bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intracranial recording in patients with aphasia using nanomaterial-based flexible electronics: promises and challenges
Authors: Wang Qingchun , Siok Wai Ting
Published: April 2021

In recent years, researchers have studied how nanotechnology could enhance neuroimaging techniques. The application of nanomaterial-based flexible electronics has the potential to advance conventional intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) by utilising brain-compatible soft nanomaterials. The resultant technique has significantly high spatial and temporal resolution, both of which enhance the localisation of brain functions and the mapping of dynamic language processing. This review presents findings on aphasia, an impairment in language and communication, and discusses how different brain imaging techniques, including positron emission tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and iEEG, have advanced our understanding of the neural networks underlying language and reading processing. We then outline the strengths and weaknesses of iEEG in studying human cognition and the development of intracranial recordings that use brain-compatible flexible electrodes. We close by discussing the potential advantages and challenges of future investigations adopting nanomaterial-based flexible electronics for intracranial recording in patients with aphasia.
Chiral isothiourea-catalyzed kinetic resolution of 4-hydroxy[2.2]paracyclophane
Authors: Weinzierl David , Waser Mario
Published: April 2021

We herein report a method for the kinetic resolution of racemic 4-hydroxy[2.2]paracyclophane by means of a chiral isothiourea-catalyzed acylation with isobutyric anhydride. This protocol allows for a reasonable synthetically useful s-factor of 20 and provides a novel entry to obtain this interesting planar chiral motive in an enantioenriched manner.
Semantic scripts of language and culture: “Sacred signs” by N. Roerich and the issue of sense increasing
Authors: Cherkashina Tatiana T. , Novikova Natalia S.
Published: April 2021

The article considers repetition as a stylistic category focusing on the flexible use of repetitions by N. Roerich. The authors note that, arising as repetitions of the semes when using words from the same semantic field in the text, the repetitions form the core and peripheral parts, which casts doubt on the established hypothesis that they naturally complicate understanding of the text due to slowing down the movement of narrative. The study proves that, on the contrary, repetitions due to increased expressiveness and rhythmic tension make the text dynamic, somewhat impulsive, convexly expressing “counterpoint” style of the writer. The authors analyzed a number of works by N. Roerich, which allowed to conclude that repetitions, representing a conscious lexico-stylistic choice of a writer, become not only author’s means of transmitting informational content of a text, but also emotionally expressive, semantic clips of language and culture due to the aesthetic effect they produce. The paper displays various types of repetitions used by N. Roerich in genres of different styles and stylistically versatile. Paying attention to speech figures recognized by traditional rhetoric, in which repetitions are positionally fixed, we detected in N. Roerich`s works the other, not always positionally fixed repetitions — repetitions of words, repetitions of themes and repetitions of the semes. In this regard, the researchers attempt to explain the linguoculturological idea, philosophical reason for the occurrence of repetitions of this and that in the text in N. Roerich's works. The paper points out that special energy of the text that arises during repetition, bilateral tension-pressure of repeated text elements generates special attention to their semantic roll-over and, what is important, to the distant, semantic interdiscursive interaction of the “sacred” signs-symbols of N. Roerich. The fact of the increment of meaning due to the use of words from one thematic-situational group in the text refutes the controversy of Roerich's concept and confirms originality of the expression plan. The “sacred” signs of N. Roerich as semantic bonds are determined by a deep philosophical meaning due to the methods of contrast and numerous repetitions.
Photography as a means of building personal identity in the space of social networks
Authors: Blagorodova Elena A. , Braerskaya Anastasia Yu.
Published: April 2021

The paper examines the issue of self-determination in the context of social networks. The works of E. Erickson, I. Hoffman, Z. Bauman serve as its theoretical basis. Kimberly-Young's methods for determining the level of Internet addiction, as well as D. Russell and M. Ferguson's methods for determining the level of loneliness were chosen as its empirical base. In addition, the study involves a qualitative analysis of the profiles on the Instagram network. It showed that photographic content filling is used by modern users as a platform for constructing identities, where everyday life`s reflection is transformed, subject to a certain lifestyle (achieving recognition, success). Thus, we are dealing with a framed switched reality that intensively affects primary frame system of a social subject. Personal page of the account serves as a stage for displaying certain roles, demonstrating to the “Other” their life in terms of both significant events and routine everyday practices. The reality of everyday life embellished through photography becomes a means of gaining recognition which, in turn, is called to protect individual’s personality from feeling subjective loneliness and represent the illusion of achieving happiness and success in everyday activities. Based on theoretical and practical material, the authors came to the conclusion that “photographic reality” allows you to present your life in a favorable light and focus audience's attention on the happy sides of your everyday life, thereby gaining recognition from the “Other”.
Book series “Life of remarkable people” in the creative biography of the Russian enlightener Ya. V. Abramov
Authors: Golovko Vyacheslav M.
Published: April 2021

The paper discusses the role of the ideologist of cultural movement in the reformist populism of the 1880s – 1890s, enlightener and writer Ya. V. Abramov in the context of creation of the book series “Life of remarkable people. Biographical library of F. Pavlenkovˮ. Its educational concept and democratic character are largely determined by Abramov’s social and worldview intentions — ideological inspirer of so-called “going to the people”, “going to great cultural work”, who saw the goals of such work in releasing “constrained forces and abilities of the Russian folk spirit”, supporting the “mental activity of the Russian people”, in promoting its “generation of new forms of life”. The author suggests a hypothesis, according to which the ideological genesis of the series is contained in Abramov’s short story “The Philistine Thinker” (1881), where the idea on the educational significance of the biographies of prominent people, “benefactors of mankind” was first expressed. The paper traces affinity between updating the genre of popular scientific biographies of “great people” and the educational tasks of Abramov and Pavlenkov and highlights the role of “instructive biographies” of Abramov in creating the genre type of documentary and fiction books that synthesize the qualities of “contextual biography” and “biography of the hermeneutic model”. The classic exemplarity of Abramov’s books is determined by the genre-conditioning and structure-forming function of the concept of personality; a synthesis of artistry and journalism, documentary and imagery; principles of artistic typing when working with documentary material; actualization of genre dominants (biography-life description, biography-research, biography-portrait, etc.); the poetics of narrative, objectivizing the aesthetic nature of author's subjectivity.
Measuring The Impact of Credit on The Welfare of Rural Farmers in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
Authors: Etim Nsikak-Abasi , Edet Glory
Published: April 2021

Majority of the poor in Nigeria lack access to basic financial services which are a sine qua non for improved livelihood. In most cases, they are often excluded from formal opportunities for financial services leaving them only with informal alternatives. But credit availability to the poor in the rural areas is critical to reducing poverty. An empirical study was conducted to measure the impact of agricultural credit of the welfare of farmers. Multistage sampling procedure was employed to select the farmers. Questionnaires were employed to collect data. Multiple regression analysis and chow test were for analyses. Results revealed that the mean age and years of education of farmers were 12 and 31 years respectively. Findings also showed that the most critical factors impacting the welfare of farmers were marital status, marriage type, educational level, farm size, off-farm income, labour, type of enterprise, labour and access to modern farming inputs. Policies to encourage human capital development of rural farmers would be a rational decision.
SUBJECTS OF CASSATION APPEAL IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS
Authors: Гаврилов М.А.
Published: April 2021

Введение: в статье исследуется круг субъектов обжалования судебных решений по уголовным делам в кассационном порядке.
Материалы и методы: при подготовке исследования применялись общенаучные методы познания, а также специальные методы: сравнительно-правовой, системно-структурный, обобщения судебной практики.
Результаты исследования: выявлены отдельные ситуации, которые требуют уточнения, в частности, расширения круга субъектов кассационного обжалования в уголовном судопроизводстве; сформулированы отдельные предложения в этом направлении.
Обсуждение и заключения: в числе лиц, имеющих право кассационного обжалования судебных решений по уголовным делам в кассационном порядке, предложено отдельно выделить правопреемников умершего подозреваемого, обвиняемого, осужденного.
INFORMATION SUPPORT FOR DIAGNOSTICS OF INSOLVENCY AND ILLEGAL ACTIONS IN BANKRUPTCY
Authors: Коноваленко С.А. , Трофимов М.Н.
Published: April 2021

Введение: статья посвящена анализу информационного обеспечения при проведении документального исследования по делам криминальных банкротств.
Материалы и методы: теоретической и методологической основой исследования явились работы как российских, так и зарубежных специалистов в области судебно-экспертной деятельности, система нормативных документов по теме исследования, а также материалы научных исследований ведущих ученых-правоведов и экономистов.
Основными методами исследования, использованными при написании работы, стали методы наблюдения, сравнения, индукции, дедукции и монографический (описательный).
Результаты исследования: в статье исследуются особенности подтверждения достоверности форм бухгалтерской отчетности, рассматриваются алгоритмы документального исследования при доказывании фиктивных и преднамеренных банкротств, а также анализируются сложные и проблемные моменты документального исследования противоправных действий при банкротстве. Особый акцент сделан на наиболее сложной, по мнению авторов статьи, проблеме достоверности подтверждения бухгалтерской отчетности.
Обсуждение и заключения: анализ информационного обеспечения диагностики несостоятельности и неправомерных действий при банкротстве свидетельствует, что информационная база исследования включает в себя следующие источники экономически значимой информации: нормативно-справочную информацию; системную учетную и внеучетную информацию. Системная учетная информация является основным источником для документальных исследований криминальных банкротств. При этом системные источники совпадают с объектами документального исследования. Главенствующее положение в составе системной учетной информации занимает бухгалтерская отчетность. Типовые схемы, связанные с криминальным банкротством, должны включать досконально продуманный алгоритм документального исследования. Авторами доказывается, что применение разработанного ими алгоритма документального исследования повысит эффективность информационного обеспечения по делам о криминальных банкротствах.
CRIMINOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTIC OF AGLOMERATION AS AN ENVIRONMENT FOR CORRUPTION
Authors: Ахунов Д.Р.
Published: April 2021

Введение: статья посвящена анализу коррупционных криминогенных особенностей агломераций. Их исследование обусловлено потребностью более глубокого познания коррупции в целом и её преступных проявлений, а также особой значимостью вопросов детерминации коррупционных проявлений на уровне регионов и борьбы с коррупционной преступностью на территориях расположения агломераций.
Материалы и методы: при написании статьи были использованы работы отечественных ученых – специалистов по криминологии, преимущественно региональной. Кроме того, в ходе исследования изучены работы по региональной экономике, а также экономической, социальной и политической географии, посвященные комплексным процессам агломерирования и особенностям агломераций. Применялись общенаучные и частнонаучные методы исследования, которые позволили проанализировать и обобщить собранные автором материалы из различных источников, относящиеся к предмету исследования. Были сформулированы соответствующие выводы по результатам исследования и выдвинуты новые предложения, имеющие значение для улучшения коррупционной обстановки на исследуемых территориях.
Результаты исследования: описаны характерные особенности агломераций как специфичных систем расселения людей. Дана криминологическая характеристика агломерации как среды продуцирования коррупции. Предлагается авторское определение агломерации, требующее законодательного закрепления на федеральном уровне.
Обсуждения и заключения: автор приходит к выводу о наличии криминогенных, в том числе коррупционных, факторов в развитии агломераций Российской Федерации, что вызывает необходимость более активного вмешательства государства и общества в процессы агломерирования территорий, потребность планирования, реформирования и социального контроля данных процессов.
CERTAIN MODERN DETERMINANTS OF THE SHADOW ECONOMY ESCALATION IN THE LIGHT OF THE CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC
Authors: Коробов А.А.
Published: April 2021

Введение: статья посвящена рассмотрению экономических, уголовно-правовых и криминалистических аспектов эскалации теневой экономики в период пандемии коронавируса.
Материалы и методы: материальную основу исследования составили федеральные законы, Уголовный кодекс РФ, отчеты подразделений кибербезопасности ЦБ РФ, а также исследования автора по проблемам противодействия экономическим преступлениям, финансированию терроризма и экстремизма.
В качестве теоретико-методологической основы статьи послужили универсальные научные принципы диалектической методологии познания. В работе использовались структурно-системный, статистический, синергетический методы, призванные способствовать комплексному рассмотрению феномена и детерминант эскалации теневой экономики на современном этапе развития общества.
Результаты исследования: в статье исследованы ключевые факторы, способствующие эскалации теневой экономики. Автор утверждает, что в настоящее время наблюдается стремительный рост хищений денежных средств при помощи социальной инженерии, интернет-банкинга, фальсификации медицинской техники и медикаментов. Особый акцент сделан на возможном использовании ситуации неопределенности организованными преступными группами в целях усиления их позиций в обществе.
Обсуждение и заключения: в статье делается вывод о стратегических направлениях в борьбе с преступлениями экономической направленности в период пандемии и по ее завершении, реализация которых может активно противодействовать эскалации теневой экономики.
PUBLIC CONTROL ACTIVITIES IN THE TATAR AUTONOMOUS SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLIC IN 1920 – 1934
Authors: Марасов Ю.Г.
Published: April 2021

Введение: статья посвящена вопросам становления и развития института общественного контроля в Татарской АССР в 1920 – 1934 гг.
Материалы и методы: методологическую основу исследования составили как общенаучные, так и специальные методы познания: диалектический, сравнительно-правовой, хронологический, ретроспективный, герменевтический. Автором изучены и проанализированы неопубликованные документы Государственного архива Республики Татарстан, научные работы ученых, а также нормативные акты, действовавшие в рассматриваемый период.
Результаты исследования: в статье рассмотрены такие формы контроля, как Рабоче-крестьянская инспекция (далее – РКИ), ячейки содействия РКИ, движение рабочих и сельских корреспондентов, временные рабочие контрольные комиссии, секции РКИ при Советах депутатов трудящихся, «легкая кавалерия», шефство рабочих над учреждениями, соцсовместительство.
Обсуждение и заключения: в работе обосновывается вывод, согласно которому в рассматриваемый исторический период участие граждан в осуществлении контроля за деятельностью советского государственного аппарата носило значительный характер и оказывало на органы управления большое влияние.
IMPROVING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE RESPONSE TO MASS RIOTS
Authors: Хабибуллин Л.Р.
Published: April 2021

Введение: в статье рассматриваются вопросы повышения эффективности уголовно-правовой борьбы с массовыми беспорядками.
Материалы и методы: материалом исследования послужило современное уголовное законодательство России, в работе использованы общенаучные методы исследования: анализ, синтез, сравнение и др.
Результаты исследования: автором проанализированы основные пути возможного повышения эффективности уголовно-правового противодействия массовым беспорядкам, в том числе законодательное закрепление трактовки самого понятия «массовые беспорядки».
Обсуждение и заключения: сформулированы рекомендации по наиболее эффективному применению уголовно-правовой нормы, связанной с противодействием массовым беспорядкам.
Farklı Dozlarda Intraperitoneal 5-Fluorouracil Kullanımının Deneysel Intestinal Anastomozların İyileşme Süresi Üzerine Etkileri
Authors: YARDIMCI Veysi Hakan
Published: April 2021

Amaç: Kolorektal cerrahinin en önemli komplikasyonu anastomoz ayrılması veya kaçaktır. Lokal ve sistemik pek çok faktörün kolon anastomozlarının iyileşme sürecinde ve anastomoz kaçaklarının oluşmasında etkili olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu faktörlerden bir tanesi de kemoterapidir. Gastrointestinal sistem kanserlerinde başarılı sonuçlar alabilmek için cerrahi yöntem ile kemoterapi ve radyoterapi arasındaki hassas dengeyi bulabilmek şarttır.Yöntem: Çalışmada gastrointestinal sistem (GİS) kanserlerinde en çok kullanılan sitostatik 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) intraperitoneal uygulanması araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla 42 adet Wistar Albino cinsi dişi sıçan her biri eşit sayıda denek içeren kontrol grubu (Intraperitoneal NaCl), tek doz 5-Fluorouracil grubu (Intraperitoneal 20 mg/kg/gün 5-FU) ve multipl doz 5-Fluorouracil grubu (Intraperitoneal 20 mg/kg/gün 5-FU 3 gün art arda) olmak üzere üç ana gruba ayrılmıştır. Her ana gruptaki 14 deneğin yarısı 3. günde, diğer yarısı ise 7. günde sakrifiye edilerek alt gruplar elde edilmiştir. 5-FU'in yan etkilerini incelemek amacıyla lökosit ve albümin değerleri araştırılmıştır. Anastomoz iyileşmesinin gruplar arasındaki farklılıklarını değerlendirmek için ise patlama basıncı, hidroksiprolin düzeyi ve histopatolojik parametreler kullanılmıştır.Bulgular: Cerrahi girişim sonrası batın içi yapışıklıklar açısından 5-FU uygulamasının kontrol grubu ile karşılaştırılmasında istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı fark bulunmadı (p> 0,05). Albümin ve lökosit değerlerinde; kontrol gruplarına göre 5-FU kullanılan gruplarda istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düşük sonuçlar elde edildi (p<0,05). Anastomoz iyileşmesinin değerlendirilmesinde patlama basıncı, histopatolojik inceleme sonuçları multipl doz 5-FU kullanılan gruplarda tek doz 5-FU ve kontrol gruplarına göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düşük skorlar gösterdi (p<0,05).Sonuç: Erken postoperatif dönemde başlanan multipl olarak verilen yüksek doz intraperitoneal 5-FU tedavisinin anastomoz iyileşmesini geciktirerek negatif etki gösterdiği, buna karşın sınırlı dozlarda uygulanan intraperitoneal 5-FU'in anastomoz iyileşmesi üzerinde hiçbir negatif etki göstermeyip kontrol grupları ile paralel iyileşme gösterdiği yönündedir. Deneysel çalışmadan elde edilen bu veriler ışığında; klinik uygulamada şimdiye kadar korkulan ve geç başlanan kemoterapinin, sınırlı dozlarda erken postoperatif dönemde de kullanım alanı bulabileceği söylenebilir.
Sağlıklı Genç Bireylerde Kognitif Görevle Yapılan Egzersizlerin Kognitif Fonksiyonlara, Duygu Durumuna ve Yaşam Kalitesine Etkisi
Authors: YENİÇERİ Fatma Eda , BUDAK Miray
Published: April 2021

Amaç: Günümüzde artan teknolojiyle birlikte sağlıklı genç bireylerde, fiziksel aktivite düzeylerindeki azalmadan kaynaklı, kognitif durumlarında bozulma, duygu durumlarında değişiklikler ve yaşam kalitelerinde azalma görülmektedir. Kognitif görevle yapılan egzersizler bireylerin sağlık koşullarını iyileştirmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı sağlıklı genç bireylerde kognitif görevle yapılan denge egzersizlerinin, kognitif durum, duygu durumu ve yaşam kalitesine etkilerini incelemektir. Yöntem: Bu çalışmaya dâhil edilme kriterlerini sağlayan 18-30 yaş aralığındaki 50 sağlıklı genç birey dâhil edildi. Bireyler randomize olarak kognitif görevli egzersiz (Grup 1) (n=25) ve sadece egzersiz (Grup 2) (n=25) grubuna ayrıldı. Bireylere günde 1 seans, haftada 3 gün olmak üzere 6 hafta boyunca egzersiz verildi. Grup 1’e aerobik egzersiz ve denge egzersizlerine ilaveten kognitif görev verildi. Grup 2’deki bireylere sadece aerobik egzersiz ve denge egzersizleri yaptırıldı. Bireyler uygulama öncesinde ve bitiminde kognitif durum (Stroop Testi, Sözel Akıcılık Testi, Sayı Menzili Testi), duygu durumu (Depresyon Anksiyete Stres Ölçeği (DASÖ)) ve yaşam kalitesi (Kısa Form 36 (SF-36)) değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Egzersiz sonrası değerlendirmelerde Grup 1’de tüm kognitif testlerde ve SF-36 mental sağlık alt parametresinde, Grup 2’de tüm kognitif testlerde ve DASÖ depresyon alt parametresinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark bulundu (p<0,05). Gruplar arası değerlendirmede kognitif testlerden sözel akıcılık testinde ve SF-36 mental sağlık alt parametresinde Grup 1 lehine istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark bulundu (p<0,05). Sonuç: Sağlıklı genç bireylerde, hem sadece egzersiz hem de kognitif görevle yapılan egzersizlerin kognitif fonksiyonlar üzerinde etkili olduğu görüldü. Kognitif görevle yapılan egzersizlerin sağlıklı genç bireylerin kognitif durum ve yaşam kaliteleri üzerinde etkili olduğu sonucuna ulaşıldı. Uygulanan egzersizlerin sağlıklı genç bireylerde özellikle kognisyon ve duygu durumu üzerine etkisinin daha iyi anlaşılabilmesi için, objektif nitelikteki çalışmalara ihtiyaç duyulduğu düşünülmektedir.
A Ház-projekt
Authors: Holota Gábor
Published: April 2021

The author provides an overview of the activities of the regional platform for the coordination of major events security research in Europe, funded by the European Commission and coordinated by United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Institute.
A gyülekezési jog hatása a rendőri intézkedésekre, a változtatások indokai
Authors: Merkl Zoltán
Published: April 2021

The author provides an overview on how changes in the law pertaining to freedom of assembly has altered the landscape for police activities.
Új politikák a drogjelenség kezelésében, kitekintéssel az alkoholra
Authors: Sivadó Máté
Published: April 2021

The author provides a comparative overview of current developments in drug- and alcoholism policies.
Validation of the Gaia Early Data Release 3 Parallax Zero-point Model with Asteroseismology
Authors: Zinn Joel C.
Published: April 2021

Gaia Early Data Release 3 (EDR3) provides trigonometric parallaxes for 1.5 billion stars, with reduced systematics compared to Gaia Data Release 2 and reported precisions better by up to a factor of 2. New to EDR3 is a tentative model for correcting the parallaxes of magnitude-, position-, and color-dependent systematics for five- and six-parameter astrometric solutions, Z
5 and Z
6. Using a sample of over 2000 first-ascent red giant branch stars with asteroseismic parallaxes, I perform an independent check of the Z
5 model in a Gaia magnitude range of 9 ≲ G ≲ 13 and color range of 1.4 μm−1 ≲ ν
eff ≲ 1.5 μm−1. This analysis therefore bridges the Gaia team’s consistency check of Z
5 for G > 13 and indications from independent analysis using Cepheids of a ≈15 μas overcorrection for G < 11. I find overcorrection sets in at G ≲ 10.8, such that Z
5-corrected EDR3 parallaxes are larger than asteroseismic parallaxes by 15 ± 3 μas. For G ≳ 10.8, EDR3 and asteroseismic parallaxes in the Kepler field agree up to a constant consistent with expected spatial variations in EDR3 parallaxes after a linear, color-dependent adjustment. I also infer an average underestimation of EDR3 parallax uncertainties in the sample of 22% ± 6%, consistent with the Gaia team’s estimates at similar magnitudes and independent analysis using wide binaries. Finally, I extend the Gaia team’s parallax spatial covariance model to brighter magnitudes (G < 13) and smaller scales (down to ≈0.°1), where systematic EDR3 parallax uncertainties are at least ≈3–4 μas.
K2-138 g: Spitzer Spots a Sixth Planet for the Citizen Science System
Authors: Hardegree-Ullman Kevin K. , Christiansen Jessie L. , Ciardi David R. , Crossfield Ian J. M. , Dressing Courtney D. , Livingston John H. , Volk Kathryn , Agol Eric , Barclay Thomas , Barentsen Geert , Benneke Björn , Gorjian Varoujan , Kristiansen Martti H.
Published: April 2021

K2 greatly extended Kepler’s ability to find new planets, but it was typically limited to identifying transiting planets with orbital periods below 40 days. While analyzing K2 data through the Exoplanet Explorers project, citizen scientists helped discover one super-Earth and four sub-Neptune sized planets in the relatively bright (V = 12.21, K = 10.3) K2-138 system, all which orbit near 3:2 mean-motion resonances. The K2 light curve showed two additional transit events consistent with a sixth planet. Using Spitzer photometry, we validate the sixth planet’s orbital period of 41.966 ± 0.006 days and measure a radius of

, solidifying K2-138 as the K2 system with the most currently known planets. There is a sizeable gap between the outer two planets, since the fifth planet in the system, K2-138 f, orbits at 12.76 days. We explore the possibility of additional nontransiting planets in the gap between f and g. Due to the relative brightness of the K2-138 host star, and the near resonance of the inner planets, K2-138 could be a key benchmark system for both radial velocity and transit-timing variation mass measurements, and indeed radial velocity masses for the inner four planets have already been obtained. With its five sub-Neptunes and one super-Earth, the K2-138 system provides a unique test bed for comparative atmospheric studies of warm to temperate planets of similar size, dynamical studies of near-resonant planets, and models of planet formation and migration.
Testing the Jeans, Toomre, and Bonnor–Ebert Concepts for Planetesimal Formation: 3D Streaming-instability Simulations of Diffusion-regulated Formation of Planetesimals
Authors: Klahr Hubert , Schreiber Andreas
Published: April 2021

We perform streaming-instability simulations at Hill density and beyond to demonstrate that planetesimal formation is not completed when pebble accumulations exceed the local Hill density. We find that Hill density is not a sufficient criterion for further gravitational collapse of a pebble cloud into a planetesimal, but that additionally the accumulated mass has to be large enough to overcome turbulent diffusion. A Toomre analysis of the system indicates that linear self-gravity modes play no role on the scale of our numerical simulation. We nevertheless find that self-gravity, by vertically contracting the pebble layer, increases the strength of turbulence, which is either an indication of Kelvin–Helmholtz instability or a boost of the streaming instability. We furthermore determine the Bonnor–Ebert central density to which a pebble cloud of a given mass has to be compressed before it would be able to continue contraction against internal diffusion. As the equivalent “solid body” size of the pebble cloud scales with the central density to the power of −1/6, it is much easier to have a pebble cloud of 100 km equivalent size to collapse than one of 10 km for the same level of turbulent diffusion. This can explain the lack of small bodies in the solar system and predicts small objects will form at large pebble-to-gas ratios, so either in the outskirts of the solar nebula or at late times of generally reduced gas mass.
The Hawaii Infrared Parallax Program. V. New T-dwarf Members and Candidate Members of Nearby Young Moving Groups
Authors: Zhang 张周 Zhoujian 健 , Liu Michael C. , Best William M. J. , Dupuy Trent J. , Siverd Robert J.
Published: April 2021

We present a search for new planetary-mass members of nearby young moving groups (YMGs) using astrometry for 694 T and Y dwarfs, including 447 objects with parallaxes, mostly produced by recent large parallax programs from UKIRT and Spitzer. Using the BANYAN Σ and LACEwING algorithms, we identify 30 new candidate YMG members, with spectral types of T0–T9 and distances of 10–43 pc. Some candidates have unusually red colors and/or faint absolute magnitudes compared to field dwarfs with similar spectral types, providing supporting evidence for their youth, including four early-T dwarfs. We establish one of these, the variable T1.5 dwarf 2MASS J21392676+0220226, as a new planetary-mass member (

M
Jup) of the Carina-Near group (200 ± 50 Myr) based on its full six-dimensional kinematics, including a new parallax measurement from CFHT. The high-amplitude variability of this object is suggestive of a young age, given the coexistence of variability and youth seen in previously known YMG T dwarfs. Our four latest-type (T8–T9) YMG candidates, WISE J031624.35+430709.1, ULAS J130217.21+130851.2, WISEPC J225540.74–311841.8, and WISE J233226.49–432510.6, if confirmed, will be the first free-floating planets (≈2–6 M
Jup) whose ages and luminosities are compatible with both hot-start and cold-start evolutionary models, and thus overlap with the properties of the directly imaged planet 51 Eri b. Several of our early/mid-T candidates have peculiar near-infrared spectra, indicative of heterogenous photospheres or unresolved binarity. Radial velocity measurements needed for final membership assessment for most of our candidates await upcoming 20–30 m class telescopes. In addition, we compile all 15 known T7–Y1 benchmarks and derive a homogeneous set of their effective temperatures, surface gravities, radii, and masses.
Mass Ejection in Failed Supernovae: Equation of State and Neutrino Loss Dependence
Authors: Ivanov Mario , Fernández Rodrigo
Published: April 2021

A failed core-collapse supernova from a nonrotating progenitor can eject mass due to a weakening of gravity associated with neutrino emission from the protoneutron star. This mechanism yields observable transients and sets an upper limit on the mass of the black hole (BH) remnant. Previous global simulations of this mechanism have included neutrino losses parametrically, however, with direct implications for the ejecta mass and energy. Here we evolve the inner supernova core with a spherically symmetric, general-relativistic neutrino radiation-hydrodynamic code until BH formation. We then use the result in a Newtonian code that follows the response of the outer layers of the star to the change in gravity and resolves the surface pressure scale height. We find that the dense-matter equation of state (EOS) can introduce a factor of ∼2 variation in gravitational mass lost to neutrinos, with a stiff EOS matching previous parametric results and a soft EOS yielding lower ejecta masses and energies by a factor of several. This difference is caused primarily by the longer time to BH formation in stiffer EOSs. With a soft EOS, our red and yellow supergiant progenitors fail to unbind mass if hydrogen recombination energy is not included. Using a linear ramp in time for mass-energy lost to neutrinos (with suitable parameters) yields a stellar response within ∼10% of that obtained using the detailed history of neutrino losses. Our results imply quantitative but not qualitative modifications to previous predictions for shock breakout, plateau emission, and final BH masses from these events.
Downstream Depolarization in the Sausage Relic: A 1–4 GHz Very Large Array Study
Authors: Di Gennaro G. , van Weeren R. J. , Rudnick L. , Hoeft M. , Brüggen M. , Ryu Dongsu , Röttgering H. J. A. , Forman W. , Stroe A. , Shimwell T. W. , Kraft R. P. , Jones C. , Hoang D. N.
Published: April 2021

Radio relics are elongated sources related to shocks driven by galaxy cluster merger events. Although these objects are highly polarized at GHz frequencies (≳20%), high-resolution studies of their polarization properties are still lacking. We present the first high-resolution and high-sensitivity polarimetry study of the merging galaxy cluster CIZA J2242.8+5301 in the 1–4 GHz frequency band. We use the QU-fitting approach to model the Stokes I, Q, and U emission, obtaining best-fit intrinsic polarization fraction (p
0), intrinsic polarization angle (χ
0), rotation measure (RM), and wavelength-dependent depolarization (σ
RM) maps of the cluster. Our analysis focuses on the northern relic (RN). For the first time in a radio relic, we observe a decreasing polarization fraction in the downstream region. Our findings are possibly explained by geometrical projections and/or by decreasing of the magnetic field anisotropy toward the cluster center. From the amount of depolarization of the only detected background radio galaxy, we estimate a turbulent magnetic field strength of B
turb ∼ 5.6 μG in the relic. Finally, we observe RM fluctuations of about 30 rad m−2 around the median value of 140.8 rad m−2 at the relic position.
The Rapid Far-ultraviolet Variability of Maia Recorded by IUE
Authors: Monier Richard
Published: April 2021

Evidence is presented that the far ultraviolet flux of Maia recorded by the International Ultraviolet Explorer is variable over a timescale of a few hours. In contrast, the radial velocity of the Si ii doublet near 1530 Å does not vary on short timescales.
Transit Analysis of HATS-4 b by Citizen Scientists
Authors: Nair Sujay , Scolari Caroline , Kelath Jay , Rammohan Aishwarya , Ozer Richard , Ng Gloria , Chang Wesley , Boyce Pat
Published: April 2021

Exoplanets are planets that orbit stars other than our Sun, and the most common way of detecting them is by the transit method. This method consists of plotting the relative brightness of the exoplanets host star against a comparison star to make what is known as a light curve. Periodic dips in the light curve could correspond to the exoplanet coming in front of its host star, and blocking some of its light. One time of great importance to constantly keep up to date is the exoplanets mid-transit time. The mid-transit time is the time in which the exoplanet is in the middle of its transit; however, the problem with this value is that it changes over many periods due to the uncertainty in the period of the planet. Thus, it is important to update transit timings as incorrect timings can hinder observations from expensive telescopes. Crowdsourcing exoplanet transit analysis is a great opportunity to help these large telescopes and get the community involved in exoplanet research. In this study, six citizen scientists from the East Bay Astronomical Society (EAS) performed a transit analysis of HATS-4 b using the Exoplanet Transit Interpretation Code (EXOTIC). Using newly calculated mid-transit times, we were able to see how off the expected mid-transit time based on the existing mid-transit time on the NASA Exoplanet Archive was by calculating the phase difference.
Extending a Grid of Hydrodynamic Planetary Upper Atmosphere Models
Authors: Kubyshkina Daria I. , Fossati Luca
Published: April 2021

In this research note, we outline the extension of the grid of upper atmosphere models first presented in Kubyshkina et al. The original grid is based on a 1D hydrodynamic model and consists of about 7000 models covering planets of a size ranging from that of Earth to twice that of Neptune at orbits corresponding to equilibrium temperatures between 300 and 2000 K around solar-like (0.4 to 1.3 solar mass) stars. The extended and revised grid of models consists of 10,235 points and covers a planetary mass range of up to 109 Earth masses, which allows one to outline the transition between low- and high-gravity hot planets in in short period orbits. We prepared the interpolation tool allowing one to use the grid to define the mass-loss of a planet that falls into the parameter range of the grid. We provide a comparison of our results to common analytical models.
Editorial
Authors: Gütl Christian
Published: April 2021

It gives me a great pleasure to announce the second regular issue of 2021. I want to thank all authors for contributing their sound research and the editorial board for the highly valuable reviews and comments for improvements. These contributions together with the generous support of the consortium members sustain the quality of our journal.

I would still like to expand our editorial board: If you are a tenured Associate Professor or above with a good publication record, please apply to join our editorial board. We are also interested in receiving high quality proposals for special issues covering new topics and emerging trends. Please think of yourself and encourage your colleagues to submit high quality articles to our journal.

In this regular issue, I am very pleased to introduce three accepted papers from three different countries.

Alessia D’Andrea, Maria Chiara Caschera, Fernando Ferri, and Patrizia Grifoni from Italy introduce in their research MuBeFE, a Multimodal Behavioural Features Extraction Method based on Hidden Markov Models, which allows to extract information such as communicative intention, the social style and personality traits. Güldem Alev Özkök from Turkey aims in her research to model the process of data visualization (DV) and design to facilitate computational thinking (CT) of secondary- level students. Uyara Ferreira Silva and Deller James Ferreira from Brazil present a systematic literature review based on 400 articles of the literature on productive dialogues and emotional aspects in Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL), and they also address emotional aspects used in debates with conflicting points of view in other contexts.
Two new species of the genus Metapocyrtus Heller, 1912 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae, Pachyrhynchini), subgenus Orthocyrtus Heller, 1912, from Mindanao Island, Philippines
Authors: Cabras Analyn A. , Medina Milton Norman , Bollino Maurizio
Published: April 2021

Two new species of Metapocyrtus Heller, 1912, subgenus Orthocyrtus Heller, 1912 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae, Pachyrhynchini) are described and illustrated from Mindanao Island, Philippines. The species are Metapocyrtus (Orthocyrtus) davaoensissp. nov. and Metapocyrtus (Orthocyrtus) hirakuisp. nov. from Davao City and Bukidnon, respectively. Brief bionomical notes and phenotypic characters compared to their sympatric Entiminae counterparts are also reported. The discovery of M. (O.) davaoensissp. nov. in Davao City confirms how understudied Coleoptera are in Mindanao and underlines the potential for the discovery of new species even in highly urbanized areas.
Hackathons en ville, innovations pour la ville ?
Authors: Ferchaud Flavie
Published: April 2021

Cet article s’intéresse à la relation entre l’innovation collaborative et les dynamiques urbaines à travers le recours, par les collectivités, aux événements de type hackathon . Les hackathons s’inscrivent dans un contexte de transformation de l’action publique urbaine sous l’effet du néolibéralisme urbain et de la diffusion de modèles de ville « intelligente » et « créative ». L’étude d’un hackathon (Gare Remix, Lyon, avril 2015) au prisme de la notion de dispositif permet de souligner ce qui configure les pratiques des participants et ce qui échappe au cadre. Malgré des formes de créativité significatives à l’égard du dispositif, les productions issues du hackathon ne trouvent pas leur place dans l’aménagement de l’espace. Elles apparaissent en décalage, à la fois trop bricolées pour la ville « intelligente » et trop techniques pour l’urbanisme do-it-yourself , ou tactique, dont se réclament pourtant les collectivités aujourd’hui. L’article montre que la portée effective des hackathons se situe finalement à d’autres niveaux : celui des processus de l’action publique urbaine et de sa gouvernance, celui des acteurs privés dans une logique de récupération, celui des participants qui trouvent dans les hackathons des ressources capacitantes (formation, réseautage…).
A new gradient computational formula for optimal control problems with time-delay
Authors: Yu Changjun , Yuan Lei , Su Shuxuan
Published: April 2021

In this paper, we consider a class of time-delay optimal control problem (TDOCP) with canonical equality and inequality constraints. By applying control parameterization method together with time-scaling transformation, a TDOCP can be readily solved by gradient-based optimization methods. The partial derivative of the cost as well as the constraint functions with respect to the decision variables are obtained by variational approach, which is inefficient when the discretization for the control function is relatively dense. For general optimal control problem without time-delay, co-state approach is an effective way to compute the gradients, however, when time-delay is involved in the dynamic system, the co-state system is not known. In this paper, we derive the co-state system for TDOCP to compute the gradients of the cost and constraints. Numerical results show that the computational efficiency is much higher when compared with the traditional variational approach.
L’ardoise de couverture en Anjou au Moyen Âge et à l’époque moderne : l’exemple de la chapelle de la commanderie de Saulgé (Luigné, Maine-et-Loire)
Authors: Hunot Jean-Yves
Published: April 2021

La méthode d’étude mise en place pour étudier les ardoises anciennes a été appliquée aux vestiges découverts dans les reins de voûte de la chapelle à la commanderie de Saulgé. Cette approche, basée sur l’acquisition de caractéristiques dimensionnelles et morphologiques, a permis de décrire ces ardoises de couverture tant dans leur forme que dans leur mode de pose. Ces informations conduisent à restituer une couverture d’ardoises épaisses fixées au clou à joints brouillés et à pureau décroissant. À partir de ces éléments, il a été possible d’estimer la quantité de matériau mis en œuvre à plus de 13 000 ardoises pour une masse proche de 10 tonnes. Ces éléments de l’époque moderne ont été confrontés aux résultats d’autres ensembles issus de contextes angevins entre le xie siècle et le xvie siècle pour être replacés dans une perspective plus longue. Tous ces ensembles soulignent, sur toute la période concernée, la consommation préférentielle d’ardoises de couverture de second choix au sein de l’aire de production ainsi que dans un rayon d’une cinquantaine de kilomètres autour, tandis que les produits de meilleure qualité (plus fins et réguliers) restent réservés au commerce à longue distance.
L’ethos du lutteur
Authors: Rollier Paul
Published: April 2021

Dans cette galerie de portraits de caïds rencontrés à Lahore, au Pakistan, des hors-la-loi, auteurs de crimes graves, s’efforcent de devenir des figures héroïques dans leur quartier, se positionnant parfois comme des médiateurs et redresseurs de torts. Dans un pays où le système judiciaire est souvent inopérant et inaccessible pour les plus pauvres, la réussite d’un tel renversement repose sur la capacité de ces hommes à endosser le rôle de justicier et d’évergète honorable au niveau local. Ce court texte cherche à restituer les stratégies de légitimation déployées par ces caïds et à les replacer dans l’imaginaire collectif de l’héroïsme criminel. Le bandit honorable est dans ce contexte fortement associé, aussi bien par les caïds que par les habitants des quartiers concernés, à la figure du lutteur, figure idéale véhiculant des images de masculinité puissante et de charisme social.
Bandits’ fall from grace
Authors: Vigh Henrik Erdman
Published: April 2021

This article looks at the rise and fall of political legitimacy in Bissau, Guinea-Bissau. Building on long-term fieldwork with impoverished city dwellers, it looks at the legitimacy and sociality surrounding political figures and movements in the country, commencing with the liberation movement (the PAIGC) and ending in the current situation of large-scale drug-trafficking. While the liberation movement was initially portrayed as consisting of noble (Marxist) bandits, the post-independence period has seen the former liberation heroes lose their positive symbolic presence. Established as an alternative to colonial power, the PAIGC fought for the emancipation of the country’s people and the realization of an Afro-Marxist political order emanating from its native population. After independence, however, the validity of the PAIGC’s claim to power started to decay and become distorted. People became disenchanted with politics, which lost its communal esteem. The imagery and discourse surrounding the PAIGC thus changed and the liberation hero’s status moved from that of a social to an anti-social and eventually asocial bandit. The figure became, as such, stripped of its “social” mollifier, leaving behind merely the bandido, to use the Creole term: a predatory figure focussed on individual gain rather than collective well-being.
Experimental and Finite Element Investigations on the Biomechanical Effects of Meniscal Tears in the Knee Joint: A Review
Authors: Devaraj Ashwin Kumar , Acharya Kiran Kumar V , Adhikari Raviraja
Published: April 2021

The knowledge of the complex biomechanical behaviour of the injured knee joints is of paramount importance in various clinical situations. A review of the biomechanical effects of meniscal tears based on experimental and finite element analysis has not been reported in the literature. The objective of this study is to present a review of experimental and finite element investigations on the consequences of meniscal tears such as longitudinal, radial, horizontal cleavage and root tears in the medial and lateral menisci. It is found that larger longitudinal tear in the medial meniscus has a significant impact on the magnitude of strain in the meniscus associated with a dramatic increase in CP in the tibial cartilage. Also, the untreated fragment of the torn meniscus leads to a significant rise in contact pressure in the cartilage resulting in the progressive degeneration of the cartilage surface. The radial tears in the lateral meniscus of more than 66% width and those in the medial meniscus of more than 75% width result in a substantial increase in the contact pressure in the cartilage compared to that in the intact knee joint. The root tears in the menisci demonstrate a significant influence on the biomechanical response of the knee joint. The results of finite element analysis studies are compared with experimental findings. Finally, some recommendations for future work are proposed to predict the realistic biomechanical response of the knee joints with meniscal tears. The results of this study present a rationale that could help surgeons in making clinical decisions when managing patients with meniscal tears.