bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A literature review as an aid to identify strategies for mitigating ostreid herpesvirus 1 in Crassostrea gigas hatchery and nursery systems
Authors: Rodgers Chris , Arzul Isabelle , Carrasco Noèlia , Furones Nozal Dolores
Published: March 2018

An understanding of husbandry strategies and any associated risk factors is important for designing management control measures that can reduce mortality in Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas, caused by ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV‐1). The type of culture facility can be considered in relation to the potential pathways that could lead to the entry of a pathogen and its survival. In addition, the animal host (e.g. age, physiological state, selective breeding programmes), husbandry procedures (e.g. stocking density), the pathogen itself (e.g. pathogenicity, virulence) and environmental effects (e.g. temperature) represent other relevant interconnected factors. However, all these factors provide valuable background information for outlining the mitigation strategies needed by the industry, as well as in the context of surveillance and biosecurity programmes. These control mechanisms for hatchery or nursery areas are related to movement restrictions, water treatment, virus inactivation, the production calendar and practical farm management decisions. This comprehensive literature review compiles information related to such approaches and also includes the different existing guidelines suggested for control of OsHV‐1. Therefore, the review represents a solid foundation for a more critical appraisal currently being developed to support recommendations for disease management strategies.
The effect of farrowing duration and parity on preovulatory follicular size and oxytocin release of sows at subsequent oestrus
Authors: Yun J , Björkman S , Oliviero C , Soede N , Peltoniemi O
Published: March 2018

Contents

This study examined the extent to which prolonged farrowing and parity are associated with plasma oxytocin concentrations and follicular development of oestrous sows during subsequent insemination. A total of 30 sows were allocated to two groups based on farrowing duration: (i) SHORT (n = 14): 159 ± 29 min, (ii) LONG (n = 16): 533 ± 190 min. The sows were also divided into two parity classes: (i) YOUNG (n = 14): parity 2.5 ± 0.8, (ii) OLD (n = 16): parity 6.4 ± 2.3. After weaning, the ovaries were examined daily with transrectal ultrasound. On the second day of oestrus, blood samples were collected for oxytocin (OT) assay at −15, −10, −5, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +6, +8, +10, +15, +20, +25, +30, +40, +50 and +60 min with a boar contact between 0 and +10 min. Boar presence stimulated an increase in OT concentrations (p < .05). During boar presence, OT in the LONG group was higher than in the SHORT group (p < .01). The sows in the OLD group had a longer farrowing duration than in the YOUNG group (p < .05). OT levels and diameters of follicles were more relevant for parity than was the duration of farrowing. We therefore conclude that the OT levels and follicular development of oestrous sows are associated due to parity but difficult to be predicted from the duration of previous farrowing.
Anti‐Muellerian hormone concentration in bitches with histopathologically diagnosed ovarian tumours and cysts
Authors: Walter B , Coelfen A , Jäger K , Reese S , Meyer‐Lindenberg A , Aupperle‐Lellbach H
Published: March 2018

Contents

Increased concentrations of Anti‐Muellerian hormone (AMH) can indicate a granulosa cell tumour as shown in women, mares and cows. To investigate AMH to differentiate canine granulosa cell tumour from other ovarian pathologies, we evaluated the ovaries of 63 bitches. Blood serum samples were collected before surgery for AMH analysis. Ovaries were submitted for histopathological examination. Fourteen bitches showed normal ovaries. These bitches had AMH values between 0.12 and 0.99 ng/ml. In 20 bitches ovarian cysts i.e., follicular cysts (n = 8), corpora lutea cysts (n = 7), subsurface cysts (n = 5) were diagnosed. These dogs had AMH values of 0.11–2.09 ng/ml. Bitches with small luteinized follicular cysts had slightly higher AMH values than those without ovarian alteration. In 29 cases ovarian neoplasms i.e., granulosa cell tumour (n = 9), epithelial tumours (n = 16), dysgerminomas (n = 3) and one sarcoma were identified. Anti‐Muellerian hormone values of bitches with an ovarian neoplasm except granulosa cell tumour ranged from 0.18 to 1.18 ng/ml. The AMH values of bitches with granulosa cell tumour ranged from 1.12 to ≤23 ng/ml and were significantly higher (p < .05) than in all of the other bitches. The cut‐off of 0.99 ng/ml gave a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 94.44% to diagnose granulosa cell tumour. In conclusion, markedly elevated AMH concentrations in bitches are indicative for a granulosa cell tumour. However, negative testing does not rule out the existence of small one. Differentiation of GCT from luteinized follicular cysts may especially be difficult.
Changes in plasma concentrations of S100A7 and S100A8 in dairy cows during pregnancy
Authors: Elgawish RA , Ogata Y , Hidaka T , Nii T , Yoshimura Y , Isobe N
Published: March 2018

Contents

This study was carried out to examine the changes in plasma concentrations of the Ca‐binding antimicrobial proteins S100A7 and S100A8 during pregnancy in dairy cows. Holstein Friesian cows (n = 19) were inseminated with Holstein Friesian semen. Blood was collected at days 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240 and 270 after insemination. Plasma was used for measuring the concentrations of S100A7 and S100A8. Both S100A7 and S100A8 concentrations showed similar patterns during gestation; they increased during the midgestation, between days 90 and 180, and then declined before calving. The findings indicated that plasma concentrations of S100A7 and S100A8 did not change significantly during pregnancy in cows. Further studies are required to determine the roles of S100A7 and S100A8 in physiological function during pregnancy in dairy cows.
Irradiation of semen doses with LED‐based red light in a photo chamber does not improve in vitro quality of thermically stressed boar spermatozoa
Authors: Luther A , Le Thi X , Schäfer J , Schulze M , Waberski D
Published: March 2018

Contents

Recent reports indicate that stimulation of liquid‐stored boar semen with red LED‐based light improves sperm quality and reproductive performance in sow herds. So far, in vitro data after LED stimulation of whole semen doses are lacking. In this study, the effect of LED light exposure on the in vitro quality of boar spermatozoa after storage and thermic incubation was examined. Boar semen doses were stored at 17°C (n = 10) or 5°C (n = 6) in Beltsville Thawing Solution extender and then exposed to red LED light using a commercial photo chamber. During a subsequent long‐term incubation at 38°C, neither sperm kinematic parameters nor mitochondria function or membrane integrity differed between control and treated samples (p > .05). It is concluded that stimulation of semen doses in the LED‐photo chamber does not improve quality of thermically stressed boar sperm in vitro. Other than the sperm traits tested here might be involved in the previously reported improvement of in vivo fertility.
Differential promoter methylation of DAZL gene in bulls with varying seminal parameters
Authors: Sarova N , Ahlawat S , Grewal A , Sharma R , Arora R
Published: March 2018

Contents

In India, cross‐breeding of indigenous cattle with exotic cattle such as Holstein Friesian and Jersey has been going on since last four decades to improve milk production. Although it has led to increased milk yield, the subfertility in male cross‐bred progeny has remained a significant problem. Epigenetic modifications (DNA methylation, histone modifications and chromatin remodelling) are regarded as key players influencing gene expression. DAZL gene plays an important role in germline development and gametogenesis. The methylation and mRNA expression level of this gene have been significantly negatively correlated in the testes of cattle–yak hybrids and their parents. This study analysed the methylation profile of DAZL gene promoter in bull spermatozoa in an attempt to speculate its role in cross‐bred cattle subfertility. Semen samples from Sahiwal, Holstein Friesian and Frieswal bulls (Sahiwal X Holstein Friesian) with varying semen motility parameters were collected, and DNA was isolated. Methylation‐specific primers were used to amplify part of promoter and exon 1 of DAZL gene using bisulphite‐converted DNA. The amplified products were sequenced after cloning in pTZ57R/T vector. Sequence analysis revealed significantly higher DNA methylation of DAZL gene in Frieswal bulls with poor motility (28.26%) as compared to medium (15.21%) and high motility phenotype (6.52%). In pure‐bred counterparts, Sahiwal and Holstein Friesian, epigenetic marks were more in the former (15.21%) than the latter (4.34%), but in both cases, the values were lower as compared to the poor motility Frieswal bulls. This suggests that differential hypermethylation of the CpG islands could possibly influence reproductive parameters in bovines.
Geochemical Constraints on the Origin of Banded Iron Formation‐Hosted Iron Ore from the Archaean Ntem Complex (Congo Craton) in the Meyomessi Area, Southern Cameroon
Authors: Ganno Sylvestre , Tsozué Désiré , Kouankap Nono Gus Djibril , Tchouatcha Milan Stafford , Ngnotué Timoléon , Gamgne Takam Ruth , Nzenti Jean Paul
Published: March 2018

Banded iron formations (BIFs) are the most significant source of iron in the world. In this study, we report petrographic and geochemical data of the BIF from the Meyomessi area in the Ntem Complex, southern Cameroon, and discuss their genesis and the iron enrichment process. Field investigations and petrography have revealed that the studied BIF samples are hard; compact; weakly weathered; and composed of magnetite, subordinate quartz, and geothite. The geochemical composition of the whole rock reveals that iron and silica represent more than 98 wt% of the average composition, whereas Al2O3, TiO2, and high‐field strength elements (HFSE) contents are very low, similar to detritus‐free marine chemical precipitates. The total iron (TFe) contents range from 48.71 to 65.32 wt % (average of 53.29 wt %) and, together with the low concentrations of deleterious elements (0.19 wt % P on average), are consistent with medium‐grade iron ores by global standards. This interpretation is confirmed by the SiO2/Fe2O3total versus (MgO + CaO + MnO)/Fe2O3total discrimination plot in which most of the Meyomessi BIF samples fall in the field of medium‐grade siliceous ore. Only one sample (MGT94) plots in the high‐grade magnetite–geothite ore domain. The high Fe/Ti (376.36), Fe/Al (99.90), and Si/Al (29.26) ratios of the sample are consistent with significant hydrothermal components. The rare earth elements (REE) contents of the studied BIF samples are very low (∑REE: 0.81–1.47 ppm), and the Post‐Archaean Australian Shale (PAAS)‐normalized patterns display weak positive Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu*: 1.15–1.33), suggesting a syngenetic low‐temperature hydrothermal solutions, similar to other BIF worldwide. However, the Meyomessi BIFs show high Fe contents when compared to the other BIFs. This indicates an epigenetic mineralization process affected the Meyomessi BIF. From the above results and based on the field and analytical data, we propose that the genetic model of iron ores at the Meyomessi area involves two stages of the enrichment process, hypogene enrichment of BIF protore by metamorphic and magmatic fluids followed by supergene alteration as indicated by the presence of goethite in the rocks.
Geriatric dentistry education and context in a selection of countries in 5 continents
Authors: Marchini Leonardo , Ettinger Ronald , Chen Xi , Kossioni Anastassia , Tan Haiping , Tada Sayaka , Ikebe Kazunori , Dosumu Elizabeth Bosede , Oginni Fadekemi O. , Akeredolu Patricia Adetokunbo , Butali Azeez , Donnelly Leeann , Brondani Mario , Fritzsch Bernd , Adeola Henry A.
Published: March 2018

Purpose/aim

To summarize and discuss how geriatric dentistry has been addressed in dental schools of different countries regarding to (1) teaching students at the predoctoral level; (2) advanced training, and (3) research.

Method and materials

A convenience sample of faculty members from a selection of high, upper‐middle and lower‐middle income countries were recruited to complete the survey. The survey had 5 open‐ended main topics, and asked about (1) the size of their elderly population, (2) general information about dental education; (3) the number of dental schools teaching geriatric dentistry, and their teaching methods; (4) advanced training in geriatric dentistry; (5) scholarship/research in geriatric dentistry.

Results and conclusion

(1) There is great variation in the size of elderly population; (2) duration of training and content of dental education curriculum varies; (3) geriatric dentistry has not been established as a standalone course in dental schools in the majority of the countries, (4) most countries, with the exception of Japan, lack adequate number of dentists trained in geriatric dentistry as well as training programs, and (5) geriatric dentistry‐related research has increased in recent years in scope and content, although the majority of these papers are not in English.
The effect of 6 months or longer duration of chronic obstructive respiratory disease medication on the oral health parameters of adults
Authors: Raj Raashi , Manu Mohan K. , Prakash Peralam Y. , Singhal Deepak K. , Acharya Shashidhar
Published: March 2018

The objectives of this study were to study the effect of COPD medication of 6 months or more duration on oral health parameters of adult patients. A cross‐sectional study was conducted to assess and compare the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT), oral hygiene index‐simplified (OHI‐S), periodontal disease index (PDI) scores, and presence of candida (colony‐forming units [CFU]) among adult patients aged 20–45 years who had a history of 6 months or longer duration usage of chronic respiratory disease medications, with controls. A total of 170 participants each were taken in both the groups. Oral health parameters like DMFT scores (p ≤ 0.002), OHI‐S (p ≤ 0.001), calculus scores (p ≤ 0.001), plaque scores (p ≤ 0.001), and CFU/ml of candida species (p ≤ 0.001) were higher among cases than controls. DMFT scores and candida presence were significantly higher among those whose treatment duration was greater than 5 years as compared to those with lesser duration. Gingival‐periodontal component scores of PDI were lower among cases than controls (p ≤ 0.001). Our findings suggest the need for regular oral health maintenance for those under COPD treatment and for greater research into the possible protective role of inhaled corticosteroids in limiting periodontal disease among patients.
Brown tumor of the jaws as a manifestation of tertiary hyperparathyroidism: A literature review and case report
Authors: dos Santos Bethina , Koth Valesca Sander , Figueiredo Maria Antonia , Salum Fernanda Gonçalves , Cherubini Karen
Published: March 2018

Brown tumor of the jaws is a manifestation of hyperparathyroidism consisting of osteolytic lesions that show proliferation of multinucleated giant cells in the maxilla and/or mandible. Differential diagnosis of these lesions from local central giant‐cell granuloma is mandatory for the correct treatment of the patient. Radiographic and histopathological exams of the jaw lesion are not sufficient to determine the diagnosis, which requires laboratory tests including serum levels of calcium, alkaline phosphatase, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and phosphate, and radiographic examination of other bones as well, such as hand‐wrist, pelvis, and femur. We present here a brief literature review focusing on the clinical and radiographic features, diagnostic criteria and treatment of brown tumor and also report a case of the disease affecting the jaw.
Fluvial products and processes before the evolution of land plants: Evidence from the lower Cambrian Series Rouge, English Channel region
Authors: Went David J. , McMahon William J.
Published: March 2018

Fluvial strata deposited before the advent of land plants are commonly sheet‐like in geometry, lacking in channel forms. Although some pre‐vegetation strata contrast strongly with fluvial strata from later eras, the characterization of pre‐Devonian fluvial drainage systems remains incomplete. Field studies of the fluvial facies and architecture of the Series Rouge are presented to identify the products and processes of fluvial deposition occurring at high latitudes in the early Cambrian. Three different depositional styles or facies associations are recognized. Facies Association 1 is the most abundant (67%) comprising repetitively stacked sheets of trough cross‐stratified sandstone interpreted to represent the preferential preservation of the deepest parts of low sinuosity, braided river channels, 4 to 6 m deep. Facies Association 2 is also common (30%) and displays more complex facies sequences that include stacked sheets of trough cross‐strata, sets of large‐scale tabular cross‐strata, planar strata and subordinate mudstone. These facies are interpreted to reflect deposition in braided rivers with deeper channels, 6 to 8 m deep. These channels were more sinuous and subject to steady lateral migration which resulted in preservation of both deep and shallow parts of the river. Facies Association 3 is uncommon (3%) comprising interbedded sequences of cross‐stratified sandstone and mudstone interpreted to reflect deposition on a muddy coastal plain in a mixture of braided and meandering channels, 1 to 3 m deep. The fluvial strata of the Series Rouge indicate that these pre‐vegetation drainage systems were predominantly braided fluvial in origin. However, the style of braided fluvial deposition varied according to discharge and valley slope, the braided rivers becoming more migratory with decreasing slope. Meandering channel deposition was locally evident but was restricted to channels of low discharge crossing low gradient muddy coastal plains.
Crestline bifurcation and dynamics in fluvially‐dominated, tidally‐influenced flow
Authors: Hendershot Megan L. , Venditti Jeremy G. , Church Michael , Bradley Ryan , Kostaschuk Ray A. , Allison Mead A.
Published: March 2018

Current understanding of dune dynamics in rivers and estuaries in response to varying flows remains incomplete, particularly with respect to pattern evolution. This study presents observations of dune crestline change during the gradually varied flow caused by the influence of a diurnal tide on the fluvially‐dominated Fraser Estuary, British Columbia, Canada. Observations consist of a 1·0 km long and 0·5 km wide patch of a dune field mapped repeatedly during a falling and rising spring tide, on the rising limb of annual hydrograph immediately prior to peak freshet. The fundamental relations between dune geometry, translation rate, sediment flux and the birth, death and piracy of dune crestlines are explored. The data show that the bedform field consists of primary, channel‐spanning dunes with a series of interconnected secondary crestlines. The primary crestlines are two‐dimensional and experience little change over the tide cycle. The secondary crestlines impart a three‐dimensionality to the bedform field that is dynamic with the flow. There is a predominance of dune crestline bifurcation ‘deaths’ (disappearances) over ‘births’ (appearances) as flow velocity in the channel increases, suggesting that the crestline configuration is moving towards a more two‐dimensional configuration. As the flow wanes, bifurcation births outweigh deaths, suggesting that the dune field becomes more complex and three‐dimensional. The results suggest that the primary response to variable flow may be a simplification of the dune field towards a two‐dimensional configuration as flow increases and added complexity towards a more three‐dimensional configuration as the dune flow wanes.
CD38 protein deficiency induces autoimmune characteristics and its activation enhances IL‐10 production by regulatory B cells
Authors: Domínguez‐Pantoja M. , López‐Herrera G. , Romero‐Ramírez H. , Santos‐Argumedo L. , Chávez‐Rueda A. K. , Hernández‐Cueto Á. , Flores‐Muñoz M. , Rodríguez‐Alba J. C.
Published: March 2018

CD38 is a transmembrane protein expressed in B lymphocytes, and is able to induce responses as proliferation, differentiation or apoptosis. Several reports propose that CD38 deficiency accelerates autoimmune processes in murine models of autoimmune diabetes, lymphoproliferation and rheumatoid arthritis. Other reports have shown elevated CD38 expression in B and T cells from patients with autoimmunity; however, the role of CD38 is still unclear in the development of autoimmunity. Recently, it has been characterized as CD1dhi CD5+ regulatory B cell subpopulation able to produce IL‐10, and the loss of these cells exacerbates the autoimmunity in murine models. Here, we report that CD38−/− mice exhibited elevated titres of ANAS, anti‐dsDNA autoantibodies from 12 months of age and were higher by 16 months of age and mice presented kidney damage. Interestingly, there is a reduction in the survival of CD38−/− mice compared to the WT. Furthermore, CD38 is highly expressed by CD1dhigh CD5+ regulatory B cells, and the agonistic anti‐CD38 stimulus plus LPS was able to increase the percentage of this cell subset and its ability to induce IL‐10 production. Together, these results suggest that CD38 could play a role in the control of autoimmune diseases through their expression on regulatory B cells.
Minority Stress and Relational Mechanisms of Suicide among Sexual Minorities: Subgroup Differences in the Associations Between Heterosexist Victimization, Shame, Rejection Sensitivity, and Suicide Risk
Authors: Mereish Ethan H. , Peters Jessica R. , Yen Shirley
Published: March 2018

Despite sexual orientation disparities in suicide, there is limited research examining factors associated with suicide risk among sexual minorities while considering subgroup differences within this group. This study identified differences between sexual minorities at risk for suicide and those not at risk. The study also examined heterosexist victimization, as one form of minority stress, and two relational mechanisms (i.e., shame and rejection sensitivity) as risk factors for suicidality. We examined a moderated‐mediation model, in which we tested gender and sexual orientation differences in the mediating effects of the relational mechanisms on the association between heterosexist victimization and suicide risk. Participants were recruited online and completed an online survey. The sample included 719 sexual minority adults. Of the sample, 27.7% were at risk for suicide. Suicide risk varied by age, gender, sexual orientation, income, education, and relationship status. Heterosexist victimization, shame, and rejection sensitivity were significant risk factors for suicide. Shame and rejection sensitivity were mediators of the association between heterosexist victimization and suicide risk for subgroups of sexual minorities, mostly lesbian and gay individuals and to some extent bisexual individuals. The findings underscore minority stress, shame, and rejection sensitivity as key intervention points.
Suicidality Disclosed Online: Using a Simulated Facebook Task to Identify Predictors of Support Giving to Friends at Risk of Self‐harm
Authors: Corbitt‐Hall Darcy J. , Gauthier Jami M. , Troop‐Gordon Wendy
Published: March 2018

Although peer support in response to online disclosures of suicidality may be imperative for suicide prevention efforts, little is known as to how often support is provided or what predicts giving support. This study addresses this issue by investigating the odds of providing peer support in response to simulated online disclosures of suicidality. While interacting with a simulated Facebook newsfeed, participants (N = 690, Mage = 20.24, 527 female) were given the opportunity to leave comments on two posts disclosing low, moderate, or severe risk for suicide. Participants also completed questionnaires on their symptoms of depression and anxiety, experience with a loved one's suicidality, and Facebook use strategies. Only 33.6% of participants left a positive, supportive comment on at least one of the two suicide posts. Content severity, experience with a loved one's suicide attempts, and use of Facebook to meet people were predictive of providing positive comments. These findings suggest that young adults vary in their propensity to provide support after encountering a suicide disclosure online and that giving support is driven by a combination of contextual and intrapersonal factors.
Resistance band training or general exercise in multidisciplinary rehabilitation of low back pain? A randomized trial
Authors: Iversen V. M. , Vasseljen O. , Mork P. J. , Gismervik S. , Bertheussen G. F. , Salvesen Ø. , Fimland M. S.
Published: March 2018

Multidisciplinary biopsychosocial rehabilitation has been recommended for chronic low back pain (LBP), including physical exercise. However, which exercise modality that is most advantageous in multidisciplinary biopsychosocial rehabilitation is unclear. In this study, we investigated whether multidisciplinary biopsychosocial rehabilitation could be more effective in reducing pain‐related disability when general physical exercise was replaced by strength training in the form of progressive resistance training using elastic resistance bands. In this single‐blinded (researchers), randomized controlled trial, 99 consenting adults with moderate‐to‐severe non‐specific LBP were randomized to three weeks of multidisciplinary biopsychosocial rehabilitation with either general physical exercise or progressive resistance band training and were then instructed to continue with their respective home‐based programs for nine additional weeks, in which three booster sessions were offered. The primary outcome was between‐group difference in change on the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) at 12 weeks. Due to early dropouts, data from 74 participants (mean age: 45 years, 57% women, mean ODI: 30.4) were obtained at baseline, 61 participants were followed‐up at 3 weeks, and 46 at 12 weeks. There was no difference in the change in ODI score between groups at 12 weeks (mean difference 1.9, 95% CI: −3.6, 7.4, P = .49). Likewise, the change in secondary outcomes did not differ between groups, except for the patient‐specific functional scale (0‐10), which favored general physical exercise (mean difference 1.4, 95% CI: 0.1, 2.7, P = .033). In conclusion, this study does not support that progressive resistance band training compared to general physical exercise improve outcomes in multidisciplinary biopsychosocial rehabilitation for patients with non‐specific LBP.
Maternal responses to negative emotions and child externalizing behavior: Different relations for 5‐, 6‐, and 7‐year‐olds
Authors: Nelson Jackie A. , Boyer Brittany P.
Published: March 2018

Emotional and behavioral maturity expectations increase as children transition to primary school; thus, maternal responses that support and encourage children's expression of negative emotion may not benefit school‐age children as much as preschoolers. The current study explored a change in the utility of these maternal responses among 187 families (62 5‐year‐olds, 75 6‐year‐olds, and 50 7‐year‐olds). Mothers reported on their responses to children's negative emotions and children's externalizing and internalizing behaviors at two time points over 1 year. Multiple group analysis within cross‐lagged path models revealed a positive association between non‐supportive maternal responses and later child externalizing behaviors among 5‐year‐olds. However, non‐supportive responses were related to decreases in externalizing behaviors among the 7‐year‐olds. Discrepant findings between the 5‐ and 7‐year‐olds may represent a developmental shift in the function of mothers' emotion socialization practices.
State Spending and Governance: A Cross‐National Analysis of Forest Loss in Developing Nations*
Authors: Sommer Jamie M.
Published: March 2018

Conservationists and academics have long investigated the factors that impact forest loss in low‐ and middle‐income nations. Characteristics of the state, namely state spending, may impact forest loss in low‐ and middle‐income nations, although this relationship has been understudied and the limited research that exists has yielded contradictory results. I begin by reevaluating the relationship between state spending and forest loss using robust regression models for a sample of 97 low‐ and middle‐income nations. Initially, in line with extant literature, I find no support for the idea that state spending is related to forest loss. However, I respecify the models to consider if state spending interacts with governance factors including political stability, control of corruption, rule of law, government effectiveness, and regulatory quality. Governance is defined as the state's ability to formulate, implement, and manage the nation's funds, policies, and procedures effectively. I find that state spending reduces forest loss more in nations with higher levels of governance than at lower levels of governance.
Social Innovation in Rural Regions: Urban Impulses and Cross‐Border Constellations of Actors
Authors: Noack Anika , Federwisch Tobias
Published: March 2018

Research on social innovation in rural regions is gaining momentum. However, the question where new impulses for innovation in rural regions are being created remains unanswered. This article argues that social innovation processes in rural regions can be inspired by cross‐border constellations of actors and do, at times, build on bodies of knowledge and practices widespread in urban areas. Ethnographic data from Germany's rural Eifel region in Rhineland‐Palatinate, Lower Lusatia, and the Uckermark region located in Brandenburg illustrates the way in which external urban factors and cross‐border constellations of actors can influence rural social innovation. Thereby, rural social innovation stimulates the intersection of rural and urban elements (strengthening rural‐urban relations) and the erosion of rural‐urban antagonisms.
Conditions and decisions of urban elementary teachers regarding instruction of STEM curriculum
Authors: Smith Erica L. , Parker Carolyn A. , McKinney David , Grigg Jeffrey
Published: March 2018

The study was situated in a National Science Foundation supported Math Science Partnership between a private university and an urban school district. This study sought to understand the decision‐making process of elementary teachers as they implement an integrated science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) curriculum in their classrooms and the interactions that occur between the teachers and curriculum during that process. This qualitative study utilized a comparative case study approach to understanding the decision‐making process of three elementary teachers enacting the same lesson. Analysis of the interactions revealed that the teachers' perceptions of student ability, their pedagogical design capacity, and time were influences that impacted implementation. These findings have implications for STEM‐focused professional development of elementary teachers.
Body‐based activities in secondary geometry: An analysis of learning and viewpoint
Authors: Smith Carmen Petrick
Published: March 2018

Body‐based activities have the potential to support mathematics learning, but we know little about the impact they have in the classroom. This study compares high school geometry students learning through either body‐based or analogous non‐body‐based activities over the course of a two‐week unit on similarity. Pre‐ and post‐tests revealed that while students in both conditions showed gains in content area comprehension over the course of the study, the body‐based condition showed significantly greater gains. Further, there were differences in the language students used to describe the learning activities at the end of the unit that may have contributed to the differences in learning gains. The students in the body‐based condition included more mathematical and nonmathematical details in their recollections. Additionally, students in the body‐based condition were more likely to recall their experiences from a first‐person perspective, while students in the control condition were more likely to use a third‐person perspective.
Prevalence, distribution and amplitude of the complement interference phenomenon in single antigen flow beads assays
Authors: Guidicelli G. , Visentin J. , Franchini N. , Borg C. , Merville P. , Couzi L. , Taupin J.‐L.
Published: March 2018

HLA antibody detection with single antigen flow beads (SAFB) assays is impaired by complement interference whose frequency, predictability and distribution among HLA antigens have not been analyzed in large cohorts. We compared in two patients' cohorts the routine follow‐up SAFB profiles obtained in class I (n = 129) and class II (n = 85) with and without ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)‐treatment. The presence of complement interference was defined according to the reproducibility of the SAFB assays evaluated with our class I and II routine positive control sera. Interference occurred in 29.5% and 45.9% of patients in class I and II, respectively. In the untreated condition, at serum level, neither the number of positive beads, the highest bead mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) nor MFI at bead level, satisfactorily predicted interference. HLA‐C were the least affected among class I beads. HLA‐DQ beads were the most affected in class II. At least one antibody specificity was falsely negative without EDTA for about 3% of sera in class I and 9% in class II. EDTA‐treatment did not significantly modify the low‐MFI strengths (500‐3000 range). This study emphasizes the high frequency of complement interference and the importance and advantages of systematically pretreating sera with EDTA before performing SAFB assays.
Clinical significance of post‐prophylaxis cytomegalovirus infection in lung transplant recipients
Authors: Jaamei Nikta , Koutsokera Angela , Pasquier Jérôme , Mombelli Matteo , Meylan Pascal , Pascual Manuel , Aubert John‐David , Manuel Oriol
Published: March 2018

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease has been associated with the development of chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) after transplantation. However, the relevance of CMV replication occurring after the discontinuation of antiviral prophylaxis on the development of CLAD has not been fully established. Patients who underwent lung transplantation during 2004‐2014 were included. All patients received antiviral prophylaxis for 3‐6 months, followed by monitoring of CMV replication during the first year post‐transplantation (preemptive therapy). Risk factors for the development of CLAD were assessed by Cox models. A linear regression model with an interaction coefficient between time and CMV infection was used to evaluate the influence of CMV infection on the evolution of FEV1. Overall, 69 patients were included, 30/69 (43%) patients developed at least 1 episode of significant CMV infection, and 8/69 (11.5%) patients developed CMV disease. After a median follow‐up of 3.67 years, 25/69 (36%) patients developed CLAD and 14/69 (20%) patients died. In the univariate Cox analysis, significant CMV infection (HR 1.177, P = .698), CMV disease (HR 1.001, P = .998), and duration of CMV replication (HR 1.004, P = .758) were not associated with CLAD. Only bacterial pneumonia tended to be associated with CLAD in the multivariate model (HR 2.579, P = .062). We did not observe a significant interaction between CMV replication and evolution FEV1 (interaction coefficient 0.006, CI 95% [−0.084 to 0.096], P = .890). In this cohort of lung transplant recipients receiving antiviral prophylaxis and monitored by preemptive therapy post‐prophylaxis, CMV infection did not have impact on long‐term allograft lung function.
Sexual acquisition of HIV infection after solid organ transplantation: Late presentation and potentially fatal complications
Authors: Cristelli M.P. , Mazolin M.A. , Manzardo C. , Ribeiro M.S.J. , Cofán F. , Santos D.W.C. , Castel M.A. , Tedesco‐Silva H. , Moreno A. , Diekman F. , Miro J.M. , Medina‐Pestana J.O.
Published: March 2018

Introduction

While the growing knowledge on HIV among solid organ transplant recipients (SOT) is limited to either pretransplant infection or allograft transmission, there are only sparse reports describing HIV‐infection after transplantation through sexual route, the primary mode of transmission in the general population.

Methods

From two different centers, we report nine new cases of HIV infection in SOT recipients attributed to sexual acquisition: eight cases of kidney‐transplant recipients and one heart‐transplant recipient.

Findings

There were nine cases of post‐transplant HIV‐infection detected among 14 526 transplants performed 1998 to 2015. In 6/9 cases, infection was contracted 5 years after SOT. All but one patient had stable allograft function under immunosuppressive therapy. The main trigger to diagnosis was late CMV disease and sexually transmitted diseases; five patients had CDC‐stage 3 HIV infection. In 7/9 patients, virologic response and CD4 recovery were achieved within 3 months after starting antiretroviral therapy (ART). After an average of 3.6 years post diagnosis, 5/9 patients remained alive with well‐controlled infection and functioning allograft.

Conclusion

Sexual acquisition of HIV infection after SOT represents a difficult challenge, as it may occur in any kind of transplant and at any time. The course of infection resembles that of the general population, with life‐threatening infectious complications, but good response to ART. Assessment of lifestyle and risk behavior is paramount, as indications may be not disclosed without direct questioning.
Cytidinediphosphate‐diacylglycerol synthase 5 is required for phospholipid homeostasis and is negatively involved in hyperosmotic stress tolerance
Authors: Hong Yue , Yuan Shu , Sun Linxiao , Wang Xuemin , Hong Yueyun
Published: March 2018

Cytidinediphosphate diacylglycerol synthase (CDS) uses phosphatidic acid (PA) and cytidinetriphosphate to produce cytidinediphosphate‐diacylglycerol, an intermediate for phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and phosphatidylinositol (PI) synthesis. This study shows that CDS5, one of the five CDSs of the Oryza sativa (rice) genome, has multifaceted effects on plant growth and stress responses. The loss of CDS5 resulted in a decrease in PG and PI levels, defective thylakoid membranes, pale leaves in seedlings and growth retardation. In addition, the loss of CDS5 led to an elevated PA level and enhanced hyperosmotic tolerance. The inhibition of phospholipase D (PLD)‐derived PA formation in cds5 restored the hyperosmotic stress tolerance of the mutant phenotype to that of the wild type, suggesting that CDS5 functions as a suppressor in PLD‐derived PA signaling and negatively affects hyperosmotic stress tolerance.
Elevated free hemoglobin and decreased haptoglobin levels are associated with adverse clinical outcomes, unfavorable physiologic measures, and altered inflammatory markers in pediatric cardiac surgery patients
Authors: Cholette Jill M. , Pietropaoli Anthony P. , Henrichs Kelly F. , Alfieris George M. , Powers Karen S. , Gensini Francisco , Rubenstein Jeffrey S. , Sweeney Dawn , Phipps Richard , Spinelli Sherry L. , Refaai Majed A. , Eaton Michael P. , Blumberg Neil
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUND

There are data suggesting that free hemoglobin (Hb), heme, and iron contribute to infection, thrombosis, multiorgan failure, and death in critically ill patients. These outcomes may be mitigated by haptoglobin.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS

164 consecutively treated children undergoing surgery for congenital heart disease were evaluated for associations between free Hb and haptoglobin and clinical outcomes, physiologic metrics, and biomarkers of inflammation

RESULTS

Higher perioperative free Hb levels (and lower haptoglobin levels) were associated with mortality, nosocomial infection, thrombosis, hours of intubation and inotropes, increased interleukin‐6, peak serum lactate levels, and lower nadir mean arterial pressures. The median free Hb in patients without infection (30 mg/dL; 29 interquartile range [IQR], 24‐52 mg/dL) was lower than in those who became infected (39 mg/dL; IQR, 33‐88 mg/ 31 dL; p = 0.0046). The median mechanical ventilation requirements were 19 (IQR, 7‐72) hours in patients with higher levels of haptoglobin versus 48 (IQR, 18‐144) hours in patients with lower levels (p = 0.0047). Transfusion dose, bypass duration, and complexity of surgery were all significantly correlated with Hb levels and haptoglobin levels. Multivariate analyses demonstrated that these variables were independently and significantly associated with outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS

Elevated pre‐ and postoperative levels of free Hb and decreased levels of haptoglobin were associated with adverse clinical outcomes, inflammation, and unfavorable physiologic metrics. Transfusion, RACHS score, and duration of bypass were associated with increased free Hb and decreased haptoglobin. Further investigation of the role of hemolysis and haptoglobin as potential mediators or markers of outcomes is warranted.
Cold storage of platelets in platelet additive solution: an in vitro comparison of two Food and Drug Administration–approved collection and storage systems
Authors: Reddoch‐Cardenas Kristin M. , Montgomery Robbie K. , Lafleur Crystal B. , Peltier Grantham C. , Bynum James A. , Cap Andrew P.
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUND

Refrigeration of platelets (PLTs) in a PLT additive solution (PAS) reduces PLT activation compared to storage in plasma and preserves function for at least 15 days. Currently only two PASs are licensed by the Food and Drug Administration, each for use with only one apheresis platform. In this study, we compared the metabolic, functional, and activation status of PLTs collected on a Trima apheresis collection system and stored refrigerated in Isoplate (ISO) PAS to PLTs collected on an Amicus collection system and stored refrigerated in Intersol (INT) PAS.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS

Apheresis PLTs (n = 4‐7 donors) were collected on a Trima in ISO PAS or on an Amicus in INT PAS. PLTs were stored in a walk‐in refrigerator (1‐6°C) without agitation for long‐term storage. Bags were assayed at Days 1, 5, 10, and 15 of storage. Measurements included PLT counts, pH, aggregation response, rotational thromboelastometry, and activation markers.

RESULTS

Cold‐stored Trima‐collected PLTs in ISO were slightly more hemostatic than Amicus‐collected PLTs in INT and displayed better adhesion to collagen under flow conditions. Amicus‐collected PLTs in INT showed increased microaggregate formation on Days 5 and 10 and a significant decrease in PLT count over storage. Trima‐collected PLTs in ISO displayed better clot strength than Amicus‐collected PLTs in INT.

CONCLUSION

Compared to cold‐stored Amicus PLTs in INT, Trima PLTs in ISO display superior in vitro function and may be better suited for treatment of bleeding patients. Clinical studies are warranted to confirm these findings.
Evaluation of 5 methods for diagnosing failure of passive transfer in 160 Holstein calves
Authors: Zakian Amir , Nouri Mohammad , Rasooli Aria , Ghorbanpour Masoud , Constable Peter D. , Mohammad‐Sadegh Majid
Published: March 2018

Background

Inadequate absorption of colostral IgG1is termed failure of transfer of passive immunity (FTPI). Dairy calves withFTPIhave increased mortality and morbidity in their first 6 months of life.

Objectives

This study compared the clinical performance of 5 methods for diagnosingFTPIin Holstein calves.

Methods

An observational study was performed using 160 Holstein heifer calves. Serum was harvested at 48 hours of age, andFTPIwas assessed using a digital Brix refractometer for total solids measurements, and digital refractometry and the biuret method to measure serum total protein (STP) concentrations. Serum gamma‐glutamyltransferase activity was measured with an automated analyzer, and serum IgG was measured with the zinc sulfate turbidity test and an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Diagnostic test performance was compared with that of the reference method (FTPIdefined as a serum total IgG concentration <10 g/L). Test performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, the sensitivity, the specificity, and the positive likelihood ratio at the optimal test cut point, and by calculating the kappa coefficient.

Results

A serum digital Brix percentage of <7.8% and anSTPconcentration of <52 g/L measured using digital refractometry were the best methods to identify calves withFTPI. TheSTPconcentration measured with digital refractometry was 0.1 g/L lower than that measured with the biuret method.

Conclusions

The digital Brix refractometer and the digital refractometer provide accurate and clinically useful methods for identifying dairy calves withFTPI. In this study, the excellent performance of the Brix refractometer was likely due to the use of a fixed sample volume (200 μL) and a uniform sample temperature at the time of measurement.
Postoperative survival and early complications after intracranial surgery in dogs
Authors: Forward Alexander K. , Volk Holger A. , De Decker Steven
Published: March 2018

Objective

To describe survival and early postoperative outcome after intracranial surgery in dogs.

Study design

Retrospective case series.

Animals

Fifty client‐owned dogs that underwent intracranial surgery.

Methods

Records were searched and analyzed for dogs that underwent intracranial surgery between 2005 and 2015. Signalment, clinical presentation, neurological deficits, concurrent medical conditions, laboratory data, diagnosis, administration of perioperative glucocorticoids or antiepileptic drugs, and specific imaging, surgical, and anesthetic variables were recorded. Risk factors for survival, occurrence of postoperative complications, and hospitalization times were identified with univariate linear and logistic regression, followed by multivariable regression models.

Results

All dogs were recovered with a specific protocol in an intensive care unit. Forty‐nine of 50 (98%) dogs survived the immediate postoperative period, and 46 of 50 (92%) survived to discharge. Early postoperative neurological deterioration was seen in 45% (22/49) of dogs, and a postoperative complication was diagnosed in 23 of 49 (47%). Nonneurological postoperative complications were seen in 9 of 49 (18%) dogs; the most common consisted of aspiration pneumonia (6/49, 12%). Among variables associated with outcomes, higher postoperative natremia (P = .023) and prolonged hospitalization (P = .024) were associated with the occurrence of postoperative, nonneurological complications.

Conclusion

The short‐term survival rate of this population was excellent. About half of the dogs experienced neurologic deterioration and postoperative complications, and most resolved with treatment.

Clinical significance

In our clinical setting, intracranial surgery in dogs was associated with a high rate of survival and a low rate of severe postoperative complications.