bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Village Development Planning Strategy to Increase Community Welfare in Kimi Bay District, Nabire Regency
Authors: Pesiwarissa Eduard Lodewyk
Published: September 2021

The purpose of the study was to determine the development planning strategy in improving the welfare of the community in Teluk Kimi District, Nabire Regency. The research applied qualitative and descriptive reaserch methods to gather primary data. Sources of data gathering ranges from informants, events and documents review. The data collection techniques were done by means of interviews, observations and documentation. In Teluk Kimi District, Nabire Regency, there are 5 villages consisting of: 1, Samabusa Village; 2. Air Mandidi Village; 3. Kimi Village; 4. Lani Village; 5.Waharia village, with samples using purposive Snow Balling technique. As many as 43 respondents are local government, district government, village government and community leaders. Method of analysis applying SWOT analysis. The results of the study are, strategic planning for village development in Teluk Kimi District, Nabire Regency has several strategies that can be done in the village development prograns by utilizing majority of the population who are still of productive age. Increasing the capacity of village and community apparatus, Utilizing existing village facilities and infrastructure, exploring and developing potential nature to the maximum, Establish good cooperation and communication between institutions to achieve the village development mission, build priority facilities and infrastructure to support the community's economy, Improve the village economy through Village Owned Enterprises, Increase empowerment activities for the community, maintain order and security at the village well, Preserving local wisdom, arts and culture in the Mee Pago area in a heterogeneous environment in Teluk Kimi District, Nabire Regency.
The Standard of Selecting Friends and Its Effect on Friendship Quality among College students
Authors: HOU Yongmei , Jiaxin Kuang
Published: September 2021

Objective  To explore the present status of standard of selecting friends and friendship quality, and analyze the effect of standard of selecting friends on friendship quality among undergraduates. Methods A random sampling was used to select 1002 undergraduates through Internet in Guangdong province. They were investigated with Standard of Selecting Friend Scale for College Students (SSFS) and McGill Friendship Questionnaire (MFQ). Results ⑴ The friendship quality of undergraduates was relatively high, with MFQ total score of (254.16±38.80). ⑵ The most important standards of selecting friends were mutual compatibility and complementarity, followed by personality, physiology condition, social conditions and other conditions. ⑶ Multivariable stepwise linear regression showed that the total score of MFQ was positively correlated with the following 4 factors such as mutual compatibility and complementarity, personality, as well as other conditions (β=.477～.690，all P<.001). Conclusion The overall level of friendship quality among undergraduates is relatively high. Mutual characteristics may be related factors of friendship quality.
The Tokyo Tribunal: Precedent for Victor’s Justice II
Authors: Pathak Professor Bishnu
Published: September 2021

Besides, previous publication of Nuremberg Tribunal: A Precedent for Victor’s Justice (2020), the study is named as The Tokyo Tribunal: Precedent for Victor’s Justice II. The bombings at Hiroshima and Nagasaki were heinous crimes against humankind that caused physical, material, socio-cultural, and emotional losses. The bombings violated humanitarian law. This paper aims to find out the situations of the investigation, prosecution and punishment, and analyse the preference for justice: victor’s justice or victim’s justice. During World War II, anti-communist Emperor Hirohito actively led Japan decorated by the Army’s uniform but pretended to be a ceremonial Emperor making scapegoats to his opponents. Former Prime Ministers Konoe and Tojo were conspiratorially assassinated. Hirohito bribed callous US Army General Douglas MacArthur. MacArthur ordered to gather testimonies to prove Hirohito as innocent. The Tokyo Tribunal was biased since it did not speak a word against the indiscriminate bombings and mass killings in Chinese cities, among others. The Tribunal had a pseudo justice body, highly influenced by the US military and retributive justice doctrines. Judges were appointed from each allied victor excluding from Japan. Five of the 11 Judges submitted separate opinions on their judgment. Justice had been elusive for the innocent, weak, and poor victims. Most crimes committed went unpunished. The Tribunal ironically ensured the victor’s justice, further limiting the victim’s justice. Thus, the Tribunal appeared as a sword in a judge's toupee.
Training of prosocial skills to migrant groups through serious games
Authors: TOUNTOPOULOU MARIA , Drosos Nikos , Triantafillopoulou Maria-Eirini , Vlachaki Fotini , Daras Petros , Vretos Nicholas , Lelis Athanasios
Published: September 2021

Due to forced migration migrants, asylum seekers and refugees finding themselves in a new cultural environment and trying to build a new life, they need to feel affiliated, to achieve peer acceptance among natives and diverse migrant groups. Such affiliation needs can be achieved by tailored training interventions aiming to promote the development of prosocial skills of cultural diverse groups, as alternative actions to facilitate better migrants’/asylum seekers/refugees’ integration into the host society. The scope of this survey is to study the short-term effects of a social skills and prosocial behaviour training for adult migrants, refugees or asylum seekers. The method is based on the theory of prosociality and explores the effectiveness of a prosocial game in the development of prosocial skills, which are considered important for the social and emotional wellbeing and smoother integration of migrant groups in the new host community. A pre-test-post-test design was used, assigning 110 migrant participants to either an experimental or a control group and comparing them on their prosocial skills as evaluated through the NADINE questionnaire. Those who played the game significantly improved in their teamwork and interpersonal skills. Although further research should be made on the use of serious games in Social Emotional Learning (SEL) in migrant adults, this study adds to the research literature, supporting the potential of a game-based SEL intervention for effectively assisting migrant groups develop their prosocial skills and facilitating their better integration into the host society.
INFLUENCE OF PRE-MARITAL COUNSELLING ON SUSTAINABILITY OF MARRIAGES IN GREATER ACCRA REGION, GHANA
Authors: Kissi-Abrokwah Bernard , Aboyom Anontise Isaac
Published: September 2021

The study focused on elements discussed during pre-marital counselling and how those elements mediate on the sustainability of marriages in Greater Accra Region. Concurrent triangulation mixed method design was chosen for the study. For the quantitative phase 100 marriage people were randomly selected from 10 churches. At the qualitative phase 4 head pastors were conveniently selected from the 10 churches. Mean and standard deviation was used to analysed the questionnaire for the quantitative phase while the semi-structured interview scheduled was thematically analysed to explain issues as they emerged in the study. The study showed conflict resolution, communication, adjusting to individual difference, sex and romance, family lifecycles in marriage and separation from past-memories and families were some elements discussed during pre-marital counselling to help sustain the marriages. Again, respondents were of the view that pre-marital counselling is vital for the sustainability of marriages and should be made compulsory for new couples. Lastly, it was revealed the philosophy of pre-marital counselling is not only being aware of potential land mines in their relationship, but to equip married people to learn the skills necessary to successfully deal with challenges throughout their marriage which help in the sustainability. Therefore, it was recommended that the churches should employ professional counsellors who understand the principle of marriage counselling to perform the act of counselling and follow-up service should be done to check if the elements discussed during pre-marital counselling are being put into practice.
RN Perception of a Staff-Driven Professional Development Program
Authors: Fardellone Christine , Meyer Jennifer , Woolforde Launette
Published: September 2021

Nurses who participate in the clinical ladder professional development program have an opportunity to grow at the bedside, gain experience, and improve in the care they provide to their patients. Learning more about the clinical ladder members and how to attract additional members is necessary. The clinical ladder program was developed to promote personal growth and professional development of bedside nurses. Clinical ladder programs have become increasingly well known for the ability to promote job satisfaction, improve employee engagement, and strengthen the quality of nursing care. The theoretical framework of the clinical ladder program is based on Patricia Benner’s Model, “Novice to Expert”. This study will evaluate registered nurses’ perceptions of the effectiveness of the clinical ladder program and the importance of financial compensation. Effectiveness of the program is defined as providing an environment that recognizes clinical excellence and enables nurses to grow in their clinical ability. A convenience sample of 341 staff clinical ladder nurses employed in the Northwell Health System responded to the demographic questionnaire and the Clinical Ladder Assessment Tool survey. The data from the subjective responses were analyzed. Clinical ladder nurses scored 32/36 (89%) responses as positive. Overall, the program was effectively orchestrated. More than 50% of the nurses scored financial compensation as greatest importance. Statistical significance was reported in the perceived effectiveness of the clinical ladder program based on ladder level. The clinical ladder program continues to empower nurses to participate in professional and self-development. The clinical ladder program provides opportunities for collaborating, mentoring, developing new knowledge, engaging in the decision-making process, and acting as advocates and leaders for patient care. Organizations who continue to support professional development of bedside nurses will experience innovations which influence all levels of the health care system.
same way you became Cesar."
Authors: Álvarez José Maurício
Published: September 2021

In this essay, we debate the image of the Roman Empire represented in films produced by mainstream Hollywood cinema, whose Jewish-Christian ideological matrix placed Rome as the image of evil instead of an excellent idea in the North American version. In contrast, we will analyze Fellini's film Satyricon, which, distanced from the conventions of the historical film produced during the Cold War, created a dreamlike image of Rome and its Empire. Secondly, we will see the historical context of Petronius' work situated at the end of the reign of Emperor Nero. At the time, diversified sexuality presented man's power as a phallic power, which penetrates and rapes as a supremacy strategy. The Emperor is an actor-governor employing wiles and violence to reach the throne and maintain himself there. Petronius portrays the emergence of a new female sensuality whose morals oscillated between Vestal's virginal purity, the wife's pudititas, and sexual bestiality. At the same time, Fellini's film recreates the cultural environment of the classical world shaped by literature and the image of the city of Rome as Cosmopolis or Anthopolis. The ambiguous characters move freely and incessantly through the corners of the Roman Empire. The struggle for power and the representations of pagan religiosity show human beings surrendered to their cunning as a strategy for survival and overcoming existential evils. In conclusion, we will see that both works, Petronius' Satyrica and Fellini's Satyricon, present themselves with their independent and intertwined narratives, composing the account of a journey like the Odyssey, metaphor of the incompleteness of human life and the impermanence of the sexual pleasure and the transience of power.
Possibility of realizing Green Innovation by Urban Social Enterprises in Indonesia
Authors: Suprobo Filipus Priyo , Laksmana Arsono , Wulani Fenika
Published: September 2021

This study examines environmental innovation as a prominent strategic issue in the current development of business practices. According to preliminary studies, profit-based business practices are used to determine the success of environmental innovation as superior competitiveness. Countries in Asia prioritize business development based on economic development, with social and environmental functions included in other agendas. However, this is contradictory with the phenomenon of Surabaya, where environmental-based urban social enterprises actors actually complement the role of the city government by carrying out the function of a hybrid organization (profit and social) with environmentally friendly practices. Therefore, this study aims to determine the possibility of urban social enterprises in Indonesia to obtain green innovation. This is a systematic research with 4 (four) strategic factors and conceptual models that makeup 6 (six) propositions formulated based on the scope of knowledge management theory and resource-based view. This conceptual model that connects green knowledge sharing, entrepreneurial orientation, dynamic capability, and innovation performance is still relatively rare and needs to be tested to determine its theoretical resilience. The novelty of this model is formulated from contextual urban and regional social enterprises in Indonesia, therefore, it is expected to provide ready-to-test opportunities to be duplicated in other urban areas in the world that have the same contextual organizational functions and environmentally friendly business base.
Research of parasites with zoonotic potential for humans in skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis)
Authors: Maia de Aquino Clarissa , Gomes dos Santos Gracienhe , Laterça Martins Maur´ício , Maria Scussel Vildes
Published: September 2021

The skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) is commonly found in the tropical waters of the oceans. It is a fishing resource of high economic value and available for national and international markets. Therefore, it is important to know the fish parasites for a correct sanitary inspection, as the pathogenesis in humans can occur through spoliative, toxic or mechanical action. This study aimed to identify the zoonotic parasitic fauna that infects the beautiful-striped using morphological methods. A total of 06 samples were analyzed. The fish were necropsied for parasitological evaluation of the musculature and internal organs. The samples were visually inspected and the structures with morphology combining with parasitic shapes were analyzed both in stereoscopic and microscope. The parasites found were fixed in 70% alcohol for later identification. All samples showed the presence of zoonotic parasites for humans. Two genera of zoonotic parasites have been found for humans that have beautiful tuna as their hosts, namely Anisakis sp. (Nematoda) and Trypanorhyncha (Eucestoda). A 100% of the infections occurred in the muscles and 66.6% in the liver. The results reinforced the importance of inspection by responsible organisms on the importance of evisceration as quickly as possible to avoid migration of larvae to the muscle.
Production of xylanase by Aspergillus sp. ART500.1 on agroindustrial residues and its biochemical properties
Authors: Ribeiro Lima Ana Karoliny , Dias Batista Ryhára , Pereira Araújo Luciana , Ribeiro da Silva Sabrina , Vieira-Almeida Erika Carolina , Almeida Alex Fernando
Published: September 2021

The aim of this work was to evaluate the use of different agro-industrial residues for the production of xylanase by Aspergillus sp. ART 100.1, as well as analyzing the biochemical properties of the enzyme. Agroindustrial residues malt bagasse, pineapple crown, açaí bagasse and soybean husk present in large quantities in the Tocantins region were used to evaluate the production of xylanase. Cultivation conditions for xylanase production were evaluated in submerged and solid-state cultivation. The highest production of xylanase in submerged cultivation was obtained using soybean husk residue (23.60 U/mL), while, for solid-state cultivation conditions, the highest production of xylanase was obtained with malt bagasse (110.00 U/g). The effect of additives to the culture medium was also evaluated, with the best result for the use of the xylose additive in the pineapple crown in solid-state cultivation. The enzyme produced in solid-state cultivation was characterized in terms of pH and temperature. The optimum activity pH was observed at 5.0 and for temperature at 55 °C. The xylanase was stable in a pH range between 4 and 5 and retained 50% of its activity at 45 °C after 110 minutes. The Aspergillus sp. ART 500.1 presents potential for the production of xylanase using agro-industrial residues, enabling the development of bioprocesses for the scaling of production.
Produção de goma xantana por cepa selvagem de Xanthomonas spp. usando soro de leite como substrato na fermentação
Authors: De Sousa Ferraz Fabriele , Alves Braga Rodrigues Ana Clara , Machado de Abreu Danilo José , Veras de Souza Roseane , De Almeida Alex Fernando , Santos Claudia Cristina Auler do
Published: September 2021

A goma xantana é um biopolímero microbiano de grande importância na indústria alimentícia. A produção desse polissacarídeo é influenciada diretamente pelas condições de cultivo, linhagens e substratos empregados como sacarose e glicose, o que tornam o processo oneroso. A busca por linhagens que apresentem boa relação quantidade/qualidade e por substratos que diminuam o custo de produção, como por exemplo os resíduos agroindustriais, tem sido foco de pesquisas recentes. O presente estudo visou produzir goma xantana utilizando o soro de leite em substituição parcial da sacarose no meio de fermentação, na proporção de 1:1. Utilizou-se a cepa selvagem de Xanthomonas sp. MN37.2, isolada de tecidos foliares de mangueira. A Fermentação controle foi conduzida com meio contendo 50g/L de sacarose. As fermentações foram realizadas à 28°C, à 180 rpm por 96 horas. O pH decaiu de 6,54 para 5,18 durante o processo fermentativo da cepa e a população de células viáveis aumentou de 10,15 log UFC/mL para 11,69 log UFC/mL. O rendimento de produção da goma na fermentação com adição de soro de leite foi de 62,13% quando comparado à fermentação com sacarose como única fonte de carbono, sendo 30,35 g/L e 48,85 g/L, respectivamente. Portanto, o soro de leite demonstra potencial para ser empregado como substrato de baixo custo na obtenção de goma xantana por bactérias do gênero Xanthomonas. Entretanto, estudos de otimização da formulação do meio de fermentação, bem como controle das etapas de recuperação da goma devem ser realizados afim de viabilizar a utilização em escala industrial desse subproduto.
马来西亚华人新生代多语能力与家庭语言规划状况调查——基于两个个案的比较研究
Authors: 敏 姚 , 佳珉 徐
Published: September 2021

Based on the correlation between the multilingual ability of new generation Malaysian Chinese and language awareness within ethnic Chinese families, this study selects two typical fifth grade students of a Malaysian Chinese primary school as research objects and analyzes the impact of language awareness in two different ethnic Chinese families on children’s language ability. Research by means of two-way questionnaires, in-depth interviews, text analyses of Chinese and English compositions and comparison of Chinese, Malay and English language results reveals outstanding Chinese language ability in Case A while Case B shows remarkable English language ability. The findings indicate that Malaysian Chinese generally possess trilingual advantages while the ability of each particular language varies from person to person, which in turn is profoundly influenced by family language planning and attitude. The paper evinces that cultural consciousness among ethnic Chinese and awareness of ethnic language continuity, as reflected in family language practices, are main factors enabling Malaysian Chinese to retain a high level of Chinese language ability in a society substantially dominated by Malay culture.
Simulation of different reordering policies for optimizing the inventory of perishable food: an Italian case study
Authors: Piva Elena , Tebaldi Letizia , Vignali Giuseppe , Bottani Eleonora
Published: September 2021

Inventory management represents one of the main criticalities that companies have to face. The challenge is twofold: being able to satisfy a demand whose behavior can significantly vary and be unpredictable in order to avoid stock-out situations, whilst limiting excessive stocks and consequently costs. Some factors can complicate this already inherently difficult task. An example is the presence of constraints on the time for storage, which is the typical case for perishable products such as food and beverages, core business of the Italian company subject of the case study described in this paper. To optimize the reorder process in that context, a simulation model was developed for evaluating the potentials of three traditional reordering policies (i.e., Re-Order Point, Re-Order Interval, and (s, S)) to be applied to a set of products managed by the company, including perishable items, and for testing their performance. The items tested were selected through a preliminary ABC analysis, carried out on the volumes handled. A comparison with the current performance of the company’s and that achievable with the optimized policies is proposed.
Impact of yoga and physical exercise on psychological wellbeing among substance abusers: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Gaihre Ananda , Sasidharan Rajesh Kumar , Bista Suman , Poudel Lisasha , Khadka Rakshya , Rajbhandari Bibek
Published: September 2021

Objectives

Substance use disorder is a pattern of recurrent use of illicit substances that leads to severe psychosocial imbalance and recurrent relapse. The study was to evaluate the efficacy of a yoga-based intervention as an add-on in enhancing psychological wellbeing, compared with physical exercise among substance abusers.

Methods

In this randomized controlled study, 96 male participants with substance use disorder from a residential rehabilitation treatment center, Kathmandu, Nepal, were randomly allocated into two groups namely the yoga group (n=48, mean age ± SD=25.18 ± 6.43) and the physical exercise group (n=48, mean age ± SD=25.02 ± 5.02). The participants in the yoga group attended the 90 min yoga sessions for 12 weeks (six days per week) whereas the physical exercise group attended exercise sessions for the same duration. Above mentioned interventions were in addition to standard rehabilitation treatment. The study measured the Self-Control, Anxiety, Depression, Sleep parameters, and Mindfulness at the baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention.

Results

A significant enhancement in self-control was observed in both the yoga (p<0.033, d=0.33) and the exercise group (p<0.038, d=0.32). Yoga group showed significant improvement in mindfulness score (p<0.017, d=0.37), whereas exercise group did not show any significant changes in mindfulness (p<0.169, d=0.21). The depression and anxiety scores reduced significantly in both yoga (p<0.044, d=0.31; p<0.025, d=0.35 resp.) and exercise (p<0.032, d=0.34. p<0.039, d=0.32. resp.) group. Furthermore, significant reduction was seen in sleep disturbance after yoga (p<0.001, d=0.52) and exercise (p<0.001, d=0.78) intervention. The sleep – somnolence score reduced significantly only in yoga group (p<0.020, d=0.36). The magnitude of improvement was higher in the yoga group than physical exercise group on self-control, mindfulness, depression, anxiety and some sleep parameters, however the between group differences could not reach to the level of significance.

Conclusions

The 12 week yoga intervention did not appear to be significantly more effective than the 12 week physical exercise program on psychological wellbeing in male participants with substance use disorder. However, greater improvement in psychological wellbeing was observed within the yoga group. In future, a multi-centric study with robust design, larger sample size and longer follow-up is required to conform the present results and to find out the difference between the impacts of yoga and physical exercise on psychological wellbeing in substance abusers.
Application of the Color Etching Technique for Non-Ferrous Metals
Authors: Weilnhammer G.
Published: September 2021

Color etching provides additional information that standard etchants do not or only insufficiently reveal – in different steels but also in virtually all non-ferrous metals.

This works aims at presenting the possibilities this technology provides by using the examples of aluminum, copper, nickel, titanium materials, and cast iron, while also pointing out its limits.
Immune modulations and immunotherapies for Alzheimer’s disease: a comprehensive review
Authors: Mahdiabadi Sara , Momtazmanesh Sara , Perry George , Rezaei Nima
Published: September 2021

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia, is characterized by progressive cognitive and memory impairment ensued from neuronal dysfunction and eventual death. Intraneuronal deposition of tau proteins and extracellular senile amyloid-β plaques have ruled as the supreme postulations of AD for a relatively long time, and accordingly, a wide range of therapeutics, especially immunotherapies have been implemented. However, none of them resulted in significant positive cognitive outcomes. Especially, the repetitive failure of anti-amyloid therapies proves the inefficiency of the amyloid cascade hypothesis, suggesting that it is time to reconsider this hypothesis. Thus, for the time being, the focus is being shifted to neuroinflammation as a third core pathology in AD. Neuroinflammation was previously considered a result of the two aforementioned phenomena, but new studies suggest that it might play a causal role in the pathogenesis of AD. Neuroinflammation can act as a double-edged sword in the pathogenesis of AD, and the activation of glial cells is indispensable for mediating such attenuating or detrimental effects. The association of immune-related genes polymorphisms with the clinical phenotype of AD as well as the protective effect of anti-inflammatory drugs like nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs supports the possible causal role of neuroinflammation in AD. Here, we comprehensively review immune-based therapeutic approaches toward AD, including monoclonal antibodies and vaccines. We also discuss their efficacy and underlying reasons for shortcomings. Lastly, we highlight the capacity of modulating the neuroimmune interactions and targeting neuroinflammation as a promising opportunity for finding optimal treatments for AD.
Pain medication use for musculoskeletal pain among children and adolescents: a systematic review
Authors: Al-Janabi Nabil , Olesen Anne Estrup , Straszek Christian Lund , Guldhammer Clara , Rathleff Michael Skovdal , Andreucci Alessandro
Published: September 2021

Objectives

Musculoskeletal pain is common among children and adolescents. Despite the lack of evidence regarding harms and benefits, musculoskeletal pain is often managed with pain medication. The aim of this systematic review is to assess the prevalence of pain medication use for musculoskeletal pain among children and adolescents and the factors and side effects associated with use.

Content

Three databases (EMBASE, CINAHL and PsychINFO) were systematically searched to identify studies designed to examine the prevalence, frequency or factors associated with the use of pain medication for musculoskeletal pain in children and adolescents (aged 6–19 years). The included studies were assessed for study quality and data were extracted.

The search initially provided 20,135 studies. After screening titles, abstracts and full-texts, 20 studies were included. In school settings, 8–42% of children used pain medication for musculoskeletal pain, and 67–75% of children in sports clubs and from pain clinics used pain medication. The most consistent factors associated with the use of pain medications were pain characteristics and psychological factors (e.g. being bullied, low-self-esteem), while mixed evidence was found for increasing age and female gender. Only two studies reported on the duration of use and only one study on adverse effects related to the use of pain medication.

Outlook

We found that 8–42% of adolescents from school-based samples use pain medication for MSK pain, while the prevalence among adolescents from sports clubs and pain clinics is higher (67–75%). Pain characteristics (pain duration, severity, intensity, disability levels and the presence of ≥2 pain conditions or multisite pain) and psychological factors were associated with a higher use of pain medication, while for higher age and female gender the evidence of association was mixed. Future studies should systematically collect information on the type, duration of use of pain medication and side effects to confirm the findings of this review.
The Current State of Big Data Research in Tourism:
Results of a Systematic Literature Analysis
Authors: Hartmann Kim , Lederer Matthias
Published: September 2021

The use of large and diverse data in real time (called Big Data) affects many business processes and models. The tourism industry, characterized by manifold sub-sectors and players, provides a variety of starting points for Big Data usage. Examples are the optimization of transport offers using transaction data or a comprehensive analysis of destination trends based on social media posts. Big Data is a trending topic, however, the general discourse centres around potential ideas but fewer practical solutions. Based on a systematic literature analysis of initially 148 peer-reviewed journal articles, this article evaluates the current state of Big Data research within tourism. For this purpose, research articles centering around tourism-related Big Data were investigated according to the actual state of implementation of an IT solution, whether they truly grasp or represent Big Data in technological terms, and which added value they create for the tourism industry and research community. One key finding is that traditional data analysis is often wrongfully subsumed under the Big Data label. Further, the scientific literature predominantly discusses ideas or theoretical considerations, fewer tangible Big Data implementations, and fails to address and/or meet all requirements to be classified as Big Data. Only a minority of the presented solutions processes data in real time, whereas many rely on only one data source or structured data. Furthermore, most articles revolve around post-trip data analyses and are set to a destination context. In contrast, other tourism sectors as well as data interpretation and usage in pre-trip and on-trip phases are less represented. Lastly, this literature analysis provides an overview of true Big Data solutions already in operation and enables researchers to validly classify their own research activities in order to plan initiatives more specifically.
EuTMg2 (T = Pd, Ag, Ir, Pt, Au), EuTCd2 (T = Pd, Pt, Au) and CaRhMg2 – intermetallic compounds with orthorhombically distorted tetrahedral magnesium (cadmium) substructures
Authors: Klenner Steffen , Reimann Maximilian Kai , Pöttgen Rainer
Published: September 2021

The magnesium- and cadmium-rich intermetallic phases EuTMg2 (T = Rh, Pd, Ag, Ir, Pt, Au), EuTCd2 (T = Pd, Pt, Au) and CaRhMg2 were synthesized from the elements in sealed niobium or tantalum ampoules and with heat treatments in muffle or induction furnaces. The samples were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction and the structures were refined from single crystal X-ray diffractometer data. EuTMg2 (T = Pd, Ag, Pt, Au) and EuTCd2 (T = Pd, Pt, Au) crystallize with the MgCuAl2 type, space group Cmcm, while EuRhMg2, EuIrMg2 and CaRhMg2 adopt the YSiPd2 type, space group Pnma. The striking crystal chemical motif of both series of compounds are networks of puckered Mg(Cd) hexagons in ABAB stacking sequence that derive from the aristotype AlB2; however, with different tiling. Temperature dependent magnetic susceptibility and 151Eu Mössbauer spectroscopic measurements indicate stable divalent europium. Antiferromagnetic ordering sets in at 20.2 (EuIrMg2), 22.3 (EuPdMg2), 21.3 (EuAgMg2), 10.9 (EuPdCd2) and 15.5 K (EuPtCd2), respectively. The stable antiferromagnetic ground states are substantiated by metamagnetic transitions. The 151Eu isomer shifts show a linear correlation with the valence electron count for the whole series of EuTMg2, EuTCd2, EuTIn2 and EuTSn2 phases.
Business Strategies and the Law: Three Types of Entrepreneurial Processes from a Legal History Perspective
Authors: Pahlow Louis , Teupe Sebastian
Published: September 2021

The relationship between business strategies and legal institutions is important for understanding the historical dynamics of modern capitalism. While legal history and economic history have remained distinct disciplines, a growing number of studies now populates a vibrant «borderland» between the two. Building on frameworks of legal history, organization studies, and «new entrepreneurial history», our contribution systematizes the relation of entrepreneurship and the law from a historical perspective of change. This paper explains how an analysis of this specific relation contributes to our understanding of economic change and addresses the question of synthesis and interdisciplinary connectivity by offering a conceptual triad that focuses on the problems of agency and change at the intersection of businesses and the law. This paper argues that economic actors have used, sought, and avoided laws to transform their legal and economic environments. Each of these interactions combined a distinct set of variables conceptualized as legal business creativity, legal-institutional entrepreneurship, and Schumpeterian rule-breaking.
Handlungsspielräume in Umbruchszeiten
Authors: Wixforth Harald
Published: September 2021

The Bremer Vulkan AG in Bremen-Vegesack was one of the large companies in Germany for which a high degree of continuity can be demonstrated from the Second World War to the early years of the young Federal Republic of Germany. This applies above all to the shipyard’s management personnel. Under the leadership of its go-getting general manager Robert Kabelac and his fellow board members, Bremer Vulkan became a crucial part of naval armament during the war, especially of submarine construction and thus of the German armaments industry. After the end of the Second World War, this constellation turned out to be by no means a burden for the future development of the company. Kabelac and his colleagues succeeded relatively quickly in having war damage repaired and in again acquiring large orders for the shipyard. This enabled the shipyard to resume its successful performance in the maritime industry during the war. If one compares this success story with the situation of many other prominent companies in the defense industry at the beginning of the 1950s, only a few examples can be found where this was achieved in a similarly impressive manner.
Conservative (non-invasive) management of children with splenic cysts
Authors:   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Prytula V.P. ,   National Children’s Specialized Hospital «Okhmatdyt», Kyiv, Ukraine, Krivchenya D.Yu. ,   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Kuzyk A.S. ,   Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Ukraine, Hussaini S.F. ,   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: September 2021

Surgeons’ views on tactics for treatment of splenic cysts (SC) in children are widely discussed in the literature. Indications and methods of conservative (non-invasive) management (observation) of children with SC is different issue. Purpose – to develop rational tactical approache for conservative (non-invasive) management of children with SC. Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of conservative (non-invasive) management of 90 (33.96%) of 265 patients with SC was performed. Children were not operated if the SC was less than 20 mm (n=61) in diameter. They were first monitored by ultrasound 2 times for 6 months, then – 2 times a year, until puberty. We did not observe the progression of cyst growth in these children. Also did not operate children in whom the size of SC was from 20 to 62 mm, had an asymptomatic course and parents did not consent to surgical treatment (n=29). This is the most difficult group of patients to analyze, as most of them lack information about the dynamic observation. According to the results of dynamic observation in 19 of 29 examined patients’ regression of SC was not observed, which later served as an indication for surgical treatment. Results and conclusions. In the presence of SC, a choice of surgical treatment or conservative (non-invasive) management is possible. Tactical approach for treatment of children with SC is strictly individual and depends on the size and location of the parenchymal lesion. In SC up to 20 mm diameter, conservative (non-invasive) management is rational, which is confirmed by the lack of progression of cyst growth in these children. Dynamic observation of patients with SC with a diameter of more than 20 mm without regression, serves as an indication for surgical treatment. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of an participating institution. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interest was declared by the authors. Key words: spleen cyst, children, conservative, non-invasive, management, results.
Intestinal obstruction caused by Meckel’s diverticulum in children
Authors:   Poltava state medical university, Ukraine, Ksonz I.V. , Grytsenko Ie.M. ,   Poltava state medical university, Ukraine, Grystenko M.I. ,   Municipal enterprise «Children’s City Clinical Hospital of Poltava City Council», Ukraine, Ovchar O.V. ,   Poltava state medical university, Ukraine, Pylypiuk Y.V. ,   Poltava state medical university, Ukraine
Published: September 2021

Meckel’s diverticulum is the most common variant of anomalies of incomplete obliteration of the yolk duct. Among the various malformations of the digestive tract, which can cause intestinal obstruction, Meckel’s diverticulum ranks first and is 1.7%. Purpose – to generalize the results of treatment of children with intestinal obstruction caused by Meckel’s diverticulum. Materials and methods. The experience of treating 183 children with Meckel’s diverticulum and related pathology is summarized. The main complications of Meckel’s diverticulum were intestinal obstruction, bleeding from a peptic ulcer, diverticulitis. In 100 children, the diverticulum was asymptomatic and was an accidental finding during surgery on the abdominal organs for other pathologies. Results. Intestinal obstruction caused by Meckel’s diverticulum accounted for 20.8% of all cases and 45.7% of all diverticulum-related complications. Strangulative intestinal obstruction was diagnosed in 18 patients: in 16 Meckel’s diverticulum caused internal compression, in 1 – torsion of the loops of the small intestine around the fixed diverticulum, in 1 – nodulation. In 5 observations, Meckel’s diverticulum caused the phenomenon of partial intestinal obstruction. Intussusception was detected in 15 children (small intestinal in 6 cases and ileocecal in 9). Clinical cases demonstrating the difficulties in diagnosing intesti nal intussusception caused by Meckel’s diverticulum in older children and small bowel entrapment in the mesodiverticular ligament are presented. A method of subserous diverticulectomy and one-step decompression of the small intestine was proposed. Conclusions. Meckel’s diverticulum should be considered as a probable cause of acute intestinal obstruction in children older than 2 years and who have not previously undergone surgery on the abdominal organs. In the surgical treatment of pathology caused by Meckel’s diverticulum, it is possible to use one-time decompression of the small intestine by diverticulotomy and subserous removal of the diverticulum. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki declaration. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interest was declared by the authors. Key words: Meckel’s diverticulum, intestinal obstruction, children.
PENERAPAN HYBIRD CONTRACT PADA PRODUK GIRO
Authors: Mumtahaen Ikmal
Published: September 2021

Perjanjian merupakan suatu bentuk kesepakatan para pihak untuk melakukan sesuatu. Dalam sebuah perjanjian selalu menghasilkan suatu perikatan, di mana perjanjian sebagi bentuk kongkrit dan perikatan sebagai bentuk abstrak yang mengikat. Muncul suatu konsep inovasi produk akad dengan penggabungan beberapa akad yang ada dan disebut hybrid contract. Hybrid contract merupakan penggabungan dua akad atau lebih dalam satu akad untuk kepentingan tertentu. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui penerapan Hybrid contract pada produk Lembaga Keuangan Syariah adalah Giro. Penelitian ini juga menganalisis pengaplikasian produk Giro diperbankan syariah apakah sesuai dengan hukum Islam yang sebagaimana semestinya. Jenis Penelitian ini adalah penelitian pustaka (library research) dengan mendeskripsikan data kualitatif yang diperoleh dari literatur penelitian. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode analisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Penerapan hybrid contract pada produk Giro diperbankan syariah sudah sesuai dengan peraturan hukum Islam. Produk hybrid contract diperbolehkan sesuai nash agama sehingga produk Giro dapat dinyatakan dalam sebuah kategori akad yang sah dengan multi akad yakni Akad wadiah dan mudharabah pada produk giro bank syariah terdapat akad utama yakni titipan dan disertai dengan akad penambahan yaitu keuntungan. Dari akad tersebut terdapat akad dalam menentukan keuntungan dengan giro mudharabah. Kata Kunci: Hybrid contract, Wadhi’ah, Mudharabah, Giro.
PENERAPAN KONSEP HYBRID CONTRACT DALAM PEMBIAYAAN RAHN DI PEGADAIAN SYARI’AH
Authors: Maulana Lutfi
Published: September 2021

Sejalan  dengan  perkembangan  ekonomi  dan  teknologi,  bank  syariah  dituntut  untuk  selalu  berinovasi  supaya  produk-produk  yang  ditawarkan  dapat menarik minat para nasabah, juga dapat bersaing dengan bank konvensional Salah satu pilar penting untuk menciptakan produk keuangan syari’ah dalam memenuhi  tuntutan kebutuhan masyarakat modern adalah pengembangan hybrid conctract (multi akad). Praktik gadai di Pegadaian syariah sering menuai keraguaan mengenai kesyariahan produknya tersebut. Keraguan ini muncul karena adanya pemberlakuan hybrid contract atau multi akad. Begitu juga penggunaan multi akad dan penghitungan biaya sewa penyimpanan (ijarah) yang dilakukan oleh Pegadaian Syariah menimbulkan keraguan mengenai kesyariahan dari akad gadai syariah tersebut. Oleh karenanya penelitian ini mencoba mengkaji lebih mendalam tentang konsep hybrd contract dalam praktik rahn  di pegadaian syariah untuk memperoleh gambaran yang lebih mendalam mengenai konsep hybrid contract dalam akad gadai yang diterapkan oleh Pegadaian Syariah. Analisis data dalam tulisan ini menggunakan pendekatan fiqh juga menggunakan pendekatan substantive normatif dalam pemikiran hukum Islam. Hasil temuan sementara menunjukkan bahwa produk rahn  di pegadaian syari’ah masih dipertanyakan kesyari’ahannya. Jika dikaji lebih mendalam berdasarkan kriteria hybrid contract yang dibolehkan, maka produk ini bisa termasuk ke dalam hybrid contract yang dilarang, karena ia termasuk ke dalam penggabungan jual beli dengan hutang-piutang yang dilarang oleh hadits dan ulama, karena ia menggabungkan dua akad yang bertentangan karakter dan sifatnya. Keywords: Hybrid contract, rahn , ijârah, ardl, pegadaian syari’ah
PENERAPAN DAN PERKEMBANGAN REKSADANA SYARIAH
Authors: Firmansyah Leo
Published: September 2021

Tulisan ini dilatarbelakangi oleh beberapa penelitian mengenai perkembangan dan penerapan reksadana syariah di Indonesia, serta melihat kondisi yang terjadi di dunia pasar modal Indonesia yang saat ini sedang menjadi tren di kalangan ekonom muda. Tulisan ini memiliki tujuan untuk memberikan wawasan lebih dalam, mengenai penerapan dan perkembangan reksadana syariah yang telah terjadi di Indonesia di lihat dari berbagai sumber penelitian dan literatur yang ada. Penulis memakai metode penulisan studi literatur dengan menelaah beberapa jurnal dan litertur yang terkait dengan perkembangan dan penerapan reksadana syariah yang telah selama ini terjadi di Indonesia. Hasil telaah tesebut nantinya akan digunakan untuk menberikan dan memperjelas wawasan mengenai penerapan dan perkembangan reksadana syariah di Indonesia.  Kata Kunci: Reksadana Syariah, Penerapan, Perkembangan, Studi Literatur.
ANALISIS PENERAPAN APLIKASI BERBASIS ONLINE SEBAGAI BENTUK MANAJEMEN STRATEGIS DALAM BERBISNIS (Penelitian di PT Pajajaran Transportasi Executive)
Authors: Ayu Naila Sri Sukma
Published: September 2021

PT. Pajajaran Transportasi Executive adalah sebuah perusahaan jasa travel door to door dan kurir paket Bandung-Bogor, Bogor-Bandung yang terletak di daerah Panyileukan, Kota Bandung. Ketatnya persaingan usaha di Indonesia, maka dipandang perlu untuk menerapkan sistem manajemen strategis yang efisien agar dapat menguasai potensi pasar yang ada. Salah satu dari kebijakan strategis yang diambil adalah dengan menerapkan sistem aplikasi yang berbasis teknologi online. Selanjutnya akan dilakukan analisis SWOT dalam menilai kebijakan ini dan pendekatan yang dilakukan adalah menggunakan metode kualitatif yaitu dengan mewawancarai tim IT dari perusahaan ini serta pengumpulan data berdasarkan studi dokumen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui salah satu dari sekian banyak strategi bisnis yang sesuai dengan perkembangan era industri 4.0. Selain itu, untuk mengetahui tingkat efektivitas sistem yang ditetapkan. Pengetahuan dan wawasan manusia yang tumbuh begitu pesat serta pola pikir dalam peradaban dunia semakin berkembang menjadi alasan terciptanya sebuah aplikasi yang membantu memudahkan seluruh aktivitas manusia di muka bumi. Kata Kunci: Bisnis, Manajemen, Strategis, SWOT.