bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Northern Hemisphere Atmospheric Blocking in CMIP6 Climate Projections Using a Hybrid Index
Authors: Lohmann Richard , Purr Christopher , Ahrens Bodo
Published: October 2024

Atmospheric blocking is quantified by a variety of different blocking indices. Here, the index by Davini et al. (DAV12) is modified to a hybrid index by additionally considering the extent of the blocking anticyclone. Applying both indices, the DAV12 and the hybrid index, to the twentieth-century reanalyses, the ERA-20C and the 20CRv3 (hereafter 20CR) ensemble reveals large differences between the reanalyses. The annual blocking frequency increases widespread and significantly in ERA-20C, but only regionally and nonsignificantly in the 20CR ensemble mean. Trend analysis reveals higher reliability of the 20CR ensemble mean than ERA-20C blocking results. Seasonally, the changes in summer blocking are most pronounced and significantly positive around Greenland. The CMIP6-mean historical climate simulation agrees well in magnitude with 20CR during the period 1900–2014, with some underestimation of blocking frequency in the last decades related to inconsistent trends. For a future climate, the average of the CMIP6 models projects a decrease in blocking frequency in major parts of the Northern Hemisphere in summer and in winter. A CMIP6 subset of models which agree best with reanalyses shows a less negative future trend. Because of the mismatch of historical trends, especially in summer, the future projections are uncertain.
Comparing the Atmospheric Responses to Reduced Arctic Sea Ice, a Warmer Ocean, and Increased CO2 and Their Contributions to Projected Change at 2°C Global Warming
Authors: Yu Hao , Screen James A. , Xu Mian , Hay Stephanie , Catto Jennifer L.
Published: October 2024

We consider the combined and individual influences of Arctic sea ice loss, sea surface temperature (SST) warming, and the direct radiative effect of increased CO2 on the Northern Hemispheric climate. The surface climate (e.g., temperature and precipitation) and atmospheric circulation responses (e.g., sea level pressure and wind) to these drivers are quantified using simulations from the Polar Amplification Model Intercomparison Project (for sea ice loss and SST warming) and the Cloud Feedback Model Intercomparison Project (for increased CO2). We verify the linear additivity of the PAMIP-derived winter responses to sea ice loss and SST change. The responses to SST change are of greater magnitude than that due to sea ice loss or due to CO2 direct radiative forcing in most seasons and regions, excluding the Arctic. Notably, however, sea ice loss is at least as important as SST change for the winter atmospheric circulation response over the North Atlantic and Siberia. The dynamical responses to sea ice loss and SST change oppose each other in many regions in winter, while the responses to SST and CO2 direct radiative forcing are often opposing in summer. Such opposing responses are less evident for the thermodynamical response. The sum of all three responses reproduces well the spatial patterns of change at 2°C global warming in winter and autumn in phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project projections but overestimates their magnitude.
The Effect of Southern Ocean Topography on the Global MOC and Abyssal Water Mass Distribution
Authors: Monkman Tatsu , Jansen Malte F.
Published: October 2024

We investigate the role of Southern Ocean topography and wind stress in the deep and abyssal ocean overturning and water mass composition using a suite of idealized global ocean circulation models. Specifically, we address how the presence of a meridional ridge in the vicinity of Drake Passage and the formation of an associated Southern Ocean gyre influence the water mass composition of the abyssal cell. Our experiments are carried out using a numerical representation of the global ocean circulation in an idealized two-basin geometry under varying wind stress and Drake Passage ridge height. In the presence of a low Drake Passage ridge, the overall strength of the meridional overturning circulation is primarily influenced by wind stress, with a topographically induced weakening of the middepth cell and concurrent strengthening of the abyssal cell occurring only after ridge height passes 2500 m. Passive tracer experiments show that a strengthening middepth cell leads to increased abyssal ventilation by North Atlantic water masses, as more North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) enters the Southern Ocean and then spreads into the Indo-Pacific. We repeat our tracer experiments without restoring in the high-latitude Southern Ocean in order to identify the origin of water masses that circulate through the Southern Ocean before sinking into the abyss as Antarctic Bottom Water. Our results from these “exchange” tracer experiments show that an increasing ridge height in Drake Passage and the concurrent gyre spinup lead to substantially decreased NADW-origin waters in the abyssal ocean, as more surface waters from north of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) are transferred into the Antarctic Bottom Water formation region.

Significance Statement

The objective of this study is to investigate how topographic features in the Southern Ocean can affect the overall structure of Earth’s large-scale ocean circulation and the distribution of water masses in the abyssal ocean. We focus on the Southern Ocean because the region is of central importance for exchange between the Atlantic and Indo-Pacific Ocean basins and for CO2 and heat uptake into the abyssal ocean. Our results indicate that Southern Ocean topography plays a major role in the overall circulation by 1) controlling the direct transfer of abyssal waters from the Atlantic to the Indo-Pacific via its influence on the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation and 2) controlling the coupling between the abyssal ocean and surface waters north of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current via the Southern Ocean gyre.
A critical appraisal of the Hashin failure criterion
Authors: Li Shuguang , Sitnikova Elena
Published: October 2024

The Hashin criterion is one the most popular failure criteria for fibre reinforce composites. It is critically appraised in this paper. The most significant feature of the criterion is failure modes introduced and the assumption that failure is determined by the traction on the failure plane. For this assumption, there has never been any justification provided in the literature, except the available arguments in the Mohr criterion, where the concept of plane failure as opposed to point failure was first introduced based on this assumption. However, the arguments there were applicable only to isotropic materials and, even so, they are not without exceptions. As contradictions to the assumption in the context of composite failure, three relatively simple cases have been considered in this paper, supported by physical evidence. In each case, failure is observed in a plane on which traction vanishes completely, to which the failure cannot be attributed. The assumption is therefore unfounded both theoretically and physically for anisotropic materials, which dismisses the validity of the Hashin criterion in turn.
Prisoner Health and Well-Being in Historical Perspective, 1850–1900: Exploring Experiences of Illness and Disability in the Victorian Convict System
Authors: Turner Jo , Johnston Helen
Published: October 2024

Using historical and archival methodological approaches, this article provides an interdisciplinary empirical study of health experiences of prisoners in the Victorian convict prison in England and Wales. It explores the challenges of doing historical criminological work on prisoner health and disability. The article examines the health of long-term prisoners, those serving sentences of penal servitude and their interactions and treatment by the Prison Medical Officers in the system. Reflecting society outside, the prison population was drawn from populations that had experienced childhood illness, workplace accidents and war and therefore had to accommodate those suffering from both short- and long-term health issues. Using historical documentation and case studies of individual prisoners, this article highlights not only the deep scepticism the system had for those they saw as ‘malingerers’, but also the recognition that some people could not endure the full force of the prison labour regime.
The COVID-19 Pandemic as a Historical Event: An Analysis of U.S. History Textbooks
Authors: Journell Wayne
Published: October 2024

This study focuses on how four U.S. History textbooks portrayed the COVID-19 pandemic as a recent historical event. The findings from the study suggest that the textbooks provided a disjointed narrative that did not fully explain aspects of the pandemic, such as why COVID-19 caused so much societal upheaval. The textbooks also often dodged significant questions about the origin of the virus and societal lessons learned from the U.S. pandemic response. As such, the article concludes by arguing that these “first drafts of history” will do little to help future generations think critically about the COVID-19 pandemic.
Measuring Religious Evil: Examining the Use of Single-Item Measures in Religious Research
Authors: Clark Tom , Desmond Scott A. , Bader Christopher D.
Published: October 2024

Multiple-item indexes are ubiquitous within the sociology of religion. However, there are a growing number of articles in other disciplines that have advocated the use of single-item measures in specific circumstances. Using quantitative survey data taken from the United Kingdom, this paper contributes to this literature by exploring the impact of single and multiple item measures of religious evil on a series of social and political attitudes. The findings suggest that belief in the devil is the most consistent predictor within a multiple-item measure of religious evil and the multiple-item measure does not significantly outperform single-item measures. Indeed, the item “most evil in the world is caused by the devil” could be a more efficient measure of religious evil, particularly where it is combined with religious attendance. While further cross-cultural research on the impact of belief in religious evil remains necessary, the paper also finds some evidence to suggest that exploration of more secular beliefs in evil might be advantageous.
Appropriate dose of tranexamic acid in the topical treatment of anterior epistaxis, 500 mg vs 1000 mg: A double-blind randomized controlled trial
Authors: Arikan Cüneyt , Akyol Pınar Yeşim
Published: October 2024

Aims:

Patients with epistaxis typically visit the emergency department for initial treatment. According to recent studies, tranexamic acid (TXA) is effective in the treatment of epistaxis. This study compared the therapeutic superiority of saline to that of 500 and 1000 mg doses of topical TXA for the treatment of anterior epistaxis.

Materials and methods:

This phase 4 clinical trial was a randomized, controlled, and double-blind trial. A total of 152 patients were divided into three groups. Group 1 was treated with 1000 mg TXA, Group 2 with 500 mg TXA, and Group 3 with saline.

Results:

Based on multinomial logistic regression analysis, the bleeding frequency at the 5th minute was 2.9 times and rebleeding status was 4.3 times less in Group 1 (1000 mg TXA) than in Group 3 (saline). There were no differences between the three groups in terms of side effects or salvage therapy.

Conclusion:

In addition to its superiority in treatment, 1000 mg of TXA is recommended because of the decreased rate of recurrent bleeding and low incidence of side effects.
A voltage mode grounded capacitance multiplier with widely tunable gain for ultra-low cutoff frequency filter
Authors: Li Yan
Published: October 2024

A voltage mode capacitance multiplier for ultra-low frequency physiological signal processing is designed with a circuit model. With the proposed multiplier, a filter can achieve a cutoff frequency of 12 mHz with a 1 pF basic capacitance and a 10 kΩ resistor. The corresponding multiplication factor will be 1.35 × 109. By changing the controlling terminal, the multiplication factor can be widely tuned from 1950 to 1.35 × 109 and the corresponding filter cutoff frequency will be from 12 mHz to 8.15 kHz. According to the circuit model, to further increase the multiplication factor to decrease the chip area, more multiplication stages can be added to the feedback loop.
Research status and prospect of flexible optimization design methodology of propeller CNC polishing machines
Authors: Liu Shihao , Lin Mao , Bai Youjun
Published: October 2024

Among the components of high-tech ships, the structural complexity of the propeller profile requires a high degree of flexibility in the CNC polishing machine. In addressing this requirement, the study formulates the flexible optimization problem pertaining to research on the propeller CNC polishing machine. A comprehensive analysis is undertaken to scrutinize the geometric features of the propeller and the phenomenon of polished contact. The propeller profile-polishing head dynamic contact mechanism is revealed, and the contact force characteristics of propeller polishing are obtained. It is suggested that the propeller configuration-process-polishing machine structure coupling mechanism be explored under the influence of polishing contact force. Subsequently, a dynamic model of the propeller CNC polishing process is formulated. Based on the above model, a simulation of the motion personification and structural flexibility of the propeller CNC polishing machine is proposed to obtain dynamic personification and flexibility rules. Integrating polishing contact force characteristics with dynamic personification and flexibility rules, the dynamic flexible collaborative optimization principle of the propeller CNC polishing machine is revealed. On this basis, multi-objective optimization modeling and solving are carried out, forming a new method for the flexible optimization design of propeller CNC polishing machines.
Sliding mode control with self-adaptive parameters of a 5-DOF hybrid robot
Authors: Zhao Yanqin , Wu Mingkun , Mei Jiangping , Zhao Wen , Jin Yan
Published: October 2024

Due to the advantages of high stiffness, high precision, high load capacity and large workspace, hybrid robots are applicable to drilling and milling of complicated components with large sizes, for instance car panels. However, the difficulty in establishing an exact dynamic model and external disturbances affect the high accuracy control directly, which will decrease the machining accuracy and thereby affect the machining quality and efficiency of the system. Sliding mode control is an effective approach for high-order nonlinear dynamic systems since that it is very insensitive to disturbances and parameter variations. However, chattering may exist in traditional sliding mode control with fixed parameters, which results from a constant approaching speed. Besides, the approaching speed will affect the chattering strength directly. To solve these problems, a modified sliding mode controller with self-adaptive parameters is proposed to enhance the trajectory-tracking performance of a 5-degree-of-freedom hybrid robot. Firstly, the kinematic model of the robot is established. Then adopting the principle of virtual work, a rigid dynamic model of the robot is built. Based on the built dynamic model, a modified sliding mode control method is developed, of which the approaching speed is dependent on the system state. Finally, the sliding mode controller with self-adaptive parameters is created for a hybrid robot. The proposed sliding mode controller can achieve a rapid approaching speed and suppress chattering simultaneously. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed modified sliding mode controller can achieve a comparatively accurate and smooth trajectory, which owns good robustness to external disturbances.
Influence of nano industrial waste and short coir fiber filler on hybrid inter and intra yarn bio fiber composites
Authors: Kar Sasmita , Pattnaik Sarojrani , Sutar Mihir Kumar
Published: October 2024

Bio-polymer composites are emerging as a feasible substitute for conventional polymers in various major fields of applications. In the current research, the impact of hybridization of inter and intra-woven natural engineering fibers namely, brown flax, white flax, and jute of different amalgamations along with commingled SCF and novel nano IW filler has been studied. The composites are manufactured by hand layup process and physical and thermomechanical characteristics of the composites are experimentally studied. The composites mingled with IW filler demonstrated better dimensional stability and mechanical properties such as maximum tensile strength of 36.74 MPa, bending strength of 82.53 MPa, and hardness of 84.89 D compared to other composites. However, elastic and flexural modulus are maximum for composite without any filler. The composites mingled with SCF filler demonstrated the highest impact strength, energy absorption, and elongation. Thermogravimetric analysis and thermal conductivity study demonstrated that the composite with SCF filler exhibited better thermal stability and thermal resistance than the other hybrid composites. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy study confirms the interaction of hydrogen bonds with different polymers, matrices, and fillers. It is established that the weaving pattern and the filler types greatly influences the mechanical and thermal characteristics of the composites. Filler addition and fabric hybridization optimizes the catastrophic failures and enhances the thermal stability, hence becoming more suitable for small interior structural components in aerospace and automobile applications.
School psychology in Italy: A mixed-method study of actual and desired roles and functions
Authors: Matteucci Maria Cristina , Soncini Annalisa , Floris Francesca , Truscott Stephen D.
Published: October 2024

Investigating the scope of international school psychology practices may promote and influence the globalization of the profession. Although some extant studies assessed the presence and functions of school psychologists internationally, little research to date has focused on Italy. This nation-wide study provides up-to-date information about how psychological services are provided in Italian schools, what services are rendered, what populations and issues are addressed, and analyzes discrepancies between existing and desired situations. Data from the concurrent triangulation (simultaneous) mixed-method research consisted of results from an online survey of 565 Italian psychological service-providers who work in schools and 33 key informants’ interviews (i.e., school psychologists, regional /national board representatives, stakeholders’ key representatives, policymakers). Results indicated that, in the provision of school psychological services in Italy, individual counseling to students is predominant and school-based psychological helpdesk is the most common form of provision of psychological services. However, the desired service delivery model differs substantially from the reality. Implications for the development of school psychology in Italy, in terms of promoting policy design and providing more structured psychological services in schools, are described.
Home Country Work Experience and Immigrant Self-Employment in the United States
Authors: Gutierrez-Li Alejandro
Published: October 2024

Immigrant entrepreneurship in the United States has grown steadily in the last four decades. In this paper, I study the occupational choices of legal permanent residents and their associated earnings in paid and self-employment. Using a unique data set with pre- and postmigration individual-level information, I analyze the role of home country work experience of immigrants in their probability of becoming entrepreneurs and their earnings after migration. To control for endogenous sector selection in the estimation of earnings distributions, I follow a novel identification strategy based on extremal quantile regressions that does not require exclusion restrictions or a large support variable. I find that foreign work experience in paid and self-employment is an important predictor of entrepreneurship after migration. In addition, it impacts earnings in the United States but differently across sectors, controlling for human capital, assimilation, time, region of origin, U.S. destination, previous migratory status, and demographic characteristics. Overall, my results highlight the role played by immigrants’ labor market history from their home countries to better understand their outcomes in the United States.
Net-widening, gap-filling, and shortcut justice: The practice of Community Protection Notices to regulate anti-social behaviour
Authors: Heap Vicky , Black Alex
Published: October 2024

Since being introduced in 2014, Community Protection Notices (CPNs) have changed the anti-social behaviour (ASB) policy landscape in England and Wales. Using Cohen's (1985) net-widening analogy as an analytical framework, we evidence how CPNs are an example of the creeping criminalisation of sub-criminal behaviours from first-wave to second-wave ASB policy. In doing so, we highlight how frontline policing bodies have lowered the behavioural threshold at which ASB enforcement takes place, demonstrate how CPNs are employed to fill gaps to regulate behaviour not traditionally associated with the criminal justice system, and show how CPNs are escalated to a Criminal Behaviour Order in a way that shortcuts due process and results in disproportionate punishment.
Novel selective adsorption cooling materials for heating cigarettes
Authors: Li Chaojian , You Xiaojuan , He Hongmei , Shi Huaibin , Gao Xin , Tang Wei
Published: October 2024

Heated cigarettes are becoming trendy due to their advantage of not burning the tobacco material and thus reducing the amount of harmful ingredients released, while being able to leave the nicotine and tar content of the smoke untouched. However, the high temperature of the smoke as it enters the human mouth can affect the user experience. Therefore, the development of adsorption cooling materials for use in heated cigarettes is gradually becoming a hot topic. In this work, an adsorption cooling material based on embossed rod powder was prepared. It was found that compared with the commercial Yoga cooling material, the embossed rod powder based adsorption cooling material was able to reduce the maximum smoke temperature to 45.16 °C. In addition, it reduced the adsorption of nicotine by the cooling material, and increased the glycerol and nicotine content in the cooled smoke, which effectively promoted the taste of the smoke. Furthermore, the molecular simulation results found that the higher specific surface area and rich microscopic pore structure could increase the heat conduction area of the high-temperature flue gas, which enhanced the heat transfer effect of the flue gas. Finally, the periodic characteristic velocity pulsation destroyed the boundary layer formed by the fluid in the wall region, which increased the convective heat transfer effect between the fluid and the particles. The optimum sample 03 had the largest specific surface area and the lowest crystallinity, and thus had the best cooling effect. This work could provide some reference significance for the development of cooling materials for heating cigarettes.
Comprehensive secondary analysis of thrombotic events in pediatric patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Hughes Tyler B , Treffalls Rebecca N , Koek Wouter , Dalton Heidi , Karam Oliver , Meyer Andrew D
Published: October 2024

Introduction

This study aims to describe laboratory and clinical factors associated with thrombotic events during prolonged pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

Methods

A secondary analysis of a multi-center prospective study performed between 2012 and 2014. Patients under the age of 19 years that received extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for at least 4 days of therapy were included ( n = 385). Univariable analysis and binomial regression were performed to evaluate predictive factors of single and multiple thrombotic events. A posteriori scoring tool was created to categorize thrombotic event severity.

Results

Over 39% of children receiving prolonged ECMO experienced a thrombotic event (TE). Binomial regression demonstrated an association between higher transfused platelet volume (mL/kg) (OR 1.04, CI: 95% 1.01–1.06, p = 0.003), Anti-Xa (OR 5.38, CI: 95% 1.22–23.8, p = 0.026) and aPTT (OR 1.01, CI: 95% 1.00–1.02, p = 0.032) the day prior to TE. Patients experiencing multiple TEs were associated with higher platelet transfusion volume (mL/kg) (OR 1.08, CI: 95% 1.05–1.12, p =< 0.001), antithrombin III (OR 1.03, CI: 95% 1.01–1.04, p = 0.001) and aPTT (OR 1.02, CI: 95% 1.01–1.03, p = 0.009). Patients experiencing multiple thrombotic events had a higher risk of 28-day mortality based on a cumulative clot severity score >4 (OR 2.37 (CI: 95% 1.32–4.24).

Conclusions

Current lab tests show limited sensitivity to predict these events the day prior in a vulnerable patient group, leading to potential ECMO circuit failures. Patients with multiple thrombotic events during ECMO therapy face increased mortality risks, highlighting the need for dynamic reporting tools like clot severity scores and detailed documentation of interventions to enhance understanding and improve outcomes.
Overview of Reviews of Peer-mediated Interventions for Young Children With Disabilities
Authors: Reichow Brian , Song Jinwei
Published: October 2024

Peer-mediated interventions are interventions in which peers without disabilities are systematically taught to engage children with disabilities in positive social interactions, with the aim of helping children with disabilities acquire new, targeted social skills. Peer-mediated interventions have been used to enhance the social and play skills of young children with disabilities for many years and continues to be commonly used with young children with disabilities in classroom settings. Because of the frequent use of peer-mediated interventions, it is important to know the level of empirical support for this instructional practice. The objective of this overview was to evaluate systematic reviews of peer-mediated interventions for young children with or at risk for disabilities under the age of five years old.

This synthesis is an overview of reviews, which is a review method used for evaluating existing research reviews. To complete this overview, we searched electronic databases and other sources for published articles presenting the results of reviews of studies on peer-mediated interventions for young children with or at risk for disabilities under the age of five years old. We then synthesized the findings across reviews to formulate conclusions on the effects of the intervention to make practice recommendations. We searched the literature in October 2023 for articles that presented findings of a systematic review on peer-mediated interventions for young children with or at risk of disabilities under the age of five years old. We located 10 reviews. In the 10 reviews there were 47 studies with 114 young children with a variety of developmental disabilities. In the studies included in the reviews, the peer-mediated interventions typically occurred in natural settings including inclusive classrooms and children’s homes. The findings from all 10 included reviews suggested that peer-mediated interventions were an effective intervention for improving the social development of young children with disabilities. Over 80% of the 47 studies included in the 10 reviews had positive findings. Three reviews conducted a meta-analysis, which is a statistical technique of combining results across studies. All three meta-analyses showed robust results of the peer-mediated intervention. Thus, the use of peer-mediated interventions for children with or at risk of disabilities under the age of five is strongly supported by empirical research. Therefore, peer-mediated interventions should be considered an evidence-based practice for young children with disabilities. As demonstrated in the reviews, the use of peer-mediated interventions was most robust when used with preschool-aged children in inclusive (natural) settings.
Contact-implicit Model Predictive Control: Controlling diverse quadruped motions without pre-planned contact modes or trajectories
Authors: Kim Gijeong , Kang Dongyun , Kim Joon-Ha , Hong Seungwoo , Park Hae-Won
Published: October 2024

This paper presents a contact-implicit model predictive control (MPC) framework for the real-time discovery of multi-contact motions, without predefined contact mode sequences or foothold positions. This approach utilizes the contact-implicit differential dynamic programming (DDP) framework, merging the hard contact model with a linear complementarity constraint. We propose the analytical gradient of the contact impulse based on relaxed complementarity constraints to further the exploration of a variety of contact modes. By leveraging a hard contact model-based simulation and computation of search direction through a smooth gradient, our methodology identifies dynamically feasible state trajectories, control inputs, and contact forces while simultaneously unveiling new contact mode sequences. However, the broadened scope of contact modes does not always ensure real-world applicability. Recognizing this, we implemented differentiable cost terms to guide foot trajectories and make gait patterns. Furthermore, to address the challenge of unstable initial roll-outs in an MPC setting, we employ the multiple shooting variant of DDP. The efficacy of the proposed framework is validated through simulations and real-world demonstrations using a 45 kg HOUND quadruped robot, performing various tasks in simulation and showcasing actual experiments involving a forward trot and a front-leg rearing motion.
Sintering enhancement process based on fluidity and bonding phase strength
Authors: Xue Sheng , Ding Chengyi , Jiang Feng , Chang Rende , Long Hongming , Yu Zhengwei
Published: October 2024

The sintering process is influenced by complex low-grade ores. This study used seven types of imported iron ore, A–F and domestically produced iron ore, G, as raw materials to study their chemical composition, as well as the liquid fluidity and bonding strength of the mixed ore after single and optimised ore blending. The high-temperature characteristic test values of mixed ores are positively correlated with the weighted calculated values of individual ores. Under the sintering cup conditions, the optimal ore mixing includes a 9% increase in liquid fluidity and a 6% increase in bonding strength. The latter significantly improved the sintering yield and drum strength, reaching 75.89% and 65.67%, respectively. In addition, the consumption of solid fuel has slightly decreased by 0.06 kg·t−1, and the utilisation coefficient has slightly increased. In addition, the sintering yield and quality indicators of the scheme have been comprehensively improved. Compared with the benchmark scheme, through liquid fluidity optimisation, an increase in magnetite phase, a decrease in haematite, and a significant decrease in acicular calcium ferrite were observed, interwoven with magnetite. The silicate-bounding iron oxide also showed an increase in this optimisation. In the optimisation of bonding strength, the corrosive structure interwoven with magnetite and needle shaped ferrite significantly increases, while the iron oxide bound with silicate decreases. The improvement effect of liquid phase fluidity and bonding phase strength optimisation on sintering process and mineralisation behaviour was verified through sintering cup test and mineral phase analysis.
A Multi-State Examination of School District Policies to Address Teen Dating Violence
Authors: Richey Ann E. , McMahon Sarah , Adhia Avanti
Published: October 2024

In 2021, 13.6% of United States (U.S.) high school students reported experiencing teen dating violence (TDV). Most states have at least one law for addressing TDV in high schools through policies and/or educational programs. Limited research has been done to analyze the content and variability of school district TDV policies across the U.S., and its association with TDV victimization. Twenty-three large urban school districts across the U.S. were included in the analysis. School district TDV policies were obtained through an online search and were coded for the presence or absence of information pertaining to the scope, prevention education, response to TDV, and implementation of the policy. Self-reported TDV victimization was also obtained for each school district from the 2021 Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Overall, 18 school districts had a written TDV policy available online, with 15 school districts defining TDV in the policy. In terms of prevention education, only two school districts used culturally responsive language for diverse populations in the policy. Although 17 school districts included disciplinary consequences for TDV perpetration in the policy, only 6 school districts specified the consequences. All school districts with a TDV policy designated a liaison for TDV coordination. Overall, the prevalence and odds of self-reported TDV victimization was higher in school districts without a TDV policy compared to school districts with a TDV policy. Although most of the school districts had a TDV policy, there was substantial variation in the content of these TDV policies. Identifying and addressing gaps in school district TDV policies can potentially lead schools to preventing and responding to TDV more comprehensively, ultimately creating safer school environments.
Association Between Antipsychotic Medication Use and Dementia Risk in Patients With Schizophrenia or Schizoaffective Disorder
Authors: Veeramachaneni Kirti , Wang Yuzhi , Grossberg George , Salas Joanne , Scherrer Jeffrey F.
Published: October 2024

Objective

To determine the association between antipsychotic prescriptions and incident dementia in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder.

Methods

In this retrospective cohort study, Cox Proportional hazard models estimated the association between antipsychotic prescriptions and incident dementia in participants ≥50 years of age with a schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder diagnosis over 12 years. Confounding was controlled by E-balance.

Results

Cumulative dementia incidence was significantly greater among those with an antipsychotic prescription compared to those without (7.9% vs 5.5%, P < 0.0001). After controlling for confounding, antipsychotic prescriptions were associated with a 92% increased risk for dementia (HR = 1.92; 95% CI:1.13-3.27). This association was not significant among those aged ≥65 years. Antipsychotic prescription type (eg, first generation, yes or no) did not affect dementia risk but prescription number did.

Conclusion

Antipsychotic prescriptions were associated with almost twice the incidence of dementia compared to patients without in those with schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder.
A Proposed Algorithm for the Pharmacological Treatment of Generalized Anxiety Disorder in the Older Patient
Authors: Chen Anderson , Metzger Eran , Lee Soyoung , Osser David
Published: October 2024

Background

This is a new algorithm from the Psychopharmacology Algorithm Project at the Harvard South Shore Program, focused on generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in older adults. Pertinent articles were identified and reviewed.

Results

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are considered to be first-line medications, with a preference for sertraline or escitalopram. If avoiding sexual side effects is a priority, buspirone is an option for the relatively healthy older adult. If response is inadequate, the second recommended trial is with a different SSRI or one of the serotonin-norepinephrine update inhibitors (SNRIs), venlafaxine or duloxetine. For a third medication trial, additional alternatives added to the previous options now include pregabalin/gabapentin, lavender oil, and agomelatine. If there is an unsatisfactory response to the third option chosen, quetiapine may be considered. We recommend caution with the following for acute treatment in this population: benzodiazepines and hydroxyzine. Other agents given low priority but having some supportive evidence were vilazodone, vortioxetine, mirtazapine, and cannabidiol. Acknowledging that the median age of onset of GAD is in early adulthood, many patients with GAD will have been started on benzodiazepines (or other medications that require caution in the elderly) for GAD at a younger age. These medications may be continued with regular observation to see if the potential harms are starting to exceed the benefits and a switch to other recommended agents may be justified.
Vehicle platoon safety considering the vehicle cut-in: A coupled reinforcement learning and model predictive control approach
Authors: Yang Taiping , Li Peiqing , Li Qipeng , Zhang Shunfeng , Li Zhuoran
Published: October 2024

A longitudinal platoon control method based on Twin Delayed Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (TD3) and Model Predictive Control (MPC) is proposed to solve the problems of low following efficiency and system instability in longitudinal platoon control. Firstly, Dynamic Bayesian Network (DBN) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network are introduced to identify the driving behavior of bystanders and derive the MPC objective constraint function containing three indicators of following, comfort and fuel consumption according to the platoon dynamics equation. Secondly, the system prediction model and cost function are introduced into the action-critic network of TD3 to solve the problem of no model training in the traditional TD3 algorithm and to speed up the training speed and accuracy of the network. On this basis, a Bellman equation is proposed to calculate the time-domain difference error and the expected loss function to solve the TD3 network overestimation problem. Finally, the joint simulation platform is built to simulate the platoon driving conditions and compare with the DDPG optimization algorithm and the traditional MPC algorithm respectively. The results show that the improved TD3-MPC algorithm satisfies the constraints and the spacing error is controlled within 0.3 m, and the vehicle speed changes more smoothly in the scenario of speed fluctuation in the front vehicle, and the ride comfort of the platoon is improved, and it has better robustness in the scenario of vehicle cut-in. The experimental results show that when the vehicle speeds are 20, 40, and 60 km/h, compared to MPC, the average spacing errors are reduced by 27.56%, 25.64%, and 28.04%, respectively, and compared to DDPG-MPC, the average spacing errors are reduced by 6.59%, 8.77%, and 7.86%, respectively.
Assessing economic efficiency of driving behavior within traffic flow dynamics
Authors: Zhou Weiqi , Zhao Hai , Pan Chaofeng , Shi Dehua , Fei Majun
Published: October 2024

The widespread adoption of electric vehicles has a positive impact on energy conservation and emission reduction, significantly contributing to sustainable development. This paper proposes an economic evaluation method for drivers’ driving behaviors based on actual operational data of pure electric vehicles. This method aims to eliminate the influence of traffic conditions on the evaluation results, ensuring that the outcomes solely reflect the economic efficiency level of drivers’ behaviors. Initially, short trips are identified and traffic conditions are classified and identified based on real vehicle data. A random forest identification model is established to recognize the traffic conditions of short trips in real-time. Subsequently, characteristic variables are selected and calculated. Pearson correlation analysis wand Spearman correlation analysis are utilized to identify variables strongly correlated with energy consumption and traffic conditions, which are then used as evaluation indicators. Finally, eco-scores are calculated using the energy consumption per unit mileage for short trip segments under different traffic conditions. A neural network model is established and trained between the evaluation indicators and eco-scores, enabling real-time evaluation of the economic efficiency of drivers’ driving behaviors. The evaluation method proposed in this paper can objectively assess the economic efficiency of driving behavior, facilitating drivers to improve their driving practices based on their evaluation results.
Innovative methods in the construction of digital twin factory
Authors: Liu Dongmei , Tarelnyk Viacheslav
Published: October 2024

The digital twin factory is the digital twin model of the physical factory. It can accurately reflect the physical world. In the early stage of building an intelligent factory, it is very meaningful to design a digital twin model of a physical factory through process planning, logistics optimization, layout planning, and so on, to shorten the time of building and debugging a physical factory. This paper takes the construction of an intelligent factory for laptop assembly as an example. Firstly, construct the model of the laptop disassembly/assembly graph. Because assembly is the reverse process of disassembly, the algorithm is used to plan the assembly sequence of the laptop. After that, the digital twin model of the laptop assembly line according to the laptop assembly process sequence. Subsequently, time series optimization was used to optimize the bottleneck process of the model, resulting in a 424% increase in output. Lastly, we explain the modules and steps used to build the physical laptop factory. This paper innovatively takes the laptop assembly process sequence as the main line of factory construction and takes the bottleneck process time chain optimization as the breakthrough of capacity improvement, which verifies the important role and significance of digital twin factories in constructing intelligent factories. It provides a basis for the promotion and application of digital twin technology in constructing intelligent factories.
Should psychology adopt Bhaskar’s critical realist philosophy of science?
Authors: Haig Brian D.
Published: October 2024

Robert Archer argues that psychology should abandon its use of Karl Popper’s philosophy of science. He recommends that psychology ought to adopt the philosophy of critical realism in its place. I put Archer’s concern with Popper to one side and provide a selective critique of mainstream critical realism, in the light of some developments in contemporary philosophy of science. I express some misgivings about the ontological commitments of Roy Bhaskar’s critical realism, and comment on the limitations of his DREI(C) model of scientific inquiry. In doing so, I also respond to a number of critical remarks Archer makes about replication in psychology.
Replicating is difficult but necessary, and methodology can help
Authors: Trafimow David
Published: October 2024

Archer advised psychology researchers to reject replication and experimentalism. The present comment counters Archer’s recommendations. Researchers should be more, not less, concerned with methodology to improve the quality of replication attempts and more convincingly test theories.
On the estimation of population size—A comparison of capture-recapture and multiplier-benchmark methods
Authors: Wang Jianing , Kline David M , White Laura Forsberg
Published: October 2024

Approaches to population size estimation are of importance across a wide spectrum of disciplines, especially when census and simple random sampling are impractical. The capture-recapture method and the multiplier-benchmark method are two commonly used approaches that use data that partially capture the target population and overlap in a known way. Due to similarities in required data structures, the approaches are often used interchangeably without a critical appraisal of the underlying assumptions, especially in the two-sample case. Here, we describe the similarities and differences of the sampling mechanisms and assumptions underlying both approaches. We emphasize that the capture-recapture method assumes data sources as random samples and describes two-way inclusion histories, while in multiplier-benchmark method, one source captures a fixed sub-population, and the one-way inclusion histories are modeled. We also discuss the implications of these differences through simulation and real data to guide the choice of method in practice. A careful study of the data structures, relationships, and data generation processes is crucial for assessing the appropriateness of using these methods.
Newborn screening for biliary atresia using direct bilirubin: An implementation science study
Authors: Rabbani Tebyan , Shah Jay
Published: October 2024

Objective

Biliary atresia (BA) is a liver disease of infancy characterized by obstruction of the biliary tree. Infants with BA have the best outcomes when identified early and the Kasai portoenterostomy is performed before 45 days of life (DoL). In our hospital system, the average age at Kasai was 60 DoL. To address the problem of late presentation, we implemented a two-stage BA screening strategy utilizing direct bilirubin (DB).

Methods

New institutional policies were established that all newborns were tested at 24–48 h of life, and those with levels ≥0.5 mg/dL were followed further. The infant's primary care provider was contacted to recommend a repeat DB at 2 weeks of life. If the repeat DB was ≥1.0 mg/dL, the patient was evaluated by gastroenterology.

Results

Over the 16 months, 3880 infants were born and 3861 (99.5%) were screened; 53 infants (1.3%) had DB levels ≥0.5 mg/dL initially. Upon repeat testing at 2 weeks, there were three groups of infants: not retested ( n = 1), retested <1.0 mg/dL ( n = 40), and retested ≥1.0 mg/dL ( n = 12). The average time to be seen by gastroenterology was 4.3 days or 18.3 DoL.

Discussion

The screening included a series of steps that needed to be implemented effectively. Screening had a net false positive rate of 0.3% (12 out of 3861) and identified causes of cholestasis other than BA. BA was excluded by 28 DoL on average. Our results can provide a template for other institutions interested in implementing a BA screening protocol in their practice.
Indianising Psychology: Furthering the Legacy of Durganand Sinha
Authors: Singh Kundan
Published: October 2024

Written as a commentary on an article penned by Durganand Sinha (1965) for the Journal of Humanistic Psychology, this article of mine shows that he was a true visionary in proposing the integration of Indian psychological thought with modern psychology—the credit for which is almost non-existent in the mainstream psychological literature. Post the publication of his article, there have been certain developments in the West in the growth of the discipline of consciousness studies, which explicitly bear the mark of his contentions. As far as India is concerned, he most certainly influenced the growth of Indian psychology, which this article elucidates by going into its history. Finally, my own publications in the field of Indian psychology show an inadvertent connection with a couple of his enunciations, which allows me to argue and explicate that the legacy that he has left behind lingers on.