bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Opioids for Acute Pain Management in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Systematic Review
Authors: Cozowicz Crispiana , Chung Frances , Doufas Anthony G. , Nagappa Mahesh , Memtsoudis Stavros G.
Published: June 2018

The intrinsic nature of opioids to suppress respiratory function is of particular concern among patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The association of OSA with increased perioperative risk has raised the question of whether patients with OSA are at higher risk for opioid-induced respiratory depression (OIRD) compared to the general population. The aims of this systematic review were to summarize current evidence with respect to perioperative OIRD, changes in sleep-disordered breathing, and alterations in pain and opioid sensitivity in patients with OSA. A systematic literature search of studies published between 1946 and October 2017 was performed utilizing the following databases: Medline, ePub Ahead of Print/Medline In-process, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, PubMed—NOT-Medline and ClinicalTrials.Gov. Of 4321 initial studies, 40 met the inclusion criteria. The Oxford level of evidence was assessed. Overall, high-quality evidence on the comparative impact of acute opioid analgesia in OSA versus non-OSA patients is lacking. The current body of evidence is burdened by significant limitations including risk of bias and large heterogeneity among studies with regard to OSA severity, perioperative settings, outcome definitions, and the presence or absence of various perioperative drivers. These factors complicate an accurate interpretation and robust analysis of the true complication risk. Nevertheless, there is some consistency among studies with regard to a detrimental effect of opioids in the presence of OSA. Notably, the initial 24 hours after opioid administration appear to be most critical with regard to life-threatening OIRD. Further, OSA-related increased pain perception and enhanced opioid sensitivity could predispose patients with OSA to a higher risk for OIRD without overdosing. While high-quality evidence is needed, retrospective analyses indicate that critical, life-threatening OIRD may be preventable with a more cautious approach to opioid use, including adequate monitoring.
An important class of intron retention events in human erythroblasts is regulated by cryptic exons proposed to function as splicing decoys
Authors: Parra Marilyn , Booth Ben W. , Weiszmann Richard , Yee Brian , Yeo Gene W. , Brown James B. , Celniker Susan E. , Conboy John G.
Published: June 2018

During terminal erythropoiesis, the splicing machinery in differentiating erythroblasts executes a robust intron retention (IR) program that impacts expression of hundreds of genes. We studied IR mechanisms in the SF3B1 splicing factor gene, which expresses ∼50% of its transcripts in late erythroblasts as a nuclear isoform that retains intron 4. RNA-seq analysis of nonsense-mediated decay (NMD)-inhibited cells revealed previously undescribed splice junctions, rare or not detected in normal cells, that connect constitutive exons 4 and 5 to highly conserved cryptic cassette exons within the intron. Minigene splicing reporter assays showed that these cassettes promote IR. Genome-wide analysis of splice junction reads demonstrated that cryptic noncoding cassettes are much more common in large (>1 kb) retained introns than they are in small retained introns or in nonretained introns. Functional assays showed that heterologous cassettes can promote retention of intron 4 in the SF3B1 splicing reporter. Although many of these cryptic exons were spliced inefficiently, they exhibited substantial binding of U2AF1 and U2AF2 adjacent to their splice acceptor sites. We propose that these exons function as decoys that engage the intron-terminal splice sites, thereby blocking cross-intron interactions required for excision. Developmental regulation of decoy function underlies a major component of the erythroblast IR program.
A INFLUÊNCIA DAS REDES SOCIAIS NAS DECISÕES DE COMPRAS
Authors: Sousa Juliana Carvalho de , Silva Pablo Marlon Medeiros da , Pinto Francisco Roberto , Nascimento Anderson Lopes , Rabelo Livia Nascimento
Published: June 2018

O presente estudo analisou a influência das redes sociais sobre o comportamento de consumidores no processo de compra. Apresentou caráter descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa, usando como instrumento de coleta de dados um questionário on-line validado por Nóbrega (2014), aplicado com 346 residentes de cidades nordestinas de médio porte. Utilizou-se a estatística descritiva e a técnica ANOVA. Os resultados apontaram que há diferenças com relação ao gênero e à faixa etária no que diz respeito ao consumo nas redes sociais. Concluiu-se que as redes sociais têm poder de influência relevante no comportamento dos consumidores, sendo uma importante via de comunicação e interação.
UM NOVO EMPREENDIMENTO, PROBLEMAS COTIDIANOS E A VOZ ATIVA DO SEU FUNDADOR
Authors: Nascimento Amanda Pimenta , Cappelle Mônica Carvalho Alves , Murad Isabela
Published: June 2018

O presente caso de ensino aborda os conflitos existentes em uma empresa familiar que atua no ramo de papelaria e escritório. Para isso, são apresentados os dilemas que geram conflitos na Gabama, destacando- se duas, uma situação referente a um fornecedor e outra quanto à resistência do fundador e conflito com um colaborador. Objetiva-se expor os problemas da organização para que o aluno se coloque no lugar dos personagens e pense em soluções para o mesmo. O processo de coleta de dados consistiu na metodologia de observação participante, conversas informais e diários de campo. Além disso, utilizaram-se fundamentações teóricas sobre casos de ensino, empresas familiares, poder e conflito. O caso possibilita discussões referentes à cultura, conflitos, relação de poder e resistência a mudanças por parte do fundador. Espera-se contribuir para que os discentes compreendam os conflitos e relações de poder na prática, tendo como base a teoria aprendida.
PECULIARITIES OF SPRING DURUM WHEAT VARIETIES IN FORMING LEAVES AREA DEPENDING ON DIFFERENT TILLAGE EXPEDIENTS UNDER CONDITIONS
Authors: Бесалиев Ишен , Besaliev Ishen , Чурбакова Светлана , Churbakova Svetlana , Мухитов Ленар , Mukhitov Lenar , Самуилов Феофан , Samuilov Feofan
Published: June 2018

The article contains results of field experiments (based on measuring 2 upper leaves area) on spring durum wheat varieties, which were seeded according to different expedients of basic tillage under the conditions of Orenburg Cis-Urals. It was noticed that the explored factors are highly interrelated with quantity and weight of grains in the main spike, and there was also variety reaction based on 2 upper leaves area depending on expedients of basic tillage. Also direct dependence of accumulation of solid by plants of spring-sown soft field from the area of 2 top leaves in phases of a kushcheniye, an exit in a tube and full ripeness is established. The optimality of the sizes of a sheet surface is defined from weather factors. Formation of the area of 2 top leaves of spring-sown firm field in the conditions of the Orenburg Cis-Urals characterizes reaction of culture to degree of usefulness of weather conditions of the period of vegetation and agrotechnical factors, in particular, to methods of the main processing of the soil. Proceeding from results of a research, we find possible application in selection practice of droughty zones evaluating grades on the basis of the area of leaves of two top tiers as indicator of potential efficiency.
CORRELATION OF STARCH CONTENT IN TISSUE OF PICEA A. DIETR.
Authors: Бессчетнова Наталья , Besschetnova Natalya , Бессчетнов Петр , Besschetnov Petr , Кулькова Анна , Kul'kova Anna , Широков Александр , Shirokov Aleksandr
Published: June 2018

The article deals with the results of correlation and regression analysis of the starch content in the tissues of annual shoots of various spruce species under the conditions of introduction into Nizhniy Novgorod region. Estimates of the tightness of the connection between the analyzed indicators are given, and the regression equations are given. The greatest positive correlation was found between the content of starch in phloem and its total quantity. Research objective – to reveal existence and to define narrowness of communication between indicators of content of starch in fabrics of year escapes at different types of a fir-tree. Analyzed even-aged trees with an identical area of food and other equal conditions of growth. In total 145 samples prepared in March, 2016 are tested. Communication between the content of starch on separate fabrics in this regard is significantly less.
DIVERSITY OF SOIL AND FOREST VEGETATION OF SLOPE LANDSCAPES OF FOREST-STEPPE OF KAMA
Authors: Галиуллина Эндже , Galiullina Endzhe , Сабиров Айрат , Sabirov Ayrat
Published: June 2018

4 types of protective forest stands have been studied: moor, slope, soil, roadside on the degraded lands of the Eastern Kama region of the Republic of Tatarstan. Protective forests of artificial origin, formed of pine, larch, spruce, poplar, birch, maple, elm. The following types of forest biogeocenosis are distinguished: pine grass, mixed birch forest, spruce grass, poplar motley grass. Protective forest phytocenoses have a significant variety of plants, 14 species of woody, 6 species of shrubby and semi-shrub species, 39 species of herbaceous plants have been identified. In the composition of phytocoenoses, pine plantations predominate, the share of deciduous crops is low - 7-12%. Protective stands of slope landscapes of the forest-steppe of the Kama region have 1st class of age for coniferous species and I-II classes of age for hardwoods, are characterized by high productivity: they grow according to II-I class of bonitet. Pine stands are highly productive, single-stage, clean in composition. The largest reserve of wood is the mixed pine forest. The average diameter of plantations varies from 7.3 to 10.9 cm, the average height varies from 5.7 to 8.8 m. Type of forest conditions D2 (fresh oak forest). Deciduous protective plantations of poplar hybrids-38 and birch bark have a high survival rate and productivity (class I bonitet). The average diameter of plantations varies from 5.3 to 6.8 cm, the average height varies from 6.0 to 7.0 m. Plantations grow: on fertile gray forest soils developed on deluvial and loesslike loams; brown-brown forest soils developed on Permian rocks; rendzinas typical and leached, developed on limestones. The soils have a loose composition of the upper horizons, which transform into dense horizons in the lower horizons; medium loamy, heavy loam and light-clay granulometric composition, good water-resistant structure, high content of agronomically valuable aggregates of 0.25-10 mm in size, saturated with organic matter, and possess high forest growth properties.
THE CONDITION OF PROTECTIVE FOREST PLANTS IN DIFFERENT SOIL CONDITIONS OF KAMA REGION
Authors: Галиуллина Эндже , Galiullina Endzhe , Галиуллин Ильфир , Galiullin Ilfir , Ульданова Раиля , Uldanova Railya , Сабиров Айрат , Sabirov Ayrat
Published: June 2018

The results of the study of protective forest plantations state in the Eastern Kama region of the Republic of Tatarstan are presented. The assessment of the study area landscape, the soil conditions for the formation of protective forests is given. Under the canopy of forest phytocoenoses, brown-brown forest, gray forest soils and rendzins are identified. Pine, spruce, birch, and poplar protective plantations, pure and mixed in composition, were studied. On the trial plots the taxation indicators of stands are determined. The peculiarities of the distribution of trees along the thickness steps and categories of the state are revealed. In pine biogeocenoses there are obviously more trees without signs of weakening: the content of healthy trees is 70.5-87.4%. Less stable are pine plantations created on stony soils of a steep slope. A higher proportion of healthy trees are allocated pine phytocenoses formed on loamy brown soils. Protective plantations of Almetyevsky municipal district, created from European spruce on soils with a developed profile, are distinguished by a high proportion of trees without signs of weakening. In the composition of deciduous plantations, a high percentage of trees without signs of weakening are inherent in the mulberry, which grows on brown-brown forest heavy loamy soil. There are no strongly weakened and drying trees. Birch grouse, formed on rendzine leached heavy loam on stony calcareous rocks, is less stable: the proportion of weakened trees increases to 20.1%.
INFLUENCE OF THE EXPERIMENTAL FOOD ADDITIVES ON THE ACTIVITY OF BLOOD SERUM ENZYMES AND INDICATORS OF THE CICATRICIAL LIQUID
Authors: Крупин Евгений , Krupin Evgeniy , Шакиров Шамиль , Shakirov Shamil' , Жарехина Татьяна , Zharehina Tat'yana , Тагиров Марсель , Tagirov Marsel
Published: June 2018

The effect of the experimental feed additive on the activity of a number of serum enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alpha-amylase) of milk cows of Holsteinized black-and- lactation was carried out during the course of the research and production experience. The analysis of some indicators of cicatricial liquid (total microbial number, number of bacilli, yeast-like microorganisms, lactic acid microorganisms, cellulosolytic microorganisms, infusoria) in cows, depending on the dose of feeding experimental fodder additive to animals. The developed feed additive consisted of natural agromineral sapropel (96.0%), a complex of enzymes (amylolytic, proteolytic, etc.), probiotic strains of microorganisms of the families Bacillaceae and Ruminococcaceae (4.0%). Biochemical studies of blood serum showed a significant increase in the activity of the enzyme AST (10.9%, P <0.05) in animals of the fourth group (the maximum rate of feed additive input equal to 200 g per head per day); enzyme ALT - in animals the second (the minimum rate of input of the feed additive equal to 100 g per head per day) of the group (15.1%, P <0.01), the decrease in the activity of the enzyme of alkaline phosphatase - in the animals of the fourth group - 39.8% P <0.001). In addition, during the analysis of the scar’s fluid, a significant increase in the total microbial number was established, as well as the number of infusorians in animals of the third group - by 12.7% (P <0.05) and 63.2% (P <0.01), respectively. In animals of the fourth group, a significant decrease in the amount of cellulosolytic microorganisms in the scar tissue was found - by 6.8% (P <0.01). As a result of the analysis of the obtained data, it can be asserted that the recommended norm for feeding fodder concentrate is 100-150 g per head per day.
STUDY OF FERMENTATION PROCESSES OF POULTRY EXCRETA UNDER THE IMPACT OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE ADDITIVE “MEFOSFON”
Authors: Сибагатуллин Фатих , Sibagatullin Fatih , Халиуллина Зульфия , Haliullina Zul'fiya , Сафиуллина Айсылу , Safiullina Aysylu , Петров Андрей , Petrov Andrey , Синяшин Кирилл , Sinyashin Kirill , Шулаев Максим , Shulaev Maksim
Published: June 2018

In article the current problem of agriculture – utilization of livestock waste is considered. Heads of the enterprises are interested in introduction of the low-cost schemes of utilization allowing to process into short terms waste in safe products. In this work it is considered the possibility of processing of waste by means of the Mefosfon dietary supplement representing melamine salt encore (oxymethyl) of fosfinovy acid. The possibility of acceleration of process of "maturing" of navoz due to stimulation of microbic activity in waste is supposed. Results of a research of fermentation of a bespodstilochny chicken dung and dung are given in an opilochny laying with Mefosfon's addition and Baikal-EM1. The intensity of process of biodestruction of nitrogen-containing connections was estimated on change of maintenance of ions of ammonium (NH4+) which was determined by a photocolorimetric method by Romashkevich. Acceleration of processes of ammonification at addition in medicine Mefosfon waste is shown. Reduction of concentration of ammoniyny nitrogen in the samples processed by Melafen in combination with the microbic medicine Baikal-EM1 up to 30% in 4 months of an experiment is recorded. Biotesting of experimental tests has shown decrease in toxicity of a dung with III to the IV class. At the same time it was noted that the negative impact on hydrobionts of the tests processed by medicines was lower than 1,5-2 times of control tests without processing medicines.
OPTIMIZATION OF THE PROCESS OF CABBAGE HEAD REWORK ON A CABBAGE HARVESTER
Authors: Алатырев Сергей , Alatyrev Sergey , Корнилова Людмила , Kornilova Lyudmila , Кручинкина Ирина , Kruchinkina Irina , Мишин Петр , Mishin Petr , Волхонов Михаил , Volhonov Mihail , Медведев Владимир , Medvedev Vladimir
Published: June 2018

When machine-harvested of cabbage, non-commodity cut heads are generally over 20% in the total mass. In this connection, the cabbage harvesting machine, developed by Chuvashiya SAU, has a rework table with a mechanical transporter-cutter. This device will function effectively with the optimal number of maintenance personnel involved in the completion of the table. This process is optimized based on the theory of queuing operations. As a result, the optimal number of service personnel was established n = 2 people. The results of the calculations are checked in the production environment.
INVESTIGATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF PRESSING BELTS TENSION OF THE BACK CIRCUIT OF PRESS - SELECTIVE PR-1.5
Authors: Белов Валерий , Belov Valeriy , Рыбаков Леонид , Rybakov Leonid , Овчукова Светлана , Ovchukova Svetlana , Юнусов Губейдулла , Yunusov Gubeydulla , Кириллов Николай , Kirillov Nikolay , Терентьев Алексей , Terent'ev Aleksey , Зайцев Петр , Zaycev Petr
Published: June 2018

A brief analysis of suspension mechanisms and ways to improve the quality of press harvesting for flax harvesting is considered. By researching the mathematical model, the authors prove the possibility of increasing the stability of the elastic characteristics of the suspension mechanisms by changing the angle between the levers or changing the geometry of the structure, for example, the attachment point of a two-arm lever. Particular attention is drawn to the new term “reduced rigidity” of the suspension mechanism. Using this notion and the method of its determination, the authors recommend determining the optimal value of the reduced stiffness of the suspension in the way of mathematical modeling and using this indicator as the main optimization parameter. The results of theoretical and experimental studies were presented by the authors in the form of elastic characteristics of the suspension mechanisms. When conducting a study of the mathematical model, it is suggested to take into account the condition of equality of the maximum values of the moments of forces from the action of the tension forces of the belts or the mass of the working element and the moment of forces acting on the side of the tension springs. During the research of the suspension mechanism, the actual dimensions of the PR-1.5 baler design were adopted. At the same time, we briefly describe the design of the improved tensioning mechanism of a baler for flax harvesting. A rather detailed analysis is given by the authors of the obtained elastic characteristics of the suspension mechanism. Some new features of the elastic characteristics of the suspension mechanism that have not been previously detected are described. To confirm the correctness of the reasoning, the authors implemented their research in a real press-picker and conducted field research that confirmed the possibility of improving the quality of the upgraded version of the machine. To confirm the results of the research, the authors presented a fragment of the field test protocol. The task is solved, uniformity of the roll density is ensured and its density is increased.
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE METHOD FOR DETERMINING AND PROCESSING OF DATA ON THE PARAMETERS OF THE SUBSTRATE SURFACE OF AGROLLDSHIPS OF SLOPE LAND
Authors: Самуилов Феофан , Samuilov Feofan , Васильев Сергей , Vasil'ev Sergey , Максимов Иван , Maksimov Ivan , Мишин Петр , Mishin Petr , Юнусов Губейдулла , Yunusov Gubeydulla , Волхонов Михаил , Volhonov Mihail , Терентьев Алексей , Terent'ev Aleksey , Казаков Юрий , Kazakov Yuriy
Published: June 2018

The scientific article considers methods for studying the underlying surface of agro landscapes of slope lands - local and integral: contact and non-contact. Each group in turn includes a visual, optical and mechanical approach. For carrying out experimental studies on sloping lands, a method has been developed for determining the average slope, roughness and waviness of an elementary site in the field, and profilographs for its implementation. Using the moving average method, it is possible to break the data into components and isolate, on a general background, the average surface slope, randomly distributed irregularities, surface roughness and technological furrows with a corrugation of the surface. In order to automate the process of determining these parameters, a program has been developed that allows you to directly calculate and display information on the monitor screen. Field studies using a profiler with contactless profilograph were conducted on different soil fertility, including the examination of the field station, located on the slope of the complex after the pre-winter tillage BDM-3x4P in Morgaushskiy District of the Chuvash Republic. After data processing, the average slope of the elementary area for a certain point of the field was 0.06 or 3.440. The direction of the main soil cultivation was determined from the angle of deviation of the technological grooves from the direction of the slope, which amounted to 93.60. The data obtained are presented in the Excel spreadsheet as a relationship between two parameters: the angle of rotation and the height of the surface profile of the soil, in the form of a sweep. Further, using the moving average method for the field section with soil disking, the average slope of the surface was determined to be 3.440, the surface roughness was 3.54 mm, and the waviness (soreness) of the soil surface was 7.94 cm.
ANALYSIS THE REASONS OF 110 kV TRANSFORMERS BREAK DOWN AND THE METHODS OF ITS DIAGNOSTICS
Authors: Рыбаков Леонид , Rybakov Leonid , Белов Валерий , Belov Valeriy , Макарова Надежда , Makarova Nadezhda , Овчукова Светлана , Ovchukova Svetlana , Захватаева Алена , Zahvataeva Alena , Кириллов Николай , Kirillov Nikolay , Зайцев Петр , Zaycev Petr
Published: June 2018

The article deals with the diagnostics of power transformers by different methods. Particular attention is paid to modern methods and diagnostic tools that maximally allow to determine the state of the transformer. Based on the statistical processing of the results of the research, the authors indicate that the most common failures are: damage to the windings of transformers with the possibility of regulation under load, without disconnecting power and leaving consumers without power supply (RPN) for any period of operation. The greatest number of damages for transformers with on-load tap-changers with a service life of 10-30 years, for high-voltage bushings after 10 years of operation. The most severe damage to the transformer is an internal short circuit (short circuit). These types of overvoltage cause damage to the windings in 80% of the total number of damage, high-voltage bushings - 89%, RPN - 25% and other elements - 36%. It is indicated that a serious consequence occurs when such defects develop, as: the reduction of the electrical strength of the oil channel of high-voltage hermetic bushings due to deposition of sediment on the inner surface of porcelain and on the surface of internal insulation; reduction of the electrical strength of paper-oil insulation of high-voltage leaky inlets due to moisture and pollution; humidification, contamination and wear (aging) of the insulation of the windings; burn-out of the coil insulation and windings of the windings because of the long non-operation of the through-current fault on the low-voltage side of the transformer; errors in installation, repair and operation. In the conclusions it is recommended to supply the manufacturers of power transformers with means for diagnosing the main elements of power transformers, which should be built-in. Particular mention was made of the need to focus in the future on improving existing and creating new methods for monitoring equipment of power transformers.
REALIZATION OF IMPORT SUBSTITUTION POLICY IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE DAIRY INDUSTRY OF THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN)
Authors: Кириллова Ольга , Kirillova Olga
Published: June 2018

The problems of import substitution in Russia arose long ago, even before the introduction of anti-Russian sanctions and counter-sanctions. This is due to the fact, that Russia is an exporting country of raw materials, which led to import dependence on other countries. At present, there is an urgent need to introduce import substitution policies, insufficient amount of equipment and means of production, raw material and its sources, lack of effective infrastructure does not allow Russia to fully provide itself with the necessary food products. It is also important that, for example, there are foreign competitors in the dairy market, who sell their products much cheaper than Russian ones. A good example is Belarus. Recently, Armenia has become an active participant in the market, which exports cheese to Russia. But after all, as you know, if it’s cheaper, then the quality suffers. The volume of falsified products also increases. According to experts, Russian producers will not be able to satisfy the needs of the population in the near future, because it is necessary to increase the milch herd, significantly improve the village infrastructure, purchase the necessary equipment, etc. The volume of investments in this sector should be 200-500 billion rubles. This can not be done in a short time and therefore Russia will still depend on imports of dairy products from Belarus and other countries. Therefore, the Russian Federation needs to take the necessary measures that will enable the state to protect not only dairy, but also other branches of agriculture in Russia, which will immediately affect the quality and income of the country’s population. Fully apply import substitution in Russia will be unprofitable for the economy and will be associated with increased inflation, a decrease in savings, a reduction in investment activity, a deficit in the balance of payments.
KEY INDICATORS OF EFFICIENCY OF ADMINISTRATIVE CONSULTING
Authors: Клычова Гузалия , Klychova Guzaliya , Закирова Алсу , Zakirova Alsu , Юсупова Альфия , Yusupova Al'fiya , Клычова Айгуль , Klychova Augul
Published: June 2018

One of the main reasons for using counsulting in an organization is the expected positive economic effect, because the client is interested in the quality of the result, and not the process of counseling. However, it should be borne in mind, that the result, obtained from the implementation of the consulting project, can be influenced not only by the consultant, but also by the client himself. In assessing the quality of counseling, the following factors are taken into account: the macro and microenvironment and the specific situation in the organization itself; qualification, personal experience, goals and motivations, personal qualities of the consultant; experience, worldview, personal qualities of the client. In the article, to evaluate the effectiveness of management consulting, it was proposed to apply a system of key indicators for assessing the effectiveness of the social aspect of management counseling. The advantage of using proposed in the article’s key performance indicators are: the presence of a systematic approach to the analysis of the activities, because it uses indicators, that reflect the key factors in increasing the efficiency of management; during the analysis the dynamics and changes in key indicators are evaluated, which allows analyzing both effective and unprofitable organizations from a unified position; the methodology assumes calculation of various indicators: natural and cost, qualitative and quantitative. This methodology allows any organization to really assess the effectiveness of management consulting and its impact on the management of production and financial activities.
THE ROLE OF TECHNICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL PROVISION IN CHANGING THE PROFESSIONAL-QUALIFICATION STRUCTURE OF LABOUR IN THE AGRARIAN SECTOR OF THE COUNTRY’S ECONOMY
Authors: Субаева Асия , Subaeva Asiya , Александрова Наталья , Aleksandrova Natal'ya , Мавлиева Лейсан , Mavlieva Leysan
Published: June 2018

During development conditions of technical progress and the modernization of agricultural production, there are processes, that lead to fluctuations of demand and supply level in the labor market, triggering the emergence of a number of social and economic problems: rising unemployment, underemployment, chronic deficits or redundancy in certain professions, low wages, leading to a high turnover of personnel in agriculture, a decrease in the competitiveness of the labor force and the growth of social tension in society. The resulting structural transformation of this kind requires, as a rule, continuous monitoring of agricultural professions and the level of professional training of agricultural workers, which allows to develop timely effective measures to eliminate accumulated problematic issues. In this regard, the purpose of the publication is to study changes in the qualitative and quantitative composition of workers in agricultural enterprises, the evaluation of their professional and qualification structure. The influence of the ongoing changes in technical and technological support on the deepening of its vocational-skill division of labor is considered, which should ultimately be taken into account in the development of conceptual provisions for forecasting labor resources. Based on the results of the analysis, the causes of the identified problems were identified and measures for their solution were proposed.
METHODOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF ADAPTATION MANAGEMENT OF RISKS AT AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES
Authors: Хазеев Ленар , Khazeev Lenar
Published: June 2018

The article considers the theory of risk management in enterprises, as well as the main mechanisms of enterprise protection against threats. The methodological substantiation of the necessity of adaptation methods application for risk management is given, and also consideration of the possibility of its application on the sample of JSC “Nefis-Bioproduct” is offered.
PROBLEMS OF ORGANIZATION AND COOPERATION IN AGRICULTURAL TOURISM IN THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN
Authors: Хафизов Дафик , Khafizov Dafik , Хисматуллин Марсель , Khismatullin Marsel
Published: June 2018

The article reflects the main statistical aspects characterizing the state of the modern market economy and the tourist industry. The dynamics of tourism development in Russia is analyzed, the potential of which is revealed on the example of the Republic of Tatarstan. The place of rural tourism in the development of rural areas is promoted, which contributes to the improvement of accomplishment of settlements, the development of engineering and social infrastructure; creation of new jobs; reduction of the level of unemployment in rural areas, growth of incomes of rural residents, development of small business, as well as increasing the ecological attractiveness of rural areas; increase the cultural and cognitive level of the rural population; replenishment of local budgets with additional funds. The problems of organization and cooperation in rural tourism have been identified, which impede the effective use of the tourist destination space. The most acute of them are: the underestimation of the importance of rural tourism in solving a number of national and regional problems, such as the preservation of small settlements, the cultural and historical heritage of the territories, rural life, increasing incomes, improving the living conditions of the rural population, streamlining the use of natural objects ; the absence of a national concept and a well-defined national policy for the development of rural tourism; acute shortage of financial and credit resources, difficulties in obtaining land for these purposes; inadequate degree of regulation of issues of interaction between hosts of guest houses with state, controlling, tax authorities.
The presence of a systematic error in SDO/HMI data
Authors: Rudenko Georgiy , Dmitrienko Irina
Published: June 2018

In this paper, we came to the conclusion that there is a systematic error in SDO/HMI (Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager aboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory) vector magnetic data, which reveals itself in a deviation from the radial direction of the knot magnetic fields manifesting themselves on magnetograms in the form of small grains in a strong magnetic field. This deviation demonstrates a dependence on the distance to the disk center, which cannot be a property of the magnetic field – it can only be artificially introduced into the data. We suggest a simple method for correcting vector magnetograms, which eliminates the detected systematic error.
Observing wave packets generated by solar terminator in TEC during typhoons
Authors: Едемский Илья , Edemsky Ilya , Ясюкевич Анна , Yasyukevich Anna
Published: June 2018

In this work, we study ionospheric disturbances excited by the passage of the solar terminator (ST) during tropical cyclone periods, using total electron content (TEC) data. We have considered 16 intense tropical cyclones (typhoons) that acted in the northwest of the Pacific Ocean near the territory of Japan. We analyze two-dimensional distributions of the number of registered wave packets (WPs) depending on various parameters: local time, maximum amplitude of packets, and distance to typhoon. It is shown that in most cases the maximum num-ber of WPs is observed at a distance less than 500–1500 km from the typhoon center and near the time of evening solar terminator passage. For typhoons occurring during autumn periods, the maximum number of WPs is recorded at daytime, and, apparently, is not associated with ST. Distributions of the number of WPs depending on their amplitude have a similar form for all the cases considered, with a maximum of about 0.2 TECU. At the same time, for some typhoons there are a large number of WPs with amplitude up to 0.6–0.8 TECU, which is significantly higher than WP amplitudes under quiet conditions. We briefly discuss the mechanism of possible interaction between ionospheric disturbances caused by two different sources (tropical cyclones and ST passage).
The Power of Rankings: Quantifying the Effect of Rankings on Online Consumer Search and Purchase Decisions
Authors: Ursu Raluca M.
Published: June 2018

Online search intermediaries, such as Amazon or Expedia, use rankings (ordered lists) to present third-party sellers’ products to consumers. These rankings decrease consumer search costs and increase the probability of a match with a seller, ultimately increasing consumer welfare. Constructing relevant rankings requires understanding their causal effect on consumer choices. However, this is challenging because rankings are endogenous: consumers pay more attention to highly ranked products, and intermediaries rank the most relevant products at the top. In this paper, I use the first data set with experimental variation in the ranking from a field experiment at Expedia to make three contributions. First, I identify the causal effect of rankings and show that they affect what consumers search, but conditional on search, do not affect purchases. Second, I quantify the effect of rankings using a sequential search model and find an average position effect of $1.92, which is lower than literature estimates obtained without experimental variation. I also use model predictions, data patterns, and a feature of the data set (opaque offers) to show rankings lower search costs, instead of affecting consumer expectations or utility. Finally, I show a utility-based ranking built on this model’s estimates benefits consumers and the search intermediary.

Data and the online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2017.1072 .
Branch-and-Price for the Pickup and Delivery Problem with Time Windows and Scheduled Lines
Authors: Ghilas Veaceslav , Cordeau Jean-François , Demir Emrah , Woensel Tom Van
Published: June 2018

The Pickup and Delivery Problem with Time Windows and Scheduled Lines (PDPTW-SL) consists of routing and scheduling a set of vehicles, by integrating them with scheduled public transportation lines, to serve a set of freight requests within their time windows. This paper presents an exact solution approach based on a branch-and-price algorithm. A path-based set partitioning formulation is used as the master problem, and a variant of the elementary shortest path problem with resource constraints is solved as the pricing problem. In addition, the proposed algorithm can also be used to solve the PDPTW with transfers (PDPTW-T) as a special case. Results of extensive computational experiments confirm the efficiency of the algorithm: it is able to solve small- and medium-size instances to optimality within reasonable execution time. More specifically, our algorithm solves the PDPTW-SL with up to 50 requests and the PDPTW-T with up to 40 requests on the considered instances.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2017.0798 .
Nurses with inadequate skills should not be practising aesthetic medicine
Authors: Collier Helena
Published: June 2018

Aesthetic medicine is an attractive field for experienced and inexperienced nurses alike—but not everyone has the advanced level of knowledge required to provide high-quality care to patients seeking non-surgical cosmetic interventions. Helena Collier argues that nurses need to have at least 5 years' post-registration experience before embarking on a career in a demanding sector like aesthetics
Evaluation of strategies for the treatment of type B and C pelvic fractures
Authors: Schmal H. , Froberg L. , S. Larsen M. , Südkamp N. P. , Pohlemann T. , Aghayev E. , Goodwin Burri K.
Published: June 2018

Aims

The best method of treating unstable pelvic fractures that involve the obturator ring is still a matter for debate. This study compared three methods of treatment: nonoperative, isolated posterior fixation and combined anteroposterior stabilization.

Patients and Methods

The study used data from the German Pelvic Trauma Registry and compared patients undergoing conservative management (n = 2394), surgical treatment (n = 1345) and transpubic surgery, including posterior stabilization (n = 730) with isolated posterior osteosynthesis (n = 405) in non-complex Type B and C fractures that only involved the obturator ring anteriorly. Calculated odds ratios were adjusted for potential confounders. Outcome criteria were intraoperative and general short-term complications, the incidence of nerve injuries, and mortality.

Results

Operative stabilization reduced mortality by 36% (odds ratio (OR) 0.64, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.42 to 0.98) but the incidence of complications was twice as high (OR 2.04, 95% CI 1.57 to 2.64). Mortality and the incidence of neurological deficits at discharge were no different after isolated posterior or combined anteroposterior fixation. However, the odds of both surgical (98%, OR 1.98, 95%CI 1.22 to 3.22) and general complications (43%, OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.02 to 2.00) were higher in the group with the more extensive surgery.

Conclusion

Operative stabilization is recommended for non-complex unstable pelvic fractures. The need for anterior fixation of obturator ring fractures should, however, be considered critically. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:973–83.
Highly crosslinked polyethylene wear rates and acetabular component orientation
Authors: Teeter M. G. , Lanting B. A. , Naudie D. D. , McCalden R. W. , Howard J. L. , MacDonald S. J.
Published: June 2018

Aims

The aim of this study was to determine whether there is a difference in the rate of wear between acetabular components positioned within and outside the ‘safe zones’ of anteversion and inclination angle.

Patients and Methods

We reviewed 100 hips in 94 patients who had undergone primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) at least ten years previously. Patients all had the same type of acetabular component with a bearing couple which consisted of a 28 mm cobalt-chromium head on a highly crosslinked polyethylene (HXLPE) liner. A supine radiostereometric analysis (RSA) examination was carried out which acquired anteroposterior (AP) and lateral paired images. Acetabular component anteversion and inclination angles were measured as well as total femoral head penetration, which was divided by the length of implantation to determine the rate of polyethylene wear.

Results

The mean anteversion angle was 19.4° (-15.2° to 48°, sd 11.4°), the mean inclination angle 43.4° (27.3° to 60.5°, sd 6.6°), and the mean wear rate 0.055 mm/year (sd 0.060). Exactly half of the hips were positioned inside the ‘safe zone’. There was no difference (median difference, 0.012 mm/year; p = 0.091) in the rate of wear between acetabular components located within or outside the ‘safe zone’. When compared to acetabular components located inside the ‘safe zone’, the wear rate was no different for acetabular components that only achieved the target anteversion angle (median difference, 0.012 mm/year; p = 0.138), target inclination angle (median difference, 0.013 mm/year; p = 0.354), or neither target (median difference, 0.012 mm/year; p = 0.322).

Conclusion

Placing the acetabular component within or outside the ‘safe zone’ did not alter the wear rate of HXLPE at long-term follow-up to a level that risked osteolysis. HXLPE appears to be a forgiving bearing material in terms of articular surface wear, but care must still be taken to position the acetabular component correctly so that the implant is stable. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:891-7.
Prevalence of isolated gastrocnemius tightness in patients with foot and ankle pathology
Authors: Malhotra K. , Chan O. , Cullen S. , Welck M. , Goldberg A. J. , Cullen N. , Singh D.
Published: June 2018

Aims

Gastrocnemius tightness predisposes to musculoskeletal pathology and may require surgical treatment. However, it is not clear what proportion of patients with foot and ankle pathology have clinically significant gastrocnemius tightness. The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence and degree of gastrocnemius tightness in a control group of patients with a group of patients with foot and ankle pathology.

Patients and Methods

This prospective, case-matched, observational study compared gastrocnemius tightness, as assessed by the lunge test, in a control group and a group with foot and ankle pathology. Gastrocnemius tightness was calculated as the difference in dorsiflexion of the ankle with the knee extended and flexed.

Results

A total of 291 controls were paired with 97 patients with foot and ankle pathology (FAP). The mean gastrocnemius tightness was 6.0° (sd 3.5) in controls and 8.0° (sd 5.7) in the FAP group (p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed a mean gastrocnemius tightness of 10.3° (sd 6.0) in patients with forefoot pathology versus 6.9° (sd 5.3) in patients with other pathology (p = 0.008). A total of 12 patients (37.5%) with forefoot pathology had gastrocnemius tightness of > two standard deviations of the control group (> 13°).

Conclusion

Gastrocnemius tightness of > 13° may be considered abnormal. Most patients with foot and ankle pathology do not have abnormal degrees of gastrocnemius tightness compared with controls, but it is present in over a third of patients with forefoot pathology. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:945–52.
A randomized controlled trial of fixed- versus mobile-bearing total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Abdel M. P. , Tibbo M. E. , Stuart M. J. , Trousdale R. T. , Hanssen A. D. , Pagnano M. W.
Published: June 2018

Aims

It has been suggested that mobile-bearing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) might lead to better outcomes by accommodating some femorotibial rotational mismatch, thereby reducing contact stresses and polyethylene wear. The aim of this study was to determine whether there is a difference between fixed- and mobile-bearing versions of a contemporary TKA with respect to durability, range of movement (ROM) and function, ten years postoperatively.

Patients and Methods

A total of 240 patients who were enrolled in this randomized controlled trial (RCT) underwent a primary cemented TKA with one of three tibial components (all-polyethylene fixed-bearing, modular metal-backed fixed-bearing and mobile-bearing). Patients were reviewed at a median follow-up of ten years (IQR 9.2 to 10.4).

Results

There was no difference in durability, as measured by survivorship free of revision for any reason, nor in mean maximal ROM at ten years (p = 0.8). There was also no difference in function, as measured by Knee Society (KS) function scores (p = 0.63) or the prevalence of patellar tilt (p = 0.12).

Conclusion

In this clinical RCT, the mobile-bearing design of TKA was found to be reliable and durable, but did not provide better maximum knee flexion, function or durability ten years postoperatively compared with a posterior-stabilized, fixed-bearing design incorporating either an all-polyethylene or a modular-metal-backed tibial component. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:925–9.
Ceramic prosthesis surfaces induce an inflammatory cell response and fibrotic tissue changes
Authors: Bertrand J. , Delfosse D. , Mai V. , Awiszus F. , Harnisch K. , Lohmann C. H.
Published: June 2018

Aims

Early evidence has emerged suggesting that ceramic-on-ceramic articulations induce a different tissue reaction to ceramic-on-polyethylene and metal-on-metal bearings. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the tissue reaction and cellular response to ceramic total hip arthroplasty (THA) materials in vitro, as well as the tissue reaction in capsular tissue after revision surgery of ceramic-on-ceramic THAs.

Patients and Methods

We investigated tissue collected at revision surgery from nine ceramic-on-ceramic articulations. we compared our findings with tissue obtained from five metal-on-metal THA revisions, four ceramic-on-polyethylene THAs, and four primary osteoarthritis synovial membranes. The latter were analyzed to assess the amount of tissue fibrosis that might have been present at the time of implantation to enable evaluation, in relation to implantation time, of any subsequent response in the tissues.

Results

There was a significant increase in tissue fibrosis with implantation time for all implant types tested. Interestingly, the tissue fibrosis in ceramic-on-ceramic THAs was significantly increased compared with metal-on-metal and ceramic-on-polyethylene. Additionally, we found ceramic wear particles in the periprosthetic tissue of ceramic implants. Fibroblasts responded with expression of cytokines when cultured on alumina-toughened zirconia (ATZ) and zirconia-toughened alumina (ZTA) ceramic surfaces. This response was more pronounced on ATZ ceramics compared with ZTA ceramics. The same inflammatory response was observed with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) cultured on ZTA and ATZ.

Conclusion

Our findings therefore, corroborate the previous findings that ceramic-on-ceramic periprosthetic revision tissue is fibrous and offer an explanation for this observation. We detected a long-term inflammatory response of PBMCs and an inflammatory response of fibroblasts to ATZ and ZTA ceramic. These findings partially explain the fibrotic tissue change in periprosthetic tissue of ceramic-on-ceramic bearings. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:882–90.