bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biomass‐Induced Diphasic Carbon Decoration for Carbon Nitride: Band and Electronic Engineering Targeting Efficient N2 Photofixation
Authors: Tang Zheng , Xiong Lijun , Zhang Xiaoyue , Shen Jinyou , Sun Aiwu , Lin Xiangyang , Yang Yong
Published: November 2021

Boosting the replacement of traditional NH3 production (Haber–Bosch process) with photocatalytic technology is of great importance for energy and environment remediation. Herein, to develop a photocatalyst with efficient charge separation and abundant reactive sites for photocatalytic N2 fixation, a biomass‐induced diphase‐carbon doping strategy is proposed by adding lotus root starch which can be environmentally produced into the preparation of carbon nitride (CN). The adjustment to the CN framework by planar‐fused carbon optimizes the band alignment of the catalyst, improving its response to sunlight. In particular, the in‐plane‐fused carbon in collaboration with the physically piled carbon initiates unique dual electron transfer pathways from different dimensions. The diphasic carbons can both function as qualified reactive sites according to the experimental explorations and further theoretical calculations, which effectively regulate the electron transfer and energy barrier associated with the N2 reduction on catalyst. The bio‐carbon‐doped catalyst exhibits drastically enhanced photocatalytic N2 fixation performance, and the NH3 yield on the optimized DC‐CN0.1 reaches 167.35 µmol g−1 h−1, which is fivefold of g‐C3N4 and stands far out from the single‐phase doped systems. These explorations expand the metal‐free skeleton engineering toolbox and provide new guidance for the solar energy utilizations.
Recent Advances in Flexible Zn–Air Batteries: Materials for Electrodes and Electrolytes
Authors: Liu Haoran , Xie Wen , Huang Zeyi , Yao Chuanhao , Han Yunhu , Huang Wei
Published: November 2021

Flexible Zn–air batteries (ZABs) draw much attention due to the merits of high energy density, stability, and safety, and show potential applications for wearable devices. However, the development of flexible ZABs with great energy density, high round‐trip efficiency, and long cycle life for practical applications is highly restricted by the lack of highly active oxygen catalysts, high ion‐conducting solid‐state electrolytes, appropriate Zn anodes, and advanced battery configuration. Promising oxygen catalysts should possess both, superior oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reaction performance and can be directly used as self‐supporting cathodes without loading catalysts on support materials such as carbon cloth. In addition, electrolytes play an important role in ZABs; a good electrolyte should be in all‐solid state with high ion conductivity. Moreover, for an excellent Zn anode, it is required to stably contact the electrolyte interface during the bending process. Therefore, in this review, recent advances in ZABs are summarized, including: i) the powder and 3D self‐supporting oxygen catalysts, ii) the species of solid‐state electrolytes, and iii) the rational design of Zn anodes. Finally, the challenges and opportunities of this promising field are presented.
Calculating the UK's urban unowned cat population
Authors: Mills Georgina
Published: November 2021

Georgina Mills reports on new research that looks into the number of stray and feral cats that can be found in the UK's towns and cities
The Hidden Cost of Using Amazon Mechanical Turk for Research
Authors: Saravanos Antonios , Zervoudakis Stavros , Zheng Dongnanzi , Stott Neil , Hawryluk Bohdan , Delfino Donatella
Published: November 2021

In this study, we investigate the attentiveness exhibited by participants sourced through Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk), thereby discovering a significant level of inattentiveness amongst the platform’s top crowd workers (those classified as ‘Master’, with an ‘Approval Rate’ of 98% or more, and a ‘Number of HITS approved’ value of 1,000 or more). A total of 564 individuals from the United States participated in our experiment. They were asked to read a vignette outlining one of four hypothetical technology products and then complete a related survey. Three forms of attention check (logic, honesty, and time) were used to assess attentiveness. Through this experiment we determined that a total of 126 (22.3%) participants failed at least one of the three forms of attention check, with most (94) failing the honesty check – followed by the logic check (31), and the time check (27). Thus, we established that significant levels of inattentiveness exist even among the most elite MTurk workers. The study concludes by reaffirming the need for multiple forms of carefully crafted attention checks, irrespective of whether participant quality is presumed to be high according to MTurk criteria such as ‘Master’, ‘Approval Rate’, and ‘Number of HITS approved’. Furthermore, we propose that researchers adjust their proposals to account for the effort and costs required to address participant inattentiveness.
Revisiting the conformally soft sector with celestial diamonds
Authors: Pasterski Sabrina , Puhm Andrea , Trevisani Emilio
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Celestial diamonds encode the structure of global conformal multiplets in 2D celestial CFT and offer a natural language for describing the conformally soft sector. The operators appearing at their left and right corners give rise to conformally soft factorization theorems, the bottom corners correspond to conserved charges, and the top corners to conformal dressings. We show that conformally soft charges can be expressed in terms of light ray integrals that select modes of the appropriate conformal weights. They reside at the bottom corners of memory diamonds, and ascend to generalized currents. We then identify the top corners of the associated Goldstone diamonds with conformal Faddeev-Kulish dressings and compute the sub-leading conformally soft dressings in gauge theory and gravity which are important for finding nontrivial central extensions. Finally, we combine these ingredients to speculate on 2D effective descriptions for the conformally soft sector of celestial CFT.
Comparison of Whiskbroom and Pushbroom darkfield elastic light scattering spectroscopic imaging for head and neck cancer identification in a mouse model
Authors: Bassler Miriam C. , Stefanakis Mona , Sequeira Inês , Ostertag Edwin , Wagner Alexandra , Bartsch Jörg W. , Roeßler Marion , Mandic Robert , Reddmann Eike F. , Lorenz Anita , Rebner Karsten , Brecht Marc
Published: November 2021

The early detection of head and neck cancer is a prolonged challenging task. It requires a precise and accurate identification of tissue alterations as well as a distinct discrimination of cancerous from healthy tissue areas. A novel approach for this purpose uses microspectroscopic techniques with special focus on hyperspectral imaging (HSI) methods. Our proof-of-principle study presents the implementation and application of darkfield elastic light scattering spectroscopy (DF ELSS) as a non-destructive, high-resolution, and fast imaging modality to distinguish lingual healthy from altered tissue regions in a mouse model. The main aspect of our study deals with the comparison of two varying HSI detection principles, which are a point-by-point and line scanning imaging, and whether one might be more appropriate in differentiating several tissue types. Statistical models are formed by deploying a principal component analysis (PCA) with the Bayesian discriminant analysis (DA) on the elastic light scattering (ELS) spectra. Overall accuracy, sensitivity, and precision values of 98% are achieved for both models whereas the overall specificity results in 99%. An additional classification of model-unknown ELS spectra is performed. The predictions are verified with histopathological evaluations of identical HE-stained tissue areas to prove the model’s capability of tissue distinction. In the context of our proof-of-principle study, we assess the Pushbroom PCA-DA model to be more suitable for tissue type differentiations and thus tissue classification. In addition to the HE-examination in head and neck cancer diagnosis, the usage of HSI-based statistical models might be conceivable in a daily clinical routine.

Graphical abstract
Modeling eutrophication risks in Tanes reservoir by using a hybrid WOA optimized SVR-relied technique along with feature selection based on the MARS approximation
Authors: García-Nieto Paulino José , García-Gonzalo E. , Alonso Fernández José Ramón , Díaz Muñiz Cristina
Published: November 2021

Total phosphorus (from now on mentioned as TP) and chlorophyll-a (from now on mentioned as Chl-a) are recognized indicators for phytoplankton large quantity and biomass-thus, actual estimates of the eutrophic state-of water bodies (i.e., reservoirs, lakes and seas). A robust nonparametric method, called support vector regression (SVR) approach, for forecasting the output Chl-a and TP concentrations coming from 268 samples obtained in Tanes reservoir is described in this investigation. Previously, we have carried out a selection of the main features (biological and physico-chemical predictors) employing the multivariate adaptive regression splines approximation to construct reduced models for the purpose of making them easier to interpret for researchers/readers and to reduce the overfitting. As an optimizer, the heuristic technique termed as whale optimization iterative algorithm (WOA), was employed here to optimize the regression parameters with success. Two main results have been obtained. Firstly, the relative relevance of the models variables was stablished. Secondly, the Chl-a and TP can be successfully foretold employing this hybrid WOA/SVR-based approximation. The coincidence between the predicted approximation and the observed data obviously demonstrates the quality of this novel technique.
The role of alliance management, big data analytics and information visibility on new-product development capability
Authors: Dubey Rameshwar , Bryde David J. , Graham Gary , Foropon Cyril , Kumari Sushma , Gupta Omprakash
Published: November 2021

Many organizations are increasingly investing in building dynamic capabilities to gain competitive advantage. New products play an important role in gaining competitive advantage and can significantly boost organizational performance. Although new product development (NPD) is widely recognized as a potentially vital source of competitive advantage, organizations face challenges in terms of developing the right antecedents or capabilities to influence NPD performance. Our research suggests that organizations should invest in building alliance management capability (AMC), big data analytics capability (BDAC) and information visibility (IV) to achieve their desired NPD success. Informed by the dynamic capabilities view of the firm (DCV) we have stated seven research hypotheses. We further tested our hypotheses using 219 usable respondents gathered using a pre-tested instrument. The hypotheses were tested using variance based structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The results of our study paint an interesting picture. Our study makes some significant contribution to the DCV and offers some useful directions to practitioners engaged in NPD in the big data analytics era. We demonstrate that AMC and BDAC are lower-order dynamic capabilities and that AMC has a positive and significant influence on BDAC. In turn, AMC and BDAC influence NPD under the moderating influence of IV. Ours is one of the first studies to empirically establish an association among three distinct dynamic capabilities which are often considered in isolation: AMC, BDAC and NPD. Our findings support emergent views on dynamic capabilities and their classification into various orders. Lastly, we provide empirical evidence that information visibility acts as a contingent variable to both AMC and BDAC effects on NPD. We end our paper by outlining some limitations of our study and by offering useful future research directions.
Comparing floral resource maps and land cover maps to predict predators and aphid suppression on field bean
Authors: Ammann Lolita , Bosem-Baillod Aliette , Eckerter Philipp W. , Entling Martin H. , Albrecht Matthias , Herzog Felix
Published: November 2021

Context

Predatory insects contribute to the natural control of agricultural pests, but also use plant pollen or nectar as supplementary food resources. Resource maps have been proposed as an alternative to land cover maps for prediction of beneficial insects.

Objectives

We aimed at predicting the abundance of crop pest predating insects and the pest control service they provide with both, detailed flower resource maps and land cover maps.

Methods

We selected 19 landscapes of 500 m radius and mapped them with both approaches. In the centres of the landscapes, aphid predators – hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae), ladybeetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) – were surveyed in experimentally established faba bean phytometers (Vicia faba L. Var. Sutton Dwarf) and their control of introduced black bean aphids (Aphis fabae Scop.) was recorded.

Results

Landscapes with higher proportions of forest edge as derived from land cover maps supported higher abundance of aphid predators, and high densities of aphid predators reduced aphid infestation on faba bean. Floral resource maps did not significantly predict predator abundance or aphid control services.

Conclusions

Land cover maps allowed to relate landscape composition with predator abundance, showing positive effects of forest edges. Floral resource maps may have failed to better predict predators because other resources such as overwintering sites or alternative prey potentially play a more important role than floral resources. More research is needed to further improve our understanding of resource requirements beyond floral resource estimations and our understanding of their role for aphid predators at the landscape scale.
What difference does multiple imputation make in longitudinal modeling of EQ-5D-5L data? Empirical analyses of simulated and observed missing data patterns
Authors: Rösel Inka , Serna-Higuita Lina María , Al Sayah Fatima , Buchholz Maresa , Buchholz Ines , Kohlmann Thomas , Martus Peter , Feng You-Shan
Published: November 2021

Purpose

Although multiple imputation is the state-of-the-art method for managing missing data, mixed models without multiple imputation may be equally valid for longitudinal data. Additionally, it is not clear whether missing values in multi-item instruments should be imputed at item or score-level. We therefore explored the differences in analyzing the scores of a health-related quality of life questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L) using four approaches in two empirical datasets.

Methods

We used simulated (GR dataset) and observed missingness patterns (ABCD dataset) in EQ-5D-5L scores to investigate the following approaches: approach-1) mixed models using respondents with complete cases, approach-2) mixed models using all available data, approach-3) mixed models after multiple imputation of the EQ-5D-5L scores, and approach-4) mixed models after multiple imputation of EQ-5D 5L items.

Results

Approach-1 yielded the highest estimates of all approaches (ABCD, GR), increasingly overestimating the EQ-5D-5L score with higher percentages of missing data (GR). Approach-4 produced the lowest scores at follow-up evaluations (ABCD, GR). Standard errors (0.006–0.008) and mean squared errors (0.032–0.035) increased with increasing percentages of simulated missing GR data. Approaches 2 and 3 showed similar results (both datasets).

Conclusion

Complete cases analyses overestimated the scores and mixed models after multiple imputation by items yielded the lowest scores. As there was no loss of accuracy, mixed models without multiple imputation, when baseline covariates are complete, might be the most parsimonious choice to deal with missing data. However, multiple imputation may be needed when baseline covariates are missing and/or more than two timepoints are considered.
Is there a gender gap in equity-based crowdfunding?
Authors: Prokop Jörg , Wang Dandan
Published: November 2021

Compared to their male peers, female entrepreneurs tend to face greater obstacles in raising venture funding from business angels, venture capitalists, and financial institutions. In this paper, we investigate whether this gender gap also exists in equity crowdfunding. Based on data from the German equity crowdfunding market, we find that ventures with and without female managing directors are equally successful in raising capital when launching their first equity crowdfunding campaign. In contrast, the former are significantly less successful than their peers in seasoned equity crowdfunding campaigns, and this disparity cannot be fully explained by differences in other venture-related or entrepreneur-related characteristics. However, we also find that the gender gap in seasoned offerings narrows if female entrepreneurs set more ambitious funding thresholds. Overall, our results indicate that pitching their equity crowdfunding campaigns in a more promotion-oriented way is a sensible strategy for female entrepreneurs to improve funding success.
A comparison of systematic reviews and guideline-based systematic reviews in medical studies
Authors: Schniedermann Alexander
Published: November 2021

The question of how citation impact relates to academic quality accompanies every decade in bibliometric research. Although experts have employed more complex conceptions of research quality for responsible evaluation, detailed analyses of how impact relates to dimensions such as methodological rigor are lacking. But the increasing number of formal guidelines for biomedical research offer not only the potential to understand the social dynamics of standardization, but also their relations to scientific rewards. By using data from Web of Science and PubMed, this study focuses on systematic reviews from biomedicine and compares this genre with those systematic reviews that applied the PRISMA reporting standard. Besides providing an overview about growth and location, it was found that the latter, more standardized type of systematic review accumulates more citations. It is argued that instead of reinforcing the traditional conception that higher impact represents higher quality, highly prolific authors could be more inclined to develop and apply new standards than more average researchers. In addition, research evaluation would benefit from a more nuanced conception of scientific output which respects the intellectual role of various document types.
Semantic theories, linguistic essences, and knowledge of meaning
Authors: Haverkamp Nick , Hoeltje Miguel
Published: November 2021

This paper argues, first, that the information problem poses a foundational challenge to mainstream semantics. It proposes, second, to address this problem by drawing on notions from Kit Fine’s essentialist framework. More specifically, it claims that the information problem can be avoided by strengthening standard truth theories, employing an operator expressing the notion of a relative constitutive semantic requirement. As a result, the paper proposes to construe semantic theories as theories of semantic requirements, and semantic knowledge as knowledge of such requirements.
Film Music in Concert
Authors: Audissino Emilio
Published: November 2021

The Boston Pops Orchestra was the first orchestra of its kind in the USA: founded in 1885 from the ranks of the Boston Symphony Orchestra, its remit was to offer concerts of light symphonic music. Over the years, and in particular during the fifty-year tenure of its most famous conductor, Arthur Fiedler, the Pops established itself as the premier US orchestra specialising in bridging the fields of 'art music' and 'popular music'. When the Hollywood composer John Williams was assigned the conductorship of the orchestra in 1980, he energetically advocated for the inclusion of film-music repertoire, changing Fiedler's approach significantly. This Element offers a historical survey of the pioneering agency that the Boston Pops had under Williams's tenure in the legitimisation of film music as a viable repertoire for concert programmes. The case study is complemented with more general discussions on the aesthetic of film music in concert.
Pain, Penance, and Protest
Authors: Butler Sara M.
Published: November 2021

In medieval England, a defendant who refused to plead to a criminal indictment was sentenced to pressing with weights as a coercive measure. Using peine forte et dure ('strong and hard punishment') as a lens through which to analyse the law and its relationship with Christianity, Butler asks: where do we draw the line between punishment and penance? And, how can pain function as a vehicle for redemption within the common law? Adopting a multidisciplinary approach, this book embraces both law and literature. When Christ is on trial before Herod, he refused to plead, his silence signalling denial of the court's authority. England's discontented subjects, from hungry peasant to even King Charles I himself, stood mute before the courts in protest. Bringing together penance, pain and protest, Butler breaks down the mythology surrounding peine forte et dure and examines how it functioned within the medieval criminal justice system.
Truth and Post-Truth in Public Policy
Authors: Fischer Frank
Published: November 2021

The phenomenon of post-truth poses a problem for the public policy-oriented sciences, including policy analysis. Along with “fake news,” the post-truth denial of facts constitutes a major concern for numerous policy fields. Whereas a standard response is to call for more and better factual information, this Element shows that the effort to understand this phenomenon has to go beyond the emphasis on facts to include an understanding of the social meanings that get attached to facts in the political world of public policy. The challenge is thus seen to be as much about a politics of meaning as it is about epistemology. The analysis here supplements the examination of facts with an interpretive policy-analytic approach to gain a fuller understanding of post-truth. The importance of the interpretive perspective is illustrated by examining the policy arguments that have shaped policy controversies related to climate change and coronavirus denial.
REASSESSMENT OF UNCERTAINTY EXPANSION BY LINEAR ADDITION OF LONG-TERM COMPONENTS FROM TOP-DOWN INFORMATION
Authors: Salazar G , Szidat S
Published: November 2021

Since radiocarbon accelerator mass spectrometry (14C AMS) is considered a high-precision technique, reassessment of the measurement uncertainty has been a topic of interest. Scientists from analytical and metrological fields have developed the top-down and bottom-up measurement of uncertainty approaches. The 14C quoted error should approximate the uncertainty of long-term repetitions of the top-down approach in order to be realistic. The novelty of this paper is that the uncertainty of both approaches were approximated to each other. Furthermore, we apportioned the graphitization, instrumentation, and bias components in order to additively expand the quoted error. Our results are comparable to error multipliers and to long-term repeatability studies reported by other laboratories. Our laboratory was established in late 2012 with N2 as stripper gas and 7 years later, we changed to helium stripper. Thus, we were able to compare both gases, and demonstrate that helium is a better stripper gas. In absolute F14C units, the ranges of graphitization+bias combined uncertainties were (0.7 to 4.1) × 10–3 for N2 and (0.7–3.0) × 10–3 for He depending on the standard 14C content. The error multiplier for He defined as the expanded uncertainty over quoted error, in average, was 1.7; while without the bias, the multiplier was 1.3.
Fifty years of woodworkers’ nasal adenocarcinoma in High Wycombe
Authors: Capper J W R
Published: November 2021

Background

Since adenocarcinoma of the ethmoid sinuses was first described as an occupational disease in the woodworkers of High Wycombe, over the 50 subsequent years there has been a gradual decrease in the numbers to none over the last 12 years. Although this mirrored the decline in local industry, it seems the causative factor was first seen and then disappears over a 50-year period.

Methods

A total of 146 cases have been traced historically over this time as well as personal experience of 33 cases; these cases are reviewed and success with a new modality of treatment is discussed.

Conclusion

This paper outlines how the disease was initially recognised, both its diagnosis and treatment development. It also describes how both the appearance and disappearance were seemingly caused by changes in manufacturing practice.
Knowledge as commitment
Authors: Binmore Ken
Published: November 2021

This commentary on the paper “Knowledge before belief” argues that it is not only in the cognitive sciences that knowledge should be separated into a separate category from belief, but also in rational decision theory. It outlines how knowledge-as-commitment – as distinct from knowledge-as-belief – can be built into an extension of the economic theory of revealed preference.
Knowledge-by-acquaintance before propositional knowledge/belief
Authors: Tomasello Michael
Published: November 2021

More basic than the authors' distinction between knowing and believing is a distinction between knowledge-by-acquaintance (I know John Smith) and propositional knowledge/belief (I know/believe that John Smith lives in Durham). This distinction provides a better account of both the comparative and developmental data.
Relational mentalizing after any representation
Authors: Deschrijver Eliane
Published: November 2021

Autistic, developmental, and nonhuman primate populations fail tasks that are thought to involve attributing beliefs, but not those thought to reflect the representation of knowledge. Instead of knowledge representations being more basic than belief representations, relational mentalizing may explain these observations: The tasks referred to as reflecting “belief” representation, but not the “knowledge” representation tasks, are social conflict designs. They involve mental conflict monitoring after another's mental state is represented – with effects that need to be accounted for.
Knowing, believing, and acting as if you know
Authors: Ninan Dilip
Published: November 2021

Phillips et al. argue that our capacity for representing knowledge is more basic than our capacity for representing belief. But they remain neutral on the further claim that our “belief capacity” depends on our “knowledge capacity.” I consider how this further claim might help to explain some of the generalizations the authors catalog, and explore one way of understanding it.
Exchanging humpty dumpties is not a solution: Why a representational view of knowledge must be replaced with an action-based approach
Authors: Carpendale Jeremy I. M. , Lewis Charlie
Published: November 2021

In arguing for knowledge representation before belief, Phillips et al. presuppose a representational theory of knowledge, a view that has been extensively criticized. As an alternative, we propose an action-based approach to knowledge, conceptualized in terms of skill. We outline the implications of this approach for children's developing social understanding, beginning with sensorimotor interaction and extending to the verbal level.
Belief versus knowledge: An epic battle, but no clear victor
Authors: Lassiter Daniel Heiskell
Published: November 2021

The knowledge-first approach is attractive and consistent with a wide variety of evidence. So is the opposing belief-first picture. I explain why the target article's criticisms of the latter fail, and argue that the outcome is a stalemate.
The left atrial appendage congenital aneurysm in a two-year-old child: a case report
Authors: Zalewska Luiza , Gęca Grzegorz , Stanek Piotr
Published: November 2021

The left atrial appendage congenital aneurysm is an extremely rare heart defect. The entity can remain asymptomatic for a long time; however, it may lead to life-threatening morbidity or death.
The role of organization of care in GPs’ prevention practice
Authors: Delpech Raphaëlle , Poncet Lorraine , Gautier Arnaud , Panjo Henri , Ourabah Rissane , Mourey Pascaline , Baumhauer Mathilde , Pendola-Luchel Isabelle , Ringa Virginie , Rigal Laurent
Published: November 2021

Background:

General practitioners (GPs) do not systematically include preventive recommendations in their practice, and some characteristics of health care organization are associated with more systematic prevention. But the characteristics of health care organization may act in a nonuniform manner depending on the type of preventive care. Thus, one characteristic can be positively associated with one type of preventive care and negatively associated with another. Our aim was to investigate the association between health care organization in general practice and different areas of preventive care (immunization and addiction prevention), in search of nonuniform associations.

Methods:

We used a representative survey of 1,813 French GPs conducted in 2009. Four preventive care practices were studied: immunization through flu and HPV vaccination, and prevention of addictive behaviors concerning tobacco and alcohol use.

Characteristics of GPs’ health care organization and the social context of their practice were collected (spatial accessibility to GPs and socioeconomic level of the area of practice). We constructed mixed models to study associations and interactions between the organization variables and preventive care.

Results:

Four out of five characteristics of GPs’ organization have uneven impacts on different types of preventive care (p-interaction < 10-4). For example, number of daily consultations is associated with better immunization prevention but with poorer prevention counseling in addictive behaviors. In contrast, working with digital medical files is uniformly associated with both types of preventive care (OR = 1.29 [1.15–1.45]; P < 10-4).

Conclusion:

An approach centered on specific types of preventive care should help deepen our understanding of prevention and possibly help to identify a new typology for preventive care.
FOLASP: FO(·) as Input Language for Answer Set Solvers
Authors: VAN DESSEL KYLIAN , DEVRIENDT JO , VENNEKENS JOOST
Published: November 2021

Technological progress in Answer Set Programming (ASP) has been stimulated by the use of common standards, such as the ASP-Core-2 language. While ASP has its roots in nonmonotonic reasoning, efforts have also been made to reconcile ASP with classical first-order (FO) logic. This has resulted in the development of FO(·), an expressive extension of FO, which allows ASP-like problem solving in a purely classical setting. This language may be more accessible to domain experts already familiar with FO and may be easier to combine with other formalisms that are based on classical logic. It is supported by the IDP inference system, which has successfully competed in a number of ASP competitions. Here, however, technological progress has been hampered by the limited number of systems that are available for FO(·). In this paper, we aim to address this gap by means of a translation tool that transforms an FO(·) specification into ASP-Core-2, thereby allowing ASP-Core-2 solvers to be used as solvers for FO(·) as well. We present experimental results to show that the resulting combination of our translation with an off-the-shelf ASP solver is competitive with the IDP system as a way of solving problems formulated in FO(·).
Fragebogen zu psychologischen Einflussfaktoren der Nutzung von Pkw, ÖPNV und Fahrrad (PsyVKN)
Authors: Hunecke Marcel , Heppner Holger , Groth Sören
Published: November 2021

Zusammenfassung. Zur Analyse der Ursachen für die interindividuelle Variabilität der Verkehrsmittelnutzung werden subjektive Bewertungen von Verkehrsmitteln im Rahmen standardisierter Verkehrserhebungen zunehmend mit berücksichtigt. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird ein theoretisch fundierter und empirisch validierter Fragebogen zu den psychologischen Einflussfaktoren der Nutzung von Pkw, ÖPNV und Fahrrad (PsyVKN) im Alltag vorgestellt, der Items zu Kontrollüberzeugungen, verkehrsmittelbezogenen Normen und Einstellungen umfasst. Auf der empirischen Basis von sechs Studien mit 10 850 Befragten aus über neun Jahren psychologischer Mobilitätsforschung wurde, auf der Basis von Strukturgleichungsmodellen und Messinvarianzanalysen, ein ökonomisches, reliables und valides Messinstrument für psychologische Merkmale der Verkehrsmittelnutzung entwickelt. Als Ergebnis stehen acht psychologische Konstrukte mit 21 Items für die Anwendung in der interdisziplinären Verkehrs- und Mobilitätsforschung zur Verfügung. Die entsprechenden psychologischen Konstrukte können in Verkehrserhebungen zur Erfassung der interindividuellen Variabilität bei der Verkehrsmittelnutzung und darauf aufbauend zur Planung von Maßnahmen zur Reduktion der Automobilität im Nahverkehr eingesetzt werden.
Lebenskompetenzen als Ressourcen für die psychosomatische Behandlung
Authors: Hinterberger Thilo , Walter Nike , Galuska Joachim
Published: November 2021

Zusammenfassung. Lebenskompetenzen stellen Fähigkeiten dar, aus denen eine salutogene Lebensführung resultiert. Dadurch können sie sowohl als Basis als auch als wichtiger Indikator für den therapeutischen Prozess dienen. Hier wird ein Selbsteinschätzungsinstrument vorgestellt, welches an N = 2 054 Patientinnen und Patienten der stationären psychosomatischen Behandlung erhoben wurde und dessen Konstrukt in zweifacher Erhebung exploratorisch und konfirmatorisch validiert wurde. Der Fragebogen LK-18 umfasst 18 Items, die sich in 6 Faktoren mit je 3 Items gliedern lassen. Diese sind Wohlbefinden, Selbstregulation, Engagement, Sinnerleben, Selbstwirksamkeit, sowie Sozialkontakte. Die Werte für Cronbachs α liegen zwischen .74 und .85, im Gesamtwert bei .91. Die RMSEA von .062 deutet auf eine akzeptable Modellpassung hin. Als externe Korrelate zeigen psychosomatische Symptombelastungen nach dem ICD10-basierten Symptomrating (ISR) und posttraumatische Störungen meist mittlere negative Korrelationen im Bereich -.22 bis -.69 ( p < .001). Die Ergebnisse demonstrieren die Validität des Fragebogens und seine Veränderungssensitivität, wodurch der Einsatz in der psychosomatischen Diagnostik als geeignetes Zusatzinstrument als sinnvoll erachtet werden kann.
Roman-Era Millstone and Mixer Makers Knew Their Rocks
Authors: Wilke Carolyn
Published: November 2021

The geochemistry of basalt millstones and mixers from the city of Volubilis suggests a local origin—and that rocks were picked for specific purposes, from crushing olives to mixing dough.
GOLM1 exacerbates CD8+ T cell suppression in hepatocellular carcinoma by promoting exosomal PD-L1 transport into tumor-associated macrophages
Authors: Chen Jinhong , Lin Zhifei , Liu Lu , Zhang Rui , Geng Yan , Fan Minghao , Zhu Wenwei , Lu Ming , Lu Lu , Jia Huliang , Zhang Jubo , Qin Lun-Xiu
Published: November 2021

The immunosuppressive microenvironment plays an important role in tumor progression and immunotherapy responses. Golgi membrane protein 1 (GOLM1) is correlated to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression and metastasis. However, little is known about the role of GOLM1 in regulating the immunosuppressive environment and its impact on immunotherapeutic efficacy in HCC. In this study, GOLM1 was positively correlated with infiltrating tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) expressed high levels of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and CD8+ T cell suppression in HCC tissues. Both gain- and loss-of-function studies determined a close correlation between GOLM1 and immunosuppression. In the mechanism, GOLM1 promoted COP9 signalosome 5-mediated PD-L1 deubiquitination in HCC cells and increased the transport of PD-L1 into exosomes via suppression of Rab27b expression. Furthermore, co-culture with exosomes derived from HCC cells upregulated the expression of PD-L1 on macrophages. Zoledronic acid in combination with anti-PD-L1 therapy reduced PD-L1+ TAMs infiltration and alleviated CD8+ T cell suppression, resulting in tumor growth inhibition in the mouse HCC model. Together, our study unveils a mechanism by which GOLM1 induces CD8+ T cells suppression through promoting PD-L1 stabilization and transporting PD-L1 into TAMs with exosome dependent. Targeting PD-L1+ TAM could be a novel strategy to enhance the efficacy of anti-PD-L1 therapy in HCC.
Fusobacterium nucleatum enhances the efficacy of PD-L1 blockade in colorectal cancer
Authors: Gao Yaohui , Bi Dexi , Xie Ruting , Li Man , Guo Jing , Liu Hu , Guo Xianling , Fang Juemin , Ding Tingting , Zhu Huiyuan , Cao Yuan , Xing Meichun , Zheng Jiayi , Xu Qing , Xu Qian , Wei Qing , Qin Huanlong
Published: November 2021

Given that only a subset of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) benefit from immune checkpoint therapy, efforts are ongoing to identify markers that predict immunotherapeutic response. Increasing evidence suggests that microbes influence the efficacy of cancer therapies. Fusobacterium nucleatum induces different immune responses in CRC with different microsatellite-instability (MSI) statuses. Here, we investigated the effect of F. nucleatum on anti-PD-L1 therapy in CRC. We found that high F. nucleatum levels correlate with improved therapeutic responses to PD-1 blockade in patients with CRC. Additionally, F. nucleatum enhanced the antitumor effects of PD-L1 blockade on CRC in mice and prolonged survival. Combining F. nucleatum supplementation with immunotherapy rescued the therapeutic effects of PD-L1 blockade. Furthermore, F. nucleatum induced PD-L1 expression by activating STING signaling and increased the accumulation of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)+ CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) during treatment with PD-L1 blockade, thereby augmenting tumor sensitivity to PD-L1 blockade. Finally, patient-derived organoid models demonstrated that increased F. nucleatum levels correlated with an improved therapeutic response to PD-L1 blockade. These findings suggest that F. nucleatum may modulate immune checkpoint therapy for CRC.
FOXP3+ T cells in uterine sarcomas are associated with favorable prognosis, low extracellular matrix expression and reduced YAP activation
Authors: Gultekin Okan , Gonzalez-Molina Jordi , Hardell Elin , Moyano-Galceran Lidia , Mitsios Nicholas , Mulder Jan , Kokaraki Georgia , Isaksson Anders , Sarhan Dhifaf , Lehti Kaisa , Carlson Joseph W.
Published: November 2021

Uterine sarcomas are rare but deadly malignancies without effective treatment. Immunotherapy is a promising new approach to treat these tumors but has shown heterogeneous effects in sarcoma patients. With the goal of identifying key factors for improved patient treatment, we characterized the tumor immune landscape in 58 uterine sarcoma cases with full clinicopathological annotation. Immune cell characterization revealed the overall prevalence of FOXP3+ cells and pro-tumor M2-like macrophages. Hierarchical clustering of patients showed four tumor type-independent immune signatures, where infiltration of FOXP3+ cells and M1-like macrophages associated with favorable prognosis. High CD8+/FOXP3+ ratio in UUS and ESS correlated with poor survival, upregulation of immunosuppressive markers, extracellular matrix (ECM)-related genes and proteins, and YAP activation. This study shows that uterine sarcomas present distinct immune signatures with prognostic value, independent of tumor type, and suggests that targeting the ECM could be beneficial for future treatments.
Supramolecular assembly-enabled homochiral polymerization of short (dA)n oligonucleotides
Authors: Mangalath Sreejith , Karunakaran Suneesh C. , Newnam Gary , Schuster Gary B. , Hud Nicholas V.
Published: November 2021

A goal of supramolecular chemistry is to create covalent polymers of precise composition and stereochemistry from complex mixtures by the reversible assembly of specific monomers prior to covalent bond formation.
Chiral macrocycle-induced circularly polarized luminescence of a twisted intramolecular charge transfer dye
Authors: Li Tiejun , Guo Hao , Wang Yuan , Ouyang Guanghui , Wang Qi-Qiang , Liu Minghua
Published: November 2021

The host–guest binding between a chiral macrocycle and an achiral dye could suppress the twisted intramolecular charge transfer process, leading to enhanced emission and bright circularly polarized luminescence from the TICT-dye.
Ultrasound-assisted dopamine polymerization: rapid and oxidizing agent-free polydopamine coatings on membrane surfaces
Authors: Cihanoğlu Aydın , Schiffman Jessica D. , Altinkaya Sacide Alsoy
Published: November 2021

Ultrasound-assisted polymerization is a green, controllable and facile way of accelerating the slow kinetics of dopamine polymerization in the bulk phase and the deposition rate of the PDA coating on the surface of the polymeric membranes.
Implementation of the interacting quantum atom energy decomposition using the CASPT2 method
Authors: Jara-Cortés Jesús , Leal-Sánchez Edith , Francisco Evelio , Pérez-Pimienta José A. , Martín Pendás Ángel , Hernández-Trujillo Jesús
Published: November 2021

The IQA energy decomposition analysis at the CASPT2 level of theory allows to obtain chemical insight about multiconfigurational processes.
In pursuit of accurate interlayer potentials for twisted bilayer graphynes
Authors: Melekamburath Ajay , James Anto , Rajeevan Megha , John Chris , Swathi Rotti Srinivasamurthy
Published: November 2021

In our pursuit of an accurate description of interlayer interactions in twisted bilayer graphynes, the explicit incorporation of anisotropy into the potential formulation holds the key.
Understanding the strain-dependent structure of Cu nanocrystals in Ag–Cu nanoalloys
Authors: Settem Manoj , Srivastav Ajeet K. , Kanjarla Anand K.
Published: November 2021

Strain effects lead to transition of the Cu nanocrystal from a non-compact shape to a compact octahedron with increasing amount of Cu.
Biogenic colourants in the textile industry – a promising and sustainable alternative to synthetic dyes
Authors: Fried Richard , Oprea Ilinca , Fleck Karin , Rudroff Florian
Published: November 2021

This review compares chemically and microbiologically derived textile dyes in terms of the production process, chemical structures and molecule properties. Main challenges for the application are discussed to highlight solutions for a greener future.
Ultra-refining for the production of long-term highly pH-stable lignin nanoparticles in high yield with high uniformity
Authors: Marotti Braz de Souza , Arantes Valdeir
Published: November 2021

An innovative method that is free from chemical additives with low energy requirements was used to produce long-term highly pH-stable lignin nanoparticles in high yield and uniformity.
Glyoxylate carboligase-based whole-cell biotransformation of formaldehyde into ethylene glycol via glycolaldehyde
Authors: Jo Hye-Jin , Kim Jun-Hong , Kim Ye-Na , Seo Pil-Won , Kim Chae-Yun , Kim Ji-Won , Yu Han-na , Cheon Huijin , Lee Eun Yeol , Kim Jeong-Sun , Park Jin-Byung
Published: November 2021

A novel E. coli based biocatalytic system was examined to produce ethylene glycol from formaldehyde using glyoxylate carboligase as the key enzyme.
One-pot synthesis of a highly disperse core–shell CuO–alginate nanocomposite and the investigation of its antibacterial and catalytic properties
Authors: Saberi Dariush , Mansourinejhad Sanam , Shadi Ahmad , Habibi Hassan
Published: November 2021

Sodium alginate extracted from native algae of the Persian Gulf for use in the synthesis of a highly disperse CuO–alginate nanocomposite, which is used as an antibacterial agent as well as a catalyst in the synthesis of amides.
Imidazole cores for the construction of dopant-free asymmetric hole-transporting materials for efficient inverted perovskite solar cells
Authors: Cheng Yang , Wu Quanping , Luo Ming , Wang Haolin , Xue Song , Zong Xueping
Published: November 2021

An asymmetric molecule endowed with an extended electron donor generates a PCE over 16% in n–i–p structured inverted PSCs.
Exploring the effect of acid modulators on MIL-101 (Cr) metal–organic framework catalysed olefin-aldehyde condensation: a sustainable approach for the selective synthesis of nopol
Authors: Kulkarni Bhavana B. , Kanakikodi Kempanna S. , Rambhia Dheer A. , Kalidindi Suresh Babu , Maradur Sanjeev P.
Published: November 2021

Acid modulated synthesis of MIL-101(Cr) with tunable textural and surface acidic properties for highly selective synthesis of nopol.
Self-assembly of bimetallic polyoxometalates and dicyandiamide to form Co/WC@NC for efficient electrochemical hydrogen generation
Authors: Liu Yan , Li Jiao , Sun Dan , Men Linglan , Sun Bo , Li Xiao , An Qingbo , Liu Fangbin , Su Zhongmin
Published: November 2021

Graphene carbon-coated and N-doped WC and cobalt (Co) nanoparticles (Co/WC@NC) were synthesizedviaa one-step straightforward high-temperature calcination. The resultant Co/WC@NC manifests excellent hydrogen evolution activity.
Correction: Expanded scope of Griesbaum co-ozonolysis for the preparation of structurally diverse sensors of ferrous iron
Authors: Chen Jun , Gonciarz Ryan L. , Renslo Adam R.
Published: November 2021

Correction for ‘Expanded scope of Griesbaum co-ozonolysis for the preparation of structurally diverse sensors of ferrous iron’ by Jun Chen et al., RSC Adv., 2021, 11, 34338–34342, DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05932g.
Correction: Facile synthesis of novel NH2-MIL-53(Fe)/AgSCN heterojunction composites as a highly efficient photocatalyst for ciprofloxacin degradation and H2 production under visible-light irradiation
Authors: Yi Jungang , Wu Xianghui , Wu Huadong , Zhang Linfeng , Wu Kun , Guo Jia
Published: November 2021

Correction for ‘Facile synthesis of novel NH2-MIL-53(Fe)/AgSCN heterojunction composites as a highly efficient photocatalyst for ciprofloxacin degradation and H2 production under visible-light irradiation’ by Jungang Yi et al., React. Chem. Eng., 2021, DOI: 10.1039/d1re00349f.
The MULTI spectrometer for measurement of β-decay process in exotic nuclei
Authors: Siváček Ivan , Stukalov Sergey , Sobolev Yuri , Testov Dmitry , Smirnov Vladimir , Penionzhkevich Yuri , Zeinulla Zhasulan
Published: November 2021

The construction of the portable spectrometer, MULTI, is designed for the measurement of β-γ-neutron coincidences on beams of radioactive exotic nuclei. It will be used in measurements of the β-decay process of neutron-rich nuclei with large Qβ values accessible in radioactive beams facilities. The experimental technique includes the measurement of the ratios between gamma-ray emission and multi-neutron emission, following beta-decay of radioactive nuclei implanted into an active target. The construction of a gamma-ray spectrometer based on high-volume CeBr3+NaI(Tl) phoswich scintillation detectors is introduced. Results of the measurements of its fundamental characteristics – total detection efficiency, peak efficiency and Compton suppression effect with a 60Co source are presented. Design of the neutron counter array, consisting of 40 proportional counters filled with 3He gas, was optimized with Monte Carlo simulations. Results were validated with a 252Cf spectroscopic source, leading to expected detection efficiency of ∼35% for neutrons with energy < 1MeV. Further development plans are discussed.