bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, attitude and barriers to hands hygiene practice: a study of Kampala International University undergraduate medical students
Authors: Muiru Hannah W.
Published: August 2018

Background: Hand hygiene is the simplest method that is effective in terms of cost with its importance in preventing transmission of microorganisms and infections. Though this being the case, it has been found to be clumsy and faulty in most healthcare settings. What has been done on assessing the medical students’ knowledge, attitude and practice and comparisons of these factors between the medical disciplines is not exhaustive.Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted among the undergraduate medical students to assess the knowledge in medical students, their attitude and barriers to hand hygiene practice where simple random sampling technique was applied to obtain a sample size. A questionnaire on alcohol-based hand rubs and WHO recommendations on hand hygiene was used for data collection.Results: A total of 392 respondents were interviewed. The respondents comprised of 232 males and 160 females. The overall mean score for individual knowledge was 49.4%. The study revealed that more than half of the respondents 203 had poor knowledge on hand hygiene while 43.1% had average and 5.1% were consider to have good knowledge. Most of the respondents had good attitude on hand hygiene on most of the aspects that were assessed. Several barriers to effective hand hygiene practice were highlighted by the respondent.Conclusions: The study concluded that more sensitization was needed to increase awareness and knowledge of the practice in medical students which could be achieved by adding a course on hand hygiene practice to the undergraduate medical students’ curriculum amongst others.
Risk factors for chronic kidney disease: a hospital based cross sectional study from Visakhapatnam
Authors: Moparthi Sindhura , Seepana Madhavi , Bhimarasetty Devi Madhavi
Published: August 2018

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is being increasingly recognised as a leading public health problem. In India, given its population >1 billion, the rising incidence of CKD is likely to pose major problems for both healthcare and the economy in future years. Diabetes and hypertension are strong predictors for development and progression of chronic kidney disease. The objective of the study was to assess risk factors for chronic kidney disease among patients undergoing dialysis in King George Hospital (KGH), Visakhapatnam.Methods: This is an observational descriptive cross sectional study done in dialysis unit in KGH. A total of 100 patients were selected out of 141 registered CKD patients by simple random sampling technique. Study is done in the month of October- November 2015. A pretested semi structured schedule was administered. Informed written consent was taken from the patients. MS excel 2007 was used for data entry. Data was analysed by SPSS trial version 20. Categorical data was analysed by Chi square test.Results: Among 100 study subjects 72 were females and 28 were males. 91% of the CKD patients were Hypertensive, among whom 73.6% were males and 26.4% were females. This difference was not found to be statistically significant (p=0.446). 22% of the CKD patients were Diabetic, among whom 81.8% were males and 18.2% were females.Conclusions: Better understanding of the role of risk factors in CKD is needed. Large community based cross sectional studies are needed to study in detail about CKD risk factors.
Knowledge, attitude and practices studies conducted amongst medical students of India
Authors: Sachdeva Sandeep , Taneja Neha , Dwivedi Nidhi
Published: August 2018

Background: Assessment of published original “KAP” based research studies conducted amongst Indian medical undergraduate students.Methods: A systematic evaluation was undertaken using keywords “KAP” or “knowledge” or “awareness” or “attitude” or “practices” and “MBBS students” or “medical students” or “health students” or “undergraduate student” or “university students” and “India” through search engines, PUBMED and Google scholar under certain criteria.Results: Highest, “KAP” based articles amongst MBBS students published during one-year period were related to Pharmacovigilance (15.6%) followed by organ/blood donation (11.7%) and self-medication (9.8%), tobacco (5.8%), and basic life support (5.8%) etc; 48 (94.1%) article was one-time cross-sectional descriptive studies while 03 (5.8%) had intervention based research design. Average no. of authors per article was 3.5 (±1.3); Medical student was co-author in 04 (7.8%) research papers. Corresponding author was largely dominated by faculties from pre and para-clinical departments with highest from pharmacology (29.4%) and community medicine (27.4%). The studies covered an average sample size of 225.8 MBBS students (45-648, range) per research article. Avg. no. of references used/article was 18.6 (±7.4); Out of all the references used in research articles, only 60.2% were of recent-10 year time frame (2007-2016) origin while the rest were from older time-frame and only 36.1% of all the references were of Indian origin.Conclusions: Probably, first of its kind systemic synthesis undertaken in the country concludes that diverse topics of “KAP” research have been conducted by the teaching faculties on MBBS students in India and this study provides the over-view of the same.
A study on risk factors of hypertension among females residing in a rural block of West Bengal
Authors: Suman Sweta , Paul Bobby , Pan Tania , Banerjee Raharshi
Published: August 2018

Background: A systematic review on the prevalence of HTN in India, for studies published between 1969 and July 2011, reported a range between 13.9 to 46.3% and 4.5 to 58.8% in urban and rural areas of India, respectively. Females are more negligent as far as health seeking behaviour is concerned. No study was found to report the status of risk factors of hypertension solely among the female population in this rural community of West Bengal. Thus, this study was undertaken with the purpose to highlight the status of known risk factors of hypertension among adults female population of a rural community of West Bengal.Methods: A community based cross-sectional study with systematic random sampling was conducted among 174 adult women residing in a rural area of West Bengal. Informed consent was obtained from the study participants. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on various risk factors of hypertension. Analysis was done using SPSS (v 16).Results: Among 174 study participants, 54% were found to be hypertensive at the time of examination. Score according to number of risk factors was calculated and found to range from 2-10, the attainable score being 0-14. Median Systolic and diastolic Blood pressure was found to be more in group of individuals with more score.Conclusions: Modifiable risk factors were found to be present in considerable proportion of the study participants.
A cross sectional study on defective vision among secondary school going children in Vijayawada city, Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Durga Kumar Chinta , Anga Venkata Suresh
Published: August 2018

Background: Eye is one of the most vital organs of human body. Any abnormality in the eye can impair vision and make the person handicapped for life. The school children form a special group because they are most vulnerable to the effects of reduced vision and its impact on learning capability and educational potential. The objective of the study was to find out the factors affecting vision of secondary school children, to suggest preventive and remedial measures for defective vision.Methods: It was a cross sectional study. School children of Zilla Parishad secondary high school during November 2016 to December 2016 were studied. A pretested semi structured questionnaire was administered. A total of 320 students were included in the study by using convenient sampling technique. Data was entered in Microsoft excel sheet and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. Results were expressed as proportions for different study variables.Results: Out of the 320 students, majority 181 (56.56%) of study participants were girls. The highest number of students (49.38%) was between 12-13 years of age group. Prevalence of defective vision is 34%. Family history is present in 29% of the study population. 34% of children with defective vision, it was detected by their mother.Conclusions: Refractive errors are more in girls. Children and parents should be educated regarding ocular hygiene and early correction of refractive errors.
Determinants of awareness regarding immunization among parents of children residing in an urban slum of a metro city
Authors: Hedaoo Sandeep S. , Deshpande Swati R. , Badge Vijay L.
Published: August 2018

Background: Many families lack accurate information and knowledge about need for immunization, the need for subsequent dose(s), and the importance of completing the entire immunization schedule. Considering this fact present study was undertaken to identify the factors influencing knowledge of parents regarding immunization.Methods: It’s a cross sectional study conducted for a period of one year in an urban slum area of Malad, Mumbai. Children aged 12-24 months in the study area were included and their parents interviewed using semi structured questionnaire which was validated with the help of a pilot study.Results: Ninety seven percent respondents had heard about immunization. Only 2.8% of them were not aware about immunization. Total 30.5% of respondents could correctly identify the purpose of immunization i.e. protection of child from disease. Almost 65.2% of them did not know vaccines given under national immunization program. Fever (72.3%) was commonest side effect reported by respondents followed by swelling (38.3%). Reasons for lack of knowledge were ignorance about immunization (31.0%), followed by enough information was not received from health providers (24.1%).Conclusions: Knowledge regarding immunisation is very poor among the residents of urban slums of Mumbai. IEC material regarding immunization should be displayed in waiting areas of immunization clinic and several strategic places in the community. There is a need for additional training or capacity building of health workers to improve their attitudes towards clients, and to strengthen their ability to counsel regarding immunization.
Prevalence of anaemia amongst adolescents attending OPD at rural health and training centre, Era’s Lucknow Medical College and Hospital
Authors: Ahmad Sumaiya , Gupta Pratibha , Khatoon Ruby , Zaidi Zeashan Haider , Sahai Raghunath
Published: August 2018

Background: Nutritional anemia is worldwide problem with highest prevalence in developing countries. Causes of anemia are inadequate intake and poor absorption of iron, malaria, hookworm infestation, diarrhea, heavy menstrual blood flow etc. It involves population of all age group and sex. But adolescent are more vulnerable to it. The objective of the study was to find prevalence of anemia amongst adolescents attending rural health and training Centre of Era’s Lucknow Medical College and Hospital.Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Rural Health Training Centre (RHTC), Era’s Lucknow Medical College. All the adolescents attending OPD at RHTC for any health problem were included in the study. Study period was about one year i.e. from November 2016 to October 2017. Blood sample was collected for hemoglobin estimation. Hemoglobin estimation was done by Sahli’s hemoglobinometer. Hb criteria were taken according to WHO standard.Results: The overall prevalence of anemia was 55.1 % for both males and females. 64.7% of the females and 32.5 % of the males were anemic. The proportion of mild anemia was 55.6% (53.9% in females and 68.1% in males), moderate anemia was 33% (35.2% in females and 25% in males) and severe anemia was 11.2% (10.7% in females and 6.8% in males).Conclusions: Anaemia was significantly higher in females in comparison to males in moderate and severe category. There is need to develop strategies for intensive adult education, nutrition education and dietary supplementation and anemia prophylaxis.
La zonificación arqueológica en la cuenca del río Santa Lucia, Uruguay, como herramienta de gestión territorial: sinergias y conflictos en el desarrollo sustentable
Authors: Beovide Laura
Published: August 2018

Os estudos arqueológicos pré-históricos com foco na região têm como resultado uma fonte de dados analíticos relevantes para a definição de padrões de assentamento em diferentes escalas espaciais e temporais. Quanto à gestão integral do património arqueológico, isso pretende ser uma contribuição fundamental para a construção de zonas arqueológicas com diferentes tipos de gestão orientadas à investigação, conservação e valorização. Apresenta-se a experiência adquirida com o uso de zoneamento arqueológico préhistórico para desenvolver estudos de impacto com a inclusão de grandes áreas de território e a sua utilização no plano de ordenamento territorial para a bacia do Rio Santa Lúcia, no Uruguai. São analisados também as sinergias e os conflitos na aspiração do desenvolvimento sustentável.
Arqueometria na bacia hidrográfica do rio Forqueta/RS: um estudo sobre a cerâmica pré-colonial Guarani
Authors: Machado Neli Galarce , Da Rosa Lauren Waiss , Wolf Sidnei , Hohne Lucélia , Ethu Eduardo Miranda , Watanabe Shigueo , Gennari Roseli
Published: August 2018

As análises físico-químicas elucidam aspectos importantes no entendimento da complexidade de ocupações pré-coloniais. Objetivase analisar a pasta cerâmica de fragmentos de vasilhas provenientes de dois sítios arqueológicos localizados na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Forqueta/RS. Por meio da Espectrometria de Massas com Fonte de Plasma Indutivo (ICP-MS) foram obtidos os resultados da composição química das pastas. As análises multivariadas se deram através do programa Bioestat®. Percebe-se que entre a tipologia física das vasilhas, a diferença da composição química é sutil. É possível considerar que a matéria-prima para a confecção das peças de ambos os sítios provêm de locais com as mesmas características sedimentares.
Rumo à periferia global: os sentidos produzidos por sujeitos brasileiros ao migrarem para países periféricos
Authors: Ramos Thaís Valim
Published: August 2018

Este artigo, fundamentado na análise do discurso pecheutiana, busca analisar o discurso de brasileiros que imigraram para Angola e Nigéria a fim de apreender as relações que os sujeitos que migraram para países periféricos estabelecem com estes e com o Brasil. Sabendo que o Brasil se situa entre os periféricos, mas considerado em desenvolvimento, o brasileiro, quando estabelecido em outros países periféricos, assume uma postura de colonizador, desejando manter-se como estrangeiro neste lugar, podendo ser exaltado pelos locais como também podendo sofrer retaliações, restrições, ser estigmatizado por sua posição de estrangeiro. Esta postura assumida pelos brasileiros ocorre devido à impossibilidade de receber informações precisas para interpretar os novos dizeres, baseando, assim, sua interpretação na memória discursiva que os constitui.
As práticas alimentares dos colonizadores encontradas na marmita do mineiro
Authors: Ramos Rosana Rúbia Vieira
Published: August 2018

O presente estudo tem por objetivo central identificar os fatores históricos e culturais que contribuíram com formação do atual cardápio do mineiro de carvão da Região Carbonífera de Santa Catarina, além de evidenciar os fatores ambientais e climáticos que forçaram a modificação dos hábitos alimentares dos colonizadores. A pesquisa consiste de abordagem qualitativa, descritiva e exploratória. Ao longo do trabalho foram abordadas as características gastronômicas das etnias portuguesa, indígena, negra, alemã e italiana, a fim de pontuar as contribuições culturais deixadas pelas mesmas. Além disso, foram entrevistados 25 mineiros para levantar os hábitos alimentares desses personagens procurando identificar elementos que se assemelhem às herdadas pelos povos que formaram a referida região.
O vale do rio Jauru, MT: o estudo de uma fronteira cultural
Authors: Pestana Marlon Borges , Schmitz Pedro Ignácio , Rogge Jairo Henrique
Published: August 2018

Este artigo discute algumas interpretações obtidas através das atividades de resgate arqueológico no reservatório da PCH Figueirópolis instalada no município de Indiavaí, Estado do Mato Grosso, no período de setembro a dezembro de 2008. Entre os resultados estão a descoberta de 34 sítios arqueológicos, sendo destes 25 escavados parcialmente. Os novos dados sobre a Arqueologia do oeste brasileiro e oriente boliviano, em especifico com relação à tradição Uru e à tradição Descalvado serviu de base a tese de doutorado, cuja qual este artigo é um breve resumo.
Development of SWAT-Paddy for Simulating Lowland Paddy Fields
Authors: Tsuchiya Ryota , Kato Tasuku , Jeong Jaehak , Arnold Jeffrey G.
Published: August 2018

Recent increase in global consumption of rice led to increased demand for sustainable water management in paddy cultivation. In this study, we propose an enhanced paddy simulation module in the SWAT model to evaluate sustainability of paddy cultivation. Enhancements added to SWAT are: 1) to modify water balance calculation for impounded fields, 2) to add an irrigation management option for paddy fields, which is characterized by flood irrigation with target water depth, and 3) to add puddling operation that influences water quality and infiltration rate of top soil layer. In a case study, the enhanced model, entitled SWAT-Paddy, was applied to an agricultural watershed in Japan. Results showed that the SWAT-Paddy successfully represents paddy cultivation, water management, and discharge processes. Simulated daily discharge rates with SWAT-PADDY (R2=0.8) were superior to SWAT2012 result (R2=0.002). SWAT-Paddy allows simulating paddy management processes realistically and thus, can enhance model accuracy in paddy-dominant agricultural watersheds.
CONTINUITY AND MOTION (NAVIER-STOKES) EQUATIONS
Authors: Provorov Dmitriy
Published: August 2018

The paper is considering of the basic differential equations of hydrodynamics: the equation of continuity and motion. On the simplest example, it is shown that the equation of continuity in a system with the equation of motion leads to contradictions and erroneous results of modeling. A more correct form of the continuity equation is described. It is shown that the equations of motion can be written in the form of complete differentials. Three possible integral forms of the equations of motion are presented. As a conclusion, the existence and smoothness of the solution of the Navier-Stokes equations are considered.
CCR6-CCL20 Axis in IBD: What have we learnt in the past 20 years?
Authors: Ranasinghe Ranmali , Eri Rajaraman
Published: August 2018

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a CC chemokine receptor 6 (CCR6) - associated immune mediated disorder which has attracted an extensive superfluity of experimental analyses. IBD has come to the fore of varied scrutinizing owing to its complexity by nature for comprising of two synergistic sub phenotypes; Crohn’s disease (CD) and Ulcerative colitis (UC). Both these disease entities cause potent immune dysregulation followed by intense tissue damage within the gut mucosal system, initiating symptoms which are severely debilitating. Multiple causative factors are said to be responsible for IBD but direct immune dysfunction is kindled by overplay of innate and adaptive immune responses produced against a pathogenic microbial attack through the weakened or leaky gut epithelial barrier. Once immune homeostasis is not achieved by tolerating agents, the self-assertive adaptive immunity mobilize its various T and B cell cohorts initializing their allied immune mechanisms by vigorously deploying them towards the site of infection. CCR6 and its unique solitary ligand CC-chemokine ligand 20 (CCL20) are small protein molecules which are abundantly expressed by T and B lymphocytes and act as chemotactic immune-modulatory envoys that help in the deployment of the effector lymphocyte arm of the immune system, producing two directly opposing outcomes in IBD. This dichotomous immunity consists of either immune tolerance or inflammation which then develops into a chronic state, remaining catatonic to inherent immunity or targeted clinical therapy. In this review, we have chronologically identified a plethora of experimental studies radiating into 14 different compartments highlighted in the visual depiction which have employed both mouse models and clinical subjects spanning a period of nearly two decades. In doing so, we expect the research community would further benefit by tracing through the history, thereby understanding the CCR6 –CCL20 axis in IBD and identifying the gaps in literature which can be fortuitously filled in the future.
The Empirical Test on the Impact of Climate Volatility on Tourism Demand: A Case of Japanese tourist visiting Korea
Authors: Hwang Yun Seop , Kim Hyung Sik , Yu Cheon
Published: August 2018

As climate is not only a valuable tourism resource but also a factor influencing travel experience, estimating climate change can provide implications to sustainable development of the tourism industry. This study develops Climate Volatility Index (CVI) using GARCH model and estimates the relationship between CVI and Japanese tourism demand for Korea using a tourism demand model, based on data from January 2000 to December 2013. Time lag is applied based on a decision making process regarding travel destinations. The result shows that an increase in volatility of climate change leads to a decrease in tourism demand.
The Effects of Ph and Chelating Agent on Characterization of Ni Mo/ᵞ- Alumina Heavy Oil Hydrodesulphurization Nanocatalyst
Authors: Sheibani Soheila , Zare Karim , Shahidian Zahra
Published: August 2018

Abstract: This study reports the synthesis of mixed oxides of Mo, and Ni nanostructures on ᵞ- Alumina as support, by utilizing ammonium hepta molybdate(AHM), nickel nitrate, as precursors, and organic additives such as citric acid, ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA), and urea were used as chelating agent and different pH, in order to investigate the effects of additive structure and pH variation on chemical and physical properties, morphology, size of nanocatalyst and interaction of active metals with support. Also, this study evaluated the activity of catalysts and compare with commercial catalyst. The metal oxide nanoparticles were prepared and impregnated using wetness impregnation method on ᵞ- Alumina in-situ. The supported nanocatalyst was calcined to remove the volatile material and gases. The nanocatalyst prepared using organic additive,EDTA as surfactant showed enhanced catalytic activity for the oil residue hydrodesulphurization which contained 21000 ppm sulfur. The sulfur content of the feed was reduced to 3000 ppm at 380°C and LHSV 1.5h-1 showing a good catalytic activity
FTIR Spectroscopy of the Regulated Asbestos Amphiboles
Authors: Della Ventura Giancarlo , Vigliaturo Ruggero , Gieré Reto , Pollastri Simone , Gualtieri Alessandro F. , Iezzi Gianluca
Published: August 2018

Vibrational spectroscopies (FTIR, Raman) are exceptionally valuable tools for the identification and crystal-chemical study of fibrous minerals, and asbestos amphiboles in particular. Raman spectroscopy has been widely applied in toxicological studies and thus a large corpus of reference data on regulated species is found in the literature. However, FTIR spectroscopy has been mostly used in crystal-chemical studies and very few data are found on asbestos amphiboles. This paper is intended to fill this gap; we report new FTIR data collected on a suite of well-characterized samples of the five regulated amphibole species: anthophyllite, amosite and crocidolite, provided by the Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) Organization, and tremolite and actinolite, from two well-known occurrences. The data from these reference samples have been augmented by results from additional specimens to clarify some aspects of their spectroscopic features. We show that the FTIR spectra in both the OH-stretching region and in the lattice modes region can be effective for rapid identification of the asbestos type.
Effect of Energy Balance Evaluation on Conceptual Design of Electric and Hybrid Aircraft
Authors: Rohacs Jozsef , Rohacs Daniel
Published: August 2018

Nowadays, all the stakeholders, policy makers, regulators, aircraft designers, producers, operators, etc.) are intensively working on development of the aircraft with full electric and hybrid propulsion systems. However, the technical, technological constrains (like limit on accumulator energy density) require introducing a new approach to conceptual design of such aircraft. The new methods is based on energy and mass balance evaluation. This paper analyses the identified constrains; integrates the energy and mass balance equations into the preliminary definition and calculations of the aircraft performance. By this way, the technological constrains might be transferred into the limitation on the aircraft energy and mass breakdown, that initiates a new approach to aircraft conceptual design uses the knowledge based multidisciplinary optimization. The paper describes the developed methodology for conceptual design of aircraft. It show results of implementing this new development philosophy to conceptual design of a four-seat small electric/hybrid aircraft and a special hybrid cargo UAV. The discussion of the results including got by using the emerging and enabling new technologies and new methods and solutions (including for example distributed propulsion system, unconventional forms, morphing, biomimics, etc.), demonstrates the possible implementation of the new development philosophy, new approach to aircraft conceptual design.
Pengaruh media pembelajaran dan minat belajar siswa terhadap penguasaan konsep ilmu pengetahuan alam (eksperimenpada smp negeri di kecamatan duren sawit)
Authors: Setyastuti Siwi
Published: August 2018

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui (1) Pengaruh media pembelajaran terhadap penguasaan konsep IPAsiswa SMPN di Kecamatan Duren Sawit, (2) Pengaruh minat belajar siswa terhadap penguasaan konsep IPAsiswa SMPN di Kecamatan Duren Sawit, (3) Pengaruh  interaktif media pembelajaran dan minat belajar siswa terhadap  terhadap penguasaan konsep IPA siswa SMPN di Kecamatan Duren Sawit. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimen. Sampel sebanyak 96 siswa yang berasal dari siswa kelas VII SMPN di Kecamatan Duren Sawit. Pengumpulan data dilaksanakan dengan tes tulis dan angket. Pengujian hipotesis menggunakan  ANOVA Dua Arah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: (1) Terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan media pembelajaran terhadap penguasaan konsep IPA pada SMP Negeri di Kecamatan Duren Sawit Jakarta Timur yang dibuktikan dengan nilai Sig. 0,000 < 0,05 dan F hitung = 73,352. (2) Terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan minat belajar terhadap penguasaan konsep IPA pada SMP Negeri di Kecamatan Duren Sawit Jakarta Timur, yang dibuktikan  dengan nilai Sig. 0,004 < 0,05 dan F hitung = 8,980. (3) Terdapat pengaruh  interaktif yang tidak signifikan media pembelajaran dan minat belajar siswa terhadap penguasaan konsep IPA pada SMP Negeri di Kecamatan Duren Sawit Jakarta Timur yang dibuktikan dengan nilai Sig. 0,476 > 0,05 dan F hitung = 0,512. Saran dari hasil penelitian ini adalah media pembelajaran Flip Book dapat digunakan guru untuk kegiatan pembelajaran sehari-hari sehingga dapat meningkatkan kompetensi guru.
Retos y oportunidades en la educación lingüística y tecnológica desde tres centros en Cataluña
Authors: Vazquez-Calvo Boris , Martinez-Ortega Francisco Javier , Cassany Daniel
Published: August 2018

Interesados en la transformación de la educación propiciada por las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC), analizamos la literacidad digital y el aprendizaje de lenguas en tres centros escolares con una trayectoria considerable de incorporación de TIC. Desde una perspectiva etnográfica, el estudio explora cómo la tecnología permea estos centros y su impacto en las aulas de lenguas (Catalán, Español e Inglés). Con un trabajo de campo de 36 meses (entre 2013 y 2016), realizamos observaciones de aula (79h 30’) en asignaturas de lengua, entrevistamos a 8 docentes y 19 alumnos. También recopilamos 17 videos de actividades de escritura de los alumnos (17h 43’), interacciones profesor-alumno (26h 38’ de grabación de audio), 130 fotografías de actividad en aula y 20 productos finales de proyectos realizados por alumnos (que representan 775 pág. y 87.132 palabras). Estos datos nos permiten identificar retos prioritarios y sus respectivas oportunidades para la educación lingüística digital en cuatro ejes en la forma de retos: a) técnico, b) de los materiales de enseñanza, c) lingüístico y d) pedagógico. Combinando diferentes perspectivas teóricas convergentes con los Nuevos Estudios de Literacidad, apoyamos cada reto en datos empíricos, para sugerir oportunidades de cara a la mejora educativa.
Critical Period of Weed Control in Snap Bean on Organic Soils in South Florida
Authors: Odero Dennis C. , Wright Alan L.
Published: August 2018

Field studies were conducted in 2011 and 2012 in Belle Glade, FL, to evaluate the critical period of weed control (CPWC) in snap bean grown on organic soils in the Everglades Agricultural Area (EAA) of South Florida. Treatments consisting of increasing duration of weed interference and weed-free period were imposed at weekly intervals from 0 to 7 weeks after emergence (WAE) of snap bean. The beginning and end of the CPWC based on 2.5%, 5%, and 10% snap bean acceptable yield loss (AYL) levels were determined by fitting log-logistic and Gompertz models to represent increasing duration of weed interference and weed-free period, respectively. Based on 2.5% yield loss, the CPWC was 7.2 weeks long, beginning 1.2 (cotyledon and unifoliate leaf) and ending 8.4 WAE (mid-pod set, 50% of pods reached maximum length). At 5% yield loss, the CPWC was 5.0 weeks, beginning 1.7 (first to second trifoliate leaf) and ending 6.7 WAE (mid-flower to early pod set, 50% of flowers open and one pod reached maximum length). At 10% yield loss, the CPWC was 3.0 weeks, beginning 2.2 (second trifoliate leaf) and ending 5.2 WAE (early flowering, one open flower). Based on these results, the beginning of CPWC was hastened, whereas the end was delayed at different yield loss levels showing that acceptable weed control in snap bean on organic soils in the EAA is required throughout much of the growing season to minimize yield loss.
Ripening Recovery and Sensory Quality of Pink Tomatoes Stored in Controlled Atmosphere at Chilling or Nonchilling Temperatures to Extend Shelf Life
Authors: Deltsidis Angelos I. , Sims Charles A. , Brecht Jeffrey K.
Published: August 2018

Harvesting before ripening initiation (i.e., mature green) may negatively affect the flavor of fresh tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) even though the ripening process off the vine is physiologically the same as that on the plant. Low temperature storage at or below the putative chilling injury (CI) threshold can also have detrimental effects on fresh tomato flavor regardless of the developmental stage of the fruit at harvest, but sensitivity to CI declines with ripening. Controlled atmospheres (CA) using reduced oxygen and elevated carbon dioxide partial pressures can extend the shelf life (SL) of tomatoes while possibly minimizing the negative effects of low temperatures. In this study, we explored the possibility that a combination of temperature and CA could be used to achieve similar SL for pink-harvested tomatoes as has been found in other studies with green-harvested fruit while avoiding the negative effects of CI on sensory quality. Consumer panels were given samples of pink-harvested tomatoes after they had reached the red ripeness stage in terms of surface hue following storage for 7 days in air or CA at 7.5, 15, or 20 °C followed by 2–7 days ripening in air at 20 °C. Exposing pink tomatoes to 7.5 °C before ripening to the full-red stage at 20 °C negatively affected fruit sensory quality, holding fruit constantly at 20 °C until they reached the full-red stage resulted in better quality for one taste panel, whereas there was no difference in another taste panel. The time to reach the full-red stage was extended by CA. Sensory quality of air- and CA-stored fruit was similar at the nonchilling temperatures of 15 and 20 °C. Pink stage tomato fruit stored in CA at 7.5 °C for 7 days did not attain full red color within the subsequent 7 days in air at 20 °C.
Initial Substrate Moisture Content and Storage Temperature Affect Chemical Properties of Bagged Substrates Containing Poultry Litter Fertilizer
Authors: Altland James E. , Jeong Ka Yeon
Published: August 2018

Bagged potting mixes can be stored for weeks or months before being used by consumers. Some bagged potting mixes are amended with organic fertilizers such as poultry litter (PL), although there is little knowledge about how these and other organic fertilizers release in the substrate while in storage. The objective of this research was to determine nutrient availability from an organic PL fertilizer in a bagged potting substrate stored at different temperatures and with varying initial moisture content (IMC). The base substrate composed of 60 sphagnum peat : 30 bark : 10 perlite (by vol.) amended with 5.5 g·L−1 dolomitic limestone and 0.5 g·L−1 granular wetting agent. This base substrate was either not amended with additional fertilizer [nonfertilized control (NFC)] or amended with a PL fertilizer (microSTART60, 3N–0.9P–2.5K) in its original pelletized form (PL-P) or ground (PL-G), or an uncoated prill fertilizer (UPF, 15N–6.5P–12.5K). Substrates had IMCs of 25%, 45%, or 65% (by weight) and were stored at either 20 or 40 °C. The UPF treatment resulted in lower pH, higher electrical conductivity (EC), and higher percent recovered nitrogen (N) compared with other treatments, as was expected with a readily soluble fertilizer. Poultry litter particle size had no effect on any of the measured chemical properties of the stored substrates. Both PL fertilizer treatments resulted in pH similar to or lower than the NFC. The two PL fertilizers had higher EC throughout the experiment (1.59–2.76 mS·cm−1) than NFC (0.13–0.35 mS·cm−1). Poultry litter fertilizer provided a stable source of N in bagged potting mix over a range of IMC and storage temperatures, with little change in total N released over time.
Analysis of Economic and Social Costs of Growing Petunia ×hybrida in a Greenhouse Production System Using Alternative Containers
Authors: Brumfield Robin G. , Kenny Laura B. , DeVincentis Alyssa J. , Koeser Andrew K. , Verlinden Sven , Both A.J. , Bi Guihong , Lovell Sarah T. , Stewart J. Ryan
Published: August 2018

Greenhouse growers find themselves under increasing pressure to respond to consumer preferences to use environmentally sustainable practices and materials while maintaining profitable operations. These consumer preferences reflect a mounting awareness of the environmental issues, such as climate change and their associated social costs. Ideally, sustainable horticultural production accounts for both traditional economic considerations and such social costs, some of which can be explained through the calculation of global warming potential (GWP). An obvious candidate for a sustainable intervention is the traditional plastic pot, which growers can replace with alternative biocontainers with varying degrees of GWP. This study calculates the variability of direct costs of production using alternative containers to offer a comparison of social and economic costs. We evaluated these direct costs of producing petunia (Petunia ×hybrida) grown in pots made of traditional plastic, bioplastic, coir, manure, peat, bioplastic sleeve, slotted rice hull, solid rice hull, straw, wood fiber, and recycled reground plastic containers used in a previous assessment of GWP. Our analysis of the costs when using a traditional plastic pot showed that the highest contributors to GWP were different from the highest contributors to direct costs, revealing that the price does not reflect the environmental impact of several inputs. Electricity, the plastic shuttle tray, and the plastic pot contributed most to GWP, whereas labor, the plastic container, and paclobutrozol growth regulator contributed most to direct cost of production (COP). At 64% of total cost, labor was the most expensive input. Watering by hand added another $0.37–$0.54 per plant in labor. When we analyzed input costs of each alternative container separately, container type had the largest impact on total direct costs. Before adding container costs, the direct COP ranged from $0.56 to $0.61 per plant. After adding containers, costs ranged from $0.61 to $0.97 per plant. Wood fiber pots were the most expensive and recycled reground plastic pots were the least expensive in this study. Based on our assessment and the observed small variation in GWP between alternative containers, growers would benefit from selecting a container based on price and consumer demand. Some social costs that we are not aware of yet may be associated with some or all biocontainers.
Comparison of Chemical Blossom Thinners Using ‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘Gala’ Pollen Tube Growth Models as Timing Aids
Authors: Kon Thomas M. , Schupp James R. , Yoder Keith S. , Combs Leon D. , Schupp Melanie A.
Published: August 2018

Reducing apple crop load during bloom can increase fruit size and promote annual bearing when compared with crop reduction at later timings. In this study, we compared the efficacy of chemical blossom-thinning strategies on ‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘Gala’ apple trees. Several blossom-thinning treatments were evaluated, including 1) unthinned control (control), 2) hand-thinned (HT) at bloom, 3) liquid lime sulfur + Stylet-Oil (LS + SO), 4) ammonium thiosulfate (ATS), 5) endothall (ET), and 6) naphthaleneacetamide (NAD). Chemical treatments were applied twice during bloom, using a predictive model to determine application timings. Blossom thinner effects on pollen tube growth, fruit set, and yield responses were evaluated. LS + SO and ATS reduced the number of pollen tubes that entered the style for ‘Golden Delicious’ by 75% and 63%, respectively. ET and NAD did not affect the number of pollen tubes that entered the style. In one of 2 years, LS + SO resulted in a near-ideal crop load and increased fruit weight. ATS was effective in reducing initial fruit set in ‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘Gala’, but did not reduce whole-tree crop density. ET reduced crop load in all experiments but caused excessive spur leaf injury and negatively affected fruit size of ‘Gala’ but not ‘Golden Delicious’. NAD had limited efficacy on ‘Golden Delicious’ at the concentrations and application timings used in this trial. When used as the sole method of crop load management, none of the chemistries evaluated over-thinned or increased fruit injury. However, ET caused excessive thinning when evaluated as part of a commercial crop load management program on ‘Gala’. Of the products evaluated, LS + SO provided the best overall thinning response.
Effects of Salt Stress on Growth and Inorganic Ion Distribution in Narcissus tazetta L. var. chinensis Roem. Seedlings
Authors: Bian Ana , Pan Dongming
Published: August 2018

Narcissus tazetta L. var. chinensis Roem. seedlings were subjected to substrate salinity and salt spray during greenhouse cultivation. The results demonstrated that N. tazetta L. seedlings treated with substrate salinity and salt spray exhibited slower growth rates than the control group. The sedimentation of Na+ and Cl− was primarily observed in the leaf apex, which was consistent with the location of lesions induced by salt stress. Under the two methods of salt stress, the mass fraction of ash in the leaf was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The sedimentation of Na+ and Cl− was mostly distributed in young leaves in the salt spray treatment, whereas the sedimentation was mostly distributed in old leaves under substrate salinity. There was a significant positive correlation between contents of Na+ and Cl− under the two methods of salt stress (P < 0.01). Not only the mass concentrations of Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, and Cl− in the seedlings exhibited variation, but also the distribution of mineral elements in the seedlings changed after both salt stress treatments. Moreover, the ratio of K+/Na+ under salt spray was greater than that under substrate salinity at the 300 mm NaCl treatment level. These results show that ion toxicity in N. tazetta L. seedlings was more serious under substrate salinity than under salt spray.
Stem Carbohydrates and Adventitious Root Formation of Cycas micronesica following Aulacaspis yasumatsui Infestation
Authors: Marler Thomas E.
Published: August 2018

Large stem cuttings were removed from Cycas micronesica K.D. Hill trees and used for asexual propagation to more fully understand resource factors that influence adventitious root formation success. Healthy source trees had received insecticide protection from ubiquitous Aulacaspsis yasumatsui Takagi infestations and unhealthy source trees had suffered from chronic A. yasumatsui infestations. Nonstructural carbohydrates were quantified from stem tissues at the base of each 1-m cutting, and induction of adventitious roots was attempted using field soil as the medium. Carbohydrate concentrations were increased in healthy, protected tree cuttings above those in unhealthy, infested tree cuttings. The relative increase was greatest in the hexoses, intermediate in sucrose, and least in starch. The total nonstructural carbohydrate concentration in cuttings of infested trees was 54% of that of protected trees, and the sugar/starch quotient of infested trees exceeded that of protected trees. Asexual propagation success was 30% for the unhealthy tree cuttings and 100% for the healthy tree cuttings. These manipulative experiments confirm that chronic A. yasumatsui herbivory of C. micronesica trees reduces stem carbohydrates and decreases asexual propagation success. The results indicate that the use of large cuttings from unhealthy C. micronesica trees to rescue tree populations from construction sites is not a wise conservation decision in habitats where A. yasumatsui herbivory has been uncontrolled. Protocols for future rescue operations designed to transplant C. micronesica trees from construction sites may be improved by this new knowledge.
Mechanical Hedge Pruning Affects Nut Size, Nut Quality, Wind Damage, and Stem Water Potential of Pecan in Humid Conditions
Authors: Wells Lenny
Published: August 2018

Recent extensive pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] plantings coincided with a shift toward the planting of pecan trees at higher density by Georgia pecan producers in anticipation of maintaining these densities through hedge pruning. Initial studies of mechanical hedge pruning in the low-light environment of the southeastern United States have failed to show significant benefits to pecan production. The objectives of this study were to compare the effects of hedge pruning on pecan nut quality, yield, and midday stem water potential (ψ) of pecan trees in the temperate climate of the southeastern United States and to evaluate the effect of hedge pruning on windstorm damage to pecan trees. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three blocks. Two treatments were evaluated; 1) Hedge-pruned; 2) Nonhedge-pruned (control). Midday stem ψ was 8.5%, 17.6%, and 16.6% higher (P ≤ 0.05), indicating less water stress, on hedged trees than on nonhedged trees during 2015, 2016, and 2017, respectively. Nut weight and percent kernel were increased (P ≤ 0.05) by hedge pruning 2 of 3 years of the study. Although no direct positive effect of hedge pruning on in-shell nut yield was observed, hedge pruning was not detrimental to pecan yield in the short term. Hurricane/Tropical Storm Irma brought damaging winds to the entire pecan-producing region of Georgia on 11 Sept. 2017, resulting in blown down trees, broken branches, and immature nuts blown from the trees. Hedged trees had 60% less wind damage in the form of major limb breakage and tree loss than did nonhedged trees.
Maden Kaynaklı Trafik Emisyonlarının Dağılımlarının Modellenmesi: Artvin Örneği
Authors: DEMİRARSLAN Kazım Onur , ÇETİN DOĞRUPARMAK Şenay
Published: August 2018

Madencilik; yer kabuğunda bulunan cevher, endüstriyel
hammadde, kömür ve petrol gibi ekonomik değeri olan herhangi bir maddeyi
yeryüzüne çıkarma ve gerekli hammaddeyi sağlama işi olarak
tanımlanabilmektedir. Günümüzde gelişen teknoloji ve artan enerji ihtiyaçlarını
karşılamak amacıyla maden sektörüne olan ilgi artmıştır. Ancak madencilik
faaliyetlerinde ciddi bir çevre yönetim sistemi uygulanmadığı için, bu
faaliyetlerin önemli zararlı etkileri olmaktadır. Bu etkilerden bir tanesi de
çıkarılan hammaddenin taşınması sırasında taşıtlardan kaynaklanan emisyonların
oluşturduğu hava kirliliğidir. Bu çalışmada Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi’nin Artvin
İli Cerattepe Mevkii’nde kurulan bakır madeni cevherinin çıkarıldığı noktadan
işletme alanına taşınana kadar sebep olduğu trafik kaynaklı CO, NOx
ve PM10 emisyonları incelenmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında, belirtilen
yol güzergahı 5 bölgeye ayrılmış ve her bir bölgedeki maden açılmadan önceki ve
açıldıktan sonraki trafik kaynaklı emisyonlar CALROADS 4.0 programı içerisinde
bulunan CAL3QHCR modülü yardımıyla modellenmiş, kirlilik dağılım haritaları
oluşturulmuştur. Emisyonlar CORINAIR’in işlem temelli emisyon
faktörleri kullanılarak hesaplanmıştır. Modelleme çalışması sonucu elde edilen verilerin
değerlendirilebilmesi amacıyla konsantrasyon artış yüzdeleri hesaplanmış ayrıca
her üç kirletici için sonuçlar iki yönlü ANOVA testi ile incelenmiştir. ANOVA testinin sonuçları, %95
güvenilirlikle, maden sonrası oluşacak trafiğin kirlilik etkisi üzerinde
olumsuz bir etkiye sahip olduğunu göstermektedir.
Application of horizontal flow constructed wetland and solar driven disinfection technologies for wastewater treatment in India
Authors: Mishra Virendra Kumar , Otter Philipp , Shukla Reetika , Goldmaier Alexander , Alvarez J. A. , Khalil Nadeem , Avila Cristina , Arias Carlos , Ameršek Iztok
Published: August 2018

The present study was conducted to treat primary and secondary treated sewage for its reuse in irrigation, soil enrichment and aquaculture activities. The study involves treatment of this sewage through a subsurface horizontal gravity-fed gravel filter bed with an area of 35 m2. The effluent was then subjected to filtration by zeolite medium and disinfection by inline electrolytic production of chlorine. In order to provide pathogen-free water, an anodic oxidation (AO) disinfection system was implemented, treating a flow of up to 10 m3/d. The gravity-driven constructed wetland and solar-driven disinfection systems were evaluated for their treatment capacity for various physico-chemical and biological parameters. The wetland removed almost 84% of the nitrate (NO3−) and 77% of the phosphate (PO43−). Five-day biological oxygen demand was reduced from 48 mg/l to 10 mg/l from the secondary treated wastewater. The wetland was able to remove 65–70% of bacteria in the wastewater, whereas the AO disinfection system removed the bacterial content to below the detection limit. The implementation of the systems will provide a suitable option for the treatment of wastewater in a very economical and sustainable way.