bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formation of supported lipid bilayers containing phase-segregated domains and their interaction with gold nanoparticles
Authors: Melby Eric S. , Mensch Arielle C. , Lohse Samuel E. , Hu Dehong , Orr Galya , Murphy Catherine J. , Hamers Robert J. , Pedersen Joel A.
Published: September 2015

Here we describe a method to form phase-segregated domain-containing supported lipid bilayers on silica substrates and demonstrate that the presence of these domains can alter nanoparticle interaction with bilayers.
Development and field test of a mobile continuous flow system utilizing Chemcatcher for monitoring of rare earth elements in marine environments
Authors: Petersen Jördis , Pröfrock Daniel , Paschke Albrecht , Broekaert Jose A. C. , Prange Andreas
Published: September 2015

Field testing of the novel system during a cruise in the North Sea yielded precise TWA concentrations of the analytes.
New catalysts for carboxylation of propylene glycol to propylene carbonate via high-throughput screening
Authors: Castro-Osma José A. , Comerford James W. , Heyn Richard H. , North Michael , Tangstad Elisabeth
Published: September 2015

High throughput methodologies screened 81 different metal salts and metal salt combinations as catalysts for the carboxylation of propylene glycol to propylene carbonate, as compared to a 5 mol% Zn(OAc)2/p-chlorobenzene sulfonic acid benchmark catalyst. The reactions were run with added acetonitrile (MeCN) as a chemical water trap. Two new catalysts were thereby discovered, zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate (Zn(OTf)2) and zinc p-toluenesulfonate. The optimal reaction parameters for the former catalyst were screened. Zn(OTf)2 gave an overall propylene carbonate yield of greater than 50% in 24 h, twice as large as the previous best literature yield with MeCN as a water trap, with 69% selectivity and 75% conversion of propylene glycol at 145 °C and 50 bar CO2 pressure.
Light-harvesting antennae based on photoactive silicon nanocrystals functionalized with porphyrin chromophores
Authors: Fermi Andrea , Locritani Mirko , Di Carlo Gabriele , Pizzotti Maddalena , Caramori Stefano , Yu Yixuan , Korgel Brian A. , Bergamini Giacomo , Ceroni Paola
Published: September 2015

Silicon nanocrystals functionalized with tetraphenylporphyrin Zn(ii) chromophores at the periphery perform as light harvesting antennae: excitation of the porphyrin units in the visible spectral region yields sensitized emission of the silicon nanocrystal core in the near infrared with a long lifetime (λmax= 905 nm,τ= 130 μs). This result demonstrates that this hybrid material has a potential application as a luminescent probe for bioimaging.
Capabilities of radiofrequency pulsed glow discharge-time of flight mass spectrometry for molecular screening in polymeric materials: positive versus negative ion mode
Authors: Lobo Lara , Fernández Beatriz , Muñiz Rocío , Pereiro Rosario , Sanz-Medel Alfredo
Published: September 2015

Comparative investigations between positive and negative ionization modes for the analysis of polymeric materials have been tackled using PP-TOFMS.
Me3N-promoted synthesis of 2,3,4,4a-tetrahydroxanthen-1-one: preparation of thiosemicarbazone derivatives, their solid state self-assembly and antimicrobial properties
Authors: Hameed Aminah , Shafiq Zahid , Yaqub Muhammad , Hussain Mazhar , Hussain Muhammad Ajaz , Afzal Muhammad , Tahir Muhammad Nawaz , Naseer Muhammad Moazzam
Published: September 2015

Thiosemicarbazones (5a–5j) have been synthesized from 2,3,4,4a-tetrahydroxanthen-1-one, obtained in high yield through Me3N-promoted domino Baylis–Hillman/oxa-Michael reaction. Their solid-state self-assembly and antimicrobial properties are studied.
Room-temperature, solution-processable organic electron extraction layer for high-performance planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells
Authors: Kim Jong H. , Chueh Chu-Chen , Williams Spencer T. , Jen Alex K.-Y.
Published: September 2015

High-efficiency (15.7%) perovskite solar cell is demonstrated based on a room-temperature and solution processable organic electron extraction layer.
Engineering excitonic dynamics and environmental stability of post-transition metal chalcogenides by pyridine functionalization technique
Authors: Meng Xiuqing , Pant Anupum , Cai Hui , Kang Jun , Sahin Hasan , Chen Bin , Wu Kedi , Yang Sijie , Suslu Aslihan , Peeters F. M. , Tongay Sefaattin
Published: September 2015

Authors present a novel way to achieve doping effectviapyridine intercalation chemistry on a new class of layered materials, post-transition metal chalcogenides (PTMCs), which allows to control properties on demand.
Cellulose nanofibrils improve the properties of all-cellulose composites by the nano-reinforcement mechanism and nanofibril-induced crystallization
Authors: Yang Quanling , Saito Tsuguyuki , Berglund Lars A. , Isogai Akira
Published: September 2015

Transparent all-cellulose composites prepared from cellulose nanofibrils and regenerated cellulose exhibit high mechanical strength, stiffness, thermal stability, and oxygen barrier properties with only 1% cellulose nanofibril content, resulting from the nano-reinforcement mechanism and nanofibril-induced crystallization of cellulose molecules in the matrix.
Attenuating HIV Tat/TAR-mediated protein expression by exploring the side chain length of positively charged residues
Authors: Wu Cheng-Hsun , Chen Yi-Ping , Liu Shing-Lung , Chien Fan-Ching , Mou Chung-Yuan , Cheng Richard P.
Published: September 2015

Altering amino acid side chain lengths enhanced multiple bioactivities and inhibited intracellular protein production.
One-pot synthesis of benzoxaborole derivatives from the palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of alkoxydiboron with unprotected o-bromobenzylalcohols
Authors: Zhu Jianan , Wei Ying , Lin Dongqing , Ou Changjin , Xie Linghai , Zhao Yu , Huang Wei
Published: September 2015

Under very mild conditions, functionalized benzoxaborole derivatives were prepared in good to excellent yieldsviaa palladium-catalyzed Miyaura borylation reaction of readily available unprotectedo-bromobenzylalcohols, and bis(pinacolato)diboron (B2pin2) without the assistance of an acid.
Synthesis and the aggregation induced enhanced emission effect of pyrene based polysiloxanes
Authors: Dong Yang , Yang Zhaomin , Ren Zhongjie , Yan Shouke
Published: September 2015

A pyrene based polysiloxane (PySQ) has been successfully synthesized, which shows aggregation induced enhanced emission (AIEE) and the AIEE effect endows PySQ with a longer photoluminescence lifetime as determined by transient photoluminescence decay measurements.
Improved control through a semi-batch process in RAFT-mediated polymerization utilizing relatively poor leaving groups
Authors: Ilchev Alexander , Pfukwa Rueben , Hlalele Lebohang , Smit Marica , Klumperman Bert
Published: September 2015

The negative effect that a RAFT agent with a poor leaving group has on the evolution of molecular dispersity in a RAFT-mediated polymerization was shown to be mitigated by performing the polymerization in semi-batch mode.
Recent advances in polymer phototransistors
Authors: Gu Pengcheng , Yao Yifan , Feng Linlin , Niu Shujie , Dong Huanli
Published: September 2015

In this MiniRev, we will highlight the recent advances in polymer phototransistors.
Fabrication of MEA based on sulfonic acid functionalized carbon supported platinum nanoparticles for oxygen reduction reaction in PEMFCs
Authors: Gharibi Hussein , Yasi Fatemeh , Kazemeini Mohammad , Heydari Ahmad , Golmohammadi Farhad
Published: September 2015

Polarization curves of a single cell at 80 °C and different relative humidities.
Freestanding Cu nanowire arrays on Ti/Cr/Si substrate as tough nonenzymatic glucose sensors
Authors: Zhang Li , Zhang Junyi , Yang Chunli , Zhao Guangyu , Mu Jianshuai , Wang Yan
Published: September 2015

A tough, reusable and reproducible nonenzymatic sensor based on Cu nanowire arrays for glucose detection.
Magnesium hydroxide nanoplate/graphene oxide composites as efficient adsorbents for organic dyes
Authors: Lee Ju Ran , Bae Ji Young , Jang Wooree , Lee Joong-Hee , Choi Won San , Koo Hye Young
Published: September 2015

Mg(OH)2 nanoplates/graphene oxide nanocomposites: controlled synthesis of Mg(OH)2 nanoplates on the GO surface and the use of the resulting nanocomposites for efficient removal of dyes are presented.
Lewis acid type deep eutectic solvents as catalysts for epoxy resin crosslinking
Authors: Mąka Honorata , Spychaj Tadeusz , Adamus Jakub
Published: September 2015

The curing process of epoxy resin with deep eutectic solvents (DES), composed of choline chloride and ZnCl2or SnCl2, as cationic catalysts has been investigated using rheometry, DSC and FTIR techniques.
PBr3-mediated [5 + 1] annulation of α-alkenoyl-α-carbamoyl ketene-S,S-acetals: access to substituted pyridine-2,6(1H,3H)-diones
Authors: Shi Liping , Zhang Qian , Gan Fengjiao , Zhang Rui , Ding Yuanli , Liu Chun , Dong Dewen
Published: September 2015

Facile and efficient synthesis of substituted pyridine-2,6(1H,3H)-diones via an intramolecular [5 + 1] annulation of readily available α-alkenoyl-α-carbamoyl ketene-S,S-acetals mediated by phosphorus bromide under very mild is developed.
Buckled honeycomb lattice materials and unconventional magnetic responses
Authors: Yang Shengyuan A. , Pan Hui , Zhang Fan
Published: September 2015

We study the magnetic response of two-dimensional buckled honeycomb-lattice materials.
A highly sensitive hemicyanine-based fluorescent chemodosimeter for mercury ions in aqueous solution and living cells
Authors: Chen Yu , Yang Chengyu , Yu Zhenni , Chen Bo , Han Yifeng
Published: September 2015

A novel hemicyanine-based fluorescence turn-on chemodosimeter for Hg2+ by mercury triggered hydrolysis of vinyl ether group has been reported.
Synthesis and size-dependent electrochemical nonenzymatic H2O2 sensing of cuprous oxide nanocubes
Authors: Meng Lingyu , Jiang Deli , Xing Chaosheng , Lü Xiaomeng , Chen Min
Published: September 2015

The smaller size Cu2O nanocubes can effectively increase the electrocatalytic active areas and subsequently promote electron transfer in the reduction of H2O2.
Iodine-mediated regioselective C–N and C–I bond formation of alkenes
Authors: Sun Kai , Ma Fengji , Liu Lulu , Sun Jingjing , Liu Xin , Wang Yachao , Zhang Zhiguo , Zhang Guisheng
Published: September 2015

Iodine mediated intermolecular C–N and C–I bonds formation of alkenes was realized. A series of alkenes could be converted into the aminoiodination products, which are versatile building blocks in organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry.
Enhanced reduction of graphene oxide by high-pressure hydrothermal treatment
Authors: Díez Noel , Śliwak Agata , Gryglewicz Stanisław , Grzyb Bartosz , Gryglewicz Grażyna
Published: September 2015

High-pressure assisted hydrothermal treatment is a green and efficient method for the reduction of graphene oxide. The use of high hydrogen pressure favoured a higher deoxygenation degree and a better restoration of the sp2 conjugation.
Production of a natural red pigment derived from Opuntia spp. using a novel high pressure CO2assisted-process
Authors: Nunes A. N. , Saldanha do Carmo C. , Duarte Catarina M. M.
Published: September 2015

The betalain extraction yield obtained with a novel high pressure CO2assited-process was increased 2-fold compared to water extraction.
Efficient synthesis of functionalized spiro[indoline-3,4′-pyridines] and spiro[indene-2,4′-pyridines] via a three-component reaction
Authors: Zhang Jing , Sun Jing , Yan Chao-Guo
Published: September 2015

Three-component reactions for the synthesis of polysubstituted spiro[indoline-3,4′-pyridines] and spiro[indene-2,4′-pyridines] in good yields and with high diastereoselectivity.
In situ fabrication and infrared emissivity properties of oriented LDHs films on Al substrates
Authors: Zhang Tao , Yu Hanqiang , Zhou Yuming , rong Jian , Qiu Fengxian , Zhang Yumei
Published: September 2015

The fabrication of film materials with controlled structure and desired morphology offers the ability to control the infrared radiation properties.
A multi-functional fluorescent scaffold as a multi-colour probe: design and application in targeted cell imaging
Authors: Kesik M. , Demir B. , Barlas F. B. , Geyik C. , Cevher S. C. , Odaci Demirkol D. , Timur S. , Cirpan A. , Toppare L.
Published: September 2015

A new scaffold material based on a novel targeting strategy has been developed, benefiting from recent progress in the development of tailor-made fluorescent bioprobes for cellular imaging and opening a new viewpoint for further improvements in in vitro and in vivo imaging.
Dip in colorimetric fluoride sensing by a chemically engineered polymeric cellulose/bPEI conjugate in the solid state
Authors: Melone Lucio , Bonafede Simone , Tushi Dorearta , Punta Carlo , Cametti Massimo
Published: September 2015

A novel heterogeneous, selective dip-in sensor for fluoride has been developed by cross-linking oxidized cellulose with branched PEI functionalized with pNO2-phenyl urea units.
A nonenzymatic electrochemical glucose sensor based on mesoporous Au/Pt nanodendrites
Authors: Song Yang , Zhu Chenzhou , Li He , Du Dan , Lin Yuehe
Published: September 2015

Herein, an ultrasensitive and reliable nonenzymatic electrochemical glucose sensor has been developed, which is based on mesoporous Au/Pt nanodendrites prepared by a facile route aided by ultrasonication under mild conditions.
Effects of an acid–alkaline environment on the reactivity of 5-carboxycytosine with hydroxyl radicals
Authors: Jin Lingxia , Zhao Caibin , Zhang Tianlei , Wang Zhiyin , Min Suotian , Wang Wenliang , Wei Yawen
Published: September 2015

The addition of ˙OH to C5C6 double bond and abstraction of H5 from 5-caCyt are more favourable in neutral, acidic and alkaline conditions.
Superior destabilization effects of LiBH4 with the addition of nano-sized nickel ferrite NiFe2O4
Authors: Zhang Jun , Li Ping , Wan Qi , Zhai Fuqiang , Volinsky Alex A. , Qu Xuanhui
Published: September 2015

The addition of a novel nano-sized nickel ferrite oxide (NiFe2O4) shows a remarkable enhancement of the desorption properties of LiBH4.
Preparation of cylindrical multi-compartment micelles by the hierarchical self-assembly of ABC triblock polymer in solution
Authors: Muslim Arzugul , Shi Yi , Yan Yechao , Yao Dongdong , Rexit Abulikemu Abudu
Published: September 2015

Amphiphilic linear ABC triblock copolymer PnBA28-b-PS37-b-P2VP73 was prepared by the RAFT method. Spherical patchy micelles and cylindrical MCMs were formed in different steps of its two-step hierarchical self-assembly in selected solvents.
Boron-doped nanographene: Lewis acidity, redox properties, and battery electrode performance
Authors: Osumi Shinichiro , Saito Shohei , Dou Chuandong , Matsuo Kyohei , Kume Keita , Yoshikawa Hirofumi , Awaga Kunio , Yamaguchi Shigehiro
Published: September 2015

The impact of boron doping on the nature of nanographene was investigated at the molecular level in terms of chemical adsorption with various Lewis bases, spin multiplicity of the two electron-reduced species, and performance as a battery electrode.
Charge screening in RNA: an integral route for dynamical enhancements
Authors: Roh Joon Ho , Tyagi Madhu , Aich Pulakesh , Kim Kimoon , Briber R. M. , Woodson Sarah A.
Published: September 2015

Greater charge-screening density facilitates additional conformational mobility of hydrated tRNAs on sub-nanosecond timescales, while it renders global structures more stable.
N-doped carbon encapsulated ultrathin MoO3 nanosheets as superior anodes with high capacity and excellent rate capability for Li-ion batteries
Authors: Qiu Jiyicheng , Yang Zhanxu , Li Yue
Published: September 2015

The schematic of the fabrication process of MoO3/NC nanosheets.
A membrane-permeable dye for living cells with large two-photon excited fluorescence action cross-sections for bioimaging
Authors: Feng Ruiqing , Sun Yuming , Tian Minggang , Zhang Ge , Zhang Ruoyao , Guo Lifang , Li Xuechen , Yu Xiaoqiang , Zhao Ning
Published: September 2015

A novel TPEF dye is presented, which not only exhibits large TPEF action cross-sections, but also displays high plasma membrane permeability in living cells.
Fine-tuning of gold nanorod dimensions and plasmonic properties using the Hofmeister effects
Authors: Pallares Roger M. , Su Xiaodi , Lim Suo Hon , Thanh Nguyễn T. K.
Published: September 2015

CTAB micelle morphology changes induced by the addition of Hofmeister salts have been studied by cryo-electron microscopy for the first time. The effect of those changes is correlated to the growth of the rods, providing a new method for the fine-tuning of their dimensions.
LDL-lipids from patients with hypercholesterolaemia and Alzheimer's disease are inflammatory to microvascular endothelial cells: mitigation by statin intervention
Authors: Dias H.K. Irundika , Brown Caroline L.R. , Polidori M. Cristina , Lip Gregory Y.H. , Griffiths Helen R.
Published: September 2015

Elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) concentration in mid-life increases the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) in later life. Increased oxidized LDL (oxLDL) modification and nitration is observed during dementia and hypercholesterolaemia. We investigated the hypothesis that statin intervention in mid-life mitigates the inflammatory effects of oxLDL on the microvasculature. Human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVECs) were maintained in transwells to mimic the microvasculature and exposed to patient and control LDL. Blood was obtained from statin-naive, normo- and hyper-lipidaemic subjects, AD with vascular dementia (AD-plus) and AD subjects (n=10/group) at baseline. Only hyperlipidaemic subjects with normal cognitive function received 40 mg of simvastatin intervention/day for 3 months. Blood was re-analysed from normo- and hyper-lipidaemic subjects after 3 months. LDL isolated from statin-naive hyperlipidaemic, AD and AD-plus subjects was more oxidized (agarose gel electrophoretic mobility, protein carbonyl content and 8-isoprostane F2α) compared with control subjects. Statin intervention decreased protein carbonyls (2.5±0.4 compared with 3.95±0.2 nmol/mg; P<0.001) and 8-isoprostane F2α (30.4±4.0 pg/ml compared with 43.5±8.42 pg/ml; P<0.05). HMVEC treatment with LDL-lipids (LDL-L) from hyperlipidaemic, AD and AD-plus subjects impaired endothelial tight junction expression and decreased total glutathione levels (AD; 18.61±1.3, AD-plus; 16.5±0.7 nmol/mg of protein) compared with untreated cells (23.8±1.2 compared with nmol/mg of protein). Basolateral interleukin (IL)-6 secretion was increased by LDL-L from hyperlipidaemic (78.4±1.9 pg/ml), AD (63.2±5.9 pg/ml) and AD-plus (80.8±0.9 pg/ml) groups compared with healthy subject lipids (18.6±3.6 pg/ml). LDL-L isolated after statin intervention did not affect endothelial function. In summary, LDL-L from hypercholesterolaemic, AD and AD-plus patients are inflammatory to HMVECs. In vivo intervention with statins reduces the damaging effects of LDL-L on HMVECs.
Simple high‐resolution CMOS phase frequency detector
Authors: Suraparaju E.R. , Arja P.V.R. , Ren S.
Published: September 2015

A high‐resolution phase frequency detector (PFD) is designed for high‐frequency signal detection and low jitter phase locked loop applications. The proposed PFD eliminates the reset path delay and usage of any latches, minimise the dead zone to near zero by generating narrow pulses at each input rising edge. In addition, the designed PFD completely removes unwanted output glitches, accepts inputs with a large difference in frequency, and also has the ability to drive a large capacitive load with minimal impact on performance. The proposed PFD is designed in 90 nm CMOS technology with a 1.2 V power supply. Simulation results indicate that the proposed design can operate over a wide range of frequencies from 10 kHz to 6 GHz and can detect phase differences for inputs as small as 125 fs for all frequencies of operation and for all process corners. The simulated power consumption is 75 µW at 166.6 MHz with an input phase difference of 125 fs.
Complexity reduction algorithm for prediction unit decision process in high efficiency video coding
Authors: Lee Jong‐Hyeok , Kim Byung‐Gyu , Jun Dong‐San , Jung Soon‐Heung , Choi Jin Soo
Published: September 2015

To provide very high quality and/or high resolution video content under limited bandwidth conditions for transmission or storage, the high efficiency video coding (HEVC) has been recently finalised by the joint collaborative team on video coding. In this study, the authors propose a fast prediction unit (PU) decision method to reduce the computational complexity of HEVC encoder. They use an early PU decision in each coding unit‐level based on spatio‐temporal analyses and depth correlations. They also consider a classification of motion activity. Experimental results show that the encoding complexity can be reduced by up to 38% on average in the random access main profile configuration with only a small bit‐rate increment and a peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) decrement, compared to high efficiency video coding test model (HM) 7.0 reference software.
Systemic and Topical Use of Tranexamic Acid in Spinal Surgery: A Systematic Review
Authors: Winter Sebastian F. , Santaguida Carlo , Wong Jean , Fehlings Michael G.
Published: September 2015

Study Design

Combination of narrative and systematic literature reviews.

Objectives

Massive perioperative blood loss in complex spinal surgery often requires blood transfusions and can negatively affect patient outcome. Systemic use of the antifibrinolytic agent tranexamic acid (TXA) has become widely used in the management of surgical bleeding. We review the clinical evidence for the use of intravenous TXA as a hemostatic agent in spinal surgery and discuss the emerging role for its complementary use as a topical agent to reduce perioperative blood loss from the surgical site. Through a systematic review of published and ongoing investigations on topical TXA for spinal surgery, we wish to make spine practitioners aware of this option and to suggest opportunities for further investigation in the field.

Methods

A narrative review of systemic TXA in spinal surgery and topical TXA in surgery was conducted. Furthermore, a systematic search (using PRISMA guidelines) of PubMed (MEDLINE), EMBASE, and Cochrane CENTRAL databases as well as World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, ClinicalTrials.gov (National Institutes of Health), and International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number registries was conducted to identify both published literature and ongoing clinical trials on topical TXA in spinal surgery.

Results

Of 1,631 preliminary search results, 2 published studies were included in the systematic review. Out of 285 ongoing clinical trials matching the search criteria, a total of 4 relevant studies were included and reviewed.

Conclusion

Intravenous TXA is established as an efficacious hemostatic agent in spinal surgery. Use of topical TXA in surgery suggests similar hemostatic efficacy and potentially improved safety as compared with intravenous TXA. For spinal surgery, the literature on topical TXA is sparse but promising, warranting further clinical investigation and consideration as a clinical option in cases with significant anticipated surgical site blood loss.
Does Traumatic Donor Cause of Death Influence Outcome after Lung Transplantation? A Single-Centre Analysis
Authors: Heckmann Jens , Carstens Henning , Lubarski Jura , Jakob Heinz , Pizanis Nikolaus , Kamler Markus , Pilarczyk Kevin
Published: September 2015

Background Owing to the shortage of donor organs in lung transplantation (LuTX), liberalization of donor selection criteria has been proposed. However, some studies suggested that donor traumatic brain damage might influence posttransplantation allograft function. This article aimed to investigate the association of donor cause of death (DCD) and outcome after LuTX.

Methods A retrospective analysis of 186 consecutive double LuTXs at our institution from January 2000 to December 2008 was performed. DCD was categorized into traumatic brain injury (TBI) and nontraumatic brain injury (NTBI). In addition, NTBI was sub classified as spontaneous intracerebral bleeding (B), hypoxic brain damage (H), and intracerebral neoplasia (N).

Results DCD was classified as TBI in 50 patients (26.9%) and NTBI in 136 patients (73.1%): B in 112 patients (60.2%), H in 21 patients (11.3%), and N in 3 patients (1.6%). Young male donors predominated in group TBI (mean age 36.0 ± 14.5 vs. 42.8 ± 10.7, p < 0.01; 29 males in the TBI group [58.0%] vs. 48 males in the NTBI group [35.3%], p < 0.01). Groups of DCD did not differ significantly by recipient age or gender, recipient diagnosis, donor ventilation time, or paO2/FiO2 before harvesting. TBI donors received significantly more blood (3.4 ± 3.8 vs. 1.8 ± 1.9, p = 0.03). A chest trauma was evident only in group T (n = 7 [3.7%] vs. 0 [0%], p < 0.001). Mode of donor death did not affect the following indices of graft function: length of postoperative ventilation, paO2/FiO2 ratio up to 48 hours, and lung function up to 36 months. One- and three-year survival was comparable with 84.4 and 70.4% for TBI donors versus 89.4% and 69.2% for NTBI donors. Five-year survival tended to be lower in the TBI group but did not reach statistical significance (43.4 vs. 53.9%).

Conclusion This study indicates that traumatic DCD does not affect outcome after LuTX. These results can be achieved with an ideal donor management combined with an individual case-to-case evaluation by an experienced LuTX surgeon.
Persistent draining crossover in DNA and other semi-flexible polymers: Evidence from hydrodynamic models and extensive measurements on DNA solutions
Authors: Mansfield Marc L. , Tsortos Achilleas , Douglas Jack F.
Published: September 2015

Although the scaling theory of polymer solutions has had many successes, this type of argument is deficient when applied to hydrodynamic solution properties. Since the foundation of polymer science, it has been appreciated that measurements of polymer size from diffusivity, sedimentation, and solution viscosity reflect a convolution of effects relating to polymer geometry and the strength of the hydrodynamic interactions within the polymer coil, i.e., “draining.” Specifically, when polymers are expanded either by self-excluded volume interactions or inherent chain stiffness, the hydrodynamic interactions within the coil become weaker. This means there is no general relationship between static and hydrodynamic size measurements, e.g., the radius of gyration and the hydrodynamic radius. We study this problem by examining the hydrodynamic properties of duplex DNA in solution over a wide range of molecular masses both by hydrodynamic modeling using a numerical path-integration method and by comparing with extensive experimental observations. We also considered how excluded volume interactions influence the solution properties of DNA and confirm that excluded volume interactions are rather weak in duplex DNA in solution so that the simple worm-like chain model without excluded volume gives a good leading-order description of DNA for molar masses up to 107 or 108 g/mol or contour lengths between 5 μm and 50 μm. Since draining must also depend on the detailed chain monomer structure, future work aiming to characterize polymers in solution through hydrodynamic measurements will have to more carefully consider the relation between chain molecular structure and hydrodynamic solution properties. In particular, scaling theory is inadequate for quantitative polymer characterization.
Analysis of optical gain threshold in n-doped and tensile-strained germanium heterostructure diodes
Authors: Prost M. , El Kurdi M. , Aniel F. , Zerounian N. , Sauvage S. , Checoury X. , Bœuf F. , Boucaud P.
Published: September 2015

The optical emission of germanium-based luminescent and/or laser devices can be enhanced by tensile strain and n-type doping. In this work, we study by simulation the interplay between electrical transport and optical gain in highly n-doped and intrinsic germanium p-n heterostructure diodes under tensile strain. The effects of strain and doping on carrier mobilities and energy distribution are taken into account. Whereas the n-doping of Ge enhances the filling of the indirect L and Brillouin zone-center conduction band states, the n-doping also reduces the carrier injection efficiency, which is detrimental for the achievement of optical gain at reduced current densities. For applied biaxial strains larger than 1.25%, i.e., far before reaching the cross-over from indirect to direct band gap regime, undoped germanium exhibits a lower optical gain threshold as compared to doped germanium. We also show that the threshold current needed to reach transparency in germanium heterostructures has been significantly underestimated in the previous works.
Design of matching layers for high-frequency ultrasonic transducers
Authors: Fei Chunlong , Ma Jianguo , Chiu Chi Tat , Williams Jay A. , Fong Wayne , Chen Zeyu , Zhu BenPeng , Xiong Rui , Shi Jing , Hsiai Tzung K. , Shung K. Kirk , Zhou Qifa
Published: September 2015

Matching the acoustic impedance of high-frequency (≥100 MHz) ultrasound transducers to an aqueous loading medium remains a challenge for fabricating high-frequency transducers. The traditional matching layer design has been problematic to establish high matching performance given requirements on both specific acoustic impedance and precise thickness. Based on both mass-spring scheme and microwave matching network analysis, we interfaced metal-polymer layers for the matching effects. Both methods hold promises for guiding the metal-polymer matching layer design. A 100 MHz LiNbO3 transducer was fabricated to validate the performance of the both matching layer designs. In the pulse-echo experiment, the transducer echo amplitude increased by 84.4% and its −6dB bandwidth increased from 30.2% to 58.3% comparing to the non-matched condition, demonstrating that the matching layer design method is effective for developing high-frequency ultrasonic transducers.
Note: Design of a laser feedback interferometer with double diffraction system
Authors: Guo Dongmei , Wang Ming
Published: September 2015

A novel laser feedback interferometer with double diffraction system is proposed in this paper. A beam emitted from the laser is incident onto a transmission grating. The mth order beam is vertically reflected by a mirror and diffracted again by the grating. The double-diffracted beam returns into the laser cavity and mixes with the light inside the active cavity, thus generating a modulation of both the amplitude and the frequency of the lasing field. Theoretical analysis and experimental observations show that the output signal of the proposed system depends on the grating pitch and the direction of the phase movement can be obtained from inclination of the interference signal. It provides a potential displacement sensor with high stability and quite a compact configuration.
In-surface confinement of topological insulator nanowire surface states
Authors: Chen Fan W. , Jauregui Luis A. , Tan Yaohua , Manfra Michael , Klimeck Gerhard , Chen Yong P. , Kubis Tillmann
Published: September 2015

The bandstructures of [110] and [001] Bi2Te3 nanowires are solved with the atomistic 20 band tight binding functionality of NEMO5. The theoretical results reveal: The popular assumption that all topological insulator (TI) wire surfaces are equivalent is inappropriate. The Fermi velocity of chemically distinct wire surfaces differs significantly which creates an effective in-surface confinement potential. As a result, topological insulator surface states prefer specific surfaces. Therefore, experiments have to be designed carefully not to probe surfaces unfavorable to the surface states (low density of states) and thereby be insensitive to the TI-effects.
Piezoresponse force microscopy study on ferroelectric polarization of ferroelectric polymer thin films with various structural configurations
Authors: Fu Zongyuan , Zhang Jianchi , Weng Junhui , Chen Weibo , Jiang Yulong , Zhu Guodong
Published: September 2015

Ferroelectric polymer-based memory devices have attracted much attention due to their potential in low-cost flexible memories. However, bad retention property of recorded logic states limited their applications. Though mechanisms of retention degradation in ferroelectric memories are complicated and still an open question, depolarization in ferroelectric polymer layer was regarded as the main influencing factor. Here we reported our piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) study of retention property of polarization states on various ferroelectric polymer based structures. PFM results indicated that, as for ferroelectric/semiconductor structure and ferroelectric/insulator/semiconductor structure with thin insulating layer, both positive and negative polarization states could retain for a relatively long time. Mechanisms of good retention of polarization states were discussed. The discrepancy in bad retention of logic states and good polarization retention of ferroelectric layer was also analyzed.
Intramolecular phenotypic capacitance in a modular RNA molecule
Authors: Hayden Eric J. , Bendixsen Devin P. , Wagner Andreas
Published: September 2015

Significance

Numerous noncoding RNA molecules serve important functional and regulatory roles. How new RNA structures with novel functions emerge through the forces of evolution remains poorly understood. Here, we show how distinct units of structure (modules) within an individual RNA molecule can facilitate this evolution. We show that stress-exposed mutational effects can produce altered RNA structures, providing the raw material for the evolution of new functions. The two modules of the studied RNA molecule serve different roles in this process. This previously unidentified intramolecular mechanism for the hiding and release of mutational effects provides insight into how such a process might have contributed to the evolution of enzyme functions since life’s origins.
Loss of the nodule-specific cysteine rich peptide, NCR169, abolishes symbiotic nitrogen fixation in the
Medicago truncatula dnf7
mutant
Authors: Horváth Beatrix , Domonkos Ágota , Kereszt Attila , Szűcs Attila , Ábrahám Edit , Ayaydin Ferhan , Bóka Károly , Chen Yuhui , Chen Rujin , Murray Jeremy D. , Udvardi Michael K. , Kondorosi Éva , Kaló Péter
Published: September 2015

Significance

In certain legume–rhizobia symbioses, the host plant is thought to control the terminal differentiation of its bacterial partner leading to nitrogen fixation. In
Medicago truncatula
, over 600 genes coding for nodule-specific cysteine-rich (NCR) peptides are expressed during nodule development and have been implicated in bacteroid differentiation. Up to now it was generally assumed that most of these peptides, if not all, act redundantly. By demonstrating that deletion of a single member of the
NCR
gene family can result in an ineffective symbiotic phenotype, we show that specific NCR peptides can have essential, non-redundant roles in controlling bacterial differentiation and symbiotic nitrogen fixation.
Dynamic label-free imaging of lipid nanodomains
Authors: de Wit Gabrielle , Danial John S. H. , Kukura Philipp , Wallace Mark I.
Published: September 2015

Significance

Cell membranes are thought to partition into small (10–100 nm) and transient (<100 ms) lipid platforms or “rafts” to control signaling and trafficking across the membrane. The difficulty in observing such species has made “lipid rafts” a contentious topic. Indirect evidence for their existence has been available for decades, but it has not been possible to reveal their dynamics directly. By exploiting the differences in light scattering from different lipid phases, we achieve dynamic imaging of lipid nanodomains. We observe nanodomain formation, destruction, and coalescence—behaviors previously hypothesized but never observed, yet are critical to their proposed function.
CD31 signals confer immune privilege to the vascular endothelium
Authors: Cheung Kenneth , Ma Liang , Wang Guosu , Coe David , Ferro Riccardo , Falasca Marco , Buckley Christopher D. , Mauro Claudio , Marelli-Berg Federica M.
Published: September 2015

Significance

Maintenance of vascular integrity during effector immune responses occurring in tissues is a prerequisite of a healthy immune response. The mechanism whereby the vascular endothelium remains undamaged while interacting with effector immune cells migrating to the site of inflammation is largely unknown. This study shows that signals mediated by CD31, atrans-homophilic receptor expressed at high levels by the endothelium, are both necessary and sufficient to prevent inflammation-induced endothelial cell death and confer immune privilege to the vascular endothelium. We also provide proof of principle that this property can be harnessed therapeutically in pancreatic β-cell transplantation, whereby CD31 gene transfer alone endows allogeneic targets with indefinite resistance to immune attack in vivo.
Neuropsin (OPN5)-mediated photoentrainment of local circadian oscillators in mammalian retina and cornea
Authors: Buhr Ethan D. , Yue Wendy W. S. , Ren Xiaozhi , Jiang Zheng , Liao Hsi-Wen Rock , Mei Xue , Vemaraju Shruti , Nguyen Minh-Thanh , Reed Randall R. , Lang Richard A. , Yau King-Wai , Van Gelder Russell N.
Published: September 2015

Significance

The behavioral circadian rhythms of mammals are synchronized to light/dark cycles through rods, cones, and melanopsin (OPN4)-expressing, intrinsically photosensitive ganglion cells in the retina. The molecular circadian rhythms in the mammalian retina are themselves synchronized to light/dark signals. We show here that this retinal photoentrainment, in an ex vivo setting, requires neuropsin (OPN5), an orphan opsin in mammals. Remarkably, the circadian clocks in the cornea are also photoentrained ex vivo in an OPN5-dependent manner.
Metaphorical blends and their function in discourse on society
Authors: Schröder Ulrike
Published: September 2015

This article examines two corpora composed of four discourse genres — oral interviews, written interviews, newspaper articles, and non-fiction books — to explore the ways in which ‘society’ is discussed metaphorically in current German and Brazilian discourse. It discusses culture-specific ‘mixed metaphors’ (Lakoff & Johnson 1980) which can be seen as ‘metaphorical scenarios’ (Musolff 2004) or ‘integration networks’ (Fauconnier & Turner 2002, 2008). The results reveal that the Brazilian metaphors tend to incorporate the idea that SOCIETY AS A PERSON has didactic and poetic functions to a high degree. By contrast, the German metaphors have a stronger relation to motion dynamics, frequently argumentatively analyzed from an observer’s point of view. Finally, this article demonstrates that Blending Theory must be extended by a semiotic-contextual view to integrate elements like ‘relevance space’ (Brandt & Brandt 2005), and to account for culture-dependent variation and the involved speech functions displayed by real speakers/writers and hearers/readers in specific communication situations.
Egg quality, embryonic development, and post-hatching phenotype: an integrated perspective
Authors: Williams T.D. , Groothuis T.G.G.
Published: September 2015

Eggs have complex composition where nutrients (resources) and signals potentially also serve as ‘tools’ that mothers might use to influence embryonic and post-hatching development, adjusting offspring phenotype to current environmental conditions and maximising fitness. If females use maternally derived egg components adaptively is there some combination of macro- and micronutrients with which females provision eggs: an ‘optimum’ multivariate egg? If so, this would suggest maternal coupling/uncoupling of egg components which has important implications for several unresolved questions in this field: a) are different maternally derived egg components correlated (positively or negatively) within eggs and what implications does this have for maternal transfer mechanisms?; b) do embryonic mechanisms allow for uncoupling of effects of different egg components, especially where the mother’s ‘optimal’ egg composition does not match that of offspring?; c) are there certain ecological (or life-history) contexts where coupling or uncoupling of different egg components is advantageous, and how is this achieved?
Lauro Quirini
Authors: Parry Seth
Published: September 2015

Lauro Quirini (b. 1420–d. 1479) was a major Venetian humanist of the mid-15th century. He was born into a patrician family and pursued academic interests in his early life. He studied at the University of Padua, receiving doctoral degrees in arts in 1440 and law in 1448. Quirini was a recognized master in Greek and Latin, and he used his linguistic skills to spread his love of Aristotle in the original Greek. He participated in a number of controversies with fellow humanists (such as Poggio Bracciolini, Leonardo Bruni, and Lorenzo Valla) and corresponded with others. He translated a number of works into Latin from Greek and wrote a series of treatises concerning nobility. These treatises—which use Aristotelian categories to argue that nobility is an inborn attribute of the patriciate—are one of Quirini’s major legacies. In 1452, though, he relocated from Venice to Crete where his family owned lands. He remained there for the rest of his life, trading in a number of commodities. While on Crete, Quirini acted as a go-between book dealer for Cardinal Bessarion, with whom he maintained a lifelong relationship. As a result of his relocation, Quirini did not participate in Venetian domestic politics, a feature that differentiates him from other Venetian humanists, who usually pursued an active political career alongside their intellectual interests. Quirini’s second contemporary legacy is the series of letters he wrote from Crete concerning his worries about the advance of the Ottoman Empire after its conquest of Constantinople. In true humanist fashion, he particularly highlighted the impact that the fall of this ancient capital had on culture, maintaining that Turkish victories threatened the continued existence and preservation of countless antique manuscripts.
Evolutionary Medicine
Authors: Gluckman Peter , Low Felicia
Published: September 2015

Evolutionary medicine, sometimes referred to as Darwinian medicine, is an emerging academic field that employs evolutionary principles to aid in the understanding of human health and disease at the levels of both the individual and the population. While its main value lies in giving an ultimate (evolutionary) perspective to patterns of health and disease, there are areas of clinical medicine and public health where it has direct application. Whereas the bulk of clinical medicine is focused on issues of proximate causation and, in particular, pathophysiological mechanisms and their treatment, evolutionary perspectives focus on understanding how and why traits evolved and how they confer greater or lesser disease risk. Evolutionary perspectives also give weight to ecological dimensions, particularly the positioning of individuals within their social and environmental context, and also their relationship to other organisms, including gut microbiota, parasites, and infectious agents. A core principle of evolutionary medicine is that selection has operated to optimize reproductive fitness, and that this is not the same as selection for health or longevity. Indeed, selection pressures wane with age, and humans have had increasing median lifespans in recent centuries, leading to greater incidence of diseases that occur in the post-reproductive period. Another distinctive feature is an appreciation of the role of cultural evolution and technology in changing the environments within which humans now live—changes that can exaggerate the mismatch between evolved biology and the environment, with health consequences. Selection can occur not only at the level of the whole organism but also at the level of a cellular clone, and evolutionary concepts have become important in understanding the progression of cancer. More controversially, evolutionary concepts are contributing to understanding the origin of human behavior at both an individual and a group level, and also to understanding some psychiatric symptomatology. Evolutionary history also contributes to disease risk through anatomical and biochemical vestiges such as the appendix or the lack of the gene to synthesize ascorbic acid (and prevent scurvy); through genetic mechanisms such as founder effects and balancing selection; and through the evolution of defense mechanisms that may operate excessively (e.g., autoimmune disorders), which can explain much common symptomatology (e.g., fever). Being well versed in evolutionary concepts enables medical students and clinicians to integrate factual knowledge of cellular biology, physiology, and anatomy into a meaningful framework, thus promoting a better understanding of human health and disease. This sentiment is being embraced by a growing number of medical schools worldwide as evidenced by the inclusion of evolutionary medicine into the core curricula.
The Subaru FMOS Galaxy Redshift Survey (FastSound). III. The mass–metallicity relation and the fundamental metallicity relation at z ∼ 1.4
Authors: Yabe Kiyoto , Ohta Kouji , Akiyama Masayuki , Bunker Andrew , Dalton Gavin , Ellis Richard , Glazebrook Karl , Goto Tomotsugu , Imanishi Masatoshi , Iwamuro Fumihide , Okada Hiroyuki , Shimizu Ikkoh , Takato Naruhisa , Tamura Naoyuki , Tonegawa Motonari , Totani Tomonori
Published: September 2015

We present the results from a large near-infrared spectroscopic survey made with Subaru/FMOS (FastSound) consisting of ∼ 4000 galaxies at z ∼ 1.4 with significant Hα detection. We measure the gas-phase metallicity from the [N ii]λ6583/Hα emission line ratio of the composite spectra in various stellar mass and star-formation rate bins. The resulting mass–metallicity relation generally agrees with previous studies obtained in a similar redshift range to that of our sample. No clear dependence of the mass–metallicity relation on star-formation rate is found. Our result at z ∼ 1.4 is roughly in agreement with the fundamental metallicity relation at z ∼ 0.1 with a fiber aperture corrected star-formation rate. We detect significant [S ii]λλ6716,6731 emission lines from the composite spectra. The electron density estimated from the [S ii]λλ6716,6731 line ratio ranges from 10–500 cm−3, which generally agrees with that of local galaxies. On the other hand, the distribution of our sample on [N ii]λ6583/Hα vs. [S ii]λλ6716,6731/Hα is different to that found locally. We estimate the nitrogen-to-oxygen abundance ratio (N/O) from the N2S2 index, and find that the N/O in galaxies at z ∼ 1.4 is significantly higher than the local values at a fixed metallicity and stellar mass. The metallicity at z ∼ 1.4 recalculated with this N/O enhancement taken into account decreases by 0.1–0.2 dex. The resulting metallicity is lower than the local fundamental metallicity relation.