bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of Artemisia Argyi (AA) Therapy in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) Using Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking
Authors: Wang Yin , Huang Ruixue
Published: January 2023

This study aims to investigate the molecular mechanism of Artemisia argyi (AA) in the treatment of cognitive impairment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the docking activity of AA on potential therapeutic targets using network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques. Bioinformatic analysis showed that neuroactive ligand‐receptor interaction, the pathway of cancer, calcium signaling, neurodegeneration‐multiple disease, and chemical carcinogenesis‐receptor activation might be the related signal pathway in AA‐AD. Moreover, the binding energy of AA active compounds to potential targets are ≦−4.16 kJ mol−1 with 10 patterns ≦−10 kJ mol−1. The results of molecular docking showed that there would be a stable binding ability between the active components of AA and potential target genes. Among them, 24‐methylenecyloartanone, beta‐sitosterol, and Stigmasterol are active components with potential oral bioavailability (OB), drug‐likeness (DL), and blood‐brain‐barrier(BBB) are screened out with the stable binding ability to target genes, which may be potential components of AA treatment for AD. This study laid an important foundation for further study of the molecular mechanism of AA treatment for AD.
Crystallization‐Induced Enhanced Electrochemiluminescence from a New Tris(bipyridine)ruthenium(II) Derivative
Authors: Han Tingting , Cao Yue , Wang Jia , Jiao Jianmin , Song You , Wang Leyong , Ma Cheng , Chen Hong‐Yuan , Zhu Jun‐Jie
Published: January 2023

Classic tris(bipyridine)ruthenium(II) complex (Ru‐bpy) with high electrochemiluminescence (ECL) efficiency still suffers from a serious aggregation‐caused quenching (ACQ) problem, which greatly weakens its ECL efficiency to restrict further applications in solid‐state ECL imaging and light‐emitting devices. Herein, the crystallization‐induced enhanced ECL (CIE‐ECL) of tris(bipyridine)ruthenium(II) derivatives (Ru‐TPE) are reported by decorating Ru‐bpy with inherent aggregation‐induced emission active tetraphenylethene (TPE), which effectively eliminates the detrimentalπ–πstacking interactions and thus helps Ru‐bpy surmount notorious ACQ effect in the aqueous phase. The Ru‐TPE shows negligible ECL emission in solution but produces a strong ECL emission upon crystallization. Surprisingly, the ECL efficiency of Ru‐TPE crystals is 20 and 3 times higher than that of its solution and Ru‐bpy crystals, respectively. Experimental and structural analysis reveals that such a CIE‐ECL effect originates from the restricted intramolecular rotation and ordered molecular packing. Moreover, the high‐resolution ECL imaging of a single Ru‐TPE crystal is successfully demonstrated. This work provides a new design strategy for achieving high efficiency in solid‐state ECL imaging and devices.
Flexible Substrate‐Structured Sb2S3 Solar Cells with Back Interface Selenization
Authors: Deng Hui , Cheng Yingshun , Chen Zekun , Lin Xiao , Wu Jionghua , Zheng Qiao , Zhang Caixia , Cheng Shuying
Published: January 2023

Antimony sulfide (Sb2S3) with a 1D molecular structure has strong bending characteristics, showing great application potential in flexible devices. Herein, the flexible substrate‐structured Sb2S3 solar cells is developed and improve device performances by the back interface selenization. The high‐quality Sb2S3 film with an optimal thickness of 1.8 µm, ensuring efficient spectra utilization, is deposited on flexible Mo foils by the rapid thermal evaporation technique. To solve the issues of back interfacial recombination and charge transport, the 20 nm MoSe2 layer between Sb2S3 film and Mo foil is fabricated by substrate selenization in the tube furnace. Further investigations indicate that the MoSe2 layer improves the interfacial energy band alignments and induces the [hk1] orientation of Sb2S3 film, thereby passivating defects and enhancing the carrier transport capacity. The flexible solar cell in the structure of Mo foil/MoSe2/Sb2S3/CdS/ITO/Ag, exhibiting good flexibility to stand thousands of bending, achieves an efficiency of 3.75%, which is the highest for Sb2S3 devices in substrate configuration. The presented flexible structure and back interfacial selenization study will provide new prospects for inorganic Sb2S3 thin film solar cells.
Graphene Spin Valves for Spin Logic Devices
Authors: Ghising Pramod , Biswas Chandan , Lee Young Hee
Published: January 2023

An alternative to charge‐based electronics identifies the spin degree of freedom for information communication and processing. The long spin‐diffusion length in graphene at room temperature demonstrates its ability for highly scalable spintronics. The development of the graphene spin valve (SV) has inspired spin devices in graphene including spin field‐effect transistors and spin majority logic gates. A comprehensive picture of spin transport in graphene SVs is required for further development of spin logic. This review examines the advances in graphene SVs and their role in the development of spin logic devices. Different transport and scattering mechanisms in charge and spin are discussed. Furthermore, the on/off switching energy between graphene SVs and charge‐based FETs is compared to highlight their prospects for low‐power devices. The challenges and perspectives that need to be addressed for the future development of spin logic devices are then outlined.
Biosystem‐Inspired Engineering of Nanozymes for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Zhang Lu , Wang Huan , Qu Xiaogang
Published: January 2023

Nanozymes with intrinsic enzyme‐mimicking activities have shown great potential to become surrogates of natural enzymes in many fields by virtue of their advantages of high catalytic stability, ease of functionalization, and low cost. However, due to the lack of predictable descriptors, most of the nanozymes reported in the past have been obtained mainly through trial‐and‐error strategies, and the catalytic efficacy, substrate specificity, as well as practical application effect under physiological conditions, are far inferior to that of natural enzymes. To optimize the catalytic efficacies and functions of nanozymes in biomedical settings, recent studies have introduced biosystem‐inspired strategies into nanozyme design. In this review, recent advances in the engineering of biosystem‐inspired nanozymes by leveraging the refined catalytic structure of natural enzymes, simulating the behavior changes of natural enzymes in the catalytic process, and mimicking the specific biological processes or living organisms, are introduced. Furthermore, the currently involved biomedical applications of biosystem‐inspired nanozymes are summarized. More importantly, the current opportunities and challenges of the design and application of biosystem‐inspired nanozymes are discussed. It is hoped that the studies of nanozymes based on bioinspired strategies will be beneficial for constructing the new generation of nanozymes and broadening their biomedical applications.
Spin Preserved Exciton Funneling through a Polaronic Intermediate State in Layered Perovskite Single Crystals
Authors: Zhang Yiwei , Zhang Baohuan , Wang Jiawei , Fu Yulan , Han Yu , Guo Jinxin , Zhang Xinping
Published: January 2023

The spintronic device is another application of perovskite beyond solar cells, light emitting diodes, and photodetectors. Spin relaxation with a lifetime of several ps has been observed in both 3D and 2D perovskite. In this study, Ruddlesden–Popper (RP) perovskite single crystals with mixed n and n + 1 phase are synthesized. It is found that the spin‐polarized exciton can funnel from n phase to n + 1 phase with spin information retained effectively. Interestingly, the spin lifetime of the funneled exciton in n + 1 phase is much longer than that in the pristine n phase. This is attributed to the fact that the funneling is realized through a polaronic intermediate state, in which the spin relaxation is much slower. The polaronic intermediate states originate from the interaction between photogenerated excitons and the lattice distortion. The formation of the polaronic states can reduce overlap of electron–hole wave function and modified lattice symmetry; these two changes contribute to retain the exciton spin information in such polaronic states. The findings deepen the understanding of spin‐polarized exciton transportation and relaxation dynamics and provide a potentially novel approach to enhance the spin relaxation lifetime of perovskite single crystals.
An Unexpected Boron Rearrangement Leads to a Fluorogenic and Colorimetric BODIPY Probe
Authors: Merkes Jean Michel , Raabe Gerhard , Kiessling Fabian , Rueping Magnus , Banala Srinivas
Published: January 2023

The isolation and characterization of a kinetically stable oxadiazaborinine (ODB) dye are described, which undergoes an unexpected thermal boron rearrangement with a color change and increase in fluorescence. This controllable reaction allows for the use as a practical time‐temperature indicator probe with the advantages of photostability, non‐reversibility, and environmental friendliness.
Water‐Dependent Upcycling of Eco‐Friendly Multifunctional Nanocompartmentalized Films
Authors: Caetano Izabella W. I. A. , Ferreira Filipe V. , dos Santos Danilo M. , Pinheiro Ivanei F. , Lona Liliane M. F.
Published: January 2023

Nanocompartmentalized films are promising materials for different applications, including biomedical, food, and agricultural fields. Herein, a new concept to prepare such multifunctional films is reported. Aqueous dispersion of nanoparticles based on Ecovio loaded with an active compound (Neem oil as concept proof) is first synthesized by single emulsion–solvent evaporation technique using poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) as a surfactant. Then, this dispersion is used to prepare films by casting. The feasibility of upcycling (i.e., deconstruction and reassembly of the films) is obtained through a water‐dependent dynamic phenomenon, where the PVA acts as polymer matrix or surfactant depending on the hydration of the surrounding medium (dry or wet conditions). Nanocompartmentalized films demonstrate improved mechanical performance and reduced transmittance in UVA and UVB spectra, while the nanoparticles (wet condition) show superior stability (more than 9 months). The proposed method allows preparing films with high compartmentalization efficiency that can be used, for instance, as insect‐repellent packaging. Just by adding the films in water, the aqueous dispersion of nanoparticles can be used for controlled release of pesticides, leading to high added value material that fits the circular economy.
Delineating the phenotype of RNU4ATAC‐related spliceosomopathy
Authors: Tabib Amanda , Richmond Christopher M. , McGaughran Julie
Published: January 2023

Biallelic pathogenic variants in RNU4ATAC cause microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type I (MOPD1), Roifman syndrome (RS) and Lowry–Wood syndrome (LWS). These conditions demonstrate significant phenotypic heterogeneity yet have overlapping features. Although historically described as discrete conditions they appear to represent a phenotypic spectrum with clinical features not always aligning with diagnostic categories. Clinical variability and ambiguity in diagnostic criteria exist among each disorder. Here we report an individual with a novel genotype and phenotype spanning all three disorders, expanding the phenotypic spectrum of RNU4ATAC‐related spliceosomeopathies.
Electron Spin Catalysis with Graphene Belts
Authors: Tian Yulan , Cao Huaqiang , Yang Haijun , Yao Wenqing , Wang Jiaou , Qiao Zirui , Cheetham Anthony K.
Published: January 2023

Here, we report kinetic studies using electron spin resonance spectroscopy on spin catalysis reactions caused by using graphene belts which were synthesized by a radical coupling method. The results show that σ‐type free radical species provide the dominant sites for catalytic activity through the spin‐spin interaction, although there are some other influencing factors. The spin catalysis mechanism can be applied both in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and in organic synthesis. The graphene belt spin catalyst shows excellent performance with a high ORR half‐wave potential of 0.81 V and long‐term stability with almost no loss of activity after 50 000 cycles in alkaline media. It also shows excellent performance in a benzylamine coupling with molecular oxygen to generate the corresponding imine at an average conversion of ≈97.7 % and an average yield of ≈97.9 %. This work opens up a new research direction for understanding aerobic processes in the field of spin catalysis.
The Rise of Trichlorides Enabling an Improved Chlorine Technology
Authors: Kleoff Merlin , Voßnacker Patrick , Riedel Sebastian
Published: January 2023

Chlorine plays a central role for the industrial production of numerous materials with global relevance. More recently, polychlorides have been evolved from an area of academic interest to a research topic with enormous industrial potential. In this minireview, the value of trichlorides for chlorine storage and chlorination reactions are outlined. Particularly, the inexpensive ionic liquid [NEt3Me][Cl3] shows a similar and sometimes even advantageous reactivity compared to chlorine gas, while offering a superior safety profile. Used as a chlorine storage, [NEt3Me][Cl3] could help to overcome the current limitations of storing and transporting chlorine in larger quantities. Thus, trichlorides could become a key technique for the flexibilization of the chlorine production enabling an exploitation of renewable, yet fluctuating, electrical energy. As the loaded storage, [NEt3Me][Cl3], is a proven chlorination reagent, it could directly be employed for downstream processes, paving the path to a more practical and safer chlorine industry.
Achieving Near‐unity Photoluminescence Quantum Yields in Organic‐Inorganic Hybrid Antimony (III) Chlorides with the [SbCl5] Geometry
Authors: Sun Chen , Deng Zeyu , Li Zhiyuan , Chen Zhongwei , Zhang Xuanyu , Chen Jian , Lu Haipeng , Canepa Pieremanuele , Chen Rui , Mao Lingling
Published: January 2023

Hybrid organic–inorganic antimony halides have attracted increasing attention due to the non‐toxicity, stability, and high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY). To shed light on the structural factors that contribute to the high PLQY, five pairs of antimony halides with general formulaA2SbCl5andA2Sb2Cl8are synthesized via two distinct methods and characterized. TheA2SbCl5type adopts square pyramidal [SbCl5] geometry with near‐unity PLQY, while theA2Sb2Cl8adopts seesaw dimmer [Sb2Cl8] geometry with PLQY≈0 %. Through combined data analysis with the literature, we have found thatA2SbCl5series with square pyramidal geometry generally has much longer Sb⋅⋅⋅Sb distances, leading to more expressed lone pairs of SbIII. Additional factors including Sb−Cl distance and stability of antimony chlorides may also affect PLQY. Our targeted synthesis and correlated insights provide efficient tools to precisely form highly emissive materials for optoelectronic applications.
Are Phosphatidic Acids Ubiquitous in Mammalian Tissues or Overemphasized in Mass Spectrometry Imaging Applications?
Authors: Vandergrift Gregory W. , Lukowski Jessica K. , Taylor Michael J. , Zemaitis Kevin J. , Alexandrov Theodore , Eder Josie G. , Olson Heather M. , Kyle Jennifer E. , Anderton Christopher
Published: January 2023

Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is an invaluable tool for the spatial visualization of molecules in vivo. However, the question of whether observed annotations are endogenous or artificial (i. e., from in‐source fragmentation) is critical and has been largely unexplored in multimodal MSI. In matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)‐MSI datasets from researchers worldwide, PAs were found to represent up to 18 % of annotations in rat brain. Rat brain was additionally imaged here using nanospray desorption electrospray ionization (nano‐DESI), a softer ionization strategy. No PAs observed with MALDI were present in the nano‐DESI dataset. Further investigation strongly indicated lipid fragmentation to PAs for MALDI‐MSI, but not with nano‐DESI‐MSI. We finally extend this observation to the MALDI‐MSI analyses of human tissues, showing that PA annotations comprised up to 16 % of annotations. Therefore, this study shows that MSI annotations should be carefully interrogated, as in‐source fragmentation or modification of lipids may contribute substantially to false annotations and incorrect biological interpretations.
Solid polymer electrolyte membrane based on cationic polynorbornenes with pending imidazolium functional groups for all‐solid‐state lithium‐ion batteries
Authors: Qin Zengwei , He Xiaohui , Xu Jiang , Deng Jiahao , Zang Xiujing , Yang Guoxiao , Lu Yao , Zou Shaoyu , Huang Liang , Chen Defu
Published: January 2023

Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) have received extensive attention in the realm of lithium‐ion batteries due to their safety performance, higher specific capacity and structural designability. In recent years, poly ionic liquids (PILs) have been attracting the attention of many researchers because of their high ionic conductivity, wide electrochemical stability window, high thermal stability and less‐flammability in comparison with common liquid electrolytes. We selected imidazole cations as functional groups to be attached to the side chain of the polymer to prepare bis‐imidazole functionalized benzo‐norbornadiene monomer, which copolymerized with epoxy‐functionalized norbornene monomer and norbornene (NB) monomer to obtain triblock copolymer. The prepared triblock copolymer was blended with lithium salt (LiTFSI) to obtain a solid polymer electrolyte membrane (SPEM). SPEM achieved an excellent ionic conductivity of 3.1 × 10−5 S cm−1 at 30°C, exhibited an electrochemical stability window of up to 4.3 V versus Li/Li+ (25°C) and thermal stability up to 275°C under protective (N2) atmosphere. The NCM811/SPEM/Li batteries have exhibited a first discharging capacity of 149.1 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C‐rate and the discharge capacity kept 141.6 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C‐rate after 50 charge and discharge cycles at 30°C.
Water diffusion kinetics study at different hydrothermal bath temperatures and subsequent durability studies of CNT embedded fibrous polymeric composites: Roles of CNT content, functionalization and in‐situ testing temperature
Authors: Fulmali Abhinav Omprakash , Ramamoorthy Sunil Kumar , Prusty Rajesh Kumar
Published: January 2023

Although structural polymers like epoxy are extensively used in marine applications over metallic structures, environmental water tends to ingress into this polymer which may affect its long‐term durability. The extent of degradation caused by the absorbed water on polymeric composite's mechanical properties depends on the water diffusion mechanism, environmental temperature and subsequent reversible and irreversible chemical restructuring of the polymer. In this study, hydrothermal conditioning behavior of glass fiber reinforced epoxy (GE) composites with varying (0.1, 0.3, and 0.5) wt.% of pristine and functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs and FCNTs) was studied at 15°C (Low‐Temperature Hydrothermal Conditioning (LTHC)) and 50°C (Elevated‐Temperature Hydrothermal Conditioning (ETHC)) water baths. The changes in chemical bonding characteristics and glass transition temperature of GE composite due to above mentioned factors have been studied by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. The gravimetric analysis was employed to monitor the water uptake kinetics of the composites and flexural strength of conditioned composites after 50 days of conditioning and saturation was study to understand the effect of water sorption. Experimental results revealed that, FCNTs greatly hinders the water absorption through the interfaces at LTHC, as the equilibrium water content of 0.1FCNT‐GE composite was ~9.5% and ~3.0% and Diffusion coefficient was ~60.0% and ~15.5% lower than the GE and 0.1CNT‐GE composites, respectively at LTHC. At LTHC, the water saturated 0.1FCNT‐GE composites exhibited superior flexural strength than GE and 0.1CNT‐GE composites. At ETHC, generation of hygroscopic stresses and unfavorable stresses at the weak CNT/polymer interface adversely affected the 0.1CNT‐GE composites water resistance compared to 0.1FCNT‐GE composites with stronger FCNT/polymer interface. The extent of recovery in the flexural strength was evaluated by complete desorption of water‐saturated specimens. Finally, a fractography study was conducted to understand the variation in the well‐being of the glass fiber/polymer and nanotube/polymer interface due to mentioned varying factors.
Association between the social network of medical students and their academic performance on the anatomy written examination
Authors: Nawa Nobutoshi , Numasawa Mitsuyuki , Yamaguchi Kumiko , Morita Ayako , Fujiwara Takeo , Akita Keiichi
Published: January 2023

Although medical students learn human anatomy within a social network of friends/classmates, limited research has examined how social network structure is related to student's performance in human anatomy examinations. This study aimed to examine the association between centrality (i.e., the degree to which a student is connected to other students in class) before the start of the anatomy laboratory and changes in centrality owing to the start of the laboratory and failing the written examination taken on the last day of the course. Data included all 211 medical students at Tokyo Medical and Dental University who took anatomy classes in 2018 and 2019. The in‐class social network before the laboratory was defined as “connected” if the student had more than one connection to the same individual in terms of the type of club activity, high school, and affiliation with an extracurricular program. The laboratory group adds the connection to the prelaboratory network, resulting in a postlaboratory network. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the association of degree and eigenvector centrality and changes in centrality after the laboratory with failing the written examination. Of the 211 students, 38 failed the examination. A one standard deviation increase in eigenvector centrality before the laboratory was significantly associated with a 44% decrease in odds of failing the examination (OR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.34, 0.92). Changes in centrality measures were not associated with the performance of students in the examination. Higher in‐class network centrality was associated with lower odds of failing the written examination.
Me, my child and Covid‐19: Parents' reflections on their child's experiences of lockdown in the UK and China
Authors: Hoskins Kate , Thu Thu , Xu Yuwei , Gao Jie , Zhai Junqing
Published: January 2023

Over the past 2 years, the world has been living through the unprecedented Covid‐19 pandemic. Children have had to adapt to online classrooms and lessons of some sort, and many parents have been forced to work from home while supervising their child's home learning activities. We used participatory visual methods to understand how children and their parents have coped during this time, engaging parents as co‐researchers to ask their child to photograph and/or draw pictures that represent their daily lived experiences over the lockdown period. We then asked parents to interview their children (24 in total, 13 in the UK and 11 in China), using the children's artwork as prompts, and finally we interviewed parents. Through the data collection process, parents captured their children's experiences and feelings since the coronavirus struck. The data was analysed using Foucault's theory of discourse to provide unique and comparative insights into children's experiences in the UK and China during this exceptional time. Ours is the first study to integrate parents' and children's views of Covid‐19, drawing on parents as co‐researchers. We argue that combining the data collection methods and drawing on parents as co‐researchers enabled parents to gain insights into an understanding of their child's lived experiences throughout the pandemic that might otherwise have been unknown. These insights were often unexpected for parents, and have been grouped around themes of parental relief, anxiety and understanding.
Mutation of the attractin gene impairs working memory in rats
Authors: Liu Meng‐Qi , Xue Cheng , Li Xiao‐Hui , Ding Hong‐Qun , Zhang Meng‐Yu , Chen Kai , Li Ying , Gao Shu‐Zhan , Xu Xi‐Jia , Zhang Wei‐Ning
Published: January 2023

Objective

Attractin (ATRN) is a widely expressed member of the cell adhesion and guidance protein family in humans that is closely related to cellular immunity and neurodevelopment. However, while previous studies in our laboratory have confirmed the effect of ATRN mutations on long‐term memory, its specific role and the molecular mechanism by which it influences spatial cognition are poorly understood.

Methods

This study aimed to examine the effect of ATRN mutations on working memory in water maze with a novel ATRN‐mutant rat generated by the CRISPR/Cas9 system; the mutation involved the substitution of the 505th amino acid, glycine (G), with cysteine (C), namely, a mutation from GGC to TGC. The changes in myelin basic protein (MBP) expression in rats were also analyzed with the western blot.

Results

The ATRN‐G505C(KI/KI) rats exhibited significant increases in the required latency and distance traveled to locate the escape platform in a Morris water maze test of working memory. In addition, the expression of MBP was reduced in ATRN‐mutant rats, as shown in the western blot analysis.

Conclusion

Our results indicate that ATRN gene mutations may directly lead to the impairment of working memory in the water maze; this impairment may be due to the inhibition of MBP expression, which in turn affects the spatial cognition.
Dihydropyrimidinase‐like 2 can serve as a novel therapeutic target and prognostic biomarker in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Li Fenglin , Ling Qing , Lian Jiaying , Chen Ying , Hu Chao , Yang Min , Zhang Xiang , Li Chenying , Mao Shihui , Ye Wenle , Li Xia , Lin Xiangjie , Wei Wenwen , Huang Xin , Pan Jiajia , Qian Yu , Wang Jinghan , Lu Ying , Jin Jie
Published: January 2023

Background

Identifying therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers significantly contributes to individualized treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Dihydropyrimidinase‐like 2 (DPYSL2) expression was decreased in homoharringtonine (HHT)‐resistant AML cells, which were established by our group. DPYSL2 plays an important role in axon growth and has oncogene effect in glioblastoma. However, little research has been conducted to investigate the function of DPYSL2 in AML pathogenesis.

Methods

Auto‐docking was used to reveal the targeting relationship between HHT and DPYSL2. Overall survival (OS), event‐free survival (EFS), and relapse‐free survival (RFS) were used to evaluate the prognostic impact of DPYSL2 for AML. ShRNA was used to knockdown the expression of SPATS2L. Apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry. In vivo growth and survival were assessed using a xenotransplantation mice model. RNA sequencing was performed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of SPATS2L in AML and were confirmed by Western blot.

Results

We found DPYSL2 was the target of HHT. Next, we found AML cell lines and patients had higher DPYSL2 expression levels than the normal samples. Further multivariate analysis demonstrated that high DPYSL2 expression was an independent poor prognostic factor for OS, EFS, and RFS in AML. Inhibition of DPYSL2 expression suppressed cell growth, induced apoptosis in AML cell lines, and prolonged the survival of AML xenograft NCG mice. Through RNA‐seq analysis from TCGA and our data, the JAK2/STAT3/STAT5‐PI3K P85/AKT/GSK3b axis was thought to be the critical pathway in regulating DPYSL2 in AML development.

Conclusions

We first time confirmed that DPYSL2 was a target of HHT and played an oncogene role in AML by regulating JAK/STAT signaling pathway. Therefore, DPYSL2 could serve as a novel prognostic marker and therapeutic target for AML treatment.
Molecular Mechanism of the Role of Apigenin in the Treatment of Hyperlipidemia: A Network Pharmacology Approach
Authors: Li Shuhan , Wang Zizhao , Zhou Zhengnan , Gao Zhiyuan , Liu Yuai , Li Jie , Gao Xingbang , Liu Jing , Liu Hanbing , Xu Qian
Published: January 2023

The therapeutic effect of apigenin (APG) on hyperlipidemia was investigated using network pharmacology combined with molecular docking strategy, and the potential targets of APG in the treatment of hyperlipidemia were explored. Genetic Ontology Biological Process (GOBP) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) Pathway enrichment analysis of common targets were performed. Then, molecular docking was used to predict the binding mode of APG to the target. Finally, Sprague Dawley rats were used to establish a hyperlipidemia model. The expression levels of insulin (INS) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) mRNA in each group were detected by quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction. Network pharmacological studies revealed that the role of APG in the treatment of hyperlipidemia was through the regulation of INS, VEGFA, tumor necrosis factor, epidermal growth factor receptor, matrix metalloprotein 9, and other targets, as well as through the regulation of the hypoxia‐inducible factor 1 (HIF‐1) signaling pathway, fluid shear stress, and atherosclerosis signaling pathways, vascular permeability; APG also participated in the regulation of glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism, and acted on vascular endothelial cells, and regulated vascular tone. Molecular docking showed that APG binds to the target with good efficiency. Experiments showed that after APG treatment, the expression levels of INS and VEGFA mRNA in the model group were significantly decreased (p<0.01). In conclusion, APG has multiple targets and affects pathways involved in the treatment of hyperlipidemia by regulating the HIF‐1 signaling pathway, fluid shear stress, and the atherosclerosis pathway.
An Innovative Bi12SiO20 Multistage Cubic Nanospheres Cathode for High‐Performance Bi//Zn Battery
Authors: Zhou Dongli , Lu Qiong , Li Zhangxin , Zhao Mengxiao , Li Shiji , Yin Keshu , Teng Chunlin
Published: January 2023

Alkaline Bi//Zn batteries with superb safety, low cost, and high power density are promising candidates for large‐scale electrical energy storage. However, their developments are severely limited by the Bi‐based cathode as the unsatisfying capacity and cycle life. Herein, an innovative multistage cubic nanospheres Bi12SiO20 (MCS‐Bi12SiO20) is successfully synthesized by a simple calcination method, which shows excellent energy storage performances of superior specific capacity (294 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1) and outstanding rate capability (134 mAh g−1 at 12 A g−1). When coupled with Zn anode a superior MCS‐Bi12SiO20//Zn is fabricated, which delivers a high energy density of 247.5 Wh kg−1 at the power density of 375 W kg−1. Additionally, the MCS‐Bi12SiO20//Zn battery shows excellent cycle life, which reserves more than 100 % of its original capacity after 5000 cycles. Such performance is higher than previously reported Bi//Zn battery and most other Zn batteries. This is the first example of using Bi12SiO20 as cathode for RAZBs, which may provide highly promising material towards better Bi//Zn battery.
Impact of Internal Charge Transfer on the Photophysical Properties of Pyridine‐Fused Phosphorus‐Nitrogen Heterocycles
Authors: McNeill J. N. , Kascoutas Melanie A. , Karas Lucas J. , Zakharov Lev N. , Wu Judy I. , Johnson Darren W. , Haley Michael M.
Published: January 2023

The phosphaquinolinone scaffold has been previously studied as a modular core for a variety of fluorescent species where use of substituent effects has focused on increasing or decreasing electron density in the core rings. We now report the synthesis and analysis of several pyridine‐containing phosphaquinolinone species exhibiting notable linear conjugation from the aryl‐substituent to electron‐withdrawing pyridyl nitrogen. Varying the nature of the aryl substituent from electron‐withdrawing to electron‐donating leads to the generation of an internal charge‐transfer (ICT) band in the absorbance spectrum, which becomes the dominant absorbance in terms of intensity in the most electron‐rich ‐NMe2 example. This heterocycle exhibits improved photophysical properties compared to others in the set including high quantum yield and considerably red‐shifted emission. The enhanced ICT can be observed in the X‐ray data where a rare example of molecule co‐planarity is observed. Computational data show increased localization of negative charge on the pyridyl nitrogen as the electron‐donating character of the aryl‐substituent increases.
Development of Potent and Highly Selective Epoxyketone‐Based Plasmodium Proteasome Inhibitors
Authors: Almaliti Jehad , Fajtová Pavla , Calla Jaeson , LaMonte Gregory M. , Feng Mudong , Rocamora Frances , Ottilie Sabine , Glukhov Evgenia , Boura Evzen , Suhandynata Raymond T. , Momper Jeremiah D. , Gilson Michael K. , Winzeler Elizabeth A. , Gerwick William H. , O'Donoghue Anthony J.
Published: January 2023

Here, we present remarkable epoxyketone‐based proteasome inhibitors with low nanomolar in vitro potency for blood‐stage Plasmodium falciparum and low cytotoxicity for human cells. Our best compound has more than 2,000‐fold greater selectivity for erythrocytic‐stage P. falciparum over HepG2 and H460 cells, which is largely driven by the accommodation of the parasite proteasome for a D‐amino acid in the P3 position and the preference for a difluorobenzyl group in the P1 position. We isolated the proteasome from P. falciparum cell extracts and determined that the best compound is 171‐fold more potent at inhibiting the β5 subunit of P. falciparum proteasome when compared to the same subunit of the human constitutive proteasome. These compounds also significantly reduce parasitemia in a P. berghei mouse infection model and prolong survival of animals by an average of 6 days. The current epoxyketone inhibitors are ideal starting compounds for orally bioavailable anti‐malarial drugs.
Chiral Carbon Dots: Synthesis and Applications in Circularly Polarized Luminescence, Biosensing and Biology
Authors: Yan Xuetao , Zhao Huijuan , Zhang Ke , Zhang Zhiwei , Chen Yingying , Feng Lingyan
Published: January 2023

Chiral carbon dots (CDs) are a novel luminescent zero‐dimensional carbon‐based nanomaterial with chirality. They not only have the advantages of good biocompatibility, multi‐color‐emission, easy functionalization, but also exhibits highly symmetrical chiral optical characteristics, which broadens their applicability to enantioselectivity of some chiral amino acids like cysteine and lysine, asymmetric catalysis as well as biomedicine in gene expression and antibiosis. In addition, the exploration of the excited state chirality of CDs has developed its excellent circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) properties, opening up a new application scenario like recognition of chiral light sources and anti‐counterfeit printing with information encryption. This review mainly focuses on the mature synthesis approaches of chiral CDs, including chiral ligand method and supramolecular self‐assembly method, then we consider emerging applications of chiral CDs in CPL, biosensing and biological effect. Finally, we concluded with a perspective on the potential challenges and future opportunities of such fascinating chiral CDs.
An Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV) Reverse Genetics Rescue System and Neutralization Assay in Chicken B Cells
Authors: Reddy Vishwanatha R. A. P. , Nazki Salik , Asfor Amin , Broadbent Andrew J.
Published: January 2023

Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is a major threat to the productivity of the poultry industry due to morbidity, mortality, and immunosuppression that exacerbates secondary infections and reduces the efficacy of vaccination programs. Field strains of IBDV have a preferred tropism for chicken B cells, the majority of which reside in the bursa of Fabricius (BF). IBDV adaptation to adherent cell culture is associated with mutations altering amino acids in the hypervariable region (HVR) of the capsid protein, which affects immunogenicity and virulence. Until recently, this has limited both the application of reverse genetics systems for engineering molecular clones, and the use of in vitro neutralization assays, to cell‐culture‐adapted strains of IBDV. Here, we describe the rescue of molecular clones of IBDV containing the HVR from diverse field strains, along with a neutralization assay to quantify antibody responses against the rescued viruses, both using chicken B cells. These methods are readily adaptable to any laboratory with molecular biology expertise and negate the need to obtain wild‐type strains. © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: A chicken B‐cell rescue system for IBDV

Basic Protocol 2: A chicken B‐cell neutralization assay for IBDV
1,3‐Sulfinate Migration Triggered by α‐Imino Carbene and Divergent Zwitterion Cyclization: Synthesis of Cyclopropane, Dihydropyrrole, and Azepane Ring Systems
Authors: Xu Huaping , Kong Xiaoyu , Cen Mengjie , Xu Ze‐Feng , Duan Shengguo , Li Chuan‐Ying
Published: January 2023

Cyclopropane, dihydropyrrole, and azepane ring systems were synthesized conveniently from sulfinate‐tethered triazoles. The divergent synthetic strategy started with the unique 1,3‐sulfinate migration of an α‐imino carbene. The efficient reaction allowed control of the zwitterion bearing multiple reactive sites depending on the increased stability of the resulting carbocation and anion. The sulfinate was converted to a sulfone after the group migration, and a stable anion bearing two electron‐withdrawing groups was thus formed. Catalytic amounts of iodide acted as a switch for the synthesis of cyclopropanes and dihydropyrroles. The reaction merits including readily available substrates, mild reaction conditions, and excellent functional group compatibility qualified this protocol a possible synthetic tool for cyclic compounds, especially for N‐heterocycles.
Greenland Ice Sheet Ice Slab Expansion and Thickening
Authors: Jullien Nicolas , Tedstone Andrew Jachnik , Machguth Horst , Karlsson Nanna B. , Helm Veit
Published: January 2023

We use airborne accumulation radar data acquired over the Greenland Ice
Sheet between 2002 and 2018 to identify changes in ice slab extent and
thickness. We show that ice slabs several metres thick were already
present at least as early as 2002. Between 2012 and 2018, they expanded
13,400-17,600  inland, or by 37-44%. Our results document that the
extremely warm summer of 2012 produced near-surface ice layers at higher
elevations, enabling ice slabs to develop in locations with only
moderate melting in the following summers. With repeated flights over a
transect in southwest Greenland, we show that ice slabs can thicken from
above and on their undersides. Moderate melting primarily thickens ice
slabs by top-down accretion, while large melting events can also trigger
ice accretion below the slabs.
Season-Long Simplification of Insect Communities in Dung From Cattle Treated With an Extended-Release Formulation of the Parasiticide Eprinomectin
Authors: Backmeyer Sydney J. , Goater Cameron , Challis Jonathan K. , Floate Kevin D.
Published: January 2023

Cattle treated with LongRange®, an injectable formulation of the parasiticide eprinomectin, fecally excrete insecticidal residues for an extended period post application. We examined the nontarget effect of these residues by comparing insect communities developing in dung of untreated cattle (week 0) with those developing in dung of cattle treated 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 or 25 weeks previously. Chemical analyses of dung showed that eprinomectin concentrations peaked at 1 week post application and were still detectable at 25 weeks. Results from two separate experiments showed that dung of untreated cattle supported more total insects (beetles, flies, parasitoid wasps) and insect species than did dung of cattle treated for ≤12 weeks (Experiment 1) and ≤25 weeks (Experiment 2) previously. For the two experiments, an effect of residue on individual taxa was either not detected (nine cases) or was determined to suppress insect development in dung of cattle treated for 8–12 weeks (two cases), 12–16 weeks (three cases), 16–20 weeks (two cases), or 24 or 25 weeks (six cases) previously. Flies and their parasitoid wasps were particularly sensitive to residues with suppression often at or near 100%. These results show that cattle treated with LongRange in spring will fecally excrete residues for the entire grazing season with an associated simplification of the dung insect community. The effect of this simplification on the long-term health on dung-breeding populations of insects on pastures and dung degradation was not examined in the present study, but merits future research. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:684–697. © 2023 His Majesty the King in Right of Canada and The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC. Reproduced with the permission of the Minister of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada.
Responsiveness variability during anaesthesia relates to inherent differences in brain structure and function of the frontoparietal networks
Authors: Deng Feng , Taylor Nicola , Owen Adrian M. , Cusack Rhodri , Naci Lorina
Published: January 2023

Anaesthesia combined with functional neuroimaging provides a powerful approach for understanding the brain mechanisms of consciousness. Although propofol is used ubiquitously in clinical interventions that reversibly suppress consciousness, it shows large inter‐individual variability, and the brain bases of this variability remain poorly understood. We asked whether three networks key to conscious cognition—the dorsal attention (DAN), executive control (ECN), and default mode (DMN)—underlie responsiveness variability under anaesthesia. Healthy participants (N = 17) were moderately anaesthetized during narrative understanding and resting‐state conditions inside the Magnetic Resonance Imaging scanner. A target detection task measured behavioural responsiveness. An independent behavioural study (N = 25) qualified the attention demands of narrative understanding. Then, 30% of participants were unaffected in their response times, thus thwarting a key aim of anaesthesia—the suppression of behavioural responsiveness. Individuals with stronger functional connectivity within the DAN and ECN, between them, and to the DMN, and with larger grey matter volume in frontal regions were more resilient to anaesthesia. For the first time, we show that responsiveness variability during propofol anaesthesia relates to inherent differences in brain structure and function of the frontoparietal networks, which can be predicted prior to sedation. Results highlight novel markers for improving awareness monitoring during clinical anaesthesia.
Modelling macroinvertebrate hydraulic preferences in alpine streams
Authors: Becquet Juliette , Lamouroux Nicolas , Forcellini Maxence , Cauvy‐Fraunié Sophie
Published: January 2023

Alpine streams face rapid hydrological changes due to the effects of global warming, glacier melting, and increased water uses such as hydropower production. Defining environmental flows (e‐flow) is crucial to mitigate the ecological impacts of flow alterations. Among e‐flow assessment methods, hydraulic habitat models predict changes in habitat suitability for aquatic species under different flow scenarios. They couple hydraulic models of stream reaches with biological models relating the abundance of taxa to microhabitat hydraulics. However, there is currently no suitable biological models for alpine, often fishless streams. In this study, we develop biological models for dominant macroinvertebrate taxa in alpine streams and compare their responses to hydraulics with those published in lowland streams. Using data collected in 150 microhabitats along a gradient of shear stress within five alpine streams, we performed generalized linear mixed models relating macroinvertebrate abundance to microhabitat hydraulics (shear stress, flow velocity, Froude number and water depth). We developed biological models for 41 taxa, and observed significant microhabitat selection for shear stress (18 taxa), velocity (20), Froude number (21), and depth (11). Most of them presented consistent responses across studied alpine streams, with shear stress and velocity as the main drivers. For common taxa, shapes of macroinvertebrate responses to hydraulics were comparable with those observed in lowland streams. Nevertheless, taxa preferred slightly lower shear stress in alpine streams compared to lowland streams, probably due to high‐fine sediment and oxygen concentrations, especially for taxa feeding on autochthonous organic matter. Many (23%) abundant taxa are rheophilic in alpine streams, thereby threatened by flow reduction, including the glacial stream specialists Diamesinae and Rhithrogena delphinensis, which will be also affected by glacier retreat. Combined with hydraulic models, our biological models will facilitate more robust e‐flow assessments, thereby reducing the impacts of flow alterations on alpine aquatic ecosystems.
Hydroelectric plant effects and climate change/land use impacts on flow regime in the tropical headwater watershed
Authors: Soares Laura Melo Vieira , Santos Hersília Andrade , Pereira Letícia Cristina Oliveira
Published: January 2023

The effects of hydropower plants (HPPs) and climate/land use change pose a threat to the natural river regime. Although some approaches distinguish the climate action from anthropogenic influence on hydrological regimes in large basins, few methods propose to separate the climate effects from the regulation consequences of unique/few dams. This paper presents a new method to quantify effects of HPP and climate change/land use under the main altered river regime components, which is based on flow duration curves. The method was applied in the Grande River (Brazil), which is regulated by a large reservoir (with surface area > 70 km2). The indicators of hydrological alterations and the range of variability approach indicated that all drivers' effects promoted a moderate alteration in five regime components. The Itutinga‐Camargos HPP implications were the major driver, with a contribution higher than 90% in every component, and it was responsible for a 0.28 × 109m3 year−1reduction in water superficial availability downstream. The flow regimes in headwater watersheds can be highly sensitive to dam operations, but other factors may aggravate their effects on river dynamics. The quantification of anthropogenic actions has possible applicability in other systems worldwide to assess the ecosystem services of flow regimes.