bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of coastal area development sustainability of Banda Aceh post recovery
Authors: Agussaini H , Sirojuzilam  , Rujiman  , Purwoko A
Published: November 2021

This study aims to determine the index value of the sustainable development status of the coastal area of Banda Aceh a decade after recovery. The method of evaluating the sustainability status is carried out through comparative reliability based on a number of attributes that were scored using the RAP-Fish software. The results of the sustainability analysis show that in a multidimensional manner, the sustainability status of the coastal area of Banda Aceh is less sustainable with a sustainability index value of 43.80%. There are 28 sensitive attributes that have a big effect on improving the sustainability status so that it needs to be maintained and 20 insensitive attributes with low influence so that it needs to be intervened so that the improvement of the sustainability status of the coastal area of Banda Aceh can run optimally.
The implication of street network design for walkability: A review
Authors: Wan Mohammad W S N , Lokman N I S , Hasan R , Hassan K , Ramlee N , Mohd Nasir M R , Yeo L B , Gul Y , Abu Bakar K A
Published: November 2021

A street network-friendly design allows walkability among people and is proven beneficial to the environment, community health, and economy of the city. Walkability in a street network increases potential trips by pedestrians through sidewalks and linked streets to create shorter travel distances. Street designs for pedestrian walkways are commonly ignored, with more focus on vehicular access, consequently leading to a lack of effort in improving the street network designs linked to various destinations. Accordingly, this paper reviews the street network designs affecting walkability from the perspective of the urban community. A systematic literature review method was employed to identify and analyse the articles published in the Sciencedirect.com database between 2004 and 2020 using two keywords: street network design and walkable city. The main finding suggested that street networks were associated with proper street designs. Therefore, a walkable city developed from a thriving street network design improved local physical activities and healthy communities.
Prospects of contemplative urban park from expert perspectives
Authors: Salleh M Z M , Othman N , Malek N A , Mohamed N , Zainal M H
Published: November 2021

The urban park is part of urban biodiversity that restore the diverse ecosystem to be resilient from rapid urbanisation impact. Also, it is an invented landscape that serves recreational opportunities as well as contemplation. However, significant evidence to measure the contemplativeness of Malaysian urban parks as an eco-psychological restoration resource is indistinct. Previously, the restorative environments have determined by personal opinions and evaluations of researchers without operationalising the empirical study on landscape design quality. This study evaluated Taman Tasik Shah Alam’s contemplativeness via expert evaluation assessed by ten Malaysian Landscape Architects. The assessment involves eight physical attributes using Contemplative Landscape Model criteria on 35 images via an online survey. Eventually, five of the most contemplative scenes are recognised as eco-psychological restoration resources to remedy psychological distress, including landscape composition types. It also highlights the necessary physical attributes of the urban park towards inventing the existing one into a contemplative environment for the betterment of communities. Thus, the contemplative landscape can serve as an antidote for people affected by psychological distress to contemplate themselves by exposing and experiencing well-preserved urban biodiversity.
Environmentally friendly private cities in Indonesia and Malaysia
Authors: Purwanto E , Tafridj I S I , Purisari R , Prasetio T , Tharim A H A , Ahmad A C , Zainonabidin A A , Rashid M F A
Published: November 2021

This paper is a review of the model to investigate the effect of safety and security, financial benefit, social status, and lifestyle facilities on residential purchase and residential satisfaction. The future research will survey residents in private cities in Indonesia and Malaysia. For Indonesia, samples will be taken in South Tangerang, specifically in Bintaro Jaya, BSD City, and Summerecon. For Malaysia, samples will be taken among residents of private cities in Malaysia. The analysis will employ the use of structural equation model using SPSS and Amos software. The accepted hypotheses are expected be result of this study. Safety and security, financial benefit, social status, and lifestyle facilities determine the residential purchase and residential satisfaction. The originality of the research is the study investigate comparative study of the model testing in two countries, Indonesia and Malaysia.
A bibliometric study of global trends in community resilience and spatial planning research (2000-2021)
Authors: zuraidi E , Caisarina I , Agustina M
Published: November 2021

As the number of disaster events in all parts of the world increases, studies on the topic of community resilience and spatial planning are also increasing because of its role is believed can minimize the risk of exposure to disasters. This study aims to investigate the various kinds of published work related to this research topic worldwide to give meaningful insights on the trend of preceding publications. This study performed a bibliometric analysis of the community resilience and spatial planning related papers published between 2000 and 2021. Based on the keywords selected, the study obtained 144 scholarly documents associated to research topic from the Scopus online database as of August 2021. Authors then employed some tools for further analysis including Microsoft Excel to conduct the frequency analysis, Harzing’s Publish or Perish for citation metric and analysis, and VOSviewer for data visualization purpose. The findings of basic bibliometric statistics are presented in this paper, with a focus on the rate of publication growth, citation analysis, and research productivity. Since 2000, the growth rate of literature in community resilience and spatial planning has increased gradually year by year. Most of the articles were published in journals and conferences, the majority of which were in English. Many of the research was in the field of social sciences and environmental sciences. The urban planning and community resilience were the most frequently used keywords, representing the main areas of research covered by the research topic. Most of the community resilience and spatial planning related research was conducted in United States. This study proposes that research on community resilience and spatial planning should be conducted in other less developed countries, as the disaster's impact was affected mostly in these regions.
The uses of Peunayong culinary riverwalk for open space: an observation
Authors: Dalila S , Caisarina I , Burhan I M
Published: November 2021

The role of public open space as one of the city elements can give its own character, and in general has the function of social interaction for the community. Peunayong Culinary Riverwalk is one of the public open spaces that is used as a waterfront recreation area in Banda Aceh City. The location of the Peunayong Culinary Riverwalk is on the riverbank of the Krueng Aceh river which flows through the center of Banda Aceh City and is a strategic area of the city as the center of the Old City. Before transformed into a Culinary Peunayong Riverwalk, this area is abandoned and used as a slum empty space due to the impact of different orientations. Currently the river transportation orientation route is starting to be abandoned which causes increased access to circulation route on the land. The construction of Peunayong Culinary Riverwalk has shift the image of the city to be much better. However the government of the city is still yet optimally developed the Peunayong Culinary Riverwalk which can be seen from the availability of several facilities that have not been fulfilled, for instance is the lacking of parking lot which force the visitors to use the road as a parking lot and results in traffic jam. This is one of the causes of the poor quality of Peunayong Culinary Riverwalk as a public open space and will have an impact on the quality of urban space and the image of the city as a whole. With those problems at hands, this article will discuss further regarding the quality of Peunayong Culinary Riverwalk as a successful public open space based on four PPS criteria, namely uses & activities; access & linkages; comfort & image; and sociability [9]. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. The data from this research were obtained from the results of field observations and will be analysed by coding.
Stability performance of demolition waste composite as landfill liner
Authors: Budihardjo M A , Hadiwidodo M , Wardhana I W , Praptomo E G , Samadikun B P , Puspita A S , Ramadan B S
Published: November 2021

Landfill liner is one of the essential components that prevent leachate infiltration of the soil from causing pollution. A liner has specific design criteria to function optimally. This study analyses the permeability and stability value of the mixture of composite materials consisting of demolition waste, bentonite, and lime materials. This study using some methods include falling head method for permeability test and direct shear strength for stability test. Based on the results of this research, it can be seen that the mixture of demolition waste and bentonite to composite can reduce the internal shear angle and increase the cohesion. While lime provides a fluctuating value for cohesiveness, it can increase the internal shear angle. The best mixture to be used as an alternative composite liner is the V6 composite which has a demolition waste composition of 79%, 20% bentonite, and 1% lime with a permeability coefficient value of 8.526 × 10−7 cm/s.
MSW handling of top 5 leading waste-producing countries in Southeast Asia
Authors: Arumdani I S , Puspita A S , Budihardjo M A
Published: November 2021

In 2050, World Bank predicts up to 3.4 tonnes of solid waste generated worldwide. According to Jain (2017), Indonesia, Thailand, Vietnam, Philippines, and Malaysia are the top 5 countries producing enormous waste in Southeast Asia, producing 64, 26.77, 22, 14.66, 12.84 million tons, respectively. Countries in Southeast Asia contribute 1.14 kg/capita/day of waste worldwide; improperly controlled solid waste leads to environmental pollution and generates greenhouse gases. Therefore, this study will discuss further and compare the handling of MSW by the five most waste-producing countries in Southeast Asia. All countries in Southeast Asia produce solid waste dominated by organic waste as much as 50-70% of the total waste. Another waste composition varies between countries. Waste handling in each country, from source to disposal, is different. For example, Malaysia has not implemented waste composting while Indonesia and Thailand is the only country that conducts waste bank program. Above all, waste composition and infrastructure conditions play an essential role in determining the most suitable countries’ waste handling approaches.
Analysis of biodiversity in the Pamotan Mudal spring area, Rembang Regency
Authors: Rachmawati S , Matin H H A , Suhardono S , Setyono P , Kusumaningrum L , Rinawati S , Wijaya D S
Published: November 2021

The community’s need for clean water is increasing along with the increase in population. In fulfilling clean water, most will use surface water and underground water. Mudal spring is one of the springs located in Pamotan District, Rembang Regency, and has 80 liters/second discharge. The community uses the uses of springs to meet their needs, such as drinking water and irrigation. This study aims to determine the diversity of fauna and flora of the Mudal spring area and identify the use and conservation efforts of the springs by the community in Pamotan District, Rembang Regency. This research uses descriptive quantitative research. Data were analyzed using the Shannon-Wienner Diversity Index formula. There are ten types of fauna in the Mudal spring area with a diversity index H’=1.82 which is included in the medium category. As for flora, 17 species were found with a diversity index H’=1.83 which was included in the medium category. The conservation and utilization efforts carried out by the surrounding community for the Mudal spring are reasonable enough so that it is necessary to improve the concept of sustainable and environmentally sound management so that it remains by following with its function.
An inventory of the biodiversity of Kare Caves for the development of ecotourism karst district Pamotan Rembang
Authors: Matin H H A , Rachmawati S , Suhardono S , Wiratmaja M F , Zaky H A , Helmi R
Published: November 2021

The karst area is a unique ecosystem area and has a wealth of abundant potential resources. On the one hand, it is vulnerable to environmental exploitation to improve the economy. Kare Cave is a non-natural formed cave located in a karst topography. The beauty of Kare Cave has the potential to be developed into an ecotourism object. This study aims to determine the diversity of fauna and flora and identify ecotourism’s potential in Kare Cave, Pamotan District, Rembang Regency. This research used a quantitative descriptive study. Data were analyzed using the Shannon-Wienner Diversity Index formula. The diversity of flora and fauna in Kare Cave can be developed into ecotourism based on education and conservation with several efforts that must be developed, namely improving infrastructure and involvement of local communities. The fauna diversity index H’=1.35 and the flora diversity index H’=1.81, which means it is included in the medium category.
Hydraulic analysis of Semarang River in supporting the drainage channel as water tourism
Authors: Sarminingsih A , Hadiwidodo M , Rezagama A , Sausan K S , Nurullah
Published: November 2021

The Semarang River is a flushing channel located in the Semarang River Drainage Sub-System and has the potential to be used as a water tourism area with the concept of Historical River Front City Walk. The planned water tourism area is in the form of procuring boats in the Kota Lama area, which is a historic area in the city of Semarang. This analysis aims to hydrology and hydraulics model of the Semarang River using SWMM 5.1. The method is carried out by observing the existing conditions of the study area, determination of flood discharge plans, and hydraulic analysis. The analysis starts from the Simongan Weir Bridge upstream of the Semarang River to the Berok 2 Bridge, which is located in the Kota Lama area. The results showed the intensity of rainfall designed 25 years is 155.7 mm/hour with the capacity of the Semarang River in existing and planning conditions can still accommodate the flood discharge plan, and a weir with a height of 1 m is needed to maintain the water level in boundary condition so that boat tours can operate optimally.
Producing biogas from cow manure, chicken manure, and organic waste by batch system
Authors: Taufiq M , Kusdiyantini E , Windarta J
Published: November 2021

Cow manure, chicken manure, and organic waste are solid wastes that can be used as an energy source through a biogas digester. This study aims to determine the production of biogas from waste in a batch digester system. This research uses a digester in the form of a plastic drum with a capacity of 220 liters. 3 treatments were consisting of digester 1 containing cow manure and water (50:50), digester 2 in the form of a mixture of cow manure, chicken manure, and water (30:20:50), digester 3 containing cow manure, organic waste, and water (30:20:50). The digester is then closed tightly for 130 days. The results showed that the daily temperature ranged between 26°−31°C and the acidity (pH) 7-7.62. The biogas production of each digester was then carried out a flame test with a biogas stove. The results of the gas stove flame test show that digester 2 has a longer total flame period of 4302 seconds, then digester 1 has a total flame period of 4034 seconds and lastly, digester 3 has a total flame period of 2370 seconds.
Temporal variations in the water quality of beton spring, Gunungsewu karst area, Indonesia
Authors: Cahyadi A , Riyanto I A , Adji T N , Haryono E , Widyastuti M , Aji A P K
Published: November 2021

Beton Spring is a water source used for fulfilling the basic needs of domestic activities, irrigation, and fisheries. Concerning water resources, it is particularly unique in that its upper course is an allogenic river with enormous groundwater potential. This research was intended to study the temporal water quality at Beton Spring. For this reason, the spring water was sampled periodically for one year. The water quality was assessed according to the drinking water quality standards, namely Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia No. 90 of 2002 and the standards set by experts. The analyses of trilinear and rectangular Piper diagrams were performed in Easy Quim v5.0 software. The analysis results showed that, temporally, the spring water had good quality because almost all samples collected in the dry and rainy seasons met the standards. The trilinear Piper diagram revealed that the Beton Spring mainly contained unpolluted and calcium-enriched groundwater. Meanwhile, the rectangular Piper diagram indicated the abundance of average bicarbonate waters, with only a few samples categorized into cation exchange-controlled groundwater.
A study of the clean water supply system in Pemalang regency water supply company
Authors: Komalasari I D , Samadikun B P , Sarminingsih A
Published: November 2021

The Regional Public Company for drinking water in Pemalang Regency is an official agency given the authority to provide and serve water needs in the Pemalang Regency area. Based on the 2020 BPKP, service coverage is still low. Namely, administrative service coverage of 12.74% and technical service coverage of 18.50%, so the service coverage still does not meet the target and achievement of access to decent drinking water. Based on the BPKP 2020-2024, it is necessary to evaluate the management of the clean water supply system, which aims to improve clean water services in the Pemalang City area. Data analysis was done descriptively. The analysis results will describe the clean water supply system management and evaluation based on appropriate standards, regulations, and literature studies. In addition, analysis using the EPANET program is used for SPAM improvement plans. The same is done for the study of raw water availability and water demand until 2030. The evaluation results found that the existing condition of Pemalang City SPAM is still able to supply clean water needs in the Pemalang City area until 2022, and Perumda must have started looking for supplements or additional discharge to meet drinking water needs up to 2030.
The effect of environmental management disclosure and green innovation on the Indonesian food and beverages industry’s sales growth
Authors: Widiatami A K , Solikhah B , Setiyani R , Yanitama A
Published: November 2021

The food and beverage industry is the largest contributor to waste in Indonesia. It is because the product packaging waste has not been handled properly. This industry will continue to grow following population growth and the level of people’s purchasing power every year, so there is a risk that it will generate more post-production waste. This study examines the disclosure of environmental management practices, and green innovations carried out by food and beverage companies in Indonesia. This study also wants to see the effect of information disclosure and environmental innovation implementation on product sales growth. Based on the purposive sampling technique, this study employed 54 food and beverage industry companies listed on the Indonesian stock exchange from 2017-2019. This study used descriptive statistical analysis and panel data regression. The research results showed that green innovation had a significant positive effect on sales growth, while environmental management disclosure has a significant negative effect. The company has also actively supported government programs in green innovation, among them using new technologies that can reduce waste and production materials that can be recycled.
The use of banana peels as raw materials of bio-alcohol production
Authors: Munfarida I , Munir M , Rezagama A
Published: November 2021

Indonesia’s energy demand has increased in recent years in line with the increase in economic growth and population in Indonesia. Most of this energy is derived from non-renewable sources such as oil, natural gas, and coal. These trends will have a significant impact on energy depletion. One solution to overcome this problem is developing alternative energy resources to replace petroleum, such as bio-alcohol. The objective of this study was to analyze the potential of bio-alcohol production from organic waste, that is, banana peel. This research is experimental. Bio-alcohol was obtained through a fermentation process of 3 types of banana peels waste, including Raja banana (Musa acuminata×M. balbisiana) peel, Agung banana (Musa paradisiaca) peel, and Nangka banana (Musa acuminata×M. balbisiana) peel. Fermentation was conducted using variations of Saccharomyces cerevisiae of 1%, 3%, and 5% with a fermentation time of 5 days. All experiments were performed in duplicate. The results showed that the highest value of bio-alcohol was produced from the waste of Raja Nangka peel at a concentration of 5% Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which was 1.70% (p-value <0.05). This study suggests the potential of banana peel waste in producing bio-alcohol as alternative energy in the future.
Effectiveness of combined up-flow roughing filter and up-flow slow sand filter to reduce turbidity in Citarum water as a source of drinking water
Authors: Cahyana G H , Firdaus A R , Mulyani T
Published: November 2021

The turbidity of the Citarum River was high, fluctuating, and used as a drinking water source by PDAM (Regional Drinking Water Company). This study aimed to determine the ability of a combined up-flow roughing filter (URF) and an up-flow slow sand filter (USSF) in reducing turbidity, called multistage filtration (MSF). MSF was varied with and without settlers. Gravel diameters and perviousness: 0.5 cm was 0.243, 1 cm: 0.264, 2 cm: 0.265, 5 cm: 0.302 or 24-30% of URF’s volume. When settler was run with surface loading 0.5 m3/m2/hour, flowrate 0.67 l/minute, turbidity 321.16-3,496.53 NTU, the efficiency was 57.9-96.2%. Settler reduced turbidity significantly. URF1 enhanced turbidity removal. However, URF2, URF3, USSF were not effective. In an experiment without a settler, turbidity 130.78-533.00 NTU, but its reduction in URF1 was bad. In URF2 turbidity was almost the same as in the experiment with the settler. Efficiency was 41.9-89.1%. Here URF1 and URF2’s functions were almost the same as settler and URF1. URF3 was ineffective, can be removed. USSF was needed even though only able to reach 10-25 NTU. URF and USSF contributed to the higher efficiency of turbidity removal.
Effect of leachate recirculation and bulking agent on leachate quality
Authors: Oktiawan W , Priyambada I B , Purwono P
Published: November 2021

The purpose of leachate processing is to reduce pollutants in leachate without using equipment that requires high investment and complicated maintenance. This research aims to determine the impact of leachate recirculation and bulking agents on leachate quality. Fresh solid waste recirculated using artificial leachate with a continuous flow of 1 L/h. The study is conducting for 14 days on a laboratory scale. On the 14th day, combination recirculation and bulking accelerate the increased pH value. Leachate recirculation increases the potential for contact between methanogenic bacteria and dissolved organic matter and contributes to buffering pH during the hydrolysis process. R3 produces a higher Electric Conductivity (EC) value than other reactors since the 7th day. This increase is probably due to the addition of dissolved salts from solid waste decomposition. The role of the bulking agent may not be too significant for changes in the EC value. On day 14, TDS at R1 was 11,748 mg/L, R2 was 12.144 mg/L, and R3 was 14.916 mg/L.
Effect of electrode configuration and voltage variations on electrocoagulation process in phosphate removal of laundry wastewater
Authors: Samadikun B P , Oktiawan W , Junaidi  , Rais A K , Taqiyya T A , Amrullah M R , Basyar C
Published: November 2021

Indonesia is one of the countries that still have to deal with waste problems. In reducing waste, the government has made a series of efforts to reduce waste, especially wastewater. There are many kinds of wastewater. One of them is laundry wastewater. This research aims to estimate the dangerous substance in laundry wastewater and how to treat it. The method using some variables like Al-Al, Al-Fe, Fe-Fe, and Fe-Al and the voltage is changing from 20 V, 30 V, 40 V, and 60 V. The research shows that the most optimum result of laundry wastewater treatment was using Al-Fe electrode plate 60 V. The result that the phosphate concentration decreased by 6.56 mg/l from 9.58 mg/l to 3.01 mg/l and obtained phosphate removal efficiency of 68.56%. The most optimum results for the removal of phosphate levels contained in the 60 V voltage.
The effect of time and velocity variation in sequencing batches reactor on TSS and nitrogen removal in tofu waste
Authors: Sudarno S , Hardyanti N , Zaman B , Arihta A , Putri R
Published: November 2021

The tofu industry is one of the home industries which in the processing process, produces liquid waste. Tofu liquid waste is known to contain very high organic matter such as Nitrogen and TSS so that if it is directly discharged into water bodies, if discharged directly into the environment will cause water. The purpose of this study was to determine and analyse the effect of variations in times and velocity of sequence batch reactor on the optimization of Nitrogen and TSS removal in tofu industrial wastewater by anaerobic bacteria originating from natural sediments. This study uses a Sequencing Batch Reactor, and the waste used is artificial by the characteristics in the preliminary test. In this study, time and speed variations were used in the mixing process. The artificial waste has a TSS value of 2,910 mg/l and Nitrogen of 18.82 mg/l. The results show that using a sequence batch reactor can reduce the TSS value to 66 mg/l and reduce the nitrogen value to 1.214 mg/l.
A review on a machine learning approach of an intelligent irrigation monitoring system with edge computing and the internet of things
Authors: Loua L R , Budihardjo M A , Sudarno S
Published: November 2021

Water consumption during irrigation has been a much-researched area in agricultural activities, and due to the frugal nature of different practiced irrigation systems, quite a sufficient amount of water is wasted. As a result, intelligent systems have been designed to integrate water-saving techniques and climatic data collection to improve irrigation. An innovative decision-making system was developed that used Ontology to make 50% of the decision while sensor values make the remaining 50%. Collectively, the system bases its decision on a KNN machine learning algorithm for irrigation scheduling. It also uses two different database servers, an edge and an IoT server, along with a GSM module to reduce the burden of the data transmission while also reducing the latency rate. With this method, the sensors could trace and analyze the data within the network using the edge server before transferring it to the IoT server for future watering requirements. The water-saving technique ensured that the crops obtained the required amount of water to ensure crop growth and prevent the soil from reaching its wilting point. Furthermore, the reduced irrigation water also limits the potential runoff events. The results were displayed using an android application.
Potential of local plant Eleocharis dulcis for wastewater treatment in constructed wetlands system: review
Authors: Santosa L F , Sudarno  , Zaman B
Published: November 2021

Plants have a vital role in constructed wetlands because they provide oxygen in removing pollutants, as a medium of microorganisms, as absorbers of nutrients and other pollutants, must be resistant to high levels of pollutant loads and stressful conditions. Several plants have potential for constructed wetland, namely Phragmites sp., Typha sp., Canna indica, Colocasia esculenta, Eichornia crassipes, Eleocharis dulcis, and others. Eleocharis dulcis is a local plant commonly found in South Kalimantan. Eleocharis dulcis in the local, namely Purun tikus, grows in tidal swamps and grows in areas of high soil acidity (pH 2.5 – 3.5). Eleocharis dulcis can be used in tackling reclamation waste of acid sulfate soil which can absorb 1.45% of N elements; Cu 15 ppm; P 0.08%; Zn 48 ppm; Mg 0.16%; Fe 1.386 ppm; S 0.18%; Mn 923 ppm; K 2.05%; and Ca 0.22%. According to several studies that have been carried out, Eleocharis dulcis have been shown to reduce several pollutant loads such as Hg 99.84%; Pb; Cd; Fe 85.68%; SO4; Mn 78.94%; BOD 98.74%; COD 98.73%; and turbidity 80% also. The local plant Eleocharis dulcis can be potentially used as wastewater treatment, especially in a constructed wetland systems.
The effect of land subsidence on the selection of raw water sources in hotel and apartment buildings in Semarang city
Authors: Syahputra B , Kiono B F T , Sudarno
Published: November 2021

The Semarang City Government prohibits groundwater/deep wells in hotel and apartment buildings because the use of groundwater or deep wells in locations that have experienced subsidence will further aggravate the subsidence. The method used in this research is to purposively select hotel and apartment buildings in Semarang that have received an assessment by the Semarang City Building Expert Team and have received a certificate of serviceability. Furthermore, compare the map of land subsidence in some areas of the city of Semarang with the natural water sources used by the hotel and apartment buildings. The research results showed that from 10 hotel and apartment buildings, there were 7 that used deep wells in zone level II, namely subsidence between 2.1 to 4 cm/year. Meanwhile, 3 other hotel and apartment buildings use water from the Municipal Drinking Water Company of Semarang. The existence of hotel and apartment buildings that use groundwater/deep wells in zone level II will increase and trigger the more significant subsidence in the area, thereby increasing the level of subsidence to level III.
Risk analysis-based reliability assessment approach under epistemic uncertainty using a dynamic evidential network
Authors: Bougofa M , Bouafia A , Baziz A , Aberkane S , Kharzi R , Bellaouar A
Published: November 2021

Probabilistic modeling is widely used in industrial practices, particularly for assessing complex systems’ safety, risk analysis, and reliability. Conventional risk analysis methodologies generally have a limited ability to deal with dependence, failure behavior, and epistemic uncertainty such as parameter uncertainty. This work proposes a risk-based reliability assessment approach using a dynamic evidential network (DEN). The proposed model integrates Dempster-Shafer theory (DST) for describing parameter uncertainty with a dynamic Bayesian network (DBN) for dependency representation and multi-state system reliability. This approach treats uncertainty propagation across conditional belief mass tables (CBMT). According to the results acquired in an interval, it is possible to analyze the risk like interval theory, and ignoring this uncertainty may lead to prejudiced results. The epistemic uncertainty should be adequately defined before performing the risk analysis. A case study of a level control system is used to highlight the methodology’s ability to capture dynamic changes in the process, uncertainty modeling, and sensitivity analysis that can serve decision making.
Renewable energy policy and governance in West Sumatera Province: an overview
Authors: Fajri H , Akmal A D , Saputra B , Ilham Q P , Wahyuni N
Published: November 2021

West Sumatera Province is the province with the highest renewable energy mix target in Indonesia. To realize this target, the Province of West Sumatera has designed a policy and institutional or governance strategy. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to see the policies and forms of governance in the development of renewable energy in West Sumatera Province descriptively. The research was conducted in a descriptive qualitative way using 2 (two) data collection techniques: Interview and Documentation Review. Policy planning that targets 1) Formulation of the legal basis for development and utilization; 2) Development of utilization areas in the form of power plants (solar cell, garbage, wind, biomass, micro-hydro, mini-hydro, water, geothermal); and 3) Empowerment of local communities to support the success of energy sustainability in renewable energy installations. However, the wide-scale of energy development requires institutional forms that involve multi-stakeholders: government bodies and non-government bodies. However, unfortunately, in its implementation, the involvement of these stakeholders in an ideal collaboration forum never happened. Stakeholder involvement is limited to official formalities. We have again found the “magical word”: the tasks, principals, and functions that hinder the movement of the bureaucracy in Indonesia.
Agree or disagree: local youth’s perception of renewable energy development
Authors: Saputra B , Fajri H , Akmal A D , Wahyuni N , Halawa H S
Published: November 2021

This article aims to determine the perception of local youth in renewable energy policy and governance in West Sumatra Province. The local youth we mean in this study are university students. Our previous research shows an educated and critical community group conveying their aspirations and network to form coalitions. They played an essential role in rejecting the construction of renewable energy-based power plants in West Sumatra Province. This study uses a quantitative descriptive method supported by a survey to get local youth perceptions about renewable energy development in West Sumatra Province. Our survey was conducted online and got 346 respondents. The study results show that local youth do not fully understand renewable energy and the potential in West Sumatra Province. However, they relatively agree with renewable energy development even though they are less aware of developing and managing renewable energy policies. From the government side, they consider that the most qualified government is the one whose central role is the state, hoping that people can feel the benefits of renewable energy.
Optimization of water treatment process performance of Duren Seribu Water Treatment Plant in Depok City: water quality and design parameters
Authors: Hanifa R , Adityosulindro S , Wahyuningsih N P S
Published: November 2021

Duren Seribu Water Treatment Plant (WTP) plays a role in fulfilling water needs due to the increase in population growth. This study aims to evaluate the performance of the WTP and the potential for capacity uprating from the aspect of conformity to water quality standards, removal efficiency, and design parameters. Data collection was carried out by observation, measurement, and sampling. The result showed that raw water quality complies with the quality standards and is influenced by seasons. Meanwhile, the quality of drinking water produced for the parameters of pH, turbidity, TDS, organic matter, iron, and total coliform has complied with the quality standards. The efficiency removal of turbidity, TDS, organic matter, and iron occurred in conventional processing units were 94.6%, 70.5%, and 90.9%, and the total coliform removal efficiency was 1.8-log (67.05%). Based on the assessment of the design criteria, there are design parameters of the unit that require technical improvement such as detention time of flocculation unit, velocity and detention time in tube settler sedimentation unit, and the capacity of Duren Seribu WTP could be increased by 10% or up to 110 liters/second.
Rainwater harvesting as an alternative of freshwater supply in Balikpapan city – a case study of Institut Teknologi Kalimantan
Authors: Mamangkey E T , Sukmara R B , Ariyaningsih
Published: November 2021

Currently, 73% of the water demand in Balikpapan was only supplied from Manggar Reservoir, and it will continue decreasing parallelly with the increasing population. Regarding the population issues and the government’s planning for the new capital city of Indonesia, Balikpapan will be a buffer city facing serious risk in water supply issues in the future. Therefore, this study seeks to analyze an alternative of water supply. Following the concepts in Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD), The rainwater harvesting (RWH) method was chosen for preventive analysis, and Institut Teknologi Kalimantan (ITK) as one of the reputable’s universities in Balikpapan will be taken as a study location. The results obtained that the monthly water demand in ITK was ranged from 3228.34 m3to 16632.97 m3. Using RWH, water supply analysis was obtained from 3790.62 m3to 10697.31 m3in various rainfall durations (0.5 to 2 hours) and 20 years projections (2022 to 2042). Following the obtained water supply. This study also reveals that the savings of total water usage can be reached from 24% to 100%, and around IDR 14,082,002 to IDR 37,035,390 is converted to currency. The highest saving reached due to water supply meets the water demand.
Biosurfactant and chemical surfactant effectiveness test for oil spills treatment in a saline environment
Authors: Leslie M , Kardena E , Helmy Q
Published: November 2021

Toxic and persistent nature of hydrocarbon and its products make it a significant concern for treating oil spills. In addition, hydrocarbons such as crude oil have long and complex carbon chains, making them challenging to remove directly. Emergency response for oil spills generally conducted by spraying dispersant agent into spillage surface. However, the use of chemical dispersants is reported to have a negative impact on the environment. Therefore, an environmentally friendly method for treating oil spills, utilizing biological agents such as biosurfactant or bioemulsifier, is needed. This research focuses on performance tests of more environmentally friendly surfactants as substitute for chemical surfactant which causes toxic effect when used. Surfactant performance was evaluated through three indicators: emulsifying index, dispersion effectiveness, and germination index (G.I.). Performance test was carried out for three types of surfactants: sophorolipid biosurfactant, methyl ester sulfonate (MES), and tween-80. Dispersion effectiveness test showed sophorolipid, MES, and tween-80 enhanced hydrocarbons dispersion in saline water up to 26.59, 38.65, and 48.19%, respectively. Germination index test showed the average G.I. for oil dispersed by sophorolipid, MES, and tween-80 are 153.16%, 143.94%, and 6.69 %, respectively. Research result suggests sophorolipid and MES have the properties to enhance oil dispersion under-examined laboratory conditions.
Comparison of wastewater treatment in oil and gas industry using conventional methods (chemical, physical and biological)
Authors: Hamdy M , Sudarno  , Huboyo H S
Published: November 2021

The oil and gas industry consumes tons of water, and the water produced from this industry contains harmful substances such as petroleum products and heavy metals that negatively affect humans and the environment. The objective of this research is to know the efficiency of the conventional wastewater treatment technologies (chemical by adding Alum, biological with aeration, and physical by filtration) to treat oily wastewater and the effect of the quantity of Alum on the treatment efficiency by using jar test and laboratory analysis beside modify the system to reuse the treated water in various activities. The treatment results showed a decrease of COD by 27%, BOD by 26.5%, oil and grease by 55%, and heavy metals by 95%, and the final results are compatible with the Egyptian standards. It is found that the optimum alum quantity that can be used is 15 mg/L which can remove 48% of oil and grease. Despite the simplicity and low cost of conventional methods for industrial wastewater treatment compared to advanced methods, they still give acceptable results. Reusing the treated water and sludge saves money, encouraging many industries to use it instead of discharging it.
Environmental impact evaluation of crumb rubber industry production process by life cycle assessment (LCA) method (case study: PT FRP)
Authors: Yerdianti A , Aziz R
Published: November 2021

PT FRP produces crumb rubber SIR 20 with a total annual production of 42.000 tons. This study aims to analyze the environmental impact of 1-ton crumb rubber production using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method to be further explored for recommendations for ecological improvement. LCA was carried by a gate-to-gate scope using SimaPro software with the eco-indicator 99 method. The steps for completing this research refer to ISO 14040:2016. Characterization step results from the category of fossil fuels impact have the highest value (931 MJ surplus). The total value of the single score generated is 369 Pt, with the highest impact value is respiratory inorganics. The dryer drying process, the usage of electricity, and the generator and boiler are four production processes that significantly impact the environment. Improvement recommendations given to reduce the effects of the four processes are using an economizer in the boiler, the combination of fuel used by the boiler, and substitution of diesel fuel with Pertamina Dex as generator’s fuel.
Dry filtration technology application with activated carbon media to remove odor ammonia emissions from production process feed mill industry
Authors: Harihastuti N , Djayanti S , Sari I R J
Published: November 2021

A pilot project research has been conducted to eliminate odor pollution from the feed mill industry. The feed industry in Indonesia has grown, especially in poultry feed production produced in modern feed mills equipped with pelleting technology. This industry is also having an environmental impact in the form of air pollution of its production activities. The laboratory analysis showed that ammonia has emitted, and it was the dominant parameter as the cause of odor in air pollution. This research aims to remove ammonia emissions using dry filtration technology with activated carbon as the filter media in the upright reactor. The reactor is designed from stainless steel material, consisting of 3 trays. The distance between trays is 300 mm, the dimensions of the tray are L.2430 mm, W.1815 mm, H.600 mm, the tray hole diameter is 3 mm. The average gas flow rate is 200-300 Nm3/min. Activated carbon used granules, size 6-8 mm, 200 mm thick in the tray. The results showed that the efficiency of ammonia removal was 81.96%-94.40% and had met the quality standards. This technology is feasible to control ammonia as an odor pollutant in the feed mill industry.
Total mercury pathways from artisanal and small-scale gold mining in Sukabumi using system dynamics model
Authors: Sunaryani A , Ridwan Y S
Published: November 2021

Artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) has been operated in Sukabumi District, West Java, Indonesia, for more than two decades. ASGM uses mercury in a ball mill gold ore processing, and the waste is released into the environment during and after this process. Previous studies have found that mercury-contaminated water, air, sediments, soil, and aquatic biota. This study aimed to predict and analyze total mercury pathways from ASGM in the air, water, sediment, fish, and humans using a system dynamics model. The results showed that the total mercury concentration in water was low and still meets the standard, while the total mercury concentration in sediment had already exceeded the standard. Biomagnification occurred to plankton feeder fish and top predator fish, but still below the level of tolerance mercury. Mercury levels in top predator fish and humans take a long time to exceed the standard (77 and 67 months after entering the body, respectively). The percentage error of 17.67% compared to the experimental data showed that the prediction of the developed system dynamics model is acceptable. Therefore, the model can be used to predict the total mercury pathways in the environment, especially in the ASGM area.
Effect of electrode configuration and voltage variations on electrocoagulation process in surfactant removal from laundry wastewater
Authors: Oktiawan W , Samadikun B P , Junaidi  , Bramahesa I G N , Taqiyya T A , Amrullah M R , Basyar C
Published: November 2021

Almost all human life requires water, one of which is washing clothes. However, city people tend to use laundry services. It is necessary to treat laundry wastewater because it contains parameters that can cause environmental pollution. A promising technique has been found to treat urban wastewater, especially laundry wastewater. An electrochemical method for water treatment is known as electrocoagulation, in which a solution of an active coagulant in the form of metal ions (aluminum or iron) is introduced into a solution. In electrocoagulation, the processes of adsorption, coagulation, precipitation, and flotation taking place. This research was conducted to determine the impact of current on electrocoagulation using Al-Al, Fe-Fe, Al-Fe, Fe-Al electrodes in reducing surfactant levels in laundry wastewater with variations in the voltage used were 20 V, 30 V, 40 V, and 60 V. The results showed that the electrocoagulation process could remove surfactants in laundry wastewater. A voltage of 30 volts with Al-Al electrode configuration was used for 30 minutes to obtain optimum conditions so that it will get a surfactant effluent concentration of 5.77 mg/L with a removal efficiency of 72.89%.
Nitrate concentration and accumulation on vegetables related to altitude and sunlight intensity
Authors: Agusta H , Kartika J G , Sari K R
Published: November 2021

Nitrate absorption and concentration in consumed vegetables should be also interrelated with its quality, where it is now less noticed in standard vegetable quality. The higher nitrate content is associated with the human health impact such as the baby blue syndrome and stimulating the tumor growth. The environmental status on especially sunlight intensity and quality has a special role to control nitrate concentration in the leaves. The purpose of this study was to characterize the nitrate concentration and accumulation in Brassica rapa L. grown in an open field and screen shading at lower and medium altitudes. Plant sampling was arranged at lower altitudes under 500 m asl (meters above sea level) and medium altitudes 500-700 m asl. Plant growth under shading and unshaded condition were observed for nitrate status as absorbed and its concentration in the sap plants. The study site at the lower altitude exposed sunlight intensity by 27.2% higher, where it decreased nitrate accumulation by 39.3%. Nitrate accumulation under shaded condition rate of 54.9% exhibited more 17.7% nitrate concentration in the vegetable.