bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geçici Koruma Altında Bulunan Suriye Uyruklu Kişilerin Türk Vergi Sistemine Uyumu: Bir Ölçek Geliştirme Çalışması
Authors: CİĞERCİ İsmail , EĞMİR Rabia Tuğba
Published: October 2022

Suriyeli kişilerin vergiye ilişkin tutumlarının belirlenmesi bu çalışmanın problemini oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada Türkiye Cumhuriyeti sınırları içerisinde gelir vergisi mükellefi olan Suriyeli kişilerin Türk vergi sistemine uyumuna dair ölçek geliştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu doğrultuda Suriyeli kişilerin yoğun olarak bulunduğu Şanlıurfa İlinde gelir vergisi mükellefi olan kişiler çalışma grubu olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu doğrultuda 27 maddeden oluşan 6 faktörlü ölçek geliştirilmiştir. Ölçeğin bütününe verilen cevapların ne katılıyorum/ne katılmıyorum düzeyinde olduğu görülmektedir. Suriye uyruklu mükellefler, diğer mükelleflerin kendilerine göre herhangi bir ayrıcalığa sahip olmadığını düşünmektedir. Dolayısıyla Türkiye’de gelir vergisi mükellefi olan Suriye uyruklu kişilerin vergilendirmeye dair olumlu bir bakış açısına sahip olduğu söylenebilir.
Erken Modern Dönem Osmanlı Devleti ve Avrupa’da Enflasyon
Authors: KARAMAN Kamil Kıvanç , YILDIRIM-KARAMAN Seçil
Published: October 2022

Bu çalışma, Osmanlı Devleti ve diğer Avrupa devletleri için erken modern dönemde gerçekleşen fiyat enflasyonu oranlarını karşılaştırmakta ve enflasyonun sebeplerini incelemektedir. Bu dönemde gerçekleşen fiyat enflasyonunu açıklamada iki etken ön plana çıkar. İlk etken Amerika’da keşfedilen gümüş, ikinci etken ise devletlerin gelir elde etmek için başvurdukları tağşişlerdir. Çalışmamız bu iki etkenden daha önemli olanının tağşişler olduğunu gösterir. Eldeki veriler tağşişlerin farklı ülkeler için 2 ile 500 kat arasında değişen oranlarda fiyat artışlarına yol açtığını göstermektedir. Amerika’dan gelen gümüş ise fiyatları 4 kattan daha az artırmıştır. Dolayısıyla enflasyonun temel sebebi tağşişler ve tağşişlere yol açan siyasi sebeplerdir.
Цифровое обновление российской школы
Authors: Горяйнова Александра , Дворецкая Ирина , Кочак Эрен , Мерцалова Татьяна , Савицкий Кирилл
Published: October 2022

Изменения, происходящие в сфере информации, коммуникации и цифровых технологий, не позволяют школе оставаться в стороне. Постоянно обновляющаяся цифровая среда диктует свои требования и в отношении учебного процесса, и в отношении содержания школьного образования, и в отношении управления им. Современные российские школы находятся на разных этапах цифровой трансформации. В информационном бюллетене представлены данные, позволяющие более детально описать процесс цифрового обновления школ и обеспечить более точное прогнозирование его дальнейшего развития.
BÜYÜME FARKLILAŞMA FAKTÖRÜ-15 PSORİASİS VULGARİSTE YENİ BİR İNFLAMATUVAR YOLAK OLABİLİR Mİ?
Authors: KORKMAZ Selma , ŞİRİN Fevziye Burcu , AYVAZ Havva Hilal , ERTURAN İjlal , YILDIRIM Mehmet
Published: October 2022

Amaç Psoriasis vulgaris kronik inflamatuvar bir hastalık olup, etyopatogenezde T hücrelerin önemli rol oynadığı inflamatuvar mekanizmalar rol almaktadır. Son yıllarda psoriasisin sadece deriye sınırlı olmayıp aynı zamanda bazı komorbiditeler ile ilişkili olduğu gösterilmiştir. Büyüme farklılaşma faktörü-15 (GDF-15), dönüştürücü büyüme faktörü beta süper ailesinin (TGF-ß) bir üyesidir ve inflamasyonla artmaktadır. Bu çalışmada; serum GDF-15 düzeyi ve bunun hastalığın etyopatogenezinde rolü olduğu düşünülen tümör nekrozis faktör alfa (TNF-α) ve diğer metabolik parametrelerle arasındaki ilişkinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlandı. Gereç ve Yöntem Çalışmaya 41 psoriasis vulgarisli hasta ve 41 sağlıklı kontrol dahil edildi. Tüm katılımcıların dermatolojik muayenesi yapıldı ve psoriasis alan ve şiddet indeksi (PAŞİ) skoru hesaplandı. Tüm katılımcıların boy, kilo ölçümleri, sistolik ve diastolik kan basınçları, bel ve kalça çevreleri, lipit profilleri, biyokimyasal parametreleri değerlendirildi. Serum GDF-15 ve TNF-α düzeyleri ELİSA yöntemi ile ölçüldü. Bulgular Hasta ve kontrol grubu arasında yaş, cinsiyet, lipit profilleri, biyokimyasal parametreler ve yüksek-sensitif C-reaktif protein (hs-CRP) düzeyleri açısından anlamlı fark gözlenmedi. Hasta grubunda kontrol grubuna kıyasla serum GDF-15 ve TNF-α düzeyleri anlamlı derecede yüksek bulundu (p
Conservation status, micro and macro morphology of the genus Kyllinga Rottb. (Cyperaceae) in Turkey
Authors: ŞAPCI SELAMOĞLU Handan , VURAL Cem
Published: October 2022

The macro and micro morphology of Kyllinga brevifolia, an invasive species, was investigated in this study. K. brevifolia species has been thoroughly described, and population distribution data has been updated. Furthermore, the populations of K. brevifolia species in our country were assessed, and the IUCN threat category was identified. Kyllinga brevifolia pollen grains are spherical in shape and have a micro-echinate-perforated surface ornamentation. The fruit of K. brevifolia is obovoid and elliptical in shape, with a lenticular cross section, and the fruit surface ornemantation is reticulated-tuberculate. The most important aspect of combating invasive species is understanding the plant well enough to combat it. In our study, the characteristics of an invasive species, K. brevifolia, are described in detail. Furthermore, this study determined the pollen and fruit morphology of K. brevifolia for the first time.
Immunostaining on Paraffin Sections of Fly Heads v2
Authors: Feany Mel
Published: October 2022

This protocol describes how to perform immunostaining on paraffin sections of fly heads.
Western Blotting (Fly Heads) v2
Authors: Feany Mel
Published: October 2022

This protocol describes how to perform a Western Blotting technique using fly heads.
¿Puede el género influir en los efectos de un currículo basado en actividad física?
Authors: Zapatero Ayuso Jorge Agustín , Ramírez Rico Elena , Avilés Villarroel Carlos
Published: October 2022

El propósito de este trabajo fue analizar en profundidad la influencia de un currículo basado en actividad física (AF) en los ámbitos físico-motor, cognitivo y el rendimiento académico desde la perspectiva de género. Con este fin se desarrolló una revisión sistemática siguiendo las orientaciones de la declaración PRISMA. La búsqueda se llevó a cabo en Web of Science, PubMed y ERIC. La selección final fueron diez documentos a los que se aplicó un análisis de contenido con Atlas.ti. Los resultados confirmaron que el género puede ser un factor de influencia en los tres ámbitos de estudio, dependiendo de la variable analizada y la relación con otros factores de estudio. Si bien no se obtuvo una tendencia común en todos los ámbitos, se encontró una tendencia ligeramente más negativa hacia las alumnas en el rendimiento académico. El enfoque centrado en el alumnado, sin alta intensidad o intensidad autorregulada, y los contenidos, variados, lúdicos y no competitivos, parecen acercar más los beneficios de intervenciones basadas en AF tanto a alumnas como alumnos. Se concluye resaltando que el género es un factor a atender en el futuro de este problema de investigación.
Financial Legal Relationship: Identification of the Branch Affiliation
Authors: Karaseva Marina V.
Published: October 2022

The article actualizes the relations that make up the subject of financial law. It is emphasized that the modern criteria for identifying these relations are not incoming, independent of previously formed theoretical views on these relations. The fundamental characteristics of the financial legal relationship, formulated in the 60s of the last century, are noted. The identifying features of the financial legal relationship recognized in science after the adoption of the Constitution of 1993 are indicated. The same signs somewhat changed after 2008, when the solution of public tasks began to be transferred to the level of non-state monetary funds. In modern conditions, financial legal relations, in connection with a change in the subject of financial law, are dual i.e., include property and related non-property relations in the field of public finance. Each group of financial legal relations is identified as belonging to such, on the basis of specific features that taken together make up an identification algorithm. The features of the identification of each group of financial legal relations are emphasized. Meanwhile, it is emphasized that non-property public legal relations should not be attributed to financial and legal relations, unless their derivativeness from the property financial legal relationship is proved. Similarly, it is concluded that a property financial relationship cannot be identified as such simply because it mediates finances. A systematic analysis of this legal relationship for the presence of all identifying features taken together is important.
Selection and Justification of the Optimal Taxation Regime for Small- and Medium-sized Businesses
Authors: Seliutina Tatiana S.
Published: October 2022

The relevance of supporting small and medium-sized businesses, both under general and the crisis conditions of recent years in Russia, is confirmed by the persistence of its insufficient level of development: The number of small enterprises per 1.000 people in the country remains below the global average. One of the tools for such support can be the use of special tax regimes, and the state is responsible for both carefully developing the requirements for them, fixed by law, and facilitating the process for entrepreneurs in choosing the best opportunities for their specific situations. This article is devoted to the consideration of the problems, accessibility, advantages, and disadvantages of the special tax regimes used in the Russian Federation, as well as regimes that have recently been canceled and are only being introduced on an experimental basis. The author made a general conclusion about the importance of special tax regimes for both the development and spread of medium-, small- and micro-businesses, and their impact on the economic results achieved by these types of companies. Further legislative activity is required to bring the legal norms, information needs, and economic opportunities of small companies and individual entrepreneurs in line.
Insights on the possibility of SARS-CoV-2 transmission through the eyes
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110005, Liaoning Province, China; Eye Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110005, Liaoning Province, China; Key Lens Research Laboratory of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110005, Liaoning Province, China; China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning Province, China, Zhu Rui , Han Lin ,   Department of Ophthalmology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110005, Liaoning Province, China; Eye Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110005, Liaoning Province, China; Key Lens Research Laboratory of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110005, Liaoning Province, China
Published: October 2022

A novel coronavirus, named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 or 2019-nCOV), causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has rapidly spread to most countries and regions worldwide since it broke out at the end of 2019. Epidemic of the virus produces a tremendous pressure on the global health systems. With progressive insight into SARS-CoV-2, the role of eye tissue has attracted wide attention in the spread of COVID-19. Whether SARS-CoV-2 can enter the human body through eyes and cause infection? The fact that unprotected exposure of the eyes to 2019-nCoV might have allowed the virus to infect the body implies that 2019-nCOV can invade eye tissue and set foot in organism. Facing the severe challenge of preventing spread of the COVID-19, combined with the high-risk environment of ophthalmology, it is crucial to investigate ocular tropism of coronavirus. This paper explores the possibility of coronavirus transmission through the eye from aspects of probable mechanisms, clinical cases, detection of coronavirus; and puts forward precautions for ophthalmologists and nurses. Consequently, this review reveals our understanding of ocular tropism of coronavirus and contributes to determining risk of ocular transmission, raising awareness of necessary eye protection among medical workers and reducing further prevalence of SARS-CoV-2.
Opinion: Building Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion into an Engineering Course
Authors: Rice Cynthia , Mays David
Published: October 2022

Engineering faculty have heard the call to incorporate diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) into their classrooms, but many have asked the question: What can I do to advance DEI in my courses? This commentary provides one answer. We summarize our process to engineer DEI into an undergraduate fluid mechanics course following a process that included (1) participation in formal programs, (2) a systematic review of course materials, and (3) a weekly series of conversations that examined DEI in the context of engineering education from academic, social, and personal perspectives. The formal programs deepened our awareness; the systematic review identified improvements in the syllabus, nomenclature, and videos; but most importantly the conversations illuminated how the same technical material can be associated with vastly different cultural perspectives—a key point from the theory of Culturally Relevant Pedagogy. We call for engineering faculty to seek opportunities to learn more of these perspectives, and then to reflect on how to improve their courses accordingly.
“Alternate Universe – No COVID‐19”: Fanfiction and Cultural Trauma
Authors: Breyfogle Sarah
Published: October 2022

Using cultural trauma theory and literary trauma theory, this paper examines how fanfiction writers used ficwriting to explore pandemic trauma. It conducts a textual analysis of five fics that center their plot around some aspect of COVID‐19 precautions and restrictions. This research finds that the authors demonstrate community care; that they self‐disclose that they or others they know are struggling; and that actual infection, illness, or death are rarely presented within the fics.
Output and Substitution Elasticities in Pakistan’s Industrial Sectors: Panel Data Analysis
Authors: Nazir Sidra , Mahmood Nasir , Hameed Gulnaz
Published: October 2022

This study performed a panel data analysis of Pakistan’s nine major sub-industries in the years 1980–2019. The primary objective was to conduct a disaggregate analysis of the substitution elasticity of inputs in the different industries, including textile, mining and currying, manufacturing, fuel extraction, electricity, gas, and water supply, using the translog production function. The study used the translog production function to estimate output and substitution elasticities for each sub-industry. Based on the results of the output elasticities, the study concluded that there were negative elasticities for the inputs oil, gas, and labor, except for capital, which had positive elasticity, causing increasing returns to scale for industries. The elasticity of substitution was greater than one and the value was positive, showing that costly energy inputs can and should be replaced with cheaper energy inputs in these industries. For instance, electricity can be replaced with gas, which is cheaper than electricity in Pakistan.
A Computer Security System for Cloud Computing Based on Encryption Technique
Authors: Daniel Aliu , Momoh Muyideen Omuya
Published: October 2022

In recent years, progressively data proprietors have embraced cloud storage service, by which they will subcontract their data to the cloud server to significantly reduce the local storage overhead, due to the rapid growth in the cloud computing market and development. Cloud computing is the delivery of hosting services that are provided to clients over the web. It is quite common, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that may be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. Sensitive information on the cloud is developing unexpectedly and bringing up several challenges and massive security concerns of the modern-day world. The cloud data and services reside in massively scalable data centers and may be accessed ubiquitously. Some issues concern in accessing this data is the security and confidentiality of consumer data in phrases of its location, relocation, availability, and security. Numerous users are surfing the Cloud for various purposes, therefore, they have highly safe and protracted services. The long run of the cloud, especially in expanding the range of applications, involves away the deeper degree of privacy, and authentication. Because of the safety concern associated with cloud computing, this paper presents a Computer Security System for Cloud Computing by employing a simple data protection model where data is encrypted using Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) technique before it is launched to the cloud, thus ensuring data confidentiality and security which is implemented with packet tracer.
Query Reformulation for Indonesian Question Answering System Using Word Embedding of Word2Vec
Authors: Utami Alvi Syahrini , Yusliani Novi , Marieska Mastura Diana , Abdiansah Abdiansah
Published: October 2022

Query reformulation is one of the tasks in Information Retrieval (IR), which automatically creates new queries based on previous queries. The main challenge of query reformulation is to create a new query whose meaning or context is similar to the old query. Query reformulation can improve the search for relevant documents for Open-domain Question Answering (OpenQA). The more queries are given to the search system, and the more documents will be generated. We propose a Word Predicted and Substituted (WPS) method for query reformulation using a word embedding word2vec. We tested this method on the Indonesian Question Answering System (IQAS). The test results obtained an E-1 value of 81% and an E-2 value of 274%. These results prove that the query reformulation method with WPS and word-embedding can improve the search for potential IQAS answers.
Traffic Scheduling Strategy of Power Communication Network Based on SDN
Authors: Min Xiang , Jin Zhang Jin , Yang Rao Hua , Heng Ma Rui , Xin Chen Meng
Published: October 2022

Due to the complicated structure, power communication network is difficult to guarantee the quality of service (QoS) of power services. A two-level scheduling algorithm based on software defined network (SDN) is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the priority-based scheduling method is used to meet the latency-sensitive of power service. Then, in order to alleviate congestion, queue bandwidth is adjusted according to network state information, which can be collected by the centralized control of SDN. Finally, the Mininet and Ryu controller are made use of building simulation environment. The test results show that the algorithm proposed in this paper reduce delay and packet loss rate significantly, which achieves QoS.
The Women and Children Problem in German Families of the Saratov Right-Bank Volga Region and its Transformation (mid 1760s – late 1920s)
Authors:   Saratov State University, Kalinina O. S.
Published: October 2022

The article is devoted to the underinvestigated aspects of the daily life of the German colonies of the Saratov Right-Bank Volga Region. The author analyses family, legal and property status of a woman in a German peasant family. The author also examines the relationships between the spouses, parents and children.
The life Quality of Penza Region People in the Beginning of XX Century (by the Evidences of the Local Press)
Authors:   Penza State University, Shpakovskayа S. V.
Published: October 2022

The article represents the scientific analysis of the newspapers articles, published in the beginning of 20th centuries. The results of the analysis prove the idea that no radical social changes took place in Russian and the main development paradigms development have not yet been changed for more then 100 years. The absence of changes produces the atmosphere of pessimism in society irrespective of the sources of information.
Culture Genesis in the Lower Volga Region during the Late Bronze Age
Authors:   Saratov State University, Malov N. M.
Published: October 2022

Substantiation is provided for a model of culture genesis in the Lower Volga Region during the Late Bronze Age (LBA). Three phases corresponding to the succeeding archaeological cultures are recognized in the LBA of the region. The first phase (LBA 1) – the Pokrovsk culture, the second one (LBA 2) – the timber-grave culture, the third one (LBA 3) – the Khvalynsk culture of beaded pottery. At the change of phases, monuments of mixed types occur, with combined elements of the preceding and of the subsequent archaeological cultures. To specify the absolute chronology, 6 reference dates are used, acquired from radiocarbon analyses of wood substance and charcoal.
Anti SARS-CoV 2 IgG antibody response in fully vaccinated Covishield (AZD1222) and Covaxin (BBV-152) recipients: a study done in southern part of West Bengal, India
Authors: Sarathi Satpathi Partha , Endow Sayantani , Gantait Kripasindhu , Chand Pearl Helena , Jaiswal Abhishek , Jana Biswajit , Kundu Panchanan , Ghosh Tarapada
Published: October 2022

Background and Objectives: Vaccination being the only way to reduce mortality from the dreaded COVID-19 disease, the vaccine was introduced in India as per the advice of the National Expert Group on January 16, 2021. Duration of immune response elicited by the vaccines has always been a matter of content.With new variants emerging every other day, the study was done to look for the antibody response in vaccine recipients post second dose of vaccination.
Materials and Methods: A longitudinal observational study was conducted from August 2021 to February 2022 in fully vaccinated individuals who tookeither Covishield (AZD1222) or Covaxin (BBV-152). Blood was collected from the individ- uals at 12-16 weeks post-vaccination to look for IgG antibodyresponse against S1 spike protein of SARS-CoV2 by ELISA. Follow-up was done at 32 weeks post the second dose in individuals who had received Covishield.
Results: Among 176 individuals, IgG antibody against S1 spike protein was found to be positive in 89.7% (158). Covishield recipients showed higher antibodyresponse (99.1%) as compared to Covaxin recipients (71%). Antibody response was high- er in males, individuals less than 50 years, and non-comorbidindividuals. Of 38 Covishield recipients, IgG antibody response was positive in 28 (73.6%) individuals when followed up at 32 weeks post the second vaccination dose.
Conclusion: The study gives us input with regard to the long-term antibody kinetics of both vaccines. The study has a follow-up plan to co-relate the antibody response to the neutralization test.
Detection of SARS-CoV-2 genome in the air, surfaces, and wastewater of the referral hospitals, Gorgan, north of Iran
Authors: Ramezani Ziarani Farzad , Tahamtan Alireza , Safari Hasan , Tabarraei Alijan , Shahamat Yousef Dadban
Published: October 2022

Background and Objectives: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic caused by the novel virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus2 (SARS-CoV-2). Knowing the virus's behavior and its persistence in different environ- ments are crucial and will lead to the proper management of thedisease. In this study, air, surface, and sewage samples were taken from different parts of referral hospitals for COVID-19.
Materials and Methods: Air samples were taken with impinger, surface samples with swabs, and sewage samples were taken from the hospital wastewatertreatment plant. After viral genome extraction, a real-time RT-PCR test was applied to confirm the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the collected samples.
Results: The virus genome could be traced in the wards and wastewater related to hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Overally, 29%, 16%, and 37.5% of air, surface, and sewage samples were positive for the SARS-CoV-2 genome, respectively.
Conclusion: Findings of such studiesprovide valuable results regarding the degree of contamination of hospital environ- ments and the risk of virus transmission in different environments and among hospital staff and patients.
Bacterial and fungal coinfections among patients with COVID-19 in Zanjan, Northwest of Iran; a single-center observational with meta-analysis of the literature
Authors: Morovati Hamid , Eslami Saba , Farzaneh Bonab Hesam , Kord Mohammad , Darabian Sima
Published: October 2022

Background and Objectives: There is a poor understanding about the prevalence and characteristics of secondary bacterial and fungal infections among Coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) superinfection in hospitalized patients.
Materials and Methods: Four hundred COVID-19-proven patients were enrolled in this study. Nasal swabs for molecular assay (Real-time PCR) and sputum samples for further microbiological assays were collected. Following a broad-spectrum search, a meta-analysis was performed using StatsDirect software (version 2.7.9) according to the DerSimonian and Laird method applying the random-effects models.
Results: Streptococcus spp. (21.5%) and Staphylococcus spp. (16.7%) had the highest prevalence of bacterial coinfection among the COVID-19 patients,while Acinetobacter spp. had the lowest prevalence (4.2%). Among fungal coinfections, Candida albicans was the most prevalent (6.7%), and Aspergillus spp.was the lowest (2%). Males, elderly patients, patients with a history of underlying diseases and drug use, patients who showed acute clinical symptoms, andpatients with a pro- longed hospital stay had a higher incidence of secondary infections (P-value <0.05). The pooled prevalence for bacterial and fungal coinfections was 33.52% (95% CI: 18.12 to 50.98; I2: 99.4%; P-value: <0.0001).
Conclusion: We suggest designing additional research with a larger target population and diagnostic molecular analyses to depict a more realistic view of the coinfection status.
Serotype distribution and antibiotic resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates collected from unvaccinated children with pneumonia at a province in central Vietnam
Authors: Son Bui Anh , Hai Tang Xuan , Cuong Tran Van , Chinh Duong Dinh , Le Thi-Hong-Hanh , Dung Nguyen Manh , Dinh Vu Nhat , Anh Do Ngoc
Published: October 2022

Background and Objectives: Identification of pnemococcal serotypes and antimicrobial resistance provides helpful infor- mation for the use of suitablevaccines and antibiotics; however, very limited data is available on these issues in Vietnam. The present study aimed to find the serotype distribution and drugresistance patterns of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from unvaccinated children less than 5 years of age with pneumonia at a province in centre Vietnam.
Materials and Methods: A total of 126 clinical pnemococcal strains isolated from unvaccinated children less than 5 years of age with pneumonia at theNghe An province, Vietnam between Nov 2019 and Mar 2021. All strains were identified using conventional microbiological method, VITEK® 2 Compactsystem, specific PCR and sequencing. The serotypes and antimicrobial resistance patterns of pnemococcal strains were determined using the multiplex PCRassays and VITEK® 2 Compact system.
Results: The results showed that, eight different pneumococcal serotypes were identified. The  most  common  serotypes were 19F (67.46%), followed by23F (10.32%), 19A (9.52%), 6A/B (3.17%), 15A (2.38%), 9V (3.17%), 11A (1.59%) and 14 (0.80%), respectively. More than half of the pneumococcal strainswere non-susceptible to penicillin. The resistance rate to ceftriaxone and cefotaxime were 41.3% and 50.8%. The percentage of pneumococci strains resistantto clarithromycin, azi- thromycin, erythromycin, cotrimoxazole, tetracyclin, and clindamycin were more than 93% of all strains. All pneumococcal serotypes were highly resistant to clarithromycin, azithromycin, erythromycin, cotrimoxazole, and clindamycin.
Conclusion: Our findings showed high antibioticresistance rates of the strains causing pneumococcal pneumonia, mostly macrolide resistance, among unvaccinated children.
Inhibitory effects of postbiotic consisting sonication-killed Bifidobacterium bifidum on experimental triple negative breast neoplasm in mice: a preliminary study
Authors: Nazari Farzaneh , Jafari Parvaneh , Nomanpour Bizhan , Varmira Kambiz , Raissi Farshid
Published: October 2022

Background and Objectives: Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death and one of the most common malignancies among women in the world. Theaim of this study was to investigate the preventive effects of postbiotic consisting of soni- cated Bifidobacterium bifidum cells on triple negative breast cancer.
Materials and Methods: Thirty-six female BALB/c mice aged 5-7 weeks were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=12): Ctrl-, healthy mice; Ctrl+, mice withbreast cancer with no treatment; and Postbiotic, mice with orally gavage postbiotic before and after 4T1 cell line transplantation. Cancer progress and theeffects of postbiotic were assayed by histological, immunohistochemical and gene expression quantification.
Results: The histological results showed that administration postbiotic consisting of B. bifidum significantly decreased car- cinogenesis in terms of tumorincidence, multiplicity and volume. The tumor progress was suppressed by oral intake of B. bifidum as showed by p53 and Ki-67 expression. Furthermore, Oralintake of postbiotic resulted in extended survival of mice and inhibited sever weigh loss.
Conclusion: Pretreatment with sonication killed B. bifidum, as a postbiotic, inhibited breast cancer progress and malignancy.
Suppression of predominant interfering bacteria in the purification process of myxobacteria
Authors: Rouhizohrab Nasim , Mohammadipanah Fatemeh
Published: October 2022

Background and Objectives: Myxobacteria initially recognized by their complex life cycle and social behavior are progres- sively explored for their bioactive secondary metabolites. However, isolation of myxobacteria usually is accompanied by bacterial and fungal contaminations due to the direct cultivation of soilon isolation media, which results in severe challenges in the purification of myxobacteria. Therefore, it is necessary to improve their purification techniquesfrom natural samples to the discovery of new biomolecules.
Materials and Methods: In the present study, six physichochemical methods were assessed for their efficacy in the purifi- cation of myxobacterial strains and specially from contaminants of Microvirga spp.
Results: Among the evaluated treatments, purification of fruiting bodies using a combination of ultrasonication and heat treatment was identified as theeffective protocol with 80% success rate in the purification of myxobacterial strains and re- ducing up to 90% of the contaminating bacteria.
Conclusion: Concerning the problematic contamination of myxobacterial isolates, the introduced approach can retrieve the myxobacterial strains which areoften suppressed by the over growth of contaminations especially root symbiotic bacteria namely Microvirga spp.
Cryptococcal antigen prevalence in HIV patients from a tertiary care centre in south India
Authors: Madhavan Anitha , Sachu Arun , Samuel Abel , Vasudevapanicker Jayalakshmi
Published: October 2022

Background and Objectives: Cryptococcosis is an opportunistic mycosis, caused by Cryptococcus neoformans. Crypto- coccal meningitis is one of themost fatal opportunistic infections associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The aim of this study was  to find the prevalence ofcryptococcal antigenemia in people living with HIV (PLHA) and also to find the prevalence of opportunistic infections among these patients.
Materials and Methods: A total of 204 non duplicate samples were collected from people with HIV aged above 18 years. Samples with CD4 count less than300 were included in the study. Cryptococcal antigen detection was done by CrAg Lateral flow assay.
Results: None of the patients in our study were positive for cryptococcal antigen. Opportunistic infections were observed in 82 (40.2%) HIV positive patients. Candidiasis, tuberculosis and Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia were the most common opportunistic infections.
Conclusion: This is the first study from the southern state of Kerala on the prevalence of Cryptococcal antigenemia among HIV positive individuals. Thestudy showed that routine screening for cryptococcal antigen will not be cost effective in our population. Similar to other studies, eventhough candidiasis,tuberculosis and PCP were more commonly seen among people with CD4 count < 200 cells/mm3, there was no statistically significant association.
Extensive monomicrobial necrotizing fasciitis and myonecrosis of left hemi trunk in a healthy 41-year-old man with COVID-19 infection
Authors: Sarkardeh Maryam , Ahmadabadi Ali , Sadrzadeh Zahra , Koushki Javad , Esmaeili Amir , Davoodi Sima , Izanlu Mostafa
Published: October 2022

Necrotizing fasciitis and myonecrosis caused by Escherichia coli is an extremely uncommon infection with a high mortality. We present a case of 41-year-oldman with no history of underlying disease one week after covid-19 infection, who was admitted with symptoms of Fournier's gangrene and then E. coli-induced monomicrobial necrotizing fasciitis.
The Effect of Dexmedetomidine on the Prognosis of Mechanically Ventilated Patients with Sepsis: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Yuan Jing , Lu Sheng-Fang , Xu Ping , Niu Yan-Li
Published: October 2022

Background: Dexmedetomidine (Dex), as a new and highly selective α2 adrenergic receptor agonist, has been widely used in mechanically ventilated patients. In the present study, we used meta-analysis to study the effect of Dex on the prognosis of mechanically ventilated patients with sepsis.
Methods: We searched PubMed, Cochrane clinical trial, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Chinese biomedical literature database to analyze relevant literature published from January 2000 to January 2021. We conducted the quality evaluation and data extraction for studies that met the inclusion criteria. RevMan 5.3 software was used to perform a meta-analysis of the 28-day mortality, hospital mortality, the length of ICU stay, and other adverse indicators.
Results: Ten randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that met the inclusion criteria were finally included, including 9 RCTs in English and one in Chinese, with a total of 892 patients. Our meta-analysis results found that in mechanically ventilated patients with sepsis, Dex could significantly reduce the length of ICU stay (P=0.02), but did not reduce the patients' 28-day mortality (P=0.06), hospital mortality (P=0.17) and ventilator-free days (P=0.33). Furthermore, our meta-analysis results also found that Dex had no significant effect on the respiratory rate (P=0.53), heart rate (P=0.02), mean arterial pressure (P=0.63), the level of creatinine (P=0.82) and continuous renal replacement therapy (P=0.39) in mechanically ventilated patients with sepsis.
Conclusion: In mechanically ventilated patients with sepsis, Dex can reduce the length of ICU stay, but which cannot reduce the 28-day mortality, hospital mortality, and ventilator-free days.
Epidemiologic Profile of Microscopic Hematuria in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Khosousi Mohammad-Javad , Mansour-Ghanaei Fariborz , Heidarzad Forough , Joukar Farahnaz , Maroufizadeh Saman , Abdzadeh Elham , Delam Hamed , Amini-Salehi Ehsan , Arab-Zozani Morteza , Falahatkar Siavash , Akhavan Ardalan , Hassanipour Soheil
Published: October 2022

Background: Hematuria is one of the most common symptoms in nephrology and urology. Due to the lack of extensive meta-analysis studies on the epidemiology of hematuria in Iran, this study was conducted to determine the epidemiological status of hematuria in Iran.
Methods: In Sep 2020, researchers studied six international databases such as PubMed, ISI/WOS, ProQuest, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar for English papers and Iranian databases (SID and MagIran) for Persian papers. Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist was used to review and control the quality of articles. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed by Cochran's test and its composition using I2 statistics.
Results: After several screening phase, the number of 25 article included to the final analysis. The prevalence of hematuria in the general population and children, in Iran were estimated at 16.4% (95% CI, - 0.05-37.9) and 1.6% (95% CI, 0.9-2.3) respectively. The odds ratio (OR) of women to men in the prevalence of hematuria in the general population 1.74, 95% CI: 1.20-2.52, P=0.003, patients with beta-thalassemia major 2.02, 95% CI: 1.11-3.65, P=0.020, children 2.61, 95% CI: 1.19-5.71, P=0.016, the elderly 1.50, 95% CI: 1.15-1.94, P=0.002, and taxi drivers 3.73, 95% CI: 2.58-5.38, P<0.001 was obtained.
Conclusion: The prevalence of hematuria in the general population is relatively high. Hematuria is a good predictor for detecting of bladder cancer and Idiopathic hypercalciuria and the physician should attention to microscopic hematuria.
Expression and Prognostic Value of RAD51 in Adenocarcinoma at the Gastroesophageal Junction
Authors: Redati Darebai , Yang Xinhui , Lei Cheng , Liu Lin , Ge Lei , Wang Haijiang
Published: October 2022

Background: The RAD51 recombinase is involved in homologous recombination and DNA repair. However, the association of RAD51 with the prognosis of adenocarcinoma at the gastroesophageal junction (ACGEJ) is not clear. We aimed to investigate the association of RAD51with ACGEJ prognosis.
Methods: The difference in the expression level of RAD51 between ACGEJ tumors and control tissues in the microarray datasets (GSE159721, GSE74553, and GSE96669) were compared. The online Kaplan-Meier plotter survival analysis and meta-analysis were used to analyze the association of RAD51 with overall survival in pan-cancers. MiRNAs targeting RAD51 were identified and their expression profiles in ACGEJ tumors were analyzed. Functional enrichment analysis was performed for miRNAs of RAD51.
Results: RAD51 was upregulated in ACGEJ tumors compared with control tissues (P < 0.05). High RAD51 level was correlated with a poor prognosis in stomach adenocarcinoma and esophageal cancer. The meta-analysis showed that high RAD51 level was correlated with a poor prognosis in TCGA pan-cancers (P = 0.03). Six regulatory miRNAs of RAD51, including hsa-miR-182, hsa-miR-221, and hsa-miR-34a, were downregulated in ACGEJ tumor tissues and were associated with pathways including “fatty acid biosynthesis” and “viral carcinogenesis”.
Conclusions: RAD51 is a potent prognostic biomarker in ACGEJ. MiRNAs including hsa-miR-182, hsa-miR-221, and hsa-miR-34a might play crucial roles in ACGEJ by regulating the RAD51 gene.
Effects of 24-Form Tai Chi on Cardio-Pulmonary Functions, Exercise Performances, and Cognitive Functions of the Aged
Authors: Guo Lili
Published: October 2022

Background: The study aimed to discuss the influences of 24-form Tai Chi on cardio-pulmonary functions, exercise performances, and cognitive functions of the aged.
Methods: Forty old people in Pingdingshan of China were selected through convenient sampling method from 2020 to 2021. They were randomly divided into the observation group (n=20) and the control group (n=20). The observation group exercised 24-form Tai Chi for 8 weeks, three times per week, 45 min per session. The respondents were evaluated by cardiopulmonary exercise testing, sitting-standing test, 6-min walking test, and the Berg balance scale. The P300 test was performed to evaluate the cognitive functions of respondents.
Results: After the intervention, the observation group was significantly (P<0.05) superior to the control group concerning maximal oxygen consumption, anaerobic threshold, vital capacity, stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), left end-diastolic velocity (EDV), sitting-standing test, 6-min walking test, and the Breg balance function scores, showing statistically significant differences (P<0.05). The content of body fat and body mass index (BMI) of the observation group decreased significantly, whereas muscle mass and fat-free mass increased dramatically, which were however significantly lower than those of the controlled group (P<0.05). Moreover, the P3b amplitude of the observation group increased significantly (P<0.05) and was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The 24-form Tai Chi not only improves cardio-pulmonary functions and exercise performances of the aged but also increases cognitive functions of the aged.
Influence of Spatial and Temporal Distance of the Hospital on Survival of Patients with Dangerous Injuries Sustained in Traffic Accidents
Authors: Pelicic Damir , Ristic Branko , Radojevic Nemanja , Djonovic Nela , Radevic Svetlana
Published: October 2022

Background: Effective care of any trauma is a priority in all health care systems. If a patient gets adequate treatment within "golden hour" from the injury the prognosis is better, but not as the only factor. The objective was focused on the influence of time and spacial distance of the hospital from the accident as determinant factors of survival, all in the aim Public Health System of Montenegro reorganisation for better accessibility for traumatized persons from 2011-2020.
Methods: Among 334 subjects, three groups were defined according to the type of injury: bleeding, ashpyxiations, and cranio-cerebral injuries. In every group lethal and non-lethal subjects were analyzed.
Results: Cut-off values are given by ROC curves following proximity and transportation time to hospital specific for injury sustained, as well as for nearest hospital, showed significant differences for proximity of any hospital for bleeding and asphyxiation injuries, and for proximity of any hospital and transportation time to the hospital specific for the sustained cranio-cerebral injury.
Conclusion: Most of the seriously injured patients with bleeding or asphyxiation could be taken care of in any hospital while for cranio-cerebral injuries the specific hospital is crucial. How it is very often about, different organ systems are usualy injured in single patient, so the forming of easily available trauma centers net is the best solution for Montenegro, which is necessary for better survival rates.
Exercise Regulates the Lactate Receptor HCAR1 and ERK1/2-PI3K/Akt Pathways to Promote Cerebral Angiogenesis
Authors: Zhang Shicun , Wu Fang , Zhan Lan , Lin Wennan , Liang Chunming , Pang Yu , Zhang Jiawen , Mu Zhuang
Published: October 2022

Background: We aimed to explore the ole and mechanism of lactate receptor (HCAR1) in the angiogenesis of leptomeningeal fibroblast-like cells.
Methods: Human brain fibroblast-like cells were selected and some cells were deactivated, analyzed and compared with HCAR1 mRNA and protein expressions in deactivated/normal cells. HCAR1-/- mice and wild type (WT) mice were selected and divided into WT, WT exercise, HCAE1 KO and HCAE1 KO exercise groups, with 10 mice for each group. HCAR1mRNA and expression levels of proteins in fibroblast-like cells, mRNA and expression levels of proteins in Collagen IV, phosphatidylinositol trihydroxykinase (PI3K), serine threonine kinase (AKT) and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) in hippocampus were compared, and the microvessel density (MVD) and diameter were calculated.
Results: mRNA and expression levels of proteins in Collagen IV, PI3K, AKT, ERK1/2 and MVD in hippocampus were significantly higher in the WT exercise group than those in the WT group, microvessel diameter was significantly lower than that in the WT group (P<0.05). mRNA and expression levels of proteins in Collagen IV, PI3K, AKT, ERK1/2 and MVD in hippocampus in the HCAR1 KO and HCAR1 KO exercise groups were significantly lower than those in the WT group, microvessel diameter was higher than that in the WT group (P<0.05). Compared with the HCAR1 KO exercise group, the changes of mRNA in Collagen IV, PI3K, AKT, ERK1/2 and microvascular were not significant.
Conclusion: Exercise can promote cerebral angiogenesis through the activation of the lactate receptor HCAR1 and the ERK1/2-PI3K/Akt signaling pathways.
Molecular Detection of gyrA Mutation in Clinical Strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Ahmadi Zeinab , Noormohammadi Zahra , Behzadi Payam , Ranjbar Reza
Published: October 2022

Background: Multi-drug resistant (MDR) Klebsiella pneumoniae strains cause the majority of community acquired and life-threatening infections. We aimed to detect the gyrA mutations in the clinical strains of nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistant K. pneumoniae isolated from the patients with urinary tract infections.
Methods: Bacterial strains were isolated from the patients with urinary tract infections admitted to a major hospital in Tehran, Iran (2017-2018). Bacterial identification was done according to standard microbiological tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing for quinolones and fluoroquinolone antibiotics was done using both disc diffusion and minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) methods. PCR-RFLP was used to detect the probable mutation in the gyrA gene in nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistant strains. Finally sequencing was performed to detect point mutations in isolated K. pneumoniae strains.
Results: One hundred K. pneumonia isolates were recovered from the urine samples of the clinical cases. Antibiotic resistance testing showed that among all K. pneumoniae isolates, 26% and 19% of the strains were resistant to nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin respectively. MIC value was ≥4 µg/ml for ciprofloxacin resistant isolates. The results of RFLP on gyrA PCR amplicons using HinfI restriction enzyme showed point mutation in this gene in 46% of nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistant K. pneumonia. The data obtained from the sequencing confirmed the RFLP results and indicated the presence of point mutations in codons 83 and 87 in the gyrA gene which leads to the substitution of different amino acids in gyrA protein.
Conclusion: Our findings indicated a relative increased rate of resistance against quinolones and fluoroquinolone antibiotics that raised a concern about extensive dissemination of clinical strains of nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistant K. pneumonia. Point mutation of gyrA gene was responsible for the resistance in our strains however to gain more insight into the molecular characterization of quinolone-resistant isolates, other possible mechanisms of the resistance should also be investigated.
The Correlation between Proprioception and Postural Control in Healthy Adults
Authors: Lee Jae-Woo , Park Jun-Sung
Published: October 2022

The Article’s Abstract is not available.
Association between Height and Peripheral Blood Cell Count in Korean Adults
Authors: Seo Ja Young , Yoo Kwai Han , Hwang In Cheol
Published: October 2022

The Article’s Abstract is not available.
Analysis of Factors Implicated in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Using a Logistic Regression Model
Authors: Jang Chaeouk , Jeon Kyoungkyu
Published: October 2022

The Article’s Abstract is not available.
Marxist trait of revisionism: Leszek Kołakowski’s consistent transition to inconsistent philosophy
Authors: Olczyk Adam
Published: October 2022

In the article the author describes theoretical reasons that stood behind Kołakowski's transition from being an orthodox Marxist to become an actual leader of the polish revisionist movement. His intention is to concentrate on those aspects of Kołakowski's thought that have not changed, apart from any biographical and psychological reasons. (1) First of those features is Kołakowski's inability of completability, the anti-code disposition. (2) The second trait is the moral attitude, an intention to influence on people's morality by convincing them that social and internal (necessarily bound with social) changes are desirable; that an existential calm demolishes morality. (3) Third feature concerns the fact that Kołakowski did not attempt to create his own philosophy, he was rather a historian of ideas, a skeptic, and a critic.