bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of pulmonary deposition of nebulized 99mtechnetium‐diethylenetriamine‐pentaacetic acid through 3 inhalation devices in healthy dogs
Authors: Carranza Valencia Alejandra , Hirt Reinhard , Kampner Doris , Hiebl Andreas , Tichy Alexander , Rüthemann Peter , Pagitz Maximilian
Published: February 2021

Background

Inhalation treatment frequently is used in dogs and cats with chronic respiratory disease. Little is known however about the performance of delivery devices and the distribution of aerosolized drugs in the lower airways.

Objective

To assess the performance of 3 delivery devices and the impact of variable durations of inhalation on the pulmonary and extrapulmonary deposition of nebulized 99mtechnetium‐diethylenetriamine‐pentaacetic acid (99mTc‐DTPA).

Animals

Ten university‐owned healthy Beagle dogs.

Methods

Prospective crossover study. Dogs inhaled the radiopharmaceutical for 5 minutes either through the Aerodawg spacer with a custom‐made nose‐muzzle mask, the Aerochamber spacer with the same mask, or the Aerodawg spacer with its original nose mask. In addition, dogs inhaled for 1 and 3 minutes through the second device. Images were obtained by 2‐dimensional planar scintigraphy. Radiopharmaceutical uptake was calculated as an absolute value and as a fraction of the registered dose in the whole body.

Results

Mean (±SD) lung deposition for the 3 devices was 9.2% (±5.0), 11.4% (±4.9), and 9.3% (±4.6), respectively. Differences were not statistically significant. Uptake in pulmonary and extrapulmonary tissues was significantly lower after 1‐minute nebulization, but the mean pulmonary/extrapulmonary deposition ratio (0.38 ± 0.27) was significantly higher than after 5‐minute nebulization (0.16 ± 0.1; P = .03). No significant differences were detected after 3‐ and 5‐minute nebulization.

Conclusion and Clinical Importance

The performance of a pediatric spacer with a custom‐made mask is comparable to that of a veterinary device. One‐minute nebulization provides lower pulmonary uptake but achieves a better pulmonary/extrapulmonary deposition ratio than does 5‐minute nebulization.
Prostatic leiomyosarcoma in a dog treated using a multimodal approach
Authors: Trovatelli Marco , Bassi Jessica , Giudice Chiara , Ferrari Roberta , Longo Maurizio , Brizzola Stefano
Published: February 2021

Prostatic leiomyosarcoma is an uncommon tumor encountered in male dogs, with only 2 cases reported in the veterinary literature with no follow‐up described. A 12‐year‐old male intact German Wirehaired Pointer presented for evaluation of straining to defecate and urinate. Whole body computed tomography (CT) examination identified a spherical multicavitary expansile mass arising from the prostate gland and severely obliterating the pelvic canal. Partial subcapsular prostatectomy was performed, and histological and immunohistochemical results were consistent with prostatic leiomyosarcoma. Metronomic cyclophosphamide and nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs were administered as adjuvant chemotherapy. Follow‐up CT 10 months later indicated no signs of recurrence or metastasis. To the best of our knowledge, this patient represents the first report of successful multidisciplinary treatment consisting of partial subcapsular prostatectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy for prostatic leiomyosarcoma in a dog. After 15 months of follow‐up, the patient remained recurrence‐free without metastasis.
Genome‐wide ancestry and introgression in a Zambian baboon hybrid zone
Authors: Chiou Kenneth L. , Bergey Christina M. , Burrell Andrew S. , Disotell Todd R. , Rogers Jeffrey , Jolly Clifford J. , Phillips‐Conroy Jane E.
Published: February 2021

Hybridization in nature offers unique insights into the process of natural selection in incipient species and their hybrids. In order to evaluate the patterns and targets of selection, we examine a recently discovered baboon hybrid zone in the Kafue River Valley of Zambia, where Kinda baboons (Papio kindae) and grey‐footed chacma baboons (P. ursinus griseipes) coexist with hybridization. We genotyped baboons at 14,962 variable genome‐wide autosomal markers using double‐digest RADseq. We compared ancestry patterns from this genome‐wide data set to previously reported ancestry from mitochondrial‐DNA and Y‐chromosome sources. We also fit a Bayesian genomic cline model to scan for genes with extreme patterns of introgression. We show that the Kinda baboon Y chromosome has penetrated the species boundary to a greater extent than either mitochondrial DNA or the autosomal chromosomes. We also find evidence for overall restricted introgression in the JAK/STAT signalling pathway. Echoing results in other species including humans, we find evidence for enhanced and/or directional introgression of immune‐related genes or pathways including the toll‐like receptor pathway, the blood coagulation pathway, and the LY96 gene. Finally we show enhanced introgression and excess chacma baboon ancestry in the sperm tail gene ODF2. Together, our results elucidate the dynamics of introgressive hybridization in a primate system while identifying genes and pathways possibly under selection.
Nurses' perspectives on alternative communication strategies use in critical care units
Authors: Johnson Ensa , Heyns Tanya , Nilsson Stefan
Published: February 2021

Background

Critically ill patients have the right to communicate and participate in their treatment to avoid adverse medical outcomes due to the severity of their illness, their responsiveness, and level of consciousness. This human right has often been neglected by health care professionals, as a result of limited alternative communication support provided to patients who are unable to speak due to, for example, endotracheal intubation. Despite the successful use of alternative communication strategies in critical care units (CCUs) in other countries, limited implementation in South African hospitals has been reported.

Aims and objectives

This study aimed to determine the perspectives of South African nurses working in CCUs on the frequency of use of alternative communication strategies to support patient‐centred communication with critically ill adult patients.

Design

The study followed a quantitative non‐experimental survey research design.

Methods

A total of 210 nurses working in both private and public hospitals completed a survey on their perspectives on the use of alternative communication strategies in CCUs.

Results

Nurse participants reported experience working with critically ill and communication‐vulnerable patients. Nurse–patient communication mainly involved the use of pen and paper, facial expressions and gestures to obtain information relating to patients' needs and their health history. Limited use of speech‐generating communication devices was reported.

Conclusion

Nurse training on the use and implementation of alternative communication strategies, such as communication boards or electronic speech‐generating devices, should be investigated to improve nurses' communication with communication‐vulnerable patients in South Africa.

Relevance to clinical practice

The results are applicable in clinical practice due to patients' need for alternative communication. The nurses mainly used low‐tech solutions, which are cheap and easy to access. However, there exists an opportunity to increase the use of available digital solutions.
Is it possible to influence ability, willingness and understanding among nursing home care staff to implement nutritional guidelines? A comparison of a facilitated and an educational strategy
Authors: Törmä Johanna , Pingel Ronnie , Cederholm Tommy , Saletti Anja , Winblad Ulrika
Published: February 2021

Background

Translating nutrition knowledge into care practice is challenging since multiple factors can affect the implementation process. This study examined the impact of two implementation strategies, that is external facilitation (EF) and educational outreach visits (EOVs), on the organisational context and individual factors when implementing nutritional guidelines in a nursing home (NH) setting.

Methods

The EF strategy was a one‐year, multifaceted (including support, guidance, a practice audit and feedback) intervention given to four NH units. The EOV strategy was a three‐hour lecture about the nutritional guidelines given to four other NH units. Both strategies were directed at selected NH teams, consisting of a unit manager, a nurse and 5–10 care staff. A questionnaire was distributed, before and after the interventions, to evaluate the prerequisites for the staff to use the guidelines. Three conditions were used to examine the organisational context and the individual factors: the staff's ability and willingness to implement the nutritional guidelines and their understanding of them. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation models were used for the data analysis.

Results

The results indicated that on average, there was a significant increase in the staff's ability to implement the nutritional guidelines in the EF group. The staff exposed to the EF strategy experienced better resources to implement the guidelines in terms of time, tools and support from leadership and a clearer assignment of responsibility regarding nutrition procedures. There was no change in staff's willingness and understanding of the guidelines in the EF group. On average, no significant changes were observed for the staff's ability, willingness or understanding in the EOV group.

Conclusions

A long‐term, active and flexible implementation strategy (i.e. EF) affected the care staff's ability to implement the nutritional guidelines in an NH setting. No such impact was observed for the more passive, educational approach (i.e. EOV).
Common Peroneal Nerve Palsy Due to Giant Fabella After Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Shen Ke , Bai Pengcheng , Sun Ran , Liu Lei , Wang Fei , Chen Baicheng , Wang Xiaofeng
Published: February 2021

Background

Common peroneal nerve palsy (CPNP) is a rare but serious complication following primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The common peroneal nerve is one of the main molecules of the sciatic nerve. CPNP is a series of symptoms caused by common peroneal nerve injury due to paralysis and atrophy of the fibula and tibia muscles. The main clinical symptoms are: ankle joint unable to extend back, toe unable to extend back, foot droop, walking in a steppage gait, and foot dorsal skin sensation having decreased or disappeared. If treatment is not timely, severe cases may result in atrophy of the anterior tibia and lateral calf muscles. The risk factors for CPNP include mechanical stretching of the nerve, disruption of the blood supply to the nerve, and compression of the nerve. The CPNP should be treated in a timely manner and according to the cause. Its function should be restored as soon as possible to avoid serious adverse consequences. It has negative effects on patients’ life and physical and mental health. To our knowledge, this is the first study to describe CPNP due to a giant fabella after TKA.

Case presentation

The present study reported on a 70‐year‐old female patient. The patient underwent a primary TKA of the right knee for osteoarthritis. Relevant examinations were conducted and the operation went smoothly. Three hours postoperation, a right partial CPNP was observed, with progressive aggravation over time. On palpation, there was a 2 × 2‐cm fixed hard mass in the posterolateral aspect of the right knee, with mild tenderness to deep palpation. Radiographs demonstrated that a giant fabella was located at the posterolateral condyle of the right femur. Fabellectomy and neurolysis of the common peroneal nerve were performed. The peroneal nerve palsy resolved gradually after the operation. At 8‐month follow up after fabellectomy and neurolysis, the function of the common peroneal nerve had fully recovered.

Conclusions

The presence of giant feballa pressing on the common peroneal nerve should be considered when common peroneal nerve palsy occurs after TKA. Surgical exploration and release compression should be performed in a timely manner.
Estimating Event-Rates from Unreliable Historical Records
Authors: Rougier Jonathan
Published: February 2021

It is natural, when contemplating an historical record of events, to base a simple estimator of the event-rate on that recent part of the record where the recording probability is thought to be effectively 1. After all, this avoids the downward bias which would be incurred by ‘overshooting’ into a time where the recording probability was less than 1. However, there is a trade-off, because overshooting also decreases the variance of the event-rate estimator. In fact, it is always beneficial to overshoot, measured in terms of the risk of the estimator. Perhaps surprisingly, the beneficial overshoot can often be large. This paper provides these theoretical results, along with some illustrations.
Nonparametric Density Estimation Over Complicated Domains
Authors: Ferraccioli Federico , Arnone Eleonora , Finos Livio , Ramsay James O. , Sangalli Laura M.
Published: February 2021

We propose a nonparametric method for density estimation over (possibly complicated) spatial domains. The method combines a likelihood approach with a regularization based on a differential operator. We demonstrate the good inferential properties of the method. Moreover, we develop an estimation procedure based on advanced numerical techniques, and in particular making use of finite elements. This ensures high computational efficiency and enables great flexibility. The proposed method efficiently deals with data scattered over regions having complicated shapes, featuring complex boundaries, sharp concavities or holes. Moreover, it captures very well complicated signals having multiple modes with different directions and intensities of anisotropy. We show the comparative advantages of the proposed approach over state of the art methods, in simulation studies and in an application to the study of criminality in the city of Portland, Oregon.
Optimizing the scientific study of suicide with open and transparent research practices
Authors: Carpenter Thomas P. , Law Keyne C.
Published: February 2021

Suicide research is vitally important, yet—like psychology research more broadly—faces methodological challenges. In recent years, researchers have raised concerns about standard practices in psychological research, concerns that apply to suicide research and raise questions about its robustness and validity. In the present paper, we review these concerns and the corresponding solutions put forth by the “open science” community. These include using open science platforms, pre‐registering studies, ensuring reproducible analyses, using high‐powered studies, ensuring open access to research materials and products, and conducting replication studies. We build upon existing guides, address specific obstacles faced by suicide researchers, and offer a clear set of recommended practices for suicide researchers. In particular, we consider challenges that suicide researchers may face in seeking to adopt “open science” practices (e.g., prioritizing large samples) and suggest possible strategies that the field may use in order to ensure robust and transparent research, despite these challenges.
Contemporary methods in delayed discounting: Applications for suicidology with simulation
Authors: Gilroy Shawn P. , Tucker Raymond P. , Bauer Brian W. , Patros Connor H. G.
Published: February 2021

Objective

To present an approach for integrating recently developed methods in behavioral economics into suicidology research. At present, existing applications of delay discounting in suicidology have focused predominantly on hypothetical choices related to monetary value as a proxy to “risky” choices linked to unsafe or suicidal behavior. In this report, we outline a more targeted approach that directly indexes choices related to treatment in suicide prevention initiatives and incorporates the strengths afforded by multi‐level modeling. This more targeted approach precludes the need for multi‐step comparisons (improving power), avoids compressing choice variability across delays into individual values (improving precision), and better accommodates decision‐making at the upper and lower extremes (improving reliability).

Method

We present this analytical approach within the context of a Hypothetical Firearm Decision‐making Task with simulated participants. A simulated study is provided to illustrate how this approach can be used to evaluate how individuals make temporally delayed decisions related to treatment for suicidal behavior (i.e., temporarily limiting their access to firearms while undergoing treatment).

Results and Conclusions

The results of this simulated study are provided to illustrate how more advanced behavioral decision‐making models can be used to supplement existing research methods in suicidology.
Considerations in the assessment of help‐seeking and mental health service use in suicide prevention research
Authors: Hom Melanie A. , Stanley Ian H.
Published: February 2021

Objective

The connection of individuals at elevated suicide risk to mental healthcare services represents a critical component of suicide prevention efforts. This article provides recommendations for enhancing the assessment of help‐seeking and mental health service use within the context of suicide prevention research.

Method

We discuss evidence‐based and theoretical rationale for improving current approaches to assessing help‐seeking and mental health service use among at‐risk individuals.

Results

Recommendations are offered within three domains: (a) consideration of the spectrum of connection to care, (b) assessment of the degree to which mental healthcare services seek to and effectively target suicidal symptoms, and (c) evaluation of the sources and types of treatment and care sought and received by at‐risk individuals.

Conclusions

To further our understanding of how to bolster connection to care and improve experiences with mental healthcare services among individuals at elevated suicide risk, it is imperative that stakeholders precisely capture the degree, efficacy/effectiveness, and nature of care sought and received by individuals. In so doing, research gaps might be better identified and, ultimately, mental healthcare services might be better leveraged as tools to prevent suicide and support individuals in creating lives they perceive to be worth living.
Developing latent constructs of dialogic interaction to examine the epistemic climate: Rasch modeling
Authors: Bae Yejun , Fulmer Gavin W. , Hand Brian M.
Published: February 2021

This study investigates two latent constructs (Engagement and Value) of dialogic interaction to examine the epistemic climate. Since the new reform movement emphasizes creating generative learning environments, it is important to examine whether a classroom promotes students’ knowledge generation or limit students’ epistemic growth through rote memorization. At this point, it is inevitable to focus on dialogic interaction (one of the epistemic practices), because how students engage with and view dialogic interaction provides meaningful information about the epistemic climate. By employing Rasch modeling, this study tested a statistical validity of two latent constructs of dialogic interaction. The findings in this study highlight that the two latent constructs are theoretically and statistically valid and can be used to gauge the epistemic climate through students’ engagement with and value of dialogic interaction. While understanding the epistemic climate cannot solely occur through a single perspective, this study plays a significant role in adding a valid instrument. Such instruments help researchers comprehend the epistemic features of learning environments and provide a practical way to reflect students' lived experiences to learn about the overall atmosphere of the learning environment.
Characterization of the novel HLA‐B*56:76 allele by sequencing‐based typing
Authors: Blandin Lucie , Visentin Jonathan , Guidicelli Gwendaline , Rouzaire Paul , Lemal Richard
Published: February 2021

HLA‐B*56:76 differs from HLA‐B*56:01:01:03 by a single nucleotide change at position 205 in exon 2.
Identification of HLA‐DPB1*1104:01 by next‐generation sequencing in a Chinese individual
Authors: Gao Su‐Qing , Zhong Yan‐Ping , He Liu‐Mei , Yuan Yong‐Mei , Deng Zhi‐Hui
Published: February 2021

HLA‐DPB1*1104:01 differs from HLA‐DPB1*540:01 by a single nucleotide change in exon 2.
Validation of oral brushing as a non‐invasive technique for the identification of feline oral squamous cell carcinoma by DNA methylation and TP53 mutation analysis
Authors: Renzi Andrea , Morandi Luca , Bellei Emma , Marconato Laura , Rigillo Antonella , Aralla Marina , Lenzi Jacopo , Bettini Giuliano , Tinto Debora , Sabattini Silvia
Published: February 2021

Feline oral squamous cell carcinoma (FOSCC) is a frequent and progressively invasive tumour. Early lesions are difficult to recognize based on the sole clinical examination and may be misinterpreted as non‐neoplastic. Mutations of TP53 and epigenetic alterations of specific genes are present in FOSCC and may be early detected. Aim of this prospective study was to investigate the DNA methylation pattern of a 17‐gene panel and TP53 mutational status of FOSCC cytological samples obtained by oral brushing. Results were compared with a control group, in order to validate this non‐invasive procedure for the screening of FOSCC. In FOSCC, the same analyses were carried out on the corresponding histological sample, if available. Thirty‐five FOSCC and 60 controls were included. Mutations of TP53 were detected in 17 FOSCC brushings (48%) and in none of the controls (P < .001). Six genes (ZAP70, FLI1, MiR124‐1, KIF1A, MAGEC2 and MiR363) were differentially methylated in FOSCC and were included in a methylation score. An algorithm based on TP53 mutational status and methylation score allowed to differentiate FOSCC from controls with a 69% sensitivity and a 97% specificity (accuracy, 86%). In 19 FOSCC histological samples, TP53 mutational status was fully concordant with brushings and a positive methylation score was observed in all cases. These results are promising for the identification of FOSCC by oral brushing, although some factors may limit the accuracy of this technique and further studies are required to assess its reproducibility in clinical practice.
Visualizing the Flow Patterns in an Expanding and Contracting Pulmonary Alveolated Duct Based on Microcomputed Tomography Images
Authors: Sera Toshihiro , Kamiya Naoki , Fukushima Taichi , Tanaka Gaku
Published: February 2021

We visualized the flow patterns in an alveolated duct model with breathing-like expanding and contracting wall motions using particle image velocimetry, and then, we investigated the effect of acinar deformation on the flow patterns. We reconstructed a compliant, scaled-up model of an alveolated duct from synchrotron microcomputed tomography images of a mammalian lung. The alveolated duct did not include any bifurcation, and its entire surface was covered with alveoli. We embedded the alveolated duct in a sealed container that was filled with fluid. We oscillated the fluid in the duct and container simultaneously and independently to control the flow and duct volume. We examined the flow patterns in alveoli, with the Reynolds number (Re) at 0.03 or 0.22 and the acinar volume change at 0%, 20%, or 80%. At the same Re, the heterogeneous deformation induced different inspiration and expiration flow patterns, and the recirculating regions in alveoli changed during respiratory cycle. During a larger acinar deformation at Re = 0.03, the flow patterns tended to change from recirculating flow to radial flow during inspiration and vice versa during expiration. Additionally, the alveolar geometric characteristics, particularly the angle between the alveolar duct and mouth, affected these differences in flow patterns. At Re = 0.22, recirculating flow patterns tended to form during inspiration and expiration, regardless of the magnitude of the acinar deformation. Our in vitro experiments suggest that the alveolated flows with nonself-similar and heterogeneous wall motions may promote particle mixing and deposition.
Binder Jetting Additive Manufacturing: Effect of Particle Size Distribution on Density
Authors: Du Wenchao , Roa Jorge , Hong Jaehee , Liu Yanwen , Pei Zhijian , Ma Chao
Published: February 2021

This paper reports a study on the effects of particle size distribution (tuned by mixing different-sized powders) on density of a densely packed powder, powder bed density, and sintered density in binder jetting additive manufacturing. An analytical model was used first to study the mixture packing density. Analytical results showed that multimodal (bimodal or trimodal) mixtures could achieve a higher packing density than their component powders and there existed an optimal mixing fraction to achieve the maximum mixture packing density. Both a lower component particle size ratio (fine to coarse) and a larger component packing density ratio (fine to coarse) led to a larger maximum mixture packing density. A threshold existed for the component packing density ratio, below which the mixing method was not effective for density improvement. Its relationship to the component particle size ratio was calculated and plotted. In addition, the dependence of the optimal mixing fraction and maximum mixture packing density on the component particle size ratio and component packing density ratio was calculated and plotted. These plots can be used as theoretical tools to select parameters for the mixing method. Experimental results of tap density were consistent with the above-mentioned analytical predictions. Also, experimental measurements showed that powders with multimodal particle size distributions achieved a higher tap density, powder bed density, and sintered density in most cases.
Morphologic abnormalities in Amblyomma mixtum, Amblyomma naponense, Amblyomma cf. oblongoguttatum and Amblyomma tapirellum (Acari: Ixodidae) of Costa Rica
Authors: Domínguez Lillian G. , Montenegro Víctor M. , Bermudez Sergio Eduardo
Published: February 2021

In this work, we describe abnormalities in adults of Amblyomma mixtum, Amblyomma naponense, Amblyomma cf. oblongoguttatum and Amblyomma tapirellum of Costa Rica. General anomalies manifested as body asymmetry, nanism, and gigantism, while local anomalies occurred in the legs, festoons, anal pore and spiracle. These are the firsts mention of abnormalities in ticks from Costa Rica.
Peacock mites on cocoa in Peru (Acari: Tuckerellidae: Tuckerella): their economic importance and a key to species

Authors: Escobar-Garcia Hector Alonso , Andrade Daniel Junior de , Beard Jennifer J. , Ochoa Ronald
Published: February 2021

Seeds from the cocoa tree, Theobroma cacao L. (Malvaceae), make up the raw materials for cocoa which is used to produce chocolate. In Peru, cocoa is produced mainly by smallholder farmers under a small-scale agriculture model. During March and September 2020, surveys of organic smallholding farms were conducted in four Districts of the Department of Piura in northwestern Peru. Three species of the family Tuckerellidae (peacock mites) were collected and identified from this region in Peru: namely Tuckerella ornata (Tucker), Tu. pavoniformis (Ewing), and Tu. knorri Baker & Tuttle. In this article, we report the presence of peacock mites affecting cocoa crops in Peru for the first time. The populations of peacock mites found in the cocoa trees were considerable and causing significant fruit damage. A key to the species of Tuckerella found in cocoa is presented.
First record of the spider mite genus Mixonychus (Acari: Tetranychidae) from Iran based on the description of a new species

Authors: Mahdavi Sayed mosayeb , Latifi Malihe , Asadi Mahdieh , Auger Philippe
Published: February 2021

A new species of the genus Mixonychus Ryke & Meyer, 1960 (Acari: Trombidiformes: Tetranychidae), namely Mixonychus (Tylonychus) religiosae sp. nov. is described and illustrated based on females, deutonymphs, protonymphs and male collected from Ficus religiosa L. (Moraceae) in Southern of Iran (Kerman Province). This is the first report of Mixonychus (Tylonychus) from Palearctic area.
Theoretical model for fast calculations of the electrical resistivity of thin metallic films with rough surfaces
Authors: Pribylov Alexander. A.
Published: February 2021

A model of electron gas scattering at surface inhomogeneities was developed and applied to describe a surface roughness influence on the electrical resistivity of thin metallic films. The model is developed to be simple enough for fast calculations without detailed investigation of surface topology. The film’s shape is assumed to be described by the average thickness, the surface rms, and the correlation length. The scattering mechanism corresponds to electrical potential changes caused by inhomogeneities. It was found that the electrical resistivity of thin films increases with the increase of the roughness of surface for films of any thickness, whereas the law of this effect depends on film’s thickness. Basing on the developed model, formulas for the electrical resistivity as a function of the roughness rms and the correlation length in cases of thick enough, thin, and extremely thin films have been obtained and discussed with comparison to other models already in literature and experimental data.
Assessing vowel effects on voice quality, and voice quality effects on the respiratory system
Authors: Koenig Laura L. , Fuchs Susanne
Published: February 2021

This study assesses (a) effects of vowel height and tense-lax status on the laryngeal closed quotient (CQ) and (b) whether respiratory volume changes vary with differences in CQ. German speakers produced words containing eight different vowels in normal and loud conditions. The only significant vowel effect was found for the /a:–a/ pair, with lower CQ in /a/ at normal intensity. There was an insignificant trend for lower CQ to be associated with more negative thoracic slopes. The CQ difference for the /a:–a/ contrast, which relies more on duration than other tense-lax pairs in German, requires further study.
Respect the surroundings: Effects of phonetic context variability on infants' learning of minimal pairs
Authors: Höhle Barbara , Fritzsche Tom , Boll-Avetisyan Natalie , Hullebus Marc , Gafos Adamantios
Published: February 2021

Fourteen-month-olds' ability to distinguish a just learned word, /buːk/, from its minimally different word, /duːk/, was assessed under two pre-exposure conditions: one where /b, d/-initial forms occurred in a varying vowel context and another where the vowel was fixed but the final consonant varied. Infants in the experiments benefited from the variable vowel but not from the variable final consonant context, suggesting that vowel variability but not all kinds of variability are beneficial. These results are discussed in the context of time-honored observations on the vowel-dependent nature of place of articulation cues for consonants.
Anthropometric Profiles and Physical Characteristics in Competitive Female English Premiership Rugby Union Players
Authors: Yao Xiang , Curtis Christopher , Turner Anthony , Bishop Chris , Austerberry Alex , Chavda Shyam
Published: February 2021

Rugby union (RU) is a field-based team sport with a large number of high-intensity actions such as sprinting, change of direction, tackling, scrummaging, rucking, and mauling. Competitive success in female RU has previously been related to anthropometric and physical characteristics, and with the recent introduction of professionalism in female rugby, characterizing such physical attributes may provide insight into selection and training processes.Purpose:To identify anthropometric and physical characteristics of competitive female RU players and differences between playing positions.Methods:Twenty-two players were recruited from the top tier of female RU in the United Kingdom during the 2018–2019 Premiership season. Players were split into forwards and backs and underwent body composition testing via dual-X-ray absorptiometry and physical characteristic tests (10- and 20-m speed, 1-repetition-maximum bench press and squat, countermovement jump, drop jump, isometric midthigh pull, and 1200-m shuttle).Results:Moderate to large significant differences between playing positions in both anthropometric and physical characteristics were found (P < .01). Forwards displayed greater body mass (P = .03), fat mass (P = .01), and absolute upper-body strength (P = .03), whereas backs demonstrated superior countermovement jump height (P = .01), drop jump height (P = .01), greater reactive strength (P = .03), and speed (P = .03).Conclusion:These findings provide practitioners with a greater understanding of anthropometric and physical characteristics of professional female RU players.
Recovery Kinetics Following Small-Sided Games in Competitive Soccer Players: Does Player Density Size Matter?
Authors: Papanikolaou Konstantinos , Tsimeas Panagiotis , Anagnostou Angeliki , Varypatis Alexandros , Mourikis Christos , Tzatzakis Theofanis , Draganidis Dimitrios , Batsilas Dimitrios , Mersinias Theodoros , Loules Georgios , Poulios Athanasios , Deli Chariklia K. , Batrakoulis Alexios , Chatzinikolaou Athanasios , Mohr Magni , Jamurtas Athanasios Z. , Fatouros Ioannis G.
Published: February 2021

Purpose: To examine the recovery kinetics of exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD), neuromuscular fatigue, and performance following small-sided games (SSGs) of different densities in soccer. Methods: Ten male players randomly completed 3 trials: a control trial (no SSGs), 4v4 SSGs (62.5 m2/player), and 8v8 SSGs (284.4 m2/player). External and internal load were monitored using GPS technology, heart-rate monitors, and rating of perceived exertion. Delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS), creatine kinase (CK), isokinetic strength, countermovement jump (CMJ), and sprint were determined at baseline, as well as at 24, 48, and 72 hours post-SSGs. Neuromuscular fatigue was assessed at baseline and at 1, 2, and 3 hours post-SSGs. Results: DOMS increased (P < .05) in 4v4 for 72 hours and in 8v8 for 24 hours with that of knee flexors being more pronounced than that of extensors. CK increased (P < .05) in 4v4 for 72 hours and in 8v8 for 24 hours. Neuromuscular fatigue increased (P < .05) in 4v4 for 2 hours and in 8v8 for 3 hours. Strength declined (P < .05) in 4v4 for 48 hours and in 8v8 for 72 hours. CMJ decreased (P < .05) in 4v4 for 24 hours and in 8v8 for 48 hours. Sprint decreased (P < .05) for 48 hours in 4v4 and for 72 hours in 8v8. Conclusions: SSGs are associated with a prolonged rise of EIMD and induce short-term neuromuscular fatigue and slow recovery kinetics of strength, jump, and sprinting performance. The time for complete recovery is longer for SSGs of lower density.
Validation of Wearable Camera Still Images to Assess Posture in Free-Living Conditions
Authors: Martinez Julian , Decker Autumn E. , Cho Chi C. , Doherty Aiden , Swartz Ann M. , Staudenmayer John , Strath Scott J.
Published: February 2021

Purpose: To assess the convergent validity of body-worn wearable camera still images (IMGs) for determining posture compared with activPAL (AP) classifications. Methods: The participants (n = 16, mean age 46.7 ± 23.8 years, 9 F) wore an Autographer wearable camera and an AP during three 2-hr free-living visits. IMGs were on average 8.47 s apart and were annotated with output consisting of events, transitory states, unknown, and gaps. The events were annotations that matched AP classifications (sit, stand, and move), consisting of at least three IMGs; the transitory states were posture annotations fewer than three IMGs; the unknowns were IMGs that could not be accurately classified; and the gaps were the time between annotations. For the analyses, the annotation and AP output were converted to 1-s epochs. The total and average length of visits and events were reported in minutes. Bias and 95% confidence intervals for event posture times from IMGs to AP were calculated to determine accuracy and precision. Confusion matrices using total AP posture times were computed to determine misclassification. Results: Forty-three visits were analyzed, with a total visit and event time of 5,027.73 and 4,237.23 min, respectively, and the average visit and event lengths being 116.92 and 98.54 min, respectively. Bias was not statistically significant for sitting, but was significant for standing and movement (0.84, −6.87, and 6.04 min, respectively). From confusion matrices, IMGs correctly classified sitting, standing, and movement (85.69%, 54.87%, and 69.41%, respectively) of total AP time. Conclusion: Wearable camera IMGs provide a good estimation of overall sitting time. Future work is warranted to improve posture classifications and examine the validity of IMGs in assessing activity-type behaviors.
Effectiveness of the TightRope® Fixation in Treating Ankle Syndesmosis Injuries: A Critically Appraised Topic
Authors: Street Scott Benson , Rawlins Matthew , Miller Jason
Published: February 2021

Clinical Scenario: Ankle fractures are a frequent occurrence, and they carry the potential for syndesmosis injury. The syndesmosis is important to the structural integrity of the ankle joint by maintaining the proximity of the tibia, fibula, and talus. Presently, the gold standard for treating an ankle syndesmosis injury is to insert a metallic screw through the fibula and into the tibia. This technique requires a second intervention to remove the hardware, but also carries an inherent risk of breaking the screw during rehabilitation. Another fixation technique, the Tightrope™, has gained popularity in treating ankle syndesmosis injuries. The TightRope™ involves inserting Fiberwire® through the tibia and fibula, which allows for stabilization of the ankle mortise and normal range of motion. Clinical Question: In patients suffering from ankle syndesmosis injuries, is the Tightrope™ ankle syndesmosis fixation system more effective than conventional screw fixation at improving return to work, pain, and patient-reported outcome measures? Summary of Key Findings: Five studies were selected to be critically appraised. The PEDro checklist was used to score 2 randomized control trials, and the Downs & Black checklist was used to score the cohort study on methodology and consistency. Two systematic reviews were also appraised. All 5 articles demonstrated support for using the TightRope™ fixation. Clinical Bottom Line: There is moderate evidence to support the use of the TightRope™ syndesmosis fixation system, as it provides both clinician- and patient-reported outcomes that are similar to those using the conventional metallic screw, with a shortened time to recover and return to activity. Strength of Recommendation: Grade A evidence exists in support of using the TightRope™ fixation system in place of the metallic screw following ankle syndesmosis injury.
Effect of an Exercise Program That Includes Deadlifts on Low Back Pain
Authors: Fischer Samuel C. , Calley Darren Q. , Hollman John H.
Published: February 2021

Clinical Scenario: Low back pain is a common condition for the general population with 29% of adults having low back pain within the last 3 months. A deadlift is described as a free weight exercise in which a barbell is lifted from the floor in a continuous motion by extending the knees and hips. For those without low back pain, the deadlift was found to have the highest muscle activation of paraspinal musculature compared with other exercises. There are a limited number of studies that investigate the usefulness of incorporating deadlifts as part of a rehabilitation program for low back pain. Clinical Question: For those who live with low back pain, is an exercise routine that includes a deadlift a viable treatment option to improve pain and/or function? Summary of Key Findings: The literature search yielded 3 total studies meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria: 1 randomized control trial, 1 secondary analysis of a randomized control trial, and 1 cohort study. Exercise programs that include deadlifts can yield improvements in both pain and function for those living with low back pain but were not found to be more beneficial than low load motor control exercises. Those with lower pain levels and higher baseline lumbar extension strength may be most appropriate to participate in an exercise program that includes deadlifts. Further research is needed to compare exercise programs that include deadlifts to other interventions for those living with low back pain. Clinical Bottom Line: There is minimal evidence that exercise programs that included deadlifts are a clinically effective option for the treatment of low back pain for both pain scores and functional outcome measures. Strength of Recommendation: Level B evidence exists that exercise programs that include deadlifts are a clinically effective option for the treatment of low back pain for both pain scores and functional outcome measures.
The Test–Retest Reliability of Bilateral and Unilateral Force Plate–Derived Parameters of the Countermovement Push-Up in Elite Boxers
Authors: Parry Gemma N. , Herrington Lee C. , Horsley Ian G. , Gatt Ian
Published: February 2021

Context: Maximal power describes the ability to immediately produce power with the maximal velocity at the point of release, impact, and/or take off—the greater an athlete’s ability to produce maximal power, the greater the improvement of athletic performance. In reference to boxing performance, regular consistent production of high muscular power during punching is considered an essential prerequisite. Despite the importance of upper limb power to athletic performance, presently, there is no gold standard test for upper limb force development performance. Objective: To investigate the test–retest reliability of the force plate–derived measures of countermovement push-up in elite boxers. Design: Test–retest design. Setting: High Performance Olympic Training Center. Participants: Eighteen elite Olympic boxers (age = 23 [3] y; height = 1.68 [0.39] m; body mass = 70.0 [17] kg). Intervention: Participants performed 5 repetitions of countermovement push-up trials on FD4000 Forcedeck dual force platforms on 2 separate test occasions 7 days apart. Main Outcome Measures: Peak force, mean force, flight time, rate of force development, impulse, and vertical stiffness of the bilateral and unilateral limbs from the force–time curve. Results: No significant differences between the 2 trial occasions for any of the derived bilateral or unilateral performance measures. Intraclass correlation coefficients indicated moderate to high reliability for performance parameters (intraclass correlation coefficients = .68–.98) and low coefficient of variation (3%–10%) apart from vertical stiffness (coefficient of variation = 16.5%–25%). Mean force demonstrated the greatest reliability (coefficient of variation = 3%). In contrast, no significant differences (P < .001) were noted between left and right limbs (P = .005–.791), or between orthodox or southpaw boxing styles (P = .19–.95). Conclusion: Force platform–derived kinetic bilateral and unilateral parameters of countermovement push-up are reliable measures of upper limb power performance in elite-level boxers; results suggest unilateral differences within the bilateral condition are not the norm for an elite boxing cohort.
Soft magnetic skin for super-resolution tactile sensing with force self-decoupling
Authors: Yan Youcan , Hu Zhe , Yang Zhengbao , Yuan Wenzhen , Song Chaoyang , Pan Jia , Shen Yajing
Published: February 2021

Flexible magnetic sensors have tactile hyperacuity and the ability to distinguish between normal and shear forces.
Elevation of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Promotes Differentiation of Cancer Stem-Like Cell State by Hepatitis C Virus Infection
Authors: Nam Da-eun , Angelucci Angelina , Choi Dahsom , Leigh Arnold , Seong Hae Chang , Hahn Young S.
Published: February 2021

The progression of chronic liver disease by HCV infection is considered a major risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the major causes of death from cancer. Recent studies have demonstrated that increased CSC properties in HCV-infected hepatocytes are associated with the progression of HCC.
Complete Genome Sequence of
Bradyrhizobium
sp. Strain BDV5419, Representative of Australian Genospecies L
Authors: Oger-Desfeux Christine , Briolay Jérôme , Oger Philippe M. , Lafay Bénédicte
Published: February 2021

We report the complete genome sequence of
Bradyrhizobium
sp. strain BDV5419, representative of
Bradyrhizobium
genospecies L, which symbiotically associates with the Australian native legume
Hardenbergia violaceae
and is expected to represent a novel
Bradyrhizobium
species. The complete genome sequence provides a genetic reference for this Australian genospecies.
Complete Genome Sequence of
Paenibacillus
sp. Strain 37, a Plant Growth-Promoting Bacterium Isolated from the Rhizosphere of Abies nordmanniana (Nordmann Fir)
Authors: Garcia-Lemos Adriana M. , Hennessy Rosanna C. , Nielsen Tue K. , Hansen Lars H. , Nicolaisen Mette H.
Published: February 2021

We report the complete genome sequence of
Paenibacillus
sp. strain 37, a plant growth-promoting bacterium (PGPB) isolated from the rhizosphere of
Abies nordmanniana
(Stev.) Spach; it contains a single chromosome of 7.08 Mbp and one plasmid of 54.33 kbp, including 6,445 protein-coding genes, 107 tRNAs, and 13 rRNA loci.
Genome Sequence of
Streptomyces
sp. Strain HB-N217, Isolated from the Marine Sponge
Forcepia
sp.
Authors: Xavier René K. M. , Xu Dongbo , McCarthy Peter J. , Yang Shengming , Wang Guojun
Published: February 2021

The genome sequence of the
Forcepia
sponge-derived bacterium
Streptomyces
sp. strain HB-N217 was determined, with approximately 8.25 Mbp and a G+C content of 72.1%. Thirty biosynthetic gene clusters that bear the capability to produce secondary metabolites were predicted. The results will aid marine natural product chemistry and sponge-microbe association studies.
Rift inheritance controls the switch from thin- to thick-skinned thrusting and basal décollement re-localization at the subduction-to-collision transition
Authors: Tavani Stefano , Granado Pablo , Corradetti Amerigo , Camanni Giovanni , Vignaroli Gianluca , Manatschal Gianreto , Mazzoli Stefano , Muñoz Josep A. , Parente Mariano
Published: February 2021

In accretionary convergent margins, the subduction interface is formed by a lower plate décollement above which sediments are scraped off and incorporated into the accretionary wedge. During subduction, the basal décollement is typically located within or at the base of the sedimentary pile. However, the transition to collision implies the accretion of the lower plate continental crust and deformation of its inherited rifted margin architecture. During this stage, the basal décollement may remain confined to shallow structural levels as during subduction or re-localize into the lower plate middle-lower crust. Modes and timing of such re-localization are still poorly understood. We present cases from the Zagros, Apennines, Oman, and Taiwan belts, all of which involve a former rifted margin and point to a marked influence of inherited rift-related structures on the décollement re-localization. A deep décollement level occurs in the outer sectors of all of these belts, i.e., in the zone involving the proximal domain of pre-orogenic rift systems. Older—and shallower—décollement levels are preserved in the upper and inner zones of the tectonic pile, which include the base of the sedimentary cover of the distal portions of the former rifted margins. We propose that thinning of the ductile middle crust in the necking domains during rifting, and its complete removal in the hyperextended domains, hampered the development of deep-seated décollements during the inception of shortening. Progressive orogenic involvement of the proximal rift domains, where the ductile middle crust was preserved upon rifting, favors its reactivation as a décollement in the frontal portion of the thrust system. Such décollement eventually links to the main subduction interface, favoring underplating and the upward motion of internal metamorphic units, leading to their final emplacement onto the previously developed tectonic stack.