bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
General Magnetic Field of the Sun as a star (GMF): Variability of the frequency spectrum from cycle to cycle
Authors: Plachinda S. , Pankov N. , Baklanova D.
Published: December 2011

During 42 years of observations the General Magnetic Field of the Sun as a star demonstrates a stable picture of variability with the activity cycle: during maximum activity GMF reaches ∼2 G, and during minimum it reaches ∼0.2 G. The frequencies of prominent peaks in the power spectrum of GMF significantly vary from one cycle of activity to another one. All data folded in phase with the equatorial synodic period ∼26.d9 shows a specific phase curve similar to a dipole with amplitude ∼0.2 G and the absolute ratio of positive to negative magnetic flux ∼0.9. That is, during four decades of observations the excess of the positive magnetic flux is concentrated on the one side of the Sun, the excess of the negative flux is concentrated on the opposite side, and this magnetic field does not reverse its polarity with the 22‐year Hale solar cycle. In the case, when poloidal dipole axis coincides with rotation axis one can see a more complex picture of variability: the power spectrum for GMF values obtained at four minima of activity between 20 and 24 sunspot cycles demonstrates a large difference in relative amplitude of frequencies from the power spectrum for total GMF array and indicates the presence of the quadrupole component. Rough empirical estimation of the upper limit of the mean velocity of the poloidal dipole sign reverse for the Hale cycles from 1749 to 1997 gives 〈V 〉 ≈ 6.85 ± 0.05 m s–1. We suppose the presence of additional weak large‐scale magnetic field on the Sun. The axis of the field lies near the equatorial plane. This weak large‐scale magnetic field reflects properties of the stationary global magnetic field of the solar radiative interior on the surface of the Sun, which appears to be a third large‐scale component of the magnetic field along with known toroidal and poloidal fields (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Direct observation of magnetic cycles in Sun‐like stars
Authors: Morgenthaler A. , Petit P. , Morin J. , Aurière M. , Dintrans B. , Konstantinova‐Antova R. , Marsden S.
Published: December 2011

A sample of 19 solar‐type stars, probing masses between 0.6 and 1.4 solar masses and rotation periods between 3.4 and 43 days, was regularly observed using the NARVAL spectropolarimeter at Telescope Bernard Lyot (Pic du Midi, France) between 2007 and 2011. The Zeeman‐Doppler Imaging technique is employed to reconstruct the large‐scale photospheric magnetic field structure of the targets and investigate its long‐term temporal evolution. We present here the first results of this project with the observation of short magnetic cycles in several stars, showing up a succession of polarity reversals over the timespan of our monitoring. Preliminary trends suggest that short cycles are more frequent for stellar periods below a dozen days and for stellar masses above about one solar mass. The cycles lengths unveiled by the direct tracking of polarity switches are significantly shorter than those derived from previous studies based on chromospheric activity monitoring, suggesting the coexistence of several magnetic timescales in a same star (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
New magnetic CP stars found at the 6‐m telescope
Authors: Kudryavtsev D.O. , Romanyuk I.I. , Semenko E.A. , Yakunin I.A.
Published: December 2011

We present 23 new magnetic and 4 probably magnetic chemically peculiar (CP) stars found with the analyser of circular polarization at the Russian 6‐m telescope in 2006–2011. These new data continue our observing program of searching for magnetic stars (Kudryavtsev et al. 2006) (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Chemical composition of AY Ceti: A flaring, spotted star with a white dwarf companion
Authors: Tautvaišienė G. , Barisevičius G. , Berdyugina S. , Ilyin I. , Chorniy Y.
Published: December 2011

The detailed chemical composition of the atmosphere AY Cet (HD 7672) is determined from a high‐resolution spectrum in the optical region. The main atmospheric parameters and the abundances of 22 chemical elements, including key species such as 12C, 13C, N, and O, are determined. A differential line analysis gives Teff = 5080 K, log g = 3.0, [Fe/H] = –0.33, [C/Fe] = –0.17, [N/Fe] = 0.17, [O/Fe] = 0.05, C/N = 1.58, and 12C/13C = 21. Despite the high chromospheric activity, the optical spectrum of AY Cet provides a chemical composition typical for first ascent giants after the first dredge‐up (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Magnetic properties of three cool CP stars with strong fields
Authors: Semenko E.A. , Kichigina L.A. , Kuchaeva E.Yu.
Published: December 2011

The study of magnetic fields of cool chemically peculiar stars with effective temperatures less than 10 000 K is very important to understand the nature of their magnetism. We present new results of a long‐term spectroscopic monitoring of the well‐known magnetic star HD 178892. The analysis of spectra taken with the Russian 6‐m telescope has revealed a periodic variation of the surface magnetic field from 17 to 23 kG. A revised rotational period of HD 178892 was extracted from the mean longitudinal field: 8.2549 days. We have continued the study of the components of the magnetic binary BD +40°175 started by V. Elkin at SAO RAS. Our measurements of magnetically splitted lines in the spectra of each component show the presence of strong magnetic fields in both components. The surface field in the case of the component A was about 14 kG at three different epochs. The component B possesses a slightly weaker field: Bs varies from 9 to 11 kG. A preliminary analysis of the chemical abundances allows us to make an assumption about the roAp nature of both components of BD +40°175 (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Towards a 3D dynamo model of the PMS star BP Tau
Authors: Bessolaz N. , Brun A.S.
Published: December 2011

Studying how convective and magnetic properties of pre‐main sequence stars change during their evolution towards the zero‐age main sequence is a growing area of research triggered by the development of efficient spectropolarimeters. 3D simulations can help to identify the key parameters to understand the diversity (strength, topology) of magnetic fields observed. We present results of a dynamo computation done with the ASH code for a 0.7 M⊙ pre‐main sequence star with a 7.6 day rotation period which is nearly fully convective, using a realistic stratification contrast to resolve 90 % of the convective zone. This star corresponds to the target star BP Tau already observed with spectropolarimetry (Donati et al. 2008). We particularly compare the magnetic field properties found in our simulation with the observational constraints (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Spot activity of II Peg
Authors: Hackman T. , Mantere M.J. , Jetsu L. , Ilyin I. , Kajatkari P. , Kochukhov O. , Lehtinen J. , Lindborg M. , Piskunov N. , Tuominen I.
Published: December 2011

We have studied the long‐term spot activity of the RS CVn star II Peg by means of Doppler imaging based on spectroscopy and time series analysis of photometry. We present 28 Doppler imaging temperature maps spanning the years 1994–2010, of which 14 were calculated for the present study. The longitudinal spot distribution, derived from the surface temperature maps, is compared with epochs of the light curve minima, derived from photometric observations. We detect a longitudinal drift in the major spot structure during 1995–2003. After this there is a clear decrease in the activity level and no clear drift can be seen. We conclude that the variations could be caused by a cyclic behaviour of the underlying magnetic dynamo (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Dependence of the large‐scale vortex instability on latitude, stratification, and domain size
Authors: Mantere M.J. , Käpylä P.J. , Hackman T.
Published: December 2011

In an earlier study, we reported on the excitation of large‐scale vortices in Cartesian hydrodynamical convection models subject to rapid enough rotation. In that study, the conditions for the onset of the instability were investigated in terms of the Reynolds (Re) and Coriolis (Co) numbers in models located at the stellar North pole. In this study, we extend our investigation to varying domain sizes, increasing stratification, and place the box at different latitudes. The effect of the increasing box size is to increase the sizes of the generated structures, so that the principal vortex always fills roughly half of the computational domain. The instability becomes stronger in the sense that the temperature anomaly and change in the radial velocity are observed to be enhanced. The model with the smallest box size is found to be stable against the instability, suggesting that a sufficient scale separation between the convective eddies and the scale of the domain is required for the instability to work. The instability can be seen upto the colatitude of 30 degrees, above which value the flow becomes dominated by other types of mean flows. The instability can also be seen in a model with larger stratification. Unlike the weakly stratified cases, the temperature anomaly caused by the vortex structures is seen to depend on depth (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Analytic and numerical models of the 3D multipolar magnetospheres of pre‐main sequence stars
Authors: Gregory S.G. , Donati J.‐F.
Published: December 2011

Traditionally models of accretion of gas on to T Tauri stars have assumed a dipole stellar magnetosphere, partly for simplicity, but also due to the lack of information about their true magnetic field topologies. Before and since the first magnetic maps of an accreting T Tauri star were published in 2007 a new generation of magnetospheric accretion models have been developed that incorporate multipole magnetic fields. Three‐dimensional models of the large‐scale stellar magnetosphere with an observed degree of complexity have been produced via numerical field extrapolation from observationally derived T Tauri magnetic maps. Likewise, analytic and magnetohydrodynamic models with multipolar stellar magnetic fields have been produced. In this conference review article we compare and contrast the numerical field extrapolation and analytic approaches, and argue that the large‐scale magnetospheres of some (but not all) accreting T Tauri stars can be well described by tilted dipole plus tilted octupole field components. We further argue that the longitudinal field curve, whether derived from accretion related emission lines, or from photospheric absorption lines, provides poor constrains on the large‐scale magnetic field topology and that detailed modeling of the rotationally modulated Stokes V signal is required to recover the true field complexity. We conclude by examining the advantages, disadvantages and limitations of both the field extrapolation and analytic approaches, and also those of magnetohydrodynamic models (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Differential rotation and meridional flow on the lower zero‐age main sequence: Reynolds stress versus barocinic flow
Authors: Küker M. , Rüdiger G.
Published: December 2011

We study the variation of surface differential rotation and meridional flow along the lower part of the zero age main sequence (ZAMS). We first compute a sequence of stellar models with masses from 0.3 to 1.5 solar masses. We then construct mean field models of their outer convection zones and compute differential rotation and meridional flows by solving the Reynolds equation with transport coefficients from the second order correlation approximation. For a fixed rotation period of 2.5 d we find a strong dependence of the surface differential rotation on the effective temperature with weak surface shear for M dwarfs and very large values for F stars. The increase with effective temperature is modest below 6000 K but very steep above 6000 K. The meridional flow shows a similar variation with temperature but the increase with temperature is not quite so steep. Both the surface rotation and the meridional circulation are solar‐type over the entire temperature range. We also study the dependence of differential rotation and meridional flow on the rotation period for masses. from 0.3 to 1.1 solar masses. The variation of the differential rotation with period is weak except for very rapid rotation. The meridional flow shows a systematic increase of the flow speed with the rotation rate. Numerical experiments in which either the Λ effect is dropped in the Reynolds stress or the baroclinic term in the equation of motion is canceled show that for effective temperatures below 6000 K the Reynolds stress is the dominant driver of differential rotation (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Molecular diagnostic analysis of outbreak scenarios
Authors: Morsink M C. , Dekter H. E. , Dirks‐Mulder A. , van Leeuwen W. B.
Published: December 2011

In the current laboratory assignment, technical aspects of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are integrated in the context of six different bacterial outbreak scenarios. The “Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus Sequence” (ERIC) PCR was used to analyze different outbreak scenarios. First, groups of 2–4 students determined optimal ERIC‐PCR conditions to validate the protocol and subsequently applied ERIC‐PCR to identify genetic relatedness among bacterial strains. Based on these genetic fingerprints, students selected the outbreak cases from the patient samples and assessed the risk factors for the outbreak scenario. Finally, students presented their findings during a classroom presentation. The results indicated that the assignment successfully facilitated student learning on the technical aspects of (ERIC) PCR and clearly demonstrated the practical application of PCR in a clinical diagnostic setting. Additionally, the assignment was highly appreciated by the students.
Enhanced electroporation in plant tissues via low frequency pulsed electric fields: Influence of cytoplasmic streaming
Authors: Asavasanti Suvaluk , Stroeve Pieter , Barrett Diane M. , Jernstedt Judith A. , Ristenpart William D.
Published: December 2011

Pulsed electric fields (PEF) are known to be effective at permeabilizing plant tissues. Prior research has demonstrated that lower pulse frequencies induce higher rates of permeabilization, but the underlying reason for this response is unclear. Intriguingly, recent microscopic observations with onion tissues have also revealed a correlation between PEF frequency and the subsequent speed of intracellular convective motion, i.e., cytoplasmic streaming. In this paper, we investigate the effect of cytoplasmic streaming on the efficacy of plant tissue permeabilization via PEF. Onion tissue samples were treated with Cytochalasin B, a known inhibitor of cytoplasmic streaming, and changes in cellular integrity and viability were measured over a wide range of frequencies and field strengths. We find that at low frequencies (f < 1 Hz), the absence of cytoplasmic streaming results in a 19% decrease in the conductivity disintegration index compared with control samples. Qualitatively, similar results were observed using a microscopic cell viability assay. The results suggest that at low frequencies convection plays a statistically significant role in distributing more conductive fluid throughout the tissue, making subsequent pulses more efficacious. The key practical implication is that PEF pretreatment at low frequency can increase the rate of tissue permeabilization in dehydration or extraction processes, and that the treatment will be most effective when cytoplasmic streaming is most active, i.e., with freshly prepared plant tissues. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2012
The laryngeal saccule: Clinical significance
Authors: Porter Paul W. , Vilensky Joel A.
Published: December 2011

The association between the laryngeal saccule and a laryngocele is an important clinical relationship. Here, we describe this and other clinical correlations of the saccule including infection and carcinoma and suggest that these should be discussed in medical gross anatomy courses. We also briefly present some descriptive information on the anatomy and function of the saccule in humans and other higher primates. Clin. Anat. 25:647–649, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tendon impingement of the extensor digiti minimi: Clinical cases series and cadaveric study
Authors: Yoo Moon‐Jib , Chung Kyung‐Tae , Kim Jong‐Pil , Kim Myeung‐Ju , Lee Kyung‐Joon
Published: December 2011

The authors describe two unique clinical cases of closed extensor digiti minimi (EDM) tendon injuries after hyperflexion of the wrist with full finger flexion and one case of chronic tenosynovitis around the EDM tendon. All three cases were thought to be related to the bifurcation of the EDM tendon and synovial septum. Subsequently, variations in EDM tendons were investigated in 49 cadaveric hands with a focus on patterns of tendon bifurcation and their relationships with the surrounding synovial sheath. The EDM tendon was found to be bifurcated in 74% (n = 36) of hands and all of these hands contained a synovial septum. In 9 (25%) hands, the EDM tendon bifurcated proximal to the retinaculum, in 15 (42%), it bifurcated distal to the retinaculum, and in the other 12 hands (33%), the tendon bifurcated at the retinacular level. In 6 of the 15 hands with an infraretinacular bifurcation, the tendon was found to impinge on the synovial septum during passive flexion of the wrist with full finger flexion, and the mean distance between the synovial septum and the bifurcation point in these specimens was 0.6 cm (range, 0.4–0.7 cm), which was differed significantly from hands not showing impingement (P = 0.01). This study shows that distal bifurcation of the EDM tendon may lead to tendon impingement on the septum and suggests that this is a potential etiology of chronic tenosynovitis of the fifth compartment and of acute closed tendon injuries. Clin. Anat. 25:755–761, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
End products of lipid peroxidation in erythrocyte membranes in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Skoumalová Alice , Mádlová Pavla , Topinková Eva
Published: December 2011

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is accompanied by oxidative stress in the brain. Because the brain tissue is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, it is prone to the free radical attack resulting in lipid peroxidation. Intermediates of lipid peroxidation may diffuse from the primary site, cross the blood–brain barrier and modify erythrocyte membranes in the bloodstream. We exposed isolated erythrocyte membranes from patients with AD and the control group to in vitro free radical damage and monitored the accumulation of the end products of lipid peroxidation, lipofuscin‐like pigments (LFPs), by fluorescence spectroscopy. LFPs were analyzed by means of tridimensional and synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy. The levels of LFP formed during in vitro peroxidation were significantly higher in erythrocyte membranes from patients with AD compared with the control group. Furthermore, the chemical composition of LFP in AD was different from the control group. The analysis of the specific modifications of erythrocyte membranes in AD is of great medical importance regarding the need of a diagnostic blood biomarker. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of pre‐hospital glycoprotein IIb–IIIa inhibitors on angiographic outcome in STEMI patients who are candidates for primary PCI
Authors: Hermanides Renicus S. , van Werkum J. Wouter , Ottervanger Jan Paul , Breet Nicoline J. , Gosselink A.T. Marcel , van Houwelingen K. Gert , Dambrink Jan‐Henk E. , Hamm Christian , ten Berg Jurrien M. , van 't Hof Arnoud W.J. ,   On behalf of the Ongoing Tirofiban In Myocardial infarction Evaluation (On‐TIME) 2 study group
Published: December 2011

Objectives: Aim of this study was to assess the effect of early initiation of high bolus dose tirofiban on top of dual antiplatelet therapy on angiographic outcome before and after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in ST‐elevation myocardial infraction patients. Background: Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors are effective inhibitors of platelet aggregation, and have shown to reduce thrombotic complications in patients undergoing PCI. Methods: This is a pre‐specified angiographic analysis of the On‐TIME 2 trial (N = 984) and its open label run‐in phase (N = 414). All angiographic parameters, including quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) were performed in an independent angiographic core lab. Results: Of the 1,398 patients, 709 patients (50.7%) were randomized to pre‐hospital tirofiban. An open infarct related vessel (TIMI 2 or 3 flow) at initial angiography was more often present in the tirofiban group as compared to the no tirofiban group (58.3% vs. 49.7%, P = 0.002). Tirofiban also reduced initial thrombus burden (P for trend = 0.035) as well as thrombus grade 5 (46.9% vs. 54.3%, P = 0.016) and showed a trend toward a reduction in large thrombus burden (LTB) (69.4% vs. 74.5%, P = 0.055). After PCI, a trend towards a lower corrected TIMI frame count (cTFC) in the tirofiban group was found. A significant interaction was found with time of initiation of study drug, with highest efficacy of tirofiban when given within 76 min after symptom onset, with a significantly lower cTFC after PCI (21.9 ± 17.6 vs. 23.9 ± 18.5, P = 0.008, P for interaction P = 0.006). Conclusion: In patients undergoing primary PCI, pre‐hospital administration of tirofiban reduces initial thrombus burden and improves initial patency of the infarct related vessel before PCI. Initiation of tirofiban seems to be most effective when given very early after the onset of symptoms; however, this finding needs confirmation in other studies. Clinical trial registration: The On‐TIME 2 trial is registered, at http://isrctn.org, number ISRCTN06195297. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Transcatheter closure of the perimembranous ventricular septal defect—preclinical trial of a new amplatzer device
Authors: Bass John L. , Gruenstein Daniel
Published: December 2011

Objectives: This study assessed the feasibility and efficacy of implanting a new nitinol device for closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defects in a swine model. Background: Perimembranous ventricular septal defect occurs in 80% of patients requiring treatment for congenital heart disease. Methods: The Amplatzer perimembranous ventricular septal occluder device (pmVSO2 device, AGA Medical Company, Plymouth MN) is a new transcatheter Nitinol device containing polyester fabric designed to close the perimembranous ventricular septal defect (VSD). The device has 75% reduction in radial force, 45% reduction in clamping force, and increased stability as compared to the previous version. The device was implanted in six swine with naturally occurring perimembranous VSD with immediate, 1, 7, ∼30, and ∼90 day followup by echocardiography, angiography, and final pathological examination. Results: The device was successfully implanted in all animals and was retrievable and repositionable. There was complete occlusion of the VSD in five of six cases without embolization. There was no thrombus formation on the device or occurrence of complete heart block. A single instance of a tiny residual shunt was attributed to capture of tricuspid valve apparatus. Conclusions: The success of this animal study confirms safety and feasibility of the Amplatzer pmVSO2 device. Human trials are planned. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Catalytic Hydrogenation with Frustrated Lewis Pairs: Selectivity Achieved by Size‐Exclusion Design of Lewis Acids
Authors: Erős Gábor , Nagy Krisztina , Mehdi Hasan , Pápai Imre , Nagy Péter , Király Péter , Tárkányi Gábor , Soós Tibor
Published: December 2011

Catalytic hydrogenation that utilizes frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) catalysts is a subject of growing interest because such catalysts offer a unique opportunity for the development of transition‐metal‐free hydrogenations. The aim of our recent efforts is to further increase the functional‐group tolerance and chemoselectivity of FLP catalysts by means of size‐exclusion catalyst design. Given that hydrogen molecule is the smallest molecule, our modified Lewis acids feature a highly shielded boron center that still allows the cleavage of the hydrogen but avoids undesirable FLP reactivity by simple physical constraint. As a result, greater latitude in substrate scope can be achieved, as exemplified by the chemoselective reduction of α,β‐unsaturated imines, ketones, and quinolines. In addition to synthetic aspects, detailed NMR spectroscopic, DFT, and 2H isotopic labeling studies were performed to gain further mechanistic insight into FLP hydrogenation.
Analysis of NAD 2D‐NMR Spectra of Saturated Fatty Acids in Polypeptide Aligning Media by Experimental and Modeling Approaches
Authors: Serhan Zeinab , Borgogno Andrea , Billault Isabelle , Ferrarini Alberta , Lesot Philippe
Published: December 2011

The overall and detailed elucidation (including the stereochemical aspects) of enzymatic mechanisms requires the access to all reliable information related to the natural isotopic fractionation of both precursors and products. Natural abundance deuterium (NAD) 2D‐NMR experiments in polypeptide liquid‐crystalline solutions are a new, suitable tool for analyzing site‐specific deuterium isotopic distribution profiles. Here this method is utilized for analyzing saturated C14 to C18 fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs), which are challenging because of the crowding of signals in a narrow spectral region. Experiments in achiral and chiral oriented solutions were performed. The spectral analysis is supplemented by the theoretical prediction of quadrupolar splittings as a function of the geometry and flexibility of FAMEs, based on a novel computational methodology. This allows us to confirm the spectral assignments, while providing insights into the mechanism of solute ordering in liquid‐crystalline polypeptide solutions. This is found to be dominated by steric repulsions between FAMEs and polypeptides.
Comparison of Vascular Remodeling in Patients Treated With Sirolimus‐Versus Zotarolimus‐Eluting Stent Following Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Kang Ki‐Woon , Ko Young‐Guk , Shin Dong‐Ho , Kim Jung‐Sun , Kim Byeong‐Keuk , Choi Donghoon , Jang Yangsoo , Hong Myeong‐Ki
Published: December 2011

Background:

The differences in the vascular response to stent implantation or in the incidence of late acquired stent malapposition among different types of drug‐eluting stents are not well known in patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI).

Hypothesis:

The pattern of vascular remodeling and degree of neointimal proliferation were different depending on the different types of drug‐eluting stents.

Methods:

This study used intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) to investigate vascular remodeling in patients treated with implantation of sirolimus‐eluting stents (SESs) vs zotarolimus‐eluting stents (ZESs) following acute MI. The study population consisted of 100 patients with acute MI who were treated either with SES (n = 41) or ZES (n = 59) and underwent both poststenting and 9‐month follow‐up IVUS examination. Serial vascular changes surrounding stented segments were compared between SES‐ and ZES‐treated lesions.

Results:

Percentage of neointimal volume obstruction at follow‐up was significantly smaller in SES‐treated compared to ZES‐treated lesions (2.8 ± 7.1% vs 18.1 ± 15.7%, respectively; P < 0.001). However, positive vascular remodeling, which was defined as greater than 10% increase in external elastic membrane volume index (31.7% vs 10.2%, respectively, P = 0.007), and late acquired stent malapposition (12.0% vs 0%, respectively, P = 0.006 ) occurred more frequently in SES‐treated than in ZES‐treated lesions.

Conclusions:

The pattern of vascular remodeling, including positive remodeling, late acquired stent malapposition, and degree of neointimal proliferation might be different depending on the different types of drug‐eluting stents in patients with acute MI. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Ki‐Woon Kang, MD, and Young‐Guk Ko, MD, contributed equally to this manuscript.

This study was partly supported by grants of the Korea Healthcare Technology R&D Project, Ministry for Health, Welfare and Family Affairs, Republic of Korea (No. A085012 and A102064); the Korea Health 21 R&D Project, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Republic of Korea (0412‐CR02‐0704‐0001 and No. A085136); and the Cardiovascular Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea. The authors have no other funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.

Additional supporting information may be found in the online version of this article.
Adsorption of Metal Ions onto the Chemically Modified Agricultural Waste
Authors: Senthil Kumar Ponnusamy , Ramalingam Subramaniam , Abhinaya Ramasundaram Vijayakumar , Kirupha Selvaraj Dinesh , Murugesan Arukkani , Sivanesan Subramanian
Published: December 2011

This paper discusses about the adsorption of metal ions such as Cu(II), Cd(II), Zn(II), and Ni(II) from aqueous solution by sulfuric acid treated cashew nut shell (STCNS). The adsorption process depends on the solution pH, adsorbent dose, contact time, initial metal ions concentration, and temperature. The adsorption kinetics was relatively fast and equilibrium was reached at 30 min. The adsorption equilibrium follows Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacity values of the modified cashew nut shell (CNS) for metal ions were 406.6 mg/g for Cu(II), 436.7 mg/g for Cd(II), 455.7 mg/g for Zn(II), and 456.3 mg/g for Ni(II). The thermodynamic study shows the adsorption of metal ions onto the STCNS was spontaneous and exothermic in nature. The kinetics of metal ions adsorption onto the STCNS followed a pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model. The external mass transfer controlled metal ions removal at the earlier stages and intraparticle diffusion at the later stages of adsorption. A Boyd kinetic plot confirms that the external mass transfer was the slowest step involved in the adsorption of metal ions onto the STCNS. A single‐stage batch adsorber was designed using the Langmuir adsorption isotherm equation.
The Seashell Wastes as Biosorbent for Reactive Dye Removal from Textile Effluents
Authors: Suteu Daniela , Bilba Doina , Aflori Magdalena , Doroftei Florica , Lisa Gabriela , Badeanu Marinela , Malutan Teodor
Published: December 2011

This study investigates structural and adsorption properties of the powdered waste shells of Rapana gastropod and their use as a new cheap adsorbent to remove reactive dye Brilliant Red HE‐3B from aqueous solutions under batch conditions. For the powder shells characterization, solubility tests in acidic solutions and X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform IR spectroscopy (FT‐IR) and thermogravimetric analyses were performed. The results revealed that the adsorbent surface is heterogeneous consisting mainly from calcium carbonate layers (either calcite or aragonite) and a small amount of organic macromolecules (proteins and polysaccharides). The dye adsorptive potential of gastropod shells powder was evaluated as function of initial solution pH (1–5), adsorbent dose (6–40 g L−1), dye concentration (50–300 mg L−1), temperature (5–60°C), and contact time (0–24 h). It was observed that the maximum values of dye percentage removal were obtained at the initial pH of solution 1.2, shells dose of 40 g L−1, dye initial concentration of 50–50 mg L−1 and higher temperatures; the equilibrium time decreases with increasing of dye concentration. It is proved that the waste seashell powder can be used as low cost bioinorganic adsorbent for dyes removal from textile wastewaters.
Corporate Social Responsibility in the Chinese Forest Industry: Understanding Multiple Stakeholder Perceptions
Authors: Wang Lei , Juslin Heikki
Published: December 2011

The stakeholder theory is a useful tool for collecting and evaluating corporate social responsibility (CSR) data. Using a multistakeholder approach, we have succeeded in evaluating the CSR performance of the Chinese forest industry. In all, 810 observations have been made using a quantitative research method. This study contributes in three aspects. (1) The findings demonstrate that the stakeholder theory is a useful tool for collecting and evaluating CSR data. (2) We have systemically studied CSR issues in the Chinese forest sector, finding that the Chinese forest industry performs slightly better in its economic responsibility than environmental and social responsibilities. (3) Its results provide strong empirical evidence to suggest that values have a significant effect on the stakeholder perception of CSR performance. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
The dynamic nitric oxide pattern in developing cuttlefish Sepia officinalis
Authors: Mattiello Teresa , Costantini Maria , Di Matteo Bruna , Livigni Sonia , Andouche Aude , Bonnaud Laure , Palumbo Anna
Published: December 2011

Background: Nitric oxide (NO) is implied in many important biological processes in all metazoans from porifera to chordates. In the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis NO plays a key role in the defense system and neurotransmission. Results: Here, we detected for the first time NO, NO synthase (NOS) and transcript levels during the development of S. officinalis. The spatial pattern of NO and NOS is very dynamic, it begins during organogenesis in ganglia and epithelial tissues, as well as in sensory cells. At later stages, NO and NOS appear in organs and/or structures, including Hoyle organ, gills and suckers. Temporal expression of NOS, followed by real‐time PCR, changes during development reaching the maximum level of expression at stage 26. Conclusions: Overall these data suggest the involvement of NO during cuttlefish development in different fundamental processes, such as differentiation of neural and nonneural structures, ciliary beating, sensory cell maintaining, and organ functioning. Developmental Dynamics 241:390–402, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Involving the Public in Catchment Management: An Analysis of the Scope for Learning Lessons from Abroad
Authors: Benson David , Jordan Andrew , Huitema Dave
Published: December 2011

Scholars have tended to treat the European Union (EU) as an environmental ‘leader’. Yet significant potential nonetheless exists for it to learn lessons in areas such as water policy where it has a long and successful history of involvement. The EU's Water Framework Directive (2000) imposes potentially far reaching requirements on its Member States to enhance public participation in the process of catchment management. However, to date, its implementation has been highly variable across and even within individual states. As the EU starts to revise the original Directive, thoughts will turn to how the current situation could be improved. One potentially productive avenue, which has not yet been fully explored, is to draw lessons on public participation from comparable multi‐levelled governance contexts such as in the USA and Australia, where public engagement has arguably been more advanced. Drawing on theoretical accounts of the most likely facilitators and obstacles to lesson drawing, this paper assesses the scope for transfer. It finds that while the EU could potentially learn from these jurisdictions, there are likely to be significant obstacles in practice. These should be born in mind by would‐be policy learners. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Macrophages participate in IL‐17‐mediated inflammation
Authors: Barin Jobert G. , Baldeviano G. Christian , Talor Monica V. , Wu Lei , Ong SuFey , Quader Farhan , Chen Ping , Zheng Dongfeng , Caturegli Patrizio , Rose Noel R. , C̆iháková Daniela
Published: December 2011

The involvement of macrophages (MΦs) in Th17‐cell responses is still poorly understood. While neutrophils are thought to be the predominant effector of Th17‐cell responses, IL‐17 is also known to induce myelotropic chemokines and growth factors. Other T‐cell‐derived cytokines induce non‐classical functions, suggesting that IL‐17 sigxnaling may similarly elicit unique MΦ functions. Here, we characterized the expression of subunits of the IL‐17 receptor on primary murine MΦs from different anatomical compartments. The greatest expression of IL‐17 receptors was observed on mucosal Ly6Chi "inflammatory" MΦs. We further observed upregulation of IL‐17 receptors in vitro on bone marrow‐derived macrophages (BMMΦs) in response to peptidoglycan or CpG oligonucleotide stimuli, and in vivo, upon CFA administration. Macrophages expressing IL‐17 receptors were observed infiltrating the hearts of mice with myocarditis, and genetic ablation of IL‐17RA altered MΦ recruitment. Treating primary MΦs from a wide variety of different anatomic sources (as well as cell lines) with IL‐17A induced the production of unique profiles of cytokines and chemokines, including GM‐CSF, IL‐3, IL‐9, CCL4/MIP‐1β and CCL5/RANTES. IL‐17A also induced production of IL‐12p70; IL‐17‐signaling‐deficient MΦs elicited diminished IFN‐γ production by responding DO11.10 CD4+ T cells when used as APCs. These data indicate that MΦs from different anatomic locations direct IL‐17‐mediated responses.
Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Unusual Four‐Membered Metallacycles from Reactions of Group 4 Metallocene Bis(trimethylsilyl)acetylene Complexes with the Sulfurdiimide Me3SiN=S=NSiMe3
Authors: Kaleta Katharina , Ruhmann Martin , Theilmann Oliver , Roy Subhendu , Beweries Torsten , Arndt Perdita , Villinger Alexander , Jemmis Eluvathingal D. , Schulz Axel , Rosenthal Uwe
Published: December 2011

The use of the sulfurdiimide RN=S=NR′ (R = R′ = SiMe3, 3) in reactions with group 4 metallocene bis(trimethylsilyl)acetylene complexes of the type [Cp2M(L)(η2‐Me3SiC2SiMe3)] (1: M = Ti, no L; 2: M = Zr, L = pyridine) has led to the formation of four‐membered metallacycles 4M containing the group 4 metal, nitrogen and sulfur. DFT calculations performed on compound 4Ti indicate that this complex is best described as a σ‐complex with cyclic delocalisation of the ring electrons. Moreover, pseudo‐Jahn–Teller distortion plays a significant role in stabilising this complex.
Virgin rapeseed oils obtained from different rape varieties by cold pressed method – their characteristics, properties, and differences
Authors: Tynek Maria , Pawłowicz Roman , Gromadzka Justyna , Tylingo Robert , Wardencki Waldemar , Karlovits Gyorgy
Published: December 2011

The aim of the present study was to compare different rape varieties. For this purpose oil from six different varieties of rapeseeds was cold pressed under laboratory conditions. In the obtained rapeseed oils the fatty acids composition and minor components, characteristic values (acid value; AV and TOTOX), oxidative stability (DSC test), and volatiles were determined and a sensory evaluation was carried out. The highest oxidative stability was found for oil from sample 5 (IP = 158 min), which also has the lowest amount of C18:3 (7.8%), chlorophylls (0.083 mg/kg), and metals (Cu2+ 0.02 mg/kg and Fe2+ 0.08 mg/kg). This oil has also the lowest AV (0.17 mg KOH/g), which may be related to the lowest moisture content of the seeds prior to extraction. It was characterized by the highest rapeseed flavor intensity. The lowest induction period was observed for samples 3 and 6 (100 min). Although sample 3 had the same low level of metals as sample 5 and the highest concentration of tocopherols (635 mg/kg), PUFA (33.9%), and AV (1.37 mg KOH/g) it also had the lowest intensity of rapeseed flavor among the analyzed oils. Sample 6, despite its low percentage of PUFA (24.7%), conjugated diens and triens, and the lowest content of total volatiles (0.4Vs), had the highest concentration of metals (Cu2+ 0.04 mg/kg and Fe2+ 0.34 mg/kg).
A finite element variational multiscale method for incompressible flows based on the construction of the projection basis functions
Authors: Yu Jiaping , Zheng Haibiao , Shi Feng
Published: December 2011

In this article, we present a finite element variational multiscale (VMS) method for incompressible flows based on the construction of projection basis functions and compare it with common VMS method, which is defined by a low‐order finite element space Lh on the same grid as Xh for the velocity deformation tensor and a stabilization parameter α. The best algorithmic feature of our method is to construct the projection basis functions at the element level with minimal additional cost to replace the global projection operator.

Finally, we give some numerical simulations of the nonlinear flow problems to show good stability and accuracy properties of the method. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Effect of 80 dB Environmental Noise on Control of Posture in Healthy Young Adults
Authors: Bateni H. , Vaizasatya A. , Blaschak M. J.
Published: December 2011

The ability to control movement of the center of mass (COM) plays a vital role in control of posture. Traditionally, visual, vestibular, and somatosensory systems are considered sources of information provided to the central nervous system to control posture. Recently, other environmental stimuli that can indirectly affect postural control have been taken into consideration. One in particular is excessive environmental noise that may exist in some working conditions (e.g., construction sites, assembly lines, food‐processing plants). We examined postural performance of 16 healthy young adults (21 to 26 years old) while being exposed to a computer‐generated 80‐dB intermittent white noise. Participants were tested for their ability to keep their COM static in three conditions of eyes open‐static platform (SEO), eyes closed‐static platform (SEC), and eyes open‐dynamic platform (DYN). Their limits of stability (LOS) also were tested to identify their ability to shift their COM to the borders of an area representing 50% of their base of support. Our results indicated that white noise at the level of 80 dB does not influence either the ability to hold the COM static or the precision to shift COM toward the borders of the base of support. We concluded that environmental noise at the level of 80 dB does not have a short‐term effect on postural control in a normal standing posture. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Coordination and Task Interdependence during Schedule Adaptation
Authors: de Snoo Cees , van Wezel Wout
Published: December 2011

This article discusses the influence of organizational and behavioral variables on coordination between planners during plan adaptation. Fast communication and mutual alignment are necessary to maintain schedule feasibility in a situation with several schedulers. Therefore, coordination modes are required that facilitate communication and joint problem solving. Moreover, building on interdependence theory, we hypothesize that the schedulers' perceptions of task interdependence influence rescheduling performance. Experimental results indicate that a group decision‐making coordination mode enforcing cooperation outperforms a distributed decision‐making coordination mode involving emergent alignment. The level of perceived task interdependence explains this better performance. Therefore, perceptions of task interdependence are put forward as an important behavioral factor influencing rescheduling performance, with several important implications for theory and practice. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Calibration of hydrological models in ungauged basins based on satellite radar altimetry observations of river water level
Authors: Sun Wenchao , Ishidaira Hiroshi , Bastola Satish
Published: December 2011

This paper proposes a new orientation to address the problem of hydrological model calibration in ungauged basin. Satellite radar altimetric observations of river water level at basin outlet are used to calibrate the model, as a surrogate of streamflow data. To shift the calibration objective, the hydrological model is coupled with a hydraulic model describing the relation between streamflow and water stage. The methodology is illustrated by a case study in the Upper Mississippi Basin using TOPEX/Poseidon (T/P) satellite data. The generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation (GLUE) is employed for model calibration and uncertainty analysis. We found that even without any streamflow information for regulating model behavior, the calibrated hydrological model can make fairly reasonable streamflow estimation. In order to illustrate the degree of additional uncertainty associated with shifting calibration objective and identifying its sources, the posterior distributions of hydrological parameters derived from calibration based on T/P data, streamflow data and T/P data with fixed hydraulic parameters are compared. The results show that the main source is the model parameter uncertainty. And the contribution of remote sensing data uncertainty is minor. Furthermore, the influence of removing high error satellite observations on streamflow estimation is also examined. Under the precondition of sufficient temporal coverage of calibration data, such data screening can eliminate some unrealistic parameter sets from the behavioral group. The study contributes to improve streamflow estimation in ungauged basin and evaluate the value of remote sensing in hydrological modeling. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cadmium a metalloestrogen: are we convinced?
Authors: Silva Nalinda , Peiris‐John Roshini , Wickremasinghe Rajitha , Senanayake Hemantha , Sathiakumar Nalini
Published: December 2011

Metalloestrogens are inorganic metal ions that bind to and activate oestrogen receptors. They are implicated in the aetiology of oestrogen‐dependent diseases such as cancers of the breast and endometrium as well as endometriosis. Cadmium is one of the most studied metalloestrogens. In this review, scientific evidence for the oestrogenic effects of cadmium is critically evaluated to determine if there is sufficient evidence to support cadmium as an aetiological factor of oestrogen‐dependent disease in humans. Results of the review indicated that, although the in vitro and in vivo evidence of the oestrogenic properties of cadmium was persuasive, evidence from population‐based human studies remains conflicting. Considerable knowledge gaps exist on the potential oestrogenic effect of cadmium in humans. Research that focuses on bridging these knowledge gaps would be useful in preventing and managing oestrogen‐dependent disease in humans. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collagen‐immobilized patch for repairing small tympanic membrane perforations: In vitro and in vivo assays
Authors: Farhadi Mohammad , Mirzadeh Hamid , Solouk Atefeh , Asghari Alimohamad , Jalessi Maryam , Ghanbari Hadi , Yazdanifard Parin
Published: December 2011

Tympanic membrane (TM) perforation is still one of the most common otology complications. New designs of biomaterials, and lately tissue‐engineered composites and grafts, have thoroughly revolutionized the management of TM perforation. In this study, we examined a biologically modified collagen‐immobilized polydimethyl siloxane patch to repair TM perforation. In vitro potential of the aforementioned patch as a scaffold to support fibroblast cell growth and adhesion was assessed. An in vivo assay of the patch for initiating repair of TM perforations also was investigated. In vitro assay showed that the patch has significantly increased cell adhesion and growth in comparison with unmodified ones (p < 0.05). In vivo study also showed an overall closure rate of TM perforation of 70% and an average gain of 15.75 ± 4.29 dB in air‐bone gap. This study shows that the preliminary in vivo evaluation of a modified siloxane patch in humans had promising results and is comparable to existing biomaterial patches. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2012.