bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Seismic Strengthening Technique for Reinforced Concrete Columns Using Sprayed FRP
Authors: Lee Kang , Lee Bang , Seo Soo
Published: March 2016

Conventional methods for seismic retrofitting of concrete columns include reinforcement with steel plates or steel frame braces, as well as cross-sectional increments and in-filled walls. However, these methods have some disadvantages, such as the increase in mass and the need for precise construction. Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) sheets for seismic strengthening of concrete columns using new light-weight composite materials, such as carbon fiber or glass fiber, have been developed, have excellent durability and performance, and are being widely applied to overcome the shortcomings of conventional seismic strengthening methods. Nonetheless, the FRP-sheet reinforcement method also has some drawbacks, such as the need for prior surface treatment, problems at joints, and relatively expensive material costs. In the current research, the structural and material properties associated with a new method for seismic strengthening of concrete columns using FRP were investigated. The new technique is a sprayed FRP system, achieved by mixing chopped glass and carbon fibers with epoxy and vinyl ester resin in the open air and randomly spraying the resulting mixture onto the uneven surface of the concrete columns. This paper reports on the seismic resistance of reinforced concrete columns controlled by shear strengthening using the sprayed FRP system. Five shear column specimens were designed, and then strengthened with sprayed FRP by using different combinations of short carbon or glass fibers and epoxy or vinyl ester resins. There was also a non-strengthened control specimen. Cyclic loading tests were carried out, and the ultimate load carrying capacity and deformation were investigated, as well as hysteresis in the lateral load-drift relationship. The results showed that shear strengths and deformation capacities of shear columns strengthened using sprayed FRP improved markedly, compared with those of the control column. The spraying FRP technique developed in this study can be practically and effectively used for the seismic strengthening of existing concrete columns.
Complex Human Activity Recognition Using Smartphone and Wrist-Worn Motion Sensors
Authors: Shoaib Muhammad , Bosch Stephan , Incel Ozlem , Scholten Hans , Havinga Paul
Published: March 2016

The position of on-body motion sensors plays an important role in human activity recognition. Most often, mobile phone sensors at the trouser pocket or an equivalent position are used for this purpose. However, this position is not suitable for recognizing activities that involve hand gestures, such as smoking, eating, drinking coffee and giving a talk. To recognize such activities, wrist-worn motion sensors are used. However, these two positions are mainly used in isolation. To use richer context information, we evaluate three motion sensors (accelerometer, gyroscope and linear acceleration sensor) at both wrist and pocket positions. Using three classifiers, we show that the combination of these two positions outperforms the wrist position alone, mainly at smaller segmentation windows. Another problem is that less-repetitive activities, such as smoking, eating, giving a talk and drinking coffee, cannot be recognized easily at smaller segmentation windows unlike repetitive activities, like walking, jogging and biking. For this purpose, we evaluate the effect of seven window sizes (2–30 s) on thirteen activities and show how increasing window size affects these various activities in different ways. We also propose various optimizations to further improve the recognition of these activities. For reproducibility, we make our dataset publicly available.
Fabrication of ZnO Nanowires Arrays by Anodization and High-Vacuum Die Casting Technique, and Their Piezoelectric Properties
Authors: Kuo Chin-Guo , Chang Ho , Wang Jian-Hao
Published: March 2016

In this investigation, anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) with arrayed and regularly arranged nanopores is used as a template in the high-vacuum die casting of molten zinc metal (Zn) into the nanopores. The proposed technique yields arrayed Zn nanowires with an aspect ratio of over 600. After annealing, arrayed zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires are obtained. Varying the anodizing time yields AAO templates with thicknesses of approximately 50 μm, 60 μm, and 70 μm that can be used in the fabrication of nanowires of three lengths with high aspect ratios. Experimental results reveal that a longer nanowire generates a greater measured piezoelectric current. The ZnO nanowires that are fabricated using an alumina template are anodized for 7 h and produce higher piezoelectric current of up to 69 pA.
Evaluating Emergency Response Solutions for Sustainable Community Development by Using Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Group Decision Making Approaches: IVDHF-TOPSIS and IVDHF-VIKOR
Authors: Zhang Junling , Hegde Gajanan , Shang Jennifer , Qi Xiaowen
Published: March 2016

Emergency management is vital in implementing sustainable community development, for which community planning must include emergency response solutions to potential natural and manmade hazards. To help maintain such solution repository, we investigate effective fuzzy multi-criteria group decision making (FMCGDM) approaches for the complex problems of evaluating alternative emergency response solutions, where weights for decision makers and criteria are unknown due to problem complexity. We employ interval-valued dual hesitant fuzzy (IVDHF) set to address decision hesitancy more effectively. Based on IVDHF assessments, we develop a deviation maximizing model to compute criteria weights and another compatibility maximizing model to calculate weights for decision makers. Then, two ideal-solution-based FMCGDM approaches are proposed: (i) by introducing a synthesized IVDHF group decision matrix into TOPSIS, we develop an IVDHF-TOPSIS approach for fuzzy group settings; (ii) when emphasizing both maximum group utility and minimum individual regret, we extend VIKOR to develop an IVDHF-VIKOR approach, where the derived decision makers’ weights are utilized to obtain group decision matrix and the determined criteria weights are integrated to reflect the relative importance of distances from the compromised ideal solution. Compared with aggregation-operators-based approach, IVDHF-TOPSIS and IVDHF-VIKOR can alleviate information loss and computational complexity. Numerical examples have validated the effectiveness of the proposed approaches.
European Framework for the Diffusion of Biogas Uses: Emerging Technologies, Acceptance, Incentive Strategies, and Institutional-Regulatory Support
Authors: Capodaglio Andrea , Callegari Arianna , Lopez Maria
Published: March 2016

Biogas will constitute a significant fraction of future power supply, since it is expected to contribute a large share of the EU renewable energy targets. Biogas, once produced, can be combusted in traditional boilers to provide heat, or to generate electricity. It can be used for the production of chemical compounds, or fed into a pipeline. This review paper will briefly analyze the current most promising emerging biogas technologies in the perspective of their potential uses, environmental benefits, and public acceptance; draw a picture of current conditions on the adoption of a biogas road map in the several EU Member States; analyze incentive and support policy implementation status and gaps; discuss non-technological barriers; and summarize proposed solutions to widen this energy’s use.
Acid Fermentation Process Combined with Post Denitrification for the Treatment of Primary Sludge and Wastewater with High Strength Nitrate
Authors: Kurniawan Allen , Kwon Se , Shin Jung-Hun , Hur Jin , Cho Jinwoo
Published: March 2016

In this study, an anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR), combined with a post denitrification process, was applied to treat primary sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant and wastewater with a high concentration of nitrate. The production of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) was maximized with a short hydraulic retention time in the acid fermentation of the ABR process, and then the produced VFAs were supplied as an external carbon source for the post denitrification process. The laboratory scale experiment was operated for 160 days to evaluate the VFAs’ production rate, sludge reduction in the ABR type-acid fermentation process, and the specific denitrification rate of the post denitrification process. As results, the overall removal rate of total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD), total suspended solids (TSS), and total nitrogen (TN) were found to be 97%, 92%, 73%, respectively, when considering the influent into ABR type-acid fermentation and effluent from post denitrification. We observed the specific VFAs production rate of 0.074 gVFAs/gVSS/day for the ABR type-acid fermentation, and an average specific denitrification rate of 0.166 gNO3−-N/gVSS/day for the post denitrification. Consequently, we observed that a high production of VFAs from a primary sludge, using application of the ABR type acid fermentation process and the produced VFAs were then successfully utilized as an external carbon source for the post denitrification process, with a high removal rate of nitrogen.
La valeur juridique du Code maritime international des marchandises dangereuses (Code IMDG). Evolution et perspectives du point de vue de son application
Authors: Khodjet El Khil Lilia
Published: March 2016

La persistance d'accidents maritimes mettant en cause des marchandises dangereuses ou polluantes pose la question de l'efficacité de la réglementation existante. A cet égard, la doctrine a mis en avant le concept de soft law ou « droit mou », auquel a été imputée la « souplesse » que s'accordent les Etats dans la mise en œuvre des règles. Des critiques en ce sens ont été portées au Code maritime international des marchandises dangereuses (Code IMDG) qui réglemente le transport des marchandises dangereuses en colis. A l'heure où celui-ci quitte le statut de « droit mou » pour acquérir celui de « droit dur », par son incorporation dans une convention maritime, il faut nous interroger sur la pertinence de cette distinction comme facteur explicatif de l'ineffectivité du droit relatif à la sécurité de la navigation. Nous constaterons que c'est moins le changement de statut du Code en lui-même que l'organisation de contrôles quant à sa mise en œuvre - que ce changement autorise par ailleurs - qui garantira le respect des règles qu'il contient.
miR-544a Promotes Breast Cancer Cell Migration and Invasion Reducing Cadherin 1 Expression
Authors: Lu Pengwei , Gu Yuanting , Li Lin , Wang Fang , Qiu Xinguang
Published: March 2016

Accumulating evidence has reported the significant role of miRNAs in the underlying biology of tumors, including breast cancer. The purpose for this study was to investigate the potential effects of miR-544a in breast cancer migration and invasion. The human normal breast Hs578Bst cells
and the human breast cancer MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells were used to analyze the expression of miR-544a by RT-PCR. The effects of miR-544a on the two kinds of breast cancer cell migration and invasion were analyzed using the Matrigel and Transwell assay, respectively. miR-544a expression on
the cell metastasis-related protein expression was also analyzed using Western blotting. Compared to the normal Hs578Bst cells, miR-544a was significantly downregulated in MCF-7 cells but was upregulated in MDA-MB-231 cells (p < 0.01). The overexpressed miR-544a significantly
promotes the migrated and invaded MCF-7 cells (p < 0.05), which was opposite to that in MCA-MB-231 cells (p < 0.05). Moreover, the cadherin 1 (CDH1) expression was negatively correlated to miR-544a expression in the two kinds of cells. Our study
suggested that the overexpressed miR-544a may be a promoter for breast cancer migration and invasion by targeting CDH1.
A Dynamic Speech Comprehension Test for Assessing Real-World Listening Ability
Authors: Best Virginia , Keidser Gitte , Freeston Katrina , Buchholz Jörg M.
Published: March 2016

Background:Many listeners with hearing loss report particular difficulties with multitalker communication situations, but these difficulties are not well predicted using current clinical and laboratory assessment tools.Purpose:The overall aim of this work is to create
new speech tests that capture key aspects of multitalker communication situations and ultimately provide better predictions of real-world communication abilities and the effect of hearing aids.Research Design:A test of ongoing speech comprehension introduced previously was extended
to include naturalistic conversations between multiple talkers as targets, and a reverberant background environment containing competing conversations. In this article, we describe the development of this test and present a validation study.Study Sample:Thirty listeners with normal
hearing participated in this study.Data Collection and Analysis:Speech comprehension was measured for one-, two-, and three-talker passages at three different signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs), and working memory ability was measured using the reading span test. Analyses were conducted
to examine passage equivalence, learning effects, and test‐retest reliability, and to characterize the effects of number of talkers and SNR.Results:Although we observed differences in difficulty across passages, it was possible to group the passages into four equivalent sets.
Using this grouping, we achieved good test‐retest reliability and observed no significant learning effects. Comprehension performance was sensitive to the SNR but did not decrease as the number of talkers increased. Individual performance showed associations with age and reading span
score.Conclusions:This new dynamic speech comprehension test appears to be valid and suitable for experimental purposes. Further work will explore its utility as a tool for predicting real-world communication ability and hearing aid benefit.
Hearing Benefit and Rated Satisfaction in Children with Unilateral Conductive Hearing Loss Using a Transcutaneous Magnetic-Coupled Bone-Conduction Hearing Aid
Authors: Polonenko Melissa J. , Carinci Lora , Gordon Karen A. , Papsin Blake C. , Cushing Sharon L.
Published: March 2016

Background:Bilateral hearing is important for learning, development, and function in complex everyday environments. Children with conductive and mixed hearing loss (HL) have been treated for years with percutaneous coupling through an abutment, which achieves powerful output,
but the implant site is susceptible to skin reactions and trauma. To overcome these complications, transcutaneous magnetic coupling systems were recently introduced.Purpose:The purpose of the study was to evaluate whether the new transcutaneous magnetic coupling is an effective coupling
paradigm for bone-conduction hearing aids (BCHAs). We hypothesized that magnetic coupling will (1) have limited adverse events, (2) provide adequate functional gain, (3) improve spatial hearing and aid listening in everyday situations, and (4) provide satisfactory outcomes to children and
their families given one normal hearing ear.Research Design:Retrospective analysis of audiological outcomes in a tertiary academic pediatric hospital.Study Sample:Nine children aged 5‐17 yr with permanent unilateral conductive HL (UCHL) or mixed HL were implanted with
a transcutaneous magnet‐retained BCHA. Average hearing thresholds of the better and implanted ears were 12.3 ± 11.5 dB HL and 69.1 ± 11.6 dB HL, respectively, with a 59.4 ± 4.8 dB (mean ± standard deviation) conductive component.Data Collection and Analysis:Data
were extracted from audiology charts of the children with permanent UCHL or mixed HL who qualified for a surgically retained BCHA and agreed to the magnetic coupling. Outcomes were collected from the 3- to 9-mo follow-up appointments, and included surgical complications, aided audiometric
thresholds with varying magnet strength, speech performance in quiet and noise, and patient-rated benefit and satisfaction using questionnaires. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to analyze audiometric outcomes, and nonparametric tests were used to evaluate rated benefit and
satisfaction.Results:All nine children tolerated the device and only one child had discomfort at the wound site. Similar access to sound was achieved regardless of magnet strength. Speech performance did not significantly improve in quiet or noise conditions with +10 and +5 dB signal-to-noise
ratio. Children benefited from spatially separating the noise from the speech signal, regardless of whether the noise was directed to the implanted or better ear. When wearing the BCHA, the children reported satisfaction and significant implant benefit, particularly in background noise, but
at the expense of increased aversiveness to sound.Conclusions:Our findings, therefore, indicate that providing a transcutaneous magnetic-coupled BCHA to children who have UCHL or mixed HL provides benefit on some objective measures of bilateral hearing, as well as some subjective benefit
in noise and everyday situations.
A FUZZY MULTI-OBJECTIVE MODEL AND APPLICATION FOR THE DISCRETE DYNAMIC TEMPORARY FACILITIES LOCATION PLANNING PROBLEM
Authors: XU Jiuping , LIU Qiurui , LEI Xiao
Published: March 2016

The location of temporary facilities on construction sites is essential to the enhancement of productivity and safety, but it is complex due to the unique issues associated with construction. To positively contribute to the dynamic construction site layout planning field, this paper proposes a new fuzzy multi-objective decision making model. The proposed hybrid optimization model utilizes fuzzy numbers and logic to represent the closeness relationship between temporary facilities. The two main phases presented represent a specific advance in knowledge in through: (1) an opti­mization model that considers both uncertainty and dynamic elements; (2) the application of this optimization to a spe­cial project. A multi-objective simulated annealing-based genetic algorithm (MOSA-based GA) is proposed to solve the model and the case of Jinping-II hydroelectric station is studied to evaluate the model’s performance. The computational study was carried out to demonstrate the practicality and efficiency of the proposed optimization method. The study is applicable and useful to the profession.
INVESTIGATION OF INFLUENCE OF NANO-REINFORCEMENT ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS
Authors: KONONOVA Olga , KRASNIKOVS Andrejs , STONYS Rimvydas , SAHMENKO Genadijs , VITOLS Renars
Published: March 2016

The present work studies the possibility to decrease the formation of micro and nano cracks around short fibres in fibre-reinforced concrete (FRC) composite with the help of nano-reinforcement, which is carbon nanotubes, or micro reinforcement, which is carbon short fibres and nano-fillers. Tensile and bending strength of FRC depends on the spatial distribution of fibres inside a material, type of fibre and cement matrix, as well as an effective micromechanical work of each fibre while pulling out of the concrete matrix. Shrinkage stresses, acting in the matrix in the vicinity of a fibre, lead to the formation of micro-cracks. Such micro-cracks were observed experimentally and were investigated numerically performing broad modelling based on the finite element method (FEM). The investigation was focused on the micromechanical behaviour of a single steel fibre in a cement matrix. Numerical modelling results demonstrated a high level of shrinkage overstresses around steel fibres in concrete. The role of nano and micro admixtures, nanotubes, short carbon fibres as well as the role of water/cement ratio in a high performance concrete matrix, changing (increasing or decreasing) the friction force between the matrix and the steel fibre, were investigated experimentally by way of per­forming a single fibre pull-out tests. The high scatters of experimental results were obtained in performed pull-out tests. At the same time, for the same series of samples, a positive role of micro and nano admixtures and carbon nanotubes in the increase of pull-out force was recognised.
STRUCTURAL FORMATION AND LEACHING BEHAVIOR OF MECHANICALLY ACTIVATED LIGNITE FLY ASH BASED GEOPOLYMER
Authors: MUCSI Gábor , SZENCZI Ágnes , MOLNÁR Zoltán , LAKATOS János
Published: March 2016

Geopolymers are inorganic polymers which can be produced by the reaction of aluminium silicate oxides and alkaline silicates in an alkaline medium. Nowadays, silicate bearing wastes, such as fly ash or slag and other byproducts of power stations are very common raw materials for geopolymers. In our research a lignite type fly ash was mechanically activated in a high energy density mill (HEM) for different retention time, and geopolymer specimens were produced from these materials. After determining the optimal fly ash fineness, the concentration and composition of the alkaline activator solution were also investigated. The highest compressive strength was reached using fly ash with 2 m2/g specific surface area, activated with a mixture of Na-K silicate (water glass) and naoh solution. The total dosage of alkaline activators to the fly ash was 40 m/m%, the naoh activator of 12 M solution represented 25 m/m%, while Na-K silicate 75 m/m%. Then, the leaching properties of the main components and the mobility of toxic elements of the produced geopolymers were tested in distilled water, 1M acetic acid and 1M hydrochloric acid as well. The lowest mobility of the elements was obtained in most cases by the activator containing 100m/m% Na-K silicate solution (water glass) using the mechanically activated fly ash.
THE IMPACT OF THE OXIDISING AGENT TYPE AND COAGULANT TYPE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COAGULATION IN THE REMOVAL OF POLLUTANTS FROM UNDERGROUND WATER WITH AN INCREASED CONTENT OF ORGANIC SUBSTANCES
Authors: KRUPIŃSKA Izabela
Published: March 2016

The article presents the results of studies concerning the impact of the method of Fe(II) ion oxidisation on the effectiveness of coagulation in the removal of pollutants from underground water with an increased content of organic substances (TOC up to 5.338mgC/dm3). In order to oxidise the Fe (II) ions before the coagulation process, the underground water was subjected to aeration, or either potassium manganate (VII) or hydrogen peroxide were dosed in the stoichiometric amount in view of the concentration of Fe (II). The efficiencies of three coagulants were compared: that of aluminium sulphate (VI), polyaluminium chloride (PAX XL-60) and iron (III) sulphate (VI) – PIX-112. Coagulant doses expressed in mgal/dm3 or mgfe/dm3 and changed within the range of 1 to 6 mgal(Fe)/dm3. Volume coagulation was performed in 1-dm3 groundwater samples using 1-minute rapid mix (250 rpm) and 25-minute slow mix (30 rpm) followed by 2-hour sedimentation. It has been proven that the type of oxidising agent and coagulant, as well as their dose, co-determines the effectiveness of the removal of the pollutants. Among the used methods of iron (II) oxidisation, the best effects have been achieved by potassium manganate (VII) with regards to the effects of the reduction of colour, turbidity, concentration of manganese and organic substances, and with regards to the extent of total iron removal, oxidisation with dissolved oxygen was the most effective solution. Hydrogen peroxide was the least useful oxidising agent. Regardless of the oxidising agent the best results in the removal of pollutants in the coagulation process were produced by the coagulant: pre-hydrolysed polyaluminium chloride PAX XL-60, and the worst by the iron coagulant: iron (III) sulphate (VI). Analysis of the results of the studies also showed that the effectiveness of pollutant removal from the underground water in the coagulation process was decreased together with an increase in the value of the TOC/Fetot only in the case of water samples which, after aeration, differed in terms of the coefficient of organic substances and total iron (D). Such a relationship was not found when potassium manganate (VII) and hydrogen peroxide were used for oxidisation before the coagulation process.
TRIO OF STELLAR OCCULTATIONS BY PLUTO ONE YEAR PRIOR TO NEW HORIZONS’ ARRIVAL
Authors: Pasachoff Jay M. , Person Michael J. , Bosh Amanda S. , Sickafoose Amanda A. , Zuluaga Carlos , Kosiarek Molly R. , Levine Stephen E. , Osip David J. , Schiff Avery , Seeger Christina H. , Babcock Bryce A. , Rojo Patricio , Servajean Elise
Published: March 2016

We observed occultations by Pluto during a predicted series of events in 2014 July with the 1 m telescope of the Mt. John Observatory in New Zealand. The predictions were based on updated astrometry obtained in the previous months at the USNO, CTIO, and Lowell Observatories. We successfully detected occultations by Pluto of an R = 18 mag star on July 23 (14:23:32 ± 00:00:04 UTC to 14:25:30 ± 00:00:04 UTC), with a drop of 75% of the unocculted stellar signal, and of an R = 17 star on July 24 (11:41:30 ± 00:00:08 UTC to 11:43:28 ± 00:00:08 UTC), with a drop of 80% of the unocculted stellar signal, both with 20 s exposures with our frame-transfer Portable Occultation, Eclipse, and Transit System. Since Pluto had a geocentric velocity of 22.51 km s−1 on July 23 and 22.35 km s−1 on July 24, these intervals yield limits on the chord lengths (surface and lower atmosphere) of 2700 ± 130 km and 2640 ± 250 km, respectively, indicating that the events were near central, and therefore provide astrometric constraints on the prediction method. Our coordinated observations with the 4 m AAT in Australia on July 23 and the 6.5 m Magellan/Clay on Las Campanas, the 4.1 m Southern Astrophysical Research Telescope on Cerro Pachön, the 2.5 m DuPont on Las Campanas (LCO), the 0.6 m SARA-South on Cerro Tololo of the Southeastern Association for Research in Astronomy (SARA), the MPI/ESO 2.2 m on La Silla, and the 0.45 m Cerro Calán telescope and 0.36 telescope in Constitución in Chile on July 27 and 31, which would have provided higher-cadence observations for studies of Pluto’s atmosphere, were largely foiled by clouds, but led to detection with the LCO Magellan/Clay and DuPont Telescopes on July 31 of the grazing occultation of a previously unknown 15th-magnitude star, completing the trio of occultations successfully observed and reported in this paper.
FIRST RESULTS FROM THE RAPID-RESPONSE SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC CHARACTERIZATION OF NEAR-EARTH OBJECTS USING UKIRT
Authors: Mommert M. , Trilling D. E. , Borth D. , Jedicke R. , Butler N. , Reyes-Ruiz M. , Pichardo B. , Petersen E. , Axelrod T. , Moskovitz N.
Published: March 2016

Using the Wide Field Camera for the United Kingdom Infrared Telescope (UKIRT), we measure the near-infrared colors of near-Earth objects (NEOs) in order to put constraints on their taxonomic classifications. The rapid-response character of our observations allows us to observe NEOs when they are close to the Earth and bright. Here we present near-infrared color measurements of 86 NEOs, most of which were observed within a few days of their discovery, allowing us to characterize NEOs with diameters of only a few meters. Using machine-learning methods, we compare our measurements to existing asteroid spectral data and provide probabilistic taxonomic classifications for our targets. Our observations allow us to distinguish between S-complex, C/X-complex, D-type, and V-type asteroids. Our results suggest that the fraction of S-complex asteroids in the whole NEO population is lower than the fraction of ordinary chondrites in the meteorite fall statistics. Future data obtained with UKIRT will be used to investigate the significance of this discrepancy.
THE MILKY WAY’S HOT GAS KINEMATICS: SIGNATURES IN CURRENT AND FUTURE O vii ABSORPTION LINE OBSERVATIONS
Authors: Miller Matthew J. , Hodges-Kluck Edmund J. , Bregman Joel N.
Published: March 2016

Detections of

0 oxygen absorption and emission lines indicate the Milky Way hosts a hot (

K), low-density plasma extending

into the Mily Way’s halo. Current X-ray telescopes cannot resolve the line profiles, but the variation of their strengths on the sky constrains the radial gas distribution. Interpreting the O vii Kα absorption line strengths has several complications, including optical depth and line of sight velocity effects. Here, we present model absorption line profiles accounting for both of these effects to show the lines can exhibit asymmetric structures and be broader than the intrinsic Doppler width. The line profiles encode the hot gas rotation curve, the net inflow or outflow of hot gas, and the hot gas angular momentum profile. We show how line of sight velocity effects impact the conversion between equivalent width and the column density, and provide modified curves of growth accounting for these effects. As an example, we analyze the LMC sight line pulsar dispersion measure and O vii equivalent width to show the average gas metallicity is

and b

km s−1. Determining these properties offers valuable insights into the dynamical state of the Milky Way’s hot gas, and improves the line strength interpretation. We discuss future strategies to observe these effects with an instrument that has a spectral resolution of about 3000, a goal that is technically possible today.
MAGiiCAT IV. KINEMATICS OF THE CIRCUMGALACTIC MEDIUM AND EVIDENCE FOR QUIESCENT EVOLUTION AROUND RED GALAXIES
Authors: Nielsen Nikole M. , Churchill Christopher W. , Kacprzak Glenn G. , Murphy Michael T. , Evans Jessica L.
Published: March 2016

The equivalent widths of

absorption in the circumgalactic medium (CGM) trace the global star formation rate up to z < 6, are larger for star-forming galaxies than passively evolving galaxies, and decrease with increasing distance from the galaxy. We delve further into the physics involved by investigating gas kinematics and cloud column density distributions as a function of galaxy color, redshift, and projected distance from the galaxy (normalized by galaxy virial radius, D/R
vir). For 39 isolated galaxies at 0.3 < z
gal < 1.0, we have detected

absorption in high-resolution (Δv ≃ 6.6 km s−1) spectra of background quasars within a projected distance of 7 < D < 190 kpc. We characterize the absorption velocity spread using pixel-velocity two-point correlation functions. Velocity dispersions and cloud column densities for blue galaxies do not differ with redshift nor with D/R
vir. This suggests that outflows continually replenish the CGM of blue galaxies with high velocity dispersion, large column density gas out to large distances. Conversely, absorption hosted by red galaxies evolves with redshift where the velocity dispersions (column densities) are smaller (larger) at z
gal < 0.656. After taking into account larger possible velocities in more massive galaxies, we find that there is no difference in the velocity dispersions or column densities for absorption hosted by red galaxies with D/R
vir. Thus, a lack of outflows in red galaxies causes the CGM to become more quiescent over time, with lower velocity dispersions and larger column densities toward lower z
gal. The quenching of star formation appears to affect the CGM out to D/R
vir = 0.75.
PECULIAR VELOCITY CONSTRAINTS FROM FIVE-BAND SZ EFFECT MEASUREMENTS TOWARD RX J1347.5−1145 WITH MUSIC AND BOLOCAM FROM THE CSO
Authors: Sayers Jack , Zemcov Michael , Glenn Jason , Golwala Sunil R. , Maloney Philip R. , Siegel Seth R. , Wheeler Jordan , Bockstiegel Clint , Brugger Spencer , Czakon Nicole G. , Day Peter K. , Downes Thomas P. , Duan Ran P. , Gao Jiansong , Hollister Matthew I. , Lam Albert , LeDuc Henry G. , Mazin Benjamin A. , McHugh Sean G. , Miller David A. , Mroczkowski Tony K. , Noroozian Omid , Nguyen Hien T. , Radford Simon J. E. , Schlaerth James A. , Vayonakis Anastasios , Wilson Philip R. , Zmuidzinas Jonas
Published: March 2016

We present Sunyaev-Zel’dovich (SZ) effect measurements from wide-field images toward the galaxy cluster RX J1347.5−1145 obtained from the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory with the Multiwavelength Submillimeter Inductance Camera at 147, 213, 281, and 337 GHz and with Bolocam at 140 GHz. As part of our analysis, we have used higher frequency data from Herschel–SPIRE and previously published lower frequency radio data to subtract the signal from the brightest dusty star-forming galaxies behind RX J1347.5−1145 and from the AGN in RX J1347.5−1145’s BCG. Using these five-band SZ effect images, combined with X-ray spectroscopic measurements of the temperature of the intra-cluster medium (ICM) from Chandra, we constrain the ICM optical depth to be

and the ICM line of sight peculiar velocity to be

km s−1. The errors for both quantities are limited by measurement noise rather than calibration uncertainties or astrophysical contamination, and significant improvements are possible with deeper observations. Our best-fit velocity is in good agreement with one previously published SZ effect analysis and in mild tension with the other, although some or all of that tension may be because that measurement samples a much smaller cluster volume. Furthermore, our best-fit optical depth implies a gas mass slightly larger than the Chandra-derived value, implying the cluster is elongated along the line of sight.
RAPID OPTIMAL SPH PARTICLE DISTRIBUTIONS IN SPHERICAL GEOMETRIES FOR CREATING ASTROPHYSICAL INITIAL CONDITIONS
Authors: Raskin Cody , Owen J. Michael
Published: March 2016

Creating spherical initial conditions in smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations that are spherically conformal is a difficult task. Here, we describe two algorithmic methods for evenly distributing points on surfaces that when paired can be used to build three-dimensional spherical objects with optimal equipartition of volume between particles, commensurate with an arbitrary radial density function. We demonstrate the efficacy of our method against stretched lattice arrangements on the metrics of hydrodynamic stability, spherical conformity, and the harmonic power distribution of gravitational settling oscillations. We further demonstrate how our method is highly optimized for simulating multi-material spheres, such as planets with core–mantle boundaries.
M DWARF FLARE CONTINUUM VARIATIONS ON ONE-SECOND TIMESCALES: CALIBRATING AND MODELING OF ULTRACAM FLARE COLOR INDICES*
Authors: Kowalski Adam F. , Mathioudakis Mihalis , Hawley Suzanne L. , Wisniewski John P. , Dhillon Vik S. , Marsh Tom R. , Hilton Eric J. , Brown Benjamin P.
Published: March 2016

We present a large data set of high-cadence dMe flare light curves obtained with custom continuum filters on the triple-beam, high-speed camera system ULTRACAM. The measurements provide constraints for models of the near-ultraviolet (NUV) and optical continuum spectral evolution on timescales of ≈1 s. We provide a robust interpretation of the flare emission in the ULTRACAM filters using simultaneously obtained low-resolution spectra during two moderate-sized flares in the dM4.5e star YZ CMi. By avoiding the spectral complexity within the broadband Johnson filters, the ULTRACAM filters are shown to characterize bona fide continuum emission in the NUV, blue, and red wavelength regimes. The NUV/blue flux ratio in flares is equivalent to a Balmer jump ratio, and the blue/red flux ratio provides an estimate for the color temperature of the optical continuum emission. We present a new “color–color” relationship for these continuum flux ratios at the peaks of the flares. Using the RADYN and RH codes, we interpret the ULTRACAM filter emission using the dominant emission processes from a radiative-hydrodynamic flare model with a high nonthermal electron beam flux, which explains a hot, T ≈ 104 K, color temperature at blue-to-red optical wavelengths and a small Balmer jump ratio as observed in moderate-sized and large flares alike. We also discuss the high time resolution, high signal-to-noise continuum color variations observed in YZ CMi during a giant flare, which increased the NUV flux from this star by over a factor of 100.
DETECTION OF AN ATMOSPHERE AROUND THE SUPER-EARTH 55 CANCRI E
Authors: Tsiaras A. , Rocchetto M. , Waldmann I. P. , Venot O. , Varley R. , Morello G. , Damiano M. , Tinetti G. , Barton E. J. , Yurchenko S. N. , Tennyson J.
Published: March 2016

We report the analysis of two new spectroscopic observations in the near-infrared of the super-Earth 55 Cancri e, obtained with the WFC3 camera on board the Hubble Space Telescope. 55 Cancri e orbits so close to its parent star that temperatures much higher than 2000 K are expected on its surface. Given the brightness of 55 Cancri, the observations were obtained in scanning mode, adopting a very long scanning length and a very high scanning speed. We use our specialized pipeline to take into account systematics introduced by these observational parameters when coupled with the geometrical distortions of the instrument. We measure the transit depth per wavelength channel with an average relative uncertainty of 22 ppm per visit and find modulations that depart from a straight line model with a 6σ confidence level. These results suggest that 55 Cancri e is surrounded by an atmosphere, which is probably hydrogen-rich. Our fully Bayesian spectral retrieval code,

-REx, has identified HCN to be the most likely molecular candidate able to explain the features at 1.42 and 1.54 μm. While additional spectroscopic observations in a broader wavelength range in the infrared will be needed to confirm the HCN detection, we discuss here the implications of such a result. Our chemical model, developed with combustion specialists, indicates that relatively high mixing ratios of HCN may be caused by a high C/O ratio. This result suggests this super-Earth is a carbon-rich environment even more exotic than previously thought.
Gouverner par le temps
Authors: Blanck Julie
Published: March 2016

Cet article analyse comment des acteurs font du temps une ressource stratégique, dans le cadrage de la gestion des déchets radioactifs. Des acteurs parviennent à maintenir un projet technique contesté en jouant avec des temporalités multiples aux niveaux cognitif et organisationnel. Ainsi, pour sortir du blocage le projet de stockage profond, ils en modifient le cadrage temporel, créent un calendrier législatif, avec une phase de recherche indépendante du projet industriel et mènent un changement institutionnel. Mais ce nouveau cadrage politique reste subordonné au cadrage technique initial rendu invisible. Au lieu d’une alternance, ces deux cadrages coexistent, dans des sphères différentes, publiques ou confinées. Et ce maintien discret du cadrage technique permet d’expliquer le renforcement dans le temps du verrouillage technologique autour du stockage.
Vers une reformulation antagonique de la lutte pour la reconnaissance
Authors: Epstein Charlotte , Lindemann Thomas
Published: March 2016

Les articles réunis dans ce dossier sont presqu’intégralement le fruit d’un workshop international organisé au CERI en juin 2014. Prenant comme point de départ un engagement critique envers la littérature de la reconnaissance, notre propos était de revenir sur les traces de l’Hegel de la Phénoménologie de l’esprit pour reformuler le concept de la lutte pour la reconnaissance. Ce retour nous offre un approfondissement des concepts contemporains de la reconnaissance très largement influencés par une conception consensuelle dans la littérature classique malgré l’accentuation de la reconnaissance comme lutte à l’instar d’Axel Honneth. Centré sur ce retour antagonique de la conception originale d’Hegel, ce workshop réunissait des philosophes, des politistes, des théoriciens du social et des Relations internationales ainsi que des sociologues et des juristes. Dans cet article, nous introduisons des contributions diverses et suggèrerons comment des conversations au-delà des frontières disciplinaires sont susceptibles de reformuler le concept de reconnaissance et de préparer son utilisation dans les analyses critiques des phénomènes politiques et sociaux prenant davantage en compte ses dimensions antagoniques et actionnelles.
Notes-dessins et dessins-récits
Authors: Kepplinger-Prinz Christoph , Pektor Katharina
Published: March 2016

La contribution porte sur la pratique du dessin comme procédé de prise de notes chez Peter Handke, de 1975 jusqu’au début des années quatre-vingt-dix. L’étude commence par les premières esquisses et leur emploi intensif en 1978. Elle présente une chronologie de leur évolution et offre ensuite un classement synchronique des cinq formes de cette « notation par dessin » : petites esquisses, profils, évocations mémorielles, paysages et panoramas, lettres ornementales. La recherche s’appuie sur les carnets de Handke conservés aux Archives littéraires allemandes à Marbach et à la Bibliothèque nationale d’Autriche ; une sélection en est présentée dans l’iconographie de notre contribution.
Du papier à la pensée chez Charles S. Peirce : le cas d’une tache
Authors: Vogel Jérôme
Published: March 2016

L’enquête porte sur la dimension graphique de la pensée chez le philosophe américain Charles S. Peirce (1839-1914). Si l’on a déjà bien exploré les aspects logique et mathématique du système diagrammatique inventé par Peirce, celui des « Graphes Existentiels », on a en revanche été peu sensible à la forme concrète de ce dispositif dans les manuscrits de l’auteur. L’examen de cette forme, de son élaboration sémiotique et des questions philosophiques qu’elle soulève révèle notamment l’importance de la notion d’interface dans les diagrammes peircéens. Pour la démontrer, je retrace à travers les manuscrits le fil d’une discussion occasionnée par une tache d’encre venue noircir le carnet de Peirce un jour de 1894, puis j’analyse la pertinence de cette discussion relativement aux Graphes Existentiels.
Entre esquisse et brouillon, le primo pensiero
Authors: Boubli Lizzie
Published: March 2016

Cet article examine les possibilités d’interprétation d’un processus inclus dans une génétique du dessin, qu’on peut appeler le primo pensiero, c’est-à-dire le stade initial de l’esquisse. Il est discuté à partir de quelques exemples choisis dans le dessin du xvie siècle italien et il démontre les possibilités d’équivalence avec le brouillon dans le champ de la génétique littéraire. Toute la difficulté est de savoir si le primo pensiero peut à lui tout seul inclure toutes les phases du brouillon ou s’il n’en constitue qu’une partie.
Analysis of Feedback Retrial Queue with Starting Failure and Server Vacation
Authors: Thiyagarajan K. Sathiya , Ayyappan G.
Published: March 2016

In this chapter we discusses a batch arrival feedback retrial queue with Bernoulli vacation, where the server is subjected to starting failure. Any arriving batch finding the server busy, breakdown or on vacation enters an orbit. Otherwise one customer from the arriving batch enters a service immediately while the rest join the orbit. After the completion of each service, the server either goes for a vacation with probability or may wait for serving the next customer. Repair times, service times and vacation times are assumed to be arbitrarily distributed. The time dependent probability generating functions have been obtained in terms of their Laplace transforms. The steady state analysis and key performance measures of the system are also studied. Finally, some numerical illustrations are presented.
Analysis of Two-Echelon Inventory System with Direct and Retrial Demands
Authors: K. Krishnan
Published: March 2016

In this Chapter, the author considers a continuous review inventory system (both perishable and non-perishable) with Markovian demand. The operating policies are (s, S) and (0,M) policy, that is the maximum inventory level at lower echelon is Sand whenever the inventory drops to s, an order for Q(= S - s) units is placed at the same time in the higher echelon, the maximum inventory level is fixed as M(= nQ: n = 1, 2, ….) and has an instantaneous replenishment facility from an abundant supply source. The demands that occur directly to the distribution centre are called direct demands. The arrival process for the direct demand follows Poisson process. The demand process to the retailer node is independent to the direct demand process and follows Poisson process. The demands that occur during stock out period are enter into the orbit of finite size. The joint probability distribution of the inventory level at lower echelon, higher echelon and the number of customer in the orbit is obtained in the steady state case.
Operations Research in Healthcare Supply Chain Management Under Fuzzy-Stochastic Environment
Authors: Priyan S. , Uthayakumar R
Published: March 2016

Operations research is for mankind in almost all aspects of our life. Applying the scientific method to the management of organizations, industry, government and other enterprises play a vital role in OR. It is used to increase productivity, to improve customer service, to improve quality and to reduce costs. Healthcare has attracted a great attention of governments in order to provide sufficient health services to the people. The provision of healthcare is very complicated and very responsible, that the right drug to the right people at the right time and in good condition to fight the disease. Today, the importance and significance of planning in healthcare can hardly be over emphasized when providing proper and adequate service continues to be a key concern of most countries. Operations research provides a wide range of methodologies that can help health care systems to significantly improve their operations. It helps to solve approximately all the problems involved in healthcare with its useful modeling techniques.
Hierarchic control for a coupled parabolic system
Authors: Hernández-Santamaría Víctor , de Teresa Luz , Poznyak Alexander
Published: March 2016

In this paper we study a Stackelberg–Nash strategy to control systems of coupled linear parabolic partial differential equations. We assume that we can act on the system through several controls called
followers
, intended to solve a Nash multi-objective equilibrium, and a single
leader
control satisfying a null controllability objective. We obtain the existence and uniqueness of the Nash equilibrium, its characterization and the optimal leader control satisfying the null controllability problem.
The GOME-2 instrument on the Metop series of satellites: instrument design, calibration, and level 1 data processing – an overview
Authors: Munro Rosemary , Lang Rüdiger , Klaes Dieter , Poli Gabriele , Retscher Christian , Lindstrot Rasmus , Huckle Roger , Lacan Antoine , Grzegorski Michael , Holdak Andriy , Kokhanovsky Alexander , Livschitz Jakob , Eisinger Michael
Published: March 2016

Abstract. The Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) flies on the Metop series of satellites, the space component of the EUMETSAT Polar System. In this paper we will provide an overview of the instrument design, the on-ground calibration and characterization activities, in-flight calibration, and level 0 to 1 data processing. The current status of the level 1 data is presented and points of specific relevance to users are highlighted. Long-term level 1 data consistency is also discussed and plans for future work are outlined. The information contained in this paper summarizes a large number of technical reports and related documents containing information that is not currently available in the published literature. These reports and documents are however made available on the EUMETSAT web pages and readers requiring more details than can be provided in this overview paper will find appropriate references at relevant points in the text.