bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Frequency of Neuroendocrine Tumor Studies: Using Latent Dirichlet Allocation and HJ-Biplot Statistical Methods
Authors: Escobar Karime Montes , Vicente-Villardon José Luis , de la Hoz-M Javier , Useche-Castro Lelly María , Alarcón Cano Daniel Fabricio , Siteneski Aline
Published: September 2021

Background: Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are severe and relatively rare and may affect any organ of the human body. The prevalence of NETs has increased in recent years; however, there seem to be more data on particular types, even though, despite the efforts of different guidelines, there is no consensus on how to identify different types of NETs. In this review, we investigated the countries that published the most articles about NETs, the most frequent organs affected, and the most common related topics. Methods: This work used the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) method to identify and interpret scientific information in relation to the categories in a set of documents. The HJ-Biplot method was also used to determine the relationship between the analyzed topics, by taking into consideration the years under study. Results: In this study, a literature review was conducted, from which a total of 7658 abstracts of scientific articles published between 1981 and 2020 were extracted. The United States, Germany, United Kingdom, France, and Italy published the majority of studies on NETs, of which pancreatic tumors were the most studied. The five most frequent topics were t_21 (clinical benefit), t_11 (pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors), t_13 (patients one year after treatment), t_17 (prognosis of survival before and after resection), and t_3 (markers for carcinomas). Finally, the results were put through a two-way multivariate analysis (HJ-Biplot), which generated a new interpretation: we grouped topics by year and discovered which NETs were the most relevant for which years. Conclusions: The most frequent topics found in our review highlighted the severity of NETs: patients have a poor prognosis of survival and a high probability of tumor recurrence.
On Little’s Formula in Multiphase Queues
Authors: Minkevičius Saulius , Katin Igor , Katina Joana , Vinogradova-Zinkevič Irina
Published: September 2021

The structure of this work in the field of queuing theory consists of two stages. The first stage presents Little’s Law in Multiphase Systems (MSs). To obtain this result, the Strong Law of Large Numbers (SLLN)-type theorems for the most important MS probability characteristics (i.e., queue length of jobs and virtual waiting time of a job) are proven. The next stage of the work is to verify the result obtained in the first stage.
On the Moment Problem and Related Problems
Authors: Olteanu Octav
Published: September 2021

Firstly, we recall the classical moment problem and some basic results related to it. By its formulation, this is an inverse problem: being given a sequence (yj)j∈ℕn  of real numbers and a closed subset F⊆ℝn, n∈{1,2,…}, find a positive regular Borel measure μ on F such that ∫Ftjdμ=yj, j∈ℕn. This is the full moment problem. The existence, uniqueness, and construction of the unknown solution μ are the focus of attention. The numbers yj, j∈ℕn are called the moments of the measure μ. When a sandwich condition on the solution is required, we have a Markov moment problem. Secondly, we study the existence and uniqueness of the solutions to some full Markov moment problems. If the moments yj are self-adjoint operators, we have an operator-valued moment problem. Related results are the subject of attention. The truncated moment problem is also discussed, constituting the third aim of this work.
Improved Rotor Flux and Torque Control Based on the Third-Order Sliding Mode Scheme Applied to the Asynchronous Generator for the Single-Rotor Wind Turbine
Authors: Benbouhenni Habib , Bizon Nicu
Published: September 2021

In this work, a third-order sliding mode controller-based direct flux and torque control (DFTC-TOSMC) for an asynchronous generator (AG) based single-rotor wind turbine (SRWT) is proposed. The traditional direct flux and torque control (DFTC) technology or direct torque control (DTC) with integral proportional (PI) regulator (DFTC-PI) has been widely used in asynchronous generators in recent years due to its higher efficiency compared with the traditional DFTC switching strategy. At the same time, one of its main disadvantages is the significant ripples of magnetic flux and torque that are produced by the classical PI regulator. In order to solve these drawbacks, this work was designed to improve the strategy by removing these regulators. The designed strategy was based on replacing the PI regulators with a TOSMC method that will have the same inputs as these regulators. The numerical simulation was carried out in MATLAB software, and the results obtained can evaluate the effectiveness of the designed strategy relative to the traditional strategy.
Extraction Procedure, Characteristics, and Feasibility of Caulerpa microphysa (Chlorophyta) Polysaccharide Extract as a Cosmetic Ingredient
Authors: Lee Meng-Chou , Yeh Han-Yang , Shih Wen-Ling
Published: September 2021

The green alga Caulerpa microphysa, which is native to Taiwan, has a relatively high economic value and a well-developed culture technique, and is used mainly as a foodstuff. Its extract has been shown to exhibit antitumor properties, but the polysaccharide content of the extract and its anti-inflammatory and wound-healing effects and moisture-absorption and -retention capacity remain unknown. Hence, the objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of the polysaccharides in C. microphysa extract (CME) for use in cosmetics. The overall polysaccharide yield from the CME was 73.93% w/w, with four molecular weight fractions. The polysaccharides comprised 59.36 mol% mannose, 27.16 mol% glucose, and 13.48 mol% galactose. In addition, the CME exhibited strong antiallergic, wound-healing, transdermal-delivery, and moisture-absorption and -retention effects. In conclusion, the results suggested that CME potentially has anti-inflammatory and wound-healing effects and a good moisture capacity, which can be used in cosmetic applications.
Comparative Metabolomics Reveals Fungal Conversion of Co-Existing Bacterial Metabolites within a Synthetic Aspergillus-Streptomyces Community
Authors: Shi Yutong , Ma Yihan , Wei Jihua , Ge Yichao , Jiang Wei , He Shan , Wu Xiaodan , Zhang Xiaoqin , Wu Bin
Published: September 2021

In nature, secondary metabolites have been proven to be the essential communication media between co-occurring microorganisms and to influence their relationship with each other. In this study, we conducted a metabolomics survey of the secondary metabolites of an artificial co-culture related to a hydrothermal vent fungal–bacterial community comprising Aspergillus sclerotiorum and Streptomyces and their reciprocal relationship. The fungal strain was found to increase the secretion of notoamides and the compound cyclo(Pro-Trp) produced by the actinomycetes strain was discovered to be the responsible molecule. This led to the hypothesis that the fungi transformed cyclo(Pro-Trp) synthesized by the actinomycetes as the biosynthetic precursors of notoamides in the chemical communication. Further analysis showed Streptomyces sp. WU20 was efficient in transforming amino acids into cyclo(Pro-Trp) and adding tryptophan as well as proline into the chemical communication enhanced the induction of the notoamide accumulation. Thus, we propose that the microbial transformation during the synthetic metabolically-mediated chemical communication might be a promising means of speeding up the discovery of novel bioactive molecules. The objective of this research was to clarify the mechanism of microbial transformation for the chemical communication. Besides, this research also highlights the utility of mass spectrometry-based metabolomics as an effective tool in the direct biochemical analysis of community metabolites.
Increased Incidence of Type 1 Diabetes during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Romanian Children
Authors: Vlad Adrian , Serban Viorel , Timar Romulus , Sima Alexandra , Botea Veronica , Albai Oana , Timar Bogdan , Vlad Mihaela
Published: September 2021

Background and Objective: It is known that several viruses are involved in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a new worldwide spread virus that may act as a trigger for the autoimmune destruction of the β-cells, as well, and thus lead to an increase in the incidence of type 1 diabetes. Material and Methods: The Romanian National Organization for the Protection of Children and Adolescents with Diabetes (ONROCAD) has collected information regarding new cases of type 1 diabetes in children aged 0 to 14 years from all over the country since 1996 and has computed the incidence of type 1 diabetes in this age group. Results: We observed a marked increase in the incidence of type 1 diabetes in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, with 16.9%, from 11.4/100,000 in 2019 to 13.3/100,000 in 2020, much higher compared to previous years (mean yearly increase was 5.1% in the period 1996–2015 and 0.8% in the interval 2015–2019). The proportion of newly diagnosed cases was significantly higher in the second half of 2020 compared to the second half of the previous years (57.8 vs. 51%, p < 0.0001). Conclusions: All these aspects suggest the role that SARS-CoV-2 could have in triggering pancreatic autoimmunity. To confirm this, however, collecting information from larger populations from different geographical regions, monitoring the incidence curves over a period of several years, and gathering background information on COVID-19 and/or data on COVID-19 specific antibodies are needed.
Concomitant Prostate Cancer and Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Differential Diagnosis Guided by a Combined 68Ga-PSMA-11 and 18F-FDG PET/CT Approach
Authors: Miceli Alberto , Riondato Mattia , D’Amico Francesca , Donegani Maria Isabella , Piol Nataniele , Mora Marco , Spina Bruno , Morbelli Silvia , Bauckneht Matteo
Published: September 2021

Here we report the case of concomitant favorable-risk prostate cancer and Hodgkin Lymphoma in a 38-year old male. 68Ga-Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen-11 Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT) was performed for staging purposes, showing the focal PSMA prostatic uptake as well as the presence of enlarged low-PSMA expressing mediastinal lymphadenopathies, thus raising the suspicion of another malignancy. A subsequent 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET/CT demonstrated a high FDG-avidity by mediastinal lymphadenopathies as opposed to the low prostate cancer FDG uptake. Of note, both tumor entities were clearly detected by the two scans. However, different ranges in terms of Maximum Standardized Uptake Value (SUVmax) uptake allowed the discrimination between the two tumor entities. At the subsequent mediastinal lymph nodal biopsy, the coexistence of Hodgkin lymphoma was documented. The present case suggests that even if specific for prostate cancer, 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT may raise the suspicion of other concurrent malignancies thanks to its non-receptor bounding mechanism. Further, it shows that in certain cases, the combination of 18F-FDG and 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT imaging may non-invasively guide the clinical management, optimizing the diagnostic process and the subsequent therapeutic interventions.
The Approach of Pregnant Women to Vaccination Based on a COVID-19 Systematic Review
Authors: Januszek Sławomir M. , Faryniak-Zuzak Anna , Barnaś Edyta , Łoziński Tomasz , Góra Tomasz , Siwiec Natalia , Szczerba Paweł , Januszek Rafał , Kluz Tomasz
Published: September 2021

Background and Objectives: Pregnant women are more likely to develop a more severe course of COVID-19 than their non-pregnant peers. There are many arguments for the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines in pregnant women. The aim of this study is to conduct a systematic review concerning the approach of pregnant women towards vaccination against COVID-19, with particular regard to determinants of vaccination acceptance. Materials and Methods: Articles were reviewed in which the aim was to evaluate—via a survey or questionnaire—the acceptance and decision to undergo vaccination against COVID-19. The articles were subjected to review according to recommendations of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Statement (PRISMA). Results: In various studies, the percentage of pregnant women accepting the COVID-19 vaccine was between 29.7% and 77.4%. The strongest factors co-existing with the acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccination in pregnancy were trust in the importance and effectiveness of the vaccine, explicit communication about the safety of COVID-19 vaccines for pregnant women, acceptance of other vaccinations such as those for influenza, belief in the importance of vaccines/mass vaccination in one’s own country, anxiety about COVID-19, trust in public health agencies/health science, as well as compliance to mask guidelines. The remaining factors were older age, higher education, and socioeconomic status. Conclusions: This review allowed us to show that geographic factors (Asian, South American countries) and pandemic factors (different threats and risks from infection) significantly influence the acceptance of vaccines. The most significant factors affecting acceptance are those related to public awareness of the risk of infection, vaccine safety, and the way in which reliable information about the need and safety of vaccines is provided. Professional and reliable patient information by obstetricians and qualified medical personnel would significantly increase the level of confidence in vaccination against COVID-19.
One Step Production of Silver-Copper (AgCu) Nanoparticles
Authors: Köroğlu Münevver , Ebin Burçak , Stopic Srecko , Gürmen Sebahattin , Friedrich Bernd
Published: September 2021

AgCu nanoparticles were prepared through hydrogen-reduction-assisted Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis (USP) and the Hydrogen Reduction (HR) method. The changes in the morphology and crystal structure of nanoparticles were studied using different concentrated precursors. The structure and morphology of the mixed crystalline particles were characterized through X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The average particle size decreased from 364 nm to 224 nm by reducing the initial solution concentration from 0.05 M to 0.4 M. These results indicate that the increase in concentration also increases the grain size. Antibacterial properties of nanoparticles against Escherichia coli were investigated. The obtained results indicate that produced particles show antibacterial activity (100%). The AgCu nanoparticles have the usage potential in different areas of the industry.
A Comparison of Laboratory Coal Testing with the Blast Furnace Process and Coal Injection
Authors: Steer Julian , Greenslade Mark , Marsh Richard
Published: September 2021

The injection of coal through tuyeres into a blast furnace is widely adopted throughout the industry to reduce the amount of coke used and to improve the efficiency of the iron making process. Coals are selected depending on their availability, cost, and the physical and chemical properties determined by tests, such as the volatile matter content, fixed carbon, and ash content. This paper describes research comparing the laboratory measured properties of injection coals that were used over a two-month production period compared to the process variables and measurements of the blast furnace during that study period. In addition to the standard tests, a drop tube furnace (DTF) was used to compare the burnout of coals and the char properties against the production data using a range of statistical techniques. Linear regression modelling indicated that the coal type was the most important predictor of the coal rate but that the properties measured using laboratory tests of those coals were a minor feature in the model. However, comparisons of the Spearman’s correlations between different variables indicated that the reverse Boudouard reactivity of the chars, prepared in the DTF from the coals, did appear to be related to some extent to the coal and coke rates on production. It appears that the constant process adjustments made by the process control systems on the furnace make it difficult to identify strong correlations with the laboratory data and that the frequency of coal sampling and the coal blend variability are likely to contribute to this difficulty.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of the ((CoCrFeNi)95Nb5)100−xMox High-Entropy Alloy Coating Fabricated under Different Laser Power
Authors: Wang Wenrui , Sun Qi , Wang Dingzhi , Hou Junsong , Qi Wu , Li Dongyue , Xie Lu
Published: September 2021

In this paper, the ((CoCrFeNi)95Nb5)100−xMox (x = 1, 1.5 and 2) high-entropy alloy (HEA) coatings were fabricated on the substrate of 45# steel by laser cladding process under different laser beam power. The influence of laser beam power and molybdenum element content on the microstructure and microhardness of the HEA coatings was investigated. Results show that the HEA coatings were composed of face-centered cubic (FCC) phase and Laves phase, had low porosity, and bonded well to the substrate. The Mo1 coating is composed of cellular dendritic structures and columnar dendritic structures. With the increase of molybdenum element content, the columnar dendritic structures disappeared, the grains are refined, and the arrangement of grains is more compact. The volume fraction of the interdendritic phase under the laser beam power of 800 W was small and irregular. After the laser beam power was increased to 1000 W, the volume fraction of the interdendritic phase was increased. Under the laser beam power of 1200 W, the volume fraction of the interdendritic phase was small again. Therefore, the coatings fabricated under the laser beam power of 1000 W had a larger volume fraction of the interdendritic phase and higher microhardness. With the increase in molybdenum content, the grain changed from columnar dendrite to cellular dendrite, and the microhardness of the coating increased. The characteristics of the laser cladding process, the formation of Laves phase, and the fine grain strengthening lead to high microhardness of the coatings.
Toward a Simplified Arc Impingement Model in a Direct-Current Electric Arc Furnace
Authors: Al-Nasser Mohamad , Kharicha Abdellah , Barati Hadi , Pichler Christoph , Hackl Gernot , Gruber Markus , Ishmurzin Anton , Redl Christian , Wu Menghuai , Ludwig Andreas
Published: September 2021

A 2D axisymmetric two-phase model was developed to study the effect of an arc impingement on the liquid metal inside an electric arc furnace. In addition to the arc flow dynamics, the model covered the heat transfer and magneto hydrodynamics of the arc and the liquid metal. Through a parametric study, three different parameters were considered to predict the most important factors affecting the arc and overall behaviour of the process: the arc gap, the density of the gas, and the total electric current. Understanding the effect of these parameters can show the key factors altering the arc dynamics. The study showed that the total applied current was the most important parameter that influenced the impingement depth and mixing of the liquid metal. The depth of the impingement and strength of the mixing of the liquid bath were directly proportional to the current applied in the furnace. The initial arc gap distance was found to be crucial for sustaining a continuous and stable arc. The value of the gas density was very important for the velocity profile; however, it had no significant effect on the impingement depth. This showed that a constant density could be used instead of a varying gas density with temperature to increase the computational efficiency. The study assessed the effects of the aforementioned factors on the arc impingement depth, velocity magnitude, and arc stability. The conclusions acquired and challenges are also presented.
Infection of Slugs with Theronts of the Ciliate Protozoan, Tetrahymena rostrata
Authors: Haites Ruth E. , Watt Anne E. , Russell Derek A. , Billman-Jacobe Helen
Published: September 2021

Tetrahymena rostrata is a free-living ciliated protozoan and is a facultative parasite of some species of terrestrial mollusks. It is a potential biopesticide of pest slugs, such as the grey field slug, which cause considerable damage to crops. T. rostrata has several developmental forms. Homogeneous preparations of the feeding stage cells (trophonts) and excysted stage cells (theronts) were compared for their ability to infect and kill Deroceras reticulatum slugs. Theronts were more effective and remained viable and infective, even after prolonged starvation.
Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effect and Probiotic Properties of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Canine and Feline Feces
Authors: Kim Ki-Tae , Kim Jin-Woo , Kim Sun-Il , Kim Seonyoung , Nguyen Trung Hau , Kang Chang-Ho
Published: September 2021

Oxidative stress is a phenomenon caused by an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defenses. It plays an important role in numerous disease states, including chronic kidney disease, neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancer. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are known to have prominent antioxidant properties. Therefore, this study aimed to measure the antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory potential of LAB isolated from animals for the efficient use of probiotics with host specificity. Antioxidant activity measurements of sixteen strains revealed that ABTS radical scavenging activities ranged from 26.3 to 57.4%, and DPPH free radical scavenging activities ranged from 4.7 to 13.5%. Based on the antioxidant activity assessment, five strains (Enterococcus faecium MG9003(YH9003), Enterococcus faecium MG9007(YH9007), Lactobacillus reuteri MG9012(YH9012), Lactobacillus fermentum MG9014(YH9014), and Pediococcus pentosaceus MG9015(YH9015)) were selected with the consideration of fermentation productivity (>1 × 109 CFU/g). The selected strains exhibited nitric oxide inhibition and inhibited inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase expression. Furthermore, probiotic properties, including intestinal adhesion and stability, were identified. Our results show that the selected animal-derived strains can be effective probiotic candidates for potential effects on animal hosts.
Sugarcane Mosaic Disease: Characteristics, Identification and Control
Authors: Lu Guilong , Wang Zhoutao , Xu Fu , Pan Yong-Bao , Grisham Michael P. , Xu Liping
Published: September 2021

Mosaic is one of the most important sugarcane diseases, caused by single or compound infection of Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV), Sorghum mosaic virus (SrMV), and/or Sugarcane streak mosaic virus (SCSMV). The compound infection of mosaic has become increasingly serious in the last few years. The disease directly affects the photosynthesis and growth of sugarcane, leading to a significant decrease in cane yield and sucrose content, and thus serious economic losses. This review covers four aspects of sugarcane mosaic disease management: first, the current situation of sugarcane mosaic disease and its epidemic characteristics; second, the pathogenicity and genetic diversity of the three viruses; third, the identification methods of mosaic and its pathogen species; and fourth, the prevention and control measures for sugarcane mosaic disease and potential future research focus. The review is expected to provide scientific literature and guidance for the effective prevention and control of mosaic through resistance breeding in sugarcane.
Present and Perspectives of Photoactive Porous Composites Based on Semiconductor Nanocrystals and Metal-Organic Frameworks
Authors: Cortés-Villena Alejandro , Galian Raquel E.
Published: September 2021

This review focuses on the recent developments in synthesis, properties, and applications of a relatively new family of photoactive porous composites, integrated by metal halide perovskite (MHP) nanocrystals and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). The synergy between the two systems has led to materials (MHP@MOF composites) with new functionalities along with improved properties and phase stability, thus broadening their applications in multiple areas of research such as sensing, light-harvesting solar cells, light-emitting device technology, encryption, and photocatalysis. The state of the art, recent progress, and most promising routes for future research on these photoactive porous composites are presented in the end.
The Transporter-Mediated Cellular Uptake and Efflux of Pharmaceutical Drugs and Biotechnology Products: How and Why Phospholipid Bilayer Transport Is Negligible in Real Biomembranes
Authors: Kell Douglas B.
Published: September 2021

Over the years, my colleagues and I have come to realise that the likelihood of pharmaceutical drugs being able to diffuse through whatever unhindered phospholipid bilayer may exist in intact biological membranes in vivo is vanishingly low. This is because (i) most real biomembranes are mostly protein, not lipid, (ii) unlike purely lipid bilayers that can form transient aqueous channels, the high concentrations of proteins serve to stop such activity, (iii) natural evolution long ago selected against transport methods that just let any undesirable products enter a cell, (iv) transporters have now been identified for all kinds of molecules (even water) that were once thought not to require them, (v) many experiments show a massive variation in the uptake of drugs between different cells, tissues, and organisms, that cannot be explained if lipid bilayer transport is significant or if efflux were the only differentiator, and (vi) many experiments that manipulate the expression level of individual transporters as an independent variable demonstrate their role in drug and nutrient uptake (including in cytotoxicity or adverse drug reactions). This makes such transporters valuable both as a means of targeting drugs (not least anti-infectives) to selected cells or tissues and also as drug targets. The same considerations apply to the exploitation of substrate uptake and product efflux transporters in biotechnology. We are also beginning to recognise that transporters are more promiscuous, and antiporter activity is much more widespread, than had been realised, and that such processes are adaptive (i.e., were selected by natural evolution). The purpose of the present review is to summarise the above, and to rehearse and update readers on recent developments. These developments lead us to retain and indeed to strengthen our contention that for transmembrane pharmaceutical drug transport “phospholipid bilayer transport is negligible”.
Multicommutated Flow Analysis System for Determination of Horseradish Peroxidase and Its Inhibitors
Authors: Głowacka Justyna , Strzelak Kamil , Koncki Robert
Published: September 2021

A fully mechanized multicommutated flow analysis (MCFA) system dedicated to determining horseradish peroxidase (HRP) activity was developed. Detection was conducted using a flow-through optoelectronic detector-constructed of paired LEDs operating according to the paired emitter-detector diode (PEDD) principle. The PEDD-MCFA system is dedicated to monitoring the enzyme-catalyzed oxidation of p-phenylenediamine (pPD) by a hydrogen peroxide. Under optimized conditions, the presented bioanalytical system was characterized by a linear response range (33.47–200 U/L) with a detection limit at 10.54 U/L HRP activity and 1.66 mV·L/U sensitivity, relatively high throughput (12 signals recordings per hour), and acceptable precision (RSD below 6%). Additionally, the utility of the developed PEDD-MCFA system for the determination of HRP inhibitors allowing the detection of selected thiols at micromolar levels, is demonstrated. The practical utility of the flow system was illustrated by the analysis of some dietary supplements containing L-cysteine, N-acetylcysteine, and L-glutathione.
New Flavone C-Glycosides from Scleranthus perennis and Their Anti-Collagenase Activity
Authors: Jakimiuk Katarzyna , Strawa Jakub W. , Granica Sebastian , Tomczyk Michał
Published: September 2021

Three new flavone glycosides, one known flavone glycoside, and the phenolic derivative apiopaenonside were isolated and identified from the ethyl acetate fraction of the aerial parts of Scleranthus perennis. The planar structures were elucidated through extensive analysis of UV-Vis, IR, and 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectral data, including the 2D techniques COSY, HSQC, and HMBC, as well as ESI mass spectrometry. The isolated compounds were established as 5,7,3′-trihydroxy-4′-acetoxyflavone-8-C-β-d-xylopyranoside-2′′-O-glucoside (1), 5,7,3′-trihydroxy-4′-methoxyflavone-8-C-β-d-xylopyranoside-2′′-O-glucoside (2), 5,7-dihydroxy-3′-methoxy-4′-acetoxyflavone-8-C-β-d-xylopyranoside-2′′-O-glucoside (3), 5,7-dihydroxy-3′-methoxy-4′-acetoxyflavone-8-C-β-d-xylopyranoside-2′′-O-(4′′′-acetoxy)-glucoside (4), and apiopaenonside (5). Moreover, all isolated compounds were evaluated for anti-collagenase activity. All compounds exhibited moderate inhibitory activity with IC50 values ranging from 36.06 to 70.24 µM.
Application of Capillary and Free-Flow Zone Electrophoresis for Analysis and Purification of Antimicrobial β-Alanyl-Tyrosine from Hemolymph of Fleshfly Neobellieria bullata
Authors: Šolínová Veronika , Sázelová Petra , Mášová Alice , Jiráček Jiří , Kašička Václav
Published: September 2021

The problem of a growing resistance of bacteria and other microorganisms to conventional antibiotics gave rise to a search for new potent antimicrobial agents. Insect antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) seem to be promising novel potential anti-infective therapeutics. The dipeptide β-alanyl-tyrosine (β-Ala-Tyr) is one of the endogenous insect toxins exhibiting antibacterial activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Prior to testing its other antimicrobial activities, it has to be prepared in a pure form. In this study, we have developed a capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) method for analysis of β-Ala-Tyr isolated from the extract of the hemolymph of larvae of the fleshfly Neobellieria bullata by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Based on our previously described correlation between CZE and free-flow zone electrophoresis (FFZE), analytical CZE separation of β-Ala-Tyr and its admixtures have been converted into preparative purification of β-Ala-Tyr by FFZE with preparative capacity of 45.5 mg per hour. The high purity degree of the β-Ala-Tyr obtained by FFZE fractionation was confirmed by its subsequent CZE analysis.
The Analysis of Pore Development and Formation of Surface Functional Groups in Bamboo-Based Activated Carbon during CO2 Activation
Authors: Phothong Krittamet , Tangsathitkulchai Chaiyot , Lawtae Panuwat
Published: September 2021

Pore development and the formation of oxygen functional groups were studied for activated carbon prepared from bamboo (Bambusa bambos) using a two-step activation with CO2, as functions of carbonization temperature and activation conditions (time and temperature). Results show that activated carbon produced from bamboo contains mostly micropores in the pore size range of 0.65 to 1.4 nm. All porous properties of activated carbons increased with the increase in the activation temperature over the range from 850 to 950 °C, but decreased in the temperature range of 950 to 1000 °C, due principally to the merging of neighboring pores. The increase in the activation time also increased the porous properties linearly from 60 to 90 min, which then dropped from 90 to 120 min. It was found that the carbonization temperature played an important role in determining the number and distribution of active sites for CO2 gasification during the activation process. Empirical equations were proposed to conveniently predict all important porous properties of the prepared activated carbons in terms of carbonization temperature and activation conditions. Oxygen functional groups formed during the carbonization and activation steps of activated carbon synthesis and their contents were dependent on the preparation conditions employed. Using Boehm’s titration technique, only phenolic and carboxylic groups were detected for the acid functional groups in both the chars and activated carbons in varying amounts. Empirical correlations were also developed to estimate the total contents of the acid and basic groups in activated carbons in terms of the carbonization temperature, activation time and temperature.
Synthesis of the Carbohydrate Moiety of Glycoproteins from the Parasite Echinococcus granulosus and Their Antigenicity against Human Sera
Authors: Hada Noriyasu , Morita Tokio , Ueda Takashi , Masuda Kazuki , Nakane Hiromi , Ogane Mami , Yamano Kimiaki , Schweizer Frank , Kiuchi Fumiyuki
Published: September 2021

Stereocontrolled syntheses of biotin-labeled oligosaccharide portions containing the carbohydrate moiety of glycoprotein from Echinococcus granulosus have been accomplished. Trisaccharide Galβ1-3Galβ1-3GalNAcα1-R (A), tetrasaccharide Galα1-4Galβ1-3Galβ1-3GalNAcα1-R (B), and pentasaccharide Galα1-4Galβ1-3Galβ1-3Galβ1-3GalNAcα1-R (C), (R = biotinylated probe) were synthesized by stepwise condensation and/or block synthesis by the use of 5-(methoxycarbonyl)pentyl 2-azido-4,6-O-benzylidene-2-deoxy-α-d-galactopyranoside as a common glycosyl acceptor. The synthesis of the tetrasaccharide and the pentasaccharide was improved from the viewpoint of reducing the number of synthetic steps and increasing the total yield by changing from stepwise condensation to block synthesis. Moreover, hexasaccharide E, which contains the oligosaccharide sequence which occurs in E. granulosus, was synthesized from trisaccharide D. We examined the antigenicity of these five oligosaccharides by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Although compounds of C–E did not exhibit antigenicity against cystic echinococcosis (CE) patient sera, compounds B, D, and E showed good serodiagnostic potential for alveolar echinococcosis (AE).
Seasonal Variation in Prevalence of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Other Respiratory Pathogens in Peri-Weaned, Post-Weaned, and Fattening Pigs with Clinical Signs of Respiratory Diseases in Belgian and Dutch Pig Herds, Using a Tracheobronchial Swab Sampling Technique, and Their Associations with Local Weather Conditions
Authors: Vangroenweghe Frédéric A. C. J. , Thas Olivier
Published: September 2021

Besides Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyopneumoniae), many other viruses and bacteria can concurrently be present in pigs. These pathogens can provoke clinical signs, known as porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC). A sampling technique on live animals, namely tracheobronchial swab (TBS) sampling, was applied to detect different PRDC pathogens in pigs using PCR. The objective was to determine prevalence of different PRDC pathogens and their variations during different seasons, including correlations with local weather conditions. A total of 974 pig farms and 22,266 pigs were sampled using TBS over a 5-year period. TBS samples were analyzed using mPCR and results were categorized and analyzed according to the season of sampling and local weather data. In samples of peri-weaned and post-weaned piglets, influenza A virus in swine (IAV-S), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus—European strain (PRRSV1), and M. hyopneumoniae were found as predominant pathogens. In fattening pigs, M. hyopneumoniae, porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2) and PRRSV1 were predominant pathogens. Pathogen prevalence in post-weaned and finishing pigs was highest during winter, except for IAV-S and A. pleuropneumoniae, which were more prevalent during autumn. Associations between prevalence of several PRDC pathogens, i.e., M. hyopneumoniae, PCV-2 and PRRSV, and specific weather conditions could be demonstrated. In conclusion, the present study showed that many respiratory pathogens are present during the peri-weaning, post-weaning, and fattening periods, which may complicate the clinical picture of respiratory diseases. Interactions between PRDC pathogens and local weather conditions over the 5-year study period were demonstrated.
Bartonella Infections in Cats and Cat Fleas in Lithuania
Authors: Razgūnaitė Miglė , Lipatova Indrė , Paulauskas Algimantas , Karvelienė Birutė , Riškevičienė Vita , Radzijevskaja Jana
Published: September 2021

Bartonella are vector-borne parasitic bacteria that cause zoonotic infections in humans. One of the most common infections is cat-scratch disease caused by Bartonella henselae and Bartonella clarridgeiae. Cats are the major reservoir for these two species of bacteria, while cat fleas are vectors for the transmission of infection agents among cats. The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of Bartonella infections in stray and pet cats and in cat fleas in Lithuania. Blood samples were taken from 163 cats presented in pet clinics and animal shelters. A total of 102 fleas representing two species, Ctenocephalides felis and Ctenocephalides canis, were collected from 12 owned cats that live both outdoors and indoors. Bartonella DNA in samples was detected using a nested PCR targeting the 16S–23S rRNA intergenic spacer (ITS) region. Bartonella DNA was detected in 4.9% (8/163) of the cats and 29.4% (30/102) of the fleas. Sequence analysis of the ITS region showed that the cats and fleas were infected with B. henselae, B. clarridgeiae and Bartonella sp., closely related to B. schoenbuchensis. This study is the first report on the prevalence and molecular characterization of Bartonella spp. in cats and cat fleas in Lithuania.
Accurate Imaging of Wide Beam Active Millimeter Wave Based on Angular Spectrum Theory and Simulation Verification
Authors: Zong Hua , Zhang He , Qiu Jinghui
Published: September 2021

Due to the fact that a millimeter-wave (MMW) has a strong ability to penetrate clothing, MMW holographic imaging technology can conduct a non-contact inspection of the human body’s surface. In recent years, personnel surveillance systems utilizing MMW holographic imaging technology has achieved rapid progress. However, limited by MMW holographic imaging’s image quality, the existing imaging technology cannot accurately detect whether the human body carries hidden objects. Additionally, real-time inspection requirements cannot be practically satisfied, and the system cost is relatively high. In this paper, a reconstruction algorithm with enhanced imaging quality, which can solve the problem of spherical wave attenuation with distance, making imaging results more accurate. The sampling conditions and imaging resolution are simulated and analyzed, which verify the azimuth resolution. Furthermore, the antenna beam’s holographic imaging simulation is optimized, effectively improving the quality of the reconstructed image. The proposed scheme provides theoretical support for determining antenna step and scanning aperture size in engineering and have theoretical guiding significance for improving the image quality of millimeter-wave holography and reducing system cost.
LOS ADOLESCENTES Y EL SISTEMA QUE LOS JUZGA. ASPECTOS Y MOTIVOS QUE LA LEY NO EXPLICA.
Authors: Martínez-Cornelio Gabriel
Published: September 2021

En este artículo se reflexiona sobre la evolución del sistema de juzgamiento para adolescentes en México y su relación con la teoría del desarrollo humano y la neurología; con la finalidad de conocer a qué se hace referencia cuando de adolescentes sujetos al sistema de justicia penal se habla. Un aspecto del principio de especialización que en la Ley, no se describe.
Doenças neurodegenerativas em adultos e idosos: um estudo epidemiológico descritivo
Authors: Guedes da Paz Erivânia , De Jesus da Silva Mendes Daiana , Nogueira Brito Sabrina , Oliveira Barbosa Wilames
Published: September 2021

Introdução. As doenças neurodegenerativas correspondem a moléstias causadas pela perda progressiva de neurônios nas estruturas do sistema nervoso, resultando em alterações funcionais gradativas. Objetivo. Descrever variáveis referentes as doenças neurodegenerativas em adultos e idosos no Brasil. Método. Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico descritivo, construído a partir de dados coletados do Departamento de Informática do SUS, através da ferramenta TabNet. Foram incluídas, por meio da lista de morbidade CID-10, a doença de Alzheimer, doença de Parkinson e esclerose múltipla. Resultados. No período de dezembro de 2010 a dezembro de 2020, as internações por doenças neurodegenerativas totalizaram quase 51 mil casos, configurando aproximadamente 570 mil dias de permanência e pouco mais de 3 mil registros de óbitos. Conclusão. Verificou-se uma tendência crescente nos registros de internações por doenças neurodegenerativas, bem como no número de óbitos. observa-se a necessidade de maiores investimentos em medidas que proporcionem um envelhecimento saudável.
ADVANCED DESIGN OF SADDLE-HITCH DEVICE WITH SPRING SHOCK ABSORBER FOR FORESTRY TRACTOR WITH SEMI-TRAILER
Authors:   Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after  G.F. Morozov, Posmetev V.I. , Nikonov V.O. ,   Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after  G.F. Morozov, Posmetev V.V. ,   Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after  G.F. Morozov, Avdyuhin A.V. ,   Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after  G.F. Morozov
Published: September 2021

A promising design of a fifth wheel coupling with a spring shock absorber for a timber tractor with a semitrailer is proposed. The process of functioning of the proposed fifth wheel coupling when starting, accelerating and braking a timber tractor with a semitrailer is considered. The positive effect achieved with the practical use of the proposed fifth wheel coupling is described.
Transnational Nazism: Ideology and Culture in German-Japanese Relations, 1919-1936
Authors: Moody Daniel
Published: September 2021

Ricky W. Law (author)
Meanings of Modern Work in Nineteenth- and Twenty-First-Century German Literature and Film
Authors: Roman Marisol Bayona
Published: September 2021

Peter C. Pfeiffer and Nathan T. Tschepik (Eds.)
FROM DIGITAL PROFILE TO DIGITAL IMMORTALITY: CONCEPTUALIZING THE PROBLEM FIELD
Authors: Рудова А. А.
Published: September 2021

Идея смерти и бессмертия всегда волновала человечество и всегда была предметом философского осмысления, в связи с этим в философии существует множество различных концепций бессмертия: бессмертие как воспроизводство своего рода (бессмертие в потомках); сохранение (мумификация) тела; религиозное бессмертие души; бессмертие как результат творчества или совершения каких-либо значимых действий. Стремительное развитие технологий влечет за собой формирование нового типа мышления и вносит изменения в социокультурные отношения. Рассматриваемая в данной статье концепция «цифрового бессмертия» является предметом исследования философии науки не только потому, что современные технологии оказывают воздействие на сознание человека, но и в связи с тем, что данное направление исследований ставит своей целью сохранение, копирование, возможно воссоздание сознания человека.

The idea of death and immortality has always attracted people’s attention and has always been the subject of investigation, the fact that gave birth to many different concepts of immortality in philosophy: immortality as family reproduction (immortality in descendants), preservation (mummification) of the body, religious immortality of the soul, immortality as a result of creativity or the performance of any significant actions. The rapid development of technology entails the formation of a new type of thinking and introduces a change in socio-cultural relations. The concept of «digital immortality» considered in the present paper is the focus of research in the philosophy of science, not only because modern technologies have an impact on human consciousness, but also due to the fact that this line of research aims to preserve, copy and recreate human consciousness.
PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS DURING THE PANDEMIC
Authors: Прокофьева А. И.
Published: September 2021

В статье автор изучает современное состояние рынка государственно-частного партнерства, а также сфер, наиболее и наименее пострадавших от последствий пандемии, вызванной коронавирусной инфекцией. Был сделан вывод, что пандемия нанесла огромный вред всем отраслям и сферам, в том числе и ГЧП. Исходя из статистических данных, автор констатирует, что наибольший урон нанесен проектам в социальной сфере, а также коммунально-энергетической сфере. Наибольшую стабильность демонстрирует транспортная сфера и сфера it-инфраструктуры. Автор пришел к выводу, что органы государственной власти принимают меры антикризисной поддержки регионов посредством запуска программы, основанной на содействии в подготовке и запуске ГЧП-проектов. Для сферы грузовых и пассажирских перевозок, сферы культуры, спорта и туризма были приняты особые меры поддержки. Однако не все регионы активно подключились к этой программе, что свидетельствует об отсутствии заинтересованности власти в развитии ГЧП и стабилизации экономики. По мнению автора, для преодоления последствий пандемии необходимо оказание прямой финансовой помощи, а также развитие цифровых и платформенных решений для эффективного диалога всех участников рынка, стимулирование внебюджетных инвестиционных ресурсов.

In the article the author examine the current state of the public-private partnership market, as well as the areas most and least affected by the consequences of the pandemic caused by coronavirus infection. It was concluded that the pandemic has caused huge damage to all industries and areas, including PPPs. Based on statistical data, the authors state that the greatest damage was caused to projects in the social sphere, as well as in the utilities and energy sectors. The transport sector and the IT infrastructure sector demonstrate the greatest stability. The author concluded that the state authorities are taking measures to provide anti-crisis support to the regions by launching a program based on assistance in the preparation and launch of PPP projects. Special support measures were taken for cargo and passenger transport, culture, sports and tourism. However, not all regions actively participated in this program, which indicates the lack of interest of the authorities in the development of PPP and the stabilization of the economy. According to the author, in order to overcome the consequences of the pandemic, it is necessary to provide direct financial assistance, as well as to develop digital and platform solutions for an effective dialogue of all market participants, to stimulate extra-budgetary investment resources, etc.