bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
World Trade Organisation System
Authors: Aboagye Emmanuel Mensah , Owusu Nana Osei , Yamoah Monica , Ashiagbor Richmond , Effah Kwaku Obeng
Published: July 2022

In today’s world, sustainable development has become the consensus of the international community. With the development and progress of the world economy and the launch of the wave of environmental protection in the world, market trade and environmental protection issues have gradually gained the full attention of government departments and people in many countries around the world, and gradually developed into one of the core issues in the global political, economic and multi-industry fields. The laws and regulations on environmental protection adopted by international organizations and countries and the basic rules of market trade constitute the basis for applying environmental control supervision. The researchers adopted a systematic online search to identify journal articles, reports, and other relevant documents related to the market trade and environmental protection. The online search was done mainly on Google, Google Scholar and Bing to retrieve related documents on market trade and environmental protection. The study unraveled a complex relationship between market trade and environmental protection, and the international community has paid too much attention.  Foreign trade policy aims to avoid the development of a new market trade restriction and implementation program, protect market trade, eliminate the existing barriers to the market trade, restrict market trade laws and regulations, and finally achieve the way to increase the effectiveness of market trade.  Therefore, environmental protection and market trade are two systems, and it is a core contradiction to abide by which fundamental principles are observed. To solve and deal with the relationship between market trade and the environment, it must redefine the relevant influencing factors in these two systems. The researchers suggested that through the coordination of management, there should be a careful study from the experience of relevant organizations, such as the European Union, NAFTA, OECD and then put forward specific ideas for coordinated management.
Investigating the influence of co-design on design process for developing new products
Authors: Shaukat Mian Mobeen
Published: July 2022

Co-design is an emerging trend in new product development that incorporates customer input into design process. It connects customers, designers, and engineers throughout product design and development process. This paper explores co-design strategies for product design from various companies. In particular, the paper addresses the following questions: What types of products are being co-designed?  How co-design is influencing the design process?  How can co-design help companies shape their design strategies?  Examples of co-designed products are presented and different roles that customers play in co-design of these products is described. The influence of co-design on conventional design process is also discussed in detail. Companies can now directly ask their current and potential customers about various product offerings and base their strategy on responses received by the customers. Co-design will play a major role in shaping design strategy of major companies.
Oportunidades de aprendizagem e limitações em um Projeto de Ensino de Inglês na Educação Básica na perspectiva dos multiletramentos
Authors: Ortenzi Denise Ismenia Bossa Grassano , El Kadri Michele Salles , Santana Pedro Américo Rodrigues , Rombaldi Gabrieli , Lima Maria Paula Pereira , Amorin Larissa de Souza
Published: July 2022

Este trabalho identificou oportunidades de aprendizagem e limitações em uma proposta de voltada para a aprendizagem de inglês e literatura pela perspectiva dos multiletramentos. A análise fundamentada na Teoria da Atividade aponta que a proposta favoreceu os multiletramentos e aprendizagem da linguagem como prática social, e foi limitada por a) baixa adesão à divisão de trabalho; b) pouca colaboração da comunidade escolar para viabilizar o uso de tecnologias digitais; c) rejeição ao objeto de estudo por parte dos estudantes; d) não-ressignificação do celular como ferramenta pedagógica; e) escolhas pouco conscientes no processo de apropriação; e f) uso da língua portuguesa.
Influence of Activated Charcoal Addition on the Adhesion, Emission, Physical, Mechanical, and Biological Properties of Particleboard
Authors: Indrayani Yuliati , Septiani Evi , Setyawati Dina , Mariani Yeni
Published: July 2022

The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of bagasse-activated charcoal for reduced formaldehyde emissions and their effect on the physical, mechanical, and biological properties of particleboard. Activated charcoal was made by carbonizing bagasse at 300°C for 2.5 h, followed by carbon activation using a 0.1M HCl solution for 24 h. Particleboards were made of a mixture of bagasse and wood particles with a ratio of 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100. The concentrations of activated charcoal used in manufacturing particleboards were 2, 4, and 6% based on the dry weight of the particles. Particleboards were made with a target density of 0.7 g/cm³ and hot-pressed at 140°C for 10 min with a pressure of 35 kg/cm2. The observed parameters were formaldehyde emission levels, physical properties, mechanical properties, and biological properties of particleboards. The results showed that the more activated charcoal added in the manufacture of particleboards decreased formaldehyde emissions of the panel. Based on the SNI 5008.2:2016, the overall formaldehyde emission value of particleboard in this study with activated charcoal is in the F* category. The addition of activated charcoal improved the physical, mechanical, and biological properties of particleboards in terms of increased density, decreased water content, water absorption, and thickness swelling, increased modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, internal bonding, and screw withdrawal, as well as increased resistance to termites. The particleboard with the addition of 6% activated charcoal showed better mechanical, physical, and biological properties. All physical and mechanical properties of particleboard met the JIS A 5908-2003 Type 8 standards, except for the modulus of elasticity.
Keywords: Activated charcoal, bagasse, biological properties, formaldehyde emission, mechanical properties, particleboard, physical properties
Physical and Mechanical Properties of Bamboo Oriented Strand Board Under Various Post-Thermal Treatment Duration
Authors: Mangurai Silvia Uthari Nuzaverra Mayang , Maulana Sena , Murda Rio Ardiansyah , Muhamad Soleh , Hidayat Wahyu , Bindar Yazid
Published: July 2022

Post-treatment of bamboo-oriented strand board (BOSB) through thermal modification can be an alternative to improve BOSB quality. This study aimed to analyze the effect of post-thermal treatment duration on the physical and mechanical properties of BOSB. Three-layers BOSB with a target density of 0.7 g/cm3 was made with the core layer perpendicular to the surface and bonded with 8% phenol-formaldehyde resin. The BOSB produced was then thermally-modified at 160°C for 1, 2, and 3 h. The physical and mechanical properties of BOSB were determined based on JIS A 5908-2003 standard. The results showed that the physical properties of the thermally-modified BOSB increased while the mechanical properties decreased compared to the untreated BOSB. The moisture content (MC), water absorption (WA), and thickness swelling (TS) of BOSB decreased with the increase in post-thermal treatment duration. The decrease in MC, WA, and TS of the thermally-modified BOSB reached 38.60%, 11.92%, and 33.26%, respectively. In addition, the decrease in modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR), and internal bonding of the thermally-modified BOSB reached 19.18%, 23.15%, and 53.51%, respectively. The results showed that TS, MOE, and MOR of the thermally-modified BOSB still could meet the 0437.0 standards for commercial OSB (Grade O-1).
Keywords: bamboo-oriented strand board, Dendrocalamus asper, physical and mechanical properties, post-thermal treatment, treatment duration
Evidence of Mental Health in University Students: A Contribution to Literacy
Authors: Costa Maria Olívia Conceição , Galvão Ana Maria , Liébana Maria José
Published: July 2022

The data on the mental health of young people, in the current scientific evidence, point to the need for a constant updating of perspectives in relation to the contexts in which it is inserted, aiming at a more targeted intervention and its empowerment. In this context, it was described in the study: "Consumption of psychoactive substances in university students...What reality?" as one of the objectives- Identify the level of psychological health (depression, anxiety, and stress) of students at the Instituto Politécnico de Bragança. A quantitative, descriptive, correlational, and cross-sectional study was carried out. A (non-probabilistic) sample of 392 students was used. The assessment of the students' psychological health was carried out using the Anxiety, Depression, and Stress Scale (EADS21) by Lovibond and Lovibond, adapted by Pais Ribeiro in 2004. SPSS was used to process the data using descriptive statistics and inferential with a significance level of 95%. As a result, we have that: about 25% of students show above-normal levels of intensity in the depression and stress dimensions, reaching almost one-third in the anxiety dimension. The correlations between the EADS21 dimensions were moderate to strong. There was a statistically significant difference between the respondents: according to sex (p=0,001; Cohen's d=0,344), for the dimension of stress; according to whether or not they practiced physical exercise, for the dimension of stress (p=0,010; Cohen's d=0,280), anxiety (p=0,006; Cohen's d=0,252) and depression (p=0,034; Cohen's d=0,244); according to whether or not they had already started sexual activity, for the depression dimension (p=0,019; Cohen's d=0,287); according to whether or not they consider awareness-raising actions relevant, for the depression dimension (p=0,018; Cohen's d=0,331). We conclude that the results show that the general values are low in each of the mental health dimensions of the EADS21. This implies good experiences of respondents in a university context, in addition to the fact that female students have higher values in all dimensions of the EADS21, as well as those who do not practice physical exercise, those who have not yet started sexual activity, and those who do not consider relevant awareness-raising actions.
Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs): Practices, Trends, and Challenges for the Higher Education
Authors: Voudoukis Nikolaos , Pagiatakis Gerasimos
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this paper is to provide an insight to the term Massive Online Open Courses (MOOCs), the practices, trends and challenges for the higher education institutions. MOOCs, although having a short history, literally took off in 2012 when MIT and Harvard created “edX”, former Stanford professors created “Coursera”, a private company created “Udacity” and UK’s Open University created “Future Learn”. Nowadays, the majority of academic institutions in US and Europe are offering MOOCs to their students, providing a wide variety of online courses in difference subjects with the option, if wanted, to obtain a course certificate.

The arrival of MOOCs has greatly affected higher education worldwide, since learners have greater access and more options for their education, they are forcing higher education institutions to reevaluate their educational approaches and to comply with the current educational trends. There are many reasons why students decide to participate in a MOOC.  Naming a few, to obtain a degree, to get a new job, to get promotion, to get a post retirement job, to be admitted in a college, to use it as corporate training. For this reason, both state and private universities begin to reexamine their educational strategy and methods, in a local and international level. The question that arises regards whether MOOCs can be considered to be the future in education, or it will be proved that this increasing interest is nothing more than a bubble what will bust in the foreseeable future.
Students’ Perceptions of Corrective Feedback in EFL Classrooms in Higher Education
Authors: Skenderi Lindita
Published: July 2022

Feedback in general represents an essential aspect of the teaching and learning process. As such, it is also seen as closely connected to students’ academic achievement and development. This study examines students’ perceptions of three types of corrective feedback, such as explicit correction, elicitation, and recasts. Additionally, it aims to show the correlation between the academic achievement of students and corrective feedback. A self-designed questionnaire was used to collect data from a random sample of 37 students who attend Business English as a foreign language course. Analysis of the data showed that there is no correlation between corrective students’ perceptions of corrective feedback and their academic achievements. The study showed that students who get corrective feedback don’t feel embarrassed when being corrected, they also like it when they are corrected and see corrective feedback as help in improving their weak areas in language. Despite the lack of a correlation between students’ perceptions of corrective feedback and their academic achievement, this study recommends teachers use corrective feedback with students because students see it as a positive tool in language learning.
Effect of Health Education on the Knowledge of Cervical Cancer, Human Papillomavirus and Self-sampling Among Women in a Low- Resource Setting
Authors: Believe Omowhara , Omosivie Maduka , Soter Ameh , Adekunbiola Banjo
Published: July 2022

Cervical cancer is a disease of public health importance affecting many women and contributing to avoidably high levels of cancer morbidity and mortality in Nigeria. In spite of the relative ease of prevention, the incidence is on the increase. A key reason is the lack of awareness and knowledge of the disease. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of health education on awareness and knowledge of cervical cancer (CC), human papillomavirus (HPV) and self-sampling (SS) among women in a rural Nigerian community. The study design was pre-post quasi-experimental, carried out among adult women in Orhuwhorun community in Udu Local Government Area (LGA) of Delta State. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to recruit 230 women from May to June 2021. Data were collected by semi structured, self- or interviewer- administered questionnaire. The intervention consisted of structured health education. Data analysis was done with SPSS v. 25.0. Paired sample T-test was used to compare the mean scores before and after educational intervention. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.  The intervention raised the level of awareness of cervical cancer, HPV and SS from 18.7%, 14.8% and 0.9% respectively to 100% (p < 0.001). The proportion of women with good knowledge of cervical cancer, HPV and self-sampling rose from 11.7% to 97% (p < 0.001), 7.4% to 93% (p < 0.001) and 0.4% to 100% (p < 0.001) respectively. The mean knowledge scores were also increased (p < 0.001). There was statistically significant difference between the pre and post health education scores concerning the knowledge of cervical cancer (t = 42.989, df = 229, p = 0.001), HPV (t = 51.305, df = 229, p = 0.001) and self-sampling (t = 190.369, df = 229, p = 0.001). The awareness and knowledge of cervical cancer, HPV and SS was low among rural women in Delta State before the health education intervention. It is, therefore, imperative that cervical cancer awareness campaigns among this populace be heightened.
Awareness and Perceptions of Basic Life Support (BLS) among Staff, Students and Abadina Residents of the University of Ibadan
Authors: Oladokun Temitope Florence , Ogungbenro Feyintoluwa Anne , Odetola Titilayo Dorothy , Oluwatosin Abimbola Oyeninhun , Abiona Mary
Published: July 2022

Background: Several studies have been conducted on knowledge of Basic Life Support (BLS) among health workers globally, including Nigeria. However, only few have been carried out among non-health workers, especially staff, students and residents of a higher institution in Nigeria. The study therefore assessed the awareness and perceptions of Basic Life Support among staff, students and residents of University of Ibadan.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional design was used for collecting data for this study. The questionnaire was in three sections, was semi-structured and self-administered based on the set objectives. Data collected were analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences version 21.0.
Results: Majority of the respondents were not trained in BLS (77.7%), majority had poor awareness of BLS (61.3%) and a little above average (52.5%) had good perceptions about BLS. A significant number would rather offer BLS to a relative rather than a stranger (86.4%), quite a number would not offer BLS for the fear of harming victim’s bones and organs. Many would not offer BLS for the fear of making mistake (79.4%). Majority would not perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation for the fear of contracting infection (93.5%) while a sizeable number believed that BLS should only be performed by medical personnel (83.9%).
Conclusion: Appropriate measures should be taken to improve on the awareness and perceptions of Basic Life Support so as to reduce deaths attributable to Out-of-Hospital-Cardiac-Arrest (OHCA), Sudden Cardiac Arrest.
The Africanism in Two Selected Works of C.W.K Mereku: A Formalistic Viewpoint
Authors: Acquah Emmanuel O. , Annan John F. , Sackey Godfred
Published: July 2022

The arrival of the Europeans in brought about formal education of the Western world into the then Gold Coast. In the area of Music, the Western theory of Musical practices were introduced and implemented. The introduction of the Western theory of musical practices deeply affected the early Ghanaian composers such that early compositions were in the framework of Western music education, which affected the use of indigenous Ghanaian cultural and traditional practices. However, in the spirit of nationalism, a crusade of Ghanaian indigenous music traditions was initiated in the early twentieth century by Ephraim Amu and it was supported by many composers who followed. Using Euba’s creative ethnomusicology as the underpinning theoretical framework, the writers seek to examine the composer, C.W.K Mereku, investigating into his academic biography. The study again appreciates Africanism through the formalist viewpoint of two of his works: Ghanamamma (People of Ghana) and Atentenata (Atenteben Sonata), exploring the Ghanaian traditional and indigenous elements, and how he used them in his compositions. This study uses purposive sampling method and focuses on interview and document analysis as instruments for data collection. The two compositions of the study reflect Mereku’s conscious usage of the Ghanaian indigenous elements as source materials to express his identity and the awareness of his thematic intercultural activities.
ІМПЛЕМЕНТАЦІЯ У ПЛІС НЕЙРООБЧИСЛЮВАЧІВ ДЛЯ РОЗПІЗНАВАННЯ СТАНУ РОЗВИТКУ ЕМБРІОНІВ ПТАШЕНЯТ КУРЕЙ
Authors: Уткіна Тетяна Юріївна , Рябцев Володимир Григорович
Published: July 2022

Нині на птахофабриках періодично виконується овоскопування яєць з метою визначення фертильності курячих ембріонів, що мають три стани: живі, мертві та слабкі, а потім вживаються заходи для підвищення вилуплюваності. У статті розроблено два проекти нейрообчислювачів, які імплементовані у програмовані логічні інтегральні схеми фірми Xilinx, призначені для автоматизації моніторингу розвитку курячих ембріонів шляхом розпізнавання їх стану під час інкубації. Розроблено методику поділу площі курячого яйця на 23 сектори для автоматизації процесу овоскопування. Розроблено схемотехнічну VHDL-модель нейронної мережі, що містить 23 нейрони, яка складається з суматора елементів вектора вхідного сигналу та віднімача, що формує вихідні сигнали мережі. Розроблено проект нейронної мережі Хопфілда та виконано верифікацію його моделі за тестовими наборами. Результати моделювання підтвердили високу достовірність нейрообчислювачів при розпізнаванні різнихстанів ембріонів пташенят курей.
ОЦІНКА ПОХИБОК ПРИ ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОМУ ДОСЛІДЖЕННІ ПАРАМЕТРІВ АСИНХРОННИХ ДВИГУНІВ
Authors: Захарченко Владислав Дмитрович , Добролюбова Марина Валеріївна , Стаценко Олексій Володимирович , Шевченко Костянтин Леонідович
Published: July 2022

Статтю присвячено вирішенню задачі аналізу впливу похибок вимірювальних приладів, використовуваних під час виконання стандартизованих тестів асинхронних електричних двигунів, на точність оцінювання параметрів схем заміщення цих двигунів. У статті відповідно до міжнародних стандартів визначено методику та послідовність проведення тестових дос-ліджень асинхронного двигуна, необхідних для оцінювання параметрів його схем заміщення в номінальному режимі роботи. Також розроблено алгоритм розрахунку параметрів двигуна, отримано аналітичні вирази для розрахунку значень абсолютних похибок їх оцінювання та проаналізовано вплив похибок вимірювальних приладів на точність визначення цих параметрів. Використання отриманих у роботі результатів дає змогу оцінити очікувану точність визначення параметрів асинхронних двигунів на етапі, який передує безпосередньо дослідженням, що, в свою чергу, дозволяє сформувати вимоги до вимірювальних приладів.
Najstaršia banská mapa ešte raz: jej georeferencovanie a analýza
Authors: Budaj Martin
Published: July 2022

The oldest known map of a mine in what is now Slovakia was drawn in 1568 and represents an adit named Gottes gab. The location of the mine is given only by the description “auf der Jeraba” (at Jarabá in the Low Tatras) and the exact whereabouts of the mine was unknown until recently. This article describes the methodology used to locate the adit using other mining maps of this area produced in the 18th century, which depicted some landmarks making geolocation possible – a toponym, segments of some country roads and two other mine entrances. The mining maps were georeferenced using historical geography, field research and a detailed DTM. The correctness of the georeferencing was validated by checking the scale (using the scale bar) and rotation parameters (comparing the magnetic north indications on the maps to the models of the historical magnetic declination). The second part of the paper contains a new interpretation of a unique feature of the Gottes gab map – a survey field book in tabular form, previously analyzed by Bílek (1967). Using statistical analysis we propose the most feasible formula for calculation of the survey line coordinates from the data table. The problems in this reconstruction of the mine survey line are explained using newer, 18th century maps of the same mine.
Geoturizmus ako nástroj primárneho vzdelávania
Authors: Kornecká Enikő , Molokáč Mário
Published: July 2022

The basic means of ensuring the principle of sustainability within society is education. Geotourism with its means represents an ideal environment for an effective educational process suitable for the general public. The education process through experience ensures its attractiveness. Experiential education in the field of primary education addresses pupils within their classical educational process and adds added value to this process. The application of outdoor science lessons opens up new possibilities and new ways for both, the student and the teacher. It increases the demand and interest in information and diversifies the learning process by experience. Geoparks currently represent a modern product of geotourism, which offers the satisfaction of several diverse needs in one place - experience, tourism, education, health, ecology, sports, culture, etc. The interplay of all involved components is a prerequisite for the positive impact of the geopark existence. Its educational function is a suitable tool involving the general public in the process of raising general awareness.
Modelovanie vodnej erózie na poľnohospodárskej pôde okresu Banská Bystrica
Authors: Styk Ján , Pálka Boris
Published: July 2022

Relevant information and data on the intensity of water erosion and its area distribution are essential for selecting the most appropriate agricultural land management in an erosion-sensitive landscape. The land users can target appropriate soil protection measures (based on a correct evaluation of the obtained information) to those parts of the territory most significantly affected by erosion-accumulation processes. The USLE erosion prediction model is a suitable tool for evaluating the area from the long-term prediction of water erosion intensity and its area distribution and proposing appropriate anti-erosion measures. Relief, soil erodibility, rainfall erosivity, soil protection effect of vegetation cover, and agro-techniques are the main erosion factors that significantly influence the start and process of erosion-accumulation processes in a given locality. These factors are considered in the model's basic structure. The model has been updated and detailed several times with the aim of a more precise assessment of the territory. An updated digital layer of rainfall erosivity factor (R-factor) generated based on its updated values during its last update was incorporated into its structure. USLE erosion model refinement was achieved based on updating the digital layer of the rainfall erosivity factor (R-factor), which was generated based on its updated values. The results are more informative and precise outputs concerning the intensity of water erosion and its area distribution in specific soil-climatic and geomorphological conditions.
NAKÎBÜLEŞRAF MEHMED FÂİZ EFENDİ NİN TÜRKÇE ŞİİRLERİ: Mİ‘RÂCİYYE, TEBRİKNÂME VE NAZİRELER
Authors: Güler Ömer Said
Published: July 2022

Çoğunluğunu âlim şairlerin oluşturduğu Osmanlı şiir geleneği, bu özelliğini başından sonuna değin önemli temsilciler aracılığıyla sürdürmüştür. Bu geleneğe çeşitli tarz ve türlerde katkıda bulunan şahsiyetlerden biri de 18. yüzyıl İstanbulu’nun seçkin ulema ailelerinden birine mensup olan Mehmed Fâiz Efendi’dir (ö. 1208/1794). İlim, şiir, hüsn-i hat gibi farklı yönleri bulunan Fâiz Efendi; Üsküdar, Edirne, Medine ve İstanbul gibi merkezî kadılıklarda bulunmuş, ömrünün son demlerinde ise kadılık vazifesiyle birlikte nakîbüleşraf olarak da görev almıştır. Özellikle de bu son kademe, onun mevkii ve protokoldeki yerinden başka seyyidliğinin de açık bir göstergesi durumundadır. Şiirlerinde Fâiz mahlasını kullanan şairin Türkçe bir divanı olduğu tezkirelerde bildiriliyorsa da bahsedilen divan bugün elimizde değildir. Bununla birlikte İstanbul Üniversitesi Nadir Eserler Kütüphanesi TY3710 numarada kendisine ait bir şiir mecmuası kayıtlı bulunmaktadır. Fâiz Efendi’nin bizzat kendi yazdığı şiirlerle birlikte birinci sınıf şairlere ait başka manzumeleri de içeren bu mecmua, onun şairliği ve edebî şahsiyeti hakkında bir fikir edinmeye yeterli gelecek tür ve sayıda şiire sahiptir. Mecmua içerisinde Fâiz Efendi’ye ait Türkçe şiirler; 121 beyitlik bir mi‘râciyye, padişah ve sair devlet büyüklerine hitaben cülus, bayram, doğum, tayin gibi çeşitli münasebetlerle yazılmış tebriknâmeler ile Bâkî, Şeyhülislâm Yahyâ, Nef‘î, Koca Râgıb Paşa, Salâhî, Sâlim gibi Osmanlı şiirinin büyük üstadlarına ait gazellere yazdığı nazirelerden oluşmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Fâiz Efendi’nin hâl tercümesi, edebî şahsiyeti ve adı geçen mecmuada yer alan Türkçe şiirlerine yer verilmiştir.
MANZUM METİNLER IŞIĞINDA GALATA, ÜSKÜDAR VE BOĞAZİÇİ SAHİLLERİ-I
Authors: Şentürk Ahmet Atilla
Published: July 2022

Edebî eserler toplum hayatının her yönüne doğrudan veya dolaylı olarak temas ettikleri kadar coğrafya ve mekânları da konu edinmeleri bakımından şehir tarihleri için de önemli birer vesika değerindedirler. Bunlar dikkate alınmadan yazılan tarihler kuru ve ruhsuz kalacağı gibi tarihlere kaynaklık eden resmî kayıtlar ve arşiv belgeleri de toplumun ruh dünyasını sergileme açısından çoğu zaman yetersiz kalırlar. Eski edebiyat eserleri ağırlıklı olarak hayal ürünü ve duygu yüklü metinler olmakla beraber bunların her biri perde gerisinden hayatın gerçek yüzünü, o devir insanının ruh dünyasını bugüne yansıtan, bazen de eşyayı en ince detayına kadar sergileyen belgelerdir. Bunlar sadece tarihçiler için değil sanat tarihçileri için de aydınlatıcı birer vesika değerindedirler. Bir yapının kaybolan kitabesinin orijinal metni bir dîvânın tozlu yaprakları arasından çıkabileceği gibi, bu yazıda örnekleri görüleceği üzere kaybolmuş yapılar hakkında yürütülen hüküm ve tahminler de dîvânlardan sarfınazar edildiğinde bazen çok isabetsiz ve anakronik kalabilmektedir. Evliyâ Çelebi ve Eremya Çelebi’nin izlerini edebî metinler ışığında takip ederek kaleme alınan bu yazı dizisi manzum metinlerin Kâğıthane, Haliç, Galata, Üsküdar ve Boğaziçi coğrafyasına ait bir kesitini oluşturmaktadır. Birinci bölümü Galata ve Üsküdar’dan başlayıp kaba hatlarıyla Boğaz sahili boyunca Anadolu ve Rumeli hisarlarında biten bu makalenin ikinci bölümü Sarıyer’den Tophane’ye kadar sahil şeridi ve ardından da Eyüp, Sütlüce, Kasımpaşa ve Kağıthane sahilleriyle Sâdâbâd’a uzanarak buralarda inşa edilen köşk ve kasırların izlerini sürecektir. Özellikle Beşiktaş ve Tophane’de tarihin acımasız yıkımına uğrayan eserlerin bugüne fotoğrafları dahi kalmamış hatıraları dîvânlarda yaşamaktadır. Bilhassa Ortaköy ve Beşiktaş’taki mimarî eserlerin sadece manzum kitabeleri dahi müstakil bir kitap oluşturacak hacimdedir. Bunlar arasında Tophane’deki Gerdûne-keşân Kışlası gibi dev yapılar dahi bugün artık tamamen unutulmasına rağmen bunların iz ve hatıraları manzum metinlerde yaşamaktadır.
DARPHANE DEFTERLERI IŞIĞINDA OSMANLI PİYASASINDA YABANCI SİKKELER (1766 – 1802)
Authors: Bölükbaşı Ömerül Faruk
Published: July 2022

Yabancı sikkeler Osmanlı ekonomisi ve mali sisteminde çok önemli bir yere sahip olmasının yanı sıra Darbhâne-i Âmire’nin en önemli kıymetli maden kaynaklarından birisiydi. Bu nedenle darphane defterlerine yabancı sikkelerle ilgili çok önemli bilgiler yansımıştı. Söz konusu defterler, para basılırken kullanılan kıymetli madenin ne kadarının yabancı sikkelerden elde edildiği, bunların hangi sikkeler olduğu, nerelerden ve nasıl temin edildiği, Darphane’ye yabancı sikke girişinin artış ve azalış seyri gibi hususlarda dikkat çekici veriler barındırmaktadır. 1766 – 1802 yılları arasına ışık tutan bir grup darphane defterine dayanan bu araştırma, yabancı sikkelerin Osmanlı piyasasındaki ve Darphane’nin para emisyonundaki yerini ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Ulaşılan sonuçlara göre Darphane söz konusu dönemde 3.091 tonun üzerinde gümüşü sikkeye çevirmiş, bunun yaklaşık %30 kadarını yabancı sikkeleri eriterek elde etmiştir. Darphane’ye giren yabancı sikkelerin içinde özellikle üçünün (İspanyol sikkesi riyal, solye ve Avusturya sikkesi maryaş) hususi bir yeri vardı. Bu sikkelerin bir kısmı tüccarlar tarafından Darphane’ye satılmak üzere Osmanlı topraklarına getiriliyordu. Ancak piyasada da bol miktarda tedavül ettiklerini ve kullanıldıklarını gösteren kanıtlar belgelere yansımıştı.
From an Old Problem to a New Solution: Identity and Ideology in The Egg and the Chicken by Clarice Lispector
Authors: Afrasyaw Fatah Arsalan , Aziz Mahmood Karzan
Published: July 2022

This paper analyzes the short story The Egg and the Chicken by Clarice Lispector by examining the issues of identity, ideology and gender. The selected text is one of the outstanding works by this increasingly well-regarded Brazilian author and reappraises the age-old question of which came first: the chicken or the egg. The short story is explicitly concerned with its own dialectical language and the attempt to open up new philosophical perspectives on the long-standing boundaries of this issue through a discussion of the concept of origins and its deconstruction. The formal language employed in the short story seems somewhat contradictory in its effect, primarily due to its syntactic and stylistic simplicity and clarity via short, informative sentences and simple tenses to break down the given mental images. However, the story is notable for obscuring the content, invoking semantic and philosophical engagement by utilizing paradoxical and dialectical expressions. The chicken-egg paradox is both a quotidian metaphor and a multi-dimensional problem that exists on numerous levels. This paper, therefore, examines the language of the short story and seeks to find the answer/s to the dilemma. Unlike the general conception of the problem as an eternal issue or chicken-precedence, this research concludes that Lispector’s work re-addresses and problematizes this age-old question by unfolding several other potential problems or challenges within the paradox by placing a particular focus on the aspects of identity, ideology and gender
Verbalization of the Complex Concept Word/Language/Speech from Dual Linguistics Perspective
Authors: Tyshchenko Oleh , Smaglii Valeriia , Yukhymets Svitlana
Published: July 2022

The verbalization of the concept WORD / LANGUAGE / SPEECH is a complex phenomenon is viewed from the point of view of a new humanitarian branch – dual linguistics, a combination of scientific and naive interpretation of language in the contemporary English lexicography. Language means verbalizing and explaining such interrelated notions as language, word, and speech, constitutes a mosaic-like unity of nominative units fixed in current lexicographic resources. It is proved that the interpretation of this particular phenomenon in the conceptual and linguistic pictures of the world of an average speaker and professional linguist is radically different. The dual linguistics perspective makes it possible to distinguish the two nominative fields of the studied concept: one for the naive and the other for the scientific pictures of the world. Factual data of the study that has been analyzed were drawn, respectively, on the one hand, from general (explanatory) and, on the other hand, special (linguistic) dictionaries of the English language. The primary task of this research is to describe the nuclear zone of the nominative field of the concept WORD/ LANGUAGE / SPEECH, which presupposes the naïve and scientific understanding of language through the prism of English lexicography.
ACTIVITY PETRO BUBELA’S AT THE FINAL STAGE OF THE STRUGGLE FOR UKRAINIAN STATEHOOD
Authors: Prokip Andrii , Михальський Юрій , Kendus Oleksandra , Klok Vasyl
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this article is to reveal the activity of one of the leading Galician military figures, lawyer by education Petro Bubela (1889 – 1934?) at the final stage of his life. His work in the leading position of the Deputy State Secretary for Military Affairs of the Western Region of the Ukrainian People’s Republic (ZOUNR), participation in the development of the armed forces − the Galician Army (GA), which was forced to resist the Polish armed aggression, is shown. The events of 1919 on the Polish-Ukrainian front are briefly analyzed – the Polish offensives and Ukrainian counteroffensives from January to March 1919, and a radical change in the situation on the front after the arrival of the well-trained and armed by the Entente Polish army under the command of General Józef Haller in Galicia. After retreating beyond the Zbruch River, the Galician soldiers found themselves in the territory controlled by the Army of the Ukrainian People’s Republic. The functions of the “temporary capital” were then performed by Vinnytsia, whose military commandant was P. Bubela. In “big” Ukraine, Galicians had to resist the Russian (“white” and “red”) occupants. P. Bubela’s participation in the complex negotiation missions with the representatives of A. Denikin’s “white” army (M. Bredov, M. Schilling) is covered. The study, based on the archival materials and memoirs, attempts to reproduce the course of events related to the “Odesa” period of P. Bubela’s life and activity. Having left Vinnytsia as a result of the Bolshevik offensive, he found himself in Odesa. After its capture by the “Reds”, he was forced to adapt to the difficult conditions of Soviet reality. In the early 1920s, P. Bubela was arrested by the Bolsheviks and taken to Kharkiv. After his release, he returned to Odesa and worked as a clerk in the Red Cross. During the Stalinist repressions of the 1930s, he was arrested again on March 23, 1931, and sentenced to three years in prison camps. The tragic fate of P. Bubela’s family, whose members were also persecuted after the Soviet occupation of Galicia in 1939, is also briefly revealed. The struggle of Galicians for Ukrainian statehood in the early 20th century convincingly proves that Ukrainian people, like other European nations, are quite capable of state life. During this period, thousands of selfless fighters for the freedom of Ukraine reached national maturity. P. Bubela took an honorable place on this list. Ukrainian historians still owe a great deal to the creators and defenders of Ukrainian statehood in the early 20th century, to the generation of Galicians who had to live during the years of high national upsurge. Therefore, the activity and life of such prominent figures as P. Bubela requires further study and thorough research.
ABOLITION OF THE JESUIT ORDER (THE SOCIETY OF JESUS) AND ITS CONSEQUENCES FOR THE UZHHOROD JESUIT COLLEGIUM
Authors: Ferkov Oksana
Published: July 2022

The Jesuit Order is one of the most high-powered religious orders in early modern history. From the Order's foundation until its liquidation, the whole of Europe had a network of monasteries, collegiums, and universities. The liquidation of the Order arose the questions of spiritual and educational succession and the fate of movable and immovable property of the Society of Jesus. The abolition of the Order had significant consequences both for the whole organization and for individual components, namely educational institutions (collegiums, universities), for all Order members from the head (general) to the paters, fathers in individual missions. The author considers the reasons for the liquidation of the Society of Jesus. The author also tries to find out how it affected the situation of the Uzhhorod Jesuit Collegium, what happened with the Order's property, and what was the fate of the paters and masters who were providing the functioning of the institution in Uzhhorod. Based on available sources, the author states that after the announcement of the dismissal of the Society of Jesus (1773), the Uzhhorod Collegium continued to work as usual for two years. At first, the property was transferred to the newly created Educational Fund. Later, Empress Maria Theresa donated a part of it to the canonized shortly before (1771) Greek Catholic Eparchy of Mukachevo. The official transfer of the Jesuit buildings, castle, and library funds to the Greek Catholic Eparchy of Mukachevo took place on August 1, 1775. For almost two centuries, from donations or ransoms from local nobles, Uzhhorod Jesuits received land estates, forests, vineyards, meadows, various buildings, mills, etc. After the dissolution of the Order, the majority of lands were given to the educational fund, then sold. Its proceeds were used for the needs of the educational fund.
ORGANIZATIONAL EFFORTS OF CARPATHO-UKRAINIAN STUDENTS DURING 1939 – 1943: CZECHOSLOVAK HERITAGE IN THE TIMES OF THE KINGDOM OF HUNGARY (BASED ON PERIODICALS AND MEMOIRS)
Authors: Kutsov Kostiantyn , Pavlyshyn Liubov
Published: July 2022

Based on the achievements of Ukrainian and foreign historiography, as well as an analysis of a significant database of published sources (periodicals, memoirs, etc.), the article analyzes the attempts of Carpatho-Ukrainian students to organize their public activities in the period after the break-up of Czechoslovakia and integration of the Transcarpathia into the Kingdom of Hungary. The analyzed material makes it possible to assert that the Carpatho-Ukrainian student movement, formed during the Czechoslovak Republic, had an inevitable logical continuation in a new reality. During this period, several Carpatho-Ukrainian student associations operated in the Kingdom of Hungary. In particular, in 1940, the «Центральный Союзъ Русскихъ Студентовъ» (Central Union of Russian Students) was established. Its backbone was formed by activists of Russophile student organizations of the Czechoslovak Republic. Due to its own national and linguistic orientation, its structure was not legalized. Still, it operated de facto for the next few years, uniting small groups of students in Debrecen, Budapest, Pécs, Sopron, and Szeged. In 1941, after a long preparatory process, the "Society of Subcarpathian Rus Higher Education Students" ("Kárpátaljai Ruszin Egyetemi és Főiskolai Hallgatók Egyesülete") was formed in Debrecen. The organization followed the official course of "Ugro-Rusynism" and, for some time, was under the care of the Regent's Commissariat of the Carpathian Territory. Many student activists from the Czechoslovak period were also members of the executive board. At the same time, ideological orientation and loyalty to the Hungarian authorities caused apathy among a large part of the students. As a result, the society failed to expand its activities to other educational centers in the country. At the same time, during this period, there were attempts to involve Carpatho-Ukrainian students in international fellowship organizations (Debrecen Felvidéki Egyetemi és Főiskolai Hallgatók Egyesülete) and to establish informal creative associations ("Budapest club"). At the same time, the government's attempts to interfere in the student movement mainly met with resistance from the activists meanwhile strengthening their (students') opposition.
THE POLISH-UKRAINIAN RECONCILIATION ATTEMPTS ON THE 60TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE VOLHYNIAN MASS MURDERS OF 1943
Authors: Banakh Tetiana
Published: July 2022

The article deals with the Polish-Ukrainian public discussions on the Volhynian mass murders from February to July 2003 and the joint 60th-anniversary commemoration of this massacre, which happened July 11 in Pavlivka village, the Volhynian region in Ukraine. The research is written from the perspective of the conception of reconciliation. The main question is the extent to which this reconciliation was successful. The article is based on Polish and Ukrainian media materials, official statements, letters and appeals of different groups and public figures, and five unpublished interviews conducted by the author in January – June 2019. The methodological research frame is a theory of the politics of memory by Jan Kubik and Michael Bernhardt. The approach is helpful for the classification of mnemonic actors, who participated in the debates, and the research of various memories of Volhynian mass murders. The article stresses the importance of this discussion and the joint commemoration of victims. Leading politicians and intellectuals participated in the debate, especially in Ukraine. The scholars from both sides, who toke the position of mnemonic pluralists, played an important role. They tried to rethink the past of their country and the responsibility in the Polish-Ukrainian conflict. However, this rethinking was difficult for them. Appeals to reconciliation had a spiritual dimension. Therefore the church joined it, although quite carefully. The commemorative action in Pavlivka happened mainly because of state resources. It was inaccessible to a significant part of the Ukrainian public. However, even in this situation, the commemorative action in Pavlivka could contribute to overcoming the conflict of memories if both countries were more pluralistic in the following years.
EDUCATION OF ZHYTOMYR IN THE HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL DIMENSION (FIRST THIRD OF THE 20TH CENTURIES)
Authors: Cherkashyna Olesіa , Mozgalova Natalia , Vovchok Mykhailo
Published: July 2022

This article is the result of trying to reveal some aspects of the activity of vocational schools and art educational institutions in Zhytomyr, Volyn province in the Ukrainian context of the first third of the 20th century. Based on the analysis of archival documents, the authors have found that during this period vocational schools (Industrial, Land Management, Trade and Cooperative, Jewish, Medical School, Handicraft Boarding School, etc.) were found, 4 and 7-year Labour Schools, among which there were Ukrainian, Jewish, Russian, Polish, as well as art institutions. The activity of educational institutions is examined, the peculiarities of their functioning are described, in particular, material and technical condition, national, social and quantitative composition of students, teaching staff, academic disciplines, forms and methods of teaching, etc. It is proved that one of the most required educational institutions of the first third of the 20th century was the vocational school of Land Management, where children of the poor had the opportunity to study. It was established that the funding was provided from the fund of special funds and the local budget, in addition a scholarship was paid from the state and local budgets. It was also established that there were difficult working conditions at the Industrial Vocational School and also at the Handicraft and Industrial Boarding School. In particular, there was a lack of equipment, premises, accessories for laboratories and offices, etc. The authors examined the conditions of activity of the Trade and Cooperative Vocational School, which unlike many educational institutions of Zhytomyr during its short-term existence, had its own premises with furniture, library, equipped offices, hot breakfasts, scholarship fund, etc. An important centre of art education was a music school, a music vocational school, Music College, a ballet studio, a technical school of arts and others. Based on the study of archival records the article covered some aspects of the ballet studio, the music school and the music vocational school, where children from low-income families studied (there were piano, violin, cello, vocal, vocal, wind instruments classes) as well as the College of Arts. The level of training, direction, study conditions in the College of Arts differed significantly from the music vocational school. It was time to train instrumentalists, vocalists and choir directors. It was during this period that artistic and cultural centres were created, which contributed to the development of choral culture, as well as string and brass bands and so on. This was a period of intensification of the Ukrainian national movement, cultural and educational societies and public organizations.