bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On Mann’s Method with Viscosity for Nonexpansive and Nonspreading Mappings in Hilbert Spaces
Authors: Hussain Nawab , Marino Giuseppe , Abdou Afrah A. N.
Published: July 2014

In the setting of Hilbert spaces, inspired by Iemoto and Takahashi (2009), we study a Mann’s method with viscosity to approximate strongly (common) fixed points of a nonexpansive mapping and a nonspreading mapping. A crucial tool in our results is the nonspreading-average type mapping.
Gas Production Strategy of Underground Coal Gasification Based on Multiple Gas Sources
Authors: Tianhong Duan , Zuotang Wang , Limin Zhou , Dongdong Li
Published: July 2014

To lower stability requirement of gas production in UCG (underground coal gasification), create better space and opportunities of development for UCG, an emerging sunrise industry, in its initial stage, and reduce the emission of blast furnace gas, converter gas, and coke oven gas, this paper, for the first time, puts forward a new mode of utilization of multiple gas sources mainly including ground gasifier gas, UCG gas, blast furnace gas, converter gas, and coke oven gas and the new mode was demonstrated by field tests. According to the field tests, the existing power generation technology can fully adapt to situation of high hydrogen, low calorific value, and gas output fluctuation in the gas production in UCG in multiple-gas-sources power generation; there are large fluctuations and air can serve as a gasifying agent; the gas production of UCG in the mode of both power and methanol based on multiple gas sources has a strict requirement for stability. It was demonstrated by the field tests that the fluctuations in gas production in UCG can be well monitored through a quality control chart method.
Somatostatin Negatively Regulates Parasite Burden and Granulomatous Responses in Cysticercosis
Authors: Khumbatta Mitra , Firozgary Bahrom , Tweardy David John , Weinstock Joel , Firozgary Gohar , Bhatena Zal , Bulsara Tushar , Siller Ricardo , Robinson Prema
Published: July 2014

Cysticercosis is an infection of tissues with the larval cysts of the cestode,Taenia  solium. While live parasites elicit little or no inflammation, dying parasites initiate a granulomatous reaction presenting as painful muscle nodules or seizures when cysts are located in the brain. We previously showed in theT. crassicepsmurine model of cysticercosis that substance P (SP), a neuropeptide, was detected in early granulomas and was responsible for promoting granuloma formation, while somatostatin (SOM), another neuropeptide and immunomodulatory hormone, was detected in late granulomas; SOM’s contribution to granuloma formation was not examined. In the current studies, we used somatostatin knockout (SOM−/−) mice to examine the hypothesis that SOM downmodulates granulomatous inflammation in cysticercosis, thereby promoting parasite growth. Our results demonstrated that parasite burden was reduced 5.9-fold in SOM−/−mice compared to WT mice (P<0.05). This reduction in parasite burden in SOM−/−mice was accompanied by a 95% increase in size of their granulomas (P<0.05), which contained a 1.5-fold increase in levels of IFN-γand a 26-fold decrease in levels of IL-1β(P<0.05for both) compared to granulomas from WT mice. Thus, SOM regulates both parasite burden and granulomatous inflammation perhaps through modulating granuloma production of IFN-γand IL-1β.

Corrigendum to “Somatostatin Negatively Regulates Parasite Burden and Granulomatous Responses in Cysticercosis”
Myocardial Rupture following Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
Authors: Dragelytė Gabija , Plenta Jūris , Chmieliauskas Sigitas , Jasulaitis Algimantas , Raudys Romas , Jovaiša Tomas , Badaras Robertas
Published: July 2014

We present the first case of severe cardiotoxicity of carbon monoxide leading to myocardial rupture and fatal outcome. 83-year-old woman was hospitalized 4 hours after the fire in her house with no respiratory or cardiac symptoms. After two days, she has suffered sudden collapse leading to cardiac arrest. Postmortem examination revealed intramural haemorrhage with myocardial rupture at the apex of the left ventricle. Minimal stenosis was noted in the proximal coronary arteries with no evidence of distal occlusion or any other long-standing heart disease. This case supports recommendations for targeted cardiovascular investigations in cases of CO poisoning.
Research on Radiation Characteristic of Plasma Antenna through FDTD Method
Authors: Zhou Jianming , Fang Jingjing , Lu Qiuyuan , Liu Fan
Published: July 2014

The radiation characteristic of plasma antenna is investigated by using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) approach in this paper. Through using FDTD method, we study the propagation of electromagnetic wave in free space in stretched coordinate. And the iterative equations of Maxwell equation are derived. In order to validate the correctness of this method, we simulate the process of electromagnetic wave propagating in free space. Results show that electromagnetic wave spreads out around the signal source and can be absorbed by the perfectly matched layer (PML). Otherwise, we study the propagation of electromagnetic wave in plasma by using the Boltzmann-Maxwell theory. In order to verify this theory, the whole process of electromagnetic wave propagating in plasma under one-dimension case is simulated. Results show that Boltzmann-Maxwell theory can be used to explain the phenomenon of electromagnetic wave propagating in plasma. Finally, the two-dimensional simulation model of plasma antenna is established under the cylindrical coordinate. And the near-field and far-field radiation pattern of plasma antenna are obtained. The experiments show that the variation of electron density can introduce the change of radiation characteristic.
Novel Hypoxanthine Guanine Phosphoribosyltransferase Gene Mutations in Saudi Arabian Hyperuricemia Patients
Authors: Alanazi Mohammed , Al-Arfaj Abdulrahman Saud , Abduljaleel Zainularifeen , Fahad Al-Arfaj Hussein , Reddy Parine Narasimha , Purusottapatnam Shaik Jilani , Khan Zahid , Ali Khan Pathan Akbar
Published: July 2014

Over the past decade, a steady increase in the incidence of HPRT-related hyperuricemia (HRH) has been observed in Saudi Arabia. We examined all the nine exons of HPRT gene for mutations in ten biochemically confirmed hyperuricemia patients, including one female and three normal controls. In all, we identified 13 novel mutations in Saudi Arabian HPRT-related hyperuricemia patients manifesting different levels of uric acid. The Lys103Met alteration was highly recurrent and was observed in 50% of the cases, while Ala160Thr and Lys158Asn substitutions were found in two patients. Moreover, in 70% of the patients ≥2 mutations were detected concurrently in the HPRT gene. Interestingly, one of the patients that harbored Lys103Met substitution along with two frameshift mutations at codons 85 and 160 resulting in shortened protein demonstrated unusually high serum uric acid level of 738 μmol/L. Two of the seven point mutations that resulted in amino acid change (Lys103Met and Val160Gly) were predicted to be damaging by SIFT and Polyphen and were further analyzed for their protein stability and function by molecular dynamics simulation. The identified novel mutations in the HPRT gene may prove useful in the prenatal diagnosis and genetic counseling.
Synthesis and Docking Studies of the NovelN-(2,2-Di(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)ethyl)adamantane-1-carboxamide, a Potential 11β-HSD1 Inhibitor
Authors: Gallardo-Alfonzo Salvador , Ocampo-Néstor Ana Lilia , Contreras-Celedón Claudia , Chacón-García Luis
Published: July 2014

The synthesis of the novel 1-adamantyl-(N-meso-dipyrrolylmethylene)-carboxamide is described, providing a three-step, two-pot reaction. Docking studies with 11β-HSD1 revealed favorable binding interactions with the enzyme.
Performing Chest X-Rays at Inspiration in Uncooperative Children: The Effect of Exercises with a Training Program for Radiology Technicians
Authors: Langen Heinz-Jakob , Kohlhauser-Vollmuth Christiane , Sengenberger Corinna , Bielmeier Johann , Jocher Renate , Eschmann Martina
Published: July 2014

Objective. It is difficult to acquire a chest X-ray of a crying infant at maximum inspiration. A computer program was developed for technician training.Method. Video clips of 3 babies were used and the moment of deepest inspiration was determined in the single-frame view. 12 technicians simulated chest radiographs at normal video speed by pushing a button. The computer program stopped the video and calculated the period of time to the optimal instant for a chest X-ray. Demonstration software can be tested at website online. Every technician simulated 10 chest X-rays for each of the 3 video clips. The technicians then spent 40 minutes practicing performing chest X-rays at optimal inspiration. The test was repeated after 5, 20, and 40 minutes of practice.Results. 6 participants showed a significant improvement after exercises (collective 1). Deviation from the optimal instant for taking an X-ray at inspiration decreased from 0.39 to 0.22 s after 40 min of practice. 6 technicians showed no significant improvement (collective 2). Deviation decreased from a low starting value of 0.25 s to 0.21 s.Conclusion. The tested computer program improves the ability of radiology technicians to take a chest X-ray at optimal inspiration in a crying child.
Induction of IL-12 Production in Human Peripheral Monocytes byTrypanosoma cruziIs Mediated by Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-Anchored Mucin-Like Glycoproteins and Potentiated by IFN-γand CD40-CD40L Interactions
Authors: Abel Lúcia Cristina Jamli , Ferreira Ludmila Rodrigues Pinto , Cunha Navarro Isabela , Baron Monique Andrade , Kalil Jorge , Gazzinelli Ricardo Tostes , Rizzo Luiz Vicente , Cunha-Neto Edecio
Published: July 2014

Chagas disease, caused by the protozoan parasiteTrypanosoma cruzi(T. cruzi), is characterized by immunopathology driven by IFN-γsecreting Th1-like T cells.T. cruzihas a thick coat of mucin-like glycoproteins covering its surface, which plays an important role in parasite invasion and host immunomodulation. It has been extensively described thatT. cruzior its products—like GPI anchors isolated from GPI-anchored mucins from the trypomastigote life cycle stage (tGPI-mucins)—are potent inducers of proinflammatory responses (i.e., cytokines and NO production) by IFN-γprimed murine macrophages. However, little is known about whetherT. cruzior GPI-mucins exert a similar action in human cells. We therefore decided to further investigate thein vitrocytokine production profile from human mononuclear cells from uninfected donors exposed toT. cruzias well as tGPI-mucins. We observed that both livingT. cruzitrypomastigotes and tGPI-mucins are potent inducers of IL-12 by human peripheral blood monocytes and this effect depends on CD40-CD40L interaction and IFN-γ. Our findings suggest that the polarized T1-type cytokine profile seen inT. cruziinfected patients might be a long-term effect of IL-12 production induced by lifelong exposure toT. cruzitGPI-mucins.
Novel Properties of Fuzzy Labeling Graphs
Authors: Nagoor Gani A. , Akram Muhammad , (a) Subahashini D. Rajalaxmi
Published: July 2014

The concepts of fuzzy labeling and fuzzy magic labeling graph are introduced. Fuzzy magic labeling for some graphs like path, cycle, and star graph is defined. It is proved that every fuzzy magic graph is a fuzzy labeling graph, but the converse is not true. We have shown that the removal of a fuzzy bridge from a fuzzy magic cycle with odd nodes reduces the strength of a fuzzy magic cycle. Some properties related to fuzzy bridge and fuzzy cut node have also been discussed.
Caspase-14 Expression Impairs Retinal Pigment Epithelium Barrier Function: Potential Role in Diabetic Macular Edema
Authors: Beasley Selina , El-Sherbiny Mohamed , Megyerdi Sylvia , El-Shafey Sally , Choksi Karishma , Kaddour-Djebbar Ismail , Sheibani Nader , Hsu Stephen , Al-Shabrawey Mohamed
Published: July 2014

We recently showed that caspase-14 is a novel molecule in retina with potential role in accelerated vascular cell death during diabetic retinopathy (DR). Here, we evaluated whether caspase-14 is implicated in retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) dysfunction under hyperglycemia. The impact of high glucose (HG, 30 mM D-glucose) on caspase-14 expression in human RPE (ARPE-19) cells was tested, which showed significant increase in caspase-14 expression compared with normal glucose (5 mM D-glucose + 25 mM L-glucose). We also evaluated the impact of modulating caspase-14 expression on RPE cells barrier function, phagocytosis, and activation of other caspases using ARPE-19 cells transfected with caspase-14 plasmid or caspase-14 siRNA. We used FITC-dextran flux assay and electric cell substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) to test the changes in RPE cell barrier function. Similar to HG, caspase-14 expression in ARPE-19 cells increased FITC-dextran leakage through the confluent monolayer and decreased the transcellular electrical resistance (TER). These effects of HG were prevented by caspase-14 knockdown. Furthermore, caspase-14 knockdown prevented the HG-induced activation of caspase-1 and caspase-9, the only activated caspases by HG. Phagocytic activity was unaffected by caspase-14 expression. Our results suggest that caspase-14 contributes to RPE cell barrier disruption under hyperglycemic conditions and thus plays a role in the development of diabetic macular edema.
Some Matrix Iterations for Computing Matrix Sign Function
Authors: Soleymani F. , Tohidi E. , Shateyi S. , Haghani F. Khaksar
Published: July 2014

Some iterative methods are introduced and demonstrated for finding the matrix sign function. It is analytically shown that the new schemes are asymptotically stable. Convergence analysis along with the error bounds of the main proposed method is established. Different numerical experiments are employed to compare the behavior of the new schemes with the existing matrix iterations of the same type.
Cell Death and Deubiquitinases: Perspectives in Cancer
Authors: Bhattacharya Seemana , Ghosh Mrinal Kanti
Published: July 2014

The process of cell death has important physiological implications. At the organism level it is mostly involved in maintenance of tissue homeostasis. At the cellular level, the strategies of cell death may be categorized as either suicide or sabotage. The mere fact that many of these processes are programmed and that these are often deregulated in pathological conditions is seed to thought. The various players that are involved in these pathways are highly regulated. One of the modes of regulation is via post-translational modifications such as ubiquitination and deubiquitination. In this review, we have first dealt with the different modes and pathways involved in cell death and then we have focused on the regulation of several proteins in these signaling cascades by the different deubiquitinating enzymes, in the perspective of cancer. The study of deubiquitinases is currently in a rather nascent stage with limited knowledge bothin vitroandin vivo, but the emerging roles of the deubiquitinases in various processes and their specificity have implicated them as potential targets from the therapeutic point of view. This review throws light on another aspect of cancer therapeutics by targeting the deubiquitinating enzymes.
Validity and Reliability of the Bahasa Melayu Version of the Migraine Disability Assessment Questionnaire
Authors: Shaik Munvar Miya , Hassan Norul Badriah , Tan Huay Lin , Bhaskar Shalini , Gan Siew Hua
Published: July 2014

Background. The study was designed to determine the validity and reliability of the Bahasa Melayu version (MIDAS-M) of the Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS) questionnaire.Methods. Patients having migraine for more than six months attending the Neurology Clinic, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia, were recruited. Standard forward and back translation procedures were used to translate and adapt the MIDAS questionnaire to produce the Bahasa Melayu version. The translated Malay version was tested for face and content validity. Validity and reliability testing were further conducted with 100 migraine patients (1st administration) followed by a retesting session 21 days later (2nd administration).Results. A total of 100 patients between 15 and 60 years of age were recruited. The majority of the patients were single (66%) and students (46%). Cronbach’s alpha values were 0.84 (1st administration) and 0.80 (2nd administration). The test-retest reliability for the total MIDAS score was 0.73, indicating that the MIDAS-M questionnaire is stable; for the five disability questions, the test-retest values ranged from 0.77 to 0.87.Conclusion. The MIDAS-M questionnaire is comparable with the original English version in terms of validity and reliability and may be used for the assessment of migraine in clinical settings.
Cecal Endometriosis Presenting as Acute Appendicitis
Authors: Alizadeh Otaghvar Hamidreza , Hosseini Mostafa , Shabestanipour Ghazaal , Tizmaghz Adnan , Sedehi Esfahani Gandom
Published: July 2014

The aim of our paper is to show the diagnosis of Coecal endometriosis as an infrequent reason of right iliac fossa pain. cecal endometriosis manifesting with right lower quadrant pain is difficult to diagnose, and it may even sometimes require laparotomy for diagnosis and treatment. We report here a case of cecal endometriosis causing clinically resembled acute appendicitis. In our patient, a diagnosis of cecal endometriosis was made postoperatively by microscopic examination of excised right colon, and the patient symptoms and general condition were improved after the surgery (open right hemicolectomy and ileocolic anastomosis).
Therapeutic Potential of Tacrolimus on Acute Myocardial Infarction in Minipigs: Analysis with Serial Cardiac Magnetic Resonance and Changes at Histological and Protein Levels
Authors: Ko Sheung-Fat , Yip Hon-Kan , Leu Steve , Lee Chen-Chang , Sheu Jiunn-Jye , Lee Chia-Chang , Ng Shu-Hang , Huang Chung-Cheng , Chen Min-Chi , Sun Cheuk-Kwan
Published: July 2014

This study investigates the therapeutic potential of intracoronary tacrolimus against acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in minipigs with serial cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and changes at histological and protein levels. Twelve minipigs subjected to permanent left anterior descending artery ligation were randomized as tac-treated group (n=6, with intracoronary tacrolimus treatment) and controls(n=6). CMR with cine and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) studies were performed on postoperative days 2, 5, and 21. There were no significant differences in left ventricular function (LVF), contractility, and LGE between the two groups on day 2. On day 5, the tac-treated group showed a significantly higher ejection fraction, smaller infarct, and lower day-5/day-2 infarct ratio than controls. On day 21, the controls demonstrated further deterioration of LVF and infarct. Contrastingly, the tac-treated animals demonstrated preservation of LVF, contractility, significantly smaller infarct, and lower day-21/day-2 infarct ratios compared with those on day 5 and controls. Thein vivoCMR results were correlated within vitrofindings on histology, immunostaining, and Western blotting which revealed significantly less fibrosis, higher vascularities, less CD68+ and CD40+ inflammatory cells, lower expressions of inflammatory (MMP-9, NF-κB, and TNF-α), and apoptotic (Bax, Caspase-3, c-PARP) biomarkers, respectively, in tac-treated AMI minipigs than controls.
Axillary Metastasis from an Occult Tubal Serous Carcinoma in a Patient with Ipsilateral Breast Carcinoma: A Potential Diagnostic Pitfall
Authors: Atallah Chantal , Altinel Gulbeyaz , Fu Lili , Arseneau Jocelyne , Omeroglu Atilla
Published: July 2014

Axillary nodal metastasis from a nonmammary neoplasia is much rarer than diseases associated with a primary breast carcinoma. However, this has to be considered in the differential diagnosis of nodal disease in patients with a history of breast cancer. Here, we report the case of a 73-year-old female with a past medical history of breast cancer, presenting with an ipsilateral axillary metastatic carcinoma. The immunohistochemical profile of the metastatic lesion was consistent with a high grade serous carcinoma. After undergoing a total abdominal hysterectomy and salpingo-oophorectomy, thorough pathological examination revealed two microscopic foci of serous carcinoma in the right fallopian tube, not detectable by preoperative magnetic resonance imaging. In this context, the poorly differentiated appearance of the metastatic tumor and positive staining for estrogen receptor, might lead to a misdiagnosis of metastatic breast carcinoma. As the therapeutic implications differ, it is important for the pathologist to critically assess axillary lymph node metastases, even in patients with a past history of ipsilateral breast carcinoma and no other known primary tumors.
KPG Index versus OPG Measurements: A Comparison between 3D and 2D Methods in Predicting Treatment Duration and Difficulty Level for Patients with Impacted Maxillary Canines
Authors: Dalessandri Domenico , Migliorati Marco , Visconti Luca , Contardo Luca , Kau Chung How , Martin Conchita
Published: July 2014

Aim. The aim of this study was to test the agreement between orthopantomography (OPG) based 2D measurements and the KPG index, a new index based on 3D Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) images, in predicting orthodontic treatment duration and difficulty level of impacted maxillary canines.Materials and Methods. OPG and CBCT images of 105 impacted canines were independently scored by three orthodontists att0and after 1 month (t1), using the KPG index and the following 2D methods: distance from cusp tip and occlusal plane, cusp tip position in relation to the lateral incisor, and canine inclination. Pearson’s coefficients were used to evaluate the degree of agreement and theχ2with Yates correction test was used to assess the independence between them.Results. Inter- and intrarater reliability were higher with KPG compared to 2D methods. Pearson’s coefficients showed a statistically significant association between all the indexes, while theχ2with Yates correction test resulted in a statistically significant rejection of independency only for one 2D index.Conclusions. 2D indexes for predicting impacted maxillary canines treatment duration and difficulty sometimes are discordant; a 3D index like the KPG index could be useful in solving these conflicts.
Associations of CTLA4 Gene Polymorphisms with Graves’ Ophthalmopathy: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Du Pengfei , Ma Xiaojie , Wang Changjiang
Published: July 2014

Many studies have established that T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA4) is a susceptible gene for Graves’ disease (GD). Also many studies showed the association between the CTLA4 exon-1 49A/G polymorphism and the risk of developing Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO) in GD patients. But those results were inconsistent. In recent years many new studies were published which helped to shed light on the relationship of CTLA4 SNP49 with GO. So we performed the meta-analysis to explore the association between the SNP49 and GO susceptibility in GD patients. Studies up to February 29, 2012, were searched by using PubMed. The odds ratio was used to evaluate the strength of the association. Altogether 12 case-control studies involving 2,505 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Results showed that the G allele was related to the increased risk of GO compared with the A allele under allelic genetic model (OR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.14–1.72,P=0.001) in European subgroup. No publication bias was detected. Our results showed that the SNP49 polymorphism of CTLA4 gene was related to increased risk of GO.
Fungi Treated with Small Chemicals Exhibit Increased Antimicrobial Activity against Facultative Bacterial and Yeast Pathogens
Authors: Zutz Christoph , Bandian Dragana , Neumayer Bernhard , Speringer Franz , Gorfer Markus , Wagner Martin , Strauss Joseph , Rychli Kathrin
Published: July 2014

For decades, fungi have been the main source for the discovery of novel antimicrobial drugs. Recent sequencing efforts revealed a still high number of so far unknown “cryptic” secondary metabolites. The production of these metabolites is presumably epigenetically silenced under standard laboratory conditions. In this study, we investigated the effect of six small mass chemicals, of which some are known to act as epigenetic modulators, on the production of antimicrobial compounds in 54 spore forming fungi. The antimicrobial effect of fungal samples was tested against clinically facultative pathogens and multiresistant clinical isolates. In total, 30 samples of treated fungi belonging to six different genera reduced significantly growth of different test organisms compared to the untreated fungal sample (growth log reduction 0.3–4.3). For instance, the pellet ofPenicillium restrictumgrown in the presence of butyrate revealed significant higher antimicrobial activity againstStaphylococcus(S.)aureusand multiresistantS. aureusstrains and displayed no cytotoxicity against human cells, thus making it an ideal candidate for antimicrobial compound discovery. Our study shows that every presumable fungus, even well described fungi, has the potential to produce novel antimicrobial compounds and that our approach is capable of rapidly filling the pipeline for yet undiscovered antimicrobial substances.
The Center Conditions and Bifurcation of Limit Cycles at the Degenerate Singularity of a Three-Dimensional System
Authors: Song Shugang , Feng Jingjing , Wang Qinlong
Published: July 2014

We investigate multiple limit cycles bifurcation and center-focus problem of the degenerate equilibrium for a three-dimensional system. By applying the method of symbolic computation, we obtain the first four quasi-Lyapunov constants. It is proved that the system can generate 3 small limit cycles from nilpotent critical point on center manifold. Furthermore, the center conditions are found and as weak foci the highest order is proved to be the fourth; thus we obtain at most 3 small limit cycles from the origin via local bifurcation. To our knowledge, it is the first example of multiple limit cycles bifurcating from a nilpotent singularity for the flow of a high-dimensional system restricted to the center manifold.
Local Packing Density Is the Main Structural Determinant of the Rate of Protein Sequence Evolution at Site Level
Authors: Yeh So-Wei , Huang Tsun-Tsao , Liu Jen-Wei , Yu Sung-Huan , Shih Chien-Hua , Hwang Jenn-Kang , Echave Julian
Published: July 2014

Functional and biophysical constraints result in site-dependent patterns of protein sequence variability. It is commonly assumed that the key structural determinant of site-specific rates of evolution is the Relative Solvent Accessibility (RSA). However, a recent study found that amino acid substitution rates correlate better with two Local Packing Density (LPD) measures, the Weighted Contact Number (WCN) and the Contact Number (CN), than with RSA. This work aims at a more thorough assessment. To this end, in addition to substitution rates, we considered four other sequence variability scores, four measures of solvent accessibility (SA), and other CN measures. We compared all properties for each protein of a structurally and functionally diverse representative dataset of monomeric enzymes. We show that the best sequence variability measures take into account phylogenetic tree topology. More importantly, we show that both LPD measures (WCN and CN) correlate better than all of the SA measures, regardless of the sequence variability score used. Moreover, the independent contribution of the best LPD measure is approximately four times larger than that of the best SA measure. This study strongly supports the conclusion that a site’s packing density rather than its solvent accessibility is the main structural determinant of its rate of evolution.
Acute Testicular Ischemia following Endovascular Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair Identified in the Emergency Department
Authors: Finnerty Nathan , Rancour Stephen , King Andrew
Published: July 2014

Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) is perhaps the most widely utilized surgical procedure for patients with large abdominal aortic aneurysms. This procedure is minimally invasive and reduces inpatient hospitalization requirements. The case involves a 72-year-old male who presented to the emergency department with right testicular ischemia two days following EVAR. Given the minimal inpatient hospitalization associated with this procedure, emergency physicians are likely to encounter associated complications. Ischemic and thromboembolic events following EVAR are extremely rare but require prompt vascular surgery intervention to minimize morbidity and mortality.
A Case of DisseminatedMycobacterium aviumInfection in a Dog in Greece
Authors: Kontos V. , Papadogiannakis E. I. , Mantziaras G. , Styliara M. , Kanavaki S.
Published: July 2014

A Basset Hound dog was presented with anorexia, fever, diarrhea, significant level of splenomegaly, and enlargement of mesenteric and superficial lymph nodes. Cytology of fine-needle-aspiration material, obtained from popliteal lymph node, revealed macrophages with intracytoplasmic, nonstaining, slender, rod-like structures, indicative of mycobacteria. Bacterial culture of lymph node aspirated material produced a colony which by means of molecular techniques (PCR amplification and hybridization of PCR products) was subsequently identified asMycobacterium avium. This is the first report of disseminatedM. aviuminfection in a dog in Greece.
The Basis of Muscle Regeneration
Authors: Musarò Antonio
Published: July 2014

Muscle regeneration recapitulates many aspects of embryonic myogenesis and is an important homeostatic process of the adult skeletal muscle, which, after development, retains the capacity to regenerate in response to appropriate stimuli, activating the muscle compartment of stem cells, namely, satellite cells, as well as other precursor cells. Moreover, significant evidence suggests that while stem cells represent an important determinant for tissue regeneration, a “qualified” environment is necessary to guarantee and achieve functional results. It is therefore plausible that the loss of control over these cell fate decisions could lead to a pathological transdifferentiation, leading to pathologic defects in the regenerative process. This review provides an overview about the general aspects of muscle development and discusses the cellular and molecular aspects that characterize the five interrelated and time-dependent phases of muscle regeneration, namely, degeneration, inflammation, regeneration, remodeling, and maturation/functional repair.
On the Existence of Central Configurations of2k+2p+2l-Body Problems
Authors: Jiang Yueyong , Zhao Furong
Published: July 2014

We prove the existence of central configurations of the2k+2p+2l-body problems with Newtonian potentials inR3. In such configuration,2kmasses are symmetrically located on thez-axis,2pmasses are symmetrically located on they-axis, and2lmasses are symmetrically located on thex-axis, respectively; the masses symmetrically about the origin are equal.
Body Mass Index Is Associated with Hypercholesterolemia following Thyroid Hormone Withdrawal in Thyroidectomized Patients
Authors: Shin Dong Yeob , Kim Kwang Joon , Cho Yongin , Park Kyeong Hye , Hwang Sena , Chung Woong Youn , Lee Eun Jig
Published: July 2014

Thyroid hormone withdrawal (THW) for postoperative radioiodine adjuvant therapy or diagnostic radioiodine whole body scan in patients with differentiated thyroid cancers results in acute thyroid hormone deficiency and abnormal lipid profiles. To better clarify the clinical pattern of dyslipidemia occurring after THW, we retrospectively analyzed the association between serum total cholesterol level after THW and various clinical factors in a total of 61 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy due to papillary thyroid cancers from January 2010 to March 2012, in Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea. Preoperative baseline total cholesterol was significantly correlated with post-THW total cholesterol level; however, age, gender, or elevated TSH level after THW itself was not correlated with post-THW total cholesterol level. A significant correlation between preoperative measured BMI and post-THW total cholesterol level was found (r=0.263,P=0.041). In multiple logistic analysis, BMI was an independent determining factor of post-THW total cholesterol level (P=0.012).
Antidiabetic Effect ofSida cordatain Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Shah Naseer Ali , Khan Muhammad Rashid
Published: July 2014

Medicinal plants are efficient ameliorator of oxidative stress associated with diabetes mellitus. In this study, ethyl acetate fraction (SCEE) ofSida cordatawas investigated for scientific validation of its folk use in diabetes. Antidiabetic effect of SCEE was confirmed by antihyperglycemic activity in normal glucose loaded and diabetic glucose loaded animals as well as normal off feed animals. Confirmation of antidiabetic activity and toxicity ameliorative role ofS. cordatawas investigated in a chronic multiple dose treatment study of fifteen days. A single dose of alloxan (120 mg/kg) produced a decrease in insulin level, hyperglycemia, elevated total lipids, triglycerides, and cholesterol and decreased the high-density lipoproteins. Concurrent with these changes, there was an increase in the concentration of lipid peroxidation (TBARS), H2O2, and nitrite in pancreas, liver, and testis. This oxidative stress was related to a decrease in glutathione content (GSH) and antioxidant enzymes. Administration of SCEE for 15 days after diabetes induction ameliorated hyperglycemia, restored lipid profile, blunted the increase in TBARS, H2O2, and nitrite content, and stimulated the GSH production in the organs of alloxan-treated rats. We suggested that SCEE could be used as antidiabetic component in case of diabetes mellitus. This may be related to its antioxidative properties.
Experimental Research and Numerical Simulation on Gas-Liquid Separation Performance at High Gas Void Fraction of Helically Coiled Tube Separator
Authors: Zhang Yongxue , Guo Chan , Hou Hucan , Xue Guomin
Published: July 2014

The industrial removal process of the light hydrocarbon and water from wet natural gas can be simulated in laboratory with the independently designed helically coiled tube gas-liquid separator. Experiment and numerical simulation are combined to analyze the influences of various inlet velocities and gas void fractions on the gas-liquid separation efficiency and pressure-drop between the inlet and outlet of the helically coiled tube. The results show that, at the inlet velocity of 4 m/s to 18 m/s and the gas void fraction of 88% to 97% for the gas-liquid mixture, the gas-liquid separation efficiency increases at the beginning and then decreases with increasing inlet velocity. Afterwards there is another increasing trend again. The gradient of pressure-drop increases slowly and then fast with the increasing inlet velocity. On the other hand, the gas-liquid separation efficiency first increases with the gas void fraction and then shows a decreasing trend while the pressure-drop keeps falling down with the gas void fraction increasing. Above all the optimal operating parameters of the helically coiled tube separator are inlet velocity of 13 m/s and gas void fraction of 93%, and the separation efficiency and pressure-drop are 95.2% and 0.3 MPa, respectively.
Rho/ROCK Signal Cascade Mediates Asymmetric Dimethylarginine-Induced Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Migration and Phenotype Change
Authors: Zhou Yi-ming , Lan Xi , Guo Han-bin , Zhang Yan , Ma Li , Cao Jian-biao
Published: July 2014

Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) induces vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) migration. VSMC phenotype change is a prerequisite of migration. RhoA and Rho-kinase (ROCK) mediate migration of VSMCs. We hypothesize that ADMA induces VSMC migration via the activation of Rho/ROCK signal pathway and due to VSMCs phenotype change. ADMA activates Rho/ROCK signal pathway that interpreted by the elevation of RhoA activity and phosphorylation level of a ROCK substrate. Pretreatment with ROCK inhibitor, Y27632 completely reverses the induction of ADMA on ROCK and in turn inhibits ADMA-induced VSMCs migration. When the Rho/ROCK signal pathway has been blocked by pretreatment with Y27632, the induction of ERK signal pathway by ADMA is completely abrogated. Elimination of ADMA via overexpression of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 2 (DDAH2) and L-arginine both blocks the effects of ADMA on the activation of Rho/ROCK and extra cellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in VSMCs. The expression of differentiated phenotype relative proteins was reduced and the actin cytoskeleton was disassembled by ADMA, which were blocked by Y27632, further interpreting that ADMA inducing VSMCs migration via Rho/ROCK signal pathway is due to its effect on the VSMCs phenotype change. Our present study may help to provide novel insights into the therapy and prevention of atherosclerosis.
A Review of Norms and Normative Multiagent Systems
Authors: Mahmoud Moamin A. , Ahmad Mohd Sharifuddin , Mohd Yusoff Mohd Zaliman , Mustapha Aida
Published: July 2014

Norms and normative multiagent systems have become the subjects of interest for many researchers. Such interest is caused by the need for agents to exploit the norms in enhancing their performance in a community. The term norm is used to characterize the behaviours of community members. The concept of normative multiagent systems is used to facilitate collaboration and coordination among social groups of agents. Many researches have been conducted on norms that investigate the fundamental concepts, definitions, classification, and types of norms and normative multiagent systems including normative architectures and normative processes. However, very few researches have been found to comprehensively study and analyze the literature in advancing the current state of norms and normative multiagent systems. Consequently, this paper attempts to present the current state of research on norms and normative multiagent systems and propose a norm’s life cycle model based on the review of the literature. Subsequently, this paper highlights the significant areas for future work.
Pneumomediastinum in Blunt Chest Trauma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Mansella Gregory , Bingisser Roland , Nickel Christian H.
Published: July 2014

Blunt trauma is the most common mechanism of injury in patients with pneumomediastinum and may occur in up to 10% of patients with severe blunt thoracic and cervical trauma. In this case report we present a 24-year-old man with pneumomediastinum due to blunt chest trauma after jumping from a bridge into a river. He complained of persistent retrosternal pain with exacerbation during deep inspiration. Physical examination showed only a slight tenderness of the sternum and the extended Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma (e-FAST) was normal. Pneumomediastinum was suspected by chest X-ray and confirmed by computed tomography, which showed a lung contusion as probable cause of the pneumomediastinum due to the “Mackling effect.” Sonographic findings consistent with pneumomediastinum, like the “air gap” sign, are helpful for quick bedside diagnosis, but the diagnostic criteria are not yet as well established as for pneumothorax. This present case shows that despite minimal findings in physical examination and a normal e-FAST a pneumomediastinum is still possible in a patient with chest pain after blunt chest trauma. Therefore, pneumomediastinum should always be considered to prevent missing major aerodigestive injuries, which can be associated with a high mortality rate.
Semitransparent Polymer Solar Cells Based on Liquid Crystal Reflectors
Authors: Yang Shaopeng , Wang Tiening , Zhao Xiaohui , Gu Luo , Yang Qiman , Li Guang , Li Xiaowei , Fu Guangsheng
Published: July 2014

The effects of liquid crystal (LC) reflectors on semitransparent polymer solar cells (PSCs) were investigated in this paper. By improving the cathode, we manufactured semitransparent PSCs based on the conventional PSCs. We then incorporated the LC reflector into the semitransparent PSCs, which increased the power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 2.11% to 2.71%. Subsequently adjusting the concentration and spinning speed of the active layer material changed its thickness. The maximum light absorption for the active layer was obtained using the optimum thickness, and the PCE eventually reached 3.01%. These results provide a reference for selecting LC reflectors that are suitable for different active layer materials to improve the PCE of semitransparent PSCs.
Motivating Workers in Construction
Authors: Barg Jason E. , Ruparathna Rajeev , Mendis Daylath , Hewage Kasun N.
Published: July 2014

The study of the motivation of construction workers is limited to a relatively small body of knowledge. Although there is considerable research available regarding motivation and productivity, few researchers have provided a comprehensive analysis on the motivation of construction workers. The research stated that productivity in construction has not improved compared to other industry sectors such as manufacturing. This trend has been echoed in publications throughout the past five decades, and suggested that motivation is one of the key factors impacting productivity. This paper offers a comprehensive review of the published work that directly links the key words—construction and motivation. The findings have been presented in five themes, that is, motivation models, environment and culture, incentives and empowerment, and worker management. This paper concludes with two methods suggested by previous researchers to improve motivation of construction workers: (1) relevant worker incentives (intrinsic or extrinsic) and (2) improved management practices, specifically regarding communication with workers.
Store-Operated Ca2+Entry Does Not Control Proliferation in Primary Cultures of Human Metastatic Renal Cellular Carcinoma
Authors: Dragoni Silvia , Turin Ilaria , Laforenza Umberto , Potenza Duilio Michele , Bottino Cinzia , Glasnov Toma N. , Prestia Martina , Ferulli Federica , Saitta Anna , Mosca Alessandra , Guerra Germano , Rosti Vittorio , Luinetti Ombretta , Ganini Carlo , Porta Camillo , Pedrazzoli Paolo , Tanzi Franco , Montagna Daniela , Moccia Francesco
Published: July 2014

Store-operated Ca2+entry (SOCE) is activated following depletion of the inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3)-sensitive Ca2+pool to regulate proliferation in immortalized cell lines established from either primary or metastatic lesions. The molecular nature of SOCE may involve both Stim1, which senses Ca2+levels within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+reservoir, and a number of a Ca2+-permeable channels on the plasma membrane, including Orai1, Orai3, and members of the canonical transient receptor (TRPC1–7) family of ion channels. The present study was undertaken to assess whether SOCE is expressed and controls proliferation in primary cultures isolated from secondary lesions of heavily pretreated metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) patients. SOCE was induced following pharmacological depletion of the ER Ca2+store, but not by InsP3-dependent Ca2+release. Metastatic RCC cells express Stim1-2, Orai1–3, and TRPC1–7 transcripts and proteins. In these cells, SOCE was insensitive to BTP-2, 10 µM Gd3+and Pyr6, while it was inhibited by 100 µM Gd3+, 2-APB, and carboxyamidotriazole (CAI). Neither Gd3+nor 2-APB or CAI impaired mRCC cell proliferation. Consistently, no detectable Ca2+signal was elicited by growth factor stimulation. Therefore, a functional SOCE is expressed but does not control proliferation of mRCC cells isolated from patients resistant to multikinase inhibitors.
Exploration of the Effect of Tobacco Smoking on Metabolic Measures in Young People Living with HIV
Authors: Rubinstein Mark L. , Harris D. Robert , Rudy Bret J. , Kapogiannis Bill G. , Aldrovandi Grace M. , Mulligan Kathleen
Published: July 2014

We conducted cross-sectional, multicenter studies in HIV-positive young women and men to assess metabolic and morphologic complications from tobacco smoking in 372 behaviorally infected HIV-positive youth, aged 14–25 years. Measurements included self-reported tobacco use, fasting lipids, glucose, fat distribution, and bone mineral density (BMD; dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans). Overall, 144 (38.7%) self-reported smoking tobacco and 69 (47.9%) of these reported smoking greater than five cigarettes per day. Smokers versus nonsmokers had lower mean total cholesterol (146.0 versus 156.1 mg/dL;P<0.01) and lower mean total body fat percent (24.1% versus 27.2%,P=0.03). There was no difference between smokers and nonsmokers in fasting glucose or BMD. There appear to be only minimal effects from tobacco smoking on markers of cardiac risk and bone health in this population of HIV-positive youth. While these smokers may not have had sufficient exposure to tobacco to detect changes in the outcome measures, given the long-term risks associated with smoking and HIV, it is critical that we encourage HIV-positive youth smokers to quit before the deleterious effects become apparent.
Long-Term Follow-Up of a Child with Autoimmune Thyroiditis and Recurrent Hyperthyroidism in the Absence of TSH Receptor Antibodies
Authors: Dunne Christopher , De Luca Francesco
Published: July 2014

Hashitoxicosis is an initial, transient, hyperthyroid phase that rarely affects patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis. We present here an unusual case of a child with Hashimoto thyroiditis and recurrent hyperthyroidism. A 4 yr 6/12 old male was diagnosed by us with autoimmune subclinical hypothyroidism (normal free T4, slightly elevated TSH, and elevated TG antibody titer). Two years and 6/12 later he experienced increased appetite and poor weight gain; a laboratory evaluation revealed suppressed TSH, elevated free T4, and normal TSI titer. In addition, an I123thyroid uptake was borderline-low. A month later, the free T4 had normalized. After remaining asymptomatic for 3 years, the patient presented again with increased appetite, and he was found with low TSH and high free T4. Within the following 3 months, his free T4 and TSH normalized. At his most recent evaluation, his TSH was normal and the free T4 was borderline-high; the TG antibody titer was still elevated and the TSI titer was negative. To our knowledge, this is the first patient reported with Hashimoto thyroiditis and recurrent hyperthyroidism. This case exemplifies the variability of the manifestations and natural history of Hashimoto thyroiditis and supports the need for a long-term evaluation of patients with autoimmune thyroid disease.
3D Analysis of D-RaCe and Self-Adjusting File in Removing Filling Materials from Curved Root Canals Instrumented and Filled with Different Techniques
Authors: Simsek Neslihan , Ahmetoglu Fuat , Keles Ali , Bulut Elcin Tekin , Er Kursat
Published: July 2014

The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of D-RaCe files and a self-adjusting file (SAF) system in removing filling material from curved root canals instrumented and filled with different techniques by using microcomputed tomography (micro-CT). The mesial roots of 20 extracted mandibular first molars were used. Root canals (mesiobuccal and mesiolingual) were instrumented with SAF or Revo-S. The canals were then filled with gutta-percha and AH Plus sealer using cold lateral compaction or thermoplasticized injectable techniques. The root fillings were first removed with D-RaCe (Step 1), followed by Step 2, in which a SAF system was used to remove the residual fillings in all groups. Micro-CT scans were used to measure the volume of residual filling after root canal filling, reinstrumentation with D-RaCe (Step 1), and reinstrumentation with SAF (Step 2). Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon and Kruskal-Wallis tests. There were no statistically significant differences between filling techniques in the canals instrumented with SAF (P=0.292) and Revo-S (P=0.306). The amount of remaining filling material was similar in all groups (P=0.363); all of the instrumentation techniques left filling residue inside the canals. However, the additional use of SAF was more effective than using D-RaCe alone.