bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study the effect of Canagliflozin in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled on maximum dose of three oral hypoglycemic agents
Authors: Dhone P. G. , Padmni Sahu , Rahul Gulati , Faheem Mohd Mubeen
Published: July 2022

Metformin is the first- line pharmacotherapeutic agent implemented after life style modification to achieve the desired glycemic levels in patient with T2DM. [4] However, Metformin alone in many patients fail to maintain the desired glycemic levels in long term and they will require additional combination therapies.[5] Even though effective initially , agents included in the class of sulfonylurea has common side effects like hypoglycemia and weight gain.[6] It is also observed that drugs acting on pancreatic β cells will cause early exhaustion of β cells and the use of agents that utilize the insulin dependent pathways. After the analysis of data collected at the end of the study it was found that there was a significant reduction in fasting and post prandial blood sugar levels, HbA1c value and body weight. Along with these benefits few adverse effect including simple urinary tract infection, genital mycotic infection were recorded, these ADRs were mild and symptoms subsided after routine treatment.
Indian government school students’ perceptions of linguistic gains from novels prescribed by CBSE for ix class
Authors: Khatoon Khursheeda
Published: July 2022

This study will give educational practitioners strategies to design and integrate novel reading content purposefully for the students; so that students can develop a positive attitude towards novel reading which will in turn help them to gain linguistically and make study more effective. This study will also through light on the teachers that in order to make students acquire linguistic gains one has to put an eye on few basic factors like students’ comfort level in adopting novel reading; problems they are facing during the reading of a novel; and their satisfaction level after reading the novel. This study will also be of immense help to the school administrators to opt for better curriculum in school so that students develop a positive attitude towards novel reading and attain linguistic gains.
Eva Meyer, Legende sein
Authors: Volkening Heide
Published: July 2022

Review Essay: Eva Meyer, Legende sein
Domus Aurea in-Visibile: dalla ricerca alla fruizione
Authors: Russo Alfonsina
Published: July 2022

Questo contributo intende presentare le attività di studio e di catalogazione dei reperti rinvenuti nella Domus Aurea. Si tratta di un intervento che rientra in un progetto più complessivo del Parco archeologico del Colosseo, finalizzato, in primo luogo, a ricontestualizzare i reperti conservati nei depositi. Il progetto, nella prima fase, ha riguardato lo studio e l’analisi dei frammenti marmorei rinvenuti nella Domus Aurea allo scopo, in prima istanza, di ritrovare quanto resta delle sontuose sculture e delle decorazioni architettoniche che dovevano ornare la reggia di Nerone. E “scavando” nei depositi si è individuato un raffinato capitello di colonna di tipo corinzieggiante in marmo proconnesio, recentemente restaurato e che, insieme ad alcune sculture, sempre pertinenti alla Domus Aurea, è stato posizionato lungo il rinnovato percorso di visita. Il capitello rientra nel gruppo con motivo a lira, che, a partire dall’età augustea, si diffonde su larga scala a Roma e si inserisce nella vasta produzione destinata a soddisfare le esigenze di ostentazione del lusso delle committenze aristocratiche e imperiali. Riveste inoltre un particolare interesse il fatto che se ne conoscano i dati di rinvenimento e un’indicazione cronologica certa, in quanto coerente con il periodo di costruzione della Domus Aurea (64-68 d.C.).
Features of mobile phosphorus accumulation under different systems of agriculture in agricultural landscapes
Authors: Davydiuk H.V. , Shkarivska L.I. , Klymenko I.I. , Dovbash N.I. , Kushсhuk M.A. , Hirnyk V.V.
Published: July 2022

The aim of the article was to establish the features of the phosphorus regime of the soil under different systems of agriculture in the agricultural landscapes of the Right Bank and Left Bank Forest-Steppe in the cultivation of grain crops. The study used the method of agroecological monitoring and laboratory (methods of chemical, physico-chemical analysis using modern methods of atomic absorption spectrophotometry, flame photometry in accordance with the requirements of the quality management system, DSTU 3973-2000). The research was conducted in the right-bank Forest-Steppe on the basis of long-term experiments of departments: technologies of grain crops and technologies of legumes, cereals and oilseeds crops, located within the research fields of NSC «Institute of Agriculture NAAS» (Fastiv district of Kyiv region), and in the left-bank Forest-Steppe on the Panfil Research Station of NSC «IZ NAAN» in a stationary experiment of the department of crop change and agriculture on reclaimed lands for determining the impact of different systems of farming for growing cereals crop in crop rotations and permanent crops. Under the extensive system of agriculture on dark gray podzolic soil and typical chernozem, the development of degradation processes was noted, namely the negative impact on the content of mobile phosphorus compounds, regardless of the method of growing crops. Over more than 30 years of research, periodic application of ameliorants and annual incorporation of plant residues has led to a reduction of more than 1.5 times the amount of mobile phosphorus. The organic system of agriculture, which provided for the introduction of ameliorants and annual incorporation of plant residues at a dose equivalent to 5 t/ha of straw, increased the number of mobile phosphorus compounds by almost 21% compared to 1988 baseline (1988). The introduction of different options for intensive farming systems has increased the amount of mobile phosphorus compounds in the soil by 1.4-2.1 times compared to baseline, during the observation period, 1.4–2.1 times. The largest increase in their number, almost 2.1 times over 30 years, was observed in the variant with the introduction of N105,0P86,3K101,3 per 1 ha of crop rotation area (intensive № 2).
Afrikabilder in Kinder- und Jugendmedien
Authors: Meyer Roger
Published: July 2022

Das Bild, das die westlichen Medien heute von Afrika und afrikanischen Menschen zeichnen, ist immer noch geprägt von Exotismus einerseits und Rückständigkeit und Armut andererseits. Auch an Kinder und Jugendliche adressierte Medien wie Bilderbücher, Jugendbücher, Sachbücher oder Filme zeichnen von der Aufklärung bis in die Gegenwart oft ein konstruiertes „Afrika-Bild“, welches mit Stereotypisierungen durchsetzt ist. Bei dem Versuch verschiedene Repräsentationen indigener Bevölkerung des südlichen Afrika zu analysieren und historisch zu erklären, wird auf den Machtaspekt europäischer Repräsentationsweisen fokussiert, um tradierte Afrikabilder zu hinterfragen.

Der Beitrag widmet sich der Darstellung der Khoisan-Bevölkerungsgruppen in Kinder- und Jugendmedien im Laufe der Zeit. Die Khoikhoi, früher abwertend als „Hottentotten“ bezeichnet, und die San, die bis heute diskriminierend „Buschmänner“ genannt werden, sind dabei seit Peter Kolbs Reisebericht von 1709 ein wiederkehrendes Motiv.
Angst
Authors: Dettmar Ute
Published: July 2022

In keinem anderen Literaturbereich ist das Sortiment des Schauerlichen wohl vielfältiger als in der gegenwärtigen Kinder- und Jugendliteratur: vom Bilderbuch mit seinen unzähligen Monstern über kinderliterarische Horrorserien bis hin zur Fantasy, die sich seit Jahren als Aufmarschgebiet der Untoten – der Zombies, Werwölfe und Vampire – etabliert hat. Die Figuren des Unheimlichen können, so zeigt ein differenzierender Blick auf die Texte, in unterschiedlicher Weise Ängste ansprechen: So bietet die Gestaltung des Schreckens die Möglichkeit, der Angst ins Gesicht zu schauen, sich mit den Dämonen, welche die Kinder verfolgen, auseinanderzusetzen und Möglichkeiten durchzuspielen, sie zu bezwingen. Andererseits lassen sich in der Identifikation mit furchterregenden Monstern auch eigene Ängste lustvoll kompensieren. Die Macht, die Ängste über uns erhalten, und die Fragen danach, wie wir ihnen begegnen (können), sind allerdings nicht nur ein Thema der fantastischen Literatur, sondern auch ein wiederkehrendes Thema in realistischen Texten für Kinder und Jugendliche. Hier werden die Figuren der Angst zu Symbolen des Unbewussten; sie lassen Verunsicherungen und Krisen darstellbar werden. Der Beitrag geht an ausgewählten Beispielen den unterschiedlichen Formen und Funktionen nach, in denen Angst in der Kinder- und Jugendliteratur gestaltet und von Angsterfahrungen erzählt wird, und diskutiert sie in ihren kulturellen und literarischen Kontexten.
Sexualität und Macht
Authors: Rana Marion
Published: July 2022

Make Love, Doktorspiele und Doing It – Sexualität scheint auch in der Jugendliteratur omnipräsent zu sein. Trotz der vordergründigen Konzentration und der Anerkennung sexueller Gefühle Jugendlicher ist die Literatur aber von Unbehagen geprägt: Die jugendlichen Charaktere erfahren ihr sexuelles Verlangen als deviant, als Fremdkörper, der sich ihrer ermächtigt, als äußere Kraft, die sie nicht kontrollieren können. Der Artikel geht vor allem der Frage nach, wie die Darstellung von Sexualität in der aktuellen Jugendliteratur mit sexueller Handlungsgewalt der Hauptfiguren einhergeht: Inwiefern sind die Figuren sexuell selbstbestimmt bzw. unterwerfen sie ihre sexuellen Wünsche gesellschaftlichen Vorgaben? Ein Fokus der Analyse liegt auf den Geschlechtsunterschieden in der Darstellung von Sexualität. Abschliessend widmet sich der Artikel der Frage, wie die Erotisierung von Gewalt und die Darstellung sexueller Grenzüberschreitungen in diesem Zusammenhang einzuordnen sind. Untersucht werden dabei schwerpunktmässig unterschiedliche Werke der Mainstreamliteratur: Stephenie Meyers Twilight, Suzanne Collins‘ The Hunger Games, J. K. Rowlings Harry Potter, Lisa J. Smiths Vampire Diaries und Sue Limbs Jess Jordan-Reihe. Die sexuelle Geschlechtsrollenverteilung in den meisten Romanen ist ausserordentlich traditionell: Die männlichen Charaktere haben die sexuelle Handlungsgewalt, die weiblichen hingegen reagieren lediglich auf die Initiative ihrer Partner (oder den Mangel daran). Twilight stellt dabei die überraschende Ausnahme dar: Trotz der regressiven Sexualmoral und der tradierten Genderrollen in den Romanen ist Bella der sexuell aktive und dominante, traditionell männlich konnotierte Part in der Beziehung mit Edward – eine grosse Ausnahme bei den weiblichen Charakteren. Auch wenn Erotik vielen Werken immanent ist, wird sexuelles Verlangen dabei im Subtext häufig als störende, verstörende Kraft dargestellt, die die Welt der Jugendlichen auf meist unwillkommene Weise durcheinander bringt und ihnen latent psychische und physische Schmerzen zufügt. Indirekt unterstrichen wird dies durch die Existenz zahlreicher Szenen sexueller Gewalt: Nicht nur in den Vampirromanen gehören Vergewaltigungsmythen, sexuelle Übergriffe und Grenzüberschreitungen zum Alltag der Hauptfiguren. Erfüllte und gleichberechtigte Sexualität hingegen ist die grosse Ausnahme in der Mainstream-Jugendliteratur.
Unsinn im Genre-Film
Authors: Borsy Natalie
Published: July 2022

Dass Los Angeles auf der Kinoleinwand regelmässig von Naturkatastrophen und extraterrestrischen Invasionen heimgesucht wird, gehört mittlerweile zum Standardrepertoire des Hollywoodkinos. Doch der Sharknado, ein Tornado voller blutrünstiger Haie, der 2013 im gleichnamigen Film auf den Strand Santa Monicas trifft, sorgte nicht nur im diegetischen Hollywood für Wirbel. Die Geschichte über den ehemaligen Surfchampion Fin, der zusammen mit Freunden und Familie durch die Katastrophe manövriert und diese durch seine heldenhafte Intervention abwenden kann, eroberte das Publikum nicht zuletzt auch dank einer geschickten social media-Werbestrategie im Sturm. Der Umstand, dass die Haie dilettantisch computeranimiert sind und die Handlung totaler Unsinn ist, tat dem Erfolg dabei nicht den geringsten Abbruch – im Gegenteil. Sharknado ist ein trashiger Hybrid aus Katastrophenfilm und creature feature und baut auf von Blockbustern wie Jaws (1975) geprägten Genrekonventionen auf; es ist gerade dieses Spiel mit den Konventionen des Hollywoodkinos, welches den Reiz dieses unsinnigen Spektakels ausmacht. Ist man in der Forschung lange davon ausgegangen, dass Unsinn ein primär literarisches Phänomen ist, wird in diesem Beitrag für die Öffnung des Felds auf das Medium Film plädiert. Denn wie in der Literatur wird auch in Sharknado auf eine höchst formalisierte Sprache zurückgegriffen und spielerisch an die Sprachkompetenz und das Wissen des Publikums appelliert. Anders als bei der Sprache in der Literatur bildete sich genrespezifische Filmsprache des Hollywoodkinos aus den ökonomischen Interessen der Studios heraus, da Genres primär den Zweck hatten, Filme besser vermarktbar zu machen. So es ist es gerade der in Schund-Debatten angeprangerte industrielle Einfluss, der die Filmsprache genug formalisierte und popularisierte, um ein medienkompetentes Publikum zu schaffen, welches Vergnügen an solchem Unsinn haben kann. Darüber hinaus ist es ebenso die Nähe zur Industrie, welche das Wissen über die Produktion solcher Filme zu einem integralen Bestandteil der Medienkompetenz macht. Diese Analyse von Sharknado soll daher zeigen, dass Mechanismen der Popularisierung nicht nur die Grundvoraussetzungen für filmischen Unsinn schaffen, sondern auch für die Mechanismen selbst sensibilisieren.
Zwischen Unschuld, Fantasie und Trauma.
Authors: Stillhard Felicitas
Published: July 2022

Die Kindheit ist als Filmmotiv weit verbreitet und beliebt. Unsere Vorstellungen von Kindheit werden durch filmische Bilder geprägt; diese bestimmen unser Bild von Kindheit massgeblich mit. In den Filmen des US-amerikanischen Kultregisseurs Tim Burton spielen Kinder eine wichtige Rolle und sind mitunter Hauptträger der Handlung. Burtons Kinder sind oft missverstandene Aussenseiter oder Einzelgänger, da sie ‚irgendwie anders‘ sind als ‚normale‘ Kinder und daher ausgegrenzt werden. Ihre Kindheit zeigt Tim Burton als eine Mischung aus Unschuld, Fantasie und Trauma. Dabei behandelt er Erfahrungen von Glück und Leid, Tod und Leben, Exklusion und Inklusion, Konformitätsdruck, Entfremdung und Misstrauen gegenüber Erwachsenen; Imagination und Träume spielen ebenso eine Rolle wie Phantasiewelten als Refugium, und immer wieder werden Kindheitstraumata thematisiert. Die Untersuchung widmet sich den verschiedenen und zum Teil sich widersprechenden Bildern und Vorstellungen vom Kind und von Kindheit in ausgewählten Spielfilmen des Regisseurs Tim Burton. Anhand der Kategorien Unschuld, Fantasie und Trauma werden verschiedene Kindheitsbilder herausgearbeitet und eine Typologie von Burtons Kinderfiguren erstellt.
Erzählende Steine
Authors: Stemmann Anna
Published: July 2022

Die Figur Batman unterliegt seit ihrer Erfindung in den 1930er Jahren einem konstanten Wandel und wurde bis heute in diversen Medien wie Comic, Film oder Hörspiel aufgegriffen und neu inszeniert. Der Aufsatz widmet sich dem daraus resultierenden Seriengedächtnis (Kelleter/Stein) und diskutiert zentrale Mytheme (Lévi-Strauss), um vor dieser Folie den Film LEGO Batman Movie (2017) zu analysieren. Der Film erweist sich als multireferenzielle Konstruktion, die bewusst die intermediale Geschichte der Batman-Figur aufgreift und ausstellt. Immer wieder wird auf frühere Batman-Inszenierungen angespielt und diese Referenzen werden mit der Gegenwart der Figur verknüpft. Zentrale Stellung nehmen dafür die LEGO-Bausteine und die LEGO-Optik des Filmes ein, denn dies verweist metaphorisch auf den Prozess des Zusammensteckens, was hier vor allem als ein erzählerisches Zusammenfügen von Verweisen zu deuten ist. Darüber hinaus parodiert der Film, neben der Figur Batman selbst, immer wieder auch die Mechanismen filmischer Narration. Damit wird der Animationsfilm auch als Beispiel für die sogenannte Mehrfachadressiertheit lesbar, indem auf verschiedene Wissensarchive und Erfahrungshorizonte Bezug genommen wird. Das Setting im Spielzeugkosmos der LEGO-Steine wird damit zum erzählenden Element, um vielschichtige Facetten der Figur Batman auszustellen.
PENERAPAN TEORI HIERARKI KEBUTUHAN MASLOW DALAM PEMBELAJARAN DARING
Authors: Rudiarta I Wayan
Published: July 2022

This study aims to provide an analysis of the application of Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory in online learning. This study uses a qualitative approach with data collection techniques in the form of a literature study. Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that the application of Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory can provide solutions to various obstacles found in the practice of online learning. The fulfillment of physiological needs, the need for security, the need for love and affection, the need for self-esteem, and the need for self-actualization will give students the confidence to keep their motivation in learning. Maintaining motivation which is the driving energy in learning provides space for teachers to be able to carry out learning according to planning so that learning outcomes become more optimal. Through this study, it is hoped that a positive paradigm will begin to build that online learning can be carried out effectively and efficiently so that it can be an option in the implementation of learning not only during the Covid-19 pandemic. Keywords: online learning, learning, motivation, Maslow's theory.
Színházról tanároknak : D. Magyari Imre: Miért jó nekünk, ha színházban megnézzük, hogy másoknak rossz? Külföldi drámák előadásairól. Budapest: Corvina Kiadó, 2020.
Authors: Váradi Ágnes
Published: July 2022

In Why is it good for us to go to the theatre to see that it is wrong for others? About the performance of foreign dramas, the author Imre D. Magyari presents forty-four foreign dramas, with the unique authorial gesture of choosing from plays performed between 2016 and 2020, mostly in Budapest theatres, not as a theatre critic but as a Hungarian language teacher and theatre enthusiast spectator. The writings in this volume are sometimes expanded, sometimes slightly edited versions of his analyses published in Criticai Lapok since 2015. In the volume, the drama and performance analyses are presented in chronological order according to the plays’ date of creation: forming a kind of subjective drama history. The nearly fifty dramatic analyses are a unique combination of several text types, thus, at the same time they offer a description of a performance (lacking the technicality of analysis), a synopsis, a dramatic analysis, a dramatic interpretation, and sometimes essays on theatre or cultural history. If the author’s intentions are well understood, the dramatic interpretations would really be put into practice in teaching, so the volume would be intended as a reference book/source of ideas for teachers.
Mindennapi határértékeink : A figuraszínház dokumentumszínházi lehetőségei a belga „L’Herbe de l’oubli" című előadás elemzésén keresztül
Authors: Varga Nóra
Published: July 2022

In the following paper, through the analysis of the Belgian performance L’Herbe de l’oubli, I examine how the elements of the theatre of figures (such as the manipulation of puppets) could respond to the challenges of documentary theatre. The performance of Point Zéro company (written and directed by Jean-Michel d’Hoop, premiered in 2018) discusses some elemental ethical and political questions about the use of nuclear power. It introduces the audience to the everyday life of families living in the extended zone of Chernobyl. The piece combines videography, puppets, and interview-fragments of the habitants from the contaminated areas. One of my goals is to raise attention to a production I find extremely important and to promote a theatrical genre, the intertwined figure-documentary theatre, that has endless possibilities and is not yet represented in Hungary.
Ethiek bij de afwikkeling van letselschade; ­een groot goed
Authors: Wervelman E.J. , van Es R.
Published: July 2022

Ethiek bij de afwikkeling van letselschade; een groot goed

Ethiek speelt een niet weg te denken rol bij de afwikkeling van letselschade. Er zijn weinig andere werkterreinen waar menselijke en financiële aspecten zo sterk aan privacy raken en soms zelfs door elkaar heen lopen. De GBL is dan ook voor een belangrijk deel gebaseerd op ethiek. Ethisch werken lukt niet altijd ‘zomaar’. Het 3Fasenmodel van morele besluitvorming dat wij uiteenzetten in dit artikel, biedt daarvoor een praktische oplossing.
Current Fragmented Film Festival and its Impact on the Process of Building Film Industry in Ethiopia
Authors: Paulos Aemero
Published: July 2022

This study aimed at examining the current film festivals and filmmaking impact on the process of film company building process in Ethiopia. Thus, in this study qualitative research method was employed. Both primary and secondary sources of data were gathered where the primary data was collected through key informant interviews having 19 film maker participants of the film industry, Directors cinematographers including academicians in Ethiopian Universities in the field of film and Theatre Arts. The secondary date was obtained through books, articles and journals. The data was analyzed by using document and thematic analysis techniques. The study found out that limited or independent film festival preparation, frequent coping from western and European film  festival ideas, ineffective film production systems, loose producers company unity, lack of government support on the national film festival, an increase in film festival conspiracy, the financial, human and material constraints, acceptability gaps, the issue of departure film making action and disintegration weakened the unity and strength of the Ethiopian film festival as a whole thereby pretention obstacle in the film company building process in Ethiopia. Finally, this study recommended that strong Film company institutions are mandatory to gather crumbled Ethiopian film festivals and strength which will in turn amalgamate film corporation & film company formation process in Ethiopia.
PENGARUH TEKNIK AKROSTIK TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN MENULIS PUISI SISWA
Authors: Musfirah Musfirah , Agussalim H. , Kasau M. Nurzin R , Khalik Suhartini , Lanta Jumiati , Saifullah Saifullah
Published: July 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh  teknik akrostik terhadap kemampuan menulis puisi siswa kelas X IPS 2 MA Al-Urwatul Wutsqaa Benteng Kecamatan Baranti Kabupaten Sidenreng Rappang tahun pelajaran 2021. Pendekatan yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian yaitu penelitian eksperimen. Jumlah sampel yang digunakan adalah sebanyak 33 siswa yang diperoleh dari kelas X IPS 2. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, tes (projek menulis puisi) dan dokumentasi. Data yang diperoleh selanjutnya diolah dengan menggunakan analisis statistic inferensial (Uji-t) dengan rumus t.tes. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kelompok siswa yang diajar menulis puisi dengan menerapkan teknik akrostik memperoleh nilai rata-rata 88,176 sedangkan kelompok siswa yang diajar tanpa menerapkan teknik akrostik memperoleh nilai rata-rata 77,062. Setelah dianalisis dengan uji t. test, hasilnya menunjukkan nilai empiris lebih besar dari nilai tabel yaitu 4,084  lebih besar daripada 2,039 pada taraf signifikansi 5% dan 4,084 lebih besar daripada 2,744 pada taraf signifikansi 1% dengan db 31. Hal tersebut menandakan bahwa penggunaan teknik akrostik berpengaruh terhadap kemampuan menulis puisi siswa kelas X IPS 2 MA AL-Urwatul Wutsqaa Benteng Kecamatan Baranti Kabupaten Sidenreng Rappang
Implementation of Thin Layer Chromatography to Detect Dihydroxybenzene Isomers for Cosmetic Product Regulatory Enforcement
Authors: Hanum Hasibuan Anggi Khairina , Permatasari Novita Indah
Published: July 2022

Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), used in forensic analysis, has many advantages: simple, cheap, and efficient. This study aimed to separate dihydroxybenzene isomers in whitening creams in the market and online shops using the BPOM label or not. Of the six eluent mixtures, this research used Toluene: Diethyl Ether: Acetic Acid with a ratio of 80:20:1 after optimization and validation test. In this case, the recovery percentages of resorcinol and hydroquinone were 51-66% and 80-87%. Of the 20 samples tested, 12 whitening creams were added with resorcinol, and 4 were added with hydroquinone. The addition of resorcinol and hydroquinone based on the regulation in Perka BPOM no 18 of 2015 was 5%. Furthermore, 2 out of 20 samples were added with hydroquinone within the regulated threshold, while the remaining 2% were accepted and the other six were undetected. In this case, adding hazardous substances has violated the rules of consumer protection laws and regulations.
Synthesis of Modified TiO₂ Nanocomposite using Fe₃O₄ and Nickel as Photocatalyst in Reduction of Silver Ions
Authors: Pradipta Adya Rizky , Irunsah Aslan
Published: July 2022

The use of TiO2 nanocomposite modified with Fe3O4 dan Ni dopping for silver ion photoreduction has been successfully carried out. In this study, nanocomposites were fabricated through the sol-gel technique. Structure, optical, and magnetic properties were analyzed using XRD, DRUV-Vis, FTIR, and VSM analysis. The XRD pattern revealed the anatase phase of TiO2 and the iron oxide formed was Fe3O4. UV-Vis spectroscopy showed the formation of absorption in the visible region in the presence of Ni doping. The nanocomposite had magnetic properties of 12.6 emu/g with paramagnetic type. TiO2 nanoparticles presented the percentage reduction of Ag ions with UV and Visible light of 82.65% and 21.43%, respectively, while Fe3O4/ TiO2-Ni with UV and Visible light were 80.93% and 90.72%, respectively. Ni-dopped nanocomposites had shown high photocatalytic activity under both UV and Visible irradiation.
Orthosporin, a major component of the fermentation product of Lasiodiplodia theobromae - an endophytic fungus of Musa paradisiaca as a potential antimicrobial agent
Authors: OKEZIE Ugochukwu M. , EZE Peter M. , OKOYE Festus B. C. , ESIMONE Charles O.
Published: July 2022

Endophytic fungi remain an unexplored reservoir of chemical diversity, and have become the primary focus is several bio-prospecting programs. This study was carried out to detect the constituents and bioactivity of the secondary metabolites of an endophytic Lasiodiplodia theobromae associated with Musa paradisiaca. Following standard protocols, the axenic fungus was isolated from healthy leaves of Musa paradisiaca harvested from Agulu, Anambra State, Nigeria. The isolated fungus was characterized using a standard taxonomic identification procedure involving the amplification and sequencing of the ITS region of the DNA. The fungus was subjected to solid state fermentation in rice medium, followed by extraction, chromatographic separation and chemical characterization of its secondary metabolites. The antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiviral and cytotoxic activities of fungal extract was evaluated using standard methods. At a 1 mg/mL, the fungal extract demonstrated inhibitory potentials against Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli with inhibition zone diameters that ranged from 3-7 mm. The extract, at 100 μg/mL, exhibited antioxidant effect having an IC50 of 65.8 µg/mL. The extract showed dose-dependent antiviral properties during the in vitro antiviral assay with 54% and 60% inhibition of reverse transcriptase observed at 0.5 and 1 mg/mL concentrations respectively. Following chromatographic separation and chemical analyses of the fungal metabolite, orthosporin was isolated. This widely known phytotoxic compound, together with other constituents of the fungal secondary metabolites, may have exhibited the observed bioactivities of the fungal extract recorded. Thus, our findings provide additional data on the potentials of endophytic fungi as producers of interesting bio-molecules.
Phylogenetic analysis using SCoT markers and chloroplast trnL intron in some Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. (Rosaceae) populations from the Aegean region of Turkey
Authors: SEVINDIK Emre , DELİBAY Hatice
Published: July 2022

In this study, phylogenetic analyses of some Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. populations based on SCoT marker technique and cpDNA trnL intron sequence analysis were performed. Specimens from the populations were collected from the Aegean region of Turkey and brought to the laboratory for genomic DNA isolation. To determine the phylogenetic analysis of Eriobotrya japonica populations, seven SCoT primers were used. In the SCoT analysis, a total of 54 bands were obtained, 49 of which were polymorphic and 5 were monomorphic. In chloroplast trnL intron region, trnC, trnD primers were used for PCR amplification. Eriobotrya japonica trnL intron sequence lengths were determined to be between 530 and 547 nucleotides. The average nucleotide rate detected as 38.9% for thymine, 18.1% for cytosine, 28.2% for adenine and 14.8% for guanine. Rosaceae family trnL intron sequences belonging to Rhaphiolepis Lindl., Heteromeles M.Roem., Photinia Lindl. Cotoneaster Medik, Sorbus L., Malus Miller, Pyrus L., Prunus L. and Rosa L. were retrieved from NCBI and their phylogenetic relationship with Eriobotrya japonica populations were revealed.  As a result of the study, polymorphism rate was determined as 90.74% in SCoT analysis. According to cpDNA trnL intron results, Eriobotrya japonica populations were identified in the same group with Rhaphiolepis indica, a finding supported by past phylogenetic analyzes.
Integrasi pendidikan islam dan sains dalam pandangan Muhammad Naquib Al Attas
Authors: Mujiburrohman  , M. Erlin Susri
Published: July 2022

This research is in the frame of religion and science in religion. Science and religion are often seen as contradictory. Science comes from empirical practice, religion comes from religious revelations. The figure of Nuqoib al Attas in chapter 20 tries to find a correlation between science and religion. Nuqoib al Attas succeeded in combining science and religion, both in concept and in real practice. This study seeks to find the methodological thinking of Nuqoib al Attas in terms of science and religion. This research is classified as library research with the main ingredients of manuscripts about Naquib al Attas. Data analysis using ethnography with text cultural background. The conclusion comes from the texts generated from the manuscripts found.
Pengaruh pendekatan saintifik dengan media Powerpoint terhadap hasil belajar siswa pada materi ikatan kimia
Authors: Sativa Oryza , Jasmidi
Published: July 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk : (1) Untuk mengetahui apakah peningkatan hasil belajar siswa yang dibelajarkan dengan pendekatan saintifik dengan media PowerPoint lebih tinggi dibandingkan peningkatan hasil belajar siswa yang dibelajarkan dengan model konvensional (2) Untuk mengetahui respon siswa terhadap penerapan pendekatan saintifik dengan media PowerPoint pada pokok bahasan ikatan kimia. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas X MIA SMA Swasta Amir Hamzah Medan, sebanyak 40 siswa. Sampel dalam penelitian ini diambil dengan menggunakan teknik total sampling. Sampel yang diambil dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 2 kelas, yaitu kelas X MIA-1 sebagai kelas eksperimen dan X MIA-2 sebagai kelas kontrol. Kedua kelas diberikan perlakuan yang berbeda, kelas eksperimen dengan pendekatan saintifik dan media PowerPoint, sedangkan kelas kontrol dibelajarkan dengan model konvensional.  Dari hasil posttest diperoleh rata-rata nilai hasil belajar siswa kelas eksperimen sebesar 88,75 dan kelas kontrol sebesar 81,50. Dari hasil N-gain diperoleh persentase peningkatan hasil belajar kelas eksperimen sebesar 84,9% dan kelas kontrol sebesar 76,2%. Berdasarkan nilai perhitungan N-gain peningkatan hasil belajar yang diajarkan dengan pendekatan saintifik dan media PowerPoint lebih tinggi dari pada peningkatan hasil belajar siswa yang diajarkan dengan model konvensional. Respon siswa terhadap pendekatan saintifik dan media PowerPoint pada materi ikatan kimia memiliki persentase 80,25% dan dikategorikan baik
Effects of excessive use of technology on physical health
Authors: Šace Megija , Nystrom Ella , Ļebedeva Elena
Published: July 2022

Excessive use of technology can be linked to an array of negative health effects. This article aims to outline some of the key effects experienced, as well as looking into how people feel about technology and how they deal with any health effects they experience. To gather information regarding the issue, a survey was conducted among 30 participants where they were asked a variety of questions regarding their technology use habits, opinions on the matter and how they deal with health issues. The results show that technology use is placed at a high importance when it comes to daily life, however participants still acknowledged that they feel they spend too much time using technology and do experience negative health effects (primarily headaches, eye strain and neck/shoulder pain). Interestingly, it was also found that treatment for these health effects is not always sought, and that participants don’t always proactively try to mitigate or treat said effects. The results made it clear that while there is an awareness of the negative health effects that are linked to technology use, due to the importance of the role that technology plays in society and how common it is, these effects are sometimes just dealt with as opposed to proactively finding proper treatments or solutions. Institutions offer generally little support in these matters, and while participants largely did not have a strong opinion on the matter, offering support for something that is so prevalent in the lives of everyone would be a great start.
Widening Access to Science-Oriented Programmes in Tertiary Institutions in Ghana Through Distance Education
Authors: Osei Collins Kwabena , Mensah Joseph Addinyia
Published: July 2022

An initiative in Science and Technology disciplines was introduced to expand access to KNUST programmes by distance. This study examined the level of access and challenges faced by learners in science oriented programmes offered by distance in KNUST. Analysis of data from 120 learners and 8 facilitators from three programmes indicated that the top-up programmes by distance increased enrolment and participation of learners. There were high rates of students’ persistence in the various programmes attributed to strong personal determination to succeed in achieving higher academic status, availability of learning materials for courses and support from family members. Lack of time as a result of work activities to delays in receiving course materials among students, and short contact hours to low remuneration for facilitators were challenges faced by respondents.
Bridging Fields at a Critical Time
Authors: Baggaley Jon
Published: July 2022

The Journal of Learning for Development is launched at a critical time in the evolution of technology-based education. Currently, the ‘massive open online course’ is being welcomed as a cost-saver by educators in developed and emerging nations alike. Evaluation studies of MOOC impact, however, do not as yet confirm that courses with massive student numbers and no teachers are universally viable; and MOOC courses and evaluations have not taken developing-country needs into account. The new Journal, with its emphasis on the educational needs of developing as well as developed regions, can help to advise innovations of this type.
What Learning for What Development?
Authors: Daniel John
Published: July 2022

After reviewing the evolution of attitudes to poverty and education we note how it influenced the early provision of schooling and the emergence of a global agenda for international development and universal education. At first this agenda was grounded in the Enlightenment values that inspired the Universal Declaration of Human Rights but economic arguments for reducing poverty and expanding education became more prominent towards the end of the 20th century. Sen’s notion of development as freedom brings these ideas together and will strongly influence the development agenda for the coming decades. Implementing this agenda will require a shift from top-down donor-driven projects to grassroots approaches that take advantage of mobile technologies.
Curriculum Transaction in NIOS: Overcoming the Limitations of Packaged Instructions
Authors: Bose Sutapa
Published: July 2022

Low learning outcomes of Indian schools and the promotion of rote learning by their instructional systems have been documented time and again. Schools are therefore required to adopt India’s National Curriculum Framework (NCF) (2005) that includes guidelines for curriculum transaction. However, the learning outcomes and the kind of learning likely to be promoted by the instructional system of open schools of India, including the National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS) remain excluded from these deliberations. So these two aspects of NIOS have been examined and it has been inferred that the learning outcomes are unsatisfactory; the instructional system is not designed for meaningful learning; and the self learning material used for delivering instructions is a barrier to the adoption of the NCF guidelines. Thereafter it has been proposed that the personal contact programme (PCP) is the only component of the instructional system of NIOS that will lend itself to the adoption of the NCF guidelines, provided it is designed suitably. Subsequently a PCP design based on the NCF directives for organising instructional processes has been suggested.
Department Involvement in Instructional Materials Development for ODL Study at the Zimbabwe Open University (ZOU)
Authors: Tanyanyiwa Vincent Itai , Mutambanengwe Betty
Published: July 2022

The teaching and designing of modules at Zimbabwe Open University (ZOU) is the principal responsibility of a single body of teaching staff although some authors and content reviewers could be sourced from elsewhere if human resources are not available in ZOU. This survey, through a case study, examines the involvement of lecturers and staff in the Department of Geography and Environmental Studies in instructional materials development for open and distance learning (ODL). The study inquired into the time Lecturers spent on module development and writing, their levels of satisfaction with the materials they would have produced, their preferences with regard to teaching and instructional materials development strategies, and their views on how the process of instructional materials development at the university can be improved. The study found out that there is need for more time for materials development, better coordination and planning, greater consultation among colleagues, and adequate support services in instructional materials development for ODL to improve on the quality of modules. The department should be fully involved in instructional materials design and development to be effectively familiar with the ODL mode of learning and the students for whom the materials are intended. There is need for course writers (designers), prior to developing instructional materials, to be allowed to spend time in the regional centres which are located in the ten geo-political regions of Zimbabwe so that they become familiar with the local learning context. One of the main recommendations is that there is need for course writers and content reviewers as well as editors to always undergo constant training in ODL and instructional materials development for ODL.
Policies Regulating the Assignments of the Bachelor of Education Programme of Indira Gandhi National Open University: A Case Study
Authors: Bose Sutapa
Published: July 2022

This case study examines the policies formulated by the Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU), an open and distance learning university of India for regulating the practices related to the assignments of its Bachelor of Education programme. Following the examination it argues that some policies are formulated in the context of the pedagogic significance of assignments in distance education and aim to support learning, while others seem to have been formulated for coping with the financial and administrative limitations imposed by the high enrolment in the programme. It infers that the dichotomy in the policy objectives reflects the diverging perspectives of the policies that have not been reconciled during policy formulation. It also suggests the way the policies that subordinate quality to quantity can be revised.
Mobile Learning: Challenges for Teachers of Indian Open Universities
Authors: Awadhiya Ashish Kumar , Miglani Anshu
Published: July 2022

“Mobile Learning” (m-Learning) has emerged as a trend in the field of Open and Distance Learning (ODL). It is removing the time and geographical barriers for learning by placing learning opportunities at the fingertips of learners. ODL institutes in India are also adopting mlearning in different forms; however, it is not fully implemented due to various reasons. This paper aims to explore possible challenges faced by teachers of Open Universities of India in implementation of m-learning. In this context the teachers of Indian Open Universities were surveyed to identify and rate the intensity of various challenges in the successful implementation of m-learning in the ODL system. The findings from respondents (n = 72) revealed that out of thirteen (13) challenges presented to them, the three most important challenges were: (a) lack of support for instructional design for m-learning; (b) lack of institutional policy for m-learning and (c) lack of infrastructure/technological support. These barriers were extrinsic in nature as they were institution dependent. The least important challenges were found to be: (a) intrusion on personal time due to 24 x 7 access; (b) reluctance to adopt technology and (c) difficulty of use. These barriers were intrinsic in nature as they were person-driven. Challenges of m-learning were found to be the same irrespective of gender. Institutions need to provide adequate institutional support in terms of policy, infrastructure and instructional design for the successful implementation of m-learning.
Learning for Development from within and beyond the Reef: Early implementations of Open Distance Learning and Use of Open Educational Resources (OER) for the Teaching of English in a Small Island State
Authors: Va’ai Emma Kruse
Published: July 2022

The following article examines the beginnings of open distance learning and use of OER by the National University of Samoa Faculty of Education to address an identified national need for more teachers and to improve their quality.  It highlights related challenges in the training of teachers and how different and new modes of learning are not always immediately acceptable and effective for the learners. It also discusses different perceptions related to ODL and OER and the need for policy developments at national and institutional levels for an integrated approach that can lead to sustainability.
Motivations, Achievements, and Challenges of Self-Directed Informal Learners in Open Educational Environments and MOOCs
Authors: Bonk Curtis J. , Lee Mimi Miyoung
Published: July 2022

This research targeted the learning preferences, goals and motivations, achievements, challenges, and possibilities for life change of self-directed online learners enrolled in a massive open online course (MOOC) related to online teaching hosted by Blackboard using CourseSites. Data collection included a 40-item survey of which 159 MOOC respondents completed the close-ended survey items and 49 completed the 15 open-ended survey items. Across the data, it is clear that self-directed online learners are internally motivated and appreciate the freedom to learn and choice that open educational resources provide. People were also motivated to learn informally from personal curiosity and interest as well as professional growth needs and goals for self-improvement. Identity as a learner was positively impacted by informal online learning pursuits. Foreign language skills as well as global, cultural, historical, environmental, and health-related information were among the most desired by the survey respondents. The main obstacles to informal online learning were time, costs associated with technology use, difficulty of use, and lack of quality. Qualitative results, embedded in the findings, indicate that self-directed learners take great pleasure in knowing that they do not have to rely on others for their learning needs. Implications for instructional designers are offered.
Governance of Open Universities — A Few Observations on Trends in Asia
Authors: Kaushik Madhulika , Dhanarajan Gajaraj
Published: July 2022

Like all organisations, good governance is a fundamental requirement for the responsible and accountable management of universities in general and open universities in particular. This is to ensure that these (open) universities remain relevant to their mission of facilitating unfettered access to higher education for citizens and at the same time continue being reliable contributors to personal and institutional developments, the vital ingredients to maintaining sustained national development. While several studies have, in the past, been conducted on governance of universities, almost all of them have centred around conventional, face-to-face institutions. Not much published literature is in evidence on the governance of Open Universities. This paper, drawing from a study on the governance of a few open universities in Asia, tries to discuss the nature of their challenges, and the lessons that can be drawn from their practices and experience. The study focused on aspects relating to institutional autonomies such as curriculum, budgeting and financial management, admission standards, conferment of qualifications, academic staff appointments, development and promotions and research policies. Our findings indicate that, similar to conventional systems, the state plays a crucial role in many aspects of governance both in publicly funded and privately supported institutions. Recent attempts at governance transformation towards greater institutional autonomies is beginning to show limited changes in some but not all jurisdictions studied.