bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chomsky et l'empirisme : de la critique de l’empirisme au sens de l'innéisme et du rationalisme chomskyens
Authors: Blitman Delphine
Published: May 2014

En défendant l’innéisme linguistique et en critiquant l’empirisme sous toutes ses formes, Chomsky s’inscrit à contre-courant de la tradition philosophique analytique contemporaine pour laquelle l’empirisme est la philosophie scientifique par excellence. Le but de cet article est de clarifier et d’expliquer la position de Chomsky. L’article prend comme fil conducteur la critique chomskyenne de l’empirisme et analyse ses arguments. Il montre comment Chomsky lie très fortement l’innéisme à deux autres thèses, le naturalisme et le mentalisme, ce qui explique que l’innéisme lui apparaisse plus scientifique que l’empirisme. Il s’interroge à partir de là sur le sens du rationalisme chomskyen et de la référence au rationalisme classique et à Descartes.
La linguistique naturaliste : de l’exclusion à l’histoire
Authors: Blanckaert Claude
Published: May 2014

Starting with the debates launched by Michel Bréal and then Ferdinand de Saussure, the organicistic linguistics of the 19th century is currently criticized as a sort of pseudo-science which draws on the prestige of biology or of evolutionary and racial doctrines which were popular at the time. The historiography of linguistics often joins up with the earlier disciplinary tradition. The historians’ choice of citations, their harsh critiques, their normalizing goals espouse the selective and conventional traits of living academic memory. Their discourse is mapped out by the “ horizon of retrospection”. This discourse then conforms to the legitimizing or censuring processes which promote the “ classics” at the expense of unknown or unaccepted corpora. Through its twin regulatory and counter-referential aspects, the science seen in handbooks provides a chronological representation in two opposing but complementary ways, namely by capitalizing on sources or by recentering and exclusion. This article explores the operators of demar cation (notably canon formation, distancing and exclusion) which characterize the performative uses of history in a professional framework. The last section questions these histo rio graphical presuppositions, notably the supposed hegemony of biology in linguistics, to show their partiality and suggest other approaches to the naturalistic paradigm.
Entre Priscien et Scaliger : quand les grammairiens médiévaux parlent de leurs prédécesseurs
Authors: Grondeux Anne
Published: May 2014

Objet de vénération et de méfiance, la grammaire antique est pour les médiévaux la voie incontournable vers la culture profane et vers la langue de l’Écriture. Un auteur est une autorité indépassable, son texte un socle sur lequel se fonde l’enseignement. Cependant les contradictions entre deux autorités du passé, Donat et Priscien, conduisent les maîtres du Moyen Âge à choisir, parfois malgré eux, un auteur plutôt qu’un autre, et ce choix est révélateur des lignes de fracture entre les tenants de la tradition et ceux d’un progrès constant de la connaissance humaine. Le problème se complique dans le cas de Priscien du fait de la légende noire qui en fait un hérétique, au prix d’une confusion chronologique dont le Moyen Âge peine à se débarrasser, et qui rend la tâche difficile à ses commentateurs qui voient leur auteur malmené par la critique. Le recours à l’histoire de la discipline qui affleure de ci de là montre un paysage sans homogénéité réelle, qui recourt parfois à la plus grande fantaisie pour inscrire la grammaire dans l’histoire universelle ou démontrer une maîtrise factice de son sujet, mais qui sait également, lorsqu’il s’agit de l’histoire proche de la discipline, distinguer écoles, traditions intellectuelles et générations, pour mieux cerner les courants doctrinaux qui font débat.
Des usages variables de la doxographie dans la tradition grammaticale arabe
Authors: Guillaume Jean-Patrick
Published: May 2014

Although the Arabic grammatical tradition never acknowledged its historicity, it nevertheless gathered a vast amount of informations about its past. These informations appear in two different textual genres : bio-bibliographic collection on the one hand, doxographical works on the other. After a brief survey of the former, this paper adresses the latter, through three particular cases, Ibn al-Anbārī’s Inṣāf, Ibn Mālik’s Tashīl

and Astarābāḏī’s Šarḥ al-Kāfiya.
Du portugais au latin : la place de la traduction dans O Methodo Grammatical para todas as Linguas, d’Amaro de Roboredo (1619)
Authors: Quadros Leite Marli
Published: May 2014

In this paper we analyze the Grammatical Method for All Languages (1619), by Amaro de Roboredo, a Portuguese author, in order to check the relevance of translation in the construction of a teaching/ learning methodology for teaching Latin using Portuguese language. In trying to Follow Sanctius, in Minerve, Roboredo simplified the grammatical theorization. This epistemological posture is also reflected on the methodology used in Roboredo’s work. In an attempt to make teaching more effective, Roboredo wrote his grammar in Portuguese, using translation principles which would enable students to know theoretically the rules of their mothertongue in order to compare them with those of a foreign language, in this case, the Latin language. In this context, we are concerned with the role of translation in the Grammatical Method for All Languages,

in order to show, on the one hand how the author made use of Portuguese to teach Latin, and on the other hand, to observe which strategies Roboredo used to make Latin be said in Portuguese. This paper has two parts : in the first one, we present some data about the author and his work ; in the second one, we explore the principles of the Methodology and the translation through which it is built, using examples, especially about verbs and prepositions, in order to be able to visualize that which is presented descriptively.
La néologie hispanique : analyse d’une éclosion
Authors: Freixa Judit
Published: May 2014

Dans cet article, nous analysons l’émergence de la néologie hispanique au cours de la dernière décennie. Nous entendons par apports hispaniques ceux produits sur le territoire espagnol ou en langue espagnole. Tout d’abord, nous introduirons les aspects organisationnels de la recherche en néologie, ainsi que les aspects méthodologiques et technologiques. Puis nous nous référerons aux aspects théoriques et descriptifs, avant de nous pencher sur les travaux consacrés aux différentes ressources de l’innovation lexicale. Dans la sixième partie, nous regroupons les apports hispaniques en différents «champs d''étude néologique » . Comme on le verra, le critère utilisé n’est autre que la mise en évidence des regroupements thématiques des travaux : la néologie et les médias, la néologie et la langue parlée, la néologie et la recherche sociolinguistique, la néologie dans les textes littéraires et, enfin, la néologie spécialisée.
La primera gramática escolar “general” publicada en Buenos Aires en los años de la independencia: la Gramática Española o Principios de la Gramática General aplicados a la Lengua Castellana de Felipe Senillosa
Authors: Narvaja de Arnoux Elvira
Published: May 2014

This article examines Felipe Senillosa’s Gramática Española (1817) within the framework of school grammars written following the principles of General grammars. It presents, from a glottopolitical perspective, the effect of these school grammars on the process of building of Nation States. It then studies the theoretical and pedagogical options that the Gramática Española offers and discusses its syntactic aspects, particularly those which concern the clause. The article closes by focusing on grammatical and logical analysis, and points out which criteria and operations reappear in later texts, namely school grammars within a structuralist tradition.
Fraseología, traducción y control de calidad: acerca de la (im)posibilidad de armonización de parámetros para la evaluación
Authors: Leiva Rojo Jorge
Published: May 2014

La question de la qualité (et plus récemment, la manière de la mesurer) est devenue un sujet presque récurrent dans les Études sur la Traduction. Toutefois, quelques parcelles de ce domaine de la connaissance semblent avoir été laissées de côté par rapport à cette tendance. La traduction des unités phraséologiques est un de ces domaines, car les mentions faites à ce sujet sont rares et imprécises quand on analyse les procédures résultant de la traduction des unités phraséologiques. L’objectif de ce travail est double : d’un côté, réunir les opinions les plus significatives des traductologues par rapport à la recherche de la qualité dans la traduction des unités phraséologiques, d’un autre côté, définir les paramètres nécessaires pour la classification des erreurs dans la traduction de phraséologie.
La linguistique hispanique dans HEL
Authors: Chabrolle- Cerretini Anne-Marie
Published: May 2014

This paper analyses the different articles and reviews published in HEL about Hispanic Linguistics. We will try to show how this tradition is seen through these texts.
À quoi reconnaît-on la tagmémique ? Entre structuralisme périphérique et grammaire de texte : essai de modélisation épistémologique
Authors: Léonard Jean Léo
Published: May 2014

How is Tagmemics consistent with the main features of structuralism ? How does it differ from better known forms of structuralism, such as the Sapir-Boas or Bloomfieldian paradigms of empirical linguistics ? We shall address these questions using sixteen criteria proper to tagmemics, and an additional seven criteria (suggested by Gilles Deleuze) which define structuralism. Tagmemics turns out to be a fairly paradoxical form of functionalism. Indeed, modern typological and computational linguistics are highly indebted to its data and models, though Tagmemics can no longer be considered a leading trend in modern linguistics. This paper revisits Tagmemics through some programmatic texts by Kenneth Pike and Robert Longacre, with special attention to Mazatec data, which, with Mixtec, had a significant influence on the theoretical framework of Tagmemics. This case study shows how structuralist empiricism influenced modern linguistics long after the heyday of classical North-American structuralism. It also shows how empirical data from specific languages provided modern linguistics with many fundamental intuitions and insights. Tagmemics represents a case of a strongly data-driven paradigm feeding linguistic typology, and this trend should be investigated further in order to disentangle historical sources of empirical linguistics.
Body Sodium, Potassium and Water in Peritoneal Dialysis-Associated Hyponatremia
Authors: Sun Yijuan , Mills David , Ing Todd S. , Shapiro Joseph I. , Tzamaloukas Antonios H.
Published: May 2014

Objective

This report presents a method quantitatively analyzing abnormalities of body water and monovalent cations (sodium plus potassium) in patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD) with true hyponatremia.

Methods

It is well known that in the face of euglycemia serum sodium concentration is determined by the ratio between the sum of total body sodium plus total body potassium on the one hand and total body water on the other. We developed balance equations that enabled us to calculate excesses or deficits, relative to the state of eunatremia and dry weight, in terms of volumes of water and volumes of isotonic solutions of sodium plus potassium when patients presented with hyponatremia. We applied this method retrospectively to 5 episodes of PD-associated hyponatremia (serum sodium concentration 121–130 mEq/L) and compared the findings of the method with those of the clinical evaluation of these episodes.

Results

Estimates of the new method and findings of the clinical evaluation were in agreement in 4 of the 5 episodes, representing euvolemic hyponatremia (normal total body sodium plus potassium along with water excess) in 1 patient, hypovolemic hyponatremia (deficit of total body sodium plus potassium along with deficit of total body water) in 2 patients, and hypervolemic hyponatremia (excess of total body sodium along with larger excess of total body water) in 1 patient. In the 5th patient, in whom the new method suggested the presence of water excess and a relatively small deficit of monovalent cations, the clinical evaluation had failed to detect the cation deficit.

Conclusions

Evaluation of imbalances in body water and monovalent cations in PD-associated hyponatremia by the method presented in this report agrees with the clinical evaluation in most instances and could be used as a guide to the treatment of hyponatremia. Prospective studies are needed to test the potential clinical applications of this method.
An Ontology-based Profile for Learner Representation in Learning Networks
Authors: Rezgui Kalthoum , Mhiri Hédia , Ghédira Khaled
Published: May 2014

In the context of lifelong learning, learning networks are emerged as alternative and feasible integrated models that merge pedagogical, organizational, and technological perspectives to support and promote the provision of lifelong learning opportunities. Among the significant issues that arise when setting up a learning network is the question of how to support communication between repositories that employ different schemes for describing learner profiles. To guarantee correct interpretation, a semantic common metadata schema is required. This paper aims to propose an ontological structure for representing a learner profile that augments it with semantics and provides a common vocabulary for the exchange of the different learner's characteristics that can be presented in a learner model. The proposed structure is based on different learner information with respect to well-known learner model specifications. Besides, it reuses terms from well-developed Semantic Web vocabularies which make it semantic web compliant and integrates different domain taxonomies and subject taxonomies that are used as ranges for particular concepts' slots.
Students' Perceptions of E-learning at the University of Jordan
Authors: Almarabeh Tamara
Published: May 2014

E-learning occupies a high place in universities and academic institutes and it is given the priority by the departments in these educational institutions. What we are witnessing today of the development of information technology and communications, networks, and multimedia is pushing us in the direction of the adoption of E-learning in education. The purpose of this study is to examine students' perception of E-learning at the University of Jordan based on Technology Acceptance Model. The results of the study show that the students are highly qualified and accepting the E-learning system with the desire to use it in more advanced manner.
Selection criteria predictive of academic success in the first two years of the integrated diploma in nursing
Authors: Uys L. R.
Published: May 2014

Student wastage during basic nursing programmes has been estimated at between 20% and 47% per annum over the last 10 years (Kotze, 1987; SANA, 1983). The training of every student costs the state approximately R13 500 per annum according to an investigation done by the SA Nursing Association in 1987. The economic loss due to the student wastage is therefore significant. At the same time student numbers are declining at a time during which many more nurses are necessary to maintain the ratio of registered nurses to the population (Kotze, 1987). The student wastage therefore also has serious implications for the health services. Since training schools usually receive more applications than can be accommodated as students, the process of selection becomes a key factor in selecting students who will complete the programme and join the professional nursing cadre.
Obstacles to and motivation for successful breast-feeding
Authors: Bergh A-M
Published: May 2014

This study determined obstetric physiotherapists' perceptions about major obstacles to and methods of motivation for successful breast-feeding by means of the Friedman non-parametric procedure for the two-way analysis of variance. Three categories of obstacles were identified: maternal obstacles, health professionals and society. Maternal obstacles mentioned most were insufficient motivation (25%) and knowledge (24%), anxiety (14%), fatigue (14%), and employment (14%). Obstacles related to health professionals included tack of support for mothers (20%), inappropriate lactation management (19%), lack of knowledge (15%), negative attitudes (5%) and staff shortages (5%). With regard to society, lack of support (27%) and life-styles (29%) were identified as significant obstacles. The two most significantly important methods of motivation were information and education (53%) and contact with other breast-feeders (27%). It is concluded that breast-feeding education efforts can be improved by identifying obstacles to breast-feeding and methods of motivation and that the Friedman test may be a statistical procedure to consider for determining priorities.
’n Vergelyking tussen kinderpsigiatriese verpleging in Suid-Afrika en San Francisco
Authors: Van Rhyn L.
Published: May 2014

The provision of services to children with psychiatric disorders in the Republic of South Africa - especially black and underprivileged children - is limited and inadequate. The practice of the nurse in the field of child psychiatry is vague and undeveloped and there are few nurses in South Africa with the knowledge and skills to set guidelines for this area of practice. A qualitative field study was undertaken in South Africa and San Francisco to analyze, describe and compare the situation in regard to contemporary nursing practice in child psychiatry. The result showed that nurses in San Francisco were academically better qualified than their colleagues in South Africa, while many similarities regarding theraputic skills were found.
The professional educational needs of non-practising nurses registered with the South African Nursing Council
Authors: Ehlers V. J.
Published: May 2014

Unless the nursing profession can manage to recruit and retain sufficient numbers of professional nurses, it might become impossible to render adequate health care to the citizens of South Africa. Many studies and much effort, have been directed towards the recruitment of nurses. Much less has been done to retain these nurses once they have entered the nursing world or to recruit non-practising nurses to re-enter the profession. This study aimed to contribute to knowledge about non-practising nurses and their educational needs, as well as to provide a data base for future studies.
An adaptation of the Neuman Systems Model to the care of the hospitalized preschool child
Authors: Orr J. P.
Published: May 2014

This article describes an adaptation of the Neuman Systems Model to the care of the hospitalized preschool child. This was done to unite the physical care of the hospitalized preschool child with other aspects of his development and to describe the causes and prevention of stresses of hospitalization for this child.
Die belewenis van ouers met ’n siek premature baba
Authors: Van der Heyde M. E. , Nolte A. G. W.
Published: May 2014

The purpose of this study was to identify and describe the experiences of the parents of an ill premature infant in order to identify the needs of the parents going through this potential crisis. As a result of the constant medical and technological progress the percentage of premature infants is continually increasing. It is therefore of vital importance that the nursing and other medical staff are made aware of the trauma that these parents experience. This will enable them in giving adequate support and accompaniment in the prevention of social pathology.
Die rol van profete as verskaffers van alternatiewe mediese sorg
Authors: Booyens J. H.
Published: May 2014

In this article the unpublished results of a study on the healing and helping activities of prophets associated with Indigenous or Independent Churches in a Black township are reflected. The healing activities at the prophets homes and some a activities at churches are described as well as aspects of their materia medica. From interviews and a relatively long term association with the prophets it became clear that they are sincere in their conviction that they can help people in distress. From a small survey undertaken during the research, at least some of the former patients/clients of prophets interviewed also indicated that they had been helped/cured by the intervention of the prophets.
Die saalklerk as hulppersoneellid in ’n akademiese hospitaalverplegingseenheid
Authors: Van der Merwe T. , Muller M.
Published: May 2014

The expectation (knowledge and insist) of unit managers as well as ward clerks regarding the duties and responsibilities of the ward clerk in an academic hospital nursing unit in Johannesburg, were questioned. The value of a structured educational programme for ward clerks in order to improve their capabilities profile (knowledge and insist) was also examined. The expectations (knowledge and insight) of unit managers in academic hospital nursing units where ward clerks were employed, were poor regarding the duties and responsibilities of such ward clerks.
Nursing students’ perception of clinical learning experiences as provided by the nursing staff in the wards
Authors: TIakula N. R. C. , Uys L. R.
Published: May 2014

A descriptive survey was carried out, using convenience and systematic sampling in order to better understand the manner in which student nurses perceive their clinical experience in the hospital. Data were collected from 80 subjects in 4 nursing colleges using a critical incident technique. Positive and negative experiences are described,
Assessment of the life experiences of visually impaired adults in the Empangeni region of Kwazulu
Authors: Zungu B. M.
Published: May 2014

The purpose of the study was to assess how visual impairment influenced the experiences of daily living of blind adults in a rural community in KwaZulu, Information was elicited through semi-structured interviews with 16 people (eight men and eight women) between the ages of 21 and 55 years who had been visually impaired from one to more than 20 years. Such visual impairment ranged from inability to perform some of the activities that require the use of eyesight to inability to see at all.
Academic staffing patterns in nursing colleges in Natal and Transvaal
Authors: Khumalo E. T. , Uys L. R.
Published: May 2014

The purpose of this study was to determine post structure in Natal and Transvaal nursing colleges, the extent to which these posts are filled by suitably qualified tutors and the workload of the academic staff in relation to post level and qualifications. Two hundred and thirty-three nurse tutors participated in the study. Data were collected by a questionnaire developed by the researcher. Findings revealed that the post structure was similar in Natal and Transvaal nursing colleges and the workload of nurse tutors was recorded.
The prevention of neural tube defects by folic acid supplementation
Authors: Hitzeroth H. W.
Published: May 2014

Neural tube defects, in particular spina bifida and anencephaly, are serious and relatively common congenital abnormalities worldwide. They also occur in South Africa and affect all population groups to varying degrees. The overall incidence in South Africa is approximately 1-2 per 1000 newborns. Higher incidences, up to 6 per 1000 newborns have been recorded in certain parts, especially in some rural areas of the country. In total as many as 1500 newborns could be affected by a neural tube defect each year. The precise aetiology of neural tube defects is still unknown.
The development of a weighted objective research criterion assessment tool (WORCAT)
Authors: Treadwell I.
Published: May 2014

The aim of this study was to develop an instrument to evaluate research reports objectively according to set criteria, relative weights and critical errors. A tentative instrument was compiled and copies were sent to 144 university lecturers and senior lecturers at South African Nursing Science Departments in order to determine:the face validity of the assessment criteria of the 18 stated aspects of research reportsthe weight or relative value of each of the aspectshow relationships between aspects should be evaluated The relative value of each of the 18 aspects was determined by completing a matrix on which aspects were compared The Analytic Hierarchical Procedure was used to determine the weight of each aspect.
The place of nurses in our society today
Authors: Gourley B. M.
Published: May 2014

You can ask just about anyone you know about what they consider to be the most important jobs in our society and you can be sure that they will include nurses and teachers in their list. Such jobs are so important and require such dedication that it is common to refer to them as ‘vocations’ rather than jobs. The dictionary definition of ‘vocation’ uses words like ‘calling’ indicating that not all people are equipped for such tasks. And so it is with particular pleasure that I add my personal good wishes to the very special people who are dedicating themselves here this evening. As a society I believe we are indebted to you and your colleagues who choose to spend your lives in the service of others and 1 am sure you will find satisfaction and fulfilment in the process.
Views of leading nurse educators regarding the comprehensive basic nursing programme
Authors: Gwele N. S. , Uys L. R.
Published: May 2014

This article describes a Delphi survey amongst nurse educators in South Africa. The aim was to describe their perceptions regarding the reasons for the comprehensive basic nursing programme (CBNP), its aims and expected outcomes. There was general agreement that the programme was necessary, and that it was designed mainly to produce a nurse who could function in a comprehensive health service. Integration of information and economic arguments were also mentioned. Making available a nurse who can deliver a comprehensive service to all people, was also seen as the main aim of the programme. Independent learning, competency in a whole range of skills, the ability to function in a multidisciplinary team and high level cognitive skills were mentioned as additional aims.
A profile of selected psychiatric out-patients in South Africa
Authors: Uys L. R. , Dlamini N. K. , Mabandla S. P.
Published: May 2014

This article reflects the results of three studies done between 1988 and 1991 describing psychiatric outpatients in different towns and cities of South Africa. Two of the samples consist of Black patients and one of Asian patients. In all three studies demographic, socio-economic and illness data were gathered and analysed. A total of 230 patients were surveyed. The typical psychiatric outpatient seems to be in productive period of his life, single, but living with family. He is poorly educated, may never have been employed and is probably now unemployed. The income of this person and the household is very limited, with many people dependent on the few ecomonically active members of the household.
Riglyne vir die verpleegkundige vir die bied van ondersteuning aan ’n gesin van ’n pasiënt in ’n onkologiese eenheid of tuis: Deel II
Authors: Dippenaar I. L. , Greeff M.
Published: May 2014

Whenever cancer is diagnosed in a member of a family, additional pressure and demands are placed on the family system. Certain issues occur in the family to the extent that they experience their situation and cope with it in their own way. The family's main concern is their experience of mental discomfort. One way of coping with this is by submitting to psychiatric nursing accompaniment tendered by a psychiatric nursing specialist. As the family proceeds to acceptance, specific needs occur, which should addressed by means of a long-term approach of support. This support rests mainly with the registered nurse who works with the family, since the number of trained psychiatric nursing specialists available is small.
A marketing strategy for a nursing college
Authors: Pryde M. , Muller M.
Published: May 2014

The objective of this study is to explore and describe a marketing strategy for a nursing college. An explorative and descriptive research design, within the context of a nursing college and affiliated hospitals, was followed. A literature study of marketing models was undertaken and the Delphi-method was utilised to determine the contribution of marketing staff and the possible content of a marketing strategy for a nursing college. The results were utilised to describe guidelines for such a strategy, consisting of marketers/marketing agents, target market, product, price, promotional activities, place and market research. Recommendations include the planning, implementation and evaluation of strategy, inservice training for potential marketing agents, inclusion of marketing as part of the formal education of tutors and nurse managers,as well as an impact study of the scholar as the main consumer.
Determination of needs of black aged persons in Port Elizabeth: Direction for future interventions
Authors: Ntshona M. M. S.
Published: May 2014

Social, economic and health care needs of elderly black persons in Port Elizabeth and areas in its immediate vicinity are investigated. Conclusions are drawn from a sample study of 301 elderly people. The investigation reveals that the majority of pensioners are -women, their educational standard is below standard 10, and they have little vocational or specialized training. A high proportion (86%) of them are breadwinners and therefore they are unwilling to reside in institutions. Recreational facilities are inadequate. Pension payout points are overcrowded and disorganized. Also health care services are inaccessible to most elderly people. In view of these findings, a community-based approach to care for the elderly is recommended. The approach should promote social interaction among elderly through establishment of luncheon clubs and service centres and well-being of all elderly through geriatric clinics as well as home care services for the infirm. This entails an intersectorial collaboration, with the elderly being fully involved and participating. Considering the exponential growth of the elderly population in South Africa, it is imperative that the government and other organizations should take cognizance of studies of this nature when making future decisions as regards the care of this group.
Midwifery care standards for the first stage of labour
Authors: Railoon Z. , Nolte A. G. W.
Published: May 2014

Changes in the social and political structures have brought about changing demands on the delivery of health care. The restructuring of health care under the banner of comprehensive health care has brought about a diversity of lifestyles, traditions, cultures, customs and language barriers which presently cannot be met in totality because of lack of knowledge and understanding of the above-mentioned aspects on the part of health professionals.
‘n Plan vir die bepaling van pasiëntakuutheidsvlakke vir verpleegkundige postebepaling
Authors: Van Wyk A. J. , Muller M. E.
Published: May 2014

This study of patient activity level plans (PALP) to determine nursing levels form-patients units was carried out by means of an exploratory, descriptive instrumental study within the context of a nursing situation. With the literature study serving as background, a patient activity level plan (PALP) was designed, according to accepted criteria, to find data on which to base post determination for nursing staff. This study was done at a private research hospital in Johannesburg where all the patients and nursing staff (first- as well as second-in-charge) were involved. The PAUP-instrument was designed by the researcher, and under supervision of the researcher it was implemented in seven nursing units in the hospital. (The instrument proved to be highly reliable p = 0.999).
‘n Studie gerig op die benuting van simulasie as onderrigstrategie in die kliniese onderrig afdeling by Ann Latsky Verplegingskollege
Authors: Crous J. S. , De Villiers L. , Mouton C. , Beyers T.
Published: May 2014

Simulation gives the student the opportunity far creativity while experimenting under simulated circumstances. Simulation provides an area where complex objectives can be achieved and potentially dangerous procedures can be practised in a risk-five area. Students can also repeal aspects of a complicated procedure until they reach the required competency level and gain the necessary self confidence to function in the work situation. Where learning experiences are lacking in the practical area, simulation could be used. An effective simulation facility should present the practical situation of the ward.
Psychiatric nursing research based on nursing for the whole person theory
Authors: Poggenpoel M.
Published: May 2014

One of the determinants for decision-making in conducting psychiatric nursing research is the researchers’ framework of reference he/she works from. This framework of reference refers to the way in which researcher views reality and is called a paradigm and consists of metatheoretical, theoretical and methodological assumptions. The metatheoretical assumptions reflect the researcher’s view of a person, health, nursing and environment. These are beliefs and cannot be tested and are accepted to be true for the researcher. The theoretical assumptions are deducted from the metatheoretical assumptions and can be formulated into central statements or hypothesis and be validated through research. Nursing for the Whole Person Theory has a set of metatheoretical, theoretical and methodological assumptions that can provide direction in conducting psychiatric nursing research. In this paper the application of Nursing for the Whole Person Theory in conducting psychiatric nursing research will be demonstrated by using a completed psychiatric nursing research study as an example.
Standards for the management of swabs, needles and instruments in the operating theatre
Authors: Astrop A. , Van der Merwe T. , Muller M.
Published: May 2014

The management of swabs, needles and instruments in the operating theatre is a high-risk and problem-prone area for the operating theatre nurse. The purpose of this research is to formulate specific standards on the management of swabs, needles and instruments in the operating theatre to ensure the safety of the patient. An exploratory and descriptive research design was used and executed in 3 hospitals of a private hospital group in Gauteng. A structured two phase process was followed, ie the development phase and the validation phase. This last phase was done by means of deliberate debate. It is recommended that these standards be implemented, tested and validated on a national basis and a monitoring and evaluation system should be developed to ensure nursing compliance with these standards.
The use of action research as an appropriate method of introducing and evaluating change in nursing care in an accident & emergency unit in Durban – Part 2
Authors: Kerr D.
Published: May 2014

This 2-part article discussed firstly in Curationis 19.3 this year, the general characteristics of action research, compares several strategies of approach and describes the author's chosen method of applying action research to particular aspects of nursing care in an Accident & Emergency Unit in a Durban hospital. This second part describes identification of problems within the unit, the implementation of change and the limitations and potential of such study to nursing practice.
A study of clinical performance of nurses who recently completed the comprehensive basic nursing course
Authors: Ntombela B. B. , Mzimela N. D. , Mhlongo C. S. , Mashaba T. G.
Published: May 2014

A study was conducted to assess clinical performance of registered nurses who had recently completed the new comprehensive basic nursing course. This regional project was undertaken because of controversy surrounding clinical competence of the graduates/diplomates of the new regulation course. Senior qualified nurses gave their views according to Likert Scale statements and open-ended questions. Findings were that the sample was of the opinion that clinical performance of the new graduates/diplomates falls short of expectations.
The implications of culture shock for health educators: Reflections with Barer-Stein
Authors: Arthur M. L.
Published: May 2014

Culture shock is an intensely personal universal human experience that may emerge in any cross cultural social encounter. Therefore, it may be deduced that culture shock is an experience that may occur in all spheres of life in which individuals are confronted by world views and life styles that differ from their own whether in terms of health, education or occupation amongst others. It is a situation that calls for adaptation or adjustment on the part of the individual. TTtis article explores the relationship between culture shock and culture adaptation as an aspect of learning which has been developed by Thelma Barer-Stein. Stress is laid on the role of the individual, as health educator, and the choices must make if he/she is to gain an understanding of the community in which he/she serves and to attribute new meanings to the situation by which he/she is confronted
A formative model for student nurse development and evaluation
Authors: Van der Merwe A. S. , Roos E. C. , Mulder M. , Joubert A. , Botha D. E.
Published: May 2014

Preparing student nurses for the profession is a complex task for nurse educators; especially when dealing with the development of personal and interpersonal skills, qualities and values held in high esteem by the nursing profession and the community they serve. These researchers developed a model for formative evaluation of students by using the principles of inductive and deductive reasoning. This model was implemented in clinical practice situations and evaluated for its usefulness. It seems that the model enhanced the standards of nursing care because it had a positive effect on the behaviour of students and they were better motivated; the model also improved interpersonal relationships and communication between practising nurses and students.
Kennis en houding van verpleegstudente aangaande VIGS in drie opleidingsinstansies in die, Wes-Kaap
Authors: Bester M. E. , Arendse Y.
Published: May 2014

A survey was done by means of a questionnaire to obtain information on the knowledge and attitudes of 297 nursing students from three training institutions in the Western Cape regarding HIV-infection and AIDS-patients.
Blood glucose control and compliance of diabetic children
Authors: De Villiers F. P. R. , Chester E. , Meyers K. E. C.
Published: May 2014

Non-compliance is an important factor hindering good control in diabetics. The aim of this study was to identify areas of poor compliance with the diabetes management regimen in the children attending our clinic. A questionnaire was administered to 57 patients who attend the Paediatric Diabetes Clinic. It was designed to elicit socio-demographic data and information about the diabetic regimen. Prior to the administration of the questionnaire, patients were classified as being well, satisfactorily or poorly controlled, based on their average glycosylated Haemoglobin results over the past year.
Die operasionalisering van ‘n model vir die ontwikkeling van kliniese verplegingstandaarde
Authors: Van der Merwe T. , Muller M.
Published: May 2014

One of the requirements for a nursing model in any field of nursing is its practical implementation. The purpose of this article is to describe how the model for the development of nursing standards in a nursing service was implemented and evaluated An exploratory and descriptive research design was followed, with a simple pilot study during which 9 nurses were requested to give their view on the model. The model was successfully implemented in the nursing service of an academic hospital. Evaluation revealed that the implementation facilitated quality nursing, the resocialising of values and the professional and personal growth of nurses in that nursing service.
Culture bound syndromes in a group of Xhosa with psychiatric disorders
Authors: Shezi E. N. , Uys L. R.
Published: May 2014

The article describes the culture bound syndromes found amongst a sample of 40 psychiatric patients seen at Umzimkulu Hospital serving mainly Xhosa speaking people. A CBS could be identified in 15 of these patients. CBS similar to four of the six syndromes found in these patients were Ascribed in DSM IV, while two were not The CBS were compared to the Axis 1 diagnoses, and the different syndromes described.
’n Geestesgesondheidsmodel vir ondersteuning van gesinslede wat moet besluit oor die onttrekking van lewensondersteunende behandeling
Authors: Oberholster M. , Poggenpoel M. , Gmeiner A. C.
Published: May 2014

The aim of this research is to develop, describe, operationalise and evaluate a model as framework for meaningful support by the advanced psychiatric nurse, which will serve to support family members who are involved in the decision-making process regarding the withdrawal of life sustaining treatment, in order to promote their mental health. The paradigm of the Department of Nursing of the Rand Afrikaans University, which endorses the Theory for Health Improvement in Nursing (Randse Afrikaanse Universiteit: Departement Verpleegkunde, 200:1-16) was accepted for the purpose of this research.
Integration of study material in the problem-based learning method
Authors: Becker S. , Viljoen M. J. , Botma Y. , Bester I. J.
Published: May 2014

Throughout the world educators are starting to realise that integrated curricula reflect the “real world”. Students learn how to integrate theory appropriately with practice and it stimulates higher order thinking skills. Problem-based learning (PBL) was used as a learning strategy in an integrated undergraduate programme. A quantatative non-experimental design, a survey, was used to determine how problem-based learning influences integration of learning by the students. Using a purposive sampling method all the first-year nursing students (43) at the University of the Free State participating in the programme were included in the study. Data was collected by means of a student perception questionnaire (SPQ).
Management of Midfacial Fractures: An Overview
Authors: Thapliyal GK , Rajan H Ranga
Published: May 2014

Trauma to the midface involves fracture of the maxilla, the zygoma, orbit and the nasoorbital ethmoid complex. The facial skeleton is made up of thin segments of bone encased and supported by a more rigid framework of ‘buttresses’. The midface is anchored to the cranium through this framework. Midfacial fractures can occur in isolation or in combination with other serious injuries. The road traffic accidents are still the main etiology of the midface fractures followed by assault, fall, sports and warfare injuries. The management of the midface remains a challenge for the maxillofacial surgeons, demanding both skill and expertise.

Midface fractures are most often seen in young adult males whereas there is very low incidence in children. There is little difference in the outcome of stable patients whose fractures are treated very early vs those treated in a more delayed fashion. Rigid and semirigid plating systems perform well with few complications when used to repair midfacial fractures provided proper reduction is obtained. The dental occlusion must be used as the lower frame of reference when treating fractures that result in instability of the maxillary alveolus relative to the skull base. The most common complication after rigid repair of facial fractures appears to be malunion secondary to inadequate reduction.

How to cite this article

Thapliyal GK, Ranga Rajan H. Management of Midfacial Fractures: An Overview. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2014;48(2):68-74.
Management of Orbital Floor Fractures: An Oculoplastic Surgeon's View
Authors: Bageja Shaloo , Arora Surbhi , Grover Ashok Kumar
Published: May 2014

Orbital fractures commonly occur in maxillofacial trauma causing enophthalmos and diplopia. The isolated orbital floor fracture often called as blow out fracture is a common presentation following blunt trauma. The floor fractures may also occur in combination with zygomatic arch fractures, Le Fort II or III or with fracture of other orbital bones. The cosmetic and functional problems can virtually become untreatable if floor fractures are not properly managed. In recent years, management of these fractures has been standardized with special emphasis on methods of treatment, timing and materials used for reduction.

How to cite this article

Arora S, Grover AK, Bageja S. Management of Orbital Floor Fractures: An Oculoplastic Surgeon's View. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2014;48(2):75-80.
Replantation of an Avulsed Primary Incisor: Report of a Case with Favorable Outcome
Authors: Gauba Krishan , Goyal Ashima , Kapur Aditi
Published: May 2014

Replantation of an avulsed primary tooth is not recognized as a treatment option due to the possibility of several unfavorable outcomes and insufficient documented clinical evidence to bring about any change in the protocols. There are a few case reports, however, which have shown successful results. The following paper reports a successfully carried out replantation procedure in a 3-year and 2-month-old female child and discusses possible reasons for a favorable outcome.

How to cite this article

Kapur A, Goyal A, Gauba K. Replantation of an Avulsed Primary Incisor: Report of a Case with Favorable Outcome. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2014;48(2):105-108.
Influence of CO2 observations on the optimized CO2 flux in an ensemble Kalman filter
Authors: Kim J. , Kim H. M. , Cho C.-H.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. Various data assimilation schemes have been applied in studies on atmospheric CO2 inversion. An influence matrix based on the linear statistical analysis scheme can diagnose the impact of individual observations on a particular analysis. In this study, to estimate the effect of CO2 observations on an analysis of surface CO2 flux, both the analysis sensitivity and the information content were calculated using the influence matrix in the CarbonTracker, which is an inverse modeling system for estimating surface CO2 flux based on an ensemble Kalman filter. The experimental period was from January 2000 to December 2009. The global average self-sensitivity is 4.8%, which implies that the analysis extracts 4.8% of the information from the observations and 95.2% from the background each assimilation cycle. Because the surface CO2 flux in each week is optimized by five weeks of observations, the cumulative impact over five weeks would be greater than 4.8%. The analysis sensitivity is inversely proportional to the number of observations used in the assimilation, which is distinctly apparent in continuous observation categories with a sufficient number of observations. The time series of the globally averaged analysis sensitivities shows seasonal variations, with greater sensitivities in summer and lower sensitivities in winter, which is attributed to the surface CO2 flux uncertainty. The time-averaged analysis sensitivities in the Northern Hemisphere are greater than those in the Tropics and the Southern Hemisphere. The information content indicates an imbalance between the observation coverage in North America and that in other regions. Approximately half of the total observational information is provided by continuous observations, mainly from North America, which indicates that continuous observations are the most informative and that comprehensive coverage of additional observations in other regions is necessary to estimate the surface CO2 flux in these areas as accurately as in North America. In addition, the uncertainty of the surface CO2 flux in Asia, where observations are sparse, is reduced by assimilating five weeks of observations as opposed to one week of observations in North America, which indicates that a longer assimilation window with a lag is necessary to optimize the surface CO2 flux in Asia.