bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BCG and the Treatment of Superficial Bladder Cancer
Authors: Moss Jeffrey T. , Kadmon Dov
Published: July 2017

In this report, we review the evolution of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunotherapy as a legitimate form of treatment in superficial, nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer. In the US, an estimated 45 000 new cases of bladder cancer are diagnosed each year and the annual death rate approaches 11 000. Approximately 70 percent of these cancers are superficial at the time of initial presentation. The treatment of superficial bladder cancer has three objectives: (1) eradication of existing disease, (2) prophylaxis against tumor recurrence, and (3) prevention of tumor progression (either muscular invasion, metastatic spread, or both). Cystectomy generally is reserved for muscle-invasive disease. Transurethral resection of the bladder tumor is the preferred initial therapy. Intravesical instillations of various chemotherapeutic agents following transurethral resection have been extensively investigated. Some of the common agents used include thiotepa, mitomycin, and doxorubicin. Despite such treatment efforts, however, over 40 percent of patients with superficial bladder cancer experience a recurrence of their tumor within three years. Approximately half of these recurrences either present as less-well-differentiated tumors or have already penetrated into the bladder musculature, metastasized, or both. Since Morales et al. first introduced intravesical BCG vaccine for prophylaxis as well as for treatment of superficial bladder tumors in 1976, support has grown rapidly for its use as an alternative to chemotherapy. When used with prophylactic intent following transurethral resection, recurrence rates are lower than those achieved with other agents. In addition, BCG is emerging as the consensus drug of choice for treating carcinoma in situ of the bladder. The mechanisms by which BCG exerts its antitumor activity remain largely unknown. BCG is thought to stimulate a localized, nonspecific inflammatory response that leads to subsequent shedding of tumor cells. A large body of clinical and experimental data suggest an association between the development of an immunologic response to BCG and successful antitumor activity. No universally accepted therapeutic regimen has been agreed upon. One regimen commonly used consists of an ampul of BCG mixed with 50 mL of NaCl 0.9%, instilled once a week for six weeks and retained for two hours prior to voiding. Maintenance therapy generally consists of intravesical doses given at three-month cycles for at least two years of recurrence-free follow-up. Because BCG is a biologic agent, the commercially available products may differ in weight, colony-forming units per vial, and antigenicity. How these product characteristics affect clinical responsiveness to different strains of BCG remains unanswered.
Medication Usage Patterns in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: A Comparison of Patient-Reported Medication Usage with Medical Chart Review
Authors: Hartzema Abraham G. , Porta Miquel S. , Tilson Hugh H. , Corelli Robin L. , Guglielmo B. Joseph , Kapusnik-Uner Joan E. , McMaster James R. , Greenblatt Ruth M.
Published: July 2017

Patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) receive numerous medications from multiple providers. As a result, it is important that medication usage is properly documented in each patient's medical record. Lack of adequate documentation may confound a provider's assessment of drug efficacy, potentially leading to an increased incidence of drug interactions and adverse effects. The objective of this study was to determine if discrepancies exist between patient-reported medication usage and that documented in the medical record by healthcare providers. Data were obtained using structured telephone surveys and medical chart review. Study participants were recruited from the University of California, San Francisco Medical Center AIDS Clinic. Results obtained for 41 patients demonstrated discrepancies between patient-reported medication usage and that documented in the medical record ranging from 9 to 92 percent, depending on the class of drug. The largest differences were observed with the “as-needed” class of drugs: benzodiazepines (92 percent), morphine (60 percent), and codeine (56 percent). Differences were also noted for scheduled medications: ketoconazole (54 percent), clotrimazole (45 percent), acyclovir (38 percent), zidovudine (15 percent), and pentamidine (9 percent).These observed discrepancies reaffirm the need for accurate exchange of information between provider and patient to promote the most effective, rational, and safe drug therapy. Careful reviews of medication usage at each visit and use of pharmacy-based medication profiles are potential mechanisms to improve documentation of medication usage in HIV-infected patients.
Pictures vs. Type Display in Reporting the News
Authors: Walters Basil L.
Published: July 2017

The executive editor of the Knight Newspapers, long noted for his innovations in typography and photography, urges that journalists be oriented in both fields so that they may select the medium by which each story can be told most effectively.
A Selected Bibliography from British Journals
Authors: Gerald J. Edward
Published: July 2017

The world-wide emphasis upon socialized ownership of the agencies of communication is continued this quarter in proceedings of the International Organization of Journalists and other international conferences.
Bold Experimentation Needed to Improve Newspaper Content
Authors: Jones Vincent S.
Published: July 2017

This forthright challenge to editors to break the grip of traditionalism in news handling, writing, and makeup was delivered by the executive editor of the Utica (N. Y.) Observer – Dispatch and Daily Press at the recent AASDJ convention.
William Leggett, Neglected Figure of American Literary History
Authors: Glicksberg Charles I.
Published: July 2017

This account of Leggett and his better known associate, William Cullen Bryant, is written by a member of the English faculty at Brooklyn College. Dr. Glicksberg is the author of Walt Whitman and the Civil War. He has written for many literary journals.
A comparison of GEE and random effects models for distinguishing heterogeneity, nonstationarity and state dependence in a collection of short binary event series
Authors: Crouchley R , Davies R B
Published: July 2017

GEE transition models and Markov random effect models are applied to a simple panel data set on depression. In each case, the precise specifications adopted were derived from the authors’ interpretation of best practice in the literature. The two approaches result in quite different inference on the three process characteristics of interest: state dependence, heterogeneity and nonstationarity. The design of the analyses permits indirect goodness of fit measures to be derived for the GEE models and these indicate serious deficiencies in this approach. It is shown through simulation and further analyses of the depression data that these deficiencies may be corrected by including the initial observation properly in the analyses and by adopting an appropriate variance-covariance structure. The former problem is widely understood in random effects modelling and is relatively straightforward to address within GEE. The latter problem is more difficult because, without model selection or goodness of fit measures generally available for GEE models, it is not clear how one may select empirically between alternative variance-covariance structures. Inappropriate variance-covariance specifications prejudice consistent estimation of state dependence and nonstationarity.
A Demonstration of Individualized Positive Behavior Support Interventions by Head Start Staff to Address Children's Challenging Behavior
Authors: Voorhees Mary D. , Walker Virginia L. , Snell Martha E. , Smith Carol G.
Published: July 2017

Following the implementation of Tier 1 and Tier 2 Positive Behavior Support (PBS) strategies in six Head Start (HS) classrooms, three children in two classrooms were identified who had significant behavioral challenges and met the criteria for the use of individualized PBS. The purpose of this demonstration was to evaluate whether the effects of individualized PBS intervention implemented by HS classroom staff would have a generalized effect on inappropriate and appropriate behaviors, defined both individually for each child in a support plan and globally across three children. Following intervention with all three target children, both individually and globally defined inappropriate behavior showed decreases over baseline levels, whereas individually and globally defined appropriate behavior showed increases over baseline levels. Overall fidelity was high for implementation of prevention strategies but varied by child and classroom. Social validity ratings indicated that intervention strategies were feasible for use in classrooms and had positive effects on students and staff.
Offering Person-Centered Supports on a Daily Basis: An Initial Appreciative Inquiry into the Relationship between Personal Assistants and Those Seeking Support
Authors: Romer Lyle T. , Walker Pamela
Published: July 2017

This paper focuses on aspects of the relationship that develops between people offering daily support and those seeking those supports. We interviewed 16 personal assistants employed in two agencies in the Pacific Northwest. Both agencies are members of a community of practice among organizers of person-centered supports that is coordinated through the TASH Community Living Committee. The personal assistants were asked to describe the aspects of their work that were crucial in offering person-centered supports. Their responses focused on the quality of their relationship with the person for whom they were offering supports. The daily relationships were defined through the presence of six characteristics of the personal support relationship: Presence, Authentic Listening, Negotiating, Moving With the Person Supported, Trust, and Respect. Implications for the organization of supports and future research directions are discussed.
‘Isolating Iris’ — A Creative and Innovative Way of Bringing Isolation Nursing to Life
Authors: Lockwood Jane , Talbot Carol , Glancy Sharon
Published: July 2017

Education lies at the forefront of good Infection Control practice. This is supported by Perry (1998) who endorses the importance of multidisciplinary education. It is therefore essential that staff are knowledgeable, competent and well-motivated practitioners, to ensure that infection control standards are met and clinical competence is maintained. Yet all too often the format by which education is delivered can be repetitive, tedious and dare we say, boring (Rowell and Spielvogle 1996). With increasing demands on staff time by the requirements for mandatory training, poor staffing levels and the challenges of an acute Trust, it is becoming increasingly important to ensure that when education is provided, it is not only stimulating and productive, but is also delivered in a manner appropriate to the needs of the service.
Decontamination of surgical instruments: a Department of Health initiative
Authors: Evans Roger
Published: July 2017

The Department of Health (DH) launched an initiative in October 2000 to improve the standard of decontamination of surgical instruments within the NHS. This article explains the action taken so far and the future programme.
Managing Health Information during Disasters
Authors: Smith Erin , Macdonald Rhona
Published: July 2017

Providing continuing patient care when healthcare infrastructure has been damaged or destroyed requires careful advanced planning. Substantial numbers of patients will seek medical care during a disaster, including those injured during the acute phase of the disaster, those injured in recovery and evacuation attempts, and the chronically ill who have been displaced and do not have access to their medications. As a vital department of any healthcare facility, the Health Information Service (HIS) should have a planned response for retrieving medical records, and allocating new ones, should a disaster situation occur. Problems that may be encountered by the HIS at hospitals or healthcare facilities should be identified and responses that mitigate these problems should be discussed by staff and included in a disaster plan that can be activated in a timely manner. A disaster planning strategy for the management of medical records in health facilities is outlined in this paper.
Effect of Affirmative Policies on Wages in India
Authors: Das Soumitra
Published: July 2017

The resurgence of a new generation of skilled workers, with a vast majority of them enjoying increased incomes through much of their careers, has been widely hailed as one of the primary reasons for India’s remarkable economic growth. However, there still exists a significant difference in wages for similarly skilled workers from different social groups in the country. Consequently, such wage disparities have been at the forefront of public policy deliberations, and a vast majority of the remedial formulations have relied on affirmative safeguards to rectify these imbalances. While the merits of such policies are rightfully debated, direct empirical evidence on their effectiveness have been inadequate. This article seeks to redress the lacuna by using newer samples from the National Sample Survey Organization which enumerates wage data based on all the four major social groups in India. The results indicated that members from the three underprivileged groups entering the labour force after such policies were enacted have higher earnings than similar workers who entered the labour force before such policies were actualised.
Inventory Management in Fertiliser Industry of India: An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Mittal Sanjiv , Mittal R.K. , Singh Gagandeep , Gupta Sunil
Published: July 2017

Inventory comprises an important part of current assets, particularly in manufacturing concerns. Huge funds are committed to inventories so as to ensure smooth flow of production and to meet consumer demand. However, maintaining inventory also involves holding or carrying costs along with opportunity cost. Inventory management, therefore, plays a crucial role in balancing the benefits and disadvantages associated with holding inventory. Efficient and effective inventory management goes a long way in successful running and survival of a business firm. With this backdrop, the present study focuses on empirically analysing inventory management in the fertiliser industry by taking a sample of 10 companies for a period of 10 years from 2001–2002 to 2010–2011. The study examines the effect of inventory performance on profitability of the firm. It also investigates the impact of gross margin, capital intensity, firm’s size and growth on inventory performance. The variables used include inventory turnover ratio, average inventory conversion period, current ratio, size of firm, gross margin, fixed financial assets ratio, financial debt ratio and growth of firm. The results provide a strong negative relationship of average inventory conversion period with profitability of the company. Also, inventory turnover is inversely related to gross margin while directly related to capital intensity, firm’s size and growth.
Optimization of Operations in Epicyclic Gear Train Modelled Through Computer Aided Design
Authors: Choudhury Koushik , Mandol Sourabh , Dan P.K.
Published: July 2017

A rotating power transmission unit, namely gears experience contact stresses during meshing, all of which can be visualised in the teeth, which is in contact with another gear enabling power transmission. This article presents an optimisation approach in which the developed stresses between contacts can be minimised by selecting an epicyclic gear train having a specific set of parameters, which will be discussed in the article. To conduct this experiment with a variation of different control factors, Taguchi’s Design of Experiment (DoE) methodology was considered, because it minimises the number of test runs to find an optimal level of solution to suffice the goal of optimisation as compared to the factorial design methodology. In addition, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) methodology has been employed to study the significance of each input factor on the responses selected for carrying out the experiment. Computer Aided Design (CAD) software packages, namely, Solidworks 2013, for creation of the 3D assembly design, and ANSYSV13, for the analysis of stresses, were used. The parameters for noise, input factors and responses are so chosen, that it is feasible to modify and control the data in the environment of the software packages, as per requirement. To perform the DoE and analysis of data, the Minitab 16 software package was used. The goal of this experiment was to find an optimised set of various input factors for which the stresses would be the minimum, and hence tooth failure chances could be minimised. This combination of DoE with CAD is an approach which will not only reduce the time and effort to conduct the experiment in real life, but will also reduce and eliminate the various costs associated with conducting the experiment.
Evolution of Credit Risk Management Capability Maturity: Lessons from the Indian Banking Sector
Authors: Arora Anju , Kumar Muneesh
Published: July 2017

A wide array of credit risk management (CRM) practices have been followed by commercial banks since their inception. These practices have evolved over the years; new practices/strategies have been formulated, old practices have been updated/revised, traditional operations are being replaced by new sophisticated procedures. With such continuous evolution of CRM practices, CRM capability maturity of banks has also improved over time. Further, the role/importance and effectiveness of each CRM practice in determining the maturity of CRM capability is an important issue that needs to be addressed. A number of capability maturity models have been suggested in general for a business organisation. However, these studies focus on the assessment of overall business risk management maturity and do not offer any model to trace the path of evolution towards maturity in CRM capability in commercial banks. This article attempts to fill this gap by investigating into how commercial banks mature in their ability to manage credit risk in their advances portfolio. The objective of this study is to go beyond descriptive in terms of specifying practices, challenges and issues in each stage of CRM capability maturity and also be prescriptive in terms of recommended strategies and actions to move on to the next higher level of CRM capability maturity. The path of evolution of credit risk management capability maturity is illustrated on the basis of primary data collected from 35 Indian commercial banks (representing 70 per cent of the population) through a structured questionnaire in year 2007–2008. A comprehensive list of questions relating to major elements of CRM namely, ( a) CRM organisation, ( b) CRM policy and strategy; and ( c) CRM operations and systems at the transaction level; and ( d) CRM operations and systems at the portfolio level were included in questionnaire. The CRM index tool is employed to benchmark a given commercial bank’s approach to CRM against four standard levels of maturity. The statistical analysis of scores in four major elements of the CRM index for banks lying in different stages of maturity clearly brings out whether or not credit risk processes/techniques/tools/procedures are adequate, identifies realistic targets for improvement and shall enable bank management to frame concrete plans for evolving towards a higher CRM capability maturity level. This study, by drawing conclusions from empirical data, is unique and contributes to additional insights into the risk management literature in emerging economies.
Trends in ERP Software and Justification for Development of Open Source Systems for Small-scale Businesses
Authors: Bhattacharyya Shisam , Dan Pranab K.
Published: July 2017

This article comprises two sub–areas: first, the trend in enterprise resource planning (ERP) software development based on the review of literature; and second, it has been observed that, particularly for the small-scale sector, there is a dire necessity for open source ERP systems. The small-scale sector is growing at rapid rate and becoming a vital element in manufacturing as well as economy in any country. This article reviews the research works in published literature on the functional impact of ERP software development for the small-scale businesses from January 2002 to April 2012. A total of 68 articles from 38 journals are reviewed, where this present work exploits particularly the conventional practices in open source software modelling. This work attempts to serve two major goals. First, it will be useful for the researchers interested in determining the research questions in the area of functional impact of ERP software development for small-scale businesses. Second, it serves as a comprehensive reference on the subject till date providing useful information for ERP developers.
Book Review: Rolf Dobelli, The Art of Thinking Clearly
Authors: Jacob Wallace
Published: July 2017

Rolf Dobelli, The Art of Thinking Clearly, 2013, Gurgaon: Hachette India, pp. x + 326, ₹350 (hardback), ISBN: 9781444759549
The Effects of β-Crystal Surface Roughening on Aluminum Adhesion to BOPP Film
Authors: Ruf Brenda L.
Published: July 2017

Roughened tenter-process homopolymer biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) films were prepared by forming j3-crystals in cast polypropylene sheet and subsequently melting the 13-crystals as the sheet was stretched in the machine direction. The roughened films, along with unroughened control films, were corona treated and vacuum metallized with aluminum to 2.1 optical density and then extrusion laminated to a commercially produced BOPP film.

Several different laminated metallized films were tested for aluminum adhesion. The roughened films exhibited poorer aluminum adhesion than the unroughened controls.
Slip Additives for Film Extrusion
Authors: Maltby Adam , Marquis Richard E.
Published: July 2017

A description of slip additives is followed by a discussion of the factors involved in evaluating them for polyolefin films. Data is provided to show how the activity of several slip additives, including combinations with anti-block and other additives, affect the slip of polyolefin films.
Use of research evidence in policymaking in three Danish municipalities
Authors: Jakobsen Mette Winge , Lau Cathrine Juel , Skovgaard Thomas , Hämäläinen Riitta-Maija , Aro Arja R
Published: July 2017

This article analyses the use of research evidence (RE) in three policy processes, at the local level, dealing with physical activity. We analysed an extensive number of policy documents and a total of 14 interviews with policymakers. Results show an unsystematic way of using RE, where demographic and statistical data as well as expert consultation were mostly used. Lack of transparency of RE use complicated the tracking of sources from introduction to actual policy impact. It can be concluded that the policymakers engaged in health issues have a wider use of RE than the policymakers working with more sports-oriented issues.
Reprint Retrospective: Selling Radio: The Commercialization of American Broadcasting, 1920–1934
Authors: Franz Kathleen , Smulyan Susan
Published: July 2017

This is a reprint of excerpts from Susan Smulyan's 1994 book Selling Radio: The Commercialization of American Broadcasting, 1920–1934 . The selections are accompanied by a recorded conversation about the book between Susan Smulyan, Professor of American Studies and Director of the John Nicholas Brown Center at Brown University, and Kathleen Franz, Chair and Curator of the Division of Work and Industry at the National Museum of American History. The reprint and conversation's goal is to encourage historical reflection on advertising's roles as technology and media change. As Smulyan notes about radio's emergence in the 1920s and 1930s, there were concerns about financing the exciting, cutting-edge medium at the time. The commercialization of radio mainly won out, but not without significant debates among a variety of interest groups. Today, there are concerns about the degree to which digital technologies and spaces, especially the Internet, should be commercialized. The dominant media may have radically changed since the 1920s and 1930s, but today's concerns about the shifting roles of advertising and the commercial values that underlie them are not necessarily new.
Roundtable on Digital Advertising: Part II
Authors: O'Barr William M. , Timke Edward , Brunton Finn , Kay Brad , Law Nick , Li Hairong , Meyers Cynthia B. , Wacksman Barry
Published: July 2017

Abstract: In Part II of the Roundtable on Digital Advertising, the academic and industry participants detailed the breadth of skills students need for advertising. The conversation moved to authenticity, in light of how celebrities and social media influencers have taken a central role in advertising today, especially among Millennial audiences. The roundtable then focused on how technologies have caused the advertising industry to adjust its strategies many times throughout history. To conclude, participants agreed that digital technologies and media have wrought rapid changes in the last 20 years. However, one should take caution in making definitive claims on what will come for advertising's futures because the industry and the academy are still sorting out how Big Data, algorithms, and automation will impact business and everyday life.
Interview with Sarah Hofstetter
Authors: Hofstetter Sarah , Timke Edward
Published: July 2017

In this interview, Sarah Hofstetter, CEO of the digital advertising and marketing agency 360i, discusses her advertising career, the nature of digital advertising, historical changes in advertising, diversity in the workplace, and possible "digitally-led" futures for advertisers, society, and individuals.
Social Media and Advertising
Authors: Timke Edward
Published: July 2017

Abstract: This unit introduces what social media are, how and when they emerged, and how and why they have become essential tools for advertising in a digital age. Since their advent and subsequent maturation after the turn of the millennium, social media have become a central way for advertisers to reach audiences, and to use consumers' social connections to sell, tell, and spread messages. A common logic underlies all social media advertising: by getting social media users to do the digital labor of selling and telling, via their influence on others and through word-of-mouth messaging, advertisers find it cheaper and easier to spread their messages widely.
Language, mobility and scale in South and Central Asia: a commentary
Authors: Britain David
Published: July 2017

This article aims to present a synthesizing commentary on the collected articles in this special issue on language, transnationalism and globalization in South and Central Asian spaces. In doing so, it focuses on three main themes that the assembled articles speak to: the role of
Sexual Orientation as Interpretation? Sexual Desires, Concepts, and Choice
Authors: Díaz-León E.
Published: July 2017

Are sexual orientations freely chosen? The idea that someone’s sexual orientation is not a choice is very influential in the mainstream LGBT political movement. But do we have good reasons to believe it is not a choice? Going against the orthodoxy, William Wilkerson has recently argued that sexual orientation is partly constituted by our interpretations of our own sexual desires, and we choose these interpretations, so sexual orientation is partly constituted by choice. In this paper I aim to examine the question of whether our interpretations of our own sexual desires are constitutive of our sexual orientations. I will argue that whereas Wilkerson’s argument for the claim that sexual orientations are in part constituted by our chosen interpretations of our sexual desires is not sound, there are good reasons for endorsing a weaker claim, namely, that there are different but equally apt descriptions of the same sexual desires, depending on which concepts we have.
Excitation functions of proton induced nuclear reactions on natFe up to 16 MeV, with emphasis on radiochemical determination of low cross sections
Authors: Uddin Md. Shuza , Chakraborty Animesh Kumer , Spellerberg Stefan , Spahn Ingo , Shariff Md. Asad , Rashid Md. Abdur , Qaim Syed M.
Published: July 2017

Excitation functions for the formation of the radionuclides 56Co, 57Co, 58m+gCo and 54Mn via proton induced reactions on natural iron target were measured from their respective thresholds up to 16 MeV using the stacked-foil activation technique and HPGe detector γ-ray spectroscopy. In the threshold energy range, the low cross sections for 54Mn were measured radiochemically. All the measured values were compared with available experimental data and with theoretical calculations reproduced in TENDL-2015 nuclear data library. New data for the formation of 57Co, 58Co and 54Mn were obtained near their reaction thresholds. Other data obtained strengthen the database. Polynomial fittings of the data measured in this work as well as of all data sets (including the present data) were performed. The present data appear to be closer to theoretical calculations than the literature data.
Raising the Pole for Min in the Temple of Isis at Shanhūr
Authors: Minas-Nerpel Martina , De Meyer Marleen
Published: July 2017

This article presents the translation and commentary of two unpublished offering scenes from the eastern and western external walls of the Roman period temple at Shanhūr. Pharaoh Claudius (41-54 CE) raises the pole for Min’s cult chapel and presents lettuce to the same god in the corresponding scene. The pole-raising scene is quite exceptional for many reasons, but mainly because a specific date is mentioned for this ritual, a unique element in all known pole-raising scenes so far, which enables us to date a local Min festival. The appendix provides a chronological and up-to-date overview of all known thirty-two pole-raising scenes from the Old Kingdom to the Roman Period.
Transcriptional Profiling of Biofilm Regulators Identified by an Overexpression Screen in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Cromie Gareth A , Tan Zhihao , Hays Michelle , Sirr Amy , Jeffery Eric W , Dudley Aimée M
Published: July 2017

Biofilm formation by microorganisms is a major cause of recurring infections and removal of biofilms has proven to be extremely difficult given their inherent drug resistance . Understanding the biological processes that underlie biofilm formation is thus extremely important and could lead to the development of more effective drug therapies, resulting in better infection outcomes. Using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a biofilm model, overexpression screens identified DIG1, SFL1, HEK2, TOS8, SAN1, and ROF1/YHR177W as regulators of biofilm formation. Subsequent RNA-seq analysis of biofilm and nonbiofilm-forming strains revealed that all of the overexpression strains, other than DIG1 and TOS8, were adopting a single differential expression profile, although induced to varying degrees. TOS8 adopted a separate profile, while the expression profile of DIG1 reflected the common pattern seen in most of the strains, plus substantial DIG1-specific expression changes. We interpret the existence of the common transcriptional pattern seen across multiple, unrelated overexpression strains as reflecting a transcriptional state, that the yeast cell can access through regulatory signaling mechanisms, allowing an adaptive morphological change between biofilm-forming and nonbiofilm states.
Student food insecurity at the University of Manitoba
Authors: Entz Meghan , Slater Joyce , Desmarais Annette Aurélie
Published: July 2017

While rates of food insecurity among various sectors of Canadian population are well documented, food security among post-secondary students as a particularly vulnerable population has emerged in recent years as an area of research. Based on a survey of 548 students in the 2015/16 school year, this article examines the extent of food insecurity among a population of undergraduate and graduate students at the University of Manitoba. Our study reveals that 35.3% of survey respondents face food insecurity. 23.5% of these students experience moderate food insecurity, while 11.8% are severely food insecurity. Using chi-square tests and regression analysis, we compare these rates with various demographic indicators to assess which students are at greater risk of food insecurity, factors contributing to food insecurity, and its effect on their student experience, their health and their lives in general. In contemplating funding for post-secondary institutions and increases in tuition fees, provincial governments need to consider how this will affect student food security
Re-conceptualizing Teachers’ Narrative Inquiry as Professional Development
Authors: Golombek Paula R. , Johnson Karen E.
Published: July 2017

We offer a more nuanced characterization of teachers’ narrative inquiry as professional development (Johnson & Golombek, 2002) by grounding our definition of and empirical research on teachers’ narrative inquiry from a Vygotskian sociocultural theoretical perspective. Our goal is to reaffirm our belief in the educational value of teachers’ narrative inquiry as “systematic exploration that is conducted by teachers and for teachers through their own stories and language” (p. 6), while empirically documenting the crucial role of teacher educators in creating mediational spaces, dialogic interactions, and pedagogical tools for teachers’ narrative inquiry to flourish as professional development. It is also our goal to re-conceptualize teachers’ narrative inquiry as unbounded by time and place, and as a more fluid and emerging process.
KOOPERACIJOS REIKŠMĖ ŪKININKŲ ŪKIŲ VEIKLOS EFEKTYVUMUI
Authors: Makutėnas Valdemaras , Šukienė Aurelija
Published: July 2017

Visuomenėje vykstantys ekonominiai ir socialiniai pokyčiai kelia naujus iššūkius ūkinin-kams ir jų veiklai, todėl ūkininkų kooperavimas į žemės ūkio kooperatyvus tampa neišvengiama šių laikų kasdienybe. Pastebėtina, jog ūkininko ūkio veikla turi būti efektyvi ir tapti ne tik paties ūki-ninko, bet ir kooperatyvo, kuriam jis priklauso, siekiu. Todėl šiuolaikinėmis nuolat besikeičiančio-mis sąlygomis žemės ūkio kooperatyvas tampa instrumentu, padedančiu ūkininkui prisitaikyti prie kintančios aplinkos ir vykdyti savo veiklą efektyviai. Tyrimo tikslas – išanalizavus kooperacijos reikšmę, parinkti rodiklių sistemą ūkininkų ūkių veiklos efektyvumui įvertinti. Tyrimo metodika: išanalizuoti 1995–2015 m. moksliniai straipsniai, nagrinėjantys kooperacijos reikšmę ūkininkų ūkių veiklai, ūkių veiklos efektyvumo vertinimo metodus, rodiklius ir sistemas. Remiantis atlikta analize, vertinant ūkininko ūkio veiklos efektyvumą kooperacijos kontekste, parinkta subalansuotų rodiklių sistema, apimanti keturis kriterijus: ūkio finansus, vidaus verslą, klientus ir inovacijas.
KAJIAN KETAHANAN PANGAN RUMAH TANGGA NELAYAN BURUH DI DESA BAJO SANGKUANG KABUPATEN HALMAHERA SELATAN
Authors: Salim Fajria Dewi , Darmawaty Darmawaty
Published: July 2017

Ketahanan pangan rumah tangga dipengaruhi oleh banyak faktor dan bervariasi antar individuataupun rumah tangga. Salah satu kelompok masyarakat di perkotaan yang masih tergolong rawanpangan adalah nelayan. Masyarakat Desa Bajo Sangkuang bermata pencahariaan utama sebagainelayan, dan mayoritas adalah menjadi buruh pada bagang perahu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmengetahui kondisi ketahanan pangan rumah tangga nelayan buruh di Desa Bajo Sangkuang.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif analitis dengan pendekatan survei. Pengumpulan datadilakukan melalui wawancara menggunakan kuesioner kepada 97 rumah tangga nelayan buruh yangdipilih secara acak dan wawancara mendalam kepada informan kunci yakni kepala desa, nelayan buruh,pemilik bagang. Kondisi ketahanan pangan dianalisis dengan menggunakan indeks ketahanan panganyang dikembangkan oleh FAO. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa 92,78% rumah tangga nelayan buruhdalam kategori tidak tahan pangan, sebanyak 7,22% termasuk kurang tahan pangan dan tidak adarumah tangga nelayan buruh termasuk dalam kategori tahan pangan.Title: Analysis of Household Food Security of The Fishers Labors in The Village of Bajo Sangkuang South Halmahera RegencyHousehold food security is affected by many factors and varies among individuals or households. One of the groups of people in urban areas are classified as food insecurity is the fisher. Most of the people in the Village of Bajo Sangkuang is the fishers and most of them became laborers at bagang boats. The aim of this study was to determine the food security of households of fisher workers. This study used a descriptive-analytical method with survey approach. Data were collected through interviews using a questionnaire for 97 fisher labor households as randomly selected and in-depth interviews with four keys informant such as the head of village, fishing laborers, and owner of Bagang perahu. Food security condition is analyzed using food security index by FAO. Results show that 92,78% of fishing laborers household are insecure, 7,22% are middle-secure and there is no fisher labor households are categorized as highly food security.
Caracterização morfogenética e reação de resistência de genótipos de tangerineira a Alternaria alternata f. sp. citri
Authors: Porcino Mirelly Migue , Nascimento Luciana Cordeiro do , Souza Jean de Oliveira , Souza Breno Oliveira de , Nunes Marciano Costa
Published: July 2017

RESUMO Este trabalho teve como objetivo a caracterização morfogenética de dez isolados de Alternaria alternata f. sp. citri coletados no estado da Paraíba e avaliar a reação de cinco genótipos de tangerineira inoculados com A. alternata f. sp. citri. O experimento foi realizado na Universidade Federal da Paraíba. Dez isolados de A. alternata foram avaliados quanto à produção de conídios, índice de velocidade de crescimento micelial e crescimento micelial final. As inoculações de A. alternata foram em folhas destacadas e em mudas de tangerineiras de cinco genótipos, Tangelo Robinson’, Tangerina ‘Clementina’, Tangerina ‘Nova’, Tangerina ‘Lee’ e Tangerina ‘Swatow’ e em frutos de tangerineira cv. “Dancy”. Na inoculação das mudas foi utilizado o isolado 7, de Lagoa seca-PB que apresentou as melhores características morfológicas. As avaliações foram realizadas 48h após a inoculação do patógeno, utilizando uma escala de notas. Os isolados 2 e 7 apresentaram maior velocidade de crescimento micelial e os isolados 6 e 7 causaram maior severidade da doença em frutos de cv. ‘Dancy’. Sete grupos divergentes de A. alternaria f. sp. citri foram obtidos pelo marcador ISSR. Os genótipos ‘Tangelo Robinson’, Tangerina ‘Swatow’ e Tangerina ‘Nova’ apresentaram maior resistência a Mancha Marrom de Alternaria nas condições desse trabalho.
DECLINE IN HOSPITALIZATION TREND FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES SENSITIVE TO PRIMARY HEALTHCARE
Authors: Lentsck Maicon Henrique , Saito Ana Claudia , Mathias Thais Aidar de Freitas
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT Objective: was to analyze the trend of hospitalizations for cardiovascular conditions sensitive to primary healthcare from 2000 to 2011. Method: an ecological study of the tendency of hospitalization rates for cardiovascular diseases by residence, aged between 35 and 74 years, according to the main diagnoses of hospitalization, gender and age, with data from the Hospital Information System of the Brazilian National Unified Health System (Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do Sistema Único de Saúde) and using polynomial regression models. Results: an average annual decline of 5.6 per 10,000 inhabitants ( r2 =0.9; p<0.001) of hospitalization rates by cardiovascular diseases was observed. Decreasing trends for hypertension, heart failure and cerebrovascular diseases were also identified, while hospitalization rates by angina remained stable. The decrease in admission rates due to cardiovascular conditions was similar between both genders, although these rates were higher for men aged 55 to 74 years. Conclusion: the decline in hospitalization rates for primary care-sensitive cardiovascular diseases indicates, in addition to other factors, improved access and quality of primary healthcare actions, especially for residents aged 55-74 years, and also for women whose decline was more pronounced. The health team should implement actions to prevent chronic disease complications, and consequently hospitalizations for men and for angina, in order to eliminate health disparities.
DISCUSSING OBSTETRIC VIOLENCE THROUGH THE VOICES OF WOMEN AND HEALTH PROFESSIONALS
Authors: Oliveira Virgínia Junqueira , Penna Cláudia Maria de Mattos
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the discourses of women and health professionals regarding care during childbirth, considering the situations experienced and the interactions between them during labor and delivery. Method: this is an interpretative study with a qualitative approach. Discourse Analysis was used as the research method. The research scenarios were seven maternity hospitals, belonging to the public network of the Central-West region of Minas Gerais. Interviews were conducted with 36 laboring mothers, 10 midwives and 14 obstetricians. The collected data were submitted to discourse analysis. Results: the data were organized into three categories: 1) Witnessed obstetric violence described in the discourse of the midwife: which discusses that even acknowledging the presence of this, they talk of the difficulty of guaranteeing the rights of the mother in labor in the scenario of childbirth; 2) Today everything is obstetric violence: it shows the denial of the existence of this phenomenon in the professional-patient relationship; 3) Here we have no voice: obstetric violence is present, but there is a certain consent the part of women who, in the presence of the birth, forget the way they received assistance. Conclusion: hostile treatment is one of the obstacles of the humanization of childbirth care, interfering with the choice of delivery method, and it is necessary to review the concept of obstetric violence, considering all its specifics and nuances.
Indicadores de Avaliação das Compras da Agricultura Familiar para Alimentação Escolar no Paraná, Santa Catarina e São Paulo
Authors: Baccarin José Giacomo , Triches Rozane Marcia , Teo Carla Rosane Paz Arruda , Silva Denise Boito Pereira da
Published: July 2017

Resumo: O objetivo é propor uma sistematização de diversas variáveis que contribuam para a avaliação das compras da agricultura familiar para a alimentação escolar, apresentando resultados para o Paraná, Santa Catarina e São Paulo. Procurou-se verificar a eficiência das Chamadas Públicas (CPs) em alcançar o público pretendido, a eficácia em contribuir para maior volume de compras dos agricultores familiares (AFs) e maior consumo de produtos in natura e menos processados, bem como a efetividade relativa aos efeitos na renda e organização dos agricultores. Os dados foram coletados de CPs, contratos de fornecimento e prestações de contas das prefeituras. Verificou-se que o cumprimento da legislação vem crescendo, embora o número potencial de agricultores familiares atendíveis seja relativamente pequeno na maioria dos municípios. Os preços são mais altos que em mercados convencionais e, nas compras, predominam produtos vegetais in natura ou com baixo grau de processamento, beneficiando escolares e agricultores familiares. Contudo, em vários casos as CPs apresentam debilidades, como a falta de informações, a frequência e o número de locais de entrega e os preços a serem pagos, o que prejudica a organização dos AFs e a eficiência do processo. Observou-se estímulo ao aumento da formalidade jurídica e de organização dos agricultores.
Nitrogen and phosphorus flux from the production of Nile tilapia through the application of environmental indicators
Authors: Osti J. A. S. , Moraes M. A. B. , Carmo C. F. , Mercante C. T. J.
Published: July 2017

Abstract We aimed in this study utilize environmental indicators as a quantitative method to evaluate and discuss the nitrogen (TN) and phosphorus (TP) flux by a production stage grow-out (termination) of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in fishpond. The TN and TP load, the mass balance, the input of TN and TP via feed and the converted nutrients in fish biomass are the environmental indicators applied in this study. During the production cycle (128 days), the system exported 15,931 g TN and 4,189 g TP that were related to the amount of feed supplied (r Pearson = 0.8825 and r = 0.8523, respectively), corroborated by the feed conversion ratio (1.61:1). The indicators showed that 26% TN and 45% TP were reversed into fish biomass, 62% TN and 40% TP were retained in the fishpond, and 12% TN and 15% TP were exported via effluent. The largest contribution of nutrients generated by the system and exported via effluent was observed in phase III and IV. This result is supported by the feed conversion ratio 2.14 and 2.21:1 obtained at this phase, a fact explained by the amount of feed offered and the fish metabolism. Application of environmental indicators showed to be an efficient tool to quantify flux of TN and TP produced during the grow-out period of Nile tilapia and therefore, guide management practices more sustainable. Concerning the environmental sustainability of the activity the implementation of best management practices such as the better control of the feed amount offered would lead to a smaller loss of TN and TP to the water. Furthermore, the use of better quality feeds would allow greater nutrient assimilation efficiency.
Mathematical modeling of pequi pulp drying and effective diffusivity determination
Authors: Sousa Elisabete P. de , Figueirêdo Rossana M. F. de , Gomes Josivanda P. , Queiroz Alexandre J. de M. , Castro Deise S. de , Lemos Danielle M.
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to study the drying kinetics of pequi pulp by convective drying at different conditions of temperature (50, 60, 70 and 80 °C) and thickness (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 cm) at the air speed of 1.0 m s-1, with no addition of adjuvant. The experimental data of pequi pulp drying kinetics were used to plot drying curves and fitted to the models: Midilli, Page, Henderson & Pabis and Newton. Effective diffusivity was calculated using the Fick’s diffusion model for a flat plate. It was found that, with increasing thickness, the drying time increased and, with increasing temperature, the drying time was reduced. The Midilli model showed the best fit to the experimental data of pequi pulp drying at all temperatures and thicknesses, presenting higher coefficients of determination (R2), indicating that this model satisfactorily represents the pequi pulp drying phenomenon. There was a trend of increase in the effective diffusivity with the increase in pulp layer thickness and temperature.
Studies of the floral biology of neotropical Nymphaeaceae. 3
Authors: Prance Ghillean T. , Anderson Anthony B.
Published: July 2017

Abstract A field study of the floral biology of two species of Nymphaea (Nymphaeaceae) wp.s made. N. rudgeana G.F.W. Meyer, a night flowering species, was studied around Manaus and Belém. It is visited by the scarab beetle Cyclocephala castanea Oliv. in the Manaus vicinity and by C. verticalis Burm. in the Belém vicinity. N. rudgeana is protogynous and cross-pollination is quite frequent. N. ampla (Salisb.) DC., a day flowering species, was studied near Salvador, Bahia. This species is visited by the bee species Trigona spinipes. N. ampla is not protogynous and is largely self-fertilized, although a small amount of cross-fertilization may occur through the activity of the Trígona bees.