bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Current Bioengineering Methods for Whole Kidney Regeneration
Authors: Yamanaka Shuichiro , Yokoo Takashi
Published: May 2015

Kidney regeneration is likely to provide an inexhaustible source of tissues and organs for immunosuppression-free transplantation. It is currently garnering considerable attention and might replace kidney dialysis as the ultimate therapeutic strategy for renal failure. However, anatomical complications make kidney regeneration difficult. Here, we review recent advances in the field of kidney regeneration, including (i) the directed differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells/embryonic stem cells into kidney cells; (ii) blastocyst decomplementation; (iii) use of a decellularized cadaveric scaffold; (iv) embryonic organ transplantation; and (v) use of a nephrogenic niche for growing xenoembryos forde novokidney regeneration from stem cells. All these approaches represent potentially promising therapeutic strategies for the treatment of patients with chronic kidney disease. Although many obstacles to kidney regeneration remain, we hope that innovative strategies and reliable research will ultimately allow the restoration of renal function in patients with end-stage kidney disease.
Clinicopathological and Immunological Changes in Indian Post Kala-Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis (PKDL) Cases in relation to Treatment: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Verma Neena , Bimal Sanjiv , Das Vidya Nand Rabi , Pandey Krishna , Singh Dharmendra , Lal Chandra Shekhar , Singh Ashish Kumar , Sinha Prabhat Kumar , Das Pradeep
Published: May 2015

Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) is an important factor in kala-azar transmission; hence its early detection and assessment of effective treatment is very important for disease control. In present study on 60 PKDL cases presented with macular, mixed papulonodular, or erythematous lesions,Leishmania parasiteswere demonstrated microscopically in 91% of papulonodular and 40% of macular lesions. Cellular infiltrates in skin biopsy imprint smears from lesions were mononuclear cells, 25–300/OIF (oil immersion field), predominantly histiocytes with vacuolation, many lymphocytes, some plasma cells, andLeishmaniaamastigotes 0–20/OIF. Cases with no demonstrable parasites were diagnosed on the basis of past history of VL, lesion’s distribution, cytopathological changes, and positive DAT (86.83%). Following antileishmanial treatment with SAG, papulonodular forms of PKDL lesions disappeared clinically but microscopically the mononuclear cells (20–200/OIF) persisted in the dermal lesions. Response observed in macular PKDL lesions was poor which persisted both clinically and cytopathologically. Follow-up of PKDL will assess the effectivity of treatment as either disappearance of lesions or any relapse. Studies on involvement of immunological factors, that is, certain cytokines (IL-10, TGF-β, etc.) and chemokines (macrophage inflammatory protein, MIP 1-α, etc.) in PKDL, may provide insight for any role in the treatment response.
Upper Semicontinuity of Solution Mappings to Parametric Generalized Vector Quasiequilibrium Problems
Authors: Shan Shu-qiang , Han Yu , Huang Nan-jing
Published: May 2015

We establish the upper semicontinuity of solution mappings for a class of parametric generalized vector quasiequilibrium problems. As applications, we obtain the upper semicontinuity of solution mappings to several problems, such as parametric optimization problem, parametric saddle point problem, parametric Nash equilibria problem, parametric variational inequality, and parametric equilibrium problem.
Antithrombotic Effects of Five Organic Extracts of Bangladeshi PlantsIn Vitroand Mechanisms inIn SilicoModels
Authors: Mahmud Sakib , Akhter Samina , Rahman Md. Atiar , Aklima Jannatul , Akhter Shaheen , Merry Syeeda Rayhana , Jubair S. M. Rakibul , Dash Raju , Emran Talha Bin
Published: May 2015

This research was carried out to investigate the thrombolytic effects of the methanolic extracts of five Bangladeshi plants. Phytochemical metabolites of those plants have been identified to elucidate whether the plant-derived metabolites are linked with the thrombolytic effects. Potential computer aided models were adopted in this study to find out a structure-function correlation between the phytochemical constituents and thrombolytic effects using the secondary metabolites as ligands and tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) as receptor for the best fit ligand-receptor interaction.
The Modified JiuWei QiangHuo Decoction Alleviated Severe Lung Injury Induced by H1N1 Influenza Virus by Regulating the NF-κB Pathway in Mice
Authors: Chen Lijuan , Yan Xin , Yan Qianlin , Fan Jiajun , Huang Hai , Shi Xunlong , Han Lei , Han Tianxiong , Zhu Haiyan
Published: May 2015

A new approach to treat infections of highly pathogenic influenza virus is to inhibit excessive innate immune response. JiuWei QiangHuo decoction has been used for centuries for the treatment of pulmonary disorders in China. In this study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory activities of the modified JiuWei QiangHuo (MJWQH) decoction in the treatment of influenza A (H1N1) virus-induced severe pneumonia in mice. The results showed that MJWQH significantly increased the survival rate of H1N1-infected mice and suppressed the production of TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, MCP-1, RANTES, and IFN-αon day 4 after infection. Moreover, oral administration of MJWQH efficiently inhibited virus replication and alleviated the severity of lung injuries. The results also showed that MJWQH may have potential therapeutic effect on severe lung injury induced by H1N1 virus by regulating the NF-κB pathway. Our study suggested that MJWQH might be an alternative therapy for the treatment of viral pneumonia.
Endocytosis of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes in Bronchial Epithelial and Mesothelial Cells
Authors: Maruyama Kayo , Haniu Hisao , Saito Naoto , Matsuda Yoshikazu , Tsukahara Tamotsu , Kobayashi Shinsuke , Tanaka Manabu , Aoki Kaoru , Takanashi Seiji , Okamoto Masanori , Kato Hiroyuki
Published: May 2015

Bronchial epithelial cells and mesothelial cells are crucial targets for the safety assessment of inhalation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), which resemble asbestos particles in shape. Intrinsic properties of multiwalled CNTs (MWCNTs) are known to cause potentially hazardous effects on intracellular and extracellular pathways. These interactions alter cellular signaling and affect major cell functions, resulting in cell death, lysosome injury, reactive oxygen species production, apoptosis, and cytokine release. Furthermore, CNTs are emerging as a novel class of autophagy inducers. Thus, in this study, we focused on the mechanisms of MWCNT uptake into the human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) and human mesothelial cells (HMCs). We verified that MWCNTs are actively internalized into HBECs and HMCs and were accumulated in the lysosomes of the cells after 24-hour treatment. Next, we determined which endocytosis pathways (clathrin-mediated, caveolae-mediated, and macropinocytosis) were associated with MWCNT internalization by using corresponding endocytosis inhibitors, in two nonphagocytic cell lines derived from bronchial epithelial cells and mesothelioma cells. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis inhibitors significantly suppressed MWCNT uptake, whereas caveolae-mediated endocytosis and macropinocytosis were also found to be involved in MWCNT uptake. Thus, MWCNTs were positively taken up by nonphagocytic cells, and their cytotoxicity was closely related to these three endocytosis pathways.
Cytotoxicity of Protein-Carbon Nanotubes on J774 Macrophages Is a Functionalization Grade-Dependent Effect
Authors: Montes-Fonseca Silvia Lorena , Sánchez-Ramírez Blanca , Luna-Velasco Antonia , Arzate-Quintana Carlos , Silva-Cazares Macrina Beatriz , González Horta Carmen , Orrantia-Borunda Erasmo
Published: May 2015

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are used as carriers in medicine due to their ability to be functionalized with chemical substances. However, cytotoxicity analysis is required prior to use forin vivomodels. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of CNTs functionalized with a 46 kDa surface protein fromEntamoeba histolytica(P46-CNTs) on J774A macrophages. With this purpose, CNTs were synthesized by spray pyrolysis and purified (P-CNTs) using sonication for 48 h. A 46 kDa protein, with a 4.6–5.4 pI range, was isolated fromE. histolyticaHM1:IMSS strain trophozoites using an OFFGEL system. The P-CNTs were functionalized with the purified 46 kDa protein, classified according to their degree of functionalization, and characterized by Raman and Infrared spectroscopy.In vitrocytotoxicity was evaluated by MTT, apoptosis, and morphological assays. The results demonstrated that P46-CNTs exhibited cytotoxicity dependent upon the functionalized grade. Contrary to what was expected, P46-CNTs with a high grade of functionalization were more toxic to J774 macrophages than P46-CNTs with a low grade of functionalization, than P-CNTs, and had a similar level of toxicity as UP-CNT. This suggests that the nature of the functionalized protein plays a key role in the cytotoxicity of these nanoparticles.
Correlation between Gastric Mucosal Morphologic Patterns and Histopathological Severity ofHelicobacter pyloriAssociated Gastritis Using Conventional Narrow Band Imaging Gastroscopy
Authors: Tongtawee Taweesak , Kaewpitoon Soraya , Kaewpitoon Natthawut , Dechsukhum Chavaboon , Loyd Ryan A. , Matrakool Likit
Published: May 2015

Background and Aim. Identifying specific gastric mucosal morphologic patterns useful for detectingHelicobacter pyloriassociated gastritis and correlation with histopathological severity.Methods. The endoscopists classified the C-NBI gastroscopic findings into 5 gastric mucosal morphologic patterns as follows: type 1: regular arrangement of collecting venules, type 2: cone-shaped gastric pits, type 3: rod-shaped gastric pits with prominent sulci, type 4: ground glass-like morphology, and type 5: dark brown patches with bluish margin and irregular border. Biopsies of all of the cases were then evaluated by 5 pathologists for definitiveHelicobacter pyloridiagnosis.Result. Type 1 and type 2 patterns were statistically significant in predictingHelicobacter pylorinegative status (58/60,P<0.01). Type 3, type 4, and type 5 patterns were statistically significant in predictingHelicobacter pyloripositive status (132/140,P<0.01). Furthermore, the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of type 3, 4, or 5 morphologies for predictingHelicobacter pyloripositive were 94.28%, 96.66%, 98.50%, and 87.87%, respectively, correlated well with inflammation grading according to the Sydney classification (P<0.01).Conclusion. Our study suggests that gastric mucosal morphologic patterns in theHelicobacter pyloriinfected gastric mucosa can be reliably identified using C-NBI gastroscopy with good correlation with inflammation grading.
The Blocking on the Cathepsin B and Fibronectin Accumulation in Kidney Glomeruli of Diabetic Rats
Authors: Wyczalkowska-Tomasik Aleksandra , Bartlomiejczyk Irena , Wirkowska Agnieszka , Koperski Lukasz , Gornicka Barbara , Paczek Leszek
Published: May 2015

Hyperglycemia results in the activation of tissue angiotensin II. Angiotensin II stimulates the synthesis of ECM proteins and causes a decrease activity of proteolytic enzymes. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of multilevel blocking of the RAAS, cathepsin B activity, and fibronectin accumulation in the glomerular in the rats diabetes model. Sixty male Wistar rats were initially included. Diabetes was induced by intravenous administration of streptozotocin. The animals were randomized to six groups of ten rats in group. Rats in the four groups were treated with inhibitors of the RAAS: enalapril (EN), losartan (LOS), enalapril plus losartan (EN+LOS), and spironolactone (SPIR); another group received dihydralazine (DIH) and the diabetic rats (DM) did not receive any drug. After six weeks, we evaluated blood pressure, 24 h urine collection, and blood for biochemical parameters and kidneys. In this study, fluorometric, ELISA, and immunohistochemical methods were used. Administration of EN+LOS increased activity of cathepsin B in homogenates of glomeruli compared to DM. Losartan treatment resulted in reduction of the ratio kidney weight/body weight compared to untreated diabetic rats. SPIR resulted in the increase activity of cathepsin B in the homogenate of glomeruli. The values of cathepsin B in the plasma of rats in all studied groups were similar and showed no tendency.
Trends in the Levels of Serum Lipids and Lipoproteins and the Prevalence of Dyslipidemia in Adults with Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes in the Southwest Chinese Han Population during 2003–2012
Authors: Tian Jing , Chen Hewen , Jia Fang , Yang Gangyi , Li Shengbing , Li Ke , Zhang Lili , Wu Jinlin , Liu Dongfang
Published: May 2015

Objective. To determine the trends of serum lipid levels and dyslipidemia in adults newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus during 2003–2012 in Southwest China.Methods. Serum lipid measurements of 994 adults were obtained from 5 independent, cross-sectional studies (2003-2004, 2005-2006, 2007-2008, 2009-2010, and 2011-2012). The main outcome measures were mean serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride levels; body mass index; hemoglobin A1C level; and the percentages of patients with dyslipidemia, hypertension, coronary heart disease, and cerebrovascular disease.Results. The mean total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels increased from 4.92 ± 1.15 to 5.30 ± 1.17 mmol/L (P= 0.039) and 2.72 ± 0.83 to 3.11 ± 1.09 mmol/L (P= 0.004), respectively, and the mean HDL cholesterol level declined from 1.22 ± 0.30 to 1.06 ± 0.24 mmol/L (P< 0.001). The percentages of patients with dyslipidemia increased gradually. The incidence of coronary heart and cerebrovascular diseases increased from 8.2% to 19.1% and 6.6% to 15.3%, respectively (P< 0.05).Conclusion. Unfavorable upward trends were observed in serum lipid levels and the prevalence of dyslipidemia, coronary heart disease, and cerebrovascular disease in adults newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Southwest China during 2003–2012.
Iron Homeostasis andTrypanosoma bruceiAssociated Immunopathogenicity Development: A Battle/Quest for Iron
Authors: Stijlemans Benoit , Beschin Alain , Magez Stefan , Van Ginderachter Jo A. , De Baetselier Patrick
Published: May 2015

African trypanosomosis is a chronic debilitating disease affecting the health and economic well-being of developing countries. The immune response during African trypanosome infection consisting of a strong proinflammatory M1-type activation of the myeloid phagocyte system (MYPS) results in iron deprivation for these extracellular parasites. Yet, the persistence of M1-type MYPS activation causes the development of anemia (anemia of chronic disease, ACD) as a most prominent pathological parameter in the mammalian host, due to enhanced erythrophagocytosis and retention of iron within the MYPS thereby depriving iron for erythropoiesis. In this review we give an overview of how parasites acquire iron from the host and how iron modulation of the host MYPS affects trypanosomosis-associated anemia development. Finally, we also discuss different strategies at the level of both the host and the parasite that can/might be used to modulate iron availability during African trypanosome infections.
Effect of Leflunomide on the Abnormal Expression of Lipid Rafts and F-Actin in B Lymphocytes from Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Dong Guang Fu , Zhang Xiao , He De Ning , Li Ling , Zhang Guang Feng
Published: May 2015

Purposes. To investigate the possible changes in B cell subsets and in B cell expression patterns of lipid rafts (LRs) and F-actin in patients with SLE and whether leflunomide treatment may have effect on these changes.Methods. The B cell subsets and LRs expression were determined by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy, and F-actin expression was examined by confocal microscopy.Results. CD27+IgD+B cell subsets were significantly decreased while CD38+CD95+B cell subsets increased in SLE patients. The LRs levels of B cells were remarkably increased and positively correlated with SLEDAI and anti-dsDNA titer in SLE patients. The expression level of LRs was significantly higher in CD38+B cells than CD38−B cells and negatively correlated with C3 levels. The increased expression of LRs was associated with reduced expression of F-actin in the B cells from active SLE patients. Furthermore, in vitro treatment of the cells with A771726 reduced the expression level of LRs, attenuated the overaggregation of LRs, and normalized the distribution of F-actin.Conclusions. There were abnormalities in B cell subsets and LRs and F-actin expression of B cell from SLE patients. Modulation of B cell expression of LRs and F-actin by LEF could be a potential therapeutic target for SLE.
Vascular Effects of Dietary Advanced Glycation End Products
Authors: Stirban Alin , Tschöpe Diethelm
Published: May 2015

Evidence has accumulated lately demonstrating that advanced glycation end products (AGEs) play an important role in the development of diabetic and cardiovascular complications as well as the development of other chronic diseases. AGEs originating from diet have a significant contribution to the AGEs body pool and therefore dietary interventions aiming at reducing AGEs load are believed to exert health promoting effects. This review summarizes the evidence from clinical studies regarding effects of dietary AGEs on the vascular system, highlighting also the different aspects of vascular tests. It also advocates an extension of dietary recommendations towards the promotion of cooking methods that reduce dietary AGEs in consumed foods.
Massive Lingual and Sublingual Haematoma following Postextractive Flapless Implant Placement in the Anterior Mandible
Authors: Limongelli Luisa , Tempesta Angela , Crincoli Vito , Favia Gianfranco
Published: May 2015

Dental implants placement in the anterior mandible with flap or flapless technique is a routine procedure and is considered to be safe. However, serious life-threatening complications may occur. We report the first case of massive lingual and sublingual haematoma following postextractive implant placement in the anterior mandible with flapless technique. A 45-year-old female patient underwent placement of four immediately postextractive implants in the anterior mandible using flapless technique. During the procedure, the patient referred intense acute pain and worsening sign of airway obstruction, dysphagia, dyspnea, and speech difficulties. Bimanual compression of the mouth floor, lingual surface of the mandible, and submental skin was maintained for approximately 25 minutes in order to stop the bleeding. Computerized tomography highlighted the massive lingual and sublingual haematoma. The symptoms and signs had almost completely resolved in the next 48 hours. The prevention of these complications is mandatory with clinical and CT analyses, in order to highlight mandibular atrophy and to select carefully the correct length and angulation of bone drilling and to keep more attention to the flapless technique considering the elevation of a lingual mucoperiosteal flap to access the mandibular contour intraoperatively and to protect the sublingual soft tissues and vasculature in high risk cases.
Global Methylation and Hydroxymethylation in DNA from Blood and Saliva in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Godderis Lode , Schouteden Caroline , Tabish Ali , Poels Katrien , Hoet Peter , Baccarelli Andrea A. , Van Landuyt Kirsten
Published: May 2015

Aims. We describe a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method to quantify and compare simultaneously global methylation and hydroxymethylation in human DNA of different tissues.Materials and Methods. Blood and saliva DNA from fourteen volunteers was processed for epigenetic endpoints using LC-MS/MS and PCR-pyrosequencing technology.Results. Global DNA methylation was significantly lower in saliva (mean 4.61% ±  0.80%), compared to blood samples (5.70% ± 0.22%). In contrast, saliva (0.036% ± 0.011%) revealed significantly higher hydroxymethylation compared to blood samples (mean 0.027% ± 0.004%). Whereas we did not find significant correlations for both epigenetic measures between the tissues, a significant association was observed between global methylation and global hydroxymethylation in saliva DNA. Neither LINE-1 nor Alu elements of blood and saliva correlated, nor were they correlated with the DNA hydroxymethylation of blood or saliva, respectively.Conclusion. Global DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation of cytosine can be quantified simultaneously by LC-MS/MS. Saliva DNA cannot be considered as a surrogate for blood DNA to study epigenetic endpoints.
Diabetes, Endothelial Dysfunction, and Vascular Repair: What Should a Diabetologist Keep His Eye on?
Authors: Altabas V.
Published: May 2015

Cardiovascular complications are the most common complications of diabetes mellitus. A prominent attribute of diabetic cardiovascular complications is accelerated atherosclerosis, considered as a still incurable disease, at least at more advanced stages. The discovery of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), able to replace old and injured mature endothelial cells and capable of differentiating into healthy and functional endothelial cells, has offered the prospect of merging the traditional theories on the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis with evolving concepts of vascular biology. The literature supports the notion that EPC alterations are involved in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases in diabetics, but at present many questions remain unanswered. In this review the aspects linking endothelial progenitor cells to the altered vascular biology in diabetes mellitus are discussed.
The Emerging Functions of Long Noncoding RNA in Immune Cells: Autoimmune Diseases
Authors: Sigdel Keshav Raj , Cheng Ao , Wang Yin , Duan Lihua , Zhang YanLin
Published: May 2015

The long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are RNA transcripts more than 200 nucleotides in length, which do not encode proteins. The lncRNAs are emerging as an important regulator of biological process, such as chromatin remodeling, gene transcription, protein transport, and trafficking through diverse mechanisms. The lncRNAs play crucial role in various multigenetics human diseases including cancers and neurological diseases and currently its role in autoimmune diseases is attracting many researchers. Recent studies have reported that differentiation and activation of immune cells, T cells, B cells, macrophages, and NK cells have correlation with lncRNAs, which have also an essential role in autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and SLE. Therefore, elucidation of the roles of lncRNAs in autoimmunity could be beneficial to understand the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. In this review article we attempt to highlight the recent progress regarding lncRNAs studies and summarize its role in autoimmune diseases.
Shape-Dependent Energy of an Elliptical Jellium Background
Authors: Ciftja Orion , Escamilla LeDarion , Mills Ryan
Published: May 2015

The jellium model is commonly used in condensed matter physics to study the properties of a two-dimensional electron gas system. Within this approximation, one assumes that electrons move in the presence of a neutralizing background consisting of uniformly spread positive charge. When properties of bulk systems (of infinite size) are studied, shape of the jellium domain is irrelevant. However, the same cannot be said when one is dealing with finite systems of electrons confined in a finite two-dimensional region of space. In such a case, geometry and shape of the jellium background play a role on the overall properties of the system. In this work, we assume that the region where the electrons are confined is represented by a jellium background charge with an elliptical shape. It is shown that, in this case, the Coulomb self-energy of the elliptically shaped region can be exactly calculated in closed analytical form by using suitable mathematical transformations. The results obtained reveal the external influence of geometry/shape on the properties of two-dimensional systems of few electrons confined to a small finite region of space.
Coping with Loss Aversion in the Newsvendor Model
Authors: Sun Jianwu , Xu Xinsheng
Published: May 2015

We introduce loss aversion into the decision framework of the newsvendor model. By introducing the loss aversion coefficientλ, we propose a novel utility function for the loss-averse newsvendor. First, we obtain the optimal order quantity to maximize the expected utility for the loss-averse newsvendor who is risk-neutral. It is found that this optimal order quantity is smaller than the expected profit maximization order quantity in the classical newsvendor model, which may help to explain the decision bias in the classical newsvendor model. Then, to reduce the risk which originates from the fluctuation in the market demand, we achieve the optimal order quantity to maximize CVaR about utility for the loss-averse newsvendor who is risk-averse. We find that this optimal order quantity is smaller than the optimal order quantity to maximize the expected utility above and is decreasing in the confidence levelα. Further, it is proved that the expected utility under this optimal order quantity is decreasing in the confidence levelα, which verifies that low risk implies low return. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate the obtained results and some management insights are suggested for the loss-averse newsvendor model.
Mathematical Model for Elliptic Torus of Automotive Torque Converter and Fundamental Analysis of Its Effect on Performance
Authors: Liu Chunbao , Liu Changsuo , Ma Wenxing
Published: May 2015

Passenger car torque converters have been designed with an increasingly flatter profile in recent years for the purpose of achieving a weight saving and more compact size. However, a flatter design tends to result in the reduced hydrodynamic performance. To improve its performance, a new flat torus of elliptic type method concentrating on the solution to flat TC was put forward, and four torque converters of different flatness ratios were designed to judge the superiority of the flat torus design method. The internal flow characteristics were numerically investigated using CFD codes and resulted in good agreement with experimental data. The results indicate that the main cause of this performance degradation can be attributed to deterioration of the velocity fields of the pump, and a case of flatness ratio 0.8 illustrates the reason that the performance designed by the flat torus design method based on the elliptic shape is more excellent than that of the traditional one. Furthermore, this study proposed a structure of removal of inner ring to improve the performance of torque converter.
Chemical Modifications of Starch: Microwave Effect
Authors: Lewicka Kamila , Siemion Przemysław , Kurcok Piotr
Published: May 2015

This paper presents basic methods of starch chemical modification, the effect of microwave radiation on the modification process, and the physicochemical properties of starch. It has been shown that the modifications contribute to improvement of the material performance and likewise to significant improvement of its mechanical properties. As a result, more and more extensive use of starch is possible in various industries. In addition, methods of oxidized starch and starch esters preparation are discussed. Properties of microwave radiation and its impact on starch (with particular regard to modifications described in literature) are characterized.
Extraction of Clinical Indicators That Are Associated with the Heat/Nonheat and Excess/Deficiency Patterns in Pattern Identifications for Stroke
Authors: Lee Ju Ah , Ko Mi Mi , Lee Jungsup , Kang Byoung-Kab , Alraek Terje , Birch Stephen , Lee Myeong Soo
Published: May 2015

The aim of this study is to extract indicators that are associated with the heat/nonheat and excess/deficiency patterns in stroke pattern identification through the large-scale analysis of clinical data. Two experts, who had more than three years of clinical experience with stroke, independently performed the pattern identification. We analyzed indicators of clinical data with two doctors’ concurrent diagnoses on the patient’s pattern identification. To verify heat/nonheat and excess/deficiency patterns, which are the basic elements of pattern identification, we grouped 960 patients diagnosed as the fire-heat pattern, the Yin deficiency pattern, and the Qi deficiency pattern in to two groups, the heat/nonheat group and the excess/deficiency group. We then extracted significant indicators using univariate and multivariate analysis. As a result of the comparison of 65 indicators, we were able to extract 10 indicators for the heat pattern, 6 for the nonheat pattern, 9 for the excess pattern, and 10 for the deficiency pattern. Extracted indicators in this study can be used for pattern identification in the context of stroke. These are positive indicators from large-scale clinical studies and are greatly expected to be crucial discriminant indicators in individual pattern identification henceforth.
Bridging the Gap between Statistical and Biological Epistasis in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Ebbert Mark T. W. , Ridge Perry G. , Kauwe John S. K.
Published: May 2015

Alzheimer’s disease affects millions of people worldwide and incidence is expected to rise as the population ages, but no effective therapies exist despite decades of research and more than 20 known disease markers. Research has shown that Alzheimer’s disease’s missing heritability remains extensive with an estimated 25% of phenotypic variance unexplained by known variants. The missing heritability may be explained by missing variants or by epistasis. Researchers often focus on individual loci rather than epistatic interactions, which is likely an oversimplification of the underlying biology since most phenotypes are affected by multiple genes. Focusing research efforts on epistasis will be critical to resolving Alzheimer’s disease etiology, and a major key to identifying and properly interpreting key epistatic interactions will be bridging the gap between statistical and biological epistasis. This review covers the current state of epistasis research in Alzheimer’s disease and how researchers can bridge the gap between statistical and biological epistasis to help resolve Alzheimer’s disease etiology.
Reversed Intestinal Rotation Presented as Bowel Obstruction in a Pregnant Woman
Authors: Aranovich David , Schrier Ilan
Published: May 2015

A rare case of complete large bowel obstruction in a pregnant woman, without previous surgical history, due to previously undiagnosed reversed intestinal rotation is presented. The young woman was admitted with progressive nausea and vomiting which did not respond to conventional therapy. Her plain abdominal film revealed signs of small bowel obstruction. On laparotomy, her transverse colon was found to be located beneath the root of small bowel mesentery and completely obstructed by congenital fibrous bands. Postoperative recovery was unremarkable. Surgery for this unusual developmental anomaly is discussed.
BIM‐Based E‐Procurement: An Innovative Approach to Construction E‐Procurement
Authors: Aguiar Costa António , Grilo António
Published: May 2015

This paper presents an innovative approach to e‐procurement in construction,
which uses building information models (BIM) to support the construction procurement process.
The result is an integrated and electronic instrument connected to a rich knowledge base capable of advanced operations and able to strengthen
transaction relationships and collaboration throughout the supply chain. The BIM‐based e‐procurement prototype has been developed using distinct existing electronic solutions and an IFC server and was tested in a pilot case study, which supported further discussions of the results of the research.
Identification of a Novel Heterozygous Missense Mutation in theCACNA1FGene in a Chinese Family with Retinitis Pigmentosa by Next Generation Sequencing
Authors: Zhou Qi , Cheng Jingliang , Yang Weichan , Tania Mousumi , Wang Hui , Khan Md. Asaduzzaman , Duan Chengxia , Zhu Li , Chen Rui , Lv Hongbin , Fu Junjiang
Published: May 2015

Background.Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is an inherited retinal degenerative disease, which is clinically and genetically heterogeneous, and the inheritance pattern is complex. In this study, we have intended to study the possible association of certain genes with X-linked RP (XLRP) in a Chinese family.Methods.A Chinese family with RP was recruited, and a total of seven individuals were enrolled in this genetic study. Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral leukocytes, and used for the next generation sequencing (NGS).Results.The affected individual presented the clinical signs of XLRP. A heterozygous missense mutation (c.1555C>T, p.R519W) was identified by NGS in exon 13 of theCACNA1Fgene on X chromosome, and was confirmed by Sanger sequencing. It showed perfect cosegregation with the disease in the family. The mutation at this position in theCACNA1Fgene of RP was found novel by database searching.Conclusion.By using NGS, we have found a novel heterozygous missense mutation (c.1555C>T, p.R519W) inCACNA1Fgene, which is probably associated with XLRP. The findings might provide new insights into the cause and diagnosis of RP, and have implications for genetic counseling and clinical management in this family.
Screening Active Compounds fromGarciniaSpecies Native to China Reveals Novel Compounds Targeting the STAT/JAK Signaling Pathway
Authors: Xu Linfeng , Lao Yuanzhi , Zhao Yanhui , Qin Jian , Fu Wenwei , Zhang Yingjia , Xu Hongxi
Published: May 2015

Natural compounds from medicinal plants are important resources for drug development. In a panel of human tumor cells, we screened a library of the natural products fromGarciniaspecies which have anticancer potential to identify new potential therapeutic leads and discovered that caged xanthones were highly effective at suppressing multiple cancer cell lines. Their anticancer activities mainly depended on apoptosis pathways. For compounds in sensitive cancer line, their mechanisms of mode of action were evaluated. 33-Hydroxyepigambogic acid and 35-hydroxyepigambogic acid exhibited about 1 μM IC50 values against JAK2/JAK3 kinases and less than 1 μM IC50 values against NCI-H1650 cell which autocrined IL-6. Thus these two compounds provided a new antitumor molecular scaffold. Our report describes 33-hydroxyepigambogic acid and 35-hydroxyepigambogic acid that inhibited NCI-H1650 cell growth by suppressing constitutive STAT3 activation via direct inhibition of JAK kinase activity.
Coronal Pulpotomy Technique Analysis as an Alternative to Pulpectomy for Preserving the Tooth Vitality, in the Context of Tissue Regeneration: A Correlated Clinical Study across 4 Adult Permanent Molars
Authors: Solomon Raji Viola , Faizuddin Umrana , Karunakar Parupalli , Deepthi Sarvani Grandhala , Sree Soumya Sevvana
Published: May 2015

Aim. (1) The aim of the clinical study revolves around the accurate diagnosis, proper case selection, and the management of acute irreversible pulpitis in permanent molars with closed apices using conservative and economical treatment modalities like vital pulpotomies with regenerative approaches over conventional root canal procedures. (2) To evaluate the use of autologous substances such as platelet concentrates and calcium silicate based materials in promoting the healing and regeneration of the inflamed pulp.Summary. Vital pulpotomy was performed on 5 carious involved, permanent molars diagnosed with acute irreversible pulpitis in 17- to 22-year-old patients. Taking into consideration the patient’s age and the condition of the underlying pulp tissue, PRF pulpotomy was planned in view of preserving the vitality of the intact radicular pulps. Regenerative procedures with second generation blood matrices were chosen to encourage the recovery of the inflamed pulps. The systematic follow-up examinations performed at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 22, and 24 months revealed a successful clinical and radiological outcome. Within the limits of the present clinical study and correlating the success across the treated clinical cases, we safely conclude the potential scope of regenerative pulpotomy approaches in acute irreversible pulpitis in adult permanent teeth.
Chinese Herbal Medicine in the Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure: Three-Stage Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Luo Liangtao , Chen Jianxin , Guo Shuzhen , Wang Juan , Gao Kuo , Zhang Peng , Chen Chan , Zhao Huihui , Wang Wei
Published: May 2015

Background. Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) has been used in the treatment of chronic heart failure (CHF) for a long time. Treatment based on syndrome differentiation and the main characteristic of TCM is the fundamental principle of TCM practice. In this study protocol, we have designed a trial to assess the efficacy and safety of CHM on CHF based on syndrome differentiation.Methods/Design. This is a three-stage trial of CHM in the treatment of CHF. The first stage is a literature review aiming to explore the common syndromes of CHF. The second is a multicentral, randomized, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of CHM for the treatment of CHF. The third is a multicentral, randomized controlled clinical trial aiming to make cost-effectiveness analysis and evaluate the feasibility, compliance, and universality of CHM on CHF.Discussion. This trial will evaluate the efficacy, safety, feasibility, compliance, and universality of CHM on CHF. The expected outcome is to provide evidence-based recommendations for CHM on CHF and develop a prescription of CHM in the treatment of CHF. This trial is registered withNCT01939236(Stage Two of the whole trial).
An Anomaly Detection Based on Data Fusion Algorithm in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Guo Xingfeng , Wang Dianhong , Chen Fenxiong
Published: May 2015

In recent years, with the development of wireless sensor networks (WSN), it has been applied in more and more areas. However, energy consumption and outlier detection have been always the hot topics in WSN. In order to solve the above problems, this paper proposes a timely anomaly detection algorithm which is based on the data fusion algorithm. This algorithm firstly employs the piecewise aggregate approximation (PAA) to compress the original data so that the energy consumption can be reduced. It then combines an improved unsupervised detection algorithm of K-Means and artificial immune system (AIS) to classify the compressed data to normal and abnormal data. Finally, relevant experiments on virtual and actual sensor databases show that our algorithm can achieve a high outlier detection rate while the false alarm rate is low. In addition, our detection algorithm can effectively prolong the life because it is based on data fusion algorithm.
Trichomonas vaginalisCysteine Proteinases: Iron Response in Gene Expression and Proteolytic Activity
Authors: Arroyo Rossana , Cárdenas-Guerra Rosa Elena , Figueroa-Angulo Elisa Elvira , Puente-Rivera Jonathan , Zamudio-Prieto Olga , Ortega-López Jaime
Published: May 2015

We focus on the iron response ofTrichomonas vaginalisto gene family products such as the cysteine proteinases (CPs) involved in virulence properties. In particular, we examined the effect of iron on the gene expression regulation and function of cathepsin L-like and asparaginyl endopeptidase-like CPs as virulence factors. We addressed some important aspects about CPs genomic organization and we offer possible explanations to the fact that only few members of this large gene family are expressed at the RNA and protein levels and the way to control their proteolytic activity. We also summarized all known iron regulations of CPs at transcriptional, posttranscriptional, and posttranslational levels along with new insights into the possible epigenetic and miRNA processes.
Finite-Time Formation Control without Collisions for Multiagent Systems with Communication Graphs Composed of Cyclic Paths
Authors: Flores-Resendiz J. F. , Aranda-Bricaire E. , González-Sierra J. , Santiaguillo-Salinas J.
Published: May 2015

This paper addresses the formation control problem without collisions for multiagent systems. A general solution is proposed for the case of any number of agents moving on a plane subject to communication graph composed of cyclic paths. The control law is designed attending separately the convergence to the desired formation and the noncollision problems. First, a normalized version of the directed cyclic pursuit algorithm is proposed. After this, the algorithm is generalized to a more general class of topologies, including all the balanced formation graphs. Once the finite-time convergence problem is solved we focus on the noncollision complementary requirement adding a repulsive vector field to the previous control law. The repulsive vector fields display an unstable focus structure suitably scaled and centered at the position of the rest of agents in a certain radius. The proposed control law ensures that the agents reach the desired geometric pattern in finite time and that they stay at a distance greater than or equal to some prescribed lower bound for all times. Moreover, the closed-loop system does not exhibit undesired equilibria. Numerical simulations and real-time experiments illustrate the good performance of the proposed solution.
Spacecraft Multiple-Impulse Trajectory Optimization Using Differential Evolution Algorithm with Combined Mutation Strategies and Boundary-Handling Schemes
Authors: Zhu Yuehe , Wang Hua , Zhang Jin
Published: May 2015

Since most spacecraft multiple-impulse trajectory optimization problems are complex multimodal problems with boundary constraint, finding the global optimal solution based on the traditional differential evolution (DE) algorithms becomes so difficult due to the deception of many local optima and the probable existence of a bias towards suboptimal solution. In order to overcome this issue and enhance the global searching ability, an improved DE algorithm with combined mutation strategies and boundary-handling schemes is proposed. In the first stage, multiple mutation strategies are utilized, and each strategy creates a mutant vector. In the second stage, multiple boundary-handling schemes are used to simultaneously address the same infeasible trial vector. Two typical spacecraft multiple-impulse trajectory optimization problems are studied and optimized using the proposed DE method. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed DE method efficiently overcomes the problem created by the convergence to a local optimum and obtains the global optimum with a higher reliability and convergence rate compared with some other popular evolutionary methods.
Boundary Value Problems of Fractional Order Differential Equation with Integral Boundary Conditions and Not Instantaneous Impulses
Authors: Li Peiluan , Xu Changjin
Published: May 2015

We investigate the existence of mild solutions for fractional order differential equations with integral boundary conditions and not instantaneous impulses. By some fixed-point theorems, we establish sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of solutions. Finally, two interesting examples are given to illustrate our theory results.
Autoantibody to MDM2: A Potential Serological Marker of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Liu Yuan , Dai Liping , Liu Weihong , Shi Guixiu , Zhang Jianying
Published: May 2015

Introduction.Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is one of the systemic autoimmune diseases characterized by the polyclonal autoantibody production. The human homologue of the mouse double minute 2 (MDM2) is well known as the negative regulator of p53. MDM2 has been reported to be overexpressed in SLE animal model and to promote SLE. Since abnormally expressed proteins can induce autoimmune response, anti-MDM2 autoantibody was examined in SLE patients.Methods.Anti-MDM2 antibody in sera from 43 SLE patients and 69 healthy persons was investigated by ELISA. Positive samples were further confirmed by western blotting. The immunological feathers of anti-MDM2 positive sera were analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence assay. Anti-p53 was also investigated in SLE patients by ELISA, and the correlation of anti-MDM2 and anti-p53 was analyzed.Results.The presence of anti-MDM2 in SLE patients was 23.30%, much higher than normal healthy persons (4.30%). These anti-MDM2 positive sera present a nuclear staining pattern. The presence of anti-p53 in SLE patients was 39.50%, and the titer of anti-MDM2 was positively correlated with anti-p53 in SLE patients.Conclusions.Anti-MDM2 autoantibody was detected at high prevalence in SLE patients. The detection of anti-MDM2 in SLE patients should be clinically useful.
Diverse Cell Populations Involved in Regeneration of Renal Tubular Epithelium following Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Maeshima Akito , Takahashi Shunsuke , Nakasatomi Masao , Nojima Yoshihisa
Published: May 2015

Renal tubular epithelium has the capacity to regenerate, repair, and reepithelialize in response to a variety of insults. Previous studies with several kidney injury models demonstrated that various growth factors, transcription factors, and extracellular matrices are involved in this process. Surviving tubular cells actively proliferate, migrate, and differentiate in the kidney regeneration process after injury, and some cells express putative stem cell markers or possess stem cell properties. Using fate mapping techniques, bone marrow-derived cells and endothelial progenitor cells have been shown to transdifferentiate into tubular components in vivo or ex vivo. Similarly, it has been demonstrated that, during tubular cell regeneration, several inflammatory cell populations migrate, assemble around tubular cells, and interact with tubular cells during the repair of tubular epithelium. In this review, we describe recent advances in understanding the regeneration mechanisms of renal tubules, particularly the characteristics of various cell populations contributing to tubular regeneration, and highlight the targets for the development of regenerative medicine for treating kidney diseases in humans.
Curcumin and Its Analogue Induce Apoptosis in Leukemia Cells and Have Additive Effects with Bortezomib in Cellular and Xenograft Models
Authors: Nagy L. I. , Fehér L. Z. , Szebeni G. J. , Gyuris M. , Sipos P. , Alföldi R. , Ózsvári B. , Hackler L. , Balázs A. , Batár P. , Kanizsai I. , Puskás L. G.
Published: May 2015

Combination therapy of bortezomib with other chemotherapeutics is an emerging treatment strategy. Since both curcumin and bortezomib inhibit NF-κB, we tested the effects of their combination on leukemia cells. To improve potency, a novel Mannich-type curcumin derivative, C-150, was synthesized. Curcumin and its analogue showed potent antiproliferative and apoptotic effects on the human leukemia cell line, HL60, with different potency but similar additive properties with bortezomib. Additive antiproliferative effects were correlated well with LPS-induced NF-κB inhibition results. Gene expression data on cell cycle and apoptosis related genes, obtained by high-throughput QPCR, showed that curcumin and its analogue act through similar signaling pathways. In correlation with in vitro results similar additive effect could be obsereved in SCID mice inoculated systemically with HL60 cells. C-150 in a liposomal formulation given intravenously in combination with bortezomib was more efficient than either of the drugs alone. As our novel curcumin analogue exerted anticancer effects in leukemic cells at submicromolar concentration in vitro and at 3 mg/kg dose in vivo, which was potentiated by bortezomib, it holds a great promise as a future therapeutic agent in the treatment of leukemia alone or in combination.