bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling the transition of the multimodal pan-European energy system including an integrated analysis of electricity and gas transport
Authors: Yueksel-Erguen Inci , Most Dieter , Wyrwoll Lothar , Schmitt Carlo , Zittel Janina
Published: November 2023

Most recently, the European energy system has undergone a fundamental transformation to meet decarbonization targets without compromising the security of the energy supply. The transition involves several energy-generating and consuming sectors emphasizing sector coupling. The increase in the share of renewable energy sources has revealed the need for flexibility in supporting the electricity grid to cope with the resulting high degree of uncertainty. The new technologies accompanying the energy system transition and the recent political crisis in Europe threatening the security of the energy supply have invalidated the experience from the past by drastically changing the conventional scenarios. Hence, supporting strategic planning tools with detailed operational energy network models with appropriate mathematical precision has become more important than ever to understand the impacts of these disruptive changes. In this paper, we propose a workflow to investigate optimal energy transition pathways considering sector coupling. This workflow involves an integrated operational analysis of the electricity market, its transmission grid, and the gas grid in high spatio-temporal resolution. Thus, the workflow enables decision-makers to evaluate the reliability of high-level models even in case of disruptive events. We demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed workflow using results from a pan-European case study. The case study, spanning 2020–2050, illustrates that feasible potential pathways to carbon neutrality are heavily influenced by political and technological constraints. Through integrated operational analysis, we identify scenarios where strategic decisions become costly or infeasible given the existing electricity and gas networks.
Late Paleocene–Early Eocene larger foraminifera from the Galala Plateaus, North Eastern Desert, Egypt: biostratigraphic, paleoenvironmental and paleoecological implications
Authors: Abd-Elhameed Shahin , Mahmoud Abdel Aziz , Salama Yasser
Published: November 2023

Two stratigraphic sections are investigated, and a diverse larger benthic foraminiferal assemblage is recorded from the upper Paleocene–lower Eocene Southern Galala Formation at the Galala Plateaus, north Eastern Desert, Egypt. Twenty-eight larger foraminiferal species, belonging to thirteen genera, are identified and their comparative stratigraphic range with the Tethyan zonations of Hottinger (1960) and Serra-Kiel et al. (1998) is documented. Nine shallow benthic zones (SBZ3-6 and SBZ8-12) are designated in the studied interval, involving index zonal markers, e.g.,Glomalveolina primaeva(Reichel),G. levisHottinger,Nummulites atacicus(Leymerie),Alveolina vredenburgiDavies, andA. ellipsoidalisSchwager. Fifty-four thin sections are prepared and analyzed, yielding seven microfacies types in the present study, with larger benthic foraminifera as the dominant biotic components. These microfacies types indicate a deposition in restricted tidal flat inner ramp to open-marine middle ramp environments. The inner ramp environments are dominated by alveolinids, orbitolitids, and in part by miliolids and orthophragminids, reflecting euphotic to mesophotic, meso-oligotrophic, and normal to hyper salinity conditions. The middle ramp environment is characterized by nummulitids, implying meso-oligophotic, oligotrophic, and normal salinity conditions. The studied successions at the Galala Plateaus are devoid of corals in platform stages II and III, similar to the Pyrenean strata from middle latitudes at the northern Tethys, except for small coral patches in both stages in the latter due to the cooler temperature. The Early Eocene (Cuisian)Nummulitesaccumulations suggest a development on paleohighs in a distal inner ramp environment, and then a transportation by wave and current actions into the surrounding proximal middle ramp environment.
Conceptual design of a pilot assistance system for customised noise abatement departure procedures
Authors: Kurz Joscha , Blinstrub Jason
Published: November 2023

The departure of an aircraft is commonly the flight phase with the highest thrust level in a flight, which leads to considerable noise levels on the ground. The departure procedures are characterised by the thrust reduction altitude, the acceleration altitude, and the control of airspeed and aircraft configuration within each take-off segment. Thrust reduction and acceleration altitudes are typically constant and are not adjusted to particular operational key parameters (e.g., take-off mass, reduced take-off thrust) or weather conditions. However, the parameters differ between individual flights and affect flight performance as well as the noise levels on the ground. This paper presents the conceptual design of a pilot assistance system which aims to reduce the noise on the ground by identifying a custom thrust reduction and acceleration altitude for existing noise abatement departure procedures. The pilot assistance system is based on an aircraft simulation model and a noise simulation and is aimed to be utilised during pre-flight planning on ground. A key part of the noise evaluation is that the local population distribution around the airport is considered. An overview of the ongoing research at the German Aerospace Center is provided. The conceptual design and preliminary results are presented and discussed using an exemplary take-off for three wind conditions.
Diabetes technology and sexual health: which role?
Authors: Zamponi V. , Haxhi J. , Pugliese G. , Faggiano A. , Mazzilli R.
Published: November 2023

Purpose

The aim of this review is to evaluate the effects of new technology used in the management of diabetes mellitus (DM), including the use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and the administration of insulin through continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII), on male and female sexual function.

Methods

This narrative review was performed for all available prospective, retrospective and review articles, published up to June 2023 in PubMed. Data were extracted from the text and from the tables of the manuscript.

Results

Sexual dysfunctions are an underestimated comorbidity of DM in both male and female. Although erectile dysfunction (ED) is recognized by the guidelines as a complication of DM, female sexual dysfunction (FSD) is poorly investigated in clinical setting. In addition to the complications of DM, the different types of therapies can also influence male and female sexual response. Furthermore, insulin therapy can be administered through multiple-daily injections (MDI) or a CSII. The new technologies in the field of DM allow better glycemic control which results in a reduction in the occurrence or aggravation of complications of DM. Despite this evidence, few data are available on the impact of new technologies on sexual dysfunctions.

Conclusions

The use of DM technology might affect sexual function due to the risk of a worse body image, as well as discomfort related to CSII disconnection during sexual activity. However, the use is related to an improved metabolic control, which, in the long-term associates to a reduction in all diabetes complications, including sexual function.
Continuous glucose monitoring in people with diabetes and end-stage kidney disease—review of association studies and Evidence-Based discussion
Authors: Jakubowska Zuzanna , Malyszko Jolanta
Published: November 2023

Diabetic nephropathy is currently the leading cause of end-stage kidney disease. The present methods of assessing diabetes control, such as glycated hemoglobin or self-monitoring of blood glucose, have limitations. Over the past decade, the field of continuous glucose monitoring has been greatly improved and expanded. This review examines the use of continuous glucose monitoring in people with end-stage kidney disease treated with hemodialysis (HD), peritoneal dialysis (PD), or kidney transplantation. We assessed the use of both real-time continuous glucose monitoring and flash glucose monitoring technology in terms of hypoglycemia detection, glycemic variability, and efficacy, defined as an improvement in clinical outcomes and diabetes control. Overall, the use of continuous glucose monitoring in individuals with end-stage kidney disease may improve glycemic control and detection of hypoglycemia. However, most of the published studies were observational with no control group. Moreover, not all studies used the same assessment parameters. There are very few studies involving subjects on peritoneal dialysis. The small number of studies with limited numbers of participants, short follow-up period, and small number of manufacturers of continuous glucose monitoring systems are limitations of the review. More studies need to be performed to obtain more reliable results.

Graphical abstract
A relationship between tensile strength and mode I fracture toughness of rocks using the critical distance
Authors: Justo Jon , Miranda Marina , Castro Jorge
Published: November 2023

Correlations between material parameters are useful because they provide a first estimation of unknown parameters. Here, the correlation between the tensile strength and the mode I fracture toughness of rocks is studied. Some researchers have proposed empirical correlations based on a certain amount of empirical data and a fitting process. On the other hand, a few researchers have considered that the proportionality coefficient could be related to a rock property with units of length. Here, a linear relationship without an intercept at the origin between the tensile strength and the mode I fracture toughness of rocks is theoretically confirmed using the theory of critical distances (TCD). A comprehensive experimental database is presented and comparisons with this data from the literature (including tests at different temperatures) confirm the linear relationship and values of the critical distance of several millimeters (e.g., 3–15 mm). However, the scatter is large because there are different sources of uncertainty in the correlation, such as the testing method. Finally, the physical meaning of the critical distance is explored and its linear correlation with the grain size using the experimental database.
Gegenwartslyrik um 2020
Authors: Jäger Maren , Ullmaier Johannes
Published: November 2023

Anhand von vier Szenarien skizziert der Beitrag divergente Gegenwarten in der jüngsten Lyrik: 1) Medien-Parallelgesellschaften: am Streit um den Huchel-Preis für Judith Zander, 2) Epochen-Ungleichzeitigkeit: an der ›Fassadendebatte‹, 3) Internationale Interferenzen: am Beispiel Parlamentspoesie; und 4) den Abyssus akuter Zeitenwenden-Diagnostik: an Yevgeniy Breygers Frieden ohne Krieg.
Pseudo-rapidity distributions of charged particles in asymmetric collisions using Tsallis thermodynamics
Authors: Tao Jun-Qi , He Hong-Bin , Zheng Hua , Zhang Wen-Chao , Liu Xing-Quan , Zhu Li-Lin , Bonasera Aldo
Published: November 2023

The pseudo-rapidity distributions of the charged particles produced in the asymmetric collision systems p+Al, p+Au and $$^3$$

3

He+Au at $$\sqrt{s_\text {NN}} = 200$$

s
NN

=
200

GeV are evaluated in the framework of a fireball model with Tsallis thermodynamics. The fireball model assumes that the experimentally measured particles are produced by fireballs following the Tsallis distribution and it can effectively describe the experimental data. Our results as well as previous results for d+Au collisions at $$\sqrt{s_\text {NN}} = 200$$

s
NN

=
200

GeV and p+Pb collisions at $$\sqrt{s_\text {NN}} = 5.02$$

s
NN

=
5.02

TeV validate that the fireball model based on Tsallis thermodynamics can provide a universal framework for pseudo-rapidity distribution of the charged particles produced in asymmetric collision systems. We predict the centrality dependence of the total charged particle multiplicity in the p+Al, p+Au and $$^3$$

3

He+Au collisions. Additionally, the dependences of the fireball model parameters ($$y_{0a}$$

y

0
a

, $$y_{0A}$$

y

0
A

, $$\sigma _{a}$$

σ
a

and $$\sigma _{A}$$

σ
A

) on the centrality and system size are studied.
Occurrence and characterization of Pectobacterium brasiliense causing soft rot on Zamioculcas zamiifolia plants in Greece
Authors: Pagoulatou Marianthi G. , Mpalantinaki Evaggelia , Malliarakis Dimitris , Goumas Dimitrios E.
Published: November 2023

The soft rot inducing bacterium Pectobacterium brasiliense is considered one of the most virulent species among the Pectobacteriaceae. P. brasiliense affects a wide range of economically important crops and causes serious damages. In 2019 a bacterial disease was confirmed on Zamioculcas zamiifolia plants derived from commercial ornamental plant nurseries on the island of Crete in Greece. Pectobacterium brasiliense was isolated and subsequently identified morphologically, biochemically, physiologically and molecularly based on PCR with the specific primers BR1f/L1R and multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA). The pathogenicity of the isolates was confirmed using artificial inoculations on ZZ plants with subsequent re-isolation and re-identification. To our knowledge this is the first record of Pectobacterium brasiliense causing soft rot on Zamioculcas zamiifolia plants in Greece and worldwide.
Ishige okamurae Extract: Diphlorethohydroxycarmalol with Effect of Atopic Dermatitis-Like Skin Inflammation
Authors: Bak Seon Gyeong , Lim Hyung Jin , Park Eun Jae , Won Yeong-Seon , Lee Seung Woong , Ryu Bomi , Ha Hyun Joo , Cheong Sun-Hee , Lee Seung Jae
Published: November 2023

Ishigeokamurae Yendo 1907, Fucaceae, a brown alga, has garnered attention for its antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-edema properties. While numerous studies have explored the effects of a 95% ethanol extract of I. okamurae, limited research has been conducted on its 70% ethanol extract. This study focuses on diphlorethohydroxycarmalol, a bioactive compound identified in the 70% ethanol extract of I. okamurae. Diphlorethohydroxycarmalol has garnered significant interest due to its potential health benefits, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and anticancer properties. We investigate the impact of the 70% ethanol extract of I. okamurae and diphlorethohydroxycarmalol on atopic dermatitis using human keratinocyte cell lines (HaCaT) and atopic dermatitis mouse models induced by dinitrochlorobenzene and house dust mite. Treatment with extract of I. okamurae effectively reduced dinitrochlorobenzene/house dust mite -induced ear edema, ear thickness, mast cell infiltration, as well as levels of immunoglobulin (Ig) E, IgG1, IgG2a, cytokines, and chemokines in atopic dermatitis mice. In HaCaT cells, extract of I. okamurae also suppressed TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced cytokine and chemokine production. To further understand the anti-atopic and anti-inflammatory properties of extract of I. okamurae, we evaluated the effects of diphlorethohydroxycarmalol on atopic dermatitis mice and HaCaT cells. In atopic dermatitis mice, diphlorethohydroxycarmalol demonstrated the ability to reduce the inflammatory response induced by TNF-α/IFN-γ. These findings highlight the potential of extract of I. okamurae as an anti-inflammatory agent for inflammatory skin disorders and suggest that diphlorethohydroxycarmalol may represent a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases.

Graphical Abstract
Designing value-sensitive AI: a critical review and recommendations for socio-technical design processes
Authors: Sadek Malak , Calvo Rafael A. , Mougenot Céline
Published: November 2023

This paper presents a critical review of how different socio-technical design processes for AI-based systems, from scholarly works and industry, support the creation of value-sensitive AI (VSAI). The review contributes to the emerging field of human-centred AI, and the even more embryonic space of VSAI in four ways: (i) it introduces three criteria for the review of VSAI based on their contribution to design processes’ overall value-sensitivity, and as a response to criticisms that current interventions are lacking in these aspects: comprehensiveness, level of guidance offered, and methodological value-sensitivity, (ii) it provides a novel review of socio-technical design processes for AI-based systems, (iii) it assesses each process based on the mentioned criteria and synthesises the results into broader trends, and (iv) it offers a resulting set of recommendations for the design of VSAI. The objective of the paper is to help creators and followers of design processes—whether scholarly or industry-based—to understand the level of value-sensitivity offered by different socio-technical design processes and act accordingly based on their needs: to adopt or adapt existing processes or to create new ones.
Life and death: the destiny of Phytophthora sojae determined by a receptor-like kinase
Authors: Wang He , Wang Wen-Ming , Fan Jing
Published: November 2023

Leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases (LRR-RLKs) are well known to act in plant growth, development, and defense responses. Plant LRR-RLKs locate on cell surface to sense and initiate responsive signals to a variety of extracellular stimuli, such as microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) released from microorganisms. LRR-RLKs are also present in microbes and function in microbial growth and development, but their roles in communicating with hosts are largely unknown. A recent study published in Nature Communications uncovered that a microbial LRR-RLK, PsRLK6, is required for oospore development in the sexual reproduction of Phytophthora sojae, an oomycete pathogen that causes root and stem rot in soybean. Meanwhile, PsRLK6 is recognized as a novel type of MAMP by an unknown plant LRR receptor-like protein and triggers immune responses in soybean, tomato, and Nicotiana benthamiana. The findings reveal dual roles of a pathogen LRR-RLK in determining both life through sexual reproduction and death through triggering plant immunity.
Influence of bagasse ash on the compressive strength of lime reconstituted expansive soil by Advanced Machine Learning (AML) for sustainable subgrade and liner construction applications
Authors: Onyelowe Kennedy C. , Ebid Ahmed M. , Hanandeh Shadi , Reddy Narala Gangadhara
Published: November 2023

The utilization of expansive soils for the construction of landfill liners and subgrade facilities without stabilization leads to volume changes due to seasonal change between wet and dry. This necessitated the industrial- and agro-industrial-based waste materials reconstitution of expansive soils to fulfil sustainability requirements for the builtenvironment. In this research paper, multiple datasets were collected from mixes of bagasse ash (BA) and lime (Lm) blend reconstituted expensive soil and deployed in the training and validation interface of advanced machine learning (AML) techniques to predict the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of the treated soil for their usein landfill liner and subgrade application. The relative importance values for each input parameter were evaluated, such as compaction parameters (MDD and OMC), plastic limit (PL), LL, Lm, and BA. The results of all developed models were observed and collected. The relations between calculated and predicted values show that the GP produced a parametric line of fit expression of y = 0.999 × with performance indices as MAE 14.80 kPa, MSE 400.7 kPa, RMSE 20.00 kPa, and R2 of 0.950, EPR produced a parametric line of fit expression of y = 0.992 × with performance indices as MAE 11.6 kPa, MSE 270.9 kPa, RMSE 16.50 kPa, and R2 of 0.963, and ANN produced a parametric line of fit expression of y = 0.997 × with performance indices as MAE 4.26 kPa, MSE 30.8 kPa, RMSE 5.55 kPa, and R2 of 0.996. The results show that the ANN outperforms the GP and the EPR having produced the least error values, the highest coefficient of determination (R2) and zero outliers beyond the ± 25% performance fit envelop and can be concluded that BA has a remarkable influence in the stabilization of expansive soils and its utilization.
The role of generative artificial intelligence (GAI) in customer personalisation (CP) development in SMEs: a theoretical framework and research propositions
Authors: Abrokwah-Larbi Kwabena
Published: November 2023

Based on the dynamic capabilities (DC) theory, the aim of this study is to investigate the contribution of generative artificial intelligence (GAI) to the development of customer personalisation (CP) within business organisations, particularly SMEs. This paper also explores how the function of GAI in the development of CP is supported by technological advancements like deep learning (DL), smart data (SD), and the Internet of Things (IoT). Using a theoretical framework based on DC theory and an analysis of the literature on GAI, DL, SD, IoT, and CP, the relationship between GAI and CP is theoretically studied. The dependent variable in this theoretical framework is CP, and the independent variable is GAI. Furthermore, while DL and SD just mediate the connection between GAI and CP, IoT moderates the relationship between GAI and SD. Figure 1 presents the theoretical framework and research propositions. On the basis of the constructs in this study, research propositions were developed and discussed. Eight significant research propositions on the relationship between GAI and CP development were developed using the theoretical framework used in this study. According to the suggested theoretical framework and research propositions, context-oriented CP can be created by GAI using DL and SD in conjunction with IoT when high-level customer attributes are retrieved in a structured, accurate, and real-time manner. Additionally, it results in important marketing outcomes including interactive marketing, value co-creation, and consumer loyalty. This study develops a theoretical framework and research propositions that theorise the relationship between GAI and CP which is rooted in literature and also based on DC perspective. The mediating roles of DL and SD on the relationship between GAI and CP, and the moderating role of IoT on the relationship between GAI and SD, provide support to GAI in the development of CP. This study also provides insight into SMEs’ adoption of GAI to generate context-oriented CP that may impact on their marketing development in areas such as interactive marketing, value co-creation, better targeting and customer loyalty.
Neurofilament light as a predictor of long- and short-term outcomes in critically ill children
Authors: Ray Samiran , Heslegrave Amanda , Jones Gareth , Feinstein Yael , Wray Jo , Zetterberg Henrik , Peters Mark J. , Ramnarayan Padmanabhan
Published: November 2023

Purpose

Plasma neurofilament light (NFL) is a marker of neuronal injury, associated with poor neurological outcomes in adults and neonates in a wide range of diseases. We sought to describe the associations between NFL at admission (NFLadm) and outcomes in a heterogenous cohort of critically ill children needing unplanned admission to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU).

Materials and methods

We analysed prospectively collected biobank samples from critically-ill children with unplanned admissions to PICU. Samples were selected for survivors who had a 12-month follow-up with parent-completed Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) scores as the primary outcome of interest.

Results

Data from 52 children were analysed. The median NFL was 17.0 pg/ml (IQR 5.8–28.1). There were no significant associations between NFLadm levels and PedsQL (NFLadm-adjusted odds ratio 0.99, 95% CI 0.97, 1.02) at 12 months. NFL showed associations with outcomes at PICU discharge, such as change in functional status and need for organ support but interpretation is limited by sample size.

Conclusions

Admission NFL values were not associated with 12-month quality of life outcomes in a heterogenous cohort of children admitted to PICU.
Firm-level uncertainty and monetary policy transmission: analysis based on investment behavior and annual report text
Authors: Chen Liangyuan , Huang Xinfei , Liu Chuanyu
Published: November 2023

The loose monetary policy has not translated into actual credit increments, and the real investment rate has declined. This paper extracts the level of policy uncertainty perception from enterprise management analysis and discussion based on text analysis methods to identify the investment intention of enterprises. It is found that enterprise uncertainty perception can weaken corporate investment intention, thus hindering the promotion of loose monetary policy on investment. On the one hand, this paper verifies that uncertainty perception can weaken the effectiveness of monetary policy implementation at the micro level of enterprises; On the other hand, this paper finds that merely being based on the financing constraint theory may not be able to explain the capital investment behavior of Chinese companies. It also requires examining the investment intentions of enterprises themselves, enriching the research conclusions of enterprise investment theory.
Advancements in sensors and actuators technologies for smart cities: a comprehensive review
Authors: Arshi Oroos , Mondal Surajit
Published: November 2023

The creation of smart cities has benefited greatly from the quick advancement of sensor and actuator technology. The basis of data-driven urban environments is supported by these technologies, which seamlessly connect with the Internet of Things (IoT). This in-depth review paper explores the crucial part that sensors and actuators play in the development of smart cities, covering important topics such as technological kinds, data security, regulatory frameworks, and future possibilities. The review begins by explaining the importance of sensors and actuators in the Internet of Things (IoT) connections that serve as the framework for smart cities. Additionally, it sheds light on the wide range of sensors designed for different IoT applications as well as the variables affecting their service life, highlighting how crucial precision and durability are. Actuators are examined in detail to clarify how it might be used to create smarter cities. Actuators are the dynamic counterparts of sensors. This review discusses data security in big data exchange among actuators, legal foundations for smart city development, and key elements for creating a smart city. It highlights the benefits of advanced actuator technology and sensor integration, and emerging trends like AI-driven urban management and blockchain-enhanced data security. The paper serves as a guide for researchers, policymakers, and urban planners. The graphical abstract below illustrates the multifaceted advancements in sensor and actuator technologies, showcasing their pivotal role in shaping smarter, more sustainable cities.

Graphical Abstract
Violent Experiences Suffered by Pre-Hospital Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Yilmaz Sarper , Çoban Gizem Sebahat , Çolak Figen Ünal , Hökenek Nihat Müjdat , Ak Rohat
Published: November 2023

Objective:

This work was carried out to determine the causes of violence against Prehospital Emergency Medical Services Personnel (PHEMSP) who performed their duties without any special security measures during the COVID-19 pandemic, and who were subjected to violence because of their work.

Method:

The approach of this research is in accordance with case study design, which is concerned with the examination of unique cases. For this study, a volunteer announcement was made on social media for PHEMSPs from 3 different branches (Emergency Medical Technicians or EMTs, paramedics, and doctors) who had been actively working in ambulances during the transportation of COVID-19 patients throughout the pandemic, and who had declared that they were subjected to verbal abuse or physical violence. The data was collected through structured interviews from 60 voluntary participants.

Results:

As a result of the analysis of the data, 3 main themes were revealed as the source of violence that PHEMSPs had been exposed to during the pandemic. They are the following: (1) violence caused by the nature of the disease, (2) violence caused by society, and (3) violence caused by working areas and systems. The reasons which created these themes, were accepted as codes. The codes that arose due to the theme of (1) violence caused by the nature of the disease were ‘the fear of contagion,’ ‘the requirement for disinfection,’ and ‘triage problems,’ which caused both verbal abuse and physical violence. In addition to these codes, the code of ‘stigma’ due to protective equipment was found only to elicit verbal abuse. The codes for the theme (2) ‘violence caused by society,’ were determined as societal perceptions regarding high wages, attempts to misuse health services, and distrust. All 3 of these codes were found to evoke both verbal abuse and physical violence. The codes for the theme (3) ‘violence caused by working areas and systems,’ included team mismatch in PHEMSPs, resignation ban, and long working hours, as well as mismatch between in-hospital HCWs and PHEMSPs, mobbing, feeling unsupported, and gender disadvantage. It has been revealed among these codes that only the team mismatch in PHEMSPs caused both verbal abuse and physical violence, while all the others only lead to verbal abuse.

Conclusion:

If a 0 tolerance for ‘violence in the healthcare system’ is to be targeted, it should start in the pre-hospital phase and with all PHEMSPs, since this is the 0 point where the healthcare system, and patients first meet. Additionally, this group should be considered a vulnerable group for workplace violence (WPV), especially due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
The role of the in-plane solidity on canopy flows
Authors: Nicholas Shane , Monti Alessandro , Omidyeganeh Mohammad , Pinelli Alfredo
Published: November 2023

Turbulent open channel flows developing above submerged canopies made of slender cylinders mounted perpendicular to the channel bed are known to be largely governed by the solidity parameter$\lambda =dh/\Delta S^2$($d$and$h$being the diameter and height of the filament, and$\Delta S$the average spacing between filaments). When the filaments are sufficiently slender, the ratio between the height of the stems and the spacing sets the hydrodynamic regime developing inside and outside the canopy. This ratio also establishes the conditions leading to the transition from a dense to a sparse canopy flow regime (Nepf,Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech., vol. 44, 2012, pp. 123–142). In a previous, companion numerical investigation, Montiet al.(J. Fluid Mech., vol. 891, 2020, A9) used large eddy simulation (LES) to study the influence of the canopy height on the onset of the different regimes without modifying the average spacing$\Delta S$between the stems. In that LES study, we were looking at the complementary situation in which the height of the stems is constant while the filaments’ number density of the canopy is changed. It was found that for low values of$\lambda$(i.e. sparse or moderately dense canopies:$\lambda \lessapprox 0.26$), the flows sharing the value of the solidity obtained by either varying$h$or$\Delta S$are very similar. Differently, for higher values of$\lambda$(i.e. in denser canopies), the effects of$h$and$\Delta S$start to diverge although sharing the same nominal value of$\lambda$. In this paper, we analyse the different physical mechanisms that come into play for dense configurations obtained by varying either$\Delta S$or$h$. In particular, we focus on the most relevant length scales and carry out a detailed analysis of the flows using a triple decomposition approach. We show that the inner region of dense canopy flows, characterised by tall stems, is dominated by wall-normal sweeps delivering high momentum in the wall vicinity. Here, the impenetrability condition of the bed redistributes the available momentum in the wall-parallel directions re-energising an otherwise stagnating flow. Differently, in densely packed canopies, the penetration of the outer jet and the momentum transfer from the external flow are limited by the decreasing value of the wall-parallel permeabilities leading to different behaviours, including a reduction of the total drag offered by the canopy.
Today, tomorrow, and then forever: Exploring how workflow experience is sustained from a work–home perspective
Authors: Feng Xingyu , Han Ping
Published: November 2023

This study explores how employees’ flow experience at work emerges, is sustained, and continuously grows over time. Based on the job demand-resource model, we propose the intraday upward spiral of flow: Challenging demands and job resources activate employees’ flow experience, further encouraging them to seek more challenges and resources. Furthermore, drawing on the perseverative cognition theory and spill-crossover model, we propose the inter-day upward spiral of flow: The antecedents (or consequences) of flow can overflow from work to the family domain and result in employees’ positive rumination, thus promoting the next-day flow experience. Our diary study generated 1,208 data points from 142 employees over 10 working days. We found that in the morning, challenging demands and job resources positively affected the participants’ flow, further encouraging them to pursue more challenging demands and job resources in the afternoon and thus enter this state again. Moreover, the afternoon’s challenging demands and job resources promoted the respondents’ problem-solving pondering at night, which further increased their next-morning challenging demands, job resources, and, thus, their flow. Through this study, we expand the emerging literature on positive organizational behavior and provide information for practitioners on how to build and sustain employees’ peak states.
ON THE PROMISES AND PERILS OF SMITHIAN GROWTH: FROM PIN FACTORY TO AI
Authors: Miller Marcus
Published: November 2023

For path-breaking insights on how prices can guide the efficient allocation of resources and how innovation and investment can spur economic growth, Adam Smith is justly renowned. He was, however, well aware of problems posed by market dominance—specifically in banking and, more generally, wherever getting to the scale that delivers increasing returns leads to monopolistic behaviour. For the historical record, we draw on the recent wide-ranging survey by Acemoglu and Johnson on how the benefits of innovation have been spread across society since the Industrial Revolution. We also consider these issues in the context of geo-political competition.
Long-term diagnostic stability, predictors of diagnostic change, and time until diagnostic change of first-episode psychosis: a 21-year follow-up study
Authors: Peralta David , Janda Lucía , García de Jalón Elena , Moreno-Izco Lucía , Sánchez-Torres Ana M. , Cuesta Manuel J. , Peralta Victor ,   SEGPEPs Group
Published: November 2023

Background

Although diagnostic instability in first-episode psychosis (FEP) is of major concern, little is known about its determinants. This very long-term follow-up study aimed to examine the diagnostic stability of FEP diagnoses, the baseline predictors of diagnostic change and the timing of diagnostic change.

Methods

This was a longitudinal and naturalistic study of 243 subjects with FEP who were assessed at baseline and reassessed after a mean follow-up of 21 years. The diagnostic stability of DSM-5 psychotic disorders was examined using prospective and retrospective consistencies, logistic regression was used to establish the predictors of diagnostic change, and survival analysis was used to compare time to diagnostic change across diagnostic categories.

Results

The overall diagnostic stability was 47.7%. Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder were the most stable diagnoses, with other categories having low stability. Predictors of diagnostic change to schizophrenia included a family history of schizophrenia, obstetric complications, developmental delay, poor premorbid functioning in several domains, long duration of untreated continuous psychosis, spontaneous dyskinesia, lack of psychosocial stressors, longer duration of index admission, and poor early treatment response. Most of these variables also predicted diagnostic change to bipolar disorder but in the opposite direction and with lesser effect sizes. There were no significant differences between specific diagnoses regarding time to diagnostic change. At 10-year follow-up, around 80% of the diagnoses had changed.

Conclusions

FEP diagnoses other than schizophrenia or bipolar disorder should be considered as provisional. Considering baseline predictors of diagnostic change may help to enhance diagnostic accuracy and guide therapeutic interventions.
Component Assessment of the Electric Transmission Grid to Hurricanes
Authors: Schumann Zachary D. , Chini Christopher M.
Published: November 2023

The increased frequency and intensity of extreme weather events from climate change necessitates understanding impacts on critical infrastructure, particularly electrical transmission grids. One of the foundational concepts of a grid's resilience is its robustness to extreme weather events, such as hurricanes. Resilience of the electric grid to high wind speeds is predicated upon the location and physical characteristics of the system components. Previous modeling assessments of electric grid failure were done at the systems level with assumptions on location and type of specific components. To facilitate more explicit adaptation metrics, accurate component‐level information is needed. In this study, we build and utilize a data set of location, physical characteristics, and age of transmission structures for nine counties in the Florida Panhandle. These component characteristics were then simulated for failure under a variety of scenarios using fragility curves. Eight hurricanes were modeled using Hazus from the Federal Emergency Management Administration and the resulting impact to the network was assessed. The network was generated using the transmission lines and towers, showing increasing impacts to network efficiency with larger storms. Although modern transmission structures are built under the more stringent extreme wind loading construction standards, the prevalence of older, wooden transmission structures throughout the region poses a substantial risk to reliable electricity transmission during tropical cyclone events from the Gulf of Mexico.
Evaluation of Dynamically Downscaled CMIP6‐CCAM Models Over Australia
Authors: Chapman Sarah , Syktus Jozef , Trancoso Ralph , Thatcher Marcus , Toombs Nathan , Wong Kenneth Koon‐Ho , Takbash Alicia
Published: November 2023

High‐resolution climate change projections are increasingly necessary to inform climate policy and adaptation planning. Downscaling of global climate models (GCMs) is required to simulate the climate at the spatial scale relevant for local impacts. Here, we dynamically downscaled 15 CMIP6 GCMs to a 10 km resolution over Australia using the Conformal Cubic Atmospheric model (CCAM), creating the largest ensemble of high‐resolution downscaled CMIP6 projections for Australia. We compared the host CMIP6 models and downscaled simulations to the Australian Gridded Climate Data (AGCD) observational data and evaluated performance using the Kling‐Gupta efficiency and Perkins skill score. Downscaling improved performance over host GCMs for seasonal temperature and precipitation (10% and 43% respectively), and for annual cycles of temperature and precipitation (6% and 13% respectively). Downscaling also improved the fraction of dry days, reducing the bias for too many low‐rain days. The largest improvements were found in climate extremes, with enhancements to extreme minimum temperatures in all seasons varying from 142% to 201%, and to extreme precipitation of 52% in Austral winter and 47% in summer. The ensemble average integrated skill score improved by 16%. Temperature and precipitation biases were reduced in mountainous and coastal areas. CCAM downscaling outperformed host CMIP6 GCMs at multiple spatial scales and regions—continental Australia, Australian IPCC regions and Queensland's regions—with integrated added value ranging from 9% to 150% and higher over densely populated regions more exposed to climate impacts. This data set will be a valuable resource for understanding future climate changes in Australia.
Uplift Dynamics of the Obducted Northeastern Continental Margin of the Arabian Peninsula, Sultanate of Oman
Authors: Pavlopoulos Kosmas , Moraetis Daniel , Foumelis Michael , Scharf Andreas , Mattern Frank , Forman Steven , Papageorgiou Elena , de Gelder Gino
Published: November 2023

Eustatic sea level changes and vertical tectonic movements are producing uplifted paleoshorelines. Along subduction zones, uplifted terraces are used to study fault activities and, overall, allow to interpret the tectonic history of plate convergence. Northeastern Oman is experiencing plate convergence following the late Cretaceous obduction of the Semail Ophiolite. Post‐obduction shallow‐marine carbonates have been uplifted to different elevations from 133 to >2,000 m. The present study employs a multidisciplinary approach to elucidate the variability in relief and to introduce a geodynamic model that extends beyond the temporal constraints imposed by the late Quaternary age of the sediments found on the uplifted terraces. Stratigraphic and fault analyses produced a post‐obductional geodynamic model to advance the existing regional models in the framework of the subduction of the Arabian Plate in the Makran Zone. In addition, we rely on imaging geodesy, geomorphology and dating to explain the late Quaternary uplift scenario. Overall, analyses of geomorphology, stratigraphy, and fault patterns reveal spatially heterogeneous post‐late Cretaceous uplift in the region. Compartmentalization by major faults created individual blocks and relief variability. Within the timeframe of marine terrace formation (late Quaternary), we also observed spatially varied displacements. Ground displacements by Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar document an ongoing spatial heterogenous uplift at approximately 1.3 mm/a. Finally, temporal variability was evident during the late Quaternary by unusually high late Pleistocene (<40 ka) uplift rates averaging ≥2 mm/a in younger terraces, while for older terraces (>40 ka) the uplift rate is distinctly lower (<1 mm/a).
Retrieving Precipitable Water Vapor Over Land From Satellite Passive Microwave Radiometer Measurements Using Automated Machine Learning
Authors: Xia Xinran , Fu Disong , Shao Wei , Jiang Rubin , Wu Shengli , Zhang Peng , Yang Dazhi , Xia Xiangao
Published: November 2023

Accurately retrieving precipitable water vapor (PWV) over wide‐area land surface remains challenging. Unlike passive infrared remote sensing, passive microwave (PMW) remote sensing provides almost all‐weather PWV retrievals. This study develops a PMW‐based land PWV retrieval algorithm using automated Machine learning (ML) (AutoML). Data from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 serve as the main predictor variables and high‐quality Global Positioning System (GPS) PWV data as the target variable. Unprecedentedly large GPS training samples (over 50 million) from more than 12,000 stations worldwide are used to train the AutoML model. New predictors with clear physical mechanisms enable PWV retrieval over almost any land surface type, including snow cover and near open water. Validation shows good agreement between PWV retrievals and ground observations, with a root mean square error of 3.1 mm. This encouraging outcome highlights the potential of the algorithm for application with other PMW radiometers with similar wavelengths.
A New Event‐Based Error Decomposition Scheme for Satellite Precipitation Products
Authors: Li Runze , Guilloteau Clement , Kirstetter Pierre‐Emmanuel , Foufoula‐Georgiou Efi
Published: November 2023

Understanding the nature and origin of errors in satellite precipitation products is important for applications and product improvement. Here we propose a new error decomposition scheme incorporating precipitation event (continuous rainy periods) information to characterize satellite errors. Under this framework, the errors are attributed to the inaccuracies in event occurrence, timing (event start/end time), and intensity. The Integrated MultisatellitE Retrieval for Global Precipitation Measurement (IMERG) is used as our test product to apply the method over CONUS. The above‐listed factors contribute approximately 30%, 20%, and 50% to the total bias, respectively. Significant asymmetry exists in the temporal distribution of biases throughout events: early event endings cause threefold more precipitation amount bias than late event beginnings, while early event beginnings cause fourfold more bias than late event endings. Dominant contributors vary across seasons and regions. The proposed error decomposition provides insight into sources of error for improved retrievals.
Robust Susceptibility of Cloud Cover and Radiative Effects to Biases in Retrieved Droplet Concentrations
Authors: Wang Yichuan , Zhu Yannian , Wang Minghuai , Cao Yang , Rosenfeld Daniel
Published: November 2023

The quantification of cloud droplet number concentration (Nd) is essential in gaining insights into the aerosol‐cloud interactions (ACI), contributing to the most significant source of anthropogenic climate forcing uncertainty. This study compared the retrieved Nd from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) at pixel and scene levels and analyzed the changes in the susceptibility of cloud albedo (CA), cloud fraction (CF), and cloud radiative effect (CRE) to Nd. The results show that the differences between the pixel‐level cloud products from VIIRS and MODIS are caused by a combination of factors including cloud detectability, spatial resolution, and wavelengths of channels. As cloud top inhomogeneity increases, the differences become more significant. This deviation finally results in VIIRS achieving a global average of 40% higher Nd than MODIS. Although the non‐systematic differences cause an inevitable variability in the dependence of CA, CF, and CRE on Nd, the strong susceptibilities of these cloud properties to Nd are similar for both VIIRS and MODIS. This study found minimal impact on the susceptibilities, whether using the average Nd or that of the top 10% reflective clouds. This study further supports the conclusion that cloud cover and radiative effect are highly susceptible to variations in Nd, which can reduce uncertainty when evaluating the cooling effect of ACI in the context of global warming.