bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Educational Policy and Federal Intervention in the “Days of Opportunity”
Authors: Sarason Seymour
Published: July 2018

This paper examines some of the origins of federal intervention in education starting with events and social forces precipitated by World War II and culminating in the federal programs of the sixties. From this perspective one can see as an overarching value in federal policy the necessity of breaking down barriers between the schools and other segments of society. Although this value was articulated with varying degrees of clarity, the conceptual issues surrounding its implementation were not. We were unprepared to deal with these conceptual issues. Obstacles, then and now, to clarification and implementation of the overarching value are discussed and illustrated. In regards to clarification and implementation the future picture is not an encouraging one. The suggestion is made that an examination of the constitutional basis for many of our “credentialling” processes and criteria may be a potent stimulus to education reform (Note 1).
The Contest for Educational Resources: Class Conflict in America
Authors: Weaver W. Timothy
Published: July 2018

The pressure to expand post-secondary educational opportunities during this decade has resulted in a shift of historical proportion in state and federal funds allocated to higher education in the United States. If that shift becomes permanent, the attainment level of the middle class as a whole would rise to fourteen or even sixteen years. One of the most certain consequences of that reality would be to deny sufficient funds to those at the lowest level, whose needs are not yet being met in elementary and secondary schools. Such a transfer of funds would advance the interests of the middle class while blocking attainment of the lowest group at a point below the minimum required for entering post-secondary education. The latter group would be forced out of the schools at a point that would effectively deny them any further educational benefits, a situation that prompted Christopher Jencks to suggest that school dropouts be given some alternative social benefit, such as subsidized housing or tax rebates.
Observation: A Vehicle for Generating Information between Partners in Problem Solving
Authors: Clark Jonathan , Johannet Pierre
Published: July 2018

The individual employs two basic sources for perception: direct experience and the interpretations of the culture. Natural processes can lead individuals who seek to resolve problems together to excessive reliance on socialized perceptions while overlooking valuable direct experience. As the partners establish assumptions, they may prematurely cease the search for information which could lead to a new perspective on the problem. A cycle is mobilized in which information generated by direct encounter fails to check powerful assumptions. The authors offer an observational model through which partners share both their experiences and their interpretations of these experiences. The model is designed to reduce the power of assumptions and to restore the influence of direct experience in problem resolution.
Problems in Analyzing Process-Product Relationships in Studies of Teacher Effectiveness
Authors: Soar R. S.
Published: July 2018

Problems of analysis are discussed in the three areas of estimating pupil gain, grouping observation items into measures, and relating gain to classroom behavior. Procedures deemed most hopeful are that gain estimates should be based on at least two covariates; that observation items should be aggregated using factor analysis, a combination of logical and factor analysis, or clustering or factoring teachers; that process-product relations should be analyzed by multiple regression, with at least a two-stage model that uses both classrooms and individual pupils as the unit of analysis.
Is Variation in Resident-Centered Care and Quality Performance Related to Health System Factors in Veterans Health Administration Nursing Homes?
Authors: Sullivan Jennifer L. , Engle Ryann L. , Tyler Denise , Afable Melissa K. , Gormley Katelyn , Shwartz Michael , Adjognon Omonyêlé , Parker Victoria A.
Published: July 2018

The purpose of this research was to explore and compare common health system factors for 5 Community Living Centers (ie Veterans Health Administration nursing homes) with high performance on both resident-centered care and clinical quality and for 5 Community Living Centers (CLC) with low performance on both resident-centered care and quality. In particular, we were interested in “how” and “why” some Community Living Centers were able to deliver high levels of resident-centered care and high quality of care, whereas others did not demonstrate this ability. Sites were identified based on their rankings on a composite quality measure calculated from 28 Minimum Data Set version 2.0 quality indicators and a resident-centered care summary score calculated from 6 domains of the Artifacts of Culture Change Tool. Data were from fiscal years 2009-2012. We selected high- and low-performing sites on quality and resident-centered care and conducted 12 in-person site visits in 2014-2015. We used systematic content analysis to code interview transcripts for a priori and emergent health system factor domains. We then assessed variations in these domains across high and low performers using cross-site summaries and matrixes. Our final sample included 108 staff members at 10 Veterans Health Administration CLCs. Staff members included senior leaders, middle managers, and frontline employees. Of the health system factors identified, high and low performers varied in 5 domains, including leadership support, organizational culture, teamwork and communication, resident-centered care recognition and awards, and resident-centered care training. Organizations must recognize that making improvements in the factors identified in this article will require dedicated resources from leaders and support from staff throughout the organization.
Nursing Home Chain Affiliation and Its Impact on Specialty Service Designation for Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Blackburn Justin , Zheng Qing , Grabowski David C. , Hirth Richard , Intrator Orna , Stevenson David G. , Banaszak-Holl Jane
Published: July 2018

Specialty care units (SCUs) in nursing homes (NHs) grew in popularity during the 1990s to attract residents while national policies and treatment paradigms changed. Alzheimer disease has consistently been the dominant form of SCU. This study explored the extent to which chain affiliation, which is common among NHs, affected SCU bed designation. Using data from the Online Survey Certification and Reporting (OSCAR) from 1996 through 2010 with 207 431 NH-year observations, we described trends and compared chain-affiliated NHs with independent NHs. Designation of beds for Alzheimer disease SCUs grew from 1996 to 2003 and then declined. At the peak, 19.6% of all NHs had at least one Alzheimer disease SCU bed. In general, chain affiliation promoted Alzheimer disease SCU bed designation across time, chain size, and NH profit status. During the period of largest growth from 1996 to 2003, the likelihood of designation of Alzheimer disease SCU beds was 1.55 percentage points higher among for-profit NHs affiliated with large chains than independent for-profit NHs ( P < .001) and remained 1.28 percentage points higher from 2004 to 2010. However, chain-affiliated NHs generally had a lower percentage of residents with dementia than independent NHs. For example, although for-profit NHs affiliated with large chains had more Alzheimer disease SCU beds, they had nearly 3% fewer residents with dementia than independent NHs ( P < .001). We conclude that organizational decisions to designate beds for Alzheimer disease SCUs may be related to marketing strategies to attract residents since adoption of Alzheimer disease SCUs has fluctuated over time, but did not appear driven by demand.
Villains and victors: representations of the fallists in newspapers during the 2015 university crisis
Authors: Ebrahim Sumayya
Published: July 2018

In 2015, South African university student protests drew critical attention to the state of higher education in the country. Newspaper reports of the student protests were pervasive. Reports of the violence that characterised parts of the protests dominated the news despite the students’ impact on the positive changes in higher education. Using a thematic analysis, this article interrogates student representation in newspapers from the inception of the protests to the end of the 2015 academic year. Four themes were identified: students as destructive vandals, violators of the rights of others, law-breakers, and agents of transformation. Results indicate that newspaper reports of the violence overshadowed reports of the positive changes that the student protestors catalysed, and in so doing, newspaper reports during this time delegitimised the students as agents of change.
Socioeconomic correlates of early child development: Gradients from six countries in the East Asia-Pacific region
Authors: Richards Ben , Bacon-Shone John , Rao Nirmala
Published: July 2018

This study examined socioeconomic gradients in different domains of early child development using data from the validation sample of the East Asia-Pacific Early Child Development Scales. The Scales were administered to 7797 3- to 5- year-olds (3889 girls) from Cambodia, China, Mongolia, Papua New Guinea, Timor-Leste, and Vanuatu and children’s parents provided information about socioeconomic status (SES). Findings indicated that: (i) with the exception of Motor Development, all SES indicators predicted all domains of development; (ii) SES–development associations were largest for Cognitive Development, Socio-emotional Development, and Language and Emergent Literacy; (iii) wealth and maternal education were the best predictors of early child development; and (iv) significant SES–development associations were found in all countries except Cambodia.
Performing Place: A Rhythmanalysis of the City of London
Authors: Nash Louise
Published: July 2018

Through its focus on the City of London as a particular work sector and setting, this paper emphasizes the symbolic and material significance of place to understanding the lived experiences of power relations within organizational life. The socio-cultural and material aspects of the City are explored through an analysis of the rhythms of place, as well through interview data. Using a methodological approach based on Lefebvre’s Rhythmanalysis in order to develop an embodied, immersive sense of how the City is experienced as a workplace, the paper makes a methodological, empirical and theoretical contribution to an understanding of the way in which rhythms shape how place is performed. Using rhythmanalysis as a method, the paper shows the relationship between rhythms and the performances of place, foregrounding a subjective, embodied and experiential way of researching the places and spaces of organizing.
Exome Sequencing of Fresh-frozen or Formalin-fixed Paraffin-embedded B6C3F1/N Mouse Hepatocellular Carcinomas Arising Either Spontaneously or due to Chronic Chemical Exposure
Authors: Auerbach Scott S. , Xu Miaofei , Merrick B. Alex , Hoenerhoff Mark J. , Phadke Dhiral , Taxman Debra J. , Shah Ruchir , Hong Hue-Hua L. , Ton Thai-Vu , Kovi Ramesh C. , Sills Robert C. , Pandiri Arun R.
Published: July 2018

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide; however, the mutational properties of HCC-associated carcinogens remain largely uncharacterized. We hypothesized that mechanisms underlying chemical-induced HCC can be characterized by evaluating the mutational spectra of these tumors. To test this hypothesis, we performed exome sequencing of B6C3F1/N HCCs that arose either spontaneously in vehicle controls ( n = 3) or due to chronic exposure to gingko biloba extract (GBE; n = 4) or methyleugenol (MEG; n = 3). Most archived tumor samples are available as formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) blocks, rather than fresh-frozen (FF) samples; hence, exome sequencing from paired FF and FFPE samples was compared. FF and FFPE samples showed 63% to 70% mutation concordance. Multiple known (e.g., Ctnnb1T41A, BrafV637E) and novel (e.g., Erbb4C559S, Card10A700V, and Klf11P358L) mutations in cancer-related genes were identified. The overall mutational burden was greater for MEG than for GBE or spontaneous HCC samples. To characterize the mutagenic mechanisms, we analyzed the mutational spectra in the HCCs according to their trinucleotide motifs. The MEG tumors clustered closest to Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer signatures 4 and 24, which are, respectively, associated with benzo(a)pyrene- and aflatoxin-induced HCCs in humans. These results establish a novel approach for classifying liver carcinogens and understanding the mechanisms of hepatocellular carcinogenesis.
A sequential cognitive and physical approach (SCOPA) for patellofemoral pain: a randomized controlled trial in adolescent patients
Authors: Selhorst Mitchell , Rice William , Jackowski Michael , Degenhart Todd , Coffman Shaun
Published: July 2018

Objective:

To compare a sequential treatment algorithm considering psychosocial and physical impairments, with a conventional rehabilitation approach considering only physical impairments in adolescents with patellofemoral pain.

Design:

A randomized, single-blind, controlled study.

Participants:

Fifty-five adolescents (36 females; mean age 14.3 ± 1.8 years).

Interventions:

The sequential cognitive and physical approach (SCOPA) group ( n = 28) was treated based on sequential testing and treatment of activity-related fear, flexibility, kinematics, and strength. The comparator group ( n = 27) was treated with a non-sequential physical impairment–based approach. Both groups received treatment two times a week for up to six weeks.

Measurements:

Function (Anterior Knee Pain Scale), pain (Numeric Pain Rating Scale), and Global Rating of Change were assessed at baseline, three weeks, and six weeks, with a six-month follow-up.

Results:

Both groups had similar function (73.7 ± 9.6) and pain (6.0 ± 2.3) at baseline. A third of individuals with patellofemoral pain demonstrated elevated activity-related fear at baseline. Patients randomized to the SCOPA group had clinically significant greater improvements at six weeks in function (SCOPA, 95.0 ± 7.4 and comparator, 84.8 ± 10.4; mean difference: 10.2, 95% CI: 5.3, 15.1) and pain (SCOPA, 0.9 ± 1.9 and comparator, 2.7 ± 2.1; mean difference: 1.7, 95% CI: 0.5, 2.9). No differences were noted in Global Rating of Change. No between-group differences were noted in any outcome at six-month follow-up.

Conclusion:

The sequential cognitive and physical approach resulted in greater improvements in short-term function and pain. By six months, both groups demonstrated similar clinically significant improvements in all outcomes.
Efficacy of vortioxetine on the physical symptoms of major depressive disorder
Authors: Christensen Michael Cronquist , Florea Ioana , Lindsten Annika , Baldwin David S
Published: July 2018

Background:

Efficacy has been proven for vortioxetine in short-term and long-term treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD), with broad beneficial effects on emotional, physical and cognitive symptoms. Limited specific data on the effects of vortioxetine on depression-related physical symptoms have been published.

Methods:

A meta-analysis was carried out of five short-term multinational, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies. These studies were conducted in a total of 2105 adult MDD outpatients (18–75 years) with a major depressive episode of ⩾3 months’ duration. Only patients treated with a dose of 5 or 10 mg vortioxetine (therapeutic doses) or placebo were included in this analysis. Efficacy assessment of vortioxetine on the physical symptoms of depression included all items of the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D) assessing physical symptoms, and all somatic items in the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A). A subgroup analysis in MDD patients with coexisting anxiety symptoms (i.e. those with a HAM-A ⩾20 at baseline) was also performed.

Results:

A significant improvement ( p<0.05) of vortioxetine versus placebo was observed on all HAM-D items measuring physical symptoms, except for the somatic gastrointestinal symptoms and loss of weight items. Significant effects were also observed on the HAM-A somatic items: general somatic symptoms, gastrointestinal symptoms, and autonomic symptoms. In patients with a high baseline level of anxiety, a significant effect of vortioxetine was also observed on the physical symptoms of depression.

Conclusions:

These analyses indicate that patients with MDD, including those with a high level of anxiety symptoms, have significant improvements in MDD-associated physical symptoms when treated with vortioxetine.
Following the Frankincense: Reassessing the Sitz im Leben of Targum Song of Songs
Authors: Litke Andrew W.
Published: July 2018

It is commonly asserted that Targum Song of Songs was composed in Palestine in the seventh or eighth century CE. This article surveys the most significant criteria used to posit that assertion (such as language, Jewish education, and messianism), and it argues that these criteria are either inconclusive or point to a different Sitz im Leben for the Targum. The article then adds one element to the discussion, the use of the late Latin term olibanum, ‘frankincense’, in 4.11. Ultimately, this article argues that the traditional dating and provenance of Targum Song of Songs' composition should be adjusted. A tenth- or eleventh-century time period and a location in either southern Italy or Byzantium better fit the evidence.
Power-assist control of a human–electric hybrid bicycle with energy regeneration and cruise control
Authors: Padmagirisan P , Sowmya R , Sankaranarayanan V
Published: July 2018

In this article, we propose three different controllers for the human–electric hybrid bicycle. The main objective of the controller is to ensure power-assist, cruise control and regenerative braking whenever possible. Power-assist controller is designed without torque sensor, cruise controller is designed to keep constant speed and the regenerative braking controller is designed to save the energy while braking. Proportion-assisted power method is implemented using the pedaling torque estimated by disturbance observer. Cruise control is achieved using the estimated speed from the hall sensor rather than using actual speed sensor. Single switch regenerative braking method is applied to yield maximum energy recovery during braking. It is noted that the performance similar to torque sensor–based proportion-assisted power is achieved using torque sensorless approach. All of the proposed controllers are implemented experimentally in the experimental setup, and their results are presented.
Temporal dynamics in the daily lives of health practitioners
Authors: Wang Cynthia
Published: July 2018

The working days of health practitioners are long and often hectic. This paper examines the minutiae of how health practitioners, particularly physicians and nurses, organize their time throughout the day. Through in-depth interviews of attending physicians, medical residents, and nursing staff at a major urban teaching hospital in California, I explore the daily dynamics of temporality within the lives of health practitioners, from the point of view of health practitioners, and consider the structures of power that are evident, and I do this through the lens of time and temporality. My studies have found that, whereas individuals may be able to control the time of other individuals who are lower on the hierarchy than themselves, institutional obligations and ritualized cultural practices that colonize individual time, and indeed, normalize certain temporal rhythms and expectations often trump these individual dynamics. While the specific site of this study was focused on the health care field, the broader themes of how social and organizational power manifests through the negotiation of time are relevant to many other sites of inquiry, particularly within monochronic societies which perceive time as a commodity.
Early Australian experience in the maintenance of schizophrenia management with 3-monthly paliperidone palmitate
Authors: Pai Nagesh , Warden Matthew
Published: July 2018

Objectives:

Real-world experience from a 6-month product familiarization programme (PFP) for 3-monthly paliperidone palmitate in schizophrenia maintenance treatment.

Methods:

Prescribers completed an online questionnaire for each patient at enrolment with further questions at second dose (re-supply) stage and a second survey of their overall experience at the end.

Results:

Ninety-four patients were enrolled and received a first dose and 23 received a second dose within the 6-month programme; 51.1% had been hospitalised for symptom relapse in the previous 2 years. Reasons for prescribing were convenience of 3-monthly dosing for patients (94.7%) and patient choice (54.6%). Prescribers followed-up at least once-monthly (69.6% cases) and indicated in 48.9% they would consider shared GP care. All patients were satisfied with symptom control and either maintained functioning or showed improvement. Clinicians felt confident with administration and identifying suitable patients and were all ‘satisfied’ or ‘somewhat satisfied’ with efficacy and tolerability. All felt patients’ treatment goals were either ‘met’ (81.3%) or ‘partly met’ (18.7%) and none reported dissatisfaction with relapse prevention.

Conclusions:

Convenient 3-monthly dosing was preferred by clinicians and patients, and symptoms were adequately managed. This has the potential to improve adherence and lead to better outcomes as patients only need four intramuscular doses per year.
Case formulation using pattern-based formulation (PBF) methodology: clinical case 4
Authors: Fernando Irosh , Lampe Lisa
Published: July 2018

Objectives:

To provide a further example of the utility of the pattern-based model in formulation, and to introduce some further patterns.

Methods:

A case study was carried out using the Pattern-based Formulation (PBF).

Results:

Based on the case of a patient with a past history of trauma who developed late onset somatic symptoms, post-traumatic stress disorder and major depression, the PBF approach enabled development of a comprehensive formulation to explain the patient’s current presentation. Four patterns were utilised.

Conclusions:

The PBF method of using patterns as building blocks enables development of a psychobiological formulation that can accommodate considerable complexity. PBF represents a broadly applicable method that may assist psychiatry trainees and others to develop good quality formulations.
Atypical Facial Clefts From Northcentral Nigeria, Review of 36 Cases
Authors: Bello Seidu A. , Ibikari Allwell Brown , Oketade Ifeoluwa , Balogun Saliu A.
Published: July 2018

Objective:

This study aims to present the pattern and management of atypical facial clefts from a Nigerian population.

Design:

This is a retrospective study of patients seen during series of surgical outreach programs in North Central Nigeria, between 2011 and 2017. All cases of atypical facial clefts encountered were evaluated for the pattern of presentation using Tessier classification system. All of them were surgically repaired and outcome was determined using a Likert scale. Data were presented using descriptive statistics.

Setting:

Outreach programs in North Central Nigeria by Cleft & Facial Deformity Foundation.

Results:

Thirty-six patients, 19 (52.8%) males and 17 (47.2%) females, were studied. The age range was 1 week to 34 years, with mean (standard deviation) of 11.2 (11.8) years. Fifty-eight cleft cases were recorded, with Tessier 1 being the commonest (n = 14; 24.1%) cleft type. There were 35 (60.3%) cases of middle cleft, 14 (24.2%) cases of oblique cleft, and 9 (15.5%) cases of lateral cleft. Typical cleft lip and palate coexisted with atypical facial cleft in 2 (5.6%) patients. Cleft was found to be median in 12 (33.3%) patients and right sided in 9 (25%) patients. Majority (n = 24, 66.7%) of the cases were repaired by simple excision plus direct closure with successful outcome.

Conclusions:

Numerical classification by Paul Tessier has reduced the inconsistencies of nomenclature among practitioners. Majority of atypical facial clefts could be treated by simple techniques with satisfactory outcomes. However, the more complex cases will require multistaged surgical approach.
Clinical Outcomes Associated With Once-Daily Ritonavir-Boosted Darunavir Plus Tenofovir/Emtricitabine in HIV-Infected Patients Harboring at Minimum a M184V/I Resistance Mutation
Authors: Sahloff Eric G. , Duggan Joan M.
Published: July 2018

Background: Limited data exist on the use of a boosted protease inhibitor plus <2 active nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors without use of additional classes of antiretroviral (ARV) therapy in treatment-experienced patients with background resistance. Objective: To evaluate clinical outcomes in HIV-infected patients harboring single- or multiclass resistant virus and receiving once-daily tenofovir/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) plus darunavir/ritonavir (DRV/r) administered for >24 weeks. Methods: This was a single-center chart review of HIV-infected patients receiving daily TDF/FTC plus DRV/r and identified with resistant virus (including, but not limited to, an M184V/I). The primary outcome was HIV viral load (VL) <200 copies/mL (cp/mL) at last measurement. Additional end points included virological rebound (VR), resuppression, or failure (VF); VL <40 cp/mL at last measurement; and development of additional mutations. Results: Of 171 eligible patients, 32 were included in the study and received DRV 800 mg/r 100 mg daily with fixed-combination TDF/FTC. All patients had a baseline M184V/I mutation, with 10 (31%) having resistance to TDF; 27 (84%) achieved a VL <200 cp/mL, and 25(78%) had a VL <200 cp/mL at the last reading; 22 (69%) achieved a VL <40 cp/mL. VF occurred in 6/32 (19%) patients and VR in 1/32 (3%) patients. Conclusion and Relevance: Although providing a regimen containing ≤2 active drugs, the use of once-daily DRV/r plus TDF/FTC in treatment-experienced patients with single-/multiclass resistant virus resulted in virological suppression in more than three-fourths of patients. These retrospective data suggest that despite the presence of an M184V/I, this combination may be an option in patients seeking a once-daily ARV therapy to improve adherence.
Body image and physical education: Reflections of individuals with visual impairments
Authors: Haegele Justin , Zhu Xihe
Published: July 2018

The purpose of this study was to examine reflections of body image development experiences in school-based physical education and sport among individuals with visual impairments. This qualitative study utilized an interpretative phenomenological analysis. A purposive sample of 10 participants (ages 21–34; eight female, two male) residing in North America were included. Semi-structured, audiotaped telephone interviews and reflective interview notes were data sources for this study. Data were analysed using a three-step process inspired by interpretative phenomenological analysis, and themes that were identified across participants were summarized, presented as results, and discussed concurrently. Based on the data, two interrelated themes were constructed: (a) ‘overweight and never really got proper exercise’: repercussions of exclusion, and (b) ‘the way I looked was very important’: social pressures informing body image. These themes expand the current literature by describing the influences school-based physical education and sport contexts can have on the body image development experiences of individuals with visual impairments. Exclusion from activities and peer social comparisons are highlighted as critical features of physical education and sport experiences that can affect body image among this population.
Affective and calculative solidarity: The impact of individualism and neoliberal capitalism
Authors: Lynch Kathleen , Kalaitzake Manolis
Published: July 2018

This article examines the ways in which the self-responsibilized individualism underpinning contemporary concepts of the ideal European citizen, on the one hand (Frericks, 2014), and the inequalities and anti-democratic politics that characterize contemporary neoliberal capitalism, on the other, are co-constituent elements in creating an antipathy to forms of solidarity that are affective as opposed to calculative. The active citizenship framework lacks a full appreciation of the interdependency of the human condition and is antithetical to universalistic, affectively-led forms of solidarity. The deep relationality that is endemic to both social production and reproduction, and that impels an affective, morally-led form of solidarity needs to be recognized academically and intellectually, and politically sustained, if we are to move beyond a narrow, calculative, self-interested vision of solidarity in Europe.
Radiofrequency Ablation Combined With Transarterial Chemoembolization for Specially Located Small Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Yuan Wei , Yang Min-Jie , Xu Jiang , Yan Zhi-Ping , Liu Rong , Qu Xu-Dong , Wang Jian-Hua , Qian Sheng
Published: July 2018

Objective:

To investigate the safety and efficacy of radiofrequency ablation combined with transarterial chemoembolization in patients with specially located small hepatocellular carcinoma.

Materials and Methods:

Between March 2014 and March 2017, a total of 26 patients with 26 lesions (10 perivascular, 6 subdiaphragmatic, 5 subcapsular, 5 perivascular, and subdiaphragmatic location; mean diameter 2.12 (0.62) cm), who received radiofrequency ablation–transarterial chemoembolization treatment, were retrospectively analyzed. Local tumor response was assessed by computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging 1 month after the procedure. Tumor-free survival was also assessed according to the modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors. Complications were evaluated according to the National Cancer Institute’s Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (version 4.0).

Results:

Complete response was achieved in all patients 1 month after the procedure. During a median follow-up duration of 16.76 months (95% confidence interval: 7.78-25.73 months), local tumor recurrence occurred in 2 patients and new intrahepatic lesions developed in 7 patients. The 1-, 2-, and 3-year cumulative local tumor progression rates were 3.84%, 7.69%, and 7.69%, respectively. The median tumor-free survival duration was 21.96 months (95% confidence interval: 17.58-26.34 months). The 1-, 2-, and 3-year tumor-free survival rates were 67.4%, 46.1%, and 39.3%, respectively.

Conclusion:

The radiofrequency ablation–transarterial chemoembolization combination therapy appears to be safe and effective and might be a treatment option for specially located small hepatocellular carcinoma lesions that have a risk of incomplete ablation or major complications.
Flexible Work Arrangements and Work–Family Conflict: A Metasynthesis of Qualitative Studies Among Academics
Authors: Beigi Mina , Shirmohammadi Melika , Stewart Jim
Published: July 2018

Quantitative research has reported variable and inconsistent findings regarding the relationship between flexible work arrangements (FWA) and work–family conflict (WFC). In this article, we address this inconsistency through the lens of qualitative research. We synthesize the findings of 45 qualitative studies from a variety of disciplines that have explored work–family interface (WFI) among academics whose profession offers high levels of FWA by nature. Analyzing the findings of these qualitative studies, we developed six themes of which five could be translated to moderators of the relationship between FWA and WFC. These moderator variables are boundary management preferences, time management skills and approach, career/family stage, nature of an academic job, and workplace culture. Our findings have theoretical, methodological, and practical implications for work–family and human resource development (HRD) scholars and practitioners motivated to improve the quality of employees’ work–life through initiation of FWA interventions.
Fast horizon detection in maritime images using region-of-interest
Authors: Jeong Chi Yoon , Yang Hyun S , Moon KyeongDeok
Published: July 2018

In this article, we propose a fast method for detecting the horizon line in maritime scenarios by combining a multi-scale approach and region-of-interest detection. Recently, several methods that adopt a multi-scale approach have been proposed, because edge detection at a single is insufficient to detect all edges of various sizes. However, these methods suffer from high processing times, requiring tens of seconds to complete horizon detection. Moreover, the resolution of images captured from cameras mounted on vessels is increasing, which reduces processing speed. Using the region-of-interest is an efficient way of reducing the amount of processing information required. Thus, we explore a way to efficiently use the region-of-interest for horizon detection. The proposed method first detects the region-of-interest using a property of maritime scenes and then multi-scale edge detection is performed for edge extraction at each scale. The results are then combined to produce a single edge map. Then, Hough transform and a least-square method are sequentially used to estimate the horizon line accurately. We compared the performance of the proposed method with state-of-the-art methods using two publicly available databases, namely, Singapore Marine Dataset and buoy dataset. Experimental results show that the proposed method for region-of-interest detection reduces the processing time of horizon detection, and the accuracy with which the proposed method can identify the horizon is superior to that of state-of-the-art methods.
Choosing Channels, Sources, and Content for Communicating Prostate Cancer Information to Black Men: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Walsh-Childers Kim , Odedina Folakemi , Poitier Alexandria , Kaninjing Ernest , Taylor Greenberry
Published: July 2018

The purpose of this study was to identify effective channels, sources, and content approaches for communicating prostate cancer prevention information to Black men. The Web of Science, PubMed and GoogleScholar databases, as well as reviews of reference lists for selected publications, were searched to select articles relevant to cancer communication channels, sources or content for Black men, focused on male-prevalent cancers and published in English. Articles were excluded if they examined only patient–provider communication, dealt exclusively with prostate cancer patients or did not separate findings by race. The selection procedures identified 41 relevant articles, which were systematically and independently reviewed by two team members to extract data on preferred channels, sources, and content for prostate cancer information. This review revealed that Black men prefer interpersonal communication for prostate cancer information; however, video can be effective. Trusted sources included personal physicians, clergy, and other community leaders, family (especially spouses) and prostate cancer survivors. Men want comprehensive information about screening, symptoms, treatment, and outcomes. Messages should be culturally tailored, encouraging empowerment and “ownership” of disease. Black men are open to prostate cancer prevention information through mediated channels when contextualized within spiritual/cultural beliefs and delivered by trusted sources.
Implementation of a point-of-care ultrasound skills practicum for hospitalists
Authors: Cochard Emily , Fulkerson Zachary , Carlos W Graham
Published: July 2018

Introduction

Point-of-care ultrasound is recognized as a safe and valuable diagnostic tool for patient evaluation. Hospitalists are prime candidates for advancing the point-of-care ultrasound field given their crucial role in inpatient medicine. Despite this, there is a notable lack of evidence-based ultrasound training for hospitalists. Most research focuses on diagnostic accuracy rather than the training required to achieve it. This study aims to improve hospitalists' point-of-care ultrasound knowledge and skills through a hands-on skills practicum.

Methods

Four skill practicums were conducted with pre-course, post-course, and six-month evaluations and knowledge assessments.

Results

The mean pre- vs. post-course knowledge assessment scores significantly improved, 41.7% vs. 75.9% (SD 16.1% and 12.7%, respectively, p < 0.0001). The mean ultrasound skills confidence ratings on a 10-point Likert scale significantly increased post-course (2.60 ± 1.66 vs. 6.33 ± 1.63, p < 0.0001), but decreased at six months (6.33 ± 1.63 vs. 4.10 ± 2.22, p < 0.0001). The greatest limitations to usage pre-course and at six months were knowledge/skills and lack of machine access. While knowledge/skills decreased from pre-course (82.0%) as compared to six-months (64.3%), lack of machine access increased from pre-course (15.8%) to six-months (28.6%) ( p = 0.28).

Conclusion

Hospitalists agree that point-of-care ultrasound has utility in the diagnostic and therapeutic management of patients, though the lack of training is a significant limitation. Our study demonstrated that a brief skills practicum significantly improves hospitalists’ confidence and knowledge regarding ultrasound image acquisition and interpretation in the short term. Long-term confidence and usage wanes, which appears to be due to the lack of machine access.
Near-infrared laser-mediated drug release and antibacterial activity of gold nanorod–sputtered titania nanotubes
Authors: Moon Kyoung-Suk , Park Young-Bum , Bae Ji-Myung , Oh Seunghan
Published: July 2018

The infection control of implants is one of the hot issues in the field of medicine and dentistry. In this study, we prepared gold nanorod–sputtered titania nanotubes on titanium surface, which is the main component of implant material, and aimed to estimate the remote-controlled tetracycline release and resulting antibacterial effects of gold nanorod–sputtered titania nanotubes using near-infrared laser irradiation. Gold nanorods prepared by ion plasma sputtering (aspect ratio = 1:3) showed optical properties like those of chemically synthesized gold nanorods, exhibiting photothermal effects in the near-infrared region, as demonstrated using field-emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and diffuse ultraviolet–visible–near-infrared spectrophotometry. In addition, a 2 wt% tetracycline/polycaprolactone mixture was found to be the most suitable experimental group to demonstrate the biological compatibilities and antibacterial activities. The results of antibacterial agar diffusion tests and near-infrared-mediated tetracycline release tests in vivo confirmed that remote-controlled tetracycline elution using near-infrared laser irradiation was highly effective. Therefore, gold nanorod–sputtered titania nanotubes would be expected to enable the continued use of the photothermal therapy of gold nanorods and extend the limited use of titania showing photocatalytic activity only within the ultraviolet-to-near-infrared region.
Arthroscopic treatment of intra-articular dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica of the knee
Authors: Mammoto Takeo , Hirano Atsushi
Published: July 2018

Dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica, also known as Trevor Fairbank disease, is characterized by asymmetrical osteochondral overgrowth of the epiphyseal cartilage. The clinical presentation of dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica is wide and variable, depending on the site of the lesion. Herein, we describe the physical examination of a 9-year-old boy with intra-articular dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica, in whom the symptoms were elicited on “reverse Wilson’s sign”: bending the knee from 70° to 120° against resistance while externally rotating the tibia. Arthroscopic treatment of the intra-articular dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica of the knee showed good outcome; hence, this modality should be considered for the management of intra-articular dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica.
Audience costs, domestic economy and coercive diplomacy
Authors: Suzuki Akisato
Published: July 2018

Does the state of the domestic economy change the size of the effect of audience costs? As public opinion research has shown, citizens assess the performance of their leaders based not only on foreign policy, but also on the domestic economy. Thus, if leaders are subject to audience costs, they should be even less able to afford failure in an international crisis when the economy is performing badly than when the economy is doing well. As a result, such leaders should be even more able to make their threats credible and, therefore, are more likely to be successful in coercive diplomacy. This novel prediction finds no empirical support in a replication study using Moon and Souva (2016). I discuss possible reasons for this result and avenues for further research.
Telemedicine pharmacy services implementation in organ transplantation at a metropolitan academic medical center
Authors: Jandovitz Nicholas , Li Hanlin , Watts Brady , Monteiro Jonathan , Kohlberg Diana , Tsapepas Demetra
Published: July 2018

Transplant patients represent a complex patient population for which telemedicine may allow enhanced access to the healthcare team and promote active engagement in health improvement. This retrospective study summarizes a multi-pronged approach that was instituted to implement a pharmacy telemedicine practice at our institution. Telemedicine visits included the provision of six key elements for our patients: (1) medication reconciliation, (2) vaccination history, (3) medication teaching, (4) pharmacotherapy review, (5) medication adherence, and (6) triage to other providers. From January through June 2017, 46 patients were registered for a visit (recipients n = 32 and living donors n = 14). Three-fourths of the patients who completed a visit connected using a mobile device. Time from discharge to the visit was 5.4 days. The average visit duration was 11.6 ± 8 minutes. Medication reconciliation was performed for 24 patients where 6 (25%) required medication list adjustments. An average of 1.2 ± 0.4 medication changes were updated in the medical record. During visits, patients were asked questions to assess adherence to their regimen, all patients responded favorably indicating that they were following instructions provided by the healthcare team. Telemedicine has the potential to improve the healthcare delivery model by providing increased patient-to-healthcare team interactions and access, which optimize engagement and outcomes.
Even Supermoms Get the Blues: Employment, Gender Attitudes, and Depression
Authors: Leupp Katrina
Published: July 2018

This study examines how gender attitudes moderate the relationship between employment and depressive symptoms using data from the 1987 to 2006 waves of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 Cohort. Results indicate that at age 40, the association of employment with reduced symptoms of depression is greatest for mothers who had previously expressed support for traditional gender roles. This finding was robust to controls for prior depressive symptoms. In contrast, the association of employment and depressive symptoms at age 40 does not vary by earlier gender attitudes among childless women. Results suggest that in light of women’s disproportionate share of domestic responsibilities and limited employer supports for parents, skepticism over mothers’ ability to “do it all” may mitigate the stress of work-family role strain and allow mothers with more traditional gender attitudes to receive greater protection against depressive symptoms from employment.
Inhibitory Effect of Chunghyul-dan on Stroke Recurrence in Small Vessel Disease Patients: A 5-Year Observational Study
Authors: Jung Woo-Sang , Min In Kyu , Jin Chul , Park Joo Young , Kim Hyung Gyu , Kwak Young , Kim Kyung Wook , Cho Seung-Yeon , Park Seong-Uk , Moon Sang-Kwan , Park Jung-Mi , Ko Chang-Nam , Cho Ki-Ho , Kwon Seungwon
Published: July 2018

We investigated the stroke recurrence rate and the rate of adverse effects induced by an herbal medicine, Chunghyul-dan, administered to patients over a 5-year period. We prescribed 600 mg Chunghyul-dan a day to patients with small vessel diseases and investigated stroke recurrence, adverse effects, and drug compliance for 5 years. The primary outcome was the prevalence of stroke recurrence (in 3, 4, and 5 years). The secondary outcome was the frequency of adverse effects induced by Chunghyul-dan. We recruited 400 patients. Among them, 270, 233, and 195 patients completed 3, 4, and 5 years of follow-up, respectively. Among patients who completed 3, 4, and 5 years of follow-up, cumulative recurrent stroke occurred in 7 (2.6%), 11 (4.7%), and 12 (6.2%) patients. There were no adverse effects. We suggest that Chunghyul-dan might be useful for the inhibition of stroke recurrence by reducing microangiography progression. Further study is needed to confirm our hypothesis.
Foraging strategy of wasps – optimisation of intake rate or efficiency?
Authors: Kovac Helmut , Stabentheiner Anton , Brodschneider Robert
Published: July 2018

In endothermic wasps, foraging is an expensive activity. To maximise the benefit for the colony, wasps can optimise either the intake rate or energetic efficiency of a foraging trip. We investigated the foraging behaviour of Vespine wasps under variable environmental and reward conditions. We trained them to forage for 0.5 molar sucrose solution from an artificial flower in a flow-through respiratory measurement chamber, and simultaneously measured their body temperature using infrared thermography to investigate interactions between thermoregulation and energetics. Measurement of carbon dioxide release (for energetic calculations) and load weight enabled the direct determination of foraging efficiency. An unlimited reward increased the wasps’ energetic effort to increase the suction speed through high body temperatures. With reduced reward (limited flow), when an increased body temperature could not increase suction speed, the wasps decreased their body temperature to reduce the metabolic effort. Solar heat gain was used differently, either to increase body temperature without additional metabolic effort or to save energy. The foraging efficiency was mainly determined by the flow rate, ambient temperature and solar heat gain. In shade, an unlimited sucrose flow and a high ambient temperature yielded the highest energetic benefit. A limited flow reduced foraging efficiency in the shade, but only partly in sunshine. Solar radiation boosted the efficiency at all reward rates. Wasps responded flexibly to varying reward conditions by maximising intake rate at unlimited flow and switching to the optimisation of foraging efficiency when the intake rate could not be enhanced due to a limited flow rate.
Strategic Formulary Design in Medicare Part D Plans
Authors: Lavetti Kurt , Simon Kosali
Published: July 2018

The design of Medicare Part D causes most beneficiaries to receive fragmented health insurance, with drug and medical coverage separated. Fragmentation is potentially inefficient since separate insurers optimize over only one component of healthcare spending, despite complementarities and substitutabilities between healthcare types. Fragmentation of only some plans can also lead to market distortions due to differential adverse selection, as integrated plans may use drug formularies to induce enrollment by patients that are profitable in the medical insurance market. We study the design of insurance plans in Medicare Part D and find that formularies reflect these two differences in incentives. (JEL D82, G22, H51, I13, I18, L65)