bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Imágenes, alhajas, ornamentos y mobiliario de la Compañía de Jesús en Murcia. Inventario y distribución de sus bienes tras la expulsión de 1767
Authors: García Zapata Ignacio José
Published: November 2021

La expulsión de los jesuitas en 1767 supuso la puesta en marcha de un amplio sistema administrativo centrado en la gestión de las posesiones que habían pertenecido hasta entonces a la Compañía de Jesús. Una de los cometidos que tenían que llevar a cabo estos consejos estaba centrado en el inventariado y distribución de las alhajas y ornamentos que esta orden tenía en sus colegios e iglesias. En el caso de Murcia, el inventario efectuado para tal fin, ofrece una panorámica general del estado en el que se encontraba la Iglesia de San Esteban aquel año. Asimismo, la documentación conservada refleja el destino de algunas alhajas y ornamentos que, siguiendo las indicaciones reales, fueron divididas y distribuidas, quedando algunas en el templo original, pasando otras a las parroquias pobres y llegando otras al convento franciscano de Santa Catalina del Monte. En este artículo se analiza este inventario, así como la distribución de sus alhajas y ornamentos, conforme a lo que sucedió en otros territorios españoles, incluyendo el propio caso de Caravaca de la Cruz, con el fin de ofrecer una visión global.

The expulsion of the Jesuits in 1767 entailed the setting up of a broad administrative system focused on the management of the goods heretofore belonging to the Society of Jesus. Among the tasks that these councils were meant to accomplish appears the inventory and distribution of the silverware and ornaments that had been preserved by this order in its colleges and churches. In the case of Murcia, the executed inventory for that purpose offers an overview of the state of the Church of San Esteban in that year. Additionally, the documentation preserved reflects the destination of the silverware and ornaments: some of them were kept in the temple, some were sent to poorer parishes and some ended up in the Franciscan convent of Santa Catalina del Monte. This inventory has been analysed in this paper, as well as the distribution of its silverware and ornaments, according to what occurred in other Spanish territories, including the case of Caravaca de la Cruz, with the aim of offering a general picture.
Los Cynegetica de pseudo-Opiano, ¿poema incompleto?
Authors: Martínez García Sebastián
Published: November 2021

En las primeras ediciones y estudios consagrados a los Cynegetica de pseudo-Opiano se argumentaba que el poema estaba incompleto; esta opinión se basaba principalmente en la promesa incumplida de III 404-6 y en la falta de un epílogo. Dando por válidas esas razones, el presente artículo estudia, en primer lugar, el contenido de los libros II y III, en los cuales se observan numerosos indicios de que el poeta conocía muchos más datos sobre la caza que los expuestos en el libro IV. En segundo lugar, estas páginas prestan atención al marcado contraste que se aprecia entre el esmerado proemio del libro IV y su abrupto final. Ambos aspectos, que anteriormente no habían sido apenas tenidos en cuenta, permiten completar la argumentación a favor del estado inacabado de los Cynegetica.

From the first editions and studies about the Cynegetica of pseudo-Oppian it has been argued that the poem was incomplete; it was based on the broken promise of III 404-6 and on the lack of an epilogue. Considering these reasons as valid, this article first studies the content of the books II and III, in which it is possible to find many indications that the author knew much more about the theme of the book IV (the description of hunting) than he revealed. Next, we pay attention to the contrast between the careful proem of the book IV and its abrupt ending. Both aspects that have been scarcely considered before enable to show the shortcoming of the book IV.
La parodo dell’Eracle di Euripide: tradizione critica della colometria e del testo
Authors: Santé Paolo
Published: November 2021

Analizo el texto y la colometría de los mss. Laurentianus plut. 32,2 (L) y Laurentianus conv. soppr. 172 + Palatinus gr. 287 (P) para el canto de entrada del coro de Heracles. Muchos lugares han sido discutidos y corregidos por un autorizado grupo de filólogos. Los discutiré nuevamente, proponiendo una defensa del texto antiguo y la colometría donde creo haber encontrado argumentos adecuados. Las ediciones modernas modifican la colometría en varios lugares, anulando la mezcla de cola yámbicos y trocaicos, que en cambio tiene su propia ratio. La presencia de los ἴαμβοι podría remontarse al género ialemos, una forma de lamento fúnebre, y la mezcla con los τροχαῖοι es típica del estilo de Eurípides, cuando quiere insistir en un tono sombrío y lúgubre. Cuando la atención de los ancianos de sí mismos se desplaza a los niños de Heracles, la versificación se vuelve en hypodochmi y τροχαῖοι como resultado de un tono más trepidante.

This work analyzes text and colometry of mss. Laurentianus plut. 32,2 (L) and Laurentianus conv. soppr. 172 + Palatinus gr. 287 (P) for the chorus’ entrance song of Heracles. Many places have been discussed and corrected by an authoritative group of philologists. I will re-discuss them, proposing a defense of the ancient text and colometry, where I believe I have found suitable arguments. The modern editions modify the colometry in several places, cancelling the mixture of iambic and trochaic cola, which instead has its own ratio. The presence of ἴαμβοι could be traced back to ialemos genus, a form of funeral lament, and the mixture with τροχαῖοι is typical of Euripide’s style, when he wants to insist on a sombre and mournful tone. When the attention of the elderly people from themselves shifts to Heracles’ children, the versification turns into hypodochmi and τροχαῖοι as a result of a more trepidating tone.
Tornando su Persio chol. 14 (e Cesio Basso)
Authors: Zurli Loriano
Published: November 2021

The article disputes the conclusions of Paolo d'Alessandro regarding two metra prototypa called into question in the discussion concerning the constitution of the text of the last verse of Persius' choliambi, as it appears in the critical edition of 2010 by Scivoletto – Zurli, and it mostly rejects the constitutio textus proposed by Paolo d’Alessandro who does not consider the handwritten position of the two readings nectar and melos included by him both in v. 14 with rhetorical and metric forcing.

L'articolo confuta le conclusioni di Paolo d'Alessandro riguardanti due metra prototypa chiamati in causa nella discussione relativa alla costituzione del testo dell'ultimo verso dei choliambi di Persio, cosí come appare nell'edizione critica del 2010 di Scivoletto - Zurli, e soprattutto rifiuta la constitutio textus proposta da Paolo d'Alessandro che non considera la posizione manoscritta delle due letture nectar e melos da lui inserite entrambe nel v. 14 con forzature retoriche e metriche.
Landslide Mapping And Characterization For Agriculturally Intensive Mountainous Region Of Cameron Highlands, Malaysia
Authors:   Geoscience Department, Geomapping Technology Sdn. Bhd., 806A & 807A (1st floor), Kompleks Diamond, Jalan Seksyen 1/16, Seksyen 1, 43650 Bandar Baru Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia, Rahim Afiq F.A. , Jaapar Abd Rasid ,   Geoscience Department, Geomapping Technology Sdn. Bhd., 806A & 807A (1st floor), Kompleks Diamond, Jalan Seksyen 1/16, Seksyen 1, 43650 Bandar Baru Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia, Mohamad Zakaria ,   Geoscience Department, Geomapping Technology Sdn. Bhd., 806A & 807A (1st floor), Kompleks Diamond, Jalan Seksyen 1/16, Seksyen 1, 43650 Bandar Baru Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
Published: November 2021

Relatively cool tropical climate with high annual rainfall experienced in mountainous tropical region creates favorable agricultural areas where intensive agricultural practices often correlate with increasing landslide events. While it has long been associated with landslides, agricultural practice in such areas especially in Cameron Highlands, Malaysia continues to flourish with minimal regard to environmental sustainability and safety. Therefore, this study aims to confirm the relationship between human activities and landslide occurrences and identify human practices that directly or indirectly cause landslides. Aerial photograph was used to identify landslides and anthropogenic features while other remotely sensed data including Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (IFSAR) were used to establish the geomorphology of study area. A total of 207 landslides were identified in a 25 km2 area from remote sensing study and field mapping. They were superimposed over several potential contributing factors including geology, slope gradient and human activities. This study found that landslides are more likely to occur in areas greater than 15° of slope angle. The main factor, however, is the human factor where 164 landslides (79.22% of total identified landslides) were located in agricultural lands. Poorly planned and engineered agricultural farms were identified as the main causal factors for landslide occurrences at the study area, either directly or indirectly. These issues were observed through remote sensing study using aerial photograph which were then verified through site observations. New district development plan called for a stricter regulations in new tourism and agricultural developments. Improvements should also be implemented on existing agricultural activities where most of these landslides were located at this area. Therefore, in addition to controlling new developments, improving of existing agricultural practices in Cameron Highlands shall be a major focus in ensuring slope safety and their sustainability.
Identification And Characterization Of Geoheritage Resources At Hulu Langat, Selangor
Authors:   Institut Alam Sekitar dan Pembangunan (LESTARI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia, Unjah Tanot , Yusry Muzaffar ,   Institut Alam Sekitar dan Pembangunan (LESTARI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia, Simon Norbert ,   Program Geologi, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi (FST), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
Published: November 2021

Identification and characterization of geodiversity for sites need more systematic approach for the purpose of conserving site with high geoheritage value. The present of igneous and metamorphic rock at Hulu Langat creates diversity in rock, features and geomorphological features includes hot spring, waterfall, hill and mountain that hold potential as a protected geosite of heritage value. Besides, the previous tin mining activities created by the contact metamorphism, left series of lakes and ponds while the nearby mountain is susceptible area as watershed that turn into dams around the area. Analysis on topographical maps, satellite image and aerial photograph interpretation aided in identification potential geosite based on geomorphological diversity. A total of 31 potential geosites with geological-scientific value have been identified in this study compare to 10 from the previous study. The potential geosite have been classified into rock diversity, natural landscape diversity and anthropogenic landscape diversity. Characterisation recognise 6 of these potential geosite are best example or tip location to illustrate the geological element, 4 of these geosites are the only occurrence of the geological element, 27 of the potential geosites are well preserved and 4 hold the scientific knowledge written in the international journal. The identification and characterisation of geoheritage resources are crucial steps before evaluation or assessment, ranking and conservation or development being propose, while strengthen the conservation geology approach.
Petrography And Field Study Of Andesitic Ignimbrite In Temangan, Kelantan
Authors:   Department of Geoscience, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP),32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia, Shahman Nur Shafiqah , James Elvaene ,   Faculty of Earth Science, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan Kampus Jeli, Locked Bag 100, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia, Achmad Bahar Arham Muchtar ,   Faculty of Earth Science, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan Kampus Jeli, Locked Bag 100, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia, Hadhi Muhammad Irfan ,   Faculty of Earth Science, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan Kampus Jeli, Locked Bag 100, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia, Anuar Norazif ,   Department of Geoscience, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP),32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
Published: November 2021

The volcanic rocks in Temangan, Kelantan consist of felsic to intermediate volcanic rocks, that is mainly of pyroclastic with rhyolitic, dacitic, and andesitic tuff. A geological review has been carried out in Kampung Bukit Besi, Temangan, in Kelantan, Malaysia, which is composed of schist, shale, andesite, and ignimbrite. In Temangan, andesite and ignimbrite show an intimate relationship, as the ignimbrite exists as the fragments and andesite as the matrix. The methodology used in this study are petrography and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analyses, to determine the mineralogical composition of andesitic ignimbrite. Andesite shows aphenitic and porphyritic textures and consist of pyroxene, plagioclase, alkali feldspar, quartz, biotite and iron oxides. A range of plagioclase textures indicate imperfect equilibrium condition from andesite, reflecting plagioclase dissolution and regrowth. The structural analysis suggest that thrust fault occurred in the study area. Andesite and ignimbrite of the two stages are suggested to have derived from the andesite magma eruption which produced pyroclastic flow eruptions in small amount in most caldera volcanoes at high temperature gradient.
The Standards Association: A Hybrid Governance Structure Between Market and Network
Authors: Rouquet Aurélien
Published: November 2021

Since the beginning of the 20th century, many standards associations have emerged. The purpose of this theoretical article is to demonstrate that standards associations can be seen as a governance structure, and to position this structure in the transaction cost theory. A standards association is defined as any formal organization set up to develop common standards. The operating logic of the standards association is for associates to design common standards, and then to make the adoption of these standards a criterion for entering into a transaction. The article shows that it is a hybrid structure between market and network.
Investigation of Numerical Hydrodynamic Performance of Deformable Hydrofoil (Applied on Blade Propeller)
Authors: Abidin Noh Zainal , Leblond Cédric , Yolhamid Mohd Najib Abdul Ghani , Zarim Mohamad Abu Ubaidah Amir Abu , Ibrahim Farizha , Suhel Ameer
Published: November 2021

The hydrofoil is a hydro-lifting surface that significantly contributes to marine transportation such as a boat, ship, and submarine for its movement and maneuverability. The existing hydrofoils are in fixed-shaped National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) profiles, depending merely on the variation of Angle of Attack (AOA) such as rudder, hydroplane, and propeller blade. This research is concerned with the deformable hydrofoil that aims at modifying its NACA profile rather than its AOA. However, there is still a lack of knowledge about designing an appropriate deformable hydrofoil. Therefore, a numerical investigation of hydrodynamic characteristics for selected hydrofoils was conducted. After undergoing the 2D numerical analysis (potential flow method) at specific conditions, several NACA profiles were chosen based on the performance of NACA profiles. NACA 0017 was selected as the initial shape for this research before it deformed to the optimized NACA profiles, NACA 6417, 8417, and 9517. The 3D CFD simulations using the finite volume method to obtain hydrodynamic characteristics at 0 deg AOA with a constant flow rate. The mesh sensitivity and convergence study are carried out to get consistent, validated, and reliable results. The final CFD modeled for propeller VP 1304 for open water test numerically. The results found that the performance of symmetry hydrofoil NACA 0017 at maximum AOA is not the highest compared to the other deformed NACA profiles at 0 deg AOA. The numerical open water test showed that the error obtained on K.T., K.Q., and efficiency is less than 8% compared to the experimental results. It shows that the results were in good agreement, and the numerical CFD setting can be used for different deformed profiles in the future.
Tourist's Perception of Safety in the Republic of Croatia in 2019
Authors: Kolombatović Rino Rivi , Barbir Rea , Knežić Petricija , Maretić Marko , Stegić Katarina , Štefanac Dolores , Bašić Željana , Kružić Ivana
Published: November 2021

This research has examined the attitudes and perceptions of tourists that visited the Republic of Croatia (RH) during the summer of 2019 about the perception of safety in RH, especially on general security, as well as food safety, personal safety, epidemic safety, and natural disasters. Also, we have examined the confidence in Croatian services, such as the police, rescue services, medical emergency, etc. Almost all the safety components were above 4, which indicates that the tourists in Croatia feel safe and trust the services. This research could be a significant tool for improving the policies for attracting the tourists during and after the pandemic.
Sustainable Development of Port Cities from the Perspective of Transition Management
Authors: Jugović Alen , Sirotić Miljen , Peronja Ivan
Published: November 2021

The strong and close relationship between the port and the city, which is often a consequence of historical circumstances, has become disrupted due to the negative impact of the port on the urban environment. The disruption of this relationship is forcing port city authorities worldwide to find effective methods to renew the port – city relationship. As an additional element to this complex relationship, the concept of sustainability is taken into consideration. Therefore, the relationship between the port and the city needs to be studied in compliance with economic, social and environmental criteria. This paper studies port and urban systems interdependently, as well as their integration into a sustainable whole. The dynamics of change in the port – city interface zone require careful planning and assessment before intervention and development. Accordingly, transition management is presented as a mechanism for renewing, coupling, and monitoring the relationship between the port and the city concerning their complex and dynamic nature. The paper’s key findings are based on the contribution of relevant economic, social, and environmental criteria through which the possibility of developing a systematic framework for a coordinated transition to a cooperative relationship between the port and the city from the perspective of sustainability is realized.
Volatility of Ship Demolition Index Prices
Authors: Totakura Bangar Raju , Sharma Vrinda , Kashav Vishal , Das Subir Ranjan
Published: November 2021

Aim: The main objective of this paper is to explore the volatility of ship demolition indices. Ship demolition indices are becoming increasingly important owing to the growing number of norms and rules imposed by the International Maritime Organization. Financial crunch and stricter emission norms are forcing vessel owners to consider ship demolition options. This study examines the volatility of ship demolition rates of the Baltic Demolition Index and the causal relationship between the Chinese and Indian subcontinent indices.
Methods: EGARCH models have been used to explore the volatility and asymmetric effects in the time series. The relationship between the two indices was established using the Granger causality test.
Results and conclusion: The final analysis confirmed that ship demolition indices are both volatile and asymmetric. This study is unique and useful to ship owners, vessel operators, and banks as it helps them understand the risks involved.
MEĐUGENERACIJSKO UČENJE U ZAJEDNICI: IZAZOVI ZA VRTIĆE I ŠKOLE
Authors: Ličen Nives , Partalo Sanja , Šindić Aleksandra
Published: November 2021

U preglednom članku analizirana je literatura i izabrani su projekti sa područja međugeneracijskog učenja kroz koncept generacija i vaspitno-obrazovnih praksi u lokalnim i formalnim uslovima. U prvom dijelu dat je pregled razvoja međugeneracijskog učenja, vaspitanja i obrazovanja, kao i njihovo definisanje. U drugom dijelu prikazane su karakteristike u organizovanim međugeneracijskim programima u vaspitno-obrazovnim institucijama. Zaključuje se da međugeneracijska saradnja predstavlja potrebu sadašnjeg vremena te da međugeneracijsko učenje pruža priliku za razvoj novih obrazovnih modela koji doprinose napretku i koheziji učesnika, ali i zajednice kojoj pripadaju.
Tracking the movement of discrete gating charges in a voltage-gated potassium channel
Authors: Priest Michael F , Lee Elizabeth EL , Bezanilla Francisco
Published: November 2021

Positively charged amino acids respond to membrane potential changes to drive voltage sensor movement in voltage-gated ion channels, but determining the displacements of voltage sensor gating charges has proven difficult. We optically tracked the movement of the two most extracellular charged residues (R1 and R2) in the Shaker potassium channel voltage sensor using a fluorescent positively charged bimane derivative (qBBr) that is strongly quenched by tryptophan. By individually mutating residues to tryptophan within the putative pathway of gating charges, we observed that the charge motion during activation is a rotation and a tilted translation that differs between R1 and R2. Tryptophan-induced quenching of qBBr also indicates that a crucial residue of the hydrophobic plug is linked to the Cole–Moore shift through its interaction with R1. Finally, we show that this approach extends to additional voltage-sensing membrane proteins using the Ciona intestinalis voltage-sensitive phosphatase (CiVSP).
Neural control of growth and size in the axolotl limb regenerate
Authors: Wells Kaylee M , Kelley Kristina , Baumel Mary , Vieira Warren A , McCusker Catherine D
Published: November 2021

The mechanisms that regulate growth and size of the regenerating limb in tetrapods such as the Mexican axolotl are unknown. Upon the completion of the developmental stages of regeneration, when the regenerative organ known as the blastema completes patterning and differentiation, the limb regenerate is proportionally small in size. It then undergoes a phase of regeneration that we have called the ‘tiny-limb’ stage, which is defined by rapid growth until the regenerate reaches the proportionally appropriate size. In the current study we have characterized this growth and have found that signaling from the limb nerves is required for its maintenance. Using the regenerative assay known as the accessory limb model (ALM), we have found that growth and size of the limb positively correlates with nerve abundance. We have additionally developed a new regenerative assay called the neural modified-ALM (NM-ALM), which decouples the source of the nerves from the regenerating host environment. Using the NM-ALM we discovered that non-neural extrinsic factors from differently sized host animals do not play a prominent role in determining the size of the regenerating limb. We have also discovered that the regulation of limb size is not autonomously regulated by the limb nerves. Together, these observations show that the limb nerves provide essential cues to regulate ontogenetic allometric growth and the final size of the regenerating limb.
Relating multivariate shapes to genescapes using phenotype-biological process associations for craniofacial shape
Authors: Aponte Jose D , Katz David C , Roth Daniela M , Vidal-García Marta , Liu Wei , Andrade Fernando , Roseman Charles C , Murray Steven A , Cheverud James , Graf Daniel , Marcucio Ralph S , Hallgrímsson Benedikt
Published: November 2021

Realistic mappings of genes to morphology are inherently multivariate on both sides of the equation. The importance of coordinated gene effects on morphological phenotypes is clear from the intertwining of gene actions in signaling pathways, gene regulatory networks, and developmental processes underlying the development of shape and size. Yet, current approaches tend to focus on identifying and localizing the effects of individual genes and rarely leverage the information content of high-dimensional phenotypes. Here, we explicitly model the joint effects of biologically coherent collections of genes on a multivariate trait – craniofacial shape – in a sample of n = 1145 mice from the Diversity Outbred (DO) experimental line. We use biological process Gene Ontology (GO) annotations to select skeletal and facial development gene sets and solve for the axis of shape variation that maximally covaries with gene set marker variation. We use our process-centered, multivariate genotype-phenotype (process MGP) approach to determine the overall contributions to craniofacial variation of genes involved in relevant processes and how variation in different processes corresponds to multivariate axes of shape variation. Further, we compare the directions of effect in phenotype space of mutations to the primary axis of shape variation associated with broader pathways within which they are thought to function. Finally, we leverage the relationship between mutational and pathway-level effects to predict phenotypic effects beyond craniofacial shape in specific mutants. We also introduce an online application that provides users the means to customize their own process-centered craniofacial shape analyses in the DO. The process-centered approach is generally applicable to any continuously varying phenotype and thus has wide-reaching implications for complex trait genetics.
Functional diversification gave rise to allelic specialization in a rice NLR immune receptor pair
Authors: De la Concepcion Juan Carlos , Vega Benjumea Javier , Bialas Aleksandra , Terauchi Ryohei , Kamoun Sophien , Banfield Mark J
Published: November 2021

Cooperation between receptors from the nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeats (NLR) superfamily is important for intracellular activation of immune responses. NLRs can function in pairs that, upon pathogen recognition, trigger hypersensitive cell death and stop pathogen invasion. Natural selection drives specialization of host immune receptors towards an optimal response, whilst keeping a tight regulation of immunity in the absence of pathogens. However, the molecular basis of co-adaptation and specialization between paired NLRs remains largely unknown. Here, we describe functional specialization in alleles of the rice NLR pair Pik that confers resistance to strains of the blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae harbouring AVR-Pik effectors. We revealed that matching pairs of allelic Pik NLRs mount effective immune responses, whereas mismatched pairs lead to autoimmune phenotypes, a hallmark of hybrid necrosis in both natural and domesticated plant populations. We further showed that allelic specialization is largely underpinned by a single amino acid polymorphism that determines preferential association between matching pairs of Pik NLRs. These results provide a framework for how functionally linked immune receptors undergo co-adaptation to provide an effective and regulated immune response against pathogens. Understanding the molecular constraints that shape paired NLR evolution has implications beyond plant immunity given that hybrid necrosis can drive reproductive isolation.
Control of neurotransmitter release by two distinct membrane-binding faces of the Munc13-1 C1C2B region
Authors: Camacho Marcial , Quade Bradley , Trimbuch Thorsten , Xu Junjie , Sari Levent , Rizo Josep , Rosenmund Christian
Published: November 2021

Munc13-1 plays a central role in neurotransmitter release through its conserved C-terminal region, which includes a diacyglycerol (DAG)-binding C1 domain, a Ca2+/PIP2-binding C2B domain, a MUN domain and a C2C domain. Munc13-1 was proposed to bridge synaptic vesicles to the plasma membrane through distinct interactions of the C1C2B region with the plasma membrane: (i) one involving a polybasic face that is expected to yield a perpendicular orientation of Munc13-1 and hinder release; and (ii) another involving the DAG-Ca2+-PIP2-binding face that is predicted to result in a slanted orientation and facilitate release. Here, we have tested this model and investigated the role of the C1C2B region in neurotransmitter release. We find that K603E or R769E point mutations in the polybasic face severely impair Ca2+-independent liposome bridging and fusion in in vitro reconstitution assays, and synaptic vesicle priming in primary murine hippocampal cultures. A K720E mutation in the polybasic face and a K706E mutation in the C2B domain Ca2+-binding loops have milder effects in reconstitution assays and do not affect vesicle priming, but enhance or impair Ca2+-evoked release, respectively. The phenotypes caused by combining these mutations are dominated by the K603E and R769E mutations. Our results show that the C1-C2B region of Munc13-1 plays a central role in vesicle priming and support the notion that two distinct faces of this region control neurotransmitter release and short-term presynaptic plasticity.
Potential lineage transmission within the active microbiota of the eggs and the nauplii of the shrimp Litopenaeus stylirostris: possible influence of the rearing water and more
Authors: Giraud Carolane , Callac Nolwenn , Beauvais Maxime , Mailliez Jean-René , Ansquer Dominique , Selmaoui-Folcher Nazha , Pham Dominique , Wabete Nelly , Boulo Viviane
Published: November 2021

Background

Microbial communities associated with animals are known to be key elements in the development of their hosts. In marine environments, these communities are largely under the influence of the surrounding water. In aquaculture, understanding the interactions existing between the microbiotas of farmed species and their rearing environment could help establish precise bacterial management.

Method

In light of these facts, we studied the active microbial communities associated with the eggs and the nauplii of the Pacific blue shrimp (Litopenaeus stylirostris) and their rearing water. All samples were collected in September 2018, November 2018 and February 2019. After RNA extractions, two distinct Illumina HiSeq sequencings were performed. Due to different sequencing depths and in order to compare samples, data were normalized using the Count Per Million method.

Results

We found a core microbiota made of taxa related to Aestuariibacter, Alteromonas, Vibrio, SAR11, HIMB11, AEGEAN 169 marine group and Candidatus Endobugula associated with all the samples indicating that these bacterial communities could be transferred from the water to the animals. We also highlighted specific bacterial taxa in the eggs and the nauplii affiliated to Pseudomonas, Corynebacterium, Acinetobacter, Labrenzia, Rothia, Thalassolituus, Marinobacter, Aureispira, Oleiphilus, Profundimonas and Marinobacterium genera suggesting a possible prokaryotic vertical transmission from the breeders to their offspring. This study is the first to focus on the active microbiota associated with early developmental stages of a farmed shrimp species and could serve as a basis to comprehend the microbial interactions involved throughout the whole rearing process.
Molecular Characterization and Toxicity of Heavy Metal Quinary Mixtures on Enterobacter cloacae Isolate from Nworie River
Authors: Onumajuru A. C. , Ogbulie J. N. , Nweke C. O.
Published: November 2021

The molecular characterization and toxicity of Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb), Zinc (Zn), Chromium (Cr) and Copper (Cu) quinary mixtures on Enterobacter cloacae isolate from Nworie River was investigated. Quinary mixtures of the heavy metals were compounded using fixed ratio (%); and inhibitory effect assessed using inhibition of total dehydrogenase as toxicity response. The mixtures consisted of five heavy metals in the ratios:  Pb (20%) + Cr (20%) + Cd (20%) + Zn (20%) + Cu (20%), Pb (30%) + Cr (20%) + Cd (10%) + Zn (30%) + Cu (10%). Pb (10%) + Cr (10%) + Cd (30%) + Zn (40%) + Cu (10%),   Pb (15%) + Cr (25%) + Cd (25%) + Zn (15%) + Cu (20%), Pb (40%) + Cr (15%) + Cd (5%) + Zn (20%) + Cu(20%). Result obtained showed that toxicity of the metals against the bacterium ranked in the order Cu > Cr >Zn > Pb > Cd. The quinary mixtures Pb (20%) + Cr (20%) + Cd (20%) + Zn (20%) + Cu (20%), Pb (30%) + Cr (20%) + Cd (10%) + Zn (30%) + Cu (10%) and 10%Pb + 10%Cr + 30%Cd + 40%Zn + 10%Cu  showed synergistic interaction, while 15%Pb + 25%Cr + 25%Cd + 15%Zn + 20%Cu and 40%Pb + 15%Cr + 5%Cd + 20%Zn + 20%Cu mixtures were antagonistic and additive respectively. Threshold inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the quinary mixtures was  0.054 ± 0.005mM, 0.053 ± 0.002 mM, 0.038 ± 0.002 mM, 0.077 ± 0.007 mM and 0.058 ± 0.006 mM for the respective mixtures. The toxic index values evaluated for the mixtures exhibited antagonistic, synergistic and additive interaction in the various ratios.  The 16S rRNA and ITSF1 sequences obtained of the isolate showed the phylogenetic placement of the 16S rRNA of the isolate was closely related to Enterobacter cloacae strain DL01 (MH168084). The heavy metals mixtures demonstrated diverse toxicity interaction on the isolate depending on their relative composition, thus poses a threat to aquatic microbial diversity.
SARS-CoV-2 and the Weather: Correlation between COVID-19 and Meteorological Variables in 3 Cities in Mexico
Authors: Ramirez-Sanchez Hermes Ulises , Ortiz-Bañuelos Alma Delia , Fajardo-Montiel Aida Lucia
Published: November 2021

Meteorological factors such as temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind speed and direction are associated with the dispersion of the SARS-CoV-2 virus through aerosols, particles <5μm are suspended in the air being infective at least three hours and dispersing from eight to ten meters. It has been shown that a 10-minute conversation, an infected person produces up to 6000 aerosol particles, which remain in the air from minutes to hours, depending on the prevailing weather conditions.

Objective: To establish the correlation between meteorological variables, confirmed cases and deaths from COVID-19 in the 3 most important cities of Mexico.

Methodology: A retrospective ecological study was conducted to evaluate the correlation of meteorological factors with COVID-19 cases and deaths in three Mexican cities.

Results: The correlations between health and meteorological variables show that in the CDMX the meteorological variables that best correlate with the health variables are Temperature (T), Dew Point (DP), Wind speed (WS), Atmospheric Pressure (AP) and Relative Humidity (RH) in that order. In the ZMG are T, WS, RH, DP and AP; and in the ZMM are RH, WS, DP, T and AP.

Conclusions In the 3 Metropolitan Areas showed that the meteorological factors that best correlate with the confirmed cases and deaths from COVID-19 are the T, RH; however, the correlation coefficients are low, so their association with health variables is less than other factors such as social distancing, hand washing, use of antibacterial gel and use of masks.
Sources of Variations in the Kenyan Sign Language and its Effects on Academic Performance of Students in Hearing Impairment Schools. A Case Study
Authors: K. Sheila Jebet , N. Mukolwe Asakhulu , K. Paul Mutai
Published: November 2021

Sign language is a system of communication that uses manual alphabets, hand gestures, facial expressions and finger spelling to convey meaning. It is used in communication as well as instructional language during teaching and learning process. However, there are variations in sign language worldwide and Kenya is no exception. The variations in sign language may affect academic performance among students in secondary school for the hearing impairment (HI). This study aimed at to identifying the sources of variations and the effects of variations on academic performance of students in HI schools. The study was guided by the ecological system theory of human development. Descriptive research design was employed. The target population of the study was 17 secondary schools for HI students, 589 form four students and 189 teachers. Two questionnaires were used, one for the teachers and the other for the HI students. A pilot study was conducted to assess the validity and reliability of research instruments. Data was analyzed descriptively with the help of SPSS version 25. The results were presented in tables and figures in form frequencies and percentages. Results from the respondents established that there were variations in the KSL which were brought about by the family background, the teachers’ interactions, peers and friends, the curriculum and also regional variations. It was also established that the variations affected the way the students receive and respond to various concepts during teaching and learning process which affected their academic performance. The study concluded that there were variations in the KSL, which influenced students’ academic performance. The researcher recommends that curriculum developers should consider these findings and align the curriculum to reduce variations. Curriculum developers to use the media to teach the community on the appropriate signs used for communication in Kenya more in service courses for the trained teachers to all other teachers to get the basic sign languages used in Kenya.
Positivity Rate as a Performance Indicator for COVID-19 Response in Edo State, Nigeria
Authors: Obi Andrew Ifeanyichukwu , Ononigwe Pius , Ireye Faith , Okundia Patrick , Irowa Osamuyi , Eboreime Helen , Tobin Ekaete , Iruobe Lauretta , Osa Bruce , Okhuarobo Uwa , Okoduwa Kester
Published: November 2021

Background: Positivity rate is a very reliable indicator in determining the effectiveness of public health interventions of infectious disease magnitude.

Aim: To use positivity rate as performance indicator of effectiveness of COVID-19 Control measures in Edo State, Southern Nigeria.

Materials and Methods: Laboratory based record review of 20,220 Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) based laboratory results from COVID-19 line-list analysed from the four (4) NCDC accredited molecular laboratory within Edo State. The weekly COVID-19 test positivity was computed in relation to the total samples tested between 23rd March to 30th November, 2020. Data collected were analysed using IBM SPSS version 20.0 software with statistical significance set at p˂0.050 and 95% Confidence Interval.

Results: A total of 20,220 PCR results reviewed with 2696 (13.3%) COVID-19 cases identified while 17,524 (86.7%) were negative. The average weekly sample collection and testing was 552.28 ± 369.98, with average weekly COVID-19 case yield and positivity rate (%) of 77.89 ±106.23 and 12.20±13.75% respectively. A statistically significant positive correlation was identified between sample tested and COVID-19 case yield (R = 0.569; < 0.01). The first wave of the COVID-19 in Edo State witnessed a consistent and progressive decline in test positivity rate till it deepened at 0.6 % by the end of November, 2020.

Conclusion: Increasing sample testing has significant positive correlation with COVID-19 case detection in Edo State. Positivity rate was a good indicator to monitor COVID-19 outbreak response in Edo State.

Targeted surveillance and sample collection for testing can significantly help improve the quality and case yield during epidemic outbreak response. Bridging the gap in sample collection for testing can greatly influence how quickly an epidemic outbreak response and control is achieved.
Hepatoprotective Effects of Calotropis procera (Ait.) R. Br Root Bark Extracts against Diethylnitrosamine Induced Liver Injury in Rats
Authors: Sombié Ernest Nogma , Hilou Adama , Ouédraogo Noufou , Yhi-Pênê N’do Jotham , Paré Dramane , Traoré Tata Kadiatou , G. Ouédraogo Geoffroy , Tibiri André
Published: November 2021

Background: Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) is a hepatotoxin whose metabolic activation by liver cytochromes P450 is responsible for the necrosis, mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of liver cells. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of Calotropis procera roots bark against DEN induced hepatocellular damage in rats.

Material and Methods: Hepatoprotective activity of the ethanolic extract of Calotropis procera root bark were evaluated by induction of liver injury with DEN in Wistar male rats distributed in six groups of six. Serum hepatic markers, alanine amino transferase (ALAT), aspartate amino transferase (ASAT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total protein and albumin were evaluated and the enzymes antioxidant activities, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase, as well as the level of malonedialdehyde (MDA) were determined in the liver homogenate. Histological analysis was carried out on sections of rat livers. Phytoconstituents have also been studied.       Results: Pretreatment of rats with the extract showed a significant decrease in ALAT, ASAT and ALP while there was an increase in total protein and albumin compared to rats treated only with DEN. It also showed a significant increase in SOD and catalase and a decrease in MDA levels suggesting the hepatoprotective effect of the extract. Observation of liver sections confirmed the results of the biochemical parameters which would attest that the extract is hepatoprotective. Phytoconstituents such as sterols, triterpenes and phenolic compounds have been demonstrated.

Conclusion: Ethanolic extract of Calotropis procera roots bark has shown hepatoprotective effects that could be due to its content in sterols and triterpenic and phenolic compounds.
Standardization of Integrated Nutrient Management for Growth and Yield of Tomato
Authors: Ramesh Eggadi , Sikder Subhamoy
Published: November 2021

Aim: “Standardization of integrated nutrient management for growth and yield of tomato”.

Study Design: The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design (RBD) with 14 treatments with three replications maintained.

Place and Duration of Study: Experiment was carried out at the Instructional Farm, Faculty of Horticulture of Uttar Banga Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, and Pundibari, Cooch Behar during Rabi season of 2019 - 2020.

Methodology: The treatments consisted of different combinations of organic manures and inorganic fertilizers i.e., T1 (Recommended NPK), T2 (100% FYM), T3 (100% VC), T4 (100% PM), T5 (100% NC), T6 (100% VC + 100% FYM + 100% PM + 100% NC), T7 (½ Recommended NPK + 50% FYM + 50% VC), T8 (½ Recommended NPK + 50% FYM + 30% VC + 20% PM), T9 (½ Recommended NPK + 50% FYM + 50% VC + NC), T10 (½ Recommended NPK + 50% FYM + 30% VC + 20% PM + NC), T11 (½ Recommended NPK + 50% FYM + 50% VC + PSB), T12 (½ Recommended NPK + 50% FYM + 30% VC + 20% PM + PSB), T13 (½ Recommended NPK + 50% FYM + 50% VC + NC + PSB) and T14 (½ Recommended NPK + 50% FYM + 30% VC + 20% PM + NC + PSB).

Results: All the growth and yield parameters were recorded maximum stem girth at last harvest (14.85mm), days to first flowering (27.46), number of truss per plant (20.59), individual fruit weight (127.71g), fruit yield per plant (4.49 kg) and yield per hector (99.52t/ha) with treatment T8 (½ Recommended NPK + 50% FYM + 30% VC + 20% PM).

Conclusion: The application of treatment T8 (½ Recommended NPK + 50% FYM + 30% VC + 20% PM) shown enhanced tomato production with minimal alteration to environment.
Response of Organic Biostimulants and Silicon to Growth, Yield and Quality of Tomato under Soil Salinity Conditions
Authors: Rajasekar R. , Ravichandran V. , Prasad V. Babu Rajendra , Sakthivel N.
Published: November 2021

Abiotic stresses strongly affect plant growth, nutrient composition and quality of production; final crop yield can be really compromised if stress occurs in plants’ most sensitive phenological phases. The present field study was conducted to evaluate the effect of biostimulants on improvement of tolerance and yield of tomato plants exposed to salinity. The tomato field soil condition with pH- 8.7 and EC- 4 dS m-1 was recorded. After the first fruit set of tomato, Organic biostimulant (Organic mix with high concentration of carboxylic acids, containing calcium oxide (CaO), ammonium ligninsulfonate and Zinc) were given by soil drenching and Orthosilicic acid as silicon source by foliar spray at every 10 – 15 days interval. The treatments include Organic biostimulant at 0.3ml/plant & 0.6ml/plant, Orthosilicic acid at 0.2% and 0.4%. The observations were taken during greener and red ripening stage. The biostimulants positively affected the plant height and chlorophyll fluorescence. Biostimulants were allowed to maintain the lower level of electrolyte leakage and osmotic potential within the plant. The activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes increased with the increases in salinity: biostimulants thereby kept the lower the level of reactive oxygen species. Under saline conditions due to the ionic imbalance, potassium and calcium content in both the shoots and roots were recorded lower, whereas the sodium content was found to be higher than the control plants. Similarly, a significant increase in total soluble solids and firmness of the fruit was recorded in tomato fruits. Yield characters like fruit number per plant, single plant yield, single fruit weight and flower to fruit ratio were positively affected by the application of biostimulants. The organic biostimulant and Orthosilicic acid administered at a greater dose appeared to be the most effective in our investigation.
Comparative Study of Soil Properties under Gamhar (Gmelina arborea) Based Agrisilvicultural System
Authors: Kumar Abhay , Malik M. S. , Oraon P. R. , Kumar Rakesh , Barla Sheela , Shabnam Swati
Published: November 2021

A two year experiment was conducted during kharif and rabi season of 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 at experimental site near Faculty of Forestry in main campus of Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India. Sole cropping and gamhar based agrisilviculture systems with four different intercrops (arhar, cowpea, greengram and mustard) were under investigation. To study the overall scenario of soil properties under agrisilviculture system, soil samples were analysed at different profile depths (0-15 and 15-30 cm) to measure the changes in soil properties under the influence of gamhar (Gmelina arborea) tree and intercrops grown in between. Soil pH, electrical conductivity (dsm-1), organic carbon (%), available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (kg ha-1) were found higher at the soil depth 0-15 cm as compared to 15-30 cm due to addition of organic residue on the surface soil. Soil OC, available N, P and K in 0-15 cm as well as in 15-30 cm profile was found to be statistically significant. It showed an increase from initial value in all the treatments in 2016-17 and 2017-18. The increase was more in gamhar based agrisilviculture system than in sole tree and sole crops in both the years.