bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with pharmacological treatment in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders: a retrospective study of a series of 77 cases in a single third-level reference Centre in Apulia region
Authors: Amendola Simone , Fanizza Isabella , Scoditti Sara , De Rinaldis Marta , Trabacca Antonio
Published: November 2023

Background

The present study analysed data on children and adolescents with a diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) who were referred to the ADHD reference centre of Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea (Brindisi, Italy) for ADHD pharmacotherapy initiation and monitoring overtime. The main aim of the study was to examine differences in pharmacological treatment status (i.e., treatment continuation vs discontinuation) between patients.

Methods

Seventy-seven children and adolescents (mean age at pharmacotherapy initiation = 9.5, standard deviation = 2.6) with ADHD received drugs treatment for ADHD at the reference center between January, 2013 and May, 2022. Demographic and clinical data were obtained from the Italian Registry for ADHD and medical records. Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) available data were used.

Results

Pharmacological treatment status was examined for patients (n = 63) with at least 12 months of follow-up after the first pharmacological treatment for ADHD. After starting pharmacotherapy treatment, 77.8% (n = 49) patients were still on treatment whereas 22.2% (n = 14) discontinued it. No between group difference were observed in demographic and clinical data except for the intelligence quotient/intellectual disability and rule-breaking behavior (n = 40).

Conclusions

This study stressed the need of periodical assessments, monitoring difficulties with treatment and/or reasons for poor treatment compliance to provide individualized care.
Crusted scabies in a rabbit model: a severe skin disease or more?
Authors: Sharaf Mahmoud Shafeik , Othman Ahmad Ali , Abdel-Ghaffar Amira Elsayed , Ali Dareen Mohamed , Eid Mohamed Mahmoud
Published: November 2023

Background

Around 200–300 million people are estimated to be affected by scabies annually worldwide. However, the mechanisms by which this disease may affect the general condition of the host are not entirely clear. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the systemic changes that may accompany crusted scabies in both treated and non-treated experimental animals.

Methods

Male New Zealand rabbits were infected with Sarcoptes scabiei var. cuniculi and divided into the following three groups: control, ivermectin-treated, and fluralaner-treated. Several methods were used to evaluate the systemic changes, including histopathological examination of the liver, kidney, heart, and spleen, as well as the measurement of serum biochemical parameters and immunological parameters.

Results

Several definite structural and functional changes at the systemic level were revealed, as evidenced by the observed histopathological changes in the tissue sections of internal organs and the highly significant increases in markers of systemic inflammation, serum procalcitonin, and oxidative stress markers. Abnormalities in the liver and renal function results, as well as in the serum lipid profile, were also noted. Additionally, a disorganized immune response was noted, evidenced by a mixed type 1 and type 2 helper T cell response. Although there was notable clinical and parasitological cure in the ivermectin-treated group, the histopathological, biochemical, and immunological markers indicated incomplete resolution. In contrast, the fluralaner-treated group exhibited a nearly complete resolution of changes in these parameters.

Conclusions

We conclude that crusted scabies is a systemic syndrome that can affect several organs besides the skin. Inflammation, oxidative stress, and possibly bacterial infections, are all implicated as underlying mechanisms of tissue damage due to the disease. We recommend that fluralaner, a promising scabicidal agent, should be studied for possible human use, and especially for control programs.

Graphical Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate overrides the aversive effect of antifeedants and toxicants: a model alternative phagostimulant for sugar-based vector control tools
Authors: Lukenge Matthew , Ignell Rickard , Hill Sharon Rose
Published: November 2023

Background

Sugar, when used as the phagostimulant in attractive toxic bait control tools, limits the efficacy and selectivity of this technology. Thus, more potent and selective phagostimulants than sugar are required to improve this technology. The potency of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as an alternative model phagostimulant was assessed to determine its capacity to override the aversive effects of select antifeedants and toxicants. How ATP and sucrose modulate the rate of toxicity in the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti was also examined.

Methods

A no-choice feeding assay was used to investigate the phagostimulatory ability of ATP to override the aversive effects of structurally divergent antifeedant and toxicant compounds, and to modulate the rate of toxicity over 24 h. Binary combinations of antifeedant and toxicant compounds, at various concentrations, were similarly assessed for enhanced lethal potency. In comparison, no-choice open access and cotton wick feeding assays were used to determine the phagostimulatory role of sucrose in the ingestion of boric acid-laced diets. Dissections of the guts were performed to determine the diet destination as dependant on the phagostimulant.

Results

ATP is a potent phagostimulant that dose dependently overrides aversion to antifeedant and toxicant tastants. Feeding on antifeedant- or toxicant-laced diets that was induced by ATP selectively resulted in rapid knockdown (nicotine, lobeline and caffeine) or death (boric acid and propylene glycol), with a combination of the two lethal compounds inducing a synergistic effect at lower concentrations. ATP- and sucrose-induced feeding predominantly directed the antifeedant- or toxicant-laced meals to the midgut and the crop, respectively.

Conclusions

ATP is an efficacious alternative model phagostimulant to sucrose that overrides the aversive effects of antifeedants and toxicants, resulting in rapid toxic effects. Furthermore, this study demonstrates that variation in the rate of toxicity between ATP- and sugar-induced feeding is at least partly regulated by the differential feeding response, volume imbibed and the destination of the meals. Additional research is needed to identify structurally related, stable analogues of ATP due to the ephemeral nature of this molecule. For future applications, the workflow presented in this study may be used to evaluate such analogues for their suitability for use in attractive bait stations designed to target a broad range of haematophagous arthropods and prevent off-target species’ feeding.

Graphical Abstract
Genome sequence of a virulent and hypermucoviscous-like Klebsiella michiganensis clinical isolate
Authors: Alvarado-Delgado Alejandro , Rodríguez-Medina Nadia , Sánchez-Pérez Alejandro , Tamayo-Legorreta Elsa María , Cerón-Lopez Jackeline , Morfin-Otero Rayo , Garza-Ramos Ulises
Published: November 2023

Objectives

The hypermucoviscous-like phenotype has been described in Klebsiella pneumoniae species complex (KpSC) and was described as a contributor of increased virulence. This study described the characterization and whole-genome sequencing of an antibiotic susceptible and hypermucoviscous-like Klebsiella michiganensis 9273 clinical isolate.

Data description

Here, we report the genome sequence of a K. michiganensis clinical isolate obtained from a urinary tract infection exhibiting the hypermucoviscous-like phenotype. The draft genome sequence consisted of 145 contigs and ~ 6.6 Mb genome size. The annotation revealed 6648 coding DNA sequences and 56 tRNA genes. The strain belongs to the sequence type (ST) 50, and the OXY-1 beta-lactam resistance gene, aph(3′)-Ia gene for aminoglycoside resistance and multidrug efflux pumps were identified. The fyuA siderophore receptor of yersiniabactin siderophore was identified. Increased virulence was observed in Galleria mellonella larvae model and increased capsule production was determined by uronic acid quantification. The clinical implications of this phenotype are unknown, but the patient outcome might worsen compared to susceptible- or MDR-classical K. michiganensis isolates.
Computed tomography-based thermography (CTT) in microwave ablation: prediction of the heat ablation zone in the porcine liver
Authors: Kostyrko Bogdan , Rubarth Kerstin , Althoff Christian , Poch Franz Gerd Martin , Neizert Christina Ann , Zibell Miriam , Gebauer Bernhard , Lehmann Kai Siegfried , Niehues Stefan Markus , Mews Jürgen , Diekhoff Torsten , Pohlan Julian
Published: November 2023

Objectives

The aim of the study was to investigate computed tomography-based thermography (CTT) for ablation zone prediction in microwave ablation (MWA).

Methods

CTT was investigated during MWA in an in vivo porcine liver. For CTT, serial volume scans were acquired every 30 s during ablations and every 60 s immediately after MWA. After the procedure, contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) was performed. After euthanasia, the liver was removed for sampling and further examination. Color-coded CTT maps were created for visualization of ablation zones, which were compared with both CECT and macroscopy. Average CT attenuation values in Hounsfield units (HU) were statistically correlated with temperatures using Spearman’s correlation coefficient. CTT was retrospectively evaluated in one patient who underwent radiofrequency ablation (RFA) treatment of renal cell carcinoma.

Results

A significant correlation between HU and temperature was found with r =  − 0.77 (95% confidence interval (CI), − 0.89 to − 0.57) and p < 0.001. Linear regression yielded a slope of − 1.96 HU/°C (95% CI, − 2.66 to − 1.26). Color-coded CTT maps provided superior visualization of ablation zones.

Conclusion

Our results show that CTT allows visualization of the ablation area and measurement of its size and is feasible in patients, encouraging further exploration in a clinical setting.

Critical relevance statement

CT-based thermography research software allows visualization of the ablation zone and is feasible in patients, encouraging further exploration in a clinical setting to assess risk reduction of local recurrence.

Graphical Abstract
Preoperative prediction of cholangiocyte phenotype hepatocellular carcinoma on contrast-enhanced MRI and the prognostic implication after hepatectomy
Authors: Chen Yidi , Chen Jie , Yang Chongtu , Wu Yuanan , Wei Hong , Duan Ting , Zhang Zhen , Long Liling , Jiang Hanyu , Song Bin
Published: November 2023

Background

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) expressing cytokeratin (CK) 7 or CK19 has a cholangiocyte phenotype that stimulates HCC proliferation, metastasis, and sorafenib therapy resistance This study aims to noninvasively predict cholangiocyte phenotype-positive HCC and assess its prognosis after hepatectomy.

Methods

Between January 2010 and May 2022, preoperative contrast-enhanced MRI was performed on consecutive patients who underwent hepatectomy and had pathologically confirmed solitary HCC. Two abdominal radiologists separately assessed the MRI features. A predictive model for cholangiocyte phenotype HCC was created using logistic regression analysis and five-fold cross-validation. A receiver operating characteristic curve was used to calculate the model performance. Kaplan–Meier and log-rank methods were used to evaluate survival outcomes.

Results

In total, 334 patients were included in this retrospective study. Four contrast-enhanced MRI features, including “rim arterial phase hyperenhancement” (OR = 5.9, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.9–12.0, 10 points), “nodule in nodule architecture” (OR = 3.5, 95% CI: 2.1–5.9, 7 points), “non-smooth tumor margin” (OR = 1.6, 95% CI: 0.8–2.9, 3 points), and “non-peripheral washout” (OR = 0.6, 95% CI: 0.3–1.0, − 3 points), were assigned to the cholangiocyte phenotype HCC prediction model. The area under the curves for the training and independent validation set were 0.76 and 0.73, respectively. Patients with model-predicted cholangiocyte phenotype HCC demonstrated lower rates of recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) after hepatectomy, with an estimated median RFS and OS of 926 vs. 1565 days (p < 0.001) and 1504 vs. 2960 days (p < 0.001), respectively.

Conclusions

Contrast-enhanced MRI features can be used to predict cholangiocyte phenotype-positive HCC. Patients with pathologically confirmed or MRI model-predicted cholangiocyte phenotype HCC have a worse prognosis after hepatectomy.

Critical relevance statement

Four contrast-enhanced MRI features were significantly associated with cholangiocyte phenotype HCC and a worse prognosis following hepatectomy; these features may assist in predicting prognosis after surgery and improve personalized treatment decision-making.

Key points

• Four contrast-enhanced MRI features were significantly associated with cholangiocyte phenotype HCC.

• A noninvasive cholangiocyte phenotype HCC predictive model was established based on MRI features.

• Patients with cholangiocyte phenotype HCC demonstrated a worse prognosis following hepatic resection.

Graphical Abstract
ADSC secretome constrains NK cell activity by attenuating IL-2-mediated JAK-STAT and AKT signaling pathway via upregulation of CIS and DUSP4
Authors: Ko Eunhee , Yoon Taejun , Lee Yoojin , Kim Jongsun , Park Yong-Beom
Published: November 2023

Background

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have immunomodulatory properties and therapeutic effects on autoimmune diseases through their secreted factors, referred to as the secretome. However, the specific key factors of the MSC secretome and their mechanisms of action in immune cells have not been fully determined. Most in vitro experiments are being performed using immune cells, but experiments using natural killer (NK) cells have been neglected, and a few studies using NK cells have shown discrepancies in results. NK cells are crucial elements of the immune system, and adjustment of their activity is essential for controlling various pathological conditions. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of the adipose tissue-derived stem cell (ADSC) secretome on NK cell activity.

Methods

To obtain the ADSC secretome, we cultured ADSCs in medium and concentrated the culture medium using tangential flow filtration (TFF) capsules. We assessed NK cell viability and proliferation using CCK-8 and CFSE assays, respectively. We analyzed the effects of the ADSC secretome on NK cell activity and pathway-related proteins using a combination of flow cytometry, ELISA, cytotoxicity assay, CD107a assay, western blotting, and quantitative real-time PCR. To identify the composition of the ADSC secretome, we performed LC–MS/MS profiling and bioinformatics analysis. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved, we used mRNA sequencing to profile the transcriptional expression of human blood NK cells.

Results

The ADSC secretome was found to restrict IL-2-mediated effector function of NK cells while maintaining proliferative potency. This effect was achieved through the upregulation of the inhibitory receptor CD96, as well as downregulation of activating receptors and IL-2 receptor subunits IL-2Rα and IL-2Rγ. These changes were associated with attenuated JAK-STAT and AKT pathways in NK cells, which were achieved through the upregulation of cytokine-inducible SH2-containing protein (CIS, encoded by Cish) and dual specificity protein phosphatase 4 (DUSP4). Furthermore, proteomic analysis revealed twelve novel candidates associated with the immunomodulatory effects of MSCs.

Conclusions

Our findings reveal a detailed cellular outcome and regulatory mechanism of NK cell activity by the ADSC secretome and suggest a therapeutic tool for treating NK-mediated inflammatory and autoimmune diseases using the MSC secretome.
Sex-based differences in natural killer T cell-mediated protection against diet-induced steatohepatitis in Balb/c mice
Authors: Cuño-Gómiz Carlos , de Gregorio Estefanía , Tutusaus Anna , Rider Patricia , Andrés-Sánchez Nuria , Colell Anna , Morales Albert , Marí Montserrat
Published: November 2023

Background

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is prevalent in Western countries, evolving into metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) with a sexual dimorphism. Fertile women exhibit lower MASLD risk than men, which diminishes post-menopause. While NKT-cell involvement in steatohepatitis is debated, discrepancies may stem from varied mouse strains used, predominantly C57BL6/J with Th1-dominant responses. Exploration of steatohepatitis, encompassing both genders, using Balb/c background, with Th2-dominant immune response, and CD1d-deficient mice in the Balb/c background (lacking Type I and Type II NKT cells) can clarify gender disparities and NKT-cell influence on MASH progression.

Methods

A high fat and choline-deficient (HFCD) diet was used in male and female mice, Balb/c mice or CD1d−/− mice in the Balb/c background that exhibit a Th2-dominant immune response. Liver fibrosis and inflammatory gene expression were measured by qPCR, and histology assessment. NKT cells, T cells, macrophages and neutrophils were assessed by flow cytometry.

Results

Female mice displayed milder steatohepatitis after 6 weeks of HFCD, showing reduced liver damage, inflammation, and fibrosis compared to males. Male Balb/c mice exhibited NKT-cell protection against steatohepatitis whereas CD1d−/− males on HFCD presented decreased hepatoprotection, increased liver fibrosis, inflammation, neutrophilic infiltration, and inflammatory macrophages. In contrast, the NKT-cell role was negligible in early steatohepatitis development in both female mice, as fibrosis and inflammation were similar despite augmented liver damage in CD1d−/− females. Relevant, hepatic type I NKT levels in female Balb/c mice were significantly lower than in male.

Conclusions

NKT cells exert a protective role against experimental steatohepatitis as HFCD-treated CD1d−/− males had more severe fibrosis and inflammation than male Balb/c mice. In females, the HFCD-induced hepatocellular damage and the immune response are less affected by NKT cells on early steatohepatitis progression, underscoring sex-specific NKT-cell influence in MASH development.
Coffee as a dietary strategy to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Wu Chen-Shiou , Li Yi-Chuan , Peng Shin-Lei , Chen Chung-Yu , Chen Hsiao-Fan , Hsueh Po-Ren , Wang Wei-Jan , Liu Yen-Yi , Jiang Ciao-Ling , Chang Wei-Chao , Wang Shao-Chun , Hung Mien-Chie
Published: November 2023

Background

To date, most countries lifted the restriction requirement and coexisted with SARS-CoV-2. Thus, dietary behavior for preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection becomes an interesting issue on a daily basis. Coffee consumption is connected with reduced COVID-19 risk and correlated to COVID-19 severity. However, the mechanisms of coffee for the reduction of COVID-19 risk are still unclear.

Results

Here, we identified that coffee can inhibit multiple variants of the SARS-CoV-2 infection by restraining the binding of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein to human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), and reducing transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) and cathepsin L (CTSL) activity. Then, we used the method of "Here" (HRMS-exploring-recombination-examining) and found that isochlorogenic acid A, B, and C of coffee ingredients showed their potential to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection (inhibitory efficiency 43–54%). In addition, decaffeinated coffee still preserves inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV-2. Finally, in a human trial of 64 subjects, we identified that coffee consumption (approximately 1–2 cups/day) is sufficient to inhibit infection of multiple variants of SARS-CoV-2 entry, suggesting coffee could be a dietary strategy to prevent SARS-CoV2 infection.

Conclusions

This study verified moderate coffee consumption, including decaffeination, can provide a new guideline for the prevention of SARS-CoV-2. Based on the results, we also suggest a coffee-drinking plan for people to prevent infection in the post-COVID-19 era.
Oncogenic activation revealed by FGFR2 genetic alterations in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas
Authors: Pu Xiaohong , Qi Liang , Yan Jia Wu , Ai Zihe , Wu Ping , Yang Fei , Fu Yao , Li Xing , Zhang Min , Sun Beicheng , Yue Shen , Chen Jun
Published: November 2023

Background

Except for gene fusions, FGFR2 genetic alterations in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas (ICCs) have received limited attention, leaving patients harboring activating FGFR2 gene mutations with inadequate access to targeted therapies.

Experimental design

We sought to survey FGFR2 genetic alterations in ICC and pan-cancers using fluorescence in situ hybridization and next-generation sequencing. We conducted an analysis of the clinical and pathological features of ICCs with different FGFR2 alterations, compared FGFR2 lesion spectrum through public databases and multicenter data, and performed cellular experiments to investigate the oncogenic potential of different FGFR2 mutants.

Results

FGFR2 gene fusions were identified in 30 out of 474 ICC samples, while five FGFR2 genetic alterations aside from fusion were present in 290 ICCs. The tumors containing FGFR2 translocations exhibited unique features, which we designated as the “FGFR2 fusion subtypes of ICC”. Molecular analysis revealed that FGFR2 fusions were not mutually exclusive with other oncogenic driver genes/mutations, whereas FGFR2 in-frame deletions and site mutations often co-occurred with TP53 mutations. Multicenter and pan-cancer studies demonstrated that FGFR2 in-frame deletions were more prevalent in ICCs (0.62%) than in other cancers, and were not limited to the extracellular domain. We selected representative FGFR2 genetic alterations, including in-frame deletions, point mutations, and frameshift mutations, to analyze their oncogenic activity and responsiveness to targeted drugs. Cellular experiments revealed that different FGFR2 genetic alterations promoted ICC tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis but responded differently to FGFR-selective small molecule kinase inhibitors (SMKIs).

Conclusions

FGFR2 oncogenic alterations have different clinicopathological features and respond differently to SMKIs.
Enhanced shifted Jacobi operational matrices of derivatives: spectral algorithm for solving multiterm variable-order fractional differential equations
Authors: Ahmed H. M.
Published: November 2023

This paper presents a new way to solve numerically multiterm variable-order fractional differential equations (MTVOFDEs) with initial conditions by using a class of modified shifted Jacobi polynomials (MSJPs). As their defining feature, MSJPs satisfy the given initial conditions. A key aspect of our methodology involves the construction of operational matrices (OMs) for ordinary derivatives (ODs) and variable-order fractional derivatives (VOFDs) of MSJPs and the application of the spectral collocation method (SCM). These constructions enable efficient and accurate numerical computation. We establish the error analysis and the convergence of the proposed algorithm, providing theoretical guarantees for its effectiveness. To demonstrate the applicability and accuracy of our method, we present five numerical examples. Through these examples, we compare the results obtained with other published results, confirming the superiority of our method in terms of accuracy and efficiency. The suggested algorithm yields very accurate agreement between the approximate and exact solutions, which are shown in tables and graphs.
Bleeding skin lesions in gestating sows of a piglet producing farm in Austria
Authors: Schwarz Lukas , Hamar Flora , Bernreiter-Hofer Tanja , Loncaric Igor , Arnold Mirjam , Voglmayr Thomas , Ladinig Andrea
Published: November 2023

Background

Stomoxys calcitrans, the stable fly, occurs in pig producing countries worldwide. While in cattle the impact of this blood sucking insect is quite well described, its role in pig production is poorly investigated. Here we describe a case of a massive stable fly overpopulation in the gestation unit of a piglet producing farm in Austria that resulted in bleeding skin lesions in bitten sows.

Case Presentation

In October 2021, the responsible herd veterinarian of the case farm reported of sows in the gestation area presenting with bloody crusts on the whole skin surface of the body and of bleeding skin lesions. 33/55 sows were affected by moderate to severe skin lesions. Reproductive performance decreased during the time of massive stable fly overpopulation. Sows in the gestation unit showed defensive behaviour and at a certain time point resigned and accepted being bitten by stable flies. After controlling the fly population, reproductive performance improved and even exceeded the performance before the massive overgrowth of the stable fly population.

Conclusions

Stable flies are a serious harm to pigs and should be kept in mind for improved animal health and welfare. Knowledge about the determination of Stomoxys calcitrans and early recognition of an increasing stable fly population in pig farming systems followed by proper insect control measures have to be performed to reduce losses caused by this harming insect.
Influence of women empowerment on childhood (12–23 months) immunization coverage: Recent evidence from 17 sub-Saharan African countries
Authors: Amoah Abigail , Issaka Jacob , Ayebeng Castro , Okyere Joshua
Published: November 2023

Background

There is a global consensus that child immunization plays an important role in promoting the health and well-being of children. Despite the quintessential role of immunization, not all children receive full immunization coverage. We examined the association between women empowerment and childhood immunization coverage in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).

Methods

The most recent Demographic and Health Survey data of 17 SSA countries were used for the analysis, with a sample of 19,223. The outcome and exposure variables were full immunization coverage and women empowerment, respectively. Full immunization was computed from percentage of children between the ages of 12 and 23 months who had received the following vaccines at any point in time: one dose of Bacille Calmette–Guérin, three doses of the vaccine protecting against diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus or the tetravalent/pentavalent vaccine, three doses of the polio vaccine, and one dose of the measles vaccine (either as a standalone measles vaccine or as part of a combination with other immunogens). Women’s empowerment was an index of labour participation, acceptance towards spousal violence, decision-making capacity and general knowledge level. Descriptive analysis and multilevel logistic regression were performed. Results were reported in adjusted odds ratio with a corresponding 95% confidence interval.

Results

The study found that 56.6% of children were fully immunized. Children of employed mothers were 1.16 times more likely to be fully immunized. Children of mothers with higher acceptance toward violence were less likely to be fully immunized [aOR = 0.90, CI 0.81, 0.99]. The odds of full immunization were higher among children born to mothers with high [aOR = 1.11, CI 1.01, 1.22] decision-making capacity. Higher odds of full immunization were found among children born to mothers with medium [aOR = 1.24, CI 1.13, 1.36] to high [aOR = 1.44, CI 1.27, 1.63] general knowledge level.

Conclusions

We conclude that empowering women through livelihood empowerment interventions can increase their decision-making capacity and foster their resolve to ensure the full immunization of their children. This can be achieved by consciously investing in initiatives such as vocational training programs, job placement services, or support for entrepreneurship initiatives to encourage and support women's workforce participation.
Applying the World Stroke Organization roadmap in planning a model for stroke service implementation in Matrouh Governorate-Egypt: a World Stroke Organization young future stroke leaders’ analytical study
Authors: Roushdy Tamer , Alet Matías J. , Lotlikar Radhika , Ramage Emily , Ullberg Teresa , Mosconi Maria Giulia , Li Linxin
Published: November 2023

Background

The global incidence of stroke is on the rise, primarily due to an increase in the aging population and the prevalence of vascular risk factors among the elderly. However, stroke is a treatable condition if promptly recognized and managed effectively. To optimize stroke management, it is crucial to establish a well-prepared infrastructure comprising adequately trained physicians working in collaboration with multidisciplinary teams. Equipped stroke units, easily accessible emergency medical services with a stroke code, and interconnected telestroke networks, further enhance stroke care delivery. Along with the current study, conducted by a task force from the World Stroke Organization’s Future Stroke Leaders Program, an assessment of the stroke infrastructure within Matrouh governorate in Egypt for stepwise implementation of stroke services, based on the World Stroke Organization’s stroke roadmap took place. The study consisted of two levels: Level One involved analyzing existing gaps that may impede the implementation of stroke services, while Level Two proposed strategies to address these gaps using a problem-solving approach.

Results

The study identified the Matrouh governorate as a suitable region for stroke service implementation. The region exhibits a blend of urban and rural areas and is geographically distant from major healthcare centers. Matrouh also possesses a diverse population, subject to seasonal variations. Currently, it offers a mix of minimum and essential stroke services, which can be expanded and improved through a step-by-step approach guided by the World Stroke Organization’s stroke roadmap.

Conclusions

Mapping stroke infrastructures allows for the identification of potential gaps to optimize the potential for implementation of stroke services.
Global phylodynamics of two relevant aphid-transmitted viruses in cucurbit crops: cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus and watermelon mosaic virus
Authors: Rabadán M. P. , Gómez P.
Published: November 2023

Cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus (CABYV) and watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) are major plant pathogens that cause severe epidemics in cucurbit crops. While there has been an increasing interest in molecular epidemiological studies on both viruses at regional scales, their phylodynamic analysis by using the temporal data at global scale remains unexplored. In this study, we implemented the Nextstrain phylodynamic approach to comprehensively examine the coat protein gene and full-length genome sequences of the CABYV and WMV worldwide populations. Our analyses reconstructed a robust phylogeny of CABYV and confirmed the occurrence of isolates grouped into three clusters (Asian, Mediterranean, and Recombinant). Nextstrain analysis suggested that CABYV epidemics likely originated in Southeast Asia in fourteenth century, while the Mediterranean population emerged in Spain in seventeenth century. We also found a high divergence between Asian and Mediterranean isolates, with low genetic diversity and scarce evidence of selection, as reflected by the lack of gene flow. Moreover, the hierarchical analysis of molecular variance revealed a significant differentiation between CABYV populations grouped by geographical location and plant host. Additionally, the global phylogenetic reconstruction of the WMV population confirmed a clear differentiation among isolates, which grouped into two clusters (classical and emergent), and Nextstrain analysis suggested that WMV epidemics were most probably originated in USA during the sixteenth century. The initial WMV population diverged in the eighteenth century, with the origin of the emergent population in the nineteenth century. Our analysis confirmed that WMV population has a polyphyletic origin, defining an extensive genetic diversity. Overall, this work provides insights into the CABYV and WMV origin and evolutionary dynamics, gaining an understanding of the global spread of both viral diseases. Additionally, the integration of all spatio-temporal CABYV and WMV data, along with their genome sequence data by open access (https://github.com/PiR92) and the Nextstrain approach, provides a valuable tool for compiling and sharing current knowledge of these viral diseases in cucurbit crops.
Machine learning algorithm and neural network architecture for optimization of pharmaceutical and drug manufacturing industrial effluent treatment using activated carbon derived from breadfruit (Treculia africana)
Authors: Ovuoraye Prosper Eguono , Ugonabo Victor Ifeanyi , Fetahi Endrit , Chowdhury Ahmad , Tahir Mohammad Abdullah , Igwegbe Chinenye Adaobi , Dehghani Mohammad Hadi
Published: November 2023

In a recent development, attention has shifted to the application of artificial intelligence for the optimization of wastewater treatment processes. This research compared the performances of the machine learning (ML) model: random forest, decision tree, support vector machine, artificial neural network, convolutional neural network, long-short term memory, and multiple linear regressors for optimization in effluent treatment. The training, testing, and validation datasets were obtained via the design of an experiment conducted on the removal of total dissolved solids (TDS) from pharmaceutical effluent. The breadfruit-activated carbon (BFAC) adsorbent was characterized using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques. The predictive capacity of an ML algorithm, and neural network architecture implemented to optimize the treatment process using statistical metrics. The results showed that MSE ≤ 1.68, MAE ≤ 0.95, and predicted-R2 ≥ 0.9035 were recorded across all ML. The ML output with minimum error functions that satisfied the criterion for clean discharge was adopted. The predicted optimum conditions correspond to BFAC dosage, contact time, particle size, and pH of 2.5 mg/L, 10 min, 0.60 mm, and 6, respectively. The optimum transcends to a reduction in TDS concentration from 450 mg/L to a residual ≤ 40 mg/L and corresponds to 90% removal efficiency, indicating ± 1.01 standard deviation from the actual observation practicable. The findings established the ML model outperformed the neural network architecture and affirmed validation for the optimization of the adsorption treatment in the pharmaceutical effluent domain. Results demonstrated the reliability of the selected ML algorithm and the feasibility of BFAC for use in broad-scale effluent treatment.
Thoracoscopic sublobar resection for congenital bronchial atresia in adults: a report of three cases
Authors: Samejima Hironobu , Ose Naoko , Nagata Hideki , Funaki Soichiro , Shintani Yasushi
Published: November 2023

Background

Congenital bronchial atresia (CBA) is a rare bronchial abnormality. Adult patients with CBA generally do not show any symptoms. Although surgical resection is the first-line treatment, the indication for the surgical intervention is controversial, especially in mildly symptomatic or asymptomatic patients. Recently, thoracoscopic surgery is the commonly preferred approach to treat this condition.

Case presentation

Case 1: A woman in her 20s suffered from repeating episodes of fever and cough due to left CBA with the interruption of B9 and B10. Uniportal thoracoscopic left lower lobe wedge resection was performed, following which the symptoms disappeared. Case 2: A woman in her 40s presented to the clinic with dyspnea on exertion, and the computed tomography image revealed the absence of B2. Multiportal thoracoscopic right S2 segmentectomy was performed on her, after which the symptoms of dyspnea improved. Case 3: A woman in her 40s visited the hospital with symptoms of intermittent cough, sputum, and slight fever for 7 months. The examinations identified the absence of B6a. Right S6 segmentectomy and S2 wedge resection were carried out by multiportal thoracoscopic approach. The patient is now asymptomatic.

Conclusions

Based on our experiences in the three adult CBA surgery cases, the three-dimensional image reconstruction system is very useful for diagnosis and surgical decisions with regard to this disease. Even for CBA patients with subtle symptoms, early surgical treatments may be beneficial from the point of view of minimally invasive interventions, and sublobar resection will be sufficient for treatments and preservation of respiratory function.
Effect and Interactions of BRAF on Lymph Node Metastasis in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma With Hashimoto Thyroiditis
Authors: Li Pengyu , Liu Yang , Wei Tao , Wang Xiaofei , Zhu Jingqiang , Yang Rui , Gong Yanping , Zhao Wanjun
Published: November 2023

Context

The role of B-Raf proto-oncogene (BRAF) in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) with Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) is unknown.

Objective

We aimed to explore risk factors affecting lymph node (LN) metastasis and interaction effect of BRAF in PTC patients with HT.

Methods

We retrospectively collected the data of 994 PTC patients with HT who underwent surgery at the West China Hospital. We analyzed the correlations between preoperative characteristics and LN metastasis in overall, and different BRAFV600E-mutation patients. Logistic regression was applied to analyze the risk factors for LN metastasis. Finally, we performed an interaction effect analysis to identify the interaction effect of BRAF.

Results

The overall LN metastasis rate was 52.71% (524/994); the overall BRAF mutation rate was 26.9% (268/994). BRAF mutation rates were significantly different in LN metastasis and nonmetastasis patients (31.7% vs 21.5%; P < .001). In all 994 patients, age, body mass index (BMI), hypertension, tumor maximum diameter, BRAF mutation, tumor location, aspect ratio, calcification, and extrathyroidal invasion were risk factors for LN metastasis (P < .05). In BRAF-mutant patients, smoking, hypertension, maximum diameter, calcification, and multifocality were risk factors for LN metastasis (P < .05). In BRAF wild-type patients, age, BMI, maximum diameter, tumor location, aspect ratio, tumor shape, calcification, and extrathyroidal invasion were risk factors (P < .05). Additionally, we found statistically significant interactions between BRAF and BMI, hypertension, maximum diameter, and calcification (P < .05), suggesting the potential interaction effect of BRAF.

Conclusion

BRAF is a risk factor for LN metastasis in PTC with HT. Meanwhile, BRAF can interact with age, BMI, hypertension, and calcification, which together influence LN metastasis.
A Novel Tissue-Specific Insight into Sex Steroid Fluctuations Throughout the Murine Estrous Cycle
Authors: Unger Christian A , Hope Marion C , Aladhami Ahmed K , Cotham William E , Socia Cassidy E , Rice Barton C , Clegg Deborah J , Velázquez Kandy T , LaVoie Holly A , Hollis Fiona , Enos Reilly T
Published: November 2023

Serum sex steroid levels fluctuate throughout the reproductive cycle. However, the degree to which sex steroid tissue content mimics circulating content is unknown. Understanding the flux and physiological quantity of tissue steroid content is imperative for targeted hormonal therapy development. Utilizing a gold-standard ultrasensitive liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC/MS) method we determined sex steroid (17β-estradiol [E2], testosterone, androstenedione, and progesterone) fluctuations in serum and in 15 tissues throughout the murine estrous cycle (proestrus, estrus, and diestrus I) and in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. We observed dynamic fluctuations in serum and tissue steroid content throughout the estrous cycle with proestrus generally presenting the highest content of E2, testosterone, and androstenedione, and lowest content of progesterone. In general, the trend in circulating steroid content between the stages of the estrous cycle was mimicked in tissue. However, the absolute amounts of steroid levels when normalized to tissue weight were found to be significantly different between the tissues with the serum steroid quantity often being significantly lower than the tissue quantity. Additionally, we found that OVX mice generally displayed a depletion of all steroids in the various tissues assessed, except in the adrenal glands which were determined to be the main site of peripheral E2 production after ovary removal. This investigation provides a comprehensive analysis of steroid content throughout the estrous cycle in a multitude of tissues and serum. We believe this information will help serve as the basis for the development of physiologically relevant, tissue-specific hormonal therapies.
Ground penetrating radar scanning and historical interpretation of the location of the destroyed Epiphany Cathedral in Kyiv Brotherhood Monastery (Ukraine)
Authors: Bondar Kseniia , Taranenko Sergiy , Zatyliuk Yaroslav , Popelnytska Olena , Osinchuk Tetiana
Published: November 2023

Background The article presents results of a ground penetrating radar (GPR) scanning carried out in a site of the Epiphany Cathedral of Brotherhood Monastery in Kyiv, Ukraine, destroyed in 1936 by the Soviets. The Cathedral is known as a burial site of Hetman Petro Sahaidachnyi (1582–1622), a Ukrainian Cossack political and civic leader, guardian and patron of Kyiv Brotherhood Monastery. The collection of archival documents, blueprints, stock sources, photographs and cartographic materials of the 17th-19th centuries, as well as historical works of the 19th-21st centuries, were thoroughly analyzed and used as a basis for the interpretation of geophysical results. The set of historical data covers the period from 1615, that is, from the beginning of the construction of the wooden Epiphany Church, the predecessor of the cathedral, to the present day. Methods Summarized information about the construction, restoration after the fire, functioning and destruction of the Cathedral, as well as about the construction on its site in the 20th century, archaeological research in the 20th-21st centuries, was used to clarify possible location of hidden foundations and target GPR measurements. In this context, written testimonies of archaeologists who personally observed the foundations of the cathedral became especially valuable. The shielded GPR antennas, with a central frequency of 300 MHz and 700 MHz, is used for non-invasive investigation. Results GPR scanning specified the site and showed the best-preserved group of foundations of the western wall of the nave of the Epiphany Cathedral. Conclusions An integrated historical and geophysical study provided the basis to certify the foundation of the Epiphany Cathedral as a protected object of cultural heritage and facilitated its archaeological research.
The genome sequence of the Downland Villa bee-fly, Villa cingulata (Meigen, 1804)
Authors: Taylor Susan C. , Crowley Liam M. , Luker Sally , Harvey Martin ,   Natural History Museum Genome Acquisition Lab,   University of Oxford and Wytham Woods Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life programme,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: DNA Pipelines collective,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: November 2023

We present a genome assembly from an individual male Villa cingulata (the Downland Villa bee-fly; Arthropoda; Insecta; Diptera; Bombyliidae). The genome sequence is 412.6 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 10 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the X and Y sex chromosomes. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 22.43 kilobases in length.
On Financial Bubbles and Earthworms: Lessons from Hungary’s Rural Pyramid during its Economic Transition
Authors: Harison Elad , Mihály Nikolett
Published: November 2023

In the early 1990s, Former Eastern Bloc countries, including Hungary, experienced a broad transition from centrally-planned economies, managed by party-state bureaucracies, to privatised economies. Throughout the market liberalisation process, the Hungarian market embraced entrepreneurship as a mechanism for generating both private wealth and economic growth, despite a lack of experience and know-how in business management and financial education, made largely unavailable by the communist regime for more than 40 years. On these grounds, several Eastern European countries experienced the rise of Ponzi schemes. The Hungarian earthworm pyramid can serve as an interesting example of the financial pyramids that evolved during the transition of economies. However, some of the characteristics of the Hungarian earthworm pyramid suggest that it was a rather unique case when compared to other Eastern European pyramids during the economic transition period of post-communist nations. Our study concludes that, under different political and economic circumstances, the Hungarian bio-humus production by earthworms could potentially become a profitable venture, rather than a source for financial and societal damages.
PROCESSING TEMPERATURE EFFECT ON FAILURE BEHAVIOR OF UNIDIRECTIONAL THERMOPLASTIC POLYMER-FIBER-REINFORCED POLYMERS (PFRPS)
Authors: QIAO YAO , KO SEUNGHYUN , RAMOS JOSE L. , NICKERSON ETHAN K. , DENNY ADAM C. , SHAHWAN KHALED W. , SIMMONS KEVIN L.
Published: November 2023

This study aimed to investigate the influence of processing temperature on the mechanical and morphological properties of unidirectional (UD) thermoplastic polymer-fiber-reinforced polymers (PFRPs). These composites are known for their high recyclability and sustainability. The research focused on UD UHMWPE-polymer-fiber-reinforced HDPE composites as a specific example. To achieve this objective, UD thermoplastic PFRPs were produced through filament winding and hot-pressing techniques, employing five distinct processing temperatures within the range spanning from the melting onset temperature of the polymer matrix to the melting peak temperature of the reinforcing polymer fiber. By conducting the uni-axial tensile tests on the UD UHMWPE-polymer-fiberreinforced HDPE composites fabricated at different processing temperatures, it was shown that the optimal longitudinal tensile properties of the composites, comparable with glassfiber- reinforced thermoset or thermoplastic polymers (GFRPs or GFRTPs), can be achieved when the processing temperature does not significantly exceed the melting onset temperature of the reinforcing polymer fiber. However, when the processing temperature exceeds this threshold, the mechanical properties of the composites are significantly reduced, as evidenced by the transition in the failure morphology from the presence of significant splitting cracks to the occurrence of plastic necking due to the complete melting of the reinforcing polymer fibers in a composite. Particularly, the ductile behavior of the optimal thermoplastic PFRPs investigated in this study is superior than that of carbon-fiberreinforced thermoset or thermoplastic polymers (CFRPs or CFRTPs) and even GFRPs and GFRTPs. This study not only provides valuable insights into the proper fabrication of highperformance thermoplastic PFRPs but also offers useful experimental data that can aid in the validation and development of computational models, particularly those related to processing modeling.