bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Educação de jovens e adultos na América Latina e Caribe: trajetória recente
Authors: Di Pierro Maria Clara
Published: October 2008

O artigo analisa resultados de pesquisa colaborativa que recuperou a trajetória recente da educação de jovens e adultos em vinte países da América Latina e Caribe, traçando uma cartografia das políticas e programas dos governos e da sociedade civil. Pelo exame do contexto regional, o estudo infere os papéis desempenhados por essa modalidade de educação no período e reconhece a pluralidade de sujeitos sociais singulares que a demandam. A caracterização e a comparação das políticas e programas dos países permitem identificar tendências comuns, casos excepcionais e aspectos críticos.
Los docentes y la política curricular Argentina en los años '90
Authors: Ziegler Sandra
Published: October 2008

Este trabajo presenta los resultados de un proyecto de investigación sobre las recepciones de los docentes de la propuesta curricular efectuada en Argentina, durante la reforma educativa de los años '90. Dado que ésta se ha difundido a través de documentos impresos, el análisis de las recepciones considera a los docentes como lectores de dichos textos que, en tanto herramienta de normatización, limitan lo posible y lo cotidiano en el quehacer escolar. A partir de los aportes de la teoría de la recepción de la crítica literaria, se indagan las orientaciones asumidas por los docentes ante la dinámica de cambio curricular y algunos efectos que producen en el trabajo de los maestros los dispositivos estatales diseñados para el cambio del curriculum.
Desdobramentos da associação "público-privado" na administração do ensino técnico no Ceará
Authors: Zibas Dagmar M. L.
Published: October 2008

O texto traz resultados de estudo de caso que focaliza escola técnica de nível médio administrada por Organização da Sociedade Civil de Interesse Público - Oscip -, por meio de contrato de gestão estabelecido com o governo do Estado do Ceará. Os dados indicam que a associação "público-privado" focalizada afasta-se do criticado modelo de "quase-mercado", tal como implantado na área educacional na Inglaterra, uma vez que os mecanismos de mercado introduzidos revelam-se bastante diferentes do paradigma inglês. No caso estudado, o enfraquecimento da dimensão pública da escola passa por outra vertente, na qual a exigência de que a escola venda serviços para completar seu orçamento parece ter desdobramentos deletérios na dinâmica escolar, dos quais a alta taxa de evasão pode ser um indicador relevante.
Genetic variation and environmental effects on beta-conglycinin and glycinin content in Brazilian soybean cultivars
Authors: Carrão-Panizzi Mercedes Concórdia , Kwanyuen Prachuab , Erhan Sevim Zeynep , Lopes Ivani de Oliveira Negrão
Published: October 2008

The objective of this work was to determine genetic and environmental effects on beta-conglycinin and glycinin content in Brazilian soybean cultivars. The concentrations of these protein fractions were analyzed by scanning densitometry after electrophoresis, in 90 Brazilian soybean cultivars sown in Ponta Grossa, PR, in 2001. The effects of the sowing location were determined in the cultivar MG/BR 46 (Conquista), sown in 16 locations of Goiás and Minas Gerais states (Central Brazil), and in the cultivar IAS 5, sown in 12 locations of Paraná and São Paulo states (Southern Brazil), in 2002 soybean season. A significant variability for beta-conglycinin (7S) and glycinin (11S) protein fractions ratio was observed among the 90 Brazilian soybean cultivars. 'MS/BRS 169' (Bacuri) and 'BR-8' (Pelotas) presented the highest and the lowest 11S/7S ratios (2.76 and 1.17, respectively). Beta-conglycinin protein fractions presented more variability than glycinin protein fractions. Grouping test classified 7S proteins in seven groups, 11S proteins in four groups, and protein fraction ratios (11S/7S) in nine groups. Significant effect of sowing locations was also observed on protein fractions contents. There is a good possibility of breeding for individual protein fractions, and their subunits, without affecting protein content.
Análise comparativa de três tipos de válvulas anti-refluxo associada à cirurgia de heller: estudo experimental em cães
Authors: Crema Eduardo , Ferreira Daniela A. , Silva Alex A. , Ferreira-Santos Ruy
Published: October 2008

OBJETIVO: Comparar experimentalmente, em cães, três técnicas de esofagogastrofundoplicatura - anterior, posterior e lateral - após cardiomiotomia ampla. MÉTODO: Os animais foram separados aleatoriamente em quatro grupos: Grupo A: Válvula anti-refluxo anterior (n=5); Grupo P: válvula anti-refluxo posterior (n=5); Grupo L: Válvula anti-refluxo lateral (n=5); Grupo C: Grupo controle, no qual não foi realizado nenhum tipo de fundoplicatura após a cardiomiotomia (n=10). A avaliação pré-operatória foi realizada através de endoscopia, biópsia da mucosa gastroesofágica, pHmetria e manometria esofágica. Após cinco semanas, realizou-se reavaliação, baseada em dados endoscópicos, pHmétricos, manométricos e histopatológicos. Os animais foram mortos e os segmentos esofagogástricos retirados para exame histopatológico RESULTADOS: Ao exame histopatológico detectou-se esofagite em todos os casos do grupo controle e em nove casos dos grupos com válvulas, e nestes, quando presente, a esofagite foi de menor extensão e de grau menos avançado do que no grupo controle. Através da manometria pré e pós-operatória, observou-se que: 1) o grupo controle apresentou uma redução na pressão na ZAP de 39,2mmHg para 23,4mmHg; 2) os grupos A, P, e L apresentaram uma variação da ZAP de 39,7, 39,9 e 39,7mmHg para 40,9, 44,8 e 41,3mmHg, respectivamente. CONCLUSÕES: 1) A cardiomiotomia ampla provoca refluxo gastroesofágico e conseqüente esofagite; 2) As três válvulas anti-refluxo estudadas restauram o segmento de alta pressão e diminuem a incidência de refluxo e de esofagite.
Efeito do fator XIII da coagulação na cicatrização da pele de ratos em uso de corticosteróide
Authors: Medeiros Aldo da Cunha , Silva Anísio Virgolino da , Lima Francisco Pignataro , Vasconcelos Carolina Vannucci , Macedo Lidiane Maria de Brito , Melo Nara Medeiros Cunha
Published: October 2008

OBJETIVOS: Observar o efeito do fator XIII da coagulação (Fibrogamin®) na cicatrização de feridas incisas da pele de ratos tratados com corticosteróide. Foi feita a avaliação quanto ao aspecto histopatológico dos tecidos em cicatrização e sua resistência à tensão. MÉTODO: Foram utilizados 40 ratos Wistar, divididos em quatro grupos. No grupo A (n=10), foi administrado corticosteróide. No grupo B (n=10) foi usado corticosteróide e fator XIII. No grupo C (n=10) foi injetado fator XIII e no grupo D (n=10) foi administrado placebo (controle). A resistência à tensão foi medida através de tensiômetro computadorizado e as alterações histopatológicas quantificadas por análise digital. RESULTADOS: Ocorreu uma significativa diminuição da resistência da ferida de pele no grupo A (523,6gf), quando comparado com o controle (1480,4gf). No grupo B (868,8gf) notou-se significativa diferença em relação ao grupo A (p<0,0001). O grupo C não mostrou diferença (p=0,067) em relação ao grupo controle (D), entretanto foram observadas diferenças significativas quando comparados os grupos A e C; A e D (p<0,0001). A análise da densidade do colágeno e de células inflamatórias revelou as mesmas diferenças observadas na resistência à tensão. CONCLUSÕES: Foi observado que a ação do corticosteróide dificultou a cicatrização da pele de ratos e diminuiu a resistência à tensão, ação revertida pelo uso do fator XIII . A utilização do fator XIII sem uso de corticosteróide não demonstrou ação de melhora nos resultados da cicatrização em relação ao controle.
Trauma da Veia Porta
Authors: Fraga Gustavo Pereira , Mantovani Mario , Hirano Elcio Shiyoiti , Leal Raquel Franco
Published: October 2008

OBJETIVO: O trauma da veia porta é raro e freqüentemente fatal por causa de exsanguinação e alta incidência de lesões de estruturas adjacentes. Devido às pecualiaridades desta lesão e diferentes condutas propostas na literatura, o objetivo dos autores é relatar a experiência neste tipo de lesão. MÉTODO: Estudo retrospectivo, de janeiro de 1994 e dezembro de 2001, de 1370 pacientes submetidos à laparotomia devido trauma abdominal. Entre esses, 15 pacientes apresentavam lesão da veia porta. As lesões foram classificadas conforme a sua extensão e localização. RESULTADOS: O mecanismo de trauma predominante foi o penetrante. O diagnóstico da lesão foi realizado no intraoperatório. Os procedimentos executados foram: sutura, anastomose término-terminal e ligadura da veia porta. A mortalidade foi de 53,3%. CONCLUSÃO: A lesão da veia porta possui alta taxa de mortalidade e o atendimento adequado está diretamente relacionado à sobrevida.
Resultados do tratamento do câncer colorretal (T4) perfurado: análise de 14 pacientes operados
Authors: Costa Sergio Renato Pais , Lupinacci Renato Arioni
Published: October 2008

OBJETIVO: Relatar série de 14 casos de câncer colorretal T4 complicado (perfuração) submetidos à cirurgia curativa, analisando a morbidade, mortalidade e sobrevida dos doentes. MÉTODOS: Os dados completos de 14 pacientes submetidos a esse tipo de operação por adenocarcinoma colorretal T4 complicado entre 1999 e 2007 foram avaliados. Foram analisados os achados epidemiológicos e cirúrgicos. A sobrevida em longo prazo também foi avaliada. RESULTADOS: A mortalidade pós-operatória foi de 14 % (n=2). A morbidade global foi de 50 % (n=7). Dez ressecções foram R0 (71 %). Seis doentes apresentaram linfonodo comprometido (43%) e todos faleceram de recurrência do tumor (4 - 19 meses). Seis doentes (n=6) estavam vivos sem recidiva (entre 18 e 70 meses/seguimento). A sobrevida global em cinco anos foi de 25% (n=3). CONCLUSÃO: A ressecção radical (R0) do câncer colorretal perfurado apresenta altos índices de morbidade e mortalidade. A despeito de uma elevada recurrência tumoral, esse procedimento pode oferecer controle da doença em longo prazo.
A presença de retocele interfere nos resultados de exames de fisiologia anal?
Authors: Cesar Maria Auxiliadora Prolungatti , Klug Wilmar Artur , Aguida Helly Angela Caram , Ortiz Jorge Alberto , Bin Fang Chia , Kapelhuchnik Peretz
Published: October 2008

INTRODUÇÃO: A retocele é causa comum de constipação por defecação obstruída. Freqüentemente está relacionada com outras causas de defecação obstruída, e os exames de fisiologia anal são importantes para o diagnóstico preciso da causa de constipação intestinal. OBJETIVO: observar a influência da retocele nos exames de fisiologia anal, e a necessidade da realização desses após o diagnóstico da retocele. MÉTODO: Para este trabalho foram estudados 40 pacientes com diagnóstico de defecação obstruída. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos aos exames de manometria, sensibilidade retal, eletromiografia, latência do nervo pudendo e proctografia, e foram separados em 2 grupos: portadores e não portadores de retocele . Foram encontrados 18 pacientes com retocele, e o diagnóstico mais freqüentemente associado foi o anismus . Em relação aos exames foi encontrada diferença significante apenas na proctografia no ângulo ano retal, demonstrando que a presença de retocele não interferiu nos resultados de exames de fisiologia anal quando comparados com outros constipados, mas esteve associada a outras causas de constipação, como anismus que necessita de outro tipo de tratamento. CONCLUSÃO: A retocele não interferiu nos valores dos exames de fisiologia anal, mas esteve associada a outros diagnósticos, sendo importante a realização dos mesmos.
The use of Borg's modified scale in asthma crises
Authors: Cavalcante Tatiana de Medeiros Colletti , Diccini Solange , Barbosa Dulce Aparecida , Bittencourt Ana Rita de Cássia
Published: October 2008

OBJECTIVE: Verify the correlation of the improvement of the degree of dyspnea by BME with improved pulmonary performance verified by Expiratory Flow Peak (EFP) and Peripheral Oxygen Saturation (PO2S). METHODS: Analytical, cross-sectional study with 124 patients during an asthma crisis, who received care at a Pneumology emergency service. Heart rate, respiratory frequency EFP, PO2S were evaluated before and after treatment of asthma crisis, and they were questioned about their perception of dyspnea by BME. RESULTS: In the pre-treatment stage, high scale values were related to low EFP values, inverting this relation after treatment. There was also a slight correlation between EFP, PO2S and the perception of dyspnea measured by the patient through BME. CONCLUSION: The scale does not replace other clinical parameters, and can be used as an additional tool, provided that the patient is correctly informed about the scale values.
The nurses' working process: the view of professors from a public university
Authors: Tanaka Luiza Hiromi , Leite Maria Madalena Januário
Published: October 2008

OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to understand the working process of the nurse according to the perspective of professors of the Undergraduate Nursing Course at Universidade Federal de São Paulo. METHODS: Exploratory study with a qualitative approach, having 14 professors as its subjects; the focus group technique was chosen for data collection, and the material was analyzed according to the method of content analysis. RESULTS: The meaning of the nurses' working process comprised three categories: composition of the nurses' working process, differentials of the nurses' work when compared to other healthcare professionals and dichotomies of the nurses' working process in education. CONCLUSION: The meanings of this process were the group of the working processes: caring, managing, teaching and researching, whose working core is the process of caring. However, healthcare management was not evidenced by the focus group. The nurses' working process was considered complex and confusing.
The experience of undergoing a Teaching Internship applying active methodologies
Authors: Wall Marilene Loewen , Prado Marta Lenise do , Carraro Telma Elisa
Published: October 2008

Knowledge has become our society's main resource. It is organized around the areas of application, where teaching institutions are expected to use it in actions focused on society and building the knowledge linked with reality. This article presents the report of a Teaching Internship experience in a Nursing undergraduate course at a federal educational institution, where the teaching-learning process happened through an innovative pedagogy with the application of active methodologies. By sharing this experience, we present a brief and critical reflection in the light of the consulted literature. Classroom theory needs to be articulated with reality, with practice, trying to explain it, aiming at understanding it, so that interventions and changes can be made, turning our students into citizens and subjects.
América Latina no sistema-mundo: questionamentos e alianças centro-periferia
Authors: Preciado Jaime
Published: October 2008

A matriz econômica e política latinoamericana e caribenha, está dividida internamente pela emergência de blocos supranacionais que cobram nova projeção geopolítica, mediante negociações entre espaços e âmbitos do poder centro-periferia. Implementam-se, a partir daí, estratégias que influem na nova configuração do sistema-mundo. Neste artigo, identificam-se os Estados-nação com capacidade de projetar-se como uma semi-periferia ativa. O México tem por objetivo reforçar a estratégia da América do Norte e coloca-se como semiperiferia subalterna. O Brasil projeta-se como uma semiperiferia com aspirações de potência global Sul-Norte, que questiona e redefine sua relação com os poderes centrais mundiais. A emergência de uma semiperiferia anti-hegemônica é comandada pela Venezuela, mediante uma ativa política internacional Sul-Sul. Simultaneamente, emergem novos atores alter-mundistas que não se limitam ao mapa de governos nacionais de "esquerda", mas portam um imaginário social alternativo e anti-hegemônica do Sistema-Mundo.
Redes transnacionais de movimentos sociais na América Latina e o desafio de uma nova construção socioterritorial
Authors: Bringel Breno , Falero Alfredo
Published: October 2008

O presente artigo parte de duas considerações: a necessidade de estabelecer diálogo interdisciplinar entre a geografia e a sociologia sobre a problemática do território e da espacialidade da política; e a constatação que a construção de redes transnacionais de organizações e movimentos sociais constitue dimensão-chave nos processos latino-americanos atuais. À luz dessas considerações os autores examinam as redes transnacionais construídas a partir de movimentos sociais na América Latina, com base no enfoque socioterritorial. Sob esta perpectiva são analisados o Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra - MST, do Brasil e a Federação Uruguaia de Cooperativas de Moradia por Ajuda Mútua FUCVAM, do Uruguai. Na análise serão observadas as convergências, a formação de espaços contra-hegemônicos e os desafios enfrentados por experiências dessa natureza na busca de projeções emancipatórias, no século XXI.
Intervencionismo estatal e políticas de desenvolvimento na América Latina
Authors: Boschi Renato , Gaitán Flavio
Published: October 2008

Este trabalho analisa as dinâmicas dos países latino-americanos na última década, cuja característica distintiva é o enfraquecimento da hegemonia neoclássica e uma retomada de trajetórias de intervenção estatal na economia. A análise está centrada nos vetores constitutivos de uma agenda neo-desenvolvimentista e no papel que o Estado deve desempenhar na retomada do crescimento e do desenvolvimento sustentável. Focaliza-se o papel que o regime político e as instituições de governo cumprem no processo econômico, sugerindo-se que não haveria possibilidade de crescimento e desenvolvimento sem um Estado forte. Diferentes trajetórias constituem a base a partir da qual operam um conjunto similar de intervenções delimitando um campo para a atação de novos governos, cujos instrumentos e margens de ação dependerão de um conjunto de características institucionais e de contexto que pautam a governabilidade e, em última análise, a natureza das políticas econômicas.
Viabilidade da antecipação do tratamento de sementes de arroz com inseticidas em relação à data de semeadura no controle de Oryzophagus oryzae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Grützmacher Anderson Dionei , Martins José Francisco da Silva , Cunha Uemerson Silva da , Giolo Fabrizio Pinheiro , Neves Márcio Bartz das , Härter Wagner da Roza , Franco Daniel Fernandez , Mattos Maria Laura Turino
Published: October 2008

Oryzophagus oryzae (Costa Lima, 1936) é uma das pragas mais prejudiciais da cultura do arroz irrigado, sendo seu controle efetuado tradicionalmente com inseticidas granulados aplicados na água de irrigação. No entanto, o uso de inseticidas aplicados às sementes tem sido considerado promissor. Embora existam máquinas adequadas para aplicação de inseticidas às sementes, há dificuldade de assegurar a qualidade das sementes tratadas, em poucos dias ou mesmo horas antes da semeadura. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar a viabilidade do tratamento de sementes de arroz com inseticidas aplicados com antecedência à data de semeadura para o controle de O. oryzae. Dois experimentos foram instalados na Estação Experimental de Terras Baixas da Embrapa Clima Temperado, localizada no município de Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), em duas épocas (1997/1998 e 2004/2005). O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições. Foram avaliados os inseticidas carbosulfano e fipronil aplicados manualmente às sementes de arroz em diferentes épocas que antecederam a semeadura e foram avaliadas as variáveis poder germinativo e vigor das sementes, plantas emergidas, população larval e produtividade de grãos. O tratamento das sementes de arroz com inseticidas, antecipadamente à data de semeadura, visando ao controle de O. oryzae, demonstrou ser viável. Os inseticidas carbosulfano e fipronil são adequados ao tratamento antecipado das sementes, se aplicados até 75 dias antes da semeadura.
Composição tecidual e centesimal e teor de colesterol da carne de cordeiros terminados em confinamento com dietas contendo níveis crescentes de resíduo úmido de cervejaria
Authors: Carvalho Sérgio , Brochier Mariana Augusta
Published: October 2008

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a influência de diferentes níveis de substituição do alimento concentrado por resíduo úmido de cervejaria sobre a composição tecidual, a composição centesimal e o teor de colesterol da carne de cordeiros terminados em confinamento. Foram utilizados 25 cordeiros, machos, não-castrados, da raça Texel, distribuídos aleatoriamente em cinco tratamentos compostos por níveis de substituição do alimento concentrado por resíduo úmido de cervejaria, sendo: 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% e 100% de substituição. Foram utilizadas uma dieta composta de feno de Tifton-85 e uma mistura concentrada em uma relação volumoso: concentrado de 40:60, com base na matéria seca (MS). O alimento concentrado foi constituído por milho desintegrado, farelo de soja, mistura mineral e resíduo úmido de cervejaria, sendo que suas proporções variaram de acordo com os tratamentos. As dietas foram formuladas para serem isoprotéicas, baseados no teor de proteína bruta (PB) do tratamento com maior nível de resíduo. Os cordeiros foram abatidos após um período experimental de 77 dias. Observou-se, na secção entre a 9ª e a 11ª costelas, que os pesos de osso, músculo e gordura diminuíram linearmente e a proporção de músculo aumentou linearmente com o incremento do nível de resíduo. Verificou-se aumento linear na proporção de umidade no músculo Longissimus dorsi com o aumento do resíduo úmido de cervejaria nas dietas dos cordeiros.
A new species of Trichomycterus (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from lagoa Feia drainage, southeastern Brazil
Authors: Lima Sergio M. Q. , Lazzarotto Henrique , Costa Wilson J. E. M.
Published: October 2008

Trichomycterus caipora, new species, is described from rio Macabu basin, lagoa Feia drainage, serra de Macaé, southeastern Brazil. The new species is distinguished from its congeners from southern and southeastern Brazil by the combination of: the presence of nine pectoral-fin rays, caudal fin emarginated and high number of opercular and interorpecular odontodes. Ecological notes are presented and putative phylogenetic relationships and characters shared with congeners are discussed.
Scoloplax baskini: a new spiny dwarf catfish from rio Aripuanã, Amazonas, Brazil (Loricarioidei: Scoloplacidae)
Authors: Rocha Marcelo Salles , Oliveira Renildo Ribeiro de , Py-Daniel Lúcia H. Rapp
Published: October 2008

A new species of Scoloplax is described from small tributaries of rio Aripuanã, rio Madeira drainage, Amazonas State, Brazil. The new species can be distinguished from its congeners by several morphological features, such as ventral midline plates with two longitudinal parallel rows of odontodes not covered by skin, pectoral and pelvic fins with all rays simple, unbranched, and mesethmoid with a thickened triangular anterior process. Implications of new records of S. dolicholophia from rio Japurá and other comparative features within the genus are discussed.
A new species of Rineloricaria (Siluriformes: Loricariidae: Loricariinae) from rio Daraá, rio Negro basin, Amazon, Brazil
Authors: Py-Daniel Lúcia H. Rapp , Fichberg Ilana
Published: October 2008

Rineloricaria daraha, new species, is described from the rio Daraá, tributary of rio Negro, northwestern Amazonas State, Brazil. The new species is diagnosed by having seven branched pectoral-fin rays, finger-like papillae on the lower lip, a large multi-angular preanal plate, and at least four quadrangular plates of variable size surrounding the preanal plate. The new species is known only from rio Daraá and its waterfalls.
New species of thorny catfish, genus Leptodoras Boulenger (Siluriformes: Doradidae), from Tapajós and Xingu basins, Brazil
Authors: Birindelli José L. O. , Sousa Leandro M. , Pérez Mark H. Sabaj
Published: October 2008

A new species of thorny catfish (family Doradidae) is described as a member of genus Leptodoras Boulenger by having a modified oral hood and first gill arch with enlarged accessory lamellae extending well onto medial face of gill filaments. The new species is distinguished by three characteristics unique within Leptodoras: gas bladder moderately sized (not reduced) with simple walls (diverticula absent), and paired bony capsules on anteriormost vertebrae reduced to paired cup-like laminar ossifications separated by triangular septum. The new species was discovered from material recently collected in the Tapajós basin at Serra do Cachimbo and in the headwaters of rio Xingu. The species description is supplemented by a detailed osteological description, discussion on its placement among congeners, and a re-evaluation of the diagnosis of Leptodoras and its relationships with sister taxon Anduzedoras oxyrhynchus. In addition, the distributions of several species of Leptodoras are expanded based on recent collecting efforts and identification of museum specimens not previously studied.
Geodata-based probabilistic risk assessment and management of pesticides in germany: a conceptual framework
Authors: Schulz Ralf , Stehle Sebastian , Elsaesser David , Matezki Steffen , Müller Alexandra , Neumann Michael , Ohliger Renja , Wogram Jörn , Zenker Katharina
Published: October 2008

The procedure for the risk assessment of pesticides in Germany is currently further developed from a deterministic to a geodata-based probabilistic risk assessment (GeoPRA) approach. As the initial step, the exposure assessment for spray drift in permanent crops, such as vineyards, fruit orchards, and hops, is considered. In our concept, geoinformation tools are used to predict distribution functions for exposure concentrations based mainly on spatial information regarding the neighbourhood of crops and surface waters. A total number of 23 factors affecting the drift into surface waters were assessed and suggestions for their inclusion into the approach developed. The main objectives are to base the exposure estimation on a realistic representation of local landscape characteristics and on empirical results for the impact of each feature on the drift deposition. A framework for the identification of high-risk sites (active management areas [AMAs]) based on protection goals and ecological considerations was developed in order to implement suitable risk mitigation measures. The inclusion of active mitigation measures at sites with identified and verified risk is considered a central and important part of the overall assessment strategy. The suggested GeoPRA procedure itself is comprised of the following 4 steps, including elements of the extensive preliminary work conducted so far: 1) nationwide risk assessment, preferably based only on geodata-based factors; 2) identification of AMAs, including the spatial extension of contamination, the level of contamination, and the tolerable effect levels; 3) refined exposure assessment, using aerial photographs and field surveys; and 4) mitigation measures, with a focus on landscape-level active mitigation measures leading to effective risk reductions. The suggested GeoPRA procedure offers the possibility to actively involve the farming community in the process of pesticide management. Overall, the new procedure will aim at increased flexibility of pesticide application regulations and a high level of protection of surface waters.
Infection and Bronchiolitis Obliterans Among Native American Lung Transplant Recipients
Authors: Dosanjh Amrita , Koziol James
Published: October 2008

Background:

Alaska Native and Native American populations (AN/NA) are prone to respiratory tract infections, due to genetic
predisposition and environmental factors. Since community acquired respiratory tract infections are associated with higher rates of bronchiolitis
obliterans syndrome (BOS), it was hypothesized that AN/NA lung transplant recipients may experience a higher rate of BOS.

Methods:

The UNOS database was searched from 1995-2005 to identify adult AN/NA patients undergoing lung transplantation in the
U.S. Among 11,103 patients, 33 AN/NA (13M/20F) patients were identified for further analysis. Among this population rates of: i) initial
hospital stay, ii) first year hospitalizations, iii) hospitalization for infection, iv) subsequent BOS in years 1-5, were compared. Statistical
analysis was performed using the fisher exact test, and a p value of <0.05 was considered significant.

Results:

AN/NA recipients did not have a higher incidence of BOS in years 1-5 following lung transplantation. They did have a higher
rate of first year complications, reflected by higher hospitalization rates. AN/NA patients had a higher rate of first year hospitalizations
for non-CMV infection (p < 0.03).

Conclusions:

AN/NA patients despite being at risk for community acquired respiratory infections did not have a higher rate of transplantation
BOS in subsequent years.
Initial Results of the S3-Humerus Plate
Authors: Gille J , Schulz A.P , Queitsch Ch , Paech A , Jürgens Ch
Published: October 2008

Fractures of the humeral head account for 5% of all fractures and incidence increases with age. Depending on fracture form and patients age a wide variety of therapeutical options exist. Stable fractures can be treated conservatively, while the majority of unstable and displaced fractures require surgical treatment. Many different surgical options are available; open reduction and internal fixation are widely preferred. The S3 Proximal Humerus Plate is a contoured plate to match the complex shape of the proximal humerus. It is designed to be positioned distal to the greater tuberosity preventing subacromial impingement.

Between august 1 and 30, 2007, 5 patients meeting the inclusion criteria (that is primary operative stabilization within 7 days after trauma in a standardized way and minimal follow up period of 3 month) with acute fractures of the proximal humerus were treated with S3 Proximal Humerus Plate. Follow up was performed using the Constant Score. The mean age was 59.0 years. According to the Neer classification fractures were rated as Neer 2,3 and 4. A mean Constant score of 72.3 (57-86) points was obtained.

We did not observe any complications like humeral head necroses, loss of reduction, deep infection or breakage of the plate.
Stasis Theory as a Strategy for Workplace Teaming and Decision Making
Authors: Brizee H. Allen
Published: October 2008

Current scholarship tells us that skills in teaming are essential for students and practitioners of professional communication. Writers must be able to cooperate with subject-matter experts and team members to make effective decisions and complete projects. Scholarship also suggests that rapid changes in technology and changes in teaming processes challenge workplace communication and cooperation. Professional writers must be able to use complex software for projects that are often completed by multidisciplinary teams working remotely. Moreover, as technical writers shift from content developers to project managers, our responsibilities now include user-advocacy and supervision, further invigorating the need for successful communication. This article offers a different vision of an ancient heuristic—stasis theory—as a solution for the teaming challenges facing today's professional writers. Stasis theory, used as a generative heuristic rather than an eristic weapon, can help foster teaming and effective decision making in contemporary pedagogical and workplace contexts.
Ability of the Canine Brief Pain Inventory to detect response to treatment in dogs with osteoarthritis
Authors: Brown Dorothy Cimino , Boston Raymond C. , Coyne James C. , Farrar John T.
Published: October 2008

Objective—To determine whether the Canine Brief Pain Inventory (CBPI) can detect changes in dogs with osteoarthritis treated with an NSAID or a placebo.

Design—Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

Animals—70 dogs with osteoarthritis.

Procedures—Owners completed the CBPI on day 0. Dogs received carprofen or a placebo on days 1 through 14. Owners completed the CBPI again on day 14. Pain severity and pain interference scores from the CBPI were calculated, and the change from day 0 to day 14 was assessed within each group and between groups.

Results—No significant differences were detected in median scores for pain severity (3.50 and 3.25 on days 0 and 14, respectively) and pain interference (3.92 and 3.25 on days 0 and 14, respectively) in dogs receiving the placebo. Dogs receiving carprofen had significant changes in median scores for pain severity (4.25 to 2.25 on days 0 and 14, respectively) and pain interference (4.33 to 2.67 on days 0 and 14, respectively). There was a significantly greater improvement in pain severity and pain interference scores in dogs treated with carprofen, compared with improvement in scores for dogs receiving the placebo.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The CBPI was able to detect improvements in pain scores in dogs with osteoarthritis treated with an NSAID or a placebo. These results, in combination with previous reliability and validity testing, support the use of the CBPI to obtain quantifiable assessments from owners regarding the severity and impact of chronic pain and treatment for dogs with osteoarthritis.
Tracheal collapse in American Miniature Horses: 13 cases (1985–2007)
Authors: Aleman Monica , Nieto Jorge E. , Benak Jaromir , Johnson Lynelle R.
Published: October 2008

Objective—To describe the clinical and laboratory findings, diagnostic features, and outcome of tracheal collapse in American Miniature Horses at a referral institution.

Design—Retrospective case series.

Animals—13 American Miniature Horses with tracheal collapse.

Procedures—Medical records of American Miniature Horses with tracheal collapse at a referral hospital were reviewed. Data extracted included signalment, history, clinical signs, laboratory data, diagnostic procedures, outcome, and histologic findings.

Results—Tracheal collapse was documented in 5.6% of American Miniature Horses admitted to this referral hospital. Median age at onset of clinical signs was 11 years with a range of 2 to 15 years. Common complaints and clinical signs included respiratory distress, tachypnea, inspiratory honking noises, and increased abdominal expiratory effort, which were exacerbated by stressful events, pregnancy, exercise, a dusty environment, and eating. Tracheal collapse was confirmed by use of radiography, endoscopy, fluoroscopy, or postmortem examination. Dorsoventral flattening of the extra- or intrathoracic trachea, or both, was more common than lateral collapse. Tracheal chondromalacia was identified histologically in 4 cases, and mortality rate for affected horses was 10 of 13.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Tracheal collapse was relatively common in this study of American Miniature Horses, and outcome was poor. The etiopathogenesis of the disease remains unknown.
Determination of dissociation degrees of K3NbF8 and K3TaF8 by thermodynamic analysis of subsystems of the KF-K2NbF7 and KF-K2TaF7 systems
Authors: Kosa Ladislav , Proks Ivo
Published: October 2008

A special form of the LeChatelier-Shreder equation describing the equilibrium between the crystalline phase and the melt in system A-AB in which the substance AB partially dissociates upon melting was applied to systems KF-K3NbF8, K2NbF7-K3NbF8 and to KF-K3TaF8, K2TaF7-K3TaF8 subsystems of the binary systems KF-K2NbF7 and KF-K2TaF7 in which the additive compounds K3NbF8 and K3TaF8 are formed. Using the phase diagram of the system KF-K2NbF7 determined by McCawley and Barclay (1971) and the values of the fusion enthalpy of K3NbF8 taken from literature, the intervals of the dissociation degree values of K3NbF8 for both branches of the liquidus curve of K3NbF8 were calculated. The calculated values of the dissociation degree depend on the coordinates of the liquidus curve of K3NbF8 of the pertinent phase diagram, on its used branch and section, and on the value of the fusion enthalpy of K3NbF8. For the measured fusion enthalpy of K3NbF8 (57 kJ mol−1), a common interval of the dissociation degree values of K3NbF8 for both branches of the liquidus curve of K3NbF8 is 0.71–0.72. Similarly, intervals of the dissociation degree values of K3TaF8 for both branches of the liquidus curve of K3TaF8 were calculated using the phase diagram of the system KF-K2TaF7 determined by Boča et al. (2007) and the measured fusion enthalpy of K3TaF8 ((52 ± 2) kJ mol−1). The error of the determination of the fusion enthalpy of K3TaF8, the common interval of the dissociation degree values of K3TaF8 for both branches of the liquidus curve of K3TaF8 is 0.68–0.69.
Synthesis of macrocyclic polyethers and polyether diesters and preparation of their cationic complexes
Authors: Ertul Şeref , Bedük A. , Bayrakci Mevlüt , Güler Ersin
Published: October 2008

New macrocyclic polyethers, 2,3,5,6-bis-[5′(5′)-chlorobenzo]-1,7,10-trioxacyclododeca-2,5-diene (I), 2,3,5,6-bis-[5′(5′)-chlorobenzo]-1,7,10,13-tetra oxacyclo pentadeca-2,5-diene (II), and 2,3,5,6-bis-[5′(5′)-chlorobenzo]-1,7,10,13,16-penta oxa cyclo octadeca-2,5-dien (III), and macrocylic lactones 2,3,5,6-bis-[5′(5′)-chlorobenzo]-1,7,10,13-tetraoxacyclopentadeca-2,5-diene-8,15-dione (IV) and 2,3,5,6-bis[5′(5′)-chlorobenzo]-1,7,10,13,16-pentaoxacyclooctadeca-2,5-diene-8,18-dione (V) were synthesized. Complexes of ligands III and V with metal cations were prepared. Furthermore, their metal-picrate extraction with some metal salts was attempted. Structures of the ligands and complexes were confirmed using spectroscopic techniques.
DFT-based quantum theory QSPR studies of molar heat capacity and molar polarization of vinyl polymers
Authors: Yu Xinliang , Yi Bing , Yu Wenhao , Wang Xueye
Published: October 2008

In this study, the DFT/B3LYP level of theory with the 6-31G (d) basis set was used to calculate a set of quantum chemical descriptors for structure units of vinyl polymers. These descriptors were used to predict the molar heat capacity of “liquid” at constant pressure (C P1(298 K)) and the molar Lorentz and Lorenz polarization (P LL). Two more physically meaningful quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) models obtained from the training sets applying multiple linear stepwise regression (MLR) analysis were evaluated externally using the test sets. Correlation coefficients between the predicted and the experimental values were: 0.998 for C P1(298 K) and 0.979 for P LL. The results indicate that the QSPR models constructed using quantum chemical descriptors can be applied to predict the properties of polymers confirming the role of quantum chemical descriptors in the QSPRs studies of polymers.
Structural and electronic effects involving pyridine rings in 4-methylpyridine Cu4OX6L4 complexes. II. Correlations based on molecular structure of the Cu4OCl6(4-Mepy)4 complex
Authors: Ondrejovič Gregor , Koman Marian , Kotočová Adela
Published: October 2008

Correlations involving bond lengths and bond angles in the molecular structure of the Cu4OCl6(4-Mepy)4 complex (4-Mepy = 4-methylpyridine) with four symmetrically independent molecules present in the unit cell showed that the donor-acceptor behavior involving the π-back donation into the pyridine rings of the 4-Mepy ligands is most effectively stimulated by a suitable orientation of the pyridine rings in the trigonal bipyramidal geometry. The pyridine ring planes are almost in parallel orientation with one of the three Cu-Cl bonds. The bond lengths of these Cu-Cl bonds are in a significant linear correlation with the Cu-N bond lengths and the bonds lengths of the pyridine rings. The pyridine rings orientation is affected by distortion of the trigonal bipyramidal geometry to tetragonal pyramidal coordination, by out-of plane pyridine rings deviation and in-plane pyridine rings tilting, by puckering of the pyridine rings and by the effects of the methyl groups. The pyridine rings in at least seven of the sixteen trigonal bipyramidal coordinations exhibit an orientation supporting the π-back bonding between the Cu(II) atoms and the pyridine rings.
Electrochemical behaviour of lanthanum fluoride in molten fluorides
Authors: Ambrová Marta , Jurišová Jana , Danielik Vladimír
Published: October 2008

The electrochemical behaviour of lanthanum fluoride dissolved in molten lithium fluoride and in eutectic mixture LiF-CaF2 was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and laboratory electrolysis. The cyclic voltammetry experiments were carried out at 900°C and 800°C, respectively, in a graphite crucible (counter electrode). Several types of working electrodes (Mo, W, Ni and Cu) were used. Ni/Ni(II) was used as a reference electrode. Laboratory electrolysis was carried out in the system LiF-CaF2-LaF3 at 800°C in galvanostatic (j c = −0.21 A cm−2) and potentiostatic (E = 0.87 V) regimes. In both cases, nickel served as the cathode and graphite as the anode. It was found that no new separate reduction peak occurred on the molybdenum or tungsten electrodes in the investigated systems. When copper or nickel electrodes were used, new peaks corresponding to the reduction of lanthanum(III) to lanthanum metal appeared. This can be explained by the formation of alloys or intermetallic compounds of lanthanum with copper or nickel. X-ray microanalysis showed that lanthanum was electrodeposited together with calcium under formation of intermetallic compounds with the electrode materials in the galvanostatic regime. In the potentiostatic regime, mainly lanthanum was deposited, which enabled its separation.
Composition of the essential oil of Geocaryum cynapioides (Guss.) L. Engstrand
Authors: Radulović Niko , Đordević Nevenka , Zlatković Bojan , Palić Radosav
Published: October 2008

Volatile constituents from two fresh samples of the subendemic Geocaryum cynapioides (Guss.) L. Engstrand (Apiaceae) obtained by hydrodistillation were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. Forty four and one hundred-twenty three constituents identified in the oils accounted for 98.7 % and 98.4 % of the total oils, respectively. The major component of both oils was (E)-β-farnesene (73.3 % and 57.7 %) while the other major contributors were: (E,E)-α-farnesene (4.8 % and 14.6 %) and trans-sesquisabinene hydrate (12.2 % and 3.0 %). The constituents endo-fenchyl acetate, and three sesquiterpene lactones belonging to the selinane (callitrisin) and guaiane (grilactone and jalcaguaianolide) series, with a rather restricted natural occurrence, were present in only one of the samples (4.7 %, trace amount, 0.1 %, 0.5 %, respectively) and completely absent from the other distinguishing so the two samples. A chemotaxonomic discussion of the results is presented.
Silica sulfuric acid-catalyzed expeditious environment-friendly hydrolysis of carboxylic acid esters under microwave irradiation
Authors: Li Zheng , Liu Jing , Gong Xue , Mao Xuerong , Sun Xiunan , Zhao Zhouxing
Published: October 2008

Silica sulfuric acid was found to be an efficient, recoverable, reusable and environment-friendly catalyst for the fast hydrolysis of various carboxylic acid esters in high conversions and selectivities under microwave irradiation conditions. This protocol has the advantages of no corrosion, no environmental pollution, high reaction rate, high yield, and simple work-up procedure.
Investigation of 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole azodye derivatives as reagents for determination of mercury(II)
Authors: Khedr Abdalla
Published: October 2008

The reaction of mercury(II) with 3-(2,4-dihydroxyphen-1-ylazo)-1,2,4-triazole (HL1), 3-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphen-1-ylazo)-1,2,4-triazole (HL2), 3-(2-hydroxy-5-ethoxycarbonylphen-1-ylazo)-1,2,4-triazole (HL3), 3-(2-hydroxy-5-acetylphen-1-ylazo)-1,2,4-triazole (HL4), 3-(2-hydroxy-5-formylphen-1-ylazo)-1,2,4-triazole (HL5), and 3-(2-hydroxy-5-bromophen-1-ylazo)-1,2,4-triazole (HL6) was studied. A new, direct, and simple procedure was suggested for the spectrophotometric determination of mercury(II) based on its complexation reaction with HL1-HL6. The best reagent was found to be HL3 due to its high sensitivity and selectivity. In aqueous media of pH 9.0 containing 40 vol. % of methanol, Hg(II) reacts with HL3 to form a 1:2 (Hg(II) · HL3) complex having a sensitive absorption peak at 490 nm with the molar extinction coefficient of 3.31 × 104 L mol−1 cm−1 using 4 × 10−4 M of the reagent. Beer’s law is obeyed over the range from 0.00 µg mL−1 to 12.04 µg mL−1 of mercury(II). The proposed method was applied in the determination of mercury(II) in tap water, seawater and synthetic seawater samples, without the need of prior treatment, with satisfactory results.
Prediction of anti-HIV activity and cytotoxicity of pyrimidinyl and triazinyl amines: A QSAR study
Authors: Ravichandran Veerasamy , Jain Abhishek , Mourya Vishnukanth , Agrawal Ram
Published: October 2008

A QSAR study on a series of pyrimidinyl and triazinyl amines was performed to explore the physico-chemical parameters responsible for their anti-HIV activity and cytotoxicity. Physico-chemical parameters were calculated using WIN CAChe 6.1. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was carried out to derive QSAR models which were further evaluated for statistical significance and predictive power by internal and external validation. The selected best QSAR models showed correlation coefficient R of 0.914 and 0.901, and cross-validated squared correlation coefficient Q 2 of 0.685 and 0.691 for anti-HIV activity and cytotoxicity, respectively. The developed significant QSAR model indicates that hydrophobicity of the whole molecule plays an important role in the anti-HIV activity and cytotoxicity of pyrimidinyl and triazinyl amine derivatives. When hydrophobicity is increased, anti-HIV activity of the present series of compounds is decreased leading to high cytotoxicity.
Electrospray ionization mass spectra of pentoses, hexoses, and 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-d-glucose
Authors: Brúder Peter , Macášek Fedor , Búriová Emília
Published: October 2008

Electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectra of hexoses, pentoses, and 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-d-glucose (FDG) were investigated and compared using liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy (LC/MS). 18F-FDG is one of the most widely used radiopharmaceuticals. This work is aimed at the possible interpretations of ESI mass spectra and at the comparison of various pentoses (arabinose, ribose, xylose), and hexoses (glucose, fructose, galactose, mannose) which can be formed during the 18F-FDG’s synthesis or decomposition. As a result, nine major associates were found in the positive and four in the negative mass spectra of all examined saccharides of which intensities and mass can be used with their retention times to determine the saccharide. M · NH4+ and M · COOH− were identified as the most stable associates.
Rhizopus stolonifer LAU 07: a novel source of fructosyltransferase
Authors: Lateef Agbaje , Oloke Julius , Gueguim Kana Evariste , Oyeniyi Solomon , Onifade Olukemi , Oyeleye Ayokunmi , Oladosu Olabiyi
Published: October 2008

Increasing awareness of the importance of fructooligosaccharides (FOS) as ingredients of functional foods has led to intensive search of new sources of fructosyltransferases (FTase), enzymes responsible for the conversion of sucrose to fructooligosaccharides. A local strain of Rhizopus stolonifer isolated from spoilt orange fruit with high fructosyltransferase activity (U t) of 12.31–45.70 U mL−1 during a fermentation period of 24–120 h is herein reported. It showed low hydrolytic activity (U h) in the range of 0.86–1.78 U mL−1 during the same period. FOS yield of 34 % (1-kestose, GF2, nystose, GF3) was produced by FTase obtained from a 72 h-old culture using 60 g of sucrose per 100 mL of the substrate. When the isolate was grown in a defined submerged medium, its pH dropped sharply from the intial value of 5.5 to 1.0 within 24 h, and this value was maintained throughout the fermentation. The biomass content ranged from 8.8 g L−1 at 24 h of fermentation to reach the maximum of 10 g L−1 at 72 h. It was reduced to 5.6 g L−1 at the end of 120 h of fermentation. This report represents the first reference to a strain of Rhizopus as a source of FTase for the production of FOS. The high U t/U h ratio shown by this isolate indicates that it may be a good strain for the industrial and commercial production of FOS. However, there is a need of further optimization of the bioprocess to increase the conversion efficiency of sucrose to FOS by the enzyme.