bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the Profitability of Selfish Blockchain Mining Under Consideration of Ruin
Authors: Hansjoerg Albrecher , Pierre-Olivier Goffard
Published: November 2021

Mining blocks on a blockchain equipped with a proof of work consensus protocol is well known to be resource consuming. A miner bears the operational cost, mainly electricity consumption and IT gear, of mining and is compensated by a capital gain when a block is discovered. This paper aims at quantifying the profitability of mining when the possible event of ruin is also considered. This is done by formulating a tractable stochastic model and using tools from applied probability and analysis, including the explicit solution of a certain type of advanced functional differential equation. The expected profit at a future time point is determined for the situation when the miner follows the protocol as well as when the miner withholds blocks. The obtained explicit expressions allow us to analyze the sensitivity with respect to the different model components and to identify conditions under which selfish mining is a strategic advantage.
In-Network Convolution in Grid Shaped Sensor Networks
Authors: Hrovatin Niki , Tošić Aleksandar , Vičič Jernej
Published: November 2021

Gathering information is the primary purpose of a Sensor Network. The task is performed by spatially distributed nodes equipped with sensing, processing, and communication capabilities. However, data gathered from a sensor network must be processed, and often the collective computation capability of nodes forming the sensor network is neglected in favor of data processing on cloud systems. Nowadays, Edge Computing has emerged as a new paradigm aiming to migrate data processing close to data sources. In this contribution, we focus on the development of a sensor network designed to detect a person’s fall. We named this sensor network the smart floor. Fall detection is tackled with a Convolutional Neural Network, and we propose an approach for in-network processing of convolution layers on grid-shaped sensor networks. The proposed approach could lead to the development of a sensor network that detects falls by performing CNN inference processing on the edge. We complement our work with a simulation using the simulator ns-3. The simulation is designed to emulate the communication overhead of the proposed approach applied to a wired sensor network that resembles the smart floor. Simulation results provide evidence on the feasibility of the proposed concept applied to wired grid shaped sensor networks.
Improving timeliness in the neglected tropical diseases preventive chemotherapy donation supply chain through information sharing: A retrospective empirical analysis
Authors: Kasparis Elena , Huang Yufei , Lin William , Vasilakis Christos
Published: November 2021

Background

Billions of doses of medicines are donated for mass drug administrations in support of the World Health Organization’s “Roadmap to Implementation,” which aims to control, eliminate, and eradicate Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs). The supply chain to deliver these medicines is complex, with fragmented data systems and limited visibility on performance. This study empirically evaluates the impact of an online supply chain performance measurement system, “NTDeliver,” providing understanding of the value of information sharing towards the success of global health programs.

Methods

Retrospective secondary data were extracted from NTDeliver, which included 1,484 shipments for four critical medicines ordered by over 100 countries between February 28, 2006 and December 31, 2018. We applied statistical regression models to analyze the impact on key performance metrics, comparing data before and after the system was implemented.

Findings

The results suggest information sharing has a positive association with improvement for two key performance indicators: purchase order timeliness (β = 0.941, p = 0.003) and—most importantly—delivery timeliness (β = 0.828, p = 0.027). There is a positive association with improvement for three variables when the data are publicly shared: shipment timeliness (β = 2.57, p = 0.001), arrival timeliness (β = 2.88, p = 0.003), and delivery timeliness (β = 2.82, p = 0.011).

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that information sharing between the NTD program partners via the NTDeliver system has a positive association with supply chain performance improvements, especially when data are shared publicly. Given the large volume of medicine and the significant number of people requiring these medicines, information sharing has the potential to provide improvements to global health programs affecting the health of tens to hundreds of millions of people.
Multimodal biomarker discovery for active Onchocerca volvulus infection
Authors: Lagatie Ole , Njumbe Ediage Emmanuel , Van Roosbroeck Dirk , Van Asten Stijn , Verheyen Ann , Batsa Debrah Linda , Debrah Alex , Odiere Maurice R. , T’Kindt Ruben , Dumont Emmie , Sandra Koen , Dillen Lieve , Verhaeghe Tom , Vreeken Rob , Cuyckens Filip , Stuyver Lieven J.
Published: November 2021

The neglected tropical disease onchocerciasis, or river blindness, is caused by infection with the filarial nematode Onchocerca volvulus. Current estimates indicate that 17 million people are infected worldwide, the majority of them living in Africa. Today there are no non-invasive tests available that can detect ongoing infection, and that can be used for effective monitoring of elimination programs. In addition, to enable pharmacodynamic studies with novel macrofilaricide drug candidates, surrogate endpoints and efficacy biomarkers are needed but are non-existent. We describe the use of a multimodal untargeted mass spectrometry-based approach (metabolomics and lipidomics) to identify onchocerciasis-associated metabolites in urine and plasma, and of specific lipid features in plasma of infected individuals (O. volvulus infected cases: 68 individuals with palpable nodules; lymphatic filariasis cases: 8 individuals; non-endemic controls: 20 individuals). This work resulted in the identification of elevated concentrations of the plasma metabolites inosine and hypoxanthine as biomarkers for filarial infection, and of the urine metabolite cis-cinnamoylglycine (CCG) as biomarker for O. volvulus. During the targeted validation study, metabolite-specific cutoffs were determined (inosine: 34.2 ng/ml; hypoxanthine: 1380 ng/ml; CCG: 29.7 ng/ml) and sensitivity and specificity profiles were established. Subsequent evaluation of these biomarkers in a non-endemic population from a different geographical region invalidated the urine metabolite CCG as biomarker for O. volvulus. The plasma metabolites inosine and hypoxanthine were confirmed as biomarkers for filarial infection. With the availability of targeted LC-MS procedures, the full potential of these 2 biomarkers in macrofilaricide clinical trials, MDA efficacy surveys, and epidemiological transmission studies can be investigated.
Modeling the influence of motor skills on literacy in third grade: Contributions of executive functions and handwriting
Authors: Lê Margaux , Quémart Pauline , Potocki Anna , Gimenes Manuel , Chesnet David , Lambert Eric
Published: November 2021

Several nonlanguage factors influence literacy development, and motor skills are among those most studied. Despite the publication of several studies that have supported the existence of this relationship, the type of influence and underlying mechanisms have been little explored. Herein, we propose modeling the relationship between motor skills and literacy through structural equation modeling, testing the contribution of executive functions and handwriting skills as the possible mediators of this relationship. In a study of 278 third-grade children, we used a wide range of measures related to written language (reading, spelling, reading comprehension, and written production), fine motor skills (dominant hand, nondominant hand, and bimanual dexterity), executive functions (verbal and visuospatial working memory, inhibition, and shifting), and handwriting. Structural equation modeling of the relationship between these different variables indicated that in the third grade, the influence of fine motor skills on literacy is fully mediated by both executive functions and handwriting skills. These motor skills effects are observed for both low levels of processing (reading, spelling) and high levels of processing (reading comprehension, written production). The results are discussed in terms of the potential mechanisms underlying different literacy skills and their implications for pedagogical programs.
Using an artificial neural network to develop an optimal model of straight punch in boxing and training in punch techniques based on this model and real-time feedback
Authors: Khasanshin Ilshat , Osipov Aleksey
Published: November 2021

The work was aimed to develop an optimal model of a straight punch in boxing based on an artificial neural network (ANN) in the form of a multilayer perceptron, as well as to develop a technique for improving the technique of punches in boxing based on feedback, when each punch delivered by a boxer was compared with the optimal model. The architecture of the neural network optimal punch model included an input layer of 600 nodes—the values of absolute accelerations and angular velocities, four hidden ones, as well as a binary output layer (the best and not the best punch). To measure accelerations and angular velocities, inertial measuring devices were attached to the boxers’ wrists. Highly qualified participated in the data set for the development of the optimal model. The best punches were chosen according to the criteria of strength and speed. The punch force was determined using a boxing pad with the function of measuring the punch force. In order to be able to compare punches, a unified parameter was developed, called the punch quality, which is equal to the product of the effective force and the punch speed. To study the effects of biofeedback, the boxing pads were equipped with five LEDs. The more LEDs were turned on, the more the punch corresponded to the optimal model. As a result of the study, an almost linear relationship was found between the quality of the punch of entry-level boxers and the optimal model. The use of feedback allowed for an increase in the quality of punches from 11 to 25%, which is on average twice as high as in the group where the feedback method was not used. Studies have shown that it is possible to develop an optimal punch model. According to the degree of compliance with this model, you can evaluate and train boxers in the technique.
Acoustic wave response to groove arrays in model ears
Authors: Keeley Brian W. , Keeley Annika T. H.
Published: November 2021

Many mammals and some owls have parallel grooved structures associated with auditory structures that may be exploiting acoustic products generated by groove arrays. To test the hypothesis that morphological structures in the ear can manipulate acoustic information, we expose a series of similar-sized models with and without groove arrays to different sounds in identical conditions and compare their amplitude and frequency responses. We demonstrate how two different acoustic signals are uniquely influenced by the models. Depending on multiple factors (i.e., array characteristics, acoustic signal used, and distance from source) the presence of an array can increase the signal strength of select spectral components when compared to a model with no array. With few exceptions, the models with arrays increased the total amplitude of acoustic signals over that of the smooth model at all distances we tested up to 160 centimeters. We conclude that the ability to uniquely alter the signal based on an array’s characteristics is evolutionarily beneficial and supports the concept that different species have different array configurations associated with their biological needs.
Change in treatment burden among people with multimorbidity: Protocol of a follow up survey and development of efficient measurement tools for primary care
Authors: Hounkpatin Hilda O. , Roderick Paul , Morris James E. , Harris Scott , Watson Forbes , Dambha-Miller Hajira , Roberts Helen , Walsh Bronagh , Smith Dianna , Fraser Simon D. S. ,   on behalf of the ARC Wessex Treatment Burden Group
Published: November 2021

Background

Treatment burden is the effort required of patients to look after their health and the impact this has on their functioning and wellbeing. It is likely treatment burden changes over time as circumstances change for patients and health services. However, there are a lack of population-level studies of treatment burden change and factors associated with this change over time. Furthermore, there are currently no practical screening tools for treatment burden in time-pressured clinical settings or at population level.

Methods and analysis

This is a three-year follow-up of a cross-sectional survey of 723 people with multimorbidity (defined as three or more long-term conditions; LTCs) registered at GP practices in in Dorset, England. The survey will repeat collection of information on treatment burden (using the 10-item Multimorbidity Treatment Burden Questionnaire (MTBQ) and a novel single-item screening tool), sociodemographics, medications, LTCs, health literacy and financial resource, as at baseline. Descriptive statistics will be used to compare change in treatment burden since the baseline survey in 2019 and associations of treatment burden change will be assessed using regression methods. Diagnostic test accuracy metrics will be used to evaluate the single-item treatment burden screening tool using the MTBQ as the gold-standard. Routine primary care data (including demographics, medications, LTCs, and healthcare usage data) will be extracted from medical records for consenting participants. A forward-stepwise, likelihood-ratio logistic regression model building approach will be employed in order to assess the utility of routine data metrics in quantifying treatment burden in comparison to self-reported treatment burden using the MTBQ.

Impact

To the authors’ knowledge, this will be the first study investigating longitudinal aspects of treatment burden. Findings will improve understanding of the extent to which treatment burden changes over time for people with multimorbidity and factors contributing to this change, as well as allowing better identification of people at risk of high treatment burden.
Using allocative efficiency analysis to inform health benefits package design for progressing towards Universal Health Coverage: Proof-of-concept studies in countries seeking decision support
Authors: Fraser-Hurt Nicole , Hou Xiaohui , Wilkinson Thomas , Duran Denizhan , Abou Jaoude Gerard J. , Skordis Jolene , Chukwuma Adanna , Lao Pena Christine , Tshivuila Matala Opope O. , Gorgens Marelize , Wilson David P.
Published: November 2021

Background

Countries are increasingly defining health benefits packages (HBPs) as a way of progressing towards Universal Health Coverage (UHC). Resources for health are commonly constrained, so it is imperative to allocate funds as efficiently as possible. We conducted allocative efficiency analyses using the Health Interventions Prioritization tool (HIPtool) to estimate the cost and impact of potential HBPs in three countries. These analyses explore the usefulness of allocative efficiency analysis and HIPtool in particular, in contributing to priority setting discussions.

Methods and findings

HIPtool is an open-access and open-source allocative efficiency modelling tool. It is preloaded with publicly available data, including data on the 218 cost-effective interventions comprising the Essential UHC package identified in the 3rd Edition of Disease Control Priorities, and global burden of disease data from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. For these analyses, the data were adapted to the health systems of Armenia, Côte d’Ivoire and Zimbabwe. Local data replaced global data where possible. Optimized resource allocations were then estimated using the optimization algorithm. In Armenia, optimized spending on UHC interventions could avert 26% more disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), but even highly cost-effective interventions are not funded without an increase in the current health budget. In Côte d’Ivoire, surgical interventions, maternal and child health and health promotion interventions are scaled up under optimized spending with an estimated 22% increase in DALYs averted–mostly at the primary care level. In Zimbabwe, the estimated gain was even higher at 49% of additional DALYs averted through optimized spending.

Conclusions

HIPtool applications can assist discussions around spending prioritization, HBP design and primary health care transformation. The analyses provided actionable policy recommendations regarding spending allocations across specific delivery platforms, disease programs and interventions. Resource constraints exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic increase the need for formal planning of resource allocation to maximize health benefits.
Age-related changes of color visual acuity in normal eyes
Authors: Yokoyama Sho , Tanaka Yoshiki , Kojima Takashi , Horai Rie , Kato Yukihito , Nakamura Hideki , Sato Hiroyuki , Mitamura Mari , Tanaka Kiyoshi , Ichikawa Kazuo
Published: November 2021

Purpose

To evaluate the age-related change in color visual acuity (CVA) in normal eyes.

Methods

In total, 162 normal eyes (162 subjects, women: 52, men: 110, age range: 15–68 years) with best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) ≥20/13 were enrolled. Fifteen colors from the New Color Test (chroma 6) were applied to Landolt “C” rings, white point D65 was applied as background, and a luminance of 30 cd/m2 was set for both the rings and the background. These rings were used to measure the chromatic spatial discrimination acuity as the CVA value, while changing the stimulus size. Correlations of the CVA value of each color and age were evaluated. Mean CVA values of all 15 colors (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution) were compared between age groups in 10-year increments.

Results

Nine CVA values (red, yellow-red, red-yellow, green, blue-green, green-blue, purple, red-purple, and purple-red) were negatively correlated with age (all p<0.05); the remaining six (yellow, green-yellow, yellow-green, blue, purple-blue, and blue-purple), as well as BCVA were not. The age groups with the best to worst mean CVA values of 15 colors were as follows: 20–29 (mean ± standard deviation, 0.303 ± 0.113), 30–39 (0.324 ± 0.096), 10–19 (0.333 ± 0.022), 50–59 (0.335 ± 0.078), 40–49 (0.339 ± 0.096), and 60–69 (0.379 ± 0.125) years. There were statistically significant differences between mean CVA values of the following groups: 20–29 and 40–49 years; 20–29 and 60–69 years; 30–39 and 60–69 years (all p<0.01).

Conclusions

The CVA values related to the medium/long-wavelength-sensitive cones were more susceptible to aging than those related to the short-wavelength-sensitive cones. This differed from previous reports, and may be related to the difference in the range of foveal cone function evaluated with each examination.
Transparency in peer review: Exploring the content and tone of reviewers’ confidential comments to editors
Authors: O’Brien Bridget C. , Artino Anthony R. , Costello Joseph A. , Driessen Erik , Maggio Lauren A.
Published: November 2021

Purpose

Recent calls to improve transparency in peer review have prompted examination of many aspects of the peer-review process. Peer-review systems often allow confidential comments to editors that could reduce transparency to authors, yet this option has escaped scrutiny. Our study explores 1) how reviewers use the confidential comments section and 2) alignment between comments to the editor and comments to authors with respect to content and tone.

Methods

Our dataset included 358 reviews of 168 manuscripts submitted between January 1, 2019 and August 24, 2020 to a health professions education journal with a single blind review process. We first identified reviews containing comments to the editor. Then, for the reviews with comments, we used procedures consistent with conventional and directed qualitative content analysis to develop a coding scheme and code comments for content, tone, and section of the manuscript. For reviews in which the reviewer recommended “reject,” we coded for alignment between reviewers’ comments to the editor and to authors. We report descriptive statistics.

Results

49% of reviews contained comments to the editor (n = 176). Most of these comments summarized the reviewers’ impression of the article (85%), which included explicit reference to their recommended decision (44%) and suitability for the journal (10%). The majority of comments addressed argument quality (56%) or research design/methods/data (51%). The tone of comments tended to be critical (40%) or constructive (34%). For the 86 reviews recommending “reject,” the majority of comments to the editor contained content that also appeared in comments to the authors (80%); additional content tended to be irrelevant to the manuscript. Tone frequently aligned (91%).

Conclusion

Findings indicate variability in how reviewers use the confidential comments to editor section in online peer-review systems, though generally the way they use them suggests integrity and transparency to authors.
Sight Readings: Photographers and American Jazz, 1900-1960
Authors: Ainsworth Alan John
Published: November 2021

This book explores the work of a wide range of American photographers attracted to jazz during the period 1900–60. It includes discussions of jazz as a visual subject, its attraction to different types of photographers and offers analysis of why and how they approached the subject in the way they did. While some of these photographers are widely recognized for their work, many African American photojournalists, studio photographers, early twentieth-century émigrés, the Jewish exiles of the 1930s and vernacular snapshots are frequently overlooked. Drawing on ideas from contemporary photographic theory backed up by extensive archival research, this book allows the reader to explore and understand twentieth-century jazz photography in both an engaging and comprehensive fashion.
Teaching and learning during a pandemic: Implications for democratic citizenship education
Authors: Waghid Yusef
Published: November 2021

The assumption that teaching and learning can only manifest with face-to-face encounters and that virtual teaching and learning only occurs through digitization and technology is perhaps indefensible. Teaching‒learning does not happen only through physical encounters, and virtual teaching‒learning does not need relevant forms of technology. Teaching‒learning is an autonomous pedagogical act before it even transcends into acts of deliberative engagement. Unless teachers and students internalize forms of self-directed teaching and learning – that is, they learn what it means to act autonomously, teaching–learning in itself would not become the transformative space many teachers and students perhaps expect it to be.
Distance education as a space of possibility in pandemic-burdened societies
Authors: Mullen Carol A.
Published: November 2021

Before COVID-19, universal demand for distance education was increasing. During the pandemic, the virtual delivery of public education surged. In turbulent times, citizenship, teaching and learning can present a creative opportunity for fostering online development, high-quality interaction and academic progress. The purpose of this conceptual article is to imagine online learning as a space of possibility for learners in pandemic-burdened societies. The well-known community of inquiry (CoI) framework is described along with its elements of presence – cognitive, social and teaching. In particular, the cognitive element is illustrated with curricular examples attuned to citizenship education. Robust online CoIs allow people to collaborate in a social learning context through dialogue and critical reflection on pivotal issues. The CoI framework offers meaningful learning supported by each of its ‘presences’, which deepen reflection and propel success. Anchored in the CoI model, this original treatment is applicable in theory to participants of all ages.
Hong Kong under COVID-19: Active self-mobilization, freedom and responsibilities, and learnings
Authors: Chong Eric King-man
Published: November 2021

Hong Kong society became the site of active self-mobilization when there was a virus outbreak in early 2020. Hong Kong residents quickly adopted voluntary protective measures such as minimizing social contacts and buying personal protective equipment. After the presence of a new Coronavirus was confirmed, medical and health care workers went on strike in early February, clamouring for the Hong Kong SAR government to close border crossings with China. They feared the medical and health care system would not be able to bear the rising numbers of infection. The government responded with a pronouncement that the strike was endangering lives, and that a complete closure of border checkpoints was unfeasible. Generally, Hong Kong residents exercised self-protection and self-restraint, voluntarily choosing to stay home except to go to work or buy daily necessities. As a result, Hong Kong did not adopt a citywide lockdown. More people began to leave their homes when infection rates slowed, but this led to further waves of infection. The Hong Kong experience raises a number of questions about society that are relevant to education and citizenship. What are individuals’ responsibilities during a pandemic? Does a state of pandemic make it acceptable to limit freedom of movement and freedom of expression, and if so, how can this principle be applied in relation to the right to strike for the purpose of compelling the government to take stronger public health measures? Specific to education, how can young people be taught to follow safety advice amid the temptation to go outdoors for exercise under restrictive measures? There is a need for engaging students in social compassion and dialogues to face a persistent pandemic.
TRANSFORMATION OF INTERNAL ORGANIZATIONAL RATING OF LABOR IN THE CONDITIONS OF DIGITALIZATION
Authors: Anufrieva I. Yu.
Published: November 2021

The article is devoted to topical problems of labor rationing in organizations of the real sector of the economy. First, the author reveals the meaning and essence of labor rationing, gives a retrospective of approaches to labor rationing, clarifies the concept and content of intra-organizational labor rationing in modern conditions. Taking into account the possibilities of using modern information and communication technologies in the organization of labor rationing, due attention is not paid. In this regard, the leading organizations of various types of activities of the Altai Territory studied the features and modern problems of intra-organizational regulation of labor. The provision of the staff and the conditions for training specialists — work rate setters in organizations, the used normative reference books, the applied methods of work rate setting, assessed the quality level of the current labor standards. The author has systematized traditional and modern domestic and foreign methods of microelement rationing of labor. Based on the results of the study, the author presents specific recommendations for building a microelement regulatory framework for an organization in the context of digitalization. Among them deserve the greatest interest, according to the author, specific automated systems and programs for the rationing of labor, as well as the graphic-analytical method and the Gauss method.
SOCIAL AND LABOR RELATIONS — THE ESSENTIAL BASIS OF EMPLOYMENT INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Belyaev V. I. , Kuznecova O. V.
Published: November 2021

The category of employment is considered from the point of view of the theory that explains the essence of employment, and from the point of view of the practice of employment management, focused on creating the fundamental foundations for regulating the processes occurring in the labor markets. From a theoretical standpoint, employment is presented in the form of an element of a conceptual system that includes employment itself, unemployment, the labor market, which are in contradictory dialectical interactions among themselves, reflected in social and labor relations. From the point of view of practice, “employment”, “unemployment” and “labor market” are considered as a system of objects of managerial influences, interconnected in such a way that the impact on one of them causes changes in the content of other objects of the system. Such relationships are due to the emerging within the territorial entities social and labor relations. The article proposes to create employment institutions in the structure of territorial government, the methodological basis of which should be social and labor relations.
Spanish adaptation of the Ambivalent Classism Inventory (ACI)
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile, Sainz Mario ,   Centro de Estudios de Conflicto y Cohesión Social, Santiago, Chile, Lobato Roberto M. ,   Euro-Arab Foundation for Higher Studies, Granada, Spain, Jiménez-Moya Gloria ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile,   Centro de Estudios de Conflicto y Cohesión Social, Santiago, Chile
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Hostile and benevolent classism influence the derogation of poor people and groups, with negative consequences. The present study aims to adapt and validate the Ambivalent Classism Inventory (ACI) to obtain an adequate tool for expanding research on this topic among the Spanish-speaking population. Method: Toward this end, the researchers back-translated the ACI version originally developed for English speakers. Exploratory and confirmatory analyses verify the ACI’s reliability and factor structure with a sample of Mexican participants. Results: The results demonstrated that the adapted scale’s psychometric properties are acceptable. Its original and factor structure are similar to those of the original scale:hostile classism (12 items), protective paternalism (4 items), and complementary class differentiation (4 items). Furthermore, the study tests the convergent and divergent validity of the scale´s sub-dimensions concerning other ideological and socioeconomic variables. Conclusion:The proposed ACI adaptation should contribute to understanding attitudes toward the poor as well as their consequences among Spanish speakers.
Analisis Kebutuhan Untuk Mengembangkan Media Video Animasi Pada Materi Struktur Atom Dan Ikatan Kimia
Authors: Wijaya Wardah Ulyana
Published: November 2021

Pembelajaran kimia pada materi struktur atom dan ikatan kimia bersifat abstrak. Salah satu cara mengatasinya adalah dengan belajar menggunakan video animasi. Namun, pengembangan video animasi perlu menyesuaikan kebutuhan peserta didik sehingga dibutuhkan suatu analisis kebutuhan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis karakteristikvideo animasi pembelajaran kimia pada materi struktur atom dan ikatan kimia yang dibutuhkan oleh peserta didik di SMA/MA kota Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif. Partisipannya adalah peserta didik dan guru kimia di SMA/MA kota Yogyakarta. Teknik pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini berupa wawancara, Focus Group Discussion (FGD), dan angket penilaian contoh video animasi. Keabsahan data yang digunakan adalah Teknik triangulasi dan member check. Adapun Teknik analisis data penelitian untuk angket penilaian contoh video animasi menggunakan Teknik kategorisasi dengan cara mengkonversi data kuantitatif ke data kualitatif, sementara hasil wawancara dan FGD menggunakan metode Miles dan Huberman yang berupa reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik media video animasi materi struktur atom dan ikatan kimia yang baik mencakup aspek musik, suara, narasi, animasi, warna, tulisan, dan penyajian. Video animasi diberikan banyak contoh kasus terjadinya ikatan dan bentuk ,molekul, animasi elektron tampak bergerak, elektron dari atom yang berbeda diberikan pembeda berupa beda symbol atau beda warna dan masing-masing atom yang berikatan diberikan identitas nama atom.
Pengembangan Buku Petunjuk Praktikum Kimia Ramah Buta Warna Untuk Materi Asam-Basa
Authors: Khofifah Anisa Nur
Published: November 2021

Perubahan warna merupakan salah satu fenomena yang menandai terjadinya reaksi kimia. Oleh karena itu, kemampuan mengidentifikasi perubahan warna menjadi bagian penting dalam praktikum kimia. Meskipun demikian, hal ini seharusnya tidak menjadi penghalang bagi penyandang buta warna untuk belajar dan memilih karir di bidang-bidang yang terkait dengan kimia. Persoalan muncul karena selama ini praktikum kimia secara umum belum didesain ramah bagi penyandang buta warna. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan (R&D) yang bertujuan untuk mengembangkan buku petunjuk praktikum kimia ramah buta warna untuk materi asam-basa serta mengetahui kualitas produk yang dikembangkan berdasarkan penilaian ahli materi dan ahli media serta mengetahui dan mengkaji respon guru kimia SMA/MA, peserta didik kelas XI, dan penyandang buta warna. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan model pengembangan 4-D yang terdiri atas 4 tahap, yaitu define, design, develop, dan disseminate. Penelitian ini dibatasi sampai tahap ketiga atau develop. Produk yang dikembangkan ditinjau oleh dosen pembimbing dan peer reviewer untuk diberikan saran perbaikan, kemudian dinilaikan kepada dosen ahli media dan dosen ahli materi sekaligus memberikan saran perbaikan, untuk kemudian direspon oleh guru kimia SMA/MA, peserta didik kelas XI, dan produk juga direspon oleh penyandang buta warna. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan penilaian ahli materi, buku petunjuk praktikum kimia ramah buta warna untuk materi asam-basa yang dikembangkan mendapatkan skor 24 dari skor maksimal 24, dengan persentase keidealan 100% sehingga dikategorikan Sangat Baik (SB). Penilaian oleh ahli media mendapatkan skor 21 dari skor maksimal 23 dengan persentase keidealan 91,3% sehingga dikategorikan Sangat Baik (SB). Adapun hasil respon dari guru kimia mendapatkan skor 81 dari skor maksimal 90, dengan persentase keidealan 90% sehingga masuk kategori Sangat Baik (SB), berdasarkan respon peserta didik kelas XI diperoleh skor 53,4 dari skor maksimal 65 dengan persentase keidealan 82,2% sehingga masuk kategori Baik (B), dan berdasarkan respon pengguna dari penyandang buta warna mendapatkan skor 58,5 dari skor maksimal 65 dengan persentase keidealan 90% sehingga dikategorikan Sangat Baik (SB).
Efektivitas Model Pembelajaran Treffinger Dengan Creative Exercise Terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Peserta Didik
Authors: Widaddari Dearisma Sekar , Zamhari Muhammad
Published: November 2021

Model pembelajaran yang dapat mengukur berpikir kreatif peserta didik masih sedikit ditemui, maka dari itu dalam penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh model pembelajaran Treffinger dengan Creative Exercise terhadap kemampuan berpikir kreatif peserta didik secara kognitif dan afektif serta untuk mengetahui efektivitas model tersebut pada pembelajaran materi larutan penyangga. Penelitian dilakukan di SMAN 1 Sleman kelas XI MIPA semester genap tahun ajaran 2019/2020. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kuasi eksperimen dengan desain noneqivalent control group design. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk mengukur kogniti peserta didik yaitu tes tentang larutan penyangga yang terdiri dari pretest dan postest, sedangkan afektifnya menggunakan self assessment berbentuk angket skala sikap berpikir kreatif, lembar observasi, dab lembar respon peserta didik. Teknik analisis efektivitas model pembelajaran Treffinger dengan uji N-Gain. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh model pembelajaran Treffinger terhadap kemampuan berpikir kreatif peserta didik, baik secara kognitif maupun afektif. Hasil ini dibuktikan dengan diperoleh nilai sig. (2-tailed) < 0.05 pada uji statistika kemampuan berpikir kreatif secara kognitif dan afektif berturut-turut sebesar 0.002 dan 0.034. Selain ituhasil uji N-Gain diperoleh sebesar 89.94% yang artinya model pembelajaran Treffinger dengan Creative Exercise efektif diterapkan pada pembelajaran kimia. Dengan demikian, penggunaan model pembelajaran Treffinger dengan Creatif Exercise mampu meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kreatif peserta didik pada pembelajara kimia.
Pengembangan Modul Ikatan Kimia Berbasis Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) Melalui Metode Eksperimen
Authors: Takim Rani Riyas
Published: November 2021

Penelitian yang dilakukan untuk mengembangkan modul pembelajaran dengan metode eksperimen yang dikaitkan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari menggunakan pendekatan Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan modul ikatan kimia berbasis Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) melalui metode eksperimen dan menganalisis kualitas modul ikatan kimia berbasis Contextual Teaching and Learning melalui metode eksperimen berdasarkan penilaian ahli materi, ahli media, pendidik kimia SMA/MA (reviewer) serta respon peserta didik terhadap modul ikatan kimia. Model pengembangan produk yang digunakan mengadaptasi model 4D (Define, Design, Development, dan Disseminate), namun tahap disseminate tidak dilakukan. Produk modul pembelajaran ini divalidasi oleh dosen pembimbing, satu dosen ahli materi, satu dosen ahli media, serta tiga peer review. Kualitas produk dinilai oleh satu dosen ahli materi, satu dosen ahli media, tiga pendidik kimia (reviewer), dan direspon oleh sepuluh peserta didik SMA/MA. Instrumen yang digunakan yaitu instrumen kualitas penilaian produk berupa skala Likert dan respon peserta didik berupa skala Guttman yang terdiri dari tujuh aspek yaitu kelayakan isi/materi, komponen kebahasaan, metode eksperimen kimia, pendekatan kontekstual (CTL), penyajian, kegrafikan, dan karakteristik modul. Hasil produk modul pembelajaran yang dikembangkan menggunakan pendekatan Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) yaitu berupa pengaitan materi dan eksperimen kimia yang terdapat dalam modul dengan kehidupan sehari-hari. Modul diharapkan dapat menumbuhkan kreativitas serta dapat dijadikan sumber belajar mandiri peserta didik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengembangan modul ikatan kimia berbasis Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) melalui metode eksperimen dari ahli materi mendapat kategori Baik (B) dengan persentase 80%. Penilaian ahli media mendapat kategori Baik (B) dengan persentase 84%. Penilaian tiga reviewer (pendidik kimia) mendapatkan kategori Sangat Baik (SB) dengan persentase 85,20%. Serta menurut respon sepuluh peserta didik mendapatkan kategori Sangat Baik (SB) dengan persentase 93%.
Pengembangan Komik Edukasi Kimia “KEMBAR” Berbasis Kearifan Lokal Yogyakarta
Authors: Pelawati Agustina Nevy
Published: November 2021

Adanya gap budaya/ cultural gap antar generasi memungkinkan musnahnya warisan pengetahuan dari generasi terdahulu sehngga diperlukan sebuah media yang dapat digunakan untuk menyimpan dan mendesiminasikan warisan pengetahuan dan kearifan lokal. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan sebuah media berbagi pengetahuan (sharing knowledge) dalam bentuk komik edukasi kimia yang memuat konten kearifan lokal seni budaya dan kuliner Yogyakarta dikemas dengan komik yang bertemakan wayang. Penelitian ini menggunakan model pengembangan Borg & Gall yang meliputi lima tahapan, yaitu tahap penelitian dan pengumpulan data; tahap perencanaan; tahap pengembangan; tahap uji coba awal; dan tahap revisi produk. Produk komik edukasi kimia berbasis kearifan lokal ini ditinjau oleh satu dosen ahli media, satu dosen ahli materi, empat reviewer (guru kimia SMA/MA), dan tiga peer reviewer. Penilaian produk dilakukan menggunakan instrumen penilaian kualitas berupa angket skala Likert dan respon masyarakat menggunakan angket skala Guttman. Hasil penelitian pengembangan berupa media edukasi komik kimia berbasis kearifan lokal Yogyakarta yaitu media berisikan cover, pengenalan tokoh, dan isi cerita komik kimia. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian media edukasi komik kimia berbasis kearifan lokal Yogyakarta menurut empat guru kimia SMA/MA memiliki kualitas Sangat Baik (SB) dengan persentase keidealan sebesar 84,05%, sedangkan respon yang dihasilkan menurut lima belas responden yang merupakan masyarakat Yogyakarta dengan rentang usia 15-30 tahun memberikan respon baik dengan persentase keidealan sebesar 94,95% terhadao komik edukasi kimia berbasis kearifan lokal Yogyakarta “KEMBAR”.
Uma reflexão sobre o uso da tomografia computadorizada em Endodontia
Authors: Duarte Marco Antônio Húngaro , Vivan Rodrigo Ricci
Published: November 2021

Será o exame de tomografia computadorizada realmente de alto custo para o paciente, ou existe uma resistência por grande parte dos profissionais em indicá-lo? Paradigmas já foram quebrados com relação à dose de radiação. Ela é tão pequena que, em muitas universidades nos EUA, o paciente não utiliza avental de chumbo durante o exame. Isso se dá porque o exame usado para Endodontia tem algumas diferenças em relação à tomografia médica.
Molhabilidade de um cimento endodôntico à base de resina epóxi na dentina tratada com diferentes protocolos de quelação
Authors: Magno Marcela Baraúna , Prado Maíra do , Simão Renata A. , Medeiros Kawanne Ferreira Moraes , Rodrigues Patricia de Almeida , Pessoa Oscar Faciola
Published: November 2021

Objetivo: Avaliar a molhabilidade do cimento AH Plus em contato com a dentina radicular após diferentes protocolos quelantes envolvendo ácido etidrônico (HEBP) e o EDTA. Métodos: Cinquenta e seis fatias de dentina radicular foram utilizadas e irrigadas com 5.25% de hipoclorito de sódio (NaOCl) ou com uma mistura de 5.25%NaOCl/18%HEBP para simular a irrigação durante o preparo químico-mecânico. As amostras irrigadas com NaOCl foram divididas em 5 grupos, de acordo com o agente quelante: G1- água destilada (AD); G2-17%EDTA; G3-17%EDTA+2.5%NaOCl; G4-18%HEBP; e G5-18%HEBP+2.5%NaOCl. As amostras irrigadas com a mistura de NaOCl/HEBP foram dividias em 2 grupos: G6-AD; G7-NaOCl/HEBP+2.5%- NaOCl. Todos os protocolos receberam irrigação de AD entre as substâncias irrigadoras e como lavagem final. O goniômetro Rame-Hart foi utilizado para mesurar o ângulo de contato entre a superfície da dentina radicular e o cimento. O teste estatístico Kruskal-Wallis e Dunn foram aplicados (p<0.05). Resultados: Os grupos onde a smear layer foi removida apresentaram menor ângulo de contato (p<0.05), com exceção do G7. O G6 apresentou o menor ângulo de contato do AH Plus, entretanto, a irrigação final com NaOCl (G7) aumentou significativamente o ângulo de contato. G2 e G4 apresentaram comportamento similar e a irrigação final com NaOCL (G3 e G4) não modificou a molhabilidade da dentina. Conclusão: O tratamento da dentina radicular com a mistura NaOCl/HEBP, quando usada como irrigante, conferiu boa molhabilidade desta superfície ao cimento AH Plus.
Avaliação do escurecimento dentinário causado por cimentos obturadores endodônticos em função do uso de agitação ultrassônica
Authors: Gonçalves Natacha Bernardes , Luna-Cruz Suyane M. , Pinheiro-Júnior Elilton Cavalcante , Gomes Nilton Vivacqua , Vasconcelos Bruno Carvalho de
Published: November 2021

Introdução: A descoloração da estrutura dentária representa um grande problema estético e uma das razões mais comuns pelas quais os pacientes vão ao cirurgião-dentista. Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a descoloração dentinária causada pelo emprego dos cimentos obturadores endodônticos AH Plus, MTA Fillapex, Pulp Ca- nal Sealer EWT e Sealer Plus; além de avaliar a influência do uso da agitação ultrassônica (AUS). Métodos: Oitenta blocos de dentes bovinos foram confeccionados e tiveram cavidades circulares preparadas em suas faces palatinas, deixando remanescente de 2,0mm de espessura. Em seguida, os blocos foram randomicamente divididos em função do cimento utilizado e do uso ou não da AUS (n=10). A cor foi mensurada por meio de um espectrofotômetro após a inserção dos cimentos e restauração das cavidades, nos tempos: imediatamente após a inserção dos cimentos (T0 ), após 7 dias (T1 ) e após 180 dias (T2 ). Resultados: Observou-se alteração de cor clinicamente perceptível (ΔE>3,7) causada pelos quatro cimentos obturadores, tanto após 7 dias quanto após 180 dias. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os grupos nos dois tempos (p>0,05). Conclusões: Pôde-se concluir que os cimentos analisados causaram escurecimento dentinário clinicamente perceptível já após 7 dias, o qual perdurou por todo o período da análise; ainda, que a agitação ultrassônica não interferiu significativamente na ΔE, não influenciando na descoloração dentinária causada pelos cimentos testados.
Alargamento do forame como complemento no tratamento endodôntico para regeneração de uma lesão periapical extensa: relato de caso
Authors: Dufey Nicolás Armando , Peña-Bengoa Fernando , Melendez Patricio , Kato Augusto Shoji
Published: November 2021

Introdução: O alargamento do forame refere-se ao alargamento mecânico intencional do forame para reduzir a carga bacteriana em uma área afetada frequentemente por infecções endodônticas além do limite da constrição apical. Objetivo: O objetivo do presente relato de caso é apresentar a técnica de alargamento do forame de um dente com lesão periapical extensa, como complemento do tratamento endodôntico e alternativa precoce à microcirurgia periapical. Métodos: É apresentado o caso de um incisivo lateral superior endodonticamente tratado, com uma extensa lesão periapical associada. Devido à história clínica e radiográfica, tempo decorrido desde o tratamento endodôntico inicial e alta probabilidade de áreas de reabsorção apical com biofilme extrarradicular, o retratamento endodôntico com alargamento do forame foi indicado como primeira opção, adiando a indicação de cirurgia endodôntica de acordo com a evolução. Resultados: Na avaliação de acompanhamento de dois anos, por exame de imagem, observou-se evolução clínica favorável ao retratamento, com aumento total da densidade óssea. O procedimento cirúrgico endodôntico complementar foi descartado. Conclusão: O alargamento do forame é uma alternativa complementar viável em casos de periodontite apical de longa duração com suspeita de biofilme no nível do forame. Pode ser considerado uma opção antes da indicação de retratamento endodôntico cirúrgico.
Crianças investigam para aprender ciências: uma experiência de aprendizagem na educação pré-escolar
Authors: Varela Paulo , Alves Elisabete
Published: November 2021

Este artigo descreve e analisa o processo de exploração de uma atividade de investigação sobre a influência da luz e da humidade no comportamento das minhocas, promovido num grupo de crianças da educação pré-escolar, no âmbito de um projeto de intervenção pedagógica supervisionada. Através da análise do processo, que incide no diário da atividade, elaborado na sequência da observação participante, caracteriza-se o conhecimento espontâneo das crianças sobre as minhocas, identificam-se os processos científicos promovidos para investigarem a influência da luz e da humidade no comportamento das minhocas e avaliam-se as aprendizagens realizadas pelas crianças. A análise sugere que as crianças destas idades são capazes de assumir uma “atitude científica e investigativa” na procura do saber, quando devidamente estimuladas pela ação do educador e envolvidas em experiências de aprendizagem interessantes e desafiadoras.