bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rescate de un acceso vascular para hemodiálisis. A propósito de un caso
Authors: Crehuet Rodríguez Isabel , Bernárdez-Lemus María Albina , Toribio Manrique Beatriz , Sánchez Arribas Mª del Mar , Villa Ruiz Raquel , Ramírez Crehuet Marta
Published: March 2016

El mejor acceso vascular (AV) para hemodiálisis (HD) es, sin duda, la fístula arteriovenosa interna nativa (FAVI) ya que presenta más ventajas y menos complicaciones que otros accesos vasculares.
Enfermería, gracias a los protocolos de vigilancia del AV, juega un papel fundamental en la detección temprana de las complicaciones que puedan llevar a la pérdida del mismo.
Realizamos este estudio con dos objetivos:
1) Dar a conocer un caso clínico de una FAVI en el que aparecieron sucesivamente varias complicaciones.
2) Analizar la importancia que tiene la existencia de un equipo multidisciplinar para los accesos vasculares, tanto en la realización y seguimiento del mismo como en el tratamiento de las complicaciones que pudieran aparecer.
Se estudia a un paciente varón con enfermedad renal crónica estadio V, portador de una FAVI radiocefálica derecha que, en una inspección rutinaria del AV cuando acude a la sesión de HD, enfermería detecta disminución de soplo y thrill apareciendo primero una trombosis, seguida de una estenosis tratada quirúrgicamente y finalmente una grave infección en la herida quirúrgica por un germen Gram negativo. A lo largo del estudio se van presentando las sucesivas complicaciones que surgieron y las estrategias desarrolladas por los miembros del equipo multidisciplinar: enfermeras, nefrólogos y cirujanos vasculares, entre otros, para solventarlas, lo cual finalmente se consiguió llegando a rescatar un acceso vascular que, a priori, dábamos por perdido.
Hidrotórax en Diálisis Peritoneal: A propósito de dos casos
Authors: Aguilera-Flórez Ana Isabel , Alonso-Rojo Ana Cristina , Linares-Fano Blanca , Sastre-López Aranzazu , Prieto-Velasco Mario
Published: March 2016

El hidrotórax como complicación en Diálisis Peritoneal (DP) puede producirse por el paso de líquido de diálisis, de peritoneo a pleura cuando existe una comunicación congénita o adquirida en la barrera diafragmática. Puede ser asintomático o manifestarse con disnea, tos, dolor torácico, disminución del volumen de drenaje o simular un déficit de ultrafiltración. Existe una relación entre el aumento de la Presión Intraperitoneal (PIP) y la aparición de hidrotórax. El diagnóstico se realiza por radiografía de tórax, toracentesis y gammagrafía. Es una complicación seria y poco frecuente que generalmente ocasiona el abandono de la técnica, aunque la realización de pleurodesis química con sustancias esclerosantes (talco, tetraciclinas, sangre) puede ser un tratamiento eficaz para resolver la comunicación pleuroperitoneal.
Describimos dos casos de hidrotórax que aparecieron después de tres meses de inicio de la DP, cursaron con derrame pleural derecho, tos, disnea y disminución del volumen de drenaje, el diagnostico se realizo mediante radiografía de tórax, toracentesis y gammagrafía con infusión intraperitoneal del radioisótopo. Los dos casos se resolvieron con la suspensión de la diálisis peritoneal.
En base a la relación existente entre la PIP y la aparición de fugas de líquido hacia diferentes cavidades entre ellas la cavidad pleural, podría ser interesante medir y monitorizar los resultados de la Presión Intraperitoneal como parte de la rutina de las actividades enfermeras.
Para realizar la gammagrafía, la colaboración entre la Enfermería de DP y Medicina Nuclear permite la administración del radioisótopo de forma segura e indolora.
The importance of vehicle emissions as a source of atmospheric ammonia in the megacity of Shanghai
Authors: Chang Yunhua , Zou Zhong , Deng Congrui , Huang Kan , Collett Jeffrey L. , Lin Jing , Zhuang Guoshun
Published: March 2016

Abstract. Agricultural activities are a major source contributing to NH3 emissions in Shanghai and most other regions of China; however, there is a long-standing and ongoing controversy regarding the contributions of vehicle-emitted NH3 to the urban atmosphere. From April 2014 to April 2015, we conducted measurements of a wide range of gases (including NH3) and the chemical properties of PM2.5 at hourly resolution at a Shanghai urban supersite. This large data set shows NH3 pollution events, lasting several hours with concentrations 4 times the annual average of 5.3 µg m−3, caused by the burning of crop residues in spring. There are also generally higher NH3 concentrations (mean ± 1 σ) in summer (7.3 ± 4.9 µg m−3; n = 2181) because of intensive emissions from temperature-dependent agricultural sources. However, the NH3 concentration in summer was only an average of 2.4 µg m−3 or 41 % higher than the average NH3 concentration of other seasons. Furthermore, the NH3 concentration in winter (5.0 ± 3.7 µg m−3; n = 2113) was similar to that in spring (5.1 ± 3.8 µg m−3; n = 2198) but slightly higher, on average, than that in autumn (4.5 ± 2.3 µg m−3; n = 1949). Moreover, other meteorological parameters like planetary boundary layer height and relative humidity were not major factors affecting seasonal NH3 concentrations. These findings suggest that there may be some climate-independent NH3 sources present in the Shanghai urban area. Independent of season, the concentrations of both NH3 and CO present a marked bimodal diurnal profile, with maxima in the morning and the evening. A spatial analysis suggests that elevated concentrations of NH3 are often associated with transport from regions west–northwest and east–southeast of the city, areas with dense road systems. The spatial origin of NH3 and the diurnal concentration profile together suggest the importance of vehicle-derived NH3 associated with daily commuting in the urban environment. To further examine vehicular NH3 emissions and transport, sampling of the NH3 concentration was performed in (from the entrance to the exit of the tunnel) and out (along a roadside transect spanning 310 m perpendicular to the tunnel) of a heavily trafficked urban tunnel during the spring of 2014. NH3 concentrations in the tunnel exit were over 5 and 11 times higher than those in the tunnel entrance and in the ambient air, respectively. Based on the derived mileage-based NH3 emission factor of 28 mg km−1, a population of 3.04 million vehicles in Shanghai produced around 1300 t NH3 in 2014, which accounts for 12 % of total NH3 emissions in the urban area. Collectively, our results clearly show that vehicle emissions associated with combustion are an important NH3 source in Shanghai urban areas and may have potential implications for PM2.5 pollution in the urban atmosphere.
Source apportionment vs. emission inventories of non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC) in an urban area of the Middle East: local and global perspectives
Authors: Salameh Thérèse , Sauvage Stéphane , Afif Charbel , Borbon Agnès , Locoge Nadine
Published: March 2016

Abstract. We applied the positive matrix factorization model to two large data sets collected during two intensive measurement campaigns (summer 2011 and winter 2012) at a sub-urban site in Beirut, Lebanon, in order to identify NMHC (non-methane hydrocarbons) sources and quantify their contribution to ambient levels. Six factors were identified in winter and five factors in summer. PMF-resolved source profiles were consistent with source profiles established by near-field measurements. The major sources were traffic-related emissions (combustion and gasoline evaporation) in winter and in summer accounting for 51 and 74 wt %, respectively, in agreement with the national emission inventory. The gasoline evaporation related to traffic source had a significant contribution regardless of the season (22 wt % in winter and 30 wt % in summer). The NMHC emissions from road transport are estimated from observations and PMF results, and compared to local and global emission inventories. The PMF analysis finds reasonable differences on emission rates, of 20–39 % higher than the national road transport inventory. However, global inventories (ACCMIP, EDGAR, MACCity) underestimate the emissions up to a factor of 10 for the transportation sector. When combining emission inventory to our results, there is strong evidence that control measures in Lebanon should be targeted on mitigating the NMHC emissions from the traffic-related sources. From a global perspective, an assessment of VOC (volatile organic compounds) anthropogenic emission inventories for the Middle East region as a whole seems necessary as these emissions could be much higher than expected at least from the road transport sector.
Optimal Site Selection for Sittinga Solar Park using Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis and Geographical Information Systems (GIS)
Authors: Georgiou Andreas , Skarlatos Dimitrios
Published: March 2016

Abstract. Among the renewable powers sources, solar is rapidly becoming popular being inexhaustible, clean, and dependable. It is also becoming more efficient since the photovoltaic solar cells' power conversion efficiency is rising. Following these trends, solar power will become more affordable in years to come and considerable investments are to be expected. Despite the size of solar plants, the sitting procedure is a crucial factor for their efficiency and financial viability. Many aspects rule such decision; legal, environmental, technical, and financial to name some. This paper describes a general integrated framework to evaluate land suitability for the optimal placement of photovoltaic solar power plants, which is based on a combination of a Geographic Information System (GIS), remote sensing techniques and multi-criteria decision making methods. An application of the proposed framework for Limassol District in Cyprus is further illustrated. The combination of GIS and multi-criteria methods, consist an excellent analysis tool that creates an extensive database of spatial and non spatial data that will be used to simplify problems, to solve and promote the use of multiple criteria. A set of environmental, economic, social and technical constrains based on recent Cypriot legislation, European's Union policies and experts' advices, identifies the potential sites for solar park installation. The pair-wise comparison method in the context of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is applied to estimate the criteria weights in order to establish their relative importance in site evaluation. In addition, four different methods to combine information layers and check their sensitivity were used. The first considered all the criteria as being equally important and assign them equal weight, while the others grouped the criteria and graded them according to their objective perceived importance. The overall suitability of the study region for sitting solar park is appraised through the summation rule. Strict application of the framework depicts 3.0 % of the study region scoring best suitability index for solar resource exploitation, hence minimizing risk of a potential investment. However, using different weighting schemes for criteria, suitable areas may reach up to 83 % of the study region. The suggested methodological framework applied can be easily utilized by potential investors and renewable energy developers, through a front end web based application with proper GUI for personalized weighting schemes.
A computationally efficient model to capture the inertia of the piezoelectric stack in impact drive mechanism in the case of the in-pipe inspection application
Authors: Li Jin , Liu Chang Jun , Xiong Xin Wen , Liu Yi Fan , Zhang Wen Jun
Published: March 2016

Abstract. This paper presents a new model for the piezoelectric actuator (PA) in the context of in the impact drive mechanism (IDM) for the in-pipe inspection application. The feature of the model is capturing the inertia of PA stack in a distributed manner as opposed to the lumped manner in literature. The benefit arising from this feature is a balanced trade-off between computational efficiency and model accuracy. The study presented in this paper included both theoretical development (i.e. the model of the piezoelectric actuator and the model of the entire IDM which includes the actuator) and experimental verification of the model. The study has shown that (1) the inertia of the PA in such a robot will significantly affect the accuracy of the entire model of IDM and (2) the simulation of the dynamic behavior with the proposed model is sufficiently accurate by comparing with the experiment. It is thus recommended that the inertia of the PA be considered in the entire model of the IDM robot. The model is an analytical type, which has a high potential to be used for the model-based control of the IDM robot and optimization of its design for a much improved performance of the IDM system.
Preliminary pages / Páginas preliminares
Authors: Preliminary Pages BSJ
Published: March 2016

Preliminary pages / Páginas preliminares
Without Distinguishing Color or Profession: Culture, Vatican II and the Long-Term Development of Credit Institutions in Bolivia
Authors: Norris Brian
Published: March 2016

By the late 20th and early 21st century, credit institutions in Bolivia had become more complex, resilient and popular that at any time previously in its history. Traditional economics analyses emphasize incentives created by laws such as those promulgated by the Kemmerer mission in Bolivia in the 1920s and 30s, or material factors, such as transportation costs. Yet neither of these explanations offers a compelling explanation for the magnitude of the flourishing of popular and complex credit institutions in Bolivia after the 1960s. Cultural changes, however, might offer a compelling complement to legal and material explanations of credit development. Vatican II represented an important mass change in Bolivian culture, and institutions associated with these reforms ushered in a new era of credit institution development in the country.
Linda C. Farthing and Benjamin H. Kohl. Evo’s Bolivia: Continuity and Change
Authors: Fabricant Nicole
Published: March 2016

This is a review of Linda Farthing and Benjamin Kohl's Book "Evo's Bolivia: Continuity and Change" which explores the rise of Evo Morales and Bolivia's Movimiento al Socialismo (MAS).
Jornadas Andinas de Literatura Latinoamericana - JALLA 2016
Authors: JALLA 2016 BSJ
Published: March 2016

Jornadas Andinas de Literatura Latinoamericana - JALLA 2016
Energy Drink Consumption Practices of Young People in Bahrain
Authors: Nassaif Maryam M. , Alobed Ghufran J. J. , Alaam Noor A. A. , Alderrazi Abdulla N. , Awdhalla Muyssar S. , Vaithinathan Asokan G.
Published: March 2016

Background: Energy drink (ED) consumption is becoming increasingly popular among young Bahrainis, who may be unaware of the health risks associated with ED consumption. To date, there have been few publications on the consumption of ED in Bahrain, particularly among adolescents. This study seeks to fill a gap in the literature on energy drink consumption practices of Bahraini adolescents.Methods: Data were collected using a previously established European Food Safety Authority questionnaire. Cross-sectional analyses were conducted on a convenience sample of 262 Bahraini students aged 10 to 18 years.Results: Most participants consumed energy drinks 2 to 3 times per week and consumed two or more cans at a time. Eighty percent of partcipants preferred energy drinks with sugar. Participants in the older age group and higher educational level consumed more ED. The majority (57%) consumed ED at home with friends as part of socialization. Notably, 60% of the parents of the respondents have not consumed energy drinks. Prominent reasons for consumption of energy drinks included: taste (40%), energy (30%), stay awake (13%), augment concentration (4%), and enhance sports performance (6%).Conclusion: Energy drink consumption is a popular socialization activity among adolescents of Bahrain. The potential health risks necessitates the need for novel health promotion strategies and advocacy efforts for healthy hydration practices.
OBSTRUCTION OF STORAGE HARDENING IN NR BY USING POLAR CHEMICALS
Authors: Nimpaiboon Adun , Amnuaypornsri Sureerut , Sakdapipanich Jitladda T.
Published: March 2016

The effect of the polar chemicals phenol, diethylene glycol, and hydroxylamine hydrochloride on obstruction of storage hardening in NR was examined. A decrease in gel content and molecular weight of NR was observed after addition of diethylene glycol and hydroxylamine hydrochloride, whereas no significant change was observed after addition of phenol. The storage hardening behavior of NR containing these polar chemicals was investigated by accelerated storage with phosphorus pentoxide. The gel content, Mooney viscosity, and Wallace plasticity values of NR containing phenol increased obviously during accelerated storage hardening, whereas these values increased gradually in the presence of diethylene glycol and were constant in the presence of hydroxylamine hydrochloride. The efficiency of these polar chemicals for inhibiting storage hardening in NR follow the order hydroxylamine hydrochloride, diethylene glycol, and phenol, respectively. The mechanism of network formation during accelerated storage hardening was proposed to involve phospholipids at the chain ends of the NR molecule. Molecular structure analysis by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy suggested that hydroxylamine inhibits storage hardening in NR by chemical interaction with phospholipid, apart from its polarity.
Developing an Achievement Test for the Subject of Sound in Science Education
Authors: Sozen Merve , Bolat Mualla
Published: March 2016

The purpose of this study is to develop an achievement test which includes the basic concepts about the subject of sound and its properties in middle school science lessons and which at the same time aims to reveal the alternative concepts that the students already have. During the process of the development of the test, studies in the field and concepts about sound were reviewed. Test items were prepared by taking the views of experts. 234 9th graders during the academic year 2013-2014 participated in the study for the pilot and actual implementation. 85 questions prepared initially were reduced to 43 multiple choice questions with four choices following reliability and validity studies. KR-20 reliability coefficient of the 43 question sound achievement test was found as 0,83. The results show that the prepared sound achievement test is reliable.
Osserman Lightlike Hypersurfaces on a Foliated Class of Lorentzian Manifolds
Authors: Atindogbe C. , Duggal K. L.
Published: March 2016

This paper deals with a family of Osserman lightlike hypersurfaces $(M_u)$ of a  class of Lorentzian manifolds $\bar{M}$ such that its each null normal vector is defined on some open subset of $\bar{M}$ around $M_u$.  We prove that a totally umbilical family of lightlike hypersurfaces of a connected Lorentzian pointwise Osserman manifold of constant curvature is locally Einstein and pointwise ${\cal F}-$Osserman, where our foliation approach provides the required algebraic symmetries of the induced curvature tensor. Also we prove two new characterization theorems for the family  of Osserman lightlike hypersurfaces, supported by a physical example of Osserman lightlike hypersurfaces of the Schwarzschild spacetime.
Twisten tussen woningcorporatie en huurder: garandeert het Unierecht een recht op schotelantennes?
Authors: van Harten H.J. , van Hees S.R.W.
Published: March 2016

Twisten tussen woningcorporatie en huurder: garandeert het Unierecht een recht op schotelantennes?

In het huurreglement van de Arnhemse woningcorporatie SVA is opgenomen dat een huurder niet zonder voorafgaande schriftelijke toestemming het gehuurde mag wijzigen. Daaronder wordt mede begrepen het plaatsen van antennes.

De vordering van de woningcorporatie tot verwijdering van een door een huurder geplaatste schotelantenne heeft uiteindelijk geleid tot een uitspraak van de Hoge Raad. Deze uitspraak is interessant omdat de civiele kamer van de Hoge Raad casseert vanwege onvoldoende Europeesrechtelijke motivering in het oordeel van het Gerechtshof Arnhem. Daarnaast raakt het geschil aan het materiële vraagstuk van de horizontale directe werking van het vrijedienstenverkeer en reikwijdte van het vrijverkeerrecht in privaatrechtelijke verhoudingen.

HR 1 februari 2013, ECLI:NL:HR:2013:BX9761

Conclusie advocaat-generaal Keus, ECLI:NL:PHR:2013:BX9761
Self-compliance Pt/HfO2/Ti/Si one-diode–one-resistor resistive random access memory device and its low temperature characteristics
Authors: Lu Chao , Yu Jue , Chi Xiao-Wei , Lin Guang-Yang , Lan Xiao-Ling , Huang Wei , Wang Jian-Yuan , Xu Jian-Fang , Wang Chen , Li Cheng , Chen Song-Yan , Liu Chunli , Lai Hong-Kai
Published: March 2016

A bipolar one-diode–one-resistor (1D1R) device with a Pt/HfO2/Ti/n-Si(001) structure was demonstrated. The 1D1R resistive random access memory (RRAM) device consists of a Ti/n-Si(001) diode and a Pt/HfO2/Ti resistive switching cell. By using the Ti layer as the shared electrode for both the diode and the resistive switching cell, the 1D1R device exhibits the property of stable self-compliance and the characteristic of robust resistive switching with high uniformity. The high/low resistance ratio reaches 103. The electrical RESET/SET curve does not deteriorate after 68 loops. Low-temperature studies show that the 1D1R RRAM device has a critical working temperature of 250 K, and at temperatures below 250 K, the device fails to switch its resistances.
Robust myoelectric signal detection based on stochastic resonance using multiple-surface-electrode array made of carbon nanotube composite paper
Authors: Shirata Kento , Inden Yuki , Kasai Seiya , Oya Takahide , Hagiwara Yosuke , Kaeriyama Shunichi , Nakamura Hideyuki
Published: March 2016

We investigated the robust detection of surface electromyogram (EMG) signals based on the stochastic resonance (SR) phenomenon, in which the response to weak signals is optimized by adding noise, combined with multiple surface electrodes. Flexible carbon nanotube composite paper (CNT-cp) was applied to the surface electrode, which showed good performance that is comparable to that of conventional Ag/AgCl electrodes. The SR-based EMG signal system integrating an 8-Schmitt-trigger network and the multiple-CNT-cp-electrode array successfully detected weak EMG signals even when the subject’s body is in the motion, which was difficult to achieve using the conventional technique. The feasibility of the SR-based EMG detection technique was confirmed by demonstrating its applicability to robot hand control.
Mechanism of action of novel piperazine containing compound toxicant against human liver cancer cells
Authors: Samie Nima , Muniandy Sekaran , Kanthimathi MS , Haerian Batoul Sadat
Published: March 2016

The purpose of this study was to assess the cytotoxic potential of a novel piperazine derivative (PCC) against human liver cancer cells. SNU-475 and 423 human liver cancer cell lines were used to determine the IC50 of PCC using the standard MTT assay. PCC displayed a strong suppressive effect on liver cancer cells with an IC50 value of 6.98 ± 0.11 µM and 7.76 ± 0.45 µM against SNU-475 and SNU-423 respectively after 24 h of treatment. Significant dipping in the mitochondrial membrane potential and elevation in the released of cytochrome c from the mitochondria indicated the induction of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway by PCC. Activation of this pathway was further evidenced by significant activation of caspase 3/7 and 9. PCC was also shown to activate the extrinsic pathways of apoptosis via activation of caspase-8 which is linked to the suppression of NF-κB translocation to the nucleus. Cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase was confirmed by flow cytometry and up-regulation of glutathione reductase expression was quantified by qPCR. Results of this study suggest that PCC is a potent anti-cancer agent inducing both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of apoptosis in liver cancer cell lines.
Sponge distribution and the presence of photosymbionts in Moorea, French Polynesia
Authors: Freeman Christopher J. , Easson Cole G.
Published: March 2016

Photosymbionts play an important role in the ecology and evolution of diverse host species within the marine environment. Although sponge-photosymbiont interactions have been well described from geographically disparate sites worldwide, our understanding of these interactions from shallow water systems within French Polynesia is limited. We surveyed diverse habitats around the north coast of Moorea, French Polynesia and screened sponges for the presence of photosymbionts. Overall sponge abundance and diversity were low, with <1% cover and only eight putative species identified by 28S barcoding from surveys at 21 sites. Of these eight species, seven were found predominately in shaded or semi-cryptic habitats under overhangs or within caverns.Lendenfeldia chondrodeswas the only species that supported a high abundance of photosymbionts and was also the only species found in exposed, illuminated habitats. Interestingly,L. chondrodeswas found at three distinct sites, with a massive, fan-shaped growth form at two of the lagoon sites and a thin, encrusting growth form within a bay site. These two growth forms differed in their photosymbiont abundance, with massive individuals ofL. chondrodeshaving higher photosymbiont abundance than encrusting individuals from the bay. We present evidence that some sponges from French Polynesia support abundant photosymbiont communities and provide initial support for the role of these communities in host ecology.
Donors and Donor Siblings
Authors: Hertz Rosanna , Nelson Margaret K.
Published: March 2016

The available donors who help infertile couples have children now include men who provide their semen and women who provide their uterus (surrogacy) or eggs. This entry focuses on sperm donors since more social science research exists about them and their recipients. That research explores issues of donor anonymity, disclosure, and offspring attitudes toward the donor. Individuals who share the same progenitor but live in different families are often called “donor siblings.” The attitudes of both parents and offspring toward donor siblings are a very recent subject of research.
Transition to Parenthood and Relationship Satisfaction
Authors: Bouchard Geneviève
Published: March 2016

The transition to parenthood within a family begins with the first pregnancy and continues until the child is approximately two years of age. Historically, the birth of a first child has been described as a crisis for the couple, and researchers still see it as one of the most difficult stages of the family life cycle. Both cross‐sectional and longitudinal research show that, for most new parents and particularly for mothers, the birth of a first child is associated with a significant, small‐ to moderate‐sized decline in relationship satisfaction. Many researchers have shown that the decrease in relationship satisfaction associated with the transition to parenthood is greater than what is observed for the same period of time among childless couples. However, the probability of divorce or separation is generally lower among couples who have recently become parents than among other couples. Current research focuses on the conditions associated with an easier transition to parenthood.
Self‐Disclosure
Authors: Steuber Keli Ryan
Published: March 2016

Self‐disclosure is the act of revealing personal, intimate, or private information about oneself. This information is often selectively shared with a target of disclosure, and the content is not widely known. Self‐disclosure can occur verbally or in written form, using face‐to‐face or mediated forms of communication (i.e., written, telephone, online). Individuals must consider the benefits and risks of self‐disclosure.
Sexual Coercion
Authors: Robinson Tharinia Dukes , Esmail Ashraf , Eargle Lisa A.
Published: March 2016

Sexual coercion is behavior that is not new to society. Whereas rape has been mostly defined as sexual intercourse (anal or vaginal) after an individual has clearly stated that they do not wish to participate in such activity, sexual coercion is not as clearly defined. Sexual coercion is behavior that is constantly being redefined because there are so many situations (workplace, dating, between acquaintances, among adolescents, etc.) where it can occur, and because the situations differ so does the behavior exhibited. This inability to assign an all‐encompassing definition to the behavior is also what makes sexual coercion difficult to pin down with just one standardized definition. Sexual coercion spans many different genres and can occur in any given circumstance. However, it seems that since the late twentieth century sexual coercion has been consistently increasing among adolescents and among college students.
Affinal Relatives
Authors: South Andrea Lambert
Published: March 2016

Affinal relationships are quintessential in western family life. These relationships are characterized by a legal relationship (most commonly marriage). The relationships can provide an expanded social network and additional avenues for social support but they can be problematic as it is difficult to merge families. Although biological family relationships are given precedence in western families, the affinal relationship is often considered important until the legal relationship ends. However, postmodern and socially constructed views of family suggest that affinal relationships can continue after the legal relationship ends.
Complementary Needs Theory
Authors: Brubaker Jennifer
Published: March 2016

Complementary needs theory is a theory of mate selection that attempts to explain why individuals choose the mates that they do. It suggests that individuals select partners whose needs are opposite and complementary to their own. Winch (1952) proposed that spouses tend to resemble each other in many sociodemographic characteristics, and among those with these similar characteristics, field of “eligibles,” an individual selects a mate who complements his or her need patterns and from whom he/she sees the greatest promise of providing himself or herself with maximum need gratification. Individuals look for a person who can essentially round out their psychological needs and fill whatever gap he/she might have.
Modifying effect of XmnI, BCL11A, and HBS1L-MYB on clinical appearances
Authors: Rujito Lantip , Basalamah Muhammad , Siswandari Wahyu , Setyono Joko , Wulandari Gondo , Mulatsih Sri , Sofro Abdul Salam M. , Sadewa Ahmad Hamim , Sutaryo Sutaryo
Published: March 2016

Objective/background:

Thalassemia is a monogenic hematologic disease that has the highest prevalence globally. In addition, there is complexity of the genetic background associated with a variety of phenotypes presented among patients. Genetic heterogeneity related to fetal hemoglobin (HbF) production has been reported as an influencing phenotypic factor of β-thalassemia (β-thal). Therefore, this study aimed to find the effect of these genetic modifiers, especially in the XmnI locus, rs11886868, rs766432 (BCL11A), and rs9399137 (HBS1LMYB), among β-thal and HbE/β-thal patients in Indonesia, according to laboratory and clinical outcomes, including HbF levels and clinical scores. This study was also designed to compare these modifying effects among β-thal and HbE/β-thal patients in Indonesia.

Methods:

A total of 189 patients with genotyping of β-thal and HbE/β-thal were included in this study. The erythrocytes index and Hb electrophoresis measurements were calculated using appropriate methods. The severity of β-thal and HbE/β-thal was classified based on the Mahidol score. Polymorphism of the XmnI locus, rs11886868, rs766432 (BCL11A), and rs9399137 (HBS1LMYB) was determined using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) methods.

Results:

The distributions of minor allele in the XmnI locus, rs11886868, rs766432, and rs9399137 were 14%, 22%, 19% and 18% respectively. The variation allele in the XmnI locus, rs11886868, and rs766432 showed a significant value for modifying HbF and clinical score in HbE/β-thal patients, but rs9399137 did not demonstrate such features. In β-thal patients, however, no correlation was found for any single-nucleotide polymorphisms and clinical appearance.

Conclusion:

The XmnI locus, rs11886868, and rs766432 have a modifying effect on HbF and clinical score in HbE/β-thal patients in Indonesia, but not in β-thal patients.
A case of the management of Heterotopic ossification as the result of acetabular fracture in a patient with traumatic brain injury
Authors: Rollo Giuseppe , Pellegrino Marco , Filipponi Marco , Falzarano Gabriele , Medici Antonio , Meccariello Luigi , Bisaccia Michele , Piscitelli Luigi , Caraffa Auro
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

The most common location of the heterotopic ossification is represented by the pelvic ring, followed by the elbow, shoulder, and knee. In the case of severe brain or spinal traumas resulting from a coma state, calcifications developed within three months from the trauma, and occurred more frequently in people between twenty and thirty years of age.

Presentation of case:

We present a case report of a 29-year-old patient with heterotopic ossification of the left side hip soft tissue, as a result of traumatic brain injury (coma for ten days). The patient suffered by fracture of the iliac wing, acetabulum and left ischio pubic ramus, which were surgically treated. The patient came to our observation for hip stiffness six months prior to the study. XR performed in standard projections, wing and obturator, showed the formation of a grade 3 heterotopic ossification of Brooker's classification. From the post-surgery to sixth month after the demission, the patient was surgically treated by an anterolateral hip approach to remove calcifications. The patient was subjected to anti-inflammatory therapy and indomethacin, shock waves, and physiotherapy to improve the mobilization of the hip. He had good results.

Discussion and conclusion:

Heterotopic ossification represents a disease which is not very common, but has particular characteristics with debilitating consequences. The disease is responsible for reduction of functionality of the affected joint. There are many different treatments available, but it is necessary to choose the most appropriate one, considering: responsible cause, location, Brooker's classification, the articular functionality.

Highlights:
Education for Sustainability in Universities: Challenges and Opportunities for Change
Authors: Higgins Blanche , Thomas Ian
Published: March 2016

Education for sustainability (EfS) is widely supported and researched; however, the broad and deep implementation of EfS in universities that is needed lags behind the goals of change agents. This article reviews literature on change procedures; in particular, curriculum change in universities. Our aim was to develop insights into strategies change agents can use to bolster their efforts to implement EfS. We found that change in universities is commonly acknowledged as a complex process, and that taking account of institutional culture is an integral step in curriculum change efforts. We also explored the struggles and successes of attempts to diversify the curriculum in order to find parallels that EfS change agents can learn from.
AJEE Special Issue—18th AAEE Biennial Conference, Hobart, Tasmania, November 2–5, 2014 Sustainability: Smart Strategies for the 21st Century
Authors: Hill Allen , Dyment Janet
Published: March 2016

In early November 2014, over 300 delegates met in Hobart, Tasmania for the 18th Australian Association for Environmental Education (AAEE) Biennial Conference. Titled ‘Sustainability: Smart Strategies for the 21st Century’, this conference sought to bring together innovative thinking, practice and research in the field of environmental and sustainability education. This special conference issue of the Australian Journal of Environmental Education captures a snapshot of some of that thinking. While it is by no means a comprehensive account of the many conversation threads that permeated the conference, we hope that readers will find the articles in this special issue a stimulus to your thinking and practice.
Academic Achievement Among Recently Arrived Chinese Adolescent Migrants: The Role of Social Support, School Belonging, and Acculturative Stress
Authors: Ho Ngai Kwan Nicole , Schweitzer Robert D. , Khawaja Nigar G.
Published: March 2016

Factors contributing to academic achievement among recently arrived Chinese adolescents in Australia remain relatively underexplored. Previous studies focused on Asian migrants, including Chinese, but did not distinguish Chinese from other Asian migrants. The current study specifically looks at Chinese migrants who have recently arrived, as opposed to Asian migrants. This study aims to explore the role of social support, school belonging, and acculturative stress on academic achievement of recently arrived Chinese adolescents (n= 55). Questionnaires were administered to this sample. The results indicated that school belonging, interestingly, was negatively associated with academic achievement. Perceived social support and acculturative stress were not significantly associated with academic achievement. The findings provide insights into risk and protective factors influencing academic achievement of Chinese migrants. Implications of the findings are discussed.
Bauxite deposits in Suriname: Geological context and resource development
Authors: Monsels D.A.
Published: March 2016

Bauxite, the raw material of aluminum, has been one of the economically vital natural resources for Suriname. Mining operations started about a century ago, and subsequent development of a refinery industry and hydro-electric power made Suriname one of the foremost bauxite and alumina producers worldwide for a long period of time. This paper presents a concise survey of the main geological attributes of its bauxite deposits and examines significant aspects in the development of mining in the country where alumina dominated the export revenues until a decade ago. The lateritic bauxite deposits are spread across the northern part of the country and developed on various parent rocks during Late Cretaceous–Early Tertiary times. Bauxites in the coastal lowlands formed on Cenozoic sedimentary deposits, whereas plateau bauxites originated on various crystalline rocks in inland regions of the Precambrian Guiana Shield. The composition of parent rocks and timing of bauxitisation point to a genetic correspondence with West African bauxites and a strong control of paleoclimatic conditions on the distribution and properties of bauxite in both regions. The more accessible bauxite deposits in the coastal lowlands are almost mined out, whereas the plateau bauxites have been extensively explored but have not been brought into production to date. For economic and environmental reasons, the future of the bauxite industry in Suriname is currently uncertain.
Daily chocolate consumption is inversely associated with insulin resistance and liver enzymes in the Observation of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Luxembourg study
Authors: Alkerwi Ala’a , Sauvageot Nicolas , Crichton Georgina E. , Elias Merrill F. , Stranges Saverio
Published: March 2016

This study examined the association of chocolate consumption with insulin resistance and serum liver enzymes in a national sample of adults in Luxembourg. A random sample of 1153 individuals, aged 18–69 years, was recruited to participate in the cross-sectional Observation of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Luxembourg study. Chocolate consumption (g/d) was obtained from a semi-quantitative FFQ. Blood glucose and insulin levels were used for the homoeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Hepatic biomarkers such as serum γ-glutamyl-transpeptidase (γ-GT), serum aspartate transaminase and serum alanine transaminase (ALT) (mg/l) were assessed using standard laboratory assays. Chocolate consumers (81·8 %) were more likely to be younger, physically active, affluent people with higher education levels and fewer chronic co-morbidities. After excluding subjects taking antidiabetic medications, higher chocolate consumption was associated with lower HOMA-IR (β=−0·16, P=0·004), serum insulin levels (β=−0·16, P=0·003) and γ-GT (β=−0·12, P=0·009) and ALT (β=−0·09, P=0·004), after adjustment for age, sex, education, lifestyle and dietary confounding factors, including intakes of fruits and vegetables, alcohol, polyphenol-rich coffee and tea. This study reports an independent inverse relationship between daily chocolate consumption and levels of insulin, HOMA-IR and liver enzymes in adults, suggesting that chocolate consumption may improve liver enzymes and protect against insulin resistance, a well-established risk factor for cardiometabolic disorders. Further observational prospective research and well-designed randomised-controlled studies are needed to confirm this cross-sectional relationship and to comprehend the role and mechanisms that different types of chocolate may play in insulin resistance and cardiometabolic disorders.
Effects of dietary supplementation with epidermal growth factor-expressingSaccharomyces cerevisiaeon duodenal development in weaned piglets
Authors: Wang Shujin , Guo Chunhua , Zhou Lin , Zhong Zhendong , Zhu Wuzheng , Huang Yanling , Zhang Zhengfan , Gorgels Theo G. M. F. , Berendschot Tos T. J. M.
Published: March 2016

The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of dietary supplementation with epidermal growth factor (EGF)-expressingSaccharomyces cerevisiaeon duodenal development in weaned piglets. In total, forty piglets weaned at 21–26 d of age were assigned to one of the five groups that were provided basic diet (control group) or diet supplemented withS. cerevisiaeexpressing either empty-vector (INVSc1(EV) group), tagged EGF (T-EGF) (INVSc1-TE(−) group), extracellular EGF (EE-EGF) (INVSc1-EE(+) group) or intracellular EGF (IE-EGF) (INVSc1-IE(+) group). All treatments were delivered as 60·00 μg/kg body weight EGF/d. On 0, 7, 14 and 21 d, eight piglets per treatment were sacrificed to analyse the morphology, activities and mRNA expressions of digestive enzymes, as well as Ig levels (IgA, IgM, IgG) in duodenal mucosa. The results showed significant improvement on 7, 14 and 21 d, with respect to average daily gain (P<0·05), mucosa morphology (villus height and crypt depth) (P<0·05), Ig levels (P<0·01), activities and mRNA expressions of digestive enzymes (creatine kinase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase and sucrase) (P<0·05) and the mRNA expression of EGF-receptor (P<0·01) in NVSc1-TE(−), INVSc1-EE(+) and INVSc1-IE(+) groups compared with control and INVSc1(EV) groups. In addition, a trend was observed in which the INVSc1-IE(+) group showed an improvement in Ig levels (0·05<P<0·10), mRNA expressions of digestive enzymes and EGF-receptor (P<0·05) compared with NVSc1-TE(−) and INVSc1-EE(+) groups. These results indicate that supplementing recombinant EGF-expressingS. cerevisiaeto the diet of weaned piglets enhanced duodenal development. Moreover, biological activity (Ig levels, mRNA expressions of digestive enzymes and EGF-receptor) of IE-EGF was better than either EE-EGF or T-EGF.
High variation in manufacturer-declared serving size of packaged discretionary foods in Australia
Authors: Haskelberg Hila , Neal Bruce , Dunford Elizabeth , Flood Victoria , Rangan Anna , Thomas Beth , Cleanthous Xenia , Trevena Helen , Zheng Jazzmin Miaobing , Louie Jimmy Chun Yu , Gill Timothy , Wu Jason H. Y.
Published: March 2016

Despite the potential of declared serving size to encourage appropriate portion size consumption, most countries including Australia have not developed clear reference guidelines for serving size. The present study evaluated variability in manufacturer-declared serving size of discretionary food and beverage products in Australia, and how declared serving size compared with the 2013 Australian Dietary Guideline (ADG) standard serve (600 kJ). Serving sizes were obtained from the Nutrition Information Panel for 4466 packaged, discretionary products in 2013 at four large supermarkets in Sydney, Australia, and categorised into fifteen categories in line with the 2013 ADG. For unique products that were sold in multiple package sizes, the percentage difference between the minimum and the maximum serving size across different package sizes was calculated. A high variation in serving size was found within the majority of food and beverage categories – for example, among 347 non-alcoholic beverages (e.g. soft drinks), the median for serving size was 250 (interquartile range (IQR) 250, 355) ml (range 100–750 ml). Declared serving size for unique products that are available in multiple package sizes also showed high variation, particularly for chocolate-based confectionery, with median percentage difference between minimum and maximum serving size of 183 (IQR 150) %. Categories with a high proportion of products that exceeded the 600 kJ ADG standard serve included cakes and muffins, pastries and desserts (≥74 % for each). High variability in declared serving size may confound interpretation and understanding of consumers interested in standardising and controlling their portion selection. Future research is needed to assess if and how standardising declared serving size might affect consumer behaviour.
Identification of (poly)phenol treatments that modulate the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines by human lymphocytes
Authors: Ford Christopher T. , Richardson Siân , McArdle Francis , Lotito Silvina B. , Crozier Alan , McArdle Anne , Jackson Malcolm J.
Published: March 2016

Diets rich in fruits and vegetables (FV), which contain (poly)phenols, protect against age-related inflammation and chronic diseases. T-lymphocytes contribute to systemic cytokine production and are modulated by FV intake. Little is known about the relative potency of different (poly)phenols in modulating cytokine release by lymphocytes. We compared thirty-one (poly)phenols and six (poly)phenol mixtures for effects on pro-inflammatory cytokine release by Jurkat T-lymphocytes. Test compounds were incubated with Jurkat cells for 48 h at 1 and 30 µm, with or without phorbol ester treatment at 24 h to induce cytokine release. Three test compounds that reduced cytokine release were further incubated with primary lymphocytes at 0·2 and 1 µm for 24 h, with lipopolysaccharide added at 5 h. Cytokine release was measured, and generation of H2O2 by test compounds was determined to assess any potential correlations with cytokine release. A number of (poly)phenols significantly altered cytokine release from Jurkat cells (P<0·05), but H2O2 generation did not correlate with cytokine release. Resveratrol, isorhamnetin, curcumin, vanillic acid and specific (poly)phenol mixtures reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine release from T-lymphocytes, and there was evidence for interaction between (poly)phenols to further modulate cytokine release. The release of interferon-γ induced protein 10 by primary lymphocytes was significantly reduced following treatment with 1 µm isorhamnetin (P<0·05). These results suggest that (poly)phenols derived from onions, turmeric, red grapes, green tea and açai berries may help reduce the release of pro-inflammatory mediators in people at risk of chronic inflammation.