bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Review of Different Ideas Concerning the Characteristics of a Good Leader and Shaping New Ideas of an Effective 21st Century Leader
Authors: Em Sereyrath
Published: February 2023

The current study aims to define a good leader in general, not for any specific companies, schools, offices, or organizations. The author has read and consulted various documents, significantly articles published in reputable outlets, to boost related ideas vis-à-vis good leaders from different walks of life. After reading, reviewing, and taking notes, the author focused on different leadership types and the characteristics of good leaders. As a result, a good leader is defined, and suggestions are provided to consider for those who want to become good leaders using just easy ways and simple techniques. In the 21st century, a good leader is someone well-educated and always looks at the past, uses the past as experience, leads what is in the present, and predicts the future so that he can get everything ready and he could solve unforeseen problems. Finally, a comprehensive assessment or investigation could still be made into what makes a sound or effective leader in the 21st century. It is also important to analyze or conduct a comparison of an efficient manager and a good leader. Generally, it is essential to consider how to successfully lead an organization by combining the qualities of a skilled manager and an effective leader.
Deschideți / Creați o imagine în Adobe Photoshop
Authors:   MultiMedia SRL, Sfetcu Nicolae
Published: January 2023

Odată ce ați deschis Adobe Photoshop, puteți începe să editați imediat. Urmați instrucțiunile din acest articol pentru a deschide sau crea un fișier Photoshop (.psd) sau o imagine existentă sau nouă.
Supremația tehnologiilor IT&C
Authors:   MultiMedia SRL, Sfetcu Nicolae
Published: January 2023

În ultimii 60 de ani puterea de calcul a crescut exploziv, în special datorită cercetărilor spațiale, militare și industriale, și forțați fiind de recenta pandemie de COVID-19 și de conflictele geopolitice. Caracteristicile specifice viitorului apropiat vor fi putere de calcul mult sporită, dispozitive mai inteligente, dataficarea tuturor aspectelor vieții noastre, încrederea sporită în tehnologiile digitale, automatizarea sporită a proceselor industriale. Domeniile cele mai vizate sunt Internetul lucrurilor, realitatea virtuală, realitatea augmentată și inteligența artificială. Tendințele IT în afaceri, militare și geopolitică, vor remodela viitorul nostru în plan social. Există tehnologii care nu sunt încă în stadiul lor stabil și matur, inclusiv rețele 5G, blockchain, realitate virtuală, etc. dar cărora analiștii le întrevăd un mare potențial.
Ciclul de viață al inteligenței artificiale
Authors:   MultiMedia SRL, Sfetcu Nicolae
Published: January 2023

Ciclul de viață al unui sistem al inteligenței artificiale include mai multe faze interdependente, de la proiectarea și dezvoltarea acestuia (inclusiv subfaze precum analiza cerințelor, colectarea datelor, instruire, testare, integrare), instalare, implementare, operare, întreținere și eliminare. Având în vedere complexitatea sistemelor inteligenței artificiale (și în general cele de informații), se pot defini mai multe modele și metodologii pentru a gestiona această complexitate, în special în fazele de proiectare și dezvoltare, cum ar fi dezvoltare de software agilă, cascadă sau spirală, prototipare rapidă și incrementală. Ciclul de viață al inteligenței artificiale definește fazele pe care ar trebui să le urmeze o organizație pentru a profita de tehnicile inteligenței artificiale și în special de modelele de învățare automată pentru a obține valoare practică de afaceri.
Securitatea informațiilor în lucrul cu megadate pe Internet
Authors:   MultiMedia SRL, Sfetcu Nicolae
Published: January 2023

Securitatea megadatelor (big data) presupune aderarea la conceptele de comportament etic corect și greșit în ceea ce privește datele, în special datele cu caracter personal. Etica big data pune accentul pe colectorii și diseminatorii de date structurate sau nestructurate. Securitatea și confidențialitatea informațiilor este susținută, la nivelul UE, de o amplă documentație, prin care se încearcă să se găsească soluții concrete pentru maximizarea valorii informațiilor fără a sacrifica drepturile fundamentale ale omului. Autoritatea Europeană pentru Protecția Datelor (AEPD) sprijină dreptul la viață privată și dreptul la protecția datelor cu caracter personal în respectul demnității umane.
Analitica rețelelor sociale
Authors:   MultiMedia SRL, Sfetcu Nicolae
Published: January 2023

Pe măsură ce canalele de socializare se îndreaptă de la viața personală la cea profesională și pătrund în rutinele corporative de zi cu zi și în fluxurile de lucru ale afacerilor, organizațiile se confruntă cu nevoia de a formula și implementa tehnici de măsurare care să le ajute să obțină informații din interacțiunile social media și să evalueze succesul propriilor lor inițiative de socializare. Analitica rețelelor sociale (analitica social media) este un domeniu nou și emergent, pregătit pentru a permite companiilor să își îmbunătățească inițiativele de gestionare a performanței în diferite funcții de afaceri. Indiferent dacă este vorba de măsurarea eficienței campaniilor promoționale, colectarea de informații despre nevoile și preferințele clienților, discernerea percepțiilor mărcii, obținerea de feedback cu privire la performanța produsului sau pentru a capta date despre tendințele pieței, analitica social media are potențialul de a furniza informații utile diferitelor linii de afaceri precum marketing și vânzări, relații cu clienții, relații publice și dezvoltarea de produse.
Analitica rețelelor sociale
Authors:   MultiMedia SRL, Sfetcu Nicolae
Published: January 2023

Analitica rețelelor sociale este un domeniu nou și emergent, pregătit pentru a permite companiilor să își îmbunătățească inițiativele de gestionare a performanței în diferite funcții de afaceri. Indiferent dacă este vorba de măsurarea eficienței campaniilor promoționale, colectarea de informații despre nevoile și preferințele clienților, discernerea percepțiilor mărcii, obținerea de feedback cu privire la performanța produsului sau pentru a capta date despre tendințele pieței, analitica social media are potențialul de a furniza informații utile diferitelor linii de afaceri precum marketing și vânzări, relații cu clienții, relații publice și dezvoltarea de produse. Analitica rețelelor sociale se încadrează în știința socială computațională, combinînd practici care răspund la întrebări precum "Cine? Ce? Unde? Când? De ce? și Cum?" folosind tehnici cantitative (statistici computaționale, învățarea automată, etc.) și așa-numitele megadate (big data) pentru extragerea datelor și modelarea prin simulare. Analitica rețelelor sociale oferă o sursă bogată de provocări de cercetare socială, politică, economică și academică pentru oamenii din științe sociale, informaticieni, companii și organismele de finanțare.
Arta războiului
Authors: Tzŭ Sun
Published: January 2023

Arta războiului a lui Sunt Tzu a avut o influență extraordinară asupra tradițiilor militare chineze și japoneze și este încă predată în școlile militare din întreaga lume; constituie fundamentul gândirii strategice contemporane din Asia. Arta războiului a ajuns un canon al gândirii strategice occidentale, la rândul său profund influențat de acest tratat care analizează, cu un avans considerabil, războiul ca o chestiune de importanță vitală pentru state. Cartea este încă predată în școlile militare occidentale, unde este cel mai adesea subiectul unor studii comparative cu canoanele gândirii strategice europene și nord-americane. Multe cărți de afaceri au aplicat lecțiile preluate din carte la politica de birou și la strategia de afaceri corporativă. Multe companii consideră cartea ca lectură obligatorie pentru directorii lor cheie, citând valorile sale utilitare în ceea ce privește practicile de management. ”Cele 13 capitole ale lui Sun Tzŭ nu sunt doar elementul de bază și baza tuturor pregătirii militarilor, ci și obligă la cea mai mare atenție a cărturarilor și a oamenilor de litere. Spunele sale sunt concise dar elegante, simple dar profunde, perspicace și eminamente practice.” (Chêng Hou)
London: Business, Travel, Culture
Authors:   MultiMedia SRL, Sfetcu Nicolae
Published: January 2023

London, the only city to have hosted the Olympics three times (1908, 1948, 2012), is dynamic and very diverse culturally. It plays an important role in art and fashion. It receives 28 million tourists per year and has four sites in World heritage and numerous iconic landmarks: the Palace of Westminster, Tower Bridge, Tower of London, Westminster Abbey, Buckingham Palace, and renowned institutions like the British Museum or the National Gallery.
PREVENTION STRATEGY OF MAIN NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS
Authors: MORENO GUTIERREZ SILVIA SOLEDAD , GARCIA LOPEZ MARGARITA
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT:
The aim of this work was to build four models for the prediction of Noncommunicable Diseases (NCD) to support early diagnosis by applying deep Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and clustering; through comparative analysis, the best paradigm was chosen. Following the methodology for data science, the objectives, project requirements and the quality of the data were analyzed, cleaning and normalization was carried out, the identification of the optimal number of groups by means of the silhouette method. Each model was trained with 70% of records and validated with the remaining 30% using the confusion matrix and F1. The comparative analysis showed the best performance of the multilayer perceptron with deep learning (over a network with clustering radial basis functions), its accuracy, precision, sensitivity, specificity and F1 were 99%, 97%, 100%, 97% and 98% respectively for lung cancer, 99%, 98%, 100%, 100% and 98% for breast cancer, Alzheimer with 98.6%, 100%, 96%, 100% and 97%, and depression with 91% , 87%, 93%, 88% and 88%, these models constitute an automated solution to strengthen medical diagnosis, they are considered a strategic support in the prevention of NCD, will contribute to improving the prognosis and quality of life of vulnerable people.
Keywords: Prediction, artificial neural networks, data science, physical disorders, mental disorders
Two phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinases with differing biochemical properties in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Torresi Florencia , Rodriguez Fernanda M. , Gomez‐Casati Diego F. , Martín Mariana
Published: January 2023

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) catalyses the reversible reaction of decarboxylation and phosphorylation of oxaloacetate (OAA) to generate phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and CO2 playing mainly a gluconeogenic role in green algae. We found two PEPCK isoforms in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and we cloned, purified and characterised both enzymes. ChlrePEPCK1 is more active as decarboxylase than ChlrePEPCK2. ChlrePEPCK1 is hexameric and its activity is affected by citrate, phenylalanine and malate, while ChlrePEPCK2 is monomeric and it is regulated by citrate, phenylalanine and glutamine. We postulate that the two PEPCK isoforms found originate from alternative splicing of the gene or regulated proteolysis of the enzyme. The presence of these two isoforms would be part of a mechanism to finely regulate the biological activity of PEPCKs.
Loss of tRNA methyltransferase 9 and DNA damage response genes in yeast confers sensitivity to aminoglycosides
Authors: Veerabhadrappa Bhavana , SJ Sudharshan , Rao Nagashree N. , Dyavaiah Madhu
Published: January 2023

tRNA methyltransferase 9 (Trm9)‐catalysed tRNA modifications have been shown to translationally enhance the DNA damage response (DDR). Here, we show that Saccharomyces cerevisiae trm9Δ, distinct DNA repair and spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) mutants are differentially sensitive to the aminoglycosides tobramycin, gentamicin and amikacin, indicating DDR and SAC activation might rely on translation fidelity, under aminoglycoside stress. Further, we report that the DNA damage induced by aminoglycosides in the base excision repair mutants ogg1Δ and apn1Δ is mediated by reactive oxygen species, which induce the DNA adduct 8‐hydroxy deoxyguanosine. Finally, the synergistic effect of tobramycin and the DNA‐damaging agent bleomycin to sensitize trm9Δ and the DDR mutants mlh1Δ, rad51Δ, mre11Δ and sgs1Δ at significantly lower concentrations compared with wild‐type suggests that cells with tRNA modification dysregulation and DNA repair gene defects can be selectively sensitized using a combination of translation inhibitors and DNA‐damaging agents.
L1CAM promotes vasculogenic mimicry formation by miR‐143‐3p‐induced expression of hexokinase 2 in glioma
Authors: Huang Yishan , Zhu Chenchen , Liu Pei , Ouyang Fan , Luo Juanjuan , Lu Chunjiao , Tang Bo , Yang Xiaojun
Published: January 2023

In recent decades, antiangiogenic therapy, which blocks the supply of oxygen and nutrition to tumor cells, has become a promising clinical strategy for the treatment of patients with tumors. However, recent studies revealed that vasculogenic mimicry (VM), which is the process by which vascular morphological structures are formed by highly invasive tumor cells, has been considered a potential factor for the failure of antiangiogenic therapy in patients with tumors. Thus, inhibition of VM formation might be a potential target for improving the outcome of antiangiogenic strategies. However, the mechanism underlying VM formation is still incompletely elucidated. Herein, we report that L1CAM might be a critical regulator of VM formation in glioma, and might be associated with the resistance of glioma to antiangiogenic therapy. We found that the tumor‐invasion and tube‐formation capabilities of L1CAM‐overexpressing cells were significantly enhanced in vitro and in vivo. In addition, the results indicated that miR‐143‐3p, which might directly target the 3'UTR of the hexokinase 2 (HK2) gene to regulate its protein expression, was subsequently involved in L1CAM‐mediated VM formation by glioma cells. Further study revealed that the regulation of MMP2, MMP9, and VEGFA expression was involved in this process. Moreover, we identified that activation of the downstream PI3K/AKT signaling pathway of the L1CAM/HK2 cascade is critical for VM formation by glioma cells. Furthermore, we found that the combined treatment of anti‐L1CAM neutralizing monoclonal antibody and bevacizumab increases efficacy beyond that of bevacizumab alone, and suppresses glioma growth in vivo, indicating that the inhibition of L1CAM‐mediated VM formation might efficiently improve the effect of antiangiogenic treatment for glioma patients. Together, our findings demonstrated a critical role of L1CAM in regulating VM formation in glioma, and that L1CAM might be a potential target for ameliorating tumor resistance to antiangiogenic therapy in glioma patients.
Visitor demographics, site‐type and activities determine the occurrence and severity of environmental impacts at nature‐based tourist destinations
Authors: Torsney Andrew , Buckley Yvonne M.
Published: January 2023

Increasing demand for access to nature has the potential to increase environmental impacts. Identifying links between increased visitor intensity and habitat damage in context‐specific studies is an oversimplification which does not account for visitor demographics or activity characteristics.

We compared the prevalence of tourism‐related threats/pressures across protected areas in Europe, Ireland, and in sites close to the Wild Atlantic Way (WAW) tourism route along the west coast of Ireland. To better understand the drivers of tourism‐related impacts, we analysed impact occurrence (IO) and impact severity (IS) at 43 sites along the WAW using a database of over 6000 visitor movement, demographic and behaviour records gathered by a national tourism agency (Fáilte Ireland).

Threats/pressures related to tourism and recreation are prevalent and widespread across protected sites in Europe (49% of sites) with significantly higher (p < 0.001) prevalence of these threats in protected sites in Ireland (58% of sites). Over 33% of protected sites in Ireland are located within 2 km of a WAW Discovery Point and 64% of these WAW adjacent sites have known threats/pressures related to recreation and/or tourism, which is significantly higher than Irish and European averages (p < 0.001).

Visitors to WAW sites ranged mostly within 1 km of tourist destinations (99%) and over 75% of all visitors had no observable impact on the receiving environment. Site‐type, tourist demographics and tourist activities were informative predictors of IO. IS was influenced by total number of impacts, activity intensity and site‐type. Site‐type together with visitor activity occurrence and activity intensity were significant for IO and IS, highlighting the importance of understanding local conditions as well as visitor characteristics for impact avoidance/mitigation.

Tourism‐related pressures and threats are widespread among protected sites in Europe and Ireland. We demonstrate the need to shift the focus from analysing discrete ecological responses in response to generalized tourism pressure to understanding the causes of impacts to mitigate them at source. This will help align tourism and conservation goals.
Cutaneous ulcerative lesions of unknown etiology affecting lionfish Pterois spp. in the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Cody Theresa T. , Kiryu Yasunari , Bakenhaster Micah D. , Subramaniam Kuttichantran , Tabuchi Maki , Ahasan Mohammad Shamim , Harris Holden E. , Landsberg Jan H. , Waltzek Thomas B. , Fogg Alexander Q. , Shea Colin , Pouder Deborah B. , Patterson William F. , Emory Meaghan E. , Yanong Roy P.
Published: January 2023

Objective

Cutaneous ulcerative skin lesions in a complex of invasive Gulf of Mexico lionfish (Red Lionfish Pterois volitans, Devil Firefish P. miles, and the hybrid Red Lionfish × Devil Firefish) became epizootic beginning in mid-August 2017. Herein, we provide the first pathological descriptions of these lesions and summarize our analyses to elucidate the etiology of the disease.

Methods

We examined ulcerated and normal fish through gross pathology and histopathology, bacterial sampling, and unbiased metagenomic next-generation sequencing. We tracked prevalence of the disease, and we used biological health indicators (condition factor, splenosomatic and hepatosomatic index) to evaluate impacts to health, while considering sex and age as potential risk factors.

Result

Typical ulcerative lesions were deep, exposing skeletal muscle, and were bordered by pale or reddened areas often with some degree of scale loss. Only incidental parasites were found in our examinations. Most fish (86%; n = 50) exhibited wound healing grossly and histologically, confirmed by the presence of granulation tissues. A primary bacterial pathogen was not evident through bacterial culture or histopathology. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing did not reveal a viral pathogen (DNA or RNA) but did provide information about the microbiome of some ulcerated specimens. Compared with clinically healthy fish, ulcerated fish had a significantly lower condition factor and a higher splenosomatic index. Disease prevalence at monitored sites through July 2021 indicated that ulcerated fish were still present but at substantially lower prevalence than observed in 2017.

Conclusion

Although some common findings in a number of specimens suggest a potential role for opportunistic bacteria, collectively our suite of diagnostics and analyses did not reveal an intralesional infectious agent, and we must consider the possibility that there was no communicable pathogen.
Enhanced Wear and Corrosion Performances of Titanium Parts Fabricated by SLM Using Near‐Spherical Powder for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Xu Wei , Zhu Xiangyu , Yu Aihua , Wang Mengdi , Zhang Ce , Liu Bowen , Zhang Yun , Tian Shiwei , Zhang Jiazhen , Lu Xin
Published: January 2023

Herein, commercially pure titanium parts (CP‐Ti) are fabricated successfully by laser powder bed fusion using cost‐effective ball milling (BM) near‐spherical powder. The hardness, microstructure, wear, and corrosion performances of BM‐Ti parts are investigated systemically. The microstructure of the fabricated BM‐Ti sample consists of α′ phase. Compared with the sample fabricated using gas‐atomized (GA) spherical powder, the BM‐Ti sample exhibits higher hardness (354 HV vs 240 HV) due to grain refinement. Owing to the formation of a denser oxide film and finger gain, BM‐Ti exhibits a higher corrosion resistance than that of GA‐Ti and forged Ti–6Al–4 V alloy. Under the same load, taking 2 N for example, the BM‐Ti sample exhibits a lower wear rate (1.03 × 10−12 m3 N−1 m−1) than that of the GA‐Ti sample (1.75 × 10−12 m3 N−1 m−1), and comparable to the forged Ti–6Al–4 V alloy (0.84 × 10−12 m3 N−1 m−1). The wear mechanism of the BM‐Ti sample and forged Ti–6Al–4 V alloy is abrasive wear accompanied by adhesion, while the mechanism for the GA‐Ti sample is a combination of delamination and adhesion wear. Together, enhanced wear and corrosion performances of CP‐Ti fabricated using low‐cost BM near‐spherical powder widen its applications in the fields of biomedical further.
Application of 2D MXene in Organic Electrode Materials for Rechargeable Batteries: Recent Progress and Perspectives
Authors: Wang Zhengran , Jiang Huiyu , Zhang Yuchan , An Yongling , Wei Chuanliang , Tan Liwen , Xiong Shenglin , Qian Yitai , Feng Jinkui
Published: January 2023

Organic electrode materials (OEMs) are emerging green power because of the promising advantages such as environmental friendliness, abundant sources, easy recycling, and structural diversity. However, several inherent issues, including low electronic conductivity, dissolution of active materials, and particle pulverization restrict their practical application. MXene, as a novel 2D material has exhibited enormous potential to solve the issues of OEMs due to its high conductivity, unique structure, exceptional mechanical property, and abundant surface groups. Up to now, various effective strategies have been presented and achieved positive effects, such as constructing heterojunction structures, in situ assembly, dip‐coating, preparing free‐standing MXene paper, etc. Nonetheless, comprehensive review of the progress and status is rare. Herein, an overview of the application of MXene in organic electrode materials for rechargeable batteries is systematically put forward. Meanwhile, recent progress and future development directions are presented. This review can serve as a guide for future research.
Tailoring Multifunctional Self‐Assembled Hole Transporting Molecules for Highly Efficient and Stable Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Guo Rui , Zhang Xiaoru , Zheng Xin , Li Lin , Li Min , Zhao Yang , Zhang Shujing , Luo Long , You Shuai , Li Weixi , Gong Zhongmiao , Huang Rong , Cui Yi , Rong Yaoguang , Zeng Haipeng , Li Xiong
Published: January 2023

The self‐assembled hole transporting molecules (SAHTMs) bearing anchoring groups have been established as the hole transporting layers (HTLs) for highly efficient p–i–n perovskite solar cells (PSCs), yet their stability and engineering at the molecular level remain challenging. A topological design of highly anisotropic aligned SAHTM‐based HTLs for operationally stable PSCs that exhibit exceptional solar‐to‐electric power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) is demonstrated. The judiciously designed multifunctional self‐assembled molecules comprise the donor–acceptor subunit for hole transporting and the phosphonic acid group for anchoring, realizing face‐on π‐stacking parallel to the transparent conductive oxide substrate. The high affinity of SAHTMs to the multi‐crystalline perovskite thin film benefits passivating the perovskite buried interface, strengthening interfacial contact while facilitating interfacial hole transfer. Consequently, highly efficient p–i–n PSC devices are obtained with a champion PCE of 23.24% and outstanding operational stability toward various environmental factors including long‐term full sunlight soaking at evaluated temperatures. Perovskite solar modules with a champion efficiency approaching 20% are also fabricated for an active device area above 17 cm2.
Functionalized DNA Nanomaterials Targeting Toll‐Like Receptor 4 Prevent Bisphosphonate‐Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw via Regulating Mitochondrial Homeostasis in Macrophages
Authors: Zhang Tao , Ma Huangshui , Zhang Xiaolin , Shi Sirong , Lin Yunfeng
Published: January 2023

Imbalance of macrophage polarization characterized by an increase in the percentage of pro‐inflammatory M1 macrophages and a decrease in anti‐inflammatory M2 macrophages is considered a critical pathogenic mechanism of bisphosphonate‐related osteonecrosis of the jaws (BRONJ). Because high levels of Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) mediates mitochondrial dyshomeostasis in Zoledronic Acid (ZA)‐treated M1 macrophages, tetrahedral DNA nanomaterial (TDN)‐modified with TLR4‐siRNA on each vertex (TDN‐TLR4‐4siR) with excellent biocompatibility is synthesized. This novel TDN‐TLR4‐4siR nanomaterial reverses the polarization phenotype imbalance decreasing the percentage of M1 RAW264.7 macrophages. Mitochondrial dynamics analysis shows a shift from short rod‐like ultrastructure to elongated shapes with more mitochondrial network continuity in ZA‐primed M1 macrophages after treatment with TDN‐TLR4‐4siR, along with elevated expression of Mfn1 and Mfn2. TDN‐TLR4‐4siR further reduces intracellular ROS production and restored mitochondrial membrane potential. Furthermore, decreased sequestra formation and accelerated healing of the extraction wound are observed in the TDN‐TLR4‐4siR group, resulting in decreased incidence of rat BRONJ via reprogramming polarized macrophages. Consequently, this study establishes a novel strategy using TDN‐TLR4‐4siR nanomaterial to regulate mitochondrial homeostasis of polarized macrophages to prevent BRONJ.
Light‐Responsive Programmable Shape‐Memory Soft Actuator Based on Liquid Crystalline Polymer/Polyurethane Network
Authors: Song Chenjie , Zhang Yuhan , Bao Jinying , Wang Zizheng , Zhang Lanying , Sun Jian , Lan Ruochen , Yu Zhan , Zhu Siquan , Yang Huai
Published: January 2023

Liquid crystalline polymers (LCPs), especially liquid crystalline elastomers (LCEs) can generate ultrahigh shape change amplitude but has lower mechanical strength. Although some attempts have been tried to improve the mechanical performance of LCE, there are still limitations including complicated fabrication and high actuation temperature. Here, a versatile method is reported to fabricate light‐driven actuator by covalently cross‐linking polyurethane (PU) into LCP networks (PULCN). This new scheme is distinct from the previous interpenetrating network strategy, the hydrogen bonds and covalent bonds are used in this study to improve the miscibility of non‐liquid‐crystalline PU and LCP materials and enhance the stability of the composite system. This material not only possesses the shape memory properties of PU but shows shape‐changing behavior of LCPs. With a shrinkage ratio of 20% at the phase transition temperature, the prepared materials reached a maximum mechanical strength of 20 MPa, higher than conventional LCP. Meanwhile, the resulting film shows diverse and programmable initial shapes by constructing crosslinking density gradient across the thickness of the film. By integration of PULCN with near‐infrared light‐responsive polydopamine, local and sequential light control is achieved. This study may provide a new route for the fabrication of programmable and mechanically robust light‐driven soft actuator.
Review of Broadband Metamaterial Absorbers: From Principles, Design Strategies, and Tunable Properties to Functional Applications
Authors: Wang Ben‐Xin , Xu Chongyang , Duan Guiyuan , Xu Wei , Pi Fuwei
Published: January 2023

Metamaterial absorbers have been widely studied and continuously concerned owing to their excellent resonance features of ultra‐thin thickness, light‐weight, and high absorbance. Their applications, however, are typically restricted by the intrinsic dispersion of materials and strong resonant features of patterned arrays (mainly referring to narrow absorption bandwidth). It is, therefore essential to reassert the principles of building broadband metamaterial absorbers (BMAs). Herein, the research progress of BMAs from principles, design strategies, tunable properties to functional applications are comprehensively and deeply summarized. Physical principles behind broadband absorption are briefly discussed, typical design strategies in realizing broadband absorption are further emphasized, such as top‐down lithography, bottom‐up self‐assembly, and emerging 3D printing technology. Diversified active components choices, including optical response, temperature response, electrical response, magnetic response, mechanical response, and multi‐parameter responses, are reviewed in achieving dynamically tuned broadband absorption. Following this, the achievements of various interdisciplinary applications for BMAs in energy‐harvesting, photodetectors, radar‐IR dual stealth, bolometers, noise absorbing, imaging, and fabric wearable are summarized. Finally, the challenges and perspectives for future development of BMAs are discussed.
Harvesting Energy from Atmospheric Water: Grand Challenges in Continuous Electricity Generation
Authors: Tan Jin , Wang Xiang , Chu Weicun , Fang Sunmiao , Zheng Chunxiao , Xue Minmin , Wang Xiaofan , Hu Tao , Guo Wanlin
Published: January 2023

Atmospheric water is ubiquitous on earth and extensively participates in the natural water cycle through evaporation and condensation. This process involves tremendous energy exchange with the environment, but very little of the energy has so far been harnessed. The recently emerged hydrovoltaic technology, especially moisture‐induced electricity, shows great potential in harvesting energy from atmospheric water and gives birth to moisture energy harvesting devices. The device performance, especially the long‐term operational capacity, has been significantly enhanced over the past few years. Further development; however, requires in‐depth understanding of mechanisms, innovative materials, and ingenious system designs. In this review, beginning with describing the basic properties of water, the key aspects of the water–hygroscopic material interactions and mechanisms of power generation are discussed. The current material systems and advances in promising material development are then summarized. Aiming at the chief bottlenecks of limited operational time, advanced system designs that are helpful to improve device performance are listed. Especially, the synergistic effect of moisture adsorption and water evaporation on material and system levels to accomplish sustained electricity generation is discussed. Last, the remaining challenges are analyzed and future directions for developing this promising technology are suggested.
Introducing Controlled Microporosity in Melt Electrowriting
Authors: Mueller Kilian Maria Arthur , Unterrainer Andreas , Rojas‐González Diana Marcela , De‐Juan‐Pardo Elena , Willner Marian Sebastian , Herzen Julia , Mela Petra
Published: January 2023

Melt electrowriting (MEW) enables the electric field‐assisted digital fabrication of precisely defined scaffold architectures of micron‐sized fibers. However, charge accumulation and consequent disruption of the precoded pattern by fiber bridging prevents controlled printing at small interfiber distances. This, together with the periodical layer stacking characteristic for additive manufacturing, typically results in scaffolds with channel‐like macroporosity, which need to be combined with other biofabrication techniques to achieve the desired microporosity for cellular infiltration. Therefore, a design strategy is devised to introduce controlled interconnected microporosity directly in MEW scaffolds by an algorithm that creates arrays of bridging‐free parallel fibers, angularly shifted from layer to layer and starting at a random point to avoid periodical fiber stacking, and hence channel‐like pores while defining micropores. This work hypothesizes that pore size can be controlled, decoupled from fiber diameter, and the mechanical properties, including anisotropy ratio, can be tuned. The authors demonstrate this while leveraging the platform for both flat and seamless tubular scaffolds and characterize them via micro‐computed tomography and tensile loading. Lastly, successful cell ingrowth into the micropores and extracellular matrix formation are shown. This platform enables microporous scaffolds entirely via MEW that can be tailored to the architectural and mechanical requirements of the target tissues.
Broadband Vis–NIR Circular Polarizer with Cascaded Aluminum Wire‐Grid
Authors: Fan Yuanyi , Chu Jinkui , Zhang Ran , Liu Ze , Liu Jianying , Guan Chuanlong , Zhang Zhichao
Published: January 2023

A universal design and fabrication scheme is proposed for a cascaded aluminum wire‐grid‐based vis–NIR circular polarizer. The aluminum wire‐grid is designed as a broadband circular‐linear polarization converter and a broadband linear polarizer, which is further cascaded to form a circular polarizer with strong circular polarization transmittance difference (CPTD) and circular polarization extinction ratio (CPER) in vis–NIR. By increasing the distance between the circular‐linear polarization converter and the linear polarizer, the redshift of the CPTD and CPER peaks is realized and used to design a novel circular polarizer to work better in the operating wavelength. Anisotropic thin‐film interference is revealed to be responsible for the redshift phenomenon. Furthermore, the circular polarizer is fabricated by nano imprint lithography and nano transfer printing with the merits of relatively low cost, and high production efficiency. With such flexibility in the design and fabrication, cascaded aluminum wire‐grid may serve as a tunable compact circular polarizer, and it is also easy to integrate with the wire‐grid‐based linear polarizer to realize the fabrication of the division‐of‐focal‐plane full Stokes polarimeter.
High‐Efficiency and Low‐Intensity Threshold Femtosecond Laser Direct Writing of Precise Metallic Micropatterns on Transparent Substrate
Authors: Cui Mengya , Huang Ting , Peng Zeyu , Xing Lingrong , Zhou Zheng , Guo Liang , Wang Jianli , Xu Jiejie , Xiao Rongshi
Published: January 2023

Laser direct writing (LDW) is a promising approach for fabricating metallic micropatterns on transparent substrates for transparent electronic circuits that satisfy both electronic and optical criteria. However, high efficiency and precision patterning remain a challenge for both photochemical and photothermal LDW. Herein, a novel method is proposed with a femtosecond laser to achieve a highly‐efficient photothermal process via single‐photon absorption by photosensitive particles (SPA‐FsLDW). The dispersive photosensitive particles act as numerous heating sources, enabling simultaneous multiple‐location photothermal reactions and highly‐efficient metallization due to heat‐induced metal ion reduction. The new approach effectively exploits the excellent heat‐input regulation with the ultrashort pulse of the femtosecond laser to achieve great temperature controllability and precision. It is shown that, with a deposition rate of ≈107 µm3 s−1 and electrical resistivity of ≈10−7 Ω m, SPA‐FsLDW improves efficiency and electrical resistivity by at least one order of magnitude compared to previously reported FsLDW. A self‐powered sensor is fabricated using SPA‐FsLDW, demonstrating its practical applicability.
Quantum Dot Enabled Efficient White LEDs for Wide Color Gamut Displays
Authors: Onal Asim , Eren Guncem Ozgun , Melikov Rustamzhon , Kaya Lokman , Nizamoglu Sedat
Published: January 2023

In recent years quantum dots (QDs) emerge as a powerful building block for liquid‐crystal display (LCD) technology, and they are successfully used in the form of color enhancement films. However, their transition toward efficient and wide color gamut LEDs for backlighting remain as an important challenge, which can decrease the required amount of QDs per TV for orders of magnitude. Herein, QD‐based white LEDs are reported that can simultaneously operate with a high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 39.8% and a wide NTSC color gamut coverage of 133.3%. For red‐emitting spectral range, giant CdSe/CdS core/shell QDs are synthesized via hot injection method, and it is observed that 20 monolayers of CdS shell can lead to a near‐unity photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 98%. In addition, green‐emitting CdZnSeS/ZnS alloyed core/shell QDs show a PLQY of 97% with a narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 20 nm. To maintain the optical properties of QDs in device architecture, QDs are injected in liquid matrix on blue LED chips and used as the backlighting source for LCD TV that lead to bright and vivid colored images. QD‐based white LEDs with high efficiency and wide color gamut have significant potential for next‐generation display technology.
Shape Dependent Conformable Holographic Metasurfaces
Authors: Xiao Jianling , Hunter Robert I. , Robertson Duncan A. , Smith Graham M. , Horsley Simon , Schulz Sebastian A. , Falco Andrea Di
Published: January 2023

In this paper, the design, fabrication, and experimental demonstration of conformable holographic metasurfaces are reported. Herein, it is shown that the produced holographic image changes as the metasurface is applied to targets with different shapes. The demonstration is based on a reflective type metasurface, where the reflected polarization is perpendicular to that of the incident light. In addition, how the parameters of the metasurface determine the quality of the images produced and the ability to produce independent images are discussed critically.
High‐Quality CsPbBr3 Perovskite Films with Modal Gain above 10 000 cm−1 at Room Temperature
Authors: Tatarinov Dmitry A. , Anoshkin Sergey S. , Tsibizov Ivan A. , Sheremet Volodymyr , Isik Furkan , Zhizhchenko Alexey Y. , Cherepakhin Artem B. , Kuchmizhak Aleksandr A. , Pushkarev Anatoly P. , Demir Hilmi Volkan , Makarov Sergey V.
Published: January 2023

Halide perovskite lasers based on CsPbBr3 micro‐ and nanoscale crystals have demonstrated fascinating performance owing to their low‐threshold lasing at room temperature and cost‐effective fabrication. However, chemically synthesized thin films of CsPbBr3 usually have rough polycrystalline morphology along with a large amount of crystal lattice defects and, thus, are mostly utilized for the engineering of light‐emitting devices. This obstacle prevents their usage in many photonic applications. Here, a protocol to deposit large‐grain and smooth CsPbBr3 thin films is developed. Their high quality and large scale allow to demonstrate a maximum optical gain up to 12 900 cm−1 in the spectral range of 530–540 nm, which is a record‐high value among all previously reported halide perovskites and bulk semiconductors (e.g., GaAs, GaN, etc.) at room temperature. Moreover, femtosecond laser ablation technique is employed to create high‐quality microdisc lasers on glass from these films to obtain excellent lasing characteristics. The revealed critical roles of thickness and grain size for the CsPbBr3 films with extremely high optical gain pave the way for development of low‐threshold lasers or ultimately small nanolasers, as well as to apply them for polaritonic logical elements and integrated photonic chips.
Holistic Nanowire Laser Characterization as a Route to Optimal Design
Authors: Church Stephen A , Patel Nikesh , Al‐Abri Ruqaiya , Al‐Amairi Nawal , Zhang Yunyan , Liu Huiyun , Parkinson Patrick
Published: January 2023

Nanowire lasers are sought for near‐field and on‐chip photonic applications as they provide integrable, coherent, and monochromatic radiation: the functional performance (threshold and wavelength) is dependent on both the opto‐electronic and crystallographic properties of each nanowire. However, scalable bottom‐up manufacturing techniques often suffer from inter‐nanowire variation, leading to differences in yield and performance between individual nanowires. Establishing the relationship between manufacturing controls, geometric and material properties, and the lasing performance is a crucial step toward optimisation; however, this is challenging to achieve due to the interdependance of such properties. Here, a high‐throughput correlative approach is presented to characterise over 5000 individual GaAsP/GaAs multiple quantum well nanowire lasers. Fitting the spontaneous emission provides the threshold carrier density, while coherence length measurements determine the end‐facet reflectivity. The performance is intrinsically related to the width of a single quantum well due to quantum confinement and bandfilling effects. Unexpectedly, there is no strong relationship between the properties of the lasing cavity and the threshold: instead the threshold is negatively correlated with the non‐radiative recombination lifetime of the carriers. This approach therefore provides an optimisation strategy that is not accessible through small‐scale studies.
Intergradation of UiO‐66 Nanoparticles with Expanded Graphite for Electrocatalytic Determination of Nitrite and L‐Cysteine
Authors: Li Yangwei , Qian Jing , Zhang Yuanyuan , Zeng Ting , Wan Qijin , Yang Nianjun
Published: January 2023

In this study, metal–organic framework (MOF) nanoparticles of UiO‐66 are integrated with expanded graphite (EG) (UiO‐66/EG) by a facile solvothermal approach. The advantages of this nanocomposite UiO‐66/EG overcome the poor electronic conductivity and slow diffusion of MOFs for their electrochemical applications. Through electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and electrochemical techniques, the morphology, surface area, and physicochemical properties of this UiO‐66/EG nanocomposite are characterized. The UiO‐66/EG nanocomposite exhibits superior sensing performance over the UiO‐66 and EG when used for nitrite and L‐cysteine determination. This includes less positive oxidation potentials and enhanced oxidation currents. Using the UiO‐66/EG nanocomposite, the nitrite oxidation peak current is linear with a concentration range of 0.20 μm to 13.15 mm with the lowest limit of detection (LOD) of 0.06 μm (S/N = 3). Meanwhile, superior performance is demonstrated for L‐cysteine monitoring, where the oxidation peak current is linear over the L‐cysteine concentration in the range of 0.5–250 μm and of 0.25–3.50 mm and a LOD of 0.28 μm (S/N = 3). This UiO‐66/EG/GCE nanocomposite is successfully exploited to detect nitrite in food samples and to measure L‐cysteine in juice samples. Therefore, the proposed sensing platform enables the fabrication of high‐performance electrochemical sensors to accurately quantify nitrite and L‐cysteine in complex matrixes.
Innovative Technology for Self‐Powered Sensors: Triboelectric Nanogenerators
Authors: Wang Nannan , Liu Yupeng , Ye Enyi , Li Zibiao , Wang Daoai
Published: January 2023

Internet of Things and wearable technology's quick development have opened up a vast market for sensor systems. However, typical sensors' external power supplies' short lifespan and expensive maintenance restrict them from being used more widely. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), a recently created mechanical energy harvesting and self‐powered sensing device, show enormous promise to get over these restrictions. TENG can be used not only to power sensors instead of conventional chemical batteries but also be utilized to actualize sensing by taking advantage of the unique characteristics of the friction layer itself. Triboelectric nanogenerators efficiently provide crucial infrastructure for a new generation of sensing devices that gather data using several self‐powered sensors in abundance. The recent progress in the development of TENGs applied in the sensor field is reviewed. First, the working mechanisms of solid‐solid TENG and solid–liquid TENG are introduced. Subsequently, the development of TENG‐based sensing systems and their application progress in self‐powered temperature sensors, self‐powered pressure sensors, self‐powered humidity sensors, self‐powered atmosphere sensors, self‐powered wireless sensors, interface wetting status monitoring, solution property monitoring, and friction condition monitoring are highlighted. Finally, current challenges and open opportunities are discussed.
Functionalized Ionic Liquid Exfoliated MoS2 Nanosheets for Photoacoustic Imaging Guided Synergistic Photothermal/Chemotherapy
Authors: Lu Beibei , Hu Shunyou , Wu Chengyu , Zhang Jichuan , Zhang Jianglin , Zhang Jiaheng
Published: January 2023

Nanosheets exhibit highly specific recognition and can be effectively enriched in tumor cells. Controlling nanosheet size and reducing its potential toxicity are key issues in the photothermal therapy of tumors. Herein, a multifunctional nanoplatform based on molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is developed using a green solvent with antitumor activity, ionic liquid (IL) exfoliation, and surface modification to prepare a few layers of IL‐MoS2 nanosheets, with a lateral dimension of ≈96 nm and thickness of 4 nm. The PEG‐b‐PIL polymer improves the biocompatibility, physiological stability, and biodegradability of the nanosheet, and IL‐MoS2‐PEG‐b‐PIL exhibits good photothermal stability and photothermal effects. The in vitro and in vivo results show that IL‐MoS2‐PEG‐b‐PIL nanosheets synergistically inhibit tumor cell growth in combination with photothermal therapy and chemotherapy under 808 nm laser irradiation. The steady increase in the weight of mice during the treatment indicates that the nanosheets are safe. Therefore, the results confirm that IL‐MoS2‐PEG‐b‐PIL nanosheets exhibit good antitumor effects and provide a promising strategy for clinical cancer treatments.
Self‐Induced Mode‐Locking in Electrically Pumped Far‐Infrared Random Lasers
Authors: Di Gaspare Alessandra , Pistore Valentino , Riccardi Elisa , Pogna Eva A. A. , Beere Harvey E. , Ritchie David A. , Li Lianhe , Davies Alexander Giles , Linfield Edmund H. , Ferrari Andrea C. , Vitiello Miriam S.
Published: January 2023

Mode locking, the self‐starting synchronous oscillation of electromagnetic modes in a laser cavity, is the primary way to generate ultrashort light pulses. In random lasers, without a cavity, mode‐locking, the nonlinear coupling amongst low spatially coherent random modes, can be activated via optical pumping, even without the emission of short pulses. Here, by exploiting the combination of the inherently giant third‐order χ(3) nonlinearity of semiconductor heterostructure lasers and the nonlinear properties of graphene, the authors demonstrate mode‐locking in surface‐emitting electrically pumped random quantum cascade lasers at terahertz frequencies. This is achieved by either lithographically patterning a multilayer graphene film to define a surface random pattern of light scatterers, or by coupling on chip a saturable absorber graphene reflector. Intermode beatnote mapping unveils self‐induced phase‐coherence between naturally incoherent random modes. Self‐mixing intermode spectroscopy reveals phase‐locked random modes. This is an important milestone in the physics of disordered systems. It paves the way to the development of a new generation of miniaturized, electrically pumped mode‐locked light sources, ideal for broadband spectroscopy, multicolor speckle‐free imaging applications, and reservoir quantum computing.