bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La nueva derecha radical de base en el Perú
Authors: Coronel Omar
Published: September 2024

Las elecciones presidenciales de 2021 hicieron que se volviera común hablar de una derecha radical movilizada en Perú. Durante el Gobierno de Pedro Castillo, quien gobernó con bloques de izquierdas entre 2021 y 2022, diversos colectivos de derecha radical se movilizaron permanentemente en las calles de diferentes ciudades en rechazo al Gobierno y a quienes se veían como sus aliados. En un país con partidos y movimientos sociales débiles, donde es particularmente difícil sostener la acción colectiva contenciosa, ¿cómo fue posible que la oposición de derecha radical a Castillo sostuviera protestas durante todo su gobierno? En esta investigación se afirma que la preexistencia de un tejido social derechista, que pudo movilizar recursos, y la percepción de amenaza que implicó la candidatura y Gobierno de Castillo hicieron posible el sostenimiento de la campaña de protesta derechista de 19 meses. Este estudio de caso ofrece lecciones para entender la rapidez con la que se pueden desarrollar las derechas de base, inclusive en contextos con pocos antecedentes. Para avanzar este argumento, se construye una base de datos original de organizaciones y acciones colectivas de protesta de derecha radical, entre mayo de 2021 y noviembre de 2022. Además, se revisan las publicaciones en redes sociales de estos colectivos y se consulta tanto investigación académica como periodística relevante
Use of three-dimensional acellular collagen matrix in deep or tunnelling diabetic foot ulcers: a retrospective case series
Authors: Abdo Raymond J , Couch Amy L
Published: September 2024

Objective:

While most xenograft wound matrices are flat sheets not designed for deep or tunnelling wounds, three-dimensional acellular collagen matrices (3D-ACM) can fill deep wound beds and enable full wound wall apposition. This case series examines the use of 3D-ACM in treating diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) that are deep, tunnelling, undermining, or irregularly shaped. We report outcomes of cases where 3D-ACM was applied to deep or tunnelling DFUs present for at least four weeks.

Method:

In this retrospective case series, 3D-ACM was applied, healing was monitored and measurements were collected. Additional 3D-ACM was applied as needed.

Results:

In total, 11 patients with 13 wounds were treated. Improved wound appearance and reduced size were observed at most follow-ups. Mean initial wound depth was 1.6cm, and several wounds showed significant depth reductions shortly after therapy initiation. In total, 62% of wounds (8/13) reached 50% closure by four weeks. Additionally, 54% (7/13) were fully closed by 12 weeks. The remaining 46% (6/13) took between 12–22.3 weeks to heal. Overall mean therapy time was 13.1 weeks (range: 2.0–22.3 weeks). Deeper wounds generally took longer to close.

Conclusion:

The findings of this case series showed that 3D-ACM could offer a protective microenvironment for wound management for deep or tunnelling DFUs. While some took >12 weeks to close, this may be attributable to large initial depths and volumes, rather than a failure to respond to the treatment modality. Other wounds that require a conforming 3D matrix, enabling full wound wall apposition, may benefit from 3D-ACM. Further investigations would be beneficial to understand the capabilities of this treatment modality.
Effectiveness Overview of Agricultural Conservation Practices for Water Quality Improvement Part II
Authors: Book Ruth S. , Frankenberger Jane , Christianson Laura E. , Prasad Laxmi R. , Yuan Yongping
Published: September 2024

Highlights

This article summarizes ten agricultural conservation practices reviewed in both editions of the collection.

Mean sediment load was reduced 73%-80% by residue and tillage management, filter strips, and cover crops.

Mean nitrate-N load reduction ranged from 34%-46% for filter strips and water management practices.

Phosphorus loads and concentrations were reduced by most practices, but dissolved P increased with two practices.

Cost effectiveness varied widely, and these results may help in efforts to prioritize conservation implementation.

Abstract. Although significant governmental investment has been provided to implement agricultural conservation practices (ACPs) for water quality improvement, eutrophication and hypoxia persist in coastal and fresh waters. A better understanding of the comparative effectiveness of ACPs is needed to improve environmental outcomes with the funding available. The objectives of this overview article are to (1) compare the performance and cost effectiveness among all the ACPs reviewed in both the first and second editions of the Special Collection and (2) present critical perspectives for researchers, policymakers, and funding entities seeking to improve water quality.

The ten ACPs reviewed encompassed a range of goals, strategies, and landscape placement and varied widely in performance for their reduction of sediment, nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) and their cost-effectiveness. Three ACPs included performance measures for all three constituents: sediment, N, and P, whereas others focused only on N (nine ACPs) and/or P (six ACPs). The four ACPs that are considered “water management” practices: drainage water management, denitrifying bioreactor, saturated buffer, and constructed wetland were all effective in mitigating the effects of nutrients in subsurface drainage water and showed average nitrate-N load reductions of 40%-46%. In contrast, few practices were found effective in reducing dissolved P (DP) loss from agricultural fields. Four ACPs (residue and tillage management, conservation crop rotation, drainage water management, and nutrient management) demonstrated possible net economic benefits, while perspectives were provided for prioritizing financial assistance for other ACPs. Monitoring recommendations developed during the literature reviews highlighted the need for more long-term field-scale monitoring to better reflect multi-year climatic variability. Keywords: Constructed wetland, Cost effectiveness, Cover crop, Crop rotation, Denitrifying bioreactor, Drainage water management, Filter strip, Monitoring, Nitrogen, Nutrient management, Performance effectiveness, Phosphorus, Residue and tillage management, Saturat
Systematic Review of Best Management Practice Implementation for Agricultural Phosphorus Management in Florida: A 30-Year Overview
Authors: Palacios-Linares Daniel , Guzman Sandra M.
Published: September 2024

Highlights

BMPs have been proven to be efficient in managing P loads in Florida.

BMP efficiencies vary between 20% and 80%, with few higher than 50%.

Integration of modeling strategies and field demonstrations could improve BMP efficiencies.

Further implementation of testbeds and pilot studies could improve adoption and enhance our understanding of BMP efficiency.

Abstract. In Florida, the implementation of best management practices (BMPs) has significantly reduced phosphorous (P) loads from the Everglades Agricultural Area (EAA) into the Lake Okeechobee watershed over the past two decades. While the removal of over 6,165 metric tons of total phosphorus entering the Everglades Protection Area is a notable achievement, some freshwater sources continue to exceed established limits (Naja et al., 2017), demanding a critical examination of BMP efficiency at managing low P concentrations. In this systematic literature review, we analyzed peer-reviewed journal manuscripts published over the past 30 years, focusing on the intersection of phosphorus management, water, Florida, and the environment. The dataset synthesized from our review provides insights into the efficiency of BMPs in terms of P management over time. Our findings show a predominant focus on stormwater treatment areas (STAs) and constructed wetlands as BMPs with demonstrated good efficiency. However, the variability in reported efficiencies underscores the complexity of phosphorus pollution and its impacts. Treatment trains ranged from 20% to 39% for the lower range of efficiency in phosphorus removal and from 60% to 79% for the higher range of efficiency. Focusing on strategies with higher P load reduction efficiencies could enhance future management strategies in Florida. Field-based pilot studies with well-defined control settings can facilitate long-term evaluations of P management programs that allow the implementation of BMPs. Similarly, the evaluation of new technologies, including materials, precision-smart practices, and the integration of modeling strategies with field-scale studies suggest a promising approach to engaging stakeholders in achieving higher BMP efficiencies. This systematic review highlights current BMP strategies that have demonstrated high P load reduction efficiency. There is a need for continued research that simultaneously assesses strategies to reduce P pollution before it forms and employs a multidimensional approach to P management. This approach should integrate multiple successful BMPs through field and modeling strategies. Keywords: , Agriculture, Best Management Practices (BMP), Florida, Non-point source pollutants, Phosphorus loads.
Characteristics study of a dual-wavelength polarization filter based on gold-filled square lattice photonic crystal fiber
Authors: Ying Yu , Ge Huan , Si Guangyuan , Gao Zhijun
Published: September 2024

This study proposes a polarization filter based on gold-filled photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with a square lattice structure. Utilizing the finite element method (FEM), the filtering characteristics of the model were numerically simulated. The dispersion relation and loss characteristics of this structure were analyzed, and the optimal structural parameters were obtained through structural adjustments. Furthermore, the performance of the filter was evaluated under a 2% variation in manufacturing tolerances for gold film thickness (), air hole spacing (), and air hole diameters () and (). Results indicated that at the 1310 nm and 1550 nm communication windows, the confinement losses of the filter were 1354.6 dB/cm and 869.04 dB/cm, respectively, while the losses for the -polarization were merely 16.97 dB/cm and 0.98 dB/cm. When the filter length was set to 0.5 mm, the maximum extinction ratios (ERs) for the two windows reached 588.2 dB and 370.6 dB, and the filter bandwidth extended to 640 nm. Moreover, the characteristics of the filter under manufacturing tolerances were computed, revealing that the filter’s performance remained stable and feasible despite manufacturing errors. The proposed rectangular gold-coated PCF is anticipated to have broad applications in optical fiber communication and optical information processing.
Large depth-of-focus achievement based on an aspheric lens with a ring
Authors: Tang Ruomei
Published: September 2024

Terahertz (THz) imaging technology has been widely studied because of its easy penetration of non-polar materials and low photon energy. To acquire a beam featuring both excellent transverse spatial resolution and a considerable depth-of-focus (DOF) to fulfill the demands of two-dimensional and three-dimensional THz imaging, this paper presents an aspheric lens with ring (ALR). The ALR has a controlled diameter of 50 mm, can be machined by 3D-printed technology, and does not need to use complex imaging optical paths to achieve the large DOF function. In a transmitted point-scan imaging system with a 140 GHz light source, the lens can achieve both a resolution of 6 mm and an effective DOF of 66.4 mm for objects greater than 27 mm from the lens surface.
All-optical remotely controllable 1 × 8 silicon thermo-optic switch based on Mach-Zehnder interferometers
Authors: Liang Zhu , Shoji Yuya
Published: September 2024

We have proposed an all-optical switch based on a thermo-optic (TO) phase shifter with pump lights to control the on/off state of signal lights. In this study, we experimentally demonstrate the 1 × 8 Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI)-based silicon TO switch that performed broadband switching with the worst crosstalk of 15.2 dB in the C-band wavelength range and minimum insertion loss of 5.0 dB. Using a titanium metal heater, the elementary unit of this device, the 1 × 2 MZI-based TO switch, exhibited a π-phase-shift power Pπ of 46.2 mW with switching times of 1.7 µs and 4.4 µs for 10%–90% rising time and 90%–10% falling time, respectively. Moreover, our proposed device can find applications in passive optical network systems to achieve remote control in all-optical signal processing.
Spatially distributed low-cross talk vector beams
Authors: Yang Jianhe , Tao Shaohua
Published: September 2024

A spatially distributed low-cross talk vector beam refers to a vector beam that exhibits different intensities, phases, and polarization states along the propagation direction. This type of vector beam features low-cross talk between beams on different planes and finds extensive applications in optical communications and related fields. However, current technologies face challenges such as intensity interference at different imaging planes and difficulties in the precise control of phases and polarization states, which affect beam quality. In this study, we investigated the beam propagation process and employed a global optimization strategy to precisely control the intensity and phase distribution of the beam fields. This approach ensures that the beam forms the desired complex amplitude distribution in the target region while effectively suppressing cross talk in non-target regions. We utilized the method to generate two beams with complementary intensities and phases. Subsequently, through an interference optical path, we separated these two beams and converted them into orthogonal polarization states. Finally, by superimposing these two beams, we obtained a spatially varying low-cross talk vector beam. We experimentally validated the beam’s different optical characteristics and low-cross talk properties on three planes. Our work opens up new prospects, to the best of our knowledge, for holographic technology with capabilities for ultra-fine depth control and polarization multiplexing.
Pupil-centric imaging model for zoom camera calibration
Authors: Shang Hang , Liu Changying
Published: September 2024

Zoom camera calibration has always been challenging, as arbitrary zoom/focus settings change the camera parameters. Current calibration methods are based on the pinhole imaging model, which results in coupled calibration parameters due to the lack of geometric/physical constraints. In this Letter, we present a novel, to the best of our knowledge, pupil-centric imaging model that accounts for the camera’s radial, decentering, and mustache distortions at various zoom settings using exit pupil offsets and a non-frontal lens-sensor model. Therefore, we provide a reasonable physical explanation for the different distortion effects. Global optimization is performed based on the proposed initial camera calibration and bundle adjustment under several zoom and autofocus setting combinations. Experiments using three representative zoom cameras demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Its relative measurement accuracy is better than that of current state-of-the-art methods.
Random OAM-inducing scatterers
Authors: Korotkova Olga
Published: September 2024

Weakly fluctuating media with scattering potential correlation functions having cylindrical symmetry and helical correlations are predicted to induce highly controllable distributions of orbital angular momentum (OAM) states to incident light on its far-field forward scattering.
A new lineage nomenclature to aid genomic surveillance of dengue virus
Authors: Hill Verity , Cleemput Sara , Pereira James Siqueira , Gifford Robert J. , Fonseca Vagner , Tegally Houriiyah , Brito Anderson F. , Ribeiro Gabriela , de Souza Vinicius Carius , Brcko Isabela Carvalho , Ribeiro Igor Santana , De Lima Iago Trezena Tavares , Slavov Svetoslav Nanev , Sampaio Sandra Coccuzzo , Elias Maria Carolina , Tran Vi Thuy , Kien Duong Thi Hue , Huynh Tuyen , Yacoub Sophie , Dieng Idrissa , Salvato Richard , Wallau Gabriel Luz , Gregianini Tatiana S. , Godinho Fernanda M. S. , Vogels Chantal B. F. , Breban Mallery I. , Leguia Mariana , Jagtap Suraj , Roy Rahul , Hapuarachchi Chanditha , Mwanyika Gaspary , Giovanetti Marta , Alcantara Luiz C. J. , Faria Nuno R. , Carrington Christine V. F. , Hanley Kathryn A. , Holmes Edward C. , Dumon Wim , Lima Alex Ranieri Jerônimo , Oliveira Tulio de , Grubaugh Nathan D.
Published: September 2024

Dengue virus (DENV) is currently causing epidemics of unprecedented scope in endemic settings and expanding to new geographical areas. It is therefore critical to track this virus using genomic surveillance. However, the complex patterns of viral genomic diversity make it challenging to use the existing genotype classification system. Here, we propose adding 2 sub-genotypic levels of virus classification, named major and minor lineages. These lineages have high thresholds for phylogenetic distance and clade size, rendering them stable between phylogenetic studies. We present assignment tools to show that the proposed lineages are useful for regional, national, and subnational discussions of relevant DENV diversity. Moreover, the proposed lineages are robust to classification using partial genome sequences. We provide a standardized neutral descriptor of DENV diversity with which we can identify and track lineages of potential epidemiological and/or clinical importance. Information about our lineage system, including methods to assign lineages to sequence data and propose new lineages, can be found at: dengue-lineages.org.
Inequality as determinant of donation: A theoretical modeling and empirical analysis of Korea
Authors: Sohn Sang Hak , Yoon Jong Mun , Jeon Seongmin
Published: September 2024

Recipient financial need is a crucial factor in donation decisions. This study proposes a novel model for determining financial donations, incorporating consumption levels of both donor and recipient within a societal context. Solving our model’s utility maximization problem reveals how consumption, donation, and savings are interlinked. Empirical evidence reinforces these findings, aligning with prior research and showing that larger consumption gaps between donors and recipients lead to increased donations. Our findings point towards an inherent altruistic motivation in donation, where elevating the recipient’s well-being ultimately enhances the donor’s own utility. This reinforces the notion that consideration of the recipient’s financial hardship, as reflected by their consumption patterns, is crucial when making donation decisions. Shifting beyond traditional models, this study introduces a groundbreaking approach to financial donations. Our novel model factors in consumption levels of both the donor and recipient, along with the broader societal context, using utility maximization to unravel the intertwined decisions of consumption, donation, and savings. Real-world data validates our model, confirming known donation factors and revealing a key finding: larger disparities in consumption lead to increased giving, suggesting an altruistic drive where helping others boosts personal satisfaction.
Visuomotor predictors of interception
Authors: Márquez Inmaculada , Treviño Mario
Published: September 2024

Intercepting moving targets is a fundamental skill in human behavior, influencing various domains such as sports, gaming, and other activities. In these contexts, precise visual processing and motor control are crucial for adapting and navigating effectively. Nevertheless, there are still some gaps in our understanding of how these elements interact while intercepting a moving target. This study explored the dynamic interplay among eye movements, pupil size, and interceptive hand movements, with visual and motion uncertainty factors. We developed a simple visuomotor task in which participants used a joystick to interact with a computer-controlled dot that moved along two-dimensional trajectories. This virtual system provided the flexibility to manipulate the target’s speed and directional uncertainty during chase trials. We then conducted a geometric analysis based on optimal angles for each behavior, enabling us to distinguish between simple tracking and predictive trajectories that anticipate future positions of the moving target. Our results revealed the adoption of a strong interception strategy as participants approached the target. Notably, the onset and amount of optimal interception strategy depended on task parameters, such as the target’s speed and frequency of directional changes. Furthermore, eye-tracking data showed that participants continually adjusted their gaze speed and position, continuously adapting to the target’s movements. Finally, in successful trials, pupillary responses predicted the amount of optimal interception strategy while exhibiting an inverse relationship in trials without collisions. These findings reveal key interactions among visuomotor parameters that are crucial for solving complex interception tasks.
Work intensity and fat mass percentage are associated with asymptomatic morphometric vertebral fractures in knee osteoarthritis patients: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Zolkiply Izzatul Nadiah , Wong Kah Keng , Mohammad Sallehudin Hakimah , Bidin Mohammad Zulkarnain , Che Hamzah Fahrudin , Bahari Norafida , Wan Ghazali Wan Syamimee
Published: September 2024

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a common condition with a prevalence of 365 million individuals globally, and it is an independent risk factor for falls and fractures, notably asymptomatic morphometric vertebral fractures (AMVF). The high prevalence of knee OA, the severity of AMVF, and their combined impacts on quality of life underscore the need for early detection, appropriate treatment and management. To address this, our cross-sectional study aims to identify potential predictive factors associated with AMVF in knee OA patients. Our cohort consisted of 76 patients diagnosed with knee OA, predominantly female (84.2%), of Malay ethnicity (84.2%), and obese (55.3%). In univariable analysis, significant association was found between occupation (moderate or heavy work) and AMVF (p<0.001). Diabetes mellitus comorbidity (p = 0.016) and fat mass percentage (p = 0.027) also demonstrated a significant association with AMVF in knee OA patients. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that an increase in fat mass percentage resulted in decreased AMVF incidence (HR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.70–0.97; p = 0.018), while occupation (moderate or heavy work) remained a highly significant predictor (HR: 57.76, 95% CI: 4.23–788.57; p = 0.002). These findings support the potential importance of considering occupational activities and body fat composition in managing AMVF among knee OA patients, but further research is required to establish causal relationships.
Peptide nucleic acids can form hairpins and bind RNA-binding proteins
Authors: Zhong Yichen , Wilkinson-White Lorna , Zhang Esther , Mohanty Biswaranjan , Zhang Belinda B. , McRae Madeline S. , Luo Rachel , Allport Thomas A. , Duff Anthony P. , Zhao Jennifer , El-Kamand Serene , Du Plessis Mar-Dean , Cubeddu Liza , Gamsjaeger Roland , Ataide Sandro F. , Kwan Ann H.
Published: September 2024

RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are a major class of proteins that interact with RNAs to change their fate or function. RBPs and the ribonucleoprotein complexes they constitute are involved in many essential cellular processes. In many cases, the molecular details of RBP:RNA interactions differ between viruses, prokaryotes and eukaryotes, making prokaryotic and viral RBPs good potential drug targets. However, targeting RBPs with small molecules has so far been met with limited success as RNA-binding sites tend to be extended, shallow and dynamic with a mixture of charged, polar and hydrophobic interactions. Here, we show that peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) with nucleic acid-like binding properties and a highly stable peptide-like backbone can be used to target some RBPs. We have designed PNAs to mimic the short RNA stem-loop sequence required for the initiation of prokaryotic signal recognition particle (SRP) assembly, a target for antibiotics development. Using a range of biophysical and biochemical assays, the designed PNAs were demonstrated to fold into a hairpin structure, bind the targeted protein and compete with the native RNA hairpin to inhibit SRP formation. To show the applicability of PNAs against other RBPs, a PNA was also shown to bind Nsp9 from SARS-CoV-2, a protein that exhibits non-sequence-specific RNA binding but preferentially binds hairpin structures. Taken together, our results support that PNAs can be a promising class of compounds for targeting RNA-binding activities in RBPs.
Az intelligens szálloda: Az MI és a szállodaipar közötti együttműködés kihívásai és lehetőségei
Authors: Kökény Levente
Published: September 2024

A tanulmány a mesterséges intelligencia (MI) szállodaiparra gyakorolt átalakító hatásait vizsgálja, különös figyelemmel azon lehetőségekre, amelyek az operatív folyamatok finomítását, a vendégélmények jelentős javítását, és az emberi erőforrások hatékonyabb kihasználását ígérik.
A szisztematikus szakirodalmi áttekintés módszertanát alkalmazva 45 releváns forrás került feldolgozásra. A kutatásból kiderül, hogy az MI integrációja leginkább az ügyfélélmény növelésére van hatással, habár a luxus szállodák esetében inkább csak kiegészítő szolgáltatásként jelenik meg, ami a következő generációk (Z és alfa) esetében, a későbbiekben változhat. A nem luxus szállodáknál más a helyzet, itt az emberi jelenlét kevésbé fontos a vendégeknek, így az MI-eszközöket könnyebb elfogadtatni. A kutatás továbbá kitér arra, hogy habár az MI ígéretes lehetőségeket kínál a
hatékonyság és az innováció terén, jogos aggodalmak merülnek fel a munkahelyek biztonsága, az integrálási nehézségek és az új technológia elfogadása kapcsán.
E-kormányzás Malajziában – Technológiaelfogadás önkormányzati alkalmazottak körében
Authors: Abdul Wahi Nur Syuhaini , Berényi László
Published: September 2024

A technológiai fejlesztések sikerességének fontos tényezője annak megfelelő elfogadása a felhasználók által. A közszférában ennek biztosítása különös figyelmet érdemel. A tanulmány kérdőíves felméréssel malajziai önkormányzatok példáján keresztül vizsgálja egy általános e-kormányzási rendszer (e-PBT) elfogadását. Célja a befolyásoló tényezők feltárása és integrált keretmodell kidolgozásához való hozzájárulás. A vizsgálatok eredményei a bevont modellek használhatóságát igazolják a téma további kutatásához. A 609 elemű minta közepestől jobb elfogadási feltételeket mutat, de életkor, nem, munkatapasztalat és az önkormányzat típusa szerint szignifikáns eltéréseket találtak a szerzők. Az idősebbek és több munkatapasztalattal rendelkezők bizalma alacsonyabb a rendszerben, illetve a kerületi önkormányzati egységekben a városiaktól jobb az elfogadás szintje. Az elfogadás területén mért ilyen különbségek a dinamikus fejlődés jelentős korlátjának tekinthetők, a problémák megoldásához egyetlen egységes képzési és motivációs stratégia nem elegendő.
Spatial and temporal dynamics of near-bottom dissolved oxygen in the central basin of Lake Erie
Authors: Ackerman J.D. , Smith G.J. , Boegman L. , Rao Y.R.
Published: September 2024

Eutrophication continues in Lake Erie and low oxygen concentration remains a concern in the central basin of the lake. Summertime dissolved oxygen concentrations can be hypoxic (low dissolved oxygen) and anoxic (dissolved oxygen <1 mg l-1) in the hypolimnion. We examined the spatial and temporal patterns of hypoxia in the central basin along a ∼ 26 km west-east station transect in the western portion of the central basin (depth gradient from 11.4 m in the west to 20 m in the east). Water column properties were monitored using moored instruments (dissolved oxygen, temperature, turbidity, Chlorophyll a fluorescence) and instrument profiling during cruises in 2008 and 2009. Hypoxia was examined using a biologically relevant value of 40% dissolved oxygen saturation (i.e. ∼4 mg l-1) and 25% dissolved oxygen saturation (i.e. ∼2.5 mg l-1) as used by government agencies. Our goals were to determine the onset and location of hypoxia, as well as the frequency of hypoxic events. We observed differences in the spatial and temporal patterns between the two years, related potentially to different water levels, stronger winds, and a smaller hypolimnion and lower thermocline depth in 2009. Near-bottom hypoxia occurred in the east at the end of June and extended westward by the end of July 2008 using 40% saturation; in early July to mid-August using 25% saturation. The onset of hypoxia (40% sat) occurred earlier in the west in 2009 but was similar to 2008 using 25% saturation. Hypoxia was not static, rather there were a total of ∼100 events of both levels of hypoxia, which were of different duration, noted across the transect in both years. Both the frequency and duration of hypoxic events (> 1 min) were higher and longer in 2008, perhaps related to water circulation and the resuspension of bottom sediment by synoptic-scale storms, which coincided with low oxygen events. Understanding the spatial and temporal patterns of hypoxia provides insight into their effects on habitat quality as well as biogeochemical processes in benthic and hypolimnetic environments in Lake Erie.
Mercury concentrations and potential methylation rates in Lake Erie
Authors: Starr Lindsay D. , McCarthy Mark J. , Hammerschmidt Chad R. , Zastepa Arthur , Newell Silvia E.
Published: September 2024

Little is known about external and internal loading and cycling of bioaccumulative methylmercury in Lake Erie, despite the lake having a world-renowned sport fishery. During the summer/early fall of 2018 to 2021, concentrations and fluxes of total mercury and methylmercury in the water column were examined near the Detroit and Maumee River discharges into western Lake Erie, as well as the junction between Sandusky Bay and central Lake Erie. Average unfiltered total mercury concentrations were similar near the Detroit River (5.4 ± 0.8 pM) and Sandusky Bay inputs (5.3 ± 0.9 pM), which were less than half of those near the Maumee River mouth (11.6 ± 2.8 pM). Similarly, unfiltered methylmercury concentrations near the Detroit River (0.29 ± 0.09 pM) and Sandusky Bay inputs (0.24 ± 0.06 pM) were less than half of those near the Maumee River mouth (0.63 ± 0.21 pM). Potential specific mercury methylation rates measured in central Lake Erie were 0.062 ± 0.027 day-1, 0.045 ± 0.012 day–1 near the Sandusky Bay input, and 0.031 ± 0.006 day–1 at the Detroit River input (Maumee Bay was below detection; rates were not different; Tukey, p >0.87). Compared to previous work, total mercury concentrations in the western basin observed in this study indicate a decrease of about 3.3% yr–1, which may reflect positive impacts of state, provincial, and national legislation (U.S. National Clean Water Act 1990, Ohio Clean Air and Water Act 2004, Ontario Clean Water Act 2006). However, methylmercury concentrations have increased in western Lake Erie from 2010 to 2019, which may reflect the impact of legacy mercury pollution.
Das Ritual des Schweigens
Authors: Benkel Thorsten
Published: September 2024

Welchen Besonderheiten das Schweigen in den sozialen Kommunikationsregeln des Alltagslebens unterliegt, soll in diesem Beitrag anhand der Theorie sozialer Interaktionen von Erving Goffman näher beleuchtet werden.
Mediale Gegenwelten
Authors: Doll Martin
Published: September 2024

Die Entwicklung neuer Technologien geht häufig mit einem Versprechen von politischer Emanzipation einher. Martin Doll begibt sich dazu auf Spurensuche ins 19. Jahrhundert und widmet sich anhand des Mediendenkens von Charles Fourier, Karl Marx und Edward Bellamy folgender Frage: Wie wurden Architektur und (Verkehrs-)Infrastrukturen von der Telegrafie bis hin zu ersten Formen der automatisierten Datenerhebung zusammen mit sozialen Neuerungen als Triebfedern politischer Veränderung konzipiert? Dabei wird deutlich: Nicht jede Gegenwart muss notwendig auf ewig weiter in die Zukunft geführt werden.
Chinas »Zerrissene Generation«
Authors: Schneider-Vielsäcker Frederike
Published: September 2024

Staatliche Zukunftsvisionen eines florierenden Landes sind in China vorgelebte Realität. Als Gegenentwurf dazu analysiert Frederike Schneider-Vielsäcker die kritische Auseinandersetzung mit sozialpolitischen Diskursen in Science-Fiction-Erzählungen der chinesischen Post-80er-Generation (balinghou). Sie eröffnet einen bisher unbekannten Blick auf die Ästhetik, Poetik und subversiven Qualitäten chinesischer Science-Fiction, welche die gelebten Realitäten einer Generation von Einzelkindern im urbanen China des 21. Jahrhunderts zutage bringt. Zugleich veranschaulicht sie die tiefgreifenden wirtschaftlichen und sozialen Veränderungen dieser Ära - und macht so ein Leben jenseits des »Chinesischen Traums« sichtbar.
Chancen und Herausforderungen bei der Anwendung des universellen Designs (Universal Design) in der Hochschullehre
Authors: Schütt Marie-Luise , Peschke Susanne
Published: September 2024

Marie-Luise Schütt und Susanne Peschke widmen sich in diesem Beitrag der Frage, welche Chancen und Herausforderungen das Konzept des Universellen Designs (insbesondere Universal Design for Learning/UDL) für die Gestaltung der Hochschullehre in Deutschland bietet. Die Autorinnen analysieren aktuelle Reviewartikel aus dem inter-(nationalen) Raum und betrachten, wie UDL dazu beitragen kann, inklusivere und barrierefreie Lehr- und Lernprozesse in der Hochschule zu realisieren. Der Beitrag erläutert u.a. die positive Wirkung von UDL-Prinzipien auf die Lernmotivation und den Lernerfolg sowie die Notwendigkeit von qualifizierten Lehrenden für deren Umsetzung.
Vergleichende Analyse der Lernleistung zwischen einem digitalen Selbstlernkurs und einer inhaltsgleichen Präsenzeinheit zur Ingenieurmathematik
Authors: Dechant-Herrera Katja , Altieri Mike , Bach Stephan
Published: September 2024

Dechant-Herrera, Altieri und Bach widmen sich in diesem Beitrag der Frage, inwieweit sich die Klausurergebnisse in einem abgegrenzten Themenbereich der Ingenieurmathematik zwischen einer Gruppe Studierender unterscheiden, bei der die Stoffvermittlung im Präsenzunterricht oder mithilfe einer digitalen Selbstlernumgebung stattfand. Für die Analyse der Lernleistung wurden die Klausurergebnisse mit denen einer früheren Kohorte verglichen, bei der dieselben Inhalte in einer Präsenzveranstaltung behandelt wurden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen einen negativen Trend in allen betrachteten Themengebieten, der ausschließlich im digitalen Setting nicht signifikant ist. Das Potenzial des Selbstlernkurses zur Abschwächung dieses Negativtrends eröffnet Möglichkeiten für eine Weiterentwicklung digitaler Lehre.
Blended Learning und Diversitätsaspekte von Studierenden
Authors: Treiber Eva
Published: September 2024

Eva Treiber gibt in diesem Beitrag Einblicke in ein Seminar für angehende Grundschullehrkräfte, das mittels eines Blended-Learning-Formats anbietet, der Diversität von Studierenden hinsichtlich der (wahrgenommenen) Vorkenntnisse und der Interessen Rechnung zu tragen. Dafür wird bei der Gestaltung des Seminars und der asynchronen Seminarteile auf das Prinzip der natürlichen Differenzierung und des selbstgesteuerten Lernens zurückgegriffen. Im Beitrag werden verschiedene, insbesondere optionale, Gestaltungselemente der asynchronen Seminarteile vorgestellt. Außerdem wird berichtet, wie die Gestaltungselemente von den Studierenden angenommen wurden.
Klausur-Booklets zur Stärkung von Methodenkompetenzen und zur Reduktion von Prokrastination
Authors: Herrmann Dominik
Published: September 2024

Semesterbegleitendes Mitlernen scheitert oft an fehlender Methodenkompetenz und der Neigung zur Prokrastination. Klausur-Booklets versprechen Abhilfe: Dabei erlauben Lehrende ihren Studierenden, semesterbegleitend bis zu 15 handschriftliche Notizzettel anzufertigen und als Hilfsmittel in der Prüfung zu nutzen. Klausur-Booklets überwinden die Nachteile von Open-Book-Klausuren und anderen Anreizsystemen wie Midterm Exams und Bonuspunk- ten. Sie üben einen starken Anreiz auf die Studierenden aus, können die Prüfungskultur verbessern und lassen sich basierend auf den bisherigen organisatorischen und technischen Erfahrungen gut umsetzen. Vor diesem Hintergrund erscheint es sinnvoll, der Vermittlung von Methodenkompetenz in bestehenden Lehrveranstaltungen mehr Raum zu geben.
Der Vierländerrat
Authors: Clarissa Loew Laura
Published: September 2024

Der Vierländerrat in Polen war die größte Institution jüdischer Selbstverwaltung in der frühen Neuzeit, seine Kompetenzen betrafen beinahe alle Lebensbereiche der jüdischen Bevölkerung Kronpolens. Er stand dabei in engem Austausch mit den polnischen politischen Institutionen. Der folgende Artikel untersucht die Kommunikation des Vierländerrats mit der nicht-jüdischen Umgebung unter dem Prisma der Mehrsprachigkeit und stellt dadurch Handlungsräume der jüdischen Selbstverwaltung in Polen heraus.
Radical Decommunisation and Urban Practices in Wartime Kharkiv, Ukraine
Authors: Grivina Viktoriia
Published: September 2024

In this paper I would like to draw on the changes that have happened to the visual, symbolic and aesthetic spaces of a Ukrainian city of Kharkiv after February 24, 2022. Known as a trade and university hub, Kharkiv had been a peaceful city for more than seventy years between 1944 and 2022. And if the local authorities had been taking enhanced security measures prior to the full-scale invasion, for the majority of the city dwellers the first bombings of such neighbourhoods as New Saltivka or Horizont came as a shock. Although in the first days some locals went on with their routines (went to work, used local transportation to visit their loved ones or make purchases), with more destructions came the realization that life in the city was not going to be the same. Those weren't only everyday routines that have changed since. As the frontline started to move away from the residential areas in May, 2022, and people beagn to return, discussions of the more fundamental nature were launched. Among them rapidly proliferating plans of urban reconstruction and general architectural plan, that not only city council, but also local activists started to present, as well as the renaming of the streets that bear associations with Russia, and further deinstallation of the soviet insignia. Interestingly, despite continuous danger of the shelling and bombs, local communities have been very active in the discussions over these issues, putting them on par with the restoring of gas and water supplies to their homes. It appears that, in concert with Jacques Rancière's theory of public spaces, the war has brought the city into the regime of politics, where many of the previously set rules are to be re-negotiated. In the presentation I would like to focus on debates that have been circulating in the city around the renaming of the streets, deconstruction and building of the places of memory, as well as the propositions on what to do with the Soviet heritage that had been destroyed in the war.
Was sich tun muss: Neue Perspektiven auf Osteuropa im Seminarraum
Authors: Kindler Robert
Published: September 2024

Robert Kindler diskutiert in seinem Beitrag die Frage, wie sich der russisch-ukrainische Krieg auf die universitäre Lehre im Fach »Osteuropäische Geschichte« auswirken wird.
Ottoman until proven otherwise
Authors: Bajramovic Ajla
Published: September 2024

How do we understand authenticity when discussing a building that went through several different construction phases? Is only its initial and intended state considered 'original'? Can local memory influence its perceived authenticity? Using the Behram-beg mosque in Tuzla as a case study, this paper seeks answers to these questions by examining transformations the mosque experienced since its construction in 1888, followed by interventions around 1895, in the 1960s and since 2018. It also addresses the newly uncovered wall decoration from the late 19th century, as well as the change in the object's cultural significance brought about by the ongoing restoration/reconstruction project.
Das patriarchale Schulbuch? - Historische Inhalte in der Grundschule
Authors: Lentz Christina , Wolter Heike
Published: September 2024

Textbooks frame, through their material, textual and graphic design, instruction and knowledge acquisition and impact - beyond classroom doors - attitudes and opinions. This article investigates comparatively, how the youngest generation of Norwegian and Bavarian elementary school textbooks discusses and presents gender in historical contexts.
Demokratie fehlt Begegnung
Authors: Manthe Rainald
Published: September 2024

Demokratie fehlt Begegnung: Schwimmbäder, Jugendclubs, Bibliotheken oder Sportvereine werden weniger. Individuelle Freizeitgestaltung, digitale Medien und zuletzt die Coronapandemie haben vielen Begegnungsstätten den Rest gegeben. Aber Demokratie braucht Räume des Zusammentreffens, damit sie dauerhaft funktioniert. Rainald Manthe fokussiert auf solche Begegnungsorte des Alltags: Straßen und Bahnen, Parks und Cafés, die Dorfkneipe und Elternabende. Denn nur durch die Wahrnehmung von Diversität, durch die Bildung sozialer Beziehungen und durch gemeinsame Aktivitäten entsteht die unverzichtbare Basis, auf der moderne, vielfältige Demokratien funktionieren und sich den großen Transformationen unserer Zeit stellen können.
Grüne Öffentlichkeiten
Authors: Schuster Nina
Published: September 2024

Während Urban Gardening in Gesellschaft und sozialwissenschaftlicher Stadtforschung viel Aufmerksamkeit erhält, bleiben die historisch etablierteren und größeren Kleingärten bisher merkwürdig blass. Nina Schuster ändert das und erforscht das soziale Miteinander in verschiedenen Kleingartenvereinen einer west- und einer ostdeutschen Großstadt. Sie fragt, wie Stadtbewohner*innen dort trotz sozialer Ungleichheiten miteinander in Kontakt treten und inwiefern Orte sowie spezifische Praktiken in Kleingärten Begegnungen und Differenzaushandlung unterschiedlicher Menschen ermöglichen. Dabei zeigt sich: Kleingärten sind als Mikroöffentlichkeiten bedeutsame Kontexte für soziale Aushandlungsprozesse der städtischen Gesellschaft.
Lesbische* Eigenzeiten
Authors: Afken Janin
Published: September 2024

Welche Rolle spielt Temporalität in der Literatur? Aufbauend auf der soziologischen Arbeit Helga Nowotnys überträgt Janin Afken erstmals das Konzept der »Eigenzeiten« auf die bislang in der Forschung vernachlässigte lesbisch*-feministische* Literatur der 1970er Jahre. In einer vergleichenden Analyse von sechs Werken aus der BRD und der DDR setzt sie den Fokus sowohl auf das performative Erschreiben alternativer (lesbischer*) Wirklichkeiten jenseits der heteronormativ-patriarchalen Zeitökonomie als auch auf die Reflexion der Schreibprozesse - und entwickelt die Darstellung diverser Zeitmodelle im Sinne einer queeren Literaturwissenschaft weiter.
Konzepte von Authentizität in der Hamburger Open Mic-Community
Authors: Reuter Alexander Frederik
Published: September 2024

Alexander Frederik Reuter widmet sich in diesem Beitrag der Frage, wie das partizipative Veranstaltungsformat "Open Mic" mit Konzepten von Authentizität konnotiert wird. Als Teil einer größeren Feldstudie basiert der Artikel auf qualitativen Interviews mit Personen, die bei entsprechenden Veranstaltungen in Hamburg involviert sind oder waren. Singer-Songwriter, als hauptsächliche Bühnenakteure bei Open Mics, werden an sich bereits häufig mit Konzepten von Authentizität konnotiert. Da bei Open Mics zudem nicht gefiltert wird, wer auftreten darf, werden solche Veranstaltungen vielfach gesehen als Räume künstlerischer Freiheit, in denen die Erfordernisse der Musikindustrie zurückgestellt werden können. Nichtsdestotrotz sind diese Welten nicht als getrennt voneinander zu betrachten.
Songwriting Camps. Geschichte, Theorien und Erkenntnisse zur Fließband-Produktion von populärer Musik
Authors: Ahlers Michael , Herbst Jan-Peter
Published: September 2024

This chapter looks at songwriting camps, a contemporary collaborative music pro- duction space convened by music publishers, record labels, aggregators or collec- ting societies. Creative professionals with different qualifications come together in these camps to divide the labor of writing songs in an assembly line fashion. Ba- sed on a literature review, this chapter provides historical insights and attempts to highlight developments. It discusses key issues around collaborative songwri- ting to evaluate how recent songwriting camps fit into the practices of popular music songwriting dating back to the early twentieth century. The songwriting profession is characterized by opposites, as is its recent manifestation in camps: Songwriting is fundamentally creative and liberating, but also formulaic and bound by various musical, creative, social, organizational and legal constraints. Commercial songwriting can be personal, expressive and authentic, but usually takes place within structures that are primarily geared towards commercial ex- ploitation and success. Songwriting camps are the most recent manifestation of the assembly line production of popular music and perhaps represent the culmi- nation of these frictions.
Introduction - Teaching Artistic Strategies. Playing with Materiality, Aesthetics and Ambiguity
Authors: Kargin Fatma , King Dorothée , Savic Selena
Published: September 2024

Artistic strategies have a great transformative potential to improving research, teaching, and artistic expression. The contributors to this volume show how to unleash this potential by presenting a variety of epistemological experiments at the intersection of artistic research, pedagogy, and innovative practices in art and design education. The diversity of contributions demonstrates the non-exhaustive space for experimental phenomenological adventures. This collection strengthens new communities of educators and researchers in arts and design, whose practices are built on the concept of care as empathetic knowledge production.
Formalisierte Entschädigung
Authors: Sauer Sina
Published: September 2024

Für die Entwicklung einer administrativen Entschädigungspraxis der nationalsozialistischen Verbrechen nach Ende des Zweiten Weltkriegs in Deutschland waren Papierdokumente von zentraler Bedeutung. Am Beispiel des Verfahrens der Hamburger Jüdin Elsa Saenger von 1948 bis 1959 zeigt Sina Sauer, dass Formulare keine passiven Informationsträger sind, sondern Ergebnis und Folie diskursiver Gestaltungsprozesse, die Werte- und Normenvorstellungen ihrer Erstellenden abbilden. Aufgrund ihrer semiotischen Spezifik übernahmen Formulare die ordnende Aufgabe, das weitläufige Feld der Entschädigung antisemitischer und rassistischer Enteignungspolitik in der bundesdeutschen Nachkriegszeit verwaltbar zu machen - oder zumindest deren Versuch.
Über Identitäten und Selbstverständnis medizinischen Personals in Zeiten künstlicher Intelligenz und Algorithmierung
Authors: Bongert Tabea , Schwarz Dhenya
Published: September 2024

Dhenya Schwarz und Tabea Bongert widmen sich in diesem Beitrag der Frage des Selbstverständnisses der Ärztinnen und Ärzten im Umgang und der Verwendung mit KI gestützten Verfahren, die entgegen des in den Medien postulierten Ablebens des/der Ärzt:in stabil erscheint. Es soll beleuchtet werden, woher diese Angst von Patientinnen und Patienten von der KI als Entscheidungsbevollmächtigter herrührt und welches Wandlungspotenzial die KI auf die Profession der Medizin hat. Die Fragestellung wurde mithilfe von Interviews mit Ärztinnen und Ärzten sowie mit den Begrifflichkeiten des Netzwerkanalytikers White untersucht, dessen Theorie Stabilisierungs- und Wandlungsfaktoren geeignet einfangen, analysieren und erklären kann.