bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Case report: A case of immune thrombocytopenia combined with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Helicobacter pylori infection in a child
Authors: Yang Lihong , Xiao Dongqiong , Li Xihong , Lai Chunqi , Chen Yuhao , Pan Lingli
Published: June 2023

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is one of the most prevalent acquired bleeding disorders in children, which is primarily characterized by a decrease in platelet count. It can be classified into two subtypes: primary ITP and secondary ITP. The underlying mechanisms causing ITP are complex and not fully comprehended. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infections can lead to ITP and potentially trigger various autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, there is evidence of a correlation between thyroid disease and ITP. In this case report, we describe the case of an 11-year-old patient who presented with ITP, Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), and H. pylori infection. Following anti-H. pylori treatment and thyroxine supplementation, the child's platelet count increased compared to the previous count. The limitation of this report is that the platelet count of this child returned to normal after anti-H. pylori and thyroxine supplementation, so we cannot distinguish the effect of anti-H. pylori and thyroxine supplementation on the platelet count in this child. Despite this limitation, we still believe that early screening for thyroid function and H. pylori, as well as prompt eradication of H. pylori, along with thyroxine supplementation, may be beneficial in treating and improving the prognosis of children diagnosed with ITP.
Protective factors for early initiation of breastfeeding among Brazilian nursing mothers
Authors: Lemos Giovana Gaglianone , Sousa Taciana Maia de , Souza Rafaela Cristina Vieira e , Ferreira Larissa Bueno , Miranda Cristianny , Santos Luana Caroline dos
Published: June 2023

Objectives

Evaluate the protective factors associated with early initiation of breastfeeding.

Methods

Cross-sectional study conducted with Brazilian nursing mothers. Breastfeeding in the first hour of life and difficulty initiating breastfeeding in the birth room were adopted as outcome variables and associated with other maternal and child information. Poisson regression was conducted to synthesize the data.

Results

Among 104 nursing mothers evaluated, 56.7% reported breastfeeding in the first hour of life and 43% had difficulty initiating breastfeeding in the birth room. There was a higher prevalence of breastfeeding in the first hour of life among mothers with previous breastfeeding experience (PR = 1.47, 95% CI 1.04–2.07). Difficulty initiating breastfeeding in the birth room was more prevalent among mothers who did not receive breastfeeding guidance during antenatal care (PR = 2.83, 95% CI 1.43–4.32) and those without previous breastfeeding experience (PR = 2.49, 95% CI 1.24–6.45).

Conclusion

These findings highlight the importance of adequate professional guidance, especially for primiparous mothers.
Neuroprotective effect of Astragali Radix on cerebral infarction based on proteomics
Authors: Li Ying , Wang Daoping , Guo Rongjuan , Ma Bo , Miao Lan , Sun Mingqian , He Lijuan , Lin Li , Pan Yinghong , Ren Junguo , Liu Jianxun
Published: June 2023

Objective: Astragali Radix (AR, Huangqi in Chinese) has a neuroprotective effect on cerebral infarction (CI). In order to explore the biological basis and therapeutic mechanism of AR in CI, a double-blind randomized controlled trial was established in this study, and proteomics analysis was carried out on serum samples of patients.

Methods: The patients were divided into the AR group (n = 35) and the control group (n = 30). The curative effect was evaluated by the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome score and clinical indicators, and the serum of the two groups was analyzed by proteomics. Based on bioinformatics analysis methods, the changes in differential proteins between two groups of samples were explored, and the key proteins were validated through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results: The results of this study showed that the scores of deficiency of vital energy (DVE), blood stasis (BS), and NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) decreased significantly (p < 0.05), while the scores of the Barthel Index (BI) increased, indicating that AR could significantly improve the symptoms of CI patients. In addition, we found that compared with the control group, AR upregulated 43 proteins and downregulated 20 proteins, especially focusing on anti-atherosclerosis and neuroprotective effects. Moreover, ELISA indicated the levels of IL-6, TNF-α, VCAM-1, MCP-1, and ICAM-1 were significantly decreased in the serum of the AR group (p < 0.05, p < 0.01).

Conclusion: This study found that AR can significantly recover the clinical symptoms of CI. Serum proteomics research results show that AR may act on IL-6, TNF-α, VCAM-1, MCP-1, and ICAM-1, and play anti-atherosclerosis and neuroprotective roles.

Clinical Trial Registration: [clinicaltrials.gov], identifier [NCT02846207]
Exploring the potential mechanisms of Shiwei Hezi pill against nephritis based on the method of network pharmacology
Authors: Wei Lei
Published: June 2023

Objective: We aimed to reveal the potential active ingredients, targets and pathways of Shiwei Hezi pill (SHP) in the treatment of nephritis based on systematic network pharmacology.

Methods: The online database was used to screen the common targets of SHP and nephritis, and the interaction between targets was analyzed. Gene Ontology (GO) functional annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were performed using the Bioinformatics website. Molecular docking was carried out to verify the correlation between core ingredients and key targets. Cytoscape 3.6.1 was applied to perform protein-protein interactions (PPT) network construction and data visualization.

Results: A total of 82 active ingredients in SHP were screened, and 140 common targets of SHP and nephritis were obtained. Our results demonstrated that TNF, AKT1 and PTGS2 might be the key targets of SHP in the treatment of nephritis. GO enrichment analysis yielded 2163 GO entries (p < 0.05), including 2,014 entries of the biological process (BP) category, 61 entries of the cell composition (CC) category and 143 entries of the molecular function (MF) category. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis produced 186 signaling pathways (p < 0.05), involving the AGE-RAGE, IL-17and TNF signaling pathways. The results of molecular docking showed that three active ingredients in SHP (quercetin, kaempferol and luteolin) could effectively bind to the TNF, AKT1 and PTGS2 targets.

Conclusion: The effective active ingredients in SHP may regulate multiple signaling pathways through multiple targets, thereby exhibiting a therapeutic effect on nephritis.
Preclinical evidence of probiotics in ulcerative colitis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Jin Wenqin , Ai Huangping , Huang Qingqing , Li Chuncai , He Xiang , Jin Zhao , Zuo Yuling
Published: June 2023

The imbalance of gastrointestinal microbial composition has been identified as the main factor of chronic inflammatory diseases. At present, probiotics have a beneficial effect on the microbial composition of the human gastrointestinal tract, but it is still controversial and the specific mechanism is unknown. The purpose of this network meta-analysis is to compare the mechanism of different probiotics on ulcerative colitis. PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched till 16 November 2022. The SYRCLE risk bias assessment tool was used to assess the quality of the research studies. A total of 42 studies, 839 ulcerative colitis models, and 24 kinds of probiotics were finally included. The results showed that L. rhamnosus has the best effect in relieving weight loss and improving the Shannon index in the ulcerative colitis model. E. faecium has the best effect in reducing colon injury; L. reuteri has the best effect in reducing the DAI; L. acidophilus has the best effect in reducing the HIS index and increasing the expression of tight junction protein ZO-1; and L. coryniformis has the best effect in reducing the content of serum pro-inflammatory factor TNF-α. It indicated that probiotics can improve ulcerative colitis by improving histopathological manifestations, reducing inflammatory reaction, and repairing the mucosal barrier, and different probiotics showed different effects. However, considering the limitations of this study, preclinical studies that require more large samples and high-quality and more reliable and rigorous experimental designs and reports need to be conducted in the future.

Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/#record details, identifier CRD42022383383.
Traditional Chinese medicines and natural products targeting immune cells in the treatment of metabolic-related fatty liver disease
Authors: Li Zhen , Ouyang Hao , Zhu Junfeng
Published: June 2023

MAFLD stands for metabolic-related fatty liver disease, which is a prevalent liver disease affecting one-third of adults worldwide, and is strongly associated with obesity, hyperlipidemia, and type 2 diabetes. It encompasses a broad spectrum of conditions ranging from simple liver fat accumulation to advanced stages like chronic inflammation, tissue damage, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma. With limited approved drugs for MAFLD, identifying promising drug targets and developing effective treatment strategies is essential. The liver plays a critical role in regulating human immunity, and enriching innate and adaptive immune cells in the liver can significantly improve the pathological state of MAFLD. In the modern era of drug discovery, there is increasing evidence that traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions, natural products and herb components can effectively treat MAFLD. Our study aims to review the current evidence supporting the potential benefits of such treatments, specifically targeting immune cells that are responsible for the pathogenesis of MAFLD. By providing new insights into the development of traditional drugs for the treatment of MAFLD, our findings may pave the way for more effective and targeted therapeutic approaches.
The gut dysbiosis-cancer axis: illuminating novel insights and implications for clinical practice
Authors: Asseri Amer H. , Bakhsh Tahani , Abuzahrah Samah Sulaiman , Ali Sajad , Rather Irfan A.
Published: June 2023

The human intestinal microbiota, also known as the gut microbiota, comprises more than 100 trillion organisms, mainly bacteria. This number exceeds the host body cells by a factor of ten. The gastrointestinal tract, which houses 60%–80% of the host’s immune cells, is one of the largest immune organs. It maintains systemic immune homeostasis in the face of constant bacterial challenges. The gut microbiota has evolved with the host, and its symbiotic state with the host’s gut epithelium is a testament to this co-evolution. However, certain microbial subpopulations may expand during pathological interventions, disrupting the delicate species-level microbial equilibrium and triggering inflammation and tumorigenesis. This review highlights the impact of gut microbiota dysbiosis on the development and progression of certain types of cancers and discusses the potential for developing new therapeutic strategies against cancer by manipulating the gut microbiota. By interacting with the host microbiota, we may be able to enhance the effectiveness of anticancer therapies and open new avenues for improving patient outcomes.
Comparison of dipole-based and potential-based ECGI methods for premature ventricular contraction beat localization with clinical data
Authors: Dogrusoz Yesim Serinagaoglu , Rasoolzadeh Nika , Ondrusova Beata , Hlivak Peter , Zelinka Jan , Tysler Milan , Svehlikova Jana
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Localization of premature ventricular contraction (PVC) origin to guide the radiofrequency ablation (RFA) procedure is one of the prominent clinical goals of non-invasive electrocardiographic imaging. However, the results reported in the literature vary significantly depending on the source model and the level of complexity in the forward model. This study aims to compare the paced and spontaneous PVC localization performances of dipole-based and potential-based source models and corresponding inverse methods using the same clinical data and to evaluate the effects of torso inhomogeneities on these performances.

Methods: The publicly available EP solution data from the EDGAR data repository (BSPs from a maximum of 240 electrodes) with known pacing locations and the Bratislava data (BSPs in 128 leads) with spontaneous PVCs from patients who underwent successful RFA procedures were used. Homogeneous and inhomogeneous torso models and corresponding forward problem solutions were used to relate sources on the closed epicardial and epicardial–endocardial surfaces. The localization error (LE) between the true and estimated pacing site/PVC origin was evaluated.

Results: For paced data, the median LE values were 25.2 and 13.9 mm for the dipole-based and potential-based models, respectively. These median LE values were higher for the spontaneous PVC data: 30.2–33.0 mm for the dipole-based model and 28.9–39.2 mm for the potential-based model. The assumption of inhomogeneities in the torso model did not change the dipole-based solutions much, but using an inhomogeneous model improved the potential-based solutions on the epicardial–endocardial ventricular surface.

Conclusion: For the specific task of localization of pacing site/PVC origin, the dipole-based source model is more stable and robust than the potential-based source model. The torso inhomogeneities affect the performances of PVC origin localization in each source model differently. Hence, care must be taken in generating patient-specific geometric and forward models depending on the source model representation used in electrocardiographic imaging (ECGI).
Plant–microbe interactions ameliorate phosphate-mediated responses in the rhizosphere: a review
Authors: Abbasi Sakineh
Published: June 2023

Phosphorus (P) is one of the essential minerals for many biochemical and physiological responses in all biota, especially in plants. P deficiency negatively affects plant performance such as root growth and metabolism and plant yield. Mutualistic interactions with the rhizosphere microbiome can assist plants in accessing the available P in soil and its uptake. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of plant–microbe interactions that facilitate P uptake by the plant. We focus on the role of soil biodiversity in improved P uptake by the plant, especially under drought conditions. P-dependent responses are regulated by phosphate starvation response (PSR). PSR not only modulates the plant responses to P deficiency in abiotic stresses but also activates valuable soil microbes which provide accessible P. The drought-tolerant P-solubilizing bacteria are appropriate for P mobilization, which would be an eco-friendly manner to promote plant growth and tolerance, especially in extreme environments. This review summarizes plant–microbe interactions that improve P uptake by the plant and brings important insights into the ways to improve P cycling in arid and semi-arid ecosystems.
The mediating role of perceived social support: alexithymia and parental burnout in parents of children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Lin Yuanting , Wang Yan , Lin Chunhui , Ni Qingnan , Jia Ruolin , Chang Yanling , Qi YuanPing
Published: June 2023

Background

Parental burnout is a concept that reflects the emotional exhaustion and emotional distance of parents from children due to their inability to cope with the pressure of parenting. It has been confirmed that parents of autistic children are at higher risk for parental burnout. Additional research has suggested a relationship between parental burnout and parents’ personality traits. However, the relationship between alexithymia, an independent personality factor, with parental burnout is little to none.

Objective

To look into the connection between parental burnout and alexithymia among parents of autistic children.

Method

Three hundred and one parents were approached for recruitment and data were collected from 203 parents through a cross-sectional survey assessing parental burnout, alexithymia status, and perceived social support. Because the data is not normally distributed, Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient rho(p) was used to assess the correlation between the variables; and then using AMOS to analyze the mediating effects of perceived social support and the moderating effect of gender.

Result

The result showed that (1) There is a negative association between alexithymia with parental burnout (β = 0.6, p < 0.01), while perceive social support was the negative predictor of alexithymia (β = −0.45, p < 0.01) and parental burnout (β = −0.26, p < 0.01); (2) perceive social support partially mediated the relationship between alexithymia and parental burnout of parents of autistic children, which can explain 16.3% of the total effect; (3) Gender plays a moderating role in the first half of the indirect effect of alexithymia on parental burnout, as evidenced by the significant difference in path coefficients between the male and female models (male: β = −0.10, p < 0.05; female: β = −0.60, p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Health professionals and policymakers should be aware of parental burnout among parents of autistic children in China and take early intervention steps. Furthermore, they should recognize the negative impact of alexithymia and the positive impact of social support when developing plans to alleviate parental burnout in children with autism, with a particular focus on mothers with alexithymia, who are more likely to experience low social support and burnout than fathers with alexithymia.
Turning metaphor on its head: a “target-to-source transformation” approach in statistics education
Authors: Tay Dennis
Published: June 2023

Many practical applications of metaphors are based on the idea that they are static TARGET IS SOURCE structures that support unidirectional meaning transfer for various purposes. Examples include healthcare and education where metaphors build cognitive and communicative bridges between the abstract and concrete. However, real-world metaphor use is often more dynamic than static, raising the question of how practical applications could benefit from a more correspondingly dynamic perspective. Drawing upon learning models that view learner output as creative transformations of input, this article introduces a “target-to-source transformation” approach that (i) initially frames concepts unfamiliar to novice learners as metaphorical targets as per received wisdom, but after some time, and (ii) invites learners to transform these targets into source domains for new target domains of their choosing. A pilot implementation is reported in the context of a statistics course, in particular the concept of regression analysis, for humanities students. Examples of transformed metaphors include different aspects of regression as sources for creative targets like “arranging a meeting time for friends,” “finding a life partner,” and “fortune-telling.” Analysis of these examples suggests that the approach creates a sense of pedagogical consistency, allows students to exercise creativity, and gives teachers novel insights into their level of understanding. Points for critical reflection will also be raised for future development of the approach, including the need to consider oft-overlooked metalinguistic attitudes held by laypersons toward metaphors.
The “Let’s Talk about Children” intervention in a Finnish school context: fidelity, parents’ experiences, and perceived benefits
Authors: Allemand Lotta , Niemelä Mika , Merikukka Marko , Salmela-Aro Katariina
Published: June 2023

The Let’s Talk about Children intervention is a tool for parents and professionals to work together to promote children’s positive development, resilience, and psychosocial well-being in social and healthcare services, at school, and in day care. The aim of this study was to evaluate the fidelity, parents’ experiences, and perceived benefits of using the Let’s Talk about Children intervention in a school context. Participants (N = 65 first-grader parents) completed an online questionnaire after the intervention. The results show that the intervention was delivered as designed and conducted with high fidelity. Parents’ experiences of the Let’s Talk about Children discussions were positive, parents felt that the atmosphere was good during the discussion, and the participants reported benefits from the intervention.

Clinical trial registration:ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT05038280.
Eye dominance and minor physical anomalies in schizophrenia: relations between two biological markers of abnormal neurodevelopment
Authors: Akabalieva Katerina
Published: June 2023

Background

To investigate the frequency of left eye dominance and minor physical anomalies (MPAs) in schizophrenia patients and control subjects and determine the interrelations of these two biological markers of neuronal dysontogenesis in schizophrenia.

Subjects and methods

Three tests for eye dominance were administered as performance tasks, not preference questionnaires. Seven MPAs were examined. The sample consisted of 180 (98 schizophrenia patients and 82 control subjects). Several statistical methods for examining the eye tests separately and together were used to assess the difference in left-eyedness between schizophrenia patients and control subjects.

Results

Left eye dominance is significantly higher in schizophrenia subjects. Left-eyed subjects are more stigmatized with MPAs. There is a strong positive correlation between left-eyedness and stigmatization with MPAs in schizophrenia patients.

Conclusion

As hand dominance is under cultural pressure, eye dominance is culturally independent and is useful and reliable indicator of altered hemispheric lateralization. The significant positive correlations between left-eyedness and MPAs and the high concurrence of these biological markers in schizophrenia patients are a potent indicator of underlying aberrant neurodevelopment.
Can daily actigraphic profiles distinguish between different mood states in inpatients with bipolar disorder? An observational study
Authors: Zhang Yinlin , Deng Xinyi , Wang Xueqian , Luo Huirong , Lei Xu , Luo Qinghua
Published: June 2023

Background

Criterion A changes for bipolar disorder (BD) in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders–Fifth Edition yield new difficulties in diagnosis. Actigraphy has been used to capture the activity features of patients with BD. However, it remains unclear whether long-term actigraphic data could distinguish between different mood states in hospitalized patients with BD.

Methods

In this observational study, 30 hospitalized patients with BD were included. Wrist-worn actigraphs were used to monitor motor activity. The patients were divided into bipolar disorder–depression (BD-D), bipolar disorder–mania (BD-M), and bipolar disorder–mixed state (BD-MS) groups. Motor activity differences were estimated using non-parametric analyses between and within the three groups.

Results

The mean 24 h activity level differed between the groups. In the between-group analysis, the intra-individual fluctuation and minute-to-minute variability in the morning and the mean activity level and minute-to-minute variability in the evening significantly differed between the BD-M and BD-MS groups. In the within-group analysis, the BD-M group showed a disrupted rhythm and reduced activity complexity at night. Both the BD-D and BD-MS groups demonstrated significant differences between several parameters obtained in the morning and evening.

Conclusion

The mean activity levels during the relatively long monitoring period and the intra-day variation within the groups could reflect the differences in motor activity. Sustained activity monitoring may clarify the emotional states and provide information for clinical diagnosis.
Diagnosing attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) using artificial intelligence: a clinical study in the UK
Authors: Chen Tianhua , Tachmazidis Ilias , Batsakis Sotiris , Adamou Marios , Papadakis Emmanuel , Antoniou Grigoris
Published: June 2023

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting a large percentage of the adult population. A series of ongoing efforts has led to the development of a hybrid AI algorithm (a combination of a machine learning model and a knowledge-based model) for assisting adult ADHD diagnosis, and its clinical trial currently operating in the largest National Health Service (NHS) for adults with ADHD in the UK. Most recently, more data was made available that has lead to a total collection of 501 anonymized records as of 2022 July. This prompted the ongoing research to carefully examine the model by retraining and optimizing the machine learning algorithm in order to update the model with better generalization capability. Based on the large data collection so far, this paper also pilots a study to examine the effectiveness of variables other than the Diagnostic Interview for ADHD in adults (DIVA) assessment, which adds considerable cost in the screenining process as it relies on specially trained senior clinicians. Results reported in this paper demonstrate that the newly trained machine learning model reaches an accuracy of 75.03% when all features are used; the hybrid model obtains an accuracy of 93.61%. Exceeding what clinical experts expected in the absence of DIVA, achieving an accuracy of 65.27% using a rule-based machine learning model alone encourages the development of a cost effective model in the future.
Transcriptomics and magnetic resonance imaging in major psychiatric disorders
Authors: Fan Jing-Wen , Gu Yue-Wen , Wang Dong-Bao , Liu Xiao-Fan , Zhao Shu-Wan , Li Xiao , Li Baojuan , Yin Hong , Wu Wen-Jun , Cui Long-Biao
Published: June 2023

Major psychiatric disorders create a significant public health burden, and mental disorders such as major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia are major contributors to the national disease burden. The search for biomarkers has been a leading endeavor in the field of biological psychiatry in recent decades. And the application of cross-scale and multi-omics approaches combining genes and imaging in major psychiatric studies has facilitated the elucidation of gene-related pathogenesis and the exploration of potential biomarkers. In this article, we summarize the results of using combined transcriptomics and magnetic resonance imaging to understand structural and functional brain changes associated with major psychiatric disorders in the last decade, demonstrating the neurobiological mechanisms of genetically related structural and functional brain alterations in multiple directions, and providing new avenues for the development of quantifiable objective biomarkers, as well as clinical diagnostic and prognostic indicators.
Global and regional estimates of clinical and economic burden of low back pain in high-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Fatoye Francis , Gebrye Tadesse , Ryan Cormac G. , Useh Ushotanefe , Mbada Chidozie
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Low back pain (LBP) is a common health problem, and the leading cause of activity limitation and work absence among people of all ages and socioeconomic strata. This study aimed to analyse the clinical and economic burden of LBP in high income countries (HICs) via systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods

A literature search was carried out on PubMed, Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO, AMED, and Scopus databases was from inception to March 15th, 2023. Studies that assessed the clinical and economic burden of LBP in HICs and published in English language were reviewed. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale (NOS) for cohort studies. Two reviewers, using a predefined data extraction form, independently extracted data. Meta-analyses were conducted for clinical and economic outcomes.

Results

The search identified 4,081 potentially relevant articles. Twenty-one studies that met the eligibility criteria were included and reviewed in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The included studies were from the regions of America (n = 5); Europe (n = 12), and the Western Pacific (n = 4). The average annual direct and indirect costs estimate per population for LBP ranged from € 2.3 billion to € 2.6 billion; and € 0.24 billion to $8.15 billion, respectively. In the random effects meta-analysis, the pooled annual rate of hospitalization for LBP was 3.2% (95% confidence interval 0.6%–5.7%). The pooled direct costs and total costs of LBP per patients were USD 9,231 (95% confidence interval −7,126.71–25,588.9) and USD 10,143.1 (95% confidence interval 6,083.59–14,202.6), respectively.

Discussion

Low back pain led to high clinical and economic burden in HICs that varied significantly across the geographical contexts. The results of our analysis can be used by clinicians, and policymakers to better allocate resources for prevention and management strategies for LBP to improve health outcomes and reduce the substantial burden associated with the condition.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/#recordDetails?, PROSPERO [CRD42020196335].
Age-period-cohort analysis of pancreatitis epidemiological trends from 1990 to 2019 and forecasts for 2044: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Authors: Jiang Wenkai , Du Yan , Xiang Caifei , Li Xin , Zhou Wence
Published: June 2023

Objective

Pancreatitis poses a serious medical problem worldwide. This study aims to explore the epidemiological trends of pancreatitis from 1990 to 2019, analyze the association between disease burden and age, period and birth cohort, and subsequently present a forecast of pancreatitis incidence and deaths.

Methods

Epidemiologic data were gathered from the Global Health Data Exchange query tool. Joinpoint regression model was used to calculate the average annual percentage changes (AAPCs). Age-period-cohort analysis was utilized to estimate the independent effects of age, period and birth cohort. We also predicted the global epidemiological trends to 2044.

Results

Globally, the incident cases and deaths of pancreatitis increased 1.63-and 1.65-fold from 1990 to 2019, respectively. Joinpoint regression analysis showed that the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and age-standardized death rate (ASDR) decreased over the past three decades. The age effect indicates that older people have higher age-specific incidence and death rates. The period effect on incidence and deaths showed downward trends from 1990 to 2019. The cohort effect demonstrated that incidence and death risk peaked in the earlier birth cohort and were lower in the latest birth cohort. Incident cases and deaths of pancreatitis may significantly increase in the next 25 years. The ASIRs were predicted to slightly increase, while the ASDRs were predicted to decrease.

Conclusion

Epidemiologic patterns and trends of pancreatitis across age, period and birth cohort may provide novel insight into public health. Limitations of alcohol use and prevention strategies for pancreatitis are necessary to reduce future burden.
Strengthening pathogen genomic surveillance for health emergencies: insights from the World Health Organization’s regional initiatives
Authors: Akande Oluwatosin Wuraola , Carter Lisa L. , Abubakar Abdinasir , Achilla Rachel , Barakat Amal , Gumede Nicksy , Guseinova Alina , Inbanathan Francis Yesurajan , Kato Masaya , Koua Etien , Leite Juliana , Marklewitz Marco , Mendez-Rico Jairo , Monamele Chavely , Musul Biran , Nahapetyan Karen , Naidoo Dhamari , Ochola Rachel , Ozel Mehmet , Raftery Philomena , Vicari Andrea , Wijesinghe Pushpa Ranjan , Zwetyenga Joanna , Safreed-Harmon Kelly , Barnadas Céline , Mulders Mick , Pereyaslov Dmitriy I. , Sacks Jilian A. , Warren Taylor , Cognat Sébastien , Briand Sylvie , Samaan Gina
Published: June 2023

The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic triggered a rapid scale-up in the use of genomic surveillance as a pandemic preparedness and response tool. As a result, the number of countries with in-country SARS-CoV-2 genomic sequencing capability increased by 40% from February 2021 to July 2022. The Global Genomic Surveillance Strategy for Pathogens with Pandemic and Epidemic Potential 2022–2032 was launched by the World Health Organization (WHO) in March 2022 to bring greater coherence to ongoing work to strengthen genomic surveillance. This paper describes how WHO’s tailored regional approaches contribute to expanding and further institutionalizing the use of genomic surveillance to guide pandemic preparedness and response measures as part of a harmonized global undertaking. Challenges to achieving this vision include difficulties obtaining sequencing equipment and supplies, shortages of skilled staff, and obstacles to maximizing the utility of genomic data to inform risk assessment and public health action. WHO is helping to overcome these challenges in collaboration with partners. Through its global headquarters, six regional offices, and 153 country offices, WHO is providing support for country-driven efforts to strengthen genomic surveillance in its 194 Member States, with activities reflecting regional specificities. WHO’s regional offices serve as platforms for those countries in their respective regions to share resources and knowledge, engage stakeholders in ways that reflect national and regional priorities, and develop regionally aligned approaches to implementing and sustaining genomic surveillance within public health systems.
Evaluation of the health risk using multi-pollutant air quality health index: case study in Tianjin, China
Authors: Wang Yu , Dan Mo , Dou Yan , Guo Ling , Xu Zhizhen , Ding Ding , Shu Mushui
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Air pollution imposes a significant burden on public health. Compared with the popular air quality index (AQI), the air quality health index (AQHI) provides a more comprehensive approach to measuring mixtures of air pollutants and is suitable for overall assessments of the short-term health effects of such mixtures.

Methods

We established an AQHI and cumulative risk index (CRI)-AQHI for Tianjin using single–and multi-pollutant models, respectively, as well as environmental, meteorological, and daily mortality data of residents in Tianjin between 2018 and 2020.

Results and discussion

Compared with the AQI, the AQHI and CRI-AQHI established herein correlated more closely with the exposure-response relationships of the total mortality effects on residents. For each increase in the interquartile range of the AQHI, CRI-AQHI and AQI, the total daily mortality rates increased by 2.06, 1.69 and 0.62%, respectively. The AQHI and CRI-AQHI predicted daily mortality rate of residents more effectively than the AQI, and the correlations of AQHI and CRI-AQHI with health were similar. Our AQHI of Tianjin was used to establish specific (S)-AQHIs for different disease groups. The results showed that all measured air pollutants had the greatest impact on the health of persons with chronic respiratory diseases, followed by lung cancer, and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The AQHI of Tianjin established in this study was accurate and dependable for assessing short-term health risks of air pollution in Tianjin, and the established S-AQHI can be used to separately assess health risks among different disease groups.
Microstructural engineering through high enthalpy states: implications for far-from-equilibrium processing of structural alloys
Authors: Mishra Rajiv S. , Gupta Sanya
Published: June 2023

Metallic materials derive their strength and ductility from their microstructural features. The general principle of alloying is not only to control the phases present in the alloys, but also how the alloying elements can help in microstructural control during the processing of materials. The overall thermodynamic framework of using free energy to explain the stability of an alloy has two significant terms, enthalpy, and entropy. Engineering alloys are processed by several far-from-equilibrium processes. During the processing, the materials are in metastable states. The metastability can also be purposely enhanced through alloy design. This paper provides a perspective on how “high enthalpy states” can be used to tailor the microstructure to overcome the conventional strength-ductility tradeoff. The emergence of new manufacturing processes also provides unique opportunities to design alloys to maximize the potential of such processes. A few illustrative examples are presented to tie the historical use of high enthalpy states and point to future opportunities. Co-development of advanced materials for disruptive new manufacturing processes can be enhanced through integrated computational materials engineering approaches.
Design and Kinematic Characteristic Analysis of a Spiral Robot for Oil and Gas Pipeline Inspections
Authors: Yan Hongwei , Zhao Pengyang , Xiao Canjun , Zhang Dengxiao , Jiao Shaoni , Pan Haibing , Wu Xi
Published: June 2023

This study presents a spiral pipeline robot designed for detecting and preventing oil and gas pipeline leakages. A comprehensive analysis of factors such as spiral angle, normal force, pipe material, and operating attitude is conducted based on the robot’s mechanical model in a straight pipe. This in-depth investigation determines the optimal spiral angle, normal force, pipeline material, and operating attitude to enhance the robot’s motion stability and traction performance. Using virtual prototype technology, the robot’s traction performance is simulated under various working conditions, normal forces, and attitude angles within the pipeline. An experimental platform is established to verify the impact of deflection angle, normal force, and pipeline material on traction performance. The experimental results and simulation analysis mutually validate each other, providing a reliable reference for robot design and optimization. The spiral pipeline robot and its motion strategy proposed in this study possess both theoretical value and practical application prospects in the field of oil and gas pipeline inspection and maintenance.
Numerical Investigation on the Effect of Height-to-Radius Ratio on Flow Separation Features in S-Shaped Diffuser with Boundary Layer Ingestion
Authors: Li Zhiping , Lu Yujiang , Pan Tianyu , Zhang Yafei
Published: June 2023

The flow separation occurring in the S-shaped diffuser with boundary layer ingestion (BLI) has a significant effect on the performance of the embedded engine. Previous studies have found that the area ratio (AR) as well as the length-to-offset ratio (LOR) of the S-shaped diffuser are the key contributing factors that affect the flow separation features. Based on the flow phenomena observed in previous studies of an S-shaped diffuser with 100% BLI, a hypothesis that the parameter height-to-radius ratio (HRR) may also have significant effect on the flow separation features in the S-shaped diffuser is proposed. The purpose of this paper is to verify this hypothesis and to further investigate the effect of HRR on the flow separation features in the S-shaped diffuser with BLI using numerical methods. First, the hypothesis that HRR has an effect on the flow separation features in the S-shaped diffuser is verified under uniform inlet condition. Second, the effect of HRR on the flow separation features is investigated under different relative heights of inlet BLI. It is found that the flow separation features in the S-shaped diffuser are very sensitive to the change in HRR but not to the change in relative height of inlet BLI. Finally, for the fixed boundary layer height generated from the airframe, the S-shaped diffuser with a smaller design HRR can significantly suppress the flow separation and thus achieve a higher total pressure recovery and a lower distortion coefficient. The results provide improved understandings of the factor affecting the flow separation features in the S-shaped diffuser, and are useful for improving the aerodynamic performance of the embedded engine with BLI.
Numerical and Experimental Investigation on Nosebleed Air Jet Control for Hypersonic Vehicle
Authors: Zhang Lin , Yang Junli , Duan Tiecheng , Wang Jie , Li Xiuyi , Zhang Kunyuan
Published: June 2023

A new idea of nosebleed air jets with strong coupled internal and external flow is put forward using the lateral jet control principle to improve the maneuverability and fast reaction capabilities of hypersonic vehicles. The hypersonic vehicle’s nose stagnant high-pressure and high-temperature gas is utilized as the drive source for long-term jet control. The significant coupled jet interaction of the internal and external flow changes the aerodynamic characteristics. As a result, the structure is basic and does not rely on any external source to achieve flight attitude control. The complicated flow characteristics of the nosebleed jet in supersonic crossflow surrounding the vehicle were numerically and experimentally investigated. The jet interaction characteristics and the aerodynamic characteristic changes generated by the nosebleed air jet are verified by comparing the flow field with and without the jet. Results indicate that the nosebleed air jet alters the center-of-pressure coefficient, which is subsequently coupled with the interference aerodynamic force. This results in a variation in pitch moment. The jet decreases the pitching moment coefficient when compared with the case without a jet. It is probable that combining nosebleed air jets with model centroid adjustment yields an optimal trim angle of attack.
Identifying the Best Strategies for Improving and Developing Sustainable Rain-Fed Agriculture: An Integrated SWOT-BWM-WASPAS Approach
Authors: Firoozzare Ali , Saghaian Sayed , Bahraseman Sasan Esfandiari , Dehghani Dashtabi Maryam
Published: June 2023

The practice of rain-fed agriculture plays a vital role in both the economy and food security, yet it is subject to various challenges such as climate change and institutional barriers. This study employs the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) analyses, Best-Worst Method (BWM), and Weighted Aggregated Sum Product Assessment (WASPAS) integrated approach to identify the most effective strategies for improving and developing sustainable rain-fed agriculture in Mashhad, Iran. The SWOT analysis identifies the essential sub-factors for improving and developing sustainable rain-fed agriculture. Then, the BWM method is utilized to assign weights to each sub-factor. Finally, the WASPAS method is used to rank the 19 strategies that can help achieve sustainable rain-fed agriculture. The findings of this study reveal that the strategy of establishing an institutional framework to promote sustainable rain-fed agriculture (WT7) has received the highest score. On the other hand, strategies related to supporting policies at the farm level (ST2, WO3, WT2, WT1) were placed in the middle and final priorities. Thus, it is recommended that in the current context of rain-fed agriculture in Mashhad, policymakers prioritize institutional policies related to rain-fed agriculture over farm-level policies. This study proposes a comprehensive and systematic approach to enhance and promote sustainable rain-fed agriculture.
Cavitation Reactor for Pretreatment of Liquid Agricultural Waste
Authors: Abdrashitov Alexey , Gavrilov Alexander , Marfin Evgeny , Panchenko Vladimir , Kovalev Andrey , Bolshev Vadim , Karaeva Julia
Published: June 2023

One of the most well-known methods of intensifying the process of anaerobic digestion is the pretreatment of raw materials. For the first time, the use of a jet-driven Helmholtz oscillator for biomass pretreatment is proposed. The design of the device is optimal for creating hydraulic cavitation; however, in this case, acoustic oscillations are generated in the system and resonance occurs. In this study, the optimal design of this device was determined for the subsequent design of a cavitation reactor. The diameter of the resonant chamber was varied in the range from 28.3 to 47.5 mm, and its length from 6 to 14 mm; in addition, the diameter of the outlet was changed from 6.1 to 6.3 mm. Based on the experimental data obtained, it was found that the optimal ratio of the length of the resonator chamber to the diameter of the inlet nozzle is 1.73, and the inner diameter of the resonator chamber to the diameter of the inlet nozzle corresponds to 5.5. Improving the technology of agricultural waste disposal will ensure their maximum involvement in economic circulation, reduce the consumption of traditional fuel and energy resources, and improve the technological and machine-building base, which makes it possible to produce competitive cavitation reactors.
Gold Nanoparticles: A Didactic Step-by-Step of the Synthesis Using the Turkevich Method, Mechanisms, and Characterizations
Authors: Oliveira Ana Elisa F. , Pereira Arnaldo César , Resende Mayra A. C. , Ferreira Lucas Franco
Published: June 2023

In this study, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were synthesized using the Turkevich method. This article explains the didactic step-by-step synthesis, showing pictures of the entire process, including a well-explained mechanism and characterization study. Synthesis involves the reduction of NaAuCl4 using sodium citrate at high temperatures (approximately 90 °C). The two main mechanisms used to explain AuNPs synthesis via the Turkevich method are also discussed. The first mechanism considers that a nanowire intermediary and the other proposes that aggregate intermediates are not formed at any time during the synthesis. The materials (NaAuCl4 and AuNPs) were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The UV-Vis spectrum exhibits an absorption maximum at 521 nm because of the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) absorption band of the AuNPs. The SEM images of NaAuCl4 show crystals with cubic shapes, while the AuNPs have an average particle size of approximately 16–25 nm and particles that appear mainly spherical. To confirm the particle shapes, AFM was conducted, and it was possible to clearly observe individual spherical nanoparticles and their aggregates, and the average diameter of these AuNPs was approximately 12–19 nm. The XRD pattern of AuNPs showed four main characteristic peaks corresponding to the (111), (200), (220), and (311) planes, confirming the presence of cubic (FCC) gold. The DLS presented an average particle size of 3.3 ± 0.9 nm and a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.574. AuNPs were synthesized using a simple and rapid method. The resulting spherical and ultra-small particles can be used in several applications.
Contemporary Knowledge on the Assessment of Temperament in Cattle and Its Impact on Production and Reproduction Including Some Immunological, Genetic and Metabolic Parameters
Authors: Jaśkowski Jędrzej M. , Jaśkowski Bartłomiej M. , Herudzińska Magdalena , Tul Oleksandra , Ciorga Marcin
Published: June 2023

Temperament is associated with the well-being, health, production and reproduction of cattle. In order to increase the population of individuals with the desired temperament, its evaluation should be standardized and be made one of the obligatory elements of breeding and veterinary examination. A number of different tests are used for temperament assessment. In this article, the importance of temperament correlation with some metabolic, genetic, immunological, production and reproductive parameters have been shown, pointing at its influence on the economy and cattle handling. The most common methods for assessing the temperament of cattle are presented, including long-time scales of temperament assessment. At the same time, the relationship of the temperament of cattle with production efficiency, immunity and reproductive indicators has been shown, indicating that its correct assessment is an important aspect of the proper development of the herd and the associated economic growth.