bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diabrotica virgifera virgifera
. [Distribution map].
Authors: CABI/EPPO
Published: July 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Diabrotica virgifera virgifera
LeConte. Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae. Hosts: maize (
Zea mays
). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Albania, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia-Hercegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Switzerland, UK (England and Wales), Ukraine, Canada (Ontario, Quebec), Mexico, USA (Alabama, Arizona, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming)), Central America & Caribbean (Costa Rica, Guatemala, Nicaragua).
Phenacoccus solenopsis
. [Distribution map].
Authors: CABI/EPPO
Published: July 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Phenacoccus solenopsis
Tinsley. Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae. Hosts: cotton (
Gossypium
spp.) and
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Cyprus), Asia (Cambodia, China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang), India (Delhi, Gujarat, Haryana, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal), Indonesia, Iran, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam), Africa (Benin, Cameroon, Egypt, Ghana, Nigeria), North America (Canada (Alberta), Mexico, USA (Arizona, California, Colorado, Florida, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Maryland, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Washington)), Central America & Caribbean (Belize, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Jamaica, Martinique, Nicaragua, Panama), South America (Argentina, Brazil (Espirito Santo), Chile, Colombia, Ecuador), Oceania (Australia (Queensland), New Caledonia).
Aphis illinoisensis
. [Distribution map].
Authors: CABI/EPPO
Published: July 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Aphis illinoisensis
Shimer. Hemiptera: Aphididae. Host: grapevine (
Vitis vinifera
). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Albania; Cyprus; Greece; Sicily, Italy; Malta; Montenegro; and Spain), Asia (Israel and Turkey), Africa (Algeria, Libya and Tunisia), North America (Ontario and Quebec, Canada; Mexico; and Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia and Wisconsin, USA), Central America and Caribbean (Belize, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guadeloupe, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Panama and Puerto Rico) and South America (Argentina; São Paulo, Brazil; Chile; Colombia; Uruguay; and Venezuela).
Myzocallis walshii
. [Distribution map].
Authors: CABI/EPPO
Published: July 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Myzocallis walshii
(Monell). Hemiptera: Aphididae. Host: American red oak
Quercus rubra
. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Andorra, Belgium, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Portugal, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, UK, England and Wales), North America (Canada, British Columbia, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Quebec, USA, Arkansas, California, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin).
Bactrocera zonata
. [Distribution map].
Authors: CABI  , EPPO
Published: July 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Bactrocera zonata
(Saunders). Diptera: Tephritidae. Hosts: polyphagous on a variety of fruits. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Asia (Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Iran, Israel, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Oman, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, Thailand, United Arab Emirates, Vietnam, Yemen), Africa (Egypt, Libya, Mauritius, Reunion, Sudan), North America (USA, California, Florida).
Halyomorpha halys
. [Distribution map].
Authors: CABI  , EPPO
Published: July 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Halyomorpha halys
(Stål). Hemiptera: Pentatomidae. Hosts: polyphagous on fruits, vegetables and ornamentals. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (France, Germany, Italy, Liechtenstein, Switzerland), Asia (China, Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Menggu, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xizhang, Yunnan, Zhejiang, Japan, Honshu, Korea Republic, Taiwan), North America (Canada, Alberta, Ontario, Quebec, USA, Alabama, Arizona, California, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming).
Maconellicoccus hirsutus
. [Distribution map].
Authors: CABI  , EPPO
Published: July 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Maconellicoccus hirsutus
(Green). Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae. Hosts: Polyphagous. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Cyprus), Asia (Bangladesh, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, China, Guangdong, Hong Kong, Macau, Shanxi, Tibet, Yunnan, India, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Delhi, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Indian Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Indonesia, Irian Jaya, Java, Nusa Tenggara, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Iran, Japan, Ryukyu Archipelago, Jordan, Laos, Lebanon, Malaysia, Peninsular Malaysia, Maldives, Myanmar, Nepal, Oman, Pakistan, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, United Arab Emirates, Vietnam and Yemen), Africa (Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Congo Democratic Republic, Cote d'Ivore, Egypt, Gabon, Gambia, Kenya, Liberia, Niger, Nigeria, Reunion, Senegal, Seychelles, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania and Tunisia), North America (Mexico, USA, California, Florida and Hawaii), Central America and Caribbean (Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Costa Rica, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Haiti, Jamaica, Martinique, Montserrat, Netherlands Antilles, Puerto Rico, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago and United States Virgin Islands), South America (Brazil, Alagoas, Bahia, Espirito Santo, Roraima, Colombia, French Guyana, Guyana, Suriname and Venezuela) and Oceania (Australia, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia, Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu and Vanuatu).
Bactrocera oleae
. [Distribution map].
Authors: CABI  , EPPO
Published: July 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Bactrocera oleae
(Rossi). Diptera: Tephritidae. Host: olives (
Olea europaea
). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Albania. Croatia, Cyprus, France, Corsica, Greece, Crete, Mainland Greece, Italy, Sardinia, Sicily, Malta, Montenegro, Portugal, Azores, Mainland Portugal, Slovenia, Spain, Balearic Islands, Canary Islands, Mainland Spain and Switzerland), Asia (Republic of Georgia, India, Jammu and Kashmir, Iran, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Syria and Turkey), Africa (Algeria, Angola, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Libya, Mauritius, Morocco, Reunion, Seychelles, South Africa, Sudan and Tunisia) and North America (Mexico, USA, California).
Paraleyrodes minei
. [Distribution map].
Authors: CABI  , EPPO
Published: July 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Paraleyrodes minei
Laccarino. Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae. Hosts:
Citrus
spp. including lemon (
C. limon
), orange (
C. sinensis
) and sour orange (
C. aurantium
). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Cyprus, Italy, Sicily, Portugal, Azores, Madeira, Mainland Portugal, Spain, Canary Islands and Mainland Spain), Asia (China, Hong Kong, Iran, Israel, Lebanon, Malaysia, Singapore, Syria and Turkey), Africa (Benin, Ghana and Morocco), North America (Mexico, USA, California, Florida, Hawaii and Texas), Central America and Caribbean (Belize, Bermuda, Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras and Puerto Rico) and South America (Colombia).
Singhiella simplex
. [Distribution map].
Authors: CABI  , EPPO
Published: July 2021

A new disrtibution map is provided for
Singhiella simplex
(Singh). Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae. Hosts:
Ficus
spp. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Cyprus), Asia (China, India, Bihar and Myanmar), North America (Mexico, USA, California and Florida), Central America and Caribbean (Barbados, Cayman Islands, Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Panama and Puerto Rico) and South America (Brazil, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo and Colombia).
Sipha flava
. [Distribution map].
Authors: CABI  , EPPO
Published: July 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Sipha flava
(Forbes). Hemiptera: Aphididae. Hosts: warm- and cool-season grasses including
Miscanthus
spp., sugarcane (
Saccharum officinarum
), sorghum (
Sorghum bicolor
). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Portugal, Azores, Madeira, Spain), Africa (Morocco, South Africa, Swaziland, Zimbabwe), North America (Mexico, USA, California, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Minnesota, Nebraska, New York, Oklahoma, Texas, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia), Central America and Carribbean (Bahamas, Barbados, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Honduras).
Melanaphis sacchari
. [Distribution map].
Authors: CABI  , EPPO
Published: July 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Melanaphis sacchari
(Zehntner). Hemiptera: Aphididae. Hosts: sugarcane (
Saccharum officinarum
),
Sorghum
spp. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Asia (Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Yunnan, Zhejiang, India, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Bihar, Delhi, Gujarat, Haryana, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Honshu, Kyushu, Ryukyu Archipelago, Shikoku, Korea Democratic People's Republic, Korea Republic, Laos, Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, Yemen), Africa (Benin, Botswana, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo Democratic Republic, Cote d'Ivoire, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gambia, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Reunion, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe), North America (Mexico, USA, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Florida, Hawaii, Kansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas), Central America & Caribbean (Grenada, Guadeloupe, Jamaica, Martinique, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago), South America (Argentina, Brazil, Ceara, Minas Gerais, Para, Pernambuco, Sao Paulo, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Suriname, Uruguay, Venezuela), Oceania (Australia, New South Wales, Queensland, Papua New Guinea).
Metcalfa pruinosa
. [Distribution map].
Authors: CABI  , EPPO
Published: July 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Metcalfa pruinosa
(Say). Heteroptera: Flatidae. Hosts: Grapes (
Vitis
sp.), fruit and ornamental trees. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Austria, Bosnia-Hercegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Corsica, Mainland France, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Sardinia, Sicily, Montenegro, Romania, Russia, Southern Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Balearic Islands, Mainland Spain, Switzerland, UK and Ukraine), Asia (Korea Republic amd Turkey), North America (Canada, Ontario, Quebec, Saskatchewan, USA, Alabama, Arkansas, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, DIstrict of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia and Wisconsin) and Central America and Caribbean (Bermuda).
Epitrix hirtipennis
. [Distribution map].
Authors: CABI  , EPPO
Published: July 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Epitrix hirtipennis
(Melsheimer). Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae. Main Hosts: tobacco (
Nicotiana tabacum
), aubergine (
Solanum melongena
) and tomato (
S. lycopersicum
). Information is given on the geographical distribution in North America (USA, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia and Wyoming), Central America and Caribbean (Cuba), South America (Argentina) and Oceania (Fiji, French Polynesia and Guam).
Lindingaspis rossi
. [Distribution map].
Authors: CABI  , EPPO
Published: July 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Lindingaspis rossi
(Maskell). Hemiptera: Diaspididae. Hosts: polyphagous. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Croatia, France, Italy, Sicily, Monaco, Portugal, Azores, Madeira, Spain), Asia (China, India, Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Japan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan), Africa (Angola, Cameroon, Egypt, Guinea, Mauritius, Mozambique, Reunion, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Tanzania, Togo, Zimbabwe), North America (Mexico, USA, California, Hawaii), South America (Argentina, Brazil, Sao Paulo, Chile, Colombia, Peru) and Oceania (Australia, New South Wales, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Norfolk Island and Samoa).
Pseudotheraptus devastans
. [Distribution map].
Authors: CABI  , EPPO
Published: July 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Pseudotheraptus devastans
Distant. Hemiptera: Coreidae. Hosts: coconut (
Cocos nucifera
), cassava (
Manihot esculenta
), cocoa (
Theobroma cacao
), cashew (
Anacardium occidentale
). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Africa (Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Congo, Congo Democratic Republic, Cote d'Ivoire, Ghana, Nigeria, Rwanda, Tanzania, Togo).
Genetic diversity based on RAPD markers of third-generation (M3) soybean mutant at saline soil
Authors: Anwar Syaiful , Lukiwati Dwi Retno , Kusmiyati Florentina
Published: July 2021

Genetic diversity is very important in plant breeding. One way to create genetic diversity is through induced mutation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate genetic diversity based on RAPD markers of third-generation (M3) soybean mutant at saline soil. Seed of soybean cv. Detam was induced mutation by gamma rays at 0 (control), 160, 208, 256, 304, 352, 448, 496, 544 and 592 gy in Centre for Application of Isotope and Radiation – National Nuclear Energy Agency of Indonesia. First generation (M1) of those seed was planted at saline soil and selected based on plant production at saline soil. Those selected plants from M1 generation were planted at non saline soil as M2 generation. Selection on M2 was also done based on plant production. There were 13 genotypes selected from M2 as plant material for third-generation (M3) that were grown at saline soil. Genetic diversity based on RAPD markers using 6 primers namely G1, G2, OPAA-01, OPAA-02, OPAA-09, and OPAA-14. These markers were specific markers for soybean tolerance in salinity stress. The results showed that six markers generated 389 bands, ranging in size from 304 to 1710 bp. Cluster analysis using UPGMA procedure in the NTSYS PC Software program showed dendogram with two clusters. Genotypes of BSMG 02-256-7 and BSMG 02-592-9 had genetic distance of 15 % with the other eleven genotypes and control variety. It can be concluded that there was genetic diversity based on RAPD markers of third generation (M3) soybean mutant genotypes at saline soil.
Silicon-mediated accumulation of oil and antioxidant in Soybean
Authors: Kristanto B A , Darmawati A , Budiyanto S , Rosyida R
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of silica application on the protein, oil, fatty acid, phenol and isoflavone content in soybean seeds that experience water deficiency stress. This study used a factorial completely randomized design. The first factor was the watering interval (3, 6 and 9 day intervals). The second factor was the dosage of silica application (0; 31.25 and 62.50 SiO2/polybag or equivalent doses of 0, 125 and 250 kg SiO2/ha). This study concluded that the higher and longer duration of drought stress was reflected in the longer watering interval caused a decreased the number of filled pods, number and yield of seeds, and oil content, but increased content of protein, total of phenolic and isoflavan of soybean seeds. Application of silica under drought stress conditions reduced the reduction in the number of filled pods, seed quantity and yield, and oil content compared to without silica application. The content of oil, total of phenolic and isoflavones of soybean seeds can be inducted through the application of silica. The application of silica improves the quality of soybeans as a functional food.
Characteristics and postharvest life of snake fruit (Salacca edulis Reinw) during storage as influenced by application of activated nanostructured natural zeolites
Authors: Widayanti S M , Hoerudin  , Andes Ismayana
Published: July 2021

Salacca edulis Reinw Cv. Pondoh or “Salak Pondoh” is an important exported fruit native to Indonesia. The fruit is highly perishable and hence has a very limited postharvest life for export. This study aimed to investigate effects of activated nano-zeolites application on physico-chemical properties and postharvest life of “Salak Pondoh” during storage. Mordenite and mordenite-clinoptilolite types of nano-zeolites (sized 395-400nm) were prepared by ball-milling method, activated in alkaline conditions, and finally calcinated. Sacheted nano-zelites and bio- disinfected fresh “Salak Pondoh” were packed in perforated LDPE bags, stored at 10±2°C for 25d. Results showed that the fruits packed without nano-zeolites started to show quality damages on their flesh after 15d of storage, although their skin remained intact. Meanwhile, the skin and flesh of fruits packed with activated nano-zeolites remained intact and fresh after 25d of storage. This was confirmed by their physico-chemical properties comparable to those of “Salak Pondoh” for fresh consumption. The presence of activated nano-zeolites (regardless of their types) gave 10-20% lowered RH values that may retard decaying process. These results suggest the potential use of activated nano-zeolites as atmosphere-modifying agents in food packaging for extending the postharvest life of “Salak Pondoh” and other related fresh fruits.
Antibacterial study of cocoa skin liquid smoke in raw milk
Authors: Budaraga I K , Yulita Nurma , Yessirita Nita
Published: July 2021

This study aims to investigate the antibacterial effectiveness of adding liquid smoke from cocoa skin as antibacterial properties in raw milk and to determine the proper concentration of liquid smoke from cocoa skin as antibacterial properties in raw milk. The design used in this study was a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 levels of treatment and 3 replications. The observations were analyzed using ANOVA with the F test and the Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT) continued to test at the 5% level. Observations were made on Staphylococcus Aureus, Coliform, and reduction time by using the Total Plate Count (TPC) method. The results showed that the concentration of liquid smoke from cocoa skin affected Staphylococcus Aureus, coliform, and the reduction time in raw milk by using the total plate count method. Based on the test results, it was found that the best antibacterial liquid smoke from cocoa skin in raw milk was the addition of 2% liquid smoke from cocoa skins with a reduction time of 642 minutes (10.7 hours).
Farmers’ Perceptions of Agricultural Insurance : A Case Study of Altınekin District, Konya, Turkey
Authors: Oguz Cennet , Diyanah Siti Mustaqimatud
Published: July 2021

The study aims to determine farmers’ perceptions of agricultural insurance and analyzing the relationships between factors affecting farmers’ willingness to take out agricultural insurance in Altınekin District of Konya Province. To obtain data using a questionnaire by interviewing 30 farms enterprises in 2019. A pilot evaluation, descriptive analyses and chi-square test were used. The results showed that the most grown plants were wheat, barley, sugar beet, corn and pumpkin. Farmers’ agricultural income from food crops was 785.871,29 TL. As many as 86,67% of farmers know information about agricultural insurance and 56,67% of them assume that agricultural insurance was important. More than 60% of farmers know that the government provides support to agricultural insurance. However, 61,11% of farmers felt that support from the government had not been effective. The results of the study showed that 56,67% of farmers were willing to purchase agricultural insurance again. A significant relationship between agricultural income and premiums paid for agricultural insurance, the premiums paid for agricultural insurance and the amount of support paid by the government, the membership of agricultural organizations and the information source of agricultural insurance, and the age and the information source of agricultural insurance were found.
Indonesian household demand for essential animal proteins and their pattern of price volatility during the Covid-19 season
Authors: Laili F , Anindita R , Baladina N
Published: July 2021

The consumption patterns of Indonesian households are around 85% derived from vegetable proteins and 15% from animal proteins. Furthermore, low-income households often find it challenging to fulfill their energy and protein needs. It is becoming a severe issue when the Covid-19 break in Indonesia and puts many essential animal protein commodities into an excellent uncertainty condition. Although it is accepted that the effectiveness of population growth, none have assessed the relationship with the price volatility that was formed by the Covid-19 issue. This research aims to develop an econometric model on essential animal food demand and how their price volatility trend during Covid-19. The Linear Expenditure System (LES) was chosen as an approach to describing the demand for food commodities from essential animal protein sources using SUSENAS data for the 2019 enumeration period, while the ARCH/GARCH model was used as an approach to describe the pattern of price volatility using set of consumer price data from January 2010 until August 2020 enumeration period. This research shows that the price elasticity of the essential animal protein sources of food commodities shows that all commodities are inelastic. At the same time, changes in the relationship between essential animal food commodities reflect an overall shift in the consumption of society towards essential animal food commodities themselves. On the other hand, there is a specific movement in price volatility toward an explosive term, which led to a great uncertainty that will face both of consumers and producers in the future.
Experimental and numerical study on thin-walled hollow bridge piers
Authors: Jiang Haoran , Hu Xinyi , Wang Tao , Sun Zhiguo
Published: July 2021

Research on thin-walled hollow bridge piers is of great importance to the large bridge. To study the nonlinear behavior of the thin-walled hollow bridge piers, two rectangular pier specimens have been tested under quasi-static cyclic lateral displacement and different axial loads. For easier comparison, these two specimens have been tested with constant load and varied load separately. Then an MSC. Marc model is built to compare the skeleton line and energy dissipation properties with experimental results. In consideration of the impact of some important parameters, a parametric numerical model has been built to test its performance with experimental results adopting different axial force and wall height-to-thickness ratio.
Instability mechanism of surrounding rock chain structure in steeply inclined thick seam mining
Authors: Wang Hongwei , Jiao Jianqiang , Jiang Baolin , Feng Kun
Published: July 2021

In view of the difficulty of fully-mechanized mining in steeply inclined coal seam with thickness of 4 to 8 m, the horizontal section short wall fully-mechanized caving mining method is innovatively proposed. In the No. 3-3c steeply inclined coal seam of a Coal Mine, the single roadway integrated with excavation and recovery is arranged as working face, the pillar on sides of roadway is recovered ahead by spiral drilling machine, and the top coal is recovered by the vertical and horizontal self-moving supports. The Z-type ventilation is formed by constructing a ventilation roadway along the side of gob. Through theoretical analysis, numerical calculation and physical similarity simulation, the main mining parameters, including sectional height and ratio of mining height to caving height, were determined, and the characteristics of roof movement evolution, floor failure and sliding and the generalization of surrounding rock bearing structure were revealed. The results show that the effect of coal caving is better when the section height is 10 m and the ratio of mining height to caving height is 2.85. The cross-layer multi-ladder voussoir structure is formed by transformation and migration of the critical layer, and the failure and slip modes of floor are extruding-translation, extruding-underdraught and extruding-upthrust in different areas of horizontal sublevel caving stope. Roof, pillar and floor are interrelated to form the Roof-Pillar-Floor (R-P-F) chain structure. When the height of section with three sublevels is 30 to 45 m, the mutual conversion of strong and weak chains between structural units can be cut effectively in mining process, and the impact disaster caused by the roof falling over great extent and the instability of pillar can be prevented. The new mining method proposed and studied above provides the technological and theoretical basis for the safe and efficient production of such coal seams, and is of great significance to the sustainable development of coal in Xinjiang province and even western China.
Safety Evaluation of Super Deep Shaft Construction of Donghu Deep Tunnel in Wuhan
Authors: Hu Kai , Wang Junwu , Wu Han
Published: July 2021

With the rapid development of infrastructure construction in large and medium-sized cities in China, the development and utilization of underground space has been developed rapidly. The sewage transmission system engineering of Donghu core area in Wuhan is faced with the construction of shaft under smaller section, deeper foundation pit and more complex environment. The safety of super-deep shaft construction is evaluated and the important risk influencing factors are identified. From the point of view of construction process and method, this paper identifies and constructs the evaluation index system of safety risk in deep tunnel shaft construction, and then constructs the evaluation model with binary semantics and AHP and entropy weight method. Finally, the empirical analysis is carried out through the example of Wuhan East Lake deep tunnel project. The empirical results show that the foundation pit support, water stop curtain, wellhead instability, vertical ventilation of shaft and rock entry blasting are the factors that affect the construction safety risk of the project, and the construction safety risk evaluation grade of the project is low. This paper also puts forward effective measures to improve the construction safety of the project.
Physical and Virtual Simulation of the Experiment of Bridge Structure under Static Load
Authors: Xiang Yebin , Ding Yong , Shi Xinlei
Published: July 2021

Simulation experiment is an important method to study the performance of bridge structure, among which the simulation experiment of the structure under static load is an effective way to evaluate bridge quality and bearing capacity. In this paper, a 1:25 reduced-scale model of vehicle and bridge is used to simulate the performance of the practical bridge under static load. The finite element analysis is used for virtual simulation, and scale model experiment is used for physical simulation. Comparing the results of physical simulation and virtual simulation for the experiment, it is found that the two are basically the same, verifying the accuracy and effectiveness of this method. Physical simulation and virtual simulation complement each other, which plays an important role in promoting the experimental research and teaching in bridge engineering.
Pile Foundation Design and Analysis of Teaching Building in A High School
Authors: Guo Qingwen , Guo Baohua , Zhu Yelan , Wang Huihui , Meng Zhe
Published: July 2021

The foundation design should adhere to the principles of adapting measures to local conditions, using local materials, protecting the environment and saving resources. Based on the geotechnical engineering survey data, the design should be carried out by comprehensively considering the factors such as structure type, material situation and construction conditions. The pile foundation design is adopted in this project. includes the determination of pile end bearing layer and pile length, the determination of vertical bearing capacity of single pile, the calculation of pile number and pile layout form, the checking calculation of pile foundation bearing capacity and settlement, the design and checking calculation of pile body structure, the design and checking calculation of pile cap. Until all requirements of the specification are met.
Understanding the sensitivity of hourly precipitation extremes to the warming climate over Eastern China
Authors: Huang Danqing , Zhu Jian , Xiao Xiucheng , Cheng Jing , Ding Yuxuan , Qian Yuhan
Published: July 2021

Theoretically, under the warming climate, due to the increase of the atmospheric water vapor, the precipitation extremes would increase. The Clausius-Clapeyron (CC) scaling indicates an increase of precipitation extremes at a rate of about 7% globally. However, the response of precipitation extremes to global warming is complex globally. In this study, we investigated the hourly precipitation extremes-dew-point temperature scaling relation in eastern China and the theoretical explanation. It is shown here that the hourly precipitation extreme intensity increases with the dew-point temperature (DPT), following the CC scaling rate. Conversely, as DPT exceeds ∼22 °C, the negative scaling exists, particularly for the southern part of China. The change in the scaling direction as the DPT exceeds 22 °C may be attributed to the negative scaling of precipitation efficiency/vertical velocity with DPT. The increase in the convective inhibition and decrease in the temperature advection above ∼22 °C, partially explain the negative scaling of precipitation efficiency and vertical velocity with DPT. Our results may help understanding the variations in precipitation extremes under future warming.
Plant image identification application demonstrates high accuracy in Northern Europe
Authors: Pärtel Jaak , Pärtel Meelis , Wäldchen Jana
Published: July 2021

Automated image-based plant identification has experienced rapid development and has been already used in research and nature management. However, there is a need for extensive studies on how accurately automatic plant identification works and which characteristics of observations and study species influence the results. We investigated the accuracy of the Flora Incognita application, a research-based tool for automated plant image identification. Our study was conducted in Estonia, Northern Europe. Photos originated from the Estonian national curated biodiversity observations database, originally without the intention to use them for automated identification (1496 photos, 542 species) were examined. Flora Incognita was also directly tested in field conditions in various habitats, taking images of plant organs as guided by the application (998 observations, 1703 photos, 280 species). Identification accuracy was compared among species characteristics: plant family, growth forms and life forms, habitat type and regional frequency. We also analysed image characteristics (plant organs, background, number of species in focus), and the number of training images that were available for particular species to develop the automated identification algorithm. From database images 79.6 % of species were correctly identified by Flora Incognita; in the field conditions species identification accuracy reached 85.3 %. Overall, the correct genus was found for 89 % and the correct plant family for 95 % of the species. Accuracy varied among different plant families, life forms and growth forms. Rare and common species and species from different habitats were identified with equal accuracy. Images with reproductive organs or with only the target species in focus were identified with greater success. The number of training images per species was positively correlated with the identification success. Even though a high accuracy has been already achieved for Flora Incognita, allowing its usage for research and practices, our results can guide further improvements of this application and automated plant identification in general.
DTI-Voodoo: machine learning over interaction networks and ontology-based background knowledge predicts drug–target interactions
Authors: Hinnerichs Tilman , Hoehndorf Robert
Published: July 2021

Motivation

In silico drug–target interaction (DTI) prediction is important for drug discovery and drug repurposing. Approaches to predict DTIs can proceed indirectly, top-down, using phenotypic effects of drugs to identify potential drug targets, or they can be direct, bottom-up and use molecular information to directly predict binding affinities. Both approaches can be combined with information about interaction networks.

Results

We developed DTI-Voodoo as a computational method that combines molecular features and ontology-encoded phenotypic effects of drugs with protein–protein interaction networks, and uses a graph convolutional neural network to predict DTIs. We demonstrate that drug effect features can exploit information in the interaction network whereas molecular features do not. DTI-Voodoo is designed to predict candidate drugs for a given protein; we use this formulation to show that common DTI datasets contain intrinsic biases with major effects on performance evaluation and comparison of DTI prediction methods. Using a modified evaluation scheme, we demonstrate that DTI-Voodoo improves significantly over state of the art DTI prediction methods.

Availability and implementation

DTI-Voodoo source code and data necessary to reproduce results are freely available at https://github.com/THinnerichs/DTI-VOODOO.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Electrophysiological Chronometry of Graded Consciousness during the Attentional Blink
Authors: Eiserbeck Anna , Enge Alexander , Rabovsky Milena , Abdel Rahman Rasha
Published: July 2021

One of the ongoing debates about visual consciousness is whether it can be considered as an all-or-none or a graded phenomenon. While there is increasing evidence for the existence of graded states of conscious awareness based on paradigms such as visual masking, only little and mixed evidence is available for the attentional blink paradigm, specifically in regard to electrophysiological measures. Thereby, the all-or-none pattern reported in some attentional blink studies might have originated from specifics of the experimental design, suggesting the need to examine the generalizability of results. In the present event-related potential (ERP) study (N = 32), visual awareness of T2 face targets was assessed via subjective visibility ratings on a perceptual awareness scale in combination with ERPs time-locked to T2 onset (components P1, N1, N2, and P3). Furthermore, a classification task preceding visibility ratings allowed to track task performance. The behavioral results indicate a graded rather than an all-or-none pattern of visual awareness. Corresponding graded differences in the N1, N2, and P3 components were observed for the comparison of visibility levels. These findings suggest that conscious perception during the attentional blink can occur in a graded fashion.
Cardiac amyloid presenting as cardiogenic shock: case series
Authors: Oye Monique , Dhruva Pooja , Kandah Fadi , Oye Melissa , Missov Emil
Published: July 2021

Background

Amyloidosis is a systemic infiltrative disease that can affect nearly every organ in the human body. It is characterized by the deposition of misfolded protein within various tissues and organs. Once there is cardiac involvement this portends a worse prognosis.

Case summary

We describe a case series of two patients with cardiac amyloidosis presenting as a cardiogenic shock. There were several missed opportunities in diagnosing cardiac amyloid prior to their fatal presentations. In the first case, a 65-year-old African-American male patient presented with worsening shortness of breath and signs of heart failure. Echocardiography revealed preserved ejection fraction. He was diagnosed with light chain subtype of cardiac amyloidosis, and rapidly deteriorated during his admission. Patient in the second case is a 75-year-old African-American female who presented with worsening heart failure and hypotension. Echocardiography revealed reduced ejection fraction. She was diagnosed with transthyretin cardiac amyloid. Her clinical status worsened during admission and she went into cardiogenic shock requiring multiple vasopressors.

Discussion

This case series discusses two incidences of cardiac amyloidosis presenting as cardiogenic shock in African-American patients. This article postulates that cardiac amyloidosis may be misdiagnosed for more common causes of heart failure especially among this demographic group. Once patients with cardiac amyloid present with cardiogenic shock their clinical course is typically rapidly fatal despite aggressive measures. Earlier detection is imperative to prevent poor outcomes.
Microbial perspective on the giant carbonate ridge Alpha Crucis (Southwestern Atlantic upper slope)
Authors: Bendia Amanda Gonçalves , Signori Camila Negrão , Nakamura Fernanda Mancini , Butarelli Ana Carolina de Araújo , Passos Júlia Gasparini , Ramos Raissa Basti , Soares Luiza Ferreira , de Mahiques Michel Michaelovitch , Sumida Paulo Yukio Gomes , Pellizari Vivian Helena
Published: July 2021

Deep-sea carbonate mounds can harbor a wide variety of heterotrophic and chemosynthetic microbial communities, providing biodiversity hotspots among the deep-sea benthic ecosystems. This study examined the bacterial and archaeal diversity and community structure in the water column and sediments associated to a recently described giant carbonate mound named Alpha Crucis Carbonate Ridge (ACCR), Southwestern Atlantic. Due to the acoustic evidence of gas chimneys from a previous study, we further evaluated the chemosynthetic primary production through in situ-simulated dark carbon fixation rates. Pelagic microbial communities varied significantly with depth, showing a high abundance of photosynthetic groups in surface waters and taxa related to nitrification in intermediate and deep waters. The benthic communities from the top of the ACCR were very similar along with the sediment depth, while those from the base of ACCR showed a clear stratification pattern, with members in the deep strata mainly related to anoxic and chemosynthetic ecosystems. Dark carbon fixation rates were of the same order of magnitude as those of deep-sea cold seeps and hydrothermal vents. Our study provides the first description of the ACCR microbiome and adds new information to help formulate and implement future conservation and management strategies for vulnerable marine ecosystems.
Detection and Quantification of Coarse Woody Debris in Natural Forest Stands Using Airborne LiDAR
Authors: Jarron Lukas R , Coops Nicholas C , MacKenzie William H , Dykstra Pamela
Published: July 2021

Coarse woody debris (CWD) is a meaningful contributor to forest carbon cycles, wildlife habitat, and biodiversity and can influence wildfire behavior. Using airborne laser scanning (ALS), we map CWD across a range of natural forest stand types in north-central British Columbia, Canada, providing forest managers with spatially detailed information on the presence and volume of ground-level woody biomass. We describe a novel methodology that isolates CWD returns from large diameter logs (>30cm) using a refined grounding algorithm, a mixture of height and pulse-based filters and linear pattern recognition, to transform ALS returns into measurable, vectorized shapes. We then assess the accuracy of CWD detection at the individual log level and predict CWD volume at the plot level. We detected 64% of CWD logs and 79% of CWD volume within our plots. Increased elevation of CWD significantly aided detection (P = 0.04), whereas advanced stages of decay hindered detection (P = 0.04). ALS-predicted CWD volume totals were compared against field-measured CWD and displayed a strong correlation (R = 0.81), allowing us to expand the methodology to map CWD over a larger region. The expanded CWD volume map compared ALS volume predictions between stands and suggests greater volume in stands with older and more heterogeneous stand structure.
Factors affecting alcohol drinking behaviour among secondary school students in Vientiane Province, Lao People's Democratic Republic: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Kounnavong Thidatheb , Vonglokham Manithong , Moji Kazuhiko , Okumura Junko
Published: July 2021

Background

This study investigated alcohol consumption prevalence among adolescents in school settings in Lao People's Democratic Republic and identified factors associated with alcohol consumption to establish better school-based interventions.

Methods

Self-administered questionnaires containing items assessing alcohol drinking behaviour and underlying factors were administered to 393 secondary school students ages 10–19 y. Multivariate logistic regression was used to predict factors associated with drinking behaviour.

Results

Fifty-eight percent of respondents reported ever drinking alcohol. Among the drinkers, 52.6% were light drinkers, 16.8% were moderate drinkers, 27.0% were heavy drinkers and 3.5% were very heavy drinkers. Older age group (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 5.2 [95% confidence interval {CI} 2.6 to 10.1]); peer pressure, particularly when more than two-thirds of friends drank alcohol (AOR 8.0 [95% CI 2.2 to 29.5]); and siblings’ drinking behaviour (AOR 2.8 [95% CI 1.4 to 5.5]) were positively associated with alcohol use, while no permission to drink at home (AOR 0.2 [95% CI 0.1 to 0.6]), uncertain of permission to drink at home (AOR 0.06 [95% CI 0.02 to 0.1]) and never attempting to buy alcohol (AOR 0.2 [95% CI 0.1 to 0.4]) were negatively associated with respondents’ alcohol use.

Conclusions

By the age of 19 y, most participating students had started drinking alcohol. One-third of them were permitted to drink by family members and drinking was strongly accelerated by peer pressure. Educational programmes are needed for adolescents attending school and their families that employ peer learning to raise awareness of the ill effects of alcohol use.
Merit, Karma, and Exchange: Chinese Buddhist Mountain Tourism Company Listings on the Stock Market
Authors: Cheung Kin
Published: July 2021

Since Mount Emei, one of the four famous Chinese Buddhist mountains, became associated with a publicly traded stock as a tourism company in 1997, other Chinese Buddhist sites in mainland China have announced plans for their own Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) in China’s stock exchanges. This has elicited sharp criticism by Chinese officials and citizens denouncing these actions as greedy and against the spirit of Buddhism. However, Chinese Buddhist institutions have always extensively engaged in commercial economic activities. Attributing IPO plans’ agency to Buddhists is not straightforward due to the conflict between state actors, who control local tourist development, with others in how to present a public Buddhist image. There are differences in class perceptions of these IPOs. Examining mountain gazetteers, news articles, and public finance records, I argue Buddhist economies of merit, karma, and exchange offer alternative lenses for understanding the epitome of contemporary capitalism: engaging the stock market.
Antibiotic resistance in uropathogens across northern Australia 2007–20 and impact on treatment guidelines
Authors: Cuningham Will , Perera Shalinie , Coulter Sonali , Nimmo Graeme R , Yarwood Trent , Tong Steven Y C , Wozniak Teresa M
Published: July 2021

Background

Urinary tract infections are common and are increasingly resistant to antibiotic therapy. Northern Australia is a sparsely populated region with limited access to healthcare, a relatively high burden of disease, a substantial regional and remote population, and high rates of antibiotic resistance in skin pathogens.

Objectives

To explore trends in antibiotic resistance for common uropathogens Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in northern Australia, and how these relate to current treatment guidelines in the community and hospital settings.

Methods

We used data from an antibiotic resistance surveillance system. We calculated the monthly and yearly percentage of isolates that were resistant in each antibiotic class, by bacterium. We analysed resistance proportions geographically and temporally, stratifying by healthcare setting. Using simple linear regression, we investigated longitudinal trends in monthly resistance proportions and correlation between community and hospital isolates.

Results

Our analysis included 177 223 urinary isolates from four pathology providers between 2007 and 2020. Resistance to most studied antibiotics remained <20% (for E. coli and K. pneumoniae, respectively, in 2019: amoxicillin/clavulanate 16%, 5%; cefazolin 17%, 8%; nitrofurantoin 1%, 31%; trimethoprim 36%, 17%; gentamicin 7%, 2%; extended-spectrum cephalosporins 8%, 5%), but many are increasing by 1%–3% (absolute) per year. Patterns of resistance were similar between isolates from community and hospital patients.

Conclusions

Antibiotic resistance in uropathogens is increasing in northern Australia, but treatment guidelines generally remain appropriate for empirical therapy of patients with suspected infection (except trimethoprim in some settings). Our findings demonstrate the importance of local surveillance data (HOTspots) to inform clinical decision making and guidelines.