bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Test generation with Satisfiability Modulo Theories solvers in model‐based testing
Authors: Cantenot Jérôme , Ambert Fabrice , Bouquet Fabrice
Published: May 2014

This paper presents a framework for UML/OCL model test generation. This framework is based on three parts. The first part is the transformation from a UML/OCL model into a Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) instance. The metamodel associated with the two models and the transformation rules are presented. The second part is the animation strategies used for the generation of SMT instances to compute test sequences. The paper studies five different types of strategy to build the first‐order formula used by an SMT instance. The paper also gives the results of experiments on six case studies that were used to validate the method. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Altered expression of hypoxia‐Inducible factor‐1α participates in the epileptogenesis in animal models
Authors: Jie Li , Guohui Jiang , Chen Yalan , Chen Ling , Li Zengyou , Wang Zhihua , Wang Xuefeng
Published: May 2014

Although epilepsy is a common neurological disorder, its mechanism(s) are still not completely understood. Hypoxia can lead to neuronal cell death and angiogenesis, and the same mechanisms were also found in epilepsy. Hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) is an important transcription protein that regulates gene expression in the brain and other tissues in response to decreases in oxygen availability. However, little is known regarding the expression of HIF‐1α in the epileptic brain and whether HIF‐1α interventions affect the epileptic process. The aims of this study are to investigate the expression profile of HIF‐1α in rat models and to explore the role of HIF‐1α in epilepsy. We performed Western blots and immunofluorescence in a lithium‐pilocarpine rat epilepsy model. To determine the role of HIF‐1α in epilepsy, we used the HIF‐1α agonist DMOG and inhibitor KC7F2 to detect changes in the animal behavior in pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) and lithium‐pilocarpine epilepsy models. The expression of HIF‐1α was significantly increased after pilocarpine‐induced status epilepticus. DMOG significantly prolonged the latent period in the PTZ kindling model and decreased the rate of spontaneous recurrent seizures during the chronic stage in the lithium‐pilocarpine model. Conversely, the inhibitor KC7F2 produced an opposite behavioral change. Interestingly, both KC7F2 and DMOG had no effect on the acute stage of pilocarpine model and PTZ convulsive model. Our study suggests that upregulated HIF‐1α may be involved in the process of epileptogenesis but not in the acute stage of epilepsy. The modulation of HIF‐1α may offer a novel therapeutic target in epilepsy. Synapse, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Outage performance of dual‐hop relaying systems over extended generalized‐K fading channels
Authors: Stefanovic Mihajlo C. , Anastasov Jelena A. , Cvetkovic Aleksandra M. , Djordjevic Goran T.
Published: May 2014

The outage performance of the amplify‐and‐forward relaying strategies over mutually uncorrelated extended generalized‐K fading channels is addressed in this paper. The attention is dedicated to the analyses of the noise‐limited and also interference‐limited environment. The new analytical expression for outage probability of observed relaying system in the presence of thermal noise is derived using the method for approximating equivalent signal‐to‐noise ratio. In addition, the outage performance is studied for the dual‐hop system when only the single dominant co‐channel interference is inherent at the relay and destination node. The correctness of the proposed mathematical derivations is verified by simulations. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cognitive aspects of Fragile X syndrome
Authors: Huddleston Lillie B. , Visootsak Jeannie , Sherman Stephanie L.
Published: May 2014

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the leading inherited cause of intellectual disability. It is primarily caused by the expansion of a CGG trinucleodide repeat located in the 5′ untranslated region of the X‐linked FMR1 gene. Individuals with FXS present with variable intellectual quotients (IQs) ranging from the average to the severe intellectual disability level. A range of neurocognitive strengths and challenges are observed in individuals with FXS. This article provides an overview of our current understanding related to cognition and FXS. Cognitive functioning levels, profiles, and IQ trajectories are discussed. Limitations of existing neuropsychological measures are described. WIREs Cogn Sci 2014, 5:501‐508. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1296

This article is categorized under:

Neuroscience > Cognition
Maternal control of the Drosophila dorsal–ventral body axis
Authors: Stein David S. , Stevens Leslie M.
Published: May 2014

The pathway that generates the dorsal–ventral (DV) axis of the Drosophila embryo has been the subject of intense investigation over the previous three decades. The initial asymmetric signal originates during oogenesis by the movement of the oocyte nucleus to an anterior corner of the oocyte, which establishes DV polarity within the follicle through signaling between Gurken, the Drosophila Transforming Growth Factor (TGF)‐α homologue secreted from the oocyte, and the Drosophila Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) that is expressed by the follicular epithelium cells that envelop the oocyte. Follicle cells that are not exposed to Gurken follow a ventral fate and express Pipe, a sulfotransferase that enzymatically modifies components of the inner vitelline membrane layer of the eggshell, thereby transferring DV spatial information from the follicle to the egg. These ventrally sulfated eggshell proteins comprise a localized cue that directs the ventrally restricted formation of the active Spätzle ligand within the perivitelline space between the eggshell and the embryonic membrane. Spätzle activates Toll, a transmembrane receptor in the embryonic membrane. Transmission of the Toll signal into the embryo leads to the formation of a ventral‐to‐dorsal gradient of the transcription factor Dorsal within the nuclei of the syncytial blastoderm stage embryo. Dorsal controls the spatially specific expression of a large constellation of zygotic target genes, the Dorsal gene regulatory network, along the embryonic DV circumference. This article reviews classic studies and integrates them with the details of more recent work that has advanced our understanding of the complex pathway that establishes Drosophila embryo DV polarity.

This article is categorized under:

Establishment of Spatial and Temporal Patterns > Cytoplasmic Localization

Establishment of Spatial and Temporal Patterns > Gradients

Signaling Pathways > Cell Fate Signaling

Early Embryonic Development > Development to the Basic Body Plan
Synaptotagmin 11 interacts with components of the RNA‐induced silencing complex RISC in clonal pancreatic β‐cells
Authors: Milochau Alexandra , Lagrée Valérie , Benassy Marie-Noëlle , Chaignepain Stéphane , Papin Julien , Garcia-Arcos Itsaso , Lajoix Anne , Monterrat Carole , Coudert Laetitia , Schmitter Jean-Marie , Ochoa Begoña , Lang Jochen
Published: May 2014

Synaptotagmins are two C2 domain‐containing transmembrane proteins. The function of calcium‐sensitive members in the regulation of post‐Golgi traffic has been well established whereas little is known about the calcium‐insensitive isoforms constituting half of the protein family. Novel binding partners of synaptotagmin 11 were identified in β‐cells. A number of them had been assigned previously to ER/Golgi derived‐vesicles or linked to RNA synthesis, translation and processing. Whereas the C2A domain interacted with the Q‐SNARE Vti1a, the C2B domain of syt11 interacted with the SND1, Ago2 and FMRP, components of the RNA‐induced silencing complex (RISC). Binding to SND was direct via its N‐terminal tandem repeats. Our data indicate that syt11 may provide a link between gene regulation by microRNAs and membrane traffic.
Processive cytoskeletal motors studied with single‐molecule fluorescence techniques
Authors: Belyy Vladislav , Yildiz Ahmet
Published: May 2014

Processive cytoskeletal motors from the myosin, kinesin, and dynein families walk on actin filaments and microtubules to drive cellular transport and organization in eukaryotic cells. These remarkable molecular machines are able to take hundreds of successive steps at speeds of up to several microns per second, allowing them to effectively move vesicles and organelles throughout the cytoplasm. Here, we focus on single‐molecule fluorescence techniques and discuss their wide‐ranging applications to the field of cytoskeletal motor research. We cover both traditional fluorescence and sub‐diffraction imaging of motors, providing examples of how fluorescence data can be used to measure biophysical parameters of motors such as coordination, stepping mechanism, gating, and processivity. We also outline some remaining challenges in the field and suggest future directions.
Prenatal exposure to integerrimine N‐oxide impaired the maternal care and the physical and behavioral development of offspring rats
Authors: Sandini Thaísa M. , Udo Mariana S.B. , Reis‐Silva Thiago M. , Bernardi Maria Martha , Spinosa Helenice de S.
Published: May 2014

Plants that contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) have been reported as contaminants of pastures and food, as well as being used in herbal medicine. PAs are responsible for poisoning events in livestock and human beings. The aim of this present study was to evaluate effects of prenatal exposure to integerrimine N‐oxide, the main PA found in the butanolic residue (BR) of Senecio brasiliensis, on both physical and behavioral parameters of Wistar rat offspring. The toxicity and maternal behavior were also evaluated. For this, pregnant Wistar rats received integerrimine N‐oxide from the BR of Senecio brasiliensis, by gavage, on gestational days 6–20 (during organogenesis and fetal development period) at doses of 3, 6 and 9 mg/kg. During treatment, maternal body weight gain, and food and water intake were evaluated. After parturition, maternal behavior and aggressive maternal behavior were analyzed. In addition, physical development and behavioral assessments were observed in both male and female pups. Results showed that prenatal exposure to integerrimine N‐oxide of S. brasiliensis induced maternal toxicity, impairment in maternal behavior and aggressive maternal behavior, mainly in the highest dose group. Between sexes comparison of pups showed loss of body weight, delayed physical development such as pinna detachment, hair growth, eruption of incisor teeth, eye and vaginal openings. These pups also showed a delay of palmar grasp, surface righting reflex, negative geotaxis and auditory startle reflexes. Thus, prenatal exposure to integerrimine N‐oxide induces maternal toxicity, impairment of maternal care and delayed in physical and behavioral development of the offspring.
Atraumatic Splenic Rupture After Coagulopathy Owing to a Snakebite
Authors: Kang Changwoo , Kim Dong Hoon , Kim Seong Chun , Kim Dong Seob , Jeong Chi-Young
Published: May 2014

Among the many complications that may follow envenomation by some species of venomous snakes, coagulopathy is common and well known. However, hemoperitoneum induced by coagulopathy after a snakebite is rare. Atraumatic spontaneous splenic rupture is also an uncommon and life-threatening condition. Here, we report a case of presumptive envenomation by Gloydius spp. that resulted in atraumatic splenic rupture as a probable manifestation of coagulopathy, which has not been previously reported.
Leiomyosarcoma of oral cavity: Rare presentation in retromolar trigone
Authors: Gokavarapu Sandhya , Jeevan Kumar K.A. , Chander Ravi , Murthy Sudha
Published: May 2014

Most of head and neck Leiomyosarcoma present with primary lesion in skin and soft tissue, minority are found in mucosal sites, Leiomyosarcoma is derived from vascular smooth muscles or arrector pili muscles of hair follicles, intraoral presentation is extremely rare of which tongue appears to be most common intraoral site followed by palate.

We present a case report of large (4.5 cm × 5.5 cm × 3.5 cm) Leiomyosarcoma of retromolar trigone.

A 68 years old male patient presented with a history of painless lump in the oral cavity since a period of 4 months. Clinical examination revealed a large nodular growth in the left retro molar trigone. Radiological features suggested lingual and buccal extension of the lesion with destruction of mandible. Incision biopsy was suggestive of spindle cell tumour. Metastatic work up was negative for metastasis, following which patient was treated by surgical resection and reconstruction.

Final histology was suggestive of high grade leiomyosarcoma based on morphological findings and panel of IHC reports. Patient was further managed with post operative adjuvant radiotherapy and is under follow up since a period of 6 months.
Perceptual and videofluoroscopic analyses of relation between backed articulation and velopharyngeal closure following cleft palate repair
Authors: Tezuka Masahiro , Ogata Yuko , Matsunaga Kazuhide , Mitsuyasu Takeshi , Hasegawa Sachiyo , Nakamura Norifumi
Published: May 2014

Purpose: Perceptual and videofluoroscopic (VF) analyses were performed to analyze velopharyngeal (VP) closure motions and tongue backing movement in subjects with postalveolar, palatal, and velar backed articulation (BA).

Materials and methods: For perceptual analysis, the timing of the appearance of BA and the VP closure level of 22 children with BA following palatal repair were compared to those of 17 subjects with normal articulation, 17 subjects with lateral articulation, and 11 subjects with glottal stop. For VF analysis, 16 subjects with BA and two healthy adult males as references were enrolled. On VF images, the proportions of the time required to complete VP closure and the duration of articulation (VPC/DA) were recorded and then analyzed based on the various degrees of tongue backing movement.

Results: The appearance of BA was recognized just after the acquisition of VP closure, and it was later than that of glottal stop and earlier than lateral articulation. On VF images, VP closure was achieved before tongue movement in healthy individuals, but after tongue movement in BA subjects. VPC/DA on articulation of both /ta/ and /sa/ were significantly smaller for healthy individuals than for BA subjects (P < 0.05). The timing of the complete VP closure approached that of articulation when the site of articulation shifted posteriorly (P < 0.01).

Conclusions: BA may result from precedent tongue backing movement before the completion of VP closure, as a process that may assist the VP closure motion for articulation.
Design of a kJ-class HiLASE laser as a driver for inertial fusion energy
Authors: Lucianetti Antonio , Sawicka Magdalena , Slezak Ondrej , Divoky Martin , Pilar Jan , Jambunathan Venkatesan , Bonora Stefano , Antipenkov Roman , Mocek Tomas
Published: May 2014

We present the results of performance modeling of a diode-pumped solid-state HiLASE laser designed for use in inertial fusion energy power plants. The main amplifier concept is based on a He-gas-cooled multi-slab architecture similar to that employed in Mercury laser system. Our modeling quantifies the reduction of thermally induced phase aberrations and average depolarization in

${\mathrm{Yb}}^{{3+}}$

:YAG slabs by a combination of helium cryogenic cooling and properly designed (doping/width) cladding materials.
Effect of raw milk on allergic responses in a murine model of gastrointestinal allergy
Authors: Hodgkinson Alison J. , McDonald Natalie A. , Hine Brad
Published: May 2014

Epidemiological studies have shown an association between the consumption of raw farm milk and reduced incidence of allergy. In the present study, we fed untreated raw milk, gamma-sterilised milk, heat-treated milk or water to mice and compared their responses to allergen exposure and challenge treatment in a mouse model of gastrointestinal allergy. From weaning (3 weeks old), groups of BALB/c female mice (n8) received raw milk, gamma-sterilised milk, heated milk or water via drink bottles, with the control group receiving water. All mice were fed a standard (dairy protein-free) rodent diet. At 6 and 8 weeks, groups were given intra-peritoneal injections with ovalbumin (OVA)/alum to sensitise them to the antigen. Controls were sham immunised. At week 10, mice were fasted and challenged four times on alternate days by intra-gastric administration with 50 mg OVA or saline. Levels of bacteria and milk proteins were assessed in milk samples. Mouse serum levels of specific IgE, IgG1and IgG2aantibodies and mouse mast cell protease-1 (MMCP-1) were determined. Cytokine responses to 48 h activation with OVA were measured in cultured splenocytes from mice. Sterilised and heated milks contained no viable bacteria and reduced detectable levels of many milk proteins, in contrast to raw milk. Mice drinking raw milk had highest serum MMCP-1 and specific-OVA IgE responses. Cultured splenocytes from OVA-primed mice produced similar levels of IL-4 in response to the antigen; however, IL-10 levels were highest from mice drinking raw milk. Overall, the present study adds to the evidence that consuming different types of milk can affect allergic responses to a non-related dietary antigen.
EXTRAVERSION, CREOLIZATION, AND DEPENDENCY IN THE ATLANTIC SLAVE TRADE
Authors: Lindsay Lisa A.
Published: May 2014

This article considers the Atlantic slave trade in relation to ‘extraversion’ in African history. Drawing especially on the work of Jean-François Bayart, it argues that slaving fit a long-term pattern in which elites drew on external connections in order to further their wealth and power at home. In doing so, they also opened their societies to new goods and ideas, thus bringing about cultural creolization. This is a different approach to the question of creolization than is commonly found among Americanist studies of Atlantic slavery, which tend to treat cultural change without consideration of politics. The concept of extraversion thus helps to link culture and political economy. Nevertheless, it also bears refinement. Recent scholarship on African involvement in the Atlantic slave trade – some of it detailed in this article – makes clear that extraversion may have reflected African agency, as Bayart insisted, but that it also entangled African societies in destructive relationships of dependency.
POLITICS OF THE SOIL: SEPARATISM, AUTOCHTHONY, AND DECOLONIZATION AT THE KENYAN COAST
Authors: Prestholdt Jeremy
Published: May 2014

This article examines the perceived interdependence of territorial rights and social identity in colonial Kenya. In the early 1960s, attempts to win full autonomy for a narrow strip of Indian Ocean coastline – the Protectorate of Kenya – encouraged an exclusivist discourse of autochthony. To establish their historical ownership of the coast, both political thinkers who supported and decried coastal separatism emphasized the correlation of race, ethnicity, religion, and physical space. Through competing claims to ‘the soil’, all parties articulated a dually integrative and divisive language of citizenship. As a result, autochthony discourse exacerbated tensions within coastal society, fortified divergent visions of the postcolonial nation, and highlighted reductive definitions of the coast as either maritime or continental in orientation.
Environmental control of germination in semi-arid Mediterranean systems: the case of annuals on gypsum soils
Authors: Sánchez Ana M. , Luzuriaga Arantzazu L. , Peralta Ana L. , Escudero Adrián
Published: May 2014

Whether or not it is time for germination is a dilemma for annuals since they have only a single opportunity to reproduce successfully. This is critical for species living in stressful and unpredictable environments such as Mediterranean habitats. In order to clarify the environmental cues of germination, four annuals of different families, all of them occurring very frequently on gypsum soils, were selected and their germination observed under 14 climate scenarios, mimicking temperature and photoperiod conditions from autumn to spring, at two levels of water availability (continuous irrigation versus an initial single irrigation event followed by a progressive soil desiccation). In spring scenarios, two seed-storage conditions were compared: dry cold and room conditions. In the absence of water limitation, germination decreased from early autumn to late spring. Water scarcity always reduced germination, especially in early spring. Our results suggest a facultative winter germination behaviour and highlight the crucial role of dry cold storage in reducing spring germination. In conclusion, Mediterranean ephemerals showed a very plastic germination response that allows them to take advantage of favourable environmental conditions from autumn to spring. This environmental cueing is combined with the ability to dilute the risk through a variable rate of seed dormancy that, according to bet-hedging strategies, increases from secure autumn to riskier spring.
Predicting the impact of increasing temperatures on seed germination among populations of Western AustralianBanksia(Proteaceae)
Authors: Cochrane Anne , Hoyle Gemma L. , Yates Colin J. , Wood Jeff , Nicotra Adrienne B.
Published: May 2014

Temperature is a significant factor influencing seed germination and for many species temperature-mediated germination cues are vital for plant persistence. Rising temperatures forecast as a result of anthropogenic climate change may have a substantial influence on the population and range dynamics of plant species. Here, we report on the thermal constraints on seed germination in natural populations of four congenericBanksiaspecies collected from a longitudinal climate gradient in Western Australia. We investigated whether germination niche: (1) varied between species; (2) varied among populations of each species; and (3) varied in a consistent manner reflecting the climatic gradients of seed origin. We hypothesized that species would differ and that populations from warmer sites would have a broader temperature window for germination than populations from cooler sites. Species differed in the breadth of their germination niche, but temperatures that stimulated the most rapid and complete germination were similar across all species. A sharp reduction in germination percentage occurred above the optimum temperature, which coincided with significant delays in germination relative to the optimum. The temperatures causing these declines varied among populations. Across the species, there was a significant correlation between optimum germination temperature and mean annual temperature at seed source; however, there was no relationship at the population level for individual species. These data provide insight into the vulnerability ofBanksiaspecies to climate change, with those populations that require lower temperatures for germination, or have narrower optimal ranges for germination, likely to be most vulnerable to a warming climate.
Effects of jacalin and follicle-stimulating hormone onin vitrogoat primordial follicle activation, survival and gene expression
Authors: Ribeiro Regislane P. , Portela Antonia M.L.R. , Silva Anderson W.B. , Costa José J.N. , Passos José R.S. , Cunha Ellen V. , Souza Glaucinete B. , Saraiva Márcia V.A. , Donato Mariana A. M. , Peixoto Christina. A. , van den Hurk Robert , Silva José R.V.
Published: May 2014

This study aims to investigate the effects of jacalin and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) on activation and survival of goat primordial follicles, as well as on gene expression in cultured ovarian tissue. Ovarian fragments were cultured for 6 days in minimum essential medium (MEM) supplemented with jacalin (10, 25, 50 or 100 μg/ml – Experiment 1) or in MEM supplemented with jacalin (50 μg/ml), FSH (50 ng/ml) or both (Experiment 2). Non-cultured and cultured tissues were processed for histological and ultrastructural analysis. Cultured tissues from Experiment 2 were also stored to evaluate the expression of BMP-15, KL (Kit ligand), c-kit, GDF-9 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The results of Experiment 1 showed that, compared with tissue that was cultured in control medium, the presence of 50 μg/ml of jacalin increased both the percentages of developing follicles and viability. In Experiment 2, after 6 days, higher percentages of normal follicles were observed in tissue cultured in presence of FSH, jacalin or both, but no synergistic interaction between FSH and jacalin was observed. These substances had no significant effect on the levels of mRNA for BMP-15 and KL, but FSH increased significantly the levels of mRNA for PCNA and c-kit. On the other hand, jacalin reduced the levels of mRNA for GDF-9. In conclusion, jacalin and FSH are able to improve primordial follicle activation and survival after 6 days of culture. Furthermore, presence of FSH increases the expression of mRNA for PCNA and c-kit, but jacalin resulted in lower GDF-9 mRNA expression.
Authoritarianism, Inner/Other Directedness, and Sensation Seeking in Firefighter/Paramedics: Their Relationship with Burnout
Authors: Palmer Ronald G. , Spaid Wanda M.
Published: May 2014

Introduction:

Burnout in firefighter/paramedics (FF/EMT-Ps) is widely believed to exist, but few empirical data support its existence, symptomatology, or intervention. Understanding the extent, nature, and cause of burnout is crucial to improving employee morale and performance.

Study Population:

Ninety-one FF/EMT-Ps employed by Salt Lake County Fire Department.

Hypotheses:

Three specific hypotheses were tested: 1) FF/EMT-Ps who score high on burnout also will score high on authoritarianism; 2) FF/EMT-Ps who score high on burnout also will score high on inner-directedness; and 3) FF/EMT-Ps who score high on burnout also will score high on sensation seeking.

Methods:

In this descriptive study, FF/EMT-Ps computed four standardized instruments measuring authoritarianism, burnout, inner-directedness versus other-directedness and sensation seeking.

Results:

Firefighters who scored high on burnout also scored high on authoritarianism and on the sensation-seeking subscale of boredom. Burnout did not correlate with the overall sensation-seeking scale or with its other subscales (thrill, experience, and disinhibition), or inner-directedness versus other-directedness.

Conclusion:

A focus on control issues needs to be an integral part of programs for decreasing employee burnout among FF/EMT-Ps. Specific components of such programs should include stress management and counseling. In addition, management personnel need to be taught not only to assist direct-service staff, but also to recognize and deal with their own control issues as they affect job performance.
A Comparison of the Medium-term Impact and Recovery of the Pakistan Floods and the Haiti Earthquake: Objective and Subjective Measures
Authors: Weiss William M. , Kirsch Thomas D. , Doocy Shannon , Perrin Paul
Published: May 2014

Introduction

The 2010 Haiti earthquake and Pakistan floods were similar in their massive human impact. Although the specific events were very different, the humanitarian response to disasters is supposed to achieve the same ends. This paper contrasts the disaster effects and aims to contrast the medium-term response.

Methods

In January 2011, similarly structured population-based surveys were carried out in the most affected areas using stratified cluster designs (80×20 in Pakistan and 60×20 in Haiti) with probability proportional to size sampling.

Results

Displacement persisted in Haiti and Pakistan at 53% and 39% of households, respectively. In Pakistan, 95% of households reported damage to their homes and loss of income or livelihoods, and in Haiti, the rates were 93% and 85%, respectively. Frequency of displacement, and income or livelihood loss, were significantly higher in Pakistan, whereas disaster-related deaths or injuries were significantly more prevalent in Haiti.

Conclusion

Given the rise in disaster frequency and costs, and the volatility of humanitarian funding streams as a result of the recent global financial crisis, it is increasingly important to measure the impact of humanitarian response against the goal of a return to normalcy.

WeissWM, KirschTD, DoocyS, PerrinP. A comparison of the medium-term impact and recovery of the Pakistan floods and the Haiti earthquake: objective and subjective measures. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2014;29(3):1-8.
Investigation of the Component Processes Involved in Verbal Declarative Memory Function in Bipolar Disorder: Utility of the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised
Authors: Van Rheenen Tamsyn E. , Rossell Susan L.
Published: May 2014

Evidence suggests that standard learning and recall indexes are sensitive markers of verbal declarative memory ability in bipolar disorder (BD), but no study has examined performance across the full range of component process measures on the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test (HVLT-R) in a BD cohort. As the HVLT-R is part of a widely used battery of cognitive functioning backed by the U.S. Federal Drug Administration as the accepted battery for use in pro-cognitive trials assessing cognitive-enhancing drugs in the related disorder schizophrenia, estimating the utility of its measures in BD is important. Forty-nine BD patients and 51 healthy controls completed the HVLT-R, which was scored for 13 variables of interest, across 4 indices: recall and learning, recognition, strategic organization, and errors. BD patients had greater difficulty in learning the HVLT-R word list compared to controls. They also demonstrated impairment in delayed recall/recognition. There were no differences between the groups in terms of their slope of learning, retrieval index, retention percentage, semantic or serial clustering, errors, or level of retrieval. This pattern was consistent across symptomatic and euthymic patients. The HVLT-R has some utility in characterizing the component processes involved in memory function in BD, such that memory impairments appear to be attributable to deficient encoding processes during the acquisition phase of learning. In the case of planning pro-cognitive clinical trials, the encoding deficits in BD observed here may be sensitive enough to potentially respond to medications designed to enhance the verbal memory performance. (JINS, 2014, 20, 1–9)
Kant and the Art of Schematism
Authors: Matherne Samantha
Published: May 2014

In theCritique of Pure Reason, Kant describes schematism as a ‘hidden art in the depths of the human soul’ (A141/B180–1). While most commentators treat this as Kant's metaphorical way of saying schematism is something too obscure to explain, I argue that we should follow up Kant's clue and treat schematism literally asKunst. By letting our interpretation of schematism be guided by Kant's theoretically exact ways of using the termKunstin theCritique of Judgmentwe gain valuable insight into the nature of schematism, as well as its connection to Kant's concerns in the thirdCritique.
Patriotism, Peace and Poverty: Reply to Bernstein and Varden
Authors: Kleingeld Pauline
Published: May 2014

In this essay I reply to Alyssa Bernstein and Helga Varden's comments on my book, Kant and Cosmopolitanism. In response to Bernstein, I argue that Kant's opposition to the coercive incorporation of states into an international federation should be interpreted as permitting no exceptions. In response to Varden, I clarify Kant's conception and defence of patriotism as a duty, and I show how Kantian cosmopolitans can rebut Bernard Williams's ‘one-thought-too-many’ objection. I also explicate why, given a specific feature of Kant's defence of the state's duty to provide poverty relief, an international federation can be seen to have an analogous duty.
Non-covalent interactions at electrochemical interfaces: one model fits all?
Authors: Cabello Gema , Leiva Ezequiel P. M. , Gutiérrez Claudio , Cuesta Angel
Published: May 2014

A model based on simple thermodynamic assumptions allows us to describe and understand the effect of alkali-metal cations on very different electroadsorption processes.
Analysis of ethyl and methyl centralite vibrational spectra for mapping organic gunshot residues
Authors: Zeng Jianbo , Qi Ji , Bai Fuquan , Chung Yu Jorn Chi , Shih Wei-Chuan
Published: May 2014

Detection of ethyl and methyl centralites in gunshot residues is important in forensic science due to their limited contamination from environmental sources compared to other organic residues.
A new assembly for biosensing ultra-trace levels of mercury in a continuous flow system
Authors: Singh Jasminder , Mittal Susheel K.
Published: May 2014

A new assembly was designed for the determination of mercury ions in a continuous flow system with aChlorellasp.-based amperometric biosensor.
Propargylamine–isothiocyanate reaction: efficient conjugation chemistry in aqueous media
Authors: Viart H. M.-F. , Larsen T. S. , Tassone C. , Andresen T. L. , Clausen M. H.
Published: May 2014

We describe a high-yielding, additive-free coupling reaction between propargyl amines and isothiocyanates in aqueous media that affords cyclized conjugation products.
Enantioselective intramolecular propargylic amination using chiral copper–pybox complexes as catalysts
Authors: Shibata Masashi , Nakajima Kazunari , Nishibayashi Yoshiaki
Published: May 2014

Intramolecular propargylic amination of propargylic acetates bearing an amino group at the suitable position in the presence of chiral copper–pybox complexes proceeds enantioselectively to give optically active 1-ethynyl-isoindolines (up to 98% ee).
Chemoselective reduction of α-keto amides using nickel catalysts
Authors: Mamillapalli N. Chary , Sekar Govidasamy
Published: May 2014

Ni-catalysts are used for the first time to synthesize α-hydroxy amides and β-amino alcohols from α-keto amides by chemoselective and complete reduction using hydrosilanes.
A supramolecular hydrogelator of curcumin
Authors: Yang Chengbiao , Wang Zhongyan , Ou Caiwen , Chen Minsheng , Wang Ling , Yang Zhimou
Published: May 2014

The first supramolecular hydrogelator of curcumin is reported in this study.
Peptide-catalyzed kinetic resolution of planar-chiral metallocenes
Authors: Akiyama Midori , Akagawa Kengo , Seino Hidetake , Kudo Kazuaki
Published: May 2014

Kinetic resolution of racemic planar-chiral metallocenes was performed by a resin-supported peptide catalyst, in which low-molecular-weight organocatalysts were not effective.
A new class of organic photovoltaic materials: poly(rod-coil) polymers having alternative conjugated and non-conjugated segments
Authors: Li Hong-Jiao , Wang Jin-Tu , Mei Chong-Yu , Li Wei-Shi
Published: May 2014

A new class of organic photovoltaic donor materials, poly(rod-coil) polymers, has been proposed and studied.
A robust DNA interface on a silicon electrode
Authors: Michaels Pauline , Alam Muhammad Tanzirul , Ciampi Simone , Rouesnel William , Parker Stephen G. , Choudhury Moinul H. , Gooding J. Justin
Published: May 2014

Schematic of a DNA sensing interface formed on oxide-free silicon electrodes that both resist nonspecific adsorption of DNA and maintains stable electrical properties in biological media.
An organocatalytic one-pot cascade incorporating the Achmatowicz reaction affording 3-pyrone derivatives
Authors: Ransborg Lars Krogager , Lykke Lennart , Hammer Niels , Næsborg Line , Jørgensen Karl Anker
Published: May 2014

The development of an organocatalytic one-pot cascade for the annulation of simple starting materials: α,β-unsaturated aldehydes, hydrogen peroxide, β-carbonyl compounds and NBS to furnish optically active 3-pyrones in good yield and with excellent enantioselectivity is presented.
Fast crystallization and low-power amorphization of Mg–Sb–Te reversible phase-change films
Authors: Li Junjian , Wang Guoxiang , Li Jun , Shen Xiang , Chen Yimin , Wang Rongping , Xu Tiefeng , Nie Qiuhua , Dai Shixun , Lu Yegang , Wang Xunsi
Published: May 2014

We prepared Mg-doped Sb2Te films and investigated their structural, optical and electrical properties.
Salt-assisted rapid transformation of NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+ nanocrystals from cubic to hexagonal
Authors: Yin Bangda , Zhou Wenli , Long Qian , Li Chengzhi , Zhang Youyu , Yao Shouzhuo
Published: May 2014

High-quality hexagonal nanocrystals (β-NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+) were prepared through one-pot mild solvothermal synthesis. The crystal structure of NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+ can be controlled by changing the molar ratio of phosphate to Ln3+ (Ln3+ represents the total amount of Y3+ and the doped rare earth elements such as Yb3+, Er3+).
Preparation and characterisation of uranium oxides with spherical shapes and hierarchical structures
Authors: Nkou Bouala G. I. , Clavier N. , Podor R. , Cambedouzou J. , Mesbah A. , Brau H. P. , Léchelle J. , Dacheux N.
Published: May 2014

One of the first reports on shape-controlled uranium oxides with hierarchical structures and their mechanism of formation.
Dielectric properties of liquid phase molecular clusters using the external field method: molecular dynamics study
Authors: Abeyrathne Chathurika D. , Halgamuge Malka N. , Farrell Peter M. , Skafidas Efstratios
Published: May 2014

A method based on molecular dynamics simulations is presented to determine dielectric properties of materials under external electric fields without prior knowledge of their static dielectric constant, using reaction field approximations.
Ozonolysis of methyl oleate monolayers at the air–water interface: oxidation kinetics, reaction products and atmospheric implications
Authors: Pfrang Christian , Sebastiani Federica , Lucas Claire O. M. , King Martin D. , Hoare Ioan D. , Chang Debby , Campbell Richard A.
Published: May 2014

Ozonolysis of a methyl oleate monolayer results in its surprisingly rapid loss suggesting atmospheric lifetimes of organic material at the air–water interface of only ∼10 min.
Reductive activation and structural rearrangement in superoxide reductase: a combined infrared spectroscopic and computational study
Authors: Horch M. , Pinto A. F. , Utesch T. , Mroginski M. A. , Romão C. V. , Teixeira M. , Hildebrandt P. , Zebger I.
Published: May 2014

Local and global structural changes that enable reductive activation of superoxide reductase are revealed by a combined approach of infrared difference spectroscopy and computational methods.
Molecular dynamics simulations of the structure of the graphene–ionic liquid/alkali salt mixtures interface
Authors: Méndez-Morales Trinidad , Carrete Jesús , Pérez-Rodríguez Martín , Cabeza Óscar , Gallego Luis J. , Lynden-Bell Ruth M. , Varela Luis M.
Published: May 2014

Ionic liquids mixed with lithium or potassium salts are layered near charged and uncharged graphene.
Effect of dispersion on surface interactions of cobalt(ii) octaethylporphyrin monolayer on Au(111) and HOPG(0001) substrates: a comparative first principles study
Authors: Chilukuri Bhaskar , Mazur Ursula , Hipps K. W.
Published: May 2014

Implication of dispersion interactions on geometric, adsorption and electronic properties of porphyrin monolayer on conductive surfaces using density functional theory.
Heterogeneous electron transfer at nanoscopic electrodes: importance of electronic structures and electric double layers
Authors: Chen Shengli , Liu Yuwen , Chen Junxiang
Published: May 2014

Recent insights into the nanoscopic electrode size and structure effects on heterogeneous ET kinetics are presented.
The btp [2,6-bis(1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)pyridine] binding motif: a new versatile terdentate ligand for supramolecular and coordination chemistry
Authors: Byrne Joseph P. , Kitchen Jonathan A. , Gunnlaugsson Thorfinnur
Published: May 2014

Here we review the progress made to date in the synthesis and applications of ligands based on thebtp[2,6-bis(1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)pyridine] motif; but these have recently become an important new class of ligands for use in coordination and supramolecular chemistry.
Gas-phase oxidation of ethanol over Au/TiO2 catalysts to probe metal–support interactions
Authors: Holz Marie Christine , Tölle Katharina , Muhler Martin
Published: May 2014

Ethanol and oxygen were converted over titania and gold nanoparticles supported on titania to investigate the reactivity of the support, the influence of the metal, and the role of metal–support interactions.
Synthesis, characterization and properties of a family of lead(ii)–organic frameworks based on a multi-functional ligand 2-amino-4-sulfobenzoic acid exhibiting auxiliary ligand-dependent dehydration–rehydration behaviours
Authors: Zhang Kou-Lin , Zhong Zhao-Yin , Zhang Lei , Jing Chu-Yue , Daniels Luke M. , Walton Richard I.
Published: May 2014

A simplified representation of the architectures and auxiliary ligand-dependent dehydration–rehydration behaviours of 1–4.
Ce3+ sensitized GdPO4:Tb3+ with iron oxide nanoparticles: a potential biphasic system for cancer theranostics
Authors: Sahu Niroj Kumar , Singh Naorem Shanta , Pradhan Lina , Bahadur Dhirendra
Published: May 2014

We report a biphasic system (BPS) consisting of PEGylated Tb3+-doped GdPO4 nanorice sensitized with Ce3+ (PEG-NRs) and glutamic acid coated iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) with multifunctional capabilities.
Scalable fabrication of MnO2 nanostructure deposited on free-standing Ni nanocone arrays for ultrathin, flexible, high-performance micro-supercapacitor
Authors: Su Zijin , Yang Cheng , Xie Binghe , Lin Ziyin , Zhang Zhexu , Liu Jingping , Li Baohua , Kang Feiyu , Wong Ching Ping
Published: May 2014

A thin film of Ni nanocone arrays loaded with MnO2 nanostructures is prepared by an electro-deposition process and peeled off from the carrier substrate. This electrode shows superior performance for micro-supercapacitors.
Spontaneous formation of metallic nanostructures on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG): an ab initio and experimental study
Authors: Juarez Maria F. , Fuentes Silvina , Soldano Germán J. , Avalle Lucia , Santos Elizabeth
Published: May 2014

We have investigated the decoration of step-edges of HOPG by Ag, Au and Pt using experimental and theoretical approaches. Metallic nanowires can be formed on bare or functionalized step-edges. Energy dispersion analysis indicates the presence of oxygenated groups. The experiments showed that nanowires can be obtained with the three metals along the step-edges, but the shapes and morphologies are very different. We have found that the interaction between the metal wires and the carbon follows the sequence: Pt > Au > Ag. The electronic redistribution between the atoms participating in the bond between the metallic nanowire and the step-edges shows a complicated pattern. The density of electronic states projected on the different atoms indicates that there are different orbitals participating in the bonds.
Computational investigation of hole mobilities in organic semiconductors: comparison of single crystal structures and surface adsorbed clusters
Authors: Krawczuk Rose A. , Tierney Steven , Mitchell William , McDouall Joseph J. W.
Published: May 2014

We report hole mobilities obtained computationally based on both single crystal geometries and those obtained from crystal fragments optimised on a model surface. Such computational estimates can differ considerably from experimentally measured thin film mobilities. One source of this discrepancy is due to a difference in the morphology of the thin film compared with that of the crystal. Here, predictions of thin film hole mobilities based on optimised structures are given. A model surface is used to provide an inert geometric platform for the formation of an organic monolayer. The model is tested on pentacene and TIPS-pentacene for which experimental information of the surface morphology exists. The model has also been applied to four previously uninvestigated structures. Two of the compounds studied had fairly low predicted mobilities in their single crystal structures, which were vastly improved post-optimisation. This is in accord with experiment.
Anti-inflammatory activity and molecular mechanism of Oolong tea theasinensin
Authors: Hisanaga Ayami , Ishida Hisako , Sakao Kozue , Sogo Takayuki , Kumamoto Takuma , Hashimoto Fumio , Hou De-Xing
Published: May 2014

Oolong tea theasinensins are a group of tea polyphenols different from green tea catechins and black tea theaflavins, and they are considered as bioactive compounds in oolong tea.
Interaction of the dietary pigment curcumin with hemoglobin: energetics of the complexation
Authors: Basu Anirban , Kumar Gopinatha Suresh
Published: May 2014

The energetics of the interaction of a dietary pigment, curcumin, with hemoglobin have been elucidated using microcalorimetric techniques.
Biofunctionalized self-propelled micromotors as an alternative on-chip concentrating system
Authors: Restrepo-Pérez Laura , Soler Lluís , Martínez-Cisneros Cynthia , Sánchez Samuel , Schmidt Oliver G.
Published: May 2014

Biofunctionalized self-propelled micromotors combined with microchips are alternative concentrating systems. No external energy source is required, facilitating integration and miniaturization.
The role of electrostatic induction in secondary isotope effects on acidity: theory and computational confirmation
Authors: Halevi E. Amitai
Published: May 2014

How well can secondary isotope effects on acidity in aqueous solution be approximated by gas-phase computations on the hydrated components?
A study on the aromaticity and magnetic properties of triazolephorphyrazines
Authors: Kerim Ablikim
Published: May 2014

Global and local aromaticities of triazoleporphyrazines were characterized using the graph theory of aromaticity and ring-current diamagnetism methods.
Reactivity of silica supported zirconium hydride towards N2O and CO2 probe molecules: a computational point of view
Authors: Kalhor Mahboubeh Poor , Wischert Raphael , Copéret Christophe , Chermette Henry
Published: May 2014

The DFT calculations shed light on the reactivity of supported zirconium hydrides toward probe molecules like N2O and CO2.
From spiropentane to butterfly and tetrahedral structures in tetranuclear iron carbonyl carbide chemistry
Authors: Gong Xiaoli , Zhu Liyao , Yang Jing , Gao Xiumin , Li Qian-shu , Xie Yaoming , King R. Bruce , Schaefer III Henry F.
Published: May 2014

The geometries of the lowest energy Fe4C(CO)n (n = 16, 15, 14, 13) structures obey the n + f = 18 rule where f is the number of Fe–Fe bonds.
Orthogonal enzyme arrays on a DNA origami scaffold bearing size-tunable wells
Authors: Yamazaki Takahiro , Heddle Jonathan Gardiner , Kuzuya Akinori , Komiyama Makoto
Published: May 2014

Multiple enzymes were orthogonally arrayed in a single-molecule manner on waffle-like DNA origami scaffolds with size-tunable wells.
From in vitro to in cellulo: structure–activity relationship of (2-nitrophenyl)methanol derivatives as inhibitors of PqsD in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Storz Michael P. , Allegretta Giuseppe , Kirsch Benjamin , Empting Martin , Hartmann Rolf W.
Published: May 2014

More than 60 derivatives of (2-nitrophenyl)methanol were synthesized and evaluated regarding their potency to inhibit PqsD. In vitro and in cellulo structure–activity relationships were derived.
Supercritical fluid methods for synthesizing cathode materials towards lithium ion battery applications
Authors: Devaraju M. K. , Truong Q. D. , Tomai T. , Honma I.
Published: May 2014

Supercritical fluid methods are proven to be very beneficial in controlling the size and shape of lithium battery materials. We hope that this review provides useful information on the production of these materials via supercritical fluid methods for energy storage applications, and that they could be extended for the synthesis of a variety of technologically potential materials.
Biochemical characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis IMP dehydrogenase: kinetic mechanism, metal activation and evidence of a cooperative system
Authors: Rostirolla Diana Carolina , Milech de Assunção Thiago , Bizarro Cristiano Valim , Basso Luiz Augusto , Santos Diogenes Santiago
Published: May 2014

Proposed kinetic mechanism forMtIMPDH in the presence of K+.