bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
When does life-sustaining treatment become futile?
Authors: Griffith Richard
Published: May 2014

The law has long recognised that providing continued life-sustaining treatment to very sick and critically ill patients may be futile. The courts have consistently rejected an absolutist approach to care and treatment that requires doctors and nurses to continue with futile treatment right up to the point of death. If it is no longer in the best interests of the patient to receive treatment, then even life-sustaining treatment may be lawfully withdrawn. It is essential that nurses know when care and treatment becomes futile to ensure they are acting lawfully if a decision is taken to withdraw that care and treatment. In this article the author considers the Court of Appeal's recent test for determining when treatment becomes futile and its impact on nursing practice.
FIT4Safety: recommendations in the diabetes care setting
Authors: Adams Debra , Down Su , Hicks Debbie
Published: May 2014

Sharps injuries pose a serious threat to health professionals, patients, and downstream workers. FIT4Safety is an initiative that seeks to promote safety and best practice in the diabetes setting. An Introduction to FIT4Safety and its Recommendations for the Safety of Sharps in the Diabetes Care Setting explains how and why the FIT4Safety initiative was formed, what it aims to achieve, and the importance of ensuring safety in the diabetes care setting. Outputs from FIT4Safety include Injection Safety in UK and Ireland: Safety of Sharps in Diabetes Recommendations. These recommendations were developed to provide a resource for all those directly involved in, or overseeing, diabetes care. The main topics and guidance detailed within the recommendations are discussed, as well as EU Directive 2010/32 on sharps injury prevention and the UK's Health and Safety (Sharp Instruments in Healthcare) Regulations 2013.
We need to improve community mental health care services
Authors: Tingle John
Published: May 2014

John Tingle discusses the Care Quality Commission (CQC) report on community mental health care services.
The next phase of the Care Quality Commission
Authors: Glasper Alan
Published: May 2014

Professor Alan Glasper discusses the Care Quality Commission consultation on what the public can expect from the healthcare regulator over the next 3 years
Clinical supervision: from staff nurse to nurse consultant. Part 9: models of implementation
Authors: Fowler John
Published: May 2014

He has worked as an Educational Consultant to primary care trusts and as a Principal Lecturer in Nursing for many years.

He has published widely on educational and professional topics and is series editor of the Fundamental Aspects of Nursing Series and the Nurse Survival Guide Series for Quay Books
Protecting health through public health law
Authors: Griffith Richard
Published: May 2014

The report into the outbreak of measles in the Swansea area in 2013 has recommended that public health law be used as a routine response to minimising the spread of infectious diseases. In this article, the author considers what powers are available to health and local authorities to minimise the spread of an infectious disease outbreak.
The State of Care Report 2012
Authors: Tingle John
Published: May 2014

John Tingle discusses the Care Quality Commission's recently published report The State of Health Care and Adult Social Care in England in 2011/12
How better availability of materials improved hand-hygiene compliance
Authors: Aziz Ann-Marie
Published: May 2014

Hand hygiene is one of the most effective measures for preventing infections. The annual NHS staff survey in England provides national and local data on how staff feel about working in the NHS. It also provides staff with the opportunity to give their views on the availability of hand-washing materials. The infection prevention and control team at an NHS trust decided a review was required on this issue. This review assessed the availability of hand-washing materials and alcohol handrub on wards and at ward entrances. Three community buildings and 31 wards were reviewed. The audit results showed the availability of hand-washing materials was good in 30 out of 34 areas. Staff on both wards and in the community buildings highlighted what other materials were required for hand hygiene, and steps were made to provide these. The audit allowed hand-hygiene practices to be benchmarked across the trust and increased staff awareness of improving hand hygiene. As a result of this audit, the hand-hygiene compliance score increased from 80% to 95%.
Use of winged infusion devices in intravenous therapy
Authors: Owen Kate , Berry Paul
Published: May 2014

This article has been written to highlight the licensed use of winged infusion devices for short-term intravenous (IV) therapy. There is limited published literature on the subject, yet this clinical audit has demonstrated that the use of winged infusion devices has clear advantages for patients and nurses. The audit was conducted in the community setting but could be replicated in any community or hospital environment where short-term intravenous therapy of non-vesicant fluids are administered. For the purpose of this audit, non-vesicant antibiotics were administered.
Removing all barriers: a 10-patient evaluation in the acute care setting
Authors: Bullough Lindsey , Spruce Pam
Published: May 2014

Wound bed preparation is an essential component of care in the management of wounds where healing is delayed. The removal of devitalised tissue quickly and safely may present as a challenge to clinicians. Drawtex Hydroconductive Dressing with LevaFiber Technology was evaluated within an acute hospital on a range of wounds and was shown to effectively prepare the wound bed. The speed and cost of debridement observed in this small group of patients was remarkable and suggests that this dressing can play an essential part in the wound healing process.
The role of barrier protection in pressure ulcer prevention
Authors: Haynes Jackie Stephen
Published: May 2014

This article considers the anatomy and physiology of the skin, the natural protection the skin provides in relation to barrier protection and the importance of barrier protection in pressure ulcer prevention. The current national pressure ulcer agenda including high impact actions and the SSKIN care bundle, along with their implementation within one NHS Health Care Trust are discussed.
Erectile dysfunction following retropubic prostatectomy
Authors: Lalong-Muh Julienne , Colm Treacy , Steggall Martin
Published: May 2014

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer to affect men in the UK. Treatment options depend on the grade of tumour, the patient’s co-existing diseases and choice of treatment. One potentially curative option is surgery, specifically a radical retropubic prostatectomy or variation thereof. As a consequence of the surgery, men commonly experience two side-effects: urinary incontinence and erectile dysfunction (ED). This paper outlines the clinical management of ED following surgery and aims to provide an overview of how to assess a man who has developed ED and discuss the various treatment options available, along with the efficacy in terms of recovery of erections.
HIV diagnoses are in our hands
Authors: Wingfield Tom , Cowan Joanna , Scott Kay , Herbert Annie , Ustianowski Andrew P
Published: May 2014

In response to an article published in the BJN in June 2013, we received the letter below from readers who wanted to applaud the authors’ innovative nurse-led approach to HIV testing in TB patients, as well as share their own research, which found similar results with lymphoma patients.
Concerns about care in NHS maternity services
Authors: Tingle John
Published: May 2014

John Tingle discusses two reports that reveal major patient safety care failings in maternity services.
Preventing suicide in England: saving lives
Authors: Tingle John
Published: May 2014

John Tingle discusses a recent report by the Department of Health on suicide prevention in hospitals and elsewhere.
Revalidation proposals: a chance to have your say
Authors: Glasper Alan
Published: May 2014

Professor Alan Glasper discusses proposals by the Nursing and Midwifery Council to implement robust systems for ensuring that nurses and midwives are appropriately revalidated to ensure public protection.
Intravenous versus subcutaneous access for palliative care patients
Authors: Gabriel Janice
Published: May 2014

The subcutaneous route for medication administration can prove highly effective both in terms of reliability and clinical outcomes. It is also well tolerated by patients for whom the enteral route is not an option. This extended feature comment reviews the advantages and disadvantages of both the intravenous and subcutaneous routes of medication administration for patients requiring palliation.
Long-term central IV access in patients with mitochondrial disease
Authors: Codier David , Codier Estelle
Published: May 2014

Mitochondrial disease results from alteration in genes that control mitochondrial function. Patients with this disease present with multisystem organ involvement that may include gastrointestinal (GI) tract dysfunction, including obstruction, pseudo obstruction, bowel infarction and malabsorption syndromes. For this reason, care of this population may require long-term central intravenous (IV) access for administration of hyperalimentation, fluid, medications and blood products. Additionally, these patients may be immunosuppressed and at risk of sepsis. With vulnerability across many organ systems, symptom exacerbation can result from any physiological, psychological, or environmental stressor. There is no cure for mitochondrial disease, and quality-of-life goals are paramount. If GI tract dysfunction develops, treatment may require high-acuity level home care that includes the use of a central IV access device. This article presents an overview of this challenging population, and a plan for safe and effective central IV access care.
Continuing Professional Development: Physical health assessment in people with mental health problems
Authors: Nash Michael
Published: May 2014

This article is an introduction to conducting physical health assessments. It explores factors such as infection control, privacy and dignity and taking baseline observations. Although this article is aimed at a range of mental health practitioners who have undertaken appropriate training in relation to physical health assessment, such as nurses, it is also relevant for others with screening and monitoring roles, such as health care assistants and graduate mental health workers. Physical health assessment is too important and too big a task to be left to any one professional group. Practitioners undertaking any type of physical assessment should have the appropriate knowledge and skills and learners should have appropriate support and supervision. The article includes some self-assessment to test the reader’s knowledge
Taking responsibility for one's mental illness: advantages and difficulties
Authors: Chadwick Peter
Published: May 2014

Peter Chadwick argues that the aim of all therapies is to be a midwife to the will in this challenging offering that tries to put sufferers of mental health problems firmly in the driving seat of their own recovery
Anorexia nervosa: a guide to screening and treatment
Authors: Serfontein Jaco , Shapleske Jane
Published: May 2014

This article provides an introductory overview of anorexia nervosa: its causes, epidemiology, identification (including screening) and complications. It considers the current evidence available for its treatment and outcome. It offers a brief guide to the assessment, diagnosis and management of anorexia nervosa and its common complications.
Growing leaders in mental health recovery
Authors: Lakeman Richard , Watts Mike , Howell Maurene
Published: May 2014

Richard Lakeman and GROW leaders Mike Watts and Marurene Howell review the latest developments of the multinational self help group GROW and consider how it has helped the recovery of many people over the past 50 years
Jimmy Noak
Authors: Noak Jimmy
Published: May 2014

Broadmoor Hospital is arguably the most renowned of England's three high-security psychiatric hospitals. Deputy Director of Nursing Jimmy Noak shares his experience with BJW
Improving violence reduction training
Authors: Allen John , Rogers Paul , Harbison Iain , Beech Ian , Miller Gail
Published: May 2014

Staff from the University of Glamorgan describe how its Violence Reduction course has been developed as the course enters its fifth successful year
Recognising hypoglycaemia in older people
Authors: Williams Joy , Wojciechowska Victoria
Published: May 2014

Hypoglycaemia is an acute complication associated with the use of insulin or sulphonlyureas to treat diabetes. This article will focus on the risks of hypoglycaemia in older people including the signs and symptoms. It will give an overview of diabetes and discuss the specific problems associated with aging in managing diabetes. Poorly-controlled diabetes is associated with long-term complications. Monitoring glycaemic control will be discussed including the research promoting optimal control. A case history will be included to demonstrate the risks of hypoglycaemia in older people. Discussion will include developing an individualised management plan with the patient to promote safe practice for the individual and balancing risks
Multiple sclerosis and depression
Authors: Matthews Vicki
Published: May 2014

This article introduces the link between multiple sclerosis (MS) and depression. It reviews the literature on patterns of incidence, potential triggers and common treatment approaches. The effect of clinical depression on people with MS will be explored as will the hypotheses on why there is such a high incidence of depression in people with MS
Heart and mind: coronary heart disease and depression
Authors: Haddad Mark
Published: May 2014

Overview

This article examines the relationship between depression and coronary heart disease, and considers some of the mechanisms that may underlie this association. The importance of initial condition recognition and accurate assessment is considered, and the potential of a case management approach for helping patients with this combination of health problems is explored. The article includes some self-assessment.
A new mass movement for social change
Authors: Gournay Kevin
Published: May 2014

With the official launch this month of Action For Happiness, British Journal of Wellbeing's Consultant Editor, Kevin Gournay, contemplates the potential impact of the new movement
Depression and long-term conditions
Authors: Walsh Lynne
Published: May 2014

Depression and long-term conditions often go hand-in-hand, however recognising and treating depression at an early stage can help to improve quality of life for many people. This article will discuss a variety of long-term conditions and the impact they have on individual's physical and mental wellbeing. Depression can become a long-term condition in its own right and thus practitioners must be reminded that depression may have been prevalent before the physical illness or may have developed as a consequence of the impact of the condition. The article discusses the association between long-term physical and mental health and the impact of long-term conditions on individuals and society. It also highlights the commencement of long-term conditions from an early age, addresses policy issues in the management of these conditions and recent evidence for identifying depression in hospital settings.
Sadness, pain and the medically unexplained
Authors: Wojciechowska Victoria , Gordon Jackie
Published: May 2014

This article focuses on a case study of an individual who experiences pain that cannot fully be accounted for by physical illness. We explore the different theories within mental health that may explain the physical pain felt. Factitious and dissociative disorders are touched upon yet the case predominantly describes a somatoform pain disorder, which is explored in more detail.
Will the changes to the QOF mental health indicators improve care for people with severe mental illness?
Authors: Hardy Sheila
Published: May 2014

This article describes the changes made to the mental health clinical indicators in the General Medical Services Contract for 2011/12. The likely effect from these changes directly on patient care is discussed.
Separating clinical and line management supervision in occupational therapy
Authors: Lavalette Heather , Alexander Jan , Gilmour Cheryl , Allan Jane , Sloan Graham
Published: May 2014

Clincal supervision is not only an important factor in delivering effective and evidence-based interventions but is an opportunity for staff to reflect of their practice and therefore improve their skills and knowledge. This article discusses some of the evidence around clinical supervision, outlines the training delivered to occupational therapists and the supported organisational culture change in an occupational therapy service within one NHS board in Scotland.
Evidence-based psychological therapies: from bench to bedside
Authors: Shafran Roz , Gyani Alex , Lee Michelle
Published: May 2014

Patients with mental health difficulties do not always receive appropriate and recommended psychological treatment for their difficulties, and clinicians are not always appropriately trained to deliver them. This paper considers why this might be the case and provides an overview of the Charlie Waller Institute, a not-for-profit organisation funded by the NHS, University of Reading, and the Charlie Waller Memorial Trust. The Institute seeks to address this problem by training clinicians in wide variety of evidence-based therapies and assessing the impact of this training on clinician knowledge and skill.
Wellbeing and rage
Authors: Lee Chris
Published: May 2014

Chris Lee contemplates the NHS reforms, and the relationship between wellbeing and rage
Suicide prevention training in Ayrshire and Arran: a collaborative gain
Authors: Brady Lesley , Barron Derek T
Published: May 2014

Recognising that suicide prevention training could help people from many walks of life to gain skills and confidence to explore the topic of suicide with at risk individuals, there was impetus within NHS Ayrshire and Arran and partner local authorities to deliver a comprehensive suicide prevention training programme aimed at reaching as many people as possible across agencies and sectors. This article suggests that adopting a collaborative approach is a valuable way of building capacity within both teams and communities, with the shared goal of preventing suicide.
Nutrition and mental health: the importance of diet in depression
Authors: Harbottle Lynn
Published: May 2014

As depression rates continue to rise cross-nationally, interest in natural and alternate treatment modes—including nutrition—is increasing. Research studies have established that key nutrients play a role in the mediation of mood and some intervention studies with clinically-depressed patients suggest that supplementation with certain nutrients may offer significant therapeutic potential. More work is needed to establish optimal dosage and treatment duration, in the meantime it is possible to integrate current research knowledge with the principles of healthy eating to provide helpful nutritional advice to those with depression. At the same time, it is important to remember that the condition impacts on all the activities associated with gathering and preparing food and those suffering from moderate to severe depression may be least well-equipped to follow those guidelines.
Mental health in school-aged children
Authors: Smith Hannah
Published: May 2014

Many children and young people will suffer from mental health problems at different stages during their school years.It is very important for school nurses to be able to offer advice and build relationships with those who need it
From state to independent sector: Suzanne Lamb’s day
Authors: Lamb Suzanne
Published: May 2014

‘So you’re retiring then’ joked a friend when they heard I had moved from the NHS school nurse team to work in the independent sector. Having worked as an emergency nurse practitioner, with a counselling qualification and a teaching diploma, I sincerely hoped there was no truth in the jest of this friend. It turned out I didn’t have to worry independent school nursing is actually very varied and gives huge scope to extend nursing skills.
The binge drinking culture: Fact or fiction?
Authors: Wright Jane , Shaw David , Weatherburn Gwyn , Gandy Joan
Published: May 2014

Aim:

To explore drinking culture in young people and considers the strategies that might be employed to address this public health issue as well as the motives for binge drinking.

Method:

A mixed-methods research project in southern England employed a countywide survey and qualitative focus groups. Discusion in this article focuses mainly on the qualitative phase of the project, and presents data and ideas from the young people’s perspective. Results were compared with those of a recent national survey, and there was good cross-validation between the two. In this study, survey and focus group data largely complement one another too. Focus group interviews explored young people’s opinions about how interventions would need to change in order to be most effective.

Results:

The results indicate that most young people have experience of alcohol, typically taking their first full drink around the age of 13 years.

Conclusions:

Focus groups revealed the type of alcohol consumed by young people, and the sources from which it is obtained. Young people talked about where drinking takes place and some of the untoward consequences. The results show that young people have no difficulty in obtaining alcohol, and that current attempts to dissuade them from drinking are largely ineffective. The implications for health promotion staff, teachers and other stakeholders in the community are explored.
Reducing the burden of headache in the school population
Authors: Kernick David
Published: May 2014

Headache can have a serious impact on school attendance and performance. David Kernick explains the importance of improving diagnosis and management of the condition and how school nurses can contribute to the development of a school policy.
Championing school nursing: An interview with Woody Caan
Authors: Caan Woody
Published: May 2014

Woody Caan, a strong supporter of school nursing, explains why he believes school nurses have a vital role to play in the health and wellbeing of children and young people.
Helping prevent children from taking up smoking, in schools
Authors: Swann Catherine
Published: May 2014

The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence has recently launched new guidance on school-based methods to prevent children and young people from starting to smoke.
Providing engaging training sessions to school employees
Authors: Ainsworth Paul
Published: May 2014

In the this series of articles for school nurses with no previous classroom experience, Paul Ainsworth looks at training sessions for school employees and provides some useful tips to ensure that they are fully engaged and understand the importance of the information delivered.
Gonorrhoea: Prevention, diagnosis and treatment
Authors: de Souza-Thomas Leah
Published: May 2014

Gonorrhoea is the second most commonly diagnosed bacterial STI. In-depth information on the condition is important to help school nurses develop their health promotion role, recognize possible signs of infection and encourage screening.
Helping pupils explore the negative effects of drug taking
Authors: Lamb Suzanne
Published: May 2014

‘Providing young people with the necessary drug knowledge, skills and attitudes will enable them to make informed choices and help prepare them for the responsibility they must learn to take for themselves.’ (Hertfordshire Drug Education Forum, 2010)
Children with diabetes are feeling ignored by health professionals
Authors: Dowling Libby
Published: May 2014

A recent survey has shown that children and young people are feeling ignored by health professionals and schools. School nurses can play an active role in ensuring that their needs are heard and addressed.
BJSN asks for clarity on school nursing future from government
Authors: Parr Chris , Yeatman-Biggs Beatrice
Published: May 2014

BJSN’s campaign fighting for more qualified school nurses continues to garner support.
Understanding speech, language and communication difficulties
Authors: Joffe Victoria
Published: May 2014

Speech, language and communication difficulties are the most prominent special educational needs in primary school. It is therefore essential that all school staff are familiar with these difficulties to help early identification and offer the best possible support to children.
The importance of providing supportive sexual health services
Authors: Pearson Christina , Rabie Gay
Published: May 2014

It is crucial to offer sexual health services that meet the needs of all students, by taking into account particular needs.
Sexually transmitted infections
Authors: Wright Jane
Published: May 2014

Attempts to control the spread of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) have proved very difficult over the centuries and, in 2004, HIV/AIDS remained in the top 10 causes of death across the world (WHO, 2010a). Data from 2004 onwards are expected from the World Health Organization in 2011 but the evidence suggests that STIs remain on the increase (Online Statistics, 2010). Sexual activity is the perfect medium to spread infection with close contact and the exchange of body fluids and so it is unsurprising that these infections have survived for so long. Newly identified infections such as HIV/AIDS and the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) have also been recorded. Chlamydia, one of the most common STIs today, was identified in 1957 and the incidence has continued to increase (HPA, 2010).
Unions welcome Welsh school nurse increase
Authors: Sullivan Luke , Yeatman-Biggs Beatrice
Published: May 2014

Unite has welcomed the possibility of an extra 90 school nurses to be employed in Wales.
Meningitis part 1: Causes, diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Blewitt Jane
Published: May 2014

Meningitis is a serious life-threatening disease. In this first article of a series on meningitis, Jane Blewitt introduces the different causes of meningitis, their symptoms and treatment.
Healthy school meals: A recipe for success
Authors: Day Patricia
Published: May 2014

School nurses have not traditionally been involved in promoting and lobbying for the school meal service. However, the focus is now on multi-layered interventions to reduce obesity and school meals could play a considerable role in this.
Pregnancy and reproductive health
Authors: Wright Jane
Published: May 2014

Futuristic writers have predicted different outcomes for mankind in terms of reproduction and childbirth. Aldous Huxley (1931) in Brave New World created a world where technology overcame the problems of childbirth by artificially creating life, taking away both the responsibility of parenthood and also the health risks associated with pregnancy. However, he also predicted a world where life is genetically engineered and humans are subjugated into those who have intelligence and those who do not.
Tackling obesity through school-based interventions
Authors: Hutchinson Geraldine
Published: May 2014

A raft of school-based obesity programmes have been developed over recent years. Dr Geraldine Hutchinson shares some of the findings of a new study looking at the types of programmes and their effects.
Ensuring the rights of the child with cerebral palsy are met
Authors: Scheuber Mathilda
Published: May 2014

It is important to ensure that the rights of all children are respected. Disabled children are a particularly vulnerable group and Mathilda Scheuber looks at how nurses, whether based in the community or on the ward, can help meet those rights.
Caring for children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Holt Ann
Published: May 2014

Cerebral palsy has been estimated to affect 1 in 400 children born. This article provides a brief overview of the condition and looks at ways in which school nurses can help support children and young people with cerebral palsy in schools.
Child and adolescent mental health services referrals
Authors: Lamb Suzanne
Published: May 2014

Suzanne Lamb looks at child and adolescent mental health services provision and the referral process.
Introducing the new nocturnal enuresis guideline from NICE
Authors: Weaver Anne
Published: May 2014

Anne Weaver provides a brief introduction to the new guidelines on nocturnal enuresis and explains how these can help guide school nurses in practice.
Working towards beating eating disorders
Authors: George Mary
Published: May 2014

Many people accross the UK are affected by eating disorders. Recent data shows that children account for more than one in three hospital stays for eating disorders. School nurses can play an important role in early diagnosis and prevention.
Meningitis part 3: Recovery and after-effects
Authors: Maitland Elizabeth , Cuthbert Judith
Published: May 2014

This is the third and final article of a series on meningitis. It provides information on the recovery process, and looks at the possible after-effects and complications that may occur as well as the impact these can have on educational achievement and social life in a child. Some after-effects will be immediately apparent, while others may be slow to materialize.

It will also offer practical information, which school nurses can give to teachers, school employees and families, on how they can support those affected by meningitis.

School nurses are highly skilled health professionals and can provide an essential link between the school, home and community by supporting children who have experienced meningitis through recovery and rehabilitation.
Ensuring that lower achievers also benefit from your lessons
Authors: Faber Krista
Published: May 2014

One of BJSN’s Teaching Tips columnists, Krista Faber, decided to dedicate this month’s page to integrating differentiation in your lesson plans to ensure that lower achieving pupils also benefit.
Allergic rhinitis: An overview of diagnosis and management
Authors: Morris David
Published: May 2014

Allergic rhinitis affects around 20% of the population and there is a high prevalence in children and young people. The condition can have a considerable impact on quality of life and school performance. School nurses can play an important role in supporting and ensuring that it is managed appropriately. This article looks at the epidemiology, aetiology, presentation and diagnosis of allergic rhinitis, as well as its management.
Educational implications of Meares-Irlen syndrome
Authors: Crabtree Elaine
Published: May 2014

Meares-Irlen syndrome can be defined as the inability to see comfortably due to visual perceptual distortions. The condition is also known as visual stress or scotopic sensitivity syndrome.

The condition is difficult to diagnose as the child or young person is often unaware of it. However, it can have serious consequences on educational achievement and it is crucial that educationalists and school nurses are aware of the symptoms.
Acne: The importance of timely intervention
Authors: Lavers Isabel
Published: May 2014

Acne vulgaris is the most common skin condition worldwide ( Pommerville, 2010 ), mainly affecting adolescents and young adults. Because acne is so common, many refer to it as a normal part of growing up, underestimating the serious effect acne can have on the way a young person performs at school or socially.

Acne is treatable and early intervention is crucial to the successful management of acne and to preventing post-inflammatory scarring.

School nurses are ideally placed to offer practical advice, promote early access to effective treatment and provide psychological support. The Chief Nursing Officer Review defined the role of the school nurse as providing ‘general information, advice and support about health issues’ ( Department of Health, 2006 ).

Using a case study, this article aims to provide school nurses with general information about acne, an overview of current treatment options and practical tips to support compliance.
Improving the health of children with autistic spectrum disorder
Authors: Mitton Catherine , McLoughlin Helen , Mellor Christine
Published: May 2014

It is crucial that children with special needs receive high quality health promotion. This article looks at a year long multi-disciplinary project to improve the diet, physical activity and dental health of children with autistic spectrum disorder.
Ongoing barriers and challenges for effective PSHE education
Authors: Hayward Melanie
Published: May 2014

PSHE education can help ensure that all children and young people gain the knowledge they need to make informed life choices and help them achieve a positive future. School nurses can play an important role in PSHE; however, there are still barriers and challenges that need to be overcome.
Health-related behaviours and wellbeing in children aged 10–13 years
Authors: Solley Heather , Lyttle Christopher Paul
Published: May 2014

Children's diets, lifestyle and health-related behaviours have changed in recent years. For example, physical activity now has to compete with the internet and social media, mobile phones and 24-hour television. Fruit and healthy snacks have to compete with a vast variety of sweets, chocolates, cakes, biscuits and crisps. In order to improve children's health and wellbeing it is important to have a firm understanding of children's health-related behaviours. School nurses have unique access to school children and have the ability to positively influence children, their parents and the education system to empower them to make healthy choices and improve their lifestyle.

This study critically examines health-related behaviours in children aged 10–13 years in a rural area in Scotland. It aims to establish how often the children participate in physical exercise and how much time they spend on sedentary behaviour, their diet and their perception of their own health.
More data needed on children's mental health and wellbeing
Authors: Lepkowska Dorothy
Published: May 2014

In this article, Dorothy Lepkowska looks at current mental health issues in children and young people and explains why more data is urgently needed.
Recognising the risk factors and responding to forced marriage
Authors: Thomas Carla
Published: May 2014

Forced marriage It is an important safeguarding issue and school nurses should be able to recognise the warning signs and respond appropriately in the case of diclosure. They can also play an important role in raising awareness of the issue among school staff and students.
Traumatic brain injury in children part 2: Recovery process and outcomes
Authors: Braine Mary E.
Published: May 2014

Traumatic brain injury continues to be the leading cause of acquired disability in childhood. The vast majority of children who sustain a traumatic brain injury have a good prognosis, and return home and to school or nursery. However, traumatic brain injury can impact on the child's long-term development. The ongoing monitoring of children following a traumatic brain injury becomes the responsibility of primary health professionals, educators and the family. For school-aged children the school nurse is in a prime position to monitor the child's progress. In order to identify potential problems and offer support to the child and family the school nurse must understand the recovery process following injury, and the short-term complications and long-term outcomes. Implementing appropriate early interventions, if required, will maximise the child's health and development. This article will outline the role of the school in meeting the needs of the child following traumatic brain injury and their family.
Making sure that local authorities are aware of school nurses’ role
Authors: Godson Rosalind
Published: May 2014

Many local authorities appear to be struggling to understand and integrate school nursing services into their commissioning. Rosalind Godson provides an overview of some of the services school nurses can provide in relation to the four key public health domains.
An overview of the presentation and treatment of pediculosis
Authors: Watkins Jean
Published: May 2014

Lice may affect different parts of the body, but it is the head louse that is most likely to be encountered in the school setting. This article looks at the recognition of not only head lice but also those that frequent the pubic area, axillae and the body and discusses the approach to their management.
Reducing the isolation of young people with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Ali Jacqueline
Published: May 2014

Cystic fibrosis can be an isolating condition for young people. Jacqueline Ali explains the impact the condition can have on their quality of life and provides useful advice school nurses can share with school staff on supporting students with cystic fibrosis, as well as resources on the condition.
Providing LGB adolescents with effective health education, advice and support
Authors: Cotton Richard
Published: May 2014

Although a majority of lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) adolescents experience a generally happy and healthy adolescence evidence shows that they may be disproportionaly affected by poorer mental health, are more likely to consume drugs and alcohol at an earlier age and are more likely to engage in risk-taking behaviour. This is why it is important that school nurses are equipped to carry out effective health promotion and provide appropriate support for LGB teenagers. This article aims to provide practical advice for school nurses to help them meet the needs of this group.
Helping children with ADHD reach their full potential
Authors: Voogd Caroline
Published: May 2014

Children and young people with ADHD are likely to experience a number of difficulties in the school environment. This article looks at areas in which support strategies should be put into place by schools and the multi-disciplinary team to respond to their needs and ensure they reach their full potential.
Developing life skills: The importance of PSHE and SRE
Authors: Voogd Caroline
Published: May 2014

Effective PSHE and SRE can provide children and young people with important life skills. However, among concerns that guidance on the subjects is not adequate and delivery is inconsistent, the Education Select Committee has opened an inquiry.
New resources focusing on attachment issues in school
Authors: Rose Janet , Parker Richard
Published: May 2014

A set of training materials for teachers, school leaders and governors have been published as part pf a new programme to raise awareness of the practical implications of attachment issues in schools.
The value of prevocational rehabilitation
Authors: Partridge Tracey M
Published: May 2014

Assisting someone back to vocational activity following an acquired brain injury can be a challenging goal. However, it is one that can be achieved. This article discusses the value of work and vocational activity, while also providing an example and evaluation of a prevocational programme.
The use of computers to develop or facilitate motor function after brain injury
Authors: Stern Hilary I
Published: May 2014

Computers have traditionally been used to evaluate and improve cognitive function in people with neurological damage. On the regional rehabilitation unit, computers are also used to develop motor function in patients who have severe motor deficits by encouraging the restoration of normal movement patterns, or else by using it to facilitate very restricted or abnormal motor abilities.
Occupational therapy on the Internet
Authors: Mogey Nora
Published: May 2014

The Internet must be one of the hottest topics around at the moment. It is mentioned on news programmes, fills its own magazines and gains honourable mentions in all manner of publications. So exactly what is the Internet all about, and what does it offer for occupational therapists?
Imaging: what are the options?
Authors: Castle Alan
Published: May 2014

Medical diagnosis depends upon the ability to extract anatomical and functional information from a patient, and to interpret the findings. Many health professionals rely upon the outcome of medical imaging to plan and implement treatment regimens. Consequently, an overview of some of the main imaging systems, in terms of their physical principles and clinical applications, will be of interest and value to a wide readership.
Occupational therapy in the future: the view from the Department of Health
Authors: Leach Karen
Published: May 2014

Sheelagh Richards, Occupational Therapy Officer at the Department of Health, opened the keynote addresses with praise for the collaboration between practitioners and educationalists at the University of East Anglia which enabled the conference to take place. It is such partnerships, she said, which the government is keen to foster and which will lead the occupational therapy and creative arts professions in their quest for an evidence base.
Evidence: bridging the gap between research and clinical practice
Authors: Brown Rachel
Published: May 2014

Barbara Steward, a PhD student from the University of East Anglia, began the session with an encouraging presentation entitled ‘Getting the evidence’. Drawing on her own experiences as both clinician and researcher she discussed whether current research was relevant to the clinician. She also mentioned the conflict between scientific language required for professional status and the need for more qualitative data to develop the profession's research base.
Treatment evaluation: percussion of cystic fibrosis patients
Authors: Gilbert Alison
Published: May 2014

Both criticism and support have resulted from the many studies which attempt to evaluate the clearance of pulmonary secretions using percussion. This article evaluates a specific observed treatment of a patient with cystic fibrosis. The technique of percussion is examined and critically analyzed and, taking into account other relevant factors, the efficacy of the treatment is discussed.
Osteoporosis: causes and treatment
Authors: Parsons A
Published: May 2014

In the normal young adult there is a balance between bone resorption and the laying down of new bone. A variety of factors can disturb this, leading to osteoporosis, usually via increased osteoclastic activity.
Psychological implications of the menopause
Authors: Dalton Katharina
Published: May 2014

Hormonal changes of the menopause occur over an average of 5years. Oestrogen and progesterone deficiency causes symptoms in some women. Depression and anxiety are secondary to hormonal changes, and manifest differently in each individual.
Metabolic risk factors for heart disease in women: effect of physical activity
Authors: Hardman Adrianne E
Published: May 2014

Women with high levels of physical fitness experience an decreased risk of coronary heart disease. This may be due to favourable changes in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism and/or improved glucose/insulin dynamics. Better weight regulation due to physical activity probably contributes.
Delegated autonomy: an expression of independence?
Authors: Isbister Angela J
Published: May 2014

The relationship of elderly people to their environment changes as their functional independence decreases. Control over that environment can be maintained either by exercising or by delegating autonomy. However, circumstances, or the controlling strategies of others, may force a person to relinquish their autonomy. This article discusses the role that an occupational therapist might have in helping a frail elderly person to delegate rather than surrender autonomy.
Writing an academic essay: a practical guide for nurses
Authors: Booth Yannette
Published: May 2014

Writing academic essays can be a major hurdle and source of anxiety for many students. Fears and misconceptions relating to this kind of writing can be dispelled if the task is approached in a logical and systematic manner. This article outlines the key steps involved in successfully completing an essay and provides some practical tips to facilitate critical and analytical writing. Although this process is challenging, academic writing is a means of developing both personally and professionally. It is important to note that the principles discussed in this article apply equally to all professions allied to medicine.
To lift or not to lift 1: the legal requirements for patient lifting
Authors: Tracey Clive
Published: May 2014

Employers have had 4 years to implement the Manual Handling Operations regulations (MHOR) 1992. The MHOR 1992 do not distinguish between the professions and there are no different rules for therapists, nurses or carers. Their impact on nursing and therapeutic handling is widespread. The Royal College of Nursing encourages employers to adopt ‘no lifting’ policies which are feared to have a retrograde effect on the rehabilitation of patients. This paper explains the responsibility of employers and staff in light of the regulations and guidelines. The second article of this pair, to be published in the June issue of BJTR, discusses the implications of the MHOR 1992 and no-lift policies and looks at positive solutions to this problem.
Reducing risks to patients on discharge: a managerial case study
Authors: Embling Shirley
Published: May 2014

With the development of multidisciplinary approaches to care, discharge planning has become a sophisticated process of ensuring the successful re-entry of inpatients into the community. This article outlines the discharge planning policy of an acute neurological hospital, and highlights some key issues which arose during its implementation.
Preparing professionals to use physical activity as therapy
Authors: Hewison Alistair , Waterfield Jackie
Published: May 2014

The positive effects of physical activity on health are widely accepted. This article examines the evidence that identifies the links between sport, exercise and health and suggests that health professionals need to develop an awareness of the role of physical activity in therapy. An educational initiative in this area is presented as an effective means of meeting the changing needs of clients.
A district stroke service: the need for a coordinated approach
Authors: Pollock Steve
Published: May 2014

Stroke is the third most common cause of death in Britain, but despite its medical and economic importance, management of the three facets of stroke — prevention, acute care and rehabilitation — has been unstructured and poor value for money. This article considers how these issues might be more effectively addressed by a pragmatic coordinated approach to the whole problem of stroke in a health authority.
Anger management: is it a job for OTs?
Authors: O'Neill Helen
Published: May 2014

It is often asked who should undertake anger management? The answer has to be whoever is good at it! That does not necessarily point to any one discipline but to people from a variety of backgrounds who are interested, have a good understanding of running groups and skill-building techniques, and have received further postgraduate training in the subject. Despite the early work carried out by psychologists (Novaco, 1976; Moon and Eisler, 1983), the current ownership is not clear. Occupational therapists (OTs), nurses and probation officers, to name but a few, seem to be carrying out anger management.
The effect of different rucksacks on static posture: a case study
Authors: Flack Rebecca , Jackson Joanna
Published: May 2014

A simple case study was undertaken in order to evaluate the impact of two rucksacks on the static posture of the wearer. Despite methodological shortcomings it was clear that both rucksacks had an impact on the posture of the wearer. The rucksack with the most ergonomic design considerations was clearly more comfortable for the wearer and had a lesser impact on the posture of the wearer.