bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Awareness and Utilization of Health Services By Caregivers of Patients With Maladaptive Behavior
Authors: Pring Cecilia C. , Magnaye Bella P.
Published: October 2012

A professional help is needed before a person can be declared as mentally ill. It is quite alarming that there are unreported cases of mental illness that needed help but people are afraid to seek consultation for fear of social stigma. This study aimed to assess the level of awareness and utilization of mental health services by caregivers of patients with maladaptive behaviour in Batangas Province. Descriptive type of research was used in this study. Data were collected through the use of a structured questionnaire and interview. The data were analysed using weighted mean. Results indicate that most of the patients with maladaptive behaviour were aged 35-44 years. Majority of them were male coming from the lower socioeconomic level. It was also found out that caregivers were aware of the different health services offered by the Department of Health; however, not all of them were available in the medical institution where they seek consultation. The only government hospital with mental health services in Batangas Province is the Regional Hospital situated in Batangas City. The study concluded that health services which should be available to patients were not fully implemented.   Keywords - mental health, maladaptive behaviour, awareness, caregiver, health services
Employment of Radiologic Technology Graduates of the Lyceum University of the Philippines – Batangas
Authors: Valdez Anacleta P.
Published: October 2012

A ten-year tracer study of Radiologic Technology graduates of Lyceum of the Philippines University SY 1997-2007 using a survey-structured questionnaire was conducted to examine retrospective contribution of their education to their current work. The objectives of the study included the determination of graduates’ job-placement profile; how relevant are school-related factors like curriculum, instruction, faculty; student services; organization and administration, physical plant, facilities and laboratories to the job placement; the determination of what skills developed while at school are considered useful in meeting the demands of their present work and the formulation of a program that will enhance the relevance of the college curriculum and services. A total of 97/122 (80%) graduates responded where 78% (76/97) are certified licensed radiographers. All respondents were employed on a full-time basis aligned to the program. The following were found to be very relevant in meeting the demands of their jobs: curriculum, instruction, competencies of the faculty, student services, organization and administrative services.Furthermore, the intellectual, communication and interpersonal skills, competencies, and workrelated values they learned and developed while at school as well as the performance in written and oral assessment of the employers were considered the most important contributing factors in seeking employment after graduation.   Keywords - Radiologic Technology, tracer study, employment
Tourism Industry of Batangas Province, Philippines: Basis for Improved Tourism Program
Authors: Vizconde Angelie Marie L. , Felicen Sevilla S.
Published: October 2012

The goal of this research is to help improve the tourism program of Batangas Province and evaluate competitiveness of the tourism sector companies by helping them on their environmental performance and engage them in community action. The LPU’s College of International Tourism and Hospitality Management (CITHM) being the most awarded hospitality school in the country today aims to produce globally competitive graduates who will be able to contribute to the expansion, enrichment and preservation of the tradition and culture of the Batangueños. This research was conceptualized to help develop the tourism industry in the province of Batangas. This study used the descriptive research design and respondents were different local and foreign tourists who visited destinations in the province of Batangas from January -December, 2008. A self- made questionnaire was used as the basic tool of investigation and interview was also done. Results revealed that the most frequently visited attraction are beach resorts for it is a venue for diving and aqua sports activity. Majority of the local and foreign tourists who visited Batangas are male. Batangas is visited due to the affordability of the tourist attractions and destinations including the amenities offered. Either local or foreign tourists were satisfied and enjoyed visiting beaches due to the warm accommodation of the Filipino staff and personnel.   Keywords - Tourist, Tourism, Destination
Potentials of Ecotourism around Shella, East Khasi Hills District, Meghalaya.
Authors: Pyngrope Bathsheba Goswami
Published: October 2012

The area around Shella selected for the present study is an interesting area with an evolutionary history, uniqueness and individuality of its own. The study area has great potential for ecotourism owing to the presence of a rolling topography, vast hills and deep valleys and associated landforms with varied and complex features. The area also has dissected plateaus, scarp zones with numerous waterfalls and flood plains. As this area is located very close to the Bangladesh border, no study related to development of ecotourism, has so far been carried out particularly in this area; therefore, an attempt is made to assess the landscape from an aesthetic point of view as a means to identify sites or places of tourist destination. The area is also known for its rich biodiversity of the oriental region, where a variety of indigenous flora and fauna are encountered, some of which are rare in the world. The area is also known for its rich culture and tradition which usually have a very strong bondage with the natural environment. Physical features have attracted man from time immemorial, and many of the features that make a landscape attractive are mostly of Geomorphological interests. In fact, the most attractive place of tourist interest is the geomorphic sites such as escarpments, waterfalls, rivers, gorges, etc. The physical landscape can be considered like any other natural resource which can be used for recreational purposes. The landscape and its associated features of the study area shall be investigated and assessed from an aesthetic point of view to identify and record ecotourism destination. Keywords - ecotourism, potentials, aesthetic, southern slope, geomorphic features, attractions
Safety in Indian Coal Mines – Where Do We Go from Here
Authors: Paul Partha Sarathi
Published: October 2012

The 20th century has experienced a considerable amount of success in coal mine safety in India. The mining industry has for many years focused on injury prevention at the workplace through procedures and training, and has achieved considerable success. However, the statistics on major accident events such as fatalities and reportable incidents has not shown the corresponding levels of improvement. In the area of major hazards control, the mining industry approach has emphasized mainly on past experiences and lessons learnt, while other high hazard industries such as the chemical process industry and oil and gas industry have taken system safety techniques to new highs. A literature review on quantitative analysis of mine safely studies revealed that numerous investigators explored a wide- range of techniques, including the investigation of bivariate and multivariate statistical models. It is inferred that the use of these quantitative techniques can provide a new direction of research in mine-safety studies. The important aspect, which was explored in this study through structural equation modeling, is the sequential interrelationships amongst the personal, social, and technical factors leading to accident/injury causation. Interestingly, the accidentinvolved workers are more job stressed, more job dissatisfied and hence, less job involved and often get bored with their jobs. The level of dissatisfaction in mines is quite expected. Further research should be performed using national data set so that the findings can be generalized to all segments of the mining industry.   Keywords - Mine Safety, Quantitative Risk Analysis, Structural Equation Modeling, Personal, Social and Technical Factors
Upland Tenurial Program for Environment and Natural Resources Governance: The Northern Luzon Experience
Authors: Pascua Rogelio P. , Iglesias Imelda V.
Published: October 2012

The need to properly manage watersheds is more pressing now than it has ever been. The increasing demand for water, timber, land, and other valuable watershed resources alongside the worsening negative impacts of local and global phenomena have brought the necessity for sustainable watershed management to a higher level. This study focused on the effectiveness of three upland tenurial programs in Northern Luzon like Community-Based Forest Management (CBFM), Muyung Resource Permit (MRP), and TREE for Legacy (TFL). The study used the descriptive comparative and predictive, quantitative, and qualitative methods of research with structured questionnaire and an interview. The study found that The CBFM and TFL programs were “very effective”. The implementers of TFL and CBFM program have higher degree of competence compared to the muyung resource permit program. The program involvement and participation of the stakeholders from the TFL and CBFM programs were higher than the program involvement and participation of the MRP stakeholders. The TFL and CBFM programs were more effective compared to MRP program. There were five variables that are considered as best predictors of effectiveness of the tenurial programs. These were the “government/institutional support”, “program planning and development”, “capability development”, “program monitoring” and “communication methods and techniques”.   Keywords - Muyung Resource Permit, TREE for Legacy, Community-Based Forest Management Program, Ttenurial Progam
Major Gaps in the Cascade of Care for Opioid Use Disorder
Authors: Arwady M. Allison , Delphin-Rittmon Miriam , Volkow Nora D.
Published: June 2024

This Viewpoint examines a recent report that used data from the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health to estimate the opioid cascade of care, a framework to characterize the adult US populations who needed and received opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment, as well as discusses ways in which clinicians can close gaps in care.
A combination of protein phosphatase 2A inhibition and checkpoint immunotherapy: a perfect storm
Authors: Clark Mary C. , Lu Rongze Olivia , Ho Winson S. , Dias Matheus Henrique , Bernards René , Forman Stephen J.
Published: June 2024

Immune checkpoint blockade has emerged as a potent new tool in the war on cancer. However, only a subset of cancer patients benefit from this therapeutic modality, sparking a search for combination therapies to increase the fraction of responding patients. We argue here that inhibition of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a promising approach to increase responses to immune checkpoint blockade and other therapies that rely on the presence of tumor‐reactive T cells. Inhibition of PP2A increases neoantigen expression on tumor cells, activates the cGAS/STING pathway, suppresses regulatory T cells, and increases cytotoxic T cell activation. In preclinical models, inhibition of PP2A synergizes with immune checkpoint blockade and emerging evidence indicates that patients who have tumors with mutations in PP2A respond better to immune checkpoint blockade. Therefore, inhibition of PP2A activity may be an effective way to sensitize cancer cells to immune checkpoint blockade and cell‐based therapies using tumor‐reactive T cells.
Ultrahigh Dielectric Energy Density and Efficiency in PEI‐Based Gradient Layered Polymer Nanocomposite
Authors: Dang Zhener , Lin Ying , Yuan Qibin , Li Xinyi , Zhang Yongjing , Ma Yanlong , Wang Yi , Yang Qiaoyu , Wang Yifei , Yang Haibo
Published: June 2024

Dielectrics with high‐energy‐storage performance are highly desired for increasing compact‐size energy storage, and integration of modern power electronics. However, an ever‐existing challenge is to achieve both high efficiency (η) and high energy density (Ue). Here, a gradient‐layered (five‐layer) polyetherimide (PEI)‐based nanocomposite is presented. Different from traditional layered structures (modulation of filler volume fraction), multistage gradient interfaces are constructed by modulating the particle sizes of barium titanate nanoparticles (BaTiO3 NPs) to decrease sequentially from top to bottom. In this structure, three BaTiO3 NPs/PEI layers are clamped by two boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs)/PEI layers. It is demonstrated that the gradient structure can suppress breakdown and confer high interfacial polarization, simultaneously. Consequently, the nanocomposite possesses an enhanced Ue of 16.38 J cm−3, and an ultrahigh η of 97.79%, far exceeding previously reported polymer nanocomposites. Furthermore, this nanocomposite also demonstrates satisfactory high‐temperature energy storage performances, achieving a Ue of 7.36 J cm−3 and an η of 83.12% at 150 °C. This gradient layered structure design opens a new way to explore high‐performance dielectric polymer nanocomposite with both ultrahigh Ue and η.
Ultra‐Stable Zinc Anodes Facilitated by Hydrophilic Polypropylene Separators with Large Scale Production Capacity
Authors: Zhu Xiaoqing , Xu Zhenming , Zhang Tao , Zhang Jia , Guo Yinfeng , Shan Minghui , Wang Kunhe , Shi Tongna , Cui Guoshi , Wang Fei , Xu Guiyin , Zhu Meifang
Published: June 2024

Electrochemical Performance of aqueous Zn‐ion batteries (AZIBs) is prominently constrained by poor stability of zinc‐metal anodes. However, the use of conventional aqueous separators unfavorable to the uniform deposition of Zn metal and restricted cell cycle life, has hindered the large‐scale application of such battery systems. Here, a separator with hydrophobic/hydrophilic structural domains (marked as PP‐g‐AA) is reported, where the polypropylene (PP) polymer backbone permits partial blockage of water molecules and prevent side reactions, and the carboxyl functional groups in the grafted acrylic acid (AA) facilitate to well regulate the interfacial electric field and Zn2+ ion concentration field, thus remarkably promotes homogenization of zinc ion flux, achieving dendritic‐free deposition of Zn2+. Moreover, the PP‐g‐AA separator sustains a long‐term cycling over 4000 h at a current density of 2 mA cm−2 with a high Coulombic efficiency of 99.6% achieved in Zn||Cu cells, which if assembled into Zn||Zn0.27V2O5·nH2O (ZVO) cells would yield ≈100% retention for 1000 cycles. This research highlights that the strategy opens up a new avenue based on PP‐g‐AA for further decreasing the cost and promoting the industrial application of AZIBs.
The Effects of Biomimetic Surface Topography on Vascular Cells: Implications for Vascular Conduits
Authors: Conner Abigail A. , David Dency , Yim Evelyn K.F.
Published: June 2024

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality worldwide and represent a pressing clinical need. Vascular occlusions are the predominant cause of CVD and necessitate surgical interventions such as bypass graft surgery to replace the damaged or obstructed blood vessel with a synthetic conduit. Synthetic small‐diameter vascular grafts (sSDVGs) are desired to bypass blood vessels with an inner diameter <6 mm yet have limited use due to unacceptable patency rates. The incorporation of biophysical cues such as topography onto the sSDVG biointerface can be used to mimic the cellular microenvironment and improve outcomes. In this review, the utility of surface topography in sSDVG design is discussed. First, the primary challenges that sSDVGs face and the rationale for utilizing biomimetic topography are introduced. The current literature surrounding the effects of topographical cues on vascular cell behavior in vitro is reviewed, providing insight into which features are optimal for application in sSDVGs. The results of studies that have utilized topographically‐enhanced sSDVGs in vivo are evaluated. Current challenges and barriers to clinical translation are discussed. Based on the wealth of evidence detailed here, substrate topography offers enormous potential to improve the outcome of sSDVGs and provide therapeutic solutions for CVDs.
Low Voltage High Polarization by Optimizing Scavenged WNxInterfacial Capping Layer at the Ru/HfxZr1‐xO2Interface and Evidence of Fatigue Mechanism
Authors: Aich Abhijit , Senapati Asim , Lou Zhao‐Feng , Chen Yi‐Pin , Huang Shih‐Yin , Maikap Siddheswar , Lee Min‐Hung , Liu Chee Wee
Published: June 2024

In this study, the double remnant polarization (2Pr) is enhanced from ≈2 to 25 µC cm−2at a low applied voltage of ±2 V (or from 10 to 35 µC cm−2at a voltage of ±4 V) by decreasing the WNxinterfacial capping layer (ICL) thickness from 6 to 2 nm in a novel Ru/WNxICL/Hf0.5Zr0.5O2(HZO)/TiN structure after annealing at 400 °C in a furnace. This occurs because of the higher orthorhombic (o) plus rhombohedral (r) phases (>70%), which is analyzed by geometrical phase analysis (GPA) of high‐resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) images. An optimized 2 nm WNxICL memory capacitor shows a low coercive field (Ec) of 1.27 MV cm−1and long endurance of > 109cycles (remaining 2Prvalue of 13.5 µC cm−2) under a low field stress of ±2 MV cm−1and 0.1 µs hold pulse width (or ≈1.67 MHz). Even this long endurance of > 109cycles is obtained by applying a higher stress of ±2 MV cm−1, 1 MHz, or 100 kHz. Under ±3 MV cm−1stress, the mechanism is caused by m‐phase growth from both the HZO/TiN bottom electrode (BE) and WNxICL/HZO interfaces, which is evidenced by HRTEM images after 2 × 107cycles for the first time.
Controlled Surface Decoration with Functional Supramolecular Nanofibers by Physical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Schröder Dennis , Kreger Klaus , Mansfeld Ulrich , Schmidt Hans‐Werner
Published: June 2024

Surface decoration of support structures by physical vapor deposition (PVD) of small molecular building blocks offers a versatile platform to realize functional supramolecular nanofibers in a controlled manner and with tailored properties. Here, details on the preparation of surface‐decorated polyamide fabrics by PVD using N1,N3,N5‐tris[2‐(diisopropylamino)‐ethyl]‐1,3,5‐benzenetricarboxamide (1) as a molecular building block are reported. It is shown that a defined morphology with uniform nanofiber length can be achieved, which is controlled by the PVD conditions. The functional periphery of supramolecular nanofibers of 1 allows the immobilization of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). This results in AuNP‐loaded nanostructures with a high surface area, which can be used as a heterogenous catalyst for the reduction of 4‐nitrophenol in aqueous media. The surface‐decorated support structures with firmly deposited AuNPs also provide the opportunity to conveniently reuse these structures without compromising the catalytic performance. This approach provides fabrication strategies for the controlled surface decoration of macroscopic support structures with small molecular building blocks by PVD with the potential to realize functional robust supramolecular nanofibers for various catalytic or filtration applications.
Optically Active Defect Engineering via Plasma Treatment in a MIS‐Type 2D Heterostructure
Authors: Tao Yingjie , Tian Ran , Zhou Jiayuan , Chu Kui , Chen Xuegang , Gao Wenshuai , Wang Guopeng , Jiang Yuxuan , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Tian Mingliang , Liu Xue
Published: June 2024

At the interface of 2D heterostructures, the presence of defects and their manipulation play a crucial role in the interfacial charge transfer behavior, further influencing the device functionality and performance. In this study, the impact of deliberately introduced photo‐active defects in the h‐BN layer on the interfacial charge transfer and photoresponse performance of a metal‐insulator‐semiconductor type heterostructure device is explored. The formation and concentration of defects are qualitatively controlled using an inductive coupled plasma treatment method, as evidenced by enhanced h‐BN defect emission and more efficient optically induced doping of graphene at the graphene/h‐BN interface. Besides, the use of the h‐BN layer between graphene and WS2 not only suppresses charge carriers in the dark state, but also promotes the separation of photo‐generated electron‐hole pairs and interfacial charge transfer due to the existence of defect levels, leading to orders of magnitude improvement in the light on/off ratio and self‐driving performance of the heterostructure photodetector. This strategy of controlling defect states in the insulating layer provides a new approach to optimize the charge transfer processes at the 2D interfaces, so as to expand its potential applications in the fields of electronic and optoelectronic devices.
Unveiling the Nanomorphology of HfN thin Films by Ultrafast Reciprocal Space Mapping
Authors: Zeuschner Steffen Peer , Pudell Jan‐Etienne , Mattern Maximilian , Rössle Matthias , Herzog Marc , Baldi Andrea , Askes Sven H. C. , Bargheer Matias
Published: June 2024

Hafnium Nitride (HfN) is a promising and very robust alternative to gold for applications of nanoscale metals. Details of the nanomorphology related to variations in strain states and optical properties can be crucial for applications in nanophotonics and plasmon‐assisted chemistry. Ultrafast reciprocal space mapping (URSM) with hard X‐rays is used to unveil the nanomorphology of thin HfN films. Static high‐resolution X‐ray diffraction reveals a twofold composition of the thin films being separated into regions with identical lattice constant and similar out‐of‐plane but hugely different in‐plane coherence lengths. URSM upon femtosecond laser excitation reveals different transient strain dynamics for the two respective Bragg peak components. This unambiguously locates the longer in‐plane coherence length in the first 15 nm of the thin film adjacent to the substrate. The transient shift of the broad diffraction peak displays the strain dynamics of the entire film, implying that the near‐substrate region hosts nanocrystallites with small and large coherence length, whereas the upper part of the film grows in small columnar grains. The results illustrate that URSM is a suitable technique for non‐destructive and depth‐resolved investigations of the morphology of nanostructures.
Enhanced Precision Immunotherapy of Colorectal Cancer through Chemo‐Photothermal Nanoparticles via Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Mediated Apoptotic Pathways
Authors: Wang Shanshan , Bi Zhiqiang , Lu Tianming , Qian Ruoning , Yu Jie , Zhang Qiang , Yang Hao , Lu Wenli , Guo Yuanyuan , Xin Xiaoqing , Bian Yong , Qi Ruogu
Published: June 2024

Colorectal cancer (CRC) stands out as one of the most prevalent gastrointestinal cancers. Current treatment strategies for CRC are significantly hindered by systemic toxicity and suboptimal therapeutic efficacy. This study aims to overcome these limitations by developing a robust tumor‐targeting chemo‐photothermal strategy, combining Bortezomib (BTZ) as a proteasome inhibitor, IR780 iodide as a near‐infrared dye, and Photothermal Therapy (PTT) agent, with hyaluronic acid (HA) serving as the shell for tumor targeting, denoted as HA/PB@IR780. The investigations reveal the impressive tumor‐targeting affinity of HA/PB@IR780, leading to a synergistic chemo‐photothermal therapeutic effect both in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, this material demonstrates the capability for drug release triggered by low pH conditions. Moreover, HA/PB@IR780 induced the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), triggered cells apoptosis via the PERK‐CHOP‐Bcl‐2 pathway, and induced Immunogenic Cell Death (ICD) in CT26 cells. Importantly, HA/PB@IR780 selectively targets tumor sites, mitigating systemic toxic side effects and significantly extending the survival of CT26 tumor‐bearing mice. In conclusion, this designed tumor‐targeting nanocarrier represents a promising and potentially effective platform for the precise treatment of CRC.
Data‐Driven Cycle Life Prediction of Lithium Metal‐Based Rechargeable Battery Based on Discharge/Charge Capacity and Relaxation Features
Authors: Si Qianli , Matsuda Shoichi , Yamaji Youhei , Momma Toshiyuki , Tateyama Yoshitaka
Published: June 2024

Achieving precise estimates of battery cycle life is a formidable challenge due to the nonlinear nature of battery degradation. This study explores an approach using machine learning (ML) methods to predict the cycle life of lithium‐metal‐based rechargeable batteries with high mass loading LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 electrode, which exhibits more complicated and electrochemical profile during battery operating conditions than typically studied LiFePO₄/graphite based rechargeable batteries. Extracting diverse features from discharge, charge, and relaxation processes, the intricacies of cell behavior without relying on specific degradation mechanisms are navigated. The best‐performing ML model, after feature selection, achieves an R2 of 0.89, showcasing the application of ML in accurately forecasting cycle life. Feature importance analysis unveils the logarithm of the minimum value of discharge capacity difference between 100 and 10 cycle (Log(|min(ΔDQ 100–10(V))|)) as the most important feature. Despite the inherent challenges, this model demonstrates a remarkable 6.6% test error on unseen data, underscoring its robustness and potential for transformative advancements in battery management systems. This study contributes to the successful application of ML in the realm of cycle life prediction for lithium‐metal‐based rechargeable batteries with practically high energy density design.
Arginine‐Rich Cell‐Penetrating Peptides Induce Lipid Rearrangements for Their Active Translocation across Laterally Heterogeneous Membranes
Authors: Park Sujin , Kim Jinmin , Oh Seung Soo , Choi Siyoung Q.
Published: June 2024

Arginine‐rich cell‐penetrating peptides (CPPs) have emerged as valuable tools for the intracellular delivery of bioactive molecules, but their membrane perturbation during cell penetration is not fully understood. Here, nona‐arginine (R9)‐mediated membrane reorganization that facilitates the translocation of peptides across laterally heterogeneous membranes is directly visualized. The electrostatic binding of cationic R9 to anionic phosphatidylserine (PS)‐enriched domains on a freestanding lipid bilayer induces lateral lipid rearrangements; in particular, in real‐time it is observed that R9 fluidizes PS‐rich liquid‐ordered (Lo) domains into liquid‐disordered (Ld) domains, resulting in the membrane permeabilization. The experiments with giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) confirm the preferential translocation of R9 through Ld domains without pore formation, even when Lo domains are more negatively charged. Indeed, whenever R9 comes into contact with negatively charged Lo domains, it dissolves the Lo domains first, promoting translocation across phase‐separated membranes. Collectively, the findings imply that arginine‐rich CPPs modulate lateral membrane heterogeneity, including membrane fluidization, as one of the fundamental processes for their effective cell penetration across densely packed lipid bilayers.
Another face of RASA1: Report of familial germline variant in RASA1 with dysmorphic features
Authors: Hume Esteban , Cossio María‐Laura , Vargas Paula , Cubillos María Paz , Maccioni Andrea , Lay‐Son Guillermo
Published: June 2024

RASopathies encompass a diverse set of disorders affecting genes that encode proteins within the RAS‐MAPK pathway. RASA1 mutations are the cause of an autosomal dominant disorder called capillary malformation‐arteriovenous malformation type 1 (CM‐AVM1). Unlike other RASopathies, facial dysmorphism has not been described in these patients. We phenotypically delineated a large family of individuals with multifocal fast‐flow capillary malformations, severe lymphatic anomalies of perinatal onset, and dysmorphic features not previously described. Sequencing studies were performed on probands and related family members, confirming the segregation of dysmorphic features in affected members of a novel heterozygous variant in RASA1 (NM_002890.3:c.2366G>A, p.(Arg789Gln)). In this work, we broaden the phenotypic spectrum of CM‐AVM type 1 and propose a new RASA1 variant as likely pathogenic.
Nasal endoscopy: What have we been missing?
Authors: McCoul Edward D. , Ganeshan Vinayak , Nguyen Thinh
Published: June 2024

Despite the widespread adoption of nasal endoscopy (NE) in the evaluation of sinonasal disease, its diagnostic potential may still be underutilized. Developments in endoscopic technology have led to significant improvements in video quality and maneuverability. However, there is concern that NE continues to be used primarily for the identification of gross pathology, with relative neglect of more subtle findings such as surface features of inflammation and mucus. With fewer technical limitations to perceive these abnormalities, there is potential to greatly improve the diagnostic value of NE. The reader is herein asked to consider several important visual nuances encountered during NE, with the hope that this engenders an appreciation of the versatility of NE as a diagnostic tool.
Inpp5d haplodeficiency alleviates tau pathology in the PS19 mouse model of Tauopathy
Authors: Soni Disha M. , Lin Peter Bor‐Chian , Lee‐Gosselin Audrey , Lloyd Christopher D. , Mason Emily , Ingraham Cynthia M. , Perkins Abigail , Moutinho Miguel , Lamb Bruce T. , Chu Shaoyou , Oblak Adrian L.
Published: June 2024

INTRODUCTION

A noncoding variant (rs35349669) within INPP5D, a lipid and protein phosphatase restricted to microglia in the brain, is linked to increased susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease (AD). While Inpp5d is well‐studied in amyloid pathology, its role in tau pathology remains unclear.

METHODS

PS19 Tauopathy mice were crossed with Inpp5d‐haplodeficient (Inpp5d+/−) mice to examine the impact of Inpp5d in tau pathology.

RESULTS

Increased INPP5D expression correlated positively with phospho‐Tau AT8 in PS19 mice. Inpp5d haplodeficiency mitigated hyperphosphorylated tau levels (AT8, AT180, AT100, and PHF1) and motor deficits in PS19 mice. Transcriptomic analysis revealed an up‐regulation of genes associated with immune response and cell migration.

DISCUSSION

Our findings define an association between INPP5D expression and tau pathology in PS19 mice. Alleviation in hyperphosphorylated tau, motor deficits, and transcriptomics changes in haplodeficient‐Inpp5d PS19 mice indicate that modulation in INPP5D expression may provide therapeutic potential for mitigating tau pathology and improving motor deficits.

Highlights

The impact of Inpp5d in the context of tau pathology was studied in the PS19 mouse model.

INPP5D expression is associated with tau pathology.

Reduced Inpp5d expression in PS19 mice improved motor functions and decreased total and phospho‐Tau levels.

Inpp5d haplodeficiency in PS19 mice modulates gene expression patterns linked to immune response and cell migration.

These data suggest that inhibition of Inpp5d may be a therapeutic approach in tauopathies.
Supramolecular Polymer Frameworks with Controlled and Uniform Pore Apertures
Authors: Gao Run‐Tan , Li Shi‐Yi , Zong Yang , Chen Zheng , Liu Na , Wu Zong‐Quan
Published: June 2024

Porous frameworks with controlled pore structure and tunable aperture are greatly demanded. However, precise synthesis of this kind of materials is a formidable challenge. Herein, we report the fabrication of two‐dimensional (2D) supramolecular polymer frameworks using a precisely synthesized rod‐like helical polyisocyanide as link. Four three‐arm star‐shaped polyisocyanides with the degree of the polymerization of 10, 20, 30 and 40, and having 2‐ureido‐4[1H]‐pyrimidinone (UPy) terminals were synthesized. 2D‐Crystalline polymer frameworks with apertures of 5.3, 10.1, 13.9, and 19.1 nm were respectively obtained through intermolecular hydrogen bonding interaction between the terminal Upy units. The pore aperture is dependent on the length of polyisocyanide backbone. Thus, well‐defined supramolecular polymer frameworks with controlled and uniform hexagonal pores were obtained, as proved by small‐angle X‐ray scattering (synchrotron radiation facility), atomic force microscopy, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analyses. The frameworks with uniform large pore aperture were used to purify nanomaterials and immobilize biomacromolecules. For instance, the membranes of the polymer frameworks could size‐fractionation of silver nanoparticles into uniform nanoparticles with very low dispersity. The frameworks with large aperture facilitated the inclusion of myoglobin and enhanced the stability and catalytic activity.
Dithieno[3,2‐b; 2′,3′‐f]phosphepinium‐Based Near‐Infrared Fluorophores: px–π* Conjugation Inherent to Seven‐Membered Phosphacycles
Authors: Andoh Keita , Murai Masahito , Bouit Pierre‐Antoine , Hissler Muriel , Yamaguchi Shigehiro
Published: June 2024

Positively charged phosphorus‐containing heterocycles are characteristic core skeletons for functional molecules. While various phosphonium‐containing five‐ or six‐membered‐ring compounds have been reported, the seven‐membered‐ring phosphepinium have not been fully studied yet. In this study, dithieno[3,2‐b; 2′,3′‐f]phosphepinium ions containing electron‐donating aminophenyl groups were synthesized. An X‐ray crystallographic analysis of the resulting donor–acceptor–donor dyes revealed a bent conformation of the central seven‐membered ring. These compounds exhibit fluorescence in the near‐infrared region with a bathochromic shift of ca. 70 nm compared to a phosphepine oxide congener and a large Stokes shift. High fluorescence quantum yields were obtained even in polar solvents due to the suppression of the nonradiative decay process. A theoretical study revealed that the phosphepinium skeleton is highly electron‐accepting owing to the orbital interaction between a px orbital of the phosphonium moiety and a π* orbital of the 1,3,5‐hexatriene moiety. Due to the lower‐lying px orbital in the phosphonium moiety compared to that of the phosphine oxide and the bent conformation of the seven‐membered ring, the phosphepinium ring permits effective px–π* conjugation. A large structural relaxation with a contribution of a quinoidal resonance structure is suggested in the excited state, which should be responsible for the bright emission with a large Stokes shift.
How powerful is a family?
Authors: Iyer Rachna K. , Palacios‐Barrios Esther E. , Brick Leslie A. , Nugent Nicole R.
Published: June 2024

If you've listened to the news recently, you may have been struck by a sense of impending doom. This is perhaps especially true for adolescents, who have faced a global pandemic and the constant threat of school shootings and gun violence. Persistent feelings of hopelessness are experienced at alarming rates by adolescents. Hopelessness (defined as the negative expectation toward oneself or the future) has been widely reported to play a major role in the development of depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, and unsafe behaviors (Berardelli et al., 2022; Stoddard et al., 2011).
Tetrazole and Oxadiazole Derivatives as Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters
Authors: Leonhardt Céline , Mauri Anna , Garin Idoia , Rosemann Nils W. , Wenzel Wolfgang , Lemmer Uli , Kozlowska Mariana , Bräse Stefan
Published: June 2024

Organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) are promising lighting solutions for sustainability and energy efficiency. Incorporating thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) molecules enables OLEDs to achieve internal quantum efficiency (IQE), in principle, up to 100 %; therefore, new classes of promising TADF emitters and modifications of existing ones are sought after. This study explores the TADF emission properties of six designed TADF emitters, examining their photophysical responses using experimental and theoretical methods. The design strategy involves creating six distinct types of a donor‐acceptor (D−A) system, where tert‐butylcarbazoles are used as donors, while the acceptor component incorporates three different functional groups: nitrile, tetrazole and oxadiazole, with varying electron‐withdrawing character. Additionally, the donor‐acceptor distance is adjusted using a phenylene spacer, and its influence on TADF functionality is examined. The clear dependency of an additional spacer, inhibiting TADF, could be revealed. Emitters with a direct donor‐acceptor connection are demonstrated to exhibit TADF moderate emissive behavior. The analysis emphasizes the impact of charge transfer, singlet‐triplet energy gaps (ΔEST), and other microscopic parameters on photophysical rates, permitting TADF. Among the emitters, TCz‐CN shows optimal performance as a blue‐green emitter with an 88 % photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and fast rate of reversible intersystem crossing of 2×106 s−1 and 1×107 s−1, obtained from time‐resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) experiment in PMMA matrix and quantum mechanical calculations, respectively. This comprehensive exploration identifies molecular bases of superior TADF emitters and provides insights for future designs, advancing the optimization of TADF properties in OLEDs.
Experimental methods in chemical engineering: Monte Carlo
Authors: Pahija Ergys , Hwangbo Soonho , Saulnier‐Bellemare Thomas , Patience Gregory S.
Published: June 2024

Monte Carlo (MC) methods employ a statistical approach to evaluate complex mathematical models that lack analytical solutions and assess their uncertainties. To this end, techniques such as Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC), bootstrap, and sequential MC methods repeat the same operations over a specified range of conditions. Consequently, both the frequentist and Bayesian statistical approaches are computationally intensive, depending on the problem formulation. Improving sampling techniques and identifying sources of error reduce the computational demand but do not guarantee that the solution reaches the global optimum. Moreover, efficient algorithms and advances in hardware continue to decrease computation time. MC methods are applicable to a plethora of problems ranging from medicine to computational chemistry, economics, and industrial safety, making them integral to the ongoing industrial digitalization by evaluating the quality of applied models. In chemical engineering, MC simulations are used in four clusters of research: design, systems, and optimization; molecular simulation, including CO2 and carbon capture; adsorption and molecular dynamics; and thermodynamics. There is limited cross‐referencing between the design cluster and the other three, which presents an interesting area for future research. This mini‐review presents two applications within chemical engineering: emissions and energy forecasting.
Introducing a novel method for determining the effective thermal conductivity at moderate and high Péclet numbers
Authors: Ghasemi Shahab , Arocha Geragg Chourio , Fayazi Amir , Kantzas Apostolos
Published: June 2024

Flow and heat transfer in porous materials is a common topic throughout many fields, including environmental and petroleum engineering. Using a coupled approach of experimental and simulation methods, this study presents a novel method for calculating thermal conductivity. Specifically, a new approach for the measurement of thermal dispersivity with both conduction and forced convection drives is proposed. In our experiments, temperature was monitored at different points within the porous medium, providing detailed spatial temperature distributions. These measurements allowed us to calculate and report effective thermal conductivity, enhancing the accuracy of our model. Experiments with various injection rates and temperatures were conducted on a sand pack. There is a relationship between the composition and connectivity of the solid in the geometry and heat transfer. However, in the case of forced convection, the key factor is the Péclet number which is important for optimal extraction of the heat inside the geothermal reservoir according to the cooling rate. When the Péclet number is high, the permeability of the porous medium plays a significant role. The velocity of the fluid can change the effective thermal conductivity up to four orders of magnitude. Due to the thermal resistance of solid and fluid, the temperature gradient between the boundary and the centre of the geometry was seen and temperature peaks were observed in the initial stages of the experiments. The size and number of peaks at the initial stage of the experiments are highly dependent on the matrix properties, such as thermal conductivity and surface area.
Impact of Aging and Cellular Senescence in the Pathophysiology of Preeclampsia
Authors: Suvakov Sonja , Kattah Andrea G. , Gojkovic Tamara , Enninga Elizabeth A.L. , Pruett Jacob , Jayachandran Muthuvel , Sousa Ciria , Santos Janelle , Abou Hassan Coline , Gonzales‐Suarez Maria , Garovic Vesna D.
Published: June 2024

The incidence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy is increasing, which may be due to several factors, including an increased age at pregnancy and more comorbid health conditions during reproductive years. Preeclampsia, the most severe hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, has been associated with an increased risk of future disease, including cardiovascular and kidney diseases. Cellular senescence, the process of cell cycle arrest in response to many physiologic and maladaptive stimuli, may play an important role in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia and provide a mechanistic link to future disease. In this article, we will discuss the pathophysiology of preeclampsia, the many mechanisms of cellular senescence, evidence for the involvement of senescence in the development of preeclampsia, as well as evidence that cellular senescence may link preeclampsia to the risk of future disease. Lastly, we will explore how a better understanding of the role of cellular senescence in preeclampsia may lead to therapeutic trials. © 2023 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol13:5077‐5114, 2023.
A double‐edged sword: Interim CEO and corporate social (ir)responsibility activities
Authors: Zheng Weiwei , Lian Yanling , Cui Xue , Sun Han
Published: June 2024

Employing an interim CEO is one of the key strategies organizations use to address urgent changes in leadership, yet there is a notable lack of attention in existing corporate governance literature regarding their impact on non‐market strategic behaviors. In an effort to bridge this gap, our study integrates institutional theory with impression management literature. Based on unbalanced panel data from Chinese non‐state‐owned listed companies from 2010 to 2019, the study finds that the succession of an interim CEO is associated with a simultaneous reduction in both corporate social responsibility (CSR) and corporate social irresponsibility (CSI) activities. The negative relationship between interim CEO and CSI activities is weaken in the context of high institutional voids. Mechanism analysis reveals that interim CEOs tend to focus more on the present and allocate more attention toward external stakeholder management strategies and low‐cost and efficiency strategies. Additional analysis indicates that in the face of negative financial performance aspirations, interim CEOs are more likely to reduce CSR activities. Similarly, when confronted with negative social performance aspirations, interim CEOs tend to decrease CSI activities to a greater extent.
Harnessing CD8+ T cell dynamics in hepatitis B virus‐associated liver diseases: Insights, therapies and future directions
Authors: Yue Bing , Gao Yuxia , Hu Yi , Zhan Meixiao , Wu Yangzhe , Lu Ligong
Published: June 2024

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection playsa significant role in the etiology and progression of liver‐relatedpathologies, encompassing chronic hepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and eventual hepatocellularcarcinoma (HCC). Notably, HBV infection stands as the primary etiologicalfactor driving the development of HCC. Given the significant contribution ofHBV infection to liver diseases, a comprehensive understanding of immunedynamics in the liver microenvironment, spanning chronic HBV infection,fibrosis, cirrhosis, and HCC, is essential. In this review, we focused on thefunctional alterations of CD8+ T cells within the pathogenic livermicroenvironment from HBV infection to HCC. We thoroughly reviewed the roles ofhypoxia, acidic pH, metabolic reprogramming, amino acid deficiency, inhibitory checkpointmolecules, immunosuppressive cytokines, and the gut‐liver communication in shapingthe dysfunction of CD8+ T cells in the liver microenvironment. Thesefactors significantly impact the clinical prognosis. Furthermore, we comprehensivelyreviewed CD8+ T cell‐based therapy strategies for liver diseases,encompassing HBV infection, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and HCC. Strategies includeimmune checkpoint blockades, metabolic T‐cell targeting therapy, therapeuticT‐cell vaccination, and adoptive transfer of genetically engineered CD8+ T cells, along with the combined usage of programmed cell death protein‐1/programmeddeath ligand‐1 (PD‐1/PD‐L1) inhibitors with mitochondria‐targeted antioxidants.Given that targeting CD8+ T cells at various stages of hepatitis Bvirus‐induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HBV + HCC) shows promise, we reviewedthe ongoing need for research to elucidate the complex interplay between CD8+ T cells and the liver microenvironment in the progression of HBV infection toHCC. We also discussed personalized treatment regimens, combining therapeuticstrategies and harnessing gut microbiota modulation, which holds potential forenhanced clinical benefits. In conclusion, this review delves into the immunedynamics of CD8+ T cells, microenvironment changes, and therapeuticstrategies within the liver during chronic HBV infection, HCC progression, andrelated liver diseases.
The additive diagnostic value of cytology in fine needle biopsy of pancreatic adenocarcinoma: A tertiary center experience
Authors: Sbeit Wisam , Shahin Amir , Basheer Maamoun , Khoury Tawfik
Published: June 2024

Objective

Endoscopic ultrasound guide fine needle biopsy (EUS‐FNB) is the main diagnostic tool for pancreatic adenocarcinoma. In most instances, only histology is obtained via FNB, without sending cytological slides. The aim of our study was to assess the additive diagnostic yield of cytology performed through FNB.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective study of all patients with histological diagnosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma who were diagnosed by EUS‐FNB.

Results

Overall, 80 patients were included in the study period. The overall concordance between cytology and histology all FNB needles was 78.2%. Notably, cytological assessment improved the diagnostic yield for malignancy by 12.8%. The overall kappa coefficient correlation between histology and cytology was .501, 95% CI 0.361–0.641. However, the kappa correlation for suspicious of malignancy and malignant was excellent of .872, 95% CI 0.733–1, suggesting that cytology is crucial when histology is inconclusive. Further analysis showed that the Acquire and Sharkcore needles outperformed the Procore needle in term of concordance between cytology and histology (kappa correlation of .527, 95% CI 0.331–0.724, .515, 95% CI 0.265–0.764, and .297, 95% CI −0.051–0.646), respectively.

Conclusion

Performing cytology specimen when using FNB improves the diagnostic yield in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.