bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of endoprosthesis type on inflammatory response in patients undergoing endoscopic drainage of pancreatic fluid collections
Authors: Bang Ji Young , Wilcox Charles Mel , Navaneethan Udayakumar , Hawes Robert , Varadarajulu Shyam
Published: April 2023

Objective

To study the impact of endoprosthesis type on inflammatory response in patients undergoing endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)‐guided drainage of pancreatic fluid collections (PFC).

Methods

Patients undergoing EUS‐guided PFC drainage and treated using lumen‐apposing metal stents (LAMS) or plastic endoprostheses constituted the study cohort. The primary outcome was the presence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) after index intervention. Secondary outcomes were persistent organ failure, new onset organ failure, duration of hospitalization, and treatment success.

Results

In all, 303 patients were treated using LAMS (n = 247) or plastic stents (n = 56). At 48 h postintervention, the presence of SIRS (25.0 vs. 14.2%, P = 0.047), new onset SIRS (10.0 vs. 1.8%, P = 0.017), and new organ failure (5.4 vs. 0.4%, P = 0.003) were significantly higher in the plastic stent cohort compared to LAMS. On multivariable logistic regression analysis, the use of plastic stents (odds ratio [OR] 2.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2–6.0, P = 0.014), patients receiving high‐acuity care (OR 5.1, 95% CI 2.5–10.4, P < 0.001) and the presence of ≥33% of necrosis (OR 4.5, 95% CI 2.0–10.0, P < 0.001) were significantly associated with the presence of SIRS or new organ failure. While there was no significant difference in treatment success (96.4 vs. 95.5%, P = 0.77), duration of hospitalization was significantly longer for the plastic stent cohort (mean [standard deviation] 12.5 [17.8] vs. 7.9 [10.1] days, P = 0.009).

Conclusions

Use of plastic stents as compared to LAMS was associated with a higher proportion of SIRS and new organ failure that prolonged hospital stay. Therefore, placement of LAMS is recommended in sick patients and those with ≥33% necrosis to minimize inflammatory response.
Control of human pancreatic beta cell kinome by glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor biased agonism
Authors: Xiao Jiannan , El Eid Liliane , Buenaventura Teresa , Boutry Raphaël , Bonnefond Amélie , Jones Ben , Rutter Guy A. , Froguel Philippe , Tomas Alejandra
Published: April 2023

Aim

To determine the kinase activity profiles of human pancreatic beta cells downstream of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor (GLP‐1R) balanced versus biased agonist stimulations.

Materials and Methods

This study analysed the kinomic profiles of human EndoC‐βh1 cells following vehicle and GLP‐1R stimulation with the pharmacological agonist exendin‐4, as well as exendin‐4–based biased derivatives exendin‐phe1 and exendin‐asp3 for acute (10‐minute) versus sustained (120‐minute) responses, using PamChip protein tyrosine kinase and serine/threonine kinase assays. The raw data were filtered and normalized using BioNavigator. The kinase analyses were conducted with R, mainly including kinase‐substrate mapping and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis.

Results

The present analysis reveals that kinomic responses are distinct for acute versus sustained GLP‐1R agonist exposure, with individual responses associated with agonists presenting specific bias profiles. According to pathway analysis, several kinases, including JNKs, PKCs, INSR and LKB1, are important GLP‐1R signalling mediators, constituting potential targets for further research on biased GLP‐1R downstream signalling.

Conclusion

The results from this study suggest that differentially biased exendin‐phe1 and exendin‐asp3 can modulate distinct kinase interaction networks. Further understanding of these mechanisms will have important implications for the selection of appropriate anti‐type 2 diabetes therapies with optimized downstream kinomic profiles.
Perspectives toward cannabidiol (CBD) among youth in Early Psychosis Intervention programs: A qualitative study
Authors: Ghelani Amar
Published: April 2023

Aim

Cannabis is used by one third of youth in Early Psychosis Intervention (EPI) programs and high dose consumption of the primary constituent Δ‐9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is associated with higher risk for relapse in this group. Cannabidiol (CBD) is a secondary cannabis constituent that may have antipsychotic properties, though its health risks are only beginning to be understood. Little is known about the views of youth in EPI programs toward CBD, including their reasons for use and perceptions of risk.

Methods

This qualitative study used Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis to investigate the perspectives of a sample (n = 15) of cannabis‐consuming youth in EPI programs toward CBD.

Results

Those who used CBD (n = 13) did so for pain relief, THC substitution, relaxation, social reasons, and sleep enhancement. CBD was perceived to be beneficial for health and wellness, though many consumers were disappointed with its effects. Most believed there were no risks associated with its use or were unaware of any risks, and all believed CBD could be used safely.

Conclusion

Clinicians should assess THC and CBD consumption patterns, motives for use, and perceptions of risk separately to tailor interventions accordingly. Youth in EPI programs would benefit from education related to the known health risks and benefits associated with this drug. Clinicians in regions where cannabis is regulated should be open to discussing CBD as a safer substitute for THC. The potential for CBD to serve as viable treatment for psychosis requires further study.
Decision‐making under uncertainty for species introductions into ecological networks
Authors: Van Kleunen Lucy B. , Peterson Katie A. , Hayden Meghan T. , Keyes Aislyn , Schwartz Aaron J. , Li Henry , Dee Laura E.
Published: April 2023

Ecological communities are increasingly subject to natural and human‐induced additions of species, as species shift their ranges under climate change, are introduced for conservation and are unintentionally moved by humans. As such, decisions about how to manage ecosystems subject to species introductions and considering multiple management objectives need to be made. However, the impacts of gaining new species on ecological communities are difficult to predict due to uncertainty in introduced species characteristics, the novel interactions that will be produced by that species, and the recipient ecosystem structure. Drawing on ecological and conservation decision theory, we synthesise literature into a conceptual framework for species introduction decision‐making based on ecological networks in high‐uncertainty contexts. We demonstrate the application of this framework to a theoretical decision surrounding assisted migration considering both biodiversity and ecosystem service objectives. We show that this framework can be used to evaluate trade‐offs between outcomes, predict worst‐case scenarios, suggest when one should collect additional data, and allow for improving knowledge of the system over time.
Phenotyping mitochondrial DNA‐related diseases in childhood: A cohort study of 150 patients
Authors: Ardissone Anna , Ferrera Giulia , Lamperti Costanza , Tiranti Valeria , Ghezzi Daniele , Moroni Isabella , Lamantea Eleonora
Published: April 2023

Background and purpose

Mitochondrial diseases (MDs) are heterogeneous disorders caused by mutations in nuclear DNA (nDNA) or mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) associated with specific syndromes. However, especially in childhood, patients often display heterogeneity. Several reports on the biochemical and molecular profiles in children have been published, but studies tend not to differentiate between mtDNA‐ and nDNA‐associated diseases, and focus is often on a specific phenotype. Thus, large cohort studies specifically focusing on mtDNA defects in the pediatric population are lacking.

Methods

We reviewed the clinical, metabolic, biochemical, and neuroimaging data of 150 patients with MDs due to mtDNA alterations collected at our neurological institute over the past 20 years.

Results

mtDNA impairment is less frequent than nDNA impairment in pediatric MDs. Ocular involvement is extremely frequent in our cohort, as is classical Leber hereditary optic neuropathy, especially with onset before 12 years of age. Extraneurological manifestations and isolated myopathy appear to be rare, unlike adult phenotypes. Deep gray matter involvement, early disease onset, and specific phenotypes, such as Pearson syndrome and Leigh syndrome, represent unfavorable prognostic factors. Phenotypes related to single large scale mtDNA deletions appear to be very frequent in the pediatric population. Furthermore, we report for the first time an mtDNA pathogenic variant associated with cavitating leukodystrophy.

Conclusions

We report on a large cohort of pediatric patients with mtDNA defects, adding new data on the phenotypical characterization of mtDNA defects and suggestions for diagnostic workup and therapeutic approach.
SUDEP counseling: Where do we stand?
Authors: Whitney Robyn , Jones Kevin C. , Sharma Suvasini , RamachandranNair Rajesh
Published: April 2023

Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is the leading cause of epilepsy‐related death in children and adults living with epilepsy. Several recent clinical practice guidelines have recommended that all individuals living with epilepsy and their caregivers be informed about SUDEP as a part of routine epilepsy counseling. Furthermore, several studies over the last two decades have explored the state of SUDEP counseling. Patients with epilepsy and their families want to be informed about the risk of SUDEP at or near the time of diagnosis, and preferably in person. Despite guideline recommendations, many pediatric and adult neurologists do not routinely inform individuals with epilepsy and their families about SUDEP. Some neurologists discuss SUDEP with only a subset of patients with epilepsy, such as those with risk factors like frequent generalized or focal to bilateral tonic–clonic seizures, nocturnal seizures, noncompliance, or medically refractory epilepsy. Proponents of routine SUDEP counseling argue that patients with epilepsy and their families have a “right to know” and that counseling may positively impact epilepsy self‐management (i.e., behavioral modification and risk reduction). Some neurologists still believe that SUDEP counseling may cause unnecessary stress and anxiety for patients and their families (although this is erroneous) and that they also have a “right not to know.” This narrative review explores the current gaps in SUDEP counseling, patients' and caregivers' perspectives of SUDEP counseling, and SUDEP prevention.
Leg skeletal muscle mass asymmetry is independently associated with gait speed in older adults requiring long‐term care
Authors: Sato Ryo , Sawaya Yohei , Ishizaka Masahiro , Shiba Takahiro , Hirose Tamaki , Urano Tomohiko
Published: April 2023

Aim

Decreased gait speed in older adults has been associated with incident disability, cognitive impairment, institutionalization, falls, deterioration in level of care, and mortality. Gait speed has been reported to be related to leg asymmetry. However, the relationship between gait speed and leg skeletal muscle mass asymmetry in older adults requiring long‐term care has not been clarified. In this study, we examined the association between gait speed and leg skeletal muscle mass asymmetry and the cutoff values of leg skeletal muscle mass asymmetry that may affect gait speed.

Methods

The asymmetry index of leg skeletal muscle mass was measured in 230 older adults under the Japanese long‐term care insurance system using bioelectrical impedance analysis. This cross‐sectional study used multiple regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to determine the relationship between gait speed and the asymmetry index of leg skeletal muscle mass.

Results

Multiple regression analysis revealed that the asymmetry index of leg skeletal muscle mass (β = −0.19, P = 0.002, R2 = 0.261) was independently and significantly associated with gait speed. Furthermore, ROC analysis showed that the cutoff value of the asymmetry index of leg skeletal muscle mass that identified reduced gait speed (<1.0 m/s) was 3.02% (Area under the curve = 0.62, sensitivity 47.3%, specificity 81.0%, P = 0.014).

Conclusions

The asymmetry index of leg skeletal muscle mass was associated with gait speed in older adults requiring long‐term care. Future assessment and interventions directed towards symmetry of leg skeletal muscle mass may help to improve gait speed in older adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23: 371–375.
Rethinking public funding of parties and corruption: Confronting theoretical complexity and challenging measurement
Authors: Lipcean Sergiu , McMenamin Iain
Published: April 2023

Does the provision of state subsidies to political parties reduce their involvement in corruption? Existing research provides inconclusive evidence on this relationship, perhaps because cross‐national studies on public funding and corruption are often limited by regulation‐based indexes of political financing and by very general corruption measures. In this study, we use focused measures for both phenomena to investigate whether more generous public funding reduces party corruption. Our independent variable reflects the actual cash amount of budgetary subventions provided to parties in twenty‐seven post‐communist countries. Our dependent variable of party‐centered corruption represents the share of firms considerably affected by the informal payments made by businesses to political parties and parliamentarians to influence their decisions. We find that a higher level of state subsidies is associated with a reduction in corruption; its effect diminishes as funding increases, and its impact on corruption is lagged. However, there is a wide interval of uncertainty around these results. In the context of the existing literature, our contribution reduces the estimate of the size of a public funding effect and increases the level of uncertainty.
A simple and reliable isocratic high‐performance chromatographic assay for the simultaneous determination of hydrophilic benzophenone‐4 and lipophilic octocrylene in sunscreens
Authors: Pan Patrick , Svirskis Darren , Waterhouse Geoffrey I. N. , Wu Zimei
Published: April 2023

Objective

This work aimed to develop a simple HPLC method for the simultaneous quantitative determination of the ultraviolet (UV) filters, hydrophilic benzophenone‐4 and lipophilic octocrylene, in the presence of three other commonly used UV filters, avobenzone, octisalate and homosalate.

Methods

Reverse‐phased HPLC was performed on a C18 column. A scouting gradient was initially used to determine the approximate mobile phase composition required for efficient analyte elution and separation before further optimization. The assay was validated with regard to specificity, linearity, intra‐ and inter‐day accuracy and precision, limits of detection and limits of quantification. An ultrasound dispersion extraction method for the UV filters from a commercial sunscreen was developed, and the extraction efficiencies from spiked samples were calculated.

Results

An acetonitrile‐methanol‐water mixture (20:67:13, v/v/v), where the water component contained 0.2% trifluoroacetic acid (v/v), was found to be the optimal mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The assay was linear between 1.0–100 μg/mL for both benzophenone‐4 and octocrylene (both correlation coefficients were above 0.999). There was no interference from the excipients of the sunscreen nor from the three other UV filters. The intra‐ and inter‐day accuracy was between 90.0–104.6% for both analytes. Extraction recoveries from a spiked commercial sunscreen were between 95.4 ± 2.1% to 98.5 ± 2.1% for benzophenone‐4, and between 87.3 ± 2.3% and 98.9 ± 3.1% for octocrylene. All validation parameters were within the acceptance criteria set out in the International Council for Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. The HPLC assay showed the extracted quantities of benzophenone‐4 and octocrylene from the commercial sunscreen closely matched claimed quantities.

Conclusion

The developed isocratic HPLC method was suitable for simultaneously determining the hydrophilic benzophenone‐4 and lipophilic octocrylene in the presence of other commonly used UV filters. Additionally, the extraction method was simple and effective for accurately quantifying the UV filters in a commercial sunscreen.
Clinical atrophy patterns of filiform papillae of the tongue and their relationship with the serum levels of iron, vitamin B12 and folic acid in patients with systemic diseases
Authors: Esquivel‐Pedraza Lilly , Cicero‐Casarrubias Alba , Fernández‐Cuevas Laura , Chávez‐Ramírez Margarita , Milke‐García María P. , Domínguez‐Cherit Judith , Méndez‐Flores Silvia , Guerrero‐Manzo Víctor L.
Published: April 2023

Background

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the clinical patterns of atrophy of the filiform papillae (FP) of the tongue and their relationship with the serum levels of iron and vitamin B12 among patients with systemic diseases, in a tertiary care center.

Methods

A cross‐sectional, analytical, research study was designed. A systematic tongue examination was performed to evaluate the presence and clinical patterns of FP atrophy. We collected epidemiologic, clinical, and laboratory data. Statistical analysis included χ2 test, Fisher's exact test, Kruskal–Wallis test, and a logistic regression analysis.

Results

A total of 87 patients (83.9% females) were included [median age = 55 (range 20–89) years]. Endocrinopathy (60.9%) was the most frequent comorbidity. We found atrophy of the FP in 90.8% of the patients; the atrophy was mild in 83.5% of the cases, and severe in 16.5%. The most common atrophic patterns were as follows: focalized in 64 (73.6%) cases, “U”‐shaped pattern in 60 (69%), and generalized in 30 (34.5%). Geographic tongue and median rhomboid glossitis were observed in 12 (13.8%) and 11 (12.6%) subjects, respectively. Lower titers of serum iron were detected in cases with focal (median = 71 vs. 110 mcg/dl) and generalized (median = 55 vs. 78 mcg/dl) FP atrophy (P = 0.03 and P = 0.009, respectively), than their counterparts. The presence of symptomatology was related to the focal pattern of atrophy (P = 0.038).

Conclusions

A high frequency of filiform papillary atrophy of the tongue was observed in patients with comorbidities. Some atrophic patterns of the tongue were significantly associated with certain medical conditions.
T‐cell heterogeneity, progenitor–progeny relationships, and function during latent and chronic viral infections
Authors: Sandu Ioana , Oxenius Annette
Published: April 2023

Upon resolution of an acute viral infection, during latent‐reactivating infection and during chronic active infections virus‐specific T‐cells differentiate into distinct subsets that differ in phenotype, longevity, transcriptional, metabolic, and epigenetic profiles, and effector functions. With recent advances in single‐cell profiling, this substantial heterogeneity has become apparent and new subsets of virus‐specific T cells, either of stable or transitory nature, are being identified. A unifying principle of T cells emerging in these different conditions is their precursor–progeny relationship. For acute and resolved viral infections, this relationship becomes apparent during re‐challenge, whereas a constant differentiation of progenitor T cells into more differentiated cells occurs during latent‐reactivating and active chronic viral infections. In this review, we summarize and discuss current knowledge about T‐cell heterogeneity and progenitor–progeny relationships in the setting of persistent viral infections.
Effect of radiation therapy on fracture resistance of simulated immature teeth submitted to root reinforcement
Authors: Coelho Sérgio Murilo , Pandolfo Mariana Travi , Bortoluzzi Eduardo Antunes , Rossetto Hebert Luís , Pereira Roberta Pinto , Minamisako Mariana Comparotto , Rodrigues Paulo Marcelo , Netto Vicente Ribeiro , Ramos Tatiana da Silva , Teixeira Cleonice da Silveira , Garcia Lucas da Fonseca Roberti
Published: April 2023

Background

The literature is scanty regarding the effect of radiation therapy (RT) on the mechanical properties of immature permanent teeth.

Aim

To evaluate the effect of RT on the fracture resistance of simulated immature teeth submitted to different types of root reinforcement.

Design

Sixty‐four human teeth simulating the Cvek stage 3 of root development were distributed into eight groups (n = 8), according to exposure or not to RT (70 Gy) and the root reinforcement method: Group NR (control)—no reinforcement/no RT; Group NR + RT (control)—no reinforcement/RT; Group PO—tricalcium silicate‐based cement (TS) apical plug/canal obturation/no RT; Group PO + RT—TS apical plug/canal obturation/RT; Group TS—canal filling with TS/no RT; Group TS + RT—canal filling with TS/RT; Group FP—TS apical plug/fibreglass post/no RT; and Group FP + RT—TS apical plug/fibreglass post/RT. Fracture resistance was determined using a universal testing machine (0.5 mm/min).

Results

In the intergroup comparison, nonirradiated teeth had higher fracture resistance (p < .05). Groups FP and FP + RT had higher fracture resistance (p < .001).

Conclusion

Radiotherapy affected the fracture resistance of simulated immature teeth. Reinforcement with fibreglass posts increased the fracture resistance, regardless of the radiation.
DEA, balanced scorecard and intellectual capital including the gender dimension: A comprehensive list of indicators
Authors: Daraio Cinzia , Di Leo Simone , Iazzolino Gianpaolo , Laise Domenico
Published: April 2023

One of the most significant problems in the development of quantitative models to assess the performance of decision‐making units (DMUs) is the availability of information coded into variables and indicators that are proxies for the relevant dimensions of the models: resources or inputs, products or services or outputs, and heterogeneous contextual factors including environmental factors. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) and balanced scorecard (BSC) are two of the best‐known and applied tools to model and measure the performance of DMUs. Within the information set requested to model the performance, the most critical and sensitive variables and indicators related to the intangible capital of organizations, which includes with a primary role the intellectual capital (IC). Although they are very different, DEA (based on linear programming) and BSC (including a set of indicators along four dimensions) have recently been combined to try to address the problem indicated earlier, namely, having a set of variables and indicators available to better measure the performance of DMUs. We apply a three‐level methodology combining (i) a series of systematic reviews, (ii) a bibliometric analysis of all the published works found, and (iii) an analysis of the so‐called grey literature contained in the reports of knowledge‐based organizations. The main results obtained are (1) a comprehensive survey and mapping of all scientific works combining DEA, BSC, and IC including the gender dimension; (2) an integral and inclusive list integrating all indicators found in both published works and reports, reclassified according to the main dimensions of the IC.
Integration Site‐Dependent Transgene Expression Used to Mark Subpopulations of Cells in vivo: An Example from the Neuromuscular Junction
Authors: Weis Joachim , Fine Steven M. , Sanes Joshua R.
Published: April 2023

To produce transgenic mice, an exogenous gene is inserted into the germ line, usually by injection of the DNA construct into a pronucleus of a fertilized egg. In most cases the transgene is integrated into the genome at a single random site. Frequently, the transgenes are combinations of regulatory elements from one gene and protein coding sequences from another gene, the reporter. As expected, the promoter in the construct usually controls the expression pattern of the reporter. In some cases, however, transgenes have been constructed with regulatory elements that are not able to direct transcription on their own. In animals containing such transgenes, the expression of the reporter is dependent on endogenous regulatory elements near the chromosomal site of transgene integration. In the present study, an Escherischia coli beta‐galactosidase (lacZ) reporter gene linked to a weak promoter was selectively expressed in discrete subpopulations of cells in each of eight independently derived lines of mice. In one line (line 42), which we analyzed in detail, a subset of cells in skeletal muscle were lacZ‐positive. Specifically, fibroblasts close to neuromuscular junctions expressed the lacZ‐protein, whereas skeletal muscle fibroblasts far from synaptic sites and fibroblasts in other organs were lacZ‐negative. Moreover, Schwann cells at nerve terminals were lacZ‐positive, whereas Schwann cells in extramuscular nerves were lacZ‐negative. These results indicate the existence of differences between perisynaptic and extrasynaptic fibroblasts in normal skeletal muscle. They also demonstrate how such transgenic mice can be used to identify and mark discrete cell populations.
From Chance to Choice in the Generation of Neural Cell Lines
Authors: Noble Mark , Groves Andrew K. , Ataliotis Paris , Jat Parmjit S.
Published: April 2023

Despite the central importance of cell lines in contemporary studies in cellular and molecular biology, many areas of potential investigation remain impeded by the limited number of lines available and by the difficulty in generating new lines of interest. Thus, there has been a constant pressure to develop improved methods for obtaining cell lines of particular interest. This review examines some of the problems associated with in vitro approaches to cell line generation. In addition, two different ways in which transgenic animals can be used to overcome the limitations of in vitro production of cell lines are discussed. In the first approach, specific promoters are utilized to target expression of immortalizing genes to cells of interest. The second approach is concerned with development of a strain of transgenic animals (the H‐2KbtsA58 transgenic mouse) designed to obviate the need for identification of cell‐type specific promoters, and in which it is theoretically possible to directly generate conditionally immortal cell lines from any tissue of the body by simple dissection and growth of cells in appropriate tissue culture conditions. Finally, approaches are also discussed in which investigations on the control of precursor differentiation have been applied so as to bypass the need for expression of activated immortalizing oncogenes in the generation of large quantities of conditionally immortalized cells with the capacity to undergo normal differentiation in vitro and in vivo.
Mitophagy in metabolic syndrome
Authors: Miao Mei‐Qi , Han Yu‐Bo , Liu Li
Published: April 2023

Metabolic syndrome (MS), a chronic and non‐communicable pathological condition, is characterized by a constellation of clinical manifestations including insulin resistance, abdominal adiposity, elevated blood pressure, and perturbations in lipid metabolism. The prevalence of MS has increased dramatically in both developed and developing countries and has now become a truly global problem. Excessive energy intake and concomitant obesity are the main drivers of this syndrome. Mitophagy, in which cells degrade damaged mitochondria through a selective form of autophagy, assumes a crucial position in the regulation of mitochondrial integrity and maintenance. Abnormal mitochondrial quality could result in a spectrum of pathological conditions related to metabolic dysfunction, including metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular ailments, and neoplasms. Recently, there has been a proliferation of research pertaining to the process of mitophagy in the context of MS, and there are various regulatory pathways in MS, including pathways like the ubiquitin‐dependent mechanism and receptor‐mediated mechanisms, among others. Furthermore, studies have uncovered that the process of mitophagy serves a defensive function in the advancement of Metabolic Syndrome, and inhibition of mitophagy exacerbates the advancement of MS. As a result, the regulation of mitophagy holds great promise as a therapeutic approach in the management of Metabolic Syndrome. In this comprehensive analysis, the authors present a synthesis of the diverse regulatory pathways involved in mitophagy in the context of Metabolic Syndrome, as well as its modes of action in metabolic disorders implicated in the development of MS, Including obesity, insulin resistance (IR), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), offering novel avenues for the prophylaxis and therapeutic management of MS.
Autologous blood transfusion promotes autophagy and inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma progression through HIF‐1α signalling pathway
Authors: Bai Yu , Liu Tong , Cui Ying‐Hui , Li Zhen‐Zhou , Zhou Xiao‐Fang , Cheng Yong , Wang Jin‐Huo , Guo Jian‐Rong
Published: April 2023

To explore the molecular mechanism of autologous blood transfusion promoting autophagy of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and inhibiting the HCC progression through HIF‐1α signalling pathway. This is a research paper. Rat hepatocellular carcinoma model and HepG2 cell model were built. The rats with HCC were conducted a surgery, and their blood was collected for detection to detect the recurrence and metastasis of the rats. Western blot was used to analysed the expression of HIF‐1α, TP53, MDM2, ATG5 and ATG14 protein. The apoptosis rate of HepG2 cells was detected by flow cytometry, and autophagosomes were observed by transmission electron microscopy. HIF‐1α expression was measured by immunofluorescence assay. The expressions of HIF‐1α, TP53, MDM2, ATG5 and ATG14 protein were highest in model + autoblood group compared with the model group. HIF‐1α content of model group was higher, but content of TP53, MDM2, ATG5 and ATG14 in the model group is the second. The highest apoptosis rate was found in HepG2 + autoblood group. The number of autophagosomes in HepG2 + autoblood was obviously larger than that of HepG2 + autoblood + inhibitor. HIF‐1α expression of immunofluorescence assay showed that high expression of HIF‐1α was clearly observed in HepG2 and HepG2 + autoblood group from confocal observation. However, there was no HIF‐1α protein expression in HepG2 + autoblood + inhibitor group. The migration rate in HepG2 group, HepG2 + autoblood group and HepG2 + autoblood + inhibitor group was 85.71 ± 7.38%, 14.36 ± 6.54% and 61.25 ± 5.39%, respectively. Autologous blood transfusion promotes autophagy of HCC cells through HIF‐1α signalling pathway, which further inhibits HCC migration and erosion.
Effect of different finishing and polishing procedures on surface roughness and microbial adhesion on highly‐filled composites for injectable mold technique
Authors: Vulović Stefan , Stašić Jovana N. , Ilić Jugoslav , Todorović Miloš , Jevremović Danimir , Milić‐Lemić Aleksandra
Published: April 2023

Objective

To evaluate the effect of different finishing and polishing procedures on surface roughness and microbial adhesion and viability of Streptococcus mutans on novel highly‐filled composites for injectable mold technique.

Materials and Methods

One hundred sixty specimens were divided into four material groups: FSF (Filtek Supreme Flowable Restorative), TE (Tetric EvoFlow), GUI (G‐aenial Universal Injectable) and GUF (G‐aenial Universal Flo). Within each group, specimens were split regarding finishing and polishing (F/P) procedures into: SLD (Sof‐Lex Discs), SLS (Sof‐Lex Spirals), OG (OneGloss) and PG (PoGo). Surface roughness was analyzed using profilometer (Ra and Rz) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Strep. mutans biofilm formation was analyzed using colony forming unit (CFU) and cell viability assay. Two‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey's post hoc test were used for comparison among groups, Pearson's coefficient was applied for the correlation between Ra and CFU/ml and all data were presented as mean ± SD.

Results

Both materials and F/P procedures affect Ra, Rz and Strep. mutans CFU/ml values (p ≤ 0.05). Considering the Ra and Rz, GUI and GUF revealed lower values, compared to FSF and TE and SLD and SLS revealed lower values, compared to OG and PG. Considering the Strep. mutans CFU/ml and viability, GUI and TE presented lower values, compared to GUF and FSF and SLD and SLS presented lower values, compared to OG and PG. Moderate positive correlation was found between Ra and CFU/ml (r = 0.552).

Conclusions

The smoothest surfaces possess GUI and GUF, among materials and SLD and SLS, among F/P procedures. GUI adhered the lowest amount of Strep. mutans, due to the smoothest surfaces. FSF and GUF revealed the highest amount of Strep. mutans, due to bis‐GMA, bis‐MEPP and TEGDMA in their composition.

Clinical Significance

The findings of the present study may be beneficial for the proper selection of highly‐filled composites and an adequate finishing and polishing procedure when performing the injectable mold composite resin veneer technique.
Construction and analysis of the forced vibration model of separating screen under a dropped potato
Authors: Shang Zhenyu , Wang Fang , Xie Shengshi , Deng Weigang , Li Junru , Guo Yaping , Lu Kailiang , Gai Xiuzhi , Ji Xinjie
Published: April 2023

To determine the damage characteristics of potato falling on the separating screen and their relationship with the vibration characteristics, it is expected to provide a reference for the structural optimization of potato harvesting related machinery. The vibration characteristics of the separating screen were theoretically analyzed and a forced vibration model of separating screen was developed. The effects of vibration model parameters on the damage volume of potatoes were studied by single‐factor experiments with fall height, potato mass, fall direction, and potato varieties as experimental factors. Especially, the changes of decay coefficient α and the potato damage volume with test factors were obtained: the attenuation coefficient α increased with increasing falling height and potato mass and showed a significant correlation with potato damage volume. The decay coefficient α becomes largest when the potato falls along the length direction and smallest when it falls along the thickness direction. The α decreased with increasing hardness of potato varieties and showed a significant negative correlation with potato damage volume. Fitting equations between the attenuation coefficient α and the damage volume for each effects were established to predict the potato damage under different height, mass, and variety, as follows: V1 = 498035α − 2516, V2 = 209646α − 286, and V3 = −84397α + 1149.

Practical Applications

During the mechanized harvest process, severe potato damage occurred on the swing separation screen. This will seriously affect the quality and economic value of potatoes. At present, there are few studies on the vibration damage theory and experiment during potato harvest. Therefore, in order to clarify the vibration characteristics of the separation screen and its relationship with the potato damage characteristics, we studied the influence of the vibration characteristics on the potato damage through the drop test, and established the vibration model of the separation screen. The relationship between the model parameters and the potato damage volume was further explored, and a mathematical model was developed to predict the volume of potato damage. This study provides a reference for the study of the coupled vibration of the potato soil mixture and the optimization of the potato soil separation device.
The relationship between Meckel's cartilage resorption and incisor tooth germ in mice
Authors: Shimazu Yoshihito , Taya Yuji , Soeno Yuuichi , Kudo Tomoo , Sato Kaori , Takeda Mamoru
Published: April 2023

Our understanding of the initiation and cellular mechanisms underlying endochondral resorption of Meckel's cartilage (MC) remains limited. Several studies have shown that the resorption site of MC and the mandibular incisor tooth germ are located close to each other. However, whether incisor tooth germ development is involved in MC resorption remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the spatio‐temporal interaction between the initiation site of MC resorption and the development of incisor tooth germs in an embryonic mouse model. To this effect, we developed a histology‐based three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction technique using paraffin‐embedded serial sections of various tissues in the jaw. The serial sections were cut in the frontal section and the tissue constituents (e.g., MC, incisor, and mineralized mandible) were studied using conventional and enzyme‐based histochemistry. The outline of each component was marked on the frontal sectional images and 3D structures were constructed. To assess the vascular architecture at the site of MC resorption, immunohistochemical staining using anti‐laminin, anti‐factor VIII, and anti‐VEGF antibodies was performed. MC resorption was first observed on the lateral incisor‐facing side of the cartilage rods at sites anterior to the mental foramen on E16.0. The 3D analysis suggested that: (a) the posterior region of the clastic cartilage resorption corresponds to the cervical loop of the incisor; (b) the cervical portion of the tooth germ inflates probably due to temporal cellular congestion prior to differentiation into matrix‐producing cells; (c) the incisor tooth germ tissue is present in close proximity to MC even in mouse with continuously growing tooth and determines the disappearance of MC as the tooth development.
Respiratory device‐related pressure injuries in hospitalised adults: An integrative review
Authors: Fidalgo De Faria Maíla , Bontempo De Azevedo Lorena , Faria De Oliveira Karoline , Guimarães Raponi Maria Beatriz , Da Silva Alves Filgueira Viviane , Marques Dos Santos Felix Márcia , Sagrario Gómez Cantarino Maria , Barbosa Maria Helena
Published: April 2023

Objective

To identify the main ventilatory support medical devices related to the occurrence of pressure injuries in hospitalised adults, as well as the most frequent anatomical localisations of these injuries.

Methods

The Integrative review was registered at Open Science Framework as per DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/P3NTZ. Two independent reviewers, in May 2022, searched the databases: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, LILACS and CINAHL; no language or publication year restriction. The review question was: What are the ventilatory support medical devices that cause PIs in hospitalised adults more often? The terms for searching the database were: “adult,” “noninvasive ventilation,” “artificial respiration.” and “pressure injury,” and their synonyms. This review followed the PRISMA checklist.

Results

The final sample was 21 articles. Oxygen nasal catheters caused up to 40.7% of the pressure injuries by ventilatory support devices identified, all in the ears. Noninvasive mechanical ventilation oronasal masks presented an incidence of pressure injuries of 63.3%. The nasal bridge was the site most affected by this mask. The Set of Holders for Insight® endotracheal tubes was the device that caused the most pressure injuries, with an incidence of 75%, affecting lip commissure. Tracheostomy cannula accounted for 18.2% of the pressure injuries related to ventilatory support devices; all lesions were in the neck.

Conclusion

The ventilatory support devices causing pressure injuries and the most affected sites were, respectively, nasal catheters, ears; masks, nasal bridge; endotracheal tubes, lip commissures; tracheostomy cannulas, neck.

Relevance for clinical practice

Knowing which respiratory devices cause pressure injuries more often in hospitalised adults and which anatomical localisations are more likely to be affected is fundamental for adopting preventive measures and reducing the occurrence of this problem.

No patient or public contribution

No patient or public contribution because of the review.
Simulating Hospital Merger Simulations*
Authors: Balan David J. , Brand Keith
Published: April 2023

We perform a Monte Carlo experiment to assess the performance of three hospital merger simulation methods. Our analysis proceeds as follows: (i) specify a theoretical model of hospital markets and use it to generate “true” price effects for many simulated mergers; (ii) for each simulated merger, generate data of the kind commonly available in real‐world merger analysis and apply the simulation methods to those data; and (iii) compare the predictions of the simulation methods to the true price effects. All three simulation methods perform reasonably well. We also develop a method for predicting price effects that extends Garmon [2017].
Residual pulmonary infiltrates, symptoms and diffusion impairment at 1‐year after severe COVID‐19 infection have different associated factors
Authors: Menéndez Rosario , Méndez Raúl , Latorre Ana , González‐Jiménez Paula , Peces‐Barba Germán , Molina María , España Pedro Pablo , García Estela , Consuegra‐Vanegas Angélica , Pando‐Sandoval Ana , Panadero Carolina , Figueira‐Gonçalves Juan Marco , De la Rosa David , Sibila Oriol , Martínez‐Pitarch María Dolores , Toledo Nuria , Cejudo Pilar , Almonte‐Batista Wanda , Macías‐Paredes Abigail , Badenes Diana , Pérez‐Rodas Eli Nancy , Lázaro Javier , Quirós Sarai , Cordovilla Rosa , Cano‐Pumarega Irene , Torres Antoni ,   RECOVID
Published: April 2023

Introduction

After severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) pneumonia, patients may show lung sequelae on radiology and functional impairment at the 1‐year follow‐up. We aimed to describe the persistence of symptoms, radiological alterations, or reduced diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) at 1‐year follow‐up in patients from the Spanish Registry RECOVID.

Methods

RECOVID collected symptom and radiological and functional lung tests data on hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 during the acute phase and at the 6‐ and 12‐month follow‐up visits.

Results

Of the 2500 enrolled survivors (90% admitted to the ward), 1874 had follow‐up visits for up to a year. Of these, 42% continued to present with symptoms, 27% had radiological sequelae and 31% had reduced DLCO. Independently associated factors included female sex, asthma and the requirement for invasive or non‐invasive mechanical ventilation. Complete radiological resolution was 72.2% at 12 months; associated factors with incomplete recovery were age, male sex, oxygen or respiratory support, corticosteroids and an initial SpO2/FiO2 <450 or CURB‐65 ≥2. Reduced DLCO was observed in 31% of patients at 12 months; associated factors were older age, female sex, smoking habit, SpO2/FiO2 <450 and CURB‐65 ≥2 and the requirement of respiratory support.At 12 months, a proportion of the asymptomatic patients showed reduced DLCO (9.5%), radiological findings (25%) or both (11%).

Conclusions

The factors associated with symptom persistence, incomplete radiological resolution and DLCO <80% differed according to age, sex, comorbidities and respiratory support. The burden of symptoms, reduced DLCO and incomplete radiological resolution were considerable in patients with SARS‐CoV‐2 pneumonia at the 1‐year follow‐up after hospitalisation.
Testing R&D‐Based Endogenous Growth Models*
Authors: Kruse‐Andersen Peter K.
Published: April 2023

This study examines US productivity growth through the lens of R&D‐based growth models. A general R&D‐based model, nesting different model varieties, is developed. These varieties are tested using a novel cointegrating relationship and US data for the period 1953–2018. The results provide evidence against the widely used fully endogenous variety and support for other varieties including the semi‐endogenous variety. Further, the results are systematically consistent with the presence of fishing‐out effects in knowledge production, implying that productivity‐enhancing innovations become increasingly harder to achieve as technologies become more advanced. Forecasts suggest that the US productivity growth slowdown continues over the coming decades.
Successful Repair of M. obliquus Internus Abdominis Avulsion at the Iliac Crest—Operative Technique in Professional Soccer Players
Authors: Lohrer Heinz , Höferlin Andreas
Published: April 2023

Objective

Sports related injuries to the anterolateral abdominal wall have been described as side strain injuries or hip pointer. So far, only a few cases of avulsion injuries of the m. obliquus internus abdominis muscle from the iliac crest have been described. All were treated conservatively. The aim of this study is to present the surgical technique.

Methods

This report presents three cases of professional soccer players who were treated surgically with transosseous reattachment to the iliac crest. These male players were 23, 25, and 29 years old. Two of them suffered a direct contusion and one an indirect injury. The diagnosis was suspected based on the patient's history and clinical examination and confirmed by MRI. In each case, the fibrocartilaginous layer of the m. obliquus internus was separated 2 cm from the iliac crest. All three players were operated by aponeurotic m. obliquus internus refixation to the lateral iliac crest (three transosseous drill holes). Return to play was 55, 60, and 122 days postoperatively. Functional limitations, symptoms, sports/recreational activities, and quality of life in terms of occupational, social, emotional, and lifestyle concerns were measured using the iHOT 12 instrument at 11.1 and 9.7 years postoperatively.

Results

Six weeks postoperatively, sport‐specific training was started. After 2 to 4 months, all three patients were fully reintegrated into their elite sports and unrestricted sports ability was achieved. Long‐term follow‐up was performed using the German version of the iHOT‐12 questionnaire and 92.7% and 99.9% were calculated for the two German speaking soccer players.

Conclusions

Our cases demonstrate that transosseous suture reattachment was a successful procedure that allowed a safe and predictable return to sport. Full performance and excellent, long lasting treatment results were achieved.
Mpox in the United States: Current implications for public health nursing
Authors: Blackwell Christopher W. , Hicks Rodney W. , Castillo Humberto López , Guido‐Sanz Francisco , Anderson Mindi
Published: April 2023

In 2022, mpox, an orthopoxvirus first isolated in 1958 in cynomolgus monkeys, became a global public health threat. While the virus can be communicated through skin‐to‐skin contact from any infected person to non‐infected person, most cases in the United States have been in gay and bisexual men. Consequently, early public health and community‐based efforts concentrated on reducing infections in this population. This article explores current mpox case count epidemiologic data and trends. In addition, vaccination indications, contraindications, adverse events, and national administration data are provided along with directions for nurses and other clinicians moving forward in the outbreak.