bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Medizinische Versorgung von Menschen mit Beeinträchtigung: Herausforderungen und Bedarfe
Authors: Ottersbach Kristina , Kühnel Larissa , Wattenberg-Karapinar Ivonne , Hornberg Claudia , Lätzsch Rebecca
Published: February 2024

Der Beitrag behandelt die gesundheitliche Versorgung von Menschen mit Beeinträchtigung in Deutschland, insbesondere im stationären Setting. Thematisiert werden Erfahrungen, Herausforderungen und Bedarfe aus Expert*inneninterviews mit Ärzt*innen und Personen aus dem sprachtherapeutischen und sonderpädagogischen Bereich. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass u. a. strukturelle Veränderungen, mehr Zeit für die Behandlung und Schulungen erforderlich sind, um eine bedarfsorientierte Versorgung zu schaffen.
Starter Steps as to the Importance of Keeping an Accurate Training Log
Authors: Kraemer William J. , Nitka Mike
Published: February 2024

Despite advances in strength and conditioning science, a gap exists in the optimal utilization of training logs for athlete monitoring. Accurate logs serve as a critical interface for player development, offering real-time evaluation and enabling long-term data analysis. This article addresses the reluctance among professionals to transition from traditional paper-based methods to digital platforms, citing this as a hindrance to correlating workout data with performance metrics. It emphasizes the individualized nature of training adaptation and the necessity of advanced technologies and software skills for effective program evaluation. The article also details critical variables to be captured in workout logs, both quantitative and qualitative, and underscores their role in decision-making, workout efficacy, and athlete safety. By embracing digital advancements, professionals can elevate the quality of strength and conditioning programs, ensuring they are executed as designed and achieve desired outcomes.
Dispersion and Spatial Distribution of Air Voids or Microspheres in Assessing Frost Resistance of Concrete
Authors: Attiogbe Emmanuel K.
Published: February 2024

The standard spacing factor developed by Powers is typically used to evaluate the quality of the air void system in hardened concrete, but it does not always correlate with durability of the concrete. Several air void spacing equations, which are also applicable when polymeric microspheres are used in place of air entrainment, have been proposed because of the need for a more robust and comprehensive basis to evaluate the quality of the air void system. However, the spacing parameters provided by the various proposed equations, when used as sole measures in predicting the frost resistance of concrete, do not seem to do any better than the standard spacing factor. Dispersion and spatial distribution have been shown to be effective ways of describing air void or microsphere systems in hardened concrete because they have been quantified to establish criteria to assess the frost resistance of concrete. In this paper, dispersion and distribution factors are further elaborated upon to explain how they characterize zones that are protected by air voids or microspheres in the concrete. Criteria to assess the durability of concrete under rapid cycles of freezing and thawing based on the dispersion and distribution factors are linked to the exposure classes defined in the ACI 318 Code and in the recently proposed Unified Durability Guidance in ACI Committee Documents.
Use of KLST-Type Miniature Charpy Specimens for Measuring Dynamic Fracture Toughness under Impact Loading Rates
Authors: Lucon Enrico , Scibetta Marc
Published: February 2024

The knowledge of dynamic mechanical properties is useful in all cases where the strain rate sensitivity of metallic materials is an issue, and whenever the actual loading conditions for a structure (either in normal operation or under accidental circumstances) are different from static. Furthermore, in some investigations, increasing the loading rate in a mechanical test is used to simulate other embrittling mechanisms such as thermal aging or neutron exposure. Precracked Charpy-type (PCVN) specimens, tested under impact loading rates using an instrumented pendulum, have been used for more than 30 years to measure dynamic fracture toughness; the experimental procedure and the analysis methodology are fairly well established, despite the lack of an ASTM or ISO official test standard. This paper addresses the applicability of fatigue precracked miniature Charpy specimens of KLST type (PKLST-B = 3 mm, W = 4 mm and L = 27 mm) for impact toughness measurements in the ductile-to-brittle transition regime and in fully ductile (upper shelf) conditions. In the transition region, tests have been analyzed using the Master Curve approach; the multiple-specimen (low-blow) method has been applied in the upper shelf regime. A well-known and fully characterized reactor pressure vessel steel of the A533B Cl.1 type (JRQ) has been used; the results obtained have been compared with data previously obtained from standard-size precracked Charpy specimens. It has been found that under impact loading conditions PKLST specimens suffer significant loss of constraint when compared to conventional precracked Charpy V-notch samples, in both transition and upper shelf conditions.
TRADUÇÃO AUTOMÁTICA DE LINGUAGEM INFORMAL: UMA ANÁLISE DO IMPACTO DA SELEÇÃO E TRATAMENTO DE DADOS NA EFICÁCIA DE MODELOS DE APRENDIZADO DE MÁQUINA
Authors: Strauss Edilberto , Junior Manoel Villas Bôas , Lemos Alexandre Manuel Oliveira , Da Silva Antônio José Dias , Marques Bernardo Ferreira
Published: February 2024

Com o crescente uso da internet para além dos fins comerciais, o ambiente virtual vem refletindo cada vez mais a comunicação informal e espontânea da vida real. O contexto global, no entanto, apresenta maiores desafios à medida que estamos mais expostos a conteúdos das mais diversas línguas, populares ou não, exigindo o uso de ferramentas de Tradução Automática cada vez mais precisas. Apesar de tantos avanços na área, o treinamento de modelos de Tradução Automática ainda enfrenta dificuldades para lidar com padrões da linguagem informal, como sarcasmo e expressões não literais. O presente trabalho busca analisar a eficácia de modelos de Aprendizado de Máquina de Tradução Automática para tradução de expressões não literais, porém com a estratégia de fornecer dados de treinamento gerados em contextos informais. No entanto, o modelo desenvolvido apresentou limitações, gerando algumas traduções literais indevidas e não distinguindo adequadamente diferentes traduções de palavras. O uso de modelos híbridos que combinam análises sintáticas e semânticas é sugerido para melhorar a compreensão e geração textual.
LINEAR AND NONLINEAR BEHAVIORS OF THE PHOTORECEPTOR COUPLED NETWORK
Authors: Pang Ji-Jie , Jiang Xiaolong , Wu Samuel M.
Published: February 2024

Photoreceptors are electrically coupled to one another, and the spatiotemporal properties of electrical synapses in a two-dimensional retinal network are still not well-studied, because of the limitation of the single electrode or pair recording techniques which do not allowsimultaneouslymeasuring responses of multiple photoreceptors at various locations in the retina. A multiple electrode recording system is needed. In this study we investigate thenetworkproperties of the two-dimensional rod coupled array of the salamander retina (both sexes were used) by using the newly available multiple patch electrode system that allows simultaneous recordings from up to 8 cells, and to determine the electrical connectivity among multiple rods. We found direct evidence that voltage signal spread in the rod-rod coupling network in the absence of Ih(mediated by HCN channels) is passive and follows the linear cable equation. Under physiological conditions, Ihshapes the network signal by progressively shortening the response time-to-peak of distant rods, compensating the time loss of signal traveling from distant rods to bipolar cell somas and facilitating synchronization of rod output signals. Under voltage clamp conditions, current flow within the coupled rods follows Ohm's Law, supporting the idea that nonlinear behaviors of the rod network are dependent on membrane voltage. Rod-rod coupling is largely symmetrical in the 2-D array,and voltage clamp blocking the next neighboring rod largely suppresses rod signal spread into the second neighboring rod, suggesting that indirect coupling pathways play a minor role in rod-rod coupling.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThis study employs the newly available multiple patch electrode technique to study the network properties of photoreceptors by simultaneously recording from multiple neurons. Unraveling how the photoreceptor coupled network shapes spatiotemporal responses, voltage gains and synaptic transfer in outer retina is crucial for our understanding of how the brain senses the visual world. Moreover, the negative peak response velocity of the coupled rod network mediated by HCN channels synchronize rod signals converging to a bipolar cell and improves the temporal resolution of the rod output synapses, a strategy that may be used by other coupled neuronal networks in the brain.
Encoding of predictive associations in human prefrontal and medial temporal neurons during Pavlovian appetitive conditioning
Authors: Aquino Tomas G. , Courellis Hristos , Mamelak Adam N. , Rutishauser Ueli , O’Doherty John P.
Published: February 2024

Pavlovian conditioning is thought to involve the formation of learned associations between stimuli and values, and between stimuli and specific features of outcomes. Here we leveraged human single neuron recordings in ventromedial prefrontal, dorsomedial frontal, hippocampus and amygdala while patients of both sexes performed an appetitive Pavlovian conditioning task probing both stimulus-value and stimulus-stimulus associations. Ventromedial prefrontal cortex encoded predictive value along with the amygdala, but also encoded predictions about the identity of stimuli that would subsequently be presented, suggesting a role for neurons in this region in encoding predictive information beyond value. Unsigned error signals were found in dorsomedial frontal areas and hippocampus, potentially supporting learning of non-value related outcome features. Our findings implicate distinct human prefrontal and medial temporal neuronal populations in mediating predictive associations which could partially support model-based mechanisms during Pavlovian conditioning.

Significance statementIn this study, epilepsy patients implanted intracranially with depth microelectrodes performed a Pavlovian conditioning task. We measured single neuron activity in ventromedial prefrontal cor­tex (vmPFC), amygdala, and hippocampus, and found a representation of predictive identity coding and Pavlovian expected reward values. Additionally, unsigned error signals were found in dorsomedial frontal areas as well as hippocampus. This study thus provides a rare glimpse into the role of frontal human neurons in predictive associative learning of values and stimulus identities.
El giro local en los estudios de paz: apropiación local y sus alternativas
Authors: Vitón Gonzalo
Published: February 2024

Este artículo tiene como objetivo realizar una aproximación a los debates sobre el “giro local” en los estudios de paz desde los estudios críticos para explorar el significado de dichos debates, así como sus posibles alternativas. En estos debates del giro local, el concepto de apropiación local se ha convertido en un elemento central cuando se tratan las cuestiones vinculadas a los procesos de construcción de paz y postconflicto. A través de un análisis cualitativo que parte de la revisión crítica de la literatura existente sobre los debates del giro local, se busca reflexionar desde los estudios críticos de paz sobre el concepto de apropiación local, sus principales potencialidades y desafíos, su vinculación con los estudios de paz, así como algunas de las alternativas a dicho concepto. Para ello, el texto se divide en tres grandes partes. En la primera parte, se resume el surgimiento de los debates sobre el giro local en la década de los noventa y el porqué de dicho surgimiento. En la segunda parte, se vinculan los debates del giro local con los estudios de paz, uno de los campos donde más se han desarrollado, tanto a nivel teórico como a nivel práctico. Finalmente, en la tercera parte, se abordan las perspectivas críticas sobre el giro local. Esta tercera parte se divide, a su vez, en cuatro apartados: uno primero donde se analiza el significado de la apropiación local en construcción de paz, un segundo donde se abordan los protagonistas de la apropiación local, un tercero sobre la operacionalización del concepto de apropiación local sobre el terreno y, finalmente, un cuarto punto que explora dos alternativas a la aproximación de los procesos de apropiación local en construcción de paz: la construcción de capacidades locales y los procesos de subjetivación y reconstrucción de las sociedades intervenidas. Se concluye, por tanto, que es necesario seguir reflexionando sobre los debates del giro local pues las alternativas descritas a dicho concepto dan respuesta a muchos de los desafíos que se han planteado desde los estudios críticos de construcción de paz en relación con los propios límites del concepto.
Conformability of Wet Pulp Fibres at Small Length Scales
Authors:   McGill University, Nilsson Boel ,   Mid-Sweden University, Wågberg Lars ,   Mid-Sweden University, Gray Derek ,   Paprican; McGill University
Published: February 2024

The conformability of wet pulp fibres has long been recognized as a key factor in the papermaking process. In order for fibres to bond in the sheet, their surfaces must be brought into contact. The conformability of wet pulp fibre surfaces at extremely low forces (nN) and displacements (nm) was investigated by micro-indentation measurements with a standard AFM tip and cantilever. Force-distance curves were measured as the tip impacted wet sulphate softwood fibre surfaces. The surface stiffness showed a large variability, even at different locations on the same fibre surface. Rough estimates of the local apparent elastic modulus of the wet fibres gave low values in the 0.01 GPa range.
Coherent Structures of Suspension Flow and their Inheritance in Paper
Authors:   Metso Paper Inc., P.O. Box 587, FIN-40101 Jyväskylä, Finland, Jetsu Petri , Kellomäki Markku ,   VTT Energy, Technical Research Centre of Finland, P.O. Box 1603, FIN-40101 Jyväskylä, Finland, Karema Hannu ,   VTT Energy, Technical Research Centre of Finland, P.O. Box 1603, FIN-40101 Jyväskylä, Finland, Salmela Juha ,   VTT Energy, Technical Research Centre of Finland, P.O. Box 1603, FIN-40101 Jyväskylä, Finland, Lappalainen Timo ,   VTT Energy, Technical Research Centre of Finland, P.O. Box 1603, FIN-40101 Jyväskylä, Finland, Piirto Mika ,   Tampere University of Technology, Energy and Process Engineering, P.O. Box 589, FIN-33101 Tampere, Finland
Published: February 2024

Normally, the main purpose of vanes installed in the slice chamber of a hydraulic headbox is to control the tensile strength ratio by affecting the mean fiber orientation of the suspension. The use of vanes inherently leads to the formation of peculiar vortex structures, referred to here as coherent flow structures (CS), in the downstream flow. These CS are believed to produce non-homogeneity in paper. Although the CS are geometrically three dimensional, their machine direction (MD) and cross direction (CD) components are dominant, cf. Kármán vortex street, and have distinctive characters of their own. The CD component of the vortex maintains its coherent nature better than the MD component and, therefore, its appearance in a form of MD spatial scale is used to express the inheritance of the flow structures in the paper. By using bluff vanes of different thicknesses, it is shown that the CD component of the vortex street maintains its characteristic appearance from the slice chamber to the slice jet. This made it possible to study the inheritance of flow structures in paper with more realistic vanes. By marking particular parts of the flow in the slice chamber with dye streamers the CS were also made visible in the paper. An analysis of these samples reveals that the average scale of ink spots is related to the MD spatial scale of flow structures. Finally, a correlation between the CS of flow and the structural cockling tendency was found. Thus, important complementary information has been created to serve the goal of finding a general linkage between structures in flow and paper. The knowledge of this link would not only allow research and analysis of wet end operations without actually producing paper, but would also provide a means of evaluating wet end conditions in a mill environment by paper analysis.
Isolation and characterisation of melanin pigment from mycelial cultures of Xylaria polymorpha (Ascomycota)
Authors:   M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 2 Tereshchenkivska Str., Kyiv 01601, Ukraine, Atamanchuk A.R.. , Bisko N.A. ,   M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 2 Tereshchenkivska Str., Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
Published: February 2024

Melanin is a heterogenic polymer of phenolic or indolic nature, possessing a broad spectrum of biological activities including radio- and photoprotective, antioxidant, chemoprotective, antiviral, antimicrobial, cytotoxic and immunostimulating activity. Based on these characteristics, natural melanin holds significant potential for applications in the fields of biomedicine, nanotechnology and materials science. Along with that, the exploration of organisms producing natural melanin remains relevant and filamentous fungi with their exceptional metabolic versatility are promising sources of these pigments. Wood-inhabiting fungi in particular are known to produce specific types of melanin as secondary metabolites. This study aimed to quantify and characterise melanin in the mycelium of various strains of Xylaria polymorpha, a common representative of wood-inhabiting fungi. As a result, among the ten studied strains of X. polymorpha, the highest melanin synthesis productivity was observed in the strain IBK 2737, reaching 180.32 ± 4.16 mg/l, while the lowest was recorded in the strain IBK 2723 at 5.17 ± 0.36 mg/l. This investigation highlights that X. polymorpha strains from the IBK Culture Collection show promise as a valuable source of natural melanin.
Development of Si Yokca Application-Based Services at Grhatama Pustaka Yogyakarta
Authors: Susilawati Ida , Laugu Nurdin
Published: February 2024

The development of online application-based library services has experienced significant growth in recent years. The evolving digital era has opened up opportunities for libraries to utilize modern technology to improve user services. The use of online applications is a significant aspect of this development, allowing users to access the library catalog, borrow and return books online, and access electronic resources quickly and efficiently. With this ease of access, users have a more significant opportunity to explore the library collection and utilize the available resources. This research discusses the development of online application-based services at Grhatama Pustaka Yogyakarta. The method used is qualitative, with observation and interview data collection techniques. This research uses the concept of the nature of services related to all forms of information needed by library users and the means of searching for information available in the library. The results showed that the management of the Si Yokca application as a whole has experienced rapid development, which provides efficient access to users. The application provides various features and services that can assist users in retrieving information independently. The latest innovation from the application is the availability of the Delivery Order service, which allows users to borrow collections without having to come directly to the library. This research contributes to the understanding of the development of online application-based library services, the efficiency of user access, and innovations such as Delivery Order services for borrowing collections
The Effect of Instagram Information Quality of BAZNAS RI Institution (@baznasindonesia) on the Practice of Zakat, Infaq, Sadaqah (ZIS) Followers
Authors: Amrullah Gilang Musfi , Nuryudi Nuryudi
Published: February 2024

The Instagram account @baznasindonesia is the main source for the public in finding information and references regarding activities related to zakat. The purpose of this study was to measure how well followers evaluate the quality of information on Instagram @baznasindonesia, to measure how much Zakat, Infak, Sedekah (ZIS) practices are practiced by followers on the Instagram @baznasindonesia account, and to measure how much influence the quality of information has on the practice of Zakat, Infak, Sedekah (ZIS) instagram followers @baznasindonesia. The research method in this study is quantitative with simple linear regression as the data analysis technique. The sample used was 100 respondents taken from followers of the @baznasindonesia Instagram account with a questionnaire. The results showed that the quality of information was considered very good with a total mean of 3.40 in the scale range of 3.25 – 4.00 (Very High) and the practice of Zakat, Infaq, Sedekah (ZIS) had a total mean of 2.93 in the scale range of 2. .50 – 3.24 (High). Furthermore, the quality of information has a fairly strong correlation with the practice of ZIS, which is equal to 0.483 which is in the range > 0.25 – 5 (quite strong), and the amount of influence given by the quality of information on the practice of Zakat, Infaq, Sedekah (ZIS) is 0.233 or 23 ,3 %. Based on the results of the study, instagram @baznasindonesia managers from BAZNAS RI need to add more comprehensive information, such as integrating information owned by BAZNAS RI on Instagram @baznasindonesia .
Using a Systems Thinking Approach to Increase Coastal Community Resilience against Environmental Shocks: A Case Study of Valiathura Coastal Area, India
Authors: Matovu Baker , Alkoyak-Yildiz Meltem , Lukambagire Isaac , Etta Linda A. , Bbira Yasin , Nuwategeka Expedito
Published: February 2024

Aim of the study

Globally, the increasing environmental shocks in coastal zones of tropical regions are crippling human-ecological systems’ interactions that promote sustainable development. The uni-dimensional nature of environmental shocks is increasing the environmental vulnerabilities of coastal people who heavily depend on marine and environmental resources. Current policies on resilience are mainly linear thus negating coastal communities’ ability to develop synergies for adaptation and mitigation.

Material and methods

We used the Iceberg model of systems thinking to identify local system dynamics in relation to vulnerability to environmental shocks and the 3 Horizons framework to qualitatively identify the preferred options that can lead to a preferred future involving avenues for increasing women’s resilience to environmental shocks in coastal areas, using Valiathura in Kerala as a case study.

Results and conclusions

We developed a novel Three Horizon (3H) framework that links current system indicators in Valiathura, which could be used to understand environmental shocks and how to navigate through such shocks. Based on the developed framework, we identified possible pathways in Valiathura that can be used by coastal people and regions in other jurisdictions to promote sustainable change from Horizon 1, and 2 to Horizon 3 such as increasing women’s knowledge of environmental shocks and leveraging the historical strategies used by coastal women to increase resilience against environmental shocks. Therefore, to develop sustainable actions in coastal zones affected by environmental shocks, a focus on understanding the dynamics of the system is key to understanding system interactions and feedback that can inform actions, which promote transformative change, for instance, related to adaptation and mitigation.
Characteristics of Primary Morbidity in the Population of the Far Eastern Federal District (Retrospective Analysis)
Authors: Shumatov Valentin B. , Trankovskaya Lidia V. , Gritsina Olga P. , Yatsenko Anna K.
Published: February 2024

Background. The peculiarities of the economic and geographical position of the Far Eastern Federal District determine climatic, socio-biological and medical and organizational characteristics that affect the leading criteria for population health. A relevant and priority direction for the development of the macro-region is the study of the main indicators of population health, reflecting the organizational and economic potential of the region, as well as the preservation and promotion of public health based on the formation of a healthy lifestyle and increasing the availability and quality of medical care. Aims — study and analyse the primary morbidity of the adult population in the Far Eastern Federal District. Methods. A retrospective analytical study was carried out. An analysis of the dynamics of primary morbidity by rate of increase (decrease) and a comparative analysis of average annual primary morbidity, including major classes of diseases diagnosed for the first time in life, in the adult population in the macro-region as a whole and in its 11 constituent entities is given. I–IV, VI–XIV, XVII, XIX classes of diseases were taken into account according to the International Classification of Diseases of the 10th revision. Results. The Far Eastern Federal District ranked 5th in descending order by primary morbidity among other Russian macroregions throughout the study period. There was variability in the primary morbidity ranking among the constituent entities of the district. The dynamics of primary morbidity showed a moderate upward trend in 2017, followed by two years of stable trend, and in 2020 there was a moderate downward trend. The prevalence of disease in patients diagnosed for the first time in the population of the other federal districts of the country was characterised by individual variability. At the same time, in most macro-regions a moderate to pronounced decrease in primary morbidity was found in 2020 (rate of increase (decrease) morbidity: from –2.3 to –7.2%), except for the Central Federal District (rate of increase (decrease) morbidity: –0.1%) and the Urals Federal District (rate of increase (decrease) morbidity: –0.2%), where this indicator remained stable. Conclusions. In the Far Eastern Federal District, characteristic variability in the level, dynamics and structure of primary morbidity among the population has been identified. A general pattern with all-Russian indicators was revealed, consisting in a decrease in incidence in most classes of diseases in 2020, except for X Respiratory disease, in which stability remained. The revealed features of the rank distribution of primary morbidity by classes of diseases in the subjects of the district will make it possible to be based on the principle of targeted distribution of funds when planning the volume of medical care to the population.
Influence of Migration on the Situation with Syphilis in the Russian Federation
Authors: Rakhmatulina Margarita R. , Novoselova Elena Yu. , Melekhina Lidia E. , Kubanov Alexey A.
Published: February 2024

Syphilis is a socially significant disease, and the relevance of monitoring its incidence rates remains constant. The spread and level of syphilis morbidity in the Russian Federation is strongly influenced by migration processes. Over the last 7 years the migration flow in the country has increased by 17.5% and the number of migrant workers, them has increased 3 times. It is contingent of people, that being a “vulnerable group”, and most off all exposed to risky sexual behavior and STI infection. In 2021 and 2022 there was a significant increase in the incidence of syphilis in the Russian Federation, compared to 2020 — by 69.7%. The increase in the incidence of syphilis is largely due to the growth of this indicator among foreign citizens (from 2801 cases in 2020 to 12 748 cases in 2022). The proportion of registered cases of syphilis among foreign citizens in 2022 was 45.9% of all detected cases, while 80% of syphilis patients were citizens of one of 3 countries — Kyrgyz Republic (30%), Republic of Uzbekistan (27%), Republic of Tajikistan (23%). In the structure of clinical forms of syphilis detected in foreign citizens 98% are hidden and unspecified forms of the disease, only 13% of migrants with syphilis were treated and 87% have no information about the fact of treatment. Thus, latent forms of the disease and low percentage of treated foreign citizens with diagnosed syphilis have a negative impact on the epidemiological situation of syphilis incidence. These facts testify to the formation of risks of epidemiological danger of syphilis among foreigners entering the territory of the country, which poses a direct threat to biological security of the Russian Federation and requires the development of a set of measures to prevent the spread of the disease.
Analysis of the Risk of COVID-19 in the Post-Vaccination Period Based on the Results of a Multicenter Study — a Survey of Medical Workers
Authors: Medvedeva Evgeniya A. , Zykov Kirill A. , Marin Herman G. , Ploskireva Antonina A. , Svitich Oksana A. , Kaira Alla N. , Nazarov Dmitry A. , Volynkov Igor O. , Kuzin Alexander A. , Kubyshkin Anatoliy V. , Tutelyan Alexey V. , Beregovykh Valery V. , Chebotareva Tatyana A.
Published: February 2024

Background. One of the vulnerable categories of the population during the COVID-19 pandemic has become employees of medical and educational institutions. Timely and properly organized prevention, based on anti-epidemic measures based on vaccination, is necessary not only to reduce the incidence of the disease, but primarily to reduce the severity in case of its occurrence, reduce the risk of hospitalization. Understanding the effectiveness of preventing SARS-CoV-2 infections among healthcare workers is a critical component of occupational health and safety policy and strategy.
Aim — analysis of the incidence of COVID-19 after vaccination among medical staff and teaching staff of medical higher educational institutions.
Methods. In the period from January to March 2022, a cross-sectional retrospective single-stage online study was conducted (anonymous questionnaires posted on the Anketologist platform). The survey was completed by 6032 respondents (82% efficiency). According to the criteria, 2114 respondents were excluded from the study. The analysis was carried out according to the questionnaires of 3918 respondents, including an assessment of the incidence after vaccination (n = 3668 respondents).
Results. Fell ill after a double vaccination for 5 months — 663 (16.9%). Unvaccinated respondents reported that within 5 months. prior to the survey, 116 (46.4%) had a laboratory-confirmed new coronavirus infection. Lack of vaccination increased the risk of SARS-CoV-2 (OR 1.78 ± 0.14; 95% CI: 1.34–2.36). Efficiency within 5 months post-vaccination period was 55.5% (95% CI: 42.2–57.7%) for Sputnik V; 71.9% (95% CI: 68.1–85.4%) — Sputnik Light. It was found that gender and age were not a risk factor for the onset of the disease in the post-vaccination period. The presence of a history of previous COVID-19 increased the risk of disease in the post-vaccination period in individuals under 35 years of age (OR 2.323 ± 0.102; 95% CI: 1.903–2.836), aged 36–64 years (OR 2.547 ± 0.086; 95% CI: 2.150–3.016), older than 65 years (OR 1.323 ± 0.280; 95% CI: 0.764–2.290). Respondents with a history of a combination of chronic cardiovascular pathology and past COVID-19 had a higher risk of getting sick in the post-vaccination period (OR 1.338 ± 0.160; 95% CI: 0.977–1.832).
Conclusion. According to the questionnaire, an important factor affecting the risk of COVID-19 in the post-vaccination period is the presence of SARS-CoV-2 before vaccination, which can increase the chance of developing the disease in the presence of other risk factors (chronic pathology, age, smoking, alcohol consumption).
Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis: Development Mechanisms and Methods of Molecular Genetic Diagnosis
Authors: Ergeshov Atadzhan E. , Andreevskaya Sofya N. , Smirnova Tatyana G. , Chernousova Larisa N.
Published: February 2024

The widespread occurrence of drug-resistant tuberculosis is an important public health challenge. To better understand this phenomenon, the article summarizes current ideas on the development of mechanisms of Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance to antituberculosis drugs. Special attention is paid to the mechanism of acquired resistance based on mutations in the genes encoding antituberculosis drug targets or enzymes that translate pro-drug into its active form; the effect of these mutations on fitness of the pathogen is in the focus of the article. It emphasizes the leading role of molecular genetic methods for diagnosing M. tuberculosis drug resistance and importance of these methods for preventing the expansion of the pathogen’s resistance range and the spread of resistant clones in the population. A comparison of sequencing and PCR-based methods capacities led to a conclusion that at the current stage of technological development it is reasonable to use each of these approaches for specific purposes: domestic PCR-based tests — for diagnosis, and sequencing — for basic research of M. tuberculosis evolution and epidemiological monitoring. Promising areas of M. tuberculosis resistance research were proposed to develop new approaches for diagnosis and treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis and to provide effective personalized therapy.
Civic education teachers’ role in transformation during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Triyanto - , Haryono Bagus , Handayani Rif'ati Dina
Published: February 2024

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic impacted the educational system. Teachers faced significant challenges adapting to online teaching and digitalisation that happened rapidly during the pandemic. With this research we aimed to analyse teachers’ role in transformation in online teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic. We adopted a qualitative research method where the sample was selected using the purposive sampling technique. Data were collected through interviews, learning documents, and observations. Data were analysed in 6 stages: preparing and organising data, exploring and coding the data, building descriptions and themes, representing findings, interpreting findings, and validating the results obtained. The results revealed that the teachers performed as technologists, designers, and facilitators during the COVID-19 pandemic. These roles demonstrate the complexity of a teacher’s role in online teaching. We provide information on change and teachers’ roles in transformation in response to the pandemic. The results of this study are expected to provide information and contribute to policymakers’ increasing teacher competence for sustainable education development. These results are expected to provide information and contribute to policymakers’ increasing teacher competence as technologists for sustainable education development.
Accounting teachers’ teaching practices associated with learners’ performance in high schools
Authors: Ndlovu Bongani B , Khumalo Nontobeko Prudence , Mokoena Sello
Published: February 2024

Grade 12 learners, in many instances, have early and late classes unlike the rest of the learners in the school. Sometimes their classes run over weekends and during school holidays. The aim of this study was to establish whether there was value in subjecting learners to extra classes over and above their normal class periods. We used the qualitative approach and purposive sampling to select the sample. The teaching of only 1 subject, accounting, was studied and the value of extra classes evaluated. Schools in the KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa, that have consistently produced a 100% pass rate over a period of 3 years were selected to participate in the study. Data were collected using an interview schedule. The analysis of the data confirms that there is value in subjecting learners to more teaching because there is a direct relationship between teaching and learner performance. The worked example effect, as recommended through the cognitive load theory, was found to be dominant among the teaching strategies that accounting teachers used in extra classes.
ANÁLISIS BIBLIOMETRICO DEL USO DE MACHINE LEARNING EN FINANZAS A TRAVÉS DE UN MODELO K-MEANS
Authors: Molina-Muñoz Jesús
Published: February 2024

El uso de técnicas de machine learning en finanzas se ha convertido en un “hot topic” dentro de la literatura financiera. Lo anterior, se explica por los modernos desarrollos computacionales que han permitido la estimación de modelos, anteriormente desafiantes, con niveles satisfactorios de precisión. En consecuencia, se presenta un aumento significativo en la producción académica que hace uso de este tipo de metodologías en finanzas. El presente trabajo busca explorar las tendencias en términos de producción académica, la concentración por países y autores e identificar la estructura temática dentro de esta área a través de metodologías novedosas como K-means.
The crisis of international law?
Authors: Kaniewska Dorota
Published: February 2024

There is no doubt that on 24 February 2022 a certain period of European history came to an end. Currently, just outside the borders of the Republic of Poland, an armed conflict is taking place. Problems associated with conducting hostilities and the huge number of various human tragedies inextricably linked with it provoke reflection and deliberation. The article attempts to answer the question whether it is appropriate to use the term “the crisis of international law” in a situation where one state attacks another. The attempt to answer the question posed in the introduction was made by analyzing the definition of international law and the process of its constitutionalization. Subsequently, the author presents the views of selected philosophers of law. Due to the scope of the subject matter analyzed in this paper, the analysis focuses mainly on the views of J. Austin, G.W.F. Hegel and H. Kelsen. In the conclusion, the author has made an attempt to answer the questions formulated in the introduction.
The Constitutionality of International Treaties in the Hungarian Legal System
Authors: Margittay-Mészáros Árpád
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this study is to provide a historical overview of the relationship between International Law and Hungarian Domestic Law and to present the constitutional regulation. In Hungary, the currently effective regulation follows the same dualist practice with respect to international treaties as it once did during the period of the historical constitution. However, Hungarian Domestic Law inevitably continues to present this day the problems that arise from the lack of regulations in the period following the historical constitution, and then from contradictory regulations. The study covers legal background of both the before and after the regime changes, highlighting some constitutional contradictions, which are also illustrated by some decisions of the Constitutional Court. However, the current law and the Constitutional Court no longer attaches importance to the transformed international treaties, i.e. to the promulgating legislation, but to the full enforcement in the Domestic Law of the existing international treaties.
STUDY OF THE ISSUES OF TRAINING OF PEDAGOGICAL PERSONNEL IN PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCES
Authors:   Kyrgyz National University named after J. Balasagyn, Sulaymanova Rakhat
Published: February 2024

The problem of training of pedagogical personnel is one of the actual problems studied in psychology and pedagogical sciences. Research shows that interest in this issue has been high at all times. The results of the analysis of the issue of teacher training in higher education in the field of psychology and education Sciences have shown a growing interest of researchers in this area to the teaching profession, professional teachers, professional- pedagogical activity in modern society, the mission of higher education institutions in the training of teachers and changes in teacher training in higher education. In accordance with this, the article analyzes studies related to the preparation for the teaching profession in higher education, in the field of psychology and pedagogical sciences .
DEVELOPMENT OF SPEED IN SCHOOL CHILDREN BY MEANS OF KYRGYZ FOLK OUTDOOR GAMES IN PHYSICAL CULTURE LESSONS
Authors:   Kyrgyz State Academy of Physical Culture and Sports, Toksonbaev Ryskeldi , Kaimov Kursanbek ,   Kyrgyz-Uzbek University
Published: February 2024

This article discusses the values of systematic sports, its impact on the health of the younger generation. The role of subjective and objective factors in creating the necessary conditions for the education of a spiritually rich, morally clean and physically healthy young man is revealed. Certain aspects of the development of speed and motor activity in physical education lessons are considered. The authors prove that one of the effective levers for improving the physical and educational activity of students during a physical education lesson and extracurricular sports is the method of competitive play, which uses popular outdoor games and physical exercises. Describes in detail a method that removes the compulsion to learn, makes children happy and gradually ensures the overall development of children without much effort, including the development of physical qualities and the activation of motor activity.
LEXICAL-SEMANTIC FEATURES OF THE DICTIONARY «KITAB AD-DURRA...»
Authors:   R.B. Suleimenov Institute of Oriental Studies, Dyusenov Bagdat
Published: February 2024

The article examines the lexical-semantic features of the Mamluk-Kipchak manuscript «Kitab ad-Durra al-Mudiya fil-lugat it-Turkiya Ala at-Tamam Val-Kamal» - «A Fully completed book of the Treasury of the Turkic languages», which was written in the XIII-XIV centuries in Egypt and Syria. The manuscript consists of 24 fasl-chapters. The volume of vocabulary is 1214 words. Vocabulary is an easily changing part of the language. Hence, by comparing the vocabulary of "Kitab ad-durra..." with data from other Mamluk-Kipchak texts and living Turkic languages, it is possible to identify the ethnolinguistic characteristics and multi-faceted semantic features of this monument. At the same time, by using well-known methods of vocabulary research, the dictionary corpus of the manuscript is classified by lexico-thematic groups, and this vocabulary is compared with the data of the modern Kazakh language.
IMPACT OF FISCAL POLICY ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC
Authors:   ", Alymkulova Nargiza ,   Ala-Too",   International University, Atabaev Nurlan ,   American University of Central Asia
Published: February 2024

Fiscal policy is the use of government spending and taxation to influence the economy. The question of whether fiscal policy stimulates growth has dominated theoretical and empirical debate for a long time. The aim of this paper is not to resolve the raging debate but to add to the fiscal policy-growth literature by examining the case of a small open economy in the case of the Kyrgyz Republic. Hence this study investigates the impact of fiscal policy on economic growth in the country during the period of 1990-2016. We used time series regression analysis to investigate the relationship between various measures of fiscal policy on growth and annual data of 1990-2016 period. Empirical results showed that tax revenues have strong positive effect on economic growth, whilst government expenditures are not significant.
Recovery experience of older adults with COVID-19: A grounded-theory study
Authors: Kim Hee-Sook , Park Jae Wan
Published: February 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to understand the lives of recovered COVID-19 patients from the viewpoints of people over the age of 60. Methods: The participants were 15 recovered patients aged over 60 who had been infected with COVID-19. Data were collected individually through in-depth interviews from September 12, 2022 to February 27, 2023. Contents of the transcribed interviews were analyzed using Corbin and Strauss’s grounded theory approach. Results: Analysis of the psychological recovery experience for older adults with COVID-19-resulted in six themes, 14 sub-themes, and 41 codes. The core category revealed was turning crisis into opportunities throughout making meaning of living in the time of COVID-19. The causal conditions included feeling disrupted due to unknowns during a crisis. The contextual conditions were a lack of support system for COVID-19 groups. The central phenomenon was a life shattered amidst COVID-19-related helplessness. The intervening conditions were rebound for changes for transformation. As a result, the action/interactional strategies were employed to find a breakthrough. In consequence, enhancement of resilience was achieved after overcoming obstacles. Conclusion: The findings provide important recommendations for healthcare professionals regarding older patients who have had COVID-19. We encourage healthcare providers to improve patient care by gaining a deeper understanding of their recovery experiences.
Validity and reliability of Korean version of the nursing staff preparedness for palliative and end-of-life care in long-term care homes: A methodological study
Authors: Chang Soo Jung , Moon Seongmi , Lee Na Kyoung
Published: February 2024

Purpose: Globally, the issue of palliative and end-of-life care (PEOLC) in nursing homes is a common concern, and the need to measure the preparedness of nursing staff for end-of-life care is increasing. This study aimed to verify the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the self-reported scale for the Staff Preparedness for PEOLC in long-term care homes. Methods: A total of 161 staff took part in the study; among them were nine nurses, 19 nursing assistants, 133 care workers at four nursing homes located in Wonju and Suncheon cities, South Korea. The scale was translated according to the guidelines of World Health Organization guidelines and Consensus-Based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments, and its reliability and validity were evaluated through assessing its internal consistency, stability, and construct validity (confirmatory factor analysis, CFA). Results: CFA confirmed that the measurement tool had a good fit (comparative fit index=.96, Turker-Lewis index=.95, root mean-squared error of approximation=.07). The items’ internal consistencies of the items were found to be reliable with Cronbach’s alpha=.94; the Pearson’s correlation coefficient between test and retest of the tool was .86 (p<.001); and the intraclass correlation coefficient value was .91 (95% confidence interval: .85~.96). Conclusion: The Korean version of the Staff Preparedness for PEOLC in long-term care homes was confirmed to be a useful and reliable scale for measuring the preparedness of nursing staff in Korean long-term care facilities in Korea for PEOLC.