bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Icônes de l’amitié : l’aide soviétique, l’acier indien et la Guerre froide économique
Authors: C. Engerman David
Published: November 2020

L’article propose une analyse de l’aide économique soviétique offerte à l’Inde dans les années 1950-1960 à travers le soutien technique et financier à l’industrie lourde déployé dans le cadre de la construction de l’aciérie de Bokaro. S’appuyant sur des archives soviétiques, indiennes et américaines, l’article démontre combien le processus concret dément les proclamations de l’amitié bilatérale et révèle les conséquences politiques de cette aide.
Naissance et mise en place de la circulation internationale du marxisme critique yougoslave (1948-1975)
Authors: Markovic Sacha
Published: November 2020

Alors que l’autogestion yougoslave doit affronter les premiers signes d’une grave crise économique au milieu des années 1960, le maréchal Tito tente d’apaiser les tensions sociales par une plus grande tolérance à l’égard de la liberté d’expression. Les marxistes critiques s’engouffrent dans la brèche pour créer des revues contestataires et organiser des séminaires internationaux, où ils remettent en question la doxa et font circuler leurs idées auprès d’intellectuels de l’Est comme de l’Ouest.
« Le plus authentique des leaders révolutionnaires » : Fidel Castro et la Guerre froide
Authors: Gleijeses Piero
Published: November 2020

Cet article analyse l’impact majeur de la politique étrangère cubaine pendant la Guerre froide sur deux régions : l’Amérique latine et l’Afrique. Il étudie également les relations de La Havane avec les États-Unis et avec l’Union soviétique, et évalue dans quelle mesure la politique cubaine était fonction des exigences soviétiques. Il est fondé sur plusieurs années de recherche dans les archives cubaines, américaines et sud-africaines, ainsi que, entre autres, dans les archives de la France, de la Grande-Bretagne, de l’Allemagne de l’Est, de l’Allemagne de l'Ouest, de la Belgique, de la Pologne, de la Serbie, du Canada et de la Zambie.
Écrire une histoire globale de 1989 : entre onde de choc et brèche dans le temps
Authors: Droit Emmanuel
Published: November 2020

1989 appartient sans conteste à la catégorie de l’« événement-monde ». Le défi d’écrire une histoire globale de 1989 implique d’articuler distance spatiale intercontinentale et capacité des acteurs à prendre conscience de la « planétarité » (Spivak) de processus historiques. Cet article à caractère programmatique propose de tenter de saisir quelques dynamiques transnationales et globales comme le « facteur Gorbatchev » et l’expérience historique de la « brèche dans le temps » partagée à l’échelle mondiale en invitant à développer une approche multi-située.
« Le péril indien » : l’impact de l’immigration indienne en contexte colonial sur le nationalisme birman (1885-1948)
Authors: Hendrick Jessica
Published: November 2020

Dans cet article, nous étudions l’impact de l’immigration indienne, lors de l’annexion de la Birmanie au Raj britannique, sur la formation du sentiment nationaliste birman. Nous nous intéressons à la présence des Indiens dans le secteur économique et administratif, mais surtout à la manière dont celle-ci vient effriter les relations entre les deux groupes colonisés. Nous finissons en abordant la séparation des deux territoires et l’impact de cette rupture sur la formation du sentiment nationaliste birman.
Rethinking the Symphonic Poem: Dialectical Form, Sequential Dissonances and the Chord of Fate in Schoenberg’s Pelleas und Melisande
Authors: Lee Kelvin H. F.
Published: November 2020

Cet article aborde la question de la relation ambivalente entre forme et contenu dans les poèmes symphoniques de la fin-de-siècle. Il interprète les problèmes relatifs à la musique absolue et à la musique à programme dans le poème symphonique post-wagnérien comme deux dimensions d’une logique structurale intégrée, en explorant les possibilités d’application de l’idée de parcours tonal/narratif développée par Fred Lerdahl dans le contexte de la sonate, sous l’éclairage de la théorie de la forme sonate bidimensionnelle de Steven Vande Moortele, et en tenant compte de la pratique tonale post-romantique interprétée en termes de syntaxe double et de cycles hexatoniques (Richard Cohn). À travers une étude de cas de Pelléas et Mélisande op. 5 de Schoenberg (1902-1903), je propose un modèle de forme dialectique en repensant la tension entre les dimensions absolue et programmatique de la musique, la symphonie et le drame, et entre la conception formelle de la sonate et la tonalité étendue, comme un discours dialectique intégré dans le processus formel. Une attention particulière est accordée à ce que je théorise sous la forme de dissonances séquentielles, qui sont constituées par ce que j’appelle l’accord du destin et l’accord de Tristan : ces événements marquants culminent dans un moment structural caractérisé par la notion de moment ( Augenblick ) de Theodor W. Adorno, qui permet une réinterprétation rétrospective du discours formel en cours en tant que sonate, engendrant une reconceptualisation de la syntaxe formelle et tonale globale qui possède en même temps des implications programmatiques importantes. Cette approche accorde ainsi une importance équivalente aux propriétés formelles et programmatiques du poème symphonique, reconnaissant son statut en tant que genre distinctif qui trouve son origine à la fois dans la symphonie et dans le drame.
Social Mobility and Service to the Crown in Late Medieval Catalonia (c. 1350 – c. 1420) : An Approach centred on the Area of Girona
Authors: Reixach Sala Albert
Published: November 2020

Cet article analyse le service dans l’entourage du roi et dans l’administration royale comme facteurs d’ascension sociale dans la Catalogne du bas Moyen Âge. Étant donnée l’absence d’une tradition historiographique solide sur les membres de la cour royale et d’autres instances bureaucratiques de la couronne, on offre une approche prosopographique fondée sur les centres urbains de la région de Gérone entre 1350 et 1420. Cette méthodologie permet d’étudier les éléments communs dans l’arrière-plan social, les interactions avec les administrations locales, les carrières, ainsi que les expériences d’ascension sociale de ces groupes.
Modalités actuelles de gestion au travail en tant que politique de subjectivation. Défis pour la psychodynamique du travail
Authors: Ros Cecilia
Published: November 2020

Les modalités de gestion du travail à cette étape du capitalisme actuel impliquent à la fois une reformulation du travail et du sujet. La prétendue « gestion managériale » a introduit une véritable politique de subjectivation sur la base du développement de dispositifs dont le but est l’intensification de l’engagement subjectif dans l’activité professionnelle en même temps que dans la prise de responsabilité individuelle sur la propre employabilité. L’objectif est de rendre invisible le rapport entre, d’un côté, des modes de production et des modèles de gestion du travail et, de l’autre, les conditions d’accès et de permanence dans le marché de travail, ainsi que leurs conséquences sur la dynamique plaisir-souffrance. Parmi les mécanismes que les formes actuelles d’organisation du travail mettent en pratique, nous analyserons la fonction performative et autodisciplinante des systèmes d’évaluation et la gestion des émotions dans un groupe de travailleurs en Argentine – avec l’objectif de nous interroger et de les interroger depuis la perspective de la psychodynamique du travail.
Le travail et l’éthique du care en temps de pandémie. Une recension située de Le Care Monde de Pascale Molinier
Authors: Borgeaud-Garciandía Natacha
Published: November 2020

Comment parler du « Care Monde » en temps de pandémie ? Cet article de présentation de l’ouvrage de Pascale Molinier Le Care Monde (2018) en offre une lecture située, qui s’inscrit dans le contexte particulier de la pandémie de la Covid-19 de l’année 2020, marqué par la mise en lumière à la fois de la centralité du travail de care dans la vie humaine et des effets dévastateurs de l’idéologie gestionnaire dans les secteurs du soin et de la santé. Le travail de care et les attachements constituent le fil conducteur d’expériences diverses que Pascale Molinier tisse ensemble dans une réflexion sur l’éthique, la psychologie et la philosophie morales, partant d’une écoute sensible de personnes engagées dans une relation de care à autrui.
IL-18 Responsiveness Defines Limitations in Immune Help for Specialized FcRγ– NK Cells
Authors: Anderko Renee R. , Rinaldo Charles R. , Mailliard Robbie B.
Published: November 2020

Despite being prolific innate killers, NK cells are also key helper cells in antiviral defense, influencing adaptive immune responses via interactions with dendritic cells (DCs). In addition to causing NK cell dysfunction, HIV-1 infection contributes to the expansion of a rare population of NK cells deficient in FcRγ (FcRγ−), an intracellular adaptor protein that associates with CD16. The implications of this inflated NK cell subset in treated HIV-1 infection remain unclear. In this study, we explored the helper function of human NK cells in chronic HIV-1 infection, with a particular focus on characterizing FcRγ− NK cells. Exposure of NK cells to innate DC-derived costimulatory factors triggered their helper activity, defined by their ability to produce IFN-γ and to drive the maturation of high IL-12–producing DCs. In this setting, however, FcRγ− NK cells were defective at producing the dominant DC-polarizing agent IFN-γ. The reduced responsiveness of FcRγ− NK cells to IL-18 in particular, which was attributable to impaired inducible expression of IL-18Rα, extended beyond an inability to produce IFN-γ, as FcRγ− NK cells showed limited potential to differentiate into CD16−/CD25+/CD83+ helper cells. Notwithstanding their deficiencies in responsiveness to innate environmental cues, FcRγ− NK cells responded robustly to adaptive Ab-mediated signaling through CD16. The presence of an expanded population of FcRγ− NK cells with a diminished capacity to respond to IL-18 and to effectively modulate DC function may contribute to disturbances in proper immune homeostasis associated with HIV-1 infection and to defects in the initiation of optimal adaptive antiviral responses.
A Sequential Two-Step Cell-Based Assay Predicts Immunosuppression-Related Adverse Events
Authors: Bouchard-Boivin François , Désy Olivier , Béland Stéphanie , Gama Alcino , Lapointe Isabelle , Lesage Julie , Côté Isabelle , Singbo Narcisse , Houde Isabelle , De Serres Sacha A.
Published: November 2020

Immunosuppressants are associated with serious and often life-threatening adverse effects. To optimize immunotherapy, a tool that measures the immune reserve is necessary. We validated that a cell-based assay that measures TNF-α production by CD14+16+ intermediate monocytes following stimulation with EBV peptides has high sensitivity for the detection of over-immunosuppression (OIS) events. To develop a sequential, two-step assay with high specificity, we used PBMCs from kidney recipients (n = 87). Patients were classified as cases or controls, according to the occurrence of opportunistic infection, recurring bacterial infections, or de novo neoplasia. Patients who tested positive in the first step were randomly allocated to a training or a testing set for the development of the second step. In the discovery phase, an assay based on the examination of early mature B (eBm5) cells was able to discriminate OIS patients from controls with a specificity of 88%. The testing set also revealed a specificity of 88%. The interassay coefficient of variability between the experiments was 6.1%. Stratified analyses showed good diagnostic accuracy across tertiles of age and time posttransplant. In the adjusted model, the risk of OIS was more than 12 times higher in patients classified as positive than in those who tested negative (adjusted hazard ratio, 12.2; 95% confidence interval: 4.3–34.6). This sequential cell-based assay, which examines the monocyte and eBm5 cell response to EBV peptides, may be useful for identifying OIS in immunosuppressed patients.
The Clusters of Transcription Factors NFATC2, STAT5, GATA2, AP1, RUNX1 and EGR2 Binding Sites at the InducedIl13Enhancers MediateIl13Gene Transcription in Response to Antigenic Stimulation
Authors: Kamran Mohammad , Liang Jinyi , Liu Bing , Li Yapeng , Gao Junfeng , Keating Ashley , Mohamed Fathia , Dai Shaodong , Reinhardt Richard , Jiong Yang , Wu Zhongdao , Huang Hua
Published: November 2020

IL-13 plays a critical role in mediating many biological processes responsible for allergic inflammation. Mast cells express Il13 mRNA and produce IL-13 protein in response to antigenic stimulation. Enhancers are essential in promoting gene transcription and are thought to activate transcription by delivering essential accessory cofactors to the promoter to potentiate gene transcription. However, enhancers mediating Il13 have not been identified. Furthermore, which Il13 enhancers detect signals triggered by antigenic stimulation have not yet been defined. In this study, we identified potential mouse Il13 enhancers using histone modification monomethylation at lysine residue 4 on histone 3 (H3K4me1) chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing and acetylation at lysine residue 27 on histone 3 (H3K27ac) chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing. We used Omni–assay for transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing to determine which accessible regions within the potential Il13 enhancers that responded to IgE receptor crosslinking. We also demonstrated that the transcription factor cluster consisting of the NFATC2, STAT5, GATA2, AP1, and RUNX1 binding sites at the proximal Il13 enhancer and the transcription factor cluster consisting of the EGR2 binding site at the distal Il13 E+6.5 enhancer are critical in sensing the signals triggered by antigenic stimulation. Those enhancers, which are responsive to antigenic stimulation and are constitutively active, cooperate to generate greater transcriptional outputs. Our study reveals a novel mechanism underlying how antigenic stimulation induces robust Il13 mRNA expression in mouse mast cells.
The national transformation for converting between NAD27 and NAD83 in Canada
Authors: Junkins D R
Published: November 2020

The National Transformation to convert coordinate data between the NAD27 and NAD83 reference systems in Canada is described in this paper. Background concerning many complex processes and the data used to model the differences between the two systems is provided,
with some analysis of the accuracy. The resulting model is implemented by means of a simple, automated software package to enable most users to handle their own data conversion processing. Suitability of the National Transformation for various applications is also discussed.
Transforming to NAD83
Authors: Junkins D R
Published: November 2020

The project for the redefinition of the North American Datum, designated NAD83, will result in a new and improved system of reference for latitude and longitude. Redefined coordinates for 350,000 survey markers across the continent will become the foundation for
ail new federal topographic maps and for hydrographic and aeronautical charts. Most provincial resource mapping in digital form and most new property mapping will also be referred to NAD83.
Because almost ail of the existing maps and charts are based on NAD27, most current geographic information systems, which depend on base maps to ensure universal compatibility of GIS contents, are also referred to the NAD27 system. Users and providers of such place-related information will have to
consider the advantages, such as the ability to share data and to display their information at various scales, to be gained by converting their holdings to the updated reference system. Only by having ail geographic and land-related information systems share one reference system will GIS users and
providers be able to obtain the maximum benefits now and in the future.
This paper describes various common methods that may be used to transform coordinates between reference systems, and outlines software developed at the Geodetic Survey Division to apply some of these methods. A brief description is given of a representative national transformation, computed by the
Geodetic Survey Division using this software. Recommendations for selecting methods suitable for individual users, and sources of assistance are also given.
House Calls
Authors: Ellis Chris
Published: November 2020

I have always enjoyed doing house calls and in some cases consider it part of the general practice care of patients. I get to see the context that the patient lives in as well as often meet significant others whom I would not normally meet. It also gets me out of the rooms for a change of scenery.
Characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Moses Kotane region North West Province, South Africa
Authors: Yoko Jean Louis , Tumbo John , Mills Benjamin A , Kabongo Cila Dominic
Published: November 2020

Aim: To determine the characteristics of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis registered in primary health care facilities in Moses Kotane region North West Province.

Method: A retrospective record review of pulmonary TB patients registered in five community health centres (CHCs) in 2010 was conducted.

Results: Of the 229 new patients diagnosed using sputum microscopy or culture, 176 were cured and 53 were not cured. The mean age for cured patients was 36.4 years and 34.0 years for not cured patients with standard deviations of 13.5 and 11.4 respectively (p-value 0.195). In total, 97 (55.1%) female patients and 79 (44.9%) male patients were cured while 24 (45.3%) female patients and 29 (54.7%) male patients were not cured (p-value 0.214). Among the 169 unemployed patients, 120 (68.2%) were cured and 40 (75.5%) were not cured. Of the 69 patients with employment, 56 (31.8%) were cured and 13 (24.5%) failed to cure (p-value 0.394). Of 176 cured patients, 130 had directly observed treatment (DOT) support while 31 of 53 not cured patients did not have DOT support (p-value 0.00002). Some 154 (67.2%) patients were HIV positive and among them 119 (67.6%) were cured and 35 (66.0%) were not cured while of the 75 who were HIV negative 57 (32.4%) were cured and 18 (33.9%) were not cured (p-value 0.8680).

Conclusion: DOT support was a strong predictive characteristic for the outcomes of these TB patients during their treatment with a statistically significant difference between cured and not cured patients; the majority of not cured patients did not have DOT support. Other characteristics like gender, age, HIV status, employment or other medical conditions did not show any statistically significant difference between cured and not cured patients.

(Full text of the research articles are available online at www.medpharm.tandfonline.com/ojfp)

S Afr Fam Pract 2017; DOI: 10.1080/20786190.2016.1272249
Glaucoma: a brief update for 2017
Authors: Schellack Natalie , Schellack Gustav , Bezuidenhout Selente , Malan Lucille , De Klerk Hanneke
Published: November 2020

Glaucoma is a complex condition of the eye and the second leading cause of blindness around the globe. It is an ophthalmic neurodegenerative condition and is characterised by a raised intra-ocular pressure (IOP). The latter also constitutes the only modifiable risk factor in glaucoma management. When left untreated patients may gradually experience a visual field loss, and even lose their sight completely. This article provides a brief overview of this condition, the pharmacological treatment options that are available in South Africa, as well as the rational use thereof.
Migraine headaches in a nutshell
Authors: Schellack Natalie , Mogole O , Magongwa N , Makola F
Published: November 2020

This article aims to provide a concise, high-level overview of the classification, management and treatment of migraine. Migraine is a common, debilitating neurological disorder that is characterised by the presence of severe headaches, which may last anything from a few hours to a few days (4–72 hours). Thus, the condition is characterised by episodes of severe migraine headache, frequently accompanied by nausea and vomiting. These headaches may be unilateral or bilateral, and patients may also experience a range of associated features. Acute attacks require rapid, abortive treatment and the rate of recurrence needs to be reduced and managed using effective prophylactic measures.
Obstetric outcomes and antenatal access among adolescent pregnancies in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Govender Trishka , Reddy P , Ghuman S
Published: November 2020

Background: Pregnancy among adolescents in South Africa is a growing concern as it may be associated with adverse socioeconomic and health impacts. Timeous initiation and optimal utilisation of antenatal care (ANC) services is imperative to ensure positive pregnancy outcomes. However, this is not always possible owing to various challenges.

Methods: A multi-method study design using both retrospective record review and qualitative interviews was undertaken at a district hospital on the North Coast of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Data on ANC attendance trends and obstetric/perinatal outcomes for all recorded adolescent pregnancies (13–16 years) at the district hospital under study was collected over 3 years (2011–2013) (n = 314). Qualitative interviews with randomly selected pregnant adolescents were conducted to assess experiences of ANC access and utilisation.

Results: Late ANC booking and reduced ANC visits were common for adolescent pregnancies. Under-utilisation of ANC (i.e. less than 4 visits) was significantly associated with lower gestational age (< 37 weeks) (OR = 2.64; 95% CI = 1.04; 6.74; p < 0.05). Low birthweight, low Apgar scores as well as the incidence of maternal anaemia and pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) were found to be related to late ANC booking. In-depth interviews suggested that teenagers suffered emotional vulnerability linked to family, partner and financial support. They discussed various barriers linked with accessing ANC while acknowledging perceived benefits.

Conclusion: Adolescent pregnancy was associated with late booking and reduced ANC visits, which was a risk for adverse maternal health outcomes. In-depth interviews suggested numerous challenges associated with ANC access including; financial barriers, attitude of healthcare workers (HCWs), long queues, distance travelled to access ANC services, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status and a lack of knowledge.

(Full text of the research articles are available online at www.medpharm.tandfonline.com/ojfp)

S Afr Fam Pract 2017; DOI: 10.1080/20786190.2017.133378
Listeriosis outbreak in South Africa: Are we winning the battle?
Authors: Ogunbanjo Gboyega A
Published: November 2020

South Africa’s listeriosis outbreak has topped the charts as the largest outbreak in history. The first reported case of the current outbreak of listeriosis was in January 2017. On 27 Feb 2018, the South African National Institute of Communicable Diseases (NICD) reported 945 confirmed cases, of which 176 had died (case fatality rate of 19%). Most reported cases were from Gauteng Province (59%, 555/945), followed by the Western Cape (12%, 116/945) and KwaZulu-Natal (7%, 66/945) provinces.1 South Africa is not the only country experiencing outbreaks of listeriosis. Europe has been experiencing a multi-country outbreak since 2015, with a combined number of only 26 cases from Austria, Denmark, Finland, Sweden and the United Kingdom classified as a confirmed microbiological cluster on the basis of whole genome sequencing (WGS) analysis, including core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) based analysis, depending on the country. Four cases have died (case fatality 15.4%).2
Pharmacotherapeutic Options for Ophthalmic Conjunctivitis
Authors: Van Eyk A. D.
Published: November 2020

Conjunctivitis is a common eye condition involving inflammation and in some instances infection of the conjunctiva. In the majority of cases it is caused by adenoviruses and to a lesser extent bacteria. Conjunctivitis can also occur secondary to Chlamydial and Gonococcal infections and new-born infants can acquire it during the birthing process from infected mothers. Herpes simplex and Herpes zoster are the infective organisms also responsible for conjunctivitis while seasonal pollens are usually the cause for allergic conjunctivitis. Common symptoms and signs are redness, tearing, oedema of the eyelids, sensation of a foreign body and it may be accompanied by itching. Most often a purulent discharge and adherence of eyelids at awakening are indicators of a bacterial infection. Most of the uncomplicated acute cases are self-limiting. There is however a challenge in distinguishing between the various types of conjunctivitis due to the similarity in the symptoms and due to a lack of tests and prediction algorithms, thus antibiotic therapy is often incorrectly initiated. Treatment of acute uncomplicated conjunctivitis caused by adenoviruses and bacteria is mostly symptomatic. Topical eye drops and ointments are preferred to oral agents in the treatment of more severe bacterial and allergic conjunctivitis while oral agents are used in the treatment of conjunctivitis caused by Herpes simplex, Herpes zoster, Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
Publishing in predatory journals: Time for reflections
Authors: Ogunbanjo Gboyega A
Published: November 2020

No abstract available.
Validity and utility of instruments for screening of depression in women attending antenatal clinics in Blantyre district in Malawi
Authors: Chorwe-Sungania G. , Chipps J.
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Screening instruments should be brief, valid and easy to use if they are to be useful in a busy antenatal clinic in low-resource settings. A short instrument can be used in a busy antenatal clinic in combination with a more detailed instrument once referred. This study aimed at assessing the validity of a range of depression screening instruments and to test the utility of combining these instruments for use in antenatal clinics in Blantyre district, Malawi.Methods: This was a sensitivity analysis study using a sub-sample of 97 pregnant women drawn from a cross-sectional study (sample size = 480) that was screening for depression in eight antenatal clinics. Data from the cross-sectional study for the 97 pregnant women on the 3-item screener, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), Hopkins Symptoms Checklist-15 (HSCL-15) and Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ), was compared with a gold standard, the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). Sensitivity, specificity and area under curve (AUC) were calculated to test for validity of the instruments. The utility of various combinations of the instruments was tested using the compensatory, conjunctive, probability and sequential rules.Results: The 3-item screener, EPDS, HSCL-15 and SRQ were valid instruments for screening antenatal depression. Sequential combination of the 3-item screener and SRQ had superior discriminant ability over similar combinations of the 3-item screener and either EPDS or HSCL-15 (sensitivity = 78%, specificity = 88%, AUC = 0.885).Discussion: The 3-item screener, EPDS, HSCL-15 and SRQ are valid instruments for screening depression in local antenatal clinics. The sequential combination of the 3-item screener and SRQ may be a practical, accurate and suitable method for multistage screening of depression in antenatal clinics in Blantyre district, Malawi.
National Health Insurance Bill: Is it implementable in its current form?
Authors: Ogunbanjo Gboyega A.
Published: November 2020

No abstract available.
Risk factors and HIV infection among patients diagnosed with deep vein thrombosis at a regional/tertiary hospital in Kimberley, South Africa
Authors: Mampuya F. K. , Steinberg W. J. , Raubenheimer J. E.
Published: November 2020

Background: Common risk factors for developing deep vein thrombosis (DVT) are prolonged immobilisation, surgery, leg trauma or fracture, pregnancy, hormone therapy, heart failure, cancer, obesity, age, and smoking. The incidence of DVT in HIV-infected patients shows a two- to tenfold increase in comparison with a healthy population of similar age. This retrospective descriptive study evaluated the presence of risk factors for DVT and the prevalence of HIV infection in patients with confirmed DVT treated at Kimberley Hospital Complex, a regional/tertiary hospital in the Northern Cape Province, South Africa, from January 2010 to December 2014.Methods: Patients were identified from the ultrasound register from the Radiology Department, and all adult patients with Doppler-proven DVT during the five-year period were included in the study. The data were extracted from the patient files and captured on data sheets.Results: Of the 852 patients included in the study, most were female (n = 536, 62.9%). The median age was 45 years (range 5–94 years, interquartile range 34–58 years). More than half (n = 443, 52.0%) of the patients were HIV-positive, 333 (39.1%) HIV-negative, while 76 (8.9%) did not have a known HIV status. The most common association with DVT was HIV infection (52.0%) followed by tuberculosis (12.4%), cancer (10.9%), and smoking (9.0%). The least common risk factors were long-distance travel (0.4%) and thrombophilia (0.4%). The left popliteal vein was the most frequently affected site (42.0%) followed by left superficial femoral vein (40.8%) and left common femoral vein (34.7%). The location of the DVT was not associated with the HIV status of the patients.Conclusion: At Kimberley Hospital Complex, the most common risk factor in patients presenting with DVT was HIV infection, with more than half of the patients being HIV-positive. Other risk factors included tuberculosis, cancer and smoking.
An exploration of the reasons women give for choosing legal termination of pregnancy at Soshanguve Community Health Centre, Pretoria, South Africa
Authors: Steyn Carrien , Govender Indiran , Ndimande John Velaphi
Published: November 2020

Background: Termination of pregnancy (TOP) is one of the most commonly performed gynaecological procedures in the world and was legalised in South Africa in 1996 with the passing of the Choice on Termination of Pregnancy Act, 1996 (Act No. 29 of 1996). Utilisation of the TOP service increased significantly after the promulgation of the Act, to the extent that 7% of pregnant women in South Africa chose to terminate their pregnancies legally in 2012. Worldwide, women most commonly state their reasons for choosing TOP as a desire to stop or postpone childbearing. Although several international studies have been done in this regard, the reasons for women requesting legalised TOP in South Africa have not been explored in depth.Methods: A qualitative study using the case-study approach and involving one-on-one open interviews with participants was done at the TOP Clinic at Soshanguve Clinic 3 with the aim of gaining more insight into this issue.Results: The following themes emerged from the interviews: formal education not completed, financial difficulties, contraceptive failure, wrong timing, reasons relating to the existing family; and problems relating to the partner.Conclusion: This study also gave insight into the complex personal and social contexts within which women make the decision to terminate their pregnancy, and the thoughtfulness with which they make their decisions.
Wykorzystanie mediów społecznościowych w komunikacji marketingowej polskich uczelni wyższych
Authors: Łuczaj Kamil , Wiater Wiktoria , Wnęk Paulina , Kołoda Karolina , Kusak Karolina , Pieniążek Michał
Published: November 2020

The Use of Social Media in Marketing Communication of Polish Universities Social media has revolutionized communication between the sender and recipient of media messages. Thus, it is barely surprising that Polish universities use social media to communicate with Gen Y and Gen Z – generations whose members do not remember life without the Internet and social media. The goal of this article is to analyze the activity of Polish universities in social media, including Facebook, Instagram, LinkedIn, Snapchat, and TikTok. The analysis was based on quantitative empirical research, embracing all universities in Poland. The study included variables such as the size of the university, location of the university, and ownership structure (public and non-public universities). The results proved that Facebook remains the primary communication tool for Polish universities, and its position seems to be unbeatable. On the other hand, Polish universities still do not communicate on TikTok or Snapchat, which is a missed opportunity to come into being in portals addressed to the younger generation. The most popular innovative tool in extensive use is chatbots. The most important variable explaining different communication patterns was the size of the university, but – in case of some – portals, we discovered other significant relationships.
Korespondentki wojenne. Współczesne Kasandry i Amazonki
Authors: Hodalska Magdalena
Published: November 2020

Andrzej Kaliszewski, Edyta Żyrek-Horodyska: Kasandry i Amazonki. W kręgu kobiecego reportażu wojennego, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, Kraków 2019, s. 270.
Hubungan Perilaku Caring Perawat Dengan Tingkat Kepuasan Pasien Pengguna Jasa BPJS Di RS An-Nisa Tangerang Tahun 2020
Authors: Ningsih Yulia
Published: November 2020

Caring is the essence of nursing service that distinguishes nursing from other professions. Caring is the essence of nursing service that distinguishes nursing from other professions. Caring is a hot topic at this time to be discussed in the world of nursing because nurses are caring behaviors but caring that is carried out by nurses is still far from the standard in real nursing practice. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between nurse caring behavior and the satisfaction level of BPJS service users at RS An-Nisa Tangerang in 2020. The research method used in this study was descriptive-collegial. The population in this study amounted to 100 respondents. The technique used for data collection is accidental sampling. Results: Based on the chi-square test that p-value = 0.009 <0.05, it can be stated that HO is rejected, meaning that there is a relationship between nurse caring behavior and the level of patient satisfaction in the inpatient installation of BPJS service users at AN-NISA Hospital Tangerang. Conclusion: there is a relationship between the caring behavior of nurses and the level of patient satisfaction in the inpatient installation of BPJS service users at AN-NISA Hospital, Tangerang.
Music as Co-Therapist: Towards a Taxonomy of Music in Therapeutic Music and Imagery Work
Authors: Wärja Margareta , Bonde Lars Ole
Published: November 2020

In receptive music therapy, music listening is used as a therapeutic medium in many different ways. The Bonny Method of Guided Imagery and Music (GIM) is a specific receptive music therapy model where the client or patient listens to selected classical music in an expanded state of consciousness in an ongoing dialogue with the therapist, facilitating symbolic and metaphorical imagery in many modalities. In this model, music is often considered a “co-therapist”, and more than 100 music programs are used to address specific issues and problems. However, no classification of the music used in GIM exists. This article presents a matrix with 3 major categories: 1) Supportive music – 2) Mixed supportive and challenging music – 3) Challenging music, with three subcategories within each category. Based on a review of literature related to music listening in music and medicine the taxonomy is introduced and its relevance for the Bonny Method discussed, with special focus on two adaptations: KMR-Brief Music Journeys and Group Music and Imagery (GrpMI). Vignettes from KMR with one individual cancer patient and from GrpMI sessions with psychiatric patients are presented and related to the taxonomy.
Music for Life Sustenance: Does Music have a Role in Intensive Care Medicine?
Authors: Harris Jennifer N.
Published: November 2020

The application of music as a therapeutic, strategized intervention in the intensive care environment is considered as critical consideration and evaluation of current research is explored. Through a comprehensive literature review, it is considered why music might prove suitable in ICU care, and how it can significantly affect cardiovascular, respiratory and metabolic parameters amongst other physiological and psychological aspects pertinent to recovery. Consideration of music application outside of the intensive care unit in affiliated areas is discussed as well as its use in targeted therapy application with specific patient groups. The importance of distinguishing between a live or recorded musical intervention and the music type itself is highlighted, particularly with respect to research where this has typically been poorly defined.
Evaluation of the Standardized MUSIC CARE© App in the Treatment of Pain: The U-Shape Composing Technique
Authors: Guétin Stéphane , Falvay Daniela , Chanques Gérald , Jaber Samir , De Lattre Sylvie , Souche Bruno , Giniès Patrick , Picot Marie-Christine , Hérisson Christian , Brun Luc , De Diego Emmanuelle , Touchon Jacques
Published: November 2020

Numerous studies emphasize the application of music therapy and music medicine in the treatment of pain. The MUSIC CARE© app that was designed at the University Hospital of Montpellier applies the U-shape music composing technique taking into account the available evidence of the literature on relaxation paradigms. The main objective of this article is to summarize recent research on the standardization and evaluation of this new app of music medicine in the treatment of pain. Following a comprehensive review of the literature, a series of controlled, randomized, multi-centered studies were conducted including patients seeking care in such diverse setting as rheumatology, functional rehabilitation, oncology, geriatrics, anesthesiology andintensive care, neurology, obstetrics, pediatrics and general pain treatment. The effect of the MUSIC CARE© app has been evaluated on different types of acute and chronic pain of various origins (i.e. mechanical, inflammatory and neurological fibromyalgia). Physiological effects on hemodynamic and respiratory markers as well as psychological outcomes, including the relationship between care-provider and patient have been emphasized within multiple trials. The MUSIC CARE© app reduces pain, anxiety and depression to a significant degree and decreases the need for anxiolytics and antidepressants. Our first randomized controlled trials demonstrate the benefit of using MUSIC CARE© application in the management of pain. Futuredirections for the use of the app in various settings are discussed.
Music Therapy in China
Authors: Zhang Jing-Wen , Gao Tian , Liu Ming-Ming
Published: November 2020

Music therapy in China has a 30- year history. The pioneers strove to build the training programs and to advocate for the profession. There are music therapy organizations and groups that were established for a variety of different needs and in response to the populations representing the most significant of those needs. The first graduate program of music therapy was started by Prof. Tian Gao at the Central Conservatory of Music in 1997. Currently, 13 music therapy programs in universities have been founded. In recent years, China’s public understanding of music therapy has improved as more trained music therapists have starting work here.  Key words: Music Therapy, China Spanish:La musicoterapia en China tiene una historia de más de 30 años. Los pioneros se esforzaron para construir programas de formación y abogaron por la profesión. Hoy en día se cuentan con organizaciones de musicoterapia y diversos grupos que han sido establecidos en base a una variedad de necesidades diferentes y en respuesta a las poblaciones que representan la mayor parte de ellas. El primer programa de musicoterapia fue iniciado por el Prof. Tian Gao en el Conservatorio Central de Música en 1997. Actualmente se han fundado 13 programas de musicoterapia en diversas universidades. En años recientes, la comprensión del público en general con respecto a la musicoterapia ha mejorado a medida en que más musicoterapeutas capacitados han empezado a trabajar aquí.
Boundaries of the Educational Imagination
Authors: Hugo Wayne
Published: November 2020

The educational imagination is the capacity to think critically beyond our located, daily experiences of education. It breaks away from the immediacy of personal understanding by placing education within wider, deeper and longer contexts.
Boundaries of the Educational Imagination develops the educational imagination by answering six questions:

Each question goes on a journey towards limit points in education so that educational processes can be placed within a bigger framework that allows new possibilities, fresh options and more critical engagement. These questions are then pulled together into a structuring framework enabling the reader to grasp how this complex subject works.
Doctoral Education in South Africa
Authors: Cloete Nico , Mouton Johann , Sheppard Charles
Published: November 2020

Worldwide, in Africa and in South Africa, the importance of the doctorate has increased disproportionately in relation to its share of the overall graduate output over the past decade. This heightened attention has not only been concerned with the traditional role of the PhD, namely the provision of future academics; rather, it has focused on the increasingly important role that higher education - and, particularly, high-level skills - is perceived to play in national development and the knowledge economy.

This book is unique in the area of research into doctoral studies because it draws on a large number of studies conducted by the Centre of Higher Education Trust (CHET) and the Centre for Research on Evaluation, Science and Technology (CREST), as well as on studies from the rest of Africa and the world. In addition to the historical studies, new quantitative and qualitative research was undertaken to produce the evidence base for the analyses presented in the book.The findings presented in Doctoral Education in South Africa pose anew at least six tough policy questions that the country has struggled with since 1994, and continues to struggle with, if it wishes to gear up the system to meet the target of 5 000 new doctorates a year by 2030. Discourses framed around the single imperatives of growth, efficiency, transformation or quality will not, however, generate the kind of policy discourses required to resolve these tough policy questions effectively. What is needed is a change in approach that accommodates multiple imperatives and allows for these to be addressed simultaneously.
Knowledge for a Sustainable World: A Southern African-Nordic contribution
Authors: Halvorsen Tor , Ibsen Hilde , M’kumbuzi Vyvienne RP
Published: November 2020

The search for answers to the issue of global sustainability has become increasingly urgent. In the context of higher education, many universities and academics are seeking new insights that can shift our dependence on ways of living that rely on the exploitation of so many and the degradation of so much of our planet. This is the vision that drives SANORD and many of the researchers and institutions within its network. Although much of the research is on a relatively small scale, the vision is steadily gaining momentum, forging dynamic collaborations and pathways to new knowledge. The contributors to this book cover a variety of subject areas and offer fresh insights about chronically under-researched parts of the world. Others document and critically reflect on innovative approaches to cross-continental teaching and research collaborations. This book will be of interest to anyone involved in the transformation of higher education or the practicalities of cross-continental and cross-disciplinary academic collaboration. The Southern African-Nordic Centre (SANORD) is a network of higher education institutions from Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Botswana, Namibia, Malawi, South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe. Universities in the southern African and Nordic regions that are not yet members are encouraged to join.
The Delusion of Knowledge Transfer: The Impact of Foreign Aid Experts on Policy-making in South Africa and Tanzania
Authors: Koch Susanne , Weingart Peter
Published: November 2020

With the rise of the knowledge for development paradigm, expert advice has become a prime instrument of foreign aid. At the same time, it has been object of repeated criticism: the chronic failure of technical assistance a notion under which advice is commonly subsumed has been documented in a host of studies. Nonetheless, international organisations continue to send advisors, promising to increase the effectiveness of expert support if their technocratic recommendations are taken up. This book reveals fundamental problems of expert advice in the context of aid that concern issues of power and legitimacy rather than merely flaws of implementation. Based on empirical evidence from South Africa and Tanzania, the authors show that aid-related advisory processes are inevitably obstructed by colliding interests, political pressures and hierarchical relations that impede knowledge transfer and mutual learning. As a result, recipient governments find themselves caught in a perpetual cycle of dependency, continuously advised by experts who convey the shifting paradigms and agendas of their respective donor governments. For young democracies, the persistent presence of external actors is hazardous: ultimately, it poses a threat to the legitimacy of their governments if their policy-making becomes more responsive to foreign demands than to the preferences and needs of their citizens.
Cape Town Harmonies: Memory, Humour and Resilience
Authors: Gaulier Armelle , Martin Denis-Constant
Published: November 2020

"Cape Town's public cultures can only be fully appreciated through recognition of its deep and diverse soundscape. We have to listen to what has made and makes a city. The ear is an integral part of the research tools one needs to get a sense of any city. We have to listen to the sounds that made and make the expansive mother city. Various of its constituent parts sound different from each other [T]here is the sound of the singing men and their choirs (teams they are called) in preparation for the longstanding annual Malay choral competitions. The lyrics from the various repertoires they perform are hardly ever written down. [] There are texts of the hallowed Dutch songs but these do not circulate easily and widely. Researchers dream of finding lyrics from decades ago, not to mention a few generations ago back to the early 19th century. This work by Denis Constant Martin and Armelle Gaulier provides us with a very useful selection of these songs. More than that, it is a critical sociological reflection of the place of these songs and their performers in the context that have given rise to them and sustains their relevance. It is a necessary work and is a very important scholarly intervention about a rather neglected aspect of the history and present production of music in the city." Shamil Jeppie, Associate Professor, Department of Historical Studies, University of Cape Town