bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal Dynamics of a Delayed Viral Infection Model with Two Modes of Transmission and Immune Impairment
Authors: Miao Hui , Jiao Meiyan
Published: April 2022

In this paper, the dynamical behaviors for a diffusive virus infection model with two general nonlinear incidence functions, CTL immune impairment and discrete delays, are investigated. Cell‐to‐cell transmission plays a more important role in virus spreading in addition to virus‐to‐cell infection. Nonnegativity and boundcedness properties of the solutions are proven to show the well‐posedness of the model. Five reproduction numbers are calculated and verified to be thresholds determining the global properties of the virus model. A significant impact of cell‐to‐cell transmission is that they increase the basic reproduction number. If one neglects either the cell‐to‐cell transmission or virus‐to‐cell infection, the basic reproduction number of the model is underevaluated. Numerical simulations are carried out to illustrate the dynamical behavior of the model.
LANCL1 as the Key Immune Marker in Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Shi Yu , Zhang XueFei , Fang Qian , Zhan Hongrui , Wang Xianglong , Huang Xiyan , Fan Tao , Liu Wei , Wu Wen
Published: April 2022

Objective. This study is to explore key immune markers and changes of immune microenvironment in neuropathic pain (NeuP). Method. The data sets of GSE145199 and GSE145226 in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was used to analyze, and the key immune markers were verified by GSE70006 and GSE91396, and the infiltration degree of immune cells in different samples were analyzed by CIBERSORT analysis package. Results. In this study, we found a key immune marker, namely, LANCL1. Regulatory axis closely related to LANCL1 has also been found, namely, miR-6325/LANCL1 axis. In the immune infiltration analysis, we also found that the LANCL1 is positively correlated with T cells CD4 naïve (

r
=
0.880

,

p
<
0.05

). Conclusion. In this study, we found that LANCL1 may be a protective factor for NeuP, and the miR-6325/LANCL1 axis may be involved in the occurrence and development of NeuP. Cascade reactions including mast cells, macrophages, and T cells may be an important reason for the aggravation of nerve damage.
Concepciones infantiles sobre género y sexualidad en un espacio de educación popular
Authors: Montenegro Hebe Ailen , Ezquerra Maria Belen
Published: April 2022

(analítico)En los últimos años la sociedad argentina atravesó múltiples debates en torno al género y al feminismo. Los argumentos que se esgrimían recurrían a la niñez en tanto sujeto afectado por las decisiones de las/os adultas/os. Sin embargo, pocas veces escuchamos a niñas/os opinando sobre estos debates. Realizamos un análisis de las concepciones que construyen acerca del género niñas/os de entre 7 y 12 años, que participan de un proyecto de educación popular en la villa 31 de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, desde un abordaje etnográfico. Se observaron diferencias entre las formas en las que niñas y niños se aproximan a las temáticas de género y sexualidad, así como también la influencia de los diversos espacios que las y los niñas/os habitan en su vida cotidiana.
Palabras clave: Niñez; sexualidad; etnografía; educación.
Escravidão emoldurada: entre noções locais de cativeiro e definições legais de escravidão contemporânea
Authors: Costa Patricia Trindade Maranhão
Published: April 2022

O que é escravidão? É possível identificá-la em contextos em que foi legalmente abolida? Para responder às questões, o artigo analisa os usos da escravidão como moldura interpretativa, criada a partir de um rito da cultura popular, que atribui sentido a experiências de exploração e privação vividas no trabalho. Essa moldura permite reconhecer formas contemporâneas de escravidão previstas na legislação nacional e identificar outras não abarcadas. Baseada em pesquisa etnográfica sobre os congados mineiros, a análise oferece uma contribuição antropológica aos estudos sobre os elementos constitutivos da escravidão e suas definições legais. Apresenta possibilidades para melhor adequação desses dispositivos jurídicos às circunstâncias em que operam, sugerindo maneiras de traduzi-los nos termos dos que percebem suas condições de trabalho, ou as do segmento social a que pertencem, como associadas à escravidão.
Cidade flutuante: Manaus em três autores
Authors: Paiva Marco Aurélio Coelho
Published: April 2022

A partir de uma análise de alguns dos contos de Alberto Rangel em Inferno verde, de Márcio Souza em A caligrafia de Deus, e de Milton Hatoum em A cidade ilhada, o artigo objetiva articular os diferentes modos de figuração da cidade de Manaus e relacionar o texto literário com a problemática urbana. A análise dos contos aponta tanto para as questões relativas ao trabalho intelectual e literário a partir da cidade quanto para as novas representações da Amazônia fabuladas pelos autores.
Rômulo Almeida: o anônimo ilustre da economia política brasileira
Authors: Barboza Darlan Praxedes
Published: April 2022

Resenha de O Brasil desenvolvimentista e a trajetória de Rômulo Almeida: projeto, interpretação e utopia. São Paulo, Alameda, 2021, de Alexandre de Freitas Barbosa
Modos de amanhecer: inflexões da Alba na poesia portuguesa contemporânea
Authors: Pereira Paulo Alexandre
Published: April 2022

No presente artigo, partindo de uma breve sondagem da tradição mitopoética e das convenções sémico-formais da alba medieval, examina-se o modo como três poetas portugueses contemporâneos – Natália Correia, Joaquim Manuel Magalhães e Pedro Sena-Lino – revisitaram, com variável grau de mimetismo e no contexto de idiomas poéticos diversos, o arquétipo do canto do amanhecer, compaginando-o com a sua poiesis e mitos pessoais. Combinando livremente módulos poéticos de ascendência trovadoresca, não é raro que os autores dos séculos XX-XXI procedam à sua refuncionalização ou inversão paródica, chegando a compor verdadeiras contra-albas.
Couto, Mia; Agualusa, José Eduardo. O Terrorista Elegante e outras histórias. Ilustrações de Alex Cerveny. São Paulo: Planeta, P. 176, 2019. Alex cerveny. São Paulo: Planeta, p. 176, 2019.
Authors: Kaplan Sheila
Published: April 2022

Resenha do livro O terrorista elegante e outras histórias de MIa Couto e  José Eduardo Agualusa

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Resenha do livro O terrorista elegante e outras histórias dos escritores Jose Eduardo Agualusa e Mia Couto.
Study on the diversity of birds in the new abode of wetlands created by the 2004 tsunami in South Andaman
Authors: Neelam Purti  , Shankar V. Shiva , G. Narshimulu  , Satyajit Halder  , C. Ramayya  , Ravi Pratap Singh
Published: April 2022

Subsidence and upliftment of landmass were encountered in Andaman & Nicobar Islands due to the 2004 tsunami. The subsided landmass at the coastal front was permanently waterlogged ensuring a conducive new habitat for wetland birds. Pre- and post-tsunami Landsat satellite data products were used to demarcate the permanently waterlogged areas. A total of 63 bird species belonging to nine families comprising of five orders were identified and documented through direct observation technique in six stations of the 2004 post-tsunami-created wetlands in South Andaman. Order Charadriiformes and Anseriformes recorded the highest (47.62%) and least (4.76%) taxonomic composition of wetland birds, respectively. Scolopacidae family recorded the highest (56.67%) species composition. Among the six stations, the highest diversity of birds was observed in Sippighat and Ograbraj stations.
Freshwater fish diversity in hill streams of Saberi River in Eastern Ghats of Odisha, India
Authors: Supriya Surachita  , Palita Sharat Kumar
Published: April 2022

Freshwater fish diversity of the hill streams of Saberi River (a major tributary of the Godavari River system) in Koraput district in Eastern Ghats of southern Odisha was studied from September 2017 to August 2019. Sites for the present study were located between Gupteswar Proposed Reserve Forest (PRF) of Odisha on the eastern side, and Kanger Valley National Park of Chhattisgarh on the western side. A total of 36 species of freshwater fish belonging to 24 genera, 13 families and six orders were recorded from the study sites, of which two species are exotic. Family Cyprinidae dominated with 14 species. Species richness and diversity is greater during the pre-monsoon months followed by post-monsoon and monsoon months respectively. The physico-chemical parameters of water in the study sites during all seasons are within prescribed limits for fish culture. Among the four major types of fish habitats identified in the study sites (riffles, runs, pools and logs), pools were the most preferred, and logs the least preferred habitat for the fishes. Habitat analysis indicated that deep pools and runs are the primary habitats contributing to the maximum species diversity, and therefore, protection of these particular habitats is recommended for conservation and management of ichthyodiversity.
Philately of mangroves: local to global reflection
Authors: Shindikar Mahesh , Yogesh Deshpande  , Prasad Kulkarni  , Anand Billade  , Ajit Vartak
Published: April 2022

Philately is one of the most popular hobbies since its inception and there are millions of known philatelists across the globe. Other than just a hobby, it can also be seen as a tool for reflecting social, political, natural specialities of the country for internal and external demonstration. It is an effective medium to display the richness of natural diversity, customs, and traditions and also the man-made wonders for its users. Stamps and other philatelic items can be viewed as conservation tool. They not only sensitize the public to the fate of the threatened environment or biota but also help in raising funds.  Mangroves represent one of the most diverse coastal ecotonal wetlands of tropics and subtropics. They are the ecosystems inhabited by diverse group of floral, faunal, and microbial elements. Though neglected initially, these forests have attracted the global attention after understanding their role in coastal ecology and economy.  The current study is a modest attempt to use themed philately to investigate the unique representation of the world’s most diversified mangrove ecosystem. With this goal in mind, a systematic spatio-temporal review of philatelic publications was conducted, and the results are presented along with the available data and alternative interpretations.
Group size pattern and distribution of threatened Sambar Rusa unicolor (Artiodactyla: Cervidae) in Moyar River Valley, India
Authors: Thirumurugan Vedagiri , Chandravilasam Sreedharan Nair Vishnu  , Prabakaran Nehru , Ramesh Chinnasamy
Published: April 2022

Sambars are usually observed as solitary or in small groups with fewer than six individuals. We discuss some insights on infrequent larger aggregations of Sambar based on our sighting records between January 2018 and January 2020 in the Moyar River Valley landscape of Tamil Nadu, southern India.
Distribution of the genus Pinguicula (L., 1753) (Lentibulariaceae) in Gunma Prefecture, Japan with new records
Authors: Shimai Hiro , Ohmori Takehiro
Published: April 2022

We studied the distribution of two Pinguicula (Butterwort) species in Gunma Prefecture, Japan based on our herbarium specimen examinations and field observations. As a result, several localities of Pinguicula macroceras, such as Mt. Akagi-yama or the Tanigawa Mountain Range, were present today. In addition, two new localities of P. macroceras, Mts. Hotaka-yama and Ojikazawa-no-kashira, which had not been previously recorded, were found. However, only a single locality of P. ramosa, a threatened species (Endangered in the Red List of Gunma Prefecture and Vulnerable in the Red List of the Ministry of the Environment of Japan), was confirmed to be present in the prefecture. The two species have extremely narrow environmental preference and are restricted to specific environmental niches. The population size of both species at each microhabitat is small and there is a potential risk of disappearance of those localities in the future by the impacts of environmental stress or human activities. This study documents the current situations of the genus in Gunma Prefecture and suggests that urgent conservation is necessary to protect both the two species and their habitats in the prefecture.
Distribution records of Dormer’s Bat Scotozous dormeri (Dobson, 1875) (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in Nepal
Authors: Dahal Dibya Raj , Thapa Sanjan , Chand Delip Singh , Singh Nanda Bahadur
Published: April 2022

Dormer’s Bat is endemic to southern Asia and distributed in tropical, semi-arid, or arid climatic zones in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Nepal (Srinivasulu & Srinivasulu 2019). It is insectivorous in nature and plays an important role in the natural control of insects. Roost search and mist netting were conducted during early evening to 2200 h in three sites and the species was identified by field-based morphology including medium body size, pale gray brown color on the dorsal side, buffy white ventral surface, and face is necked and uniform mid-brown in color. A total of five individuals of Scotozous dormeri were recorded from east to west Nepal and the forearm ranged 34.4–36.00 mm in length. An individual was observed in a cavity in a pillar in a wooden house at Ramjhoda, Sunsari District. Two individuals each were trapped at the Morange River, Morang District in the east and Hattikhauwa, Dang District in the west. Three localities of the species’ record lie in the dry and arid sub-tropical areas. This study records the second to fourth locality records of the species distribution to Nepal.
First photographic record of the presence of Smooth-coated Otter Lutrogale perspicillata in Ghaghra River, India
Authors: Gawan Saurav , Panda Ashish K. , Rawat Aakash Mohan
Published: April 2022

The presence of Smooth-coated Otter was documented at two different locations in Ghaghra River, the transboundary tributary of river Ganga, during the rapid ecological assessment undertaken in the year 2019–2020. The distance between the two sightings along the river was 250 km. Smooth-coated Otters were photographed swimming near river banks and grooming themselves by rubbing their bodies on the sandbanks. These sightings (documented via photographs) are the first primary evidence of their presence from Ghaghra River, indicating its importance as a suitable habitat outside the protected area.
Back after 40 years: a rare sighting of Eurasian Siskin Spinus spinus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Aves: Passeriformes: Fringillidae) in Himachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Pop Paul , Barwal Kuldeep Singh , Puneet Pandey  , Singh Harminder Pal , Singh Randeep
Published: April 2022

We report a rare sighting of Eurasian Siskin Spinus spinus (Linnaeus, 1758) in Himachal Pradesh, a re-sighting after 40 years, and only the second record for the state. In November 2021, a male S. spinus was briefly seen in Gushaini, in the ecozone of the Great Himalayan National Park Conservation Area, Kullu district. The two low elevation records from 2021 strongly contrast previous records from India. This paper expands upon the sparse information available on the migration of this species within India.
Assessment of Visit‐to‐Visit Blood Pressure Variability in Adults With Optimal Blood Pressure: A New Player in the Evaluation of Residual Cardiovascular Risk?
Authors: Liu Menghui , Chen Xiaohong , Zhang Shaozhao , Lin Junfan , Wang Lichun , Liao Xinxue , Zhuang Xiaodong
Published: April 2022

Background

There is a paucity of evidence regarding the association between visit‐to‐visit blood pressure variability and residual cardiovascular risk. We aimed to provide relevant evidence by determining whether high systolic blood pressure (SBP) variability in the optimal SBP levels still influences the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Methods and Results

We studied 7065 participants (aged 59.3±5.6 years; 44.3% men; and 82.9% White) in the ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) study with optimal SBP levels from visit 1 to visit 3. Visit‐to‐visit SBP variability was measured by variability independent of the mean in the primary analysis. The primary outcome was the major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE), defined as the first occurrence of all‐cause mortality, coronary heart disease, stroke, and heart failure. During a median follow‐up of 19.6 years, 2691 participants developed MACEs. After multivariable adjustment, the MACE risk was higher by 21% in participants with the highest SBP variability (variability independent of the mean quartile 4) compared with the lowest SBP variability participants (variability independent of the mean quartile 1) (hazard ratio, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.09–1.35). The restricted cubic spline showed that the hazard ratio for MACE was relatively linear, with a higher variability independent of the mean being associated with higher risk. These association were also found in the stratified analyses of participants with or without hypertension.

Conclusions

In adults with optimal SBP levels, higher visit‐to‐visit SBP variability was significantly associated with a higher risk of MACE regardless of whether they had hypertension. Therefore, it may be necessary to further focus on the visit‐to‐visit SBP variability even at the guideline‐recommended optimal blood pressure levels.
Cardiovascular Risk and Treatment Outcomes in Severe Hypercholesterolemia: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Lee Chan Joo , Park Sanghyun , Han Kyungdo , Lee Sang‐Hak
Published: April 2022

Background

This study aimed to evaluate the cardiovascular risk and outcomes after lipid reduction in patients with severe hypercholesterolemia using a nationwide cohort.

Methods and Results

This study used the database from the National Health Insurance Service of Korea. Among individuals who underwent regular health examination and follow‐up, 2 377 918 were enrolled and categorized into 3 groups with severe hypercholesterolemia according to low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) levels, namely, ≥260, 225 to 259, and 190 to 224 mg/dL groups, and a control group (<160 mg/dL). Risks of composite cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization, and ischemic stroke) and total mortality were compared. In statin new users, the outcomes after statin use were further analyzed according to posttreatment LDL‐C levels. The prevalence of individuals with LDL‐C≥190 mg/dL was 1 of 106. Adjusted hazard ratios of composite events and total mortality (median follow‐up, 6.1 years) in the groups ranged up to 2.4 (log‐rank
P
<0.0001) and 2.3 (log‐rank
P
=0.0002), respectively, and were dependent on LDL‐C levels. The risks of each event were up to 4.1‐, 3.8‐, and 1.9‐fold higher, respectively, in these groups. The risk of composite events (median follow‐up, 6.2 years) was lower after lipid lowering; particularly, the risk was lowest in the group showing LDL‐C<100 mg/dL after treatment (hazard ratio, 0.56, log‐rank
P
=0.043).

Conclusions

Using large Korean cohort data, our study proved incrementally elevated cardiovascular risk and clinical benefit associated with LDL‐C<100 mg/dL in individuals with severe hypercholesterolemia. These results support aggressive lipid lowering and provide evidence for the LDL‐C target in this population.
Epidemiology and Management of ST‐Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction in Patients With COVID‐19: A Report From the American Heart Association COVID‐19 Cardiovascular Disease Registry
Authors: Bhatt Ankeet S. , Varshney Anubodh S. , Goodrich Erica L. , Gong Jingyi , Ginder Curtis , Senman Balimkiz C. , Johnson Matthew , Butler Kayleigh , Woolley Ann E. , de Lemos James A. , Morrow David A. , Bohula Erin A.
Published: April 2022

Background

Early reports from the COVID‐19 pandemic identified coronary thrombosis leading to ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) as a complication of COVID‐19 infection. However, the epidemiology of STEMI in patients with COVID‐19 is not well characterized. We sought to determine the incidence, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, and outcomes in STEMI patients hospitalized for COVID‐19.

Methods and Results

Patients with data on presentation ECG and in‐hospital myocardial infarction were identified from January 14, 2020 to November 30, 2020, from 105 sites participating in the American Heart Association COVID‐19 Cardiovascular Disease Registry. Patient characteristics, resource use, and clinical outcomes were summarized and compared based on the presence or absence of STEMI. Among 15 621 COVID‐19 hospitalizations, 54 (0.35%) patients experienced in‐hospital STEMI. Among patients with STEMI, the majority (n=40, 74%) underwent transthoracic echocardiography, but only half (n=27, 50%) underwent coronary angiography. Half of all patients with COVID‐19 and STEMI (n=27, 50%) did not undergo any form of primary reperfusion therapy. Rates of all‐cause shock (47% versus 14%), cardiac arrest (22% versus 4.8%), new heart failure (17% versus 1.4%), and need for new renal replacement therapy (11% versus 4.3%) were multifold higher in patients with STEMI compared with those without STEMI (
P
<0.050 for all). Rates of in‐hospital death were 41% in patients with STEMI, compared with 16% in those without STEMI (
P
<0.001).

Conclusions

STEMI in hospitalized patients with COVID‐19 is rare but associated with poor in‐hospital outcomes. Rates of coronary angiography and primary reperfusion were low in this population of patients with STEMI and COVID‐19. Adaptations of systems of care to ensure timely contemporary treatment for this population are needed.
Diagnostic Yield of Genetic Testing in Young Patients With Atrioventricular Block of Unknown Cause
Authors: Resdal Dyssekilde Johnni , Frederiksen Tanja Charlotte , Christiansen Morten Krogh , Hasle Sørensen Rikke , Pedersen Lisbeth Nørum , Loof Møller Peter , Christensen Lene Svendstrup , Larsen Jacob Moesgaard , Thomsen Kristian Korsgaard , Lindhardt Tommi Bo , Böttcher Morten , Molsted Stig , Havndrup Ole , Fischer Thomas , Møller Dorthe Svenstrup , Henriksen Finn Lund , Johansen Jens Brock , Nielsen Jens Cosedis , Bundgaard Henning , Nygaard Mette , Jensen Henrik Kjærulf
Published: April 2022

Background

The cause of atrioventricular block (AVB) remains unknown in approximately half of young patients with the diagnosis. Although variants in several genes associated with cardiac conduction diseases have been identified, the contribution of genetic variants in younger patients with AVB is unknown.

Methods and Results

Using the Danish Pacemaker and Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD) Registry, we identified all patients younger than 50 years receiving a pacemaker because of AVB in Denmark in the period from January 1, 1996 to December 31, 2015. From medical records, we identified patients with unknown cause of AVB at time of pacemaker implantation. These patients were invited to a genetic screening using a panel of 102 genes associated with inherited cardiac diseases. We identified 471 living patients with AVB of unknown cause, of whom 226 (48%) accepted participation. Median age at the time of pacemaker implantation was 39 years (interquartile range, 32–45 years), and 123 (54%) were men. We found pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in genes associated with or possibly associated with AVB in 12 patients (5%). Most variants were found in theLMNAgene (n=5).LMNAvariant carriers all had a family history of either AVB and/or sudden cardiac death.

Conclusions

In young patients with AVB of unknown cause, we found a possible genetic cause in 1 out of 20 participating patients. Variants in theLMNAgene were most common and associated with a family history of AVB and/or sudden cardiac death, suggesting that genetic testing should be a part of the diagnostic workup in these patients to stratify risk and screen family members.
Long‐Term Outcome and Quality of Life in Patients With Stroke Presenting With Extensive Early Infarction
Authors: Beyeler Morin , Weber Loris , Buffle Eric , Kurmann Christoph C. , Piechowiak Eike Immo , Branca Mattia , Meinel Thomas Raphael , Jung Simon , Seiffge David , Heldner Mirjam R. , Pilgram‐Pastor Sara M. , Dobrocky Tomas , Mordasini Pasquale , Arnold Marcel , Gralla Jan , Fischer Urs , Kaesmacher Johannes
Published: April 2022

Background

The benefit of mechanical thrombectomy in patients with low Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score (ASPECTS) for short‐term outcomes is debatable and long‐term outcomes remain unknown. This retrospective, monocentric cohort study aimed to assess the association between reperfusion grade and the long‐term functional outcome measured with modified Rankin scale as well as the long‐term health‐related quality of life recorded at the last follow‐up in patients according to baseline ASPECTS (0–5 versus 6–10).

Methods

Deceased patients were identified from the Swiss population register and follow‐up telephone interviews were conducted with all surviving patients with stroke treated with mechanical thrombectomy between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2018. Favorable outcome was defined as modified Rankin scale 0 to 3; health‐related quality of life was assessed using the 3‐level version of the EuroQol 5‐dimensional questionnaire. The EuroQol 5‐dimension utility index was calculated for statistical analyses. The reperfusion grade was core laboratory adjudicated using the expanded treatment in cerebral ischemia score. Adjusted odds ratios for the association between the reperfusion grade assessed by expanded treatment in cerebral ischemia and outcomes were calculated from multivariable logistic regression.

Results

Of the 1114 patients with available long‐term follow‐up records (median follow‐up, 3.67 years), 997 were included in the final analysis. Respectively, patients with low ASPECTS more often had complaints regarding mobility (67.1% versus 42.1%,
P
<0.001), self‐care (53.4% versus 31.2%,
P
<0.001), and usual activities (65.8% versus 41.4%,
P
<0.001) than patients with high ASPECTS, whereas reported pain/discomfort (65.7% versus 69.9%,
P
=0.49) and anxiety/depression (71.2% versus 78.9%,
P
=0.17) did not differ. In patients with low ASPECTS, increasing reperfusion grade was associated with a higher likelihood of long‐term favorable functional outcome (adjusted odds ratio, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.09–1.88 [
P=
0.01]) and health‐related quality of life (adjusted linear correlation coefficient, 0.05; 95% CI, 0.02–0.08) despite early extensive infarction.

Conclusion

Despite low baseline ASPECTS, a higher reperfusion grade results in better functional outcomes and may improve health‐related quality of life in the long term.
Artificial intelligence-assisted colonoscopy: a narrative review of current data and clinical applications
Authors: Li JW , Wang LM , Ang TL
Published: April 2022

Colonoscopy is the reference standard procedure for the prevention and diagnosis of colorectal cancer, which is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in Singapore. Artificial intelligence systems are automated, objective and reproducible. Artificial intelligence-assisted colonoscopy has recently been introduced into clinical practice as a clinical decision support tool. This review article provides a summary of the current published data and discusses ongoing research and current clinical applications of artificial intelligence-assisted colonoscopy.
Changes in the genus Euplocania (Psocodea: Ptiloneuridae): invalidation of the species group Marginata and establishment of the species group Uariniensis, with description of two new species
Authors: GONZÁLEZ-OBANDO RANULFO , CARREJO-GIRONZA NANCY , ALDRETE ALFONSO NERI GARCÍA
Published: April 2022

The recent examination of the morphology of the wings, hypandrium and phallosome, of Brazilian and Colombian species of Euplocania, initially assigned to the species group Marginata, suggested that the group was wrongly established and therefore, must be removed. As a consequence, the new species group Uariniensis is proposed to include E. atlantica Silva-Neto, E. uariniensis Silva-Neto, García Aldrete & Rafael and E. macuxi Pereira, Silva-Neto & Boldrini, in addition to the two species described in this paper: E. guticortesorum n. sp. and E. wilsoni n. sp. The number of species in Euplocania is raised to 53. A key for the determination of the species (males) of the group Uariniensis is also included.
A Magnetic Field and Heat and Mass Transfer Impact on the Blood’s Peristaltic Flow Associated with an Asymmetric Channel
Authors: Alqahtani Manal M.
Published: April 2022

The present investigation studies the Jeffery fluid model’s peristaltic flow by means of an asymmetric channel. Mathematical analysis has been performed on the exitance of a magnetic field, as well as the mass and heat transfer associated with an asymmetric channel with peristaltic
flow. The mass and heat transfer’s impact, a magnetic field, and concentration on blood peristaltic flow associated with an asymmetric channel is investigated in this study. A mathematical assay took place in the a magnetic field’s exitance, examining the flow in a wavy frame of
references traversing with the wave’s velocity. The physical problem is illustrated with the first model; the analytical solution is carried out with a low-Reynolds and long-wavelength number assumption. Accurate values of the heat transfer coefficient and equations for the following
variables were found. The numerical results were illustrated graphically for the sake of different values of interest in terms of physical parameters. Plotting graphs based on computational results allows for examination of the impacts of pertinent features on the abovementioned volumes and
quentities. The findings show that parameters have a significant impact.
Revisiting the Hail Radar Reflectivity–Kinetic Energy Flux Relation by Combining T-Matrix and Discrete Dipole Approximation Calculations to Size Distribution Observations
Authors: Cecchini Micael A. , Heymsfield Andrew J. , Honeyager Ryan , Field Paul , Machado Luiz A. T. , Dias Maria A. F. da Silva
Published: April 2022

The retrieval of hail kinetic energy with weather radars or its simulation in numerical models is challenging because of the shape complexity and variable density of hailstones. We combine 3D scans of individual hailstones with measurements of the particle size distributions (PSD) and T-matrix calculations to understand how hail reflectivity Z changes when approximating hailstones as spheroids, as compared to the realistic shapes obtained by 3D scanning technology. Additionally, recent terminal velocity relations are used to compare Z to the hail kinetic energy flux . We parameterize the hail backscattering cross sections at L, S, C, and X bands as a function of size between 0.5 and 5.0 cm, matching the range of the observed PSDs. The scattering calculations use the T-matrix method for size parameters below 1.0 and the discrete dipole approximation (DDA) method otherwise. The DDA calculations are done for 48 digital models of realistic hailstones of sizes between 1 and 5 cm. The DDA cross sections are calculated for multiple orientations and averaged assuming a fully random orientation distribution to provide a single value per hailstone. The T-matrix reflectivity assuming solid ice spheres presents negligible differences to DDA results for size parameters below 1.0. Therefore, T matrix was used to fill in the gaps left by the DDA calculations. The results are mapped to the same size bins of the observed PSDs, allowing the calculation of the radar reflectivity. This is then correlated to , allowing a potential improvement of past retrieval methods of from Z in multiple wavelengths.
The Basic Equations under Weak Temperature Gradient Balance: Formulation, Scaling, and Types of Convectively Coupled Motions
Authors: Adames Ángel F.
Published: April 2022

The weak temperature gradient (WTG) approximation is extended to the basic equations on a rotating plane. The circulation is decomposed into a diabatic component that satisfies WTG balance exactly and a deviation from this balance. Scale analysis of the decomposed basic equations reveals a spectrum of motions, including unbalanced inertio-gravity waves and several systems that are in approximate WTG balance. The balanced systems include equatorial moisture modes with features reminiscent of the MJO, off-equatorial moisture modes that resemble tropical depression disturbances, “mixed systems” in which temperature and moisture play comparable roles in their thermodynamics, and moist quasigeostrophic motions. In the balanced systems the deviation from WTG balance is quasi nondivergent, in nonlinear balance, and evolves in accordance to the vorticity equation. The evolution of the strictly balanced WTG circulation is in turn described by the divergence equation. WTG balance restricts the flow to evolve in the horizontal plane by making the isobars impermeable to vorticity and divergence, even in the presence of diabatically driven vertical motions. The vorticity and divergence equations form a closed system of equations when the irrotational circulation is in WTG balance and the nondivergent circulation is in nonlinear balance. The resulting “WTG equations” may elucidate how interactions between diabatic processes and the horizontal circulation shape slowly evolving tropical motions.

Significance Statement

Many gaps in our understanding of tropical weather systems still exist and there are still many opportunities to improve their forecasting. We seek to further our understanding of the tropics by extending a framework known as the “weak temperature gradient approximation” to all of the equations for atmospheric flow. Doing this reveals a variety of motions whose scales are similar to observed tropical weather systems. We also show that two equations describe the evolution of slow systems: one that describes tropical thunderstorms and one for the rotating horizontal winds. The two equations may help us understand the dynamics of slowly evolving tropical systems.
Comparison of Desroziers and Three-Cornered Hat Methods for Estimating COSMIC-2 Bending Angle Uncertainties
Authors: Semane Noureddine , Anthes Richard , Sjoberg Jeremiah , Healy Sean , Ruston Benjamin
Published: April 2022

We compare two seemingly different methods of estimating random error statistics (uncertainties) of observations, the three-cornered hat (3CH) method and Desroziers method, and show several examples of estimated uncertainties of COSMIC-2 (C2) radio occultation (RO) observations. The two methods yield similar results, attesting to the validity of both. The small differences provide insight into the sensitivity of the methods to the assumptions and computational details. These estimates of RO error statistics differ considerably from several RO error models used by operational weather forecast centers, suggesting that the impact of RO observations on forecasts can be improved by adjusting the RO error models to agree more closely with the RO error statistics. Both methods show RO uncertainty estimates that vary with latitude. In the troposphere, uncertainties are higher in the tropics than in the subtropics and middle latitudes. In the upper stratosphere–lower mesosphere, we find the reverse, with tropical uncertainties slightly less than in the subtropics and higher latitudes. The uncertainty estimates from the two techniques also show similar variations between a 31-day period during Northern Hemisphere tropical cyclone season (16 August–15 September 2020) and a month near the vernal equinox (April 2021). Finally, we find a relationship between the vertical variation of the C2 estimated uncertainties and atmospheric variability, as measured by the standard deviation of the C2 sample. The convergence of the error estimates and the standard deviations above 40 km indicates a lessening impact of assimilating RO above this level.

Significance Statement

Uncertainties of observations are of general interest and their knowledge is important for assimilation in numerical weather prediction models. This paper compares two methods of estimating these uncertainties and shows that they give nearly identical results under certain conditions. The estimation of the COSMIC-2 bending angle uncertainties and how they compare to the assumed bending angle error models in several operational weather centers suggests that there is an opportunity for obtaining improved impact of RO observations in numerical model forecasts. Finally, the relationship between the COSMIC-2 bending angle errors and atmospheric variability provides insight into the sources of RO observational uncertainties.
Lidar Observations and Data Assimilation of Low-Level Moist Inflows Causing Severe Local Rainfall Associated with a Mesoscale Convective System
Authors: Yoshida Satoru , Sakai Tetsu , Nagai Tomohiro , Ikuta Yasutaka , Shoji Yoshinori , Seko Hiromu , Shiraishi Koichi
Published: April 2022

We conducted an observational survey using a ground-based water vapor Raman lidar (RL) during the warm season in Japan to investigate the water vapor structure of low-level inflows that contribute to the formation of a mesoscale convective system (MCS). After the passage of a warm front, low-level moisture convergence contributed to the initiation and development of numerous convective clouds that composed the MCS. The RL observations showed that the vertical profiles of the water vapor mixing ratio (WVMR) associated with low-level inflows into the MCS exceeded 20 g kg−1 below 500 m above sea level, which is comparable to WVMRs in previous reports associated with MCSs in Japan and the United States. We conducted two assimilation experiments using a four-dimensional variational data assimilation system: one is to assimilate operational observational data (CNTL), and the other is to assimilate WVMR vertical profiles and operational observational data (TEST). A comparison between TEST and CNTL showed that data assimilation of the WVMR vertical profiles not only modified the moisture field but also the wind field. It appears that the modifications observed in horizontal wind are related to the modification of the WVMR in the analysis fields. These WVMR and wind modifications improved the reproduction of the frontal surface and forecasting of 6-h precipitation amount slightly. Data assimilation of vertical profiles of the WVMR has positive and negative impacts on the WVMR and horizontal wind, respectively, implying that the vertical profiles of both the horizontal wind and the WVMR might better estimate initial conditions and forecasts.

Significance Statement

Low-level moisture inflows are one of the key parameters involved in the formation of mesoscale convective systems (MCSs). Therefore, data assimilation of low-level moisture profiles is one of the prospective methods for better forecasting heavy precipitation associated with MCSs. However, few direct observations of the low-level moisture structure associated with MCSs and data assimilation experiments have been undertaken to date. We observed the vertical profiles of moisture associated with an MCS in Japan using a ground-based water vapor Raman lidar and show the existence of a relatively moist low-level inflow into the MCS. The data assimilation of low-level moisture has positive and negative impacts on moisture and horizontal wind, respectively, and improves slightly 6-h precipitation forecasts.
Extreme Winter Precipitation Regimes in Eastern North America: Synoptic-Scale and Thermodynamic Environments
Authors: Low Yeechian , Gyakum John R. , Atallah Eyad
Published: April 2022

We define extreme precipitation regimes (EPRs) during the eastern North American winter based on widespread and persistent heavy precipitation, using ERA5 precipitation data from 1979 to 2020. We find 62 EPRs and analyze their synoptic-scale and thermodynamic environments. EPRs impact most of eastern North America with heavy precipitation, especially from Louisiana to Quebec, and generally last for 5–8 days. They are associated with an anomalously strong 500-hPa trough–ridge over western–eastern North America that travels slowly eastward, favoring intrusions of moist, tropical air into eastern North America, and a strong baroclinic zone from the central United States to Atlantic Canada. They are also characterized by high frequencies of cyclones in the midwestern United States, anticyclones over eastern Canada and the subtropical Atlantic, and atmospheric rivers (ARs) in eastern North America. Precipitation is maintained by large moisture influxes, primarily from the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea, from the EPR start to the time midway through the EPR period. The influxes are often associated with ARs feeding into cyclones, where the moisture falls as precipitation. We also categorize EPRs based on the spatial anomaly correlation (AC) of synoptic-scale weather patterns between individual EPRs and the EPR composite. High AC EPRs have similar but stronger 500-hPa features over North America, greater moisture flux from the Gulf of Mexico and inland precipitation over eastern North America, farther inland cyclone track, higher frequency of subtropical Atlantic anticyclones, and lower EPR-to-EPR variability than low AC EPRs.

Significance Statement

Cool-season extreme precipitation regimes (EPRs) often lead to flooding and other impacts and represent a significant forecast challenge. We define and analyze EPRs during the eastern North American winter to obtain a better understanding of their associated meteorological conditions. We also categorize EPRs into two distinct categories to capture the variability among EPRs. EPRs generally last 5–8 days and are associated with slowly moving large-scale weather patterns favoring intrusions of moist, tropical air into eastern North America, a strong temperature contrast, and frequent cyclones in the midwestern United States with anticyclones to the north and south. The intrusions of moist, tropical air are often associated with atmospheric rivers (ARs) that deposit their moisture in cyclones as precipitation.
Effects of Weather Conditions on the Public Demand for Weather Information via Smartphone in Multiple Regions of China
Authors: Cao Yuyao , Zhang Qinghong , Sun Juanzhen , Li Rumeng , Huang Yaohai , Zhuang Jing , Xu Jun , Chen Yun
Published: April 2022

Understanding when weather information is required by the public is essential for evaluating and improving user-oriented weather services. Because of the popularity of smartphones, most people can easily access weather information via smartphone applications. In this study, we analyzed usage data for the Moji Weather smartphone application in 2017 and 2018 and devised a demand index to determine how often the weather information was used by the public under different weather conditions. Using hourly observations of surface temperature, wind intensity, precipitation, and visibility, we quantified the relationship between the demand for weather information and weather conditions in different regions of China. In general, the demand index increased with increases in local hourly precipitation or surface wind intensity in all regions; however, there were notable regional differences in the increasing trends. Extreme hot weather was found to increase the demand index in Northern China, Xinjiang, and the Sichuan Basin while in Southern China it increased more in response to extreme cold weather. We quantified the relationships between the demand index and weather conditions by performing a polynomial regression analysis for each weather element and region. The high-demand thresholds were found to vary among regions, suggesting the need for customized weather services for users in different geographical regions. The study also revealed the contribution of weather warnings to weather information demand in two megacities and showed that warnings were effective for conveying information about weather-related risks.
Intraoperative Ultrasound Guided Laparoscopic Spleen-Preserving Distal Pancreatectomy for Primitive Neuroendocrine Tumors in a Pediatric Patient With MEN-1
Authors: McKay Katlyn G. , Hanna David N. , Martin Laura , Datye Karishma A. , Crane Gabriella L. , Correa Hernan , Lovvorn Harold N. , Solorzano Carmen C. , Zamora Irving J.
Published: April 2022

This case details the presentation and surgical management of a 15-year-old male patient with multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 1 (MEN1) who required distal pancreatectomy for multiple nonfunctional pancreatic tumors. An intraoperative ultrasound was utilized to allow for proper location of the distal pancreatectomy, as well as visualization of the splenic vessel relationships and to ensure all lesions were contained within the specimen. Pathology demonstrated 5 well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors with no evidence of malignancy. This case utilized innovative technology and a multidisciplinary approach in a challenging case to achieve a safe minimally invasive resection. The use of ultrasound intraoperatively provided confidence that all lesions had been identified, as well as demonstration of safe planes separate from the nearby vasculature.
Terahertz Spectroscopy Study of the Stereoisomers of Threonine
Authors: Zeng Ruonan , Bian Yujing , Zhang Xun , Zhu Zhenqi , Yang Bin
Published: April 2022

The terahertz (THz) band contains a wealth of information about vibration and rotational energy levels, most of the vibration modes between amino acid molecules are in the THz band, so it reflects many unique absorption characteristics in the THz band. The use of terahertz time-domain spectroscopy can not only effectively identify different kinds of amino acids but also distinguish various isomers of the same amino acid due to the varied vibration modes. The absorption spectra of four stereoisomers of threonine were investigated by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results show that the isomers show similarity in the infrared band, while manifest evidently the similarity between enantiomers L-threonine and D-threonine, and between L-allo-threonine and D-allo-threonine, and the difference between diastereoisomer L-threonine/D-threonine and L-allo-threonine/D-allo-threonine in the terahertz band. In order to fully understand the origin of the terahertz absorption characteristics of isomer molecules, simulation calculations were carried out in combination with density functional theory to connect the vibrational modes and molecular structures, Furthermore, the unit cell configurations of L-thr and L-allo-thr and the differences between various low-frequency vibrational modes are analyzed from the perspective of hydrogen bond configuration. By further extracting terahertz optical parameters such as refractive index and imaginary part of the dielectric constant of threonine isomers, the results show that the refractive index spectrum and dielectric loss spectrum can clearly show the response characteristics of the orientation polarization of dipole inside threonine isomers in terahertz band.