bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neuroscience as a basis for HR practices
Authors: Paterson Sue
Published: August 2016

Purpose

The purpose of the paper is to show how insights from recent research in neuroscience into how the human brain works helps to understand how HR practices can be more effective.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper is based on the book “The Fear-Free Organization: Vital insights from neuroscience to transform your business culture” by Brown et al. (2015) published by Kogan Page.

Findings

HR practitioners need to understand that all human thought, action and feeling are based on emotion. HR practices that trigger emotions related to escape/avoidance (fear, anger, disgust, shame and sadness) are counter-productive because the individual will focus on surviving rather than thriving. It is much more effective to engage the emotions related to attachment/growth (excitement/joy and trust/love).

Practical implications

Practical examples are given for HR practices in recruitment, resourcing, performance appraisal, leadership training and change programmes.

Originality/value

The article is one of the first to explicitly link the effectiveness of HR practices with understanding how the human brain works, based on insights from neuroscience.
A dose–response estimate for acute alcohol use and risk of suicide attempt
Authors: Borges Guilherme , Cherpitel Cheryl J. , Orozco Ricardo , Ye Yu , Monteiro Maristela , Hao Wei , Benegal Vikram
Published: August 2016

This study reports dose–response estimates for the relative risk and population attributable risk (PAR) between acute alcohol use and serious suicide attempt. Data were analyzed on 272 suicide attempters arriving at 38 emergency departments within 6 hours of the event in 17 countries. Case‐crossover analysis, pair‐matching the number of standard drinks consumed within the 6 hours prior to the suicide attempt with that consumed during the same 6‐hour period of the previous week, was performed using fractional polynomial analysis for dose–response. Every drink increased the risk of a suicide attempt by 30 percent; even one–two drinks was associated with a sizable increase in the risk of a serious suicide attempt, and a dose–response was found for the relationship between drinking 6 hours prior and the risk of a suicide attempt up to 20 drinks. Acute use of alcohol was responsible for 35 percent PAR of all suicide attempts. While very high levels of drinking were associated with larger relative risk s of suicide attempt, the control and reduction of smaller quantities of acute alcohol use also had an impact on population levels of suicide attempt, as showed here for the first time with our PAR estimates. Interventions to stop drinking or at least decrease levels of consumption could reduce the risk of suicide attempt. Screening people more at risk to suffer these acute effects of ethanol and offering interventions that work to these high‐risk groups are a matter of urgent new research in the area.
Poor validity of the routine diagnosis of necrotising enterocolitis in preterm infants at discharge
Authors: Juhl SM , Hansen ML , Fonnest G , Gormsen M , Lambæk ID , Greisen G
Published: August 2016

Aim

Necrotising enterocolitis contributes considerably to the mortality of preterm infants, but most questions remain unsolved after decades of extensive research. This Danish study investigated the validity of necrotising enterocolitis diagnoses at discharge according to Bell's staging system.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective single‐centre cohort study of 714 preterm infants with a gestational age of less than 30 weeks born in 2006–2013. The infants were diagnosed with necrotising enterocolitis according to Bell's stages 2–3 at discharge and in retrospect by an expert panel, which served as our gold standard.

Results

The sensitivity of necrotising enterocolitis diagnosed at discharge was 0.72–0.75 depending on whether spontaneous intestinal perforation was included as necrotising enterocolitis or not. The positive predictive value of the diagnosis was 0.49–0.61. The incidence was significantly higher when diagnosed at discharge than when diagnosed by the expert panel (11.1 versus 9.0%, p = 0.03). The mortality rate for infants who were underdiagnosed at discharge was 50.0%, and it was 25.8% for infants who were overdiagnosed (p = 0.10).

Conclusion

We found poor validity for the discharge diagnosis of necrotising enterocolitis. In future, a better way of defining the disease is needed for large‐scale epidemiologic research.
Comparison of models for genetic evaluation of number of inseminations to conception in Danish Holstein cows
Authors: Guo Gang , Hou Yali , Zhang Yuan , Su Guosheng
Published: August 2016

Number of inseminations to conception (NINS), an important fertility trait, requires appropriate approaches for genetic evaluation due to its non‐normal distribution and censoring records. In this study, we analyzed NINS in 474 837 Danish Holstein cows at their first lactation by using seven models which deal with the categorical phenotypes and censored records in different manners, further assessed these models with regard to stability, lack of bias and accuracy of prediction. The estimated heritability from four models based on original NINS specified as a linear Gaussian model, categorical threshold model, threshold linear model and survival model were similar (0.031‐0.037). While for the other three models based on the binary response derived from NINS, referred as threshold model (TM), logistic and probit models (LOGM and PROM), the heritability were estimated as 0.027, 0.063 and 0.027, respectively. The model comparison concluded that different models could lead to slightly different sire rankings in terms of breeding values; a more complicated model led to less stability of prediction; the models based on the binary response derived from NINS (TM, LOGM and PROM) had slightly better performances in terms of unbiased and accurate prediction of breeding values.
The differential impact of natural killer (NK) cell education via KIR2DL3 and KIR3DL1 on CCL4 secretion in the context ofin-vitroHIV infection
Authors: Lisovsky I , Isitman G , Tremblay-McLean A , Song R , DaFonseca S , Lebouchẻ B , Routy J-P , Bruneau J , Bernard N F
Published: August 2016

Carriage of certain inhibitory natural killer (NK) cell receptor (iNKR)/HLA ligand pairs is associated with protection from infection and slow time to AIDS implicating NK cells in HIV control. NK cells acquire functional potential through education, which requires the engagement of iNKRs by their human leucocyte antigen (HLA) ligands. HIV infection down-regulates cell surface HLA-A/B, but not HLA-C/E. We investigated how NK cell populations expressing combinations of the iNKRs NKG2A, KIR2DL3 (2DL3) and KIR3DL1 (3DL1) responded to autologous HIV infected CD4 (iCD4) cells. Purified NK cells from HIV-uninfected individuals were stimulated with autologous HIV iCD4 or uninfected CD4 T cells. Using flow cytometry we gated on each of the 8 NKG2A+/–2DL3+/–3DL1+/- populations and analysed all possible combinations of interferon (IFN)-γ, CCL4 and CD107a functional subsets responding to iCD4 cells. Infected CD4 cells induced differential frequencies of NKG2A+/–2DL3+/–3DL1+/– populations with total IFN-γ+, CCL4+ and CD107a+ functional profiles. 2DL3+NKG2A+ NK cells had a higher frequency of responses to iCD4 than other populations studied. A higher frequency of 2DL3+ NK cells responded to iCD4 from individuals that were not HLA-C1 homozygotes. These results show that 2DL3+ NK cells are mediators of HIV-specific responses. Furthermore, responses of NK cell populations to iCD4 are influenced not only by NK cell education through specific KIR/HLA pairs, but also by differential HIV-mediated changes in HLA expression.
Recognizing the ‘big things’ and the ‘little things’ in child protection cases
Authors: Ursin Marit , Oltedal Siv , Muñoz Carolina
Published: August 2016

In this article, we explore how ‘family’ is conceptualized and negotiated in a Mexican and a Chilean child protection institution. We draw on empirical material from two qualitative studies, employing a multi‐method approach. By using a theoretical framework from family sociology, we explore how ‘family’ is done and displayed by families of children in residential care despite socio‐economic, structural and institutional constraints. These displays consist mainly of ‘little things’ of a mundane character, such as homemade food, sweets, gifts, clothing and family photos, and more intangible displays as family narratives, affection and parental responsibility. The empirical material reveals how professionals commonly disregard these displays in favour of ‘big things’ such as housing, employment, nuclear family structure, therapy and parental school attendance. The professionals' recommendations and decisions in child custody cases can be interpreted as recognitions or rejections of family displays, as the acceptable limits of unconventionality are legally, socially and culturally drawn.
Uprooting the Pumpkin: Neo‐Colonial Therapeutic Interventions with Formerly Abducted Young People in northern Uganda
Authors: Bilotta Neil
Published: August 2016

The impact of colonisation affects a number of formerly colonised societies. This paper addresses how therapeutic interventions in northern Uganda align with a colonial framework. It explores connections between the English invasion of northern Uganda in the mid‐1800s and therapeutic approaches to young people affected by armed conflict. Two case examples of treatment for young people at major reception centres are provided: (i) World Vision and (ii) Gulu Support the Children Organisation. Both draw on Western mental health interventions as the approach of choice rather than prioritising traditional Acholi values. This conceptual paper explores new directions for Western helping professional in the Global South.
Revised Taxonomic Binomials Jeopardize Protective Wildlife Legislation
Authors: Zhou Zhao‐Min , Newman Chris , Buesching Christina D. , Meng Xiuxiang , Macdonald David W. , Zhou Youbing
Published: August 2016

Due to revised phylogenies and newly discovered biogeographic distributions, scientific binomials are being amended continuously. Problematic is that wildlife protection legislation tends not to keep pace with these reappraisals, creating a wide range of legislative loopholes and potentially compromising ability to prosecute illegal wildlife trade (IWT). This serious and growing international problem proves particularly challenging in China because binomials used on China's national legislation have not been updated since 1989, alongside the enormous issues of IWT in this megadiverse nation. Here, we focus especially on mammals, because these support lucrative criminal markets and receive the greatest international policing efforts; however, all protected taxa are vulnerable to this misnaming ambiguity. To date, the names of 25 threatened species, including 18 mammals, have become incongruent with Chinese law. Additionally, two primate species, newly discovered within China, have not yet been incorporated into Chinese law. A further six mammalian species are known by different synonyms between Chinese law and CITES, hindering international policing and compilation of data on IWT. Taxonomic revisions similarly undermine legislation in other megadiverse countries; posing a critical risk to wildlife protection worldwide. We recommend that scientific binomials must be updated systematically across all 181 CITES signatory nations.
The role of DOG1 immunohistochemistry in dermatopathology
Authors: Goto Keisuke
Published: August 2016

Background

This study was designed to evaluate the immunoexpression of DOG1, a specific marker expressed in gastrointestinal stromal tumors, in normal skin tissues and cutaneous epithelial tumors.

Methods

DOG1 immunostaining extent, intensity and pattern were evaluated in 69 cutaneous apocrine/eccrine tumors, 11 sebaceous tumors, 46 follicular tumors, 52 keratinocytic tumors and perilesional normal tissues.

Results

In normal tissues, DOG1 was expressed strongly in the intercellular canaliculi of eccrine glands, moderately in the myoepithelial cells of mammary and anogenital mammary‐like glands, and weakly or not at all in the periphery of sebaceous lobules and the lower layer of epidermis and follicular infundibulum. All apocrine‐type cutaneous mixed tumors showed apical‐luminal positivity for DOG1, and 4/9 of these tumors included intercellular canaliculi highlighted by DOG1 immunostaining. Other sweat gland tumors, including hidrocystadenoma, spiradenoma, cylindroma and apocrine carcinoma, also expressed DOG1 focally with an apical‐luminal pattern. Although slight membranous positivity for DOG1 was observed in various tumor types, hidradenoma papilliferum exhibited diffuse membranous DOG1 staining in the myoepithelial cells.

Conclusions

DOG1 is a novel marker for identifying intercellular canaliculi and is a potential immunomarker of myoepithelial cells specific to mammary glands, anogenital mammary‐like glands and tumors originating therein.
Primär kutane CD30+ lymphoproliferative Erkrankungen
Authors: Wieser Iris , Tetzlaff Michael T. , Cabala Carlos A. Torres , Duvic Madeleine
Published: August 2016

Primär kutane CD30+ lymphoproliferative Erkrankungen zählen zu der zweit häufigsten Gruppe der kutanen T‐Zell‐Lymphome (CTCL) und umfassen die Krankheitsbilder der lymphomatoiden Papulose (LyP) und des primär kutanen anaplastischen großzelligen Lymphoms (cALCL). Beide Erkrankungen haben klinische, histopathologische und molekulare Gemeinsamkeiten und repräsentieren ein Spektrum von kutanen CD30+ lymphoproliferativen Erkrankungen. Man kann LyP vom cALCL anhand des Zusammenspiels von klinischen und histopathologischen Befunden unterscheiden. In manchen Patienten können LyP und MF gemeinsam auftreten, oder können während des Krankheitsverlaufes entstehen. Mycosis fungoides (MF), ist die häufigste Form von CTCL und zählt nicht zur Gruppe der primär kutanen CD30+ lymphoproliferativen Erkrankungen. Manche LyP‐Patienten können jedoch von beiden Krankheitsbildern gemeinsam betroffen sein. Es ist aber auch möglich, dass ein MF‐Patient LyP‐artige Läsionen entwickelt, die eher eine Manifestation der MF darstellen als zwei unterschiedliche Erkrankungen. Besondere Vorsicht ist jedoch im Zusammenhang mit CD30+ transformierten MF‐Läsionen geboten, da die Gefahr besteht, dass diese fälschlicherweise als LyP oder cALCL diagnostiziert werden, was möglicherweise zu einer inadäquaten Behandlung führt.
Can knowledge‐based N management produce more staple grain with lower greenhouse gas emission and reactive nitrogen pollution? A meta‐analysis
Authors: Xia Longlong , Lam Shu Kee , Chen Deli , Wang Jinyang , Tang Quan , Yan Xiaoyuan
Published: August 2016

Knowledge‐based nitrogen (N) management, which is designed for a better synchronization of crop N demand with N supply, is critical for global food security and environmental sustainability. Yet, a comprehensive assessment on how these N management practices affect food production, greenhouse gas emission (GHG), and N pollution in China is lacking. We compiled the results of 376 studies (1166 observations) to evaluate the overall effects of seven knowledge‐based N management practices on crop productivity, nitrous oxide (N2O) emission, and major reactive N (Nr) losses (ammonia, NH3; N leaching and runoff), for staple grain (rice, wheat, and corn) production in China. These practices included the application of controlled‐release N fertilizer, nitrification inhibitor (NI) and urease inhibitor (UI), higher splitting frequency of fertilizer N application, lower basal N fertilizer (BF) proportion, deep placement of N fertilizer, and optimal N rate based on soil N test. Our results showed that, compared to traditional N management, these knowledge‐based N practices significantly increased grain yields by 1.3–10.0%, which is attributed to the higher aboveground N uptake (5.1–12.1%) and N use efficiency in grain (8.0–48.2%). Moreover, these N management practices overall reduced GHG emission and Nr losses, by 5.4–39.8% for N2O emission, 30.7–61.5% for NH3 emission (except for the NI application), 13.6–37.3% for N leaching, and 15.5–45.0% for N runoff. The use of NI increased NH3 emission by 27.5% (9.0–56.0%), which deserves extra‐attention. The cost and benefit analysis indicated that the yield profit of these N management practices exceeded the corresponding input cost, which resulted in a significant increase of the net economic benefit by 2.9–12.6%. These results suggest that knowledge‐based N management practice can be considered an effective way to ensure food security and improve environmental sustainability, while increasing economic return.
Evaluation of successful aging among older people in China: Results from China health and retirement longitudinal study
Authors: Liu Huaqing , Byles Julie E , Xu Xiaoyue , Zhang Min , Wu Xuesen , Hall John J
Published: August 2016

Aim

China faces a “time‐bomb” of the aging population. Successful aging has long been a goal in the field of gerontology. The present study aimed to evaluate successful aging among Chinese older adults.

Methods

Data on a total of 7102 people in the China Health and Retirement Study aged ≥60 years were analyzed in the present study. Successful aging is defined by the model of Rowe and Kahn including the following five indicators: “no major diseases,” “no disability,” “high cognitive functioning,” “high physical functioning” and “active engagement with life.” Using logistic regression analysis, crude and adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated to evaluate the relationship between sociodemographic parameters and successful aging.

Results

The prevalence of successful aging was 13.2% among Chinese older people. The percentage of older people with the five indicators, “no major diseases,” “no disability,” “high cognitive functioning,” “high physical functioning,” and “active engagement with life” was 41.7%, 92.1%, 54.2%, 70.2% and 46.0%, respectively. Multiple logistic regression showed people who had received education of high/vocational school or above had significantly greater odds of successful aging compared with those with less than primary school education (P < 0.05). The effect of education to college level or above on cognitive functioning was 2.51‐fold higher in women than men (P = 0.006). Older people from a non‐agricultural Hukou had 1.85‐fold higher odds of successful aging than those from an agricultural Hukou. Older people living in the central, northeast or western regions had lower odds of successful aging relative to those living in the east coast region (0.72, 0.72 and 0.56, respectively).

Conclusions

The prevalence of successful aging is low among Chinese older people, and is affected by sociodemographic factors, such as education, Hukou and regions. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 1183–1190.
Prevalence of potentially inappropriate prescribing among older adults: A comparison of the Beers 2012 and Screening Tool of Older Person's Prescriptions criteria version 2
Authors: Bahat Gulistan , Bay Ilker , Tufan Asli , Tufan Fatih , Kilic Cihan , Karan Mehmet Akif
Published: August 2016

Aim

To date, there is no study comparing the Beers 2012 and Screening Tool of Older Person's Prescriptions (STOPP) version 2 criteria, nor reporting a comparison of the prevalence of potentially inappropriate Prescribing (PIM) with STOPP version 2. We aimed to evaluate the prescriptions of patients admitted to a geriatric outpatient clinic with these tools, and to document the factors related to PIM use.

Methods

Older patients (aged ≥65 years) admitted to the outpatient clinic of a university hospital were retrospectively evaluated for PIM with Beers 2012 and STOPP version 2 criteria. Age; sex; chronic disease and number of drugs; and functional, depression and nutritional statuses were studied with regression analysis as possible factors related to PIM.

Results

The study included 667 participants (63.1% women, mean age 77.6 ± 6.3 years). The mean number of drugs was 6.1 ± 3.4. PIM prevalence detected by STOPP version 2 was higher than that of the Beers 2012 criteria (39.1% vs 33.3%, respectively; P < 0.001; Z = –3.5) with moderate agreement in between (kappa = 0.44). Antipsychotics, over‐the‐counter vitamin/supplements, aspirin, selective‐serotonin‐reuptake‐inhibitors and anticholinergics were the leading drug classes for PIM. The extent of polypharmacy (P < 0.001, OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.20–1.38) was the most important variable related to PIM, along with the multiple comorbidities (P = 0.005, OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.05–1.30). Higher level of functionality was inversely associated with PIM (P = 0.009, OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.83–0.97).

Conclusions

Inappropriate prescription prevalence of ~40% by STOPP version 2 was similar to the global worldwide prevalence – yet at the upper end. STOPP version 2 was more successful than Beers 2012 to detect PIM. Patients with multiple drug use, multiple comorbidities and more dependency were more likely to have PIM requiring special attention during prescription. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 1245–1251.
MIR196A2 rs11614913 C > T polymorphism correlates with an increased risk of hepatopulmonary syndrome in liver cirrhosis: a case–control study in China
Authors: Chen Hai‐Yong , Chen Yao‐Min , Wu Jian , Yang Fu‐Chun , Lv Zhen , Xu Xiao‐Feng , Zheng Shu‐Sen , Liao Sang‐Sang , Luo Yi‐Hui
Published: August 2016

Objective

This case–control study is designed to explore the relationship between microRNA‐196a2 (MIR196A2) rs11614913 C > T polymorphism and the risk of hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) in liver cirrhosis.

Methods

From January 2013 to January 2015, 163 liver cirrhosis patients with HPS (case group), 264 liver cirrhosis patients without HPS (control group), and 195 healthy people (normal group) were selected. A DNA extraction kit was used to extract plasma DNA from peripheral blood. Polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism was used to detect the allele and genotype frequencies of MIR196A2 C > T polymorphism. Real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was adopted to detect the relative expression of MIR196A.

Results

The frequencies of C allele in the case group were higher than those in the control and normal groups (all P < 0.05), whereas no significant difference was found between the control and normal groups, which indicated that MIR196A2 C > T polymorphism was closely associated with an increased risk of HPS in patients with liver cirrhosis. Compared with the normal group, the relative expression of MIR196A in the case group was significantly increased (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in the control group (P > 0.05). In the case group, compared with patients carrying the TT genotype, the relative expression of MIR196A of patients carrying the C allele (CT + CC) evidently increased (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

The MIR196A2 rs11614913 C > T polymorphism may contribute to an increased risk of HPS in liver cirrhosis patients.
Determining the efficacy of the chronic disease self‐management programme and readability of ‘living a healthy life with chronic conditions’ in a New Zealand setting
Authors: Cheng J. J.‐Y. , Arenhold F. , Braakhuis A. J.
Published: August 2016

Background

Self‐management programmes are an increasingly popular way of treating chronic diseases.

Aims

This study aims to determine the efficacy of the Stanford Chronic Disease Self‐Management Programme (CDSMP) in a New Zealand context by assessing course outcomes and readability of the accompanying reference guide Living a Healthy Life with Chronic Conditions, 4th Edition.

Methods

This is a cross‐sectional pre–post study conducted in Auckland between August 2009 and September 2015, using CDSMP participants’ baseline and follow‐up Health Education Intervention Questionnaire (heiQTM
) data. Readability of the guide was assessed using the Gunning Fog Index, Coleman Liau, Flesch Reading Ease, Flesch Kincaid Grade Level and Simplified Measure of Gobbledygook scores.

Results

Significant evidence of improvement (P ≤ 0.001) was observed in seven of the eight domains measured by the heiQTM
(Deakin University, Centre for Population Health Research, Melbourne, Vic., Australia). The greatest improvements were seen in skill and technique acquisition (mean change score 0.25, P ≤ 0.001) and self‐monitoring and insight (0.18, P ≤ 0.001). There was little evidence of improvement in health service navigation (0.04, P = 0.17). Readability analyses indicate that a person needs to be reading at a minimum of U.S. 8th grade level in order to understand the text, and possibly up to 11th grade.

Conclusions

The CDSMP is effective for improving patient self‐efficacy in the New Zealand setting. However, adaptation of the programme to support better health service navigation is warranted. The readability of the reference guide is not suitable for this setting and requires further improvement.
Development of Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Bulk Polycrystalline Ceramics with Intragranular Carbon Nanotube Reinforcement
Authors: Satam Mahesh K , Gurnani Luv , Vishwanathe Sadavijay , Mukhopadhyay Amartya
Published: August 2016

In the bulk polycrystalline ceramic–carbon nanotube (CNT) composites developed to date, reinforcing CNTs have been present just at the matrix grain boundaries, with the grain interiors being nearly completely devoid of CNT; thus severely limiting the improvements achieved in fracture and wear properties. Against this backdrop, bulk polycrystalline Al2O3‐based composites, having multi‐walled CNTs (MWCNTs) present within the matrix grain interiors (not just at grain boundaries), have been developed in this work for the first time. Such microstructure development has been rendered possible by an innovative, but facile, wet‐chemical synthesis route (sans ball‐milling) involving incorporation of well‐dispersed MWCNTs directly into matrix sol, followed by rapid gelation (within a few seconds) and sintering (inclusive of crystallization step). Intragranular MWCNT reinforcements (in “sol–gelled” composites) led to significant improvements in indentation‐induced crack propagation resistances and abrasive wear resistances, as compared to “conventionally” prepared Al2O3–MWCNT composites (i.e., “ball‐milled” counterpart) having the same contents of MWCNT, but present only at grain boundaries. Wear rates recorded with the “sol–gelled” Al2O3‐2.5 vol%MWCNT are lower than those for monolithic Al2O3 and “ball‐milled” counterpart by ~95% and ~90%, respectively. Such improvements, as never achieved before, are a consequence of reinforcing the matrix grain interiors with MWCNTs.
The effectiveness of a comprehensive reminder system in the secondary prevention of hypertensive ischaemic stroke: randomized controlled trial protocol
Authors: Wan Li‐Hong , You Li‐Ming , Chen Shao‐Xian , Zhang Xiao‐Pei , Mo Miao‐Miao , Zhang Ying‐Mei , Ou Cui‐Ling , Ao You‐Ai , Xiong Xiao‐Ni , Zhang Min , Lu Yu‐Wei
Published: August 2016

Aim

The aim of this study was to determine whether the Comprehensive Reminder System based on the Health Belief Model improves health belief, health behaviours, medication adherence and blood pressure control as a means of decreasing the rate of stroke recurrence among hypertensive ischaemic stroke.

Background

Hypertensive patients having experienced recent ischaemic strokes are at high risk for stroke recurrence. Several trials attempted to improve secondary stroke prevention via patient education, however, patient outcomes remained poor. Long‐term follow‐up studies regarding secondary stroke prevention are limited.

Design

A multi‐centre, 12‐month, assessor‐blinded, parallel‐group, randomized controlled longitudinal trial.

Methods

Hypertensive patients having experienced an ischaemic stroke are the target population. The intervention consists of health belief education, a calendar handbook, a weekly automated short‐message service and four telephone follow‐up interviews. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline and at 3, 6 and 12 months following discharge. The primary outcome is blood pressure control. The secondary outcomes include health belief, health behaviours and medication adherence. The clinical endpoint is the rate of stroke recurrence.

Discussion

Although many efforts to improve secondary stroke prevention have been undertaken, research indicates that improvements remain possible and warranted. This research protocol based on the Health Belief Model will improve our understanding of stroke education and transitional care needed in China and with the world‐wide target population.
Family factors and health behaviour of thin adolescent boys and girls
Authors: Mason Anna , Rantanen Anja , Kivimäki Hanne , Koivisto Anna‐Maija , Joronen Katja
Published: August 2016

Aim

The aim of this study was to examine prevalence of extreme thinness and thinness in adolescent boys and girls and to study associations between family factors, health behaviour and thinness in boys and girls.

Background

Extreme thinness carries high health risks. The family and health behavioural factors related to adolescent thinness have not been studied previously using a nationally representative data.

Design

This is a cross‐sectional quantitative study.

Methods

The nationally representative data were obtained from the Finnish School Health Promotion study conducted in 2013. The sample of this study included 12‐17 year old adolescents (n = 71,973) who were categorised as extremely thin, thin and normal weight using international age and gender body mass index (BMI) cut‐off points for children and adolescents. Associations with family factors and health behaviour were examined separately for boys and girls using cross‐tabulations, Chi‐square test and multinomial logistic regression.

Results

Thinness and extreme thinness were more common in girls than in boys. Health behaviour, such as smoking and exercise, were associated with thinness and extreme thinness in both genders. Regarding family factors; low maternal education, family meal and parental knowledge of adolescents’ friends and whereabouts were associated with thinness and, or extreme thinness in both boys and girls. However, there were gender differences in the associations.

Conclusions

It is important for healthcare professionals working with adolescents to be aware of prevalence in thinness and aware of health behaviour and family factors that are associated with thinness and extreme thinness in adolescence.
An integrative review of how families are prepared for, and supported during withdrawal of life‐sustaining treatment in intensive care
Authors: Coombs Maureen A. , Parker Roses , Ranse Kristen , Endacott Ruth , Bloomer Melissa J.
Published: August 2016

Aim

The aim of this study was to conduct an integrative review on how nurses prepare families for and support families during withdrawal of life‐sustaining treatments in intensive care.

Background

End‐of‐life care is widely acknowledged as integral to the practice of intensive care. However, little is known about what happens after the decision to withdraw life‐sustaining treatments has been made and how families are prepared for death and the dying process.

Design

Integrative literature review.

Data sources

MEDLINE, CINAHL Plus, PsychINFO, PUBMED, Scopus, EMBASE and Web of Knowledge were searched for papers published between 2000–May 2015.

Review methods

A five stage review process, informed by Whittemore and Knafl's methodology was conducted. All papers were reviewed and quality assessment performed. Data were extracted, organized and analysed. Convergent qualitative thematic synthesis was used.

Results

From an identified 479 papers, 24 papers were included in this review with a range of research approaches: qualitative (n = 15); quantitative (n = 4); mixed methods (n = 2); case study (n = 2) and discourse analysis (n = 1). Thematic analysis revealed the nurses: equipped families for end of life through information provision and communication; managed the withdrawal of life‐sustaining treatments to meet family need; and continued care to build memories.

Conclusion

Greater understanding is needed of the language that can be used with families to describe death and dying in intensive care. Clearer conceptualization of the relationship between the medically focussed withdrawal of life‐sustaining treatments and patient/family‐centred end‐of‐life care is required making the nursing contribution at this time more visible.
Efficacy of a footbath for post‐partum fatigue in South Korea: A quasi‐experimental study
Authors: Choi Eunsun , Song Eunju
Published: August 2016

Aim

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of a footbath on post‐partum fatigue.

Methods

This study used a quasi‐experimental design by using an unequivalent control group, pre–post‐test design. The participants were divided into experimental and control groups. Fifty post‐partum women who were admitted to an obstetrics and gynecology ward of a general hospital were the experimental group and 50 post‐partum women who were admitted to an obstetrics and gynecology ward of a women's hospital were the control group. Two hospitals were providing similar postnatal care to their patients and they were located in the same city. The experimental group received a footbath along with postnatal care at the hospital, while the control group received only postnatal care from the hospital. Each group completed the Fatigue Continuum Form at a specified time.

Results

The general characteristics and pretest dependent variables were homogenous between the two groups. The hypothesis was supported post‐test as the Fatigue Continuum Form scores differed significantly between the experimental and the control groups.

Conclusion

This study showed that a footbath helps to decrease fatigue among post‐partum women. In addition, it is a good preventative strategy for post‐partum women who should initiate it in the early post‐partum period.
Cultural Attunement in Therapy With Mexican‐Heritage Couples: A Grounded Theory Analysis of Client and Therapist Experience
Authors: Elias‐Juarez Marco A. , Knudson‐Martin Carmen
Published: August 2016

There is a need for culturally attuned approaches for couple therapy with Mexican/Mexican‐Americans. This qualitative grounded theory study utilized interviews with 11 client couples of Mexican heritage and 14 marital and family therapists to shed light on how Latino and non‐Latino therapists co‐construct positive experiences of cultural attunement with Mexican and Mexican‐American couple clients. Analysis identified a model of cultural connection through personal engagement with four interrelated phases: (a) mutual invitation, (b) shared engagement, (c) expanding personal connection, and (d) creating cultural connections. Clients in this study valued professionalism and expertise of the therapist, but felt attuned to and respected when therapists demonstrated humility, shared personal stories and emotion, and engaged in a collaborative process.
Use of CT to evaluate and compare intranasal features in brachycephalic and normocephalic dogs
Authors: Auger M. , Alexander K. , Beauchamp G. , Dunn M.
Published: August 2016

Objectives

To evaluate and compare nasal mucosal contact, septal deviation and caudal aberrant nasal turbinates in brachycephalic and normocephalic dogs using computed tomography.

Methods

Dogs without nasal disease and having undergone computed tomography scan of the head (plica alaris to the cribiform plate) were retrospectively selected and divided into brachycephalic and normocephalic groups. Eighteen brachycephalic and 32 normocephalic dogs were included. Anatomic criteria were used to locate predetermined pairs of intranasal structures and nasal mucosal contact was described as present or absent for each site. Septal deviations were identified and measured using angle of septal deviation. Caudal aberrant nasal turbinates were identified and categorised when present.

Results

Prevalence of nasal mucosal contact was significantly higher in brachycephalic dogs. No significant difference was seen in prevalence or in angle of septal deviation between groups. Prevalence of caudal aberrant nasal turbinates was significantly higher in brachycephalic dogs.

Clinical Significance

Nasal mucosal contact and caudal aberrant nasal turbinates were significantly more prevalent in brachycephalic dogs than in normocephalic dogs in our study. Computed tomography can be a valuable aid in obtaining data on nasal mucosal contact, caudal aberrant nasal turbinates and septal deviations. Combination of computed tomography with endoscopy and functional airway testing would be useful to further evaluate the correlation between intranasal features and symptoms of brachycephalic airway syndrome.
Effects of host genetics and environment on egg‐associated microbiotas in brown trout (Salmo trutta)
Authors: Wilkins Laetitia G. E. , Fumagalli Luca , Wedekind Claus
Published: August 2016

Recent studies found fish egg‐specific bacterial communities that changed over the course of embryogenesis, suggesting an interaction between the developing host and its microbiota. Indeed, single‐strain infections demonstrated that the virulence of opportunistic bacteria is influenced by environmental factors and host immune genes. However, the interplay between a fish embryo host and its microbiota has not been studied yet at the community level. To test whether host genetics affects the assemblage of egg‐associated bacteria, adult brown trout (Salmo trutta) were sampled from a natural population. Their gametes were used for full‐factorial in vitro fertilizations to separate sire from dam effects. In total, 2520 embryos were singly raised under experimental conditions that differently support microbial growth. High‐throughput 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing was applied to characterize bacterial communities on milt and fertilized eggs across treatments. Dam and sire identity influenced embryo mortality, time until hatching and composition of egg‐associated microbiotas, but no link between bacterial communities on milt and on fertilized eggs could be found. Elevated resources increased embryo mortality and modified bacterial communities with a shift in their putative functional potential. Resource availability did not significantly affect any parental effects on embryo performance. Sire identity affected bacterial diversity that turned out to be a significant predictor of hatching time: embryos associated with high bacterial diversity hatched later. We conclude that both host genetics and the availability of resources define diversity and composition of egg‐associated bacterial communities that then affect the life history of their hosts.
Factors associated with Internet addiction: Cross‐sectional study of Turkish adolescents
Authors: Seyrek Sezen , Cop Esra , Sinir Hayati , Ugurlu Mehmet , Şenel Saliha
Published: August 2016

Background

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Internet addiction (IA), and the relationship between sociodemographic characteristics, depression, anxiety, attention‐deficit–hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and IA in adolescents.

Methods

This was a cross‐sectional school‐based study with a representative sample of 468 students aged 12–17 years at the first trimester of the 2013–2014 academic year. The students were assessed using Young's Internet Addiction Scale, Children's Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Conners' Parent Rating Scale, Conners' Teacher Rating Scale, Hollingshead–Redlich Scale, and the information form including characteristics of Internet use and socioeconomic status (SES). The relationship between these factors and Internet use was examined.

Results

Approximately 1.6% of students were identified as having IA, whereas 16.2% had possible IA. There were significant correlations between IA and depression, anxiety, attention disorder and hyperactivity symptoms in adolescents. Smoking was also related to IA. There was no significant relationship between IA and age, sex, body mass index, school type, and SES.

Conclusions

Depression, anxiety, ADHD and smoking addiction are associated with PIU in adolescent students. Preventive public health policies targeting the psychological wellbeing of young people are needed.
Modifying a generic postoperative recovery profile instrument to an instrument specifically targeting coronary artery bypass grafting
Authors: Bratt Annika , Allvin Renée , Wann‐Hansson Christine
Published: August 2016

Patients may suffer from a wide range of postoperative symptoms after coronary artery bypass grafting. In‐depth knowledge of the recovery process is a prerequisite for nursing interventions. However, we found no specific instrument covering the entire range and duration of postoperative symptoms related to this procedure. We therefore modified and extended the 19 items, generic Postoperative Recovery Profile questionnaire for the specific evaluation of the recovery after coronary artery bypass grafting. We here report on the development process of the new questionnaire. Procedure‐specific symptoms were identified by a literature review and by experts. The content validity was assessed by healthcare professionals (n = 15), inpatients (n = 12) and outpatients (n = 4). A test run was done with inpatients (n = 10), which was followed by a test–retest reliability evaluation with inpatients (n = 24). We identified 15 new symptoms in the literature review and six in the content validity assessment. Only three of the 35 items had an acceptable content validity index, but all 35 items in the test run were reported by at least two patients. The questionnaire took 4–9 minutes to complete and was considered easy to use. The final instrument used in the reliability test included 22 new items, and 25 of the 35 items were satisfactory stable. To conclude, we developed a 35 items, procedure‐specific questionnaire that was easy to use and may aid systematic assessment of the recovery after coronary artery bypass grafting.
Influence of HLA‐DR polymorphism and allergic sensitization on humoral immune responses to intact pneumococcus in a transgenic mouse model
Authors: Sheen Y. H. , Rajagopalan G. , Snapper C. M. , Kita H. , Wi C.‐I. , Umaretiya P. J. , Juhn Y. J.
Published: August 2016

Asthma is independently associated with HLA‐DR3 and increased risks of pneumococcal diseases. We aimed to determine whether HLA‐DR polymorphism (HLA‐DRB1*03), sensitization to house dust mite (HDM), or their interaction affects humoral immune responses to pneumococcal polysaccharide and protein antigens of intact pneumococci. Induction of serum titers of anti‐pneumococcal polysaccharide and anti‐surface protein IgM and IgG in response to immunization with intact pneumococci (Pn) serotype 14 was determined using humanized HLA‐DR3 and DR2 transgenic mice. Transgenic mice were sensitized by injecting HDM and challenged with intranasal HDM. Mice were subsequently immunized with heat‐killed Pn14 at day 24. Serum titers of anti‐phosphorylcholine (PC) IgM and IgG, anti‐pneumococcal polysaccharide, capsular type 14 (PPS14) IgM and IgG, and anti‐pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) IgG were measured. We included a total of 44 mice (22 DR3 and 22 DR2 mice) and half of mice in each group were sensitized with HDM (i.e. 22 HDM‐sensitized and 22 control mice). HDM‐sensitized mice, irrespective of HLA‐DR polymorphism, had significantly lower humoral immune responses. HLA‐DR3 mice, irrespective of HDM sensitization, elicited a significantly lower anti‐PC IgG response. In contrast, the anti‐PspA IgG response was higher in DR3 relative to DR2 mice. The effect of HDM sensitization on lowering humoral immune responses to Pn14 was observed in DR3 mice regardless of the nature of the antigen, whereas such decreases were observed only for the anti‐PPS14 IgG and anti‐PC IgM responses in DR2 mice. HDM sensitization lowered humoral immune responses to intact pneumococcus and this effect was significantly modified by the HLA‐DR polymorphism.
Hypogammaglobulinemia and risk of severe infection in kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Augusto J.‐F. , Garnier A.‐S. , Demiselle J. , Langs V. , Picquet J. , Legall R. , Sargentini C. , Culty T. , Poli C. , Ammi M. , Ducancelle A. , Chevailler A. , Duveau A. , Subra J.‐F. , Sayegh J.
Published: August 2016

Background

Recent data have outlined a link between hypogammaglobulinemia (HGG) and infection risk and suggested that HGG correction may decrease post‐transplant infections.

Methods

We analyzed the risk factors of HGG and the relationship between HGG and the risk of severe infection in a cohort of 318 kidney transplant recipients (KTR) who were transplanted between 2003 and 2013. Immunoglobulin (Ig) concentration was measured prospectively at day 15 (D15), month 6 (M6), month 12 (M12), and month 24 (M24) post transplant.

Results

The prevalence of IgG HGG was 56% and 36.8% at D15 and M6, respectively. Age was the sole identified risk factors for D15 IgG HGG (odds ratio [OR] 1.02, P = 0.019). Risk factors for M6 IgG HGG were the presence of D15 IgG HGG (OR 6.41, P < 0.001) and treatment of acute rejection (OR 2.63, P = 0.014). Most infections occurred between D15 and M6 post transplant. Only age (hazard ratio 1.03, P < 0.001) was identified as a risk factor of infection between D15 and M6 post transplant. Survival free of infection (overall infections and bacterial or viral infections) did not differ significantly between patients with or without D15 IgG HGG. Only septicemia occurring between M6 and M12 post transplant was more frequently observed in patients with HGG. The low prevalence of severe HGG (<400 mg/dL) did not allow conclusions on the infectious risk associated with this patient subgroup.

Conclusions

This study does not support the existence of a strong link between post‐transplant HGG and the risk of severe infections in KTR. Correction of HGG to minimize the risk of severe infections in KTR is thus questionable and needs to be reevaluated in prospective studies.
Blood transfusion in preterm infants improves intestinal tissue oxygenation without alteration in blood flow
Authors: Banerjee J. , Leung T. S. , Aladangady N.
Published: August 2016

Background and Objective

The objective of the study was to investigate the splanchnic blood flow velocity and oximetry response to blood transfusion in preterm infants according to postnatal age.

Materials and Methods

Preterm infants receiving blood transfusion were recruited to three groups: 1–7 (group 1;n= 20), 8–28 (group 2;n= 21) and ≥29 days of life (group 3;n= 18). Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) peak systolic (PSV) and diastolic velocities were measured 30–60 min pre‐ and post‐transfusion using Doppler ultrasound scan. Splanchnic tissue haemoglobin index (sTHI), tissue oxygenation index (sTOI) and fractional tissue oxygen extraction (sFTOE) were measured from 15–20 min before to post‐transfusion using near‐infrared spectroscopy.

Results

The mean pretransfusion Hb in group 1, 2 and 3 was 11, 10 and 9 g/dl, respectively. The mean (SD) pretransfusionSMA PSVin group 1, 2 and 3 was 0·63 (0·32), 0·81 (0·33) and 0·97 (0·40) m/s, respectively, and this did not change significantly following transfusion. The mean (SD) pretransfusionsTOIin group 1, 2 and 3 was 36·7 (19·3), 44·6 (10·4) and 41·3 (10·4)%, respectively. ThesTHIandsTOIincreased (P< 0·01), andsFTOEdecreased (P< 0·01) following transfusion in all groups. On multivariate analysis, changes inSMA PSVandsTOIfollowing blood transfusion were not associated withPDA, feeding, pretransfusion Hb and mean blood pressure.

Conclusion

Pretransfusion baseline splanchnic tissue oximetry and blood flow velocity varied with postnatal age. Blood transfusion improved intestinal tissue oxygenation without altering mesenteric blood flow velocity irrespective of postnatal ages.