bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A TWO-STEPS RADIOMETRIC CORRECTION OF SPOT-4 MULTISPECTRAL AND MULTITEMPORAL FOR SEAMLESS MOSAIC IN CENTRAL KALIMANTAN
Authors: Kustiyo . , Dewanti Ratih , Sari Inggit Lolita
Published: January 2018

This research analyzed the radiometric correction method using SPOT-4 imageries to produce the same reflectance for the same land cover. Top of Atmosphere (TOA) method was applied in previous radiometric correction approach, this TOA approach was upgraded with the reflectance effect from difference satellite viewing angle. The 250 scene of Central Kalimantan SPOT-4 imageries from 2006 until 2012 with varies viewing angle was used. This research applied two-step approaches, the first step is TOA correction, and the second step is normalization using a linear function of reflectance and satellite viewing angle. Gain and offset coefficient of this linear function was calculated using an iterative approach to producing the same reflectance in the forest area. The target of iterative processed is to minimize the standard deviation of a digital number from a forest area in the selected region. The result shows that the standard deviation of a digital number from a forest area in the two steps approach are 8.6, 16.5, and 16.8 for band 1, band 3 and band 4. These values are smaller compared with the standard deviation of digital number result from TOA approach are 15.0, 28,3 and 34.7 for band 1, band 3 and band 4.  Decreasing the standard deviation shows the homogeneity of forest reflectance that could be seen in the seamless result. This algorithm can be applied for making seamless SPOT-4 mosaic whole of Indonesia.
EVALUATION OF MANGROVE DAMAGE LEVEL BASED ON LANDSAT 8 IMAGE
Authors: Winarso Gathot , Purwanto Anang D.
Published: January 2018

Monitoring of mangrove damage in Java requires special attention because the mangrove vegetation has been under pressure from various other land uses which are considered more productive. This paper applied quick-mangrove-damage-detection technique using Landsat 8. The purpose of this study is to develop mangrove damage identification algorithm using Landsat 8. The findings from field survey in Segara Anakan-Cilacap show that major mangrove logging generates the growth of minor mangrove, specifically Derris and Acanthus type; the minor mangrove cover area is categorized as high density based on NDVI value. The index use does not meet the actual condition in the field. This study proposes a new index as mangrove quality indicator. The new proposed mangrove index is derived from 2 bands that could differentiate mangrove vegetation where different digital number of two bands is higher from mangrove forest than non-mangrove forest. That phenomenon is caused the low of SWIR spectral on mangrove forest due to absorption by wet soil below the mangrove forest where flooded in high tide.  The new mangrove index is formulated as (NIR – SWIR / NIR x SWIR) x 10000. The new mangrove index has good correlation with density of major mangrove in the field, and also good correlation with mangrove degradation map. Mangrove index has been functioning properly and can be applied in Segara Anakan, Cilacap and potentially can be applied in other locations.
DETECTION OF FOREST FIRE, SMOKE SOURCE LOCATIONS IN KALIMANTAN DURING THE DRY SEASON FOR THE YEAR 2015 USING LANDSAT 8 FROM THE THRESHOLD OF BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURE ALGORITHM
Authors: Kustiyo . , Dewanti Ratih , Lolitasari Inggit
Published: January 2018

Almost every dry season, there are large forest/land fires in several regions in Indonesia, especially in Kalimantan and Sumatra in the dry season of August to September 2015 a forest fire in 6 provinces namely West Kalimantan, Central Kalimantan, South Kalimantan, Riau, Jambi, and South Sumatra. Even some parties proposed that the Government of Indonesia declares them as a national disaster. The low-resolution remote sensing data have been widely used for monitoring the occurrence of forest/land fires (hotspots), and mapping of  burnt scars. The hotspot detection was done by utilizing the data of NOAA-AVHRR and MODIS data which have a lower spatial resolution (1 km). In order to increase the level of detail and accuracy of product information, this research is done by using Landsat 8 TIRS (Thermal Infrared Sensor) band which has a greater spatial resolution of 100 m. The purpose of this research is to find and to determine the threshold value of the brightness temperature of the TIRS data to identify the source of fire smoke. The data used is the Landsat 8 of several parts of Borneo during the period of 24 August to 18 September 2015 recorded by the LAPAN's receiving station. Landsat - 8 TIRS band was converted into brightness temperature in degrees Celsius, then dots in a region that is considered the source of the smoke if the temperature of each pixel in the region > 43oC, and given the attributes with the highest temperatures of the pixels in the region. The source of the smoke was obtained through visual interpretation of the objects in the multispectral Natural Color Composite (NCC) and True Color Composite (TCC) images. Analysis of errors (commission error) is obtained by comparing the temperature detected by TIRS band with a visual appearance of the source of the smoke. The result of the experiment showed that there were detected 9 scenes with high temperatures over 43oC from the 27 scenes Kalimantan Landsat 8 data, which include 153 sites. The accuracy (commission error) of identification results using temperature ≥ 51°C is 0%, temperature ≥ 47°C is 10%, and temperature ≥ 43°C is 30.5%.
OZONE VARIABILITY AND OZONE DEPLETING SUBSTANCES (ODS) IN INDONESIA BASED ON MLS-AURA DATA
Authors: Komala Ninong , Ambarsari Novita
Published: January 2018

Research and characterizing the ozone profiles and Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS) in Indonesia is a satellite data-based research activities. The aim of the study was to obtain the characteristics of ozone in Indonesia as well as the contribution of ODS to the variability of ozone. By performing a data inventory based on satellite data, analyze the pattern of annual, seasonal and perform linkage analysis of the contribution of ODS changes to the conditions of ozone. Daily data of vertical profiles of ozone and  in the form of volume mixing ratio (vmr) with format HDF (Hierarchical Data Format) is extracted to the territory of Indonesia to take parameters as latitude, longitude, and concentration. Then converted to Excel format with the help of data processing software of MATLAB. Results obtained in the form of ozone characteristics in Indonesia, the percentage of contribution to the variability of ozone also contribution to the variability of ozone in Indonesia in several levels of height. By using Microwave Limb Sounders (MLS) AURA satellite data in the period of 2005 to 2013 characteristics of monthly vertical profiles of ozone in Indonesia has been obtained. The ODS studied were ClO and BrO. Peak of vertical profiles of ozone occurs at a pressure of 10 hPa or altitude of 25.9 km. ClO peak occurs at a pressure of 2.1 hPa or altitude of 30.6 km and BrO reached the peak at 14 hPa or altitude of 24.5 km. When ClO and BrO reach a maximum concentration at stratosphere then ozone molecules is potentially damaging or decrease in the stratosphere. Temporal variations of ozone showed decrease when  ODS concentrations increased (particularly ClO and BrO). Linear regression of ozone with ozone showed a negative correlation coefficient which indicates there is a strong relationship between ozone concentrations decline in pressure of 14 hPa when BrO reach the maximum. Likewise for ClO which also showed a negative correlation with the decrease in ozone concentration. ClO contribution to the decreasing of ozone in Indonesia was marked by every addition of 0.01 ppb ClO will reduce ozone of  0.00583 ppm (5.83 ppb). While any increase of  0.01 ppb of BrO will decrease 0.03 ppb of ozone.
COMPARING ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION METHODS FOR LANDSAT OLI DATA
Authors: Dewi Esthi Kurnia , Trisakti Bambang
Published: January 2018

Landsat data used for monitoring activities to land cover because it has spatial resolution and high temporal. To monitor land cover changes in an area, atmospheric correction is needed to be performed in order to obtain data with precise digital value picturing current condition. This study compared atmospheric correction methods namely Quick Atmospheric Correction (QUAC), Dark Object Subtraction (DOS) and Fast Line-of-sight Atmospheric Analysis of Spectral Hypercubes (FLAASH). The correction results then were compared to Surface Reflectance (SR) imagery data obtained from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) satelite. The three atmospheric correction methods were applied to Landsat OLI data path/row126/62 for 3 particular dates. Then, sample on vegetation, soil and bodies of water (waterbody) were retrieved from the image. Atmospheric correction results were visually observed and compared with SR sample on the absolute value, object spectral patterns, as well as location and time consistency. Visual observation indicates that there was a contrast change on images that had been corrected by using FLAASH method compared to SR, which mean that the atmospheric correction method was quite effective. Analysis on the object spectral pattern, soil, vegetation and waterbody of images corrected by using FLAASH method showed that it was not good enough eventhough the reflectant value differed greatly to SR image. This might be caused by certain variables of aerosol and atmospheric models used in Indonesia. QUAC and DOS made more appropriate spectral pattern of vegetation and water body than spectral library. In terms of average value and deviation difference, spectral patterns of soil corrected by using DOS was more compatible than QUAC.
IDENTIFICATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF FOREST TYPES USING DATA LANDSAT 8 IN KARO, DAIRI, AND SAMOSIR DISTRICTS, NORTH SUMATRA
Authors: Noviar Heru , Kartika Tatik
Published: January 2018

Forests have important roles in terms of carbon storage and other values. Various studies have been conducted to identify and distinguish the forest from non-forest classes. Several forest types classes such as secondary forests and plantations should be distinguished related to the restoration and rehabilitation program for dealing with climate change. The study was carried out to distinguish several classes of important forests such as the primary dryland forests, secondary dryland forest, and plantation forests using Landsat 8 to develop identification techniques of specific forests classes. The study areas selected were forest areas in three districts, namely Karo, Dairi, and Samosir of North Sumatera Province. The results showed that using composite RGB 654 of Landsat 8 imagery based on test results OIF for the forest classification, the forests could be distinguished with other land covers. Digital classification can be combined with the visual classification known as a hybrid classification method, especially if there are difficulties in border demarcation between the two types of forest classes or two classes of land covers.
DETERMINATION OF FOREST AND NON-FOREST IN SERAM ISLAND MALUKU PROVINCE USING MULTI-YEAR LANDSAT DATA
Authors: Kartika Tatik , Carolita Ita , Manalu Johannes
Published: January 2018

Seram Island is one of the islands in Maluku Province. Forest in Seram Island still exists because there is Manusela National Park, but they should be monitored. The forest and non-forest information is usually obtained through the classification process from single remote sensing data, but in certain places in Indonesia it is difficult enough to get  single Landsat data with cloud free, so annual mosaic was used. The aim of this research was to analyze the stratification zone, their indices and thresholds to get spatial information of annual forest area in Seram Island using multi-year Landsat Data. The method consists of four stages: 1) analyzing the base probability result for determination of stratification zone 2) determining the annual forest probability by applying indices from stage-I, 3) determining the spatial information of forest and non-forest annual phase-I by searching the lowest boundary of forest probability, and 4) determining the spatial information of forest and non-forest annual phase-II using the method of permutation of three data and multi-year forest rules. The results of this study indicated that Seram Island  could be coumpond into one stratification zone with three indices. The index equations were B2+B3-2B for index-1, B3+B4 for index-2, and -B3+B4 for index-3.   The threshold  of  index 1, 2, and 3 ranged between -60 and 0, 61 and 104, and 45 and 105, respectively. The lowest boundary  of forest probability in Seram Island since 2006 to 2012 have a range between 46% and 60%. The last result was the annual forest spatial information phase II where the missing data on the forest spatial information phase I decreased. The information is very important to analyze forest area change, especially in Seram Island.
TIME SERIES ANALYSIS OF TOTAL SUSPENDED SOLID (TSS) USING LANDSAT DATA IN BERAU COASTAL AREA, INDONESIA
Authors: Parwati Ety , Purwanto Anang Dwi
Published: January 2018

Water quality information is usually used for the first examination of the pollution.  One of the parameters of water quality is Total Suspended Solid (TSS), which describes the amount of matter of particles suspended in the water. TSS information is also used as initial information about waters condition of a region. TSS could be derive from Landsat data with several combinations of spectral channels to evaluate the condition of the observation area for both the waters and the surrounding land. The study aimed to evaluate Berau waters condition in Kalimantan, Indonesia, by utilizing TSS dynamics extracted from Landsat data. Validated TSS extraction algorithm was obtained by choosing the best correlation between  field data and image data. Sixty pairs of points had been used to build validated TSS algorithms for the Berau Coastal area. The algorithm was TSS = 3.3238 * exp (34 099 * Red Band Reflectance). The data used for this study were Landsat 5 TM, Landsat 7 ETM and Landsat 8 data acquisition in 1994, 1996, 1998, 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008 and 2013. For detailed evaluation, 20 regions were created along the watershed up to the coast. The results showed the fluctuation of TSS values in each selected region. TSS value increased if there was a change of any kind of land cover/land used into bareland, ponds, settlements or shrubs. Conversely, TSS value decreased if there was a wide increase of mangrove area or its position was very closed to the ocean.
A COMPARISON OF OBJECT-BASED AND PIXEL-BASED APPROACHES FOR LAND USE/LAND COVER CLASSIFICATION USING LAPAN-A2 MICROSATELLITE DATA
Authors: Nugroho Jalu Tejo , Zylshal . , Sari Nurwita Mustika , Kushardono Dony
Published: January 2018

In recent years, small satellite industry has been a rapid trend and become important especially when associated with operational cost, technology adaptation and the missions. One mission of LAPAN-A2, the 2nd generation of microsatellite that developed by Indonesian National Institute of Aeronautics and Space (LAPAN), is Earth observation using digital camera that provides imagery with 3.5 m spatial resolution. The aim of this research is to compare between object-based and pixel-based classification of land use/land cover (LU/LC) in order to determine the appropriate classification method in LAPAN-A2 dataprocessing (case study Semarang, Central Java).The LU/LC were classified into eleven classes, as follows: sea, river, fish pond, tree, grass, road, building 1, building 2, building 3, building 4 and rice field. The accuracy of classification outputs were assessed using confusion matrix. The object-based and pixel-based classification methods result for overall accuracy are 31.63% and 61.61%, respectively. According to accuracy result, it was thought that blurring effect on LAPAN-A2 data may be the main cause ofaccuracy decrease. Furthermore, the result is suggested to use pixel-based classification to be applied inLAPAN-A2 data processing.
VERIFICATION OF PISCES DISSOLVED OXYGEN MODEL USING IN SITU MEASUREMENT IN BIAK, ROTE, AND TANIMBAR SEAS, INDONESIA
Authors: Tussadiah Armyanda , Subandriyo Joko , Novita Sari , Pranowo Widodo Setyo
Published: January 2018

Dissolved oxygen (DO) is one of the most chemical primary data in supported life for marine organisms. Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Republic of Indonesia through Infrastructure Development for Space Oceanography (INDESO) Project provides dissolved oxygen data services in Indonesian Seas for 7 days backward and 10 days ahead (9,25 km x 9.25 km, 1 daily). The data based on Biogeochemical model (PISCES) coupled with hydrodynamic model (NEMO), with input data from satellite acquisition. This study investigated the performance and accuracy of dissolved oxygen from PISCES model, by comparing with the measurement in situ data in Indonesian Seas specifically in three outermost islands of Indonesia (Biak Island, Rote Island, and Tanimbar Island). Results of standard deviation values between in situ DO and model are around two (St.dev ± 2). Based on the calculation of linear regression between in situ DO with the standard deviation obtained a high determinant coefficient, greater than 0.9 (R2 ≥ 0.9). Furthermore, RMSE calculation showed a minor error, less than 0.05. These results showed that the equation of the linear regression might be used as a correction equation to gain the verified dissolved oxygen.
Relación del apoyo social y la calidad de vida en personas con cáncer
Authors: Coyotl Erika , Morales Francisco A. , Xicali Noé , Torres Alejandro , Villegas Mª Del Socorro , Tenahua Inés , De León Ali , Antonio María T. , Arrioja Graciela
Published: January 2018

Objetivo: Describir el apoyo social de las personas que padecen cáncer y la relación con la calidad de vida. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo correlacional de alcance transversal, muestreo no probabilístico, en 132 personas diagnosticadas con cáncer, a quienes se les aplicó el cuestionario de Apoyo Social en Pacientes con Cáncer y el instrumento de Evaluación Subjetiva de la Calidad de Vida. Resultados: La edad promedio de los adultos con cáncer fue de 50.49 años ± 13.65, predomino el género femenino (76%). Los tipos de cáncer, fueron cáncer de mama (40%), cáncer cervicouterino (19%), otros tipos de cáncer (41%). El 65% estuvo con tratamiento de quimioterapia. La media del apoyo social fue 72.51±21.01 y de 66.55±14.64 para la calidad de calidad. El apoyo social y la calidad presentaron una relación débil, (r=.28**, p=.001), positiva y significativa. Conclusión: El cáncer afecta más a mujeres, sobresaliendo el cáncer de mama. Se encontró relación entre el apoyo social y la calidad de vida. Debido muy probablemente a que los adultos se ven fortalecidos por la redes de apoyos social (seguridad social, familiares y amigos), y refieren buena su calidad de vida. Lo que indica que a mayor apoyo social mayor calidad de vida.
Intervenciones positivas en mayores: Ajuste actividad-edad
Authors: Ortega-Martínez Ana Raquel , Ramírez-Fernandez Encarnación
Published: January 2018

El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar qué tipo de actividades positivas se ajustan más a una población de personas mayores considerando los modos específicos de perseguir la felicidad en esta etapa de la vida. Para ello, se realizaron dos intervenciones una basada en gratitud y otra en optimismo para intentar determinar si tienen un efecto diferencial tanto en medidas de bienestar como en medidas del estado emocional de los participantes. Los resultados obtenidos en este trabajo indicaron que una intervención en gratitud produce mejoras en los niveles de ansiedad y depresión, así como un aumento en la dimensión de autoaceptación del bienestar psicológico. Estos efectos no se han obtenido cuando la intervención estuvo basada en un entrenamiento en optimismo. En calidad de vida no se encontraron diferencias entre los dos tipos de intervención, aunque si aparece un aumento en los valores de esta variable tras finalizar las mismas. El principal valor de este trabajo radica en que se trata de un estudio pionero en un ámbito que comienza a vislumbrarse como muy relevante ya que se centra en el conocimiento de qué tipo de actividades positivas se ajustan mejor a cada tipo de población y cuáles son más adecuadas para alcanzar el bienestar y la felicidad.
Nosología y clasificación de los trastornos psicológicos
Authors: Martos Martínez África , Molero Jurado Mª del Mar , Cardila Fernández Fernando , Barragán Martín Ana Belén , Pérez-Fuentes Mª del Carmen , Gázquez Linares José Jesús , Roales-Nieto Jesús Gil
Published: January 2018

El Manual Diagnóstico de los Trastornos Mentales (DSM) y la Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades (CIE) son clasificaciones descriptivas de la conducta anormal, necesarias tanto en psicología como en psiquiatría por ser una guía útil en la práctica clínica. El uso de uno u otro manual, puede derivar en resultados muy distintos. Lo que en un manual es considerado un trastorno, en el otro puede no serlo. Además, las definiciones de estos, así como los criterios en los que se basan, pueden ser diferentes. El objetivo de la presente revisión sistemática es conocer la situación de preferencia actual de ambas nosologías en relación a la selección de una u otra para el diagnóstico de los trastornos mentales, a través del análisis de la clasificación utilizada en los artículos publicados en los últimos años. Para ello se realizó una revisión sistemática en las bases de datos Dialnet, Psicodoc y PsicINFO. Los resultados muestran la dominancia en el diagnóstico del DSM sobre la CIE. En cuanto a la distribución por países, se observa una selección mayoritaria del DSM en los países Iberoamericanos y España. Y en lo referido a la edición de la nosología más usada, destaca la cuarta edición del DSM sobre el resto de ediciones, tanto del DSM como de la CIE. Así, se confirma lo establecido en estudios anteriores donde, la preferencia española se ve marcada por la nosología de la APA.
Influencia del entorno familiar en el desarrollo del sobrepeso y obesidad infantil en Valverde de Leganés
Authors: Martínez Mariana , Rico Sergio , Rodríguez Francisco J. , Gil Guadalupe , Calderón Julián F.
Published: January 2018

La prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad es preocupante en la infancia, ya que se ha producido un aumento en las últimas décadas, estando relacionada no sólo con hábitos alimentarios y la actividad física sino con otros factores de riesgo. El objetivo de este trabajo es conocer la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en escolares y otros determinantes asociados como el nivel educativo de los padres y la percepción que éstos tienen del estado ponderal de sus hijos. Se ha realizado un estudio descriptivo transversal de 83 niños de 6 a 10 años, pertenecientes a dos centros educativos públicos de la localidad de Valverde de Leganés (Badajoz). Se recogieron datos de peso y talla calculando el índice de masa corporal (IMC). Para definir sobrepeso y obesidad se utilizó las tablas de referencia de Sobradillo y cols. Se aplicó un cuestionario donde se recogía información relativa a aspectos de su entorno familiar. Los resultados muestran una prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad del 14.46% y 19.28% respectivamente, no existiendo diferencias entre sexo. No se encontró una asociación entre el nivel educativo de los padres y el IMC de sus hijos y ninguno de los niños que presentaban obesidad fueron percibidos por sus padres como obesos.
Intervención y variables del personal docente y el centro escolar que modulan el rendimiento académico del alumno
Authors: Barragán Martín Ana Belén , Pérez Fuentes Mª del Carmen , Martos Martínez África , Simón Márquez Mª del Mar , Molero Jurado Mª del Mar , Gázquez Linares José Jesús , Martínez Sánchez Antonio , Jerónimo Sánchez-Beato Estefanía
Published: January 2018

En el rendimiento académico intervienen diferentes determinantes que están íntimamente relacionados con los del fracaso escolar, estos factores pueden influir en mayor o menor medida en los resultados obtenidos por los estudiantes. El objetivo principal del presente estudio es analizar la relación entre el fracaso escolar, las estrategias de aprendizaje y el liderazgo docente en relación con el rendimiento académico. Para llevar a cabo este trabajo se ha realizado una revisión en las bases de datos Dialnet, PsycINFO, Psicodoc y Science Direct. Los descriptores utilizados en la búsqueda fueron: rendimiento académico, estrategias de aprendizaje, contexto escolar, motivación, liderazgo docente y fracaso escolar. El rendimiento académico está relacionado con variables predictoras como la violencia entre iguales y los estilos parentales. Igualmente, las estrategias de aprendizaje tienen una gran influencia, destacando el género como una variable que afecta al desarrollo estas, ya que las mujeres realizan un mejor uso de las estrategias de repetición que los hombres. Por tanto, para poder favorecer un buen aprendizaje, es necesario que los docentes adquieran la capacidad de liderazgo, y enseñen a los estudiantes a desarrollar sus propias estrategias de aprendizaje.
An Assessment of Cost of Access to Health Services of Severely Disabled People in Chitwan
Authors: Poudel Chudamani , Baral Ramesh
Published: January 2018

There are many barriers that keep people with disabilities from fully engaging in health care services. This study assessed the direct medical, direct non-medical and indirect cost as well as potential barriers and obstacles that people with spinal cord injury and intellectual disabilities faced in accessing health care services. This study conducted in Chitwan district of Nepal used both quantitative and qualitative information. For quantitative study, structured interview were conducted to assess the cost involved in health care services with 60 persons divided into Physical (spinal cord injury) and intellectual disability. In-depth interviews and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were conducted for qualitative study to find out their experiences regarding barriers, coping strategies and their needs and expectation when accessing health care services.Physical (spinal cord injury) disability accounted 46.67% while 53.33% were intellectual disabled. 48.3% were in poor health and 51.67% in fair health condition. The total mean values of direct medical cost for both types of disability were Rs. 6682.53 in the past six month. The qualitative reports suggest that people with severe disability faces numbers of barriers in accessing health services. This is seen as the key reason for their poor health outcome. High cost incurred in medical services and physical health maintenance, worse socio-economic status, and layers of barriers in accessing health care services were the reason of poorer health outcome and exclusion from the society.Economic Journal of Development Issues Vol. 23&24 No. 1-2, (2017) Combined Issue, Page : 102-112
The Oakling and the Oak: The Tragedy of the Coleridges
Authors: Fadiman Anne
Published: January 2018

The relationship between Samuel Taylor Coleridge and his elder son, Hartley, was close but fraught. Hartley, also a poet, was immortalized at a young age by the poetry of his father and William Wordsworth, burdened by impossible expectations, damaged by his father’s abandonment of his family, and drained by alcoholism. ‘The Oakling and the Oak’ derives its title from an 1833 review of the only book of poetry Hartley published in his lifetime; it praised the verse for embodying ‘no trivial inheritance of his father’s genius’ but also quoted the old saying that ‘the oakling withers beneath the shadow of the oak.’ Using letters by, to, and about Samuel Taylor Coleridge and Hartley as a framework, this chapter takes us inside the emotional life of their relationship and attempts to explain the breach that kept them apart for the last twelve years of Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s life.
Natural Law, National Laws, Parliaments, and Multiple Monarchies: 1707 and Beyond
Authors: Cairns John W
Published: January 2018

This chapter outlines some of the changes in the legal system wrought by the Union. It shows that, prior to 1707, the Scots Parliament had been very active as a legislature, introducing many and significant reforms into Scots law. After the Union, this energetic legislative reforming activity fell away. Indeed, Westminster kept out of Scottish affairs as much as possible, legislating on Scottish affairs, other than revenue, only in response to Scottish lobbying or political crises, such as the Jacobite Rebellions. The chapter locates these developments against the intellectual history of Scots law, paying particular attention to the now rather obscure figure of Sir Francis Grant of Cullen and the way he reveals the typical mentalities of elite and thoughtful Scots lawyers of the period.
Three Unnoticed Scottish Editions of Pieter Burman’s Antiquitatum Romanarum brevis descriptio
Authors: Cairns John W
Published: January 2018

This chapter examines the scholarly connections between Scotland and the Northern Netherlands through discussion of the publication of a Dutch textbook in Edinburgh to serve the needs of students at the university. The publication is scarcely a major episode in Scottish intellectual history. It is this that makes it particularly telling, for it demonstrates how much the Scots of the period operated in the scholarly world of the Netherlands and then propagated its values, not only in publications, but also in the classrooms of the Scottish universities. The impact of important individual works by noted scholars and intellectuals cannot be denied; the day-to-day influence of lesser works, however, was at least as important in propagating ideals, values and accepted knowledge. The textbook discussed here — Burman’s Antiquitatum Romanarum brevis descriptio — may not in itself be important, but its publication and use suggest significant new lines of inquiry in studying the Scottish Enlightenment.
Blackstone, Kahn-Freund, and the Contract of Employment
Authors: Cairns John W
Published: January 2018

This chapter shows the importance of comparative study in legal history. In 1977, the late Sir Otto Kahn-Freund had argued that Blackstone’s Commentaries gave an outdated account of master and servant because he followed in a particular tradition in English law, which led him to deal with the topic as part of the law of persons, rather than of contract. Sir Otto was a noted comparative lawyer, and he drew a contrast with the account of this topic in Pothier. In fact, the comparison was inappropriate; comparison with other institutional writers from France and Scotland shows that their accounts were comparable to those of Blackstone — they all included an account of master and servants in their book on persons.
Rhetoric, Language, and Roman Law: Legal Education and Improvement in Eighteenth-Century Scotland
Authors: Cairns John W
Published: January 2018

This chapter examines how the development of theories of rhetoric affected styles of law teaching in eighteenth-century Scotland, leading to the development of the practice of teaching in the English language rather than in Latin. The transition from Latin to English raised difficulties for the central university legal discipline of Civil Law, which was covered in two courses, one on Justinian's Institutes and the other on Justinian's Digest. The chapter analyses the change to teaching in English, the reaction against it by the Faculty of Advocates, and Professor John Wilde's resumption of teaching the course on the Digest in Latin in the 1790s. It also considers issues arising out of rivalry and competition for students between the professors in the University of Edinburgh and the University of Glasgow and between the university professors and private teachers.
The First Edinburgh Chair in Law: Grotius and the Scottish Enlightenment
Authors: Cairns John W
Published: January 2018

This chapter examines the development of teaching from the chair of Public Law and the Law of Nature and Nations at the University of Edinburgh during the Scottish Enlightenment, with particular emphasis on the intellectual content of the classes and the politics of professorial appointments. For the first half-century, law teaching from the chair was intermittent. However, this does not mean that the holder was incapable or unlearned. When the holder of the chair did teach, the class was based on Hugo Grotius' De iure belli ac pacis libri tres. The chapter first provides an overview of legal education in Scottish universities before profiling the law professors who were appointed to the new chair between 1707 and 1831, including Charles Areskine, William Kirkpatrick, George Abercromby, Robert Bruce, James Balfour, Allan Maconochie, and Robert Hamilton. Robert Bruce was the last holder of the chair to teach Grotius' natural law.
Writing Asystematically: Early Experimental Writings 1970–1979
Authors: Colby Georgina
Published: January 2018

Chapter One examines Acker’s early experiments, written between 1970 and 1979, through the prism of the concerns of the poets associated with L=A=N=G=U=A=G=E. The poets’ collective vision of the social, political, and aesthetic transformative capacities of poetry clearly informed Acker’s practices. Key issues foregrounded in the opening chapter reverberate across Acker’s works: the crisis of the referent; the L=A=N=G=U=A=G=E poets’ attack on the instrumental value of grammatically-centred language under capitalism; and their subsequent understanding of language-centred writing as a poetics of subversion. In its evaluation of Acker’s early writing experiments, ‘Murderer Criminals Join Sunlight’ (1972), ‘Homage to LeRoi Jones’ (1972), ‘Entrance Into Dwelling in Paradise’ (1972), ‘Working Set’ (1972), and ‘Journal Black Cats, Black Jewels’ (1972), the chapter makes a claim for the emergence of perceiver-centred spaces in Acker’s early experiments. The work of Jackson Mac Low is read as an important early influence on Acker. Her early procedural practices of writing through and typographical experimentation are early experiments that are formative to the complex writing practices found in her later works. In this way, Acker’s poetic juvenilia emerge as possessing important co-ordinates for an understanding of her later writing experiments.
Hiatus or Hidden? The Problem of the Missing Scottish Upland Cursus Monuments
Authors: Loveday Roy
Published: January 2018

This paper explores the possibility of cursus monuments being located in upland locations in Britain. These rectangular enclosures date to the Early Neolithic, and are almost all known as cropmark sites in lowland river valley contexts. However, Loveday explores various examples where upland upstanding features such as field banks could have prehistoric origins and easily be misinterpreted. Evidence from three case-study areas in Scotland – Upper Strathearn and Strathtay, Nithsdale, and the Biggar Area – is covered in detail to suggest a context for, and likely location of, possible upland cursus monuments. This is then placed with an upland British context, and the chapter concludes with news of a recent discovery that vindicates the approach of the author.
Sufficiency and Education
Authors: Shields Liam
Published: January 2018

This chapter argues that the principle for sufficient autonomy has important implications for theoretical and practical debates about education. First, it argues that the argument for sufficient autonomy is well placed to justify compulsory education for religious or tradition groups who reject it. Second, it argues that sufficient autonomy requires a sufficient opportunity to develop and understand one’s native talents and this should supplement John Rawls’ influential principle of Fair Equality of Opportunity. Third, it argues that this sufficientarian approach to education is more plausible than others, particularly adequacy approaches that have been pursued by Debra Satz and Elizabeth Anderson.
A Good Enough Upbringing
Authors: Shields Liam
Published: January 2018

This chapter defends a sufficientarian approach to parental rights, arguing for a particular account of the good enough upbringing, which should be a condition of holding parental rights that takes into account both the interests of the child and the parent. The chapter discusses views abuse or neglect the child’s best interests as conditions attached to parental rights concluding that neither are satisfactory. The chapter argues that parental rights are conditional on not being excessively worse than the best available parent, where excess is determine by the importance of a better upbringing to the child. The chapter discusses this view in relation to practical guidelines used to determine parental rights.
From Eating Hummus to the Sublime
Authors: Baron Ilan Zvi
Published: January 2018

The term “Jewish internationalism” is a historical reference to the mainly French and British Diaspora Jewry’s international activities regarding other Jewish communities in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Nevertheless, remnants of Jewish internationalism continue to influence Diaspora life. A connection with other Jewish communities, and coming to their aid, has been an ongoing part of Diaspora life. The creation of Israel, however, changed this focus. Jewish internationalism was forced to adapt to changing geopolitical contexts, especially with the simultaneous rise of both Zionism in Palestine and fascism in Europe.
Secrecy, Conspiracy, Cinema and the CIA in the 1970s
Authors: Willmetts Simon
Published: January 2018

This final chapter examines the figuration of the CIA in the wave of paranoid conspiracy films that were made in the 1970s. Still suffering from the reverberations of Watergate and the Vietnam War, in 1975 America faced another season of scandal after the investigative journalist Seymour Hersh published a series of damning revelations of nefarious CIA and FBI activities in the New York Times. This compounded a culture of suspicion that had already set in, especially in Hollywood, by the beginning of the 1970s. The conspiracy thrillers of the 1970s, films like Three Days of the Condor and The Parallax View, were the polar opposite of the semi-documentary films that represented American espionage in the aftermath of the Second World War. Whilst the latter lauded the United States government as the arbiter of historical authenticity, the former perceived state secrecy and deception as nefarious obstacles that prevented citizens from knowing the truth of their history. Secrecy figures as history’s aporia, and few types of film express this better than the paranoid conspiracy thriller.
Negotiating Dissidence
Authors: Van de Peer Stefanie
Published: January 2018

In spite of harsh censorship, conservative morals and a lack of investment, women documentarists in the Arab world have found ways to subtly negotiate dissidence in their films, something that is becoming more apparent since the ‘Arab Revolutions’. In this book, Stefanie Van de Peer traces the very beginnings of Arab women making documentaries in the Middle East and North Africa, from the 1970s and 1980s in Egypt and Lebanon, to the 1990s and 2000s in Morocco and Syria. Addressing the context of the films’ production, distribution and exhibition, the book asks why these women held on to the ideals of a type of filmmaking that was unlikely to be accepted by the censor, and looks at precisely how the documentarists framed expressions of dissent with the tools available to the documentary maker.
The De-Baathification of post-2003 Iraq: Purging the Past for Political Power
Authors: Isakhan Benjamin
Published: January 2018

Following the toppling of the Baathist regime in May 2003, the United States established the Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA), which was to serve as the occupational authority and interim government of Iraq. This chapter examines the ongoing legacy of the CPA's plan to de-Baathify Iraq. It outlines the efforts by Iraqi lawmakers to codify de-Baathification in Iraq's new constitution of 2005 as well as in subsequent pieces of more detailed legislation. It studies the actual implementation of these laws in relation to the Iraqi parliamentary elections of 2010 and 2014, as well as the local elections of 2013. Throughout the chapter, special emphasis is given to the considerable discrepancies between the principles enshrined in the formal de-Baathification legislation and the way those principles are applied in practice. It concludes by suggesting that Iraq needs to openly and honestly deal with its Baathist past if it is ever to move beyond patterns of political sectarianism, violence, and autocracy.
Doing Democracy in Difficult Times: Oil Unions and the Maliki Government
Authors: Isakhan Benjamin
Published: January 2018

Today, Iraq suffers not only from the legacy of the top-down model of democracy imposed by the United States in the form of the increasingly authoritarian political elite that governs the country, but also from the legacy of the failure of the United States to foster a genuine civil society that could adequately confront the ‘raw power’ of the current Iraqi government. This chapter examines the specific case of the Iraqi Federation of Oil Unions (IFOU), Iraq's largest and most powerful independent workers' union. It focuses on the tensions between IFOU and the Maliki government, and examines the extent to which IFOU has served as a bulwark against the state's rising authoritarianism. The chapter begins with a brief history of Iraqi trade unions under the Baathist regime and concludes that examples of civil society movements such as IFOU are perhaps Iraq's only real hope for genuine democratisation.
Our Friends Across the Water: Northern Ireland Media Coverage of the Scottish Independence Referendum
Authors: Irwin Anthea
Published: January 2018

The chapter opens by noting a degree of closeness of Scottish politics for Northern Irish media and their consumers, also summarizing some historical factors in relation to present circumstances in Northern Ireland: and outlining its dedicated media provision. The chapter defines its concepts for analysis, specifying themes such as volume of coverage and fact vs opinion, as well as focus and position. Both press and broadcast output is considered. Unionist-leaning and nationalist-leaning press were seen to interpret events differently, with more space offered by broadcasting, as distinct from the press, to the view of Sinn Fein. There was a significant if minor tendency to see the participatory and democratic nature of the Scottish referendum favourably in comparison to the history of the Troubles.
The Scottish Referendum in Austrian, German and Swiss Media
Authors: Müller Klaus Peter
Published: January 2018

This chapter uses the concept of ‘the story’, applying a model of key story elements to the shape which the media imposed on the sequence of Scottish referendum events. The analysis offers substantial, rich and dense data on press and broadcast coverage across three German-speaking nations. However, any important differences based on national perspectives among the three are not discernible. Across the board there tends to be a majority judgement against Scottish independence, not least associated with the views of sources such as business representatives, and there are some actively hostile views expressed in places toward Scottish aspirations for independence. However, and though in a minority, there is also supportive comment across the three countries, and after the vote and despite its result, there is a widespread media view that the referendum event has altered Scotland and Europe. Britain is seen as having been changed by the event, political democracy and regional diversity have been potentially enhanced, and the benefits of federalism are seen as reinforced.
Australia and the Scottish Independence Referendum
Authors: McNair Brian
Published: January 2018

The chapter analyzes data from print and online media, including online broadcaster sites, and includes an overview of the Australian media landscape. It also notes the significant percentage of Australians (8.9%) who are Scottish or of Scottish descent. There was considerable Australian interest in the referendum. While there was focus on the Scottish referendum in its own context, the other chief tendency was for the Australian media to use the Scottish referendum as a hook for tackling Australian issues. This especially applies to the republican/monarchist debate there. Until close to polling day coverage tended to rely on agencies or UK partner titles, reflecting a general lack of foreign news in the Australian press. The chapter notes the predominance of one newspaper, The Australian, which along with the news services of ABC and SBS was the only source of detailed reporting. Notwithstanding hostile comment on the Yes campaign by Australian Prime Minister Tony Abbott, the Australian media generally did not take sides in the debate. After the poll, the story rapidly faded from the media.
Afterword: Reimagining Scotland in a New Political Landscape
Authors: Blain Neil
Published: January 2018

This chapter has two main purposes. The first is to examine some continuities in media coverage of the Scottish constitutional debate from 2012 until the new parliament sat at Westminster in May 2015. Some questions are addressed about balance in media reporting and commentary. The chapter also summarizes updates from a number of the volume’s contributors who assessed reactions in their various nations (including within the UK) to the electoral events of May 2015 and provided brief accounts, which are included as extracts in the chapter.
Islamic Modernism, Political Reform and the Arabisation of Education: The Relationship between Moroccan Nationalists and al-Azhar University
Authors: Wainscott Ann
Published: January 2018

This chapter studies the impact of al Azhar University on the Moroccan nationalist movement and specifically its independence leader Allal al Fasi, whose ten-year exile in Egypt exposed him to the ideas of Muhammad Abduh and influenced the ideological position of the Moroccan independence party, Istiqlal. The chapter emphasises the impact that Abduh's ideas had on the educational policies of the independence party and their continued importance in Moroccan educational politics throughout the twentieth century. Graduates of the university, including Abdullah ibn Idris al Sanusi and Abu Shu'ayb al Dukkali, brought ideas of Islamic modernism back to Morocco. These ideas were shared with Moroccan religious students through lectures at the Qarawiyyin University in Fez and flourished into a movement for religious reform.
‘What it is to Have Been’: Movement, Multiplicity and Representation
Authors: Gontarski S. E.
Published: January 2018

This chapter explores Samuel Beckett's images of time and motion, which comes most directly from A. A. Luce's Bergson's Doctrine of Intuition and from J. P. Mahaffy — a Fellow of Trinity College, Dublin — and his monograph Descartes (1880), a book Beckett knew thoroughly enough to use freely its ideas, words and phrases for his poem. For Bergson, representation is of a piece with Zeno's trajectory and so a falsification of motion, becoming, or life's flow. Both matter and its representations are then severally, in themselves, false issues without perception, which relies on what Henri Bergson calls a picturing in consciousness, and which finally is also action. Matter and so the universe, for Bergson, ‘is an aggregate of images. And by image we mean a certain existence which is more than that which the idealists call a representation, but less than that which the realists call a thing — an existence placed halfway between the “thing” and the “representation”’.