bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design and Development E-Mading System For Information Students
Authors: Farell Geovanne , Novid Igor , Rahmadika Sandi
Published: June 2022

This study aims to facilitate the provision of information and reduce the amount of paper use in the Department of Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Padang State University. With the large amount of paper used to provide information on conventional e-mading, it causes too much paper to be wasted and not too effective in providing information. With the large amount of paper wasted also causes inefficient time. Because too much information and announcements reported to the Electronics Engineering Department cannot be managed by admin in the Department of Eletronics, Faculty of Engineering, Padang State University. Therefore, for now there is a need for a digital madding to manage information and reduce the amount of paper usage. There are 2 methods used in this study are Data Collection Methods and System Development Methods. This Data Collection Method uses interview and observation techniques, while the System Development Method uses USDP. In this study using the USDP method, where this method can do an object-oriented software development, design and analysis of software design using the UML approach (Unifed Modeling Language)
“Nursed under his own Eye”: Co-Nursing Fathers and the Spectacle of Breastfeeding in the British Romantic Period
Authors: Shchuka Virlana M.
Published: June 2022

This article offers a critical reading of the representational prevalence of the paternal eye in British eighteenth-century depictions of breastfeeding. I demonstrate how the Romantic period embraced the concept of the father’s gaze as a physiologically intuitive and culturally significant form of participation in the nursing act, one deemed necessary for both infant and spousal well-being. Tracing its evolving ideological legacy from William Cadogan’s foundational An Essay upon Nursing (1748) to late eighteenth-century works, particularly texts authored by Mary Wollstonecraft and Frances Burney, this essay reveals how the paternal eye came to signify a means of strengthening emotional bonds between an infant’s parents in the context of breastfeeding. I argue that the British Romantic period came to craft a resonant vision of fatherhood through the depiction of the paternal figure as a breastfeeding “co-nurse,” which provides new insights into the era’s perceptions of familial and marital partnership ideals.
Impact of a bloodstream infection stewardship program in hospitalized patients
Authors: Dow Gordon , MacLaggan Timothy , Allard Jacques
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND: Bloodstream infections (BSIs) in hospitalized patients represent sentinel events requiring timely and responsive antimicrobial prescribing. These infections represent an attractive but seldom-evaluated stewardship opportunity. METHODS: Retrospective pre-post study design, with review of patient charts 18 months before and after initiation of a hospital Bloodstream Infection Stewardship Program (BSISP). Pre-intervention, the ward and attending physician were notified of all positive blood cultures. Post-intervention, an infectious disease (ID) pharmacist collaborating with an ID consultant was also notified. RESULTS: Two hundred twenty-six eligible BSIs were identified pre-intervention and 195 post-intervention. The urinary tract was the most common source of infection; most common bloodstream isolates were Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, beta-hemolytic streptococci, and Klebsiella pneumoniae; 71.7% of infections were community acquired. Empiric therapy was not given in 17.3% of cases and inadequate in 16.4% of patients. Therapy was altered on the basis of Gram stain results (‘directed therapy’) in 54.6% of episodes and was inadequate in 3.5%. Compared to pre-intervention, the post-intervention cohort received directed therapy on average 4.36 hours earlier ( p = 0.003), was more likely to receive appropriate definitive therapy (99.0% post versus 79.1% pre, p <0.001), stepped down to oral therapy earlier (6.0 versus 8.0 days, p = 0.031), and received fewer directed prescriptions (214 per 100 cases post versus 260 per 100 cases pre; p = 0.001), including fewer prescriptions of quinolones and clindamycin. CONCLUSIONS: A BSISP could be an effective strategy for improving antimicrobial prescribing in hospitalized patients with a BSI.
HVOF-Sprayed Quasicrystal Composite Coatings for Bearing Applications
Authors: Reimann A. , Lugscheider E.
Published: June 2022

Quasicrystalline materials offer outstanding properties: High thermal stability in mechanical behaviour combined with special thermal and electrical conductivity as well as excellent tribological performance. High hardness is accompanied by heavy brittleness - an undesired property when looking for possible applications. A reduction of brittleness can be achieved by embedding quasicrystalline phases into a more ductile material to form a metal-matrix-composite material keeping some quasicrystalline properties. For thermal spraying blended, agglomerated, chemical encased or attrition milled powders as well as filled wires are processable to form such a metal-matrix-composite coating. The research work included spray trials using material-input prepared by the methods described. These different inputs have been processed in different compositions each. Spray trials have been processed by following techniques: Arc-wire-spraying, APS-spraying, wire-flame-spraying and HVOF-spraying. This paper gives an overview about HVOF-sprayed coatings with blended powders. On the one hand investigation were focused on metallurgical analysis for proving the existence of quasicrystal contents as well as determining adherence and embedding behaviour of the matrix-phase. On the other hand tests were centred onto the evaluation of the sliding-wear-behaviour in respect of interdependencies to the coatings composition and microstructure.
Ceramic Abradable Coatings for Applications up to 1100 °C
Authors: Nava Y. , Mutasim Z. , Coe M.
Published: June 2022

Ceramic-based thermal spray coatings have been lately introduced as abradable materials for applications in the hot section of gas turbine engines. This paper reports abradable characteristics and high-temperature oxidation resistance of plasma sprayed yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) and agglomertated yttria-stabilized zirconia with Polyester (YSZP). Unlike conventional blended coatings, agglomerated YSZP plasma-sprayed coatings are more forgiving to technique and processing parameter variations during the thermal-spray operation. The abradability studies were conducted on a test rig at temperatures of 600, 900 and 980 °C using coated (hardened) and uncoated blades. The oxidation resistance of the coatings was measured as a function of the cycles to failure and was conducted at temperature ranges of 930 to 1150°C in still air. Results showed that the ceramic coating, YSZ-Pl, was capable of withstanding both mid- and high-temperature rubs with little deleterious effects to the uncoated blade-tip across the temperature range, and presented a cyclic oxidation resistance comparable to that of YSZ coating.
High Temperature Behavior of Plasma Sprayed ZrB2-SiC Composite Coatings
Authors: Bartuli C. , Valente T. , Tului M.
Published: June 2022

ZrB2-SiC composites are considered a class of promising materials for aerospace applications such as nose and leading edges of re-entry vehicles. Results on such materials obtained by hot isostatic pressing have confirmed their high resistance to the oxidation at temperature up to 2000°C. Ongoing work has shown that such materials can be obtained in the form of coatings by means of Plasma Spraying techniques. On this regard, the most critical aspect was correlated to the decomposition of the SiC phase at a temperature quite lower than the melting point of ZrB2. Experimental evidence indicated that such decomposition can be avoided when a proper methodology of preparation of the starting powders is adopted, and if suitable thermal spraying parameters are selected. In any case, high temperature oxidation testing (up to 1800°C) confirmed the outstanding behaviour of this materials obtained by plasma spraying. This paper is focussed on preliminary studies of oxidation behaviour for plasma sprayed ZrB2-SiC composites suitable for thermal protection shields.
Control of the Injection of an Alumina Suspension Containing Nanograins in a dc Plasma
Authors: Wittmann K. , Blein F. , Coudert J.F. , Fauchais P.
Published: June 2022

For many years, a new interest in nanomaterials, with grain sizes smaller than 100nm, has emerged. This is due to the enhanced properties of the resulting sintered materials or coatings compared to those with coarser-grained materials. This paper is devoted to the feasibility to produce nanomaterial coatings by a dc plasma spray process. Until now, only thick coatings (> 100µm) have been elaborated using this technique, by injecting, with a carrier gas, micrometric particles in the plasma flow. But, it is not possible to inject too small particles (<5µm) without perturbing drastically the plasma jet by the high carrier gas flow rate necessary to give them a high enough momentum. This work presents a new dc plasma spray process, designed to elaborate alumina nanocoatings. The most important step of the process is the control of the ceramic nanometric particle penetration in the plasma. Because of their small size, a liquid, which density made the momentum transfer more efficient, replaced the carrier gas with an injector creating calibrated droplets with controlled velocity and flow rate. To study the liquid-plasma interaction, the penetration of pure water in an Ar/H2 plasma jet was investigated by means of emission spectroscopy. The modification of temperature field together with oxygen concentration was determined quantitatively. Emission spectra were treated with a new localization method, avoiding the use of Abel's inversion implying a cylindrical symmetry, destroyed by the liquid injection. Such measurements allowed optimizing the liquid penetration in the plasma jet. Alumina nanopowders were dispersed in a liquid to form a stable suspension, which was injected in the plasma. The layered particle morphology, collected on glass substrates at different distances downstream of the injection point, was then studied.
Experimental Study of Interaction of Supersonic Gas Jet With a Substrate Under Cold Spray Process
Authors: Papyrin A.N. , Alkhimov A.P. , Kosarev V.F. , Klinkov S.V.
Published: June 2022

The interaction of the supersonic gas jets of rectangular section with a flat obstacle under conditions of the Cold Spray process was studied. Pressure distribution on the obstacle surface at various jet regimes is measured. Instability of the jet as well as compressed layer structure is observed with the aid of laser Schlieren visualization. Depending on jet pressure ratio, distance between nozzle exit and the obstacle various modes of the jet are registered including classical mode, the mode with peripheral maximum and circulate bands, the mode with oscillations of bow shock, and the mode with jet oscillations. It is shown that the distribution of pressure along the smaller size of the nozzle is self-similar in the classic regime of the impingement and does not depend on the angle of encounting at φ= 50 - 90°. The critical parameters of the gas, when it accelerates along the surface, are reached near the boundary of the falling jet. The distributions of the stagnation temperature and heat transfer coefficient in the near-wall jet at various stand-off distances are experimentally obtained. It is shown that the experimental data on the heat transfer coefficient are higher than the calculated ones, and this difference can be explained by velocity fluctuations in the vicinity of the stagnation point and in the near wall jet.
Significant Increase in the Sensitivity of In-Flight Particle Detector Through Improvements and Innovation
Authors: Pouliot L. , Blain J. , Nadeau F. , Lamontagne M. , Bisson J.F. , Moreau C.
Published: June 2022

Innovation and improvements are described which yield a 20 fold increase in the signal-to-noise level of a two fiber, twin wavelength high speed pyrometer used for in-flight particle diagnostics. Examples are given of how these developments extend the application range of the technology to low temperature processes such as flame spraying of low emissivity materials.
IR Thermographic Imaging - A Powerful Tool for On-Line Process Control of Thermal Spraying
Authors: Friedrich C.J. , Gadow R. , Killinger A. , Li C.
Published: June 2022

Many thermal spray coating applications require an optimum performance regarding the thermal and mechanical stability of the layer composite. The maximum loads that a composite can sustain, are not only dependent on the intrinsic material properties of the coating, but are also subject to the quality of deposition. The quality of the coating is predominantly influenced by the temperature distribution during the deposition process thereby influencing the residual stress development. Therefore failure of a thermally sprayed coating under mechanical and/or thermal load often could be avoided by an adequate deposition process with well controlled heat and mass transfer, i. e. by avoiding hot-spots on the surface that result in high residual stresses in the composite. With the help of Infrared (IR) thermography an imaging of the lateral and spatial temperature field of a workpiece surface and its evolution in time can be monitored and visualised. In the presented work the atmospheric plasma spraying process serves as an example to demonstrate the suitability of thermographic imaging as a quality control and process optimisation technique for online process monitoring and control in thermal spraying. The results indicate that IR-thermography can be used as a flexible tool for on-line process control of coating manufacturing via thermal spraying, it offers a powerful way to optimise the deposition process.
Mechanical Fatigue Testing of Thermal Spray Coated Specimens: A Summary of Recent Developments
Authors: McGrann R.T.R.
Published: June 2022

Cyclic, mechanical fatigue testing of coated materials has increased with the wider use of thermal spray coatings on components experiencing fatigue loading. Fatigue testing of coated specimens presents all of the difficulties associated with fatigue testing of uncoated specimens and several difficulties that do not arise when testing uncoated specimens. A summary of fatigue test methods and test specimen geometries for both coated and uncoated specimens is presented. Issues of specimen standardization, geometry, substrate preparation, and post-spray surface finishing are discussed. Several specimen configurations are described.
Influence of Coating Thickness and Contact Stress On the Fatigue Failure of HVOF Coatings
Authors: Ahmed R. , Hadfield M.
Published: June 2022

Fatigue and delamination resistance of overlay coatings is critical to their performance in tribological applications involving Hertzian loading. This study addresses the influence of coating thickness and contact stress fields on the fatigue/delamination resistance of thermal spray (WC-12%Co) coatings, deposited by a JP-5000 system. These coatings were deposited in three different thicknesses on the surface of 440-C steel substrate cones. Fatigue tests were conducted using a modified four-ball machine under various tribological conditions of contact stress and configuration. Results are discussed in terms of Hertzian contact stress fields, coating thickness and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) observations to comprehend the performance and ascertain the fatigue failure modes of coated rolling elements. These results indicate that by appropriate control of coating thickness and tribological conditions, it is possible to achieve a fatigue life in excess of 70 million stress cycles without failure. Further studies in this field can thus trigger an area of new novel applications of thermal spray coatings.
Elastic Modulus Measurements of Air Plasma Sprayed Yttria Partially Stabilized Zirconia Coatings Using Laser Ultrasonics and Indentation Techniques
Authors: Vasquez D.L. , Kucuk A. , Lima R.S. , Senturk U. , Berndt C.C.
Published: June 2022

Yttria partially stabilized zirconia (YSZ) was atmosphere plasma sprayed on to mild steel substrates. The spray parameters were varied to determine their effects on the elastic modulus of the coating. The parameters were (i) continuous spray vs. paused spray, (ii) bond coat vs. no bond coat, and (iii) cooled vs. not-cooled. The elastic modulus was measured using laser ultrasonics and Knoop Indentation. Using indentation, the continuous/ paused spray exhibited the greatest effect with the paused spray samples having a lower elastic modulus value regardless of the condition of the other parameters. The other parameters did not reveal any statistically significant effect. The laser ultrasonics measurements showed that cooling and no-cooling had a greater effect on elastic modulus, with the other parameters having little effect. Laser ultrasonics detected parameters whose influence can be detected near the surface (in this work the cooling and no-cooling), but did not detect those parameters that influence the properties throughout the coating. Indentation detected the parameters that influence the properties throughout the coating, in this work continuous and paused spraying.
HVOF Process Optimization for the Erosion Resistance of WC-12Co and WC-10Co-4Cr Coatings
Authors: Arsenault B. , Legoux J.G. , Hawthorne H. , Immarigeon J.P. , Gougeon P. , Moreau C.
Published: June 2022

Recent studies have demonstrated that WC-12Co and WC- 10Co-4Cr coatings were the best performing HVOF coatings against erosion. This paper looks at the influences of the HVOF process parameters for WC-12Co and WC-10Co-4Cr materials on the erosion resistance of the coatings. The effect of powder morphology, matrix chemistry and HVOF process parameters with respect to both silica slurry erosion and alumina dry erosion has been studied. All coatings were produced using the HVOF JP-5000 system with kerosene-oxygen flame. The spraying parameters were analyzed in term of sprayed particle velocity and temperature as measured with the DFV2000 optical diagnostic system. Simultaneously with in-flight particle measurements, the substrate-coating temperature was monitored by infrared pyrometry during coating deposition. The resulting coating microstructure was evaluated in terms of microhardness, porosity type and extent of wear damage after dry and slurry erosion. The material volume loss under various erosion conditions was related to the coating properties and microstructure. According to the experimental results, the following conclusions are drawn: 1) the kerosene flow rate affects the inflight particle state (velocity and temperature) and the coating porosity. 2) Cobalt-chrome matrix cermet performs better in slurry erosion while denser and harder cobalt matrix cermet performs better in dry erosion. 3) The use of kerosene-rich flame with lower oxygen stoichiometry reduces the carbide degradation and optimizes the wear performance of WC-12Co coatings in both dry and slurry erosion.
Improvement of Wear Resistance of Thermal Sprayed Molybdenum Coating by Diamond Deposition Using Combustion Flame CVD
Authors: Ando Y. , Fukuda K. , Tobe S.
Published: June 2022

To improve wear resistance of the atmospheric thermal plasma sprayed molybdenum coating, diamond deposition on the molybdenum plate and the atmospheric plasma sprayed molybdenum coating by the combustion flame chemical vapor deposition (CVD) was carried out. Diamond has excellent properties such as low surface energy, hardness, chemical corrosion resistance ability and so on. Besides, since the combustion flame CVD is the process carried out in the air, diamond/ molybdenum complex coating can be deposited without any vacuum facilities by using this technique if molybdenum coating is deposited by atmospheric thermal spray. In this study, acetylene welding torch was used as diamond synthesis apparatus and mass flow ratio C2H2/O2 was varied from 0.9 to 1.3. Consequently, many diamond particles which were 10 micrometer in diameter respectively were deposited on the molybdenum plate by only 20 minutes combustion flame irradiation in the case of 1.2 in mass flow ratio of C2H2/O2. Especially, the molybdenum coating was covered with diamond films consists of 10 micrometer diameter particles in the case of over 1373K in deposition temperature. Besides, according to the results of wear testing, wear mass loss of diamond deposited coatings were much lower than that of original thermal sprayed molybdenum coatings. From these results, this process was found to have a high potential in order to improve wear resistance of thermal sprayed coating.
Failure Analysis of Passive Components
Authors: Silvus Stan
Published: June 2022

This article explains why it has become necessary for equipment builders to analyze passive component failures and how the findings should be reported to manufacturers. It describes the general approach and steps involved in analyzing passive component failures and the methods and equipment used. It also explains how an actual failure involving a microwave switch was resolved.
Roadmaps: Advanced Fault Isolation Techniques
Authors: Clark Richard , Rao Valluri , Vallett David
Published: June 2022

Technologies relatively new to failure analysis, like time-correlated photon counting, electro-optical probing, antireflective (AR) coating, Schlieren microscopy, and superconducting quantum interference (SQUID) devices are being leveraged to create faster, more powerful tools to meet increasingly difficult challenges in failure analysis. This article reviews recent advances and research in fault isolation and circuit repair.
Stress Voiding in IC Interconnects—Rules of Evidence for Failure Analysts
Authors: Filter William F.
Published: June 2022

This is the second article in a two-part series on the causes of stress voiding and the evidence required to tie it to an IC interconnect failure. The first part, published in the November 1999 issue of EDFA, focuses on the causes and distinguishing characteristics of stress void failures. Here, that information is applied in the analysis of an actual case of stress voiding. The author explains how he developed evidence of stress, nucleation, and diffusion, the three phenomena required to differentiate stress voiding from other failure mechanisms, and how this evidence pointed to specific processing errors and suggested how to fix them. Although the investigation relied heavily on traditional observational tools, they were applied in new ways using a relatively new technique, FIB backside thinning, to gain critical proof of nucleation and confirm suspected processing errors.
Magnetic Field Imaging Using a "SQUID" for Fault Isolation
Authors: Knauss Lee A.
Published: June 2022

Recent work with a commercial instrument based on a SQUID sensor shows that magnetic field imaging can be very effective in isolating defect shorts in packages and dies. This technique is especially beneficial when the defect is buried under layers of metal, Si, or encapsulation materials. Many of these defects can be imaged for coarse localization without any deprocessing of the sample. SQUID sensors can produce weak current images even in the presence of background current five orders of magnitude stronger. This high sensitivity also enables effective imaging with much lower currents than thermal techniques.
Passivation Cracks in a Four-Level Metal Low-k Dielectric Backend Process – A Case Study
Authors: Olewine Michael C. , DiGregorio John F. , Colovos Gus J. , Saiz Kevin F. , Sun Hongjiang
Published: June 2022

This case study describes the difficulties and challenges failure analysts encountered in their nearly year-long investigation into the cause of cracking in a dielectric film. Despite the trend in microelectronics to use ever more costly and sophisticated equipment, this investigation was conducted using only SEM and optical microscope observations coupled with persistent detective work, which eventually uncovered to the cause.
Using Laboratory Simulation and Failure Analysis to Differentiate EOS and ESD Failures – An ISTFA ’99 Panel
Authors: Henry Leo G. , Chowdhury Vijay
Published: June 2022

At the ISTFA ’99 event, the organizers arranged for the first time a panel discussion on failure analysis related purely to EOS/ESD issues. Each panelist presented their area of expertise followed by two hours of lively exchange with the attendees and among attendees. The panel discussed how to differentiate EOS and ESD failures. These failures are more critical with the industry move to submicron geometries and newer interconnect materials and other processing technologies, such as copper and flip-chip processing.
Rapid Failure Analysis on Advanced Microprocessors through Unit Level Traceability
Authors: Riordan Walter
Published: June 2022

Unit level traceability (ULT) is a powerful tool that allows complete die histories to be accessed in the course of testing and analysis. It is especially useful for identifying the likely causes of microprocessor failures and in cases where failure analysis resources are limited. In the article, the author explains how he used ULT in the investigation of a 0.25-µm CMOS processor. Using the ULT of the die, he discovered a failure signature based on die location on the wafer. One root cause of failure was traced to cross-field variation in the lithography process due to marginal focus control. Another failure, observed after burn-in, was traced to the presence of residual titanium left after metal etch.
Roadmap: Frontiers of Analytical Metrology for the Silicon Semiconductor Industry
Authors: Shaffner Thomas , Seiler David
Published: June 2022

The 1997 National Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (NTRS) and the 1999 International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) include chapters outlining metrology needs for the silicon semiconductor industry during the next five years and beyond1. The grand challenges include affordable scaling, new materials and structures, and yield and reliability. Although additional requirements within these categories are detailed, it is often difficult for the analytical specialist or metrology equipment vendor to translate these grand challenges into detailed and meaningful roadmaps for success in analytical applications or instrument development. The path-to-impact of a single metrology activity is not always clear.
Numerical Analysis of Temperature Distribution in Tandem Welding Process
Authors: ÜNAL Osman , AKKAŞ Nuri
Published: June 2022

In this study, the numerical solutions for the steady-state heat conduction problem with uniform heat source, the steady-state heat conduction problem with convective heat transfer and the transient heat conduction problem have been developed using finite difference method. These numerical solutions have been validated with analytical solutions. After observing the good agreements between numerical solutions and analytical solutions, these three different problems combined to simulate the tandem welding process. The first objective of this study is to present a numerical simulator for the transient heat conduction problem that includes non-uniform moving heat sources and convective heat transfer term. This numerical simulator contains explicit and implicit time discretization methods. In this simulator, it is possible to change the grid sizes, time step sizes, total simulation time, distance between electrodes, magnitude of the sources' power, speed of the sources, etc. Secondly, the temperature distribution of single and twin wire welding processes have been compared using proposed numerical simulator to investigate the premature solidification of liquid metal in low-temperature zone of molten pool. Thirdly, experimental study was carried out using Fluke Thermal Imager to validate numerical results. It was obtained that the maximum temperature of numerical result is very close to the maximum temperature of experimental result with 0.248 % error. Finally, the all Matlab codes related to developed numerical simulator have been added to Appendix to facilitate other researchers’ work.
A Research on Mammalian Fauna of Manisa
Authors: İLEMİN Yasin
Published: June 2022

Bu araştırma ile Manisa İlindeki memeli faunasının ve bu türler üzerindeki tehditlerin belirlenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Arazi çalışmaları 2018 ve 2019 yıllarında toplamda 45 gün boyunca gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmalar sonucunda 36 farklı karasal ve iç su memeli türü tespit edilmiştir. Mevcut türler içinden özellikle büyük memeli ve etçil türler olan Çakal (Canis aureus), Kurt (Canis lupus), Bozayı (Ursus arctos), Karakulak (Caracal caracal), Yaban kedisi (Felis silvestris), Saz kedisi (Felis chaus), Çizgili sırtlan (Hyaena hyaena), Karaca (Capreolus capreolus) ile Oklu kirpi (Hystrix indica) ve yarasalardan Rhinolophidae ve Vespertilionidae familyalarına ait türlerin tehdit altında olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Bu tehditlerin yeri ve derecesi paylaşılmış, alınması gereken önlemlere yönelik öneriler sunulmuştur.
New Floristic Records for B8 Square from Perisuyu Valley (YedisuKarlıova / Bingöl)
Authors: CENGİZ Hikmet , BEHÇET Lütfi
Published: June 2022

Bu çalışma, 2017-2021 yılları arasında Perisuyu Vadisi (Yedisu-Karlıova / Bingöl)’nde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu bölgede belirlenen 62 taksonun (40 tür, 17 alttür ve 5 varyete) B8 karesindeki yayılışları ilk defa tespit edilmiştir. Verilen taksonlardan 20 tanesi endemiktir. Yeni kayıt listesinde yer alan lokal endemik veya dar yayılışlı 11 taksonun araştırma alanımızda da yayılışının belirlenmesi ile ilgili bazı değerlendirmeler verilmiştir. Çalışmada sunulan taksonların fitocoğrafik bölgelere dağılımları şu şekildedir: İran-Turan 21, Avrupa-Sibirya 7, Akdeniz 3 ve fitocoğrafik bölgesi bilinmeyen veya geniş yayılışlı 31.
Iğdır İli Elma Bahçelerinde Görülen Yabancı Ot Florasının Belirlenmesi ve Bölge Çiftçisinin Sorunları Çözmedeki Yaklaşımları
Authors: PARİN Elmas , GÜRBÜZ Ramazan
Published: June 2022

This study was conducted to determine the weed species, their frequency, and density of weeds in the apple orchards of Iğdır province, as well as the approaches of the farmers in the region to solve the weed problems and their control methods. Surveys were conducted in 50 apple orchards in 2020. Besides, a questionnaire survey was conducted with 100 farmers engaged in apple growing. A total of 53 weed species belonging to 15 families, including 1 parasite, 2 narrow-leaved, and 12 broad-leaved weeds were identified. The highest number of weeds among these identified families were Asteraceae (12 species), Poaceae (12 species), and Brassicaceae (9 species), respectively. The weeds with the highest frequency were Bromus tectorum (84%), Echinochloa crus-galli (84%), and Trifolium pratense (82%). The weeds with the highest density were determined as T. pratense (76.44 plant/m2), Seteria viridis (74.62 plant/m2), and Alopecurus myosuroides (70.96 plant/m2). In the current study, 96% of the farmers stated that the weeds were very dense in the apple orchards and the weed species with the highest density were A. myosuroides (80%), Poa trivialis (74%), and Hordeum murinum (73%). They stated that none of the farmers engaged in apple cultivation in Iğdır province used chemicals for controlling weeds. In addition, when the opinions of the farmers were taken, they stated that they mow the weeds in the apple orchards and use them to feed their livestock. As a result, it is seen that the farmers do not manage weeds in the apple orchards of Iğdır province and the density of weeds in the apple orchards is very high.
Klark Kertenkelesi, Darevskia clarkorum (Darevsky & Vedmederja, 1977) ve Trabzon Kertenkelesi, Darevskia rudis (Bedriaga, 1886) (Squamata: Lacertidae)’te İlk Kuyruk Çatallanması Gözlemi
Authors: BÜLBÜL Ufuk , SARIKURT Sema
Published: June 2022

İkili ve üçlü çatallanma gibi kuyruk anomalileri farklı Lacertid türlerinde gözlenmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’nin Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi’nde Darevskia clarkorum ve Darevskia rudis türlerine ait erkek bireylerde ikili kuyruk çatallanması gözlenmiştir. D. clarkorum örneğinde, SVL ve TL sırasıyla 55,37 ve 66,43 mm’dir. Kuyruk tabanından çatallanma 42,82 mm’de meydana gelmiştir. Rejenere kuyruk 8,45 mm uzunluğundadır. D. rudis örneğinde, SVL ve TL sırasıyla 83,56 ve 128,93 mm’dir. Kuyruk tabanından çatallanma 33,38 mm’de meydana gelmiştir. Rejenere kuyruk ise 46,77 mm uzunluğundadır.
Concessions des autoroutes et péages en Italie : entre marché et régulation
Authors: Martucci Francesco
Published: June 2022

La catastrophe du pont Morandi à Gênes a constitué l’occasion pour faire un bilan de la gestion des autoroutes en Italie. Alors qu’originellement, celles-ci étaient gérées par des entités publiques, la très grande majorité d’entre elles font l’objet d’une concession. Progressivement, ont vu le jour une mise en concurrence pour l’attribution des concessions et une régulation ex ante des tarifs.
History of the Flipped Classroom Model and Uses of the Flipped Classroom Concept
Authors: Ağırman Nesibe , Ercoşkun Muhammet Hanifi
Published: June 2022

Flipped Classroom (FC) Model is an approach based on learning the simple and theoretical parts of a subject in extracurricular time through educational technologies and performing higher-level studies during class time. With the development and spread of educational technologies, the interest in the FC Model has increased. In the present study, we aimed to reveal the historical development of the FC Model, which is a current teaching model, and what kind of uses it has as a concept. The findings, which were put forward in line with this purpose, were reached by the document analysis method. With reference to the results of the research, although the ideas and practices that paved the way for the emergence of the FC Model are older, it could be said that the approach was expressed as a concept in its present form in 2000. In addition, it was revealed that the interest in the FC Model continued to increase over the years and it was expressed with several concepts. As a result of the investigation, it was determined that flipped classroom was the one used most among these concepts. Based on the results of the study, certain suggestions were made. It is expected that this research will contribute to the field in terms of revealing the historical development of the FC Model and the concepts in which the concept of FC is used in the literature.
Student Teachers’ Experiences in an Emergency Remote Microteaching Course: Lessons Learned for the COVID-19 Era and Beyond
Authors: Sanal-Erginel Senem
Published: June 2022

This is a case study that aims to focus on academic and emotional experiences of a group of student teachers who took a microteaching course that was adapted to become fully online, due to a complete lockdown during the first wave of the Covid-19 pandemic. The qualitative data that was gathered through feedback form and via interviews revealed that overall, the student teachers thought positively about this fully online microteaching course. However, in this course process, the data indicated that the student teachers felt lost as they felt they were not heard, seen or cared and as they experienced connection and engagement problems mostly due to technological inadequacies. In this process, they were in need of receiving attention emotionally. They experienced difficulties due to the demanding nature of the course with high number of assignments, their lack of technological competences and inadequate technological infrastructure. It was evident that most student teachers felt disappointed and missed the authenticity of the face-to-face learning and teaching atmosphere. The study showed that in this online microteaching course, the student teachers were in need of reflective, collaborative and more supportive learning and teaching environment in which they could be engaged in academic and social dialogue with peers and with the course instructor for their learning, transformation and professional development.
An Investigation on the Perceptions of Primary School Teachers Related to the Application Levels of Differentiated Instruction
Authors: Gülay Ahmet , Altun Taner
Published: June 2022

The aim of this study is to determine the perceptions of primary school teachers related to the application levels of differentiated instruction, and to investigate these perceptions in terms of participating in in-service training for this approach, presence of students with different characteristic, graduated faculty, and gender. In the study, survey method as one of the quantitative research designs was employed. The study group of the research was composed of 703 primary school teachers selected by random sampling. The study data were gathered with "Differentiated Instruction Scale" developed by the researchers. The collected data were subjected to descriptive and inferential statistics using the SPSS 18 software. As a result of the research, it was determined that the perceptions of primary school teachers related to the implementation of differentiated instruction were high. In addition, these perceptions of primary school teachers who participated in differentiated instruction training were significantly higher than those who did not, primary school teachers graduated from education faculties compared to those who graduated from other faculties, and female primary school teachers compared to men had higher perceptions of differentiated instruction. It was concluded that the perceptions of primary school teachers did not change significantly according to the presence of students with different characteristics in the classrooms. It is suggested that new studies should be carried out using the scale developed in this study and in-service training for differentiated instruction should be disseminated for teachers.
Investigation of Classroom Teachers' Curriculum Fidelity
Authors: Süer Sedef , Kinay İsmail
Published: June 2022

Curriculum fidelity refers to the closeness between the formal and implemented program and is the determination of how well a curriculum is implemented in line with its original design. The teacher is emphasized as an important variable for curriculum fidelity, and his/her attitudes and behaviors during the implementation of designed curriculum are important for the innovation and development studies in curriculum and instruction field. In this context, the aim of this study is to reveal the curriculum fidelity behaviors of primary teachers who are to use curriculum of different disciplines. This study was based on a survey design in which quantitative data were used. In this context, the Curriculum Fidelity Scale and an open-ended questionnaire form were applied to a total of 516 primary teachers who voluntarily participated in the study. The data obtained were analyzed with descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA tests. The findings showed that primary teachers have a high curriculum fidelity highlighting the programs’ functions of directing the learning activities and informing about the targets of the school subjects. In addition, it was concluded that while the primary teachers felt the need to apply to curriculum of the core subjects, they mostly benefited from the curriculum components which are learning and teaching activities.
Prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and intellectual disability among children with hydrocephalus
Authors: Maleknia Pedram , Chalamalla Ashritha Reddy , Arynchyna-Smith Anastasia , Dure Leon , Murdaugh Donna , Rocque Brandon G.
Published: June 2022

OBJECTIVE

Little is known about the prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children with hydrocephalus. In this study, the authors assessed the prevalence of ADHD and its association with clinical and demographic factors, including intellectual disability (ID), a potential factor that can confound the diagnosis of ADHD.

METHODS

The authors conducted a cross-sectional study of children 6–12 years of age with hydrocephalus using parent telephone surveys. The Child and Adolescent Intellectual Disability Screening Questionnaire (CAIDS-Q) and the National Institute for Children’s Health Quality (NICHQ) Vanderbilt Assessment Scale were used to screen for ID and ADHD, respectively. Among children without ID, the authors identified those with ADHD and calculated a prevalence estimate and 95% confidence interval (Wald method). Logistic regression analysis was conducted to compare children with ADHD with those without ADHD based on demographics, family income, parental educational, etiology of hydrocephalus, and primary treatment. As a secondary analysis, the authors compared subjects with ID with those without using the same variables. Multivariable analysis was used to identify factors with independent association with ADHD and ID.

RESULTS

A total of 147 primary caregivers responded to the telephone questionnaire. Seventy-two children (49%) met the cutoff score for ID (CAIDS-Q). The presence of ID was significantly associated with lower family income (p < 0.001). Hydrocephalus etiology (p = 0.051) and initial treatment (p = 0.06) approached significance. Of children without ID (n = 75), 25 demonstrated a likely diagnosis of ADHD on the NICHQ, yielding a prevalence estimate of 0.33 (95% CI 0.22–0.44). No clinical or demographic variable showed significant association with ADHD.

CONCLUSIONS

These data indicate that the prevalence of ADHD among children with hydrocephalus (33%) is higher than among the general population (estimated prevalence in Alabama is 12.5%). ID is also common (49%). Routine screening for ADHD and ID in children with hydrocephalus may help to ensure that adequate resources are provided to optimize functional outcomes across development.
Pediatric acute epidural hematoma caused by contrecoup injury: illustrative case
Authors: Hashimoto Yousuke , Kajiwara Sosho , Furuta Keiichiro , Takeuchi Yasuharu , Morioka Motohiro
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND

Acute epidural hematomas (AEDHs) are formed by injury of the middle meningeal artery or venous sinus with a linear fracture just above these blood vessels. The incidence of AEDH without fracture is low, and the formation of an acute epidural hematoma due to contrecoup injury is even rarer. Here, the authors report a case of pediatric AEDH due to contrecoup injury.

OBSERVATIONS

A 6-year-old boy was injured in a traffic accident and was ejected from of the car. At admission, he was clearly conscious without obvious neurological deficits. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a small fracture in the right occipital lobe and a thin epidural hematoma in the contralateral left frontal lobe. A CT scan 3 hours later showed an expanded AEDH. Furthermore, the patient presented with progressive disturbance of consciousness. An emergency craniotomy was performed, but no obvious bleeding point or fracture was observed.

LESSONS

The source of bleeding in AEDH due to contrecoup injury in the frontal region is thought to be due to microvessel injury in the dura. Anatomical fragility and the amount of energy transferred causing the injury are associated with the AEDH formation due to contrecoup injury; thus, strict management in high-energy trauma is required.
Language improvement after awake craniotomy in a 12-year-old child: illustrative case
Authors: Collée Ellen , Satoer Djaina , Wegener Sleeswijk Barbara , Klimek Markus , Smits Marion , Van Veelen Marie-Lise , Dirven Clemens , Vincent Arnaud
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND

Although the standard procedure to treat adult patients with lesions in eloquent brain areas is awake craniotomy with direct electrical stimulation, this procedure is not often used in children because of feasibility concerns. Some studies have shown that the procedure is feasible in children. They reported the postoperative language ability, which was not based on standardized language tests for children. To give an objective overview of preoperative assessment of the language ability of a child before and after this procedure, the authors described the perioperative course, including standardized language tests for children and the awake surgery setting, of a 12-year-old child undergoing awake craniotomy with brain mapping for the indication of cavernoma in the left somatosensory cortex close to the motor cortex.

OBSERVATIONS

The patient performed better on language tests after surgery, showing that his language ability improved. He also cooperated well during the entire perioperative period. His mother was present during the awake surgery, and the patient tolerated the surgery well.

LESSONS

The authors conclude that awake craniotomy is indeed feasible in a child and that it can even result in an improved postoperative language outcome. It is, however, crucial to carefully assess, inform, and monitor the child and their proxies.
Modern Historiography of the NEP: A Century Was Not Enough
Authors: Feldman Mikhail
Published: June 2022

The article, based on an examination of an array of publications by researchers in academic journals, focuses on the extent to which the new economic policy in the USSR has been studied. The author highlights the most difficult aspects of the problem, namely the quality of self-organisation, the interaction of the sectors of the NEP economy, the effectiveness of control “from the top”, which indeed raised many questions among politicians, scholars and specialists in the late 1920s and among historians for many decades. The analysis suggests that there is a distinctive historiographical bridge between the best historical studies of the Soviet era and those of the first decades of the twenty-first century. The main achievement of the historical research on the problem has been to reveal the scale of the difficulties of an ideological, financial and personnel nature that arose during the years of the NEP, primarily in agriculture. Historians have justifiably pointed out the low profitability of public sector enterprises. The possibility of implementing an industrial project on the basis of the New Economic Policy remains a controversial issue in the academic literature. At the same time, a study of the combinaion of factors that led to the adoption of the first five-year plan demonstrates the potential of the multilayered economy of the 1920s, refuting the thesis of the “backwardness” and “doom” of the NEP. The analysis of historiographical writings on the NEP leads to the conclusion that in recent years this period has reverted to a relatively neglected research area in contemporary academic literature: studies on the historical methodology of Bolshevism and Stalinism have been suspended; characteristic is the absence of major works on the “new economic policy” as a system in the context of the political, social and economic development of Soviet society. The article systematises and elaborates on overlooked and little-studied problems.
“The Peace of Jurjev” Between Russia and Estonia: History and Consequences
Authors: Volodko Anna
Published: June 2022

The article focuses on the Treaty of Tartu of February 2, 1920 between the Russian Socialist Federal Soviet Republic and the Democratic Republic of Estonia, which laid the foundation for relations between the two countries for 20 years. As a result of the annexation of Estonia to the USSR in 1940, it ceased to have legal force. However, since the collapse of the USSR, the Estonian side has been trying to “bring it back to life” by declaring it a “cornerstone” of its independence, defining, inter alia, its land border. The article traces the history of the treaty, examines its consequences, briefly analyses the current political controversy surrounding it, and evaluates its assessment in contemporary Russian and Estonian historiography. Having studied the documents and experts' opinions, the author concludes that, although the Treaty of Tartu has no legal force, it is an instructive example of how an imperfect “compromise” international agreement has affected the subsequent relationship between the states. This article draws on documents from the Foreign Policy Archive of the Russian Federation, published in the collection of documents of Foreign Policy of the USSR, and from the State Archive of the Republic of Estonia.