bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Functionalized Oligoaryloxycyclotriphosphazenes and Noncombustible Binders Based on Them
Authors: Bilichenko Yu. V. , Thuan Pham Van , Borisov R. S. , Kolenchenko A. A. , Kireev V. V.
Published: April 2024

Carboxyl-containing aryloxycyclotriphosphazene (I) has been used for curing the ED-20 epoxy resin or a phosphazene-containing epoxy oligomer. In the case of ED-20, curing occurs in the range of 125‒220°C and is accompanied by an exothermic effect that increases from 26 to 50 J/g with an increase in the amount of aryloxycyclotriphosphazene (I) from 25 to 50%. The curing of the phosphazene-containing epoxy oligomer occurs in the temperature range of 140–240°C and is accompanied by an endothermic effect (−ΔH = 6.5–6.8 J/g). Cured compositions based on ED-20 + I are self-extinguishing (flammability class V‑1 according to UL-94), and phosphazene-containing epoxy oligomer + I compositions are noncombustible (class V-0 according to UL-94) regardless of the ratio of the initial components.
New Fluorescent Materials Based on Polysiloxanes and Boron Bis(β-diketonates)
Authors: Kim E. E. , Il’ina T. M. , Kononevich Yu. N. , Ionov D. S. , Khanin D. A. , Nikiforova G. G. , Muzafarov A. M.
Published: April 2024

Crosslinked polysiloxanes with boron bis(dibenzoylmethanate) complexes used as crosslink junctions of polymer networks are first synthesized, and their physicochemical, mechanical, thermal, and fluorescent properties are studied. It is shown that the polymers under study feature the elastic behavior, possess high thermal and thermo-oxidative stability, and exhibit intense fluorescence in a wide wavelength range (400‒700 nm).
Polymetalorganosiloxanes as a Reflection of the Milestones in the Development of Advanced Technologies in the Chemistry of Silicones
Authors: Serenko O. A.
Published: April 2024

This review analyzes the areas of practical application of oligomeric and polymeric organometal siloxanes as reduced fire risk coatings, antifriction and heat-resistant coatings, materials with high refractive index, and protective coatings for space equipment as well as functional branched oligomers as the most universal organometal siloxane synthons for diverse use.
Non-Isocyanate Poly(Siloxane-Urethanes) Based on Oligodimethylsiloxanes Containing Aminopropyl and Ethoxy Substituents
Authors: Trankina E. S. , Kazantseva A. Yu. , Khanin D. A. , Lyubimov S. E. , Kononova E. G. , Andropova Yu. S. , Muzafarov A. M.
Published: April 2024

Environmentally friendly method for the synthesis of crosslinked poly(siloxane-urethanes) avoiding the use of toxic isocyanates has been presented. The synthesis has been performed in two stages: at the first stage, non-isocyanate poly(siloxane-urethanes) have been synthesized via aminolysis of cyclocarbonates (differing in the structure and functionality) with oligomer dimethylsiloxanes bearing aminopropyl and ethoxy substituents, and crosslinked non-isocyanate poly(siloxane-urethanes) have been obtained via hydrolysis of the ethoxy groups with air moisture. According to the TGA data, processes of thermooxidative decomposition of the non-isocyanate poly(siloxane-urethanes) begin at 240‒260°C, depending on the structure of the organic block. Structural organization of the films has been investigated and glass transition temperature of two blocks (flexible siloxane and rigid urethane ones) has been determined by means of DSC and TMA. Surface of the film samples of non-isocyanate poly(siloxane-urethanes) has been assessed by means of scanning electron microscopy.
ФІЗИЧНА АКТИВНІСТЬ ЯК ВИКЛИК СУЧАСНОСТІ - ВИБРАНІ ПИТАННЯ
Authors: ДЕБСКІ Славомір Станіслав , ТОМПОРОВСЬКА Йоланта , АНТОНЮК Олександр , РУДНІЧЕНКО Микола , СІРИЙ Вадим
Published: April 2024

В онтологічному сенсі модерн - це спосіб існування когось або чогось. Модерн у праксеологічному сенсі - це галузь наукових досліджень, яка займається методами всіх цілеспрямованих людських дій. Модерн в аксіологічному сенсі - це наука про цінності. Якщо фізична активність піддається поглибленому дослідженню та аналізу, то в онтологічному сенсі, як наслідок потреб, вона характеризується чітким дуалізмом. З одного боку, фізична активність покращує фізичну форму людини і зміцнює організм, а з іншого - викликає ріст і регенерацію нейронів, що покращує інтелектуальні процеси, тобто сприйняття людини. Тільки поєднання фізичної активності та навчання може дати очікувані освітні результати на будь-якому рівні освіти. З прагматичної точки зору, чітко визначеною метою фізичної активності є спортивний результат окремої людини або команди. Це часто призводить до використання тренувальних методів або допомоги зовнішніми засобами, тобто хімічними речовинами, а також медичними та харчовими продуктами, які використовують біологічні форми, наприклад, переливання крові. Наслідки такі: з аксіологічної точки зору, фізична активність спрямовує дії на виключення всіх інших цінностей, окрім успіху. Успіх створює реальність, породжується міждисциплінарними питаннями з можливістю порушення здоров'я людини в ім'я ідеї перемоги понад усе. Такий успіх може призвести до дегуманізації спорту та дегуманізації людини. Поняття гуманізму та чесної гри поступово втрачається. Вищезазначені питання формують основу дослідження, яке стає дослідницьким викликом.
Titanium/FRP hybrid sandwich: in-plane flexural behaviour of short beam specimens
Authors: Bellini Costanzo , Borrelli Rosario , Di Cocco Vittorio , Franchitti Stefania , Iacoviello Francesco , Mocanu Larisa Patricia , Sorrentino Luca
Published: April 2024

Adopting novel sandwich structures with FRP (Fibre Reinforced Polymer) skins and a metallic lattice core, both of which have high specific strength and stiffness, is one way to achieve better mechanical performance while remaining lightweight. Flexural stress is a load pattern that frequently occurs in the structural frame components of automobiles; nonetheless, while the in-plane load scheme has scarcely been examined, the out-of-plane load one has. As a result, the former configuration received consideration in this work. Moreover, short beam specimens were taken into account. The mechanical response of specimens with three different kinds of composite materials as skin material was analysed. The skins were made of CFRP (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer), with two different weaving styles, and AFRP (Aramid Fiber Reinforced Polymer). All-titanium specimens were studied, too. Similar maximum loads and maximum displacement at break were recorded for both CFRP and AFRP specimens, while the all-titanium one resulted stronger. In terms of the load-displacement curves, the first section featured an initial linear phase, followed by a minor load drop, likely attributed to the breakage of fibres. The CFRP specimens showed a sharp fracture of the skin fibres, while for the AFRP, a fraying was observed.
Unveiling New Strategies Facilitating the Implementation of Artificial Intelligence in Neuroimaging for the Early Detection of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Etekochay Maudlyn O. , Amaravadhi Amoolya Rao , González Gabriel Villarrubia , Atanasov Atanas G. , Matin Maima , Mofatteh Mohammad , Steinbusch Harry Wilhelm , Tesfaye Tadele , Praticò Domenico
Published: April 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder with a global impact. The past few decades have witnessed significant strides in comprehending the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and developing diagnostic methodologies for AD, such as neuroimaging approaches. Neuroimaging techniques, including positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, have revolutionized the field by providing valuable insights into the structural and functional alterations in the brains of individuals with AD. These imaging modalities enable the detection of early biomarkers such as amyloid-β plaques and tau protein tangles, facilitating early and precise diagnosis. Furthermore, the emerging technologies encompassing blood-based biomarkers and neurochemical profiling exhibit promising results in the identification of specific molecular signatures for AD. The integration of machine learning algorithms and artificial intelligence has enhanced the predictive capacity of these diagnostic tools when analyzing complex datasets. In this review article, we will highlight not only some of the most used diagnostic imaging approaches in neurodegeneration research but focus much more on new tools like artificial intelligence, emphasizing their application in the realm of AD. These advancements hold immense potential for early detection and intervention, thereby paving the way for personalized therapeutic strategies and ultimately augmenting the quality of life for individuals affected by AD.
Eye Tracking During Visual Paired-Comparison Tasks: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Diagnostic Test Accuracy for Detecting Cognitive Decline
Authors: Boujelbane Mohamed Ali , Trabelsi Khaled , Salem Atef , Ammar Achraf , Glenn Jordan M. , Boukhris Omar , AlRashid Maha M. , Jahrami Haitham , Chtourou Hamdi
Published: April 2024

Background: Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) progress silently, making early diagnosis challenging, especially in less educated populations. The visual paired comparison (VPC) task, utilizing eye-tracking movement (ETM) technology, offers a promising alternative for early detection of memory decline. Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy of the VPC task, utilizing ETM as a tool for assessing age-related cognitive changes. Methods: A comprehensive search across five databases and grey literature focused on healthy and impaired memory participants assessed through the ETM-based VPC task. The primary outcomes were novelty preference scores and eye movement metrics. The risk of bias of the included studies was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 (QUADAS-2). Random-effects meta-analyses calculated Hedges’ g effect size. Sensitivity and specificity of the VPC were meta-analytically pooled. Results: The systematic review included 12 articles, involving 1,022 participants (aged 18 to 90 years, with education ranging from 6.5 to 20.0 years), with a low risk of bias and minimal applicability concerns across all items. Five studies contributed to the meta-analysis, revealing a significant effect favoring the VPC task for recognition memory detection (k = 9, g = –1.03). Pooled sensitivity and specificity analyses demonstrated VPC effectiveness as a recognition memory assessment tool (0.84 and 0.75, respectively). Conclusions: The VPC task, utilizing ETM, may serve as a biomarker for early memory decline detection. Its use as a digital eye-tracking tool presents a possible alternative to traditional tests, warranting further research for application in neurodegenerative disease diagnosis.
Automated diagnosis of acute cerebral ischemic stroke lesions from diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance images in assessment with modified Rankin Scale
Authors: Geetha R. , Priya E. , Sivakumar Kavitha
Published: April 2024

Purpose: Automated diagnosis of acute cerebral ischemic stroke lesions (ACISL) is an evolving science. Early detection and exact delineation of ACISL automatically from diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance (DWMR) images are crucial for initiating prompt treatment. Thus, this work aims to determine the appropriate slice out of 60 pieces using multi-fractal analysis (MFA) and to segment the lesions in DWMR images using a hybrid optimization method. Features extracted from the segmented images were clinically correlated with the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Methods: Thirty-one real-time stroke patients’ images were collected from Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital, Chennai, India. Multiple MRI slices were taken from each patient and filtered using an anisotropic diffusion filter (ADF). These filtered images were skull-stripped automatically by the maximum entropy thresholding technique incorporating mathematical morphological operations (MEM). The multi-fractal analysis (MFA) identifies the prominent slice with the significant infarct lesion. An isodata algorithm that integrated differential evolution with the particle swarm optimization method based on Kapur’s (IDPK) and Otsu’s (IDPO) approaches was attempted to segment the ACISL. Finally, the geometric and moment features extracted from the segmented lesions categorized the stroke severity and were correlated with the mRS. Results: The findings of the experimental work confirm that the suggested IDPK approach achieved usual normalized values for image similarity indices such as Sokal-Michener Coefficient (98.51%), Roger-Tanimoto Coefficient (90.16%), Sokel-Sneath-2 (91.04%), and Sorenson Index (90.04%) are superior to IDPO. Statistical significance proved that the segmented lesions’ area (r = 0.820, p <  0.0001) and perimeter (r = 0.928, p <  0.0001) were strongly correlated with the mild and moderate criteria of mRS. Conclusion: The proposed work effectively detected ischemic stroke lesions and their severity within the studied image groups. It could be a promising and potential tool to aid radiologists in validating their diagnosis.
RETRACTED: Basic concepts of complete residuated lattice-valued fuzzy mathematical morphology
Authors: Han Xinyue , Yao Wei
Published: April 2024

This article has been retracted. A retraction notice can be found at https://doi.org/10.3233/JIFS-219433.
Identifying New Subtypes of Multiple System Atrophy Using Cluster Analysis
Authors: Li Xiaobing , Bai Jing , Guo Xin , Mu Yaqian , Di Zhengli , Zhang Gejuan , Wang Bo , Zhang Yun , Liu Xinyao , Shi Yan , Lin Shinuan , Wu Linyu , Bai Ya , Liu Xuedong
Published: April 2024

Background:

Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a disease with diverse symptoms and the commonly used classifications, MSA-P and MSA-C, do not cover all the different symptoms seen in MSA patients. Additionally, these classifications do not provide information about how the disease progresses over time or the expected outcome for patients.

Objective:

To explore clinical subtypes of MSA with a natural disease course through a data-driven approach to assist in the diagnosis and treatment of MSA.

Methods:

We followed 122 cases of MSA collected from 3 hospitals for 3 years. Demographic characteristics, age of onset, clinical signs, scale assessment scores, and auxiliary examination were collected. Age at onset; time from onset to assisted ambulation; and UMSARS I, II, and IV, COMPASS-31, ICARS, and UPDRS III scores were selected as clustering elements. K-means, partitioning around medoids, and self-organizing maps were used to analyze the clusters.

Results:

The results of all three clustering methods supported the classification of three MSA subtypes: The aggressive progression subtype (MSA-AP), characterized by mid-to-late onset, rapid progression and severe clinical symptoms; the typical subtype (MSA-T), characterized by mid-to-late onset, moderate progression and moderate severity of clinical symptoms; and the early-onset slow progression subtype (MSA-ESP), characterized by early-to-mid onset, slow progression and mild clinical symptoms.

Conclusions:

We divided MSA into three subtypes and summarized the characteristics of each subtype. According to the clustering results, MSA patients were divided into three completely different types according to the severity of symptoms, the speed of disease progression, and the age of onset.
Parkinson’s Disease Risk Variant rs9638616 is Non-Specifically Associated with Altered Brain Structure and Function
Authors: Welton Thomas , Teo Thomas Wei Jun , Chan Ling Ling , Tan Eng-King , Tan Louis Chew Seng
Published: April 2024

Background:

A genome-wide association study (GWAS) variant associated with Parkinson’s disease (PD) risk in Asians, rs9638616, was recently reported, and maps to WBSCR17/GALNT17, which is involved in synaptic transmission and neurite development.

Objective:

To test the association of the rs9638616 T allele with imaging-derived measures of brain microstructure and function.

Methods:

We analyzed 3-Tesla MRI and genotyping data from 116 early PD patients (aged 66.8±9.0 years; 39% female; disease duration 1.25±0.71 years) and 57 controls (aged 68.7±7.4 years; 54% female), of Chinese ethnicity. We performed voxelwise analyses for imaging-genetic association of rs9638616 T allele with white matter tract fractional anisotropy (FA), grey matter volume and resting-state network functional connectivity.

Results:

The rs9638616 T allele was associated with widespread lower white matter FA (t = –1.75, p = 0.042) and lower functional connectivity of the supplementary motor area (SMA) (t = –5.05, p = 0.001), in both PD and control groups. Interaction analysis comparing the association of rs9638616 and FA between PD and controls was non-significant. These imaging-derived phenotypes mediated the association of rs9638616 to digit span (indirect effect: β= –0.21 [–0.42,–0.05], p = 0.031) and motor severity (indirect effect: β= 0.15 [0.04,0.26], p = 0.045).

Conclusions:

We have shown that a novel GWAS variant which is biologically linked to synaptic transmission is associated with white matter tract and functional connectivity dysfunction in the SMA, supported by changes in clinical motor scores. This provides pathophysiologic clues linking rs9638616 to PD risk and might contribute to future risk stratification models.
Book 1. Startup projects and their scientific and technical support.
Authors: Shishlyannikov Oleg
Published: April 2024

Часть 1 – Особенности организации , проведения и контроля инновационных работ в условиях стартапа и в технологическом инкубаторе; Использование ТРИЗ и АРИЗ и их старых и новых методов и приёмов достижения идеального конечного результата
Integration modules for electronic systems
Authors:   ООО ТайпЭр Интергрупп Россия, Golovacheva Larissa
Published: April 2024

As the innovative practice of recent years has shown, one of the main issues and problems of complex smart electronic devices, especially those including laser diodes, is the issue of reliable and efficient cooling In order to eliminate energy losses and increase the output of effective energy, especially in various lighting systems, an active search is being carried out for integrative technical solutions that allow, without the use of additional structural elements and additional energy costs for cooling, In parallel, we are searching for and developing technical solutions that make it possible, with the most concise and simple design, to increase the output light power of lighting devices with a relatively low power and, accordingly, low energy consumption.
Raising Adaptive Capacity to Climate Change in the Energy and Food Sectors of Egypt
Authors: Al-Gamal Samir
Published: April 2024

Climate change will likely impact food security globally, regionally, and locally. Climate change can disrupt food availability, reduce access to food, and affect food quality. Accordingly, the impacts of climate change on the agricultural sector reflect food security and pose a serious threat to sustainable development. Furthermore, the total energy demand of Egypt is marked by an exponential growth of electricity demand, at a pace much faster than that of GDP, primary energy consumption, and population mainly due to a doubling up of the consumption of Egypt. The expected development of the industrial sector, the accelerated access to electricity, and the improvement of standards of living (directly connected with the consumption of the residential sector) are the reasons for these consumption upsurges. The different components of climatic change such as projected increases in temperatures, changes in precipitation patterns, changes in extreme weather events, and reductions in water availability may all result in reduced agricultural productivity and may cause energy consumption upsurges. The main problem with climatic change and climatic variability in all parts of the Mediterranean Basin is that systematic climate observation programs are, at present, inadequate to permit reliable assessment, quantification, and prediction of climatic conditions and their impacts. More accurate assessments of regional climate variability and change and their related environmental and socio-economic impacts are highly needed.
H Hepatoprotective Activity of Piper crocatum (Ruiz &Pav.) Leaves Against Monosodium Glutamate -Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats
Authors: Rahayu Sri Endarti , Kharisma Bayu , Suprihatin Suprihatin
Published: April 2024

Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is widely used as additive in food. Excess consumption of MSG was reported to cause oxidative stress on liver resulted increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Without proper treatment, it can induce liver injury and fatal hepatic diseases, including cirrhosis. Red betel (Piper crocatum Ruis and Pav.) is one of Indonesia’s medicinal plants that has been known to exhibit antioxidant activity. The current study evaluated hepatoprotective effect of red betel leaves extract (RBLE) towards liver injury.  Animals (n=5 per group) were randomly divided into five groups as follows: Group 1, control (distilled water); group 2, negative control, receive 7 mg/kg bw of MSG; group 3, receive oral 7g/kg b.w of MSG plus 200 mg/kg bw RBLE; group 4, receive oral 7g/kg b.w of MSG plus 400 mg/kg b.w RBLE and group 5, receive oral 7g/kg b.w of MSG plus 600 mg/kg b.w RBLE. The rats were sacrificed on twenty-ninth day of the experiment. Measuring serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanin aminotransferase (ALT) was done. Histopathological examination of liver was performed by calculated necrosis cell percentage.  RBLE treatment (200 mg/kg b.w) decrease alanin aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase demonstrated increased compare to negative control. The histological findings revealed RBLE treatment were also able to decrease necrosis cells percentage. The study was able to demonstrate that RBLE treatment could decrease necrotic cell percentage. Low concentration of RBLE (200 mg/kg b.w) exhibit best anti-inflammatory properties and had the lowest ALT enzyme and increased live cell percentage by shifting cell death pathway from necrosis to apoptosis, and these indicating its antioxidant properties.  These results could be used as a baseline in the purification of red betel bioactive components to be used for liver injury medication.

Key words: Antioxidant, hepatoprotective, histopathology, liver enzymes, MSG, red betel.
OneWorldGiving : Uniting NGO’s and Donors for a Better World
Authors: Pandey Shreya , Afaq Shaikh  , Siddhi Keni  , Uma Garodiya  , Ayush Yadav
Published: April 2024

"OneWorldGiving: Uniting NGOs and donors for a Better World" is a project aiming to bridge the gap between donors and NGOs in India's philanthropic scene. The initiative aims to create a platform that promotes efficiency, transparency, and cooperation, fostering shared responsibility and trust among all parties involved. Other studies have focused on cloud-based mobile applications, automation of donation procedures using Azure Logic Apps, Android app for receiving food, clothing, and book contributions, and mobile applications for community projects and NGOs. However, challenges such as platform-specific specifications, outdated devices, and specialist knowledge in Flutter programming may arise. The NGO Portal website aims to help NGOs and potential volunteers interact, promoting a sense of community and unity among stakeholders. The Android application focuses on making book contributions to NGOs easier, with a Donation Registration component, Firebase database, and User Management feature. The project aims to create a transformative platform that promotes cooperation, openness, and group compassion, improving lives for those in need.
The contribution of herbal medicine in health problems of the indigenous community of Oaxaca, Mexico
Authors: Méndez Cabrera Jessica Gesabel , Figueroa-Rodríguez Óscar L. , Jiménez-Velázquez Mercedes A. , Pimentel-Equihua José L. , Cuevas-Sánchez Jesús A.
Published: April 2024

Objective: To characterize the ways and magnitude in which herbal medicine mitigates health problems and represents a source of savings; as well as to identify the most common ailments treated with herbal medicine and the most used medicinal plants in Santiago Ixtaltepec, Nochixtlán, Oaxaca.
Design/methodology/approach: The study was conducted in 2022, with a quantitative approach and a descriptive-correlational scope. Data were obtained through a survey, applied through direct interviews. Once the data were obtained in the field, they were systematized and processed in Excel databases and descriptive statistical analysis was performed to determine frequencies, percentages, means and other measures of dispersion.
Results: The use of herbal medicine is relevant as an alternative in health care for the community’s population. The most common ailments treated with herbal medicine are stomach aches, postpartum treatment, cough, fever, and bad breath, and the most commonly used medicinal plants are coyote grass, horehound (Marrubium vulgare), cancer grass, puli (Pinaropappus roseus), and juniper (Juniperus deepeana).
Limitations on study/implications: As this is a case study, the findings are not generalizable but specific to the community of study.
Findings/conclusions: Herbal medicine contributes to the mitigation of health problems and its use has an impact on the economy of families. There is a direct relationship between the most common symptoms and the most used plants in the community.
Discovering and Mapping Aspects of Spatial Publicness
Authors: Savvides Andreas L , Spyrou Spyros Th. , Tourvas Teresa
Published: April 2024

The value of public spaces and their social function in cities has been the source of numerous writings. The questions posed in our undergraduate architecture studio at the University of Cyprus are: “What core design aspects create successful public places, and how do they constitute conscious design processes?” and “What are core values that create successful public places and how are they consciously integrated in a design process?”. This paper will attempt to address the topic of spatial publicness within a framework of translating observations of the above into design strategies and tools. These aspects have formulated the basis for recent design briefs, tested within an architectural studio context from 2nd year coursework, while at the same time being translated into transferable values, such as diagnostic and synthetic tools, appropriate for an undergraduate architectural studio. They formulate the basis of an ongoing research project tested within the studio context and utilizing case studies from the output of students’ work to draw conclusions that guide the pedagogical approach.
حكاية رُستَم وإسفَنديار: بين شاهنامة الفِردوسيّ وغُرَر ملوك الفُرس للثَّعالبيّ
Authors: Albakour Moustafa
Published: April 2024

حكاية رُسْتَم وإسفنديار إحدى أهم الحكايات الفارسية القديمة التي شاع ذكرُها في أمَّهات مصادر السّيرة النّبويّة، وتفاسير القرآن، وتواريخ صدر الإسلام وآداب الشعوب. إنّ مطالعةَ المصادرِ الإسلاميّة التي أوردت تلك الحكاية تقدِّم لنا ثلاث رؤًى تجاهها: الأولى: دينيَّة، وهي التي تبدو في كتب السِّيرة النّبويَّة وتفاسير القرآن، وعُدَّت فيها بمثابة أساطير الأوَّلين أو لهو الحديث. والثّانية: حماسيَّة أو قوميَّة، وقد تجلَّت في شاهنامة الفردوسي وما تلاها من الحماسات القوميّة الفارسيّة، وفيها تبدو أهمُّ عناصر الحماسة القوميّة الفارسيّة. والثّالثة: تاريخيَّة، وقد تجلَّت في كتب تاريخ الإسلام التي تحدَّثت عن سِيَرِ مُلوك الفُرس القدماء من العصر الأسطوريِّ إلى سقوط الإمبراطوريّة الساسانيّة على يد العرب المسلمين، ومن جُملتها كتاب غُرَر أخبار ملوك الفُرس وسِيَرهم للثَّعالبيِّ. تتحدَّث هذه الحكاية عن اثنَين من أبطال الحماسة الفارسيّة وهما رُستَم وإسفنديار، وقد عُرِفا بخَوض كثيرٍ من الحروب المصيريَّة والخطيرة دفاعًا عن استقلال إيران، وللحفاظ على عرش ملوكها، لكنَّهما تصادما في أواخر حياتَيْهما، وانتهى الأمر بمقتل إسفنديار على يد رُستَم بعد سلسلة من الحوادث الدّراميَّة. تُجسِّد هذه الحكاية تصادم عدد من المفاهيم الإنسانيَّة المهمَّة من قبيل صراع الدِّين والقوميَّة، والسُّلطة والشَّعب، والشَّيخوخة والشَّباب، والشَّجاعة والحيلة، والأَسْر والحُرِّيَّة. إنَّ أهمَّ روايتَين لحكاية رستم وإسفنديار وأكثرهما تكاملًا ونضجًا في مصادر التّاريخ والآداب الإسلاميّة هما: رواية شاهنامة الفردوسيّ (~330-416هـ) المدوَّنة بالفارسيَّة، وروايةُ غُرَرِ ملوك الفُرس للثَّعالبيِّ (350-429هـ) المدوَّنة باللّغة العربيَّة، وقد تفاوتت نظرةُ الأديبَينِ أو المؤرِّخَينِ تجاه هذه الحكاية وفلسفتها؛ فالفردوسيُّ كان يتعامل مع هذه الحكاية الأسطوريَّة وأمثالها على أنّها رموز يمكن تأويلها وليست خرافة، أمّا الثَّعالبيُّ فقد رأى هذه الحكاية خرافةً لا يتقبَّلُها العقل الإنسانيّ. إن النظرة الأوَّليَّةَ في روايتَي الفردوسي والثّعالبي تُظهِر وجود تشابهٍ كبيرٍ بين أهمِّ عناصر هذه الحكاية، ولعلَّ حياة هذين الأديبَين في وقتٍ واحدٍ تقريبًا، وفي إقليمٍ واحدٍ، يجعلنا أمام ثلاثة احتمالات حول أسباب هذا التشابه: أوّلاً: أخْذُ الثّعالبي عن الفردوسي وتأثُّره بشاهنامته بحُكم شهرة الشّاهنامة ووحدة البيئة التي عاشا فيها وتقدُّم الفردوسي عليه في العُمْر. وثانيًا: أخْذُ الفردوسي عن الثّعالبي بحُكم شهرة الأخير ومكانته الأدبيّة الكبيرة. وثالثًا: اعتماد الفردوسيّ والثّعالبيّ في روايتَيْهما على مصدر واحد أو مصادر مُتشابهة. لكنَّ هذا التّشابه لم يَحُل دونَ وجودِ تفاوتٍ في مسائلَ فرعيّة وإضافات من قِبَلِ المؤلِّفَين. وقد حفلت الشّاهنامة بالنّصيب الأكبر من الإطالات والإضافات الجديدة كُلِّيًّا، مع حرصه على عدم العبث ببنيتها الأساسيّة، من قبيل مطلع الحكاية والمواعظ الأخلاقيّة والقيم الإنسانيّة التي كان يحرص على تطعيم حوادث القصَّة بها لأسباب ترتبطُ برؤاه الدّينيّة والقوميّة والسّياسيّة.
Enhancing Teachers' Competency In Using Video Games To Boost Students' English Vocabulary And Learning Motivation
Authors: Ha Thi Yen Nhi , Huynh Thach Vu , Huynh Nhu Yen Nhi , Le Thi Hong Tuyen
Published: April 2024

In Vietnam, a significant number of university and college students are avid gamers, leading the author to recognize the potential of video games in motivating them to learn English. However, there is limited research on teachers' perspectives in this area. Hence, the author decides to conduct action research to explore how teachers can enhance their skills to effectively incorporate video games into their classes. This study involved 16 teachers and 24 students from the author's school. The teachers were surveyed through interviews and questionnaires, while the students were tasked with playing a selected video game. Combining the teachers' feedback with the author's observations of student progress yielded satisfactory results. The findings demonstrated that there was a substantial change in the students' vocabulary learning performance and increased motivation between the pre- and post-tests. The results of this study suggest that using video games in English classrooms can improve students' motivation and glossary achievements among Vietnamese university students.
Long COVID-19 Syndrome, A Prolonged Misery
Authors: Solehan Hana Maizuliana , Abu Hasan Zatul-'Iffah , Mohamed Nurul Azmawati , Mohd Rani Mohd Dzulkhairi
Published: April 2024

Long COVID-19 is a constellation of symptoms following a confirmed COVID-19 acute infection. SARS-CoV-2 infection does not only give rise to respiratory problems but also other non-respiratory conditions. The symptoms and duration may vary among the patients and its treatment is based on the clinical presentation. Long COVID-19 among mildly infected patients was scarcely studied and reported, therefore we present a previously healthy, stage 2 COVID-19 patient who experiences prolonged symptoms of cough, chest pain, including anxiety and limited physical activities months after the first COVID-19 symptoms.
Pivotal Role of Prison Libraries as an Information Resource for Prisoner Rehabilitation
Authors: Opesanwo Olusegun , Awofeso Oluyọmi
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This article delves into the multifaceted roles of prison libraries in rehabilitating and reintegrating incarcerated individuals. It begins by underscoring the significance of education in correctional facilities and the inherent challenges of providing access to educational resources due to security constraints. The primary objective of this study is to scrutinize the theoretical underpinnings that drive the rehabilitative functions of prison libraries and identify existing gaps in the literature. This research, through a comprehensive analysis of various empirical studies, reveals the pivotal role played by prison libraries in fostering personal growth, facilitating social integration among inmates, serving as havens where prisoners are afforded the autonomy to choose their reading materials, empowering them to enhance their lives through self-directed learning, and contributing to cultural enrichment, literacy advancement, and preparation for successful reintegration into society. The findings of this integrated literature review underscore the constructive influence of prison libraries on effective time management and offering meaningful activities for prisoner rehabilitation. This study highlights the need for further research that amalgamates robust theoretical frameworks with empirical evidence, thereby establishing how prison libraries can efficaciously contribute to prisoner rehabilitation. This study also informs policy formulation to enable correctional institutions to utilize these insights to bolster behavioural management strategies.
co-production of an intervention facilitating informal caregivers to support adults at risk of suicide and serious self-harm: a brief report
Authors: Frances Deborah
Published: April 2024

The recovery model in mental healthcare increasingly recognises suicidal behaviour as an interpersonal issue, with caregivers seen as essential in prevention.  In the UK, as in other parts of the world, there is growing consensus in policies, guidelines and academic research towards carer involvement in a person’s mental healthcare, yet inconsistency in practice remain commonplace.

In response to the theme of poor family involvement consistently identified in reports into deaths by suicide in Devon (UK), Devon Partnership NHS Trust has developed Stronger Together, a training programme for carers of suicidal adults.  The programme, co-produced with carers and service users, also includes a collaborative learning component with healthcare staff.

This report explores the programme's co-production and my personal involvement.  Co-production shaped Stronger Together, aligning it with national policy and research findings.  Its co-delivery and co-learning approach uniquely addresses carers' needs and fosters staff-carer collaboration.  Learning from this initiative could help other mental health trusts foster a culture of carer collaboration, potentially improving patient safety, reducing caregiver burden and enhancing support for patients and families to reduce deaths by suicide.  It also strengthens the case for co-production of training that effectively meets the needs of participants and delivers on its outcomes.
"My Mother Makes Films to Cope with Her Demons": Confronting Normality
Authors: Sukhdev Shabnam
Published: April 2024

My daughter’s mental health condition had raised several questions about her diagnosis and recovery, and I wanted to make a film about it.  I had a rich family archive which I choose to call a ‘record’ of all that was going on around me. In addition, I was carrying my own lived experience and several years of struggle with my daughter’s condition: her hospitalizations and encounters with her doctors and therapists.  I was filming her because I didn’t know how else to cope with my situation.  I couldn’t watch the 2007 footage that I had shot during her episode until ten years after.  I began questioning the ethical reasons for documenting my daughter in that state; I also wanted to investigate the circumstances that led to her diagnosis.  Would she have ever been diagnosed if we had continued to live in India?  Could the triggers be related to her being the product of a broken home?  How can family history of mental illness be controlled?  Can the impact of illness be reversed?  Is mental illness a reality or is it a construct of society?  What is Normal?  How can my daughter claim agency in charting strategies for her own wellness?  How can she participate effectively in mainstream communities overcoming the stigma and labels?  Can art truly be instrumental in coping with mental illness and facilitate the healing process?  I could address some of the questions in the film, while others continue to be a driving force in our commitment to advocacy work through film screenings and panels.[1] This has not only proven to be a very empowering experience for both my daughter and myself, but also strengthened our relationship beyond the filial bond – giving us a strong purpose outside of our immediate circle of concern.

 

[1] You will find on-line links to several panels since the film’s release in 2021.
Kırgız Sinemasında Dramaturjik Bir Çözümleme: “Kızıl Elma” Filmi Örneği
Authors: Okyay Zeki , Yeşilyurt Aydın
Published: April 2024

Dramaturjik çözümleme; sosyoloji, psikoloji, felsefe, tarih gibi disiplinler arası yaklaşımla yapılmaktadır. Dünya edebiyatında özel yeri olan Cengiz Aytmatov’un birden fazla edebi eseri sinemaya uyarlanmış ancak literatür taramasında ulaşılabildiği kadarıyla bu uyarlama filmlerin dramaturjik çözümlemesinin yapılmadığı saptanmıştır. Bu boşluktan ve disiplinler arası yaklaşımdan hareket eden çalışmada Cengiz Aytmatov’un sinemalaştırılan “Kızıl Elma” filmi; “konu, öykünün toplumsal düzlemi, sosyolojik/ekonomi politik arka plan, öykünün söylem düzlemi, tema, öykünün anlatı (narration) düzlemi, mekân tasarımı, kişileştirme tasarımı, bakış açısı, olaylar dizimi, olay çatkısı, krizler, doruk nokta, çözülme ve son, dramaturgi perspektifinden reji tasarımı, oyunculuk, ses ve müzik tasarımı, kamera arkasından önemli notlar” bakımından dramaturjik olarak analiz edilmiştir. Kırgız sinemasının edebiyat ile ilişkisinin Kızıl Elma filmi üzerinden ele alınış biçimi nasıl gerçekleşmiştir? Filmde kalıplaşmış Sovyet ortak kimliği dışında ve Kırgızlara ait yaşam biçimleri, kültürleri vd. yerel unsurlar ne şekilde işlenmiştir? Sorularına yanıt aranmıştır. Bu perspektiften bakıldığında analizi yapılan “Kızıl Elma” filmi anlatı biçimi, kullanılan mekân, karakter seçimleri ve olayların dizilim kurgusuyla dramaturjik izleri bünyesinde taşıdığı görülmektedir. Ayrıca filmde sosyolojik ve şiirsel dram yaklaşımıyla örtük bir dünya anlatısı da sunmaktadır. Öykünün içinde bulunan dramatik çatışma, kriz gibi olay akışları filmin hem görsel hem de söylem boyutu kattığı saptanmıştır.
Modelo de mantenimiento de vías, con pavimento flexible de la zona central del Ecuador
Authors: Aldás Sánchez Milton Rodrigo , Acosta Lozada Rodrigo Iván , Frías Torres Alex Javier , López Sánchez Byron Leonardo
Published: April 2024

Introducción. Este trabajo es un estudio general del mantenimiento vial con estructura de pavimentos flexibles para conservar en eficiente estado este tipo de vías, para lo que se ha tomado como referencia las siguientes muestras: vías Montalvo-Totoras, Quero-Salasaca, Manzana de Oro-Quero, Patate-Píllaro, Patate-Baños, Pelileo-Patate, Cevallos-Mocha y Ambato-Tisaleo. Estas muestras son vías pertenecientes a la red inter cantonal de la zona central del país, misma que cumple con las mejores condiciones para un análisis de pavimentos flexibles. Objetivo: con este estudio se pretende establecer un modelo para el mantenimiento vial con estructura de pavimentos flexibles para conservar en eficiente estado las vías de la zona central del Ecuador. Metodología: para esto, se realizó un procesamiento de información compilatoria sobre el estado actual del pavimento flexible de forma visual a través del Método de Índice de condición de pavimento (PCI), en el que se identificó tipo de fallas y su severidad deflexiones generadas en la Viga de Benkelman, que sirvieron de base para desarrollar un plan de mantenimiento general a emplearse. Resultados: se obtuvieron los detalles por unidades de muestreo, resultados PCI y deflexiones por viga Benkelman de cada una de las ubicaciones, vías y abscisas a estudiar en la presente investigación. Conclusiones: se presentó una propuesta de mantenimiento vial general para las vías estudiadas, donde se encontró que la red inter-cantonal necesita mantenimiento periódico en su mayor parte y rehabilitación en las zonas más deterioradas; y además, un mantenimiento rutinario en las vías cuyo deterioro es leve. Área de estudio general: Ingeniería Civil. Área de estudio específica: Pavimentos.
Variations of Index (2D) Finger Length among Adult Bangladeshies
Authors: Hasan Karim Rezwan , Ara Shamim , Begum Mahamuda
Published: April 2024

Context: In human hand, the lengths of all digits are not the same. By virtue of evolutionary changes digital lengths vary from person to person according to age, sex, races, occupation or even environmental influences. It has been found that the digital lengths are not even same in both hands of an individual. In this study, this variation of the index finger (2D) length has been analyzed and compared among the adult population of Bangladesh.

Materials & Methods: A cross sectional analytical study was conducted in the department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, from July 2012 to June 2013. The study was performed on 200 MBBS students (18 years of age) of Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka. Among them 100 were male and 100 were female. With the help of digital vernier caliper measurements of digital lengths were recorded. Paired and unpaired students t tests were done for statistical analysis of the results.

Results: The mean length value of right index finger (R2D) and left index finger (L2D) was greater in male than female (P<0.001). Significant difference between the length of right index finger (R2D) and left index finger (L2D) was observed in male (P<0.05) where left index finger length (L2D) was slightly higher than right index finger length (R2D) but in female the difference was not significant (P> 0.05).

Conclusion: Digital lengths especially index (2D) and ring (4D) finger lengths are often use to determine sexual dimorphism. Also, study over the variations of digital lengths have great medicolegal importance to determine age, sex and race of an individual.

Bangladesh J. Anat. 2015; 13(1) : 27-31
Spatial structure and potential processes linking fish and benthic communities in a protected reef ecosystem in SE Brazil
Authors: Barreto CR , Quimbayo JP , Mendes TC , Cordeiro CAMM , Flores AAV
Published: April 2024

Top-down and bottom-up processes can mediate the structuring of biological communities. Several studies have provided separate support for those processes in pelagic and benthic compartments of reef systems but studies focusing on whole-reef processes are less common. Here, we sampled 3 ‘reef compartments’ in the Alcatrazes Archipelago in Southeastern Brazil: benthic cover of colonial organisms, solitary organisms, and reef fish (i.e. pelagic) to identify the groups responsible for spatial community structure among reefs. A dynamic mosaic structure best defines the assemblages of each compartment, with substantial changes observed among sites over 2 consecutive years and at 2 depth strata, separated by a sharp thermocline. Changes in benthic cover of colonial organisms are largely due to the extent of the blooming of Sargassum canopies, algal turfs, and the zoanthid Palythoa caribaeorum. Solitary organisms show a consistent monotonic change in the abundance of sea urchins, ascidians, and snails. Fish assemblage structure differed among reefs; however, we observed that large invertivore fish tended to concentrate in warmer water above the thermocline and small fish of different feeding habits were found in deeper and colder water in all reefs. We observed a potential strong link between the reefscape and solitary organisms, with a negative relationship between the abundance of urchins and the cover of Sargassum spp. suggesting top-down control. A second link is indicated by a positive relationship between low-lying cover composed of articulated turf and P. caribaeorum and larger invertivorous fish, suggesting bottom-up control through the provision of favorable foraging grounds.
Implications of the Role of Green Jobs in the Development of Low-Carbon Tourism
Authors: Angga Wijaya Holman Fasa  , Mahardhika Berliandaldo  , Muhammad Iqbal Rosyidi  , Dini Andriani
Published: April 2024

Afterward, the tourism sector contributes to environmental impact. Accelerating the tourism sector’s role to achieve net zero carbon tourism activities for a higher quality experience is indispensable. Instead, there is a change in tourism trends that focus on developing sustainable tourism and implementing low carbon tourism within sustainable development, resulting in green job opportunities that positively impact economics, socio cultural, environment, and communities. Based on several previous studies, not much research has been found on the implications of the role of green jobs in developing the tourism sector in Indonesia. Qualitative literature methods such as journals, books, study reports, statistical reports, policy and regulations, and the acquisition of data and information are analyzed using the VRIO (value, rarity, imitability, and organization) approach. This will be done by identifying the issues related to low-carbon tourism and their impact on the value creation of green jobs as an enabler to support sustainable tourism, resource capacity, and competitiveness, as well as the results of the VRIO analysis to obtain strategic implications. Indonesia's low-carbon tourism sector has four key elements that can provide a sustainable competitive advantage: environmental innovation, investment in an environmentally friendly tourism industry, human resource capacity, and green skills.
Integrated cybersecurity for metaverse systems operating with artificial intelligence, blockchains, and cloud computing
Authors: Radanliev Petar
Published: April 2024

In the ever-evolving realm of cybersecurity, the increasing integration of Metaverse systems with cutting-edge technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), Blockchain, and Cloud Computing presents a host of new opportunities alongside significant challenges. This article employs a methodological approach that combines an extensive literature review with focused case study analyses to examine the changing cybersecurity landscape within these intersecting domains. The emphasis is particularly on the Metaverse, exploring its current state of cybersecurity, potential future developments, and the influential roles of AI, blockchain, and cloud technologies. Our thorough investigation assesses a range of cybersecurity standards and frameworks to determine their effectiveness in managing the risks associated with these emerging technologies. Special focus is directed towards the rapidly evolving digital economy of the Metaverse, investigating how AI and blockchain can enhance its cybersecurity infrastructure whilst acknowledging the complexities introduced by cloud computing. The results highlight significant gaps in existing standards and a clear necessity for regulatory advancements, particularly concerning blockchain’s capability for self-governance and the early-stage development of the Metaverse. The article underscores the need for proactive regulatory involvement, stressing the importance of cybersecurity experts and policymakers adapting and preparing for the swift advancement of these technologies. Ultimately, this study offers a comprehensive overview of the current scenario, foresees future challenges, and suggests strategic directions for integrated cybersecurity within Metaverse systems utilising AI, blockchain, and cloud computing.