bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparation of carbosilane quaternary ammonium surfactants and surface activity
Authors: Liu Xue-Li , Chen Yi-Fan , Chen Yi-Wen , Peng Wei-Kang , Liu Han-Chun
Published: June 2022

A new series of carbosilane quaternary ammonium surfactants with different hydrophobic carbosilane structures (triethylsilyl, triisopropylsilyl, trihexylsilyl, triphenylsilyl) and tail groups (C12, C16, C18) have been synthesized and the structures of the organosilicon carbosilane quaternary ammonium surfactants were determined by means of FTIR, NMR and elemental analysis. The properties of aqueous solutions were determined by electrical conductivity measurements and with the method of maximum bubble formation. Members of this series reduced the surface tension of water to approximately 30.5 mN/m at concentration levels of 0.14 mmol/L.
Compounding Optimization of SBS-SBR High-Viscosity Modifier and Rejuvenation of Aged SBS-SBR Modified Asphalt
Authors: Zhu Yajing , Xu Guangji , Ma Tao , Fan Jianwei
Published: June 2022

In this paper, the modification effects of the styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) high-viscosity modifier (HVM) with different monomer compositions and the HVMs with different styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer (SBS)-SBR compound ratios were explored. On this basis, the rejuvenation effects of representative rejuvenator components on slightly and severely aged high-viscosity asphalt (HVA) were studied through molecular dynamics simulations. The results show that when the proportion of 1,4-polybutadiene in the SBR molecule remains unchanged, increasing the proportion of cis-1,4-polybutadiene is slightly disadvantageous to its compatibility with the matrix asphalt, while the mechanical properties of the prepared HVA are less affected. Increasing the content of 1,2-polybutadiene and polystyrene monomer in the SBR molecule is not conducive to its compatibility with the matrix asphalt, but it increases the mechanical properties of the prepared HVA. When the compound ratio is between 4 % SBS + 8 % SBR and 8 % SBS + 4 % SBR, both the diffusion state of the modifier in the matrix asphalt and the compatibility of the compound HVM with the matrix asphalt are the best, and it is most conducive to the cross-linked structure formation between the HVM and matrix asphalt. Among the representative rejuvenator molecules, p-xylene has the strongest interaction with aged HVA and it has the strongest permeability in aged HVA. Nonanal is most conducive to improve the self-aggregation of asphaltenes in aged HVA. During the miscibility stage, n-hexane molecules are more likely to appear around the aged HVA molecules, which is beneficial to the rejuvenator to repair and improve the performance of the aged HVA and form a stable structure. The research results provide references for the monomer optimization of SBR HVM, the determination of the optimal compound ratio of SBS-SBR modifier, and the rejuvenation of HVA.
A Smart Real-Time Monitoring Method of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests Based on Optical Fiber Sensor
Authors: Tang Yana , Zhang Shilong
Published: June 2022

In order to solve the problems of traditional recognition and monitoring methods, such as low recognition accuracy and long monitoring process, in this paper, a real-time monitoring method of vegetable diseases and pests based on optical fiber sensor is proposed. Firstly, according to the optical fiber sensor imaging technology, the crop image to be detected is obtained, and the preprocessing steps such as feature extraction are carried out at the same time to obtain three single classifiers composed of image color characteristics, texture macro description, and detail expression; secondly, the parallel pattern is used to fuse the three classifiers, and then a crop pest recognition method combined with multiple classifiers is proposed according to the K-nearest neighbor method; finally, based on the recognition results, the video monitoring dynamics of pests is constructed. In the construction process, the open design is implemented combined with the optical fiber sensor, and the corresponding pest data table is constructed according to the required data to realize the real-time monitoring of vegetable pests and diseases. The simulation results show that this method can effectively solve the problems faced by traditional methods in the experiment and has higher advantages compared with other methods in the calculation process.
MEG Activity in Visual and Auditory Cortices Represents Acoustic Speech-Related Information during Silent Lip Reading
Authors: Bröhl Felix , Keitel Anne , Kayser Christoph
Published: June 2022

Speech is an intrinsically multisensory signal, and seeing the speaker’s lips forms a cornerstone of communication in acoustically impoverished environments. Still, it remains unclear how the brain exploits visual speech for comprehension. Previous work debated whether lip signals are mainly processed along the auditory pathways or whether the visual system directly implements speech-related processes. To probe this, we systematically characterized dynamic representations of multiple acoustic and visual speech-derived features in source localized MEG recordings that were obtained while participants listened to speech or viewed silent speech. Using a mutual-information framework we provide a comprehensive assessment of how well temporal and occipital cortices reflect the physically presented signals and unique aspects of acoustic features that were physically absent but may be critical for comprehension. Our results demonstrate that both cortices feature a functionally specific form of multisensory restoration: during lip reading, they reflect unheard acoustic features, independent of co-existing representations of the visible lip movements. This restoration emphasizes the unheard pitch signature in occipital cortex and the speech envelope in temporal cortex and is predictive of lip-reading performance. These findings suggest that when seeing the speaker’s lips, the brain engages both visual and auditory pathways to support comprehension by exploiting multisensory correspondences between lip movements and spectro-temporal acoustic cues.
What Do Participants Expect to Experience in the Rubber Hand Illusion? A Conceptual Replication of Lush (2020)
Authors: Reader Arran T.
Published: June 2022

The sense of body ownership (the feeling that the body belongs to the self) is commonly believed to arise through multisensory integration. This is famously shown in the rubber hand illusion (RHI), where touches applied synchronously to a fake hand and to the participant’s real hand (which is hidden from view) can induce a sensation of ownership over the fake one. Asynchronous touches weaken or abolish the illusion, and are typically used as a control condition. Subjective experience during the illusion is measured using a questionnaire, with some statements designed to capture illusory sensation and others designed as controls. However, recent work by Lush (2020, Collabra: Psychology) claimed that participants may have different expectations for questionnaire items in the synchronous condition compared to the asynchronous condition, and for the illusion-related items compared to the control items. This may mean that the classic RHI questionnaire is poorly controlled for demand characteristics. In the current work a conceptual replication of Lush (2020) was performed. Participants were presented with a video of the RHI procedure and reported the sensations they would expect to experience, both in free response and by rating questionnaire items. Participants had greater expectations for illusion statements in the synchronous condition compared to the asynchronous condition, and for illusion statements compared to control statements. However, free responses suggested that such expectations may be at least partially driven by exposure to the questionnaire items. Further work is necessary to understand whether similar expectations exist for the true RHI procedure, what might drive them, and whether they have an impact on reported RHI experience.
Pulmonary Embolism Caused by Tourniquets in the Lower Extremities Treated with ECMO – A Case Report
Authors: Liao Xiaozu , Guo Miaoyun , Wen Junlin , Huang Weizhao , Ye Hongyu , Li Binfei
Published: June 2022

Background: Using tourniquets in the lower extremities can increase the incidence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Acute large-area pulmonary embolism (APE) occurs in severe cases, and it is fatal to most patients. Acute large-area pulmonary embolism causes haemodynamic instability, right heart failure, and circulatory failure.
Case presentation: A 47-year-old female patient was subjected to spinal anaesthesia for a comminuted fracture of the tibia and fibula of the left lower limb. After the tourniquet was released during the operation, she had sudden hypotension and lost consciousness. Thus, ECMO was used to support patient circulation. With ECMO-assisted CT examination, she was diagnosed to have a pulmonary embolism. On the next day, she was subjected to a bilateral pulmonary embolism and embolectomy. Lastly, she was transferred to the general ward and discharged smoothly.
Conclusions: Patients undergoing fracture surgery should be wary of APE caused by the loss of DVT after the release of tourniquets. ECMO, as a rapid and effective temporary life support intervention, provides effective cardiopulmonary support and new treatment plans. It also saves time for further treatment of patients with high-risk APE.
What’s Wrong with Being Global: Perception of Healthiness of Global Food Products
Authors: Neciunskas Paulius
Published: June 2022

This research demonstrates that global food products suffer from healthiness bias – a tendency to favor local food products and evaluate them as healthier than equivalent global or foreign food products. The paper extends previous research findings and provides empirical evidence that the perception of the product’s healthiness is a driver of this phenomenon. Results of three between-subject experimental research design studies indicate that global (versus local and foreign) food products are associated with lower perception of healthiness. In turn, such evaluations impact consumers’ buying intentions. Moreover, bias is more pronounced for consumers who perceive themselves as vulnerable to diseases and, conversely, disappears for those who are not vulnerable to diseases. The paper discusses the theoretical and managerial implications of these findings and points toward future research directions.
The Relationship Between White Ocean Strategy, Customer Value, and Customer Engagement
Authors: Hartini Sri , Kurniawati Masmira , Sulistiawan Jovi , Ihwanudin Muhammad
Published: June 2022

White Ocean Strategy (WOS) has a positive impact on the company. However, many companies have not implemented this strategy. There is a research gap between customer value and customer engagement (CE). This research explains that customer value is an antecedent of CE. However, some studies discuss that customer value is a consequence of CE. This study aims to explain the relationship of WOS, customer value, and CE. This research is quantitative explanatory research and used accidental sampling to obtain the samples. The survey was conducted online with Google Forms distributed on social media and obtained 220 respondents who are users of the Surabaya bus services. The hypotheses were tested using the SEM-PLS. Seven hypotheses were accepted, while other two were rejected. It was found that WOS increases CE, customer green value, functional value, and emotional value. Nevertheless, it does not significantly affect customer social value. The customers’ green, functional, and emotional values impact CE, while social customer values do not affect CE. The contribution of this study is to clarify the research gap of the relationship between customer value and CE. This study supports previous research that discusses customer value as an antecedent variable for CE.
Topinambur (Helianthus tuberosus) and yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius): nutraceutical crops?
Authors: Gabriela Di Barbaro , Eleodoro Del Valle , Weht Celia Brandan de
Published: June 2022

This review is about two crops, topinambur (Helianthus tuberosus L.) and yacón [Smallanthus sonchifolius (Poeppig & Endlicher) H. Robinson], which due to their properties should be considered as nutraceutical foods. The common characteristics they present are discussed, such as belonging to the same botanical family (Asteraceae), being ancestral crops produced for their different uses (horticultural, forage and industrial), and for generating tubers that store carbohydrates such as inulin and fructooligosaccharides (FOS). In addition, these compounds are considered to have beneficial effects on nutrition and human health, which would allow them to be defined as nutraceutical foods. Therefore, the objective of this review is to contribute to the dissemination of knowledge about the characteristics of topinambur (Helianthus tuberosus) and yacón (Smallanthus sonchifolius) crops, in order to improve their production, consumption and use.
Marching algorithm to calculate supersonic flow past a tilting-nose rocket
Authors:   Institute of Technical Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the State Space Agency of Ukraine, Halynskyi V. P.
Published: June 2022

This paper presents a marching algorithm for the calculation of supersonic flow past a tilting-nose rocket. A feature of the algorithm is that the marching direction of supersonic flow calculation for the nose does not coincide with that for the main part of the rocket surface. Because of this, at first flow past the nose is calculated in a cylindrical coordinate system, the flow field parameters being stored at marching cross-sections. The start and the end of the parameter storage interval in the flow field are determined from the condition of the intersection of the bow shock wave with a plane in which an initial flow field is to be specified for the calculation of flow past the main part of the rocket surface. The flow field is interpolated in two stages, First, in the cylindrical coordinate system bound to the main part of the rocket surface in the initial data plane, the radial coordinates of the bow shock wave are determined at meridional sections. From the radial coordinates of points on the rocket surface and the bow shock wave, new computational grid node coordinates are determined at meridional sections in the cylindrical coordinate system of the main part. Using the new computational grid coordinates specified in the cylindrical coordinate system of the main part, old coordinates specified in the cylindrical coordinate system of the nose are determined with the use of expressions that relate the two coordinate systems to each other. The flow parameters at a point with the calculated coordinates are calculated using linear interpolation of the stored flow field parameters in the cylindrical coordinate system bound to the nose. The calculated flow field is used as initial data for the marching calculation of the main part of the rocket, The paper presents the results of calculation of the aerodynamic characteristics of a tilting-nose rocket in a supersonic flow at different values of the nose angle. The proposed algorithm may be used in a prompt calculation of the aerodynamic characteristics of rockets with tilting elements. In doing so, use may be made of a standard program of rocket flow calculation with an added block for the storage and interpolation of the flow field in a tilted cylindrical coordinate system with a shifted origin, which allows the marching direction to be changed.
Construction of a multiplicative-additive criteria convolution in the space of quantitative and qualitative indices to determine the priority of projects
Authors:   Institute of Technical Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the State Space Agency of Ukraine, Mamchuk V. M.
Published: June 2022

One of the main problems in scientific activity organization on a competitive basis is to improve methods of R&D project evaluation and priority determination. The project priority level may be determined using approaches based on the multi-attribute utility theory (MAUT), whose development is the subject matter of many studies and publications. Despite of the large number of publications on the subject, the development of a scientifically substantiated mathematical apparatus for multicriteria project evaluation is still a topical and challenging problem. The complexity of the development of project priority determination methods is due to difficulties in the construction of a unified rating scale that would allow one to measure the value of project indices differing in physical content and dimension. That is, what is difficult is the structurization of a decision-making person (DMP)’s preferences and the formalization of preference evaluation. It is also difficult to construct a criterion-target model that would adequately represent the system of DMP preferences in the form of a scalar value function, which is termed a criteria convolution, an integral criterion, or an integral value function (IVF). MAUT-based computational algorithms widely use procedures of common criteria scaling, in which one quality index is replaced with another. Such algorithms have a resolution equal to one; however, they operate with quantitative criteria alone, thus significantly narrowing their application area. Another drawback of theirs is the lack of simple methods to determine the value function at indifference (DMP preference equality) points. The aim of this work is to eliminate these drawbacks in a multiplicative-additive IVF model. To do this, the following was done. Functional relationships between DMP preferences and alternative quality indices were established to give analytical expressions for evaluating local value functions at indifference points. A method was developed for constructing a multiplicative-additive criteria convolution to evaluate and rank alternatives in the space of quantitative and qualitative indices. An algorithm was developed to determine the priority of projects; the algorithm allows one to rank alternatives with a resolution equal to one. In this work, decision theory, multicriteria utility theory, and verbal decision analysis methods were used. The results obtained may be used in R&D efficiency evaluation, competitive project selection, and space program formation in the rocket space industry.
Prediksi Potensi Koleksi Kebun Raya Purwodadi Sebagai Anti-Coronavirus: Sebuah Kajian Literatur
Authors: Renjana Elga , Firdiana Elok Rifqi , Ningrum Linda Wige , Angio Melisnawati H. , Rizal Syaiful
Published: June 2022

AbstrakSARS-CoV-2 dikenal sebagai agen penyebab COVID-19. Penyakit ini pertama kali muncul di Cina yang dalam beberapa bulan telah menyebar secara masif ke 198 negara lain termasuk Indonesia, dan menyebabkan pandemik global. Sekalipun vaksin telah ditemukan namun laju mutasi virus yang sangat cepat menjadikannya kurang efektif. Beberapa dekade terakhir, para ilmuwan telah mengidentifikasi senyawa-senyawa tumbuhan yang mempunyai potensi sebagai aktivitas anti-coronavirus. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji senyawa aktif yang dapat menghambat aktivitas coronavirus dan menentukan koleksi tumbuhan Kebun Raya Purwodadi yang mengandung senyawa tersebut. Penelitian dilakukan melalui review dan kompilasi berbagai literatur terkait. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa KR Purwodadi memiliki 49 jenis, 38 marga, dan 24 suku koleksi tumbuhan yang diprediksi mengandung 12 jenis senyawa anti-coronavirus, yaitu amentoflavone, beta-sitosterol, betulinic acid, curcumin, emodin, epigallocatechin gallate, eucalyptol, hinokinin, kaempferol, luteolin, myricetin, dan quercetin. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa tumbuhan memiliki potensi dalam menyediakan bahan obat alami terhadap penyakit di dunia, sehingga kelestariannya perlu untuk terus dijaga. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi acuan penelitian selanjutnya dalam mencari tumbuhan yang paling berpotensi sebagai anti-coronavirus.Abstract SARS-COV-2 is known as the causing agent of COVID-19. It first appeared in China and in just a few months it spread massively to 198 other countries including Indonesia and caused a global pandemic. Even though the vaccine has been found, the rapid mutation rate of the virus makes it less effective. In the last few decades, scientists have identified the plant compounds as having potential as anti-coronavirus. The purpose of this study was to examine active compounds having the activity of coronavirus inhibition and to determine the living collections of Purwodadi Botanic Garden containing those compounds. The study was conducted through a review and compilation of various related literature. The results showed that Purwodadi BG had 49 species, 38 genera, and 24 families of living collections predicted to contain 12 types of anti-coronavirus compounds, namely amentoflavone, beta-sitosterol, betulinic acid, curcumin, emodin, epigallocatechin gallate, eucalyptol, hinokinin, kaempferol, luteolin, myricetin, and quercetin. It shows that plants are potential to provide natural medicinal ingredients against diseases in the world so their sustainability needs to be maintained. The results of this study are expected to be a reference for further research in finding most potential plants as anti-coronavirus.
Kajian Etnobotani Tumbuhan Obat Oleh Masyarakat Lokal Etnis Batak Mandailing di Desa Tanjung Julu, Kabupaten Mandailing Natal, Sumatra Utara
Authors: Silalahi Marina , Nisyawati Nisyawati , Wahyuningtyas Riska Septi
Published: June 2022

Masyarakat lokal etnis Batak di Sumatra Utara masih menggunakan tumbuhan dalam pengobatan tradisional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis tumbuhan yang dimanfaatkan dan manfaat tumbuhan obat oleh masyarakat etnis Batak Mandailing di Desa Tanjung Julu Kecamatan Mandailing Natal. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan etnobotani. Sebanyak 32 responden umum dan 8 informan kunci diwawancarai dengan wawancara bebas dan semi terstruktur. Data dianalisis secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif dengan menghitung nilai tanaman obat. Masyarakat di Desa Tanjung Julu menggunakan 163 jenis dengan 128 marga dan 56 famili untuk mengobati 23 macam penyakit. Zingiberaceae, Rutaceae, Asteraceae, dan Arecaceae adalah famili yang paling banyak jumlahnya. Sebagian besar tumbuhan digunakan untuk mengatasi penyakit gaib (gangguan setan 47 jenis) dan penyakit alam (demam sebanyak 59 jenis dan sakit perut sebanyak 43 jenis). Pemanfaatan bunga jopan (Clibadium surinamense) dan sirampas para (Mikania cordata) perlu dikaji lebih lanjut karena tanaman ini masih sangat mudah ditemukan di lingkungan sekitarnya sehingga dapat dikembangkan sebagai alternatif obat sakit perut.Abstract The local Batak ethnic community in North Sumatra still uses plants in traditional medicine. This study aims to determine the types of plants used and the benefits of medicinal plants by the Mandailing Batak ethnic community in Tanjung Julu Village, Mandailing Natal District. The research was conducted with the ethnobotany approach. A total of 32 general respondents and eight key informants were interviewed with free and semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by calculating the value of medicinal plants. Communities in Tanjung Julu Village used 163 type with 128 genera and 56 families to treat 23 types of diseases. Zingiberaceae, Rutaceae, Asteraceae, and Arecaceae are the most numerous families. Most of the plants are used to overcome supernatural diseases (47 species of devil disorders) and natural diseases (fever as many as 59 species and stomach pain as many as 43 species). The utilization of bunga jopan (Clibadium surinamense) and sirampas para (Mikania cordata) needs to be studied further because they are attainable around the environment to be developed as an alternative stomach ache medicine.
Impact of Early Oral Antibiotic Therapy in Infants With Bacteremic Urinary Tract Infections
Authors: Olson Jared , Franz-O’Neal Erika , Cipriano Frank A , Ou Zhining , Presson Angela P , Thorell Emily A.
Published: June 2022

OBJECTIVES

To determine the effect of early conversion to oral antibiotics in infants ≤90 days with gram-negative bacteremia and concomitant urinary tract infection on hospital length of stay (LOS) and 30-day revisits for urinary tract infection.

DESIGN

This retrospective cohort study included infants ≤ 90 days who had concomitant positive blood and urine cultures with gram-negative bacteremia at 22 hospitals from January 1, 2002 through January 31, 2020. Early oral conversion was defined as a maximum intravenous (IV) duration of 4 days. We conducted a noninferiority test to compare early oral conversion to long IV therapy. A propensity score framework was used to assess comparisons in survey-weighted regression models using matched weights.

RESULTS

Among 174 infants, 73 infants received early oral conversion. The LOS was shorter in infants receiving early oral conversion compared to long IV therapy (median 2 days [interquartile range 2, 3] vs 4 days [3, 5]), descriptively (P < .001) and in noninferiority analysis (ratio = 0.43; 90% CI 0.35, 0.53, P < .001). Thirty-day revisits occurred in 5 of 174 (2.8%) of total patients. Early oral conversion did not meet our noninferiority criteria for the 30-day revisits (odds ratio: 4.22, 90%; confidence interval: 0.83, 21.34, P = .91).

CONCLUSIONS

Early oral conversion was associated with shorter LOS. The rate of 30-day revisit rates overall was low.
“Eu adoro é esse cacto aqui”
Authors: Medeiros Amanda Silva de , Chiari Aparecida Santana de Souza
Published: June 2022

Este artigo é o recorte de uma pesquisa de mestrado, finalizada em 2018, que teve como objetivo analisar externalizações de atitudes em relação à matemática de alunos do 1º ano do ensino fundamental. A pesquisa foi realizada com 22 alunos, com idades entre 6 e 7 anos, de uma escola particular do município de Miranda (MS). Tais externalizações surgiram de vídeos feitos pelos próprios alunos e este artigo discute um dos episódios gerados por essas produções imagéticas. A análise é feita a partir dos pressupostos do Estudo das Atitudes, infância como experiência, multiplicidade e produções com nativos digitais. A partir da(s) matemática(s) produzidas pelos alunos, são problematizados o processo de desformar e a constante teorematização da(s) matemática(s) problematizadoras praticadas na infância. A partir disso, conclui-se que a matemática, única e formadora, acaba por impor atitudes nossas que silenciam as matemáticas desformativas produzidas pelos estudantes, implicando em atitudes cada vez mais iguais da parte deles em relação à disciplina. Espera-se que este estudo dispare novas questões sobre modos de pesquisar na infância, constituições matemática(s) e tecnologias digitais.
A perseguição aos brasileiros exilados no Chile após o golpe civil-militar de 11 de setembro de 1973
Authors: Dias Cristiane Medianeira Ávila
Published: June 2022

Na fase imediatamente posterior ao golpe civil-militar de 11 de setembro de 1973, as práticas de violência ilegais – como a tortura e o fuzilamento – empregadas por órgãos de segurança chilenos, atingiram a comunidade de brasileiros exilados no Chile. A ditadura de Segurança Nacional (SN) brasileira, ao invés de oferecer apoio a esses exilados, colaborou com as ações da Junta Militar chilena, encaminhando uma equipe de agentes para aquele país com dois objetivos principais: interrogar brasileiros presos em centros de detenção locais e ministrar cursos de especialização em táticas “eficientes” de tortura a militares e policiais chilenos. Estabeleceu-se assim uma rede de transmissão de know-how de práticas repressivas da ditadura brasileira à chilena que, posteriormente, irá estender-se aos países do Uruguai, Argentina e Paraguai, com a formação da Operação Condor, no ano de 1975. O objetivo das ditaduras de SN do Cone Sul com esse compartilhamento de informações e métodos ilícitos de violência estatal era atingir seus opositores políticos onde eles se encontrassem, em território nacional ou no exterior.
Costa Rica sin Fronteras #25
Authors: Rojas-Valverde Daniel , Jiménez Díaz Judith , Salazar Rojas Walter , Varela Briceño Melissa
Published: June 2022

En esta sección se publican los resúmenes en español de artículos que han sido publicados por investigadoras/es de universidades costarricenses en otras revistas en el mundo, con su debida referencia al trabajo original, y con una breve explicación de dónde se realizó la investigación.
Orang-Orang Cina dan Perkembangan Islam di Palembang 1803-2000
Authors: Nor Huda Ali  , Yanto
Published: June 2022

Chu Yu-chien adalah pewaris terakhir tahta Dinasti Ming. Sebagai seorang pangeran Ming, Chu merupakan keturunan langsung dari kaisar Dinasti Ming yang pertama, Hung-Wu yang memerintah sejak kejatuhan ibukota Peking. Ming suku bangsa asli di Negeri Cina terakhir yang memerintah kedinastian selama hampir tiga abad antara kejatuhan dinasti Yuan-Mongol dan kenaikan QingManchu. Mereka mempunyai anak, cucu, dan keturunan sampai pada keturunan mereka yang bernama Zhu Cing. Karena Zhu Cing kaya raya, maka dia pun dipanggil saudagar Yhu Cing. Rumah tinggalnya yang berada di dekat sebuah anak sungai yang dijadikan dermaga sungai itu pun disebut sungai Saudagar Yhu Cing dan selanjutnya berubah menjadi Kocing. Saudagar Yhu Cing ini kemudian memiliki anak bernama Jaya Laksana, yang merupakan tokoh penting dalam pembangunan masjid Agung Palembang di masa Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin I. Berbeda dengan kaum Cina Muslim atau pendatang terdahulu yang banyak membaur dengan penduduk setempat, maka para imigran Cina yang datang di masa kolonial Belanda, di mana Negeri Cina dikuasai Dinasti Qing yang memusuhi kaum muslim, dimasukkan sebagai kelas kedua bersama para pendatang lainnya. Setelah peristiwa 1965 -yang mana banyak etnis Cina dituduh terlibat dalam Partai Komunis Indonesia yang berbuntut pemulangan ribuan etnis Cina ke Negeri Cina- etnis Cina di Palembang mulai banyak memeluk agama Islam. Berbeda dengan Muslim Cina sebelumnya, Muslim Cina di masa kini banyak mengikuti mazhab Syafii, yang merupakan mazhab mayoritas kaum muslim di Indonesia, yang mulai berkembang di masa Kesultanan Demak yang dipindahkan ke Pajang.
On occupation time for on-off processes with multiple off-states
Authors: Hu Chaoran , Pozdnyakov Vladimir , Yan Jun
Published: June 2022

The need to model a Markov renewal on-off process with multiple off-states arise in many applications such as economics, physics, and engineering. Characterization of the occupation time of one specific off-state marginally or two off-states jointly is crucial to understand such processes. The exact marginal and joint distributions of the off-state occupation times are derived. The theoretical results are confirmed numerically in a simulation study. A special case when all holding times have Lévy distribution is considered for the possibility of simplification of the formulas.
A csípőtáji töréseket követő intézményi rehabilitációra utalás gyakorlata és a beutalást befolyásoló tényezők a hazai közfinanszírozási adatok alapján
Authors: Surján Cecília , Belicza Éva
Published: June 2022

Bevezetés: A csípőtáji törések az elöregedő társadalmakban
kihívást jelentenek az egészségügyi rendszerek számára. Az érintettek egészségi
állapotának, életminőségének alakulása nemcsak az akut, hanem a rehabilitációs
ellátás függvénye is. Kevés adat áll rendelkezésre a magyarországi csípőtáji
töréseket követő rehabilitációs ellátási gyakorlatról.
Célkitűzés: A csípőtáji törések akut ellátása utáni 30
napon belül fekvőbeteg-intézményi rehabilitációra történő felvételi arányok
vizsgálata és a felvételt befolyásoló tényezők azonosítása.
Módszer: 2005 és 2015 közötti esetszintű, a
társadalombiztosító finanszírozási adatbázisából származó betegforgalmi adatok
elemzése többváltozós logisztikus regressziós modell segítségével, valamint a
rehabilitációs arányok leíró statisztikai elemzése 2005 és 2015, illetve 2019.
január 1. és 2020. december 31. között. Eredmények: A
rehabilitációra utalás aránya erős növekedést mutat 2005 és 2015 között, további
növekedés tapasztalható 2019-ben a 2020-ban észlelt visszaesés előtt. A
logisztikus regressziós elemzés szignifikáns hatást mutat a beteg neme,
életkora, az ellátási gyakorlatot és hozzáférhetőséget vizsgáló változók esetén.
A beteg állapotára utaló változók közül erőteljes hatásuk az akut ellátás során
kialakult szövődményeknek van, de a vizsgált társbetegségek többsége is
szignifikáns hatású. Következtetés: A rehabilitációra utalási
arányok tendenciája kedvezően alakul; a befolyásoló tényezők hatásának irányában
nem figyelhető meg változás, a hatás erőssége azonban változik. A regressziós
modell erőssége alapján feltételezhető a vizsgált évek alatt konzisztensebbé
váló ellátási gyakorlat. Orv Hetil. 2022; 163(25): 990–1000.
Effect of charging protocol and carbon electrode selection in Na–O2 batteries
Authors: Kedzie Elyse A. , Nichols Jessica E. , McCloskey Bryan D.
Published: June 2022

Nonaqueous sodium- and lithium-oxygen batteries are of interest because of their high theoretical specific energies relative to state-of-the-art Li-ion batteries. However, several challenges limit rechargeability, including instability of the carbon electrode and electrolyte with reactive oxygen species formed during cycling. This work investigates strategies to improve the cycling efficiency of the Na–O2 system and minimize irreversible degradation of electrolyte and electrode materials. We show that charging cells with a constant current/constant voltage (CCCV) protocol is a promising technique made possible by the slight solubility of sodium superoxide in nonaqueous electrolytes. In addition, the type of carbon electrode has a significant impact on cell performance and efficacy of the cycling protocol. Graphitic carbon electrodes coupled with CCCV charging demonstrate higher reversibility, more efficient oxygen evolution, and less outgassing than conventional cells using a porous carbon paper electrode and only a constant current charge.

Graphical abstract
Rhoifolin attenuates damage to hippocampal neuronal culture model of acquired epilepsy in vitro by regulating NF-κB/iNOS/COX-2 axis
Authors: Qi Huizhen , Liu Liang
Published: June 2022

To assess the effect of Rhoifolin (ROF [apigenin 7-O-enneohesperidoside]) on the damage to hippocampal neu-ronal culture model of acquired epilepsy (AE) and investigate its possible mechanisms. A hippocampal neuronal culture model of AE was established through incubating HT-22 cells with MgCl2 free medium. 3-(4,5-Dimethylth-iazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assays were used to assess the effect of ROF on cell viability and apoptosis exposed to epilepsy. The oxidative stress and secretion of inflammatory cytokines were measured by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked-immunosorbent serologic assay, respectively. Immunoblot assays were performed to determine the protein expression levels of nuclear factor kappa B/nitric oxide synthases/cyclooxygenase-2 (NF-κB/iNOS/COX-2) axis. ROF increases viability and reduces apoptosis of AE medium-treated HT-22 cell line. ROF relieves oxidative stress in AE medium-treated HT-22 cell line. ROF decreases the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in AE medium-treated HT-22 cell line. The functional effects of ROF on AE medium-treated HT-22 cell line is through inhibiting NF-κB/iNOS/COX-2 axis. ROF increased viability, decreased apoptosis, suppressed oxidative stress, and reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in an epilepsy model in vitro by inhibiting NF-κB/iNOS/COX-2 axis. ROF might serve as a potential drug for epilepsy treatment.
Contribution of nursing research to fighting against COVID-19 pandemic. A systematic review
Authors:   Fundación Cardiovascular de Colombia, Rojas Lyda , Hernández Vargas Juliana Alexandra ,   Cuenta de Alto Costo, Fondo Colombiano de Enfermedades de Alto Costo, Trujillo-Cáceres Silvia Juliana ,   Cuenta de Alto Costo, Fondo Colombiano de Enfermedades de Alto Costo, Romero Guevara Sandra Lucrecia ,   Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
Published: June 2022

Introduction: The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, should be an opportunity to ensure greater visibility of nursing in health systems and society worldwide. Objective: Review and synthesize the patterns on COVID-19 and nursing research, identifying the main journals, country of origin, language, topics, designs, and area of applicability of the results. Materials and Methods: Systematic review. Searches in PubMed, CINAHL, LILACS, and EMBASE databases (from the inception of the pandemic to May 15, 2020) were performed. Articles of any language related were related to SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 disease and nursing in any of its roles (care, management, education, among others) and using any epidemiological design or a scientific report were included. Two reviewers independently selected the studies and extracted the data. The main findings from the included studies were summarized through narrative synthesis and descriptive tables. The characteristics of the studies were presented as absolute values and proportions. Results: Three hundred and sixty-five articles were assessed for eligibility. Thirty-eight were included, published in 28 journals. Of those, 53.57% (n=15) were nursing specific. Most articles were “narrative reviews”, accounting for 23.68% (n=9). Most studies were conducted in China (n=18, 47.37%), followed by the United Kingdom and the United States. Thirty-four (89.47%) articles were published in English, followed by Portuguese and Chinese. We identified five areas of application of the results, and the most frequent was the “clinical” setting with 47.00% (n=18). Discussion: These findings are crucial to give visibility to nursing work during the emergency of the COVID-19 pandemic. Mental health was the main research topic, while the clinical setting concentrates the major number of articles. This pattern was aligned with the challenges of the initial phase of the pandemic. Conclusion: Future research should explore the current state of evidence in the main topics identified in this review and continue to give visibility to work carried out by nursing in the emergency of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Theoretical Background of the Formation of the “Post-Work Society” Concept
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Morozov Igor
Published: June 2022

The article presents the result of a study of the theoretical prerequisites for the formation of the concept of "post-work society". Studies of this concept seem to be relevant in connection with the progressing worldwide labor crisis associated with the instability of the labor market and the growth of unemployment rates around the world. The labor crisis, caused by the economic crises of recent decades, as well as the latest crisis associated with the coronavirus infection (COVID-19) pandemic, is setting the stage for a shift towards the postwork world, the ideological core of which is the concept of a "post-work society". The author of the article finds the origins of the formation of this concept in the ideas of ancient philosophers. However, the concept of "post-work society" was only formed at the end of the 19th century among left intellectuals. The formation of this concept, according to the author of the article, will be due to the disastrous social situation of the working class. The concept of "post-work society", which is in line with the anti-capitalist ideas of the 19th and 20th centuries, nevertheless does not find wide support in socialist circles of its time, since the official position of the socialist parties in many states recognizes wage labor and the working class as the unshakable foundations of socialist societies. Further, the article examines the current stage of development of the theory of the concept of "post-work society". The filling of the concept with new meanings and ideas at the present stage is associated by the author of the article with the economic crises of recent decades and the development of European left politics, when many post-capitalist concepts are being developed. In one of the modern works, this concept is even proposed as a new political project of the left movement. At the end of the article, a generalization is made and the theoretical foundations of the concept under consideration, inherent in many post-work theories, are highlighted.
Overcoming of Intercultural Communication As a Way to Achieve Mutual Understanding in the Global Socio-Economic System
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Ten Yulia
Published: June 2022

The relevance of the research consists in suggestion that overcoming the cultural barriers is the effective way to achieving the mutual understanding among the subjects of international economic relations in the context of changes in the world under the influence of globalization processes. In the emerging global economy, the most difficult barriers to mutual understanding are cultural differences between peoples. The purpose of the study is to generalize foreign experience in understanding the issues of minimizing barriers between subjects of international communications. The purpose of the study determined the specifics of the choice of the methodology of cognition of the research topic: the author turns to the study of foreign academic literature. The idea is substantiated that the need for communication between subjects of international economic relations appears when the subject of interaction realizes the limitations of his resources and interacts with another communicator in order to fill in the missing resource. Intercultural communication is presented as a type of purposeful and self-organizing communicative interaction, the type-forming feature of which is a shortage of intersubjectively shared resources arising from the fact that communicants belong to different socio-cultural systems. If different subjects of communication can learn to overcome cross-cultural barriers, then this can lead to reaching a new, higher level of cultural development of modern civilization. It is revealed that most of the studies of Western scientists are focused on analyzing the degree of difference between Western and non-Western cultures in order to develop an understanding of how to manage non-Western cultures more effectively in the context of business interactions. Hence, a model of educational intercultural competence is being developed in science, the mastery of which will allow managers to overcome communication barriers more flexibly and effectively. Western scientists propose mainly models for overcoming cross-cultural barriers in international communications, based on the recognition that the cultures of non-Western countries should be transformed under the influence of globalization (in particular, the digitalization of socioeconomic life). Hence, the concept of a "global community" is being formed, whose representatives will gradually master the generally significant system of verbal and nonverbal codes of the global (network, digital) socioeconomic system. The necessity of developing a scientific discussion on the development of a universal model of intercultural communication, which will minimize the barriers that prevent the most effective mutual understanding between the subjects of international economic relations, taking into account their cultural differences, is substantiated.
“I Made Knowledge Development My Mission...” (In Memory of Shvetsov Mikhail Lvovich)
Authors:   Donetsk Centre of the Institute of Oriental Studies named after A. Krymsky, Grib Vladimir
Published: June 2022

The article is dedicated to the memory of M.L. Shvetsov, a Donetsk archaeologist, expert in the field of the funeral rite of the Khazar Khaganate peoples and the late nomads. It provides biographical data and describes the main stages of his formation as a scientist. The relevance of the results of M.L. Shvetsovs field explorations and his significant contribution to the study of the early medieval history of Eastern Europe is noted.
The Buried Kurgan 23a of the Filippovka 1 Necropolis and the Chronological Relationship of the Sauromatian and Early Sarmatian Antiquities of the Southern Urals
Authors:   Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Savelev Nikita
Published: June 2022

The analysis of the lateral burial (No. 2) of the kurgan No. 23 of the Filippovka 1 necropolis (Russia, Orenburg region, the watershed of the Ural and Ilek rivers), investigated in 1990 by the expedition of the Bashkir branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences under the leadership of A.H. Pshenichnyuk, is presented. Based on planigraphy and stratigraphy data analysis, as well as through the use of archival photographs, it is shown that a small earthen kurgan (No. 23a), built several years earlier, was blocked by this kurgan. Judging by the ritual characteristics and the presence of a flat-bottomed vessel with a grooved spout-drain, the only burial of this kurgan can be called “late-Sauromatian” or syncretic “Sauromatian-Early-Sarmatian”, more characteristic of the westernmost part of the Southern Urals. The individual buried in this grave was laid in the “horseman’s pose” and oriented with his head to the southeast. In the relatively late kurgan No. 23, traditions characteristic of the early stage of the Prokhorov culture are recorded (dromos and catacomb burials, burnt wooden tent-shaped structure). The data obtained show that the substrate (“Sauromatian”) and superstrate (“Early Prokhorovka”) traditions in the territory of the formation of a new culture coexisted with each other for a long time, including among the population who left the elite necropolis Filippovka 1. The buried kurgan No. 23a is a clear confirmation of this coexistence. The mechanical superimposition of “Early Prokhorovka” traditions on the necropolises of the previous, “Sauromatian” time and the genetic proximity of the bearers of new traditions indicate that their spread in the territory of the Southern Urals followed the line of gradual transformation of the ethnic complex of funeral rites into a prestigious supra-ethnic one.
Bone (Horn) Arrowheads of the Population of Northern Altai in Xianbei Time (Based on Materials of Karban-I Complex)
Authors:   Altai State University, Seregin Nikolay , Demin Mikhail ,   Altai State Pedagogical University, Matrenin Sergey ,   Altai State University
Published: June 2022

The article presents the results of the systematization and chronological interpretation of bone (horn) arrowheads found during excavations of the Xianbei time burials of the Karban-I necropolis. This complex is located in the Chemal region of the Altai Republic. The published collection includes 26 bone (horn) arrowheads from seven burial kurgans. As a result of morphological analysis and classification of 23 items of good and satisfactory preservation, nine types were identified. There are both already known and specific modifications that have no analogies in the materials of the Bulan-Koby culture. Comparative study of general, special and individual morphological features made it possible to determine the relative chronology of the items. It was found that the arrowheads from Karban-I necropolis are not genetically related to the bone-cutting traditions of the Pazyryk culture population and represent the local development of specimens that appeared in the Xiongnu (2nd century BC – 1st century AD) and Xianbei (2nd – 1st half of the 4th century AD) time. A series of “experimental” specimens with a separately made bone whistle (types 1b, 4b), which represent a simplified technology for making tips with a one-piece bushing whistle (type 7a), have been identified. It is noted that arrowheads with a sleeve (type 8a) and clamping attachments (type 9a) have rather rare structural elements. Additional evidence was obtained that the population of Altai in the Xianbei time could use arrows with bone tips not only for hunting purposes, but also as a weapon to defeat a weakly defended enemy.