bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Innovative Approach of Generative AI for Automating Technical Bid Evaluations in Oil Companies
Authors: Abdelaziem O. E. , Khafagy A. Nasser , Yehia T. A.
Published: October 2024

The process of outlining a scope of work and evaluating technical bids in the oil and gas industry is commonly burdensome, labor-intensive, and susceptible to human bias. This paper introduces an AI-assistant chatbot based on the power of open-source large language models (LLMs), natural language processing (NLP), and data analytics, to aid in automating the entire workflow of technical tendering processes, facilitating an improved decision support system (DSS), and mitigating potential subjectivity.

The workflow starts with loading documents in the format of scanned PDF files. Firstly, data was extracted using optical character recognition (OCR), and text mining techniques. Secondly, Langchain was implemented to optimally split the document into chunks with adequate overlapping. Thirdly, embeddings were created using sentence transformers, and a vector store was constructed. After that, LlaMa model, was optimized and employed to query the vector store efficiently. Then, retrieval augmented generative (RAG) query engines were used to retrieve the matching documents and generate the final answer. Finally, a chat memory buffer was incorporated to maintain context and initialize a chatbot.

Implementing LLM in the tendering process has proven promising for reviewing and ranking the technical data of the submitted bids based on pre-defined criteria. However, it was shown that extracting tabulated data effectively from scanned documents is challenging. Consequently, it was essential to pre-process documents and extract tables into structured databases before querying them. In addition, model augmentation was employed to avoid hallucination and enhance the model reasoning and capability of identifying pass and fail criteria, nonetheless, human feedback is required to assess satisfying performance. Recall-Oriented Understudy for Gisting Evaluation (ROUGE) was found valuable to expedite the comparison between the submitted data in technical tables and the detailed data sheets. Furthermore, LLM was found effective in accelerating the process of market survey comparison, by retrieving and comparing prices and conditions of different documents. Moreover, supervised fine-tuning (SFT) was implemented to improve the model's capacity to compare clauses of the scope of work along with terms and conditions across different contracts, in order to discern major inherent differences and reduce potential bias in the future. This enhancement was configured through quantized low-rank adaptation (QLoRA) and parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT).

This paper presented a novel approach, which integrated LLMs into procurement information development systems, automating multiple tasks in the tendering process in the oil and gas upstream industry. This is the first time that such an application has been applied to the oil industry, which shall provide a foundation for future research.
Novel Dual Porosity Simulation Workflow and Solutions for the 3D Fracture Modeling
Authors: Hammam M. , Soliman K.
Published: October 2024

Naturally fractured reservoirs represent more than 50% of reservoirs and contribute in a large extent to the worldwide production of oil and gas (more than 60% of the world's proven oil reserves and 40% of the world's gas reserves). These reservoirs exhibit significant heterogeneity, featuring intricate networks of multiple fracture families with varying spatial distribution and conductivity. Conducting and performing reservoir studies on these naturally fractured systems are challenging tasks because they present an extreme property contrast between the two domains it comprises: rock matrix and fractures.

The process of 3D fracture modeling involves multiple disciplines and steps within reservoir characterization and simulation. Its core objective is to build on geological concepts and collect data, including interpreting beds, faults, and fractures from image log data, using field outcrop studies as conceptual analogs, and utilizing seismic attributes as fracture drivers. Given the complexity of these heterogeneous systems and the involvement of various disciplines, workflow and solutions reference for the fracture modeling can uniquely guide teams, enhance knowledge, and improve work efficiency. Hence, the value for this paper comes in the absence of handed reach educational reference.

In this work, an integrated sequential workflow for 3D fracture modeling is presented. This workflow identifies the necessary data and its analysis that needed in building the model. It begins with creating the fracture intensity to construct a Discrete Fracture Network (DFN) and then generates upscale fracture properties based on the DFN model to develop the dual porosity simulation model.

This paper provides a detailed practical workflow reference for the fracture modeling for every researcher. In addition, the study was aiming to enhance knowledge and work efficiency to increase the integration and dependencies awareness between different disciplines.
Intra-Disciplinary Data Integration to Reduce Subsurface Uncertainty, Oligocene Reservoir Delineation and Characterization; Atoll Field, Offshore Nile Delta
Authors: Ismail I. M. , Youseif M. M. , Hassan M. G. , Attya M. , Ali Rushdy
Published: October 2024

Subsurface uncertainty related to data challenges is one of the main obstacles faces both frontier basins exploration, and mature fields early production. This technical piece of work offers a case study on how geological well data integration can tackle the data limitations and its subsequent uncertainty in both exploration and development aspects of a large gas field producing more than 60% of PhPC's gas and showing remarkable exploration potential, Atoll field still one of the game changers gas discoveries that unlocked Oligocene reservoir systems offshore Nile Delta over the last decade.

As the first Oligocene producing field in the off-shore East Nile Delta, Atoll field is of significant high potentiality, but combined with several subsurface ambiguities and uncertainties. Due to the initial poor seismic image, limited acquired well data from few well penetrations, in addition to the complex heterogeneous nature of turbidities reservoir systems; Reservoir delineation and characterization are true challenges reflected in understanding controls on GIIP, connectivity, reservoir geometries, quality and productivity. Those challenges have been tackled successfully through the early production scheme phase of the field and hence continues to support further field development and reservoir management decisions.

Integrated with the recently acquired high end seismic acquisition technology of (Ocean bottom nodes) OBN; Cutting samples discerption, thin section semi-quantitative analysis, sidewall cores, and well-log data were integrated to extend facies and facies associations interpreted from image log (OBMI) available for one of the wells to the others. That was followed by delineating the depositional cycles and architecture elements throughout the wells. In parallel the scanning electron Microscope (SEM) and X ray diffraction (XRD) analysis from both drilling cuttings and sidewall cores (SWC) were integrated to build the diagenetic model for reservoir quality. The study resulted in solving the ambiguity around the depositional setting in the penetrated area, predictive understanding of the reservoir geometry, thickness, and connectivity. Additionally, uncovered the reasons behind the well's chock plugging during production. Further inter-disciplinary integration is planned to extend/interpolate the crystalized understanding laterally to support Atoll development theme, and vertically to support the Exploration one.
Annual 30-m maps of global grassland class and extent (2000–2022) based on spatiotemporal Machine Learning
Authors: Parente Leandro , Sloat Lindsey , Mesquita Vinicius , Consoli Davide , Stanimirova Radost , Hengl Tomislav , Bonannella Carmelo , Teles Nathália , Wheeler Ichsani , Ehrmann Steffen , Hunter Maria , Ferreira Laerte , Mattos Ana Paula , Oliveira Bernard , Meyer Carsten , Şahin Murat , Witjes Martijn , Fritz Steffen , Malek Žiga , Stolle Fred
Published: October 2024

The paper describes the production and evaluation of global grassland dynamics mapped annually for 2000-2022 at 30~m spatial resolution. The dataset showing the spatiotemporal distribution of cultivated and natural/semi-natural grassland classes was produced by using GLAD Landsat ARD-2 image archive, accompanied by climatic, landform and proximity covariates, spatiotemporal machine learning (per-class Random Forest) and over 2.3M reference samples (visually interpreted in Very High Resolution imagery). Custom probability thresholds (based on five-fold spatial cross-validation) were used to derive dominant class maps with balanced precision and recall values, 0.64 and 0.75 for cultivated and natural/semi-natural grassland, respectively. The produced maps (about 4~TB in size) are available under an open data license as Cloud-Optimized GeoTIFFs and as Google Earth Engine assets. The suggested uses of data include (1) integration with other compatible land cover products and (2) tracking the intensity and drivers of conversion of land to cultivated grasslands and from natural / semi-natural grasslands into other land use systems.
Cellular Dynamics of Cervical Remodelling: Insights from Preterm and Term Labour
Authors: Félix Joana , Matias Alexandra , Bartosch Carla
Published: October 2024

Preterm birth remains a global health challenge with significant perinatal morbidity and mortality rates. Despite extensive research, the underlying mechanisms triggering preterm birth remain elusive, needing a deeper understanding of cervical cellular remodelling processes.
Purpose: This study aims to elucidate the cellular mechanisms underlying cervical remodelling in spontaneous preterm labour (PTL) compared to term labour (TL), focusing on the roles of inflammatory cells and fibroblasts.
Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study from October 2018 to March 2021, at two hospitals. Participants were categorized into two groups: PTL (n=14), TL (n=14). A small set (n=6) of preterm not in labour (PTnotL) was also included. Cervical biopsies were obtained and analyzed for the density of fibroblasts and inflammatory cells (neutrophils and mononuclear cells) using digital image analysis. Statistical analysis was performed employing Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests.
Results: There was no significant overall difference in global inflammatory cell density between PTL and TL (p=0.154). However, a detailed analysis revealed significantly higher inflammation in the exocervix of PTL compared to TL, particularly involving neutrophils (p=0.021) and mononuclear cells (p=0.028). Neutrophils (p=0.035), but not mononuclear cells (p=0.111), were significantly decreased in PTnotL exocervical mucosa compared to PTL. No differences were found in inflammatory cell density in the endocervix. Fibroblast densities were similar across groups.
Conclusion: This study highlights the distinct cellular profiles in the cervix during preterm and term labour, with neutrophils playing a pivotal role in preterm labour. These findings may guide the development of targeted interventions to prevent preterm birth.
Predicting survival in prospective clinical trials using weakly-supervised QSP
Authors: Lemaire Vincent , West Matthew , Yoshida Kenta , Yu Jiajie
Published: October 2024

Quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) models of cancer immunity offer a mechanistic understanding of cellular dynamics and drug effects that are often challenging to investigate clinically. Despite their success, these models are limited by their inability to mechanistically represent patient survival as an output, which restricts their utility in the clinical development of anti-cancer drugs. To address this limitation, we propose a novel approach that links virtual patients, generated from a QSP model, to real patients from clinical trials. Utilizing data from atezolizumab clinical trials in non-small cell lung cancer (N = 1641), our findings demonstrate that tumor-based linkage methods can effectively capture survival outcomes. The linked properties of survival and censoring serve as weak supervision labels, enabling the training of survival models on QSP model covariates alone, without the need for clinical covariates. Furthermore, our approach can predict drug effects on survival for treatments not included in the training datasets. Specifically, we accurately estimated the survival hazard ratio (HR) for two external treatments: a chemotherapy monotherapy arm and an atezolizumab + chemotherapy combination arm. The predicted HR was 0.70 (95% PI 0.55–0.86), closely matching the observed HR of 0.79 (95% PI 0.64–0.98) from the IMpower130 clinical trial.
National genomic profiling of Plasmodium falciparum antimalarial resistance in Zambian children participating in the 2018 Malaria Indicator Survey
Authors: Fola Abebe A. , Ciubotariu Ilinca I. , Dorman Jack , Mwenda Mulenga C. , Mambwe Brenda , Mulube Conceptor , Kasaro Rachael , Hawela Moonga B. , Hamainza Busiku , Miller John M. , Bailey JEFF , Moss William J. , Bridges Daniel J. , Carpi Giovanna
Published: October 2024

The emergence of antimalarial drug resistance is a major threat to malaria control and elimination. Using whole genome sequencing of 282 P. falciparum samples collected during the 2018 Zambia National Malaria Indicator Survey, we determined the prevalence and spatial distribution of known and candidate antimalarial drug resistance mutations. High levels of genotypic resistance were found across Zambia to pyrimethamine, with over 94% (n = 266) of samples having the Pfdhfr triple mutant (N51I, C59R, and S108N), and sulfadoxine, with over 84% (n = 238) having the Pfdhps double mutant (A437G and K540E). In northern Zambia, 5.3% (n = 15) of samples also harbored the Pfdhps A581G mutation. Although 29 mutations were identified in Pfkelch13, these mutations were present at low frequency (< 2.5%), and only three were WHO-validated artemisinin partial resistance mutations: P441L (n = 1, 0.35%), V568M (n = 2, 0.7%) and R622T (n = 1, 0.35%). Notably, 91 (32%) of samples carried the E431K mutation in the Pfatpase6 gene, which is associated with artemisinin resistance. No specimens carried any known mutations associated with chloroquine resistance in the Pfcrt gene (codons 72–76). P. falciparum strains circulating in Zambia were highly resistant to sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine but remained susceptible to chloroquine and artemisinin. Despite this encouraging finding, early genetic signs of developing artemisinin resistance highlight the urgent need for continued vigilance and expanded routine genomic surveillance to monitor these changes.
Comparative analysis of bevacizumab and sorafenib on the survival of retinal ganglion cells in the treatment of retinal diseases
Authors: Choi Wungrak , Choi Jin-ok , Chae Min Kyung , Kim Min Seok , Kim Chan Yun
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the effects of bevacizumab, a common vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitor, in treating ocular neovascular disorders, with a focus on its impact on retinal ganglion cell (RGC) survival. Given that bevacizumab has been associated with adverse effects on RGCs, we aimed to validate these reports, identify an alternative VEGF inhibitor with similar antiangiogenic efficacy but without detrimental effects on RGCs, and explore the underlying mechanisms. Using primary RGCs extracted from neonatal rats and human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs), we compared the efficacy of bevacizumab with other VEGF inhibitors and assessed the apoptotic effects and cell survival pathways influenced by these treatments. Our results showed that while both sorafenib and bevacizumab exhibited potent VEGF-inhibitory effects in HUVECs, sorafenib led to significantly higher RGC survival rates compared to bevacizumab. Western blot analysis indicated that bevacizumab treatment resulted in lower Akt levels than sorafenib, and RNA sequencing revealed that the PI3K/AKT, Ras, and MAPK signaling pathways play crucial roles in RGC viability. These findings suggest that sorafenib may offer a safer and more effective alternative to bevacizumab for treating retinal diseases, with potential implications for the development of safer therapeutic approaches, particularly in conditions like glaucoma.
Variations in how medical researchers report variables in risk scores or models to predict prognosis of patients after percutaneous coronary intervention: a retrospective analysis of published articles
Authors: Zhao Hong-Liang , Shi Jing , Qi Guo-Qing , Zheng Ming-Qi , Liu Gang
Published: October 2024

Background: The use of risk variables in prognostic risk scores/models to evaluate patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has been a controversial topic in medical literature. We therefore analyzed variations in risk scores/model variables to assess the prognosis of patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in detail.
Methods: Articles were included from inception to December 2023 in PubMed/MEDLINE database using a combination of key words "Risk score" or "Risk model" AND "Percutaneous coronary intervention" (n=822). All English-language articles involving risk scores or models for assessment of patient prognosis after PCI were retained (n=183). We collected information on the extracted risk scores/models for patients after PCI (n=138) from the included articles and analyzed the variation variables in the relevant risk scores/models in detail.
Results: Among the risk scores/models, age, kidney function index, ACS presentation, diabetes, LVEF, culprit coronary artery, heart failure, SBP, heart rate, and sex were the top ten variables used. There were statistically significant differences in the use of variables such as kidney function index (χ2=6.995, P=0.008), ACS presentation (χ2=9.611, P=0.002), culprit coronary artery (χ2=3.937, P=0.047), SBP (χ2=10.556, P=0.001), heart rate (χ2=10.704, P=0.001), and ST-segment deviation (χ2=11.489, P=0.001) between Caucasian participants (n=74) and non-Caucasian participants (n=58).
Conclusions: in the risk scores/models for prognostic assessment after PCI. When constructing scores/models, the variable selection should fully consider the ethnic background of the study population.
Effects of the novel elbow joint torque measurement device assessing elbow joint movements in healthy subjects and stroke patients: a randomized crossover trial
Authors: Xu Qingqin , Hu Mengxuan , Li Lei , Chen Shi , Liu Bo , Lu Jianwei , Chen Hemu
Published: October 2024

Current clinical practice lacks quantitative assessment methods for elbow joint movements. In response to existing research limitations, this study introduces the innovative elbow joint torque measurement device (EJTMD), which concurrently measures muscle strength and active range of motion (AROM) using multi-source sensing detection technology. Healthy subjects (n=22) and stroke patients (n=22) were recruited in this randomized crossover study. Each participant underwent two measurement methods: EJTMD or traditional tools like a protractor and muscle strength tester. Participants were randomly allocated to EJTMD ﬁrst or traditional tools ﬁrst. The efficacy of EJTMD was assessed by comparing muscle strength and AROM with traditional tools. Integrated EMG (iEMG) and root mean square (RMS) were utilized to analyze outcomes during elbow movements. The peak torque (PT) and peak torque/body weight (PT/BW) were examined to explore the differences in mechanical characteristics of bilateral elbow joints. Motor evoked potentials (MEP) and central motor conduction time (CMCT) were employed to investigate potential mechanisms of underlying motor discrepancies post-stroke. EJTMD demonstrates superior muscle strength, AROM, iEMS, and RMS during elbow movements compared to traditional tools (P<0.05). Repeated EJTMD measurement outcomes have a good correlation on the same day (r≥0.999, P<0.001). EJTMD exhibits a statistic difference in measurement outcomes pre- and post-treatment among stroke patients than traditional tools (P<0.05). Stroke patients reveal weaker PT and PT/BW on the lesion side during low-speed testing (P<0.05). Stroke patients show decreased iEMS and RMS on the affected side during elbow movements (P<0.05), with prolonged MEP latency and CMCT (P<0.001), and reduced MEP amplitude (P<0.001). Based on the results, EJTMD demonstrates reliability and effectiveness in elbow movements for healthy subjects and stroke patients, showing sensitivity to minor joint changes. Stroke patients have decreased flexor and extensor function on the lesion side, potentially due to blocked corticospinal tract conduction.
"It's like going through life at a mediocre level". A qualitative study of the meaning and impact of fatigue in children and young people with sickle cell disease
Authors: Poku Brenda Agyeiwaa , Atkin Karl Michael , Grainger John David , Thomas Iyamide , Oshinbolu Rachael , Mohammed Abubakar , Kyewalyanga Edith , Kirk Susan
Published: October 2024

Background
Fatigue is increasingly recognised as a prevalent and debilitating symptom for young people (YP) with long-term conditions (LTCs), significantly affecting their family, social and educational participation. In sickle cell disease (SCD), fatigue is the most frequently reported symptom, surpassing pain related to vaso-occlusion. However, understanding of fatigue’s nature and impact on YP with SCD remains limited. This qualitative study explores the meaning and consequences of fatigue for YP with SCD to inform services and treatments.
Methods
This exploratory research interviewed 12 YP with SCD aged 12–23 years, five parents and ten healthcare professionals across England. Participants were recruited through convenience sampling from an NHS Trust, SCD-focused charities and social media. Data were generated using audio-recorded online semi-structured or art-elicitation interviews. Interviews were transcribed and analysed using coding, constant comparison and thematic categorisation to identify key themes.
Results
Six thematic categories were constructed from the data: (1) constant state of reduced energy, (2) the daily struggle, (3) the invisibility of fatigue, (4) being socially isolated, (5) managing fatigue, and (6) the future while negotiating fatigue. SCD fatigue was seen as a persistent, inescapable daily struggle, with reduced energy for day-to-day activities. This was often unnoticed or misunderstood by others. It hindered YP's daily routines, caused frequent school absences, reduced social participation, and promoted social exclusion. To meet social expectations and avoid stigma, YP described constantly pushing themselves to conceal their fatigue, exacerbating their difficulties with SCD. Fatigue was invisible in clinical settings, leading to a lack of standardised/formalised support and increasing uncertainties and precarity about the future. YP and parents employed energy economisation and recharging strategies to cope with and control fatigue.
Conclusions
Fatigue dominates YP’s experience of living with SCD, significantly impacting their physical, social and educational functioning and leading to isolation and stigma. Often overlooked in clinical settings, addressing fatigue should be integral to SCD care and research. This includes incorporating fatigue assessments, developing targeted self-management programmes, and furthering research on its management. The findings emphasise recognising fatigue as a primary symptom in YP with LTCs, given its severe impact on social and educational development and future stability.
Trial registration
Not Applicable
Truth is relative; Client report versus provider report, a post-modern analysis of data from a trial in the private retail medicine sector
Authors: Chepkwony Tabitha , Amunga Mark E. , Kimachas Emmah , Kipkoech Joseph , Robie Emily , Wekesa Aggrey , Arthur David , Turner Elizabeth L. , Gallis John A. , Abel Lucy , Ambani George , Visser Theodoor , Woldeghebriel Meley , Babur Sameen , Woolsey Aaron , Menya Diana , Laktabai Jeremiah , O’Meara Wendy P.
Published: October 2024

In malaria-endemic countries, private retail outlets are a major source of antimalarials for individuals experiencing an acute febrile illness. However, there remains a challenge in how the decision to dispense the drugs is made. The lack of malaria diagnostic tools in the retail sector leads to a presumptive approach to diagnosis and overuse of ACTs. The TESTsmART study trained retail outlet attendants to perform malaria rapid diagnostic tests (mRDTs) in conjunction with a mobile application to capture testing and drug dispensing data. Concurrently, febrile clients were randomly selected for exit interviews outside the outlet, and analogous information about testing and drug purchasing was recorded based on self-report. A small subset of clients enrolled in exit interviews were also asked to participate in exit Plasmodium falciparum mRDT testing to confirm the accuracy of mRDTs in the outlet and to estimate malaria positivity amongst untested clients. In this sub-study, comparison of these two concurrent data sources showed the testing rate for eligible participants was slightly lower in the exit interview (42.8%, 2436/5695) than in the app (51.1%, 24,446/49,804). We noted important differences in the experiences of testing and adherence reported by outlets compared to clients; 11.0% of clients had positive mRDT reported in the app (and validated by photo review) compared to 35.3% from exit interviews. Outlets reported that 97% of test-positive clients received a first-line Artemether Combination Therapy (ACT), but only 77% of clients who reported a positive test also reported receiving the first-line ACT in the exit interview. For test-negative clients, 35% received an ACT based on outlet reports compared to 25% by exit interviews. Among 109 clients randomly selected for re-test at exit interview, nearly two-thirds of those who reported a positive test from the outlet had a negative mRDT (64.3%, 9/14) when retested. Contrasting outcomes reported by the provider and the client highlight barriers to improving testing and adherence for malaria as well as challenges for monitoring case management in the retail sector. These include accurate communication of results to the client, poor confidence in a negative result, and reluctance to withhold antimalarials from test-negative clients.
Low Temperature, Concentration Dependent Synthesis of PEDOT:PSS/MoS2 Nanocomposites: Effect on Morphological and Optical properties
Authors: Borgohain Iswar P. , Gogoi Priyanku , Deb Sulochana
Published: October 2024

In this work, MoS2 nanosheets with diverse morphologies and their nanocomposites with PEDOT:PSS are synthesized at relatively low temperature via a hydrothermal process using ammonium heptamolybdate tetrahydrate (AHT), thiourea (Th), and citric acid as precursors. The study investigates the effects of varying concentrations of AHT and Th in acidic condition on the growth, morphology, and optical properties of MoS2 nanosheets and their nanocomposites with PEDOT:PSS. Morphology, chemical composition, and optical properties of the MoS2/PEDOT:PSS nanocomposites are studied using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy(FESEM), FTIR, UV-Vis, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The FESEM images indicate that the MoS2 nanosheets exhibited large, uniform rectangular and leaf-like structures formed through the stacking of multiple nanosheets. Moreover, the concentration of the PEDOT:PSS polymer is found to have a significant impact on the morphological and optical properties of the MoS2/PEDOT:PSS nanocomposites.
The ubiquitination of IL-6 by FBXO7 mitigates osteoarthritis through JAK1/STAT3 pathway modulation
Authors: Huang ZhuSong , Guo Huiling , Lin XuChao , Lan JinFu , Zhao WenHan , Chen Min
Published: October 2024

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative disease marked by cartilage destruction and subchondral bone remodeling which results in functional disability and pain. FBXO7 has been implicated in various inflammatory conditions, however, very little research has been done to establish its functional and molecular participation in the development and progression of OA. Here we show that the downregulation of FBXO7 may cause the progression and severity of OA. Articular cartilage obtained from OA patients and cartilage excised from DMM-induced OA from mice showed that FBXO7 was downregulated when compared to the controls. Mechanistically, we determined that FBXO7 interacts with the JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway through IL-6. Immunoprecipitation assay revealed high-affinity physical interactions between FBXO7 and IL-6. When FBXO7 is downregulated in OA, the expression levels of IL-6 are elevated, which increases the activation of the JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway. This process results in the elevation of MMP13 and suppression of type II collagen, two components crucial in the maintenance of articular cartilage homeostasis. However, overexpression of FBXO7 alleviated cartilage degradation by mediating the ubiquitination of IL-6 and degrading it, which led to the elevated expression of type II collagen, and reversed progression of OA. Therefore, targeting FBXO7 in the treatment of OA presents a promising avenue of therapy.
Fetal Subdural Hematoma –? Aspirin induced or Idiopathic – A case report
Authors: Thakur Shruti , Thakur Charu Smita , Sharma Abhinash , Makhaik Sushma
Published: October 2024

Background
Fetal intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) is a rare antenatal complication that increases perinatal morbidity and mortality and may cause neurodevelopmental delay in surviving babies. Even though the majority of cases are idiopathic, there are many maternal and fetal factors predisposing to ICH. Low dose aspirin has a proven efficacy in secondary preeclampsia, however, with a daily dosage of > 100mg, its safety is not well established and sporadic cases of fetal hemorrhagic complications have been reported. As fetal ICH has prognostic implications for the current and potentially for future pregnancies, in utero diagnosis is of utmost importance.
Case Presentation
A 34- year- old primigravida was diagnosed with fetal subdural hematoma (SDH) on her routine third trimester ultrasound (USG). There were no predisposing factors except that the patient was on low dose aspirin from 12th week of gestation. On serial USG, the SDH reduced in size. She delivered a healthy baby who was followed till 6 months of age and showed normal neurodevelopment.
Conclusions
As the number of reported cases of fetal ICH are limited with even rarer SDH, meaningful etiological and prognostic criteria cannot be inferred and parental counseling is challenging.
The Effects of Concomitant Application of TENS and NMES on Chronic Stroke Patients: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Başar Betül , Alp Ömer Faruk
Published: October 2024

Background: The aim of our study was to compare the effects of TENS, NMES, and their combined application on posture, functional independence, and spasticity in patients with post-stroke hemiparesis.
Methods: Sixty patients (twenty-six female and thirty-four male), with a mean age of 61.1 years (range, 27 – 81 years) were included in our study. Patients were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups: TENS, NMES, TENS+NMES, and isolated exercise program. The patients' posture, functional independence, and ankle plantar flexor spasticity were evaluated after 1 month of treatment and at the 4-month follow-up.
Results: Concomitant application of TENS and NMES was more successful in improving posture, functional independence and reducing spasticity at 1 and 4 months follow-up than either application alone. The application of TENS or NMES together with the exercise program provided better results in terms of posture and functional independence at the 1st month. However, it did not achieve a significant difference compared to the exercise program at the 4th month. An exercise program alone was insufficient for reducing spasticity of the ankle plantar flexors. While an additional physical therapy modality (TENS or NMES) was effective in reducing spasticity in the early period, this effect disappeared at the 4th month follow-up and similar results were achieved with an isolated exercise program.
Conclusion: Although TENS or NMES combined with exercise programs achieves successful results immediately after the treatment, it is insufficient after a few months in chronic stroke patients. In concomitant application of TENS and NMES, better results are achieved both after treatment and in a few months of follow-up. Therefore, TENS and NMES should be applied concomitantly.
What is the role of early years childcare staff in promoting and discussing children's oral health behaviours? An investigation of parent’s views
Authors: Alshammari Dalil , Coupe Nia , Peters Sarah , Goldthorpe Joanna
Published: October 2024

Baackground:
The primary reason children in the UK are referred to hospitals for general anaesthetic is to have their teeth removed due to tooth decay. Tooth decay is a non-communicable disease which can be prevented through healthy behaviours such as brushing at least twice a day with fluoride toothpaste, reducing the frequency of sugar consumption throughout the day and regular dental check-ups. Recently, oral health became a mandatory component of the England Early Years Settings' (EYS) framework. Successful implementation of this public health strategy necessitates involvement from parents and carers, however their views currently remain unexplored. Therefore, we aim to investigate parents' views about the role of EYS and childcare providers in promoting and discussing children’s oral health behaviours.
Method:
Semi-structured interviews were conducted in English and Arabic with 14 parents (11 mothers, 3 fathers) with at least one child under five years enrolled in any EYS (nurseries, preschools, Sure Start centres) in England. Participants were recruited through EYS settings and using online social media. Data were analysed using an inductive and latent thematic analysis.
Results:
The analysis was organized into three overarching themes: 1) Parental knowledge limited by indirect communication with staff, 2) EYS suitable to support oral health but .... and 3) EYS as a partner to support children’s oral health
Conclusion
Parents have limited awareness of oral health activities in EYS. They acknowledge that EYS staff can influence children's oral health behaviours, yet also report communication barriers with EYS staff. Early years communication is primarily uni-directional, which shapes parents' views about EYS staff's responsibility and credibility to support their children’s oral health. To overcome these barriers, staff need training and support to effectively engage parents.
Radiation Dose and Effective Risk Assessments in Adult Patient from a Common Radiological Procedure: A Comparative Study
Authors: Adeyemi Fredrick O.
Published: October 2024

Background: Generally, quantifying radiation risks associated with diagnostic radiology has been a subject of interest with the increased use of X-rays. So, pelvis radiography is used as a focus for dose monitoring with the need to balance the risks and benefits of a new diagnostic modality.
Objectives: This study assessed radiation dose and the risks at exposure age from pelvis examination.
Patients and methods: The study used an indirect dosimetric approach and PCXMC software to determine ESD, effective dose (ED), and the equivalent dose to organs and then calculate risk based on the average percentage increase in LAR of cancer incidence.
Results: Pelvis lateral (LAT) with averagely low ED (0.051mSv) recorded a lifetime risk coefficient (RT) (2.693E-1 Sv-1) and high effective risk (ER) (7.764E-4) against pelvis AP with ED (0.226 mSv), RT (5.90E-2 Sv-1) and low ER (9.789E-5) in a single exposure for pelvis radiograph. Generally, among organs exposed during examinations, lungs with averagely low dose recorded moderately high Ro and ER,O while pelvis bone recorded low ER,O for pelvis radiography. The urinary bladder with high doses recorded low Ro (0.011Gy-1) and ER,O (0.4985E-6). Prostate and pelvis bone recorded high and low ER,O (males), and uterus and pelvis bone (females) for pelvis AP, while these were pancreas and pelvis bone (males) and colon and pelvis (females) for pelvis LAT.
Conclusion: Studies show that adult patients within the age group (40-49 yrs.) for pelvis radiography and their organs are averagely exposed to low and minimal risks of cancer induction, respectively.
A New Variation in the Branching of the Axillary Artery: A Case Report with Surgical Implication
Authors: Suassuna Gabriel Vitório Araújo , Midena Clara Medeiros , Bandeira Wigínio Gabriel Lira , Montello Mauro Bezerra , Abreu Bento João da Graça Azevedo , Cavalcante Judney Cley
Published: October 2024

The axillary artery, situated amid the cords of the brachial plexus, provides branches supplying the shoulder and scapula. It then continues as the brachial artery, typically located posteromedial to the median nerve, which furnishes branches to the arm and elbow. Variations in these branches are not uncommon. However, a dissection of a fixed right upper limb at the Human Anatomy Laboratory of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte revealed a remarkable anatomical variation. The researchers discovered an axillary artery that bifurcates into a superficial brachial artery and a posterior trunk. The superficial brachial artery passes over the lateral root of the median nerve and runs superficially to it without giving off any branches. The posterior trunk gives rise to all the branches normally originating from the third part of the axillary artery and the brachial artery, including the subscapular artery, the humeral circumflex arteries, the deep brachial artery, and the collateral ulnar arteries. This unique vascular arrangement has not been previously described in the literature. Awareness of these variations may prevent diagnostic errors, such as misidentifying the superficial brachial artery as a vein, and may influence surgical planning and interventional procedures in the axillary region, including breast cancer surgery or axillary cavity exploration.
Nomogram model for predicting spontaneous preterm birth in twin pregnancies: a case-control study
Authors: Xu Wei-Na , Ai Ling , Zhang Xiao-Yan , Wang Jian-Guo , Huang Yi-Min
Published: October 2024

Background
This study aimed to analyze the correlation factors of spontaneous preterm birth in twin pregnancies and construct a predictive model, with the hope of providing clinical value for the prediction of spontaneous preterm delivery in twin pregnancies.
Methods
A total of 218 pregnant women with twin pregnancies at Jiaxing Women and Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University between June 2021 and May 2024 were enrolled. One-way Analysis of Variance (One-way ANOVA) and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the correlation factors, and a prediction model was constructed. The nomogram model was established using R, and evaluated by the area under the ROC curve, C-index, and decision curve analysis (DCA).
Results
One-way ANOVA showed that body mass index (BMI), length of cervical canal in the second trimester, presence or absence of cervical funnel, vaginitis during pregnancy, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and intrauterine hemoglobin levels were associated with spontaneous preterm birth in twin pregnancies (P < 0.05). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that BMI, cervical length in the second trimester and gestational vaginitis are independent correlation factors for spontaneous preterm birth in twin pregnancies. After validation, the AUC value of the combined prediction of 3 correlation factors was the largest (0.852). Overall, a nomogram model with C-index of 0.838 was successfully constructed for predicting preterm birth in twin pregnancies.
Conclusion
BMI combined with cervical canal length in the second trimester and gestation vaginitis can improve the predictive value for the delivery outcome of spontaneous preterm birth in twin pregnancies.
Genetically-encoded markers for confocal visualization of single
dense core vesicles
Authors: Griffith Leslie , Chen Nannan , Yu Junwei , Zhang Yunpeng , Clements Kelsey
Published: October 2024

Neuronal dense core vesicles (DCVs) store and release a diverse array of neuromodulators, trophic factors and bioamines. The analysis of single DCVs has largely been possible only using electron microscopy, which makes understanding cargo segregation and DCV heterogeneity difficult. To address these limitations, we developed genetically-encoded markers for DCVs that can be used in combination with standard immunohistochemistry and expansion microscopy, to enable single-vesicle resolution with confocal microscopy.
Exploring the therapeutic potential of Rutin and Morin in Type 2 Diabetes: A transcriptomics and molecular dynamics simulation for proteins
Authors: Kerry Rout George , Naik Hemangini , Mahapatra Soumya Ranjan , Nayak Sanghamitra , Behera Abhishek , Pattanaik Kali Prasad , Ranjan Saumya , Misra Namrata , Rout Jyoti Ranjan , Das Gitishree , Patra Jayanta Kumar , Majhi Sanatan
Published: October 2024

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic, multifactorial disorder characterized by hyperglycemia or hyporinsulinemia. Despite numerous previous studies, its prevalence and associated complications continue to pose a significant global health concern. This study primarily focuses on identifying and investigating potential biomarkers and underlying molecular mechanisms that substantially impact T2D progression. A human microarray dataset (GSE20966 & GSE41762) exclusively containing pancreatic beta cells was sourced from the GEO database to facilitate the following research. The analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and the construction of co-expression networks were carried out using R and Bioconductor packages. The differentially co-expressed genes were further utilized to analyse hub genes and comprehensively characterize their functional importance by STRING, DAVID and ClueGo. The analysis conducted in this study emphasises the significance of seven hub genes (CEL, CPA1, CPB1, CTRB2, CEL3B, PLA2G1B, and REG1A) primarily implicated in T2D-associated molecular pathways such as pancreatic secretion, protein digestion and absorption and fat digestion and absorption. Among seven hub markers, direct scientific evidence underscores the role of PLA2G1B as a causative factor in the development of T2D. Therefore, further MD simulation for proteins study was conducted to comprehend the possible inhibition of the gene thereby reducing the severity of T2D. The study includes molecular docking and MD Simulation where it was established that phytocompounds (Rutin and Morin) for an instant posses higher binding affinity towards PLA2G1B in comparison to the standard inhibitors n-(p-Amylcinnamoyl) anthranilic acid. Thus, overall, it can be predicted that the flavonoids RU and MO could target PLA2G1B and might serve as a focused therapeutic approach for treating patients with T2D.
Correlations Between Metformin and Prognosis and Adverse Reactions in Patients Undergoing Radical Cystectomy Followed by Adjuvant GC Chemotherapy for Bladder Cancer
Authors: Zhang Lei , Cao Jingyi , Han Chong , Zhang Jingwen , Liu Yiwen , Li Hailong
Published: October 2024

Objective
The objective of this research was to examine the influence of metformin on both prognosis and adverse reactions in patients who have undergone radical cystectomy (RC) and subsequently received adjuvant gemcitabine and cisplatin (GC) chemotherapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC).
Methods
A retrospective evaluation was performed on data from 243 patients who had undergone RC followed by adjuvant GC chemotherapy at the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou First People’s Hospital, and Xuzhou Third People’s Hospital during the period from April 2014 to April 2024. The subjects were categorized into three categories based on metformin usage: non-diabetic (No DM), type 2 diabetic with metformin use (DM, Metformin), and type 2 diabetic without metformin use (DM, no Metformin). Clinical and pathological characteristics were compiled and subjected to analysis. Progression-free survival (PFS) was assessed utilizing the Kaplan-Meier technique, while Cox proportional hazards models were employed for multivariable analysis.
Results
Among the 243 patients, diabetes was present in 68 individuals, of whom 51 were administered metformin. When compared to the non-diabetic cohort, diabetic patients who received metformin exhibited significantly elevated PFS rates at 1, 2, and 3 years (p = 0.024). Both univariate and multivariate analyses indicated that the utilization of metformin correlated with a reduced risk of disease progression (hazard ratio = 0.66, 95% confidence interval 0.45–0.96, p = 0.031). Moreover, those administered metformin experienced a significantly lower frequency of grade 3 or higher adverse reactions during chemotherapy in contrast to those who did not receive metformin (p = 0.011).
Conclusion
The administration of metformin is strongly correlated with enhanced prognosis and a reduction in adverse reactions in patients who have undergone RC, followed by adjuvant GC chemotherapy for MIBC. This research offers robust clinical evidence supporting the application of metformin as an adjuvant therapy in MIBC and establishes a basis for future investigations into the mechanisms by which metformin exerts its effects in cancer treatment.
Correlation and Dissociation Factors between Ionized, Total, and Corrected Calcium in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis
Authors: Aizawa Chiharu , Nakashima Akio , Kato Kazuhiko , Kobayashi Arisa , Kawai Rena , Shibata Yuriko , Tanimoto Saya , Keita Kimura , Ohkido Ichiro , Yokoo Takashi
Published: October 2024

Ionized calcium (iCa) is physiologically active but cannot be directly measured easily. Although total serum calcium (tCa) and corrected calcium (cCa) using the Payne correction formula have been utilized to assess calcium levels, their limitations have been pointed out. This study aimed to clarify the degree of correlation and dissociation among iCa, tCa, and cCa levels in patients undergoing hemodialysis. A cross-sectional study assessed the correlation between iCa, tCa, and cCa levels. Factors involved in the correlation between the iCa and tCa levels were evaluated using multiple regression analysis. Two hundred thirteen patients were enrolled. Patients were 65 ± 10.2 years old. The correlation coefficients were 0.8665 for iCa and tCa and 0.8537 for iCa and cCa. Correlations were also observed when divided by albumin concentration and pH, known correlation factors. In multiple regression analysis of the relationship between tCa and iCa, albumin, pH, phosphorus, and magnesium levels were significant factors. Based on these results, a new corrected calcium equation (mg/dL) = 0.828 × tCa − 0.314 × albumin (g/dL) + 0.007 × age + 2.922 was derived using age and albumin. There was a correlation between iCa, tCa, and cCa in hemodialysis patients.