bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design of Risk Mitigation Strategy for Procurement of Raw Materials to Glass Melting Furnace at PT AMFG
Authors: Maulana Bambang Widyawardhana , Arvitrida Niniet Indah
Published: August 2024

Raw materials procurement is crucial in the sustainability of the glass manufacturing industry, including at PT Asahimas Flat Glass Tbk (AMFG). Procurement of raw materials that are not smooth can cause a significant loss and can cause production failure (unproduct) or shut off factory operations. The glass factory has the characteristics of a continuous factory where the smelting materials must be fed continuously because the smelting furnace operates continuously. There is no holistic research on raw material procurement risk management at PT AMFG. This research uses the House of Risk (HoR) approach to manage risk, which consists of 2 phases. The first phase is identifying risks in which risk events and agents are identified and measurement of severity and occurrence, also carried out levels and calculation of the aggregate risk potential (ARP) value. The second phase is risk management. The phase 1 HoR analysis result was carried out by direct discussion at PT AMFG or material supplier in the mine through scoring for each risk event, namely 65 risk events that can be identified through the planning, purchasing, mining/production, inspection, delivery and treatment process. From the Pareto chart, 9 potential risk agents must be prevented by evaluating using HoR stage 2, so that 17 preventive actions are obtained, of 10 preventive actions will be prioritized. One of the priority actions is the creation of an online monitoring dashboard application (Raw Material or RM-One) that can quickly update and monitor risk management from upstream (mining materials and other crucial raw materials) to downstream (factories). RM-One will help facilitate supply chain coordination, especially in preventive efforts against risks.
Analysis of Omnichannel in Fixed-Broadband Internet Services to Improve Customer Experience at PT Telkom Indonesia Tbk
Authors: Iqbal Irfan Muhammad , Ciptomulyono Udisubakti
Published: August 2024

Many companies use Multichannel to provide their services to customers. However, these channels are not integrated, making customers get different experiences, and the flow of information is not continuous. The Omnichannel comes by synergizing the management of various channels to achieve a seamless, integrated, and consistent customer experience. PT Telkom Indonesia Tbk (Telkom), a telecommunication company that provides internet fixed broadband service, is already integrating its services at various touchpoints with customers. However, it was found that the Net Promoter Score (NPS), which measures the level of customer experience, is not optimal. This study tends to solve the problem with Omnichannel Customer Experience (OCX) by developing a model based on the Wixom & Todd framework that considers the perceived channel integration quality as object-based beliefs and the perceived Fluency as behavioral beliefs along with the moderating effect of internal and external usage experience from customers. The model is validated using an online survey of 210 customers analyzed by the Partial Least Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method. Results indicate that perceived Fluency strongly affects Omnichannel Customer Experience along with 6 out of 10 dimensions of channel integration quality.
Design of Technical Evaluation Criteria for Procurement of Maintenance and Repair Services in Upstream Oil and Gas Companies
Authors: Wardana Febrita Kusuma , Lukitosari Valeriana
Published: August 2024

In the process of procuring services for the selection of contractors in upstream oil and gas companies that comply with PTK 007 SKK MIGAS regulations, an appropriate decision-making method is needed, in accordance with the scope and can be applied, where the technical evaluation assessment requires multiple criteria with respective weightings. Previous research has mostly been carried out in the construction and non-upstream oil and gas industries where the determination of criteria has not been precise and practical as needed which can affect technical evaluation failures. This multi-criteria decision-making method uses the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, the results of which can be made into a mathematical model to determine the assessment of each potential winning Contractor. The research began with identifying the criteria for previous research, the criteria currently used, and the classification of the appropriate criteria where the preparation was carried out using a questionnaire and a Forum Group Discussion (FGD) which was divided into 2 stages until each weighting criterion was obtained. This study resulted in 4 main criteria with 16 sub criteria where the main criteria with the highest weight was the ability to maintain and repair at 38.5%, with 2 sub criteria categorized as passed failed.
Brand Development Strategy to Rejuvenate ‘Jamu’ as Children Nutraceutical Based on Mothers’ Persona
Authors: Madyani Dewi , Wahyurini Octaviyanti Dwi
Published: August 2024

Indonesia has jamu as its native nutraceutical. Unfortunately, jamu is on verge of becoming extinct as it is often perceived as old, bitter taste and irrelevant with current condition. In order to keep Jamu relevant with current condition, many companies have launched various lifestyle jamu brands. Yet none of brands target children as their main customers. This study used design thinking method to develop brand strategy for jamu to cater Indonesian children market.   Subjects of this study were mothers who had kid aged 2-12 years old as main stakeholder in decision making process to buy kid nutraceuticals. To gather primary data this study used hybrid research methods. Qualitative study was conducted to empathize users and online survey with n=126 mothers was conducted for prototype testing. There are three mother personas that have different concerns and behavior in buying jamu for kids. In the testing stage, it found that the level of importance of taste and packaging design were different significantly. Yet, the level of acceptance toward proposed brand concept among personas were not significantly different. This study can be used by manufacturers to develop better brand strategy to grasp mothers’ mind and heartshare.
Risk Analysis using Risk Failure Mode and Effect in Implementation of Integrated Digital Reporting with Power BI Dashboard
Authors: Dytha Bagus Wickra , Taufik Tatang Akhmad
Published: August 2024

Implementing digital reporting integration with Power BI Dashboard benefits companies in obtaining accurate and real-time information regarding their business performance. However, in implementing this integration, several risks must be analyzed to reduce the possibility of failure in the integration process. The risk analysis method used in this research is Risk Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (RFMEA). This study uses RFMEA to identify and evaluate risks that may occur in implementing digital reporting integration with the Power BI Dashboard. The risk analysis results show that 19 potential risks must be considered in implementing this integration. These risks include problems with data input errors, resistance to changes in reporting, lack of training and education on using dashboards, vulnerable data security, limited technical support, and so on. To reduce the risks, several mitigation strategies are proposed. These strategies include providing training, socializing dashboards, implementing security protocols, and reviewing work contracts. By identifying and evaluating the risks, the company can take appropriate mitigation measures to minimize the possibility of failure in the integration process.
Prediction of Surabaya City Apartment Rental Price Using the Ensemble Method
Authors: Komaruljannah Erlina , Fatichah Chastine
Published: August 2024

Increasing the need for residential space requires in city to improve development infrastructure to meet the needs of its inhabitants. Having an apartment will help optimize the capacity of residential land in limited land, especially for areas with high population density and small areas such as the city of Surabaya. Until 2020, the level of demand for housing or rental in apartments tends to decline and after the COVID-19 pandemic made a huge impact on the apartment market from a sales perspective and prices dropped dramatically. A property consulting firm, Coldwell Banker Commercial, stated that among other big cities, only Surabaya had a better performance in apartment marketing, because the sales rate and average price increased by 0.4%. Seeing the urgency and potential for the weakening of modern society in choosing apartment housing in the city of Surabaya, the authors conducted a study that could assist in predicting apartment rental prices according to apartment criteria in Surabaya such as sub-district location, unit type, area, floor number, and unit facility contents. The data used is data from travelio.com which is one of the most trusted websites in Indonesia for apartment rentals using the scraping method. The apartment rental price prediction model using the ensemble method found that the stacking model with a combination of gradient boosting regression, random forest, decision tree regression, linear regression meta liner regression has higher performance, with an MAE value of IDR 243,401, RMSE of IDR 179,432 and a value R2 is 63.28%, which means that it affects the price of apartment rentals by 63.28%, while 36.72% is influenced by other factors that are not included in the model.
Millennial Generation Preferences in Selection of Residentials in Jabodetabek Area
Authors: Amalia Nadya Rizky , Nadlifatin Reny
Published: August 2024

Millennials consider houses as not only protecting and surviving but also fulfilling their desires and rising socioeconomic status. However, 31% of Indonesia's total millennial population doesn’t have a house, so millennials could become a big market for property industry. The purpose of this study is to analyze the combination of attributes which become the preference of the millennial and to analyze the characteristics and financial capabilities to buy a house by utilizing a conjoint analysis approach. Thirty-two combinations resulted from an orthogonal design and were distributed via an online questionnaire to 116 respondents. The results showed, the most important attributes were Location (17,42%), followed by Certificate State (SHM) (15,51%), Price (11,90%), Size Type (10,58%), Developer Reputation (10,48%), Public Facilities (10,31%), Floors (9,40%), Open Space (7,60%), and Number of Bedrooms (6,80%). Currently, most millennials are unmarried (53%), don't have children (59%) and work in Jakarta (28%) with income range IDR 5-10 million (42%). The preferred payment method is KPR for 6–15 years (43%) and installments of IDR 3-5 million (49%). The outcome of this study can be used as recommendations for new residential products for home developers and recommendations to the Jabodetabek regional government in regulating urban area planning.
Designing A Technology-Based Supply Chain Resilience Strategy in the Beauty Industry Against Pandemic Disruption
Authors: Aini Annisa Nurul , Suparno Suparno
Published: August 2024

The case of Covid-19 decreases day but day, but customer behavior has changed into covid behavior which shifted into technology. While the supply chain remains vulnerable, much research conducted proposes resilience enhancing strategies applied into technology. Therefore, this research focuses on designing a framework that contains technology-based strategies to increase supply chain resilience of the beauty industry starting from the proactive, concurrent, and reactive phases using the Best-Worst Method and ELECTRE. Three major steps were carried out for this research, starting with step (1) analyzing and identifying risks and strategies that affect the resilience of the beauty industry supply chain, (2) weighting the risks using the Best-Worst Method, and (3) ranking the strategies toward the risks using ELECTRE. At the end of the research, a framework which contains supply chain resilience strategies has been formed through identifying and weighting risk, as well as identifying and prioritizing the strategies. The riskiest risk is short product cycle, and the highest strategies rank are collaboration, knowledge, financial strength, and others.
Product Innovation Design of Freight Shipping Website Application on Maritime Transportation Using the Design Thinking Method
Authors: Wardhana Mahendra , Margono Hanif Nur F.
Published: August 2024

Indonesia is a maritime country, and most logistics activities are by sea. Digitization is needed as a form of differentiation and competitive advantage in logistics services. The current condition of shipping through maritime transportation has several problems such as uncertainty of ship departure and arrival schedules, inability to monitor shipments, too long broker chains, unable to provide integrated multimodal transportation shipments between islands in Indonesia, and lack of public knowledge about available ship routes and schedules and selection of the most appropriate type of ship. An innovation is needed in this case that can become a platform to facilitate and visualize the delivery of goods using digital maritime transportation based on web applications. This research uses the three stages of the design thinking model proposed by IDEO: inspiration, ideation, and implementation. In developing a system, a prototype is needed, or it can be called a minimum viable product. At the implementation stage, there is a usability testing process that uses a feedback capture matrix and a system usability scale. The results of the research are in the form of a product with the hope of pioneering the use of comprehensive digitization and making it easier for customers to ship goods via maritime transportation.
Development and internal validation of an artificial intelligence-assisted bowel sounds auscultation system to predict early enteral nutrition-associated diarrhoea in acute pancreatitis: a prospective observational study
Authors: Liu Chengcheng , Wu Li , Xu Rui , Jiang Zhiwei , Xiao Xiaoping , Song Nian , Jin Qianhong , Dai Zhengxiang
Published: August 2024

Aims/Background An artificial intelligence-assisted prediction model for enteral nutrition-associated diarrhoea (ENAD) in acute pancreatitis (AP) was developed utilising data obtained from bowel sounds auscultation. This model underwent validation through a single-centre, prospective observational study. The primary objective of the model was to enhance clinical decision-making by providing a more precise assessment of ENAD risk.

Methods The study enrolled patients with AP who underwent early enteral nutrition (EN). Real-time collection and analysis of bowel sounds were conducted using an artificial intelligence bowel sounds auscultation system. Univariate analysis, multicollinearity analysis, and logistic regression analysis were employed to identify risk factors associated with ENAD. The random forest algorithm was utilised to establish the prediction model, and partial dependence plots were generated to analyse the impact of risk factors on ENAD risk. Validation of the model was performed using the optimal model Bootstrap resampling method. Predictive performance was assessed using accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.

Results Among the 133 patients included in the study, the incidence of ENAD was 44.4%. Six risk factors were identified, and the model's accuracy was validated through Bootstrap iterations. The prediction accuracy of the model was 81.10%, with a sensitivity of 84.30% and a specificity of 77.80%. The positive predictive value was 82.60%, and the negative predictive value was 80.10%. The area under the ROC curve was 0.904 (95% confidence interval: 0.817–0.997).

Conclusion The artificial intelligence bowel sounds auscultation system enhances the assessment of gastrointestinal function in AP patients undergoing EN and facilitates the construction of an ENAD predictive model. The model demonstrates good predictive efficacy, offering an objective basis for precise intervention timing in ENAD management.
Why is longevity an important metric for the modern dairy herd?
Authors: Sherwin Ginny
Published: August 2024

Longevity of a dairy herd can reflect the health and welfare status of the herd and has a role in terms of public perception of the dairy industry. The natural lifespan of a dairy cow has been reported to be approximately 20 years; however, research has highlighted that it is more like 3.6 lactations (approximately 6 years) in the UK and 2.8 lactations (approximately 5 years) in the USA. This indicates that management decisions are having large impacts on the average productive lifespan of dairy cows, with the removal of cows from a herd due to old age being rare. Increasing the longevity of a dairy herd has been promoted as it decreases the requirement for replacement heifers and increases the average herd production level.
PERIPROSTHETIC JOINT INFECTION AND HETEROTOPIC OSSIFICATION AFTER TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY: A NARRATIVE REVIEW
Authors: Pulik Ł. , Łęgosz P. , Brzóska E. , Mierzejewski B. , Grabowska I. , Ciemerych M. A. , Hube R.
Published: August 2024

This meta analysis address the relationship between infection developing after total hip arthroplasty (THA) and heterotopic ossification (HO). To identify the gaps in available knowledge, we screened for full-length peer-reviewed research articles listed in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science over the past 20 years. The following search terms and Boolean operators were used: heterotopic ossification AND infection AND (hip replacement OR hip arthroplasty). The search resulted in the identification of as few as 14 articles describing periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) and HO after THA. Data summarized from 6 studies suitable for further meta-analysis yielded a cumulative sample size of 753 observations, with 186 recorded events of HO. The pooled RR was estimated at 2.22 (95% CI: 1.00 to 4.91, p = 0.0497), suggesting a more than twofold risk of HO compared to the group without PJI. In conclusion, there is a clear association between a higher risk of HO and PJI. Basic research findings support the hypothesis that bacterial pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) can lead to osteogenesis through a toll-like receptor (TLR) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway in the course of HO development. Together, these results suggest that HO prophylaxis should always be prescribed in PJI after THA. Moreover, during revisions following THA for presumed non-septic reasons, the presence of HO warrants consideration for infection, as there is a potential heightened risk of pathologic ossification induced by PAMPs.

Keywords: heterotopic ossification; total hip arthroplasty; total hip replacement; periprosthetic joint infection; bacteria

Authors Ł. Pulik and P. Łęgosz contributed equally to this work.
PRIMARY TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY USING CUSTOM-MADE ACETABULAR IMPLANTS IN PATIENTS WITH CROWE IV DEVELOPMENTAL DYSPLASIA OF THE HIP
Authors: Tikhilov R. M. , Bilyk S. S. , Dzhavadov A. A. , Shubnyakov I. I.
Published: August 2024

Literature data show varying rates of aseptic loosening of standard hemispherical cups after primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) in patients with Crowe IV developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). In order to improve the results regarding the frequency of aseptic loosening of the acetabular component, we decided to use custom-made acetabular implants (CMAI) in this category of patients. The aim of our study was to report outcomes after primary THA using CMAI in patients with Crowe IV DDH.

We retrospectively analyzed the results of primary THA using the CMAI in 58 hips. The mean follow-up period was 5.2 years (range 4.2 – 6.3).

Patients demonstrated improved functional outcomes according to the Oxford Hip Score: preoperatively 16.9 and postoperatively 38.5 (P < 0.05). Revisions were performed in 2 cases due to dislocations, in 1 case due to nonunion of the greater trochanter and in 1 case due to chronic pain syndrome caused by contact of the CMAI flange with the iliopsoas muscle. In a patient with chronic pain syndrome, during the revision, the pubic flange of the CMAI, which was in contact with the iliopsoas muscle, was removed. There were no radiological signs of loosening of the CMAI.

The use of CMAI shows good results in patients with DDH. Extended capability for supplementary screw fixation is an excellent feature of such implants, allowing them to obtain reliable primary fixation. Further observation is required to assess CMAI in the long-term follow-up.
COST ANALYSIS OF DIRECT ANTERIOR VERSUS DIRECT LATERAL APPROACH FOR OUTPATIENT TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY
Authors: MacDonald S. J. , Lanting B. , Marsh J. , Somerville L. , Zomar B. , Vasarhelyi E. , Howard J. L. , McCalden R. W. , Naudie D.
Published: August 2024

The increased demand for total hip arthroplasty (THA) is having a significant impact on healthcare resources, resulting in increased interest in outpatient care pathways to reduce resource consumption. This study compared costs between patients who underwent outpatient THA using a Direct Anterior (DA) approach compared to a Direct Lateral (DL) approach to understand the effect of surgical approach on resource use.

We conducted a prospective randomized controlled trial for DA patients undergoing primary THA. We compared patients in the outpatient arm of the trial to a prospective cohort of outpatient DL approach THAs. We recorded all costs including: equipment, length of stay in hospital, and laboratory or other medical tests. Following discharge, participants also completed a self-reported cost diary recording resource utilization such as emergency department visits or subsequent hospitalizations, tests and procedures, consultations or follow-up, healthcare professional services, rehabilitation, use of pain medications, informal care, productivity losses and out of pocket expenditures.

We report costs from both Canadian public health care payer (HCP) and a societal perspective. The HCP perspective includes any direct health costs covered by the publicly funded system. In addition to the health care system costs, the societal perspective also includes additional costs to the patient (e.g. physiotherapy, medication, or assistive devices), as well as any indirect costs such as time off paid employment for patients or caregivers.

We included 127 patients in the DA group (66.6 years old) and 51 patients in the DL group (59.4 years old) (p<0.01).

There were no statistically significant differences in costs between groups from both the healthcare payer (DA= 7910.19, DL= 7847.17, p=0.80) and societal perspectives (DA= 14657.21, DL= 14581.21, p=0.96)

In patients undergoing a successful outpatient hip replacement, surgical approach does not have an effect on cost from in hospital or societal perspectives.
THE EFFECT OF CEMENTED FEMORAL COMPONENT DESIGN AND PROPHYLACTIC WIRE PLACEMENT AGAINST EARLY PERIPROSTHETIC FEMORAL FRACTURE IN PRIMARY TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY: A BIOMECHANICAL STUDY
Authors: Perez S. F. Guarin , Zhao G. , Tsukamoto I. , Labott J. R. , Restrepo D. J. , Hooke A. W. , Zhao C. , Sierra R. J.
Published: August 2024

Previous studies have highlighted differences in the risk of periprosthetic fracture between tapered slip (TS) and composite beam (CB) stems. This biomechanical study explored periprosthetic fractures around these stems and the effect of adding a 16-gauge calcar or diaphyseal wire to TS stems on their resistance to torque.

A power analysis determined a sample size of 7 specimens per group, assuming a standard deviation of 14.8 Nm in peak torque, to provide 90% power to detect a difference of at least 30 Nm between groups. Twenty-one TS stems (eight alone, six with calcar wiring, seven with diaphyseal wiring placed 2 cm distal to the lesser trochanter) and seven CB stems were cemented into standard Sawbones. A servo-hydraulic test machine applied a 1000 N load with a 1-degree rotation per second until failure. The peak torque at failure was measured, and the fracture location recorded. Comparisons were performed using two-sample t-tests.

CB stems exhibited a significantly higher peak torque at failure (205.3 Nm) than TS stems (159.5 Nm, p=0.020). Calcar-wire-TS (148.2 Nm, p=0.036) and diaphyseal-wire-TS (164.9 Nm, p=0.036) were both weaker than CB stems. Wired-TS stems showed no significant difference from non-wired-TS stems. Additionally, the study could not conclude that calcar wiring is stronger than diaphyseal wiring. All TS fractures occurred at the mid-stem, simulating a B-type fracture, while the addition of the diaphyseal wire shifted the fracture location more distally in four of seven stems (p=0.0699).

This biomechanical study supports the clinical evidence that CB stems have stronger resistance to torque than TS stems and may explain lower risk of periprosthetic fracture. The addition of calcar or diaphyseal wires to TS stems resulted in no significant changes in peak torque to fracture. In patients at high risk of periprosthetic fracture, CB cemented stems should be considered.
LOW RISK OF CUP FIXATION FAILURE AT TEN YEARS USING CONSTRAINED LINER AT THE SAME TIME OF ACETABULAR COMPONENT REVISION
Authors: AlFayyadh F. , Neufeld M. E. , Howard L. C. , Masri B. A. , Greidanus N. V. , Garbuz D.
Published: August 2024

There remains concern with the use of constrained liners (CL) implanted at the time of acetabular cup revision in revision total hip replacement (rTHA). The aim of this study was to determine the implant survival in rTHA when a CL was implanted at the same time as acetabular cup revision.

We reviewed our institutional database to identify all consecutive rTHAs where a CL was implanted simultaneously at the time acetabular cup revision from 2001 to 2021. One-hundred and seventy-four revisions (173 patients) were included in the study. Mean follow-up of 8.7 years (range two – 21.7). The most common indications for rTHA were instability (35%), second-stage periprosthetic joint infection (26.4%), and aseptic loosening (17.2%).

Kaplan Meier Analysis was used to determine survival with all-cause re-revision and revision for cup aseptic loosening (fixation failure) as the endpoints.

A total of 32 (18.3%) patients underwent re-revision at a mean time of 2.9 years (range 0.1 – 14.1). The most common reasons for re-revision were instability (14), periprosthetic joint infection (seven), and loosening of the femoral component (four). Three (1.7%) required re-revision due to aseptic loosening of the acetabular component (fixation failure) at a mean of two years (0.1 – 5.1). Acetabular component survival free from re-revision due to aseptic loosening was 98.9% (95% CI 97.3 – 100) at five-years and 98.1% (95% CI 95.8 – 100) at 10-years. There were no acetabular component fixation failures in modern highly porous shells.

CLs implanted at the time acetabular cup revision in rTHA have a 98.1% 10-year survival free from acetabular cup aseptic loosening (fixation failure). There were no cup fixation failures in modern highly porous shells. Thus, when necessary, implanting a CL during revision of an acetabular component with stable screw fixation is safe with an extremely low risk of cup fixation failure.
DELAYED GADOLINIUM-ENHACED MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING OF CARTILAGE IS A PREDICTOR OF PERIACETABULAR OSTEOTOMY FAILURE IN PATIENTS 40 YEARS AND OLDER
Authors: Kim Y.-J. , Kiapour A. , Millis M. , Novais E.
Published: August 2024

Pelvic osteotomies for hip dysplasia results can be variable and depend on the amount of preexisting arthritis. Delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage (dGEMRIC) is a technique designed to measure early arthritis, and could be used to select hips that would benefit from a joint-preserving reconstructive procedure. Our objective was to investigate the role of preoperative dGEMRIC in predicting the success of PAO in patients 40 and above. We hypothesized that patients who failed had lower preoperative dGEMRIC index compared to those who did not.

Following IRB approval, patients 40 or older who underwent PAO between 1990–2013 and had preoperative dGEMRIC scan and minimum follow-up of 4 years were identified. Patients with prior hip surgeries or any pathologies were removed leading to a total of 70 patients (Age: 44.2 ± 2.9 years old, BMI: 25.7 ± 4.5 Kg/m2). We only included the first hip undergoing PAO for those with bilateral PAO. Out of 70, 19 had failure defined by the need for total hip replacement or WOMAC pain score of 10 and above within 10 years after index PAO surgery. Articular cartilage was segmented on the 3D pre-operative dGEMRIC scan. The average thickness and dGEMRIC index across the whole articular surface were analyzed.

Failed hips had a lower dGEMRIC index by 115 ± 20 ms (P<0.001). All but one failed hips had a dGMERIC index of 400 or less (range: 313 – 479 ms), while all survived hips had a dGMERIC index of greater than 400 (range: 403 – 691 ms). Similar trends were observed when comparing the dGEMRIC index within the 6 subgroups (P<0.01). There were no differences in cartilage thickness (combined femoral head and acetabular cartilage) between the failed and survived hips (p>0.2).

Patients with a high dGMERIC index (indicating high GAG content) may have a higher chance of successful outcomes following PAO. Current efforts are underway to develop a multi-modal predictive model to evaluate risk of failure after PAO.
Biometry study of foveal isoplanatic patch variation for adaptive optics retinal imaging
Authors: Huang Xiaojing , Hargrave Aubrey , Bentley Julie , Dubra Alfredo
Published: August 2024

The change in ocular wavefront aberrations with visual angle determines the isoplanatic patch, defined as the largest field of view over which diffraction-limited retinal imaging can be achieved. Here, we study how the isoplanatic patch at the foveal center varies across 32 schematic eyes, each individualized with optical biometry estimates of corneal and crystalline lens surface topography, assuming a homogeneous refractive index for the crystalline lens. The foveal isoplanatic patches were calculated using real ray tracing through 2, 4, 6 and 8 mm pupil diameters for wavelengths of 400-1200 nm, simulating five adaptive optics (AO) strategies. Three of these strategies, used in flood illumination, point-scanning, and line-scanning ophthalmoscopes, apply the same wavefront correction across the entire field of view, resulting in almost identical isoplanatic patches. Two time-division multiplexing (TDM) strategies are proposed to increase the isoplanatic patch of AO scanning ophthalmoscopes through field-varying wavefront correction. Results revealed substantial variation in isoplanatic patch size across eyes (40-500%), indicating that the field of view in AO ophthalmoscopes should be adjusted for each eye. The median isoplanatic patch size decreases with increasing pupil diameter, coarsely following a power law. No statistically significant correlations were found between isoplanatic patch size and axial length. The foveal isoplanatic patch increases linearly with wavelength, primarily due to its wavelength-dependent definition (wavefront root-mean-squared, RMS <λ/14), rather than aberration chromatism. Additionally, ray tracing reveals that in strongly ametropic eyes, induced aberrations can result in wavefront RMS errors as large as λ/3 for an 8-mm pupil, with implications for wavefront sensing, open-loop ophthalmic AO, spectacle prescription and refractive surgery.
Over 10 kW peak-power low repetition rate passively mode-locked VECSEL using a saturable Bragg reflector
Authors: Zhang Peng , He Liang , Zhu Renjiang , Wang Tao , Jiang Lidan , Jiang Maohua , Tong Cunzhu , Song Yanrong
Published: August 2024

Reducing the repetition rate is one of the effective ways to increase the peak-power of the mode-locked pulses. However, for a vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting laser (VECSEL), the carrier lifetime in the nanosecond regime limits the further reduction of the pulse repetition rate, or in other words, limits the average output power of the mode-locked laser at low repetition rates, and ultimately restricts the peak-power of the pulses. This work uses a specially designed saturable Bragg reflector to start the mode-locking, and both low repetition rate and high average power are achieved simultaneously in a passively mode-locked VECSEL. When the repetition rate of the pulses is 78 MHz, a peak power of 12.9 kW, twice the reported highest value, is achieved. The pulse repetition rate is further reduced to the lowest value of 67 MHz, and peak-powers of 2.33, 3.00 and 1.23 kW under the fundamental, second-harmonic, and fourth-harmonic mode-locking are demonstrated, respectively. In addition, a theoretical analysis of the influence of the saturation fluence of the saturable absorber on the evolution of the mode-locked pulses is also provided.
High-power semiconductor laser with a narrow linewidth based on transverse photonic crystal
Authors: Dai Yingqiu , Fu Ting , Chen Jingxuan , Tang Chenyan , Wang Xueyou , Wang Yufei , Zheng Wanhua
Published: August 2024

Broad-area lasers (BA) are practical for producing high output power. However, under a high current operation, high-order modes are easily excited, resulting in the broadened linewidth. Here, based on mode engineering of double-side transverse photonic crystals (TPCs) combined with a longitudinal high-order surface grating, a narrow-linewidth electrically-pumped broad-area laser with high power emission only using I-line lithography is demonstrated. By matching the high-order modes of the wide main waveguide with TPC bands, the effective volume of the high-order modes is expanded, while the fundamental mode remains unchanged. Then, single-lateral mode operation is achieved by selective pumping only for the main waveguide due to the significant distinction in modal gain between the fundamental mode and the high-order modes. In addition, a 27-order grating is constructed above the main waveguide to keep the laser operating in single-longitudinal mode. In the experiment, the device shows an output power of 115 mW, a lasing wavelength of 1552.94 nm with a side-mode suppression ratio (SMSR) of 59.26 dB, a narrow linewidth of 443 kHz, and a relative intensity noise (RIN) < -135 dB/Hz at 600 mA, thus has the potential to meet the needs in fields such as coherent optical communication and LiDAR.
Dynamic tunable nonreciprocal single-photon scattering mediated by a giant atom assisted with a time-modulated cavity
Authors: Li Haozhen , Zhang Xiaopei , Zeng Ran , Hu Miao , Xu Mengmeng , Zhou Xuefang , Xia Xiuwen , Xu Jingping , Yang Yaping
Published: August 2024

Nonreciprocal single-photon scattering in a one-dimensional waveguide coupled to a giant two-level atom assisted with a time-modulated single-mode cavity is investigated. The analytic expressions of the single-photon scattering amplitudes are derived by using an effective Floquet Hamiltonian in real space. The scattering characteristics are discussed detail in both the Markovian and the non-Markovian regimes, and the corresponding conditions for achieving perfect nonreciprocal single-photon transmission are obtained. In the Markovian regime, a frequency-tunable single-photon diode with an ideal transmission contrast ratio can be realized by adjusting the frequency of the cavity mode, the local coupling phase difference, and the accumulated phase between the two coupling points. Furthermore, the influence of the intrinsic energy dissipations on the photon transport is discussed in detail. It is found that the dissipations of the cavity and the giant atom affect discriminatively the nonreciprocal single-photon scattering process. In the non-Markovian regime, the influence of the non-Markovian retarded effect induced by the time delay on the nonreciprocal single-photon scattering is discussed in detail. The results reveal that, although the retarded effect leads to a complex nonreciprocal scattering spectrum, dynamic tunable perfect nonreciprocal transmission with more abundant physical phenomena suitable for photons with different frequencies within a larger range can also be achieved. Such a nonreciprocal single-photon device can be used as an elementary unit for various quantum information processing and may have potential applications in quantum network engineering.
Flexible wearable fiber optic sensor for real-time human breath monitoring based on Fabry-Perot interferometer with agar film
Authors: Shi Guoxin , Wang Wenwen , Guo Yingkuan , Pan Jingshun , Sun Dandan , Ma Jie
Published: August 2024

A flexible wearable sensor based on the Fabry-Perot (FP) structure for human breath monitoring is proposed and demonstrated. This sensor is constructed by fusing a single-mode optical fiber to a small section of capillary and coating the end with agar film. In high relative humidity (RH) environments, the agar film absorbs moisture from the air, which leads to a change in the length of the FP cavity to cause a shift in the interference spectrum. The sensor has a sensitivity of 0.95 nm/%RH for testing RH in the range of 60%RH to 85%RH. The temperature sensitivity of the sensor varies nonlinearly from 30°C to 90°C, averaging 0.34 nm/°C over the range of 30°C to 55°C and 0.06 nm/°C over the range of 60°C to 90°C. The temperature and RH crosstalk problems can be solved by using cascaded fiber Bragg grating followed by matrix operations to monitor temperature and RH parameters simultaneously. In addition, the sensor has a fast response time of 0.88 s and a recovery time of 1.17 s for human breathing. The normal and deep breathing of nine subjects are monitored using the sensor, demonstrating that the sensor is able to recognize normal and deep breathing accurately. The success of this sensor proves that it is feasible to develop sensors with good resistance to vibration interference, good repeatability and high stability for human breath monitoring, which is of great significance for research on human breath monitoring.
Ultrablack surface with omnidirectional high absorption
Authors: Wu Jiazheng , An Yang , Li Wei
Published: August 2024

Black surface plays an important role in solar-thermal conversion systems and space optical systems. Despite the significant efforts in developing a black surface with strong broadband absorption, realizing scalable omnidirectional high absorption ultrablack surfaces remains challenging. Here, we report an ultrablack surface based on a structural black paint (SBP), realized by femtosecond (fs) laser fabrication of high aspect ratio microstructure mold followed by mold transferring on black paint coating. The SBP exhibits extremely low hemispheric reflectance (R < 1.2%) in the solar spectrum at a normal incident angle; even at an 80° incident angle, the SBP also has good anti-reflection performance (R < 9%). Based on such properties, we further show the enhanced solar-thermal performance over commercial black paints. Our approach holds promises for scalable and cost-effective manufacturing of ultrablack surface, with potential applications in solar-thermal conversion efficiency improvement and space optical system stray light suppression.
Tunable pattern recognition of optical QPSK data using optical correlation and direct detection
Authors: Alhaddad Abdulrahman , Minoofar Amir , Ko Wing , Karapetyan Narek , Ramakrishnan Muralekrishnan , Zhou Huibin , Duan Yuxiang , Jiang Zile , Su Xinzhou , Wang Yingning , Zeng Ruoyu , Song Hao , Almaiman Ahmed , Tur Moshe , Habif Jonathan L. , Willner Alan E.
Published: August 2024

Performing pattern recognition via correlation in the optical domain
has potential advantages, including: (i) high-speed operation at the
line rate and (ii) tunability and scalability by operating on the
optical wave properties. Such pattern recognition might be performed
on quadrature-phase-shift-keying (QPSK) data transmitted over an
optical network, which generally requires using coherent detection to
distinguish the phase levels of the correlator output. To enable
simpler detection, we combine optical correlation with optical biasing
to experimentally demonstrate tunable and scalable QPSK pattern
recognition using direct detection. The pattern is applied by
adjusting the relative phases of the local pumps. Delayed QPSK
signals, a coherent bias tone, and local pumps undergo nonlinear
wave-mixing in a periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) waveguide
to perform optical correlation and biasing. The biased correlator
output is captured using direct detection, where the highest power
level corresponds only to the pattern. Multiple QPSK pattern
recognitions are achieved error-free over 3072 symbols using power
thresholding values of (i) 0.78 at a 5-Gbaud rate and 0.73 at a
10-Gbaud rate for 2-symbol pattern recognition and (ii) 0.81 at a
5-Gbaud rate and 0.79 at a 10-Gbaud rate for 3-symbol pattern
recognition.
Robust optical picometrology through data diversity
Authors: Chi Cheng-Hung , Plum Eric , Zheludev Nikolay I. , MacDonald Kevin F.
Published: August 2024

Topologically structured light contains deeply subwavelength features, such as phase singularities, and the scattering of such light can therefore be sensitive to the geometry or movement of scattering objects at such scales. Indeed, it has been shown recently that single-shot optical measurements can yield positional precision better than 100 pm (less than one five-thousandth of the wavelength λ) via a deep-learning-enabled analysis of scattering patterns. Measurement performance, and the extent to which it can be sustained, are constrained by the quality and depth of neural network training data and the stability of the experimental apparatus. Here, we show that a neural network can be trained through exposure to an extended envelope of instrumental/ambient noise conditions to robustly quantify picometric displacements of a target against orders-of-magnitude larger background fluctuations, to maintain precision and accuracy of 100–150 pm in optical measurements (at λ = 488 nm) of nanowire positional change. This capability opens up a range of application opportunities, for example in the optical study of nanostructural dynamics, stiction, material fatigue, and phase transitions.
Limitations of beam-control compensation
Authors: Kalensky Matthew , Getts Darren , Banet Matthias , Burrell Derek , Hyde Milo , Spencer Mark
Published: August 2024

In this paper, we use wave-optics simulations to explore the limitations of beam-control compensation. We evaluate performance in terms of the normalized power in a diffraction-limited bucket for the cases of no beam-control compensation, perfect phase compensation, and perfect full-field compensation. From these results we are able to arrive at the following conclusions: (1) without any form of beam-control compensation, performance begins to degrade when D/r0>1; (2) with perfect phase compensation, performance begins to degrade when D/r0>1 and (λ/r0)/θ0>1; and (3) with perfect full-field compensation, performance begins to degrade when D/r0>1 and (λ/D)/θ0>1. Here, D is the aperture diameter, r0 is the Fried parameter, λ is the wavelength, and θ0 is the isoplanatic angle. We show (1)--(3) to be true for varying aperture sizes, uniformly distributed turbulence, and varying turbulence profiles. These findings will inform the development of future laser systems that need to sense and correct for the effects of atmospheric turbulence.
Superfine multiresonant fiber grating sensors assisted with silica capillaries
Authors: Li Kaiwei , Xiao Yongguang , Liu Fu , Yang Zhiyong , Yan Xiangyu , Li Zhaohui , Guo Tuan , Xiao Gaozhi George , Albert Jacques
Published: August 2024

We propose and demonstrate a superfine multiresonant fiber grating sensor characterized by superior spectral resolution and enhanced sensing capabilities. This sensor can be easily constructed by inserting a tilted fiber Bragg grating (TFBG) probe into a silica capillary filled with a refractive index (RI) matching oil. As the fiber cladding, the RI-matching oil, and the capillary all have the same RI, the cladding modes excited by the TFBG can extend into the RI-matching oil and capillary, facilitating surface sensing outside the capillary. Our study shows that the number of cladding modes increases, and the resonance spectrum becomes denser as the outer diameter of the capillary gets larger. As a result, the detection accuracy of RI based on mode cutoff wavelength identification can be improved. Particularly, with a capillary diameter of 1 mm, the heightened spectral density enhances refractometric accuracy by nearly an order of magnitude compared to the intrinsic TFBG. The superfine multiresonant fiber grating sensor proposed here is flexible in configuration and easy to fabricate, providing a new strategy for developing new fiber sensing devices.
In silico analyses identify sequence contamination thresholds for Nanopore-generated SARS-CoV-2 sequences
Authors: Bolaji Ayooluwa J. , Duggan Ana T.
Published: August 2024

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has brought molecular biology and genomic sequencing into the public consciousness and lexicon. With an emphasis on rapid turnaround, genomic data informed both diagnostic and surveillance decisions for the current pandemic at a previously unheard-of scale. The surge in the submission of genomic data to publicly available databases proved essential as comparing different genome sequences offers a wealth of knowledge, including phylogenetic links, modes of transmission, rates of evolution, and the impact of mutations on infection and disease severity. However, the scale of the pandemic has meant that sequencing runs are rarely repeated due to limited sample material and/or the availability of sequencing resources, resulting in the upload of some imperfect runs to public repositories. As a result, it is crucial to investigate the data obtained from these imperfect runs to determine whether the results are reliable prior to depositing them in a public database. Numerous studies have identified a variety of sources of contamination in public next-generation sequencing (NGS) data as the number of NGS studies increases along with the diversity of sequencing technologies and procedures. For this study, we conducted an in silico experiment with known SARS-CoV-2 sequences produced from Oxford Nanopore Technologies sequencing to investigate the effect of contamination on lineage calls and single nucleotide variants (SNVs). A contamination threshold below which runs are expected to generate accurate lineage calls and maintain genome-relatedness and integrity was identified. Together, these findings provide a benchmark below which imperfect runs may be considered robust for reporting results to both stakeholders and public repositories and reduce the need for repeat or wasted runs.