bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
¿Incentivos para el desarrollo de la agricultura de la papa en Costa Rica? Políticas públicas, crédito agropecuario y seguro de cosechas (1950-2015)
Authors: Coto Cedeño Wainer Ignacio
Published: February 2025

Este artículo busca explicar la expansión y las condiciones agroecológicas del cultivo de la papa en Costa Rica a lo largo del período 1950-2015, así como analizar las políticas de apoyo a la producción de papa, como los planes de asistencia para el otorgamiento de créditos agropecuarios y seguros de cosechas. La información empleada procede de los censos agropecuarios nacionales (1950, 1955, 1963, 1973 y 1984), giras de campo y entrevistas a productores y agrónomos especialistas. El principal argumento que se propone es que el otorgamiento del seguro de cosechas y el crédito fue desigual, y que su adjudicación dependió, además, de riesgos agroecológicos.
2025 AAHA Referral Guidelines
Authors: Burney Derek , Jones Genesis , Byers Christopher , Campbell Courtney , Coe Jason B. , Gagne Jordan , Moore Bret A. , Pavlovsky Gene , Pulter Chelsea , Selke Ashli , Van Pelt Rae Ann
Published: February 2025

Across the many types of specialty practitioners and hospitals, the requirements for veterinary patient referrals vary from one-time consultations to long-term case oversight and management. These guidelines propose a structured and technology-based approach to optimize the referral process for patients, clients, and veterinary teams. They emphasize a family-centered health care approach that keeps the focus on patients and clients through consistent collaboration between primary and specialty care teams. Collaboration between primary care teams and specialty care teams requires detailed and timely communication and medical records sharing. Veterinary clients also need content-rich and supportive conversations as they navigate often stressful clinical situations with their pets, including the realities of referral care costs, prognoses, and possible ongoing treatments and/or management of chronic conditions. These guidelines establish the concepts, roles, client communication strategies, and timelines that will promote successful referral relationships. Later sections offer detailed insights into the key responsibilities for the primary and specialty care team, from the initial contact before referral, through the referral itself, and then back to primary care team oversight. The final sections consider strategies to increase access to care using team optimization and telehealth, as well as possible obstacles in the referral process and how to address or avoid them.
البنية الصرفية والدلالية في المشتقات الواردة في القرآن الكريم بلغة حمير
Authors: القيسي إبراهيم ناصر صالح
Published: February 2025

يعني هذا البحث بدراسة الألفاظ المشتقة الواردة في القرآن الكريم بلغة حمير، دراسة صرفية ودلالية، ويقف على مدى العلاقة بين لغة حمير واللغة العربية؛ لأن العلماء قد اختلفت آراؤهم حول الألفاظ المنسوبة إلى لغة حمير في القرآن الكريم، بين مقر بوجودها ومنكر لها. وقد سلك الباحث في هذا المقام سبيل النظر والتأمل في آراء العلماء مستندًا على مدى التطابق الصرفي والدلالي للألفاظ المنسوبة إلى لغة حمير في القرآن الكريم، فكان البحث في مقدمة وتمهيد مختصر حول لغة حمير، ثم عرض المشتقات عرضًا موضوعيًا، بداية باسم الفاعل، ثم مبالغته، ثم الصفة المشبهة، ثم اسم المفعول، ثم اسم الآلة، ورتبت الألفاظ في كل محور ترتيبًا ألفبائيًا. وقد توصل البحث إلى أن ما ورد من ألفاظ للغة حمير في القرآن الكريم هي ألفاظ من محض العربية، وأن لغة حمير جزء من اللغة العربية وعلاقتهما علاقة خصوص بعموم، وأن ما ورد من مشتقات في القرآن الكريم بلغة حمير تحمل الدلالة نفسها في اللغة العربية. ولم ترد ألفاظ لاسم التفضيل واسما الزمان والمكان في القرآن الكريم بلغة حمير.
Challenges in writing paragraph among pre-university EFL learners: Teachers' perceptions
Authors: Ahmed Al-Amin Ahmed Mohammed
Published: February 2025

This study aims to investigate the Sudanese EFL teachers' perceptions about the challenges which face their learners in writing paragraph with reference to vocabulary and grammar. To achieve its objectives, the study applied the descriptive-analytical method, in which a questionnaire was used to address the research inquiries and goals. A total of 100 employed teachers participated in responding to the questionnaire. The study reported that the majority of Sudanese EFL teachers (93%) reported that their students in pre- university stage face difficulty to select appropriate words to convey their ideas clearly. In addition, 88% of the teachers reported that their students face grammar challenges affect the clarity while writing. They found it difficult to maintain the correct verb tenses throughout their paragraphs writing, as well as the using of complex sentence structures in English. Moreover, 90 % of the Sudanese EFL teachers indicated that their students find it helpful if their instructor provides feedback on their writing and support them with regular assign to improve their paragraph writing.
تجليات ثنائي القطب في المجموعة القصصية (ليثيوم)
Authors: الماجد مها بنت علي عبد الله
Published: February 2025

يهدف هذا البحث إلى الكشف عن تجليات الاضطراب الوجداني (ثنائي القطب) في المجموعة القصصية (ليثيوم)، من خلال تتبع كلّ ما وظفه الكاتب لتمثيل هذا الاضطراب النفسي؛ ابتداء من الغلاف الخارجي، ومرورًا بالعناوين القصصية، وصولًا إلى مضامين القصص التي عرضت شخصيات متباينة الثقافة والجنس تعاني من هذا المرض، وانتهاء بصفحة الغلاف الأخير؛ حيث زخرت المجموعة القصصية بحمولات دلاليـة مكثّفة لقطبي المـرض: (الهوس والاكتئاب). وتوصل إلى أن المجموعة القصصية قد استثمرت قدراتها الأدبية والفنية في الكشف عن أبرز علامات اضطراب ثنائي القطب؛ من خلال توظيف تلك العلامات في الغلاف الخارجي، كما أنها قد نجحت في اختيار عدد من العناوين القصصية الداخلية ذات الصّلة بطبيعة المرض، كما شكّل اختيارها لبعض أسماء الشخصيات المصابة باضطراب ثنائي القطب علامة على الحالة النفسية التي كانت تعاني منها الشخصية في القصّة، وتجلّت معظم مؤشرات اضطراب ثنائي القطب من خلال مجموعة كبيرة من الأفعال السلوكية -التي يمارسها المريض دون وعي أو قصدية -بالإضافة إلى بعض المؤشرات الدّالة على الانفعالات النفسية والأفكار الذهنية، وقد كشفت المجموعة عن الصراعات النفسية، والمشاعر الدفينة في نفوس مرضى ثنائي القطب من خلال تقنيات التنفيس الانفعالي، كالرسم والكتابة وتقنية المونولوج الداخلي.
مصطلح "اللحن" ومرادفاته في لسان العرب: دراسة تطبيقية
Authors: البصلة عائدة بنت سعيد
Published: February 2025

سعى هذا البحث إلى دراسة "اللحن" ومرادفاته في لسان العرب؛ لمعرفة مدى صحة تلحين اللغويين تلك النصوص التي حكموا بمخالفتها لقواعد اللغة الفصحى، بعرضها على كتب اللغة، ومعرفة المعايير التي اتكأوا عليها، ومواطن تلك الأخطاء، سواء أكانت في كلام العامة أم الخاصة، وتم تقسيم البحث إلى مقدمة، وتمهيد، ومبحثين، يتضمنان عددًا من المطالب، ثم خاتمة، تعرَّض التمهيد لتعريف مصطلحات البحث، أما المبحث الأول، فهو: اللحن في كلام العامة، وفيه مطلبان: مسائل عامة، ومسائل الهمزة، في حين درس المبحث الثاني: اللحن في كلام الخاصة، وفيه ثلاثة مطالب: اللحن في الحديث النبوي، واللحن في الشعر، واللحن في كلام اللغويين والفقهاء، وأخيرًا الخاتمة، وفيها نتائج البحث، ومنها: أن اللحن ظاهرة قديمة في العربية، ظهرت منذ العصر الجاهلي، فما كان من اللحن قديمًا أو من الشاذ، قبلت جله مجامع اللغة واستعمله العرب حديثًا، بعد وجود وجه له في العربية بلغاتها ولهجاتها. أن أغلب المسائل التي حُكم عليها باللحن في (لسان العرب) كانت مما نقله ابن منظور عمن سبقه من اللغويين، ولم يكن له إلا النقل، وكان أحيانا يبدي رأيه فيها، وأحيانا ينقل تلك الآراء دون ترجيح.
العنف ضد الأخدام في الرواية اليمنية
Authors: واصل عصام
Published: February 2025

يسلط هذا البحث الضوء على العنف بوصفه ثيمة قصصيّة في عينة من الروايات اليمنية المرتبطة بعنصر اجتماعي مهمش تطلق عليه هذه الروايات (الأخدام والمقارع)، مستمدة هذه التسمية من الواقع المرجعي، وقد بلغت عينة الدراسة ست روايات تمتد في إصداراتها بين عامي (2008)، و(2021)، وهي: طعم أسود رائحة سوداء، لعلي المقري (2008)/ في طبعتها الأولى، وطبعتها الثانية (2011)، والنطفة السوداء لإسماعيل عبدالحافظ (2010)، وحصن الزيدي، للغربي عمران (2019)، وغير مشروعة لجمال الشعري (د.ت)، ورواية زهر الغرام، لأحمد قاسم العريقي (2020)، ورواية المنبوذون، لرياض معطاس (2021).  وقد استعمل البحث النقد الثقافي منهجا لدراسة الظاهرة، وتم تقسيمه إلى مقدمة ومبحثين، ناقش الأول العنف اللفظي، وتطرق الثاني إلى العنف الجسدي، وناقش ما بينهما من تنمر وشتائم وإهانات ومحو كلي وجزئي، وتوصل إلى أن العنف أداة من أدوات التسلط الاجتماعي وتَسَيُّد عنصرٍ (هو الأقوى - المجتمع الأبيض) على آخر أضعف منه (المجتمع الأسود)، وأن المجتمع ظل يمارس العنف ضد الأخدام بشتى أنواعه دون خشية من رقابة، أو سلطة، أو عرف، وقد كانت الرقابة والسلطة والعرف تقف إلى جوار المجتمع المهيمن، وهو ما ضاعف العنف وجعله يصل إلى مراحل أكثر قسوة تتمثل في إلحاق إعاقة حسية أو معنوية بالخادم أو قتله بشكل مجاني.
آليات الحجاج في قصيدة عمرو بن معدي كرب (ليسَ الجمالُ بمئزرٍ)
Authors: القحطاني مذكر بن ناصر
Published: February 2025

يتناول هذا البحث قصيدة عمرو بن معدي كرب الدالية (ليس الجمال بمئزر)؛ بغرض البحث عن آليات الحجاج التي استعملها الشاعر فيها؛ للتأثير في المتلقين، وإقناعهم بأفكاره ورؤاه، معتمدًا على المنهج الحجاجي التداولي، وجاء في مقدمة وتمهيد، ثم ثلاثة مباحث، ونتائج، تناول التمهيد الإطار النظري للحجاج، ونص القصيدة، ولمحة عن موضوع القصيدة (الجمال). وناقش المبحث الأول: آليات الحجاج اللغوي. وتناول المبحث الثاني: آليات الحجاج البلاغي. وتناول المبحث الثالث: آليات الحجاج شبه المنطقي. وكان من أهم نتائج البحث: أن آليات الحجاج اللغوي هي الآليات المسيطرة على النص؛ لأن اللغة بطبيعتها وسيلة حجاجية في الأصل؛ إذ إن من أهدافها إقناع المتلقي والتأثير فيه. وقد تعددت آليات الحجاج اللغوي لدى عمرو بن معدي كرب، وتراوحت بين الكثرة والقلة من حيث الورود، وقد كانت صيغ المبالغة هي الأقل ورودا؛ ولعل ذلك يرجع إلى اهتمام الشاعر بتصوير الواقع كما هو دون مبالغة، فقد كانت شجاعته وبأسه وصبره من الشهرة بمكان؛ ولذا لم ترد هذه الصيغ لديه كثيرًا. واستعان الشاعر بالآليات البلاغية في المحاججة بها، وتمثلت هذه الآليات في التشبيه والاستعارة؛ مما أكسب الخطاب بعدا حجاجيا، مع المحافظة على بُعده الشاعري والجمالي.
تجليات البيئة الاجتماعية في المنجز الشعري لأبي الفرج الببغاء (398هـ)
Authors: اللهيبي ياسمين دخيل بخيت
Published: February 2025

تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى إبراز البيئة الاجتماعية في منجز الببغاء الشعري، وهو من شعراء العصر العباسي الثاني الذي زخر بعدد من الفنون والعلوم؛ التي أثَّرت بشكل إيجابي في نتاجهم الشعري واتجاهاتهم الفنية. وقد حفل نتاجه الشعري بعدد من الأغراض الشعرية المتنوعة. وجاء البحث في مقدمة، وتمهيد، وثلاثة مباحث، وخاتمة، اشتمل التمهيد على التعريف بالشاعر، ونبذة موجزة عن علاقة المجتمع بالأدب، وتناول المبحث الأول: صورة العلاقات الاجتماعية، كصورة الأمراء، والمرأة، والأصدقاء، والمبحث الثاني: صورة القيم الاجتماعية، كصورة الزهد، والشجاعة، والعفو، أما المبحث الثالث: فقد تناول صورة المظاهر الاجتماعية، كالصورة الحضارية، والترف الاجتماعي. وقد اهتمت الدراسة بتحليل النصوص المختارة تحليلًا اجتماعيا فنيا يوضح أن الأدب لا يعكس الواقع فقط، بل يغيره، ويعيد تشكيله بطريقة تُلفت النظر إلى الشكل والأسلوب في اللغة والتعبير. وقد توصلت إلى عدد من النتائج، جاء من أهمها: أن الشاعر قد امتلك قدرة فنية على تصوير الأشياء ونقلها، وتجسيد المحسوسات آنذاك إلى صورة ناطقة حية، بالإضافة إلى أن الشاعر قد جعل القارئ يعيش أجواء المجتمع العباسي، من خلال تصوير العلاقات والقيم والمظاهر الاجتماعية، بشكل لافت من حيث الأسلوب واللغة والسمات الفنية والبنى النصية.
Intelligibility of the English Spoken by Ibbi Yemenis to Indians: A phonetic study
Authors: Al-Khulaidi Mohammed Ali Ali
Published: February 2025

This article aims to investigate the intelligibility of the English spoken by Ibbi Yemenis to Indians. It provides an empirical account on the intelligibility of the English spoken by five Yemeni speakers from Ibb city, Yemen to ten Indian listeners both from south and north India. The study corpus consisted of 67 words read by the speakers and played back to the listeners. These words were recorded by an apple iPhone 5 voice memos recorder model A1428. Data analysis was both quantitative and qualitative. The study findings showed that the influence of Yemeni Arabic dialect impeded the correct pronunciation of specific English phonemes in the speaker’s speech samples, thereby hindering the international intelligibility of their spoken English. The intelligibility of the five Yemeni speakers was below expectations, with only one speaker scoring 50% while the four others scored below this percentage. Other factors hindering the intelligibility of the English spoken by Ibbi Yemenisincluded listener familiarity with English varieties and interlocutors. Grounded on the listeners’ feedback, this study presents strategies to improve the intelligibility of spoken English among Yemeni learners originating from dialect-speciﬁc regions, thereby fostering the improvement of their communicative skills and enhancing their conﬁdence when engaging with global audiences.
Ethics in Translation: A Pathway to Integrity in Future Professionals
Authors: Motair Ali Ali Ahmed , Algobaei Faiz , Alhazmi Mofareh Dhaher
Published: February 2025

Translation is essential for bridging the linguistic gap between languages and cultures. Nevertheless, translators continue making errors and facing difficulties, especially with sensitive content and multifaceted cultures. This study attempts to understand key factors enhancing students' critical thinking skills when translating, which helps them develop a higher level of professional integrity. Therefore, to achieve the study's objective, a sample of 177 students studying translation at different universities was selected. Data were then collected through an online questionnaire and in-person visits to their universities. The study reported interesting findings. It revealed that both Ethical Awareness (EA) and Education and Training (EAT) positively and significantly contributed to enhancing Critical Thinking Skills (CTS) among the students. Furthermore, the study also reported that neither EA nor EAT directly influence Professional Integrity in Translation (PIT). The study further confirmed that CTS positively and significantly mediates the relationship between EA, EAT, and PIT. The study concluded by offering practical and theoretical implications for policymakers, educational institutions, and other interested stakeholders regarding ethical translation and professional integrity.
Accreditation and Quality Assurance: Exploring Impact and Assessing Institutional Change in the US and Saudi Arabian Higher Education Institutions
Authors: Ahmed Mahdi R. Aben
Published: February 2025

This study aims to explore the perceptions of the English language program administrators on institutions in terms of overall program management, faculty development, and improvements in student services and facilities after accreditation. The study uses a mixed methods approach with data collected from a survey and semi-structured interviews with 24 English Language Program (ELP) directors and coordinators for a total of 48 administrators from United States of America and Saudi Arabia that pursued accreditation by Commission on English Language Program Accreditation (CEA). The rationale behind this international approach was that some ELPs in KSA are mostly modelled on similar programs in the USA and these US institutions are accredited by CEA. Results indicated that institutional accreditation signified excellence, enhanced the national ranking of the institutions, and improved overall program management in both US and KSA, and to some extent, encouraged the faculty to upskill in KSA. However, student services and facilities registered only minor changes in the Kingdom post-accreditation but better outcomes in the USA. Moreover, institutions accredited for the first time in the Kingdom registered greater overall improvement in services and facilities than those which were not accredited or were accredited for the second time. The study sets a roadmap for the future of English Language Programs in the Kingdom and can give direction to the administrators and policy makers.
Educational Values in Islam and Confucianism: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Al-Nahdi Yousef Ali Ahmed Saleh , LI YAJUAN
Published: February 2025

This study compares the educational values rooted in Islamic and Confucian traditions, aiming to identify parallels that shape educational practices within these profound cultural and religious contexts. The methodology involves textual analysis and contextual evaluations, with primary references drawn from Islamic sources (the Holy Quran and Hadith) and Confucian texts (Analects, Mencius, Great Learning). It examines the comparative textual content and identifies core values, teachings, and morals defined by Islamic and Confucian principles. The findings reveal that both traditions emphasize moral and ethical development, disciplined learning, and the essential role of education in fostering societal harmony and effective governance. However, they differ in their emphasis, the roles of teacher, and the interplay between religious and secular knowledge. This comparative analysis highlights how foundational philosophical and spiritual texts influence educational paradigms and inform contemporary educational practices in societies shaped by Islam and Confucianism. The study underlines the moral and spiritual grounding of both values systems, particularly within multicultural and multi-religious contexts.
Eugene O'Neill's Play ‘The Emperor Jones’: A New Historicist Reading
Authors: Alshokhada Ahmed Kaid Thabet
Published: February 2025

This study delves into a critical analysis of Eugene O'Neill's tragic play, "The Emperor Jones," employing perspective of the New Historicist Reading as the major methodology of this current study. This study highlights the cultural aspects, the social circumstances and historical events which affected Eugene O'Neill's entire life and career. In fact, Eugene O'Neill wrote the famous "The Emperor Jones'" play with the goal of illuminating the shocking behaviors of cannibalism and primitivism which are most often associated with the early twentieth century conception of primitive black Africa. This study seeks to examine the play's historical context, revealing its temporal setting, significant events and contemporaneous social concerns in which it was produced. ‘The Emperor Jones' play is considered a cultural, social, political commentary on the racism, slavery, injustice, and discrimination which were common in the United States community in 1920. Proudly, Eugene O'Neill is a pioneer of modern American drama in the early 20th century. He was a critic of the whole structure of his contemporary community in 1920. In spite of the playwright's artistry O'Neill in writing his famous tragedy "The Emperor Jones," was influenced by the political, economic and social factors, including particular historical events in the era in which it was written (1920), namely imperialism, colonization, the U.S. occupation of Haiti, the economic boom, spread of capitalism and the civil war of such a period. The main idea of “The Emperor Jones'" play, will lead our attention to the American policy towards the Caribbean islands and the racial discrimination history between the whites and the blacks in American society, and also the internal conflicts among the dissent groups and the dominant authority in America. From this perspective, this study seeks to provide an in-depth interpretation of the play from the standpoint of the New Historicism Reading, with special attention to the events, themes, characters which are both inside and outside of contexts of the tragedy.
Metode dan Algoritma Dalam Data Clustering: Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Adji Dian Restu , Lutfina Erba , Ferdianto Bhekti Eka , Prashanti Eva , Anwarri Kenza Amelia Putri , Prayogo Syahrul Rizqi
Published: February 2025

This study is Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of 34 journals related to data grouping techniques (clustering). The main objective of the study is to investigate the use of clustering methods in various research fields. In order to achieve this goal, this study answers five main research questions. First, this study analyzes research fields where clustering methods are often used in data mining applications. Second, this study identifies the most frequently used clustering methods based on data from the journals that have been collected. Third, this study determines the clustering method that provides the most optimal number of groups (clustering) based on the analysis of these journals. Fourth, this study identifies the types of data sets that are most often used in the context of clustering. Finally, this study looks at the distribution of the publication years of these journals to present a time frame of the development of clustering research. The results of this study provide in-depth insight into the trend of the use of clustering methods in various research contexts, provide information on the most commonly used methods, identify methods that provide optimal results, describe the dominant types of data sets, and provide a chronological perspective on the development of clustering research. These findings can provide valuable guidance for researchers interested in applying or developing clustering methods in specific fields.
Taxonomic knowledge on the biodiversity of bivalve mollusks on the Algerian west coast
Authors: Boukli Hacene Mohammed Salah Eddine
Published: February 2025

Given the limited understanding of benthic fauna along the Algerian coast, this study was conducted to explore the diversity of bivalve mollusks specifically on the Algerian west coast. The primary objectives of this study were to create a comprehensive but not exhaustive inventory of bivalve species in this region and to analyze the distribution of these species within the study areas and neighboring regions. The research involved the investigation of numerous sandy beaches across four sectors of the Algerian west coast: Tlemcen, Béni-Saf, Ain-Temouchent, and Oran. Between June 2019 and April 2020, a random collection of empty bivalve shells was carried out in the foreshore zones of 16 beaches within these sectors. This extensive collection of 10,076 shells resulted in the identification of 56 bivalve mollusk species, categorized into 22 families. Among these families, the most prominent were Cardiidae, Donacidae, Glycymerididae, and Veneridae, serving as the most representative families across all four sectors. Notably, the Glycymerididae family was the most abundant along the Oran coast, with nearly 2,000 individuals, although they were less prevalent on the beaches of the Béni Saf sector. In contrast, the Veneridae family was prevalent on the beaches of the Tlemcen, Béni Saf, and Aïn-Témouchent sectors. Within the Veneridae family, there was remarkable diversity, featuring 11 species, followed by the Cardiidae family with 6 species, and the Limidae and Pectinidae families with 5 species each. Finally, among the identified species, the most abundant ones included Acanthocardia tuberculata (Linnaeus, 1758), Chamelea gallina (Linnaeus, 1758), Glycymeris nummaria (Linnaeus, 1758), and Donax trunculus (Linnaeus, 1758), each belonging to the Cardiidae, Veneridae, Glycymerididae, and Donacidae families, respectively.
Development Of Post-Operative Rehabilitation Booklet For Lumbar Spinal Decompression And Fixation Surgery
Authors: Maheshwari Ayushi , Srivastava Mansi , Singh Meenakshi , Sharma Monika , Sharma Manvi
Published: February 2025

RESEARCH DESIGN: A methodological study
OBJECTIVE: To Develop And Validate A Booklet For Post Operative Rehabilitation Of Lumbar Spine Decompression And Fixation Surgery Individuals.
BACKGROUND OF STUDY: Individuals often have numerous questions regarding spine surgeries, including inquiries like: What actions should be taken? What actions should be avoided? Is undergoing surgery a safe option? What precautions are necessary after surgery? After examining a large number of studies to address these concerns, researchers discovered that there isn't a definitive physiotherapy program for LSDF patients that can ease their fears and dispel their misconceptions. Consequently, the researcher proposed the creation of an informational booklet.
Educating patients has proven to be advantageous in numerous surgical procedures, leading to improved surgery outcomes related to pain, disability, and overall quality of life.
METHODOLOGY : The booklet was developed using the following 5 step-by-step techniques. 1)The domains of the training booklet were identified by a literature study, informal interviews, and questionnaires completed by 5 neurosurgeons and 5 physiotherapists were used to determine the domains of educational booklet. 2) Literature review to create a preliminary copy of the booklet and develop the content for the various disciplines. 3)The booklet should be modified in accordance with the suggestions made by physiotherapists and surgeons in order to create the final version. 4) Evaluation of the booklet by Suitability Assessment and Material Questionnaire (SAM) filled by physiotherapists and surgeons. 5) Pilot study on patients to gather feedback on the created booklet.
RESULTS : According to the reliability given by 10 panelists i.e. 5 physiotherapists & 5 spine surgeons in a SAM Questionnaire and validity given by all 15 panelists i.e. 5 physiotherapists, 5 spine surgeons and 5 patients in a CVI value. After filling the SAM scale, 8 of 10 panelists gave the score between 38 and 42 SAM score, which translates to a % score between 70-100% SAM %. calculated by a specific formula.
The data analysis of SAM for this study represents superior quality content (70-100%). Thus, this confirms the reliability of the booklet. Lastly, Content Validity Ratio (CVR) was calculated. The CVR value achieved for all the 10 items is in a positive integer. Thus, this confirms the validity of the booklet.
CONCLUSION: According to the Suitability Assessment and Material Questionnaire, the developed patient educational booklet entitled "Treat Your Back By Yourself" was fairly easy to understand, therefore it should be included in patient education.
The Effectiveness Of Comparing Stretching And PNF In Improving Functional Activity In Stroke Patients
Authors: Anand Shaurya , Sharma Dr. Monika
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Stroke is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide, significantly affecting individuals' mobility and functional independence. Rehabilitation plays a crucial role in improving the quality of life for stroke survivors. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of Stretching and Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) in enhancing functional activity in stroke patients. The goal of physiotherapy interventions in stroke rehabilitation is to improve functional activity, reduce impairments, and enhance the quality of life for stroke survivors. Various therapeutic techniques are employed in physiotherapy to achieve these outcomes, with two widely used interventions being stretching exercises and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF). Both methods aim to improve mobility, flexibility, strength, and coordination, but they differ in their approaches and techniques.
Objectives
1. To evaluate the impact of stretching on stroke rehabilitation.
2. To assess the effectiveness of PNF in improving functional mobility.
3. To compare the efficacy of both techniques in stroke rehabilitation.
Methodology: A total of 40 patients diagnosed with stroke-induced hemiplegia were randomly assigned to two groups: one receiving stretching exercises and the other undergoing PNF training. Outcome measures included Functional Reach Test (FRT), Electromyogram (EMG) readings, and functional mobility scores. Results indicated that while both interventions led to significant improvements, PNF demonstrated superior efficacy in enhancing muscle activation, range of motion, and overall functional activity. These findings suggest that incorporating PNF into stroke rehabilitation programs may yield better outcomes than stretching alone.
Results: The findings show that the two groups' improvements in functional activity differed significantly. When compared to stretching exercises, PNF showed a more noticeable improvement in mobility ratings.
Conclusion: According to this study, PNF is a better strategy for stroke rehabilitation than stretching alone. Although both strategies are beneficial for stroke rehabilitation, PNF offers greater advantages in terms of enhancing functional activity. It is advised to conduct more study with a bigger sample size.
Economia de dados e erosão dos fatos na política democrática
Authors: Bezerra de Oliveira José Adeildo , Abreu de Morais Argus Romero
Published: February 2025

A presente reflexão trata da importância dos fatos para a política democrática e para a formação do pensamento político. Considera, para tanto, o modelo de negócios que sustenta a internet e as plataformas digitais e que, estruturalmente, tem se oposto à política democrática e à realidade fática, causando-lhes danos ainda maiores do que em outros períodos históricos. Como referencial teórico, o texto ancora-se no pensamento de Hannah Arendt, além de realizar um recorte das ideias de autores como Maquiavel e Weber sobre a relevância dos fatos para a política. Expõe, por fim, o modelo de negócios do capitalismo de vigilância, estruturado em torno da economia de dados pessoais, apontando os riscos que esse modelo de negócios representa para a política democrática, notadamente em períodos eleitorais. O método adotado para atingir os fins desta pesquisa é o hipotético-dedutivo. Quanto aos procedimentos, adotou-se a pesquisa bibliográfica.
Fraude à cota de gênero, cassação de mulheres eleitas e Teoria do Impacto Desproporcional: uma breve análise da legislação eleitoral à luz da jurisprudência
Authors: Figueirêdo da Silveira Michel , Moreira Gonçalves Flávio José , Lourenço Muniz Braga Janderson
Published: February 2025

O impacto das decisões judiciais na vida dos cidadãos e a necessidade de garantir uma maior participação feminina na política brasileira nos levou ao presente estudo, que busca realizar uma análise concisa da política institucional estabelecida pela denominada “cota de gênero”, através de alterações legais, com especial enfoque à sua possível fraude, além de examinar a cassação de mulheres eleitas e a teoria do impacto desproporcional, com base no art. 20, §5º, da Resolução/TSE 23.609/2019 e na jurisprudência do Supremo Tribunal Federal (ADI 6338/DF). Inicialmente, trataremos do envolvimento feminino na política brasileira e sua pequena representatividade, apesar de constituírem a maioria do eleitorado de nosso país. Veremos também que, apesar das garantias constitucionais de igualdade e de medidas inclusivas, a exemplo da cota eleitoral de gênero, que reserva, no mínimo, 30% das candidaturas para cada sexo, estas não têm sido eficazes na promoção da participação feminina na política. Buscamos, portanto, analisar a fraude à cota de gênero, trazendo exemplos hipotéticos e o caso prático decidido pelo Tribunal Regional Eleitoral do Ceará, que teve como consequência a cassação de mulheres eleitas, bem como a relação destes com o impacto desproporcional, à luz da jurisprudência do Supremo Tribunal Federal (ADI 6338/DF), do Tribunal Superior Eleitoral e com base na concomitante análise das normas eleitorais de nosso país, considerando-se que a cassação de todos os candidatos beneficiados por fraude à cota de gênero pode resultar na injusta remoção de mulheres legitimamente eleitas. Ao final, concluímos que se faz necessário encontrar um equilíbrio para o fim de promover a igualdade de gênero e, ao mesmo tempo, garantir a devida efetividade as medidas de inserção das mulheres na política brasileira, e isto envolve a revisão das políticas de cotas e da interpretação jurisprudencial, de modo a conferir uma participação equitativa das mulheres.
Possibilidade de candidatura e filiação partidária de indivíduos inelegíveis e com direitos políticos suspensos à luz das Súmulas 19, 69 e 70 do TSE e legislação pertinente
Authors: Mariano Jonas , Rezende Vinicius , Freitas Lúcio , Fernandes Neto Raimundo Augusto
Published: February 2025

O presente artigo explora a interação entre inelegibilidade e suspensão de direitos políticos no contexto do Direito Eleitoral brasileiro. Focando nos casos fictícios de Josias e Jéssica, condenados por abuso de poder e improbidade administrativa, respectivamente. O estudo analisa a aplicabilidade das normas eleitorais para determinar suas elegibilidades nas eleições de 2024. A investigação considera a Lei Complementar nº 64/1990, a Lei nº 14.230/2021, a Lei dos Partidos Políticos e as Súmulas nº 19, 69 e 70 do Tribunal Superior Eleitoral. A metodologia empregada inclui análise documental e revisão de jurisprudências relevantes para avaliar a compatibilidade entre os períodos de inelegibilidade e a possibilidade de filiação partidária. A hipótese central é que, mesmo após condenações, as novas normas eleitorais, sobretudo as decisões mais recentes do TSE, permitem a reintegração de indivíduos ao processo eleitoral, condicionada ao cumprimento dos prazos legais. A análise revela ainda a necessidade do dolo específico para configurar a improbidade administrativa e examina a mudança de filiação partidária durante os períodos de inelegibilidade e suspensão de direitos políticos.
A atuação do Tribunal Superior Eleitoral no combate às fake news no processo eleitoral de 2022
Authors: Rolim Leandro , Lima das Neves Lícia , Da Silva Feitosa Mileny , Alves da Silva Adriana
Published: February 2025

No Brasil, a partir das eleições gerais de 2018, observou-se um aumento exponencial na quantidade de fake news. Dada a importância dos pleitos eleitorais periódicos no país, é essencial a atuação rápida e eficaz Poder Judiciário para garantir a igualdade e o devido processo no âmbito eleitoral. Nesse sentido, o presente artigo objetiva discutir a atuação do Tribunal Superior Eleitoral no combate às fake news no processo eleitoral de 2022. Para tanto, realizou-se pesquisa bibliográfica, com objetivo descritivo e abordagem qualitativa, a partir da utilização do método hermenêutico-sistemático. Inicialmente, abordam-se brevemente aspectos gerais sobre as fake news, enfatizando o contexto eleitoral. Em seguida, discutem-se, nessa seara, os limites do princípio da liberdade de expressão, frequentemente utilizado com a pretensão de justificar a propagação de fake news. Por fim, descreve-se a atuação do Tribunal Superior Eleitoral frente à propagação de desinformação política, no contexto do pleito eleitoral de 2022. Verificou-se que o referido Tribunal passou a adotar uma postura mais combativa com relação às fake news, diferentemente da postura mantida no pleito eleitoral de 2018, mediante ações planejadas, estratégicas, continuadas e que envolveram outras instituições e a sociedade. A nova postura evidenciou fortemente o debate, no contexto eleitoral, sobre os limites da liberdade de expressão, não podendo essa prejudicar o devido processo eleitoral.
Pengaruh Penghargaan, Kompensasi, Dan Penggunaan Teknologi Terhadap Produktivitas Karyawan PT QRS
Authors: Perta Ciya Gusyaf , Rozamuri Arif Murti
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini membahas tentang hubungan serta pengaruh antara penghargaan, kompensasi, dan penggunaan teknologi yang dirasakan oleh karyawan pada salah satu perusahaan distribusi bahan bakar yang berada di Sumatera barat dalam meningkatkan produktivitas karyawan tersebut. Tingginya tingkat produktivitas dapat menunjang karyawan dalam aspek pekerjaan namun terdapat beberapa komponen dalam bidang pekerjaan yang mempengaruhi hal tersebut seperti pemberian penghargaan dan kompensasi yang sesuai dengan kinerja karyawan, serta teknologi modern yang dapat meningkatkan efektivitas pekerjaan karyawan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif. Sampel penelitian ini diambil dari salah satu perusahaan distribusi bahan bakar yang berada di Sumatera barat. Pada penelitian ini terdapat juga penarikan sampel secara non-probabilitas melalui teknik purposive sampling, dengan jumlah sampel 61 orang. Pengelolaan data yang terdapat dalam penelitian ini menggunakan program software SPSS dengan versi 25.0 (Statistic Package for the Social Science). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh secara signifikan dari variabel penghargaan, kompensasi, dan penggunaan teknologi terhadap produktivitas karyawan PT QRS. Penelitian ini berkontribusi dalam upaya meningkatkan produkivitas karyawan melalui penghargaan, kompensasi dan penggunaan teknologi.
 
This study discusses the relationship and influence between rewards, compensation, and the use of technology employees feel at a fuel distribution company in West Sumatra in increasing employee productivity. High levels of productivity can support employees in terms of work. Still, several components in the field of work influence this, such as providing rewards and compensation that are in accordance with employee performance, as well as modern technology that can increase employee work effectiveness. The method used in this study is quantitative research. The sample of this study was taken from a fuel distribution company in West Sumatra. This study used non-probability sampling through purposive sampling techniques, with a sample size of 61 people. Data management in this study used the SPSS software program with version 25.0 (Statistic Package for the Social Sciences). The results showed that the variables of rewards, compensation, and the use of technology significantly influenced employee productivity at PT QRS. This research contributes to efforts to increase employee productivity through rewards, compensation, and the use of technology.
Financial Literacy In Gen Z Generation (Case Study at Bina Taruna University Gorontalo)
Authors: Akibun Fitria , Prayitno Henro , Z Ria , Otto Nur
Published: February 2025

This study aims to assess the level of financial literacy among Generation Z students at Bina Taruna Gorontalo University, focusing on personal financial management, the influence of social media on financial decisions, and the use of financial applications and tools. The research method employed is a quantitative approach with a descriptive design, involving data collection through surveys distributed to students. The findings reveal that the majority of students frequently create monthly budgets (42.9%) and have the habit of comparing prices before making purchases (71%), indicating a relatively good level of financial awareness. However, there is still a lack of saving habits, as more than half of the students do not have savings (52.4%). The influence of social media on students' financial decisions is quite significant, with 52.4% of students acknowledging its impact. The use of financial applications is also relatively low, with only 38% of students using them frequently. In conclusion, financial literacy among students at Bina Taruna Gorontalo University needs to be improved, particularly in the areas of saving and utilizing financial applications. An intensive financial education program is required to better equip students with the skills to manage their personal finances wisely.
The Effect of Job Satisfaction, Discipline, and Work Environment on Employee Work Improvement at the Serdang Bedagai Regency DPRD Office
Authors: Nurul Fachira  , Slamet Widodo
Published: February 2025

The Effect of Job Satisfaction, Discipline, and Work Environment on Employee Work Improvement at the Serdang Bedagai Regency DPRD Office. Under the guidance of Slamet Widodo. This study aims to analyze the influence of job satisfaction, discipline, and work environment on the improvement of employee work at the Serdang Bedagai Regency DPRD Office. Using a quantitative method with a survey approach, data was obtained through a questionnaire distributed to 30 respondents. The results of multiple linear regression analysis show that the three independent variables have a significant influence on employee performance. This study provides recommendations to improve job satisfaction, discipline, and the quality of the work environment to increase employee productivity. A neat and comfortable work environment can be ensured to make employee performance achieve in accordance with the vision and mission of the Secretariat of the Regional House of Representatives of Serdang Bedagai Regency. In this study, quantitative data and qualitative data research are used. There are two sources of data used, namely primary data and secondary data. The research method uses the explanatory survey method. This study was conducted on 30 employees by distributing preliminary questionnaires and follow-up questionnaires on variables X and Y. The research used the Nonprobability Sampling method. The coefficient hypothesis test uses the SPSS program.
The Influence of Financial Literacy and Lifestyle on Use of Fintech Payment For Students University Faculty of Social Sciences Universitas Pembangunan Panca Budi
Authors: Pangaribuan Tarima Nurhayati , Pohan Syahrial Hasanuddin
Published: February 2025

The development of digital financial technology in payments has changed the behavior of financial transactions, especially among the younger generation. This study aims to find out and analyze the influence of Financial Literacy and Lifestyle on the use of fintech payment in students of the Faculty of Social Sciences, Panca Budi Development University. This type of research is an associative research with a quantitative approach, using questionnaires as a data collection tool. The sample in this study consisted of 70 students majoring in Management at Panca Budi Development University, which was determined using slovin calculations. For data analysis, multiple linear regression was used with the help of  SPSS software version 23. The results of the study show that partially, Financial Literacy does not affect the use of Fintech Payment, while Lifestyle has a significant positive influence on the use of Fintech Payment. Simultaneously, Financial Literacy and Lifestyle have a positive and significant influence on the use of Fintech Payment for Management Students at Panca Budi Development University. This research model is able to explain 29.7% of the variations in the use of fintech payments.
The Effect of Liquidity, Profitability, and Solvency on Dividend Policy in Mining Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange
Authors: Muhammad Rajali  , Noni Ardian  , Hernawaty
Published: February 2025

The development of the iron and steel sub-sector mining industry in Indonesia has shown significant growth in recent years. This sector has a strategic role in supporting national infrastructure development and contributing to state revenue. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of liquidity, profitability, and solvency on dividend policy in iron and steel sub-sector mining companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. This study uses a quantitative approach with descriptive and verification methods. The study population consists of 10 iron and steel sub-sector mining companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The sampling technique is purposive sampling based on criteria so that the number of samples becomes 9 companies. The independent variables in this study include liquidity as measured by the Current Ratio, profitability as measured by Return on Asset, and solvency as measured by the Debt to Equity Ratio. While the dependent variable is dividend policy as measured by the Dividend Payout Ratio. Data collection techniques are carried out through documentation studies and literature studies. Data analysis uses panel data regression with the help of Eviews 12 software. The results of the study indicate that liquidity (CR) does not have a significant effect on dividend policy. While profitability (ROA) and solvency (DER) have a significant effect on dividend policy. Simultaneously, the three independent variables have a significant effect on dividend policy with a determination coefficient of 61.54%, while the rest is influenced by other factors not examined in this study.
Analysis of Work Environment, Training and Job Promotion on Employee Job Satisfaction of PT JNE Express Medan Main Branch
Authors: Pratama Wira Yudha , Wilchan Robain  , Sebayang Saimara AM
Published: February 2025

This research was conducted at PT JNE Express Main Branch Medan with the aim of analyzing the influence of the work environment, job training and job promotion on employee job satisfaction. The population is employees working in the company as many as 55 outbound employees with sampling with saturated samples so that the number of research samples is 55 respondents. The type of data used is primary data and the data source used is secondary data, data collection techniques using literature studies, surveys and observations. Data analysis techniques are multiple linear regression, classical assumption tests and hypothesis tests. The results of the study are that the work environment, job training and job promotion partially and simultaneously have a significant effect on employee job satisfaction in the company. There is a strong correlation between the work environment, job training and job promotion with employee job satisfaction in the company. Employee job satisfaction in the company can be explained by the work environment, job training and job promotion by 52.4% and the remaining 47.6%% can be explained by other variables not studied.
The Effect of Financial Literacy and Lifestyle on Financial Behavior through Income in Employees of Penthouse 19th Medan
Authors: Nurianna Sihombing  , Sari Maya Macia
Published: February 2025

This study aims to analyze the influence of financial literacy and lifestyle on financial behavior through income intervening variables in Penthouse 19 year old employees. The location of this research was carried out at the Penthouse 19th Medan Restaurant. This type of research is a descriptive research with a quantitative approach, with the SmartPLS analysis method assisted by SmartPLS Software 4.1.0.4. The sample of this study was 60 respondents who were employees of Penthouse 19th. The results of this study showed that Financial Literacy (X1) did not have a significant positive effect on Financial Behavior (Y), Financial Literacy (X1) did not have a significant positive effect on Income (Z), Lifestyle (X2) had a significant positive influence on Financial Behavior (Y), Lifestyle (X2) did not have a significant positive effect on Income (Z), Income (Z) did not have a significant positive effect on Financial Behavior (Y),  Financial Literacy does not have a significant positive effect on Financial Behavior through Income, Lifestyle does not have a significant positive effect on Financial Behavior through Income.
Analysis of Financial Statements As A Means of Measuring Financial Performance In The Banking Business In Indonesia
Authors: Azzahra Wirda , Wulandari Amanda , Harianto Najla , Sucipto Tia
Published: February 2025

This study aims to analyze financial statements as a tool for measuring financial performance in the banking business in Indonesia. Financial statements are essential sources of information for assessing the health and stability of banks and supporting effective strategic decision-making. The analysis of financial statements is conducted using ratio analysis methods, including liquidity, solvency, and profitability ratios, each of which provides insights into a bank’s ability to meet short-term and long-term obligations, as well as generate profits. This research uses secondary data, including annual financial statements and literature studies, to evaluate the financial performance of banks in Indonesia. The findings show that financial statements, especially through ratio analysis, are highly useful for measuring financial performance and providing a comprehensive picture of the efficiency and effectiveness of bank financial management. These findings can serve as a reference for bank management in formulating better financial policies and for stakeholders to evaluate potential risks and investment opportunities in the banking sector.
Study Literature Review of Financial Analysis on PT Bluebird In Medan City
Authors: Siregar Sri , Sembiring Tanti , Sucipto Tia
Published: February 2025

This study aims to analyse the financial performance of PT Blue Bird in Medan City within [time span]. The analysis was conducted using financial ratios, such as liquidity, solvency, profitability, and activity. The results showed that PT Blue Bird has good financial performance indicated by high profitability ratios]. Factors affecting the financial performance of PT Blue Bird were also identified, such as business competition, government regulations, and technological developments. This research is expected to contribute to a better understanding of the financial performance of transport companies in Indonesia, especially PT Blue Bird.