bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detection and isolation of Duck Plague virus from field outbreaks in Assam, India
Authors: Neher Samsun , Barman Nagendra Nath , Bora Durlav Prasad , Deka Dipak , Tamuly Shantanu , Deka Purabi , Bharali Arpita , Das Sailendra Kumar
Published: July 2018

Duck plague is an acute, contagious and lethal disease of ducks caused by an enveloped DNA virus, belonging to Anatid Herpes Virus 1 under genus Mardivirus, subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae, family Herpesviridae. The disease is characterized by sudden death, high mortality, hemorrhages and necrosis in the internal organs. Duck farming plays an important role in the livelihood of the farmers of Assam. Duck Plague being the major killer disease among duck population of Assam, posing a threat to the growth of duck farming in the state. The present report investigates various outbreaks of Duck plague in Assam, detection and isolation of the virus. A total of 29 outbreaks suspected for Duck Plague were attended in different districts of Assam and 380 numbers of samples comprising of both clinical (n=107) as well as post mortem (n=273) were collected. Presence of DPV in samples was detected by Sandwich-ELISA (S-ELISA) and amplification of UL 44.5 as well as DNA polymerase gene of DPV by PCR. Out of 380 samples collected from 29 outbreaks, 213 (56.05%) and 299 (78.68%) samples were found positive for presence of DPV by S-ELISA and PCR, respectively. Pooled positive samples from various outbreaks were processed for isolation of duck plague virus in DEF primary cell culture. DPV field strain produced CPE comprising of rounding of cells, formation of syncytia, marked cytoplasmic granulations and intracellular vacuoles.
Molecular characterization of MHC class II DRA cDNA in Deoni cattle
Authors: Swathi K. , Prakash M. Gnana , Sakaram D. , Raghunandan T. , Chandra A. Sarat , Kalyani P.
Published: July 2018

The present study was undertaken to clone and characterize DRA gene in Deoni cattle. The cDNA for the DRA gene was amplified by using specific primers designed based on available cattle sequences and purified products were cloned in competent E.coli (DH5á) strain. The full length 1013bp product of cDNA of DRA contained a single ORF of 762 nucleotides that coded for 253 amino acids translated product. Twenty four amino acids formed signal peptide while 229 constituted mature peptide. The deduced amino acid sequences resembled those of class II molecules of other species for all the conserved residues having critical functional role. But a single N-linked glycosylation site in á1 was observed in cattle and buffalo when compared to human and swine which contain a second site in á2 domain. The signal peptide was found more variable among the species compared. Comparison of nucleotide and amino acid sequences among related species and dendrogram constructed revealed that the cattle sequences are more similar to buffalo sequences.
Identification of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in GnRHR gene in Murrah bulls
Authors: Reen J. K. , Ramesha K. P. , . Preeti , Revanasiddu D. , Ahirwar M.
Published: July 2018

The present study was undertaken with the objectives of molecular characterization and detection of genetic polymorphism in the GnRHR gene in Murrah bulls. Blood samples were collected from 109 Murrah bulls maintained at three different organized semen stations viz., Centralized Semen Collection Centre of Livestock Breeding and Training Centre, Dharwad; Nandini Sperm Station and State Livestock Breeding and Training Centre, Hessarghatta, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. Genomic DNA was isolated from the blood samples within 24 hours of collection . Mutations were screened using Polymerase Chain Reaction – Single Stranded Conformational Polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) technique followed by Sanger Sequencing. PCR-SSCP method revealed similar band pattern within Murrah bulls. To confirm monomorphism in the studied population with respect to GnRHR gene, duplicate samples from each primer fragment were custom sequenced. PCR-SSCP and sequence analysis revealed monomorphism within the studied population that is coding region as well as exon-intron boundaries of GnRHR gene is highly conserved among Murrah bulls. However, a total of 28 Single Nucleotide variations (SNV’s) have been found when compared with Bos Taurus reference sequence for GnRHR gene.
Effects of dietary Bacillus amyloliquefaciens on mucosal immunity, cecal volatile fatty acids and microbial diversity in broiler chickens
Authors: Cao G. T. , Zhan X. A. , Zhang L. L. , Zeng X. F. , Chen A. G. , Yang C. M.
Published: July 2018

This trial was conducted to investigate the adhesion of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens to Caco-2 cells, the effects of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens on the mucosal immunity, cecal volatile fatty acids and microbial diversity in broiler chickens. Three hundred and sixty 1-d-old Ross 308 chicks were randomly divided into 3 dietary treatments groups, which birds fed with basal diet, basal diet supplemented with colistine sulfate, and basal diet supplemented with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Polymerase chain reaction denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis was used to analyze the change of cecal microflora, and Gas Chromatography was used to analyze the cecal volatile fatty acids. Data showed that: 1) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens had a good adhesion ability to epithelial cells; 2) the supplementation of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens significantly increased the concentration of ileal mucosal secretory IgA and interleukin 6, decreased (P Lass Than 0.05) the concentration of tumor necrosis factor-a; 3) resulted in the change of cecal microbial community, higher levels of acetic acid, methylacetic and isovaleric acid in the birds. Thus, we considered that Bacillus amyloliquefaciens enhanced the mucosal immunity, increased the cecal concentration of major volatile fatty acids and the diversity microflora community in broilers.
Comparison and estimation of the growth curve models of Hanwoo steer (Bos taurus coreanae)
Authors: Park Hu-Rak , Eum Seung-Hoon , Roh Seung-Hee , Seo Jakyeom , Cho Seong-Keun , Kim Byeong-Woo
Published: July 2018

The present study was conducted to estimate and compare the three types of growth models in Hanwoo steer (Bos aurus coreanae). The Gompertz, Von Bertalanffy, and Logistic nonlinear models were used. A total of 2,239 Hanwoo steers (Bos taurus coreanae) from 6 months to 24 months old (2003 to 2014) and 8,916 growth data from the Hanwoo improvement Center were used to estimate the growth model which included three parameters. These parameters were A, mature body weight; b, growth ratio; and k, intrinsic growth rate. Regression equations using the Gompertz, Von Bertalanffy, and Logistic models were calculated as respectively. The mean square errors (MSEs) for each model were 1945.9, 1958.7, and 1935.0, respectively. The equation using the Logistic model showed the lowest value among three models. The estimated birth weights from the Gompertz, Von Bertalanffy, and Logistic models were 50.35 kg, 36.94 kg, and 74.13 kg, respectively. Furthermore, the estimated mature weights from the Gompertz, Von Bertalanffy, and Logistic models were 919.0 kg, 1043.3 kg, and 770.0 kg, respectively. In addition, the estimated age and body weight at inflection from the Gompertz, Von Bertalanffy, and Logistic models were 349.0 days and 338.1 kg, 317.9 days and 308.2 kg, and 397.8 days and 385.0 kg, respectively. Based on the results, we concluded that the regression equation using the Logistic model was the most appropriate among the growth models for measuring data. However, further studies would be needed in order to obtain more accurate parameters using a much wider period of data from birth to shipping age.
Expression of polyamine metabolism-related genes during the development of prehierarchical follicles in the Zi
geese (Ansercygnoides)
Authors: Liu C. , Cornelius T. S. , Wu H. , Wang Z. , Sui Y. , Zhou Y. , Yang H. , Lu H. , Li S. , Liu J. , Sun Y. , Xu C. , Sun Y.
Published: July 2018

The aims of the current study were to investigate the morphological changes in the granulosa cell and theca cell layers and to determine the spatio-temporal expression levels of polyamine-related genes at varying sizes in diameter of the prehierarchical follicles during ovary development. In this current study,H and E staining was used to observe the thickness of the granulosa cells layer and theca cells layer of the prehierarchical follicles, both in which middle white follicles (MWF) were predominantly high. The quantitative mRNA expression of Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), Ornithine decarboxylase antizyme2 (OAZ2), Spermidine synthase (SRM), Spermine synthase (SMS) and Spermine oxidase (SMOX) was revealed by Real-Time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR) with different expression levels at each stage of the prehierachical follicular development.The results indicated that polyamine metabolism-related genes were implicated in cell proliferation, differentiation and growth of Zi geese prehierarchical follicles.
Correlation between body condition score and hormone level of Bali cattle with postpartum anestrus
Authors: Indira Laksmi Desak Nyoman Dewi , Trilaksana I Gusti Ngurah Bagus , Darmanta Rai Jaine , Darwan Megawati , Bebas Wayan , Agustina Kadek Karang
Published: July 2018

Body Condition Score (BCS) is a simpler and more practical method to evaluate the body’s energy and fat reserves in cows. Nutrition play a direct role both in the hypothalamus by synthesizing and releasing GnRH, as well as on the anterior pituitary by controlling the synthesis and release of Leptin, FSH, LH and Estrogen. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the body condition score with the activation of hormones in the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis on Bali cattle that experienced postpartum anestrus. This research was an observational analytic study with Cross-Sectional Study design. The samples used were Bali cattle that have given birth and have not shown estrus for more than three months. BCS assessment method is qualitatively conducted through visual and tactile techniques. Measurements of Leptin, FSH, LH and estrogen hormone levels were performed using the ELISA Double Antibody Sandwich method. The results showed a correlation between body condition score to hormone level i.e. Leptin level of 0.861; LH level of 0.960; FSH level of 0.799; and Estrogen level of 0.761. These data demonstrated that BCS significantly affects Leptin hormone concentrations. It takes Leptin with a certain concentration to trigger the release of LH in follicle maturation and ovulation, thus achieving a threshold that causes the activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis.
Determinants of participation in highly paid markets among woolgrowers in the Eastern Cape province, South Africa
Authors: Joseph Samuel O. , Antwi Michael A. , Chagwiza Clarietta
Published: July 2018

Market participation is a very crucial element among smallholder farmers through its effects on income, poverty reduction and rural economic development. Woolgrowers seek to maximise profits by sourcing for avenues for higher market value for their products. The study identifies factors which determine participation of woolgrowers in high value markets. Using stratified random sampling, data was collected from 248 woolgrowers of the National Wool Growers Association (NWGA). A Logistic regression model was used to determine the factors that influence participation of woolgrowers in high value markets. The results reveals that wool growing experience (â =.033, Sig = .000), skill acquisition (â=.728, Sig=.000) and wool price have a positive (â= .071, Sig. = .000) and significant effect on woolgrowers’ participation in the highly paid markets, while gender (â =-.412, Sig=.006) has a negative and significant effect. The findings of this study would enhance future decision and policies that would improve market accessibility and competitiveness of South African woolgrowers, thereby improving their income, food security and livelihoods.
Infecção do sítio cirúrgico em pacientes submetidos a cirurgias cardíacas: uma análise do perfil epidemiológico
Authors: Braz Nelma De Jesus , Evangelista Silma De Souza , Evangelista Sintia Souza , Garbaccio Juliana Ladeira , Oliveira Adriana Cristina de
Published: July 2018

Objetivo: Descrever a ocorrência da infecção do sítio cirúrgico em pacientes submetidos à revascularização do miocárdio e/ou implante de valva cardíaca e seu perfil epidemiológico. Método: Tratou-se de estudo retrospectivo, realizado em hospital de grande porte. Os dados foram coletados nos prontuários dos pacientes de cirurgias entre 2011 e 2015. Realizou-se estatística descritiva e análise bivariada pelo Epi-info 6.4. Resultados: Foram revisados 280 prontuários de pacientes com idade média de 58 anos. As principais comorbidades encontradas nesses pacientes foram hipertensão arterial e dislipidemia, sendo comum ainda a febre reumática naqueles com implante de prótese valvar. Foram diagnosticadas 52 infecções do sítio cirúrgico, sendo 32 (61,5%) durante a internação e 20 (38,5%) por reinternação. As infecções incisionais superficiais foram prevalentes seguidas de órgão/cavidade. A idade, tempo de internação total e no pós-operatório e dias no Centro de Terapia Intensiva após a cirurgia foram associadas à ocorrência infecciosa em órgão/cavidade. O tempo médio de internação foi de 18,1 dias nos pacientes sem infecção e 25,4 naqueles com infecção. Conclusão: É imprescindível investir em medidas de prevenção de infecções que envolvem equipes assistenciais, profissionais de controle de infecção e núcleos de segurança na busca de melhores práticas assistenciais.
A influência da situação conjugal no suporte social em pessoas infectadas pelo HIV
Authors: Padoin Stela Maris De Mello , Marchi Maressa Claudia de , Santos Wendel Mombaque dos , Quadros Jacqueline Silveira de , Langendorf Tassiane Ferreira , Paula Cristiane Cardoso de
Published: July 2018

Objetivo: Avaliar a influência da situação conjugal no suporte social percebido por pessoas infectadas pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV). Método: Estudo de delineamento transversal, realizado com 179 participantes. Para coleta de dados, utilizou-se a Escala de Suporte Social para pessoas infectadas pelo HIV. Como variável dependente, o suporte social percebido, e como variáveis independentes, as características sociais, demográficas e clínicas. Realizada análise descritiva das variáveis, Teste de Jonckheere-Terpstra e regressão logística. Resultados: Conviver com esposo(a) ou companheiro(a) é fator de proteção quando comparado a ser solteiro(a) ou separado(a), divorciado(a) ou viúvo(a), de forma que a chance de proteção é de 8,84 vezes (IC: 3,43 – 14,25) para o suporte social geral, 5,54 vezes (IC: 2,54 – 8,54) para suporte social emocional, e 4,31 vezes (IC: 0,97 - 7,65) para suporte social instrumental. Conclusão: Ter companheiro(a) é fator de proteção para manutenção do suporte social. Essa avaliação contribui para identificar dificuldades na adesão ao tratamento antirretroviral e elaborar estratégias de enfrentamento da doença e manutenção de comportamentos favoráveis à adesão.
Sentimentos da pessoa em hemodiálise: percepção da equipe de enfermagem
Authors: Salimena Anna Maria Oliveira , Costa Yule Caroline Nunes , Amorim Thaís Vasconselos , Souza Rafael Carlos Macedo
Published: July 2018

Objetivo: Conhecer a percepção da equipe de enfermagem sobre os aspectos emocionais da pessoa em hemodiálise. Método: Pesquisa de natureza qualitativa com 22 participantes da Equipe de Enfermagem de uma clínica situada na Zona da Mata Mineira/MG que atende pessoas portadoras de Insuficiência Renal Crônica com terapêutica renal substitutiva, que nos meses de outubro e novembro de 2016 realizaram seus depoimentos por meio de entrevista aberta. Resultados: Da análise compreensiva emergiram as Unidades de Significação: Sentimentos negativos relacionados ao tratamento que interferem no convívio com os profissionais; Sentimentos positivos relacionados ao tratamento; e Ambiente familiar, vínculo e confiança entre a equipe de saúde e os pacientes. Evidenciou-se que a demanda de cuidados transcende as técnicas focadas apenas na doença existente. Conclusão: Considera-se que a compreensão da Equipe de Enfermagem sobre os sentimentos expressos tende a colaborar na qualidade de vida das pessoas em hemodiálise e na realização do tratamento humanizado focado na integralidade da assistência prestada pela Equipe de Enfermagem.
Perfil dos atendimentos a pacientes oncológicos em uma unidade de pronto atendimento
Authors: Gonçalves Marcela Moysés , Guedes Natália De Almeida Barbosa , Matos Selme Silqueira de , Tiensoli Sabrina Daros , Simino Giovana Paula Resende , Corrêa Allana Dos Reis
Published: July 2018

Objetivo: descrever o perfil dos atendimentos realizados a pacientes oncológicos admitidos na unidade de pronto atendimento de um hospital de grande porte. Métodos: estudo descritivo, quantitativo que avaliou 315 prontuários de pacientes oncológicos, com idade maior ou igual a 18 anos, submetidos a classificação de risco em um pronto atendimento. Os dados foram coletados em prontuários eletrônicos e submetidos à análise estatística descritiva. Resultados: predominou o sexo feminino (55,9%), mediana da idade de 62 anos e o câncer de mama feminino foi o tipo de câncer mais frequente (20,9%). A queixa principal foi dor (36,2%), a maioria dos pacientes foi classificada como pouco urgente/verde (54%), seguido de urgente/amarelo (41,6%). A conduta mais frequente foi a administração de medicamentos (64,1%) e 70,9% recebeu alta para o domicílio. Conclusão: observou-se a necessidade de investimentos em tratamentos alternativos para o manejo da dor em pacientes oncológicos e melhorias nos registros dos prontuários visando uma avaliação mais precisa e eficaz dos atendimentos.
A produção científica da enfermagem no contexto da família da criança com deficiência
Authors: Marcheti Maria Angélica
Published: July 2018

A área de enfermagem da família ainda se encontra em fase de formação de um corpo de conhecimento teórico para sustentar sua prática. Nesse sentido, os enfermeiros são desafiados a realizar pesquisas que produzam as melhores evidências para o cuidado da família em situações de adoecimento de um de seus membros. A transferência do conhecimento teórico produzido torna-se fundamental para promover mudanças na prática dos profissionais com a família.
Sylviculture tropicale en forêt dense africaine (partie 3)
Authors: Catinot René
Published: July 2018

L’article présente la troisième partie de l’étude sur la sylviculture en forêt dense africaine. Dans les deux premières parties, l’auteur discutait des principales méthodes de foresterie développées jusque-là. Dans cette partie, il examine les causes d’échec. Il considère que le facteur déterminant pour le succès des plantations est la lumière du jour, que les jeunes plantules reçoivent généralement insuffisamment. L’auteur décrit ensuite le programme de recherche entrepris par le Centre technique forestier tropical (CTFT, centre technique maintenant intégré au Cirad) sur ce thème afin de déterminer la quantité de lumière délivrée par chaque système sylvicole, la quantité optimale de lumière demandée par chaque espèce étudiée et l’effet de l’illumination latérale. Ces études utilisent des calculs graphiques, des mesures aux instruments, et des dispositifs expérimentaux particuliers.
Sylviculture tropicale en forêt dense africaine 5e partie : perspectives d'aménagement
Authors: Catinot René
Published: July 2018

L’article présente la dernière partie de l’étude sur la sylviculture en forêt dense africaine. L’auteur y décrit une nouvelle méthode, appelée la méthode « Nouvelle croissance » que le Centre technique forestier tropical (CTFT, centre technique maintenant intégré au Cirad) a pu développer au Gabon depuis 1958. L'objectif est de donner le plus de lumière possible aux jeunes arbres plantés tout en maintenant une ambiance forestière acceptable par le soin et l'entretien des nouvelles espèces d'ombrage. Dans la conclusion, il compare les coûts et les rendements des différentes méthodes sylvicoles employées dans les forêts tropicales humides, et il fait le point sur la situation actuelle et les perspectives d’avenir.
Giurisprudenza e responsabilità morale: Il "Buon Giudice" Magnaud = Jurisprudence and moral responsibility: "The Good Judge" Magnaud
Authors: Robertazzi Mariella
Published: July 2018

RIASSUNTO: Paul Magnaud, magistrato e politico francese operante tra la fine del XIX e gli inizi del XX secolo e divenuto noto con l'appellativo di "bon juge", ci offre l'opportunità di riflettere su un nodo ineliminabile della teoria e della prassi giuridica: il rapporto tra legge ed equitá, tra certezza del diritto ed esigenze di giustizia. Nel saggio vengono ricostruiti i casi principali di cui egli si occupò quando era presidente del Tribunale di Chateâu-Thierry al fine di riportare alla luce un episodio della storia del diritto che può dire ancora molto al dibattito giuridico e politico contemporaneo.ABSTRACT: Paul Magnaud, who was a French politician and magistrate, mainly active between the end of 19thand the beginning of 20th century and known as the “bon juge” provides the opportunity to reflect on an unavoidable issue concerning both legal theory and practice. The specific object of that focuses on the correlation between law and fairness, as well as, legal certainty and need of justice. This essay will retrace the most important legal cases he dealt with, when he was the president of the court of Chateâu-Thierry, in order to shed light on a specific case, pertaining to the annals of the history of law, which can enhance the current judicial and political debate.PAROLE CHIAVE: legge, equità, certezza del diritto, giustizia.KEYWORDS: law, fairness, legal certainty, justice.
In Vitro Activity of 3 Commercial Bacteriophage Cocktails Against Salmonella and Shigella spp. Isolates of Human Origin
Authors: Bernasconi Odette J. , Donà Valentina , Tinguely Regula , Endimiani Andrea
Published: July 2018

Background: Salmonella and Shigella spp. are 2 of the most frequent and deadly enteric bacterial pathogens recorded worldwide. In developing countries Salmonella infections are responsible for many deaths annually and these mortality rates are prone to increase due to the emergence of resistance to antibiotics. In this overall scenario new alternative therapeutic approaches are needed.Methods: For the first time, we investigated the activity of 3 commercial bacteriophage cocktails (INTESTI, Septaphage, PYO) against a collection of contemporary Salmonella spp. (n = 30) and Shigella spp. (n = 20) strains isolated in Switzerland. Phage susceptibility was determined by implementing the spot test.Results: The overall susceptibility of Salmonella spp. to INTESTI and Septaphage was 87% and 77%, respectively. With regard to Shigella spp., the overall susceptibility to INTESTI and Septaphage was 95% and 55%, respectively. PYOwas observed to be active against only 10% of Salmonella spp. but against 95% of Shigella spp.Conclusions: Our results seem promising, especially for the INTESTI biopreparation against Salmonella enterica infections. Nevertheless, such speculation should be supported by further in vivo studies to confirm efficacy and safety of the cocktails. We also emphasize the importance of large in vitro screening analyses aimed to assess the activity of such biopreparations against contemporary multidrug-resistant strains that are emerging worldwide.Keywords: commercial; bacteriophages; Salmonella; Shigella cocktails
Representación social de la imagen de la enfermera peruana.
Authors: Merino Lozano Alicia Lourdes
Published: July 2018

Objetivos: describir y analizar las representaciones sociales que tiene la población peruana sobre la imagen de la enfermera. Material y métodos: el abordaje fue cuali-cuantitativo, basado en la teoría de las representaciones sociales de Serge Moscovici. Fueron entrevistados en Lima y Huancayo 20 profesionales del equipo de salud, 20 usuarios de los servicios de salud y 20 personas que conformó el público en general; se aplicó la escala diferencial semántico a 60 participantes similares a los entrevistados. Resultados: del equipo de salud, emergieron cinco categorías: profesión dependiente, sacrificada, que cuida y atiende necesidades, con sentido social y que requiere mayor capacitación. De los usuarios de salud emergieron seis categorías: profesión valorada, sacrificada, maltratada, dependiente, con sensibilidad humana, que brinda cuidado. De las declaraciones del público en general, emergieron cinco categorías: carrera profesional dependiente, que atiende a los pacientes, humana y sacrificada. Conclusiones: Las representaciones sociales sobre la imagen de la enfermera peruana emergida de la presente investigación son las siguientes: Representaciones hegemónicas imagen de profesional sacrificada, dependiente, que brinda cuidado y atiende necesidades del paciente, con sensibilidad humana y sentido social; Representaciones emancipadas imagen de profesión valorada, que requiere mayor capacitación; Representación polémica imagen de profesional maltratada. La imagen de la profesión de Enfermería vista desde la escala diferencial semántico revela que es una profesión muy importante y valiosa, pero, a su vez, es poco valorada y dependiente. La imagen de la enfermera desde la representación social de la población es caracterizada como solidaria, honrada, respetuosa, justa, comprensiva y amable. La imagen de la enfermera en el cuidado que brinda es eficiente.
Calidad de la atención en salud a la mujer con aborto espontáneo: Revisión de la literatura
Authors: Meneses Parra Angy Lorena , Guarnizo-Tole Mildred , Díaz Morales Karina
Published: July 2018

Objetivos: realizar la caracterización de la literatura disponible en torno a la calidad de la atención proporcionada por el personal de salud a la mujer que vive un aborto espontáneo. Metodología: se efectuó la búsqueda de la literatura en las bases de datos de PUBMED, ProQuest, BioMed Central, Science Direct y Clinical Key en el periodo de tiempo comprendido entre 2010-2017. Adicionalmente, fueron implementados listados de verificación para evaluar la calidad de la información dispuesta en las publicaciones seleccionadas; solo fueron incluidas las piezas que sobrepasaron el percentil 75. Resultados: se identificaron cuatro categorías temáticas relacionadas con el fenómeno de estudio, que para este caso hicieron referencia a la atención integral, la comunicación y educación para la salud, la actitud del personal, sumado al ambiente físico bajo el cual se desarrolla la atención de la mujer que vive un aborto espontáneo. Conclusiones: se encontró un consenso sobre determinados factores a tener en cuenta en el momento de proporcionar atención, porque permiten mejorar la satisfacción con respecto a la calidad de la atención dada a la mujer ante un aborto espontáneo. En primera instancia, se resalta la necesidad de proporcionar una atención integral con alto nivel de humanización y de apoyo emocional, que involucre la participación activa de la mujer y su grupo familiar en el afrontamiento de esta difícil condición.
White-Tailed Sea Eagle (Haliaeetus Albicilla) Die-Off due to Infection with Highly Pathogenic Influenza Virus, Subtype H5N8, in Germany
Authors: Krone Oliver , Globig Anja , Ulrich Reiner , Harder Timm , Schinköthe Jan , Herrmann Christof , Gerst Sascha , Conraths Franz J. , Beer Martin
Published: July 2018

In contrast to previous incursions of highly pathogenic H5 viruses, H5N8 clade 2.3.4.4b caused numerous lethal infections in white-tailed sea eagles (Haliaeetus albicilla) in Germany during the winter 2016/2017. Until April 2017, 17 HPAIV H5N8-positive white-tailed sea eagles had been detected (three alive and 14 dead). Mainly young eagles died (before reaching the adult plumage at 5 years), often with severe neurological symptoms, where histopathology revealed mild to moderate, oligo- to multifocal necrotizing polioencephalitis. Lethal lead (Pb) concentrations, proven as main mortality factor of the sea eagles could be ruled out since values measured in liver or kidney tissue were all within background levels (< 1 ppm). Since the fall of 2016, the epizootic of HPAIV H5 clade 2.3.4.4b reportedly induced, for the first time, fatal disease in European white-tailed see eagles. The virus strain may become a new threat to a highly protected species across its distribution range in Eurasia. Positive cloacal swaps have proven that the eagles can spread the virus with their faeces.
The Ex-Situ Bioremediation Kinetics of Raw and Treated Crude Oil Polluted Soil Using Aspergillus Niger and Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
Authors: Ojewumi Modupe , Ejemen Valentina
Published: July 2018

The study was done to investigate the kinetics of first order bioremediation. The effectiveness of remediating soils polluted with raw crude oil and treated crude oil using Aspergillus niger (fungi) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (bacteria) were investigated. Eight systems of 500g soil sample were polluted with both raw and treated crude oil. Four systems were polluted with 40g treated crude oil while the other remaining four systems were polluted with 40g raw crude oil. Two systems with raw crude and treated crude were left as control (RCC and TCC). Raw crude samples were treated with Aspergillus niger only (RCA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (RCP) while treated crude samples were also treated with same (TCA) and (TCP) only. The last two systems were treated with both Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Aspergillus niger (RCAP and TCAP). The first order bioremediation kinetics and biostimulant efficiency for these systems were studied by monitoring Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH). At the end of the bioremediation period, the results obtained showed that treated crude oil polluted soil generally remediated faster and better than raw crude oil polluted soil. The highest level of bioremediation occurred in systems amended with both Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Aspergillus niger which had about 98% TPH decrease.
UAV Remote Sensing for Biodiversity Monitoring: Are Forest Canopy Gaps Good Covariates?
Authors: Bagaram Martin B. , Giuliarelli Diego , Chirici Gherardo , Giannetti Francesca , Barbati Anna
Published: July 2018

Forest canopy gaps are important for the ecosystem dynamics. Depending on tree species, small canopy openings might be also associated to intra-crown porosity and to space between crowns. Yet, little is known on the relationships between the fine-scaled pattern of canopy openings and biodiversity features. This research explored the possibility of i)- mapping forest canopy gaps from a very high resolution orthomosaic (10 cm), processed from a versatile imaging platform such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), ii)- to derive patch metrics that can be tested as covariates of variables of interest for forest biodiversity monitoring. This is attempted in a test area of 240 ha covered by temperate deciduous forest types in Central Italy and containing 50 forest inventory plots of about 530 m2. Correlation and linear regression techniques were used to explore relationships between patch metrics and understorey (density, development and species diversity) or forest habitat biodiversity variables (density of micro-habitat bearing trees, vertical species profile, tree species diversity). The results revealed that small openings in the canopy cover (75% smaller than 7 m2) can be faithfully extracted from UAV RGB imagery, using the red band and contrast split segmentation. Highest correlations were observed in the mixed forest (beech and turkey oak), while beech forest had the poorest ones and turkey oak forest displayed intermediate results. Moderate to strong linear relationships were found between gap metrics and understorey variables in mixed forest type, with adjusted R2 from linear regression ranging from 0.52 to 0.87. Equally good results, in the same forest types, were observed for forest habitat biodiversity variables (0.52<adjusted R2<0.79) with highest values found for density of trees with microhabitats and vertical species profile. In conclusion, this research highlights that UAV remote sensing can potentially provide covariate surfaces of variables of interest for forest biodiversity monitoring, conventionally collected in forest inventory plots. By integrating the two sources of data, these variables can be mapped over small forest areas with satisfactory levels of accuracy, at a much higher spatial resolution than would be possible by field-based forest inventory solely.
High-dimensional Probabilistic Fingerprinting in Wireless Sensor Networks based on a Multivariate Gaussian Mixture Model
Authors: Li Yan , Williams Simon , Moran Bill , Kealy Allison , Retscher Guenther
Published: July 2018

The extensive deployment of wireless infrastructure provides a low-cost way to track mobile users in indoor environment. This paper demonstrates a prototype model of an accurate and reliable room location awareness system in a real public environment, where three typical problems arise. First, a massive number of access points (APs) can be sensed leading to a high-dimensional classification problem. Second, heterogeneous devices record different received signal strength (RSS) levels due to the variations in chip-set and antenna attenuation. Third, APs are not necessarily visible in every scanning cycle leading to missing data. This paper presents a probabilistic Wi-Fi fingerprinting method in a hidden Markov model (HMM) framework for mobile user tracking. Considering the spatial correlation of the signal strengths from multiple APs, a Multivariate Gaussian Mixture Model (MVGMM) is fitted to model the probability distribution of RSS measurements in each cell. Furthermore, the unseen property of invisible AP has been investigated in this research, and demonstrated the efficiency of differentiation between cells. The proposed system is able to achieve comparable localization performance. The filed test results present a reliable 97% localization room level accuracy of multiple mobile users in a real university campus WiFi network without any prior knowledge of the environment.
State of the Art of Automated Buses
Authors: Ainsalu Jaagup , Arffman Ville , Bellone Mauro , Ellner Maximilian , Haapamäki Taina , Haavisto Noora , Josefson Ebba , Ismailogullari Azat , Pilli-Sihvola Eetu , Madland Olav , Madzulaitis Raitis , Muur Jaanus , Mäkinen Sami , Nousiainen Ville , Rutanen Eetu , Sahala Sami , Schønfeldt Boris , Smolnicki Piotr Marek , Soe Ralf-Martin , Sääski Juha , Szymańska Magdalena , Vaskinn Ingar , Åman Milla
Published: July 2018

Urban transportation in the next few decades will shift worldwide towards electrification and automation, with the final aim of increasing energy efficiency and safety for passengers. Such a big change requires strong collaboration and efforts among public administration, research and stakeholders in developing, testing and promoting these technologies in the public transportation. Working in this direction, in the present work the impact of the introduction of driverless electric minibuses, for the first and last mile transportation, in the public service is studied. More specifically, this paper covers a state of the art in terms of technological background for automation, energy efficiency via electrification, and the current state of the legal framework in Europe with focus on the Baltic Sea Region.
PENGARUH ASSESMEN PORTOFOLIO DAN USIA TERHADAP PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN KEAKSARAAN BAGI WARGA BELAJAR KEAKSARAAN FUNGSIONAL
Authors: Kahar Abdul
Published: July 2018

The objective of the research is to know the differences in reading and writing achievement between non-formal participants with conventional evaluation and those with portfolio evaluation treatment and between those of 15 years age or under and those of above 15 years age or above, and the interaction type of evaluation and age variable. The design of this research used Factorial Experiment 2X2. Research population covered all of those who learnt at Community Learning Activities Center in Makassar. Eighty respondents were selected by multi stage random sampling. Data on reading and writing learning achievement were obtained using a test and analyzed using descriptive statistic analysis and inferential analysis with Multivariate Analysis of Variants (two-way MANOVA). The research conducted in 2005 indicates that there are significant differences in reading and writing achievement between non-formal participants with conventional evaluation and those with portfolio evaluation treatment and between those of 15 years age or under and those of above 15 years age or above. These findings imply that in implementing functional literacy program, the application of different evaluation models to different age group need to be considered.
KELEMBAGAAN PUSAT KEGIATAN BELAJAR MASYARAKAT SEBAGAI AGEN PENGEMBANGAN MASYARAKAT
Authors: Tohani Entoh
Published: July 2018

The research was conducted to evaluate the performance of Community Learning Activities Center (CLAC) as an educational institution in empowering community. The research which is an evaluative study using the Stakes‘s evaluation model, took place at CLACs in Bantul, Yogyakarta Province. The findings show, firstly, each function of the CLACs has been put into practices. However, the implementation is not done effectively based on the criteria. It indicates that the performance is not organized professionally. Secondly, the CLACs have been able to produce meaningful learning outcomes such as creating positive behavior changes of targeted individuals or communities. However, the CLACs do not assign a greater impact on broader and multidimensional context of community empowerment.. Thirdly, there are threats that give negative influences on the implementation of the CLACs in terms of structural, interactional, and cultural aspects resulted from both internal and external environment of the CLAC institution. Therefore, bases on the findings, in the future the development of the CLACs should be planned and oriented to create the community toward more developed and comprehensive aspects of lives accompanied with the continuous development of strong commitment from stakeholders.
Nonoperative Treatments for Knee Osteoarthritis: An Evaluation of Treatment Characteristics and the Intra-Articular Placebo Effect
Authors: Vannabouathong Christopher , Bhandari Mohit , Bedi Asheesh , Khanna Vickas , Yung Patrick , Shetty Vijay , Khan Moin
Published: July 2018

Background:

Guidelines recommending various nonoperative treatments for patients with knee osteoarthritis remain inconsistent. Much of this controversy relates to what constitutes a clinically important effect. The purposes of the present study were to compare treatment effect sizes from recent meta-analyses evaluating pharmacological or medical device interventions for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis and to further assess the clinical impact that the intra-articular placebo effect may have on intra-articular injection therapies.

Methods:

A search of PubMed, MEDLINE, and Embase from the inception date of each database through May 30, 2017 was conducted for all articles involving meta-analyses of pharmacological or medical device knee osteoarthritis treatments compared with controls. Two reviewers independently screened articles for eligibility and extracted data for analysis. We present effect estimates on a standardized mean difference (SMD) scale and compare them all against a threshold for clinical importance of 0.50 standard deviation (SD) unit.

Results:

Ten meta-analyses (sample size range, 110 to 39,814) providing a total of 19 different effect sizes for pain were included in this review. SMD estimates ranged from 0.08 to 0.79 for various electrical modalities, orthotic devices, topical and oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), dietary supplements, and intra-articular injection therapies. Seventeen treatments demonstrated significant improvements in terms of pain when patients who had received treatment were compared with controls. After accounting for the intra-articular placebo effect, the greatest effect estimates were those of intra-articular platelet-rich plasma and high molecular weight hyaluronic acid. When these were judged according to our threshold for clinical importance, high molecular weight intra-articular hyaluronic acid was found to have the most precise effect estimate that surpassed this threshold. Platelet-rich plasma was found to provide the greatest point estimate of the treatment effect, but the precision around this estimate had the largest amount of uncertainty across all treatments.

Conclusions:

While many nonoperative treatments demonstrated significant improvements in pain, we found the greatest effect estimates for intra-articular treatments. While platelet-rich plasma provided the greatest point estimate of the treatment effect, variability among studies suggests that future research into optimal formulations is required. The strongest current evidence supports clinically important and significant treatment effects with intra-articular hyaluronic acid formulations between 1,500 and >6,000 kDa.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Economic appraisal of fish cultre: A case study from Gomati District in Tripura
Authors: Mog Ruben , Singh Ram , Feroze S. M.
Published: July 2018

Fish cultivation has been recognised as an emerging enterprise in India particularly in North-eastern states like Tripura. It is considered to be an important economic activity for generating income and gainful employment of rural people in Tripura. The present study examined the economic viability of fish culture in Gomati District of Tripura and the results revealed that the enterprise is quite profitable which requires a huge investment. The study recommends extending more research and development in this sector to enhance the area and production for ensuring sustainable livelihood and income to the farmers of the state.
Length-weight relationship and growth parameters of moonfish Mene maculata (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) from Karnataka Coast, India
Authors: Viswambharan Divya , Rohit Pratibha , Joshi K. K. , Thomas Sujitha , Shenoy Latha , Jaiswar A. K.
Published: July 2018

The present study aimed to elucidate the length-weight relationship and growth parameters of the moonfish Mene maculata (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) along the Karnataka Coast. The species showed positive allometric growth with pooled ‘b’ value of 3.390 which is significantly greater than 3 (p<0.05) level. The “b” values of males (3.316) and females (3.440) showed significant difference from that of the indeterminates (2.90). The annual growth parameters estimated for moonfish off Karnataka Coast were: L∞ = 29.1 cm and K = 1.014 yr-1.
Development of integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) for tropical brackishwater species in Sindhudurg District, Maharashtra, west coast of India
Authors: Balasubramanian C. P. , Mhaskar Shailesh S. , Sukumaran Krishna , Panigrahi A. , Vasagam Kurmaraguru , Kumararaja P. , Thigale Durga , Sawant Rohit , Vijayan K. K. , Vasusdevan N.
Published: July 2018

Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA), farming of species from different trophic levels and with complimentary ecosystem function, is regarded as a suitable approach to develop a sustainable aquaculture system. In order to establish an IMTA system, a study was carried out in Sindhudurg District, Maharashtra, India for selected tropical brackish-water species. Two equal sized pens (250 m2) were constructed for IMTA and control respectively in each land based system and open water cages were set in the estuary. Different combinations of fed species (Chanos chanos, Etroplus suratensis, Mugil cephalus, Penaeus indicus) and an extractive crop (Crassostrea madrasensis) were stocked in IMTA experimental system whereas monoculture of P. indicus served as control. Water quality characteristics were found to be within the admissible limits. Soil organic carbon was found to be lesser in the IMTA system compared to control. The productivity of IMTA system was higher than control: 3250 kg h-1 vs 2000 kg ha-1. Further, income and benefit-cost ratio was found to be higher in IMTA pens. The present study concludes that IMTA is a possible option for system diversification as well as species diversification without compromising economic profitability of culture.
ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL RADIATION HAZARD OF THE FORMER URANIUM FACILITIES FOR THE POPULATION OF THE ISTIKLOL CITY OF THE REPUBLIC OF TADZHIKISTAN
Authors: Nazarov Kh. M. , Ermatov K. A. , Salomov D. A. , Bahronov S. M. , Mirsaidov U. M.
Published: July 2018

The article presents the results of alpha, gamma spectrometric analyzes of samples, dosimetry, radon monitoring of the estimated areas in the Istiklol city. It has been established that the specific activity of radionuclides for uranium and radium in the tailing materials are in the range: 1405 – 2140, 5935 – 9843 Bq / kg, respectively. Based on the results of the monitoring of gamma radiation and radon volume activity at Istiklol city sites, it has been established that gamma radiation ambient equivalent dose rate varies from 0.52 to 1.78 μSv / h, and radon volume activity in air ranges from 20 and 45 Bq / m3. It is shown that the radon concentration in the air above the surface of tailings is not high. However, the exhalation of radon from the soil surface of all the tailings dumps examined is above the standard (1 Bq / (m2·s). The results of measurements of radon volume activity in the air of residential buildings and facilities located on the territory of Istiklol city have shown that the value of radon volume activity is within the limits of 44 – 195 Bq / m3. A high value of radon volume activity is noted in the former dilapidated plant (1319 Bq / m3). Gamma and alpha spectrometric studies revealed that the average values   of the activity concentration of uranium and radium in the soils for tailings and the pit are for 234U – 65365 Bq / kg, for 238U – 50295 Bq / kg, and for 226Ra – 3800 Bq / kg. To estimate the doses of population irradiation via the water pathway were taken the average values   of the volumetric activity of 234U, 238U, 226Ra in the waters. Maximum values   of volumetric activity of radionuclides were observed in samples of drainage water, Bq / m3: 234U – 530000, 238U – 390000, 226Ra – 185. To calculate the contributions of various radiation factors to an additional annual dose of irradiation, the population was divided into four hypothetical groups. The time duration of stay of various hypothetical population groups in the areas of potential irradiation, radiation dose due to water use from contaminated water sources and additional factors in Istiklol were taken into account.The main contributor to the additional radiation dose received by hypothetical population groups is external irradiation during the stay on the territory of the FBR and tailing dumps, and internal irradiation due to the use of contaminated water.
Stress and stress-induced disorders in children
Authors: Zakharova I. N. , Tvorogova T. M. , Pshenichnikova I. I. , Svintsitskaya V. I. , Stepurina L. L.
Published: July 2018

Stress is one of the main reasons for the exponential growth of most chronic non-infectious diseases. The stress response is a genetically determined nonspecific adaptive mechanism. However, if it is an overly intense and prolonged, it becomes a risk factor for the pathogenesis of cardiovascular and oncological diseases, immunodeficiencies, digestive tract diseases and other pathological conditions. Studies have shown that magnesium deficiency, which develops against the background of stress, repeatedly intensifies its negative manifestations. Magnesium preparations make up the basis of therapeutic and rehabilitation activities in children experiencing stress. Timely correction of magnesium deficiency can increase the resistance against the action of stressors, neutralize or mitigate their damaging effect, and also prevent the development of stress-induced pathology.
Professor N.S. Tyurina: founder of the Scientific and Practical School of Pediatricians in the Southern Urals (on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of his birth)
Authors: Lupan I. N.
Published: July 2018

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