bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Current quality issues in chemical analysis
Authors:   Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Baranovskaya V. B. , Medvedevskikh M.Yu. ,   Ural Scientific Research Institute for Metrology - Affiliated branch of the D.I. Mendeleyev Institute for Metrology, Karpov Yu.A. ,   Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2021

Analytical chemistry and its three segments: fundamental science, chemical analysis and analytical control are associated with the determination of the chemical composition, which must be performed with the required accuracy. Inaccurate or erroneous results of chemical analysis can lead to negative and sometimes tragic consequences. The accuracy of the results is an integral part and a consequence of a whole range of measures to assure the quality of chemical analysis. Current article discusses the main elements of the quality system of chemical analysis and the current trends in solving urgent problems in this area. The first stage of the analytical process requires a clear understanding and documentation of the requirements on the part of the customer. A particular attention is paid to the contribution to the analysis uncertainty of the sampling. The principle of choosing an analytical method is considered, which is based on the type of sample, matrix, measured value etc. Approaches to the validation or certification of the methods and / or their verifications are generalized. It is shown that the basis for the validation of chemical analysis methods is the assessment of uncertainty. It is noted that this is not only a formalized procedure, but also methodologically competent support of the research process of developing an analysis method in terms of cleaning the analytical signal, ways to identify and eliminate sources of its distortion, and the choice of approaches to constructing the calibration dependencies and standard samples. Attention is drawn to the problem of the current state of education in analytical chemistry.
Grand-Expert spectrometer for metal analysis: current status and analytical capabilities
Authors:   VMK-Optoelektronika, Garanin V.G.
Published: December 2021

This paper presents the characteristics of the modern Grand-Expert spectrometer for the analysis of metals and alloys. The spectrometer has an updated optical scheme and a new spectrum analyzer to solve a wide range of analytical tasks. The analytical capabilities of the spectrometer were investigated for the analysis of steels and high-purity copper and aluminum as an example. For each of the bases, the updated optical scheme made it possible to realize new opportunities for controlling the homogeneity of the sample material and the presence of micro-inclusions on the sample surface and for determining low impurity contents in the pure metal bases. The spectrometer uses a modern semiconductor spark generator with adjustable frequency, current intensity, and duration of individual spark pulses. Spectra of metal samples for individual spark pulses were obtained in real time for the investigated sample. The operation of the spectrometer in different modes and with different exposure times was tested to select the optimal parameters of calibration characteristics. Computer control provides full synchronization of the generator mode setting, argon feeding, and spectrum registration. For steels, we selected sparking modes with high stability of spectral line intensities and analyte concentrations, and for pure metals (copper and aluminum), modes providing low detection limits of impurity elements and good stability of the results.
Analytical capabilities of the Grand-2000 high-resolution spectrometer
Authors:   Institute of Automation and Electrometry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Dzyuba A.A. ,   VMK-Optoelektronika, Dodonov S.V. ,   Institute of Automation and Electrometry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,   Novosibirsk State Technical University, Labusov V.A. ,   Institute of Automation and Electrometry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,   VMK-Optoelektronika,   Novosibirsk State Technical University
Published: December 2021

The analytical characteristics of the new Grand-2000 high-resolution spectrometer with BLPP-4000 photodetectors were evaluated. The device was tested as part of the Grand-Potok complex, which consists of a spectrometer and an electric arc facility and is designed to analyze powder samples continuously brought into the plasma atomizer (free-burning arc in air). The characteristics of the new spectrometer were compared with those of the Grand spectrometer, which is widely employed in analytical laboratories. It is shown that the use of the Grand-2000 spectrometer to determine the concentration of elements in geological and industrial powder samples does not lead to an obvious improvement in the results. The threefold increase in the spectral resolution of the new spectrometer reduces spectral influences from interfering elements, but the relative systematic error both decreases and increases for different samples. This may indicate the influence of unaccounted-for factors, for example, non-optimal spectra processing algorithms for this device. The results obtained suggest good prospects for the use of the Grand-2000 spectrometer to determine the concentration of elements in samples with a complex spectrum, but they also indicate the need for further studies to determine the optimal parameters for processing spectra. In addition, the Grand-2000 spectrometer can be used to supplement and refine the existing database of the wavelengths of spectral lines.
Dynamic-range extension of MAES multichannel analyzers based on BLPP-2000 and BLPP 4000 photodetector arrays
Authors:   Institute of Automation and Electrometry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Babin S.A. ,   VMK-Optoelektronika, Labusov V.A. ,   Institute of Automation and Electrometry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,   VMK-Optoelektronika,   Novosibirsk State Technical University, Selyunin D.O. ,   Institute of Automation and Electrometry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,   VMK-Optoelektronika, Pelipasov O.V. ,   Institute of Automation and Electrometry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,   VMK-Optoelektronika
Published: December 2021

One trend in the development of integral atomic emission spectral analysis with low spectral background excitation sources, such as inductively coupled or microwave plasma, is to increase the dynamic range of spectrum recording systems based on photodetector arrays. To achieve low detection limits, it is necessary to use photodetector arrays with low reading noise. The dynamic range of a single readout of such photodetector arrays usually does not exceed four orders of magnitude. The dynamic range increase due to the accumulation of spectra from multiple acquisition leads to a quadratic increase in the measurement time. This method does not allow one to cover the entire dynamic range of spectral line intensities of inductively coupled or microwave plasma (which can reach seven orders of magnitude) while maintaining an acceptable total measurement time of a sample spectrum. As an alternative, it is proposed to increase the dynamic range toward higher line intensities by using two different alternating accumulation times during measurement. The objective of this study is to implement the proposed recording mode in MAES analyzers based on BLPP-2000 and BLPP-4000 photodetector arrays in order to increase the dynamic range of recorded spectral lines. Dependences of the signal-to-noise ratio and the dynamic range of spectral lines recorded in integral atomic emission spectrometry on the accumulation time, the total measurement time, the spectral background level, and the photodetector array parameters are obtained. It is shown theoretically that the use of the recording mode with alternating different accumulation times should increase the dynamic range of BLPP-2000 and BLPP-4000 photodetector arrays by two orders of magnitude. The dynamic range of spectral line intensities of a hollow-cathode lamp is shown experimentally to increase by two orders of magnitude (to five orders of magnitude).
Recognition of radar images generated by synthetic aperture radar systems
Authors:   Ural Federal University named after first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, 32 Mira Str., Ekaterinburg, 620002, Russia, Vinogradova N. S. , Dorosinsky L. G. ,   Ural Federal University named after first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, 32 Mira Str., Ekaterinburg, 620002, Russia
Published: December 2021

In the field of radar remote sensing of the Earth, the problem of detecting and / or identifying spatially distributed targets against the background of a homogeneous surface is becoming increasingly important, for example, the tasks of the coast guard, monitoring of unauthorized forest logging, assessing the consequences of natural disasters, and others. This study is devoted to solving the problem of developing the optimal algorithm for making a decision on the class of a spatially distributed target based on data from side-scan radar systems with a synthetic aperture. A detailed description of the signal formation process in the fixed range channel is given, taking into account possible interference factors. Based on the statistical criterion by the method of maximum likelihood, the recognition algorithm is proposed, expressions for the formation of a feature vector are obtained, and the nonparametric decision rule is proposed. The algorithm has been tested on the example of recognizing three classes of spatially distributed targets that differ in size.
Method for increasing noise resistance of radar sensors with frequency selection
Authors:   Ural Federal University named after first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, 32 Mira Str., Ekaterinburg, 620002, Russia, Noskov V. Ya. , Bogatyrev E. V. ,   Siberian Federal University, 79, Svobodny pr., Krasnoyarsk, 660041, Russia, Ignatkov K. A. ,   Ural Federal University named after first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, 32 Mira Str., Ekaterinburg, 620002, Russia, Shaidurov K. D. ,   Ural Federal University named after first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, 32 Mira Str., Ekaterinburg, 620002, Russia, Chernyh O. A. ,   Ural Federal University named after first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, 32 Mira Str., Ekaterinburg, 620002, Russia
Published: December 2021

The description of a new method of signal generation and processing which provides an increase in the noise immunity of radar sensors (RS) with frequency switching (FS) radiation is presented. The principle of method is in the use of a set of time intervals when measuring the phase difference of signals at different radiation frequencies and, accordingly, a set of the Doppler frequency values in the signal spectrum when determining the average value of the Doppler frequency, as well as the use of forward and reverse IF sequences. This method allows averaging the results of calculating individual implementations and, thereby, increase the accuracy of determining the target speed and distance to it. At the same time, the stability of the RS with FS also increases to the effects of signals from third-party radio sources and interference from the underlying surface. The results of experimental studies of the method are obtained on the example of the autodyne RS with the 8-mm frequency range, made on the basis of the Gann diode generator with frequency control by varicap. The method may be used in on-board (for example, automotive) radar sensors designed to detect moving targets, measure the distance to them, as well as determine the speed and direction of movement.
A ‘leitura’ segundo estudantes do ensino médio integrado ao ensino técnico no nordeste brasileiro
Authors: Borges Rafael , Curcino Luzmara , Cassany Daniel
Published: December 2021

Neste trabalho temos por objetivo analisar representações leitoras compartilhadas por estudantes da Escola Agrícola de Jundiaí/Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, depreendidas a partir de entrevista semiestruturada, de modo a refletir acerca das injunções sociais, culturais, históricas que determinam as formas legítimas de ser e de se apresentar como leitor, que se encontram conservadas, eventualmente questionadas, no que enunciam esses jovens em relação a si, como bons ou não tão bons leitores, e no que enunciam, de modo geral, acerca da leitura. Nesta análise, de base qualitativa, apoiamo-nos em princípios da Análise de discurso, da História Cultural e dos Novos Estudos sobre Letramento. Entre as constatações, vimos que embora sejam leitores nem todos assim se reconhecem. A melhor compreensão do funcionamento desses discursos sobre a leitura, no âmbito do ensino, permite lidar com seu impacto sobre os processos de identificação desses jovens com essa prática, logo, com seu exercício.
Protección de los animales en Colombia. Debates jurídicos, políticos, económicos y en el territorio
Authors: Ramírez Lemus Jhaslen Ricardo , Mozo Montilla Yerly del Pilar , Bonilla Ballesteros Lorenzo Antonio ,   Fundación Animales sin Fronteras, Campo Baena Ingrid Jimena ,   Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Melo Parra Jessica Paola , Monsalve Mantilla Milton Dubán ,   Alcaldía municipal de Piedecuesta, Monsalve Mantilla Yesenia Andrea ,   Universidad Industrial de Santander, Peña Triana Laura Katerine ,   Universidad Industrial de Santander, Rojas Mora Milthon Mauricio ,   Universidad de La Salle, Santacruz Ordoñez Diana Marcela ,   Universidad del Cauca, Tobón Olano Álvaro Emilio ,   Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, García Lozano Luisa Fernanda ,   Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Gómez Patiño Dilia Paola ,   Universidad Militar Nueva Granada
Published: December 2021

This work aims to present a comprehensive overview of the state of the legal-political protection of animals in Colombia. The Colombian State is going through a period of institutional and socio-legal transformation. The once widespread model of the relationship between the legal system and animals as things or simple elements of the environment is being re-evaluated and a whole number of problems arise which must be addressed from new approaches and perspectives. This book focuses on topics such as crimes and misdemeanors, the use of animals for human consumption, animal used on research and testing, the use of animals for security purposes, the development of public policies and their interrelation with the movement of the civil society first from an analytical plane and then contextualized in different cities of Colombia.
Gridlines approach for dynamic analysis in speech ultrasound data: A multimodal app
Authors: Gonzalez Simon
Published: December 2021

Having access to efficient technologies is essential for the accurate description and analysis of articulatory speech patterns. In the area of tongue ultrasound studies, the visualization/analysis processes generally require a solid knowledge of programming languages as well as a deep understanding of articulatory phenomena. This demands the use of a variety of programs for an efficient use of the data collected. In this paper we introduce a multimodal app for visualizing and analyzing tongue contours: UVA—Ultrasound Visualization and Analysis. This app combines the computational power of R and the interactivity of Shiny web apps to allow users to manipulate and explore tongue ultrasound data using cutting-edge methods. One of the greatest strengths of the app is that it has the capability of being modified to adapt to users’ needs. This has potential as an innovative tool for diverse academic and industry audiences.
MODELING IN LAW
Authors:   Administration of the Khabarovsk Territory, Degtyarev M. V.
Published: December 2021

Introduction: the paper discusses the significance and relevance of the modeling method in law and legal activity, the concept and ontological features of modeling in law. We consider legal modeling to be not only a research method but also an activity involved in the transformation of legal systems, landscapes, and spaces. Being such an activity, it is applied in the design and assessment in rule making, in the ‘architecture’ of regulatory spaces being designed, is associated with such a technology, belonging to the ‘ecosystem’ of the latest regulatory technologies (LegalTech), as legal experiment. Purpose: on the basis of the general theory of modeling and a number of our own scientific hypotheses about the significance of applying the modeling method for ensuring the implementation of legislative activity (including as part of the processes of designing and implementing a legislative experiment), to explore the possibilities and tools of legal modeling, the essence and advantages of this instrumental-methodological approach, the types of modeling that are relevantly applicable as part of lawmaking activity and legal activity in general, the features and logic of modeling in lawmaking. Methods: analysis and synthesis, deduction, induction and abduction, classification and modeling, comparison and analogy, generalization, formalization and idealization, observation. Results: we have described and explained the nature, essence, ontological features, and instrumental support of the application of the modeling method in law and legal activity, the advantages and scope of its use, the variety of approaches and tools within this method, its relationship with the method of regulatory experiment. Conclusions: the method of legal modeling is related to the method of regulatory experiment, it is one of the promising relevant approaches to ensuring the preparation and implementation of a regulatory experiment and, at the same time, one of its supporting mechanisms. When applying modeling, it is possible to make the process of a regulatory experiment more predictable and adequate (due to the opportunity to choose the most correct ways of implementing such an experiment from the very beginning), to make it more initially calculated. Although modeling has long been known as a method applied in law and legal activity, so far it has demonstrated too few empirically valuable results and relevant theoretical generalizations at a serious level. It needs further development and support, especially with regard to the application of this method in combination with the method of regulatory experiment.
THE SUBJECT AREA OF INFORMATIZATION OF COURT DECISIONS
Authors:   Perm State University, Polyakov S. B. , Gilev I. A. ,   ООО ‘Organizatsionno-tekhnologicheskie resheniya 2000’ (Limited Liability Company)
Published: December 2021

Introduction: we have created an information technology support program, named ‘LaserIP-GPK-2020’, designed to provide assistance in making reasoned court decisions according to the rules of the Civil Procedure Code of the Russian Federation in ordinary proceedings. With the help of this program, we demonstrate in the paper the complexity of the law enforcement process for a person and the assistance that software can provide to overcome this complexity. The paper shows the subject area of the information system created by us, outlines the ways of further enhancement of software intended to facilitate law enforcement, and challenges the myths about the robot judge. Purpose: to determine the possible types of software to be developed in accordance with the types of law enforcement operations, provided that the discretion function remains with law enforcement officers; to determine the directions of the formalization of law enforcement operations and the possibilities of gradual transfer of some of them to artificial intelligence. Methods: the universal dialectical-materialistic method, employed when converting the law enforcement process into the language of information technology; analysis and synthesis of the law enforcement process, the formal-legal method – for converting the requirements of law and legal science to law enforcement into software commands for the judge and the parties to the case; the object-oriented approach to modeling; the object-oriented programming methodology, a relational approach to database design. Results: the ‘Laser-IPGPK-2020’ computer program contains a sequence of law enforcement operations and rules for their execution, the multiplicity and complexity of which exceeds the capabilities of most law enforcement officers. This program is designed to prevent law enforcement errors resulting from the limited human capabilities with regard to retaining knowledge of the multitude of rules of law enforcement operations, and to obviate the expenditure of time required for each individual judge to solely produce a reasoned decision in a case. Conclusion: the selection and development of particular IT solutions to be applied in law enforcement practice when solving legal cases are determined by the analysis of the law enforcement process, which is the subject area of the program.
THE CONSTITUTIONAL PRINCIPLE OF PROPORTIONALITY: A LEGAL-DOGMATIC METHOD
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University, Dolzhikov A. V.
Published: December 2021

Introduction: the paper develops a thesis about the interdependence between the interdisciplinary approach and the method of legal-dogmatic research on proportionality. The dogmatic method makes it possible to define the essence of this principle provided that research relies on judicial practice. Methods: the paper applies the technique of conceptual jurisprudence as one of the most common forms of dogmatic methodology. The purpose of the research was to provide systematic and coherent analysis of the principle of proportionality with the application of the legal-dogmatic method. With this purpose in view, the paper is divided into three sections. The first section starts with the comparison of two concepts most commonly used in Russian legal science –sorazmernost’ (which translates into English as proportionality, but linguistically closer to the word ‘commensurability’) and proportsional’nost’ (proportionality). The second section discusses the concepts of legislative reconciliation and judicial balancing of conflicting interests. Finally, the third section analyzes two opposite but interacting forms of the principle of commensurability/proportionality – the prohibition of excessiveness and the prohibition of insufficiency. Results: the paper provides arguments for the use of the term commensurability (sorazmernost’) in Russian national jurisprudence as a generic concept. The term proportionality (proportsional’nost’) is of a foreign origin. It could be used as a synonym of the term commensurability as applied to the English-language or international model of this principle. The concept of reconciliation can be considered to cover the sphere of lawmaking, while the term balancing can be applied in relation to judicial weighing of private and public interests. These two conceptual models predetermine the difference in legitimacy of the parliamentary and judicial application of commensurability. The paper also argues that two functions of commensurability are complementary. One of them is reflected in the classic liberal prohibition of excessiveness, which aims to prevent government interference in the individual freedoms. According to the other function, which emerged later, commensurability prohibits the passivity of public authorities in the protection of constitutional rights (prohibition of insufficiency). The difference between the two functions of commensurability is expressed in the distinction between the corresponding negative and positive obligations of the government. We come to a conclusion that legal dogmatics should not become an end in itself, turning into formalism and scholastic disputes about concepts. Of more significance are the social consequences to which the application of certain concepts in constitutional adjudication leads.
THE IDENTITY OF RUSSIAN CIVIL LAW IN THE CONTEXT OF CONCEPTUALIZING THE CIVIL LAW CULTURE
Authors:   Ural State Law University, Bublik V. A. , Semyakin M. N. ,   Ural State Law University
Published: December 2021

Introduction: the problems related to the identity of Russian civil law as considered in connection with the legal culture of civil law are practically unexplored. The purpose of the study was to define the criteria characterizing the identity of Russian civil law and their relevance as well as to present arguments for their application in the conceptualization of the civil law culture. Methods: a variety of research methodologies associated with the consideration of the criteria characterizing the identity of social phenomena as a factor of the national culture conceptualization; a variety of approaches, including philosophical, psychological, sociological, cultural, and historical ones. Results: we have compiled a list of criteria characterizing the civil law identity and correlated with the theoretical concept of ‘civil law culture’, and conducted a monitoring of these criteria on the basis of search queries made in social networking services, platforms and applications such as VKontakte, Twitter, and YouTube. The monitoring results indicate high demand for legal content and information, effective practices of conceptualizing the civil law culture among the users. The interest in the content concerning the civil law culture is associated with the increasing legal consciousness of people, with the current situation characterized by variability and intensive reformation of civil legislation, which entails continuously updating knowledge about legislation. Conclusions: the identity of civil law is represented by a number of aspects, one of which is the civil law culture, possessing educational potential that is significant in the development of personal legal culture, its cognitive and practice-oriented constituents.
ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF HEALTH TOURISM IN THE ALTAI TERRITORY ACCORDING TO A QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEY
Authors:   Altai State University, Dunets Alexander N. , Semenova Zoya A. ,   Saint Petersburg State University, Akimov Oleg S. ,   Altai State University, Grudtcyn Nikolai A. ,   The Bonch-Bruevich St. Petersburg State University of Telecommunications, Chistobaev Anatoly I. ,   North-West Institute of Management RANEPA
Published: December 2021

The article analyzes the results of a survey conducted in 2019–2020 among the clients of the Altai Territory health resort complex. Special attention is paid to the objects of medical and health tourism that are part of Bolshaya Belokurikha (the town and three municipal districts – Altaisky, Smolensky and Soloneshensky). The paper presents the structure of the tourist cluster of medical and health-improving services, describes the natural-ecological, economic-infrastructural and socio-cultural elements of the tourist cluster. Analysis of 1,700 responses to the questionnaires sent to the sanatoriums revealed the most preferred types of services for tourists in the sanatoriums of the region (by target activities – treatment with mineral baths, by related activities – massage). According to the results of the survey, satisfaction with the quality of medical services was 97%, with professionalism of medical personnel – 96%, with medical procedures – 93%, with entertainment programs – 87,9%, and with children's entertainment – 67,9%. Among the main problems in the development of health-improving tourism is the insufficient number of accommodation facilities for SPA and Wellness, VIP-segment tourists, tourist activities of a health-improving nature, including those for children. A positive image of the Bolshaya Belokurikha health resort cluster has developed in the country. Further development of the complex is linked to the need to organize a public-private partnership in the creation and operation of health tourism facilities in the Altai Territory.
STATISTICAL MODELS FOR FORECASTING AVERAGE MONTHLY TEMPERATURE AND MONTHLY PRECIPITATION AMOUNT IN PERM
Authors:   Perm State University, Aptukov Valery N. , Mitin Victor Yu. ,   Perm State University
Published: December 2021

The article proposes an approach to forecasting mean temperature and total precipitation for the upcoming month, based on the study of the regularities of the influence of statistical characteristics of temperature and precipitation of previous periods on them. Among the predictors, along with the basic statistical characteristics, we use the fractality index which is an indicator of the randomness/ determinism of the climate series. Within the framework of this approach, we have developed models of different levels to predict the temperature and total precipitation amount in the upcoming month. The main parameters of these models are described and the possibilities of their variation are indicated. Examples are given to illustrate the forecasting methodology using various types of models and include the results of quality control of the models, calculation of forecast accuracy and dependence of forecast accuracy of average temperature and precipitation on the month (climate season). When tested in 2020, models for forecasting temperature and precipitation for the upcoming month give good results: 9 correct forecasts of temperature anomalies out of 10 (90%) and 7 correct forecasts of precipitation anomalies out of 9 (77,7%).
ANALYSIS OF VERTICAL MOVEMENTS OF AIR OVER THE ATLANTIC-EUROPEAN SECTOR
Authors:   Voronezh State University ", Akimov Leonid M. ,   VSU"
Published: December 2021

On the basis of the calculated Laplacians of the geopotential 1000hPa, the features of the spatial and temporal distribution of vertical current fields at the surface of the earth in the northern hemisphere over the Atlantic-European sector, limited by longitudes of 90o w.l. – 90o e.l., in different seasons of the year and revealed their temporal dynamics. Greater temporal stability of the spatial position of the elements of vertical air movement is noted. Their directionality remains unchanged in different seasons of the year, with a slight change in flow intensity over time. It was revealed that the intensity of vertical streams in high latitudes is 1,5–2 times higher than in low latitudes.
THE 1982 UNITED NATIONS LAW OF THE SEA CONVENTION: UNRESOLVED ISSUES REMAIN
Authors: George Barrie
Published: December 2021

Despite the 1982 United Nations Law of the Sea Convention (UNCLOS) being generally viewed as one of the major successes of United Nations treaty-making, unresolved issues remain. These range from maritime boundary disputes to straight baselines to artificial islands to military activities in the exclusive economic zone to environmental issues. Four decades have altered the fundamental nature of the regime relating to the law of the sea and have created major implementational challenges. The oceans are becoming more crowded by competitive human activities and, as technology progresses and geopolitical shifts occur, it has become imperative that the unresolved issues be resolved. In so doing UNCLOS’s initial vision can be augmented. This article focuses on five of the more problematic unresolved issues.
THE RELIEF PROVIDED TO A COMPLAINANT UNDER SECTION 163(1)(a) OF THE 2008 COMPANIES ACT: AN EXAMINATION OF THE CRITERION WITH REFERENCE TO PEEL v HAMON J&C ENGINEERING (PTY) LTD
Authors: Simphiwe S Bidie
Published: December 2021

The remedies in favour of minority shareholders that have developed over the years have been informed by the discriminatory manner in which the proper-plaintiff rule has been applied within the management of companies, in disregard of the rights and interests of minority shareholders. Broadly, section 163(1) of the Companies Act 71 of 2008 accords shareholders or directors of a company three circumstances in which they have rights to apply to court for relief. One ground for application is that an act or omission of a company, or a related person, has had a result that is oppressive or unfairly prejudicial to, or that unfairly disregards the interests of, the applicant. From the contemporary debates and court decisions consulted, it is clear that the criterion that complainants must satisfy under section 163(1) – “any act or omission of the company, or a related person, has had a result”, – and the manner in which parties must go about meeting such criterion, is not yet settled. The intention of this paper is to analyse and examine this criterion. The paper seeks to contribute to the debate by using the case of Peel v Hamon J&C Engineering (Pty) Ltd as the point of reference. The case is pertinent because it touches on all the elements that must be satisfied under section 163(1). Secondly, much as the decision is supported, it seems an error of law was made in one aspect of the decision.
Quelle stratégie pédagogique depuis l’anthropocène ?
Authors: LANDIVAR Diego
Published: December 2021

Dans cet article, nous suggérons que la confrontation des systèmes pédagogiques à l’anthropocène et la catastrophe écologique ne peut se réduire à une affaire de contenus ou de situations pédagogiques expérimentales. Bien que ces deux leviers soient absolument nécessaires, il convient également d’interroger la stratégie institutionnelle de nos établissements. L’anthropocène vient en effet bousculer l’idée d’une neutralité axiologique caractérisant nos institutions et pratiques pédagogiques. Plutôt que de revenir à des réflexes purement critiques, il conviendrait alors de bâtir des stratégies pragmatiques incluant de nouvelles formes de gouvernance capables d’organiser la synchronisation de nos élans projectifs pédagogiques avec les situations terrestres critiques.
Reflecting сonceptual relationships in the quasisymbol dictionary
Authors:   Tula State Lev Tolstoy Pedagogical University, Tokarev Grigoriy.V.
Published: December 2021

The article deals with the problem of creating a dictionary of quasisymbols of Russian linguoculture. Special attention is paid to lexicography of conceptual connections of quasisimwoles.
Historical toponymy of the Perm region: problems of lexicographic description
Authors:   Institute for Linguistic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bobrova Maria V. , Polyakova Elena N. ,   Perm State University
Published: December 2021

A number of problems of lexicographic description of historical toponyms of the Perm region are identified. The solution of these questions predetermined the structure of the dictionary article «Materials of monuments of the XVI – beginning of the XVIII century for the toponymic dictionary of the Perm region», which are currently being prepared by the authors of this abstracts for publication.
The Dictionary of everyday Russian language of Moscow Russia of the XVI–XVII centuries as a source of linguistic and philological research
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Vasiljeva Olga V.
Published: December 2021

Work on the Dictionary of everyday Russian language of Moscow Russia of the XVI–XVII centuries has been going on since the end of the 20th century. During this time, about 200 works on historical lexicology and other related topics have been written based on the Dictionary.
Project of «Comparisons Dictionary» based on the embassy reports of the 17th century
Authors:   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Kazakevich Olga A.
Published: December 2021

The report is focused on the project "Comparisons Dictionary", which is being prepared using sources from three embassy reports on trips to China in the 17th century. It introduces comparative structures of the Russian business language of this period, highlights the criteria for selecting sources, tasks and general principles of constructing a dictionary, the structure of a dictionary entry.
Dictionary of Old Russian Plant Names (11th-17th сс.): Its Sources and Principles of Lexicographic Representation
Authors:   Institute for Linguistic Studies RAS, Kovalenko Kira I. , Kolosova Valeria B. ,   Institute for Linguistic Studies RAS
Published: December 2021

Dictionary of Old Russian Plant Names (11th-17th сс.) is a logical continuation of the Phytolex database, which contains the names of plants recorded in the Russian literature of the 11th-17h centuries. The paper is discussing the key points concerning the representation of phytonyms in the dictionary.
The History of the Word in the Historical Dictionary
Authors:   Institute for Linguistic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Malysheva Irina А.
Published: December 2021

The report discusses the problems of representing word history and the dynamics of lexical composition in a historical dictionary. Possibilities and different ways of showing fate are analyzed on the example of the Dictionary of 18th century Russian language. In the 18th century, there were active processes of development and changes in the vocabulary of the Russian language.
Names of people by trade and their representation in historical terminography
Authors:   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Starikova Galina N.
Published: December 2021

The report is devoted to the presentation in historical dictionaries of names of a person by type of professional occupation. It contains an overview of a number of special lexicographic works that include this group of words, and also provides fragments of the author's dictionary of names of people by trade on the material of the Russian language (the end of the XVIth – XVIIth c.).
The First Historical Derivational Dictionary of the Russian Language
Authors:   Institute of the Russian Language, Ulitova Anastasiya S. ,   “Synergy” University
Published: December 2021

The paper is dedicated to the first historical derivational dictionary of the Russian language «Drevoslov», which is being created by a team of scientists headed by A.M. Kamchatnov. The dictionary exists in an electronic form (http://www.drevoslov.ru), because it helps to disprove pseudoscientific theories (M.Zadornov, V.Chudinov's works).
Foreign language linguistic databases in the digital dictionary of metaphors
Authors:   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Avramenko Olesya V.
Published: December 2021

The model of lexicographic description of English, Italian and Kazakh language figurative means explicating metaphorical rethinking of the gastronomic sphere phenomena in the digital “Multilingual Dictionary of Metaphors” is presented.
Ideographic Dictionary of a Dialectal Linguistic Personality
Authors:   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Zemicheva Svetlana S.
Published: December 2021

The case of creating an electronic idiolectic dictionary of the ideographic type based on the speech records of the Russian Siberian dialect speaker is presented. The features of the dictionary are briefly characterized. The potential of its use within the framework of the cognitive research paradigm is described.
About project of an electronic ideographic dictionary from Arkhangelsk dialect
Authors:   Moscow State University, Nefedova Elena A. , Kovrigina Elena A. ,   Moscow State University
Published: December 2021

The “Ideographic Dictionary of Arkhangelsk Dialects” is intended to reflect both the linguistic characteristics of the region and popular ideas about the most important spheres of human life and activities. The main task of the Dictionary is to present all the diversity and richness of the traditional peasant culture and language of the inhabitants of the Russian North. The electronic format of the Dictionary facilitates access to it not only for specialists in the field of dialectology, ethnolinguistics, folkloristics and cultural studies, but also for a wider range of users.
Linguomethodological principles of creating modern educational bilingual dictionaries
Authors:   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Zhunussova Zhanyl N.
Published: December 2021

In recent years, lexicographic activity has intensified to develop the theoretical principles of educational ideographic dictionaries intended for repatriate students. The vocabulary material contributes to their quick adaptation to the social and communicative space.
Electronic dictionary of variants based on the text corpus
Authors:   V.V. Vinogradov Russian Language Institute, Savchuk Svetlana O.
Published: December 2021

Electronic dictionary of variants is being created on the basis of the texts of the 18th -20th century in the Russian National Corpus. For its formation the list of the unidentified word-forms supplied with hypothetic lemmas is used. The database of these word-forms gives valuable material for the analysis of the orthographic, phonetic and grammar variation.
Value Ideas in the Linguistic Consciousness of Kazakhstanis (based on the experience of developing an associative dictionary)
Authors:   Pavlodar State Pedagogical University, Agmanova Atirkul Ye. , Zhuravleva Yevgeniya A. ,   L.N.Gumilyov Eurasian National University
Published: December 2021

The report is devoted to the experience of developing an associative dictionary «Multicultural Kazakhstan: Value Ideas In the Linguistic Consciousness of Ethnic Groups». Interpretation of the data of a free associative experiment conducted among representatives of ten ethnic groups allows studying trends in the development of linguistic consciousness of ethnic groups in a multicultural society.
Russian-Bulgarian Topical Classifier: Cross-Cultural Description
Authors:   Pushkin State Russian Language Institute, Bragina Natalia G. ,   Russian State University for the Humanities
Published: December 2021

The paper discusses the general principles of building a Russian-Bulgarian Topical Classifier, in which the comparative description of closely related linguo-cultures should be done.
The role of specialized vocabulary in interpretation activities secondary linguistic personali
Authors:   Tomsk State Pedagogical University, Wang Xinghua , Kurjanovich Anna V. ,   Tomsk State Pedagogical University
Published: December 2021

We are talking about the original specialized dictionary as a way of interpreting the meaning, pragmatics and features of the functioning of slang words as linguistic, speech, linguocultural units representing a fragment of the modern Russian world view in the reception of a secondary linguistic personality.
Intellectual activity and its characteristics in the Russian language (by the dictionary of synonymic and antonymic sets)
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Voronina Tatyana M.
Published: December 2021

The report analyzes semantics of lexical units representing intellectual activity by focusing on the relations of identity and contrast. The analysis uses the data of the ideographic dictionary of synonymic and antonymic sets (project led by Prof. L.G. Babenko).
Active processes in Russian author lexicography
Authors:   Vinogradov Russian Language Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Shestakova Larisa L.
Published: December 2021

The active processes observed in modern Russian author lexicography are considered. A review of dictionaries and an analysis of scientific literature show that such processes include: the complication of the internal structure of the author lexicography, the modification of some traditional vocabulary genres, preparation of new types of author dictionaries, etc.
Dictionary of Linguocultural types: on defining the boundaries of a dictionary entry
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Technical University, Dubrovskaya Elena M.
Published: December 2021

At least 150 different linguocultural types (LCTs) have been described so far and research in this area is ongoing. We consider it expedient to systematize the available material in the form of a dictionary of linguocultural types. In this article, an attempt is made to define the boundaries of a dictionary entry of LCT.
Reflection of ordinary metalinguistic awareness in bilingual motivational and comparative vocabulary: intercultural dialogue
Authors:   Kokshetau University named after Sh. Ualikhanov, Zhakupova Aygul D.
Published: December 2021

The report will present the "Motivational and comparative dictionary of the names of plants and birds", which explicates the metalinguistic awareness as verbalized responds of the informants. The dictionary allows identifying the features of the national linguistic view of the world and plays a special role in solving relevant issues of intercultural communication.
The explanatory etymological dictionary of the latest foreign vocabulary in the modern student sociolect
Authors:   I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Savilova Svetlana L. , Shchitova Olga G. ,   Tomsk Polytechnic University
Published: December 2021

The project of the explanatory etymological dictionary of the latest foreign vocabulary in the modern student sociolect is presented. Main principles of the dictionary compilation, thematic groups of lexical units, and the structure of the dictionary article are presented. Lexical units previously unrecorded in the terminological dictionaries and the National Corpus of the Russian Language are analyzed.
“Intertextual vocabulary of modern Russian”: paradigmatic relations of intertextual units
Authors:   Vinogradov Russian Language Institute of the RAS, Voznesenskaya Maria M. , Fokina Olga V. ,   Vinogradov Russian Language Institute of the RAS, Shmeleva Elena Ya. ,   Vinogradov Russian Language Institute of the RAS
Published: December 2021

This paper deals with the structure and principles for constructing a new dictionary with a tentative title Intertextual Vocabulary of Modern Russian. One of the characteristics of the dictionary is the presence of references reflecting the paradigmatic relations of intertextual units.
Dictionaries of the XXI century: general outlines of the lexicographic space
Authors:   Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Chernyak Valentina D. , Kozyrev Vladimir A. ,   Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia
Published: December 2021

The report shows that dictionaries and encyclopedias form a rapidly developing fragment of the information field. The outlines of modern lexicography have changed significantly due to the implementation of new information technologies. The presented analysis of the XXI century dictionaries reflects new trends in theoretical and practical aspects of the modern lexicography.
Current problems of composing M.V. Lomonosov’s language dictionary
Authors:   Institute for Linguistic Studies RAS, Volkov Sergey S. , Kareva Natalia V. ,   Institute for Linguistic Studies RAS, Matveev Evgeniy M. ,   Institute for Linguistic Studies RAS, Smirnova Anna S. ,   Institute for Linguistic Studies RAS, Sharihina Milia G. ,   Institute for Linguistic Studies RAS
Published: December 2021

The report provides а problem of compiling the author's historical dictionary, the object of which will be the documents of the personal scientific archive of M.V. Lomonosov. The main purpose of this new lexicographical project will be the study of terminological, dialect and vernacular vocabulary in the idiolect of M.V. Lomonosov.
The Dictionary of the Russian language in abroad as a mirror of the Russian emigration (about the new vocabulary project)
Authors:   Tomsk State University of Architecture and Building, Oglezneva Elena A.
Published: December 2021

The report is devoted to the project of the dictionary of the Russian language abroad, reflecting the functioning of the Russian language outside the metropolis during the XX century. The urgency of creating such a dictionary is due to the need to reflect the Russian language abroad as one of the forms of existence of the Russian language.
“Russian verbs: semantics and grammar” dictionary: results of work and perspectives
Authors:   Vinogradov Russian Language Institute (RAS), Onipenko Nadezhda K. , Nikitina Elena N. ,   FRC CSC (RAS)
Published: December 2021

The paper proposes lexicographic parameters of Russian verbs description in a dictionary of semantics and grammar. The paper pays special attention to connection between semantic clustering of verbs and their morphologic paradigm.
John Sinclair’s legacy as the basis for creating a new type of terminological dictionary
Authors:   Siberian Federal University, Razumovskaya Veronica A. , Kononova Valentina A. ,   Siberian Federal University
Published: December 2021

The work is devoted to the scientific legacy of J. Sinclair in the context of the emergence and development of corpus lexicography and the creation of terminological dictionaries of a new type. The article describes the experience of creating a companion-dictionary for students specializing in economics.