bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Blood granulocyte patterns as predictors of asthma phenotypes in adults from the EGEA study
Authors: Nadif Rachel , Siroux Valérie , Boudier Anne , le Moual Nicole , Just Jocelyne , Gormand Frederic , Pison Christophe , Matran Regis , Pin Isabelle
Published: August 2016

To what extent blood granulocyte patterns may predict asthma control remains under-studied. Our aim was to study associations between blood neutrophilia and eosinophilia and asthma control outcomes in adults.

Analyses were conducted in 474 asthmatics from the first follow-up of the Epidemiological Study on the Genetics and Environment of Asthma (EGEA2), including 242 asthmatics who were adults a decade earlier (EGEA1). At EGEA2, asthma control was assessed using the Global Initiative for Asthma definition (2015), and asthma exacerbations by use of urgent care or courses of oral corticosteroids in the past year. Blood EOSlo/EOShiwas defined as </≥250 eosinophils·mm−3, respectively, and NEUlo/NEUhias </≥5000 neutrophils·mm−3, respectively. Estimates were adjusted for age, sex and smoking.

At EGEA2, NEUhiwas associated with asthma exacerbations and poor asthma control (OR >2.10). EOShiwas associated with higher bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) (OR (95% CI) 2.21 (1.24–3.97)), poor lung function (p=0.02) and higher total IgE level (p=0.002). Almost 50% of asthmatics had a persistent pattern between surveys. Persistent NEUhiwas associated with poor asthma control at EGEA2 (OR (95% CI) 3.09 (1.18–7.05)). EOShiat EGEA1 and persistent EOShiwere associated with higher BHR (OR (95% CI) 2.36 (1.10–5.07) and 3.85 (1.11–13.34), respectively), poor lung function (p<0.06) and higher immunoglobulin E level (p<10−4) at EGEA2.

Granulocyte patterns were differently associated with asthma outcomes, suggesting specific roles for each one, which could be tested as predictive signatures.
Tuberculosis care among refugees arriving in Europe: a ERS/WHO Europe Region survey of current practices
Authors: Dara Masoud , Solovic Ivan , Sotgiu Giovanni , D'Ambrosio Lia , Centis Rosella , Tran Richard , Goletti Delia , Duarte Raquel , Aliberti Stefano , de Benedictis Fernando Maria , Bothamley Graham , Schaberg Tom , Abubakar Ibrahim , Teixeira Vitor , Ward Brian , Gratziou Christina , Migliori Giovanni Battista
Published: August 2016

No evidence exists on tuberculosis (TB) and latent TB infection (LTBI) management policies among refugees in European countries.

A questionnaire investigating screening and management practices among refugees was sent to 38 national TB programme representatives of low and intermediate TB incidence European countries/territories of the WHO European Region.

Out of 36 responding countries, 31 (86.1%) reported screening for active TB, 19 for LTBI, and eight (22.2%) reporting outcomes of LTBI treatment. Screening for TB is based on algorithms including different combinations of symptom-based questionnaires, bacteriology and chest radiography and LTBI screening on different combinations of tuberculin skin test and interferon-γ release assays. In 22 (61.1%) countries, TB and LTBI screening are performed in refugee centres. In 22 (61.1%) countries, TB services are organised in collaboration with the private sector. 27 (75%) countries answered that screening for TB is performed as per national and international guidelines, while 19 (52.7%) gave the same answer with regards to LTBI screening. Infection control measures are inadequate in several of the countries surveyed.

There is need for improved coordination of TB screening in Europe to implement the End TB Strategy and achieve TB elimination.
Diagnosing primary ciliary dyskinesia: an international patient perspective
Authors: Behan Laura , Dunn Galvin Audrey , Rubbo Bruna , Masefield Sarah , Copeland Fiona , Manion Michele , Rindlisbacher Bernhard , Redfern Beatrice , Lucas Jane S.
Published: August 2016

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare genetic disorder characterised by progressive sino-pulmonary disease, with symptoms starting soon after birth. A European Respiratory Society (ERS) Task Force aims to address disparities in diagnostics across Europe by providing evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. We aimed to identify challenges faced by patients when referred for PCD diagnostic testing.

A patient survey was developed by patient representatives and healthcare specialists to capture experience. Online versions of the survey were translated into nine languages and completed in 25 countries. Of the respondents (n=365), 74% were PCD-positive, 5% PCD-negative and 21% PCD-uncertain/inconclusive. We then interviewed 20 parents/patients. Transcripts were analysed thematically.

35% of respondents visited their doctor more than 40 times with PCD-related symptoms prior to diagnostic referral. Furthermore, the most prominent theme among interviewees was a lack of PCD awareness among medical practitioners and failure to take past history into account, leading to delayed diagnosis. Patients also highlighted the need for improved reporting of results and a solution to the “inconclusive” diagnostic status.

These findings will be used to advise the ERS Task Force guidelines for diagnosing PCD, and should help stakeholders responsible for improving existing services and expanding provision for diagnosis of this rare disease.
Rapid generation of functional hepatocyte-like cells from human adipose-derived stem cells
Authors: Fu Yanli , Deng Jie , Jiang Qingyuan , Wang Yuan , Zhang Yujing , Yao Yunqi , Cheng Fuyi , Chen Xiaolei , Xu Fen , Huang Meijuan , Yang Yang , Zhang Shuang , Yu Dechao , Zhao Robert Chunhua , Wei Yuquan , Deng Hongxin
Published: August 2016

Background

Liver disease is a major cause of death worldwide. Orthotropic liver transplantation (OLT) represents the only effective treatment for patients with liver failure, but the increasing demand for organs is unfortunately so great that its application is limited. Hepatocyte transplantation is a promising alternative to OLT for the treatment of some liver-based metabolic disorders or acute liver failure. Unfortunately, the lack of donor livers also makes it difficult to obtain enough viable hepatocytes for hepatocyte-based therapies. Currently, a fundamental solution to this key problem is still lacking. Here we show a novel non-transgenic protocol that facilitates the rapid generation of functional induced hepatocytes (iHeps) from human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs), providing a source of available cells for autologous hepatocytes to treat liver disease.

Methods

We used collagenase digestion to isolate hADSCs. The surface marker was detected by flow cytometry. The multipotential differentiation potency was detected by induction into adipocytes, osteocytes, and chondrocytes. Passage 3–7 hADSCs were induced into iHeps using an induction culture system composed of small molecule compounds and cell factors.

Results

Primary cultured hADSCs presented a fusiform or polygon appearance that became fibroblast-like after passage 3. More than 95 % of the cells expressed the mesenchymal cell markers CD29, CD44, CD166, CD105, and CD90. hADSCs possessed multipotential differentiation towards adipocytes, osteocytes, and chondrocytes. We rapidly induced hADSCs into iHeps within 10 days in vitro; the cellular morphology changed from fusiform to close-connected cubiform, which was similar to hepatocytes. After induction, most of the iHeps co-expressed albumin and alpha-1 antitrypsin; they also expressed mature hepatocyte special genes and achieved the basic functions of hepatocyte. Moreover, iHep transplantation could improve the liver function of acute liver-injured NPG mice and prolong life.

Conclusions

We isolated highly purified hADSCs and rapidly induced them into functional hepatocyte-like cells within 10 days. These results provide a source of available cells for autologous hepatocytes to treat liver disease.
Draft genomic sequence of a chromate- and sulfate-reducing Alishewanella strain with the ability to bioremediate Cr and Cd contamination
Authors: Xia Xian , Li Jiahong , Liao Shuijiao , Zhou Gaoting , Wang Hui , Li Liqiong , Xu Biao , Wang Gejiao
Published: August 2016

Alishewanella sp. WH16-1 (= CCTCC M201507) is a facultative anaerobic, motile, Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium isolated from soil of a copper and iron mine. This strain efficiently reduces chromate (Cr6+) to the much less toxic Cr3+. In addition, it reduces sulfate (SO42−) to S2−. The S2− could react with Cd2+ to generate precipitated CdS. Thus, strain WH16-1 shows a great potential to bioremediate Cr and Cd contaimination. Here we describe the features of this organism, together with the draft genome and comparative genomic results among strain WH16-1 and other Alishewanella strains. The genome comprises 3,488,867 bp, 50.4 % G + C content, 3,132 protein-coding genes and 80 RNA genes. Both putative chromate- and sulfate-reducing genes are identified.
Distinguishing gas-bearing sandstone reservoirs within mixed siliciclastic-carbonate sequences using extended elastic impedance: Nile Delta — Egypt
Authors: Hafez Ahmed , Castagna John P.
Published: August 2016

In the Abu Madi Formation of the Nile Delta Basin, false bright spots may be misinterpreted as being indicative of hydrocarbons due to mixed clastics and carbonates. However, rock-physics analysis of well logs in a particular prospect area where such ambiguity exists suggests that attributes derived using extended elastic impedance (EEI) inversion may help identify hydrocarbons because they better show anomalous behavior in particular directions that are readily related to pore fluids and lithology. The EEI attributes calculated from well logs correlate extremely well to lithology and fluid properties, thereby differentiating amplitude anomalies caused by gas-bearing sandstones encased in shale from similar amplitudes caused by juxtaposition of high-impedance carbonates over lower impedance water-filled sandstones. Comparing seismically derived EEI attributes to well logs from a productive well and a nonproductive well indicates that seismic inversion can successfully identify lithologies such as shales, sandstones, carbonates, and anhydrite and distinguish gas-bearing from water-bearing sandstones. The technique can thus potentially be used to better delineate and risk prospects in the area, as well as assisting exploration efforts in other locations where similar ambiguities in amplitude interpretation exist.
Geothermal energy potential of sedimentary formations in the Athabasca region, northeast Alberta, Canada
Authors: Ardakani Elahe P. , Schmitt Douglas R.
Published: August 2016

The Athabasca region, located in the northeast of Alberta, Canada, hosts many ongoing projects of bitumen extraction from oil sands and Devonian carbonate and siliciclastic reservoirs, which require a vast amount of thermal energy. Geothermal energy as a green renewable source of heat can help to reduce the amount of fossil fuels used to provide the required thermal energy for these projects and consequently decrease the greenhouse gas emission. To assess the geothermal development potential in this region, an integrated regional-scale 3D model was constructed with geologic and geophysical data (approximately 7000 formation tops and approximately 800 km seismic 2D profiles). Incorporation of 2D seismic profiles that filled in the gaps between sparse geologic tops particularly for deeper formations adds to structural details of the modeled formations. The temperature and porosity fields were simulated using the sequential Gaussian simulation approach within the modeled sedimentary formations. Based on spatial distribution, thickness, formation porosity and permeability analysis, five Paleozoic formations of Keg River, Waterways, Cooking Lake, Leduc, and Grosmont were identified as potential aquifers for geothermal development. These aquifers have enough coverage and thickness in the area and possess a high amount of thermal energy content. Because the sedimentary basin in the Athabasca region is quite shallow (less than 1400 m), these aquifers are all recognized as low enthalpy geothermal reservoirs with maximum of 40°C temperature and hence direct heating applications are not feasible. Use of industrial-scale heat-pump technologies that have long been used in northern Europe with high coefficients of performance would be recommended for heat extraction from these reservoirs.
A case study showing the value of multioffset synthetic seismograms in seismic data interpretation
Authors: Isaac J. Helen , Lawton Don C.
Published: August 2016

A baseline 3D3C seismic survey was acquired in May 2014 at a Field Research Station in Southern Alberta, Canada, which is the site of experimental [Formula: see text] injection into an Upper Cretaceous sandstone at approximately 300 m depth. We have created synthetic seismograms from sonic and density logs to identify reflectors seen on the processed seismic data. The high-amplitude positive response (peak) at the top of the Upper Cretaceous Milk River Formation sandstone on the normal incidence PP synthetic seismogram does not match the response seen on the migrated PP seismic data, which is a very low amplitude peak. For such a high impedance, low Poisson’s ratio sandstone, the Zoeppritz equations predict a high-amplitude reflection coefficient at zero offset, then a decrease in amplitude, and even a change in polarity with increasing source-receiver offset. To match the stacked seismic data better, we have created offset synthetic seismograms using P- and S-wave sonic logs and density logs. The character of the top Milk River reflection on the seismic data stacked using all offset traces resembles that observed on the stacked offset synthetic seismogram, which is a similar low-amplitude peak. The character of the top Milk River reflection on the seismic data stacked using only near-offset traces to 250 m looks like that seen on the normal incidence synthetic seismogram.
Effectiveness of trauma-focused treatment for patients with psychosis with and without the dissociative subtype of post-traumatic stress disorder
Authors: van Minnen Agnes , van der Vleugel Berber. M. , van den Berg David. P. G. , de Bont P. A. J. M. , de Roos Carlijn , van der Gaag Mark , de Jongh A.
Published: August 2016

This study presents secondary analyses of a recently published trial in which post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) patients with psychosis (n = 108) underwent 8 sessions of trauma-focused treatment, either prolonged exposure (PE) or eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy. 24.1% fulfilled the criteria for the dissociative subtype, a newly introduced PTSD subtype in DSM-5. Treatment outcome was compared for patients with and without the dissociative subtype of PTSD. Patients with the dissociative subtype of PTSD showed large reductions in clinician-administered PTSD scale (CAPS) score, comparable with patients without the dissociative subtype of PTSD. It is concluded that even in a population with severe mental illness, patients with the dissociative subtype of PTSD do benefit from trauma-focused treatments without a pre-phase of emotion regulation skill training and should not be excluded from these treatments.
A mouse model for ulcerative colitis based on NOD-scid IL2R γnull mice reconstituted with peripheral blood mononuclear cells from affected individuals
Authors: Palamides Pia , Jodeleit Henrika , Föhlinger Michael , Beigel Florian , Herbach Nadja , Mueller Thomas , Wolf Eckhard , Siebeck Matthias , Gropp Roswitha
Published: August 2016

Animal models reflective of ulcerative colitis (UC) remain a major challenge, and yet are crucial to understand mechanisms underlying the onset of disease and inflammatory characteristics of relapses and remission. Mouse models in which colitis-like symptoms are induced through challenge with toxins such as oxazolone, dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) or 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) have been instrumental in understanding the inflammatory processes of UC. However, these neither reflect the heterogeneous symptoms observed in the UC-affected population nor can they be used to test the efficacy of inhibitors developed against human targets where high sequence and structural similarity of the respective ligands is lacking. In an attempt to overcome these problems, we have developed a mouse model that relies on NOD-scid IL2R γnull mice reconstituted with peripheral blood mononuclear cells derived from UC-affected individuals. Upon challenge with ethanol, mice developed colitis-like symptoms and changes in the colon architecture, characterized by influx of inflammatory cells, edema, crypt loss, crypt abscesses and epithelial hyperplasia, as previously observed in immune-competent mice. TARC, TGFβ1 and HGF expression increased in distal parts of the colon. Analysis of human leucocytes isolated from mouse spleen revealed an increase in frequencies of CD1a+, CD64+, CD163+ and TSLPR+ CD14+ monocytes, and antigen-experienced CD44+ CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells in response to ethanol. Analysis of human leucocytes from the colon of challenged mice identified CD14+ monocytes and CD11b+ monocytes as the predominant populations. Quantitative real-time PCR (RT-PCR) analysis from distal parts of the colon indicated that IFNγ might be one of the cytokines driving inflammation. Treatment with infliximab ameliorated symptoms and pathological manifestations, whereas pitrakinra had no therapeutic benefit. Thus, this model is partially reflective of the human disease and might help to increase the translation of animal and clinical studies.
Development of a subset of forelimb muscles and their attachment sites requires the ulnar-mammary syndrome gene Tbx3
Authors: Colasanto Mary P. , Eyal Shai , Mohassel Payam , Bamshad Michael , Bonnemann Carsten G. , Zelzer Elazar , Moon Anne M. , Kardon Gabrielle
Published: August 2016

In the vertebrate limb over 40 muscles are arranged in a precise pattern of attachment via muscle connective tissue and tendon to bone and provide an extensive range of motion. How the development of somite-derived muscle is coordinated with the development of lateral plate-derived muscle connective tissue, tendon and bone to assemble a functional limb musculoskeletal system is a long-standing question. Mutations in the T-box transcription factor, TBX3, have previously been identified as the genetic cause of ulnar-mammary syndrome (UMS), characterized by distinctive defects in posterior forelimb bones. Using conditional mutagenesis in mice, we now show that TBX3 has a broader role in limb musculoskeletal development. TBX3 is not only required for development of posterior forelimb bones (ulna and digits 4 and 5), but also for a subset of posterior muscles (lateral triceps and brachialis) and their bone eminence attachment sites. TBX3 specification of origin and insertion sites appears to be tightly linked with whether these particular muscles develop and may represent a newly discovered mechanism for specification of anatomical muscles. Re-examination of an individual with UMS reveals similar previously unrecognized muscle and bone eminence defects and indicates a conserved role for TBX3 in regulating musculoskeletal development.
Seeking out the sweet spot in cancer therapeutics: an interview with Lewis Cantley
Authors: Cantley Lewis C.
Published: August 2016

Lewis C. Cantley, Director of the Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center at Weill Cornell Medicine, is a world leader in cancer and metabolic disease research. His seminal discoveries have shed light on the regulation of ion pumps and other transport proteins, insulin-mediated regulation of glucose metabolism and the role of signal transduction networks in cell transformation. At Tufts University in the 1980s, Lewis and his collaborators unveiled and characterized the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway; a discovery that revolutionized the field of lipid signaling. In this interview, he documents his journey from serendipitous discovery of the pathway to determining its diverse physiological functions and role in cancer – an incredible odyssey that has laid the groundwork for clinical trials based on PI3K inhibitors. He also discusses the impact his early life had in spurring a thirst to understand biological processes at the molecular level, highlights how his multiple collaborations have helped in translating his basic discoveries to the clinic and explains why eating a high-sugar diet can be harmful. Ongoing studies in the Cantley lab are aimed at determining the mechanistic underpinnings of pancreatic, colorectal, ovarian and breast cancers, particularly the role of cellular metabolic pathways. The group has recently shown, amongst other breakthroughs, that vitamin C could provide a promising therapy for certain hard-to-treat cancers.
Surveillance, insecticide resistance and control of an invasive Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) population in California
Authors: Cornel Anthony J. , Holeman Jodi , Nieman Catelyn C. , Lee Yoosook , Smith Charles , Amorino Mark , Brisco Katherine K. , Barrera Roberto , Lanzaro Gregory C. , Mulligan III F. Stephen
Published: August 2016

The invasion and subsequent establishment in California of Aedes aegypti in 2013 has created new challenges for local mosquito abatement and vector control districts. Studies were undertaken to identify effective and economical strategies to monitor the abundance and spread of this mosquito species as well as for its control. Overall, BG Sentinel (BGS) traps were found to be the most sensitive trap type to measure abundance and spread into new locations. Autocidal-Gravid-Ovitraps (AGO-B), when placed at a site for a week, performed equally to BGS in detecting the presence of female Ae. aegypti. Considering operational cost and our findings, we recommend use of BGS traps for surveillance in response to service requests especially in locations outside the known infestation area. We recommend AGO-Bs be placed at fixed sites, cleared and processed once a week to monitor mosquito abundance within a known infestation area. Long-term high density placements of AGO-Bs were found to show promise as an environmentally friendly trap-kill control strategy. California Ae. aegypti were found to be homozygous for the V1016I mutation in the voltage gated sodium channel gene, which is implicated to be involved in insecticide resistance. This strain originating from Clovis, California was resistant to some pyrethroids but not to deltamethrin in bottle bio-assays. Sentinel cage ultra-low-volume (ULV) trials using a new formulation of deltamethrin (DeltaGard®) demonstrated that it provided some control (average of 56% death in sentinel cages in a 91.4 m spray swath) after a single truck mounted aerial ULV application in residential areas.
Research Roundup
Authors: Cowan Helen
Published: August 2016

Helen Cowan presents a selection of recently published articles of interest to nurses working in cardiovascular nursing. The aim of this roundup is to provide a brief overview of the research papers selected. A full reference is provided for those who wish to take a look at the research in further detail
Distress in partners of cardiac patients: relationship quality and social support
Authors: Saltmarsh Nadine , Murphy Barbara , Bennett Pauleen , Higgins Rosemary , Macvean Michelle , Le Grande Michael , Thompson David , Ski Chantal , Worcester Marian , Jackson Alun
Published: August 2016

Introduction:

While much research has focused on supporting patients' psychological recovery after an acute cardiac event, relatively little attention has been given to the psychological wellbeing of partners of patients. There are some indications that partners experience higher levels of anxiety and depression than cardiac patients. Previous studies have identified sociodemographic and behavioural predictors of distress in partners. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the quality of the marital relationship and the social support network impact on partner distress in the aftermath of a patient's cardiac event.

Method:

A mixed-method approach, including questionnaires and semistructured interviews, was used, with partners interviewed at the time of the event. Partner distress was measured at 12 months post event. Chi-square and t-tests were used to identify factors associated with partner distress, and logistic regression was used to identify unique predictors of partner distress.

Results:

One-hundred partners of cardiac patients consecutively admitted to the Royal Melbourne Hospital and the Melbourne Private Hospital over a 12-month period were recruited, with 73 participants retained at 12 months. Poor marital quality at the time of the cardiac event was the only unique predictor of partner distress. Thematic analysis of the qualitative data highlighted the ways marital quality impacts partners.

Conclusion:

Quantitative and qualitative findings illustrate the multi-dimensional impact of marital dysfunction on psychological distress in partners. Psycho-education and support for partners of cardiac patients appears warranted.
Journal of Paramedic Practice consultant editor, Professor Ian Peate, awarded OBE
Authors: Sibson Lynda
Published: August 2016

Following the announcement that Journal of Paramedic Practice consultant editor, Ian Peate, was awarded an OBE in the Queen's Birthday Honours, colleague Lynda Sibson takes a look back at the work which led to the royal acknowledgement.
Exploring the Self-Disclosure Process in Peer Mentoring Relationships for Transition-Age Youth With Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Ryan Cathryn T. , Kramer Jessica M. , Cohn Ellen S.
Published: August 2016

The purpose of this study was to examine the role of the self-disclosure process in regard to connection development and relationship quality in peer mentoring relationships between transition-age youth (ages 15–20) and young adults (ages 18–36) with intellectual and/or developmental disabilities. Self-disclosure is defined as “the disclosure of inner feelings and experiences to another person” that “fosters liking, caring, and trust, thereby facilitating the deepening of close relationships” (Reis & Shaver, 1988, p. 372). Nine peer mentoring dyads with varied interpersonal connections were purposefully selected from a larger intervention study. Recorded mentoring conversations were analyzed for self-disclosure content and peer mentor response. The findings demonstrated trends related to connection development and differences across degree of connection. In relationships with stronger connections, there was a higher quantity of self-disclosure and more frequent disclosure of emotions, and peer mentors responded more frequently with advice and reciprocated self-disclosure. Implications of findings for promoting higher-quality peer mentoring relationships are discussed.
Parent Involvement in Meaningful Post-School Experiences for Young Adults With IDD and Pervasive Support Needs
Authors: Rossetti Zachary , Lehr Donna , Pelerin Dana , Huang Shuoxi , Lederer Leslie
Published: August 2016

Despite initiatives supporting young adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) to engage in post-secondary education and integrated employment, those with more intensive support needs are not as easily involved in these post-school experiences. In an effort to learn from positive examples, we examined parent involvement in meaningful post-school experiences by eight young adults with IDD and pervasive support needs. Secondary analysis of data from a prior interview study yielded this smaller sample of eight young adults with meaningful post-school experiences. Their parents were actively involved as fierce advocates and creative problem solvers. The active involvement of parents included: a) attitudinal facilitators, b) advocacy efforts and perceptions, and c) strategic actions. Implications for future research and practice are described.
Sports Trauma Reframing in India and Australia
Authors: Knowles Michael , Morgan Robert F.
Published: August 2016

An invited tropical vignette from a very visible international and organisational psychologist illustrates, along with one of the world's top professional golfers, how reframing a setback in sports or life can, with fresh perspective, be converted into greater opportunity.
A Case Study of Psychosocial Support: Programs in Response to the 2004 Asia Tsunami
Authors: Prewitt Diaz Joseph O.
Published: August 2016

This case study presents and discusses the psychosocial support program (PSP) that was conducted in the Republic of Maldives following the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami disaster. The PSP intervention included providing psychological first-aid training to counsellors and teachers, modifying a teacher's manual and training teachers to share its contents with peers, and conducting a training workshop so that professionals could take over the implementation of the PSP. This article also examines the five strategies involved in general PSPs, which include: using a community-based approach; ensuring that interventions are contextually, culturally, and linguistically appropriate; empowerment; community participation; and active involvement. This review found that PSPs were effective during the emergency and reconstruction phases of disasters. It also underscores the importance of community involvement, and ensuring that PSPs are contextually and culturally appropriate.
Serum versus Imaging Biomarkers in Friedreich Ataxia to Indicate Left Ventricular Remodeling and Outcomes
Authors: Mehta Nishaki , Chacko Paul , Jin James , Tran Tam , Prior Thomas W. , He Xin , Agarwal Gunjan , Raman Subha V.
Published: August 2016

Patients with Friedreich ataxia typically die of cardiomyopathy, marked by myocardial fibrosis and abnormal left ventricular (LV) geometry. We measured procollagen I carboxyterminal propeptide (PICP), a serum biomarker of collagen production, and characterized genotypes, phenotypes, and outcomes in these patients.

Twenty-nine patients with Friedreich ataxia (mean age, 34.2 ± 2.2 yr) and 29 healthy subjects (mean age, 32.5 ± 1.1 yr) underwent serum PICP measurements. Patients underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and outcome evaluations at baseline and 12 months.

Baseline PICP values were significantly higher in the patients than in the control group (1,048 ± 77 vs 614 ± 23 ng/mL; P <0.001); severity of genetic abnormality did not indicate severity of PICP elevation. Higher PICP levels corresponded to greater LV concentric remodeling only at baseline (r=0.37, P <0.05). Higher baseline PICP strongly indicated subsequent increases in LV end-diastolic volume (r=0.52, P=0.02). The PICP levels did not distinguish between 14 patients with evident myocardial fibrosis identified through positive late gadolinium enhancement and 15 who had no enhancement (1,067 ± 125 vs 1,030 ± 98 ng/mL; P=0.82). At 12 months, cardiac events had occurred in 3 of 14 fibrosis-positive and none of 15 fibrosis-negative patients (P=0.1); their baseline PICP levels were similar.

We conclude that PICP, a serum marker of collagen synthesis, is elevated in Friedreich ataxia and indicates baseline abnormal LV geometry and subsequent dilation. Cardiac magnetic resonance and PICP warrant consideration as complementary biomarkers in therapeutic trials of Friedreich ataxia cardiomyopathy.
Transcatheter Closure of Iatrogenic VSDs after Aortic Valve Replacement Surgery: 2 Case Reports and a Literature Review
Authors: Taleyratne John D.S. , Henderson Robert A.
Published: August 2016

We report 2 new cases of transcatheter closure of iatrogenic ventricular septal defects after aortic valve replacement surgery, together with our finding, in a literature review, of 9 additional patients who had undergone this procedure from 2004 through 2013. In all 11 cases, transcatheter device closure was indicated for a substantial intracardiac shunt with symptomatic heart failure, and such a device was successfully deployed across the iatrogenic ventricular septal defect, with clinical improvement.

Our review suggests that transcatheter closure of iatrogenic ventricular septal defects in patients with previous aortic valve replacement surgery is a safe and effective treatment option, providing anatomic defect closure and relief of symptoms in the short-to-medium term.
Association between High Endocardial Unipolar Voltage and Improved Left Ventricular Function in Patients with Ischemic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Park Ki , Lai Dejian , Handberg Eileen M. , Moyé Lem , Perin Emerson C. , Pepine Carl J. , Anderson R. David
Published: August 2016

We know that endocardial mapping reports left ventricular electrical activity (voltage) and that these data can predict outcomes in patients undergoing traditional revascularization. Because the mapping data from experimental models have also been linked with myocardial viability, we hypothesized an association between increased unipolar voltage in patients undergoing intramyocardial injections and their subsequent improvement in left ventricular performance.

For this exploratory analysis, we evaluated 86 patients with left ventricular dysfunction, heart-failure symptoms, possible angina, and no revascularization options, who were undergoing endocardial mapping. Fifty-seven patients received bone marrow mononuclear cell (BMC) injections and 29 patients received cell-free injections of a placebo.

The average mapping site voltage was 9.7 ± 2 mV, and sites with voltage of ≥6.9 mV were engaged by needle and injected (with BMC or placebo). For all patients, at 6 months, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) improved, and after covariate adjustment this improvement was best predicted by injection-site voltage. For every 2-mV increase in baseline voltage, we detected a 1.3 increase in absolute LVEF units for all patients (P=0.038). Multiple linear regression analyses confirmed that voltage and the CD34+ count present in bone marrow (but not treatment assignment) were associated with improved LVEF (P=0.03 and P=0.014, respectively).

In an exploratory analysis, higher endocardial voltage and bone marrow CD34+ levels were associated with improved left ventricular function among ischemic cardiomyopathy patients. Intramyocardial needle injections, possibly through stimulation of angiogenesis, might serve as a future therapy in patients with reduced left ventricular function and warrants investigation.
Right Ventricular Enlargement within Months of Arteriovenous Fistula Creation in 2 Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Ragupathi Loheetha , Johnson Drew , Marhefka Gregary D.
Published: August 2016

Surgically created arteriovenous fistulae (AVF) for hemodialysis can contribute to hemodynamic changes. We describe the cases of 2 male patients in whom new right ventricular enlargement developed after an AVF was created for hemodialysis. Patient 1 sustained high-output heart failure solely attributable to the AVF. After AVF banding and subsequent ligation, his heart failure and right ventricular enlargement resolved. In Patient 2, the AVF contributed to new-onset right ventricular enlargement, heart failure, and ascites. His severe pulmonary hypertension was caused by diastolic heart failure, diabetes mellitus, and obstructive sleep apnea. His right ventricular enlargement and heart failure symptoms did not improve after AVF ligation.

We think that our report is the first to specifically correlate the echocardiographic finding of right ventricular enlargement with AVF sequelae. Clinicians who treat end-stage renal disease patients should be aware of this potential sequela of AVF creation, particularly in the upper arm. We recommend obtaining preoperative echocardiograms in all patients who will undergo upper-arm AVF creation, so that comparisons can be made postoperatively. Alternative consideration should be given to creating the AVF in the radial artery, because of less shunting and therefore less potential for right-sided heart failure and pulmonary hypertension. A multidisciplinary approach is optimal when selecting patients for AVF banding or ligation.
Giant Right Coronary Artery Aneurysm Associated with a Fistula Draining into the Superior Vena Cava
Authors: Dolapoglu Ahmet , Ott David A.
Published: August 2016

Giant coronary artery aneurysm associated with a coronary–cameral fistula is an uncommon condition. Such aneurysms are usually associated with other cardiac diseases, such as coronary atherosclerosis, and therefore might augment myocardial ischemia in adults. The main indications for surgical intervention are severe coexisting coronary artery disease, evidence of embolization, and aneurysmal enlargement or rupture.

We describe a large right coronary artery aneurysm and a coronary–cameral fistula that drained into the superior vena cava. The surgical repair was successful.
Tempo
Authors: Tan Zilong , Babu Shivnath
Published: August 2016

Multi-tenant database systems have a component called the
Resource Manager, or RM
that is responsible for allocating resources to tenants. RMs today do not provide direct support for performance objectives such as: "Average job response time of tenant A must be less than two minutes", or "No more than 5% of tenant B's jobs can miss the deadline of 1 hour." Thus, DBAs have to tinker with the RM's low-level configuration settings to meet such objectives. We propose a framework called
Tempo
that brings
simplicity
,
self-tuning
, and
robustness
to existing RMs. Tempo provides a simple interface for DBAs to specify performance objectives declaratively, and optimizes the RM configuration settings to meet these objectives. Tempo has a solid theoretical foundation which gives key robustness guarantees. We report experiments done on Tempo using production traces of data-processing workloads from companies such as Facebook and Cloudera. These experiments demonstrate significant improvements in meeting desired performance objectives over RM configuration settings specified by human experts.
Genetic associations with neuroendocrine tumor risk: results from a genome-wide association study
Authors: Du Yeting , Ter-Minassian Monica , Brais Lauren , Brooks Nichole , Waldron Amanda , Chan Jennifer A , Lin Xihong , Kraft Peter , Christiani David C , Kulke Matthew H
Published: August 2016

The etiology of neuroendocrine tumors remains poorly defined. Although neuroendocrine tumors are in some cases associated with inherited genetic syndromes, such syndromes are rare. The majority of neuroendocrine tumors are thought to be sporadic. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify potential genetic risk factors for sporadic neuroendocrine tumors. Using germline DNA from blood specimens, we genotyped 909,622 SNPs using the Affymetrix 6.0 GeneChip, in a cohort comprising 832 neuroendocrine tumor cases from Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Massachusetts General Hospital and 4542 controls from the Harvard School of Public Health. An additional 241 controls from Dana-Farber Cancer Institute were used for quality control. We assessed risk associations in the overall cohort, and in neuroendocrine tumor subgroups. We identified no potential risk associations in the cohort overall. In the small intestine neuroendocrine tumor subgroup, comprising 293 cases, we identified risk associations with three SNPs on chromosome 12, all in strong LD. The three SNPs are located upstream of ELK3, a transcription factor implicated in angiogenesis. We did not identify clear risk associations in the bronchial or pancreatic neuroendocrine subgroups. This large-scale study provides initial evidence that presumed sporadic small intestine neuroendocrine tumors may have a genetic etiology. Our results provide a basis for further exploring the role of genes implicated in this analysis, and for replication studies to confirm the observed associations. Additional studies to evaluate potential genetic risk factors for sporadic pancreatic and bronchial neuroendocrine tumors are warranted.
Reproductive age-associated fibrosis in the stroma of the mammalian ovary
Authors: Briley Shawn M , Jasti Susmita , McCracken Jennifer M , Hornick Jessica E , Fegley Barbara , Pritchard Michele T , Duncan Francesca E
Published: August 2016

Under normal physiological conditions, tissue remodeling in response to injury leads to tissue regeneration without permanent damage. However, if homeostasis between synthesis and degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) components is altered, fibrosis – or the excess accumulation of ECM – can disrupt tissue architecture and function. Several organs, including the heart, lung and kidney, exhibit age-associated fibrosis. Here we investigated whether fibrosis underlies aging in the ovary – an organ that ages chronologically before other organs. We used Picrosirius Red (PSR), a connective tissue stain specific for collagen I and III fibers, to evaluate ovarian fibrosis. Using bright-field, epifluorescence, confocal and polarized light microscopy, we validated the specific staining of highly ordered PSR-stained fibers in the ovary. We next examined ovarian PSR staining in two mouse strains (CD1 and CB6F1) across an aging continuum and found that PSR staining was minimal in ovaries from reproductively young adult animals, increased in distinct foci in animals of mid-to-advanced reproductive age, and was prominent throughout the stroma of the oldest animals. Consistent with fibrosis, there was a reproductive age-associated increase in ovarian hydroxyproline content. We also observed a unique population of multinucleated macrophage giant cells, which are associated with chronic inflammation, within the ovarian stroma exclusively in reproductively old mice. In fact, several genes central to inflammation had significantly higher levels of expression in ovaries from reproductively old mice relative to young mice. These results establish fibrosis as an early hallmark of the aging ovarian stroma, and this altered microenvironment may contribute to the age-associated decline in gamete quality.
Effect of kit ligand on natriuretic peptide precursor C and oocyte maturation in cattle
Authors: Lima Paula F , Ormond Cinthia M , Caixeta Ester S , Barros Rodrigo G , Price Christopher A , Buratini José
Published: August 2016

In vitromaturation (IVM) of oocytes in cattle is inefficient, and there is great interest in the development of approaches to improve maturation and fertilization rates. Intraovarian signalling molecules are being explored as potential additives to IVM media. One such factor is kit ligand (KITL), which stimulates the growth of oocytes. We determined if KITL enhances oocyte maturation in cattle. The two main isoforms ofKITL(KITL1andKITL2) were expressed in bovine cumulus–oocyte complexes (COC), and levels of mRNA increased during FSH-stimulated IVM. The addition of KITL to the culture medium increased the percentage of oocytes that reached meiosis II but did not affect cumulus expansion after 22 h of IVM. Addition of KITL reduced the levels of mRNA encoding natriuretic peptide precursor C (NPPC), a protein that holds oocytes in meiotic arrest, and increased the levels of mRNA encoding YBX2, an oocyte-specific factor involved in meiosis. Removal of the oocyte from the COC resulted in increasedKITLmRNA levels and decreasedNPPCmRNA levels in cumulus cells, and addition of denuded oocytes reversed these effects. Taken together, our results suggest that KITL enhances bovine oocyte nuclear maturation through a mechanism that involves NPPC, and that the oocyte regulates cumulus expression ofKITLmRNA.
Ethics Rounds: In the Eye of a Social Media Storm
Authors: McKlindon Donna , Jacobson Jake A. , Nathanson Pamela , Walter Jennifer K. , Lantos John D. , Feudtner Chris
Published: August 2016

Social media, no stranger to health care environments, is increasingly used by patients, families, clinicians, and institutions to interact and engage in new ways. The ethical challenges related to the use of social media in the clinical setting are familiar, yet come with a novel twist, including the possibility of having a conflict “go viral”. Health care clinicians and institutions must understand and embrace these technologies, while at the same time promoting policies and practices that ensure the ethically appropriate use of social media and address strategies for preventing and responding to a social media crisis.
To submit or not submit: The burden of evaluation on postgraduate medical trainees
Authors: Zibrowski Elaine , Crukley Jeff , Malett Jacqui , Myers Kathryn
Published: August 2016

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. PurposeAcademic centers utilize web-based surveillance systems to administer their evaluations, but little is known about their impact on the evaluation responsibilities delegated to medical residents.MethodUsing a mixed-methods approach, a retrospective content analysis was conducted of the evaluation activities experienced by a cohort of 29 residents as they completed their training in general internal medicine from 2009-2012. These data were triangulated with group interviews conducted with current internal medicine residents in 2012-2013.ResultsThe internal medicine program electronically requested that its residents complete 8,614 evaluation reports on clinical faculty, curriculum, and junior trainees (345 requests annually per resident). Residents reported feeling overwhelmed by their ongoing evaluation workload, and admitted that their motivation to submit high-quality appraisals was dissipating. Residents perceived that their program valued certain evaluations more than others, and this was a major factor in their decision regarding whether or not they would eventually submit an appraisal. Feedback submitted on program evaluation-related appraisals were viewed as having the least value, and residents were significantly less likely to submit these evaluations. ConclusionsAlthough web-based surveillance systems are efficient in distributing thousands of evaluations, residency programs to engage in ongoing vigilance of the unintended consequences associated with their use.
Reproductive Strategy, Performance, and Population Dynamics of the Introduced Weed Black Henbane (Hyoscyamus niger)
Authors: Fettig Christa E. , Hufbauer Ruth A.
Published: August 2016

Determining whether and how to manage an introduced species requires basic ecological and biological knowledge. If a decision is made to actively manage an invader, doing so efficiently and effectively is critical. Basic biological or ecological information can be key in designing effective and cost-efficient management approaches. We used a greenhouse experiment and observational field studies of naturalized populations to study the modes of pollination, fecundity in the field, seed ecology, population dynamics, and demography of the introduced and toxic weed, black henbane. We showed that henbane was able to self-pollinate. Furthermore, outcrossing did not increase number or size of seeds. Plants in the sampled populations produced an estimated average of 25,300±4,004 seeds by the middle of the growing season. We found no difference in the viability of field-collected seeds that were 1 to 4 yr old. The number of flowering plants in a population was best predicted by the number of rosettes at that location in July of the previous year. The probability of rosettes surviving over the winter to reach reproductive maturity increased with precipitation and growing degree days. Total population sizes fluctuated dramatically between years. Henbane populations are ephemeral, but with large seed banks, outbreaks are possible if conditions are right. Given that this weed is toxic to livestock and humans, it is important to identify infestations and manage populations.
Birds in nourishment of eagle-owl (Bubo bubo L.) in Ciscaucasia region
Authors: Gorobets L. , Yanenko V.
Published: August 2016

The article deals with the results of research into species composition of birds whose remains were discovered in Eagle-owl pellets in Ciscaucasia region. The materials collected in three locations of the region have very low similarity index which doesn't exceed 0,1 (Sørensen index). This fact indicates a high level of Eagle-owl polyphagia. During the research, the birds of prey (ex. Goshawk and a Rough-legged buzzard) as well as rare Tawny owl and Long-eared owl were identified. A part of birds in the nourishment of eagle-owls increases during autumnal migrations. The poultry is extremely rare found among Eagle-owl prey.