bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MiR‐15a/16‐1 deficiency induces IL‐10‐producing CD19+ TIM‐1+ cells in tumor microenvironment
Authors: Jia Xiaoqin , Liu Hao , Xu Chong , Han Sen , Shen Yating , Miao Xin , Hu Xiangyu , Lin Zhijie , Qian Li , Wang Zhengbing , Gong Weijuan
Published: November 2018

IL‐10‐producing B cells (B10) are associated with autoimmune diseases, infection and tumours. MiR‐15a/16 as a tumour‐suppressive gene is down‐regulated in several tumours, such as chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, pituitary adenomas and prostate carcinoma. Here, increased frequency of IL‐10‐producing CD19+ Tim‐1+ cells was seen in both aged miR‐15a/16−/− mice (15‐18 months) with the onset of B cell leukaemia and young knockout mice (8‐12 weeks) transplanted with hepatic cancer cells. CD19+ Tim‐1+ cells down‐regulated the function of effector CD4+CD25low T cells ex vivo dependent on IL‐10 production, and adoptive transfer of CD19+ Tim‐1+ cells promoted tumour growth in mice. IL‐10 production by CD19+ Tim‐1+ cells was involved with the STAT3 activation. Bioinformatics analysis shows that miR‐16 targets the 3′‐untranslating region (3′‐UTR) of STAT3 mRNA. Overexpression of miR‐16 in CD19+ Tim‐1+ cells inhibited STAT3 transcription and its protein expression. Thus, the loss of miR‐15a/16 promoted induction of regulatory CD19+ Tim‐1+ cells in tumour microenvironment. These results confirmed that miR‐15a/16 could be used in tumour therapy due to its inhibition of tumour and regulatory B cells.
Evaluation of serum exosomal LncRNA‐based biomarker panel for diagnosis and recurrence prediction of bladder cancer
Authors: Zhang Shujun , Du Lutao , Wang Lishui , Jiang Xiumei , Zhan Yao , Li Juan , Yan Keqiang , Duan Weili , Zhao Yinghui , Wang Lili , Wang Yunshan , Shi Yuliang , Wang Chuanxin
Published: November 2018

Exosomes are small membrane vesicles released by many cells. These vesicles can mediate cellular communications by transmitting active molecules including long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs). In this study, our aim was to identify a panel of lncRNAs in serum exosomes for the diagnosis and recurrence prediction of bladder cancer (BC). The expressions of 11 candidate lncRNAs in exosome were investigated in training set (n = 200) and an independent validation set (n = 320) via quantitative real‐time PCR. A three‐lncRNA panel (PCAT‐1, UBC1 and SNHG16) was finally identified by multivariate logistic regression model to provide high diagnostic accuracy for BC with an area under the receiver‐operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.857 and 0.826 in training set and validation set, respectively, which was significantly higher than that of urine cytology. The corresponding AUCs of this panel for patients with Ta, T1 and T2‐T4 were 0.760, 0.827 and 0.878, respectively. In addition, Kaplan‐Meier analysis showed that non‐muscle‐invasive BC (NMIBC) patients with high UBC1 expression had significantly lower recurrence‐free survival (P = 0.01). Multivariate Cox analysis demonstrated that UBC1 was independently associated with tumour recurrence of NMIBC (P = 0.018). Our study suggested that lncRNAs in serum exosomes may serve as considerable diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of BC.
Global distribution and invasion pattern of oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Zeng Yiying , Reddy Gadi V. P. , Li Zhihong , Qin Yujia , Wang Yannan , Pan Xubin , Jiang Fan , Gao Feng , Zhao Zi‐Hua
Published: November 2018

Since the start of the 20th century, many invasive alien species (IAS) have spread rapidly around the world, causing serious threats to economies, societies and the environment. Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is an important quarantine insect species in many countries that spread around the world over the last century. This review collected information on the distribution of B. dorsalis to explore the patterns of its invasion expansion. We found B. dorsalis to be distributed in 75 countries (comprised of 124 geographical distribution regions: provinces or states) in Asia, Africa, North America, South America and Oceania up to 2017. Asia and Africa were the most represented regions, accounting for 86.3% of the total number of countries. From 1910 to 1990, B. dorsalis was only found in five countries, but in the last three decades, it has experienced a sharp increase in its rate of spread, invading 70 more countries. Global temperature anomaly has significantly positive correlation with the spread of B. dorsalis. The results of this review provide a theoretical basis for understanding and predicting the continued spread of B. dorsalis under global changes.
Retracted: Antibiotic resistance properties and genotypic characterization of enterotoxins in the Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from traditional sweets
Authors: Mahmoodi Sadr Mohammadreza , Shakerian Amir , Rahimi Ebrahim , Momtaz Hasan
Published: November 2018

Resistant and enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus are considered to be one of the major causes of foodborne diseases. The present investigation was done to study the pattern of antibiotic resistance and enterotoxigenic genes profile among the S. aureus strains isolated from traditional sweets. Two‐hundred sweet samples were cultured and S. aureus strains were identified. Antibiotic resistance and enterotoxigenic gene profile were studied using disk diffusion and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), respectively. Seventy‐nine out of 200 (39.50%) traditional sweet samples harbored S. aureus. Baghlava (79.16%) and Ghotab (73.10%) had the highest prevalence of S. aureus. S. aureus strains harbored the highest prevalence of resistance against penicillin (87.34%), tetracycline (84.81%), and erythromycin (65.82%). Distribution of sea, seb, sec, and sed were 5.06, 1.26, 8.86, and 1.26%, respectively. Presence of resistant and enterotoxigenic S. aureus showed an important public health issue. However, further researches are required to found additional epidemiological aspects of the bacteria.

Practical applications

Due to the high‐consumption rate of traditional sweet, they should have a high microbial quality. Staphylococcus aureus is common foodborne bacteria with an emergence of antibiotic resistance and enterotoxin production. This study emphasizes the importance of multidrug resistant enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus in traditional sweet samples. Results represented that traditional sweet samples may act as a reservoir of S. aureus with ability to transfer antibiotic resistance and enterotoxin genes to human population.
Bacterial leakage and marginal adaptation of various bioceramics as apical plug in open apex model
Authors: Lertmalapong Patcharachol , Jantarat Jeeraphat , Srisatjaluk Ratchapin L. , Komoltri Chulaluk
Published: November 2018

Aim

The aim of the present study was to investigate bacterial leakage and marginal adaptation of bioceramic apical plugs.

Methods

Extracted human mandibular premolars were prepared to simulate open apex using No. 4 Peeso reamer in retrograde direction. In total, 150 specimens were divided into 10 groups by obturation with five bioceramics in two thicknesses. Groups 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 were obturated with ProRootMTA, Biodentine, TotalFill BC RRM paste, TotalFill BC RRM putty, and RetroMTA at 3 mm, and groups 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 were obturated with the same materials at 4 mm. Ten specimens in each group were evaluated for bacterial leakage of Enterococcus faecalis for 75 days. Five specimens from each group were sectioned to investigate the gap area under scanning electron microscope.

Results

The 3‐ and 4‐mm Biodentine and TotalFill BC RRM putty groups and the 4‐mm ProRootMTA group exhibited less bacterial leakage and lower mean percentage of gap area than those of the other groups. TotalFill BC RRM paste showed the highest leakage for both the 3‐ and 4‐mm groups.

Conclusion

The 3‐ and 4‐mm Biodentine and TotalFill BC RRM putty groups and the 4‐mm ProRootMTA group exhibited the best sealing ability and marginal adaptation of apical plugs.
Social–emotional processing in nonverbal individuals with Angelman syndrome: evidence from brain responses to known and novel names
Authors: Key A. P. , Jones D.
Published: November 2018

Background

The combination of intellectual, communicative and motor deficits limits the use of standardised behavioural assessments in individuals with Angelman syndrome (AS). The current study aimed to objectively evaluate the extent of social–emotional processing in AS using auditory event‐related potentials (ERPs) during passive exposure to spoken stimuli.

Methods

Auditory ERP responses were recorded in 13 nonverbal individuals with the deletion subtype of AS, age 4–45 years, during the name recognition paradigm, in which their own names and names of close others (relative or friend) were presented among novel names. No behavioural responses were required.

Results

Contrary to findings in typical children and adults, there was no significant evidence of differential neural response to known vs. novel names in participants with AS. Nevertheless, greater amplitude differences between known and unknown names demonstrated the predicted association with better interpersonal relationships and receptive communication abilities.

Conclusions

These findings indicate good tolerability of ERP procedures (85% success rate). The lack of own name differentiation is consistent with increased incidence of the autism‐related symptoms in AS. Strong associations between the caregiver reports of adaptive functioning and neural indices of known name recognition support the utility of brain‐based measures for objectively evaluating cognitive and affective processes in nonverbal persons with neurodevelopmental disorders.
Contemplative Practices and Mindfulness in the Interior Design Studio Classroom
Authors: Christian Cotter
Published: November 2018

Contemplative practices, such as mindfulness, have gained popularity across a variety of secular contexts by mitigating the distractions of everyday life, reducing negative reactivity, and cultivating a more thoughtful awareness of one's present experience. In addition, these practices may foster a heightened sense of empathy, feelings of interconnectedness, and a reduction in assumptions. Evidence supports that mindfulness practices in higher education can reduce stress while increasing focus and creativity; however, the connections with design are less established. The general lack of clarity in defining mindfulness and contemplative practices makes their assessment difficult. This project assessed the value of mindfulness and contemplative practices in an interior design studio. In an upper–level, undergraduate interior design studio class, students participated in a range of contemplative practices while simultaneously designing an inpatient hospice facility that required the incorporation of contemplative spaces for patients, visitors, and staff. By first engaging with practices in class, it was anticipated that students would see their positive value by also incorporating contemplative practices into their personal lives. During the semester, surveys assessed the students’ reaction to the various practices, and their results demonstrated that, not only did the students respond favorably to the practices, but a significant number of respondents indicated that they would like more opportunity to engage with contemplative practices in the university setting. These general results point to a positive experience with contemplative practices in an interior design studio class and open up new opportunities to consider how these practices may benefit the field at large.
Interaction between PLA2R1 and HLA‐DQA1 variants contributes to the increased genetic susceptibility to membranous nephropathy in Western China
Authors: Wang Wei , Fan Shulei , Li Guisen , Wang Amanda Y , Hong Daqing , Zhong Xiang , Wang Li
Published: November 2018

Aim

Recent studies showed that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) within the phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R1) and human leukocyte antigen complex class II HLA‐DQα‐chain 1 (HLA‐DQA1) genes were associated with the susceptibility to patients with primary membranous nephropathy (PMN). However, the results of previous research have not been always consistent.

Methods

We performed a case–control study including 314 patients with PMN and 354 healthy subjects in Western China. Eight SNP in PLA2R1 and one SNP in HLA ‐DQA1 were genotyped and association between PLA2R1 and HLA‐DQA1 was investigated. One hundred and twenty patients were detected anti‐PLA2R antibodies to analyze the association between genotype and anti‐PLA2R antibody.

Results

We found A allele of rs2715918 (odds ratio (OR) = 1.66, corrected P values (Pc) = 7.9 × 10−3), A allele of rs4665143 (OR = 1.76, Pc = 2.7 × 10−6) and A allele of rs2187668 (OR = 3.29, Pc = 8.0 × 10−11) were associated with PMN. Susceptibility of PMN was significantly increased with rs2715918 in dominant model (OR = 1.624, Pc = 5.0 × 10−2), rs4665143 in recessive model (OR = 2.134, Pc = 1.4 × 10−4) and rs2187668 in dominant model (OR = 3.961, Pc = 4.1 × 10−11). The haplotype ATAC of rs2715918, rs6757188, rs4665143, rs3749119 was associated with the high risk of PMN (OR = 1.453, P = 3.0 × 10−4). Interaction of rs2715918 GA/AA, rs4665143 GA/AA and rs2187668 GA/AA could significantly increase the 10.61‐fold higher risk for the development of PMN (OR = 10.61, P = 4.0 × 10−10). Patients who carried with risk genotypes for both HLA‐DQA1 and PLA2R1 (87.8%) had antibodies positivity. However, patients who carried low‐risk genotypes (41.6%) had antibodies positivity (P = 0.001).

Conclusion

There are some differences in PLA2R1 distributions in PMN patients between previous literature and our study. Our results showed that interactions between PLA2R1 and HLA‐DQA1 alleles increased genetic susceptibility to PMN in Western China.
On the Real Effect of Financial Pressure: Evidence From Firm‐Level Employment During the Euro‐Area Crisis
Authors: Fernandes Filipa Da Silva , Kontonikas Alexandros , Tsoukas Serafeim
Published: November 2018

Using a large panel of mainly unquoted euro‐area firms over the period 2003–2011, this paper examines the impact of financial pressure on firms’ employment. The analysis finds evidence that financial pressure negatively affects firms’ employment decisions. This effect is stronger during the euro area‐crisis (2010–2011), especially for firms in the periphery compared to their counterparts in non‐periphery European economies. When we introduce firm‐level heterogeneity, we show that financial pressure appears to be both statistically and quantitatively more important for bank‐dependent, small and privately held firms operating in periphery economies during the crisis.
The role of mindfulness in physical activity: a systematic review
Authors: Schneider J. , Malinowski P. , Watson P. M. , Lattimore P.
Published: November 2018

Despite continued public health campaigns to promote physical activity, a majority of the population is inactive. In recent years, mindfulness‐based approaches have been used in health and lifestyle interventions for physical activity promotion. We conducted a systematic literature review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines to investigate the evidence for the potential of mindfulness‐based approaches for physical activity. We searched electronic databases for papers that met eligibility criteria and identified 40 studies for inclusion. Evidence from cross‐sectional studies (n = 20) indicated a positive relationship between dispositional mindfulness and physical activity, particularly with psychological factors related to physical activity. Five studies found that the mindfulness–physical activity relationship was mediated by stress, psychological flexibility, negative affect and shame, satisfaction and state mindfulness. Evidence from mindfulness‐based interventions (n = 20) suggested positive between‐subjects effects on physical activity, but interventions varied in duration, session length, group size, delivery, content and follow‐up. Mindfulness‐based interventions were more likely to be successful if they were physical activity‐specific and targeted psychological factors related to physical activity. The body of research shows a need for more methodologically rigorous studies to establish the effect of mindfulness on physical activity and to identify potential mechanisms involved in the mindfulness–physical activity relationship reliably.
Brief tools to measure obesity‐related behaviours in children under 5 years of age: A systematic review
Authors: Byrne Rebecca , Bell Lucy , Taylor Rachael W. , Mauch Chelsea , Mihrshahi Seema , Zarnowiecki Dorota , Hesketh Kylie D. , Wen Li Ming , Trost Stewart G. , Golley Rebecca
Published: November 2018

Introduction

Valid and reliable tools for measuring obesity‐related behaviours in young children that are brief and can be administered quickly and cost‐effectively in large‐scale population studies are needed. The objectives of this systematic review were to describe brief tools that measure dietary intake, physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep in young children.

Methods

A systematic review of studies published in English in six databases (CINAHL, Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, HaPI, and Cochrane) prior to April 2018 was undertaken using the PROSPERO protocol and PRISMA guidelines. Included studies were those reporting the psychometric properties of brief (≤15 items) tools that measure dietary, activity, or sleep‐related behaviours, alone or in combination, in children birth to 4.9 years of age.

Results

The search identified 11 379 papers, 200 full‐text articles were screened for eligibility, and 12 met the inclusion criteria. Three studies measured two behavioural domains, while most assessed a single behaviour (three diet, five physical activity, one sleep, and none sedentary behaviour). Only two (one diet, one sleep) focused on the under 2 age group. Few studies assessed reliability, and validity and findings were mixed.

Conclusions

There is a need to develop brief tools to measure early life obesity‐related behaviours, particularly those assessing sedentary behaviour and sleep and tools that cover multiple domains.
Novel loci and a role for nitric oxide for seed dormancy and preharvest sprouting in barley
Authors: Nagel Manuela , Alqudah Ahmad M. , Bailly Marlène , Rajjou Loïc , Pistrick Sibylle , Matzig Gabriele , Börner Andreas , Kranner Ilse
Published: November 2018

Barley is used for food and feed, and brewing. Nondormant seeds are required for malting, but the lack of dormancy can lead to preharvest sprouting (PHS), which is also undesired. Here, we report several new loci that modulate barley seed dormancy and PHS. Using genome‐wide association mapping of 184 spring barley genotypes, we identified four new, highly significant associations on chromosomes 1H, 3H, and 5H previously not associated with barley seed dormancy or PHS. A total of 71 responsible genes were found mostly related to flowering time and hormone signalling. A homolog of the well‐known Arabidopsis Delay of Germination 1 (DOG1) gene was annotated on the barley chromosome 3H. Unexpectedly, DOG1 appears to play only a minor role in barley seed dormancy. However, the gibberellin oxidase gene HvGA20ox1 contributed to dormancy alleviation, and another seven important loci changed significantly during after‐ripening. Furthermore, nitric oxide release correlated negatively with dormancy and shared 27 associations. Origin and growth environment affected seed dormancy and PHS more than did agronomic traits. Days to anthesis and maturity were shorter when seeds were produced under drier conditions, seeds were less dormant, and PHS increased, with a heritability of 0.57–0.80. The results are expected to be useful for crop improvement.
Using the Omaha System to determine health problems of urban Syrian immigrants
Authors: Ardic Aysun , Esin Melek Nihal , Koc Serife , Bayraktar Bilgenur , Sunal Nihal
Published: November 2018

Objective(s)

This study assessed the health problems of Syrian immigrants living in urban areas using the Omaha System.

Design

A descriptive and observational study was conducted in Istanbul.

Sample

The sample included 51 Syrian immigrant families and 248 Syrian refugees.

Measures

Data were collected using the Omaha System‐Problem Classification List and a sociodemographic questionnaire.

Results

The average household size was 6.36; 71% of those over the age of 18 were not employed. Only 8.5% of children aged 0–15 were vaccinated; 15 nursing problems and 46 signs and symptoms were diagnosed using the Problem Classification List scale. Personal care was the most frequently diagnosed problem, followed by Sanitation, Communication with community resources, Mental health, and Residence.

Conclusions

Health and social problems are common Syrian immigrants living in urban areas. The Omaha System‐Problem Classification List can be used as a tool by public health nurses to identify health problems encountered by immigrants.
Prevalence and correlates of depression among older urban community‐dwelling adults in Sri Lanka
Authors: Rajapakshe Onali B.W. , Sivayogan Sivagurunadan , Kulatunga Prasadi M.
Published: November 2018

Aim

As the population ages, mental health issues among the elderly are becoming a major concern worldwide, including in Sri Lanka. With rapid globalization, the coping and adapting skills of elderly individuals are tested, potentially revealing predisposition to psychological disturbances. Previous studies have indicated a higher risk of depression among the elderly. The current study attempts to quantify the prevalence and associated factors of depression in a highly urbanized setting within Sri Lanka.

Methods

A community‐based, cross‐sectional analytical study was carried out in the urban areas of Colombo District. The subjects were young elders (60–74 years) who permanently reside in the area. Depression was assessed by the item Geriatric Depression Scale Sinhalese version (cut‐off score ≥8) among 1283 subjects. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association of depression with sociodemographic and health‐related variables.

Results

The prevalence of depression in the sample was 13.9% (mild depression: 11.2%; moderate to severe depression: 2.7%). Among the sociodemographic predictors, female sex (odds ratio (OR) = 10.60), being 60–64 years old (OR = 1.61), being unmarried, separated, divorced, or widowed (OR = 3.73), income ≤20 000 Sri Lankan rupees (OR = 2.27), and perceived financial burden (OR = 3.15) were significantly associated with clinically significant depression. Among the health‐related variables, smoking (OR = 2.18), alcohol use (OR = 7.58), presence of chronic disease (OR = 1.51), limitation in performing one or more instrumental activities of daily living (OR = 1.73), unsatisfactory partner relationship (OR = 2.94), perceived inadequate social support (OR = 2.47), experiencing abuse (OR = 3.90), and experiencing major life events (OR = 2.11) were significantly related with depression.

Conclusion

Depression is an important issue among the elderly living in an urbanized environment in Sri Lanka.
Non‐invasive ventilation: Essential requirements and clinical skills for successful practice
Authors: Elliott Mark W.
Published: November 2018

Audits and case reviews of the acute delivery of non‐invasive ventilation (NIV) have shown that the results achieved in real life often fall short of those achieved in research trials. Factors include inappropriate selection of patients for NIV and failure to apply NIV correctly. This highlights the need for proper training of all involved individuals. This article addresses the different skills needed in a team to provide an effective NIV service. Some detail is given in each of the key areas but it is not comprehensive and should stimulate further learning (reading, attendance on courses, e‐learning, etc.), determined by the needs of the individual.
Iranian Jewish Aliyah in 1951: An Historical Analysis of Iranian Jewish Emigration to Israel
Authors: Cecolin Alessandra
Published: November 2018

Before arriving in Israel in the 1950s, Iranian Jews were exposed to a process of selection that created socio‐cultural divisions among its members. Zionist visions clashed with the socio‐political conditions of both Iranian Jews and Israeli emissaries. This had already started in Iran with the organization of the Iranian Jews' emigration in the 1950s. This article analyzes how political, cultural, and socio‐economic factors profoundly affected the emigration of Iranian Jews to Israel in this period.
Variable, but not free‐weight, resistance back squat exercise potentiates jump performance following a comprehensive task‐specific warm‐up
Authors: Mina Minas A. , Blazevich Anthony J. , Tsatalas Themistoklis , Giakas Giannis , Seitz Laurent B. , Kay Anthony D.
Published: November 2018

Studies examining acute, high‐speed movement performance enhancement following intense muscular contractions (frequently called “post‐activation potentiation”; PAP) often impose a limited warm‐up, compromizing external validity. In the present study, the effects on countermovement vertical jump (CMJ) performance of back squat exercises performed with or without elastic bands during warm‐up were compared. After familiarization, fifteen active men visited the laboratory on two occasions under randomized, counterbalanced experimental squat warm‐up conditions: (a) free‐weight resistance (FWR) and (b) variable resistance (VR). After completing a comprehensive task‐specific warm‐up, three maximal CMJs were performed followed by three back squat repetitions completed at 85% of 1‐RM using either FWR or VR Three CMJs were then performed 30 seconds, 4 minutes, 8 minutes, and 12 minutes later. During CMJ trials, hip, knee, and ankle joint kinematics, ground reaction force data and vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, and gluteus maximus electromyograms (EMG) were recorded simultaneously using 3D motion analysis, force platform, and EMG techniques, respectively. No change in any variable occurred after FWR (P > 0.05). Significant increases (P < 0.05) were detected at all time points following VR in CMJ height (5.3%‐6.5%), peak power (4.4%‐5.9%), rate of force development (12.9%‐19.1%), peak concentric knee angular velocity (3.1%‐4.1%), and mean concentric vastus lateralis EMG activity (27.5%‐33.4%). The lack of effect of the free‐weight conditioning contractions suggests that the comprehensive task‐specific warm‐up routine mitigated any further performance augmentation. However, the improved CMJ performance following the use of elastic bands is indicative that specific alterations in force‐time properties of warm‐up exercises may further improve performance.
Donor‐type fresh frozen plasma is effective in preventing hemolytic reaction in major ABO incompatible allogeneic stem cell transplant
Authors: Quek Jeffrey , Lee Jing Jing , Lim Francesca Lorraine , Diong Colin , Goh Yeow Tee , Gopalakrishnan Sathish , Ho Aloysius , Hwang William , Koh Mickey , Loh Yvonne , Linn Yeh Ching
Published: November 2018

BACKGROUND

Hemolysis at the time of graft infusion is one of the immediate complications in major ABO‐incompatible allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplants (HSCTs). We conducted a retrospective analysis to evaluate the efficacy of donor‐type fresh frozen plasma (FFP) in reducing isohemagglutinin titer and preventing hemolysis, as well as its effect on delayed red cell engraftment.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

This is a single‐center study on a series of 380 allogeneic HSCT between 2005 and 2015; of which 99 were either major (n = 74) or bidirectional (n = 25) ABO mismatched. Pre‐transplant infusion of FFP, post‐transplant complications and transfusion requirements were determined by retrospective review of individual medical records. Laboratory results were also reviewed for evidence of hemolysis and pure red cell aplasia (PRCA).

RESULTS

Clinical manifestation of hemolysis attributable to ABO mismatch was present in one recipient of major ABO‐incompatible peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) with a titer of 64. Another recipient of major ABO‐incompatible PBSC with a titer of 64 showed biochemical evidence of hemolysis. Both patients recovered with supportive treatment. Hemolysis did not occur in any patients with titer of 32 or less at the time of stem cell infusion. We were unable to demonstrate the influence of any variables on the incidence of PRCA.

CONCLUSION

Our experience demonstrated that donor‐type FFP is safe and effective in preventing acute hemolysis in major ABO‐mismatched HSCT. We have also established the titer of 64 as the threshold that may cause hemolysis and therefore efforts should be made to reduce titer to below this level.
A motivic version of the theorem of Fontaine and Wintenberger
Authors: Vezzani Alberto
Published: November 2018

We establish a tilting equivalence for rational, homotopy-invariant cohomology theories defined over non-archimedean analytic varieties. More precisely, we prove an equivalence between the categories of motives of rigid analytic varieties over a perfectoid field$K$of mixed characteristic and over the associated (tilted) perfectoid field$K^{\flat }$of equal characteristic. This can be considered as a motivic generalization of a theorem of Fontaine and Wintenberger, claiming that the Galois groups of$K$and$K^{\flat }$are isomorphic.
Spins of prime ideals and the negative Pell equation
Authors: Koymans P. , Milovic D. Z.
Published: November 2018

Let$p\equiv 1\hspace{0.2em}{\rm mod}\hspace{0.2em}4$be a prime number. We use a number field variant of Vinogradov’s method to prove density results about the following four arithmetic invariants: (i) $16$-rank of the class group$\text{Cl}(-4p)$of the imaginary quadratic number field$\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{-4p})$; (ii) $8$-rank of the ordinary class group$\text{Cl}(8p)$of the real quadratic field$\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{8p})$; (iii) the solvability of the negative Pell equation$x^{2}-2py^{2}=-1$over the integers; (iv) $2$-part of the Tate–Šafarevič group$\unicode[STIX]{x0428}(E_{p})$of the congruent number elliptic curve$E_{p}:y^{2}=x^{3}-p^{2}x$. Our results are conditional on a standard conjecture about short character sums.
The homotopy theory of polyhedral products associated with flag complexes
Authors: Panov Taras , Theriault Stephen
Published: November 2018

If$K$is a simplicial complex on$m$vertices, the flagification of$K$is the minimal flag complex$K^{f}$on the same vertex set that contains$K$. Letting$L$be the set of vertices, there is a sequence of simplicial inclusions$L\stackrel{}{\longrightarrow }K\stackrel{}{\longrightarrow }K^{f}$. This induces a sequence of maps of polyhedral products$(\text{}\underline{X},\text{}\underline{A})^{L}\stackrel{g}{\longrightarrow }(\text{}\underline{X},\text{}\underline{A})^{K}\stackrel{f}{\longrightarrow }(\text{}\underline{X},\text{}\underline{A})^{K^{f}}$. We show that$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FA}f$and$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FA}f\circ \unicode[STIX]{x1D6FA}g$have right homotopy inverses and draw consequences. For a flag complex$K$the polyhedral product of the form$(\text{}\underline{CY},\text{}\underline{Y})^{K}$is a co-$H$-space if and only if the 1-skeleton of$K$is a chordal graph, and we deduce that the maps$f$and$f\circ g$have right homotopy inverses in this case.
Evidence of high 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of the dorsocervical area in young adults
Authors: Martinez‐Tellez Borja , Sanchez‐Delgado Guillermo , Alcantara Juan M. A. , Acosta Francisco M. , Amaro‐Gahete Francisco J. , Osuna‐Prieto Francisco J. , Perez‐Bey Alejandro , Jimenez‐Pavon David , Llamas‐Elvira Jose M. , Gil Angel , Aguilera Concepcion M. , Rensen Patrick C. N. , Ruiz Jonatan R.
Published: November 2018

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?

In some studies, biopsies have been performed of the subcutaneous adipose tissue in the abdomen, and they failed to find browning markers. Is the abdomen the right place to take biopsies?

What is the main finding and its importance?

For first time, we observed that the glucose uptake in the dorsocervical subcutaneous adipose tissue is higher in comparison to other areas of subcutaneous adipose tissue.

Neonates have subcutaneous brown adipose tissue (BAT) in the dorsocervical area, and it is thought that these depots gradually disappear with age. Here, we determined that young adults have high 18F‐flurodeoxyglucose (18F‐FDG) uptake in the subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) of the dorsocervical area. A total of 133 young adults (age 22 ± 2 years; body mass index 25 ± 5 kg m2) were included in the study. We performed a shivering threshold test for every participant. Later, we performed 2 h of personalized cold exposure, immediately before a positron emission tomography/computed tomography scan. We showed that 23 of 133 participants had 18F‐FDG uptake in the dorsocervical area that achieved the criteria to be considered BAT, mainly in women (96%, n = 22 of 23). In the whole sample, the glucose uptake in the SAT of the dorsocervical area was positively correlated with BAT volume and activity located in the supraclavicular area. We showed that the 18F‐FDG uptake of the SAT of the dorsocervical area in humans is different from that of other SAT areas. Future studies are warranted to confirm the brown signature of this tissue.
Contribution to the knowledge of the oribatid mite genus Leptotocepheus (Acari, Oribatida, Otocepheidae)
Authors: Ermilov Sergey G. , Minor Maria
Published: November 2018

The otocepheid oribatid mite genus Leptotocepheus Balogh, 1961 is recorded in the Australasian region for the first time. The taxonomic status of the genera Leptotocepheus Balogh, 1961 and Longocepheus Balogh & Mahunka,1966 is discussed, resulting in the recognition of Longocepheus as a subgenus (stat. nov.) of Leptotocepheus and the following recombinations: Leptotocepheus (Longocepheus) australis (Balogh & Mahunka, 1966) comb. nov., Leptotocepheus (Longocepheus) globosus (Grobler, 1995) comb. nov., Leptotocepheus (Longocepheus) longus (Balogh, 1961) comb. nov., Leptotocepheus (Longocepheus) youngai (Mahunka, 1984) comb. nov. A new species of Leptotocepheus (Longocepheus) is described from New Zealand, Leptotocepheus (Longocepheus) neozealandicus sp. nov., which differs from other species of the subgenus by the presence of short, slightly developed prodorsal costulae. Revised generic and subgeneric diagnoses, an identification key and distributions for the known taxa of Leptotocepheus are presented.
Eco-optimism in dark times
In Search of the Canary Tree: The Story of a Scientist, a Cypress, and a Changing World
Lauren E. Oakes
Basic Books, 2018. 288 pp.
Authors: Boon Sarah
Published: November 2018

Even as extinction looms for her subjects, an ecologist maintains hope for a better future
Is it time for a universal genetic forensic database?
Authors: Hazel J. W. , Clayton E. W. , Malin B. A. , Slobogin C.
Published: November 2018

Bias and privacy concerns cloud police use of genetics
Tenofovir Exposure during Pregnancy and Postpartum in Women Receiving Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate for the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus
Authors: Cressey Tim R. , Harrison Linda , Achalapong Jullapong , Kanjanavikai Prateep , Patamasingh Na Ayudhaya Orada , Liampongsabuddhi Prateung , Siriwachirachai Thitiporn , Putiyanun Chaiwat , Suriyachai Pornnapa , Tierney Camlin , Salvadori Nicolas , Chinwong Dujrudee , Decker Luc , Tawon Yardpiroon , Murphy Trudy V. , Ngo-Giang-Huong Nicole , Siberry George K. , Jourdain Gonzague ,   for the iTAP Study Team Suraphan Sangsawang Health Promotion Center Region 10 Kanokwan Jittayanun Health Promotion Center Region 10 Wanmanee Matanasarawut Lamphun Hospital Rosalin Somsamai Lamphun Hospital Pornnapa Suriyachai Phayao Provincial Hospital Pannarai Nasomchai Phayao Provincial Hospital Jullapong Achalapong Chiangrai Prachanukroh Hospital Chulapong Chanta Chiangrai Prachanukroh Hospital Chaiwat Putiyanun Chiang Kham Hospital Ratthakhet Ek-isariyaphorn Chiang Kham Hospital Sudanee Buranabanjasate
Published: November 2018

We assessed tenofovir exposure during pregnancy and postpartum in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infected HIV-uninfected women receiving tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HBV. Data from 154 women who received TDF within a randomized controlled trial were included.
Case of drug-induced interstitial lung disease secondary to adalimumab
Authors: Alaee Seema , Jones Quentin
Published: November 2018

In conjunction withBMJ Case Reports, DTBwill feature occasional drug-related cases that are likely to be of interest to readers. These will include cases that involve recently marketed drugs for which there is limited knowledge of adverse effects and cases that highlight unusual reactions to drugs that have been marketed for several years.
Governance as a driver of change in the Canadian boreal zone1
Authors: Fuss Gillian E. , Steenberg James W.N. , Weber Marian L. , Smith M.A. (Peggy) , Creed Irena F.
Published: November 2018

The Canadian boreal forest is primarily public land, owned and managed by provincial governments on behalf of the public interest. Boreal forest governance consists of a complex patchwork of federal and provincial legislation, policies, tenures, and delegated authorities designed to achieve multiple (and often conflicting) social, ecological, and economic objectives. We examine the implications of boreal governance arrangements for sustainable management of ecosystem services. The paper shows how current multi-level governance arrangements that evolved from Canada’s Constitution Act are not effective at managing the cross-scale and cross-sectoral challenges of ecosystem services and have created a crisis of legitimacy for forest decisions. We show how the rise of nonstate arrangements, marketization, and decentralization are partly a response to governance gaps for ecosystem services as well as a reflection of global trends in forest governance. Past trends related to governance themes (the role and scope of government, the level of integration and coordination, Indigenous empowerment, and geopolitical influences) are used to motivate future governance scenarios.
Speed regulation of dual-PMSM system under disturbances by composite sliding mode control
Authors: Liu Xiang , Ji Zhicheng , Wang Yan
Published: November 2018

In industrial manufacturing system, there exists an urgent demand for dual-motor drive system running at the same speed. This paper adopts a parallel structure to design dual-permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) system with a global fast terminal sliding mode control (GFTSMC) technique optimizing speed tracking performance of dual-PMSM servo system. For each PMSM system, a GFTSMC strategy is introduced. Compared with common sliding mode control strategy, this strategy avoids chattering phenomenon in that it does not contain switching terms. Also, it can make the output speed reach the reference value in finite time, along with a shorter convergence time and a better tracking precision. Since external disturbances may cause the speed difference between two motors, a speed synchronization controller is designed to enhance their synchronization by compensating error between speeds of two motors. Considering the complexity of control laws, S-function in MATLAB is adopted to design the GFTSMC. The validity and robustness of the hybrid scheme are verified by MATLAB simulations.
UKFNN-based cutting energy consumption model of numerical control machine tools
Authors: Yuan Jie , Ji Zhicheng , Wang Yan
Published: November 2018

The energy consumption of numerical control (NC) machine tools is mainly from the cutting process. Since the cutting process has multiple characteristics, such as nonlinear, multi-variable and time-varying characteristics, it is difficult to establish an accurate model of the cutting energy consumption by both the static modeling and the traditional mechanism modeling. In this paper, the unscented Kalman filter neural network (UKFNN) is proposed to model the cutting energy consumption of NC machine tools. In the resulting model, the unscented Kalman filter (UKF) is adopted to update weights and thresholds of the neural network in real time, improving the generalization ability and the accuracy of the model. Experimental results show that the proposed method is effective and reliable to model the cutting energy consumption of NC machine tools.
Electrolytic Capacitorless AC/DC LED Driver
Authors: Chang Changyuan , Han Xiong , Wu Menglin , Zhao Dadi , Xu Hongliang
Published: November 2018

This paper presents electrolytic capacitorless AC/DC LED driver. It adopts Boost–Buck topology, through modulation of the conduction time [Formula: see text] and the change of input current reference, to reduce the instantaneous input and output power difference, so a smaller film capacitor can be used instead of the electrolytic capacitor. Therefore, LED driver power life has been effectively improved. The Buck converter operates in the inductor current discontinuous conduction mode to achieve constant output current by controlling the peak current. The control IC is fabricated in TSMC 0.35-[Formula: see text]m 5-V/650-V CMOS/LDMOS process, and verified in a 72-V/150-mA circuit prototype. The test results show that when the range of input voltage is 175–264 Vac, the efficiency of the system is 83%, the voltage linear regulation is [Formula: see text]%, the load regulation is [Formula: see text]%, and the electrolytic capacitor is replaced by 470-nF CBB capacitor under the condition that the power factor is above 0.7. Therefore, the design of the control chip in the LED driver has a very good application prospect.
Programming of Memristive Artificial Synaptic Crossbar Network Using PWM Techniques
Authors: Raj P. Michael Preetam , Subramaniam Arvind , Priya Shashank , Banerjee Souri , Kundu Souvik
Published: November 2018

Memristor resembles an artificial synapse and is considered to be basic electronic element for realizing neuromorphic circuits. In this work, a systematic investigation was conducted on memristor-based resistance-programming circuits to write analog data into a memristor utilizing pulse width modulation techniques. The high-frequency sinusoidal signal was utilized to read the data in the form of its electronic resistance. An optimum circuit configuration demonstrated multilevel stable resistive states, which are analogous to the connection weights in the human synapse. In order to modulate these memristive weights for representing the learning activities in human brain synapse, it was identified that the pulse width modulation technique is superior as compared to spike-timing-dependent plasticity. Further, the above analysis was utilized in training the memristor to update its resistive weights in consonance with its learning, analogous to that in a neural network. Further, the memristive crossbar architecture was utilized to implement a real-time application in Econometrics, where an array of memristors were utilized to learn and update the purchase trends of an [Formula: see text] matrix of customers. The proposed circuits possess the advantages of high packing density, low power consumption and nonvolatility, and also pave the way for developing future neuromorphic circuits.
Random shuffles on trees using extended promotion
Authors: Poznanović Svetlana , Stasikelis Kara
Published: November 2018

The Tsetlin library is a very well-studied model for the way an arrangement of books on a library shelf evolves over time. One of the most interesting properties of this Markov chain is that its spectrum can be computed exactly and that the eigenvalues are linear in the transition probabilities. In this paper, we consider a generalization which can be interpreted as a self-organizing library in which the arrangements of books on each shelf are restricted to be linear extensions of a fixed poset. The moves on the books are given by the extended promotion operators of Ayyer, Klee and Schilling while the shelves, bookcases, etc. evolve according to the move-to-back moves as in the the self-organizing library of Björner. We show that the eigenvalues of the transition matrix of this Markov chain are [Formula: see text] integer combinations of the transition probabilities if the posets that prescribe the restrictions on the book arrangements are rooted forests or more generally, if they consist of ordinal sums of a rooted forest and so called ladders. For some of the results, we show that the monoids generated by the moves are either [Formula: see text]-trivial or, more generally, in [Formula: see text] and then we use the theory of left random walks on the minimal ideal of such monoids to find the eigenvalues. Moreover, in order to give a combinatorial description of the eigenvalues in the more general case, we relate the eigenvalues when the restrictions on the book arrangements change only by allowing for one additional transposition of two fixed books.
SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPIC STUDY OF THE INTERFACE SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
Authors: WANG YANG , SONG CAN-LI , WANG LILI , MA XU-CUN , XUE QI-KUN
Published: November 2018

It has been 30 years since the Nobel Prize was awarded for scanning tunneling microscope (STM) in the year 1986, and there have been many instrumental developments and experimental achievements based on STM. In consideration of the strong capability and the extreme versatility in imaging, manipulating, and spectroscopy at the atomic level, STM has witnessed remarkable breakthroughs in many disciplines of condensed matter physics. In this paper, we will focus on recent STM studies on the interface superconductivity, which demonstrate a novel platform for exploring two dimensional superconductors and even high temperature superconductors by means of interface engineering.
RECENT ADVANCES IN ULTRAFAST TIME-RESOLVED SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPY
Authors: TIAN YE , YANG FAN , GUO CHAOYU , JIANG YING
Published: November 2018

Making smaller and faster functional devices has led to an increasing demand for a microscopic technique that allows the investigation of carrier and phonon dynamics with both high spatial and temporal resolutions. Traditional optical pump–probe methods can achieve femtosecond temporal resolution but fall short in the spatial resolution due to the diffraction limit. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), on the contrary, has realized atomic-scale spatial resolution relying on the high sensitivity of the tunneling current to the tip-sample distance. However, limited by the electronics bandwidth, STM can only push the temporal resolution to the microseconds scale, restricting its applications to probe various ultrafast dynamic processes. The combination of these two methods takes advantages of optical pump–probe techniques and highly localized tunneling currents of STM, providing one viable solution to track atomic-scale ultrafast dynamics in single molecules and low-dimensional materials. In this review, we will focus on several ultrafast time-resolved STM methods by coupling the tunneling junctions with pulsed electric waves, THz, near-infrared and visible laser. Their applications to probe the carrier dynamics, spin dynamics, and molecular motion will be highlighted. In the end, we will present an outlook on the challenges and new opportunities in this field.