bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prognostic factors in patients with HIV‐associated peripheral T‐cell lymphoma: A multicenter study
Authors: Castillo Jorge J. , Beltran Brady E. , Bibas Michele , Bower Mark , Collins Jaime A. , Cwynarski Kate , Diez‐Martin Jose L. , Hernandez‐Ilizaliturri Francisco , Horwitz Steven M. , Montoto Silvia , Pantanowitz Liron , Ribera Josep‐Maria , Vose Julie M.
Published: December 2010

HIV infection has been associated with an increased risk of developing several types of malignancies, including aggressive peripheral T‐cell lymphomas (PTCL). However, this is a rare occurrence with no more than a hundred cases reported in the literature. The purpose of this multicenter study is to describe the characteristics and to identify prognostic factors in patients with HIV‐associated PTCL. Data from HIV‐positive patients with a pathological diagnosis of non‐primary cutaneous, non‐leukemic PTCL were gathered retrospectively and are reported using descriptive statistics. Univariate and multivariate survival analyses were also performed. Fifty one patients were included in our analysis. Median age was 38 years with a 5:1 male‐to‐female ratio. Patients presented with a median CD4+count of 173 cells mm−3, and a median HIV viral load of 334,787 copies ml−1. The median time from HIV diagnosis to PTCL diagnosis was 4.5 years. About 75% of patients presented with advanced clinical stage and 66% with B symptoms. The most common subtypes were PTCLU (61%) and anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL, 22%). None of the ALCL patients tested expressed ALK. The median overall survival (OS) for the group was 12 months. In the multivariate survival analysis, the use of HAART and patients' performance status were independently associated with OS. HIV‐associated PTCL presents predominantly in young men with low CD4+counts and high HIV viral loads. Both HIV‐related and lymphoma‐related factors were associated with OS. Am. J. Hematol. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Changes in serum‐free light chain rather than intact monoclonal immunoglobulin levels predicts outcome following therapy in primary amyloidosis
Authors: Kumar Shaji K. , Dispenzieri Angela , Lacy Martha Q. , Hayman Suzanne R. , Buadi Francis K. , Zeldenrust Steven R. , Tan Tow , Sinha Shirshendu , Leung Nelson , Kyle Robert A. , Rajkumar S. Vincent , Gertz Morie A.
Published: December 2010

Current response criteria for light‐chain amyloidosis (AL) relegate FLC response to a subsidiary status relative to serum M‐protein response. Given that light chains form the substrate for amyloid fibril formation, we hypothesized that changes in FLC might better predict outcome compared to changes in intact immunoglobulin levels. Two patient cohorts were studied, 347 patients who underwent an autologous stem‐cell transplant (SCT) and 96 patients treated with melphalan/dexamethasone. We identified the lowest value following therapy for intact serum M‐protein and the difference between involved and uninvolved FLC (FLC‐diff). We first examined the relative contribution of M‐protein and FLC‐diff on the overall survival (OS), and found that FLC reduction, rather than M‐protein reduction, significantly impacted OS. The median OS was not reached among those with a 50% decrease in FLC‐diff compared to 20 months for the remainder. On regression analysis, a 90% reduction in FLC‐diff following SCT best predicted being alive at 3 or 5 years. The median OS among those with a 90% decrease was not reached compared to 37.4 months for the rest P < 0.001. The current study supports the notion that FLC response is a more useful measure of hematological response than M‐protein response. It also highlights the importance of achieving at least a 90% reduction in the FLC‐diff to improve the outcome of patients with light‐chain AL. Am. J. Hematol. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neurogenesis in the Adult Goldfish Cerebellum
Authors: Delgado Luz M. , Schmachtenberg Oliver
Published: December 2010

Neurogenesis was studied in the cerebellum of adult goldfish, to establish the phenomenon in this popular laboratory animal model. BrdU and proliferating cell nuclear antigen labeling revealed a high rate of cell proliferation within the molecular layer of the cerebellar corpus and valve. Most newborn cells expressed the neuronal marker beta‐III‐tubulin after 24 hr, supporting the goldfish cerebellum as an excellent paradigm to study vertebrate adult neurogenesis. Anat Rec, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of Utrophin at Dystrophin‐Deficient Neuromuscular Synapses of mdx Mice: A Study of Protected and Affected Muscles
Authors: Ferretti Renato , Neto Humberto Santo , Marques Maria Julia
Published: December 2010

In mdx mice, intrinsic laryngeal muscles are spared and sternomastoid muscles are affected, showing cycles of muscle regeneration. We observed that utrophin and acetylcholine receptors are fragmented only in affected muscles, providing further evidence that changes in the overall distribution of molecules at dystrophic neuromuscular junctions may be correlated with muscle regeneration. Anat Rec, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Breakthrough Analysis for Adsorption of Phosphine on 5A Molecular Sieve
Authors: Xu X. , Miao X. , Liao N. , Wang N. , Jin D. , Yao K.
Published: December 2010

Adsorption experiments were carried out under dynamic conditions for the removal of phosphine (PH3) in nitrogen on a fixed bed of 5A molecular sieve. The experiments were conducted to characterize the breakthrough characteristics of PH3 in the fixed bed under different operating conditions, including bed temperature, bed mass, and initial PH3 concentration. A mathematical model was developed to predict the breakthrough profiles of PH3 during adsorption on the 5A molecular sieve. The model was successfully validated with the observed experimental breakthrough data, showing that the adsorption capacity increases with decreasing temperature and with rising phosphine concentration in the gas mixture. The study showed the potential application of 5A molecular sieve in controlling PH3 emission.
Precipitation of Nanosized and Nanostructured Powders: Process Intensification and Scale‐Out Using a Segmented Flow Tubular Reactor (SFTR)
Authors: Aimable A. , Jongen N. , Testino A. , Donnet M. , Lemaître J. , Hofmann H. , Bowen P.
Published: December 2010

The successful scale‐out and process intensification using a segmented flow tubular reactor (SFTR) for ultrafine CaCO3, BaTiO3, and nanosized ZnO from optimized minibatch (20 mL) conditions is presented. The capacity of the SFTR in process intensification was demonstrated by producing ∼ 5 kg batches of BaTiO3 powders with excellent batch‐to‐batch reproducibility. The SFTR scale‐out or numbering‐up capacity was demonstrated for a nanostructured CaCO3 in 500 g batches by scaling‐out from one to six segmented flow tubular reactors run in parallel (scale‐out/‐up ratio of 5000 compared to lab batch experiments). The SFTR was then used to demonstrate its potential for nanosized ZnO powders producing 50 g lots of these nanopowders in a continuous process, a scale‐out/‐up ratio of 250 compared to lab batch experiments without any loss of powder quality. The SFTR allows a precise control of precipitation conditions, leading to an excellent reproducibility in powder characteristics, and shows great promise as a simple production process of powders and advanced nanomaterials with highly controlled properties.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Crystal Structure Analysis, and Photoluminescence of Ti4+‐Doped Mg5SnB2O10.
Authors: Kawano Tetsuya , Yamane Hisanori
Published: December 2010

Single crystals of Mg5SnB2O10 are grown by heating Mg5SnB2O10 powder with H3BO3 at 1350 in air (Pt crucible, 12 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Comparisons Between Haydeeite, α‐Cu3Mg(OD)6Cl2, and Kapellasite, α‐Cu3Zn(OD)6Cl2, Isostructural S = 1/2 Kagome Magnets.
Authors: Colman R. H. , Sinclair A. , Wills A. S.
Published: December 2010

The title compounds are prepared by refluxing Cu powder in a solution of MgCl2 or ZnCl2 in D2O with four ground glass beads, each with an approximate radius of 1 mm and a surface area of 12.5 mm2 (as a nucleation surface) and slow oxygen bubbling.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Solvothermal Synthesis of Nanostructured Li2MSiO4/C (M: Mn and Fe) Cathodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries.
Authors: Muraliganth T. , Stroukoff K. R. , Manthiram A.
Published: December 2010

The title materials are synthesized from mixtures of Si(OEt)4, LiOH, and Fe(OAc)2 or Mn(OAc)2 in tetraethyleneglycol (microwaves, 2.45 GHz, 600 W, 25 min).
ChemInform Abstract: Nanocasting of Ordered Mesoporous Co3O4‐Based Polyoxometalate Composite Frameworks.
Authors: Armatas Gerasimos S. , Katsoulidis Alexandros P. , Petrakis Dimitris E. , Pomonis Philippos J. , Kanatzidis Mercouri G.
Published: December 2010

Highly ordered mesoporous frameworks consisting of nanocrystalline Co3O4 and HPW12O40 clusters with 6, 11, 15, and 36 wt.% HPW12O40 loading are synthesized by the hard‐templating method from solutions of cubic mesoporous KIT‐6 silica, Co(NO3)2, and H3PW12O40 in EtOH (200 °C, 10 h; calcination in air at 400 °C, 6 h).
ChemInform Abstract: A Noble‐Metalate Bowl: The Polyoxo‐6‐vanado(V)‐7‐palladate(II) [Pd7V6O24(OH)2]6‐.
Authors: Izarova Natalya V. , Vankova Nina , Banerjee Abhishek , Jameson Geoffrey B. , Heine Thomas , Schinle Florian , Hampe Oliver , Kortz Ulrich
Published: December 2010

The new polyoxometalate (IV) crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n with Z = 4 (single crystal XRD).
ChemInform Abstract: Catalyst versus Substrate Induced Selectivity: Kinetic Resolution by Palladacycle Catalyzed Allylic Imidate Rearrangements.
Authors: Peters Rene , Xin Zhuo‐qun , Maier Frank
Published: December 2010

The first kinetic resolution of allylic trifluoroacetimidates is achieved by using planar chiral palladacycles as catalysts.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Formal trans‐Dihydroxylation and trans‐Aminohydroxylation of α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes via an Organocatalytic Reaction Cascade.
Authors: Albrecht Lukasz , Jiang Hao , Dickmeiss Gustav , Gschwend Bjoern , Hansen Signe Grann , Joergensen Karl Anker
Published: December 2010

A highly enantio‐ and diastereoselective, organocatalytic one‐pot formal trans‐dihydroxylation and trans‐aminohydroxylation of α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Dimerization of Vinyl Ethers to Acetals.
Authors: Chen Changle , Jordan Richard F.
Published: December 2010

The dinuclear dicationic complex (I) catalyzes the dimerization of alkyl or silyl vinyl ethers to acetals as well as the cyclization of divinyl ethers to cyclic acetals.
ChemInform Abstract: Zinc(II) Containing γ‐Keggin Sandwich‐Type Silicotungstate: Synthesis in Organic Media and Oxidation Catalysis.
Authors: Kikukawa Yuji , Yamaguchi Kazuya , Mizuno Noritaka
Published: December 2010

Reaction of a polyoxymetalate with Zn(acac)2 provides access towards a novel γ‐Keggin zinc‐containing sandwich‐type polyoxymetalate.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Ring Cleavage of Phenyl‐ or/and Alkyl‐Substituted Epoxides with Al‐Trifluoromethanesulfonyldiisobutylalane. Comparison of Its Reactivity with Al‐Methanesulfonyldiisobutylalane.
Authors: Cha Jin Soon , Park Seung Jin
Published: December 2010

Epoxides are cleaved with complete regioselectivity in the presence of Al‐trifluoromethanesulfonyldiisobutylalane.
ChemInform Abstract: Ethynyl‐1,2‐benziodoxol‐3(1H)‐one (EBX): An Exceptional Reagent for the Ethynylation of Keto, Cyano, and Nitro Esters.
Authors: Fernandez Gonzalez Davinia , Brand Jonathan P. , Waser Jerome
Published: December 2010

In situ desilylation of reagent (II) generates a highly reactive ethynylation species which is successfully applied in the acetylene transfer towards various cyclic and acyclic keto, cyano and nitro esters.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Hydroarylation of 1,3‐Dienes with Boronic Esters via Reductive Formation of π‐Allyl Palladium Intermediates under Oxidative Conditions.
Authors: Liao Longyan , Sigman Matthew S.
Published: December 2010

High selectivity, that has steric origin, is observed for the 1,2‐addition products and is shown to have a steric origin.
ChemInform Abstract: Practical New Silyloxy‐Based Alkyne Metathesis Catalysts with Optimized Activity and Selectivity Profiles.
Authors: Heppekausen Johannes , Stade Robert , Goddard Richard , Fuerstner Alois
Published: December 2010

Modified Schrock catalysts (I)(fully air‐stable and user‐friendly), (II)(air‐sensitive but highly active and selective) and (III)(similar potent as the etherate; can be handled in air but needs to be stored under argon) are prepared and tested under optimized conditions A)‐C).
ChemInform Abstract: Practical New Silyloxy‐Based Alkyne Metathesis Catalysts with Optimized Activity and Selectivity Profiles.
Authors: Heppekausen Johannes , Stade Robert , Goddard Richard , Fuerstner Alois
Published: December 2010

Chiral centers next to an enolizable carbonyl group are not racemized and sensitive protection groups remain intact.
ChemInform Abstract: Rapid and Slow Generation of 1‐Trifluoromethylvinyllithium: Syntheses and Applications of CF3‐Containing Allylic Alcohols, Allylic Amines, and Vinyl Ketones.
Authors: Nadano Ryo , Fuchibe Kohei , Ikeda Masahiro , Takahashi Hiroki , Ichikawa Junji
Published: December 2010

Two protocols are developed for the synthesis of (trifluoromethyl)vinyl compounds by rapid and slow lithium halogen exchange processes generating thermally unstable vinyllithium compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclobutenone as a Highly Reactive Dienophile: Expanding Upon Diels—Alder Paradigms.
Authors: Li Xiaohua , Danishefsky Samuel J.
Published: December 2010

Substrate (II) renders possible the access to various cycloadducts with high diversity.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Carboacetoxylation of 4‐Pentenyl‐Substituted Malonate Esters with Iodobenzene Diacetate.
Authors: Fujino Daishi , Yorimitsu Hideki , Oshima Koichiro
Published: December 2010

A novel route to cyclopentane derivatives is presented using the palladium‐catalyzed intramolecular carboacetoxylation of 4‐pentenyl‐substituted malonate esters.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Spiro[n.2]alkenes by Ring Contraction of Fused‐Cyclobutanols.
Authors: Takasu Kiyosei , Nagamoto Yuuki , Takemoto Yoshiji
Published: December 2010

The present newly developed unusual ring contraction rearrangement leads to spirocyclopropanes from fused cyclobutanols.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterogeneous Aromatic Amination of Aryl Halides with Arylamines in Water with PS‐PEG Resin‐Supported Palladium Complexes.
Authors: Hirai Yoshinori , Uozumi Yasuhiro
Published: December 2010

Catalytic amination of aryl bromides with primary amines is achieved in water under heterogeneous conditions in the presence of a palladium catalyst which is anchored to the amphiphilic PS‐PEG resin to provide a series of triarylamines without metal‐contamination.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Protocol for the Synthesis of Mono‐N‐methyl Anilines via Formimidate Intermediates.
Authors: Sun Nan , Wang Shuai , Mo Weimin , Hu Baoxiang , Shen Zhenlu , Hu Xinquan
Published: December 2010

The efficient and environmentally benign method for preparation of N‐methyl anilines relies on NaBH3(O—Ac) reduction of formimidate intermediates quantitatively generated from anilines and triethyl orthoformate.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Nickel‐Catalyzed Reductive Coupling of Alkynes and Imines.
Authors: Zhou Chang‐Yue , Zhu Shou‐Fei , Wang Li‐Xin , Zhou Qi‐Lin
Published: December 2010

Good to excellent yields are obtained if imines resulting from aromatic aldehydes are used.
ChemInform Abstract: Immobilized Silver Nanoparticles on Silica Gel as an Efficient Catalyst in Nitroarene Reduction
Authors: Kiasat Ali Reza , Mirzajani Roya , Ataeian Fakhri , Fallah‐Mehrjardi Mehdi
Published: December 2010

7 examples
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Approach to (S)‐1‐Arylpropan‐2‐ols: Enantioselective Synthesis of the Key Intermediate of Antiepileptic Agent (‐)‐Talampanel.
Authors: Sawant Rajiv T. , Waghmode Suresh B.
Published: December 2010

Key step in the synthesis of title compounds (III) is the asymmetric α‐aminoxylation of aldehydes (I).
ChemInform Abstract: In situ Hydrogen from Aqueous‐Methanol for Nitroarene Reduction and Imine Formation over an Au—Pd/Al2O3 Catalyst.
Authors: Xiang Yizhi , Meng Qiangqiang , Li Xiaonian , Wang Jianguo
Published: December 2010

The direct synthesis of imines (III) from nitroarenes (II) and aldehydes (I) is realized over an Au‐Pd/Al2O3 catalyst in the presence of MeOH.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Dienamides via the Reaction of Nitrile with Allylindium Reagents and Intramolecular Acyl Group Quenching Cascade.
Authors: Kim Sung Hwan , Kim Yu Mi , Kim Jae Nyoung
Published: December 2010

A series of dienamides of type (III)—(V) or (VIII)—(X) are prepared via the reaction of nitriles with allylindium reagents.
ChemInform Abstract: First Sequential Mukaiyama—Michael Reaction/Crossed‐Claisen Condensation Using Two Molar Ketene Silyl Acetals and One Molar α,β‐Unsaturated Esters Promoted by a NaOH Catalyst.
Authors: Tamagaki Hiroaki , Nawate Yuuya , Nagase Ryohei , Tanabe Yoo
Published: December 2010

A sequential Mukaiyama—Michael reaction and regioselective crossed‐Claisen condensation to afford 1,3,7‐tricarbonyl scaffolds is developed using two equivalents of ketene silyl acetals (II)/(IV) and one equivalent α,β‐unsaturated esters (I) in either a stepwise or one‐pot procedure.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile, Efficient, and Catalyst‐Free Electrophilic Aminoalkoxylation of Olefins: Scope and Application.
Authors: Zhou Ling , Tan Chong Kiat , Zhou Jing , Yeung Ying‐Yeung
Published: December 2010

The multicomponent reaction of an olefin, a cyclic ether, an sulfonamide and NBS affords a range of amino ether derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: A New and Practical Grignard‐Coupling—Fluorination Sequence: Synthesis of 2‐Aryl Fluoroarenes.
Authors: Anbarasan Pazhamalai , Neumann Helfried , Beller Matthias
Published: December 2010

A new method for the synthesis of 2‐aryl‐fluoroarenes is developed using an intermolecular domino Grignard coupling—fluorination sequence from aryl bromides (I) and 1,2‐dihaloarenes (II) and (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Bromoamination of Chalcones: Highly Efficient Synthesis of Chiral α‐Bromo‐β‐amino Ketone Derivatives.
Authors: Cai Yunfei , Liu Xiaohua , Hui Yonghai , Jiang Jun , Wang Wentao , Chen Weiliang , Lin Lili , Feng Xiaoming
Published: December 2010

Title reaction proceeds with excellent regio‐ and stereoselectivities in the presence of a chiral N,N′‐dioxide—Sb(III) catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Base‐Catalyzed Stereoselective Vinylation of Ketones with Arylacetylenes: A New C(sp3)—C(sp2) Bond‐Forming Reaction.
Authors: Trofimov Boris A. , Schmidt Elena Yu. , Ushakov Igor' A. , Zorina Nadezhda V. , Skital'tseva Elena V. , Protsuk Nadezhda I. , Mikhaleva Al'bina I.
Published: December 2010

The present new C‐vinylation of alkyl (het)aryl ketones with arylacetylenes to give 1,4‐disubstituted 3‐buten‐1‐ones proceeds with complete E‐stereoselectivity using KOH as base.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Quaternary Cyclopropyl Esters.
Authors: Bray Christopher D. , Minicone Fabrizio
Published: December 2010

Quaternary cyclopropyl esters (III) and (V) are formed in high yields using the Wadsworth‐Emmons cyclopropanation from epoxides (I) and (IV) and substituted phosphonoacetates (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Olefin Epoxidation by Hydrogen Peroxide Catalyzed by Molybdenum Complexes in Ionic Liquids and Structural Characterization of the Proposed Intermediate Dioxoperoxomolybdenum Species.
Authors: Herbert Matthew , Alvarez Eleuterio , Cole‐Hamilton David J. , Montilla Francisco , Galindo Agustin
Published: December 2010

The oxodiperoxomolybdenum‐catalyzed epoxidation of cis‐cyclooctene (I) proceeds most efficiently in ionic liquid in the presence of DMPZ as base additive.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Cascade Aryl Addition/Intramolecular Lactonization of Phthalaldehyde to Access 3‐Aryl‐ and Alkenylphthalides.
Authors: Ye Zhishi , Qian Pengcheng , Lv Guanglei , Luo Fang , Cheng Jiang
Published: December 2010

It is found that PdCl2 in combination with the phosphine efficiently promotes the sequence to give 3‐arylphthalides.
ChemInform Abstract: E,E‐Bis(Styryl)Sulfones — Synthons for a New Class of Bis(heterocycles).
Authors: Padmavathi Venkatapuram , Reddy Boggu Jagan Mohan , Mahesh Konda , Thriveni Pinnu , Padmaja Adivireddy
Published: December 2010

A new class of sulfone‐linked bis(heterocycles) having two different heterocyclic rings is synthesized.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Intramolecular C—H Oxidation/Acylation of Formyl‐N‐arylformamides Leading to Indoline‐2,3‐diones.
Authors: Tang Bo‐Xiao , Song Ren‐Jie , Wu Cui‐Yan , Liu Yu , Zhou Ming‐Bo , Wei Wen‐Ting , Deng Guo‐Bo , Yin Du‐Lin , Li Jin‐Heng
Published: December 2010

The first example of the synthesis of indoline‐2,3‐diones using a transition‐metal‐catalyzed process is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Unprotected Indoles Activated by Broensted Acids.
Authors: Wang Duo‐Sheng , Chen Qing‐An , Li Wei , Yu Chang‐Bin , Zhou Yong‐Gui , Zhang Xumu
Published: December 2010

The present method provides an efficient route to enantioenriched 2‐substituted and 2,3‐disubstituted indolines.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient One‐Pot Synthesis of N‐(1,3‐Diphenyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐5‐yl)amides.
Authors: Su Wei‐Nien , Lin Tsung‐Ping , Cheng Kaung‐Min , Sung Kuan‐Chin , Lin Shao‐Kai , Wong Fung Fuh
Published: December 2010

The advantage of the presented one‐pot method is primarily a simple work‐up procedure without isolation and purification of the intermediate 5‐amino‐1,3‐diphenyl‐pyrazole.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Fungicidal Activity of Novel 1,5‐Diaryl‐1H‐pyrazol‐3‐oxyacetate Derivatives.
Authors: Liu Yuanyuan , Shi Hong , Li Yufeng , Zhu Hongjun
Published: December 2010

The fungicidal (Gibberella zeae, Rhizoctonia cerealis) activity of a series of novel pyrazole derivatives (VI) is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation of 2‐Acylimidazoles as Ester Enolate Equivalents.
Authors: Trost Barry M. , Lehr Konrad , Michaelis David J. , Xu Jiayi , Buckl Andreas K.
Published: December 2010

In contrast to previously reported methods, the catalytic asymmetric alkylation methodology presented herein is quite general in scope for both the allylic electrophile and enolate nucleophile.
ChemInform Abstract: Towards Molecular Diversity: Dealkylation of tert‐Butyl Amine in Ugi‐Type Multicomponent Reaction Product Establishes tert‐Butyl Isocyanide as a Useful Convertible Isonitrile.
Authors: Guchhait Sankar K. , Madaan Chetna
Published: December 2010

The dealkylation of an alkylamine, in situ generated during Ugi reaction with tert‐butyl isonitrile (III), is smoothly achieved by microwave‐assisted reaction with HBF4 to afford the free amine [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Cascade Approach to 1,3‐Diazabicyclo[3.1.0]hex‐3‐enes from Aziridines and Ethyl Diazoacetate.
Authors: Zhu Yuanxun , Wang Shaoyin , Wen Shan , Lu Ping , Wang Yanguang
Published: December 2010

The procedure offers a novel synthesis of diazabicyclohexanes (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 5‐Amino‐oxazole‐4‐carboxylates from α‐Chloroglycinates.
Authors: Zhang Jianmin , Coqueron Pierre‐Yves , Vors Jean‐Pierre , Ciufolini Marco A.
Published: December 2010

Condensation of α‐chloroglycinates with isonitriles (II) or Et2AlCN gives 5‐amino‐oxazoles in moderate yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Isomeric 2,3,5‐Trisubstituted Perhydropyrrolo[3,4‐d]isoxazole‐4,6‐diones via 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions.
Authors: Oezkan Hamdi , Yildirir Yilmaz
Published: December 2010

Cycloaddition of nitrones (I) to maleimides (II) produces a diastereomeric couple of a new type of isoxazolidine derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of New Naphthoquinone‐Containing Pyrrolo‐Thiazoles as Anticancer Agents.
Authors: Lopes Susana M. M. , Laranjo Mafalda , Serra Armenio C. , Abrantes Ana Margarida , Rocha Gonsalves Antonio M. d'A. , Botelho Maria Filomena , Beja Ana Matos , Silva Manuela Ramos , Pindho e Melo Teresa M. V. D.
Published: December 2010

Naphthoquinones undergo 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition with bicyclic mnchnones generated from thiazolidines affording new pyrrolo‐thiazoles with a fused quinone nucleus.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of γ‐Pyrones by Three Consecutive Redox‐Aldol Reactions of Allylic Alcohols with α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes.
Authors: Mizuno Akio , Kusama Hiroyuki , Iwasawa Nobuharu
Published: December 2010

The present new method for the synthesis of γ‐pyrones involves a novel rhodium‐catalyzed tandem redox—aldol reaction of allylic alcohols with α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of 4‐Amino‐4H‐chromenes by Organocatalytic Oxa‐Michael/Aza‐Baylis—Hillman Tandem Reactions.
Authors: Aleman Jose , Nunez Alberto , Marzo Leyre , Marcos Vanesa , Alvarado Cuauhtemoc , Garcia Ruano Jose Luis
Published: December 2010

Title tandem reaction proceeds under mild conditions using as low as 5 mol% of prolinol‐derived organocatalyst to give the aminochromenes (III), (V) in excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99% e.e.).
ChemInform Abstract: An Expeditious Oxidative Aromatization of Hantzsch 1,4‐Dihydropyridines to Pyridines Using Cetyltrimethylammonium Peroxodisulfate: A Phase Transferring Oxidant.
Authors: Kumar Parvin , Kumar Ashwani
Published: December 2010

The title oxidant is an efficient, stable and cheap reagent which is soluble in most organic solvents.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Copper(II)‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Four‐Component Synthesis of Multifunctionalized Dihydropyridines.
Authors: Pasunooti Kalyan Kumar , Jensen Chantel Nixon , Chai Hua , Leow Min Li , Zhang Da‐Wei , Liu Xue‐Wei
Published: December 2010

A library of hexahydroquinolines of type (IV) is prepared from cyclohexadiones, a wide variety of aromatic, heteroaromatic or aliphatic aldehydes, keto esters, and ammonium acetate in the presence of only 2 mol% of cupric triflate (48 examples).
ChemInform Abstract: The Design of Efficient and Selective Routes to Pyridyl Analogues of 2,3‐Dihydro‐1,4‐benzodioxin‐6‐carbaldehyde.
Authors: Barfoot Christopher W. , Brown Pamela , Dabbs Steven , Davies David T. , Hennessy Alan J. , Miles Timothy J. , Pearson Neil D.
Published: December 2010

Six routes starting from commercially available kojic acid allow the preparation of pyridyl aldehydes (I)‐(VI), which may be of interest as antibacterial drugs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Versatile Route to 3‐(Pyrimidin‐4‐yl)‐imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines and 3‐(Pyrimidin‐4‐yl)‐pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyridines.
Authors: Ducray Richard , et al. et al.
Published: December 2010

A two‐step synthesis of imidazopyridines (V) involves formation of vinyl ethers via phosphine‐free Heck reaction and subsequent cyclocondensation with aminopyridines.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Method for the Combinatorial Synthesis of 2,2‐Disubstituted Quinazolin‐4(1H)‐one Derivatives Catalyzed by Iodine in Ionic Liquids.
Authors: Wang Xiang‐Shan , Yang Ke , Zhou Jie , Tu Shu‐Jiang
Published: December 2010

2‐Aminobenzamides and aliphatic, aromatic, cyclic, and heterocyclic ketones as well as cyclohexane‐1,4‐diones give the desired quinazolinones in high yields (73 examples).
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Synthesis of Substituted 2‐(2‐Iminocoumarin‐3‐yl)thieno[2,3‐d]pyrimidin‐4‐ones.
Authors: Shynkarenko Pavlo E. , Vlasov Sergiy V. , Kovalenko Sergiy M. , Shishkina Svitlana V. , Shishkin Oleg V. , Chernykh Valentin P.
Published: December 2010

Intermediates (III) are isolable solids which are used without purification for the following thermal rearrangement.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel 8,9‐Dihydro‐5H‐pyrimido[4,5‐e][1,4]diazepin‐7(6H)‐ones.
Authors: Xiang Jinbao , Wen Dongsheng , Xie Hongxiang , Dang Qun , Bai Xu
Published: December 2010

Bis‐electrophilic pyrimidines such as (I), (VII), (X), and (XII) and aliphatic or aromatic amines or ammonia give the title diazepine derivatives bearing a 4‐chloro substituent (25 examples).
ChemInform Abstract: Chrysophaentins A—H, Antibacterial Bisdiarylbutene Macrocycles that Inhibit the Bacterial Cell Division Protein FtsZ.
Authors: Plaza Alberto , Keffer Jessica L. , Bifulco Giuseppe , Lloyd John R. , Bewley Carole A.
Published: December 2010

Biological, biochemical, and structural studies presented in this paper show Chrysophaentin A (Ia) is the most potent of the isolated antibiotics, inhibited the growth of clinically relevant Gram‐positive bacteria including methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus, multidrug‐resistant S.
ChemInform Abstract: Iridium‐Catalyzed anti‐Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Carbonyl (Trimethylsilyl)allylation from the Alcohol or Aldehyde Oxidation Level.
Authors: Han Soo Bong , Gao Xin , Krische Michael J.
Published: December 2010

A highly anti‐diastereo‐ and enantioselective (trimethylsilyl)allylation of aldehydes and alcohols is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Base‐Accelerated Enantioselective Substitution of Morita—Baylis—Hillman Carbonates with Dialkyl Phosphine Oxides.
Authors: Sun Wangsheng , Hong Liang , Liu Chunxia , Wang Rui
Published: December 2010

Optimized reaction conditions including catalytic quinidine and sodium carbonate to activate nonreactive phosphine oxides are developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Camellisins A‐C, Three New Triterpenoids from the Roots of Camellia sinensis
Authors: Lei Chun , Hu Zhuo , Pu Jian‐Xin , Wang Yuan‐Yuan , Xiao Wei‐Lie , Gong Ning‐Bo , Li Yan , Lu Yang , Zheng Qi‐Tai , Sun Han‐Dong
Published: December 2010

structure and cytotoxicity
ChemInform Abstract: Nanoscale Ge1‐xMnxTe Ferromagnetic Semiconductors
Authors: Bi J. F. , Teo K. L.
Published: December 2010

Review: 55 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Synthesis, Self‐Assembly and Applications of Magnetic Nanoparticles
Authors: Peng Sheng , Kim Jaemin , Sun Shouheng
Published: December 2010

Review: 220 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: First‐Principles Computational Discovery of Materials for Hydrogen Storage
Authors: Ozolins V. , Akbarzadeh A. R. , Gunaydin H. , Michel K. , Wolverton C. , Majzoub E. H.
Published: December 2010

Review: 80 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: 129Xe NMR Studies of Xenon Adsorption
Authors: Romanenko K. V.
Published: December 2010

Review: 118 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactivity Difference Between Protolytic Forms of Some Macrocyclic Chromium(III) Complexes in Ligand Substitution and Electron Transfer Processes
Authors: Katafias Anna , Chatlas Janusz , Impert Olga , Kita Przemyslaw , Madej Edyta , Topolski Adrian , Wrzeszcz Grzegorz , Eriksen Jette , Monsted Ole , Mills Andrew
Published: December 2010

Review: 70 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Transition Metal‐Catalyzed N‐Atom Transfer Reactions of Azides
Authors: Driver Tom G.
Published: December 2010

Review: to sulfides, olefins and CH‐bonds; 81 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Approaches to Lamivudine: An Anti‐HIV AIDS and Anti‐Hepatitis B Drug
Authors: Yaqub G. , Hussain E. A. , Mateen B.
Published: December 2010

Review: 21 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Modification of Nucleic Acids Using [3 + 2]‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of Azides and Alkynes
Authors: Ustinov A. V. , Stepanova I. A. , Dubnyakova V. V. , Zatsepin T. S. , Nozhevnikova E. V. , Korshun V. A.
Published: December 2010

Review: 336 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Product Subclass 6: Azetidines
Authors: Couty F.
Published: December 2010

Review: 149 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Combinatorial Chemistry and the Synthesis of Compound Libraries
Authors: Breinbauer Rolf , Mentel Matthias
Published: December 2010

Review: 11 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Coupling Reactions in Aqueous Media
Authors: Fihri Aziz , Len Christophe
Published: December 2010

Review: 102 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Catalyzed Reactions in Water under MW Irradiation
Authors: Cadierno Victorio , Crochet Pascale , Garcia‐Garrido Sergio E.
Published: December 2010

Review: 142 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Towards a Green Molecular Chemistry
Authors: Campagne Jean‐Marc , Agbossou Francine , Ayad Tahar , Baudoin Olivier , Buono Gerard , Chataigner Isabelle , Crevisy Christophe , Dez Isabelle , Donnard Morgan , Fache Fabienne , et al. et al.
Published: December 2010

Review: 75 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal Complexes‐Catalyzed Hydrolysis, Alcoholysis, and Hydroalkoxylation
Authors: Tokunaga Makoto , Hamasaki Akiyuki , Yamamoto Eiji , Itoh Hisashi
Published: December 2010

Review: ca. 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Small Molecule Antagonists for Chemokine CCR3 Receptors
Authors: Willems Lianne I. , Ijzerman Ad P.
Published: December 2010

Review: 82 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Biocompatibility and Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Kohane Daniel S. , Langer Robert
Published: December 2010

Review: 45 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Peering into Biological Nanopore: A Practical Technology to Single‐Molecule Analysis
Authors: Wang Hai‐Yan , Ying Yi‐Lun , Li Yang , Long Yi‐Tao
Published: December 2010

Review: 63 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Glycosyltransferases and Their Assays
Authors: Wagner Gerd K. , Pesnot Thomas
Published: December 2010

Review: 114 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antifreeze Activity of Fish Antifreeze Glycoproteins and Their Analogues.
Authors: Peltier Raoul , Brimble Margaret A. , Wojnar Joanna M. , Williams David E. , Evans Clive W. , DeVries Arthur L.
Published: December 2010

Review: 107 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Addition of Photosensitivity to Engineering Plastics by a Novel Pattern‐Forming Method Using Reactions of the Polymers with Developers: Reaction Development Patterning
Authors: Oyama Toshiyuki
Published: December 2010

Review: 40 refs.
Mikrobielle Herstellung von 1, 3‐Propandiol. Fermentative Biotechnologie
Authors: Steverding Dietmar
Published: December 2010

Die mikrobielle Herstellung von 1,3‐Propandiol ist eine Erfolgsgeschichte für die moderne Biotechnologie. Ehemals eine Spezialchemikalie ist 1,3‐Propandiol binnen weniger Jahren zu einer Massenchemikalie aufgestiegen. Das Interesse an 1,3‐Propandiol als neuem Massenprodukt ist seiner Verwendung als Ausgangsmaterial für neuartige Kunststoffe mit hervorragenden physikalischen und chemischen Eigenschaften zu verdanken. Erst mit der Einführung eines neuen biotechnologischen Produktionsverfahrens konnte 1,3‐Propandiol aus erneuerbaren Rohstoffen mithilfe von gentechnisch veränderten E.‐coli‐Bakterien konkurrenzfähig hergestellt werden. Die Entwicklung des rekombinanten E.‐coli‐Stamms dauerte über 7 Jahre und 36 Gene mussten verändert werden, damit die Bakterien das 1,3‐Propandiol produzieren konnten. Auch könnte die Umwandlung von Glycerin zu 1,3‐Propandiol die Lösung des Glycerinproblems bei der Biodieselherstellung sein.
Das Geheimnis des Weihnachtsdufts. Von Anisplätzchen bis Zimtstern
Authors: Roth Klaus
Published: December 2010

Für viele von uns hat sich der köstliche Duft von frisch gebackenen Weihnachtskeksen seit unserer Kindheit fest in unser Gedächtnis eingeprägt. Die traditionellen Rezepte mögen sich in vielen Ländern voneinander unterscheiden, aber meist basieren sie auf einigen typischen Gewürzen: Anis, Kardamom, Muskat, Nelken, Piment, Vanille und Zimt. Da der Geruchssinn ein chemischer Sinn ist, lohnt eine tiefere Betrachtung der Strukturen und der Biosynthese der sehr aromatischen Duftstoffe. Dies steigert noch die Freude an unseren Weihnachtskeksen.
Wenn Kälte flüssig macht
Authors: Schöll Achim
Published: December 2010

Jeden Winter ist es gut zu beobachten: Wird flüssiges Wasser abgekühlt, so verwandelt es sich in kristallines Eis. Am Gefrierpunkt ändert sich der Aggregatzustand des Wassers, und während sich die Moleküle in der Flüssigkeit ungeordnet bewegen, ordnen sie sich im Festkörper zu einem regelmäßigen Gitter an. In seltenen Fällen kann dieser Prozess allerdings auch umgekehrt ablaufen: Dann wird aus dem geordneten Festkörper bei sinkenden Temperaturen eine Flüssigkeit, was den üblichen Erfahrungen völlig widerspricht. Physiker nennen diesen Effekt “inverses Schmelzen”. Allerdings sind dafür in der Regel extreme physikalische Bedingungen erforderlich: Der Druck muss meist sehr hoch sein oder die Temperatur dicht am absoluten Nullpunkt liegen. Nun wurde dieses inverse Schmelzen erstmals an einem zweidimensionalen System aus organischen Molekülen ohne zusätzlichen äußeren Druck nachgewiesen.
Optimizing layer‐based scheduling algorithms for parallel tasks with dependencies
Authors: Kunis R. , Rünger G.
Published: December 2010

Programming with parallel tasks leads to task graphs with dependencies representing a parallel program. Scheduling algorithms are employed to find an efficient execution order of the parallel tasks. A large variety of scheduling algorithms exist, including layer‐based scheduling algorithms for homogeneous target platforms that build consecutive layers of independent parallel tasks and schedule each layer separately. Although these scheduling algorithms provide good results in terms of scheduling algorithm runtime and schedule execution time, the resulting schedules leave room for optimization. This article proposes an optimization for arbitrary layer‐based scheduling algorithms, which is called Move‐blocks algorithm. Given a layer‐based schedule of the parallel tasks, this algorithm moves blocks of parallel tasks into preceding layers in order to reduce the overall execution time of a task‐based application. Suitable blocks of parallel tasks are identified by the algorithm Find‐blocks, which is employed together with the Move‐blocks algorithm. The algorithm Move‐blocks is applied to four well‐known scheduling algorithms. A detailed evaluation for a wide range of test cases is given. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Personal goals and prolonged grief disorder symptoms
Authors: Boelen Paul A.
Published: December 2010

Prolonged grief disorder (PGD, previously called complicated grief) is a debilitating condition that can develop following the loss of a loved one. The present study investigated the relationship between different features of personal goals of bereaved individuals and PGD symptom severity. To this end, 160 bereaved people were asked to write down seven important personal goals and to complete self‐report measures of PGD and depression symptom severity. With respect to the form of goals, the findings showed that more severe PGD symptomatology was associated with lower specificity of goals, a reduced sense of control over achieving goals and a lower perceived likelihood of achieving goals. With respect to the content of the goals, it was found that mourners with more severe levels of PGD symptoms reported more goals that were associated with loss (compared with goals unrelated to the loss), more goals related to feeling states and less goals related to work/education and close relationships. Implications of these findings are discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Key Practitioner Message:

• The severity of prolonged grief disorder (PGD) symptoms after bereavement is associated with different features of personal goals, including reduced specificity of goals, lower perceived probability and controllability of achieving goals and an enhanced focus on loss‐related goals and goals related to feeling states.

• In the treatment of PGD, it could be useful to change the negative beliefs that patients have about the probability and controllability of achieving goals and to help them in finding ways to achieve valued goals.

• As recovery from loss hinges (in part) on the person's ability to continue (or restore) activities that are satisfying and meaningful, it could furthermore be fruitful to help patients to reduce their focus on ‘inward‐directed’ goals (associated with their own feelings) and to increase their focus on ‘outward‐directed’ goals (related to social, recreational and occupational activities).
Molecularly imprinted polymer‐based potentiometric sensor for 2‐aminopyridine as a potential impurity in piroxicam
Authors: Najafi Mostafa , Mehdipour Rasoul
Published: December 2010

A molecularly imprinted polymer‐based potentiometric sensor was fabricated for determination of 2‐aminopyridine (2‐AP). The electroactive component is the 2‐APH+. To form this specie the determination is carried out in a bufferic solution at pH 4.5 in which 2‐AP is prevalently monoprotonated. Under these conditions, the membrane potential, increases with 2‐AP concentration over a wide range of concentration (5 µM to 100 mM) with a near Nernstian response of 54.1 mV/decade and detection limit of 2.0 µM. The response time is less than 5 s and the sensor can be used for more than 3 months without any significant divergence in response. The selectivity coefficients of the proposed sensor were evaluated and exhibited good selectivity to 2‐AP with respect to the electrode based on a non‐imprinted polymer. The utility of the sensor was successfully tested by examining of 2‐AP in piroxicam (PX) as a potential impurity. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simultaneous activation of SHR and ATHB8 expression defines switch to preprocambial cell state in Arabidopsis leaf development
Authors: Gardiner Jason , Donner Tyler J. , Scarpella Enrico
Published: December 2010

The processes underlying the formation of leaf vascular networks have long captured the attention of developmental biologists, especially because files of elongated vascular‐precursor procambial cells seem to differentiate from apparently equivalent, isodiametric ground cells. In Arabidopsis leaves, ground cells that have been specified to vascular fate engage expression of ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA HOMEOBOX8 (ATHB8). While definition of the transcriptional state of ATHB8‐expressing ground cells would be particularly informative, no other genes have been identified whose expression is initiated at this stage. Here we show that expression of SHORT‐ROOT (SHR) is activated simultaneously with that of ATHB8 in leaf development. Congruence between SHR and ATHB8 expression domains persists under conditions of manipulated vein patterning, suggesting that inception of expression of SHR and ATHB8 identifies transition to a preprocambial cell state that presages vein formation. Our observations further characterize the molecular identity of cells at anatomically inconspicuous stages of leaf vein development. Developmental Dynamics, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regioselectivity in the Aryne Cross‐Coupling of Aryllithiums with Functionalized 1,2‐Dibromobenzenes
Authors: Diemer Vincent , Begaud Manon , Leroux Frédéric R. , Colobert Françoise
Published: December 2010

Tri‐ and tetrasubstitutedortho‐bromobiaryls have been synthesized in good‐to‐excellent yields by aryne cross‐coupling reactions starting from 1,3‐dimethoxybenzene and functionalized 1,2‐dibromobenzenes. This study outlines the influence of the 1,2‐dibromobenzene precursor as well as the reaction temperature on the outcome of the aryl–aryl bond formation and indicates, in the case of dissymmetrical benzyne precursors, how structural parameters (electronic effects, steric hindrance, temperature, etc.) control the regioselectivity of the aryne cross‐coupling reactions.
Pesticide has asymmetric effects on two tadpole species across density gradient
Authors: Distel Christopher A , Boone Michelle D
Published: December 2010

Northern leopard frogs (Rana pipiens) have been disappearing throughout their range. The causes for extirpations have been elusive, although habitat alteration appears to be a major factor. Pesticides have been implicated in declines in western amphibians, but no mechanism has been identified. We tested the hypothesis that leopard frog tadpoles would be eliminated from insecticide-exposed ponds when they were less abundant than a competitor (American toads, Bufo americanus) by manipulating toad and leopard frog density (16, 50, or 150 of each species) with or without the insecticide carbaryl. Insecticide exposure did not interact with density on either species, indicating that contaminant effects were similar despite drastic differences in competition. The survival of both species decreased with increasing conspecific density, but not heterospecific density. Leopard frogs produced more metamorphs at intermediate densities, whereas toads produced more metamorphs at high density. Leopard frog mass at and time to metamorphosis responded negatively to density. Carbaryl did not affect leopard frog survival but positively affected mass at and time to metamorphosis. In contrast, toad survival was reduced after exposure, but mass at metamorphosis was greater. Pesticide-induced survival reductions may not affect population size if reductions are slight (as in toads, whose fitness may be compensated by increased mass). Management strategies aimed at ameliorating the effects of carbaryl in systems with these two species may not need to consider density. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011; 30:650–658. © 2011 SETAC
Pesticide distributions and population declines of California, USA, alpine frogs,Rana muscosaandRana sierrae
Authors: Bradford David F , Knapp Roland A , Sparling Donald W , Nash Maliha S , Stanley Kerri A , Tallent-Halsell Nita G , McConnell Laura L , Simonich Staci M
Published: December 2010

Atmospherically deposited pesticides from the intensively cultivated Central Valley of California, USA, have been implicated as a cause for population declines of several amphibian species, with the strongest evidence for the frogs Rana muscosa and Rana sierrae at high elevation in the Sierra Nevada mountains. Previous studies on these species have relied on correlations between frog population status and either a metric for amount of upwind pesticide use or limited measurements of pesticide concentrations in the field. The present study tested the hypothesis that pesticide concentrations are negatively correlated with frog population status (i.e., fraction of suitable water bodies occupied within 2 km of a site) by measuring pesticide concentrations in multiple media twice at 28 sites at high elevation in the southern Sierra Nevada. Media represented were air, sediment, and Pseudacris sierra tadpoles. Total cholinesterase (ChE), which has been used as an indicator for organophosphorus and carbamate pesticide exposure, was also measured in P. sierra tadpoles. Results do not support the pesticide-site occupancy hypothesis. Among 46 pesticide compounds analyzed, nine were detected with ≥30% frequency, representing both historically and currently used pesticides. In stepwise regressions with a chemical metric and linear distance from the Central Valley as predictor variables, no negative association was found between frog population status and the concentration of any pesticide or tadpole ChE activity level. By contrast, frog population status showed a strong positive relationship with linear distance from the Valley, a pattern that is consistent with a general west-to-east spread across central California of the amphibian disease chytridiomycosis observed by other researchers. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011; 30:682–691. © 2011 SETAC