bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Human Amniotic MSC Response in LPS-Stimulated Ascites from Patients with Cirrhosis: FOXO1 Gene and Th17 Activation in Enhanced Antibacterial Activation
Authors: Pampalone Mariangela , Cuscino Nicola , Iannolo Gioacchin , Amico Giandomenico , Ricordi Camillo , Vitale Giampiero , Carcione Claudia , Castelbuono Salvatore , Scilabra Simone Dario , Coronnello Claudia , Gruttadauria Salvatore , Pietrosi Giada
Published: February 2024

Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a severe complication in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis and is commonly treated with broad spectrum antibiotics. However, the rise of antibiotic resistance requires alternative therapeutic strategies. As recently shown, human amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hA-MSCs) are able, in vitro, to promote bacterial clearance and modulate the immune and inflammatory response in SBP. Our results highlight the upregulation of FOXO1, CXCL5, CXCL6, CCL20, and MAPK13 in hA-MSCs as well as the promotion of bacterial clearance, prompting a shift in the immune response toward a Th17 lymphocyte phenotype after 72 h treatment. In this study, we used an in vitro SBP model and employed omics techniques (next-generation sequencing) to investigate the mechanisms by which hA-MSCs modify the crosstalk between immune cells in LPS-stimulated ascitic fluid. We also validated the data obtained via qRT-PCR, cytofluorimetric analysis, and Luminex assay. These findings provide further support to the hope of using hA-MSCs for the prevention and treatment of infective diseases, such as SBP, offering a viable alternative to antibiotic therapy.
Intrauterine Transfusion for Rhesus Alloimmunization: A Historical Retrospective Cohort from A Single Reference Center in Brazil
Authors: Pares David Baptista da Silva , Pacheco Gilda Helena Arruda Sousa , Lobo Guilherme Antonio Rago , Araujo Júnior Edward
Published: February 2024

Objective: This study aimed to describe the historical experience of a single reference center in Brazil with intrauterine transfusion (IUT) for Rhesus (Rh) alloimmunization, evaluating the major complications and the perinatal outcomes of this procedure. Methods: This retrospective cohort study evaluated data from medical records of pregnant women between 20 and 34 weeks of gestation whose fetuses underwent IUT by cordocentesis between January 1991 and June 2021. The same experienced examiner performed all procedures. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the effect of fetal hydrops, duration of IUT, post-transfusion cord bleeding time, and bradycardia on death (fetal or neonatal). Results: We analyzed data from 388 IUTs in 169 fetuses of alloimmunized pregnant women with a mean age of 29.3 ± 5.1 years. Death and fetal hydrops were significantly associated at first IUT (p < 0.001). We had two cases of emergency cesarean section (mean of 0.51% per IUT) and three cases of premature rupture of the ovular membranes (mean of 0.77% per procedure). Thirty-six deaths were recorded, including 14 intrauterine and 22 neonatal. A higher percentage of neonatal deaths was observed in the group with post-transfusion cord bleeding time > 120 s (45.8%). The odds of neonatal death were 17.6 and 12.9 times higher in cases with hydrops and bradycardia than in cases without hydrops and bradycardia, respectively. The odds of death (fetal and neonatal) were 79.9 and 92.3 times higher in cases with hydrops and bradycardia than in cases without hydrops and bradycardia, respectively. Conclusions: The most common complications of IUT for Rh alloimmunization were post-transfusion cord bleeding, fetal bradycardia, premature rupture of ovular membranes, and emergency cesarean section. The IUT complication most associated with death (fetal and neonatal) was bradycardia, and the perinatal outcomes were worse in fetuses with hydrops.
Correlates of Restless Legs Syndrome in Older People
Authors: Szklarek Magdalena , Kostka Tomasz , Kostka Joanna
Published: February 2024

Background: We examined the association between restless legs syndrome (RLS) and comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) data in two older European populations. The second goal was to evaluate correlates of their quality of life (QoL). Methods: Diagnostic criteria of the International RLS Study Group (IRLSSG) and elements of CGA were used in this study. Results: Among the examined 246 participants, 77 (31.3%) suffered from RLS, more often in the UK (39.4%) than in Poland (25.4%) (p = 0.019). In the multivariate logistic regression model, female sex [OR (CI) = 3.29 (1.51–7.21); p = 0.0014], the number of medications per day [OR (CI) = 1.11 (1.02–1.20); p = 0.011] and alcohol consumption [OR (CI) = 5.41 (2.67–10.95); p < 0.001] increased the probability of RLS. Residing in Poland [OR (CI) = 3.06 (1.36–6.88); p = 0.005], the presence of RLS [OR (CI) = 2.90 (1.36–6.17); p = 0.004], chronic heart failure, [OR (CI) = 3.60 (1.75–7.41); p < 0.001], osteoarthritis [OR (CI) = 2.85 (1.47–5.49); p = 0.0016], and urinary incontinence [OR (CI) = 4.74 (1.87–11.9); p < 0.001] were associated with a higher probability of mobility dimension problems in the QoL. Higher physical activity was related to a lower probability of mobility problems [OR (CI) = 0.85 (0.78–0.92); p < 0.001]. Conclusions: female sex, the number of medications and alcohol consumption are independent correlates of RLS in older adults. RLS together with several chronic medical conditions and a low physical activity level were independent correlates of the mobility dimension of the QoL.
Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease: An Opportunity for Pharmacists to Improve Outcomes
Authors: Neumiller Joshua J. , St. Peter Wendy L. , Shubrook Jay H.
Published: February 2024

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an important contributor to end-stage kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, and death in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D), but current evidence suggests that diagnosis and treatment are often not optimized. This review examines gaps in care for patients with CKD and how pharmacist interventions can mitigate these gaps. We conducted a PubMed search for published articles reporting on real-world CKD management practice and compared the findings with current recommendations. We find that adherence to guidelines on screening for CKD in patients with T2D is poor with particularly low rates of testing for albuminuria. When CKD is diagnosed, the prescription of recommended heart–kidney protective therapies is underutilized, possibly due to issues around treatment complexity and safety concerns. Cost and access are barriers to the prescription of newer therapies and treatment is dependent on racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic factors. Rates of nephrologist referrals for difficult cases are low in part due to limitations of information and communication between specialties. We believe that pharmacists can play a vital role in improving outcomes for patients with CKD and T2D and support the cost-effective use of healthcare resources through the provision of comprehensive medication management as part of a multidisciplinary team. The Advancing Kidney Health through Optimal Medication Management initiative supports the involvement of pharmacists across healthcare systems to ensure that comprehensive medication management can be optimally implemented.
Heterogeneity in Measures of Illness among Patients with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Is Not Explained by Clinical Practice: A Study in Seven U.S. Specialty Clinics
Authors: Unger Elizabeth R. , Lin Jin-Mann S. , Chen Yang , Cornelius Monica E. , Helton Britany , Issa Anindita N. , Bertolli Jeanne , Klimas Nancy G. , Balbin Elizabeth G. , Bateman Lucinda , Lapp Charles W. , Springs Wendy , Podell Richard N. , Fitzpatrick Trisha , Peterson Daniel L. , Gottschalk C. Gunnar , Natelson Benjamin H. , Blate Michelle , Kogelnik Andreas M. , Phan Catrina C. ,   on behalf of the MCAM Study Group
Published: February 2024

Background: One of the goals of the Multi-site Clinical Assessment of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (MCAM) study was to evaluate whether clinicians experienced in diagnosing and caring for patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) recognized the same clinical entity. Methods: We enrolled participants from seven specialty clinics in the United States. We used baseline data (n = 465) on standardized questions measuring general clinical characteristics, functional impairment, post-exertional malaise, fatigue, sleep, neurocognitive/autonomic symptoms, pain, and other symptoms to evaluate whether patient characteristics differed by clinic. Results: We found few statistically significant and no clinically significant differences between clinics in their patients’ standardized measures of ME/CFS symptoms and function. Strikingly, patients in each clinic sample and overall showed a wide distribution in all scores and measures. Conclusions: Illness heterogeneity may be an inherent feature of ME/CFS. Presenting research data in scatter plots or histograms will help clarify the challenge. Relying on case–control study designs without subgrouping or stratification of ME/CFS illness characteristics may limit the reproducibility of research findings and could obscure underlying mechanisms.
Visual Snow Syndrome in Patient with Migraine: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Chojdak-Łukasiewicz Justyna , Dziadkowiak Edyta
Published: February 2024

Visual snow syndrome (VSS) is a rarely diagnosed neurological phenomenon. It is a visual disorder characterised by the presence of numerous white, black, or translucent dots in the visual field, resembling the ‘snow’ of an analogue TV set experiencing reception interference. According to The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition, visual snow is defined as a pattern of continuous small dots across the visual field lasting >3 months and accompanied by at least two of the following four additional symptoms: palinopsia, increased entoptic phenomena, photophobia, and nyctalopia. These complaints are not consistent with a typical migraine with visual aura and cannot be better explained by another disorder. The authors present the case of a 39-year-old woman who was diagnosed with VSS. The symptoms appeared after a migraine attack and had not alleviated. The patient reported a sensation of constant ‘TV screen snow’. A neurological examination found no signs of focal damage to the nervous system. The results of the ophthalmological examination, MRI of the brain with contrast, MRI of the eye sockets, and EEG were normal. VSS is a phenomenon that is still not fully understood, different from migraine aura and associated with a number of additional symptoms. VSS is very difficult to treat. In this case, a lot of drugs were used without improvement. Further research must be conducted to determine the best treatment options for these patients.
The Long-Term Efficacy of Computed Tomography-Navigated Total Hip Arthroplasty: An 18-Year Follow-Up Study
Authors: Imai Norio , Miyasaka Dai , Ibuchi Shinya , Kimura Keishi , Hirano Yuki , Horigome Yoji , Kawashima Hiroyuki
Published: February 2024

Backgroumd: There have been few reports on the long-term survival of computed tomography (CT)-navigated total hip arthroplasty (THA), which should lead to a lower incidence of dislocation and loosening. In this study, we examined survivorship, dislocation, and loosening incidence using plain radiographs over a minimum 15-year follow-up after CT-navigated THA.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 145 consecutive CT-navigated THAs for >15 years. We surveyed the angles placed in both the acetabular and femoral components, survivorship, the occurrence of dislocation, the revision rate, and the fixation grade of the acetabular component. Results: The mean follow-up duration was 18.4 years. Overall, 73.8% of THAs were within the safe zone of Lewinnek. There were four dislocations (2.8%), with three occurring within 1 month after surgery and the other within 7 years after surgery. Revision THA was performed in one case (0.69%); consequently, the survival rate was 99.3%. The fixation grade was evaluated in 144 hips, and those were evaluated as having “no loosening”. Conclusions: CT-navigated THA was speculated to contribute to long-term survivorship, with a low rate of loosening, even after 18 years of follow-up. It was speculated that the acetabular component was placed at an acceptable insertion angle and a suitable position for stable initial fixation.
Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: How to Deal with This Chameleon
Authors: Lucà Fabiana , Oliva Fabrizio , Abrignani Maurizio Giuseppe , Di Fusco Stefania Angela , Gori Mauro , Giubilato Simona , Ceravolo Roberto , Temporelli Pier Luigi , Cornara Stefano , Rao Carmelo Massimiliano , Caretta Giorgio , Pozzi Andrea , Binaghi Giulio , Maloberti Alessandro , Di Nora Concetta , Di Matteo Irene , Pilleri Anna , Gelsomino Sandro , Riccio Carmine , Grimaldi Massimo , Colivicchi Furio , Gulizia Michele Massimo
Published: February 2024

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is characterized by a notable heterogeneity in both phenotypic and pathophysiological features, with a growing incidence due to the increase in median age and comorbidities such as obesity, arterial hypertension, and cardiometabolic disease. In recent decades, the development of new pharmacological and non-pharmacological options has significantly impacted outcomes, improving clinical status and reducing mortality. Moreover, a more personalized and accurate therapeutic management has been demonstrated to enhance the quality of life, diminish hospitalizations, and improve overall survival. Therefore, assessing the peculiarities of patients with HFpEF is crucial in order to obtain a better understanding of this disorder. Importantly, comorbidities have been shown to influence symptoms and prognosis, and, consequently, they should be carefully addressed. In this sense, it is mandatory to join forces with a multidisciplinary team in order to achieve high-quality care. However, HFpEF remains largely under-recognized and under-treated in clinical practice, and the diagnostic and therapeutic management of these patients remains challenging. The aim of this paper is to articulate a pragmatic approach for patients with HFpEF focusing on the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of HFpEF.
Current Treatment of Stress Urinary Incontinence by Bulking Agents and Laser Therapy—An Update
Authors: Sikora Michal , Gamper Marianne , Zivanovic Irena , Münst Julia , Bischofberger Helena , Kociszewski Jacek , Viereck Volker
Published: February 2024

Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) affects around 20% of women. In addition to the established suburethral sling insertion, two less invasive approaches are of interest today: urethral bulking agents and vaginal laser therapy. This review discusses articles through December 2023 identified by a PubMed literature search using the keywords “incontinence” and “bulking” or “laser”. Although the two approaches are less effective than sling insertions, there are specific conditions in which one or the other technique is more advantageous. Injecting bulking agents into the urethra only takes some minutes and works without general anesthesia. The method is particularly suited for elderly, frail, or obese patients with multiple comorbidities, but is also applicable for all patients and in combination with other therapies. Generally, the safety profile is good but differs between bulking materials. Two laser types—the Erbium:YAG laser with SMOOTH-mode and the fractional ablative CO2 laser—deliver heat into the tissue to induce tissue tightening and regeneration. Intravaginal laser therapy improves mild to moderate SUI, while studies describe how intraurethral laser therapy is also beneficial for severe SUI. Young women between childbirths, as well as postmenopausal women, may benefit from laser therapy. The method is safe, can be performed on an outpatient basis, and does not require any artificial material.
A Longitudinal Study on the Effect of Exercise Habits on Locomotive Syndrome and Quality of Life during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic
Authors: Ito Sadayuki , Nakashima Hiroaki , Segi Naoki , Ouchida Jun , Oishi Ryotaro , Yamauchi Ippei , Ishizuka Shinya , Takegami Yasuhiko , Seki Taisuke , Hasegawa Yukiharu , Imagama Shiro
Published: February 2024

During the COVID-19 pandemic, this study investigated the potential of exercise habits to improve quality of life (QOL) and prevent locomotive syndrome (LS) in residents of Yakumo-cho, Hokkaido, Japan. Participants from the 2018 health checkup were surveyed in February 2022, focusing on 200 respondents. These individuals were divided based on their 2018 exercise habits (at least 1 h per week): the exercise group (E group) and the non-exercise group (N group), further categorized in 2022 into the 2022E and 2022N groups. QOL was measured using the SF-36 (physical functioning, general health, physical role, physical pain, vitality, social functioning, emotional role, and mental health) and EuroQoL 5-dimension 5-level questionnaires (mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression), and LS was assessed with the 25-question geriatric locomotive function scale. These showed no significant change in exercise habits from 2018 to 2022. In the non-LS group, the 2022E group had higher vitality and emotional role functioning scores compared to the 2022N group. For those with LS, the 2022E group reported less physical pain. Notably, the LS incidence was significantly lower in the 2022E group. This study concludes that consistent exercise habits positively impact QOL and reduce the LS risk, underscoring the importance of regular physical activity, especially during challenging times like a pandemic. These findings highlight the broader benefits of maintaining exercise routines for public health, particularly in periods of global health crises. Based on our findings, we recommend that people continue to exercise at least one hour per week to prevent LS.
Value of Automatically Derived Full Thrombus Characteristics: An Explorative Study of Their Associations with Outcomes in Ischemic Stroke Patients
Authors: Mojtahedi Mahsa , Bruggeman Agnetha E. , van Voorst Henk , Ponomareva Elena , Kappelhof Manon , van der Lugt Aad , Hoving Jan W. , Dutra Bruna G. , Dippel Diederik , Cavalcante Fabiano , Yo Lonneke , Coutinho Jonathan , Brouwer Josje , Treurniet Kilian , Tolhuisen Manon L. , LeCouffe Natalie , Arrarte Terreros Nerea , Konduri Praneeta R. , van Zwam Wim , Roos Yvo , Majoie Charles B. L. M. , Emmer Bart J. , Marquering Henk A.
Published: February 2024

(1) Background: For acute ischemic strokes caused by large vessel occlusion, manually assessed thrombus volume and perviousness have been associated with treatment outcomes. However, the manual assessment of these characteristics is time-consuming and subject to inter-observer bias. Alternatively, a recently introduced fully automated deep learning-based algorithm can be used to consistently estimate full thrombus characteristics. Here, we exploratively assess the value of these novel biomarkers in terms of their association with stroke outcomes. (2) Methods: We studied two applications of automated full thrombus characterization as follows: one in a randomized trial, MR CLEAN-NO IV (n = 314), and another in a Dutch nationwide registry, MR CLEAN Registry (n = 1839). We used an automatic pipeline to determine the thrombus volume, perviousness, density, and heterogeneity. We assessed their relationship with the functional outcome defined as the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 90 days and two technical success measures as follows: successful final reperfusion, which is defined as an eTICI score of 2b-3, and successful first-pass reperfusion (FPS). (3) Results: Higher perviousness was significantly related to a better mRS in both MR CLEAN-NO IV and the MR CLEAN Registry. A lower thrombus volume and lower heterogeneity were only significantly related to better mRS scores in the MR CLEAN Registry. Only lower thrombus heterogeneity was significantly related to technical success; it was significantly related to a higher chance of FPS in the MR CLEAN-NO IV trial (OR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.31–0.98) and successful reperfusion in the MR CLEAN Registry (OR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.78–0.99). (4) Conclusions: Thrombus characteristics derived from automatic entire thrombus segmentations are significantly related to stroke outcomes.
Conservative Treatment of Sever’s Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hernandez-Lucas Pablo , Leirós-Rodríguez Raquel , García-Liñeira Jesús , Diez-Buil Helena
Published: February 2024

Background: Sever’s disease, or calcaneal apophysitis, stands as the most prevalent cause of heel pain in children, often linked to sports like soccer, Australian football, and basketball. While various therapies are documented in the scientific literature, the standard choice is conservative treatment. Thus, the objective of this research was to assess the effectiveness of diverse conservative methods and techniques in alleviating Sever’s disease symptoms. Methods: Systematic searches were conducted in October 2023 in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, SportDiscus, and PEDro, using terms like Osteochondritis, Osteochondrosis, Apophysitis, Sever’s disease, Calcaneus, Adolescent, Child, and Childhood. The PEDro scale gauged methodological quality, and the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool evaluated the risk of bias. Results: Eight randomized controlled studies were included, featuring commonly used treatments such as insoles, therapeutic exercises, Kinesio taping, and foot orthoses. The methodological quality was generally good, with an average PEDro score of 6.75 points. Regarding bias, four articles had low risk, three had high risk, and one had some concern. Conclusions: Conservative treatment emerges as an effective option for alleviating symptoms associated with Sever’s disease.
Comparison of En Masse Repair versus Separate Double-Layer Repair for Delaminated Rotator Cuff Tears: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Shin Kyun-Ho , Jang Il-Tae , Han Seung-Beom
Published: February 2024

Background: Delamination of cuff tendons has a negative impact on outcomes following arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (RCR). The purpose of this study is to compare en masse repair (EMR) and separate double-layer repair (SDLR) for delaminated rotator cuff tears. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted on major databases (MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Scopus) until 1 June 2023. Comparative studies with a minimum 24-month follow-up of patients undergoing arthroscopic RCR for delaminated tears were included. The outcomes assessed retear rates and functional outcomes. Results: Five eligible studies involving 325 cases were analyzed. The meta-analysis showed no significant difference in retear rates between SDLR and EMR for delaminated tears (OR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.35–1.49). However, the meta-analysis demonstrated a significant intergroup difference in favor of the SDLR for the total Constant score (SMD = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.35 to 1.02), SST score (SMD = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.71), and postoperative range of abduction (SMD = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.03 to 0.64). Conclusion: The evidence suggests that the SDLR in arthroscopic RCR for delaminated rotator cuff tears leads to improved short-term functional outcomes and range of motion compared to EMR. However, there is no significant difference in retear risk between the two approaches.
Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Perinatal Outcomes of Velamentous Umbilical Cord Insertion in Twin Pregnancies: A Single-Center Retrospective Study
Authors: Somiya Ayaho , Tsuda Hiroyuki , Tsugeno Eri , Nakamura Yumi , Kuroyanagi Masafumi , Araki Hajime , Masahashi Yoshiki , Suzuki Miho , Fukuhara Nobuhiko , Ito Yumiko , Tezuka Atsuko , Ando Tomoko , Mizuno Kimio
Published: February 2024

Background: The effect of velamentous cord insertion (VCI) on perinatal outcomes in twin pregnancies is unclear due to conflicting findings. This retrospective study aimed to examine VCI prevalence and related risk factors in twin pregnancies and its association with adverse perinatal outcomes. Methods: Women with twin pregnancies who delivered between January 2012 and December 2021 in a single tertiary hospital were included. The participants were divided into dichorionic (DC) and monochorionic diamniotic (MCDA) groups, and their maternal and fetal characteristics and VCI rates were compared. Logistic regression models were used to identify risk factors for VCI and VCI-related perinatal outcomes. Results: Among the 694 twin pregnancies included in this study, the VCI rate was significantly higher in MCDA than in DC twins. Body mass index and MCDA twins were significant risk factors for VCI, whereas assisted reproductive technology pregnancy was a significant protective factor against VCI. In DC twins, VCI did not affect perinatal outcomes. In MCDA twins, VCI was a significant risk factor for fetal growth restriction, twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome, and preterm birth at <36 weeks. Conclusions: VCI was a prominent risk factor for adverse perinatal outcomes only in MCDA twins. Antenatal sonographic assessment of the umbilical cord insertion site would be beneficial.
Is COVID-19 Infection a Multiorganic Disease? Focus on Extrapulmonary Involvement of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Duloquin Gauthier , Pommier Thibaut , Georges Marjolaine , Giroud Maurice , Guenancia Charles , Béjot Yannick , Laurent Gabriel , Rabec Claudio
Published: February 2024

First described in December 2019 in Wuhan (China), COVID-19 disease rapidly spread worldwide, constituting the biggest pandemic in the last 100 years. Even if SARS-CoV-2, the agent responsible for COVID-19, is mainly associated with pulmonary injury, evidence is growing that this virus can affect many organs, including the heart and vascular endothelial cells, and cause haemostasis, CNS, and kidney and gastrointestinal tract abnormalities that can impact in the disease course and prognosis. In fact, COVID-19 may affect almost all the organs. Hence, SARS-CoV-2 is essentially a systemic infection that can present a large number of clinical manifestations, and it is variable in distribution and severity, which means it is potentially life-threatening. The goal of this comprehensive review paper in the series is to give an overview of non-pulmonary involvement in COVID-19, with a special focus on underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical presentation.
Influence of Penetration Rate on Full-Flow Penetrometer Resistance in Underconsolidated Clay
Authors: Qiao Huanhuan , Liu Xuening , Zhou Ruixian , He Huan , Peng Peng , Jiang Zhen
Published: February 2024

In the past few years, offshore site investigations have extensively utilized full-flow penetrometers like the Ball and T-bar penetrometers to assess penetration resistance and subsequently analyze the strength characteristics of marine clay. The relationship between penetration rate and the measured resistance to penetration and shear strength in clays has been extensively documented through full-flow penetration tests. Although previous studies have shown empirical correlations between undrained shear strength and penetration resistance, the resistance factor utilized in these correlations is typically suggested for cohesive soils that are overconsolidated or normally consolidated, rather than underconsolidated soils. The effects of penetration rate undrained penetration resistances in underconsolidated marine clay are investigated in this study by considering the outcomes of variable rate penetration testing and twitch penetration testing using full-flow penetrometers in laboratory model tests. The discussion focuses on penetration resistances depending on the normalized velocity of the full-flow penetrometers (Ball and T-bar).
Analysis of Factors Affecting Vacuum Formation and Drainage in the Siphon-Vacuum Drainage Method for Marine Reclamation
Authors: Shu Junwei , Wang Jun , Chen Kexing , Shen Qingsong , Sun Hongyue
Published: February 2024

Traditional drainage methods for marine reclamation typically consume large amounts of energy and have a negative environmental impact. The siphon-vacuum drainage method (SVD) automatically forms a vacuum and drains using less energy. It has significant potential for research and application. In this study, a theoretical model is used to calculate the vacuum formation process and drainage rate. Qualitative analysis and global sensitivity analysis were conducted to investigate the effect of various factors in the SVD on vacuum formation and drainage. The qualitative analysis suggests that modifying the length and diameter of the siphon pipe and the thickness of the sealing soil column to increase the siphon rate can improve the vacuum degree and drainage efficiency. Sobol global sensitivity analysis reveals that the sealing soil column thickness is the main factor affecting the vacuum, with a first-order sensitivity index accounting for up to 79.48%. The impact of cylinder diameter and the local resistance coefficient (0.43%) can be almost neglected. A fitting equation for estimating the maximum achievable vacuum is provided. Calculations show that the vacuum formed by the SVD can reach over 80 kPa. This work can help optimize SVD design and advance environmentally friendly marine reclamation projects.
Sensitivity of Dynamic Response of Truss-Type Aquaculture Platform to Floating Body Arrangement
Authors: Cao Yu , Li Zhuo , Wang Kewen , Ye Qian
Published: February 2024

Aquaculture equipment is moving from offshore areas to the deep sea to obtain a cleaner farming environment, but will suffer from a worse marine environment. Truss-type aquaculture floating platforms have gradually gained the favor of deep-sea and ocean aquaculture due to being resistant to corrosion, lightweight, easy to move, having modular assembly characteristics, and so on. Here, a modular aquaculture floating platform that is mainly composed of high-density polyethylene non-metallic pipes as a floating body, a truss structure support and a single-point mooring system is designed. The three-dimensional potential flow theory and Morison equation are applied to the motion and force prediction of discontinuous and open structures, and an evaluation method for analyzing the hydrodynamic performance of the platform system is proposed. Then, a sensitivity analysis of the dynamic response is conducted on the density and length of the bottom floating pipe arrangement of the truss-type aquaculture floating platform. The results show that the pitch motion of the heading direction and the roll motion of the beam direction have a remarkable effect on the hydrodynamics of the truss-type aquaculture floating platform, and the maximum amplitude is 12.9 deg and 10.8 deg, respectively. The effective tension under the heading direction is greater than that under the Beam direction. And the sparser the arrangement of the floating pipe is and the longer the length of the floating pipe is, the more improved the hydrodynamic performance of the floating platform will be, but the effective tension is greatly affected by the wavelength and period, so it is necessary to design the appropriate floating pipe length according to the actual marine environment. This study could provide an engineering reference for the design, analysis, and application of an aquaculture floating platform.
A Critical Review of the Effectiveness of Biochar Coupled with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Soil Cadmium Immobilization
Authors: Fang Xin , Lee Xinqing , Twagirayezu Gratien , Cheng Hongguang , Lu Hongyu , Huang Shenglan , Deng Linbo , Ji Bo
Published: February 2024

Cadmium-contaminated soil significantly threatens global food security and human health. This scenario gives rise to significant worries regarding widespread environmental pollution. Biochar and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can effectively immobilize cadmium in the soil in an environmentally friendly way. Existing studies have separately focused on the feasibility of each in remediating polluted soil. However, their association during the remediation of cadmium-polluted soils remains unclear. This review paper aims to elucidate the potential of biochar, in conjunction with AMF, as a strategy to remediate soil contaminated with cadmium. This paper comprehensively analyzes the current understanding of the processes in cadmium immobilization in the soil environment by examining the synergistic interactions between biochar and AMF. Key factors influencing the efficacy of this approach, such as biochar properties, AMF species, and soil conditions, are discussed. The influences of biochar–AMF interactions on plant growth, nutrient uptake, and overall ecosystem health in cadmium-contaminated environments are highlighted. This review indicates that combining biochar and AMF can improve cadmium immobilization. The presence of AMF in the soil can create numerous binding sites on biochar for cadmium ions, effectively immobilizing them in the soil. Insights from this review contribute to a deeper understanding of sustainable and eco-friendly approaches to remediate cadmium-contaminated soils, offering potential applications in agriculture and environmental management.
High Glucose Is a Stimulation Signal of the Salt–Tolerant Yeast Zygosaccharomyces rouxii on Thermoadaptive Growth
Authors: Yan Zhenzhen , Xiao Xiong , Liu Quan , Wei Yangjian , Cai DongBo , Chen Xiong , Li Xin
Published: February 2024

The salt–tolerant yeast Zygosaccharomyces rouxii is a typical aroma–producing yeast used in food brewing, but its mechanism of high temperature tolerance is still unclear. In this study, the response mechanism of Z. rouxii to glucose under high temperature stress at 40 °C was explored, based on the total synthetic lowest–nutrient medium. The results of the growth curves and scanning electron microscopy showed that high glucose was necessary for Z. rouxii to restore growth under high temperature stress, with the biomass at 300 g/L of glucose (OD600, 120h = 2.44 ± 0.26) being 8.71 times higher than that at 20 g/L (OD600, 120h = 0.28 ± 0.08). The results of the transcriptome analysis, combined with RT–qPCR, showed that the KEGG analysis of differentially expressed genes was enriched in pathways related to glucose metabolism, and high glucose (300 g/L) could effectively stimulate the gene expression of glucose transporters, trehalose synthesis pathways, and xylitol synthesis pathways under a high temperature, especially the expression of the glucose receptor gene RGT2 (up–regulated 193.7 times at 12 h). The corresponding metabolic characteristics showed that the contents of intracellular metabolites, such as glucose (Cmax, 6h = 6.50 ± 0.12 mg/g DCW), trehalose (Cmax, 8h = 369.00 ± 17.82 μg/g DCW), xylitol (Cmax, 8h = 1.79 ± 0.27 mg/g DCW), and glycerol (Cmax, 8h = 268.10 ± 44.49 μg/g DCW), also increased with time. The accumulation of acetic acid, as the main product of overflow metabolism under high temperature stress (intracellular Cmax, 2h = 126.30 ± 10.96 μg/g DCW; extracellular Cmax, 12h = 499.63 ± 27.16 mg/L), indicated that the downstream glycolysis pathway was active. Compared with the normal physiological concentration of glucose, a high glucose concentration can effectively stimulate the gene expression and metabolism of salt–tolerant Z. rouxii under high–temperature conditions to restore growth. This study helps to deepen the current understanding of the thermoadaptive growth mechanism of salt–tolerant Z. rouxii.
Lung Cancer Staging—A Clinical Practice Review
Authors: Rueschhoff Ali B. , Moore Andrew W. , Jasahui Maykol R. Postigo
Published: February 2024

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-associated death globally. Staging provides classification of the anatomic extent of cancer that is used consistently worldwide. Lung cancer staging is necessary for prognostication, to inform treatment options, and to allow accurate representation in clinical trials. Staging also separates operable from inoperable disease. Since its introduction in the 1970s, the Tumor, Node and Metastasis (TNM) Staging System has undergone significant revisions, with the latest version, the eighth edition, being effective internationally since 2017. Advances in bronchoscopic and thoracoscopic technologies have expanded procedures to diagnose lung cancer and accurately define the anatomic stage. Understanding the advantages and disadvantages of available methods for staging lung cancer is critical to clinician decision making. In patients with lung cancer without distant metastases, the staging of mediastinal lymph nodes determines treatment options. To minimize the risk and cost, the most appropriate method of staging should identify the highest disease stage while carrying acceptable risk. Minimally invasive endoscopic needle techniques to stage the mediastinum are the first choice to assess for metastases in accessible lymph node stations. Surgical techniques are generally reserved for specific clinical situations, including following negative endoscopic needle techniques when suspicion for nodal involvement is high and to assess endoscopically inaccessible lymph nodes. This review provides a concise account of TNM staging of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and overview of procedures available for the staging of lung cancer.
Association between Expression of Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1), IGF-1 Receptor (IGF-1R), and Hypertension-Mediated Organ Damage (HMOD) Parameters in Leukocytes and Plasma of Children/Adolescents with Primary Hypertension
Authors: Grzywa-Czuba Renata , Trojanek Joanna Beata , Michałkiewicz Jacek , Kubiszewska Izabela , Obrycki Łukasz , Wierzbicka-Rucińska Aldona , Litwin Mieczysław
Published: February 2024

A decrease in IGF-1 is often linked to inflammation. Low systemic and local IGF-1 production and downregulation of IGF-1R expression may precede and predict PH development in children/adolescents. Leukocyte mRNA expression of IGF-1 and its receptor (IGF-1R) and plasma IGF-1 were measured in a group of 39 PH children/adolescents (29 boys and 10 girls) and 35 age-matched normotensive children (19 boys and 16 girls) using the RT-PCR and ELISA tests. The expression of the IGF-1R protein was assessed by flow cytometry. Plasma IGF-1 concentration was evaluated with ELISA. The expression of IGF-1 and IGF-1R and plasma concentrations of IGF-1 did not differ between groups. However, the PH children had a decreased percentage in IGF-1R-bearing lymphocytes (p = 0.02) and monocytes (p = 0.0003), as well as a low density of IGF-R in monocytes (p = 0.02). The IGF-1 expression was negatively correlated with pulse-wave velocity (PWV) (r = −0.49), systolic blood pressure (SBP) (−0.44), and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) (−0.43). The IGF-1R expression was negatively correlated with PWV (r = −0.42) and SBP (r = −0.41). Our results suggest that early subclinical hypertensive arterial injury is associated with lower activity of IGF-1-IGF-1R expression and loss of protective actions.
Electrocauterization versus Ligation of Lymphatic Vessels to Prevent Lymphocele Development after Kidney Transplantation—A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Matrisch Ludwig , Lapshyn Hryhoriy , Nitschke Martin , Rau Yannick
Published: February 2024

Background: Lymphoceles are amongst the most common complications following kidney transplantation. Therefore, effective strategies to prevent their development are needed. The ligation of lymphatic vessels has proven to be a successful concept for that purpose. However, whether electrocauterization or suture ligation is more effective is unclear. Methods: We conducted a meta-analysis using a random effects model with the log risk ratio as the primary outcome measure. Additionally, an analysis using a random effects model with the raw mean difference in lymphatic sealing time between suture ligation and electrocauterization was performed. Adequate studies were found in a literature search conducted in PubMed, CENTRAL and Web of Science as well as from independent sources. Results: A total of 8 studies including 601 patients were included in the analysis. The estimated average log risk ratio based on the random effects model was µ = −0.374 (95% CI: −0.949 to 0.201), which did not differ significantly from zero (z = −1.28, p = 0.2). The lymphatic sealing time was 7.28 (95% CI:1.25–13.3) minutes shorter in the electrocauterization group. Conclusions: We conclude that neither technique is superior for the purpose of lymphocele prevention post kidney transplantation, and secondary criteria like time savings, cost and surgeons’ preference should be considered in the decision for an optimal outcome.
Comparison of the Radiographic and Clinical Outcomes between the Sinus Tarsi and Extended Lateral Approaches for Intra-Articular Calcaneal Fractures: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Mao Jui-Ting , Chen Chien-Ming , Lin Chung-Wei , Lu Hsuan-Lun , Kuo Chien-Chung
Published: February 2024

The aim of this study was to compare the radiological and functional outcomes of the extended lateral and sinus tarsi approaches for managing displaced intraarticular calcaneal fractures. This retrospective study involved 44 patients with displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures. The patients were treated with either the extended lateral or sinus tarsi approach and followed up for at least a year. The radiological and clinical outcomes were compared between the approaches. The waiting time for surgery was shorter and the complication rate was lower in the sinus tarsi approach group than in the other group. There were no significant differences in the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society ankle–hindfoot score, Foot Function Index, or visual analog scale score between the groups. In both groups, the radiological outcomes (Böhler angle, calcaneal width, and calcaneal height) were better postoperatively than preoperatively. The sinus tarsi approach is a safe and effective alternative to the extended lateral approach for managing displaced intraarticular calcaneal fractures. It is associated with a lower complication rate and a shorter waiting time for surgery than the extended lateral approach, with similar functional and radiological outcomes.
On Comparing and Assessing Robustness of Some Popular Non-Stationary BINAR(1) Models
Authors: Sunecher Yuvraj , Mamode Khan Naushad
Published: February 2024

Intra-day transactions of stocks from competing firms in the financial markets are known to exhibit significant volatility and over-dispersion. This paper proposes some bivariate integer-valued auto-regressive models of order 1 (BINAR(1)) that are useful to analyze such financial series. These models were constructed under both time-variant and time-invariant conditions to capture features such as over-dispersion and non-stationarity in time series of counts. However, the quest for the most robust BINAR(1) models is still on. This paper considers specifically the family of BINAR(1)s with a non-diagonal cross-correlation structure and with unpaired innovation series. These assumptions relax the number of parameters to be estimated. Simulation experiments are performed to assess both the consistency of the estimators and the robust behavior of the BINAR(1)s under mis-specified innovation distribution specifications. The proposed BINAR(1)s are applied to analyze the intra-day transaction series of AstraZeneca and Ericsson. Diagnostic measures such as the root mean square errors (RMSEs) and Akaike information criteria (AICs) are also considered. The paper concludes that the BINAR(1)s with negative binomial and COM–Poisson innovations are among the most suitable models to analyze over-dispersed intra-day transaction series of stocks.
Authorized and Unauthorized Consumption of SVOD Content: Modeling Determinants of Demand and Measuring Effects of Enforcing Access Control
Authors: Redondo Ignacio , Serrano Diana
Published: February 2024

Consumers are attracted by the increasing number of available SVOD platforms, but it would be too expensive to pay the subscription fees for all of them. To reduce costs, consumers can combine the use of proprietary subscriptions, non-proprietary subscriptions, and illegal streaming sites. In turn, platforms could enforce access control, a decision that might produce the desired reduction in non-proprietary subscriptions but also an undesired reduction in proprietary subscriptions. The effects of this decision and the determinants of SVOD content demand remain largely unexplored. We propose a baseline model where the SVOD content demand is driven by variety seeking, household financial situation, ethical evaluation, and social norms, as well as a change model where the subscription variation is driven by users’ trait reactance and perceived fairness of the decision. We conducted a survey on the current ways SVOD content is consumed and responses to a hypothetical access control enforcement, with four randomized versions of the authentication mode. Results confirmed many of the proposed determinants and showed a noteworthy reduction in proprietary subscriptions due to the control enforcement but no effect due to the authentication modes. All these findings may help improve future models of SVOD content consumption and better address the difficult challenge of converting unauthorized users into authorized ones.
Leveraging Continental Norms and Mechanisms to Enhance Barrier-Free Access for Pedestrians with Disabilities in Kenya
Authors: Mute Lawrence M. , Meroka-Mutua Agnes K.
Published: February 2024

When it is realised meaningfully, barrier-free access enables pedestrians with disabilities to use streets without being impeded by non-existent or poorly maintained sidewalks, inaccessible overpasses or underpasses, crowded sidewalks, lack of traffic controls, lack of aids at street crossings, unsafe motorist behaviour, and poor signage and lighting. While Kenya has laws in place that are intended to facilitate barrier-free access, in reality, these laws are not implemented, resulting in the violations of rights of pedestrians in general, and pedestrians with disabilities in particular. Using the lived experiences of pedestrians with disabilities, this article reflects on the policy, legislative, and practical contexts which undermine access. It shows that despite the range of policy and legal instruments which Kenya has adopted or enacted to ensure the public in general can access streets, pedestrians with disabilities enjoy arising benefits only marginally. The article’s thesis is that continental policy and normative instruments and institutions may impel Kenya towards ensuring that pedestrians with disabilities have meaningful barrier-free access.
Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection and COVID-19: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Tsigkas Grigorios , Bozika Maria , Nastouli Kassiani-Maria , Apostolos Anastasios , Routoula Michaela , Georga Athanasia-Maria , Latta Anastasia , Papageorgiou Angeliki , Papafaklis Michail I. , Leventopoulos Georgios , Karamasis Grigoris V. , Davlouros Periklis
Published: February 2024

SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. While the cardiovascular effects of COVID-19 have been thoroughly described, there are limited published studies in the literature establishing a connection between spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) and COVID-19. Cardiovascular manifestations include, among others, myocarditis, acute myocardial infraction, and thrombosis. In general, SCAD is an uncommon and underdiagnosed cause of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), particularly in younger women and in patients with underlying fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD). Many patients with SCAD often report significant emotional stress, especially in relation with job loss, during the week preceding their cardiac event. Moreover, the COVID-19 pandemic has led to societal stress and increased unemployment, factors that have been associated with cardiovascular morbidity. SCAD emerges as a rare manifestation of coronary artery disease, which a few recent case reports link to COVID-19. The aim of this article is to summarize the relevant data on the pathophysiology of COVID-19 and SCAD along with a review of the reported cases on acute coronary syndrome (ACS) following SARS-CoV2 infection and, thus, to provide insights about the relationship between COVID-19 and SCAD.