bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantum Error Correction and Fault-tolerant Quantum Computing
Authors: LEE Seung-Woo
Published: December 2024

Quantum error correction (QEC), providing systematic ways for protecting qubits from errors, is essential to achieve fault tolerance in building scalable quantum computing systems. QEC has been becoming the major keyword of quantum technology and research over the past few years with several experimental breakthroughs. In this article, I introduce the basic theory of QEC with all relevant concepts, recent experimental achievements, and technological challenges.
Introduction to Autonomous Quantum Error Correction
Authors: KWON Hyukjoon
Published: December 2024

Autonomous Quantum Error Correction (AutoQEC) has recently been emerged as a promising technique for suppressing errors in quantum computing devices. The main idea of the protocol is to overcome quantum noise through a passive approach using continuous-time open quantum dynamics. This article explains the basic mechanisms of AutoQEC and discusses the protocols’ usefulness, limitations, and prospects.
Small Modular Reactors and Virtual Reactor
Authors: CHO Yunje , CHOI Sung Hoon
Published: December 2024

In February of this year, the Ministry of Science and ICT launched a call for proposals for the Global TOP Strategic Research Groups project with the slogan “Bold Challenges from Research Institutes, Innovative Steps Together.” The Global TOP Strategic Research Groups initiative aims to establish an open collaborative framework focused on national missions that transcends the boundaries of research institutes, supporting them to achieve significant outcomes befitting national research organizations. This feature aims to briefly introduce the research background and goals of one of the five selected strategic research groups: the “Development of an SMR Virtual Reactor Platform.” This initiative, led by the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), the Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information (KISTI), and the Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), will be conducted over five years, starting from June 2024.
Development of SMR High-level Autonomous Operation Technology
Authors: KOO Seo Ryong , JANG Inseok , KIM Jae Min , CHAE Young Ho
Published: December 2024

Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) are rapidly gaining attention as a next-generation nuclear power plant. SMRs aim to reduce the number of operators according to the size of the plant and improve both safety and economic efficiency. To achieve this, the development of advanced autonomous operation technology is essential. Key technologies for high-level autonomous operation in SMRs include operation support and automation technologies that meet high-level automation levels. The Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) is conducting research and development on these technologies and also focusing on the human factors evaluation of integrated control centers for managing multiple SMR modules. Through such leading research, we hope to position itself as a global leader in the SMR market.
Magnetic Skyrmion and Unconventional Computing
Authors: YANG Seungmo , MOON Kyoung-Woong
Published: December 2024

As data generation and processing speeds have dramatically increased in the 21st century, conventional computing architecture is encountering its limitation. One promising candidate to address these issues is unconventional computing, which offers more efficient data processing and reduced energy consumption. This article focuses on magnetic skyrmions in the field of spintronics, a key platform for next-generation computing, and explores how they can be applied towards unconventional computing.
Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics Meets Diffusion Model
Authors: HAN Jung Hoon
Published: December 2024

It is becoming increasingly clear that well-established techniques in information theory and many-body physics are having an important bearing on various models of AI. I discuss one such prominent example known as the diffusion-based generative AI, or simply the diffusion model, whose ideas are firmly rooted in nonequilibrium statistical physics. I argue that data science may be the new “thermodynamics” of the 21st century and the time is ripe for physicists to make meaningful contributions to it.
AUTISTIC CHILDREN CLASSIFICATION WITH EFFICIENT CHANNEL SELECTION OF EEG SIGNALS BY VISIBILITY GRAPHS
Authors: Akbari Shokufeh , Rajabioun Mehdi
Published: December 2024

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is presented with significant challenges in diagnosis and intervention due to its multifaceted nature, varied symptomatology, and the high cost and time demands of behavior-based assessments. Traditional behavior-based tests, while effective, have been noted for being time-consuming and expensive. This study investigates an Electroencephalography (EEG)-based approach as a cost-effective, non-invasive alternative, utilizing minimal EEG channels to capture ASD-related abnormalities in brain oscillations with high temporal resolution. To enhance diagnostic accuracy, channel selection and feature extraction were optimized using filtering methods and particle swarm optimization. EEG data from individuals with ASD and control groups were analyzed, employing various visibility graph types and machine learning classifiers to assess coherence, causality, and time lag metrics. Results show that visibility graphs effectively capture brain connectivity differences in ASD, and machine learning classifiers trained on these features achieve higher classification accuracy compared to traditional methods. The efficacy of different visibility graph types and machine learning classifiers in ASD classification was analyzed, focusing on coherence, causality, and time lag methods. It is widely accepted that EEG signal patterns reliably reflect ASD-related abnormalities and that visibility graphs effectively represent brain connectivity. Limitations include the variability in EEG signal quality and the need for larger, more diverse datasets for validation. Comparative analysis has highlighted the pros and cons of other available methods, such as MRI and behavior-based assessments, emphasizing the superior cost-efficiency and accessibility of EEG approaches. The proposed method has been shown to outperform the existing methodologies quantitatively, achieving higher classification accuracy and performance by integrating horizontal and natural visibility graphs with machine learning classifiers. This study is presented as a significant step forward in ASD diagnosis and intervention, underscoring the potential of EEG-based technologies to revolutionize clinical practices and improve outcomes for individuals with ASD.
Experimental Study on Elastic Properties of M20 Grade Concrete as a Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregates with Plastic Waste
Authors: Narendra Reddy P. , Usman S. , Shashank G. , Priyaveni M. , Vinay K. , Shanmuk Chaithanya P.
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the elastic properties of M20 grade concrete by partially replacing the fine aggregates with plastic waste. Plastic waste possess a big problem for the environment because it cannot be biodegraded in nature. Incorporating it into concrete could be a solution to waste management and improve concrete performance. In this, waste plastic flakes of different proportions (1%,2%,3%,4%,5%) are partially replaced with fine aggregate for achieving the better elastic strength in concrete. The findings provide insight into the feasibility and effectiveness of using plastic waste in concrete production.
Performance of Modified Buton Asphalt with Marine Fuel Oil in Asphalt Pavement Mixtures
Authors: Karyawan I. Dewa Made Alit , Anshari Buan , Rahmatin Insan Putri , Sideman Ida Ayu Oka Suwati , Mahendra Made
Published: December 2024

The use of asphalt in road construction remains a top choice in many countries due to its advantages in providing a smooth surface, resistance to vehicle loads, and weather resistance. The limited availability of oil asphalt (AMI) as a binding material for road pavement layers causes the price to be expensive. The need for asphalt for road construction (excluding maintenance) reaches 1.6 million tons/year. Therefore, various efforts have been made to suppress the use of AMIs. One of the currently used asphalt is Asbuton extraction modified asphalt (AMO). In this regard, the purpose of the study is: To analyze the performance of AC-BC mixtures using a combination of AMI and AMO with Marine Fuel Oil (MFO) and to determine the best proportion of AMI and AMO combinations for AC-BC mixtures. Experiments were conducted in a laboratory using the Marshall Method. The best proportion of AMO usage is sought by making 5 variations of AMI and AMO comparisons, namely 100%:0%, 75%:25%, 50%:50%, 25%:75%, 0%:100%. The results of the Performance of Modified Buton Asphalt with Marine Fuel Oil in Asphalt Pavement Mixtures research are 1) The use of AMO for AC-BC mixtures can be used up to a proportion of 50% to AMI, but above 50% is not eligible because the flow value is above 4%; 2) The best proportion is obtained at 50%AMI proportion: 50%AMO, with the highest stability for the range that meets the requirements. Recommendations for improving the results are experiments with varying proportions of AMO between 50% and 70% to identify more flexible tolerance limits and mixture adjustments that may allow the use of AMO in higher proportions. This includes research on modifying additives or other materials that may reduce the flow value.
An Experimental Investigation on Partial Replacement of Cement by Zeolite in M25 Concrete
Authors: Narasimhulu E. , Surya T. , Supraja K , Sai Kumar G. , Vignesh A. , Nikhil T.
Published: December 2024

This research project focuses on the experimental investigation of using zeolite as a partial replacement for cement in M25 grade concrete. Zeolite, a naturally occurring mineral with pozzolanic properties, has gained attention as a sustainable alternative to cement in concrete production. The study aims to assess the effects of incorporating zeolite on the properties of M25 concrete, such as compressive strength, durability, and workability. Through a series of laboratory tests and analysis, the project intends to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of utilizing zeolite in reducing cement content while maintaining the required performance standards of M25 concrete. The findings of this research could contribute to promoting eco-friendly practices in the construction industry by reducing the environmental impact of cement production.
Effect of Silicon-Based Surfactant on Compression Strength, Morphology, and Flammability of the Aluminium Hydroxide-Filled Rigid Polyurethane Foam
Authors: Elhadi Abosnina Aisha , Mohamad Zurina Binti Mohamad , Abdul Majid Rohah
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the impact of NiaxTM Silicone L-5440, a silicon-based surfactant, on the foaming behaviors of rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) filled with aluminium hydroxide (ATH). The aim is to understand the effect of the surfactant on the compression strength, morphology, and flammability of the foam. Various concentrations of the surfactant, ranging from 0.5 to 3 pphp, were incorporated into the RPUF/ATH blend. Five key parameters were examined, including density, closed-cell content, structural characterization using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), compressive strength, and UL-94 rating. The results revealed that adding the silicon surfactant significantly influenced the foam properties. Foam formulations with lower surfactant concentrations resulted in denser foam with a higher percentage of closed cells (86.24%). The morphology of the foams exhibited variation in average pore sizes, initially decreasing and subsequently increasing with increasing surfactant concentration. Notably, the compressive strength of the foam increased when the surfactant concentration reached 1 pphp. Moreover, the inclusion of the surfactant improved the flammability characteristics, as evidenced by a UL-94 rating of V-1 without dripping.
Qualitative Assessment of a Construction Building
Authors: Anil A. , Reddy Thanuja G. , Siva Sankar B. , Venu Gopal V. , Dinesh Kumar E. Venkata , Sai Kumar S.
Published: December 2024

A construction building's structural integrity, material quality, workmanship, and conformity to design specifications were all assessed qualitatively. Potential problems like cracks, corrosion, or subpar construction techniques were found during the examination through visual inspections, material testing, and documentation analysis. Guidelines for upkeep, fixes, or structural improvements were offered to guarantee the building's longevity, security, and adherence to rules. The evaluation sought to improve the building's durability, functionality, and occupant safety while correcting any flaws to preserve structural integrity.
Design and Fabrication an Novel Orbital Welding Equipment
Authors: Thien Tran Ngoc , Minh Pham Son , Trung Do Thanh , Uyen Tran Minh The
Published: December 2024

Orbital welding is a relatively meticulous and precise welding technique. To achieve orbital welding, this technique is mainly used in aviation, fission fuel and other industries. For example, it can be used to join long pipes in pressure vessels. The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the orbital welding process and equipment. The research completed to date is presented here to provide a report on orbital welding. It uses a U-shaped welding tip in a specific welding application where the arc from the tungsten electrode is rotated 360° to perform the welding.
Evaluating publicness of public space and its transforming pattern: A case of the inner courtyard at Khulna new market
Authors: Morshed A. , Sami M. G. , Islam N. , Dola M. Y.
Published: December 2024

Public space is one of the fundamental elements of urban morphology, and it is essential to understand its different dynamics. Different concepts define diversified perspectives of public spaces. There are various definitions, but the most critical characteristic of public space is its publicness. This paper aims to understand different dimensions and indicators of publicness from both theoretical and practical aspects and how the patterns are transforming through the perspective of a city. Publicness is the essential quality that gives public space its 'public' character, and over the period, it keeps changing and enriching itself; at the same time, it reconstructs the patterns of urban areas, engaging local community and individuals as well as urban environment. Public spaces gain publicness through spontaneous and purposeful actions and transform their framework and scheme. Generally, the publicness of a space is the complex and dynamic relationship among community, urban morphology, and public property. This paper explores Khulna New Market's publicness after the inner court's redevelopment to understand the fundamental framework based on the functions, values, community engagement, and changes according to the publicness concept.
Decision-supportive framework towards sustainable adaptive reuse of historic buildings in Sri Lankan context
Authors: Jayakody J. P. N. S. , Munasinghe J. M. , Hewawasam C.
Published: December 2024

The research paper explores the sustainable adaptive reuse of historic buildings within the Sri Lankan context, addressing challenges and proposing a decision-making framework. It emphasizes the importance of adaptive reuse in urban conservation and regeneration. Through an empirical approach and extensive literature review, key factors influencing project success are identified, leading to the development of a dynamic decision-supportive framework. Despite encountering limitations, such as custodian reluctance, the research perseveres, drawing insights from diverse case studies. The findings underscore the framework's adaptability and its potential application in various settings. The paper concludes by advocating for ongoing refinement and validation of the framework to empower stakeholders in navigating the complexities of adaptive reuse projects and ensuring the sustainable conservation of Sri Lanka's historic treasures.
A game theory-based decision-making framework for sustainable urban planning: optimizing residential density with the aid of machine learning techniques
Authors: Weragama Tharindu , Jayasinghe Amila , Hasan Farasath
Published: December 2024

Residential density planning is crucial for urban growth, impacting resource use, sustainability, and quality of life. The urban fabric is significantly influenced by the decisions made by planners and stakeholders regarding building footprints. Aligned with the conference’s focus on sustainable solutions, this research introduces a Game-Theoretic Interactive Decision-Making (GTIDM) tool that combines game theory (GT) and machine learning (ML). This framework model’s stakeholder behavior in residential density planning enhances decision-making and promotes sustainable urban development. In complex, competitive, and conflicting decision-making contexts, a game-theoretic framework is used to achieve optimal results by considering all possible scenarios. Three diverse density character zones were selected, including two within and one outside the Colombo Municipal Council (CMC), and subjected to the model's application. Expert validation indicated that while both simultaneous and sequential models replicate realistic data, the simultaneous model is more suitable for determining ideal building density. This study demonstrates the integration of GT and ML as a powerful strategy for individual and group decision-making in urban planning. Accurately calculated payoffs using the GTIDM model, which align with the study’s goals and strategies, are crucial. Rationalizing residential density decisions encourages better stakeholder judgments, thereby promoting sustainable solutions and advancing sustainable urban density practices.
Explore the viability of utilizing jackfruit leaves (Artocarpus heterophyllus) as a sustainable resource for the production of particleboard for interior applications
Authors: Welagedara T. , Mendis M.
Published: December 2024

This research investigates the potential of utilizing jackfruit leaves as a sustainable material for particle boards in interior applications. With the increasing concern for environmental sustainability and the need for alternative materials in the design industry, exploring natural resources like jackfruit leaves offers a promising avenue.The study begins with a comprehensive literature review, examining the availability, properties, and environmental impact of jackfruit leaves, as well as the standards of a particle board. The research methodology involves experimental sampling, data collection, and analysis, supplemented by a survey to assess viability and preferences. Key findings include the identification of optimal ratios of jackfruit leaves, water, and adhesive for particle board formation, along with physical and mechanical properties testing to evaluate suitability. Additionally, the research examines the aesthetic appeal and practicality of jackfruit leaf particle boards in interior design contexts.The results demonstrate that jackfruit leaves can indeed be utilized effectively, yielding particle boards with comparable properties to traditional materials. This study contributes to the growing body of research on sustainable materials and offers practical insights for the utilization of agricultural waste in manufacturing processes.
Enhancing building resilience: the role of future weather data in building design
Authors: Gupta A. , Thounaojam A. , Vaidya P.
Published: December 2024

With climate change driving unprecedented shifts in global weather patterns, the need to future-proof building designs has become critical. Current design practices predominantly rely on simulations and analysis that use Typical Meteorological Year (TMY) files, which are based on historical weather data and may not reflect future climatic conditions. This could result in buildings that may not be able to adapt to long-term climate change. Our study examines whether the use of future weather data in design analysis points to different strategies and is necessary to successfully predict building performance.We used predicted future weather data for 2080 in Bangalore, India, which forecasts a global temperature of 4°C temperature increase and historical Typical Meteorological Year (TMY) data, compared these data, conducted analysis to determine the passive and active strategies that get prioritised from the analysis and compare these. We used a calibrated Building Energy Simulation (BES) model of a building in Bangalore to determine how the performance of the building changes under future weather conditions.The future weather indicates significant temperature rise across all seasons, increase in summer temperatures of 10°C; decreasing relative humidity in summer and increasing in winter; a reduction of 16.2% for number of hours in the comfort range. The design analysis indicated that different active and passive design strategies gets prioritised for the future weather scenario.The calibrated models shows that while the passive design features incorporated in the building are adequate for the TMY weather conditions, they may fail to maintain thermal comfort in the future. The percentage of discomfort hours in the future condition increased by 37%.These findings indicate for future-proof our buildings it is necessary to use future weather data during the design stages while selecting climate-responsive strategies. Analysis methods must incorporate future weather conditions for climate resilient building. The findings also indicate that the sole use of current weather data results in passive and active strategies that will not be appropriate for future climate-changed forced weather conditions.
A Comprehensive Study on the 16S rRNA Gene of Major Phytoplasma Diseases in Sri Lanka with their Close Relatives
Authors: Dayasena Y. A. P. K.
Published: December 2024

Phytoplasmas are plant pathogenic mollicutes that have a significant impact on the sugarcane and coconut plantations in Sri Lanka. Sugarcane and coconut have been reported as hosts for many phytoplasmas in Asia and Africa that show almost similar symptoms. A comprehensive study on the phytoplasma disease reported in Sri Lanka will be useful for prospective disease management practices. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the 16S rRNA gene identity of phytoplasmas associated with major diseases in Sri Lanka and compare them with their close relatives worldwide to assess their genetic relationships. Seventeen phytoplasma isolates 16S rRNA gene sequences ranging from 773 bp to 1768 bp including eight SCWL and SCGS, three WCLW and four other different coconut phytoplasma, and two different grass phytoplasma sequences were retrieved from NCBI-GenBank. The ‘Candidadtus’ phytoplasma species assignment and phytoplasma groups and subgroups were determined by the iPhyClassifier tool. The sequence identity was studied by the Clustal Omega tool and phylogenetic analysis was done with the Maximum Likelihood method. All the SCWL, SCGS, CKW, and CYD belonged to ‘Ca. P. cynodontis' species. The WCLW isolates and SCWL Sri Lankan isolates showed a very close sequence identity, ranging from 98.84% to 99.89%, and clustered within the same monophyletic group in the phylogenetic tree. The two grass phytoplasma isolates found in Sri Lanka showed sequence identities ranging from 96.06% to 98.32% with WCLW phytoplasmas, which is lower than their identity with SCWL phytoplasmas. The WCLW phytoplasma also showed a close genetic and phylogenetic relationship with CKW and CYD diseases reported in neighboring countries. The two coconut phytoplasma diseases reported in African countries were more distantly related to all other phytoplasmas isolates and many INDELS were observed in the 16S rRNA gene.
Exploring the Blockchain's Green Revolution in Medicinal Plant Supply Chains (Blossoming Trust) – A Review
Authors: Bandara K. M. N. T. K. , Katukurunda K. G. W. K.
Published: December 2024

The integration of blockchain technology in the cultivation, farming, conservation, and propagation of medicinal plants and organic farming offers a transformative solution to address key challenges in these industries. This study examines blockchain’s potential to revolutionize these practices by enhancing supply chain traceability, provenance verification, and fair-trade promotion through smart contracts. Utilizing a systematic approach in descriptive analysis, the review investigates blockchain’s role in fostering collaboration, transparency, and innovation, contributing to sustainable and ethical sourcing in medicinal plant supply chains. The methodology relies on secondary data, guided by specific research questions targeting blockchain’s ability to address challenges in traceability, fraud prevention, and environmental sustainability in the medicinal plant sector. These questions align with the study’s objectives, enabling an organized examination of blockchain’s applications and benefits. Data collection involves sourcing from peer-reviewed journals, industry reports, and case studies from databases such as PubMed, IEEE Xplore, and ScienceDirect, focusing on studies published from 2013 to 2023. Inclusion criteria are based on relevance to themes like fraud prevention, transparency, and ecological impact in medicinal plant supply chains, alongside blockchain’s broader implications. Data extraction and analysis identify key themes, including blockchain’s applications, benefits, and barriers to adoption, highlighting its potential to improve traceability, authentication, and eco-friendly practices within medicinal plant transactions. The methodology includes diagrammatic representations illustrating blockchain’s role across each supply chain phase, from sourcing and certification to end-user delivery, to clarify transaction flows and underscore blockchain’s transformative impact. Despite implementation challenges, this study argues that blockchain offers considerable potential for sustainable medicinal plant resource management. By addressing literature gaps regarding blockchain’s impact on biodiversity and ethical sourcing, the review raises awareness and advocates for the technology’s adoption. With innovation and collaboration, stakeholders can unlock blockchain’s full potential, promoting a resilient, ecologically conscious future for global herbal medicine production. In conclusion, blockchain is highlighted as a powerful tool for enhancing transparency, accountability, and regulatory compliance in the medicinal plant industry, fostering responsible resource management and sustainable practices.
Design of attitude-adjustable chassis and dynamic stress analysis of key components for crawler combine harvester
Authors: Hu Jinpeng , Yu Yang , Ma Tianle , Liu Peng , Xu Lizhang
Published: December 2024

To address the issues of leveling difficulties and poor stability of crawler combine harvesters in hilly and mountainous regions, this research analyzed the mechanical causes of overturning instability in crawler combine harvesters and designed an omnidirectional attitude adjustment chassis based on a five-bar mechanism. A 3D model was developed in SolidWorks, and coupled rigid-flexible simulations were performed using RecurDyn. Results showed that the chassis could achieve an overall lift, lateral adjustments and longitudinal adjustments (0-100 mm, -5.18° to 5.55° and -4.06° to 5.15° respectively), with maximum dynamic stress occurring on the left front and left rear rotational arms. A dynamic stress testing system was established to conduct response surface experiments. Field test results revealed that the primary factors affecting the maximum stress of the left front rotational arm were the grain tank loading mass, lateral adjustment angle, and longitudinal adjustment angle. For the left rear rotational arm, the order was the longitudinal adjustment angle, lateral adjustment angle, and grain tank loading mass. Validation tests showed that at a lateral adjustment angle of 3.61°, a longitudinal adjustment angle of 3.20°, and a grain tank load of 350 kg, the average maximum stresses were 483.19 MPa for the left front rotational arm and 188.95 MPa for the left rear rotational arm, with corresponding structural safety factors of 1.61 and 4.31, meeting strength requirements. This work provides methods for optimizing the design and reliability testing of agricultural machinery chassis with attitude adjustment functions in hilly terrains.
Some reformulations and extensions of the theory of rhythmic canons
Authors: Vuza Dan Tudor
Published: December 2024

The algebraic theory of periodic rhythmic canons was developed by the author of the present paper in connection with the study of a special class of rhythmic canons, nowadays referred as “Vuza canons”. A basic concept in the theory is the outer rhythm attached to a canon. In the original paper, for any given canon an auxiliary canon was constructed and the outer rhythm was expressed as an object attached to the latter canon. In the present paper we show that the outer rhythm can be expressed directly in terms of the given canon, without the need of an auxiliary construction. Strongly related to the outer rhythm is the canon category, which is a numerical measure of the periodic symmetry of the outer rhythm relative to the canon inner rhythm. We give a new definition of the category in terms of the stability groups associated to a canon. Many interesting results due to various authors have been obtained for Vuza canons, which by their definition must have maximal category. We show here that interesting facts can also be said about canons whose category is not maximal. We describe partitions of a canon into subcanons of minimal and maximal category and we discuss the relation between outer rhythm, category and a class of maps that can be regarded as natural morphisms between canons.
The Association between the Social Vulnerability Index and Access to California High School Athletic Trainers
Authors: Tao Frances , Turner Charis , Kliethermes Stephanie , Luke Anthony , Berrigan William , Hatamiya Nicolas
Published: December 2024

Context:

Social determinants of health are known to affect overall access to youth sports, however, it is not fully understood how multiple social determinants of health may impact access to school-based athletic training services.

Objective:

To determine the relationship between Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) scores on access to high school-based athletic trainers in California

Design:

Retrospective, cross-sectional study

Setting:

Online survey

Patients or Other Participants:

California Interscholastic Federation (CIF) high school respondents of the 2022-23 Participation Census

Main Outcome Measures:

Association between Social Vulnerability Index scores and access to school-based athletic trainer services

Methods:

This study uses data from CIF high school respondents of the 2022-23 Participation Census. School addresses were used to extract SVI scores from the U.S. Census Bureau. Separate multivariable logistic regressions and generalized linear mixed effects models assessed the relationships between access to school-based athletic training services and SVI scores at the census and county levels.

Results:

There were 1,598 respondent schools (65% public, 24% private, and 11% charter). 49% of schools reported having an athletic trainer, of which 41% were certified. Adjusted analyses revealed that increased vulnerability in household characteristics was associated with lower odds of access to athletic trainers and certified athletic trainers at both county (OR: 0.89 (95% CI: 0.80, 0.99); p = .04) and census tract levels (OR: 0.93 (95% CI: 0.89, 0.97); p = .002). Increased vulnerability in socioeconomic status was associated with lower odds of having an certified athletic trainer at the census tract level (OR: 0.94 (95% CI: 0.89, 0.98); p = .006), but not the county level (p = .16).

Conclusions:

Increased vulnerability in household characteristics is associated with decreased odds of access to high school-based athletic training services.
Evaluation of Acute and Sub-Chronic Toxicity of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in Sprague-Dawley Rats
Authors: Vaishnavi Vedam Venkata Kanthi , Banik Urmila , Sabesan Gokul Shankar , Adhikary Arun K. , Parasuraman Subramani
Published: December 2024

Background:

Probiotic-based bacteriotherapy has emerged as a potentially effective strategy for preventing infectious diseases. Lactobacillus strains consumed as probiotics and the safety of these spp. has been questioned due to reported unexpected responses. Hence, the present study has been conducted to evaluate the acute and sub-chronic toxicity of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats.

Materials and Methods:

The acute and sub-chronic toxicity effect of L. rhamnosus is studied in rats as per the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), test guideline 423 and 407, respectively.

Results:

In acute toxicity, L. rhamnosus at 1 × 107, 1 × 108, 1 × 109, and 1 × 1010 CFU/mL don’t show any toxic signs. In sub-chronic toxicity, L. rhamnosus at 1 × 106,1 × 107 and 1 × 108 CFU/mL dosages showed dose-depended changes in biochemical and haematological parameters. In this study, one male and one female rat administered with 1 x 108 CFU/mL of L. rhamnosus showed mortality on days 16 and 26, respectively. The animals administered with L. rhamnosus showed no histological changes in the organs such as heart, liver and kidney.

Conclusion:

L. rhamnosus exhibited mild-to-moderate toxic effects at the dose levels of 1 × 106 CFU/mL, 1 × 107 and 1 × 108 CFU/mL in rats.
The Effects of Lucilia sericata Larvae and Eisenia fetida Earthworm Extracts Either Alone or in Combination on Healing Third-Degree Burns in Male Mice
Authors: Reisi Radin , Esfarjani Masih Sharifzadeh , Gandomkar Alireza , Mahsa Amirmohammad , Salehi Hossein , Reisi Parham , Jokar Zahra
Published: December 2024

Background:

Burn as the most common injury disrupts the protective function of the skin and induces complications in patients. Therefore, the treatment of these patients presents a significant clinical challenge. This study evaluated the effects of Lucilia sericata (L. sericata) larvae and Eisenia fetida (E. fetida) earthworm extracts, alone or in combination, on the healing of third-degree burns in male mice.

Materials and Methods:

A third-degree burn model was induced on the skin of the interscapular region. Then, the extracts of larvae and earthworms were topically applied separately or simultaneously every other day for a 21-day period. To evaluate the process of wound healing, macroscopic parameters were monitored and examined during the study period. Finally, the animals were sacrificed, and skin sampling was performed for histological investigations.

Results:

The results of the study showed that both extracts of larvae and earthworm accelerated the wound-healing process (P < 0.01). The group receiving extract of earthworm had better wound healing than the groups receiving Vaseline and silver sulfadiazine, and histological evidences confirmed these observations. However, the use of two extracts simultaneously did not affect the wound-healing process.

Conclusion:

The results of this study demonstrated that the extracts of L. sericata larvae and E. fetida earthworm, especially E. fetida, include effective compounds that can significantly enhance the rate of burn wound healing. However, more studies are needed to identify and purify the effective compounds of these extracts involved in the process of wound healing.
Updating the Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern among Critical Priority Pathogens in the Intensive Care Unit in Northern Iran Post COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Rahimzadeh Golnar , Ghezljai Nadia , Rezai Shaghayegh , Rezai Raha , Navaiefar Mohammad Reza , Rezai Mohammad Sadegh , Moradi Masoud , Shakeri Mostafa
Published: December 2024

Background:

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the widespread and indiscriminate prescription of antibiotics led to a significant increase in antibiotic resistance and the emergence of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) strains. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in MDR Gram-negative isolates in the intensive care unit (ICU) of northern hospitals in Iran following the COVID-19 pandemic.

Materials and Methods:

This is a cross-sectional study. The samples were collected from patients with healthcare-associated infections at ICU of hospitals in northern Iran. Antimicrobial resistance was assessed using standard broth macrodilution, and resistance genes were accurately identified using the multiplex polymerase chain reaction method.

Results:

The present study revealed that the ICU had the highest frequency of MDR Acinetobacter baumannii infections (32.1%) and the lowest frequency of E. coli infections (12.6%). The frequency of resistance genes of A. baumannii is as follows: bla
OXA-51 (100%), ampC (99.12%), apA6 (90.35%), and bla
NDM (69.30%). Co-amoxiclav showed a 100% resistance rate, while Piperacillin-tazobactam had the lowest resistance rate at 38.2%.

Conclusions:

This study identified a high prevalence of MDR A. baumannii in ICU patients with healthcare-associated infections at northern hospitals in Iran, following COVID-19. Recommended treatments include Piperacillin-tazobactam or Meropenem.
Peiminine Enhances Doxorubicin Cytotoxicity and Downregulates hsa-miR-106a-5p and hsa -miR-181a-5p in Human Gastric Adenocarcinoma Cells
Authors: Hedayati Shirin , Soltanzadeh Hossein , Ghaleh Hadi Esmaeili Gouvarchin , Bonab Zahra Hojjati , Alvanegh Akbar Ghorbani
Published: December 2024

Background:

Gastric cancer (GC) is a prevalent and deadly cancer worldwide. Chemotherapy is the primary treatment, but some patients use herbal remedies, such as Peiminine from Fritillaria walujewii, for palliative care. Cancer cells can affect the expression of noncoding RNAs, like microRNA, which can then influence the expression of genes. This research aims to study the effects of Peiminine on Doxorubicin cytotoxicity and detect the expression levels of hsa-miR-106a-5p and hsa-miR-181a-5p in AGS human gastric adenocarcinoma cells.

Materials and Methods:

AGS cells were cultured and treated with different concentrations of Peiminine. An MTT assay was performed to determine the concentration of Peiminine required to prohibit 50% cell growth (IC50) and the cell viability percentage of the AGS cell line. The percentage of AGS cell line apoptosis was determined using acridine orange (AO) and ethidium bromide (EtBr). Finally, molecular studies were conducted to compare hsa-miR-106a-5p and hsa-miR-181a-5p expression in the control and treated groups.

Results:

According to the study, Peiminine has been found to enhance the cytotoxicity of Doxorubicin, which reduces cell viability and increases apoptosis in the AGS cell line. Furthermore, the study also indicates that the AGS cell line treated with Peiminine shows lower expression of hsa -miR-106a-5p and hsa -miR-181a-5p compared to the control group that was not treated.

Conclusion:

Peiminine enhances Doxorubicin’s effectiveness, inhibits AGS cell line growth, and reduces miRNA expression. Further research is needed for potential use as a supplementary GC treatment.
Comparative study of different doses of oral zinc supplementation in children with acute diarrhea
Authors: El Said Abd Rabou Nada , El Shafiey Rasha M. , El Bendary Amal S. , El Refaey Shymaa M.
Published: December 2024

Background

There are several mechanisms of action of zinc on acute diarrhea as zinc restores mucosal barrier integrity and enterocyte brush border enzyme activity, it promotes the production of antibodies and circulating lymphocytes against intestinal pathogens.

Aim

To evaluate the effect of oral zinc supplementation in different doses on the reduction of duration and severity of acute diarrhea in infants and children.

Patients and methods

This randomized controlled clinical trial was carried out on 80 infants and children aged less than 5 years old, both sexes, with acute diarrhea. Patients were divided into four equal groups: group 1: received oral zinc supplementation in a dose of 20 mg/day for 14 days, group 2: received oral zinc supplementation in a dose of 40 mg/day for 14 days, group 3: received oral zinc supplementation in a dose of 60 mg/day for 14 days and group 4: did not receive.

Results

Diarrhea frequency and duration of diarrhea were significantly decreased in group 3 more than group 2 more than group 1, while group 4 showed a significantly higher frequency of diarrhea after 14 days and a longer duration of diarrhea compared with all other groups. Zinc levels were significantly higher after treatment compared with before treatment in all groups (P <0.001). Low Zinc supplementation, long duration of fever, long duration of diarrhea before treatment, and smaller rise in zinc levels were independent risk factors associated with persistent diarrhea more than 7 days after treatment.

Conclusions

Oral zinc supplementation reduces diarrhea’s duration and severity in all doses. The higher doses of zinc supplemented, the earlier the recovery from diarrheal episodes, with no serious adverse effects.
Lobster-claw malformation pointing to the rare Goltz syndrome
Authors: Halwag Dalia I.
Published: December 2024

Goltz syndrome, or focal dermal hypoplasia, is an X-linked dominant disorder characterized by multiple abnormalities of mesodermal and ectodermal tissues. It presents with a combination of cutaneous, skeletal, dental, and ocular manifestations. Herein, we present a 5-year-old girl with Goltz syndrome and discuss the various presentations of this syndrome in association with the available literature.
Assessment of the effect of growth hormone therapy on quality of life among GHD and ISS children
Authors: Mohammed Zeinab A. , Abd-Elwahab Amina M. , Elkilany Amany M. , Wageeh Ahmed E.
Published: December 2024

Background

Short stature can generate emotional and social stress in children and adolescents and their parents.

Aim

To assess the effect of growth hormone (GH) therapy on quality of life (QoL) among growth hormone deficiency (GHD) and idiopathic short stature (ISS) children.

Patients and methods

This cross–sectional study was conducted at the Suez Canal University endocrinology outpatient clinic in Ismailia City, Egypt, 194 children participated in this study. After receiving GH therapy for a year, children with ISS and GHD who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected at random from the endocrinology outpatient clinic at Suez Canal University in Ismailia City, Egypt. A WHOQoL-BREF QoL evaluation was utilized in conjunction with health-related quality of life, and an Arabic translation of the questionnaire was used.

Results

This study included 194 children, 107 children with ISS, and 87 children with GHD. Group with ISS had a significantly higher mean of age (13.5±2.8) years than the GHD group (8.5±1.5) years with P value less than 0.001. So, most of the children in ISS group at preparatory school (11–14 years old), while GHD group were at primary school (8–10 years old) with statistically significant difference (P<0.001). So, most of children in ISS group at preparatory school, while GHD group were at primary school with statistical significant difference (P<0.001). Most of children in ISS group have rural residence, positive consanguinity and positive family history of short stature, while GHD group had urban residence, negative consanguinity, and negative family history of short stature with statistical significant differences (P<0.001). Children with ISS had significantly lower height Z score before and after GH therapy as P value less than 0.001. Both groups showed statistically significant increase in height Z score after versus before GH therapy as P value less than 0.001. Mean WHOQoL-BREF domains scores showed a statistical significant increase after GH TTT, in both groups.

Conclusion

Our findings indicate that a year of GH treatment significantly improved physical, social, psychological and environmental QoL, whereas the physical effects—which are to be expected given the noticeable increase in height—seem to have less of an influence. This is probably connected to the mild physical effects of baseline short height. But there is a correlation between the change in QoL and the height gain in SD, which amply illustrates the role of statural rise in improving QoL.
Does growth hormone improve growth patterns and patient satisfaction in short children?
Authors: Elrifaey Shymaa M. , El Shall Sarah I. , Emara Mohammed H.
Published: December 2024

Background

Short stature in children can arise from various causes, including growth hormone deficiency (GHD). Growth hormone (GH) replacement therapy has effectively promoted adequate height and growth, but its impact on patient satisfaction remains an important consideration.

This study aims to evaluate the growth outcomes and patient satisfaction after GH therapy in children and adolescents.

Patients and methods

An observational retrospective study was conducted on 500 children and adolescents aged 12.8±2.95 years with short stature who received GH therapy. Statistical analyses assessed growth patterns and correlations between GH dose, physical activity, and satisfaction.

Results

The patients exhibited significant improvements in height after GH therapy, with a mean height velocity of 7.3±1.9 cm/year and a height SD change of 0.6±0.77. The median satisfaction level was high (5 out of 5), indicating overall satisfaction with the treatment.

Conclusion

GH therapy effectively improves growth patterns and patient satisfaction in children with short stature.
Perception of Neurologists on Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Algahtani Hussein A. , Shirah Bader H. , Albeladi Yazeed K. , Albeladi Reyadh K.
Published: December 2024

Objective:

Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) has the advantage of minimizing intraoperative neurological injury and limiting serious postoperative complications. No previous studies have evaluated the importance of IONM, especially in Gulf and Arab countries. We aimed to investigate the importance of IONM, as evaluated from a neurologist perspective in Saudi Arabia.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study was conducted in Saudi Arabia through face-to-face interviews. The inclusion criterion was adult neurology consultants in Saudi Arabia. The instrument used was a self-administered questionnaire consisting of 20 items to evaluate the perceptions on IONM. Data collection was from January 2022 to June 2022.

Results:

A total of 72 neurology consultants from Saudi Arabia participated in this study. The years of experience of the participants were 10-20 years (43.1%), most of whom worked in a tertiary healthcare center (72.2%), 31.9% had a certified neurologist trained in IONM, and approximately two-thirds of the institutions did not have an IONM setup (59.7%). Most neurologists believed that IONM should be part of neurology training programs (59.7%). Approximately, half of the respondents believed that IONM was mandatory (52.8%).

Conclusion:

IONM is considered the standard of care in many complex intracranial, spinal, and vascular surgeries. In our study, the perception of neurologists regarding IONM was promising, and the readiness of secondary and tertiary care centers to implement IONM was encouraging. Education, training, implementation, and regulations regarding IONM should be mandatory to prevent operative complications.