bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Retrodigitalizacija i interpretacija gramatika tiskanih do sredine 19. stoljeća
Authors: Stolac Diana
Published: December 2024

Povijest europskih jezika bilježi stoljeća objavljivanja gramatika koje opisuju strukture jezika tražeći najbolji model takva opisa. U radu se govori o dvjema strategijama opisa koje nalazimo u prvih gramatičara. Prva je pokušaj opisa jezične strukture prema već uspostavljenom modelu opisa latinskoga jezika kao jezika europskoga obrazovanja. Druga je strategija usporedba s drugim europskim jezicima. Obje su te strategije potvrđene u hrvatskim gramatikama do sredine 19. stoljeća. Korpus za ovo istraživanje čini osam gramatika tiskanih između 1604. i 1812. godine autora B. Kašića, L. Šitovića, A. Della Belle, M. A. Relkovića, I. Szentmártonya, J. Voltića, F. M. Appendinija i Š. Starčevića. Pokazuje se da obje strategije imaju i pozitivne i negativne efekte na svaku od gramatičkih kategorija koje se opisuju. Analizirane su one temeljne gramatičke kategorije za koje možemo utvrditi da nisu odgovarajuće opisane. U analiziranim gramatikama posebno se izdvaja broj padeža, s naglaskom na odnosnima genitiv – ablativ, dativ – lokativ, potom se komentira uporabljeno nazivlje. Tek će Starčevićeva kao prva gramatika koja opisuje ustrojstvo hrvatskoga jezika bez usporedbe s drugim europskim jezicima (njemačkim, talijanskim…) ponuditi gramatički opis s manje balasta uzrokovanoga gramatičkom strukturom drugoga jezika. Da bi se mogle analizirati ostale gramatičke kategorije, odnosno cjelovita gramatička struktura, nužno je omogućiti dostupnost povijesnih gramatika. Predstavlja se projekt retrodigitalizacije gramatika. Retrodigitalizacija hrvatskih gramatika podrazumijeva prebacivanje teksta s tiskanoga medija u računalno čitljiv i pretraživ tekst. Omogućava se uvid u sustav svakoga gramatičara, ali i lakše uspoređivanje njihovih opisa. Tako zamišljen i proveden projekt nudi model za slična buduća istraživanja ne samo hrvatske nego i europske filologije.
The Criminological Roles and Effects on Peace, Safety and Security in South Africa
Authors: Mphatheni Mandlenkosi Richard , Nkosi Sphamandla Lindani
Published: December 2024

Even though criminology is gaining ground as a discipline, it still needs to be determined whether it is an independent or settled disciplinary state. Despite the proliferation of criminological journals, monograph series, departments, and degree programmes, it is believed that criminology, as a post-crime society’s intellectual progeny, has adapted to address the difficulties of pre-crime peace, safety, and security in the African continent. This article looks at the essential roles and effects of criminology in modern society as a tool to guarantee peace, safety, and security on this continent. This study followed a systematic review method with the aid of exploratory design to understand the relevance of criminology in promoting safety and security in Africa. The article also researched the current position of criminology in various parts of the African continent by applying literature reviews. The findings suggest that criminology should be continuously subjected to review and transitions as it lacks identity and mission regarding safety and security in Africa.

Keywords: Africa, Criminology, Diversity, Peace, Safety, Security.
The Church and the Use of Family Planning: A Case Study of the Presbyterian Church of Ghana, Ebenezer Congregation, Old Tafo
Authors: Adjei Samuel , Abrokwah Ebenezer , Boaheng Isaac
Published: December 2024

The debate on whether the use of family planning methods within the Ghanaian Christian circle is a sin or not has been going on for quite some time now. The misunderstanding and misinterpretation of some Biblical texts like Genesis 1: 28 and Genesis 3 have led to this confusion in Ghanaian Christian circles. This paper used both empirical and non-empirical methodology and a qualitative research method with a case study approach to analyse some biblical texts; traditional concepts and contextualization of the use of family planning methods in the Presbyterian Church of Ghana, Ebenezer Congregation, Old Tafo. The findings of this paper are that: the Bible does not condone the use of family planning methods. Also, the Akan people of Ghana, do not frown on the use of family planning methods. The article concluded that family planning is not a sin from both biblical and Akan cultural perspectives. The authors recommended that: there should be extensive family planning education by the government; public education on the side effects of the use of some family planning methods; teaching family planning in the church will also be beneficial to members and there should be a critical reading of the Bible to guide the creation of church doctrines. The key findings from this paper contributes to Christian ethics by educating Ghanaian Christians on the concept of family planning.

Keywords: Family Planning, Akan, Presbyterian Church of Ghana, Infertility,
Theologies for the Welfare of the Church Ministers: Insights from Evangelical Fellowship of Zimbabwe
Authors: Sande Nomatter
Published: December 2024

Issues concerning the welfare of the church ministers should go beyond denominational levels and focus on treating ministerial work as both a call from God and a profession. Revisiting the Biblical concept of remunerations is critical in the 21st century, where contextual generosity must be considered. Church leaders should not be left only to rely on biblical principles or the guidance of the Spirit but employ economic justice when renumerating church ministers. The failing economy of Zimbabwe provides an opportunity for church ministers to manipulate scripture to survive, or their disputes spill over to secular courts, often with regrettable outcomes. Developing standardised theological benchmarks can provide some semblances of uniformity across the broad spectrum of various denominations or at least reference points that can be used to guard against exploitation of and or by the Church Ministers and other excesses that occur. This study explores the nature of the appropriate ecumenical theologies(s) for the welfare of the church ministers in Zimbabwe. The study used a qualitative approach, and questionnaires were used to gather data from selected church ministers of the Evangelical Fellowship of Zimbabwe. The findings show that Church Ministers’ remunerations reflect complex, broader theological, financial and governance issues within Christian churches. The study concludes that the socio-economic and emotional challenges affecting the church ministers require theologically grounded solutions embedded with contextual generosity. This study contributes to scholarship by showing the welfare and well-being challenges of Church Ministers in church communities.

Keywords: Welfare of Church Ministers, Evangelical Fellowship of Zimbabwe, Care for Pastors, grievances of the Church Ministers.
Reinforcement Learning for Data-driven Workflows in Radio Interferometry. I. Principal Demonstration in Calibration
Authors: Kirk Brian M. , Rau Urvashi , Ramyaa Ramyaa
Published: December 2024

Radio interferometry is an observational technique used to study astrophysical phenomena. Data gathered by an interferometer require substantial processing before astronomers can extract scientific information from them. Data processing consists of a sequence of calibration and analysis procedures where choices must be made about the sequence of procedures as well as the specific configuration of the procedure itself. These choices are typically based on a combination of measurable data characteristics, an understanding of the instrument itself, an appreciation of the trade-offs between compute cost and accuracy, and a learned understanding of what is considered best practice. A metric of absolute correctness is not always available and validity is often subject to human judgment. The underlying principles and software configurations to discern a reasonable workflow for a given data set is the subject of training workshops for students and scientists. Our goal is to use objective metrics that quantify best practice, and numerically map out the decision space with respect to our metrics. With these objective metrics we demonstrate an automated, data-driven, decision system that is capable of sequencing the optimal action(s) for processing interferometric data. This paper introduces a simplified description of the principles behind interferometry and the procedures required for data processing. We highlight the issues with current automation approaches and propose our ideas for solving these bottlenecks. A prototype is demonstrated and the results are discussed.
Rotational Velocities and Radii Estimates of Low-mass Pre-main-sequence Stars in NGC 2264
Authors: Gray Laurin M. , Rhode Katherine L. , Hamilton-Drager Catrina M. , Picard Tiffany , Rebull Luisa M.
Published: December 2024

Investigating the angular momentum evolution of pre-main-sequence (PMS) stars provides important insight into the interactions between Sun-like stars and their protoplanetary disks, and the timescales that govern disk dissipation and planet formation. We present projected rotational velocities (v sin i values) of 254 T Tauri stars (TTSs) in the ∼3 Myr old open cluster NGC 2264, measured using high-dispersion spectra from the WIYN 3.5 m telescope’s Hydra instrument. We combine these with literature values of temperature, rotation period, luminosity, disk classification, and binarity. We find some evidence that weak-lined TTSs may rotate faster than their classical TTS counterparts and that stars in binary systems may rotate faster than single stars. We also combine our v sin i measurements with rotation period to estimate the projected stellar radii of our sample stars, and then use a maximum likelihood modeling technique to compare our radii estimates to predicted values from stellar evolution models. We find that starspot-free models tend to underestimate the radii of the PMS stars at the age of the cluster, while models that incorporate starspots are more successful. We also observe a mass dependence in the degree of radius inflation, which may be a result of differences in the birth-line location on the HR diagram. Our study of NGC 2264 serves as a pilot study for analysis methods to be applied to four other clusters ranging in age from 1−14 Myr, which is the timescale over which protoplanetary disks dissipate and planetary systems begin to form.
Metal-strong Inflows at the Outer-galactic-scale of a Quasar
Authors: Tian Qiguo , Hao Lei , Zhou Yipeng , Shi Xiheng , Ji Tuo , Jiang Peng , Lin Lin , Zheng Zhenya , Zhou Hongyan
Published: December 2024

We present an analysis of the absorption-line system in the Very Large Telescope/Ultraviolet and Visual Echelle Spectrograph spectrum at a redshift of z
a = 3.1448 associated with the quasar SDSS J122040.23+092326.96, whose systematic redshift is z
e = 3.1380 ± 0.0007, measured from the Hβ+[O iii] emission lines in our newly acquired NIR P200/TripleSpec data. This absorbing system, detected in numerous absorption lines, including the N v, N iii, C iv, C iii, Si iv, Si iii, and H i Lyman series, can be resolved into seven kinematic components with redshifted velocities ranging from 200 to 900 km s−1. The high-ionization N v doublet detected and the rather narrow Lyman series measured (b ≈ 14 km s−1) suggest that the absorption gas is photoionized, possibly by the quasar. A low density is inferred by the fact that N iii
λ989.80 is significantly detected while N iii*λ991.57 (

log

n

c

=
3.3

cm

−
3

) is undetectably weak. A firm lower limit of a solar value to the abundance of the gas can be set based on the measurements of Si iv and H i column densities, as first proposed by F. Hamann. Detailed photoionization simulations indicate that T1, and possibly the absorber as a whole, has metallicities of Z ∼ 1.5 − 6.0 Z
☉, and is located at ∼15 kpc from the quasar nucleus. The metal-strong absorption inflows at the outskirt of the quasar host galaxy most likely originated in situ and were driven by stellar processes, such as stellar winds and/or supernova explosions. Such a relatively rare system may hold important clues to understanding the baryonic cycling of galaxies, and more cases could be picked out using relatively strong Si iv and weak Lyman absorption lines.
Leptohadronic Scenarios for TeV Extensions of Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglow Spectra
Authors: Klinger Marc , Yuan 袁 Chengchao 成超 , Taylor Andrew M. , Winter Walter
Published: December 2024

Recent multiwavelength observations of gamma-ray burst afterglows observed in the TeV energy range challenge the simplest synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) interpretation of this emission and are consistent with a single power-law component spanning over 8 orders of magnitude in energy. To interpret this generic behavior in the single-zone approximation without adding further free parameters, we perform an exhaustive parameter space study using the public, time-dependent, multimessenger transport software AM

3
. This description accounts for the radiation from nonthermal protons and the leptohadronic cascade induced by pp and p
γ interactions. We summarise the main scenarios that we have found (SSC, Extended-syn, Proton-syn, pp-cascade, and pγ-cascade) and discuss their advantages and limitations. We find that possible high-density environments, as may be typical for surrounding molecular cloud material, offer an alternative explanation for producing flat hard (source) spectra up to and beyond energies of 10 TeV.
Binary Stars Approaching Supermassive Black Holes: Tidal Breakup, Double Stellar Disruptions, and Stellar Collision
Authors: Yu Fangyuan , Lai Dong
Published: December 2024

In galactic centers, stars and binaries can be injected into low-angular-momentum orbits, resulting in close encounters with the central supermassive black hole (SMBH). Previous works have shown that under different conditions, such close encounters can lead to the breakup of the binary, disruptions of both stars, and collision between the stars. We use three-body scattering experiments to characterize these different outcomes for a range of system parameters, such as β

b
, the ratio of the binary tidal radius to the pericenter distance r

p
to the SMBH, and the compactness of the binary. We focus on stellar collisions, which occur for a range of β

b
s, with a few to tens of percent probabilities (depending on the compactness of the binary). In gentle encounters (β

b
≲ 1), stellar collisions occur after the pericenter passage, and the merger remnants are typically ejected from the SMBH at a small velocity. In deep encounters (β

b
≳ 1), collisions occur near the pericenter, with the impact velocity a few times the escape velocity of the star, and the merger remnants are typically bound to the SMBH. We suggest that stellar collisions induced by binary–SMBH encounters may produce exotic stars in galactic centers, trigger accretion flares onto the SMBH due to the mass loss, and result in bound merger remnants causing repeated partial tidal disruption events.
Solar Wind–Magnetosphere Coupling by the Kelvin–Helmholtz Instability at Mercury
Authors: Lai S. H. , Wang Y.-C. , Yang Y.-H. , Ip W.-H.
Published: December 2024

The Kelvin–Helmholtz instability (KHI) has been considered important in the energy transfer and momentum coupling between the solar wind and planetary magnetospheres. To explore this issue, we employ a two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulation to study the nonlinear evolution of the KHI at Mercury’s magnetopause using the parameters derived from a global hybrid simulation of MESSENGER’s first flyby of Mercury. Due to the absence of comprehensive plasma observations of Mercury’s magnetosphere, two scenarios are considered: one with a heavily loaded magnetosphere and the other with a weakly loaded magnetosphere, to demonstrate the development of the KHI under distinct levels of magnetospheric plasma density. Our results indicate that the KHI with a heavily loaded magnetosphere leads to a significantly more turbulent magnetopause and grows into the nonlinear fast-mode plane waves expanding away from the magnetopause. The momentum and energy flux quantified from our simulations reveal that the KHI with a heavily loaded magnetosphere can efficiently transport momentum and energy away from the magnetopause in the presence of the fast-mode plane waves. In the cases with a heavily loaded magnetosphere, observed in the inner magnetosphere, the momentum flux can reach 10−3 nPa, i.e., about 0.5% of the initial solar-wind dynamic pressure; the energy flux can be

1

0

-
2

erg

cm

-
2

s

-
1

,

and the energy density is about 1.5%–3.0% of the initial solar-wind energy. In the cases with a very thin magnetosphere, observed away from the magnetopause, the momentum flux is negligible and the energy flux is smaller without the presence of the fast-mode plane waves in the magnetosphere.
COSMOS2020: Disentangling the Role of Mass and Environment in Star Formation Activity of Galaxies at 0.4 < z < 4
Authors: Taamoli Sina , Nezhad Negin , Mobasher Bahram , Manesh Faezeh , Chartab Nima , Weaver John R. , Capak Peter L. , Casey Caitlin M. , Gozaliasl Ghassem , Heintz Kasper E. , Ilbert Olivier , Kartaltepe Jeyhan S. , McCracken Henry J. , Sanders David B. , Scoville Nicholas , Toft Sune , Watson Darach
Published: December 2024

The role of internal and environmental factors in the star formation activity of galaxies is still a matter of debate, in particular at higher redshifts. Leveraging the most recent release of the COSMOS catalog, COSMOS2020, as well as density measurements from our previous study, we disentangle the impact of environment and stellar mass on the star formation rate (SFR) and specific SFR (sSFR) of a sample of ∼210,000 galaxies within a redshift range of 0.4 < z < 4, and present our findings in three cosmic epochs: (1) out to z ∼ 1, the average SFR and sSFR decline in extremely dense environments and at the high-mass end of the distribution, which is mostly due to the presence of the massive quiescent population; (2) at 1 < z < 2, the environmental dependence diminishes, while mass is still the dominant factor in star formation activity; and (3) beyond z ∼ 2, our sample is dominated by star-forming galaxies and we observe a reversal of the trends seen in the local Universe—the average SFR increases with increasing environmental density. Our analysis shows that both environmental and mass quenching efficiencies increase with stellar mass at all redshifts, with mass being the dominant quenching factor in massive galaxies compared to environmental effects. At 2 < z < 4, negative values of environmental quenching efficiency suggest that the fraction of star-forming galaxies in dense environments exceeds that in less-dense regions, likely due to the greater availability of cold gas, higher merger rates, and tidal effects that trigger star formation activity.
Introduced greenhouse-invertebrates in Potsdam and Berlin with a focus on ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) with eight new records for Europe, Germany or the Berlin-Brandenburg region
Authors: Freyhof Elias , Janke Emil
Published: December 2024

Heated greenhouses are a hotspot for introduced species from warmer climates. We studied 24 greenhouses for their invertebrate fauna with a special focus on ants. Identifications were initialised by iNaturalist and its community, followed by literature, COI barcoding and consulting experts in some cases. We report 32 introduced species including eight new records at the regional, national or continental scale, four of which are ants. Technomyrmex difficilis and Solenopsis texana are recorded for the first time in Germany. Plagiolepis alluaudi and Technomyrmex vitiensis are new for Berlin and Brandenburg. Alepia cf. viatrix (Diptera, Psychodidae) is first recorded for continental Eurasia. Cryptotermes cavifrons (Blattodea, Kalotermitidae) and Geonemertes pelaensis (Hoplonemertea, Prosorhochmidae) are recorded the first time for Europe. An unidentified species of the genus Anisorhynchodemus (Tricladida, Geoplanidae) is recorded the first time for Germany. Here, we present records for 37 species (five of the ant species are native), all associated with pictures in iNaturalist. For 33 individuals of 20 species, we also provide COI sequence data supporting their identification. Furthermore, the comparison of greenhouse metadata with species composition showed that the introduced ant species are dependent on a high minimum temperature in the greenhouse.
Miscellaneous notes on the systematics of and synonymy in Entiminae (Coleoptera, Curculionidae)
Authors: Yunakov Nikolai , Korotyaev Boris , Alziar Gabriel
Published: December 2024

This work addresses a collection of miscellaneous notes intended to resolve several issues in synonymy and taxonomy of the Entiminae tribes Byrsopagini, Cyphicerini, Mesostyloidini, Phyllobiini and Polydrusini. New synonyms are herein proposed: Peronaspis Suvorov, 1915 = Viridistylus Colonnelli & Paladini, 2019, syn. nov.; Peronaspis claviger (Faust, 1894) = Viridistylus robustus Colonnelli & Paladini, 2019, syn. nov.; Titinia tenuis (Germar, 1848) = Myllocerus bacchus Voss, 1949, syn. nov.; Brachymerinthus Faust, 1886 = Parakasakhstania Magnano, 2009, syn. nov.; Brachyxystus subsignatus subsignatus Faust, 1897 = Polydrusus setifrons kashmirensis Voss, 1959, syn. nov.; Polydrusus rufulus Hochhuth, 1847 = Polydrusus reitteri Kirsch, 1878, reestablished synonymy, = Polydrusus freyi Zumpt, 1933, syn. nov.; Polydrusus viridimaculatus Pic, 1919, stat. nov. = Polydrusus scapularis Pesarini, 1975, syn. nov. New taxonomic status is proposed for Polydrusus viridimaculatus Pic, 1919, stat. nov., which is promoted to species from the subspecies of Polydrusus picus (Fabricius, 1792).

New combinations. Brachymerinthus densesquamosus (Magnano, 2009), comb. nov. from Parakasakhstania; Phyllobius (Phyllobius) constellatus (Voss, 1959), comb. nov. and Brachyxystus subsignatus praevius (Voss, 1959), comb. nov. from Polydrusus Germar, 1817. New tribal placements: Sepiomus Aurivillius, 1891 and Cylindromus Aurivillius, 1891 are transferred from Byrsopagini back to Cyphicerini (subtribe Cyphicerina); Brachymerinthus Faust, 1886, is transferred from Phyllobiini to Mesostyloidini, and Brachyxystus Faust, 1897, from Phyllobiini to Polydrusini. The lectotype of Polydrusus picus var. viridimaculatus Pic, 1919 is designated. The type locality of Myllocerus bacchus is Bacchus Marsh, a town near Melbourne in Victoria State, Australia, not Lake Victoria in Africa. Polydrusus rufulus Hochhuth, 1847 is recorded in Iran for the first time.
A Cross-National Empirical Analysis of the Contribution of Fertility, Life Expectancy and Net Migration in Driving Contemporary and Future Population Ageing
Authors: Lobo Charmaine Savia Siqueira , Falleiro Savio da Piedade
Published: December 2024

Population ageing is an unprecedented phenomenon witnessed by nations globally. Given contradictory findings in the literature regarding the major drivers behind this phenomenon, this study presents a robust cross-national empirical analysis of the contributions of fertility, life expectancy, and net migration to driving contemporary and future population ageing. The study addresses endogeneity and serial correlation by employing dynamic cointegrating regressions, specifically Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) and Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS), based on data extracted from the United Nations Population Division for 72 nations spanning two periods: 1960-2020 and 2020-2050. The results indicate that nations in advanced ageing transitions, primarily developed nations, experienced comparatively lower fertility rates and higher life expectancy rates than those in early stages, with fluctuations observed in net migration. A statistically significant long-run dynamic cointegrating relationship is found among the three major drivers and population ageing. Declining fertility has been the primary driver of global population ageing from 1960 to 2020, followed by increasing life expectancy and, lastly, net migration. These results remain robust across the four sub-panels of nations based on age-transition categories. Projections suggest that population ageing will persist as a reality. However, regression estimates indicate that life expectancy will surpass fertility to become the primary driver of ageing in the future. The study raises doubt about the rejuvenating role of migration as a solution to population ageing and underscores the importance of further research in this area.
Report 3 of the Committee for Change and Conservation of Names (CCCN)
Authors: Willner Wolfgang , Čarni Andraž , Fernández-González Federico , Pallas Jens , Terzi Massimo , Theurillat Jean-Paul
Published: December 2024

We report the decisions made by the Assembly of the Group of Phytosociological Nomenclature (GPN) in 2023 on previous recommendations of the Committee for Change and Conservation of Names (CCCN). Further, we discuss eight Requests for a binding decision and nine nomenclatural Proposals. Recommendations on acceptance or rejection of these Proposals are provided. We recommend the conservation of the following names: Mesobromion erecti (Braun-Blanquet et Moor 1938) Zoller 1954, Galio sylvatici-Carpinetum betuliOberdorfer 1957, Lithospermo-Carpinetum betuliOberdorfer 1957, Nanocyperetalia Klika 1935, IsoetetaliaBraun-Blanquet 1936 and Molinio arundinaceae-Quercetum Neuhäusl et Neuhäuslová-Novotná 1967.

Abbreviations: CCCN = Committee for Change and Conservation of Names; GPN = Working Group for Phytosociological Nomenclature; ICPN = International Code of Phytosociological Nomenclature; VCS = Vegetation Classification and Survey.
The Power of Isolation
Authors: Podjed Dan , Peternel Lana
Published: December 2024

This article investigates isolation as a complex physical and symbolic phenomenon. The studies presented in the article and in this special issue explore how isolation impacts identities, social cohesion, and community life – especially in times of ongoing and interconnected crises. The authors examine the multifaceted nature of isolation that informs daily practices, emotional wellbeing, and community bonds, offering insights into the challenges and resilience seen in isolated communities.
Isolation and Connectedness in the Bohinj Alps: Experiences of a Majerca
Authors: Ledinek Lozej Špela
Published: December 2024

The paper explores the experiences of isolation, solitude, and loneliness in the Bohinj alps (the Julian Alps, Slovenia). Based on the life experiences and perceptions of a long-term majerca, it reveals a dense interconnectedness of people in the geographically isolated alps. It challenges presupposed assumptions of loneliness and solitude and proposes a  relational understanding of remoteness. It draws on long term ethnography, including participant observation, conversations, and interviews.
Floating Homes: Homemaking Practices among Seafarers as Strategies against Isolation
Authors: Hazdovac Bajić Nikolina
Published: December 2024

This article analyzes the multilayered practices of homemaking among the seafarers from a theoretical perspective on the polysemic nature of home, space, and masculinity. In addition, distinction is made between involuntary and involuntary types of isolation at sea (whereby professional sailors belong to the former and adventurous sailors to the latter). The research is based on remote ethnography that included semi-structured interviews, virtual “walks”, informal conversations, and photos.
The Island of Žirje: Challenging Claims of Isolation
Authors: Simonič Peter
Published: December 2024

The article examines the influence and remnants of economic and political systems as layers of time on the remote island of Žirje in Croatia, focusing on developments from the sixteenth century onwards. The author explores changes in local economic, political, legal, religious, spatial, and kinship arrangements to shed light on contemporary ethnographic realities. By adopting a relational approach to studying Žirje, the author challenges the notion of islands and cultures as isolated entities.
Mémoires de l’esclavage et redémocratisation à Rio de Janeiro (1978-1988)
Authors: Tanure Thaís
Published: December 2024

Cet article a pour objet l’élaboration des différentes mémoires de l’esclavage, en phase avec deux temps politiques : la fin de la dictature militaire brésilienne (1964-1985) et la redémocratisation. Sont d’abord analysées les revendications d’ordre raciale liées au passé esclavagiste, ainsi que la gestion du gouvernement dictatorial de ces demandes. Dans un deuxième temps, sont étudiées la construction d’un monument au leader quilombola Zumbi dos Palmares et la patrimonialisation de la Pedra do Sal à Rio de Janeiro. Ces initiatives mémorielles vont de pair avec un nouveau pacte citoyen qui se concrétise en 1988 avec la constitutionnalisation du pays – année qui marque aussi le Centenaire de l’abolition de l’esclavage – et qui constitue un moment charnière où des pratiques mémorielles se confrontent dans l’espace de la ville.
Skyline : horizon sanitaire ?
Authors: Mollé Geoffrey
Published: December 2024

Le projet moderniste s’appuyait sur une éthique hygiéniste : fournir aération et ensoleillement pour tous les logements. Aujourd’hui, les stratégies d’urbanisme sont plus sélectives. Le phénomène de densification et d’étalement urbain contraint les lieux de reproduction du capital dans les zones métropolitaines. Les tours résidentielles sont revalorisées, ainsi que l’accès au skyline depuis l’espace domestique. Une question des années 1960 est réactualisée : est-il plus sain d’habiter en hauteur dans l’habitat collectif ? Cet article cherche à y répondre à partir d’une enquête de terrain menée dans les nouvelles/anciennes tours résidentielles de l’agglomération lyonnaise et stéphanoise. La santé est analysée comme une interrelation entre un corps et l’environnement, comme un ensemble d’expositions (lumière, météores, sons, polluants, vent, chaleur, etc.) qui suppose d’étudier le positionnement de l’habitant, de son logement, de la tour et de son quartier d’implantation, ainsi que la perméabilité de ces différentes échelles, de la fenêtre au balcon jusqu’à l’ascenseur et aux escaliers. Les habitants reconnaissent les bienfaits physiologiques et psychologiques de l’aération et de l’ensoleillement, mais l’accès à l’horizon implique d’autres vulnérabilités plus invisibles. Polysensoriels, les problèmes d’isolation qui persistent dans les étages élevés sont considérés comme symptomatiques d’une conception physicienne de l’urbanisme, en décalage avec l’intensification des dimensions biochimiques de la santé depuis l’habitat.
La Greta Thunberg du Le grand livre du climat
Authors: Aubin Ludovic , Hétier Renaud , Redondo Cécile , Wallenhorst Nathanaël
Published: December 2024

Notre étude porte sur la figure de Greta Thunberg et son Grand livre du climat, dans la perspective d’en dégager les principes saillants inspirant une socialisation démocratique dans et par l’éducation. Cette militante contemporaine s’est engagée dans la médiatisation de la cause climatique et écologique, elle incarne un propos qui touche à la transmission des savoirs scientifiques biogéophysiques, et à un engagement politique et médiatique pour qu’adviennent des ruptures sociopolitiques permettant de garantir la pérennité de la vie humaine en société à l’époque de l’Anthropocène. Nous proposons trois focales pour l’analyse de cet ouvrage. 1. Une focale scientifique : sa compréhension du fonctionnement du système Terre à partir de sa lecture d’une littérature biogéophysique qui lui permet de faire prévaloir le paradigme de la rupture sur celui de la continuité/de la croissance. 2. Une focale politique : sa pensée politique est engagée dans la démocratie (tant dans la mobilisation citoyenne que dans le fonctionnement des institutions). 3. Une focale éducative : son attachement aux savoirs scientifiques et à leur transmission mais aussi sa conscience de la façon dont l’éducation est un moyen privilégié des changements durables.
Paulo Freire : une fenêtre ouverte vers les penseurs de la démocratie radicale
Authors: Dubigeon Yohan , Pereira Irène
Published: December 2024

L’article se situe dans le cadre d’une philosophie politique critique en éducation, à partir de laquelle est interrogée la place de la démocratie radicale en éducation. Pour cela, Paulo Freire constitue une figure inspirante afin de penser la place de la notion de « démocratie radicale » en éducation et d’éducation à une citoyenneté radicale. Mais à partir de cela, il est possible d’ouvrir à d’autres œuvres et auteurs pertinents pour penser la démocratie radicale en éducation, parmi lesquels Jacques Rancière et Cornelius Castoriadis. Chez Rancière, le postulat de radicale égalité des intelligences en constitue le socle. Chez Castoriadis, ce sont les notions de paideia et de praxis qui articulent éducation, autonomie et exercice d’une citoyenneté « radicalement » démocratique où chacun apprend à être à la fois gouverné et gouvernant. L’article propose de nourrir et consolider les débats contemporains en sciences de l’éducation relatifs à la démocratie radicale.
Formation initiale à l’enseignement : un carnet d’apprentissage inspiré par Gandhi
Authors: Breithaupt Sandrine , Danesi Nicole Goetschi , Lausselet Nadia , Piguet Jessy
Published: December 2024

Gandhi et Naï Talim : Quel héritage pour la formation à l’enseignement ? L’article propose une analyse qualitative de « carnets d’apprentissage », utilisés comme outil de formation d’un module international conduit entre la HEP Vaud, l’Université de New Delhi et une école localisée dans le Maharashtra en 2022-2023. L’analyse permet d’identifier cinq grandes catégories de contenus présents dans les carnets. Elle met également en évidence des processus énonciatifs de l’ordre de la juxtaposition et de l’articulation, mais pas d’intégration. Nous pouvons ainsi questionner les apports du module ainsi que nos pratiques de recherche.
Comenius : l’université, un atelier de l’humanité ?
Authors: Strouhal Martin , Kohout-Diaz Magdalena
Published: December 2024

L’article en forme d’essai propose une réflexion critique à propos des paradoxes de l'enseignement universitaire contemporain. Il souligne d'une part les idéaux de démocratisation de l'éducation et d'accessibilité pour tous, ainsi que la valorisation de l'éducation dans une société toujours plus ouverte et inclusive. D'autre part, il mentionne le développement accru des discriminations, violences symboliques et inégalités liées à certains aspects de l'éducation dite de masse comme l’attachement excessif aux prérogatives de statut [entitlement]. La propension à considérer l'éducation universitaire comme une activité managériale, limitée à des objectifs concrets et pratiques, au détriment de la compréhension de l'éducation en tant que forme d'humanité n’est pas sans conséquences à long terme. L'éducation ne prospère que si la formation est considérée à l’instar de véritables ateliers de l'humanité selon les termes mêmes de Comenius. Du moins, une réflexion sur les finalités de la formation universitaire, au-delà des aspects gestionnaires et des objectifs pratiques, nous semble devoir être engagée, soulignant son lien essentiel avec le devenir de l'humanité.
Psychiatric morbidity among resident doctors in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria
Authors: Salihu Mumeen O. , Makanjuola Alfred B. , Ajiboye Peter O. , Abiodun Olatunji A.
Published: December 2024

Background: Mental health concerns among trainee doctors are a pressing issue. Despite its importance, there is limited research on this topic, particularly in Nigeria. This study investigates the prevalence and correlates of psychiatric morbidity among resident doctors at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital.Methods: This two-phase cross-sectional descriptive study involved 176 trainee doctors across 16 medical specialities and subspecialities. The first phase involved screening for probable psychiatry ‘cases’ using the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), and the second phase involved making specific psychiatric diagnoses using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI plus). Statistical weighting was performed on the second phase data to estimate the weighted prevalence of psychiatric morbidity.Results: The mean age of respondents was 35.10 (s.d.: 4.07). The weighted prevalence of psychiatric morbidity among respondents was 35.2%, with generalised anxiety disorder (13.6%) being the most prevalent, while depression and opioid abuse accounted for 5.1% each. The presence of a stressful event within the previous 6 months (χ2 = 9.670; p = 0.002), poor sleep (χ2 = 6.822; p = 0.009), work-related stress (χ2 = 4.052; p = 0.044) and academic-related stress (χ2 = 11.735; p = 0.001) were significantly associated with psychiatric morbidity.Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of psychiatric morbidity in trainee doctors, with anxiety disorder being the most common mental health problem reported. Effective preventive strategies targeted at identified risk factors are encouraged to reduce its burden.Contribution: The poor mental health of resident doctors in this study highlights the urgent need to implement mental health-friendly policies at training institutions.
Eradicating successfully yaws from India
Authors: Narain Jai P. , Jain S.K. , Bora D. , Venkatesh S.
Published: December 2024

Yaws, a non-venereal treponematosis, affecting primarily the tribal populations, has been considered historically as one of the most neglected tropical diseases in the world. In 1996, India piloted an initiative to eradicate yaws based on a strategy consisting of active case finding through house-to-house search and treatment of cases and their contacts with long acting penicillin. Thereafter, the campaign implemented in all 51 endemic districts in 10 States of the country led to the achievement of a yaws-free status in 2004. In the post-elimination phase, surveillance activities accompanied by serological surveys were continued in the erstwhile endemic districts. These surveys carried out among children between the age of 1-5 yr, further confirmed the absence of community transmission in the country. The experience of India demonstrates that yaws can be eradicated in all endemic countries of Africa and Asia, provided that political commitment can be mobilized and community level activities sustained until the goal is achieved.
Status of hepatitis B infection - a decade after hepatitis B vaccination of susceptible Nicobarese, an indigenous tribe of Andaman & Nicobar (A&N) islands with high hepatitis B endemicity
Authors: Bhattacharya Haimanti , Bhattacharya Debdutta , Ghosal S.R. , Roy Subarna , Sugunan A.P.
Published: December 2024

Background & objectives:

Andaman and Nicobar Islands of India, home to six primitive tribes, constituting about 10 per cent of the total population of these Islands have been detected with high endemicity of hepatitis B infection. During 2000, a total of 936 individuals ≤ 45 yr, negative for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibody anti-HBs were vaccinated with three doses of a recombinant DNA hepatitis B vaccine in two villages of Car Nicobar Islands. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the impact of the hepatitis B vaccination with respect to the persistence of antibodies and incidence of new infections, prevalence of surface gene mutations among the Nicobarese community in the two villages ten years after hepatitis B vaccination.

Methods:

Follow up samples were collected from 211 individuals who had received three doses of vaccine ten years back and from a control group of 515 non-vaccinated individuals. The HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc assay results were compared among vaccinated and non-vaccinated groups. HBV DNA was extracted and sequenced from all the samples for detection of mutation. Genotyping and serotyping of the viruses were performed.

Results:

The results showed that 85.3 per cent of the vaccinated persons retained protective level of antibodies and among the non-vaccinated individuals, 54.2 per cent showed presence of anti-HBs indicating an exposure to the infection. The overall HBsAg positivity among the studies Nicobarese individuals was reduced to 7.4 per cent after 10 years of vaccination. Anti-HBc was positive in 60.6 and 57 per cent among the vaccinated and non-vaccinated individuals, respectively. Overall breakthrough infection of 8.5 per cent was detected among the vaccinated individuals. The predominant genotype and serotype circulating among these tribal populations were D and ayw3, respectively.

Interpretation & conclusions:

The results of this study showed an overall reduction in the pool of HBsAg carriers because of the vaccination which helped in reducing the HBsAg carrier rate among the non-vaccinated also, probably due to an increase in herd immunity and reduction in the source of infection. Further studies need to be done to evaluate long term benefits of hepatitis B vaccination among these tribes.
A cost-effective anaerobic culture method & its comparison with a standard method
Authors: Saha Uma Shankar , Misra Richa , Tiwari Dinesh , Prasad Kashi Nath
Published: December 2024

Twenty six anaerobes were recovered from 150 deep-seated abscess samples cultured by the proposed two-step combustion-modified candle-jar system and Anoxomat. The degree of growth and colony size were similar in both systems, except for Clostridium difficile. The modified candle-jar system was found to be a sensitive and cost-effective alternative that might be used in resource-limited settings.
Antidepressant & anxiolytic activities of N-(pyridin-3-yl) quinoxalin-2-carboxamide
Authors: Pandey Dilip Kumar , Devadoss Thangraj , Modak Neha , Mahesh Radhakrishnan
Published: December 2024

Background & objectives:

Alteration in the serotonin leads to the psychological illness, such as depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, eating disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorders and migraines. The objective of the current study was to investigate the antidepressant and anxiolytic activities of N-(pyridin-3-yl) quinoxalin-2-carboxamide (QCF-21), a novel 5-HT3 receptor antagonist in preclinical models of depression and anxiety.

Methods:

Antidepressant activity was evaluated in preliminary tests such as forced swim and tail suspension tests (FST & TST). Anti-anxiety effect of QCF-21 was investigated by employing elevated plus maze (EPM), light/dark and hole board tests. Olfactory bulbectomy (OBX) in rats was used as chronic model of depression. Mechanistic test of QCF-21 was evaluated by reserpine-induced hypothermia and 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP)-induced head-twitch response.

Results:

The dose-response study revealed an initial antidepressant-like effect of QCF-21(0.25-1 mg/kg, i.p.) in the FST and TST and anxiolytic-like effect in EPM, light and dark and hole board tests. QCF-21 potentiated the 5-HTP-induced head-twitches response in mice and reversed reserpine-induced hypothermia in rats. QCF-21 significantly reversed the behavioural anomalies post-OBX in rats.

Interpretation & conclusions:

The present findings indicate the potential antidepressant-like and anxiolytic-like effects of QCF-21 at low doses in rodent behavioural models of depression and anxiety. Further studies need to be done to understand the underlying mechanism.
Fats & fatty acids in Indian diets
Authors: Mani Indu , Kurpad Anura V.
Published: December 2024

Recommended dietary allowances for fat and fatty acid (FA) intakes are set on global standards aimed at prevention of lifestyle diseases. Yet, the fat composition of a diet is both ethnic/region specific as well as income dependent. Indian diets are predominantly vegetarian and relatively low in fat. Furthermore, the main sources of fat are of plant origin rather than animal origin. This results in a diet that is relatively low in saturated FA, high in n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and very low in n-3 PUFA. Though this appears as a good dietary composition as per global standards, the undeniable increase in the incidence of obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases in India begs for an explanation. In this context, the current article is aimed at reopening the debate on fat intakes in Indian diets, with a focus on a balance between fats, carbohydrates and proteins, rather than an emphasis on individual macronutrients.
Management of Pain in Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Kaul Anupma , Nazneen Shabana , Swamy Anitha , Anupama Y. J.
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Pain is a common symptom in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end stage kidney disease (ESKD). It is often multidimensional with somatic and psychological components. Management of chronic pain in CKD is often inadequate and is associated with reduced quality of life, noncompliance with dialysis schedules, and emotional stress to patients and caregivers. Nephrologists often overlook management of pain with both under-prescription and over-prescription of analgesics being common. In this clinical practice case, we discuss the different dimensions of pain management in patients with CKD and ESKD. We emphasize that pain management is complex and requires multidisciplinary approach involving various specialties.
Seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus in donors & opportunistic viral infections in liver transplant recipients
Authors: Varghese Joy , Subramanian S. , Reddy Mettu Srinivas , Shanmugam Naresh , Balajee G. , Srinivasan Vijaya , Venkataraman Jayanthi , Mohamed Rela
Published: December 2024

Background & objectives:

Opportunistic virus infections are common in liver transplant (LT) recipients. There is a risk of developing infection with cytomegalovirus (CMV) and herpes-related viruses such as herpes simplex virus-1 and 2 (HSV-1 & 2), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Varicella Zoster virus (VZV), reactivation of infection and recurrent infection. This study was conducted to determine CMV seropositivity in donors and its influence on LT recipients and seropositivity of CMV, HSV-1 and 2, EB viral capsid antigen (EBVCA) and VZV in LT recipients and their reactivation.

Methods:

Pre-transplant data for IgG and IgM for CMV (and donor), HSV-1 and -2, EB viral capsid antigen (VCA) and VZV were available for 153 recipients. All recipients were on ganciclovir or valganciclovir prophylaxis for three months after LT. For reactivation rates, findings of post-transplant CMV quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (CMV qRT-PCR) assay were associated with pre-transplant serological profile.

Results:

Of the 153 LT recipients, 131 were men (85.6%). The median age of LT was 46 yr (range 9 months-71 yr). Overall exposure to CMV was 71.8 per cent followed by EB VCA (61.4%) and VZV (49.6%). Susceptibility to both HSV-1 and -2 was high across all decades (P<0.001). Seropositivity of CMV in donor was 90.9 per cent (100 out of 110). Post-transplant CMV qRT- PCR was positive in 17 (26.6%; 3 in recipient negative) of 64 samples tested. qRT-PCR assay was positive in one out of four (25%) tested for HSV-1 and nine out of 19 (47.4%) tested for EBV. Two recipients tested for HSV-2 and one for VZV were negative. There were three deaths in recipients (D+ R+) who were also positive for CMV qRT PCR. There was one death due to HSV-1 pneumonia. One patient with EBV reactivation developed post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder two years after transplant.

Interpretation & conclusions:

Transplant recipient were at highest risk of acquiring HSV-1 and -2 more so for HSV-2. CMV exposure in transplant recipients and donors were very high and at greatest risk for recipient reactivation rate. Despite this, death related to CMV reactivation was low.