bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A MULTIMODAL APPROACH TO HEART FAILURE RISK ASSESMENT IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (Part 2). INSTRUMENTAL AND IMAGING PREDICTORS
Authors:   Belarusian State Medical University, N. Tsapaeva , S. Zolotuhina ,   Belarusian State Medical University, Е. Mironova ,   Belarusian State Medical University, Е. Burakovskaja ,   4 th Сity Сlinical Hospital named after Mikalaj Saŭčanka, Minsk, Belarus, A. Viarsotski ,   4 th Сity Сlinical Hospital named after Mikalaj Saŭčanka, Minsk, Belarus
Published: September 2023

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a starting point for the development of heart failure (HF), which increases the risk of death. The development of HF in AMI patients significantly worsens the prognosis and increases treatment costs, which determines the medical and social significance of the problem. This not only emphasizes the necessity of careful monitoring of AMI patients, but also is a reasonable motivation for the use of multimodal approach to determine the individual risk of heart failure development in patients with AMI, since different pathogenetic mechanisms with different contribution of leading disorders are involved in HF development: microcirculatory dysfunction, inflammation, hemorrhage, edema, remodeling. Multimodal approach is implemented by the identification of clinical, laboratory, angiographic and imaging predictors of HF development. For risk stratification it is necessary to substantiate the optimal combination of prognostic methods to determine the degree of heart failure development risk, the key pathogenetic mechanism of its development and, accordingly, to use the most adequate treatment regimens.
LEFT VENTRICULAR MYOCARDIAL LONGITUDINAL STRAIN AND DYSSYNCHRONY IN PATIENTS WITH VENTRICULAR PACING IN THE LONG-TERM POSTOPERATIVE PERIOD
Authors:   Republican Scientific and Practical Center of Pediatric Surgery, A. Harypau , I. Patsiayuk ,   Belarusian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education
Published: September 2023

Purpose. To study the parameters of longitudinal strain of the left ventricular myocardium and dyssynchrony in young patients with ventricular pacing in the long-term postoperative period. Materials and methods. The study included 60 patients aged 18 to 35 with pacemakers. The first group consisted of 30 patients (17 men and 13 women) with permanent pacemakers implanted after surgical correction of congenital heart defect (CHD) due to postoperative atrioventricular block (AV block). The second group included 30 patients (18 men and 12 women) with non-surgical AV block who required the implantation of a permanent pacemaker. All patients underwent echocardiography to determine the longitudinal strain of the left ventricular (LV) myocardium and assess dyssynchrony. Results. Significant differences were found in the study groups regarding regional and total global longitudinal strain (GLS) of the LV myocardium. In group 1, the strain in the apical dual–chamber position (AP2) was –16.1 (–17.0; –10.9)% and –18.3 (–20.1; –15.0)% in the 2nd (U = 287.0, р = 0.016); in the apical three–chamber position (AP3) –15.2 (–17.7; –11.8)% and 18.3 (–20.1; –17.2)%, respectively (U = 258,5, p = 0.004); in the apical four–chamber position (AP4) –14.8 (–17.6; –11.8)% and –17.1 (–18.4; –15.5)%, respectively (U = 189.5, p = 0.000). GLS in the study groups was –15.4 (–16.8; –12.3)% and –17.9 (–19.0; –16.5)%, respectively (U = 193.5, p = 0.000). The share of patients with GLS over –16% in group 1 after CHD surgical correction was 57%, which is significantly higher than in the group with non–surgical AV block (23%) (χ2 = 6.94, p = 0.008). Interventricular mechanical delay did not differ significantly between the groups, with values of 40.5 (15.0; 54.5) ms and 28.5 (7.0; 53.0) ms, respectively (U = 343.5, p = 0.236). Intraventricular dyssynchrony was more pronounced in group 1 and totaled 121.0 (99.0; 140.0) ms compared to 84.0 (63.0; 106.0) ms in group 2 (U = 192.0, p = 0.000). The width of the QRS complex was significantly greater in group 1 compared to group 2, with values of 140 (140; 160) ms and 140 (130; 140) ms, respectively (U = 302.0, p = 0.028). Conclusion. We found that patients with prolonged ventricular pacing after CHD surgical correction, compared with patients with non-surgical AV block, have significantly lower values of total and regional longitudinal strain, as well as more pronounced dyssynchrony, which indicates the presence of systolic myocardial dysfunction and LV remodeling in this population and suggests an increased risk of developing pacemaker-induced cardiomyopathy (PICM).
DYNAMICS OF BLOOD COAGULATION SYSTEM INDICATORS DEPENDING ON THE SEVERITY OF CHRONIC RESPIRATORY FAILURE AND ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE
Authors:   432 Order of the Red Star Chief Military Clinical Medical Center of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus, D. V. Lapitski ,   Belarusian State Medical University, V. A. Pupkevich ,   432 Order of the Red Star Chief Military Clinical Medical Center of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus, T. V. Chirikova ,   432 Order of the Red Star Chief Military Clinical Medical Center of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus, I. S. Dvorakovski ,   432 Order of the Red Star Chief Military Clinical Medical Center of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus, A. V. Goncharik ,   Belarusian State Medical University, L. V. Kartun ,   Belarusian State Medical University, E. V.  ,   Belarusian State Medical University, A. Ibrahimova ,   Belarusian State Medical University, N. P. Mitkovskaya ,   Republican Scientific and Practical Center of Cardiology,   Belarusian State Medical University
Published: September 2023

The publication is devoted to the study of hemostasis system parameters, markers of endothelial function, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease depending on the severity of chronic respiratory failure and disorders of arterial blood hemoglobin oxygen saturation. The authors have singled out a group of patients with signs of disseminated intravascular coagulation as a manifestation of immune thrombosis; the relationship of hemostasis disorders with hypoxemia and severe respiratory failure has been established. The authors also singled out a group of patients with the signs of thromboinflammation and demonstrated its role in vascular damage. The algorithm of clinical evaluation of patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation, and thromboinflammation is developed and their further management strategy has been suggested.
ULTRAVIOLET BLOOD PHOTOMODIFICATION IN PATIENTS WITH NON-ST ELEVATION ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME (Part 2). IMPACT ON METABOLIC PROCESSES
Authors:   Belarusian State Medical University, O. V. Laskina , G. A. Zalesskaya ,   Institute of Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, N. V. Mashchar ,   Belarusian State Medical University
Published: September 2023

Aim. To study metabolic processes in the blood of patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS), followed by the identification of mechanisms for converting ultraviolet blood modifications (UVBM) into biological reactions. Methods. In the course of the study, 90 blood samples were taken from patients with NSTE-ACS, whose complex treatment included UVBM with blood collection from the ulnar vein and exposure to mercury lamp radiation (“Nadezhda” device). The course of treatment consisted of 5 procedures performed once a day. The parameters of spectrophotometry, biochemical blood analysis data (electrolyte levels, Ca2+ ions, glucose, blood lipid spectrum) were studied before UVBM, directly during individual procedures and 20–30 minutes after the end of the course. Results. Changes in the blood oxygenation parameters and the content of metabolic products were analyzed at different stages of UVBM light exposure in NSTE-ACS patients. It was revealed that the absorption of ultraviolet radiation by blood leads to its photomodification, manifested in changes in the partial pressure of blood gases. UVBM affects oxygen metabolism, changes the delivery and consumption of oxygen by tissues, and affects the course of metabolic processes. UVBM refers to physiotherapeutic methods that, when properly dosed, initiate positive changes in the balance between the production of reactive oxygen species acting as physiologically active compounds and their inhibition by antioxidant systems. Conclusion. The systemic effect of UVBM on the body is manifested in interrelated changes in oxygenation parameters and various metabolic characteristics already during the first and then each of the subsequent procedures. The most pronounced positive changes in the oxygenation parameters and the content of metabolic products were observed during the procedures. At the end of the courses, the effect of UVBM was manifested depending on the concentration of metabolic products compared to the baseline concentration and photoinduced changes in the degree of hemoglobin oxygen saturation. Under the influence of UVBM the concentration decreased at elevated baseline values and increased at reduced. The presence of an interconnection between glucose, cholesterol and the degree of saturation of erythrocyte hemoglobin with oxygen confirms the decisive role of oxygen-dependent processes in the normalization of metabolic disorders.
EFFECT OF HIBERNATING MYOCARDIUM ON POSTISCHEMIC LEFT VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION AFTER SURGICAL CORONARY REPERFUSION. Part 1
Authors:   Republican Scientific and Practical Center of Cardiology, Minsk, Belarus, N. Shybeko , L. Gelis ,   Republican Scientific and Practical Center of Cardiology, Minsk, Belarus, T. Rusak ,   Republican Scientific and Practical Center of Cardiology, Minsk, Belarus, Yu. Belinskaya ,   Republican Scientific and Practical Center of Cardiology, Minsk, Belarus
Published: September 2023

So far, surgical interventions with artificial circulation remain the most effective treatment method providing favorable long-term outcomes, prognosis and quality of life in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). Therefore, the main issue of cardiologists and cardiac surgeons is the prognosis of functional recovery of the left ventricle after revascularization, as the treatment strategy is determined by the risk assessment of surgical mortality and perioperative complications. In order to detect hibernating myocardium, we performed a prospective study including 57 patients with CHD and upcoming coronary bypass grafting, mitral valve plasty or prosthesis. All patients underwent stress magnetic resonance imaging, which allowed noninvasive assessment of both structural and functional changes, as well as determination of myocardial functional reserve. The obtained data will allow us to objectively assess the surgical risk during cardiac surgical interventions, which is very important for the prevention of life-threatening cardiovascular complications, as well as increasing the efficiency of surgical treatment in patients with CHD.
Opinion: Atmospheric multiphase chemistry – past, present, and future
Authors: Abbatt Jonathan P. D. , Ravishankara A. R.
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Multiphase chemistry occurs between chemicals in different atmospheric
phases, typically involving gas–solid and gas–liquid interactions. The
importance of atmospheric multiphase chemistry has long been recognized. Its central role extends from acid precipitation and stratospheric ozone
depletion to its impact on the oxidizing capacity of the troposphere and
to the roles that aerosol particles play in driving chemistry–climate
interactions and affecting human health. This opinion article briefly
introduces the subject of multiphase chemistry and tracks its development
before and after the start of Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. Most of the article focuses on research opportunities and challenges in the field. Central themes are that a fundamental understanding of the chemistry at the molecular level underpins the ability of atmospheric chemistry to accurately predict environmental change and that the discipline of multiphase chemistry is strongest when tightly connected to atmospheric modeling and field observations.
Physiological and ecological tipping points caused by ocean acidification
Authors: Cornwall Christopher , Comeau Steeve , Harvey Ben
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Ocean acidification is predicted to cause profound shifts in many marine ecosystems by impairing the ability of calcareous taxa to calcify and grow, and by influencing the photo-physiology of many others. In both calcifying and non-calcifying taxa, ocean acidification could further impair the ability of marine life to regulate internal pH, and thus metabolic function and/or behaviour. Identifying tipping points at which these effects will occur for different taxa due to the direct impacts of ocean acidification on organism physiology is difficult and they have not adequately been determined for most taxa, nor for ecosystems at higher levels. This is due to the presence of both resistant and sensitive species within most taxa. However, calcifying taxa such as coralline algae, corals, molluscs, and sea urchins appear to be most sensitive to ocean acidification. Conversely, non-calcareous seaweeds, seagrasses, diatoms, cephalopods, and fish tend to be more resistant, or even benefit from the direct effects of ocean acidification. While physiological tipping points of the effects of ocean acidification either do not exist or are not well defined, their direct effects on organism physiology will have flow on indirect effects. These indirect effects will cause ecologically tipping points in the future through changes in competition, herbivory and predation. Evidence for indirect effects and ecological change is mostly taken from benthic ecosystems in warm temperate–tropical locations in situ that have elevated CO2. Species abundances at these locations indicate a shift away from calcifying taxa and towards non-calcareous at high CO2 concentrations. For example, lower abundance of corals and coralline algae, and higher covers of non-calcareous macroalgae, often turfing species, at elevated CO2. However, there are some locations where only minor changes, or no detectable change occurs. Where ecological tipping points do occur, it is usually at locations with naturally elevated pCO2 concentrations of 500 μatm or more, which also corresponds to just under that concentrations where the direct physiological impacts of ocean acidification are detectable on the most sensitive taxa in laboratory research (coralline algae and corals). Collectively, the available data support the concern that ocean acidification will most likely cause ecological change in the near future in most benthic marine ecosystems, with tipping points in some ecosystems at as low as 500 μatm pCO2. However, much more further research is required to more adequately quantify and model the extent of these impacts in order to accurately project future marine ecosystem tipping points under ocean acidification.
Alpine topography of the Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains, Antarctica, mapped from ice sheet surface morphology
Authors: Lea Edmund J. , Jamieson Stewart S. R. , Bentley Michael J.
Published: September 2023

Abstract. Landscapes buried beneath the Antarctic Ice Sheet preserve information about the geologic and geomorphic evolution of the continent both before and during the wide-scale glaciation that began roughly 34 million years ago. Throughout this time, some areas of the ice sheet have remained cold-based and non-erosive, preserving ancient landscapes remarkably intact. The Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains in central East Antarctica are one such landscape, maintaining evidence of tectonic, fluvial and glacial controls on their distinctly alpine morphology. The central Gamburtsevs have previously been surveyed using airborne ice-penetrating radar, however, many questions remain as to their evolution and their influence on the East Antarctic Ice Sheet, including where in the region to drill for a 1.5-million-year-long ‘Oldest Ice’ core. Here, we derive new maps of the planform geometry of the Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains from satellite remote sensing datasets of the ice sheet surface, based on the relationship between bed roughness and ice surface morphology. Automated and manual approaches to mapping were tested and validated against existing radar data and elevation models. Manual mapping was more effective than automated approaches at reproducing bed features observed in radar data, but a hybrid approach is suggested for future work. The maps produced here show detail of mountain ridges and valleys on wavelengths significantly smaller than the spacing of existing radar flightlines, and mapping has extended well beyond the confines of existing radar surveys. Morphometric analysis of the mapped landscape reveals that it constitutes a preserved (> 34 Ma) dendritic valley network, with some evidence for modification by topographically confined glaciation prior to ice sheet inception. The planform geometry of the landscape is a significant control on locations of basal melting, subglacial hydrological flows, and the stability of the ice sheet over time, so the maps presented here may help to guide decisions about where to search for Oldest Ice.
Laser Ignition of an IC Engine Using an Nd: YAG Laser
Authors: Zeenath Fathima S. , Maria Antoine Pushparaj C. , Shiva Shankare Gowda A. S.
Published: September 2023

The use of laser energy to ignite gas and liquid based fuel-air mixtures has been the subject of a number of studies and laboratory experiments at a fundamental level over the past 30 years. The practical implementation of this laser application has still to be fully realized in a commercial automotive application. Laser Ignition (LI), as a replacement for Spark Ignition (SI) in the Internal Combustion (IC) engines of automotive vehicles, offers several potential advantages including extending lean burn capability, reducing the cyclic variants between combustion cycles and reducing the overall ignition package costs, weight and energy requirements. This paper reports on the current research being undertaken which examines the effects of engine combustion performance and stability when specific laser parameters (beam energy, minimum spot size and focal length/volume) are varied. A Q-switched Nd: YAG laser operating at the fundamental wavelength 1064 nm was used to ignite gasoline and air mixtures.
Uncertainty Analysis of Evapotranspiration Estimates in Ecosystems
Authors: Hofreiter Milan , Jirka Vladimír
Published: September 2023

Many hydrologic models and agricultural management applications require evapotranspiration estimates. The intensity of evapotranspiration is mainly determined by mathematical models rather than by direct measurement. In addition to its own estimate of evapotranspiration, it is necessary to determine the uncertainty of this estimate. This uncertainty is not usually mentioned. In this paper these formulas are derived for the uncertainty estimate of evapotranspiration under simplifying assumptions. These assumptions enabled one to derive an expression of evapotranspiration estimation uncertainty suitable for practical applications. The paper focuses on both the absolute and the relative uncertainty of evapotranspiration estimation. The derived formulas can be used for determining the uncertainty in evapotranspiration estimation, but as well as for the accuracy estimate which is necessary for the measuring of input variables. The derived relationship shows that the net radiation should be more accurately measured than the other energy fluxes that have an influence on evapotranspiration. It follows that the relative uncertainty of evapotranspiration is primarily influenced by the relative uncertainty of net radiation. The uncertainty in the measurement of net radiation was derived from data obtained by using a radiometer which was equipped with a pair of pyranometers and with a pair of pyrgeometers. Planck’s Law was used for spectral analysis. The possible presence of systematic errors in the measuring of net radiation was evaluated for its potential impact on the errors of the evapotranspiration estimate. This paper is accompanied by measurement records and graphs documenting the achieved results.
Comparative Analysis for Helical Spring and Belleville Spring Used in Aerosol Container Valve
Authors: Modh Mehul
Published: September 2023

Aerosol is to spray in fine particles from pressurized fluid. It is widely used in insect killer room freshener as well as perfumes. Various designs of such products are available and they are based on ergonomically as well as aesthetical consideration. In this paper, same consideration is used, model is made in Pro-e software and analysis is made in ANSYS software to justify the answer. Here, two different springs like Belleville as well as Conventional spring called “Helical Spring”. Due to application of same load on Belleville as well as helical spring, a graph of load versus deflection is produced. The objective of this work is to prevent the leakage as well as less pressure or effort application on valve of the aerosol container to spray the contains.
Prototype Design and Performance Analysis of Solar Clothes Dryer
Authors: Amiebenomo S. O. , Omorodion I. I. , Igbinoba J. O.
Published: September 2023

The current state of the laundry industry in Nigeria has created an opportunity to capture a significant market segment that has rejected conventional dryers as expensive, energy consuming and damaging to clothing. Clothes lines and other hang drying methods subject those users to a lack of privacy, extremely long drying times and great dependency on weather. A solar clothes dryer was designed and developed to provide a compromise solution, with faster dry times, low cost and superior energy efficiency. The unit consists of two parts, an inclined flow chamber (solar collector) and the drying box. A performance- analysis was conducted employing a two stage nested design and two way Anova. The two stage nested design had a total number of 24 observations (6 clothe materials x 2solar radiation modes x 2 replications), using six clothing materials as the test material at an average drying chamber temperature of 50 ºC for safe drying of the clothes. The results of the experimental design shows that the number of clothes, solar radiation mode has highly significant (P<0.05) effect on the drying time. The two way Anova design had a total number of 12 observations (6 clothe materials x moisture remove {%}). The test reveals that the number of clothes, percentage of moisture removed has highly significant (P<0.05) effect on the drying time. Graphical analyses of residuals reveal adequacy of models employed. The normality assumption check conducted on the models revealed nonconstant variance defect which validated the conclusions of the two-staged nested design and two way Anova. The normal probability plots and the standardized residual plots also gave no indication of outliers, which shows that experimental designs took into consideration proper randomization of the experimental runs. The main advantage of this dryer is that it can work all round the year, Asian Review of Mechanical Engineering ISSN 2249 – 6289 Vol. 2 No. 1, 2013, pp.35-43 © The Research Publication, www.trp.org.in with a built-in auxiliary heating system. it consumes less power than conventional dryers in washing machines(800.64kJ). It can easily be built with commonly available materials.
Precision Temperature Measurement Using Resistance Temperature Detector
Authors: Nagaraju B. P. , Rathanraj K. J.
Published: September 2023

Temperature is a very important parameter and its measurement is a routine process in industries and laboratories. Many industries and processes, from steel manufacturing to semiconductor fabrication, depend on temperature. Accuracy of the temperature measurement will depend on the sensor selected, signal cables used, and the instruments. Selecting the right temperature sensor usually depends on the temperature range of the process being measured, accuracy desired, and the operating environment encountered. A data acquisition system conditions the analog signal from the RTD sensor, making the analog translation of the temperature usable in the digital domain.
Experimental Investigation and Analysis of Abrasive Water-Jet Machining Process
Authors: Sreekesh K. , Govindan P.
Published: September 2023

The abrasive water-jet machining is an unconventional and eco-friendly technology used for industrial applications. This paper presents a comprehensive experimental investigation of the process, based on the material removal mechanism. The quality of surfaces machined using the process is investigated in detail. The results have indicated that surface roughness values (Ra in μm) vary between 3.5 and 5.5. The flow of abrasives, their speed and size influence quality of the machined surfaces. As the abrasive flow increases, the surface finish improves drastically. The optimum abrasive flow rate for obtaining the minimum surface roughness of 4.2 μm was corresponding to the maximum level of 7 g/s. This study has also indicated a possibility of applying abrasive water jet machining for fine polishing of machined surfaces, thereby validating the earlier investigations.
Optimization of Process Parameters in the Hole Sinking Electrical Discharge Micromachining of Ti-6Al-4V Thin Sheet
Authors: Porwal Rajesh Kumar , Yadav Vinod
Published: September 2023

The paper describes the multi-objective optimization of hole sinking electrical discharge micromachining (HSEDMM) process considering material removal rate (MRR), tool wear rate (TWR), and hole taper (Ta) as objectives simultaneously. The micromachining parameters considered in the present work are gap voltage and capacitance of capacitor. Eighteen set of experiments are conducted as per L18 orthogonal array and these experimental results are used for further optimization. Optimal combination of process parameters is determined using grey relational analysis that employs grey relational grade as performance indexes. The principal component analysis is applied to evaluate the weighting values corresponding to each performance characteristics so that their relative importance can be properly and objectively described. Optimal combination of the process parameters for the multiperformance characteristics of the hole sinking electrical discharge machining has been found as; gap voltage 140V and 100 pF capacitance of capacitor.
A Review on Performance & Emission Characteristics of Diesel Engine Using Different Types of Biodiesel Blends as Alternate Fuel
Authors: Niraj N. Raja  , Sheikh Yasin
Published: September 2023

As a renewable, sustainable and alternative fuel for compression ignition engine, biodiesel instead of diesel has been increasingly fuelled to study its effects on engine performances and emissions in the recent 15 years. Biodiesel is an alternative to petroleum-based fuels derived from vegetable oils, animal fats, and used waste cooking oil including triglycerides. Bio-diesel production is a very modern and technological area for researchers due to the relevance that it is winning everyday because of the increase in the petroleum price and the environmental advantages. Trans esterification is the most common method and leads to monoalkyl esters of vegetable oils and fats, now called bio-diesel when used for fuel purposes. In spite of having some other applications, recently it is being considered as one of the most promising alternative fuels in internal combustion engine. Also on the other hand increasing stringent emission regulation will make the use diesel very difficult in the coming days. Regarding the health and environment there is an alternate of diesel called biodiesel. This review paper collects experimentally investigated records and results of engine performance & emission characteristics of compression engine with biodiesel and compared it with conventional diesel. From the review it is found that the use of biodiesel leads to the substantial reduction in PM, HC and CO emissions accompanying with the imperceptible power loss, the increase in fuel consumption and the increase in NOx emission on conventional diesel engine.
Friction and Sliding Wear Behaviour of Bare and Thermal Sprayed Tool Steels
Authors: Nipun Sharma  , Manpreet Kaur
Published: September 2023

Several hot forming processes are bound with severe problem of sliding wear resulting in failure of die. The surfaces of the tools get damaged severely due to the application of repeated cyclic contact between the hot workpiece and the tool. Therefore, the present research work aims to experimentally analyze the sliding wear behavior of bare and High Velocity Oxy-fuel (HVOF) sprayed hot forming tool steels under dry conditions at room temperature. AISI H11 and AISI H13 tool steels were selected in the study. NiCrFeSiBC – (WC-Co) coating was deposited by HVOF spray process on tool steels. The as-sprayed coatings were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (EDS) analysis. Wear performance of the uncoated and the coated tool steels was evaluated on the pinon- disc tribometer in laboratory so as to ascertain the usefulness of the developed coating composition. The variations of wear rate with the sliding distance for all the specimens studied were plotted. Based on the observations, it was found that H13 showed the least wear rate at 20N load and at a load of 40N H11 showed the least wear rate.
Influence of Tool-Pin Profile on Properties of Friction Stir Processed AA 2014 Under Natural and Flood Cooling
Authors: Gagandeep Singh Dhaliwal  , Pardeep Kumar
Published: September 2023

Aluminium alloys, possessing good strength to weight ratio, are extensively employed in various fields of technology. Friction stir processing (FSP) is an allied process of friction stir welding (FSW) that is used to transform the material properties. FSP performed on surface can transform the surface properties of certain material and can also transform the mechanical properties, if carried out in bulk of material. Investigations havebeen carried out by number of researchers to see the influence of FSP parameters and the simultaneous cooling on different properties of different materials. In the present research work, the work was carried out to see the influence of tool-pin profile on the properties of aluminium alloy AA2014, under natural and flood cooling conditions. AA2014 is commonly used in aerospace industry and in defence equipment. AA2014 was friction stir processed with three types of tool-pin profiles and freezing the other process parameters of FSP, on the basis of literature. The processed specimens were characterized with X-ray radiography and microstructure analysis. Micro-hardness and the tensile strength of the processed specimens were also tested. Among the processed specimens, the highest hardness was obtained with square tool-pin profile under flood cooling conditions. The refinement in microstructure has been observed to be the reason of the same.
Friction and Wear Characteristics of Indegenous ‘EPDM’ Rubber Under Dry Sliding Condition
Authors: Abhijit Mukhopadhyay
Published: September 2023

Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (EPDM) rubber emerges as a dominant elastomeric compound for major engineering applications like automobiles, constructions, electric and electronic industries and many more. The major engineering properties of EPDM are its outstanding heat, ozone and weather resistance ability. The resistance to polar substances and steam are also good. EPDM rubber has a common use as seals in automobiles. In the presentwork friction and sliding wear behaviors of indigenously developed ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber (EPDM) of different hardness have been studied against steel counterpart in dry condition. Different hardness of EPDM have been achieved by adding different proportion (parts per hundred) of carbon black (CB) with the main ingredients of EPDM. Tribo-testing has been carried out in a multi tribo tester TR-25 (Ducom, India). Experiments have been conducted at a constant load of 25N with different speeds and times. The frictional force, coefficient of friction (COF), mass loss and wear of EPDM rubbers have been determined from the test data and concluded accordingly. Present experimental work attempts to highlight some important tribo-characteristics of EPDM rubber as well as to shed light on various possible areas of further research works including the study of worn surface morphology using scanning electron microscope (SEM).
Investigation for Surface Quality Improvement of Barrel Finished FDM Patterns Based Vacuum Moulding
Authors: Rupinder Singh  , Manjinder Singh
Published: September 2023

In this paper investigations have been made for surface quality improvement of barrel finished fused deposition modelling (FDM) pattern based vacuum moulding (VM) components. VM master pattern was prepared using p- 430 grade bs on fdm setup (uPrint-SE), whose surface finish was improved by using barrel finishing (BF) process. The controllable parameters of bf and vm process (namely: media weight, cycle time, vacuum pressure and grain size of refractory sand) were studied at three levels by using taguchi L9 orthogonal array to find out their effects on dimensional accuracy of the final casting. Aluminium 6063 alloy was used for preparing VM components.
Heuristic for Enabling Lean Characteristics in Cellular Manufacturing using Reconfigurable Machines
Authors: Kant Rajeev , L N Pattanaik  , Pandey Vijay
Published: September 2023

Due to the rigidness of cellular manufacturing system (CMS), it lacks adaptability which is the ability to respond to changing products, product mix and production capacity, hence loosing competency in dynamic manufacturing environment. Reconfigurable machine tools (RMTs) are the great means to propel flexibility in CMS to enable a high degree of system responsiveness to frequentchanges in cost effective way. In this paper, RMTs are used to exert lean characteristics in CMS by inheriting the desirable properties of RMTs. A heuristic is developed for embedding lean characteristics into machine cell design. The emphasis of this research is the formation of machine cells driven by specific product mix. An application example is included to illustrate the cellular model.
Optimization of Turning Process Parameter for GFRP through CNC Turning Process
Authors: Babu R. S. , Parthasarathy C. , Chandradass J.
Published: September 2023

Nowadays, glass fiber reinforced plastics (GFRP) composites play a vital role new line in many engineering applications as an alternative to various heavy exotic materials. Newline in GFRP polymeric composites, the matrix of polymer (resin) is reinforced with glass line fibers. Glass fiber reinforced plastics are increasingly used for variety of engineering new line applications from automobile to air craft components because of their superior new line advantages when compared to the other engineering materials. Turning of GFRP composite materials is a rather complex task owing to its heterogeneity and the number of problems. The Problems are surface delimitation, which appear during the machining process that is associated with the characteristics of the material and the cutting parameters. Optimization of machining parameters is an important process in machining. Experiments were conducted based on the established Taguchi’s technique L9 orthogonal array on a lathe machine. The cutting parameters are speed, feed rate, and depth of cut on the surface roughness, machining timing and material removal rate produced. The performances of the various parameters are evaluated by measuring surface roughness and material removal rate. The results indicate that the developed model is suitable for prediction of surface roughness and material removal rate in machining of glass fiber reinforced plastics composites. The percentage of contribution was analyzed speed parameter 80% for surface roughness feed parameter 66%for machining timing s and feed parameter 64% for MRR.
Biomass – An Endless Source of Renewable Energy
Authors: Chandra Yogender Pal , Singh Arashdeep , Singh Gurtej , Ramashwar Rudra
Published: September 2023

Energy demand in India is increasing continuously due to sharp growth in population and industrial development. Major demand of electricity is fulfilled by conventional energy resources like coal, oil, gas etc. About 13% of installed capacity in India is obtained from renewable energy sources. India being an agricultural rich country has a huge stockpile of biomass which can be used as a potential source to obtain renewable energy in the future for providing energy access to all. Biomass comprises of agricultural waste like woody waste, rice husk, cotton straw, industrial waste, household waste and human & animal waste. Present research work has been put forward to discuss about potential of biomass based power generation in India, different processes to obtain energy from biomass, future prospectus of biomass based power generation systems. Different slurry based and gasification system designs existing today are elaborated in this paper. These systems are energy efficient and environmentally & economically clean to generate heat and electricity. If used on a large scale these systems can solve cooking problems and may provide energy access in rural areas of India through distributed systems.
Rapid Prototyping of Heterogeneous Objects: Issues and Challenges
Authors: Gupta Vikas , Bala Rajni , Garg Ashok Kumar , Ranjan Rajeev Kumar
Published: September 2023

Heterogeneous objects (HO), composed of multiple materials, are now increasingly being used in engineering applications. With the development of a new fabrication method called Rapid Prototyping (RP), a new dimension is added to manufacture these objects. To manufacture heterogeneous object by RP, a CAD model is required that contains both geometric information as well as material information. Conventionally, most of the available CAD modelling software are able to save the 3D modelled object in the form of geometric and topologic data in stereo lithography file format and do not contain local information of the different materials or their composition in the object. So the conventional 3D modelling software can not be used for the fabrication of heterogeneous objects (HO) through rapid prototyping. The paper highlights all these issues and problems which arise for rapid prototyping of heterogeneous objects. The principles of rapid manufacturing for homogenous objects are discussed and various available RP techniques are explored. The procedure for rapid manufacturing of heterogeneous objects has been proposed. Various challenges and issues are highlighted. Finally, based on these issues, the objectives and scope for future work are identified.
Automatic Disc Braking System Experimental Investigation
Authors: Karthick A. , Prakash L.
Published: September 2023

The main objective of this project is for security system. If vehicle moves very near to the opposite vehicle then it applies brake automatically. It is used for avoiding accident over by racing in highways and parking or busy traffic areas through pneumatic braking. Pneumatic braking system works faster when compared to other devices. So we can achieve the high efficient operation by programming the microcontroller. The disc brake is a device for slowing or stopping the rotation of a wheel. Friction causes the disc and attached wheel to slow or stop. Brakes convert friction to heat, but if the brakes get too hot, they will cease to work because they cannot dissipate enough heat. This condition of failure is known as brake fade. Disc brakes are exposed to large thermal stresses during routine braking and extraordinary thermal stresses during hard braking.
Inventory Control by Linear and Non Linear Demand Forecasting
Authors: Patil R. V. , Chapgaon A. N.
Published: September 2023

Now a day, supply chain practices are widely adopted in Indian industries .Research points out examination of success factors and implementations of the system in Indian industries. However, the adoption in Small and Medium Enterprises is not very common. Interestingly, multinational firms and large enterprises can invest huge capital for implementing latest information technology tools to share the information and carry day-to-day operations, but the investment and implementation is quite difficult for SMEs. This inspires us to investigate effect of new age supply chain technology like VMI practices in SMEs and other industries. VMI entails forecasting demand through joint efforts of customer and supplier, maintaining a targeted service level for customers, initiating and shipping supply orders, material control and customer order fulfillment.In this study, the results of adopting a partial vendor managed inventory practice, along with latest decision support tool like ANN, are presented. Outcomes of case study shows that deployment of vendor managed forecasting improves forecasting accuracy, reduces bullwhip, minimizes total supply chain cost, improves profits and most importantly improves customer satisfaction indexOverall five statistical models and five neural network models are adopted and compared. Study illustrates how a neural network aptly learns the case dynamics, and improves system performance. The results presented in this section demonstrates the effectiveness of the Focused Time Lagged Recurrent Neural Networks (FTLRNN) model compared to traditional and other neural network models. The significant finding of this research is results of forecasting error and other supply chain performance measures. Further study reveals that when we bracket the overstock and under stock cost in the supply chain cost, a forecast with minimum forecasting error may not lead to reduced supply chain cost or improved profits. This study also introduces a mixed model where the error obtained from statistical model is mixed with the forecast obtained by neural model and a new forecast is obtained. The analysis shows that the developed model could further improve supply chain performance in VMI setting.
Impacto del manejo prenatal del embarazo múltiple en los resultados perinatales
Authors: Sarduy Sieres Adriel , Villacreses Cobo Alina Isabel , Pillasagua Cedeño Cecilia Gabriela , Gonzalez Leonardo
Published: September 2023

Introducción: El estudio se enfocó en la atención prenatal y su relación con los resultados perinatales de embarazos múltiples en el Hospital Universitario Ginecológico, Obstétrico y Pediátrico de Guayaquil. Se analizaron 266 embarazos múltiples que finalizaron su gestación en la institución, de un total de 429 casos recibidos entre enero de 2017 y junio de 2021.
Métodos: Desarrollamos una investigación cuantitativa, no experimental, descriptiva, correlacional, retrospectiva, analizando la atención prenatal al embarazo múltiple y su relación con la morbimortalidad fetal, perinatal y neonatal en el Hospital Universitario Ginecológico, Obstétrico y Pediátrico de Guayaquil. Recibimos 429 embarazos múltiples entre enero de 2017 y junio de 2021. Estudiamos solo las 266 que finalizaron su gestación múltiple en la institución, independientemente de la corionicidad, identificadas en el servicio de estadística, quirófano, certificados de recién nacidos vivos (REVIT), sala de partos, excluidas las 163 que no finalizaron el embarazo en el hospital.
Resultados: Se analizaron 266 embarazos múltiples, el 49.6% de las pacientes recibieron el mínimo de 5 consultas prenatales, 1.58 en promedio. Además, se observó una correlación significativa (P=0.021) entre la edad gestacional y haber recibido o no atención prenatal en la institución, evidenciando que el 58% de los casos de pretérmino no tuvieron ningún control prenatal, y las edades maternas de 18 a 35 años fueron las más propensas a la prematuridad (P=0.036). Por otro lado, se encontró que el 78.7% de los casos en los que no se definió la corionicidad no recibieron ninguna ecografía en la institución, y esta solo se diagnosticó en el 51.5% de los casos. La corionicidad no mostro una influencia estadísticamente significativa en el ingreso o días en la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales, ni en la mortalidad (P =0.561, P =0.487, P =0.429). Sin embargo, el realizarse ecografías o no, el ingreso y los días en UCIN presentaron relación estadísticamente significativa con el número de fallecidos (P =0.001) en todos los casos.
Conclusiones: Las pacientes con embarazo múltiple reciben cuatro veces menos atenciones prenatales que las establecidas, asociado a un diagnóstico ecográfico prenatal insuficiente permite que un manejo perinatal contradictorio y mayores tasas de prematuridad, ingreso y mortalidad en cuidados intensivos neonatales.
Morphological integration and modularity of the human hand
Authors:   Doctor Chuchkalov Ulyanovsk Regional Clinical Center of Specialized Types of Medical Care, Ulyanovsk, Russian Federation, Ermolenko Alexander
Published: September 2023

Morphological modularity is a concept that refers to the level of covariance between the components of a structure. Morphological modules are independent subsets of correlated features; in particular, in the human hand, these are the metacarpus (metapodium) and fingers (acropodium). The human hand has been studied as an integral morphological structure for a long time, but its modularity has not been evaluated within the framework of an integrative approach. The aim of this study is to assess the hypothesis of modularity of the metapodium and acropodium of the human hand in the context of their spatial conjugacy using geometric morphometry. Using geometric morphometric methods to determine the shape and location, both modules were examined in samples from 100 digital X-ray images of the right hands of men and women, using 16 two-dimensional landmarks. The modules were compared using partial least squares analysis and the Escoufier coefficient (RV). Against the background of weak allometric effects (4.6-4.86%, p<0.05), there is a moderate correlation between the blocks of landmarks of the metapodium and acropodium (RV=0.5, p<0.05). Partial Least Squares analysis demonstrates that the shape of the hand is more influenced by the shape of the acropodium, and the change in the shape of the metapodium turned out to be more conservative than that of the acropodium. The observed integration of metapodium and acropodium into human hands in this study indicates the plasticity of the hand, especially its fingers in the context of the diversity of its shape.