bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on the Optical Parameters of Different Particle Sizes Considering Particle Group Reflectivity
Authors: Xie Peng , Lv Lianghai , Liu Juntong , Chen Kechao
Published: August 2023

With the rapid advancements in laser and detection technology, it is now possible to obtain the physical properties of particles. Analyzing the physical properties of particles can establish the foundation for further research on the optical field transmission of particles in the micron
range. The transport model of unpolarized particles is constructed by applying the unpolarized transport technology, and the Stokes vector is used to calculate the transport characteristics of the particle to obtain the four-dimensional mathematical vector that represents average light intensity.
A random matrix is established with the help of the Markov chain to transmit unpolarized characteristic parameters of particles and to investigate the energy levels of a vast number of particles. According to the Mie scattering theory, the spatial intensity distribution function of light scattering
is calculated, and the experiment on the characteristic parameter of the particle is carried out based on the results of a photoelectric detector, and compared with the numerical simulation. By analyzing the mathematical model, the accuracy and effectiveness of the model are verified, which
provides theoretical support for further research on particle physics.
Time Synchronization Method of Low-Voltage Distribution Network Based on Wi-Fi and Voltage Detection
Authors: Xue Bolin , Chen Yu , Altameem Torki
Published: August 2023

Under the background of frequent electric fires caused by leakage and arc faults, the low-voltage distribution network uses the Internet of Things technology to solve the problem of low-voltage monitoring, so as to ensure the safe use of electricity. In order to tag the collected data
with time tags, a large number of low-voltage terminal units need to have time synchronization function, while the cost and accuracy of existing time synchronization methods cannot adapt to the demand of low-voltage distribution network monitoring system. Based on analyzing the demand of low-voltage
distribution network monitoring function for time synchronization, this paper puts forward a time synchronization method combining WiFi communication with voltage detection by taking advantage of the characteristics of short low-voltage line and small voltage phase angle change at both ends
of the line. Time synchronization of low-voltage terminal unit at the time when the power frequency voltage crosses the zero point, using WiFi communication to transmit time synchronization commands. This method is economical and does not require additional equipment. Finally, the feasibility
of the method is verified by building a test system, and the time synchronization accuracy can be within 1 ms.
A Photonic Time-Interleaved ADC Architecture Based on Optical Clock Distribution and Elector-Optical Modulation Technology
Authors: Lyu Fangxing , Xiong Zekang , Li Fei , Fang Xin
Published: August 2023

A photonic time-interleaved analog-to-digital conversion (PTIADC) scheme by exploring optical clock distribution technology and elector-optical modulation technology is presented in this work. In the proposed PTIADC system, the interleaved sampling clocks for several channel analog-to-digital
converters (ADCs) are implemented by optical clocks. A proof-of-concept experiment with a four-channel 400 MS/s PTIADC system has been achieved, and the performance has been experimentally demonstrated. Experimental results show that the proposed method can offer four-channel clock signals
with low-timing jitters. The effective number of bits (ENOB) of the constructed PTIADC is ∼6 bits. Additionally, timing mismatch calibration via conveniently adjusting the length of optical delay lines produces a 26 dB spur suppression.
Green Synthesis of Therapeutically Active Heterocyclic Scaffolds: A Review
Authors: Mohammed Tasneem , Nasreen Aayesha , Alqahtani Yahya S. , Shaikh Ibrahim Ahmed , Iqubal Shakeel , Fathima Shaik Honey , Khan Aejaz A.
Published: August 2023

Green chemistry lowers chemical hazards during chemical design, manufacture, and use. By using cleaner solvents, catalysts, and reaction conditions, this technique reduces environmental pollution and boosts atom economy and energy efficiency. Rapid industrialization and urbanization
are causing significant harm to our environment by releasing a lot of dangerous and undesired chemicals, gases, or other pollutants. The secrets hidden in nature and its by-products must now be discovered by us in order to enhance the synthesis of physiologically significant moieties and foster
its growth. Heterocyclic compounds and its derivatives exhibit various biological potential like anticancer, antimicrobial, anticonvulsant, analgesic, antitubercular, antiinflammatory and cardiovascular activities. This make them good candidates for future medication discovery and give them
the potential to be an arsenal for treating diseases. This article provides an overview of the numerous environmentally friendly and green synthetic techniques used to create diverse physiologically significant heterocyclic scaffolds in the period 2002–2022. It is anticipated that this
compilation of pertinent information will be of significance and practical value to chemists specializing in organic and pharmaceutical domains, potentially stimulating additional advancements in reaction development within this captivating area of study.
Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1: A Promoter of Proliferation and Metastasis in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Cells
Authors: He Ping , Zhang Yi
Published: August 2023

To determine the effect and mechanism of Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) on papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) cells. We use TPC-1, one of PTC cell lines to evaluate the effects of IGF-1. SiRNA is used to reduce the effect of IGF-1R. In this study, TPC-1 cells were treated with
recombinant human IGF-1, and the effects of IGF-1 on proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis of TPC-1 cells were studied by using Cell counting kit-8, 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine, colony formation, Transwell assay and flow cytometry. Compared with the control group, the proliferation
ability of TPC-1 cells stimulated by IGF-1 was significantly increased. Cell cycle and apoptosis are not affected by IGF-1. IGF-1 enhances the ability of migration and invasion of TPC-1 cells. The expression of MMP2 increased and the expression of p53 decreased after IGF-1 stimulation in TPC-1
cells. After IGF-1 stimulation, the proliferation, migration and invasion ability of TPC-1 cells were enhanced. MMP2 and p53 may play an important role in proliferation and migration. This may provide a new therapeutic target for patients with PTC.
Viewing Weather as the Expression of Climate
Authors: Seitter Keith L.
Published: August 2023

It is common when speaking colloquially to describe climate as the average weather, which implies weather is the driver and climatic averages are a passive by-product of it, but it is useful to reframe this toward weather being the “expression” of climate. That is, a region’s climate defines the range of weather it might experience (including the extent and frequency of extremes). In this framing, weather is driven by a region’s climate. A changing climate then, necessarily, is experienced as a change in local weather events—often most visibly through changes in the extent or frequency of extreme weather.
Revisiting Environmental Wind and Moisture Calculations in the Context of Tropical Cyclone Intensification
Authors: Nebylitsa Samantha , Majumdar Sharanya J. , Nolan David S.
Published: August 2023

Deep-layer vertical wind shear and midtropospheric relative humidity (RH) are explored in and around environments of all intensifying North Atlantic tropical cyclones (TCs) between 1980 and 2021 using reanalysis data. Shear and RH are averaged within the standard environmental annulus of 200–800 km, along with a 100–600-km annulus, and a 0–250-km radius to represent the inner core and TC itself. Distributions of shear and RH at onset along with a time series of evolution from 48 h prior to and after onset of three different intensification rates, slight [5–10 kt (24 h)−1; 1 kt ≈ 0.51 m s−1], moderate [15–25 kt (24 h)−1], and rapid [≥30 kt (24 h)−1], are analyzed. RH is also investigated within different shear environments and in shear-relative quadrants around the storm. While low shear and high RH are found to be most favorable for rapid intensification (RI), there is still a significant probability that RI will occur within less favorable environments. RI cases decrease in 850–200-hPa shear in the 24 h leading up to RI, whereas slight intensification cases increase, which is evident in both the standard shear and a shallower layer at 48 h prior to onset. The inner-core RH for RI increases prior to onset whereas it decreases in the environments. RH analysis by shear-relative quadrants demonstrates the importance of moistening in the upshear-right quadrant before onset of RI. Results indicate the potential value of multiple annuli and shear-relative analysis for moisture and a shallower, 925–400-hPa layer for shear in RI forecasting.

Significance Statement

The purpose of this study was to investigate the wind and moisture around different areas of intensifying North Atlantic tropical cyclones between 1980 and 2021 using reanalysis data. Average wind and moisture evolve differently around the onset of different intensification rates as well as in different near and far regions from the storm center. These results provide additional indicators that forecasters may consider when examining how the environment around the storm and the situation in the inner core may influence its future intensity.
Social Protections and the COVID-19 Pandemic in Latin America
Authors: Rodrigues Viviane Isabela , Reis Carlos Nelson dos
Published: August 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic unleashed a socioeconomic catastrophe on the region with the highest rate of inequality in the world, Latin America. Never before have social protections (especially in public health) become so important and so demanded by large sections of society. A study of the social protection systems of some of the most important Latin American countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Uruguay) in the light of the observed ideopolitical alternation between progressive and conservative governments reveals how the sociopolitical environment gave rise to a neoconservative cycle that, in combination with the COVID-19 pandemic, resulted in the decay of these systems and the recognition of their importance.

A pandemia da COVID-19 desencadeou uma catástrofe socioeconômica na região com o maior índice de desigualdade do mundo, a América Latina. Nunca antes as proteções sociais (especialmente da saúde pública) se tornaram tão importantes e tão exigidas por grandes setores da sociedade. Um estudo dos sistemas de proteção social de alguns dos mais importantes países latino-americanos (Argentina, Brasil, Chile e Uruguai) à luz da alternância ideopolítica observada entre governos progressistas e conservadores revela como o ambiente sociopolítico deu origem a um ciclo neoconservador que, em combinação com a pandemia de COVID-19, resultou na decadência desses sistemas e no reconhecimento de sua importância.
Effect of intercalated and exfoliated graphite particles on the mechanical properties of polymer composite: A micromechanics-computational approach
Authors: Karimi Dona Mohammad Hosein , Taheri-behrooz Fathollah , Mohammadi Bijan
Published: August 2023

This study investigated the effects of intercalation and exfoliation of the graphite flake particles on the mechanical properties of elastomeric composites using analytical, computational, and experimental techniques. Relying on the modified Eshelby and incremental Mori–Tanaka approach, a new micromechanics model was proposed to estimate Young’s modulus and develop a constitutive model for expanded graphite (EG)-filled elastomer in finite strain deformation. It was found that when the initial graphite flakes expanded, the actual volume fraction and ultimate aspect ratio of the dispersed particles significantly affected the mechanical properties of the EG-reinforced composites. The present model and subsequent predictions reflect the initial flake diameter, actual volume fraction, ultimate aspect ratio of the particles, and other convenient physical properties of the composite constituents. In addition, molecular dynamics simulations were performed to evaluate the elastic properties of the EG-Matrix interphase region using the COMPASS force field function. The MD results showed that Young’s modulus of the interphase region increased significantly as the quantity of the graphene layer increased. The micromechanics-constitutive model results were validated using the experimentally determined stress–strain relation of the composites. EG- and CB-elastomer nanocomposite specimens were fabricated and tested in the experimental program. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analysis of the cryo-fractured surfaces of the elastomer compounds showed good interactions between the constituents. Numerical computations indicated that the proposed model incorporating the new parameters could accurately predict the experiment at a small particle concentration.
Trends in Socioeconomic Inequalities in Breast Cancer Incidence Among Women in Canada
Authors: Tweel Madeline , Johnston Grace M. , Hajizadeh Mohammad
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among females in Canada. This study examines trends in socioeconomic inequalities in the incidence of breast cancer in Canada over time from 1992 to 2010.

Methods

A census division level dataset was constructed using the Canadian Cancer Registry, Canadian Census of the Population and National Household Survey. A summary measure of the Concentration index (C), which captures inequality across socioeconomic groups, was used to measure income and education inequalities in breast cancer incidence over the 19-year period.

Results

The crude breast cancer incidence increased in Canada between 1992 and 2010. Age-standardized C values indicated no income or education inequalities in breast cancer incidence in the years from 1992 to 2004. However, the incidence was significantly concentrated among females in high income and highly educated neighbourhoods almost half the time in the 6 most recent years (2005–2010). The trend analysis indicated an increase in breast cancer incidence among females living in high income and highly educated neighbourhoods.

Conclusion

Breast cancer incidence in Canada was associated with increased socioeconomic status in some more recent years. Our study findings provide previously unavailable empirical evidence to inform discussions on socioeconomic inequalities in breast incidence.
Postharvest shelf life extension of minimally processed kale at ambient and refrigerated storage by use of modified atmosphere
Authors: Lourenco Antonella Barriga , Casajús Victoria , Ramos Romina , Massolo Facundo , Salinas Corel , Civello Pedro , Martínez Gustavo
Published: August 2023

Kale is becoming an important vegetable worldwide, mainly due to its nutritional properties. Kale leaves can be marketed whole, although minimal processing is also in demand. In this article, it was analyzed the effect of packaging in a modified atmosphere of fresh-cut kale leaves stored at 20 °C and 4 °C. Kale leaves were cut into 4 × 4 cm strips and stored in low-density polyethylene bags. Samples processed in the same way but stored in PVC were used as controls. Leaves kept in a modified atmosphere showed a delay in color change with Hue values from about 130 to 120 under PMA against 130 to 100 in control group (CTR) leaves. Chlorophyll degradation was also delayed in both storage temperatures. Samples stored under PMA showed about two times the levels of total chlorophylls with respect to CTR samples at the end of the storage. No changes in total sugar content were detected during storage and no differences were detected between control and modified atmospheres stored samples. Samples maintained in a modified atmosphere showed a lower decrement in soluble proteins and a lower rate of RUBISCO degradation at both temperatures. The relation of RUBISCO content PMA/CTR ranged from 1 to about 3 toward the end of storage No changes in phenols content were found when comparing control and treated samples. However, flavonoid and the antioxidant contents increased in samples stored in modified atmospheres with respect to their controls. We demonstrated that storage in modified atmospheres could be an adequate and simple methodology to extend postharvest life of this minimally processed product at both ambient and refrigerated storage.
The use of transarticular external fixation by arthrodiastasis in complex open proximal humeral fractures at Hospital Militar Central Colombia: A case series
Authors: Satizabal Azuelo Carlos , Cabrera Méndez María P. , Rozo López Gustavo Adolfo , Trouchon Jimenez Saith del Carmen , Sanchez Cruz Diego
Published: August 2023

Objective

To describe the clinical and surgical characteristics of external fixation technique to manage complex open proximal humerus fractures caused by high-energy firearm injuries at the Hospital Militar Central, Colombia.

Methods

A retrospective case series of patients with open complex proximal humerus fractures (Gustilo & Anderson III A-B or Neer III and IV) caused by long range or fragmentation weapons treated with external fixation. The variables are demographic data, range of motion, consolidation measurements, and functional outcomes according to the Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (Quick DASH) functional scale.

Results

Seven male patients, with high-energy injuries causing open complex proximal humerus fractures (Gustilo & Anderson III A-B or Neer III or IV) underwent surgical treatment with external fixation and arthrodiastasis. Median age was 21.0 (19–24) years, mean treatment duration was 5.6 (4–7) months, and all patients completed 15 months of follow-up. Mean postoperative active movement measurements were flexion: 80° (40°–120°), abduction 85.7° (40°–130°), external rotation: 24.7° (10°–45°), and internal rotation: 23.6° (10°–45°). Mean postoperative pain according to visual analog scale was 2.7 (1–4) and mean Quick DASH was 36.2 (15.9–58). Two patients presented postoperative complications, one case each of infection and osteitis.

Conclusion

Complex open proximal humeral fractures caused by high-energy trauma treated with transarticular external fixation via arthrodiastasis show promising short-term and mid-term results with low complication rates, low levels of postoperative pain, and moderate functional results. This external fixation technique seems to be a valid option for the treatment of polytraumatic patients with humeral injuries. Longer follow ups and larger sample sizes studies must be presented to better characterize the clinical and satisfaction outcomes.
Health literacy and pandemic coping in Leisure Time Monitors
Authors: Portela-Pino Iago , Brea-Castro Millán , Portela-Pino Clara , Pino-Juste Margarita
Published: August 2023

Introduction:

Health literacy allows us to make appropriate decisions about our self-care and to use health services appropriately, therefore, it conditions people’s health.

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to describe the level of health literacy of leisure time monitors and the influence of self-perception of health in times of pandemic.

Study design:

We used a cross-sectional observational design with non-probabilistic purposive sampling among leisure time monitors in the Autonomous Community of Galicia (Spain).

Method:

For this purpose, the HLS-EU-Q47 questionnaire measuring health literacy and a questionnaire measuring perception of COVID-19 were used.

Results:

The results verify that the monitors consider that the pandemic affects their daily life, that it will be a situation that will last for a long time, and they are very worried. The low level of health literacy of the leisure time monitors is also confirmed.

Conclusions:

Therefore, it seems urgent to evaluate the existing training programme and to include health education contents in this programme, given the involvement of leisure time monitors in the training of children and adolescents.
Digital technologies in dentistry in Saudi Arabia: Perceptions, practices and challenges
Authors: Radwan Hawazen A , Alsharif Alla T , Alsharif Maha T , Aloufi Mohammed R , Alshammari Bassam S
Published: August 2023

Background

The aim of this study was to assess practicing dentists’ characteristics and professional aspects that influence users to adopt Digital Technologies in Dentistry (DTD) in Saudi Arabia (SA). Moreover, we aimed to identify dentists’ perceived barriers and challenges and to anticipate future potential developments towards implementing DTDs in their practices in SA.

Methods

This analytical cross-sectional study based on a validated questionnaire was conducted using a snowball sampling technique to include a conveniently selected sample of dentists from all dental specialties currently working in SA.

Results

The response rate was 64% completed and returned. A statistically significantly large share of Gen X (10.1%) used digital technologies (DTs) in dental practice compared with non-digital users. 40% received sufficient postgraduate education on DT, 92% agreed that DT should be included in the undergraduate dental curriculum. However, 79% actually gained skills or knowledge on DT through workshops and formal courses. ‘Lack of practitioners’ awareness’, ‘lack of education and pioneers’ and ‘lack of clinical evidence’ were highlighted as the foremost barriers. Lower-frequency DT users believed that treating patients with DT makes treatment more predictable. Together, clinical trials and hands-on training courses can help overcome the barriers to the adoption of new dental technologies.

Conclusions

Exploring technology adoption and usage amongst practicing dentists allows healthcare stakeholders and policymakers to set a clear direction towards the digitalisation of the healthcare system and within healthcare organisations. The study also highlighted the foremost barriers, challenges and actions towards the adoption of DTDs.
Outcomes of Children Supported With Pulsatile Paracorporeal Ventricular Assist Device: Congenital Versus Acquired Heart Disease
Authors: Bleiweis Mark S. , Philip Joseph , Stukov Yuriy , Peek Giles J. , Janelle Gregory M. , Pitkin Andrew D. , Sullivan Kevin J. , Fudge James C. , Vyas Himesh V. , Hernandez-Rivera Jose F. , Neal Dan , Sharaf Omar M. , Jacobs Jeffrey P.
Published: August 2023

Background

We reviewed the outcomes of 82 consecutive pediatric patients (less than 18 years of age) supported with the Berlin Heart ventricular assist device (VAD), comparing those with congenital heart disease (CHD; n  =  44) with those with acquired heart disease (AHD; n  =  37).

Methods

The primary outcome was mortality after VAD insertion. Kaplan-Meier methods and log-rank tests were used to assess group differences in long-term survival.

Results

Forty-four CHD patients were supported (age: median  =  65 days, range  =  4 days-13.3 years; weight [kg]: median  =  4, range  =  2.4-42.3). Ten biventricular CHD patients were supported with eight biventricular assist devices (BiVADs), one left ventricular assist device (LVAD) only, and one LVAD converted to BiVAD, while 34 univentricular CHD patients were supported with single ventricle-ventricular assist devices (sVADs). In CHD patients, duration of VAD support was [days]: median  =  134, range  =  4-554. Of 44 CHD patients, 28 underwent heart transplantation, 15 died on VAD, and one was still on VAD. Thirty-seven AHD patients were supported (age: median  =  1.9 years, range  =  27 days-17.7 years; weight [kg]: median  =  11, range  =  3.1-112), including 34 BiVAD and 3 LVAD. In AHD patients, duration of VAD support was [days]: median  =  97, range  =  4-315. Of 37 AHD patients, 28 underwent transplantation, three died on VAD, five weaned off VAD (one of whom underwent heart transplantation 334 days after weaning), and one was still on VAD. One-year survival after VAD insertion was 59.9% (95% CI  =  46.7%-76.7%) in CHD and 88.6% (95% CI  =  78.8%-99.8%) in AHD, P  =  .0004. Five-year survival after VAD insertion was 55.4% (95% CI  =  40.8%-75.2%) in CHD and 85.3% (95% CI  =  74.0%-98.2%) in AHD, P  =  .002.

Conclusions

Pulsatile VAD facilitates bridge-to-transplantation in neonates, infants, and children with CHD; however, survival after VAD insertion is worse in patients with CHD than in patients with AHD.
A survey exploring the use of symptom diary mobile apps for endometriosis
Authors: Scheck Simon M , Hohmann-Marriott Bryndl , Faughnan Gary , Henry Claire
Published: August 2023

Background:

Symptom tracking for endometriosis has been validated with clinical benefits, however, there is limited evidence around the use of mobile apps for endometriosis symptom tracking.

Method:

We performed a survey of people with suspected or confirmed endometriosis in Aotearoa New Zealand to assess mobile app use for symptom tracking including which app is being used, how frequently symptoms are tracked, which features are most important and which features would be desired. We also explored willingness to share symptom data with clinicians and/or researchers.

Results:

A total of 188 survey responses were included. Mobile apps were used for symptom tracking by 83/188 (44.1%), with only 13 of 188 (6.9%) reporting they would not consider use of an app. Of current app users, 51.5% reported logging symptoms at least weekly. The most frequently desired features included tracking of specific symptoms (such as periods, pain, bowel symptoms, mental health symptoms), other tracking (such as medications and diet) and general app usability. Of those who use or would consider using an app 77.7% reported they would be comfortable sharing data with clinicians, and 76.1% reported they would be comfortable sharing anonymous data with researchers.

Discussion:

Almost half of participants reported using an app to track symptoms, and almost all reported they would consider use. Around three in four patients would be willing to share this data with clinicians and researchers, and therefore further focus on the utility of these apps may benefit patients directly, their relationship with healthcare providers and be utilised for further endometriosis research.
Myeloablative fractionated busulfan for allogeneic stem cell transplant in older patients or patients with comorbidities
Authors: Popat Uday R. , Pasvolsky Oren , Bassett Jr. Roland , Mehta Rohtesh S. , Olson Amanda , Chen Julianne , Alousi Amin M. , Al-Atrash Gheath , Bashir Qaiser , Gulbis Alison M. , Hosing Chitra M. , Im Jin S. , Kebriaei Partow , Khouri Issa , Marin David , Nieto Yago , Oran Betul , Saini Neeraj , Shigle Terri Lynn , Srour Samer A. , Ramdial Jeremy L. , Rezvani Katayoun , Qazilbash Muzaffar H. , Andersson Borje S. , Champlin Richard E. , Shpall Elizabeth J.
Published: August 2023

Traditional conditioning regimens for patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) provide suboptimal outcomes, especially for older patients and those with comorbidities. We hypothesized that a fractionated myeloablative busulfan dose delivered over an extended period would reduce nonrelapse mortality (NRM) while retaining antileukemic effects. Here, we performed a phase 2 trial for adults with hematological malignancies receiving matched related or unrelated allo-HCT. Participants received busulfan 80 mg/m2 as outpatients on days −20 and −13 before transplant. Fludarabine 40 mg/m2 was administered on days −6 to −3, followed by busulfan dosed to achieve a target area under the curve of 20 000 mol/min for the whole course. The primary end point was day-100 NRM. Seventy-eight patients were included, with a median age of 61 years (range, 39-70 years), who received transplantation for acute leukemia (24%), myelodysplastic syndrome (27%), or myeloproliferative disease/chronic myeloid leukemia (44%). HCT-specific comorbidity index (HCT-CI) was ≥3 in 34 (44%). With a median follow-up of 36.4 months (range, 2.9-51.5), the 100-day, 1-year, and 3-year NRM rates were 3.8%, 8%, and 9.3%, respectively, without a significant difference in age or HCT-CI score. The 1-year and 3-year relapse incidence was 10% and 18%, respectively. The 3-year overall survival was 80%, without a significant difference in age or HCT-CI score and was similar for patients aged >60 years and those aged <60 years as well as for those with HCT-CI ≥3 and HCT-CI <3. Overall, a myeloablative fractionated busulfan regimen has low NRM without an increase in relapse rate, resulting in promising survival, even in older patients or in patients with comorbidities. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT02861417.
Social determinants of advanced chronic respiratory interventions: a scoping review
Authors: Ly Lena , Pascoe Amy , Philip Jennifer , Hudson Peter , Smallwood Natasha
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Income, education, occupation, social class, sex and race/ethnicity are essential social determinants of health (SDH). Reporting of SDH when testing complex interventions for people with advanced chronic respiratory diseases or how they impact accessibility, engagement and effectiveness within sub-populations is unclear.

Aims and methods

This scoping review examined reporting of SDH in pulmonary rehabilitation (PR), singing for lung health (SLH) and multicomponent palliative care interventions (MPCI). Reporting of SDH was assessed from studies from PubMed and three systematic reviews.

Results

Eight SLH, 35 MPCI and 351 PR studies were included. Sex was most reported (PR: n=331, 94.3%; SLH: n=6, 75.0%; MPCI: n=31, 88.6%), while social class was only mentioned in one PR study (n=1, 0.3%). 18 PR studies (5.1%), two SLH studies (25.0%) and three MPCI studies (8.6%) reported no SDH. Included studies were predominantly from high-income countries (304 PR studies from 26 countries, six SLH studies from two countries and all the MPCI studies from 12 countries), published from 2000 to 2022 with reporting in PR progressively increasing.

Conclusion

Reporting of SDH is limited. Consequently, impacts of these social barriers on engagement in clinical trials or whether the complex interventions are effective universally or within certain sub-populations is unclear.
Relationship between alcohol and primary headaches: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Błaszczyk Bartłomiej , Straburzyński Marcin , Więckiewicz Mieszko , Budrewicz Sławomir , Niemiec Piotr , Staszkiewicz Martyna , Waliszewska-Prosół Marta
Published: August 2023

Background

Headache is one of the most common neurological symptoms. Many previous studies have indicated a relationship between primary headaches and alcohol. Drinking has been associated with increased risk of tension-type headache (TTH) and migraine. However, recently published studies have not confirmed this relationship. The existing literature is inconclusive; however, migraine patients avoid alcohol. Therefore, the primary objective was to provide a reliable assessment of alcohol intake in people with primary headaches; the secondary objective was to identify any potential relationship between alcohol consumption and headache risk.

Methods

This study was based on PubMed, Embase and Web of Science database searches performed on 11 July 2023. This systematic review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023412926). Risk of bias for the included studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools. Meta-analyses were performed using Statistica software. The Risk Ratio (RR) was adopted as the measure of the final effect. Analyses were based on a dichotomous division of the respondents into "non-drinkers" and "drinkers" for headache patients and matched non-headache groups.

Results

From a total of 1892 articles, 22 were included in the meta-analysis. The majority demonstrated a moderate or high risk of bias. The first part of the meta-analysis was performed on data obtained from 19 migraine studies with 126 173 participants. The risk of migraine in alcohol drinkers is approximately 1.5 times lower than in the group of non-drinkers (RR = 0.71; 95% CI: 0.57–0.89). The second part involved 9 TTH studies with 28 715 participants. No relationship was found between TTH diagnosis and alcohol consumption (RR = 1.09; 95% CI: 0.93–1.27). Two of the included cluster-headache articles had inconclusive results.

Conclusions

Alcohol consumption and migraine are inversely correlated. The exact mechanism behind this observation may indicate that migraine leads to alcohol-avoidance, rather than alcohol having any protective role against migraine. There was no relationship between TTH and drinking. However, further studies related to primary headaches and alcohol consumption with low risk of bias are required. Additionally, patients and physicians should consider the latest medical data, in order to avoid the myths about alcohol consumption and primary headaches.
Genome-wide analysis of circRNA regulation during spleen development of Chinese indigenous breed Meishan pigs
Authors: Wang Yifu , Cheng Jinhua , Xu Chao , Jin Jian , Bao Wenbin , Wu Shenglong , Wu Zhengchang
Published: August 2023

Background

Numerous circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been recently identified in porcine tissues and cell types. Nevertheless, their significance in porcine spleen development is yet unelucidated. Herein, we reported an extensive overlook of circRNA expression profile during spleen development in Meishan pigs.

Results

Overall, 39,641 circRNAs were identified from 6,914 host genes. Among them, many circRNAs are up- or down-regulated at different time points of pig spleen development. Using WGCNA analysis, we revealed two essential modules for protein-coding genes and circRNAs. Subsequent correlation analysis revealed 67 circRNAs/co-expressed genes that participated in immnue-associated networks. Furthermore, a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network analysis of circRNAs revealed that 12 circRNAs modulatedCD226, MBD2, SAMD3, SIT1, SRP14, SYTL3gene expressions via acting as miRNA sponges. Moreover, the circRNA_21767/miR-202-3p axis regulatedSIT1expression in a ceRNA manner, which is critical for the immune-based regulation of spleen development in Meishan pigs.

Conclusions

Overall, our results demonstrated that the circRNAs were differentially expressed during different stages of porcine spleen development, meanwhile the circRNAs interacted with immune-related genes in a ceRNA-based fashion. Moreover, we presented biomedical researchers with RNAseqTools, a user-friendly and powerful software for the visualization of transcriptome profile data.
Characterization of novel bacteriophage PSKP16 and its therapeutic potential against β-lactamase and biofilm producer strain of K2-Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia infection in mice model
Authors: Rahimi Sara , Bakht Mehdi , Javadi Amir , Foroughi Farshad , Marashi Seyed Mahmoud Amin , Nikkhahi Farhad
Published: August 2023

Background

Severe infections caused by β- lactamase producers, hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (BhvKp) with K2 serotype, highlight emergency need for new therapeutic strategies against this pathogen. We aimed to assess the efficacy of a novel phage, PSKP16, in the treating of pneumonia induced by BhvKp in mice models.

Method

Genome sequences of PSKP16 were analyzed, and associated information can be found in NCBI. We applied treatment in two ways: by using mice for immediate and delayed treatments. Moreover, acute pneumonia obtained by BhvKp with intranasal method, was characterized in terms of histopathology of pulmonary lesions, biomarkers of inflammation level, leukocytes cells infiltration extent in mice, and was assessed treatment of them with PSKP16 multiplicity of infection (MOI: 10), either individually or in combination with gentamicin. Assessment of the ability of PSKP16 to inhibit BhvKp biofilm was studied.

Results

PSKP16 was associated with the Drexlerviridae family, and had a genome size of 46,712 bp, and 67 predicted ORFs. Herein, prompt phage administration’s efficacy to decrease bacterial load and improve the survival rate in pneumonia models was faster than the synergism model with delay, but both almost displayed similar endpoints. The distribution of BhvKp strains in the lung was consistent with the histopathological findings, simultaneous inflammation, and level of serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF α). The phage treatment presented a lack of severe lesions and alveolar edema, reduction of inflammatory cell infiltration, which not only was it not associated with an over-inflammation but also provided a faster correction of blood cell count abnormalities compared to gentamicin. Phage with a high concentration in in vitro model effectively eliminated biofilms.

Conclusion

It is essential to raise clinical awareness and management of BhvKp infections, signaled as the next superbug in waiting. The results of our study underscore the importance of PSKP16 as a phage with promising therapeutic potential in treating BhvKp-induced pneumonia.
Zoonoses and emerging pathogens
Authors: Skowron Krzysztof , Grudlewska-Buda Katarzyna , Khamesipour Faham
Published: August 2023

Zoonoses represent a major challenge for many disciplines, including microbiology, epidemiology, veterinary, medicine and ecology. Moreover, they pose severe risks to human health and economy. In this editorial, we invite contributions to a BMC Microbiology collection on ‘Zoonoses and emerging pathogens’, covering research on the pathogenesis, identification, treatment and control of zoonoses.
Comparison of two diagnostic strategies for patients with stable chest pain suggestive of chronic coronary syndrome: rationale and design of the double-blind, pragmatic, randomized and controlled OPERATE Trial
Authors: Zhou Jia , Xin Ting , Tan Yahang , Pang Jianzhong , Chen Tao , Wang Hao , Zhao Jia , Liu Chang , Xie Cun , Wang Minghui , Wang Chengjian , Liu Yuanying , Zhang Jie , Liu Yankun , Shanfu Chen , Li Chunjie , Cong Hongliang
Published: August 2023

Background

To achieve potential financial savings and avoid exposing the patients to unnecessary risk, an optimal diagnostic strategy to identify low risk individual who may derive minimal benefit from further cardiac imaging testing (CIT) is important for patients with stable chest pain (SCP) suggestive of chronic coronary syndrome (CCS). Although several diagnostic strategies have been recommended by the most recent guidelines, few randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have prospectively investigated the actual effect of applying these strategies in clinical practice.

Methods

OPERATE (OPtimal Evaluation of stable chest pain to Reduce unnecessAry utilization of cardiac imaging TEsting) trial is an investigator-initiated, multicenter, coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA)-based, 2-arm parallel-group, double-blind, pragmatic and confirmative RCT planning to include 800 subjects with SCP suggestive of CCS. After enrollment, all subjects will be randomized to two arms (2016 U.K. National Institute of Health and Care Excellence guideline-determined and 2019 European Society of Cardiology guideline-determined diagnostic strategy) on a 1:1 basis. According to each strategy, CCTA should be referred and deferred for a subject in high and low risk group, respectively. The primary (effectiveness) endpoint is CCTA without obstructive coronary artery disease. Safety of each strategy will be mainly assessed by 1-year major adverse cardiovascular event rates.

Discussion

The OPERATE trial will provide comparative effectiveness and safety evidences for two different diagnostic strategies for patients with SCP suggestive of CCS, with the intension of improving the diagnostic yield of CCTA at no expense of safety.

Clinical trial registration

ClinicalTrial.org Identifier NCT05640752.
Diagnostic performance analysis of the Integrated Care for Older People (ICOPE) screening tool for identifying decline in intrinsic capacity
Authors: Lu Fei , Li Jiaojiao , Liu Xiaohong , Liu Shuo , Sun Xiaohong , Wang Xueying
Published: August 2023

Background

Intrinsic capacity (IC) is a comprehensive indicator of an individual’s positive attributes. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends a two-step approach to assess IC decline among older people. The first step involves the used of the integrated care for older people (ICOPE) screening tool to identify potential issues, and the second step involves using detailed assessments for confirmation. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of the ICOPE screening tool as a simple preliminary screening to identify IC decline among community-dwelling older people, which has been rarely reported in China.

Methods

This cross-sectional study included 228 community-dwelling older individuals aged ≥ 75 (mean age, 84.0 ± 4.4 years; 131 [57.5%] females) who completed the IC evaluation according to the WHO IC assessment pathway. The diagnostic performance of the ICOPE screening tool was calculated using a 2 × 2 table and a receiver operating characteristic curve.

Results

The proportion of possible IC decline identified by the ICOPE screening tool was 79.4%, whereas the actual IC decline assessed by the detailed assessment was 73.2%, mainly in locomotion. The ICOPE screening tool showed sensitivity and specificity of 94.6% and 62.3%, respectively, with an overall diagnostic accuracy of 86.0%. The diagnostic effectiveness of the ICOPE screening tool was 0.91 (95% confidence interval: 0.87–0.95, p = 0.020). Except for the sensory dimension, the sensitivity of the ICOPE screening tool for diagnosing impairments in each dimension of the IC was the highest in the cognition domain (100%) and the lowest in the vitality domain (51.3%), whereas the specificity was the highest in vitality (94.7%) and the lowest in cognition (55.6%).

Conclusions

The ICOPE screening tool exhibits high sensitivity and can be used as an IC screening tool in community-dwelling older people. However, further improvements are needed in the vitality dimension of the ICOPE screening tool to enhance its sensitivity in identifying individuals at risk of malnutrition.
Spectral CT - a new supplementary method for preoperative assessment of pathological grades of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Wang Yi , Tian Weizhong , Tian Shuangfeng , He Liang , Xia Jianguo , Zhang Ji
Published: August 2023

Background

Spectral CT imaging parameters have been reported to be useful in the differentiation of pathological grades in different malignancies. This study aims to investigate the value of spectral CT in the quantitative assessment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) with different degrees of differentiation.

Methods

There were 191 patients with proven ESCC who underwent enhanced spectral CT from June 2018 to March 2020 retrospectively enrolled. These patients were divided into three groups based on pathological results: well differentiated ESCC, moderately differentiated ESCC, and poorly differentiated ESCC. Virtual monoenergetic 40 keV-equivalent image (VMI40keV), iodine concentration (IC), water concentration (WC), effective atomic number (Eff-Z), and the slope of the spectral curve(λHU) of the arterial phase (AP) and venous phase (VP) were measured or calculated. The quantitative parameters of the three groups were compared by using one-way ANOVA and pairwise comparisons were performed with LSD. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic performance of these parameters in poorly differentiated groups and non-poorly differentiated groups.

Results

There were significant differences in VMI40keV, IC, Eff-Z, and λHU in AP and VP among the three groups (all p < 0.05) except for WC (p > 0.05). The VMI40keV, IC, Eff-Z, and λHU in the poorly differentiated group were significantly higher than those in the other groups both in AP and VP (all p < 0.05). In the ROC analysis, IC performed the best in the identification of the poorly differentiated group and non-poorly differentiated group in VP (AUC = 0.729, Sensitivity = 0.829, and Specificity = 0.569 under the threshold of 21.08 mg/ml).

Conclusions

Quantitative parameters of spectral CT could offer supplemental information for the preoperative differential diagnosis of ESCC with different degrees of differentiation.
Misdiagnosed Branchio-Oto-Renal syndrome presenting as proteinuria and renal insufficiency with insidious signs since early childhood: a report of three cases
Authors: Lin Zhilang , Li Jie , Pei Yuxin , Mo Ying , Jiang Xiaoyun , Chen Lizhi
Published: August 2023

Background

Branchio-oto-renal (BOR) syndrome is an inherited multi-systemic disorder. Auricular and branchial signs are highly suggestive of BOR syndrome but often develop insidiously, leading to a remarkable misdiagnosis rate. Unlike severe morphological abnormalities of kidneys, knowledge of glomerular involvement in BOR syndrome were limited.

Case presentation

Three cases, aged 8 ~ 9 years, visited pediatric nephrology department mainly for proteinuria and renal insufficiency, with 24-h proteinuria of 23.8 ~ 68.9 mg/kg and estimated glomerular filtration rate of 8.9 ~ 36.0 mL/min/1.73m2. Moderate-to-severe albuminuria was detected in case 1, while mixed proteinuria was detected in case 2 and 3. Insidious auricular and branchial fistulas were noticed, all developing since early childhood but being neglected previously. EYA1 variants were confirmed by genetic testing in all cases. Delay in diagnosis was 8 ~ 9 years since extra-renal appearances, and 0 ~ 6 years since renal abnormalities. In case 1, therapy of glucocorticoid and immunosuppressive agents to accompanying immune-complex mediated glomerulonephritis was unsatisfying.

Conclusions

BOR syndrome is a rare cause of proteinuria and abnormal kidney function and easily missed, thus requiring more awareness. Careful medical history taking and physical examination are essential to early diagnosis. Massive proteinuria was occasionally seen in BOR syndrome, which might be related to immune complex deposits. A novel pathogenic variant (NM_000503.6 (EYA1): c.1171delT p.Ser391fs*9) was firstly reported.
Association of hyperhomocysteinemia and chronic kidney disease in the general population: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Wei , Feng Jihua , Ji Pan , Liu Yani , Wan Huan , Zhang Jianfeng
Published: August 2023

Background

Increasing evidence shows that an elevated homocysteine(Hcy) level is associated with an increased risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study systematically evaluated the correlation between homocysteine level and the incidence of CKD reported in cohort and cross-sectional studies.

Methods

We searched electronic databases and reference lists for relevant articles. 4 cohort studies and 7 cross-sectional studies including 79,416 patients were analyzed in a meta-analysis. Hyperhomocysteinemia was defined as a Hcy level > 15 µmol/L, which was the criterium used in previous studies. Meta-analyses were conducted of literature searches from online databases such as PubMed, Embase, Cochrane and Scopus. Computed pooled adjusted odds ratios with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were used to estimate the risk of new-onset CKD according to Hcy levels in the general population.

Results

People with high Hcy levels were more likely to suffer from CKD than people with normal Hcy levels (pooled OR, 2.09; 95% CI, 1.72–2.55). This positive relationship persisted across different study types such as cohort studies (summary OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.55–3.13) and cross-sectional studies (summary OR, 2.07; 95% CI, 1.63–2.63).

Conclusions

People with hyperhomocysteinemia have a higher incidence of CKD, Hyperhomocysteinemia may also be an independent risk factor for CKD in the general population.