bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ІНСТИТУЦІОНАЛЬНІ ОСНОВИ ЗБАЛАНСОВАНОГО ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ЗЕМЕЛЬ
Authors: ДРЕБОТ Оксана , ПАЛЯНИЧКО Ніна , ДАНЬКЕВИЧ Степан
Published: March 2020

Викладено авторське бачення вирішення проблеми досягнення збалансованого рівня використання земель лісогосподарського призначення у системі інституціональних зв’язків суспільно-економічного розвитку з урахуванням євроінтеграційних процесів. В Україні існує багато фундаментальних законів, які регулюють лісогосподарське землекористування, але неузгодженість і недостатня ефективність окремих законодавчих положень не сприяють досягненню збалансованого використання земель лісогосподарського призначення. Запропоновано шляхи вдосконалення функціонування інституціонального регулятора, зокрема, наведено конкретні пропозиції щодо розробки та внесення змін до Лісового, Земельного та Податкового кодексів України. Необхідно законодавчо закріпити, що об'єктом праці для ведення лісового господарства є землі лісогосподарського призначення. Також на сьогодні має місце неузгодженість норм окремих законів України з Лісовим та Земельним кодексами. Зокрема, Закони України «Про охорону земель», «Про державний контроль за використанням та охороною земель», «Про оцінку впливу на довкілля» необхідно доповнити нормами стосовно правових та організаційних засад оцінки впливу лісогосподарської діяльності на стан земель лісогосподарського призначення. Це сприятиме впровадженню системи правових, організаційних, економічних, технологічних та інших заходів, спрямованих на охорону земель не за наявністю біоценозу на поверхні ґрунту, а за цільовим призначенням. Необхідно розробити та прийняти Закон про ліси в Україні та Порядок використання земель лісогосподарського призначення, в основу якого доцільно покласти раціональні й апробовані принципи інтегрованого екологічного управління польського Закону (Ustawa) про ліси. У підсумку це сприятиме вирішенню ключових завдань функціонування фінансово-економічного механізму досягнення збалансованого рівня використання земель лісогосподарського призначення.
S.Eisenstadt’s civilizational analysis in the contexts of sociological theorising
Authors: Stepanenko Viktor
Published: March 2020

The article represents an overview of S. Eisenstadt's theoretical heritage, focusing on its theoretical and methodological core, that is, civilizational analysis. Theoretical sources, synthesis and links of civilizational analysis, its conceptual coordinates on the map of sociological theoretical knowledge are examined. It is argued that the formation of this theoretical direction meant the restoration of classic sociological tradition, in particular approaches indicated by E. Durkheim, M. Mauss and M. Weber to the problematic of historical civilizations. This theme has acquired its new meanings and actualizations in reflections on peculiarities and challenges of modernization from the end 1970-s in Eisenstadt’s and some other researchers’ works. Conceptual interpretation of modernity as a distinctive civilizational pattern and Eisenstadt’s concept of multiple modernities are also important aspects of this theoretical direction. The main idea of Eisenstadt’s concept of multiple modernities is a recognition of many possible patterns of modernization as a not purely Western civilization phenomenon. Some methodological implications of Eisenstadt’s civilizational analysis for the prospects of sociological research, particularly with focus on peculiarities of social transformation and modernization in Ukraine are suggested. It is argued that socio-cultural and political dynamics of Ukraine’s transformation could be analyzed as the combination of various civilizational programs. This is explained by the fact that modernization in Ukraine does not follow the classical scheme - from traditional to modern society, but rather occurs as a parallel transformation from one type of modernization (former Soviet) to another (market and democratic). In addition this transformation is undergoing in the context of the conflict between two geopolitical modernization projects – Western, European and Eurasian (“Russian world”).
Early 21st-century metatheories: A vector for modernisation of sociology
Authors: Pylypenko Valeriy , Chepurko Gulbarshyn , Privalov Yurii
Published: March 2020

The paper traces the interdisciplinary sources of sociological metatheorizing that in sociology (as in other social sciences) was a reaction to a kind of crisis of grounds, namely the hypothetical incompatibility of known models of explanation and research programs, attempts of philosophical interpretation of T. Kun’s views on the development of social sciences and dynamics of social knowledge, as well as doubts as to the possibility of supplementing knowledge through theories and laws similar to laws of natural sciences. Authors explore some factors contributing to the growth of interest in this realm during the post-Soviet era and provide a detailed overview of metatheoretical strategies established in contemporary sociology and describe the main types of metatheorizing. Furthermore, they examine opportunities offered by metatheorizing for the analysis of non-formalized data in a specific subject area or field of research. Particular attention is given to trends that characterize a shift from discourse on paradigm crisis to metatheorizing, which has been observed within the sociological community. According to the authors, to understand and study the trends of the globalized humanity and its civilizations and countries (in particular the post-Soviet ones), we need the bases of the typology of communities - not separate spheres, but the community as a whole. The authors highlight three strategies of metatheorizing in modern sociology. Integrative metatheorizing reveals general theoretical logic, to standardize the language of description and / or to develop the integrated theory. Evolutionary metatheorizing searches for trends and perspectives of sociology in a changing social world. Prospective metatheorizing is aimed at defining internally ordered, independent and relatively hermetic configurations - paradigms, research programs, models of explanation, etc. These meta-theorizing strategies help to address the problem of disciplinary fragmentation.
Social networking sites using and stress levels among the NaUKMA students
Authors: Maltseva Kateryna , Lyubenko Roman
Published: March 2020

Nowadays, the scale of the influence the social networking sites have on the daily lives of individuals are difficult to overstate. It is particularly true in the case of young people and college students. One of the notable tendencies characterizing the situation of these social cohorts in the context of social networking sites use is a marked increase in mental health problems, regardless of gender, particularly in juncture with stress level augmentation. In this vein, an empirical investigation into online networking and stress among the student population is a reasonable research step. Our present research explores the nature of the links between social websites’ use and subjective stress levels among the student body across several different majors at the National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy (Kyiv, Ukraine). The project combined qualitative and quantitative strategies of data collection and analysis. The quantitative phase of the project (a self-administered survey, n = 166) collected cognitive and behavioral data in self-reports format that were used to test a series of hypotheses exploring the relationships between the constructs discussed above. We show that most of the students surveyed in our study typically were consumers of multiple online networking services, on average investing in the activity a total of over 3 hours per day. However, our results indicate no statistically significant links between subjective stress levels and the patterns of social networking sites’ use that were the focus of our research. To further develop this research problem, it is necessary to thoroughly study the prostration of certain methods of online communication and the types of their use by the representatives of different social groups.
Benjamín Vicuña Mackenna y la ciencia: defensor de la astronomía popular en Chile a finales del siglo XIX
Authors: Ramírez-Errázuriz Verónica , Leyton-Alvarado Patricio
Published: March 2020

Benjamín Vicuña Mackenna fue un prolífico escritor y colaborador de la prensa chilena durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIX, y dentro de este quehacer dedicó varias páginas a asuntos científicos. Este trabajo analiza sus textos dedicados al saber astronómico, los que no han sido estudiados de manera específica anteriormente. La hipótesis busca demostrar que el propósito principal de Vicuña Mackenna al pronunciarse sobre astronomía en la prensa fue defender la popularización de esta ciencia, así como de otras disciplinas científicas. La perspectiva del análisis considera las propuestas de James Secord y Agustí Nieto-Galan, quienes afirman que la ciencia no sólo debe concebirse como una práctica en la que participan instituciones formales, sino también diversos grupos que componen la sociedad, siendo relevantes los “públicos” de la ciencia en cuanto agentes activos de generación de conocimiento.
Las cartas al poder. Definición y evolución de una práctica epistolar (siglos XVI al XX)
Authors: Adámez-Castro Guadalupe
Published: March 2020

Las cartas a la autoridad tienen una larga y compleja trayectoria que refleja la necesidad y las desigualdades sociales en la Historia. Desde su aparición en la Edad Antigua hasta su democratización y masificación en la Edad Contemporánea, súplicas y peticiones se han configurado como un instrumento al servicio de todos, ya que independientemente de la clase social, cultural o económica a la que se pertenezca, todos nos hemos servido de la misma en algún momento de nuestra vida, bien sea para demandar o solicitar algo a lo que consideramos tener derecho, bien sea para expresar nuestra queja ante una situación injusta. Nos encontramos, por tanto, ante una práctica epistolar con un amplio recorrido, en el que se pueden observar distintas variaciones materiales, fruto de los distintos momentos en los que son producidas y de las distintas relaciones establecidas entre el poder y la ciudadanía. Nuestro objetivo, por tanto, es definir, delimitar y analizar la evolución de dicha práctica, recogiendo para ello buena parte de los estudios que desde distintas disciplinas y tradiciones historiográficas se han realizado de esta tipología epistolar. Al mismo tiempo que apuntamos algunas de las múltiples posibilidades que nos ofrece su estudio y que todavía están por explotar.
SOCIAL COMMUNICATION OF FARMERS IN ESTABLISHING FOOD SECURITY RECOVERY
Authors: Anwar Rully Khairul , Rizal Edwin , Lusiana Elnovani
Published: March 2020

This study aimed to gain an overview of farmers' community in rural areas about a social communication model among them who have cultivated farmland from generation to generation. The qualitative and descriptive study in a village in Garut found that there were patterns of traditional communication maintained by the majority of farmers as well as open communication patterns with absorbs the modernization of development. With social communication pattern, it is clear that there are efforts to strengthen the resilience of rural communities which are sufficient dynamic to reduce the imbalance between rural and urban areas, reduce the level of dependence of the city, increase the income of farmers, and empowerment of farmers and poor communities in rural areas.
THE MANAGEMENT OF COMMUNITY EDUCATION IN RURAL AREA BY RELIGIOUS EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Mustari Mohammad
Published: March 2020

This article discusses how public education institutions such as boarding schools face the social changes brought about by modernity. The assumption is that as agents of change, of course pesantren must follow what and how modernity itself can only provide answers to society. What is mainly brought about by modernity itself is development. Therefore, social change that must be answered primarily by pesantren is a matter of development. This study found that operationally, the relationship between pesantren and rural community development, which aspires to improve the quality of human resources in the pesantren, has been carried out through the following activities: consolidation and cooperation, business links and education, and insights into the pesantren's struggle, community, and the government.
Pengaruh Suhu yang Berbeda Terhadap Tingkat Penetasan Telur Ikan Kerapu Sunu (Plactropomus leopardus)
Authors: Yani Ahmad , Wamnebo Muhammad Ikhsan
Published: March 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untu mengetahui Pengaruh suhu yang berbeda terhadap tingkat penetasan telur ikan kerapu sunu (Plactropomus leopardus). Penelitian dilaksanakan di Balai Budidaya Laut Ambon. Penelitian ini terdiri dari 3 perlakuan dan 3 kali ulangan yakni: Perlakuan A dengan suhu 30oC, Perlakuan B dengan suhu 31oC, Perlakuan C dengan suhu 32oC Masing-masing wadah setiap perlakuan diisi telur ikan kerapu sunu sebanyak 30 butir. Hasil penelitian terlihat bahwa jumlah telur dengan tingkat penetasan tertinggi diperoleh pada perlakuan A (suhu 30oC) sebanyak 270 butir, disusul oleh perlakuan B (suhu 31oC) sebanyak 267 butir dan perlakuan C (suhu 32oC) sebanyak 134 butir.
Bioenkapsulasi Karotenoid pada Skeletonema costatum dan Artemia Terhadap Pertumbuhan Larva Nila Air Payau
Authors: Ernawati  , Hamsir Hamsir
Published: March 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menentukan dosis karotenoid yang tepat terhadap perlakuan bioenkapsulasi karotenoid pakan Skeletonema costatum dan nauplius Artemia terhadap pertumbuhan larva ikan nila air payau (Oreochomis niloticus). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode rancangan acak lengkap dengan 4 perlakuan dosis karotenoid (0, 10, 15, 20 mg/L air media) dan masing-masing 3 ulangan. Pemeliharaan larva dilakukan selama

30 hari dalam wadah plastik berbentuk bundar dengan volume 50 L berjumlah 12 unit masing-masing dilengkapi filterisasi. Pemberian pakan Skeletonema costatum 300.000 ind/L dan nauplius artemia 500.000 ind/L dengan frekuensi pemberian pakan 2 kali sehari yaitu pada pukul 08.00 dan 17.00 WITA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kandungan karotenoid Skletonema costatum tertinggi yaitu 55,47 ppm terdapat pada dosis 20 mg/L, kandungan karotenoid artemia 7,181 ppm pada dosis 20 mg/L, kandungan karotenoid larva ikan nila air payau tertinggi 2,33 ppm pada dosis 15 mg/L. Laju pertumbuhan panjang dan bobot tubuh tertinggi yaitu 1,65 cm dan 0,2483 % terdapat pada perlakuan B (10 ppm). Dosis 10 - 15 mg/L karotenoid mampu diserap dan dirubah oleh larva menjadi vitamin A sehingga mampu meningkatkan laju pertumbuhan larva ikan nila air payau.
The Kajian Penggunaan Alat Penangkap Ikan Cantrang di Wilayah Pengelolaan Perikanan Republik Indonesia
Authors: Sepri  , Slamet Budi Prayitno
Published: March 2020

Pemanfaatan sumber daya ikan di Wilayah Pengelolaan Perikanan Negara Republik Indonesia (WPPNRI), pada beberapa wilayah berada dalam status fully exploited tidak dapat dilepaskan dari penggunaan alat tangkap yang tidak ramah lingkungan dan modifikasi alat tangkap. Alat penangkap ikan yang mempunyai potensi merusak biota laut dan ekosistem ikan adalah salah satunya adalah cantrang. Penarikan jaring menyebabkan terjadinya pengadukan dasar perairan, menimbulkan dampak signifikan terhadap ekositem bawah laut. Penelitian ini untuk melihat dan mengkaji persoalan pelarangan cantrang. Metode pendekatan yuridis-normatif, menggunakan data sekunder, dianalisis secara kualitatif dan menggunakan metode deduktif untuk menarik kesimpulan. Cantrang menjadi alat tangkap yang dikategorikan merusak lingkungan disebabkan karena adanya perubahan dari struktur alat tangkap tersebut dan teknik pengoperasian yang tidak sesuai. Permasalahan alat tangkap cantrang bukanlah terletak pada alatnya, tetapi pada operasionalnya.
Identifikasi Asam Lemak Minyak Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus), Hasil Permurnian Menggunakan Kombinasi Arang Aktif dan Bentonit
Authors: Sumartini  , Supriyanto  , Pudji Hastuti
Published: March 2020

Kegiatan industri pengolahan perikanan umumnya menghasilkan limbah yang dibuang begitu saja sehingga tidak mengalami pemanfaatan kembali. Adapun komponen dari limbah ikan terdiri dari kepala, tulang-ekor, kulit, dan isi perut yang bisa dimanfaatkan sebagai minyak ikan. Salah satu faktor kendala dalam pemanfaatan minyak ikan sebagai bahan baku bagi product intermediate adalah sulitnya dalam melakukan rasio perbandingan antara minyak ikan dengan bahan lain, sehingga perlunya mengetahui komposisi asam lemak sebagai referensi formulasi aplikasi pemanfaatan limbah minyak ikan nila. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif yakni mengidentifikasi asam lemak pada minyak ikan nila. Analisa data menggunakan data kromatogram Gas Chromatography (GC). Berdasarkan hasil analisa bahwa komposisi asam lemak dari limbah minyak ikan nila sebagai berikut: asam lemak jenuh yang dominan adalah asam lemak palmitat sebanyak 20,96%, asam lemak tidak jenuh tunggal yang dominan adalah asam lemak oleat sebanyak 22,63%, dan asam lemak tidak jenuh ganda yang dominan adalah asam lemak linoleat sebanyak 16,77%. Sedangkan komponen asam lemak EPA dan DHA ditemukan dalam jumlah sangat kecil yakni kurang dari 0,01 %.
Preferensi Parameter Oseanografi (SPL dan klorofil-a) Terhadap Hasil Tangkapan Ikan Cakalang di Perairan Pulau Misool dan Fakfak
Authors: Mustasim Mustasim  , Zainuddin Mukti , Syafruddin  , Sutono Dian
Published: March 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis preferensi parameter oseanografi (SPL dan klorofil-a) terhadap hasil tangkapan ikan cakalang di perairan Pulau Misool dan Fakfak. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada Maret – Mei 2015 di Perairan Pulau Misool dan Fakfak, data berupa hasil tangkapan Maret – Mei 2015, SPL dan klorofil-a diperoleh dari citra satelit MODIS-Terra. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan Softwere ArcGis 10.2, ENVI 5.1. dan softwere ORIGIN Versi 8.5.1. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa preferensi SPL dan konsentrasi klorofil-a terhadap ikan cakalang pada bulan Maret – Mei 2015 berada pada kisaran 29,50 – 30,50°C dan konsentrasi klorofil-a sekitar 0,10 – 0,20 mg/m3 .
Perceptions of Fishermen Communities Against the Establishment of Conservation Areas in Pongok Island, South Bangka
Authors: Adi Catur Pramono , Sutono Dian , Umaroh  , Mustasim
Published: March 2020

Pongok Island is an island that has the potential of coastal ecosystems, namely mangrove, seagrass, and coral reef ecosystems and the presence of fishing by using bombs and potassium which require a management so that mangrove, seagrass, coral reef and fish ecosystems can be utilized sustainably. The management in question is the establishment of a conservation area that involves fishing communities so that an assessment of the community's perception of the determination of conservation areas is needed. This study aims to determine the perception of fishing communities towards the establishment of conservation areas. This research was conducted in December 2014 in Pongok Island, South Bangka. The selection of respondents was done by using purposive sampling. The variables studied are knowledge of conservation, community opinion about conservation location, type of ecosystem that is commonly conserved, knowledge of matters related to the determination of marine conservation, and community support for the determination of conservation areas. The data used are primary data and secondary data. Data analysis used is descriptive analysis to explain the perception of the fishing community towards the determination of conservation areas. The results of the study show that public perception is quite good because the highest percentage of assessment level is found in the assessment criteria agree and strongly agree.
Analisis dan Pemodelan Pencemaran Timbulan Sampah Menggunakan Aplikasi Integrated Waste Management 2 (IWM2) di Kawasan Pesisir Waha Raya, Kabupaten Wakatobi
Authors: Sejati Tassakka Muhammad Irpan , Kusuma Admaja Alfi , Alsita Indah , Apriliana Runtu Kezia Gloria , Rahmadani Martina
Published: March 2020

Kawasan Pesisir Waha Raya merupakan 3 dari 90 desa pesisir di Wakatobi dan termasuk dalam zona pemanfaatan wisata. Saat ini, pengelolaan sampah dari aktivitas masyarakat di sana masih belum optimal. Hal ini dapat berdampak pada kualitas ekosistem pesisir dan nilai ekonomi wisata. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengestimasi jumlah timbulan sampah, memodelkan dampak pencemaran pada air dan udara akibat timbulan sampah, serta merekomendasikan alternatif sistem pengolahan sampah berkelanjutan di Kawasan Pesisir Waha Raya. Metode pengambilan dan pengukuran contoh timbulan dan komposisi sampah menggunakan metode SNI 19-3964-1994, sedangkan metode analisis sistem pengelolaan sampah menggunakan aplikasi Integrated Wasted Management 2 (IWM2). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata timbulan sampah yang dihasilkan di Waha Raya yaitu 1,875 ton/hari atau 0,72 kg/orang/hari. Setelah memodelkan dampak pencemaran pada air dan udara dalam 4 skenario, ditemukan bahwa skenario ke-4 mampu mereduksi zat pencemar partikulat di udara sebanyak 104,8 kg/tahun; CO2 sebesar 102.6 kg/tahun; CH4 36.0 kg/tahun; dan GWP 861.3 kg/tahun. Skenario ke- 4 juga mampu mereduksi tingkat pencemaran air yaitu BOD sebesar 146 kg/tahun, COD sebesar 437 kg/tahun, SS sebesar 24 kg/tahun, dan Fe2+ sebesar 42 kg/tahun. Hasil tersebut mengindikasikan bahwa penerapan skenario 4 di Kawasan Waha Raya dapat menjadi alternatif pengolahan sampah berkelanjutan.
Inovasi Pembuatan Probiotik dari Limbah Pengolahan Ikan Jambal Roti
Authors: Herry  , Wahyuni Tri , Wijayanti Eka , Arumsari Kusuma , Nusaibah
Published: March 2020

Produksi ikan asin jambal roti menghasilkan produk utama berupa fillet daging ikan asin dan produk sampingan berupa isi perut ikan. produk sampingan ini biasanya dibuang dan menjadi masalah di lingkungan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memanfaatkan produk sampingan tersebut untuk dibuat probiotik yang kemudian dimanfaatkan untuk meningkatkan produksi budidaya ikan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimental dengan tiga perlakuan dengan dosis isi perut ikan jambal 5%, 10% dan 15%. Parameter pengujian yang digunakan meliputi uji mutu bakteri probiotik dan aplikasi probioik pada ikan lele. Dari hasil penelitian didapat kandungan bakteri non pathogen, Lactobacillus sp. dan Bacillus sp. Kelimpahan bakteri probiotik pada masing - masing perlakuan pada kisaran 105 CFU/ml sesuai standar kandungan bakteri dalam probiotik komersil. Aplikasi probiotik pada ikan lele menghasilkan kelangsungan hidup (SR) pada dosis 5% ; 10%; 15 sebesar 90%; 93%; 95% dan efisiensi pakan (FCR) sebesar 0,92; 0,90; 0,82. Hasil terbaik ditunjukkan pada penggunaan probiotik dosis 15% dengan menghasilkan FCR yang lebih rendah dan SR yang lebih tinggi.
Immune status markers dynamics during rotational diet therapy in obesity
Authors: Gapparova Camilat M. , Chekhonina Yulia G. , Sentsova Tatyana B. , Vorozhko Ilya V. , Lapik Irina A.
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND: Сhronic immune inflammation in obesity is pathogenetically associated with the development insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome. However, there are a number of works devoted to the relationship of obesity and allergic diseases, in which data were obtained on models of bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis. In obesity against a background of chronic immune inflammation, a more severe course of concomitant allergic disease is observed, accompanied by an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. In this regard, obesity and food allergies should be considered from the standpoint of comorbidity, and the study of immune status markers dynamics in obese patients with concomitant food allergies at the background of diet therapy will create prerequisites for determining the criteria of the effectiveness of the treatment.
AIM: To study the of immune status markers dynamics on the background of rotational diet therapy for obesity.
METHODS: A single-site, randomized controlled trial was conducted. The duration of observation of the patients was 14 days. There were 68 patients with obesity, aged 47.4 5.4 years, randomly divided into 2 homogeneous groups. Levels of allergen-specific IgG to 90 food allergens were measured to all patients of the main group by enzyme immunoassay method. The comparison group received a standard low-calorie diet. In both groups, the levels of pro-inflammatory markers (IL-1, TNF, IL-6) were determined using commercial Biosource kits (Belgium).
RESULTS: In evaluating of the cytokine status and the level of non-specific markers of inflammation at the initial stage of the study, patients with a body mass index above 35 showed a significant increase in concentrations of C-reactive protein, IL-1, and IL-6. Analysis of allergen-specific IgG to 90 food allergens showed that food intolerance was found often to milk, dairy products, gluten. Analyzing the dynamics of the level of pro-inflammatory markers during treatment, a significant decrease in the level of CRP, IL-6, IL-1 was detected in the main group 15 % (p 0.05), 14 % (p 0.05), 10 % respectively, while in the comparison group the decrease in the level of IL-6 was 9 %, IL-1 by 6 %,CRP by 10 % (p 0.05).
CONCLUSION: In patients with obesity with concomitant food intolerance there are changes in the immune status in the form of increased levels of pro-inflammatory markers. During the observation a more significant decrease was found in the studied parameters in the main group was detected at the background of rotational diet therapy in relation to the comparison group. The decrease in the concentrations of the studied markers in the serum during the study is an indicator of the effectiveness of rotational diet therapy.
Data analysis of a pilot screening program for the early detection of esophageal and gastric cancers: retrospective study
Authors: Smailova Dariga S. , Ibrayev Serik E. , Muzafarov Satybaldy N. , Samarova Umutzhan S. , Khismetova Zaituna A. , Rakhimzhanova Farida S. , Fabbro Elisa
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND: According to the WHO, in 2018 stomach cancer was the fifth and esophageal cancer seventh most common cancer in the world. In 2011 the National Screening Program for the Early Detection of Breast, Cervical, and Colorectal Cancer was introduced in Kazakhstan. In 2013 a pilot screening program for the early detection of esophageal and stomach cancers was introduced in Kazakhstan in some regions where there is a low detectability.
AIM: Determination of the main causes of low detection of esophageal and stomach cancers in the framework of a pilot screening program in Pavlodar region (Kazakhstan).
METHODS: According to the Ministry of Healthcare of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the target group for screening to detect esophageal and stomach cancers was men and women at the aged of 50, 52, 54, 56, 58 and 60 who were not registered as a cancer patient. A retrospective analysis was carried out according to the newly diagnosed cases of esophageal and stomach cancers in Pavlodar region for 20132017. All cases of esophageal and stomach cancers were analyzed to determine the proportion of new cases detected as part of a pilot screening program.
RESULTS: 1114 new cases of esophageal and stomach cancers are registered from 2013 to 2017 in Pavlodar region. According to the data in Pavlodar region the average age of newly diagnosed patients with esophageal and stomach cancers was 66 years, M = 65.92 (95 % CI: 65.2466.59) SD = 11.495. During pilot screening program, 135 042 participants were examined; various pathological processes of the esophageal and stomach cancers were detected among 1678 patients, including 97 cancer cases. The detectability of esophageal and stomach cancers from the total number of participants was 0.07 %. Out of 1114 all registered new cases of esophageal and stomach cancers, only 97 new diagnosed cases detected as part of a pilot screening program, reaching 8.7 %, which is considered low.
CONCLUSIONS: The main reasons for low detection are administrative barriers. The main barrier of the pilot screening program was the selection of the target group at the age of 50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60 years old only. Therefore, 15.5 % of newly diagnosed cases of esophageal and stomach cancers were missed due to existing intervals. The second barrier was the use of endoscopes which did not support the function of photo and video archiving of the conducted procedures.
Exploring Gender Differences in Student Evaluations of Faculty in a Graduate Clinical Translational Research Program
Authors: Greenberg-Worisek Alexandra J , Cornelius Katherine E. , Weavers Karen , Enders Felicity
Published: March 2020

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. There has long been an underrepresentation of women in medicine and biomedical research; this is often described as a "leaky pipeline," as the more senior the level of rank, the fewer women are appointed. In evaluating a faculty member for promotion, student evaluations of faculty teaching are often considered; therefore, if gender biases are reinforced by student evaluations of teaching, the gender gap in faculty promotion could remain or increase. In this study, we examine student evaluations of faculty teaching in a graduate biomedical research training program, using data gathered during two academic years. While female faculty received higher quantitative ratings of teaching, subtle gender differences in language existed in the student comments, indicating that implicit biases about women may be present in student evaluations of faculty teaching.
REPRODUCTION AND HABITAT OF TEN BRAZILIAN FROGS (ANURA)
Authors: Giaretta Ariovaldo A. , Facure Katia G.
Published: March 2020

Basic data on habitat, behavior, and reproduction arelacking for most Neotropical frog species and even highertaxonomic groups (Crump 1974; Haddad and Prado2005), particularly for those restricted to the AtlanticForest. Basic reproductive features are the basis of comparativestudies on evolution of major natural historyfeatures (Harvey and Pagel 1998), such as the interspecific relationship between body size and egg number/size (Salthe and Duellman 1973, Crump 1974, Stearns1992). Here, we present data on habitat, reproductivebehavior and quantitative parameters such as adult sizes,egg numbers/sizes of ten sympatric frogs of an altitudinalAtlantic Forest site in Southeastern Brazil.
THE LECTOTYPE AND TYPE LOCALITY OF CANDOIA CARINATA (REPTILIA, SERPENTES)
Authors: Bohme Wolfgang , Smith Hobart M. , Rybak John , Van Breukelen Frank , Chiszar David
Published: March 2020

The lectotype of Boa carinata Schneider, 1801, has been rediscovered and is now ZMFK35503, having been transferred in 1977 from the Göttingen Museum, its original location. Its typelocality has not been reported previously, but is indicated as “Amboina” on a label with the lectotype.The specimen is redescribed and fi gured, and conforms with expectations for material from the vicinityof the type locality. A brief history of Schneider and of the syntypes of Boa carinata, now Candoiacarinata, is reviewed.
CHARACTER ASSESSMENT, GENUS LEVEL BOUNDARIES, AND PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSES OF THE FAMILY RHACOPHORIDAE:
Authors: Wilkinson Jeffery A. , Drewes Robert C.
Published: March 2020

The first comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the family Rhacophoridae was conducted by Liem (1970) scoring 81 species for 36 morphological characters. Channing (1989), in a reanalysis of Liem’s study, produced a phylogenetic hypothesis different from that of Liem. We compared the two studies and produced a third phylogenetic hypothesis based on the same characters. We also present the synapomorphic characters from Liem that define the major clades and each genus within the family. Finally, we summarize intergeneric relationships within the family as hypothesized by other studies, and the family’s current status as it relates to other ranoid families.
EFFECTS OF COVER BOARD AGE, SEASON, AND HABITAT ON THE OBSERVED ABUNDANCE OF EASTERN RED-BACKED SALAMANDERS (PLETHODON CINEREUS)
Authors: Smith Geoffrey R. , Grasser Cody N
Published: March 2020

Plethodontid salamanders are potentially good ecological indicator species in woodland habitats due to their abundance and sensitivity to changes in the environment. The use of terrestrial salamanders as ecological indicators depends on effective means of surveying their abundance and distribution. Our study examined the use of old and new artificial cover boards by Eastern Red-backed Salamanders (Plethodon cinereus). We also considered the effects of season (spring vs. fall) and habitat type (deciduous vs. coniferous vs. mixed) on cover board use by P. cinereus. Our results indicated that P. cinereus abundance was greater under old cover boards compared to new cover boards. However, the difference between the use of old and new cover boards was greater during the spring than the fall, suggesting that the effect of cover board age became weaker over time. Plethodon cinereus showed strong seasonal variation in observed abundance, with peaks during the spring and fall seasons and very low surface activity during the summer. Plethodon cinereus had higher observed abundance in deciduous habitats than in coniferous and mixed habitats. Our results suggested that care should be taken to account for cover board age in long-term monitoring programs, especially if cover boards are replaced during a study.
CHEMICAL SIGNALS IN VERTEBRATE PREDATOR-PREY SYSTEMS INVOLVING COMMON MUSK TURTLES, STERNOTHERUS ODORATUS, AND THEIR PREDATORS
Authors: Moll Don , Dazet Neil
Published: March 2020

Rathke’s gland secretions (RGS) of Common Musk Turtles have a variety of proposed functions including predator deterrence and attraction, but experimental studies testing these hypotheses are lacking. This study used laboratory and field experiments to test whether RGS had attraction or repellent effects on two natural predators, the Cottonmouth (Agkistrodon piscivorus), and the Common Snapping Turtle (Chelydra serpentina). In a laboratory experiment, we examined latency to feed and consumption times for Cottonmouths offered RGS-treated minnows and control minnows. In a field study, we investigated the ratio of snapping turtles appearing in traps with and without RGS-treated bait. The latency to feed times for Cottonmouths offered RGS-treated minnows were not significantly different from those offered control minnows. However, prey consumption times for Cottonmouths feeding on RGS-treated minnows were significantly greater than those feeding on control minnows. These results suggest that the RGS may lengthen the time of a predation sequence, possibly allowing the turtle more time to escape from the predator. The number of snapping turtles appearing in traps with RGS-treated bait was significantly greater than the number of snapping turtles in traps without RGS-treated bait. These results support the predator attraction hypothesis, where the signal may attract additional predators that interfere with a predation event, providing an opportunity for the prey to escape.
NEW AND UPDATED RECORDS FOR AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES IN MINNESOTA, USA
Authors: Smith Christopher E. , Hall Carol D. , Hoaglund Erica P. , Larson Krista A. , Leclere Jeffrey B.
Published: March 2020

Following the publication of the revised edition of “Amphibians and Reptiles in Minnesota” by Moriarty and Hall (2014), we accessioned several new or updated records at the Bell Museum of Natural History (JFBM). Records include digital photographs (accession number preceded by “P”) and audio recordings (accession number preceded by “AUD”). In addition, a subset of these observations were accessioned in www.HerpMapper.org. HerpMapper accession numbers are preceded by “HM” and can be viewed online. Benjamin Lowe verified species determinations. Latitude and longitude coordinates are based on datum WGS 84.
RESURRECTED RECORDS
Authors: Carlson Bradley E. , Parker William S.
Published: March 2020

Current and historic records of species occurrences in particular localities enable researchers to monitor changes in species distribution and abundance. While current fauna can be documented with sufficient effort, missing historical records represent data that can never again be obtained. It is with this importance in mind that we report for the first time records of eight reptile species in Montgomery County, Indiana, USA, that were documented in 1964, though no vouchered specimens persist. These species include: Sternotherus odoratus, Terrapene carolina carolina, Chrysemys picta marginata, Apalone spinifera spinifera, Thamnophis sauritus sauritus, Storeria dekayi wrightorum, Lampropeltis calligaster, Lampropeltis triangulum. We also provide a list of the 23 currently documented reptile species that occur (or have occurred recently) in Montgomery County.
UPDATED GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTIONS OF MICHIGAN HERPETOFAUNA:
Authors: Phillips John G.
Published: March 2020

Recently a comprehensive overview of reptiles and amphibians in Michigan was published. Unfortunately, the distributions of the species represented were compiled before widespread accessibility to technological tools providing greater access to museum and historical records as well as citizen science efforts. To update the known ranges of Michigan herpetofauna, published literature, museum collections, and photographic vouchers submitted to an online database were examined and 339 new county and island records were added, updating the maps for 48 of Michigan’s 55 known species of reptiles and amphibians. I also present the first published list of Michigan amphibians that includes two new plethodontid salamanders, the Northern Dusky Salamander (Desmognathus fuscus) and Southern Two-lined Salamander (Eurycea cirrigera). This paper serves as an example of the wealth of information available to scientists that may have previously been unobtainable, and can be used for the distribution of herpetofauna elsewhere.
Qual a influência do veganismo no setor agroalimentar?
Authors: Schinaider Anelise Daniela , Silva Leonardo Xavier da , Costa Marielen Aline Costa da , Schinaider Alessandra Daiana
Published: March 2020

As formas alternativas de consumo baseadas em diferentes posições relacionadas às dietas alimentares, tais como o veganismo, vegetarianismo, vêm crescendo sua popularidade, aumentando o número de adeptos ao movimento e protagonizando o bem-estar dos animais. Ressalta-se que o mercado vegano está relacionado à produção de alimentos. Nesse sentido, objetivou-se descrever a influência do veganismo no setor agroalimentar. Para atender o objetivo, foi realizada uma análise sistemática e bibliométrica das pesquisas científicas publicadas nas bases de dados Web of ScienceTM e Scielo. Dessa forma, foram encontrados 23 artigos científicos que continham as palavras-chave vegan* e agri* em título, resumo ou palavra-chave no documento. Percebe-se que os resultados dos artigos se relacionam a dieta alimentar vegana com a produção de alimentos, uma vez que as pesquisas sugerem mudanças no nome dos produtos que complementam a dieta alimentar, a fim de educar os consumidores sobre escolhas alimentares mais saudáveis. Ainda, a dieta vegana está associada por três motivos: direito dos animais, bem-estar pessoal e/ou à saúde e meio ambiente. Concluiu-se que a conexão que o veganismo tem com o setor agroalimentar incorpora nas cadeias produtivas alimentares, refletindo no aspecto econômico, social e ambiental entre as nações, proporcionando uma dieta alternativa sustentável e de consumo consciente aos consumidores que adotam esse novo estilo de vida.
Análise espacial do custo de reposição de nutrientes do solo em uma bacia hidrográfica
Authors: Silva Darllan Collins da Cunha e , Sales Jomil Costa Abreu , Simonetti Vanessa Cezar , Lourenço Roberto Wagner
Published: March 2020

Para obter o valor econômico de um recurso ambiental é necessário estimar o seu valor monetário em relação aos outros bens/serviços disponíveis na economia. No entanto, os métodos de valoração ambiental utilizados atualmente são relativamente novos e as variáveis envolvidas no processo podem não ser conhecidas ou serem parcialmente conhecidas. Um desses métodos é o do Custo de Reposição que busca calcular o valor da reparação a partir de um dano já provocado. Partindo desse pressuposto, o objetivo principal deste estudo foi aplicar o método custo de reposição na valoração econômica da perda de nutrientes por erosão do solo na bacia hidrográfica do Rio Una (SP), a partir do uso de geoprocessamento para avaliar espacialmente a área de estudo. Foram coletadas 35 amostras e quantificados os seguintes nutrientes do solo: Ca, Mg, P e o K. Suas concentrações foram espacializadas e estimada a perda anual e o custo para a reposição destes. Em mais de 89% da área de estudo o custo para reposição do K, P, Ca e Mg a partir dos três fertilizantes utilizados (cloreto de potássio, superfosfato simples e calcário dolomítico) foi de até 0,01 reais por m², sendo que o custo total para reposição foi de 352.846,43 reais. A espacialização dos custos para reposição permitiu inferir quais áreas merecem maior atenção do poder público quanto à fiscalização e proposição de medidas sustentáveis.
Ajuste e seleção de modelos volumétricos de espécies comerciais no município de Ipixuna (PA)
Authors: Ameida Marcos Renato Dantas de , Silva José Natalino Macedo , Barros Paulo Luíz Contente de , Almeida Elisamar da Silva , Silva Diego Amando Silva da , Sousa Carla Samara Campelo de
Published: March 2020

A determinação de equações para estimar com precisão o volume de árvores comercias é importante não somente para a tomada de decisão sobre o uso da floresta, como também para o estabelecimento de políticas públicas de fiscalização, monitoramento e controle dos recursos naturais, sua valoração e análises de investimento. Neste trabalho objetivou-se desenvolver equações de volume para uma Floresta Ombrófila Densa, no município de Ipixuna, região nordeste do Estado do Pará. Determinou-se o volume real de 296 árvores-amostra pelo método de Smalian. Dessas, foram selecionadas 46 árvores para constituir um banco de dados para a validação das equações. Foram testados 12 modelos matemáticos, sendo seis de simples entrada e seis de dupla entrada. Entre os modelos testados de simples entrada o que apresentou a melhor qualidade de ajuste foi o modelo de Hohenald e Krenn resultando na equação v = 5,29918-0,1374d+0,00010d² (R²aj. = 0,84, Sy.x% = 19,81; DMP% = -3,63) e o de dupla entrada foi o de Schumacher e Hall de equação Logv = -3,7657+1,9242.logd+0,7540.logh, (R²aj. = 0,96, Sy.xr% = 10,46, DMP% = -0,34). Após a validação das equações selecionadas recomenda-se o uso do modelo de Schumacher e Hall para estimar o volume de árvores comerciais em pé no município de Ipixuna (PA) por ter maior precisão do ajustamento.
Adequação ambiental e aptidão florestal em quatro municípios do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Mariano Willian Alison , Barroso Deborah Guerra , Villa Ester Bulich , Santos Diego Pereira , Figueiredo Fábio Afonso Mazzei Moura de Assis
Published: March 2020

Foi feito o monitoramento de propriedades assistidas pelo projeto Semeando o Verde: conservação ambiental, trabalho e renda (Convênio UENF/FNMA) para caracterizar o nível de adequação ambiental das pequenas propriedades rurais localizadas na região Norte (Campos dos Goytacazes e Conceição de Macabú) e Serrana (Santa Maria Madalena e Nova Friburgo) no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Nas visitas, além da avaliação do nível de adequação ambiental das propriedades, conforme legislação vigente foi feita a caracterização do perfil dos produtores e o interesse destes por plantios florestais. Foram identificadas áreas de nascentes, rios, encostas, matas e capoeiras e definidas as demandas dos produtores. Há necessidade de adequação ambiental em aproximadamente 100% das propriedades dos municípios visitados, com demanda variando de 2285 a 4943 mudas por propriedade entre os quatro municípios monitorados. O interesse dos entrevistados em espécies florestais está dirigido para aquelas que representam algum rendimento econômico, havendo pouco interesse nos serviços ambientais.
Avaliação do grau de satisfação de associados de uma cooperativa de grãos do Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Bis Caroline Oliveira , Salazar Rodrigo Fernando dos Santos , Mera Cláudia Maria Prudêncio de , Bortolotto Rafael Pivotto , Salazar Ludmila Noskoski , Zamberlan João Fernando
Published: March 2020

Um dos setores que menos tem sentido a desaceleração da economia brasileira é o agronegócio. Este setor conta com uma grande participação de organizações do tipo cooperativas, formadas pela união jurídica de pessoas com um objetivo comum: o sucesso, a produtividade e benefícios econômicos e sociais. Entretanto, o sucesso da gestão de um negócio depende de inúmeros fatores mercadológicos e sociais; dentre eles, pode-se destacar o grau de fidelidade do cliente e/ou associado ao empreendimento. Neste sentido, o presente estudo buscou identificar o nível de satisfação dos associados de uma cooperativa agropecuária da Região Norte do Rio Grande do Sul. Para tanto, efetuou-se uma pesquisa do tipo descritiva com abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa usando como instrumento de coleta de dados um questionário semiestruturado. Observou-se que em sua maioria os associados adquirem insumos da cooperativa e, no geral, encontram-se satisfeitos com os serviços e produtos oferecidos pela cooperativa agropecuária em que são associados. Entretanto, foram verificadas observações dos associados que permitem inferir que a melhoria contínua nos serviços prestados deve ser menos dependente do poder aquisitivo do cooperado. Por fim, conclui-se que a cooperativa agropecuária estudada possui elevado grau de satisfação, bem como a intenção destes associados em continuar participando da mesma.
Caracterização e percepção ambiental da comunidade na zona de amortecimento do Parque Estadual Vitório Piassa, Pato Branco (PR)
Authors: Signorati Adrieli , Bechara Fernando Campanhã , Longhi Solon Jonas , Bosquilia Raoni Wainer Duarte
Published: March 2020

As Unidades de Conservação (UCs) são compreendidas como o espaço territorial e seus recursos ambientais, instituídas pelo poder público, as quais se aplicam garantias de proteção. Os Parques Estaduais necessitam obrigatoriamente de uma Zona de Amortecimento (ZA). A ZA consiste no entorno de uma UC, onde as atividades humanas estão submetidas a normas e restrições específicas, no qual se tem o intuito de reduzir os impactos negativos. Uma das dificuldades para a proteção dos ambientes naturais é a própria percepção e valores dos indivíduos da comunidade. Trabalhos que avaliam a percepção ambiental servem como instrumentos educativos e transformadores, quando propiciam às condições de reflexão da relação homem-meio ambiente. O objetivo desse trabalho foi diagnosticar a percepção ambiental da comunidade do entorno do Parque Estadual Vitório Piassa, Pato Branco (PR) e seus atores sociais. Foi estabelecida uma ZA de 500 m de buffer, e depois classificado seu uso e ocupação do solo. Aplicou-se um questionário (n = 143) e realizou-se uma análise estatística descritiva e multivariada. As respostas foram distintas em função das classes de análises (sexo, idade, residência, renda familiar, escolaridade e profissão), especialmente quanto à residência. Os órgãos gestores e a população municipal devem ser sensibilizados, utilizando o Parque para conservação da natureza, educação ambiental, ecoturismo e contemplação da natureza, e não visar simplesmente o lazer de massa de alto impacto ambiental.