bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The ontology of Yentl: Umberto Eco, semiosis, mimesis, closets and existence, and how to read “Yentl the Yeshiva Boy”
Authors: West Joel
Published: November 2018

Isaac Bashevis Singer’s short story “Yentl the Yeshiva Boy” (Singer, I. B. 1962. Yentl the yeshiva boy. Commentary Magazine. https://www.commentarymagazine.com/articles/yentl-the-yeshiva-boy-a-story/ (accessed 25 March 2017).) needs to be read in the light of traditional Jewish sources. The question is, how does it stand up to modern hypotheses of gender construction? Yentl was originally published in Yiddish and was translated to English in the latter half of the twentieth century. We will see that the context within which to understand the story properly is encoded in the story itself, as Umberto Eco explains in his The Role of the Reader and The Limits of Interpretation. We will see how the concept of a person’s gender, as a construction by social norms, is viewed within mainstream Jewish thought. Some textual issues and contemporary ideas of gender are applied to the story. Finally, the feature film Yentl (Streisand, B. (dir.). 1983. Yentl [film]. Los Angeles: United Artists Films.) is also compared the short story on which it was based as an example of translation and re-interpretation.
What cycles? Data detrending in DSGE models
Authors: Sun Xiaojin , Tsang Kwok Ping
Published: November 2018

It is widely-known that different methods of detrending data yield different business cycle features. The choice of the detrending method, however, is usually arbitrarily made. This paper aims at revealing potential pitfalls of different detrending methods for the estimation of a standard medium-scale DSGE model. By comparing nine popular detrending methods, we find that model parameter estimates, variance decompositions, optimal monetary policies, and out-of-sample forecasting performances of the model are all sensitive to how the data are detrended. We also discuss some possible criteria to choose among different methods.
The Merits of the Synthesis between Theories: An Explanation of Policy Change in European Regulation on Pesticides through the Multiple Stream Framework and the Stage Model
Authors: Bozzini Emanuela
Published: November 2018

This article combines Multiple Stream Framework and stage model to analyse developments in the European Union regulation of pesticides. In so doing the purpose of this article is threefold: first, it contributes to the theoretical literature by providing an argument in support of the merits of integration of approaches. Second, it provides a refinement of the Multiple Stream Approach by extending it from the original agenda setting stage to the entire policy process. Third, it explains policy changes in a crucial but under-researched area of EU regulation.
RSE, gouvernance d’entreprise et choix d’endettement
Authors: De La Bruslerie Hubert
Published: November 2018

Nous distinguons un premier niveau de RSE, celui d’« accountability » ou encore de transparence. Ce concept est bien identifié par les comptables et les analystes de gouvernance d’entreprise. Cependant, la communi-cation sur la RSE peut être elle-même utilisée de manière opportuniste. La notion de responsabilité est un méca-nisme de gouvernance puissant qui renvoie à un dispositif juridique externe. Sa mise en oeuvre est complexe et nous montrons les limites d’une appréhension légale de la RSE au sein de la fonction-objectif de l’entreprise. Les voies de la régulation interne permettent d’intégrer directement les préoccupations de certaines parties prenantes. Nous le montrons en prenant l’exemple particulier des créanciers de l’entreprise et de la configuration de la relation d’agence entre ces derniers et les actionnaires contrôlants. Enfin, le rôle disciplinaire de la dette est conditionné par le niveau des taux d’intérêt et le contexte macroéconomique.
Dopamine Restores Limbic Memory Loss, Dendritic Spine Structure, and NMDAR-Dependent LTD in the Nucleus Accumbens of Alcohol-Withdrawn Rats
Authors: Cannizzaro Carla , Talani Giuseppe , Brancato Anna , Mulas Giovanna , Spiga Saturnino , De Luca Maria Antonietta , Sanna Angela , Marino Rosa Anna Maria , Biggio Giovanni , Sanna Enrico , Diana Marco
Published: November 2018

Alcohol abuse leads to aberrant forms of emotionally salient memory, i.e., limbic memory, that promote escalated alcohol consumption and relapse. Accordingly, activity-dependent structural abnormalities are likely to contribute to synaptic dysfunctions that occur from suddenly ceasing chronic alcohol consumption. Here we show that alcohol-dependent male rats fail to perform an emotional-learning task during abstinence but recover their functioning byl-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanin (l-DOPA) administration during early withdrawal.l-DOPA also reverses the selective loss of dendritic “long thin” spines observed in medium spiny neurons of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell of alcohol-dependent rats during abstinence, as well as the reduction in tyrosine hydroxylase immunostaining and postsynaptic density-95-positive elements. Patch-clamp experiments in NAc slices reveal that bothin vivosystemicl-DOPA administration andin vitroexposure to dopamine can restore the loss of long-term depression (LTD) formation, counteract the reduction in NMDAR-mediated synaptic currents and rectify the altered NMDAR/AMPAR ratio observed in alcohol-withdrawn rats. Further,in vivomicrodialysis experiments show that blunted dopaminergic signaling is revived afterl-DOPA treatment during early withdrawal. These results suggest a key role of an efficient dopamine signaling for maintaining, and restore, neural trophism, NMDA-dependent LTD, and ultimately optimal learning.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTBlunted dopamine signaling and altered glutamate connectivity in the nucleus accumbens represent the neuroanatomical basis for the impairment in aversive limbic memory observed during withdrawal in alcohol dependence. Supplyingl-DOPA during withdrawal re-establishes synaptic morphology and functional neuroadaptations, suggesting a complete recovery of nucleus accumbens glutamatergic synaptic plasticity when dopamine is revived. Importantly, restoring dopamine transmission allows those synapses to encode emotionally relevant information and rescue flexibility in the neuronal circuits that process limbic memory formation. Under these conditions, drugs capable of selectively boosting the dopaminergic function during the “fluid” and still responsive state of the early withdrawn maladaptive synapses may help in the treatment of alcohol addiction.
When Should Scientists Become Public Activists? The Oxygen Depletion Crisis
Authors: Henderson Gabriel , Turner Roger
Published: November 2018

Scientists can be important public advocates in environmental issues. But scientific activism can take different forms, and deciding when and how to become an activist can be difficult for people who are trained to understand science as the objective pursuit of truth. This case study explores these issues through the history of the Oxygen Depletion Crisis. Between 1966 and 1970, it appeared that the global oxygen supply might be endangered by pesticides, industrial pollution, or the ongoing combustion of fossil fuels. The science was uncertain, but the potential threat was considerable. One response came from geophysicists Lloyd Berkner and Lauriston Marshall, who quietly initiated a research program and refrained from speaking publicly until the full scope of the crisis was better understood, in a conscious effort to avoid provoking public concern. We label this approach “public reticence.” Ecologist LaMont Cole instead made oxygen depletion a prominent talking point in his Congressional testimony and presentations across the country, so successfully stimulating the public concern that oxygen depletion became one of the multiple environmental anxieties motivating mass action on Earth Day in 1970. While the oxygen depletion crisis had a relatively clear scientific resolution, its legacy for environmental policy is interestingly complicated. This case uses historical perspective to help students to debate on scientific activism, an issue especially relevant today in light of climate change and events like the March for Science on Earth Day, 2017.
Improving Timeliness of Medical Evaluations for Children Entering Foster Care
Authors: Terrell Lindsay G. , Skinner Asheley C. , Narayan Aditee P.
Published: November 2018

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends children in foster care (FC) have an initial medical evaluation within 3 days of custody initiation; however, this vulnerable population often suffers from disjointed care. Our aim was to improve the mean time to initial foster care evaluation (TIE) from 32 to <7 days within 12 months for children in FC in Durham County, North Carolina.

METHODS:

This study was a time series, quality improvement project used to target interventions within an academic clinic and a community agency. Interventions were tested through multiple plan-do-study-act cycles. Control charts of the primary outcome, the TIE, were constructed. Charts were annotated with the dates of interventions, including workshops, performance feedback, integration of state forms, identification of appointments, development of an urgent appointment pathway, and empowerment of the scheduler.

RESULTS:

The mean TIE improved from 32 to 9 days within 12 months. Significant improvement in the following 2 process measures contributed to this: the time from custody initiation to the referral date improved from an average of 10 to 3 days, and the time from referral date to the initial evaluation improved from an average of 22 to 6 days.

CONCLUSIONS:

Improvement interventions and increased collaboration between medical and child welfare agencies can result in significant improvement of the TIE. However, despite improvement efforts, challenges remain in meeting the AAP 3-day TIE recommendation. We recommend further assessment of the AAP guideline as it relates to implementation feasibility and health outcomes of children in FC.
Índice de pobreza multidimensional oculta para la localidad de Teusaquillo (Bogotá): propuesta metodológica a partir de percepciones ciudadanas
Authors: Torres Penagos María Fernanda
Published: November 2018

Dentro de sus objetivos, las mediciones de pobreza siguen las condiciones socioeconómicas de la población y sirven como herramienta para el desarrollo de política social. El Índice de Pobreza Multidimensional es limitado a la hora de identificar realidades locales de pobreza. Es el caso de Teusaquillo, donde dicho fenómeno se manifiesta entre sus habitantes y no se evidencia en los indicadores oficiales. El objetivo de este artículo es proponer con una metodología mixta, una medición de pobreza que identifique y caracterice a Teusaquillo partiendo de las carencias que experimentan sus habitantes. Solo así se cumplirán completamente los objetivos planteados.
Desarrollo y adopción de tecnología: ¿la nueva dicotomía de la División Internacional del Trabajo?
Authors: Dulcich Federico
Published: November 2018

La doctrina estructuralista del pensamiento económico siempre ha ponderado el problema de la especialización de los diversos países en la división internacional del trabajo como un obstáculo al desarrollo económico de los países periféricos. El objetivo de este artículo es retomar dicho problema, pero reestructurarlo sobre la dicotomía desarrollo/adopción de tecnología. En la actualidad, los países desarrollados se han especializado en la provisión de tecnología a nivel internacional, mientras que la industrialización tecnológicamente dependiente de los países en desarrollo genera que estos persistan con términos de intercambios desfavorables (debido el carácter concentrado de la oferta tecnológica a nivel internacional), lo que afecta sus posibilidades de desarrollo.
First record of the orchid bee Euglossa imperialis Cockerell, 1922 (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Euglossina) in Mato Grosso do Sul state, midwestern Brazil
Authors: Henrique Jessica Amaral , Sobreiro Ana Isabel , Alves-Júnior Valter Vieira
Published: November 2018

The occurrence of Euglossa imperialis Cockerell, 1922 is recorded for the first time in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. This paper extends the distribution of the species by about 800 km west of the São Paulo state, its nearest record.
Hydrodynamic and energy parameters of gas-liquid media
Authors: Shevchenko A. , Stepanets O. , Sokolenko A. , Bilyk O.
Published: November 2018

The paper presents the results of studies related to determining the interconnections between hydrodynamic and energy parameters of gas-liquid media. The whole scope of information about them taken together allows evaluating the prospects of searching for new technologies and their improvement. In the studies, phenomenological generalizations of theories that comply with Archimedes’, Henry’s, Pascal’s laws and the superposition principle have been used to determine the driving and resistance factors when circulation circuits of media appear.
It is shown that the energy potential of the latter results from the dissolution of the gas phase and the synthesis of the dispersed gas phase during self-organized or forced processes. These two causes are interrelated, but their manifestations are different. The presence of a dispersed gas phase, regardless of the form it appears in, a priori means the presence of a driving factor in the creation of circulation circuits, whereas the presence of a dissolved gas phase is only the root cause of the formation of the dispersed gas phase. In anaerobic processes, gas phase is represented by carbon dioxide, and in aerobic, by air or nitrogen from the composition of air and CO2. The total driving potential of circulation circuits is determined by the gas-holding capacity that, in turn, depends on the intensity of the synthesis of the dispersed gas phase, on the geometry of the media volumes, and on the physical properties of the phases. The gradient by the level of saturation of the liquid phase by the gas phase is determined basing on their physical and chemical properties and by the hydrostatic pressures of the liquid phase. The boundary saturation depends on the gas phase pressure in the supraliquid volume and the hydrostatic pressure. It is shown that a factor that intensifies mass-exchange processes is the relative rate of emergence of the bubbles in the gas phase. Calculation formulae are developed to estimate the gas-holding capacity and driving factors in the form of Archimedes’ buoyant forces. It is pointed out how important circulation circuits are in creating desaturation and saturation zones of media in order to improve the living conditions for microorganisms.
EGFR Mutation Testing: Changing Patterns of Molecular Testing in Brazil
Authors: Palacio Sofia , Pontes Luciola , Prado Edna , Arshad Junaid , Ali Robert , Piha Tony , Bacchi Carlos Eduardo , Mudad Raja , Lopes Gilberto
Published: November 2018

Background

In Brazil, cancer is the second most common cause of death. Most patients in resource-limited countries are diagnosed in advanced stages. Current guidelines advocate for EGFR mutation testing in all patients with metastatic adenocarcinoma. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors are recommended in patients with advanced or metastatic disease harboring sensitizing mutations. In Brazil, there are limited data regarding the frequency of EGFR testing and the changes in patterns of testing overtime.

Materials and Methods

This was an observational, retrospective study. We obtained deidentified data from a commercial database, which included 11,684 patients with non-small cell lung cancer treated between 2011 and 2016 in both public and private settings. We analyzed the frequency of EGFR mutation testing over time. We also directly studied 3,664 tumor samples, which were analyzed between 2011 and 2013. These samples were tested for EGFR mutations through an access program to tyrosine kinase inhibitors in Brazil.

Results

Overall, 38% of patients were tested for EGFR mutations; 76% of them were seen in the private sector, and 24% were seen in the public center. The frequency of testing for EGFR mutations increased significantly over time: 13% (287/2,228 patients) in 2011, 34% (738/2,142) in 2012, 39% (822/2,092) in 2013, 44% (866/1,972) in 2014, 53% (1,165/2,184) in 2015, and 42% (1,359/3,226) in 2016. EGFR mutations were detected in 25.5% of analyzed samples (857/3,364). Deletions in Exon 19 were the most frequent mutations, detected in 54% of patients (463/857).

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that the frequency of EGFR mutation in this cohort was lower than that found in Asia but higher than in North American and Western European populations. The most commonly found mutations were in Exon 19 and Exon 21. Our study shows that fewer than half of patients are being tested and that the disparity is greater in the public sector.

Implications for Practice

These data not only indicate the shortage of testing but also show that the rates of positivity in those tested seem to be higher than in other cohorts for which data have been published. This study further supports the idea that awareness and access to testing should be improved in order to improve survival rates in lung cancer in Brazil.
Timelike Factorable Surfaces in Minkowski Space-Time
Authors: BÜYÜKKÜTÜK Sezgin
Published: November 2018

In this study, we discuss timelike factorable surfaces in Minkowski 4-space E_1^4. We calculate Gaussian and mean curvatures of these surfaces and classify timelike flat and minimal factorable surfaces in Minkowski space-time.
Intercorporate Equity Holdings in the Financial Accounts of the United States
Authors: Briggs Joseph , Hall Hannah
Published: November 2018

This FEDS Note details these changes and highlights the new data on intercorporate equity investments available in the Financial Accounts.
Barwienie preparatów v1
Authors: Kopacz Wojciech
Published: November 2018

Standardowa procedura barwienia
RATIONAL MANAGEMENT OF THE GENE POOL OF VALUABLE BREEDS OF ANIMALS FOR THE PURPOSE OF CONSERVATION OF BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY
Authors: Ulimbashev Murat B. , Kulintsev Valery V. , Selionova Marina I. , Ulimbasheva Radina A. , Abilov Batyrkhan T. , Alagirova Zhanna T.
Published: November 2018

Aim. The aim is to conduct an analysis of biodiversity of valuable breeds of animals, as well as to assess its condition, find ways of preserving domestic genetic resources and identify their economically valuable qualities. Discussion. The material is presented, which proves the need to preserve valuable, rare and endangered breeds of agricultural animals characterized by high quality indices of production, longevity, fertility, resistance to diseases, adaptive abilities to extreme environmental conditions. Importance of carrying out these measures is associated with the absorption of domestic flocks by foreign breeds, which led to a decrease in genetic diversity and the continuing trend in the displacement of rare and endangered breeds of animals. One of the ways of preserving animals that cause breeders' concern is the use of seed cryopreservation, which is actively pursued by a number of scientists and specialized institutions. Lack of effective legislative framework, as well as the lack of state support for conservation programs for these breeds, causes significant damage to the problem of preserving local breeds. Together with the listed benefits from breeding local livestock, their role in the biological diversity should be taken into account. Conclusion. Despite the invaluable contribution to the preservation of local breeds and animal populations made by the profile research institutes (the Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry - L. K. Ernst Institute of Animal Husbandry, All Russian Research Institute Of Animal Breeding) and individual scientists, the given problem requires its inclusion in the legislative framework and effective state support.
Small Molecules Targeting Mutant P53: A Promising Approach for Cancer Treatment
Authors: Lopes Elizabeth A. , Gomes Sara , Saraiva Lucília , Santos Maria M.M.
Published: November 2018

:

More than half of all human tumors express mutant forms of p53, with the ovary,
lung, pancreas, and colorectal cancers among the tumor types that display the highest prevalence
of p53 mutations. In addition, the expression of mutant forms of p53 in tumors is associated
with poor prognosis due to increased chemoresistance and invasiveness. Therefore, the
pharmacological restoration of wild-type-like activity to mutant p53 arises as a promising therapeutic
strategy against cancer. This review is focused on the most relevant mutant p53 small
molecule reactivators described to date. Despite some of them have entered into clinical trials,
none has reached the clinic, which emphasizes that new pharmacological alternatives, particularly
with higher selectivity and lower adverse toxic side effects, are still required.
Glecaprevir/Pibrentasvir Induced Cholestatic Jaundice in a HCV Patient with Renal Failure. A Case Presentation
Authors: Caroleo Benedetto , Caroleo Maria Cristina , Cimellaro Antonio , Colangelo Lidia , Perticone Maria , Di Mizio Giulio , De Sarro Giovambattista , Gallelli Luca
Published: November 2018

Background: Direct-acting Antivirals (DAA) are currently used in the treatment of chronic
HCV infection. In patients with renal failure Glecaprevir/Pibrentasvir (genotype 1-6) is recommended
for its safety and efficacy.

Case Presentation:

Although these pharmacological characteristics, an adverse drug reaction (ADR)
has been reported during Glecaprevir/Pibrentasvir treatment, such as the development of cholestatic
jaundice in an elderly patient with chronic HCV (genotype 2) infection. At examination, patient was
jaundiced associated with intense pruritus.

Results:

Ultrasound and laboratory biochemical tests excluded a liver failure (e.g. liver cancer, and
liver lithiasis) or pancreatic cancer while Naranjo probability scale (score 6) suggested an association
between cholestatic jaundice and Glecaprevir/Pibrentasvir administration. About 1 month after drug
discontinuation, an improvement has been documented in both jaundice and pruritus, with a
normalization in bilirubin levels (total bilirubin: 0.96 mg/dL), HCV-RNA was undetected also. It is
worth mentioning that although we reported the development of cholestatic jaundice upon treatment
with Glecaprevir/Pibrentasvir we recorded a clinical efficacy (HCV-RNA <15 IU/L) after 4 weeks
from the beginning of the treatment, with a complete remission of clinical symptoms until 7 months
after drug discontinuation.

Conclusion:

These data support the clinical efficacy of Glecaprevir/Pibrentasvir association in elderly
patients, despite the sub-optimal period of treatment.
INFORMAÇÃO POLÍTICA, CAMPANHA NEGATIVA E ELEIÇÕES O CONTEÚDO DAS CAMPANHAS PRESIDENCIAIS DE 2010 NO TWITTER
Authors: Aggio Camilo
Published: November 2018

Este artigo propõe uma discussão teórica acerca dos princípios da igualdade objetiva e da racionalidade da democracia e suas relações intrínsecas com o provimento de informações de interesse público, particularmente aquelas produzidas e distribuídas por campanhas políticas em ambientes digitais e seus possíveis diferenciais. Para tanto, foram analisadas todas as mensagens publicadas nos perfis dos três principais candidatos a presidente do Brasil em 2010 (José Serra, Dilma Rousseff e Marina Silva) na plataforma Twitter, compreendendo os períodos de pré-campanha, primeiro e segundo turnos da disputa presidencial.
POSIBILIDADES Y LÍMITES DE LA OBSERVACIÓN ELECTORAL INTERNACIONAL EN DEMOCRACIAS FRÁGILES O PRECARIAS
Authors: Binder Christina
Published: November 2018

 

 

 El presente artículo analiza las posibilidades y los límites de las misiones internacionales de observación electoral en democracias frágiles, invocando el acervo y la experiencia de las misiones de la Oficina de Instituciones Democráticas y de Derechos Humanos (OIDDH) de la Organización para la Seguridad y la Cooperación en Europa (OSCE). Luego de revisar los diferentes formatos y métodos utilizados por las misiones de observación electoral (MOE) y las normas internacionales relevantes para su evaluación, se esbozan de manera general las posibilidades y desafíos que tiene que enfrentar una MOE. En ese sentido se examinará la utilidad de las misiones de observación electoral en democracias frágiles, argumentando que en determinadas circunstancias, tiene sentido enviar misiones electorales a países con democracias precarias o en riesgo.
El financiamiento de la vida política y de las actividades electorales en el Uruguay
Authors: González Rissotto Rodolfo
Published: November 2018

La cuestión del financiamiento de la vida política y de las actividades electorales en Uruguay es un tema que ha atraído creciente atención en la región y el mundo. Uruguay que fue uno de los primeros países que financió las actividades de los partidos políticos hace ochenta y siete años, y ha sido de los últimos que ha adoptado una normativa que pretende regular distintos aspectos del financiamiento, aunque con severas limitaciones como se verá en detenimiento.
Elecciones de candidatos independientes en México
Authors: Olivos Campos José René
Published: November 2018

Este artículo trata el resultado de las elecciones de 2015 y 2016 de las candidaturas independientes en el régimen jurídico electoral establecido en el constitucionalismo y la legislación expedida desde el año 2012, que reconoce a los ciudadanos para postularse a cargos de elección popular sin ser propuestos por partido político, lo que generó la alternancia en el ejercicio del gobierno federal y local en México, con resultados pocos significativos, pero sin que ello implique el fracaso y si avances en el sistema democrático.
UNA VÍA ALTERNATIVA A LA FINANCIACIÓN DE LOS PARTIDOS POLÍTICOS: EL CROWDFUNDING
Authors: Ruiz Espinosa José
Published: November 2018

La economía colaborativa está rompiendo los modelos tradicionales de negocio en multitud de sectores, los partidos políticos también han acudido a ésta nueva forma de captación de recursos económicos, esto es, el crowdfunding o financiación participativa. Por ello, es oportuno analizar la normativa de financiación de partidos políticos en relación a esta nueva forma de captación fondos. Tras los diversos escándalos de financiación de los partidos políticos en los últimos años, el legislador español ha realizado diversas reformas legislativas destinadas a evitar la financiación ilegal. Ante la desafección de los votantes y la falta de trasparencia de la financiación privada respecto a los partidos políticos, quizás el crowdfunding contribuya a dotar de más transparencia y a crear un vínculo más sólido con su electorado.
Los límites del pluralismo político: la libertad en la institución del programa partidista versus la ilegalidad de organizaciones partidistas
Authors: Santano Ana Claudia
Published: November 2018

Este ensayo busca traer un breve bosquejo sobre la delicada cuestión de la libertad de los partidos políticos ante a un posible daño a la democracia. El asunto tiene su relevancia desde la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Se entiende que la democracia debe abarcar todos los tipos de pensamiento y de posiciones políticas, confiriendo sus espacios en la esfera pública. Por otro lado, se debate si la democracia también debe aceptar que sus actores la ataquen sin que se pueda impedirlos.
Los partidos políticos en la constitución de la nación argentina: su carácter de instituciones fundamentales del sistema democrático y la competencia para postular candidatos a cargos públicos electivos
Authors: Vivo Gustavo A.
Published: November 2018

El presente artículo aborda los antecedentes y evolución histórica de los partidos políticos en el texto constitucional desde el siglo XIX a la fecha, atravesando por etapas de rechazo, tolerancia, legalización y finalmente su constitucionalización en 1994. Enumera a los países que dieron inspiración a las normas relativas tanto a los partidos políticos como a las reglas básicas del juego democrático, centrándose en si los partidos pueden o no ser reemplazados por candidatos independientes o por intermediación de entidades que no sean partidos políticos. Para ello reflexiona sobre dos controversias nacionales y dos internacionales a fin de arrojar más luz a este respecto.
El derecho humano al agua y las inversiones extranjeras: reflexiones en torno a responsabilidades concurrentes en el derecho internacional
Authors: Echaide Javier I.
Published: November 2018

El presente artículo desarrolla problemas que surgen de la fragmentación del derecho internacional y de la subjetividad estatal como única figura aplicable para la asignación de responsabilidades en materia de derechos humanos. El caso concreto es el derecho humano al agua. Se enumeran las normas que establecen que el derecho al agua potable y al saneamiento es un derecho humano reconocido y vinculante tanto en el derecho internacional positivo como por el consuetudinario. Luego se definen contradicciones normativas entre el derecho humano al agua y los tratados bilaterales de inversión (TBI) que protegen a las inversiones extranjeras de empresas multinacionales. Dichas contradicciones generan asimetrías en favor de las empresas inversionistas pero que desbalancean la relación entre derechos y obligaciones, y acarrean la posible violación del derecho humano al agua. Ante estas violaciones es necesario rever la asignación de responsabilidades en el marco internacional tanto para el Estado como para los entes privados como obligaciones incumplidas en forma concurrente, es decir una misma obligación –proveer de agua y saneamiento a las comunidades- pero por causas legales distintas. La responsabilidad es la misma, y la figura del cómplice sirve a los efectos de atribuir tal responsabilidad a todos los actores involucrados para con ello resarcir a las víctimas frente a los abusos y dar herramientas que haga progresar al derecho internacional y mejore la calidad de vida de los pueblos.
Régimen jurídico de la autonomía de los menores de edad en el marco de las decisiones sanitarias
Authors: Jorqui Azofra María
Published: November 2018

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo estudiar el alcance de la autonomía decisoria de los menores de edad en el ámbito sanitario. Para ello, se abordará el alcance de las facultades de éstos, que serán distintas según se trate de menores maduros o no, y el papel que pueda corresponder a los representantes legales cuando de lo que se trata, en este contexto, es del ejercicio de los derechos de la personalidad. Se propondrán las coordenadas básicas desde las que afrontar uno de los principales desafíos que se plantean en esta materia: cómo promover la autonomía personal de los menores de edad en el marco de la toma de decisiones sanitarias, sin descuidar su condición diferenciadora (minoría) y su posible situación de vulnerabilidad, desde la perspectiva de la protección de su interés superior.
Reflexiones Sobre la Fragilidad de los Vínculos Recíprocos en la Sociedad de Consumo.
Authors: Hérnandez Jiménez Benito
Published: November 2018

El pensamiento baumaniano propone que la modernidad líquida es amorfa, indefinida, cambiante, inestable, efímera en el que el exceso es la norma de la repetición compulsiva de la lógica de consumo; la seguridad deviene en guetificación y el torbellino de angustia que experimentan los sujetos en la moderna vida líquida significan la fragilidad de los vínculos recíprocos.
Comentario a la Ley Nº 27.444
Authors: Sukerman Roberto
Published: November 2018

Análisis a la ley Comentario a la Ley Nº 27.444, que se publico el 18 de junio de 2018  en el Boletín Oficial de la República Argentina.
Análisis de la sentencia de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos. Caso Carvajal Carvajal y otros vs. Colombia
Authors: Hernández Becerra Agusto
Published: November 2018

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La juridicidad del deber moral de fidelidad
Authors: Torres Flor Analucía
Published: November 2018

Conforme al artículo 431º del Código Civil y Comercial argentino, “Los esposos se comprometen a desarrollar un proyecto de vida en común basado en la cooperación, la convivencia y el deber moral de fidelidad. Deben prestarse ayuda mutua.” En este sentido, nos encontramos frente a una nueva regulación que diferencia entre derechos-deberes propiamente jurídicos y un derecho-deber moral: el deber de fidelidad. Por su parte, la doctrina jurídica argentina, discute si además de su carácter moral, el deber de fidelidad, tendría carácter jurídico o si se trata de un deber estrictamente moral y, por tanto, no generaría ninguna clase de efectos jurídicos.

Por otro lado, si la regulación del deber de fidelidad en el CCyC es indubitablemente moral, ¿Cuál (es) son/es la(s) razón (es) de tan controvertidas interpretaciones? ¿El deber de fidelidad tiene carácter estrictamente moral, tiene carácter moral y además jurídico?

Conforme al artículo 431º del Código Civil y Comercial argentino, “Los esposos se comprometen a desarrollar un proyecto de vida en común basado en la cooperación, la convivencia y el deber moral de fidelidad. Deben prestarse ayuda mutua.” En este sentido, nos encontramos frente a una nueva regulación que diferencia entre derechos-deberes propiamente jurídicos y un derecho-deber moral: el deber de fidelidad. Por su parte, la doctrina jurídica argentina, discute si además de su carácter moral, el deber de fidelidad, tendría carácter jurídico o si se trata de un deber estrictamente moral y, por tanto, no generaría ninguna clase de efectos jurídicos.

Por otro lado, si la regulación del deber de fidelidad en el CCyC es indubitablemente moral, ¿Cuál (es) son/es la(s) razón (es) de tan controvertidas interpretaciones? ¿El deber de fidelidad tiene carácter estrictamente moral, tiene carácter moral y además jurídico?
ISOLATION AND INVESTIGATION OF PHYTOCHEMICALS AND PHARMACOLOGICAL SCREENING OF TAGETES ERECTA L. LEAVES EXTRACT
Authors: Jayavant Thorat Kranti
Published: November 2018

Extraction and isolation of plant constituents plays an important role as a therapeutic remedy. Isolation of active plant constituents helps in developing lead molecule in drug development process. Aim of present study is to extract, isolate plant constituents and spectral and pharmacological investigation. The major advantage of herbal drugs to synthetic drugs is that they produce more therapeutic effect and fewer side effects. Herbal drugs also have potential in drug development by generating a lead molecule which helps in designing of synthetic drugs. Tagetes species belonging to family Asteraceae, are most common in plant kingdom, which is used in different areas like cosmetic preparation, medicines as well as it is most commonly used as ornamentals. Flowers are mainly used for all these purposes by using extraction process. Tagetes species contains mainly lutien such as carotenoids or xanthophylls containing two cyclic end groups and basic C-40 isoprene unit. The leaves are reported to possess wound healing, antiulcer, muscular pain relief activities10. The basic criteria of present work are to isolate the active plant constituents from these plants and to avail about its anticancer activity on cancer cell line
Nipah Virus – Thread to Pregnancy
Authors: Kumar Sujeet , BHATIA Shubham , Sharma Amit , Painuly Neelam
Published: November 2018

Nipah virus is a type of zoonotic virus. Which cause serious respiratory nervous problems along with serious fever it get easily transmitted to one infected person to another person. Nipah virus is a great thread to mankind. Nipah virus belong to the family of Paramyxoviridae. Nipah virus positive person is called as NiV positive pigs various birds are also effected by the virus badly. So the study and proper knowledge about Nipah virus should be their.
DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF FENOFIBRATE TABLET BY COMAPARING TWO DIFFERENT SOLUBILITY AND DISSOLUTION ENHANCEMENT METHODS
Authors: Dua J S , Kaur Beerpal , Prasad D N
Published: November 2018

Fenofibrate is a drug included in BCS class II category, generally used to reduce cholesterol level in patient having a risk of cardiovascular disease. The main aim of this research was to ameliorate solubility and dissolution profile of Fenofibrate with comparison between two different methods i.e. Solid dispersion and liquisolid technique. In liquisolid system, a dry freely flowing and compressible powder mixture was obtained which absorb drug solution or suspension in non-volatile solvent. While in case of solid dispersion drug was dispersed with suitable hydrophillic carrier with or without volatile solvent to get powder material. Two formulation of Fenofibrate solid dispersion were prepared by solvent evaporation method using β-CD as a hydrophillic carrier with ratios 1:1 and 1:3. In case of liquisolid technique, two liquisolid compacts were prepared with ‘R’ value 20:1 and 40:1 using Avicel PH 102 as a carrier and Aerosil 200 as a coating material. All the formulations were characterized by FTIR, DSC and solubility studies. Precompression studies of all the batches were done by determining angle of repose (25.100- 35.020), bulk density (0.51- 0.56 g/ml), tapped density (0.60-0.66 g/ml), carr’s index (15.61-19.03%) and hausner’s ratio (1.13-1.25). Post compression evaluation was done by checking hardness (4-5 kg/cm2), thickness (3.56-4.01mm), friability (0.54-0.75%), disintegration time (3.50-5.56min), drug content (80.34-95.05%) and in-vitro drug release (81.55-92.93%). Out of all the four batches SD2 batch that was prepared by solid technology showed an excellent result by releasing drug at  96.91 %.

Key words-  Fenofibrate, Solid dispersion, Liquisolid compact, Avicel PH 102, Aerosil 200.
TOPICAL DELIVERY OF NANOEMULSION FOR ANTIPSORIATIC DRUGS
Authors: Khurana Bharat , Arora Daisy , Narang RK
Published: November 2018

Psoriasis is an autoimmune disorder of the skin characterized by relapsing episodes of inflammatory lesions and hyperkeratotic plaques with worldwide occurrence of around 2–5%. Psoriasis is a disease known to be caused by multitude of both genetic and environmental factors such as trauma, drugs, infection, alcohol, smoking and stress but its accurate origin is still not known. Further, available treatment options are associated with both inappropriate cosmetic appearance and related toxicities leading to poor patient compliance in long term use. Nanotechnology based drug delivery system has immense potential to enhance the bioavailability and effectiveness of drugs in their dosage forms, especially lipophilic drugs. Lipid based carrier system can overcome the lipid imbalance and normal moisturizing factors. Nanoemulsions, as one of a new carrier apparently have the prospective to conquer numerous problems related with topical antipsoriatic therapy. This delivery system could perhaps offer a good alternative in topical psoriasis treatment. Not only on how nanoemulsions prepared, but it depends on the active ingredients used and the selection of oil could as well enhance the efficiency of topical treatment towards psoriasis. A good combination of both active and suitable oils would result a better treatment and better effect.

Keywords: Topical nanoemulsion, Antipsoriatic therapy, Critical quality attributes.
ANTI-CSC COMBINATION THERAPY USING WNT SIGNALING-TARGETED DRUG
Authors: Dhandapani Muthu , Balakrishnan Babu , Sivamani Ganesan
Published: November 2018

Dysfunctions of Wnt, Hedgehog and Notch pathways are evident in multiple tumor types and malignancies. A number of studies have suggested that dysregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling occurs in human breast cancer. Specifically, inhibition of Wnt/ β-catenin pathway is implicated in arresting of cancer stem cells (CSCs), a small subset of cancer cells capable of self-renewal and differentiation into heterogeneous tumor cells. Here, we investigated tumor initiating property of breast cancer stem cell in-vitro with XAV-939 an inhibitor of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Targeting Wnt/β-catenin signaling with this inhibitor represents a promising strategy to suppress metastasis.

Keywords: Cancer Stem Cell, 3D Mammosphere, Wnt/β-catenin, metastasis, CD44+/CD24
ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL POTENTIAL OF CRATEVA MAGNA (Lour.) DC
Authors: Roy Saumendu Deb , Dash Suvakanta , Dasgupta Debaprotim
Published: November 2018

In the present study, Crateva magna bark was extracted with various solvents in order to their standing in the polarity chart and the extracts were then subjected to preliminary phytochemical investigation. After that we have subjected the extracts to antioxidant assay using FTC, TBA, DPPH and Reducing Power assay as models and Antimicrobial assay. The Chloroform extract has shown potential antioxidant and antimicrobial activity among all the extracts under evaluation. The findings here justify the ethnomedicinal claim against the plant under consideration.

Keywords: Crateva magna, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Ethnomedicine.
REVIEW ON SWERTIA CHIRATA AS TRADITIONAL USES TO ITS PYHTOCHEMISTRY AND PHRMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITY
Authors: Aleem Abdul , Kabir Hifzul
Published: November 2018

Swertia chirata (Gentianaceae), is a popular medicinal plant native to temperate Himalaya. The plant of Swertia chirata is found at an altitude of 1200-1300m, from Bhutan to Kashmir and in the Khasi hills at 1200-1500m. It also can be grown in sub-temperate territories between 1500-2100m altitudes. Chirata has an erect and about 2-3 ft long stem.  Herbal medicinal plants are necessary for about for about 80% of the world population in developed and developing countries for their basic and primary health care required owing to better tolerability, superior empathy with human body and having lesser side effects. Herbal plants are considered as rich source of phytochemical ingredients. The main chemical ingredients are Swertiamarin, Amarogentin, Swechirin, Mangiferin, Sweroside, Gentianine, Amaroswerin, Oleanolic acid, Swertanoone, Ursolic acid. Phytochemical analysis divulges alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, glycosides, triterpenoids, saponins, xanthones and ascorbic acid in all samples. Nepali S. chirata was found to have finest TLC (thin layer chromatography). People have been using traditional medicinal plants for thousand years ago. Traditional plants play a very important role in preventing and treating of human diseases. Medicinal usage of Swertia chirata is reported in Indian pharmaceutical codex, the American and the British pharmacopoeias and in the different traditional systems of medicine (Unani, Ayurveda and Siddha). Swertia chirata is commonly known as a bitter tonic in traditional system of medicine for the treatment of fever, loss of appetite, digestive disorders, diabetes, skin and various other diseases.

Keywords: Swertia chirata, swerchirin, Anti-inflammatory, Oleanolic acid, Traditional medicine.
A REVIEW ON ALOE VERA-THE WONDER MEDICINAL PLANT
Authors: Lanka Suseela
Published: November 2018

Aloe vera, a succulent plant that grows in arid and subtropical climates is best known for its medicinal properties and is used in Ayurvedic, Homoeopathic and Allopathic streams of medicine. It has been in use for a long time by people of varied cultures and traditional uses include applications to reduce perspiration, oral dosing for diabetes and to get rid of a range of gastrointestinal ailments. It is also used to treat burn wounds, minor cuts, genital herpes, and seborrheic dermatitis. The leaves of this wonderful medicinal plant contain numerous vitamins, minerals, natural sugars, enzymes, amino acids, and as well rich in various bioactive compounds that exhibit emollient, purgative, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-helmenthic, antifungal, aphrodisiac, antiseptic and cosmetic values. Many cosmetic industries widely use this plant owing to its healing and nourishing properties. 

Keywords: Aloe vera, Medicinal Uses, bioactive compounds, Cosmetic industries
TRANSFEROSOME: A RECENT APPROACH FOR TRANSDERMAL DRUG DELIVERY
Authors: Kumar Abhay
Published: November 2018

Novel drug delivery systems are now a day is creating a new interest in development of drug deliveries. The transdermal route of drug delivery has gained great interest of pharmaceutical research, as it circumvents number of problems associated with oral route of drug administration. Transferosomes are capable of transdermal delivery of low as well as high molecular weight drugs. This offers several potential advantages over conventional routes like avoidance of first pass metabolism, predictable and extended duration of activity, minimizing undesirable side effects, utility of short half life drugs, improving physiological and pharmacological response and have been applied to increases the efficiency of the material transfer across the intact skin, by the use of penetration enhancers and non-ionic surfactant vesicles. It is suitable for controlled and targeted drug delivery and it can accommodate drug molecules with wide range of solubility. Due to its high deformability it gives better penetration of intact vesicles. Transferosome possess an infrastructure consisting of hydrophobic and hydrophilic moieties together and as a result can accommodate drug molecules with wide range of solubility. They are biocompatible and biodegradable as they are made from natural phospholipids and have high entrapment efficiency. In this review, we have focused on transferosome with discussions on novel drug delivery systems for targeted delivery of therapeutics and important issues and challenges for future clinical applications.

Keywords: Novel drug delivery systems, Transferosomes, Transdermal drug delivery, Targeted drug delivery
Effects of Enzymatic Activation of Bleaching Gels on Hydrogen Peroxide Degradation Rates, Bleaching Effectiveness, and Cytotoxicity
Authors: Ortecho-Zuta U , de Oliveira Duque CC , Leite ML , Bordini EAF , Basso FG , Hebling J , de Souza Costa CA , Soares DG
Published: November 2018

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) on the release of free radicals, bleaching effectiveness, and indirect cytotoxicity of a 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP) bleaching gel.

Methods and Materials:

First, HP degradation rates and free radical release were evaluated for 35% HP in contact or not with HRP (10 mg/mL). The bleaching gel associated or not with HRP was then applied (3 × 15 minutes) to enamel/dentin discs adapted to artificial pulp chambers, and the culture medium in contact with dentin surfaces (extract) was collected and exposed to cultured odontoblast-like cells. Membrane damage and viability of cells as well as oxidative stress were evaluated. Residual HP/free radical diffusion was quantified, and bleaching effectiveness (ΔE) was assessed. Unbleached discs served as negative controls.

Results:

The addition of HRP to the 35% HP bleaching gel enhanced the release of free radicals in comparison with plain HP gel. The 35% HP-mediated cytotoxicity significantly decreased with HRP in the bleaching gel and was associated with reduced HP/free radical diffusion through the enamel/dentin discs. ΔE values increased every bleaching session for HRP-containing gel relative to positive control, accelerating the whitening outcome.

Conclusion:

The enzymatic activation of a 35% HP bleaching gel with HRP accelerated HP degradation mediated by intensification of free radical release. This effect optimized whitening outcome as well as minimized residual HP and free radical diffusion through enamel and dentin, decreasing the harmful effects on odontoblast-like cells.