bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mutating ENSO Impact on Northwest Pacific Tropical Cyclones Under Global Warming
Authors: Shi Liang , Zhan Ruifen , Zhao Jiuwei , Kug Jong‐Seong
Published: December 2023

A prominent feature of the western North Pacific tropical cyclone genesis frequency (TCGF) anomaly in response to El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a distinct west‐east dipole structure in the present‐day (PD) climate. Here, large ensemble high‐resolution simulations show that the current dipole may transform into a monopole under global warming (GW). In the PD climate, the ENSO‐induced dipole effect on TCGF is mainly observed in late autumn. However, GW accelerates this effect into the summer by amplifying atmospheric circulation anomalies. Consequently, this leads to a significant increase in the coastal TCGF during the development phase of El Niño under GW. Meanwhile, it weakens the anomalous anticyclonic circulation during late autumn, leading to an increase in coastal TCGF during the mature phase of El Niño, and vice versa. Therefore, the combined effect suggests a potential trend toward spatial homogenization during ENSO phases under GW.
Vehicle-to-vehicle cooperative driving model considering end-to-end delay of communication network
Authors: Kang Yi-rong , Chen Yijun , Tian Chuan
Published: December 2023

To explore the mechanism of the end-to-end transmission delay of the communication network on the collaborative driving process for traffic flow in the vehicle-to-vehicle communication environment, based on the idea of the car-following model, this paper introduces characteristic parameters characterizing the end-to-end transmission delay of the network into Newell's following model and proposes a CD and OV model by considering the time delay characteristics of the collaborative driving process from information transmission to control decision and then to physical execution. To determine the cooperative driving system's stability criterion, the stability analysis of the new model is examined. By using the reductive perturbation approach, the spatiotemporal evolution mechanism of the traffic flow around the critical stability point under the influence of various transmission delays is analyzed. The resulting modified Korteweg-de Vries (mKdV) equations and density wave solutions are derived. The results show that the end-to-end transmission delay of the network has a significant shock effect on the stability of the vehicle-vehicle cooperative driving system, and the stability of the traffic flow and the ability to suppress traffic congestion becomes worse with the increase in the end-to-end transmission delay.
Magnetohydrodynamics and viscosity variation in couple stress squeeze film lubrication between rough flat and curved circular plates
Authors: Byeon Haewon , Latha Y. L. , Hanumagowda B. N. , Govindan Vediyappan , Salma A. , Abdullaev Sherzod , Tawade Jagadish. V. , Awwad Fuad A. , Ismail Emad A. A.
Published: December 2023

A simplified mathematical model has been developed for understanding combined effects of surface roughness, viscosity variation and couple stresses on the squeeze film behaviour of a flat and a curved circular plate in the presence of transverse magnetic field. The Stokes (1966) couple stress fluid model is included to account for the couple stresses arising due to the presence of microstructure additives in the lubricant. In the context of Christensen’s (1969) stochastic theory for the lubrication of rough surfaces, two types of one-dimensional roughness patterns (radial and azimuthal) are considered. The governing modified stochastic Reynolds type equations are derived for these roughness patterns. Expressions for the mean squeeze film characteristics are obtained. Numerical computations of the results show that the azimuthal roughness pattern on the curved circular and flat plate results in more pressure buildup whereas performance of the squeeze film suffers due to the radial roughness pattern. Further the Lorentz force characterized by the Hartmann number, couple stress parameter and viscosity variation parameter improve the performance of the squeeze film lubrication as compared to the classical case (Non-magnetic, Newtonian case and non-viscous case).
Exponential feedback effects in a parametric resonance climate model
Authors: Caccamo Maria Teresa , Magazù Salvatore
Published: December 2023

The variations in the distribution of solar radiation due to the  ~ 105 years Milankovitch cycle, which is connected to the Earth eccentricity variation, cannot explain the sharp drop in temperature of 6 °C ÷ 10 °C that marks the transition from the interglacial to the glacial age registered in the last ~ 5.5 106 years temperature variation behavior. More specifically, neglecting other effects, only a temperature variation of 0.2 °C ÷ 0.3 °C can be attributed to this cycle and, therefore, positive feedback effects should be taken into account to explain the registered effect. In the present work, a comparative Wavelet-Fourier analysis of the Vostok recontructed temperature record, for which different sampling steps are taken into account, is performed. Then, a study of exponential feedback effects within a climate parametric resonance model is dealt and discussed. The obtained findings put into evidence an exponential amplification of the temperature variation from the interglacial to the glacial age supporting the hypothesis that the system energization be connected to periodic variations in the internal solar system parameters. More in details, it is shown that, following the parametric resonance climate model, even small oscillations increase over time proportionally to the system energy itself, i.e. exponentially, and hence, a series of connected resonances is able to energize the climate system.
Leveraging stylometry analysis to identify unique characteristics of peer support user groups in online mental health forums
Authors: Kang Yong-Bin , McCosker Anthony , Farmer Jane
Published: December 2023

Online peer support mental health forums provide an effective and accessible form of support, augmenting scarce clinical and face-to-face assistance. However, to enhance their effectiveness, it is essential to understand the unique characteristics of peer support user groups, and how they participate, contribute and communicate in these forums. This paper proposes and tests a novel approach that leverages stylometry analysis to uncover the unique characteristics of peer support user groups in such forums. Our approach identifies how each group empowers and supports other users, and what distinguishes them from others. The analysis shows that emotion-related words are crucial in identifying and distinguishing user groups based on their writing style. Comparative analysis of emotion expressions across user groups also uncovers the significance of emotional content in these forums in promoting mental well-being. Valued ‘senior contributors’ were more likely than all other groups including trained community guides to use a wide range of both positive and negative emotions in their posts. These findings have significant implications for improving the training of peer-mentors and moderators, scaling forum services, and improving guidelines for emotional expression among peer support users. Our approach presents an objective approach to differentiating the characteristics and communication patterns of valued senior contributors, mentors, and guides, enabling service providers to foster the kinds of communication that supports positive outcomes for distressed users.
Silylation of 2H-indazoles by photoinduced hydrogen atom transfer catalysis
Authors: Das Krishna Kanta , Hajra Alakananda
Published: December 2023

Herein, we report a metal-free, visible-light-mediated C–H silylation of 2H-indazoles with triphenylsilane via a photoinduced HAT process.
Adaptive neural tracking control for upper limb rehabilitation robot with output constraints
Authors: Zhang Zibin , Cui Pengbo , An Aimin
Published: December 2023

The authors investigate the trajectory tracking control problem of an upper limb rehabilitation robot system with unknown dynamics. To address the system's uncertainties and improve the tracking accuracy of the rehabilitation robot, an adaptive neural full‐state feedback control is proposed. The neural network is utilised to approximate the dynamics that are not fully modelled and adapt to the interaction between the upper limb rehabilitation robot and the patient. By incorporating a high‐gain observer, unmeasurable state information is integrated into the output feedback control. Taking into consideration the issue of joint position constraints during the actual rehabilitation training process, an adaptive neural full‐state and output feedback control scheme with output constraint is further designed. From the perspective of safety in human–robot interaction during rehabilitation training, log‐type barrier Lyapunov function is introduced in the output constraint controller to ensure that the output remains within the predefined constraint region. The stability of the closed‐loop system is proved by Lyapunov stability theory. The effectiveness of the proposed control scheme is validated by applying it to an upper limb rehabilitation robot through simulations.
Research on a Ka‐band large‐orbit gyro‐TWT with periodic dielectric‐loaded structure
Authors: Jintao Yang , Efeng Wang , Chaojun Lei , Qixiang Zhao , Jinjun Feng , Zihan Lei , Xu Zeng
Published: December 2023

This paper presents a design of a gyro‐TWT operating in the large‐orbit electron beam mode, with the aim of reducing the working magnetic field while ensuring operational efficiency. The periodic dielectric‐loaded structure, which has been successfully applied in the development of small‐orbit devices, is adopted as the high‐frequency interaction circuit. This paper conducts a comprehensive study and analysis of this structure and achieves stable operation in the Ka‐band after the optimization of the tube. This tube works at second harmonic of electron frequency in the mode of large‐orbit electron beam. The required magnetic field is only 5100 gauss, which can be generated using electromagnetic coils instead of superconducting magnets. The operational parameters include voltage of 75 kV, current of 9A, and velocity spread of 3.5%. Under these conditions, the device presents stable operation, with −3 dB bandwidth of 4.3 GHz, and maximum output power of 165 kW. This result meets the expected requirements for magnetic field and operational efficiency, thus validating the feasibility of practical fabrication of large‐orbit gyro‐TWT with periodic dielectric‐loaded structure.
Exploring the Latest Highlights in Medical Natural Language Processing across Multiple Languages: A Survey
Authors: Shaitarova Anastassia , Zaghir Jamil , Lavelli Alberto , Krauthammer Michael , Rinaldi Fabio
Published: December 2023

Objectives: This survey aims to provide an overview of the current state of biomedical and clinical Natural Language Processing (NLP) research and practice in Languages other than English (LoE). We pay special attention to data resources, language models, and popular NLP downstream tasks.

Methods: We explore the literature on clinical and biomedical NLP from the years 2020-2022, focusing on the challenges of multilinguality and LoE. We query online databases and manually select relevant publications. We also use recent NLP review papers to identify the possible information lacunae.

Results: Our work confirms the recent trend towards the use of transformer-based language models for a variety of NLP tasks in medical domains. In addition, there has been an increase in the availability of annotated datasets for clinical NLP in LoE, particularly in European languages such as Spanish, German and French. Common NLP tasks addressed in medical NLP research in LoE include information extraction, named entity recognition, normalization, linking, and negation detection. However, there is still a need for the development of annotated datasets and models specifically tailored to the unique characteristics and challenges of medical text in some of these languages, especially low-resources ones. Lastly, this survey highlights the progress of medical NLP in LoE, and helps at identifying opportunities for future research and development in this field.
Molecular Docking Insights of Newly Synthesized Schiff Base Monomers and Evaluating the Anticancer Activity of Their Polymers
Authors: Ibrahim A. Mohammed , Shabeer T.K.
Published: December 2023

Introduction

The molecular docking technique has shown efficacy with small molecules but faces challenges when applied to macromolecules. To overcome this limitation, a focused approach targeting the active repeat units (monomers) of macromolecules was adopted. This study synthesized ten new dihydroxy Schiff base monomers (SBM1-SBM10) featuring azo moieties and alkoxy side groups. These were attached to human 3-alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 3 (4XO6), a protein linked to breast cancer, using molecular docking via the AutoDock tool.

Materials and Methods

The synthesis of dihydroxy Schiff base monomers SBM1-SBM10 with azo moieties and alkoxy side groups was carried out. These synthesized monomers were then docked with human 3-alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 3 (4XO6) utilizing AutoDock. Among these, the most promisingly docked monomer, SBM8, was selected for further experimentation. SBM8 was polymerized with terephthaloyl chloride to produce a novel polyester termed PolySyringaldehydeDiaminodiphenylSulfone (PSDS). The anticancer activity of PSDS was assessed using the MCF7 human breast cancer cell line. Concurrently, its cytotoxicity was evaluated via the MTT assay employing a normal VERO cell line.

Results

The molecular docking analysis revealed the best-docked monomer, SBM8, which was subsequently used for the synthesis of PSDS. The newly formed polyester, PSDS, demonstrated significant anticancer properties against the MCF7 human breast cancer cell line. Simultaneously, the cytotoxicity evaluation on the normal VERO cell line indicated a favorable safety profile for PSDS.

Conclusion

The study's findings highlight the successful synthesis and docking of dihydroxy Schiff base monomers with 4XO6, resulting in the creation of PSDS. This newly synthesized polyester, PSDS, exhibited promising anticancer activity against the MCF7 cell line while demonstrating minimal cytotoxicity towards normal VERO cells. These results suggest the potential of PSDS as a targeted therapeutic agent against breast cancer, warranting further investigation and development.
Operational and Performance Experience with uMI550 Digital PET-CT during Routine Quality Control Procedures
Authors: Singh Manoj Kumar , Mohan V. Sai Krishna , Kaushik Chanchal
Published: December 2023

Introduction The quality control (QC) procedures for positron emission tomography (PET) scanners are covered by National Electrical Manufacturers Association and International Electrotechnical Commission. QC must be carried out at regular intervals according to the specifications of the scanner manufacturer. Daily and weekly QC plays a valuable role in monitoring positron emission tomography (PET) scanner performance changes. This study shares operational and performance experience of QC procedures that do not require a radioactive Ge-68 source to perform daily QC and experience with fluorodeoxyglucose F18 (18F-FDG) as a substitute for germanium-68/sodium-22 (Ge-68/Na-22) source for weekly QC.

Method This study was performed on an uMI550 digital positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) scanner. In this scanner daily QC checks system temperature and humidity, system count rate, data link status, and voltage. QC was performed at the console control, the position of the scanner table was in the home position pulled out from the gantry, and the room was closed during the quick QC. Weekly full QC check items include look-up table drift, energy drift, time-of-flight status, C-map status, temperature and humidity, and voltage. Weekly full QC was performed with a 18F-FDG source in a rod phantom source.

Results Over 200 daily QC tests without a radioactive source Ge-68 phantom and 50 full weekly QC tests using a 18F-FDG rod phantom were performed with this scanner according to the manufacturer's instructions and a test report was generated. No daily QC errors or warnings were observed during this period.

Conclusion The new approach for the daily PET QC does not expose operators to radiation. This translates into commercial and operational merits with consistent performance and results.

Implications for Practice Reduction in radiation exposure to operating staff during QC procedure in PET-CT scanner.
Resultados radiográficos en fracturas supracondíleas humerales tipo III de Gartland
Authors: Franco Jose Humberto Rodriguez
Published: December 2023

Objetivo Evaluar las características pre y postquirúrgicas después de la reducción cerrada a los 3 meses de las fracturas supracondíleas humerales pediátricas tipo III de Gartland.

Material y métodos Estudio retrospectivo y observacional de los datos de 294 pacientes. Se identificaron edad, sexo, mecanismo de lesión, diagnóstico y clasificación de acuerdo con el sistema de Gartland. Las características radiológicas pre y posquirúrgicas a los 3 meses del tratamiento quirúrgico (ángulo de Baumann, Ángulo cóndilo-humeral, y rotación) fueron registradas y analizadas con las pruebas estadísticas t de Student, y Chi 2 de Pearson.

Resultados Se presentaron 86 pacientes con fracturas de la región del húmero distal; las supracondíleas humerales correspondieron al 75.8%. La media de presentación fue 5.2 ± 2.8 años con rango de 1 a 14 años de edad. 45.3% correspondieron al Grupo IIIB y el 48.4% al Grupo IIIA de Gartland. Según la escala de Flynn encontramos 98% de resultados buenos o excelentes. El ángulo complementario de Baumann posquirúrgico tuvo una media de 12.8 ± 4.18° (t Student:-1.94, p:0.05), y el cóndilohumeral posquirúrgico una media de 46.9 ± 10.45 (t Student: 10.68, p: < 0.001). 6 casos persistieron con rotación en el posquirúrgico (chi2: <0.0001, p: <0.001)

Discusión Los resultados del grupo de estudio concuerdan con la literatura internacional. Atribuimos la baja tasa de lesión neurológica con respecto a otros estudios por la configuración de la estabilización lateral.

Conclusiones La reducción cerrada y enclavamiento percutáneo otorga resultados satisfactorios para el tratamiento de las fracturas supracondíleas humerales tipo III de Gartland.

Nivel de evidencia: IV
Assessing Passive Leg Raise Test in Pediatric Shock Using Electrical Cardiometry
Authors: Pham Angela , Shah Nikhil R. , Chandran Shreya , Fueta Patrick , O'Daniell Estela , Burleson Jessica , Cottingham Sarah , Sari Halil , Samraj Ravi S. , Bhalala Utpal
Published: December 2023

Passive leg raise (PLR) is widely used to incite an autobolus to assess fluid responsiveness in adults; however, there is a paucity of studies exploring its utility in children. Our study aimed to analyze the efficacy of PLR in determining fluid responsiveness in children presenting with shock using electrical cardiometry. Patients in the age group of 0 to 20 years who presented in shock to our children's hospital emergency department were evaluated. Multiple hemodynamic metrics including, heart rate, systolic/diastolic blood pressure, cardiac output (CO), stroke index, stroke volume (SV), flow time corrected (FTC), and left ventricular ejection time (LVET) were recorded using the noninvasive ICON device and compared at baseline and post-PLR. A total of 68 patients had pre- and post-PLR data available for review between June and July 2022. Median age was 7 years (54% male); most common etiology was hypovolemic (67.6%) shock. Following PLR, there was no significant change in most hemodynamic parameters, including SV and CO; however, there was a significant difference in FTC (301 [pre-PLR] vs. 307 [post-PLR], p = 0.016) (ms) and LVET (232 [pre-PLR] vs. 234 [post-PLR], p = 0.014) (ms). A significantly higher proportion of children diagnosed with septic shock demonstrated fluid responsiveness (ΔSV ≥ 10% from baseline) compared with those with hypovolemic shock (p = 0.036). This study demonstrated no identifiable fluid responsiveness (ΔSV ≥ 10% from baseline) following PLR; however, a significantly higher proportion of children suffering from septic shock demonstrated fluid responsiveness compared with those with hypovolemic shock. Larger studies are needed to further assess the utility of PLR, as well as other modalities, in determining fluid responsiveness in children.
eSoil: A low-power bioelectronic growth scaffold that enhances crop seedling growth
Authors: Oikonomou Vasileios K. , Huerta Miriam , Sandéhn Alexandra , Dreier Till , Daguerre Yohann , Lim Hyungwoo , Berggren Magnus , Pavlopoulou Eleni , Näsholm Torgny , Bech Martin , Stavrinidou Eleni
Published: December 2023

Active hydroponic substrates that stimulate on demand the plant growth have not been demonstrated so far. Here, we developed the eSoil, a low-power bioelectronic growth scaffold that can provide electrical stimulation to the plants’ root system and growth environment in hydroponics settings. eSoil’s active material is an organic mixed ionic electronic conductor while its main structural component is cellulose, the most abundant biopolymer. We demonstrate that barley seedlings that are widely used for fodder grow within the eSoil with the root system integrated within its porous matrix. Simply by polarizing the eSoil, seedling growth is accelerated resulting in increase of dry weight on average by 50% after 15 d of growth. The effect is evident both on root and shoot development and occurs during the growth period after the stimulation. The stimulated plants reduce and assimilate NO
3
−
more efficiently than controls, a finding that may have implications on minimizing fertilizer use. However, more studies are required to provide a mechanistic understanding of the physical and biological processes involved. eSoil opens the pathway for the development of active hydroponic scaffolds that may increase crop yield in a sustainable manner.
Forest mosaics, not savanna corridors, dominated in Southeast Asia during the Last Glacial Maximum
Authors: Hamilton Rebecca , Amano Noel , Bradshaw Corey J. A. , Saltré Frédérik , Patalano Robert , Penny Dan , Stevenson Janelle , Wolfhagen Jesse , Roberts Patrick
Published: December 2023

The dominant paradigm is that large tracts of Southeast Asia’s lowland rainforests were replaced with a “savanna corridor” during the cooler, more seasonal climates of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) (23,000 to 19,000 y ago). This interpretation has implications for understanding the resilience of Asia’s tropical forests to projected climate change, implying a vulnerability to “savannization”. A savanna corridor is also an important foundation for archaeological interpretations of how humans moved through and settled insular Southeast Asia and Australia. Yet an up-to-date, multiproxy, and empirical examination of the palaeoecological evidence for this corridor is lacking. We conducted qualitative and statistical analyses of 59 palaeoecological records across Southeast Asia to test the evidence for LGM savannization and clarify the relationships between methods, biogeography, and ecological change in the region from the start of Late Glacial Period (119,000 y ago) to the present. The pollen records typically show montane forest persistence during the LGM, whileδ13C biomarker proxies indicate the expansion of C4-rich grasslands. We reconcile this discrepancy by hypothesizing the expansion of montane forest in the uplands and replacement of rainforest with seasonally dry tropical forest in the lowlands. We also find that smooth forest transitions between 34,000 and 2,000 y ago point to the capacity of Southeast Asia’s ecosystems both to resist and recover from climate stressors, suggesting resilience to savannization. Finally, the timing of ecological change observed in our combined datasets indicates an ‘early’ onset of the LGM in Southeast Asia from ~30,000 y ago.
From ally to accomplice: A call to action to advance LGBTQIA+ health equity
Authors: Mills Alex R , Astle Kevin N , Melín Kyle
Published: December 2023

Disclaimer

In an effort to expedite the publication of articles, AJHP is posting manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time.
Exploration and social environment affect inbreeding avoidance in a small mammal
Authors: Vandal Katherine , Garant Dany , Bergeron Patrick , Réale Denis
Published: December 2023

Individual exploration types are based on the cognitive speed-accuracy trade-off, which suggests that a higher speed of information acquisition is done by sacrificing information quality. In a mating context, fast exploration could thus increase the probability of finding mates at the cost of mating with kin or suboptimal partners. We tested this hypothesis by studying male mate choice patterns in a species with a scramble competition mating system. We used genotyping, localization by radio-collar, trapping, and repeated exploration measures from a long-term study on wild Eastern chipmunks (Tamias striatus). We predicted that, according to the speed-accuracy trade-off hypothesis, slower-thorough explorers should be choosier than faster-superficial ones, and thus avoid inbreeding. We found that slower males reproduced more often with less related females, but only on one site where variance in relatedness and female density were high. Males showed no preference for their mates’ exploration type. Our results suggest that superficial exploration decreases male choosiness and increases the risk of inbreeding, but only under decreased mate search costs due to high variance in relatedness among mates (at high density). Our findings reveal exploration-related, among-individual variance in inbreeding, highlighting the complexity of mate choice, and showing that many aspects of an individual’s life contribute to animal decision-making.
Temporal trends and patterns in initial opioid prescriptions after hospital discharge following colectomy in England over 10 years
Authors: Baamer Reham M , Humes David J , Toh Li Shean , Knaggs Roger D , Lobo Dileep N
Published: December 2023

Background

While opioid analgesics are often necessary for the management of acute postoperative pain, appropriate prescribing practices are crucial to avoid harm. The aim was to investigate the changes in the proportion of people receiving initial opioid prescriptions after hospital discharge following colectomy, and describe trends and patterns in prescription characteristics.

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort study. Patients undergoing colectomy in England between 2010 and 2019 were included using electronic health record data from linked primary (Clinical Practice Research Datalink Aurum) and secondary (Hospital Episode Statistics) care. The proportion of patients having an initial opioid prescription issued in primary care within 90 days of hospital discharge was calculated. Prescription characteristics of opioid type and formulation were described.

Results

Of 95 155 individuals undergoing colectomy, 15 503 (16.3%) received opioid prescriptions. There was a downward trend in the proportion of patients with no prior opioid exposure (opioid naive) who had a postdischarge opioid prescription (P <0.001), from 11.4% in 2010 to 6.7% in 2019 (−41.3%, P <0.001), whereas the proportions remained stable for those prescribed opioids prior to surgery, from 57.5% in 2010 to 58.3% in 2019 (P = 0.637). Codeine represented 44.5% of all prescriptions and prescribing increased by 14.5% between 2010 and 2019. Prescriptions for morphine and oxycodone rose significantly by 76.6% and 31.0% respectively, while tramadol prescribing dropped by 48.0%. The most commonly prescribed opioid formulations were immediate release (83.9%), followed by modified release (5.8%) and transdermal (3.2%). There was a modest decrease in the prescribing of immediate-release formulations from 86.0% in 2010 to 82.0% in 2019 (P <0.001).

Conclusion

Over the 10 years studied, there was a changing pattern of opioid prescribing following colectomy, with a decrease in the proportion of opioid-naive patients prescribed postdischarge opioids.
New cyclophilin D inhibitor rescues mitochondrial and cognitive function in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Samanta Sourav , Akhter Firoz , Roy Anuradha , Chen Doris , Turner Benjamin , Wang Yongfu , Clemente Nicolina , Wang Chunyu , Swerdlow Russell Howard , Battaile Kevin P , Lovell Scott , Yan Shi Fang , Yan Shirley ShiDu
Published: December 2023

Mitochondrial dysfunction is an early pathological feature of Alzheimer disease and plays a crucial role in the development and progression of Alzheimer’s disease. Strategies to rescue mitochondrial function and cognition remain to be explored. Cyclophilin D (CypD), the peptidylprolyl isomerase F (PPIase), is a key component in opening the mitochondrial membrane permeability transition pore, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death. Blocking membrane permeability transition pore opening by inhibiting CypD activity is a promising therapeutic approach for Alzheimer’s disease. However, there is currently no effective CypD inhibitor for Alzheimer’s disease, with previous candidates demonstrating high toxicity, poor ability to cross the blood–brain barrier, compromised biocompatibility and low selectivity. Here, we report a new class of non-toxic and biocompatible CypD inhibitor, ebselen, using a conventional PPIase assay to screen a library of ∼2000 FDA-approved drugs with crystallographic analysis of the CypD-ebselen crystal structure (PDB code: 8EJX). More importantly, we assessed the effects of genetic and pharmacological blockade of CypD on Alzheimer’s disease mitochondrial and glycolytic bioenergetics in Alzheimer’s disease-derived mitochondrial cybrid cells, an ex vivo human sporadic Alzheimer’s disease mitochondrial model, and on synaptic function, inflammatory response and learning and memory in Alzheimer’s disease mouse models.

Inhibition of CypD by ebselen protects against sporadic Alzheimer’s disease- and amyloid-β-induced mitochondrial and glycolytic perturbation, synaptic and cognitive dysfunction, together with suppressing neuroinflammation in the brain of Alzheimer’s disease mouse models, which is linked to CypD-related membrane permeability transition pore formation.

Thus, CypD inhibitors have the potential to slow the progression of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, by boosting mitochondrial bioenergetics and improving synaptic and cognitive function.
Rentiers and distributive conflict in Brazil (2000–2019)
Authors: Marques Pedro Romero , Rugitsky Fernando
Published: December 2023

The paper examines the determinants of rentier income in contemporary financialised capitalist economies by analysing the case of Brazil. It argues that different drivers of rentier income may have comparable potential to channel a substantial share of aggregate income to asset owners. The paper estimates an expanded functional income distribution for Brazil for the period between 2000 and 2019, which distinguishes between rentier income, wages, profits of enterprise and government income. In the last two decades, the share of rentier income in Brazilian GDP has fluctuated around an approximately stable trend even though its composition has changed profoundly. The estimation presented allows for an analysis of the role played by financial expropriation (i.e. interest payments out of wage income) in this expanded functional income distribution, which points to alternative results concerning the recent trajectory of the wage share of income and of the distributive conflict.
Effect of black spot infection on the chemical composition and comprehensive quality of pecan (Carya illinoinensis) kernel oil
Authors: Wu Shuang , Chang Jun , Yao Xiaohua , Wang Kailiang , Zhang Chengcai
Published: December 2023

Objectives

The changes in the chemical composition of oil from pecan kernels following infection with black spot disease were evaluated to determine whether the disease affects the quality of the seed oil. The findings should provide theoretical support for developing the pecan industry and enhancing the risk resistance of the industry.

Materials and Methods

Oil samples from healthy and diseased pecan kernels were obtained using the squeezing method, and the bioactive substances and fatty acid composition of the two types of oil samples were compared. The degree of oxidation and deterioration of the diseased kernel oil was evaluated. Based on supervised orthogonal partial least squares–discriminant analysis, gray correlation analysis, and unsupervised factor analysis, a multivariate evaluation model was established to comprehensively score the quality of the two types of oils.

Results

The results showed that, compared with the healthy kernel oil, the contents of total polyphenols and flavonoids, as well as the peroxide and acid values, were significantly higher in the diseased kernel oil. The content of oleic acid, as well as the ratio of monounsaturated fatty acids to polyunsaturated acids, was also significantly higher in the diseased kernel oil. In addition, no aflatoxin was detected. Multivariate analysis revealed no significant difference in the quality of diseased kernel oil compared with that of healthy kernel oil.

Conclusions

Therefore, following infection, the pecan oil begins to oxidize, but this does not have a significant negative effect on the nutrients, suggesting that oil from diseased kernels has the potential to be further processed and sold as edible-grade vegetable oil.
The involvement of brassinolides in fruit ripening: crosstalk with plant growth regulators and transcription factors
Authors: Li Ailing , Wu Xuetong , Huang Yi , Pan Xuejuan , Yao Kangding , Liu Zhiya , Wang Chunlei , Liao Weibiao
Published: December 2023

Brassinolides (BRs) are a kind of endogenous plant hormone that play an important role in regulating fruit ripening. BRs can regulate the process of fruit ripening by interacting with plant growth regulators and transcription factors. In this review, we discuss recent research advances on the role of BRs in fruit ripening and its relation to plant growth regulators and transcription factors. In addition, BR signaling molecules that are involved in fruit ripening and ripening-related genes are also highlighted. This review provides a better theoretical basis for improving fruit quality and regulating fruit ripening to speed up market availability, and for studying the mechanisms of BRs in fruit ripening.
The Efficacy and Safety of an Intra-articular Dual-Acting Antibacterial Agent (TNP-2092) for Implant Infection–Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Dai Tianyu , Ma Chi , Zhang Fan , Wang Hui , Ma Zhenkun , Wang Huan , Wen Yinxian , Chen Liaobin
Published: December 2023

Owing to the presence of microbial biofilm on the implant, the eradication of biofilm-associated infections poses a challenge for antibiotic therapies. The study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of the novel antibiotic agent TNP-2092 in the context of implant infections. In vivo, rats with periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) treated with antibiotics showed an increase in body weight and decrease in swelling, temperature, and width of knee, compared with the control group. Meanwhile, inflammatory markers in synovium and serum were decreased in the TNP-2092 group, consistent with the pathological results. Moreover, TNP-2092 was effective in eliminating bacteria and disruption biofilm formation, and further alleviated the abnormal bone absorption and reactive bone changes around the prosthesis. In conclusion, intra-articular injection of TNP-2092 is safe and effective in treating knee PJI in a rat model. The study provides a foundation for the future utilization of TNP-2092 in the management of implant-related infections.
Associations Between Self-Reported Burn Pit Exposure and Functional Status, 1990-2021
Authors: Chassé Jean-Sébastien , Rossi Carlo , Downs John , Ortiz Jose
Published: December 2023

Introduction

The Airborne Hazards and Open Burn Pit Registry (AHOBPR) allows service members to self-report exposure to burn pits during military deployments and functional status (a composite metric of physical fitness status). This study investigated whether general exposure to burn pits, specific performance of burn pit duties, or the cumulative number of days deployed in Southwest Asia was associated with a change in functional status.

Materials and methods

A retrospective cross-sectional analysis of 234,061 participants in the AHOBPR who completed questionnaires before August 2021 was conducted. Exposure was presumed if an individual reported any burn pits exposure during deployment or if an individual reported having to work at a burn pit as part of their duties and was quantified by the cumulative-reported exposure days. The outcome was the reported composite functional score. Statistical analysis used linear regression, which was adjusted for significant variables. A possible dose–response effect from cumulative deployment and burn pits exposure days was evaluated. Statistical significance was determined at P < 0.05.

Results

The burn pit exposure groups were notably different in size (exposed: 230,079, non-exposed: 3982) and were significantly different for all compared variables. There was a negative association between cumulative exposure days and functional score with a significant test for trend. There was a marginal positive significant association between cumulative deployment days and functional score with a significant test for trend. Reporting exposure to burn pit duties was also significantly associated with a lower functional score.

Conclusion

This study suggests a dose–response relationship between cumulative burn pit exposure and decreased functional status. It also suggests a modest positive relationship between cumulative deployment days and reported function, which may represent a “healthy deployer” effect.
Oral β-Lactams, Fluoroquinolones, or Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole for Definitive Treatment of Uncomplicated Escherichia coli or Klebsiella Species Bacteremia From a Urinary Tract Source
Authors: Alzaidi Sameer , Veillette John J , May Stephanie S , Olson Jared , Jackson Katarina , Waters C Dustin , Butler Allison M , Hutton Mary A , Buckel Whitney R , Webb Brandon J
Published: December 2023

Background

Fluoroquinolones (FQs) are effective for oral step-down therapy for gram-negative bloodstream infections but are associated with unfavorable toxic effects. Robust data are lacking for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) and high-bioavailability β-lactams (HBBLs).

Methods

In this multicenter observational cohort study, we simulated a 3-arm registry trial using causal inference methods to compare the effectiveness of FQs, TMP-SMX, or HBBLs for gram-negative bloodstream infections oral step-down therapy. The study included adults treated between January 2016 and December 2022 for uncomplicated Escherichia coli or Klebsiella species bacteremia of urinary tract origin who were who were transitioned to an oral regimen after ≤4 days of effective intravenous antibiotics. Propensity weighting was used to balance characteristics between groups. 60-day recurrence was compared using a multinomial Cox proportional hazards model with probability of treatment weighting.

Results

Of 2571 patients screened, 648 (25%) were included. Their median age (interquartile range) was 67 (45–78) years, and only 103 (16%) were male. Characteristics were well balanced between groups. Compared with FQs, TMP-SMX had similar effectiveness (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.91 [95% confidence interval, .30–2.78]), and HBBLs had a higher risk of recurrence (2.19 [.95–5.01]), although this difference was not statistically significant. Most HBBLs (70%) were not optimally dosed for bacteremia. A total antibiotic duration ≤8 days was associated with a higher recurrence rate in select patients with risk factors for failure.

Conclusions

FQs and TMP-SMX had similar effectiveness in this real-world data set. HBBLs were associated with higher recurrence rates but suboptimal dosing may have contributed. Further studies are needed to define optimal BL dosing and duration to mitigate treatment failures.
Rice kinase OsMRLK63 contributes to drought tolerance by regulating reactive oxygen species production
Authors: Jing Xiu-Qing , Shi Peng-Tao , Zhang Ran , Zhou Meng-Ru , Shalmani Abdullah , Wang Gang-Feng , Liu Wen-Ting , Li Wen-Qiang , Chen Kun-Ming
Published: December 2023

Drought is a major adverse environmental factor that plants face in nature but the molecular mechanism by which plants transduce stress signals and further endow themselves with tolerance remains unclear. Malectin/malectin-like domains containing receptor-like kinases (MRLKs) have been proposed to act as receptors in multiple biological signaling pathways, but limited studies show their roles in drought-stress signaling and tolerance. In this study, we demonstrate OsMRLK63 in rice (Oryza sativa L.) functions in drought tolerance by acting as the receptor of 2 rapid alkalization factors, OsRALF45 and OsRALF46. We show OsMRLK63 is a typical receptor-like kinase that positively regulates drought tolerance and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. OsMRLK63 interacts with and phosphorylates several nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases with the primarily phosphorylated site at Ser26 in the N-terminal of RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOGUE A (OsRbohA). The application of the 2 small signal peptides (OsRALF45/46) on rice can greatly alleviate the dehydration of plants induced by mimic drought. This function depends on the existence of OsMRLK63 and the NADPH oxidase-dependent ROS production. The 2 RALFs interact with OsMRLK63 by binding to its extracellular domain, suggesting they may act as drought/dehydration signal sensors for the OsMRLK63-mediated process. Our study reveals a OsRALF45/46-OsMRLK63-OsRbohs module which contributes to drought-stress signaling and tolerance in rice.
Varieties of wealth: toward a comparative sociology of wealth inequality
Authors: Beckert Jens
Published: December 2023

Research on wealth inequality and wealth concentration has made much progress in establishing statistics on the distribution of private wealth, its historical development, and its components in a large set of countries. Yet, this research is less concerned with country-specific contexts that have an impact on the practical relevance of private wealth and its distribution. This article develops a framework for comparative research that is interested in this question. Starting from a typology that distinguishes six “capacities of wealth,” it asserts that private assets can be more important, more powerful, or more tolerable, depending on the institutional regulation of the political economy, for example, limitations on private property rights, welfare state redistribution, the electoral system, and cultural patterns of wealth legitimation. Using the USA and Germany as exemplary cases, I show that such differences exist and are politically relevant and that investigating the practical significance of private wealth in different political economies would open up new research trajectories in wealth research.
Nursing Students’ Perceptions About the Culture of Nursing
Authors: Strouse Susan M. , Radtke Emily
Published: December 2023

AIM

The aim of this study was to gain students’ perspectives on the culture of nursing and their enculturation to this professional culture.

BACKGROUND

Newly graduated registered nurses (NGRNs) experience identity shock when transitioning to practice, at great costs to themselves and health care organizations. Understanding how nursing students view their professional culture and the enculturation process can foster professional identity formation and ameliorate NGRN identity shock.

METHOD

This focused ethnography study used focus groups for data collection and Leininger’s method of data analysis.

RESULTS

Two themes emerged: 1) descriptors of the culture of nursing and 2) influence of formal and informal learning.

CONCLUSION

Nursing students struggle to define the culture of nursing, contributing to challenges with the enculturation process and leading to identity shock. Intentionally addressing these challenges can help decrease identity shock, promote stronger professional nursing identity formation, and improve the transition to nursing practice.
Integrated Behavioral Health Care in Reproductive Medicine: How and Why to Include Mental Health Professionals in Infertility Care Teams
Authors: Woodward Julia T. , Cirino Nicole H. , Copland Susannah , Davoudian Teni
Published: December 2023

Despite fertility patients’ reports of significant distress, few have access to integrated mental health care services. We elucidate the benefits and challenges of mental health integration in infertility practices from the perspective of both patients and providers. We outline specific models of integration, financial viability, and the first steps fertility clinics could take to improve their patients’ access to these critical supports.
Statistical Analysis of Radioactivity: Lamprecht Uranium Mine in Texas
Authors: Harvey Mark C. , Glenn Griesinger Nancy L.
Published: December 2023

The former Lamprecht uranium mine facility in Texas ceased operations well before the new millennium. However, decommissioning activities were never completed by the licensee. Consequently, a legal proceeding was authorized between state and licensee representatives. Meanwhile, state funds were used to hire an independent contractor to perform radiological surveys and assess the magnitude of residual radioactivity across the terrain at the site. The purpose of this study was to apply advanced spatial statistical methods to the survey data measured by contractors at the Lamprecht site to precisely predict remaining radioactive hotspot locations post soil remediation activities. To accomplish this, descriptive statistics such as Google maps and boxplots along with inferential spatial statistical techniques, e.g., kriging and semivariograms, were employed. R coding was also used throughout. Specifically, the descriptive statistical methods included geographical mapping of targeted areas at the site coupled with summary statistics. Inferentially, spatial analytical techniques were employed to pinpoint the locations of elevated radiation levels above regulatory limits. Our results suggest that fewer hotspots were identified after remediation activities were completed at the site. This study provides an additional analytical resource for the State of Texas regarding the release of this former in situ leach uranium mine site to landowners for unrestricted use.