bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of suicidal feelings in an ageing Swedish population: from old to very old age in the Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Studies
Authors: Fässberg M. M. , Vanaelst B. , Jonson M. , Sterner T. R. , Ahlner F. , Wetterberg H. , Rydén L. , Kern S. , Sigström R. , Zettergren A. , Skoog I. , Waern M.
Published: April 2019

Aims

The first aim of this study was to provide prevalence suicidal feelings over time (past week, past month, past year and lifetime) in a population-based sample of old to very old adults without dementia. Does prevalence change with rising age? The second aim was to examine the fluctuation of suicidal feelings over time. How does this coincide with depression status?

Methods

Data were derived from the Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Studies (the H70 studies) which are multidisciplinary longitudinal studies on ageing. A representative sample of adults in Gothenburg, Sweden with birth years 1901–1944 were invited to take part in a longitudinal health study on ageing and participated at one or more occasions during 1986–2014. The sample consisted of 6668 observations originating from 3972 participants without dementia between the ages of 70 and 108, including 1604 participants with multiple examination times. Suicidal feelings were examined during a psychiatric interview using the Paykel questions (life not worth living, death wishes, thoughts of taking own life, seriously considered taking life, attempted suicide).

Results

Prevalence figures for suicidal feelings of any severity were as follows: past week 4.8%, past month 6.7%, past year 11.2% and lifetime 25.2%. Prevalence rates increased with age in the total group and in women but not in men. Suicidal feelings were common in participants with concurrent major or minor depression, but over a third of the participants who reported suicidal feelings did not fulfil criteria for these diagnoses nor did they present elevated mean depressive symptom scores. The majority of participants consistently reported no experience of suicidal feelings over multiple examination times, but fluctuation was more common in women compared with men.

Conclusion

Suicidal feelings in late-life are uncommon in individuals without depression indicating that such behaviour is not a widespread, normative phenomenon. However, such feelings may occur outside the context of depression.
Morbus Alzheimer – State of the art und Blick in die Zukunft
Authors: Winkler David , Leyhe Thomas
Published: April 2019

Zusammenfassung. Die Alzheimer-Krankheit ist die häufigste neurodegenerative Erkrankung und die häufigste Demenzursache. Die heutige Routinediagnostik basiert auf der klinischen Untersuchung, einer kraniellen Bildgebung sowie Laboruntersuchungen zum Ausschluss anderer behandelbarer Ursachen. Je nach Befundkonstellation können ergänzend eine Lumbalpunktion mit Bestimmung von Amyloid-β-, Tau- und phospo-Tau-Proteinen, eine PET-Bildgebung sowie ggfs. weitere Untersuchungen erfolgen. Als symptomatische Therapien stehen verschiedene Acetylcholinesterasehemmer sowie der NMDA-Rezeptor-Antagonist Memantine zur Verfügung. Neue, kurative Therapieansätze sind in der Entwicklung. Führend sind aktuell Immuntherapien, welche gegen Amyloid-β- und Tau-Proteine gerichtet sind. Nach initial enttäuschenden klinischen Resultaten von Amyloid-β Immuntherapien zeigen sich nun bei Therapiebeginn im Frühstadium der Erkrankung erste positive Resultate dieses Ansatzes. Zudem erreichen die ersten Tau-orientierten Immuntherapien die klinischen Phasen 2 und 3, nachdem positive Signale auch bezüglich des kognitiven Verlaufes in Phase 1 vermeldet wurden. Weiter werden über 70 nicht-immunbasierte Therapieansätze in klinischen Studien geprüft. Auch zeigen sich Fortschritte in der Diagnostik. Mit Hilfe spezifischer Liganden können Amyloid-β und Tau im PET dargestellt werden, was wiederum die Differenzierung von Patienten in den Studien zur Therapieentwicklung erleichtert. Nebst technischen Verbesserungen der Liquordiagnostik werden erste blut-basierte Tests entwickelt, welche in Studien bereits eine gute Korrelation mit Liquor- und PET-Befunden erreichen.
Interactive Effects of Acute Suicidal Affective Disturbance and Pain Persistence on Suicide Attempt Frequency and Lethality
Authors: Rogers Megan L. , Joiner Thomas E.
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Background: Acute suicidal affective disturbance (ASAD) has been proposed as a suicide-specific entity that confers risk for imminent suicidal behavior. Preliminary evidence suggests that ASAD is associated with suicidal behavior beyond a number of factors; however, no study to date has examined potential moderating variables.  Aims: The present study tested the hypotheses that physical pain persistence would moderate the relationship between ASAD and (1) lifetime suicide attempts and (2) attempt lethality. Method: Students ( N = 167) with a history of suicidality completed self-report measures assessing the lifetime worst-point ASAD episode and the presence of a lifetime suicide attempt, a clinical interview about attempt lethality, and a physical pain tolerance task. Results: Physical pain persistence was a significant moderator of the association between ASAD and lifetime suicide attempts ( B = 0.00001, SE = 0.000004, p = .032), such that the relationship between ASAD and suicide attempts strengthened at increasing levels of pain persistence. The interaction between ASAD and pain persistence in relation to attempt lethality was nonsignificant ( B = 0.000004, SE = 0.00001, p = .765). Limitations: This study included a cross-sectional/retrospective analysis of worst-point ASAD symptoms, current physical pain perception, and lifetime suicide attempts. Conclusion: ASAD may confer risk for suicidal behavior most strongly at higher levels of pain persistence, whereas ASAD and pain perception do not influence attempt lethality.
Seismogenic Zone Structures Revealed by Improved 3‐D Seismic Images in the Nankai Trough off Kumano
Authors: Shiraishi Kazuya , Moore Gregory F. , Yamada Yasuhiro , Kinoshita Masataka , Sanada Yoshinori , Kimura Gaku
Published: April 2019

To reveal the detailed deformation structures related to plate subduction in the Nankai Trough, we applied up‐to‐date technologies to improve our 3‐D seismic images. This region is dominated by a megasplay fault system that consists of a coseismic out‐of‐sequence thrust branching from the plate interface and separating the inner and outer accretionary prism. The 3‐D seismic volume was acquired off Kumano in 2006 as a preliminary site survey as part of the Nankai Trough Seismogenic Zone Experiment. The preprocessed data quality was improved by recovering the broadband responses and by better attenuating multiple reflections and noise. New reflection images were then produced using prestack time migration and prestack depth migration with updated velocity models. The new velocity model suggests the possible existence of a high‐velocity zone just above the megasplay fault, which might indicate petrophysical alteration in the seismogenic zone. The fault geometry with spatial dip angle variation and the overburden velocities are important factors for further estimating the force distribution along the coseismic fault. Deformation structures newly imaged beneath the Kumano Basin and dipping layers above the megasplay fault imply complex thrusting and possible fluid flow paths within the inner prism. Fine‐scale deformation features are clarified in the shallow areas from the outer prism to the transition zone, which are useful for reconstructing the accretionary prism development. A low‐reflectivity zone, including an isolated layered block, may be originally underthrusted sediments that have been remobilized during later strike‐slip faults along the edge of Kumano Basin.
Can We Constrain Uncertainty in Hydrologic Cycle Projections?
Authors: Prein Andreas F. , Pendergrass Angeline G.
Published: April 2019

Climate change intensifies the Earth's hydrologic cycle, which has far‐reaching consequences including water availability, agricultural production, and electric power generation. The rate of intensification projected by state‐of‐the‐art global climate models (GCMs) with increasing greenhouse gas emissions, however, is highly uncertain. Thackeray et al. (2018, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL079698) show that these uncertainties are related to how GCMs distribute future precipitation by either strongly increasing extreme precipitation at the cost of nonextreme events or by increasing nonextreme precipitation at the cost of extreme precipitation events. These results could help to constrain uncertainties in future hydrologic cycle intensification, thereby improving our understanding of future water resource availability and extreme hydrologic events.
Response of the Geospace System to the Solar Wind Dynamic Pressure Decrease on 11 June 2017: Numerical Models and Observations
Authors: Ozturk Dogacan S. , Zou Shasha , Slavin James A. , Ridley Aaron J.
Published: April 2019

On 11 June 2017, a sudden solar wind dynamic pressure decrease occurred at 1437 UT according to the OMNI solar wind data. The solar wind velocity did not change significantly, while the density dropped from 42 to 10 cm−3 in a minute. The interplanetary magnetic field BZ was weakly northward during the event, while the BY changed from positive to negative. Using the University of Michigan Block Adaptive Tree Solarwind Roe Upwind Scheme global magnetohydrodynamic code, the global responses to the decrease in the solar wind dynamic pressure were studied. The simulation revealed that the magnetospheric expansion consisted of two phases similar to the responses during magnetospheric compression, namely, a negative preliminary impulse and a negative main impulse phase. The simulated plasma flow and magnetic fields reasonably reproduced the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms and Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft in situ observations. Two separate pairs of dawn‐dusk vortices formed during the expansion of the magnetosphere, leading to two separate pairs of field‐aligned current cells. The effects of the flow and auroral precipitation on the ionosphere‐thermosphere (I‐T) system were investigated using the Global Ionosphere Thermosphere Model driven by simulated ionospheric electrodynamics. The perturbations in the convection electric fields caused enhancements in the ion and electron temperatures. This study shows that, like the well‐studied sudden solar wind pressure increases, sudden pressure decreases can have large impacts in the coupled I‐T system. In addition, the responses of the I‐T system depend on the initial convection flows and field‐aligned current profiles before the solar wind pressure perturbations.
Jupiter's Turbulent Power Spectra From Hubble Space Telescope
Authors: Cosentino Richard G. , Simon Amy , Morales‐Juberías Raúl
Published: April 2019

Turbulence in Jupiter's atmosphere was investigated with archival and ongoing observations from the Hubble Space Telescope. Data sets that include one full rotation (360° longitude coverage) were used to produce complete maps of the planet's upper cloud layer. The global maps were analyzed to generate the passive tracer power spectrum of cloud features for single rotation observations, while successive rotations produced pairs of maps such that zonal winds were calculated. An atmosphere's dimensionality and dynamics are reflected in the slopes of such turbulent power spectra. Many of the retrieved passive tracer power spectra have a shallow spectral index over wave numbers k∼1 − 30 and transition to the well‐known Kolmogorov k−5/3 relation at smaller scales between wave numbers k∼30 − 1,000. The transition scale is similar to the number of jets in Jupiter's zonal wind profile and is related to the Rhines scale and the beta effect induced anisotropy scale. We also report on differences found in anticyclonic and cyclonic shear region power spectra and how they correlate to latitudinal changes in the zonal wind profile. We found that properties of Jupiter's power spectra are consistent with quasi‐geostrophic turbulence for shallow fluids.
Tracking and Validating ICMEs Propagating Toward Mars Using STEREO Heliospheric Imagers Combined With Forbush Decreases Detected by MSL/RAD
Authors: Freiherr von Forstner Johan L. , Guo Jingnan , Wimmer‐Schweingruber Robert F. , Temmer Manuela , Dumbović Mateja , Veronig Astrid , Möstl Christian , Hassler Donald M. , Zeitlin Cary J. , Ehresmann Bent
Published: April 2019

The Radiation Assessment Detector (RAD) instrument onboard the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission's Curiosity rover has been measuring galactic cosmic rays (GCR) as well as solar energetic particles (SEP) on the surface of Mars for more than 6 years since its landing in August 2012. The observations include a large number of Forbush decreases (FD) caused by interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) and/or their associated shocks shielding away part of the GCR particles with their turbulent and enhanced magnetic fields while passing Mars. This study combines MSL/RAD FD measurements and remote tracking of ICMEs using the Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory (STEREO) Heliospheric Imager (HI) telescopes in a statistical study for the first time. The large data set collected by HI makes it possible to analyze 149 ICMEs propagating toward MSL both during its 8‐month cruise phase and after its landing on Mars. We link 45 of the events observed at STEREO‐HI to their corresponding FDs at MSL/RAD and study the accuracy of the ICME arrival time at Mars predicted from HI data using different methods. The mean differences between the predicted arrival times and those observed using FDs range from −11–5 hr for the different methods, with standard deviations between 17 and 20 hr. These values for predictions at Mars are very similar compared to other locations closer to the Sun and also comparable to the precision of some other modeling approaches.
USF1-induced upregulation of LINC01048 promotes cell proliferation and apoptosis in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma by binding to TAF15 to transcriptionally activate YAP1
Authors: Chen Lezi , Chen Quan , Kuang Shifeng , Zhao Chengli , Yang Lu , Zhang Yi , Zhu Huilan , Yang Ridong
Published: April 2019

Previous studies have revealed that dysregulation of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can facilitate carcinogenesis. This study aims to investigate the biological role of a certain lncRNA in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC). According to the data of TCGA database, high expression of long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1048 (LINC01048) is an unfavorable prognostic factor for patients with CSCC. Therefore, we further detected the expression pattern of LINC01048 in CSCC tissues. Obviously, LINC01048 was expressed higher in the CSCC tissues and recurrence tissues compared with that in adjacent normal tissues and non-recurrence tissues. Furthermore, Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed the negative correlation between LINC01048 expression and the overall survival and disease-free survival of CSCC patients. Subsequently, functional assays were conducted to prove the inhibitory effect of silenced LINC01048 on the proliferation and apoptosis of CSCC cells. Mechanistically, LINC01048 was proved to be transcriptionally activated by USF1. Pathway analysis and western blot assay showed that knockdown of LINC01048 led to the activation of Hippo pathway. Moreover, YAP1, a Hippo pathway factor, was positively regulated by LINC01048. Further mechanism investigation revealed that LINC01048 increased the binding of TAF15 to YAP1 promoter to transcriptionally activate YAP1 in CSCC cells. Finally, rescue assays demonstrated that YAP1 involved in LINC01048-mediated CSCC cell proliferation and apoptosis. In conclusion, USF1-induced upregulation of LINC01048 promoted CSCC by interacting with TAF15 to upregulate YAP1.
Anoikis resistant mediated by FASN promoted growth and metastasis of osteosarcoma
Authors: Sun Tianhao , Zhong Xing , Song Honghai , Liu Jiaming , Li Jingao , Leung Frankie , Lu William W. , Liu Zhi-Li
Published: April 2019

The pulmonary metastasis of osteosarcoma (OS) occurs commonly, which resulted from anoikis resistant (AR) of tumor cells as reported by previous studies, but the exact roles of AR in osteosarcoma were not fully studied. Our previous investigations showed fatty acid synthase (FASN) was relating to clinical features of patients with OS. In this study, we aim to explore the functions of FASN in the AR OS cells in vitro and in vivo and study the downstream effectors of FASN. In the present study, we used our established cell model to study the AR. We revealed that AR promoted cell proliferation and migration as determined by colony formation assay and transwell assay. In addition, AR assisted tumor growth in vivo. In the AR cells, the expression of FASN was higher. Thus, we constructed lentiviruses to silence or overexpress FASN in four cell lines to study functions of FASN. Silence of FASN reduced cell colonies and migration while overexpression of FASN increased colonies and migration in suspended cells. Loss of functions of FASN induced cell apoptosis in suspended OS cells while gain of function of FASN suppressed apoptosis as determined by flow cytometry. We found the levels of p-ERK1/2 and Bcl-xL declined when FASN was silenced while they increased when FASN was overexpressed. In addition, results showed that the levels of FASN and its potential related molecules (p-ERK1/2 and Bcl-xL) increased in 143B-AR and MG-63-AR cells. In vivo study showed that inhibition of FASN decreased pulmonary metastasis of OS. In conclusion, we showed that anoikis resistant and FASN as two interactional factors facilitated the progress of osteosarcoma.
Ultrafast photoinduced flavin dynamics in the unusual active site of the tRNA methyltransferase TrmFO
Authors: Dozova Nadia , Lacombat Fabien , Bou-Nader Charles , Hamdane Djemel , Plaza Pascal
Published: April 2019

Bacillus subtilis tRNA methyltransferase TrmFO: photoinduced ultrafast tyrosine oxidation produces a still protonated tryptophanyl radical.
Plasmid binding to metal oxide nanoparticles inhibited lateral transfer of antibiotic resistance genes
Authors: Hu Xiaojie , Yang Bing , Zhang Wei , Qin Chao , Sheng Xue , Oleszczuk Patryk , Gao Yanzheng
Published: April 2019

Aggregates or adducts of MONPs and plasmids are blocked out by cells, resulting in the inhibition of lateral plasmid-mediated ARG transfer.
La-Doped biomimetic scaffolds facilitate bone remodelling by synchronizing osteointegration and phagocytic activity of macrophages
Authors: Yin Junhui , Yu Jianqing , Ke Qinfei , Yang Qianhao , Zhu Daoyu , Gao Youshui , Guo Yaping , Zhang Changqing
Published: April 2019

The capacity of osteoconduction held by HA/CS, osteoinduction by La3+, and biodegradability by a La-HA/CS composite, contributes to an ideal scaffold for osteointegration and remodelling.
A quadruple-channel fluorescent sensor array based on label-free carbon dots for sensitive detection of tetracyclines
Authors: Long Dengying , Peng Jingdong , Peng Huanjun , Xian Hong , Li Shiyu , Wang Xiang , Chen Jun , Zhang Zhongying , Ni Ranxi
Published: April 2019

A quadruple-channel fluorescent sensor array based on label-free carbon dots (CDs) was fabricated to detect and discriminate a series of tetracyclines (TCs), including chlortetracycline (CTC), oxytetracycline (OTC), tetracycline (TC) and doxycycline (DOX).
A new method using machine learning for automated image analysis applied to chip-based digital assays
Authors: Gou Tong , Hu Jiumei , Zhou Shufang , Wu Wenshuai , Fang Weibo , Sun Jingjing , Hu Zhenming , Shen Haotian , Mu Ying
Published: April 2019

An automated machine learning based method for image processes applied to digital assays.
Primer remodeling amplification-activated multisite-catalytic hairpin assembly enabling the concurrent formation of Y-shaped DNA nanotorches for the fluorescence assay of ochratoxin A
Authors: Wang Jingfeng , Wang Yu , Liu Su , Wang Haiwang , Zhang Xue , Song Xiaolei , Yu Jinghua , Huang Jiadong
Published: April 2019

A fluorescent assay for detection of OTA based on RCA–activated multisite-CHA dual concurrent strategy.
A red mitochondria-targeted AIEgen for visualizing H2S in living cells and tumours
Authors: Ma Yufan , Wang Huiping , Su Shan , Chen Yuzhi , Li Yawen , Wang Xuefei , Wang Zhuo
Published: April 2019

A red mitochondria-targeted AIEgen with greater conjugate and more positive charges for visualizing H2S in cells and tumours.
Cooperative reduction of various RAFT polymer terminals using hydrosilane and thiol via polarity reversal catalysis
Authors: Uchiyama Mineto , Satoh Kotaro , Kamigaito Masami
Published: April 2019

Cooperative reduction of various thiocarbonylthio polymer terminals was investigated using thiol as a polarity reversal catalyst with hydrosilane as a reducing agent.
A novel interpenetrated anion-pillared porous material with high water tolerance afforded efficient C2H2/C2H4 separation
Authors: Yang Lifeng , Jin Anye , Ge Lisha , Cui Xili , Xing Huabin
Published: April 2019

A novel water stable interpenetrated anion-pillared metal-organic framework afforded highly efficient C2H2/C2H4 separation performance.
DNP NMR spectroscopy reveals new structures, residues and interactions in wild spider silks
Authors: Craig Hamish C. , Blamires Sean J. , Sani Marc-Antoine , Kasumovic Michael M. , Rawal Aditya , Hook James M.
Published: April 2019

DNP solid state NMR spectroscopy allows non-targeted analysis of wild spider silk in unprecedented detail at natural abundance, revealing hitherto unreported features across several species.
Synthesis and application of the blue fluorescent amino acid l-4-cyanotryptophan to assess peptide–membrane interactions
Authors: Zhang Kui , Ahmed Ismail A. , Kratochvil Huong T. , DeGrado William F. , Gai Feng , Jo Hyunil
Published: April 2019

Facile chemical synthesis of l-4CN-Trp and incorporation into a pHLIP peptide enabled FRET study on peptide–membrane interactions.
d8⋯d10 RhI⋯AuI interactions in Rh 2,6-xylylisocyanide complexes with [Au(CN)2]−: bond analysis and crystal effects
Authors: Conejo-Rodríguez Verónica , Peñas-Defrutos Marconi N. , Espinet Pablo
Published: April 2019

The well-known [RhL4]n(anion)n structures, with RhI⋯RhI d8⋯d8 interactions, are replaced by others with RhI⋯AuI d8⋯d10 interactions such as [{RhL4}{Au(CN)2}] (L = 2,6-xylylisocyanide) or [{RhL4}{Au(CN)2}{RhL4}{Au2(CN)3}·4(CHCl3)]∞ when the anion is [Au(CN)2]−.
Correction: Mercury nanoladders: a new method for DNA amplification, signal identification and their application in the detection of Hg(ii) ions
Authors: Feng Yuxiang , Shao Xiangli , Huang Kunlun , Tian Jingjing , Mei Xiaohong , Luo Yunbo , Xu Wentao
Published: April 2019

Correction for ‘Mercury nanoladders: a new method for DNA amplification, signal identification and their application in the detection of Hg(ii) ions’ by Yuxiang Feng et al., Chem. Commun., 2018, 54, 8036–8039.
Electronic and magnetic properties of the one-dimensional interfaces of two-dimensional lateral GeC/BP heterostructures
Authors: Wang Hao , Wei Wei , Li Fengping , Huang Baibiao , Dai Ying
Published: April 2019

We studied the electronic and magnetic properties of one-dimensional (1D) interfaces of two dimensional (2D) GeC/BP lateral heterostructures by first-principles calculations.
Photoinduced anisotropic distortion as the electron trapping site of tungsten trioxide by ultrafast W L1-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy with full potential multiple scattering calculations
Authors: Koide Akihiro , Uemura Yohei , Kido Daiki , Wakisaka Yuki , Takakusagi Satoru , Ohtani Bunsho , Niwa Yasuhiro , Nozawa Shunsuke , Ichiyanagi Kohei , Fukaya Ryo , Adachi Shin-ichi , Katayama Tetsuo , Togashi Tadashi , Owada Shigeki , Yabashi Makina , Yamamoto Yusaku , Katayama Misaki , Hatada Keisuke , Yokoyama Toshihiko , Asakura Kiyotaka
Published: April 2019

Ultrafast XANES spectra and full-potential multiple scattering reveal the anisotropic structure change of photoexcited WO3.
Detailed electronic structure of a high-spin cobalt(ii) complex determined from NMR and THz-EPR spectroscopy
Authors: Pavlov Alexander A. , Nehrkorn Joscha , Pankratova Yanina A. , Ozerov Mykhaylo , Mikhalyova Elena A. , Polezhaev Alexander V. , Nelyubina Yulia V. , Novikov Valentin V.
Published: April 2019

Here we report a combined use of THz-EPR and paramagnetic NMR spectroscopy for obtaining a detailed electronic structure of a high-spin cobalt(ii) complex.
Syntheses, structures and catalytic properties of Evans–Showell-type polyoxometalate-based 3D metal–organic complexes constructed from the semi-rigid bis(pyridylformyl)piperazine ligand and transition metals
Authors: Li Feng-Cai , Tan Li-Kun , Li Xi-Li , Kong Hua-Jie , Ge Li-Ming , Yue Ling-Yu , Han Li-Feng
Published: April 2019

Two 3D Evans–Showell-type POM-based different transition metals–bis-pyrazine–bis-amide complexes act as heterogeneous catalysts for the oxidation of benzyl alcohol.
Towards efficient sustainable full-copper dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Dragonetti Claudia , Magni Mirko , Colombo Alessia , Fagnani Francesco , Roberto Dominique , Melchiorre Fabio , Biagini Paolo , Fantacci Simona
Published: April 2019

Two new heteroleptic copper(i) sensitizers with π-delocalized ancillary ligands for full copper DSSCs.
One-pot conversion of lysine to caprolactam over Ir/H-Beta catalysts
Authors: Sebastian Joby , Zheng Mingyuan , Jiang Yu , Zhao Yu , Wang Hua , Song Zhendong , Li Xinsheng , Pang Jifeng , Zhang Tao
Published: April 2019

One-pot catalytic conversion of l-lysine to caprolactam over Ir/H-Beta zeolites was demonstrated. In methanol solvent, l-lysine is transformed to DMAC and then to CPL via C–N bond hydrogenolysis by the synergistic catalysis of acid sites and hydrogenation sites.
Construction of hierarchical NiCo2S4 nanotube@NiMoO4 nanosheet hybrid arrays as advanced battery-type electrodes for hybrid supercapacitors
Authors: Wang Peijia , Cai Haoran , Li Xiaolong , Yang Yefeng , Li Geng , Xie Jinlei , Xia Hanchun , Sun Peiheng , Zhang Desuo , Xiong Jie
Published: April 2019

Hierarchical NiCo2S4@NiMoO4 nanotube/nanosheet arrays were successfully fabricated on Ni foam as battery-type electrodes for high-performance hybrid supercapacitors.
Lipophilic NHC assisted one-pot synthesis of syncarpamide analogues in aqueous medium
Authors: Suresh Pavithira , Selva Ganesan Subramaniapillai
Published: April 2019

Lipophilic NHC catalysis in aqueous medium was reported for the synthesis of biologically relevant (a)symmetrically substituted and unsymmetrically substituted syncarpamide analogues.
LaZrCeO/YSZ TBCs by EB-PVD: microstructural evolution, residual stress and degradation behavior
Authors: Shen Zaoyu , Zhong Bintao , He Limin , Xu Zhenhua , Mu Rende , Huang Guanghong
Published: April 2019

The evolution of TGO, residual stress and element depletion appears to be relevant to the degradation of LZC/YSZ DCL TBCs.
Pd-Catalyzed coupling reaction of cyclobutanols with propargylic carbonates
Authors: Wu Penglin , Jia Minqiang , Ma Shengming
Published: April 2019

Pd-Catalyzed ring opening coupling reaction of cyclobutanols with propargylic carbonates afforded δ-allenyl ketones efficiently.
2H NMR reveals liquid state-like dynamics of arene guests inside hexameric pyrogallol[4]arene capsules in the solid state
Authors: Islas Irazema J. , Stengel Dillan , Garcia Cesar A. , Addison J. Bennett , Samaan George N. , Holland Gregory P. , Purse Byron W.
Published: April 2019

Guest dynamics inside pyrogallol[4]arene hexamers in the solid state are sensitive to structure external to the host.
The effects of the heteroatom and position on excited-state intramolecular proton transfer of new hydroxyphenyl benzoxazole derivatives: a time-dependent density functional theory study
Authors: Li Changming , Guo Wei , Zhou Panwang , Tang Zhe
Published: April 2019

The effects of the heteroatom and position on excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) of 2-[4′-(N-4,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazi-n-2-yl)2′hydroxyphenyl]benzoxazole (4THBO) have been investigatedviatime-dependent density functional theory studies.
MXenes and ultrasonication
Authors: Malaki Massoud , Maleki Aziz , Varma Rajender S.
Published: April 2019

MXenes, 2D transition metal carbides/nitrides, with superior electrical, optical, and mechanical properties is a recent discovery and have already been deployed in a variety of fields such as batteries, composites, sensors and medical devices.
Histone variant macroH2A: from chromatin deposition to molecular function
Authors: Sun Zhen , Bernstein Emily
Published: April 2019

The eukaryotic genome is regulated in the context of chromatin. Specialized histones, known as histone variants, incorporate into chromatin to replace their canonical counterparts and represent an important layer of regulation to diversify the structural characteristics and functional outputs of chromatin. MacroH2A is an unusual histone variant with a bulky C-terminal non-histone domain that distinguishes it from all other histones. It is a critical player in stabilizing differentiated cell identity by posing as a barrier to somatic cell reprogramming toward pluripotency and acts as a tumor suppressor in a wide range of cancers. MacroH2A histones are generally regarded as repressive variants that are enriched at the inactive X chromosome (Xi) and broad domains across autosomal chromatin. Recent studies have shed light on to how macroH2A influences transcriptional outputs within distinct genomic contexts and revealed new intriguing molecular functions of macroH2A variants beyond transcriptional regulation. Furthermore, the mechanisms of its mysterious chromatin deposition are beginning to be unraveled, facilitating our understanding of its complex regulation of genome function.
Perception–Production Links in Children's Speech
Authors: Lowenstein Joanna H. , Nittrouer Susan
Published: April 2019

Purpose

Child phonologists have long been interested in how tightly speech input constrains the speech production capacities of young children, and the question acquires clinical significance when children with hearing loss are considered. Children with sensorineural hearing loss often show differences in the spectral and temporal structures of their speech production, compared to children with normal hearing. The current study was designed to investigate the extent to which this problem can be explained by signal degradation.

Method

Ten 5-year-olds with normal hearing were recorded imitating 120 three-syllable nonwords presented in unprocessed form and as noise-vocoded signals. Target segments consisted of fricatives, stops, and vowels. Several measures were made: 2 duration measures (voice onset time and fricative length) and 4 spectral measures involving 2 segments (1st and 3rd moments of fricatives and 1st and 2nd formant frequencies for the point vowels).

Results

All spectral measures were affected by signal degradation, with vowel production showing the largest effects. Although a change in voice onset time was observed with vocoded signals for /d/, voicing category was not affected. Fricative duration remained constant.

Conclusions

Results support the hypothesis that quality of the input signal constrains the speech production capacities of young children. Consequently, it can be concluded that the production problems of children with hearing loss—including those with cochlear implants—can be explained to some extent by the degradation in the signal they hear. However, experience with both speech perception and production likely plays a role as well.
Zero‐bias mitigation method based on optimal correlation interval for digital code phase discriminator
Authors: Ma Chunjiang , Lv Zhicheng , Tang Xiaomei , Xiao Zhibin , Sun Guangfu
Published: April 2019

In time synchronisation systems, the code phase of the spread spectrum signal is an important characteristic that can provide users with high‐precision and unambiguous observation results. However, digital code phase discriminators have limited sampling frequencies that distort the signal correlation peak and generates a zero‐bias code‐phase estimate. In this Letter, the authors evaluate and analyse the zero‐phase deviations of digital code phases. An optimal correlation interval design method, based on a code phase discriminator that can effectively suppress the zero‐crossing deviation, is also proposed. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can reduce the deviation of 96.5% and effectively improve the measurement accuracy of the code phase.
Mutual reinforced part‐aligned network for person re‐identification
Authors: Liu Yongwen , An Gaoyun , Zheng Zhenxing
Published: April 2019

Part misalignment of the human body caused by complex variations in viewpoint and pose makes person re‐identification be a fundamental challenging task. In this Letter, the authors propose a new Part‐Aligned Network (PAN) stacked by Part‐Aligned Module (PAM) to learn the effective representation for person re‐identification. Specifically, PAN is constructed by stacking several PAMs which is simultaneously comprised of an appearance branch and a part branch. The appearance branch performs spatial modelling while the part branch captures human part information simultaneously. Appearance features and part features are then combined to explore the implicit complementary advantages and these two branches are learned in a mutually reinforcing way. Extensive experiments are conducted on the three most popular datasets: Market‐1501, DukeMTMC‐reID, and CUHK03. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed PAN achieves superior performance to the existing state‐of‐the‐art methods.
Compact self‐isolated MIMO antenna system based on quarter‐mode SIW cavity
Authors: Niu Bing‐Jian , Tan Jie‐Hong
Published: April 2019

A compact self‐isolated multiple‐input–multiple‐output (MIMO) antenna system is proposed. It is based on a quarter‐mode substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity where two edges are shorted by metallic vias and the other edges are open. A narrow slot with a rotated angle of 45° is utilised to divide the single cavity into two equal eighth‐mode sub‐cavities. These sub‐cavities are fed by two coaxial ports to construct the proposed MIMO antenna system. A self‐isolated mechanism that cavity energy inputted by one port is radiated into free space rather than transmitted to the other port is first observed. High isolation between two antenna elements can be obtained without additional isolating or decoupling networks although they are contacted with each other. A fabricated prototype operating at 3.5 GHz achieves the measured port isolation of higher than 18.5 dB, envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) of less than 0.04, the peak gain of 4.6 dBi, and maximum efficiency of 79.2%. With advantages of compact size, high isolation, low ECC, and good radiation performance, the proposed self‐isolated MIMO antenna system is a good candidate for wireless communication.
Visible light positioning based on architecture information: method and performance
Authors: Seguel Fabian , Krommenacker Nicolas , Charpentier Patrick , Soto Ismael
Published: April 2019

In this paper a novel 2‐D range free positioning method which uses visible light communications network architecture is presented. The algorithm performance for lattice and hexagonal LED lighting infrastructure deployment is obtained by computational simulation. The robustness of our method against changes on receiver's field of view and mismatch between the assumed vertical distance and real vertical position is simulated in a room of dimensions 5 × 5 × 2.5 m. A localization interest zone with receiver's height between 0.5 and 1.1 m measured from the floor is considered as variation on vertical distance. Moreover, FOV's ranging from 90° to 130° are used to measure the behaviour of the method when different built‐in photo detectors are incorporated in the mobile device. Our algorithm overcomes three traditional localization methods, i.e., convex position estimation, centroid and received signal strength based trilateration when changes in the FOV occurs. In addition to this, it shows better accuracy than other range free algorithms when an assumed height difference mismatch of up to 30 cm exist. The method shows better coverage than range based methods being able to reduce border effects and perform localization with reliable accuracy using only one connected cell and a single photo detector.
Constrained model predictive control for positive systems
Authors: Mehrivash Hamed , Shafiei Mohammad Hossein
Published: April 2019

This article is devoted to the problem of model predictive control (MPC) design for discrete‐time and continuous‐time positive systems with state and input constraints. The proposed controllers are so designed that the closed‐loop constrained systems are positive and stable, meanwhile, linear infinite horizon cost functions through their upper bounds are minimised. In the discrete‐time case, the performance of the control system compared to existing studies is remarkably improved. Moreover, in the continuous‐time case, the proposed MPC is such that can be directly applied to the continuous‐time positive system without discretisation. The merit of this method is that the sampling interval has nothing to do with the stability of the system, just a shorter sampling period results in better optimality and performance. In addition, by defining a slack variable and accounting it in the minimisation problems, a fast rate of convergence will be obtained. In order to solve the optimisation problem of MPC, linear programming (LP) is used which needs to be solved at each iteration. All conditions are derived in the form of LP. Finally, to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, comparisons with the existing studies are presented through practical and numerical examples.
A novel global MPP tracking scheme based on shading pattern identification using artificial neural networks for photovoltaic power generation during partial shaded condition
Authors: Kota Venkata Reddy , Bhukya Muralidhar Nayak
Published: April 2019

Efficiency of the photovoltaic (PV) power generating system is affected during partial shaded condition (PSC). The power‐voltage characteristic of PV system exhibits multiple peaks during PSC. It is the task of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller to track global maximum power point (GMPP). Conventional MPPT schemes stop at first peak and fail to accomplish GMPP during PSC. Metaheuristic algorithms developed to track GMPP are complex, costly and require much time to track GMPP. Hence, this study put forwards a novel GMPPT scheme for effective tracking based on shading pattern identification using artificial neural network (ANN). In this scheme, ANN is used to estimate the shading pattern on PV panels and a two‐dimensional lookup table supplies the MPP voltage corresponding to the shading pattern. By maintaining this voltage across PV panel, maximum power is extracted. The proposed scheme is compared with the existing artificial bee colony and particle swarm optimisation algorithms under different shading configurations to verify their performance under PSC. It is observed that the proposed scheme extracts maximum power effectively under various partial shading conditions. The proposed scheme is implemented in field‐programmable gate array (FPGA) controller and the experimental results prove effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Effects of CO2 and CO on the reduction of NO over calcined limestone or char in oxy‐fuel fluidised bed combustion
Authors: Liao Xinjie , Shao Jingai , Zhang Shihong , Li Xiangpeng , Yang Haiping , Wang Xianhua , Chen Hanping
Published: April 2019

To reveal the effects of CO2 and CO on the reduction of NO in oxy‐fuel fluidised bed combustion, NO–CO reduction catalysed by calcined limestone and NO–char reduction were studied in a suspension‐bed reactor under CO2 or N2 atmosphere with the CO concentration varied from 0.28 to 1.88%. Results showed that the calcined limestone is an effective catalyst for NO–CO reduction. The activation energy of NO–CO reduction over calcined limestone was 157–164 kJ/mol at low temperature (600–800°C) and decreased to 58.7–102.1 kJ/mol at high temperature (800–100°C). In CO2 atmosphere, the NO conversion ratio was nearly zero during the NO–CO reduction process, and for NO–char reduction, the NO conversion ratio in CO2 was lower than that in N2. However, CO showed promotion effect on NO reduction. In NO–CO reduction process, as the CO concentration increased from 0.28% to 1.88%, the NO reduction ratio increased from 0.40 to 0.75. For NO–char reduction in N2, the NO conversion ratio was obviously higher when 1% CO was introduced, and the promotion effect of CO became weaker as the temperature increased. Moreover, the promoting effect of CO was inhibited in CO2 atmosphere.
Trust enforcement in vehicular networks: challenges and opportunities
Authors: El‐Sayed Hesham , Chaqfeh Moumena , El‐Kassabi Hadeel , Serhani Mohamed Adel , Alexander Henry
Published: April 2019

A major objective of vehicular networking is to improve road safety and travel convenience. The experience of individual vehicles on traffic conditions and travel situations can be shared with other vehicles for improving their route planning and driving decisions. Nevertheless, the frequent occurrence of adversary vehicles in the network is unavoidable. These vehicles may engage in various malicious activities affecting the overall network performance. To control and monitor effectively security threats in vehicular networks, an efficient trust management system should be employed to identify the trustworthiness of individual vehicles and detect malicious drivers. This study provides a review of the research efforts aimed at enabling trust in vehicular environments. The major challenges are highlighted, and an edge‐based architecture is proposed as a supportive platform. Furthermore, existing models proposed for trust evaluation, aggregation, propagation and decision making are reviewed. Finally, the current directions to enforce trust in vehicular environments are highlighted.
The calibration of the sprayers and the factors involved in coverage uniformity in the vineyard
Authors: Mosetti Davide , Sivilotti Paolo , Bigot Giovanni
Published: April 2019

The phytopathological condition of the vineyard and the reduction in the use of crop protection products are closely linked to the efficiency of the use of sprayers. The objective of the work was to identify the best operative conditions to improve the canopy coverage of the spraying. From 2012 to 2017 173 field trials were carried out in 40 farms, on 24 varieties, testing 72 different sprayers in North Eastern Italy. Water-sensitive papers of 2.5 × 2.5 cm were positioned in eight points in the vine canopy according to a standardized method, and they were examined after spraying for spray deposition. In general, results showed that coverage of the lower leaf surface was very poor. On the contrary, the upper section of leaves in the outer canopy layers have received excessive spraying, over 70% coverage in 25% of cases. The coverage uniformity was improved by using driving speeds lower than 6 km / h and using upward air flow direction.
Vineyard protection with rain-shelter: relationships between radiometric properties of plastic covers and table grape quality
Authors: de Palma Laura , Limosani Patrizio , Marasovic lva , Pati Sandra , Vox Giuliano , Scettini Evelia , Novello Vittorino
Published: April 2019

The rise of unpredictable, heavy rainfalls increases incidence of diseases, berry rot, berry cracking, and enhance the need for rain shelters. The influence of the type of rain shelter on microclimate and grape quality is still little explored. The aim of this trial was to investigate the radiometric properties of a new type of cover, its effect on vineyard microclimate and on table grape quality, as compared with a reference cover, during a vintage with unusually abundant precipitation for Southern Italy. The new cover was characterized by lower transmissivity to IRshort radiation, and by a very higher transmissivity to UV radiation. It showed a tendency to decrease air temperature by 1 °C, increase RH by 2–3%, reduce VPD, and improve vine water status with respect to the reference. At harvest, grapes covered with the new sheet had higher TSS concentration, TSS / TA ratio, total skin polyphenol and flavonoids content, and berry skin resistance to rupture. Those berries, moreover, increased the level of volatile compounds such as linalool, typical of ‘Italia’ muscat aroma, and terpineol.
Effects of different types of shelter on physiology and growth of Sangiovese vines during the first year after planting
Authors: Battista Mattii Giovan , Cataldo Eleonora , Salvi Linda , Sbraci Sofia , Paoli Francesca , Bottari Francesco
Published: April 2019

In the early stages of planting, the shelter can provide for young vines protection against damage of various kinds. Despite their widespread use, few surveys have been devoted to the study of innovative shelter types and the possible influence of these protections on the physiology and development of plants. In the present experiment, which took place in 2017 in a Tuscan winery, the effects of vine protections by the company OSO (Prato) on single leaf gas exchanges and on the shoot growth in the first year of planting were studied. Three types of shelters with a circular section (completely perforated, partially perforated and closed) have been compared with the traditional full-wall shelters with square section. During the growing season, sprout growth measures, leaf area, leaf gas exchanges and water potential were carried out on the young vines. At the end of the season, shoots were sampled to measure the dry matter accumulated during the season. Among the shelters taken into consideration, it emerges that the completely perforated type guarantees the best development, with differences that are almost always significant for most of the measured parameters with traditional shelters. On the contrary, the closed typology has led to a reduction in growth, in gas exchanges and in water potential. In conclusion, the type completely perforated could constitute a valid alternative to the traditional one because, besides being a useful means for the protection of the vine, it could benefit the development of the root system in the early stages of growth.
Performance of Water Treatment Techniques on Cocopeat Media Filled Grow Bed Aquaponics System
Authors: Kamauddin Mohd Johari , Ali Ottoman Nur Syahmi Izzati , Abu Bakar Muhammad Haafiz , Johari Anwar , Hassim Mimi Haryani
Published: April 2019

Aquaponics system is an innovative idea which combined both aquaculture and hydroponics systems. In this study performance of four different types of water treatment technique was investigated in cocopeat media filled grow bed aquaponics system. The techniques that had been investigated were mechanical filter, biological filter, combination of both mechanical and biological filters and grow media (cocopeat) itself as filtration media. The effectiveness these techniques were assessed through (i) water quality and nutrients level of circulated water and (ii) growth rates of plant (Gynura procumbens) and Red Nile Tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus) The (i) water quality (pH, temperature, total suspended solid and dissolved oxygen) (ii) nutrient level (ammonia, nitrite, nitrate) and (iii) grow rates of plant and fish were weekly measured for this study. The results revealed that cocopeat media filled grow bed only was insufficient to act as water treatment unit in the aquaponics system studied. The aquaponics system required at least a biological or mechanical filter to produce acceptable yields of fish and plant. For the long term, the combination of axial flow and biofilter with superlative ratio was suggested in order to produce the best performance of parameters studied. This integrated technique was able to maintain the water quality within the tolerance limit of fish besides supplying enough amount nutrients (especially nitrate) for the plant growth and easier maintenance work in terms of cleaning and disposal of sludge.