bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A representação do espaço e da paisagem nas telas de videogame: possibilidades para o ensino de geografia/The representation of space and landscape on videogame screens: possibilities for geography education
Authors: Carneiro Eduardo Lorini , Backes Luciana
Published: December 2018

Os jogos eletrônicos fazem parte do cotidiano da sociedade. Embora sejam muitas vezes tratados como objetos de lazer, podem contribuir para compreensão de temas geográficos como espaço e paisagem. O artigo discute a potencialidade destes artefatos para a construção de conhecimento nesta disciplina. Apresentamos as análises da prática pedagógica realizada com turmas de Ensino Fundamental e Médio de uma escola pública explorando diferentes jogos eletrônicos para desenvolver os conceitos de Geografia. No processo de interação entre estudantes e diferentes cenários, há a apropriação destes espaços, percebendo suas paisagens e estabelecendo relações entre o conhecimento e o contexto explorado.Palavras-chave: Educação; geografia; videogame. ABSTRACTElectronic games are part of everyday life in society. Although often treated as leisure objects, they can contribute to the understandingof geographical themes such as space and landscape. The article discusses the potentiality of these artifacts for the construction of knowledge in this discipline. We present the analyzes of the pedagogical practice performed with classes of Elementary and High School of a public school exploring different electronic games to develop the concepts of Geography. In the process of interaction between students and different scenarios, there is the appropriation of these spaces, perceiving their landscapes and establishing relationships between knowledge and the context explored.Keywords: Education; geography; videogame.
A formação territorial do Brasil nos livros didáticos de geografia: em busca de uma análise descolonial/The brazilian territorial formation in geography textbooks: in pursuit of a decolonial analysis
Authors: Loback Victor , Bezerra Amélia Cristina Alves
Published: December 2018

Neste artigo buscamos verificar como a Colonialidade do Saber atravessa a Geografia que se produz na Escola, especialmente no que diz respeito à formação territorial do Brasil. Para tanto, iniciamos apresentando uma breve reflexão teórica sobre o pensamento descolonial e o currículo escolar; posteriormente, discutimos as narrativas contidas em livros didáticos sobre o tema; em seguida, traremos relatos de cinco professores de Geografia do estado do Rio de Janeiro para compreendermos como lidam com as abordagens contidas em materiais didáticos; concluímos traçando desafios para construção de uma educação descolonial.Palavras-chave: Ensino de Geografia; Colonialidade do Saber; Livros Didáticos. ABSTRACTIn this paper, we pursue to verify how Coloniality of Knowledge engenders the scholar Geography, mainly about Brazilian territorial formation. For this, we start presenting a brief theoterical reflection about the decolonial thought and the scholar curriculum; then, we discuss narratives in textbooks about this theme; after we bring the report of five Geography teachers of public schools in Rio de Janeiro to comprehend how they handle with the approaches contained in textbooks; we conclude setting challenges to construct an decolonial teaching.Keywords: Geography Teaching; Coloniality of Knowledge; Textbooks.
Cooperação e contrapartida nas ações da OMS: notas sobre a geopolítica da saúde global/Cooperation and counterparts in WHO actions: notes on global health geopolytics
Authors: Darsie Camilo , Weber Douglas , De Faria Mateus Aparecido , Rocha Cristianne Maria Famer
Published: December 2018

Este ensaio visa, a partir de documentos oficiais e literatura especializada, analisar o desempenho da OMS desde sua origem e seu papel em questões relacionadas à saúde global, destacando a dinâmica da cooperação-contrapartida. Essa dinâmica é resultado da complexificação das relações internacionais, envolvendo Estados membros, atores não estatais e agências de desenvolvimento, a fim de não apenas seguir as diretrizes da OMS, mas também incentiválos a priorizar certos projetos globais de saúde.Palavras-chave: Saúde Global, Cooperação Internacional, Saúde Pública, OMS. ABSTRACTThis essay aims, from official documents and specialized literature, to analyze the performance of WHO since its origin and its role in matters related to global health, highlighting the dynamics of cooperation-counterpart. This dynamic is a result of the complexification of international relations, involving member States, non-state actors and development agencies, in order not only to follow WHO guidelines but also to encourage them to prioritize certain global health projects.Keywords: Global Health, International Cooperation, Public Health, WHO.
A natureza das cidades: a abrangência e os limites da teoria urbana/ THE NATURE OF CITIES: The Scope and Limits of Urban Theory
Authors: J Scott Allen , Storper Michael
Published: December 2018

Há um crescente debate nas últimas décadas sobre o alcance e a substância da teoria urbana. O debate tem sido marcado por muitas afirmações diferentes sobre a natureza das cidades, incluindo declarações de que o urbano é um conceito incoerente, que a sociedade urbana é nada menos do que a sociedade moderna como um todo, que a escala urbana não pode mais ser separada da escala global, e que a teoria urbana até então tem sido profundamente viciada por sua concentração quase exclusiva nas cidades do Norte global. Este artigo fornece alguns pontos de esclarecimento às afirmações como estas. Todas as cidades podem ser entendidas em termos de um quadro teórico que combina dois processos principais, a saber, a dinâmica de aglomeração/polarização e o desdobramento de um nexo associado de localização, usos da terra e de interações humanas. Este mesmo quadro pode ser usado para identificar uma grande variedade de cidades e para distinguir os fenômenos intrinsecamente urbanos do resto da realidade social. A discussão, assim, identifica as dimensões comuns de todas as cidades sem, por um lado, exagerar a abrangência da teoria urbana, ou, por outro lado, sem afirmar que cada cidade individual é um caso especial irredutível.Palavras-chave: urbanização, nexo da terra urbana, teoria urbana, história urbana, economia urbana, aglomeração. ABSTRACTThere has been a growing debate in recent decades about the range and substance of urban theory. The debate has been marked by many different claims about the nature of cities, including declarations that the urban is an incoherent concept, that urban society is nothing less than modern society as a whole, that the urban scale can no longer be separated from the global scale, and that urban theory hitherto has been deeply vitiated by its almost exclusive concentration on the cities of the global North. This article offers some points of clarification of claims like these. All cities can be understood in terms of a theoretical framework that combines two main processes, namely, the dynamics of agglomeration/polarization, and the unfolding of an associated nexus of locations, land uses and human interactions. This same framework can be used to identify many different varieties of cities, and to distinguish intrinsically urban phenomena from the rest of social reality. The discussion thus identifies the common dimensions of all cities without, on the one hand, exaggerating the scope of urban theory, or on the other hand, asserting that every individual city is an irreducible special case.Keywords: urbanization, urban land nexus, urban theory, urban history, urban economy, agglomeration.
Debates atuais sobre a teoria urbana: uma avaliação crítica/Current debates in urban theory: A critical assessment
Authors: Storper Michael , J Scott Allen
Published: December 2018

Os estudos urbanos atualmente são marcados por muitos debates ativos. Em um artigo anterior, abordamos alguns desses debates propondo um conceito fundamental de urbanização e de forma urbana para identificar uma linguagem comum para a pesquisa urbana. No presente trabalho, faremos uma breve recapitulação desse quadro. Utilizaremos então este material preliminar como base para uma crítica das três versões atualmente mais influentes da análise urbana, a saber, a teoria urbana pós-colonial, as abordagens teóricas do agenciamento e da urbanização planetária. Nós avaliaremos cada uma dessas versões e cada uma delas pretende ser considerada a melhor abordagem sobre as realidades urbanas. Faremos a crítica de: a) teoria urbana pós-colonial, por seu particularismo e sua insistência na provincianização do conhecimento, b) abordagens teóricas do agenciamento, por sua indeterminação e ecletismo, e c) urbanização planetária, pela desvalorização radical das forças de aglomeração e de nodalidade na geografia urbano-econômica.Palavras-chave: Teoria da aglomeração, teoria do agenciamento, teoria da urbanização planetária, urbanismo pós-colonial, teoria urbanaABSTRACTUrban studies today is marked by many active debates. In an earlier paper, we addressed some of these debates by proposing a foundational concept of urbanisation and urban form as a way of identifying a common language for urban research. In the present paper we provide a brief recapitulation of that framework. We then use this preliminary material as background to a critique of three currently influential versions of urban analysis, namely, postcolonial urban theory, assemblage theoretic approaches and planetary urbanism. We evaluate each of these versions in turn and find them seriously wanting as statements about urban realities.We criticise (a) postcolonial urban theory for its particularism and its insistence on the provincialisation of knowledge, (b) assemblage theoretic approaches for their indeterminacy and eclecticism and (c) planetary urbanism for its radical devaluation of the forces of agglomeration and nodality in urban-economic geography.Keywords: agglomeration theory, assemblage theory, planetary urbanisation theory, post-colonial urbanism, urban theory.
Totally Implantable Venous-Access Device Infection Causing Hematogenous Prosthetic Joint Infection: A Retrospective Case Series
Authors: Medina Fernanda , Meyssonnier Vanina , Zeller Valérie , Heym Beate , Ziza Jean-Marc , Marmor Simon
Published: December 2018

Abstract. Introduction: Prosthetic joint infections (PJIs) can be acquired hematogenously from a distant site or device. Notably, 30%-40% of patients with PJIs have Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. No case reports or series of PJIs acquired from totally implantable venous-access device (TIVAD) infection or colonization have been published. This study was undertaken to describe epidemiological, clinical, microbiological and radiological characteristics of such PJIs, their treatments and outcomes.Methods: This retrospective study included all patients, identified in a prospective French Bone-and-Joint Infections Referral Center cohort treated between 2004 and 2017, with PJI secondary to TIVAD infection, with the same microbiologically documented microorganism isolated from both.Results: We describe six consecutive hematogenous PJIs (4 women, 2 men; median age: 66.5 years) acquired from TIVAD primary infections. The main infection risk factors were malignancy (n=5) and prior septic arthritis (n=2). Four participants' TIVADs were implanted for chemotherapy, preceding the prosthesis for one patient. The median TIVAD-implantation-to-symptom-onset interval was 12 months. Microorganisms were Staphylococcus epidermidis (n=4), Staphylococcus capitis (n=1) and Staphylococcus aureus (n=1). All TIVADs were removed. Five participants received curative treatment, with a median of 12 weeks of antibiotics. After median follow-up of 42 months, none have relapsed.Conclusions: When PJI occurs in a patient with a TIVAD, the latter must be tested as a potential source of the prosthesis infection. Conversely, PJIs must sought in all patients with bacteremia.
QIIME 2: Reproducible, interactive, scalable, and extensible microbiome data science
Authors: Bolyen Evan , Rideout Jai Ram , Dillon Matthew R , Bokulich Nicholas A , Abnet Christian , Al-Ghalith Gabriel A , Alexander Harriet , Alm Eric J , Arumugam Manimozhiyan , Asnicar Francesco , Bai Yang , Bisanz Jordan E , Bittinger Kyle , Brejnrod Asker , Brislawn Colin J , Brown C Titus , Callahan Benjamin J , Caraballo-Rodríguez Andrés Mauricio , Chase John , Cope Emily , Da Silva Ricardo , Dorrestein Pieter C , Douglas Gavin M , Durall Daniel M , Duvallet Claire , Edwardson Christian F , Ernst Madeleine , Estaki Mehrbod , Fouquier Jennifer , Gauglitz Julia M , Gibson Deanna L , Gonzalez Antonio , Gorlick Kestrel , Guo Jiarong , Hillmann Benjamin , Holmes Susan , Holste Hannes , Huttenhower Curtis , Huttley Gavin , Janssen Stefan , Jarmusch Alan K , Jiang Lingjing , Kaehler Benjamin , Kang Kyo Bin , Keefe Christopher R , Keim Paul , Kelley Scott T , Knights Dan , Koester Irina , Kosciolek Tomasz , Kreps Jorden , Langille Morgan GI , Lee Joslynn , Ley Ruth , Liu Yong-Xin , Loftfield Erikka , Lozupone Catherine , Maher Massoud , Marotz Clarisse , Martin Bryan D , McDonald Daniel , McIver Lauren J , Melnik Alexey V , Metcalf Jessica L , Morgan Sydney C , Morton Jamie , Naimey Ahmad Turan , Navas-Molina Jose A , Nothias Louis Felix , Orchanian Stephanie B , Pearson Talima , Peoples Samuel L , Petras Daniel , Preuss Mary Lai , Pruesse Elmar , Rasmussen Lasse Buur , Rivers Adam , Robeson, II Michael S , Rosenthal Patrick , Segata Nicola , Shaffer Michael , Shiffer Arron , Sinha Rashmi , Song Se Jin , Spear John R , Swafford Austin D , Thompson Luke R , Torres Pedro J , Trinh Pauline , Tripathi Anupriya , Turnbaugh Peter J , Ul-Hasan Sabah , van der Hooft Justin JJ , Vargas Fernando , Vázquez-Baeza Yoshiki , Vogtmann Emily , von Hippel Max , Walters William , Wan Yunhu , Wang Mingxun , Warren Jonathan , Weber Kyle C , Williamson Chase HD , Willis Amy D , Xu Zhenjiang Zech , Zaneveld Jesse R , Zhang Yilong , Zhu Qiyun , Knight Rob , Caporaso J Gregory
Published: December 2018

We present QIIME 2, an open-source microbiome data science platform accessible to users spanning the microbiome research ecosystem, from scientists and engineers to clinicians and policy makers. QIIME 2 provides new features that will drive the next generation of microbiome research. These include interactive spatial and temporal analysis and visualization tools, support for metabolomics and shotgun metagenomics analysis, and automated data provenance tracking to ensure reproducible, transparent microbiome data science.
Genome-wide identification and transcriptional expression analysis of superoxide dismutase (SOD) family in wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Authors: Jiang Wenqiang J. , Yang Lei Y. , He Yiqin H. , Zhang Haotian Z. , Li Wei L. , Chen Huaigu C. , Ma Dongfang M. , Yin Junliang Y.
Published: December 2018

Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are a key antioxidant enzyme family, which plays a critical function in plant growth and development. Previously, this gene family has been investigated in Arabidopsis and rice. In the present study, it was the first time for us to perform a genome-wide analysis of SOD gene family in wheat. And using bioinformatics-based methods, 26 SOD genes were identified from the whole genome of wheat, including 17 Cu/Zn-SODs, 6 Fe-SODs, and 3 Mn-SODs. The chromosomal distribution analysis revealed that SOD genes are only distributed on 2, 4 and 7 chromosomes of wheat. Phylogenetic analyses with SODs from wheat and several other species revealed that these SOD proteins can divided into two major categories. SOD1 is mainly composed of Cu/Zn-SODs, and SOD2 is mainly composed of Fe-SODs and Mn-SODs. Gene structure and motif analysis indicated that most of the SOD genes have relatively conserved exon/intron arrangement and motif composition. Analysis of transcriptional data indicated that most of the wheat SOD genes are expressed in almost all the tested tissues and it possibly have important function in abiotic stress. Taken together, our results provide a basis for further functional research on SOD gene family in wheat and facilitate their potential applications in the genetic improvement of wheat.
Biosynthesis of histone messenger RNA employs a specific 3' end endonuclease
Authors: Pettinati Ilaria , Grzechnik Pawel , Ribeiro de Almeida Claudia , Brem Jurgen , McDonough Michael A , Dhir Somdutta , Proudfoot Nick J , Schofield Christopher J
Published: December 2018

Replication-dependent (RD) core histone mRNA produced during S-phase is the only known metazoan protein-coding mRNA presenting a 3' stem-loop instead of the otherwise universal polyA tail. A metallo β-lactamase (MBL) fold enzyme, cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor 73 (CPSF73), is proposed to be the sole endonuclease responsible for 3' end processing of both mRNA classes. We report cellular, genetic, biochemical, substrate selectivity, and crystallographic studies providing evidence that an additional endoribonuclease, MBL domain containing protein 1 (MBLAC1), is selective for 3' processing of RD histone pre-mRNA during the S-phase of the cell cycle. Depletion of MBLAC1 in cells significantly affects cell cycle progression thus identifying MBLAC1 as a new type of S-phase-specific cancer target.
Molecular pathway analysis towards understanding tissue vulnerability in spinocerebellar ataxia type 1
Authors: Driessen Terri M , Lee Paul J , Lim Janghoo
Published: December 2018

The neurodegenerative disorder spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) affects the cerebellum and inferior olive, though previous research has focused primarily on the cerebellum. As a result, it is unknown what molecular alterations are present in the inferior olive, and whether these changes are found in other affected tissues. This study addresses these questions for the first time using two different SCA1 mouse models. We found that differentially regulated genes in the inferior olive segregated into several biological pathways. Comparison of the inferior olive and cerebellum demonstrates that vulnerable tissues in SCA1 are not uniform in their gene expression changes, and express largely discrete but some commonly enriched biological pathways. Importantly, we also found that brain-region-specific differences occur early in disease initiation and progression, and they are shared across the two mouse models of SCA1. This suggests different mechanisms of degeneration at work in the inferior olive and cerebellum.
Interpretación genérica de sintagmas nominales con núcleo elíptico
Authors: Gutiérrez Rodríguez Edita
Published: December 2018

En este trabajo vamos a ocuparnos de sintagmas nominales con núcleo elíptico y significado inespecífico que refieren genéricamente a personas. Estos sintagmas no recuperan el contenido de su núcleo elíptico anafórica o deícticamente, por lo que se ha propuesto un tratamiento pronominal de los determinantes para ellos. Tras estudiar las condiciones de legitimación de la categoría vacía, mostraremos que se puede sostener que también en estos casos hay un núcleo nominal nulo. La categoría vacía tiene significado humano, se legitima solo en contextos genéricos y con ciertos determinantes que permiten una lectura no anafórica. Sus rasgos se recuperan con un mecanismo de último recurso que se aplica cuando no se dan las condiciones para que se produzca ligado discursivo. Este mismo mecanismo es el que permite interpretar los sujetos arbitrarios de los infinitivos
Los estados y el argumento davidsoniano
Authors: Marín Rafael
Published: December 2018

En este artículo nos planteamos dos objetivos básicos. En primer lugar, proporcionar una más adecuada caracterización de los estados, fundamentalmente mediante la revisión de buena parte de los diagnósticos que se han propuesto hasta la fecha. En segundo lugar, aportar una serie de pruebas que demuestran que los estados carecen de argumento eventivo, de acuerdo con Davidson (1967) y contra la idea planteada por los neo-davidsonianos (Parsons, 1990). Como comprobaremos, ni siquiera los estados stage-level disponen de tal argumento eventivo,  contra Kratzer (1995). A modo de conclusión, veremos que los estados, desde un punto de vista ontológico, pueden denotar situaciones con un cierto anclaje temporal, pero carecen de anclaje espacial (§6).
Coral disease prevalence estimation and sampling design
Authors: Jordán-Dahlgren Eric , Jordán-Garza Adán G. , Rodríguez-Martínez Rosa E.
Published: December 2018

In the last decades diseases have changed coral communities’ structure and function in reefs worldwide. Studies conducted to evaluate the effect of diseases on corals frequently use modified adaptations of sampling designs that were developed to study ecological aspects of coral reefs. Here we evaluate how efficient these sampling protocols are by generating virtual data for a coral population parameterized with mean coral density and disease prevalence estimates from the Caribbean scleractinian Orbicella faveolata at the Mexican Caribbean. Six scenarios were tested consisting of three patterns of coral colony distribution (random, randomly clustered and randomly over-dispersed) and two disease transmission modes (random and contagious). The virtual populations were sampled with the commonly used method of belt-transects with variable sample-unit sizes (10 × 1, 10 × 2, 25 × 2, 50 × 2 m). Results showed that the probability of obtaining a mean coral disease prevalence estimate of ±5% of the true prevalence value was low (range: 11–48%) and that two-sample comparisons achieved rather low power, unless very large effect sizes existed. Such results imply low statistical confidence to assess differences or changes in coral disease prevalence. The main problem identified was insufficient sample size because local mean colony size, density and spatial distribution of targeted coral species was not taken into consideration to properly adjust the sampling protocols.
Shielding effects of myelin sheath on axolemma depolarization under transverse electric field stimulation
Authors: Ye Hui , Ng Jeffrey
Published: December 2018

Axonal stimulation with electric currents is an effective method for controlling neural activity. An electric field parallel to the axon is widely accepted as the predominant component in the activation of an axon. However, recent studies indicate that the transverse component to the axolemma is also effective in depolarizing the axon. To quantitatively investigate the amount of axolemma polarization induced by a transverse electric field, we computed the transmembrane potential (Vm) for a conductive body that represents an unmyelinated axon (or the bare axon between the myelin sheath in a myelinated axon). We also computed the transmembrane potential of the sheath-covered axonal segment in a myelinated axon. We then systematically analyzed the biophysical factors that affect axonal polarization under transverse electric stimulation for both the bare and sheath-covered axons. Geometrical patterns of polarization of both axon types were dependent on field properties (magnitude and field orientation to the axon). Polarization of both axons was also dependent on their axolemma radii and electrical conductivities. The myelin provided a significant “shielding effect” against the transverse electric fields, preventing excessive axolemma depolarization. Demyelination could allow for prominent axolemma depolarization in the transverse electric field, via a significant increase in myelin conductivity. This shifts the voltage drop of the myelin sheath to the axolemma. Pathological changes at a cellular level should be considered when electric fields are used for the treatment of demyelination diseases. The calculated term for membrane polarization (Vm) could be used to modify the current cable equation that describes axon excitation by an external electric field to account for the activating effects of both parallel and transverse fields surrounding the target axon.
Exploring mechanisms that affect coral cooperation: symbiont transmission mode, cell density and community composition
Authors: Kenkel Carly D. , Bay Line K.
Published: December 2018

The coral symbiosis is the linchpin of the reef ecosystem, yet the mechanisms that promote and maintain cooperation between hosts and symbionts have not been fully resolved. We used a phylogenetically controlled design to investigate the role of vertical symbiont transmission, an evolutionary mechanism in which symbionts are inherited directly from parents, predicted to enhance cooperation and holobiont fitness. Six species of coral, three vertical transmitters and their closest horizontally transmitting relatives, which exhibit environmental acquisition of symbionts, were fragmented and subjected to a 2-week thermal stress experiment. Symbiont cell density, photosynthetic function and translocation of photosynthetically fixed carbon between symbionts and hosts were quantified to assess changes in physiological performance and cooperation. All species exhibited similar decreases in symbiont cell density and net photosynthesis in response to elevated temperature, consistent with the onset of bleaching. Yet baseline cooperation, or translocation of photosynthate, in ambient conditions and the reduction in cooperation in response to elevated temperature differed among species. AlthoughPorites lobataandGalaxea acrheliadid exhibit the highest levels of baseline cooperation, we did not observe universally higher levels of cooperation in vertically transmitting species.Post hocsequencing of theSymbiodiniumITS-2 locus was used to investigate the potential role of differences in symbiont community composition. Interestingly, reductions in cooperation at the onset of bleaching tended to be associated with increased symbiont community diversity among coral species. The theoretical benefits of evolving vertical transmission are based on the underlying assumption that the host-symbiont relationship becomes genetically uniform, thereby reducing competition among symbionts. Taken together, our results suggest that it may not be vertical transmissionper sethat influences host-symbiont cooperation, but genetic uniformity of the symbiont community, although additional work is needed to test this hypothesis.
Plasmodium palmitoylation machinery engineered in E. coli for high‐throughput screening of palmitoyl acyl‐transferase inhibitors
Authors: Yadav Preeti , Ayana R , Garg Swati , Jain Ravi , Sah Raj , Joshi Nishant , Pati Soumya , Singh Shailja
Published: November 2018

Lipid‐based palmitoylation is a post‐translation modification (PTM) which acts as a biological rheostat in life cycle progression of a deadly human malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum. P. falciparum palmitoylation is catalyzed by 12 putative palmitoyl acyl‐transferase enzymes containing the conserved DHHC‐CRD (DHHC motif within a cysteine‐rich domain) which can serve as a druggable target. However, the paucity of high‐throughput assays has impeded the design of drugs targeting palmitoylation. We have developed a novel strategy which involves engineering of Escherichia coli, a PTM‐null system, to enforce ectopic expression of palmitoyl acyl‐transferase in order to study Plasmodium‐specific palmitoylation and screening of inhibitors. In this study, we have developed three synthetic E. coli strains expressing Plasmodium‐specific DHHC proteins (PfDHHC7/8/9). These cells were used for validating acyl‐transferase activity via acyl‐biotin exchange (ABE) and clickable chemistry methods. E. coli proteome was found to be palmitoylated in PfDHHC‐expressing clones, suggesting that plasmodium DHHC can catalyze palmitoylation of E. coli proteins. Upon treatment with generic inhibitor 2‐bromopalmitate (2‐BMP), a predominant reduction in palmitic acid incorporation is detected. Overall, these findings suggest that synthetic E. coli strains expressing PfDHHCs can enforce global palmitoylation in the E. coli proteome. Interestingly, this finding was corroborated by our in silico palmitoylome profiling, which revealed that out of the total E. coli proteome, 108 proteins were predicted to be palmitoylated as represented by the presence of three cysteine consensus motifs (cluster type I, II, III). In summary, our study reports a proof of concept for screening of chemotherapeutics targeting the palmitoylation machinery using a high‐throughput screening platform.
Which technique of positioning and immobilization is better for breast cancer patients in postmastectomy IMRT, single‐pole or double‐pole immobilization?
Authors: Xiang Qun , Jie Wuyun , Zhu KuiKui , Wang Qiong , Cheng Jing
Published: December 2018

Purpose

Our purpose was to explore which immobilization is more suitable for clinical practice in postmastectomy intensity modulation radiotherapy, the single‐pole position or the double‐pole position?

Methods

Patients treated with postmastectomy intensity modulation radiotherapy were eligible. They were selected randomly for single‐pole position or double‐pole position. Dose–volume histogram (DVH) was used to evaluate plans. After their first radiotherapy, the physicians asked a question about the comfort level of their position. The dosimetric parameters, comfort levels, and reproducibility of the two immobilization techniques were collected and analyzed after all patients had finished the whole radiotherapy.

Results

Totally, 94 patients were enrolled. Of these, 54 patients were treated with the single‐pole position, 28 (51.9%)had left‐sided lesions. While 40 patients were treated with the double‐pole position, 20 (50%) had left‐sided lesions. Patients’ characteristics in two groups were comparable. The single‐pole and double‐pole immobilizations had similar conformity (0.60 ± 0.05 vs 0.60 ± 0.06, P = 0.887) and homogeneity index (0.14 ± 0.03 vs 0.13 ± 0.03, P = 0.407). Compared to single‐pole position, double‐pole position typically increased the mean dose, V20, and V30 of heart (P < 0.05). Moreover, patients in the single‐pole group felt more comfortable than another group (P < 0.05). There was no difference in reproducibility between the two groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusions

Single‐pole position seems to be more comfortable and can reduce dose coverage to heart. Both devices allow for reproducible setup and acceptable dosimetry.
Bioinspired Hydrogel Electrospun Fibers for Spinal Cord Regeneration
Authors: Chen Chunmao , Tang Jincheng , Gu Yong , Liu Lili , Liu Xingzhi , Deng Lianfu , Martins Cláudia , Sarmento Bruno , Cui Wenguo , Chen Liang
Published: December 2018

Fully simulating the components and microstructures of soft tissue is a challenge for its functional regeneration. A new aligned hydrogel microfiber scaffold for spinal cord regeneration is constructed with photocrosslinked gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) and electrospinning technology. The directional porous hydrogel fibrous scaffold consistent with nerve axons is vital to guide cell migration and axon extension. The GelMA hydrogel electrospun fibers soak up water more than six times their weight, with a lower Young's modulus, providing a favorable survival and metabolic environment for neuronal cells. GelMA fibers further demonstrate higher antinestin, anti‐Tuj‐1, antisynaptophysin, and anti‐CD31 gene expression in neural stem cells, neuronal cells, synapses, and vascular endothelial cells, respectively. In contrast, anti‐GFAP and anti‐CS56 labeled astrocytes and glial scars of GelMA fibers are shown to be present in a lesser extent compared with gelatin fibers. The soft bionic scaffold constructed with electrospun GelMA hydrogel fibers not only facilitates the migration of neural stem cells and induces their differentiation into neuronal cells, but also inhibits the glial scar formation and promotes angiogenesis. Moreover, the scaffold with a high degree of elasticity can resist deformation without the protection of a bony spinal canal. The bioinspired aligned hydrogel microfiber proves to be efficient and versatile in triggering functional regeneration of the spinal cord.
Tumor Lysate‐Loaded Lipid Hybrid Nanovaccine Collaborated with an Immune Checkpoint Antagonist for Combination Immunotherapy
Authors: Hu Xiaomeng , Wu Tingting , Qin Xianya , Qi Yan , Qiao Qi , Yang Conglian , Zhang Zhiping
Published: December 2018

Cancer vaccines have shown great potential for treating different types of cancer. However, the application of vaccination still presents two major challenges. One is efficiency of antigen delivery, and the other is dealing with immune tolerance accompanied with tumor development. Lipid zinc phosphate hybrid nanoparticles (LZnP NPs) with a unique material structure can realize efficient delivery of antigens to dendritic cells (DCs) and also serve as an adjuvant to promote immune responses. Herein, ZnP NPs are introduced to load toll‐like receptor 4 agonist (monophosphoryl lipid A) and B16F10 melanoma cell‐derived tumor lysate (TLS) for vaccination. To regulate immune tolerance, the immune checkpoint antagonist, d‐peptide antagonist (DPPA‐1), is involved in treatment. TLS‐loaded LZnP nanovaccine can efficiently prime DCs and induce cytotoxic T lymphocytes response. The explored combination treatment further exhibits the anticipated tumor inhibition on therapeutic and prophylactic melanoma models with extended survival time. It demonstrates the possibility to combine TLS‐loaded LZnP nanovaccine with DPPA‐1 against melanoma and provides support to optimize the combination treatment based on nanovaccine and immune checkpoint therapy.
Atomic Structure and Electrical Activity of Grain Boundaries and Ruddlesden–Popper Faults in Cesium Lead Bromide Perovskite
Authors: Thind Arashdeep Singh , Luo Guangfu , Hachtel Jordan A. , Morrell Maria V. , Cho Sung Beom , Borisevich Albina Y. , Idrobo Juan‐Carlos , Xing Yangchuan , Mishra Rohan
Published: December 2018

To evaluate the role of planar defects in lead‐halide perovskites—cheap, versatile semiconducting materials—it is critical to examine their structure, including defects, at the atomic scale and develop a detailed understanding of their impact on electronic properties. In this study, postsynthesis nanocrystal fusion, aberration‐corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy, and first‐principles calculations are combined to study the nature of different planar defects formed in CsPbBr3 nanocrystals. Two types of prevalent planar defects from atomic resolution imaging are observed: previously unreported Br‐rich [001](210)∑5 grain boundaries (GBs) and Ruddlesden–Popper (RP) planar faults. The first‐principles calculations reveal that neither of these planar faults induce deep defect levels, but their Br‐deficient counterparts do. It is found that the ∑5 GB repels electrons and attracts holes, similar to an n–p–n junction, and the RP planar defects repel both electrons and holes, similar to a semiconductor–insulator–semiconductor junction. Finally, the potential applications of these findings and their implications to understand the planar defects in organic–inorganic lead‐halide perovskites that have led to solar cells with extremely high photoconversion efficiencies are discussed.
Polymer Doping Enables a Two‐Dimensional Electron Gas for High‐Performance Homojunction Oxide Thin‐Film Transistors
Authors: Chen Yao , Huang Wei , Sangwan Vinod K. , Wang Binghao , Zeng Li , Wang Gang , Huang Yan , Lu Zhiyun , Bedzyk Michael J. , Hersam Mark C. , Marks Tobin J. , Facchetti Antonio
Published: November 2018

High‐performance solution‐processed metal oxide (MO) thin‐film transistors (TFTs) are realized by fabricating a homojunction of indium oxide (In2O3) and polyethylenimine (PEI)‐doped In2O3 (In2O3:x% PEI, x = 0.5–4.0 wt%) as the channel layer. A two‐dimensional electron gas (2DEG) is thereby achieved by creating a band offset between the In2O3 and PEI‐In2O3 via work function tuning of the In2O3:x% PEI, from 4.00 to 3.62 eV as the PEI content is increased from 0.0 (pristine In2O3) to 4.0 wt%, respectively. The resulting devices achieve electron mobilities greater than 10 cm2 V−1 s−1 on a 300 nm SiO2 gate dielectric. Importantly, these metrics exceed those of the devices composed of the pristine In2O3 materials, which achieve a maximum mobility of ≈4 cm2 V−1 s−1. Furthermore, a mobility as high as 30 cm2 V−1 s−1 is achieved on a high‐k ZrO2 dielectric in the homojunction devices. This is the first demonstration of 2DEG‐based homojunction oxide TFTs via band offset achieved by simple polymer doping of the same MO material.
Region‐Dependent and Stable Ferroelectric Photovoltaic Effect Driven by Novel In‐Plane Self‐Polarization in Narrow‐Bandgap Bi2FeMo0.7Ni0.3O6 Thin Film
Authors: Li Yong , Cui Xiaxia , Sun Ningning , Du Jinhua , Li Xiaowei , Jia Guixiao , Hao Xihong
Published: December 2018

Ferroelectric polarization is a crucial factor to induce photovoltaic (PV) effect in ferroelectric materials. Here, a novel in‐plane self‐polarization is found for the first time in a polycrystalline Bi2FeMo0.7Ni0.3O6 thin film prepared by the sol–gel process. Different from out‐of‐plane polarization with uniform orientation in the vertical direction, the in‐plane self‐polarization exhibits radialized orientation which points from the center of the thin film to its edges in the horizontal direction. It is demonstrated that the forming of the self‐polarization is attributed to the internal electric field caused by NiBi dipoles. The peculiar polarization induces the region‐dependent ferroelectric PV effect and rectification behavior in the horizontal direction of the thin film. Moreover, in a long time and wide temperature range, the thin film maintains the stable PV properties due to the constant self‐polarization state. This work makes a new cognition for the nature of ferroelectric polarization, and it highlights the Bi2FeMo0.7Ni0.3O6 thin film as a PV and electronic material for peculiar photoelectric devices.
Highly Fluorescent Liquid Crystals from Excited‐State Intramolecular Proton Transfer Molecules
Authors: Zhang Wanying , Sakurai Tsuneaki , Aotani Mika , Watanabe Go , Yoshida Hiroyuki , Padalkar Vikas S. , Tsutsui Yusuke , Sakamaki Daisuke , Ozaki Masanori , Seki Shu
Published: December 2018

Fluorescence via excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) provides strong light emission with a large Stokes shift and environment‐sensitive unique spectral patterns. Particular systems including 2‐(2‐hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole (HBT) serve as efficient solid‐state emitters with the ESIPT mechanism and aggregation‐induced emission enhancement (AIEE) property, but have not been used for liquid crystalline (LC) materials. Here, rod‐shaped fluorescent LCs with ESIPT characters are newly developed based on the HBT motif. The design of the targeted molecules is in line with a simple design principle: a molecule with an alkyl tail, rigid ring, and active HBT core. The LC C6Ph‐HBT is highly luminescent in the solid state with an absolute fluorescence quantum yield (ΦFL) up to 0.39 and exhibits anisotropic fluorescence in its nematic LC phase. C6Ph‐HBT is miscible up to 6 wt% with a conventional room‐temperature (r.t.) nematic LC 4‐cyano‐4′‐pentylbiphenyl (5CB), allowing homogeneous fluorescent r.t. LCs. The LC mixture 5CB/C6Ph‐HBT shows ΦFL of 0.26 even in the nonaggregated state, and responds to an electric field with dynamic modulation of not only the optical transparency but also polarized fluorescence. The interplay of highly efficient fluorescence from ESIPT cores and their visible transparency is encouraging for future optical applications of the present molecular systems.
Some insights into the structure and morphology of surfactant‐doped poly(o‐toluidine)
Authors: Farooq Shehna , Shah Anwar‐ul‐Haq Ali , Bilal Salma
Published: December 2018

Poly(o‐toluidine) (POT) doped with dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid (DBSA) was synthesized by inverse emulsion polymerization and characterized systematically for morphological, structural, electrochemical, and thermal properties with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). SEM demonstrated irregular granular morphology of the polymer with high porosity similar to polyaniline (PANI). The size distribution of POT salts was analyzed using Nano Measurer 1.2.5 software from scanning electron micrographs. The semicrystalline nature, with crystallite size and d‐spacing in the range of 21.4–30.2 nm and 4.93–4.99 Å, respectively, was confirmed from XRD. The activation energy (Ea) of degradation was calculated from TGA curves using Coats and Redfern (39.92–47.50 kJ/mol) & Horwitz and Metzger (50.09 ̶ 57.45 kJ/mol) methods, respectively. The small crystallite size, high thermal stability, and high values of the activation energy of degradation reveal that DBSA is an efficient dopant for POT and imparts interesting characteristics to this otherwise less thermally stable polymer. The fast rate of electron transfer of POT, as confirmed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, reveals its high electrochemical activity toward electrolyte. Potentiodynamic polarization measurement of POT‐coated stainless steel showed large anodic potential shift as compared to uncoated stainless steel, illustrated good anticorrosion performance. The enhanced anticorrosion performance is due to synergic effect of dopant which increases the contortion of diffusion pathway of corrosive substance.
Structurally Ordered Fe3Pt Nanoparticles on Robust Nitride Support as a High Performance Catalyst for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Liu Quanbing , Du Li , Fu Gengtao , Cui Zhiming , Li Yutao , Dang Dai , Gao Xiang , Zheng Qiang , Goodenough John B.
Published: December 2018

The commercialization of fuel cell technologies requires a significant reduction in the amount of expensive platinum catalyst in the cathode while still maintaining high catalytic activity and stability. Herein a cost‐effective, highly durable, and efficient catalyst consisting of ordered Fe3Pt nanoparticles supported by mesoporous Ti0.5Cr0.5N (Fe3Pt/Ti0.5Cr0.5N) is demonstrated. The Fe3Pt/Ti0.5Cr0.5N catalyst exhibits a five‐fold increase in mass activity relative to a Pt/C catalyst at 0.9 V for the oxygen reduction reaction. More importantly, the catalyst shows a minimal loss of activity after 5000 potential cycles (9.7%). The enhanced activity of the ordered Fe3Pt/Ti0.5Cr0.5N catalyst, in combination with its enhanced stability, makes it very promising for the development of new cathode catalysts for fuel cells.
Robust Pitch on Silicon Nanolayer–Embedded Graphite for Suppressing Undesirable Volume Expansion
Authors: Choi Seong‐Hyeon , Nam Gyutae , Chae Sujong , Kim Donghyuk , Kim Namhyung , Kim Won Sik , Ma Jiyoung , Sung Jaekyung , Han Seung Min , Ko Minseong , Lee Hyun‐Wook , Cho Jaephil
Published: December 2018

A significant volume expansion exhibited by high‐capacity active materials upon lithiation has hindered their application as Li‐ion battery anode materials. Although tremendous progress has been made in the development of coating methods that improve the stability of high‐capacity active materials, suitable coating sources that are both strong and economical to use are yet to be discovered. Pitch is reported here as a promising coating source for high‐capacity anodes owing to the high mechanical strength and low‐cost process. Using in situ transmission electron microscopy, it is found that pitch can withstand the severe volume expansion that occurs upon Si lithiation owing to its high mechanical strength, originating from the long‐range graphitic ordering. Notably, pitch‐coated silicon nanolayer–embedded graphite (SG) exhibits superior capacity retention (81.9%) compared to that of acetylene‐coated SG (66%) over 200 cycles in a full‐cell by effectively mitigating volume expansion, even under industrial electrode density conditions (1.6 g cc−1). Thus, this work presents new possibilities for the development of high‐capacity anodes for industrial implementation.
In Situ Encapsulation of Iron Complex Nanoparticles into Biomass‐Derived Heteroatom‐Enriched Carbon Nanotubes for High‐Performance Supercapacitors
Authors: Zhang Jingjing , Zhao Huaping , Li Jun , Jin Huile , Yu Xiaochun , Lei Yong , Wang Shun
Published: December 2018

The capacitive performance of carbon materials could be enhanced by means of increasing the number of active sites, the surface area, and the porosity as well as through incorporating heteroatoms into the carbon framework. However, the charge storage through electric double‐layer mechanism results in limited increase in capacitance of modified carbon materials. Herein, a simple and straightforward strategy is introduced for in situ synthesizing iron complex (FeX, which X includes O, C, and P) nanoparticles encapsulated into biomass‐derived N, P‐codoped carbon nanotubes (NPCNTs), using a natural resource, egg yolk, as heteroatom‐enriched carbon sources and potassium ferricyanide as the precursor for iron complex. Compared with heteroatom‐enriched carbon nanomaterials derived from the carbonization of egg yolk, the synergetic function of the heteroatom doping, the incorporation of FeX nanoparticles, and the unique structural characteristics endows the as‐prepared sample with largely improved electrochemical performance. As expected, FeX@NPCNTs hybrid nanomaterials exhibit superior capacitive performance, including high specific capacitance, impressive rate performance, and excellent cycle stability. Using the as‐prepared FeX@NPCNTs hybrid nanomaterials as electroactive materials, a symmetric supercapacitor with high capacity and a long‐term cyclability is finally demonstrated (more than 99% capacitance retention after 50 000 cycles at a current density of 10 A g−1).
Sexual harassment and its relationship with depressive symptoms: A nationwide study of Korean EMS providers
Authors: Yoo Junghun , Kim Ji‐Hwan , Yoon Jaehong , Kim Seung‐Sup
Published: December 2018

Background

Emergency medical service (EMS) providers may face sexual harassment (SH) from citizens. No studies have assessed SH prevalence and its association with depressive symptoms among EMS providers in South Korea.

Methods

We conducted a nationwide cross‐sectional survey of 1346 EMS providers in South Korea. SH experience was assessed by asking, “During the past 12 months, have you ever experienced sexual harassment on duty by civil citizens?” Depressive symptoms during the preceding week were assessed using the Centers for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Modified Poisson regression was applied to examine association between SH and depressive symptoms.

Results

Among EMS providers, 28.1% of females and 5.6% of males reported sexual harassment. In the gender‐stratified analysis, EMS providers those who experienced SH were more likely to have depressive symptoms among females (PR: 2.97, 95% CI: 1.99, 4.44) and males (PR: 2.01, 95% CI: 1.41, 2.86).

Conclusions

Female EMS providers were about five times more likely to experience SH than males.
Simulated Molecular Evolution for Anticancer Peptide Design
Authors: Neuhaus Claudia S. , Gabernet Gisela , Steuer Christian , Root Katharina , Hiss Jan A. , Zenobi Renato , Schneider Gisbert
Published: December 2018

A computational technique based on a simulated molecular evolution protocol was employed for anticancer peptide (ACP) design. Starting from known ACPs, innovative bioactive peptides were automatically generated in computer‐assisted design–synthesize–test cycles. This design algorithm offers a viable strategy for the generation of novel peptide sequences, without requiring a priori structure–activity knowledge. Sequence morphing and activity improvement were achieved through iterative amino acid variation and selection. Results show that not only the interaction of ACPs with the target membrane is important for their anticancer activity, but also the degree of peptide dimerization, which was corroborated by temperature profiling and electrospray mass spectrometry.
Attrition‐Enhanced Deracemization of the Antimalaria Drug Mefloquine
Authors: Engwerda Anthonius H. J. , Maassen Rick , Tinnemans Paul , Meekes Hugo , Rutjes Floris P. J. T. , Vlieg Elias
Published: December 2018

Mefloquine is an important drug for prevention and treatment of malaria. It is commercially available as a racemic mixture, wherein only one enantiomer is active against malaria, while the other one causes severe psychotropic effects. By converting the drug into a compound that crystallizes as a racemizable racemic conglomerate, the deracemization of mefloquine into the desired enantiomer was achieved.