bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hannah Arendt Platónról és a politikai filozófia hagyományáról
Authors: Balogh László Levente
Published: March 2022

A II. világháború után a liberális demokráciák történelmi összeomlása és a totalitárius rendszerek felemelkedése miatt új utakat és fogalmakat kellett keresni a politika értelmének újragondolásához. Az új jelenségeket már nem lehetett megragadni és leírni a hagyomány kategóriáival, ez azonban nem jelentette azt, hogy le lehetne mondani annak tanulmányozásáról. Az újragondolásnak számos irányzata volt, amelyek közül az egyik legmarkánsabb és legnagyobb hatású az, amelyet az egykori német emigránsok fémjeleztek. Gondolkodásukat alapvetően meghatározta, hogy a totalitárius rendszereket – legalábbis részben – a modern politikai filozófia következményének tekintették, ezért a politikáról való gondolkodás eredendőbb, antik gyökereihez tértek vissza. Hannah Arendtet általában neoarisztoteliánus gondolkodónak tekintik, de gondolkodásában Platón, még ha negatív értelemben is, de legalább olyan fontos szerepet játszott. Arendt Platón gondolkodásában vélte felfedezni azoknak a jelenségeknek az eredetét, amelyek a fi lozófi át a polisszal és a politikával szemben ellenségessé tették, és ezzel annak egész hagyományát meghatározták.
A klasszikus eszméje : A kortárs politikaelmélet egyik forrásáról
Authors: Horváth Szilvia
Published: March 2022

A politikai gondolkodás történetében, és ez igaz a jelenre is, a klasszikus forrásokhoz való visszanyúlás időről időre jellemző. Jelen elméleti vizsgálódás esetei alá azok tartoznak, amelyekben a klasszikus, tehát elsősorban a görög, illetve római politikai gondolkodás, praxis és intézmények beemelése a kortárs politikaelmélet-írásba nem illusztratív funkciójú, hanem az elméletalkotás jellemző módja. A klasszikus jelentése, funkciója, a benne lévő lehetőségek, valamint határai egy sajátos politikaelmélet-alkotás karakterjegyeit, módszertani típusú jellemzőit tárják fel. E politikai filozófia bizonyos fajta múlthoz visszanyúló, de kortárs elméletalkotás, amely természetesen maga is többféle irányzatot képes magában foglalni, és nyitott a jövő felé is. Elemzésem, amely egyben eme elméletalkotás irányára vonatkozó javaslat is, a klasszikus lehetőségfeltáró képességére fókuszál. Mindazonáltal a klasszikus lehetőségteremtő, innovatív aspektusa mellett jelen vannak annak hagyományos jelentései is mintegy potenciális ellenmozgásokként, mint például az érzelmeket megmozgató otthonosság. Ennek az elméletalkotásnak a belső, önmagára irányuló reflexív feladata a kettő kiegyensúlyozása és a gondolkodás lehetőségeinek a fenntartása.
A politikai vezetés narratív konstrukciója : A magyarországi politikai vezetéskutatási munkák konstruktivista olvasata
Authors: Árpási Botond
Published: March 2022

E tanulmány a hazai politikai vezetéssel foglalkozó munkákat kívánja áttekinteni egy szociálkonstruktivista politikatudományi szemléleti mód alapján. Az írás feltételez egyfajta „elektív affinitást” a konstruktivizmus interszubjektivitásra fókuszáló felfogása és a vezetés formatív erejét hangsúlyozó megközelítés között. E fogalom nem pusztán lehetővé teszi a magyarországi kutatások rendszerezését, strukturálását, de általa elméleti szinten is jobban megragadhatóvá válnak a hazai hangsúlyos irányok jellemző vonásai. Ugyanis e diskurzus sajátossága a politikai vezetés voluntarizmusát és leadership jellegét előtérbe helyező szemlélet egyfelől, s visszatérő konstruktivista előfeltevések megfogalmazása másfelől. Mindez egy konstruktivista olvasatban azt jelenti, hogy a társadalmi és politikai valóság nyelvi-diszkurzív alakításában a politikai vezetők kiemelt szerepet játszanak, így a jelentéses társadalmi valóságot nagymértékben a vezetői történetek hozzák létre.
Mozgó törésvonalak a magyar politikai térben : Hogyan lett a két ellenzékből egy a választói térelmélet szerint?
Authors: Péli Gábor
Published: March 2022

A magyar politika talányos eleme a jobbszélt uraló ellenzéki párt sok éve meghirdetett középre vándorlása. 2020 végéig nem történt a politikai térbeli koordináták számottevő változásában is megmutatkozó változás a bal-liberális és Jobbikos ellenzéki tömbök között, míg a kormánypárt és ellenzékek viszonyrendszere lényegesen átalakult. A Downs-féle politikatudományi térelmélet alkalmazásával bemutatható, hogy a 2010-es évtized nagyobbik részén áthúzódó „közeledünk is meg nem is” állapot alatt az ellenzéki tömbök relatív, a kormányoldalhoz viszonyított távolsága csökkent egy új politikai dimenzió uralkodóvá válásával. Ez a relatív közeledés az ellenzéki tömbök átellenes politikai nézeteinek megmaradása mellett is végbemehetett. Az évtized fordulóján ezt egészítette ki végül az álláspontok abszolút értelemben vett, politikai térbeli koordinátákban is megmutatkozó közeledése.
Carl Schmitt-recepció és a demarkációprobléma
Authors: Cs. Kiss Lajos
Published: March 2022

A tanulmány a magyar Schmitt-recepció által felvetett, a politikatudományi megismerés, a politikaelmélet konstrukciója szempontjából alapvető fontosságú tudományelméleti probléma (demarkáció) elemzésére vállalkozik. Bemutatja a Schmitt-kutatás alapjául szolgáló tudományos konszenzust, a kutatás objektivitását potenciálisan fenyegető ideológiai törekvéseket, kísérletet tesz a demarkációprobléma schmitti megoldásának a rekonstrukciójára.
Telaah Maqashid Syariah Terhadap Eksistensi Program Bantuan Pangan Non Tunai (BPNT) Pemerintah dalam Mensejahterahkan Ekonomi Masyarakat
Authors: Anggara Windu , Iqbal Muhammad
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Program Bantuan Pangan Non Tunai (BPNT) Pemerintah or The Government's Non-Cash Food Assistance Program is one of the means and hopes that can help the poor in Indonesia, especially in Patumbak District, Deli Serdang Regency to meet the needs of life in reaching the economic welfare of the community. Allah has given a signal to assist others, both needy and poor. With the perspective of maqashid sharia,  at least  it can open  a window and a way for the poor who receive the assistance program to be able to change behaviour in producing a healthier and smarter generation, wherein the long term with the provision of the Governments'’ Non-Cash Food Assistance Program it is hoped that it can break the intergenerational chain of poverty and make the community independent and wise and not just expecting a helping hand from the government.
cumprimento da Lei nº 13.168 de 6 de outubro de 2015 por cursos de Odontologia do Sul e Sudeste do Brasil
Authors: Faria Luan Viana , Medeiros Yuri de Lima , Fernandes Lopes Danielle , De Oliveira Loures Adriano , Cristina da Silva Rodrigues Gilmara , De Oliveira Milene
Published: March 2022

A Lei nº 13.168, de 6 de outubro de 2015, determina entre outros aspectos, que as Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) brasileiras tragam em seus sítios eletrônicos oficiais informações relativas à matriz curricular e corpo docente do curso ofertado. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a prevalência de cumprimento dessa lei em IES que ofertam o curso de Odontologia, tendo como amostra IES das regiões Sudeste e Sul do país. Para isso, as IES foram catalogadas a partir do portal e-MEC do Ministério da Educação, e posteriormente tiveram seus sítios eletrônicos oficiais acessados. Observou-se então o cumprimento das determinações do artigo, parágrafo, incisos, e alíneas da referida lei. Os dados foram descritos por meio de frequências absolutas e relativas e comparados pelo Teste Exato de Fisher (α=5%). Aplicados os critérios de elegibilidade, 256 IES foram incluídas, sendo 220 IES privadas e 36 públicas. De acordo com os critérios de análise adotados, apenas 3 (1,17%) das IES cumpriram todas as exigências da lei. A disponibilização da lista das disciplinas que compõem a matriz curricular de cada curso foi de 78,1%. Por outro lado, informações relativas ao corpo docente foram disponibilizadas por uma baixa porcentagem de IES, tais como identificação do corpo docente (40,6%), as disciplinas que efetivamente cada docente leciona (13,7%), titulação (30,1%) e tempo de trabalho na IES (8,6%). Do mesmo modo, uma baixa porcentagem foi observada quanto à atualização (11,7%) e data completa da última atualização (14,8%). Em conclusão, a maior parte das IES analisadas não está de acordo com Lei nº 13.168/15, sendo necessário que os coordenadores de curso e gestores estejam atentos à necessidade de adequação dos sítios eletrônicos institucionais.
DELEUZE AND GUATTARI: GEOPHILOSOPHY AND HISTORICAL-GEOGRAPHICAL NARRATIVES OF THE BALKANS
Authors: Mutabdzija Goran
Published: March 2022

Geophilosophy is a
spatial concept that will be applied as a supplement to the geographical
method, with the aim of better understanding the historical-geographical
conditionality in the Central Balkans,
its political-geographical evolution and the variability of
regional-geographical forms.
As a philosophical concept, geophilosophy was created by Deleuze and Guattari
(1995) at the end of their scientific careers. From their philosophical point
of view, Tampio (2014), Protevi (2010), Parr (2010), and others wrote about
their work. This concept also has its geographical dimension, and significant
results have been written about it by Woodward (2017), Bonta (2010), Peet
(1998), and others. All these authors emphasize the importance of the book A
Thousand Plateaus (2013). A form of new materialism with a politicized
"philosophy of differences" was successfully developed, and in which
the meaning of geophilosophy is created through the superposition of layers of
thought. Although indications of geophilosophy can be recognized in Nietzsche's
works, and the whole concept can be interpreted as a philosophical aspect of
geographical (geological) processes, this concept has a far more complex
meaning (poststructuralism). This paper aims to apply geophilosophy as a method
in interpreting complex historical-geographical processes, which, in addition
to their complexity and long duration, can also indicate their certain
regularity. The theoretical basis for this approach is sought through Deleuze's
and Guattari’s (1995: 121) view of the importance of the milieu, the notion
through which they show that "philosophy is a certain geophilosophy just
as, in Braudel’s view, history is a certain geohistory" and that to
present through ancient Greece (allusion to the past of philosophy), modern
Europe (present philosophy), while the process of emergence represents the
future of philosophy. Lundy (2011: 116) interprets this so that exceptional
geographical circumstances determine the nature of thought and that the nature
of each milieu is as historical as it is geographical. In this paper, the miles
of ancient Greece will be transposed to the neighboring Balkans and then
explained through three processes (territorialization, deterritorialization,
and reterritorialization) that will produce recognizable historical and
geographical narratives.
On the role of empathic media digital radicalization
Authors: Ho Tung Manh
Published: March 2022

This report reviews recent studies on the role of empathic media, i.e., media technologies that leverage machine learning techniques to categorize and respond to human emotions, in the process of digital redicalization. Social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, etc., are prime examples of empathic media (McStay, 2018; Bakir and McStay, 2018). This report concludes the rise of empathic media has made the challenges of dealing with radicalization more complex, thus, requiring novel frameworks to make sense and mitigate the transmission of extremist ideologies in an affectively polarized cyberspace. As we highlight the role of social media in driving digital radicalization, we argue the study of digital radicalization in the age of emphatic media must be supplemented by novel methodologies coming from other disciplines. Two candidate disciplines are cultural analytics and computational folkloristics, for they have developed computational methods to explore the transmissions and interactions of motifs, memes, and ideas in text media. As such, the study of digital radicalization in the age of emphatic media can benefit from computational studies on memes or values transmission (Vuong et al., 2018, 2020) or the mindsponge-based analyses originated from Vuong and Napier (2015) of how values are filtered among people who are exposed to violent extremism online (Vuong, Nguyen, and Le, 2021). Exploring novel explanatory mechanisms are the mandates of scientists to solve new social problems and deliver a better understanding as well as solutions to create a more balanced, healthy relationship with technologies (Vuong, 2018, 2019, 2020).
Testing the cognitive niche hypothesis in Brazilians with structural equation modeling: Different dark traits predict an evening-chronotype in males and females
Authors: Porfírio Jonas Caio Costa , Varella Marco Antonio Correa
Published: March 2022

Dark triad (DT) refers to a set of antisocial and self-interested personality traits (Machiavellianism, sub-clinical psychopathy and narcissism). The nocturnal cognitive niche hypothesis suggests that the DT was advantageous in a nocturnal niche because it enables exploitative strategies and would be linked with an evening-oriented chronotype as part of a fast life history strategy. In the present self-report study (N = 300), this hypothesis was tested in a Brazilian sample. It was found that Machiavellianism was a predictor of this chronotype profile in females and secondary psychopathy was a predictor of this profile in males. Also, sex differences were replicated: on average, males exhibited “darker” personalities and more evening-oriented chronotype. Finally, these associations were tested with structural equation modeling controlling for sex and was found that the exploitative “darkcore” (psychopathy and Machiavellianism) predicts an evening-oriented chronotype. These results provide the first support for the nocturnal cognitive niche hypothesis in a non-WEIRD population.
Abrupt shift to El Niño-like mean state conditions in the tropical Pacific during the Little Ice Age
Authors: Prohaska Ana , Seddon Alistair , Meese Bernd , Willis Katherine , Chiang John , Sachse Dirk
Published: March 2022

The mean state of the tropical Pacific ocean-atmosphere climate, in particular its east-west asymmetry, has profound consequences for regional climates and for the El Niño/ Southern Oscillation variability. Here we present a new high-resolution paleohydrological record using the stable-hydrogen-isotopic composition of terrestrial-lipid biomarkers (δDwax) from a 1,400-year-old lake sedimentary sequence from northern Philippines. Results show a dramatic and abrupt increase in δDwax values around 1630 AD with sustained high values until 1900 AD. We interpret this change as a shift to sustained El Niño-like mean state conditions, and consequently, significantly drier conditions in the western tropical Pacific during the second half of the Little Ice Age. Our findings highlight the prominent role of the tropical Pacific in shaping the hydrology of the Tropics during the Little Ice Age and demonstrate that a marked transition in the tropical Pacific mean state can occur within a human lifetime.
Do not burn these gentle bridges: an empirical framework based on the 4E perspective is necessary, pertinent, and timely
Authors: Parada Francisco J. , Palacios-Garcia Ismael
Published: March 2022

A recent opinion article commenting on Palacios-García & Parada (2021) suggested that the target article wished to generate a “new theory of mind” and contained ideas that were “unnecessary”, “not justified” and were “not innovative at all”. Furthermore the commentators consider that “the ideas of radical enactivism can properly accommodate this research”. Here, we address and clarify apprehensions, misreadings, and misunderstandings raised by the commentators.
With an Open Mind: A Review of “Open versus Closed. Personality, Identity, and the Politics of Redistribution” by Johnston, Lavine and Federico
Authors: Bakker Bert N.
Published: March 2022

Review of the book “Open versus Closed: Personality, Identity, and the Politics of Redistribution” by Johnston, Lavine and Federico
Structure of psychopathology in adolescents and its association with high-risk personality traits
Authors: Lynch Samantha J , Sunderland Matthew , Forbes Miriam K. , Teesson Maree , Newton Nicola , Chapman Cath
Published: March 2022

There is increasing empirical support for hierarchical-dimensional models of psychopathology and investigating links with personality traits is a novel and potentially valuable approach to enhance our understanding of the aetiology and structure of psychopathology. The present study examines high-risk personality traits and associations with psychopathology across multiple levels of a hierarchical-dimensional model of psychopathology in a large adolescent, general population sample. A series of confirmatory factor analyses were run using data from two randomized-controlled trials of Australian adolescents (N = 8,654, mean age = 13.01 years, 52% female). A higher-order model—comprised of general psychopathology, fear, distress, alcohol use/harms, and conduct/inattention dimensions—was selected based on model fit, reliability, and replicability. Indirect effects models were estimated to examine the unique relationships between high-risk personality traits (anxiety sensitivity, negative thinking, impulsivity, and sensation seeking) and general and specific dimensions and indicators of psychopathology. All four personality traits were positively associated general psychopathology. After accounting for general psychopathology, anxiety sensitivity was positively associated with fear; negative thinking was positively associated with distress; impulsivity was positively associated with conduct/inattention; and sensation seeking was positively associated with alcohol use/harms and conduct/inattention, but negatively associated with fear. Personality traits also had significant, direct effects on several symptom-level psychopathology indicators after accounting for general and specific psychopathology. These findings have implications for the development of tailored prevention and early intervention programs that leverage personality-based risk assessment and contribute to our understanding of the underlying structure of psychopathology.
Measurement Invariance of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire by Socioeconomic Status and Ethnicity from Ages 3 to 17 years: A Population Cohort Study
Authors: Toseeb Umar , Oginni Olakunle , Rowe Richard , Patalay Praveetha
Published: March 2022

Mental health inequalities along ethnic and socioeconomic groupings are well documented. The extent to which these observed inequalities are genuine or reflect measurement differences is unclear. In the current study we sought to investigate this in a large population-based sample of children and adolescents in the United Kingdom. The main objective of the study was to establish whether the parent-report Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was invariant across ethnicity and socioeconomic status groupings at six time points from 3 to 17 years (maximum N = 17,274). First, we fitted a series of confirmatory factor analysis models to the data and confirmed that the five-factor structure (emotional problems; peer problems; conduct problems; hyperactivity/inattention; and prosocial behaviour) had acceptable fit at ages 5, 7, 11, and 14 years. Next, we tested configural, metric, and scalar invariance at these time points and demonstrated scalar invariance across household income, parent highest education, and ethnicity categories. The five-factor structure did not fit well at ages 3 and 17 years; therefore invariance was not tested at these ages. These findings suggest the parent-report SDQ can be used to measure socioeconomic and ethnic inequalities in mental health from ages 5–14 years but more consideration is required outside these ages.
Sequence representation as an early step in the evolution of language
Authors: Jon-And Anna , Jonsson Markus , Lind Johan , Ghirlanda Stefano , Enquist Magnus
Published: March 2022

Human language is unique in its compositional and sequential form. Language evolution is often explained by advantages of communication. However, it has proven challenging to identify an evolutionary trajectory from a world without language to a world with language, especially while at the same time explaining why such an advantageous trait has not evolved in non-human animals (henceforth animals). Decoding sequential information is necessary for language, making sequence representation a tentative basic requirement for the evolution of language and other uniquely human phenomena. Here, we provide results from formal evolutionary analyses of the utility of sequence representation. Analyses show that sequence representation is exceedingly costly and that current memory systems found in animals may prevent abilities necessary for language to evolve. Furthermore, sequence representation may only evolve when sequential information is abundant and extensive learning opportunities are possible, two conditions likely fulfilled early in human evolution. These results provide a novel, logically plausible trajectory for the evolution of uniquely human cognition and language, and support the hypothesis that human culture is rooted in sequential processing abilities.
Investigating the shared meaning of metaphorical sound attributes: bright, warm, round, and rough
Authors: Rosi Victor , Houix Olivier , Misdariis Nicolas , Susini Patrick
Published: March 2022

Music or sound professionals use specific terminology to communicate about timbre. Some key terms do not come from the sound domain and do not have a clear definition due to their metaphorical nature. This work aims to reveal the shared meaning and to clarify the definition of four well-used timbre attributes: bright, warm, round, and rough. We conducted two complementary studies with French sound and music experts (e.g. composers, sound engineers, sound designers, musicians, etc.). First, we led interviews to gather definitions and instrumental sound examples for the four attributes (N=32). Second, using an online survey, we tested the relevance and consensus on multiple descriptions most frequently evoked during the interviews (N=51). The analysis of the rich corpus of verbalizations from the interviews yielded the main description strategies used by the experts, namely acoustic, metaphorical, and source-related. We also derived definitions for the attributes based on significantly relevant and consensual descriptions according to the survey results. Importantly, the definitions rely heavily on metaphorical descriptions. In sum, this study presents an overview of the shared meaning and perception of four metaphorical timbre attributes in the French language.
Interpersonal Behavior in Assessment Center Role-Play Exercises: Investigating Structure, Consistency, and Effectiveness
Authors: Breil Simon Mats , Lievens Filip , Forthmann Boris , Back Mitja
Published: March 2022

Although the behaviors displayed by assessees are the currency of assessment centers (ACs), they have remained largely unexplored. This is surprising because a better understanding of assessees’ behaviors may provide the missing link between research on the determinants of assessee performance and research on the validity of performance ratings. Therefore, this study draws on behavioral personality science to scrutinize the behaviors that assessees express in interpersonal AC exercises. Our goals were to investigate (a) the structure of interpersonal behaviors, (b) the consistency of these behaviors across AC exercises, and (c) their effectiveness. We obtained videotaped performances of 203 assessees who took part in AC role-plays in a high-stakes context. Apart from assessors’ performance ratings, trained experts also independently coded assessees on over 40 specific behavioral cues in these role-plays (e.g., clear statements, upright posture, freezing). Results were threefold: First, the structure underlying behavioral differences in interpersonal AC exercises was represented by four broad behavioral constructs: agency, communion, interpersonal calmness, and intellectual competence. Second, assessees’ behaviors showed more consistency across exercises than performance ratings did. Third, the behaviors were related to role-play performance and predicted future interpersonal performance. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of this study’s granular, behavior-driven perspective.
Are 10,752 journal articles per year too many?
Authors: McKercher Bob , Dolnicar Sara
Published: March 2022

In 2021, 10,752 refereed tourism, hospitality and event articles appeared in 272 journals. These observations lead to several questions: Do we have too many tourism journals? Are we publishing too many articles? Why are we publishing so many articles? What are the consequences for knowledge development? Is the only solution now individual rebellion – the refusal to accept institutional pressures and focus on producing high-quality contributions to knowledge?
Indian Courts of Law can Benefit Immensely by Adopting Artificial Intelligence Methods for a Speedy and Accurate Justice.
Authors: Rao Arni , Gore Anil
Published: March 2022

A new thrust has emerged under the leadership of Justice Dr. D Y Chandrachud of the Supreme Court to digitize the work of courts [1]. Much progress has been made with consequent relief to plaintiffs and other participants. The possibility of using AI has also been mooted by (retired) Chief Justice of the Supreme Court Mr. Sharad Bobade [2]. Fortunately, there is clarity that AI is to assist and not substitute judges. This aspect of technology does not seem to have made any serious inroads into the judicial system. Whatever the complexities involved in the courts of law, the judges needed to go through a set of rules and constitutional points before passing a judgment on a particular case. In the implementation of a set of rules through AI for passing a judgment for a specific case, there shouldn't be any scope for chance factors. Mathematical logical constructions are like having well-defined rules of law and no scope for subjectivity. Through the present article, we provide a proof of concept of adapting deep learning techniques, especially exact deep learning techniques that can benefit Indian courts of law. Such techniques can be very much useful in relatively simple and routine but very numerous cases to expedite judgments. Even in complicated cases involving arguments and counterarguments, these approaches can play a constructive role. We recommend using such automation for producing draft judgments in a more expeditious and yet equally effective manner in various courts of law in India.
Transforming excellence? From ‘matter of fact’ to ‘matter of concern’ in research funding organizations
Authors: Jong Lisette , Franssen Thomas , Pinfield Stephen
Published: March 2022

Excellence is omnipresent in the research ecosystem but the narrow focus on excellence is increasingly controversial. One of the key actors in the research ecosystems are research funding organizations, yet their activities are comparatively little studied in relation to excellence. This paper aims to contribute to the excellence debate through an empirical study of how notions of excellence are used, and what functions they serve, in eight research funding organizations. Our study shows research funding organizations have recognized critical voices and are taking steps to address some of the problematic aspects of excellence. However, because research funding organizations are shaped by the excellence regime, and constrained by both governmental policy and scientific elites, research funding organizations cannot simply resort to a debunking critique and do away with excellence altogether. In their efforts to navigate their ambiguous relationship to excellence we show that in many of our case study sites the approach to excellence has shifted from it being taken as a ‘matter of fact’, that is rather taken for granted, to a ‘matter of concern’, that needs to be unpacked and reconfigured. We find funders resort to three mitigation strategies, patching, pluralizing and transforming, in their attempts to reconfigure excellence. Our findings suggest, however, that the current mitigation strategies adopted by funders aimed at reconfiguring excellence leave underlying assumptions about competition and meritocratic ideals largely unquestioned. A transformation of the research ecosystem is unlikely to happen when these ideals are not also problematized.
Mapping Mental Health & Well-being Research. An investigation of the landscape of mental health research
Authors: Rafols Ismael , Yegros-Yegros Afredo , van de Klippe Wouter , Willemse Tim
Published: March 2022

This report aims to map and provide information on current research in mental health to inform and help funding agencies reflect on their research and innovation priorities. The emphasis lies in spotting misalignments and gaps of current research efforts against perceived societal needs and demands in light of shifting mental health needs.
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN MEDIA TERKAIT PARTISIPASI POLITIK
Authors: Intyaswati Drina
Published: March 2022

Dalam buku ini membahas mengenai pengaruh media khususnya media sosial dan televisi serta radio dan surat kabar terhadap partisipasi politik. Secara konseptual penelitian dalam buku ini menggunakan teori Media System Dependency yang menyatakan bahwa semakin besar kebutuhan seseorang terhadap informasi, semakin seseorang bergantung kepada media, dan semakin penting peran media dalam kehidupannya, sehingga media dan pesan-pesannya akan lebih memberikan pengaruh kepada kognisi, sikap, dan perilaku; pengaruh media tersebut dapat terjadi secara langsung atau tidak langsung. Dengan melihat realitas politik pada masa pemilihan presiden Indonesia 2019, dilihat juga peran diskusi politik, pengetahuan politik, dan efikasi politik dalam memediasi hubungan pengaruh penggunaan media terhadap partisipasi politik.
Microprocessor knee versus non-microprocessor knee for backup device in lower limb prostheses: A qualitative study
Authors: Young Jody-Lynn , Guérin Eva , Besemann Markus , Dudek Nancy
Published: March 2022

LAY SUMMARY

Current policy in the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) and Veterans Affairs Canada (VAC) is to provide individuals with an amputation through or above the knee with a prosthesis with a microprocessor knee (MPK) unit for daily use and a backup prosthesis with a non-microprocessor knee (N-MPK) unit. These knee units have significant functional differences. The purpose of this study was to gain an understanding of users’ device preference and the impact of switching between the MPK and N-MPK. To study this, six members participated in semi-structured interviews. Analysis found seven major categories driving prosthetic preference: functionality, physical aspects, mental aspects, activity, maintenance, safety, and health-related quality of life. The MPK was superior in all categories, and immediate switching between devices was problematic. As a result, participants who had an N-MPK backup did not use the device and instead received a loaner MPK from their prosthetist when required. These results suggest that for individuals who do not have ready access to their prosthetist to obtain a loaner knee unit, consideration should be given for a backup prosthesis with the same MPK unit as their daily-use prosthesis. Otherwise, no routine need for a backup N-MPK was identified.
Comparison of Models for Growth-at-Risk Forecasting
Authors:   HSE University, International College of Economics and Finance, Kipriyanov Aleksei
Published: March 2022

During the past several decades, the importance of assessing the risk of GDP growth downturns has increased tremendously. The financial crisis of 2008–2009 and the global lockdown caused by the COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated the vulnerability of the modern economy. As a result, a new framework (Growth-at-Risk) has been developed which allows the estimation of the size of the potential downfall of future GDP growth. However, most of the research focuses on the performance of quantile regression. I apply different approaches to forecasting growth-at-risk, including quantile regression, quantile random forests, and generalised autoregressive conditional heteroscedastic (GARCH) models, using the US economy for the analysis. I find that GARCH-type models perform worse at 5% and 10% coverage levels, but that quantile random forests and quantile regressions seem to have equal predictive ability.
Facies Development in a Lower Cretaceous Coragrudist Patch Reef (Mural Limestone, Southeast Arizona)
Authors: Roybal Gretchen H.
Published: March 2022

Patch reefs within the Mural Limestone (Bisbee Group, Cretaceous, S. E. Arizona) are dominated by scleractinian corals, algal stromatolites, and rudist bivalves. Reef development occurred during the Early Albian transgression into the Chihuahua Trough, a north-west extension of the Tethyan seaway. One patch reef (270 m x 120 m) was studied in detail. Species abundance and growth form were estimated in each of 57 quadrats of l m2 along ten transects. Peels and slabs were used for detailed identification and for lithologic determination. Facies development is controlled by wave energy. The crescent-shaped front is dominated by branching and mas­ sive corals. Behind this fades a zone of laminar Microsolena (coral) along with algal stromatolites form the crest facies. Rudists dominate the back reef. The Petalodontia subfacies is closest to the reef crest and consists of thickets of gregarious, thick-walled Petalodontia, a few corals, and interbedded molluscan debris. The caprinid subfacies is farthest from the reef crest and contains corals, bivalves, and molluscan fragments. A debris facies of molluscan fragments and foraminifera surrounds the reef. Reefs of roughly correlative age in Texas are dominated by rudists, not corals. The Texas rudist frameworks are often associated with evidence of abnormal salinity conditions which were presumably intolerable for corals.
Hydrodynamic Flow in Lower Cretaceous Muddy Sandstone, Gas Draw Field, Powder River Basin, Wyoming
Authors: Lin Joseph T.C.
Published: March 2022

Lower Cretaceous Muddy sandstones form a simple stratigraphic trap at Gas Draw field, northeast Powder River Basin. The Muddy at Gas Draw can be subdivided into six zones. The lowest, sixth Muddy sandstone is, fluvial in origin, and the overlying fifth sandstone is a transgressive marine deposit. The fourth zone represents a fluvial origin below to shallow marine above. The third zone is interpreted to be of fluvial-overbank origin with possibly a bay-lagoonal association. The second sandstone is suggested to be a deposit of a fluvial or deltaic environment. The first zone was deposited in a lagoonal and poorly-drained marsh environment. At Gas Draw, the second Muddy sandstone is the major producing zone and has the highest average porosity and permeability of 22.6% and 209 md. It had high initial production rates of up to 1200 BOPD (191 m3/day). From correlation of well logs, the Muddy reservoirs appear to be separated by thin shales, but analysis of drill stem tests show that these reservoirs are connected at some points within the area. Analysis of drill-stem test pressures provides the basis for interpreting fluid potential relationships. The average potentiometric gradient of 32 ft/mi across the field results in a hydrodynamic oil column of 210 feet, whereas capillary-pressure differences due to permeability changes can account for only 38 feet of oil column. The ob­ served oil column over most of the field has a height somewhat greater than 250 feet which agrees well with total calculated oil column of about 248 feet. Furthermore , local decrease in permeability to oil may be responsible for water production at any place within the field, even updip from the producing area. Therefore, the trapping capacity of this stratigraphic trap is not simple but depends on rock properties and fluid-pressure relationships within the reservoir .
Knowledge and Anxiety among Bank Clerks during the COVID-19 Pandemic Before and After Educational Intervention via Mobile Health Technology
Authors: Bijani Mostafa , Jaberi Azita
Published: March 2022

Objective: Bank clerks were among the high risk groups in experiencing physiologic and psychological symptoms during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis. This present study aims to investigate the changes in the knowledge and anxiety of bank clerks during the COVID-19 pandemic, before and after the educational intervention via mobile health technology in the south of Fars province, Iran in 2020. Material and Methods: This present study is a quasi-experimental work with a pretest-posttest design. The participants were recruited according to the lists provided by the bank authorities, and then assigned, through non-random sampling, into a control group from three banks (45 subjects) and 48 subjects from three other banks into intervention group. The intervention group received education via mobile phones, and the control group received the routine information broadcasted by social media. Data were collected using a demographics questionnaire, a researcher-made COVID-19 knowledge questionnaire, and Spielberger’s Anxiety Inventory at baseline (before) and follow-up (two weeks after intervention). The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics in Statistical Package for the Social Science version 23. Results: There were no drop-outs of participants during the study phase. The results showed that the mean knowledge score of the participants were improved in the both control and intervention groups, significantly (p-value<0.001), and there were significant differences between the two groups regarding the knowledge scores in pretest and posttest (p-value<0.001 and p-value=0.001, respectively). The results of the t-test also showed that the mean scores of state and trait anxiety levels were increased in the control group (p-value<0.001 and p-value=0.932, respectively), while decreased significantly in the intervention group (p-value<0.001). However, there were significant differences between the two groups regarding the state and trait anxiety levels in pretest and posttest (p-value<0.001). Conclusion: The results show that e-education via mobile phones can help to increase the knowledge, and decrease the anxiety of bank clerks during the COVID-19 pandemic. Accordingly, it is suggested that this method of education be employed to raise the COVID-19 awareness of the employees in other organizations. Indeed, limitations; such as, low sample size and long-term outcomes should be considered in future studies.
Analyzing English Language Learning Problems of Students through the Lenses of Action Research
Authors: Laghari Abdullah , Kakepoto Inayatullah , Arshad Faheem
Published: March 2022

Traditional mode of teaching promoted rote learning among learners over the years. A University classroom is a place where learners acquire new knowledge, skills, abilities, capabilities, and techniques. This study unveils the English Language Learning problems of undergraduate students. The target population was 155 university students. Qualitative research methods were fielded. 'Observation, video-recording, focus group interview, and diary notes' were research instruments. Outcomes were drawn through the lenses of Action Research. Purposive sampling was the research design. 'Interpretive approach' was employed for data analysis. Results exhibited that students confronted English language problems, and they affected student learning.The study speaks volumes about the gap between teaching and learning. This gap needs to be addressed through Action Research to achieve effective learning outcomes. This study recommends the use of novel teaching strategies, lesson plans, pair work, group discussions, robust material, learner engagement, and constructive feedback in university education.
Virtual Disparities and Educational Divide as Determinants of Online Health Literacy: A Cross-sectional Study of University Students in Lahore
Authors: Adil Adnan , Bugvi Ayesha Siddiqa , Rahat Rahla
Published: March 2022

The study assumes that students belonging to diverse educational levels were dissimilar in the level of practicing and competence in online health literacy. The survey method used a questionnaire to measure the responses of students of 16 universities in Lahore, Pakistan. A sample of 1512 students was selected by using a 4-stage stratified cluster sampling strategy. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis H test, Dunn test, and Mann-Whitney Utest (non-parametric). The findings show that educational level does have a significant association with practicing level in online health literacy (P.Value.0041). Moreover, education level also has a significant association with competence level in online health literacy (P. Value.045). The study recommends that online health literacy should be encouraged among the students, and the universities should be well-equipped with adequate hardware and human resources to facilitate the students.
Robot-assisted and augmented reality–assisted spinal instrumentation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of screw accuracy and outcomes over the last decade
Authors: Tovar Matthew A. , Dowlati Ehsan , Zhao David Y. , Khan Ziam , Pasko Kory B. D. , Sandhu Faheem A. , Voyadzis Jean-Marc
Published: March 2022

OBJECTIVE

The use of technology-enhanced methods in spine surgery has increased immensely over the past decade. Here, the authors present the largest systematic review and meta-analysis to date that specifically addresses patient-centered outcomes, including the risk of inaccurate screw placement and perioperative outcomes in spinal surgeries using robotic instrumentation and/or augmented reality surgical navigation (ARSN).

METHODS

A systematic review of the literature in the PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases spanning the last decade (January 2011–November 2021) was performed to present all clinical studies comparing robot-assisted instrumentation and ARSN with conventional instrumentation techniques in lumbar spine surgery. The authors compared these two technologies as they relate to screw accuracy, estimated blood loss (EBL), intraoperative time, length of stay (LOS), perioperative complications, radiation dose and time, and the rate of reoperation.

RESULTS

A total of 64 studies were analyzed that included 11,113 patients receiving 20,547 screws. Robot-assisted instrumentation was associated with less risk of inaccurate screw placement (p < 0.0001) regardless of control arm approach (freehand, fluoroscopy guided, or navigation guided), fewer reoperations (p < 0.0001), fewer perioperative complications (p < 0.0001), lower EBL (p = 0.0005), decreased LOS (p < 0.0001), and increased intraoperative time (p = 0.0003). ARSN was associated with decreased radiation exposure compared with robotic instrumentation (p = 0.0091) and fluoroscopy-guided (p < 0.0001) techniques.

CONCLUSIONS

Altogether, the pooled data suggest that technology-enhanced thoracolumbar instrumentation is advantageous for both patients and surgeons. As the technology progresses and indications expand, it remains essential to continue investigations of both robotic instrumentation and ARSN to validate meaningful benefit over conventional instrumentation techniques in spine surgery.
Diabetic Retinopathy among Diabetic Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Bastola Pradeep , Khatiwada Saurav , Khadka Mandira , Dahal Polina , Bastola Sheeksha
Published: March 2022

Introduction: The alarming rise in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus is a global public health and economic problem. Diabetic retinopathy is the most common ocular morbidity in the diabetic population and is the leading cause of blindness among the working-age group. This study was aimed to find out the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in diabetic patients attending to the department of ophthalmology of a tertiary care hospital.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Ophthalmology of a tertiary care hospital from 15th August to 30th November 2021. Ethical clearance was taken from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: CMC-IRC/078/079-021). Convenience sampling was done. Basic demographic data, risk factors, clinical characteristics, and prevalence of diabetic retinopathy were noted. Data entry was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 26.0. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and percentage for binary data.
Results: Among 540 participants, 146 (27.04%) (23.29-30.79 at 95% Confidence Interval) study subjects had diabetic retinopathy changes in at least one eye. Smoking in 88 (60.27%), type 2 diabetes mellitus in 139 (95.21%), hypertension in 85 (58.22%), raised glycated hemoglobin levels in 120 (82.19%) were the major factors observed in the study subjects.
Conclusions: The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy was higher in our study when compared to national studies.
Tympanic Membrane Perforation among Patients Presenting to Department of Otorhinolaryngology of a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Ghimire Bibek , Basnet Meenakshi , Aryal Gyan Raj , Shrestha Nischal
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Intact tympanic membrane acts as a partition between the external ear and middle ear. Tympanic membrane perforation is one of the commonest causes of conductive hearing loss. Perforation size is the most important determination of hearing loss. The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of tympanic membrane perforation among patients presenting to the otorhinolaryngology department of a tertiary care hospital.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head Neck Surgery of a tertiary care hospital from March 2021 to August 2021. Ethical approval was taken from Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 57112021). Convenience sampling was done and data was collected from 414 patients presenting to the department. Collected data were entered, analyzed in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 21.0 and documented for study. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and percentage for binary data.
Results: Among 414 patients, tympanic membrane perforation was seen in 100 (24.15%) (20.02-28.27 at 95% Confidence Interval). Among 100 patients with a total of 153 perforated eardrums, mild hearing loss was seen in the majority of the cases. Posterior perforation had a mean hearing loss of 40.41±5.96 dB, central had 39.09±3.13 dB, and anterior had 35.15±5.88 dB.
Conclusions: Our study showed the prevalence of tympanic membrane perforation to be high when compared to other similar studies. Hearing loss was observed in all cases; the majority with mild hearing loss. The degree of hearing loss was more in larger and posterior perforation.