bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Debye length and the running coupling of QCD: A potential and phenomenological approach
Authors: Campos S. D.
Published: May 2021

In this paper, one uses a damped potential to present a description of the running coupling constant of QCD in the confinement phase. Based on a phenomenological perspective for the Debye screening length, one compares the running coupling obtained here with both the Brodsky–de Téramond–Deur and the Richardson approaches. The results seem to indicate the model introduced here corroborate the Richardson approach. Moreover, the Debye screening mass in the confinement phase depends on a small parameter, which tends to vanish in the nonconfinement phase of QCD.
Localized interaction solution and its dynamics of the extended Hirota–Satsuma–Ito equation
Authors: Yu Jian-Ping , Ma Wen-Xiu , Khalique Chaudry Masood , Sun Yong-Li
Published: May 2021

In this research, we will introduce and study the localized interaction solutions and their dynamics of the extended Hirota–Satsuma–Ito equation (HSIe), which plays a key role in studying certain complex physical phenomena. By using the Hirota bilinear method, the lump-type solutions will be firstly constructed, which are almost rationally localized in all spatial directions. Then, three kinds of localized interaction solutions will be obtained, respectively. In order to study the dynamic behaviors, numerical simulations are performed. Two interesting physical phenomena are found: one is the fission and fusion phenomena happening during the procedure of their collisions; the other is the rogue wave phenomena triggered by the interaction between a lump-type wave and a soliton wave.
Recent Progress on Energy Harvesters for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Kaur Akshpreet , Sapra Gaurav , Gupta Ankur
Published: May 2021

Energy harvesting devices have emerged as a promising technology to not only meet global energy demands but also power biomedical electronics. The dramatic advancement in self-powered biomedical electronics used for monitoring and treatment of severe diseases is part of a paradigm shift that is on the horizon. The review paper highlights recent progress on energy harvesters for scavenging energy to realize self-powered systems. The emphasis is mainly on piezoelectric and triboelectric nanogenerators addressing the basic operating principle, electrical model, design techniques, newly developed materials and their performance as well as associated typical applications. Herein, piezoelectric devices have been compared on basis of their materials, energy conversion efficiency, piezoelectric coefficient and power harvesting circuit. In addition, the recent advances of hybrid nanogenerators in terms of its biomedical applications are also highlighted. Finally, the conclusions and future prospects towards self-powered systems for implantable and wearable medical electronic devices are discussed for effective health monitoring, bio-sensing and clinical therapy.
Impedance and modulus studies of Na0.9Ba0.1Nb0.9(Sn0.5Ti0.5)0.1O3 ceramic
Authors: Oueslati A. , Aydi A.
Published: May 2021

Polycrystalline [Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]O3 is prepared by the solid-state reaction technique. The formation of single-phase material was confirmed by an X-ray diffraction study and it was found to be a tetragonal phase at room temperature. Nyquist plots ([Formula: see text] versus [Formula: see text] show that the conductivity behavior is accurately represented by an equivalent circuit model which consists of a parallel combination of bulk resistance and constant phase elements (CPE). The frequency dependence of the conductivity is interpreted in terms of Jonscher’s law. The conductivity [Formula: see text] follows the Arrhenius relation. The modulus plots can be characterized by the empirical Kohlrausch–Williams–Watts (KWW), [Formula: see text] = exp([Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text] function and the value of the stretched exponent ([Formula: see text] is found to be almost independent of temperature. The near value of activation energies obtained from the analyses of modulus and conductivity data confirms that the transport is through an ion hopping mechanism dominated by the motion of the ([Formula: see text] ions in the structure of the investigated material.
Influence of sintering behavior on the microstructure and electrical properties of BaTiO3 lead-free ceramics from hydrothermal synthesized precursor nanoparticles
Authors: On Do Viet , Vuong Le Dai , Chuong Truong Van , Quang Dao Anh , Tuyen Ho Van , Tung Vo Thanh
Published: May 2021

BaTiO3 nanoparticles were synthesized by hydrothermal method using amorphous phase TiO2 precursor as the Ti-source. The microstructure and phase structure were determined using XRD, SEM and Raman spectroscopy analysis results. The results showed that BaTiO3 nanoparticles have tetragonal structure, average size of about 100 nm was obtained at Ba/Ti ratio of 1.5, synthesis temperature of 200∘C and reaction time of 12 h. The components of the BaTiO3 lead-free ceramic system are fabricated by conventional solid-phase reaction from the average size BaTiO3 particles about 100 nm obtained by hydrothermal process. The effects of sintering behavior on dielectric, ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of BT high-density ceramic were studied. The BaTiO3 ceramic composition sintered at 1300∘C has a relative density of 97%, the value of the electromechanical coefficient [Formula: see text] = 0.40, [Formula: see text] = 0.42, the large piezoelectric coefficient [Formula: see text] = 300 pC/N, [Formula: see text]125 pC/N.
Utility Mining Across Multi-Dimensional Sequences
Authors: Gan Wensheng , Lin Jerry Chun-Wei , Zhang Jiexiong , Yin Hongzhi , Fournier-Viger Philippe , Chao Han-Chieh , Yu Philip S.
Published: May 2021

Knowledge extraction from database is the fundamental task in database and data mining community, which has been applied to a wide range of real-world applications and situations. Different from the support-based mining models, the utility-oriented mining framework integrates the utility theory to provide more informative and useful patterns. Time-dependent sequence data are commonly seen in real life. Sequence data have been widely utilized in many applications, such as analyzing sequential user behavior on the Web, influence maximization, route planning, and targeted marketing. Unfortunately, all the existing algorithms lose sight of the fact that the processed data not only contain rich features (e.g., occur quantity, risk, and profit), but also may be associated with multi-dimensional auxiliary information, e.g., transaction sequence can be associated with purchaser profile information. In this article, we first formulate the problem of utility mining across multi-dimensional sequences, and propose a novel framework named MDUS to extract Multi-Dimensional Utility-oriented Sequential useful patterns. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that incorporates the time-dependent sequence-order, quantitative information, utility factor, and auxiliary dimension. Two algorithms respectively named MDUS
EM
and MDUS
SD
are presented to address the formulated problem. The former algorithm is based on database transformation, and the later one performs pattern joins and a searching method to identify desired patterns across multi-dimensional sequences. Extensive experiments are carried on six real-life datasets and one synthetic dataset to show that the proposed algorithms can effectively and efficiently discover the useful knowledge from multi-dimensional sequential databases. Moreover, the MDUS framework can provide better insight, and it is more adaptable to real-life situations than the current existing models.
Sequential Transform Learning
Authors: Sharma Shalini , Majumdar Angshul
Published: May 2021

This work proposes a new approach for dynamical modeling; we call it sequential transform learning. This is loosely based on the transform (analysis dictionary) learning formulation. This is the first work on this topic. Transform learning, was originally developed for static problems; we modify it to model dynamical systems by introducing a feedback loop. The learnt transform coefficients for the
t
th instant are fed back along with the
t
+ 1st sample, thereby establishing a Markovian relationship. Furthermore, the formulation is made supervised by the label consistency cost. Our approach keeps the best of two worlds, marrying the interpretability and uncertainty measure of signal processing with the function approximation ability of neural networks. We have carried out experiments on one of the most challenging problems in dynamical modeling - stock forecasting. Benchmarking with the state-of-the-art has shown that our method excels over the rest.
Streaming Social Event Detection and Evolution Discovery in Heterogeneous Information Networks
Authors: Peng Hao , Li Jianxin , Song Yangqiu , Yang Renyu , Ranjan Rajiv , Yu Philip S. , He Lifang
Published: May 2021

Events are happening in real world and real time, which can be planned and organized for occasions, such as social gatherings, festival celebrations, influential meetings, or sports activities. Social media platforms generate a lot of real-time text information regarding public events with different topics. However, mining social events is challenging because events typically exhibit heterogeneous texture and metadata are often ambiguous. In this article, we first design a novel event-based meta-schema to characterize the semantic relatedness of social events and then build an event-based heterogeneous information network (HIN) integrating information from external knowledge base. Second, we propose a novel Pairwise Popularity Graph Convolutional Network, named as PP-GCN, based on weighted meta-path instance similarity and textual semantic representation as inputs, to perform fine-grained social event categorization and learn the optimal weights of meta-paths in different tasks. Third, we propose a streaming social event detection and evolution discovery framework for HINs based on meta-path similarity search, historical information about meta-paths, and heterogeneous DBSCAN clustering method. Comprehensive experiments on real-world streaming social text data are conducted to compare various social event detection and evolution discovery algorithms. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed framework outperforms other alternative social event detection and evolution discovery techniques.
Combinatorial primality test
Authors: Valluri Maheswara Rao
Published: May 2021

In 1879, Laisant-Beaujeux gave the following result without proof: If n is a prime, then

[EQUATION]

This paper provides proofs of the result of Laisant-Beaujeux in two cases explicitly: (1) If an integer of the form n = 4k + 1, k > 0 is prime, then ([EQUATION]) and (2) If an integer of the form n = 4k + 3, k ≥ 0 is prime, then [EQUATION]. In addition, the author proposes important conjectures based on the converse of the above theorems which aim to establish primality of n. These conjectures are scrutinized by the given combinatorial primality test algorithm which can also distinguish patterns of prime n whether it is of the form 4k + 1 or 4k + 3.
Characterization of Different Electrolyte Composition Lithium Thionyl Chloride Reserve Battery by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
Authors: Zabara Mohammed Ahmed , Göçmez Hasan , Karabatak Akın , Ulgut Burak
Published: May 2021

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) characterization for electrochemical processes in Lithium Thionyl Chloride reserve primary battery is shown. Two different electrolyte compositions are used to distinguish the changes in the EIS response. Galvanostatic EIS at discharge technique is used to obtain Kramers-Kronig compatible data for the reserve primary battery. The EIS data is analyzed by means of Equivalent Circuit models. The analysis shows the presence of five time-constants belonging to the electrochemical processes at Lithium anode, Solid Electrolyte Interface and the porous Carbon cathode. The change in the electrolyte composition causes the variation in the Solid Electrolyte Interface configuration and the kinetics of the Li anode processes. No variation in the cathode electrochemical processes observed by changing the electrolyte. The obtained results show the power of the non-destructive and in situ EIS technique to reveal the parameters for the electrochemical processes inside energy storage systems.
A Method of Optimizing Network Topology Structure Combining Viterbi Algorithm and Bayesian Algorithm
Authors: Shi Xiaoxiao
Published: May 2021

With Internet entering all walks of life, development of internet and usage expansion demand better performance, especially the application of 5G network that adopts NAS networking mode. Some of the network bandwidth cannot fully support the current network demand, which causes network fluctuations and other concerns. In this paper, a method for optimizing the topological structure of the bottom layer of the communication network is proposed that has outage performance close to optimal routing scheme. In specific, path in areas with poor network conditions is first optimized using Viterbi algorithm. Then, network element nodes on the path are optimized using Bayes recommendation algorithm for reasonable flow distribution. Dual planning of improved Viterbi algorithm is used to realize the main and standby path planning, and then, Bayesian recommendation algorithm based on the average value is used to optimize the network elements. Therefore, it is very efficient to realize overall performance optimization.
Deep-Learning-Based MRI Images for Analysis of Sport-Induced Ankle Joint Injury
Authors: Zhang Wenbo
Published: May 2021

This study was to analyze the sport-induced ankle joint injury (AJI) images based on the neural network algorithms using the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). 20 patients and 20 volunteers were included in the experimental and control groups, respectively. The hybrid diffusion equation (HDE) neural network (HDENN) algorithm was compared with the fully convolutional neural network (FCNN) and the FCNN preprocessing, and the HDE was applied to the MRI analysis of sport-induced AJI. The results showed that the total score of MRI image for the conventional position of the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) and posterior talofibular ligament (PTFL) was concentrated in 4 (55%) and 5 (65%), respectively. The number of patients with good prognosis with grade II injury (11 cases) was much higher than that of grade III injury (2 cases), and the number of patients with poor prognosis (4 cases) was lower than that of grade III injury (6 cases) (

P
<
0.05

). Conventional MRI was recommended to observe the ATFL and PTFL, and the valgus position MRI was recommended for the calcaneofibular ligament (CFL); conservative treatment was recommended for patients with grades I and II AJI, but surgical treatment was recommended for patients with grade III AJI.
Corporate Governance, Agency Costs, and Corporate Sustainable Development: A Mediating Effect Analysis
Authors: Li Songsong , Gao Daquan , Hui Xiaofeng
Published: May 2021

The economy is an essential factor in constructing a resilient city, and listed companies play a vital role in the local economy. From the microbehavior of corporate governance, we examine the relationship among corporate governance, agency costs, and corporate sustainable development for a panel sample of 690 state-owned firms in China during 2015–2019. We found that agency costs mediate the relationship between board size, management compensation, debt ratio, dividend policy, and corporate sustainable development. Specifically, decreasing the board size can reduce agency costs and enhance the company’s sustainable development capabilities. The existing compensation system is to the disadvantage of the sustainable development of the company. Increasing the salaries of managers will increase agency costs and reduce the company’s ability to develop sustainably. Although increasing liabilities can reduce agency costs, increasing liabilities will increase financial risks. The bankruptcy costs caused by increasing liabilities are more significant than agency costs, which leads to a decline in the company’s ability to develop sustainably. The implementation of cash dividend policies will help reduce agency costs, thereby increasing their sustainable development capabilities. This also provides new ideas for the Modigliani–Miller (MM) theory and agency cost theory.
Medical Sports Data Privacy Protection Method Based on Legal Risk Control
Authors: Jia Liqiang , Fan Wei
Published: May 2021

With the continuous development of computer and network technology, the amount of information storage in medical information system is more and more large, which is prone to the problem of privacy information leakage, resulting in irreparable harm. In order to solve the problem of privacy leakage in the medical environment, a new privacy rating method is proposed according to the actual situation of the medical environment. The big data technology is used to effectively mine, analyze, integrate, and reuse medical data, and a new improved model is proposed. At the same time, the medical information system applying the improved model is designed according to the complex actual needs. The purpose of this paper is to correctly understand the positive role of medical sports big data (BD) research in the medical field and standardize the behavior of medical staff. On the one hand, it can improve the safety awareness of patients and enhance the standardization of medical treatment environment. This paper will analyze the meaning and research status of medical data from the perspective of legal risk control, focus on the status quo and existing problems of medical sports data privacy protection, and put forward positive countermeasures and some practical solutions. The results show that the medical sports information data has certain regularity and particularity, ease to spread, and mining. Hospitals and medical staff should make the areas and items restricted by law clear, standardize their own behaviors, constantly sum up experience, and actively improve and modify relevant measures.
Fabric Defect Detection in Textile Manufacturing: A Survey of the State of the Art
Authors: Li Chao , Li Jun , Li Yafei , He Lingmin , Fu Xiaokang , Chen Jingjing
Published: May 2021

Defects in the textile manufacturing process lead to a great waste of resources and further affect the quality of textile products. Automated quality guarantee of textile fabric materials is one of the most important and demanding computer vision tasks in textile smart manufacturing. This survey presents a thorough overview of algorithms for fabric defect detection. First, this review briefly introduces the importance and inevitability of fabric defect detection towards the era of manufacturing of artificial intelligence. Second, defect detection methods are categorized into traditional algorithms and learning-based algorithms, and traditional algorithms are further categorized into statistical, structural, spectral, and model-based algorithms. The learning-based algorithms are further divided into conventional machine learning algorithms and deep learning algorithms which are very popular recently. A systematic literature review on these methods is present. Thirdly, the deployments of fabric defect detection algorithms are discussed in this study. This paper provides a reference for researchers and engineers on fabric defect detection in textile manufacturing.
An Efficient Q‐Algorithm for RFID Tag Anticollision
Authors: Zhao Lingyun , Wang Lukun , Du Shan
Published: May 2021

In large‐scale Internet of Things (IoT) applications, tags are attached to items, and users use a radiofrequency identification (RFID) reader to quickly identify tags and obtain the corresponding item information. Since multiple tags share the same channel to communicate with the reader, when they respond simultaneously, tag collision will occur, and the reader cannot successfully obtain the information from the tag. To cope with the tag collision problem, ultrahigh frequency (UHF) RFID standard EPC G1 Gen2 specifies an anticollision protocol to identify a large number of RFID tags in an efficient way. The Q‐algorithm has attracted much more attention as the efficiency of an EPC C1 Gen2‐based RFID system can be significantly improved by only a slight adjustment to the algorithm. In this paper, we propose a novel Q‐algorithm for RFID tag identification, namely, HTEQ, which optimizes the time efficiency of an EPC C1 Gen2‐based RFID system to the utmost limit. Extensive simulations verify that our proposed HTEQ is exceptionally expeditious compared to other algorithms, which promises it to be competitive in large‐scale IoT environments.
Ipilimumab and Pembrolizumab Mixed Response in a 41-Year-Old Patient with SMARCA4-Deficient Thoracic Sarcoma: An Interdisciplinary Case Study
Authors: Anžič Nina , Krasniqi Fatime , Eberhardt Anna-Lena , Tzankov Alexandar , Haslbauer Jasmin Dionne
Published: May 2021

SMARCA4-deficient thoracic sarcoma is a newly described entity of thoracic sarcomas with a poor prognosis, defined by poorly differentiated epithelioid to rhabdoid histomorphology and SMARCA4 gene inactivation. We present a case of a SMARCA4-deficient thoracic sarcoma in a 41-year-old male with a smoking history who presented with an upper anterior mediastinal mass, after seeking medical evaluation for increasing thoracic pain, odynophagia, and dizziness. The biopsy confirmed a large cell tumor with an epithelioid to rhabdoid histomorphology, positive for EMA, CD99, vimentin, TLE1, INI1, PAS-positive cytoplasmic granules, and PD-L1 (100% of tumor cells). High TMB and HRD scores were displayed in the tumor. The histology and immunophenotype of the mass were in line with the diagnosis of SMARCA4-deficient thoracic sarcoma. In the course of his treatment, the patient showcased a partial response to pembrolizumab and the combination of pembrolizumab and ipilimumab. This case report highlights the importance of recognizing SMARCA4-deficient thoracic sarcoma as an individual entity and supports the importance of checkpoint inhibition therapy for SMARCA4-deficient thoracic sarcomas, particularly in cases with a high TMB and PD-L1 expression.
Abstract 12579: CVI-LM001, a First-in-class Novel Oral PCSK9 Modulator, Lowers Plasma Ldl-c and Reduces Circulating PCSK9 in Preclinical Animal Models and in Hyperlipidemic Human Subjects
Authors: Liu Jingwen , Jiang Bo , Zhao Shuiping , Cai Siyu , Xiang Daxiong , Huang Minghui , Fang Pingfei , Ran Zourong , Chen Minli , Shou Qiyang , Wang Jianan
Published: May 2021

Hypercholesterolemia is a major risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels via upregulation of hepatic LDL receptor (LDLR) produces CVD benefits. More recently, monoclonal antibodies targeting PCSK9, a LDLR degradation protein, has emerged as a new therapeutic approach for lowering LDL-C levels, offering great efficacy and positive benefits in ASCVD patients. However, PCSK9 inhibitors require subcutaneous injections and the cost of therapy is high. CVI Pharmaceuticals has discovered a series of novel PCSK9 small molecule modulators that can reduce PCSK9 gene expression and increase LDLR abundance by PCSK9 dependent and independent mechanisms in hepatocytes. Among them, the lead compound CVI-LM001 is advanced to Phase 2 stage to treat hypercholesterolemic patients. Here we report that in hyperlipidemic hamsters, treatment with CVI-LM001 (40, 80 and 160 mg/kg, QD) for 4 weeks dose-dependently increased liver LDLR protein levels up to 3.5-fold and decreased circulating PCSK9 levels to 10% of control at the highest dose, this was accompanied by significant reductions in serum LDL-C. In a double-blind, randomized Phase 1a study conducted in healthy volunteers with normal lipid levels, compared to baseline, we observed a 36.4% (p<0.001) reduction in serum PCSK9 levels after 10 days of oral treatment with CVI-LM001 (300 mg, QD). Moreover, in a Proof of Mechanism Phase 1b study conducted in subjects with elevated LDL-C, compared with placebo cohort, treatment with CVI-LM001 (300 mg, QD) for 28 days significantly reduced serum LDL-C (-26.3% p<0.01), TC (-20.1%, p<0.01), Apo B (-17.4%, p=0.01) and PCSK9 (-39.2%, p<0.05). CVI-LM001 had a benign safety profile and was well tolerated in 105 treated healthy volunteers and 33 treated hyperlipidemic subjects. In addition, CVI-LM001 exhibited excellent pharmacokinetics properties with peak concentrations occurred approximately 1-1.5h post-dose. Mean half-lives ranged from 32 to 45h after single dosing and 62 to 68h following multiple dosing. These studies, for the first time, demonstrate that CVI-LM001, a novel PCSK9 modulator, has the potential to be a new oral cholesterol-lowering drug and warrant further development.
Abstract 12605: Defining the Reference Range for Left Ventricular Strain by Echocardiography in Healthy Subjects: A Novel Meta-analysis Strategy
Authors: Wang Tom Kai Ming , Desai Milind Y , Collier Patrick H , Grimm Richard A , Griffin Brian , Popovic Zoran B
Published: May 2021

Background:
Left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LVGLS), circumferential strain (LVGCS) and radial strain (LVGRS) are established echocardiographic parameters of systolic function with wide clinical applicability and prognostic implications. Despite this, the reference ranges of left ventricular (LV) strain, particularly the lower limit of normal (LLN), are not well established. This meta-analysis aims to determine the mean and LLN of two- (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) LV strain in healthy subjects and factors that may influence strain measurements.

Methods:
We searched Pubmed, Embase and Cochrane databases until 30 November 2019 for studies reporting left ventricular (LV) global strain in at least 50 healthy subjects. We pooled the mean and LLN of 2D and 3D LV strain using random-effects models, and performed subgroup and meta-regression analysis for 2D-LVGLS.

Results:
Forty-four studies were eligible totaling 8747 subjects. The pooled means and LLNs (95% confidence intervals) were -20.0% (-20.6%, -19.5%) and -15.6% (-16.2%, -15.0%) respectively for 2D-LVGLS; -22.1% (-23.7%, -20.5%) and -15.7% (-17.3%, -14.1%) respectively for 2D-LVGCS; and 48.0% (43.8%, 52.1%) and 23.2% (20.9%, 25.5%) respectively for 2D-LVGRS; all listed in Table 1. Significant heterogeneity was observed for almost all pooled LV strain analyses. The only factors associated with significant differences in both pooled mean and LLN of 2D-LVGLS were systolic blood pressure and vendor software.

Conclusion:
Pooled means and LLNs of 2D- and 3D- LV global strain parameters in healthy subjects were reported. Based on the pooled LLNs and their confidence intervals, the thresholds for abnormal, borderline and normal LV strains can be defined. Systolic blood pressure and vendor software were the most important parameters influencing 2D-LVGLS mean and LLN. Our novel methodology can also be applied to the meta-analysis of other echocardiographic parameters to define reference ranges.
Abstract 12620: Effect of Sacubitril-valsartan on the Incidence Arrhythmias in Patients With Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction: A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis
Authors: Acuna Morin Edgar E , Maning Jennifer , Mahabir Sunita , Ramirez Mariana , Chaparro Sandra
Published: May 2021

Introduction:
Sacubitril-Valsartan (ARNI) has known mortality benefit in patients with HFrEF. Nevertheless, little is known of its influence on arrhythmias. The purpose of this study was to investigate its net effect on the incidence of arrhythmias in patients with HFrEF through a systematic review and meta-analysis of published literature.

Methods:
We searched Medline, Embase & the Cochrane library through April 15th, 2020 for studies including patients with EF 40% or lower treated with ACEI or ARB and transitioned to ARNI, reporting the incidence of any arrhythmias or ICD shocks in patients with either an ICD, CRT, pacemaker or loop recorder. The primary outcome was the incidence of sustained VT, while the secondary outcomes were the incidence of nonsustained VT (NSVT), appropriate ICD shocks, biventricular pacing (BiV-pacing) in patients with CRT, and episodes of atrial tachycardia or fibrillation (AT/AF) > 30 seconds. The Newcastle-Ottawa tool was used to assess studies. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed using pooled proportions and heterogeneity was examined using I2 statistics. Statistical analyses were carried out using Review Manager 5.3 by Cochrane.

Results:
330 subjects were pooled from three studies (two retrospective and one prospective). Mean age was 68±9.7. 79% were males. 74% had ischemic cardiomyopathy. Mean EF was 29% and mean NYHA Class was 2.4. ICD was implanted in 51%, of whom 44% had CRT. Mean follow-up time was 11±1.7 months. The odds ratio (OR) for sustained VT, was 0.59 (
p=0.08
). For NSVT was 0.65 (
p=0.008*
), appropriate ICD shocks 0.59 (
p=0.09
), BiV-pacing 2.59 (
p=<0.00001*
), and for episodes of AT/AF > 30s. 0.62 (
p=0.03*
). All in favor of ARNI.

Conclusions:
This meta-analysis demonstrates that in patients with HFrEF who transition from ACEI or ARB to ARNI, there is a tendency of decreasing ventricular & atrial arrhythmias, appropriate ICD shocks, as well as tendency towards increasing BiV-pacing in patients with CRT.
Abstract 12649: A Faster and Safe Way to Initiate Sotalol Therapy for Patients With Atrial Fibrillation or Flutter
Authors: Somberg John , Vinks Alexander A , Dong Min , molnar janos
Published: May 2021

Sotalol drug therapy is frequently employed to prevent the recurrence of highly symptomatic atrial fibrillation or flutter (AF, AFb). Sotalol can cause QTc prolongation that is proportional to blood concentration. Excessive concentration can cause Torsade de Pointes ventricular tachycardia (TdP). Because the risk of TdP, initiation of oral sotalol therapy is mandated by FDA to be in-hospital for a minimum of three days under ECG monitoring with facilities and personnel able to provide cardiac resuscitation. With oral administration (bid), 3 days are needed to reach maximal steady-state blood concentrations (Cmax ss) and thus maximal QTc prolongation. Three hospital days in a telemetry bed is costly and considerable expenditure of time and resources. Availability of IV sotalol makes it possible to reduce the loading time from 3 days to 1 day. The IV to oral loading regimen has been developed by model informed drug development. Serum sotalol concentrations and corresponding QTc were obtained from a previously performed bioequivalence study in healthy volunteers who received a single dose of oral and IV sotalol. NONMEM software package was used for population pharmacokinetic modeling and simulation. First Order Conditional Estimation method with Interaction (FOCE-INTER) was used for computation. We chose to administer IV sotalol over 1 hour to obtain Cmax ss target in a timeframe convenient for medical staff to supervise. The simulation for loading to the Cmax target produced by 80 mg PO bid is shown in the Figure; 60 mg IV sotalol is administered over 1 hour followed by 80 mg oral sotalol at 5 hours from start of infusion end then a second oral dose of 80 mg at 12 hours. One can target 120 mg maintenance dose by loading 90 mg IV over 1 hr followed by 120 mg oral dosing. Sotalol concentration will peak in 2-4 hours following each oral administration, thus in 21 hour there will be 3 sotalol peak concentrations. This permits evaluation of QTc response and risk of TdP all within a 1 day admission.
Abstract 12650: A Faster and Safe Way for Dose Escalation of Sotalol Therapy in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation or Flutter
Authors: Somberg John C , Vinks Alexander A , Dong Min , molnar janos
Published: May 2021

Sotalol is frequently employed to prevent the recurrence of highly symptomatic atrial fibrillation or flutter, but recurrence is not unusual and may require dose escalation. Sotalol can cause QTc prolongation proportional to blood concentration and at times may cause Torsade de Pointes ventricular tachycardia (TdP). Because the risk of TdP, dose escalation of oral sotalol therapy is mandated by FDA to be in-hospital for a minimum of 3 days under ECG monitoring with facilities and personnel able to provide cardiac resuscitation. With oral administration (bid), 3 days are needed to reach the new maximal steady-state blood concentrations (Cmax ss) and thus maximal QTc . Three hospital days in a telemetry bed is costly of time and resources. IV sotalol makes it possible to reduce the escalation time from 3 days to 1 day. The IV to oral dose escalation has been developed by model informed drug development. Serum sotalol concentrations and corresponding QTc were obtained from a bioequivalence study in healthy volunteers who received a single dose of oral and IV sotalol. NONMEM software package was used for population pharmacokinetic modeling and simulation. First Order Conditional Estimation method with Interaction (FOCE-INTER) was used for computation. We chose to administer IV sotalol over 1 hour to obtain the new Cmax ss target in a timeframe convenient for medical staff to supervise. Simulation for dose escalation from 80 to 120 mg bid is shown in the Figure; 75 mg IV sotalol is administered over 1 hour followed by 120 mg oral sotalol at 5 hours from start of infusion, then a second oral dose of 120 mg at 12 hours. One can target escalation from 120 to 160 mg by loading 90 mg IV over 1 hr followed by 160 mg oral dosing. Sotalol concentration will peak in 2-4 hours following each oral administration, thus in 21 hour there will be 3 sotalol peak concentrations. This permits evaluation of QTc response and risk of TdP all within a 1 day admission.
Abstract 12653: The Therapy-related Clonal Hematopoiesis Driver Gene
Ppm1d
Promotes Inflammation and Non-ischemic Heart Failure in a Murine Model
Authors: Yura Yoshimitsu , Miura-Yura Emiri , Walsh Kenneth
Published: May 2021

Background:
Therapy-related clonal hematopoiesis in cancer patients is typically associated with somatic mutations in hematopoietic cell genes that encode regulators of the DNA-damage response (DDR) pathway. The Protein Phosphatase Mg2+/Mn2+ Dependent 1D (
PPM1D
) gene is the most frequently mutated DDR gene associated with therapy-related clonal hematopoiesis. While epidemiological evidence suggests an association between therapy-related clonal hematopoiesis and cardiovascular disease in cancer patients, causal and mechanistic relationships have never been evaluated in an experimental system.

Methods:
To test whether hematopoietic cell mutations in
PPM1D
can increase the susceptibility to cardiac stress, we evaluated cardiac dysfunction in response to angiotensin II infusion in a mouse model where clonal-hematopoiesis-associated mutations in
Ppm1d
were produced by CRISPR-Cas9 technology.

Results:
Mice transplanted with hematopoietic stem cells containing clinically relevant mutations in exon 6 of
Ppm1d
exhibited augmented cardiac remodeling following the continuous infusion of angiotensin II.
Ppm1d
-mutated macrophages showed impairments in the DDR pathway and had an augmented proinflammatory profile. Mice transplanted with
Ppm1d
mutated cells exhibited elevated IL-1β in the stressed myocardium, and bone marrow derived macrophages produced more IL-1β in response to LPS stimulation. The administration of an NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor to mice reversed the cardiac phenotype induced by the
Ppm1d
-mutated hematopoietic stem cells under conditions of Angiotensin II-induced stress.

Conclusions:
A mouse model of
Ppm1d
-mediated clonal hematopoiesis was more susceptible to cardiac stress following of angiotensin II infusion. Mechanistically, disruption of the DDR pathway led to elevations in inflammatory cytokine production, and the NLRP3 inflammasome was shown to be essential for this augmented cardiac stress response. These data indicate that therapy-related clonal hematopoiesis involving mutations in
PPM1D
could contribute to the cardiac dysfunction observed in cancer survivors.
Abstract 12659: Improved Heart Transplant Outcomes Among Patients With Hepatitis C Virus Infection in the Era of Direct-acting Antiviral Agents
Authors: Fujisaki Tomohiro , Mikami Takahisa , Kuno Toshiki , Moss Noah , Itagaki Shinobu
Published: May 2021

Introduction:
The effect of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in recipients or donors on heart transplants is less known in the era after the introduction of direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs).

Methods:
Using the United Network for Organ Sharing registry, 25,581 adult heart transplant recipients between 2005 and 2019 were identified. The trend in prevalence of HCV infected recipients and in utilization of HCV infected donors and their effect on the transplant outcomes were investigated in the pre-DAAs era versus the DAAs era separated by May 13, 2011, using Cox proportional hazard regression.

Results:
HCV antibody positive recipients (n=532, 2.1%) had stable prevalence (
P
=0.18) with a higher mortality risk in the pre-DAAs era (50.8% versus 38.8% at 10 years; hazard ratio (HR), 1.50; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.22-1.85;
P
<0.001), however not in the DAAs era (25.3% versus 28.4% at 7 years; HR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.72-1.28;
P
=0.79) (
P
interaction<0.001). Organ use from HCV antibody positive donors (n=375, 1.5%) was exclusively concentrated in the recent years (
P
<0.001) and provided the similar mortality up to 2 years (15.7% versus 12.4%; HR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.65-1.43;
P
=0.84) regardless of the recipient HCV antibody status. The similar findings were confirmed with a subgroup cohort with positive nucleic acid amplification test (NAT).

Conclusions:
In the DAAs era, positive HCV antibody in recipients did not adversely affect the long-term transplant outcomes. Graft utilization from positive HCV antibody or NAT positive donors are rapidly more prevalent and appeared to be promising up to 2 years post-transplant.
Abstract 12682: Accuracy of Expert Electrocardiography versus ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Criteria for Diagnosis of Acute Coronary Occlusion Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Meyers Harvey P , Bracey Alexander , Lee Daniel , Lichtenheld Andrew , Li Wei , Singer Daniel , Kane Jesse , Dodd Kenneth W , Meyers Kristen , Shroff Gautam R , Singer Adam , Smith Stephen W
Published: May 2021

Introduction:
In the current STEMI paradigm of Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI), many NonSTEMI patients have unrecognized acute coronary occlusion. Such patients do not receive emergent reperfusion and are known to have higher mortality than NSTEMI patients without occlusion. Thus, we have proposed a new Occlusion MI vs. Non-Occlusion MI (OMI vs. NOMI) paradigm. We sought to compare the diagnostic accuracy for OMI of blinded expert ECG interpretation vs. STEMI criteria advocated in the fourth Universal Definition of MI. We hypothesized that blinded expert ECG interpretation would be more accurate than STEMI criteria for the diagnosis of OMI, and that STEMI(-) OMI patients would have similar characteristics to STEMI(+) OMI but greater delays to cardiac catheterization.

Methods:
Retrospective case-control study of patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome, collecting demographics, laboratory results, ECGs, angiographic data, and outcomes. The primary definition of OMI was defined as either 1) acute TIMI 0-2 flow culprit or 2) TIMI 3 flow culprit with peak troponin T >1.0 ng/mL or troponin I >10.0 ng/mL.

Results:
808 patients were included, of whom 49% had AMI (33% OMI; 16% NOMI). Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of STEMI criteria vs Expert 1 for OMI among all 808 patients were 41% vs 86%, 94% vs 91%, and 77% vs 89%, and for Expert 2 among 250 patients were 36% vs 80%, 91% vs 92%, and 76% vs 89%. When experts outperformed STEMI criteria (55% of OMI), they diagnosed OMI a median of 1.5 hours earlier than STEMI criteria. Seven key ECG findings were identified by experts as important signs of OMI in STEMI(-) cases. STEMI(-) OMI patients had similar infarct size and mortality as STEMI(+) OMI patients, but greater delays to angiography.

Conclusions:
Blinded expert ECG interpretation was superior to STEMI criteria for the ECG diagnosis of Occlusion MI. STEMI(-) OMI patients had greater delays to catheterization but similar outcomes to STEMI(+) OMI patients. These data support the OMI vs. NOMI paradigm and suggest that STEMI(-) OMI patients could be identified rapidly and noninvasively for emergent reperfusion using expert ECG interpretation.
Abstract 12684: Development and Implementation of Blood Pressure Screening and Referral Guidelines for Community Pharmacists
Authors: Schulz Martin , Griese-Mammen Nina , Schumacher Pia M , Strauch Dorothea , Freudewald Leonard , Said André , Tsuyuki Ross T , Laufs Ulrich , Kintscher Ulrich , Boehm Michael , Mahfoud Felix
Published: May 2021

Introduction:
Involvement of community pharmacists in the detection and control of hypertension improves patient care. However, current guidelines do not provide recommendations on collaboration between pharmacists and physicians, especially when and how to refer patients with undetected or uncontrolled hypertension to a physician.

Methods:
The German Society of Cardiology (DGK) and the ABDA - Federal Union of German Associations of Pharmacists developed and tested a structured referral guideline for community pharmacists. The project included a guideline-directed blood pressure measurement and recommendations when patients should be referred to their physician. A “red flag” referral within 4 weeks was recommended when SBP was >140 mmHg or DBP >90 mmHg (for subjects <80 years), and >160 mmHg or >90 mmHg (≥80 years) in undetected individuals, or >130 mmHg or >80 mmHg (<65 years) and >140 mmHg or >80 mmHg (≥65 years) in treated patients (Figure).

Results:
Blood pressure was measured in 187 individuals (86 with known hypertension) from 17 community pharmacies. In patients with hypertension, poorly controlled blood pressure was detected in 55% (n=47) and were referred. A total of 16/101 subjects without a history of hypertension were referred to their physician because of uncontrolled blood pressure.

Conclusion:
Structured blood pressure testing in community pharmacies identified a significant number of subjects with undetected/undiagnosed hypertension and patients with poorly controlled blood pressure. Community pharmacists could play a significant role in collaboration with physicians to improve the management of hypertension.
Abstract 12686: In-hospital Outcomes of Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation and Concomitant Valvular Surgery
Authors: Yokoyama Yujiro , Kuno Toshiki , Ueyama Hiroki , Shetty Suchith , Malik Aaqib , BRIASOULIS Alexandros
Published: May 2021

Background:
Valvular heart disease is common among Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD) recipients. However, its management at the time of LVAD implantation remains controversial. We sought to investigate and compare in-hospital outcomes of concomitant valvular surgery at the time of LVAD implantation.

Methods:
Patients who underwent LVAD implantation and concomitant aortic (AVR), mitral (MVR) or tricuspid valve (TVR) repair or replacement between 2010 and 2017 were identified using the national inpatient sample (NIS) in the US. Endpoints were in-hospital outcomes, length of stay and cost. Procedure-related complications were identified via ICD-9 and ICD-10 coding and analysis was performed via mixed effect models.

Results:
A total of 25,171 weighted adults underwent LVAD implantation without valvular surgery, 1,329 had isolated TVR, 1,021 AVR, 377 MVR and 615 had combined valvular surgery (411 had TVR+AVR, 115 TVR+MVR, 62 AVR+MVR, 25 AVR+MVR+TVR). During the study period, rates of AVR decreased and combined valvular surgeries increased. Patients who underwent TVR had overall higher burden of comorbidities than LVAD recipients with or without other valvular procedures. Post-operative bleeding was more frequent among those who underwent AVR whereas acute kidney injury requiring dialysis was higher among those who underwent TVR or combined valvular surgery. In-hospital mortality was higher among those who underwent AVR, MVR or combined surgery without differences in the rates of stroke among groups (Table 1). Length of stay did not differ significantly among groups but cost of hospitalization and non-routine discharge rates were higher for cases of TVR and combined surgery.

Conclusion:
Approximately one in nine LVAD recipients underwent concomitant valvular surgery and TVR was the most frequently performed procedure. In-hospital mortality and cost were lower among those who did not undergo valvular surgery.
Abstract 12698: Sodium-containing versus Sodium-trace Preparations of Ivig for Children With Kawasaki Disease in Acute Phase
Authors: Suzuki Takanori , Michihata Nobuaki , Yoshikawa Tetsushi , Saito Kazuyoshi , Fushimi Kiyohide , Matsui Hideki , Yasunaga Hideo
Published: May 2021

Objectives:
Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute systemic vasculitis that most commonly causes acquired cardiac disease in children in developed countries. The most highly recommended treatment for KD is 2 g/kg intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). Hyponatremia in patients with KD in the acute phase is known to be associated with IVIG resistance and coronary artery abnormalities (CAA). There are two types of IVIG, sodium-containing (high Na) and sodium-trace (low Na) preparations. However, few studies have compared the effects of these two preparations for superiority. The purpose of this study was to compare outcomes between high and low Na IVIG preparations in KD children using a national inpatient database in Japan.

Methods:
We used the Diagnostic Procedure Combination database to identify KD patients treated with IVIG between 2010 and 2017. We identified those receiving high and low Na preparations of IVIG as an initial treatment. Outcomes included proportion of CAA, IVIG resistance, adverse effects, length of stay, and medical cost. Propensity score-matched analyses were conducted to compare the outcomes between the two groups. Instrumental variable analyses were performed to confirm the results.

Results:
We identified 47,292 patients with KD and created 23646 propensity score-matched pairs between the high and low Na IVIG groups. There were significant differences in proportions of CAA (2.5% vs. 2.9%; p=0.016) and IVIG resistance (23.8% vs. 24.9%; p=0.006) between the two groups. However, there were no significant differences in length of stay or medical cost. The instrumental variable analyses confirmed that high Na IVIG was significantly associated with lower proportion of CAA compared with low Na IVIG (odds ratio, 1.69; p<0.001).

Conclusions:
The present study suggests that high Na IVIG is potentially effective for reducing the proportion of CAA in KD patients. Prospective studies are warranted to confirm the effectiveness observed in this study.