy & Administration, 47(5), 565-585.
Effect of calcium oxide on the efficiency of ferrous ion oxidation and total iron precipitation during ferrous ion oxidation in simulated acid mine drainage treatment with inoculation of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans
Authors: Liu Fenwu , Zhou Jun , Jin Tongjun , Zhang Shasha , Liu Lanlan
Published: December 2015

Calcium oxide was added into ferrous ion oxidation system in the presence of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans at concentrations of 0–4.00 g/L. The pH, ferrous ion oxidation efficiency, total iron precipitation efficiency, and phase of the solid minerals harvested from different treatments were investigated during the ferrous ion oxidation process. In control check (CK) system, pH of the solution decreased from 2.81 to 2.25 when ferrous ions achieved complete oxidation after 72 h of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans incubation without the addition of calcium oxide, and total iron precipitation efficiency reached 20.2%. Efficiency of ferrous ion oxidation and total iron precipitation was significantly improved when the amount of calcium oxide added was ≤1.33 g/L, and the minerals harvested from systems were mainly a mixture of jarosite and schwertmannite. For example, the ferrous ion oxidation efficiency reached 100% at 60 h and total iron precipitation efficiency was increased to 32.1% at 72 h when 1.33 g/L of calcium oxide was added. However, ferrous ion oxidation and total iron precipitation for jarosite and schwertmannite formation were inhibited if the amount of calcium oxide added was above 2.67 g/L, and large amounts of calcium sulfate dihydrate were generated in systems.
Storing Renewable Energy in the Hydrogen Cycle
Authors: Züttel Andreas , Callini Elsa , Kato Shunsuke , Atakli Züleyha Özlem Kocabas
Published: December 2015

An energy economy based on renewable energy requires massive energy storage, approx. half of the annual energy consumption. Therefore, the production of a synthetic energy carrier, e.g. hydrogen, is necessary. The hydrogen cycle, i.e. production of hydrogen from water
by renewable energy, storage and use of hydrogen in fuel cells, combustion engines or turbines is a closed cycle. Electrolysis splits water into hydrogen and oxygen and represents a mature technology in the power range up to 100 kW. However, the major technological challenge is to build electrolyzers
in the power range of several MW producing high purity hydrogen with a high efficiency. After the production of hydrogen, large scale and safe hydrogen storage is required. Hydrogen is stored either as a molecule or as an atom in the case of hydrides. The maximum volumetric hydrogen density
of a molecular hydrogen storage is limited to the density of liquid hydrogen. In a complex hydride the hydrogen density is limited to 20 mass% and 150 kg/m3 which corresponds to twice the density of liquid hydrogen. Current research focuses on the investigation of new storage materials
based on combinations of complex hydrides with amides and the understanding of the hydrogen sorption mechanism in order to better control the reaction for the hydrogen storage applications.
Redox Flow Batteries, Hydrogen and Distributed Storage
Authors: Dennison C. R. , Vrubel Heron , Amstutz Véronique , Peljo Pekka , Toghill Kathryn E. , Girault Hubert H.
Published: December 2015

Social, economic, and political pressures are causing a shift in the global energy mix, with a preference toward renewable energy sources. In order to realize widespread implementation of these resources, large-scale storage of renewable energy is needed. Among the proposed energy storage
technologies, redox flow batteries offer many unique advantages. The primary limitation of these systems, however, is their limited energy density which necessitates very large installations. In order to enhance the energy storage capacity of these systems, we have developed a unique dual-circuit
architecture which enables two levels of energy storage; first in the conventional electrolyte, and then through the formation of hydrogen. Moreover, we have begun a pilot-scale demonstration project to investigate the scalability and technical readiness of this approach. This combination
of conventional energy storage and hydrogen production is well aligned with the current trajectory of modern energy and mobility infrastructure. The combination of these two means of energy storage enables the possibility of an energy economy dominated by renewable resources.
Dress and age: the intersection of life and work
Authors: Twigg Julia
Published: December 2015

In this article I outline the influences, intellectual and personal, that have led me to the subject of dress and age, a topic that I have explored with great enjoyment over the last decade. These have their roots in earlier academic and personal interests, and one of the aims of the article is to show how these different spheres of life and work intersect. I discuss this under three broad headings: intellectual and academic influences; longterm personal interests, particularly in history and the aesthetics of dress; and the impact of becoming an older woman.
Which Is the Most Significant Cause of Aging?
Authors: Liochev Stefan
Published: December 2015

It becomes clearer and clearer that aging is a result of a significant number of causes and it would seem that counteracting one or several of them should not make a significant difference. Taken at face value, this suggests, for example, that free radicals and reactive oxygen species do not play a significant role in aging and that the lifespan of organisms cannot be significantly extended. In this review, I point to the fact that the causes of aging synergize with each other and discuss the implications involved. One implication is that when two or more synergizing causes increase over time, the result of their action increases dramatically; I discuss a simple model demonstrating this. It is reasonable to conclude that this might explain the acceleration of aging and mortality with age. In this regard, the analysis of results and mortality patterns described in studies involving yeasts and Drosophila provides support for this view. Since the causes of aging are synergizing, it is also concluded that none of them is the major one but many including free radicals, etc. play significant roles. It follows that health/lifespan might be significantly extended if we eliminate or even attenuate the increase of a few or even just one of the causes of aging. While the synergism between the causes of aging is the main topic of this review, several related matters are briefly discussed as well.
Puzzle Pieces: Neural Structure and Function in Prader-Willi Syndrome
Authors: Manning Katherine , Holland Anthony
Published: December 2015

Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder of genomic imprinting, presenting with a behavioural phenotype encompassing hyperphagia, intellectual disability, social and behavioural difficulties, and propensity to psychiatric illness. Research has tended to focus on the cognitive and behavioural investigation of these features, and, with the exception of eating behaviour, the neural physiology is currently less well understood. A systematic review was undertaken to explore findings relating to neural structure and function in PWS, using search terms designed to encompass all published articles concerning both in vivo and post-mortem studies of neural structure and function in PWS. This supported the general paucity of research in this area, with many articles reporting case studies and qualitative descriptions or focusing solely on the overeating behaviour, although a number of systematic investigations were also identified. Research to date implicates a combination of subcortical and higher order structures in PWS, including those involved in processing reward, motivation, affect and higher order cognitive functions, with both anatomical and functional investigations indicating abnormalities. It appears likely that PWS involves aberrant activity across distributed neural networks. The characterisation of neural structure and function warrants both replication and further systematic study.
Research on and Design of a Self-Propelled Nozzle for the Tree-Type Drilling Technique in Underground Coal Mines
Authors: Lu Yiyu , Zhou Zhe , Ge Zhaolong , Zhang Xinwei , Li Qian
Published: December 2015

Due to the increasing depths of coal mines and the low permeability of some coal seams, conventional methods of gas drainage in underground mines are facing many problems. To improve gas extraction, a new technique using water jets to drill tree-type boreholes in coal seams is proposed. A self-propelled water-jet drilling nozzle was designed to drill these boreholes. The configuration of the self-propelled nozzle was optimized by conducting drilling experiments and self-propelling force measurements. Experimental results show that the optimal self-propelled nozzle has a forward orifice axial angle at 25°, a radial angle at 90°, a center distance of 1.5 mm, and backward pointing orifices with an axial angle of 25°. The self-propelling force generated by the jets of the nozzle with 30 MPa pump pressure can reach 29.8 N, enough to pull the hose and the nozzle forward without any external forces. The nozzle can drill at speeds up to 41.5 m/h with pump pressures at 30 MPa. The radial angles of the forward orifices improve the rock breaking performance of the nozzle and, with the correct angle, the rock breaking area of the orifices overlap to produce a connecting hole. The diameter of boreholes drilled by this nozzle can reach 35.2 mm. The nozzle design can be used as the basis for designing other self-propelled nozzles. The drilling experiments demonstrate the feasibility of using the tree-type drilling technique in underground mines.
Analysis of the Micromachining Process of Dielectric and Metallic Substrates Immersed in Water with Femtosecond Pulses
Authors: Butkus Simas , Alesenkov Aleksandr , Paipulas Domas , Gaižauskas Eugenijus , Melninkaitis Andrius , Kaškelytė Dalia , Barkauskas Martynas , Sirutkaitis Valdas
Published: December 2015

Micromachining of 1 mm thick dielectric and metallic substrates was conducted using femtosecond pulse generated filaments in water. Several hundred microjoule energy pulses were focused within a water layer covering the samples. Within this water layer, non-linear self-action mechanisms transform the beam, which enables higher quality and throughput micromachining results compared to focusing in air. Evidence of beam transformation into multiple light filaments is presented along with theoretical modeling results. In addition, multiparametric optimization of the fabrication process was performed using statistical methods and certain acquired dependencies are further explained and tested using laser shadowgraphy. We demonstrate that this micromachining process exhibits complicated dynamics within the water layer, which are influenced by the chosen parameters.
Metabolic Interactions in the Gastrointestinal Tract (GIT): Host, Commensal, Probiotics, and Bacteriophage Influences
Authors: Vitetta Luis , Hall Sean , Coulson Samantha
Published: December 2015

Life on this planet has been intricately associated with bacterial activity at all levels of evolution and bacteria represent the earliest form of autonomous existence. Plants such as those from the Leguminosae family that form root nodules while harboring nitrogen-fixing soil bacteria are a primordial example of symbiotic existence. Similarly, cooperative activities between bacteria and animals can also be observed in multiple domains, including the most inhospitable geographical regions of the planet such as Antarctica and the Lower Geyser Basin of Yellowstone National Park. In humans bacteria are often classified as either beneficial or pathogenic and in this regard we posit that this artificial nomenclature is overly simplistic and as such almost misinterprets the complex activities and inter-relationships that bacteria have with the environment as well as the human host and the plethora of biochemical activities that continue to be identified. We further suggest that in humans there are neither pathogenic nor beneficial bacteria, just bacteria embraced by those that tolerate the host and those that do not. The densest and most complex association exists in the human gastrointestinal tract, followed by the oral cavity, respiratory tract, and skin, where bacteria—pre- and post-birth—instruct the human cell in the fundamental language of molecular biology that normally leads to immunological tolerance over a lifetime. The overall effect of this complex output is the elaboration of a beneficial milieu, an environment that is of equal or greater importance than the bacterium in maintaining homeostasis.
Seven New Tetrahydroanthraquinones from the Root of Prismatomeris connata and Their Cytotoxicity against Lung Tumor Cell Growth
Authors: Wang Chunxiang , Ding Xiao , Feng Shi-Xiu , Guan Qiunong , Zhang Xiao-Ping , Du Caigan , Di Ying-Tong , Chen Tao
Published: December 2015

The root of Prismatomeris connata has been used in China for centuries as the medicinal herb “Huang Gen” (HG), but its phytochemicals or active ingredients are not well understood. In this study, we performed chemical analysis of the ethyl acetate fraction of a HG ethanol extract. We thus isolated seven new tetrahydroanthraquinones, prisconnatanones C–I (compounds 1–7) from the root of P. connata and identified their structures using spectroscopic analyses. Their absolute configurations were established by both modified Mosher’s and Mo2OAc4 methods, and ORD techniques. Their cytotoxicity was tested in a panel of human lung tumor cells (H1229, HTB179, A549 and H520 cell lines). Prisconnatanone I (7) showed the highest activity, with an IC50 value ranging from 2.7 µM to 3.9 µM in the suppression of tumor cell growth, and the others with chelated phenolic hydroxyls exhibited relatively lower activity (IC50: 8–20 µM). In conclusion, these data suggest that some of the natural tetrahydroanthraquinones in HG are bioactive, and hydroxylation at C-1 significantly increases the cytotoxicity of these compounds against lung tumor cell growth.
Family Commitment and Work Characteristics among Pharmacists
Authors: Gubbins Paul , Ragland Denise , Castleberry Ashley , Payakachat Nalin
Published: December 2015

Factors associated with family commitment among pharmacists in the south central U.S. are explored. In 2010, a cross-sectional mailed self-administered 70 item survey of 363 active licensed pharmacists was conducted. This analysis includes only 269 (74%) participants who reported being married. Outcome measures were family commitment (need for family commitment, spouse’s family commitment), work-related characteristics (work challenge, stress, workload, flexibility of work schedule), and job and career satisfaction. Married participants’ mean age was 48 (SD = 18) years; the male to female ratio was 1:1; 73% worked in retail settings and 199 (74%) completed the family commitment questions. Females reported a higher need for family commitment than males (p = 0.02) but there was no significant difference in satisfaction with the commitment. Work challenge and work load were significantly associated with higher need for family commitment (p < 0.01), when controlled for age, gender, number of dependents, work status, and practice setting. Higher work challenge was associated with higher career satisfaction. Higher job related stress was associated with lower job satisfaction. High work challenge and work load may negatively impact family function since married pharmacists would need higher family commitment from their counterparts. The impact of work-family interactions on pharmacy career satisfaction should be further investigated.
Study on the Sensing Coating of the Optical Fibre CO2 Sensor
Authors: Wysokiński Karol , Napierała Marek , Stańczyk Tomasz , Lipiński Stanisław , Nasiłowski Tomasz
Published: December 2015

Optical fibre carbon dioxide (CO2) sensors are reported in this article. The principle of operation of the sensors relies on the absorption of light transmitted through the fibre by a silica gel coating containing active dyes, including methyl red, thymol blue and phenol red. Stability of the sensor has been investigated for the first time for an absorption based CO2 optical fiber sensor. Influence of the silica gel coating thickness on the sensitivity and response time has also been studied. The impact of temperature and humidity on the sensor performance has been examined too. Response times of reported sensors are very short and reach 2–3 s, whereas the sensitivity of the sensor ranges from 3 to 10 for different coating thicknesses. Reported parameters make the sensor suitable for indoor and industrial use.
La biodiversité en question
Authors: Gosselin Frédéric
Published: December 2015

Nous abordons ici trois problèmes sous-jacents d’une part à la notion de diversité spécifique, d’autre part au lien entre diversité et conservation des espèces. Nous insistons d’abord sur le manque de cohérence des définitions retenues : tantôt rattachée à la notion de variété, tantôt à celle de variabilité, incluant parfois l’homme ou les services écosystémiques, la biodiversité ne semble pas avoir de définition stabilisée. Second problème : il est souvent fait référence aux deux composantes indépendantes que seraient l’équitabilité et la richesse spécifique. Pourtant, nous verrons que par construction on ne peut pas considérer que ce soit le cas, notamment pour les faibles niveaux de richesse spécifique. Troisième problème : la notion de diversité des espèces prend en compte le nombre d’espèces et leur abondance relative. Deux communautés avec les mêmes espèces et les mêmes répartitions relatives d’abondance entre espèces auront la même diversité, même si la seconde a un niveau d’abondance globale plus élevé que la première. Or la viabilité des espèces est davantage liée à leur abondance absolue qu’à leur abondance relative. C’est pourquoi les analyses de biodiversité centrées autour de la conservation des espèces ne peuvent se contenter de données d’abondances relatives – et donc de la seule notion de diversité d’espèces – mais doivent impérativement inclure aussi des données d’abondance absolue et de répartition.
La biodiversité en question
Authors: Casetta Elena
Published: December 2015

Si l’on regarde à la naissance du mot biodiversité , les espèces jouent un rôle fondamental. Néanmoins, la notion d’espèce est difficile à cerner – au point que dans la littérature on parle d’un véritable « problème de l’espèce » – et plusieurs auteurs ont suggéré de l’abandonner. Ce chapitre vise à défendre l’utilité de la notion d’espèce par rapport à l’évaluation et à la conservation de la biodiversité en prenant en considération les difficultés que les détracteurs de la notion soulignent – tout particulièrement l’objection selon laquelle la biodiversité ne serait pas les espèces et le désaccord sur le comptage des espèces résultant du pluralisme taxinomique. Dans le premier cas, on montre que l’objection rate sa cible ; dans le second cas, on suggère à l’aide d’une étude de cas que le désaccord est plus substantiel mais aussi qu’il peut être circonvenu.
The Socioeconomic and Ethnic Segregation of Living Conditions in Copenhagen
Authors: Møller Iver Hornemann , Larsen Jørgen Elm
Published: December 2015

The aim of this article is to analyze the discrepancies between certain aspects of living conditions of ethnic Danes and immigrants in Copenhagen. Copenhagen is quite prosperous and fares well in the globalized economy but is at the same time experiencing increasing poverty and ethnic segregation. Differences in income have increased spatial segregation in Copenhagen in terms of housing and education. This segregation is most visible in relation to highly educated Danes and immigrants from non-Western countries. The article first examines poverty at household level and its spatial dimensions. Secondly, it considers other living conditions (for example social networks). Thirdly, it explores immigrants’ experiences of, among other things, education, employment and citizenship. It concludes that social cohesion in Copenhagen may be threatened if this segregation continues.
Hacia un abordaje multidimensional y multiescalar de la cuestión ecológica: La perspectiva del buen vivir
Authors: Haidar Victoria , Berros María Valeria
Published: December 2015

Este artículo propone reponer el carácter multidimensional y multiescalar que asume la cuestión ecológica en el interior de la propuesta del “buen vivir” en Ecuador y en Bolivia a partir de tres ejes: i) los múltiples significados sobre la naturaleza que conviven en las regulaciones y en los planes nacionales de ambos países, ii) la afirmación sobre la interdependencia y la complementariedad de los derechos reconocidos a la naturaleza con relación a los derechos individuales y colectivos, iii) la circulación de estas propuestas desde el territorio andino en América Latina hacia el espacio global.
Manufacturing of Smart Nanomaterials for Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) in Aerospace Application Using CNT and CNF
Authors: Nisha M.S. , Singh Dalbir
Published: December 2015

In this present work, the experimental study of developing the smart material by using 2 different preparation methods for developing nanomaterial for Glass fiber reinforced polymers (GFRP) in order to determine the structural damage. The first method deals with the development of Fiber mat using PVA-CNF (Poly vinyl Alcohol-Carbon nanoFiber) and PVA-CNT (Poly vinyl Alcohol – Carbon nanoTube) , which is embedded into the GFRP. Second method deals with the dispersion of both CNF and MWCNT with epoxy matrix (sonication process) to manufacture GFRP by using Vacuum Resin Transfer Molding (VARTM) process. Embedding CNT and CNF fiber is easy which does not downgrade the material’s mechanical properties. PVA-CNF and PVA-CNT sensors were placed at various orientations and different wt. % of CNT and CNF fiber mat were manufacture and embedded on the GFRP has been done in first method, and in the second method, dispersion of the CNF-MWCNT with various wt. % in the GFRP composite has been done. The various incremental loading-unloading step had been applied to the manufactured specimens and their corresponding electrical resistance were observed. The electrical conductivity of the fiber sensor and nanomatrix were compared, due to its resistivity effect on the specimens will be monitored and simultaneously the potential for stress/strain and damage monitoring during the mechanical tests can be assessed.
Control of Structure and Properties of Nanostructured Multilayer Composite Coatings Applied to Cutting Tools as a Way to Improve Efficiency of Technological Cutting Operations
Authors: Vereschaka Anatoliy Stepanovich , Vereschaka Alexey Anatolevich , Sladkov D.V. , Aksenenko A.Yu. , Sitnikov N.N.
Published: December 2015

The study considers the challenge of improving the efficiency of dry finishing and semi-finishing turning of (P10-P20) steel with carbide tools with complex composition coatings by directed selection of the composition and properties of the coatings through the control of the parameters of the filtered cathodic vacuum-arc deposition (FCVAD). The conducted tests have confirmed the feasibility and effectiveness of the control of compositions, structures, and properties of complex composite coatings of Ti-TiN-TiAlN type by varying the parameters of the FCVAD process. In particular, it has been found out that the ratio of Ti/Al, which greatly affects the important properties of the coating (grain size, lattice parameter, microhardness, fracture toughness, etc.), can be changed at constant compositions of cathodes by varying such parameters of coating synthesis as titanium cathode arc current, nitrogen pressure, and substrate shear stress. It has been shown that Ti-TiN-TiAlN coating produced at different values of the parameters of synthesis significantly changes the cutting properties of carbide tool and thus allows optimizing the coating composition for a variety of machining conditions.The developed methods are also applicable for multi-component complex composite coatings.
The Effects of Liquid Environment on Ablation Efficiency and Morphology of Gold Nanoparticles Prepared by Laser Ablation Technique
Authors: Al-Azawi Mohammed A. , Bidin Noriah , Bououdina Mohamed , Alshanableh Abdelelah , Salih Ethar Y.
Published: December 2015

Gold (Au) nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by pulsed laser (Nd:YAG, 1064 nm) ablation of an individual target in deionized water (DIW), pure ethanol, and mixture of DIW and ethanol with different concentrations of ethanol. The effects of ambient liquid environment on ablation efficiency, stability, and size of Au NPs were experimentally investigated. The optical spectral characterization and morphological observations were determined by UV-Vis spectrophotometer and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. Particles are nearly spherical in shape in all liquid environments. The ablation experiment was initially performed by using DIW as the reference sample. The obtained Au NPs have an average particle size of about 18.71±7.50 nm. The comparison of the experimental results with the reference sample after a storage time of 48 h revealed that Au NPs in pure ethanol medium were not stable and exhibited much lower ablation efficiency and broader size distribution with an average particle size of 23.83±11.65 nm. Addition of ethanol with different volumes to the DIW significantly improved Au NPs properties in the mixture. The optimum ethanol concentration in the mixture was determined to be 70 vol%, which yielded the maximum ablation efficiency, rather narrow size distribution, and controllable size (12.43±8.10 nm) of Au NPs. A simple method for controlling the properties of Au NPs produced in the binary mixture of DIW-ethanol by laser ablation technique is presented.
Annotated checklist of Chinese mainland Dasyvalgus, with description of nine new species (Coleoptera Scarabaeidae Cetoniinae)
Authors: Ricchiardi Enrico , Li Sha
Published: December 2015

The genus Dasyvalgus, is the largest of Valgina and in mainland China was previously represented by five species only. Nine new species (D. becvariensis, D. benesi, D. ligthbrowni, D. minutus, D. motuoensis, D. paratomentatus, D. rufipes, D. tomentatus, D. varius) are here described and illustrated. Including the new species, new synonymies and new records, presented here, the mainland Chinese Dasyvalgus now consists of seventeen species. Moreover, the females of five species are described or illustrated, and a key for the identification of the males is provided.
Segnalazioni Faunistiche Italiane
Authors: V.V. A.A.
Published: December 2015

594 - Harmonia axyridis (Pallas, 1773) (Coleoptera Coccinellidae)595 - Harpalus (Harpalus) atratus Latreille, 1804 (Coleoptera Carabidae)
Is the diversity of the Beach Flies adequately known? Some notes on the state of the art of current knowledge (Diptera: Canacidae)
Authors: Munari Lorenzo
Published: December 2015

An overview of the major zoogeographical gaps in our knowledge of the world beach flies (subfamilies Apetaeninae, Horaismopterinae, Pelomyiinae, and Tethininae) is provided. The identified areas treated in this work are as follows: the subarctic Beringia, the South American circum-Antarctic islands, the Neotropical Region south of the equator, most of the West African seacoasts, the huge area ranging from India, across the Bay of Bengal, to Sumatra and Java, and most of Australia. Apart from the inhospitable northernmost and southernmost areas of the planet, which feature a real very low biodiversity, the remaining vast areas dealt with in this work woefully suffer a dramatic paucity of field collections, as well as of previously collected materials preserved in scientific institutions. This might seem a truism that, however, must be emphasized in order to unequivocally identify the geographic areas that need to be further investigated
Bollettino della Società Entomologica Italiana - Vol 147, No 3
Authors: Italiana Società Entomologica
Published: December 2015

Bollettino della Società Entomologica Italiana Vol 147, No 315 dicembre 2015
Exploring valrubicin’s effect on Propionibacterium acnes-induced skin inflammation in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Rottboell Louise , De Foenss Sarah , Thomsen Kenneth , Christiansen Helle , Andersen Stine M. , Dam Thomas N. , Rosada Cecilia , Stenderup Karin
Published: December 2015

Acne is a common skin disease involving colonization with Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes), hyperproliferation of the follicular epithelium and inflammatory events. Valrubicin is a second-generation anthracycline, non-toxic upon contact, and available in a topical formulation. Valrubicin’s predecessor doxorubicin possesses antibacterial effects and previously we demonstrated that valrubicin inhibits keratinocyte proliferation and skin inflammation suggesting beneficial topical treatment of acne with valrubicin. This study aims to investigate valrubicin’s possible use in acne treatment by testing valrubicin’s antibacterial effects against P. acnes and P. acnes-induced skin inflammation in vitro and in vivo. Valrubicin was demonstrated not to possess antibacterial effects against P. acnes. Additionally, valrubicin was demonstrated not to reduce mRNA and protein expression levels of the inflammatory markers interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in vitro in human keratinocytes co-cultured with P. acnes. Moreover, in vivo, valrubicin, applied both topically and intra-dermally, was not able to reduce signs of inflammation in mouse ears intra-dermally injected with P. acnes. Taken together, this study does not support beneficial antibacterial and anti inflammatory effects of topical valrubicin treatment of acne.
Technical note: Detection of dimethylamine in the low pptv range using nitrate Chemical Ionization-Atmospheric Pressure interface-Time Of Flight (CI-APi-TOF) mass spectrometry
Authors: Simon M. , Heinritzi M. , Herzog S. , Leiminger M. , Bianchi F. , Praplan A. , Dommen J. , Curtius J. , Kürten A.
Published: December 2015

Abstract. Amines are potentially important for atmospheric new particle formation and therefore the demand for highly sensitive gas phase amine measurements has emerged in the last several years. Nitrate Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry (CIMS) is routinely used for the measurement of gas phase-sulfuric acid in the sub-pptv range. Furthermore, Extremely Low Volatile Organic Compounds (ELVOCs) can be detected with a nitrate CIMS. In this study we demonstrate that a nitrate CIMS can also be used for the sensitive measurement of dimethylamine ((CH3)2NH, DMA) using the NO3−(HNO3)1-2(DMA) cluster ion signals. This observation was made at the CLOUD aerosol chamber, which was also used for calibration measurements. Good linearity between 0 and ~120 pptv of DMA as well as a sub-pptv detection limit of 0.7 pptv for a 10 min integration time are demonstrated at 278 K and 38 % RH.
Socialinio darbuotojo patiriamos problemos dirbant su socialinės rizikos šeimomis
Authors: Stasiūnaitienė Eglė , Mažeikaitė Simona
Published: December 2015

Socialinis darbas su socialinės rizikos šeimomis yra įvairiapusiškai sudėtingas. Socialinis darbuotojas, stengdamasis padėti socialinės rizikos šeimoms įveikti iškilusias problemas, dažnai pats susiduria su situacijomis, kurios kelia grėsmę ne tik psichologiniam, bet ir fiziniam jo saugumui. Tyrimo rezultatų analizė atskleidė, kad socialiniai darbuotojai dažniausiai patiria problemų bendraudami su socialinės rizikos šeimomis, teikdami socialines paslaugas joms bei lankydamiesi šių šeimų namuose. Šių problemų socialiniai darbuotojai patiria dėl socialinės rizikos šeimų narių priešiško nusistatymo prieš jų teikiamą profesionalią pagalbą, bendravimo vengimo, motyvacijos stokos ir pasyvumo keistis. Atlikus tyrimą paaiškėjo, kad didžioji dalis socialinių darbuotojų jaučia nerimą vykdami į socialinės rizikos šeimų namus dėl kylančios grėsmės jų fiziniam ir psichologiniam saugumui. Tyrime dalyvavusieji socialiniai darbuotojai pažymėjo, kad jiems trūksta glaudesnio bendradarbiavimo su kitomis institucijomis, socialiniais partneriais.
Bandymai su gyvūnais ir gyvūninės kilmės ingredientų bei jų alternatyvų naudojimas kosmetikos pramonėje
Authors: Gončarova Viktorija , Grūnovienė Danguolė
Published: December 2015

Pasaulyje, ypač išsivysčiusiose šalyse, kosmetikos pramonėje bandymai su gyvūnais išlieka vienu iš brutaliausių ir nehumaniškiausių metodų, išmėginant naujas kosmetines priemones ar jų ingredientus. Dar ir šiandien yra naudojami primityvūs tyrimo metodai, tokie kaip Draize ir LD50 testai. Nežinomi skaičiai gyvūnų, dažniausiai triušių, pelių ir žiurkių, yra naudojami įvairiuose kosmetikos, asmens higienos, namų ūkio priemonių, cheminių medžiagų, medicinos preparatų saugaus naudojimo bandymuose. Reakcija į visus šiuos produktus kiekvienai gyvybės formai yra skirtinga, todėl nėra lengva bandymais su gyvūnais surinktus duomenis pritaikyti situacijoms, kurios yra susijusios su produktų daromu poveikiu žmogaus organizmui. Cheminių medžiagų bandymų su gyvūnais metodai netenkina žmonių poreikių, o naujų atradimų alternatyvos lėmė tobulesnių metodų, kuriuose nėra naudojami gyvūnai, atsiradimą [11]. Kyla klausimas, ar kosmetikos bandymai su gyvūnais yra efektyvus būdas ištirti kosmetinių priemonių poveikį žmogaus organizmui? Ar atsižvelgiant į testuojamų gyvūnų fiziologiją galima teigti, kad tyrimų rezultatai tiks ir žmonėms? Vis daugiau šalių draudžia kosmetinių produktų bandymus su gyvūnais. Šio tyrimo tikslas: atskleisti Lietuvos ir Latvijos vartotojų nuomonę apie bandymus su gyvūnais ir gyvūninės kilmės ingredientų naudojimą kosmetikos pramonėje. Tyrimo rezultatai rodo, kad dalyvavę apklausoje Lietuvos ir Latvijos gyventojai nepritaria bandymams su gyvūnais ir pasisako už alternatyvius metodus. Tiriamieji turi mažai informacijos apie bandymus, jų daromą žalą gyvūnams.
La ley de Hume en Hume: la discusión de la interpretación analítica de Treatise III, 1, i
Authors: Widow Lira Felipe
Published: December 2015

La regla lógica que prohíbe inferir conclusiones morales o normativas desde premisas fácticas fue atribuida a David Hume por los primeros autores analíticos que se ocuparon de esta cuestión (Hare, Prior, Nowell-Smith), llegando a ser conocida, esta regla, como la ley de Hume. Sin embargo, esta atribución ha sido fuertemente discutida desde entonces. El propósito de este trabajo es sistematizar los argumentos de esta discusión desde su origen -que se encuentra en un trabajo de A.C. MacIntyrehasta la intervención de J.M. Finnis, en razón de que en tal período, aunque no se cierra la discusión en cuestión, quedan ya enunciados todos los problemas centrales que envuelve la interpretación del texto de Hume.
Filosofía híbrida y vitalismo racional en Canguilhem y Ortega y Gasset
Authors: Vázquez García Francisco
Published: December 2015

Este artículo explora el problema de la síntesis entre vitalismo y racionalismo, dentro de la filosofía contemporánea. Para ello comparamos las trayectorias intelectuales de Georges Canguilhem (1904-1995) y José Ortega y Gasset (1883-1955). Se contrastan sus concepciones de la filosofía como saber “híbrido”, vinculado a la ciencia, así como sus puntos de vista sobre el vitalismo, la antropología, la técnica y el perspectivismo. Para evitar que la comparación sea puramente abstracta y ahistórica, se recurre al método de la sociología de la filosofía. Esto obliga a situar ambas trayectorias en sus respectivos campos filosóficos y unidades generacionales, atendiendo también a su procedencia social y a su carrera profesional.
The Collusion of Feminist and Postmodernist Impulses in E.L. Doctorow’s "Ragtime"
Authors: Ferrández San Miguel María
Published: December 2015

Many critics of Doctorow have classified him as a postmodernist writer, acknowledging that a wide number of thematic and stylistic features of his early fiction emanate from the postmodern context in which he took his first steps as a writer. Yet, these novels have an eminently social and ethical scope that may be best perceived in their intellectual engagement and support of feminist concerns. This is certainly the case of Doctorow’s fourth and most successful novel, Ragtime. The purpose of this paper will be two-fold. I will explore Ragtime’s indebtedness to postmodern aesthetics and themes, but also its feminist elements. Thus, on the one hand, I will focus on issues of uncertainty, indeterminacy of meaning, plurality and decentering of subjectivity; on the other hand, I will examine the novel’s attitude towards gender oppression, violence and objectification, its denunciation of hegemonic gender configurations and its voicing of certain feminist demands. This analysis will lead to an examination of the problematic collusion of the mostly white, male, patriarchal aesthetics of postmodernism and feminist politics in the novel. I will attempt to establish how these two traditionally conflicting modes coexist and interact in Ragtime.
On a first-name basis: Englishization and naming in Flanders
Authors: Zenner Eline , Marzo Stefania
Published: December 2015

Following and contributing to the ongoing shift from more structuralist, system-oriented to more pragmatic, socio-cultural oriented anglicism research, this paper verifies to what extent the global spread of English affects naming patterns in Flanders. To this end, a diachronic database of first names is constructed, containing the top 75 most popular boy and girl names from 2005 until 2014. In a first step, the etymological background of these names is documented and the evolution in popularity of the English names in the database is tracked. Results reveal no notable surge in the preference for English names. This paper complements these database-driven results with an experimental study, aiming to show how associations through referents are in this case more telling than associations through phonological form (here based on etymology). Focusing on the socio-cultural background of first names in general and of Anglo-American pop culture in particular, the second part of the study specifically reports on results from a survey where participants are asked to name the first three celebrities that leap to mind when hearing a certain first name (e.g. Lana, triggering the response Del Rey). Very clear associations are found between certain first names and specific celebrities from Anglo-American pop culture. Linking back to marketing research and the social turn in onomastics, we will discuss how these celebrities might function as referees, and how social stereotypes surrounding these referees are metonymically attached to their first names. Similar to the country-of-origin-effect in marketing, these metonymical links could very well be the reason why parents select specific “celebrity names”. Although further attitudinal research is needed, this paper supports the importance of including socio-cultural parameters when conducting onomastic research.
Testing of DNA isolation for the identification of hemp
Authors: Vyhnánek Tomáš , Trojan Václav , Štiasna Klára , Presinszká Mária , Mrkvicová Eva , Hřivna Luděk , Havel Ladislav
Published: December 2015

Hemp is diploid organism (2n = 2x = 20, genome size 534 Mb) with nine pairs of autosomes plus XX (♀) or XY (♂) chromosomes. Cannabis sativa L. is an important economic plant for the production of food, fibre, oils, and intoxicants. Genotypes (varieties or chemovar) of hemp with low Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol content are used for industrial applications. Varieties with high Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol or high cannabidiol content are used for medicinal applications. Biochemical and molecular methods can be used for identification and classification. An important step for molecular biology methods is to obtain the matrix of the native and sufficiently pure DNA. We tested two different experimental variant of samples (20 mg and 100 mg) of seeds, oilcake and dried flowers for analysis of the Italian variety Carmagnola for analysis (harvested in 2014, Hempoint Ltd., Czech Republic). The DNeasy® Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen, GE) was used to isolate the DNA. The DNA concentration and purity was assessed by agarose electrophoresis and via a spectrophotometer. Samples of lower weight yielded lower values of DNA concentration (average 16.30 - 38.90 ng.µL-1), but with better purity than samples of higher weight (ratio A260nm/A280nm for low-weight samples was near 1.80). To test the applicability of DNA analysis, we used two SSR markers (CAN1347 and CAN2913). PCR products were separated on 1% agarose and on 8% polyacrylamide electrophoresis. DNA samples obtained from samples of higher weight exhibited less PCR amplification than samples of lower weight. We found no effect of sample weight on the formation of non-specific amplification products during the PCR reaction. Based on our results we can be recommended for practical isolation procedure using DNeasy® Plant Mini Kit with lower of sample weight (20 mg). In future work the procedure for DNA isolating from wheat-cannabis products, e. g. breads, rolls or pasta, will be optimized.
Effect Of Chromium Nicotinate On Oxidative Stability, Chemical Composition And Meat Quality Of Growing-Finishing Pigs
Authors: Bučko Ondřej , Lehotayová Andrea , Haščí­k Peter , Bahelka Ivan , Gábor Michal , Bobko Marek , Debrecéni Ondrej , Trembecká Lenka
Published: December 2015

The effect of different organic sources of Cr on growth, feed efficiency and carcass value is known but there is a lack of information between chromium nicotinate (CrNic) and pork quality. Therefore, purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of CrNic on chemical composition, quality and oxidative stability of pork meat. In the study, pigs of Large White breed (40 pcs) were used. The pigs were divided into two groups, namely the control and the experimental of 20 pcs with equal number of barrows and gilts. The pigs were fed the same diet which consisted of three feed mixtures applied at the different growth phases, from 30 - 45 kg OS-03, 45 - 70 kg OS-04 and 70 - 100 kg OS-05. The pigs were allowed ad libitum access to feed and water. The diet of experimental group was supplemented with 0.75 mg.kg-1 CrNic in the form of chromium-inactivated yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The fattening period in pigs lasted from 30 to 100 kg. The chromium supplementation led to a significantly higher content of chromium in longissimus thoracis muscle (LT) of experimental pigs. In addition, the results showed a statistically significant difference (p ≤0.05) in retention of chromium in the LT, monounsaturated and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids content in experimental group compared with control. Moreover, there was highly significant (p £0.05) difference in essential fatty acids, as well as in oxidative stability in 7 days, among the groups. The highly significant differences were also observed among sexes, namely in total water, protein and intramuscular fat contents, colour CIE b* in both times, and oxidative stability. However, physical-technological parameters (pH, drip loss, shear force and meat colour) were not affected when pigs were fed the supplement. On the whole, the positive effect of chromium nicotinate in most of investigated parameters may be beneficial not only for pork industry but also for consumers.
Porphyreon through the Ages: The Fading Archaeological Heritage of the Lebanese Coast
Authors: Waliszewski Tomasz , Gwiazda Mariusz
Published: December 2015

Ancient Porphyreon (Jiyeh/Nebi Younis) was a large rural settlement located on the coast of modern-day Lebanon, near the Phoenician city of Sidon. This article presents the initial research results of the stratigraphic data, extending from at least the eighth century BC to the seventh century AD, and explores how Phoenician village functioned. Analysis proves that it played a significant role in the local economy—on the one hand, providing for the city of Sidon and, on the other, mediating the exchange of goods with rural settlements, scattered across the mountainous hinterland. Uncovering the mysteries of this coastal settlement is extremely important, especially in light of the increasing threat to the archaeological heritage of Lebanon.
Greco-Roman Burial Practices in the Bekaa Valley, Lebanon, and Its Adjacent Uplands
Authors: Newson Paul
Published: December 2015

Within the Bekaa Valley of Lebanon and its environs, various forms of burial have been noted from earlier surveys and more recently from chance excavations. The dominant geology of the Bekaa is limestone, which is easy to cut and shape, making it an excellent material for both funerary structures and artifacts. Burial structures along with evidence of funerary activities provide a range of types, which can be spatially located across the valley—potentially telling us about settlement and local cultural customs. This article will provide insight into what is known about Greco-Roman-period burials, with an emphasis on the early Roman period when the Bekaa was incorporated into the Roman colony of Berytus (Beirut).
New Conditions of Saturation of Aqueous Solutions for the Modeling of Regions of Solid Phases
Authors: Yusupov R.A. , Dinh Z.T , Bakhteev S.A.
Published: December 2015

In modeling the regions of precipitation and formation of thin films, we used four conditions: 1. The rule of solubility product; 2. The rule of molecular solubility; 3. The rule of solubility by intermediate; 4. Condition of precipitate of priority. This technique was used to build mathematical models of equilibriums from the pH of solution, concentration of reactants, and temperature. Mathematical models were also developed on the basis of experimental data obtained by potentiometry, residual concentration, thermogravimetry, etc. This model considers fluctuations of the pH of solution and predicts the chemical composition of compounds. It has been demonstrated that in synthesizing target compounds, the possibility of processes of fluctuations must be taken into account. A systemic mathematical model has been designed to optimize the synthesis of thin films and target compounds.