bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Infection Rates in Open Fractures of the Tibia: Is the 6-Hour Rule Fact or Fiction?
Authors: Kamat Ameya S.
Published: October 2011

Aims. Emergency debridement has long been the standard of care for open fractures of the tibia as infection is an important complication. The timing of operative debridement can be debated. We review open fractures of the tibia and compare infection rates in those that were operated on within and after 6-hours.Method. 103 consecutive open fractures of the tibia were reviewed. The data was analysed retrospectively with regard to severity of fracture and incidence of infection. Infection rates over a three-month period were compared between the two groups.Results. 12 (11.6%) patients developed an infection within the first 3 months of injury. 7 of which were taken to theatre within 6-hours, and 5 after 6-hours. No significant differences were found between these two groups.Conclusion. There is no significant difference in timing of surgery. Initial basic interventions may play more of a role in limiting the risk of infection.
The summertime Boreal forest field measurement intensive (HUMPPA-COPEC-2010): an overview of meteorological and chemical influences
Authors: Williams J. , Crowley J. , Fischer H. , Harder H. , Martinez M. , Petäjä T. , Rinne J. , Bäck J. , Boy M. , Dal Maso M. , Hakala J. , Kajos M. , Keronen P. , Rantala P. , Aalto J. , Aaltonen H. , Paatero J. , Vesala T. , Hakola H. , Levula J. , Pohja T. , Herrmann F. , Auld J. , Mesarchaki E. , Song W. , Yassaa N. , Nölscher A. , Johnson A. M. , Custer T. , Sinha V. , Thieser J. , Pouvesle N. , Taraborrelli D. , Tang M. J. , Bozem H. , Hosaynali-Beygi Z. , Axinte R. , Oswald R. , Novelli A. , Kubistin D. , Hens K. , Javed U. , Trawny K. , Breitenberger C. , Hidalgo P. J. , Ebben C. J. , Geiger F. M. , Corrigan A. L. , Russell L. M. , Ouwersloot H. G. , Vilà-Guerau de Arellano J. , Ganzeveld L. , Vogel A. , Beck M. , Bayerle A. , Kampf C. J. , Bertelmann M. , Köllner F. , Hoffmann T. , Valverde J. , González D. , Riekkola M.-L. , Kulmala M. , Lelieveld J.
Published: October 2011

Abstract. This paper describes the background, instrumentation, goals, and the regional influences on the HUMPPA-COPEC intensive field measurement campaign, conducted at the Boreal forest research station SMEAR II (Station for Measuring Ecosystem-Atmosphere Relation) in Hyytiälä, Finland from 12 July–12 August 2010. The prevailing meteorological conditions during the campaign are examined and contrasted with those of the past six years. Back trajectory analyses show that meteorological conditions at the site in 2010 were characterized by a higher proportion of southerly flow than in the other years studied. As a result the summer of 2010 was anomalously warm and high in ozone making the campaign relevant for the analysis of possible future climates. A comprehensive land use analysis, provided on both 5 and 50 km scales, shows that the main vegetation types surrounding the site on both the regional and local scales are: coniferous forest (Scots pine and/or Norway spruce); mixed forest (Birch and conifers); and woodland scrub (e.g. Willows, Aspen); indicating that the campaign results can be taken as representative of the Boreal forest ecosystem. In addition to the influence of biogenic emissions, the measurement site was occasionally impacted by sources other than vegetation. Specific tracers have been used here to identify the time periods when such sources have impacted the site namely: biomass burning (acetonitrile and CO), urban anthropogenic pollution (pentane and SO2) and the nearby Korkeakoski sawmill (enantiomeric ratio of chiral monoterpenes). None of these sources dominated the study period, allowing the Boreal forest summertime emissions to be assessed and contrasted with various other source signatures.
Changes in discharge and solute dynamics between a hillslope and a valley-bottom intermittent streams
Authors: Bernal S. , Sabater F.
Published: October 2011

Abstract. We investigated differences on stream water flux as well as on chloride, carbon and nitrogen dynamics between two semiarid nested catchments, one at the hillslope and the other one at the valley-bottom. The two streams were intermittent, yet only the valley-bottom stream was embraced by a riparian forest and a well-developed alluvium with highly conductive coarse sediments. We found that stream water flux decreased by more than 40% from the hillslope to the valley-bottom during hydrological transition periods (from dry-to-wet and from wet-to-dry conditions), coinciding with periods when stream-to-aquifer fluxes prevailed. During the hydrological transition period, stream export of chloride, nitrate, and dissolved organic carbon decreased 34–97% between the hillslope and the valley-bottom catchments. There was a strong correlation between monthly differences in stream discharge and in stream Cl− export between the two catchments. In contrast, monthly differences in stream export for bio-reactive solutes were only partially explained by stream discharge. In annual terms, stream nitrate export from the valley-bottom catchment (0.32 ± 0.12 kg N ha−1 yr−1 – average ± standard deviation) was 30–50% lower than from the hillslope catchment (0.56 ± 0.32 kg N ha−1 yr−1). Although the riparian forest could be an extra source of organic matter to the valley-bottom stream, the annual export of dissolved organic carbon was similar between the two catchments (1.8 ± 1 kg C ha−1 yr−1). Our results suggested that stream hydrology was a strong driver of stream solute export during the hydrological transition period, and that hydrological retention in the alluvial zone could contribute to reduce stream water and solute export under semiarid conditions in the valley-bottom stream.
What Impact Has the Introduction of a Synoptic Report for Rectal Cancer Had on Reporting Outcomes for Specialist Gastrointestinal and Nongastrointestinal Pathologists?
Authors: Messenger David E. , McLeod Robin S. , Kirsch Richard
Published: October 2011

Context.—Synoptic pathology reports increase the completeness of reporting for colorectal cancer. Despite the perceived superiority of specialist reporting, service demands dictate that general pathologists report colorectal cancer specimens in many centers.

Objective.—To determine differences in the completeness of rectal cancer reporting between specialist gastrointestinal and nongastrointestinal pathologists in both the narrative and synoptic formats.

Design.—Pathology reports from rectal cancer resections performed between 1997 and 2008 were reviewed. A standardized, synoptic report was formally introduced in 2001. Reports were assessed for completeness according to 10 mandatory elements from the College of American Pathologists checklist.

Results.—Overall, synoptic reports (n  =  315) were more complete than narrative reports (n  =  183) for TNM stage, distance to the circumferential radial margin, tumor grade, lymphovascular invasion, extramural venous invasion, perineural invasion, and regional deposits (all P < .01). Compared with those by nonspecialist pathologists, narrative reports by gastrointestinal pathologists were more complete for lymphovascular invasion (59.3% versus 35.9%, P  =  .02) and extramural venous invasion (70.4% versus 35.9%, P  =  .001), but there was no difference in completeness once a synoptic report was adopted. Gastrointestinal pathologists tended to report the presence of extramural venous invasion more frequently in both the narrative (18.5% versus 5.1%, P  =  .01) and synoptic formats (25.5% versus 14.6%, P  =  .02).

Conclusions.—Completeness of reporting, irrespective of subspecialist interest, was dramatically increased by the use of a synoptic report. Improvements in completeness were most pronounced among nongastrointestinal pathologists, enabling them to attain a level of report completeness comparable to that of gastrointestinal pathologists. Further studies are required to determine whether there are actual discrepancies in the detection of prognostic features between specialist gastrointestinal and nongastrointestinal pathologists.
Circulating Endothelial Cells as a Marker of Vascular Dysfunction in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus by Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
Authors: Attia Fadia M. , Maaty Ahmed , Kalil Fawzy Attia
Published: October 2011

Context.—Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis; endothelial dysfunction represents the first step in its pathogenesis.

Objective.—To assess endothelial dysfunction in SLE by circulating endothelial cells (CECs) and to characterize SLE-specific factors that contribute to its appearance.

Design.—Case-control study was conducted on 60 subjects, divided into 2 groups: group A (30 patients with SLE) and group B (30 healthy sex- and age-matched controls). Total cholesterol, triglycerides, antinuclear antibodies, anti–double-stranded DNA antibodies, and C3 were determined in all patients. Systemic lupus erythematosus activity was assessed using the SLE Disease Activity Index. Endothelial function was assessed by means of flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery using B-mode ultrasonography and relative quantification of CD 146 mRNA by real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Results.—The group of SLE patients was formed of 20 females and 10 males, with a mean age of 31.16 ± 9.69 years. The values of SLE-specific tests and SLE Disease Activity Index were represented by anti–double-stranded DNA antibodies 160 ± 40.5, C3 68.91 ± 11.91 mg/dL, total cholesterol 188.66 ± 49.63 mg/dL, triglycerides 143.41 ± 46.26 mg/dL, and SLE Disease Activity Index 12.66 ± 3.70. Values for flow-mediated dilation were 8.85% ± 2.02% (group A) and 20.33% ± 6.19% (group B), P < .001, and CECs were 300 ± 40.5 μL−1 blood (group A) and 10 ± 2.5 μL−1 blood (group B). The statistical analysis showed a strong inverse correlation between CECs and SLE Disease Activity Index, a strong correlation between CECs and C3, a strong correlation between CECs and anti–double-stranded DNA antibodies, and a moderate inverse correlation between CECs and total cholesterol.

Conclusion.—Endothelial dysfunction is present in SLE patients even in the absence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors due to disease activity.
The Noir Atlantic
Authors: Higginson Pim
Published: October 2011

Noir Atlantic follows the influence of African American author Chester Himes on Francophone African crime fiction. In 1953, Chester Himes emigrated to Paris where he struggled to publish, just as he had in the United States, until the 'Harlem Domestic Series' transformed the author into a cult figure for a generation of Parisian readers who appreciated the blend of absurdist humor and violence. For African authors, these novels also modeled an escape from a high literary paradigm inherited from the colonial experience. Himess ambiguous role as a famous 'French' writer paradoxically also made him an effective means of escaping the centripetal pull of the Métropole. Starting with Abasse Ndiones 1982 La Vie en spirale depictions of Senegals marijuana smoking subculture and ending with Mongo Betis 2001 Branles-bas en noir et blanc that displaced Himes Harlem to Yaoundé, Cameroon, these works turned their backs on France and its ideological and anthropological criteria of literary success and embraced a new aesthetic. In the process, the Francophone African authors of noir became less motivated by Fanonian cultural nationalism and more with entertaining the reader while making a living. Noir Atlantic demonstrates why and how we should consider this move to a 'frivolous literary' as a profoundly significant moment in Francophone African literary history that lead the way to more recent developments such as Littérature Monde.
Cyst‐like lesions in finger joints detected by conventional radiography: Comparison with 320‐row multidetector computed tomography
Authors: de Bucourt Maximilian , Scheurig‐Münkler Christian , Feist Eugen , Juran Ralf , Diekhoff Torsten , Rogalla Patrik , Hamm Bernd , Hermann Kay‐Geert A.
Published: October 2011

Objective

Many rheumatologists and radiologists routinely assess conventional radiographs of the hands, and it is often unclear how to proceed if radiography reveals only cyst‐like lesions (CLLs), with otherwise normal findings. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the use of 320‐row multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) of the hands in the further assessment of CLLs of metacarpophalangeal (MCP) and proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints identified on conventional radiography.

Methods

MCP and PIP joints (n = 1,120 joints) of 56 consecutive patients (44 women [mean age 55 years, range 31–72 years] and 12 men [mean age 57 years, range 37–77 years]) were prospectively scored for the presence of cysts, CLLs, and erosions of the PIP and MCP joints, first on conventional radiographs, then on MDCT. Scoring was performed by 2 independent readers under blinded conditions. Intraclass correlation coefficients were calculated.

Results

By conventional hand radiography, 13 patients (total of 260 joints assessed) were identified as having CLLs in 1 or more joints (total of 36 joints [11 PIP and 25 MCP]). By MDCT, the findings in 19 of 36 joints (53%) were diagnosed as erosions, while 7 of 36 (19%) were confirmed as true cysts, and 10 joints (28%) were normal (false positive). Among the patients with CLLs, 10 of 224 joints with no abnormality seen radiographically had erosions as seen on MDCT. Interreader agreement for erosions was 0.854 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.831–0.874) by conventional hand radiography and 0.952 (95% CI 0.943–0.959) by MDCT.

Conclusion

Our results indicate that radiographic appearance of cyst‐like lesions may actually represent erosions and should lead to initiation of further imaging tests.
Interleukin‐22 promotes osteoclastogenesis in rheumatoid arthritis through induction of RANKL in human synovial fibroblasts
Authors: Kim Kyoung‐Woon , Kim Hae‐Rim , Park Jin‐Young , Park Jin‐Sil , Oh Hye‐Jwa , Woo Yun‐Ju , Park Mi‐Kyung , Cho Mi‐La , Lee Sang‐Heon
Published: October 2011

Objective

To examine the regulatory role of interleukin‐22 (IL‐22) in the expression of RANKL and induction of osteoclastogenesis in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods

Concentrations of IL‐22 and RANKL in the serum and synovial fluid of RA patients were measured using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. RA synovial fibroblasts were treated with recombinant human IL‐22 (rhIL‐22), and the expression of RANKL messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein was measured using real‐time polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and intracellular immunostaining. Human monocytes were cocultured with IL‐22–prestimulated RA synovial fibroblasts and macrophage colony‐stimulating factor, and osteoclastogenesis was assessed by counting the multinucleated cells (those staining positive for tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase).

Results

The IL‐22 concentration in the synovial fluid was higher in RA patients than in patients with osteoarthritis (OA). The serum IL‐22 concentration was also higher in RA patients than in OA patients and healthy volunteers, and this correlated with serum titers of rheumatoid factor and anti–cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies. In RA synovial fibroblasts treated with rhIL‐22, the expression of RANKL mRNA and protein was increased in a dose‐dependent manner. IL‐22–induced RANKL expression was down‐regulated significantly by the inhibition of p38 MAPK/NF‐κB or JAK‐2/STAT‐3 signaling. In human monocytes cocultured with IL‐22–prestimulated RA synovial fibroblasts in the absence of exogenous RANKL, the monocytes differentiated into osteoclasts, but this osteoclastogenesis decreased after p38 MAPK/NF‐κB or JAK‐2/STAT‐3 signaling was inhibited.

Conclusion

These results show that IL‐22 up‐regulates RANKL expression in RA synovial fibroblasts and induces osteoclastogenesis. These effects are mediated by the p38 MAPK/NF‐κB and JAK‐2/STAT‐3 signaling pathways.
Taktile und laserbasierte Messverfahren für die messtechnische Überwachung einer Autobahnbrücke
Authors: Liebig Jan Peter , Grünberg Jürgen , Paffenholz Jens‐André , Vennegeerts Harald
Published: October 2011

Die zutreffende Abbildung der Einwirkungen auf ein Tragwerk durch geeignete Lastmodelle ist eine wichtige Voraussetzung für dessen Zuverlässigkeit und Dauerhaftigkeit. Bei Brückenbauwerken sind insbesondere die Lastmodelle der Straßenverkehrseinwirkungen einem ständigen Wandel unterlegen. Dies macht den regelmäßigen Abgleich der Lastmodelle auf das aktuelle Verkehrsaufkommen notwendig. Das Verkehrsaufkommen lässt sich durch unterschiedliche Arten von Weigh‐In‐Motion‐Systemen ermitteln und durch numerische Untersuchungen erweiternd beschreiben. Der Schwerpunkt dieses Beitrags liegt in der Darstellung des kombinierten Einsatzes von direkten Messungen am Bauwerk sowie in der Anwendung laserbasierter Messmethoden aus dem Bereich der Ingenieurgeodäsie zur Kalibrierung eines Finite‐Elemente‐Rechenmodells (FE‐Modell), das der numerischen Untersuchung des aktuellen wie auch des prognostizierten Verkehrsaufkommens dient.

Mapping of real impacts on a structure by acceptable load models is a fundamental assumption for its reliability and durability. Especially for road bridges traffic load models are affected by increasing traffic loads. This needs a periodical calibration of the load models to the actual traffic volume, which can be achieved by different ways of Weigh‐In‐Motion‐Systems and numerical investigations. The main focus of this article is in the presentation of a combined application of structural measurements and laser based geodetic measurements to calibrate a numerical model. This model allows a numerical investigation of the actual traffic volume and predicted traffic loads.
Experimentelle Untersuchung der Verformungsakkumulation eines Flachgründungsmodells von Offshore‐Windenergieanlagen
Authors: Zachert Hauke , Triantafyllidis Theodoros , Wienbroer Holger
Published: October 2011

Gründungen von Offshore‐Windenergieanlagen sind im Laufe ihre Nutzungsdauer vielen Millionen von Lastwechseln ausgesetzt. Diese Wechselbeanspruchung kann zu Setzungen und Verdrehungen der Anlage führen, die die Gebrauchstauglichkeit beeinträchtigen. Das Verhalten von Flachgründungen bei solchen Beanspruchungen wurde bisher allerdings nur wenig erforscht. Daher wurden zahlreiche experimentelle Untersuchungen an einem kleinmaßstäblichen Flachfundament unter horizontaler zyklischer Belastung durchgeführt. Die in diesem Beitrag vorgestellten Modellversuche wurden auf einem trockenen Feinsand durchgeführt. Nach einer kurzen allgemeinen Einführung wird das experimentelle Setup vorgestellt. Es besteht aus einer speziell entworfenen Mess‐ und Belastungstechnik sowie einer Einrichtung zur Herstellung von Proben mit mitteldichter bis dichter Lagerung. Anschließend werden die Versuchsergebnisse vorgestellt. Untersucht wurden das Setzungs‐ und Verdrehungsverhalten unter ein‐ und mehrdimensionaler Beanspruchung und unter mehrstufiger Schwelllastbeanspruchung. Des Weiteren wurde das Verhalten nach einem einzelnen Großereignis, wie es beispielsweise eine sogenannte “freak wave“ darstellt, untersucht. Infolge eines darauf folgenden Zyklenpakets wurde der Abbau der aus dem Großereignis resultierenden Verdrehung beobachtet. Die Einflüsse auf diese Rückdrehung wurden systematisch untersucht, wobei sowohl Lastamplituden, ‐mittelwerte und ‐richtungen als auch die Lagerungsdichte des Bodens variiert wurden.

Experimental investigations on the deformations accumulation of a shallow foundation model for offshore wind turbines. Foundations of offshore wind turbines are exposed to millions of load cycles during their service life. This cyclic loading can lead to settlements and rotations of the structure, affecting its serviceability. The behaviour of shallow foundations under such loading conditions has been rarely investigated so far. Thus, numerous experimental studies were performed on a small scale foundation model under horizontal cyclic loading. The focus of this contribution is on these model tests which were performed on dry fine sand. After a brief general introduction, the experimental setup is presented. It consists of a specially designed measuring and loading device, as well as a facility for the preparation of medium dense to dense samples. Afterwards the experimental results are presented. The settlement and rotation behaviour under single‐ and multi‐dimensional loading as well as under multistage one‐way loading was investigated. Furthermore, the behaviour after a single large wave event, like a so‐called freak wave, was studied. Due to the subsequent cycle packages a reduction of rotations resulting from the strong event was observed. The influences on this backward rotation were investigated systematically. The effects of different load amplitudes, average loads, load directions and relative densities are discussed.
Design of an X‐Ray Powder Diffraction Probe for Multi‐Channel Application: Proof of Principle
Authors: Fait M. J. G. , Schneider M. , Tilgner J. , Bjeoumikhov A. , Linke D. , Rodemerck U.
Published: October 2011

The design of an X‐ray powder diffraction probe and its integration with a multi‐channel reactor system for potential application in high‐throughput experimentation is presented. The working principle of the apparatus is exemplified by measurements of corundum and of the phase change observed when oxidizing vanadium(III) oxide (V2O3) in air during heating up to 450 °C. The phase transformations of the parent material were monitored by phase identification of the crystalline intermediate vanadium(IV) oxide (VO2) and the final product vanadium(V) oxide (V2O5).
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses, Structures and Raman Spectra of Cd(BF4)(AF6) (A: Ta, Bi) Compounds.
Authors: Radan Kristian , Lozinsek Matic , Goreshnik Evgeny , Zemva Boris
Published: October 2011

The title compounds are obtained in nearly quantitative yields from anhydrous HF solutions containing either Cd(BF4)2, CdF2, and TaF5, or Cd(BF4)2 and Cd(BiF6)2.
ChemInform Abstract: Aluminum(III) Fluoride Originating from Decomposition of Hydrazinium Fluoroaluminate(III) under Oxidative Conditions: Syntheses, X‐Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Some Catalytic Reactions.
Authors: Skapin Tomaz , Mazej Zoran , Makarowicz Anna , Jesih Adolf , Nickkho‐Amiry Mahmood , Schroeder Sven L. M. , Weiher Norbert , Zemva Boris , Winfield John M.
Published: October 2011

AlF3 is prepared by oxidative (F2) decomposition of [N2H6][AlF5] under gas—solid conditions and in the presence of liquid anhydrous HF.
ChemInform Abstract: Two New Methods of Synthesis for the Perbromate Ion: Chemistry and Determination by LC‐MS/MS.
Authors: Pisarenko Aleksey N. , Young Robert , Quinones Oscar , Vanderford Brett J. , Mawhinney Douglas B.
Published: October 2011

The formation of perbromate ions by reactions of hypobromite and bromate ions in an alkaline sodium hypobromite solution is demonstrated by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.
ChemInform Abstract: Bell‐Like [Ga5] Clusters in Eu3Li5+xGa5‐x (x = 0.15).
Authors: Fedorchuk Anatolii , Prots Yurii , Schnelle Walter , Grin Yuri
Published: October 2011

Eu3Li5.15Ga4.85 is synthesized from the elements at 900 °C for 2 h followed by annealing at 300 °C for 10 months.
ChemInform Abstract: [Ni(en)3][InSbS4]: A One‐Dimensional Polymeric Indium Thioantimonate with a Polar Structure.
Authors: Feng Mei‐Ling , Li Pei‐Xin , Du Ke‐Zhao , Huang Xiao‐Ying
Published: October 2011

The title compound, the first polar indium thioantimonate, is solvothermally synthesized from a mixture of In, Sb, S, and NiCl2 in en (autoclave, 190 °C, 7 d; 8% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric α‐Chlorination of 3‐Acyloxazolidin‐2‐one with a Trinary Catalytic System.
Authors: Hamashima Yoshitaka , Nagi Tatsuya , Shimizu Ryo , Tsuchimoto Teruhisa , Sodeoka Mikiko
Published: October 2011

A trinary catalytic system allows asymmetric chlorination of aryl acetic acid derivatives in good yield with up to 89% e.e.
ChemInform Abstract: Insertion of Cyclopropanes Between a Carbonyl Carbon and an α‐Carbon of Carbon Compounds with Cyclopropylmagnesium Carbenoids.
Authors: Satoh Tsuyoshi , Kashiwamura Gaku , Nagamoto Shinobu , Sasaki Yuki , Sugiyama Shimpei
Published: October 2011

The reaction produces α‐cyclopropyl‐substituted ketones and is highly stereospecific with respect to the cyclopropylmagnesium carbenoids.
ChemInform Abstract: Simple and Efficient Method for the Halogenation of Oxygenated Aromatic Compounds.
Authors: Koini Eftychia N. , Avlonitis Nicolaos , Calogeropoulou Theodora
Published: October 2011

A novel variant concerning oxychlorination or oxybromination of electron‐rich arenes is developed under conditions A)‐D).
ChemInform Abstract: Well‐Defined NHC—Pd(II)—Im (NHC: N‐Heterocyclic Carbene; Im: 1‐Methylimidazole) Complexes Catalyzed Amination of Aryl Chlorides.
Authors: Zhu Lei , Gao Ting‐Ting , Shao Li‐Xiong
Published: October 2011

New air‐ and moisture stable complexes are synthesized and their application in amination reactions of aryl chlorides is investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Sugar‐monophosphite Ligands Applied to the Asymmetric Ni‐Catalyzed Trialkylaluminum Addition to Aldehydes.
Authors: Alegre Sabina , Dieguez Montserrat , Pamies Oscar
Published: October 2011

A variety of glucose‐derived biarylphosphonate ligands is prepared and applied in the Ni‐catalyzed addition of trialkylaluminum towards aromatic aldehydes (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Zirconyl Chloride: An Efficient, Water‐Tolerant, and Reusable Catalyst for the Synthesis of N‐Methylamides.
Authors: Talukdar Dhrubajyoti , Saikia Lakhinath , Thakur Ashim Jyoti
Published: October 2011

Microwave‐assisted condensation of carboxylic acids with dimethylurea allows the preparation of a broad spectrum of N‐methylamides.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Sonogashira Cross‐Coupling of Organic Tellurides with Alkynes.
Authors: Kawaguchi Shin‐ichi , Srivastava Puneet , Engman Lars
Published: October 2011

Optimized reaction conditions are developed for the coupling of alkyl aryl tellurides or tellurol ester (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: E/Z‐Selective Synthesis of Alkylidene‐3‐oxo‐3H‐isobenzofurans by Reaction of Silyl Enol Ethers with Phthaloyl Dichloride.
Authors: Langer Peter , et al. et al.
Published: October 2011

The reaction of various silyl enol ethers with dichloride (I) proceeds with high (E)‐selectivity to provide the desired unsaturated substructures in low to moderate yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Suzuki—Miyaura Reactions of N‐Protected Tribromopyrazoles. Efficient and Site‐Selective Synthesis of 3,4,5‐Triaryl‐pyrazoles, 3,5‐Diaryl‐4‐bromopyrazoles and 5‐Aryl‐3,4‐dibromopyrazoles.
Authors: Khera Rasheed Ahmad , Ali Asad , Rafique Hummera , Hussain Munawar , Tatar Jovana , Saeed Aamer , Villinger Alexander , Langer Peter
Published: October 2011

The reactions proceed with excellent site‐selectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Triphenylphosphine‐Promoted C‐Vinylation of 4‐Hydroxyquinolines.
Authors: Mohtat Bita , Nahavandian Semiramis , Azar Zohre Najafi , Djahaniani Hoorieh , Hossaini Zinatossadat
Published: October 2011

A simple one‐pot synthesis of functionalized 4‐hydroxyquinoline derivatives is presented which as the advantage of neutral conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3‐Arylimidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines by a Catalyst‐Free Cascade Process.
Authors: Wu Zhiqing , Pan Yinyin , Zhou Xiangge
Published: October 2011

A simple protocol allows the synthesis of the title compounds through cascade reaction of 2‐aminopyridines with dibromoalkenes or bromoacetylenes, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective [2 + 2 + 2] Cycloaddition of Ketenes and Carbon Disulfide Catalyzed by N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes.
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Na , Shen Li‐Tao , Ye Song
Published: October 2011

A mechanism in which the catalytic reaction is initiated by addition of the N‐heterocyclic carbene to ketenes rather than to carbon disulfide is proposed.
ChemInform Abstract: The Novel 3,4‐Dihydropyrimidin‐2(1H)‐one Urea Derivatives of N‐Aryl Urea: Synthesis, Antiinflamatory, Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity Evaluation.
Authors: Tale Rajesh H. , Rodge Atish H. , Hatnapure Girish D. , Keche Ashish P.
Published: October 2011

Compounds (IIg) and (IIh) are found to exhibit promising antiinflammatory activities, whereas compounds (IIa)—(IIf) show promising antimicrobial activity against selected pathogenic bacteria and fungi.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Synthesis of Highly Fused Perimidines by Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Hydroamination of 2‐Ethynylbenzaldehydes.
Authors: Tokimizu Yusuke , Ohta Yusuke , Chiba Hiroaki , Oishi Shinya , Fujii Nobutaka , Ohno Hiroaki
Published: October 2011

The results show that copper‐catalyzed annulation of alkynylbenzaldehydes (I) with diaminonaphthalene (II) and subsequent palladium‐catalyzed arylation provides a convenient access to highly fused perimidine derivatives (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Photochemical Transformations of 5‐Perfluoroalkenyl Uracils
Authors: Cytlak Tomasz , Koroniak Henryk
Published: October 2011

in polar, nucleophilic solvents (H2O or MeOH)
ChemInform Abstract: Control of Selectivity in the Generation and Reactions of Oxonium Ylides.
Authors: Jaber Deana M. , Burgin Ryan N. , Hepler Matthew , Zavalij Peter , Doyle Michael P.
Published: October 2011

The compounds (I), which bear a bulky aryl substituent, form the single diastereomers (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient One‐Pot Synthesis of Spiro[indoline‐3,4′‐pyrazolo[3,4‐e][1,4]thiazepine] Dione via Three‐Component Reaction.
Authors: Chen Hui , Shi Daqing
Published: October 2011

Novel tetracyclic spirooxindole derivatives are efficiently synthesized using p‐toluenesulfonic acid as catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Two New Eujindoles from Eupenicillium javanicum.
Authors: Nakadate Shou , Nozawa Koohei , Yaguchi Takashi
Published: October 2011

Two new indole diterpenes, 8,21‐dehydro‐17‐hydroxyeujindole (I) and 8,21‐dehydro‐17,20‐epoxy‐eujindole (II), are isolated from the extract of E.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Monofluorinated Isofagomine Analogues and Evaluation as Glycosidase Inhibitors.
Authors: Yang Yi , Zheng Feng , Bols Mikael , Marinescu Lavinia G. , Qing Feng‐Ling
Published: October 2011

Isomer (III) is found to be a potent inhibitor against β‐glucosidase.
ChemInform Abstract: Benzoic Acid Allopyranosides and Lignan Glycosides from the Twigs of Keteleeria evelyniana.
Authors: He Wen Jun , Fu Zhao Hui , Han Hong Jin , Yan He , Zeng Guang Zhi , Ji Chang Jiu , Chu Hong Biao , Zhang Yu Mei , Tan Ning Hua
Published: October 2011

Three new benzoic acid allopyranosides (I) and four new lignan glycosides (II)—(IV) are isolated along with five known compounds from the twigs of the Chinese conifer mentioned above.
ChemInform Abstract: Penicitrinols F—I, New Citrinin Derivatives from the Marine‐Derived Fungus Penicillium citrinum.
Authors: Chen Li , Liu Wei , Huang Kai , Hu Xiao , Fang Zhe‐Xiang , Wu Jiu‐Lin , Zhang Qi‐Qing
Published: October 2011

Penicitrinols I(Ia), H(Ib), G(II), and F(III), are isolated from the title plant along with four known analogues.
ChemInform Abstract: A‐90289 A and B, New Inhibitors of Bacterial Translocase I, Produced by Streptomyces sp. SANK 60405
Authors: Fujita Yoko , Kizuka Masaaki , Funabashi Masanori , Ogawa Yasumasa , Ishikawa Tomio , Nonaka Koichi , Takatsu Toshio
Published: October 2011

isolation, structural elucidation and biological activity
ChemInform Abstract: Unexpectedly Convenient and Stereoselective Synthesis of 4α‐Acyloxy‐2‐chloropodophyllotoxins in the Presence of BF3·Et2O.
Authors: Xu Hui , Xiao Xiao , Zhao Xue‐Fei , Guo Yong , Yao Xiao‐Jun
Published: October 2011

Due to the bulky C‐1 substituent and in the presence of boron trifluoride etherate, O‐acylation of 2‐chloropodophyllotoxin (I) proceeds stereoselectively with retention of the configuration at C‐9.
ChemInform Abstract: Dinapinones, Novel Inhibitors of Triacylglycerol Synthesis in Mammalian Cells, Produced by Penicillium pinophilum FKI‐3864.
Authors: Ohte Satoshi , Matsuda Daisuke , Uchida Ryuji , Nonaka Kenichi , Masuma Rokuro , Omura Satoshi , Tomoda Hiroshi
Published: October 2011

Dinapinone A (I) is isolated from the culture broth of title fungus as a mixture of the atropisomers.
ChemInform Abstract: Solution Chemistry Synthesis of Intermetallic Gold—Lithium Nanoparticles.
Authors: Bondi James F. , Schaak Raymond E.
Published: October 2011

Colloidal Au3Li nanoparticles are prepared by reacting Au nanoparticles (obtained by reduction of HAuCl4 with oleylamine; diphenyl ether, ultrasound, 30 min) with a solution of BuLi in diphenyl ether (reflux, 75 min).
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Dimensional Nanostructures of Ferroelectric Perovskites
Authors: Roervik Martin , Grande Tor , Einarsrud Mari‐Ann
Published: October 2011

Review: 202 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Dioxazaborocanes: Old Adducts, New Tricks.
Authors: Bonin Helene , Delacroix Thomas , Gras Emmanuel
Published: October 2011

Review: synthesis, structure, properties, and use in the preparation of aryl fluorides, allenes, propargylic alcohols, cycloadducts, and cross coupling products; 149 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Vesicular Monoamine Transporters: Structure‐Function, Pharmacology, and Medicinal Chemistry
Authors: Wimalasena Kandatege
Published: October 2011

Review: 168 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Merging the Best of Two Worlds: Artificial Metalloenzymes for Enantioselective Catalysis
Authors: Ringenberg Mark R. , Ward Thomas R.
Published: October 2011

Review: 61 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Anion Induced Capsular Self‐Assemblies
Authors: Arunachalam M. , Ghosh Pradyut
Published: October 2011

Review: 99 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structure, Chemical Reactivity, and Practical Significance of 2‐Amino‐4H‐pyrans
Authors: Litvinov Yuri M. , Shestopalov Anatoliy M.
Published: October 2011

Review: ca. 250 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Strategies Towards Clay‐Based Designer Catalysts for Green and Sustainable Catalysis
Authors: Zhou Chun Hui
Published: October 2011

Review: 152 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Researches on Cheeses Ripening in Animal Skin
Authors: Kalit Milna Tudor , Kalit Samir , Havranek Jasmina
Published: October 2011

Review: 25 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition Metal Catalyzed Manipulation of Non‐Polar Carbon—Hydrogen Bonds for Synthetic Purpose
Authors: Murai Shinji
Published: October 2011

Review: 94 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Recognition with Linear Molecules as Receptors
Authors: Zhu Yuan‐Yuan , Wang Gui‐Tao , Li Zhan‐Ting
Published: October 2011

Review: 107 refs.
Comparison of the adsorption of thin zirconium and titanium oxides films on the 6H‐SiC(0001) surface
Authors: Idczak K. , Skiścim M. , Markowski L.
Published: October 2011

In this work, adsorption of Ti and Zr on the 6H‐SiC(0001) surface under the oxygen pressure of about 5×10−6 Pa was studied. The topography, the chemical composition and the thermal stability were investigated using the X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The results show that deposition of titanium oxide onto the SiC surface results in island growth (Volmer–Weber type), which was clearly seen on STM images, whereas Zr oxides adsorb, rather uniformly, in an almost layer‐by‐layer mode. XPS study shows that titanium occurs in different oxidation states, while in case of Zr metallic and dioxide components dominate. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Experimental and Theoretical Studies of the Potential Interconversion of the Amine–Borane iPr2NH·BH(C6F5)2 and the Aminoborane iPr2N=B(C6F5)2 Involving Hydrogen Loss and Uptake
Authors: Robertson Alasdair P. M. , Whittell George R. , Staubitz Anne , Lee Kajin , Lough Alan J. , Manners Ian
Published: October 2011

The amine–borane adduct iPr2NH·BH(C6F5)2 (1) and the aminoborane iPr2N=B(C6F5)2 (2) have been prepared and crystallographically characterised. Interconversion between the two compounds has been attempted using thermal and transition‐metal‐catalysed dehydrogenation and hydrogenation protocols and the overall reaction thermodynamics were probed by computational methods. Thermal dehydrogenation of 1 was found to yield 2, together with uncharacterised by‐products. Treatment of 1 with the carbene 1,3‐di‐tert‐butyl‐4,5‐dihydroimidazol‐2‐ylidene (3) under ambient conditions did not lead to the elimination of hydrogen, but instead to the loss of C6F5H to afford iPr2N=B(H)C6F5 (4). Attempts to hydrogenate aminoborane 2 were unsuccessful with no reaction observed either thermally or in the presence of transition‐metal catalysts. A computational study of the interconversion between compounds 1 and 2 indicated a thermodynamically unfavourable hydrogenation reaction, which was inverse to that demonstrated for the analogous phosphane–borane/phosphanylborane pair, iPr2PH·BH(C6F5)2 (5) and iPr2P–B(C6F5)2 (6). The contrasting reactivity was attributed to the different N–B and P–B π‐bond strengths in 2 and 6, respectively.
Experimental Characterization and Numerical Modeling of PEMFC Stacks Designed for Different Application Fields
Authors: Jannelli E. , Minutillo M. , Perna A.
Published: October 2011

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is regarded as a potential future power technology for stationary and mobile applications due to its high efficiency (full and partial load), rapid start‐up, high power density, and low emissions.

Depending on their particular application field (decentralized combined heat and power production, uninterrupted power supplies (UPS), or mobile applications) different operating conditions and designing parameters are required and different performance can be expected.

Thus, the aim of this paper is to investigate the behavior and performance of two stacks of the same size, developed with a different approach according to their application sectors.

The first PEMFC stack is designed for UPS units or mobile purpose, the second one, is designed to supply heat and power in residential applications (CHP units).

The analysis of the stacks behavior has been carried out by using both experimental and numerical investigations.

Experimental results have allowed: (i) to characterize the stacks; (ii) to calibrate the numerical model; (iii) to supply useful data for setting and improving the control system.
Inhibitory effects of IL‐6 on IGF‐1 activity in skeletal myoblasts could be mediated by the activation of SOCS‐3
Authors: Al‐Shanti Nasser , Stewart Claire E.
Published: October 2011

In elderly people, low and high levels of insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), respectively, are well documented and may contribute to reduced muscle mass and poor muscle function of ageing and suggesting a biological interactions between IGF‐1 and IL‐6. However, the dual effect of IGF‐1/IL‐6 on skeletal muscle differentiation and proliferation has not been fully investigated. We therefore hypothesised that IL‐6 impairs the biological activity of IGF‐1 in skeletal muscle through inhibiting its signalling pathways, ERK1/2 and Akt. Our aim was to examine the combined effects of these factors on models of muscle wasting, with objectives to examine skeletal muscle differentiation and proliferation using the murine C2 skeletal muscle cell line. Cells were cultured with DM, IGF‐1 and IL‐6 alone (control treatments), or co‐cultured with IGF‐1/IL‐6. Co‐incubation of C2 cells in IGF‐1 plus IL‐6 resulted in maximal cell death (22 ± 4%; P < 0.005) compared with control treatments (14 ± 2.9%). This was also confirmed by cyclin D1 expression levels in co‐incubation treatments (7 ± 3.5%; P < 0.05) compared with control treatments (∼23%). The expression levels of myogenic‐specific transcriptional factor mRNAs (myoD and myogenin) were also significantly (P < 0.005) reduced by 70% and 90%, respectively, under the co‐incubation regimes, compared with control treatments. Signalling investigations showed significant phosphorylation reduction by 20%, (P < 0.05) of ERK1/2 and Akt in co‐incubation treatments relative to either treatment alone. Expression studies for SOCS‐3 (1.6‐fold ± 0.08, P < 0.05) and IRS‐1 (0.65‐fold ± 0.13 P < 0.005) mRNAs showed significant elevation and reduction for both genes, respectively, in co‐treatments relative to control treatments. These data may suggest that IL‐6 exerts its inhibitory effects on IGF‐1 signalling pathways (ERK1/2 and Akt) through blocking its receptor substrate IRS‐1 by SOCS‐3. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 923–933, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
JCV agnoprotein‐induced reduction in CXCL5/LIX secretion by oligodendrocytes is associated with activation of apoptotic signaling in neurons
Authors: Merabova Nana , Kaminski Rafal , Krynska Barbara , Amini Shohreh , Khalili Kamel , Darbinyan Armine
Published: October 2011

An indispensable role for oligodendrocytes in the protection of axon function and promotion of neuronal survival is strongly supported by the finding of progressive neuron/axon degeneration in human neurological diseases that affect oligodendrocytes. Imaging and pathological studies of the CNS have shown the presence of neuroaxonal injury in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a demyelinating disease of the CNS, resulting from destruction of oligodendrocytes upon productive replication of the pathogenic neurotropic polyomavirus JC. Here, we examined the extracellular factors involved in communication between oligodendrocytes and neurons. Culturing cortical neurons with conditioned medium (CM) from rat CG4 oligodendrocytic cells that express the JCV agnoprotein showed that CXCL5/LIX, which is a chemokine closely related to the human CXCL5/ENA78 and CXCL6/GCP‐2 chemokines, is essential for neuronal cell survival. We found that in CM from agnoprotein‐producing CG‐4 cells level of CXC5/LIX is decreased compared to control cells. We also demonstrated that a reduced expression of CXCL5/LIX by CG4 GFP‐Agno cells triggered a cascade of signaling events in cortical neurons. Analysis of mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPK) and glycogen synthase kinase (GSK3) pathways showed that they are involved in mechanisms of neuronal apoptosis in response to the depletion of CXCL5/LIX signaling. These data suggest that agnoprotein‐induced dysregulation of chemokine production by oligodendrocytes may contribute to neuronal/axonal injury in the pathogenesis of PML lesions. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 3119–3127, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Performance of an online translation tool when applied to patient educational material
Authors: Khanna Raman R. , Karliner Leah S. , Eck Matthias , Vittinghoff Eric , Koenig Christopher J. , Fang Margaret C.
Published: October 2011

BACKGROUND:

Language barriers may prevent clinicians from tailoring patient educational material to the needs of individuals with limited English proficiency. Online translation tools could fill this gap, but their accuracy is unknown. We evaluated the accuracy of an online translation tool for patient educational material.

METHODS:

We selected 45 sentences from a pamphlet available in both English and Spanish, and translated it into Spanish using GoogleTranslate™ (GT). Three bilingual Spanish speakers then performed a blinded evaluation on these 45 sentences, comparing GT‐translated sentences to those translated professionally, along four domains: fluency (grammatical correctness), adequacy (information preservation), meaning (connotation maintenance), and severity (perceived dangerousness of an error if present). In addition, evaluators indicated whether they had a preference for either the GT‐translated or professionally translated sentences.

RESULTS:

The GT‐translated sentences had significantly lower fluency scores compared to the professional translation (3.4 vs 4.7, P < 0.001), but similar adequacy (4.2 vs 4.5, P = 0.19) and meaning (4.5 vs 4.8, P = 0.29) scores. The GT‐translated sentences were more likely to have any error (39% vs 22%, P = 0.05), but not statistically more likely to have a severe error (4% vs 2%, P = 0.61). Evaluators preferred the professional translation for complex sentences, but not for simple ones.

DISCUSSION:

When applied to patient educational material, GT performed comparably to professional human translation in terms of preserving information and meaning, though it was slightly worse in preserving grammar. In situations where professional human translations are unavailable or impractical, online translation may someday fill an important niche. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2011. © 2011 Society of Hospital Medicine
Determination of cystic duct patency using hepatobiliary MRI with gadoxetate disodium: Is T1 precontrast imaging necessary?
Authors: Corwin Michael T. , Karam Adib R. , Baker Stephen P. , Kim Young H.
Published: October 2011

Purpose:

To determine the need for precontrast T1‐weighted imaging in determining cystic duct patency using hepatobiliary phase imaging with gadoxetate disodium‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Materials and Methods:

MRI exams using gadoxetate disodium from October 4, 2008 to April 14, 2010 were reviewed in a retrospective fashion. Two reviewers independently reviewed only the 20‐minute T1‐weighted delayed postcontrast images to determine the presence of excreted contrast in the gallbladder lumen. Contrast was deemed present if hyperintense signal material was seen in the antidependent portion of the gallbladder lumen. The actual presence of contrast in the gallbladder was determined by directly comparing the pre‐ and postcontrast T1‐weighted images using consensus review.

Results:

In all, 187 cases were included. Three (1.6%) were deemed indeterminate due to complete homogeneous opacification of the gallbladder. All three cases were identified as indeterminate by both reviewers. Of the remaining 184 cases, 136 filled (74%) and 48 did not fill (26%). Both reviewers correctly identified 136/136 cases of gallbladder filling. Reviewer A identified 47/48 cases of nonfilling and reviewer B identified 46/48 cases of nonfilling. Sensitivity and specificity were 100% and 98% for reviewer A and 100% and 96% for reviewer B, respectively.

Conclusion:

The presence of excreted contrast in the gallbladder lumen can be determined using gadoxetate disodium‐enhanced MRI without precontrast T1‐weighted imaging. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2011;35:601‐606. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Muscle tissue atrophy, extramuscular and intramuscular fat accumulation, and fat gradient after delayed repair of the supraspinatus tendon: A comparative study in the rabbit
Authors: Trudel Guy , Ryan Stephen E. , Rakhra Kawan , Uhthoff Hans K.
Published: October 2011

To investigate the atrophy of supraspinatus (SSP) muscle tissue and accumulation of extramuscular fat (e‐fat) and intramuscular fat (i‐fat) after delayed repair of the SSP tendon, and to correlate CT findings with histology. One SSP tendon of 36 rabbits was transected, then repaired in groups of 12 at 4, 8, or 12 weeks and then followed for 12 weeks. Thirty‐six normal shoulders served as controls. We compared the SSP muscle, e‐fat weights and volumes, muscle tissue and i‐fat areas on histology, e‐fat and attenuation values on CT between the experimental and control shoulders. CT‐to‐histology correlations were run. SSP muscle tissue atrophy, e‐fat and i‐fat accumulation were present after tendon repair delayed by 4, 8, or 12 weeks (all p < 0.05). Both e‐fat and i‐fat accumulation presented increasing proximal‐to‐distal gradients (both p < 0.05). CT depicted the muscle tissue atrophy, e‐fat and i‐fat accumulation, and increasing proximal‐to‐distal gradients (all p < 0.05). We found strong CT‐to‐histology correlations (p < 0.05). SSP muscles showed tissue atrophy, e‐fat and i‐fat accumulation after successful SSP tendon repairs delayed by 4, 8, or 12 weeks. Subtracting i‐fat from the muscle area determined the SSP muscle tissue atrophy. Increasing proximal‐to‐distal fat gradients were diagnostic if not pathognomonic of an initial SSP tendon disruption. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:781–786, 2012