bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sunscreen Liquid Foundation Containing Naringi crenulata Powder
Authors: Kanlayavattanakul M. , Lourith N.
Published: June 2012

Powdered bark and stem of Naringi crenulata or thanaka, the traditional sunscreen cosmetics, were sun protection factor (SPF) analyzed. SPF of the bark powder (1.51 ± 0.31) was comparable to TiO2 (1.99 ± 0.09), whereas that of stem was lower (1.13 ± 0.04). The optimum liquid foundation formula contains N. crenulata bark powder (10% w/w), TiO2 (12% w/w) and natural SPF booster (Aloe vera powder, 2% w/w). This broad spectrum sunscreen (critical wavelength = 387.900 ± 0.000 nm) potentially protected UVB (SPF = 35.467 ± 0.136) and UVA (5th boots star). This porcelain natural liquid foundation determined by CIELAB system was stable under heating-cooling for 6 cycles and one month storage at 4, 25 and 45 °C, separately, with a consistence of pH and viscosity. Its UVA protection efficiency was maintained and SPF was not significantly reduced. This presenting new herbal sun protection liquid foundation is available for cosmetic industry and would be further developed to prolong its efficacy including preference test in the panelist.
Prediction Models for Moisture Sorption Isotherms of Soy Protein Isolate/Carboxymethyl Chitosan/Oleic Acid Blend Films
Authors: Rachtanapun Pornchai , Suriyatem R.
Published: June 2012

Soy protein isolate/carboxymethyl chitosan/oleic acid (SPI/CMCH/O) blend films were prepared by solution casting. The effect of various oleic acid content (0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, 20.0 pph of SPI and CMCH) on water sorption isotherm of SPI/CMCH base film was investigated. The sorption isotherm of SPI/CMCH/O blend films was evaluated at serveral relative humidity (0, 16, 35, 55 and 76% RH), at 25±1°C. The isotherms showed equilibrium moisture content (%EMC) of SPI/CMCH/O blend films decreased when oleic acid content increased. Understanding of sorption isotherms is an importance for prediction of moisture sorption properties of films via moisture sorption empirical models. Guggenheim-Anderson-de Boer (GAB), BrunauerEmmettTeller (BET) and Oswin sorption models were tested to fit the experimental data. The root mean squares (RMS) of GAB, BET and Oswin were in the range of 68.60-87.02, 22.86-79.38 and 694.78-3797.23, respectively. BET model was found to be the better-fitted model for SPI/CMCH/O blend films at 25±1°C.
Characterization of Eugenol Extracted from Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf) for Food Packaging Materials
Authors: Petchsoongsakul Natchanok , Pechyen Chiravoot
Published: June 2012

The goal of this research was to study a prospect of applying Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf) extracted having antioxidant property (i.e. eugenol) to replace commercial antioxidant agent such as butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) in packaging raw materials. The extracted eugenol was characterized using Gas chromatography (GC). A free radical scavenging activities of eugenol and BHT were also investigated using 2, 2-dipheny l-1-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. It reveals that a concentration of eugenol resulting in a 50% inhibition of the free radical, IC50, (0.11 mg/ml) is lower than the IC50 value of BHT (0.14 mg/ml) indicating better radical scavenging activity. In its radical form, DPPH shows an absorbance maximum at 515 nm which disappears upon reduction by an antiradical compound. BHT, a synthetic antioxidant, slowly reacts with DPPH reaching a steady state within 5 hr. The kinetic (R2) is estimated to be 0.9283 at 25 °C. Eugenol rapid reacts with DPPH reaching a steady state within 2 h. The kinetic (R2) is estimated to be 0.9946 at 25 °C, our results conrm that eugenol can we used instead of BHT.
Fatigue Behavior and Apatite Precipitation of Plasma-Sprayed HAp Coating on Commercially Pure Titanium Substrate in Simulated Body Fluid (SBF)
Authors: Loanapakul Teerawat , Nimkerdphol A. Rakngarm , Otsuka Yuichi , Mutoh Yoshiharu
Published: June 2012

Plasma sprayed Hydroxyapatite (HAp) coating on commercially pure titanium (cp-Ti) is widely used as implant materials. In this study, fatigue behavior of as-sprayed HAp top coat with HAp/Ti bond coat specimen under ambient environment (A-HTi) as well as under simulated body fluid, SBF, environment (I-HTi) at 36.5°C was investigated by four point bending fatigue test at a stress amplitude of 170 MPa under various frequencies. In order to investigate apatite precipitation during fatigue loading, the test specimen was immersed in SBF at 36.5°C during the fatigue test. For comparison, the test specimen was immersed in SBF at 36.5°C for a day to a week without fatigue loading and then the fatigue test of the immersed specimen was carried out under ambient environment (I-A-HTi). The fatigue loading would not influence the apatite precipitation in the HAp coating layer of the specimen. The fatigue lives of the I-HTi and I-A-HTi specimens were shorter compared to that of A-HTi specimen. The shorter fatigue lives of the I-HTi and I-A-HTi specimens would result from the attack of SBF on titanium substrate. However, the apatite precipitation in the coating layer up to one week immersion did not significantly influence the delamination between HAp top coat and cp-Ti substrate under the bending fatigue.
Biomass-Based Sulfonic-Functionalized Carbon Solid Acid for Esterification of Acetic Acid
Authors: Mar W.W. , Somsook E.
Published: June 2012

Sulfonic-functionalized carbon material derived from the incomplete carbonization of mungbean vermicelli was reported here as a catalyst for esterification of acetic acid. The catalyst with the highest activity (SBET= 18.1 m2/g and acid site density of 1.53 mmol H+/gcat) was obtained by carbonization at 573 K and sulfonation at 373 K due to a feasible attachment of more SO3H groups to flexible carbon sheets compared to the other synthesized solids. Approximate 64% yield of methyl acetate was achieved over (2:1) molar ratio of methanol to acetic acid with 3 wt% of catalyst. From the economic outlook, this environmentally benign C-SO3H catalyst could be a promising candidate for the esterification of high free fatty acid feedstocks reducing the production cost of biodiesel.
Characterization of Apatite from Human Teeth via XRD, FT-IR and TGA Techniques
Authors: Pankaew Piyapong , Hoonnivathana Ekachai , Sujinnapram Supphadate , Thamaphat Kheamrutai , Limsuwan Pichet , Naemchanthara Kittisakchai
Published: June 2012

Human teeth (HT) are natural composites which consist of nanohydroxyapatite (HAp) arranged in lamellae and bound to collagen. In present study, prepared HT powders with different ages were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and thermogravimetric anlysis (TGA) techniques. HT at age ranges of 1-10, 11-20, 21-30, 31-40, 41-50 and 51-60 years old were selected for tests. To prepare samples, human teeth were washed in boiling water for 1 h and left in 1 M KOH solution for 6 h to remove any organic material. After HT samples were cleaned with ultrasonic in ethanol, they were then finely grounded using agate mortar. The results from XRD indicate that the major diffraction peaks of all samples with different ages were very closely identified to that of stoichiometric HAp. All HT powders were found to be nanocrystalline structure. Furthermore, it was found that the decrease in HAp crystallinity seem to increase with higher age of 31-40 years old. To investigate chemical structure confirmed by FT-IR, All HT powders showed the band positions and function groups, which are similar to that of HAp. group found in chemical structure indicates the structure of carbonated apatite. TGA results were found that the increase of weight loss seem to increase with higher age.
Based on the Main Factor Mathematical Method to Study on the Structure and Performance of Automobile Engine Oil Filter Materials
Authors: Feng Jian Yong , Zhang Jian Chun , Zhang Hua , Yang Da Xiang
Published: June 2012

The main factor mathematical analysis is a method to reduce the many variables to a few variables and research the mutual relationship between them,so this paper is mainly put to use the main factor method to reduce the 18 index of internal structure performance,physical and mechanical performance and filtering performance of automobile engine oil filter materials to the four main important factors,which in turn is weight factor,filtering effect factor, permeability factor and pore factor.It can be used this four main factor to represent the characteristic of oil filter materials and reduce the repetition and trival of redundant index in the expression in the process of these eighteen factors,moreover,it will be more convenient and simple and provide a kind of thought and methods to research the property of automobile engine oil filter materials.
Research on the Issue of LED’s Cooling Based on Heat Conduction Equations
Authors: Huang Zhi Qin , Quan Pei Ying , Pan Yong Qing
Published: June 2012

With the rapid development of power type LED, the issue of the cooling of LED has been prominent. How to make the heat generated by LED chip go out quickly in order to cool the LED chip has become an urgent problem. The form of heat goes through the substrate has been widely used and has become the best way to solve the heat problem. There are three types of LED substrate. They are metal substrate, ceramic substrate and composite substrate. At first, In this paper I analyze the theoretical of three-dimensional non-steady state and steady state heat conduction equation, then the three-dimensional model is simplified as one-dimensional model and I get the results of heat conduction equation under the one-dimensional stationary and non-steady state.
Based on a Linear Regression Method to Study the Fiber Diameter of Car Engine Oil Filter Materials
Authors: Feng Jian Yong , Zhang Jian Chun , Zhang Hua , Yang Da Xiang
Published: June 2012

With regard to the car engine oil filter materials,it is necessary to possess a certain fiber diameter to achieve a preferable porosity and filtration effect.According to the investigation of commonly used oil filter materials in the market,this thesis is firstly selected ten kinds of various automobile oil filter material and then tested their fiber diameter,the main results have the maximum fiber diameter,the minimum fiber diameter and the average fiber diameter,however,the three results are not certain of the relationship.So through the linear regression method to discuss the quantitative mathematical relationship among them and to estabilish a theoretical calculation formula to compute them.
Working Principle and Performance of Wire Electrical Discharge Machining
Authors: Xu Cun Shan
Published: June 2012

Wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) is an advanced thermal machining process capable of accurately machining parts with complicated shapes, especially for the parts that are very difficult to be machined by traditional machining processes. WEDM process is based on the conventional EDM sparking phenomenon utilizing the widely accepted non-contact technique of material removal. Since the introduction of the process, WEDM has evolved from a simple means of making tools and dies to the best alternative of producing micro-scale parts with the highest degree of dimensional accuracy and surface finish quality. This author reviews the vast array of research work carried out from the EDM process to the development of the WEDM, also highlights the working principle and mechanical performance of machining conditions. A wide range of WEDM industrial applications are reported together with the development of the hybrid machining processes. The final part of the paper discusses these developments and outlines the possible trends for future WEDM research.
The Non-Equidistant New Information GRM(1,1) and its Application
Authors: Luo You Xin , Liao De Gang , Che Xiao Yi
Published: June 2012

For the problem of lower precision as well as lower adaptability in non-equidistant GM(1,1) model, applying the new information principle, modeling method of Grey system and accumulated generating operation of reciprocal number, a non-equidistant new information GRM(1,1) model generated by accumulated generating operation of reciprocal number was put forward which was taken the nth component as the initialization. Based on index characteristic of grey model and the definition of integral, the background value in non-equidistant GRM(1,1) was researched and the discrete function with non-homogeneous exponential law was used to fit the accumulated sequence and optimum formula was given. The formula of background value of new information GRM(1,1) model can be used in non-equal interval & equal interval time series and has the characteristic of high precision as well as high adaptability. Example validates the practicability and reliability of the proposed model.
Forward Displacement Analysis of 5SPS-1CCS Parallel Manipulator Based on Hyper-Chaotic Newton Method
Authors: Luo You Xin , Zeng Bin
Published: June 2012

Forward displacement analysis of parallel manipulators lead finally to solve the complex nonlinear equations, and its process is extremely difficult. The Newton iterative method is an important iterative technique for high-dimension nonlinear equations, but it is comparatively sensitive to initial value. To take chaos sequences as initial points of Newton iterative method, it can rapidly find all solutions of nonlinear equations. The novel approach of Newton iterative method based on parameter coupled hyper-chaotic mapping for solving nonlinear equations is presented. The mathematic model of the generalized 5SPS-1CCS parallel manipulator is created based on quaternion. A numerical example is given out, and its result is compared with the result of homotopy continuation method. The analysis results show that the new algorithm is simple, high efficiency, universal and can be used to forward displacement analysis of other coupled parallel manipulators.
Long Jump Technique Based on the Method of Mechanical Analysis
Authors: Sun Wei Min , Gao Bin , Zhang Wei Shou
Published: June 2012

It is the development characteristics of modern sports to use of modern science and technology such as computers and others. In a variety of sports science, the application of science and technology in modern sport based on the mechanical analysis play an important role in order to improve athletic performance and motor skills, as well as the optimization of sports equipment. Therefore, The analysis on mechanical optimal motion can provide the athletes the best sports attitude and sports skills, thereby improving athletes scientific training result.To provide scientific theoretical basis and promote the development of sports, this paper focused on the scientific mechanics analysis on long jump technique.
The Effect of Impurity Atoms on the Structural and Electronic Properties of Au3 Clusters
Authors: Li Dong Mei , Xiong Zhi Hua , Wan Qi Xin
Published: June 2012

With density functional theory, the structural and electronic properties of Au3 and Au2M (M=Ag, Cu, Pd and Pt) clusters have been studied. The structural results indicate that by substituting one Au atom with M atom, the corresponding geometries are changed slightly. To investigate the electronic properties, bonding properties and highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) were observed. It is found that most trends in Au2Pd and Au2Pt are similar and it also happens in the other two doped clusters. In addition, the calculated mulliken overlap populations suggest that doping modify the localized electron between Au and Au atom. It is also found that the contributions from various atoms on HOMO and energies of HOMO are changed. These may make difference in the adsorption of clusters.
The Pollution Caused by Building Materials and the Strategy to Control it
Authors: Han Lai
Published: June 2012

The current paper discusses the sources, formation and harm to the natural environment of human health of all kinds of pollution caused by the building materials in the building industry of our country. Besides, it analyses the relevant factors which cause the pollution of building materials. Finally, it proposes the way to make strategies and measures to handle the pollution caused by the building materials on the basis of the relevant regulations of Chinese building industry and the concrete national conditions.
Synthesis and Characterization of Ni/CNTs Electrodes and their Supercapacitors Performance
Authors: Liu Fu , Li Qian Qian , Zhang Si Han , Ma Cao , Ren Quan Zhuang , Tao Xin Yong , Cheng Ji Peng , Zhang Xiao Bin
Published: June 2012

The Ni/Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) composites for supercapacitor electrode have been synthesized by electroless deposition method. The morphology and structure of Ni/CNTs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The nano-size Ni particles coated the surface of carbon nanotubes. Electrochemical performances of the synthesized composites were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge/discharge measurement. The specific capacitance of prepared electrode is up to 281 F/g, which is much higher than acetylene black electrode and pure carbon nanotubes electrode, indicating an effective path for increasing specific capacitance of carbon materials for the appplication of supercapacitors.
Application of Composite Materials in Ball Sports Equipments
Authors: Huang Chang Wu
Published: June 2012

This paper summarizes the common categories of balls for leisure sports, and makes summative introduction and comment on the current situation of the most popular four kinds of ball sports equipments in China, proposes the performance index of the matrices of composite materials, expounds the trend of the material selection for ball sports equipments, and has a constructive and instructive significance to the further research on high-performance materials for balls.
Mathematical Model of Three-Phase Boost Converter
Authors: Zhang Zhong , Tong Wei Ming
Published: June 2012

Now the nonlinear control strategy used by a lot of power electronic converters is not dependent on the mathematical model of the system. They are only based on the error of control variables to control the output voltage or other variables, and this leads to the shortcomings of poor control and not easy to optimize. The fundamental reason is that they are not based on the mathematical model of converter topology structure. This paper presents a new way to build mathematical model. The paper established the unified mathematical model of the three-phase Boost converter topology structure by studied the three-phase Boost converter topology structure deeply and based on the law of conservation of energy and combined with small-signal modeling analysis method, and done the systematic analysis for it. The analysis method is also applicable to other converter topology, such as the buck, buck-boost, etc., and the model not only can be used in the controller design, can also provide a theoretical basis for the applications of a new nonlinear control strategy.
Comparison and Analysis of Different Standards for Determining Dust Resistivity
Authors: Jin Xin , Zhong Sheng Jun , Li Wei Ye
Published: June 2012

Accurate measurement of dust resistivity is important practically for electrostatic prevention and design of electrostatic precipitators. The test result of dust resistivity depends on the standard used. There are three standards widely used for determination of dust resistivity: IEC 1241-2-2, BS 5958-1 and ASME PTC28 4.05. Experimental devices are designed and constructed according to these standards. The schematics of test principles and circuits of different standards are introduced. Experimental results show that dust resistivity values determined by different standards are quite different, and in some cases the difference is even in 1~2 orders of magnitude. The test results according to IEC standard are the highest, while the results using ASME standard are the lowest. The methods given by IEC standard and BS standard are normally used in electrostatic prevention, while method given by ASME standard is applied to the design of electrostatic precipitators. It is necessary to choose the appropriate standard according to the application of dust resistivity.
New Instrument PFT for Powder Flow Researching
Authors: Ding Xiao Jiong , Liu Liu Li , Bradley Michael S.A.
Published: June 2012

Researching of Powder flow behavior is an important issue in many new material industries. But the familiar method used does not meet the requirement actually. This article introduced the PFT (Powder Flow Tester) from Brookfield Engineering Laboratories Inc. It complies with the ASTM D 6128. The basic function includes the measurement and calculation of Flow Function, Wall Friction, Bulk Density, Time Consolidation Test with Flow Function, Arching Dimension, Rat-hole Dimension, Hopper Half Angle etc.
Environmental Risk and Recoverable Potential Evaluation of Heavy Metals in the Sludge from the Industrial Wastewater in China
Authors: Bai Jian Feng , Zhang Cheng Long , Wang Jing Wei , Xu Jin Qiu , Zhou Yuan , Wu Wen Jie
Published: June 2012

During the treatment of wastewater from metal production and processing industries, a huge volume of sludge is generated. Sludge from the industrial effluent is usually abandoned or used in agriculture as fertilizer due to the presence of phosphorus, potassium and other inorganic elements, or landfilled. In our work, metals concentration in the sludge from different industries of multi-area, China, was determined and the recoverable potential was assessed. It indicated that the sludge from electroplating, PCB, leather treatment, metal smelter and stainless steel industries was restricted its use as a fertilizer because that the sludge had too high concentration of toxic heavy metals. Meanwhile, it was seen that Ag, Cu, Co, Ni, Pb, Zn contents in the sludge from some industries had exceeded the minimum standards of industrial smelting and had the value recycled. It is imperative and beneficial to find a low-cost, environmentally friendly recycling technology to recover the metals in sludge from industrial wastewater.
Effects of Quenching Heat Preserving Time on Structure and Properties of Boron-Containing High-Cr White Cast Iron
Authors: Zhang Cun Lai , Xin Qi Bin
Published: June 2012

Air drilling technology has been widely used in the oil and gas exploration, coal, geothermal, geological exploration, nuclear industry and other fields due to its high drilling rate and low cost. However, the design of the pneumatic conveying system for the mineral detritus is still largely based on empiricism. The paper was set in the background of gas drilling, mainly studied the gas-solids two-phase flow characteristics in 90 degree bent annular pipe and backward-facing step of an annular pipe, which are very important parts of air drilling. They refer to the bent part and backward-facing step of an annular channel formed by the drill pipe and the borehole wall. A detailed numerical simulation and experimental studies were carried out for the flow structure and pressure losses of gas-solid two-phase in the annular pipe of gas drilling. Since a unified theory has not been developed for the two-phase flow in annular pipe, a lot of experimental work should be conducted. In the experimental research, the paper independently designed and built an annular pipe pneumatic conveying system with 90 degree bend and backward-facing step, including designing material screw feeder, material receiving hopper, pipeline, control system, data acquisition system, and etc. As known, many parameters, such as gas velocity, diameter and density of the particle, and solids loading ratio, can influence the conveying process. How these primordial influence factors act on the pressure losses of two-phase flow in annular pipe was analyzed in this paper. In the numerical simulation research, turbulent two-phase flow calculations were performed with a commercial CFD computer code referred to as FLUENT to study the gas-solid two phase flow in the sections of backward-facing step and 90 degree bent pipe respectively by using Euler-Lagrange method. The RNG κ-ε model and stochastic tracking were involved in the calculation of turbulence dispersion of two phases. The discrete phase model was performed for the solid phase. In the end, the numerical study 3-D results were translated to 1-D results using the standard averaging transformation to compare with experimental results. Predicted results obtained for pressure drop and velocity variations in full developed flows in the cases examined are in good qualitative agreement and are not in quantitative agreement with experimental data. The deviations between the simulations and experimental data lie in the range of 20%-30%. These results suggest commercial CFD codes such as FLUENT can be used productively for investigations into gas-solid two-phase flow phenomena and as an aid in pneumatic conveying design. The studies of the two-phase flow characteristics in the paper will contribute to reliable determination of the optimal condition of pneumatic conveying in gas drilling.
Characteristics of Dry Ice Particles Produced by Expanding Liquid Carbon Dioxide and its Application for Surface Cleaning
Authors: Liu Yi Hung , Matsusaka Shuji
Published: June 2012

The characteristics of dry ice particles produced by expanding liquid carbon dioxide and its application for surface cleaning have been studied experimentally. The production of the dry ice particles was based on the Joule-Thomson effect. The ejected dry ice particles were observed using a high-speed microscope camera. Through digital image processing, the particle size and particle velocity in the jet were analyzed. To in-situ measure the size distribution of the dry ice particles, a laser diffraction method was used. The experimental results showed that the primary dry ice particles ejected from the expansion nozzle were about 1 μm in mass median diameter. The presence of a thermally insulated tube at the outlet of the nozzle enhanced the agglomeration of the particles, whereby agglomerates of about 100 μm in mass median diameter were formed. The performance of dry ice jet for removing fine particles adhering to surfaces was also evaluated using microscopic observation. It was found that the particle removal process consists of two stagesslow removal stage and rapid removal stagethat are related to the jet temperature.
A Combined Interpolation Method for Cross Correlation Based Particle Velocity Measurement
Authors: Yang Gang , Li Wei Dong , Wang Yu Tao , Li Ming Yu
Published: June 2012

Cross correlation techniques have been proved to be a valuable tool for online continuous velocity measurement of particulate solids in pneumatic pipelines. In order to reduce computational complexity the sampling frequency is usually kept as low as possible, and the peak in the correlation function is found by interpolating the correlation function. Parabola functions are commonly used as parametric models of the cross correlation function in time delay estimation. However, the parabolic-fit interpolation method introduces a bias at low sampling rate to the center frequency ratio of input signal. In this paper, a combined interpolation method is proposed to improve the estimation accuracy. Experiments are carried out to evaluate the performance of the proposed interpolation method for low sampling rate. The experimental results have been promising and have shown the potential of the proposed method for particle flow velocity measurements.
Image Reconstruction Based on Compressed Sensing with Split Bregman Algorithm and Fuzzy Bases
Authors: Cui Jian Jiang , Jia Xu , Liu Jing , Li Qi
Published: June 2012

When original data is not complete or image degenerates, image reconstruction and recovery will be very important. In order to acquire reconstruction or recovery image with good quality, compressed sensing provides the possibility of achieving, and an image reconstruction algorithm based on compressed sensing with split Bregman method and fuzzy bases sparse representation is proposed, split strategy is applied in split Bregman algorithm in order to accelerate convergence speed; At the same time, discrete cosine transform and dual orthogonal wavelet transform are treated as bases to represent image sparsely, and image is reconstructed by using split Bregman algorithm. Experiments show that the proposed algorithm can improve convergence speed and reconstruction image quality.
Optimum Design of an Internal 8-Electrode Electrical Capacitance Tomography Sensor Array
Authors: Lu De Cai , Shao Fu Qun , Cao Ying Xia
Published: June 2012

This paper introduced an optimum design method of sensor array suitable for electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) based on high AC excitation voltage. The sensor parameters of electrode span and length were optimized in turn, and a sensor model for testing was fabricated according to optimal objects. The image reconstruction experimental resultants of grain distribution indicated that high quality images could be reconstructed by the sensor model. This proved the optimal design method of ECT sensor given in this paper was feasible and the parameters were also credible.
Optimization Design of Capacitance Sensor with Helical Shaped Surface Plates
Authors: Wang Yu Tao , Yuan Jin Feng , Yang Gang , Qiao Yun Fen
Published: June 2012

Optimized capacitance sensor with helical shaped surface plates has an obvious advantage of smaller homogeneous error which helps to make the measurement result insensitive to phase distribution and flow changes. The angle of rotation is one of the most important structural parameters to the sensor optimization design. The effect of rotation angle of the helical surface plate to the performance of the sensor with different diameters was studied in this paper. Results showed that the best rotation angle of the helical surface plate was different for different sizes of sensor. 360 degree rotation angle is the best to obtain the smallest homogeneous error when the diameter is greater than 32mm, however, 180 degree is the best when the pipe diameter is less than 31mm, ,
Study on the Mechanical Performance of a Ni-Based Superalloy with Trace Rare Earth Element La Additions
Authors: Song Xiu , Wang Lei , Liu Yang , Ma Hui Ping
Published: June 2012

The microstructures and mechanical properties of the Ni-22Cr-14W-2Mo superalloys with various La contents have been investigated. The results indicate that the grain diameters of the alloys with different La additions are similar to that of the alloy without La. It has also been found that the Vickers Hardness of the alloys increases with the increasing of the La content form 0.000% to 0.087%. The tensile properties of the alloys can be improved by La additions, whereas the σ0.2 proof strength and the elongations of the alloys first increase and then decrease with the increasing of the La content form 0.000% to 0.087%. The alloy with 0.026% La shows the best tensile properties. This result ascribes to the different types of the La-riched phases and the different sizes of them. The La-Ni intermetallic phases with large size precipitating in the alloys have deleterious effects on the improvement of the mechanical properties, if the La content is too high.
Surface Properties Modification of Nanostructured ZnO Films
Authors: Chang Chi Jung , Hung Shao Tsu , Pan Che Wei
Published: June 2012

Nanostructured ZnO films are hydrophobic. The effects of oxygen plasma treatment on the wetting properties of the ZnO film surfaces were studied. The oxygen plasma treatment makes the nanostructured ZnO films superhydrophilic and helps to enhance the absorption of the dye molecules on the nanostructured film.
Effect of Iron Source and Temperature on Charge/Discharge Performance of LiFePO4
Authors: Liu Hong Quan , Hao Fei Xiang , Yao Feng Lin , Gu Yi Jie , Chen Yun Bo
Published: June 2012

LiFePO4 compound has been paid considerable attention as a promising positive electrode material. In this work, LiFePO4 compound was synthesized by the solid carbon thermal reduction reactions，where Fe2O3, Fe(OH)3 and FeSO4 is used as the iron resource respectively. All the synthesized products are pure phases except that using FeSO4 as the iron resource. The SEM images show porous morphologies, but different iron resource samples show different degree of pore ratio. According to the results of charge/discharge curves, capacity of the sample prepared by Fe(OH)3 as the iron resource shows superior to those of other samples. The result is attributed to more pores in the sample, which is benefit to electrolyte penetrating, short Li-ion diffusion distance.
Research and Design of Electric Fuel Pump Testing System
Authors: Ma Zhao Li , Zhang Zhen Dong
Published: June 2012

The electric gasoline pump is one of the most important components of vehicle fuel supply system. It acts a main role to reduce fuel consumption and harmful emissions. It is designed to draw the fuel which has enough pressure and flowrate through the fuel line to the system. According to the drawbacks of current performance testing method used in automobile electric fuel pump experiments, a new testing system based on single chip microprocessor was developed. The system can automatically accomplish the functions of data sampling, data processing, data storage, statistical analysis and dynamic display for fuel pump parameters and give out overall evaluation. Through actual testing, the results indicate that the system can effectively improve the precision, efficiency and stability of electric fuel pump test.
Conceptual Design of an Automatically Replacing and Charging System for Electric Vehicles
Authors: Chen Shu Ping , Cheng Fan Qiang , Liu Chen Gan , Zhang Qing Chun , Li Long
Published: June 2012

Electric vehicle is an important developing trend of the vehicle industry and the power and technique field. But nowadays, there still exist some problems in this field which cant be solved with mature solutions, such as long time of charging, high cost of replacing and charging station and large areas it covers, low efficiency and so on. By building an effective model, this paper brings up a conceptual design of an automatic system of replacing and charging batteries for electric vehicles with the late-model design of the multi-station device. By observing the effect of the experimental device, it can solve the problems mentioned above, but more should be done to improve it. This design, the demo system, mainly includes electric vehicle model system, replacing and charging station system and GPS navigation system, and it performs excellent in experiment.
The Effect of Lashing Wire Location on Mode Localization of Mistuned Bladed Disks
Authors: Wang Ai Lun , Huang Qiang
Published: June 2012

The finite element models of bladed disks with different lashing wire locations were established. The natural characteristics and mode shapes of bladed disks with different lashing wire locations were compared, and the effect of lashing wire location on the natural characteristics and mode localization of bladed disks were analyzed. These results show that different lashing wire locations could carry different natural frequencies to bladed disk, and there must be one lashing wire location with the highest frequencies. Lashing wire location has a significant influence on the mode localization of the mistuned bladed disks, and the mode localization of the bladed disks is less sensitive to mistuning when the lashing wire is in the middle of blades.
The Structure Design of the Mechanical Clamping Claw of the Automatic Arranging Drill Pipe System
Authors: Sha Yong Bai , Wan Xiao Peng , Zhao Xiao Ying
Published: June 2012

This paper presents the structure design, the working principle and the relevant calculation of the mechanical clamping claw of the land rigs automatic arranging drill pipe system. Applying the Generative Structural Analysis module of the CATIA, we can get the Von Mises stress image to show the stress distribution. The finite element analysis provides a simple effective method for the design of the structure of the mechanical clamping claw. Through this device the drill pipe can be transferred automatically and circularly from the rat hole to the pipe racking system and from pipe racking system to the mouth of the well.
Die-Face Compensation for Hot Bending of U-Shaped Part Based on RBF Neural Network
Authors: Zhang Yu , Wang Wei , An Zhi Guo
Published: June 2012

Aimed at the shrinkage and deformation of U-shape part in cooling process after hot forming, the RBF model is established to predict the deformation and direct the die modification. The main factors influencing deformation were set as the design variables and the sample data were obtained using Latin Hypercube Sampling. From the FEM simulation results based on these samples, the deformation was taken as the response.The forecasting value of RBF model is compared with that of FEM. The error is smaller than 1.78% and the RBF predicting model has enough precision. At last, the compensation of deformation on the die-face was made based on the displacement vector of node during the cooling process and the forecasting deformation by using RBF model. The results show that the dimension error of the U-shape part produced by the modified die is lower than 0.3% and the accuracy can meet the production requirement.
Driving Dynamic Analysis and Motion Control for Biped-Imitating Walking Mechanism
Authors: Wang Xiao Yi , Shi Hui Xing , Chen Fu Qiang , Qiu Zhi Zhen
Published: June 2012

According to the asymmetry characteristics of animal motion, a new walking mechanism called Biped-Imitating Walking Mechanism (BIWM) which can generate asymmetry motion was presented. Based on introducing the assembly relation and walking principle of BIWM, the driving torque of driving shaft was deduced by Lagrange Equation under three walking conditions:flat, upgrade, and downgrade walking. In addition, the peak of driving torque could be decreased to the minimum by optimizing motor speed, by which the power and size of motor coulde be further reduced. A case study by ADAMS software is finally given to verify the accuracy of theoretical derivation and optimization of motion control. The above research results would provide some helpful advices for BIWM application.
Application Key Technologies of Ferritic Stainless Steel for Traffic Sign Substrate Plate
Authors: Guo Dong Hua , Ma De Wen , Zhang Zhi Yong , Ma Xue Feng
Published: June 2012

This paper explains the economy and mechanical properties of the ferritic stainless steel used as the materials of the traffic sign substrate plate, analyzes the relationship between the density of the ferritic stainless steel and the thickness of the substrate plate, proposes a method to determine the quality of the welding, and describes the corrosion mechanism and processing performance of the ferritic stainless steel substrate plate while proposing the related improving ways. The results showed that: by reducing the thickness, ensuring the overall load, adopting the tempering control to reduce the contents of the C, N and other impurities, adding the alloy elements such as the Cr, Mo, Ti, Nb to lower the corrosion, and reducing the C, N, S, P, O and other impurity elements to improve the welding performance, the ferritic stainless steel can be a good material for the traffic sign substrate plate.
Research on Thermal Characteristic of Spindle System of CNC Machine Tool
Authors: Sheng Zhong Qi , Zhu Zong Xiao , Liu Chang Chun , Zhang Chao Biao
Published: June 2012

The main heat source of the spindle system of CNC machine tool has been analyzed. The friction heat of the motor as well as the bearing has been calculated. This paper established the finite element model of the spindle system of a precise CNC turning center, and used ANSYS to analyze the steady temperature field of the spindle system and the thermal deformation of the spindle. Finally, this paper proposed a solution to install a cooling sleeve in front of the spindle box, which can apparently reduce the thermal error of machine spindle.
A New Method to Solve No-Probabilistic Finite Element Method
Authors: Liu Chang Hong , Qing X.C. , Xuan F.Z. , Tu S.T.
Published: June 2012

According to the non-probabilistic finite element algorithms, the random finite element equations are translated into the interval finite element equations. Firstly, with the concept of confidence interval in the probability, a interval number can be taken as the random variable with the uniform distribution. Secondly, the uniform random Monte Carlo (MC) finite element method and optimization finite element method are presented. Finally, the example shown, when the numbers of random parameters are small, the two algorithms are all effective. But when numbers of random parameters are large, only the uniform random finite element method has the stabilized solving ability.
The Optimal Design of Electromagnetic Ball Valve with MATLAB Optimization Toolbox
Authors: Chen Wei
Published: June 2012

In this paper, the optimization model of ultra high electromagnetic ball valve is established, and using the MATLAB optimization toolbox for optimization calculation. Then the optimum results of relevant structural parameters are compared with C++ prepared random direction method. It shows that the optimal design model of electromagnetic ball valve is correct. So we can draw a conclusion that using MATLAB optimization toolbox to optimum design is feasibility in the hydraulic component design through an engineering example of ultra high electromagnetic ball valve. The optimization results show that the optimization design based on MATLAB optimization toolbox has high precision, the program is simple, the calculation is fast, and the optimal solutions have a high accuracy and reliability.
Nonlinear Dynamics Behaviors of Ball Screws with Preload Considered
Authors: Chen Yong Jiang , Tang Wen Cheng , Zhang Shi Gen
Published: June 2012

In order to improve the vibration problem arise when rotational speed of a ball screw is increased, an analytical model is proposed to study the nonlinear dynamic behavior of the ball screw with preload considered. The contact force of each rolling element described according to nonlinear Hertzian contact deformation and the re-circulating mechanism has been taken in to account. A end-type ball screw is selected as an example, the methods of Runge-Kutta-fehlberg is used to solve the equations of motions numerically. It was found that the preload can be useful in controlling the vibration of the system,but the inhibit effect is not proportional to it,in the light of different type of ball screw, corresponding prevention preload is recommended.
Internal Common-Mode Current Flow Path of Induction Motor
Authors: Jiang Bao Jun , Fan Ting Dong
Published: June 2012

When induction motor is directly driven by PWM power converter, high-frequency common-mode current will be generated inside the motor due to the high-frequency common-mode voltage load. So in this paper, on the basis of the analysis of the coupling effect of the parasitic elements on high-frequency current which include elements between induction motor windings, between the winding and the stator and between the winding and the rotor, According to the structural characteristics of the motor, it is obtained that the parasitic element between the first turns of the stator winding coil and ground can provide low impedance flow path for high frequency common mode current, most of the high-frequency common mode current drain into ground through this path, and the motor stator winding has the uniform transmission line characteristics. The correctness of the conclusions is verified by the experimental results of two different induction motor.
Design of Hydraulic System of Sway Machine Based on Electro-Hydraulic Proportional Control Technology
Authors: Li Yun , Fan Jin Wei , Gao Xing Li , Wang Xiao Feng
Published: June 2012

According to the problems of hydraulic system of sway machine, such as commissioning and maintenance are inconvenient, impact of change direction is big, system speed is slow, production efficiency is low, etc. It used electro-hydraulic proportional control valve to improve design in hydraulic system of sway machine. Application of electro-hydraulic proportional control valve has realized automatic adjustment of the hydraulic motor speed; it is effective to solve variable speed movement of sway machine frame and no impact of changing direction smooth. Commissioning and maintenance of sway machine are more convenient, and it improves performance of sway machine.
Study on Technics in Laser Accumulation of Change-Diametral Rotary Parts with the Coaxial Inside-Beam Powder Feeding
Authors: Shi Shi Hong , Li Hong Yuan , Fu Ge Yan , Wang Chen , Sun Hou Shun
Published: June 2012

Based on the forming technology of "hollow laser beam and internal powder, adopting a novel device with coaxial inside-beam and internal powder feeding, the accumulation experiments of the change-diametral rotary parts are carried out on the substrate of 45# steel. This study is focused on the control of the parts inclination angle, Z axis incremental and laser power on the forming characteristics of the parts. The results show that with the Coaxial Inside-beam Powder Feeding Accumulation, the quality of molding parts that this experiment gets finally is higher with smooth appearance and lower roughness. The grain is fine and the microstructure distribute uniformly from bottom to top of forming parts.
Dynamic Characteristics Study on Hydraulic Impact of Cartridge Valve in High Pressure and Large Flow Depressurization Process
Authors: Sun Kang , Chen Wen , Tan Jian Ping
Published: June 2012

Dynamic analysis software ANSYS/LS-DYNA is applied to fluid-structure coupling simulation analysis of cartridge valve. Transient mechanical properties of cartridge valve and impact characteristics of interaction between hydraulic oil and valve spool in depressurization process were got. The result of study showed that the stability of depressurization process is related to the contacting time between valve spool and valve sleeve. The squeezing time of hydraulic oil is best not more than 0.01s. The peak impact time of hydraulic oil to valve spool in steady depressurization process is 140kN. And the maximum VonMises between valve spool and valve sleeve is 456MPa.
Study on Numerical Control Machining Technology of Full-Surface Part
Authors: Wan Jin Gui , Zhang Fei , Li Bei Hua , Gao Qi
Published: June 2012

A complex part, which has curved surface overall, is trial-manufactured with CNC machine. The NC machining process and technology of this full-surface part are studied in this paper. First, the 3D model of the part is created in the modeling module of UG system. Then, process analysis and scheme are developed. As the part has an irregular shape and the entire surface is to be NC machined, there are many difficulties during processing. The optimized process plan is determined. In the manufacturing module of UG system, the NC machining parameters are set according to the processing requirements, the tool paths are generated, edited and checked, and the NC code is generated by post processing. Finally, the part is manufactured using a 3-axis CNC milling machine with the NC programs. It has desirable shape and high accuracy. The result shows that the NC process is reasonable and efficient. CAD/CAM integration technology is applied successfully in this example. The methodology and technology introduced in this paper can provide valuable reference for processing similar parts, and it is also useful for correlational study.