bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Production of Yoghurt Fortified With Many Aqueous Extracts as a New Functional Dairy Product
Authors: Aziz Alneamah Sadiq Jaafir , Al-Jannah Salah Mahdi , Jaafar Aldhalemi Ammar Abdulhasan , Allah Gazal Maryam Mal , Abd Nawras Saad
Published: July 2024

The current study aimed to identify the effect of adding concentrations of aqueous extracts of thyme, broccoli and ginger represented as (T1, T2 and T3) respectively, with two different lactic acid bacteria (LAB) (Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. Bulgaricus) on manufacturing yoghurt and its chemical composition and sensory properties. Results revealed that there were significant differences in the total solid, protein and ash content between T1, T2 and T3 compared with the control treatment. There were no significant variations between the control and T1 in the total solid, protein and ash. The acidity and pH values were not significantly different between the treatments. Additionally, the sensory evaluation results showed that the yoghurt’s sensory qualities (flavor, body and texture, appearance, and overall grade) were impacted by the addition of aqueous extracts of thyme, broccoli, and ginger. Additionally, the sensory results demonstrated that the yoghurt’s flavor, body and texture, appearance, and overall grade all increased as the aqueous extract concentration did. When compared to the control treatment, the extracts of thyme, broccoli, and ginger had no effect on the chemical composition or sensory qualities. It is possible to draw the conclusion that yoghurt, along with medicated yoghurt, is made with thyme, broccoli, and ginger for its accepted sensory qualities and increased health benefits.
Inhibitory Activity of Gaycyrrhiza glabral’s Extract Against Microorganisms and its Use to Prolonging Food Preservation Period
Authors: Talaa Al-Sudani Suhir A. , Al-Hafud Alyaa S. , Kadhim Labib A.
Published: July 2024

The purpose of the current investigation was to determine how ready isolates of bacteria and fungus were affected by the licorice extract (Aqueous extract of Gaycyrrhiza glabral). extending muffin’s shelf life testing the elements (iron, potassium, calcium) (80, 30, 35.0) ppm as well as the moisture, ash, fat, protein, and carbs (0.004, 6.97, 0.86, 5.64, 86.53%) in the roots of the licorice plant. Using the digging diffusion method, the aqueous extract of powdered licorice root was prepared by distilling water, and its activity was evaluated against three types of bacteria: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus Cereus. The findings demonstrated that the extract’s inhibitory action differed significantly (P<0.05) across bacterial and fungal isolates. To evaluate the extract’s in vivo efficacy in muffin production, a 20% concentration of the aqueous extract was chosen. The two muffin treatments in the study were treated with 20% concentration of aqueous extract (A) and compared to the control treatment (B) that did not receive any additions for preservation periods of 1, 4, 8, 15, and 22 days. According to microbial tests done on the muffins, the aqueous extract killed bacteria. Performing a sensory examination of the muffin transactions (A, B), it was found that all sensory features (P < 0.05) were similar, with the exception of flavor and overall receptivity.
Assessment of Two Extraction Methods LLE and QUEChERS to Determine Pesticides Residues in Vegetables by Gas Chromatography
Authors: Kadhum Hanan Abdulsalam , Hammood Mohammad Kadhum , Arif Mokhtar Abdulsattar
Published: July 2024

The extraction of pesticides is a critical and urgent issue in the preparation for and determination of pesticide residues. The lack of a quick, easy, and successful extraction process is the most critical and challenging problem, even if diagnostic tools have improved and pesticide residues have been better understood. This study contrasted the QuEChERS method, which uses gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector, with the LLE method, which uses liquid-liquid extraction, in order to extract pyridaben from cucumbers and spiromesifen from tomatoes. The GC-FID device was employed to ascertain the spiromesifen LOD and LOQ, which were 0.002 μg mL-1 and 0.006 g mL-1, respectively, according to the findings from the QuEChERS technique (95.6% recovery, RSD 0.28%-1.95%) and the LLE method (85.4% recovery, RSD 0.25%-6.9%). When testing the cucumber sample for pyridaben, the LLE method yielded an RSD of 0.12-0.21 percent, while the QuEChERS method yielded 95.22 percent. Pyridaben has limits of detection (LOD) of 0.001 μg mL-1 and quantification (LOQ) of 0.003 μg mL-1. A higher recovery level in both samples suggests that the QuEChERS method may be preferable to the LLE for extracting spiromesifen from tomatoes and pyridaben from cucumbers, according to the data. This was followed by a comparison of the two sets of results using a paired t-test with a 95% confidence level. Thus, the two methods are statistically distinct at the 95% confidence level. Among the most environmentally safe and sustainable solutions in this field, the QuEChERS method stands out for its quick sample preparation, affordability, ease of use, effectiveness, and absence of toxic chemicals and solvents.
Effect of Fish Offal Meals as Animal Protein on Digestibility of Common Carp (cyprinus carpio L.)
Authors: Al-Zahiri Ali Jassim , Al-Dulaimy Hasan Ali , Al-Bassam Nuha Hameed
Published: July 2024

The objective of this research was to find out how digestible six different pelleted fish diets were in terms of dry matter and protein. Using chromium dioxide as an inert bio-marker, the six pre-treatment diets were tested on the performance of common carp fingerlings. Treatment T1 included commercial fishmeal and treatment T2 did not contain fish offal meal supported with commercial protease enzyme. Treatments 3, 4, 5, and 6 all contained fish offal meal supported with protease enzyme in proportions of 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3%, respectively. The experimental diets were designed to have the same amount of calories and protein. Chromium concentrations, proximate components of test diets, and feces were also calculated. T4 had the highest ADC for dry matter (DM) at 86.43%, while T3 had the lowest at 73.35%, according to the results. The ADCs values for crude protein content were also highest in T4 (91.92%), and lowest in T3 (80.20%). According to the research, common carp can maximize their nutritional digestion with the help of used fish offal meal and up to 1.5% protease enzymes in their diet.
Studying the Effect of Some Plant Extracts on Tenderizing Aged Beef Stored by Freezing
Authors: Kazem Faten Jassim , Abdulrahem Batool A. A.
Published: July 2024

The study aimed to demonstrate the effect of different concentrations of aqueous extract of ginger and coriander, 2, 4, and 6%, as well as the treatment of distilled water and the enzyme trypsin on the qualitative properties of aged beef. It was noted in the results of the qualitative chemical examination that the extract of ginger and coriander contained a wide range of active compounds. These are phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, glycosides, and saponins. The results of the statistical analysis of the physical tests showed that the treatments to which plant extracts were added recorded the highest value in the ability to hold water during the storage period, and it was superior to the treatment to which the coriander extract was added at a concentration of 6%. As for the loss during cooking and thawing, it was It decreased by adding plant extracts and continuing the storage period until reaching 30 days of freeze storage, while the volume of liberated extract decreased with increasing concentration and duration of freeze storage for meat slices treated with plant extracts when compared with meat slices treated with trypsin enzyme and distilled water. The results showed a clear improvement in The sensory characteristics of the plant extract treatments, which included color, flavour, freshness, juiciness, and general acceptance compared to the distilled water sample and the trypsin enzyme, as the extracts treated with 6% coriander extract excelled in preserving the sensory characteristics until the end of the 30-day freezer storage period, as they obtained the highest evaluation scores. That is, it can be concluded that the use of plant extracts has improved many qualitative characteristics of aged beef.
Using Selection Index Technique For Improvement of Yield and Its Components in Maize (Zea may L.)
Authors: Mahfoodh Aziz Fatima Talal , Dawod Al-Zubaidy Khalid Mohammed
Published: July 2024

Seven genotypes of maize (Nawroz, Saunto, Jameson, Torro, ZP-Gloria, Nahrain, and DKC6664) were planted on April 1, 2023 in the Jurgan village, Sheikhan District (45 km north of Mosul), at three levels of nano Chelated NPK fertilizer (0, 6 and 12 kg/ha-1), and under sprinkler irrigation conditions, using a randomized complete block design by a split-plot system with three replicates, to evaluate it by constructing selection indices in all possible ways among the traits included in the study (grain yield per plant, number of ears per plant, length and diameter of the ear, number of rows per ear, number of grains per row and ear, and 500 grains weight) and estimating the expected increase in grain yield per plant. The analysis of variance results showed that the mean square of the genotypes was significant for all traits. The selection index that included the traits of grain yield per plant, number of grains per row and ear, and 500 grains weight was characterized by the highest increase in relative efficiency of 20.231% compared to direct selection for grain yield per plant, an indication of the importance of selection by adopting the selection index for several traits. In the current study, this index was considered the best and was adopted in evaluating genotypes. It was found that the highest index mean was 482.624 in the ZP-Gloria genotype, with a significant difference from all other genotypes, followed in importance by DKC6664 and Torro genotypes. The local variety adopted in the study (Nahrain) came in the fourth sequence.
Effect of A Partial Substitution of Soybean Meal with Guar Meal on Blood Biochemistry Characteristics in Broiler Chickens
Authors: Al-Obaidi Bushra M. W. , Hazaa Iman K. K. , Abdualmajeed Othman M. , Mahmood Samia Kh. , Mahmood Elham K. , Alnori Hassan M. , Saeed Osama A.
Published: July 2024

Poultry diets are enhanced with supplementary products aimed at optimizing the feed efficiency by utilizing guar, which is obtained through the mechanical extraction of galactomannan-containing saponins. This study was carried out to estimate the main effects of feeding 10% guar meal (GM) combined with or without antibiotic and anticoccidial supplementation on the blood biochemistry of broilers. The experiment used 150 birds at one-day old for 42 days. The birds were divided into five groups, each including 30 birds with three replicates (10 birds of each). The treatment diets were T1: control, T2: guar meal 10%, T3: salinomycin 500 g.ton−1, T4: salinomycin 500 g.ton−1 and gaur meal 10%, and T5: salinomycin 500 g.ton−1, mycofix 2 kg.ton−1, and gaur meal 10%. The results showed that serum triglycerides, LDL, and VLDL levels were significantly lower in T2, while HDL levels increased in the same treatment. Inclusion of salinomycin and maycofix in the diet significantly elevated serum triglycerides, LDL, VLDL, TG, glucose, and cholesterol concentrations in the serum of broilers. The substitution of 10% GM with soybean meal in the diet of broilers has a positive effect on studied biochemical parameters.
Study of Some Physical and Chemical Tests for Meat Chicken Pieces Immersed in Aqueous Extract of the Gujarat Plant for Ross broilers
Authors: Faris Esraa Qaysar , BahaAldeen Mohammed Sabah , Shanoon Ammar Qathan
Published: July 2024

The study was carried out in a laboratory in the laboratories of the College of Agriculture of Shorao from 15/1/2023 to 1/4/2023 after raising broiler chickens for 42 days, after which 3 chickens were slaughtered for each treatment consisting of 6 treatments, after which the chickens were cut and immersed in the aqueous extract of the gujarat plant. For cuts of meat, they were divided into nine treatments: T1) control, T2, immersing the meat piece in crumbs at a rate of 0.5%, T3 immersing the piece of meat in crumbs, 1%, T4, immersing the piece of meat in galls, 1.5%, T5, immersing it in 2% crumbs, T6, immersing previously treated meat in crumbs, 0.05, and placing it in an extract of 0.05. %, T7 immerse pre-treated meat in 1% curds and put it in 1% extract, T8 pre-treated meat is immersed in 1.5% curds and put it in 1.5% extract, T9 pre-treated meat is immersed in 2% curds and put in 2% extract. Several physical and chemical tests were conducted, including water-holding ability, weight loss during thawing, weight loss during cooking, myoglobin concentration, and moisture percentage. The results showed that there were significant differences at the probability level (P≤0.05) in the two characteristics of water-holding ability. It was in the form of loss during cooking, its percentage decreased in The breast piece did not show significant differences in the thigh and drumstick pieces of meat. As for the loss of thawed weight, it decreased in the ninth treatment for the breast pieces and drumstick meat. As for the thigh meat, the percentage was lower in the ninth and eighth treatments, and the percentage of myoglobin concentration increased in the eighth and ninth treatments of the breast piece, and no differences were shown. It was significant in the thigh and drumstick pieces, while the highest moisture percentage was recorded in the ninth treatment for all meat cuts compared to the rest of the treatments.
Effect of Adding Different Levels of Nano-Zinc Oxide in Tris Diluent on some Traits of Chilled Semen of Bulls from the Artificial Insemination Center in Iraq
Authors: Sultan Hamed Hadi , Al-Dulaimi Makki Khalaf , Fadel Alaa Abbas
Published: July 2024

This study was conducted in the artificial insemination department for the period from September 2023 until December 2023. It aims to demonstrate effect of adding nano-zinc oxide to Tris diluted on some traits of chilled semen of Holstein bulls. Four bulls from Holstein cows were used in this experiment. Semen was collected from the four bulls for each week at the rate of one ejaculate/bull. The experiment was divided into four treatments: the first treatment, T1, control treatment, diluted Tris without adding an antioxidant, (T2) added 50 μg of Zno/ml diluted, (T3) added 100 μg of ZnO/ml diluted. (T4) 250 μg ZnO/ml diluent was added. It became clear from the results of the current study that the addition of 50 μg of Zno/ml diluted Tris led to a highly significant increase (P>0.01) in the percentage of individual sperm motility after cooling compared to the rest of the treatments. The results showed a highly significant increase (P>0.01) in the percentage of live sperm for the treatment. T2) after cooling compared to the rest of the treatments. The results of the current study showed a highly significant increase (P>0.01) for the T2 treatment when adding 50 μg of Zno/ml diluted in the percentage of plasma membrane integrity compared to the rest of the treatments after cooling. The results of the current study showed a highly significant increase (P>0.01) in acrosome integrity after cooling, as the T2 treatment was excelled compared to other treatments. We conclude from this study that adding nano-zinc oxide (ZnO) at a concentration of (50 μg/ml) to Tris diluent led to an improvement in some traits of semen after cooling for Holstein bulls, namely (individual motility, percentage of live sperm, integrity of the plasma membrane, and integrity of the acrosome.
A field Study on the Reality of Fish Farms in Samarra District, Salah Al-Din Governorate
Authors: Al-Samarrai Mohammad Ali , Salim Zainab Riyadh , Nassif Ahmed Shaker
Published: July 2024

A field survey of fish farms was conducted in Samarra district - Salah al-Din governorate, where the largest number of fish farms in Samarra district was targeted, which numbered 40, including the areas of Abbasiya, Mafrq, Al-Jallam and Sakhira, where the total area that was surveyed was about (58 dunums). All fish farms depended at the rate 100% on submersible feed. Common carp is the most cultured in all fish farms compared to grass carp and silver carp. Three methods were used to construct the basins, which are ground, plugged, excavated and plugged, which gave the highest percentages compared to the other two types. Three methods were used to fill the fish basins: diesel pumps, electric pumps the flaw water, and tourism, where diesel was relied upon to fill all the basins of the study areas except for the Mafrq area, where electricity was relied upon to fill the basins. The fish were fed on a manufactured diet in all regions at a rate of 100%. The fertilizers used for fertilizing the basins were chemical, which ranged between 70%-100%, compared to the other two types, animal and mixed. Most workers in this field range from illiterate 15-25%, elementary school 40-63%, intermediate 15-20%, preparatory school 2-10%, institute 5% and college 0%.
The Effect of Using Purslane pills Portulaca oleracea and Its Alcoholic Extract on Broiler Breeders’ Biochemical Characteristics of Seminal Plasma, Antioxidants, and Stress Enzymes
Authors: Latif Osama A. , Shanoon Ammar Q. , Dhiab Ammar T.
Published: July 2024

This study was conducted at the College of Agriculture/University of Diyala in the Department of Animal Production fields to determine the effect of Purslane powder and its alcoholic extract on the semen characteristics of male Ross 308 broiler broilers. Thirty-two 54-week-old roosters were randomly divided into eight treatments, four roosters for each treatment. The roosters of the first treatment (negative control group) were fed a standard ration without any addition, the second treatment (positive control group) added 0.250 gm vitamin E/kg feed, the third treatment added 5 gm Purslane grain powder/kg feed, the fourth treatment added 7.5 gm Purslane pill powder/kg feed, the fifth treatment, adding 10 g of Purslane grain powder/kg of feed, the sixth treatment, adding 5 ml of Purslane grain alcoholic extract/liter of drinking water, the seventh treatment, adding 7.5 ml of berberine grains alcoholic extract/liter of drinking water, the eighth treatment, adding 10 ml of Purslane grains alcoholic extract/ A liter of drinking water. The results showed that adding Purslane grain powder and its alcoholic extract to roosters’ rations or drinking water led to a significant decrease of 0.05 p in the concentration of total protein and cholesterol in all treatments of the study compared to the control treatments and a significant increase of 0.05 p in the concentration of glucose in all treatments of the study compared to the control treatments. During the 10-week study period. The results indicated a significant improvement of ≥0.05 p in the case of antioxidants, represented by a significant increase of ≥0.05 p in the concentration of the glutathione enzyme in all study treatments compared to the control treatments and a significant decrease of ≥0.05 p in the concentration of malondialdehyde in all study treatments compared to the control treatments during the study period 10 weeks. The results also indicated a significant decrease of p≥0.05 in the concentration of stress enzymes ALT and AST for all treatments compared to control treatments.
Effect of Breed on Some Traits of Lamb Carcasses of Iraqi Local Sheep
Authors: Hamza Al-Qasimi Rahman Hussien , Hasan Ayyed Bajee , Mohammad Waleed Ahmed
Published: July 2024

The study was conducted at the Khairat Al-Ittihad station for sheep breeding, southeast of Babil Governorate, on a random sample consisting of 24 lambs of local sheep, distributed in 12 lambs of Awassi sheep, 4 lambs of Arab sheep, and 8 lambs of Hamdani sheep, with ages ranging from 6-7 months, with an average live weight. These lambs, approximately 25.32 kg, were slaughtered after cutting off their feed 12 hours before. The aim of this study was to know the effect of the strain on the weight of the carcass and the weights of some external parts such as the head, legs, skin, and the weights of some parts of the carcass such as the ribs, neck, mechanism, shoulder, loin, and thigh. The gluteus and thigh The group of Hamdani lambs was superior to the two groups of Awassi and Arabi lambs. As for the other traits included in this study, such as carcass weight, skin weights, shoulder ribs, and cotton area, the type of breed had no significant effect on them.
Effects of using Different Levels of Crude Protein with or Without Probiotic Addition on Blood Indicators, Carcass Traits and Immunity Response
Authors: Kazem Qasim Samir , Imari Zeyad Kamal
Published: July 2024

This study was performed to statement the effect of different levels of dietary protein with or without probiotic addition on blood and immune indictors and carcass trait. Three hundred broiler chicks 308 were obtained from a commercial hatchery and reared for 35 d. At the beginning of the second week, the experiment was conducted on 240 birds 203.5 ± 7.25 g by using completely randomized design of a factorial arrangement (3 × 2). 3 levels of crude protein [standard level; 5% less than standard level (PR1); and 10% less than standard level (PR2)] and 2 levels of probiotic (0 and 0.5 g/kg). Results showed that birds fed probiotic had a higher (p<0.01) dressing percentage and breast relative weight than birds fed a diet without probiotic. While reducing dietary protein did not influence relative weight of breast and dressing percentage (p>0.05). The relative weight of the thigh, back, neck, wings, liver, and heart was not impacted by reducing protein, probiotic addition, or their interaction (p>0.05). The total cholesterol and glucose concentrations were significantly reduced in the birds fed a diet containing probiotic compared to the birds fed a diet without probiotic (p<0.01 and p<0.05 respectively). Neither protein nor probiotic effect on concentration of antibodies for Kumboro, Newcastle, and bronchitis infectious (p>0.05). There is interaction effect between protein levels and probiotic levels for antibody titer against bursal disease (p<0.05).
Effect of Addition Aqueous Extract of Camel Thorn (Alhagi maurorum) Plant Roots and Some of Immune Enhancers with Drinking Water on some Hematological, Biochemical and Immunological Characteristics of Broilers
Authors: Mahde Martaza Haider , Hammod Ali J.
Published: July 2024

The current study was conducted in poultry farm belongs to Animal production department/ Faculty of Agriculture/ University of Kufa. Using 300 broiler chicks (Ross 308) with 1st day of age. The chicks were unsexed and with 37 gm average of initial weight and reared in semi closed house by pens (3m2). The chicks were distributed randomly for five treatments with three replicates for each treatment where each treatment included 60 chicks with 20 chicks for each replicate through a period of 35 days. The treatments were divided as follows: T1: control treatment (without addition), T2: adding the Immuno-Care to the drinking water at an amount of 0.4 ml/ litre, T3: adding Immunity-Stim to the drinking water at an amount of 1 ml/ litre, T4: Add the aqueous extract of the roots of Camel thorn plant at a percentage of 5 ml/ 1 litre of drinking water, T5: Add the aqueous extract of the roots of Camel thorn at a percentage of 10 ml/ 1 litre of water. The chicks were fed with starter diet from 1-10 days of age, grower diet from 11-24 days of age, and finisher diet from 25-35 days of age. The data for the studied characteristics were analyzed using a completely randomized design, and the significance of the differences between the treatments was tested using the Duncan test at the probability level of 0.05. The SAS statistical program was used in the statistical analysis. The most important results obtained were the following: Significant improvement in the hemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume, number of red blood cells, titer of antibodies directed against Newcastle disease and antibodies directed against Infectious bronchitis virus, as the relative weight of the spleen compared to the control treatment. While the two treatments adding immune Enhancers (Immuno-Care and Immunity-Stim) did not differ significantly compared to the control treatment.
Effect of Adding Rumex vesicarius Powder and Vitamin C to the Diet on Some Productive Characteristics of Broilers Exposed to Heat Stress
Authors: Al-Issawi Nihaya R. , Al-Shukri Aqeel Y.
Published: July 2024

The study was conducted in the poultry field at the Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture / University of Kufa, from September 24th to October 28th, 2023. The objective was to investigate the impact of incorporating bladder dock (Rumex vesicarius) plant powder and vitamin C into the diet of broilers (Ross 308) subjected to heat stress on their productive traits. A total of 300 unsexed broiler chicks, each one day old, from the Ross308 cross, were utilized. The average weight of each chick was 42 grams. The chicks were provided with three distinct diets between the ages of 1 and 10 days, followed by a second diet between the ages of 11 and 24 days, and finally a third diet between the ages of 25 and 35 days. The energy content of the three diets was measured to be 3010, 3081, and 3210 kcal/kg, respectively. Similarly, the protein content was found to be 23.11, 21.51, and 19.58, respectively. The one-day-old chicks were allocated into five treatments using a random distribution method. Each treatment consisted of 60 chicks, with three replicates. Each duplicate consisted of 20 chicks. The therapies administered were as follows: T1: Control, standard diet, T2: standard diet supplemented with 5 g of R. vesicarius plant powder per kilogram of body weight, T3: standard diet supplemented with 10 g of R. vesicarius powder per kilogram of body weight, T4: standard diet supplemented with 300 mg of vitamin C per kilogram of body weight, T5: standard diet supplemented with 150 mg of vitamin C plus 5g of R. vesicarius plant powder per kilogram of body weight. The study’s findings revealed a statistically significant disparity (P < 0.05) in the ultimate live body weight and overall weight increase of the avian subjects in the two experimental groups, T2 and T4, in comparison to the control group, T1. The birds in all treatments did not exhibit any notable disparities in the rate of total feed consumption when compared to the control group. The feed conversion factor for the birds experienced a substantial enhancement. The comparison between the two therapies, T2 and T4, and the control therapy was conducted.
Effect of Adding Different Concentrations of the Hot and Alcoholic Aqueous Extract of the Seeds of the Kalgan Plant (Silybum marianum) to Drinking Water on the Productive Performance of Broiler Chicks ROSS 308
Authors: Abd Al-Hussien Shhlaa Sahib , Ajafar Majeed Hameed
Published: July 2024

This study is to evaluate the effectiveness of adding different concentrations of the hot and alcoholic aqueous extract of seeds of the local Kalgan plant (Silybum marianum) to water drinking on the performance productive of broilers and find the best ratios that achieve the highest results positive in productivity, It was used 315 of broiler chicks Ross 308 and It was randomly distributed to 21 (KN) with 7 trial transactions for each(3)bis transaction. The experiment treatments were as: T1(control) :free of any addition, and T2, T3, T4 : addition of 2 ml of hot water extract for the seeds of the Kalgan plant / liter of drinking water at a concentration of 2.5%, 5% and 7.5% respectively, and T5, T6, T7 : addition of 2 ml of alcoholic extract of the seeds of the Kalgan plant / liter of water drinking at a concentration of 2.5%, 5% and 7.5% respectively. The results showed a significant (p≤0.05) superiority for T6 and T7 coefficients in the average weight live body and the gain weight total compared T1 (control), the consumption total feed, the experimental coefficients (T6, T7, T4 and T3) achieved significant compared superiority T1 (control), recorded T7 the best cumulative food conversion with significant (p≤0.05) difference compared to treatments other. As for the carcass qualities, the treatment T7 achieved the best weight live body, and weight carcass and the net percentage, for the destruction, it was noted there were no significant differences between the experiment coefficients all. So the extract alcoholic of the seeds of the Kalgan plant at a concentration of 7.5% showed the best results In weight live body, the gain weight and consumption feed rate.
Efficacy of Fortifying Poultry Diet with Capsaicin and Chili Powder on the Performance of Broilers Exposed to Heat Stress
Authors: Abed Ibrahim S. , Al-Shukri Aqeel Y.
Published: July 2024

The experiment was conducted in the poultry field of the Department of Livestock - College of Agriculture - University of Kufa for the period 24/9/2023 to 28/10/2023. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of adding capsaicin and chili C. annuum powder to poultry diet in some productive traits of broilers under heat stress conditions. The experiment consisted of 360 Ross-308 hybrid unsexed broiler chicks, one day old at an initial weight of 40 g/chick raised on a 5 cm floor mattress. The chicks were fed a starter diet from the age of 1-10 days, a second diet from the age of 11 days - 24 days, then a final diet from the age of 25 days - 35 days. The energy levels of the three diets were 3015, 3081, and 3210 joules/kg with protein levels of 23.11, 21.51, and 19.58, respectively. One-day-old chicks were randomly divided into 6 treatments, with 3 replicates per treatment. Each replicate included 20 chicks. The treatments were: T1 control (standard diet), treatment T2, T3 and T4 standard diet fortified with capsaicin compound at an amount of 15, 30 and 45 mg/kg diet, respectively, while the diet of the treatments T5 and T6 was mixed with chili powder at 5 and 10 g or mg/kg diet, respectively. The results showed that the final body weights of birds at 5 weeks of age increased significantly in the T3 treatment over the rest of the treatments, and the T2 and T5 treatments outperformed the T1 control treatment. Treatments T3 and T4 were significantly higher than the rest of the experimental treatments in terms of total weight gain, while the rate of feed consumption did not differ between all treatments. On the other hand, a significant improvement (P<0.05) was recorded in the cumulative feed conversion factor for treatments T2, T3, and T6 compared to the control treatment T1.
Problems Facing the Rearing of Broiler from the Point of View of Breeders in Salah Al-Din Province
Authors: Dahham Omar Ali , Saleh Majeed Hadi
Published: July 2024

The aim of the research is to identify the problems facing the rearing of broiler from the point of view of breeders in Salah al-Din provainc in general, and to determine the significance of the differences in the problems facing the rearing of broiler chickens according to the independent variables studied: (age, educational level, number of years of raising broiler, number of halls, Type of hall, trend towards raising broilers, contact with sources of information. A random sample was chosen from the breeder community with a percentage of (25%) breeders, bringing the number of respondents who underwent the research procedures to (146) breeders. After completing the questionnaire form, unpacking and tabulating it, the data was analyzed using the statistical analysis program for the social sciences (Spss). The results in the first objective showed that 51.36% of the respondents fell into the category of major problems, which is the highest percentage. From this, we conclude that there are real problems that threaten the profession of raising broilers in Salah al-Din provainc. The results of the research also showed that there are significant differences in the problems facing the raising of broilers. According to the independent variables studied: (number of halls, type of hall, full-time dedication to raising broilers, tendency toward raising broilers, contact with sources of information), and therefore we can conclude that these variables have a positive or negative impact on the problems of breeders. In light of the results and conclusions reached by the research, it was recommended to intensify the work of agricultural extension activities directed to broiler breeders in Saladin Province in general.
Effect of Birth Season and Lactation Stages on the Level of Some Hormones and Milk Yield of Holstein x Janoubi Cows
Authors: Abdulsada Hawraa M. , Kassim Waleed Y. , Hassan Khalif A.
Published: July 2024

This study, conducted from October 1, 2022, to June 10, 2022, focused on 15 hybrid cows (Holstein × Janoubi) at different physiological stages, including pregnancy and milk production. The cows were categorized into early lactation (more than one day - 2 months), mid-lactation (2-4 months), and late lactation (4-6 months), further divided into three parities: 5 in parity I, 6 in parity II, and 4 in the third parity. Originating from Basra Governorate, specifically Nashwa Abu Al-Khasib and the Agricultural Research Station at the University of Basrah. Blood samples were collected every two months from the cows and their offspring to analyze hormone concentrations such as ghrelin, prolactin, oxytocin, estrogen, progesterone, and growth hormone at the Physiology Laboratory. Noteworthy findings include a significant increase in ghrelin concentration towards the end of the lactation phase across all birth parities, while prolactin peaked in the middle of the lactation phase before declining. Oxytocin levels rose significantly in the middle of lactation, notably in the first parity. Estrogen concentration peaked during mid-lactation for all parities, and progesterone levels notably increased in the final two weeks of pregnancy. Milk yield varied across lactation phases, with higher yields in the early and middle stages compared to the end stage. The third parity demonstrated significantly higher milk yields. The study revealed positive correlations between ghrelin, progesterone, and estrogen, and negative relationships with prolactin, calcium, globulin, total protein, albumin, and glucose during early lactation. These findings contribute to a better understanding of hormonal dynamics and milk production patterns in hybrid cows across different physiological stages and parities, offering insights into potential management strategies to optimize dairy production efficiency and animal welfare.
The Effect of Adding Different Levels of Dried Chicken Eggshell Powder on the Qualitative and Sensory Qualities of the Lohmann Layer Chicken Eggs
Authors: Dawoodi Essam Tahseen , Dalawi Rashid Hasan
Published: July 2024

The experiment was conducted in the fields of the Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture, University of Kirkuk, for the period from 7/24/2023 to 10/1/2023, the aim of study was to adding different levels of chicken eggshell powder to diet of Lohman laying hens and study the effect on internal and external egg traits. One hundred 28-weeks-old birds were used, distributed randomly among five treatments, twenty birds for each treatment. The birds from each treatment were distributed into five replicates, with four birds per replicate. The eggshell was boiled for an hour in water, and then the shell was washed well and cleaned of impurities. Once the washing was completed, the eggshell was dried in the sun for 3 days, stirring constantly. After the end of the drying period, the eggshell was broken and crushed using a grinder, after which it was ready to be mixed with the feed. The treatments were as follow, T1=control (0%) eggshell powder, T2= 25% eggshell powder, T3= 50% eggshell powder, T4= 75% eggshell powder, T5= 100% eggshell powder. The egg was collected weekly; the egg weight was measured by using electronic balance with (0.01) g, then the external and internal traits were measured. SAS version 4.9 and the CRD method were used to analyze the data, and Duncan’s multi-range test was used to determine the means of the coefficients. Significant differences were found in egg breadth, HU, albumin index, and yolk color. The study conducted that Adding 25-50% of egg shell powder to the ration of brown-laying Lohman chickens led to an improvement in the egg breadth, HU, albumin index, and yolk color.
Effects of ICSH Hormone and Testosterone by Adding Spirulina Platensis to the Feed with Different Protein Levels in Local Male Sheep
Authors: Yas Khudair Ali Abd Al-Hamza , Alwan Hamad Aslam Saud
Published: July 2024

This study was carried out in the animal field of the College of Veterinary Medicine at Tikrit University, and continued for 90 days from 10/2/2022 to 12/31/2022, using two levels of spirulina platensis (SP), 8 and 12%, to raise the value of the diet with low protein (LP) content, as well as reducing the harmful effect of high protein (HP) on the other hand in lamb diets and to investigate the effect of two levels using some hormones and longitudinal measurements of the reproductive system related to reproductive activity of Iraqi lambs. 24 local lambs were used, purchased from the markets of Saladin Governorate - Iraq, and their ages ranged between 3 and 4 months, with an average starting weight of 20.5 ± 0.9 kg, by randomly distributing them into 6 treatments / 4 lambs for each treatment. As follows: The first treatment was HP (control 1). The second treatment was HP + 8 g SP/1 kg concentrated feed. The third treatment was HP + 12 g SP/1 kg concentrated feed. The fourth treatment was LP (control 2) and the fifth treatment was LP + 8 g SP/1 kg feed. Concentrate and the sixth treatment, LP + 12 g SP/1 kg concentrated feed. The results of the study indicated that there were significant differences (P<0.05) in the levels of interstitial-cell stimulating hormone (ICSH) and testosterone (Testo) when adding LP on day 90. On the other hand, adding spirulina at a level of 12 g caused a significant effect (P<0.05) on ICSH and Testo on day 45, and on day 90 only Testos was affected. The interaction between HP and SP at a level of 12 grams showed significant differences in ICSH and Testo. Also, the interaction between HP and SP at a concentration of 12 g caused an increase in measurements of both the length, width, and circumference of the testicle. Scrotal height was also affected by the interaction between LP and the 12 g SP concentration.
Effect of Adding Zeolite in Water on The Growth Performance of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) Reared in Recirculation Aquaculture System
Authors: Farhan Mohammed Hamed , Naser Ahmed Salahudeen
Published: July 2024

This study was conducted in the Fish Laboratory / College of Agriculture / Anbar University / Iraq for a period of 12 weeks and for the period from 1/5/2023 to 12/8/2023, except for the two-week adaptation period before the start of the study, In this study, the effect of natural zeolite on growth performance, was tested, in addition to the water characteristics of common carp (Cyprinus Carpio L.) fingerlings cultured in a closed recirculating water system, The study included 7 treatments, each treatment was divided into 3 replicates, in each replicate (10 fish) with an initial weight of (25 ± 1) g, the first treatment (control treatment), Zeolite was added to the rest of the treatments in two ways, the first (inside the filter) in proportions (5, 10, 15) g/L for the second, third, and fourth treatments, respectively, In the second method, add zeolite (inside the rearing tanks with mesh bags) in proportions (5, 10, 15) g/L for the fifth, sixth, and seventh treatments, respectively, The results of the study showed a significant increase for treatments T2, T3, and T5 over treatment T7 in total weight gain(T.W.G), daily weight gain (D.W.G), relative growth rate(R.G.R), and specific growth rate (S.G.R).
Effect of Same Nutritional Components on the Enzyme Activity of Some Fungal Isolate (Aspergillus niger) in Common Carp Diets (Syprinus carpio L.)
Authors: Hasan Al-Gharrawi Ali Hussein
Published: July 2024

The current study was conducted to demonstrate the effect of using powdered (Asperjillius niger) in the diet of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). 72 fish were used, with an average weight of 3.24 g/fish, distributed randomly into three treatments, with three replicates for each treatment (6/fish / tank). Three diets were made with identical content and different addition percentages. The percentage of 33%, 66%, and 100% were used for treatments, T1, T2, and T3, respectively in addition to the compatriot treatment, which was devoid of Asperjillius. n powder. The fish were fed for 30 days with 4% of the biomass. The results indicated that the protease enzymes (Trypsin and Chymotrypsin) were distributed along digestive tract of the studied part (Anterior, middle, and Posterior) of the intestine. The results of statistical analysis also indicated that the value of the posterior part of the intestine differed significantly (P≤0.05) from those recorded in the Anterior and middle part of intestine. The three treatments showed the highest enzymatic activity (Trypsin and Chymotrypsin) after 30 days of feeding the fish, which differed significantly with the Posterior part of the intestine for all treatments, while the highest enzymatic activity was recorded in the middle part of the intestine. This study showed that (Aspergillius niger) can be substituted for soybean meal up to 100% without there being a negative effect on the enzymatic activity of the (Trypsin and Chymotrypsin) enzymes.
Effect of Lipid Profile and Liver Enzymes by Adding Spirulina Platensis to Feed with Different Levels of Protein in Local Male Sheep
Authors: Yas Khudair Ali Abd Al-Hamza , Alwan Hamad Aslam Saud
Published: July 2024

This study was carried out in the animal field of the College of Veterinary Medicine at Tikrit University, and continued for 90 days from 10/2/2022 to 12/31/2022, using two levels of spirulina platensis (SP), 8 and 12%, to raise the value of the diet with low protein (LP) content, as well as reducing the harmful effect of high protein (HP) on the other hand in lamb diets and to investigate the effect of two levels using some lipid profile and liver enzymes in the blood of Iraqi lambs. 24 local lambs were used, purchased from the markets of Saladin Governorate - Iraq, and their ages ranged between 3 and 4 months, with an average starting weight of 20.5 ± 0.9 kg, by randomly distributing them into 6 treatments / 4 lambs for each treatment. As follows: The first treatment was HP (control 1). The second treatment was HP + 8 g SP/1 kg concentrated feed. The third treatment was HP + 12 g SP/1 kg concentrated feed. The fourth treatment was LP (control 2) and the fifth treatment was LP + 8 g SP/1 kg feed. Concentrate and the sixth treatment, LP + 12 g SP/1 kg concentrated feed. The results of the study indicated that adding HP to the diet significantly (P<0.05) affected the level of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) on day 45, while on day 90 it affected the level of cholesterol (CHOL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Adding LP also led to a significant (P<0.05) effect on high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels on day 90 of the experiment. The interaction between HP and SP at a level of 12 g showed significant (P<0.05) differences in the levels of CHOL, triglycerides (TG), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and AST on day 45, while on day 90 only CHOL and LDL had an effect. Supplementing both LP and 8g SP helped with the effects on HDL at day 90.
Evaluating the Effect of Using Different Methods to Adding Zeolite to Poultry Farms and Its Effect on Broiler Performance Ross 308
Authors: Hussein Aulla N. , Areaaer Ammar H.
Published: July 2024

This study was conducted in poultry farm of the Department of Animal Production - College of Agriculture - University of Kufa for the period 9/11/2023 to 15/12/2023 for a period of 5 weeks. The study aims to evaluate of used different methods of adding zeolite on some productivity characteristics of broilers during winter. 300 unsexed, hybrid broiler chicks Ross 308 were randomly distributed into five treatments (each treatment included 60 chicks, with 3 replicates, and each replicate included 20 birds). The chicks were fed three starter diets, grower diet and finisher diet. The treatments were as follows: Control T0 (without addition), T1, T2 adding zeolite by ⅓ and ⅔ of the litter weight respectively, T3, T4 adding zeolite as filter method (Handled) by ⅓ and ⅔ of the litter weight respectively. The results indicated that: there was a significant superiority (p≤0.05) for T3 and T4 as compared to control group in marketing body weight and total weight gain. There were no significant differences in total feed consumption between all experimental treatments, while there was a significant improvement in cumulative feed conversion ratio for experimental treatments compared to control. It can conclude that adding zeolite used as filter significantly increased live body weight and total weight gain of broiler and improved most of the productive characters compared to adding zeolite with the litter and control group.
Effect of Adding Different Levels of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles to Tris Extender on Some Parameters of Cooled Semen from Holstein Bulls
Authors: Al-Janabi Ghadeer Ali , Al-Dulaimi Makki Khalaf , Fadhel Alaa Abbas
Published: July 2024

The study was conducted at the Artificial Insemination Center / Abu Ghraib / in Baghdad province for the period from September 2023 to January 2024. This experiment used 2 bulls trained to collect semen using an artificial vagina, with ages ranging from (2.5-5) years and with a body weight ranging between 350 - 500 (kg). One milliliter of each ejaculate was taken to collect the semen to eliminate individual differences between the bulls, to study the effect of adding different levels of Cerium oxide nanoparticles, The necessary tests were performed to evaluate the semen after cooling the percentage of live and dead sperm, the percentage of individual motility We conclude from this study that there is a highly significant difference in favor of the second treatment, which was by adding Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles extender to the semen (Tris) at a level of 75 μg.m1−1.