bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evolving the Digital Industrial Infrastructure for Production: Steps Taken and the Road Ahead
Authors: Pennekamp Jan , Belova Anastasiia , Bergs Thomas , Bodenbenner Matthias , Bührig-Polaczek Andreas , Dahlmanns Markus , Kunze Ike , Kröger Moritz , Geisler Sandra , Henze Martin , Lütticke Daniel , Montavon Benjamin , Niemietz Philipp , Ortjohann Lucia , Rudack Maximilian , Schmitt Robert H. , Vroomen Uwe , Wehrle Klaus , Zeng Michael
Published: May 2023

The Internet of Production (IoP) leverages concepts such as digital shadows, data lakes, and a World Wide Lab (WWL) to advance today’s production. Consequently, it requires a technical infrastructure that can support the agile deployment of these concepts and corresponding high-level applications, which, e.g., demand the processing of massive data in motion and at rest. As such, key research aspects are the support for low-latency control loops, concepts on scalable data stream processing, deployable information security, and semantically rich and efficient long-term storage. In particular, such an infrastructure cannot continue to be limited to machines and sensors, but additionally needs to encompass networked environments: production cells, edge computing, and location-independent cloud infrastructures. Finally, in light of the envisioned WWL, i.e., the interconnection of production sites, the technical infrastructure must be advanced to support secure and privacy-preserving industrial collaboration. To evolve today’s production sites and lay the infrastructural foundation for the IoP, we identify five broad streams of research: (1) adapting data and stream processing to heterogeneous data from distributed sources, (2) ensuring data interoperability between systems and production sites, (3) exchanging and sharing data with different stakeholders, (4) network security approaches addressing the risks of increasing interconnectivity, and (5) security architectures to enable secure and privacy-preserving industrial collaboration. With our research, we evolve the underlying infrastructure from isolated, sparsely networked production sites toward an architecture that supports high-level applications and sophisticated digital shadows while facilitating the transition toward a WWL.
Introduction
Authors: Jongeneel Wouter , Moulay Emmanuel
Published: May 2023

This first chapter puts forward the potential and arguably necessity of employing topological methods when studying nonlinear dynamical control systems. This potential is further emphasized by highlighting the historical development of Poincaré’s qualitative work until the 1980s. Furthermore, we introduce a running example and discuss related work and the contents of this monograph
Generalizations and Open Problems
Authors: Jongeneel Wouter , Moulay Emmanuel
Published: May 2023

This chapter concludes the monograph and provides a brief overview of generalizations, ongoing work and open problems. In particular, by means of periodic orbits we highlight analogous discrete-time theory. Moreover, we remark how to generalize the classical Poincaré–Hopf theorem and we highlight Morse–, Lusternik–Schnirelmann– and Conley (index) theory.
Demokratisierung als Richtschnur medialer Transformation. Eine Einleitung
Authors: Legrand Jupp , Linden Benedikt , Arlt Hans-Jürgen
Published: May 2023

Die Anzeichen einer Krise der demokratischen Öffentlichkeit sind nicht zu übersehen: Fake News, Dauererregung, Empörungsspiralen, der Niedergang des klassischen Geschäftsmodells des Journalismus sind nur einige Stichworte. Gleichzeitig mehren sich wissenschaftliche und publizistische Beiträge, die versuchen, die gegenwärtigen Veränderungen zu analysieren und Bausteine einer gestaltbaren Transformation vorzuschlagen. Der Begriff der Demokratisierung kann – auch in Anknüpfung an die Ideen des visionären Gewerkschafters Otto Brenner – Leitidee und Richtschnur sein, um dem neuen Strukturwandel der Öffentlichkeit Orientierung zu geben. Er eignet sich als Bewertungsfolie für Strukturen und Prozesse, Institutionen, Inhalte und Formate des modernen digitalisierten Mediensystems.
Europas Krisen und das Versagen der Medien – die überfällige Europäisierung des Journalismus
Authors: Schumann Harald , Simantke Elisa
Published: May 2023

Anhand konkreter Beispiele – unter anderem der irischen und griechischen Staatsschuldenkrise der 2010er-Jahre – lässt sich zeigen, wie Massenmedien seit Jahrzehnten über europäische Themen allein aus der nationalen Perspektive ihrer Sitzländer berichten. Da die Journalistinnen und Journalisten zusätzlich oftmals nur geringe Kenntnis von den Vorgängen in den EU-Institutionen und den jeweils anderen Staaten haben, fehlt es Europa an einer adäquaten „Vierten Gewalt“. Die Qualität der Informationen und Kommentierungen bleibt hinter demokratischen Ansprüchen von Kontrolle, Aufklärung und Kritik deutlich zurück. Um der Misere zu entkommen, ist es notwendig, bei der Berichterstattung über Vorgänge in Politik, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft die Frage nach dem europäischen Kontext zum verpflichtenden Standard zu machen. Der Beitrag stellt Vorschläge zur Diskussion, wie dieses Ziel erreicht werden könnte.
Boundedness of Iwasawa Invariants of Fine Selmer Groups and Selmer Groups
Authors: Kleine Sören , Matar Ahmed
Published: May 2023

In this article we consider Selmer groups and fine Selmer groups of abelian varieties over a number field K. Following a classical approach of Monsky for Iwasawa modules from ideal class groups, we give sufficient conditions for the Iwasawa $$\mu $$
μ
-invariants of the fine Selmer groups and the $$\mu $$
μ
-invariants of the Selmer groups to be bounded as one runs over the $$\mathbb {Z}_p$$

Z
p

-extensions of K. Moreover, we describe a criterion for the boundedness of Iwasawa $$\lambda $$
λ
-invariants of Selmer groups and fine Selmer groups over multiple $$\mathbb {Z}_p$$

Z
p

-extensions which generalises a criterion of Monsky from dimension 2 to arbitrary dimension.
Social integration and risk of mortality among African-Americans: the Jackson heart study
Authors: Lee Harold H. , Okuzono Sakurako S. , Trudel-Fitzgerald Claudia , James Peter , Koga Hayami K. , Sims Mario , Grodstein Francine , Kubzansky Laura D.
Published: May 2023

Objective

Evidence suggests that greater social integration is related to lower mortality rates. However, studies among African-Americans are limited. We examined whether higher social integration was associated with lower mortality in 5306 African-Americans from the Jackson Heart Study, who completed the Berkman-Syme Social Network Index in 2000–2004 and were followed until 2018.

Methods

We estimated hazard ratios (HR) of mortality by categories of the Social Network Index (i.e., high social isolation, moderate social isolation [reference group], moderate social integration, high social integration) using Cox proportional hazard models. Covariates included baseline sociodemographics, depressive symptoms, health conditions, and health behaviors.

Results

Compared with moderate isolation, moderate integration was associated with an 11% lower mortality rate (HR = 0.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.77, 1.03), and high integration was associated with a 25% lower mortality rate (HR = 0.75, 95% CI 0.64, 0.87), controlling for sociodemographics and depressive symptoms; compared with moderate isolation, high isolation was related to a 34% higher mortality rate (HR = 1.34, 95% CI 1.00, 1.79). Further adjustment of potential mediators (health conditions and health behaviors) only slightly attenuated HRs (e.g., HRmoderate integration = 0.90, 95% CI 0.78, 1.05; HRhigh integration = 0.77, 95% CI 0.66, 0.89).

Conclusion

Social integration may be a psychosocial health asset with future work needed to identify biobehavioral processes underlying observed associations with mortality among African-Americans.
Balanced-Viscosity Solutions to Infinite-Dimensional Multi-Rate Systems
Authors: Mielke Alexander , Rossi Riccarda
Published: May 2023

We consider generalized gradient systems with rate-independent and rate-dependent dissipation potentials. We provide a general framework for performing a vanishing-viscosity limit leading to the notion of parametrized and true Balanced-Viscosity solutions that include a precise description of the jump behavior developing in this limit. Distinguishing an elastic variable u having a viscous damping with relaxation time $$\varepsilon ^\alpha $$

ε
α

and an internal variable z with relaxation time $$\varepsilon $$
ε
we obtain different limits for the three cases $$\alpha \in (0,1)$$

α
∈
(
0
,
1
)

, $$\alpha =1$$

α
=
1

and $$\alpha >1$$

α
>
1

. An application to a delamination problem shows that the theory is general enough to treat nontrivial models in continuum mechanics.
Diagnostic performance of deep learning–based reconstruction algorithm in 3D MR neurography
Authors: Ensle Falko , Kaniewska Malwina , Tiessen Anja , Lohezic Maelene , Getzmann Jonas M. , Guggenberger Roman
Published: May 2023

Objective

The study aims to evaluate the diagnostic performance of deep learning–based reconstruction method (DLRecon) in 3D MR neurography for assessment of the brachial and lumbosacral plexus.

Materials and methods

Thirty-five exams (18 brachial and 17 lumbosacral plexus) of 34 patients undergoing routine clinical MR neurography at 1.5 T were retrospectively included (mean age: 49 ± 12 years, 15 female). Coronal 3D T2-weighted short tau inversion recovery fast spin echo with variable flip angle sequences covering plexial nerves on both sides were obtained as part of the standard protocol. In addition to standard-of-care (SOC) reconstruction, k-space was reconstructed with a 3D DLRecon algorithm.

Two blinded readers evaluated images for image quality and diagnostic confidence in assessing nerves, muscles, and pathology using a 4-point scale. Additionally, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratios (CNR) between nerve, muscle, and fat were measured.

For comparison of visual scoring result non-parametric paired sample Wilcoxon signed-rank testing and for quantitative analysis paired sample Student’s t-testing was performed.

Results

DLRecon scored significantly higher than SOC in all categories of image quality (p < 0.05) and diagnostic confidence (p < 0.05), including conspicuity of nerve branches and pathology. With regard to artifacts there was no significant difference between the reconstruction methods.

Quantitatively, DLRecon achieved significantly higher CNR and SNR than SOC (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

DLRecon enhanced overall image quality, leading to improved conspicuity of nerve branches and pathology, and allowing for increased diagnostic confidence in evaluation of the brachial and lumbosacral plexus.
Are LMICs Achieving the Lancet Commission Global Benchmark for Surgical Volumes? A Systematic Review
Authors: Patil Priti , Nathani Priyansh , Bakker Juul M. , van Duinen Alex J. , Bhushan Pranav , Shukla Minal , Chalise Samir , Roy Nobhojit , Gadgil Anita
Published: May 2023

Introduction

The Lancet Commission on Global Surgery (LCoGS) set the benchmark of 5000 procedures per 100,000 population annually to meet surgical needs adequately. This systematic review provides an overview of the last ten years of surgical volumes in Low and Middle‐Income‐Countries (LMICs).

Methodology

We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane, and EMBASE databases for studies from LMICs addressing surgical volume. The number of surgeries performed per 100,000 population was estimated. We used cesarean sections, hernia, and laparotomies as index cases for the surgical capacities of the country. Their proportions to total surgical volumes were estimated. The association of country‐specific surgical volumes and the proportion of index cases with its Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita was analyzed.

Results

A total of 26 articles were included in this review. In LMICs, on average, 877 surgeries were performed per 100,000 population. The proportion of cesarean sections was found to be high in all LMICs, with an average of 30.1% of the total surgeries, followed by hernia (16.4%) and laparotomy (5.1%). The overall surgical volumes increased as the GDP per capita increased. The proportions of cesarean section and hernia to total surgical volumes decreased with increased GDP per capita. Significant heterogeneity was found in the methodologies to assess surgical volumes, and inconsistent reporting hindered comparison between countries.

Conclusion

Most LMICs have surgical volumes below the LCoGS benchmark of 5000 procedures per 100,000 population, with an average of 877 surgeries. The surgical volume increased while the proportions of hernia and cesarean sections reduced with increased GDP per capita. In the future, it's essential to apply uniform and reproducible data collection methods for obtaining multinational data that can be more accurately compared.
Oculomotor abnormalities indicate early executive dysfunction in prodromal X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism (XDP)
Authors: Mertin Renana , Diesta Cid , Brüggemann Norbert , Rosales Raymond L. , Hanssen Henrike , Westenberger Ana , Steinhardt Julia , Heldmann Marcus , Manalo Hans T. S. , Oropilla Jean Q. , Klein Christine , Helmchen Christoph , Sprenger Andreas
Published: May 2023

Background

X-Linked dystonia-parkinsonism (XDP) is a movement disorder characterized by the presence of both dystonia and parkinsonism with one or the other more prominent in the initial stages and later on manifesting with more parkinsonian features towards the latter part of the disease. XDP patients show oculomotor abnormalities indicating prefrontal and striatal impairment. This study investigated oculomotor behavior in non-manifesting mutation carriers (NMC). We hypothesized that oculomotor disorders occur before the appearance of dystonic or parkinsonian signs. This could help to functionally identify brain regions already affected in the prodromal stage of the disease.

Methods

Twenty XDP patients, 13 NMC, and 28 healthy controls (HC) performed different oculomotor tasks typically affected in patients with parkinsonian signs.

Results

The error rate for two types of volitional saccades, i.e., anti-saccades and memory-guided saccades, was increased not only in XDP patients but also in NMC compared to HC. However, the increase in error rates of both saccade types were highly correlated in XDP patients only. Hypometria of reflexive saccades was only found in XDP patients. Initial acceleration and maintenance velocity of smooth pursuit eye movements were only impaired in XDP patients.

Conclusions

Despite being asymptomatic, NMC already showed some oculomotor deficits reflecting fronto-striatal impairments, typically found in XDP patients. However, NMC did not show saccade hypometria and impaired smooth pursuit as seen in advanced Parkinson’s disease and XDP, suggesting oculomotor state rather than trait signs in these mutation carriers. Neurodegeneration may commence in the striatum and prefrontal cortex, specifically the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.
6H-Pyrimido[2,1-a]isoindoles: acid–base and complexation properties and electrooxidation model of metabolic degradation
Authors: Nesměrák Karel , Němcová Irena
Published: May 2023

Physicochemical properties of pharmacological interest were determined for ten 6H-pyrimido[2,1-a]isoindoles. The compounds studied were found to be weak bases with a pKa ranging from 2.38 to 3.46. Furthermore, the association constants of the studied compounds with cyclodextrins were examined. The formation of complexes was observed with 1:1 stoichiometry, γ-cyclodextrin was found to be the best complexing. Finally, the electrochemical oxidation of 6H-pyrimido[2,1-a]-isoindoles in 0.1 mol dm−3 sodium perchlorate in acetonitrile was studied as a model of their possible metabolic degradation. It was found to be a one-electron process, and the values of the half-wave potentials are in the range of 1.34–1.62 V (vs. Ag/AgNO3/NaClO4). The electrooxidation products of three selected compounds were prepared by preparative electrolysis and subsequently identified by mass spectrometry. From the data obtained, it is evident that the electrochemical oxidation of the 6H-pyrimido[2,1-a]isoindoles begins with the formation of N-oxides, followed by dimerization of the molecule or, contrary to this, by oxidative cleavage of the pyrimidine ring. From a metabolic point of view, N-oxidation is the corresponding process to this pathway.

Graphical abstract
Erste Erfahrungen mit einem Multisymptomscreening auf Unterstützungsbedarf bei Patienten mit metastasierten Krebserkrankungen
Authors: van Oorschot Birgitt , Zechel S. , Roch C. , Jentschke E.
Published: May 2023

Hintergrund

Im Zertifizierungssystem der Deutschen Krebsgesellschaft (DKG) sind verschiedene Screenings auf supportiv-therapeutischen Bedarf empfohlen. Die neue Palliativkennzahl „Symptom- und Belastungserfassung mit MIDOS/IPOS“ (Minimales Dokumentationssystem/Integrated Palliative Outcome Scale) wurde 2022 multizentrisch pilotiert, in Würzburg mittels IPOS in einem kombinierten Fragebogen gemeinsam mit dem psychoonkologischen Screening und dem Mangelernährungsscreening im Sarkomzentrum, im Zentrum für endokrine Tumoren und im molekularen Tumorboard.

Fragestellung

Von Interesse waren neben den berichteten Symptomen und Belastungen auch die Häufigkeit von mehrfacher Positivität im Screening und die Informationswünsche über Unterstützungsangebote in Relation zur Entfernung Wohnort – Behandlungsort.

Ergebnisse

Den Fragebogen beantworteten 58/118 Zielpatienten (49,1 %). Alle Patienten berichteten über klinisch relevante Symptome oder Belastungen, zumeist im emotionalen Bereich. Im psychoonkologischen Screening waren 56,8 % auffällig, 46,6 % im IPOS-Screening bzgl. spezialisiert-palliativmedizinischer Mitbetreuung und 5,1 % im Mangelernährungsscreening. In 2 Screenings positiv waren 43,4 %, und 4,3 % waren in allen 3 Screenings positiv. Gezielte Informationen über die Unterstützungsangebote wünschten 53,4 %. Dabei kamen 47,6 % der Anfragen von Befragten, die weiter als 50 km entfernt vom Behandlungsort wohnten.

Schlussfolgerungen

Ein gemeinsames Screening ist umsetzbar und belegt den supportiv-therapeutischen Bedarf. Die bedarfsgerechte Unterstützung von weiter entfernt wohnenden Patienten bedarf innovativer Strategien.
Effect of glazing technique and firing on surface roughness and flexural strength of an advanced lithium disilicate
Authors: Lu Y , Dal Piva A. M. O , Nedeljkovic I , Tribst J. P. M , Feilzer A. J , Kleverlaan C. J
Published: May 2023

Objective

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of glazing technique and firing on the surface roughness and flexural strength of an advanced lithium disilicate (ALD) and lithium disilicate (LD).

Methods

Eight groups of bar-shaped specimens (1 mm × 1 mm × 12 mm, N=160, 20/group) were manufactured from ALD (CEREC Tessera, Dentsply Sirona) and LD (IPS e.max CAD, Ivoclar). The specimens were then submitted to various posttreatments: crystallization (c), crystallization followed by a second firing (c-r), crystallization with glaze in one step (cg), and crystallization followed by a glaze layer firing (c-g). Surface roughness was measured by means of a profilometer, and flexural strength was determined using a three-point bending test. Surface morphology, fractography, and crack healing analysis were conducted using scanning electron microscopy.

Results

Refiring (c-r) did not affect the surface roughness (Ra) while applying glaze at both cg and c-g procedures increased the roughness. ALDc-g (442.3 ± 92.5 MPa) promoted higher strength than ALDcg (282.1 ± 64.4 MPa), whereas LDcg (402.9 ± 78.4 MPa) was stronger than LDc-g (255.5 ± 68.7 MPa). Refiring completely closed the crack in ALD, but it had a limited effect on LD.

Conclusions

Two-step crystallization and glazing improved ALD strength compared to the one-step protocol. Refiring and one-step glazing do not increase LD’s strength, while two-step glazing has a negative effect.

Clinical relevance

Besides both materials being lithium-disilicate glass ceramics, the glazing technique and firing protocol affected their roughness and flexural strength differently. A two-step crystallization and glazing should be the first choice for ALD, while for LD, glazing is optional and when necessary, should be applied in one-step.
Neurofibromatosis type 1-associated plexiform neurofibromas of the neck: topography of lesions and surgical treatment data of 69 patients
Authors: Friedrich Reinhard E. , Löhmann Daniel M.
Published: May 2023

Purpose

Plexiform neurofibromas (PNF) are rare tumors arising from peripheral nerve sheath cells. PNF are a hallmark in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), a tumor predisposition syndrome. PNF often grow invasively and destructively, what may complicate surgical treatment. Data on frequency, location, and surgical procedures of patients with NF1-associated FPNF are scarce. This study provides treatment data of NF1 patients.

Methods

Localization and treatment data of 69 NF1 patients with neck PNF were analyzed. Frequency of lesions was recorded in coded colors on schematic neck drawings.

Results

The tumors showed no side preference, were located in the entire area under investigation, and did not respect anatomical units/dermatomes. However, the sternocleidomastoid region was particularly frequently affected. The mean number of surgical measures per patient was 1.33. Complications were extensive swelling, hematoma, and bleeding. Histological assessment usually confirmed the clinical assessment of neoplasm. However, histologic differentiation of PNST reveals differences in between tumors that have been unified in clinical assessment as PNF.

Conclusion

The color-coded, schematic overview of the frequency distribution of surgical neck interventions in NF1 patients with PNF proved a useful tool to gain assessment of preferred treatment needs. The imaging procedure may be suitable for controlling the external aspect of natural tumor development (growth, effects of aging) in the same way as the documentation of the post-surgical course. Treatment plans for patients with these tumors should consider that repeated interventions may be necessary to achieve a longer-term stable result.
Hospital admission and mortality rates for non-Covid diseases among residents of the long-term care facilities before and during the pandemic: a cohort study in two Italian regions
Authors: Mazzilli Sara , Scardina Giuditta , Collini Francesca , Forni Silvia , Gianolio Giulio , Bisceglia Lucia , Lopalco Pier Luigi , Chieti Antonio , Onder Graziano , Vanacore Nicola , Bonaccorsi Guglielmo , Gemmi Fabrizio , Tavoschi Lara
Published: May 2023

Aim

Long-term-care facility residents are a vulnerable population who experienced reduced healthcare access during the pandemic. This study aimed to assess the indirect impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, in terms of hospitalisation and mortality rates, among this population in two Italian Regions, Tuscany and Apulia, during 2020 in comparison with the pre-pandemic period.

Subject and methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study on people residing in long-term-care facilities from 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2020 (baseline period: 1 January 2018–8 March 2020; pandemic period: and 9 March–31 December 2020). Hospitalisation rates were stratified by sex and major disease groups. Standardised weekly rates were estimated with a Poisson regression model. Only for Tuscany, mortality risk at 30 days after hospitalisation was calculated with the Kaplan–Meier estimator. Mortality risk ratios were calculated using Cox proportional regression models.

Results

Nineteen thousand two hundred and fifty individuals spent at least 7 days in a long-term-care facility during the study period. The overall mean non-Covid hospital admission rate per 100 000 residents/week was 144.1 and 116.2 during the baseline and pandemic periods, with a decrease to 99.7 and 77.3 during the first (March–May) and second lockdown (November–December). Hospitalisation rates decreased for all major disease groups. Thirty-day mortality risk ratios for non-Covid conditions increased during the pandemic period (1.2, 1.1 to 1.4) compared with baseline.

Conclusion

The pandemic resulted in worse non-COVID-related health outcomes for long-term-care facilities’ residents. There is a need to prioritise these facilities in national pandemic preparedness plans and to ensure their full integration in national surveillance systems.
The recontextualisation and cultural compatibility of student-centred education: the case of the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Kinuthia Heather
Published: May 2023

This article examines the purposeful introduction of the pedagogy of student-centred education (SCE) in one educational institution in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) to consider its cultural compatibility. The study was undertaken in the largest higher education (HE) institution in the country where a key element of the institution’s two strategic plans over a nine-year period was to blend traditional and innovative teaching methods, including student centred approaches, into programmes of study. Interpretative phenomenological analysis is used to analyse the perspectives of seven non-citizen, Western teachers, as they recontextualise their practice. Drawing on Heidegger, the study explores the philosophical nature and significance of place as a way of thinking about the world. Findings revealed aspects of the teachers’ student-centred practice are challenging; the universal value of SCE is understood in relative rather than absolute terms with an overall need to diversify universal imaginings of pedagogy. Centralised curricula, high stakes final assessments and individualised performance management models ultimately determined learning experiences, leaving little room for any sustained inquiry into the recontextualisation of SCE. The study concludes that pedagogy is inescapably situated: practiced in terms of place orientated thinking. Transformation necessitates an epistemic institution where change is a public endeavour and teachers are positioned inside participatory processes with possibilities to renegotiate, rearticulate and resignify pedagogy.
Engel’s Theorem in Mathlib
Authors: Nash Oliver
Published: May 2023

We discuss the theory of Lie algebras in Lean’s Mathlib library. Using nilpotency as the theme, we outline a computer formalisation of Engel’s theorem and an application to root space theory. We emphasise that all arguments work with coefficients in any commutative ring.
A novel approach for software defect prediction using CNN and GRU based on SMOTE Tomek method
Authors: Khleel Nasraldeen Alnor Adam , Nehéz Károly
Published: May 2023

Software defect prediction (SDP) plays a vital role in enhancing the quality of software projects and reducing maintenance-based risks through the ability to detect defective software components. SDP refers to using historical defect data to construct a relationship between software metrics and defects via diverse methodologies. Several prediction models, such as machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL), have been developed and adopted to recognize software module defects, and many methodologies and frameworks have been presented. Class imbalance is one of the most challenging problems these models face in binary classification. However, When the distribution of classes is imbalanced, the accuracy may be high, but the models cannot recognize data instances in the minority class, leading to weak classifications. So far, little research has been done in the previous studies that address the problem of class imbalance in SDP. In this study, the data sampling method is introduced to address the class imbalance problem and improve the performance of ML models in SDP. The proposed approach is based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) and gated recurrent unit (GRU) combined with a synthetic minority oversampling technique plus the Tomek link (SMOTE Tomek) to predict software defects. To establish the efficiency of the proposed models, the experiments have been conducted on benchmark datasets obtained from the PROMISE repository. The experimental results have been compared and evaluated in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, F-measure, Matthew’s correlation coefficient (MCC), the area under the ROC curve (AUC), the area under the precision-recall curve (AUCPR), and mean square error (MSE). The experimental results showed that the proposed models predict the software defects more effectively on the balanced datasets than the original datasets, with an improvement of up to 19% for the CNN model and 24% for the GRU model in terms of AUC. We compared our proposed approach with existing SDP approaches based on several standard performance measures. The comparison results demonstrated that the proposed approach significantly outperforms existing state-of-the-art SDP approaches on most datasets.
The Impact of La Substitution on the Structural, Molecular, Morphological, and Thermal Properties of Mn0.6Zn0.4Fe2O4
Authors: Mostafa M. , Khalaf A. , El-Maghraby E. M. , Dagher R. A. , Hemeda O. M.
Published: May 2023

The current work involves the use of flash auto combustion procedure to synthesize nano-ferrites Mn0.6Zn0.4LaxFe2-xO4, (x = 0.00, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, and 0.10) annealing at 500 °C for 4 h. X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier transition infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) were used to characterize the structural properties of produced samples. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was utilized to examine the surface morphology of the samples at various Lanthanum concentrations. From XRD, the spinel cubic structure for all samples with few traces of secondary phase at high La concentrations is assured. The crystallite size is estimated to be in the nanoscale range of 13.16–18.13 nm using the Debye–Scherrer formula. The appearance of characteristic vibrational bands near 460 cm−1 and 563 cm−1, which correspond to the octahedral and tetrahedral sites, respectively, confirms the formation of the spinel structure. SEM micrographs show that the grains are nearly irregular in shape, and the accumulation of La+3 ions at the grain boundaries exerts tensile strength and pressure on the grain itself, reducing the grain size. The particle size estimated by TEM coincides well with the crystallite size determined by XRD. The thermogravimetric analysis, (TGA), was used to investigate the thermal properties of the nanoferrites from room temperature to 1000 °C. In comparison to the other samples, the sample with x = 0.04 has greater thermal stability and the TEM measurement indicates that this sample has the smallest particle size. Therefore, we can assert that the thermal stability improves as the particle size decreases. The magnetic permeability was measured in the temperature range 303–773 K at a fixed frequency of 10 kHz and at various La contents. The sample with x = 0.04 has a minimal permeability value, showing that the separation brought on by La ions has diminished the super exchange contact between magnetic ions.
Classifier calibration: a survey on how to assess and improve predicted class probabilities
Authors: Silva Filho Telmo , Song Hao , Perello-Nieto Miquel , Santos-Rodriguez Raul , Kull Meelis , Flach Peter
Published: May 2023

This paper provides both an introduction to and a detailed overview of the principles and practice of classifier calibration. A well-calibrated classifier correctly quantifies the level of uncertainty or confidence associated with its instance-wise predictions. This is essential for critical applications, optimal decision making, cost-sensitive classification, and for some types of context change. Calibration research has a rich history which predates the birth of machine learning as an academic field by decades. However, a recent increase in the interest on calibration has led to new methods and the extension from binary to the multiclass setting. The space of options and issues to consider is large, and navigating it requires the right set of concepts and tools. We provide both introductory material and up-to-date technical details of the main concepts and methods, including proper scoring rules and other evaluation metrics, visualisation approaches, a comprehensive account of post-hoc calibration methods for binary and multiclass classification, and several advanced topics.
An effective text plagiarism detection system based on feature selection and SVM techniques
Authors: El-Rashidy Mohamed A. , Mohamed Ramy G. , El-Fishawy Nawal A. , Shouman Marwa A.
Published: May 2023

Text plagiarism has greatly spread in the recent years, it becomes a common problem in several fields such as research manuscripts, textbooks, patents, academic circles, etc. There are many sentence similarity features were used to detect plagiarism, but each of them is not discriminative to differentiate the similarity cases. This causes the discovery of lexical, syntactic and semantic text plagiarism types to be a challenging problem. Therefore, a new plagiarism detection system is proposed to extract the most effective sentence similarity features and construct hyperplane equation of the selected features to distinguish the similarity cases with the highest accuracy. It consists of three phases; the first phase is used to preprocess the documents. The second phase is depended on two paths, the first path is based on traditional paragraph level comparison, and the second path is based on the computed hyperplane equation using Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Chi-square techniques. The third phase is used to extract the best plagiarized segment. The proposed system is evaluated on several benchmark datasets. The experimental results showed that the proposed system obtained a significant superiority in the performance compared to the systems with a higher ranking in the recent years. The proposed system achieved the best values 89.12% and 92.91% of the Plagdet scores, 89.34% and 92.95% of the F-measure scores on the complete test corpus of PAN 2013 and PAN 2014 datasets, respectively.
Volumetric hippocampal changes in glioblastoma: a biomarker for neuroplasticity?
Authors: Zilioli Alessandro , Misirocchi Francesco , Mutti Carlotta , Pancaldi Beatrice , Mannini Elisa , Spallazzi Marco , Parrino Liborio , Cerasti Davide , Michiara Maria , Florindo Irene
Published: May 2023

Purpose

The pleiotropic effect of gliomas on the development of cognitive disorders and structural brain changes has garnered increasing interest in recent years. While it is widely accepted that multimodal therapies for brain cancer can foster cognitive impairment, the direct effect of gliomas on critical cognitive areas before anti-tumor therapies is still controversial. In this study, we focused on the effect of IDH1 wild-type glioblastoma on the human hippocampus volume.

Methods

We carried out a case-control study using voxel-based morphometry assessment, analyzed with the Computational Anatomy Toolbox software. Glioblastoma diagnosis was performed according to the latest 2021 WHO classification. Due to stringent inclusion criteria, 15 patients affected by IDH1 wild type glioblastoma were included and compared to 19 age-matched controls.

Results

We observed a statistically significant increase in the absolute mean hippocampal volume (p = 0.017), as well as in the ipsilateral (compared to the lesion, p = 0.027) and the contralateral hippocampal volumes (p = 0.014) in the group of patients. When the data were normalized per total intracranial volume, we confirmed a statistically significant increase only in the contralateral hippocampal volume (p = 0.042).

Conclusions

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to explore hippocampal volumetric changes in a cohort of adult patients affected by IDH1 wild-type glioblastoma, according to the latest WHO classification. We demonstrated an adaptive volumetric response of the hippocampus, which was more pronounced on the side contralateral to the lesion, suggesting substantial integrity and resilience of the medial temporal structures before the initiation of multimodal treatments.
Splitting of the Effective Rabi Frequencies for the Coherent Plasmonic Fields in the Semiconductor Quantum Dot–Metal Nanospheres Hybrids
Authors: Abd-Elnabi Somia , Ali Hagar M.
Published: May 2023

Splitting of the effective Rabi frequencies for plasmonic fields when the interaction occurs between semiconductor quantum dot and three metallic nanospheres in the presence of three electromagnetic fields is examined. We study theoretically the role of the dipole–dipole interactions in creating many Multipoles. Then, we split the effective Rabi frequencies into three parts according to the quantitative Multipoles of the plasmonic fields. The density matrix equations are derived for the description of the optical properties of the SQD-MNPs nanosystem. We investigate the influence of each part of the effective Rabi frequencies and compare them with each other individually. The three parts of the effective Rabi frequency for the probe field are affected by changing the angles, the strong probe field and other parameters for the hybrid system.
The Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Cold-Sprayed Cermet Coatings—Al Alloy Substrate Systems
Authors: Trelka Anna , Góral Anna , Żórawski Wojciech , Gancarz Tomasz , Petrzak Paweł
Published: May 2023

The article describes the influence of a solid lubricant such as graphite on the coating-substrate adhesion, susceptibility to cracking during three-point bending tests and tribological properties of the cermet coating-substrate systems. Two types of deposits Cr3C2-25(Ni20Cr) and (Cr3C2-25(Ni20Cr))-5(Ni25C), cold-sprayed on the Al 7075 alloy substrate, were analyzed. The Cr3C2-25(Ni20Cr) coatings showed a homogeneous microstructure with evenly distributed ceramic particles in a Ni20Cr matrix. The (Cr3C2-25(Ni20Cr))-5(Ni25C) deposits also contained graphite placed both between metallic particles and near the crushed ceramic Cr3C2 particles. The force required for the crack that appeared in the coating-substrate system during the three-point bending test under constant velocity was significantly higher in the case of (Cr3C2-25(Ni20Cr))-5(Ni25C) deposit than in that without the solid lubricant. The cracks were observed perpendicular to the coating-substrate interface. The graphite embedded in the cermet coating structure prevented the formation of crack nuclei during three-point bending test under cyclic load at room temperature and reduced the size of cracks in the deposit at 200 °C. Both cermet coatings revealed the same adhesion. The addition of graphite not only did not deteriorate the adhesion of the deposits and thus their quality but also improved their other properties, such as flexural strength and wear resistance. Coatings containing the solid lubricant showed a lower wear index than the Cr3C2-25(Ni20Cr) deposits examined at both room and elevated temperatures. This recommends their use in industry as deposit working in heavy wear conditions. The presented results of mechanical tests effectively fill the gap regarding the properties of the cold-sprayed cermet coatings.
Fatal gastric volvulus: forensic pathology considerations and postmortem CT findings
Authors: Littlewood Marcus , O’Donnell Chris , Parsons Sarah , Archer Melanie S. , de Boer Hans H.
Published: May 2023

Gastric volvulus is a rare cause of gastric obstruction, due to the rotation of the stomach by more than 180°. It is a rare but life-threatening medical emergency that is considered difficult to diagnose at the initial clinical presentation. Forensic pathologists may be presented with gastric volvulus in several ways, for instance, as a cause of sudden and unexpected death or in the context of suspected clinical errors. The post-mortem examination of gastric volvulus may be challenging, due to the specific technical issues it presents and the various mechanisms by which volvulus may cause death. We therefore present five cases of gastric volvulus that in combination represent almost the entire spectrum of presentations and post-mortem findings, to discuss how gastric volvulus may come to the attention of a forensic pathologist, the approach and findings at post-mortem examination (including post-mortem CT), and the variety of mechanisms by which gastric volvulus may result in death.
Parental exhaustion during COVID-19 pandemic: links to relationship outcomes and dyadic coping
Authors: Carvalho Matilde , Matias Marisa
Published: May 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown altered families? routines, from telework imposition to performing additional childcare, as children started studying at home. Adapting to these demands can have effects on couples’ relationships. This study aimed to analyze couples? experiences of parental exhaustion during the lockdown and to understand its links to relationship satisfaction and conflict frequency. It also explored how couples’ internal resources (e.g., dyadic coping) buffered these effects. We examined data from 210 individuals in a romantic relationship who were cohabiting with their partners, teleworking, and had children under 18. Absolute values of parental exhaustion and relationship quality were not severe, but there was evidence that parental exhaustion contributed to decreasing relationship satisfaction and increasing conflict. Positive forms of dyadic coping were found to moderate only the adverse effects on conflict frequency. Implications of these results to couple’s support under stressful events are provided.
Improving Detection of Changepoints in Short and Noisy Time Series with Local Correlations: Connecting the Events in Pixel Neighbourhoods
Authors: Rajala Tuomas , Packalen Petteri , Myllymäki Mari , Kangas Annika
Published: May 2023

Detecting changepoints in time series becomes difficult when the series are short and the observation variance is high. In the context of time series of environmental resource maps, it is often safe to assume that the abrupt events are spatially continuous, and so are the changepoints. We propose to utilise this assumption by means of hierarchical models where the changepoints are modelled using a spatial model. We demonstrate utility of the approach by constructing a Bayesian model based on the Potts model, with additional assumptions relevant to changepoint detection in national multi-source forest inventory maps. We discuss implementation issues and demonstrate the idea’s performance using a simulation study. We then apply the model to forest resource maps in order to detect felling events.
Nonsingular fixed-time sliding mode control for synchronization of chaotic reaction systems; a case study of Willamowski–Rossler reaction model
Authors: Soltani Sharif Abadi Ali , Hosseinabadi Pooyan Alinaghi , Dehkordi Pouya Heidarpoor
Published: May 2023

Nonsingular Fixed-time Sliding Mode Control (NFSMC) method is one of the nonlinear control methods which is robust against uncertainties and external disturbances. This paper presents an NFSMC method to synchronize two similar Willamowski–Rossler reaction chaotic systems. The proposed control method is robust against uncertainties and external disturbances; also, it is an accurate and fast control method. The proposed control method is compared with a Nonsingular Terminal Sliding Mode Control. The comparison results show that the proposed control method provides a better control solution for this system.
Handwritten Arabic Character Recognition for Children Writing Using Convolutional Neural Network and Stroke Identification
Authors: Alheraki Mais , Al-Matham Rawan , Al-Khalifa Hend
Published: May 2023

Automatic Arabic handwritten recognition is one of the recently studied problems in the field of Machine Learning. Unlike Latin languages, Arabic is a Semitic language that forms a harder challenge, especially with the variability of patterns caused by factors such as the writer’s age. Most studies have focused on adults, with only one recent study on children. Moreover, many recent machine-learning methods have focused on using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), a powerful class of neural networks that can extract complex features from images. In this paper, we propose a convolutional neural network (CNN) model that recognizes children’s handwriting with an accuracy of 91% on the Hijja dataset, a recent dataset built by collecting images of Arabic characters written by children, and 97% on the Arabic Handwritten Character Dataset. The results showed a good improvement over the proposed model from the Hijja dataset authors, yet it revealed a bigger challenge to solve for children’s Arabic handwritten character recognition. Moreover, we proposed a new approach using multiple models instead of a single model based on the number of strokes in a character and merged Hijja with AHCD, which achieved an average prediction accuracy of 96%.
Joint mediation of psychological empowerment and work–life balance between transformational leadership and in-role performance of accounting personnel: 360-degree feedback
Authors: Ugwoke Ernest O. , Edeh Nathaniel Ifeanyi , Nwokike Felicia Ogonnia , Ugwunwoti Emeka Promise , Emmanuel Wama Binga , Idris Benuh Adama , Odey Clement , Samson Joshua , Nnamani Victoria Obiageli , Yaro Joseph Tunga , Eya Gloria Mgboyibo , Arua Gold Chiamaka , Guma Elisha Terkuma , Kingsley Joseph Bonglo
Published: May 2023

The study determined whether psychological empowerment and work–life balance jointly mediate between transformational leadership and in-role performance of employees in Nigerian not-for-profit (NFP) universities using data collected through a 360-degree performance review of employees. Data were collected from the employees, their supervisors, colleagues, and customers. A sample of 360 comprising 36 faculty finance officers (the employees), 36 assistant faculty finance officers (colleagues), 36 deans of faculties (supervisors), 36 finance supervisors (supervisors), 108 undergraduate and 108 postgraduate students (customers) from Nigerian universities were surveyed using Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire, employees' in-role performance questionnaire, four dimensions of psychological empowerment questionnaire, and work–life balance questionnaire. The reliabilities of the questionnaires were estimated using Cronbach's α technique. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics and correlations at the preliminary level, while three separate Hierarchical Multiple Regression and 5000 re-samples BC bootstrapping method on PROCESS macro were used to test the hypotheses to determine the total, direct, and indirect effects of the study variables. The study established that psychological empowerment and work–life balance jointly and significantly mediated the high relationship between transformational leadership and the in-role performance of the faculty finance officers. The implications for researchers and organizational practitioners, limitations, and suggestions for future research were discussed.
Hammer or Measuring Tape? Artificial Intelligence and Justice in Healthcare
Authors: Heinrichs Jan-Hendrik
Published: May 2023

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a powerful tool for several healthcare tasks. AI tools are suited to optimize predictive models in medicine. Ethical debates about AI’s extension of the predictive power of medical models suggest a need to adapt core principles of medical ethics. This article demonstrates that a popular interpretation of the principle of justice in healthcare needs amendment given the effect of AI on decision-making. The procedural approach to justice, exemplified with Norman Daniels and James Sabin’s accountability for reasonableness conception, needs amendment because, as research into algorithmic fairness shows, it is insufficiently sensitive to differential effects of seemingly just principles on different groups of people. The same line of research generates methods to quantify differential effects and make them amenable for correction. Thus, what is needed to improve the principle of justice is a combination of procedures for selecting just criteria and principles and the use of algorithmic tools to measure the real impact these criteria and principles have. In this article, the author shows that algorithmic tools do not merely raise issues of justice but can also be used in their mitigation by informing us about the real effects certain distributional principles and criteria would create.