bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE RELIGIOUS CONSTRUCTION OF KIAI ON PLURALISM AND MULTICULTURALISM
Authors: Yani Muhammad Turhan , Haidar Muhammad Ali , Warsono Warsono , Sadewo FX Sri
Published: November 2018

The reality of plurality in the context of humanity is something that Allah Almighty has desired, and the human task is to nurture and develop mutual respect and appreciation among people (tolerant). In this regard, the purpose of this study is to explore and explain exactly what kind of religious construction of kiai pesantren about pluralism and multiculturalism, the basis of references used, because it is related to the kiai’s point of view in resolving social conflicts that sometimes occur in the community. The data research was collected through survey and depth interview with some kiai pesantren in East Java. Data analysis was conducted with qualitative narrative and through Forum Group Discussion (FGD). The result shows that the mapping of religious construction of kiai pesantren in East Java consists of (1) religious construction with inclusive and exclusive categories and (2) religious construction with exclusive categories.

Realitas pluralitas dalam konteks kemanusiaan merupakan kehendak Allah SWT, tugas manusialah memelihara dan mengembangkan rasa saling menghormati dan menghargai sesama (toleran). Dalam hal ini, tujuan penelitian ini mengeksplorasi dan menjelaskan dengan tepat konstruksi religius kiai pesantren tentang pluralisme dan multikulturalisme, dasar referensi yang digunakan, karena ini terkait dengan sudut pandang Kiai dalam menyelesaikan konflik sosial yang kadang-kadang terjadi di masyarakat. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui survei dan wawancara mendalam dengan beberapa kiai pesantren di Jawa Timur. Analisis data dilakukan dengan narasi kualitatif dan melalui Forum Group Discussion (FGD). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pembangunan agama Pesantren Kiai di Jawa Timur pada pluralisme dan multikulturalisme dapat dipetakan menjadi dua, yaitu (1) konstruksi keagamaan dengan kategori inklusif dan eksklusif dan (2) konstruksi keagamaan dengan kategori eksklusif.
Validation of the Brazilian Version of the Job Satisfaction Survey Using Confirmatory Factor Analysis
Authors: de Souza Ana Cláudia , Alexandre Neusa Maria Costa , de Brito Guirardello Edinêis
Published: November 2018

Background and Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity of the Brazilian version of the Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS) using confirmatory factor analysis supported by structural equation modeling in a sample of Brazilian nursing workers. Methods: Data from 360 nursing workers were analyzed. Confirmatory factor analysis used partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Results: The results showed that the Brazilian version of the JSS presented better adjustment to the model after the removal of four items from the scale. According to confirmatory factor analysis, convergent and discriminant validities were confirmed. Conclusions: The Brazilian version of JSS showed strong evidence of construct validity through convergent and discriminant measures.
The Practice of Caring Leadership: A Resource Addressing the Duality of Health Care
Authors: Bolstad Britni
Published: November 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this project was to implement a 4-week educational practicum focused on the practice of caring leadership in a senior living home care setting and to determine how this approach impacted the therapeutic interactions and leadership competencies of home care team members.

Background

Caring practice models have been implemented in various healthcare settings. However, little is known about what kinds of interventions can develop leadership effectively or how to evaluate the impact of leadership on healthcare providers’ use of caring behaviors in professional practice.

Design

Descriptive, mixed method.

Methods

The Caring Assessment for Caregivers (CACG) instrument and the Leadership Practices Inventory-Self (LPI-S) instrument measured change in self-reported therapeutic interactions and leadership skills, respectively, before and after facilitating multi-site practicum sessions for caring leadership practice enculturation.

Findings

Among practicum participants, the mean change for the LPI-S and CACG subscales represented statistically significant improvement. The themes and subthemes identified suggest that leadership and relational expertise can be described within the context of professional, relationship-based practice.

Conclusion

The caring leader practicum intervention, a low-cost, workplace approach, was successful in improving the outcome variables in a 4-week period.
Compassionate Self-Awareness: A Hidden Resource for Nurses for Developing a Relationship with Self and Patients
Authors: Younas Ahtisham , Rasheed Subia Parveen
Published: November 2018

Sometimes nurses are too harsh on themselves because they truly want to provide compassionate care for their patients. This attitude can lead to feelings of emptiness, hopelessness, incompetence, frustration, and despair. In such situations, nurses can improve their well-being by developing compassionate self-awareness—becoming aware of one's strengths and limitations without being over-critical and judgmental. This article describes the concept of compassionate self-awareness in light of the available anecdotal literature and personal experiences and argues that compassionate self-awareness can serve as a hidden resource for developing a therapeutic relationship with self and with patients.
Star Legacy Foundation: The Power of Hope for Families Living with Stillbirth
Authors: Wimmer Lindsey
Published: November 2018

The stillbirth of her son prompted this nurse to look inside herself for the tools needed to move forward both personally and professionally. The first tasks were to learn how to trust herself again and find hope for the future. This journey prompted her to create a nonprofit organization, Star Legacy Foundation, that utilizes what she learned, and to expand her definition of what it means to be a health-care professional.
Becoming a Voluntary Doula: Personal and Caring Motives
Authors: Bondas Terese , Wikberg Anita
Published: November 2018

Background:

Voluntary doula care, as a complement to midwifery care, is emerging as support for women and their families throughout the childbearing period. Doula care is not an official part of the public health care system in Nordic countries.

Aim:

The aim was to describe and interpret women’s experiences of becoming voluntary unpaid doulas and to generate a model as part of a research program.

Method:

Latent qualitative content analysis was chosen using interviews with nine voluntary doulas in an NGO group in Finland.

Findings:

Becoming a voluntary doula seems to be related to two motives, personal and caring. Interest in and fascination with childbearing, doula care as rewarding and joyous but challenging work, and networking and affinity in the doula group are personal motives. The caring motives were seeing doula care as important for the childbearing woman and her partner, being humble about childbearing knowledge, understanding vulnerability and uniqueness in childbearing based on their own experiences, and seeing doula care as a complement to midwifery care.

Conclusion:

A model has been created suggesting that the balance between the two motives might be crucial for doula care. Ethical reflections on the motives for becoming and being a doula need to be supported in a caring culture where the primary focus is the best care for the woman and her partner in childbearing.
Nonclinical Factors of Cesarean Section Birth: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Sk Rayhan , Barua Somdutta
Published: November 2018

The rate of cesarean section (CS) birth has increased dramatically across the world during the last few decades, mainly in high-income and middle-income countries. The aim of this study is to explore the nonclinical risk factors of CS birth and to look into its similarities and dissimilarities influencing CS birth between developed and developing countries. A search of the existing literature was conducted on electronic databases, such as PubMed, JSTOR, SpringerLink, ScienceDirect, and so forth. The maternal age is the most common factor of CS birth in almost all studies of developed and developing countries. Furthermore, type of hospitals is another predominant factor of CS birth as seen in more than half of the studies of developing countries and in several studies of developed countries. Nevertheless, it is also found that there is variation in main findings of CS birth according to the level of development. In most of the studies in developed countries, CS birth is highly associated with maternal age and birth weight of the baby. On the contrary, in developing countries, most of the studies show that CS birth is highly associated with maternal age, maternal education, type of hospitals, place of residence, number of antenatal care, and parity.
Antenatal Care in Sudan: A Qualitative Study Into Accessibility and Quality of Maternal Health Services in Khartoum
Authors: Mohamed-Ahmed Rayan , Abdel Aziz Muna , Walker Richard
Published: November 2018

Antenatal care is shown to be a cost-effective intervention for reducing rates of maternal mortality. However, utilization of maternal health services in Sudan remains low and maternal deaths high. This study aims to investigate why Sudanese women do not attend antenatal care, satisfaction with services and views on improving uptake. Focus group discussions took place, with 30 women who had delivered in the past year, in five areas in Khartoum. Themes in transcripts were identified. Factors that can affect a woman’s choice to attend antenatal care extend beyond physical barriers and include misconceptions of it’s use, conflict between faith and modern medicine and dissatisfaction with previously used services. The care provider’s perceived lack of empathy, unpunctuality and lack of health promotion can also contribute to underutilization.
The effect of temperature on the physiological condition and growth performance of freshwater eel elver Anguilla bicolor bicolor McClelland, 1844
Authors: Fekri Latifa , Affandi Ridwan , Rahardjo Muhammad Fajar , Budiardi Tatag , Simanjuntak Charles Parningotan Haratua , Fauzan Tezza , Indrayani Indrayani
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT This study aimed to analyze the effect of water temperature on the physiological condition and growth performance of freshwater eel elver Anguilla bicolor bicolor (McClelland, 1844). This study was conducted in March 2017 at the Physiology Laboratory of Aquatic Animal, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University. The study used a completely randomized design with five different levels of temperature (22°C, 24°C, 26°C, 28°C, and 30°C) as treatments with two replications. The size of elver was 2‒3 g. Fish were fed with 1 mm pellet containing 45% of protein. The feeding level was 7 % of fish biomass and the feeding frequency was two times a day. The results showed that temperatures range from 24‒30°C could be used for freshwater eel elver rearing and 28‒30°Cwere the best temperatures to support survival and growth performance of eel elver. A temperature of 24°C was the best temperature that could reduce the metabolism rate and did not cause stress on the elver. Keywords: elver, physiological conditions, growth performance, metabolism, temperature  ABSTRAK Penelitian dengan tujuan menganalisis pengaruh suhu terhadap kondisi fisiologis dan kinerja pertumbuhan elver ikan sidat (Anguilla bicolor bicolor McClelland, 1844) telah dilakukan pada bulan Maret 2017 di Laboratorium Fisiologi Hewan Air FPIK IPB. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan lima perlakuan suhu berbeda (22°C, 24°C, 26°C, 28°C, dan 30°C) dengan masing-masing dua ulangan. Ukuran benih yang digunakan 2‒3 g. Pakan yang diberikan berupa pellet berukuran 1 mm dengan kadar protein 45%. Jumlah pakan yang diberikan (FR) adalah 7% dari biomassa ikan dan diberikan dua kali sehari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kisaran suhu 24‒30°C dapat digunakan dalam pemeliharaan elver ikan sidat, dan suhu 28‒30°C merupakan suhu yang sangat baik untuk mendukung kelangsungan hidup dan pertumbuhan elver ikan sidat. Suhu media 24°C adalah suhu terbaik yang dapat menekan laju metabolisme dengan tidak menyebabkan stres pada elver ikan sidat. Kata kunci: elver, kondisi fisiologis, kinerja pertumbuhan, metabolisme, suhu
Millennials’ Attitudes Toward Online Luxury Buying Behavior in South Korea: A Q-methodology Approach
Authors: Burnasheva Regina , GuSuh Yong , Villalobos-Moron Katherine
Published: November 2018

The millennials are a crucial generational cohort of customers who buy luxury goods online. Asian luxury consumers became the major driver of global luxury sales growth. While there are a number of papers from developing countries in Asia, this study explores millennials’ attitudes toward shopping online for luxury goods from among the most world’s leading economy of South Korea.This paper has used Q methodology to examine and categorize millennials’ behavior toward online luxury consumption. The QUANAL program was employed for data collection and results revealed that there is a significant behavioral distinction between three types of shoppers such as Online Convenience Shopper, Online Economic Shopper and Traditional Shopper.The findings of this study have a managerial contribution by understanding the typology of online luxury goods consumers among Korean millennials. As one of the sizable cohorts who are purchasing luxury online, this paper could help managers to maintain and increase sales growth among millennials online. This study has also a theoretical or academic contribution by creating a new consumer type and broadening the knowledge about online luxury buying behavior.
Göç Yaşamış Öğrencilerin Karşılaştıkları Sorunlara İlişkin Görüşleri: Bir Durum Çalışması
Authors: BOZAN İbrahim , KAŞTAN Yüksel
Published: November 2018

Bu araştırmada göç yaşamış
öğrencilerin görüşleri doğrultusunda Antalya ili Kepez ilçesine gerçekleşen
yoğun göçün eğitime etkisi tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Araştırma bölgeye
yoğun bir şekilde devam eden göçlerin eğitime etkilerini göç yaşamış
öğrencilerin görüşleri çerçevesinde ele alması ve araştırmacılara derinlemesine
bakış açısı sunması bakımından önemli bir çalışmadır.Araştırma bütüncül çoklu
durum deseninde nitel bir çalışma olmuştur. Bu çalışmada veri toplama yöntemi
olarak bireysel görüşme kullanılmıştır. Veri toplama araçları olarak, açık uçlu
sorulara dayanan yarı yapılandırılmış bireysel görüşme formları kullanılmıştır.
Veri toplama araçlarının da özellikleri dikkate alınarak veriler içerik analizi
ile incelenmiştir. Bu veri analizine dayanarak araştırmanın bulgu ve yorumları
oluşturulmuştur. Araştırma bulguları tablolar halinde verilerek, frekans ve
yüzde değerleri verilmiş ve öğrencilerin görüşlerinden doğrudan alıntılar
yapılmıştır. Öğrencilerin hepsi ilçede yüksek düzeyde göç alan bölgelerde yer
alan okullarda öğrenim görmektedirler.

Araştırmanın sonuçlarına
göre, öğrencilerin eski arkadaş ve öğretmenlerini özledikleri görülmektedir.
Göç eden öğrenciler okulda sosyal
etkinliklere katılamamaktadır. Okula ilk geldikleri zaman akademik başarıları
düşmektedir. Arkadaş ortamında kavga, küfürleşme gibi olumsuz davranışlar
görmektedir. Diğer arkadaşları tarafından alaya alınmakta ve dışlanmaktadırlar. Bu nedenle çekingenlik yaşayarak
yalnızlık hissetmektedirler. Bu öğrencilerin okula uyum sağlamaları diğerlerine göre daha zor
olmaktadır. Maddi sıkıntılar nedeniyle aileye katkıda bulunmak için çalışmayı
düşünmektedirler. Araştırmanın sonucuna dayalı olarak önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Four Particular Cases of the Fourier Transform
Authors: Fischer Jens V.
Published: November 2018

In previous studies we used Laurent Schwartz’ theory of distributions to rigorously introduce discretizations and periodizations on tempered distributions. These results are now used in this study to derive a validity statement for four interlinking formulas. They are variants of Poisson’s Summation Formula and connect four commonly defined Fourier transforms to one another, the integral Fourier transform, the Discrete-Time Fourier Transform (DTFT), the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) and the Integral Fourier transform for periodic functions—used to analyze Fourier series. We prove that under certain conditions, these four Fourier transforms become particular cases of the Fourier transform in the tempered distributions sense. We first derive four interlinking formulas from four definitions of the Fourier transform pure symbolically. Then, using our previous results, we specify three conditions for the validity of these formulas in the tempered distributions sense.
Phosphorus Budget for a Forested-Agricultural Watershed Influenced by East-Asian Summer Monsoon
Authors: Reza Arif , Eum Jaesung , Jung Sungmin , Choi Youngsoon , Jang Changwon , Kim Kiyong , Owen Jeffrey S. , Kim Bomchul
Published: November 2018

Despite increased awareness of and attention to the need for sustainable agriculture, fertilizers and compost application in excess of crop requirements remain common agricultural practices in South Korea, causing eutrophication of freshwater and coastal ecosystems. In this study, a phosphorus (P) budget was developed to quantify P inputs, outputs, and retention in a forested- agricultural watershed. The P budget showed that chemical fertilizers and organic compost were the largest source of P (97.6% of the total) followed by atmospheric deposition (2.1% of the total P), whereas forest export (0.2% of the total) and sewage treatment plants (STPs) (0.1% of the total) were negligible. The dominant P outputs were crop harvesting and hydrologic export to surface water. The P balance showed a significant accumulation of P in the watershed; approximately 87% of the total P input was retained in the soils within the watershed. However, P concentrations in drainage water were still high enough to cause eutrophication of downstream reservoirs. The results provide useful information on the proportion of P export and retention in soils and will help support efforts to improve water quality and design better management of agricultural non-point source pollution.
Digital Image Segmentation in Matlab: A Brief Study on Otsu’s Image Thresholding
Authors: Siddique Md. Abu Bakr , Arif Rezoana Bente , Khan Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman
Published: November 2018

Thresholding is considered as a statistical-decision making theory which can lessen the average error incurred in allocating pixels to two or more groups. The traditional Bayes decision rule can be applied with the prior knowledge of the Probability Density Function (PDF) of each class. It is surmised that a threshold resulting in the best class separation is the optimal one. In this paper, Otsu’s thresholding for image segmentation has been implemented. The well-known Otsu’s method is to learn a threshold that can maximize the between-class variance or equivalently make light of the within-class variance of the entire image. At first, a color image of a tree is taken. After that, the image is transformed into a grayscale image. Then in the first part, two-level thresholding is conducted, and later on, three-level thresholding is also applied. Again, two-level thresholding, as well as three level thresholding, are also applied to some other images. Finally, the comparison is made between two level thresholding and three level thresholding
Work-Related Stressors and Increased Risk of Benzodiazepine Long-Term Use: Findings From the CONSTANCES Population-Based Cohort
Authors: Airagnes Guillaume , Lemogne Cédric , Olekhnovitch Romain , Roquelaure Yves , Hoertel Nicolas , Goldberg Marcel , Limosin Frédéric , Zins Marie
Published: November 2018

Objectives. To examine whether stressful job exposure to the public could be associated with having long-term benzodiazepine use.

Methods. From the participants included between 2012 and 2016 in the French population-based CONSTANCES cohort, 13 934 men and 19 261 women declared a daily job exposure to the public and rated the frequency of stressful exposure. We examined benzodiazepine long-term use by using drug reimbursement administrative registries. Logistic regressions provided odds ratios (ORs) of benzodiazepine long-term use, with stratification for gender and adjustment for age, education, and area deprivation index. Occupational grade, job strain, depression, self-rated health, and alcohol use disorder were additional stratification variables.

Results. Benzodiazepine long-term use was positively associated with stressful exposure to the public (“often or always” vs “rarely or never”) in men (OR = 2.2; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.8, 2.8) and women (OR = 1.6; 95% CI = 1.4, 1.9), with dose-dependent relationships (P trends < .001). Adjustments and analyses in subgroups without other individual or environmental vulnerability factors led to similar results.

Conclusions. Stressful job exposure to the public increases the risk of benzodiazepine long-term use. Prevention programs aiming at reducing the burden of benzodiazepine long-term use would benefit in targeting this specific population.
Building New York State Centers of Excellence in Children’s Environmental Health: A Replicable Model in a Time of Uncertainty
Authors: Galvez Maida , Collins Geoffrey , Amler Robert W. , Dozor Allen , Kaplan-Liss Evonne , Forman Joel , Laraque-Arena Danielle , Lawrence Ruth , Miller Richard , Miller Karen , Sheffield Perry , Zajac Lauren , Landrigan Philip J.
Published: November 2018

Public health programs may be seriously affected in periods of federal retrenchment. During these times, state-based strategies provide an alternate pathway for advancing public health.

A 12-year campaign to secure state support for a network of Centers of Excellence in Children’s Environmental Health (CEH) promoting health of children across New York State is described. It was driven by rising rates of asthma, birth defects, developmental disorders, and other noncommunicable diseases in children; growing evidence associating hazardous environmental exposures with these conditions; and recognition that federal resources in CEH are insufficient.

Critical campaign elements were (1) formation of a statewide coalition of academic health centers, health care providers, public health officials, community advocates, and other stakeholders; (2) bipartisan collaborations with legislative champions and government leaders; (3) assessment of the burden of developmental disorders and noncommunicable diseases associated with environmental exposures among children; (4) maps documenting the presence of environmental hazards in every county statewide; (5) iterative charting of a changing political landscape; and (6) persistence. The 2017 award of a 5-year, $10 million contract to establish Centers of Excellence in CEH demonstrates the value of this statewide strategy.
The Socioeconomic Burden of Pain From War
Authors: McCulloch Gallagher Rollin , Sandbrink Friedhelm
Published: November 2018

War’s burden on the health and well-being of combatants, civilians, and societies is well documented. Although the examination of soldiers’ injuries in modern combat is both detailed and comprehensive, less is known about war-related injuries to civilians and refugees, including victims of torture. The societal burden of war-related disabilities persists for decades in war’s aftermath. The complex injuries of combat survivors, including multiple pain conditions and neuropsychiatric comorbidities, challenge health care systems to reorganize care to meet these survivors’ special needs.

We use the case study method to illustrate the change in pain management strategies for injured combat survivors in one national health system, the US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA). The care of veterans’ disabling injuries suffered in Vietnam contrasts with the care resulting from the VA’s congressional mandate to design and implement a pain management policy that provides effective pain management to veterans injured in the recent Middle East conflicts.

The outcomes-driven, patient-centric Stepped Care Model of biopsychosocial pain management requires system-wide patient education, clinician training, social networking, and administrative monitoring. Societies are encouraged to develop their health care system’s capacity to effectively respond to the victims of warfare, including combatants and refugees.
Where Is the Opioid Use Epidemic in Mexico? A Cautionary Tale for Policymakers South of the US–Mexico Border
Authors: Goodman-Meza David , Medina-Mora Maria Elena , Magis-Rodríguez Carlos , Landovitz Raphael J. , Shoptaw Steve , Werb Dan
Published: November 2018

In North America, opioid use and its harms have increased in the United States and Canada over the past 2 decades. However, Mexico has yet to document patterns suggesting a higher level of opioid use or attendant harms.

Historically, Mexico has been a country with low-level use of opioids, although heroin use has been documented. Low-level opioid use is likely attributable to structural, cultural, and individual factors. However, a range of dynamic factors may be converging to increase the use of opioids: legislative changes to opioid prescribing, national health insurance coverage of opioids, pressure from the pharmaceutical industry, changing demographics and disease burden, forced migration and its trauma, and an increase in the production and trafficking of heroin. In addition, harm-reduction services are scarce.

Mexico may transition from a country of low opioid use to high opioid use but has the opportunity to respond effectively through a combination of targeted public health surveillance of high-risk groups, preparation of appropriate infrastructure to support evidence-based treatment, and interventions and policies to avoid a widespread opioid use epidemic.
Solving the Global Crisis in Access to Pain Relief: Lessons From Country Actions
Authors: Bhadelia Afsan , De Lima Liliana , Arreola-Ornelas Héctor , Kwete Xiaoxiao Jiang , Rodriguez Natalia M. , Knaul Felicia Marie
Published: November 2018

Annually, more than 61 million people worldwide experience about 6 billion days of serious health-related suffering that could be alleviated with access to palliative care and pain relief. However, palliative care is limited or nonexistent in most parts of the world. The access abyss is so stark that 50% of the world’s poorest populations live in countries that receive only 1% of the opioid analgesics distributed worldwide. By contrast, the richest 10% of the world’s population live in countries that receive nearly 90% of the opioid pain relief medications.

The Lancet Commission on Global Access to Palliative Care and Pain Relief developed a framework to measure the global burden of serious health-related suffering and generated the evidence base to address this burden.

We present the inequities in access to pain relief and highlight key points from country responses, drawing from and building on recommendations of the Lancet Commission report “Alleviating the Access Abyss in Palliative Care and Pain Relief—An Imperative of Universal Health Coverage” to close the access abyss in relief of pain and other types of serious health-related suffering.
Growth and Persistence of Place-Based Mortality in the United States: The Rural Mortality Penalty
Authors: Cosby Arthur G. , McDoom-Echebiri M. Maya , James Wesley , Khandekar Hasna , Brown Willie , Hanna Heather L.
Published: November 2018

Objectives. To examine 47 years of US urban and rural mortality trends at the county level, controlling for effects of education, income, poverty, and race.

Methods. We obtained (1) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention WONDER (Wide-ranging ONline Data for Epidemiologic Research) data (1970–2016) on 104 million deaths; (2) US Census data on education, poverty, and race; and (3) Bureau of Economic Analysis data on income. We calculated ordinary least square regression models, including interaction models, for each year. We graphed standardized parameter estimates for 47 years.

Results. Rural–urban mortality disparities increased from the mid-1980s through 2016. We found education, race, and rurality to be strong predictors; we found strong interactions between percentage poverty and percentage rural, indicating that the largest penalty was in high-poverty, rural counties.

Conclusions. The rural–urban mortality disparity was persistent, growing, and large when compared to other place-based disparities. The penalty had evolved into a high-poverty, rural penalty that rivaled the effects of education and exceeded the effects of race by 2016.

Public Health Implications. Targeting public health programs that focus on high-poverty, rural locales is a promising strategy for addressing disparities in mortality.
Les lapins nourris avec de l’amidon de manioc fermenté résidus II: enzyme supplementation
Authors: Oloruntola O.D. , Agbede J.O. , Onibi G.E. , Igbasan F.A. , Ogunsipe M.H. , Ayodele S.O.
Published: November 2018

La probabilité d’augmenter le niveau de remplacement optimale du maïs avec de l’amidon de manioc fermenté d’origine microbienne (résidus MFCSR) avec multi-enzyme supplementation en régimes de lapin a été évalué dans un arrangement factoriel 2x3 à huit semaines au procès. Bien que le gain de poids total (GTT) et le ratio de conversion d’alimentation (FCR) a significativement (P
Homeopatia e desempenho de novilhos confinados com dieta 100 % ou 48 % de concentrado
Authors: Marafon F. , Neumann M. , Ueno R. K. , Martins de Souza R. A. , Reinehr L. L. , Poczynek M.
Published: November 2018

O experimento teve como objetivo avaliar o consumo diário de matéria seca e o desempenho de novilhos terminados em confinamento utilizando dietas com 38 ou 100 % de concentrado e homeopatia. Utilizou-se 32 novilhos Charolês inteiros, provenientes do mesmo rebanho, com idade média de 12 meses e peso vivo médio inicial de 323 ± 5 kg. Animais que consumiram dietas com 48 % de concentrado apresentaram maiores ganhos de peso e melhor conversão alimentar com a inclusão da homeopatia. A homeopatia não manifestou resposta positiva com dieta 100 % concentrado.
Interação genótipo x ambiente sobre características produtivas e reprodutivas de fêmeas Nelore
Authors: Silveira M. V. , Souza J. C. , Silva L. O. C. , Freitas J. A. , Gondo A. , Ferraz Filho P.
Published: November 2018

Foram estimados parâmetros genéticos e avaliada a interação genótipo x ambiente para peso ajustado aos 420 dias de idade, idade ao primeiro parto e intervalo entre o primeiro e segundo parto, em fêmeas da raça Nelore criadas em três regiões de produção do estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. O modelo estatístico continha os efeitos genéticos aditivo direto e residual (efeitos aleatórios) e, como fixos, os efeitos de fazenda e do grupo de contemporâneos. As análises foram executadas sob modelo animal do tipo uni e bicaracterística. As estimativas de herdabilidade foram 0,41; 0,16 e 0,09 para P420, IPP e IEP12, respectivamente. Ao se analisar usando a correlação de Spearman para avaliar se houve variação na ordenação da diferença esperada na progênie, constatou-se alteração na classificação dos reprodutores de região para região. Estes resultados evidenciam a existência de interação genótipo x ambiente para as características avaliadas, havendo possibilidade de os reprodutores selecionados como de mérito genético superior para uma região não o serem para outras.
Níveis de lisina em rações de suínos em terminação: um metanálise para otimizar o desempenho
Authors: Portela L. B. , Siqueira J. C. , Bomfim M. A. D. , Nascimento D. C. N. , Ribeiro F. B. , Oliveira F. L. , Pereira W. G. , Santos J. C. dos
Published: November 2018

O objetivo do trabalho foi estimar os níveis de lisina (Lys) em rações de suínos em terminação, adequados para otimizar o desempenho e reduzir os custos com alimentação, utilizando a técnica da metanálise. Para isso foram utilizados dados de conversão alimentar (CA) de 16 experimentos dose-resposta realizados no Brasil, publicados entre os anos de 2000 e 2011, que avaliaram níveis crescentes de lisina na ração. Após convertidos para uma base comum, os dados de conversão alimentar dos trabalhos selecionados foram submetidos á análises de regressão considerando o nível de Lys como variável independente, utilizando os modelos exponencial, polinomial quadrático e Linear Response Plateau (LRP). Com base na equação exponencial, foi calculada a variação do custo com alimentação por kg de ganho de peso. Considerou-se o custo da ração basal (sem L-lisina HCl) como sendo R$ 0,70/kg, e atribuiu-se o valor de 2,80 (g/g) para a CA desejada. O nível ótimo de lisina total adequado para otimizar o desempenho, estimado a partir da utilização do modelo quadrático foi 1,036 %, enquanto o nível ótimo estimado para reduzir os custos com alimentação e aumentar a margem foi 0,980 % quando o kg de L-lisina HCl (78,5 %) custou R$ 4,71. Por outro lado quando o kg de L- lisina HCl (78,5 %) aumentou para R$ 7,85, o nível estimado reduziu para 0,880 %. Para simular o custo com alimentação por kg de GP de suínos em crescimento/terminação propôs-se uma equação.
Efecto de aditivos sobre la fermentación de ensilaje de hojas de yuca y el fluido ruminal en cabras enanas de África Occidental
Authors: Oni A. O. , Sowande O. S. , Oni O. O. , Aderinboye R. Y. , Dele P. A. , Ojo V. O. A. , Arigbede O. M. , Onwuka C. F. I.
Published: November 2018

Se realizó un estudio para investigar los efectos de diferentes aditivos sobre la calidad de la fermentación de ensilaje de hojas de yuca y sus efectos sobre los parámetros del fluido ruminal en dieciocho cabras Enanas de África Occidental. Las hojas de yuca fueron ensiladas, durante 30 días, solas (ECF) y con adición de 5 % de melaza (ECFM) o excretas de ponedoras en batería (ECFP) como aditivos. La adición de 5 % de melaza redujo el contenido de materia seca, 252,4 g/kg en ECF, a 238,9 g/kg en ECFM; con adición de 5 % de excretas (ECFP) la MS aumentó hasta 267,6 g/kg. El nivel de PB (207,6 g/kg en ECF) disminuyó a 198,5 g/kg en ECFM. Tanto la adición de melazas o excretas determinaron la reducción del contenido de HCN desde 98,5 g/kg en ECF (sin aditivos) a 89,3 en ECFP y 84,7 g/kg en ECFM. El pH medio del ensilaje sin aditivos (3,66) fue menor (p
Qualidade da carne de suínos submetidos a dietas com diferentes nivéis de ractopamina
Authors: Leal R. S. , Cantarelli V. S. , Mattos B. O. , Carvalho G. C. , Pimenta M. E. S. G. , Pimenta C. J.
Published: November 2018

O experimento foi conduzido no Departamento de Zootecnia da Universidade Federal de Lavras com o objetivo de avaliar características químicas, físicas e sensoriais da carne de suínos recebendo diferentes níveis de ractopamina na dieta, no período de 28 dias. Foram utilizados 72 suínos híbridos, sendo 30 machos castrados e 30 fêmeas, selecionados para alta deposição de carne, com peso inicial de 84,27±2,26 kg. O delineamento experimental foi em bloco casualizado, com 6 tratamentos (0, 3, 6, 9, 12 e 15 ppm de ractopamina) e 6 repetições, com a parcela experimental representada por 1 macho e 1 fêmea. A adição de ractopamina nas dietas dos suínos nos níveis testados melhorou a composição química tanto do lombo quanto da copa, contribuindo para uma maior deposição proteica e uma menor porcen-tagem de lipídeos nos cortes. Nas características físicas os níveis mais altos de ractopamina comprometeram a textura e alteraram a cor, além da aceitação pelos consumidores. Já em relação à estabilidade oxidativa, tanto para os lombos armazenados sob resfriamento quanto sob congelamento, a adição de ractopamina às dietas de suínos em terminação auxiliou na prevenção da oxidação lipídica.
Crescimento de tambaqui alimentado com diferentes niveis de farinha de manga e proteína na ração
Authors: Bezerra S. K. , Souza R. C. , Melo J. F. B. , Campeche D. F. B.
Published: November 2018

O trabalho avaliou o crescimento do tambaqui, (Colossoma macropomum) com a inclusão de diferentes concentrações (20, 30, 40 e 50 %) de farinha de manga (Mangifera indica) e redução dos teores de proteína (38, 33, 28 e 23 %) na ração, assim denominadas R20, R30, R40 e R50, respectivamente. Para realização do trabalho utilizou-se 240 peixes, delineados inteiramente ao acaso (4x3). O peso médio inicial foi de 5,21; 5,24; 5,19 e 4,99g respectivamente. O experimento durou 56 dias. O arraçoamento foi diário e de forma ad libitum. Analisaram-se as variáveis: taxa de crescimento específico, ganho de biomassa; conversão alimentar aparente, sobrevivência, análise de perfil metabólico e atividade de enzima digestiva. Os resultados de desempenho apresentaram regressão polinomial positiva nas rações com 50 % de farinha de manga e 23 % de proteína (R50). O peso médio final foi R20: 8,65; R30: 8,81; R40: 8,68 e R50: 11,39 g. Nas análises do perfil metabólico: glicose, glicogênio hepático, aminoácidos totais e colesterol, houve mobilização para manter os processos de energia no crescimento do tambaqui. Conclui-se que, o melhor desempenho dos tambaquis ocorre com a inclusão de 50 % de farinha de manga e 23 % de proteína. O perfil metabólico dos peixes é afetado positivamente pela substituição da proteína pela farinha de manga.
Analyse discriminante des ovins dans la région est de l’Algérie
Authors: Dekhili M.
Published: November 2018

La caractérisation de 347 brebis adultes a été réalisée dans la région de Sétif (Algérie). L’échantillonnage a concerné trois sites environ-nementaux: Nord, Centre et Sud. Selon les résultats obtenus, les coefficients de variations ont varié de 4,4 % à 34,3 %, inférant ainsi une large hétérogénéité. L’analyse canonique a fait ressortir de larges et significatives (p
Bagaço de mandioca com ou sem complexo enzimático em dietas de frangos de corte
Authors: Sousa J. P. L. , Rodrigues K. F. , Albino L. F. T. , Vaz R. G. M. V. , Silva G. F. da , Siqueira J. C. , Santos Neta E. R. , Parente I. P. , Amorim A. F. , Silva M. C. da
Published: November 2018

Objetivou-se avaliar a utilização de bagaço de mandioca (BM) em rações suplementadas com complexo enzimático (CE) para frangos de corte em duas fases. Foram avaliados o ganho de peso (GP), consumo de ração (CR) e conversão alimentar (CA) de frangos de corte nas fases de 1 a 21 e 22 a 40 dias, alimentados com rações contendo 0 e 20 % de inclusão de BM com e sem adição de CE. Os experimentos foram realizados num delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados com 4 tratamentos utilizando um arranjo fatorial 2x2 (0 e 20 % de BM, com e sem CE) com 8 repetições e 20 aves por unidade experimental. Não foi observada interação entre os tratamentos, inclusão de BM e CE. A inclusão do BM diminuiu o CR e o GP em ambas as fases de criação. Enquanto que a inclusão do CE melhorou o GP e a CA das aves na fase inicial, não afetando o desempenho na fase de 22 a 40 dias de idade, já menor custo de ração por quilograma de ganho de peso e os melhores índices de eficiência econômica e de custo para ambas as fases foi encontrado para os animais que foram submetidos a rações com 0 % de inclusão de bagaço de mandioca com adição de complexo enzimático.
Diferenciação de populações ovinas encontradas no estado do Piauí
Authors: Biagiotti D. , Sarmento J. L. R. , Rego Neto A. A. , Santos N. P. S. , Figueiredo Filho L. A. S. , Santos G. V. , Torres T. S. , Sena L. S.
Published: November 2018

Objetivou-se analisar a semelhança fenotípica entre genótipos de ovinos localizados em oito microrregiões do Estado do Piauí, para averiguação da semelhança de caracteres morfométricos de animais da raça Santa Inês com os de outras raças da região, utilizando-se de análise multivariada. Nos rebanhos amostrados foram encontrados animais das raças Santa Inês, Dorper e Morada Nova, presente uma ou mais raça simultaneamente. As características morfológicas avaliadas foram tipo de pelagem e perfil do chanfro, já as métricas foram a altura de cernelha, a altura de garupa, a circunferência torácica, o comprimento corporal e o comprimento de orelha. Essas características foram avaliadas com as raças estratificadas por microrregião e, através da análise de componentes principais e de agrupamento de Ward, analisou-se a semelhança fenotípica entre as raças e também a variação dentro da raça Santa Inês, com base na relação entre as características medidas. Constatou-se que a raça Santa Inês apresentou variação no tamanho de acordo com a microrregião e que se apresenta com maior altura, mas com menor comprimento e perímetro corporal que a Dorper no Piauí. Já a Morada Nova foi a menor em tamanho. A raça Santa Inês apresentou um grupo de animal com maior tamanho corporal, localizado nas microrregiões de Floriano, Médio Parnaíba Piauiense, Campo Maior e Teresina. Outro grupo de tamanho intermediário, porém com comprimento corporal e circunferência torácica maior e orelha pequena, localizado na microrregião de São Raimundo Nonato, e um terceiro grupo, com tamanho intermediário, orelhas grandes e animais menores, localiza-se nas microrregiões do Litoral Piauiense e Valença. Pela análise de correspondência das características morfológicas com tipo de chanfro e o tipo de pelagem, foi possível identificar que os animais da raça Dorper no Estado apresentam alta correspondência com a característica lanada, que pode ser considerado uma desvantagem por estar numa região que prevalece alta temperatura ao durante o ano.
Estudo preliminar sobre a extensão do desequilíbrio de ligação e estimativas de autozigose em bovinos leiteiros da raça Gir
Authors: Neves H. H. R. , Desidério J. A. , Pimentel E. C. G. , Scalez D. C. B. , Queiroz S. A.
Published: November 2018

Genótipos de 25 touros usados em inseminação artificial foram utilizados para estudar a extensão do desequilíbrio de ligação (LD) e a correspondência entre estimadores de endogamia baseados na informação de pedigree e de SNP da raça Gir no Brasil. No total, 24.020 SNPs tiveram frequências do alelo menor (MAF) maiores que 5 % e foram usados para calcular duas medidas de LD (r² and D’) para todos os pares de marcadores em cada autossomo. LD também foi utilizado para estimar o tamanho efetivo populacional (Ne) da população ancestral em diferentes gerações passadas. Coeficientes de endogamia individuais (F) foram estimados usando informação genealógica (Fped, pedigree de 9 gerações) ou informação de marcadores. As estimativas de F baseadas em marcadores foram obtidas com base no excesso de homozigose (Fhet) em marcadores SNP e a proporção estimada do genoma localizada em trilhas de homozigose (runs of homozigosity, Froh). O LD médio entre marcadores adjacentes de todos os autossomos foi de aproximadamente 0,20 e 0,75, estimado de acordo com as estatísticas r2 e D’. Nesta amostra analisada da raça Gir, verificou-se a existência de LD potencialmente útil para seleção genômica (r²>0,30) no caso de pares de marcadores separados por até 100kb. O tamanho efetivo populacional apresentou uma tendência consistente de queda ao longo do tempo, chegando abaixo de 56 nas últimas três gerações. Uma fraca correspondência entre as estimativas de endogamia individuais baseadas nas trilhas de homozigose e pedigree foi verificada neste estudo (correlações estimadas entre Fped e Froh variaram de 0,32 a 0,42). Os presentes resultados sugerem a possibilidade de aplicação da seleção genômica na raça Gir no Brasil, mas são necessários mais estudos sobre a extensão do desequilíbrio de ligação usando uma maior amostra desta população.
Glicerina bruta e caroço de algodão em suplementos múltiplos para terminação de bovinos à pasto na época das águas. Análise econômica
Authors: Possamai A. , Zervoudakis J. , Cabral L. , Oliveira A. , Hatamoto-Zervoudakis L. , Freiria L. , Donida E. , Koscheck J. W. , Silva P. I. J. L. R. , Melo A. C. B.
Published: November 2018

Objetivou-se avaliar o impacto da inclusão de caroço de algodão e glicerina bruta em suplementos múltiplos para bovinos em terminação na época das águas, sobre o desempenho produtivo e econômico da suplementação e aumento no peso de abate. Foram utilizados 40 bovinos, Nelore, machos, não castrados, distribuídos aleatoriamente em 4 grupos que receberam oferta média de 0,75 % do peso corporal em suplemento, pela formulação padrão (SP), inclusão de 15 % de glicerina bruta (GLIC), inclusão de 25 % de caroço de algodão (CA) ou inclusão de 15 % de glicerina bruta e 25 % de caroço de algodão (CAGLIC). Não houve influencia (p>0,05) sobre desempenho, peso de carcaça quente ou rendimento de carcaça. O incremento no peso de abate, mostrou-se favorável economicamente, independente da formulação utilizada, embora a maior rentabilidade tenha sido alcançada pelo fornecimento do suplemento CAGLIC dado ao menor custo do suplemento e manutenção do desempenho. A renda pode variar de acordo com os preços dos ingredientes padrões, devendo estes fatores ser considerados para a elaboração de suplementos múltiplos para bovinos em engorda a pasto no período das águas.
Confort térmico y crecimiento de corderas West African pastoreando con y sin acceso a sombra artificial
Authors: López R. , Pinto-Santini L. , Perozo D. , Pineda J. , Oliveros I. , Chacón T. , Rossini M. , Ríos de Álvarez L.
Published: November 2018

Con la finalidad de evaluar el efecto de la presencia o no de sombra durante el pastoreo sobre el crecimiento y confort térmico de corderas mestizas West African, se realizó un estudio utilizando 24 hembras ovinas de 13,08 ± 3,0 kg de peso vivo, las cuales fueron distribuidas al azar en dos tratamientos: SOMBRA: pastoreo en potrero de pasto estrella (Cynodon nlemfluensis) con acceso voluntario a sombra artificial o techo de lona de 36 m2 (3 m2 por animal) y SOL: pastoreo en potrero de pasto estrella sin disponibilidad de sombra natural o artificial. La experiencia se realizó en el Laboratorio-Sección Ovinos de la Facultad de Agronomía - Universidad Central de Venezuela. Los animales se encontraban pastoreando en dos potreros de pasto estrella durante 6 semanas. Las mediciones realizadas fueron: mediciones climáticas tomadas con dos estaciones meteorológicas portátiles (una para cada potrero y la de sombra colocada debajo del techo) que registraban temperatura ambiente (TA, °C), humedad relativa (HR, %) y radiación solar (RS, w/m2), con estas mediciones se estimó el índice de temperatura y humedad o ITH. Temperatura corporal (°C) y frecuencia respiratoria, para estimar el coeficiente de tolerancia al calor (CTC). El crecimiento de las corderas fue evaluado a través de las mediciones: peso vivo (PV), ganancia diaria de peso (GDP), largo corporal (LC), perímetro torácico (PT), altura a la cruz (AC), con las cuales se estimaron los índices de masa corporal 1 (IMC1) e índice de masa corporal 2 (IMC2). En cuanto a las variables climáticas, la TAmax y HR promedio resultaron mayores para SOMBRA que para SOL, en 1,3 °C y 8,1 %, respectivamente (p
Fiabilidad de los principales métodos de diagnóstico de Varroa destructor en colonias de abejas
Authors: Flores J. M. , Gil S. , Padilla F.
Published: November 2018

El ácaro Varroa destructor es el principal problema de sanidad animal al que se enfrenta nuestra apicultura. La cuantificación de la población de este ácaro es un factor de gran importancia para la inspección veterinaria y los apicultores, además determina la necesidad de realizar o no realizar tratamientos. En este trabajo se evalúan diferentes métodos de diagnóstico: i) ácaros desprendidos con azúcar en polvo o etanol del cuerpo de abejas adultas barridas de cuadros de alimento y cría, ii) ácaros obtenidos de celdillas de cría de abejas obreras y iii) ácaros caídos a los fondos de las colmenas en un período de 4 días. El número de ácaros recogidos de los fondos de las colonias presenta una correlación positiva con el número total de ácaros presentes en las colonias. La cuantificación del número de ácaros presentes en las abejas adultas o en la cría de obrera solo puede ser utilizada de forma indicativa para el diagnóstico. El uso del azúcar en polvo solo desprende un tercio de los ácaros presentes en el cuerpo de las obreras adultas.