bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Measuring Vitamin D3 Metabolic Status, Comparison between Vitamin D Deficient and Sufficient Individuals
Authors: Castillo-Peinado Laura de los Santos , Calderón-Santiago Mónica , Herrera-Martínez Aura Dulcinea , León-Idougourram Soraya , Gálvez-Moreno María Ángeles , Sánchez-Cano Rafael Luis , Bouillon Roger , Quesada-Gómez Jose Manuel , Priego-Capote Feliciano
Published: June 2022

The main branch of vitamin D3 metabolism involves several hydroxylation reactions to obtain mono-, di- and trihydroxylated metabolites, including the circulating and active forms—25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3, respectively. However, most clinical trials strictly target the determination of 25(OH)D3 to offer a view of the metabolic status of vitamin D3. Due to the growing interest in expanding this restricted view, we have developed a method for measuring vitamin D3 metabolism by determination of vitamin D3, 25(OH)D3, 24,25(OH)2D3, 1,25(OH)2D3 and 1,24,25(OH)3D3 in human plasma. The method was based on SPE–LC–MS/MS with a large volume injection of human plasma (240 µL). Detection of di- and trihydroxymetabolites, found at the picogram per milliliter level, was attained by the combined action of high preconcentration and clean-up effects. The method allows obtaining information about ratios such as the known vitamin D metabolite ratio (24,25(OH)2D3/25(OH)D3), which can provide complementary views of vitamin D3 metabolic status. The method was applied to a cohort of obese patients and a reference cohort of healthy volunteers to find metabolic correlations between target analytes as well as differences as a function of vitamin D levels within and between cohorts.
Biostimulants for Resilient Agriculture: A Preliminary Assessment in Italy
Authors: Leogrande Rita , El Chami Daniel , Fumarola Giulio , Di Carolo Michele , Piegari Giuseppe , Elefante Mario , Perrelli Donato , Dongiovanni Crescenza
Published: June 2022

In agriculture, plant biostimulants have become necessary to meet the United Nations sustainable development goals (UN-SDGs) and advance the European Green Deal. In particular, seaweed-based biostimulants have received a greater acceptance for their several benefits in crop growth and yield. In this study, we evaluated the effects of foliar applications of a vegetable- and brown-algae-based extract (Ascophyllum nodosum (L.) Le Jol. on grapes (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Montepulciano) and olives (Olea europaea L. cv. Coratina) and its agronomic performance in two field experiments in the Apulia region, which is known for its modern agricultural sector. The results highlight that the crop responses differ in grape and olive orchards. The biostimulant application determined significant increases in bunch development (+9.5%) and bunch weight (+10%) compared to the untreated control. In the olive orchard, the yield was not significantly influenced by biostimulant application, whereas we observed quality improvement in the olive oil of the treated plants compared to the control. To better understand the mechanisms behind this difference, the research concludes by suggesting that further research pursues in-depth studies and high scientific and technical proficiency to determine and optimise the rates and timing of applications.
A Data-Driven Method for Identifying Drought-Induced Crack-Prone Levees Based on Decision Trees
Authors: Chotkan Shaniel , van der Meij Raymond , Klerk Wouter Jan , Vardon Phil J. , Aguilar-López Juan Pablo
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we aim to identify factors affecting susceptibility to drought-induced cracking in levees and use them to build a machine learning model that can identify crack-prone levees on a regional scale. By considering the key relationship between the size of cracks and the moisture content, we observed that low moisture contents act as an important driver in the cracking mechanism. In addition, factors which control the deformation at low moisture content were seen to be important. Factors that affect susceptibility to cracking were proposed. These factors are precipitation, evapotranspiration, soil subsidence, grass color, soil type, peat layer thickness, soil stiffness and levee orientation. Statistics show that the cumulative precipitation deficit is best associated with the occurrence of the cracks (cracks are characterized by higher precipitation deficits). Model tree classification algorithms were used to predict whether a given input of the factors can lead to cracking. The performance of a model predicting long cracks was evaluated with a Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) of 0.31, while a model predicting cracks in general was evaluated with an MCC of 0.51. Evaluation of the model trees indicated that the peat thickness, the soil stiffness and the orientation of the levee can be used to determine crack-proneness of the levees. To maintain validity and usefulness of the data-driven models, it is important that asset managers of levees also register locations on which no cracks are observed.
Improvement in Solar-Radiation Forecasting Based on Evolutionary KNEA Method and Numerical Weather Prediction
Authors: Duan Guosheng , Wu Lifeng , Liu Fa , Wang Yicheng , Wu Shaofei
Published: June 2022

Accurate forecasting of solar radiation (Rs) is significant to photovoltaic power generation and agricultural management. The National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NECP) has released its latest Global Ensemble Forecast System version 12 (GEFSv12) prediction product; however, the capability of this numerical weather product for Rs forecasting has not been evaluated. This study intends to establish a coupling algorithm based on a bat algorithm (BA) and Kernel-based nonlinear extension of Arps decline (KNEA) for post-processing 1–3 d ahead Rs forecasting based on the GEFSv12 in Xinjiang of China. The new model also compares two empirical statistical methods, which were quantile mapping (QM) and Equiratio cumulative distribution function matching (EDCDFm), and compares six machine-learning methods, e.g., long-short term memory (LSTM), support vector machine (SVM), XGBoost, KNEA, BA-SVM, BA-XGBoost. The results show that the accuracy of forecasting Rs from all of the models decreases with the extension of the forecast period. Compared with the GEFS raw Rs data over the four stations, the RMSE and MAE of QM and EDCDFm models decreased by 20% and 15%, respectively. In addition, the BA-KNEA model was superior to the GEFSv12 raw Rs data and other post-processing methods, with R2 = 0.782–0.829, RMSE = 3.240–3.685 MJ m−2 d−1, MAE = 2.465–2.799 MJ m−2 d−1, and NRMSE = 0.152–0.173.
XGBoost-DNN Mixed Model for Predicting Driver’s Estimation on the Relative Motion States during Lane-Changing Decisions: A Real Driving Study on the Highway
Authors: Zhao Chen , Zhao Xia , Li Zhao , Zhang Qiong
Published: June 2022

This study is conducted on a real live highway to investigate the driver’s performance in estimating the speed and distance of vehicles behind the target lane during lane changes. Data on the participants’ estimated and actual data on the rear car were collected in the experiment. Ridge regression is used to analyze the effects of both the driver’s features, as well as the relative and absolute motion characteristics between the target vehicle and the subject vehicle, on the driver’s estimation outcomes. Finally, a mixed algorithm of extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) and deep neural network (DNN) was proposed in this paper for establishing driver’s speed estimation and distance prediction models. Compared with other machine learning models, the XGBoost-DNN prediction model performs more accurate prediction performance in both classification scenarios. It is worth mentioning that the XGBoost-DNN mixed model exhibits a prediction accuracy approximately two percentage points higher than that of the XGBoost model. In the two-classification scenarios, the accuracy estimations of XGBoost-DNN speed and distance prediction models are 91.03% and 92.46%, respectively. In the three-classification scenarios, the accuracy estimations of XGBoost-DNN speed and distance prediction models are 87.18% and 87.59%, respectively. This study can provide a theoretical basis for the development of warning rules for lane-change warning systems as well as insights for understanding lane-change decision failures.
Field Study on the Side Resistance-Softening and Resistance-Reinforcing Effects of Large-Diameter Combined Grouting Drilled Shafts
Authors: Hu Tao , Dai Guoliang , Wan Zhihui , Gong Weiming
Published: June 2022

The traditional design method for drilled shafts rarely considers the influence of construction effect and tip resistance on side resistance, and lacks attempts to improve the performance of drilled shafts without increasing drilled shafts sizing, economic costs and carbon emissions. In this paper, the influences of construction-effect and shaft tip resistance on the side resistance of large-diameter drilled shafts before and after combined grouting were studied by full-scale field tests. The reinforcing effect of combined grouting on bearing capacity was confirmed, and the potential of applying combined grouting to realize sustainable development, the economy, and environmental protection was introduced. The mechanisms of softening-effect and reinforcing-effect on the side resistance of large-diameter drilled shaft are discussed in depth. The field test results showed that the construction-effect and shaft tip sediments caused the side resistance to soften, and the lower the shaft tip resistance, the more serious the side resistance softening-effect. The mobilization of side resistance was affected by the soil strength underneath the shaft tip. The shaft tip bearing capacity was improved after sediment compression, which helped to reinforce the side resistance near the shaft tip. Combined grouting improved the side resistance reinforcing-effect even further and broadened the range of soil layers that can benefit from it. The fundamental reason influencing the side resistance softening-effect and reinforcing-effect of the drilled shaft was the change in soil radial effective stress. This research provided certain references for improving the performance of drilled shafts without increasing drilled shafts sizing, economic costs and carbon emissions.
A Study on the Implicit Structure of Historical Environment in Urban Space of Xuzhou
Authors: Lin Yan , Luo Pingjia
Published: June 2022

Since the 1980s, China has experienced an unprecedentedly rapid urbanization process, during which the historical environment of many cities has been damaged to some extent. Accordingly, the fragmented historical environment poses great challenges to the protection of the city’s overall historical form and inheritance of cultural context. The interactive relationship between man and nature formed in the process of urban evolution and the form of life supported by it constitute the implicit structure of historical environment. However, as a means by which historical culture influences urban construction, the implicit structure of historical environment has been easily neglected in previous studies. Taking Xuzhou as a case study, this paper studies how the concept of “the Harmony Between Man and Nature” influences the formation of urban historical environment structure. The research methods employed are literature analysis, field investigation, mapping analysis, classified statistical analysis, and schema analysis. From the three dimensions of natural landscape, underground space, and age-old historical buildings, this paper reveals the form and characteristics of implicit structure of historical environment formed in the interaction between urban construction and natural environment. The results show that the natural landscapes of Xuzhou serve as the foundation and core characteristics of the formation of Xuzhou’s historical environment; underground space and age-old historical architecture can trace the long history of city development and reflect the overlapping spatial marks of different ages. Based on the characteristics of Xuzhou’s implicit structure of historical environment, the paper explores the possibility of guiding urban renewal based on such aspects as form control, resource integration, and multi-cultural display. Hopefully, this study is of some help to achieve the balance between and fusion of modern construction and historical inheritance in urban renewal.
Dynamic Versus Static Life Cycle Assessment of Energy Renovation for Residential Buildings
Authors: Van de moortel Els , Allacker Karen , De Troyer Frank , Schoofs Erik , Stijnen Luc
Published: June 2022

Currently, a life cycle assessment is mostly used in a static way to assess the environmental impacts of the energy renovation of buildings. However, various aspects of energy renovation vary in time. This paper reports the development of a framework for a dynamic life cycle assessment and its application to assess the energy renovation of buildings. To investigate whether a dynamic approach leads to different decisions than a static approach, several renovation options of a residential house were compared. To identify the main drivers of the impact and to support decision-making for renovation, a shift of the reference study period—as defined in EN 15643-1 and EN 15978—is proposed (from construction to renovation). Interventions related to the energy renovation are modelled as current events, while interventions and processes that happen afterwards are modelled as future events, including dynamic parameters, considering changes in the operational energy use, changes in the energy mix, and future (cleaner) production processes. For a specific case study building, the dynamic approach resulted in a lower environmental impact than the static approach. However, the dynamic approach did not result in other renovation recommendations, except when a dynamic parameter for electricity production was included.
Factors Affecting Small and Micro Enterprise Performance with the Mediating Effect of Government Support: Evidence from the Amhara Region Ethiopia
Authors: Zhang Youtang , Ayele Eshetu Yesuf
Published: June 2022

This paper aims to examine Factors Affecting Small and Micro Enterprise Performance with the Mediating Effect of Government Support; Evidence from Amhara Region Ethiopia. This study used both qualitative and quantitative research methodology. The proposed research model used a Structural equation model, growth path modeling analysis, and correlation matrix. The study also used both primary and secondary data sources. The study employed 384 determined entrepreneur leader and employee respondents through purposive sampling techniques and simple random sampling to estimate the required clusters. The findings of the study show that the mediating role of government support affects the independent variables by 0.971 *** enterprise performance. Moreover, the independent variables entrepreneur competence, 0.841 ***, microfinance, =0.714 **, infrastructure, 0.861 ** and entrepreneur training 0.831 ** have a positive and significant impact on enterprise performance. Microfinance and entrepreneur training are major factors that influence the enterprises’ performance next to the mediating role of government support. Therefore, the Small and micro enterprise besides government supporting role have gaps in enterprises’ performance due to lack of long-term loans, access to lease machines, unfair interest rates, production and selling the place, shortage of defining SMEs, and structural limitations. To solve currently existing limitations, the regional government should take policy measures to supply long-term loan financing, access to lease machines, fair interest rate, and working and selling places through a cluster management approach, re-define and restructure the existing SMEs strategy. This study suggests to executives, policymakers, SMEs, and microfinance to use the for enterprises’ performance based on the proposed recommendation. Further research should be conducted for knowledge gap of the field in the study area.
The Influence of the Policy of Replacing Environmental Protection Fees with Taxes on Enterprise Green Innovation—Evidence from China’s Heavily Polluting Industries
Authors: Huang Suyu , Lin Hanlian , Zhou Yongjunbei , Ji Haonan , Zhu Naiping
Published: June 2022

This paper analyzes the impact of the policy of replacing environmental protection “fees” with “taxes” on enterprise green innovation based on the Chinese A-share listed companies sample from 2015 to 2019. This paper tries to analyze the factors that may affect the level of green innovation of enterprises and the ability of enterprise green innovation (GI) under the background of the implementation of this policy. This paper adopts the difference-in-differences method (DID), takes 1 January 2018 as the time variable demarcation boundary and uses the heavily polluting industry as the dummy variable boundary, conducts group research on the experimental variables, and observes and analyzes the impact of heavily polluting industries and non-heavy pollution before and after the implementation of the policy. It is found that the policy significantly improves green innovation and the R&D efficiency of green innovation of enterprises in heavy pollution industries. Further research reveals that after the implementation of the policy, large enterprises and private enterprises, compared with SMEs and state-owned enterprises, lay more stress on improving green innovation technology. In the end, it examines the relationship between senior executives’ academic research experience and enterprises’ green innovation and finds that senior executives’ academic research experience can not only promote green innovation, but also improve the R&D efficiency of green innovation. The research results of this paper provide a theoretical basis for decision makers and enterprise management in formulating rules and managing enterprises.
Emotional Labor and Professional Identity in Chinese Early Childhood Teachers: The Gendered Moderation Models
Authors: Xie Sha , Liang Luyao , Li Hui
Published: June 2022

The sustainable development of early childhood institutions in aging China calls for the sustainable development of early childhood teachers, which should attend to the balanced development between male and female teachers. Yet this issue has not been adequately investigated in the literature. To fill this research gap, this study explored the gender differences in Chinese early childhood (EC) teachers’ professional identity (PI) and emotional labor strategies. Altogether, 250 teachers (146 female and 104 male, Mage = 30.28 years, SD = 7.81) from Southern China were sampled and surveyed. First, the independent samples t-tests revealed significant gender differences in teachers’ PI, deep acting, and surface acting. Second, the structural equation modelling results demonstrated that PI fully mediated the relationship between teacher educational attainment, years of teaching experience, and natural and deep acting. Third, multigroup analysis confirmed different mediation paths for female and male teachers. These findings suggest that male and female early childhood teachers differed in their sense of PI and use of emotional labor strategies. Therefore, future policymaking efforts should design and implement teacher professional development (PD) programs and teacher support mechanisms catering to male EC teachers’ needs, characteristics, and difficulties in the Chinese EC workforce.
Improving Decodability of Polar Codes by Adding Noise
Authors: Kong Lingjun , Liu Haiyang , Hou Wentao , Dai Bin
Published: June 2022

This paper presents an online perturbed and directed neural-evolutionary (Online-PDNE) decoding algorithm for polar codes, in which the perturbation noise and online directed neuro-evolutionary noise sequences are sequentially added to the received sequence for re-decoding if the standard polar decoding fails. The new decoding algorithm converts uncorrectable received sequences into error-correcting regions of their decoding space for correct decoding by adding specific noises. To reduce the decoding complexity and delay, the PDNE decoding algorithm and sole neural-evolutionary (SNE) decoding algorithm for polar codes are further proposed, which provide a considerable tradeoff between the decoding performance and complexity by acquiring the neural-evolutionary noise in an offline manner. Numerical results suggest that our proposed decoding algorithms outperform the other conventional decoding algorithms. At high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) region, the Online-PDNE decoding algorithm improves bit error rate (BER) performance by more than four orders of magnitude compared with the conventional simplified successive cancellation (SSC) decoding algorithm. Furthermore, in the mid-high SNR region, the average normalized complexity of the proposed algorithm is almost the same as that of the SSC decoding algorithm, while preserving the decoding performance gain.
Traumatic Associations amongst Men and Women Selling Sex in the Philippines
Authors: Urada Lianne A. , Ly Jasmine H. , Simbulan Nymia Pimentel , Hernandez Laufred I. , Reed Elizabeth E.
Published: June 2022

Background: The present study explores trauma-related factors (human trafficking or physical or sexual violence during transactional sex) associated with interest in future community mobilization around health and human rights. Community mobilization among persons selling sex aims to help participants overcome trauma and increase self-reliance through peer advocacy and collective action for improved human conditions. However, how violence and human trafficking impact community mobilization participation among men and women selling sex is less known. Methods: The current study uses data (n = 96) from the baseline survey of participants in the pilot Kapihan community mobilization intervention, which recruited 37 men and 59 women from Metro Manila, Philippines. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyze factors (violence, human trafficking) independently associated with the desire to participate in community mobilization, adjusting for socio-demographic variables. Results: An increased interest in participating in community mobilization around health and human rights was significantly associated with having experienced physical or sexual abuse in the sex trade (AOR = 10.86; CI 1.48–79.69) and less history of trafficking (AOR = 0.14; 95% CI 0.02–0.97), adjusting for age, gender, income, number of children, and whether they considered group goals or had previously participated in community mobilization. Conclusion: Understanding the impact of experiences with physical and sexual violence and human trafficking on health and human rights mobilization participation can inform the design and recruitment for future community-based interventions. Further investigation needs to explore why experiences with human trafficking, having more children, or being a woman lessened the desire to mobilize in this Philippines context. Findings imply that trauma may be more complex. More work is needed to better identify interventions for those with a history of being trafficked or victimized by physical or sexual violence during transactional sex exchanges.
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Patterns of Neisseria gonorrhoeae from Patients Attending Sexually Transmitted Infections Clinics in Six Regions in Tanzania
Authors: Aboud Said , Buhalata Simon N. , Onduru Onduru G. , Chiduo Mercy G. , Kwesigabo Gideon P. , Mshana Stephen E. , Manjurano Alphaxard M. , Temu Mansuet M. , Kishamawe Coleman , Changalucha John M.
Published: June 2022

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is global health threat that is on the increase, and it has been adversely affecting the proper management of sexually transmitted infections (STI). Data on antimicrobial susceptibility testing patterns of N. gonorrhoeae are limited in local settings. We determined in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility and phenotypic profiles of N. gonorrhoeae isolated from STI/Outpatient Department (OPD) clinics. Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) (µg/mL) were determined using E-Test and agar dilution methods for previously and currently recommended antimicrobial agents. A total of 164 N. gonorrhoeae isolates from urethral discharge and endocervical swabs were tested. The prevalence of resistant N. gonorrhoeae to tetracycline, norfloxacin, penicillin and ciprofloxacin were 98.6%, 82.2%, 84.3% and 75.6%, respectively. None of the isolates was resistant to kanamycin. Penicillinase producing N. gonorrhoeae (PPNG) was found to be 73.7%, with 56.7% and 43.3% observed among isolates from women and men, respectively. Tetracycline resistant-N. gonorrhoeae (TRNG) was found to be 34.0%, and QRNG with HLR to ciprofloxacin was 79.9%. The overall MDR-NG was 79.9%, and XDR-NG was 3.6%. MIC50 and MIC90 were 4.0 and 8.0 and 2.0 and 4.0 µg/mL for ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin, respectively. Dendrograms showed that 44 phenotypic groups are associated with a high rate of AMR among high MDR-NG and moderate XDR-NG isolates. The predominant groups of quinolone-resistant N. gonorrhoeae (QRNG)+PPNG (34.7%) and QRNG+PPNG+TRNG (32.9%) were observed among the isolates having HLR to ciprofloxacin. We reported a high prevalence of AMR (>90%) to previously recommended antimicrobials used for the treatment of gonorrhoea. Multidrug resistant N. gonorrhoeae (MDR-NG) was highly reported, and extensively drug resistant (XDR-NG) has gradually increased to the currently recommended cephalosporins including ceftriaxone and cefixime. Heterogeneous groups of QRNG+PPNG+ and QRNG+PPNG+TRNG were highly resistant to penicillin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin. A surveillance program is imperative in the country to curb the spread of AMR.
Cross-Reactive Immunity among Five Medically Important Mosquito-Borne Flaviviruses Related to Human Diseases
Authors: Hou Baohua , Chen Hui , Gao Na , An Jing
Published: June 2022

Flaviviruses cause a spectrum of potentially severe diseases. Most flaviviruses are transmitted by mosquitoes or ticks and are widely distributed all over the world. Among them, several mosquito-borne flaviviruses are co-epidemic, and the similarity of their antigenicity creates abundant cross-reactive immune responses which complicate their prevention and control. At present, only effective vaccines against yellow fever and Japanese encephalitis have been used clinically, while the optimal vaccines against other flavivirus diseases are still under development. The antibody-dependent enhancement generated by cross-reactive immune responses against different serotypes of dengue virus makes the development of the dengue fever vaccine a bottleneck. It has been proposed that the cross-reactive immunity elicited by prior infection of mosquito-borne flavivirus could also affect the outcome of the subsequent infection of heterologous flavivirus. In this review, we focused on five medically important flaviviruses, and rearranged and recapitulated their cross-reactive immunity in detail from the perspectives of serological experiments in vitro, animal experiments in vivo, and human cohort studies. We look forward to providing references and new insights for the research of flavivirus vaccines and specific prevention.
MicroRNA Regulation of Human Herpesvirus Latency
Authors: Chen Siyu , Deng Yue , Pan Dongli
Published: June 2022

Herpesviruses are ubiquitous human pathogens. After productive (lytic) infection, all human herpesviruses are able to establish life-long latent infection and reactivate from it. Latent infection entails suppression of viral replication, maintenance of the viral genome in infected cells, and the ability to reactivate. Most human herpesviruses encode microRNAs (miRNAs) that regulate these processes during latency. Meanwhile, cellular miRNAs are hijacked by herpesviruses to participate in these processes. The viral or cellular miRNAs either directly target viral transcripts or indirectly affect viral infection through host pathways. These findings shed light on the molecular determinants that control the lytic-latent switch and may lead to novel therapeutics targeting latent infection. We discuss the multiple mechanisms by which miRNAs regulate herpesvirus latency, focusing on the patterns in these mechanisms.
High Prevalence of Porcine Circovirus 3 in Hungarian Pig Herds: Results of a Systematic Sampling Protocol
Authors: Igriczi Barbara , Dénes Lilla , Biksi Imre , Albert Ervin , Révész Tamás , Balka Gyula
Published: June 2022

Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) is an emerging pathogen that has been reported worldwide in all ages of healthy and clinically ill pigs. The presence of this virus in Hungary has been confirmed in a commercial farm experiencing reproductive failures, but there were no data on the circulation of PCV3 in the country. Here we report the prevalence and the genetic diversity of PCV3 in Hungarian herds. To estimate the prevalence, 1855 serum samples, 176 oral fluid and 97 processing fluid samples were collected in a systematic, cross-sectional method from 20 large scale swineherds and tested by real-time qPCR. PCV3 was present in at least one type of diagnostic matrix in 19 out of the 20 (95%) pig farms. The highest detection rates were observed in the processing fluid samples (61%), but 41% of the oral fluid and 23% of the serum samples were positive. The virus was found in all age groups, and slightly more adult animals were infected than growing pigs, but the viral burden was lower amongst them. Phylogenetic analysis of nine complete genomes, obtained from either the sampled herds or organ samples of PCV3-positive carcasses, showed high nucleotide identity between the detected sequences, which all belonged to the PCV3a genotype. Our results indicate that PCV3 is widespread in Hungary, but in most cases, the virus seems to circulate subclinically, infecting all age groups and production phases without the presence of apparent clinical disease.
The Decentered Construction of Global Rights: Lessons from the Human Rights to Water and Sanitation
Authors: Brinks Daniel M. , Singh Arkaja , Wilson Bruce M.
Published: June 2022

Families in Flint, Michigan, protesting lead in their water, indigenous groups in the Amazon asserting control over their rivers, slum dwellers in India worried about disconnection or demanding cities bring potable water to their neighborhoods, an entire city in South Africa worried about the day when they will run out of water altogether—all these and many more have claimed the human right to water as the vehicle to express their demands. Where does this right come from, and how is its meaning constructed? In this article, we show that, in sociolegal terms, the global right to water, as are many others, is constructed out of the myriad struggles and claims of people who feel the lack of something that is essential to a dignified existence, and who cannot obtain an adequate response from their immediate political and legal environment. They do so in loose conversation with, but relatively unconstrained by, the meanings that are being constructed by the international and domestic legal experts who work on formal legal texts. We draw on research carried out around the world by a team of scholars whose articles are included in this Special Issue of the journal to illustrate the decentered construction of the right to water.
Correction: Ortega Guerrero, M.A. Numerical Analysis of the Groundwater Flow System and Heat Transport for Sustainable Water Management in a Regional Semi-Arid Basin in Central Mexico. Water 2022, 14, 1377
Authors: Ortega Guerrero Marcos Adrián
Published: June 2022

There were two errors in the original publication [...]
Global challenges of the 21st century and their reflection in the culture of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors:   Moscow University for the Humanities, Mironova Tatyana Nikolaevna
Published: June 2022

The article analyzes the problem of transformation of the cultural policy of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia under the influence of global trends in the protection of national heritage and integration into the modern global world. It is shown that in the second half of the 20th century, when accepting globalization as a given has already become part of the policy of the leading countries of the East, large-scale modernization of the economy followed the path of borrowing technologies and preserving national values. The pace of this process was quite fast, but since Eastern societies recognize the "constant of tradition", they carried out modernization and, at the same time, strengthened the appeal to "antiquity", the protection of national identity, putting forward the protective factor as an imperative of cultural policy, as well as the development of the creative potential of the nation.
Within the Framework of the Ottoman Scientific Heritage Arabic Linguists and Writers from Mudurnu
Authors: ÇİFÇİ Mehmet Faruk
Published: June 2022

This article is about the Arabic linguists of Mudurnu and their works. The reason for this is that there is no academic study about the works of these scholars yet. The information given in the sources about these scholars is extremely limited and their works have not been published -except for Sükûnî-. It is also remarkable that they were brought up in Mudurnu, not from the other districts of Bolu. For this reason, the first part of the study is devoted to the brief history of Mudurnu and its position in the Ottoman period. In addition, by examining the archive documents, information about the Ottoman madrasahs in Mudurnu was conveyed, so that it was tried to contribute to the researches about the district. In the second part of the study, the works of these Mudurnu scholars were examined in terms of the Arabic language, in addition their sources were determined and their contributions to the field were emphasized. Based on these features, it is possible to say that the study has the identity of a qualitative analysis and a bibliography devoted to a limited geography. As a result of this study, it was determined that linguists such as Ramazan Mehmet, Shaykh Muhammed b. Mustafa and Ismail an-Nāsih were from Mudurnu and they produced valuable works on the science of Naḥw, Literature and Furūq. On the other hand, it was concluded that this situation may be related to the early accession of Mudurnu to the Ottoman lands and its geographical location.
EVALUATION OF LAHN ISSUE ACCORDING TO HADITHISTS
Authors: YAĞCI Hızır
Published: June 2022

The concept of lahn which was used in the early periods as taking the word in a different direction started to be used for expressions contrary to i‘rab However, in the examples given in the hadith sources, it is seen that the concept of lahn is used for expressions contrary to i‘rab, it is also used to cover grammatical errors in a general sense. The lahn which became widespread with the Arabs starting tol ive together with people from different ethnic origins, usually stems from not knowing Arabic and tasheef. Although muhaddithun accepted the absence of lahn in the narratör as an issue that strengthens the narrator’s dhabt, they ruled that the presence of lahn does not harm the narrator’s justice. For this reason, narrators who are known to make grammatical errors are also accepted as thiqa (reliable). It does not seem appropriate to claim that the narration assumed to be lahn is weak or fabricated fort his reason alone, since different uses arising from dialect differecens are not considered lahn and grammatical defects allegedely occuring as i‘rab errors can be interpreted differently. Because, it has been seen that there are other reasons why the narrations with grammatical errors are considered weak. The use of hypothetical examples by those who argue that the words cannot be trusted in the event that there is a situation in the hadith that violates the meaning also supports our opinion.
Beach nourishment provides resilient protection for critical coastal infrastructure
Authors: Houston James
Published: June 2022

Hurricanes this century have produced almost a trillion dollars in damages in the U.S., often to critical infrastructure that requires large costs and unacceptable times to repair or replace. There is a need for resilient protection of critical infrastructure where the protection must have the “ability to anticipate, absorb, adapt to, and/or rapidly recover from a potentially disruptive event” and be cost-effective. Coastal infrastructure can be protected by moving infrastructure back from the ocean (retreat), building protective structures, or by beach nourishment to effectively move the ocean back from the infrastructure. Retreat is very costly and highly unpopular on developed shores. Structures are expensive and lack resilience because their failure is usually catastrophic and repair slow. Beach nourishment is the favored protection option on developed shorelines because it significantly reduces infrastructure damage, provides resilient protection, and is cost effective with a high return on investment.
The aftermath of Hurricane Sandy provided an example of the tremendous reduction of infrastructure damage due to beach nourishment. Dr. Stewart Farrell, director of the Coastal Research Center in New Jersey, reported: “It really, really works. Where there was a federal beach fill in place, there was no major damage — no homes destroyed. Where there was no beach nourishment, the destruction was complete. Older homes were ripped from foundations and tossed about.” A post-Sandy analysis showed that Corps of Engineers’ beach nourishment projects saved an estimated $1.3 billion in avoided damages.
Beach nourishment provides resilient protection. It is partially self-healing, because during a storm some of the sand moves to offshore bars where it causes waves to break and reduces infrastructure damage, and then much of it returns to shore after the storm passes. It can be repaired relatively rapidly by use of a mobile dredge to replace net sand loss. It is a highly adaptable approach to climate change because its rate of sand placement can be varied to raise profiles to offset increased sea level rise. Beach nourishment pays for itself as nice, wide beaches sit in readiness to protect critical coastal infrastructure from storms, while in the meantime, tourists typically generate more than $100 in taxes annually to local, state, and the federal governments for every $1 these governments invest in beach nourishment.
Kemampan Self-Regulated Learning, Flow Experience Perkuliahn Daring Selama Masa Pandemi Covid-19 pada Mahasiswa
Authors: Ifani Candra  , Sherrien Julianni Sarvica
Published: June 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kemampuan self-regulated learning dengan flow experience perkuliahan daring selama pandemi covid-19 pada mahasiswa Jurusan Teknik Informatika Angkatan 2018 di Universitas Putra Indonesia “YPTK” Padang. Variabel bebas dalam penelitian ini self-regulated learning dan variabel terikatnya adalah flow experience. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kuantitatif. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa Jurusan Teknik Informatika Angkatan 2018 di Universitas Putra Indonesia “YPTK” Padang berjumlah 133 orang. Teknik sampling pada penelitian ini adalah teknik simple random sampling. Uji validitas dan reliabilitas pada penelitian ini menggunakan teknik Alpha Cronbach. Indeks daya beda aitem pada skala self-regulated learning ini bergerak dari rix=0,320, sampai dengan rix=0,769 dengan Koefisien Reliabilitas sebesar α=0,910. Sedangkan skala flow experience memiliki indeks daya beda aitem rix=0,301, sampai dengan rix=0,757 Dengan koefisien reliabilitas α=0,865. Berdasarkan analisis data diperoleh nilai korelasi antara skala self-regulated learning dengan flow experience perkuliahan daring selama masa pandemi covid-19 pada mahasiswa Jurusan Teknik Informatika Angakatan 2018 di Universitas Putra Indonesia “YPTK” sebesar 0,688 dengan taraf signifikansi p = 0,000 (P<0,001). Berarti hipotesis diterima.
Wenn hinter einer Immunthrombozytopenie, einer vermeintlichen Sarkoidose, rezidivierendem Fieber oder einer Lymphadenopathie ein angeborener Immundefekt steckt
Authors: Prader Seraina , Blanchard Rohner Géraldine , Drozdov Daniel , Güngör Tayfun , Pachlopnik Schmid Jana
Published: June 2022

Angeborene Immundefekte sind einerseits selten, anderseits zeigen sie eine sehr variable initiale Symptomatik und stellen deshalb eine diagnostische Herausforderung dar. Prinzipiell können bei angeborenen Immundefekten drei Hauptprobleme auftreten: Beeinträchtigung der Infektabwehr, erhöhtes Malignomrisiko und Immundysregulation (z.B. Autoimmunerkrankungen und autoinflammatorische Syndrome).
Immunodéficience primaire - guide pratique pour les pédiatres
Authors: Arlabosse Tiphaine , Theodoropoulou Katerina , Candotti Fabio
Published: June 2022

Il n’est pas aisé de distinguer le normal de l’inhabituel en ce qui concerne les infections durant les premières années de vie. En effet, le système immunitaire est alors encore en plein développement et l’exposition microbienne est généralement importante, en particulier dans un contexte de garde en collectivité. Le but de cet article est de clarifier les éléments faisant suspecter un déficit immunitaire primaire, de proposer un bilan biologique ainsi que son rationnel et quelques éléments de suivi des patients avec immunodéficience dont le rôle du pédiatre de premier recours doit rester central. Nous n’aborderons pas ici l’immunodéficience secondaire à des traitements ou des infections.
Lorsque derrière une thrombocytopénie, une sarcoïdose présumée, une fièvre récidivante ou une lymphadénopathie se cache un déficit immunitaire congénital
Authors: Prader Seraina , Blanchard Rohner Géraldine , Drozdov Daniel , Güngör Tayfun , Pachlopnik Schmid Jana
Published: June 2022

Les déficits immunitaires congénitaux sont d’une part rares, d’autre part la symptomatologie initiale est très variable, leur diagnostic représente donc un défi. En principe un déficit immunitaire congénital peut se manifester par trois problèmes principaux: une perturbation de la défense immunitaire, un risque élevé de tumeurs malignes et une dysrégulation immunitaire (p.ex. maladies auto-immunes et syndromes auto-inflammatoires).
Hazlitt, Hayek, and How the Fed Made Itself into the World's Biggest Savings and Loan
Authors: Pollock Alex
Published: June 2022

The Federal Reserve is the biggest savings and loan in the world, in addition to being the most dangerous financial institution in the world. It does not and cannot know what the results of its own actions will be. But its mortgage portfolio growth would not be surprising to students of Hazlitt, Hayek, and Mises, who expect governments and central banks always to try to expand their power.
Ankara Batı Kesimi Zeminlerin Dinamik Özellikleri
Authors: KARABIYIKOĞLU Tolga , DİKMEN Ünal
Published: June 2022

Günümüzde verilerin toplanması ve analiz edilmesindeki kolaylıkları nedeniyle doğal kaynaklı sismik yöntemler mikro bölgeleme çalışmalarında tercih edilmektedir. Ankara İlinin batısında yer alan, yerleşimin hızlı arttığı Ankara Çayı yatağını oluşturan Kuvaterner çökel birimin kalınlığını, kayma dalgası hızının derinlikle değişimini ve rezonans frekansını belirlemek amacıyla 18 farklı noktada Genişletilmiş Uzamsal Öz İlişki (SPAC) yöntemi ile veriler toplanmış ve değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar araştırmaya konu olan Kuvaterner yaşlı birimin beklenenden daha kalın olduğunu ve değişken geometri sunduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Bulgular uluslararası yapı kodlarında ve yönetmeliklerinde yer alan ve jeoteknik mühendisliğinde yaygın olarak kullanılan Vs30 değerinin bu tür bölgeler için yeterli olamayacağına işaret etmektedir.
Error Analysis in Using Chinese Words “Qiwang期望” and “Yuanwang愿望” of STBA-PIA Second Year Student 2019/2020 Academic Year
Authors: Marlim Yenny , Kanita Jesis
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this research is to understand the error types and the error causes of Sekolah Tinggi Bahasa Asing Persahabatan Internasional Asia (STBA-PIA) second year students in using the Chinese words “Qiwang期望” and “Yuanwang愿望”. The design of this research is a descriptive qualitative and using both elicitation and interview methods for data collection. Picture description and elicited imitation methods are applied as the instruments used for describing the error types in using the Chinese words “Qiwang期望” and “Yuanwang愿望”, while interview method is used in defining the causes of errors occurred in using the Chinese words “Qiwang期望” and “Yuanwang愿望”. The results of this study show that there are four types of errors occured in using Chinese words “Qiwang期望” and “Yuanwang愿望” by STBA-PIA second year students which are error of addition (14.6%), error of substitution (66.5%), error of order (12.6%) and error of omission (6.3%). The results also show that there are two types of error causes, they are interlingual transfer (51.7%) and intralingual transfer (48.3%) in which the intralingual transfer includes the overgeneralization (17.2%), ignore of rule restriction (13.8%), incomplete application of rules (10.3%) and false concept hypothesized (7%). Keywords: Error, Chinese Word, 期望(qiwang), 愿望(yuanwang)
Bank Regulation and Stability: Lesson Learned From the Indonesian Banking Sector
Authors: Danarsari Dwi Nastiti , Viverita Viverita
Published: June 2022

The 1997 financial crisis had severe impact on Indonesian banking. In late 1997, 16 banks were insolvent and eventually closed (Margono, Sharma, & Melvin, 2010). Based on data from the World Bank, the economic growth declined sharply to -13.1% in 1998. Thus, to recover from the crisis, Indonesia’s economy needed about 51% of its GDP. Furthermore, the subsequent global financial crisis in 2008 slowed the Indonesian economic growth from 6.3% in 2007 to 6.1% in 2007 (Bank Indonesia, 2008). Hence, to avoid the same experience, the central bank devoted a thoughtful effort to maintain bank stability, including adopting the Basel principle, where capital is one of the strictly regulated aspects. This study is motivated by the journey of the Indonesian banking sector to achieve and maintain bank stability under different business cycles, from a country suffering amid the Asian financial crisis to achieving above 1 trillion GDP in late 2017 (World Bank, 2018). It is a bank-based country that faces the phenomena of “too big to fail,” “too important to fail” (Pangestu & Habir, 2002), and “too many to fail” (Brown & Din, 2011).

Keywords: Bank Regulation, Bank Stability, Capital Regulation, Capital Requirement
Researching on Data Culture and Its Application in Solving Organizational Problems
Authors: Tung Tran Minh
Published: June 2022

The volume of data that individuals & businesses create tends to increase rapidly, leading to the challenge of how to leverage them to create real value? That's why more and more businesses are engaged in pursuing Data Culture & orienting it to become the number one priority (according to Gartner's survey). However, the transition from instinct-driven decision-making to data-driven decision making is not an easy process. From culture to logistics, there are countless barriers that organizations must navigate in order to make optimal use of cultural data to their benefit. This Paper is based in the following Research Design. It first seeked the theoretical framework on Data-Driven Culture, Data-Driven Marketing and its importance in an Organization. Then, via the application of Data Analytics – An application that analyzes data to identify problems and solutions, the Paper then proposes this data as the backbone for all activities and decisions in the process of planning, implementing, and optimizing operations. Thirdly, it researches a sample case study of Common types of data in Performance Marketing and Marketing data analysis process. The study has shown very significant results. One of the primary outcomes of this research is to find out the definition of Data Driven Culture, Data-Driven Marketing and related theorectical framworks. In addition, the findings showed a Case Study of Performance Marketing which reveals the Data Driven Culture, Data-Driven Marketing and its applications for business decison making and for Enterprises problems solving.

Keywords: Data-driven culture, data-driven marketing, performance marketing, data-driven decision making