bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Employee Engagement on Employee Performance with Mediating Effect of Employee Retention
Authors: Dr. Saima Tabasum  , Abdul Rehman Shaikh
Published: January 2023

A formal study determines the impact of varied approaches and perspectives on entrepreneurial behavior. Entrepreneurs are necessary in today's competitive business environment because they stay abreast of the most recent technological developments, which aid in expanding their enterprises. Statistical methods known as structured equation modelling (SEM) quantify and examine the connections between latent and observable variables. To determine the relationship between the study's independent, mediating, moderating, and reliant variables, researchers employed innovative PLS software to do structural equation modeling. Using a questionnaire, data is gathered from a random population sample using the SEM approach. The obtained information is subsequently examined using Smart PLS's analysis and testing capabilities. Overall, results from the majority hypothesis indicate that entrepreneurship is significantly affected. The R2 value is 0.560, which suggests that the factors affecting entrepreneurship account for 56% of the variance. As per the results, the significant influence of inspiring motivators on new business ventures, innovativeness, and responsiveness should urge managers to involve employees in formulating common strategic visions to encourage them to launch new internal creative projects. Additionally, managers should develop training programs to increase employee enthusiasm and creativity, improving their ability to think creatively and act in a self-renewing manner.
Waste management in steelmaking by EAF route
Authors: Nikolić Irena
Published: January 2023

Electric arc furnace slag (EAFS) and electric arc furnace dust (EAFD) are the waste materials from the steel production by EAF route which implies remelting of iron and steel scrap in electric arc furnaces (EAF). In recent years, special attention is paid on the valorisation of EAFS and EAFD since disposing the both may cause negative impacts on the environment. In this paper, the methods that are in use to process EAFS and EAFD have been reviewed, and their advantages and disadvantages are also addressed. Literature data indicates that EAFS can be successfully valorised in civil engineering, wastewaters treatments and as a soil nutrient in agriculture, while the presence of valuable elements in EAFD is motivational factors for the recycling of EAFD. Moreover, valorisation of EAFD through vitrification and stabilization/solidification processes is also widely discussed.
Managing project using JIRA software
Authors: Arnautović Aleksandar
Published: January 2023

This paper deals with the analysis of the use of the Jira program in project management, a software tool that you can use to improve project management activities. The paper will refer to the practical application of the Jira program in the work on the project for the Dashboard Panel of the Swiss portal Homegate.ch. The paper includes the entire life cycle of the project, analysis of all the necessary parts that need to be done, its division into smaller units - stories, until completion and presentation to clients. In Jira, as in other project management software, project managers and their teams can view to-do lists, create and share analytical reports, and see the status of their project in real time. This kind of visibility can be especially useful for teams using agile methodologies.
Accounting measurement of intangible assets implementing VAIC tm model
Authors: Rastić Amer , Stevanović Tatjana , Staletović Maja
Published: January 2023

Facilitated and stimulated transfer of knowledge, primarily due to digital technology and globalization, enabled subjects in the economy to actively use it in order to achieve success in business. The company's portfolio becomes enriched with resources or assets whose main substantial element is knowledge. However, knowledge is not easy to track and include in business books. Due to the fact that it cannot be seen or touched, additional efforts have been made by researchers to develop a quality accounting methodology. In addition to the fact that in the context of accounting, knowledge is qualified as an intangible asset, the methodology of financial accounting has been improved, and various models of its measurement have been offered in the literature. In particular, the VAIC model for measuring the efficiency of using intangible assets stands out in the literature.
Occurrence of two myxosporean parasites in the gall bladder of white seabreamDiplodus sargus(L.) (Teleostei, Sparidae), with the morphological and molecular description ofCeratomyxa sargusn. sp.
Authors: Rocha Sónia , Filipe Rangel Luís , Casal Graça , Severino Ricardo , Soares Florbela , Rodrigues Pedro , Santos Maria João
Published: January 2023

Myxosporeans are widespread cnidarian parasites that usually parasitize fish as part of their complex life cycle, thus constituting a potential threat for the aquaculture industry. White seabreamDiplodus sargus(L.) is a commercially valuable sparid fish reared in Southern European aquacultures. Nonetheless, knowledge on myxosporean infections potentially harming the sustainable production of this fish is extremely limited. In this study, a myxosporean survey was conducted onD. sargusspecimens reared in two Southern Portuguese fish farms. Two coelozoic myxosporeans were detected infecting the gall bladder, and are herein reported based on microscopic and molecular procedures:Ceratomyxa sargusn. sp. andZschokkella auratisRocha et al., 2013, previously described from reared stocks of gilthead seabreamSparus auratain the same geographic locality.Ceratomyxa sargusn. sp. is the 12thspecies of the genus to be reported from Southern European sparids, reinforcing a substantial radiation ofCeratomyxawithin this fish family and geographic region. SSU rRNA-based Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood analyses revealedC. sargusn. sp. positioned separately from other sparid-infectingCeratomyxaspp. reported from Southern European countries, demonstrating that this species does not share a more immediate common ancestor with its closest relatives based on host affinity and geography. The recognition of a novel sparid-infecting lineage within theCeratomyxaclade strengthens the contention that this genus entered sparid fish multiple times, namely in the Southern European region. The identification ofZschokkella auratisinfections inD. sargusdemonstrates that host shift has occurred among sparids reared in the Southern Portuguese coast. This agrees with the broad host specificity that is usually attributed to this genus, and that may be suggested to be the outcome of the capacity of theZschokkellamorphotype to undergo host shift/switch based on our findings and the limited molecular data available for this genus. Thus, a better understanding ofZschokkellahost-associated diversification and dispersal mechanisms requires the increasing availability of molecular data from infections of the same species occurring in multiple hosts and geographical locations.
Systematic identification of smORFs in domestic silkworm (Bombyx mori)
Authors: Wan Linrong , Xiao Wenfu , Huang Ziyan , Zhou Anlian , Jiang Yaming , Zou Bangxing , Liu Binbin , Deng Cao , Zhang Youhong
Published: January 2023

The silkworm (Bombyx mori) is not only an excellent model species, but also an important agricultural economic insect. Taking it as the research object, its advantages of low maintenance cost and no biohazard risks are considered. Small open reading frames (smORFs) are an important class of genomic elements that can produce bioactive peptides. However, the smORFs in silkworm had been poorly identified and studied. To further study the smORFs in silkworm, systematic genome-wide identification is essential. Here, we identified and analyzed smORFs in the silkworm using comprehensive methods. Our results showed that at least 738 highly reliable smORFs were found in B. mori and that 34,401 possible smORFs were partially supported. We also identified some differentially expressed and tissue-specific-expressed smORFs, which may be closely related to the characteristics and functions of the tissues. This article provides a basis for subsequent research on smORFs in silkworm, and also hopes to provide a reference point for future research methods for smORFs in other species.
Using Implementation Science to Optimize School Mental Health During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Short Kathy H. , Bullock Heather L. , Crooks Claire V. , Georgiades Katholiki
Published: January 2023

The Covid-19 pandemic has provoked a turbulent and uncertain time, especially for young people. Globally, schools have responded to the evolving pandemic using the best available insights, data, and practices. This response has included a renewed focus on the importance of school mental health as a protective and stabilizing influence. In Ontario, strategic investments in school mental health, inclusive of foundational infrastructure, scalable evidence-informed interventions, and embedded implementation supports, allowed school boards to mobilize quickly during Covid-19, and to act within the context of an overarching multi-tiered strategy. In this article, we describe foundational elements that contributed to rapid mobilization and response in school mental health service provision in Ontario schools during Covid-19.
Financial Technologies and Financial Inclusion in Emerging Economies: Perspectives from Nigeria
Authors: Ogunode Olubunmi Adewole , Akintoye Rufus Ishola
Published: January 2023

This paper examined the interplay between financial technologies and financial inclusion in emerging economies especially from the Nigerian perspective. The study adopted the exploratory research design involving extensive review of related published materials including statistics obtained from reputable sources such as the World Bank, the Enhancing Financial Inclusion Surveys and the Global Findex reports. The study found that while the deployment of financial technologies has aided the financial inclusion drive in Nigeria, progress is still being hampered by challenges relating to poor system interoperability, socio-cultural induced gender sensitivities, concerns of data privacy breaches and over serving of cities by Fintechs to the detriment of priority rural areas. The study therefore recommended that regulatory authorities should provide clear policy frameworks that address issues of gender sensitivities, breach of data privacy and encourage a redirection of fintech activities to priority rural areas for greater impact on the financial inclusion drive. Also, efforts should be made to improve system interoperability and linkages between the conventional banks and fintech players to mitigate the challenges of frequent downtimes and service glitches which heightens trust deficiency.
Recent Patent Reform Bills and Their Implications for Prescription Drugs
Authors: Tu S. Sean , Nagar Sarosh , Kesselheim Aaron S.
Published: January 2023

This Viewpoint discusses 3 bills introduced recently in Congress that focus on patent eligibility, fraud, and quality and that have major implications for clinical medicine and pharmaceutical development.
Economic Burden of the 2020 COVID-19 Hospitalizations in Spain
Authors: Álvarez-del Río Blanca , Sánchez-de Prada Laura , Álvaro-Meca Alejandro , Martín-Fernández Marta , Álvarez F. Javier , Tamayo Eduardo , Gutiérrez-Abejón Eduardo
Published: January 2023

This economic evaluation reports the total and per patient costs of inpatient care for COVID-19 in Spain in 2020.
Transitioning from a COMS‐based plaque brachytherapy program to using eye physics plaques and plaque simulator treatment planning system: A single institutional experience
Authors: Meltsner Sheridan G. , Rodrigues Anna , Materin Miguel A. , Kirsch David G. , Craciunescu Oana
Published: January 2023

The aim of this work is to describe the implementation and commissioning of a plaque brachytherapy program using Eye Physics eye plaques and Plaque Simulator treatment planning system based on the experience of one institution with an established COMS‐based plaque program. Although commissioning recommendations are available in official task groups publications such as TG‐129 and TG‐221, we found that there was a lack of published experiences with the specific details of such a transition and the practical application of the commissioning guidelines. The specific issues addressed in this paper include discussing the lack of FDA approval of the Eye Physics plaques and Plaque Simulator treatment planning system, the commissioning of the plaques and treatment planning system including considerations of the heterogeneity corrected calculations, and the implementation of a second check using an FDA‐approved treatment planning system. We have also discussed the use of rental plaques, the analysis of plans using dose histograms, and the development of a quality management program. By sharing our experiences with the commissioning of this program this document will assist other institutions with the same task and act as a supplement to the recommendations in the recently published TG‐221.
Genistein, a Soybean Isoflavone, Promotes Wound Healing by Enhancing Endothelial Progenitor Cell Mobilization in Rats with Hemorrhagic Shock
Authors: Peng Xiaoyong , Zhu Yu , Wu Yue , Xiang Xinming , Deng Mengsheng , Liu Liangming , Li Tao , Yang Guangming
Published: January 2023

Severe trauma and hemorrhaging are often accompanied by delayed cutaneous wound healing. Soybean isoflavone is a natural phytoestrogen that has attracted great attention due to its protective effects against various injuries. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are precursor cells with directional differentiation characteristics. This study is to determine whether genistein (GEN), an isoflavone in soybean products, benefits wound healing in hemorrhagic shock (HS) rats by promoting EPC homing and to investigate the underlying mechanisms. In this study, it is found that GEN promotes skin wound healing in HS rats, which is due at least partly to the mobilization of endogenous EPCs to the injury site via angiotensin II (Ang‐II), stromal cell‐derived factor‐1alpha (SDF‐1α), and transforming growth factor beta(TGF‐β) signaling.
Exploration of Metal Alloys as Zero‐Resistance Interfacial Modification Layers for Garnet‐Type Solid Electrolytes
Authors: Cui Jiang , Kim Jong Heon , Yao Shanshan , Guerfi Abdelbast , Paolella Andrea , Goodenough John B. , Khani Hadi
Published: January 2023

A solid‐state battery with a lithium‐metal anode and a garnet‐type solid electrolyte has been widely regarded as one of the most promising solutions to boost the safety and energy density of current lithium‐ion batteries. However, lithiophobic property of garnet‐type solid electrolytes hinders the establishment of a good physical contact with lithium metal, bringing about a large lithium/garnet interfacial resistance that has remained as the greatest issue facing their practical application in solid‐state batteries. Herein, a melt‐quenching approach is developed by which varieties of interfacial modification layers based on metal alloys can be coated uniformly on the surface of the garnet. It is demonstrated that with an ultrathin, lithiophilic AgSn0.6Bi0.4Ox coating the interfacial resistance can be eliminated, and a dendrite‐free lithium plating and stripping on the lithium/garnet interface can be achieved at a high current density of 20 mA cm−2. The results reveal that the uniform coating on the garnet surface and the facile lithium diffusion through the coating layer are two major reasons for the excellent electrochemical performances. The all‐solid‐state full cell consisting of the surface modified garnet‐type solid electrolyte with a LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 cathode and a lithium–metal anode maintains 86% of its initial capacity after 1000 stable cycles at 1 C.
Programming Delayed Dissolution Into Sacrificial Bioinks For Dynamic Temporal Control of Architecture within 3D‐Bioprinted Constructs
Authors: Soliman Bram G. , Longoni Alessia , Wang Mian , Li Wanlu , Bernal Paulina N. , Cianciosi Alessandro , Lindberg Gabriella C.J. , Malda Jos , Groll Juergen , Jungst Tomasz , Levato Riccardo , Rnjak‐Kovacina Jelena , Woodfield Tim B. F. , Zhang Yu Shrike , Lim Khoon S.
Published: January 2023

Sacrificial printing allows introduction of architectural cues within engineered tissue constructs. This strategy adopts the use of a 3D‐printed sacrificial ink that is embedded within a bulk hydrogel which is subsequently dissolved to leave open‐channels. However, current conventional sacrificial inks do not recapitulate the dynamic nature of tissue development, such as the temporal presentation of architectural cues matching cellular requirements during different stages of maturation. To address this limitation, a new class of sacrificial inks is developed that exhibits tailorable and programmable delayed dissolution profiles (1–17 days), by exploiting the unique ability of the ruthenium complex and sodium persulfate initiating system to crosslink native tyrosine groups present in non‐chemically modified gelatin. These novel sacrificial inks are also shown to be compatible with a range of biofabrication technologies, including extrusion‐based printing, digital‐light processing, and volumetric bioprinting. Further embedding these sacrificial templates within cell‐laden bulk hydrogels displays precise control over the spatial and temporal introduction of architectural features into cell‐laden hydrogel constructs. This approach demonstrates the unique capacity of delaying dissolution of sacrificial inks to modulate cell behavior, improving the deposition of mineralized matrix and capillary‐like network formation in osteogenic and vasculogenic culture, respectively.
Sub‐Nanowires Boost Superior Capacitive Energy Storage Performance of Polymer Composites at High Temperatures
Authors: Yang Minzheng , Yuan Feng , Shi Wenxiong , Ren Weibin , Guo Mengfan , Ouyang Chen , Zhou Le , Sun Nannan , Xiao Yao , Xu Erxiang , Zhang Xuanhe , Wei Yan , Deng Xuliang , Nan Cewen , Wang Xun , Shen Yang
Published: January 2023

Polymer dielectrics with high breakdown strength (Eb) and high efficiency are urgently demanded in advanced electrical and electronic systems, yet their energy density (Ue) is limited due to low dielectric constant (εr) and high loss at elevated temperatures. Conventional inorganic fillers with diameters from nano to micrometers can only increase εr at the cost of compromised Eb and Ue due to their poor compatibility with polymer matrix. Herein, hydroxyapatite (HAP) sub‐nanowires with a diameter of ≈0.9 nm are incorporated in polyetherimide (PEI) matrix to form HAP/PEI sub‐nanocomposites. εr and Eb of the composites are concomitantly enhanced with only 0.5 wt.% of HAP sub‐nanowires, leading to high Ue of 5.14 (@150 °C) and 3.1 J cm−3 (@200 °C) with efficiency of 90% and high‐temperature stability up to 3 × 105 charge‐discharge cycles at 200 °C. Microstructural analysis and molecular dynamics simulations indicate that the sub‐nanowires with comparable diameter as polymer chains induce enormous interfacial area, substantially increase mobility of polymer chains and form dense traps for charge carriers. This work extends the current research scope of polymer‐inorganics composite dielectrics to the sub‐nano‐level incorporation and provides a novel strategy for fabricating high performance polymer dielectrics at elevated temperatures.
Direct Observation of Lateral Field Confinement in Symmetry‐Protected THz Bound States in the Continuum
Authors: ter Huurne Stan , Abujetas Diego R. , van Hoof Niels , Sanchez‐Gil Jose A. , Gómez Rivas Jaime
Published: January 2023

Electromagnetic field confinement on sub‐wavelength scales is possible at the expense of increasing optical losses. Examples are surface plasmon polaritons and resonant structures, which suffer from absorption losses and radiative outcoupling, respectively. Here, the first experimental evidence of strong electromagnetic field confinement along the lateral (out‐of‐plane) direction in a near lossless metasurface that supports a symmetry‐protected Bound State in the Continuum is shown, which fully suppresses the radiative losses of resonant scatterers. This experimental demonstration, supported by coupled dipole calculations, is measured by a double near‐field probe technique to locally excite and detect the time evolution and confinement of the electric field onto the surface, achieving an amplitude decay length from the metasurface of λ/38 at 0.39 THz.
Melittin‐Carrying Nanoparticle Suppress T Cell‐Driven Immunity in a Murine Allergic Dermatitis Model
Authors: Liu Zheng , Fan Zhan , Liu Jinxin , Wang Jialu , Xu Mengli , Li Xinlin , Xu Yilun , Lu Yafang , Han Chenlu , Zhang Zhihong
Published: January 2023

Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) and atopic dermatitis (AD) are the most common human skin disorders. Although corticosteroids have been widely used to treat ACD and AD, the side effects of corticosteroids encourage researchers to explore new immunoregulatory treatments. Here, an immunomodulatory approach based on lipid nanoparticles carrying α‐helical configurational melittin (α‐melittin‐NP) is developed to overcome T cell‐mediated inflammatory reactions in an oxazolone (OXA)‐induced contact hypersensitivity mouse model and OXA‐induced AD‐like mouse model. Intradermal injection of low‐dose α‐melittin‐NPs prevents the skin damage caused by melittin administration alone and efficiently targeted lymph nodes. Importantly, melittin and α‐melittin‐NPs restrain RelB activity in dendritic cells (DCs) and further suppresses dendritic cell activation and maturation in lymph nodes. Furthermore, low‐dose α‐melittin‐NPs leads to relief of antigen recognition‐induced effector T cell arrest in the dermis and inhibited allergen‐specific T cell proliferation and activation. Significantly, this approach successfully controls Th1‐type cytokine release in the ACD model and restricts Th2‐type cytokine and IgE release in the AD‐like model. Overall, intradermal delivery of low‐dose α‐melittin‐NPs efficiently elicits immunosuppression against T cell‐mediated immune reactions, providing a promising therapeutic strategy for treating skin disorders not restricted to the lesion region.
Ionic Liquid Meets MOF: A Facile Method to Optimize the Structure of CoSe2‐NiSe2 Heterojunctions with N, P, and F Triple‐Doped Carbon Using Ionic Liquid for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution and Flexible Supercapacitors
Authors: Yi Mingjie , Ma Jiayu , Ren Yi , Wang Hao , Xie Lin , Zhu Zhenye , Zhang Jiaheng
Published: January 2023

The rational design of catalysts’ spatial structure is vitally important to boost catalytic performance by exposing the active sites and increasing specific surface area. Herein, the heteroatom doping and morphology of CoNi metal‐organic frameworks(MOF) are modulated by controlling the volume of ionic liquid used in synthesis and generating CoSe2‐NiSe2 heterojunction structures wrapped by N, P, F tri‐doped carbon(NPFC) after a selenisation process. Notably, the unique cubic porous structure of CoSe2‐NiSe2/NPFC results in a specific surface five times that of the sheet‐like hollow structure produced without ionic liquid. Moreover, the charge redistribution during heterojunction formation is verified in detail using synchrotron radiation. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the formation of heterojunctions and doping of heteroatoms successfully lower the ΔGH* and ΔGOH* values. Consequently, CoSe2‐NiSe2/NPFC exhibits excellent activity for HER in both acidic and alkaline solutions. Meanwhile, CoSe2‐NiSe2/NPFC as a cathode material exhibits excellent performance in a flexible solid‐state supercapacitor, with a superior energy density of 55.7 Wh kg−1 at an extremely high‐power density of 15.9 kW kg−1. This material design provides new ideas for not only using ionic liquids to modulate the morphology of MOFs but also deriving heterojunctions and heteroatom‐doped carbon from MOFs.
The spectrum of neurological manifestations and genotype–phenotype correlation in Indian children with Gaucher disease
Authors: Venkatachari Mahesh , Chakraborty Soumalya , Correa Alec Reginald Errol , Mishra Puneeta , Kocchar Kanwal Preet , Kabra Madhulika , Chakrabarty Biswaroop , Kalaivani Mani , Sapra Savita , Mishra Pallavi , Gulati Sheffali , Gupta Neerja
Published: January 2023

Gaucher disease (GD), one of the most frequent autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorders, occurs due to bi‐allelic pathogenic variants in the GBA1. Worldwide, the c.1448T>C (L483P) homozygous pathogenic variant is reported to be associated with neurological GD phenotype. Clinical distinction between GD1 and GD3 may be challenging due to subtle neurological features. Objective methods to evaluate neurological signs and saccades may help in early diagnosis. This study was conducted to assess the neurological phenotype, and its severity using a modified severity scoring tool (mSST), and the genotype–phenotype correlation. A total of 45 children aged 2 years 6 months to 15 years with a confirmed enzymatic and molecular diagnosis of GD with or without therapy were recruited. mSST tool was used to assess the severity of the neurological phenotype. A digital eye movement tracker (View Point Tracker) was used to assess eye movements. Clinical and genetic findings were analyzed. Out of 45 patients, 39 (86.7%) had at least one neurological phenotype detected using the mSST tool, with impairment of cognitive function (68.8%, 31/45) being the commonest feature. Thirty‐two of 45 (71%) were assessed for saccadic eye movements using the eye tracker. Of these, 62.5% (20/32) had absent saccades. Four children (8.9%, 4/32) without clinical oculomotor apraxia had absent saccades on the viewpoint eye tracker. Overall, 77.7% (35/45), had homozygosity for c.1448T>C in GBA1 of which 91.4% (32/35) had neurological manifestations. Other alleles associated with neurological phenotype included c.1603C>T(p.R535C), c.1184C>T (p.S395F), c.115+1G>A (g.4234G>A), c.260G>A (p.R87Q) and c.1352A>G (p.Y451C). To conclude, in India, the c.1448T>C pathogenic variant in GBA1 is the commonest  and is associated with neurological phenotype of GD. Therefore, every patient of GD should be assessed using the mSST scoring tool for an early pick up of neurological features. The routine use of a viewpoint eye tracker in children with GD would be useful for early recognition of saccadic abnormalities.
Tunable Transmissive Metastructure for Precise or Broadband Polarization Conversion Modulation Based on Graphene
Authors: Li Yu‐Peng , Xia Ke , Zhang Lei , Zhang Hai‐Feng
Published: January 2023

Based on the principle of Fabry–Perot (F–P) cavity resonance and the selective permeability of gratings to specific electromagnetic waves, a graphene‐based metastructure (MS) is proposed for transmissive polarization conversion (PC). Using the full‐wave numerical simulation, it is found that by varying the Fermi energy of graphene, the effective resonance range of the suggested MS can be dynamically adjusted from 0.47 to 0.348–0.714 THz, achieving the target of precise to ultra‐broadband polarization modulation. In this paper, the plausibility of the structure is verified from multiple perspectives, and the correlation analyses of the electric and magnetic fields are the supporting illustrations. Additionally, the triggering mechanism of PC is visually illustrated in the study of the surface currents distributions. Simulation results reveal that the MS is superior in performance, functionality, and principle, and it is foreseen to hold excellent promise for integrated equipment in the terahertz (THz) band.
How students discern anatomical structures using digital three‐dimensional visualizations in anatomy education
Authors: Pettersson Anna F. , Karlgren Klas , Al‐Saadi Jonathan , Hjelmqvist Hans , Meister Björn , Zeberg Hugo , Silén Charlotte
Published: January 2023

Learning anatomy holds specific challenges, like the appreciation of three‐dimensional relationships between anatomical structures. So far, there is limited knowledge about how students construct their understanding of topographic anatomy. By understanding the processes by which students learn anatomical structures in 3D, educators will be better equipped to offer support and create successful learning situations. Using video analysis, this study investigates how students discern anatomical structures. Sixteen students at different levels of education and from different study programs were recorded audiovisually while exploring 3D digital images using a computerized visualization table. Eleven hours of recorded material were analyzed using interaction analysis and phenomenography. Seven categories were identified during data analysis, describing the qualitatively different patterns of actions that students use to make sense of anatomy:decoding the image;positioning the body in space;purposeful seeking,using knowledge and experience;making use of and creating variation;aimless exploration, andarriving at moments of understanding. The results suggest that anatomy instruction should be organized to let the students decide how and at what pace they examine visualized images. Particularly, the discovery process of decoding and positioning the body in space supports a deep learning approach for learning anatomy using visualizations. The students' activities should be facilitated and not directed.
Role of the Support Effects in Single‐Atom Catalysts
Authors: Liu Huimin , Liu Chang , Zong Xing , Wang Yongfei , Hu Zhizhi , Zhang Zhiqiang
Published: January 2023

In recent years, single‐atom catalysts (SACs) have received a significant amount of attention due to their high atomic utilization, low cost, high reaction activity, and selectivity for multiple catalytic reactions. Unfortunately, the high surface free energy of single atoms leads them easily migrated and aggregated. Therefore, support materials play an important role in the preparation and catalytic performance of SACs. Aiming at understanding the relationship between support materials and the catalytic performance of SACs, the support effects in SACs are introduced and reviewed herein. Moreover, special emphasis is placed on exploring the influence of the type and structure of supports on SAC catalytic performance through advanced characterization and theoretical research. Future research directions for support materials are also proposed, providing some insight into the design of SACs with high efficiency and high loading.
BIMTakt – Optimierung der Produktionsplanung durch ganzheitliche Integration von BIM und Lean Construction
Authors: Becker Steven , Tschickardt Thomas
Published: January 2023

Nach wie vor wird der Großteil der Bauprojekte mittels längst überholter Werkzeuge geplant und gesteuert. Projektspezifische Informationen werden aus einfachen 2D‐Planzeichnungen entnommen. Die spätere terminliche Steuerung der Bauausführung wird immer noch mit Balkenterminplänen durchgeführt. Der große Nachteil ist, dass diese meist statische Form der Informationsweitergabe mit einem hohen Fehlerpotenzial einhergeht, denn viele Bauprojekte sind gekennzeichnet durch sich stetig ändernde Rahmenbedingungen, die eine dynamische Reaktion zu jeder Projektphase erfordern. Die digitale BIM‐basierte Arbeitsmethode (Building Information Modeling) ist in diesem Zusammenhang ein zentrales Werkzeug, um bereits in frühen Projektphasen eine verlässlichere Planung sicherzustellen und Informationsbrüche zu minimieren. In den letzten Jahren konnte sich zudem die Methode des Lean Construction Management einschließlich verschiedener Werkzeuge, wie bspw. die Taktplanung und Taktsteuerung zur Optimierung der Terminplanung und Steuerung, in der deutschen Baubranche etablieren. Trotz vielfacher Vorteile werden beide Ansätze gegenwärtig noch nicht in einer ganzheitlichen Weise miteinander kombiniert. Nachfolgend wird daher ein Konzept entwickelt, mit dessen Hilfe eine voll automatisierte Ableitung detaillierter Taktpläne auf Basis eines Bauwerksinformationsmodells ermöglicht wird. Zu Beginn werden die Randbedingungen an einen Lean‐basierten Taktplan evaluiert. Anschließend sollen einem Bauwerksinformationsmodell sowohl die geometrischen als auch die prozessrelevanten Informationen automatisiert entnommen werden, um so einen projektspezifischen Taktplan zu generieren. Dadurch soll der gegenwärtig noch analoge Prozess der Taktplanerstellung automatisiert und in eine modellbasierte Arbeitsweise integriert werden.
Effect of Intermediate Radicals on NOx and De‐NOx Characteristics of NH3/H2/Air Flames at High Pressure
Authors: Singh Anand Shankar , Sharma Debojit , Dash Sukanta Kumar , Vanteru Mahendra Reddy
Published: January 2023

The effect of NH, NH2, and HNO on NOx and De‐NOx chemistry of a NH3/H2/air mixture at a pressure of 20 bar is investigated. Results suggest that the increase in pressure reduces NOx emissions and increases HO2 radical production through the reaction H + O2(+M) → HO2(+M). In contrast with OH and O radicals, the HO2 radical is less reactive, which prevents NO formation. The fuel‐bound NOx emissions mainly depend on the reactions NH + OH → NO + H, HNO(+M) → NO + H(+M), HNO + OH → NO + H2O, and HNO + O2 → NO + HO2, and thermal NOx depends on the reactions N + O2 → NO + N and N + OH → NO + H. At a pressure of 20 bar, the N2O is further converted to NO2 and N2 through the reaction N2O + NO → NO2 + N2. The abundance of HO2 radicals at high pressure also initiates the conversion of NO to NO2 via the reaction NO + HO2 → NO2 + H.
Revealing the Impact of Different Iron‐Based Precursors on the ‘Catalytic’ Graphitization for Synthesis of Anode Materials for Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Frankenstein Lars , Glomb Pascal , Ramirez‐Rico Joaquin , Winter Martin , Placke Tobias , Gomez‐Martin Aurora
Published: January 2023

Low cost and environmentally friendly production of graphite anodes from naturally available biomass resources is of great importance to satisfy the increasing material demand for lithium ion batteries. Herein, graphitization of coffee ground was performed using four different iron‐based activating additives, including iron (III) chloride, iron (III) nitrate, iron (III) oxide and pure iron, following either a wet or a dry mixing approach. The structural development regarding the type of activator used and the impact on the corresponding electrochemical performance are systematically investigated. A maximum degree of graphitization between 55 and 74 % (as determined by Raman spectroscopy) is attained using iron (III) chloride and iron powder, respectively. The graphitic anode material synthesized using iron powder reached a maximum reversible capacity of ≈320 mAh g−1 at a rate of 0.1 C. This study provides significant insights into the impact of activators on the design of synthetic graphite from renewable sources.
Energy Harvesting: Synthetic Use of Recovered Energy in Electrochemical Late‐Stage Functionalization
Authors: Karl Tobias A. , Seidl Max , König Burkhard
Published: January 2023

An induction‐based energy harvesting (EH) device was presented. It converted part of the rotational energy of magnetic stirrers back into electrical energy, making it accessible for electrochemical transformations. After rectification, the induced AC voltage was optionally provided as a constant voltage or constant current whereby the available voltage could directly be adjusted by the stirring rate of the reaction. The comparability of the results with reactions carried out with commercial power supplies has been demonstrated on six different late‐stage functionalization, including methylation, carboxylation, trifluoromethylation, imidation, hydrolysis, and keto‐olefin coupling. Therefore, the described EH device is a low‐cost, resource‐efficient alternative to a commercial electrochemical set‐up and enables laboratories without specialized equipment to perform electrochemical reactions.
Synthesis of Cationic Silver Nanoparticles with Highly Potent Properties against Oral Pathogens and Their Biofilms
Authors: He Yanping , Ketagoda Don Hashan Kevin , Bright Richard , Britza Susan Marie , Zechner Joshua , Musgrave Ian , Vasilev Krasimir , Zilm Peter
Published: January 2023

Dental caries is a major disease associated with the proliferation of acidogenic bacterial species such as Streptococcus mutans that are part of the commensal microbiota of the mouth. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are attractive antibacterial agents as they target multiple sites in bacteria which reduces antimicrobial resistance. In this study, we synthesised stable, highly positively charged AgNPs capped with branched PEI (BPEI‐AgNPs) and characterized them using UV–vis absorption, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the size of which were approximately 7.5 nm. The antibacterial activity and anti‐biofilm capacity of BPEI‐AgNPs was investigated against cariogenic bacteria. Our results demonstrated that BPEI‐AgNPs are potent clinical oral antiseptics. The cytotoxicity of the BPEI‐AgNPs was also studied against two mammalian cell lines. The results indicated that BPEI‐AgNPs were non‐cytotoxic and were safer than commercially used dental antiseptics. We conclude that the BPEI‐AgNPs are safe for oral clinical application and are an effective oral antimicrobial agent.
The association between high‐risk human papillomavirus and oral lichen planus
Authors: Mohammadi Maryam , Abbaszadeh Hamid , Mohtasham Nooshin , Salehiniya Hamid , Shafaie Ebrahim
Published: January 2023

Objectives

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a cell‐mediated inflammatory mucosal disorder and is classified as an oral potentially malignant disorder. Some research has shown that apoptosis in OLP cells is similar to a viral infection such as human papillomavirus (HPV). So, the aim of this case‐control study was to investigate the association of high‐risk HPV with OLP.

Material and Methods

DNA was extracted from 25 formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) OLP tissues and 25 FFPE normal oral tissues as case and control groups, respectively. The presence of high‐risk HPV16 and HPV18 DNA was investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). p‐value<.05 was considered significant.

Results

Twelve samples (48%) of OLPs were positive for HPV16, compared with six samples (24%) of controls; although the difference was not significant, it was borderline (p = .07). Three samples (12%) of OLPs were positive for HPV18 compared with one sample (4%) of controls; the difference was not significant (p = .3). The total frequency of both high‐risk HPV were 14 samples (56%) of OLPs and 7 samples (28%) of controls; there was a significant association between the high‐risk HPV and OLP (p = .04). High‐risk HPVs was more prevalent in erosive‐atrophic (EA) form of OLP as compared to non‐EA form, although the difference was not significant (p = .13).

Conclusions

The results suggest a significant association between high‐risk HPVs and OLP.
Alleviative effects of α‐lipoic acid on muscle atrophy via the modulation of TNF‐α/JNK and PI3K/AKT pathways in high‐fat diet and streptozotocin‐induced type 2 diabetic rats
Authors: Ko Chih‐Yuan , Wu Chi‐Hao , Huang Wen‐Jian , Lo Yangming Martin , Lin Shih‐Xiang , Wu James Swi‐Bea , Huang Wen‐Chung , Shen Szu‐Chuan
Published: January 2023

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is often accompanied by clinical complications such as sarcopenia. Previous studies have indicated that oxidative stress and insulin resistance (IR) are highly associated with the pathogenesis of diabetic myopathy. α‐lipoic acid (ALA), a potent biological antioxidant, exists abundantly in a variety of plants and vegetables. This study aimed to investigate the ameliorative effect of ALA on muscle atrophy in type 2 diabetic rats induced by high‐fat diet feeding (HFD) plus streptozotocin (STZ) injection. The HFD/STZ‐induced diabetic rats were orally administered 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg body weight ALA once a day for 13 weeks. The results showed that ALA at the tested concentrations significantly increased the soleus muscle mass and muscle fibers in diabetic rats. Proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, were found to decrease in both the serum and muscle of ALA‐treated diabetic rats. ALA significantly reduced the protein‐expression levels of phosphorylated c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (pJNK)/JNK, forkhead box O3 (FOXO3), and muscle ring‐finger protein‐1 (Murf1); whereas, it enhanced the protein‐expression levels of phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K), phosphorylated protein kinase B (pAKT)/AKT, myogenin determination gene D (MyoD), the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), and myosin heavy chain (MyHC) in the soleus muscle of diabetic rats. The results from this study suggested that ALA treatment may preserve soleus muscle mass, alleviate muscle atrophy by suppressing the TNF‐α/JNK pathway, and ameliorate the PI3K/AKT pathway in HFD/STZ‐induced type 2 diabetic rats.
Basal‐like mammary carcinomas stimulate cancer stem cell properties through AXL‐signaling to induce chemotherapy resistance
Authors: Pantelaiou‐Prokaki Garyfallia , Reinhardt Oliver , Georges Nadine S. , Agorku David J. , Hardt Olaf , Prokakis Evangelos , Mieczkowska Iga K. , Deppert Wolfgang , Wegwitz Florian , Alves Frauke
Published: January 2023

Basal‐like breast cancer (BLBC) is the most aggressive and heterogeneous breast cancer (BC) subtype. Conventional chemotherapies represent next to surgery the most frequently employed treatment options. Unfortunately, resistant tumor phenotypes often develop, resulting in therapeutic failure. To identify the early events occurring upon the first drug application and initiating chemotherapy resistance in BLBC, we leveraged the WAP‐T syngeneic mammary carcinoma mouse model and we developed a strategy combining magnetic‐activated cell sorting (MACS)‐based tumor cell enrichment with high‐throughput transcriptome analyses. We discovered that chemotherapy induced a massive gene expression reprogramming toward stemness acquisition to tolerate and survive the cytotoxic treatment in vitro and in vivo. Retransplantation experiments revealed that one single cycle of cytotoxic drug combination therapy (Cyclophosphamide, Adriamycin and 5‐Fluorouracil) suffices to induce resistant tumor cell phenotypes in vivo. We identified Axl and its ligand Pros1 as highly induced genes driving cancer stem cell (CSC) properties upon chemotherapy in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, from our analysis of BLBC patient datasets, we found that AXL expression is also strongly correlated with CSC‐gene signatures, a poor response to conventional therapies and worse survival outcomes in those patients. Finally, we demonstrate that AXL inhibition sensitized BLBC‐cells to cytotoxic treatment in vitro. Together, our data support AXL as a promising therapeutic target to optimize the efficiency of conventional cytotoxic therapies in BLBC.
Age of the onset of menarche and its complications: a literature review
Authors: Rivas Paz Mariana , Torres Mendoza Blanca Miriam , Torres Castillo Nathaly
Published: January 2023

Background

The menarche plays an important role in a woman's life, as its onset may generate the development of certain pathologies in the future.

Objectives

To review the updated bibliography about risk factors related to the age of onset of menarche.

Search Strategy

A systematic search review of PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, EBSCO‐Host, Springer Link, and Clinical Key from November 2021 to May 2022.

Data Collection and Analysis

From each article a descriptive summary organized by first author, year of publication, type of article, characteristics of the study, and results was extracted. The results of the different articles were compared before using them in the current literature review.

Main Results

A total of 15 824 articles were collected, from which 33 articles were used following the inclusion and exclusion criteria. It was found that an early estrogen stimulus triggers a predisposing factor for pathologies such as insulin resistance, asthma and short stature. In contrast, a late estrogenic stimulus generates low bone mineral density.

Conclusions

The importance of menarche as a protective or triggering factor of pathologies helps us to implement preventive measures to avoid these future pathologies.
Association between maternal e‐cigarette use during pregnancy and low gestational weight gain
Authors: Wen Xiaozhong , Thomas Marjorie A. , Liu Lufeiya , Moe Aye A. , Duong Peter H. , Griffiths Malkijah E. , Munlyn Ambra L.
Published: January 2023

Objective

To evaluate the risk of low gestational weight gain (GWG) in women who use electronic cigarettes (e‐cigarettes), combustible cigarettes, or both e‐cigarettes and combustible cigarettes (dual use) during pregnancy.

Methods

We conducted a secondary analysis of the data from 176 882 singleton pregnancies in the 2016–2020 US Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS). Postpartum women self‐reported their use of e‐cigarettes and/or cigarettes during the last 3 months of pregnancy. Low GWG was defined as the total GWG less than 12.7 kg, less than 11.3 kg, less than 6.8 kg, and less than 5.0 kg (<28, <25, <15, and < 11 lb) for women with underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obesity, respectively. We used multivariable logistic regression to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) of low GWG, adjusting for confounders.

Results

In this national sample, 921 (weighted percentage, 0.5%) of women were e‐cigarette users and 1308 (0.7%) were dual users during late pregnancy. Compared with non‐users during late pregnancy (40 090, 22.1%), cigarette users (4499, 28.0%) and dual users (427, 26.0%) had a higher risk of low GWG, but e‐cigarette users had a similar risk (237, 22.1%). Adjustment for sociodemographic and pregnancy confounders moderately attenuated these associations: confounder‐adjusted ORs 1.26 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.18–1.35) for cigarette users, 1.18 (95% CI 0.96–1.44) for dual users, and 0.99 (95% CI 0.78–1.27) for e‐cigarette users.

Conclusions

Unlike combustible cigarette use, e‐cigarette use during late pregnancy does not appear to be a risk factor for low GWG.