bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comportamento informacional de gestores da rede Hiperdia Minas
Authors: Cavalcante Ricardo Bezerra , Watanabe Yoshimi José Ávila , Guimarães Eliete Albano de Azevedo , Gontijo Tarcísio Laerte , Oliveira Valéria Conceição de , Vasconcelos Daniela Dias
Published: February 2018

RESUMO Trata-se de um estudo de caso de abordagem qualitativa que buscou analisar o comportamento informacional de gestores da rede Hiperdia Minas em relação ao cotidiano de trabalho. Entrevistas semiestruturadas foram realizadas com 10 gestores da rede. A Técnica do Incidente Crítico foi utilizada durante as entrevistas compondo o roteiro semiestruturado. Para a análise dos dados utilizou-se como referencial a Análise de Conteúdo. O software Atlas Ti foi utilizado para sistematizar a análise. Necessidades informacionais, fontes, processo de busca, análise, disseminação de informações e tomada de decisões no cotidiano dos serviços sofrem influências das normativas e burocratizações que regem o programa. Emergiram também situações que afetam o comportamento informacional dos gestores. Logo, o comportamento informacional na rede Hiperdia Minas necessita ser organizado e administrado com vistas ao reconhecimento da informação como um recurso potencial de mudanças e de gestão qualificada.
Os arquivos empresariais em Portugal: do tradicional ao cloud computing
Authors: Cañavate António Muñoz , Monteiro Maria Gracinda Barata , Freitas Maria Cristina Vieira de , Borges Maria Manuel
Published: February 2018

RESUMO As empresas têm o dever de salvaguardar os documentos e de gerir a memória organizacional. O desempenho desse papel depende do grau de sensibilidade e de registro de atividades. Neste estudo, refletimos sobre iniciativas internacionais de preservação dos arquivos de empresa, incidindo no caso português, e finalizamos com tendências no uso das tecnologias nestas organizações. Nesse intento, realizamos uma revisão bibliográfica de textos científicos e consultamos uma dezena de diplomas, contrastando os dados obtidos. Os resultados e as conclusões revelam uma tendência para a replicação de modelos e o caráter precoce, intermédio ou tardio das iniciativas internacionais, desencadeadas pelas empresas ou por parcerias com instituições públicas, destacando-se arquivos e universidades. Primeiramente, o foco esteve na proteção e na valorização do património, acrescentando-se, mais recentemente, objetivos tais como a organização e o acesso à informação. As iniciativas nacionais não fogem à regra, notando-se alguma novidade na quantidade e na qualidade das matérias legisladas, sem incidências, nos diplomas, em medidas concretas de preservação da informação digital. No uso das tecnologias, as iniciativas de modernização associam-se à Administração Pública e à assimilação de processos derivados dos ambientes eletrônicos. A comparação com outros países europeus revela um uso pouco intensivo dos serviços na nuvem.
Foliar indices for carrot crop using the compositional nutrient diagnosis method1
Authors: Silva Frederico Dellano Souza , Silva Natalia Oliveira , Oliveira Thaísa Fernanda , Reis Marcelo Rodrigues dos , Aquino Leonardo Angelo de
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT Carrot has a high yield potential, which requires an adequate and adaptable nutritional management, according to the needs and demands of each crop. Foliar diagnosis is a tool for adjustment and constant improvement of crop fertilization programs. This study aimed to determine leaf indices and reference values using the compositional nutrient diagnosis (CND) method, at three phenological stages of carrot crops [40 and 70 days after sowing (DAS) and at harvest]. In order to calculate the CND method, a database was created with leaf contents of the nutrients N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Mn and Zn and root yields, in commercial carrot crops. The nutrient limitation order was generated according to the fertilization response potential. At 70 DAS and at harvest, Mg and Mn were the most limiting nutrients by deficiency, while Zn was the most limiting by excess at 70 DAS, and P and Ca were the most limiting by excess at harvest. The results indicate that the foliar diagnosis performed with the CND method is only effective for the correction of nutritional disturbances in subsequent crops.
Physiological performance of wheat seeds as a function of moisture content at harvest and storage system1
Authors: Scariot Maurício Albertoni , Radünz Lauri Lourenço , Dionello Rafael Gomes , Müller Indianara , Almeida Patricia Mara de
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT The physiological performance of wheat seeds may be influenced by the harvest season and storage system. This study aimed at evaluating the physiological performance of wheat seeds as a function of different moisture contents at harvest, with later storage under hermetic and conventional systems. Harvest was performed when the seeds reached moisture contents of 28.6 %, 18.5 % and 12.9 %. Subsequently, they were stored for 240 days, in both systems, at room temperature. The evaluation of seed physiological performance was carried out by germination and vigor tests, shoot length and dry matter of seedlings. The germination of wheat seeds stored under the hermetic system increased up to 180 days of storage, due to the seed dormancy breaking, with a subsequent decrease of the values, while those stored under the conventional system showed a linear decrease of germination throughout the storage. The hermetic system provided an increase in seed vigor up to 120 days of storage and, after this period, there was a reduction of the values. The conventional system promoted a linear reduction of seed vigor throughout the storage, except for the results obtained in the tests of first germination count and germination speed index, which showed an increase up to 60 days of storage. Harvest delay negatively influenced seed germination and vigor, regardless of time and storage system. The combination of harvest anticipation and hermetic storage improves the physiological performance of seeds over time.
Por uma educação linguística ética-responsável: reflexões sobre práticas discursivas em uma sala de aula de língua inglesa
Authors: Bastos Pedro Augusto de Lima , Figueredo Carla Janaina
Published: February 2018

RESUMO Estudos recentes em Linguística Aplicada (LA) têm realizado uma aproximação com teorizações bakhtinianas e o ensino-aprendizagem de línguas. Tais estudos concordam que língua é permeada por discursos que dialogam entre si, indo além da noção de língua como um simples sistema rígido de estruturas, que podem ser analisadas em níveis sintáticos, morfológicos, fonéticos etc. Com base nesses pressupostos, pretendemos discutir a partir dos conceitos bakhtinianos de sujeito, dialogismo, ideologia, forças centrípetas/centrífugas, e ato ético, as práticas discursivas de alunos de língua inglesa. Utilizaremos, para isso, recortes de uma aula baseada no vídeo The danger of a single story, de Chimamanda Adichie, que problematiza verdades essencializadas sobre o outro. Com base na discussão entre o material empírico gerado e os pressupostos teóricos, fazemos uma reflexão acerca da importância da formação ética-responsável de alunos/as com vistas a atender demandas educacionais da contemporaneidade.
Nociones de prestigio y producción del cuerpo temeroso: Reflexiones en torno a la normalización de cuerpos intersexuales
Authors: Díaz Diego Vallejo
Published: February 2018

Resumen El activismo y literatura académica en torno a la intersexualidad, como lugar de problematización política de la identidad, parecen sugerir la necesidad de una labor doble. Por un lado, desplazar la comprensión del cuerpo intersexual a un campo en el que no sea un saber biomédico (fundamentado en la norma heterosexual) el que defina el proceder. Por otro, denunciar la manera en que tecnologías abusivas se instalan sobre el cuerpo intersexual para normalizarlo a través de mutilaciones quirúrgicas y procedimientos hormonales, con tono de obligatoriedad de adecuación a los binarios del sexo. Haciendo eco de estas labores, este artículo sugiere, desde una experiencia de trabajo etnográfico con un grupo de personas intersexuales en Colombia, algunas líneas de problematización sobre la experiencia de normalización del cuerpo intersexual, para reconocer el papel del deseo y la agencia de la persona diagnosticada en la reiteración de órdenes binarios. A partir de la experiencia compartida de personas que han sido nombradas como intersexuales, se problematiza la afirmación de que la normalización sea un ejercicio en el que no estén involucradas múltiples voluntades -incluso la de la persona intervenida-; y se invita a comprender cómo otras técnicas de captura están operando, en un contexto mucho más amplio que, bajo el temor, produce sujetos que pueden disponerse a la normalización. Dichas tecnologías se ubican en el campo abstracto del prestigio social, fuerza integradora que potencia ciertos discursos médicos, que instauran sus arbitrariedades en la producción del cuerpo, todo dentro de una matriz binaria heterosexual.
Intersecciones, periferias y heterotopías en las cartografías de la sexualidad
Authors: Vigoya Mara Viveros
Published: February 2018

Resumen Este artículo identifica algunas de las formas de organización del género y la sexualidad en el espacio sociopolítico colombiano. Haciendo uso de lo que se podría llamar un juego de escalas, que va de lo global a lo local y viceversa, se hace referencia al cuestionamiento del que es objeto actualmente el enfoque de género, en uno de los períodos más densos de la historia colombiana reciente. Para tal objeto, se exploran tres formas de relación de los actores con las políticas de género y sexualidad: las intersecciones e interfaces que se producen entre las lógicas e intereses del dogmatismo religioso y los sectores sociales conservadores, en oposición a quienes defienden la democratización de la sociedad; las periferias que dan cuenta de las áreas y actores sociales que se dejan por fuera del núcleo de la política sexual; y las heterotopías, esos lugares otros que constituyen, así sea de forma transitoria, impugnaciones del ordenamiento social y sexual.
THE PRESENCE OF LOUIS DUMONT: AN INTERVIEW WITH JOEL ROBBINS
Authors: Duarte Luiz Fernando Dias
Published: February 2018

Abstract The interview, conducted via an exchange of e-mails, explores Joel Robbins’ contributions to the reappraisal and resurgence of Louis Dumont’s work in contemporary anthropology. Starting from the central concept of “value”, the concept of relationism proposed by Robbins is explored as the counterpart of Dumont’s holism versus individualism dualism, as well as the unfolding of these notions in an anthropology of Christianity exemplified by Robbins’ research in Melanesia.
REDES, PRÁTICAS E REMESSAS POLÍTICAS: A FRENTE AMPLA DO URUGUAI NA ARGENTINA E O VOTO TRANSNACIONAL
Authors: Merenson Silvina
Published: February 2018

Resumo Este artigo explora a criação, consolidação e desestabilização da Frente Ampla do Uruguai na Argentina e a gestão de sua principal remessa política desde a década de 1980: o voto transnacional da Argentina para o Uruguai no contexto das eleições uruguaias. Seguindo uma recente proposta de Boccagni, Lafleur e Levitt (2015), o artigo procura dar conta dos atores (migrantes e não migrantes) que integram a rede política transnacional, enfocando as transformações de suas infraestruturas materiais e canais de comunicação. Simultaneamente, observa as especificidades que caracterizam os processos de incorporação política associados às histórias e trajetórias migratórias compartilhadas por ambos os países. O material empírico é produto do trabalho de campo etnográfico multissituado e inclui a análise das fontes produzidas pelas/pelos entrevistadas/os e/ou seus grupos políticos, bem como a imprensa escrita de ambos os países e a revisão de fontes secundárias.
Experimental poisoning by cassava wastewater in sheep
Authors: Silva Valdir C. , Oliveira Luciana A. de , Lacerda Maira dos S.C. , Pimentel Luciano A. , Santos Wiles S. , Macêdo Juliana Targino S.A. e , Riet-Correa Franklin , Pedroso Pedro M.O.
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT: The processing of Manihot esculenta (cassava) tubers yield different by-products, including cassava wastewater, which is the liquid pressed out of the tuber after it has been mechanically crushed. Cyanide poisoning after ingestion of cassava wastewater has been reported in ruminants and pigs in Northeastern Brazil. With the aim of studying its toxicity, cassava wastewater was administered orally to six sheep at doses of 0.99, 0.75, 0.70, 0.63, and 0.5 mg of hydrocyanic acid kg-1 body weight, which corresponded to 14.2, 10.6, 9.8, 8.89, and 7.1 mL of wastewater kg-1. On the second day, the sheep received a volume of wastewater which corresponded to 0.46, 0.34, 0.31, 0.28, and 0.23 mg of HCN kg-1. A sheep used as control received 9.9 mL of water kg-1 BW. Sheep that received from 0.75 to 0.99 mg kg-1 of HCN on the first day exhibited severe clinical signs of poisoning, and the sheep that received 0.63 and 0.5 mg kg-1 exhibited mild clinical signs. All sheep were successfully treated with sodium thiosulfate. On the second day, only the sheep that received 0.46 mg kg-1 and 0.34 mg kg-1 exhibited mild clinical signs and recovered spontaneously. The concentration of HCN in the wastewater was 71.69±2.19 μg mL-1 immediately after production, 30.56±2.45 μg mL-1 after 24 hours, and 24.25±1.28 μg mL-1 after 48 hours. The picric acid paper test was strongly positive 5 minutes after production; moderately positive 24 hours after production, and negative 48 hours after production. We conclude that cassava wastewater is highly toxic to sheep if ingested immediately after production, but rapidly loses toxicity in 24-48 hours.
Surto de aflatoxicose aguda em cães no município de Pelotas/RS
Authors: Guterres Karina , Silva Cristine , Giordani Claudia , Matos Caroline , Athayde Cristiane , Dilkin Paulo , Grecco Fabiane , Cleff Marlete
Published: February 2018

RESUMO: As aflatoxinas pertencem ao grupo das micotoxinas e são substâncias sintetizadas durante a multiplicação de fungos que podem contaminar alimentos e rações animais, produzindo efeitos agudos ou crônicos naqueles que os consomem. Os cães são sensíveis aos efeitos tóxicos das aflatoxinas, havendo dificuldades de diagnóstico definitivo desta doença devido a fatores, como a inespecificidade dos sinais clínicos e o custo elevado da análise da presença de toxinas na alimentação. Desta forma, o objetivo deste artigo foi relatar um surto de aflatoxicose em dezoito caninos, no município de Pelotas - RS, no qual apenas um canino não veio a óbito, após a ingestão de quirelas de milho e arroz contaminadas. O diagnóstico definitivo de aflatoxicose aguda foi obtido através dos dados da anamnese, exames complementares, resultados de necropsia e histopatologia, além de análise da presença de toxinas na alimentação dos animais. Na necropsia observou-se degeneração e necrose hepática severa e na análise das amostras de alimento foi constatada a presença de aflatoxinas B1, B2, G1 e G2, em um somatório de 898,2μg/kg na quirela de milho e de 409,86μg/kg na de arroz. Assim sendo, medidas de conscientização acerca do controle e prevenção das micotoxicoses devem ser tomadas, salientando os possíveis danos à saúde dos animais. Além disto, métodos de identificação de micotoxinas, devem ser implementados na rotina hospitalar, incluindo a análise da ração oferecida, visto que a aflatoxicose, muitas vezes é subestimada.
Proventricular dilatation disease (PDD) outbreak in blue-and-gold macaws (Ara ararauna) in the State of Santa Catarina, southern Brazil
Authors: Araujo Jeann Leal de , Cristo Thierry Grima de , Morais Raissa Moreira de , Costa Leonardo Silva da , Biezus Giovana , Müller Thiago Rinaldi , Rech Raquel Rubia , Casagrande Renata Assis
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT: Proventricular dilatation disease (PDD) is a lethal and important disease of captive psittacine birds, and affects a wide range of species, including endangered ones, and lacks an effective treatment. This report describes PDD in three blue-and-gold macaws (Ara ararauna) in southern Brazil. All three macaws originated from the same aviary and presented similar clinical signs including anorexia, apathy, emaciation and prostration. At necropsy, one of the macaws presented an enlarged proventriculus. Histologically, lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates was observed in the ganglia and nerves of the esophagus, crop, proventriculus, ventriculus, heart, adrenal glands, and adrenal medulla of all three cases. Two macaws had meningoencephalomyelitis and one had myocarditis. Immunohistochemistry identified PaBV antigen in the brain, proventricular, ventricular ganglia, and epicardial ganglia, and cardiomyocytes of all three macaws.
Fatores relacionados a problemas de comportamento em gatos
Authors: Paz Juliane E.G. , Machado Gustavo , Costa Fernanda V. Amorim da
Published: February 2018

RESUMO: Os problemas de comportamento apresentam importância não só no bem estar animal e na qualidade da relação humana-animal como também em saúde publica. Problemas de comportamento são uma das principais razões de abandono e subsequentemente o destino destes animais são abrigos ou até mesmo eutanásia. Além disso, a agressividade é um fator de risco para transmissão de zoonoses. Com o objetivo de avaliar a frequência de fatores relacionados a problemas de comportamento em gatos, foram coletadas informações de 229 gatos através de um questionário aplicado em tutores que aguardavam atendimento no Hospital de Clínicas Veterinária da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (HCV-UFRGS). Dentre os comportamentos arranhadura em móveis foi o problema comportamental mais frequente (65,1%- IC 95%: 58,5-71,4%) seguido de agressividade (61,3%- IC 95%: 54,2-67,1%), eliminação inapropriada (37,1%- IC 95%: 31,3-42,1%) e vocalização excessiva (23,6%- IC 95%: 20,1-29,8%). Os dados foram analisados por regressão logística com uma função de ligação logit. De acordo com a análise univariada, a presença de um arranhador teve uma relação significativa protetiva, podendo contribuir para a redução do comportamento de arranhar móveis (risco relativo [RR]=0.31- IC 95%:0.19 - 0.53). Fêmeas e gatos assustados foram identificados com maior dificuldade de ter uma relação amigável com outros gatos RR=3.56 (IC 95%:1.78 - 7.11), RR=2.84( IC 95%:1.60 - 5.04) respectivamente também quanto maior o número de gatos na residência, maiores as chances de haver eliminação inapropriada. Os gatos castrados antes da puberdade apresentaram menos chances de desenvolver eliminação inapropriada RR=0.43 (IC 95%:0.21-0.88) e, finalmente, a vocalização excessiva foi relacionada com busca de atenção RR=2.62 (IC 95%:1.54 - 4.45). Os resultados desse estudo podem ajudar a prevenir problemas comportamentais em felinos domésticos.
A influência do género nas salas de aulas de ciências: um estudo com docentes e estudantes de 9º ano
Authors: Oliveira Margarida , Reis Pedro , Tinoca Luís
Published: February 2018

Resumo Integrando uma investigação mais vasta sobre a influência do género no ensino e na aprendizagem das ciências, procede-se aqui à análise dos dados obtidos a partir de questionários aplicados a estudantes de 9º ano (com idades de 14 a 15 anos) e docentes de ciências. Procurou-se conhecer quais os modos de aprendizagem preferidos por estudantes e quais as estratégias de ensino desenvolvidas por docentes de ciências. Conclui-se que, apesar de se registarem algumas diferenças entre moças e moços, estas diferenças se tornam mais acentuadas quando se comparam as preferências manifestadas dentro de cada um destes grupos ou quando se comparam as preferências do grupo de estudantes com as práticas docentes.
Formação docente no contexto brasileiro das Instituições Federais de Educação Superior
Authors: Oliveira Júnior Ailton Paulo de , Prata-Linhares Martha Maria , Karwoski Acir Mário
Published: February 2018

Resumo O objetivo do trabalho foi identificar quais ações são desenvolvidas pelas Instituições Federais de Educação Superior (IFES) no Brasil no que tange à formação docente para atuação na Educação Superior. Para tanto, foi aplicado por um grupo de trabalho no âmbito do Cograd um questionário junto às pró-reitorias de graduação que buscou identificar a existência de uma política institucional de formação continuada para seus docentes. Verifica-se uma tendência crescente de que a formação continuada é mais uma nova forma de regulação profissional do que promoção da profissionalização docente. São pontuados indicativos de ações de formação continuada, possíveis incentivos governamentais ou políticas públicas que possam impulsionar os programas de formação docente e que a realize interlocução com o governo federal, com as associações de professores, de técnicos-administrativos, de estudantes e com a sociedade em geral, indicando ações de uma política de formação docente.
Educação do Campo no Plano Nacional de Educação: tensões entre a garantia e a negação do direito à educação
Authors: Santos Marilene
Published: February 2018

Resumo O artigo, de cunho bibliográfico, discute o direito à educação para as populações do campo e analisa a garantia desse direito nos documentos que balizam a política educacional no país nas últimas décadas. O material empírico analisado é composto pelo Plano Decenal de Educação (1993) e os Planos Nacionais de Educação (2001 e 2014). A análise concentra-se em refletir sobre o modo de comparecimento do debate da educação do campo nos documentos analisados, explicitando as tensões que emergem do plano vigente, que oscila entre a garantia e a não efetivação do direito à educação. Além disso, problematiza a concepção de Educação Rural e assume a perspectiva da Educação do Campo na reflexão dos textos legais. As conclusões assinalam avanços no Plano Nacional de Educação (2014) com relação aos Planos anteriores, não apresentando, entretanto, conquistas significativas no que concerne à Educação do Campo. Há, pois, um longo caminho a ser percorrido, antes que se possa afirmar que o Brasil garante o direito educacional para a população campesina.
A “realidade” de cada escola e a recepção de políticas educacionais
Authors: Rosistolato Rodrigo , Prado Ana Pires do , Martins Leane Rodrigues
Published: February 2018

Resumo A investigação tem como objetivo compreender a recepção de uma política educacional nacional em contexto local, levando em consideração a perspectiva de gestores de uma Secretaria Municipal de Educação, gestores de escolas e de representantes sindicais. A proposta é analisar as leituras, as interpretações e as reinterpretações de políticas nacionais nos municípios. Nosso foco é a recepção da Prova Brasil, e dos dados por ela produzidos. Descreveremos um cenário em que a Prova Brasil não é compreendida integralmente em seus aspectos técnicos, o que gera um duplo movimento: por um lado, gestores e sindicalistas entendem que é necessário realizar avaliações em larga escala, por outro criticam a padronização das avaliações. Suas críticas são sustentadas por referências às “realidades escolares”. A valorização das “realidades escolares” tem um duplo sentido: enfatiza as especificidades das escolas e produz interpretações alternativas e divergentes em relação à política pública.
The right to diversity in the route of interculturality in the school curriculum
Authors: Eyng Ana Maria , Mota Glaucio Luiz , Pinto Mônica Luiza Simião , Sehn Cleumir
Published: February 2018

Resumo In this text, we discuss the right to diversity in the curriculum, considering it as a course of identity formation and guarantee of rights, through practices that dialogue with equality and difference through interculturality. The dialectical method is based on the establishment of the dialogical relationship among traces of theoretical studies, public policies and perceptions of curriculum subjects in the perspective of cultural studies. With this in mind, we bring together the voices of students and teachers on one of the traces of diversity, the religiosity. Historically, it is about a theme that has been the source of fierce disputes, even if the purpose of that debate was conciliation. The results point out to the permanence of the challenge of implementing the right to diversity in the curriculum, whose overcoming requires a fight for democratic principles with the support of interculturality, which can promote participation and recognition of equality and difference. Therefore, the right to diversity requires the practice of a type of pedagogy which favors access to borders in the challenged terrain of the curriculum, through fair cultural negotiations.
THERMODYNAMICS ANALYSES ON REGENERATIVE STEAM CYCLE WITH TWO TANKS FOR HTGR-10 CONCEPT
Authors: Sudadiyo Sri , Sunaryo Geni Rina
Published: February 2018

THERMODYNAMICS ANALYSES ON REGENERATIVE STEAM CYCLE WITH TWO TANKS FOR HTGR-10 CONCEPT. In this work, steam cycle from a nuclear power plant is explored in order to increase electric power efficiency and output. A thermal source in the form of a HTGR-10 concept is considered. The power conversion unit of HTGR-10 consists of steam generators, turbines, condensers, pumps , and connecting pipes. Helium is used as the core coolant and the working fluid for power conversion unit is water/steam. The proposed thermodynamic process modification has been evaluated for regenerative steam power cycle of this reactor. The scope of study covered regenerative steam cycle with two tanks including feed water tank and intermediate feed water tank. The evaluation analyzes the effect of pressure, efficiencies of turbine and pumps, and tanks against thermal efficiency. The Cycle-Tempo software is used to simulate and optimize those effects on steam cycle based on HTGR-10. The results indicate improvements of as much as 2.65 % in thermal efficiency and 0.271 MWe in electric power.
NEUTRON RESPONSE FUNCTION OF BONNER SPHERE SPECTROMETER WITH 6LiI(Eu) DETECTOR
Authors: Tursinah Rasito , Bunawas Bunawas , Kim Jungho
Published: February 2018

Neutron Response Function of Bonner Sphere Spectrometer With 6LiI(Eu) Detector. The detector response function was needed to measure the neutron fluence based on the count rates from Bonner Sphere Spectrometer (BSS). The determination of response function of a BSS with 6LiI(Eu) detector has been performed using Monte Carlo MCNPX code. This calculation was performed for BSS using scintillation detector of 4 mm × 4 mm 6LiI(Eu) which is placed at the center of a set of polyethylene spheres i.e bare, 2", 3", 5", 8", 10", and 12" diameters. The BSS response functions were obtained for neutron energy of 1x10-9 MeV - 1x102  MeV in 111 energy bins and each value has an uncertainty less or equal to 2 %. The response function were compared with two response functions reported in the literature i.e IAEA document in Technical Reports Series 403 (TRS-403) and the calculation from Vega-Carrillo, et al. Also validated with measurement 252Cf neutron spectra, that shown the simulated BSS spectra were quite close to the experimental measured with a differrence of 3%.
Disease resistance and pathogen population genetic
Authors: McDonald B.A. , Linde C.
Published: February 2018

Plant pathologists have seen many boom-and-bust cycles following the deployment of resistant varieties. These cycles result when pathogen populations adapt to the presence of a major resistance gene by evolving a new population that can overcome this resistance gene. The breakdown of genetic resistance is due to the evolution of the local pathogen population because of selection for mutants, recombinants, or immigrants that are better adapted to the resistant cultivar. To understand the process that leads to breakdown of a resistance gene, we need to understand the processes that govern pathogen evolution. Population geneticists have identified five evolutionary forces that interact to affect the evolution of organisms. We ranked these risks and developed a quantitative framework to predict the risk that a pathogen will evolve to overcome major resistance genes. Our hypothesis is that much of the durability of resistance genes is due to the nature of the pathogen population rather than to the nature of the resistance gene. The framework we developed can be used as a hypothesis to test against a large number of plant pathosystems. The underlying principles of the framework can be tested individually or in combination according to the available knowledge of the population genetics for any pathogen. We propose that this framework can be used to design breeding strategies to break the boom-and-bust cycle and lead to durable resistance.
Ways to reduce the acrylamide formation in cracker products
Authors: Vass M. , M Amrein T. , Schönbächler B. , Escher F. , Amadò R.
Published: February 2018

The sources of reducing sugars and free asparagine of two different cracker products were identified, and acrylamide formation during baking was measured. The application of an asparaginase decreased the acrylamide content by at least 70% in both products. Replacing ammonium hydrogencarbonate by sodium hydrogencarbonate as baking agent and replacing reducing sugars by sucrose resulted in almost 80% less acrylamide in the wheat cracker. Decreasing free asparagine and reducing sugars in the ingredients and a lower end-temperature during baking lowered the acrylamide content of the potato cracker by about 50%.
Factors affecting the formation of acrylamide in coffee
Authors: Bagdonaite K. , Murkovic M.
Published: February 2018

Four types of green coffee beans (Robusta and Arabica) were roasted in a laboratory roaster and in an oven. The samples were analysed for acrylamide using liquid chromatography with UV detection. Significant difference in acrylamide content was observed in different coffee types. Robusta coffee beans, roasted to different degrees of browning contained more acrylamide than Arabica varieties. Roasting time and temperature had a great influence on the acrylamide formation in coffee beans. Coffee beans roasted for longer time had less acrylamide. Additionally, coffee beans roasted at higher temperatures contained less acrylamide compared to those roasted at lower temperatures.
The changes of α-galactosides during germination and high pressure treatment of chick-pea seeds
Authors: Dostálová J. , Kadlec P. , Culková J. , Hinková A. , Houška M. , Strohlam J.
Published: February 2018

The α-galactosides negatively affect of digestibility of grain legumes. The most effective way of α-galactosides decreasing is germination. The content of α-galactosides in chick-pea was decreased by 4 days germination up to 24% of original value in dry seeds. The 2 days germinated chick-pea seeds were treated by pressure 500 MPa for 10 minutes. The α-galactosides content was decreased by this treatment up to 31% of value before pressurisation and during 21 days storing decreased up to 7% of value before pressurisation.
Flavour and vinylogous compounds generated by Maillard-type reactions
Authors: Blank I. , Davidek T. , Ph Pollien , Devaud S.
Published: February 2018

The sources of reducing sugars and free asparagine of two different cracker products were identified, and acrylamide formation during baking was measured. The application of an asparaginase decreased the acrylamide content by at least 70% in both products. Replacing ammonium hydrogencarbonate by sodium hydrogencarbonate as baking agent and replacing reducing sugars by sucrose resulted in almost 80% less acrylamide in the wheat cracker. Decreasing free asparagine and reducing sugars in the ingredients and a lower end-temperature during baking lowered the acrylamide content of the potato cracker by about 50%.
Phenolic compounds as cross-links of plant derived polysaccharides
Authors: Bunzel M. , Ralph J. , Steinhart H.
Published: February 2018

Plant cell wall polysaccharides are partially cross-linked via phenolic compounds. As shown in the past, the most important phenolic compounds to cross-link plant cell-wall polysaccharides are ester-linked ferulic acid dimers, but p-coumarate dimers were also shown to be potential cross-linking compounds. Recently, ferulic acid dimers were identified and quantified in a range of cereal grains. The isolation of 8-O-4-dehydrodiferulic aciddiarabinoside from maize bran shows that diferulic acids are able to form intermolecular cross-links between arabinoxylans. The more recently identified sinapic acid dehydrodimers and ferulic acid dehydrotrimers provide additional contributions to building up a strong network of plant cell wall polysaccharides.
Fat blends on the base of structural triglycerides
Authors: Filip V. , Zárubová M. , Piska I. , Šmidrkal J.
Published: February 2018

Fat blends for manufacture of trans isomer-free emulsified fats are prepared by blending of 20–30% of structured fat with vegetable oil. Structured fats on the base of trisaturated triglycerides are produced by basic or enzymatic catalyzed transesterification of fully hydrogenated coconut oil with fully hydrogenated palmstearine or low erucic rapeseed oil. Physical properties of transesterificated structured fats produced by enzymatic reaction using immobilized sn-1,3 specific lipase Lipozyme TL IM or by randomization are similar. The replacement of palmitic acid with stearic acid without any changes in the ratio between medium chain FA and long chain FA was observed too. Fat blends contain mixture of β` and β crystals, the replacement of palmitic acid with stearic acid in structured fat does not influence neither crystalline modification nor SFC profiles but it has a significant effect on fat blend consistency.
Allium discoloration: the nature of onion pinking and garlic greening
Authors: Kubec R. , Hrbáčová M. , A Musah R. , Velíšek J.
Published: February 2018

Precursors involved in the formation of pink and green-blue pigments during onion and garlic processing, respectively, have been studied. It has been confirmed that the formation of both pigments is of a very similar nature, with (E)-S-(1-propenyl)cysteine sulfoxide (isoalliin) serving as the primary precursor. Upon disruption of the tissue, isoalliin and other S-alk(en)ylcysteine sulfoxides are enzymatically cleaved, yielding prop-1-enylcontaining thiosulfinates [CH3CH = CHS(O)SR; R = methyl, allyl, propyl, 1-propenyl], among others. The latter compounds subsequently react with amino acids to produce the pigments. Whereas the onion and leek-related propyl, prop-1-enyl and methyl derivatives can form pink, pink-red and magenta compounds, those containing the allyl group yield dark blue products after reacting with glycine at pH 5.0.
Protein-lipid interactions during oxidation of liposomes
Authors: Salminen H. , Kivikari R. , Heinonen M.
Published: February 2018

Oxidation of bovine serum albumin and its interaction with phenolic red raspberry and bilberry extracts (4.2 and 8.4 μg/ml) was investigated in a liposome system. Samples were incubated in the dark at 37°C with copper, and the extent of oxidation was measured by determing the loss of tryptophan fluorescence and the formation of protein carbonyls, conjugated diene hydroperoxides and hexanal. Both red raspberry and bilberry extracts inhibited lipid and protein oxidation. Red raspberry extract in 4.2 μg/ml concentration was the best inhibitor against both lipid and protein oxidation. In conclusion, oxidative deterioration due to protein-lipid oxidation is inhibited by phenolic compounds in berries.
Lipid oxidation in margarine emulsions
Authors: Pokorná I. , Filip V. , Šmidrkal J.
Published: February 2018

Influence of different storage atmosphere (argon and oxygen atmosphere) and influence of monoacylglycerol’s emulsifier (with the carbon chain containing 10, 12, 14, 16, 18 carbon atoms and commercial emulsifier D and a model mixture of monoacylglycerols with the carbon chains containing 10, 12, 14 carbon atoms) on lipid oxidation in margarine emulsions were observed. The rate of lipid oxidation in emulsion with oxygen atmosphere depends on oxygen diffusion through the emulsion layer, while lipid oxidation in emulsion with inert atmosphere is influenced by initial oxygen concentration in water and fat phase. Lipid oxidation in emulsion also depends on acyl combination and the acyl length in emulsifier. Emulsions with monostearoylglycerol oxidized minimally while emulsions with a mixture of monoacylglycerols oxidized maximally.
Amino-dealkoxylation of hm citruc pectin with n-alkylamines: a kinetic study
Authors: Sihelniková L. , Synytsya A. , Čopíková J.
Published: February 2018

Pectins are plant polysaccharides that are widely used in food industry. Chemical modification of pectins influences their technological properties. Amidated pectins are important pectin derivatives with good gelling properties at low-sugar conditions. The common method of pectin amidation is ammonolysis of methyl ester groups of highly methoxylated (HM) pectins in heterogeneous reaction with ammonia in methanol. Aminodealkoxylation (aminolysis) of HM pectin with primary amines leads to the formation of N-alkylpectinamides. The reaction yield of aminolysis depends on reaction time, temperature and the pectin/alkylamine ratio. The reaction of HM citrus pectin (type XSS, Danisco) with five chosen n-alkylamines (n-butylamine, n-hexylamine, n-octylamine, n-dodecylamine and n-octadecylamine) was carried out in N,N-dimethylformamide at 20°C (n-butylamine, n-hexylamine, n-octylamine) and at 50°C (all the amines) for 1–9 days. Obtained results can be applied to prepare N-alkylpectinamides of predicted DA varying the reaction time at the same reaction conditions (temperature, pectin/alkylamine ratio).
Effects of yeast stress and organic acids on chloropropanols formation in cereal products
Authors: G Hamlet C. , A Sadd P.
Published: February 2018

A major precursor of monochloropropanediols (MCPDs) in leavened cereal products is glycerol, which is formed as a natural by-product of yeast fermentation. However, yeast metabolism is affected by stresses such as low osmotic pressure from e.g. the incorporation of sugar or salt in the dough recipe. Tests with cooked model doughs have shown that glycerol production was proportional to yeast level and limited by available sugars, but high levels of yeast inhibited MCPD formation. Added glucose did not increase the production of glycerol but did promote the generation of MCPDs. This effect was attributed to the thermal generation of organic acids from added glucose, so the effect of pH and short-chain organic acids on MCPD generation was measured. There was a good correlation between initial dough pH and the level of MCPDs generated. The effect was weaker than that predicted by simple kinetic modelling, suggesting that the involvement of H+ and/or the organic acid was catalytic or not rate-determining.
Chloropropanols and their esters in cereal products
Authors: G Hamlet C. , A Sadd P.
Published: February 2018

Chloropropanols, in particular monochloropropanediols (MCPDs) are food contaminants that can form in the high temperature crust region of cereal products. Previous studies have indicated that MCPD-esters may be formed from a reaction between chloride ions and some lipids, although, to date, these compounds have not been reported in cereal products. MCPD-esters were extracted into an organic solvent and cleaned up by a preparative thin-layer chromatography procedure. Sample extracts were analysed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and the data compared with that obtained from a reference MCPD-ester, prepared by a custom synthesis. A faster method using enzyme hydrolysis and GC/MS showed that MCPD-esters could also be determined as the amount of 3-MCPD released by a commercial lipase from Aspergillus oryzae. Under the conditions of enzyme hydrolysis, model system studies indicated that low levels of MCPDs might also be generated by a lipase catalysed reaction between short chain triacylglycerols and chloride ions.
Survey of 3-chloropropane-1,2-diol and its precursors in foods in the Czech Republic
Authors: Divinová V. , Svejkovská B. , Novotný O. , Velíšek J.
Published: February 2018

A survey of the levels of 3-chloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) and its precursors in a range of selected retail food products in the Czech Republic is reported. The foods were selected according to their content of water, chlorides and lipids and included foods processed at high temperatures and/or stored for a long time. The content of 3-MCPD was determined by the GC/MS method using deuterium-labeled 3-MCPD. Water content and pH value of the analysed foods were determined together with the recognised precursors of 3-MCPD, fat, glycerol and chlorides. An insight into the level of 3-MCPD influenced by these variables has been done by principal components analysis.
Investigation of bisphenol a diglycidyl ether, bisphenol f diglycidyl ether and their hydroxy and chlorohydroxy derivatives stability in water-based food simulants
Authors: Poustková I. , Dobiáš J. , Poustka J. , Voldřich M.
Published: February 2018

Varnishes used as the inner coatings of food cans are often based on epoxy resins or vinylic organosols. The epoxy resins can be produced from bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol F (BPF) and they also contain bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) as stabilising components. These compounds may break down during storage and also by influence of food simulants. The stability of BADGE and BFDGE was studied using reverse-phase gradient high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) with fluorescence detection (FLD). Four experiments were compared: (i) BPA solution at the concentration 3 μg/ml of each food simulant, (ii) BADGE solution at the concentration 3 μg/ml of each food simulant, (iii) BFDGE solution at the concentration 3 μg/ml of each food simulant and (iv) mixture of all bisphenols solution at the concentration 3 μg/ml of each food simulant. Distilled water, 10% ethanol, 95% ethanol and 3% acetic acid were used as food simulants. It was observed that BPA, BADGE and BFDGE were most stabile in 95% ethanol and least stabile in 3% acetic acid. Creation of hydroxy and chlorohydroxy derivatives was in each food simulant different so it cannot be predicted.
Characterisation of physicochemical interactions between benzo(a)pyrene contained in vegetable oil and polyethylene terephtalate
Authors: Skláršová B. , Šimko P. , Šimon P. , Belajová E.
Published: February 2018

Rapeseed oil was spiked with benzo(a)pyrene [BaP] solution at the level of 29.4 μg/kg, filled into polyethylene terephtalate [PET] cylindrical shape receptacles and the BaP concentrations were followed for during 97 h by HPLC. During this time, the BaP concentrations decreased to 22.9 μg/kg due to an interaction of BaP with PET. Using a modified kinetic equation, the diffusion coefficient for BaP in the oil was determined. Calculation of the area occupied by a BaP molecule on PET surface suggests that either the multilayer adsorption or the diffusion of BaP into PET bulk came into account as the decisive factors bringing about the decrease of BaP concentrations in the oil.
The determination of N-methylcarbamate pesticides using enzyme immunoassays with chemiluminescent detection
Authors: Mičková B. , Rauch P. , Montoya A. , Ferri E. , Fini F. , Girotti S.
Published: February 2018

In the present work, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) with chemiluminescent detection for the determination of carbofuran, carbaryl and methiocarb were developed and the analytical parameters of these assays were compared with those of ELISAs with colorimetric detection. The sensitivity of immunochemical methods was expressed as detection limit, linear working range, and I50 value. In comparison with colorimetric ELISA, the ability of the chemiluminescent reagents to detect lower concentrations of HRP allowed to decrease the optimal antibody and conjugate concentrations and to reach better analytical parameters. The experimental comparison of the analytical performance of the ELISAs was carried out by analysing simply diluted fruit juices, spiked at different concentration levels with the above mentioned pesticides. Recovery values for both ELISAs were around 100% and no matrix effects were observed when fruit juices were diluted 1:20 or more.
Inhibition of lactic acid bacteria and bacillus sp. growth in cheese and meat products due to effect of polymer packaging film with incorporated nisin
Authors: Krejčová O. , Šviráková E. , Dobiáš J. , Plocková M.
Published: February 2018

Active packaging systems based on the application of packaging materials with incorporated and/or immobilized antimicrobial agents provides one of promising trends in food processing. The object of this work was to test the effect of polyethylene (LDPE) packaging film treated with lacquer containing 5% (w/w) Nisaplin® on the growth of lactic acid bacteria, aerobic sporeforming bacteria, Bacillus cereus and on the changes of total count of bacteria in packaged meat products and processed cheese. Peaces of cheese in contact with nisin treated film were stored at 21°C for 0, 7, and 28 days. The obtained results confirmed significant inhibitory effect of such packaging system against aerobic sporeforming bacteria, when the decrease of above mentioned bacteria contamination up to four logarithmic cycles were determined. In contact with sliced salami the significant decrease of total bacteria as well as lactic acid bacteria counts were found. During storage of packaged salami for two weeks at 5°C the total bacteria count on the surface of product in contact with the package dropped by more than one logarithmic cycles, present lactic bacteria were inhibited by more than two logarithmic cycles.
New formulations for low-fat frankfurters and its effect on product quality
Authors: A Lurueña-Martínez M. , Revilla I. , M Vivar-Quintana A.
Published: February 2018

The effects of reducing fat level (9% and 12%), substituting pork fat with olive oil and adding locust bean/xanthan gum on emulsion stability, jelly and fat separation, cook loss, and hardness of frankfurters were investigated and compared with control sample elaborated with 20% of fat content. Results showed that addition of locust bean/xanthan gum produced a significant increase in hydration/binding properties, characterised by lower cook losses, increasing yield, better emulsion stability and lower jelly and fat separation. The substitution of fat pork by olive oil did not affect these parameters. Multivariate comparison between elaborated low-fat products and commercial frankfurters (normal and low-fat) were carried out using a factorial analysis. Results showed that addition of locust bean/xanthan gum results in products similar to commercial frankfurters with higher fat contents.
Low input long-read DNA isolation for Nanopore sequencing v1
Authors: Blumenscheit Christian , Viehweger Adrian , Diezel Celia
Published: February 2018

DNA isolation from gram negative bacteria with chemical SDS lysis (Phenol) for sequencing on Nanopore. Fast low input cell culture (5ml) with max output (2-3 µg) and longer reads ( 30kb+) .
Low input long-read DNA isolation for Nanopore sequencing v2
Authors: Blumenscheit Christian , Viehweger Adrian , Diezel Celia
Published: February 2018

DNA isolation from gram negative bacteria with chemical SDS lysis (Phenol) for sequencing on Nanopore. Fast low input cell culture (5ml) with max output (2-3 µg) and longer reads ( 30kb+) .
Hiperkalsemi ve Çoklu Patolojik Kemik Fraktürü ile Başvuran Akut Lenfoblastik Lösemi
Authors: GİRGEÇ Ahmet , TEMİZ Fatih , YURTTUTAN Sadık , DİNÇER Zübeyde , ÖZEN Osman Nuri , ACIPAYAM Can
Published: February 2018

Hiperkalsemi,  bazı lenfoproliferatif hastalıklarda sıkça görülmesine rağmen çocukluk çağı akut lenfoblastik lösemilerinde nadir bir komplikasyondur. Bu yazıda hiperkalsemi ve çoğul patolojik kemik kırıkları ile başvuran ve akut lösemi tanısı konulan 8 yaşında bir erkek olgu sunulmuştur. Hiperkalsemi etkeni olabilecek tüm nedenler araştırıldı ve laboratuar testler normal bulundu. Hiperkalsemi, intravenöz izotonik sodyum klorür, furosemid, steroidler ve bifosfonatlar ile tedavi edildi. Hiperkalsemi, çocukluk çağı akut lenfoblastik löseminin başlangıç laboratuvar bulgusu olabilir. Tekrarlayan laboratuvar ve periferik yayma incelemeleri hiperkalseminin ayırıcı tanısında önemlidir.