bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Imbalance of Laminar-specific Excitatory and Inhibitory Circuits of the Orbito frontal Cortex in Autism
Authors: Liu Xuefeng , Bautista Julied , Liu Edward , Zikopoulos Basilis
Published: May 2020

Background:The human orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is involved in assessing the emotional significance of events and stimuli, emotion-based learning, allocation of attentional resources, and social cognition. Little is known about the structure, connectivity and excitatory/inhibitory circuit interactions underlying these diverse functions in human OFC, as well as how the circuit is disrupted in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Methods: We used post-mortem brain tissue from neurotypical adults and individuals with ASD. We examined the morphology and distribution of myelinated axons across cortical layers in OFC, at the single axon level, as a proxy of excitatory pathways. In the same regions, we also examined the laminar distribution of all neurons and neurochemically- and functionally-distinct inhibitory neurons that express the calcium-binding proteins parvalbumin (PV), calbindin (CB), and calretinin (CR). Results:We found that the density of myelinated axons increased consistently towards layer 6, while the average axon diameter did not change significantly across layers in both groups. However, both the density and diameter of myelinated axons were significantlylower in the ASD group compared with the Control group. The distribution pattern and density of the three major types of inhibitory neurons was comparable between groups, but there was a significant reduction in the density of excitatory neurons across OFC layers in ASD. Limitations: This study is limited by the availability of human post-mortem tissueoptimally processed for high-resolution microscopy and immunolabeling, especially from individuals with ASD. Conclusions:The balance between excitation and inhibition in OFC is at the core of its function, assessing and integrating emotional and social cues with internal states and external inputs. Our preliminary results provide evidence for laminar-specific changes in the ratio of excitation/inhibition in OFC of adults with ASD, with an overall weakening and likely disorganization of excitatory signals and a relative strengthening of local inhibition. These changes likely underlie pathology of majorOFC communications with limbic or other cortices and the amygdala in individuals with ASD, and may provide the anatomic basis for disrupted transmission of signals for social interactions and emotions in autism.
Socioeconomic status inequity in inpatient service utilization based on need among migrants: Evidence from a national study in China
Authors: Wang Yi , Jing Zhengyue , Ding Lulu , Tang Xue , Feng Yuejing , Li Jie , Chen Zhuo , Zhou Chengchao
Published: May 2020

Background: Equity in access to healthcare is a major health policy challenge in many low- and middle- income countries. However, millions of people, especially migrants, do not have the adequate access to health care they need. This study aims to identify the socioeconomic status (SES) inequities in inpatient service utilization based on need among migrants by using a nationally representative study in China.Methods: The data used in this study was derived from the 2014 National Internal Migrant Population Dynamic Monitoring Survey collected by the National Health Commission of China. We used logistic regression method and Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition and calculated the concentration index to measure inequities of SES in inpatient service utilization based on need. Sample weights provided in the survey were applied in all the analysis to represent the China population.Results: The total number of the migrants who needed inpatient service told by doctors was 7592, of which, 1667 (21.96%) did not use the inpatient services (unmet inpatient service need). Results showed that inpatient service utilization concentrated among high-SES migrants (Concentration Index: 0.041, p <0.001) and the decomposition results suggested that about 53.76% of the total SES gap in inpatient service utilization could be attributed to the gradient effect. After adjusting for other confounding variables, the odds ratios of inpatient service utilization by internal migrants with high SES according to educational attainment, economic status, and employment status were 1.41 (95% CI 1.08-1.85, p =0.012), 1.25 (95% CI 1.01-1.56, p =0.046), and 1.62 (95% CI 1.12-2.36, p =0.011), respectively.Conclusion: This study observed an inequity in inpatient service utilization where the utilization concentrates among high SES migrants. This suggests that future policies should make the reimbursement more pro-poor among migrants in primary care and use more effective policies targeting the migrants with low educational attainment and unemployed, such as health education activities.
The efficacy and safety of compound glycyrrhizin combined with desloratadine in the treatment of chronic urticaria: protocol for a systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Wang Qiuyue , Hu Xingxin , Li Mao , Luo Qian , Hao Pingsheng
Published: May 2020

Background: Chronic urticaria (CU) is a common skin disease characterized by a short-term (<24 hours) spontaneous skin rash (urticaria) with or without angioedema that lasts longer than 6 weeks. CU is not life-threatening but has been shown to have a significant impact on the physical and mental health of patients. Because of chronic itching or physical discomfort in patients with CU, symptoms such as the repeated occurrence of red, swollen, itchy, anxiety, insomnia, and psychological stress are prone to occur. Whereas, there is no related systematic review and meta-analysis. Thus, this systematic review protocol aims to describe a systematic review and meta-analysis to testify the efficacy and safety of compound glycyrrhizin (CG) combined with desloratadine in the treatment of CU.Methods: Our systematic review will search all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for CG combined with desloratadine in the treatment of CU, electronically and manually, regardless of publication status and language, until January 14, 2020. Databases include PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (CENTRAL), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), Chinese Science Journal Database (VIP Database) and Wanfang database. Other sources, including reference lists of identified publications and meeting minutes, will also be searched. Manually search for grey literature, including unpublished conference articles. The main outcomes contain the total effective rate, the urticaria activity score (UAS), Itching score, the chronic urticaria quality of life questionnaire (CU-Q2oL), or other validated symptom scores and the effective rate and adverse events from baseline to the end of studies. This study will provide a comprehensive review of the available evidence for the treatment of CU with this therapy. We will assess the risk of bias with the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool, narratively synthesize the extracted data and conduct a meta-analysis of studies with similar characteristics. Two independent raters will screen articles and assess the risk of bias.Discussion: This study will provide a high-quality synthesis of the effects of compound glycyrrhizin (CG) combined with desloratadine in the treatment of CU. We hope that this review will give more convincing proof to assist clinicians during the decision-making process when dealing with CU.Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42020165478
The analysis of Upper tract Urinary Stone Composition in HIV-positive Patients: a single center experience
Authors: Menghua Wu , Xin Zheng , Bohan Fan , Yu Zhang , Jimao Zhao
Published: May 2020

Background: To appraise the most common stone composition, serum and urinary biochemical features in HIV-positive patients with urolithiasis.Methods: We retrospectively searched the records of HIV-positive patients in our stone registry. A retrospective study was generated from our registry. Collecting statistics about fundamental indexes and analyzing them is our basic procedure. Medications were considered. Groups were compared using the Student t and chi-square/Fisher exact tests with significance considered at p<0.05.Results: In total of 101 patients were included age, gender, Body Mass Index(BMI), serum calcium, serum uric acid(UA), stone position, and operative method were statistically described. The serum UA of HIV-positive group was higher than that of the negative group (P = 0.028). Patients with HIV-infected had a higher incidence of calcium oxalate dehydrate (CaODH) (p<0.001). The evaluation of overall stone composition showed that the number of CaODH was higher in HIV-positive group (21.4% vs 8.5%, p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in single calcium oxalate monohydrate(CaOMH) (p = 0.146), and UA (p = 0.7) between the two groups.Conclusions: In our study the highest stone proportion in HIV patients is calcium oxalate (CaO). HIV positive patients should pay attention to the diet, especially the food containing more calcium. In HIV-positive patients, the level of serum UA should be controlled accordingly. In the development of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HARRT), for low-risk patients, it may not be necessary to consider too much the factors of protease inhibitors (PIs) and other drugs forming urinary calculus.
Development and Validation of a Novel Glycolysis-Related Risk Signature for Predicting Survival in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Li Ang , Hou Sinan , Chen Jian , Hou Huimin , Jiang Yanfang
Published: May 2020

Background
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) is one of the leading causes of cancer death worldwide. Through data mining, an increasing number of biomarkers have been identified for predicting survival of PAAD. However, the ability of single gene biomarkers to predict patient survival is still insufficient. This study aimed to develop a novel risk signature for predicting survival of PAAD.
Methods
mRNA expression profiling was performed in a large PAAD cohort (N = 177) from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was analyzed to detect whether the gene sets showed statistically differences between PAAD and adjacent normal tissues. Univariate Cox regression analysis was used to analyze and identify genes related to overall survival (OS), then subjected to multivariable Cox regression to further confirm the prognostic genes and obtain the coefficients. The expression level of selected genes weighted by their coefficients through linearly combining, we constructed a risk score formula for prognostic prediction. The three-mRNA signature for survival prediction is validated by Kaplan–Meier curve analysis.
Results
We demonstrated that a set of three genes (KIF20A, CHST2, and MET) were significantly associated with OS. Based on this three-gene signature, 177 PAAD patients were classified into high-risk groups and low-risk groups using the median risk score as cut off value. Additionally, multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that the three-gene signature had independent prognostic value.
Conclusions
To our best knowledge, we first develop a glycolysis-related risk signature for predicting survival of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. The findings provide insight into identification of patients with poor prognosis in PAAD and improve novel therapy targets for this disease.
Matched Analysis of Postoperative Pancreatic Fistula Using Fistula Risk Score According to Pancreaticoenterostomy Methods
Authors: Lee Seungmin , Paik Kwang Yeol , Oh Ji Seon , Kim Eung Kook
Published: May 2020

Background

To examine whether pancreaticogastrostomy (PG) or pancreaticojejunostomy (PJ) is the better reconstructive method to reduce Postoperative Pancreatic Fistula (POPF), after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) according to the fistula risk.

Methods

An institutional database was reviewed for patients undergoing PD between January 2008 and August 2019. 159 patients were stratified into four groups according to the Clinical Risk Score-Pancreatic Fistula (CRS-PF). POPF according to 4 risk groups was compared between PJ and PG.

Results

Of the 159 patients, 82 underwent PG (51.6%) and 77 underwent PJ (48.4%) reconstruction. POPF rate was 15.1% and 17.1% (n=14) in the PG group and 12.9% (n=10) in the PJ group (P =0.51). POPF rates were not different in intermediate, low and negligible risks between two reconstructive methods. In High risk group (n=47), there was 4 (22.2%) POPF in PJ group and 9 (31.0%) in PG group, respectively (p=0.74).

Conclusions

In PD, there was no superior method of reconstruction with regards of POPF, even in high risk glands.
D-mannose ameliorates autoimmune phenotypes in mouse models of lupus
Authors: Wang Haiting , Teng Xiangyu , Abboud Georges , Li Wei , Ye Shuang , Morel Laurence
Published: May 2020

Background
Systemic lupus erythematosus is a disorder of immune regulation characterized by overproduction of autoantibodies. D-mannose is a C-2 epimer of glucose that exhibits immunoregulatory effects in models of autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes, induced rheumatoid arthritis, and airway inflammation. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of D-mannose treatment in mouse models of lupus.
Methods
The effect of D-Mannose was evaluated by flow cytometry on the in vitro activation of C57BL/6 (B6) murine bone marrow derived dendritic cells and their ability to induce antigen specific CD4+ T cell proliferation and activation. The effect of D-mannose administration in vivo on the frequency of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in B6 mice was assessed by flow cytometry. D-mannose was administered to two models of lupus: the chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) induced model and the B6.lpr spontaneous model. Autoantibody production was measured by ELISA and immune activation by flow cytometry. Results were compared by two-tailed statistics: unpaired or paired t tests, or Mann-Whitney U tests depending on whether the data was normally distributed.
Results
D-mannose inhibited the maturation of bone marrow dendritic cells and their induction of antigen-specific T cell proliferation and activation in vitro. In vivo, D-mannose increased the frequency of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in unmanipulated control mice. In the cGVHD model of induced lupus, D-mannose treatment decreased autoantibody production, with a concomitant reduction of the frequency of effector memory and follicular helper T cells as well as germinal center B cells and plasma cells. These results were partially validated in the B6.lpr model of spontaneous lupus.
Conclusion
Overall, our results suggest that D-mannose ameliorates autoimmune activation in models of lupus, at least partially due to its expansion of Treg cells, the induction of immature conventional dendritic cells and the downregulation of effector T cells activation. D-Mannose showed however a weaker immunomodulatory effect in lupus than in other autoimmune diseases.
Clinical Significance of CRP and IL-6 Levels During the Perioperative Period of Hip Arthroplasty for Aged Patients with Femoral Neck Fractures
Authors: Zhao Fulong , Guo Lijuan , wang xuefei , Zhang Yakui
Published: May 2020

Background Aged patients with femoral neck fractures underwent hip arthroplasty become prone to infection. And serum CRP and IL-6 might be sensitive indicators of inflammation. The aim of the study is to analyze and explore the clinical significance of changes in C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels during the perioperative period in older patients that underwent hip arthroplasty for femoral neck fractures.Methods This retrospective study analyzed data for 82 patients that underwent hip arthroplasty for femoral neck fractures from June 2018 to June 2019in our hospital. Of these, 39 patients underwent hemiarthroplasty (HA) and 43 underwent total hip arthroplasty (THA). CRP and IL-6 were measured before the operation (baseline) and on the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 7th day after hip arthroplasty. Comparisons between groups were performed with the t test and χ2 test.Results Post-operative serum CRP and IL-6levels showed a trend of first increasing, then decreasing, but all levels were higher than baseline. The serum CRP level peaked on the third post-operative day, and IL-6 peaked on the first post-operative day. We found no significant difference in CRP or IL-6 levels between patients that received HAs and patients that received THAs.Conclusion We showed a trend in CRP and IL-6 changes during the perioperative period. These findings suggested that CRP and IL-6 might be involved in the early inflammatory response. Thus, both CRP and IL-6 levels might be useful for evaluating the postoperative inflammatory response in older patients with femoral neck fractures that undergo hip arthroplasty.
Histone demethylase JMJD3 disrupts spectrin-dependent cytoskeleton in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma cells by regulating H exokinase domain containing 1 expression
Authors: Xiao Zhangang , Shen Jing , Zhao Qijie , Xiang Shixin , Zhu Yinxin , Xiao Mingtao , Li Chi Han , Cho Chi Hin , Tong Joanna Hung-Man , To Ka-Fai , Chen Yangchao
Published: May 2020

Background: JMJD3 is a jmjd domain containing histone demethylase which can remove methyl groups from lysine 27 of histone 3 (H3K27) to active histone methylated genes. Previous studies have demonstrated that JMJD3 played a crucial role in inflammation. Methods: Our study showed that JMJD3 was significantly down-regulated in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cell lines and tissues. Restored expression of JMJD3 inhibited oncogenic phenotypes of PDAC cells, including cell proliferation, cell migration, and in vivo tumorigenicity, indicating a tumor suppressive role. Gene-expression microarray revealed that Hexokinase domain containing 1 (HKDC1) was one of the JMJD3 downstream targets. Results: The expression of JMJD3 and HKDC1 in PDAC tissues was positively correlated. High H3K27 tri-methylation (H3K27me3) status in HKDC1 gene was attenuated by ectopic expression of JMJD3 in PDAC cells, suggested that JMJD3 regulated HKDC1 expression by histone demethylation activity. The tumor suppressive role of HKDC1 in PDAC was also proved. Moreover, HKDC1 was demonstrated to competitively bind to spectrin beta Ⅱ to induce cytoskeleton disruption, which may contribute to tumor suppression. Conclusion: Taken together, our study indicates that JMJD3 may disrupt spectrin-dependent cytoskeleton via activation of HKDC1 to suppress PDAC.
Possibility of Live Birth For Patients With Low Serum β-hCG 14 Days After Blastocyst Transfer
Authors: Wu Yixuan , Liu Haiying
Published: May 2020

Background: Although many previous study investigated the prediction of pregnancy outcomes by serumβ-hCG levels after blastocyst transfer, no study focused on the pregnancy outcomes of patients with initially low serum β-hCG levels. The purpose of the study was to investigate the pregnancy outcomes of patients with low serum β- level 14 days after blastocyst transfer. Methods: A retrospective study was performed in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University. The purpose was to investigate the patients whose serum β-hCG levels were between 5-299 mIU/ml 14 days after frozen blastocyst transfer. Rates of live birth, early miscarriage, biochemical pregnancy loss and ectopic pregnancy were analyzed according to the female patients’ age by chi-squared test. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to explore the threshold for prediction of clinical pregnancy and live birth. Results: A total of 312 patients had serum β-hCG levels <300 mIU/ml 14 days after frozen blastocyst transfer, among which 18.6% were live birth, 47.4% were early miscarriage, 22.8% were biochemical pregnancy and 9.6% were ectopic pregnancy. Pregnancy outcomes were comparable between the patients aged <38 years and ≥38 years. ROC curve analysis showed that the predicted value ofβ-hCG for clinical pregnancy was 58.8 mIU/ml with the AUC of 0.752(95%CI :0.680-0.823), sensitivity of 95.0% and specificity of 53.5%.The threshold for live birth was 108.6mIU/ml with the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.649(95%CI:0.0.583-0.715), sensitivity of 93.1% and specificity of 37.0%.For the β-hCG fold increase over 48 hours, the cut-off for clinical pregnancy was 1.4 with the AUC of 0.899(95%CI :0.801-0.996), sensitivity of 90.3% and specificity of 77.8%; the threshold for live birth was 1.9 with the AUC of 0.808(95%CI :0.724-0.891), sensitivity of 88.5% and specificity of 64.5%. Conclusions: Initially low serum β-hCG level 14 days after frozen blastocyst transfer indicated minimal likelihood of live birth. For patients having initial β-hCG >58.8 mIU/ml, luteal phase support is suggested to continue. Another serum β-hCG test and ultrasound should be performed one week later. If the initial serum β-hCG is < 58.8 mIU/ml, luteal phase support is suggested to discontinue and measurement of serum β-hCG and ultrasound can be arranged one week later.
Prevalence of Tissue BRCA Gene Mutation in Ovarian, Fallopian Tube and Primary Peritoneal Cancer: Thai Multi-institutional Study
Authors: Lertkhachonsuk Arb-aroon , Suprasert Prapaporn , Manchana Tarinee , Kittisiam Thannaporn , Kantathavorn Nuttavut , Chansoon Tharintorn , Khunamornpong Surapan , Pohthipornthawat Natkrita , Tangjitgamol Siriwan , Luasiripanthu Taksa , Teerapakpinyo Chinachote , Shuangshoti Shanop , Iemwimangsa Nareenart , Chantratita Wasun
Published: May 2020

Background:Ovarian, fallopian tube or primary peritoneal cancer patientswithBRCA gene mutation have enhanced sensitivity to platinum-based regimens and PARP inhibitors. However, the knowledgeregardingBRCA mutation in Thai patients are limited. This study is to identify the prevalence and characteristics of somatic and germline BRCA1&2mutations in Thai patients with these cancers.Methods::The paraffin blocks of tumorsthat had histology of high grade serous or high grade endometrioid, or clear cell carcinomawhich obtained between June 2016 and December 2017 were processed to evaluate BRCA mutation using next-generation sequencingsystem. Blood or normal tissue paraffin blocks of positive patients were further tested for germline BRCA mutation. Results:Tissue paraffin blocks of 178 patients were collected. Only 139 patients whose paraffin-blocks could be processed. PositiveBRCAmutation was identified in 24 cases (17.3%): BRCA1in 13 cases, BRCA2 in 10 cases, and BRCA1&2in another. Germline mutation study in blood or normal tissue in 23positive patients revealed BRCA mutation in 14 cases: BRCA1(8 cases)and BRCA2 (6 cases). Overall, the prevalence of somatic and germline mutation were 6.5% (9 in 138 patients) and 8.7% (14 in 138 patients) respectively. The most common histology associated withBRCA mutation was high grade serous cancer (27.3%). No significant differencebetween,stage, outcome, platinum status and survival outcome in patients with or without BRCA mutation.Conclusion: BRCA mutation in Thai ovarian cancer patients was demonstrated in less than 10%. Higher rate of mutation was found in high grade serous cancer.
Baked Food Consumption Is A Risk Factor for Chronic Kidney Disease: A 1:1 Paired Case-control Study
Authors: Lai Xiaoying , Zhou Shiyu , Lin Zewei , Yan Chuanjie , Zhu Hong , Li Wenyuan , An Shengli , Ouyang Ping
Published: May 2020

Background

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) has become a global public health problem. Identifying the risk factors of CKD can provide strategies for the prevention of CKD. Studies showed that lifestyles play an important role in CKD, but the relationship between them remained unclear. Thus we aimed to explore the association of lifestyle behaviors (the dietary habits especially) with CKD.
Methods

A 1:1 matched case-control study including 1414 participates from the HUIQIAO health database system from Jan. 2015 to Dec. 2018 was conducted. Our main outcome measure was the diagnose of CKD, and exposures were lifestyle behaviors measured by a questionnaire. The anthropometric characteristics were included as confounding variables.
Results

We used conditional logistics regression to assess the odds ratios (ORs) and adjusted ORs for the risk factors. With the assumption of missing at random (MAR) pattern, the missing values of confounding variables and exposures were handled by multiple imputation. We found that lifestyle behaviors regarding skipping breakfast ≥ 3 times per week (1.672, 95% CI, 1.086–2.574), sleep efficiency ≤ 75% (1.633, 95% CI, 1.195–2.232), consuming baked food frequently (1.683, 95% CI, 1.163–2.434), proper intake of oil (0.789, 95% CI, 0.624–0.996), proper intake of aquatic product (0.732, 95% CI, 0.567–0.944), proper intake of soybean and nuts (0.625, 95% CI, 0.447–0.873) were associated with CKD.
Conclusion

These results suggest that moderate intake of soybean, nuts, and aquatic product, control oil intake, having breakfast at least 4 times per week, maintaining good sleep efficiency, and consuming less baked foods may contribute to prevent the development of CKD.
Trial registration:
This study is registered at http://www.chictr.org.cn (ChiCTR2000031864).
Relationships between motor scores and cognitive functioning in FMR1 female premutation X carriers indicate early involvement of cerebello-cerebral pathways.
Authors: Storey Elsdon , Bui Minh Q , Stimpson Paige , Tassone Flora , Atkinson Anna , Loesch Danuta
Published: May 2020

Background Smaller expansions of CGG trinucleotide repeats in the FMR1 X-linked gene termed ‘premutation’ lead to a neurodegenerative disorder: Fragile X Associated Tremor/Ataxia Syndrome (FXTAS) in nearly half of aged carrier males, and 8-16% females. Core features include intention tremor, ataxia, and cognitive decline, and white matter lesions especially in cerebellar and periventricular locations. A ‘toxic’ role of elevated and expanded FMR1 mRNA has been linked to the pathogenesis of this disorder. The emerging issue concerns the trajectory of the neurodegenerative changes: is the pathogenetic effect confined to overt clinical manifestations? Here we explore the relationships between motor and cognitive scale scores in a sample of 57 asymptomatic adult female premutation carriers of broad age range. Methods Three motor scale scores (ICARS-for tremor/ataxia, UPDRS-for parkinsonism, and the Clinical Tremor) were related to 11 cognitive tests and two psychiatric pathology scores - DASS and SCL-90 - using Spearman’s rank correlations. Robust regression, applied in relationships between all phenotypic measures, and genetic molecular and demographic data, identified age and educational levels as common correlates of these measures, which were incorporated as confounders in correlation analysis. Results Cognitive tests demonstrating significant correlations with motor scores were those assessing psychomotor speed/visual attention (SDMT; TMT-A) and those dependent on various aspects of executive functioning for their execution: sequencing and alternation (TMTB-A); working memory (DS backwards); and non-verbal reasoning (MR). The largest number of motor x cognitive correlations involved ICARS and Tremor scales, which reflect the type of motor dysfunctions seen in FXTAS. Conclusions Subtle motor impairments correlating with cognitive deficits may occur in female premutation carriers not meeting diagnostic criteria for FXTAS. This pattern of cognitive deficits is consistent with those seen in other cerebellar disorders. Our results provide evidence that more than one category of clinical manifestation reflecting cerebellar changes – motor and cognitive - may be simultaneously affected by premutation carriage across a broad age range in asymptomatic carriers. Future longitudinal studies should determine whether cognitive dysfunction tracking motor impairments is driven by the premutation status common to all carriers, or only to a subset of carriers who will develop FXTAS in older age.
Heat Dissipation Performance of Loader-Digger Cooling System based on Simulation and Test Data
Authors: Li Lei , Chen Xi , Liu Di , Zhou Hong-gen , Wu Haiyan
Published: May 2020

High temperature of the radiator group is harmful to the power system and hydraulic system. In order to improve the heat dissipation performance of the loader, the flow field characteristics of the cooling chamber are analyzed by simulation and heat balance test. Firstly, the mathematical model of heat flow is established. Secondly, the flow field in the cooling chamber under different speeds is simulated based on CFX. And then the influence of fan position and internal flow field distribution on radiator performance is studied. Through the simulation of four different distances, it is concluded that the optimal distance between cooling fan and radiator is 76 mm. Finally, a testing system is built for the temperature acquisition of engine water radiator, torque converter oil radiator, hydraulic oil radiator and air-to-air cooler of the hood structure, and then the simulation and optimization results are verified.
Inhibition of multiple SARS-CoV-2 proteins by an antiviral biomolecule, seselin from Aegle marmelos deciphered using molecular docking analysis
Authors: Nivetha R. , Bhuvaragavan S. , Janarthanan S.
Published: May 2020

Our earlier experimental and computational report produced the evidence on anti-viral nature of the compound seselin purified from the leaf extracts of Aegle marmelos against Bombyx mori Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (BmNPV). In the pandemic situation of COVID-19 caused by SARS-COV-2 virus, an in silico effort to evaluate the potentiality of the seselin has been made to test its efficacy against multiple targets of SARS-COV-2 such as SARS-CoV-2S spike protein, COVID-19 main protease and free enzyme of the SARS-CoV-2 (2019-nCoV) main protease. The ligand, seselin showed the best interaction with receptors SARS-CoV-2S protein, COVID-19 main protease and free enzyme of the SARS-CoV-2 (2019-nCoV) main protease with a binding energy of -6.6 kcal/mol, -6.9 kcal/mol and -6.7 kcal/mol, respectively. Docking analysis with three different receptors identified that all the computationally predicted lowest energy complexes were stabilized by intermolecular hydrogen bonds and stacking interactions. The aminoacid residues involved in interactions are THR111 and GLN110 for spike protein, SER1003, ALA958 and THR961 for COVID-19 main protease, and for SARS-CoV-2 (2019-nCoV) main protease, it is THR111, GLN110 and THR292. The outcome of pharmacokinetic analysis suggests that the compound had favourable drugability properties by obeying Lipinski rule of five with efficient ADME properties and exhibiting high affinity towards the binding site that it was directed to. The results suggest that the seselin has inhibitory potential over multiple SARS-COV-2 targets and holds a high potential to work effectively as a novel drug for COVID-19, if evaluated in experimental set ups in foreseeable future.
Prognostic Impact of Coagulopathy in Patients with COVID-19: a Meta-analysis of 35 Studies and 6427 Patients
Authors: Polimeni Alberto , Leo Isabella , Spaccarotella Carmen , Mongiardo Annalisa , Sorrentino Sabato , Sabatino Jolanda , De Rosa Salvatore , Indolfi Ciro
Published: May 2020

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious disease that appeared in China in December 2019. Several patients with severe COVID-19 infection can develop a coagulopathy according to the ISTH-criteria for disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC). We conducted a meta-analysis of all available studies on COVID-19 to explore the impact of coagulopathy on severe illness and mortality. An electronic search was performed within PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus electronic databases. The primary endpoint was the difference of D-dimer values between Non-Severe vs Severe disease and Survivors vs Non-Survivors. The primary analysis showed that mean d-dimer is significantly higher in COVID-19 patients with severe disease than in those without (SMD -2.15 [-2.73 to -1.56], I2 98%, P <0.0001). Additional analysis of platelet count showed lower levels of mean PLT in Severe patients than those observed in the Non-Severe patients (SMD 0.77 [0.32 to 1.22], I2 96%, P <0.001). Interestingly, longer mean PT was found in Severe group (SMD -1.34 [-2.06 to -0.62], I2 98%, P <0.0002) compared to Non-Severe group. In conclusion, the results of the present meta-analysis, the largest and most comprehensive to date, demonstrate that Severe COVID-19 infection is associated with higher D-dimer values, lower platelet count and prolonged PT.
Thermal state of the upper mantle and the origin of the Cambrian-Ordovician ophiolite pulse: Constraints from ultramafic dikes of the Hayachine-Miyamori ophiolite
Authors: Kimura Takafumi , Ozawa Kazuhito , Kuritani Takeshi , Iizuka Tsuyoshi , Nakagawa Mitsuhiro
Published: May 2020

Ophiolite pulses, which are periods of enhanced ophiolite generation and emplacement, are thought to have a relevance to highly active superplumes (superplume model). However, the Cambrian-Ordovician pulse has two critical geological features that cannot be explained by such a superplume model: predominance of subduction-related ophiolites and scarcity of plume-related magma activities. We addressed this issue by estimating the mechanism and condition of magma generation, including mantle potential temperature (MPT), from a ~500 Ma subduction-related ophiolite, the Hayachine-Miyamori ophiolite. We developed a novel method to overcome difficulties in global MPT estimation from an arc environment by using porphyritic ultramafic dikes showing flow differentiation, which have records of the chemical composition of the primitive magma, including its water content, because of their high pressure (~0.6 GPa) intrusion and rapid solidification. The solidus conditions for the primary magmas are estimated to be ~1450 °C, ~5.3 GPa. Geochemical data of the dikes show passive upwelling of a depleted mantle source in the garnet stability field without a strong influence of slab-derived fluids. These results, combined with the extensive fluxed melting of the mantle wedge prior to the dike formation, indicate sudden changes of the melting environment, its mechanism, and the mantle source from extensive fluxed melting of the mantle wedge to decompressional melting of the sub-slab mantle, which has been most plausibly triggered by a slab breakoff. The estimated MPT of the sub-slab mantle is ~1350 °C, which is very close to that of the current upper mantle and may reflect the global value of the upper mantle at ~500 Ma if small-scale convection maintained the shallow sub-slab mantle at a steady thermal state. We, therefore, conclude that the Cambrian-Ordovician ophiolite pulse is not attributable to the high temperature of the upper mantle. Frequent occurrence of slab breakoff, which is suggested by our geochemical compilation of Cambrian-Ordovician ophiolites, and subduction termination, which is probably related to the assembly of the Gondwana supercontinent, may be responsible for the ophiolite pulse.
Penerapan Perilaku Keluarga Sadar Gizi (KADARZI) dan Status Gizi Balita Usia 24-59 Bulan di Puskesmas Kranji Bekasi
Authors: Oktaviani Putri Pratiwi , Djafar Meylina , Fayasari Adhila
Published: May 2020

This study aimed to analyze association between the implementation of nutrition conscious family with the nutritional status of children aged 24-59 months in Puskesmas Kranji Bekasi. This research used a cross sectional design. Subjects were 71 mothers who  had children aged 24-59 months  taken by purposive sampling. Weight and height data were measured by stepping scales and microtoise, then converted to z-scores. Bivariate analysis using Chi-Square test. Underweight about 9 (12,7%) subjects, and 42 (59,2%) families did not apply KADARZI, indicator points that have not been done includes providing nutritional supplements (vitamin A) (7 %), varied meals (14,1%), using iodized salt (16,9%), weighing regularly (19,7%), and giving exclusive breastfeeding 31 (43,7%). Based on Chi-Square test is proved that there is correlation between KADARZI implementation with nutritional status of  children aged 24-59 months. The implementation of KADARZI had a significant association between nutritional status of children aged 24-59 months (p-value 0,006), particularly at indicators irregularly posyandu participation.
Pengaruh Larutan Madu terhadap Tekanan Darah Lanjut Usia Hipertensi
Authors: Musyayyadah Siti Aulia , Darni Joyeti , Fathimah Fathimah
Published: May 2020

This study aimed to determine the effect of honey solution intervention on systolic blood pressure and elderly diastole in the Aisyiyah Nursing Home Surakarta. Method of this research using Quasi-experimental approach with a pre-posttest control group design with 24 respondents selected by purposive sampling and divided into 4 groups there are O1 (70 gr honey), O2 (35 gr honey), K- (control with hypertension) and K+ (control with normotensive). Measurement of blood pressure using an Omron Sphygmomanometer. Paired Sample T-test was used to determine the effect of blood pressure before and after the intervention. The One Way ANOVA test was used to see differences in the average blood pressure data before the intervention. The results showed that there was an effect of honey solution on systolic blood pressure before and after intervention with p = 0,000 (p <0,05), as well as diastolic blood pressure in the statistical test, showed that there was an effect of honey solution on blood pressure diastole before and after intervention with p = 0,001 (p <0,05). So, there was a significant effect on the intervention of honey solution with 35 and 70 gr honey dose on systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the elderly.
Koronavirüs Anksiyete Ölçeği Kısa Formu: Türkçe Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması
Authors: BİÇER İsmail , ÇAKMAK Cuma , DEMİR Halil , KURT Mehmet Emin
Published: May 2020

Küresel bir pandemiye yol açan Yeni Tip
Koronavirüs Hastalığı (COVID-19) milyonlarca insanın
enfekte olmasına ve yüzbinlerce insanın da ölümüne yol açmıştır. COVID-19 insanların büyük bir bölümünde ve vakaların yakın çevrelerininde ciddi bir
kaygı yaratmıştır. COVID-19 pandemisiyle
ilgili çok sayıda araştırma yapılmakla birlikte pandeminin yarattığı kaygıyı
dikkate alan sınırlı çalışmaların olduğu görülmekktedir. Bu çalışmada Sherman
A. Lee (2020) tarafından COVID-19 kriziyle ilişkili olası disfonksiyonel
anksiyete vakalarını tanımlamak için kısa bir ruh sağlığı taraması olan
Koronavirüs Anksiyete Ölçeği (KAÖ)’nin Türkçe geçerlik ve güvenirlik analizlerini gerçekleştirmek amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma
kapsamında 467 yetişkin bireye ulaşılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında 5 maddelik kısa
ölçek optimal güvenilirlik ve geçerlilik göstermiştir. Ölçeğin geçerlilik
çalışmaları için açıklayıcı ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizleri, güvenilirlik
çalışmaları için ise iç tutarlılık analizleri yapılmıştır. Elde edilen
sonuçlara göre, geçerlilik ve güvenirlik çalışması yapılan KAÖ tek boyutlu ve
beş sorudan oluşan orijinal ölçek ile aynı özellikler göstermektedir.
Gerçekleştirilen bu çalışma ile literatüre geçerli ve güvenilir bir KAÖ
kazandırıldığı düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışma koronavirüsün yarattığı anksiyetinin
ölçülmesinde ve toplum ruh sağlığının geliştirilmesinde gelecekte araştırmalara
referans olabileceği düşünülmektedir.
Physical Inactivity is Liable to the Increased Cardiovascular Risk and Impaired Cognitive Profile
Authors: Teixeira Robson B. , dos Santos Amorim Paulo Roberto , Marins João C.B. , de L.X. Martins Yuri , de Souza Magalhães Marques Samuel , Aguiar Victor P.R. , Palotás András , Lima Luciana M.
Published: May 2020

Background:

Sedentary life-style is a significant public health issue. It increases the incidence of type-2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and systemic arterial hypertension (SAH), which in turn may impair physical and mental health. In fact, disrupted glucose metabolism is characteristic of Alzheimer’s dementia, and it is often dubbed as type-3 diabetes.

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to assess the level of activity, body composition, cardiovascular risk and cognitive profile of patients with DM2 and/or SAH. The study was cross-sectional design.

Methods:

The sample consisted of 120 individuals which 35% men and 65% women, with an average of 64±9 years old and 60±11 years old, respectively. Various parameters were evaluated such as anthropometric variables, pedometer recordings and brief cognitive screening battery (BCSB), which assesses the immediate memory, verbal fluency, learning, late memory and recognition. Chi-square and Fisher's exact test were applied to observe possible differences between men and women. In addition to Kruskall-Wallis, in the comparison between patients with SAH; DM2 and SAH + DM2.

Results:

A high rate of physical inactivity was found among those enrolled in this project. Females were characterized by increased body fat, whereas men displayed visceral fat excess. BCSB demonstrated reduced verbal fluency, late memory and recognition, with women presenting significantly worse results.

Conclusion:

Low level of daily physical activity is apparently correlated with obesity, elevated cardiovascular risk, and cognitive dysfunction.
Associations of Plasma BACE1 Level and BACE1 C786G Gene Polymorphism with Cognitive Functions in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross- Sectional Study
Authors: Tian Sai , Huang Rong , Guo Dan , Lin Hongyan , Wang Jiaqi , An Ke , Wang Shaohua
Published: May 2020

Background:

β-Site APP-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) is a key enzyme involved in the
pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). We
aimed to investigate the potential associations of plasma BACE1 levels and BACE1 gene polymorphism
with different cognitive performances in T2DM patients with MCI.

Methods:

The recruited 186 T2DM subjects were divided into 92 MCI group and 94 healthy-cognition
controls, according to the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores. Sociodemographic characteristics,
clinical parameters and neuropsychological tests were assessed. BACE1 C786G gene polymorphism
and plasma BACE1 level were determined.

Results:

Compared to controls, MCI patients exhibited higher plasma BACE1 levels. Plasma BACE1
levels were negatively associated with MoCA, Clock Drawing Test and Logical Memory Test scores,
whereas positively associated with Trail Making Test-B time in the MCI group (all p<0.05), after adjusting
fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin
resistance by C-peptide. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed a significant trend towards
increased MCI risk with high plasma BACE1 level in T2DM patients (OR = 1.492, p = 0.027). The
plasma BACE1 levels of GG and GC genotypes were obviously higher than that of CC genotype in
T2DM-MCI patients (p = 0.035; p = 0.026, respectively).

Conclusion:

Increased plasma BACE1 levels were associated with poor overall cognition functions,
especially visuospatial abilities, visual/logical memory and executive functions in T2DM-MCI patients.
Additionally, elevated plasma BACE1 level was a risk factor for MCI in T2DM patients, and might be
influenced by BACE1 C786G gene mutations.
Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists Cardio-protective Effects: An Umbrella Review
Authors: Elnour Asim Ahmed , Al Hajri Noora , El Khidir Israa Yousif , AlAmoodi Abdulla , Ahmed Sahar Asim , Sadeq Adel
Published: May 2020

Background:

We thought to delve deeper into seven meta-analyses of major clinical trials focusing on Glucagon-Like Peptide-One Receptor Agonist (GLP-1 RA) cardioprotective effect.

Aim:

We explored the role of GLP-1 RA in cardiovascular risk protection as the primary outcome in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methodology:

The current review has explored and critically appraised seven meta-analyses of placebo- controlled randomized clinical trials (RCT-s) involving GLP-1 RA used in diabetes that has exhibited major cardiovascular events as the primary outcome.

Results:

Based on the participants-intervention-comparison and outcomes (PICO), the total number of the participants in this review were (138750), the intervention was conducted with GLP-1 RA, the comparator was a placebo and the outcome was major cardiovascular events. The overall evidence for the cardioprotective effect of GLP-1 RA in diabetes was very clear in subjects with the cardiovascular risk of varying degrees. Most of the currently reviewed meta-analyses have not shown cardioprotection with GLP-1 RA in subjects with diabetes exhibiting high cardiovascular risk or medical history of cardiovascular diseases. Patient variability, in addition to potency parameters, will be the key to a successful member of the class. There will be avenues for selection of a candidate based on the suitability to patient preferences and characteristics.

Conclusion:

The RCT-s for GLP-1 RA should characterize cardiovascular risk in subjects with diabetes such that disparities between established cardiovascular risk (high, moderate and low) or medical history of cardiovascular disease have been accounted for in subgroup analysis.
Seed rain and establishment in successional forests in Chiapas, Mexico
Authors: Carrillo Arreola Fernando , Quintana-Ascencio Pedro Francisco , Ramírez-Marcial Neptalí Ramírez-Marcial , González-Espinosa Mario
Published: May 2020

Background and Aims: Agriculture in the tropics is decreasing, fragmenting and altering forests and forest landscapes. We hypothesized differences in species richness and dominance of life forms in the seed rain and in richness and survival in the recruit assemblages among mature forests, mid-successional forests, early successional forests, pastures and milpa fields (arable lands with maize) surrounded by natural and human disturbed habitats. Methods: Samples of seeds and plants were collected during a year in Lacanjá-Chansayab and Bonampak-Bethel, in the buffer zone of the Montes Azules Biosphere Reserve, Selva Lacandona, Chiapas, Mexico. We deployed 14 seed traps in 12 sites representing a gradient of vegetation succession (2 sites × 6 habitats × 14 traps; n = 168 traps). Independently, to assess changes in recruitment and early survival, we established 15 quadrats (0.5 × 2.0 m) in each of the studied forests (2 sites × 3 habitats × 15 quadrats; n = 90 quadrats). Key results: We collected ~13,600 seeds of 144 species from 48 botanical families. Mature forests had the highest seed rain species richness (60-61) and pastures (14-11) the lowest. We observed a decline in species richness and a change in dominance of life forms in the seed rain from less disturbed to most perturbed habitats. Mature forests included seeds of diverse tree species while the assemblage in pastures was dominated by seeds of few grass species. Intensive traditional milpa fields showed homogeneous seed assemblages. For the new recruits, we recorded ~3,416 individuals (<0.5 m height) of 238 morphospecies in 42 families, 129 were identified to species level. The largest number of species occurred in mature and mid-successional stands compared to early forests. Annual survival of recruits was higher in mid- and late successional forests than in early ones.Conclusions: We document species loss and widespread simplification and homogenization in community composition due to pervasive effect of humans on remnant tropical lowland forests.