bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Immobilized TiO2 on glass spheres applied to heterogeneous photocatalysis: photoactivity, leaching and regeneration process
Authors: Cunha Deivisson Lopes , Kuznetsov Alexei , Achete Carlos Alberto , Machado Antonio Eduardo da Hora , Marques Marcia
Published: March 2018

Heterogeneous photocatalysis using titanium dioxide as catalyst is an attractive advanced oxidation process due to its high chemical stability, good performance and low cost. When immobilized in a supporting material, additional benefits are achieved in the treatment. The purpose of this study was to develop a simple protocol for impregnation of TiO2-P25 on borosilicate glass spheres and evaluate its efficiency in the photocatalytic degradation using an oxidizable substrate (methylene blue), in a Compound Parabolic Concentrator (CPC) reactor. The assays were conducted at lab-scale using radiation, which simulated the solar spectrum. TiO2 leaching from the glass and the catalyst regeneration were both demonstrated. A very low leaching ratio (0.03%) was observed after 24 h of treatment, suggesting that deposition of TiO2 resulted in good adhesion and stability of the photocatalyst on the surface of borosilicate. This deposition was successfully achieved after calcination of the photocatalyst at 400 °C (TiO2-400 °C). The TiO2 film was immobilized on glass spheres and the powder was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction and BET. This characterization suggested that thermal treatment did not introduce substantial changes in the measured microstructural characteristics of the photocatalyst. The immobilized photocatalyst degraded more than 96% of the MB in up to 90 min of reaction. The photocatalytic activity decreased after four photocatalytic cycles, but it was recovered by the removal of contaminants adsorbed on the active sites after washing in water under UV-Vis irradiation. Based on these results, the TiO2-400 °C coated on glass spheres is potentially a very attractive option for removal of persistent contaminants present in the environment.
Cellular prion protein and γ-synuclein overexpression in LS 174T colorectal cancer cell drives endothelial proliferation-to-differentiation switch
Authors: Ong Sing-Hui , Goh Kai-Wey , Chieng Cornelius Kwang-Lee , Say Yee-How
Published: March 2018

Background

Tumor-induced angiogenesis is an imperative event in pledging new vasculature for tumor metastasis. Since overexpression of neuronal proteins gamma-synuclein (γ-Syn) and cellular prion protein (PrPC) is always detected in advanced stages of cancer diseases which involve metastasis, this study aimed to investigate whether γ-Syn or PrPC overexpression in colorectal adenocarcinoma, LS 174T cells affects angiogenesis of endothelial cells, EA.hy 926 (EA).

Methods

EA cells were treated with conditioned media (CM) of LS 174T-γ-Syn or LS 174T-PrP, and their proliferation, invasion, migration, adhesion and ability to form angiogenic tubes were assessed using a range of biological assays. To investigate plausible background mechanisms in conferring the properties of EA cells above, nitrite oxide (NO) levels were measured and the expression of angiogenesis-related factors was assessed using a human angiogenesis antibody array.

Results

EA proliferation was significantly inhibited by LS 174T-PrP CM whereas its telomerase activity was reduced by CM of LS 174T-γ-Syn or LS 174T-PrP, as compared to EA incubated with LS 174T CM. Besides, LS 174T-γ-Syn CM or LS 174T-PrP CM inhibited EA invasion and migration in Boyden chamber assay. Furthermore, LS 174T-γ-Syn CM significantly inhibited EA migration in scratch wound assay. Gelatin zymography revealed reduced secretion of MMP-2 and MMP-9 by EA treated with LS 174T-γ-Syn CM or LS 174T-PrP CM. In addition, cell adhesion assay showed lesser LS 174T-γ-Syn or LS 174T-PrP cells adhered onto EA, as compared to LS 174T. In tube formation assay, LS 174T-γ-Syn CM or LS 174T-PrP CM induced EA tube formation. Increased NO secretion by EA treated with LS 174T-γ-Syn CM or LS 174T-PrP CM was also detected. Lastly, decreased expression of pro-angiogenic factors like CXCL16, IGFBP-2 and amphiregulin in LS 174T-γ-Syn CM or LS 174T-PrP CM was detected using the angiogenesis antibody array.

Discussion

These results suggest that overexpression of γ-Syn or PrPC could possibly be involved in colorectal cancer-induced angiogenesis by inducing an endothelial proliferation–differentiation switch. NO could be the main factor in governing this switch, and modulation on the secretion patterns of angiogenesis-related proteins could be the strategy of colorectal cancer cells overexpressing γ-Syn or PrPC in ensuring this transition.
Ovarian Aging and Fertility
Authors: Seifer David B. , Feinberg Eve C. , Hsu Albert L.
Published: October 2024

This JAMA Insights discusses ovarian aging and provides strategies to address infertility due to ovarian aging.
Parenthood and Paychecks—The Gender Pay Gap in Medicine
Authors: Kim Kyung Mi , Narayan Aditya , Shah Nirav R. , Milstein Arnold
Published: October 2024

This Viewpoint examines recent evidence on the gender pay gap in US medical professions and its relationship with motherhood (the motherhood penalty) and suggests opportunities for mitigating inequity that reflects the current health care environment, advances gender equity, and enhances medical practice.
N95 Filtering Facepiece Respirator Reuse, Extended Use, and Filtration Efficiency
Authors: Wang Ralph C. , Addo Newton , Degesys Nida F. , Fahimi Jahan , Ford James S. , Rosenthal Efrat , Harris Anna R. , Yaffee Anna Q. , Peterson Susan , Rothmann Richard E. , DeAngelis John , Tolia Vaishal , Shah Manish N. , Stephenson Thomas B. , Nogueira-Prewitt Sheila J. , Yoon Katherine N. , Fisher Edward M. , Raven Maria C. ,   Reuse N95 Group
Published: October 2024

This cohort study examines the association of reuse of N95 filtering facepiece respirators and N95 filtration efficiency.
When molecular biology transforms clinical oncology: the EGFR journey in colorectal cancer
Authors: Vitiello Pietro Paolo , Saoudi González Nadia , Bardelli Alberto
Published: October 2024

The discovery of growth factors and their involvement in cancer represents the foundation of precision oncology. The preclinical and clinical development of agents targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in colorectal cancer (CRC) were accompanied by big hype and hopes, though the clinical testing of such agents clashed with intrinsic and acquired resistance, greatly limiting their therapeutic value. However, a better understanding of the biology of the EGFR signaling pathway in CRC, coupled with the development of liquid biopsy methodologies to study cancer evolution in real time, fostered the clinical refinement of anti‐EGFR treatment in CRC. Such a workflow, based on the co‐evolution of biology knowledge and clinical development, allowed to couple the discovery of relevant therapy resistance mechanisms to the development of strategies to bypass this resistance. A broader application of this paradigm could prove successful and create an effective shortcut between the bench and the bedside for treatment strategies other than targeted therapy.
Exploration of High‐Pressure Annealing and Microwave Annealing in Palladium Germano‐Silicide Formation for Si0.8Ge0.2‐Based Complementary Metal‐Oxide–Semiconductor Transistors
Authors: Kuo Tai‐Chen , Current Michael Ira
Published: October 2024

In this study, forming palladium germano‐silicide on Si0.8Ge0.2‐based complementary metal‐oxide semiconductor (CMOS) transistors by high‐pressure annealing compared to microwave annealing is investigated. Boron‐doped Si0.8Ge0.2 layers are epitaxially grown on n‐type Si wafers, achieving an initial boron concentration of 5 × 1015 cm−3, which increase to ≈6 × 1020 cm−3 after microwave annealing, reducing sheet resistance. Palladium is deposited using electron beam evaporation to form a 15 nm layer on Si0.8Ge0.2 (200 nm)/Si (100) substrates. High‐pressure annealing is conducted from 300 to 500 °C in N2 ambiance at 5 kg cm−3, while microwave annealing is performed at 5.8 GHz and 1800–3000 W for 100 s. X‐ray diffractometer confirms high‐intensity Pd2Si phase formation, but scanning electron microscope and atomic force microscope reveal increased surface roughness and clustering after annealing. Sheet resistance increases from 10.35 Ω sq−1 (unannealed) to 131.8 Ω sq−1 (high‐pressure annealing at 300 °C) and 85.8 Ω sq−1 (microwave annealing at 1800 W). In these results, the trade‐offs between annealing methods and metal choices for achieving low contact resistance and Schottky barrier heights in p‐type Si0.8Ge0.2 CMOS circuits are highlighted.
Enhanced Electromagnetic Energy Conversion in an Entropy‐driven Dual‐magnetic System for Superior Electromagnetic Wave Absorption
Authors: Hu Ruizhe , Luo Jingyuan , Wen Huiliang , Liu Chongbo , Peng Jinbin , Xiong Zhiqiang , Wang Dan , Feng Zhaobo , Peng Yuhui , Che Renchao
Published: October 2024

Thermochemical conversion is a highly effective method for upgrading organic solid wastes into high‐value materials, contributing to carbon neutrality and peak, carbon emission goals. It also serves as a pathway to develop energy‐efficient electromagnetic wave absorbing (EMWA) materials. In this study, fish skin to successfully in situ nitrify Prussian Blue into Fe3N under external thermal driving condition, resulting in high saturation magnetization is utilized. The resulting Fe3N@C demonstrates outstanding EMWA property, achieving a minimum reflection loss of −71.3 dB. Furthermore, by introducing cellulose nanofiber, a portion of the iron nitride is transformed into iron carbide, resulting in Fe3C/Fe3N@C. This composite exhibits enhanced EMWA properties owing to wider local charge redistribution and stronger electronic interactions, achieving an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 6.64 GHz. Electromagnetic simulations and first‐principles calculations further elucidate the EMWA mechanism, and the maximum reduction value of the radar‐cross section reached 37.34 dB·m2. The design of multilayer gradient metamaterials demonstrated an ultra‐broadband EAB of 11.78 GHz. This paper presents an efficient strategy for atomic‐level biomass waste utilization to prepare Fe3N, provides novel insights into the conversion between metal nitrides and metal carbides, and offers a promising direction for the development of advanced EMWA materials.
Cellular Alignment and Matrix Stiffening Induced Changes in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Derived Cardiomyocytes
Authors: House Andrew , Santillan Anjeli , Correa Evan , Youssef Victoria , Guvendiren Murat
Published: October 2024

Biological processes are inherently dynamic, necessitating biomaterial platforms capable of spatiotemporal control over cellular organization and matrix stiffness for accurate study of tissue development, wound healing, and disease. However, most in vitro platforms remain static. In this study, a dynamic biomaterial platform comprising a stiffening hydrogel is introduced and achieved through a stepwise approach of addition followed by light‐mediated crosslinking, integrated with an elastomeric substrate featuring strain‐responsive lamellar surface patterns. Employing this platform, the response of human induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived cardiomyocytes (hIPSC‐CMs) is investigated to dynamic stiffening from healthy to fibrotic tissue stiffness. The results demonstrate that culturing hIPSC‐CMs on physiologically relevant healthy stiffness significantly enhances their function, as evidenced by increased sarcomere fraction, wider sarcomere width, significantly higher connexin‐43 content, and elevated cell beating frequency compared to cells cultured on fibrotic matrix. Conversely, dynamic matrix stiffening negatively impacts hIPSC‐CM function, with earlier stiffening events exerting a more pronounced hindering effect. These findings provide valuable insights into material‐based approaches for addressing existing challenges in hIPSC‐CM maturation and have broader implications across various tissue models, including muscle, tendon, nerve, and cornea, where both cellular alignment and matrix stiffening play pivotal roles in tissue development and regeneration.
Quantitative Characterization of Gene Regulatory Circuits Associated With Fungal Secondary Metabolism to Discover Novel Natural Products
Authors: Xu Xinran , Sun Yanhong , Zhang Anxin , Li Sijia , Zhang Shu , Chen Sijing , Lou Chunbo , Cai Lei , Chen Yihua , Luo Chunxiong , Yin Wen‐Bing
Published: October 2024

Microbial genetic circuits are vital for regulating gene expression and synthesizing bioactive compounds. However, assessing their strength and timing, especially in multicellular fungi, remains challenging. Here, an advanced microfluidic platform is combined with a mathematical model enabling precise characterization of fungal gene regulatory circuits (GRCs) at the single‐cell level. Utilizing this platform, the expression intensity and timing of 30 transcription factor‐promoter combinations derived from two representative fungal GRCs, using the model fungus Aspergillus nidulans are determined. As a proof of concept, the selected GRC combination is utilized to successfully refactor the biosynthetic pathways of bioactive molecules, precisely control their production, and activate the expression of the silenced biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). This study provides insights into microbial gene regulation and highlights the potential of platform in fungal synthetic biology applications and the discovery of novel natural products.
Rapid Thermal Shutdown of Deep‐Eutectic‐Polymer Electrolyte Enabling Overheating Self‐Protection of Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Zhang Zengqi , Li Gang , Du Xiaofan , Huang Lang , Kang Guohong , Zhang Jianjun , Cui Zili , Liu Tao , Ni Ling , Jin Yongcheng , Cui Guanglei
Published: October 2024

Safety concerns and uncontrollable dendrite growths have severely impeded the advancement of lithium‐metal batteries. Herein, a safe deep‐eutectic‐polymer electrolyte with built‐in thermal shutdown capability is proposed by utilizing hydrophobic association of methylcellulose within a novel deep‐eutectic‐solvent. Specifically, at elevated temperatures, methylcellulose chains aggregate to form dense polymer networks due to hydrophobic association and break the solvation structure equilibrium inside the deep‐eutectic system through encapsulating Li+ in polymer matrix, leading to quick solidification of the electrolyte. The solidified electrolyte obstructs Li+ transports and terminates electrochemical processes, protecting LMBs from unstoppable exothermic chain reactions. The accelerating rate calorimeter tests of 1 Ah pouch cells demonstrate that the as‐prepared electrolyte significantly improves the onset self‐heating temperature from 73 °C for conventional electrolytes to 172 °C and prolongs the thermal runaway waiting time more than 20 hours. More impressively, benefiting from its favorable electrochemical performance, this polymer electrolyte enables LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2||Li batteries to retain 92% capacity over 200 cycles and LiFePO4||Li batteries to maintain 90% capacity after 500 cycles. This research paves a promising avenue for enhancing both the safety and electrochemical performance of high‐energy‐density LMBs.
ZnO Nanowire Cold Cathode Hemispherical X‐Ray Sources
Authors: Zhang Zhipeng , Zhang Yunyao , Zhang Guofu , Zhan Runze , Deng Shaozhi , Xu Ningsheng , Chen Jun
Published: October 2024

Curved or spherical X‐ray sources are significant for use in intraoperative radiotherapy, adaptive static medical imaging, and high‐throughput industrial inspection, but they are hard to achieve using traditional thermionic cathode point electron sources. In this study, copper (Cu)‐doped zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires grown on a brass substrate with a designed shape are proposed to achieve cold cathode hemispherical X‐ray sources. The strain‐driven solid–liquid growth model of Cu‐doped ZnO nanowires is proposed, and the oxidation temperature‐dependent and time‐dependent growth characteristics are investigated to optimize the morphologies of ZnO nanowire cold cathodes with a typical turn‐on field of 7.36 MV m−1, a maximum current of 12.54 mA (4.93 mA cm−2) and a uniform field emission image with an area of 2.54 cm2. Hemispherical X‐ray sources formed by Cu‐doped ZnO nanowire field emitters grown on spherical brass alloy and an Al thin film transmission anode target deposited on a hemispherical quartz glass are successfully fabricated, achieving an operating voltage of 39 kV, a dose rate of 240 µGyair s−1 and a projection X‐ray imaging resolution of 2.8 lp mm−1, demonstrating their promising use in a variety of applications.
PZS‐Net: Incorporating of Frame Sequence and Multi‐Scale Priors for Prostate Zonal Segmentation in Transrectal Ultrasound
Authors: Ju Jianguo , Zhang Qian , Xu Pengfei , Liu Tiange , Li Cheng , Guan Ziyu
Published: October 2024

Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) videos offer valuable histopathologic information about the prostate. Accurate prostate zonal segmentation in TRUS videos is vital for diagnosing prostate cancer and guiding surgery. However, TRUS videos are manually recorded by urologists, resulting in no standardized coordinate system, which limits direct prostate zonal segmentation in these videos. To overcome the limitation, a novel Prostate Zonal Segmentation Network (PZS‐Net), based on U‐Net, which learns critical cross‐frame information and multi‐scale features from sequential frames, is proposed. First, a sequential frame cross‐attention (SFCA) module is designed to capture remote information from sequential frames to enhance the feature representation of the current frame. The SFCA module is embedded at each skip connection layer to extract crucial cross‐frame information. Then, a multi‐scale fusion (MSF) module that utilizes three parallel branches with different atrous convolutions is designed. The MSF module is placed at the bottleneck layer to dynamically fuse multi‐scale context information from high‐level features. Extensive experiments on TRUS image datasets show that the PZS‐Net achieves higher accuracy in both the transitional zone (dice coefficient [Dice]: 68.90% ± 1.73%, mean intersection over union [mIoU]: 59.19% ± 2.09%, 95% Hausdorff distance [HD95]: 5.02 ± 0.83 mm) and the peripheral zone (Dice: 63.99% ± 3.16%, mIoU: 54.60% ± 3.35%, HD95: 5.28 ± 1.12 mm) and demonstrates the effectiveness and competitiveness of its key components via comprehensive ablation studies.
Graph‐Based Representation Approach for Deep Learning of Organic Light‐Emitting Diode Devices
Authors: Lee Taeyang , Choi Jeongwhan , Na Inyeob , Yoo Insun , Woo Sungil , Kim Kwang Jong , Park Mikyung , Yang Joonghwan , Min Jeongguk , Lee Seokwoo , Park Noseong , Yang Joonyoung
Published: October 2024

The performance prediction of organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) devices using artificial intelligence is significantly limited due to the lack of representational feature data. This study proposes a novel graph‐based representation methodology to effectively address these challenges. Various graph convolution methods are explored, resulting in an ideal representation of the device parameters in the static equilibrium state, which is crucial for accurate modeling. This representation not only exhibits parameter‐like characteristics but also encapsulates essential physical meanings that enhance interpretability. Additionally, the trained predictive model demonstrates relatively high accuracy, making it a reliable tool for practical applications. Finally, this research serves as a valuable initial study for predicting and designing OLED devices, paving the way for future advancements in the field.
Bioinspired Moisture‐Driven Soft Robotic Actuator
Authors: Balachandran Akshay , Ravindran Nair Abhigith , Mohd Ghulam , Bhat Irfan Majeed , Priyadarshini Saswati , Lone Saifullah
Published: October 2024

Multifunctional materials in nature, utilizing atmospheric water content, offer solutions to challenges in soft‐actuating materials research. The leaf of Arundo donax, an invasive plant, showcases exceptional properties: structural integrity, passive actuation, tunability, load‐bearing capacity, longevity, and an integrated battery‐free fluid generation and distribution mechanism. These functions coexist within a thin (≈130 μm) and lightweight structure with simple compositions. The study investigates material composition, passive fluid transport, water harvesting structures, and mechanical properties, revealing unexpected correlations between surface and internal structures. Additionally, tunable actuation, suitable for origami‐based mechanisms, is explored. Testing an energy‐free, moisture‐triggered soft robotic gripper, its ability to lift over 50 times its weight while maintaining sufficient softness for delicate tasks is demonstrated. This unit‐wise structure‐based actuation offers promise for soft robotics, with favorable fabrication possibilities and motion manipulation.
Strength in Numbers: A Giant NIR‐II AIEgen with One‐for‐All Phototheranostic Features for Exceptional Orthotopic Bladder Cancer Treatment
Authors: You Caifa , Zhu Yiqi , Zhu Jun , Xu Zixuan , Liu Qian , Wang Lei , Zhang Weijie , Hou Jianquan , Wang Dong , Zhong Tang Ben
Published: October 2024

One‐for‐all phototheranostics that allows the simultaneous implementations of multiple optical imaging and therapeutic modalities by utilizing a single component, is growing into a sparkling frontier in cancer treatment. Of particular interest is phototheranostic agent with emission in the second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) window. Nevertheless, the practical uses of those conventional NIR‐II agents are severely impeded by their unsatisfactory features including insufficient stability, low synthetic yield, to be extended absorption/ emission wavelengths, and inefficient phototheranostic outcomes. Developing exceptional phototheranostic agents is thus highly desirable yet remains formidably challenging. Herein, we synthesized two novel N‐heteroacenes‐based NIR‐II luminogens, namely 2TT‐PPT and 4TT‐PBPT, by respectively employing pyrene‐fused phenaziothiadiazoles and pyrene‐fused bisphenaziothiadiazoles as acceptor skeletons. There is strength in numbers by increasing the fusing rings in N‐heteroacenes moieties and numbers of appended donors. Compared to less ring‐fused 2TT‐PPT, the giant molecule 4TT‐PBPT shows improved photophysical characteristics, such as enhanced light absorbance, red‐shifted wavelengths, higher brightness, favorable reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and elevated photothermal conversion efficiency, which render 4TT‐PBPT nanoparticles excellent fluorescence‐photoacoustic‐photothermal trimodal imaging guided photodynamic‐photothermal synergistic therapy for orthotopic bladder cancer.
Enhanced UV Light Responsivity in <110>‐Oriented 2D Perovskites Realized by Pressure‐Induced Ultrafast Exciton Transport
Authors: Yin Yanfeng , Yan Xianchang , Luo Hui , Liang Yongfu , Xu Peng , Wang Yiming , Jin Shengye , Tian Wenming
Published: October 2024

Two‐dimensional (2D) <100>‐oriented perovskites exhibit superior optoelectronic properties, offering significant potential in photovoltaic, light‐emitting, and photodetection applications. Nevertheless, their enlarged interlayer spacing restricts longitudinal carrier transport, thereby limiting its potential applications. While <110>‐oriented 2D perovskites provide a prospective solution with their compact interlayer spacing, their inherent structure, characterized by octahedra tilting, indirectly hinders carrier transport due to the generation of self‐trapped excitons (STEs) caused by strong electron‐phonon coupling. Here, we adeptly regulate the photoluminescence (PL) from STEs to free excitons (FEs) emission within the 2D <110>‐oriented (API)PbBr4 single crystal through structure optimization under pressure treatment. Besides, we observed anisotropic FE transport with an anisotropy ratio of 4.97. The exciton mobility reaches a peak of 93.6 cm2 V−1 s−1 at 2.7 GPa, a value comparable to those of their three‐dimensional (3D) counterparts, which is attributed to a reduction in electron‐phonon coupling and exciton reduced mass. Additionally, this ultrafast exciton transport significantly enhances UV light responsivity, exhibiting an increase of approximately 5000 times at 2.7 GPa in comparison to ambient conditions. These findings highlight the prospective application of 2D <110>‐oriented perovskites in high‐performance optoelectronic devices through intrinsic structural modulation.
An Axially CBD‐Containing Novel Pt(IV) Prodrug Designed to Synergistically Enhance Antitumor Activity by Inducing Mitochondrial Dysfunction
Authors: Wang Ling , Lu Zhiping , Shi Pengmin , Peng Yusheng , Yang Jing , Liao Xiali , Yang Bo , Gao Chuanzhu
Published: October 2024

In recent years, significant attention has been given to the strategy of linking novel active molecules with different biological targets and antitumor mechanisms to the axial positions of Pt(IV) complexes, aiming to synthesize new Pt(IV) antitumor complexes with excellent properties. In this study, Satraplatin analogs and the highly lipophilic bioactive molecule cannabidiol (CBD) were chosen as the main research subjects. By combining these two and introducing other bioactive small molecules, we aimed to enrich the functionalities of Pt(IV) antitumor complexes. Five new multifunctional Pt(IV) antitumor complexes, P1–P5, were prepared. All Pt(IV) prodrugs demonstrated antitumor effects in various tumor cell lines. Notably, compound P1 exhibited significant inhibitory effects, with half‐maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values that were 2.1, 1.5, and 1.3 times higher than those of satraplatin in HCT‐116, A549, and HeLa cell lines, respectively, and 2.4, 1.5, and 2.0 times higher than those of the combination of satraplatin and CBD. The cytotoxicity of P1 toward cancer cell lines is significantly higher than that of the combination therapy group, providing preliminary evidence that the strategy of combining CBD and platinum‐based antitumor drugs into a complex is highly effective in simultaneously enhancing the cytotoxicity of both, resulting in a good synergistic antitumor effect. Further research shows that after treating cells with P1, the induced ROS generation increases in a dose‐dependent manner, disrupting the cell's redox homeostasis, leading to oxidative stress, and ultimately causing cell apoptosis. This strategy of introducing the bioactive molecule CBD into platinum‐based drug formation complexes to improve efficacy has been shown to be feasible and deserves further study.
Evolution from micropinned to polymeric alloy structure of XLPE‐PS: Improving electrical properties and mechanism
Authors: Ahmed Muneeb , Zhong Lisheng , Li Fei , Sui Rui , Wu Ming , Gao Jinghui
Published: October 2024

This research investigates the transition from a micropinned to a polymeric alloy structure in crosslinked‐polyethylene‐polystyrene (XLPE‐PS). Incorporating 2 wt% 10 μm PS particles into low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) and crosslinking with 2 wt% dicumyl peroxide (DCP) forms XLPE‐PS structures. The polymeric alloy structure, formed at 220°C extrusion, contrasts with the micropinned formed at 150°C. Morphological, thermo‐structural, chemical, and crystal properties are examined to understand their impact on electrical properties and charge transport mechanisms. Results indicate that the polymeric alloy effectively resolves void/crack issues, whereas the micropinned exhibits phase separation. Both structures exhibit a benzene‐crosslinked network, and variations in these structures lead to significant changes in thermo‐structural, chemical, and crystalline properties. The polymeric alloy XLPE‐PS shifts the polyethylene (PE) hkl crystal planes, confirming phase shift and optimal alloying. The structural alterations reveal deeper traps and higher densities in the polymeric alloy XLPE‐PS, leading to significantly improved electrical properties, including reduced DC conductivity by up to 1.3 and 0.7 decades at 30 and 90°C, and increased DC breakdown strength by up to 40.34% and 16.17% at 30 and 90°C, respectively, compared with micropinned XLPE‐PS. This research offers insights into stable high‐voltage insulation development.
Preparation of a polyurethane‐coated expandable graphite and its flame retardant application in rigid polyurethane foams
Authors: Qiao Xiaozhuang , Zhang Penghai , Guo Lei , Li Guiying , Han Ling , Wang Lei , Liu Junshen , Gao Xuezhen
Published: October 2024

Expandable graphite (EG) is widely used in rigid polyurethane (PU) foam (RPUF) as flame retardant, however, the mechanical properties of RPUF would deteriorate with the increase of its content. To alleviate this problem, PU‐coated EG (PUEG) is prepared by coating PU on the surface of EG via interface polymerization. PUEG is characterized by FTIR, XPS, and SEM. The results show that PUEG is successfully prepared. Compared with the RPUF add with the pure EG, the compressive strength and flame retardancy of the RPUF prepared by adding 15% PUEG have been improved to varying degrees. A 15% PUEG and 20% PUEG modify RPUFs obtained both UL‐94 V‐0 rating with LOI values of 29.7% and 31.2%, respectively. The improvement in the flame retardancy and compressive strength of RPUF is due to the good interfacial compatibility between the RPUF and PU on the surface of the EG and the increased coking rate of the EG, which accelerates the formation of the thermal barrier carbon layer. The preparation process of PUEG is simple and suitable for large‐scale production.
Carrier Dynamics in Quantum Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes: The Conversion between Electrons, Excitons, and Photons
Authors: Su Qiang , Zhang Heng , Chen Shuming
Published: October 2024

Electrically driven self‐emissive quantum dot light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs) offer the advantages of high contrast, high color saturation and simple solution processability, making them the ultimate target for commercialization of QD‐based displays. Challenges remain, such as the lack of a comprehensive understanding of device mechanisms, the poor performance of blue Cd‐based and Cd‐free devices, and the immature of color patterning processes, which are far from the requirements of practical applications. The study of carrier dynamics is a crucial part of understanding the physical mechanisms of devices and improving their performance. Therefore, this review summarizes and discusses the related researches on the conversion process between electrons, excitons and photons in QLEDs. First, an overview of the electron‐photon conversion process is given to elucidate the underlying principles of QLEDs. Then, the two sub‐processes involved, the exciton formation process and the photon formation process, are discussed. Next, the most commonly used characterization tools for the study of carrier dynamics are presented. Finally, the opportunities and challenges associated with QLED research on carrier dynamics are summarized and outlined.
A Strong Dysregulated Myeloid Component in the Epigenetic Landscape of Systemic Sclerosis: An Integrated DNA Methylome and Transcriptome Analysis
Authors: Martínez‐López Javier , Ortiz‐Fernandez Lourdes , Estupiñán‐Moreno Elkyn , Kerick Martin , Andrés‐León Eduardo , Terron‐Camero Laura C. , Carnero‐Montoro Elena , Barturen Guillermo , Beretta Lorenzo , Almeida Isabel ,   PRECISESADS Clinical Consortium, Alarcón‐Riquelme Marta E. , Ballestar Esteban , Acosta‐Herrera Marialbert , Martín Javier
Published: October 2024

Objective

Nongenetic factors influence systemic sclerosis (SSc) pathogenesis, underscoring epigenetics as a relevant contributor to the disease. We aimed to unravel DNA methylation abnormalities associated with SSc through an epigenome‐wide association study.

Methods

We analyzed DNA methylation data from whole‐blood samples in 179 patients with SSc and 241 unaffected individuals to identify differentially methylated positions (DMPs) with a false discovery rate (FDR) <0.05. These results were further integrated with RNA sequencing data from the same patients to assess their functional consequence. Additionally, we examined the impact of DNA methylation changes on transcription factors and analyzed the relationship between alterations of the methylation and gene expression profile and serum proteins levels.

Results

This analysis yielded 525 DMPs enriched in immune‐related pathways, with leukocyte cell–cell adhesion being the most significant (FDR = 4.91 × 10−9), prioritizing integrins as they were exposed by integrating methylome and transcriptome data. Furthermore, through this integrative approach, we observed an enrichment of neutrophil‐related pathways, highlighting this myeloid cell type as a relevant contributor in SSc pathogenesis. In addition, we uncovered novel profibrotic and proinflammatory mechanisms involved in the disease. Finally, the altered epigenetic and transcriptomic signature revealed an increased activity of CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein transcription factor family in SSc, which is crucial in the myeloid lineage development.

Conclusion

Our findings uncover the impaired epigenetic regulation of the disease and its impact on gene expression, identifying new molecules for potential clinical applications and improving our understanding of SSc pathogenesis.

image
Integration patterns in the use of metadata for data sense‐making during relevance evaluation: An interpretable deep learning‐based prediction
Authors: Li Qiao , Wang Ping , Liu Chunfeng , Li Xueyi , Hou Jingrui
Published: October 2024

Integrating diverse cues from metadata to make sense of retrieved data during relevance evaluation is a crucial yet challenging task for data searchers. However, this integrative task remains underexplored, impeding the development of effective strategies to address metadata's shortcomings in supporting this task. To address this issue, this study proposes the “Integrative Use of Metadata for Data Sense‐Making” (IUM‐DSM) model. This model provides an initial framework for understanding the integrative tasks performed by data searchers, focusing on their integration patterns and associated challenges. Experimental data were analyzed using an interpretable deep learning‐based prediction approach to validate this model. The findings offer preliminary support for the model, revealing that data searchers engage in integrative tasks to utilize metadata effectively for data sense‐making during relevance evaluation. They construct coherent mental representations of retrieved data by integrating systematic and heuristic cues from metadata through two distinct patterns: within‐category integration and across‐category integration. This study identifies key challenges: within‐category integration entails comparing, classifying, and connecting systematic or heuristic cues, while across‐category integration necessitates considerable effort to integrate cues from both categories. To support these integrative tasks, this study proposes strategies for mitigating these challenges by optimizing metadata layouts and developing intelligent data retrieval systems.
Landmarking for Left‐Truncated Competing Risk Data
Authors: Unseld Theresa , Bluhmki Tobias , Beyersmann Jan , Beck Evelin , Padberg Stephanie , Stegherr Regina
Published: October 2024

Landmarking is an alternative to complex multistate models when the aim is to calculate dynamic predictions. We develop the concept of landmarking for the case of left truncation and competing risks from the application background of drug safety assessment in pregnancy. The method is illustrated with a cohort study of the German Embryotox Pharmacovigilance Institute in Berlin to assess if the risk or the cumulative incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes, like spontaneous abortions (SABs), is increased in fluoroquinolone‐exposed women. Furthermore, we conduct an extensive simulation study to compare the dynamic predictions and coefficient estimates obtained by landmarking to those from nonparametric multistate models and classical time‐dependent covariate Cox regression. The results from the simulation study indicate that attenuation of the effects is present in the landmark estimates, also in the complex setting considered here, but the estimates are still close to those from the multistate models. Regarding the Berlin fluoroquinolone data, the fluoroquinolone exposure of a pregnant woman in the first trimester seems to increase her cumulative incidence of elective termination of pregnancy over women never exposed before, but there is no evidence of a significantly increased risk or cumulative incidence in exposed women for SABs. This supports previous results on the same data, which were driven from an analysis without landmarking methods.
The Theory of Dyadic Morality and Moral Identity Explain the Public's Response to Harm Done by Government and Organisations
Authors: Bagozzi Richard P. , Xie Chunyan , Mari Silvia , Oklevik Ove
Published: October 2024

Harm functions complexly in moral judgement but has been treated differently in the Social Intuitionist Model (SIM) and the Theory of Dyadic Morality (TDM). Both the SIM and TDM see felt harm as an outcome of experienced negative moral emotions (e.g., disgust), but the SIM regards harm as a kind of epiphenomenon in the sense that it does not affect moral judgement or behaviour, whereas the TDM interprets harm as an essential mediator of the link between negative moral emotions and immorality. The TDM also develops an explanation for how harm functions to initiate reactions to triggering events marked by an intentional agent causing injury to a vulnerable social actor. Here norms serve a regulatory function modulating the effects of harm committed by the agent on negative moral emotions. We conduct two experiments on representative samples of adults () and address two different moral contexts (companies doing badly and government doing badly with respect to a threatened health crisis), two different normative moderators (moral identity and belief in conspiracies) and two different moral action tendencies (intentions and word of mouth). Harm is found to have direct and contingent mediated effects on moral action tendencies, in accord with the TDM. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.
Potential MAO‐B Inhibitors from Cissampelos Capensis L.f.: ADMET, Molecular Docking, Dynamics, and DFT Insights
Authors: Al‐Thiabat Mohammad G. , Agrawal Mohit , Kumar Sahu Kantrol , Alhawarri Maram B. , Banisalman Katreen , Al Jabal Ghazi A. , Saleh Elqaderi Haya
Published: October 2024

This study explores the therapeutic potential of three proaporphine alkaloids–cissamaline, cissamanine, and cissamdine, which were recently isolated from Cissampelos capensis L.f., against Parkinson's disease (PD). Using computational techniques, we investigated their efficacy as inhibitors of a key protein in PD. ADMET analysis demonstrated that these alkaloids conform to the Lipinski, Pfizer, Golden Triangle, and GSK rules, indicating favorable safety, oral bioavailability, and a high probability of passing the human intestinal and blood‐brain barriers. They were neither substrates nor inhibitors of any CYP enzymes tested, indicating minimal metabolic interference and an enhanced safety profile. Molecular docking studies revealed binding energies of −9.05 kcal/mol (cissamaline), −9.95 kcal/mol (cissamanine), and −10.65 kcal/mol (cissamdine) against MAO−B, a critical PD target, surpassing the control (zonisamide, −6.96 kcal/mol). The molecular interaction analyses were also promising, with interactions comparable to the control. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations confirmed stable protein‐ligand interactions, with root‐mean‐square deviation (RMSD) values ranging from 1.03 Å to 3.92 Å, root‐mean‐square fluctuation (RMSF) values remaining below 1.14 Å, and radius of gyration (RGyr) values between 20.20 Å and 20.50 Å, indicating compact structures. Hydrogen bonding analysis revealed maximum hydrogen bond counts of 6 (cissamanine), 5 (cissamaline), and 4 (cissamdine), demonstrating robust interactions with MAO−B. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations revealed the highest electrophilicity (ω =0.151), highest electron affinity (EA =0.075), and smallest HOMO‐LUMO gap (ΔE =0.130) for cissamanine, indicating enhanced reactivity. These results advocate for further in vitro and in vivo studies to evaluate the compounds’ potential as PD therapeutics.
The mystery of the hidden gallbladder: Navigating the unseen
Authors: Shakeeb Momin , Riyaz Romana , Khan Sajjad Ahmed , Fatima Khadija , Fatima Husna
Published: October 2024

Key Clinical Message

This case underscores the importance of advanced imaging techniques in diagnosing complex biliary anomalies. Accurate Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography and ultrasound evaluations can distinguish between choledochal cysts and duplicate gallbladders, guiding effective surgical intervention and improving patient outcomes.
Rheumatoid arthritis presenting by combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema with clubbing and pulmonary hypertension: A rare case report
Authors: Basiri Reza , Davoodian Javad , Baniasad Amir
Published: October 2024

Key Clinical Message

A 60‐year‐old male smoker came with dyspnea. A rare condition known as combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) was observed on a chest CT scan. Decreased DLCO in combination with normal FVC can help diagnose CPFE. Concomitant connective tissue diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, should be checked in CPFE patients.
Applying a systemic approach for better outcomes
Authors: Lutter Sonya
Published: October 2024

This paper demonstrates the added value of utilizing a systemic approach to financial planning, which includes understanding how individuals make financial decisions and how these decisions are influenced by their experiences and the broader systems in which they exist. Systems theory is too broad of a topic to cover in one paper. The scope of this paper is to describe the key systems' concepts of interconnectedness, the whole is greater than the sum of its parts, homeostasis, and differentiation of self that have direct applications to financial planning. A case study illustrates how these concepts and tools, such as the genogram and shifting the conversation from content to process, can be utilized in financial planning. Through therapeutic communication (e.g., listening actively and recognizing the hidden cues in a client's communication), financial planners can uncover and address systemic issues impacting the financial planning process. Financial planners will learn key concepts of systems theory, gain tools for how to incorporate systems' concepts into practice, and be prepared to take an active role in the next evolution of financial planning.
JAK Inhibitor Upadacitinib Induces Remission in Refractory Immune‐Related Colitis Triggered by CTLA‐4 and PD‐1 Inhibitor Combination Therapy in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma: A Case Report
Authors: Kono Masashi , Komeda Yoriaki , Kawakami Hisato , Hagiwara Satoru , Tribonias George , Handa Kohei , Omoto Shunsuke , Takenaka Mamoru , Kashida Hiroshi , Tsuji Naoko , Kudo Masatoshi
Published: October 2024

Background

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have demonstrated efficacy against various cancers; however, there is a rising incidence of immune‐related colitis. Some cases of immune‐related colitis prove resistant to treatment, even with the administration of glucocorticoids or infliximab, and there is currently no established standard treatment for such cases.

Case

The patient, a 73‐year‐old male, had undergone combination therapy for malignant pleural mesothelioma for 2 years, utilizing both ipilimumab (a CTLA‐4 inhibitor) and nivolumab (a PD‐1 inhibitor). Unfortunately, the treatment led to side effects, specifically immune‐related adverse event (irAE) enterocolitis. Steroid and infliximab treatment failed to improve the patient's condition. Treatment with tacrolimus was attempted, but the patient remained unresponsive. Subsequently, 45 mg of upadacitinib, a Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor, was administered. Symptoms improved rapidly following upadacitinib administration, and endoscopy also revealed positive results. With the increasing incidence of immune‐related colitis, some patients have become resistant to treatment with glucocorticoids and infliximab. In this case, the irAE enterocolitis was improved by upadacitinib administration.

Conclusion

In cases where immune‐related colitis proves resistant to treatment with glucocorticoids, infliximab, or tacrolimus, upadacitinib represents a potential option as a JAK inhibitor.
Computational Assessment of Clinical Drugs against SARS‐CoV‐2: Foreseeing Molecular Mechanisms and Potent Mpro Inhibitors
Authors: Panda Saroj Kumar , Pani Pratyush , Sen Gupta Parth Sarthi , Mahanandia Nimai , Kumar Rana Malay
Published: October 2024

The emergence of new SARS‐CoV‐2 variants of concern (VOC) is a propulsion for accelerated potential therapeutic discovery. SARS‐CoV‐2’s main protease (Mpro), essential for host cell viral replication, is a pre‐eminent druggable protein target. Here, we perform extensive drug re‐profiling of the comprehensive Excelra database, which compiles various under‐trial drug candidates for COVID‐19 treatment. For mechanistic understanding, the most promising screened‐out molecules with targets are subjected to molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Post‐MD analyses demonstrate Darunavir, Ponatinib, and Tomivosertib forming a stable complex with Mpro, characterized by less fluctuation of Cα atoms, smooth and stable root‐mean‐square deviation (RMSD), and robust contact with the active site residues. Likewise, they all have lower binding free energy with Mpro, demonstrating strong affinity. In free energy landscape profiles, the distances from His41 and Cys145 exhibit a single energy minima basin, implying their preponderance in proximity to Mpro's catalytic dyad. Overall, the computational assessment earmarks promising candidates from the Excelra database, emphasizing on carrying out exhaustive biochemical experiments along with clinical trials. The work lays the foundation for potential therapeutic interventions in treating COVID‐19.
An Investigation Into Contaminated Waste Composition in a University Dental Clinic: Opportunities for Sustainability in Dentistry
Authors: Yeoh Samuel , Bourdamis Yani , Saker Adam , Marano Noah , Maundrell Liam , Ramamurthy Poornima , Sharma Dileep
Published: October 2024

Objectives

Many international dental organizations have been advocating for sustainable practices in dentistry, whereby significant reductions in environmental impacts are needed. The aim of this study was to analyze dental clinical waste in a university clinic setting to explore opportunities for sustainable practices.

Material and Methods

Fifty dental units (chairs) that are routinely used in delivery of dental treatment and involved supervising clinicians, dental students, and patients were randomly selected, and the clinical waste generated was collected, segregated, and weighed. Statistical analysis was performed to analyze differences in waste production based on treatment performed.

Results

The mean waste production generated by each chair was 81.4 g of aprons, 56.2 g of gloves, 17.2 g of masks, 24.0 g of sterile wrappings, 48.8 g of other plastics, 100.8 g of cellulose‐based items, and 25.8 g of miscellaneous items. Higher waste was generated from the chairs performing endodontic procedures when compared with examinations. A potential annual greenhouse gas saving of approximately 10 kg CO2e per year (when one patient is treated daily) can be achieved if sterile wrapping plastics were to be recycled.

Conclusions

Simple yet achievable opportunities for efficient clinical waste management at university clinics exist, which in turn will increase environmental sustainability in the post‐COVID‐19 era. Increased awareness and incentives for sustainable measures could potentially enhance the possibility of wider adoption of ecofriendly approaches.