bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Administrative and Claims Data Help Predict Patient Mortality in Intensive Care Units by Logistic Regression: A Nationwide Database Study
Authors: Hsu Yu-Ting , He Yi-Ting , Ting Chien-Kun , Tsou Mei-Yung , Tang Gau-Jun , Pu Christy
Published: February 2020

Background. Increasing attention has been paid to the predictive power of different prognostic scoring systems for decades. In this study, we compared the abilities of three commonly used scoring systems to predict short‐term and long‐term mortalities, with the intention of building a better prediction model for critically ill patients. We used the data from the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) in Taiwan, which included information on patient age, comorbidities, and presence of organ failure to build a new prediction model for short‐term and long‐term mortalities. Methods. We retrospectively collected the medical records of patients in the intensive care unit of a regional hospital in 2012 and linked them to the claims data from the NHIRD. The Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score, Elixhauser Comorbidity Index (ECI), and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) were compared for their predictive abilities. Multiple logistic regression tests were performed, and the results were presented as receiver operating characteristic curves and C‐statistic. Results. The APACHE II score has the best predictive power for inhospital mortality (0.79; C − statistic = 0.77 − 0.83) and 1‐year mortality (0.77; C − statistic = 0.74 − 0.79). The ECI and CCI alone have poorer predictive power and need to be combined with other variables to be comparable to the APACHE II score, as predictive tools. Using CCI together with age, sex, and whether or not the patient required mechanical ventilation is estimated to have a C‐statistic of 0.773 (95% CI 0.744‐0.803) for inhospital mortality, 0.782 (95% CI 0.76‐0.81) for 30‐day mortality, and 0.78 (95% CI 0.75‐0.80) for 1‐year mortality. Conclusions. We present a new prognostic model that combines CCI with age, sex, and mechanical ventilation status and can predict mortality, comparable to the APACHE II score.
¿Quién lo diría? Chile exporta energía eléctrica y gas a Argentina
Authors: De Elejalde Ramiro
Published: February 2020

El 29 de enero de este año, el ministro de Energía Máximo Pacheco anunció un acuerdo para vender -a partir de mayo- 5,5 millones de metros cúbicos diarios de gas natural licuado (GNL) a Argentina. La operatoria se realizaría por dos zonas. Por el norte utilizando el terminal de GNL Mejillones y el gasoducto NorAndino de la Región de Antofagasta, y por la zona central utilizando el terminal GNL Quintero y el gasoducto GasAndes de la Región Metropolitana. El 12 de febrero de 2016, Chile comenzó la exportación de energía eléctrica a Argentina. Para dicha venta se utiliza la línea Andes-Salta que interconecta el Sistema Interconectado del Norte (SING) chileno con el Sistema Argentino de Interconexión (SADI) en Argentina. Dicha línea se construyó para traer electricidad desde Salta al norte de Chile, pero dejó de ocuparse en la segunda mitad de la década pasada por la crisis del gas argentino. En los meses de febrero y marzo se exportaron 37.070 MWh. Continuar leyendo...
Pensiones
Authors: López Fernando
Published: February 2020

La polémica por las altas jubilaciones de algunos funcionarios de Gendarmería ha intensificado las críticas y el descontento social con nuestro sistema de pensiones. A este escándalo se suma la decepción por las bajas pensiones, excesivas utilidades de las AFP y los intentos -por parte de algunas de ellas- por reducir su carga tributaria. A raíz de estos eventos, han surgido una serie de opiniones, como la idea de volver al sistema de reparto, que ha provocado desorientación en la opinión pública y que alimentan aspiraciones poco realistas. Este artículo tiene un objetivo pedagógico y es una suerte de revancha por las tantas veces en que (infructuosamente) he tratado de explicar este fenómeno a los descontentos. Anecdóticamente, parte de este fracaso se debe al hecho de que al poco andar de la conversación, la molestia con las AFP se combina con la expresión de otros descontentos, con lo cual se pierde el foco inicial. Continuar leyendo...
Reforma tributaria: Cada vez más lejos de un sistema tributario eficiente
Authors: González Madrid René
Published: February 2020

El Estado, en virtud de su potestad tributaria, establece impuestos como principal fuente de financiamiento estatal provenientes de las economías privadas. Junto con ello, diseña un cuerpo de normas que permite la recaudación, administración y fiscalización del cumplimiento de las obligaciones tributarias de los contribuyentes de una nación. Este conjunto de elementos es lo que denominamos un Sistema Tributario. Continuar leyendo...
Incentivos tributarios a las donaciones
Authors: Butelmann Andrea , Rojo Pedro
Published: February 2020

Durante el último tiempo en nuestro país, producto de diversos desastres naturales se ha puesto de manifiesto el rol de las empresas, fundaciones y grandes patrimonios personales respecto de la institución de la donación. Casos como el de Lucy Avilés, Andrónico Luksic, Leonardo Farkas y otras personas que anónimamente realizan aportes para efectos de colaborar con una primera ayuda a los damnificados por incendios, terremotos y otra catástrofes generadas por la naturaleza, motivan a reflexionar respecto de si en nuestro país -con independencia de las circunstancias particulares que conllevan a realizar donaciones millonariasexisten incentivos sociales, económicos, políticos o de otro orden para que la institución de la donación sea una práctica habitual y no un hecho aislado y/o circunstancial.
Las Contribuciones de Bienes Raíces: Un Impuesto al Patrimonio al Borde de la Constitución
Authors: González René
Published: February 2020

Entre las distintas formas en que se pueden clasificar los tributos, encontramos los impuestos y las contribuciones. El impuesto se define como una cantidad de dinero que una persona – natural o jurídica – entrega al Estado, por haber incurrido en un acto jurídico que permite el nacimiento de una obligación tributaria, sin proporcionarle a la persona o contribuyente, en el momento del pago, un servicio o prestación individual. Continuar leyendo...
El surgimiento de nuevas islas
Authors: González Pablo
Published: February 2020

Más allá de las noticias y especulaciones para los próximos años, es difícil predecir las consecuencias más profundas de esta nueva situación mundial. La era Trump ha traído una gran cantidad de desafíos para las relaciones comerciales internacionales. Para ser justos, no es él el culpable de iniciarla precisamente, aunque quizás las decisiones adoptadas en Estados Unidos estén contribuyendo a amalgamar distintos componentes que se encuentran en la sociedad global. Continuar leyendo...
Negociando con el Estado
Authors: Abarzúa Eduardo , Ljubetic Yerko
Published: February 2020

En los próximos días se conocerán los resultados de la segunda Encuesta Anual para el Diagnóstico de la Relaciones Laborales en la Administración Central del Estado (ENCLACE), correspondiente al año 2017 y que forma parte de un convenio entre la Dirección del Servicio Civil y la Facultad de Economía y Negocios de la Universidad Alberto Hurtado. La Encuesta se inscribe en la urgente necesidad de reunir datos e información que permitan alimentar el necesario análisis y debate acerca del Estado y las proyecciones de las relaciones laborales como marco en el que se desenvuelven los miles de funcionarios y las autoridades de la Administración Central. Continuar leyendo...
Segregación urbana en Gran Santiago
Authors: De Elejalde Ramiro
Published: February 2020

Gran Santiago es una urbe con altos grados de segregación urbana. La figura 1 muestra las distintas comunas de Gran Santiago según el promedio del ingreso per cápita del hogar. El color en el gráfico clasifica a las comunas desde la más pobres (azul claro) a la más ricas (azul oscuro). Podemos observar que hay ordenamiento casi perfecto a medida que nos movemos de poniente a oriente. Continuar leyendo...
¿Una modernización tributaria o contra reforma tributaria?
Authors: Borges Humberto , Pinto Perry Germán R.
Published: February 2020

Las principales discusiones de la nueva reforma tributaria se han enfrascado en si el rótulo de Modernización Tributaria es el correcto o si es mejor denominarla Contra Reforma Tributaria. Lo cierto es que hay que alejarse del eslogan y discutir los temas de fondo que llevaron a tener en la palestra nuevamente las leyes tributarias. Continuar leyendo...
Pensando un nuevo pacto social para Chile
Authors: Álvarez Rafael , Borges Humberto , González Lennin , Saavedra Eduardo , Llanos Scarlett , García Carlos , Otero Camila , Piñera Pablo , Edwards Nicolás , Sanfuentes Andrés , Cáceres Lorena , Sanderson Danitza , Palma Javiera , Soto Isidora , Tapia José A. , Mondaca Daniela , Espinoza Matías , Álvarez Joaquín
Published: February 2020

El 18 de octubre de 2019 fue el comienzo del llamado Estallido Social. Este fue una reacción al desencanto del Pacto Social, en particular si se entiende como la política y las instituciones que componen el Estado de los ciudadanos de Chile. Continuar leyendo...
Caso colusión
Authors: Agostini Claudio , Saavedra Eduardo
Published: February 2020

La acusación de colusión que el Fiscal Nacional Económico realizó contra las tres más grandes cadenas de farmacias generó un escándalo. Pero tal vez más controversia ha causado el hecho de que Fasa –la cadena que denunció y reconoció el ilícito–, colabore con las autoridades a cambio de una reducción en la multa que le corresponde. Es la figura de la “delación compensada”. La reparación del daño causado a los consumidores es harina de otro costal. Continuar leyendo...
Cómo domar los espíritus animales
Authors: García Toledo Carlos J.
Published: February 2020

¿Cuál será el desenlace de la crisis fi nanciera internacional en la economía chilena? ¿Implementará la autoridad monetaria medidas no convencionales para enfrentar un escenario cada vez peor, tal como lo han hecho países desarrollados? ¿Serán medidas excesivamente expansivas, que generen un resurgimiento de la inflación y con ello una recesión posterior por aumento excesivo de las tasas de interés? Muchas dudas. Mucha incertidumbre. Continuar leyendo...
¿Un mundo al revés?
Authors: Foxley Juan
Published: February 2020

Buena parte de la información que emiten las AFP y la Superintendencia respectiva descansa en la idea de que la toma de riesgos es recompensada con mayores rentabilididades. La idea es correcta y está avalada empíricamente. Continuar leyendo...
¿Cómo será la evolución del empleo?
Authors: García Carlos , Navarro Lucas
Published: February 2020

El grafico ilustra la posible evolución del empleo considerando lo que ha ocurrido en los últimos diez años. Después de la caída del empleo y los salarios reales, el impulso monetario tiende a que la economía recobre su dinamismo y con ello el empleo. Continuar leyendo...
¿Hacia dónde va el peso chileno?
Authors: Foxley Juan
Published: February 2020

Predecir la caída de 13.8% del tipo de cambio nominal del US Dólar en este año habría sido, en el mejor de los casos, un afán ilusorio (y en el peor, una asesoría fraudulenta). Siempre habrá alguien que acierte pronósticos, pero no es posible saber si ello es genialidad o suerte. Continuar leyendo...
Una huella para el vino chileno
Authors: Borregaard Nicola
Published: February 2020

¿Se ha preguntado cuánto contribuye usted al cambio climático al tomar una copa de vino? Para la gran mayoría de nosotros esta pregunta puede parecer irrelevante y hasta caricaturesca. Sin embargo, hoy el sector vitivinícola se prepara para tener una respuesta. Y lo hace porque así lo pide el mercado. La medición de la “huella de carbono”, el rastro de las emisiones de carbono generadas por la producción y el transporte de un producto, está entrando con mucha fuerza en los principales destinos de productos exportados chilenos: Europa, Estados Unidos y Japón. Continuar leyendo...
2012
Authors: García Carlos
Published: February 2020

En las últimas semanas, las noticias negativas sobre la economía mundial para el 2012 están reduciendo también las expectativas de crecimiento de la economíachilena para ese año. Según una encuesta del Banco Central de Chile, las expectativas de crecimiento del PIB han pasado de un esperanzador 5,5% a un menos optimista 4,5%. En el peor de los casos, este crecimiento podría llegar a ser, según algunos analistas, de 3,0% si las condiciones externas siguen empeorando. Continuar leyendo...
¿Puede volver a caer el dólar?
Authors: García T. Carlos José
Published: February 2020

El actual valor del dólar está en un equilibrio precario. Durante lo que resta de 2007 hay varios factores que pueden cambiar las expectativas de mercado empujando el valor del dólar por debajo de los niveles actuales. En el frente doméstico están las presiones inflacionarias: todo indica que pueden surgir sorpresas por este lado, especialmente por el dinamismo de la demanda agregada privada, que en parte está detrás del buen comportamiento observado de la economía durante el primer trimestre de 2007. Continuar leyendo...
Descontento regional
Authors: Abarzúa Eduardo
Published: February 2020

Desde el año pasado hemos visto el surgimiento de fuertes movimientos sociales en diferentes regiones del país que ameritan plantearse preguntas acerca de nuestras prácticas de (des)centralización y de organización política a nivel regional. ¿Cómo dar sentido a lo que sucede en las regiones? ¿Es un asunto político contingente o es un síntoma de un proceso histórico no resuelto? El tema no es nuevo; nuestro país carece de un modelo consensuado de desarrollo para sus regiones. La forma como Chile se ha armado territorialmente siempre ha sido desde el centro, sin consideración de las particularidades de nuestras regiones. Continuar leyendo...
Lucro e inequidad en el ADN de la educación universitaria
Authors: Saavedra Eduardo
Published: February 2020

¿Por qué es tan caro lo que se cobra en la educación superior chilena, comparado incluso, con países desarrollados? La respuesta sería “porque entrega una educación de muy buena calidad”, lo que es cierto dentro del contexto regional, pero no si se compara con la de países desarrollados: mientras cuatro universidades chilenas aparecen en los rankings entre las 10 mejores de América Latina, sólo dos de ellas están entre las 500 mejores del mundo( QS Times para el año 2011). En consecuencia, hurgando un poco más encontramos que el valor no depende sólo de la poca regulación del sector, sino de los incentivos perversos que ella coloca respecto de los aranceles que se cobran. Continuar leyendo...
Las Isapre
Authors: Vargas Verónica
Published: February 2020

En noviembre se informó que las utilidades de las Isapre aumentaron un 31% entre enero y septiembre de 2012. En total suman $66.352 millones de ganancias. En este artículo la académica Verónica Vargas entrega luces sobre cómo simplificar transparentar los planes y precios para el beneficio de los usuarios. Continuar leyendo...
¿Qué ha pasado con la subcontratación laboral?
Authors: Navarro Lucas
Published: February 2020

En el inconsciente colectivo chileno hablar de subcontratación laboral inmediatamente se relaciona a precariedad y conflictividad. En ese sentido, la última ley de 2007 es una respuesta a esos problemas, pues apunta a un mejor control del cumplimiento de las obligaciones laborales de la empresa contratista y fija responsabilidades mínimas de la empresa principal en materia de higiene, seguridad y prevención de riesgos. Después de muchos años de implementada la norma, cabe preguntarse cómo ha evolucionado esta práctica en los años recientes y si se ha percibido algún efecto. Continuar leyendo...
La (no) panacea de "educación gratuita para todos"
Authors: Perticará Marcela , Román Marcela
Published: February 2020

Durante toda la campaña presidencial hemos escuchado argumentos a favor y en contra del tema de la gratuidad universal en educación: una de las reformas de fondo propuestas por la presidenta electa Michelle Bachelet. En este artículo queremos explicar por qué creemos que, antes de discutir sobre gratuidad de la educación superior, debemos garantizar educación gratuita y de calidad en los niveles inicial, básico y medio. Esto, no quiere decir que se deba “acabar” con el sector particular subvencionado, sino que deben existir nuevas reglas para el funcionamiento y financiamiento de los colegios públicos, privados con subvención y para la carrera docente. Continuar leyendo...
Reforma laboral
Authors: Perticara Marcela
Published: February 2020

La reforma laboral - junto a la tributaria, constitucional y educacional- es uno de los cuatro pilares del programa del actual gobierno. Así lo ha asegurado la ministra del Trabajo, Javiera Blanco. Sin embargo, ya entrando en el último trimestre del año, poco se sabe de los detalles de ésta. Es más, a mediados de octubre, la misma ministra habría dicho en una reunión con la bancada del Partido Socialista, que probablemente esta reforma se aplique en 2016, para cuando se espera un mejor ciclo económico. La verdad es que independiente de los ciclos de la economía, es imperioso comenzar a discutir qué tipo de organización queremos para el mercado laboral. No voy a defender ciegamente, sin acceso a la letra chica, las ideas planteadas por la CUT y el gobierno, ya que sólo sabemos, a grandes rasgos, que apuntan a “fortalecer” la organización sindical. Continuar leyendo...
Regulación Transfronteriza: No siempre más es mejor
Authors: Silva Consuelo
Published: February 2020

Durante las últimas décadas hemos observado un rápido crecimiento en la integración financiera internacional, proceso en el que grandes instituciones financieras se han extendido a operar de forma transfronteriza. Este creciente fenómeno tiene ciertos beneficios, como que permite a los bancos locales gozar de un mayor nivel de diversificación en sus portafolios, lo que además genera un beneficio desde el punto de vista de los consumidorespues provee de una mayor diversificación a los oferentes de crédito lo que aumenta la competencia en el sector. Adicionalmente, esta expansión facilita el comercio, la transferencia de tecnología y know-how a través de los distintos países. Continuar leyendo...
TNFα Blockade in Checkpoint Inhibition: The Good, the Bad, or the Ugly?
Authors: Weber Jeffrey S. , Postow Michael A.
Published: February 2020

The impact on survival of steroids and TNFα blockade to treat immune-related toxicity from checkpoint blockade with ipilimumab, nivolumab/pembrolizumab, or combined ipilimumab and nivolumab was assessed using data from a large national database. Using steroids was associated with better survival than the use of TNFα-blocking antibodies such as infliximab.

See related article by Verheijden et al., p. 2268
Heat Shock Protein 47 Maintains Cancer Cell Growth by Inhibiting the Unfolded Protein Response Transducer IRE1α
Authors: Yoneda Akihiro , Sakai-Sawada Kaori , Minomi Kenjiro , Tamura Yasuaki
Published: February 2020

HSP47 is a collagen-specific protein chaperone expressed in fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, and stromal cells. HSP47 is also expressed in and involved in growth of cancer cells in which collagen levels are extremely low. However, its role in cancer remains largely unclear. Here, we showed that HSP47 maintains cancer cell growth via the unfolded protein response (UPR), the activation of which is well known to be induced by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. We observed that HSP47 forms a complex with both the UPR transducer inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α) and ER chaperone BiP in cancer cells. Moreover, HSP47 silencing triggered dissociation of BiP from IRE1α and IRE1α activation, followed by an increase in the intracellular level of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Increase in ROS induced accumulation of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal-protein adducts and activated two UPR transducers, PKR-like ER kinase (PERK) and activating transcription factor 6α (ATF6α), resulting in impaired cancer cell growth. Our work indicates that HSP47 expressed in cancer cells relieves the ER stress arising from protein synthesis overload within these cells and tumor environments, such as stress induced by hypoxia, low glucose, and pH. We also propose that HSP47 has a biological role that is distinct from its normal function as a collagen-specific chaperone.

Implications:

HSP47 maintains cancer cell growth by inhibiting IRE1α.
Adiposity Change Over the Life Course and Mammographic Breast Density in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Han Yunan , Berkey Catherine S. , Herman Cheryl R. , Appleton Catherine M. , Alimujiang Aliya , Colditz Graham A. , Toriola Adetunji T.
Published: February 2020

Mammographic breast density is a strong risk factor for breast cancer. We comprehensively investigated the associations of body mass index (BMI) change from ages 10, 18, and 30 to age at mammogram with mammographic breast density in postmenopausal women. We used multivariable linear regression models, adjusted for confounders, to investigate the associations of BMI change with volumetric percent density, dense volume, and nondense volume, assessed using Volpara in 367 women. At the time of mammogram, the mean age was 57.9 years. Compared with women who had a BMI gain of 0.1–5 kg/m2 from age 10, women who had a BMI gain of 5.1–10 kg/m2 had a 24.4% decrease [95% confidence interval (CI), 6.0%–39.2%] in volumetric percent density; women who had a BMI gain of 10.1–15 kg/m2 had a 46.1% decrease (95% CI, 33.0%–56.7%) in volumetric percent density; and women who had a BMI gain of >15 kg/m2 had a 56.5% decrease (95% CI, 46.0%–65.0%) in volumetric percent density. Similar, but slightly attenuated associations were observed for BMI gain from ages 18 and 30 to age at mammogram and volumetric percent density. BMI gain over the life course was positively associated with nondense volume, but not dense volume. We observed strong associations between BMI change over the life course and mammographic breast density. The inverse associations between early-life adiposity change and volumetric percent density suggest that childhood adiposity may confer long-term protection against postmenopausal breast cancer via its effect of mammographic breast density.
The Combined Effect of Polygenic Risk from FTO and ADRB2 Gene Variants, Odds of Obesity, and Post-Hipcref Diet Differences
Authors: Tan Pui Yee , Mitra Soma Roy
Published: February 2020

Background: Computing polygenic risk scores (PRS) to predict the degree of risk for obesity may contribute to weight management programs strategically. Objectives: To investigate the combined effect of FTO rs9930501, rs9930506, and rs9932754 and ADRB2 rs1042713 and rs1042714 using PRS on (1) the odds of obesity and (2) post-intervention differences in dietary, anthropometric, and cardiometabolic parameters in response to high-protein calorie-restricted, high-vitamin E, high-fiber (Hipcref) diet intervention in Malaysian adults. Methods: Both a cross-sectional study (n = 178) and a randomized controlled trial (RCT) (n = 128) were conducted to test the aforementioned objectives. PRS was computed as the weighted sum of the risk alleles possessed by each individual participant. Participants were stratified into first (PRS 0–0.64), second (PRS 0.65–3.59), and third (PRS 3.60–8.18) tertiles. Results: The third tertile of PRS was associated with significantly higher odds of obesity: 2.29 (95% CI = 1.11–4.72, adjusted p = 0.025) compared to the first tertile. Indians (3.9 ± 0.3) had significantly higher PRS compared to Chinese (2.1 ± 0.4) (p = 0.010). In the RCT, a greater reduction in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels was found in second and third tertiles after Hipcref diet intervention compared to the control diet (p interaction = 0.048). Conclusion: Higher PRS was significantly associated with increased odds of obesity. Individuals with higher PRS had a significantly greater reduction in hsCRP levels after Hipcref diet compared to the control diet.
Microvascular Decompression Alone without Rhizotomy Is an Effective Way of Treating Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia: Clinical Analysis of 46 Cases
Authors: Zheng Xuan , Wei Xiang-Yu , Zhu Jin , Yuan Yan , Ying Ting-Ting , Li Shi-Ting
Published: February 2020

Background: Microvascular decompression (MVD) has been the right choice for glossopharyngeal neuralgia (GPN) patients. However, whether glossopharyngeal/vagal nerve root rhizotomy should be combined with MVD is still controversial. Objective: To evaluate whether glossopharyngeal/vagal nerve root rhizotomy during MVD is necessary for the treatment of GPN. Methods: We performed a retrospective study of 46 GPN patients who underwent MVD surgery alone in our hospital, and their patient demographics, clinical presentations, and intraoperative findings are shown. The immediate and long-term follow-up outcomes were investigated to show the treatment’s efficiency and safety; the outcome was also compared with our previous study. The relevant literature was reviewed to show complications for GPN patients undergoing glossopharyngeal/vagal nerve root rhizotomy with MVD. Results: The most common offending vessel was the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (60.9%). 100% of the patients were pain-free (score of I on the Barrow Neurological Institute pain intensity [BNI-P] scale) immediately after MVD surgery, while 1 patient relapsed with occasional pain 12 months after the operation (score of III on the BNI-P scale). Poor wound healing and hearing loss were found in 1 case each. No complications related to the glossopharyngeal nerve/vagal nerve were reported. Some surgical techniques, such as thorough exploration of the CN IX–X rootlets, full freeing from arachnoid adhesions, and usage of a moist gelatin sponge, can improve the success rate of the operation. Conclusions: MVD alone without rhizotomy is an effective and safe method for patients with GPN.
Additions to the Odonata (Insecta) fauna of Asansol-Durgapur Industrial Area, West Bengal, India
Authors: Nayak Amar Kumar
Published: February 2020

Previously, a total of 57 species of Odonata were reported from the Asansol-Durgapur Industrial Area, India.  In this present attempt the author reports an additional six species occurring from the same region.  Among six of the species were found between January 2016 and September 2019, with one of them belonging to the Aeshnidae family, two to the Gomphidae family, two to the Libellulidae family, and only one damselfly from the Lestidae family.  The species Gomphidia leonorae Mitra, 1994 has been reported in this paper for the second time from West Bengal, India, after a gap of 23 years, from Durgapur Barrage, which is situated at the end point of the study area.
Aortic Aneurysms and Dissections Series
Authors: Shen Ying H. , LeMaire Scott A. , Webb Nancy R. , Cassis Lisa A. , Daugherty Alan , Lu Hong S.
Published: February 2020

The aortic wall is composed of highly dynamic cell populations and extracellular matrix. In response to changes in the biomechanical environment, aortic cells and extracellular matrix modulate their structure and functions to increase aortic wall strength and meet the hemodynamic demand. Compromise in the structural and functional integrity of aortic components leads to aortic degeneration, biomechanical failure, and the development of aortic aneurysms and dissections (AAD). A better understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of AAD will facilitate the development of effective medications to treat these conditions. Here, we summarize recent findings on AAD published in
ATVB
. In this issue, we focus on the dynamics of aortic cells and extracellular matrix in AAD; in the next issue, we will focus on the role of signaling pathways in AAD.
Beverage Consumption and Longitudinal Changes in Lipoprotein Concentrations and Incident Dyslipidemia in US Adults: The Framingham Heart Study
Authors: Haslam Danielle E. , Peloso Gina M. , Herman Mark A. , Dupuis Josée , Lichtenstein Alice H. , Smith Caren E. , McKeown Nicola M.
Published: February 2020

Background

Limited data are available on the prospective relationship between beverage consumption and plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentrations. Two major sources of sugar in the
US
diet are sugar‐sweetened beverages (
SSBs
) and 100% fruit juices. Low‐calorie sweetened beverages are common replacements.

Methods and Results

Fasting plasma lipoprotein concentrations were measured in the FOS (Framingham Offspring Study) (1991–2014; N=3146) and Generation Three (2002–2001; N=3584) cohorts. Beverage intakes were estimated from food frequency questionnaires and grouped into 5 intake categories. Mixed‐effect linear regression models were used to examine 4‐year changes in lipoprotein measures, and Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios for incident dyslipidemia, adjusting for potential confounding factors. We found that regular (>1 serving per day) versus low (<1 serving per month)
SSB
consumption was associated with a greater mean decrease in high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (β±standard error −1.6±0.4 mg/dL;
P
trend
<0.0001) and increase in triglyceride (β±standard error: 4.4±2.2 mg/dL;
P
trend
=0.003) concentrations. Long‐term regular
SSB
consumers also had a higher incidence of high triglyceride (hazard ratio, 1.52; 95%
CI,
1.03–2.25) compared with low consumers. Although recent regular low‐calorie sweetened beverage consumers had a higher incidence of high non–high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (hazard ratio, 1.40; 95%
CI
, 1.17–1.69) and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (hazard ratio, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.05–1.53) concentrations compared with low consumers, cumulative average intakes of low‐calorie sweetened beverages were not associated with changes in non–high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations, or incident dyslipidemias.

Conclusions

SSB intake was associated with adverse changes in high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations, along with a higher risk of incident dyslipidemia, suggesting that increased SSB consumption may contribute to the development of dyslipidemia.
Impact of Different Electronic Cohort Definitions to Identify Patients With Atrial Fibrillation From the Electronic Medical Record
Authors: Shah Rashmee U. , Mukherjee Rebeka , Zhang Yue , Jones Aubrey E. , Springer Jennifer , Hackett Ian , Steinberg Benjamin A. , Lloyd‐Jones Donald M. , Chapman Wendy W.
Published: February 2020

Background

Electronic medical records (
EMR
s) allow identification of disease‐specific patient populations, but varying electronic cohort definitions could result in different populations. We compared the characteristics of an
electronic medical record
–derived atrial fibrillation (
AF
) patient population using 5 different electronic cohort definitions.

Methods and Results

Adult patients with at least 1
AF
billing code from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2017, were included. Based on different electronic cohort definitions, we trained 5 different logistic regression models using a labeled training data set (n=786). Each model yielded a predicted probability; patients were classified as having
AF
if the probability was higher than a specified cut point. Test characteristics were calculated for each model. These models were then applied to the full cohort and resulting characteristics were compared. In the training set, the comprehensive model (including demographics, billing codes, and natural language processing results) performed best, with an area under the curve of 0.89, sensitivity of 0.90, and specificity of 0.87. Among a candidate population (n=22 000), the proportion of patients identified as having
AF
varied from 61% in the model using diagnosis or procedure
International Classification of Diseases
(
ICD
) billing codes to 83% in the model using natural language processing of clinical notes. Among identified
AF
patients, the proportion of patients with a
CHA
2
DS
2
‐
VAS
c score ≥2 varied from 69% to 85%;
oral anticoagulant
treatment rates varied from 50% to 66% depending on the model.

Conclusions

Different electronic cohort definitions result in substantially different
AF
study samples. This difference threatens the quality and reproducibility of electronic medical record–based research and quality initiatives.
Molecular characterisation and phylogenetic position of Hemicycliophora labiata Colbran, 1960, from turfgrass in Korea, with comments on its morphology
Authors: Mwamula Abraham Okki , Kim Yeong Ho , Na Heebeen , An Hyeon Jeong , Kim Young Ho , Lee Dong Woon
Published: February 2020

Hemicycliophora labiata was reported from the rhizosphere of Poa pratensis and for the first time in Korea. Females and juveniles are molecularly characterised and morphological and morphometric descriptions supplied. Species identification was made using an integrative approach considering morphological characteristics and the results of the analyses of the D2-D3 expansion segment of 28S rRNA, ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 of rRNA and the partial COI gene sequences. The phylogenetic position of H. labiata is resolved after recent misidentifications due to the existence of a wide morphological plasticity within the genus. Females and juveniles from Korea conform to the original description and also to subsequent species descriptions from Australia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, and India. Despite the close morphological similarities with H. typica de Man, 1921, the two species can be adequately differentiated based on molecular data. This is the first molecular characterisation of H. labiata. The use of molecular markers in species delimitation continues to explore the existence of species complexes, thus providing a better understanding of the unresolved species biodiversity within this speciose genus.
On the availability of the family-group name Lychnocolacidae (Strepsiptera)
Authors: ENGEL MICHAEL S.
Published: February 2020

In a phylogenetic study of the insect order Strepsiptera, the peculiar paleotropical genus Lychnocolax Bohart, 1951 was recovered as the sister group to Stylopidae + Xenidae rather than as nested among the Myrmecolacidae (McMahon et al., 2011). Accordingly, the genus was removed from the myrmecolacids and placed in a family of its own (Kathirithamby & Engel, 2014). Kathirithamby & Engel (2014) erroneously attributed the family-group name to Bohart (1951) and therefore provided nothing more than diagnostic traits in the form of a dichotomous key to families. Cook (2019) rightly noted that Bohart (1951) provided only an account of the genus but retained it within Myrmecolacidae and did not establish a higher category for Lychnocolax. Accordingly, the first usage of a family-group name based on Lychnocolax was by Kathirithamby & Engel (2014) (Cook, 2019). Unfortunately, their usage of the name does not meet the criteria required to make the name available from that date and source (ICZN, 1999). Specifically, after 1999 all new family-group names, aside from being based on an available type genus and accompanied by a description in words (ICZN, 1999: Arts. 13.1 and 13.2), must also meet the following criteria pertinent to the current case : 1) must be explicitly indicated as new (Art. 16.1), and 2) must be accompanied by a clear citation of the type genus (Art. 16.2). While Kathirithamby & Engel (2014) did base the name on an available type genus and included diagnostic characters to differentiate the family from other groups, they did not explicitly indicate the name as new (since they erroneously attributed the name to Bohart), nor did they specifically note the type genus (even if it was apparent from the formation of the familial name). Thus, given the failure to satisfy Articles 16.1 and 16.2 (ICZN, 1999), the family-group name based on Lychnocholax Bohart, 1951 must be considered as unavailable from the publication of Kathirithamby & Engel (2014). Although the family name has been mentioned a few times subsequently (e.g., Lu & Liu, 2014; Kathirithamby et al., 2015; Engel et al., 2016; Kathirithamby, 2018; Cook, 2019), none of these latter uses satisfy the requirements of the ICZN (1999). Therefore, this nomenclatural oversight is here corrected utilizing the diagnostic traits outlined in the key of Kathirithamby & Engel (2014).
Description of the larvae of three species of the genus Mordellistena (Coleoptera: Mordellidae) with notes on their ecology
Authors: ZEMOGLYADCHUK ALEKSEI , BUIALSKA NATALIIA
Published: February 2020

The mature larvae of Mordellistena luteipalpis Schilsky, 1895, M. koelleri Ermisch, 1956 and M. brevicauda (Bohemann, 1849) are described for the first time. The descriptions are illustrated with photographs of habitus and drawings of the key characters of the larvae. The larva of M. brevicauda differs significantly from the other known larvae of Mordellistena species by fused apical processes and 2-segmented antennae. Ecological data of all three species are presented and discussed. M. luteipalpis is recorded for the first time from Ukraine and Belarus.
Understanding Interdependent Climate Change Risks Using a Serious Game
Authors: Undorf Sabine , Tett Simon F. B. , Hagg Joseph , Metzger Marc J. , Wilson Chris , Edmond Graham , Jacques-Turner Miranda , Forrest Stuart , Shoote Marion
Published: February 2020

Anthropogenic climate change calls for rapid and enormous cuts in emissions of CO2 and other greenhouse gases to mitigate future impacts. Even with these, however, many changes will continue to occur over the next 20–30 years adding to those already observed. Adaptation is crucial and urgent, but identifying strategies is complex and requires dialogue and cooperation among stakeholders, especially for infrastructure that exhibits interdependent risks in that failure in one type may impact others. A serious game was codeveloped with infrastructure operators to communicate climate projections and climate hazards to them; identify potential interdependencies, cascading impacts, cumulative effects, and vulnerability hot spots; and engage them to improve cooperation and enable a shared understanding of cross-cutting climate risks and interdependencies. In the game, players provide present-day infrastructure services in the Inverclyde district, Scotland, as they experience a plausible decade of 2050s weather characterized by a sequence of hazard events. This sequence was extracted from climate model projections to ensure scientific plausibility. The infrastructure operators were responsible for drinking water and gas supplies, road and rail transport, wastewater treatment, and civil infrastructure. When playing the game the participating U.K. infrastructure providers felt that although there were challenges, they could cope with 2050s climate change. None of the projected hazard events were anticipated to cause catastrophic impact cascades on infrastructure. The game was positively received, and the study suggests it is a useful tool to both communicate climate hazards and explore potential interdependent risks by bringing together stakeholders’ individual expertise in an engaging way.
Convective Dynamics and the Response of Precipitation Extremes to Warming in Radiative–Convective Equilibrium
Authors: Abbott Tristan H. , Cronin Timothy W. , Beucler Tom
Published: February 2020

Tropical precipitation extremes are expected to strengthen with warming, but quantitative estimates remain uncertain because of a poor understanding of changes in convective dynamics. This uncertainty is addressed here by analyzing idealized convection-permitting simulations of radiative–convective equilibrium in long-channel geometry. Across a wide range of climates, the thermodynamic contribution to changes in instantaneous precipitation extremes follows near-surface moisture, and the dynamic contribution is positive and small but is sensitive to domain size. The shapes of mass flux profiles associated with precipitation extremes are determined by conditional sampling that favors strong vertical motion at levels where the vertical saturation specific humidity gradient is large, and mass flux profiles collapse to a common shape across climates when plotted in a moisture-based vertical coordinate. The collapse, robust to changes in microphysics and turbulence schemes, implies a thermodynamic contribution that scales with near-surface moisture despite substantial convergence aloft and allows the dynamic contribution to be defined by the pressure velocity at a single level. Linking the simplified dynamic mode to vertical velocities from entraining plume models reveals that the small dynamic mode in channel simulations (2% K−1) is caused by opposing height dependences of vertical velocity and density, together with the buffering influence of cloud-base buoyancies that vary little with surface temperature. These results reinforce an emerging picture of the response of extreme tropical precipitation rates to warming: a thermodynamic mode of about 7% K−1 dominates, with a minor contribution from changes in dynamics.
Fiber motion model based on yarn-forming mechanism in airflow
Authors: Li Xinrong , Lv Pengfei , Liu Lidong , Bu Zhaoning
Published: February 2020

With the development of the textile industry, requirements relating to the quality of spinning of fibers to form yarn are becoming increasingly stringent. This paper analyzes the force of fibers in airflow to develop a drafting model and a twisted structural model of airflow, and numerically simulates the internal flow field of the drafting and twisting structures to obtain the optimal parameters for the model and nozzle. The structure is designed to improve the spinnability of different fibers. A fluid–solid coupling simulation is used to analyze the movement of fibers in the drafting channel, and parameters of the model are analyzed and optimized. The proposed model provides theoretical support for improving the speed and quality of spinning.
“How to Give a Killer Pitch?” Performances of Entrepreneurial Narratives as Identity Models in Higher Education
Authors: Komulainen Katri , Siivonen Päivi , Kasanen Kati , Räty Hannu
Published: February 2020

In this ethnographic research, we explore the entrepreneurial narratives performed by entrepreneurs (from outside academia) as desirable identity-building models for Finnish university students during an Entrepreneurship Week course. We also reflect on the accessibility of these identity models for students in terms of gender, class, and education. Our analysis shows that, although the entrepreneurs were positioned as role models for all students, through performances of masculine entrepreneurial identities with certain kinds of special talents and social divisions between groups (i.e., female entrepreneurs, wageworkers, and researchers in ivory towers), it was apparent that not all university students are entrepreneurial types. In addition, the performed narratives challenged the traditional interpretations of what it means to be an academically educated graduate in working life (e.g., in terms of upward mobility). We conclude that Entrepreneurship Week was more about training an entrepreneurial workforce than acquiring skills needed in business. Our study provides a critical perspective both on how neoliberal governance operates in entrepreneurship education and on what kinds of entrepreneurial identities future higher education graduates should possess. We suggest that academics should take an active role in creating more inclusive narratives and identity-building models for academic entrepreneurship.
The different expression of glycogen phosphorylases in renal clear cell renal carcinoma and chromophobe renal carcinoma
Authors: Lu Yang , Luo Guangda , Zhu Songbiao , Wang Xu , Chen Yuling , Dong ZhouHuan , Wang Shiyu , Ma Jie , Deng Haiteng , Wu Di , Dong Jun
Published: February 2020

Background

The various pathogenesis between Clear cell renal carcinoma (CCRCC) and Chromophobe renal carcinoma (CHRCC) contributes to the different tumor growth rate and metastasis. In this study, we explored the distinct proteomic profiles between these two cancers and found different expression of glycogen phosphorylases in two cancers.

Methods

We explored novel targets by proteomics. Five CCRCC cases and five CHRCC cases were selected for tandem mass tag-labeling liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (LC–MS). Gene ontology and KEGG pathway were applied for bioinformatic analysis. Glycogen phosphorylases were detected by Western blotting.

Results

CHRCC were younger, more commonly female, and had larger tumors compared to those with CCRCC. 101 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in CCRCC and 235 DEPs in CHRCC were detected by LC–MS. It was found that disruption of metabolic pathways, epithelial cell differentiation, and cell response were the common characters for two tumor types. Activation of cell–cell adhesion and oxidation–reduction process stimulate CCRCC growth and epithelial cell differentiation and transferrin transport was involved in CHRCC growth, We also found that oxidative phosphorylation is activated in CHRCC and inhibited in CCRCC. More importantly, we found and confirmed that upregulation of glycogen phosphorylase liver type in CCRCC and glycogen phosphorylase brain type in CHRCC mediated differential glycogenolysis in the two tumor types, which could serve as potential therapeutic targets.

Conclusion

We found different expression of glycogen phosphorylases in CCRCC and CHRCC by quantitative proteomics, which provides potential therapeutic targets in the future.
Downregulation of hsa-microRNA-204-5p and identification of its potential regulatory network in non-small cell lung cancer: RT-qPCR, bioinformatic- and meta-analyses
Authors: Liang Chang-Yu , Li Zu-Yun , Gan Ting-Qing , Fang Ye-Ying , Gan Bin-Liang , Chen Wen-Jie , Dang Yi-Wu , Shi Ke , Feng Zhen-Bo , Chen Gang
Published: February 2020

Background

Pulmonary malignant neoplasms have a high worldwide morbidity and mortality, so the study of these malignancies using microRNAs (miRNAs) has attracted great interest and enthusiasm. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical effect of hsa-microRNA-204-5p (miR-204-5p) and its underlying molecular mechanisms in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods

Expression of miR-204-5p was investigated by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). After data mining from public online repositories, several integrative assessment methods, including receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), and comprehensive meta-analyses, were conducted to explore the expression and clinical utility of miR-204-5p. The potential objects regulated and controlled by miR-204-5p in the course of NSCLC were identified by estimated target prediction and analysis. The regulatory network of miR-204-5p, with its target genes and transcription factors (TFs), was structured from database evidence and literature references.

Results

The expression of miR-204-5p was downregulated in NSCLC, and the downtrend was related to gender, histological type, vascular invasion, tumor size, clinicopathologic grade and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). MiR-204-5p was useful in prognosis, but was deemed unsuitable at present as an auxiliary diagnostic or prognostic risk factor for NSCLC due to the lack of statistical significance in meta-analyses and absence of large-scale investigations. Gene enrichment and annotation analyses identified miR-204-5p candidate targets that took part in various genetic activities and biological functions. The predicted TFs, like MAX, MYC, and RUNX1, interfered in regulatory networks involving miR-204-5p and its predicted hub genes, though a modulatory loop or axis of the miRNA-TF-gene that was out of range with shortage in database prediction, experimental proof and literature confirmation.

Conclusions

The frequently observed decrease in miR-204-5p was helpful for NSCLC diagnosis. The estimated target genes and TFs contributed to the anti-oncogene effects of miR-204-5p.