bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
All that glitters is not gold: the impact of the Nutri-score label on food with geographical indication
Authors: Stiletto Alice , Cembalo Luigi , Trestini Samuele
Published: December 2024

The European Union is discussing the introduction of a mandatory front-of-pack label to address the rise in nutrition-related diseases. The Nutri-Score (NS) is the most supported candidate in the EU, despite some controversies exist. Specifically, the policy behind the NS system (i.e., the Farm to Fork Strategy—F2F) appears to conflict with the geographical indication (GI) policy, as the same products (GIs) are promoted for their superior quality by the GI policy and frequently classified as products to be avoided by the NS system. Moreover, the NS system, by encouraging the food industry to reformulate products to improve their nutritional quality, places the GIs in a disadvantageous position, due to their strict product specification. To explore the interactions between these two policies, this paper assesses the effect of the NS on retail prices of both GI and non-GI products in the French market, where this system is widely used. A hedonic price analysis was conducted on 254 raw hams (score D or E) through the estimation of a quantile regression model. Results highlight that the presence of the NS decreases the retail price of raw hams, limited to the high-priced segments. Interestingly, the negative effect is consistent for both GI and non-GI hams, suggesting that the GI label does not mitigate the impact of the NS.
Can people with longstanding bulimia nervosa suffer from severe and enduring eating disorder? A qualitative study
Authors: Robinson Paul H , Guidetti Giulia , Kasriel Jessica , Khawandanah Jomana , Hughes Maxine , Hachem Zeinab
Published: December 2024

Objectives

To interview a series of individuals with bulimia nervosa of longstanding to establish their symptoms and examine the suggestion, using qualitative analysis, that the term “Severe and Enduring Bulimia Nervosa (SEED-BN)” might be appropriate and helpful.

Methods

12 participants with Bulimia Nervosa, one male, were interviewed with the help of an interview guide. Interviews were recorded and transcribed. Transcripts were analysed using Thematic Analysis.

Results

Participants with Bulimia Nervosa described serious problems in many realms, especially social, psychological, family and relationships.

Conclusions

Bulimia nervosa of long duration is associated with many serious symptoms. It seems likely that recognition of long-standing bulimia nervosa as a severe and enduring eating disorder could encourage clinicians and families to pay attention to the wide variety of problems suffered by this group. Further research is required to examine this proposal.
Enhancing social-emotional skills in early childhood: intervention study on the effectiveness of social and emotional learning
Authors: Hosokawa Rikuya , Matsumoto Yuki , Nishida Chizuko , Funato Keiko , Mitani Aki
Published: December 2024

Background

Social and emotional learning (SEL) is crucial for developing skills such as emotional regulation, cooperation, and goal achievement. Deficits in these skills are linked to later academic and behavioral problems. While SEL interventions have been widely implemented internationally, few have been tested in early childhood settings in Japan, and their effectiveness remains unclear. In 2022, the Fun FRIENDS social and emotional learning program was introduced in class units for 4–5-year-olds attending kindergartens and children’s schools in Wakayama Prefecture, Japan. Thus, this study examined the effectiveness of the Fun FRIENDS program in children aged 4–5 years in Japan.

Methods

Fun FRIENDS is based on a cognitive-behavioral approach designed to teach participants how to cope with anxiety and stress, and to develop resilience and confidence. The program consists of 10 weekly sessions of approximately 1 h each. The intervention group comprised 115 children from two facilities, while the control group comprised 93 children from three facilities. Intervention effectiveness was evaluated through changes in externalizing (e.g., aggression, oppositional behavior) and internalizing behaviors (e.g., anxiety, depression), measured using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Finally, data from 94 participants in the intervention group and 66 participants in the control group were analyzed.

Results

In the intervention group, externalizing behaviors showed a significant reduction both before and after the intervention and internalizing behaviors also decreased significantly. Conversely, the control group did not exhibit any significant changes in either externalizing or internalizing behaviors before or after the intervention. The effect size for externalizing behaviors in the target group was 0.744, while the effect size for internalizing behaviors was 0.653.

Conclusions

Social and emotional learning programs in classrooms may effectively control problem behaviors in early childhood and prevent school maladjustment. A whole-class approach can reach more children, maximizing the preventive effects. The program can improve academic performance and social adaptation, contributing to the long-term development of psychological health and social skills. Nevertheless, further longitudinal research is required to assess the program’s long-term effects. In summary, strengthening the focus on social-emotional learning in early childhood education policy is key to realizing long-term benefits for child development.
State of the art CRISPR-based strategies for cancer diagnostics and treatment
Authors: Di Carlo Emma , Sorrentino Carlo
Published: December 2024

Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) technology is a groundbreaking and dynamic molecular tool for DNA and RNA “surgery”. CRISPR/Cas9 is the most widely applied system in oncology research. It is a major advancement in genome manipulation due to its precision, efficiency, scalability and versatility compared to previous gene editing methods. It has shown great potential not only in the targeting of oncogenes or genes coding for immune checkpoint molecules, and in engineering T cells, but also in targeting epigenomic disturbances, which contribute to cancer development and progression. It has proven useful for detecting genetic mutations, enabling the large-scale screening of genes involved in tumor onset, progression and drug resistance, and in speeding up the development of highly targeted therapies tailored to the genetic and immunological profiles of the patient’s tumor. Furthermore, the recently discovered Cas12 and Cas13 systems have expanded Cas9-based editing applications, providing new opportunities in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. In addition to traditional cis-cleavage, they exhibit trans-cleavage activity, which enables their use as sensitive and specific diagnostic tools. Diagnostic platforms like DETECTR, which employs the Cas12 enzyme, that cuts single-stranded DNA reporters, and SHERLOCK, which uses Cas12, or Cas13, that specifically target and cleave single-stranded RNA, can be exploited to speed up and advance oncological diagnostics. Overall, CRISPR platform has the great potential to improve molecular diagnostics and the functionality and safety of engineered cellular medicines. Here, we will emphasize the potentially transformative impact of CRISPR technology in the field of oncology compared to traditional treatments, diagnostic and prognostic approaches, and highlight the opportunities and challenges raised by using the newly introduced CRISPR-based systems for cancer diagnosis and therapy.
Unlocking higher methane yields and digestate nitrogen availability in soil through thermal treatment of feedstocks in a two-step anaerobic digestion
Authors: Nyang’au Jared Onyango , El Mahdi Jihane , Møller Henrik Bjarne , Sørensen Peter
Published: December 2024

Background

There is an increasing interest in using lignocellulosic feedstocks for biogas production. Treatment of these feedstocks prior to anaerobic digestion (AD) can enhance their accessibility to microorganisms involved in the process. To improve the digestion of recalcitrant feedstocks and boost biogas yields, many biogas plants now employ two-step AD systems, extending substrate residence times. However, the combined effect of feedstock treatment and two-step AD on methane yield and fertiliser value of digestates are underexplored. This study, therefore, evaluated the effectiveness of thermal treatment (TT) of pre-digested agricultural feedstocks before a secondary AD step on the carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) dynamics of digestates following application to soil. It also investigated the effects of TT on methane yields. Pre-digested feedstock (PDF) was treated at three different temperatures (70 °C, 120 °C and 180 °C) for 60 min, followed by parallel secondary AD steps using lab-scale continuous stirred-tank reactors (CSTR) and a batch test. Thermally treated feedstocks with and without a secondary AD step were applied to soil to study C and N dynamics and turnover for 2 months.

Results

TT at 180 °C increased ultimate CH4 yields by 7.2%; however, it decreased the net mineral N release in soil from 42 to 34% (of N input). Adding a secondary AD step increased the net mineral N release in soil from an average of 39% to 47% (of N input), with the effect of TT levelling off. Moreover, the secondary AD step significantly reduced C mineralisation rates from an average of 37% to 26% (of C applied).

Conclusions

Overall, TT at 120–180 °C can improve biogas yields of recalcitrant feedstocks, but it may lead to the formation of refractory nitrogen compounds resistant to further degradation during AD, potentially resulting in a lower N fertiliser value of digestates.

Graphical Abstract
Relation between magnetopause position and reconnection rate under quasi-steady solar wind dynamic pressure
Authors: Kim Hyangpyo , Connor Hyunju Kim , Zou Ying , Park Jaeheung , Nakamura Rumi , McWilliams Kathryn
Published: December 2024

The lunar environment heliospheric X-ray imager (LEXI) and solar wind–magnetosphere–ionosphere link explorer (SMILE) will observe the magnetopause motion in soft X-rays to understand dayside reconnection modes as a function of solar wind conditions after their respective launches in the near future. To support their successful science mission, we investigate the relationship between the magnetopause position and the dayside reconnection rate by utilizing super dual auroral radar network (SuperDARN) observations and widely used empirical models of magnetopause position (Shue et al. in J Geophys Res 103:17691–17700. https://doi.org/10.1029/98JA01103, 1998 and Lin et al. in J Geophys Res 115:A04207. https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JA014235, 2010). We select three cases when the interplanetary magnetic field rotates during periods of quasi-steady solar wind dynamic pressure. We first estimate the dayside reconnection rate by calculating the electric field along the open–closed magnetic field boundary (OCB) in the OCB moving reference frame. Then, we estimate the magnetopause position near the local noon by inputting NASA OMNI solar wind data into the empirical magnetopause models. The reconnection rate shows anti-correlation with the magnetopause position that it generally increases as the magnetopause located closer to Earth and vice versa. Our result also confirms that the reconnection rate increases as the empirical coupling efficiency between solar wind and the magnetosphere increases.

Graphical abstract
Non-affinity platform for processing knob-into-hole bispecific antibody
Authors: Wang Xiaoyang , Li Min , Li Mengting , Hong Huoyan , Gao Kai , Zhao Puya
Published: December 2024

Bispecific antibodies hold significant potential as next-generation biotherapeutics owing to their ability to simultaneously bind to two targets. However, the development of bispecific antibodies as biotherapeutics has been hindered by the high levels of byproducts produced, including both high molecular weight and low molecular weight variants. In addition, the inevitable expression of homodimers in host cells presents further obstacles to the commercial development of bispecific antibodies as therapeutics. These byproducts, which share similar physicochemical properties with the target, pose several challenges for downstream purification processes. In this study, we present a non-protein A purification platform that employ a one-step polishing chromatography to purify bispecific antibodies. Mixed-mode Capto adhere resin was used to capture the target protein at pH 7.90 ± 0.10, followed by anion exchange chromatography as a polishing step. Overall, the results of this two-step chromatography purification method demonstrated at final product purity of 98% as assessed by size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography (SEC-HPLC) and 98% by reversed-phase-high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), with residual host cell proteins controlled at 10 ppm and an excellent recovery rate of approximately 60%. This study presents a non-protein A capture platform, offering a simplified, streamlined, and competitive alternative to conventional affinity chromatography.

Graphical Abstract
Comparative analysis of metabolic characteristics and prognostic stratification of HER2-low and HER2-zero breast cancer using 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging
Authors: Gao Yuan , Yin Lei , Ma Linlin , Wu Caixia , Zhu Xiaojuan , Liu Hongjin , Liang Li , Chen Jinzhi , Chen Yulong , Ye Jingming , Xu Ling , Liu Meng
Published: December 2024

Background

Recent advancements in novel anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have highlighted the emerging HER2-low breast cancer subtype with promising therapeutic efficacy. This study aimed to comparatively analyze the metabolic characteristics and prognostic stratification of HER2-low and HER2-zero breast cancer using baseline fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging.

Methods

Consecutive patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT prior to therapy in our hospital were retrospectively reviewed. The relationship between metabolic parameters (maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), tumor-to-liver SUV ratio (TLR), total lesion glycolysis (TLG), and metabolic tumor volume (MTV)) in primary lesions and HER2 expression was analyzed. The survival analyses were performed to identify the prognostic factors for disease-free survival (DFS) in patients with HER2-negative (HER2-low versus -zero).

Results

In total, 258 patients (mean age: 54 ± 12 years) were included. In hormone receptor (HR)-positive subgroup, SUVmax and TLR were significantly higher in HER2-low than in HER2-zero (P = 0.045 and 0.03, respectively). But in HR-negative subgroup, there was no significant metabolic difference between HER2-low and HER2-zero (All P > 0.05). The four metabolic parameters were significant predictors of DFS in HER2-negative patients (All P < 0.01), but there was no significant difference in DFS between HER2-low and -zero, regardless of tumor metabolism. Moreover, in HER2-zero patients, the DFS of patients with high metabolism was significantly shorter than that of patients with low metabolism (PSUVmax = 0.002, PMTV = 0.03, PTLG= 0.005, PTLR < 0.001, respectively), but without a similar finding in HER2-low patients.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrated the HR-positive HER2-low breast cancer exhibited a particularity in glucose metabolic profile. Additionally, HER2-zero patients with elevated metabolism were associated with inferior prognosis and warranted careful attention in clinical evaluations.
Revolutionizing treatment for disorders of consciousness: a multidisciplinary review of advancements in deep brain stimulation
Authors: Yang Yi , Cao Tian-Qing , He Sheng-Hong , Wang Lu-Chen , He Qi-Heng , Fan Ling-Zhong , Huang Yong-Zhi , Zhang Hao-Ran , Wang Yong , Dang Yuan-Yuan , Wang Nan , Chai Xiao-Ke , Wang Dong , Jiang Qiu-Hua , Li Xiao-Li , Liu Chen , Wang Shou-Yan
Published: December 2024

Among the existing research on the treatment of disorders of consciousness (DOC), deep brain stimulation (DBS) offers a highly promising therapeutic approach. This comprehensive review documents the historical development of DBS and its role in the treatment of DOC, tracing its progression from an experimental therapy to a detailed modulation approach based on the mesocircuit model hypothesis. The mesocircuit model hypothesis suggests that DOC arises from disruptions in a critical network of brain regions, providing a framework for refining DBS targets. We also discuss the multimodal approaches for assessing patients with DOC, encompassing clinical behavioral scales, electrophysiological assessment, and neuroimaging techniques methods. During the evolution of DOC therapy, the segmentation of central nuclei, the recording of single-neurons, and the analysis of local field potentials have emerged as favorable technical factors that enhance the efficacy of DBS treatment. Advances in computational models have also facilitated a deeper exploration of the neural dynamics associated with DOC, linking neuron-level dynamics with macroscopic behavioral changes. Despite showing promising outcomes, challenges remain in patient selection, precise target localization, and the determination of optimal stimulation parameters. Future research should focus on conducting large-scale controlled studies to delve into the pathophysiological mechanisms of DOC. It is imperative to further elucidate the precise modulatory effects of DBS on thalamo-cortical and cortico-cortical functional connectivity networks. Ultimately, by optimizing neuromodulation strategies, we aim to substantially enhance therapeutic outcomes and greatly expedite the process of consciousness recovery in patients.
Safety of talimogene laherparepvec: a real‐world retrospective pharmacovigilance study based on FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS)
Authors: Hong Yifan , Cheng Kebin , Qu Han , Wang Yuting , Wang Yuanyuan , Fan Guorong , Wu Zhenghua
Published: December 2024

Background

Oncolytic virus therapy is a rapidly evolving emerging approach for the medical management of cancer. Talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC) is the first and only Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved oncolytic virus therapy. Considering that exactly how T-VEC works is not known, there is a strong need for a comprehensive pharmacovigilance study to identify safety signals of potential risks with T-VEC.

Objective

The objective of this study was to assess the risk of adverse events (AEs) related to T-VEC.

Methods

We implemented a pharmacovigilance study utilizing individual case safety reports (ICSRs) reported to the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database dated from 2004 quarter 1 to 2023 quarter 3. In this study, we used two algorithms, reporting odds ratio (ROR) and information component (IC), to assess the risk of AEs related to T-VEC.

Results

A total of 1138 ICSRs of patients who received the T-VEC and reported to the FDA dated from 2004 quarter 1 to 2023 quarter 3 were available. A total of seven system organ classes (SOCs) demonstrated statistically significant signals, i.e. General disorders and administration site conditions, Injury, poisoning and procedural complication, Infections and infestations, Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified, Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders, Hepatobiliary disorders, and Endocrine disorders. From the preferred term level perspective, the most reported AEs in T-VEC-treated patients were pyrexia, illness, influenza, influenza-like illness, and chills. Unexpected significant AEs were detected, such as sepsis, encephalitis, syncope, and lymphadenopathy.

Conclusions

Most AEs in T-VEC-treated patients have been previously mentioned in the prescriptive information or documented in other clinical trials. But safety signals were also be detected in 4 unexpected AEs (sepsis, encephalitis, syncope, and lymphadenopathy). Further clinical trials need to be undertaken to facilitate a more comprehensive comprehension of the safety profile of T-VEC.
Regional scale diversity and distribution of soil inhabiting Tetracladium
Authors: Lazar Anna , Griffiths Robert I. , Goodall Tim , Norton Lisa R. , Mushinski Ryan M. , Bending Gary D.
Published: December 2024

The genus Tetracladium has historically been regarded as an aquatic hyphomycete. However, sequencing of terrestrial ecosystems has shown that Tetracladium species might also be terrestrial soil and plant-inhabiting fungi. The diversity of Tetracladium species, their distribution across ecosystems, and the factors that shape community composition remain largely unknown. Using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) amplicon sequencing, we investigated the spatial distribution of Tetracladium in 970 soil samples representing the major ecosystems found across the British landscape. Species of the genus were found in 57% of the samples and across all vegetation types. The Tetracladium sequences we recovered included species common in aquatic ecosystems. However, we found five additional clades that clustered with environmental sequences previously found in terrestrial environments. The community composition of the Tetracladium OTUs was mainly related to vegetation type and soil pH. Strikingly, both taxon richness and overall abundance were highest in arable soils and showed positive relationships with soil pH. T. maxilliforme and a taxon of environmental sequences, Tetracladium group 1, was the biggest group, had the most relative abundance across ecosystems and was found in all vegetation types. Overall, this study provides insights into the community composition patterns of Tetracladium in terrestrial ecosystems and highlights the importance of vegetation characteristics in shaping Tetracladium communities.
Successful analgesic treatment with continuous sacral epidural ethanol injection therapy for anal pain caused by multiple metastases of malignant pheochromocytoma
Authors: Sato Takehito , Inoue Shigeru , Asano Ichiko , Ando Takahiro , Shibata Yasuyuki
Published: December 2024

Background

Anal and perineum pain caused by malignant tumor invasion is often difficult to control with opioids. Continuous sacral epidural ethanol injection therapy is less likely to cause bladder and rectal disturbances, making it a suitable treatment option for patients with preserved voiding function.

Case presentation

A 45-year-old woman with multiple metastases of malignant pheochromocytoma suffered severe anal pain that worsened, especially when sitting, and was unresponsive to opioid rescue therapy.

With her NRS score of 9, a sacral epidural catheter was placed, and a continuous infusion of 2% lidocaine was administered overnight. This is followed by a 1.5mL bolus of ethanol and continuous ethanol administration at 2 mL/h. After administration, her anal pain decreased to approximately NRS 0–1, and she was subsequently discharged.

Conclusion

We report successful pain control using continuous sacral epidural ethanol injection therapy in a patient with anal pain due to malignant pheochromocytoma metastasis.
Exploring the association between gender equality in the family and fertility intentions: an explanation of the findings in low-fertility countries
Authors: Leocádio Victor , Verona Ana Paula , Wajnman Simone
Published: December 2024

Previous research has demonstrated a positive association between gender equality in the family and fertility measures. However, this association may vary when different features of gender equality in the family, such as the division of housework and childcare, are analyzed. Furthermore, it has been argued that individuals may have different perceptions regarding housework and childcare, which can further explain how the division of these activities is associated with fertility outcomes. We performed a microlevel investigation of the association between the division of housework and childcare and fertility intentions with the aim of identifying patterns (or their absence) in the association. We hypothesized that a more equitable division of tasks is associated with increased fertility intentions. We used data from the first round of the Generations and Gender Survey (GGS) in ten countries: Germany, Belgium, Austria, France, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Russia, Bulgaria, and Georgia. Our samples included individuals who were in heterosexual relationships and had one child. We employed binary logistic regression for analysis. Overall, our findings suggested that a more equitable division of housework was associated with an increased likelihood of intending to have a second child. Conversely, a less equitable division of childcare was associated with a decreased likelihood of intending to have a second child. Owing to the discussion of the diverse perceptions that individuals may hold regarding housework and childcare, this study contributes to the literature by proposing a theoretical explanation for the patterns observed in our results. The results align with those of previous studies indicating that childcare is generally viewed as enjoyable and rewarding, whereas housework tends to be negatively evaluated and linked to perceptions of unfairness and inequality. Consequently, a more equitable division of housework may reduce work‒family conflict and potentially be associated with increased fertility intentions. In contrast, if childcare is perceived as fulfilling, engaging in more childcare activities may lead to increased fairness rather than unfairness, leading to the association between less equal division of childcare and increased fertility intentions.
A comparison of routine [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 preparation using Locametz and Illuccix kits
Authors: Wang Ivan E. , Morrissette Luke J. , Wong Ka Kit , Brooks Allen F. , Dakanali Marianna , Scott Peter J. H.
Published: December 2024

Background

Approval of Locametz and Illuccix kits for the manufacture of [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 (gallium Ga68 gozetotide), a PET imaging agent for prostate cancer, as well as the corresponding therapeutic ([177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 Pluvicto), has led to a rapid increase in demand for [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET imaging. Radiopharmaceutical manufacturers, using 68Ge/68Ga generators, may decide to adopt Locametz and/or Illuccix kits, which requires a comparison to select the most suitable kit for day-to-day use. The objective of this article is to compare both kits and provide guidance for selecting one for routine use, as well as evaluate labeling consistency of both kits during routine production. Additionally, we report our experience during 1.5 years of daily [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 production at our facility using both kits.

Results

Locametz (n = 181) and Illuccix (n = 256) kits were prepared using non-silicone coated and silicone-coated needles with 68Ga activities ranging from 0.53 to 3.16 GBq, with a failure rate of 1 in 128 runs for both kits. With Locametz, a 3.7 GBq generator and 10-min incubation at room temperature gave doses that passed quality control (QC) testing. Use of non-silicone coated needles in the process led to solution discoloration, and QC failure. Additionally, lack of vial inversion led to inconsistent labeling, which improved with subsequent vial agitation. For Illuccix, addition of the acetate buffer to the precursor vial prior to adding the [68Ga]GaCl3 simplifies the workflow. The maximum tolerated activity was 1.85 GBq. Lack of vial inversion led to failures, which were rectified by agitating the vial to properly incorporate the acetate solution with the generator eluate.

Conclusions

Both kits benefited from using a syringe pump to elute the 68Ge/68Ga generator, vial agitation, and longer length/smaller bore silicone coated needles. Both kits have similar workflows, comparable QC outcomes, and result in equivalent clinical images. Thus, the decision between kits will ultimately be determined by production preferences. Since radiopharmacies have an established “kit-based” workflow, Locametz kits with higher allowed activities and longer shelf-life may offer benefits. Conversely, more traditional PET manufacturing facilities might benefit from using Illuccix kits due to compatibility with cyclotron-produced [68Ga]GaCl3 allowing for kit batching. Ultimately, the commercial availability of 2 approved kits for production of [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET has facilitated ready access to this important new imaging agent.
A systematic review of qualitative studies examining barriers and facilitators to orthopaedic surgeon engagement with patient-reported outcome measures data
Authors: Heath Emma L. , Harris Ian A. , Romero Lorena , Ackerman Ilana N.
Published: December 2024

Background

Orthopaedic surgeon engagement with patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) data has not been comprehensively evaluated, despite increasing uptake of orthopaedic PROMs programmes globally. The aim of this review was to systematically identify, appraise and synthesise qualitative evidence on barriers and facilitators to orthopaedic surgeons’ engagement with PROMs data and their use of these data to support clinical practice.

Methods

Six databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, COCHRANE CENTRAL, PSYCINFO, CINAHL and EMCARE) were searched from January 2000—March 2024 to identify potentially eligible qualitative studies. Established systematic review methods were used for screening and data extraction, applying PRISMA guidelines. Quality assessment was undertaken using the Joanna Briggs Institute tool for qualitative research.

Results

Eight studies were eligible for inclusion; of these, five studies were qualitative and three studies were mixed-method designs incorporating a qualitative component. Three studies were specific to orthopaedic surgeons and the remaining five studies comprised of mixed samples of health professionals including orthopaedic surgeons. Only one study was classified as being of high methodological quality. Key barrier themes for orthopaedic surgeons were logistical issues, difficulty interpreting and understanding PROMs, and scepticism of the value of PROMs in clinical care. Key enabler themes included improvements to PROMs infrastructure, surgeon education around the potential value, uses and interpretation of PROMs data, aggregate reporting of PROMs data and early involvement of surgeons in the planning and development of PROM systems.

Conclusion

While these studies highlight some practical considerations and opportunities that can be addressed through clinician education, there is little high-quality evidence on factors that influence orthopaedic surgeon engagement with PROMs data. Robust qualitative research is needed to better inform tailored support and assist surgeons in integrating PROMs data within orthopaedic care.
Assessing usability of electronic patient-reported outcome measures in older people with and without a rare dermatologic disorder
Authors: Ho Calvin N. , Kündig Anna , Bahadori Lila , Roat Katy , Bruce Rachel , Goswami Caroline P. , Kelly Kimberly , Moll Thomas
Published: December 2024

Background

Robust and well-defined data collection is important when using electronic patient-reported outcome measures (ePROMs) in clinical studies. Questions have been raised as to whether older age may be a barrier to data collection due to patients’ unfamiliarity with electronic devices. Older adults may also have underlying health conditions that affect their ability to fill out patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) on electronic devices. The aim of this observational, qualitative research study was to evaluate the usability of electronic PROMs (ePROMs) on a tablet and smartphone in older participants with and without bullous pemphigoid (BP).

Methods

Older people with and without BP were recruited in the US and France. They participated in 60-min in-person interviews, with moderators observing their completion of various tasks, including ePROMs, using a tablet and smartphone. Participants were scored on ease of task completion using a scale from 1 to 5.

Results

A total of 12 participants were recruited (≥65 years old; six each with and without BP [all participants without BP were ≥75 years old]). Most participants (83%) could easily and confidently perform most assigned tasks on both the tablet and smartphone. Although select tasks required assistance, all participants were eventually able to complete all tasks. Overall, ePROM usability did not correlate with age, sex, country, or disease state. Feedback on the general usability of both electronic devices was largely positive, and most participants (n = 11; 92%) were willing to use them. Participants were generally pleased with the training modules offered on both devices, describing the training as sufficient, straightforward, and helpful. In total, 25 usability issues were identified, which fell into three categories: incomplete instructions, unclear language, and insufficient technical/visual design. Participants provided feedback on how to enhance device usability.

Conclusions

The results suggest that older people can confidently use a tablet or smartphone for ePROM completion, particularly with appropriate training. ePROMs should be designed with the needs of the target patient population in mind. These results can be leveraged to improve clinical data recording, optimize device usability, and enhance the user experience for older people and those with functional or physical limitations.

Graphical abstract
Improvements in quality of life of patients with multiple sclerosis receiving alemtuzumab in clinical practice: the LEMVIDA study
Authors: Meca-Lallana José Eustasio , Eichau Sara , Casanova Bonaventura , Rodríguez Elena Álvarez , Pato Antonio , Forner Mireia , Toledo Baldo
Published: December 2024

Background

Alemtuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody approved for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Its efficacy and safety have been widely demonstrated in clinical trials, but experience from real-world cohorts is also needed to support its clinical use. Quality of life (QoL) outcomes are an important complement to the clinical benefits of treatment, offering a patient-centered perspective on how the drug contributes to general well-being. In this line we aimed to evaluate the QoL of patients treated with alemtuzumab in clinical practice.

Methods

This prospective 3-year multicenter study was carried out in adult patients diagnosed with RRMS who had started alemtuzumab according to clinical practice within 8 weeks before inclusion. The primary endpoint was the change in QoL over three years of treatment with alemtuzumab using the 29-item Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale (MSIS-29). Secondary endpoints included changes from baseline in the 21-item Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS-21), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT, oral version) and Work Productivity. Disability worsening was also assessed based on the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), along with the annualized relapse rate (ARR) and radiological activity.

Results

A cohort of 165 patients was analyzed (mean age 38.6 years, mean disease duration 8.5 years, mean EDSS score 3.3). MSIS-29 physical domain scores decreased significantly from baseline by a mean of 7.2 ± 1.8 points at year 1, 6.4 ± 2.2 at year 2 and 5.6 ± 2.3 at year 3 (p < 0.05 in all cases). Similarly, MSIS-29 psychological domain scores decreased significantly by a mean of 7.9 ± 2.4 points at year 1, 12.8 ± 2.9 at year 2 and 13.2 ± 3.0 at year 3 (p < 0.05 in all cases). Significant reductions from baseline were also evidenced in MFIS-21 and BDI-II scores, while SDMT scores remained unchanged. During the 3 years on alemtuzumab, the ARR was 0.15, representing an 83% reduction from the 2 years before initiation. At 3 years, 81.5% of patients were free from radiological activity and 87% were free from disability worsening.

Conclusions

These results indicate early and substantial improvements in patients’ perception of their QoL and functioning with alemtuzumab that were sustained over three years.
Development of a standard set of key work-related outcomes for use in practice for patients with cardiovascular disease: a modified Delphi study
Authors: Hagendijk Marije E. , Zipfel Nina , Hoving Jan L. , Melles Marijke , van der Wees Philip J. , van der Burg-Vermeulen Sylvia J.
Published: December 2024

Background

To facilitate the maintenance or resumption of participation in work for patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD), there is a need for high-quality work-focused healthcare. According to the concept of value-based healthcare, quality of care can be enhanced by understanding the outcomes that matter most to patients. However, a major challenge in assessing quality of work-focused healthcare in practice is the lack of consensus on which work-related outcomes should be measured.

Objective

The objective of this study was to identify a standard set of key work-related outcomes for patients with CVD to be used in practice of work-focused healthcare in the Netherlands, including standardised outcome measures and associated case mix factors. This standard set is intended to assist occupational and other health professionals in delivering work-focused healthcare that meets a patient’s individual needs regarding work participation, and to enhance patients’ engagement in their own work-focused care process.

Methods

A 2-round RAND-modified Delphi process was conducted. The process included literature searches, consecutive research team meetings, and several meetings and rounds of voting by a working group. The working group consisted of patients with CVD (n = 6) and health professionals representing different stakeholders (n = 11) involved in work-focused healthcare for this patient population in the Netherlands. Consensus was reached over four phases: (1) establishing the scope of the standard set and defining the population, (2) prioritising and defining the outcome domains, (3) selecting the outcome measures for the most important domains, including clinical data and patient-reported data, and (4) selecting and defining case mix factors.

Results

A 23-item patient-reported questionnaire was developed, called the Value@WORK-Q23, including questions on nine work-related outcome domains considered most important for patients with CVD: (1) work participation, (2) physical work ability, (3) mental work ability, (4) suitable work, (5) support from the work environment, (6) flexibility of the work environment, (7) communication with the patient, (8) person-centredness, and (9) interdisciplinary communication. In addition, nine case mix variables was selected, comprising demographic-, disease-, and work factors.

Conclusions

The Value@WORK-Q23 provides guidance on measuring the most important work-related outcomes for patients with CVD. Using this work-related set in practice, in addition to existing disease-specific standard sets for CVD may facilitate the provision of high-value work-focused healthcare for this patient population.
Virulence of Jordanian indigenous Beauveria bassiana isolates as entomopathogenic fungi against red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Irshaid Leena A. , Sweiss Mais A. , Hasan Hazem S. , Dahi Hassan F. , Al-Awaisheh Heba A. , Al-Rajabi Danea A.
Published: December 2024

Background

Red palm weevil (RPW), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), has recently become a significant threat to date palm trees in Jordan and other regions around the world. This destructive pest causes significant economic losses by boring into palm trunks, leading to tree death. Among the different pest management methods within integrated pest management (IPM) programs, biological control utilizing microorganisms has emerged as a promising sustainable approach. Of particular interest is the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana which has shown significant efficacy against various insect pests and could be promising.

Results

Three local isolates of B. bassiana were obtained from soil samples in the Al-Balqa governorate, Jordan. These isolates were identified using morphological and molecular techniques. The virulence of these isolates against RPW larvae and adults was evaluated under laboratory conditions, with isolate BA1 approved to be the most effective, causing 100% mortality rates of wax moth larvae and 90% in RPW larvae, with about 60% mortality of RPW adults. Comparative studies underscored the variability in virulence among different B. bassiana isolates which were influenced by factors such as hydrophobicity and enzymatic activity.

Conclusions

The findings suggest that local B. bassiana isolates hold potential as an environmentally safe strategy for IPM in date palm cultivation, contributing to sustainable pest control practices for RPW.
Himalayan fermented beverages and their therapeutic properties with scientific validations: a comprehensive review
Authors: Majumder Soumya , Bhattacharya Malay
Published: December 2024

The Himalayan ethnoecology revolves around a balanced relationship between harsh mountain environment and the diverse lifestyles of its ethnic communities, where traditional knowledge on medicinal plants and fermented foods plays important role in their survival strategies. At high-altitudinal cold temperature and hypoxic condition, Himalayan tribal communities opt for easily digestible pre-digested foods rich in nutrients. Lack of suitable conditions for agriculture, the remoteness of the settlements, poor transportation systems, and limited availability of raw materials throw challenges to the agriculture and food production in the Himalayas which necessitate food preservation to extend shelf life. Thus, fermentation process is carried out to extend the shelf life of a food rather than just alcohol production. Chhang, soor, tongba, jaanr, raksi, apong, yu, zutho, judima, chu, qingke, ara, etc., are traditionally fermented beverages consumed in the Himalayan regions for relaxation which also offer health benefits. These ethnic beverages are often fortified with ethnomedicinal natural products native to the Himalayas which help inhabitants and tourists in coping with altitude-related stresses and acclimatizing to the region's climate. This review work begins with a background unfolding various altitudinal stresses on human health in Himalaya’s perspective and continues with an investigation into the scientifically proven benefits of traditional fermented beverages. There is a pile of document that reports surveyed secondary data on identification of region specific starters and beverages, ethnobotanic preparations and ethnomedicinal claims of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, gastrointestinal-protective, rejuvenating and altitude-sickness healing properties. This review article identified the limited volume research on nutraceutical values of the Himalayan fermented beverages and described scientific validations of the ethnomedicinal claims through biochemical characterization, ethno-microbiology and metabolomics.
Deep learning enhanced quantum holography with undetected photons
Authors: Fan Weiru , Qian Gewei , Wang Yutong , Xu Chen-Ran , Chen Ziyang , Liu Xun , Li Wei , Liu Xu , Liu Feng , Xu Xingqi , Wang Da-Wei , Yakovlev Vladislav V.
Published: December 2024

Holography is an essential technique of generating three-dimensional images. Recently, quantum holography with undetected photons (QHUP) has emerged as a groundbreaking method capable of capturing complex amplitude images. Despite its potential, the practical application of QHUP has been limited by susceptibility to phase disturbances, low interference visibility, and limited spatial resolution. Deep learning, recognized for its ability in processing complex data, holds significant promise in addressing these challenges. In this report, we present an ample advancement in QHUP achieved by harnessing the power of deep learning to extract images from single-shot holograms, resulting in vastly reduced noise and distortion, alongside a notable enhancement in spatial resolution. The proposed and demonstrated deep learning QHUP (DL-QHUP) methodology offers a transformative solution by delivering high-speed imaging, improved spatial resolution, and superior noise resilience, making it suitable for diverse applications across an array of research fields stretching from biomedical imaging to remote sensing. DL-QHUP signifies a crucial leap forward in the realm of holography, demonstrating its immense potential to revolutionize imaging capabilities and pave the way for advancements in various scientific disciplines. The integration of DL-QHUP promises to unlock new possibilities in imaging applications, transcending existing limitations and offering unparalleled performance in challenging environments.
Investigating the impact of social media advertising and risk factors on customer online buying behavior: a trust-based perspective
Authors: Jabeen Riffut , Khan Kashif Ullah , Zain Fahad , Atlas Fouzia , Khan Farhan
Published: December 2024

In the realm of ever-changing e-commerce, understanding the dynamics of customer online buying behavior (COBB) is pivotal. This study investigates the impact of risk factors—financial risk (FR), time risk (TR), and psychological risk (PR) along with social media advertising (SMA) on COBB with the mediating effect of trust. Grounded on the stimulus–organism–response theory, the research targets diverse segments including students, businessmen, employees, working women, and housewives. To ensure a high response rate, an online questionnaire was distributed via email, WhatsApp, and social media groups of online buyers. Convenience sampling was used to collect primary data from 350 respondents. Data analysis that employed the Statistical Package for Social Sciences, including descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, normality testing, and regression analysis, was performed for reliability, validity and hypothesis testing. The findings underscore the significant negative impact of risk factors (FR, TR, PR) on building customer trust and subsequent online shopping behavior. Social media advertising has a positive and significant impact on trust and COBB. Furthermore, trust emerged as a significant determinant of COBB, thereby validating its pivotal role in online consumer decision-making processes. Moreover, trust mediates the relationship between risk factors, SMA and COBB. This study consists of both practical and theoretical contributions, offering insights into the nuanced interplay between risk perceptions, SMA effectiveness, trust dynamics, and COBB. These insights are essential for marketers, policymakers, and researchers navigating the evolving landscape of e-commerce.
Repurposing dapagliflozin for Alzheimer's disease: a mechanistic exploration
Authors: Saeed Marwa M.
Published: December 2024

Background

Several researches describe Alzheimer’s disease (AD) as Type-III diabetes mellitus due to shared pathophysiological mechanisms between AD and DM and the fact that one disease can increase the incidence of the other. Therefore, keeping glucose level under control protects the brain from its harmful effects and delays the incidence of AD in susceptible individuals by using anti-diabetic agents. Several anti-diabetic classes were explored for their protective effect against AD, among them that attracted more attention was sodium–glucose cotransporter inhibitor dapagliflozin (DAPA).

Main body of the abstract

This review aims at illustrating various protective mechanisms that DAPA proved to exert on cognition and memory. DAPA showed promising results by its influence on behavioral parameters highlighted enhancement of both spatial and non-spatial learning and memory, in addition to ameliorating associated anxiety by its effect on various neurotransmitters. DAPA succeeded in promoting neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, and synaptic density, and managed to demonstrate anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiapoptotic properties. Moreover, DAPA enhanced the activity of mitochondria and promoted autophagy, in addition to its impact on the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways.

Short conclusion

DAPA showed promising results in different AD models to enhance memory and improve cognitive deficits.

Graphical abstract