bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Individual and Combined Effects of Salinity and Nanoparticles (Al2O3, TiO2) on the Activity of Antioxidant Enzymes in Freshwater Fish (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Canli Esin Gulnaz
Published: June 2021

Salinity increase in freshwaters affects the physiology and metal uptake in fish, though there is no enough evidence on the influence of salinity on metal-oxide nanoparticle (NPs) toxicity. Therefore, the effects of salinity and NPs (Al2O3, TiO2) were tested in acute (2 days and 10 mg NPs/L) and chronic (20 days and 1 mg NP/L) exposures at different salinities (0 and 10 ppt). Following the exposures, the activities of CAT (catalase), SOD (superoxide dismutase), GPX (glutathione peroxidase), GR (glutathione reductase) and GST (glutathione S-transferase) were determined in the liver of O. niloticus. Data showed that CAT and SOD activities did not change significantly (P>0.05) in acute exposures, though their activities significantly (P<0.05) decreased in chronic exposures at both salinities. Similarly, GPX and GR activities did not respond to acute NP exposures, but their activities decreased significantly in chronic exposures. However, GST showed the opposite response in acute and chronic exposures following NP and salinity exposures. Data showed that chronic exposures were more effective than acute exposures in regard to the response of the enzymes. Data also revealed that salinity did not have a predominant effect on the antioxidant enzymes, and also did not influence NPs toxicity.
Histopathological, Haematological and Biochemical Indices of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) Parasitized by Endoparasitic Fauna in Fish Farm of the Northeastern Egypt
Authors: Radwan Mahmoud , Shehata Sabry , Abdelhadi Yasser , Mohammed Ramadan , Mohamed Mohamed , Magdy Mohammad
Published: June 2021

Knowledge of the endemic fauna of parasites in fish are of great importance, parasites could synergistically act as stressors to health of their hosts. The objectives of this study were to evaluate prevalence and effect of parasites on hematological, biochemical indices, injury of tissues and length weight relationship of Clarias, gariepinus. Water quality variables were measured and fishes were collected each seasons for examination most common parasites in infected fishes at Abbasa Fish Farm, Egypt. Results indicated that high summer water temperature was strongly associated with parasites infection. The hematological and biochemical analysis showed significant reduction in red blood cells (RBCs) count, hemoglobin (Hb) value, packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), total protein, Albumin, Globulin and A/G ratio, while total white blood cells (WBCs) count, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), aspartate aminotransferase activity (ASAT), alanine aminotransferase activity (ALAT), urea, creatinine, uric acid and glucose were significantly increased in infested catfish. On other hands, histopathological examination of infected fish indicated, organs most affected by infection of parasites. Overall the tendencies observed in data showed the parasites have a strong effect on host fish and drifts observed for all variables showed a strong seasonal decoration.
An Epidemic of Scurvy, Identified Based on Lower Extremity Swelling, in a Southern Ethiopian Prison
Authors: Amogne Wondwossen , Nimani Meskerem , Shemsedin Ishmael , Marshalo Wadu , Jima Daddi , Addissie Adamu , Fogarty John
Published: June 2021

In October 2016, we received reports of five deaths among prisoners with leg swelling of unknown etiology in southwestern Ethiopia. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the outbreak. A suspected case was defined as a prisoner with leg swelling of unknown etiology noted between May 15, 2016 and November 29, 2016. A total of 118 suspected cases were identified with unilateral or bilateral leg swelling without an identifiable cause from a total of 2,790 prisoners. Eight of the suspected cases were thoroughly examined, and seven of these suspected cases had clinical findings consistent with scurvy. Three of the clinical cases had undetectable vitamin C levels in the serum. The attack rate for the prison was 4.2% (118/2,790), and 11 deaths were identified, making the case fatality rate 9.3% (11/118). Clinical cases of scurvy had symptoms of fatigue, myalgia, arthralgia, and signs of follicular hyperkeratosis, petechiae, peripheral edema, and oral lesions. All clinical cases had severe anemia with hemoglobin < 6.0 g/dL. The diet provided by the prison excluded fruits and vegetables. Scurvy was determined to be the cause of the outbreak, and vitamin C supplementation was promptly initiated. All symptomatic prisoners improved, and no further cases were identified in a 4-week follow-up period of active surveillance.
Intermittent Preventive Treatment of Malaria in Pregnancy Coverage Estimates from Population-based Surveys: Reliability of Women's Recall Among Women with ANC Cards
Authors: Hansen Natasha , Youll Susan , Florey Lia , Taylor Cameron
Published: June 2021

Large household surveys performed to estimate coverage rates for various health interventions, including intermittent preventive treatment, depend on recall. Many studies question the validity of recalled data. Regarding vaccine coverage rates, it is standard practice to validate responses using medical history cards. To validate the coverage rates of intermittent preventive treatment during pregnancy reported by large household surveys, recalled coverage rates were compared with antenatal care card data in Benin, Ghana, Malawi, and Tanzania. The results indicated that recall was comparable to the coverage rates provided indicated by the antenatal care cards. These findings suggest that intermittent preventive treatment coverage rates reported by large household surveys performed using recalled data are valid.
Comparative Analysis of Personality and Preferences of Values of Polish Early Adolescents Learning in Integrated and Non-integrated Classes
Authors: Filipiak Sara , Łubianka Beata
Published: June 2021

The aim of the present study was to analyse the personality traits and value preferences of students from integrated and non-integrated classes. Sixty-nine primary school sixth graders were surveyed (M = 12.45; SD = .58). The group of students attending integrated classes included 38 individuals. The remaining 31 students attended non-integrated classrooms. Personality traits were measured using the Picture-Based Personality Survey for Children (PBPS-C ) and value preferences were determined on the basis of the Picture-Based Value Survey for Children (PBVS-C). The results showed that youth from the integrated classes did not differ significantly from their peers from the non-integrated classes in terms of personality traits. In case of values, students from the non-integrated classes cherished values of Universalism more than their peers from the integrated classes. Correlation analyses showed that the patterns of relations between personality traits and preferred values were partially different for the two groups. Nevertheless, a similar pattern of relations was observed in both groups between Openness to Experience and values in the categories of Self-direction and Universalism.
„Co wyraża twarz?” – rozpoznawanie ekspresji emocjonalnej twarzy przez osoby głuche i słyszące
Authors: Buluk Katarzyna , Timoszyk-Tomczak Celina
Published: June 2021

„What does the Face Express?” – Recognition of Emotional Facial Expressions in Deaf and Hearing People An analysis of emotional functioning of deaf people is important for understanding their activities in different areas of life. Emotional functioning is related to emotional intelligence, which involves emotion perception and recognition as well as emotional expressiveness. The aim of the study was to compare the ability to recognize facial emotional expression among deaf and hearing people. The present study was conducted on 80 individuals (40 deaf people and 40 hearing people). The Emotional Intelligence Scale – Faces (Matczak, Piekarska, Studniarek, 2005) and a set of photographs used by Paul Ekman in his study of basic emotions were used for the data collection. The results obtained show that deaf people differ from hearing people in recognizing facial expressions. The analysis was conducted in terms of differences in recognition of expression of basic and complex emotions. The study included variables such as the moment of hearing loss (congenital or acquired deafness) or upbringing with deaf or hearing parents.
Retailing, Private Label and Global Competition
Authors: Gnecchi Flavio
Published: June 2021

Global retailers define strategies coherent with local cultures and traditions, as also develop products centered on internationally diffused products. In this perspective, private labels become fundamental for such strategies as far as they contribute directly to store loyalty consolidation and indirectly, to retailers brand equity reinforcement. Moreover, private label products prove the retailer’s sensibility in front of local customer’s needs and preferences. As a consequence, global and local trade operators turn to local manufacturers, giving them a possibility to strengthen their corporate brand and the company itself by means of strategic alliances.
Digitalisation Advances and Hospitality Service Encounters
Authors: Montargot Nathalie
Published: June 2021

A new hospitality concept gives more autonomy to the clients and mobility to the front-line employees. The objective of this research was to observe in situ the actors, customers and receptionists, operating in renewed lobbies. The research questions focus on how customers respond to the increased expectations of self-production and the way front-line employees adapt to their new roles. The review of literature highlights the importance of the service production process, its stages and customer integration in the innovative process. A study was conducted in a 4-star pilot Parisian hotel affiliated to a major French hotel group. 490 non-participant observations, based on encounters of service were collected. The findings show the gap between the project's philosophy and the behavior of the actors on the ground. Managerial recommendations are presented.
Growth Through Metamorphosing
Authors: Gaio Loris , Rossi Alessandro , Zaninotto Enrico
Published: June 2021

One of the central concerns of the literature studying firms’ growth is the need for understanding the rationale underlying the growth process from the company perspective. The appearance of novel patterns of firms’ growth is linked to the emergence of new paradigms for the organization of industrial and manufacturing processes (that is, industrial revolution). The paper discusses evidence from a sample of fast-growing large companies taken from the Fortune 500 ranking. Results show patterns of firms’ growth more in line with traditional sectors which are fueled by scale and scope economies, and other patterns, observed more often in the case of high-tech “new economy” companies, which are instead fueled by network effects and platformization strategies. We label the latter phenomenon “metamorphosing,” a pattern of growth characterized by a constant reshaping of horizontal and vertical boundaries by the firm which aims at taking advantage of market opportunities by exploiting its keystone position in platform-based business.
Technology Resilience and the S.T.O.R.M. Factory
Authors: Pironti Marco , Pisano Paola , Papa Armando
Published: June 2021

Opportunities opened up by the Industry 4.0 paradigm are related to the acceleration of flexible and open business planning and governance mechanisms to foster the adaptability of the value chain to the rapid changes during ongoing operations by reducing gaps and controlling efforts. The constant search for a dual perspective (short- to medium/long term) and a twofold equilibrium (micro and macro vs. internal and external) is creating new challenges for sustainable business models. The Self-Tuning Open Reengineering Model (STORM) is well suited to explain the organizational behaviours of both industrial and craftsman firms in terms of the strategic and operational aspects of the smart factory paradigm.
Ouverture de ‘IR 4.0, Network Economies & Stakeholder Engagement’
Authors: Brondoni Silvio M. , Boccardelli Paolo
Published: June 2021

Global corporations operate today in conditions of highly competitive tension in a context subject to political, social and technological instability. In recent years, the Greek economic crisis of 2009 showed the new basic drivers of global capitalism (Health; Energy; Food; Communication). In global network organisation, the importance of ‘corporate network value’ emerges, and intangible corporate assets (identity, culture, information system) acquire huge importance. The advent of new technologies and the growth of AI offer significant opportunities for creating value not only at business scale but also at societal level. For the future growth of global corporations, the challenge is to conciliate the profitability imperative with a business model compatible with the objective of a sustainable development and in a logic of stakeholders’ engagement.
The Bilimsel Tartışma Odaklı Eğitimin Hemşirelik Öğrencilerinde Stigmayı Anlama ve Önleme Üzerine Etkisi
Authors: Ulutaşdemir Nilgün , KULAKAÇ Nurşen , UZUN Sevda
Published: June 2021

Bu çalışma, bilimsel tartışma odaklı eğitimin hemşirelik öğrencilerinde stigmayı anlama ve önleme düzeylerine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Yarı deneysel ön test on test kontrol gruplu çalışmanın evrenini bir devlet üniversitesinde öğrenim gören Psikiyatri Hemşireliği dersini alan 104 öğrenci oluşturmuştur. Öğrenciler müdahale (n=21) ve kontrol (n=21) olmak üzere iki gruba ayrılmıştır. Araştırmada veriler, veri toplama aracı olarak araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen soru formu ve Damgalama Ölçeği ile toplanmıştır. Kontrol grubundaki öğrencilerin damgalama eğilimi son test puanında azalma olmasına rağmen ilk test ve son test puanları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık olmadığı (p=0.765) saptanmıştır. Müdahale grubundaki öğrencilerin damgalama eğilimi son test puanında azalma olduğu ve bu azalmanın istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark oluşturduğu bulunmuştur (p<0.001). Bilimsel tartışma odaklı eğitimin hemşirelik öğrencilerinde stigmayı anlama ve önleme düzeylerine etkisinin olduğu bulunmuş olup bu uygulamanın hemşirelik eğitiminde kullanılması önerilmektedir.
The novel Social Spider Optimization Algorithm: Overview, Modifications, and Applications
Authors: Almufti Saman
Published: June 2021

The continues in real-world problems increasing  complexity motivated computer scientists and researchers to search for more-efficient problem-solving strategies. Generally  natural Inspired, Bio Inspired, Metaheuristics based on evolutionary computation and swarm intelligence algorithms have been frequently used for solving complex, real-world optimization problems because of their ability to adjust to variety of conditions. This paper present a  swarm based algorithm that is based on the cooperative behaviors between social spider, it called Social Spider Optimization (SSO) algorithm. In SSO, search agents characterize a set of spiders which together move according to a biological behavior in colony. During the past years after SSO introduction, many modifications has improved the performance of the algorithm and has been applied in several fields. In this paper, the improvements, and applications of the SSO are reviewed.
Teknologi Informasi Berbasis XBRL Dan Potensi Peningkatan Kualitas Pengungkapan
Authors: Tanjung Hendra
Published: June 2021

Various countries globally have widely used eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) technology for the financial reporting of public companies. However, studies on the sophistication of XBRL technology and its potential for improving the quality of disclosure have not been widely reviewed. This paper examines this matter with the literature review method, and conclusions are prepared based on qualitative analysis. The XBRL-based reporting system has many advantages compared to the previous reporting system, including faster data transfer, efficiency, and others. In addition, the tag system in XBRL allows users to know more details about the information conveyed. The tag system allows users to search for relevant information and easily compare with different companies. Therefore, the management practice of disclosing financial statements and financial statements is presented explicitly to users of financial statements. Thus, the sophistication of a reporting system based on information technology XBRL can increase transparency and better disclosure.
Von anderer Hand: Praktiken des Schreibens zwischen Autor und Lektor
Authors: Barner Ines
Published: June 2021

Literatur machen. Fallstudien zur Zusammenarbeit von Autor und Lektor im 20. Jahrhundert. Robert Walser / Christian Morgenstern Rainer Maria Rilke / Fritz Hünich Peter Handke / Elisabeth Borchers Marcel Beyer / Christian Döring Schreiben braucht den Rückzug – so ein Topos, der das Schreiben zum Ort der Abgeschiedenheit macht. Doch werden Texte und Bücher nicht von Autoren allein gemacht, sondern im Wechselspiel verschiedener Akteure. Mit dem Aufkommen des Lektorats um 1900 wurde die Funktion des mitschreibenden Anderen institutionalisiert. Seitdem avancierte das Lektorat zu jener Vermittlungsinstanz, die nicht nur auswählt, welche Texte zu Büchern werden, sondern qua Mitarbeit am Text vielfach formt, was wir lesen. Welches Wissen wird zwischen Autor und Lektor ausgehandelt, hergestellt und angewendet? Lässt sich ein Text so ›verbessern‹, dass er seinen eigenen Maßgaben gerecht bleibt (oder vielleicht erst wird) und zugleich den Voraussetzungen seiner künftigen Öffentlichkeit entspricht? Die Verschiebung der Aufmerksamkeit vom singulären Autor auf den »unsichtbaren Zweiten« rückt die betrieblichen Bedingungen moderner Autorschaft in den Fokus. Literarisches Schreiben wird als eine relationale, kollaborative Praxis greifbar. Zugleich eröffnet der Blick auf das Lektorieren neue Perspektiven auf literarische Werke sowie auf die zugehörigen Schreibszenen und Autorenbilder. Das Buch versammelt vier Fallstudien, die auf größtenteils erstmals rekonstruiertem Quellenmaterial beruhen. Untersucht wird die Zusammenarbeit von Robert Walser und Christian Morgenstern, von Rainer Maria Rilke und Fritz Hünich, von Peter Handke und Elisabeth Borchers sowie von Marcel Beyer und Christian Döring.
Editorial
Authors:   Universidad ESAN, Perú, Bizerra Osorio Ítalo
Published: June 2021

«Más que la civilización, la justicia es la necesidad del pueblo». Esta frase de Pietro Colletta, historiador italiano que diserta así sobre la equidad en las sociedades, es la preocupación constante de los hombres de derecho, que colaboran con la justicia desde distintos ámbitos. Nosotros, los profesores, lo hacemos desde la academia, a través de distintos medios, uno de los cuales es Giuristi: Revista de Derecho Corporativo, que amalgama investigaciones de esta rama del derecho y de aspectos clásicos de esta disciplina. El objetivo es construir un espacio para la reflexión, el análisis y la producción intelectual que contribuya al desarrollo del conocimiento de nuestros estudiantes y los estudiosos del derecho. El tercer número, elaborado con el cuidado acostumbrado, reúne una serie de artículos de actualidad que al tratar diversas problemáticas jurídicas estimulan la investigación y el debate.
Análisis jurisprudencial del Bitcóin
Authors:   Universidad ESAN, Perú, Chávez Omar Ahomed
Published: June 2021

La investigación tiene como objetivo general analizar a través de la jurisprudencia comparada la postura estatal con respecto al tratamiento y la regulación de operaciones realizadas mediante la moneda digital bitcóin; en cuanto a los objetivos específicos, estos son identificar la política pública y el marco filosófico apropiado para el uso de esta moneda criptográfica.
La responsabilidad del empleador por accidentes de trabajo y enfermedades ocupacionales: retrospectiva y futuro
Authors:   Muñiz, Ramírez, Pérez-Taiman & Olaya Abogados (Estudio Muñiz), Perú, Puntriano Rosas César
Published: June 2021

La reciente tendencia de la jurisprudencia laboral pasa por responsabilizar al empleador ante un accidente de trabajo o una enfermedad profesional. Ello infringe la teoría de la responsabilidad civil contractual, aplicable a la relación jurídica laboral, la cual exige dolo, culpa grave o, al menos, culpa leve para la generación del deber de indemnizar a cargo del empleador. En este trabajo se analiza jurídicamente cómo ha evolucionado la responsabilidad del empleador y se aborda críticamente el criterio vigente formulando algunas propuestas de cambio.
Democracia y ecología: un análisis de las condiciones de sostenibilidad en el capitalismo de alta intensidad
Authors: Rodríguez-Prieto Rafael
Published: June 2021

Las interacciones actuales y futuras entre seres humanos y sistemas naturales impactarán significativamente sobre la sociedad y el medio ambiente. Estos temas centrales precisan de ser comprendidos e investigados conectados con la sostenibilidad, desarrollando nuevas aproximaciones al modo como nos relacionamos con el entorno, el uso de la tierra, el desarrollo y la industria. Comprender la verdadera naturaleza de una sociedad sostenible con el medio ambiente es una cuestión compleja a la que los investigadores están prestando atención desde disciplinas diversas. Este artículo es crítico en un mundo en que los recursos fósiles no renovables son la principal fuente de energía en detrimento de ecosistemas naturales. La protección medioambiental debería buscar reemplazar una perspectiva estrecha por una acción democrática y políticas participativas que posibiliten un bineestar común. La sostenibilidad materialistas es una alternativa a la aproximación hegemónica ala naturaleza. Necesitamos desarrollar nuevas estrategias para producir bienes y servicios desde un punto de vista sostenible.
Elementos para el análisis del discurso político en el escenario internacional
Authors: Sánchez Leandro
Published: June 2021

A partir de considerar que el análisis interdisciplinario y crítico de las relaciones entre las estructuras y las estrategias del discurso, la cognición social, la interacción y las relaciones de la sociedad habilita al análisis del discurso a hacer aportes serios al estudio de estructuras, conflictos y problemas sociales. El objetivo de este trabajo es abordar el discurso que el ex presidente de la Nación Argentina, Néstor Kirchner, ha efectuado en distintos escenarios internacionales para determinar, dentro de los límites del corpus seleccionado, la correlación y la congruencia del mismo dentro y fuera de la región.
Ensino de zoologia no Brasil
Authors: Silva Renato Amorim da , Silva Anderson Thiago Monteiro da , Leite Neta Alzira de Lucena Correia , Neves Ricardo Ferreira das
Published: June 2021

Eventos científicos concentram significativas discussões no Ensino de Ciências e Biologia. Assim, objetivamos analisar a abordagem do Ensino de Zoologia, enfocando o Filo Cnidaria em eventos científicos. Foram verificados os anais de cinco grandes eventos (ENPEC, CONAPESC, ENEBIO, EREBIO NE e CONGREBIO), quantificados na Área da Zoologia e seu Ensino, e identificados os que envolviam Cnidários. Captamos 16.747 trabalhos, sendo 866 da Área da Zoologia e seu Ensino, e 14 contemplando os Cnidários. O ENEBIO deteve maior número relacionado ao Ensino de Zoologia, apresentando também maior quantidade de trabalhos envolvendo Cnidários. Acreditamos que mais pesquisas possam surgir futuramente a respeito desses animais, com trabalhos que possam dar maior ênfase à importância desses organismos.
Carta para além dos muros biológicos
Authors: Sales Tiago Amaral , Estevinho Lúcia de Fátima  Dinelli
Published: June 2021

Este artigo é uma cartografia que se faz a partir dos encontros entre nós, professores e pesquisadores da educação em ciências e biologia com o documentário “Carta para além dos muros” (2019), nos levando a pistas do que acreditamos serem biologias, educações, literaturas, cinemas e saúdes menores. Neste diálogo com o filme e outras produções - artísticas, acadêmicas, e... - o HIV/aids é pensado como território de vida, morte, saúde e doença que, na medida em que foi repleto de estigmas, também permite deslocamentos para pensar em outras biologias, outras educações, outras… possibilidades de se relacionar com a diferença para além de perspectivas unicamente biomédicas, contaminando subjetivamente em tentativas de rachar muros biológicos-duros, combatendo estigmas em frestas de vida.
Narrativas docentes de educação sexual em perspectivas geracionais
Authors: Machado Luisa , Sousa Nathany Pacheco , Selles Sandra Lucia Escovedo
Published: June 2021

Neste artigo, examinamos mudanças de enfoque de educação sexual que foram sendo engendradas em práticas docentes. Examinamos essas mudanças em narrativas orais de oito professores de Ciências e Biologia de quatro gerações, definidas pelo início das suas atividades profissionais (1980-2010). A análise das narrativas foi realizada em diálogo com contribuições dos estudos do currículo, dos saberes docentes e das finalidades educacionais. As práticas de educação sexual relatadas integram os saberes experienciais dos docentes em contextos sociais e pedagógicos atravessados pela mescla de finalidades educacionais e condicionantes temporais. As narrativas sugerem possibilidades de trabalhar a educação sexual, sensíveis aos riscos que a população estudantil corre em função da violência sexual, dos preconceitos de gênero e definições culturais que a exclui socialmente.
Inference from Weak Hadiths in Beliefs from Sunni Scholars
Authors: Muhammad Esmail Allaa Eddin
Published: June 2021

The Islamic creed is the most important science of Sharia, through which a person embraces and follows Islam, and if one of the pillars of the creed is missing, then the person steps out of Islam. For this reason, the scholars mentioned that the sources of the creed must be highly authenticated and certified. Therefore, the formation and extraction of Islamic creed is based on al-Quran, and on authentically documented sayings of Prophet Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. The creed science scholars and experts have declared that a doubtful and unreliable hadith is not to be taken into account in the science of creed; rather it is necessary to establish the science of creed and its sections that the hadith must be authenticated and attested without having any fault or weakness. However, scholars may not follow this general (but) important rule at all the times, as we find that in the subjects and chapters of creed they used to be lenient in deducing some doubtful and unreliable hadiths. The study comes here to explain the sources of science of creed and to discuss about the approach of the righteous predecessors in deduction and argumentation using doubtful and unreliable hadiths, and about the rules and regulations for adopting weak hadiths in the science of creed. Then the researcher mentions examples of scholars’ argumentation using the weak hadith in establishing the sections of the Islamic faith. And all praises to almighty Allah.
Poetic Structure and Arts of Prose in Modern Arabic Literature
Authors: Jahantab Zakira
Published: June 2021

Literature is a form of expression of human feelings and emotions, and it is one of the methods that a person uses to express thoughts and present his ideas with a space that he creates for himself from words, and literature is known in every language of the earth as the set of texts written by writers and poets around the world in the language, and the arts of literature differ in all languages; Some writers express his thoughts and feelings in poetry, and some express it in prose, and prose has types as well, and this diversity of art is based on the tools and on his own literary tendencies that each writer possesses, and literature in the modern era in the Arab world has taken a new turn with the recognization of new Arab literary arts to literature, these arts were not known before or prevalent among Arab writers. Theatrical prose and poetic art recognized for the first time in the entire history of Arab literature. The Studies of Criticism have developed in the modern era and critics discovered other worlds in the Arabic literary text and monitored the developments of the literary text through the ages and explained the linguistic and semantic lexicon in every literary text. These studies have given criticism additional areas and new critical theories that were not known and circulated in previous literary eras, and this article will highlight on literature in the modern era with its various arts.
Fatwa Qualification between Individual Training and Institutional Formation; An Applied Theory Study
Authors: Elshal Amr Abdelhamid , Elattar Omair Sabry
Published: June 2021

The Mufti remains the cornerstone of the entire fatwa process; wherein he shall bear the burden and responsibility of carrying out this grave and great task; where, in fact, it is to inform about God's will and provisions and to sign on Him. Because the scholars are aware of the seriousness and importance of the fatwa position, they have set a set of conditions and qualities that should be fulfilled by those who take the lead in this great task and grave responsibility. It deals with the process of scientific qualification and knowledge building for the issuer of the fatwa according to two levels;level of self and individual formation, and the level of institutions, bodies and fatwa centers: which are responsible for carrying out the task of preparation and rehabilitation according to an intertwined reality and a great scientific and cognitive development. We have taken into account in this research a proposal for an applied practical plan that the institutions and scientific bodies concerned with the fatwa and its affairs can be guided by and apply so that the desired fruit will be obtained, which is the formation of that modern mufti who is aware of the importance of the world in his time.
COVID-19 PANDEMİSİNİN ULUSLARARASI SERMAYE HAREKETLİLİĞİ ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ: TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: GÜNEY Nermin , HOPOĞLU Sertaç
Published: June 2021

Ekonomik büyüme ve kalkınmada geri kalmış ve gelişmekte olan ülkelerin temel sorunlarının bilgi eksikliği, teknoloji yetersizliği ve sermaye eksikliği olduğu ve bu sorunların ülkeleri dış finansmana yönlendirdiği bilinmektedir. Reel sektörü hammadde, enerji ve sermaye mallarında dışa bağımlı ülkelerde faaliyet gösteren yabancı şirketler yatırım yaptıkları ülkelerde istihdam artışına ve ekonominin büyümesine katkı sağlamaktadırlar. Yabancı sermaye ülkeye Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırımlar ve Portföy Yatırımları olarak giriş yapabilmektedir. Yüksek faiz oranlarına sahip ülkeler arasında ilk sıralarda yer alan Türkiye’nin özellikle kısa vadeli portföy yatırımları tarafından tercih edilmesi risk oluşturmaktadır. Sıcak para olarak nitelenen portföy yatırımlarının ani çıkış ve girişleri krize neden olabilmektedir. COVID-19, Dünya Sağlık Örgütü tarafından 11 Mart 2020 ‘de pandemi olarak ilan edilmiş olup, insan yaşamının tüm boyutları üzerinde etkili olmaktadır. Pandeminin tüm dünya ülkelerinde kısa sürede yayılması hem sağlıkta hem ekonomide küresel ölçekte önlemler alınmasını gerektirmiştir. Bu çalışmada uluslararası sermaye giriş-çıkışlarının pandemi sürecinde Türkiye’de yarattığı olumlu ve olumsuz etkiler analiz edilerek, Türkiye ekonomisini genel olarak nasıl etkilediği araştırılmış ve COVID-19’un ortaya çıkardığı koşulların bir ani duruş krizine yol açıp açmadığı teorik olarak tartışılmıştır.
NAUČNO MIŠLjENjE I UMETNIKOVA IDEJA
Authors: Lazarevic Nemanja
Published: June 2021

Through the analysis of parts – from font to audio recordings, the paper tries to
point out those important elements from which Dušan Matić, a poet, constructed
his works, but which were sufficiently stimulating for authors who dealt with certain
possibilities of a multimedia digital book.
Balancing Water Demands and Increasing Climate Resilience: Establishing a Baseline Water Risk Assessment Model in Ethiopia
Authors: Adane Zablon , Yohannes Tinebeb , Swedenborg Eliza
Published: June 2021

Water is essential to sustainable economic growth and climate change adaptation. Ethiopia’s growth and development are vulnerable to water security risks. Despite being known as the “water tower of Africa,” Ethiopia is naturally exposed to highly variable rainfall. Climate change and economic growth across sectors are increasing competing water demands. Recognizing these challenges, the Government of Ethiopia has identified balancing water demands and improving climate resilience as national priorities. Managing water risks requires decision-relevant water risk information. Water managers need to understand hydrological cycles and water use across society to ensure secure and sustainable water availability across sectors. Decision-makers in other sectors also need to understand their exposure to water risks to reduce their vulnerability. However, in Ethiopia, the data required to understand water risks are often lacking or outdated, and the modeling required to assess risks can be complex and resource intensive. This technical note describes the data and methodological approaches used to develop the baseline water risk model, presenting the results at a subbasin level. WRI developed new geospatially-explicit water withdrawal and consumption estimates for irrigation, livestock, domestic, and industry water use in Ethiopia, representing a 2015 baseline. We also extracted 36 years of remotely-sensed data to generate subbasin-level renewable water resources estimates.
Analisis Perbandingan Algoritma ID3 dan KNN Pada Klasifikasi Emosi Teks Berita Berbahasa Indonesia
Authors: Insan Pramudya , Kusrini
Published: June 2021

Penggunaan algoritma pada pembuktian proses klasifikasi berbasis teks atau text mining sangat jarang dilakukan perbandingan khususnya untuk sebuah klasifikasi emosi. Banyak yang melakukan penelitian dalam klasifikasi tanpa unsur perbandingan didalamnya serta tidak terdapat penggunaan sistem yang dibangun secara mandiri. Pada penelitian ini perbandingan dilakukan untuk mengukur kemampuan algoritma dalam perolehan tingkat akurasi pada proses klasifikasi menggunana ID3 dan KNN. Data yang digunakan sebanyak 220 data berbasis teks berita yang diambil pada sistus warta media online yaitu viva.co.id, proses pelatihan data dilakukan dengan perbedaan proses pembobotan pada masing-masing algoritma yaitu dengan term weighting tf-idf untuk ID3 sedangkan KNN dengan similarity dan vector space model. Klasifikasi yang dilakukan untuk memperoleh data berkategori emosi dengan hasil akurasi yang didapatkan dari klasifikasi testing dengan data perbandingan yang beragam didapatkan akurasi paling tinggi yaitu 71.25 yaitu dengan perbandingan data latih dengan data uji 75%- 25%. Demikian penggunaan algoritma ID3 lebih baik dalam pengklasifikasian emosi berbahasa Indonesia dimana sebuah metode yang sangat efisien dalam pengelompokkan data berdasarkan kategori baik secara manual ataupun sistem.
Rancang Bangun Aplikasi Administrasi Perbaikan Kendaraan Pada Vehicle Operation Management Berbasis Web di PT Altrak 1978 Samarinda
Authors: Anwar Renaldi , Fahrullah  , Mirwansyah Dedi
Published: June 2021

PT ALTRAK 1978 Samarinda is a large branch that has several departments, including HR&GA, FA, Marketing, Part, Rebuild Center, Service and VOM (Vehicle Operation Management). The task of VOM is to maintain, repair and manage all operational vehicle assets owned by PT. ALTRAK 1978 at 10 Depos in the Kalimantan area, and one of the tasks of VOM is to create reports for all processes carried out at VOM and everything related to company operational vehicles, but many reports are made that require data from vehicle repairs such as operational vehicle repair history . When retrieving data from the repair history, we always experience difficulties because the data is incomplete and not integrated between several parts at PT. ALTRAK 1978 Samarinda and until now, if there are complaints about damage to operational vehicles, vehicle users still experience problems when they want to report damage to these vehicles because there is no administration system in every vehicle repair administration process. The formulation of the problem is how to make it easier for VOM to report vehicle repairs with a data source or repair history that can be seen and retrieved easily by several parties involved in the vehicle repair administration process with the aim of making it easier for VOM and vehicle users to receive and report vehicle damage quickly and in an integrated manner. each other between several departments.
Pragmatic Analysis of Textbooks on the Basis of Speech Acts
Authors: Asghar Samina Ali , Yasmin Tayyabba , Rashid Aniqa
Published: June 2021

This study investigatesfive speech acts of declaratives ,expressives, representatives, directives and commisives in three English textbooks at the level of III, IV and V published by Punjab Text Book Board Lahore in order to show whether theyareappropriate on pragmatic level for EFL learners or not. The results of the study reveal that thedistribution of all the speech acts is not equal both within each textbook andamong textbooks at all three levels. Among five speech acts, representative speech act occursthe most frequently in all textbooks while commissiveis the least used speech act. None of the books uses any speech act of declarative. This study implies that EFL teachers and materials designers shouldconsider pragmaticaspectsto improve the quality of both learning and instruction.
PERIPAPILLARY RETINAL NERVE FIBER ALTERATIONS IN HEART FAILURE WITH REDUCED EJECTION FRACTION
Authors: Bulut Muhammed Nurullah , Evlice Mert
Published: June 2021

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) on retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness.

Methodology: The study included patients who were being followed at Kartal Kosuyolu High Speciality Training and Research Hospital for HFrEF and were referred to the Eye Clinic of the Dr. Lütfi Kırdar Kartal Training and Research Hospital,  Istanbul, Turkey between 2017-2019. Study participants were divided into two groups, one comprising HFrEF patients and a control group of patients without HF. Each patient underwent a routine ophthalmologic examination including best corrected visual acuity evaluation, intraocular pressure measurement, slit-lamp biomicroscopy and fundus examination. The RNFL of each patient was measured using spectral domain OCT.

Results: A total of eyes of 37 HFrEF patients and 38 controls were evaluated. Superior RNFL thickness was 113.71±17.08 μm in the HFrEF group and 126.22 ± 13.68 μm in the control group (p=0.001). Inferior RNFL thickness was 117.88 ± 14.5 μm in the HFrEF group and 131.69 ± 12.93 μm in the control group (p<0.001). Average RNFL thickness in the HFrEF and control groups was 92.32 ± 10.22 μm and 103.31 ± 8.14 μm, respectively. There were significant differences between the study groups in all five parameters.

Conclusion: In this study, RNLF thinning occurs in HFrEF compared to the control group that may be useful for demonstrate tissue perfusion deficiency in HFrEF.
THE EFFECT OF ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING AND DEPRESSION SYMPTOM LEVEL ON SLEEP QUALITY IN THE ELDERLY WITH HEART FAILURE
Authors: Avcı Abdullah , GÜN Meral
Published: June 2021

Objective: To determine the effect of activities of daily living and depression symptom level on sleep quality in the elderly with heart failure.

Methodology: In this descriptive study the sample consisted of 95 patients presented to the cardiology outpatient clinic of a university hospital due to heart failure and who met the inclusion criteria of the study. The research data wss collected using the Personal Information Form, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Katz Index-Activities of Daily Living and the Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Form.

Results: It was found that the sleep quality of all patients who participated in the study was low (9.98 ± 2.74). The mean depression symptom level score of the patients was high (7.58 ± 3.58), and that sleep quality decreased as the depression symptom level score increased (p<0.05). There was no relationship between the total activities of daily living score and the total sleep quality score, and that the sleep quality of the dependent patients in the washing and transfer dimensions, which are the sub-dimensions of activities of daily living, were lower than that of the independent ones. Also, it was found that as the level of dependence increased in the daily living activities increased, the level of depression symptoms increased too.

Conclusions: The study revealed that elderly patients with heart failure experienced significant sleep problems and that their sleep quality decreased as the depression symptom levels increased.
ARRHYTHMIAS IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME
Authors: Bhatti Usman , Khan Kamran Ahmed , Khan Muhammd Nauman , Soomro Najia Aslam , Naseeb Khalid , Ahmed Shahid , Ashraf Tariq , Moazzam Ali , Bashir Sonia , Karim Musa
Published: June 2021

Objective: To determine the frequency of arrhythmias in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in a tertiary care hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.

Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted at cardiology department of a tertiary care hospital of Karachi, Pakistan. A total of 189 consecutive patients of either gender presented with ACS during six months of study period were included. Continuous cardiac monitoring (telemetry) was done to record any arrhythmia within 24 hours of onset of symptoms.

Results: 189 patients with ACS were included, 152 patients (80.4%) were males with the mean age of 48.23 ± 6.717 years. This included 95 patients (50.3%) with unstable angina, 36 patients (19.1%) with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), and 58 patients (30.7%) with Non-STEMI. Arrhythmias were seen in 39 patients (20.6%), most commonly observed type of arrhythmia was premature ventricular contractions (12), atrial fibrillation (nine), ventricular tachycardia (seven), and ventricular fibrillation (five).

Conclusion: Arrhythmias were reported in 39 patients from the total, accounting for 20.63% of the entire population. The incidence of cardiac arrhythmia was more in the age group 40-60 years and male population.
COMPARISON OF ANXIETY LEVEL, BLOOD PRESSURE AND PULSE PARAMETERS OF PATIENTS WITH AND WITHOUT CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY EXPERIENCE: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Altınbaş Yasemin , Ister Emine Derya Derya
Published: June 2021

Objective: The study aimed to compare state and trait anxiety, blood pressure, and heart rate of patients with and without coronary angiography experience who undergo coronary angiography intervention.

Methodology: This study is cross-sectional comparative research. A total of 160 patients, including 80 patients undergo for the first time coronary angiography and 80 patients with at least one experience of coronary angiography were included in the sample of the study. In the study, data were collected using 'Patient Information Form' and 'State-Trait Anxiety Inventory', blood pressure measurement device, and pulse oximeter.

Results: The mean of state anxiety scores of the patients with and without CA experience were 39.35±5.31 and 39.98±4.04, respectively; (p=0.395). The mean of trait anxiety scores of the patients with and without CA experience were 44.73±6.84 and 44.51±6.05, respectively (p=0.826).  There was no statistically significant difference observed in state and trait anxiety between two groups. Before the CA procedure, the systolic and diastolic blood pressure average of the patients with CA experience were statistically higher than those without CA experience (p<0.05).

Conclusion: The anxiety levels of the patients before the CA were observed to be similar and moderate, regardless of their CA experience. It was observed that patients with CA experience before CA procedure had higher systolic and diastolic blood pressures compared to the group without experience.
ASSOCIATION OF HYPERURICEMIA WITH THE PRESENCE AND SEVERITY OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY
Authors: Akhtar Ammar , Zaffar Muhammad Zubair , Minhas Rashid , Saeed Hadi Yousuf , Niazi Gul Zaman Khan
Published: June 2021

Objectives: To determine the association of hyperuricemia with the presence and severity of coronary artery disease in patients undergoing coronary angiography.

Methodology: This case control study was carried out in the Department of Cardiology, Chaudhary Pervaiz Elahi Institute of Cardiology, Multan for six months. Total number of 292  patients (146 cases with coronary artery disease and 146 controls with normal coronary arteries) having age 40-60 years of both genders were included in this study. Coronary angiography was performed using standard angiographic techniques. After undergoing coronary angiography, patients with 50% luminal stenosis or more in any one of the coronary arteries were labeled case group. Patients with normal coronaries or less than 50% luminal stenosis in any one of the coronary vessels were taken as control group. Serum uric acid was advised and value was noted along with the basic demographic data and established risk factors of coronary artery disease.

Results: Mean age was 50.79±6.08 years. Mean serum uric acid was 7.54±3.60 mg/dl. Hyperuricemia was diagnosed in 94 (64.40%) patients with significant CAD (case group) and in only 59 (40.40%) in control group. The odds ratio was 2.66 (95% CI 1.66 to 7.28) with p-value of <0.001. Triple vessel disease was diagnosed in 66.7% patients with hyperuricemia and in only 33.3% patients without hyperuricemia [OR 4.0 (2.09-7.64), p-value <0.001].

Conclusion: There is a significant association between the presence and severity of coronary artery disease with hyperuricemia.