bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inter-annual and seasonal trends of vegetation condition in the Upper Blue Nile (Abbay) basin: dual scale time series analysis
Authors: Teferi E. , Uhlenbrook S. , Bewket W.
Published: February 2015

Abstract. A long-term decline in ecosystem functioning and productivity, often called land degradation, is a serious environmental and development challenge to Ethiopia that needs to be understood so as to develop sustainable land use strategies. This study examines inter-annual and seasonal trends of vegetation cover in the Upper Blue Nile (UBN) or Abbay basin. Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) based Global Inventory, Monitoring, and Modelling Studies (GIMMS) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was used for course scale long-term vegetation trend analysis. Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) NDVI data (MOD13Q1) was used for finer scale vegetation trend analysis. Harmonic analyses and non-parametric trend tests were applied to both GIMMS NDVI (1981–2006) and MODIS NDVI (2001–2011) data sets. Based on a robust trend estimator (Theil–Sen slope) most part of the UBN (~77%) showed a positive trend in monthly GIMMS NDVI with a mean rate of 0.0015 NDVI units (3.77% yr−1), out of which 41.15% of the basin depicted significant increases (P < 0.05) with a mean rate of 0.0023 NDVI units (5.59% yr−1) during the period. However, the finer scale (250 m) MODIS-based vegetation trend analysis revealed that about 36% of the UBN shows a significantly decreasing trend (P < 0.05) over the period 2001–2011 at an average rate of 0.0768 NDVI yr−1. This indicates that the greening trend of vegetation condition was followed by browning trend since the mid-2000s in the basin, which requires the attention of land users and decision makers. Seasonal trend analysis was found to be very useful in identifying changes in vegetation condition that could be masked if only inter-annual vegetation trend analysis was performed. The finer scale intra-annual trend analysis revealed trends that were more linked to human activities. This study concludes that integrated analysis of course and fine scale, inter-annual and intra-annual trends enables a more robust identification of changes in vegetation condition.
A wind-driven nonseasonal barotropic fluctuation of the Canadian inland seas
Authors: Piecuch C. G. , Ponte R. M.
Published: February 2015

Abstract. A wind-driven, spatially coherent mode of nonseasonal, depth-independent variability in the Canadian inland seas (i.e., the collective of Hudson Bay, James Bay, and Foxe Basin) is identified based on Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) retrievals, a tide-gauge record, and a barotropic model over 2003–2013. This dominant mode of nonseasonal variability is correlated with the North Atlantic Oscillation and is associated with net flows into and out of the Canadian inland seas; the anomalous inflows and outflows, which are reflected in mean sea level and bottom pressure changes, are driven by wind stress anomalies over Hudson Strait, probably related to wind setup, as well as over the northern North Atlantic Ocean, possibly mediated by various wave mechanisms. The mode is also associated with mass redistribution within the Canadian inland seas, reflecting linear response to local wind stress variations under the combined influences of rotation, gravity, and variable bottom topography. Results exemplify the usefulness of GRACE for studying regional ocean circulation and climate.
User requirements for the snow and land ice services – CryoLand
Authors: Malnes E. , Buanes A. , Nagler T. , Bippus G. , Gustafsson D. , Schiller C. , Metsämäki S. , Pulliainen J. , Luojus K. , Larsen H. E. , Solberg R. , Diamandi A. , Wiesmann A.
Published: February 2015

Abstract. CryoLand (2011–2015) is a project carried out within the 7th Framework of the European Commission aimed at developing downstream services for monitoring seasonal snow, glaciers and lake/river ice primarily based on satellite remote sensing. The services target private and public users from a wide variety of application areas, and aim to develop sustainable services after the project is completed. The project has performed a thorough user requirement survey in order to derive targeted requirements for the service and provide recommendation for the design and priorities of the service. In this paper we describe the methods used, the major findings in this user survey, and how we used the results to design and specify the CryoLand snow and land ice service. The user requirement analysis shows that a European operational snow and land ice service is required and that there exists developed cryosphere products that can meet the specific needs. The majority of the users were mainly interested in the snow services, but also the lake/river ice products and the glacier products were desired.
Unilateral Ulceration of the Cornea Secondary to Congenital Trigeminal Nerve Agenesis
Authors: Ohana Mickaël , Lipsker Dan , Chaigne Denys , Speeg-Schatz Claude , Sauer Arnaud
Published: February 2015

Purpose

To report a case of unilateral ulceration of the cornea secondary to congenital trigeminal nerve agenesis.

Methods

Case report.

Results

We report the case of a 7-month-old boy referred to our department for left infectious keratitis. An impassive reaction to eyedrops and bandage contact lenses was noted during the follow-up examinations and corneal sensitivity remained negative. Mouth ulcers and self-injury in the left nostril were detected during these follow-up consultations. These symptoms were secondary to self-mutilation and associated with anesthesia in the distribution of all divisions of the left trigeminal nerve. Congenital trigeminal nerve agenesis was confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging slices at age 2.

Conclusions

Magnetic resonance imaging can confirm congenital nerve agenesis, a cause of childhood neurotrophic keratitis. Radiologic confirmation of agenesis allows elimination of other diagnoses.
Primary Cataract as a Key to Recognition of Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1
Authors: Voermans Nicol C. , Erasmus Corrie E. , Ockeloen Charlotte W. , Van Engelen Baziel G. , Eggink Catharina A.
Published: February 2015

Purpose

Primary cataract is often the initial manifestation of the adult-onset type of myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1), the most common muscular dystrophy in adults. It is caused by a CTG repeat expansion within the DMPK gene, and anticipation may cause earlier onset and more severe symptoms in subsequent generations.

Methods

We report a family with hereditary cataract, which was initially classified as primary hereditary cataract. After presentation of 2 children with motor development delay and behavioral changes, DM1 was diagnosed. Subsequently, various DM1 features were recognized in older family members.

Conclusions

This report aims to increase awareness among ophthalmologists of the high prevalence of DM1 among young primary cataract patients. Ophthalmologists can play a significant role in early diagnosis, since cataract frequently is the first occasion that patients seek medical attention. Early recognition is crucial since it enables adequate cardiac follow-up and allows counseling of couples of childbearing age.
Effect of Pupil Dilation on Biometry Measurements with Partial Coherence Interferometry and Its Effect on IOL Power Formula Calculation
Authors: Rodriguez-Raton Alvaro , Jimenez-Alvarez Marianela , Arteche-Limousin Lucia , Mediavilla-Peña Estibaliz , Larrucea-Martinez Iñaki
Published: February 2015

Purpose

To determine if there are any differences between eye parameters measured by the IOLMaster (Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Jena, Germany) biometer before and after dilating the pupil. The effect of those changes on intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation is also analyzed.

Methods

A prospective observational study was carried out including 107 right eyes of 107 patients with cataract and no other ocular morbidity. An IOLMaster baseline measurement included axial length (AL), mean keratometry (K), and anterior chamber depth (ACD) (corneal epithelium to lens). A second measurement was taken 45 minutes after instillation of topical tropicamide and phenylephrine. Biometric variation was analyzed and prediction for IOL power based on the Haigis and the Sanders/Retzlaff/Kraff Theoretical (SRK/T) formulas was calculated for both measurements.

Results

The ACD increased significantly after dilation (+0.12 ± 0.12 mm; p<0.01). The AL and K variation was not significant: +0.00 ± 0.02 mm (p = 0.62) and +0.01 ± 0.22 D (p = 0.57), respectively. Pupil dilation did not affect IOL power calculation based on SRK/T formula either targeting emmetropia (-0.02 ± 0.26, p = 0.30) or the lowest myopic residual refraction (-0.03 ± 0.34, p = 0.30). However, using the Haigis formula significantly changed calculations for emmetropia (0.07 ± 0.34, p = 0.03) and for the lowest myopic refraction (0.10 ± 0.40, p = 0.01).

Conclusions

Pupil pharmacologic dilation produces a significant increase in ACD when measured by the IOLMaster. This change results in a different IOL power prediction according to the Haigis formula, which calculates the effective lens position taking into account the ACD.
How Can We Prevent Myopia Progression?
Authors: Chassine Thomas , Villain Max , Hamel Christian P. , Daien Vincent
Published: February 2015

Purpose

Myopia has increased worldwide during recent years and is becoming a serious public health problem. In East Asia, the prevalence can reach 80% of the population. The focus for screening and interventions should be on early life during childhood when myopia progression is faster.

Methods

Review and discussion of the recent literature on potential interventions for preventing the development of myopia or slowing its progression.

Results

Increased time spent outdoors is a protective factor for myopia progression. Undercorrection increased myopia progression and optimal correction is mandatory. The use of progressive or bifocal lenses (spectacles or contact lenses) may yield a slowing of myopia by limiting eye accommodation. Rigid gas permeable contact lenses were found to have few effects on myopic eye growth. A marked slowing of myopia was observed with orthokeratology by temporarily changing the curvature radius of the cornea. The largest positive effects for slowing myopia progression were observed with atropine eyedrops with an interesting dose effect. The benefit of surgical scleral reinforcement is reserved for severe and progressive myopia.

Conclusions

In this review, we discuss optical and pharmacologic interventions that can be used in myopia management.
Prostaglandin Analogue–Induced Pigmentation of the Skin of the Nasal Septum and Nasal Alae in a Glaucoma Patient
Authors: Holló Gábor , Kóthy Péter
Published: February 2015

Purpose

To present a case of topical prostaglandin analogue–induced skin pigmentation in a location previously never reported, with a differential diagnostic significance.

Case report

An 83-year-old man successfully treated for primary open-angle glaucoma of both eyes with the bimatoprost/timolol fixed combination for 6 years reported increased pigmentation of the skin of the nasal septum and alae. According to his report, the darkened skin area was not present when he was a young or middle-aged man. The patient had noted periocular pigmentation and deepening of the upper lid sulcus on both sides, which developed during the years of his bimatoprost/timolol treatment. Dermatology consultation excluded any nevus, malignancy, or other pathology as a cause of the pigmentation. The otorhinolaryngology consultation failed to identify any pathologic condition in the nasal cavity, but described mild chronic senile rhinitis.

Conclusions

The acquired pigmentation of the skin of the nasal septum and alae in our patient represents a new form of cutaneous pigmentation induced by topical prostaglandin analogue therapy, which may have differential diagnostic significance in clinical practice. We speculate that the senile rhinitis of the patient increased the exposure of the nasal skin to the prostaglandin analogue solution drained via the nasolacrimal duct, and could therefore play a role in the development of skin pigmentation in this location.
Effect of Steep Meridian Clear Corneal Incisions in Phacoemulsification
Authors: Song Wenjun , Chen Xiaoyong , Wang Wei
Published: February 2015

Purpose

To evaluate the torque and flattening effect of steep meridian clear corneal incisions on cornea in phacoemulsification when posterior cornea surface measurements were considered.

Methods

Thirty-six eyes underwent cataract surgery with steep meridian clear corneal incisions. Before surgery and at 1 month and 3 months after surgery, corneal topography was measured with a rotating Scheimpflug camera. Both preoperative and postoperative corneal astigmatism were calculated in 2 ways: total corneal astigmatism and keratometric astigmatism. Polar analysis was used to evaluate the flattening and torque effect of steep meridian incisions on corneal astigmatism.

Results

Total corneal astigmatism changed significantly after 3 months (p = 0.005) and univariate analysis revealed a significant change 0.25D ± 0.36 D in astigmatic polar value AKP(+45) of total corneal astigmatism (p = 0.047). A decrease in AKP(+0) was observed in both keratometric and total astigmatism at 1 and 3 months, although the decreases were not statistically significant (p = 0.394, p = 0.442, p = 0.602, p = 0.503, respectively).

Conclusions

Steep meridian incision performed on the preoperative steeper meridian of keratometric astigmatism may cause a significant torsional effect on total corneal astigmatism as well as reducing the astigmatism along the meridian.
Delayed Suprachoroidal Hemorrhage following Nd:YAG Laser Goniopuncture: A Case Report
Authors: Rabiolo Alessandro , Bettin Paolo , Fiori Marina , Ciampi Carlo , Di Matteo Federico , Bandello Francesco M.
Published: February 2015

Purpose

To report a delayed suprachoroidal hemorrhage following Nd:YAG laser goniopuncture (LGP) in an eye with a previous deep sclerectomy.

Methods

Case report.

Results

A 75-year-old woman with advanced primary open-angle glaucoma underwent LGP due to unsatisfactory intraocular pressure (IOP) in her left eye, 1 month after undergoing deep sclerectomy in the same eye. Delayed suprachoroidal hemorrhage occurred the day after LGP execution.

Conclusions

Nd:YAG laser goniopuncture is often performed to enhance IOP control following deep sclerectomy. Although LGP is usually effective and safe, severe complications, such as delayed suprachoroidal hemorrhage, may occur after its execution.
Lack of Early Dislocation following Total Hip Arthroplasty with a New Dual Mobility Acetabular Design
Authors: Vigdorchik Jonathan M. , D'Apuzzo Michele R. , Markel David C. , Malkani Arthur L. , Raterman Stephen , Sharpe Kipling P. , Cornell Charles N. , Westrich Geoffrey H.
Published: February 2015

Dual mobility implant designs minimise the risk of dislocation without sacrificing range of motion. Between 1st September 2008 and 31st July 2011, 5 institutions examined early clinical outcomes of a new dual mobility bearing hip system implanted in 485 primary THAs in 452 patients. Patient demographics were 46% female, a mean age of 67 years and a mean BMI of 30. Complications at a minimum of 2 years after surgery included 1 femur fracture, 1 DVT and 4 unrelated deaths. There were no dislocations. For functional outcomes, Harris Hip Scores increased from 41 to 86 (p<0.001), while VAS pain scores decreased from 5.9 to 0.7 (p<0.001). Minimal complications, excellent early clinical outcomes and the absence of early dislocations demonstrate the improved stability of this dual mobility implant system.
Lesion of Gluteal Nerves and Muscles in Total Hip Arthroplasty through 3 Surgical Approaches. An Electromyographically Controlled Study
Authors: Chomiak Jiří , Huráček Jiří , Dvořák Jiří , Dungl Pavel , Kubeš Radovan , Schwarz Ondřej , Munzinger Urs
Published: February 2015

Purpose

Three surgical approaches in total hip arthroplasty (THA) were compared concerning: 1) clinical and radiological results; 2) innervation of the tensor fasciae latae and gluteal muscles; 3) clinical outcome of the nerve lesions; 4) sensitivity of the EMG analysis.

Methods

A total of 70 patients aged 39-79 years were evaluated clinically and electromyographically before and 3-9 months after THA in 2 centres using the anterolateral approach in 22, transgluteal approach in 33 and posterior approach in 15 patients, respectively.

Results

1) Hip flexion, external rotation and Trendelenburg lurch were reduced and the centre of the rotation was higher after the anterolateral approach. 2) The inferior branch of the superior gluteal nerve of the tensor fasciae latae muscle was mostly damaged in the anterolateral approach (73% of lesions), whereas innervations of gluteus medius (9% of lesions) and maximus muscles (no lesion) were preserved. The transgluteal approach most often caused a partially denervated gluteus medius (81.8%) and the tensor fasciae latae (48%) and the gluteus maximus muscle only in 29%, respectively. After the posterior approach, partial denervation in the gluteus medius and maximus muscles were noted in 53.3% and 71.4%, respectively, whereas in the tensor fasciae latae muscle in only 14%. 3) The power of the abductors was not significantly reduced in partially denervated muscles. 4) The EMG examination is not sensitive enough to determine the relevant power of hip abductors.

Conclusions

Despite some disadvantages associated with the anterolateral approach, the transgluteal and posterior approaches are often connected with a partial lesion of the gluteus medius and maximus muscles. In all approaches, clinical sequelae are not significant in primary THA.
Fracture of the C-Stem Cemented Femoral Component in Revision Hip Surgery Using Bone Impaction Grafting Technique: Report of 9 Cases
Authors: Buttaro Martin , Comba Fernando , Zanotti Gerardo , Piccaluga Francisco
Published: February 2015

We present a series of 9 fractures of a C-Stem femoral component (6 long stems and 3 conventional stems) that had been implanted with the use of impaction bone grafting (IBG). The length of the long fractured stems was 240 mm in 4 cases and 200 mm in 2. The patients presented had an average BMI of 26.5 and an average of 2.7 previous hip surgeries (range 2-5 surgeries) before the stem fracture. A total of 5 cases presented with a metal mesh fracture in addition to the fractured stem. Bending of the stems or stem defects was not observed in any case. Typical fracture waves consistent with fatigue failure were clearly visible on all the cut surfaces, starting anterolaterally and propagating to the medial side. Although fatigue fracture of a modern cemented tapered polished femoral stem is a rare event, stress due to the absence of proximal femoral bone support could be sufficient to put this stem at a higher risk for fatigue fracture in non-obese patients.
First Successful Combination of ECMO with Cytokine Removal Therapy in Cardiogenic Septic Shock: A Case Report
Authors: Bruenger Frank , Kizner Lukasz , Weile Jan , Morshuis Michael , Gummert Jan F.
Published: February 2015

Purpose

A new hemoadsorption device intended as adjunctive treatment for patients with elevated cytokine levels in the setting of SIRS and sepsis has shown promising results. We report on the beneficial application of the device in a patient with cardiogenic septic shock receiving combined extracorporeal life support with rECMO, LVAD, and CVVH despite his highly septic condition.

Methods

A 39-year-old patient presented with fulminant ARDS and cardiogenic septic shock. A veno-arterial ECMO was implanted for circulatory support. During the course of illness, the patient developed acute renal failure in addition to his chronic renal insufficiency, making initiation of CVVH necessary. Due to a complete cardiac arrest in both ventricles, a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) in combination with right ECMO (rECMO) was implanted despite manifest septic conditions. In the post-operative course IL-6 levels and vasopressor dosages increased drastically. A CytoSorb hemoadsorption device was therefore installed in the CVVH circuit and 3 sessions were run during the following 4 days.

Results

During CytoSorb treatment, inflammatory markers IL-6, procalcitonin, and C-reactive protein decreased concomitant with significantly reduced vasopressor support. No adverse device-related side effects were documented during or after the treatment sessions.

Conclusions

This is the first clinical case report of a highly septic patient treated with the combined use of LVAD, rECMO, CVVH, and CytoSorb. The combination was practical, technically feasible, and beneficial for the patient. This combination represents a reasonable approach to improve survival in patients with multiple organ dysfunction necessitating several organ supportive techniques.
Preferred Haemodialysis Vascular Access for Diabetic Chronic Kidney Disease Patients: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Coentrão Luís , Van Biesen Wim , Nistor Inout , Tordoir Jan , Gallieni Maurizio , Marti Monros Anna , Bolignano Davide
Published: February 2015

Background

Vascular access problems are one of the main concerns in the diabetic end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) population. However, the optimal strategy for the establishment of vascular access in this population remains to be solved. We performed a systematic review in order to clarify the most advisable approach of vascular access planning in diabetic patients with ESKD.

Methods

MEDLINE, EMBASE and CENTRAL databases were searched for English-language articles without time restriction through focused, high-sensitive search strategies. We included all studies providing outcome data on diabetics starting chronic haemodialysis treatment on the basis of the type of primary placed vascular access.

Results

A total of 13 studies comprising over 2,800 participants with diabetes were reviewed in detail and included in the review. We found that diabetic patients using a dialysis catheter apparently experience a higher risk of death and infection compared with patients who successfully achieved and maintained an arteriovenous fistula as dialysis access. The comparison between the use of a graft or an autogenous fistula as dialysis access generated conflicting results. Primary patency rates appeared to be lower in diabetics versus non-diabetics.

Conclusions

Our study suggests that diabetic ESKD patients with dialysis catheters incur a higher risk of death in comparison to those who achieve an arteriovenous access. It is however unclear whether this is caused by residual selection bias or by a true advantage of native vascular access.
Volume Blood Flow, Static Pressure Ratio and Venous Conductance in Native Arterio-venous Fistulae: Three Surveillance Methods Compared
Authors: King David H. , Paulson William D. , Al-Qaisi Mo , Taylor Michael G. , Panayiotopoulos Yiannis , Abeygunarsekara Sumith , Chan Anthony , Ali Galil , Chemla Eric S.
Published: February 2015

Purpose

Dialysis venous pressure monitoring has been widely recommended as a surveillance method but has not been shown to improve access outcomes in randomised controlled trials. The method has been impaired by the need to either turn off the blood pump or to derive the static venous pressure from the venous pressure measured with the dialysis pump running. We have developed a unique algorithm which converts Doppler-shifted spectral information derived from unsealed pulsatile blood flow waveforms into an estimate of mean blood pressure (MBP) at the point of ultrasound insonation.

Methods

We have devised the unique expression shown here: MBP = MAP/(1 + Pff/Vff) where MAP is the mean arterial pressure, Pff = (systolic – diastolic)/MAP measured on the contralateral arm and Vff = spectral maximum – minimum/mean. Venous conductance (VC) can be measured by combining this pressure data with Duplex ultrasound blood flow data. A new device BlueDop™ has been used to illustrate the potential clinical value of non-invasive static pressure ratio (SPRn) in a monitoring role. Duplex and BlueDop™ technology were tested in an arterio-venous fistula (AVF) study in which VC, Q and SPRn were compared. Thresholds used for detection of ≥60% venous stenosis were VC <10 mL min−1 mm Hg−1, Q <500 mL min−1, SPRn >0.56.

Results

The following accuracy was achieved: VC = 96%, Q = 92%, SPRn = 76% with similar accuracy in predicting premature thrombosis.

Conclusions

A new algorithm has been described and its in vivo accuracy in estimating mean ‘pressure from flow’ has been confirmed. Two new variables and a new dedicated instrument BlueDop™ have been demonstrated in clinical use.
Complications of Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters in Adults with Cystic Fibrosis or Bronchiectasis
Authors: Dupont Christian , Gouya Hervé , Panzo Rozy , Hubert Dominique , Correas Jean-Michel , Agrario Line , Chapron Jeanne , Honoré Isabelle , Kanaan Reem , Legmann Paul , Dusser Daniel , Vignaux Olivier , Burgel Pierre-Régis
Published: February 2015

Background

Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) are increasingly used in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) or with non-CF bronchiectasis, but little data exist on catheter-related complications in this setting.

Methods

Prospective follow-up of consecutive PICCs inserted for intravenous (IV) antibiotics in adults with CF or with non-CF bronchiectasis at Cochin Hospital (Paris, France).

Results

Between March 2009 and December 2011, 182 PICCs were prescribed in 117 adults (67 CF and 50 non-CF patients). Ultrasound-guided placement of catheter was successful in 174/182 (95.6%) procedures; no insertion complication occurred. The mean ± SD catheter dwell time was 15 ± 9 days. No catheter-associated bloodstream infection occurred; main complications were symptomatic upper limb deep vein thrombosis (2%), catheter obstruction (18%) and persistent pain after catheter insertion (18%). Patients' satisfaction was high and PICC could be used to perform antibiotic courses in most patients.

Conclusions

PICCs were generally safe for performing IV antibiotic courses in patients with CF or non-CF bronchiectasis, but prolonged pain and/or catheter obstruction occurred in approximately 20% of cases.
Securement Methods for Peripheral Venous Catheters to Prevent Failure: A Randomised Controlled Pilot Trial
Authors: Marsh Nicole , Webster Joan , Flynn Julie , Mihala Gabor , Hewer Barbara , Fraser John , Rickard Claire M.
Published: February 2015

Purpose

To assess the effectiveness of four securement methods to prevent peripheral intravenous catheter (PIVC) failure.

Methods

A single-centre, four-arm, randomised, controlled, non-blinded, superiority pilot trial was conducted in a tertiary referral hospital in Queensland (Australia), between November 2012 and January 2013. Adult patients, with a PIVC expected to remain in situ for ≥24 hours and admitted to general medical or surgical wards, were randomly allocated to standard polyurethane dressing (control, SPU), tissue adhesive (TA) with an SPU, bordered polyurethane dressing (BPU) or sutureless securement device (SSD) with an SPU, experimental groups. The primary endpoint was PIVC failure, defined as premature device removal before the end of therapy because of pain, blockage, leaking, accidental removal and local or catheter-related bloodstream infection.

Results

PIVCs were used for an average of 2.6 days across all study groups (n = 85). Catheter failure was lowest in the TA group (3/21, 14%) and highest in the control group (8/21, 38%), with BPU and SSD failure at 5/20 (25%) and 5/23 (22%), respectively. The adjusted hazard ratio of catheter failure was lowest in the TA group (0.50, 95% CI: 0.13-1.98), and then the BPU (0.52, 95% CI: 0.15-1.78) and SSD (0.61, 95% CI: 0.20-1.91) groups. No patient was suspected of a local or catheter-related bloodstream infection.

Conclusions

Current SPU dressings alone do not prevent many cases of PIVC failure. TA appears promising as an innovative solution, but may not be suitable for all patients. A larger Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC)-funded trial has commenced.
Safety and Efficacy of Radiofrequency Wire Recanalization of Chronic Central Venous Occlusions
Authors: Sivananthan Gajan , MacArthur Daniel H. , Daly Kevin P. , Allen David W. , Hakham Salar , Halin Neil J.
Published: February 2015

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of using a radiofrequency wire (RF) for central venous occlusion (CVO) recanalization after failure using conventional techniques.

Materials and methods

A retrospective analysis of all central venous recanalization procedures using an RF wire from January 2007 to December 2012 was performed. This comprised 13 consecutive procedures in 12 patients. The electronic medical record and radiologic imaging studies were reviewed to obtain information regarding patient demographics, indication for revascularization, duration of vascular occlusion, procedure outcome, and complications.

Results

Technical success was achieved in nine of 13 (69%) occluded vessels in nine of 12 (75%) patients. Lengths of successfully crossed lesions (mean 29.8 ± 29.3 mm) were significantly less than those of unsuccessfully crossed lesions (mean 90 ± 73.7 mm), p = 0.039. Of the nine patients with technically successful procedures, three died with patent stents of causes unrelated to the procedure, one had a patent stent at 547 days, two had stent patency of 94 days and 345 days, and three were lost to follow-up. One patient (8.3%) experienced a major complication wherein tracheal perforation by the RF wire contributed to the patient's death.

Conclusions

RF recanalization is a viable option in patients with central vein occlusion refractory to traditional procedures. However, it does not guarantee successful revascularization and is not without the potential for harm.
Alternative Venous Outflow by Brachial to Jugular Vein Vascular Access for Hemodialysis in the Exhausted Upper Extremities
Authors: Kim Myoung Jo , Yun Sangchul , Song Dan , Cho Sung Woo , Goo Dong Erk , Kim Yong Jae , Choi Dongho
Published: February 2015

Background

A shunt is usually created from the distal arm (wrist) to the proximal arm (axillary loop) as long as no central stenosis has occurred. Creating vascular access in a patient with central vein stenosis could induce venous hypertension in the upper extremities. In such patients, an ipsilateral internal jugular vein (IJV) as an arteriovenous (AV) outflow vein should be the last option for using a particular arm.

Methods

Thirty-two patients who had AV hemodialysis access via a jugular vein were analyzed retrospectively from 2001 to 2011. All patients had an ipsilateral subclavian or axillary vein stenosis. The preserved IJV and innominate veins were preoperatively confirmed with Doppler echocardiography and contrast venography.

Results

Mean age of the patients was 57.6 ± 12.3 years, and the mean follow-up period was 43.5 ± 27.4 months. Primary patency was 74%, 54%, 32%, 15% and 5% at 6 months, 1, 2, 3 and 4 years, respectively. Secondary patency was 97%, 93%, 93%, 89%, 79% and 72% at 6 months, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 years, respectively. One case of steal syndrome, 2 of seroma, 1 hematoma, 3 swollen arm, 2 infections, 1 pseudoaneurysm, 1 bleeding from puncture site, 8 stenoses and 13 thrombosis cases were noted.

Conclusions

A brachial-jugular AV graft showed satisfactory results in terms of patency and complication rate. The IJV could be a good outflow vein for an AV fistula if the IJV is preserved in patients with chronic renal failure who have subclavian or axillary vein stenosis or occlusion.
Leucismo y Reproducción en el Cormorán Neotropical (Phalacrocorax brasilianus) en el Golfo de Fonseca, Honduras
Authors: Espinal Mario , Mora José Manuel , O'Reilly Carlos , Solís José Mario
Published: February 2015

El cormorán neotropical (Phalacrocorax brasilianus) es un ave acuática de color negro brilloso y de amplia distribución geográfica. A pesar de que las aberraciones de color no son comunes en los animales silvestres, existen variaciones cromáticas que se deben mayoritariamente a las alteraciones genéticas. Aquí reportamos la presencia de un individuo adulto del cormorán neotropical con leucismo total. El individuo lo observamos en un árbol de mangle botón (Conocarpus erectus) el 14 de agosto de 2013 a las 0920h. Este individuo era miembro de una colonia mixta de anidamiento ubicada en un canal de abastecimiento para las lagunas de producción de camarón de la empresa Granjas Marinas San Bernardo, Choluteca, sur de Honduras. El individuo tenía todo su plumaje de color blanco sucio y ausencia total de pigmentación en el pico y las patas y tenía los ojos azul verdoso. El 17 de agosto de 2013 observamos a este mismo individuo en su nido mientras alimentaba a dos polluelos de coloración normal.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/ceiba.v52i2.1756
Manejo y Reproducción de la Lechuza Mantequera (Tyto alba) en el Zoológico Metropolitano Rosy Walther, Honduras
Authors: Aceituno Francisco , Núñez Carmen
Published: February 2015

En esta nota se presenta información relacionada con el manejo en cautiverio de la lechuza mantequera Tyto alba en el Zoológico Metropolitano Rosy Walther, Honduras. El objetivo fue documentar los datos más importantes sobre el comportamiento, alimentación y tamaño de los alojamientos. Además, durante el período comprendido entre diciembre 2013 y febrero 2014 se dio seguimiento al nacimiento de dos polluelos. El tamaño de puesta conocido de la especie en condiciones de cautiverio se redujo a dos huevos y el desarrollo de los pichones se completó hacia la doceava semana cuando desapareció el plumaje juvenil y se alimentaban por ellos mismos.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/ceiba.v52i2.1757
Cambios en la Distribución de las Aves: ¿Qué Puerta Hemos Abierto?; los Casos del Chico Piojo (Campylurhynchus rufinucha) y la Paloma Ala Blanca (Zenaida asiatica) en Costa Rica
Authors: Mora José Manuel , López Lucía Isabel
Published: February 2015

Los principales factores que afectan la biodiversidad son la pérdida de hábitat, la fragmentación, la sobreexplotación de las especies, la contaminación y la introducción de especies exóticas. A estos se ha agregado una amenaza adicional, el cambio climático global (CCG). Además, las sinergias entre dos o más de estos factores afectarán cada vez más a la biodiversidad. Uno de los efectos previstos, que ya está ocurriendo, es el cambio del ámbito de distribución de las especies. Una de las consecuencias de estos cambios es el reacomodo y la reconformación de las comunidades bióticas y los ensambles de especies. Esto traerá consecuencias bióticas varias de las cuales la más grave es la extinción de especies. Varias especies de aves han aumentado su ámbito de distribución, lo cual podría deberse al aumento de la temperatura debido al CCG y a la pérdida y fragmentación del hábitat. En los últimos años se han reportado la ampliación del ámbito de distribución de varias especies de aves en Costa Rica. Aquí reportamos la ampliación de la distribución del chico piojo (Campylurhynchus rufinucha) y la paloma ala blanca (Zenaida asiatica) desde el bosque seco y el occidente del valle central de Costa Rica a tierras altas de este valle. Además, discutimos acerca del ámbito de distribución de otras especies de aves en Costa Rica. También discutimos los posibles factores y las consecuencias de los cambios de la distribución de las especies en relación a la conservación de la biodiversidad.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/ceiba.v52i2.1760
La investigación científica en medicina
Authors: Palou Elsa , Varela Cecilia E , Alger Kackeline , Rodríguez Cristina
Published: February 2015

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/rct.v0i14.1793 Revista Ciencia y Tecnología No. 14, junio 2014: 11-21
Revisión y validación de la evapotranspiración potencial (ETP) media anual y media mensual en Honduras obtenida por métodos ambientales de percepción remota
Authors: Henríquez Dole Lenín , Miner Vega Anahí J
Published: February 2015

La evapotranspiración (ET) es un proceso esencial en el ciclo hidrológico del planeta y es de mucha importancia para el balance hídrico, especialmente en el riego. La evapotranspiración potencial (ETP) es la medida de la máxima de ET posible en condiciones óptimas, su estimación es muy compleja y para ello se han planteado ecuaciones empíricas en diversas partes del mundo. En Honduras se han realizado escasos trabajos de estimación de la ETP utilizando estas metodologías, aplicándose por lo general las que menos datos requieren. Se verificó mediante test estadísticos que, aunque existen mediciones a nivel nacional, la temperatura media no es un dato confiable en la mayoría de las series de las estaciones meteorológicas del país, lo que complica aún más el cálculo de ETP. Recientemente se ha publicado, como alternativa a la estimación empírica de la ETP, el mapa global de evapotranspiración potencial (Global-PET), que se basa en el método de Hargreaves para estimar la ETP, generado por el Consortium for Spatial Information (CGIAR-CSI). Se realizaron análisis estadísticos comparando los datos de la ETP media mensual y anual estimada por el método de Hargreaves con los valores aportados por el Global-PET y se concluye que representa correctamente la variabilidad, excepto en el mes de septiembre. Se encontró también que existe un gradiente (-32 mm por cada 100 m de altura) entre la ETP estimada por este método y las elevaciones mayores a 150 msnm. Los mapas de Global-PET representan una nueva base de datos confiable, revisada y validada a nivel nacional, sin costo alguno y accesible en internet para poder hacer uso de ella con fines no comerciales. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/rct.v0i14.1797 Revista Ciencia y Tecnología No. 14, junio 2014: 77-98
Ecoepidemiología de la Leishmaniasis cutánea no ulcerada en Honduras
Authors: Sosa-Ochoa Wilfredo , Morales Cortedano Xochitl , Argüello Silvia , Zuniga Concepción , Henríquez Jessica , Mejía Rosa , Mejía Angel , Araujo Gabriela , Sandoval Carmen , Quan Doris
Published: February 2015

La leishmaniasis es una enfermedad infecciosa causada por un protozoo del género Leishmania. En Honduras es una importante causa de morbilidad. El propósito del estudio fue caracterizar la eco epidemiología de la leishmaniasis cutánea no ulcerada (LCNU) en Honduras. Se seleccionaron 4 municipios endémicos a LCNU (Amapala, San Francisco de Coray, Reitoca y Alubarén). Para realizar la captura de Lutzomyia se usaron trampas miniatura tipo CDC, los individuos capturados fueron identificados según los criterios de Young & Duncan. Se realizaron búsquedas de pacientes en conjunto con personal de la Secretaría de Salud de Honduras para realizar la caracterización de las especies de Leishmania usando PCR. Se determinó la ingesta alimenticia de las hembras ingurgitadas utilizando la amplificación de ITS de los principales animales domésticos y humanos. Se colectaron 156 muestras de pacientes con sospecha clínica de LCNU 130 (83.33 %), resultaron positivas a Leishmania spp., siendo Leishmania infantum/chagasi la única especie circulante en la zona. Por medio de la utilización de criterios de Young & Duncan, se logró identificar un total de 5,951 Lutzomyia, de la cuales 3,543 (60 %) son machos y 2,404 (40 %) son hembras con o sin ingesta de sangre. De esta población de insectos capturados, se identificaron diez especies de Lutzomyia, siendo Lu. longipalpis, Lu. evansi y Lu. cruciata las de mayor predominio. Los cuatro municipios presentaron una baja diversidad de especies de Lutzomyia (DMg =1.04). Se analizaron 450 hembras ingurgitadas de las especies: Lu. longipalpis, Lu. cruciata, Lu. evansi, Lu. chiapanensis y Lu. sanguinaria. Las principales fuentes alimenticias encontradas fueron: Gallus gallus, Sus scrofa, Canis familiaris. Se encontró una tasa de infección del 0.27 %, encontrándose a Lu. longipalpis infectada con Leishmania infantum/ chagasi. Con este estudio se logró caracterizar la eco epidemiología de la LCNU en Honduras, confirmando a L. chagasi/infantum como el principal agente etiológico y a Lu. longiplapis su principal vector. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/rct.v0i14.1799 Revista Ciencia y Tecnología No. 14, junio 2014: 115-128
Inventario y cartografía de focos de calor de Honduras, periodo 2000- 2011, a partir de imágenes satelitales MODIS
Authors: Escobar Figueroa José Jorge , Castro Lagos Nicolás Bladimir
Published: February 2015

Este estudio aborda el fenómeno natural de los incendios en Honduras, a partir del procesamiento de imágenes satelitales. El procedimiento comprende la obtención de las imágenes satelitales necesarias desde el servidor estándar de la NASA, las cuales se procesan cuidadosamente mediante un sistema de información geográfica, extrayendo la información pertinente para el análisis de periodicidad y la elaboración de la cartografía correspondiente. Entre los resultados se logró obtener una tabla de datos, o inventario, con las cantidades de incendios y su localización en el territorio nacional durante un periodo de más de diez años; también se desarrolló la cartografía que corresponde a este inventario y el comportamiento en la periodicidad del fenómeno correspondiente a cada departamento del país. Entre las conclusiones más significativas está la tendencia en la cantidad anual de los incendios en cada departamento de Honduras, además del periodo natural que presenta este fenómeno. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/rct.v0i14.1800 Revista Ciencia y Tecnología No. 14, junio 2014: 129-145
Sistema de ejercicio físico y sugerencia nutricional para los juegos organizados de los educandos de la UNAH-TEC-Danlí
Authors: Figueroa Soriano Raúl Orlando
Published: February 2015

El presente artículo es el resultado de un estudio experimental (preexperimento, pretest y postest) cuyo objetivo es proponer un sistema de ejercicios físicos y sugerencias de nutrición para mejorar el índice de masa corporal (IMC) y el índice de Ruffier (IR) de forma que se mejore la calidad de vida y se incorpore como eje transversal al programa de la asignatura: Juegos organizados de la UNAH-TECDanlí. La población es de 70 estudiantes, lo que representa el universo de la indagación, y fue seleccionada de forma intencional. Son varios los autores que han hecho estudios sobre la materia, ya que es de gran importancia para la salud de los educandos; en tal sentido, en este estudio se consideraron fundamentos prestigiosos y a partir de esto se seleccionaron los ejercicios y la sugerencia nutricional para la intervención realizada. Los ejercicios contribuyeron en gran medida a mejorar el IMC y el IR, puesto que en el primer índice en estudio de la muestra en experimento se mejoró el 84 %, se mantuvo el 3 % y empeoró el 13 %; en cuanto al segundo índice, con respecto a la muestra en estudio, se mejoró el 95 %, se mantuvo el 4 % y empeoró el 1 %. En consecuencia, se obtuvo un 0.99 del coeficiente de Pearson en la correlación IMC e IR, por lo que la propuesta es de gran ayuda para mejorar la calidad de vida, dado que si se mejora el IMC, también se enriquece el funcionamiento del corazón, lo cual se evidenció a través de las técnicas y métodos de investigación aplicada, correspondientes a los niveles empíricos teóricos y matemáticos. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/rct.v0i14.1801 Revista Ciencia y Tecnología No. 14, junio 2014: 146-160
Effect of Cyclone on the Composition of Rainfall at Karachi City
Authors: Sumayya Saied  , Saiyada Shadiah Masood  , Azhar Siddique  , Haider Abbas Khwaja  , Muhammad Kamran Khan  , Mirza M. Hussain
Published: February 2015

A rapid urbanization results in increased levels of atmospheric pollutants and magnitude of this increase is much higher in the cities of developing world. Speciation of chemicals in rainwater is one way to assess the degree and nature of atmospheric contaminant accumulation and sources of these contaminants. In June 2010 an episode of heavy rain in the megacity of Karachi occurred due to the impact of Cyclone PHET, which was expected to hit Karachi city along the Arabian Sea. Cyclone impacted rainwater samples were collected from all over Karachi city and analyzed by chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques. A wide range of concentrations were observed among different sites i.e. pH (range 6.13 - 7.92, average 7.31), conductivity (range 9µS/cm - 154µS/cm), major anions F- (0 - 9.22µeq/L), Cl- (31.7 - 184.7µeq/L), NO3- (2.2 - 13.7µeq/L), SO42- (9.3 - 614µeq/L) and cations Ca2+ (13.1 - 364.3µeq/L), Mg2+ (5.83 - 72.65µeq/L), Na+ (49.1 - 344.7µeq/L), NH4+ (0.86 - 58.59µeq/L) and K+ (0 - 61.44µeq/L). This wide variation of distribution was attributed to the long range transportation and climatic conditions due to cyclone effect. Industrial area samples showed a dominating character of industrial influence whereas residential areas were influenced more with the coastal impact. Spatial interpolations were used to interpret the chemical data on geographical maps using ArcGIS®.
Effect of Wind Shear Coefficient for the Vertical Extrapolation of Wind Speed Data and its Impact on the Viability of Wind Energy Project
Authors: Saif ur Rehman  , Muhammad Shoaib  , Imran Siddiqui  , Firoz Ahmed  , Muhammad Rashid Tanveer  , Saif Uddin Jilani
Published: February 2015

The importance of characterizing the wind shear at a specified location for the utilization of wind turbine is of vital importance. Such study is considered necessary both for the turbine design and prediction of its power output. In situations where the wind speed at different heights is required if measured values are known at one height then, generally it is extrapolated to the hub height by using the one-seventh power law. The exponent in this case has a value of 1/7 but it is observed that, the value of exponent varies with the type of terrain therefore; the one-seventh power law is not suitable for wind speed extrapolation and energy estimation. It has been found that, the one-seventh power law has a tendency to miscalculate the actual long-term average wind speeds. Hence, for accurate estimation of wind speed at a height, both monthly or seasonal and diurnal values of wind shear coefficient (WSC) have to be used. In this paper, the power law exponent for three sites located over coastal sites in South of Pakistan, i.e., Katibandar, Jati and Gharo, is established using wind speeds measured at heights 10 m and 30 m above the ground (AGL). Wind data is obtained from Pakistan Meteorological | department (PMD). Mean values of WSC were found to be 0.318 at Jati, 0.321 at Gharo and 0.269 at KatiBander. In addition, yearly, monthly and diurnal variation for WSC is also analyzed. The research showed that, the wind shear coefficient significantly fluctuates by seasonal and diurnal changes. Comparisons has been made for discrepancies in energy estimation, payback period and cost of energy (Cents/Kwh) using wind speed values extrapolated from 10 m, for one-seventh power law and overall mean WSC as exponent. The study showed that, if wind speed is extrapolated with WSC of 0.143, the energy is underestimated by 16-33% at Gharo, 12-25% at Katibandar and 28-51% at Jati for all considered hub heights. Error in the Payback period is estimation as 19–34% at Gharo, 16–27% at Katibandar and 31–48% at Jati for all considered hub heights, for 10 m wind data extrapolated with WSC of 0.143. The percentage change in the COE estimation for the two wind shear factors and three sites under study show that, if 10 m wind data extrapolated with WSC 0.143, the COE overestimated is between 19-34% for Gharo, 16-27% for Katibandar and 31- 48% for Jati for all considered hub heights. It is evident from results that, the 1/7 power law, tends to produce misleading results for the feasibility study.
Corruption and Economic Growth: A South Korean Study
Authors: Kim Chong-Uk , Lim Gieyoung
Published: February 2015

Using a vector autoregressive model (VAR) with 42 years of South Korean annual data, we empirically investigate two possible links between corruption and economic growth. Even though we find negative correlations between corruption and other growth variables such as private investment, we do not find any strong empirical evidence supporting negative correlations between corruption and economic growth. Our results are similar to previous empirical findings and seem to be another empirical mismatch between micro and macro level data.