bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrating islamic values and ecopreneurship in biology: E-lkpd as a learning tool
Authors: Fuadah Armita Indah , Zulfiani  , Solihin
Published: October 2024

Integrating entrepreneurship into various subjects, particularly biology, helps foster creativity and problem-solving skills. Often seen as theoretical, biology can link to entrepreneurship through eco-friendly activities. This study aims to develop electronic worksheets (E-LKPD) as a learning tool based on ecopreneurship to increase students' interest in entrepreneurship, especially in waste recycling, within an Islamic context. The method used is Research and Development (R&D) with a 4-D development model Thiagarajan (Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate), which is modified into 3D (without Disseminate). The instruments used in this research included a checklist of student’s worksheets, interview sheets, content validity for student worksheets, teacher and student response questionnaires, and pre-questionnaire and post-questionnaire entrepreneurship interests. The development process involved validity testing by nine experts, readability testing by 15 students, and field trials by one biology teacher and 36 students. The results showed that the E-LKPD had a very high validity and readability. Teachers and students gave positive feedback during the field trials, and the entrepreneurial interest of students increased significantly, moving from a high to a very high category after using E-LKPD. It indicates that the electronic worksheets are valid and practical for enhancing entrepreneurial interest within biology, particularly in environmental awareness and sustainability. E-LKPD based on ecopreneurship also successfully integrates Islamic values, such as responsibility and concern for the environment. In this way, students not only get academic knowledge, but also entrepreneurial skills.
Regeneration of a Discoid Meniscus
Authors: Cha Myung-Jin , Avendano John P , MacMahon Aoife , ElNemer William , Lee Rushyuan Jay
Published: October 2024

Case:

A 4-year-old girl with no relevant medical history presented with left knee swelling. Knee laxity, magnetic resonance imaging findings of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) deficiency and discoid meniscus, and the chronicity of symptoms prompted arthroscopic ACL reconstruction and meniscal saucerization. Pain and swelling continued, and repeat arthroscopy revealed regeneration of the discoid meniscus at 18-month follow-up.

Conclusion:

In this unusual case, a discoid lateral meniscus regenerated after saucerization. Regeneration could be attributed to the robust vascularity of the meniscus in pediatric patients. Surgeons should counsel about the risk of recurrence after treatment of discoid meniscus.
A Rare Intracortical Schwannoma of the Distal Tibia
Authors: Groves Savannah D. , Mustafa Luai , Evenski Andrea
Published: October 2024

Case:

A 28-year-old man presented for a painful lower extremity mass. Imaging revealed a nonspecific, poorly defined lucent lesion in the left distal tibial cortex with scalloping. The diagnosis of intracortical schwannoma was made after open biopsy revealed positive S-100 immunohistochemical staining and characteristic spindled cells. Definitive management was achieved through curettage and bone grafting. Six months postoperatively, the patient's pain had improved with complete radiographic healing.

Conclusion:

An intracortical schwannoma is a rare, benign lesion which may have atypical radiological findings and nonspecific presentations. Definitive diagnosis is made with permanent histology and S-100 immunohistochemical staining.
Effects of E-learning for Postural Education in Music Students (El-Poems): A Randomized Controlled Trial Among Iranian Adolescents
Authors: Akbari-Chehrehbargh Zahra , Tavafian Sedigheh Sadat
Published: October 2024

AIMS: Musculoskeletal (MSK) pain represents a major health problem facing music students worldwide. There is some evidence that posture education could be effective in reducing pain and disability among music students. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of E-learning
for posture education in music students (El-Poems) on the presence of MSK pain, MSK pain intensity, as well as postural behavior. METHODS: This was a matched-pair, two-arm parallel randomized controlled trial. Participants were music students (aged 12–18 yrs), randomized to intervention
(n=134) and control (n=133) groups. The education program included four online sessions of the risks of incorrect posture and the necessary skill for correct postural behavior. A numeric rating scale (NRS) and the Nordic body map were used to evaluate the primary outcomes (MSK pain intensity,
presence of MSK pain, and location). A secondary outcome (postural behavior) was assessed using the Rapid Entire Body Assessment checklist. Data were collected at two points, baseline and 6-month follow-up. ANOVA and Wilcoxon tests were performed to assess the time x group interaction effect.
RESULTS: A total of 267 music students participated this study. Of these, 150 (56.2%) reported at least one symptomatic region over the previous week. A significant reduction was found from baseline to 6-month follow-up in mean scores in the intervention group for MSK pain prevalence (from
55.2% to 43.3%, Z=–2.71, P=0.004, eta-p2=0.07), MSK pain intensity (from 2.21±2.51 to 1.94±2.47, F263=32.27, P<0.001, eta-p2 = 0.11), and postural behavior (from 6.99±2.97 to 6.65±2.72, F263=27.35, P<0.001, eta-p2=0.09). CONCLUSION: The results demonstrated
that the E-learning postural education program was associated with a decrease in the prevalence of MSK pain, a reduction in pain intensity, and improved postural behavior.
RETRACTED: Chiral Borohydride Complex Crystals: Synthesis, Structure and Reduction Application of Acetophenone
Authors: PAŞA Salih
Published: October 2024

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Applicability of a microRNA-based dynamic risk score for type 1 diabetes
Authors: Joglekar Mugdha V , Wong Wilson KM , Kunte Pooja S , Kulkarni Reshmi A , Ahmed Ikhlak , Farr Ryan J , Pham Nhan HT , Coles Madilyn , Maynard Cody L , Kaur Simranjeet , Thorat Vinod , Pant Aniruddha , Alshabeeb-Akil Ammira , Donaghue Kim , Jenkins Alicia , Craig Maria , Shapiro James , Hague William , Yajnik Chittaranjan , Ma Ronald , Davies Elizabeth , Jones Timothy W , Gitelman Stephen , Pociot Flemming , Hardikar Anandwardhan A ,   PREDICT T1D Study Group
Published: October 2024

Identifying biomarkers of functional β-cell loss is critical in risk stratification for Type 1 Diabetes (T1D). We report a microRNA-based dynamic (responsive to environment) risk score developed using multi-center, multi-ethnic/country (“multi-context”) cohorts. Discovery (wet-lab and dry-lab) analysis identified 50 microRNAs that were measured across n=2,204 individuals from four contexts (4C=AUS/Australia, DNK/Denmark, HKG/Hong Kong SAR China, IND/India). A microRNA-based dynamic risk score (DRS) was generated (DRS4C), which effectively stratified individuals with/without T1D. Generative artificial intelligence (GAI) was used to create an enhanced (e)DRS4C that showed AUC >0.84 on an independent Validation set (n=313) from AUS, IND and NZL and predicted future exogenous-insulin requirement in islet transplantation recipients from Canada (CAN). In another T1D therapy, this microRNA signature stratified 1-year response to imatinib based on their profile at the study baseline. Utilizing machine learning and GAI, this study identified and validated a microRNA-based DRS for T1D stratification and treatment efficacy prediction.
Design of Anomalous Reflecting Metasurface for Communication Systems
Authors: Zamel Hany M. , Eldesouki Eman M. , Attiya Ahmed M.
Published: October 2024

This paper presents a novel design approach for an anomalous reflector metasurface for communication systems operating at 8 GHz band. The main contribution of this work is the development of a general analytical method that accurately calculates the electromagnetic response of realistic metasurfaces with periodic impedance profiles. The modulated surface impedance is achieved by incorporating appropriately sized conductive patches on a grounded dielectric substrate. The proposed design utilizes a genetic algorithm (GA) optimization technique to optimize the surface impedance that achieving efficient reflection of incident waves towards a specific angle of 45˚. The optimization process targets a specific impedance profile derived from the analytical model, leading to the desired anomalous reflection behavior. Then by using periodic boundary conditions, dimensions of an elliptical unit cells can be obtained. To evaluate the anomalous reflection performance, the bistatic radar cross section (BRCS) are simulated at different frequencies. The proposed approach provides a foundation for implementing intelligent metasurfaces in various communication applications.
Warm and moist air intrusions drive black carbon deposition and accelerate central Arctic snowmelt
Authors: Angot Helene , REVEILLET Marion , Dada Lubna , Jacobi Hans-Werner , Archer Stephen , Bariteau Ludovic , Barten Johannes , Beck Ivo , Bergner Nora , Blomquist Byron , Bourgeois Ilann , Boyer Matthew , Bucci Silvia , Creamean Jessie , Barry Kevin , Cox Christopher , Dahlke Sandro , Duetsch Marina , Dumont Marie , Ganzeveld L , Helmig Detlev , Heutte Benjamin , Howard Dean , Jokinen Tuija , Laurila Tiia , Macfarlane Amy , Pernov Jakob , Persson Ola , Posman Kevin , Quéléver Lauriane , Shupe Matthew , Stohl Andreas , Schmale Julia
Published: October 2024

In the central Arctic, warm and moist air intrusions (WAMIs) are increasingly prevalent during winter and spring, significantly impacting the near-surface energy budget. This study investigates WAMI-induced transport and wet deposition of black carbon (BC) and its subsequent influence on snow properties and melting. Using a modeling approach combined with extensive observational data from the 2019–2020 Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition, we document several episodes of elevated BC wet deposition during winter and spring (Nov–Apr). These events, driven by WAMI-transported pollution and moisture, result in an average 41% increase in BC wet deposition compared to typical winter/spring conditions. Furthermore, this enhanced BC deposition contributes to increased solar energy absorption (+3.4–4.6 W/m2 on average) and accelerated snowpack melt rate (+24–36%) during the subsequent summer. Despite their episodic occurrence (only 15% of the time), this study underscores the critical role of WAMIs in shaping the central Arctic environment and emphasizes the importance of the BC snow albedo effect. Our findings highlight the need for further investigation into the broader climatic impacts of WAMI-induced pollution transport in the Arctic.
The Impact of Test-takers’ Listening Proficiency on Their Listen-to-Summarize Task Performance
Authors: Nishikawa Mikako , Horiguchi Yukio , Yu Guoxing , Luhovyk Olena
Published: October 2024

Learners of English as a Second Language (L2) need to develop their ability to incorporate ideas from different sources to support their arguments to be successful in higher education. Recently, there has been a growing trend towards assessing test-takers’ ability to summarize different sources (e.g., audio lectures, texts, and charts). While integrated tasks are often centered around read-to-write tasks, there is increasing interest in listen-to-write tasks to test summarization skills. This study aimed to deepen our understanding of how listening proficiency affects listen-to-write summarization tasks. In this mixed-methods study, we used an eye-tracking device to monitor test-takers’ eye movements during listen-to-summarize tasks across different areas (n = 20) and tested them twice for different levels of difficulty. This was followed by the collection and analysis of qualitative data from the survey, stimulated recall interviews, and essays produced by test takers to compare the different strategies they applied to the two listening tests. The findings revealed that a more challenging listening task required significant cognitive effort to recall words from memory for summary production, causing the participant to pause longer on the screen. The Chi-square test showed that only the summarization task with the more challenging listening material predicted the result of the listening quiz that they took. Eye-tracking results suggest that listeners used different strategies depending on the task difficulty. Such empirical findings offer important implications for understanding the strategies that listeners use for listen-to-summarize tasks that involve note-taking to process information and help improve teaching methods in EFL classrooms.
A Feature Engineering-Driven Approach to Detecting Fraud in Ethereum Transactions with Ensemble Models
Authors: Chithanuru Vasavi , Ramaiah Mangayarkarasi
Published: October 2024

The Ethereum blockchain, known for its decentralized and open-source nature, has revolutionized online transactions. However, vulnerabilities within Ethereum's architecture have resulted in several security breaches. By analyzing transaction data, malicious activities can be detected, helping to mitigate cyber threats such as phishing, Ponzi schemes, and eclipse, Sybil, and DDoS attacks. Machine learning-based anomaly detection has proven effective across various fields, and this paper introduces a fine-tuned ensemble machine learning model to detect fraudulent transactions on the Ethereum platform. To optimize the identification of fraudulent transactions, XGBoost and Random Forest algorithms are utilized to extract critical features from the transaction dataset. Additionally, data resampling techniques are applied to counteract overfitting. The proposed framework operates in two phases: the first phase assesses the effectiveness of different machine learning models, while the second phase develops an ensemble model based on these findings. The framework's performance is benchmarked against the baseline models and state-of-the-art methods, demonstrating superior results. Testing reveals that the ensemble model achieves an accuracy of 99.4% and a Matthews’s correlation coefficient of 94.9%.
Operando condition modeling CO2 electrocatalytic reduction on Ni-N-C single atom catalysts
Authors: Ahlquist Mårten , Zhang Guozhen , Wu Fan , Han Yulan , Duan Zhi-Yao , Hu Peijun , Ye Ke
Published: October 2024

The performance of electrocatalysts is shaped not solely by the inherent structures of active sites but also by factors like the charge accumulation on the electrode surface and the electric double-layer (EDL) structure formed at the interface between the electrode and electrolyte. At present, accurately modeling the electrochemical reactions occurring at EDL is a great challenge, mainly because the dynamic chemical change cannot be adequately captured by the commonly used static configurations. Ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations face difficulty sampling across both time and space scales. Here, utilizing Ni-N-C/G catalysis CO2 reduction to CO as a framework to examine, we explored the catalytic process affected by EDL and accumulated electron on electrode under operando conditions by integrating grand canonical density functional theory (GC-DFT) calculations with classical molecular dynamic (MD) simulations. The findings suggest that the negative charge accumulating on the cathode material plays a crucial role in facilitating the adsorption and activation of CO2. Additionally, incorporating two intermediates, *COO + OH- and *CO + OH-, can significantly enhance the accuracy of the free energy profile.
Moreover, the EDL can not only enhance the adsorption of CO2 and promote the cleavage of the C-OH (in the *COOH intermediate) but also inhibit the desorption of CO to some extent. Compared to the promotional effect induced by cations coordinating with intermediates, the primary promoting factor lies in the electric field (EF around 85%) distributed around the intermediates. With the inclusion of the EDL correction, our calculations align well with experimental observations, showing that for the CO2 reduction to CO on the Ni-N-C site, as the applied potential becomes increasingly negative, the rate-determining step shifts from *COOH formation to CO desorption at -0.60 VRHE. Our work not only explains a long-standing puzzle for an important catalyst but also highlights the crucial roles of EDL effects, which provide guidance on investigating electrochemical reactions without compromising the complexity of the electrode environment.
An Agent-based Modeling Framework for Learning Progression Research in Middle School Mathematics Curriculum
Authors: Jiang Zhenfeng , Karim Aidah Abdul , Khalid Fariza , Qu Hongchun
Published: October 2024

Large-scale experimental studies on Learning Progression (LP) in middle school mathematics face challenges, such as resource limitations and ethical considerations. This study introduces a simulation-based framework for LP exploration, centered on the Multi-Agent-Based Student Cognitive Development (MAB-SCD) model. The MAB-SCD model, built using Agent-Based Modeling (ABM), integrates student learning processes and cognitive development into coherent learning trajectories. It was conceptualized around the LP construction process and key instructional activities in middle school mathematics, using the BDI cognitive framework for design and implementation. A systematic verification process was conducted to ensure its suitability for LP research. Global sensitivity analysis revealed complex parameter interactions, providing insights into model dynamics and enabling simulation optimization to more accurately represent student learning experiences. Historical data were used for parameter tuning and validation, ensuring the alignment between model outputs and real-world observations. Calibration and validation results confirmed the model’s effectiveness in reflecting students' progress and cognitive development. Additionally, the model's validity was demonstrated in a typical LP research task, showing effective integration of cognitive processes with learning trajectories. Positioned at the intersection of cognitive architecture and educational theory, these findings offer actionable insights for educators and researchers. By promoting the use of computational simulations, this study enhances the understanding of mathematics learning progressions across large student populations over extended periods.
Exploring the spatial and temporal dimension of yellow stem borer in coastal rice ecosystem for enhanced management using geostatistical analysis
Authors: Bapatla Kiran Gandhi , Ponnada Uday Babu , Naik Chinna Babu , Yeddula Srujana , CS Shyam , Bandaru Gayatri , Karnena Koteswararao , Panda Bipin Bihari
Published: October 2024

Rice (Oryza sativa L.), a staple food crop in tropical and subtropical regions, is highly susceptible to damage from the yellow stem borer (YSB), Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker), causing significant economic losses. This study investigates the spatial and temporal dynamics of YSB populations and associated damage in a micro-scale rice landscape in coastal Andhra Pradesh, Southeast India. A total of 5,408 YSB males were captured using pheromone traps, and significant variations in YSB populations and damage were observed across different years and months (P < 0.05). Peaks in YSB activity occurred during the tillering stage in August and from flowering to the grain-filling stage in November. Surface air temperature, humidity and rainfall showed significant positive correlations with YSB populations and damage, while remotely sensed data, including LST and NDVI, had negative associations. Geostatistical analyses revealed a strong spatial aggregation of YSB populations and damage, particularly in August and November, with spherical variogram models providing the best fit. The average spatial dependency of YSB population and damage in rice was estimated to 584.1 m and 673.33 m, respectively. Additionally, spatial autocorrelation (Moran’s I) confirmed significant clustering of YSB populations, while Getis-Ord Gi* analysis identified hotspots in southeastern locations of study area, indicating areas of higher infestation. These findings suggest that incorporating spatial data into pest management strategies can enhance the precision of insecticide applications, reduce environmental impacts and improve the overall efficiency of YSB control. This study provides valuable insights for developing more effective integrated pest management (IPM) strategies for rice cultivation.
A high-resolution model of gene expression during Gossypium hirsutum (cotton) fiber development
Authors: Grover Corrinne E , Jareczek Josef J , Swaminathan Sivakumar , Lee Youngwoo , Howell Alexander H , Rani Heena , II Mark A Arick , Leach Alexis G , Miller Emma R , Yang Pengcheng , Hu Guanjing , Xiong Xianpeng , Mallery Eileen L , Peterson Daniel G , Xie Jun , Haigler Candace H , Zabotina Olga A , Szymanski Daniel B , Wendel Jonathan F
Published: October 2024

Background
Cotton fiber development relies on complex and intricate biological processes to transform newly differentiated fiber initials into the mature, extravagantly elongated cellulosic cells that are the foundation of this economically important cash crop. Here we extend previous research into cotton fiber development by employing controlled conditions to minimize variability and utilizing time-series sampling and analyses to capture daily transcriptomic changes from early elongation through the early stages of secondary wall synthesis (6 to 24 days post anthesis; DPA).
Results
A majority of genes are expressed in fiber, largely partitioned into two major coexpression modules that represent genes whose expression generally increases or decreases during development. Differential gene expression reveals a massive transcriptomic shift between 16 and 17 DPA, corresponding to the onset of the transition phase that leads to secondary wall synthesis. Subtle gene expression changes are captured by the daily sampling, which are discussed in the context of fiber development. Coexpression and gene regulatory networks are constructed and associated with phenotypic aspects of fiber development, including turgor and cellulose production. Key genes are considered in the broader context of plant secondary wall synthesis, noting their known and putative roles in cotton fiber development.
Conclusions
The analyses presented here highlight the importance of fine-scale temporal sampling on understanding developmental processes and offer insight into genes and regulatory networks that may be important in conferring the unique fiber phenotype.
Pregnancy and Early Life Gut Microbiome: Influencing Factors and Health Implications
Authors: Sinha Trishla , Brushett Siobhan , Fernández-Pato Asier , Garmaeva Sanzhima , Andreu-Sánchez Sergio , Spreckels Johanne , Mallon Cyrus , Kuzub Nataliia , Gois Milla Brandao , Kruk Marloes , Jankipersadsing Soesma , Dekens Jackie , Gacesa Ranko , Bang Corinna , Perenboom Corine , Franke Andre , Tytgat Hanne , Mottaz Sara Colombo , Peters Lilian , de Jonge Ank , Verkade Henkjan , Swertz Morris , Wijmenga Cisca , Kuipers Folkert , Scherjon Sicco , Sikkema Jan , Sprikkelman Aline , de Kroon Marlou , Prins Jelmer , Gordijn Sanne , Koppelman Gerard , Reijneveld Sijmen , study Lifelines NEXT cohort , Fu Jingyuan , Yassour Moran , Kurilshikov Alexander , Zhernakova Alexandra
Published: October 2024

The gut microbiomes during pregnancy and infancy play a critical role in maternal and infant health, yet our understanding of what determines their temporal dynamics, interactions, and health impacts remains poor. In this study, we profiled 4,577 longitudinal fecal samples from 714 mother-infant pairs in the Dutch birth cohort LLNEXT, from 12 weeks of pregnancy to one year postpartum. Hospital records and questionnaires were longitudinally evaluated to assess 474 clinical, dietary, and exposure variables, and 24 human milk oligosaccharides were measured in breast milk. We observe that the maternal gut microbiome undergoes subtle changes during pregnancy and postpartum and is influenced by dietary preferences, infections, and pre-pregnancy smoking history. We also observe evidence for substantial mother-to-infant gut microbial strain transmission, with many species exhibiting time-dependent strain-sharing, where higher maternal abundances of specific species increased the likelihood of strain transmission. Notably, we find that maternal gut microbial diversity before birth is the strongest predictor of infant eczema, surpassing family history as a predictive factor. The primary factors shaping the infant gut microbiome are mode of delivery and infant feeding with additional factors like maternal pre-pregnancy smoking, and parity associated with individual species. Of 585 vaginally delivered babies, 155 were born at home, but home delivery showed only a moderate association with microbiome composition, similar to other birth parameters like duration of active pushing and ruptured membranes. While the infant microbiome at 2 weeks was often largely dominated by single bacteria, its composition did not predict later microbiome or health outcomes (up to 12 months of age), suggesting that early-life gut colonizers are not deterministic for later-life microbial communities and health. Overall, we uncover patterns of microbial dynamics during pregnancy, transmission, and early-life microbiome development, providing insights and data for future microbiome-targeted therapies.
A Bdh2-driven Lysosome to Mitochondria Iron Trafficking Controls Ferroptosis in Melanoma
Authors: Agostinis Patrizia , Rizzollo Francesca , Escamilla-Ayala Abril , Fattorelli Nicola , Lysiak Natalia , More Sanket , Barazzuol Lucia , Haute Chris Van den , Asselberghs Joris Van , Nittner David , Coene Jonathan , Venkataramani Vivek , Michalke Bernhard , Gaillet Christine , Cañeque Tatiana , Davidson Irwin , Verhelst Steven , Vangheluwe Peter , Calì Tito , Marine Jean Christophe , Rodriguez Raphaël , Bonnereau Julie
Published: October 2024

Iron sustains cancer cell phenotypic and metabolic plasticity, yet it also sensitizes the mesenchymal/drug-tolerant persister phenotype to ferroptosis. This posits that iron compartmentalization must be tightly regulated. However, the molecular machinery governing organelle Fe2+ compartmentalization remains elusive. Here, we identified Bdh2, the mammalian homolog of the bacterial EntA, as a key effector of inter-organelle Fe2+ redistribution and ferroptosis vulnerability during melanoma transition from a melanocytic (MEL) to a mesenchymal-like (MES) phenotype. In metabolically proficient MEL cells, Bdh2 localizes at the mitochondria-lysosome contacts to generate the siderophore 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,5-DHBA) that ferries iron into the mitochondria. Fe2+ transfer by Bdh2 endorses OXPHOS and ATP production, utilized by V-ATPase for lysosomal acidification and MLC maintenance. Loss of Bdh2 expression alters lysosomal pH and MLC tethering dynamics causing lysosomal iron sequestration, which primes MES cells for ferroptosis. Rescuing Bdh2 expression, or supplementing 2,5-DHBA, rectifies lysosomal pH and MLCs, protecting MES cells from ferroptosis and enhancing their ability to metastasize through the bloodstream. Thus, we unveiled a Bdh2-dependent evolutionary-conserved mechanism that orchestrates inter-organelle Fe2+ transfer, linking metabolic regulation of lysosomal pH to the ferroptosis vulnerability of the MES/drug-tolerant persister cells.
Design and implementation of CSVCO for PLL applications
Authors: K Annamma
Published: October 2024

This paper depicts the design and performance analysis of Current Starved Voltage Controlled Oscillator (CSVCO), With different low leakage power techniques. This low power techniques of CSVCO is implemented in Phase Locked Loop by achiving the various field of applications, which are suitable to show efficient result of PLL for fast locking system, such as Frequency synthesizer, Multiplier and Frequency control, Tracking generators, Clock generation and recovery system etc. The proposed work sleep stack technique CSVCO which consumes low power, Less Area, Low Phase Noise, Less Delay, Also achieving higher frequency tuning range. Low power consumption gives significantly higher efficiency of PLL. This CSVCO simulation work is performed about the parameters of the phase noise is -63.8 dBc/Hz with supply voltage 0.45V and frequency of 2.759GHz. Power (mw) 0.002559, Delay(µs) 0.0006544. Complete work done by using cadence virtuoso 45NM CMOS technology.
Dynamic Context Integration in Large Language Models Using a Novel Progressive Layering Framework
Authors: Lapov Viktor , Laurent Nicholas , Araya Lawrence , Ortiz Gabriel , Albrecht Samuel
Published: October 2024

A paradigm shift in language generation technologies has prompted a need for more adaptable model architectures that maintain thematic continuity and efficiently manage computational resources. The Progressive Layering Framework (PLF), introduced in this study, addresses these requirements through a novel, context-sensitive layer configuration that selectively engages layers based on contextual relevance, reducing response latency and preserving thematic integrity across extended interactions. By dynamically allocating memory and prioritizing response coherence, the PLF enhances language model performance by optimizing resource allocation while maintaining contextual alignment, particularly in multi-turn conversational settings. Comprehensive experimental evaluation reveals that the PLF framework not only improves response coherence and computational efficiency but also significantly reduces error rates and context decay, even in scenarios involving high-contextual shifts. Observed gains in thematic retention and adaptive layer utilization suggest that the PLF holds substantial implications for advancing language model architectures, particularly in domains that require sustained adaptability across varied conversational lengths and complexities. These findings demonstrate the PLF's potential to enable more resource-efficient and contextually aware applications, setting a foundation for future advancements in adaptable language generation technologies.
Introducing Dynamic Entropy Layer Profiling: A Novel Approach for Ransomware Detection through Behavioral Feature Analysis
Authors: Tarness Simon , Bennett Matthew , Halloway Frederic , Abramson Lucas , Hathaway Michael
Published: October 2024

The persistent evolution of cyber threats necessitates innovative detection frameworks capable of addressing complex ransomware behaviors that evade traditional security systems. Dynamic Entropy Layer Profiling (DELP) introduces a behavior-based approach centered on entropy profiling across multiple file system layers, capturing distinctive shifts in data structure indicative of ransomware encryption. Through real-time entropy analysis, DELP accurately identifies ransomware activity by observing abrupt entropy increases associated with malicious encryption, distinguishing these anomalies from benign operations that also involve high-entropy processes. DELP’s layered structure and adaptive thresholding significantly reduce false positives and negatives, a common limitation in static and heuristic-based systems when handling polymorphic and obfuscated ransomware strains. Extensive testing demonstrated DELP’s resilience and efficiency, maintaining high detection accuracy across diverse ransomware samples while preserving computational efficiency in real-time scenarios. This approach not only enhances specificity in differentiating ransomware from legitimate encryption activities but also illustrates the potential of entropy-based behavioral analysis in elevating ransomware defenses. The findings indicate that DELP’s novel entropy profiling framework provides a valuable addition to current ransomware detection methodologies, offering robustness and precision in countering advanced ransomware attacks.
The Media Culture of Telegram Media Channels: Coverage of the Palestinian-Israeli Conflict
Authors:   The Higher School of Printing and Media Technologies, St. Petersburg State University of Industrial Technologies and Design, Oleshkevich Valeria V.
Published: October 2024

This article focuses on the study of the media culture of Telegram journalism. This messenger has long ceased to be a platform for messaging between users. Journalists have subordinated the functionality of Telegram to their activities: here they unite the audience, transmit information in the format of a personal message and provide a fi eld for expression. Russian journalists have begun to actively use the messenger for their professional activities since 2022: editorial offi ces of large media outlets create channels, and traditional media outlets quote publications from their own Telegram channels and the channels of colleagues in their materials. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that the media culture of Telegram media channels remains poorly studied, while the messenger is gaining popularity among online platforms for journalistic activities, posing strong competition to traditional media sites. In the process of research, the author used sampling, comparison and comparison methods and also turned to scientifi c theoretical materials on Internet journalism, journalism in social media and, in particular, the journalistic activities of Telegram. The purpose of the research is to study the media culture of modern Telegram journalism. The objective of the study is to use the example of practical material, namely, based on posts from the Telegram channels RIA Novosti, Readovka and Mash during the beginning of the Palestinian-Israeli confl ict, to study the tools of work of journalists in the messenger and determine their features in comparison with work on the websites of publications. The study revealed the features of the media culture of Telegram media channels: journalists more willingly and quickly transmit information in the messenger, in comparison with the publication’s website, actively integrate different formats for transmitting content, tools for infl uencing the attention of the audience, including at the stylistic level. The conducted research introduces the media culture of Telegram journalism and demonstrates the need for further and detailed study of the concept of Telegram journalism, the prospects for the development of modern Internet journalism, in particular in social media. Keywords: Telegram-journalism, media culture, messenger, online media, RIA Novosti, Mash, Readovka
Charting the conformal manifold of holographic CFT$_2$'s
Authors: Eloy Camille , Larios Gabriel
Published: October 2024

We construct new continuous families of AdS_3× S^3× T^4AdS3×S3×T4 and AdS_3× S^3× S^3× S^1AdS3×S3×S3×S1 solutions in heterotic and type II supergravities. These families are found in three-dimensional consistent truncations and controlled by 17 parameters, which include TsT \betaβ deformations and encompass several supersymmetric sub-families. The different uplifts are constructed in a unified fashion by means of Exceptional Field Theory (ExFT). This allows the computation of the Kaluza-Klein spectra around the deformations, to test the stability of the solutions, and to interpret them holographically and as worldsheet models. To achieve this, we describe how the half-maximal S(8,8)S(8,8) ExFT can be embedded into E_{8(8)}E8(8) ExFT.
Application of mannitol as pre-treatment and sucrose supports callus induction through anther culture in Gossypium arboreum
Authors: Indrawati Wiwik , Kusumastuti Any , Ahsan Muhammad Zahir , Tahir Muhammad , Kusuma Jakty
Published: October 2024

Diploid or tree cotton (Gossypium arboreum) species may provide a breeding source for fiber quality and disease resistance. Developing homozygous lines of Gossypium arboreum through anther culture can be a successful strategy for breeding the parental lines needed for cotton hybrids. This study describes callus induction on four G. arboreum genoytypes under various concentrations of sucrose as well as plant growth regulators. Explant materials were derived from immature anther and grew on modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) media. Prior to main treatment, mannitol application were applied to anthers with concentration of 0.7 M and modified MS media consisted of 3%, 5%, and 7% sucrose, as well as an addition of IAA, NAA, BAP, 2,4-D and Kin. Optimum callus formation was observed in Marvi genotype, in a medium containg IAA as well as sucrose between 5-7%. Furthermore, combination of IAA and NAA with sucrose 7% indicates highest number of embryogenic calli. However, Marvi genotype showed decreased rate of callus formation when the amount of sucrose increased on MS supplemented with NAA medium. The results indicated that the best formula on each genotypes were different. However, MS media with IAA (1 mg/l) + kin (0.2 mg/l) + CM (70 ml/l) + sucrose 5% provided the best performance to produce embryogenic calli on each genotypes. Our report can be utilized as an opportunity and strategy to obtain double haploid lines as a parental source in hybrid production.
Pseudomonas fluorescens in plant growth promotion and biocontrol: A focus on secondary metabolites, IAA, and siderophores
Authors: Queiroz Mayara dos Santos , Lopes Luanna Paula , Bianchini Pedro , Spessato Renan Rissato , da Silva Glacy Jaqueline
Published: October 2024

Pseudomonas fluorescens, a Gram-negative bacterium abundant in soil, plays a critical role in promoting plant growth and controlling pathogens, demonstrating remarkable biocontrol capabilities. This review explores the utility of P. fluorescens and its ability to produce secondary metabolites, IAA (Indole-3-acetic acid), and siderophores, addressing agricultural challenges under the strains of climate change. It emphasizes its role as a plant growth-promoting bacterium (PGPB), synthesizing recent findings on its contributions to enhancing plant resilience, pathogen resistance, and sustainable agricultural practices. The production of secondary metabolites, IAA, and siderophores by P. fluorescens is examined for its effectiveness in biocontrol, nutrient mobilization, and hormonal regulation. These functions are critically analyzed through diverse research methodologies, including laboratory and field trials, underscoring the bacterium’s pivotal role in advancing agricultural sustainability and productivity. As the agricultural sector increasingly focuses on bio-products and the exploration of soil microorganisms, P. fluorescens emerges as a promising solution to enhance farming resilience in the face of climatic adversities.
Weed phytosociology survey in a Brazilian native pineapple, variety Turiaçu
Authors: dos Santos Mayara de Sousa , Silva Maria da Paz Pires , Almeida Edmilson Igor Bernardo , da Silva Marcelo de Sousa , de Sousa Andreza Maciel , dos Santos Cyntia Airagna Fortes , Furtado Marileia Barros , de Sousa Washington da Silva , Parra-Serrano Luisa Julieth , Silva-Matos Raissa Rachel Salustriano da
Published: October 2024

The native pineapple variety Turiaçu holds significant market value and substantial export potential in comparison to other traditional pineapple varieties. Despite its economic importance, there is limited research on weed management for pineapple Turiaçu. Weed interference poses a threat to various crops at different phenological stages. This study had two primary objectives: (1) to assess the dynamics of weeds in a Turiaçu pineapple orchard across different climatic seasons and (2) to determine the critical control phase for weed management. We conducted weed phytosociological surveys during the dry, transition, and rainy seasons. Conventional methods were employed in 20 samples per season, evaluating relative density, relative frequency, relative abundance, importance value index, and Soresen's similarity index. Our findings revealed the presence of 32 weed species, spanning 24 genera and 12 botanical families, predominantly eudicotyledonous (78%), with an annual life cycle (50%) and sexual reproduction (78%). Seasonal variations significantly influenced the weed community, with a 500% increase in the number of species during the rainy season compared to the dry season. Based on our observations, we recommend implementing soil cover methods for controlling the weed seed bank. This approach is crucial in all seasons, with particular emphasis on the transition season, characterized by a relatively short and latent weed community that is more easily manageable.
Seed size improves vigor and emergence of Cenostigma tocantinum seedlings
Authors: de Farias Ruan Santos , Felipe Sérgio Heitor Sousa , Brito Vanessa Nascimento
Published: October 2024

Cenostigma tocantinum is a tree native to Brazil, with high timber and urban landscape potential. This species is propagated by seeds; however, few studies have reported the production of seedlings with higher quality standards. This study aimed to evaluate the emergence and initial growth of C. tocantinum seedlings of contrasting seed sizes (small and large). The design was completely randomized with two treatments [small seed (dimensions of length 1.20 cm; width 1.00 cm; thickness 0.32 cm; and fresh weight 0.18 g) and large seed (dimensions of length 1.52 cm; width 1.35 cm; thickness 0.39 cm; and fresh weight 0.37 g)] and four replicates of 25 seeds each. One hundred seeds from each group were randomly selected for measurements of the length, thickness, width and fresh weight. During the experiment, the following emergence and emergence speed index (ESI) were assessed. After 10 days of sowing, the shoot and root lengths, stem diameter, and shoot and root dry weights were assessed. The results showed that the length, width, thickness, and fresh weight of large seeds were 27, 35, 22, and 106% greater, respectively, than those of the small seeds. Regarding emergence (ranging from 21.8 to 23.8%) and ESI (ranging from 4.4 to 4.8), no significant differences were observed (P > 0.05) between large and small seed sets. More importantly, large seeds favored the development of seedlings with shoot length, root length, collar diameter, shoot dry weight, and root dry weight that were 29, 38, 17, 93, and 109% higher, respectively, than those of small seeds. Thus, C. tocantinum seeds can be stratified into two different sizes (small and large), with large seeds providing the initial growth of more vigorous seedlings (e.g., growth, development, and dry weight). The findings of this study can aid seedling producers in improving their product to meet higher quality standards.
Fungicide Sensitivity of Trichoderma atroviride and the Application of this Biocontrol Fungus to Protect Grapevine Sucker Wounds
Authors: Mkhwanazi Gugulethu Joy Makhathini , Halleen Francois , Mostert Lizel
Published: October 2024

It is known that Trichoderma spp. can protect winter pruning wounds effectively against infection by trunk disease pathogens. Another port of entry for trunk disease pathogens is spring sucker wounds. Trichoderma spp. hold the potential to be applied to grapevine sucker wounds to prevent infection by trunk disease pathogens. During spring, fungicides are regularly applied to control grapevine foliar and fruit diseases. The effect of these fungicides on T. atroviride is unknown. The efficacy of a T. atroviride-based commercial product, Eco-77®, was tested on sucker wounds in a vineyard against the trunk pathogens Phaeomoniella chlamydospora and Diaporthe ampelina. Sucker wounds were made on one-year-old wood of Cabernet Sauvignon vines. The wounds were spray-treated with Eco-77® immediately after suckering, and 24 hours later the sucker wounds were inoculated with spore suspensions of either P. chlamydospora or D. ampelina. After five months, isolations were made from the sucker wounds. Trichoderma atroviride reduced the incidence of P. chlamydospora by 66.65%. Even though the incidence of D. ampelina was reduced by 15.37%, it was not significantly different from the control treatment. In vitro sensitivity studies were utilised to investigate the effect of fungicides applied during spring against other diseases (downy and powdery mildew, Botrytis rot and Phomopsis cane and leaf spot) on Trichoderma spp. The inhibition of mycelial growth and conidial germination of T. atroviride (UST1 and Eco-77®) were screened for 16 fungicides. Potato dextrose agar and broth was amended to obtain 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 times the recommended dosages of the respective fungicides. Trichoderma spp. isolates were the least sensitive to the systemic fungicides boscalid, metrafenone and trifloxystrobin, as well as to the contact fungicides quinoxyfen and meptyldinocap for mycelial inhibition. These fungicides gave less than 50% mycelial inhibition at all the tested dosages. For the conidial germination assay, boscalid, penconazole and trifloxystrobin (systemic fungicides) gave less than 50% conidial germination inhibition of Trichoderma spp. Spiroxamine and pyrimethanil gave the highest mean percentage inhibition for both mycelial inhibition and conidial germination. The findings of this study show that T. atroviride can potentially be used to protect sucker wounds against P. chlamydospora. Furthermore, fungicides applied to grapevines during springtime can influence the conidial germination and mycelial growth of T. atroviride (UST1 and Eco-77®) to varying degrees. When applying Trichoderma spp. in spring, care needs to be taken in the timing of application of fungicides so as not to inhibit the growth of the biocontrol fungus.
Multiple Pulmonary Sclerosing Haemangiomas with a Cavity: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Li Yan , Zhang Fangbiao , Wu Zhijun , Wu Yan
Published: October 2024

Objective:

Pulmonary sclerosing haemangioma (PSH) is a relatively uncommon benign neoplasm that is often asymptomatic and predominantly affects young
and middle-aged females. PSH often appears as a single nodule, whereas multiple lesions with a cavity are relatively rare and easily misdiagnosed

Case Presentation:

In our study, we report a patient with separated nodules in the same lobe with a cavity and clinical manifestations of cough and sputum with a
radiographic presentation similar to that of tuberculosis. The patient underwent percutaneous lung biopsy and thoracoscopic partial
pneumonectomy and was diagnosed with multiple PSHs.

Conclusion:

We report a rare case of multiple PSHs that were treated with a thoracoscopic partial resection of the left upper lobe. Postoperative pathology
confirmed multiple PSHs. Due to the rarity of PSH, it is easily misdiagnosed in clinical practice as lung cancer, tuberculosis, or other diseases. The
final diagnosis depends on the pathology, and surgery is considered to be an appropriate treatment that leads to a good prognosis.
Effectiveness of Betel Leaf Extract Against Cercospora sp. Pathogen Causing Chili Leaf Spot In-Vitro
Authors: Mahfud Muhammad Afif , Martosudiro Mintarto , Choliq Fery Abdul
Published: October 2024

The betel plant grows a lot and is easy to find in Indonesia. Part of the betel leaf contains antifungal compounds. This research examined the effect of betel leaf extract and its effective concentration in suppressing the pathogen Cercospora sp. in vitro. The research was conducted at the Pesticide Toxicology Laboratory, Universitas Brawijaya. Using a completely randomized design (CRD) with six treatments and five replications. The treatment was carried out in control and betel leaf extract with concentration levels of 30,000 ppm, 50,000 ppm, 100,000 ppm, 150,000 ppm, and 200,000 ppm. The results obtained were screening tests of compounds, causal tests of extracts on fungi, percentage of inhibition, and growth rate on fungi. Giving betel extract can suppress the growth of the fungus Cercospora sp., and in the 200,000 ppm extract treatment, the results were moderately effective in testing the percentage of inhibition power of the fungus Cercospora sp., which is equal to 41%.