bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Overview of Telephony Development in Zagreb (1881-1981)
Authors: Rajič Goran
Published: August 2020

Within a mere hundred years from the appearance of the first telephone in Zagreb in 1881 until the establishment of the first electronic telephone exchange in 1981, telephony in Zagreb went through several formative periods to assert itself. Zagreb was transformed from a provincial town in the Austrian-Hungarian Monarchy to the economic and cultural centre of Croatia. In that period, due to technological development, many changes took place that influenced the accessibility and price of the most popular telecommunications technology in the 20th century. At first a status symbol reserved for the wealthiest citizens, telephone gradually became accessible to all inhabitants of the city. In the decades after World War II, the new telephone infrastructure was constructed under the unfavourable conditions of technological underdevelopment, scarcity of professionals, and meagre financial resources. Nevertheless, despite all the aggravating circumstances, telephony managed to become an inevitable part of Zagreb’s everyday life. Modern telecommunications rest on these very steps that fixed telephony took in its development, and are therefore an indicator of the technological as well as cultural development of Zagreb.
Modernization of Zagreb in the First Half of the 20th Century Through the Prism of Electrification
Authors: Anić Tomislav
Published: August 2020

Based on the current scholarly literature, daily press, and published archival sources, the author has reconstructed the process of modernization of Zagreb through the prism of electrification. After the initial amazement that the public demonstrations of electric power caused, it became an indispensable energy source in everyday use. Ultimately, the amount of its consumption in industry and per capita is an indicator of development in a particular area.
The Life and Decline of a Planned Industrial Town
Authors: Brlić Ivan
Published: August 2020

This paper discusses the emergence, existence, and fate of a planned, systematic town in a passive region of the then Federal People’s Republic of Yugoslavia – later renamed to Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia – in the period after World War II. The author critically assesses the reasons for the creation and construction of a modern town at the locality of ​​Lički Osik in central Lika. The town was entirely dependent on and shared the same fate with the military industrial facility “Marko Orešković”, as it was built to support its production. Economic, social, and cultural ups and downs marked the half-century existence of this town, defining both its uncertain present and its promising future. Based on unpublished archival documents from that period, the author has reconstructed the reasons and modes of existence of the planned military enterprise as well as the associated town, which remains emblematic as an unrealistic and misunderstood economic development project in this part of Croatia.
Demographic Indicators in the Registers of Marriages of the 18th Century Parish of Miholjac
Authors: Božić Bogović Dubravka , Komar Mihaela
Published: August 2020

This paper, using historical demography methods, as well as quantitative, analytical and descriptive methods, determines, analyses and interprets the demographic indicators contained in the registers of marriages of the 18th century Parish of Miholjac. In addition to identifying the corpus of the data contained in the registers of marriages, to be potentially used as indicators of certain demographic facts relating to the past of the population of the 18th century Donji Miholjac and its immediate surroundings, the paper also determines the annual, seasonal, monthly and daily distribution of marriages and examines the level of the impact which social, religious, cultural, and economic factors had on entering into marriage. The assumption that the population of the 18th century Parish of Miholjac did not enter the demographic transition phase, in other words that it exhibits characteristics specific to pre-transitional societies, is verified by determining the age of newlyweds when entering marriage and by analysing remarriages.
A Purposelless Effort
Authors: Bekavac Stjepan , Miškulin Ivica
Published: August 2020

In this paper, the authors analyses the relation of international community (European Community) to minority legislation of Republic of Croatia in 1991-1992. In concrete, establishing beyond dispute and evaluating the reasons why the Yugoslavia Peace Conference or special institution which European Community formed in order to find a peaceful solution of the conflict, pressed Zagreb strongly to make deep changes of minority legislation. Special attention is given to the Conference's fixation on special status or regional political autonomy for the territories of Republic of Croatia with Serbian majority.
Dividend Taxes, Investor Horizon, and Idiosyncratic Volatility
Authors: Li Oliver Zhen , Liu Hang , Ni Chenkai
Published: August 2020

We examine whether dividend tax induced lock-in reduces idiosyncratic volatility. The 2012 Dividend Tax Reform in China tied individual investors' dividend tax to the length of their shareholding period, with short-term individual investors entering into higher tax brackets. We find that high dividend firms experience a reduction in idiosyncratic volatility, relative to low dividend firms, after the reform. The effect is more pronounced when high dividend firms have more retail investors and exhibit greater uncertainty. High dividend firms also experience a reduction in stock price crashes. Finally, with reduced trading by individual investors who are likely less informed, earnings announcements of high dividend firms trigger less trading volume during the event window post-reform, but enable more complete price reactions. We conclude that dividend tax induced lock-in, through discouraging short-term individual investors' trading, stabilizes the market and improves share price informativeness.

JEL Classifications: G12; G14; G35; F38.
Tick Size Tolls: Can a Trading Slowdown Improve Earnings News Discovery?
Authors: Lee Charles M. C. , Watts Edward M.
Published: August 2020

This study examines how an increase in tick size affects algorithmic trading (AT), fundamental information acquisition (FIA), and the price discovery process around earnings announcements (EAs). Leveraging the SEC's randomized Tick Size Pilot experiment, we show that a tick size increase results in a decline in AT and a sharp drop in absolute cumulative abnormal returns and volume around EAs. More importantly, we find increased FIA in the preannouncement period. Specifically, we show: (1) treatment firms' pre-announcement returns better anticipate next quarter's standardized unexpected earnings; (2) these firms experience an increase in EDGAR web traffic prior to EAs; and (3) they exhibit a drop in price synchronicity with index returns. Taken together, our evidence suggests that while an increase in tick size reduces AT and abnormal market reaction after EAs, it also increases FIA activities prior to EAs.

JEL Classifications: M40; M41; G12; G14.
An Observational Study of the Equivalence of Age and Duration of Diabetes to Glycemic Control Relative to the Risk of Complications in the Combined Cohorts of the DCCT/EDIC Study
Authors: Bebu Ionut , Braffett Barbara H. , Schade David , Sivitz William , Malone John I. , Pop-Busui Rodica , Lorenzi Gayle M. , Lee Pearl , Trapani Victoria R. , Wallia Amisha , Herman William H. , Lachin John M.
Published: August 2020

OBJECTIVE

This epidemiological analysis of the pooled Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) cohort describes the equivalence of a 1-percentage point increase in HbA1c (such as from 7% to 8%) and years of additional age or duration of type 1 diabetes (T1D) relative to the risk of complications.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Separate Cox proportional hazards models determined the number of additional years of age and/or duration of T1D that would result in the same increase in risk of microvascular (retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy) and cardiovascular complications and mortality as a 1-percentage point increase in HbA1c.

RESULTS

The risk of any cardiovascular disease associated with a 1-percentage point increase in HbA1c was equivalent to the risk associated with 4.3 (95% CI 2.7–5.9) additional years of age or 5.6 (95% CI 2.7–6.5) additional years’ duration of T1D. The risk of estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and/or end-stage renal disease associated with a 1-percentage point increase in HbA1c was equivalent to the risk associated with 12.1 (95% CI 8.3–15.9) additional years of age or 18.0 (95% CI 4.3–31.7) additional years’ duration of T1D. The proliferative diabetic retinopathy risk associated with a 1-percentage point increase in HbA1c was equivalent to the risk associated with 6.4 (95% CI 5.3–7.4) additional years’ duration of T1D, while for mortality risk, it was equivalent to the risk associated with 12.9 (95% CI 6.6–19.3) additional years of age.

CONCLUSIONS

Our results help evaluate the impact of glycemia on advanced complications in a way that may be more interpretable to health care providers and individuals with T1D.
Health Care Coverage and Glycemic Control in Young Adults With Youth-Onset Type 2 Diabetes: Results From the TODAY2 Study
Authors:   The TODAY Study Group, Weinstock Ruth S. , Braffett Barbara H. , Songer Thomas J. , Herman William H. , Kuo Shihchen , Gubitosi-Klug Rose A. , Laffel Lori , McKay Siripoom , Siska Maggie , Van Name Michelle , Zeitler Philip S.
Published: August 2020

OBJECTIVE

To examine the relationship between health care coverage and HbA1c in young adults with youth-onset type 2 diabetes who transitioned to community diabetes care after receiving care during the Treatment Options for type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth (TODAY) study.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Participants completed questionnaires annually. HbA1c was measured in a central laboratory. Data from 2 years before and after transitioning to community care (2013–2016) were examined and compared between states with and without expanded Medicaid.

RESULTS

In 2016 (n = 427; mean age 24 years), 2 years after transitioning to community care, 93% of participants in states with Medicaid expansion had health care coverage compared with 68% (P < 0.0001) in states without Medicaid expansion. Mean HbA1c was 9.8% in participants with government coverage, 9.3% with commercial coverage, and 10.1% in those with no coverage (P = 0.0774). Additionally, 32%, 42%, and 66% of those with government coverage, commercially covered, and no coverage, respectively, were not attending outpatient diabetes visits (P < 0.0001). Of those with government coverage, 83% reported they had adequate coverage for insulin syringes/needles/pens, and 89% for glucose-monitoring supplies, with more limited coverage in those with commercial plans. Participants with commercial coverage had higher education attainment (P < 0.0001); 52% had HbA1c ≥9.0% compared with 64% of those who were government covered and 58% with no coverage (P = 0.0646).

CONCLUSIONS

More young adults with type 2 diabetes from the TODAY cohort had health care coverage in states with expanded Medicaid but glycemic control remained poor, regardless of coverage. New therapies and approaches are needed for this vulnerable population.
Continuous Glucose Monitoring and Use of Alternative Markers To Assess Glycemia in Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Zelnick Leila R. , Batacchi Zona O. , Ahmad Iram , Dighe Ashveena , Little Randie R. , Trence Dace L. , Hirsch Irl B. , de Boer Ian H.
Published: August 2020

OBJECTIVE

In chronic kidney disease, glycated albumin and fructosamine have been postulated to be better biomarkers of glycemic control than HbA1c. We evaluated the accuracy, variability, and covariate bias of three biomarkers (HbA1c, glycated albumin, and fructosamine) compared with continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)–derived measurement of glycemia across estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

A prospective cohort study was conducted of 104 participants with type 2 diabetes, 80 with eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (not treated with dialysis) and 24 frequency-matched control subjects with eGFR ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Participants wore a blinded CGM for two 6-day periods separated by 2 weeks, with blood and urine collected at the end of each CGM period. HbA1c, glycated albumin, and fructosamine were measured by high-performance liquid chromatographic, enzymatic, and colorimetric nitroblue tetrazolium methods, respectively.

RESULTS

Within-person biomarker values were strongly correlated between the two CGM periods (r = 0.92–0.95), although no marker fully captured the within-person variability of mean CGM glucose. All markers were similarly correlated with mean CGM glucose (r = 0.71–77). Compared with mean CGM glucose, glycated albumin and fructosamine were significantly biased by age, BMI, serum iron concentration, transferrin saturation, and albuminuria; HbA1c was underestimated in those with albuminuria.

CONCLUSIONS

Glycated albumin and fructosamine were not less variable than HbA1c at a given mean CGM glucose level, with several additional sources of bias. These results support measuring HbA1c to monitor trends in glycemia among patients with eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Direct measurements of glucose are necessary to capture short-term variability.
Has COVID-19 Delayed the Diagnosis and Worsened the Presentation of Type 1 Diabetes in Children?
Authors: Rabbone Ivana , Schiaffini Riccardo , Cherubini Valentino , Maffeis Claudio , Scaramuzza Andrea ,   Diabetes Study Group of the Italian Society for Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Bertelli Enrica , Ferlito Lucia , Bobbio Adriana , Schieven Eleonardo , Delvecchio Maurizio , Maltoni Giulio , Reinstadler Petra , Felappi Barbara , Gallo Francesco , Ripoli Carlo , Pascarella Filomena , Stamati Filomena A. , Lo Presti Donatella , Citriniti Felice , Tumini Stefano , Zampolli Maria , De Marco Rosaria , Cavalli Claudio , De Donno Valeria , Toni Sonia , Coccioli Maria Susanna , d’Annunzio Giuseppe , Valin Paola Sogno , Cirillo Dante , Sordelli Silvia , Lombardo Fortunato , Bonfanti Riccardo , Mameli Chiara , Predieri Barbara , Franzese Adriana , Iafusco Dario , Savastio Silvia , Piredda Gavina , Cardella Francesca , Calcaterra Valeria , Randazzo Emioli , Favia Anna , Suprani Tosca , Lasagni Alessandra , Rapini Novella , Rutigliano Irene , Gaiero Alberto , De Sanctis Luisa , Cauvin Vittoria , Minute Marta , Tornese Gianluca , Franco Francesca , Musolino Gianluca , Marigliano Marco , Innaturato Silvia , Arnaldi Claudia
Published: August 2020

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate whether the diagnosis of pediatric type 1 diabetes or its acute complications changed during the early phase of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Italy.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

This was a cross-sectional, web-based survey of all Italian pediatric diabetes centers to collect diabetes, diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), and COVID-19 data in patients presenting with new-onset or established type 1 diabetes between 20 February and 14 April in 2019 and 2020.

RESULTS

Fifty-three of 68 centers (77.9%) responded. There was a 23% reduction in new diabetes cases in 2020 compared with 2019. Among those newly diagnosed patients who presented in a state of DKA, the proportion with severe DKA was 44.3% in 2020 vs. 36.1% in 2019 (P = 0.03). There were no differences in acute complications. Eight patients with asymptomatic or mild COVID-19 had laboratory-confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.

CONCLUSIONS

The COVID-19 pandemic might have altered diabetes presentation and DKA severity. Preparing for any “second wave” requires strategies to educate and reassure parents about timely emergency department attendance for non–COVID-19 symptoms.
Continuous glucose monitoring and use of alternative markers to assess glycemia in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Zelnick Leila R. , Batacchi Zona O. , Dighe Ashveena , Little Randie R. , Trence Dace L. , Hirsch Irl B. , Boer Ian H. de
Published: August 2020

Objective: In chronic kidney disease (CKD), glycated
albumin and fructosamine have been postulated to be better biomarkers of
glycemic control than HbA1c. We evaluated accuracy, variability, and covariate
bias of three biomarkers (HbA1c, glycated albumin, and fructosamine) compared
with continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)-derived measurement of glycemia across
estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in type 2 diabetes.

Research Design and Methods: Prospective cohort study of 104
participants with type 2 diabetes, 80 with eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73m2
(not treated with dialysis) and 24 frequency-matched controls with eGFR ≥60
mL/min/1.73m2. Participants wore a blinded CGM for 2 six-day periods
separated by two weeks, with blood and urine collected at the end of each CGM period.
HbA1c, glycated albumin and fructosamine were measured by HPLC, enzymatic, and colorimetric
nitroblue tetrozolium methods, respectively.

Results: Within-person biomarker values were strongly
correlated between the two CGM periods (r=0.92-0.95), although no marker fully
captured the within-person variability of mean CGM glucose. All markers were
similarly correlated with mean CGM glucose (r = 0.71-77). Compared with mean
CGM glucose, glycated albumin and fructosamine were significantly biased by
age, BMI, serum iron concentration, transferrin saturation, and albuminuria;
HbA1c was under-estimated in those with albuminuria.

Conclusions: Glycated albumin and fructosamine were not
less variable than HbA1c at a given mean CGM glucose level, with several
additional sources of bias. These results support measuring HbA1c to monitor
trends in glycemia among patients with eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73m2. Direct
measurements of glucose are necessary to capture short-term variability.
Çimento Harçlarında Optimum Uçucu Kül ve PVA Lif Oranının Belirlenmesi
Authors: ÜNAL Muhammed Talha , ŞİMŞEK Osman
Published: August 2020

Çimento harcında uçucu kül ve lif kullanımı, harçların fiziksel ve mekanik özelliklerini önemli ölçüde artırmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, çimento harçlarında uçucu kül ve lif kullanımının harcın fiziksel ve mekaniksel özelliklerine etkisi incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla, hazırlanan çimento harcında çimento maliyetini azaltmak amacı ile çimento yerine ağırlıkça % 0, 10, 15 ve 20 oranlarında uçucu kül (UK) kullanılmıştır. Uçucu kül ilaveli çimento harcının mekanik özelliklerini arttırmak amacı ile karışıma hacimce %1, %2 ve %3 Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) lif ilave edilmiş ve üretilen bu harç numunelerinin serbest rötre, eğilme dayanımı ve basınç dayanımları incelenmiştir. Deneyler sonucunda; UK ikame oranları arttıkça yayılma çapının arttığı buna karşın UK’ lı karışımlarda PVA oranı artıkça yayılma çapının azaldığı görülmüştür. Karışımlarda UK ikame artıkça basınç dayanımının düştüğü buna karşın PVA lifli karışımlarda (UK15 kodlu karışıma) %1 PVA lif ilave edildiğinde basınç dayanımının yaklaşık %12 oranında arttığı görülmüştür. Bununla birlikte UK ikameli karışımlarda PVA lif ilavesi artıkça eğilme dayanımının arttığı ve en yüksek eğilme dayanımının %3 PVA lif katkılı %10 uçucu kül (UK10) ikameli karışımda olduğu görülmüştür. Diğer taraftan, harçlarda lif oranı ile boy değişimi arasında negatif bir ilişki olduğu ve lif miktarı artıkça boy değişiminin de azaldığı tespit edilmiştir.
Prevalence and Factors Associated with Anemia in Pregnancy among Women Receiving Antenatal Care at the West Gonja District Hospital of Northern Ghana
Authors: Danaah Malick Martin Mumuni , Maalekuu Aloysius , Rivera Odalys Hernandez
Published: August 2020

Background: Anemia in pregnancy is a major public health problem especially in Low and Middle-income countries (LMIC) including Ghana and is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as being present when the hemoglobin concentration in the peripheral blood is 11g/dl or less. In most African countries anemia in pregnancy occurs if the hemoglobin concentration falls below 10g/dl. Pregnant women are at a higher risk of developing anemia due to several factors such as hemodilution, nutritional factors, multiple gestation, socio-economic status and malaria infestation. Anemia in pregnancy is an important cause of maternal mortality and affects half of pregnant women worldwide; with 56% of West African pregnant women being anemic. The objective of this study is to assess the prevalence and identify the risk factors associated with anemia among pregnant women receiving antenatal care at the West Gonja Hospital(WGH) Methods: A cross-sectional was conducted with 136 pregnant women receiving antenatal care at the WGH between January 2017 to February 2018. Random sampling was used to select participants and data was collected using a structured questionnaire. Data was analyzed using the SPSS Version 24.0. Results: A total 71(52.2%) of the study population were anemic, while 65 (47.8%) were not anemic. 20(74.1%) of the 27 pregnant housewives were anemic, while 11(64.7%) of the pregnant farmers were anemic. 27 (96.4%) of the 28 pregnant women who took their iron/folate supplement only some few days were anemic. 12 (100%) of the 12 participants who took their iron/folate supplement a few times a week were anemic. 4 (80%) of the 5 participants who never took their iron/folate supplement were anemic. 21 (70%) of those who did not sleep under ITN were anemic. 33 (84.6%) of the 39 patients who were diagnosed with malaria were also anemic. 28 (87.5%) of the 32 participants who took only 2 meals a day were anemic. 27 (79.4%) of the 34 patients who took liver, beef, chicken and fish only twice weekly were anemic. 15 (88.2%) of the 17 patients who drank tea some days in a week were anemic. Conclusion: Although most of the pregnant women were adequately educated on the most relevant aspects of anemia in pregnancy, more than half of them were still anemic. Anemia was more prevalent among pregnant uneducated housewives with poor nutritional habits. All the pregnant sickle cell disease patients as well as those diagnosed with malaria were also anemic.
Moderate and Timely Water Intake Followed By Micturition Reduces Frequency of Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections and the Prevalence of Virulent Uropathogens in Adult Women
Authors: El-Reshaid Kamel , Al-Bader Shaikha
Published: August 2020

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most common type of infection in women. Preventive measures included local hygiene, clothing, diet, limiting activities, and prophylactic antibiotics. In this study; we evaluated the role of a simple technique of 5-timely oral water flushing of the urinary bladder in its prevention. The technique entailed an intake of 250 ml of plain water followed by micturition 15-30 minute later at; early morning, 30 minute after the 3 daily meals and 1 hour before night sleep. Moreover, married women had an additional similar bolus intake 30 minute before sexual intercourse and micturition immediately after coitus. This prophylactic regimen has been evaluated in 422 adult non-menopausal females with high-rate of recurrent UTI (>2 UTI/year) for a median duration of 33 months. Married women; had higher rate of UTI/patient year and incidence of non-E coli bacteriuria compared to non-married ones. Our prophylactic technique resulted in; (a) decrease in UTI rate/patient year on follow up from 2.3(0.8) to 0(0.3), (b) clearance of bacteriuria in 69% of women, and decrease of non-E coli pathogens from 31% to 2% (p< 0.001). The latter was due to limiting the use of antibiotics. Married women had similar encouraging results. In conclusion; moderate and timely water intake followed by micturition reduces frequency of recurrent urinary tract infections and the prevalence of virulent uropathogens in adult women.
Stillbirths: Incidence, Causes and Surrogate Markers of Intrapartum and Antepartum Fetal Deaths
Authors: Shanker Ojasvi , Saini Vandana , Gupta Mamta
Published: August 2020

Background: Stillbirth is a traumatic experience for both the patient and the obstetrician. Determining its cause and early interventions can reduce stillbirths. The study was undertaken to determine the incidence, evaluate causes and surrogate markers for intrapartum and antepartum stillbirths. Methods: A retrospective study was carried out from August 2015 to December 2018. All stillbirths more than 22 weeks or a birthweight of ≥500 g were included in the study. Demographic and all clinical details were collected from the indoor case records and cause of fetal death assigned. Results: There were 520 stillbirths and 28,580 deliveries in the study period. Majority of these women with stillbirths were in the age group of 20-25 years at 33-37 weeks period of gestation, had parity 1 to 3 and were unbooked. Intrapartum deaths accounted for only 8.46% stillbirths. Extreme prematurity was the most common cause for stillbirths (20.38%) followed by chorioamnionitis (16.73%), hypertensive diseases (15.77%) and abruption (10.38). The cause remained unknown in 53.27%. Fetal movement appeared a better surrogate of antepartum /intrapartum deaths than macerated/fresh stillborns. Conclusions: Incidence of stillbirths was 1.8%. Most of the deaths were antepartum (91.53%). Extreme prematurity was the commonest cause. Fetal movement appeared a better surrogate marker of intrapartum / antepartum deaths.
Ulnar Nerve Neuropathy after Distal Radius Fracture Malunion. Uncommon Intra-Operative Findings and a Review of the Literature
Authors: Athanaselis Efstratios D. , Papageorgiou Fotios , Deligeorgis Dimitrios , Malizos Konstantinos N. , Varitimidis Sokratis E.
Published: August 2020

Distal radius fractures are among the most common fractures. Though associated neurologic problems are not uncommon, ulnar nerve dysfunction is a rare complication. An interesting case of sensory impairment of the ulnar nerve in a female patient with distal radius malunion, 6 months after a conservatively treated fracture, in which surgical intervention revealed an anatomic variation of ulnar nerve route, is presented in conjunction with a review of relevant literature.
Design and Operation Principles of Hydraulic Headwater Structures (Weirs, Barrages and Dams)
Authors: Naprawa StanisÅ‚aw
Published: August 2020

The results of authorâ€™s method for evaluation of water levels (and discharges) instability as the function of time are described and new Environmental Classification of water headworks is proposed, based on water flow velocity criterium and application the â€œinstability factorsâ€ for determination save water levels elevations (and outlet works discharge conveyance capacity), accepted for design and valid for the whole project life period.

The classification is based on the assumption, that local channel processes and risks (biological, erosion, sedimentation, ice control and otherâ€s) within the environment of hydraulic works will be eliminated or negative impacts limited. The main aim of applied classification is to protect the hydrauulic water-head structures from degradation, aggradation and deterioration. The general specification for design of discharge capacity of spillways and outlet works determination are given, as well as the main principle of the investments management.

The general and particular technical requirements are specified for mitigation the negative impacts on the hydraulic headwater structures, as well as structures influences on the environment.. The scope of required changes in regulations and specifications are given to include in the present polish regulations and standards, including European EC7 Standard.
Modeling Inflation of Transportation, Communication, and Service Sectors in Indonesia Using Intervention Model
Authors: * Suparti , Prahutama Alan , Santoso Rukun , Rahmawati Rita
Published: August 2020

Modeling Inflation in the value of transportation, communication and financial services in Indonesia is experiencing fluctuating high. Fluctuation is possible due to changes in fuel prices and the presidential election of 2009. However, modeled with ARIMA will get a model that does not fit. In this research, analysis of intervention of inflation value caused by changed in fuel prices. Interventions in this study occurred twice, in June 2013 and November 2014. The first intervention model was ARIMA (1,0,0) with step function b = 2, r = 0, s = 1, while the second intervention model was ARIMA (2,0,0) follows by Pulse function with b = 1, r = 0, and s = 0.
The Linguistic Issues of Form and function and their Effect on Translating Conditional Structures in the Qurâ€™an
Authors: Morsy, Ph.D. Ali Hassan Sayed
Published: August 2020

According to Ryding (2005), "conditional propositions are ones in which hypothetical conditions are specified in order for something else to take place." He adds "there are two clauses, one that specifies the conditionâ€¦" and "one that specifies the consequences or result of those conditions" (p.671).  On the other hand, "the equivalent terms in Arabic are Ø´Ø±Ø· /ÊƒartË¤/ (for the condition clause) and Ø¬ÙˆØ§Ø¨ /jawaab/ (for the consequence clause)"(p.671).  The writer divides conditions into "reasonably realizable" (if you study hard, you will pass) and "simply expressions of impossible or â€œcontrary to factâ€ conditions"(p.671) (If he were rich, he would buy your car).  In brief, conditional sentences in both English and Arabic can be grouped into two categories, namely, real conditionals and unreal ones.  Real conditionals are indicated by a speaker who believes positively about the achievement of the condition, while the speaker of the unreal ones believes negatively about this achievement.

  Moreover, the use of different conditional particles appoints the type of the condition in Arabic, but it is identified by the cluster of verb forms in English.  In English, the conditional sentence may precede or follow the main sentence, but it generally precedes the main sentence in Arabic. The tense of the verbs used in English conditional sentences differ in most cases from their Arabic counterparts.

Furthermore, the most common type of conditionals in English involves â€˜ifâ€™ and â€˜unlessâ€™ but there are three common conditional particles and about ten conditional nouns in Arabic.  Ryding (2005) states that, "Arabic uses different particles to express possible conditions and impossible conditions"(p.671). The English conditional article ' if ' has three equivalents in Arabic: /?in/, /?iÃ°aa/ and /law/.  The verbs of the two English conditional clauses in each of the four cases are in a sort of harmony in tense, but in Arabic such tense agreement is not a must.  Hence, we conclude that there is a general tense harmony between the English conditional clauses, but in Arabic, this is not commonly the case.  This dissonance leads to some extent of confusion while translating the source language(SL) into the target language(TL) in general and from the Quran ( as SL) into English (as TL) in particular.
Stabilization of Lateritic Soil Using Coir Fiber as Natural Reinforcement
Authors: B. D. Oluyemi-Ayibiowu , O. G. Fadugba
Published: August 2020

Stabilization of soil using fibers is one of the effective techniques to improve the strength of soils for engineering se. This paper aims to evaluate the effect of coir fiber as natural reinforcement in the stabilization of lateritic soil, which is classified as clayey silt. The performance of Coir fibers is separately analyzed for its impact on the strength of the soil. Tests were conducted on various fiber-soil ratios in six percentage levels such as 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 to determine the optimum fiber content. The index properties tests carried out on the natural soil samples (A and B) showed that the samples belong to A-6 and A-7-6 in the AASHTO classification system respectively and CL according to the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS). Compaction characteristics of the natural and treated soil samples were determined using the Standard Proctor method. Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) value of 58.59kpa and 87.89kpa obtained for the natural soil, increased to a maximum of 359.31kpa and 261.16kpa at 0.4% fiber content for samples A and B respectively. The California bearing ratio (CBR) values on the other hand increased with increase in fiber content from 14.52% to 23.28% and from 12.47% to 18.92% for soaked samples A and B respectively, and from 17.26% to 27.18% and 15.22% to 21.89% for unsoaked samples A and B respectively. The results indicate that, 0.4% coir fiber content are more optimal and efficient stabilizer for the laterite soil. This study also contributes to effective soil waste management as a befitting sustainable technique to solve current environmental crisis as well.
The Effect of Single Parenthood on Girl Child Education in Kenema City
Authors: Fortune Stella Baindu
Published: August 2020

The study investigated the effect of single parenthood on girl child education.

A total of one hundred (100) single parents were randomly selected by an impartial ballot drawn from all the sections in Kenema city. Five areas were then selected including kpetema, Nyawama, kissy town, Samai Town and Lambayama sections. 20% of single parents in each section were used as sample for the topic under review. (The Effect of Single Parenthood on Girl Child Education).

The findings of the study revealed that:

There were more single parents who have never been married. This ranked up to the highest percentage than those who have cohabited, divorced and widowed.

Among the many reasons for the breakdown of marital relationships, failure to meet expectations and outside influences were the most paramount reasons. The other reasons, though may be important, but cannot stand as serious reasons for the breakdown of marital relationship.

The number of school going girls were more than the number of school going boys and there were less number of girls than boys that were not attending school.

Only few girls of single parents were performing excellently and few of them had completed tertiary level, some had completed senior secondary school level while a good number are yet to attain junior secondary school level.The highest percentage of the constraints that affected the academic performance of girls of single parents was peer-group influence and second highest being inadequate financial support.

Among the coping mechanisms of single parents, were civil servants, petty traders and a reasonable number of single parents were barely managing to cope with their childrenâ€™s schooling.

Some parents suggested adequate sensitization for their school going girls, adequate job facilities for single parents, boarding home facilities and the establishment of single parenthood Association.
Preparation of Hydrated Calcium Silicate High Filler Ink and Study on Printing Suitability
Authors: Peng Xu , Yingying Wang , Jianxin Tian , Dongdong Fan , Shuai Gao
Published: August 2020

In the process of extracting alumina from high-alumina fly ash of power plant, the amorphous silica in fly ash is extracted by alkali solution and precipitated with lime milk to synthesis hydrated calcium silicate powder, which has the characteristics of high oil absorption, high value, low abrasion value, large specific surface area and low bulk density, show that the addition of hydrated calcium silicate filler to the printing ink helps to improve the viscosity, fineness, color density, color and other indicators. The filler filling ratio is higher than traditional ink fillers such as calcium carbonate. It is expected that the hydrated calcium silicate filler has wide potential application value in ink reduction, VOCs control and functionality.
The Nephrogenesis in the Human Organism
Authors: Vincze Janos , Tiszay Gabriella Vincze
Published: August 2020

We wanted to investigate nephrogenesis in its ontogenetic development (in the perinatal periods). This perinatal time interval was divided into five periods. Intrauterine are the early fetal (3–5 months) and late fetal periods, neonates (0–1 months), infants (1–12 months) and young children (1–3 years). We only conducted the analysis until the age of three, because the one million nephron number characteristic of the kidney in adulthood is already developed by the age of three. We found that the structural and functional unit of the kidney is the nephron, which undergoes three initial stages: pro-, meso- and metanephros. There are two periods of accumulation: late fetal and infant age. After birth, the number of incomplete renal corpuscles is negligible. In further periods of ontogenesis, the nephron count remains unchanged, only the volume of the nephrons increases. When modeling kidney function, we found that the body is “resting” some of the nephrons, because it is during this time that the cell walls resulting from cavitation are regenerated
Ismat Chughtai's Depiction of Homophobia Through the Story ‘Lihaaf’
Authors: Shinde Pranasha , Shrikant Shinde Dhananjay
Published: August 2020

This study aims to bring attention to the homophobia of the famous female writer Ismat Chughtai with the help of her infamous short story ‘Lihaaf’ published in the pre-independent India. The short story ‘Lihaaf’ is a story of a homosexual woman named Begum Jan and her homosexual husband Nawab Saheb. Through this study, we are trying to bring the homophobic depiction of characters by the writer Ismat Chughtai in the short story ‘Lihaaf’, which has been ignored for a long time.
Design and Analysis of 360 Degree Turning Vehicle
Authors: Soni Abhishek , Ansari Ataurrahman , Gahlod Paritosh , Tiwari Saransh , Dohare Kshitiz , Damahe Jeetesh
Published: August 2020

The design and manufacture of a 360-degree DC motor and a steering wheel vehicle are designed to reduce the rotation time from one direction to the other. This vehicle can be moved in all directions in the same position by the steering, the pinion, the DC motor, the bearings and the chain drive. The main function of this vehicle is to move easily from one direction to another. The modern development and economic progress of the Indian society have led to an increase of people on the platform, the increase of the vehicle on the road, due to the lack of space, in the hospital is a big problem in the country. The purpose of this study is the development of a system to reduce the radius of the vehicle. In this system, the first vehicle stops and the wheels are turned in the required direction through the driving system and the DC motor. It has a turning radius equal to almost the length of the vehicle itself. This vehicle was used to transport goods in various areas, such as the platform, hospital, industry and market.
Performance Analysis of Wind Power Prediction using ANFIS and Gaussian-SVM
Authors: Patidar Devyani , Chaturvedi Dr. Krishna Teerth
Published: August 2020

Wind energy is one of the most economical sources of renewable electricity, with the largest resources available in the world. It is one of the most promising sources of clean energy and extends its reach to electricity production. Today, wind technologies are making a significant contribution to the growing clean electricity market worldwide. The rapid growth of wind energy and the increase in wind energy production require serious research in various fields. Because wind energy depends on time, it is variable and intermittent on different time scales. Therefore, accurate wind energy prediction is considered an important contribution to the reliable integration of large scale wind energy. Wind energy forecasting methods can be used to plan the ownership, planning and delivery of activities by network operators to maximize electricity traders' revenues. The increasing prevalence of wind power in power plants raises important questions arising from their intermittent and uncertain nature. These challenges require a precise prediction tool for wind power generation to plan the efficient operation of electrical systems and ensure reliability of supply. In this research work two classifier’s performance are evaluated on the real-time dataset. The accuracy of the models has been measured using four performance metrics namely, the Mean Squared Error (MSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Percentage Error(MAPE). From the result analysis it has been concluded that gaussian SVM outperforms better as compared to the ANFIS model. The result is analysed on different testing dataset of different seasons and averaged error is used to analyse the performance measures.
PROJECT ON ELECTRONIC STEERING SYSYTEM
Authors: Dwivedi Shivam , Gupta Prof. Vikas
Published: August 2020

As the four-wheel steering (4WS) system has great potentials, many researchers' attention was attracted to this technique and active research was made. As a result, passenger cars equipped with 4WS systems were put on the market a few years ago. This report tries to identify the essential elements of the 4WS technology in terms of vehicle dynamics and control techniques. Based on the findings of this investigation, the report gives a mechanism of electronically controlling the steering system depending on the variable pressure applied on it. This enhances the controlling and smoothens the operation of steering mechanism.
“DESIGN & OPTIMIZATION OF ALLOY WHEEL RIM USING ANSYS”
Authors: Meshram Poonam , Sinha Ashish
Published: August 2020

Alloy wheels are automobile wheels which are made from an alloy of aluminum or magnesium metals or sometimes a mixture of both. Alloy wheels differ from normal steel wheels because of their lighter weight, which improves the steering and the speed of the car. Alloy wheels will reduce the unstrung weight of a vehicle compared to one fitted with standard steel wheels. The benefit of reduced unstrung weight is more precise steering as well as a nominal reduction in fuel consumption. Alloy is an excellent conductor of heat, improving heat dissipation from the brakes, reducing the risk of brake failure under demanding driving conditions. At present four-wheeler wheels are made of Aluminum Alloys. In this project, Aluminum alloy are comparing with another Alloy. In this project a parametric model is designed for Alloy wheel used in four-wheeler by collecting data from reverse engineering process from existing model. Design is evaluated by analyzing the model by taking the constraints as ultimate stresses and variables as different alloy materials and different loads and goals as maximum outer diameter of the wheel and fitting accessories areas like shaft of the axle and bolts PCD of the car. Car model is Toyota.
Cost Optimization by Resource Allocation of an Ongoing Project Using Primavera P6
Authors: Paliwal Prof. M. C. , Chouriya Divya
Published: August 2020

Implementation of construction project needs a proper planning and scheduling is of vital importance for the project to be executed and run smoothly. A best schedule has to be prepared in such a way that meets the primary objectives of the total project. Those essential destinations are to make a quality venture, finished on time, inside spending plan, and in a sheltered workplace. Consequently in this investigation a progressing development venture is taken and the execution of the undertaking is contrasted and the calendar with the assistance of Primavera. With the help of management tool like primavera, one can manage the scheduling, resource allocation and also time management in a proper and easy way.
Perbedaan Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Dan Kemampuan Gerak Terhadap Keterampilan Teknik Dasar Sepakbola
Authors: Wardiyanto Yayan
Published: August 2020

Berdasarkan hasil survei yang dilakukan di SMPN 1 Sumber Kabupaten Cirebon keterampilan teknik dasar sepakbola kelas VIII masih kurang, sehingga perlu ada solusi untuk meningkatkan keterampilan teknik dasar sepakbola. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan pengaruh model pembelajaran dan kemampuan gerak terhadap keterampilan teknik dasar sepakbola. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen faktorial 2x2. Populasi 58 siswa putra kelas VIII A, F dan G SMPN 1 Sumber Kabupaten Cirebon. Sampel 40 siswa dengan teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive random sampling. Teknik analisis data dengan menggunakan ANAVA 2x2 dengan taraf signifikansi =0,05, dilanjutkan dengan uji Tukey dan uji pasangan dengan t-Scheffe untuk membandingkan 2 kelompok. Hasil penelitian, yaitu 1) tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara model pembelajaran taktis dan TGT terhadap keterampilan teknik dasar sepakbola, 2) ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara kemampuan gerak tinggi dan rendah terhadap keterampilan teknik dasar sepakbola, 3) ada interaksi yang signifikan antara model pembelajaran dan kemampuan gerak terhadap keterampilan teknik dasar sepakbola, 4) ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara model pembelajaran taktis dengan kemampuan gerak tinggidan model pembelajaran TGT dengan kemampuan gerak tinggi. 5) tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara model pembelajaran taktis dengan kemampuan gerak rendahdan model pembelajaran TGT dengan kemampuan gerak rendah. Kata kunci: Model Pembelajaran, Kemampuan Gerak, Sepakbola
Perbandingan Efektivitas Medium Shoot Dengan Loncatan Dan Tanpa Loncatan Terhadap Akurasi Hasil Shooting
Authors: Kurniawan Fakhri Fajrin
Published: August 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui atau memperoleh informasi tentang efektivitas penggunaan teknik medium shoot dengan loncatan dan tanpa loncatan terhadap ketepatan hasil shooting. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif melalui observasi atau survei langsung terhadap suatu pertandingan. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh pertandingan pada Kejuaraan Bola Basket Pekan Olahraga Wilayah (POPWIL) Se-Wilayah III Cirebon Tahun 2019. Sampel ditentukan dengan menggunakan teknik total sampling. Dimana dari seluruh pertandingan pertama sampai terakhir dijadikan sebagai sampel. Instrument penelitian yang digunakan adalah dengan cara ratting oleh 4 orang juri atau testor. Hasil pengolahan data dengan penghitungan secara statistika yang menggunakan penghitungan uji dua pihak (uji t), diperoleh hasil bahwa thitung 0,47 dan ttabel 2,07 dengan kesimpulan hipotesis diterima. Berdasarkan hal tersebut maka tidak terdapat perbedaan yang berarti antara medium shoot dengan loncatan dan tanpa loncatan terhadap ketepatan hasil shooting. Namun teknik medium shoot dengan loncatan lebih efektif digunakan untuk memperoleh poin pada Kejuaraan Bola Basket Pekan Olahraga Wilayah (POPWIL) Se-Wilayah III Cirebon.  Kata kunci: Efektivitas, Medium Shoot, Bola Basket
The Role of a Political Leader Facing Modern Challenges
Authors:   Moscow State University, Malyasova Elizaveta Leonidovna
Published: August 2020

The object of research is leadership as a multifaceted socio-political phenomenon. The purpose of the paper is to give a systematic idea of the role of a political leader in modern society. This study is also relevant for Russia, where there is a high degree of personification of political power. In the course of the research, the author uses scientific works and sources in Russian, English and Spanish. It is concluded that leadership is a mechanism of interaction between the leader and his followers (constituents). This mechanism includes three interrelated aspects – institutional, functional and symbolic. In modern society, the requirements for the personal qualities of a leader and his activities are increasing. A real political leader is a person who is able to understand the historical need for changes and implement them in accordance with the modern requirements.