bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of distribution of introduced mammals in Ukraine and factors influencing them
Authors: Zagorodniuk I. , Lazariev D.
Published: February 2025

This article considers changes in the composition of the fauna and in the abundance of alien mammals from the group of introduced species over the past two decades, which in Ukraine are marked by two powerful processes. These are the distinct processes of climate warming and shortening of winters, on the one hand, and the large-scale war waged by Russia against Ukraine on the territory of Ukraine, on the other. Such changes in the natural environment lead to significant shifts in the boundaries of natural zones and, accordingly, the living conditions of all species, not only local biota but also aliens. Among the latter, a special group is made up of introduced species, as those that appeared not as a result of natural dispersal in the context of global climate change, but due to various types of introductions. Among them are three species from the superorder Rodentia ( Oryctolagus cuniculus , Ondatra zibethicus , Myocastor coypus ), three species from the superorder Carnivora ( Nyctereutes procyonoides , Neogale vison , Procyon lotor ), five species from the superorder Ungulata ( Cervus nippon , Dama dama , Ovis gmelini , Equus hemionus , Equus ferus ). The following five factors contributed to the success of the introductions: 1) captivity with the possibility to escape, 2) destruction of various kinds of nurseries (during the war), 3) reduction of the abundance of native species, 4) increase in the share of degraded habitats, 5) reduction of all forms of nature use and population regulation. The factors of successful introductions are analysed in terms of habitat types and the structure of guilds in which the introductions are integrated. It is shown that introductions of species confined to eutrophic habitats and species occupying ‘windows’ or marginal places in the guild structure are successful. Most of the introductions carried out in Ukraine have resulted in the formation of natural populations of alien species, mainly semi-aquatic mammals: rodents ( O. zibethicus , partially M. coypus ) and carnivores ( N. vison , N. procyonoides ). Terrestrial species did not show significant expansion and naturalisation, with the exception of the sika deer. The increase in the number of some alien species ( O. zibethicus , C. nippon , N. vison ) occurred simultaneously with a decrease in the number of their competitors from the native fauna ( Arvicola amphibius , Cervus elaphus , Mustela lutreola ). The most problematic was the entry of N. vison into the mustelid guild. The appearance of alien species has led to the extinction of a significant part of ecologically similar native species, and the total number of these two groups of animals has become almost equal. Hunting of animals as a means of regulating their populations has proved to be ineffective, as the volume of hunting is 1–2 orders of magnitude lower than the annual population growth of these species, which indicates that alien species are not vulnerable to hunters.
Caracterización y capacidad de adaptación climática de ganaderos en dos regiones de Costa Rica
Authors: Cortés-Muñoz Gerardo , Fuentes-Navarro Eduardo , Mercado-Curi Waldemar
Published: February 2025

Introducción. Las lecherías en Costa Rica han sido clasificadas en tres sistemas de producción: los sistemas especializados de altura, los especializados de bajura y los de doble propósito. No obstante, esta tipificación no muestra su nivel de complejidad actual, en donde se encuentra una amplia variedad de sistemas productivos con base en el manejo de prácticas sanitarias, reproductivas y de alimentación. Objetivo. Realizar una caracterización de los sistemas de producción de leche en dos regiones ganaderas representativas y sus capacidades en la adaptación tecnológica al cambio climático. Materiales y métodos. Para la determinación de las características técnico-productiva, social y económica de las fincas ubicadas en las regiones Chorotega y Huetar Norte, se llevó a cabo la aplicación de una encuesta diseñada y validada. La información fue recolectada entre abril y mayo del 2021 y se entrevistaron 143 finqueros, lo que permitió evaluar un total de 193 variables. Seguidamente, se realizó un Análisis de Conglomerados (AC), y se ejecutó el análisis de conglomerados jerárquicos mediante el método de Ward. Resultados. Se obtuvieron tres conglomerados, con capacidades de gestión de finca; alta, media y baja relacionadas con sus capacidades de adaptación al cambio climático. El primer grupo se conformó por productores con un nivel superior de educación y de gestión del predio (alta capacidad), reflejado así en la adopción de más estrategias de adaptación. Las fincas del segundo grupo (mediana capacidad), con un manejo  tecnificado inferior al primer grupo, y el tercer grupo de fincas (baja capacidad), que son productores con el nivel educativo más bajo, demostraron una capacidad de gestión tecnológica más limitada. Conclusión. La actividad ganadera se caracterizó por tener tres grupos de productores con diferentes capacidades de adaptación al cambio climático.
Patrones geoespaciales de mortalidad y letalidad por COVID-19 en Costa Rica y sus determinantes sociales: marzo 2020 a mayo 2022
Authors: Chamizo Horacio Alejandro , Romero Zúñiga Juan José , Alonso Ubieta Suyén , Quirós Arias Lilliam
Published: February 2025

Objetivo: La pandemia de COVID-19 ha sido uno de los principales problemas de salud de la era moderna y se vincula directamente al entorno en que vivimos y su forma de organización. En el presente estudio se propone analizar los patrones geoespaciales de la mortalidad y la letalidad por COVID-19 en Costa Rica, entre marzo de 2020 y mayo de 2022, a partir de los determinantes sociales de la salud. Metodología: Se diseñó un estudio ecológico, distrital, con datos sobre mortalidad, letalidad y determinantes sociales. Se analizaron los patrones geoespaciales de la mortalidad y la letalidad utilizando estadísticos de autocorrelación espacial; asimismo, se construyeron modelos explicativos de regresión de Poisson y de regresión ponderada geográficamente. Resultados: Se identificaron conglomerados de puntos calientes (alto riesgo) en la Gran Área Metropolitana y su entorno, así como puntos fríos (bajo riesgo) que flanqueaban esta zona de alta mortalidad. En cuanto a la letalidad, se identificó un conglomerado muy fuerte de puntos fríos, situado en la Gran Área Metropolitana y flanqueado por conglomerados calientes fuera de esta. La regresión de Poisson y la regresión ponderada geográficamente de mejor ajuste, en el caso de la mortalidad, señaló factores explicativos: promedio de vacunas contra COVID-19, desarrollo social, hacinamiento, personas mayores de 65 años y rezago en educación primaria. En el caso de la letalidad, el riesgo fue explicado a partir de la dinámica temporal epidémica, el índice de desarrollo social y la proporción de personas mayores de 65 años. Conclusiones: La mortalidad y la letalidad por COVID-19 hasta mayo del año 2022 se configuró mediante conglomerados espaciales explicados socialmente. Los efectos de los determinantes sociales sobre la mortalidad y la letalidad se diferencian territorialmente.
Estrategias didácticas para el uso de la Cámara de Gesell
Authors: Alpízar Jiménez Lizzy , Vindas Brizuela Jose Mariano
Published: February 2025

La presente revisión bibliográfica tomada entre el año 2009 al 2024 muestra una pequeña reseña del origen y características de la Cámara Gesell, además de los beneficios de esta en el campo educativo. Esta se fundamenta con experiencias, investigaciones y documentación a nivel de Latinoamérica. La misma se lleva a cabo con la intención de contextualizar y motivar al personal docente de la Facultad de Educación de la Universidad de Costa Rica para el uso de la herramienta tanto para la docencia como investigación y acción social. Su abordaje es de enfoque cualitativo, describiendo y caracterizando su uso y aplicación didáctica en las áreas de Ciencias en la Educación. Se culmina con el análisis de la misión, visión y objetivos de cada escuela perteneciente a la Facultad de Educación de la Universidad de Costa Rica, exhortando al uso didáctico de la herramienta como parte de su metodología educativa que responde a un currículo particular. Además, se realizan sugerencias didácticas en cada una de las escuelas con la intención de motivar el uso de la Cámara Gesell y que surjan más estrategias según la disciplina, como espacios in situ de estudio, aprendizaje, recolección de información, expresión creadora, modelaje, análisis, valoración y evaluación de los seres humanos en diversas etapas de desarrollo y condiciones especiales tanto individuales, personales, grupales, colectivo y/o familiares. Como principal hallazgo se constata que la Cámara Gesell es una herramienta de gran utilidad como estrategia didáctica a partir de la interacción humana, problematización de relaciones sociales, análisis crítico, coyuntural y situacional, con apertura para la capacitación, realización de actividades académicas, divulgación de procesos de mediación pedagógica, investigación y proyección social.
Assembling the Village in Medieval Bambuk: An Archaeology of Interaction at Diouboye, Senegal
Authors: Gokee Cameron
Published: February 2025

The land of Bambuk was an important source of gold for trans-Saharan trade and the imperial polities of Ghana and Mali, yet the non-centralized societies of this region remain largely peripheral in the historiography of West Africa. Drawing on recent archaeological research at the site of Diouboye in eastern Senegal, this book explores social life in medieval Bambuk from the standpoint of a village occupied over several centuries (1000-1400 CE). Material and spatial data from excavations, together with those from survey of the middle Falemme River basin, enable a critical look at how interactions across multiple scales—among neighboring houses, between cultural and craft traditions, and within a much broader political economy—created both possibilities for and challenges to the ongoing production of a local community at Diouboye. By moving back and forth across these scales centered on a single village, Assembling the Village in Medieval Bambuk outlines a relational archaeology of community applicable to the study of seemingly peripheral societies and processes of pre-modern globalization across Africa and beyond.
Effectiveness of Institutional Monetary Instruments at the Disposal of the Polish Central Bank (NBP). Experiences of the NBP’s Two Years of Struggle Against Inflation
Authors: Misiński Wojciech
Published: February 2025

The aim of the article is to attempt to answer three research questions: Was it inevitable that inflation would reach such a high (peak and cumulative) level in Poland? Can the fall in the level of inflation in Poland to the level of the European Union average be considered a real and sustainable success of NBP actions? In the struggle with inflation, did the NBP use all the institutional monetary instruments at its disposal? Methodology: The following methodological assumptions were adopted in the process of presentation, analysis and assessment of institutional monetary instruments. Firstly, as a methodological research requirement, I adopted the recommendation (method of analysis) of Kenneth J. Arrow, according to which analysis of the flow of money provides more information than any other analysis. Secondly, I assessed only the effectiveness of monetary policy instruments in accordance with the methodological assumption, according to which the veracity of statements (the applied monetary instruments) only makes sense in the context of the adopted assumptions (the causes of inflation), whose a priori falsehood determines the falsehood of theories or models (the effectiveness of combatting inflation). Results: The article conducts an analytical and synthetic assessment of the effectiveness of institutional monetary instruments used by the NBP. Implications and recommendations: The analysis provides the basis for presenting recommended changes to the strategy for combatting inflation in the future. Originality/Value: Author’s critical analysis of the effectiveness of the NBP’s use of monetary instruments in the fight against inflation.
QSPR analysis of anti-hepatitis prescription drugs using degree based topological indices through M-polynomial and NM-polynomial
Authors: Asghar Adnan
Published: February 2025

Chemical graph theory plays a vital role in pharmaceutical research, particularly in the study of antiviral drugs such as those targeting hepatitis. This paper investigates the application of topological descriptors, including M-polynomials and NM-polynomials, to compute degree-based topological indices for eight anti-hepatitis prescription drugs. The study aims to establish correlations between these indices and the physicochemical properties of the drugs, facilitating a deeper understanding of their structural characteristics and potential therapeutic effects. This research uniquely integrates degree-based topological indices and advanced QSPR modelling to elucidate correlations between molecular structures and their therapeutic efficacy. The findings offer significant insights into anti-hepatitis drug design, reducing experimental reliance.
O emprego industrial feminino e a crise econômica brasileira
Authors: HIRATA HELENA , HUMPHREY JOHN
Published: February 2025

RESUMO O emprego industrial feminino cresceu rapidamente na década de setenta, mas a divisão sexual do trabalho permaneceu muito forte. Isto levanta a possibilidade de o emprego das mulheres não ser desproporcionalmente reduzido como resultado da crise económica da década de oitenta. Um estudo de uma grande fábrica de energia elétrica em São Paulo revelou que a administração tinha critérios claramente discriminatórios para a seleção dos trabalhadores a serem demitidos, mas na ausência de uma mudança na divisão sexual do trabalho, a redução da participação das mulheres no emprego no fábrica era meramente de curto prazo e cíclica. Contudo, a força de trabalho foi reestruturada de outras formas durante o período inicial da crise, em 1981.
Difusão espaço-temporal do sarampo: uma análise intraurbana no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
Authors: Reis Larissa Nunes Moreira , Pedro Alexandre San , Santos Jefferson Pereira Caldas dos , Santos Yasmin Toledo , Praça Heitor Levy Ferreira , Conceição Paula Barbosa , Gibson Gerusa
Published: February 2025

Resumo: Os objetivos foram analisar o perfil dos casos de sarampo no Município do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, entre 2007 e 2021 e descrever a difusão e formação de cluster nos anos epidêmicos. Realizou-se um estudo ecológico, cujas unidades foram os bairros. Foi conduzida análise bivariada das variáveis socioeconômicas e epidemiológicas, segundo vacinação prévia e ocorrência de hospitalização. As análises de cluster e de difusão espacial foram realizadas pelo método de varredura SCAN e de Interpolação pela Ponderação do Inverso da Distância. Dos 774 casos confirmados, 57,6% eram do sexo masculino, 72,9% eram adultos e 63,7% foram identificados como brancos. Observou-se maior proporção de vacinação prévia em brancos, assim como na faixa de 5 e 11 anos. A proporção de vacinação anterior foi maior no estrato de maior escolaridade. Cerca de 16,3% foram hospitalizados, sendo o maior risco entre casos na faixa de 5 e 11 anos e menor entre 18 e 29 anos, quando comparadas às crianças com até um ano de idade. Os primeiros casos da epidemia ocorreram na região da Grande Tijuca, passando a se disseminar em bairros das zonas Oeste e Sul da cidade, revelando difusão hierárquica por realocação. Os conglomerados de maior risco foram formados nas zonas Sul e Centro. Os achados confirmam a mudança no perfil epidemiológico da doença assim como um padrão de difusão influenciado pela hierarquia intraurbana da cidade, onde bairros de maior comércio e turismo atuam como polos iniciadores e difusores da transmissão. Tais aspectos devem fundamentar as estratégias de controle, orientando campanhas de imunização que contemplem as faixas etárias mais acometidas, com ações diferenciadas nas áreas de difusão da doença.
European Economic Governance and Constitutional Uncertainty
Authors: Masini Fabio
Published: February 2025

Abstract If we exclude some theories of polycentric governance, economists usually discuss the optimal policy mix within a given constitutional framework, characterized by stable institutions and rules. This is not the case with the European Union, at least since the birth of the euro: an architecture characterized by a supranational monetary institution but country specific interest rates and decentralized fiscal institutions whose intertwined relationships and governing structure evolve in time. Far from providing a higher degree of stability, as suggested by Hayek-inspired supporters, such technocratically biased framework is causing widespread governance uncertainties and macroeconomic instability, that have repeatedly resulted in Europe lagging behind other major global actors in facing crises. This paper reviews the problems raised by the need to steer the economy through endogenous and exogenous crises in an unstable, deeply evolving, not yet fully defined nor multi-layered economic policy infrastructure in the EU.
Dental discrepancies in black adolescents: evaluating impacts on well-being
Authors: LANGOSKI Jean Érick , MEIRA Ana Claudia Lima de Oliveira , SANTAMARIA-JUNIOR Milton , MENEZES Carolina Carmo de , MENEGHIM Marcelo de Castro , VEDOVELLO Silvia Amélia Scudeler
Published: February 2025

Abstract The aim of this study was to compare the esthetic, functional, and psychosocial impact of mandibular crowding and maxillary midline diastema in black adolescents. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 420 black (brown and black, distinguished according to Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics – IBGE) adolescents aged 12 with normal occlusal relationships. Esthetic (OASIS) and functional/psychosocial (OHIP-14) impact related to the need for orthodontic treatment in groups with mandibular crowding and maxillary midline diastema, and those without these conditions: G1, without crowding and diastema (n 113); G2, without crowding and with diastema (n 67); G3, with crowding and without diastema (n 202); and G4, diastema, and crowding (n 38) were evaluated. Generalized linear models were estimated for the effects of diastema, crowding, and the interaction between them, with a significance level of 5%. There was no significant influence of crowding and diastema on the OHIP-14 (p>0.05). However, the groups with diastema had higher OASIS scores, irrespective of crowding (p<0.05). The maxillary midline diastema influenced the esthetic perception of black adolescents.
Sexualidade e direitos humanos: a SATZ-BR como estratégia interventiva em contexto escolar
Authors: Rocha Kátia Bones , Gomes Gustavo Affonso , Hamann Cristiano , Schnor Amanda Costa , Oliveira Fernanda dos Santos , Pontel Vinícius Perinetto , Pizzinato Adolfo
Published: February 2025

RESUMO Estudos contemporâneos explicitam como a sexualidade é uma dimensão contextual e relacional da vida humana. Essa leitura de sexualidade tem colocado, paulatinamente, novos desafios às noções relativas à saúde, mas também, por extensão, tensionado o campo da garantia de direitos humanos fundamentais. Não por acaso, entidades internacionais e nacionais têm apontado a necessidade de intervenções psicossociais em contexto educativo, como espaço estratégico de garantia de direitos na interface com a sexualidade. Diante da necessidade, verificada na literatura internacional, de intervenções longitudinais, contextuais e não restritivas a uma leitura fisicalista de sexualidade, o presente estudo se propõe a apresentar a adaptação para o Brasil do protocolo de intervenção South Africa and Tanzania (SATZ). Tendo em vista adequações realizadas na presente adaptação, contemplando uma maior abertura para dissidências de gênero e sexualidade, maior ênfase em aspectos dialógicos e participação da comunidade escolar, a SATZ-BR se mostra em consonância com os direitos humanos, com a Agenda 2030 para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável e com as diretrizes do plano nacional curricular brasileiro.
Use of the Principles of Fractal Urbanism for the Adaptation of Coastal Territories of Large Rivers to Climate Changes
Authors: Vadimov V. M. , Samoilenko Ye. V.
Published: February 2025

Global warming increases the likelihood of intense natural phenomena such as hurricanes and floods, which can lead to serious damage in coastal areas. Climate is an extremely important driver of ecosystem processes that directly affects the hydrological regime through the amount and type of precipitation, which in turn changes the boundaries of the coastal area. Sea level change can affect the coastal area, especially where there is low relief.

The creation of a comprehensive strategy for adapting coastal areas to climate change is a critical task that will allow: analyzing potential threats and vulnerabilities of the coastal zone to climate change, developing specific measures to minimize risks, including protective structures, changes in land management and other engineering solutions. The specifics of recreational use of urban areas, including the formation of landscape structure and comprehensive system of greening the coastal area in conjunction with the water area, will allow for adaptation to climate change.

A systematic approach to the urban planning organization of coastal areas includes complex environmental and recreational tasks. The study examines in detail the need to create a comprehensive strategy for adapting the coastal area to climate change. The authors substantiate a set of measures, including activation of water protection functions of coastal areas, rehabilitation of disturbed areas, use of recreational and urban planning potential of coastal areas to form a recreational base along the water area, development of an integrated system for managing coastal zone processes, and integration of eco-clusters into the structure of coastal areas.
Laparoscopic ALPPS procedure: a series of cases
Authors: Lyadov V.K. , Moskalenko A.N. , Magomedov M.M. , Galkin V.N.
Published: February 2025

The combination of liver resection and chemotherapy is the most effective way to treat primary and secondary malignant liver tumors. One of the methods for increasing resectability is the use of two-stage liver resection (associated liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy — ALPPS) Objective. To demonstrate the feasibility of laparoscopic ALPPS with good short-term and long-term results. Material and methods. From 2020 to 2021, in the oncology department No. 4 of the State Budgetary Healthcare Institution “GKOB 1 DZM” 6 laparoscopic ALPPS were performed for metastases of colorectal cancer in the liver in 4 patients and cholangiocellular cancer in two in the presence of an insufficient volume of remaining liver parenchyma (13—32.1%). Results. All patients underwent the first stage of ALPPS laparoscopically without conversions or intraoperative complications. The duration of the operation ranged from 300 to 470 minutes (average 347.5±74 minutes), blood loss — from 100 to 300 ml (average 175±88 ml). The duration of the second stage is from 165 to 470 minutes (average 281.5±132.9 minutes) with blood loss from 100 to 850 ml (average 484.5±392.3 ml). The increase in the volume of residual liver parenchyma was 36—68%. The period between the ALPPS stages ranged from 13 to 22 days. Final resection to the extent of R0 was performed in 4 of 6 patients. The second stage of ALPPS was complicated in two patients by the formation of an external biliary fistula and in another two by right-sided hydrothorax. The median follow-up was 25 months, during which time 3 patients died: two patients with incomplete second stage ALPPS due to cancer progression and one patient from coronavirus infection. Conclusion. ALPPS can be performed entirely laparoscopically with good short-term and long-term results, but should be performed in high-volume liver surgery centers by an experienced surgical team.
Treatment of patients with external intestinal fistulas and widespread peritoneal adhesions
Authors: Levchik E.Yu. , Atamanov K.V.
Published: February 2025

Objective. To substantiate the safe timing and volume of enterolysis during operative treatment of patients with external small intestinal fistulas against the background of widespread peritoneal adhesive process. Material and Methods. Comparative results of treatment of 315 adult patients, divided into 3 groups (60, 74 and 181 patients), depending on the graduation of peritoneal adhesive process, timing of operations and volumes of enterolysis are presented. Results. The highest postoperative mortality (17 (6.7%) out of 255) and the frequency of complications were characterized by operations performed within 1 month, against the background of widespread adhesive process. After 30 days, more favorable outcomes were observed in patients after complete distal enterolysis. The lowest mortality rate of patients (3 (2.4%) of 127) was observed more than 3 months after the onset of fistulas, after complete distal enterolysis. Conclusion. The presence of widespread peritoneal adhesions worsens the outcomes in patients with external small intestinal fistulas; performing reconstructive operations within more than 3 months from the formation of fistulas and complete distal enterolysis improves treatment results.
Photodynamic inactivation of antibiotic-resistant microflora of gunshot wounds under fluorescence control
Authors: Shiryaev A.A. , Ivankov M.P. , Kalyagina N.A. , Voitova A.V. , Efendiev K.T. , Kuznetsov M.R. , Reshetov I.V. , Udeneev A.M. , Loshchenov V.B.
Published: February 2025

Objective. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy or photodynamic inactivation (PDI) of antibiotic-resistant microflora seems to be a very promising alternative, including for the treatment of long-term non-healing wounds, due to its potential and extremely low possibility of resistance. Material and methods. The authors describe an effective approach to preparing the wounds for delayed surgical treatment (secondary suturing, split-flap autodermoplasty, wound defect closure with local tissues), as well as healing by secondary intention of wounds using PDI of antibiotic-resistant microflora under spectroscopic control of fluorescence intensity in tissues. For this purpose, laser and LED radiation with wavelengths 660—680 nm was used. Various photosensitizers (methylene blue, aluminum phthalocyanine, chlorin e6 and their emulsion forms) were used. The study included 90 patients with various wounds. Results. Positive treatment outcomes were obtained in most patients. The first PDI procedure decreased concentration of microflora by 3—4 times. There was significant or complete inactivation of bacteria by the end of the treatment. In all patients, concentration of photosensitizers significantly decreased by more than 75% after PDI. Surgical treatment was successful in 100% of cases (n=56; 62%). Conclusion. PDI is a promising method for inactivating antibiotic-resistant microflora, including patients with long-term non-healing wounds. This method contributes to safe and high-quality surgical treatment. A great advantage of PDI is its multi-purpose mechanism and no resistance of microorganisms.
All you always wanted to know about what a bee knows
Authors: Lunau Klaus
Published: February 2025

What goes on in a bee’s mind? This book review examines What a Bee Knows by Stephen Buchman, a captivating exploration of bee cognition, memory, and emotions.
Ground Water from Lower Cretaceous Rocks in Kansas
Authors: Keene Katherine M. , Bayne Charles K.
Published: February 2025

Sandstones in Lower Cretaceous rocks contain supplies of water that may be adequate to meet increasing present and future demands for supplemental municipal and domestic use in central and western Kansas. An estimated 70 to 80 million acre-feet of water containing less than 1,000 milligrams per liter dissolved solids may be acceptable for use at the present (1976). An additional 10 to 15 million acre-feet containing 1,000 to 3,000 milligrams per liter dissolved solids is estimated to be available for use in the future with appropriate desalinization.
Lower Cretaceous rocks crop out from Washington County on the north to Comanche County on the south. The rocks dip from a structural high in the southwest part of the State to structural lows in the northwest and north-central part. Depth below land surface increases generally northwestward to about 2,600 feet; thickness of the rocks increases westward from nearly zero to about 850 feet.
The rocks consist chiefly of marine to nonmarine shale and siltstone interbedded with coastal to deltaic sandstone. The interbedded sandstone, which composes about one-third of the rocks, consists of one or more lenses that thicken westward to about 400 feet in the central part of western Kansas.
The yield of water to individual wells is related to area] extent, thickness, and interconnection of the sand lenses and to grain size and cementation of the sand. Large amounts of water may be pumped by wells where loosely cemented sand lenses are interconnected. Wells commonly yield adequate supplies for domestic and stock use; reported yields from municipal and irrigation wells range from about 100 to 2,000 gallons per minute.
Recharge to the Lower Cretaceous rocks occurs in the area of outcrop and from hydraulically connected saturated Cenozoic rocks, especially in the southern part of the State. Movement of water is principally northeastward from areas of recharge to areas of discharge where streams intersect the sandstone outcrops.
Water in the sandstone aquifers commonly is confined between beds of relatively impermeable shale, causing water in wells to rise above the top of the aquifer. Water levels fluctuate in response to changes in atmospheric pressure, recharge, and discharge; greatest fluctuations result from discharge to wells for municipal and irrigation use. Progressive declines in water levels have occurred where irrigation withdrawals exceed recharge.
Calcium bicarbonate water is dominant near recharge areas; mixed sodium and calcium bicarbonate water and sodium chloride water become successively dominant as the water moves downgradient from the recharge areas. The quality of water ranges from fresh to very saline (less than 1,000 to 35,000 milligrams per liter dissolved solids). In the areas of generally fresh water, localized areas of calcium sulfate water result from solution of gypsum in the Kiowa Formation, and areas of sodium chloride water result from contamination by oil-field brines.
Changes In Chemical Quality of Water, Cedar Bluff Irrigation District Area, West-Central Kansas
Authors: Leonard Robert B.
Published: February 2025

The Cedar Bluff Irrigation District diverts water from the Smoky Hill River to irrigate about 6,000 acres (2,400 hectares). Although drainage from irrigated land replenishes ground water in transient storage and augments low flow in the river, the drainage adversely affects the chemical quality of the related water. Specific conductance of the irrigation water increased progressively from 800 to 980 micromhos per centimeter at 25°C between 1964 and 1971. The percent composition of this calcium-sulfate type water remained relatively constant.
Infiltration of the irrigation water, which contained additional salts leached from the soil, increased the concentration and changed the ionic composition of the ground water. Generally, calcium and sulfate became the predominant ions. Concentrations of calcium, magnesium, and sulfate present in the irrigation water were augmented by the natural content in the soil and the aquifer. Chemical analyses of soil samples indicated that significant amounts of sodium and chloride were leached from naturally accumulated salts in the soil. Increased concentrations of nitrate probably resulted from applying water in excess of that required by the fertilized crop.
Data from seepage-salinity surveys indicate that water discharge of the Smoky Hill River in the irrigation reach increased progressively from about 1.5 to 10 cubic feet (0.04 to 0.28 cubic meters) per second between 1964 and 1971. Specific conductance in the reach increased from 880 to 900 micromhos per centimeter at 25°C in 1964 and from 1,070 to 1,230 micromhos per centimeter at 25°C in 1971. The concentration ratios for specific conductance increased from 1.01 in 1964 to 1.15 in 1971. Concentrations of sodium and chloride increased downstream, but the concentration of sulfate decreased to values lower than that of the irrigation water. Although net gains in chemical discharge increased from 1964 to 1971, the rate of annual increase diminished from year to year.
The use of water for irrigation in the district and the increase of drainage to low flow have not caused serious degradation of chemical quality of the Smoky Hill River.
The Dendrograph
Authors: McCammon Richard B. , Wenninger Guenther
Published: February 2025

The dendrograph has been developed as a two-dimensional diagram for depicting the mutual relationships among a group of objects whose pairwise similarities are given. The construction of the dendrograph is based on results of clustering using the unweighted pair-group method. The resultant hierarchical arrangement reflects both the within-group and the between-group similarity. In order to accentuate the hierarchical group structure, a rule of ordering is used to impart a pyramid shape to the dendrograph. To allow greater flexibility in the computer program for constructing dendrographs, an option is provided for the user to enter either correlation coefficients or distance functions as the measure of pairwise similarity between objects. Two examples are given to illustrate the usefulness of dendrographs in extracting meaning from multivariate data arrays.
Mathematical Model and FORTRAN IV Program for Computer Simulation of Deltaic Sedimentation
Authors: Bonham-Carter G.F. , Sutherland Alex J.
Published: February 2025

DELTASIM is a FORTRAN IV program for simulating deltaic sedimentation at a single river-channel mouth. A sediment-laden river flowing into a tideless, currentless marine basin is modeled as a plane jet discharging horizontally at the ocean surface. A velocity field is calculated using equations for open-channel and plane-jet flow. Sediment behavior is treated statistically; nominal sediment particles are traced along trajectories from the mouth as they spread laterally and settle vertically. The rate of sediment accumulation is calculated for each cell of a horizontal accounting grid. Input parameters include channel dimensions, water and sediment discharge, grain-size distribution and bottom topography. Experiments with a static simulation model illustrate the depositional variation produced by changes in grain size, river depth, and slope. The depositional area is narrow in plan view; in elevation, foreset slopes are a function of grain-size and hydraulic parameters, and are normally less than 10. A dynamic model permits a delta platform to build forward during several time increments, nominal particle trajectories adjusting automatically to the position of the delta lip. Experiments illustrate the formation of bars building transversely across the river mouth and the development of submerged levees close to the mouth at the margins of the main flow.
The computer program runs on an IBM System/360 model 67. Graphic displays in the form of CALCOMP plots form an important part of the program output.
FORTRAN IV Program for Q-Mode Cluster Analysis of Nonquantitative Data using IBM 7090/7094 Computers
Authors: Bonham-Carter G.F.
Published: February 2025

CLUST3 is an IBM 7090/7094 FORTRAN IV program for classifying objects into groups based on a large number of nonquantitative characters considered simultaneously. Either Sokal and Michener's coefficient or Jaccard's coefficient may be used as a measure of similarity. The mean expected value of similarity also is calculated. The weighted or unweighted pair-group method may be used for clustering and results may be displayed automatically by setting a plotting option for drawing a dendrogram. A version for the IBM 360/67 also is obtainable from the Kansas Geological Survey.
FORTRAN IV Programs to Determine Surface Roughness in Topography for the CDC 3400 Computer
Authors: Hobson R.D.
Published: February 2025

Current uses of remote sensing apparatus for geologic investigation place new demands upon types of information gathered by the field geologist. One new area of field investigation is surface roughness.
This paper presents several quantitative parameters for describing three aspects of surface roughness: (1) comparison of surface areas, (2) frequency distribution of surface irregularities, and (3) orientation of normals to surfaces. Mathematical methodologies for computing parameters are described. Three CDC 3400 FORTRAN IV programs for computing parameters are listed along with detailed operating instructions.
Data obtained from the NASA Pisgah Crater Test Site in California are used to illustrate typical uses of surface roughness parameters.
Az erdei szalonka (Scolopax rusticola) teríték monitoring eredményei 2013-ban Magyarországon
Authors: Faragó Sándor , László Richárd , Bende Attila
Published: February 2025

A MAGYAR ERDEI SZALONKA TERÍTÉK MONITORING 1990-1999 időszakára vonatkozó eredményeit részletes feldolgozásban adtuk közre (FARAGÓ et al., 2000). A 2000-2008 közötti éveket feldolgozó közleményeinkben (FARAGÓ & LÁSZLÓ, 2002; 2003; 2005; 2006; 2007a; 2007b; 2008; 2010a; 2010b) már éves értékelését adtuk a szalonka teríték vizsgálatoknak, de a tartamos vizsgálati adatsorba változatlanul behelyeztük az évenkénti új adatokat. (Ezen időszak vizsgálatainak összefoglalását lásd FARAGÓ & LÁSZLÓ, 2013). Az EU Madárvédelmi Irányelvek rendelkezéseit elfogadva, a Földművelési és Vidékfejlesztési Miniszter 2009-ben nem állapított meg vadászidényt az erdei szalonkára, ezért abban az évben nem lőttek egyetlen példányt sem hazánkban e fajból. 2010-ben nyílott először lehetőség arra, hogy a 2009-ben megindult magyarországi erdei szalonka monitoringot (SZEMETHY et al., 2009) a megfigyelések mellett kiterjesszük a mintagyűjtésekre alapozott ivari és korvizsgálatokra is. A munkában azok vehettek részt, akik a korábbi 2009-es évben lelkiismeretesen elvégezték a vonulással kapcsolatos megfigyeléseket, és szerződésben rögzített határidőben be is küldték az eredményeket az ORSZÁGOS VADGAZDÁLKODÁSI ADATTÁRNAK (Gödöllő). 2011-ben és 2012-ben hasonló feltételek mellett folyt a mintagyűjtés. Változatlanul minden gyűjtött egyed esetében kötelező volt a testméretek felvétele, az ivarnak a meghatározása, amelyeket tanfolyamokon sajátították el a programban résztvevők. A felvett biometriai adatok adatlapjaival együtt a gyűjtött madarak legalább 50%-ának egyik szárnyát – útmutató szerint preparálva – be kellett küldeni a NYUGAT-MAGYARORSZÁGI EGYETEM VADGAZDÁLKODÁSI ÉS GERINCES ÁLLATTANI INTÉZETÉBE (Sopron), ahol az adatokat feldolgoztuk, illetve a szárnyminták alapján a kormeghatározást ellenőriztük (FARAGÓ et al., 2010). A korábbi – a 2010-es és 2011-es vizsgálati évekre vonatkozó – közlések (FARAGÓet al., 2012a; 2012b) után jelen munka a harmadikteljes körű teríték-monitoring mintáinak feldolgozása alapjánmutatja be a szalonkavonulás 2012-es országos szintű elemzését oly módon, ahogyan azt a Magyar Vízivad Közleményekben korábban is megtettük.
Neoliberal Globalization and Senior High School: Insights from Public Schools in Negros Oriental, Philippines
Authors: Simporios Lloyd Lyndel
Published: February 2025

Objectives. This study explores how neoliberal globalization has shaped the implementation of the senior high school (SHS) program in the province of Negros Oriental, Philippines, focusing on its impact on students, educators, and the education system as a whole.
Materials and methods. The study gathered insights through interviews and document analysis using a qualitative approach. The participants included 30 public school teachers and/or administrators and 30 public senior high school students. They shared their experiences and perspectives by understanding how global economic policies influence local educational practices.
Results. The findings reveal that while the SHS program aims to prepare students for a competitive global economy, its implementation reflects neoliberal ideals such as privatization and market-driven skills. These changes have created challenges in ensuring equitable access and quality education, particularly for marginalized communities.
Conclusions. This study underscores the need for educational reforms that meet global standards while remaining inclusive and responsive to the needs of local communities. By addressing these gaps, the education system can better serve its stakeholders and foster equitable opportunities for all.
Классический персидский язык
Authors: Чалисова Наталья , Арманд Елена
Published: February 2025

Представленный в книге материал позволяет студентам научиться читать и переводить памятники персидской поэзии и прозы, а также получить навыки филологического анализа и комментирования текста. Пособие по чтению текстов состоит из введения, 33 уроков и приложений. Каждый урок включает основной текст (фрагмент из поэзии или прозы IX–XV вв.), снабженный лексическим комментарием, грамматическую тему, обширно иллюстрированную примерами, одно или два упражнения по грамматике урока и дополнительный текст с некоторыми «подсказками», предназначенный для самостоятельной работы. В приложениях даны базовые сведения о метрике и рифме персидской поэзии и приведены парадигмы размеров стихов, входящих в тексты уроков.
Для студентов, обучающихся по программам, связанным с персидским языком и литературой Ирана, и уже освоивших основы современного персидского языка, а также для иранистов, чья специализация связана с изучением средневековых письменных источников.
Афины на пути к демократии: VIII–V века до н.э.
Authors: Гущин Валерий
Published: February 2025

В монографии исследуется процесс становления афинской демократии на протяжении архаического и классического периодов (VIII — середина V века до н.э.). Вопросы о том, что такое афинская демократия, когда она возникла и какую роль в ее появлении сыграли те или иные социальные слои, остаются дискуссионными на протяжении длительного времени. В книге показано, что одним из значимых стимулов возникновения демократии становится борьба за власть и влияние внутри слоя аристократии, к участию в которой нередко привлекался и афинский демос. В процессе этой борьбы, с одной стороны, создавались равные условия для «лучших» (eunomia, isonomia), а с другой — происходило расширение политических прав простого народа. Результатом этих процессов становится государственное устройство, в котором значительную роль играют коллегиальные политические институты, прежде всего народное собрание, избиравшее должностных лиц, и гелиэя (народный суд), осуществлявшая контроль за ежегодно избираемыми магистратами. Тем не менее афинскую демократию нельзя считать народоправством или «властью народа». Сами афиняне характеризовали ее как коллективное правление или власть "большинства" — тех, кто обладал политическими правами.
Книга адресована как специалистам и исследователям, так и широкому кругу читателей, интересующихся историей Греции.
The language realization of the role of women as anthropocentric subjects in Sundanese culture
Authors: Awaliah Yatun Romdonah , Kosasih Dede , Widyastuti Temmy , Sutisna Ade , Hendrayana Dian
Published: February 2025

Local cultures often inherit a patriarchal view that regards women as the second gender category. However, this stereotyped view is only partially correct, especially when looking at the extent to which Sundanese culture views, defines, and places the role of women. Women in the local Sundanese culture have a role as balance keepers in the sense of anthropocentrism. This study aims to describe the role of women as an anthropocentric subject in Sundanese culture. The data of this study were taken from the film Ambu (2019), which represents women's roles in Sundanese culture, especially as shown in the Baduy tribe. This study is descriptive-qualitative. It used Fairclough's Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) approach. Using CDA, the film Ambu (2019) is studied through its discursive dialogues and scenes, examining how these elements reflect and engage with social and cultural practices. The findings show that the film portrays a representation of women through Ambu Misnah, who embodies gender balance in Sundanese culture, challenging traditional views of domestication. As a cultural symbol connected to Sunan Ambu, her role contrasts with liberal feminist ideals, highlighting a more localized form of female empowerment. Furthermore, the language used by a male character, specifically the head of the Baduy Tribe, reflects a transfer of authority, signaling a shift in gender-power relations. Thus, these findings emphasize an anthropocentric awareness of the role of women, particularly within the Sundanese community.
A descriptive study of affixation in Chinese and Indonesian and their morphological types
Authors: Marlim Yenny
Published: February 2025

The comparison of language systems in different language families is still a topic worth in-depth research. Both Chinese and Indonesian are languages with large population in the world, belonging to the language families of Sino-Tibetan and Austronesian, respectively. However, the comparison of their morphologies has received less attention, and scholars hold different views on their morphological types. This study delves into the types of affixation in Chinese and Indonesian, analysing their similarities and differences to deepen our understanding of the basic morphological types in both languages. Descriptive qualitative approach, current literature and document analysis are the main research method applied in this study. The findings reveal that Chinese and Indonesian affixes are mainly derivational, both have sound changes and the same mechanism of borrowed affixes. However, both Chinese and Indonesian exhibit unique types of affixation, varying in the number of allomorphs and the patterns of sound changes across different affixes; some Chinese affixes can be a root, and some of their quasi affixes are expressed in a free word in Indonesian. Analysing the morphological process of affixation in Chinese and Indonesian can further elucidate their basic morphological types. Chinese is a typical isolating language, but its affixes have certain characteristics of agglutinating language. Indonesian can be regarded as an isolating language in which its affixes have abundant characteristics of agglutinating language.