bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La cooperacion: ¿un instrumento de refuerzo del soft power?
Authors: Leylavergne Jacques , Parra Andrea
Published: April 2020

El concepto de la existencia de Soft Power (Poder Blando) desarrollado por Joseph Nye, y que se basa en los recursos que profundizan el poder de un Estado, puede identificarse hoy en otros actores de la escena internacional como las organizaciones internacionales. Las dinámicas de cooperación internacional, al interior de dichas organizaciones, parecen acompañar la existencia de este tipo de poder. Es así como el fenómeno de la francofonía ha revelado ser un terreno rico para el estudio de un modelo de Soft Power que se ejerce a nivel institucional, en el seno de organismos como la Organización Internacional de la Francofonía – OIF y en relación con la Organización de la Naciones Unidas – ONU y sus operadores como la UNESCO; y a nivel bilateral entre Estados por ejemplo en la relación de cooperación bilateral entre Francia y Colombia. A fin de verificar esta afirmación, esta investigación muestra una lectura tanto cuantitativa como cualitativa de las acciones que evidencian la existencia de dicho tipo de poder se revela indispensable.
Estrategia del rendimiento de la calidad como factor competitivo en educación a distancia y educación superior Universitaria
Authors: Vásquez Martínez Claudio Rafael , González Romero Víctor Manuel , Morfin Otero María , Rodríguez Pérez María Candelaria , Contreras Cueva Angélica
Published: April 2020

Se ve, a lo largo de la evaluación como algunos criterios de rendimiento académico, considerados como los más avanzados en el proceso de aprendizaje, indicadores por lo mismo de mayor cualificación, presentan logros inferiores por parte de los estudiantes de EDI (Educación a Distancia). Esto no es gratuito y tiene origen en la orientación pedagógica de la educación primaria y secundaria preocupada más por informar y desarrollar destrezas elementales, que por generar en sus alumnos capacidades de observación, análisis, síntesis y desarrollo del pensamiento divergente, de conciencia social y de capacidad de liderazgo para orientar el proceso de cambio social.
Contents and risks of land reform in Ukraine (literary and legislative review)
Authors: Kurylo Mykola , Lukash Svitlana , Ladyka Yurii , Zakharova Olena , Sopianenko Oksana
Published: April 2020

Land reform, which has been ongoing in Ukraine since 1990, now includes several strategic tasks, including the opening of the agricultural lands market. The article aims to identify the main risks of land reform implementation in Ukraine and outline the prospects for its development and impact on the country’s economy. The current state of the problem is analyzed based on the study of literary sources, regulatory and legal base, legislative initiatives, and their discussion in Ukrainian society. An attempt to systematically outline the possible positive consequences and risks of land reform in Ukraine in its various variants was made. Key initiatives for change, their impact on the economy of the state, and the benefits of major stakeholder groups are summarized. The necessity of ensuring based on the reform of the rational land use, forming a class of efficient land users in the society, stimulating the farming development and organic production development, was emphasized.
Damage detection in a fixed-fixed beam using natural frequency changes
Authors: Khan Muhammad Wasif , Akmal Din Naveed , Ul Haq Rizwan
Published: April 2020

This paper presents a damage detection technique which uses change in Frequency Response Function (FRF) and Modal Strain Energy (MSE) for damage detection in beam and truss like structures. It’s a robust approach for Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) using natural frequency for structural damage assessment. This technique couples FRF with Iterative Modal Strain Energy (IMSE) method to accurately localize and quantify the damage with only few frequencies, overcoming the limitation of mode shape based damage detection methods which requires mode shapes at full coordinates but damage is either over/underestimated. In the current approach, a damage detection algorithm is developed and validated by conducting numerical studies for a Fixed-Fixed beam, both noise-free and noise-effected cases are simulated. The numerical studies reveal that proposed algorithm is capable of identifying, localizing and quantifying the damage accurately at reduce computational cost.
Optimal design and analysis for escalator based on finite element method
Authors: Yang Zhuo , Huang Shaojia , Deng Baoqing , Xu Yuanke
Published: April 2020

The design of an escalator should consider the safety factor as well as the light weight performance. In this paper, we analyzed the structure performance of the step of an escalator which was making of aluminum alloy materials. We did three simulations which related to the strength checking, rigidity checking and the pedal-bending experiment of the step of an escalator. Our results showed that the maximal deformation of a step was at its middle while the maximal stress was located at the support of the step where the weak part of the step is. Our results can be references for the light weight design of the escalator.
Fault diagnosis of rope tension in hoisting systems based on vibration signals
Authors: Xue Shaohua , Tan Jianping , Shi Lixiang
Published: April 2020

Fault diagnosis of rope tension is of great significance for safety in hoisting systems. A novel diagnosis method based on the vibration signals of the head sheaves is proposed. First, the signal is decomposed by the ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD); then the main intrinsic module functions (IMFs) are extracted by correlation analysis. Second, the energy and the permutation entropy (PE) of the main IMFs were calculated to create the feature vector. Third, a particle swarm optimization - support vector machine (PSO-SVM) is applied to classify tension states. The effectiveness and advantage of the proposed method are validated by experiments. Compared with the conventional force-sensor-based method, it has clear advantages in sensor installation, data transmission, safety, and reliability.
Modelling and analysis of a modified Dodecapod parallel manipulator
Authors: Bharadwaj Chandan , Vijay Dhrupad , Dhanush Raj , C V Chandrashekara
Published: April 2020

Parallel manipulator is one of the areas of research extensively studied by many researchers from past 4-5 decades. Unlike their serial counterparts, parallel manipulators exhibit higher rigidity and controllability when operating at higher speeds. These attributes lead to their application in various fields such as machine tools, simulators and positioning systems. Present work is proposing a modified reconfigurable Dodecapod parallel manipulator. 3D model of the proposed manipulator is successfully developed and kinematics analysis is carried out. Re-configurable sliders are provided to vary the workspace as required. A few illustrative examples are demonstrated for various locations of slider, showing changes in workspace. The novelty of the present manipulator overcomes the workspace limitations of the general Stewart Gough manipulator. Present modified Dodecapod parallel manipulator is capable of improving local kinematic performance.
Approximations of the Darcy–Weisbach friction factor in a vertical pipe with full flow regime
Authors: Zeyu Zhang , Junrui Chai , Zhanbin Li , Zengguang Xu , Peng Li
Published: April 2020

The discharge in a full flow regime represents the discharge capacity of a vertical pipe, and the Darcy–Weisbach friction factor () is an important variable to calculate discharge. Since all existing equations for contain the Reynolds number (Re), it is problematic if the velocity is unknown. In this study, the performance of existing equations collected from studies on vertical pipes is assessed, and an approximation for the of vertical pipes in the full flow regime, without Re, is proposed. The performance of the Brkić and Praks equation is the best, with a maximum relative error (MRE) of 0.003% (extremely accurate). The MRE of the new approximation is 0.43%, and its assessment level is very accurate. This work is expected to provide a reference for the design and investigation of the drainage of vertical pipes.
Application of cell entrapping beads for Quorum Quenching technique in submerged membrane bioreactor
Authors: Ahmed S. , Chung S. , Sohail N. , Qazi I. A. , Justin A.
Published: April 2020

Biofouling is unwanted accumulation of microbial population on the membrane surface which limits the use of membrane bioreactor (MBR) in the market. Disruption of the biofilm formation by Quorum Quenching (QQ) by using cell entrapping beads (CEBs) is an approach with great potential to control membrane biofouling as the beads used provide not only mitigating effect on biofilm formation, by interfering Quorum Sensing, but also physical forces to detach the biofilm from the membrane surface. This research aimed to develop QQ-CEB with locally available chemicals in Pakistan and its application to evaluate the QQ effect together with physical and chemical cleaning. Various CEBs were made of different mixtures of sodium alginate and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and their quality was tested considering physical and biological aspects. Rhodococcus sp. BH4 and Pseudomonas putida were entrapped in the CEBs and then introduced in MBR as one of biofouling control methods along with standard backwash and chemical backwash. The CEBs made of specific concentration of PVA were proven to be more durable and helpful in mitigating biofouling as compared to that of sodium alginate. An MBR operated with PVA-alginate QQ CEBs together with chemical backwash showed the best performance without deterioration of effluent quality.
The catalytic process of poly-silicate-ferric (PSF) and generation mechanism of hydroxyl radical based on photo-Fenton system
Authors: Liu Zhiqing , Chen Jianxin , Zhu Jianxi , Liu Lizhang , Jiang Zili
Published: April 2020

Poly-silicate-ferric (PSF) was developed as an heterogeneous UV-Fenton catalyst, which was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The catalytic process of PSF and generation mechanism of hydroxyl radical based on photo-Fenton system were studied in detail. In the heterogeneous UV-Fenton system, the kapp value of Orange II degradation was as high as 0.268 min−1, which was 1.5 times compared to that with α-FeOOH as catalyst. As a result, the Orange II decolouration and mineralization rates were as high as 99.9% and 92.5% after 40 min treatment, respectively. Moreover, the hydroxyl radical concentration would increase to a peak value of 13.4 μmol/L at about 15 min. The fundamental cause of the high hydroxyl radical generation lay in the high release ability of iron ions from PSF. The peak concentrations of total iron ions and ferrous ions could increase to 4.53 mg/L and 1.57 mg/L at 20 min and 10 min, respectively. After treatment, the re-adsorption of iron ions on the surface of PSF could avoid the additional pollution caused by iron ions. The results confirmed that PSF was a high activity catalyst for an heterogeneous UV-Fenton system.
Carbon Dots as Nanotherapeutics for Biomedical Application
Authors: Cohen Eemaan N. , Kondiah Pierre P.D. , Choonara Yahya E. , du Toit Lisa C. , Pillay Viness
Published: April 2020

Carbon nanodots are zero-dimensional spherical allotropes of carbon and are less than 10nm in size
(ranging from 2-8nm). Based on their biocompatibility, remarkable water solubility, eco- friendliness, conductivity,
desirable optical properties and low toxicity, carbon dots have revolutionized the biomedical field. In addition,
they have intrinsic photo-luminesce to facilitate bio-imaging, bio-sensing and theranostics. Carbon dots are also
ideal for targeted drug delivery. Through functionalization of their surfaces for attachment of receptor-specific
ligands, they ultimately result in improved drug efficacy and a decrease in side-effects. This feature may be ideal
for effective chemo-, gene- and antibiotic-therapy. Carbon dots also comply with green chemistry principles with
regard to their safe, rapid and eco-friendly synthesis. Carbon dots thus, have significantly enhanced drug delivery
and exhibit much promise for future biomedical applications. The purpose of this review is to elucidate the various
applications of carbon dots in biomedical fields. In doing so, this review highlights the synthesis, surface
functionalization and applicability of biodegradable polymers for the synthesis of carbon dots. It further highlights
a myriad of biodegradable, biocompatible and cost-effective polymers that can be utilized for the fabrication of
carbon dots. The limitations of these polymers are illustrated as well. Additionally, this review discusses the
application of carbon dots in theranostics, chemo-sensing and targeted drug delivery systems. This review also
serves to discuss the various properties of carbon dots which allow chemotherapy and gene therapy to be safer
and more target-specific, resulting in the reduction of side effects experienced by patients and also the overall
increase in patient compliance and quality of life.
iSP-RAAC: Identify Secretory Proteins of Malaria Parasite Using Reduced Amino Acid Composition
Authors: Zhang Haoyue , Xi Qilemuge , Huang Shenghui , Zheng Lei , Yang Wuritu , Zuo Yongchun
Published: April 2020

Background:

As the pathogen of malaria, malaria parasite secretes a variety of proteins
for its growth and reproduction.

Objective:

The identification of the secretory proteins of malaria parasite has crucial reference
significance for the development of anti-malaria vaccines as well as medicine.

Methods:

In this study, a computational classification method was developed to identify the
secreted proteins of Plasmodium. Amino acid composition, dipeptide composition, and tripeptide
composition as well as reduced amino acids alphabets were proposed to illuminate protein
sequences. We further used SVM to train and predict respectively and optimized the features.

Results:

74 types of reduced amino acids alphabets were employed to predict secretory proteins.
The results showed that the accuracy improved to 91.67% with 0.84 Mathew’s correlation
coefficient (MCC) by dipeptide composition, and the highest prediction accuracy reached 92.26%
after feature selection, which demonstrated that our method is prominent and reliable in the field of
malaria parasite secreted proteins prediction.

Conclusion:

A intuitive web server iSP-RAAC (http://bioinfor.imu.edu.cn/isppseraac) was
established for the convenience of most experimental scientists.
Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease by MAO-B Inhibitors, New Therapies and Future Challenges - A Mini-Review
Authors: Parambi Della G.T.
Published: April 2020

Background:

One of the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases with increasing age
is Parkinson’s disease (PD). Its pathogenesis is unclear and mainly confined to glutamate toxicity
and oxidative stress. The dyskinesia and motor fluctuations and neuroprotective potential are the
major concerns which are still unmet in PD therapy.

Objective:

This article is a capsulization of the role of MAO-B in the treatment of PD,
pharmacological properties, safety and efficiency, clinical evidence through random trials, future
therapies and challenges.

Conclusion:

: MAO-B inhibitors are well tolerated for the treatment of PD because of their
pharmacokinetic properties and neuroprotective action. Rasagiline and selegiline were
recommended molecules for early PD and proven safe and provide a modest to significant rise in
motor function, delay the use of levodopa and used in early PD. Moreover, safinamide is
antiglutamatergic in action. When added to Levodopa, these molecules significantly reduce the offtime
with a considerable improvement of non-motor symptoms. This review also discusses the new
approaches in therapy like the use of biomarkers, neurorestorative growth factors, gene therapy,
neuroimaging, neural transplantation, and nanotechnology. Clinical evidence illustrated that MAOB
inhibitors are recommended as monotherapy and added on therapy to levodopa. A large study
and further evidence are required in the field of future therapies to unwind the complexity of the
disease.
The Impact of the Theory-Based Training on Beliefs of Women towards Breast Cancer Screening Behaviors
Authors: Didarloo Alireza , Mokhtary Leila , Khalkhali Hamid-Reza , Ahangarzadeh-Rezaei Soheila
Published: April 2020

Background:

Breast cancer is the most prevalent type of cancer among women that is
fatal if not diagnosed and treated in due time. Health beliefs play an important role in people's willingness
to engage in health-promoting behaviors.

Objective:

The aim of the study was to examine the effects of the health belief model (HBM)-based
training intervention on women’s health beliefs towards breast cancer screening behaviors.

Methods:

The study of educational intervention was conducted on women referred to healthcare
centers. The sample was selected by convenient sampling and randomly assigned to control and
intervention groups of 50 subjects. The intervention group received the theory-based training intervention,
but the control group received only the routine care. Champion’s Health Belief Model
Scale (CHBMS) was used for collecting the study data. Data analysis was performed using independent
t-test, paired t-test, Chi-squared test, and correlation coefficient in SPSS software version
16.00.

Results:

The mean age of the subjects for control and intervention groups was 39.06±9.78,
38.32±8.27, respectively. Overall, 38%, 12% and 13%of the subjects reported breast selfexamination
behavior, mammography and clinical breast examinations, respectively. Before the
intervention program, the overall mean score of health beliefs in groups of control and intervention
was 160.82±23.28, and 159.14±20.61, respectively. After educational intervention, the overall mean
score of beliefs in the intervention group changed from 159.14±20.61 to 195.26±24.42, and it was
statistically significant (p<0.001). In the control group, after the intervention, no significant changes
were observed in the mean score of total health beliefs and were not statistically significant
(p>0.05). Among the variables of the HBM, women's perceived self-efficacy toward breast selfexamination
experienced the most positive change after an educational intervention.

Conclusion:

Our results indicated that HBM-based training significantly improved women’s beliefs
toward breast cancer screening behaviors. It is suggested that trainers in the healthcare system use these
educational approaches to promote people’s beliefs toward breast cancer and its screening methods.
Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC): Latest Applications in the Pharmaceutical Researches
Authors: Erkmen Cem , Gebrehiwot Weldejeworgıs Hndeya , Uslu Bengi
Published: April 2020

Background:

Significant advances have been occurred in analytical research since the 1970s
by Liquid Chromatography (LC) as the separation method. Reverse Phase Liquid Chromatography
(RPLC) method, using hydrophobic stationary phases and polar mobile phases, is the most commonly
used chromatographic method. However, it is difficult to analyze some polar compounds with this
method. Another separation method is the Normal Phase Liquid Chromatography (NPLC), which involves
polar stationary phases with organic eluents. NPLC presents low-efficiency separations and
asymmetric chromatographic peak shapes when analyzing polar compounds. Hydrophilic Interaction
Liquid Chromatography (HILIC) is an interesting and promising alternative method for the analysis of
polar compounds. HILIC is defined as a separation method that combines stationary phases used in the
NPLC method and mobile phases used in the RPLC method. HILIC can be successfully applied to all
types of liquid chromatographic separations such as pharmaceutical compounds, small molecules, metabolites,
drugs of abuse, carbohydrates, toxins, oligosaccharides, peptides, amino acids and proteins.

Objective:

This paper provides a general overview of the recent application of HILIC in the pharmaceutical
research in the different sample matrices such as pharmaceutical dosage form, plasma, serum,
environmental samples, animal origin samples, plant origin samples, etc. Also, this review focuses on
the most recent and selected papers in the drug research from 2009 to the submission date in 2020,
dealing with the analysis of different components using HILIC.

Results and Conclusion:

The literature survey showed that HILIC applications are increasing every
year in pharmaceutical research. It was found that HILIC allows simultaneous analysis of many compounds
using different detectors.
Implementasi Ekstrakulikuler Ketrampilan dalam Peningkatan Kemandirian Anak di SLB YPAC Pangkalpinang
Authors: Miftakhi Diah Rina
Published: April 2020

AbstrakPenelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kemandirian anak berkebutuhan khusus yang ada di lembaga SLB YPAC Pangkalpinang melalui implementasi kegiatan ekstrakurikuler ketrampilan. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan kegiatan ekstrakurikuler ketrampilan serta untuk mengetahui tingkat kemandirian anak. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dengan sumber data penelitian yang terdiri dari sumber data primer dan sumber data sekunder. Tehnik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi.  SLB YPAC Pangkalpinang membuat beberapa kegiatan ekstrakurikuler antara lain: membatik, memasak, merias wajah, membuat kerajinan tangan dari bahan-bahan bekas, dan membuat keranjang hantaran pernikahan. egiatan ekstrakurikuler yang dilaksanakan di SLB YPAC Pangkalpinang mulai tingkat SDLB sampai SMALB. Harapan dari pihak sekolah adalah dengan diberikannya kegiatan ekstrakurikuler ini, maka anak berkebutuhan khusus di SLB YPAC Pangkalpinang akan memiliki bekal ketrampilan setelah mereka lulus dan dapat mandiri dengan mengembangkan ketrampilan yang sudah mereka miliki. Abstract           This research was conducted with the aim to find out the level of independence of children with special needs in the YPAC Pangkalpinang SLB institution through the implementation of skills extracurricular activities. The purpose of this study was to determine the implementation of extracurricular skills and to determine the level of independence of children. The method used in this research is a qualitative descriptive approach with research data sources consisting of primary data sources and secondary data sources. Data collection techniques used are through observation, interviews, and documentation. SLB YPAC Pangkalpinang made several extracurricular activities including: making batik, cooking, putting on makeup, making handicrafts from used materials, and making wedding delivery baskets. Extracurricular activities carried out at SLB YPAC Pangkalpinang from SDLB to SMALB levels. The expectation from the school is that by providing this extracurricular activity, children with special needs in SLB YPAC Pangkalpinang will have the provision of skills after they graduate and can be independent by developing the skills they already have.
UPAYA PPENINGKATAN KETERAMPILAN MENGHITUNG PECAHAN SENILAI MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA PUZZLE
Authors: Nisem Nisem
Published: April 2020

Berdasarkan hasil ulangan harian menunjukkan bahwa siswa kelas IV SDN Mangunan belum tuntas pada materi pecahan senilai disebabkan beberapa faktor. Penelitian tindakan kelas berjudul Upaya Peningkatan Keterampilan Menghitung Pecahan Senilai Menggunakan Media Puzzle di Kelas IV SDN Mangunan Sleman bertujuan untuk meningkatan keterampilan menghitung pecahan senilai di kelas IV SDN Mangunan Caturharjo Sleman. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian tindakan kelas selama dua siklus dan masingmasing siklus berlangsung selama dua pertemuan. Penelitian ini menilai peningkatan keaktifan, ketermpilan dan prestasi siswa sebagai data utama. Setiap akhir pertemuan, siswa dinilai kemampuannya mengerjakan soal. Pada akhir siklus satu terjadi peningkatan rata-rata kelas sebesar 42,22 menjadi 69,44. Hasil siklus satu belum memenuhi indikator keberhasilan yang ditentukan karena belum mencapai ≥ 75 % dari jumlah siswa yang mengalami ketuntasan. Siklus kedua menunjukkan hasil peningkatan rata-rata kelas sebesar 69,44 menjadi 81,67 Sehingga bisa disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan media puzzle pecahan dari bahan kardus bekas ini mampu meningkatkan ketrampilan menghitung pecahan senilai pada siswa kelas IV SDN Mangunan.
Leveraging Eye Tracking to Prioritize Relevant Medical Record Data: Comparative Machine Learning Study
Authors: King Andrew J , Cooper Gregory F , Clermont Gilles , Hochheiser Harry , Hauskrecht Milos , Sittig Dean F , Visweswaran Shyam
Published: April 2020

Background

Electronic medical record (EMR) systems capture large amounts of data per patient and present that data to physicians with little prioritization. Without prioritization, physicians must mentally identify and collate relevant data, an activity that can lead to cognitive overload. To mitigate cognitive overload, a Learning EMR (LEMR) system prioritizes the display of relevant medical record data. Relevant data are those that are pertinent to a context—defined as the combination of the user, clinical task, and patient case. To determine which data are relevant in a specific context, a LEMR system uses supervised machine learning models of physician information-seeking behavior. Since obtaining information-seeking behavior data via manual annotation is slow and expensive, automatic methods for capturing such data are needed.

Objective

The goal of the research was to propose and evaluate eye tracking as a high-throughput method to automatically acquire physician information-seeking behavior useful for training models for a LEMR system.

Methods

Critical care medicine physicians reviewed intensive care unit patient cases in an EMR interface developed for the study. Participants manually identified patient data that were relevant in the context of a clinical task: preparing a patient summary to present at morning rounds. We used eye tracking to capture each physician’s gaze dwell time on each data item (eg, blood glucose measurements). Manual annotations and gaze dwell times were used to define target variables for developing supervised machine learning models of physician information-seeking behavior. We compared the performance of manual selection and gaze-derived models on an independent set of patient cases.

Results

A total of 68 pairs of manual selection and gaze-derived machine learning models were developed from training data and evaluated on an independent evaluation data set. A paired Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed similar performance of manual selection and gaze-derived models on area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (P=.40).

Conclusions

We used eye tracking to automatically capture physician information-seeking behavior and used it to train models for a LEMR system. The models that were trained using eye tracking performed like models that were trained using manual annotations. These results support further development of eye tracking as a high-throughput method for training clinical decision support systems that prioritize the display of relevant medical record data.
Dentists’ Awareness, Perception, and Attitude Regarding COVID-19 and Infection Control: Cross-Sectional Study Among Jordanian Dentists
Authors: Khader Yousef , Al Nsour Mohannad , Al-Batayneh Ola Barakat , Saadeh Rami , Bashier Haitham , Alfaqih Mahmoud , Al-Azzam Sayer , AlShurman Bara’ Abdallah
Published: April 2020

Background

Despite the availability of prevention guidelines and recommendations on infection control, many dental practices lack the minimum requirements for infection control.

Objective

This study aimed to assess the level of awareness, perception, and attitude regarding the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and infection control among Jordanian dentists.

Methods

The study population consisted of dentists who worked in private clinics, hospitals, and health centers in Jordan. An online questionnaire was sent to a sample of Jordanian dentists in March 2020. The questionnaire was comprised of a series of questions about dentists’ demographic characteristics; their awareness of the incubation period, the symptoms of the disease, mode of transmission of COVID-19 and infection control measures for preventing COVID-19; and their attitude toward treating patients with COVID-19.

Results

This study included a total of 368 dentists aged 22-73 years (mean 32.9 years, SD 10.6 years). A total of 112 (30.4%) dentists had completed a master or residency program in dentistry, 195 (53.0%) had received training in infection control in dentistry, and 28 (7.6%) had attended training or lectures regarding COVID-19. A total of 133 (36.1%) dentists reported that the incubation period is 1-14 days. The majority of dentists were aware of COVID-19 symptoms and ways of identifying patients at risk of having COVID-19, were able to correctly report known modes of transmission, and were aware of measures for preventing COVID-19 transmission in dental clinics. A total of 275 (74.7%) believed that it was necessary to ask patients to sit far from each other, wear masks while in the waiting room, and wash hands before getting in the dental chair to decrease disease transmission.

Conclusions

Jordanian dentists were aware of COVID-19 symptoms, mode of transmission, and infection controls and measures in dental clinics. However, dentists had limited comprehension of the extra precautionary measures that protect the dental staff and other patients from COVID-19. National and international guidelines should be sent by the regional and national dental associations to all registered dentists during a crisis, including the COVID-19 pandemic, to make sure that dentists are well informed and aware of best practices and recommended disease management approaches.
Influenza Surveillance Islamabad and Rawalpindi, Pakistan, September 2017 - February 2018 (Preprint)
Authors: Nadia Dr , Dil Saima , Ullah Khan Naveed , Asghar Rana Jawad , Khudaidad Khan Farida , Salman Muhammad , Khan Mumtaz Ali
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND

Background:
Globally 5-10%adults and 20-30%children are affected by influenza annually. Annual epidemics result in 3-5million cases of serious illness and approximately500,000 deaths. In 2008 a sentinel lab-based influenza surveillance network was established in Pakistan in collaboration with CDC having objectives to assess trends of Influenza-like-Illness(ILI) and Severe Acute Respiratory Illness(SARI).

OBJECTIVE

Objectives:
To assess burden of disease, identify risk factors, and recommend control measures.

METHODS

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted based on influenza surveillance data obtained from NICLP from September 2017 to February 2018.Study was done from the data records and samples of suspected ILI patients received from hospitals of Islamabad and Rawalpindi. A case was defined as sudden onset of fever of ≥ 38 C° and cough, with onset within last 10 days. Samples were tested at NICLP for confirmation by RT-PCR. Frequencies were calculated and data analyzed as per time, place and person

RESULTS

Results:
A total of 1500 samples were received out of which 435(29%) were found positive. Among positive samples 246(56.5%) were Influenza-A(H1N1) pdm09,165(38%) were Influenza-A(H3N1) and 24(5.5%) were influenza B.Mean age was 39 years(range 40 days-80 years)while maximum cases were reported from age group 30-39 years(n=77)followed by 50-59 years(n=59).Males were predominant 256(58.8%). Among cases, 21(4.8%) healthcare workers. Travel history was found in 21(4.8%) cases while 35(8%) cases had contact with influenza patients and 14(3.2%) had contact with birds. Among positive cases 262(60%) were reported from Rawalpindi. Majority of cases were reported in January (277) followed by February (112). 31.4% met SARI case definition. Median hospital stay was 5days.During hospitalization 124(26.3%) were ICU admissions, out of them 2(0.42%) were on ventilator, 83(17.6%) were mechanically ventilated. Prevalence of influenza in reported cases was 0.01%.Six confirmed cases died with Case Fatality Rate=1.27%.

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion
Most cases reported were of Influenza-A (H1N1) pdm09. Based on the results, policy for inclusion of flu vaccination on annual basis is recommended for health care providers and general community.
Evaluating Smart Assistant Responses for Accuracy and Misinformation Regarding Human Papillomavirus Vaccination: Content Analysis Study (Preprint)
Authors: Ferrand John , Hockensmith Ryli , Houghton Rebecca Fagen , Walsh-Buhi Eric R
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND

Almost half (46%) of Americans have used a smart assistant of some kind (eg, Apple Siri), and 25% have used a stand-alone smart assistant (eg, Amazon Echo). This positions smart assistants as potentially useful modalities for retrieving health-related information; however, the accuracy of smart assistant responses lacks rigorous evaluation.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to evaluate the levels of accuracy, misinformation, and sentiment in smart assistant responses to human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination–related questions.

METHODS

We systematically examined responses to questions about the HPV vaccine from the following four most popular smart assistants: Apple Siri, Google Assistant, Amazon Alexa, and Microsoft Cortana. One team member posed 10 questions to each smart assistant and recorded all queries and responses. Two raters independently coded all responses (κ=0.85). We then assessed differences among the smart assistants in terms of response accuracy, presence of misinformation, and sentiment regarding the HPV vaccine.

RESULTS

A total of 103 responses were obtained from the 10 questions posed across the smart assistants. Google Assistant data were excluded owing to nonresponse. Over half (n=63, 61%) of the responses of the remaining three smart assistants were accurate. We found statistically significant differences across the smart assistants (N=103, χ22=7.807, P=.02), with Cortana yielding the greatest proportion of misinformation. Siri yielded the greatest proportion of accurate responses (n=26, 72%), whereas Cortana yielded the lowest proportion of accurate responses (n=33, 54%). Most response sentiments across smart assistants were positive (n=65, 64%) or neutral (n=18, 18%), but Cortana’s responses yielded the largest proportion of negative sentiment (n=7, 12%).

CONCLUSIONS

Smart assistants appear to be average-quality sources for HPV vaccination information, with Alexa responding most reliably. Cortana returned the largest proportion of inaccurate responses, the most misinformation, and the greatest proportion of results with negative sentiments. More collaboration between technology companies and public health entities is necessary to improve the retrieval of accurate health information via smart assistants.
Analisis Kesiapan Rumah Sakit Dharma Kerti Tabanan Menerapkan Rekam Medis Elektronik
Authors: Maha Wirajaya Made Karma , Made Umi Kartika Dewi Ni
Published: April 2020

Latar Belakang: Rumah Sakit Dharma Kerti Tabanan adalah rumah sakit swasta yang berlokasi di Kabupaten Tabanan. Adanya keterbatasan ruang penyimpanan rekam medis dan juga upaya rumah sakit untuk meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan maka manajemen rumah sakit memilih untuk menerapkan Rekam Medis Elektronik.Tujuan: Menganalisis kesiapan Rumah Sakit Dharma Kerti Tabanan dalam menerapkan RME.Metode: Penelitian ini adalah penelitian cross sectional dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Sampel yang digunakan yaitu sebanyak 82 orang pegawai dan dilakukan wawancara terhadap 7 orang pegawai. Analisis kesiapan dilakukan dengan metode DOQ-IT (Doctor's Office Quality-Information Technology). Variabel yang diteliti dengan kuantitatif dan kualitatif adalah kesiapan budaya organisasi, tata kelola dan kepemimpinan, sumber daya manusia dan infrastruktur.Hasil: Rumah Sakit Dharma Kerti Tabanan telah cukup siap dalam menerapkan RME. Secara kuantitatif, dilihat dari budaya organisasi, rumah sakit telah cukup siap yakni 68.57%. Dilihat dari tata kelola yakni 71.43% dan dilihat dari sumber daya manusia rumah sakit yakni 57.14%. Selain itu dilihat dari infrastruktur yakni 58.57%. Secara kualitatif, masih terdapat beberapa kekurangan yakni belum ada pelatihan, belum memliki SOP, pemimpin belum membentuk tim khusus dan belum memiliki IT yang memadai.Kesimpulan: Rumah Sakit Dharma Kerti Tabanan telah cukup siap menerapkan RME dan masih terdapat beberapa kelemahan yang perlu diperbaiki.
Pelaksanaan Perawatan Pasien Berpusat pada Penurunan Tingkat Nyeri Post-Caesar
Authors: Arrif Zulhani Muhammad Satya , Rossa Elsye Maria
Published: April 2020

Latar belakang: Angka sectio cesarea semakin hari semakin banyak, padahal tindakan operasi ini sebenarnya banyak menimbulkan dampak negatif bagi para wanita, salah satunya timbulnya nyeri pasca operasi. Nyeri dapat di-manage apabila ada komunikasi dan kerjasama yang baik antar petugas kesehatan. Patient Centered Care (PCC) merupakan sebuah pendekatan perawatan dengan meletakkan pasien berada ditengah perawatan, mengakomodasi keinginan dan kebutuhan pasien, serta untuk meminimalkan terjadinya ketidaksesuaian dalam sebuah perawatan. PCC secara fundamental dibangun dari sebuah kolaborasi interprofessional antara dokter, perawat, gizi, farmasi, rehabilitasi, dan lain-lain secara berkelanjutan. Tujuan: Menilai implementasi PCC dalam menurunkan derajat nyeri pasien cesarea. Metode: True Experiment dengan rancangan Post test only control group design. Responden berjumlah 44 orang, dibagi menjadi 22 orang untuk kelompok intervensi dan 22 orang untuk kelompok kontrol dimana sampel ini menggunakan metode Systematic random sampling. Pengukuran tingkat nyeri menggunakan Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Hasil: Uji Independent Sample T Test didapatkan ada perbedaan tingkat nyeri pada pasien pasca sectio cesarea antara kelompok intervensi dengan kelompok kontrol. Kesimpulan: Implementasi Patient Centered Care (PCC) dapat menurunkan tingkat nyeri pada pasien pasca-sectio cesarea.
VOLUNTARY DISCLOSURE, EARNINGS RESPONSE COEFFICIENT AND EARNINGS PERSISTENCE
Authors: Lestari Yessy Aryanti
Published: April 2020

One of management credibility aspect showed by extent voluntary information disclosed. Management who more credible do  more voluntary disclosure. Management use voluntary disclosure as tools to inform good signal happening to all stakeholders, include good earnings quality. This study examine the association of voluntary disclosure to earnings response coefficient (ERC) and earning persistence as earnings quality. Study uses 274 samples of listed firms across different industries in Indonesia, excluding financial industry for the financial period 2015. Ordinary least square (OLS) cross-sectional method is implemented to test the research hypotheses. The results of hypothesis test of the study exhibit a significant negative association between voluntary disclosure to ERC. This study also found no association statistically between voluntary disclosure to earnings persistence. This  research conducted for one period, so for future research should to extent year observations. The study also conducted additional testing of disclosures based on disclosure criteria. This test was conducted to determine the type of voluntary disclosure that has a significant influence on the dependent variable of the study, ERC and earnings persistence.Keywords: Earnings Responses Coefficient, Voluntary Disclosure, Earnings Persistence
Pemikiran Organisasi Islam tentang Penerapan Hukum Pidana Islam: Tinjauan Hukum Hak Asasi Manusia
Authors: Syafi'ie M.
Published: April 2020

This paper elaborates the view of Islamic organizations in Indonesia about the application of Islamic criminal law in the form of cutting off hands, stoning, and whipping, and examining them based on human rights law. The Islamic Organizations whose views are explored here are Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), Muhammadiyah, Indonesian Mujahidin Council (MMI), and Jemaah Anshorut Tauhid (JAT). This article concludes, first, there are two different views of the Islamic Organization studied: one sees its application as a necessity or mandatory, and the other views it as the state responsibility that needs to consider the social interests according to its context. Of the four Islamic organizations studied, the first view was reflected in MMI and JAT, and the second view was on NU and Muhammadiyah. Second, the law of cutting off hands, stoning, and whipping, which for some Islamic organizations is seen as the right to practice worship and belief, cannot be justified by human rights norms. Although the rights to religion and belief are rights that are categorized as non derogable right, the implementation and application of religious teachings is actually categorized as derogable rights. Therefore, for reasons of protection of public security, public order, public health, morals, and fundamental rights and freedoms of others, the application of religious teachings, in this case the punishment for cutting off hands, stoning, and whipping, can be limited.

Abstrak

Artikel ini menguraikan pandangan atau pemikiran organisasi Islam di Indonesia tentang penerapan hukum pidana Islam berupa hukuman potong tangan, rajam, dan cambuk, dan menelaahnya berdasarkan hukum hak asasi manusia. Organisasi Islam yang digali pandangannya di sini adalah Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), Muhammadiyah, Majelis Mujahidin Indonesia (MMI), dan Jemaah Anshorut Tauhid (JAT). Artikel ini menyimpulkan, pertama, ada dua pandangan berbeda dari Organisasi Islam yang diteliti: yang satu memandang pemberlakuannya sebagai keharusan atau wajib, dan yang satu lagi memandangnya sebagai tanggungjawab negara yang perlu mempertimbangkan kepentingan sosial masyarakat sesuai konteksnya. Dari empat Organisasi Islam yang diteliti, pandangan pertama tercermin pada sikap MMI dan JAT, dan pandangan kedua pada NU dan Muhammadiyah. Kedua, hukum potong tangan, rajam, dan cambuk, yang bagi sebagian organisasi Islam dilihat sebagai hak untuk menjalankan ibadah dan keyakinan, tidak dapat dibenarkan oleh norma hak asasi manusia. Sekalipun hak beragama dan berkeyakinan merupakan hak yang terkatagori non derogable right, implementasi dan penerapan ajaran agama sesungguhnya terkatagori derogable rights. Karena itu, dengan alasan perlindungan keamanan publik, ketertiban publik, kesehatan publik, moral, serta hak dan kebebasan fundamental orang lain, maka implementasi ajaran agama, dalam hal ini hukuman potong tangan, rajam, dan cambuk, menjadi bisa dibatasi.
Irene as Moral Norm: A Note on Malarnud's The Tenants
Authors: Nilsen Helge Normann
Published: April 2020

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International students education from the BRICS countries in China: progress, problems and recommendations (2013-2017)
Authors: Cheng Jing
Published: April 2020

Esse artigo busca fazer uma análise geral e pesquisa comparativa acerca da educação dos estudantes originários dos países BRICS (Rússia, Índia, Brasil e África do Sul) na China entre 2010 e 2018. Durante esseperíodo, com a promoção do governo chinês e a cooperação entre os BRICS, o número total de estudantes do bloco estudando na China cresceu continuamente, finalmente alcançando 50.000. Baseado em estatísticas divulgadas pelo Ministério da Educação chinês e principalmente utilizando métodos quantitativos e comparativos, esse artigo foca no desenvolvimento e problemas da educação dos estudantes BRICS na China durante tal período e fornece algumas recomendações para a ampliação desse processo. Para demonstrar as ideias, esse artigo está dividido em cinco unidades. Depois da introdução, a segunda parte aprenda a evolução e fornece um panorama da política chinesa para educação de estudantes internacionais. Na terceira parte nos concentramos em uma análise do desenvolvimento da educação dos estudantes BRICS e seus problemas serão analisados na sequência. Por fim, há as conclusões e algumas recomendações para maior desenvolvimento.
A comparative analysis of the BRICS in the International Development Cooperation field
Authors: Rinaldi Augusto Leal , Apolinário Júnior Laerte
Published: April 2020

Este artigo analisa as atividades dos países do BRICS no campo da Cooperação Internacional para o Desenvolvimento (CID) por meio de uma análise comparativa. Na última década, ocorreram mudanças neste regime na medida em que países em desenvolvimento passaram a assumir papel destacado nesta área historicamente dominada pelos doadores tradicionais. Dentre estes novos atores, os BRICS merecem atenção especial. Ao combinar metodologia descritiva e comparativa, nós analisamos as convergências e divergências entre estes países quanto às suas práticas de CID. Em particular, tentamos responder à seguinte questão: “Como os países do BRICS têm atuado no campo da CID na última década? Analisamos esta variável por meio de quatro dimensões analíticas: i) contexto histórico; ii) contexto geopolítico; iii) contexto institucional; e iv)contexto doméstico político. Os achados gerais sugerem que embora as políticas do BRICS de CID apresentem algumas semelhantes, manifestam, por outro lado, importantes diferenças, sobretudo com relação aomontante e escopo dos receptores, a aderência às diretrizes da DAC/OCDE, e as terminologias utilizadas.
"CUIDADO COM A LEITURA": LIVROS E LEITURA NA COLUNA JORNALÍSTICA ENSINO E EDUCAÇÃO NO CEARÁ DOS ANOS 1944 A 1950
Authors: Da Silva Manuelle Araújo , Sena Fabiana , De Araújo Mariza Silva
Published: April 2020

O presente trabalho buscou dar visibilidade às orientações sobre livro e leitura pelo Prof. Antônio Coelho Sampaio, na coluna jornalística Ensino e Educação, publicadas, no periódico Gazeta de Notícias, do estado do Ceará, no período de 1944 a 1950. Para tanto, o conteúdo desta coluna não foi tomado como discursos de verdade, por considerar o referido periódico – suporte em que foi publicada – lugar do diálogo, do debate, das polêmicas, de modo a representar um discurso que deixou vestígios, mostrando as relações entre o jornal e aqueles a quem era destinado. Nesse sentido, tomouse como referência teórico-metodológica a concepção de Roger Chartier sobre representação, levandose em conta que cada série de discursos deve ser compreendida em sua singularidade, ou seja, em seus lugares de produção, de circulação e apropriação. Neste trabalho, verificamos que há uma preponderância de discursos acerca das leituras pretensamente proibidas – mais valoradas como más, vis e amorais do que propriamente orientações sobre o que se deveria ler.
THE EFFECTS OF CONVERGENT AND DIVERGENT TASKS ON IRANIAN EFL SPEAKING PERFORMANCE
Authors: Tabrizi Seyed Javad Roudehchi , Goldouz Samar , Badr Bahram Hadad
Published: April 2020

O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar os efeitos de tarefas convergentes e divergentes no desempenho da fala dos alunos de EFL no Irã. A população inicial deste estudo foi de 100 alunos de EFL. Eles foram selecionados no Mahan language Institute localizado em Karaj, Irã. Todos os participantes eram do sexo feminino. A língua nativa deles era o persa. Após a administração do Teste Preliminar de Inglês (PET), 60 alunos que tiveram seu nível de proficiência intermediário com base nos escores do PET foram selecionados para o estudo. Em seguida, eles foram divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos experimentais, a saber, grupo de tarefas convergente e grupo de tarefas divergente. Os resultados do estudo revelaram que ambas as abordagens têm diferentes níveis de impacto no desempenho da fala e tarefas convergentes e divergentes afetam diferentemente o desempenho da fala dos alunos intermediários iranianos de EFL. Os resultados demonstraram que a amostra que recebeu tratamento baseado em tarefas divergentes mostrou um desenvolvimento significativo em termos de desempenho na fala (do pré-teste M = 68 ao pós-teste M = 83).