bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identifying National Availability of Abortion Care and Distance From Major US Cities: Systematic Online Search (Preprint)
Authors: Cartwright Alice F , Karunaratne Mihiri , Barr-Walker Jill , Johns Nicole E , Upadhyay Ushma D
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUND

Abortion is a common medical procedure, yet its availability has become more limited across the United States over the past decade. Women who do not know where to go for abortion care may use the internet to find abortion facility information, and there appears to be more online searches for abortion in states with more restrictive abortion laws. While previous studies have examined the distances women must travel to reach an abortion provider, to our knowledge no studies have used a systematic online search to document the geographic locations and services of abortion facilities.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of our study was to describe abortion facilities and services available in the United States from the perspective of a potential patient searching online and to identify US cities where people must travel the farthest to obtain abortion care.

METHODS

In early 2017, we conducted a systematic online search for abortion facilities in every state and the largest cities in each state. We recorded facility locations, types of abortion services available, and facility gestational limits. We then summarized the frequencies by region and state. If the online information was incomplete or unclear, we called the facility using a mystery shopper method, which simulates the perspective of patients calling for services. We also calculated distance to the closest abortion facility from all US cities with populations of 50,000 or more.

RESULTS

We identified 780 facilities through our online search, with the fewest in the Midwest and South. Over 30% (236/780, 30.3%) of all facilities advertised the provision of medication abortion services only; this proportion was close to 40% in the Northeast (89/233, 38.2%) and West (104/262, 39.7%). The lowest gestational limit at which services were provided was 12 weeks in Wyoming; the highest was 28 weeks in New Mexico. People in 27 US cities must travel over 100 miles (160 km) to reach an abortion facility; the state with the largest number of such cities is Texas (n=10).

CONCLUSIONS

Online searches can provide detailed information about the location of abortion facilities and the types of services they provide. However, these facilities are not evenly distributed geographically, and many large US cities do not have an abortion facility. Long distances can push women to seek abortion in later gestations when care is even more limited.
Zero-knowledge convincing protocol on quantum bit is impossible
Authors: Horodecki Pawel , Horodecki Michal , Horodecki Ryszard
Published: December 2017

Consider two parties: Alice and Bob and suppose that Bob is given a qubit system in a quantum state ϕ, unknown to him. Alice knows ϕ and she is supposed to convince Bob that she knows ϕ sending some test message. Is it possible for her to convince Bob providing him "zero knowledge" i. e. no information about ϕ he has? We prove that there is no "zero knowledge" protocol of that kind. In fact it turns out that basing on Alice message, Bob (or third party - Eve - who can intercept the message) can synthetize a copy of the unknown qubit state ϕ with nonzero probability. This "no-go" result puts general constrains on information processing where information about quantum state is involved.
Lyydin lähteillä
Authors: Koivisto Vesa
Published: December 2017

Arvioitu teos:

Miikul Pahomov: Lyydiläiskysymys. Kansa vai heimo, kieli vai murre? Helsinki: Helsingin yliopisto & Lyydiläinen Seura 2017. 311 s. ISBN 978-951-51-2902-4.
The Right to Write the History
Authors: Doria Corinne
Published: December 2017

This article reflects on the history of medicine as an academic discipline. It analyzes in particular the debates that took place in France between the second half of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st century. The first part recalls the main features of the discussions about the history of medicine since it was identified as an autonomous discipline up to the epistemological turn that, in the middle of the 19th century, opposed partisans of a “philological and scientific” to partisans of a “heroic” history of medicine. The second part deals with the debates that began in France in the 1960s-1970s over the legitimacy of a history of medicine written by physicians, and the foundation of a history of medicine written by professional historians. The third part proposes a reflection on the future of research and teaching in this field in France, and highlights the need for cooperation between physicians and specialists in the human and social sciences.
Evaluating the Cognitive Success of Thought Experiments
Authors: Islas Mondragón Damián
Published: December 2017

Thought experiments are widely used in natural science research. Nonetheless, their reliability to produce cognitive results has been a disputable matter. This study is conducted to present some rules of confirmation for evaluating the cognitive outcome of thought experiments. I begin given an example of a “paradigmatic” thought experiment from Galileo Galilei: the falling bodies. Afterwards, I briefly surveying two different accounts of thought experiments: James R. Brown’s rationalism and John D. Norton’s empiricism. Then, I discuss their positions and I show that none of them may tip the balance towards the rationalism or empiricism they try to defend. Finally, I put forward that the notion of confirmation, connected to the notion of increasing plausibility, can be used to develop some confirmation rules to compare the explanatory power of thought experiments in competition, regardless of their rational or empirical nature in which the discussion of this type of experiment has been engaged in recent years.
TOPIC-BASED INSTRUCTION FOR TEACHING ENGLISH FOR YOUNG LEARNERS
Authors: Riryn Fatmawaty Tiara Retno Haryani
Published: December 2017

Penelitian ini pentingnya dikembangkan untuk memberikan model pengajaran bahasa Inggris yang menarik bagi pelajar muda. Mengacu pada kebutuhan siswa SD pada materi "penyajian kembali" untuk pengajaran bahasa Inggris yang mencakup keaslian dan permintaan analisis kebutuhan, maka penelitian ini dilakukan. Instruksi berbasis topik sebagai bahan dasar dipilih karena bahan ajar ini sesuai dengan kebutuhan siswa sekolah dasar pada tingkat pemula. Materi dibutuhkan karena siswa harus "diperkenalkan dengan baik" dengan bahasa Inggris sebagai bahasa asing yang mereka butuhkan untuk dikuasai. Dengan kata lain, minat siswa SD dalam bahasa Inggris akan ditentukan oleh kesan pertama mereka dalam bahasa Inggris di sekolah, terutama dengan materi (buku) sebagai instruksi tambahan di kelas mereka.Penelitian ini menggunakan desain deskriptif kualitatif, yang mana menggunakan angket dan wawancara sebagai instrument penelitian.  Instruksi bahasa Inggris yang dilakukan di kelas dasar menggunakan pengajaran berbasis tema yang bertujuan untuk mencapai tujuan berikut: pertama, untuk meningkatkan siswa pada tingkat minat pemula dan untuk mengurangi ketakutan mereka untuk belajar bahasa Inggris. Kedua, untuk meningkatkan basis anak dalam bahasa Inggris termasuk empat kemampuan bahasa, tata bahasa dan kosa kata. Yang terakhir adalah memberikan kenyamanan dan 'ramah' bagi anak-anak untuk belajar dan berlatih bahasa Inggris mereka. Akhirnya, hasil dari penelitian ini adalah ada beberapa topik yang dipilih oleh siswa, yang terus menerus, peneliti mengatur prototipe bahan sebagai buku ajar pengajaran. Tanggapan siswa sangat bagus dalam pengajaran berbasis topik. Menurut mereka, mereka bisa merasakan antusias dan minat untuk belajar dengan topik yang telah mereka pilih dan ketahui.Kata kunci: Instruksi berbasis topik, bahasa Inggris untuk pelajar muda
Course of Recognition: A Theoretical and Methodological Approach to Understanding Journalism as a Subject in Communication.
Authors: Bonsanto Dias André
Published: December 2017

As a subject in communication, journalism is part of a course of recognition. In such course, journalism is historically conditioned to articulate a series of strategies to reveal the “competencies” of an institution that seeks to be perceived as more reliable and/or truthful than others, legitimating its authority. Based on this assumption, this article discusses some theoretical and methodological approaches to journalism that takes its devices into account. This is an attempt to pave the way for drawing a historical overview of a course inherent in what we perceive as “truth” of the institution itself, present in its self-legitimating discourses.Como sujeito em comunicação, o jornalismo está inserido em um percurso do reconhecimento. Percurso que o condiciona a articular, historicamente, uma série de estratégias para revelar as “capacidades” de uma instituição que se quer passar como mais confiável e/ou verdadeira do que outras, legitimando assim sua autoridade. Com base neste pressuposto, o presente artigo procura problematizar alguns caminhos teórico-metodológicos para envolver o jornalismo em seus dispositivos. É uma tentativa de abrir pistas para a historicização de um percurso, inerente àquilo que entendemos como a constituição de uma “verdade” da própria instituição, presente em seus discursos de autolegitimação.  Como sujeto en comunicación, el periodismo se inserta en un camino de reconocimiento. Camino que lo condiciona a articular, historicamente, una serie de estrategias para revelar las “capacidades” de una institución que quiere se pasar más fiable y/o verdadera que otras, legitimando así su autoridade. Con base en este presuposto, el presente artículo busca problematizar algunos caminos metodológicos para involucrar el periodismo en sus dispositivos. Es un intento de abrir pistas para la historización de un camino inherente a lo que entendemos como el establecimiento de una "verdad" de la institución, presente en sus discursos de auto-legitimación.
Current Problems in the Mental Health Field
Authors: Çela Gusha Kilda , Shala Irena , Kalo Remila
Published: December 2017

Mental health problems are conditions that do not meet the criteria for disease but affect the normal quality and continuity of everyday life. They are the emotional and psychological difficulties of the individual, which occur as a result of circumstantial or persistent stresses or of a reflection of the emotions between the individual and the environment where he lives (WHO, 2005). Health is seen as "not just a lack of sickness or disability," but rather as "a complete physical, mental and social well-being." This definition significantly expands the concept of mental health, which should not be defined in a restrictive manner as the absence of mental disorders, but should be defined in a positive and comprehensive view (WHO, 1985). Ultimately, mental health is defined as "a state of well-being in which the individual realizes his or her own potential, is able to cope with daily life concerns, is productive and fruitfully in his work, and is capable of delivering his contribution to the community where he lives (WHO, 2001). Mental health problems are usually associated with important concerns in social, professional, or other important activities. In many cases, there appears to be a continuity between mental health problems and mental disorders, making the diagnosis even more complex (CDC, 2011). Policies and Legislative Frameworks. Law on MS – 1996. Implementation of LLL remains low as a consequence of inadequate infrastructure (health, social and legal). There is no national or local body to monitor human or patient rights in the institutions of the MS.Policy on the Development of Mental Health Services in Albania - March 2003. Action Plan for the Development of Mental Health Services in Albania - May 2005. Mental and emotional problems are a concern for many elderly people. Depression often occurs as a result of the death of a spouse or close friends. Even this kind of loss and even more important and more common is the loss of respect of others. With retirement an individual does not feel more useful to his family, to society, and even more to himself.
ВЛИЯНИЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ПАРАМЕТРОВ ПРОЦЕССА ТРАНСПОРТИРОВАНИЯ БЕТОННЫХ СМЕСЕЙ ПО ТРУБОПРОВОДАМ НА ПРОИЗВОДИТЕЛЬНОСТЬ РАСТВОРОБЕТОНОНАСОСОВ(БЕТОНОНАСОСОВ)
Authors: Емельянова И. А. , Задорожный А. А. , Меленцов Н. А.
Published: December 2017

Выполнен  анализ  процесса  движения  бетонной  смеси  по  трубопроводу  ипредложена  зависимость  для  определения  производительностирастворобетононасосов(бетононасосов).  Приведены  расчетные  данныетехнологических параметров процесса транспортирования бетонных смесей с учетомпроизводительности машин и диаметров трубопроводов.Ключевые  слова:  бетононасос,  бетонная  смесь,  транспортный  трубопровод, средняя скорость, вязкость, подвижность.
Experimental Investigation on the Multi-metallic Cu-Zn NanofluidsHeat Transfer Enhancement and Pressure Losses
Authors: Abdulwahid Ammar Fakhir
Published: December 2017

Metallic nanofluidsare suspensions of metallic particles of nanometre size in base fluids. The combination of two kinds of metallic particles mixed at the same volume ratio is known as multi-metallic nanoparticles. These multiple metallic particles of nanometre size were suspended in deionized H2Ovia the use of ultrasonic vibratorsat varying volume fractions as well as variations in the ratios of metallic/metallic particles of nanometre size. In our study the dynamic viscosity, the nanofluid’s heat conductivities were determined for varying temperatures and volume fractions. The coefficient of thermal transmissionof the flowing nanofluid in the constant wall heat flux tube were determined experimentally in laminar condition. The results revealedhuge thermal transmission enhancement comparison to the base fluids. The pressure loses were illustrated for all nanofluids. The comparisons of the different metallic and multi-metallic types of the nanofluids were showed that Cu nanofluids have a greater coefficient ofthermal transmission compared with the Cu-Zn, Zn atequal volume fractions.
Optimum Bridge Site Selection using Network Analysis Tool (Al Muwaffaqiyah Bridge in Iraq as A case Study)
Authors: Ali Abdulhaq Hadi Abed
Published: December 2017

The main objective of this research is to select the best site for the establishment of  a new bridge on the Al Gharraf river within the limits of the Al Muwaffaqiyah region . Al Muwaffaqiyah region is located in Wasit province in Iraq. The study area is divided into multiple zones . Three alternatives are proposed to construct the bridge site. The best one is selected using network analyst tool of ArcGIS software depending on the largest number of routes passing between zones. The route link between both sides of Al Gharraf river in Al Muwaffaqiyah region is one of the important projects in the city. The project will provide a new crossing point on Al Gharraf river . The proposed route will contribute to reduce traffic congestion depending on the foundations of planning and traffic so that gives the desired result of this project in terms of the location and importance of economic feasibility.
STATUS PEMANFAATAN SUMBERDAYA UDANG OLEH PERIKANAN SKALA KECIL DI WILAYAH PESISIR KABUPATEN CILACAP (Utilitization Status of Shrimp by Small Scale Fisheries in the Coastal Area of Cilacap District)
Authors: Patria Andreas D. , Adrianto Luky , Kusumastanto Tridoyo , Kamal M. Mukhlis , Dahuri Rokhmin
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTFish stock in marine is dynamic due to fluctuation in the annual total catch. Consequently, the estimate number of fish stock changes yearly, without exception in the coastal of Cilacap District. This current study was intended to reassess the condition of fish stock utilization in the coastal water of Cilacap in 2012. Data of fish production, effort, fish price, and effort cost in 1999-2012 are taken from the Office of Fisheries Agency of Cilacap District. Analysis of fish stock condition is carried out using Gordon-Schaefer bioeconomic model. The results showed that utilization of marine fish resource in the coastal water of Cilacap District was in the condition of over fishing both in terms of MSY or MEY.Key words: fish stock assessment, Gordon-Schaefer model, small scale of fisheries-------ABSTRAKStok sumberdaya ikan di suatu perairan laut selalu dinamis karena jumlah penangkapan ikan berubah setiap tahunnya. Konsekuensinya adalah bahwa dugaan stok ikan di suatu lokasi perairan juga berubah setiap tahunnya, tidak terkecuali di perairan pantai selatan Kabupaten Cilacap Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menduga status tingkat pemanfaatan stok udang oleh nelayan skala kecil di perairan pesisir Kabupaten Cilacap dengan tahun acuan 2012. Data produksi udang, data upaya penangkapan, data harga udang, dan data biaya per upaya penangkapan tahun 1999-2012 bersumber dari Dinas Kelautan dan Perikanan Kabupaten Cilacap. Analisis kondisi tingkat pemanfaatan stok ikan dilakukan menggunakan model keseimbangan bioekonomi Gordon-Schaefer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemanfaatan sumberdaya ikan laut di wilayah pesisir Kabupaten Cilacap telah berada pada kondisi lebih tangkap (overfishing) baik dari segi MSY maupun MEY.Kata kunci: pendugaan stok ikan, model Gordon-Schaefer, nelayan skala kecil
ANALISIS OPTIMASI ARMADA PENANGKAPAN MADIDIHANG SKALA KECIL DI KABUPATEN SERAM BAGIAN BARAT (Fishing Fleet Optimization Analysis of Small Scale Yellowfin Tuna in West Seram Regency)
Authors: Tawari Ruslan H.S. , Simbolon Domu , Purbayanto Ari , Taurusman Am Azbas
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTOptimum allocation of catching fleet must be determined optimally so that the level of utilization of fish resources is not excessive and prevent horizontal conflicts among fishermen in getting the same fishing area in the future. This study aims to determine the optimum allocation of catching yellowfin small-scale units in the district of West Seram. Research using the linear goal programming (LGP). To optimize the number of fishing unit, this study suggested that increasing number of the 40 HP fishing boat size from 25 to 38 units, while for the boat of 18 and 15 HP sizes should be maintained on the actual number of 55 and 45 units, respectively. The allocation does not reduce unit allocation of certain existing arrest, thus avoiding conflict and socially friendly.Keywords: allocation, optimum, fishing fleet, small-scale-------ABSTRAKAlokasi optimum armada penangkapan harus ditentukan secara optimal agar tingkat pemanfaatan potensi sumber daya ikan tidak berlebihan dan mencegah timbulnya konflik horizontal antar nelayan dalam memperebutkan daerah penangkapan yang sama di kemudian hari. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan alokasi optimum unit penangkapan madidihang skala kecil di Kabupaten Seram Bagian Barat. Penelitian menggunakan metode Linier Goal Programming (LGP). Optimasi unit penangkapan madidihang, menunjukkan terjadi peningkatan pada alokasi unit penangkapan armada 40 PK dari 25 unit menjadi 38 unit, sedangkan armada 18 PK dan armada 15 PK dipertahankan sesuai kondisi aktualnya masing-masing 55 unit dan 45 unit. Pengaturan alokasi ini tidak mengurangi alokasi unit penangkapan tertentu yang sudah ada, sehingga menghindari konflik dan ramah secara sosial.Kata kunci: alokasi, optimum, armada penangkapan, skala kecil
LAJU EKSPLOITASI SUMBER DAYA IKAN YANG TERTANGKAP PUKAT CINCIN DI SELAT SUNDA (Exploitation Rate of Fisheries Resources which Caught by Purse seine in Sunda Strait)
Authors: Octoriani Widyanti , Fahrudin Achmad , Boer Menofatria
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTSunda Strait is waters which have great fishery potential in Indonesia. Catches of the Sunda Strait were landed in Pandeglang Regency, one of which is in the Coastal Fishing Port (PPP) Labuan. Purse seine is fishing gear with the highest production in Sunda Strait. Species targets of purse seine are Fringescale sardinella, Mackerel, Short mackerel, Indian mackerel, Kawakawa, and Indian scad. The high price of the fish lead purse seine operation continuously. Increasing purse seine operation can lead to the scarcity fishery resources. Therefore, a study about fish exploitation rate is needed to know the utilization status. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the exploitation rate of multispesies fisheries which caught by purse seine in Sunda Strait based on catch data landed data in PPP Labuan. This study used the ELEFAN I methods and Pauly formula. The result showed that the exploitation rate of fish resources for female and male fringescale sardinella are 0,79 and 0,70; Island mackerel are 0,78 and 0,60; short mackerel are 0,85 and 0,88; Indian mackerel are 0,80 and 0,83; kawakawa are 0,95 and 0,90; Indian scad are 0,75 and 0,62. Nowadays, all fish which caught by purse seine in the Sunda Strait has been indicated to over-exploitation.Keywords: exploitation rate, pelagic fish, purse seine, Sunda strait------ABSTRAKSelat Sunda merupakan perairan yang memiliki potensi perikanan yang cukup besar di Indonesia. Hasil tangkapan ikan dari Selat Sunda didaratkan di Kabupaten Pandeglang, salah satunya adalah di Pelabuhan Perikanan Pantai (PPP) Labuan. Pukat cincin merupakan alat tangkap dengan produksi paling banyak di Selat Sunda. Spesies yang merupakan target tangkapan pukat cincin yaitu tembang, kembung, kembung perempuan, kembung laki-laki, tongkol, dan layang. Harga jual ikan yang tinggi menyebabkan pengoperasian pukat cincin terus ditingkatkan. Pengoperasian pukat cincin yang terus meningkat dapat menyebabkan kelangkaan terhadap sumber daya perikanan. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan kajian mengenai laju eksploitasi sumber daya ikan agar diketahui status pemanfaatannya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi laju eksploitasi multispesies yang tertangkap pukat cincin di Selat Sunda berdasarkan data tangkapan yang didaratkan di PPP Labuan. Pada penelitian ini digunakan metode ELEFAN I dan rumus Pauly. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa laju eksploitasi sumber daya ikan berturut-turut betina dan jantan spesies tembang sebesar 0,79 dan 0,70; kembung 0,78 dan 0,60; kembung laki-laki 0,85 dan 0,88; kembung perempuan 0,80 dan 0,83; tongkol 0,95 dan 0,90; layang 0,75 dan 0,62. Saat ini kondisi semua ikan hasil tangkapan dominan pukat cincin di Selat Sunda telah mengalami tangkap lebih.Kata kunci: ikan pelagis, pukat cincin, laju eksploitasi, Selat Sunda
ANALISIS DEGRADASI DAN DEPRESIASI SUMBERDAYA IKAN DEMERSAL PADA PERIKANAN DOGOL DI PERAIRAN SELAT SUNDA (Degradation and Depreciation Analysis of Demersal Fish Resources on Dogol Fisheries in Sunda Strait)
Authors: Oktaviyani Selvia , Boer Mennofatria , Yonvitner .
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTDogol is one type of fishing gear which is operated by fisherman in Sunda Strait with demersal fishes as dominant catches, such as goatfish, threadfin brean, ponyfish, Indian halibut and drums.The utilization was done throughout the year and without control can lead to overfishing. The aim of this research is to estimate degradation and the depreciation rate of demersal fish resources of dogol fisheries in Sunda Strait. This research was conducted on February until July 2014 in Coastal Fishing Port (PPP) Labuan, Pandeglang, Banten. Data was collected through interview and questionnaire methods to dogol fisherman and other stakeholders, as well as time series data from Ministry of Marine Affairs Pandeglang district. The results showed that the average value of degradation and depreciation rate of demersal fish resources were 0,26-0,42 and 0,26-0,43 respectively. Those values still below 0,5, it means that demersal fish resources on dogol fisheries in Sunda Strait has not been degraded and depreciation. But, the CPUE values tended to decrease, so was needed preventive action, such as restriction of fishing effort and increase the mesh size to preserve the sustainability of demersal fish resources.Keywords: Degradation, demersal fish, depreciation, dogol, Sunda StraitABSTRAKDogol merupakan salah satu jenis alat tangkap yang dioperasikan oleh nelayan di Perairan Selat Sunda dengan hasil tangkapan dominan yaitu ikan demersal seperti ikan biji nangka, kurisi, peperek, sebelah dan tigawaja. Kegiatan pemanfaatan yang dilakukan sepanjang tahun dengan tidak adanya pengontrolan dapat mengakibatkan tangkap lebih. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui laju degradasi dan laju depresiasi sumberdaya ikan demersal pada perikanan dogol di Perairan Selat Sunda. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari hingga Juli 2014 di Pelabuhan Perikanan Pantai (PPP) Labuan, Pandeglang, Banten. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui metode wawancara dan kuisioner terhadap nelayan dogol dan stakeholder lainnya serta data time series perikanan tangkap DKP Kabupaten Pandeglang. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa sumberdaya ikan demersal memiliki pola produksi yang berfluktuasi. Rata-rata nilai koefisien degradasi dan depresiasi sumberdaya ikan demersal adalah 0,26-0,42 dan 0,26-0,43 secara berurutan. Nilai-nilai tersebut masih dibawah 0,5, artinya sumberdaya ikan demersal pada perikanan dogol di Perairan Selat Sunda diduga belum mengalami degradasi dan depresiasi. Namun, nilai CPUE cenderung mengalami penurunan, sehingga diperlukan tindakan preventif seperti pembatasan upaya tangkap dan peningkatan ukuran mata jaring untuk menjaga kelestarian sumberdaya ikan demersal.Kata kunci: Degradasi, ikan demersal, depresiasi, dogol, Selat Sunda
KOMPOSISI HASIL TANGKAPAN PUKAT CINCIN HUBUNGANNYA DENGAN TEKNOLOGI PENANGKAPAN IKAN RAMAH LINGKUNGAN (Catch Composition of Purse Seine in Relation to Environmental Friendly Fishing Technology)
Authors: Bubun Rita L. , Mahmud Amir
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTThe utilization of resources has been using purse seine by light fishing, providing opportunities was captured diverse of total length and volume species. The purpose of this research is determining the composition of total length and volume species of the catch in the purse seine unit by light fishing and determining the level of environmental friendly for purse seine unit by light fishing. The method of research is survey. Analysis of data: (1) the descriptive quantitative to determine the composition of total length and volume species of the catch purse seine unit by light fishing; (2) the analysis of the level of sustainable according to the nine criteria of FAO. The results of research shows: (1) the composition of total length of the catches in purse seine unit by light fishing are the index 1,602 in the total length of 14 cm – 21 cm. The composition of the volume of total length that feasible of catch in percentage 78% and dominated species is the Euthynnus affinis in 48%; (2) the level of environmental friendly for purse seine unit by light fishing in a score 27 and the category environmental friendly.Keywords: environmental friendly, light fishing, purse seine-------ABSTRAKPemanfaatan sumberdaya perikanan menggunakan pukat cincin dengan alat bantu cahaya (light fishing), memberikan peluang tertangkapnya beranekaragam ukuran dan volume spesies. Tujuan penelitian menentukan komposisi hasil tangkapan ikan berdasarkan ukuran panjang dan volume setiap jenis ikan pada unit penangkapan pukat cincin yang menggunakan light fishing dan menentukan tingkat keramahan lingkungan unit penangkapan pukat cincin yang menggunakan light fishing. Metode penelitian yaitu survei. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari – Juni 2015. Analisis data yang digunakan yaitu: 1) deskriptif kuantitatif untuk menentukan keankeragaman ukuran panjang dan volume setiap jenis hasil tangkapan pukat cincin yang menggunakan light fishing; dan 2) Analisis tingkat keramahan lingkungan berdasarkan sembilan kriteria FAO. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: 1) Keanekaragaman ukuran panjang ikan hasil tangkapan pada pukat cincin dengan menggunakan light fishing berada pada nilai indeks 1,602 dengan ukuran panjang didominasi pada ukuran 14 cm – 21 cm. Nilai indeks menunjukkan pada spesies ikan yang sama memiliki komposisi ukuran panjang total beranekaragam. Komposisi volume ukuran panjang ikan yang belum layak tangkap sebesar 78% dan didominasi spesies ikan tongkol komo sebesar 48%; dan 2) Tingkat keramahan lingkungan unit penangkapan ikan pukat cincin menggunakan light fishing dengan nilai skor 27 pada kategori ramah lingkungan.Kata kunci: pukat cincin, light fishing, ramah lingkungan
KEBIASAAN MAKAN HIU KEJEN (Carcharinus falciformis): STUDI KASUS PENDARATAN HIU DI PPP MUNCAR JAWA TIMUR (Feeding habit of Silky Shark (Carcharinus falciformis): Case Study of Landing Shark in Muncar Coastal Fishing Port East Java)
Authors: Simeon Benaya M. , Baskoro Mulyono S. , Taurusman Am Azbas , Gautama Dwi A.
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTIndonesia is the biggest country which produced shark in the world. Muncar Coastal Fishing Port, Banyuwangi, is a shark fishing center in East Java. Caught sharks were dominated by silky shark (Carcharinus falciformis). Primary data collected by in situ sampling and stomach content analysis. Stomach content was collected by sectio. It preserved by 10% formaline in coolbox. Silky shark had caught by shark long line and gillnet. Shark is the fish target of longline and by-catch of gillnet. Silky shark preys were grouper fish (Epinephelus sp.) as main prey and squid (Loligo sp.), beltfish (Trichiurus lepturus), sardine (Sardinella lemuru) as complementary preys. Based on stomach content analysis, silky shark was identified on 4.7 trophic level. Silky shark preys were grouper on trophic level 4.1, squid, beltfish on trophic level 4.4, sardine on trophic level 2.1. Silky shark as apex predator could be found in Bali Strait and Makassar Strait, which it classified as fertility water. The existence of silky sharks whicht prey fish in several trophic level layers made silky shark as one of the key species in Bali Strait and Makassar Strait. Catching sharks will have implications for trophic level is high or low.Keywords: feeding habit, silky shark, trophic level-------ABSTRAKIndonesia merupakan negara penghasil hiu terbesar di dunia. PPP Muncar, Banyuwangi merupakan salah satu pusat penangkapan hiu di Jawa Timur. Hiu yang tertangkap oleh nelayan didominasi oleh hiu kejen (Carcharinus falciformis). Data primer didapatkan dari pengambilan sampel dan analisis isi lambung. Isi lambung didapatkan dari proses pembedahan. Isi lambung diawetkan dalam formalin 10% dalam coolbox. Hiu kejen tertangkap menggunakan rawai dan gillnet. Hiu menjadi ikan target pada alat tangkap rawai dan by-catch pada gillnet. Mangsa hiu kejen adalah kerapu sebagai makanan utama dan lemuru, cumi-cumi, layur merupakan makanan pelengkap. Hiu kejen (C.falciformis) yang tertangkap di Selat Bali berada pada trofik level 4,7. Mangsa utama hiu kejen adalah kerapu (trofik level 4,1) dan mangsa pelengkap lemuru (trofik level 2,1), layur (trofik level 4,4) dan cumi-cumi. Hiu kejen sebagai salah satu apex predator dapat ditemukan di Selat Bali maupun Selat Makassar yang memiliki kesuburan tinggi. Keberadaan hiu kejen yang memangsa beberapa ikan di beberapa lapisan trofik level menjadikan hiu kejen sebagai salah satu spesies kunci di perairan Selat Bali dan Selat Makassar. Penangkapan hiu akan memberi implikasi terhadap trofik level yang tinggi maupun rendah.Kata kunci: kebiasaan makan, hiu kejen, trofik level
The Three Generations of Cultural Capital Research: A Narrative Review
Authors: Davies Scott , Rizk Jessica
Published: December 2017

This article examines evolving uses of Bourdieu’s signature concept of Cultural Capital in American educational research. Bourdieu originally developed the concept in the 1960s and 1970s by mixing French intellectual traditions with ideas from American social science. American researchers have adopted the term over three generations. The first generation understood the concept during the 1970s and early 1980s within broader traditions of mobility research, educational stratification, and conflict theory. Between the late 1980s and early 2000s, a second generation produced three variants of the concept. Over the past decade, a third generation has elaborated those variants into three distinct streams. A first stream, the “DiMaggio tradition,” uses survey methods to conceive cultural capital as resources that shape student outcomes. A second stream, the “Lareau tradition,” uses qualitative observations to interpret cultural capital as family strategies that align with schools’ institutional rewards. A third stream, the “Collins tradition,” offers the most micro-oriented conception of cultural capital, seen as stocks of meanings that facilitate ritual interactions. We end by assessing this evolution and offering possibilities for a next generation of research.
Outcome of paracetamol poisoning after treatment with intravenous or oral N-acetylcysteine.
Authors: Thapa Raj Kumar , KC Kanchan , Khatri Rishi , Deo Rajeeb , Sharma Arun , KC Indu
Published: December 2017

Introduction: Paracetamol (PCM) is one of the most common drug in clinical practice and it is generally safe for use at recommended doses. However, its overdose can cause mild hepatotoxicity to severe hepatic necrosis and even hepatic failure. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is the standard recommended antidote for PCM poisoning which is available in both intravenous (IV) and oral formulations. This study aimed to measure outcome in PCM poisoning after treatment with oral or IV NAC.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in randomly selected 50 consecutive patients presented within 72 hours of PCM poisoning. Comparative outcomes measured in correlation of dynamics of liver enzymes alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and prothrombin time along with development of adverse drug reactions and clinical cure rate. Comparison of categorical variables by Chi-square test and Fisher's test and the comparison of mean between groups by Student's t-test with p-value <0.05 as statistically significant.Results: Among 50 cases 20 (40%) were treated with oral NAC and 30 (60%) with IV NAC. PCM poisoning was more common in young adults (15-30 years) with mean age of 19 (n=43; 86%) and most of them had taken with an intent of suicide (n=47; 94%). Majority of patients were asymptomatic at presentation with female preponderance (M:F=1:4; 80%). There was no statistical difference in both the treatment groups and as an outcome measure there were no severe liver enzymes derangement, no serious adverse drug reactions and 100% clinical cure rate.Conclusion: NAC in both IV and oral forms are equally effective as an antidote in PCM poisoning.
Evaluation of P- POSSUM Scoring System in Patients Undergoing Emergency Laparotomy
Authors: Jha Manoj Kumar , Sibakoti Yahun Chandra , Devkota Harihar
Published: December 2017

Introduction: The Physiological and Operative Severity Score for the enumeration of Mortality and morbidity (POSSUM) and its modification the Portsmouth POSSUM (P-POSSUM), have been proposed as a method for standardizing patient data so that direct comparisons can be made despite differing patterns of referral and population. In this prospective study, the validity of P-POSSUM was tested in patients undergoing emergency laparotomy and the risk factors for low outcome were noted.Methods: This is the Prospective Study and was conducted in Department of surgery, of a tertiary level hospital. The study period was from April 2014- April 2015 for one year. Patients admitted under department of general surgery scheduled to undergo emergency laparotomy were included and scored according to their physiological and operative findings using a proforma sheet. Physiological scoring was performed just before surgery and operative scoring was carried out intra-operatively. Patients were followed-up for the first 30 days postoperative period. The observed mortality rate was compared with the P-POSSUM predicted mortality rate. Data analysis was done using SPSS 20.Results: A total of 60 patients who met the inclusion criteria were included in this study. On applying linear analysis, an observed to expected ratio of 1.18 was obtained, indicating a significant fit for predicting the post-operative adverse outcome. There was no significant difference between the observed and predicted mortality rates (x2 = 1.467, 4 df., P = 0.833). It was found to be comparable to other studies. In all the risk factors studied, a positive correlation was found between deaths and higher POSSUM scores.Conclusion: Portsmouth POSSUM scoring system serves as a good predictor of post-operative outcome in emergency laparotomy procedures.
Prevalance of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Overweight Pregnant Women in Urban Antenatal Clinic at 24-28 Weeks of Gestation
Authors: Joshi Rinku , Malla Rosy , Bhattarai Madhur Dev , Shrestha Dhan Bahadur
Published: December 2017

Introduction: Diabetes has become a significant health problem all over the world and its prevalence is increasing rapidly, including in Nepal. Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is directly related to the prevalence of type 2 diabetes. Women who areoverweight or obese before they become pregnant are more at risk of GDM irrespective of other factors.Though the risk of developing GDM in shown to be higher in overweight or obese women, there are very few studies done to show such observation in the urban population of Nepal.Methods: This was a hospital based cross-sectional prospective study conducted among the women attending ante partum clinic, in a tertiary level hospital, located at Lalitpur for one-year duration in 2009. All overweight (pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI)>23) urban women at 24-28 weeks of gestation were enrolled.Fasting blood glucose, screening 50-g oral glucose challenge test(OGTT) and 2-hr OGTT following overnight fastingwas done as per need based on their test results and GDM was diagnosed based on standard guidelines.Results: Out of 256 women majority of women had BMI >25 kg/m2 (n=180),and 151(59%) were multiparous and 105 (41%) were primiparas. Positive screening test was obtained in 51 women (19.9%).The incidence of GDM by ADA and WHO criteria was 10 (3.9%) and 16 (6.3%) respectively. There was statistically non-significant difference in the rate of positive screening test and BMI (p=0.09). The abnormal screening test between primiparous and multiparous was significant (p=0.01).Conclusion: This study showed a high pre-pregnancy BMI and the incidence of GDMamong the patients enrolled. The rate of positive screening test is also higher than the previous studies so, GDM is a growing issue and must be well addressed.
Visual outcome following scleral fixated intraocular lens implantation
Authors: Shrestha Chunu , Shrestha Sabina , Manoranjan Aparajita
Published: December 2017

Introduction: Scleral fixated intraocular lens(SFIOL) implantation to correct aphakia offers superior visual rehabilitation in comparison to aphakic spectacles or contact lens. This study was done to evaluate a simplified technique of scleral fixation of posterior chamber intra-ocular lens (IOL) in terms of visual outcome and complications.Methods: This was a prospective study enrolling 23 eyes of 23 patients who underwent anterior vitrectomy followed by ab-externo sclera fixation of posterior chamber IOL using 10.0 polypropylene sutures from January 2016 to February 2017 in Nepal Eye Hospital.Scleral flap was made at 3 and 9'o clock meridian to cover the knots which prevent erosion of the knots through conjunctiva.  Main outcome measures were post-operative best corrected visual acuity and post-operative complications.Result: Best corrected visual acuity were 6/6 - 6/18 in 86.9% (n=20), 6/24 - 6/60 in 8.7% (n=2) and worse than 6/60 in 4.3% (n=1)at six months followup. The mean spherical equivalent before surgery was +10.60 diopter and -1.14 diopter post-surgery. The common indicationsfor scleral fixated intraocular lens weretrauma in 60.86% (n=14), surgical aphakia in21.73% (n=5), spontaneous posterior dislocation of lens in 13.0% (n=3) and subluxated intraocular lens in 4.34% (n=1). The common complications were astigmatism in 91.30% (n=21), decentered IOL in 4.34% (n=1) and uveitis in 4.35% (n=1).Conclusion: Ab-externosclerated fixated intraocular lens is a safe and effective method for visual rehabilitation with low post-operative risk.
Croissance du crédit, bulles rationnelles et efficience économique
Authors: Freixas Xavier
Published: December 2017

Les études empiriques récentes ont démontré qu'une croissance excessive du crédit et l'émergence de bulles augmentaient la probabilité d'une crise systémique. Bien qu'aucun lien de causalité entre croissance du crédit et crises systémiques n'ait été empiriquement établi, il semble raisonnable de penser qu'une croissance excessive du crédit va de pair avec la formation de bulles, dont l'éclatement déclenche une crise systémique. Cet article est consacré à l'étude des différents liens qui existent entre, d'une part, l'offre de crédit et la demande d'actifs susceptibles de créer une bulle et, d'autre part, leur incidence sur l'émergence de bulles rationnelles dans une économie dynamique à générations imbriquées. Nous soutenons que ce cadre devrait permettre d'analyser quelques compromis clés de politique macroprudentielle et d'évaluer les effets de certains instruments microprudentiels et macroprudentiels classiques. Classification JEL : D53, G01, G21.
Finance globale, cycle financier et stabilité macroéconomique
Authors: Aglietta Michel
Published: December 2017

Depuis les années 1980, la finance s'est développée dans le monde entier. Elle n'a pas eu d'effet favorable sur la croissance à long terme, ni sur la stabilité économique. Car la finance est loin des vertus qui lui sont prêtées : efficience et transparence. C'est une imbrication de réseaux complexes et opaques constituant des systèmes dynamiques. Ces systèmes propagent les chocs selon une logique de momentum produite par l'interaction de l'endettement et du mouvement des prix des actifs. Son expression macroéconomique est le cycle financier. Dans cette dynamique l'opacité du système nourrit les vulnérabilités financières qui demeurent cachées dans la phase euphorique et qui se révèlent après le retournement. La crise est donc endogène au cycle financier. Le cycle financier a un impact macroéconomique considérable à travers l'accélérateur financier, tant sur l'offre productive que sur la demande effective. Selon l'ampleur de l'endettement, puis du désendettement au sein du cycle, une multiplicité d'équilibres est possible. Certains d'entre eux sont qualifiés de « stagnation séculaire ». Classification JEL : E32, E44.
Climat, finance et croissance : l'introuvable tango à trois des modèles économie-climat ?
Authors: Espagne Étienne
Published: December 2017

Cet article propose une synthèse de la littérature émergente sur le triptyque climat-finance-croissance et met en évidence les apports et les limites des modèles intégrés économie-climat dans l'analyse des mécanismes de ce triptyque. Dans une première partie, nous montrons comment les modèles integrated assessment models (ou modèles IAM), notamment le DICE développé par Nordhaus (2014) font (abusivement) primer la croissance sur les dommages que le climat pourrait engendrer. Les investissements dans un secteur bas carbone y entraînent systématiquement un effet d'éviction pour les autres secteurs, avec des conséquences souvent préjudiciables pour l'activité à court comme à long terme. De plus, une telle re-allocation des investissements ne peut pas provoquer de turbulences sur des marchés financiers supposés parfaits. Enfin l'équilibre de long terme de l'économie y est entièrement déterminé par les anticipations parfaites et rationnelles d'un agent économique représentatif, neutralisant ainsi de facto tout phénomène monétaire/financier durable. Puis ces hypothèses sont progressivement levées pour proposer une synthèse de la littérature émergente basée pour l'essentiel sur des travaux néokeynésiens. Il en ressort toutefois que l'intégration finance-climat-croissance dans les modèles économie-climat et loin d'être résolue. Classification JEl : G00, O40, O44.
Les barrières à l'entrée expliquent-elles le comportement des banques dans la CEMAC ?
Authors: Avom Désiré , Nana Kuindja Rodrigue
Published: December 2017

Cet article identifie les barrières à l'entrée du marché bancaire de la CEMAC et analyse le comportement des banques en situation concurrentielle. Les scores d'efficience allocative, calculés sur la période 2000-2014, décèlent les stratégies dissuasives des banques de la CEMAC. Les scores les plus élevés indiquent une réglementation plus restrictive et donc des barrières plus élevées. Le degré de restriction de la réglementation bancaire est lié aux marges financières nettes. Ainsi une augmentation de 85 % en termes de restrictions à l'entrée se traduit par une augmentation de 8,71 % des taux d'intérêt de crédits, avec des variations considérables d'un pays à l'autre. Nous suggérons la mise en œuvre d'une méthode dynamique de provisionnement et d'une veille stratégique au sein des banques. Classification JEL : G21, G28, O55.
Poursuite de la ventilation non invasive en fin de vie : une alternative possible
Authors: Dieudonné-Rham Nathalie , Mercier Jérôme , Affaticati Mathieu
Published: December 2017

Les patients demandeurs de poursuivre la ventilation non invasive (VNI), jusqu’en fin de vie, ne sont pas rares. La gestion de la VNI en fin de vie pose des problèmes émotionnels, pratiques et éthiques. Un homme atteint d’une sclérose latérale amyotrophique, attaché à la poursuite de la VNI et réticent à envisager les questions liées à la fin de vie, s’était déterminé durant son hospitalisation en unité de soins palliatifs, pour ne pas prolonger sa vie en cas de carbonarcose, insuffisance respiratoire aiguë irréversible ou autres complications. Nous avons choisi de pré-programmer le ventilateur pour switcher aisément la VNI en mode spontané, le moment venu. Finalement, ce patient a été retrouvé sans vie dans son lit, Le choix de la poursuite de la VNI appartient au patient. Il doit être respecté quand le patient estime que la VNI lui est profitable. Ceci est possible, en passant la VNI en mode spontané, le moment venu. À notre connaissance, cette alternative n’a jamais été rapportée auparavant dans la littérature.
Le droit, les droits : enjeux et problèmes du rapport à la norme juridique d’un philosophe de l’émancipation
Authors: Bachofen Blaise
Published: December 2017

Comme théoricien du pouvoir, Foucault rencontre souvent la question de la norme juridique. Il la rencontre dans son travail sur la punition, donc sur le droit pénal, et dans ses travaux sur l’État, donc sur le droit administratif et plus largement sur le droit public. L’intérêt qu’il porte, dans ses travaux tardifs, à l’ultra-libéralisme, révèle tout particulièrement les ambiguïtés d’une philosophie qui contient tout à la fois une critique de l’État et une défense du droit des individus à posséder des droits.