bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rol protagónico de mujeres durante la etapa pre y postrevolucionaria en la ciudad de Esteli, Nicaragua
Authors: Suárez Soza Martha Miurell , Rodríguez Rivera Naví
Published: May 2016

Es un estudio cualitativo, cuya estrategia metodológica es el método biográfico. Su objetivo general es la reconstrucción de las vivencias de una mujer para visibilizar el rol protagónico de las mujeres, que contribuyeron al desarrollo psicosocial en sus ámbitos personales, familiares, comunitarios y sociales en momentos históricos relevantes, en la ciudad de Estelí. El Método Biográfico estrategia apropiada para generar aprendizajes a través de la sistematización y la reflexión. Para J. Pujadas (2000), la construcción de la memoria, junto a las formas de afirmación de la identidad individual, reflejadas en las autobiografías y en otros tipos de documentos personales, muestra una pluralidad de voces y de sensibilidades en la interpretación de la realidad social. Los resultados demuestran la beligerancia de las mujeres en los momentos históricos, la limitantes sociales que obstaculizan su protagonismos en el desarrollo psicosocial de los entornos diversos. Los elementos facilitadores vividos como país que propician el desarrollo de oportunidades y espacios para que las mujeres asuman roles que trascienden de los tradicionalmente asignados, perpetuados por las instituciones sociales como la familia, la escuela y la religión.
Construcción de significados sobre liderazgo y su contribución a la superación de la pobreza extrema
Authors: Betancur Serna Lina Alejandra , Herrera Herrera Ertilia
Published: May 2016

El presente artículo está centrado en comprender la construcción del significado de liderazgo de las Madres Líderes de la Comuna 1-Medellín y su contribución a la superación de la pobreza extrema en el marco del Programa Medellín Solidaria-Más Familias en Acción. En este sentido, se plantearon preguntas relacionadas con la construcción del propio liderazgo, los actores inmersos y la contribución realizada a la superación de la pobreza, apuntando a la generación de nuevas reflexiones mediante las cuales fuera posible fortalecer las acciones de liderazgo en la ciudad de Medellín. El abordaje metodológico se realizó desde la investigación cualitativa y desde una perspectiva funcionalista, cuyo eje transversal es el enfoque de las capacidades; la estrategia metodológica se llevó a cabo desde el estudio de caso cualitativo y la interpretación de los datos se realizó atendiendo los principios de la etnometodología y la fenomenología, constituyéndose en meta-teorías para la comprensión del lenguaje y los significados construidos por las líderes. Los resultados obtenidos evidencian el liderazgo como una práctica social que posibilita direccionar procesos, movilizar, promover acciones orientadas a la identificación de recursos y potencialidades que proporcionen la construcción de mejores condiciones de vida y el fortalecimiento del tejido social.
Desempeño del personal del área de farmacia de la Clínica Médica san Juan de Dios
Authors: Moreno Torrez Aura Dilsia , Ruíz Hernández Elba Lisbeth , Pérez Pérez Yasari Lisbeth , Castillo Herrera Beverly
Published: May 2016

En esta investigación se detalla el diseño del parámetro de evaluación que utilizan los jefes para medir el desempeño de cada trabajador/a, así mismo la opinión de los/as asegurados en cuanto a la atención que reciben de esta importante área, el análisis de las fortalezas, oportunidades debilidades y amenazas (FODA), permitió proponer alternativas que pueden ser implementadas para una mayor eficiencia. Esta es una investigación cualitativa. Se aplicaron entrevistas a directores y trabajadores, y se aplicó una encuesta a los usuarios. Entre los resultados se muestra que los/as trabajadores/as presentan un déficit en su desempeño laboral, se planifica incorrectamente, los objetivos institucionales no están claros, existe un clima desagradable de trabajo: negatividad, egoísmo, desmotivación, y desconfianza. Esta situación repercute en la atención a los usuarios. Se recomienda la creación de estándares de servicio para una atención a sus clientes, capacitación a empleados, y crear un sistema formal de quejas y sugerencias para conocer la opinión del usuario.
Contabilización de ingresos y egresos en la alcaldía La Estanzuela durante el I semestre 2014
Authors: Centeno Valdivia Karla Patricia , García Moreno Enma Lisseth , Ramos Lira Cleydi , Alfaro Manzanarez Jeyling María
Published: May 2016

En el presente trabajo describe el proceso de contabilización de los ingresos y egresos en la alcaldía municipal de La Estanzuela6 durante el primer semestre del año 2014, para lo cual se tomó en cuenta lo establecido en las normas técnicas, normas básicas, principios y manual de Contabilidad Gubernamental, con el fin de constatar que la contabilización de ingresos y egresos se estuviese efectuando de forma correcta, además se recomiendan una serie de asientos complementarios a los que dicha alcaldía realiza para que dicha contabilización se realice de forma adecuada. Actualmente la alcaldía de La Estanzuela se encuentra en la categoría “C” con ingresos mayores de seis millones de córdobas y menores a diez millones, los cuales el 30% conforman el presupuesto municipal. Según el enfoque filosófico es una investigación cualitativa.
Proceso de ejecución y contabilización del presupuesto en la alcaldía de Yalagüina durante el 2013
Authors: Obando Romero Isayra Betsabeth , Acuña Acevedo Fiana Del Rosario , Rivera Zavala Maria Amparo , A Jeyling María
Published: May 2016

El tema abordado es: Proceso de ejecución y contabilización del presupuesto municipal en la alcaldía de Yalagüina durante el año 2013; dicha investigación describe el proceso de aprobación y ejecución de proyectos, requisitos que deben cumplir los proveedores para ofrecer bienes y/o servicios a la municipalidad, así como los estados financieros con los documentos contables necesarios para realizar la rendición de cuentas de los fondos ejecutados durante el periodo. El principal propósito para investigar es analizar el proceso de ejecución y contabilización de los fondos asignados a la alcaldía en el 2013; dicho análisis incluye determinar el cumplimiento de los objetivos propuestos y las dificultades presentadas con el fin de emitir recomendaciones. Para recolectar información se aplicaron entrevistas dirigidas a los cuatro responsables de las áreas que inciden en el proceso de ejecución presupuestaria, una guía de observación y una de revisión documental; así como también se hizo uso de bibliografía localizada en páginas web, libros y monografías encontradas en la biblioteca Urania Zelaya de FAREM Estelí. Los resultados muestran los principales registros contables, documentación soporte y aplicación de leyes y principios de contabilidad gubernamental que utilizan para registrar la ejecución de los fondos del presupuesto.
El diálogo transdisciplinario un enfoque de abordaje del cambio climático
Authors: Alfaro Mardones Juan Ignacio , Fernández Hernández Carmen De Jesús , González García Manuel De Jesús
Published: May 2016

La transdisciplinariedad es una forma de generación del conocimiento dialogada. Los saberes tradicionales de las ciencias naturales y de las ciencias sociales debaten abiertamente con la experiencia empírica acumulada en las personas y organizaciones sociales. Mediante este diálogo a universidad y las organizaciones campesinas buscan estrategias de adaptación al cambio climático que les permita mejorar sus condiciones de vida y augurar un futuro para sus familias. Este artículo describe una fase del diálogo transdisciplinar del II semestre del 2014, a partir de un mapeo de las parcelas y la construcción de las memorias comunitarias. El reconocimiento en la responsabilidad por la destrucción de la tierra y la reflexión sobre la vida de esa tierra permite pensar en estrategias para sobrevivir con la destrucción y cuidar esa vida. La identificación en cada comunidad de los niveles de vulnerabilidad y de resiliencia de cada parcela abre la puerta a planes de finca que enfoquen la transformación productiva a una estrategia familiar y organizacional de desarrollo humano y adaptación al cambio climático.
Evaluación de parámetros de crecimiento en plántulas de Cedrela odorata bajo diferentes condiciones hídricas y su adaptación en sustratos degradados
Authors: Altimira Jordi , Arnal Anaïs , Boada Marc , Casanova Cristian , Herrero Jordi , Boada Martí , Herrera Herrera Alejandrina , Ruiz Verónica
Published: May 2016

La desforestación del bosque seco tropical se ha convertido en uno de los mayores problemas ambientales de Nicaragua de las últimas décadas. Esta pérdida de masas boscosas ha supuesto una reducción de los recursos naturales esenciales para la población, tales como madera, alimentos y agua. La elevada explotación de Cedrela odorata (cedro real) para su aprovechamiento maderable ha situado a esta especie como vulnerable en la lista roja de la IUCN. Este estudio pretende brindar información sobre la capacidad de C. odorata de crecer en sustratos degradados y bajo condiciones hídricas eventualmente diferentes, resultantes del cambio climático. Para ello se evaluó el efecto de dos factores sobre la germinación y el crecimiento de plántulas de C. odorata, siendo estos: tres tipos de sustrato y cinco cantidades de agua. Los sustratos que se seleccionaron fueron de finca ganadera, de finca agrícola y de bosque seco tropical (control). Los riegos establecidos fueron, en base a la precipitación media del rodal: 50%, 75%, 100% (control), 150% y 200%. En total, se establecieron quince tratamientos combinación de los dos factores. Los resultados muestran que C. Odorata tiene buena capacidad para crecer en sustratos degradados con pluviometrías de alrededor de 1200 mm/año y hasta un 50% inferiores. C. Odorata tiene dificultades para germinar con pluviometrías superiores a las actuales, especialmente en suelos con escassa capacidad de infiltración. El crecimiento de C. odorata con pluviometrías superiores a los 1200 mm/año presenta un insuficiente desarrollo radicular que le dificultaría la supervivencia durante la estación seca.
Study of Pre-Hospital Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) Outcomes and Relevant Factors in Ardabil City between 2012 and 2013
Authors: Javadi Mehri Seyed , Mohammadi Raheleh , Javadi Maryam Seyed , Oory Mehdi Ja’fari , Yengejeh Mohammad Yazdani
Published: May 2016

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) is a procedure which was done both in hospital or pre-hospital in order to return life after clinical death. Although the most cardiac attacks happen out of hospital, but there are lack of existing studies related to CPR assessment in pre-hospital conditions. Then this study carried out in order to show the outcome of pre-hospital CPR procedures and its related factors in Medical Emergency Centers of Ardebil city.

METHOD: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 272 CPR cases in the Emergency Medical Center (EMS) in Ardabil, between 2012 and 2013. The researcher-made questionnaire was used. For data analyzing the descriptive and analytical statistical method such as the Chi-square test and the Chi-square details test were used with SPSS 16 software. The values of P<0.05 were considered significant.

RESULTS: The overall rate of successful CPR reported only 19.1%. The mean (SD) of patient’s age was 74.19±79.60 years and the most of them (66.2%) were men. The most patients (64.3%), had heart problems as a chief complaint. From all CPRs, 83.1% and 11.5% were done in patient homes and public place respectively. There was no statistically significant relationship between the successful CPR with age (p=0.15), sex (p=0.44), the arrival time of emergency personnel to the scene (p=0.98) and patient’s pulse rate (p=0.52). But there was statistically significant relationship between the successful CPR with underlying diseases (p=0.003), Location of CPR (P=0.002), patient blood pressure (p=0.00) and patient respiratory rate (p=0.04).

CONCLUSION: According to the findings, the rate of successful CPR was at a low level in the pre-hospital that need to be investigated further about its cause and its related factors.
Improving Mathematics Learning of Kindergarten Students Through Computer-Assisted Instruction
Authors: Foster Matthew E. , Anthony Jason L. , Clements Doug H. , Sarama Julie , Williams Jeffrey M.
Published: May 2016

This study evaluated the effects of a mathematics software program, the Building Blocks software suite, on young children's mathematics performance. Participants included 247 Kindergartners from 37 classrooms in 9 schools located in low-income communities. Children within classrooms were randomly assigned to receive 21 weeks of computer-assisted instruction (CAI) in mathematics with Building Blocks or in literacy with Earobics Step 1. Children in the Building Blocks condition evidenced higher posttest scores on tests of numeracy and Applied Problems after controlling for beginning-of-year numeracy scores and classroom nesting. These findings, together with a review of earlier CAI, provide guidance for future work on CAI aiming to improve mathematics performance of children from low-income backgrounds.
Age-Dependent Effect of Pediatric Cardiac Progenitor Cells After Juvenile Heart Failure
Authors: Agarwal Udit , Smith Amanda W. , French Kristin M. , Boopathy Archana V. , George Alex , Trac David , Brown Milton E. , Shen Ming , Jiang Rong , Fernandez Janet D. , Kogon Brian E. , Kanter Kirk R. , Alsoufi Baahaldin , Wagner Mary B. , Platt Manu O. , Davis Michael E.
Published: May 2016

Children with congenital heart diseases have increased morbidity and mortality, despite various surgical treatments, therefore warranting better treatment strategies. Here we investigate the role of age of human pediatric cardiac progenitor cells (hCPCs) on ventricular remodeling in a model of juvenile heart failure. hCPCs isolated from children undergoing reconstructive surgeries were divided into 3 groups based on age: neonate (1 day to 1 month), infant (1 month to 1 year), and child (1 to 5 years). Adolescent athymic rats were subjected to sham or pulmonary artery banding surgery to generate a model of right ventricular (RV) heart failure. Two weeks after surgery, hCPCs were injected in RV musculature noninvasively. Analysis of cardiac function 4 weeks post-transplantation demonstrated significantly increased tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion and RV ejection fraction and significantly decreased wall thickness and fibrosis in rats transplanted with neonatal hCPCs compared with saline-injected rats. Computational modeling and systems biology analysis were performed on arrays and gave insights into potential mechanisms at the microRNA and gene level. Mechanisms including migration and proliferation assays, as suggested by computational modeling, showed improved chemotactic and proliferative capacity of neonatal hCPCs compared with infant/child hCPCs. In vivo immunostaining further suggested increased recruitment of stem cell antigen 1-positive cells in the right ventricle. This is the first study to assess the role of hCPC age in juvenile RV heart failure. Interestingly, the reparative potential of hCPCs is age-dependent, with neonatal hCPCs exerting the maximum beneficial effect compared with infant and child hCPCs.

Significance

Stem cell therapy for children with congenital heart defects is moving forward, with several completed and ongoing clinical trials. Although there are studies showing how children differ from adults, few focus on the differences among children. This study using human cardiac progenitor cells shows age-related changes in the reparative ability of cells in a model of pediatric heart failure and uses computational and systems biology to elucidate potential mechanisms.
Los turistas en el centro histórico de Salamanca: tránsito, percepción y (des)conocimiento
Authors: Cavaillès Christelle , Laurent Marine , Maurin Simon , Sánchez Hernández José Luis
Published: May 2016

Salamanca se ha convertido en un destino relevante del turismo de interior en España gracias a la política de programación de acontecimientos culturales que se inició en 1993 con la exposición Las Edades del Hombre. Pero los turistas concentran sus itinerarios y visitas en el eje que une la Plaza Mayor con las catedrales y la Universidad a través de la Rúa Mayor. Su percepción de la riqueza patrimonial de la ciudad es, por tanto, muy limitada, como demuestran los resultados del trabajo de campo y de un cuestionario aplicado a los turistas. Este artículo propone medidas para extender la red de recorridos turísticos y enriquecer la experiencia de los turistas que visitan Salamanca.
Adopción del comercio electrónico en el turismo de nieve y montaña: análisis de la presencia web de las estaciones de esquí a través del Modelo eMICA
Authors: Daries-Ramon Natalia , Cristóbal-Fransi Eduard , Martín-Fuentes Eva , Mariné-Roig Estela
Published: May 2016

El papel de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) en la gestión empresarial constituye actualmente un tema de creciente interés tanto para académicos como para profesionales. La Web 2.0 se ha revelado como una importante fuente de innovación que contribuye al desempeño organizacional y a la mejora de la competitividad de las empresas del sector turístico. A pesar de ello, se han encontrado evidencias que revelan las dificultades para la adopción de estas tecnologías en algunas empresas del sector turístico y su aplicación para un efectivo comercio electrónico. De acuerdo con lo anterior, el objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la implantación y uso de las herramientas de comercio electrónico en las estaciones de esquí de España y Andorra a través de la metodología eMICA (Extended Model of Internet Commerce Adoption), para identificar las oportunidades derivadas del uso de las herramientas Web 2.0 y mejorar las carencias detectadas para conseguir una gestión más competitiva.
Dificultades epistemológicas y técnicas en encuestas a población elusiva: el caso de los turistas residenciales
Authors: Domínguez José Andrés , Aledo Antonio , Roig Merino Bernat
Published: May 2016

Este artículo muestra una variedad de posibles soluciones ante las dificultades que los científicos sociales pueden encontrarse en la investigación cuantitativa con poblaciones elusivas. Estas dificultades son de dos tipos: epistemológicas y técnicas. Desde el punto de vista epistemológico, se subraya la necesidad de adaptación de la investigación a las características de la población objeto de estudio, pues la elusividad de la población no puede considerarse un obstáculo insalvable. Esta flexibilidad se muestra más constructiva, en términos de consecución de objetivos de investigación, que un posicionamiento más rígido o tradicional, más apegado a modelos preestablecidos. Desde el punto de vista técnico, se muestran las soluciones ante cada dificultad encontrada en el curso de un estudio de caso: la población turístico-residencial del destino Costa Blanca en el Levante español. Estas soluciones se demuestran, finalmente, como adecuadas, al contrastar los resultados con encuestas oficiales tipo panel realizadas de forma tradicional en origen.
Evolución y etapas del desarrollo turístico en la provincia de Córdoba, Argentina: ¿Cuán lejos está el ideal del turismo sustentable?
Authors: Perona B. Eugenia , Molina Efraín V.
Published: May 2016

El artículo analiza la situación actual del turismo en la provincia de Córdoba, Argentina, tomando como marco de referencia distintos modelos de etapas de desarrollo. Primero, se argumenta que la fase de desarrollo actual afecta de manera significativa la evolución futura del sector, especialmente en lo que respecta a la posibilidad de alcanzar un turismo sustentable. Segundo, se demuestra que a pesar del sostenido crecimiento experimentado por la actividad turística en Córdoba durante la última década, ésta presenta numerosos signos compatibles con una fase extractiva de desarrollo.
Redes empresariales en el sector turismo y servicios para la mejora de competitividad en Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, México: caso Parque Central Hermanos Escobar y PYMES aledañas
Authors: Urrutia de la Garza Jesús Alberto , Cuevas Contreras Tomás Jesús
Published: May 2016

La presente investigación, muestra la cooperación y relación que existe entre las pequeñas y medianas empresas (Pymes) del sector turismo y servicios circunvecinos al Parque Central Hermanos Escobar (PCHE) en Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua (CJS), y su colaboración con este último. Se destacan las relaciones derivadas entre empresas y actores de la zona bajo el marco de la competitividad. En los resultados se presenta la red informal existente, así como la red que se generaría si estas empresas trabajaran bajo condiciones de cooperación, coordinación e intercambio de información y clientes entre los actores involucrados. También, se destaca la iniciativa empresarial para la creación de una red que formalice las relaciones, pero una falta de liderazgo para dirigirla, así como un distanciamiento con el gobierno. Sin embargo, se perciben oportunidades para potenciar las capacidades de aprendizaje e innovación, la reproducción de iniciativas empresariales exitosas y la conformación de redes.
Symbolically burying the six million: post-war soap burial in Romania, Bulgaria and Brazil
Authors: Neander Joachim
Published: May 2016

During the Second World War and its aftermath, the legend was spread that the Germans
turned the bodies of Holocaust victims into soap stamped with the initials RIF, falsely
interpreted as made from pure Jewish fat. In the years following liberation, RIF soap was
solemnly buried in cemeteries all over the world and came to symbolise the six million
killed in the Shoah, publicly showing the determination of Jewry to never forget the
victims. This article will examine the funerals that started in Bulgaria and then
attracted several thousand mourners in Brazil and Romania, attended by prominent public
personalities and receiving widespread media coverage at home and abroad. In 1990 Yad
Vashem laid the Jewish soap legend to rest, and today tombstones over soap graves are
falling into decay with new ones avoiding the word soap. RIF soap, however, is alive in
the virtual world of the Internet and remains fiercely disputed between believers and
deniers.
Excesso de peso em usuários de unidades básicas de saúde
Authors: Silva Eduardo Alves da , Silva Rebeca Lima e , Conceição Romilda Pereira da , Zinhani Daniela Queiroz , Salgueiro Marcia Maria Hernandes de Abreu de Oliveira
Published: May 2016

Introdução: O conhecimento sobre estado nutricional da população norteia o estabelecimento de políticas públicas em saúde. Objetivo: Avaliar o estado nutricional e as características sociodemográficas de usuários das unidades básicas de saúde (UBSs) de Carapicuíba, São Paulo. Métodos: Estudo transversal com 384 adultos distribuídos em 13 UBSs do município. Foram coletados dados quanto a idade, gênero, escolaridade, informações para a classificação econômica, estado civil, circunferência da cintura (CC), peso e estatura para cálculo do índice de massa corporal (IMC). Resultados: A idade média foi de 40,18+10,51 anos, houve maior prevalência de indivíduos casados (60,36%), de classe social C (64,71%) e com ensino médio completo (48,08%). O IMC médio foi 28,42 kg/m², e a CC, de 94,09 cm. Observa-se que 31,97% estão em sobrepeso e 37,85% são obesos. Quanto à CC, 16,11% apresentam risco aumentado e 64,2% risco aumentado substancialmente para doença metabólica. As mulheres casadas possuem IMC (p=0,0054) e CC (p=0,0279) maiores que as mulheres solteiras. Mulheres têm CC maior que os homens (p<0,0001). Homens de classes A e B têm CC maior que homens de classe C e D (p=0,0027). Não houve associação entre a escolaridade e o IMC e a CC entre as mulheres nem entre os homens (p>0,05). Conclusão: O excesso de peso foi encontrado com frequência em todos os grupos de renda. As mulheres casadas apresentaram IMC e CC maiores que as solteiras. Os homens de classe econômica alta têm CC maior que os de classe baixa.
Síndrome de Fanconi induzida pelo uso de Tenofovir em pessoa coinfectada HIV-Hepatite B multirresistente
Authors: Planello Jéssica Freitas , Marcelino Daniela Chinelato , Cypriani Rafael , Souto Bernardino Geraldo Alves
Published: May 2016

Introdução: A coinfecção vírus da Hepatite B-vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV-HBV) é comum e o Tenofovir (TDF) é droga de eleição porque age contra os dois vírus ao mesmo tempo. Porém, em cerca de 1% dos casos pode induzir Síndrome de Fanconi (SF), levando à insuficiência renal. Relato do caso: Em um homem coinfectado HIV-HBV, com a replicação do HIV controlada, o vírus da Hepatite B foi resistente a todos os fármacos disponíveis, exceto ao TDF. Vinte e dois meses após tratamento antirretroviral composto com esse medicamento, o qual controlou a replicação dos dois vírus ao mesmo tempo, desenvolveu insuficiência renal com perda de solutos reabsorvíveis em túbulo contornado proximal, diagnosticada como SF induzida por TDF. Diante do dilema de suspender o TDF para preservar o rim e permitir a replicação do HBV, ou manter o TDF para preservar o fígado e aceitar a degeneração renal, optouse por balancear o tratamento segundo o melhor equilíbrio possível entre a replicação do HBV e a preservação do rim, ajustando-se a posologia dos medicamentos de acordo com os indicadores clínicos e laboratoriais do risco hepático e do funcionamento renal. Conclusão: A única possibilidade terapêutica disponível atualmente para pessoas coinfectadas HIV-HBV multirresistente que desenvolvem insuficiência renal por TDF consiste no ajuste da dose do TDF segundo o clearance de creatinina, no tratamento sintomático, na reposição de perdas urinárias com repercussão metabólica e no monitoramento clínico e laboratorial da infecção pelo HIV, da Hepatite B, da insuficiência renal e da remodelação óssea.
Composition of thin Ta2O5 films deposited by different methods and the effect of humidity on their resistive switching behavior
Authors: Mannequin Cedric , Tsuruoka Tohru , Hasegawa Tsuyoshi , Aono Masakazu
Published: May 2016

The resistive switching behavior of Cu/Ta2O5/Pt atomic switches, in which the Ta2O5 film was deposited by electron-beam (EB) evaporation and radio-frequency sputtering (SP), was investigated under different relative humidity (RH) levels. Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements revealed that both films possess the oxygen-rich composition and higher water absorption capability of EB films. The Cu/Ta2O5-SP/Pt cell showed a stable, nonvolatile switching behavior in the observed RH range, whereas the Cu/Ta2O5-EB/Pt cell exhibited a similar behavior up to 50% RH, but altered from nonvolatile to volatile switching at higher RH levels. The observed volatile switching behavior of the Cu/Ta2O5-EB/Pt cell can be explained by increased ion migration, assisted by absorbed water and/or proton conduction in hydrated environments. The results indicate that the water uptake ability of the matrix film plays a crucial role in determining the resistive switching behavior of oxide-based atomic switches.
Humidity effects on the redox reactions and ionic transport in a Cu/Ta2O5/Pt atomic switch structure
Authors: Tsuruoka Tohru , Valov Ilia , Mannequin Cedric , Hasegawa Tsuyoshi , Waser Rainer , Aono Masakazu
Published: May 2016

Redox reactions at the Cu/Ta2O5 interface and subsequent Cu ion transport in a Ta2O5 film have been investigated by means of cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements. Under positive bias to the Cu electrode, Cu is preferentially oxidized to Cu2+ and then to Cu+. Subsequent negative bias causes a reduction of the oxidized Cu ions at the interface. It was found that CV curves change drastically with varied relative humidity levels from 5 to 85%. At higher humidity levels, the ion concentrations and diffusion coefficients, estimated from the CV curves, suggest increased redox reaction rates and a significant contribution of proton conduction to the ionic transport. The results indicate that the redox reactions of moisture are rate-limiting and highlight the importance of water uptake by the matrix oxide film in understanding and controlling the resistive switching behavior of oxide-based atomic switches.
Effects of African dust deposition on phytoplankton in the western tropical Atlantic Ocean off Barbados
Authors: Chien Chia‐Te , Mackey Katherine R. M. , Dutkiewicz Stephanie , Mahowald Natalie M. , Prospero Joseph M. , Paytan Adina
Published: May 2016

Bioassay incubation experiments conducted with nutrients and local atmospheric aerosol amendments indicate that phosphorus (P) availability limited phytoplankton growth in the low‐nutrient low‐chlorophyll (LNLC) ocean off Barbados. Atmospheric deposition provides a relatively large influx of new nutrients and trace metals to the surface ocean in this region in comparison to other nutrient sources. However, the impact on native phytoplankton is muted due to the high ratio of nitrogen (N) to P (NO3:SRP > 40) and the low P solubility of these aerosols. Atmospheric deposition induces P limitation in this LNLC region by adding more N and iron (Fe) relative to P. This favors the growth of Prochlorococcus, a genus characterized by low P requirements and highly efficient P acquisition mechanisms. A global three‐dimensional marine ecosystem model that includes species‐specific phytoplankton elemental quotas/stoichiometry and the atmospheric deposition of N, P, and Fe supports this conclusion. Future increases in aerosol N loading may therefore influence phytoplankton community structure in other LNLC areas, thereby affecting the biological pump and associated carbon sequestration.
Occurrence and characteristics of nighttime ULF waves at low latitude: The results of a comprehensive analysis
Authors: Villante Umberto , Tiberi Pietro
Published: May 2016

The occurrence and characteristics of ULF events (f ≈ 10–100 mHz) detected during the night at low latitude (L'Aquila, Italy, λ ≈ 36.3°), during quiet and moderately perturbed magnetospheric conditions, have been examined by means of a long‐term analysis between 1996 and 2012. Clearly defined events (≈8000 on each component) are typically more energetic in H than in D and basically consist of penetrating upstream waves, resonances of local field lines, and Pi2 waves. The global event occurrence shows a strong asymmetry about midnight, with a much higher wave activity before dawn than after dusk: it mostly comes from the intense penetration of upstream waves through the dawn flank of the magnetopause. D events are more frequent in summer and H events more frequent in winter, suggesting a different influence of the ionospheric modification of the downgoing signals. Between f ≈ 30 and 45 mHz, the reversal of the dominant polarization across midnight reveals tailward propagation of penetrating waves. Below f ≈ 25 mHz, intermingled with continuous Pc3 and Pc4 waves, a large fraction of events exhibit Pi2 characteristics: the dominant left‐handed polarization and the switch of the tilt angle of the major axis of the polarization ellipses are consistent with the pattern expected for waves related to the substorm current wedge. A relevant percentage of the power spectra shows a second enhancement above f ≈ 55 mHz, revealing resonance of local field lines also during the night.
Detecting significant decreasing trends of land surface soil moisture in eastern China during the past three decades (1979–2010)
Authors: Chen Xiuzhi , Su Yongxian , Liao Jishan , Shang Jiali , Dong Taifeng , Wang Chongyang , Liu Wei , Zhou Guoyi , Liu Liyang
Published: May 2016

Understanding the historical trends and driving mechanism of China's soil moisture change is an important step in combating climate change. Using the time series satellite‐derived Essential Climate Variable Soil Moisture (ECV_SM) product, we detected a significant decrease trend in land surface soil moisture in eastern China over a 32 year period (1979–2010). Theoretical sensitivity analysis suggested that soil moisture is regulated collectively by precipitation (P), potential evapotranspiration (PET), land surface conditions such as land cover/use changes, landscape features, irrigation and urban expansion, (m), and the water balance between input and output water supplies O (the input water supplies minus the output). The change in spatial pattern and temporal trend of P/PET is highly consistent with the corresponding change in soil moisture. The magnitude of soil moisture variation is also well correlated with that of P/PET (R2 = 0.43; p < 0.001). Therefore, P/PET is believed to be the dominant factor in determining the temporal trends of soil moisture change. Among the 29 drainage basins with significant decreasing trend of soil moisture change, the areas of forest cover increased by 36.08% and the average topographic slope was twice steeper than that of other regions. Therefore, besides the climate factor (P/PET variable), land surface conditions (such as land cover changes and topographic) also played important roles in regulating the trend of regional soil moisture change.
Stratospheric age of air variations between 1600 and 2100
Authors: Muthers S. , Kuchar A. , Stenke A. , Schmitt J. , Anet J. G. , Raible C. C. , Stocker T. F.
Published: May 2016

The current understanding of preindustrial stratospheric age of air (AoA), its variability, and the potential natural forcing imprint on AoA is very limited. Here we assess the influence of natural and anthropogenic forcings on AoA using ensemble simulations for the period 1600 to 2100 and sensitivity simulations for different forcings. The results show that from 1900 to 2100, CO2 and ozone‐depleting substances are the dominant drivers of AoA variability. With respect to natural forcings, volcanic eruptions cause the largest AoA variations on time scales of several years, reducing the age in the middle and upper stratosphere and increasing the age below. The effect of the solar forcing on AoA is small and dominated by multidecadal total solar irradiance variations, which correlate negatively with AoA. Additionally, a very weak positive relationship driven by ultraviolett variations is found, which is dominant for the 11 year cycle of solar variability.
Toward reconciling the influence of atmospheric aerosols and greenhouse gases on light precipitation changes in Eastern China
Authors: Wang Yuan , Ma Po‐Lun , Jiang Jonathan H. , Su Hui , Rasch Philip J.
Published: May 2016

The attribution of the observed shift in precipitation extremes to different forcing agents represents a critical issue for understanding changes in the hydrological cycle. To compare the effects of aerosols and greenhouse gases on the historical trends of precipitation intensity, we have performed the National Center for Atmospheric Research/Department of Energy Community Atmosphere Model version 5.3 (CAM5) model simulations from 1950 to 2005 driven by observed sea surface temperature and sea ice with and without anthropogenic aerosol forcings. Precipitation rates at every model time step in CAM5 are used to construct precipitation intensity probability distribution functions. We found that the accumulation of greenhouse gases is responsible for the shifts in precipitation intensity on the global scale. However, in Eastern China, dramatic increases in anthropogenic aerosols appear to account for most of the observed light precipitation suppression since 1950s. Under the warming climate induced by greenhouse gases, the enhanced ascending motions primarily lead to the decreases in light precipitation frequency and increases in moderate and heavy precipitation frequencies over the tropics, but there is no significant change in ascending motions in Eastern China only due to the greenhouse gas forcing. By modifying cloud microphysical properties and warm rain processes, aerosol microphysical effects dominate over aerosol radiative effects in determining the historical trend of precipitation intensity distribution in Eastern China.
Variability of the nitric oxide nightglow at Venus during solar minimum
Authors: Royer E. M. , Montmessin F. , Marcq E.
Published: May 2016

We present results from a NO airglow inversion method based on Venus Express data acquired from 2006 to 2010, during the last solar minimum period. We retrieve an altitude of 114 ± 10 km for the emission peak of the NO layer, with an associated scale height of 20 ± 10 km and an average limb brightness of 59.3 kR with a standard deviation of 63 kR. The inversion method allows for the quantification of the horizontal homogeneity of the NO layer. Images of the SPICAV field of view show a great variability of airglow morphologies, with NO layers that can be horizontally homogenous and continuous over distances exceeding 100 km, as well as sporadic patches of NO on a smaller horizontal scale. Frequent secondary emissions seen at lower tangent altitudes are the signatures of the complex dynamics of the upper Venusian atmosphere.
Reply to comment by Schottler et al. on “Climate and agricultural land use change impacts on streamflow in the upper midwestern United States”
Authors: Gupta Satish C. , Kessler Andrew C. , Brown Melinda K. , Schuh William M.
Published: May 2016

In their comments, Schottler et al. (doi:10.1002/2015WR018482) raised concerns about our technique for deciphering climate and land use land cover (LULC) change impacts on streamflow in the upper Midwestern United States. In this reply, we further explain the underpinnings of our statistical technique and point out criticism on the procedures that Schottler et al. (doi:10.1002/2015WR018482; doi:10.1002/hyp.9738) used in their comment.
Counterintuitive Role of Magnesium Salts as Effective Electrolyte Additives for High Voltage Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wagner Ralf , Streipert Benjamin , Kraft Vadim , Reyes Jiménez Antonia , Röser Stephan , Kasnatscheew Johannes , Gallus Dennis Roman , Börner Markus , Mayer Christoph , Arlinghaus Heinrich Franz , Korth Martin , Amereller Marius , Cekic‐Laskovic Isidora , Winter Martin
Published: May 2016

Further development of high voltage lithium‐ion batteries requires electrolyte formulations stable against oxidation or measures to generate a protective cathode/electrolyte interface (CEI) film. In the frame of this work, the actually counterintuitive concept of using metal ions as electrolyte additives to stabilize the CEI has proven to be successful. The addition of 1 wt% magnesium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (Mg(TFSI)2) as electrolyte additive to a conventional LiPF6/organic carbonate electrolyte suppresses the oxidative decomposition of the bulk electrolyte as displayed in improved capacity retention, increased Coulombic efficiencies, and reduced self‐discharge of LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 (NMC111)/Li half cells charged to the elevated upper cutoff potential of 4.6 V versus Li/Li+ at 20 °C. Moreover, the addition of Mg(TFSI)2 shows no adverse effect on the cycling performance of graphite anodes, as observed by good long‐term cycling results of NMC111/graphite full cells. Ex situ analysis via X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, and electron energy loss spectroscopy of the harvested NMC111 electrodes after cycling indicate that the addition of Mg2+ ions leads to the formation of a CEI layer as a result of an increased hydrolysis reaction of the PF6
– anion.
Enhancement in Mechanical, Thermal, and Dielectric Properties of Functionalized Graphene Oxide Reinforced Epoxy Composites
Authors: Suresh Kumar S. M. , Subramanian K.
Published: May 2016

The present work has the objective of fabricating graphene oxide (GO) and amine‐functionalized graphene oxide (F‐GO) reinforced epoxy composites using the casting method. Epoxy resin was dispersed separately with GO (0.5 wt%) and F‐GO (0.5 and 1 wt%), and then the epoxy resin mixture cured with triethylenetetraamine at room temperature. The synthesized GO and F‐GO were characterized by FT‐IR and Raman spectroscopy. The interfacial interaction of Si in the composite was studied by XPS. The formation of GO and F‐GO was confirmed by XRD. The tensile and flexural strength composites were measured using the UTM. The thermal behavior and dynamic mechanical behavior were examined by TGA and DMA. The surface morphology and dielectrical properties were analyzed by SEM, TEM, and impedance analyses. The results obtained from epoxy/F‐GO (0.5 wt%) composite revealed higher mechanical and thermal properties than neat epoxy and epoxy/GO composites.
CoNi2S4‐Graphene‐2D‐MoSe2 as an Advanced Electrode Material for Supercapacitors
Authors: Shen Jianfeng , Wu Jingjie , Pei Liyuan , Rodrigues Marco‐Tulio F. , Zhang ZhuQing , Zhang Fangfang , Zhang Xiang , Ajayan Pulickel M. , Ye Mingxin
Published: May 2016

3D CoNi2S4‐graphene‐2D‐MoSe2 (CoNi2S4‐G‐MoSe2) nanocomposite is designed and prepared using a facile ultrasonication and hydrothermal method for supercapacitor (SC) applications. Because of the novel nanocomposite structures and resultant maximized synergistic effect among ultrathin MoSe2 nanosheets, highly conductive graphene and CoNi2S4 nanoparticles, the electrode exhibits rapid electron and ion transport rate and large electroactive surface area, resulting in its amazing electrochemical properties. The CoNi2S4‐G‐MoSe2 electrode demonstrates a maximum specific capacitance of 1141 F g−1, with capacitance retention of ≈108% after 2000 cycles at a high charge–discharge current density of 20 A g−1. As to its symmetric device, 109 F g−1 at a scan rate of 5 mV s−1 is exhibited. This pioneering work should be helpful in enhancing the capacitive performance of SC materials by designing nanostructures with efficient synergetic effects.
KCNK9 imprinting syndrome—further delineation of a possible treatable disorder
Authors: Graham John M. , Zadeh Neda , Kelley Melissa , Tan Ee Shien , Liew Wendy , Tan Victoria , Deardorff Matthew A. , Wilson Golder N. , Sagi‐Dain Lena , Shalev Stavit A.
Published: May 2016

Patients with KCNK9 imprinting syndrome demonstrate congenital hypotonia, variable cleft palate, normal MRIs and EEGs, delayed development, and feeding problems. Associated facial dysmorphic features include dolichocephaly with bitemporal narrowing, short philtrum, tented upper lip, palatal abnormalities, and small mandible. This disorder maps to chromosomal region 8q24, and it is caused by a specific missense mutation 770G>A in exon 2, replacing glycine at position 236 by arginine (G236R) in the maternal copy of KCNK9 within this locus. KCNK9 (also called TASK3) encodes a member of the two pore‐ domain potassium channel (K2P) subfamily. This gene is normally imprinted with paternal silencing, thus a mutation in the maternal copy of the gene will result in disease, whereas a mutation in the paternal copy will have no effect. Exome sequencing in four new patients with developmental delay and central hypotonia revealed de novo G236R mutations. Older members of a previously reported Arab–Israeli family have intellectual disability of variable severity, persistent feeding difficulties in infancy with dysphagia of liquids and dysphonia with a muffled voice in early adulthood, generalized hypotonia, weakness of proximal muscles, elongated face with narrow bitemporal diameter, and reduced facial movements. We describe the clinical features in four recently recognized younger patients and compare them with those found in members of the originally reported Arab–Israeli family and suggest this may be a treatable disorder. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Phylogeny of the titi monkeys of theCallicebus molochgroup (Pitheciidae, Primates)
Authors: Carneiro Jeferson , De Sousa E Silva José , Sampaio Iracilda , Pissinatti Alcides , Hrbek Tomas , Rezende Messias Mariluce , Rohe Fabio , Farias Izeni , Boubli Jean , Schneider Horacio
Published: May 2016

Callicebusis a Neotropical primate genus of the family Pitheciidae, which currently comprises 34 recognized species. Based on their morphological traits and geographic distribution, these species are currently assigned to five groups: theC. moloch,C. cupreus,C. donacophilus,C. torquatus, andC. personatusgroups, although in the past, alternative arrangements have been proposed based on the analysis of morphological data. The principal disagreements among these arrangements are related to the composition of theC. molochgroup. In the present study, we tested the different taxonomic proposals for theC. molochgroup, based on the molecular analysis of nuclear markers (Aluinsertions and flanking regions) and three mitochondrial genes (16S, COI, and Cytb), with a total of approximately 7 kb of DNA sequence data. Phylogenetic reconstructions based on maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods indicated that the species of the currentC. cupreusgroup should be reintegrated into theC. molochgroup. In addition, our results corroborated previous studies suggesting that the species of the currentC. personatusgroup form a distinct species group. We also observed a relatively subtle level of divergence betweenC. dubiusandC. caligatus. While the known diversity ofCallicebusis considerable, these findings indicate that the relationships among groups and species may still not be completely understood, highlighting the need for further research into the biological, geographic, and genetic variability of these primates, which will be fundamental to the effective conservation of the genus. Am. J. Primatol. 78:904–913, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Polyelectrolytes with tetrazole pendant groups useful in the stabilization of Au and Ag nanoparticles
Authors: Caldera‐Villalobos M. , Herrera‐González Ana M. , García‐Serrano J. , Martins‐Alho M. A. , Montalvo‐Sierra M. I.
Published: May 2016

Stabilization of metallic nanoparticles is a challenge of enormous dimensions because the nanosize nanoparticles are not stable by themselves and therefore they tend to coalesce, forming large agglomerates causing the loss of the properties of individual nanoparticles. In this work, we report the synthesis of polyelectrolytes with tetrazole groups useful as stabilizing agents of Au and Ag nanoparticles. The polyelectrolytes with tetrazole groups were synthetized from the appropriate starting materials with nitrile groups, which were successfully converted to the corresponding 1H‐tetrazole rings using 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition with ammonium azide. These new materials were characterized by NMR and FT‐IR techniques and they were used for the stabilization of Au and Ag colloidal nanoparticles at room temperature, using sodium borohydride as reducing agent. Formation and stabilization processes of the nanoparticles were monitored by UV‐vis spectroscopy. Shape and size of nanoparticles were studied by TEM. The polyelectrolytes with tetrazole pendant group are suitable materials for synthesis and stabilization of gold nanoparticles, obtaining average sizes lower than 10 nm. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43773.
LC–MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of serum p‐cresyl sulfate and indoxyl sulfate in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis
Authors: Shu Chang , Chen Xujiao , Xia Tianyi , Zhang Feng , Gao Shouhong , Chen Wansheng
Published: May 2016

p‐Cresol sulfate (pCS) and indoxyl sulfate (IS) are protein‐bound uremic toxins that accumulate in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). They are closely associated with the mortality rate of CKD and morbidity of cardiovascular disease. In the present study, we established a rapid method for determination of pCS and IS by HPLC‐MS/MS in serum samples from 205 CKD patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. In brief, serum was extracted by acetonitrile and spiked with hydrochlorothiazide. The prepared sample was eluted through HPLC column (Agilent Zorbax SB‐C18, 3.5 μm, 2.1 × 100 mm) with a mobile phase of acetonitrile and 10 mm ammonium acetate solution (10:90, v/v) for subsequent detection of pCS and IS by MS/MS. The linearity ranged from 50 to 10,000 ng/mL for pCS (r > 0.99), and from 500 to 10,000 ng/mL for IS (r > 0.99). The lower limit of quantification was 50 ng/mL for pCS, and 500 ng/mL for IS. Relative standard deviation (RSD) of intra‐ and inter‐day precision was within ±15%. The results showed that pCS and IS levels were partially correlated with renal function in CKD patients, and IS was directly related to serum creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate.