bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A New Paradigm for Continental U.S. Summer Rainfall Variability: Asia–North America Teleconnection
Authors: Zhu Zhiwei , Li Tim
Published: July 2016

The present study reveals a close relationship between the leading mode of continental U.S. (CONUS) summer rainfall and the East Asian subtropical monsoon rainfall (viz., mei-yu in China, baiu in Japan, and changma in the Korean peninsula). The East Asian subtropical monsoon rainfall and the CONUS dipole rainfall patterns are connected by an upper-level Asia–North America (ANA) teleconnection. The Rossby wave energy propagates along the path of the westerly jet stream (WJS) from East Asia to North America, affecting the CONUS summer rainfall. Mechanisms through which East Asian summer monsoon heating influence North American rainfall are illustrated by idealized anomaly atmospheric general circulation model experiments. In boreal winter, because of the southward shift of the WJS, the Pacific–North American (PNA) pattern can be excited by the tropical central/eastern Pacific heating associated with El Niño, affecting the rainfall over CONUS. In boreal summer, because the WJS is weaker and locates farther to the north, an equatorial heating anomaly cannot directly perturb the WJS. A perturbation heating over subtropical East Asia, however, can trigger an ANA pattern along the path of the WJS, affecting the rainfall over North America. The season-dependent teleconnection scenario illustrates that the predictability source of CONUS rainfall variability is different between winter and summer. While the PNA pattern generated by El Niño is critical for CONUS rainfall in northern winter, the CONUS dipole rainfall variation in boreal summer is mainly governed by the remote forcing over subtropical East Asia via the ANA teleconnection.
The Mean Upper-Layer Flow in the Central Gulf of Mexico by a New Method
Authors: Sturges Wilton
Published: July 2016

Previous studies have found a puzzling disagreement between two large datasets and the results of numerical models in the central Gulf of Mexico. The observations suggest an upper-layer mean flow to the west of order 10 cm s−1, while the numerical models find no such mean flow. A new technique is used here, using 23 yr of satellite-derived sea surface height data, to estimate the mean flow. This third, independent set of data yields the same westward flow found in previous studies. These findings require that there be sinking in the western Gulf. The details of the return flow remain an intriguing problem.
The Prevalence of GNAS Deficiency-Related Diseases in a Large Cohort of Patients Characterized by the EuroPHP Network
Authors: Elli Francesca Marta , Linglart Agnès , Garin Intza , de Sanctis Luisa , Bordogna Paolo , Grybek Virginie , Pereda Arrate , Giachero Federica , Verrua Elisa , Hanna Patrick , Mantovani Giovanna , Perez de Nanclares Guiomar
Published: July 2016

Context:

The term pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP) was coined to describe the clinical condition resulting from end-organ resistance to parathormone (rPTH), caused by genetic and/or epigenetic alterations within or upstream of GNAS. Although knowledge about PHP is growing, there are few data on the prevalence of underlying molecular defects.

Objective:

The purpose of our study was to ascertain the relative prevalence of PHP-associated molecular defects.

Design:

With a specially designed questionnaire, we collected data from all patients (n = 407) clinically and molecularly characterized to date by expert referral centers in France, Italy, and Spain.

Results:

Isolated rPTH (126/407, 31%) was caused only by epigenetic defects, 70% of patients showing loss of imprinting affecting all four GNAS differentially methylated regions and 30% loss of methylation restricted to the GNAS A/B:TSS-DMR. Multihormone resistance with no Albright’s hereditary osteodystrophy (AHO) signs (61/407, 15%) was essentially due to epigenetic defects, although 10% of patients had point mutations. In patients with rPTH and AHO (40/407, 10%), the rate of point mutations was higher (28%) and methylation defects lower (about 70%). In patients with multihormone resistance and AHO (155/407, 38%), all types of molecular defects appeared with different frequencies. Finally, isolated AHO (18/407, 4%) and progressive osseous heteroplasia (7/407, 2%) were exclusively caused by point mutations.

Conclusion:

With European data, we have established the prevalence of various genetic and epigenetic lesions in PHP-affected patients. Using these findings, we will develop objective criteria to guide cost-effective strategies for genetic testing and explore the implications for management and prognosis.
Grooming Istanbul
Authors: Liebelt Claudia
Published: July 2016

Based on research in Istanbul in 2013–14, the article describes a changing urban geography of beauty, which has multiple repercussions on women’s spatialized notions of femininity, intimate bodily grooming, and aesthetics. Beauty salons in two neighborhoods typically placed on different ends of both the social and the Islamist-secularist axes highlight the similarities and differences of intimate concerns and encounters. Urban beauty salons are where publicly debated ideals of femininity and sexuality are visibly manufactured, and those involved have to negotiate new styles of bodily appearance and forms of intimate relations. Beauty salon customers and workers create strategies to deal with (bodily) intimacy and test the moral, social, and religious boundaries of what is attractive, respectable, or permissible. Defying common assumptions, upwardly mobile pious women display a willingness to establish intimate relationships and negotiate the boundaries of moral permissiveness and bodily well-being.
Social Interaction and Price Transmission in Multi-Tier Food Supply Chains
Authors: Widyarini Maria , Simatuoang Togar M , Engelseth Per
Published: July 2016

This research focuses on social interaction associated with price transmission in a multi-tier rice supply chain. A case study and qualitative methods are employed to examine a well-established supply network in Karawang District in Indonesia. Farmers and traders used their existing network in selling rice crops to traders and adopted a payment scheme for cash-and-carry transactions. Information on the market situation was obtained through personal interviews and observations including text messaging with farmer and trader informants. Evidence reveals that social relationships are vital in transmitting price information among networked actors to maintain the flow of rice, mitigate risk, and avoid losses due to poor quality of the rice product. Findings show that social interaction enables actors in an end-to-end rice supply chain to deal with the assurance of supply rationing.
An Empirical Analysis of Humanitarian Warehouse Locations
Authors: De Leeuw Sander , Mok Wing Yan
Published: July 2016

The purpose of this paper is to empirically verify characteristics of current warehouse locations of humanitarian organizations (based on public information) and to relate those to the model developed by Richardson, de Leeuw and Dullaert (2016). This paper is based on desk research. Public data such as (annual) reports and databases are used to determine the features of the location in empirical terms. We find that a significant proportion of our sample co-locates their products at UNHRD premises. This suggests that organizations prefer to cluster their warehouse activities, particularly when there is no fee involved for using the warehouse (as is the case in the UNHRD network). The geographic map of the current warehouses, together with the quantified location factors, provides an overview of the current warehouse locations. We found that the characteristics of the current warehouse locations are aligned with literature on location selection factors. Current location can be characterized by infrastructure characteristics (in particular closeness to airport and safety concerns) and by the low occurrence of disasters. Other factors that were considered by us but were not supported by empirical evidence were labor quality and availability as well as the political environment. In our study we were only able to use a limited sample of warehouses. We also focused our research on countries where two or more organizations have their warehouses located. We did not account for warehouse sizes or the kinds of products stored in our analysis.
Sentence-Based Text Analysis for Customer Reviews
Authors: Büschken Joachim , Allenby Greg M.
Published: July 2016

Firms collect an increasing amount of consumer feedback in the form of unstructured consumer reviews. These reviews contain text about consumer experiences with products and services that are different from surveys that query consumers for specific information. A challenge in analyzing unstructured consumer reviews is in making sense of the topics that are expressed in the words used to describe these experiences. We propose a new model for text analysis that makes use of the sentence structure contained in the reviews and show that it leads to improved inference and prediction of consumer ratings relative to existing models using data from www.expedia.com and www.we8there.com . Sentence-based topics are found to be more distinguished and coherent than those identified from a word-based analysis.

Data, as supplemental material, are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2016.0993 .
Network Analysis of Search Dynamics: The Case of Stock Habitats
Authors: Leung Alvin Chung Man , Agarwal Ashish , Konana Prabhudev , Kumar Alok
Published: July 2016

There is an increasing attention in information systems to be able to predict outcomes using search frequency on popular portals. This growing literature focuses on revealing demand patterns of individual assets (e.g., products, stocks, services). However, users typically search many different assets together (e.g., correlated searches) and leave a digital footprint, which can help provide insights on the behaviors of a group of assets. Furthermore, such group behavior can be used to predict outcomes (e.g., demand, stock returns) in the future. We analyze the underlying behavior of distinct subnetworks formed by correlated user searches for multiple items in the stock market and use such information for return prediction. Using cosearch data for stocks from Yahoo! Finance, we find 50–79 search clusters representing 230–349 stocks among Russell 3000 stocks at different time periods. These clusters reveal interesting habitats where the returns of stocks within a cluster tend to comove after controlling for known determinants of comovement. When a stock enters (departs) a cluster, the focal stock return comoves (detaches) with the cluster returns. Thus, search cluster–based habitats reveal aggregate investment preferences and are more granular than fundamental-based habitats. We find that search-based habitats can also improve return predictability of related stocks.

This paper was accepted by Chris Forman, information systems.
Characteristics of Virginia's Private Forest Landowners and Their Attitudes toward Harvesting
Authors: Saulnier William J. , Bolding M. Chad , Barrett Scott M. , Prisley Stephen P.
Published: July 2016

Nonindustrial private forest (NIPF) landowners own 62 percent of Virginia's forestland and determine the likelihood of its harvest and utilization. As many studies have found, NIPF landowners are diverse in management goals, and many factors can affect a landowner's willingness to harvest. Although many landowner surveys have been conducted, adequate information regarding the characteristics of NIPF landowners and their willingness to harvest in Virginia is lacking. Given new markets for wood in the state, there is considerable interest in examining fiber supply availability to determine the sustainability of an expanded forest and renewable energy industry. Landowners and their willingness to supply timber play a vital role in future resource availability. During 2014, a survey was mailed to 3,000 NIPF landowners who owned at least 10 acres of wooded land. Using a base question of willingness to harvest, groups across the state were compared to determine factors that affect their behavior. We found that the variables income, age, forested acres owned, and forest management were all significant and positively related to willingness to harvest. Knowledge of the characteristics of forest landowners and their attitudes toward harvesting can guide efforts to engage more landowners.
O Exercício da Democracia Através da Participação Social nos Conselhos Municipais de Direitos da Criança e Adolescente: Estudo de Caso Município de Paulo Afonso - Ba
Authors: Dos Santos Fábio Evaristo , Nascimento Deise Cristiane do
Published: July 2016

O estudo teve o objetivo de examinar o impacto da participação social no Conselho Municipal de Direito da Criança e do Adolescente, identificar como se dá o controle social na perspectiva do exercício democrático na gestão pública; informar ações que demonstrem a participação social no planejamento de políticas públicas para infância e adolescência em Paulo Afonso e verificar o impacto das ações no Conselho, na perspectiva de efetivação do controle social e participação democrática no Município. A participação social surgiu para aproximar a esfera estatal da dinâmica social. Esses conselhos, com a composição do governo e da sociedade civil, sua criação foi intitulada como imprescindível na rede de proteção dos municípios. Realidade vivenciada pelo município de Paulo Afonso e tal afirmativa fora apresentada por meio de documentos comprobatórios de suas políticas de desenvolvimento, sendo referência no semiárido quanto ao fortalecimento de políticas de proteção aos direitos da criança e do adolescente.
Diferenciación socioespacial en el macro proyecto urbano de Puerto Norte Rosario
Authors: Barenboim Dra. Arq. Cintia Ariana
Published: July 2016

El estudio se centra en el gran proyecto urbano de Puerto Norte (ex zona portuaria y ferroviaria), el cual incorpora diversos establecimientos residenciales, comerciales, de oficinas, equipamientos colectivos y espacios públicos de alto nivel, para usuarios e inversores de carácter tanto local como internacional.El objetivo se basa en explicar la segregación residencial que se produce allí a partir de los altos precios en los inmuebles, el exclusivo diseño arquitectónico y el estado de avance de las unidades que lo conforman, como también en construir el perfil socioocupacional de los nuevos habitantes, siendo estas variables los temas centrales que se abordan en el trabajo.La tendencia a la homogenización social, los precios y la especulación inmobiliaria se han ido intensificando a lo largo del tiempo. A pesar de ciertos intentos en la comercialización, de productos de menores superficies, vivir en Puerto Norte resulta inaccesible para gran parte de la población local. Sin embargo, el desarrollo aún no está terminado, en tanto se pueden realizar nuevas viviendas que aseguren la participación de los distintos sectores con el fin de lograr una ciudad más equitativa e integrada colectivamente.

Palabras clave

Segregación residencial; Valorización inmobiliaria; Composición social; Gran proyecto urbano; Puerto Norte
Implant therapy in the esthetic zone-surgical considerations
Authors: Marković Aleksa , Mišić T.
Published: July 2016

Implant placement in the esthetic zone is a complex procedure and requires a restoration-driven approach. Proper selection of patients and implant together with individual assessment of the risk of esthetic complications are very important. Correct 3D-implant positioning and sufficient bone volume should provide long-term esthetic and function. Esthetic region is a zone in which expectations and possibilities collide. Clinician should bring the important decision on the appropriate time of implant placement. Immediate implant placement is particularly challenging in the esthetic zone. Patient desire for reduced treatment time should be weighed against the possible risk factors. Protocol of immediate implant placement in conditions of unfavourable gingival biotypes, the lack of bone or soft tissue in patients with a high smile line lead to esthetic failure which is very important in the esthetic region.
Examination of natural tooth color distribution using visual and instrumental shade selection methods
Authors: Nalbant Dilek , Göknur Babaç , Türkcan İrem , Yerliyurt Kaan , Akçaboy Cihan , Nalbant Levent
Published: July 2016

Aim: Although visual color determination is the most frequently applied method in dentistry, instrumental color analysis offers advantages like objectivity, measurability and rapidity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the natural teeth color in teeth without any restoration visually, and by using a computerized shade measuring and analyzing system in the population. Materials and Methods: 202 patients were inspected. Before instrumental shade matching visual matching was done by the inspector with Vitapan 3D Master Shade Guide in the day light. Images were taken with computerized shade measuring and analyzing system from patients ' natural right or left maxillary incisors and canines without any restoration. Then these images were evaluated by the original software of its own. Results: Value differences between visual and instrumental shade matching were statistically significant. Darker value levels were obtained with instrumental measurement. The distribution of hue was more reddish in instrumental examination than visual examination. Significant difference was found at cervical and middle third of the tooth in both visual and instrumental determination of chroma. Chroma of the tooth was higher at these two regions in visual assessment. Conclusions: Teeth colors were distributed more uniform in visual shade matching compared to instrumental matching. However, some teeth shades were more common in instrumental matching. Value scores were found higher with instrumental shade matching. Individual selection of shades for each tooth and different regions of a tooth instead of a single color is considered to be a factor to increase the success of the restoration.
Chemical Forms of Heavy Metals in Bottom Sediments of the Mitręga Reservoir
Authors: Dąbrowska Lidia
Published: July 2016

Bottom sediments originating from the Mitręga water reservoir were studied. It was assayed, in what chemical forms heavy metals (zinc, copper, nickel, cadmium and lead) occur in sediments, using the method of sequential extraction BCR. According to the geochemical criteria with respect to the content of Zn, Cu and Ni, the sediments in all measuring points were classified as uncontaminated, however because of the Cd content - as moderately contaminated. The highest Cu and Ni content was found in the sediment collected in the southern part of the reservoir, 15 and 11 mg/kg d.m, respectively. In the case of Zn, Pb and Cd, the sediment collected at the outflow of the Mitręga river was the most contaminated; metal content amounted to 136; 35; 3 mg/kg d.m., respectively. Based on the conducted fractionation of heavy metals, it was found that the potential mobility of metals, hence the possibility of secondary pollution of the reservoir open water, are arranged in the following order: Zn> Cd> Ni> Cu ~ Pb.
Possibility of Wastewater Treatment Using MFC with Ni-Co Catalyst of Fuel Electrode
Authors: Włodarczyk Paweł P. , Włodarczyk Barbara
Published: July 2016

One of the problems with microbial fuel cells is a low current density of those energy sources. Nonetheless, it is possible to increase the current density by using the catalyst for fuel electrode (anode) - as long as a low cost catalyst can be found. The possibility of wastewater treatment using the Ni-Co alloy as catalyst for MFC’s is presented in this paper. The alloys were obtained with different concentrations of Co (15 and 50% of Co). The increase of current density with Ni-Co catalyst is approximately 0,1 mA/cm2. So, a fundamental possibility wastewater treatment using the Ni-Co alloy as catalyst for microbial fuel cells was presented.
Response of Linola (Linum usitatissimum L.) to Different Spacings under Rainfed Conditions
Authors: Ali M. , Hasan F.U. , Afzal M.
Published: July 2016

An experiment was conducted according to randomized complete design to determine best plant spacing and agronomic traits at research farm PMAS Arid Agriculture University Research Farm Chakwal Road, Rawalpindi, during 2008-2009. Three plant spacing’s (5, 10, 15 cm) and three row spacing’s (10, 20, 30 cm) comprised of the following treatment combinations (T1= 5×10 cm, T2= 5×20 cm, T3= 5×30 cm, T4= 10×10 cm, T5= 10×20 cm, T6= 10×30 cm, T7= 15×10 cm, T8= 15×20 cm, T9=15×30 cm) under rain-fed conditions. The net plot size was 2×6 m with three replications. Days to emergence, plant height at maturity, number of branches per plant, number of capsules per plant, number of seed per capsule, 1000- seed weight, seed capsule ratio, seed yield per plot, biological yield, harvest index, oil concentration and fresh weight of weeds was observed. All agronomic attributes were significantly effected at 15×30 cm spacing, along with oil concentration and fresh weight of weeds, while 10×10 cm row to row and plant to plant spacing had no significant effect. Plant height (cm), number of capsules per plant was maximum for plant geometry of 15×30 cm and lesser amount of weeds. An increase in row and plant spacing led to significantly higher of branching. Higher plant and row spacing resulted in non- consistent increase in the number of seeds per capsule. Seed yield increased with higher row to row and plant to plant spacings. Yield were lower at the narrow (10×10 cm) row and plant spacing’s, compared to higher of 15×30 cm spacing. Thus, it is concluded from this study that Linola should be grown at 300-450 cm grids for higher yield output.
Employee Reward Systems in Organizations
Authors: Došenović Dragana
Published: July 2016

Employee rewarding is one of the activities of human resource management concerning the management of money, goods and services that employees receive from their employer in exchange for their work. Given that a properly designed reward system is one of the conditions for a stable business, successful performance of work activities and the achievement of set objectives in each organization, the basic theme of this paper is the employee reward system, with a special focus on different elements of it. The purpose of this paper is to describe the role and significance of the observed system and to draw attention to its role in employee’s motivation.

Based on the given analysis many conclusions have been drawn. It has been proved that a properly designed employee reward system has many advantages for the organization, which emphasizes its importance.
Significance and Role of Small and Middle Entreprises in Economic Development
Authors: Bandur Miodrag
Published: July 2016

Small and middle enterprises (SME) are becoming more and more the subject of interest in developed countries in which small and middle companies represent a factor of development. The developed countries of the word put SME into focus of their economic strategies and programs and- by concrete macro-economic measures- the aimed politics to SME has a direct impact to reduction on business costs and improvement of liquidation (thus, competitive position of SME), through tax bonds. However, BiH still does not develop tax politics and praxis of many developed countries, which causes a lack of attention and improvement of the sector of SME. This is what many research in BiH confirmed. The changes in social-economic system based on the market commerce create suitable conditions for development of various activities which should be profitable and keep up with the development, with continuous adaptation to constant changes on market, which gives the advantage to SME or, so called, small business. Such companies most often represent the collision of ownership, management and risk, so the knowledge and skill needed for successful management include a very wide range.
Root vitality of Fagus sylvatica L., Quercus petraea Liebl. and Acer pseudoplatanus L. in mature mixed forest stand
Authors: Grygoruk Dorota
Published: July 2016

The main task of the present study was to investigate the root vitality of common beech Fagus sylvatica L., sessile oak Quercus petraea Liebl. and sycamore maple Acer pseudoplatanus L. in the optimal g rowth conditions in south-western Poland. The study was carried out in 130-year-old mixed stand located within natural range of studied tree species. The density of roots (g/100 cm3 of soil) and biomass of fine roots (g/m2) in topsoil layers (0-5 cm, 5-15 cm) were determined in the tree biogroups of the same species. The mean total root density ranged from 0.248 to 0.417 g/100 cm3 in the 0-5 cm soil layer, and it decreased in the deeper soil layer (5-15 cm). There were found no statistically significant differences of total root densities between tree biogroups in topsoil layers. Diversity of fine root biomass was comparable in the tree biogroups (H’ = 1.5), but common beech showed more intensive growth of fine roots in the topsoil 0-15 cm when compared to sessile oak and sycamore maple. The results of the study point out the stability of the multi-species structure of the mixed stand studied, and consequently - the ability of beech, sessile oak and sycamore maple trees to coexist in the mixed stands - in the area of natural range of these species.
Synthesis of first selenodecalines: 2-aryl-4-phenyl octahydroselenochromenes
Authors: Direnko Dmitriy Y. , Drevko Yaroslav B. , Drevko Boris I.
Published: July 2016

The reaction of 2-aryl-4-phenyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-selenochromenes 1–3 with trifluoroacetic acid and triethylsilane furnished a novel class of compounds, 2-aryl-4-phenyloctahydroselenochromenes.
Langerhans-Cell Histiocytoses - Epidemiology, Classification, Clinical Features, Diagnosis, Complications, Treatment and Prognosis
Authors: Papochieva Vera E. , Miteva Dimitrinka S. , Perenovska Penka I. , Petrova Guergana
Published: July 2016

Histiocytoses comprise a group of diverse diseases of unknown etiology with various clinical presentation and evolution. The underlying pathology is characterised by accumulation and infiltration of variable numbers of cells of the monocyte-macrophage line in the affected tissues and organs. Histiocytoses are divided into three major classes: Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), non- Langerhans cell histiocytosis, and malignant histiocytic disorders. The term LCH (also known in the past as histiocytosis X) encompasses the following rare diseases: Eosinophilic Granuloma, Hand-Schuller-Christian disease, Letterer-Siwe disease, Hashimoto-Pritzker disease, in which accumulation of pathologic Langerhans cells (LCs) leads to tissue damage. LCs usually reside in the skin and ensure protection against infections by destroying foreign substances. LC accumulation is caused by antigen stimulation and inadequate immune response. Thus, clinical LCH manifestations range from isolated disease with mono- or multifocal bone lesions to disseminated multisystem disease. LCH is a rare disease, affecting mainly children and young smokers, aged 20-50 years. Lung involvement in LCH usually presents as a mono-system disease and is characterized by Langerhans cell granulomas (LCG) infiltrating and impairing the distal bronchioles. The definite diagnosis is based on lung biopsy of CAT selected LCG areas. So far, there is no an effective treatment, but the better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of the disease would help in the development of effective therapeutic strategies in the future.
Toxicological Chemical Analysis of Methanol in Blood of Patients with Acute Ethanol Intoxication for Determining Detectable Quantities of Methanol and Analysis of the Correlation Between Ingested Alcohol
Authors: Bonchev Georgi D. , Zlateva Snezha Z. , Yovcheva Marieta I.
Published: July 2016

The aim of the study was to carry out a toxicological chemical analysis of methanol in detectable quantities in the blood of patients with acute alcohol intoxication. Blood samples from 85 patients with acute alcohol intoxication were analysed for the presence of methanol. All patients with acute methanol intoxication were excluded from the study. The methods of gas chromatography with vapor-phase analysis (head-space) and flame ionization detection (FID) were used. The limit of detection (LOD=0.015 g/L) and the limit of quantification (LOQ=0.025 g/L) of methanol in whole blood were evaluated. In 30% of the cases, methanol was found in the blood in detectable quantities. The levels of methanol were on the average 5 to 6 times lower than the toxic methanol level (0200 g/L) and they were not due to natural metabolic processes (ingestion of fruit, fruit juices or vegetables). No reliable statistically linear correlation between the concentration of ethanol and methanol was found. Methanol subintoxications are major factors in alcohol intoxications, in which the quantity of the alcohol ingested is not as important as its quality. Chronic methanol subintoxication of people who often consume alcohol of poor quality is discussed.
A girl with permanent neonatal diabetes due to KCNJ11 mutation presented with Mauriac syndrome after improper adjustment in sulfonylurea dosage over 6 years
Authors: Chai-udom Rapeepun , Sahakitrungruang Taninee , Wacharasindhu Suttipong , Supornsilchai Vichit
Published: July 2016

Mauriac syndrome is characterized by growth impairment, Cushingoid features, and hepatomegaly in patients with poorly controlled type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). We report a novel presentation of Mauriac syndrome in a 9-year-old girl who was diagnosed with neonatal diabetes at 3 months of age due to the p.R201C mutation in
Evaluation of Perfusion and Thermal Parameters of Skin Tissue Using Cold Provocation and Thermographic Measurements
Authors: Strąkowska Maria , Strąkowski Robert , Strzelecki Michał , Mey Gilbert de , Więcek Bogusław
Published: July 2016

Measurement of the perfusion coefficient and thermal parameters of skin tissue using dynamic thermography is presented in this paper. A novel approach based on cold provocation and thermal modelling of skin tissue is presented. The measurement was performed on a person’s forearm using a special cooling device equipped with the Peltier module. The proposed method first cools the skin, and then measures the changes of its temperature matching the measurement results with a heat transfer model to estimate the skin perfusion and other thermal parameters. In order to assess correctness of the proposed approach, the uncertainty analysis was performed.
Supercapacitor Degradation Assesment by Power Cycling and Calendar Life Tests
Authors: Sedlakova Vlasta , Sikula Josef , Majzner Jiri , Sedlak Petr , Kuparowitz Tomas , Buergler Brandon , Vasina Petr
Published: July 2016

Degradation of Supercapacitors (SC) is quantified by accelerated ageing tests. Energy cycling tests and calendar life tests are used since they address the real operating modes. The periodic characterization is used to analyse evolution of the SC parameters as a whole, and its Helmholtz and diffusion capacitances. These parameters are determined before the ageing tests and during 3 × 105 cycles of both 75% and 100% energy cycling, respectively. Precise evaluation of the capacitance and Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR) is based on fitting the experimental data by an exponential function of voltage vs. time. The ESR increases linearly with the number (No) of cycles for both 75% and 100% energy cycling, whereas a super-linear increase of ESR vs. time of cycling is observed for the 100% energy cycling. A decrease of capacitance in time had been evaluated for 2000 hours of ageing of SC. A relative change of capacitance is ΔC/C0 = 16% for the 75% energy cycling test and ΔC/C0 = 20% for the 100% energy cycling test at temperature 25°C, while ΔC/C0 = 6% for the calendar test at temperature 22°C for a voltage bias V = 1.0 Vop. The energy cycling causes a greater decrease of capacitance in comparison with the calendar test; such results may be a consequence of increasing the temperature due to the Joule heat created in the SC structure. The charge/discharge current value is the same for both 75% and 100% energy cycling tests, so it is the Joule heat created on both the equivalent series resistance and time-dependent diffuse resistance that should be the source of degradation of the SC structure. The diffuse resistance reaches a value of up to 30Ω within each 75% energy cycle and up to about 43Ω within each 100% energy cycle.
Paris Agreement on Climate Change: A Diplomatic Triumph – How Can It Succeed?
Authors: Hall Jan Erik
Published: July 2016

A longtime observer of global climate change negotiations surveys the recent Paris Agreement as of April 2016.
Can we explain vagrancy in Europe with the autumn migration phenology of Siberian warbler species in East Russia?
Authors: Bozó László , Heim Wieland , Harnos Andrea , Csörgő Tibor
Published: July 2016

We examined the autumn migration phenology of nine Siberian breeding songbirds: Thick-billed Warbler (Iduna aedon), Black-browed Reed Warbler (Acrocephalus bistrigiceps), Pallas’s Grasshopper Warbler (Locustella certhiola), Lanceolated Warbler (L. lanceolata), Yellow-browed Warbler (Phylloscopus inornatus), Arctic Warbler (Ph. borealis), Dusky Warbler (Ph. fuscatus), Radde’s Warbler (Ph. schwarzi), Two-barred Warbler (Ph. plumbeitarsus) and compared the migration dynamic characteristics with their European occurrence time. The study was carried out within the Amur Bird Project in the Russian Far East along the river Amur at Muraviovka Park between 2011 and 2014. The birds were caught with mistnets and ringed with individually numbered rings. For the characterization of the migration, we used timing, the intervals and the peaks of the migration, the percentage of the recaptures and the average time between the first and the last captures. The timing of migration in the studied species differed in the timing, the intervals (30-67 days) and the migration peaks (14 August - 17 September).

Considering the size and location of the distribution area, the timing and annual patterns of European occurrences, it is likely that most individuals of Thick-billed Warbler, Pallas’s Grasshopper Warbler, Dusky Warbler, Radde’s Warbler and Two-barred Warbler get to Europe due to the impact of Siberian cyclones. In case of Yellow- browed Warblers, other factors (reverse migration, weather conditions, dispersal movements) may also play a role. Because of their Scandinavian breeding populations, dispersion movement is the most likely reason for vagrants of Arctic Warbler and Lanceolated Warbler. The distribution of the Black-browed Reed Warbler is limited to the eastern edge of the continent, and therefore this species has no European record to date.
On Realistically Attacking Tor with Website Fingerprinting
Authors: Wang Tao , Goldberg Ian
Published: July 2016

Website fingerprinting allows a local, passive observer monitoring a web-browsing client’s encrypted channel to determine her web activity. Previous attacks have shown that website fingerprinting could be a threat to anonymity networks such as Tor under laboratory conditions. However, there are significant differences between laboratory conditions and realistic conditions. First, in laboratory tests we collect the training data set together with the testing data set, so the training data set is fresh, but an attacker may not be able to maintain a fresh data set. Second, laboratory packet sequences correspond to a single page each, but for realistic packet sequences the split between pages is not obvious. Third, packet sequences may include background noise from other types of web traffic. These differences adversely affect website fingerprinting under realistic conditions. In this paper, we tackle these three problems to bridge the gap between laboratory and realistic conditions for website fingerprinting. We show that we can maintain a fresh training set with minimal resources. We demonstrate several classification-based techniques that allow us to split full packet sequences effectively into sequences corresponding to a single page each. We describe several new algorithms for tackling background noise. With our techniques, we are able to build the first website fingerprinting system that can operate directly on packet sequences collected in the wild.
Privacy vs. Reward in Indoor Location-Based Services
Authors: Fawaz Kassem , Kim Kyu-Han , Shin Kang G.
Published: July 2016

With the advance of indoor localization technology, indoor location-based services (ILBS) are gaining popularity. They, however, accompany privacy concerns. ILBS providers track the users’ mobility to learn more about their behavior, and then provide them with improved and personalized services. Our survey of 200 individuals highlighted their concerns about this tracking for potential leakage of their personal/private traits, but also showed their willingness to accept reduced tracking for improved service. In this paper, we propose PR-LBS (Privacy vs. Reward for Location-Based Service), a system that addresses these seemingly conflicting requirements by balancing the users’ privacy concerns and the benefits of sharing location information in indoor location tracking environments. PR-LBS relies on a novel location-privacy criterion to quantify the privacy risks pertaining to sharing indoor location information. It also employs a repeated play model to ensure that the received service is proportionate to the privacy risk. We implement and evaluate PR-LBS extensively with various real-world user mobility traces. Results show that PR-LBS has low overhead, protects the users’ privacy, and makes a good tradeoff between the quality of service for the users and the utility of shared location data for service providers.
Achieving Better Privacy for the 3GPP AKA Protocol
Authors: Fouque Pierre-Alain , Onete Cristina , Richard Benjamin
Published: July 2016

Proposed by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) as a standard for 3G and 4G mobile-network communications, the AKA protocol is meant to provide a mutually-authenticated key-exchange between clients and associated network servers. As a result AKA must guarantee the indistinguishability from random of the session keys (key-indistinguishability), as well as client- and server-impersonation resistance. A paramount requirement is also that of client privacy, which 3GPP defines in terms of: user identity confidentiality, service untraceability, and location untraceability. Moreover, since servers are sometimes untrusted (in the case of roaming), the AKA protocol must also protect clients with respect to these third parties. Following the description of client-tracking attacks e.g. by using error messages or IMSI catchers, van den Broek et al. and respectively Arapinis et al. each proposed a new variant of AKA, addressing such problems. In this paper we use the approach of provable security to show that these variants still fail to guarantee the privacy of mobile clients. We propose an improvement of AKA, which retains most of its structure and respects practical necessities such as key-management, but which provably attains security with respect to servers and Man-in-the- Middle (MiM) adversaries. Moreover, it is impossible to link client sessions in the absence of client-corruptions. Finally, we prove that any variant of AKA retaining its mutual authentication specificities cannot achieve client-unlinkability in the presence of corruptions. In this sense, our proposed variant is optimal.
Privacy Challenges in the Quantified Self Movement – An EU Perspective
Authors: Leibenger Dominik , Möllers Frederik , Petrlic Anna , Petrlic Ronald , Sorge Christoph
Published: July 2016

The gathering of data about oneself (such as running speed, pulse, breathing rate, food consumption, etc.) is rapidly becoming more popular, and has lead to the catch phrase “Quantified Self” (QS). While this trend creates opportunities both for individuals and for society, it also creates risks, due to the data’s personal and often sensitive nature. Countering these risks, while keeping the benefits of QS services, is a task both for the legal system and for the technical community. However, it should also take users’ expectations into account. We therefore analyze the legal situation of QS services based on European law and the privacy policies of some major service providers to clarify the practical consequences for users. We present the result of a study concerning the users’ views on privacy, revealing a conflict between the user’s expectations and the providers’ practices. To help resolve the conflict, we discuss how existing and future privacy-enhancing technologies can avoid the risks associated with QS services.
On the (In)effectiveness of Mosaicing and Blurring as Tools for Document Redaction
Authors: Hill Steven , Zhou Zhimin , Saul Lawrence , Shacham Hovav
Published: July 2016

In many online communities, it is the norm to redact names and other sensitive text from posted screenshots. Sometimes solid bars are used; sometimes a blur or other image transform is used. We consider the effectiveness of two popular image transforms - mosaicing (also known as pixelization) and blurring - for redaction of text. Our main finding is that we can use a simple but powerful class of statistical models - so-called hidden Markov models (HMMs) - to recover both short and indefinitely long instances of redacted text. Our approach borrows on the success of HMMs for automatic speech recognition, where they are used to recover sequences of phonemes from utterances of speech. Here we use HMMs in an analogous way to recover sequences of characters from images of redacted text. We evaluate an implementation of our system against multiple typefaces, font sizes, grid sizes, pixel offsets, and levels of noise. We also decode numerous real-world examples of redacted text. We conclude that mosaicing and blurring, despite their widespread usage, are not viable approaches for text redaction.
Analysis of independent components of cognitive event related potentials in a group of ADHD adults
Authors: Markovska-Simoska Silvana , Pop-Jordanova Nada , Pop-Jordanov Jordan
Published: July 2016

In the last decade, many studies have tried to define the neural correlates of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The main aim of this study is the comparison of the ERPs independent components in the four QEEG subtypes in a group of ADHD adults as a basis for defining the corresponding endophenotypes among ADHD population.

Sixty-seven adults diagnosed as ADHD according to the DSM-IV criteria and 50 age-matched control subjects participated in the study. The brain activity of the subjects was recorded by 19 channel quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG) system in two neuropsychological tasks (visual and emotional continuous performance tests). The ICA method was applied for separation of the independent ERPs components. The components were associated with distinct psychological operations, such as engagement operations (P3bP component), comparison (vcomTL and vcom TR), motor inhibition (P3supF) and monitoring (P4monCC) operations.

The ERPs results point out that there is disturbance in executive functioning in investigated ADHD group obtained by the significantly lower amplitude and longer latency for the engagement (P3bP), motor inhibition (P3supF) and monitoring (P4monCC) components. Particularly, the QEEG subtype IV was with the most significant ERPs differences comparing to the other subtypes.

In particular, the most prominent difference in the ERPs independent components for the QEEG subtype IV in comparison to other three subtypes, rise many questions and becomes the subject for future research.

This study aims to advance and facilitate the use of neurophysiological procedures (QEEG and ERPs) in clinical practice as objective measures of ADHD for better assessment, subtyping and treatment of ADHD.
Spaced learning and innovative teaching: school time, pedagogy of attention and learning awareness
Authors: Garzia Maeca , Mangione Giuseppina Rita , Longo Leonarda , Pettenati Maria Chiara
Published: July 2016

Currently, the ‘time’ variable has taken on the function of instructional and pedagogical innovation catalyst, after representing-over the years-a symbol of democratisation, learning opportunity and instruction quality, able to incorporate themes such as school dropout, personalisation and vocation into learning. Spaced Learning is a teaching methodology useful to quickly seize information in long-term memory based on a particular arrangement of the lesson time that comprises three input sessions and two intervals. Herein we refer to a teachers’ training initiative on Spaced Learning within the programme ‘DocentiInFormAzione’ in the EDOC@WORK3.0 Project in Apulia region in 2015. The training experience aimed at increasing teachers’ competencies in the Spaced Learning method implemented in a context of collaborative reflection and reciprocal enrichment. The intent of the article is to show how a process of rooting of the same culture of innovation, which opens to the discovery (or rediscovery) of effective teaching practices sustained by scientific evidences, can be successfully implemented and to understand how or whether this innovation- based on the particular organisation of instructional time-links learning awareness to learning outcomes.
English with Flying Colors: The Aviation English and the International Civil Aviation Organization
Authors: Kraśnicka Izabela
Published: July 2016

There are several reasons for the English language to become lingua franca of aviation including some historical turning points for the world aviation and some specific linguistic features of the language itself. This paper aims to firstly present a short, yet interesting history of implementation of English as standardized language for aviation. It will provide introductory historical background, establishment of arguments necessary for standardization and leading to the implementation of the Language Proficiency Requirements (LPRs) within the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). It will then provide an overview of the ICAO’s actions to support its members states in implementation of the English language standards for aviation and try to evaluate the effects based on the powers granted to the Organization. Such evaluation will be presented in the comparative perspective with the powers and instruments used within the European Union to achieve the same goal - standardization of the aviation English.
Illegal, Legal, Irregular or Regular – Who is the Incoming Foreigner?
Authors: Perkowska Magdalena
Published: July 2016

Irregular migration is a global topic which currently occupies a central position especially in Europe. Illegal migration as a concept covers a number of rather different issues. We can find different terms as clandestine migration, illegal entry, irregular migrant, undocumented migrant irregular migration etc., to name the phenomenon of illegal entry, illegal stay or overstaying a visa-free travel period. In the context of legal instruments and recommendations of the United Nations and European Union, this article tries to present the multitude of terms and definitions concerning the phenomenon of migration that is unusual to rules and regulations, and its authors who neither recognise nor follow legal migration procedure. The article also endeavours to present the terms which are mostly used in legal discourse and examples of particular acts and contexts in which they are used.