bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural basis of α-latrotoxin transition to a cation-selective pore
Authors: Klink B. U. , Alavizargar A. , Kalyankumar K. S. , Chen M. , Heuer A. , Gatsogiannis C.
Published: October 2024

The potent neurotoxic venom of the black widow spider contains a cocktail of seven phylum-specific latrotoxins (LTXs), but only one, α-LTX, targets vertebrates. This 130 kDa toxin binds to receptors at presynaptic nerve terminals and triggers a massive release of neurotransmitters. It is widely accepted that LTXs tetramerize and insert into the presynaptic membrane, thereby forming Ca2+-conductive pores, but the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. LTXs are homologous and consist of an N-terminal region with three distinct domains, along with a C-terminal domain containing up to 22 consecutive ankyrin repeats. Here we report cryoEM structures of the vertebrate-specific α-LTX tetramer in its prepore and pore state. Our structures, in combination with AlphaFold2-based structural modeling and molecular dynamics simulations, reveal dramatic conformational changes in the N-terminal region of the complex. Four distinct helical bundles rearrange and together form a highly stable, 15 nm long, cation-impermeable coiled-coil stalk. This stalk, in turn, positions an N-terminal pair of helices within the membrane, thereby enabling the assembly of a cation-permeable channel. Taken together, these data give insight into a unique mechanism for membrane insertion and channel formation, characteristic of the LTX family, and provide the necessary framework for advancing novel therapeutics and biotechnological applications.
Concerted transcriptional regulation of the morphogenesis of hypothalamic neurons by ONECUT3
Authors: Zupančič Maja , Keimpema Erik , Tretiakov Evgenii O. , Eder Stephanie J. , Lev Itamar , Englmaier Lukas , Bhandari Pradeep , Fietz Simone A. , Härtig Wolfgang , Renaux Estelle , Villunger Andreas , Hökfelt Tomas , Zimmer Manuel , Clotman Frédéric , Harkany Tibor
Published: October 2024

Acquisition of specialized cellular features is controlled by the ordered expression of transcription factors (TFs) along differentiation trajectories. Here, we find a member of the Onecut TF family, ONECUT3, expressed in postmitotic neurons that leave their Ascl1+/Onecut1/2+ proliferative domain in the vertebrate hypothalamus to instruct neuronal differentiation. We combined single-cell RNA-seq and gain-of-function experiments for gene network reconstruction to show that ONECUT3 affects the polarization and morphogenesis of both hypothalamic GABA-derived dopamine and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)+ glutamate neurons through neuron navigator-2 (NAV2). In vivo, siRNA-mediated knockdown of ONECUT3 in neonatal mice reduced NAV2 mRNA, as well as neurite complexity in Onecut3-containing neurons, while genetic deletion of Onecut3/ceh-48 in C. elegans impaired neurocircuit wiring, and sensory discrimination-based behaviors. Thus, ONECUT3, conserved across neuronal subtypes and many species, underpins the polarization and morphological plasticity of phenotypically distinct neurons that descend from a common pool of Ascl1+ progenitors in the hypothalamus.
Developmental and housekeeping transcriptional programs display distinct modes of enhancer-enhancer cooperativity in Drosophila
Authors: Loubiere Vincent , de Almeida Bernardo P. , Pagani Michaela , Stark Alexander
Published: October 2024

Genomic enhancers are key transcriptional regulators which, upon the binding of sequence-specific transcription factors, activate their cognate target promoters. Although enhancers have been extensively studied in isolation, a substantial number of genes have more than one simultaneously active enhancer, and it remains unclear how these cooperate to regulate transcription. Using Drosophila melanogaster S2 cells as a model, we assay the activities of more than a thousand individual enhancers and about a million enhancer pairs toward housekeeping and developmental core promoters with STARR-seq. We report that housekeeping and developmental enhancers show distinct modes of enhancer-enhancer cooperativity: while housekeeping enhancers are additive such that their combined activity mirrors the sum of their individual activities, developmental enhancers are super-additive and combine multiplicatively. Super-additivity between developmental enhancers is promiscuous and neither depends on the enhancers’ endogenous genomic contexts nor on specific transcription factor motif signatures. However, it can be further boosted by Twist and Trl motifs and saturates for the highest levels of enhancer activity. These results have important implications for our understanding of gene regulation in complex multi-enhancer developmental loci and genomically clustered housekeeping genes, providing a rationale to interpret the transcriptional impact of non-coding mutations at different loci.
Extinction cascades, community collapse, and recovery across a Mesozoic hyperthermal event
Authors: Dunhill Alexander M. , Zarzyczny Karolina , Shaw Jack O. , Atkinson Jed W. , Little Crispin T. S. , Beckerman Andrew P.
Published: October 2024

Mass extinctions are considered to be quintessential examples of Court Jester drivers of macroevolution, whereby abiotic pressures drive a suite of extinctions leading to huge ecosystem changes across geological timescales. Most research on mass extinctions ignores species interactions and community structure, limiting inference about which and why species go extinct, and how Red Queen processes that link speciation to extinction rates affect the subsequent recovery of biodiversity, structure and function. Here, we apply network reconstruction, secondary extinction modelling and community structure analysis to the Early Toarcian (Lower Jurassic; 183 Ma) Extinction Event and recovery. We find that primary extinctions targeted towards infaunal guilds, which caused secondary extinction cascades to higher trophic levels, reproduce the empirical post-extinction community most accurately. We find that the extinction event caused a switch from a diverse community with high levels of functional redundancy to a less diverse, more densely connected community of generalists. Recovery was characterised by a return to pre-extinction levels of some elements of community structure and function prior to the recovery of biodiversity. Full ecosystem recovery took ~7 million years at which point we see evidence of dramatically increased vertical structure linked to the Mesozoic Marine Revolution and modern marine ecosystem structure.
Production of eco composites based on natural rubber and recycled sugarcane bagasse waste to be utilised as a type of food contact
Authors: kamel Nagwa A. , Shafik E. S. , Nabil Y. M. , El Messeih Salwa L. Abd
Published: October 2024

Natural fibres are abundant, renewable, and biodegradable, which has inspired numerous academics worldwide to investigate their possible applications in various industrial fields. The food packaging sector is seeking bio-based and biodegradable substitutes to increase sustainability. In this study, new composites were prepared from natural rubber (NR) and sugarcane bagasse fibres (SCB) with different concentrations of SCB (0, 2.5, 5, 10 &20 phr). The effect of SCB on the properties of natural rubber was studied before and after the alkaline treatment of the fibres. The biocomposites are characterized using Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, and dielectric measurements in addition to rheological and mechanical analysis. The overall migration test for biocomposites loaded with 20phr SCB was performed to assess the biocomposite’s safety as food contact materials. The study’s results indicated that, adding SCB improved the conductivity, tensile strength, and elongation at break of natural rubber. Alkaline treatment strengthened the bonding between the filler and matrix and improved biocomposites’ thermal dielectric and mechanical properties. The overall migration test indicated that the alkaline treatment increased the overall migration to simulants. Accordingly, alkaline-treated NR-SCB biocomposites are effective eco-friendly food packaging candidates for certain types of food such as aqueous non-acidic products.
Passage efficiency through fishways of species of the family Cyprinidae and their management implications for fragmented rivers
Authors: Błońska Dagmara , Tarkan Ali Serhan , Britton J. Robert
Published: October 2024

The contemporary management of fragmented river systems is in a trade-off between the societal benefits of instream barriers (e.g. hydropower, flood risk management) and the ecological harms of their adverse impacts on fish populations. The consequent fragmentation can be mitigated through fishway construction, with mitigation performance measured using species-specific passage rates and efficiencies. There is, however, a bias in passage efficiency studies towards diadromous fishes and, although fish of the Cyprinidae family play a significant role in the fish assemblages of rivers worldwide, their passage efficiencies are poorly understood. Here, systematic review and meta-analyses assessed the passage efficiencies of cyprinid fishes through fishways that have been measured using telemetry methods. Passive integrated transponder (PIT) telemetry was the most common evaluation method of passage efficiency due to their high read rates and relatively low costs versus alternative telemetry methods. These methods revealed cyprinid passage efficiencies were highest through vertical slot fishways and lowest through nature-like constructions, with overall passage rates comparing favourably to anadromous salmonid fishes. Fish were most active during spring and summer, with passage and associated movements often related to spawning. Passage rates of non-native fishes were also higher than for native fishes. Despite the growing acknowledgment of how fishways influence potamodromous fish dispersal and distribution in rivers, passage data remain scarce, preventing managers and policy-makers from making informed decisions on optimal passage solutions for multiple fish species in highly fragmented rivers.
Evaluation of the performance of a machine learning based atrial fibrillation screening algorithm using an oscillometric blood pressure monitor
Authors: Asada Yuji , Kudo Yuta , Ito Tatsunori , Kanda Hiroyuki
Published: October 2024

Blood pressure monitors (BPMs) with atrial fibrillation (AFib) detection function can be used to detect AFib early. However, conventional algorithms require multiple BP measurements. Here, the feasibility of a machine-learning-based approach for AFib detection through single BP measurement was evaluated. First, a custom AdaBoost-based software, which analyzes the pulse-to-pulse interval (PPI) pattern and classifies it based on AFib detection, was created. Then, its classification performance was validated. For the validation study, PPI and standard 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) datasets were collected from 79 and 92 Japanese participants with and without AFib, respectively. PPI data were obtained using two different BPMs. All ECG results were interpreted by cardiologists. The custom software output for the PPI dataset and ECG interpreted results was compared, and the sensitivity and specificity were calculated. A sensitivity and specificity for PPI from main device were 97.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 91.2–99.3%) and 98.9 (95% CI 94.1–99.8), respectively. No significant differences in sensitivity and specificity were observed in the subgroup analysis between different devices, age groups, and arm size groups. These results reflect the high accuracy and robustness of this AFib algorithm using a single BP measurement and supports its use for widespread AFib screening.
The neural connectome of suicidality in adults with mood and anxiety disorders
Authors: Bryant Richard A. , Breukelaar Isabella A. , Williamson Thomas , Felmingham Kim , Williams Leanne M. , Korgaonkar Mayuresh S.
Published: October 2024

Although suicide risk is a major public health issue, attempts to understand the neural basis of suicidality have been limited by small sample sizes and a focus on specific psychiatric disorders. This sample comprised 579 participants, of whom 428 had a psychiatric disorder (depression, anxiety or stress-related disorder) and 151 were non-psychiatric controls. All participants underwent structured clinical interviews, including an assessment of suicidality in the past month, and completed a functional magnetic resonance imaging scan. There were 238 (41.1%) participants who met criteria for suicidality and 341 (58.9%) were non-suicidal. Task-derived functional connectivity was calculated for 436 brain regions, comprising 8 intrinsic connectivity networks. Participants who were suicidal had decreased connectivity in a network of 143 connections across 86 brain regions. This pattern was characterized primarily by decreased connectivity within the visual, somatomotor and salience networks, between these networks, and also with the default mode and limbic networks. By adopting a transdiagnostic approach with a very large sample of individuals with mood disorders, anxiety and stress and non-psychiatric participants, this study highlights the hypoconnectivity that characterizes suicidality and points to altered connectivity within and between key networks involved in emotional, sensory and cognitive processes that are implicated in suicidal risk.
Exploring cluster formation in Zr-MOF synthesis in situ using X-ray absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Zavorotynska Olena , Åsland Anna Cecilie , Dietzel Pascal D. C. , Chavan Sachin M.
Published: October 2024

In situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy with minute time resolution unveils changes in the Zr coordination environment during the initial stage of MOF synthesis, emphasizing the impact of water and the modulator on the reaction outcome and kinetics.
The indanone N–H type excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT); the observation of a mechanically induced ESIPT reaction
Authors: You Jhu-Jyun , Lin Yan-Ding , Hsu Chao-Hsien , Hu Jiun-Wei , Tsai Ying-Yi , Qu Hao-Ting , Chen Kew-Yu , Chou Pi-Tai
Published: October 2024

We designed and synthesized indanone derivatives with ESIPT, correlated to H-bond strength. Compound 4 shows mechanically induced ESIPT for the first time, with –CF3–HN– interactions crucial for non-centrosymmetric crystal packing.
From sugars to aliphatic amines: as sweet as it sounds? Production and applications of bio-based aliphatic amines
Authors: Vermeeren Benjamin , Van Praet Sofie , Arts Wouter , Narmon Thomas , Zhang Yingtuan , Zhou Cheng , Steenackers Hans P. , Sels Bert F.
Published: October 2024

This review provides a holistic overview of aliphatic amine production, from feedstock to applications. It assesses the feasibility of using biomass as an alternative resource in amine synthesis and their usage in applications of societal importance.
Flow chemistry enhances catalytic alcohol-to-alkene dehydration
Authors: Ward D. J. , Saccomando D. J. , Vilela F. , Walker G. , Mansell S. M.
Published: October 2024

Flow chemistry helped optimise the conversion of a branched primary alcohol to an alkene. Mass balance was achieved through the elimination of by-products, including alkene oligomers, and the setup could be optimised to give up to 98% alkene product.
Design and synthesis of pillared metal–organic frameworks featuring olefinic fragments
Authors: Mander Rachel Leigh , Schmidt Ashley , Ruf Michael , Korzyński Maciej Damian
Published: October 2024

In this contribution we introduce a new UofT (University of Toronto) series of olefin-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). The nickel-based congener of the series, UofT-2(Ni), is the first example of a stable mesoporous olefinic pillared MOF.
Determination of mass concentrations of airborne PET microplastics using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)
Authors: Patnana Durga Prasad , Chandra B. P.
Published: October 2024

Ubiquitous airborne microplasctics are present in the inhalable fraction of ambient particulate matter. They may induce lesions in the respiratory system dependent on individual susceptibility and particle properties.
Towards real-time myocardial infarction diagnosis: a convergence of machine learning and ion-exchange membrane technologies leveraging miRNA signatures
Authors: Ren Xiang , Zhou Ruyu , Ronan George , Ozcebe S. Gulberk , Ji Jiaying , Senapati Satyajyoti , March Keith L. , Handberg Eileen , Anderson David , Pepine Carl J. , Chang Hsueh-Chia , Liu Fang , Zorlutuna Pinar
Published: October 2024

Rapid diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is crucial for optimal patient management.
Low-emissivity fine-tuning of efficient VO2-based thermochromic stacks with silver nanowire networks
Authors: Baret Amaury , Khan Ambreen , Rougier Aline , Bellet Daniel , Nguyen Ngoc Duy
Published: October 2024

In this theoretical study, we numerically explore the application of silver nanowire networks as a low infrared emissivity coating to enhance the performance of VO2-based thermochromic multilayer stacks.
Introduction to ‘Multimodal remote actuation and sensing in polymer nanocomposites for advanced applications’
Authors: Punetha Vinay Deep , Bardella Lorenzo , Luqman Mohammad
Published: October 2024

Vinay Deep Punetha, Lorenzo Bardella and Mohammad Luqman introduce the Materials Advances themed collection on ‘Multimodal remote actuation and sensing in polymer nanocomposites for advanced applications’.
Perspectives on sustainable and efficient routes of nanoparticle synthesis: an exhaustive review on conventional and microplasma-assisted techniques
Authors: Shah Khushboo , Patel Jenish , Kumar Sanjeev , Pandey Ratnesh , Maity Gurupada , Dubey Santosh
Published: October 2024

A comparative summary of conventional and microplasma-based nanoparticle synthesis.
High sensing performance flexible nanocomposite sensor with a hybrid nanostructure constructed via nanoscale confined motion of nanofibers and nanoplatelets
Authors: Xie Zhenghui , Meng Feiran , Yang Junlong , Wang Yuhong , Park Chul B. , Gong Pengjian , Li Guangxian
Published: October 2024

Hybrid 1D nanofiber/2D nanoplatelet nanocomposite foam sensor and Monte-Carlo modelling of complex 1D/2D sensing nanostructure.
Luminescence properties of Bi3+/Sm3+ co-doped K3Gd5(PO4)6 phosphors for self-referencing optical thermometry
Authors: Wang Jing , Song Mingjun , Xue Junpeng , Bi Shala , Seo Hyo Jin
Published: October 2024

The emission intensity ratios of Bi3+ and Sm3+ ions present excellent temperature sensing performance with the maximum relative sensitivities of 3.13% K−1.
Boosting exciton dissociation in anion and cation co-doped polymeric semiconductor for selective oxidation reaction
Authors: Ge Junkang , Zhao Jun , Li Lei , Li Zhihao , Wang Hui , Zhang Xiaodong , Xie Yi
Published: October 2024

Owing to the introduction of an asymmetric charge structure, the samples co-doped with anions and cations demonstrate an enhanced exciton dissociation effect and are capable of readily activating molecular oxygen to superoxide radicals under visible light.
Role of ancillary ligands in S-nitrosothiol and NO generation from nitrite–thiol interactions at mononuclear zinc(ii) sites
Authors: Anju Balakrishnan S. , Nair Neeraja R. , Rajput Janavi , Bertke Jeffery A. , Mondal Bhaskar , Kundu Subrata
Published: October 2024

Thiol–nitrite interactions at systematically tuned zinc(ii) sites illustrate that the availability of a hemilabile site for the Lewis-acidic activation of thiol governs the intramolecular proton-transfer, providing S-nitrosothiol via nitrous acid.
Tunable electrochemiluminescence of TADF luminophores: manipulating efficiency and unveiling water-soluble emitters
Authors: Fracassa Alessandro , Calogero Francesco , Pavan Giulio , Nikolaou Pavlos , Fermi Andrea , Ceroni Paola , Paolucci Francesco , Cozzi Pier Giorgio , Scattolin Thomas , Demitri Nicola , Negri Fabrizia , Gualandi Andrea , Aliprandi Alessandro , Valenti Giovanni
Published: October 2024

The ECL efficiency of several TADF dyes was evaluated by tuning the electron-donating and -accepting strengths of peripheral substituents. Introducing TEG chains provides water-solubility and expresses TADF potential as ECL labels for bioanalysis.
Data science-centric design, discovery, and evaluation of novel synthetically accessible polyimides with desired dielectric constants
Authors: Yu Mengxian , Jia Qingzhu , Wang Qiang , Luo Zheng-Hong , Yan Fangyou , Zhou Yin-Ning
Published: October 2024

A data-science-centered “design–discover–evaluate” scheme is presented, and 9 novel polyimides suitable for application to high-temperature energy storage dielectrics are identified from the designed virtual structure library.
Unlocking metal–ligand cooperative catalytic photochemical benzene carbonylation: a mechanistic approach
Authors: Crisanti Francesco , Montag Michael , Milstein David , Bonin Julien , von Wolff Niklas
Published: October 2024

Photochemical carbonylation of benzene into benzaldehyde is catalyzed under mild conditions by a rhodium-pincer complex capable of metal-ligand cooperation. A detailed mechanistic study facilitated significant improvement in its catalytic efficiency.
Phase behavior of binary mixtures of hollow and regular microgels
Authors: Petrunin Alexander V. , Höfken Tom , Schneider Stefanie , Mota-Santiago Pablo , Houston Judith E. , Scotti Andrea
Published: October 2024

Hollow microgels can suppress the formation of colloidal crystals at low size polydispersity due to their high deformability and capacity to buckle.
Continuous fabrication of MOF-based memory elements via droplet microfluidic synthesis
Authors: Kuleshova Alina , Koriakina Irina , Lubimova Anastasia , Timofeeva Maria , Gunina Ekaterina , Bogdanov Kirill , Reznik Ivan , Povarov Svyatoslav A. , Khubezhov Soslan , Guzei Dmitriy , Minakov Andrey , Toda-Peters Kazumi , Shen Amy Q. , Milichko Valentin , Zyuzin Mikhail V.
Published: October 2024

We propose an innovative approach for the synthesis of MOFs (HKUST-1) using droplet microfluidics, which can be utilized for the fabrication of memory elements.
Pottery glaze-derived sintering aids for the synthesis of NASICON electrolytes with high ionic conductivity and relative density
Authors: Jang Il-Seop , Park Gunhee , Song Bo-Ye , Go Wooseok , Ahn Byeong-Jun , Chan Kang Yun , Chun Jinyoung
Published: October 2024

The glaze component is successfully utilized as a sintering aid to obtain a NASICON with high Na+ conductivity and relative density.
Vibration reduction optimisation design of the high‐speed elevator car system based on multi‐factor horizontal coupling vibration model
Authors: Chen Meihao , Hong Zhaoxi , Song Junjie , Li Tang , Song Xiuju , Feng Yixiong
Published: October 2024

The increasing need for safe and comfortable high‐speed elevators due to the rise of super‐tall buildings has led to a focus on vibration reduction modelling and optimisation. This article selects factors that have a significant impact on the vibration of high‐speed elevator car systems through sensitivity evaluation to form a six‐dimensional parameter space and establishes a multi‐objective optimisation model for the car system. The Gibbis method and Radial Basis Function neural network are combined to sample and construct surrogate models, respectively. Meanwhile, a BA–EO algorithm that combines Bat algorithm and Extremal optimisation to adapt to a multidimensional parameter space is proposed here. In practical applications, the peak‐to‐peak value of vibration acceleration, which significantly affects human perception, is chosen as the objective function for vibration reduction optimisation. After optimisation, the vibrations of the car and car frame are decreased by 19% and 9%, respectively, which extend the service life of the high‐speed elevator and enhance safety and comfort for passengers.
Investigation of soil resistivity impacts on the electrodes of grounding system subjected to lightning strikes
Authors: Gouda Osama E. , El Dein Adel Z. , Yassin Sara , Lehtonen Matti , Darwish Mohamed M. F.
Published: October 2024

In this paper, the study of the homogeneous resistivity and two‐layer soil influences on the performance of the electrodes of grounding systems subjected to lightning strikes is carried out considering soil ionization. The study is done on the behaviour of the ground electrodes while the resistivity of the soil is altered from small to high value in the case of homogeneous soil, while the study is obtained on two‐layer soils in the case of diverse values of the reflection factor. In the suggested algorithm for two‐layer soils, each layer has its resistivity and dielectric constant, where the dielectric constant and soil resistivity depend on the lightning frequency. The field resulting from lightning strikes, which causes soil ionization, has been studied, and the results have been used to understand the behaviour of ground rods under the influence of lightning strikes. The credibility of the results has been strengthened by comparing it with what others have obtained recently. The article's novelty can be summarized in the investigation of the performance of the electrodes of grounding grids that are installed in high soil resistivity of uniform and two‐layer soils containing the impacts of soil ionization, lightning frequency, soil resistivity, and permittivity variations.
DAB unified ZVS control strategy with optimal current stress in full power range under TPS control
Authors: Cheng Shuai , Wang Fusheng , Han Zongfeng , Zhang Chuanqi
Published: October 2024

Current stress and soft switching range are important performance indexes of dual active bridge DC–DC converter. Based on three‐phase shift control, Karush–Kuhn–Tucker (KKT) algorithm is used to solve the optimal control strategy of current stress under soft switching conditions, and the interval construction method that KKT cannot solve is given. Aiming at the problem that all or most of the switching devices lose the zero voltage switching (ZVS) soft switching characteristics when the current dual active bridge (DAB) modulation strategy is seriously mismatched in voltage gain or when the output power is relatively small, an optimized modulation strategy is proposed here, which not only realizes the minimum current stress within the full power range, but also ensures that at least six switching tubes can achieve ZVS on–off. The on‐state and switching losses of the system are further reduced, and the transmission efficiency of the converter is improved.
ExoplaNeT accRetion mOnitoring sPectroscopic surveY (ENTROPY)
Authors: Viswanath Gayathri , Ringqvist Simon C. , Demars Dorian , Janson Markus , Bonnefoy Mickaël , Aoyama Yuhiko , Marleau Gabriel-Dominique , Dougados Catherine , Szulágyi Judit , Thanathibodee Thanawuth
Published: October 2024

Context. Accretion among planetary mass companions is a poorly understood phenomenon, due to the lack of both observational and theoretical studies. The detection of emission lines from accreting gas giants facilitates detailed investigations into this process.

Aims. This work presents a detailed analysis of Balmer lines from one of the few known young, planetary-mass objects with observed emission, the isolated L2γ dwarf 2MASS J11151597+1937266 with a mass between 7 and 21 MJup and an age of 5–45 Myr, located at 45 ± 2 pc.

Methods. We obtained the first high-resolution (R ~ 50 000) spectrum of the target with VLT/UVES, an echelle spectrograph operating in the near-ultraviolet to visible wavelengths (3200–6800 Å).

Results. We report several resolved hydrogen (H I; H3–H6) and helium (He I; λ5875.6) emission lines in the spectrum. Based on the asymmetric line profiles of Hα and Hβ, the 10% width of Hα (199 ± 1 km s−1), tentative He I λ6678 emission, and indications of a disk from mid-infrared excess, we confirm ongoing accretion at this object. Using the Gaia update of the parallax, we revise its temperature to 1816 ± 63 K and radius to 1.5 ± 0.1 RJup. Analysis of observed H I profiles using a 1D planet-surface shock model implies a pre-shock gas velocity, v0 = 120−40+ 80 km s−1, and a pre-shock density, log(n0/cm−3) = 14−5+ 0. The pre-shock velocity points to a mass, Mp = 6−4+ 8 MJup, for the target. Combining H I line luminosities (Lline) and planetary Lline−Lacc (accretion luminosity) scaling relations, we derived a mass accretion rate, Ṁacc = 1.4−0.9+ 2.8 × 10−8 MJup yr−1.

Conclusions. The line-emitting area predicted from the planet-surface shock model is very small (~0.03%), and points to a shock at the base of a magnetospherically induced funnel. The Hα profile exhibits a much stronger flux than predicted by the model that best fits the rest of the H I profiles, indicating that another mechanism than shock emission contributes to the Hα emission. Comparison of line fluxes and Ṁacc from archival moderate-resolution SDSS spectra indicate variable accretion at 2MASS J11151597+1937266.
XMM-SERVS X-ray extended Galaxy Cluster (XVXGC) catalog
Authors: Xu Weiwei , Jiang Linhua , Li Ran , Luo Bin , Brandt William Nielsen , Zhang Chaoli , Erben Thomas
Published: October 2024

Context. To explain the well-known tension between cosmological parameter constraints obtained from the primary cosmic microwave background (CMB) and those drawn from X-ray-selected galaxy cluster samples identified with early data, we propose a possible explanation for the incompleteness of detected clusters being higher than estimated. Specifically, we suggest that certain types of galaxy groups or clusters may have been overlooked in previous works.

Aims. We aim to search for galaxy groups and clusters with especially extended surface brightness distributions by creating a new X-ray-selected catalog of extended galaxy clusters from the XMM-Spitzer Extragalactic Representative Volume Survey (XMM-SERVS) data, based on a dedicated source detection and characterization algorithm optimized for extended sources.

Methods. Our state-of-the-art algorithm is composed of wavelet filtering, source detection, and characterization. We carried out a visual inspection of the optical image, and spatial distribution of galaxies within the same redshift layer to confirm the existence of clusters and estimated the cluster redshift with the spectroscopic and photometric redshifts of galaxies. The growth curve analysis was used to characterize the detections.

Results. We present a catalog of extended X-ray galaxy clusters detected from the XMM-SERVS data. The XMM-SERVS X-ray eXtended Galaxy Cluster (XVXGC) catalog features 141 cluster candidates. Specifically, there are 53 clusters previously identified as clusters with intracluster medium (ICM) emission (class 3); 40 that were previously known as optical or infrared (IR) clusters, but detected as X-ray clusters for the first time (class 2); and 48 identified as clusters for the first time (class 1). Compared with the class 3 sample, the “class 1 + class 2” sample is systematically fainter and exhibits a flatter surface brightness profile. Specifically, the median flux in [0.5–2.0] keV band for “class 1 + class 2” and class 3 sample is 1.288 × 10−14 erg/s/cm2 and 1.887 × 10−14 erg/s/cm2, respectively. The median values of β (i.e., the slope of the cluster surface brightness profile) are 0.506 and 0.573 for the “class 1 + class 2” and class 3 samples, respectively. The entire sample is available at the CDS.
First measurement of the triaxiality of the inner dark matter halo of the Milky Way
Authors: Woudenberg Hanneke C. , Helmi Amina
Published: October 2024

Context. Stellar streams are particularly sensitive probes of the mass distribution of galaxies.

Aims. In this work, we focus on the Helmi streams (HS), the remnants of an accreted dwarf galaxy orbiting the inner Milky Way. We examined their peculiar dynamical properties in depth, and used these to provide tight constraints on the Galactic potential, and specifically on its dark matter halo in the inner 20 kpc.

Methods. We extracted 6D phase-space information for the HS from Gaia DR3, and confirm that the streams split up into two clumps in angular momentum space, and that these depict different degrees of phase mixing. To explain these characteristics we explored a range of Galactic potential models with a triaxial NFW halo, further constrained by rotation curve data.

Results. We find that a Galactic potential with a mildly triaxial dark matter halo, with p = 1.013−0.006+0.006, q = 1.204−0.036+0.032, Mdiscs = 4.65−0.057+0.047⋅1010 M⊙ and MDM(< 15kpc) = 1.14−0.10+0.11 ⋅ 1111M⊙,is required to form two clumps in angular momentum space over time. Their formation is driven by the fact that the clumps are on different orbital families and close to an orbital resonance. This resonance also explains the different degrees of mixing observed, as well as the presence of a dynamically cold subclump (also known as S2).

Conclusions. This first and very precise measurement of the triaxiality of the inner dark matter halo of the Galaxy uniquely reveals the high sensitivity of phase mixed streams to the exact form of the gravitational potential.
The combination of Aerobic Biofilter Granular Adsorption-Microfiltration for Seaweed Industry Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Prayitno  , Rulianah Sri , Adidharma Hertanto
Published: October 2024

Wastewater from the seaweed processing industry contains macronutrients, alkalis, and moderately biodegradable organics, and has a large volume. Several treatment combinations such as coagulationflocculation-activated sludge-adsorption have been carried out but are still ineffective, especially if the treated water is reused for process water. This research aimed to analyze the effectiveness of the combination of the aerobic biofilter granular microfiltration process in reducing pollutants. The aerobic biofilter process uses an Aerated Biofilter Fixed Film Biofilter (AF2B), granular adsorption uses Granular Activated Carbon (GAC), while microfiltration uses membrane microfiltration (MF). The parameters tested include Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Turbidity, Total Suspended Solid (TSS), Chlorine, Total Hardness, Fe+2, and Mn+2. Optimum conditions to obtain the best results were determined in each process. The results showed that the combination of the AF2B/GAC process reduced contaminants such as TSS, BOD, COD, and Chlorine by 97%, 99%, 98%, and 99.8% respectively. Furthermore, in the MF process, all pollutants have been removed to meet process water quality standards.
Numerical Modeling of the Effect of Porosity on Mooring Tensions in a Porous Double-slope Floating Breakwater
Authors: Sujantoko Sujantoko , Djatmiko Eko B. , Khadijah Syarifah L. A. , Azzahra Gefira
Published: October 2024

A floating breakwater is a structure used to solve existing problems due to activities around the coast. Floating breakwaters are becoming a more attractive alternative because of their mobility, costeffectiveness in deep coastal waters, and reduced impact on the marine environment. Floating breakwaters consist of floaters with buoyancy to support facilities above the water surface. Floating breakwaters are moored when operating on the high seas using conventional mooring systems or mooring lines. In this study, a numerical investigation of the mooring tension was conducted on a porous double-slope floating breakwater with variations in porosity in the configuration of the mooring ropes of the marine system. Based on the results of numerical testing, it can be seen that the greater the porosity level, the greater the resulting maximum tension. At 5% and 10% porosity, the maximum tensions are 83.12 and 76.14 N on a 45° slope and 82.46 and 82.95 N on a 60° slope, respectively.
Accelerating Battery Electric Vehicle Program through Progressive Carbon Tax and Collection Scheme
Authors: Claudia Sindy Allaam , Ramadhina Assyifa Tasma , Nugraha I Putu Novara Firda Mulya , Sarjana Sri
Published: October 2024

The implementation of sustainable transportation strategies aims to mitigate global warming by generating environmentally friendly energy, reducing carbon emissions, and combating extreme climate change. In Indonesia, the predominant use of gasoline-powered vehicles contributes to pollution and various environmental issues. This research seeks solutions for government policy management to facilitate a sustainable transportation transition through battery electric vehicles. Utilizing a qualitative descriptive research design, the study gathers data through literature reviews on sustainable development in the transportation sector, particularly focusing on renewable energy. The data processing involves reduction, presentation, and verification. The study employs in-depth analysis using the SWOT technique. The findings suggest that the Indonesian government must enhance the adoption of electric vehicles for both public and private use. Additionally, a well-targeted policy strategy is crucial for the effective acceleration of the battery electric vehicle program. Implementing a progressive carbon tax and a strategic tax collection approach could gradually encourage the public to transition to battery electric vehicles, thereby addressing the pressing environmental challenges.
Bio-syngas and Natural Gas Blended Fuel for Gas Turbines: A Computational Study
Authors: Rahman Muhammad Ridho , Sudarmanta Bambang , Suryo Is Bunyamin , Hermawan Rachmat
Published: October 2024

Combined-cycle power plants (CCPPs) are crucial for the energy transition due to their ability to quickly adjust power output, compensating for renewable energy fluctuations. However, CCPPs face challenges such as limited natural gas and residual greenhouse gas emissions. Bio-syngas, an eco-friendly alternative from various sources, is emerging as a viable substitute. This study used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to the combustion performance and emissions of gas turbine combustion chambers with bio-syngas and natural gas mixtures. Three types of syngas and four syngas proportions were evaluated. Results show that increasing syngas proportion reduces combustion efficiency. The most notable decrease is observed in syngas 1, where the combustion efficiency drops from 99.21% to 97.56%. The flame structure shifts to the chamber center at lower syngas proportions and to the sides at higher proportions due to changes in mass flow rate. Lower syngas proportions enhance outlet uniformity, while higher proportions the pattern factor, potentially becoming unsafe for turbine entry. Emissions analysis indicates that higher syngas proportions increase CO2 and CO per heat input, while lower combustion temperatures reduce NOx production. The study concludes that existing turbines can use up to 20% syngas without modifications; beyond this, combustion chamber adjustments are needed.
Exploring the Attitude Towards Sustainability on the Adoption of Green Products
Authors: Alamsyah Doni Purnama , Kurniawan Arnetta Angie , Othman Norfaridatul Akmaliah
Published: October 2024

This decade, sustainability issues have become a concern, marked by the presence of green products. In line with the problem phenomenon, the aim of this research is to examine the factors that support an attitude toward sustainability. There are three latent variables studied: consumer beliefs, subjective norms, and green awareness. This research employs a survey to gather knowledge about eco-friendly products that rely on renewable energy. Questionnaires distributed to respondents via online to collect quantitative data, then tabulated, screened, and processed using the SmartPLS tool. Data testing uses the Structural Equation Model approach, with two tests (PLS Algorithm and Bootstrapping). The model test results show that beliefs, subjective norms, and green awareness perceived by respondents have a positive relationship with attitudes toward sustainability. However, customer beliefs are not significant in influencing increasing attitudes towards sustainability. The research revealed a novel finding green awareness is not recommended as a mediation for subjective norms, but rather a goal achievement that is equivalent to an attitude towards sustainability. The study of consumer behavior towards eco-friendly products reveals the importance of understanding an attitude towards sustainability in promoting sustainable issues worldwide.
Numerical Analysis of Hybrid Cooling Impacts on Battery Temperature under High Discharge and Outdoor Conditions
Authors: Irsyad Sena Abraham , Wikarta Alief , Suryo Is Bunyamin
Published: October 2024

As the demand for renewable energy grows and environmental consciousness increases, there’s a rising interest in electric devices as environmentally friendly solutions. However, lithium-ion batteries used in these devices are susceptible to temperature increases, particularly in outdoor settings, which can impact their performance. To tackle this issue, hybrid cooling systems that combine water cooling and PCM technology are being explored to optimize efficiency outdoors. This study aims to examine how well hybrid cooling systems perform in controlling battery temperature under two operational conditions: changes in speed and working fluid temperature. The speeds used are 0.075 L/min, 0.15 L/min, 0.3 L/min, 0.45 L/min, 0.6 L/min, and 0.75 L/min with water temperatures of 20°C, 25°C, 27°C, and 29°C at discharge rates of 1C and 2C. Results indicate that for a 1C discharge, cooling is effective at a speed of 0.15 L/min with a working temperature of 29°C, as the battery temperature remains below its maximum operational threshold. However, for a 2C discharge, the optimal condition is a flow temperature of 25°C with a speed of 0.6 L/min. Therefore, the proposed conditions can ensure that the battery temperature remains within a safe operating limit.
Impact of a set of environmental variables on the leaf litter breakdown rate in natural streams of the equatorial forest in Cameroon
Authors: Dzavi Jean , Menbohan Samuel Foto , Piscart Christophe
Published: October 2024

This study assessed the environmental factors underlying the leaf litter decomposition rate in streams in the equatorial rainforest of Cameroon. To reach this goal we used the litterbag method and dead leaves of Funtumia africana (Benth) Stapf (Apocynaceae)in seven natural streams. Concomitantly, we measured biological (fungi and macroinvertebrates) and environmental parameters to highlight those that control the leaf litter breakdown rates. The breakdown rates ranged from 0.035 to 0.056 with an average of 0.042 ± 0.006 in the coarse-mesh litterbags (Kc) and from 0.018 to 0.059 with an average of 0.037 ± 0.01 in the fine-mesh litterbags (Kf). No significant difference was observed between seasons or sites, except for Kf.. As in other tropical rainforests in South America and Asia, the breakdown rates are mainly resulted from microbial activity; the contribution of shredders was negligible, as confirmed by the Kc to Kf ratio and the litter fragmentation rate λF. Among environmental factors, only the distance from the source and the pH were positively correlated with the leaf litter breakdown rates.
New invader colonises the Danube: Quistadrilus multisetosus (Smith, 1900) (Clitellata: Naididae) population settled in the Slovakian stretch of the Danube floodplain
Authors: Kokavec Igor , Mláka Miroslav , Elexová Emília Mišíková
Published: October 2024

This study reports the establishment of a population of Quistadrilus multisetosus (Smith, 1900), a new addition to the Slovak fauna, in the Danube floodplain. This finding also identifies the species as a new inhabitant of the Danube river-floodplain system. Its presence in this new area confirms its high potential for dispersal, as previously documented in other European countries. The Danube could therefore serve as the main corridor for the species' spread in this region. Although Q. multisetosus occurs only occasionally worldwide, established populations, as observed in large river surveys, can become very numerous and potentially impact indigenous species communities.
When Bell's Palsy Is Cancer: Avoiding Misdiagnosis and Its Implications
Authors: Wen Y. Edward , Rail Benjamin , Sanchez Cristina V. , Gorman April R. , Rozen Shai M.
Published: October 2024

Background Facial paralysis due to cancer can be misdiagnosed as Bell's palsy. This study aims to clearly identify and quantify diagnostic differentiators and further evaluate the prognostic implications of misdiagnosis.

Methods Adult patients older than 18 years with facial palsy of unknown or cancerous etiology presenting between 2009 and 2023 were reviewed. Patient characteristics, examination findings, and clinical course were compared between facial paralysis patients with cancer misdiagnosed as Bell's palsy (Cancer-Bell's-Palsy group) and patients correctly diagnosed with Bell's palsy (Bell's-Palsy group). Additionally, morbidity and mortality were compared between facial paralysis patients with cancer initially misdiagnosed with Bell's palsy and facial paralysis patients initially correctly diagnosed with cancer (Cancer-Palsy group).

Results Two-hundred and forty-three patients participated including 43 Cancer-Palsy, 18 Cancer-Bell's-Palsy, and 182 Bell's-Palsy patients. Cancer-Bell's-Palsy patients were significantly less likely than Bell's-Palsy patients to develop synkinesis (odds ratio [OR] = 0.0042; 95% confidence interval [CI]: [0.0005–0.0339]; p < 0.0001), significantly more likely to experience gradual onset facial paralysis (OR = 1,004.69; 95% CI: [54.40–18,555.77]; p < 0.0001), and significantly more likely to have additional nonfacial cranial nerve neuropathies (OR = 49.98; 95% CI: [14.61–170.98]; p < 0.0001). Cancer-Bell's-Palsy patients were more likely than Cancer-Palsy patients to have a greater than 6-month period from initial cancer-attributable symptom onset to cancer diagnosis (OR = 47.62; 95% CI: [9.26–250.00]; p < 0.001), stage IV cancer (OR: 12.36; 95% CI: 1.49–102.71; p = 0.006), and decreased duration of life after cancer diagnosis (median [interquartile range], 40.0 [87.0] vs. 12 [56.3] months, respectively; p = 0.025).

Conclusion Facial paralysis related to cancer must be differentiated from Bell's palsy, as misdiagnosis leads to delayed intervention and poorer prognosis. Gradual onset facial palsy, multiple cranial nerve neuropathies, lack of synkinesis, and lack of improvement were nearly definitive differentiators for underlying cancer.