bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Penyelenggara Jalan Rusak Yang Mengakibatkan Kecelakaan Lalu Lintas
Authors: Abdul Wahab Harun  , Dian Ekawaty Ismail  , Jufriyanto Puluhulawa
Published: December 2023

The aim of this research is to determine law enforcement against operators of damaged roads which result in traffic accidents and to find out what are the obstacles in implementing law enforcement against operators of damaged roads which result in traffic accidents. This research uses an empirical legal research method where the researcher uses a statutory approach and a case approach and data collection is carried out using literature studies and interviews. The results of the research show: firstly, the police in the Bone Bolango Police area carry out law enforcement against drivers who maintain damaged roads that cause accidents. traffic in a preventive and repressive manner. Bone Bolango Regency Police have been carrying out repressive actions such as education and legal action; However, due to a number of obstacles experienced by the Bone Bolango Police, no legal action can be taken until the trial, which only requires making a case report. Both the internal and external operational environment of the traffic police are some of the challenges faced by the Bone Bolango Police. The Bone Bolango Police Traffic Accident Unit lacks personnel and expertise, and the officers' attitude towards drivers is less firm. One of the internal problems faced by the traffic police is this problem. Public ignorance of laws and regulations related to damaged roads and lack of community involvement in reporting damaged roads are two examples of external variables handled by the Traffic Police. Apart from that, there is ambiguity in Law Number 22 of 2009 concerning Road Transport and Traffic. The meaning of "road managers" and the difficulty of law enforcement in enforcing these regulations, especially Article 273, which emphasizes the importance of considering the potential legal consequences for "road managers" who fail to repair damaged roads immediately, which can result in traffic accidents.
Tanggungjawab Pelaku Usaha Bagi Konsumen Terhadap Keamanan Pangan Dalam Prespektif Hukum Perlindungan Konsumen
Authors: Juldin Latama  , Nirwan Junus  , Mellisa Towadi  , Nurul Fazri Elfikri
Published: December 2023

Food safety in Indonesia is still far from safe, we often see food poisoning incidents that occur a lot nowadays. In general, this often results in consumers being in a weak and disadvantaged position, so there is a need for regulations that can bridge the interests of business actors and the interests of consumers without harming either party. Forms of responsibility of a business actor towards consumers in the legal order in Indonesia Civil liability based on legal events can be divided into two, namely: liability based on fault, namely liability that can arise due to breaches of contract or unlawful acts, whether caused by careless actions or intentional actions. Responsibility based on risk is the responsibility that must be borne by a business actor for his business activities which cause losses to consumers.
PENGARUH FAKTOR GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE DAN FREE CASH FLOW TERHADAP MANAJEMEN LABA PADA PERUSAHAAN TRANSPORTASI DI ASIA TENGGARA
Authors: Sunaryo Deni
Published: December 2023

This study aims to determine the effect of good corporate governance and free cash flow on earnings management. Good Corporate Governance factors used in this study are the size of the audit committee, independent board of commissioners, institutional ownership, and managerial ownership. Earnings management value is measured using discretionary accruals. The research sample is 12 transportation companies listed on the Southeast Asian Stock Exchange which were selected through purposive sampling in the 2014-2018 period. Data were analyzed based on multiple linear regression. Based on the test results, it can be concluded that the good corporate governance factors (audit committee size, independent board of commissioners, institutional ownership, managerial ownership) and free cash flow have no significant effect on earnings management, either partially or simultaneously.
PENGARUH KUALITAS PELAYANAN TERHADAP KEPUASAN NASABAH PT. BANK CENTRAL ASIA. TBK CABANG SURYOPRANOTO
Authors: Darmeinis  , Nella Citra Ayu
Published: December 2023

This study aims to measure the extent to which the level of service quality on the level of customer satisfaction of PT Bank Central Asia Tbk. Suryopranoto Branch. This research uses descriptive quantitative analysis methodology with correlation analysis, determination analysis, and regression analysis. This study has 40 (forty) respondents consisting of men and women. The data used are quantitative data obtained from questionnaires distributed to respondents from PT. BANK BCA Tbk. KCU Suryopranoto Jl. Suryopranoto, Central Jakarta. The results of this study indicate that from that customer satisfaction (X) increases positively and is influenced by service, if there is no (x = o), then the level of satisfaction increases positively. There is a very strong relationship between service and customer satisfaction 79.21%, meaning the other factors are 20.79%.
THE EFFECT OF THIRD PARTY FUND, LDR AND OPERATIONAL COSTS ON OPERATIONAL INCOME ON ROA IN PUBLIC CREDIT BANK
Authors: Mertyani Sari Dewi
Published: December 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Third Party Funds, Loan Debt Ratio and Operational Cost of Operating Income on Return On Assets in Rural Banks in Buleleng Regency. The type of data from this research is quantitative and qualitative data. Sources of data in this study are primary data and secondary data.

The problem in this study is whether third- party funds affect the return on assets in rural banks in Buleleng regency, whether the loan debt ratio affects the return on assets in rural banks in Buleleng, whether operational costs of operating income affect the return on assets in rural banks in Buleleng regency and whether third-party funds, loan debt ratio and operating income operational costs affect the return on assets in rural banks in Buleleng regency.

The results of this study are that third party funds have a negative and significant effect on return on assets in rural banks in Buleleng Regency, loan to debt ratio has a negative but not significant effect on return on assets in rural banks in Buleleng, operational costs of income operational has a negative and significant effect on return on assets in rural banks in Buleleng Regency and third party funds, loan to debt ratio, and operational costs of operating income have a significant effect on return on assets in rural banks in Buleleng Regency
Strategi Bisnis Usaha Mikro Kecil Melalui Analisis SWOT Pada Usaha Dagang Di Desa Sari Mekar (Studi Kasus UD Toya Mertaada)
Authors: I Ketut Suardika  , Gede Ardana Yasa
Published: December 2023

The industrial revolution makes a person have to think critically and creatively with implementation through entrepreneurship, namely in the form of micro, small and medium enterprises which until now have become one of the potential and promising business opportunities. Development of micro, small and medium enterprises will increase business competition, such as UD Toya Mertaada, which is located in Sari Mekar Village, must implement a business strategy so that the business being run has a competitive advantage.

This type of research is a qualitative research that seeks to collect facts and circumstances properly through interviews. The interview technique used is an unstructured interview which freely asks various questions to the informant. Interviews were conducted with business owners, employees, and several consumers.

The results obtained based on the SWOT analysis show that UD Toya Mertaada is in Quadrant I. This indicates that UD Toya Mertaada has great opportunities and strengths so that they can take advantage of existing opportunities. It can be concluded that the strategy implemented is to support an aggressive growth policy (Growth Oriented Strategy), with the implementation of this strategy UD Toya Mertaada can maximize its strengths to take the opportunities that exist so that it can compete with other businesses, and it is even possible to win the business competition.
PENGARUH PENERAPAN BAGASI BERBAYAR DI MASKAPAI WING AIR TERHADAP MINAT PENUMPANG DI BANDAR UDARA H. HASAN AROEBOESMAN NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR
Authors: Rahmat Hidayat  , Elnia Frisnawati
Published: December 2023

Wings Air is one of the airlines operating in Indonesia. Wings Air (PT Wings Abadi) is a domestic airline based in Jakarta, Indonesia. Wings Air has won the trust of air transportation users with its Low cost Carrier and can accompany transportation users to routes that are not covered by other airlines. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the application of paid baggage at Wings Air on the interest of passengers at H.Hasan Aroeboesman Ende Airport.

                This study uses quantitative research methods. Data collection techniques used questionnaires and literature studies. The instrument used as a data collection tool was in the form of a questionnaire, for indirect interview and observation guidelines. Data analysis using Validity Test, Reliability Test, Hypothesis Testing, Simple Linear Regression, Coefficient of Determination.

                The results of this study indicate that Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected, which means that there is an effect of the application of paid baggage by Wings Air on the interest of H.Hasan Aroesboeman Ende Airport passengers, as evidenced by hypothesis testing, it is known that the value of t count > t table, namely 12.999> 1.98422 with sig. 0.000 < 0.05 . The percentage based on the coefficient of determination test is known that R square is 0.633, this means that the influence of the application of paid baggage for Wings Air on the interest of passengers at H.Hasan Aroesboeman Ende Airport is 63.3%.
PENGARUH PROFITABILITAS, LIKUIDITAS, LEVERAGE, DAN UKURAN PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP KEBIJAKAN DIVIDEN (Studi pada Perusahaan Sub Sektor Makanan dan Minuman yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2017-2020)
Authors: Trigomer Nainggolan  , Ickhsanto Wahyudi
Published: December 2023

Investment is one of the activities that can provide benefits to several parties, such as for the progress of the company in running its business, even the development and growth of the economic sector in a country is also indicated by the number of investors who invest their funds or capital into securities companies in the capital market. Before investing in a company, investors will analyze companies that produce good stock returns, one of which is by analyzing the existing dividend policy in the company. This research was conducted to determine the effect of Profitability, Liquidity, Leverage, and Firm Size. The population using the Food and Beverage sub-sector companies for the 2017-2020 period amounted to 38 companies and the sample obtained was 10 companies using purposive sampling technique. The analysis in this study uses descriptive statistics, while hypothesis testing uses multiple linear regression. The results of this study indicate that there is a simultaneous influence between Profitability, Liquidity, Leverage, and Firm Size on dividend policy. Partially, only liquidity and firm size have a positive effect on dividend policy. Profitability and Leverage have no partial effect on dividend policy.
Pengaruh Struktur Modal, Profitabilitas dan Ukuran Perusahaan Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Sektor Makanan dan Minuman Yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2018-2021
Authors: Clara florensita yulisa  , Ickhsanto Wahyudi
Published: December 2023

This study aims to determine the effect of capital structure, profitability and firm size on firm value. The population and sample in this study are the financial statements of 48 Food and Beverage Manufacturing Companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2018-2021. This research technique uses classical assumption test, multiple linear regression analysis, hypothesis testing and coefficient of determination test. The collection technique used the method of documentation and literature study. The results of the t-test (partial) can be seen that the first hypothesis which states that capital structure has a positive and significant effect on firm value is rejected. The second hypothesis which states that profitability has a significant positive effect on firm value is accepted. The third hypothesis which states that firm size has a significant positive effect on firm value is rejected. The magnitude of the coefficient of determination is 0.335 or equal to 33.5%. This value shows that the variables of Capital Structure, Profitability, and Company Size simultaneously affect the Company Value by 33,5%. While the rest (100% - 33.5% = 67.5%) is influenced by other variables outside this regression equation or variables not examined.
ANALISIS STRATEGI PEMASARAN MASKAPAI LION AIR PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI BANDAR UDARA SULTAN HASANUDDIN MAKASSAR
Authors: Muh Dody Alfayed  , Ika Fathin Resti Martanti
Published: December 2023

An airport is a land and water area with certain boundaries that is used as a place for aircraft to land and take off, boarding and dropping passengers, loading and unloading goods, and places for intra and inter-mode transportation, which are equipped with aviation safety and security facilities, as well as other facilities. products and other supporting facilities. Lion Air is the largest private airline in Indonesia, where the airline controls most of the domestic market share.

This study used qualitative research methods. Qualitative research methods are often called naturalistic research methods because the research is carried out in natural conditions (natural settings).

The results of this study explain the marketing strategy at the Air Lion Airline which, the challenges of implementing MPR include HR implementing Marketing Public Relations must be able to develop and improve IT capabilities on the basis of intellectual capacity, must understand data from research results, must understand the flow of research base data analysis , and coordination with related parties so that there is no coordination gap, must be able to have good relations with management who is the decision maker, HR implementing Marketing Public Relations must have a team leader mindset, and provide input to superiors.
Pengaruh Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Pada Kantor Badan Pengelola Keuangan Dan Aset Daerah (BPKAD) Kota Bima
Authors: Taufik  , Muhamad Badar
Published: December 2023

this study aims to determine whether there is an influence of Human Resource Development on Employee Performance at the Office of the Regional Financial and Asset Management Agency (BPKAD) Kota Bima. The results of this study indicate that the Human Resource Development variable has a significant effect on Employee Performance at the Regional Financial and Asset Management Agency (BPKAD) Office of Bima City
PENGARUH LIABILITAS DAN EKUITAS TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS (STUDI PADA PERUSAHAAN PERBANKAN YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA TAHUN 2019-2021)
Authors: Ninda Kusuma Wulandari  , Ali Riza Fahlevi  , Cantika Adelia  , Dewi Kusmayanti  , Nike Sekariesta
Published: December 2023

This study aims to examine the effect of liabilities and equity on profitability (Studies of Banking Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2019-2021). The samples and data in this study were taken from banking companies listed on the IDX for 2019-2021 in the financial statements and annual reports for that period. The method used is sampling. The method used in this study uses the normality test method with multiple linear regression analysis. Based on the research results, liability has a positive and significant effect on profitability, while equity has no effect and is not significant on profitability.
ANALISIS PENJUALAN ONLINE MELALUI MEDIA SOSIAL TIKTOK
Authors: Budi Dharma  , M. Rafiq Efrianda
Published: December 2023

Media sosial adalah salah satu dari perkembangan teknonologi informasi dimana penggunanya dapat bersosial melalui jaringan media internet, para pengguna media sosial dapat membeagikan pengalamannya kepada orang lain, baik yang dekat maupun jauh. Pengguna tiktok terus menerus mengalami peningkatan, pada tahun 2022 penngguna yang berusia diatas 18 tahun meningkat menjadi 99,1 juta prang pada kuartal II 2022, sehingga pemanfaatan tiktok juag terus berkembang, menjadi salaah satu e-commerce bagi para penggunanya. Banyak orang mulai memahami perkembangan dan konsekuensi signifikan dari internet, dan saingan mereka telah banyak melakukan inovasi dan penjualan melalui internet. Karena itu, media pemasaran akan menjadi pnekanan utama dari penelitian ini akan ditempatkan pada pemasaran media sosial, yang merupakan subbidang pemasaran internet. Dari penelitian ini diketahui bahwa tiktok bukanlah sekedar media sosial yang hanya sekedar berbagi informasi kepada orang lain, tiktok juga dapat menjadi sebuah pasar tempat bertransasksi antar penjual dan pembeli. Tiktok juga memiliki beberpa vitur yang dipakai dalam penjualan, strategi pemasaran dan arah pemasaran.
Detection of genetic variations in the GDF9 and BMP15 genes in Kazakh meat–wool sheep
Authors: Amandykova Makpal , Orazymbetova Zarina , Kapassuly Tilek , Kozhakhmet Altynay , Khamzina Saltanat , Iskakov Kairat , Dossybayev Kairat
Published: December 2023

Abstract. Kazakh meat–wool sheep are of great interest because of the intrabreed multifetal type's high productivity of 140 %–160 %. Genes encoding growth differentiation factor-9 (GDF9) and bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) are promising candidates for studying sheep productivity, as they affect fertility in mammals, including sheep. Thus, the purpose of this study was to assess the fertility of the Kazakh meat–wool sheep breed based on GDF9 and BMP15 candidate genes of fecundity for the selection of animals with valuable genotypes. We selected 300 heads of the Kazakh meat–wool sheep breed from two populations for PCR-RFLP (polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism) analysis, 15 of which were subsequently used for sequencing of exon regions of the GDF9 and BMP15 genes. The sheep populations were tested for G1 and G8 mutations of the GDF9 gene and B2 and B4 mutations of the BMP15 gene. The PCR-RFLP analysis revealed that 59 (19.7 %) of the 300 Kazakh meat–wool breed sheep were heterozygous carriers of the G1 mutation (genotype AG) of the GDF9 gene, and sequencing analysis supported these results. The comparative phylogenetic analysis showed a clear separation of Kazakh meat–wool sheep wild types and carriers of the G1 mutation. This mutation was reported to have a relationship with the animals' litter size in other sheep breeds. For this reason, similar relationships should be investigated in Kazakh meat–wool sheep. However, G8, B2, and B4 mutations were not detected among the studied animal populations, showing that these mutations are not characteristic of the Kazakh meat–wool sheep breed.
Source apportionment of soot particles and aqueous-phase processing of black carbon coatings in an urban environment
Authors: Farley Ryan N. , Collier Sonya , Cappa Christopher D. , Williams Leah R. , Onasch Timothy B. , Russell Lynn M. , Kim Hwajin , Zhang Qi
Published: December 2023

Abstract. The impacts of soot particles on climate and human health depend on the concentration of black carbon (BC) as well as the thickness and composition of the coating material, i.e., organic and inorganic compounds internally mixed with BC. In this study, the size-resolved chemical composition of BC-containing aerosol was measured using a high-resolution soot particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SP-AMS) during wintertime in Fresno, California, a location influenced by abundant combustion emissions and frequent fog events. Concurrently, particle optical properties were measured to investigate the BC absorption enhancement. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis was performed on the SP-AMS mass spectral measurements to explore the sources of soot particles and the atmospheric processes affecting the properties of BC coatings. The analysis revealed that residential woodburning and traffic are the dominant sources of soot particles. Alongside primary soot particles originating from biomass burning (BBOABC) and vehicles (HOABC) two distinct types of processed BC-containing aerosol were identified: fog-related oxidized organic aerosol (FOOABC) and winter-background OOABC (WOOABC). Both types of OOABC showed evidence of having undergone aqueous processing, albeit with differences. The concentration of FOOABC was substantially elevated during fog events, indicating the formation of aqueous secondary organic aerosol (aqSOA) within fog droplets. On the other hand, WOOABC was present at a relatively consistent concentration throughout the winter and was likely related to the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in both the gas phase and aerosol liquid water. By comparing the chemical properties and temporal variations in FOOABC and WOOABC, we gain insights into the key aging processes of BC aerosol. It was found that aqueous-phase reactions facilitated by fog droplets had a significant impact on the thickness and chemical composition of BC coatings, thereby affecting the light absorption and hygroscopic properties of soot particles. These findings underscore the important role of chemical reactions occurring within clouds and fogs and influencing the climate forcing of BC aerosol in the atmosphere.
Performance assessment of state-of-the-art and novel methods for remote compliance monitoring of sulfur emissions from shipping
Authors: Beecken Jörg , Weigelt Andreas , Griesel Simone , Mellqvist Johan , Conde Jacobo Alexander V. , van Dinther Daniëlle , Duyzer Jan , Knudsen Jon , Knudsen Bettina , Ntziachristos Leonidas
Published: December 2023

Abstract. The fuel sulfur content (FSC) of ocean-going and inland vessels was measured simultaneously by eight different state-of-the-art and novel monitoring systems during a 6-week campaign at the Elbe River, at a distance of about 10 km to the port of Hamburg, Germany. Both stationary and airborne systems on unoccupied aerial vehicles (UAVs) were operated by four participating partners in a side-by-side measurement setup to measure the emission factors of the same emission sources. A novel laser spectrometer, with significantly better-precision specifications as compared with the other instruments, was used for the first time for emission monitoring regarding the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL) Annex VI regulations. The comparison took place in the North Sea sulfur emission control area (SECA), where the allowed FSC is limited to 0.10 %Sm/m. The unit %Sm/m relates to the percentage of mass sulfur per mass combusted fuel. In total, 966 plumes that originated from 436 different vessels were analysed in this study. At the same time, fuel samples obtained from 34 different vessels and bunker delivery notes (BDNs) from five frequently monitored vessels were used as a reference to assess the uncertainties of the different systems. Seven of the eight measurement systems tended to underestimate the FSC found from fuel samples and BDNs. A possible relation between underestimation and high relative humidities (above 80 %) was observed. The lowest systematic deviations were observed for the airborne systems and the novel laser spectrometer. The two UAV-borne systems showed total uncertainties of 0.07 %Sm/m and 0.09 %Sm/m (confidence level: 95 %). The novel laser spectrometer showed the lowest total uncertainty of 0.05 %Sm/m compared with other stationary sniffer systems, whose total uncertainties range from 0.08 %Sm/m to 0.09 %Sm/m. It was concluded that non-compliant vessels, with an actual FSC of the combusted fuel above 0.15 %Sm/m to 0.19 %Sm/m, can be detected by the compared systems with 95 % confidence.
Local bow shock environment during magnetosheath jet formation: results from a hybrid-Vlasov simulation
Authors: Suni Jonas , Palmroth Minna , Turc Lucile , Battarbee Markus , Cozzani Giulia , Dubart Maxime , Ganse Urs , George Harriet , Gordeev Evgeny , Papadakis Konstantinos , Pfau-Kempf Yann , Tarvus Vertti , Tesema Fasil , Zhou Hongyang
Published: December 2023

Abstract. Magnetosheath jets are plasma structures that are characterised by enhanced dynamic pressure and/or plasma velocity. In this study, we investigate the formation of magnetosheath jets in four two-dimensional simulation runs of the global magnetospheric hybrid-Vlasov model Vlasiator. We focus on jets whose origins were not clearly determined in a previous study using the same simulations (Suni et al., 2021) to have been associated with foreshock structures of enhanced dynamic pressure and magnetic field. We find that these jets can be divided into two categories based on their direction of propagation, either predominantly antisunward or predominantly toward the flanks of the magnetosphere. As antisunward-propagating jets can potentially impact the magnetopause and have effects on the magnetosphere, understanding which foreshock and bow shock phenomena are associated with them is important. The antisunward-propagating jets have properties indistinguishable from those of the jets found in the previous study. This indicates that the antisunward jets investigated in this paper belong to the same continuum as the jets previously found to be caused by foreshock structures; however, due to the criteria used in the previous study, they did not appear in this category before. These jets together make up 86 % of all jets in this study. The flankward-propagating jets make up 14 % of all jets and are different, showing no clear association with foreshock structures and exhibiting temperature anisotropy unlike the other jets. We suggest that they could consist of quasi-perpendicular magnetosheath plasma, indicating that these jets could be associated with local turning of the shock geometry from quasi-parallel to quasi-perpendicular. This turning could be due to bow shock reformation at the oblique shock caused by foreshock ultralow-frequency (ULF) wave activity.
Dune belt restoration effectiveness assessed by UAV topographic surveys (northern Adriatic coast, Italy)
Authors: Faelga Regine Anne , Cantelli Luigi , Silvestri Sonia , Giambastiani Beatrice Maria Sole
Published: December 2023

Abstract. Unoccupied aerial vehicle (UAV) monitoring surveys are used to assess a dune restoration project in the protected natural area of the Bevano River mouth on the northern Adriatic coast (Ravenna, Italy). The impacts of the installed fences to aid dune development are quantified in terms of sand volume and vegetation cover changes over 5 years using a systematic data processing workflow based on structure-from-motion (SfM) photogrammetry and the Geomorphic Change Detection (GCD) toolset applied to two drone surveys in 2016 and 2021. Accuracy assessment is performed using statistical analysis between ground-truth and model elevation data. Results show that the fence proves to be effective in promoting recovery and growth since significant sand deposition was observed along the dune foot and front – a total area of 3799 m2, volume of 1109 m3, and average depositional depth of 0.29 m. Progradation of around 3–5 m of the foredune and embryo development were also evident. There was a decrease in blowout features of about 155 m2 due to increased deposition and vegetation colonization. There was also an average percent increase of 160 % on wave-induced driftwood and/or debris along the beach and of 9.6 % vegetation within the fence based on the cover analysis on selected transects. Erosion of around 1439 m2 is apparent mostly at the northern portion of the structure, which could be accounted for by the aerodynamic and morphodynamic conditions around the fence and its configuration to trap sediments and efficiency in doing so. Overall, dune fencing coupled with limiting debris cleaning along the protected coast was effective. The proposed workflow can aid in creating transferable guidelines to stakeholders in integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) implementation on Mediterranean low-lying sandy coasts.
Climatic signatures in early modern European grain harvest yields
Authors: Ljungqvist Fredrik Charpentier , Christiansen Bo , Esper Jan , Huhtamaa Heli , Leijonhufvud Lotta , Pfister Christian , Seim Andrea , Skoglund Martin Karl , Thejll Peter
Published: December 2023

Abstract. The association between climate variability and grain harvest yields has been an important component of food security and economy in European history. Yet, inter-regional comparisons of climate–yield relationships have been hampered by locally varying data types and the use of different statistical methods. Using a coherent statistical framework, considering the effects of diverse serial correlations on statistical significance, we assess the temperature and hydroclimate (precipitation and drought) signatures in grain harvest yields across varying environmental settings of early modern (ca. 1500–1800) Europe. An unprecedentedly large network of yield records from northern (Sweden), central (Switzerland), and southern (Spain) Europe are compared with a diverse set of seasonally and annually resolved palaeoclimate reconstructions. Considering the effects of different crop types and time series frequencies, we find within regions consistent climate–harvest yield associations characterized by a significant summer soil moisture signal in Sweden, winter temperature and precipitation signals in Switzerland, and spring and annual mean temperature signals in Spain. The regional-scale climate–harvest associations are weaker than the recently revealed climate signals in early modern grain prices but similar in strength to modern climate–harvest relationships at comparable spatial scales. This is a noteworthy finding considering the uncertainties inherent in both historical harvest and palaeoclimate data.
The ocean's biological and preformed carbon pumps in future steady-state climate scenarios
Authors: Pasquier Benoît , Holzer Mark , Chamberlain Matthew A.
Published: December 2023

Abstract. The future of the marine carbon cycle is vitally important for climate and the fertility of the oceans. However, predictions of future biogeochemistry are challenging because a myriad of processes needs parameterization and the future evolution of the physical ocean state is uncertain. Here, we embed a data-constrained model of the carbon cycle in steady circulations that correspond to perpetual 2090s conditions as simulated for the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios. Focusing on steady-state changes from preindustrial conditions allows us to capture the response of the system on all timescales, not just on the sub-centennial timescales of typical transient simulations. We find that biological production experiences only modest declines because the reduced nutrient supply by a more sluggish future circulation is counteracted by warming-stimulated growth. Organic-matter export declines by 15–25 % due to reductions in both biological production and export ratios, the latter driven by warming-accelerated shallow respiration and reduced subduction of dissolved organic matter. The future biological pump cycles a 30–70 % larger regenerated inventory accumulated over longer sequestration times, while preformed DIC is shunted away from biological utilization to outgassing. We develop a conceptually new partitioning of preformed DIC to quantify the ocean's preformed carbon pump and its future changes. Near-surface paths of preformed DIC become more important in the future as weakened ventilation isolates the deep ocean. Thus, while regenerated DIC cycling becomes slower in the future, preformed DIC cycling speeds up for inventory changes of similar magnitude.
Ocean alkalinity enhancement approaches and the predictability of runaway precipitation processes – Results of an experimental study to determine critical alkalinity ranges for safe and sustainable application scenarios
Authors: Suitner Niels , Faucher Giulia , Lim Carl , Schneider Julieta , Moras Charly A. , Riebesell Ulf , Hartmann Jens
Published: December 2023

Abstract. To ensure the safe and efficient application of Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement (OAE), it is crucial to investigate its impacts on the carbonate system. While various modeling studies showed promising results in the past, there has been a lack of empirical data to support the applicability of this technology in natural environments. Recent studies have described the effect of runaway precipitation in the context of OAE, showing that calcium carbonate formation was triggered if certain Ωaragonite saturation threshold levels were exceeded. This precipitation can adversely affect the carbon storage capacity and may in some cases result in CO2 emissions. Experiments at the Espeland Marine Biological Station (Bergen, Norway) were conducted to systematically study the chemical consequences of OAE deployment. The experiments lasted for 20–25 days to monitor the temporal development of carbonate chemistry parameters after alkalinity addition and the eventually triggered carbonate precipitation process. Identified uniform patterns before and during the triggered runaway process can be described by empirical functional relationships. For the CO2-equilibrated approaches, total alkalinity levels (TA) of up to 6500 µeq kgsw-1 remained stable without loss of total alkalinity (TA) for up to 20 days. Higher implemented TA levels, up to 11200 µeq kgsw-1, triggered runaway carbonate formation. Ones triggered, the loss of alkalinity continued until Ωaragonite values leveled out at 5.8–6.0, resulting still in a net gain of 3600–4850 µeq kgsw-1 in TA. The CO2-non-equilibrated approaches, however, remained only stable for TA additions of up to 1000 µeq kgsw-1. The systematic behavior of treatments exceeding this level allows to predict the duration of transient stability and the quantity of TA loss after this period. Once triggered, the TA-loss continued in the CO2-non-equilibrated approaches until Ωaragonite values of 2.5–5.0 were reached, in this case resulting in a net loss of TA. To prevent a net loss of TA, treated water must be diluted below the time-dependent critical levels of TA and Ωaragonite within the identified transient stability duration. Identified stability and loss patterns of added TA depend on local environmental conditions impacting the carbonate system, like salinity, temperature, biological activity, and particle abundance. Implementation of such identified stability and loss patterns into ocean biogeochemical models, capable of resolving mixing patterns of treated and untreated water parcels, would allow to predict, from the geochemical perspective, safe local application levels of TA, as well as the fate of added alkalinity, and therefore a more realistic carbon storage potential as if neglecting observed carbonate system response to OAE.
Observation-inferred resilience loss of the Amazon rain forest possibly due to internal climate variability
Authors: Grodofzig Raphael , Renoult Martin , Mauritsen Thorsten
Published: December 2023

Abstract. Recent observation-based studies suggest that the Amazon rain forest has lost substantial resilience since 1990, indicating that the forest might undergo a critical transition in the near future due to global warming and deforestation. The idea is to use trends in lag-1 auto-correlation of leaf density as an early warning signal of an imminent critical threshold for rain forest dieback. Here we test whether the observed change in auto-correlations could arise from internal variability by using historical and control simulations of nine sixth-generation Earth system model ensembles (Phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, CMIP6). We quantify trends in leaf area index auto-correlation from both models and satellite observed vegetation optical depth from 1990 to 2017. Four models reproduce the observed trend with at least one historical realization, whereby the observations lie at the upper limit of model variability. Three out of these four models exhibit similar behavior in control runs, suggesting that historical forcing is not necessary for simulating the observed trends. Furthermore, we do not observe a critical transition in any future runs under the strongest greenhouse gas emission scenario (SSP5-8.5) until 2100 in the four models that best reproduce the past observed trends. Hence, the currently observed trends could be caused simply by internal variability, and, unless the data records are extended, have limited applicability as an early warning signal. Our results suggest that the current rapid decline in Amazon rain forest coverage is mainly caused by local actors.
Last ice sheet recession and landscape emergence above sea level in east-central Sweden, evaluated using in situ cosmogenic 14C from quartz
Authors: Goodfellow Bradley W. , Stroeven Arjen P. , Lifton Nathaniel A. , Heyman Jakob , Lewerentz Alexander , Hippe Kristina , Näslund Jens-Ove , Caffee Marc W.
Published: December 2023

Abstract. In situ 14C in quartz provides a recently developed tool to date exposure of bedrock surfaces up to ~25 000 years. From outcrops located in east-central Sweden, we test the accuracy of in situ 14C dating against (i) a relative sea level (RSL) curve constructed from radiocarbon dating of organic material in isolation basins, and (ii) the timing of local deglaciation constructed from a clay varve chronology complemented with radiocarbon dating. Five samples of granitoid bedrock were taken along an elevation transect extending southwestwards from the Baltic Sea coast near Forsmark. Because these samples derive from bedrock outcrops positioned below the highest postglacial shoreline, they target the timing of progressive landscape emergence above sea level. In contrast, in situ 14C concentrations in an additional five samples taken from granitoid outcrops above the highest postglacial shoreline, located 100 km west of Forsmark, should reflect local deglaciation ages. The ten in situ 14C measurements provide robust age constraints that, within uncertainties, compare favorably with the RSL curve and with the local deglaciation chronology. These data demonstrate the utility of in situ 14C to accurately date ice sheet deglaciation, and durations of postglacial exposure, in regions where cosmogenic 10Be and 26Al routinely return complex exposure results.
The Polar Front in the northwestern Barents Sea: structure, variability and mixing
Authors: Kolås Eivind Hugaas , Fer Ilker , Baumann Till Martin
Published: December 2023

Abstract. In the northwestern Barents Sea the warm and salty Atlantic Water meets the cold and fresh Polar Water, forming a distinct thermohaline front (the Barents Sea Polar Front). Here we present the structure of the front, its variability and associated mixing using observations from two cruises conducted in October 2020 and February 2021 during the Nansen Legacy project, in the region between Hopen Trench and Olga Basin. Ocean stratification, currents, and turbulence data were obtained during seven ship transects across the Polar Front near 77° N, 30° E. These transects are complemented by four missions using ocean gliders, one of which was equipped with microstructure sensors to measure turbulence. Across the front, we observe warm (>2 °C) and salty (>34.8) Atlantic Water intruding below the colder (<0 °C) and fresher (<34.4) Polar Water, setting up a baroclinic front and geostrophic currents reaching 25 cm s-1, with estimated eastward transport of 0.3±0.2 Sv (1 Sv = 1×106 m3 s-1). We observe anomalous warm and cold-water patches on the cold and warm side of the front, respectively, collocated with enhanced turbulence, where dissipation rates of turbulent kinetic energy range between 10-8 and 10-7 W kg-1. Short-term variability below the surface mixed layer arises from tidal currents and mesoscale eddies. While the effects of tidal currents are mainly confined to the bottom boundary layer, eddies induce significant shifts in the position of the front, and alter the isopycnal slopes and the available potential energy of the front. Substantial water mass transformation is observed across the front, likely a result of eddy-driven isopycnal mixing. Despite the seasonal changes in the upper layers of the front (0–100 m) influenced by atmospheric forcing, sea ice formation, and brine rejection, the position of the front beneath 100 m depth remained relatively unperturbed.
HGS-PDAF (version 1.0): A modular data assimilation framework for an integrated surface and subsurface hydrological model
Authors: Tang Qi , Delottier Hugo , Kurtz Wolfgang , Nerger Lars , Schilling Oliver S. , Brunner Philip
Published: December 2023

Abstract. This article describes a modular ensemble-based data assimilation (DA) system, which is developed for an integrated surface-subsurface hydrological model. The software environment for DA is the Parallel Data Assimilation Framework (PDAF), which provides various assimilation algorithms like the ensemble Kalman filters, nonlinear filters, 3D-Var, and combinations among them. The integrated surface-subsurface hydrological model is HydroGeoSphere (HGS), a physically based modelling software for the simulation of surface and variably saturated subsurface flow, as well as, heat and mass transport. The coupling and capabilities of the modular DA system are described and demonstrated using an idealized model of a geologically heterogeneous alluvial river-aquifer system with drinking water production via riverbank filtration. To demonstrate its modularity and adaptability, both single- and multivariate assimilation of hydraulic head and soil moisture observations are demonstrated in combination with individual and joint updating of multiple simulated states (i.e., hydraulic heads and water saturation) and model parameters (i.e., hydraulic conductivity). The new DA system marks an important step towards achieving operational real-time management of coupled surface water-groundwater systems such as riverbank filtration wellfields based on integrated surface-subsurface hydrological models and data assimilation.
Hipoprocessualização pela hiperconectividade: Governança dataísta como ruptura democrática
Authors: de Paula Maciel Júnior Vicente , Freitas Helena Patrícia
Published: December 2023

Starting from the theoretical perspective of the constitutional model of process, in which the process is allocated as a guarantee of fundamental rights, the article aims to analyze how hyperconnectivity, understood as the exaggerated use of technological means, will impact the composition of a mass of data (big data) capable of providing opportunities for the articulation of dataist governance aimed at influencing decision-making. The problem-theme, therefore, is the phenomenon of hypoprocessualization, with the subordination of the process to an inferior position, in contrast to a governance that has as a guideline the manipulation of data, and not the democratic process, for the decision-making process. The hypothesis raised in this article is that the digital turn has given rise to a new excluding power structure that is alien to procedural-democratic premises. For that, the methodology of bibliographic review was used, for the purposes of critical assessment of the demarcated problem.
Reconsidering Ru(li)net: Russian literary self-publishing platforms and the war in Ukraine. A case study of Litnet.com
Authors: Murashova Anna
Published: December 2023

In this paper, I examine online self-publishing literary platforms in Russia from a historical and legislative perspective. Using a mixed methods approach, including digital ethnography, field diary, phenomenological interviews, I trace how the Russian Internet, and particularly literary self-publishing platforms, transformed from a free space without legislation or geographical borders to a limited digital arena controlled by the Russian state. After the Russian invasion of Ukraine, this transformation was complete: the boundaries of the Russian literary Internet coincided with the geographical borders of Russia. The notion of Runet as a community of Russian-speaking people was broken by regulative acts of the Russian government and a war. Literary and online self-publishing practices, contrary to Soviet samizdat, depend on state legislation due to their commercial nature. Regulatory acts limit authors’ capacities to express their thoughts and feelings in literary work.
Hotspots and Trends of Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) Research: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Abbas Qalb E , Ali Fouzia Hadi , Munir Sabra , Arshad Zubair
Published: December 2023

This paper examines environmental, social, and governance literature using bibliometrics. The analysis uses Scopus documents. Bibliometric analysis helps researchers understand a study domain's theoretical foundations, identify earlier research findings, and identify future research directions. This study used bibliometric methods like authors' citation analysis, papers' co-citation analysis, references' co-citation analysis, journals' co-citation analysis, co-occurrence keyword cartography analysis, and ESG publication trend and evolution analyses. This study evaluates 201 Scopus-indexed ESG studies. The researchers conducted bibliometric analysis using VOS viewer. This study found and identified seven key clusters: environmental, ESG, sustainability disclosure, corporate social responsibility, social, ESG performance, and company performance. It also highlights the rise in ESG citations and papers. Due to its considerable publication output and citation impact, "Business Strategy and the Environment" contributes to environmental, social, and governance (ESG) research. This report also suggests various research possibilities in this area. The study's findings have practical implications for environmental, social, and governance (ESG) issues, notably addressing how adopting ESG principles into a firm's plan of action affects its corporate and financial strategies. This article covers significant environmental, social, and governance (ESG) topics and their relation to ESG activities. This study synthesizes influential authors, countries, organizations, and journal sources in the ESG disclosure literature to analyze its evolution. This presents a potential avenue for future scholarly investigations to concentrate on this subject matter.
O museu escolar como proposta didático-pedagógica ao estudo da Geografia nos Anos Iniciais do Ensino Fundamental
Authors: Zuchelli Cucchi Andreia , Nesi Francischett Mafalda
Published: December 2023

O texto apresenta considerações preliminares sobre a pesquisa de doutoramento em Geografia, realizada junto ao Programa de Pós-graduação em Geografia da Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná – UNIOESTE/Campus de Francisco Beltrão. O objetivo consistiu em avaliar o sentido e o significado pedagógico do museu para o ensino e aprendizagem da Geografia, na relação tempo-espaço nos Anos Iniciais do Ensino Fundamental. O desenvolvimento ocorreu a partir de uma proposta didático-pedagógica para o estudo da Geografia, com os estudantes dos 3os anos dos Anos Iniciais do Ensino Fundamental da Escola Municipal Professor Pedro Algeri de Francisco Beltrão/PR. A finalidade consistiu na construção, organização e socialização de uma exposição, em forma de museu no próprio ambiente escolar, com intuito de estudar os conteúdos geográficos, propostos para essa etapa escolar dos participantes. A metodologia de pesquisa se caracteriza como um estudo de caso e os resultados sinalizados a partir da avaliação dos professores, estudantes e familiares, apontam para a viabilidade da proposta de atividade do museu escolar, como forma de dinamizar o processo de ensino e aprendizagem dos conteúdos geográficos, o que colaborou no sentido de proporcionar a compreensão do significado pedagógico e para o processo de formação educativa e cidadã dos estudantes. Ao experienciar a prática de museu escolar como alternativa didático-pedagógica se concretiza a educação geográfica para além do ambiente escolar.
Działalność wychowawczo-oświatowa i dobroczynna Małych Sióstr Niepokalanego Serca Maryi w Częstochowie w latach 1891-1939
Authors: Bożek Łucja
Published: December 2023

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