bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
De l’aménagement des promenades de la baie d’Alger à l’évolution des pratiques ludiques
Authors: Nouri Lila , Farhi Abdallah , Monnet Jérôme
Published: January 2020

Tandis que la promenade urbaine tend à définir un type d’aménagement spécifique constituant « une nouvelle tendance urbaine », la notion d’attractivité fait florès. Considérée comme un levier du développement des territoires, elle tend à devenir incontournable dans les stratégies territoriales et dans les discours des élus. Au-delà de la volonté de satisfaire les usagers, on note celle de créer des centralités attractives tout en offrant des espaces de qualité. L’objectif de cet article est de montrer, à travers l’aménagement de promenades urbaines en front de mer algérois, que la fréquentation et l’usage d’un lieu résultent de multiples facteurs. La volonté des acteurs participant à la fabrique formelle de la ville est déterminante, dans la mesure où l’aménagement influence les pratiques et que la réglementation les conditionne – ce qui n’empêche pas la spontanéité usagère. L’aménagement de la promenade des Sablettes sur un ancien terrain vague et délaissé de la baie d’Alger a engendré un attrait particulier, stimulé par une offre d’espaces entretenus et sécurisés donnant lieu à de nouvelles formes d’urbanité.
Narrations de l’espace urbain : promenades littéraires et artistiques franco-québécoises
Authors: Bisenius-Penin Carole
Published: January 2020

Souvent perçue comme une possible pratique de développement territorial ou comme un objet culturel, la promenade relève d’enjeux divers (touristiques, patrimoniaux, sociaux) et pose la question de la participation des populations. Cet article s’attache tout d’abord à saisir la promenade à partir d’une approche épistémologique, en cherchant à comprendre les enjeux soulevés par ce dispositif pouvant être abordé en croisant les perspectives (conceptuelle, sémantique et théorique). Ensuite, l’objectif est de montrer comment la promenade apparaît comme un médium artistique et littéraire, à la fois « acte et support », un dispositif de narration de l’espace qui met en scène un imaginaire des lieux, une cartographie des interstices de la ville. Enfin, au gré de quelques déambulations sur les territoires français et québécois, la promenade devient aussi un « espace hodologique » (Besse, 2004), une forme d’interaction sociale et collective, à travers sa dimension sensorielle et corporelle, visant à créer du lien, à partager les lieux, à fabriquer des souvenirs.
Des balades accompagnées comme chemin de transition? Jalons pour une réflexion à propos de l’action associative
Authors: Laplace-Treyture Danièle , Douence Hélène
Published: January 2020

L’hypothèse au centre de cet article est celle d’une résonnance entre une conception de la balade et l’idée de transition à visée sociétale. Quatre exemples de balades conçues et accompagnées par des associations et des collectifs d’associations pour un public avant tout local nous servent ici de guide pour observer le cheminement de ces acteurs associatifs confrontés à divers changements. Partant du potentiel de la marche et d’une analyse du contexte national et local, nous envisagerons les spécificités des dispositifs ici considérés et chercherons à apporter des éléments de réponse aux questions suivantes, entre autres : qu’ont ces dispositifs de balade, non institutionnels, à nous apprendre sur des acteurs mis à l’épreuve d’une même problématique qui est celle de fabriquer une ville plus durable et plus juste? Quelles voies/voix proposent-ils de faire émerger au travers de leur manière de conduire le changement, ou mieux, de se conduire dans le changement?
Comparaison de la qualité de vie familiale de parents français ayant ou non un enfant avec un trouble du spectre de l’autisme
Authors: Chaume Aurélie , Ilg Jennifer , Clément Céline
Published: January 2020

La qualité de vie des familles d’enfant avec un trouble du spectre de l’autisme est affectée dans ses multiples domaines de fonctionnement, que ce soit sur les plans relationnel, psychologique ou encore somatique. Cette étude vise à évaluer, avec le Beach Center Family Quality of Life Scale, la qualité de vie des familles d’enfants avec un TSA et de la comparer à celles de parents tout-venant auprès d’une population française. Les résultats montrent une satisfaction moindre de la part des familles d’enfant avec un trouble du spectre de l’autisme avec notamment un bien-être émotionnel significativement inférieur. La présente étude permet de questionner l’outil Beach Center Family Quality of Life Scale dans un contexte culturel nouveau, le contexte français, et discute des perspectives de recherche en lien avec les modèles d’intervention à préconiser auprès des familles.
Integración de la estrategia de comunicación en canales propios: El caso de El Corte Inglés
Authors: Sicilia Piñero María , Merino Sánchez Jesús
Published: January 2020

Purpose: Drawing on the concept of integrated marketing communications, this papers analyzes the communication strategy of El Corte Ingles through both online and offline own channels. The main objective of the paper is the evaluation and understanding of the El Corte Inglés brand’s corporate communication and its level of integration.

Design/methodology: This paper uses a content analysis methodology. Social networks are first analyzed (Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, YouTube) and then compared with the website of the Company and with its physical stores.

Findings: Results indicate that El Corte Ingles is a very active company in social networks, obtaining a high level of engagement on Instagram. However, results also highlight a low level of integration between the digital environment and the physical stores.

Research limitations/implications: Results obtained may have some implications for the company. Some proposals are presented, with the aim of improving the level of integration between the different communication channels of this company. Among the limitations of the study, we may highlight that this study was conducted at a specific period of time, and results may depend on this specific period. Nevertheless, we think that they are useful to have a general picture of the strategy of communication of this company.

Originality/value: This work is original because it includes at the same time an analysis of the communication on social networks, on the website and in physical stores.
Profesionales y posverdad: La responsabilidad colectiva como arma contra la falacia digitalizada
Authors: Caldevilla Domínguez David , García García Enrique
Published: January 2020

Main theme: Post-truth, also known as emotive lie: a new term that describes the intentional distortion of reality, thus intending to create and guide a tendency of public opinion to influence the ideas of society. This definition and the reality it represents has a growing presence and importance in modern life: the election of Donald Trump, the rise of separatisms, Brexit or the irruption of the far right are first-line issues, tainted by the specter of post-truth.

Logical development of the matter: It is common to check the social networks every morning to find, in statistical fashion, a lie in motion. A hoax known by its author and unquestioned by those who share it: illustrated news equals reality. Altho ugh resorting to lies in politics or for ideological reasons is far from being a recent development, the way in which this phenomenon has grown and become uncontrolled as an element of influence in public opinion is what has led to its metamorphosis in the term «Post-truth».

Author’s point of view and contributions: Interconnectivity should shield us from manipulation by professional propagandists, but it has made us more vulnerable to puerile and simple lies…information that would be easy to deny, but which are protected from it by collective laziness and accelerated lifestyle.

Research limitations/implications: Although the research focuses on a single case, it offers an approximation to the value that these audiovisual pieces have when being used as a tool in a communication strategy of a brand, which allows the brand to manage its intangible values easily.

Implications and conclusions: After decades of consolidated and successful democracy, society faces, for the first time, a threat that can only be effectively fought by ordinary citizens. The propaganda and educational effort that would be needed to solve it from the institution’s level reaches the unthinkable extreme of forced reeducation for the standardization of criteria. It is necessary, instead, to create in the greatest number of people, the awareness of the need for self-training in critical reading and data verification, given the growing irrelevance of the journalist as a mediator. Or if that fails, work is needed from the media to reverse their loss of credibility.
SIRT6 is a DNA double-strand break sensor
Authors: Onn Lior , Portillo Miguel , Ilic Stefan , Cleitman Gal , Stein Daniel , Kaluski Shai , Shirat Ido , Slobodnik Zeev , Einav Monica , Erdel Fabian , Akabayov Barak , Toiber Debra
Published: January 2020

DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) are the most deleterious type of DNA damage. In this work, we show that SIRT6 directly recognizes DNA damage through a tunnel-like structure that has high affinity for DSB. SIRT6 relocates to sites of damage independently of signaling and known sensors. It activates downstream signaling for DSB repair by triggering ATM recruitment, H2AX phosphorylation and the recruitment of proteins of the homologous recombination and non-homologous end joining pathways. Our findings indicate that SIRT6 plays a previously uncharacterized role as a DNA damage sensor, a critical factor in initiating the DNA damage response (DDR). Moreover, other Sirtuins share some DSB-binding capacity and DDR activation. SIRT6 activates the DDR before the repair pathway is chosen, and prevents genomic instability. Our findings place SIRT6 as a sensor of DSB, and pave the road to dissecting the contributions of distinct DSB sensors in downstream signaling.
Fagkunnskap på godt og vondt - helsepersonell som pårørende til egne alvorlig syke barn på sykehus, en kvalitativ studie
Authors: Skaret Claudine , Lykkeslet Else , Eines Trude Fløystad
Published: January 2020

Expertise - an advantage or a hindrance? Healthcare professionals as relatives of their own critically ill children in hospital, -a qualitative study

The hospitalization of children is a stressful event for parents, and it may be even worse for parents who are healthcare professionals. Scant attention has been given to this issue in the literature and by researchers. This study aim to describe how a small group of health professionals experience the hospitalization of their child, in critically ill cases. The data are based on a qualitative design, using depth interviews with three nurses and a doctor. The interviews were analyzed using a thematic content approach. The findings show how the informants experience role conflicts, and social and psychological difficulties as relatives. This article highlights the importance of how health care professionals interact and support health professionals as relatives for their own children hospitalized.
Kan omvendt undervisning gi bedre læringsutbytte i legemiddelregning, sammenlignet med tradisjonell undervisning? En kvasieksperimentell kontrollert studie
Authors: Tørris Christine
Published: January 2020

Flipped classroom improves student learning in dosage calculation, - a quasi-experimental control group design

The flipped classroom method has received increased attention in health sciences education, however, few studies have investigated performance data showing its effectiveness. The aim of this study was to compare learning outcome in a flipped classroom with a standard lecture. The hypothesis was that applying a flipped classroom model in a dosage calculation class would improve learning outcome when compared to standard learning. One group was assigned to a flipped classroom (n=43), and the other group to a traditional lecture-based classroom (n=45). Data were collected through answer sheets and test results. Course content, assessments, and instructional time for both models were equivalent. The social educator students in the flipped group performed better in the test, compared to the traditional group, where the flipped group had 22% reduction in failing the exam.The flipped classroom approach is promising as an acceptable approach for teaching in dosage calculation curricular in higher education.
Studenterfaringer med veiledning og læring knyttet til deltagelse i et kvalitetsforbedringsprosjekt på sykehus med kunnskapsbasert praksis som arbeidsform, -en beskrivende og utforskende studie
Authors: Røkholt Gro , Davidsen Liv-Signe , Johnsen Heidi Ness , Dihle Alfhild
Published: January 2020

Student experiences with supervision and learning through participation in a quality improvement evidence-baced practice project in a hospital, -a descriptive and explorative study

A significant part of health care students’ education is provided through clinical placement supervised by practitioners with required education and experience. This study has been conducted to increase knowledge of students’ experiences with supervision and learning related to participation in a quality improvement project in a hospital using evidence-based practice tools. A descriptive and exploratory design with focus group interviews. Data was analysed using qualitative content analysis. Three main themes emerged: changed student role, understanding the importance of keeping professional knowledge updated and need for the facilitation of the clinical placement period. The study showed that supervision helped students become equals of their supervisors and part of the community of practice. The project contributed to students`' coping skills. Integrating evidence-based practice into practice taught students a method of professional knowledge updating and quality improvement.
Remarks onMastigodiaptomus(Calanoida: Diaptomidae) from Mexico using integrative taxonomy, with a key of identification and three new species
Authors: Gutiérrez-Aguirre Martha A. , Cervantes-Martínez Adrián , Elías-Gutiérrez Manuel , Lugo-Vázquez Alfonso
Published: January 2020

Background

In Mexico, species of four families of free-living calanoid copepods have been recorded as inhabitants of several freshwater systems. These families are Centropagidae, Temoridae, Pseudodiaptomidae and Diaptomidae. The generaLeptodiaptomusandMastigodiaptomusare the most speciose diaptomid genera in Mexico, and they inhabit natural and artificial lakes, ephemeral ponds, springs, and caverns.Leptodiaptomusis considered as an endemic Nearctic genus, whereasMastigodiaptomusis a widely distributed Neotropical genus in the southern USA, Mexico, the Caribbean Islands and Central America. Based on new and recent evidence,Mastigodiaptomusdiversity has been underestimated: six species of the genus were known before 2000. In this work three newMastigodiaptomusspecies have been described from different regions of Mexico by using integrative taxonomy. We also gave amended diagnosis ofM. nesusBowman (1986) andM. patzcuarensiss. str. (Kiefer, 1938).

Methods

In this work, the taxonomic status of the species was clarified using modern, integrative method based on the COI gene as a DNA marker, plus micro-structural analysis (based on SEM and ligth microscopy).

Results

Three new species ofMastigodiaptomuswere described based on genetic and morphological analyses:M. alexeisp. n.,M. hasp. n. andM. cihuatlansp. n. Also amended description ofM. nesus, morphological variation ofM. patzcuarensiss. str., and a comparison of them with all known sequences within the genus are provided. These new findings show that inMastigodiaptomusdifferences in several cuticular microstructures of several appendages (such as the antennules, the fifth legs, or the urosomites of these copepods) agree with the interspecific genetic divergence >3% observed in sequences of the COI gene, and the integration of this information is a powerful tool in species delineation.
Candidal carriage in saliva and subgingival plaque among smokers and non-smokers with chronic periodontitis—a cross-sectional study
Authors: Santhana Krishnan Gayathri , Naik Dilip , Uppoor Ashita , Nayak Sangeeta , Baliga Shrikala , Maddi Abhiram
Published: January 2020

Background and Objectives

Studies of gum or periodontal disease have focused mainly on bacterial pathogens. However, information related to fungal species in the saliva and subgingival mileu is particularly lacking in smokers with periodontitis. This cross-sectional study compared the prevalence of variousCandidaspecies in saliva and subgingival plaque samples of smokers and non-smokers with periodontal disease.

Methodology

Study subjects were recruited into three group—Group 1: Smokers with chronic periodontitis (N = 30), Group 2: Non-smokers with chronic periodontitis (N = 30) and Group 3: Healthy controls (N = 30). Clinical parameters recorded included plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), periodontal probing depth (PPD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL). Saliva and subgingival plaque samples were collected from subjects from the above groups. The collected samples were processed for isolation and identification of variousCandidaspecies using CHROMagar chromogenic media. Additionally, antifungal susceptibility tests were performed for the isolatedCandidaspecies in order to assess antifungal drug resistance to fluconazole and voriconazole.

Results

Prevalence ofCandidaspecies in saliva samples was quantified as 76.6% in Group 1, 73.3% in Group 2 and 36.6% in Group 3 and statistically significant differences were observed between groups 1 & 3. Prevalence ofCandidaspecies in subgingival plaque samples was quantified as 73.3% in Group 1, 66.6% in Group 2 and 60% in Group 3 and no statistically significant differences were observed between groups.Candida albicanswas the most frequently isolated species followed byCandida kruseiandCandida tropicalis. A positive correlation was observed for smoking exposure, pack years andCandidacolonization. A marginally significant positive correlation was observed betweenCandidacolonization and increasing pocket depth and attachment loss. Antifungal drug resistance was mainly observed forCandida kruseiin both saliva and subgingival plaque samples.

Conclusion

Based on the results we can conclude that oral candidal carriage is significantly increased in smokers with periodontal disease. Mechanistic studies are needed to understand the importance ofCandidaspecies in periodontal disease.
Lithography and Etching‐Free Microfabrication of Silicon Carbide on Insulator Using Direct UV Laser Ablation
Authors: Nguyen Tuan‐Khoa , Phan Hoang-Phuong , Dowling Karen M. , Yalamarthy Ananth Saran , Dinh Toan , Balakrishnan Vivekananthan , Liu Tanya , Chapin Caitlin A. , Truong Quoc-Dung , Dau Van Thanh , Goodson Kenneth E. , Senesky Debbie G. , Dao Dzung Viet , Nguyen Nam-Trung
Published: January 2020

Silicon carbide (SiC)‐based microsystems are promising alternatives for silicon‐based counterparts in a wide range of applications aiming at conditions of high temperature, high corrosion, and extreme vibration/shock. However, its high resistance to chemical substances makes the fabrication of SiC particularly challenging and less cost‐effective. To date, most SiC micromachining processes require time‐consuming and high‐cost SiC dry‐etching steps followed by metal wet etching, which slows down the prototyping and characterization process of SiC devices. This work presents a lithography and etching‐free microfabrication for 3C‐SiC on insulator‐based microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices. In particular, a direct laser ablation technique to replace the conventional lithography and etching processes to form functional SiC devices from 3C‐SiC‐on‐glass wafers is used. Utilizing a single line‐cutting mode, both metal contact shapes and SiC microstructures can be patterned simultaneously with a remarkably fast speed of over 20 cm s−1. As a proof of concept, several SiC microdevices, including temperature sensors, strain sensors, and microheaters, are demonstrated, showing the potential of the proposed technique for rapid and reliable prototyping of SiC‐based MEMS.
The Use of Microfluidic Platforms to Probe the Mechanism of Cancer Cell Extravasation
Authors: Coughlin Mark F. , Kamm Roger D.
Published: January 2020

Powerful experimental tools have contributed a wealth of novel insight into cancer etiology from the organ to the subcellular levels. However, these advances in understanding have outpaced improvements in clinical outcomes. One possible reason for this shortcoming is the reliance on animal models that do not fully replicate human physiology. An alternative in vitro approach that has recently emerged features engineered microfluidic platforms to investigate cancer progression. These devices allow precise control over cellular components, extracellular constituents, and physical forces, while facilitating detailed microscopic analysis of the metastatic process. This review focuses on the recent use of microfluidic platforms to investigate the mechanism of cancer cell extravasation.
Radiation‐Induced Self‐Assembly of Ti3C2Tx with Improved Electrochemical Performance for Supercapacitor
Authors: Hu Yang , Wang Lin , Lin Tingrui , Zhao Na , Shi Mengni , Peng Jing , Li Jiuqiang , Shi Weiqun , Zhai Maolin
Published: January 2020

As a new family of 2D materials, MXenes have already shown a broad application prospect in energy storage. However, the inevitable restacking of MXene nanosheets always limits their performance. Here, a facile and environmentally friendly approach is developed to fabricate self‐assembly Ti3C2Tx MXene (named SA‐Ti3C2Tx) via γ‐irradiation. The absorbed dose has obvious influence on the self‐assembly of SA‐Ti3C2Tx by changing the surface charge characteristics and groups to make the nanosheets assembled into large slices with different structure. At dose of 20 kGy, radiation‐synthesized SA‐Ti3C2Tx (SA‐Ti3C2Tx‐20) possesses the crumpled structure which exhibits larger specific surface area, enhanced conductivity, and larger specific capacitance, compared with those of original Ti3C2Tx. SA‐Ti3C2Tx‐20 also shows excellent rate performance and cycling stability. This study paves the way for the modification and assembly of MXenes with improved electrochemical performance.
Interfacial Phenomena of Advanced Composite Materials toward Wearable Platforms for Biological and Environmental Monitoring Sensors, Armor, and Soft Robotics
Authors: Horne Jesse , McLoughlin Lauren , Bury Elizabeth , Koh Amanda S. , Wujcik Evan K.
Published: January 2020

With haptic and pressure sensor manufacturing in the US totaling $US 1.6 billion in annual revenue—with 2% annual projected growth from 2018 to 2023—and tactical and service clothing manufacturing in the US totaling $US 242.9 million in annual revenue, the potential of advanced wearables continues to grow. As many fields tend toward miniaturized technologies in the modern age, many recent developments have been made for wearable platforms. Within the broad area of wearable platforms, there are many specific applications to consider, such as motion sensing, biomarker detection, monitoring of environmental pollutants, haptic sensors, enhanced soft robotics, and improving the safeguarding capabilities of armor. For these applications, the interfacial phenomena occurring between the continuous and discrete phases within the composite material are responsible for the device's response and bulk properties. Understanding these phenomena at the composite interfaces of the system allows for finer tuning of morphological, electromechanical, and other bulk properties, as well as the optimization of the wearable's output—in terms of the applications targeted. Control over these advanced composite materials is paramount in personalized health‐care systems, advanced defense technologies, commercial wearables. Recent advances on composite interfaces for wearable platforms are discussed, along with trends and an outlook of the field.
Optical Response of MoTe2 and WTe2 Weyl Semimetals: Distinguishing between Bulk and Surface Contributions
Authors: Popescu Adrian , Pertsova Anna , Balatsky Alexander V. , Woods Lilia M.
Published: January 2020

A first‐principles investigation of the optical response of the Weyl Semimetals and is presented. The approach, based on combining two formulations, allows to both separate the intraband and interband parts of the optical conductivity and to distinguish between the bulk and surface contributions to the optical response. It is found that the response is truly anisotropic, with peaks that can be associated with interband transitions involving either bulk or surface states. The role of the relaxation time, and the relation of the calculated results with available experimental measurements, are also discussed. Furthermore, the approach reported is transferable to any system, topologically trivial or non‐trivial, thus addressing the long‐standing need for comprehensive characterization of the optical response.
Multi‐Level Long‐Term Memory Resembling Human Memory Based on Photosensitive Field‐Effect Transistors with Stable Interfacial Deep Traps
Authors: Kim Taeyoon , Lim Jung Wook , Yun Sun Jin , Lee Seong Hyun , Jung Kwang Hoon
Published: January 2020

The development of electronic devices that emulate the learning mechanism of the human brain is crucial for replicating the capabilities of the human brain. Photoelectric devices with learning capabilities are good candidates for input‐energy‐effective and multi‐level memory devices. Herein, a novel TiO2‐metaloxide‐semiconductor field‐effect transistor (MOSFET)‐based memory device is reported, that effectively converts learned data to long‐term memory (LTM) by longer stimulus intervals and realizes multi‐state memory. This device is programmed by UV light and uses deep trap sites at the interface between the TiO2 and Al2O3 layers to retain data. Moreover, the current levels of LTM are determined by varying pulse width, light power density, and pulse number. The pulse interval is confirmed to be beneficial for converting input data to LTM without additional energy consumption. In particular, the unique characteristics of the device, which delivers a higher current with an increasing number of pulse intervals, describe the characteristics of the actual human brain, which is a feat that no other device has demonstrated. Furthermore, excellent multi‐level storage capabilities and remarkable retention characteristics (≈30 000 s) of the TiO2–MOSFET device are demonstrated. Thus, an advanced memory device that will contribute to next‐generation artificial intelligence systems is realized.
Parental misperception of their child's weight status and how weight underestimation is associated with childhood obesity
Authors: Rodrigues Daniela , Machado‐Rodrigues Aristides M. , Padez Cristina
Published: January 2020

Objectives

Obesity is a major public health concern worldwide. This study aims to investigate the accuracy of parental perception of child's weight and related factors as well as how underestimation is associated with the prevalence of childhood obesity.

Methods

Data from 793 parents and respective children (6‐10 years) were collected during the spring of 2013 and 2014. Height and weight were measured and used to calculate body mass index and obesity was classified using the International Obesity Task Force. Parents' perception of child's weight and socio‐demographic characteristics were accessed by a questionnaire. Statistical tests were used, controlling for biological and social covariates.

Results

About 33% of parents misperceived their child's weight, of which 93% underestimated it. Different factors were found associated with greater parental underestimation according to children's weight status (ie, younger age) and sex (ie, higher mother's BMI, lower parental education, and household income for girls; living in an urban place for boys). Underestimation among girls, compared to boys, was more associated with socio‐economic features of the family. For both sexes, children with excess weight were more likely to be underestimated by their parents. Parents who underestimated their child's weight were 10 to 20 times more likely to have an obese child.

Conclusions

Findings suggest a social desirability bias in parental reports of child weight status. While some parents recognize their child's weight, others may feel embarrassed to discuss the fact that their child is overweight/obese and may feel reluctant in seeking the advice of a health care professional.
Stereoselective Synthesis of a Tetrasaccharide Fragment from Cellulosome Produced by Clostridium thermocellum
Authors: Zeng Yan , Yang Jin‐Song
Published: January 2020

An efficient synthesis of a structurally congested tetrasaccharide portion from the cellulosome produced by Clostridium thermocellum has been accomplished through a stepwise glycosylation strategy. The key steps for the synthesis include the stereocontrolled construction of a range of challenging 1,2‐cis glycosidic linkages. The 5‐O‐(2‐quinolinecarbonyl) substituted D‐galactofuranosyl thioglycoside 2, 4,6‐O‐benzylidene protected 2‐azido‐2‐deoxyglucose thioglycoside 3 c, and 4,6‐O‐benzylidene protected D‐galactopyranosyl thioglycoside 4 were employed as glycosyl donors, respectively, for the high‐yielding and stereoselective formation of the corresponding 1,2‐cis‐α‐Galf, α‐GlcNAc, and α‐Galp linkages.
“Quantum Weirdness” in Exploitation by the International Gravitational‐Wave Observatory Network
Authors: Schnabel Roman
Published: January 2020

The detectors of the international gravitational‐wave (GW) observatory network are currently taking data with sensitivities improved via squeezing the photon counting noise of the laser light used. Several GW candidate events, such as black‐hole mergers, are already in the pipeline to be analyzed in detail. While the brand‐new field of GW astronomy relies on squeezed light for reaching higher sensitivities, the physical understanding of such light, although being well described by quantum theory, is still under discussion. Herein, a physical description of why squeezed light, as now being exploited by GW observatories, constitutes rather remarkable physics is presented. Consideration of the Fourier transform seems to provide an argument why the measurement of squeezed photon statistics from quasi‐monochromatic light is “weird.” It is further argued that the measurement of squeezed photon statistics is related to the famous gedanken experiment formulated by Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen in 1935. This work illuminates “quantum weirdness” in a clear way and might be the starting point for finding the physics of quantum correlations in general, which scientists have been seeking for decades.
A Liquid/Liquid Electrolyte Interface that Inhibits Corrosion and Dendrite Growth of Lithium in Lithium‐Metal Batteries
Authors: He Xiaofeng , Liu Xiao , Han Qing , Zhang Peng , Song Xiaosheng , Zhao Yong
Published: January 2020

A proof‐of‐concept study on a liquid/liquid (L/L) two‐phase electrolyte interface is reported by using the polarity difference of solvent for the protection of Li‐metal anode with long‐term operation over 2000 h. The L/L electrolyte interface constructed by non‐polar fluorosilicane (PFTOS) and conventionally polar dimethyl sulfoxide solvents can block direct contact between conventional electrolyte and Li anode, and consequently their side reactions can be significantly eliminated. Moreover, the homogeneous Li‐ion flow and Li‐mass deposition can be realized by the formation of a thin and uniform solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) composed of LiF, LixC, LixSiOy between PFTOS and Li anode, as well as the super‐wettability state of PFTOS to Li anode, resulting in the suppression of Li dendrite formation. The cycling stability in a lithium–oxygen battery as a model is improved 4 times with the L/L electrolyte interface.
Algae Extraction Controllable Delamination of Vanadium Carbide Nanosheets with Enhanced Near‐Infrared Photothermal Performance
Authors: Zada Shah , Dai Wenhao , Kai Zhang , Lu Huiting , Meng Xiangdan , Zhang Yiyi , Cheng Yaru , Yan Fang , Fu Pengcheng , Zhang Xueji , Dong Haifeng
Published: January 2020

The two‐dimensional (2D) vanadium carbide (V2C) MXene has shown great potential as a photothermal agent (PTA) for photothermal therapy (PTT). However, the use of V2C in PTT is limited by the harsh synthesis condition and low photothermal conversion efficiency (PTCE). Herein, we report a completely different green delamination method using algae extraction to intercalate and delaminate V2AlC to produce mass V2C nanosheets (NSs) with a high yield (90 %). The resulting V2C NSs demonstrated good structural integrity and remarkably high absorption in near infrared (NIR) region with a PTCE as high as 48 %. Systemic in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that the V2C NSs can serve as efficient PTA for photoacoustic (PA) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐guided PTT of cancer. This work provides a cost‐effective, environment‐friendly, and high‐yielding disassembly approach of MAX, opening a new avenue to develop MXenes with desirable properties for a myriad of applications.
Dependence of sudden stratospheric warming type‐transition on preceding North Atlantic Oscillation conditions
Authors: Choi Hyesun , Choi Wookap , Kim Seong‐Joong , Kim Baek‐Min
Published: January 2020

Most sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) events initiate with their centers being displaced from the pole. Some retain their displaced form until termination but some split into two vortices during their course. Here, we show that existence of a transition during the course of the SSW life cycle can be attributable to the condition of North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) preceding before onset: Positive NAO favors SSW of displacement type with no transition while negative NAO favors the displacement–split type. We show that, in positive NAO precondition, vertical flux of wave activity immediately before onset is mostly contributed only by wavenumber 1 component, which contrasts with the relatively stronger contribution of wavenumber 2 in negative NAO precondition. Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM) simulation results are also consistent with the observational findings. Therefore, NAO can be regarded as a useful precursor for determining the type of forthcoming SSW events.
Comorbidities in situs inversus totalis: A hospital‐based study
Authors: Chen Weicheng , Guo Zhuoyao , Qian Liling , Wang Libo
Published: January 2020

Background and objective

Few studies have assessed the comorbid diseases in situs inversus totalis (SIT) comprehensively. The aim of this study was to provide insight into the spectrum and prevalence of comorbidities in SIT.

Methods

Children ≤18 years of age with SIT were enrolled in this retrospective observational study. Situs status and comorbidities were independently confirmed by two physicians, based on review of radiologic, ultrasonic examination, operative records, and case notes.

Results

A total of 155 children (median age: 1.24 years; range: 1 day–17.8 years) confirmed to have SIT were recruited between January 2008 and December 2018. Associated conditions were diagnosed in 114 children (73.5%). Among them, 25 children (16.1%) had multiple anomalies affecting two or more organ systems. The most commonly associated conditions were congenital heart defects (n = 72, 46.5%) followed by primary ciliary dyskinesia (n = 19, 12.3%), renal disorders (n = 12, 7.7%), biliary atresia (n = 7, 4.5%), skeletal dysplasia (n = 8, 5.2%), and mental retardation (n = 4, 2.6%).

Conclusion

A substantial proportion of children with SIT have comorbidities affecting multiple systems, especially cardiovascular and respiratory abnormalities. Children with SIT warrant careful examination for the presence of congenital and acquired abnormalities.
The Biophysics of Regenerative Repair Suggests New Perspectives on Biological Causation
Authors: Levin Michael
Published: January 2020

Evolution exploits the physics of non‐neural bioelectricity to implement anatomical homeostasis: a process in which embryonic patterning, remodeling, and regeneration achieve invariant anatomical outcomes despite external interventions. Linear “developmental pathways” are often inadequate explanations for dynamic large‐scale pattern regulation, even when they accurately capture relationships between molecular components. Biophysical and computational aspects of collective cell activity toward a target morphology reveal interesting aspects of causation in biology. This is critical not only for unraveling evolutionary and developmental events, but also for the design of effective strategies for biomedical intervention. Bioelectrical controls of growth and form, including stochastic behavior in such circuits, highlight the need for the formulation of nuanced views of pathways, drivers of system‐level outcomes, and modularity, borrowing from concepts in related disciplines such as cybernetics, control theory, computational neuroscience, and information theory. This approach has numerous practical implications for basic research and for applications in regenerative medicine and synthetic bioengineering.
A nonparametric method of estimation of the population size in capture–recapture experiments
Authors: Jiménez‐Gamero María Dolores , Puig Pedro
Published: January 2020

A recent method for estimating a lower bound of the population size in capture–recapture samples is studied. Specifically, some asymptotic properties, such as strong consistency and asymptotic normality, are provided. The introduced estimator is based on the empirical probability generating function (pgf) of the observed data, and it is consistent for count distributions having a log‐convex pgf (‐class). This is a large family that includes mixed and compound Poisson distributions, and their independent sums and finite mixtures as well. The finite‐sample performance of the lower bound estimator is assessed via simulation showing a better behavior than some close competitors. Several examples of application are also analyzed and discussed.
Adjusting Hydrocarbon Distribution on the Stabilized Al‐Modified Mesoporous Co3O4‐Fe2O3 Bimetal Oxides for CO Hydrogenation
Authors: Ahn Chang‐Il , Mo Koo Hyun , Ha Kyoung‐Su , Jeon Jonghyun , Min Cho Jae , Kim Young‐Bo , Young Han Gui , Lee Jinwon , Shin Chae‐Ho , Wook Bae Jong
Published: January 2020

A higher selectivity to C2−C4 hydrocarbons and clean fuels without significant deactivation during CO hydrogenation by a typical Fischer‐Tropsch synthesis (FTS) was observed on the ordered mesoporous 5wt %Al‐modified Co3O4‐Fe2O3 bimetal oxides (m‐CoFe) at a Co/Fe molar ratio of ∼1, which was prepared by a hard templating and co‐infiltration method. The active sites were related with the partially oxidized Co nanoparticles as well as iron carbides. The structurally stable and strongly interacted ordered Co3O4‐Fe2O3 mesoporous structures were preferentially transformed to more brittle iron carbides with a simultaneous reduction of Co3O4 to metallic Co under a reductive FTS reaction condition. The m‐CoFe(1) itself without using any solid acid component revealed a higher C2−C4 selectivity of 21.1 % and C5+ selectivity of 67.9 % at CO conversion of 88.5 % with the corresponding rate of 2.77 mmol/(gcat⋅s) by enhancing its structural stability due to the partial formations of thermally stable spinel‐type CoFe2O4. The enhanced structural stability of the m‐CoFe(1) was attributed to the preferential formations of the strongly interacted and partially oxidized Co nanoparticles with the formation of active iron carbides as well.
Radical C−N Borylation of Aromatic Amines Enabled by a Pyrylium Reagent
Authors: Ma Yuanhong , Pang Yue , Chabbra Sonia , Reijerse Edward J. , Schnegg Alexander , Niski Jan , Leutzsch Markus , Cornella Josep
Published: January 2020

Herein, we report a radical borylation of aromatic amines through a homolytic C(sp2)−N bond cleavage. This method capitalizes on a simple and mild activation via a pyrylium reagent (ScPyry‐OTf) thus priming the amino group for reactivity. The combination of terpyridine and a diboron reagent triggers a radical reaction which cleaves the C(sp2)−N bond and forges a new C(sp2)−B bond. The unique non‐planar structure of the pyridinium intermediate, provides the necessary driving force for the aryl radical formation. The method permits borylation of a wide variety of aromatic amines indistinctively of the electronic environment.
Kinetic Investigation of Polyurethane Rubber Formation from CO2‐Containing Polyols
Authors: Buchner Georg A. , Rudolph Maik , Norwig Jochen , Marker Volker , Gürtler Christoph , Schomäcker Reinhard
Published: January 2020

A novel CO2 utilization technology allows for the inclusion of CO2 as carbonate units and double bond moieties to give additional functionality in polyether polyols. This study examines the chain‐elongation kinetics of these diols with diisocyanates to polyurethane rubbers by means of thermal analysis. A reaction order of 1 indicates a strong influence of the chains' mobility on the reaction rate. Spectrometry and comparison with non‐double‐bond polyols reveal that the effect cannot be attributed to a substantial occurrence of side reactions but is rather due to the intertwining of lengthy chains.
The brain of a nocturnal migratory insect, the Australian Bogong moth
Authors: Adden Andrea , Wibrand Sara , Pfeiffer Keram , Warrant Eric , Heinze Stanley
Published: January 2020

Every year, millions of Australian Bogong moths (Agrotis infusa) complete an astonishing journey: In Spring, they migrate over 1,000 km from their breeding grounds to the alpine regions of the Snowy Mountains, where they endure the hot summer in the cool climate of alpine caves. In autumn, the moths return to their breeding grounds, where they mate, lay eggs and die. These moths can use visual cues in combination with the geomagnetic field to guide their flight, but how these cues are processed and integrated into the brain to drive migratory behavior is unknown. To generate an access point for functional studies, we provide a detailed description of the Bogong moth's brain. Based on immunohistochemical stainings against synapsin and serotonin (5HT), we describe the overall layout as well as the fine structure of all major neuropils, including the regions that have previously been implicated in compass‐based navigation. The resulting average brain atlas consists of 3D reconstructions of 25 separate neuropils, comprising the most detailed account of a moth brain to date. Our results show that the Bogong moth brain follows the typical lepidopteran ground pattern, with no major specializations that can be attributed to their spectacular migratory lifestyle. These findings suggest that migratory behavior does not require widespread modifications of brain structure, but might be achievable via small adjustments of neural circuitry in key brain areas. Locating these subtle changes will be a challenging task for the future, for which our study provides an essential anatomical framework.
Pou3f4‐expressing otic mesenchyme cells promote spiral ganglion neuron survival in the postnatal mouse cochlea
Authors: Brooks Paige M. , Rose Kevin P. , MacRae Meaghan L. , Rangoussis Katherine M. , Gurjar Mansa , Hertzano Ronna , Coate Thomas M.
Published: January 2020

During inner ear development, primary auditory neurons named spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) are surrounded by otic mesenchyme cells, which express the transcription factor Pou3f4. Mutations in Pou3f4 are associated with DFNX2, the most common form of X‐linked deafness and typically include developmental malformations of the middle ear and inner ear. It is known that interactions between Pou3f4‐expressing mesenchyme cells and SGNs are important for proper axon bundling during development. However, Pou3f4 continues to be expressed through later phases of development, and potential interactions between Pou3f4 and SGNs during this period had not been explored. To address this, we documented Pou3f4 protein expression in the early postnatal mouse cochlea and compared SGNs in Pou3f4 knockout mice and littermate controls. In Pou3f4y/− mice, SGN density begins to decline by the end of the first postnatal week, with approximately 25% of SGNs ultimately lost. This period of SGN loss in Pou3f4y/− cochleae coincides with significant elevations in SGN apoptosis. Interestingly, this period also coincides with the presence of a transient population of Pou3f4‐expressing cells around and within the spiral ganglion. To determine if Pou3f4 is normally required for SGN peripheral axon extension into the sensory domain, we used a genetic sparse labeling approach to track SGNs and found no differences compared with controls. We also found that Pou3f4 loss did not lead to changes in the proportions of Type I SGN subtypes. Overall, these data suggest that otic mesenchyme cells may play a role in maintaining SGN populations during the early postnatal period.
A Comparative Review of Electrolytes for Organic‐Material‐Based Energy‐Storage Devices Employing Solid Electrodes and Redox Fluids
Authors: Chen Ruiyong , Bresser Dominic , Saraf Mohit , Gerlach Patrick , Balducci Andrea , Kunz Simon , Schröder Daniel , Passerini Stefano , Chen Jun
Published: January 2020

Electrolyte chemistry is critical for any energy‐storage device. Low‐cost and sustainable rechargeable batteries based on organic redox‐active materials are of great interest to tackle resource and performance limitations of current batteries with metal‐based active materials. Organic active materials can be used not only as solid electrodes in the classic lithium‐ion battery (LIB) setup, but also as redox fluids in redox‐flow batteries (RFBs). Accordingly, they have suitability for mobile and stationary applications, respectively. Herein, different types of electrolytes, recent advances for designing better performing electrolytes, and remaining scientific challenges are discussed and summarized. Due to different configurations and requirements between LIBs and RFBs, the similarities and differences for choosing suitable electrolytes are discussed. Both general and specific strategies for promoting the utilization of organic active materials are covered.
Coordinate transformation and construction of finite element mesh in a diverted tokamak geometry
Authors: Nishimura Y. , Lyu J.C. , Waelbroeck F.L. , Zheng L.J. , Michoski C.E.
Published: January 2020

A coordinate transformation technique between straight magnetic field line coordinate system (Ψ, θ) and Cartesian coordinate system (R, Z) is presented employing a Solov'ev solution of the Grad‐Shafranov equation. Employing the equilibrium solution, the poloidal magnetic flux Ψ(R, Z) of a diverted tokamak, magnetic field line equation is solved computationally to find curves of constant poloidal angle θ, which provides us with explicit relations R = R(Ψ, θ) and Z = Z(Ψ, θ). Correspondingly, conversion from one coordinate to the other along particle trajectories in the vicinity of separatrix is demonstrated. Based on the magnetic structure, a finite element mesh is generated in a diverted tokamak geometry to solve Poisson's equation.