bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Outcomes in very elderly ICU patients surgically treated for proximal femur fractures
Authors: Heuer Annika , Müller Jakob , Strahl André , Fensky Florian , Daniels Rikus , Theile Pauline , Frosch Karl-Heinz , Kluge Stefan , Hubert Jan , Thiesen Darius , Roedl Kevin
Published: January 2024

Proximal femur fractures (PFF) are a common injury in elderly patients that significantly impact mobility and daily living activities. Mortality rates in this population are also high, making effective treatment essential. Recent advances in intensive and geriatric care have enabled complex surgical interventions that were previously not feasible. However, there is a lack of studies focusing on outcome parameters in very elderly patients (≥ 90 years) who receive intensive care treatment following PFFs. In this retrospective study, we analyzed multi-layered data of 148 patients who were 90 years or older and received intensive care after trauma and orthopedic surgical treatment for PFFs or periprosthetic fractures between 2009 and 2019. All patients received a 365-day follow-up. To identify potential predictors of mortality, all deceased and surviving patients were subjected to multiple logistic regression analyses. We found that 22% of patients deceased during in-hospital care, and one-year survival was 44%. Independent predictors of one-year all-cause mortality included higher CCI and SOFA scores at ICU admission. Overall, 53% of patients who resided in private dwellings prior to admission were able to return home. Our study highlights the utility of using CCI and SOFA scores at ICU admission as prognostic indicators in critically ill very elderly patients who undergo surgical treatment for PFFs. These scores can provide valuable insight into the severity of illness and potential outcomes, which can inform resource allocation, prioritize endangered patients, and aid in end-of-life discussions and planning with patients and their families. Our findings can help improve the management of PFFs in very elderly patients and contribute to optimized patient care.
Selective ensemble method for anomaly detection based on parallel learning
Authors: Liu Yansong , Zhu Li , Ding Lei , Huang Zifeng , Sui He , Wang Shuang , Song Yuedong
Published: January 2024

Anomaly detection is a highly important task in the field of data analysis. Traditional anomaly detection approaches often strongly depend on data size, structure and features, while introducing the idea of ensemble into anomaly detection can greatly improve the generalization ability. Ensemble-based anomaly detection methods still face some challenges, however, such as data imbalance, time and space demand and the selection of base detectors. To this end, we propose a selective ensemble method for anomaly detection based on parallel learning (SEAD-PL). First, a differentiated stratified sampling method is designed to alleviate the problem of data imbalance. Then, a distributed parallel training frame is built to address the problem of excessive time and space consumption for base detector training. Finally, a clustering-based ensemble selection strategy is introduced to balance the accuracy and diversity of base detectors. Experiments are performed on six datasets, which demonstrate that the proposed method has obvious advantages over four selected methods.
Optimization of table tennis target detection algorithm guided by multi-scale feature fusion of deep learning
Authors: Rong Zhang
Published: January 2024

This paper aims to propose a table tennis target detection (TD) method based on deep learning (DL) and multi-scale feature fusion (MFF) to improve the detection accuracy of the ball in table tennis competition, optimize the training process of athletes, and improve the technical level. In this paper, DL technology is used to improve the accuracy of table tennis TD through MFF guidance. Initially, based on the FAST Region-based Convolutional Neural Network (FAST R-CNN), the TD is carried out in the table tennis match. Then, through the method of MFF guidance, different levels of feature information are fused, which improves the accuracy of TD. Through the experimental verification on the test set, it is found that the mean Average Precision (mAP) value of the target detection algorithm (TDA) proposed here reaches 87.3%, which is obviously superior to other TDAs and has higher robustness. The DL TDA combined with the proposed MFF can be applied to various detection fields and can help the application of TD in real life.
Proton-FLASH: effects of ultra-high dose rate irradiation on an in-vivo mouse ear model
Authors: Rudigkeit Sarah , Schmid Thomas E. , Dombrowsky Annique C. , Stolz Jessica , Bartzsch Stefan , Chen Ce-Belle , Matejka Nicole , Sammer Matthias , Bergmaier Andreas , Dollinger Günther , Reindl Judith
Published: January 2024

FLASH-radiotherapy may provide significant sparing of healthy tissue through ultra-high dose rates in protons, electrons, and x-rays while maintaining the tumor control. Key factors for the FLASH effect might be oxygen depletion, the immune system, and the irradiated blood volume, but none could be fully confirmed yet. Therefore, further investigations are necessary. We investigated the protective (tissue sparing) effect of FLASH in proton treatment using an in-vivo mouse ear model. The right ears of Balb/c mice were irradiated with 20 MeV protons at the ion microprobe SNAKE in Garching near Munich by using three dose rates (Conv = 0.06 Gy/s, Flash9 = 9.3 Gy/s and Flash930 = 930 Gy/s) at a total dose of 23 Gy or 33 Gy. The ear thickness, desquamation, and erythema combined in an inflammation score were measured for 180 days. The cytokines TGF-β1, TNF-α, IL1α, and IL1β were analyzed in the blood sampled in the first 4 weeks and at termination day. No differences in inflammation reactions were visible in the 23 Gy group for the different dose rates. In the 33 Gy group, the ear swelling and the inflammation score for Flash9 was reduced by (57 ± 12) % and (67 ± 17) % and for Flash930 by (40 ± 13) % and (50 ± 17) % compared to the Conv dose rate. No changes in the cytokines in the blood could be measured. However, an estimation of the irradiated blood volume demonstrates, that 100-times more blood is irradiated when using Conv compared to using Flash9 or Flash930. This indicates that blood might play a role in the underlying mechanisms in the protective effect of FLASH.
Radiation effect on stagnation point flow of Casson nanofluid past a stretching plate/cylinder
Authors: Mahabaleshwar U. S. , Maranna T. , Mishra Manoranjan , Hatami M. , Sunden Bengt
Published: January 2024

The exclusive behaviour of nanofluid has been actively emphasized due to the determination of improved thermal efficiency. Hence, the aim of this study is to highlight the laminar boundary layer axisymmetric stagnation point flow of Casson nanofluid past a stretching plate/cylinder under the influence of thermal radiation and suction/injection. Nanofluid comprises water andFe3O4as nanoparticles. In this article, a novel casson nanofluid model has been developed and studied on stretchable flat plate or circular cylinder. Adequate rational assumptions (velocity components) are employed for the transformation of the governing partial-differential equations into a group of non-dimensional ordinary-differential formulas, which are then solved analytically. The momentum and energy equations are solved through the complementary error function method and scaling quantities. Using various figures, the effects of essential factors on the nanofluid flow, heat transportation, and Nusselt number, are determined and explored. From obtained results, it is observed that the velocity field diminishes owing to magnification in stretching parameter$$B$$Band Casson fluid parameter$$\Lambda$$Λ. The temperature field increases by amplifying radiation$$N_{r}$$Nr, and solid volume fraction parameter$$\phi$$ϕ. The research is applicable to developing procedures for electric-conductive nanomaterials, which have potential applications in aircraft, smart coating transport phenomena, industry, engineering, and other sectors.
Tumefactive demyelinating lesions: a retrospective cohort study in Thailand
Authors: Ongphichetmetha Tatchaporn , Aungsumart Saharat , Siritho Sasitorn , Apiwattanakul Metha , Tanboon Jantima , Rattanathamsakul Natthapon , Prayoonwiwat Naraporn , Jitprapaikulsan Jiraporn
Published: January 2024

Tumefactive demyelinating lesions (TDL), characterized by large (≥ 2 cm) demyelinating lesions mimicking tumors, are a rare manifestation of the central nervous system inflammatory demyelinating diseases (CNS-IDD). Distinguishing TDL from other brain lesions can be challenging, often necessitating biopsy or advanced diagnostics. The natural history of TDL varies among races. This study aimed to assess demographics, clinical and radiological features, laboratory findings, management, and outcomes of Thai patients with TDL. We retrospectively reviewed records of twenty-six patients with TDL from the Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders registry from two tertiary medical centers. Among 1102 CNS-IDD patients, 26 (2.4%) had TDL. The median age at TDLs onset was 34.5 years (range 17–75); 69.2% were female. Over 70% manifested TDL as their initial CNS-IDD presentation. Common presenting symptoms included motor deficits, sensory disturbances, and cognitive problems. About two-fifths exhibited multiple lesions, most frequently in the frontoparietal region (46.2%). Half of the patients showed an incomplete ring on post-contrast T1-weighted imaging, with peripheral diffusion-weighted imaging restriction in twenty-one patients. T2-hypointense rims were present in thirteen (56.5%) patients. Brain biopsy was performed in 12 cases (46.1%). Serum aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin was positive in 16.7% of tested (4/24) cases. Serum myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein immunoglobulin was negative in all thirteen patients tested. Twenty patients (76.9%) received intravenous corticosteroids for TDL attacks. After the median follow-up period of 48 months (range 6–300), 23.1% experienced CNS-IDD relapses. Median Expanded Disability Status Scale at TDL diagnosis was 4.3 (range 0.0–9.5), and improved to 3.0 (range 0.0–10.0) at the last follow-up. This study suggested that TDL were rare among Thai CNS-IDD patients, frequently presenting as a monophasic condition with a favorable outcome.
Attention influences the effects of the previous form orientation on the current motion direction estimation
Authors: Wang Si-Yu , Gong Xiu-Mei , Zhan Lin-Zhe , You Fan-Huan , Sun Qi
Published: January 2024

Recent studies have found that the estimates of motion directions are biased toward the previous form orientations, showing serial dependence, and the serial dependence does not involve cognitive abilities. In the current study, we conducted two experiments to investigate whether and how attention—a cognitive ability—affected the serial dependence. The results showed that serial dependence was present in the current study, reproducing the previous findings. Importantly, when the attentional load reduced the reliability (i.e., estimation accuracy and precision) of previous form orientations (Experiment 1), the serial dependence decreased, meaning that the biases of motion direction estimates toward previous form orientations were reduced; in contrast, when the attentional load reduced the reliability of current motion directions (Experiment 2), the serial dependence increased, meaning that the biases of motion direction estimates toward previous form orientations were increased. These trends were well consistent with the prediction of the Bayesian inference theory. Therefore, the current study revealed the involvement of attention in the serial dependence of current motion direction estimation on the previous form orientation, demonstrating that the serial dependence was cognitive and the attentional effect can be a Bayesian inference process, initially revealing its computational mechanism.
FGF19 and its analog Aldafermin cooperate with MYC to induce aggressive hepatocarcinogenesis
Authors: Ursic-Bedoya José , Desandré Guillaume , Chavey Carine , Marie Pauline , Polizzi Arnaud , Rivière Benjamin , Guillou Hervé , Assenat Eric , Hibner Urszula , Gregoire Damien
Published: January 2024

FGF19 hormone has pleiotropic metabolic functions, including the modulation of insulin sensitivity, glucose/lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis. On top of its physiological metabolic role, FGF19 has been identified as a potentially targetable oncogenic driver, notably in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Nevertheless, FGF19 remained an attractive candidate for treatment of metabolic disease, prompting the development of analogs uncoupling its metabolic and tumor-promoting activities. Using pre-clinical mice models of somatic mutation driven HCC, we assessed the oncogenicity of FGF19 in combination with frequent HCC tumorigenic alterations: p53 inactivation, CTNNB1 mutation, CCND1 or MYC overexpression. Our data revealed a strong oncogenic cooperation between FGF19 and MYC. Most importantly, we show that this oncogenic synergy is conserved with a FGF19-analog Aldafermin (NGM282), designed to solely mimic the hormone’s metabolic functions. In particular, even a short systemic treatment with recombinant proteins triggered rapid appearance of proliferative foci of MYC-expressing hepatocytes. The fact that FGF19 analog Aldafermin is not fully devoid of the hormone’s oncogenic properties raises concerns in the context of its potential use for patients with damaged, mutation-prone liver.
Preferential separation of a radioactive TcO4− surrogate from a mixture of oxoanions by a cationic MOF
Authors: Fajal Sahel , Ghosh Dipayan , Mandal Writakshi , Ghosh Sujit K.
Published: January 2024

Separation of a surrogate metal-based toxic oxoanion of radioactive TcO4− from a mixture of other competing metal or non-metal-based oxoanions has been demonstrated by a water stable cationic metal–organic framework (iMOF-C).
Subphthalocyanine-flipper dyads for selective membrane staining
Authors: García-Calvo José , Chen Xiao-Xiao , Sakai Naomi , Matile Stefan , Torres Tomás
Published: January 2024

To increase responsiveness to membrane tension, subphthalocyanine-flipper dyads combine bright, long-lifetime mechanophores in ordered domains with bright, anisotropically, environment-insensitive, short-lifetime enhancers in disordered domains.
Saponin: a green and efficient natural surfactant for Suzuki–Miyaura cross-couplings of heteroaryl substrates in aqueous media at ambient conditions
Authors: Vinayagam Vinothkumar , Sadhukhan Subir Kumar , Kasu Sreenivasa Reddy , Maroju Ravi Kumar , Kumar Tanguturi Venkatanarayana Hajay , Karre Satish Kumar , Baledi Dhurwasulu
Published: January 2024

Herein, we report a commercially available natural saponin acting as a surfactant and serving as a micellar catalyst, enabling Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling effectively with highly challenging heteroaromatic substrates in water at room temperature.
Lab-on-chip technologies for exploring the gut–immune axis in metabolic disease
Authors: Wheeler Alexandra E. , Stoeger Verena , Owens Róisín M.
Published: January 2024

Further development of lab-on-chip platforms is required to create an environment capable of hosting more complex microbiota and immune cells.
New horizons on advanced nanoscale materials for Cultural Heritage conservation
Authors: Mastrangelo Rosangela , Chelazzi David , Baglioni Piero
Published: January 2024

Hydrogels based on sustainable polymers and tailored for specific applications in Cultural Heritage conservation are presented. The system cleaning ability increases with the network tortuosity (water-soluble components) and the gel surface roughness (soil/particulate matter).
Rapid and efficient removal of phosphate by La-doped layered double hydroxide/biochar from aqueous solution
Authors: Qing Zhuolin , Qin Qirui , Wang Liangjie , Jiang Chunsheng , Yang Zekun , Liu Yue , Zhang Shengli , Chen Junmin
Published: January 2024

Layered double hydroxide (LDH) is frequently used for phosphate removal in water, while a desirable LDH adsorbent should have sufficiently high adsorption capacity and selectivity.
A self-cleaning polyacrylonitrile fiber membrane modified by photocatalytic nanoparticles and zwitterionic polymer brushes for oil/water separation
Authors: Shao Yanming , An Jun , Hao Caifeng , Zhao Zhizhen , Kang Mengyi , Zhao Huanhuan , Rong Xuan , Zhao Min
Published: January 2024

A superhydrophilic oil/water emulsion separation membrane with visible light driven self-cleaning performance was prepared by electrospinning and surface grafting strategy.
Novel porphyrin-based donor–acceptor conjugated organic polymers for efficient photocatalytic production of hydrogen peroxide in pure water
Authors: Zhang Renbao , Zhao Hui , Pan Chengsi , Zhang Jiawei , Jian Liang , Sun Xinyu , Ji Rong , Li Jiawei , Dong Yuming , Zhu Yongfa
Published: January 2024

The N–H bond on the porphyrin ring serves as the O2 reduction site and undergoes a two-step one-electron oxygen reduction. Meanwhile, the benzene ring serves as the water oxidation site and undergoes 4e− water oxidation to produce O2.
Cooperative dissolution of peptidomimetic vesicles and amyloid β fibrils
Authors: Dinda Soumik , Ghosh Debasis , Govindaraju Thimmaiah
Published: January 2024

Cooperative dissolution of drug-loaded peptidomimetic vesicles and amyloid β (Aβ) fibrils allows for the development of therapeutic formulations to modulate disorders associated with amyloid toxicity.
Dual-color photoluminescence modulation of zero-dimensional hybrid copper halide microcrystals
Authors: Dastidar Rahul Ghosh , Okamoto Takuya , Takahashi Kiyonori , Takano Yuta , Vijayakumar Chakkooth , Subrahmanyam Challapalli , Biju Vasudevanpillai
Published: January 2024

Green–red dual emission in hybrid copper halides is controlled by a conducting surface-induced deactivation of the red-emitting state.
Substituting density functional theory in reaction barrier calculations for hydrogen atom transfer in proteins
Authors: Riedmiller Kai , Reiser Patrick , Bobkova Elizaveta , Maltsev Kiril , Gryn'ova Ganna , Friederich Pascal , Gräter Frauke
Published: January 2024

Hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) reactions, as they occur in many biological systems, are here predicted by machine learning.
Manganese-catalyzed base-free addition of saturated nitriles to unsaturated nitriles by template catalysis
Authors: Thiyagarajan Subramanian , Diskin-Posner Yael , Montag Michael , Milstein David
Published: January 2024

A new catalytic protocol is reported for the selective synthesis of glutaronitrile derivatives through manganese-catalyzed heteroaddition of saturated nitriles to unsaturated ones under mild and base-free conditions.
A controlled non-radical chlorine activation pathway on hematite photoanodes for efficient oxidative chlorination reactions
Authors: Tang Daojian , Wu Lei , Li Liubo , Fu Niankai , Chen Chuncheng , Zhang Yuchao , Zhao Jincai
Published: January 2024

A non-radical “Cl+” formation pathway for efficient oxidative chlorination.
Frustrated Lewis pairs on pentacoordinated Al3+-enriched Al2O3 promote heterolytic hydrogen activation and hydrogenation
Authors: Wu Qingyuan , Qin Ruixuan , Zhu Mengsi , Shen Hui , Yu Shenshui , Zhong Yuanyuan , Fu Gang , Yi Xiaodong , Zheng Nanfeng
Published: January 2024

Pentacoordinated Al3+-enriched Al2O3 containing abundant frustrated Lewis pairs activates H2 through a heterolytic mechanism and effectively catalyzes the hydrogenation of unsaturated bonds (CC, CC and CO) through a stepwise process.
Ultrafast and broadband photodetection based on selenized AgSbS2 thin films prepared by spray pyrolysis deposition and modified with indium nitrate
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Cheng Jiang , Yang Xin , Bai Dongyu , Tang Hua , Chen Xihao , Meng Xiang , Chen Genglong , Wang Shenghao , Li Lu
Published: January 2024

Broadband AgSbS2(Se) photodetectors are fabricated using spray pyrolysis with a post-selenization process. Indium nitrate is introduced to break the surface blockade to selenidation, largely enhancing the light response range and photocurrent.
Rapid, self-sacrificing template synthesis of two dimensional high-entropy oxides toward high-performance oxygen evolution
Authors: Tian Xiaofeng , Li Hongdong , Chang Rui , Yang Yu , Wang Zhenhui , Dong Tian , Lai Jianping , Feng Shouhua , Wang Lei
Published: January 2024

The large size high-entropy oxides nanosheets were prepared by the self-sacrificing template method via Joule heating in a short period of time, which show high activity (1281 A g−1@1.55 V vs. RHE) and stability in alkaline OER.
Green solvent-processed organic solar cells based on a small-molecule Ir(iii) complex as electron donor materials
Authors: You Duoquan , Yang Tianjian , Tao Yeting , Wang Jingsheng , Wang Jian , Zhou Aihua , Tao Youtian
Published: January 2024

Through the synergistic involvement of an environmentally friendly solvent and high temperature spin-coating process, the power conversion efficiency for small-molecule Ir(iii) complex based organic solar cells could be significantly improved.
Self-assembled D–π–A multifunctional systems with tunable stimuli-responsive emission and optical waveguiding behaviour
Authors: Martín R. , Sánchez-Oliva A. , Benito A. , Torres-Moya I. , Garcia A. M. , Álvarez-Conde J. , Cabanillas-González J. , Prieto P. , Gómez-Lor B.
Published: January 2024

Crystalline assembly of naphthalenimide derivatives with a D–π–A structure gives rise to light guiding and mechanical and thermal stimuli-responsiveness.
Go Team Go! Interprofessional Practice for Pediatric Feeding in the Schools
Authors: Dawson Michelle L. W. , Neal Angie , West Kristen
Published: January 2024

Purpose:

The purpose of this clinical focus article is to discuss processes and procedures for building school-based programs to address the feeding and swallowing needs of students in the public-school setting. Interprofessional practice (IPP) team member roles and responsibilities, screening, eligibility, considerations for developing Individualized Education Programs that address the needs of students with pediatric feeding disorder (PFD) and dysphagia, as well as billing documentation requirements, are discussed. Additionally, coordination across the continuum of service delivery for students with PFD and dysphagia is investigated. Guidance on documentation, processes, and procedures that comply with the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act mandates will be provided.

Conclusions:

This clinical focus article will demonstrate that students with PFD and dysphagia continue to present to public schools and require skilled services and supports in order to meet their individualized needs. School-based speech-language pathologists have a legal requirement to provide these supports when deemed educationally relevant. Schools must employ processes and procedures that result in the timely and effective evaluation and identification of students with PFD and dysphagia. An IPP approach to the management of PFD and dysphagia is critical to ensure optimal outcomes for students found eligible for services.
Factors influencing the adoption of industrial internet of things for the manufacturing and production small and medium enterprises in developing countries
Authors: Shah Sajid , Hussain Madni Syed Hamid , Hashim Siti Zaitoon Bt. Mohd , Ali Javed , Faheem Muhammad
Published: January 2024

Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are steadily moving in the direction of implementing digital and smart technologies, including the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) for improving their products and services. The adoption of IIoT allows manufactures and producers to make quick decisions for improving productivity and quality in real‐time. For this purpose, the era of digital industrial revolution from IR 1.0 to IR 5.0 is briefly explained. In this research study, the authors have reviewed and analysed the existing reviews, surveys and technical research studies on IIoT technologies for the manufacturing and production SMEs to highlight the concern raised. Forty‐seven (47) influencing factors are identified and classified into four groups based on the TOEI framework. Based on the identified influencing factors, IIoT adoption model is proposed for the manufacturing and production SMEs to adopt the new IIoT technologies in their business environments. Furthermore, a comparative analysis of the influencing factors has been done for the adoption of IIoT to increase efficiency, productivity and competitiveness for the manufacturing and production SMEs in developing countries. The proposed IIoT adoption model will help future policymakers and stakeholders to develop policies and strategies for the successful adoption and implementation of IIoT in manufacturing and production SMEs in developing countries. Also, recommendations are suggested to encourage IIoT adoption in production and manufacturing environments so that manufacturers and producers can respond easily and quickly to highly changing demands, product trends, skills gaps and other unexpected challenges in the future.
Using dynamic state estimation to detect loss of excitation in synchronous generators
Authors: Momeni Ehsan , Yaghobi Hamid , Shahzadi Ali
Published: January 2024

One of the common methods to detect Loss of Excitation (LOE) is the impedance‐based technique. But it is too slow, and may show incorrect performance when faced with power system disturbances like stable power swings (SPS). To improve the aforementioned problems, a new index is introduced based on the change of transient states of the synchronous generator which are estimated by Extended Kalman filter (EKF). The principal idea of the proposed method is that the angle between the transient voltage and q‐axis internal voltage phasor will be increasing during LOE events. Therefore, this angle and its derivative are used. Estimation of the internal variables of the generator is used to achieve the angle between transient voltage and internal voltage phasor. To evaluate the efficiency of this algorithm, numerous simulations are performed on various networks and in different operating conditions. The simulation results of the method demonstrate that this approach both reduces the detection time in most cases and improves its security in the encounter of the other disturbances. Experimentally, the performance of the proposed method is evaluated by using a 5 kVA laboratory generator. Experimental studies show that the presented algorithm performed correctly detects LOE and SPS conditions.
Microstructure and Surface Roughness Connection on Machined Ductile Iron: An Experimental Determination
Authors: Teke Ibrahim T. , Oktay Mehmet , Baykara Celalettin , Ertas Ahmet H.
Published: January 2024

Ductile iron is useful for a variety of engineering challenges because of its ductility and high strength. Hence, it is an excellent option if machining is required. After milling operations, however, various surface characteristics could be created, and surface roughness could be assessed. On the other hand, machined surface roughness is constrained by production requirements. As a result, the association between surface roughness and machining parameters has been studied in the literature. Studies that focus on the relationship between surface roughness and microstructure in the context of material qualities are also available. In this study, an experimental investigation of a part made of EN-GJS-600-3 material took into account the significance of the interaction between microstructure and surface roughness. In addition to machining parameters, surface roughness, hardness (Brinell Hardness), and microstructure of machined surfaces are taken into consideration. The findings show that surfaces with pearlitic compositions are highly abrasive. Hardness rose along with an increase in the pearlitic phase. The number of spheres and surface roughness follow the same trend.
UPM Satellite Ground Station Data for Borneo NDVI Image Analysis
Authors: Tee Jia Jian , Varatharajoo Renuganth , Klinkner Sabine
Published: January 2024

Small satellites have been developed and used for earth observations as the remote sensing data can be used to perform analysis such as weather forecasts, vegetation monitorings, climate changes, and disaster monitorings. The Flying Laptop satellite (Flying Laptop) is the first small satellite developed by the University of Stuttgart (Germany), which is mainly used for research and development projects. The raw data obtained from Flying Laptop is used in the data analysis and data processing, which involve the ground tracks and images analysis. The filtered images are used to formulate Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) plots, which are broadly used for the vegetation monitor in recent years. Due to the weather influences and the available filter in the Flying Laptop imaging payload, the generated NDVI plot needs to be improved in terms of its contrast and the difference in an identification of landcover type for better monitoring purposes. The ground track analysis and image comparison with respect to the fixed ground were used to identify the location of the image being captured and filtered out for unusable images. The formulation of NDVI is repeated with cloud maskings using Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) as references and accordingly normalized the plot in a logarithmic scale. The proposed method of using the cloud masking with references to NDWI improves the contrast of the overall NDVI plots. The usage of automation also helps to improve the efficiency in generating NDVI plots.
Evaluating the knowledge and perceptions of local farmers in Tanam Village, Morobe Province regarding Fall Armyworm infestation
Authors: Tiko Betty , Mohamed Aezeden
Published: January 2024

This research presents farmers’ knowledge, attitudes, and management strategies for the autumn armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) in the Huon Gulf District and Tanam Village Market in Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea. This is the first study that focuses on the opinions and expertise of local farmers in the region, identifying crop-related issues and learning about their management techniques. The survey sites chosen were the Huon Gulf District and Tanam Village Market in Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea. Various farmers who grew different crops, such as sweet potatoes, bananas, taro, greens, maize, peanuts, fruits, and more, were interviewed during the research. Findings reveal that around 20 farmers participated in this random survey, with 55% falling between the ages of 25 and 35. However, there was a significant variation in age distribution, with 15% being quite old (51–70 years old) and 30% in the medium age range (36–50 years old). In conclusion, it is crucial to understand the perspectives and knowledge held by the local farmers in Papua New Guinea regarding fall armyworms. This will help develop innovative solutions to mitigate the consequences of this pest before they worsen and spread to other nations. This report emphasizes the importance of creating autumn armyworm management plans that consider farmers’ needs and goals.
Evolution of Quaternary Landforms Between Vedaranniyam and Rameswaram - A Case Study
Authors: Saranaathan S.E. , Yamini S. , Prasanna Venkatesh S.
Published: January 2024

Coast is a significant place where land and sea or oceans meet that form the boundary between them. The coastal area is frequently susceptible to natural disasters like – tsunamis, cyclones, erosion, etc. and anthropogenic activities like the construction of harbor, jetties, breakwaters, and groins. These hazards are often affecting coastal zones and marine ecosystems. Usual aeolian, fluvial, tidal, and fluvial-tidal events primarily control the morpho dynamic changes along this coast. Tamil Nadu’s coastline, which makes up the south-eastern portion of the Coromendal coast, is parallel to the eastern ghat orogeny faults. The aerial photos and temporal, spatial data, with the help of Survey of India toposheets (1970) over the periods of 50 – 60 years, were used to identify different geomorphological features, strand lines (IRS 1B 1991, IRS 1C 2004, IRS P6 2004 and IRS 1D merged data (2006), erosional activities along the Vedaranyam to Rameshwaram coastal area. The present study attempts to place together all the physical evidence of whatever origin and nature, notwithstanding their contradictory directions and shift and evaluation them in the context of the evolving configuration of the coast. In Valinokam and Ramnad, red dunes are identified and aggregated between ~ 9 to 3 ka. This shows the deltaic evolution period between the late Pleistocene and Holocene and shoreline movement along the seaward side ~ [ to 65 km. This study will be helpful to government agencies like CZM authorities, Harbor development authorities etc.
A Review on Data Collection Strategy and Power Consumption using Mobile Vehicles and UAVs In Smart Cities
Authors: Choudhary Dharna , kumar Sachin
Published: January 2024

Cities can identify trends and needs by analyzing data from IOT devices and sensors. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are generally used in numerous field of interest to detect phenomena, process the detected data and take appropriate actions. Due to the limited sources of stationary sensor nodes, WSNs must work with mobile robots such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and Unmanned Ground Vehicles(UGVs) in their development. Consequently, it is necessary to maintain the energy efficiency of UAVs since they are approved by data centers so they must be deployed and charged frequently. Researchers worked on this area and came across various schemes for efficient data collection with minimal energy usage. This paper gives a structured and extensive review of different schemes proposed by different authors around the globe. This paper also evaluates the datasets utilized by different researchers for data collection method. Finally, the challenges involved in data collection method and power consumption are highlighted in conclusion section. We have also listed the future work in conclusion section.
Comparative Estimation of ROS Levels using DCFDA in Zebrafish Larvae Model on the Treatment of Camphene and Doxorubicin for Antioxidant Property
Authors: Timothy R. , Praveen Kumar I.
Published: January 2024

To assess the impact of Camphene and Doxorubicin on ROS levels in Zebrafish larvae, the study induced oxidative stress using 1 mM H2O2. DCFDA enzymatic assay was utilised to detect intracellular ROS levels in the zebrafish larvae. The compounds were prepared into a solution by diluting the stock solution with DMSO. Zebrafish were bred in a spawning tank at a 1:1 female-to-male ratio, and their eggs were collected, segregated into four petri plates, and exposed to Camphene from 4 hours post fertilization (hpf) until 96hpf. The hatching and mortality rates were monitored at 96hpf, calculated as the ratio of hatched larvae to the total number of live larvae at observation. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS software with preset parameters (threshold of 0.05, 80% G power, sample size n=15, 95% confidence interval, and an enrolment ratio of 1). The study revealed significant differences (p=0.000, p<0.05) between the compound-exposed embryos (62.4667±1.88) and the control group (34.4000±0.07). Early exposure to Camphene at 26 μmol demonstrated a positive impact on the antioxidant capacity in zebrafish larvae, as indicated by fluorescence intensity. This suggests that Camphene treatment effectively counteracts H2O2-induced ROS production in zebrafish larvae. Specifically, fluorescence intensity was 30% lower in the Camphene-exposed group compared to the Doxorubicin-exposed group.
Modeling the Relationship Between Market Orientation, Learning Orientation, and Performance of Moroccan SMEs: A Structural Equation Approach
Authors: Allammari Yassin , Taqi Ahmed , Rahou El Hassania
Published: January 2024

In the field of entrepreneurship, Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are highly regarded due to their substantial contributions to growth, development, and innovation. In Morocco, SMEs constitute nearly 97% of the country’s production sector, span various industries, generate 38% of national wealth74% of the workforce, as per the 2021 report from the Moroccan SME Observatory. However, in the face of international trade liberalization, these businesses face intense domestic market competition, impacting their competitiveness and performance. This study explores the significance of ‘market orientation’ and ‘organizational learning orientation’ as crucial managerial practices, enabling SMEs to gain competitive advantages, market differentiation, and higher performance. Utilizing the resource-based view and dynamic capabilities theory, the research investigates how learning orientation transforms market practices into improved organizational performance. The study distributed a questionnaire to 113 Moroccan SME managers and applied the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method to test hypotheses. The results indicate a positive impact of market orientation on Moroccan SME performance. Additionally, the study uncovers a partial mediating effect of organizational learning orientation in this relationship. These findings suggest that enhancing organizational learning orientation can amplify the benefits of market orientation for Moroccan SMEs, providing valuable insights for strategic decisions aimed at enhancing overall performance.
The impact of Big Data on the Sustainable Development Goals water and energy
Authors: Abouchabaka Jaafar , Bentaleb Asmae
Published: January 2024

Sustainability has been the concern of all nations during the last years. In fact, it is about planning actual needs while keeping the ability to provide the future generations’ needs. It is quite challenging since it combines social, economic and environmental factors in order to create a stable society. This paper tackles an important topic, which is the Sustainable Development Goals, how the use of big data can help in their achievement and assessment. The focus of this work will be on two important SDGs which are SDG 6 and 7. We will handle SDG 6 which is about Clean Water and Sanitation, and SDG7 that concerns Affordable and Clean Energy. We will review the main and recent technologies of big data that are used in both fields. This is because big data technologies have shown excellent results in the evaluation and construction of prediction models to achieve sustainability.
Development of a Mathematical Model of Stochastic Flow Distribution in Pipeline Engineering Networks
Authors: Bakhramov Umarkhoja
Published: January 2024

The article discusses the developed methods for accounting for stochastic water consumption, as well as mathematical models for accounting for stochastic water consumption in water supply and distribution systems. Due to the fact that pipeline engineering networks are non-linear, we will first determine the conditions for their linearization, and then we will show the solution of the problem for the resulting linearized network. The objective of this work is to connect the parameters of the stochastic process of water consumption from the network.
Gamification and m-learning: An innovative approach to sustainable language learning
Authors: Kherazi Abdelouahed , Bourray Mounir
Published: January 2024

This study delves into the role of AI-assisted gamification in enhancing user engagement within mobile language learning applications. The investigation begins with a critical examination of popular gamified applications, such as Duolingo, to identify key elements that drive user engagement. The research employs a mixed-method approach, integrating the analysis of user feedback gathered from surveys and interviews to understand the impact of these gamification elements on learner motivation and satisfaction. A significant focus of the study lies in exploring how artificial intelligence (AI) contributes to personalizing the learning experience. This is achieved by tailoring challenges and rewards to align with individual user progress and preferences, ultimately fostering a more engaging and enjoyable learning journey. The preliminary findings reveal the crucial role of gamification in creating an effective and motivating learning environment. Users reported a heightened appeal and engagement with this approach. These findings provide valuable insights for practitioners and developers, offering an empirical framework to design more engaging, effective, and sustainable language learning tools. The study not only emphasizes gamification’s role in enhancing the learning experience but also highlights its potential to contribute to sustainable learning practices. aligning with contemporary educational needs and learner preferences.
Implementation of Augmented Reality in Aircraft Inspection Process
Authors: Nazri N.A.M. , Abdullah M.N. , Mustapha F.
Published: January 2024

Implementation of augmented reality (AR) in the aerospace industry could initiate a new path in terms of technological advancement. AR is widely known as a new immersive world made up of real and virtual features that can generate a humanly intuitive interaction with computer-based systems through gadgets. In this study, the repair manual for Boeing 737 has been improvised by using the software that can create an AR program system, which is Unity and Vuforia SDK. The AR repair manual system is developed in two methods, marker-based and markerless, to see which one has better performance and reliability in the industry. The application is believed to be a great help in realising a more convenient working environment and in situations where it requires less human contact, such as in the Covid-19 situation. The performance of the developed AR repair manuals is evaluated and compared with the existing repair manual. The AR repair manual is believed to have better performance in terms of time, efficiency and working environment than the paper-based manual. The study on the development of the AR repair manual and its implementation in the aerospace industry will be discussed in this paper.
Identification of the intestinal microbiota: Methods and applications to Moroccan studies
Authors: Semlali Sofia , Benazzouz Bouchra , Filali-Zegzouti Younes , Akhouayri Omar
Published: January 2024

The gut microbiota (GM) is a complex microbial community that exerts a considerable influence on human health, and its accurate characterisation has become essential to understanding its roles and implications in various medical conditions. Recent technological advances have paved the way for analytical methods that can uncover this complex microbial community. For these reasons, this review describes the methods used by research teams to discover and understanding the impact of GM in our environment. This paper explores the first phase of collecting and preserving samples, highlighting the impact of storage methods on sample stability and the reliability microbiological analyses. Then, it examines various methods for analysing GM. This diversity of approaches adapted to the specific objectives of each study, whether to characterise diversity using metagenomics, quantify specific micro-organisms using real-time PCR, or use techniques based on microbial targets. These methodologies promise new perspectives for understanding the physiological impact of the microbiota. Finally, concrete examples from Moroccan studies illustrate the application of these techniques to the characterisation of GM. By providing practical advice, this article guides researchers in the judicious choice of methods adapted to their research objectives and budgetary constraints, thereby contributing to the advancement of knowledge about the GM.
A Wireless Safety System for Detecting Gas Leakage in Air Conditioner
Authors: Susaritha M. , Gokul Chandru S. , Anish K.R. , Ezhilarasan M.
Published: January 2024

— In this paper, we’ll keep an eye on the air conditioner’s gas leaking. Frequently, a minor gas leak can cause a gas concentration to grow up explosively over time. A small amount of explosive gas combined with fire can cause significant damage to our homes and loved ones’ lives if this gas leak is not discovered in time. By the usage of sensor helps to keeps an eye on gas leaks in the air conditioner. Gas presence in a space can be determined with a gas sensor. The microcontroller for this paper, an Arduino UNO, is utilized to process the sensor input. When a gas leak is discovered, the system alerts the user by sending an SMS through the GSM module and playing a buzzer sound.
Farming in the Digital Age: Smart Agriculture with AI and IoT
Authors: Issa Ali Ashoor , Majed Safa , Abdul Ameer S. , Al-Jawahry Hassan M.
Published: January 2024

This review article titled “Revolutionizing Agriculture: The Impact of AI and IoT” delves into the transformative role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) in modern agriculture. It encapsulates the burgeoning wave of digitalization and its implications for data-driven farming practices. The paper comprehensively reviews the advancements in digital agriculture management, highlighting the integration of AI, IoT devices, machine learning, and sensor technology in enhancing farming efficiency and productivity. Emphasis is placed on the use of robotics, drones for crop monitoring, and smart irrigation systems, which leverage real-time data for optimized agricultural operations. The role of high-speed 5G networks in enabling these smart farming solutions is also discussed, particularly their impact on data transmission and connectivity in rural settings. Challenges and opportunities in implementing Smart Decision Support Systems (SDSS) in developing countries are explored, focusing on real-time soil analysis and decision-making aids for farmers. The review further discusses a proposed cloud-based system for remote farm monitoring, employing AI-based models for efficient data processing and improving farming practices. This article aims to provide a nuanced understanding of the current and future potential of AI and IoT in reshaping agricultural practices, addressing global food security challenges, and supporting sustainable development.
Research of Fuel and Energy Indicators of Modernized Diesel Locomotives (Uzte16m) on the Section of the UzbekRailway
Authors: Ablyalimov O.S. , Rajibaev D.O.
Published: January 2024

The article considers the fuel and energy efficiency of the use of modernized diesel locomotives on the hilly - mountainous section of the Uzbek railway. Indicators was researched by the methods of the theory of locomotive traction. Three-section diesel locomotives of the UzTE16M3 series have been modernized at the facilities of enterprises in Uzbekistan. Taking into account the fact that locomotives have been in operation for more than 5-6 years, it is advisable to analyze the main indicators of the energy efficiency of transportation work. The results obtained characterize the dynamics of the transportation process in the real conditions of the organization of rail transportation of goods. The results of the research will be useful for the organization of operation in the network of Uzbek railways with a hilly-mountain type of track profile.The reference point for the implementation of this assessment was the mathematical model of the movement of a freight train developed by the authors and the algorithm for performing traction calculations, which are prerequisites for substantiating the numerical values of the parameters of the logistic indicators for the process of railway transportations of goods in real conditions of the organization of operation.