bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multipath detection with the combination of SNR measurements – Example from urban environment
Authors: Špánik Peter , Hefty Ján
Published: January 2018

Multipath is one of the most severe station-dependent error sources in both static and kinematic positioning. Relatively new and simple detection technique using the Signal-to-Noise (SNR) measurements on three frequencies will be presented based on idea of Strode and Groves. Exploitation of SNR measurements is benefi cial especially for their unambiguous character. Method is based on the fact that SNR values are closely linked with estimation of pseudo-ranges and phase measurements during signal correlation processing. Due to this connection, combination of SNR values can be used to detect anomalous behavior in received signal, however some kind of calibration in low multipath environment has to be done previously. In case of multipath, phase measurements on different frequencies will not be affected in the same manner. Specular multipath, e.g. from building wall introduces additional path delay which is interpreted differently on each of the used carrier, due to different wavelengths. Experimental results of multipath detection in urban environment will be presented. Originally proposed method is designed to work with three different frequencies in each epoch, thus only utilization of GPS Block II-F and Galileo satellites is possible. Simplification of detection statistics to use only two frequencies is made and results using GPS and GLONASS systems are presented along with results obtained using original formula.
Cardiometabolic effects of psychotropic medications
Authors: Abosi Oluchi , Lopes Sneha , Schmitz Samantha , Fiedorowicz Jess G.
Published: January 2018

Background

Many psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depression convey an excess burden of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The medications used to treat these conditions may further adversely affect cardiovascular risk and exacerbate health disparities for vulnerable populations. There is a clinical need to appreciate the cardiometabolic adverse effects of psychotropic medications.

Methods

This paper reviews the most relevant cardiometabolic effects of psychotropic medications, organized around the components of metabolic syndrome. When known, the molecular and physiological mechanisms underlying any adverse cardiometabolic effects are detailed.

Results

Many commonly used psychotropic medications, particularly antipsychotics, mood stabilizers and some antidepressants, have been independently associated with cardiometabolic risk factors such as insulin resistance, obesity and dyslipidemia. Stimulants, antidepressants that inhibit reuptake of norepinephrine, some antipsychotics and valproic acid derivatives may also increase blood pressure.

Conclusion

Understanding, assessing and subsequently managing cardiometabolic complications of psychotropic medications are important to mitigate the excess cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the clinical populations prescribed psychotropic medications. There is considerable variability in risk between medications and individuals. Timely management of iatrogenic cardiometabolic effects is critical.
Foreign-language teaching and studying in Chilean and Finnish classrooms as seen by teachers
Authors: Harjanne Pirjo , Larenas Claudio Díaz , Tella Seppo
Published: January 2018

This article reports Chilean and Finnish foreign-language (FL) teachers’ perceptions of teaching and study realities in their own FL classrooms. Communicative language teaching (CLT) is used as the teaching–studying–learning methodological framework of an international KIELO project (= the acronym for Finnish “kieltenopetus” meaning “language teaching”), whose online survey was used to collect data for this article. We aim at answering the following research question: What are the FL teachers’ main approaches to teaching and studying in Chilean and Finnish FL classrooms and what is the FL classroom teaching and study reality like in these two countries? The data were collected from 83 Chilean and 147 Finnish FL teachers through an online survey covering 15 key themes of CLT and including 115 Likert-scale statements and 8 open-ended questions. In the descriptive data analysis, both Chilean and Finnish FL teachers claim that they encourage their students to use the target language considerably and that they use communicative oral tasks. For both groups of participants, however, teacher-centeredness and use of textbook score relatively high. The two-cluster analysis revealed a context-dependent cluster and a context-independent cluster. Context-dependent teachers tended to favor communicative oral tasks, real-life tasks and their own language tasks, whereas context-independent teachers favored more non-communicative tasks. Context-dependent teachers proved more student-centered than context-independent teachers. For Chilean and Finnish research participants, the use of mother tongue in foreign language classrooms appears to be an issue despite the growing need of foreign language communication.
Abilities of phonological awareness in the context of cognitive development in preschool age
Authors: Grofčíková Soňa , Máčajová Monika
Published: January 2018

Phonological awareness is considered a key phenomenon having crucial position among abilities and processes which are important and responsible for the development of reading and writing (initial literacy). The paper deals with the significance and level of development of selected cognitive functions of a child in relation to the abilities of phonological awareness. The child’s current cognitive development is a predictor for certain level of phonological awareness. The paper is focused on a description of speech perception, language, oral vocabulary and phonological memory of children in preschool age. It is an output of the research project VEGA no. 1/0637/16 Development of a Diagnostic Tool to Assess the Level of Phonemic Awareness of Children in Preschool Age.
Redundancy in the verbal communication of teachers in primary education
Authors: Horváthová Kinga
Published: January 2018

On a theoretical level with the support of literature, we offer some definitions of the concept of redundancy, point to the similarities and differences in the perception of this phenomenon in technical, social and pedagogical communication. We point out the positive and negative aspects of redundancy in the teacher's language. The research part is aimed at mapping the presence of redundancy in the language of primary education teachers. We were interested in which grade in the subject of mathematics is redundancy the most represented and whether it may be considered positive or unnecessary. The research was conducted at five primary schools on a sample of twenty teachers. The method of the research was the direct observation of lessons. The accuracy of the observation was ensured by audio recording and its analysis. We have found that redundancy is most often present in the third grade.
The Impact of Subsidies on Production Innovation and Sustainable Growth
Authors: Žampa Sabina , Bojnec Štefan
Published: January 2018

This paper investigates correlation between subsidies to invest in development projects, innovation, financial performance and sustainable growth. The focus of the study is on subsidies for co-financing purchases of new technological equipment aimed at promoting innovation and production of new products. Subsidies are distributed based on the prepared European Union (EU) and national programs for the purposes of faster economic growth in accordance with the policies and guidelines of the EU. The paper employs a combination of enterprises’ accounting data, data on subsidies and unique in-depth data obtained through a survey at the enterprise level. The results revealed a positive impact of subsidies on financial indicators, and only limited effect on innovation. While analyzing sustainable growth, we have established that the enterprises that received subsidies had a higher growth of financial indicators.
New ways of looking at very small holes – using optical nanoscopy to visualize liver sinusoidal endothelial cell fenestrations
Authors: Øie Cristina I. , Mönkemöller Viola , Hübner Wolfgang , Schüttpelz Mark , Mao Hong , Ahluwalia Balpreet S. , Huser Thomas R. , McCourt Peter
Published: January 2018

Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy, also known as nanoscopy, has provided us with a glimpse of future impacts on cell biology. Far-field optical nanoscopy allows, for the first time, the study of sub-cellular nanoscale biological structures in living cells, which in the past was limited to electron microscopy (EM) (in fixed/dehydrated) cells or tissues. Nanoscopy has particular utility in the study of “fenestrations” – phospholipid transmembrane nanopores of 50–150 nm in diameter through liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) that facilitate the passage of plasma, but (usually) not blood cells, to and from the surrounding hepatocytes. Previously, these fenestrations were only discernible with EM, but now they can be visualized in fixed and living cells using structured illumination microscopy (SIM) and in fixed cells using single molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) techniques such asdirectstochastic optical reconstruction microscopy. Importantly, both methods use wet samples, avoiding dehydration artifacts. The use of nanoscopy can be extended to thein vitrostudy of fenestration dynamics, to address questions such as the following: are they actually dynamic structures, and how do they respond to endogenous and exogenous agents? A logical further extension of these methodologies to liver research (including the liver endothelium) will be their application to liver tissue sections from animal models with different pathological manifestations and ultimately to patient biopsies. This review will cover the current state of the art of the use of nanoscopy in the study of liver endothelium and the liver in general. Potential future applications in cell biology and the clinical implications will be discussed.
Analysis of tank safety with propane-butane on LPG distribution station
Authors: Krzysiak Zbigniew , Samociuk Waldemar , Bartnik Grzegorz , Plizga Krzysztof , Dziki Dariusz , Kaliniewicz Zdzisław , Nieoczym Aleksander , Wyciszkiewicz Aleksander , Otto Tomasz
Published: January 2018

An analysis of the risk of failure in the safety valve – tank with propane-butane (LPG) system has been conducted. An uncontrolled outflow of liquid LPG, caused by a failure of the above mentioned system has been considered as a threat. The main research goal of the study is the hazardous analysis of propane-butane gas outflow for the safety valve – LPG tank system. The additional goal is the development of an useful method to fast identify the hazard of a mismatched safety valve. The results of the research analysis have confirmed that safety valves are basic protection of the installation (tank) against failures that can lead to loss of life, material damage and further undesired costs of their unreliability. That is why a new, professional computer program has been created that allows for the selection of safety valves or for the verification of a safety valve selection in installations where any technical or technological changes have been made.
Some Countries’ Experience in Organizing Professional Training and Activity of Probation Officers
Authors: Duka Oleh
Published: January 2018

In the article, some countries’ experience in organizing professional training and activities of probation officers has been analyzed. Based on comparative analysis of activities of the Probation Institute abroad, it has been determined that probation service has different functional and organizational features in individual countries. For instance, probation service in different countries is subordinate to different agencies. Thus, probation service in Great Britain, Denmark, Japan, Finland, Norway, Latvia, the Czech Republic and Estonia is under the control of the Ministry of Justice; in the USA, Germany, Hungary, it is subordinate to the judiciary; in the Netherlands – public prosecutor’s office; in Sweden – prison authorities; in Singapore, probation service is under the guidance of the Ministry of Community Development and Sports. Another difference consists in the fact that in some countries the law defines probation as punishment (Sweden, Finland, Latvia), whereas in other countries it refers to some criminal measures (Great Britain), exemption from punishment (Estonia) or is not determined at all (the USA). Despite the differences, the goals and means of achieving them in each probation service are similar in the context of criminal law. The approaches to professional training of probation officers have been analyzed and relevant conclusions have been drawn regarding organization of probation officers’ professional training in Ukraine. In particular, work with offenders should be performed by highly qualified specialists who have a degree and who have passed specialized training courses in educational institutions subordinate to probation authorities. It is important that the content of probation officers’ professional training should be constantly updated, taking into account new approaches and methods of working with convicts, which are recognized as effective.
Professional Training of Junior Medical Staff: European Experience
Authors: Iliasova Yuliia
Published: January 2018

The article covers current problems of professional training of junior medical staff. The main disadvantages of Ukrainian system of medical education that impede the intention of improving quality of professional training of junior medical staff have been analyzed. European experience in organizing medical education, namely, in Great Britain, Georgia, Italy, Poland and France has been studied. It has been determined that foreign experience in training medical junior staff differs from that in Ukraine. Comparative characterization of European and Ukrainian experience in training future nurses and midwives has been presented. The advantages of European professional training of future medical junior staff have been highlighted. It has been found out that in Europe more attention is paid to clinical disciplines than in Ukraine due to an increase in the number of academic hours allocated for practical training at clinical sites. The author emphasizes importance of independence in the process of training future junior medical staff in European educational space. The need for introducing into the education process of professional medical training in Ukraine communicative disciplines, including Pedagogy, which have long been used in medical education in Europe, has been specified. The author has considered the main features of apprenticeship being a new form of training in Ukrainian medical education that combines theoretical training and paid hospital placement. It has been concluded about European innovative trends in Ukrainian medical industry and gradual introduction of continuing consecutive education. It has been stressed that it is rather relevant to incorporate positive aspects of foreign experience in organizing medical education into modern reforms as well as new curricula in Ukraine.
Effects of cypress knee roughness on flow resistance and discharge estimates of the Turkey Creek watershed
Authors: Miroslaw-Swiatek Dorota , Amatya Devendra M.
Published: January 2018

Effects of cypress knee roughness on flow resistance and discharge estimates of the Turkey Creek watershed. In this study effects of cypress knees as vegetation resistance factor on Turkey Creek watershed discharge calculation were analyzed. The Turkey Creek watershed is a 3rd order stream system draining an approximate area of 5,240 ha. It is located at 33°08' N latitude and 79°47' W longitude, approximately 60 km north-west of City of Charleston in South Carolina (USA). Turkey Creek (WS 78) is typical of other watersheds in the south Atlantic coastal plain. In the case of Turkey Creek watershed, one of the main channels and riparian floodplain vegetation contains cypress trees. Cypress trees live in moist or swampy regions along the Atlantic coastal plain. The cypress trees are characterized by the unique root system called knees that appear just above the water line, up to 1.2 m above water surface. This study is conducted to examine the effects of roughness of cypress knee as related to its shape (diameter and height) on discharge estimates of the Turkey Creek watershed. Hydraulic characteristics of the cypress knees were determined by field inventory in selected cross-section along the main stream channel. The Pasche method was used to calculate the total Darcy–Weisbach friction factor in discharge capacity calculation of the study watershed. The results of this study show that the effect of vegetation shape in the Pasche approach is significant. If the variability of vegetation stem diameter is taken into consideration in the calculations, an increase by 10–32% in the values of friction coefficients occurs.
Physical education teachers in the High School of Užice from its establishment until the beginning of the First World War (1839 - 1914)
Authors: Mijatović Slađana , Zlatić Obrad , Vukašinović Vladan , Vekarić Gordana , Šiljak Violeta
Published: January 2018

Since the first years of high school instruction in the Principality of Serbia, various Ministers of Education, principals and first gymnastics teachers had been thinking about physical education instruction. Better political, economic and cultural situation in Serbia together with the influences and ideas arriving from culturally developed European countries gave rise to several initiatives related to physical education instruction which were introduced into high school curricula. Persons with different qualification levels were engaged as physical education teachers (gymnastics teachers) and they remained at that position for a few years. The aim of the paper was to establish who the PE teachers were in High School of Užice since its establishment until the beginning of the First World War (1839-1914). Historical method was used in this paper. From 1839 until 1878 there were no organized physical education classes (physical exercise and gymnastics) because the first teachers in this school were not interested, or experienced about this type of instruction. By the written approval, the Minister of Education appointed in September 1878 the first gymnastics teacher Steva Trifunović, teacher of painting and calligraphy. In the next period the classes used to be realized by teachers of Serbian language, geometry and algebra, geography or officers and sometimes even all other homeroom teachers. Regardless the fact that those were all people who had acquired basic knowledge on physical exercising in military schools or in gymnastic societies, it was still not enough for professional work in PE education and its further promotion. The solution to the problem was initiated only in 1910. when Josef Jehlička came, at the invitation of the Ministry of Education of the Kingdom of Serbia, together with a group of Czeck Sokol leaders who had been sent to work in High School of Užice and improved quality of physical education classes in that school thanks to his professional competence. That led to the conditions for the PE classes in High School of Užice to become more significant in the system of general education of students.
Generalization of recommendations on children physical activity
Authors: Ivashchenko Sergii , Trachuk Sergey
Published: January 2018

The focus of this article is how physical activity one of the leading health and wellbeing factors in the European Region. The synthesis of recommendations for physical activity presented in the literature of the world will allow specialists in physical education to focus in choosing the duration of organized physical activity for children with the purpose of positive impact on their health.
Removal of Acid Yellow 17 Dye by Fenton Oxidation Process
Authors: Khan Jehangeer , Sayed Murtaza , Ali Fayaz , Khan Hasan Mahmood
Published: January 2018

In the present research work the degradation of acid yellow 17 (AY 17) by H2O2/Fe2+ was investigated. The effect of various conditions such as pH value, temperature, conc. of H2O2, Fe2+, conc. of AY 17 were studied. Additionally the scavenging effects of various anions such as Cl−, SO4
2−, CO3
2− and HCO3
−, on percent degradation of AY 17 were examined. It was found that these anions decrease percent degradation as well as rate of degradation reaction. The optimum conditions were determined as [AY 17]=[Fe2+]=0.06 mM [H2O2]=0.9 mM, and pH 3.0 for 60 min of reaction time. It was found that at optimum conditions 89% degradation of AY17 was achieved. The degradation kinetics of AY17 followed pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics. Thermodynamic studies under natural conditions showed positive value of ∆H (enthalpy) which indicates the degradation process is endothermic.
Training Volume, Not Frequency, Indicative of Maximal Strength Adaptations to Resistance Training
Authors: Colquhoun Ryan J. , Gai Christopher M. , Aguilar Danielle , Bove Daniel , Dolan Jeffrey , Vargas Andres , Couvillion Kaylee , Jenkins Nathaniel D.M. , Campbell Bill I.
Published: January 2018

Colquhoun, RJ, Gai, CM, Aguilar, D, Bove, D, Dolan, J, Vargas, A, Couvillion, K, Jenkins, NDM, and Campbell, BI. Training volume, not frequency, indicative of maximal strength adaptations to resistance training. J Strength Cond Res 32(5): 1207–1213, 2018—To compare the effects of a high versus a moderate training frequency on maximal strength and body composition. Twenty-eight young, healthy resistance-trained men were randomly assigned to either: 3× per week (3×; n = 16) or 6× per week (6×; n = 12). Dependent variables (DVs) assessed at baseline and after the 6-week training intervention included: squat 1 repetition maximum (SQ1RM), bench press 1RM (BP1RM), deadlift 1RM (DL1RM), powerlifting total (PLT), Wilk's coefficient (WC), fat-free mass (FFM), and fat mass. Data for each DV were analyzed using a 2 × 2 between-within factorial repeated-measures analysis of variance. There was a main effect for time (p < 0.001) for SQ1RM (3×: +16.8 kg; 6×: +16.7 kg), BP1RM (3×: +7.8 kg; 6×: +8.8 kg), DL1RM (3×: +19 kg; 6×: +21 kg), PLT (3×: +43.6 kg; 6×: +46.5 kg), WC (3×: +27; 6×: +27.1), and FFM (3×: +1.7 kg; 6×: +2.6 kg). There were no group × time interactions or main effects for group. The primary finding was that 6 weeks of resistance training led to significant increases in maximal strength and FFM. In addition, it seems that increased training frequency does not lead to additional strength improvements when volume and intensity are equated. High-frequency (6× per week) resistance training does not seem to offer additional strength and hypertrophy benefits over lower frequency (3× per week) when volume and intensity are equated. Coaches and practitioners can therefore expect similar increases in strength and lean body mass with both 3 and 6 weekly sessions.
Abdominal Muscle Activation During Common Modifications of the Trunk Curl-up Exercise
Authors: Crommert Martin Eriksson , Bjerkefors Anna , Tarassova Olga , Ekblom Maria M.
Published: January 2018

Crommert, ME, Bjerkefors, A, Tarassova, O, and Ekblom, MM. Abdominal muscle activation during common modifications of the trunk curl-up exercise. J Strength Cond Res 35(2): 428–435, 2021—The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of common modifications of trunk curl-up exercise on the involvement of the abdominal muscles, particularly the deepest muscle layer, transversus abdominis (TrA). Ten healthy females performed 5 different variations of the trunk curl-up at a standardized speed, varying the exercise by assuming 3 different arm positions and applying left and right twist. Indwelling fine-wire electromyography (EMG) electrodes were used to record from TrA, obliquus internus (OI), obliquus externus (OE), and rectus abdominis (RA) unilaterally on the right side. Increasing the load by changing the arm position during a straight trunk curl-up increased the EMG of all abdominal muscles. Obliquus internus and TrA showed higher activation during right twist compared with left twist, whereas OE displayed the opposite pattern. Rectus abdominis did not show any change in activation level between twisting directions. The apparent load dependency on the activation level of all muscles, and the twisting direction dependency of all muscles except RA, are in keeping with the fiber orientation of the muscles. Notably, also TrA, with a less obvious mechanical role with regards to fiber orientation, increased activation with load during the straight trunk curl-up. However, the highest activation level of TrA during the trunk curl-up was only 40% of a maximum contraction; thus, it might not be the most suitable strength training exercise for this muscle.
Agricultural productivity, household poverty and migration in the Indian Sundarban Delta
Authors: Hajra Rituparna , Ghosh Tuhin
Published: January 2018

Deltas are highly sensitive to erosion, flooding, and salinization with consequential agricultural productivity losses and out-migration, which is a preferred adaptive measure for the inhabitants of deltaic islands. This study investigates the associations between agricultural productivity decrease, household poverty and the probability of out-migration in the Indian Sundarban Delta (ISD). Using newly collected survey data from randomly selected households within the ISD, we analysed these relationships by means of descriptive statistics and regression modeling. Results suggest the significant positive association between a decrease in agricultural productivity and out-migration. The results further show that ceteris paribus, out-migration is negatively associated with household poverty, which is likely to be explained by the effect of remittances. The results yield important policy implications at the local level and can contribute to the progress towards sustainable livelihoods in these deltaic islands.
Coagulation and fibrinolysis in hyperparathyroidism secondary to vitamin D deficiency
Authors: Elbers Laura P B , Wijnberge Marije , Meijers Joost C M , Poland Dennis C W , Brandjes Dees P M , Fliers Eric , Gerdes Victor E A
Published: January 2018

Introduction

Abnormal coagulation tests have been observed in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT) suggesting a prothrombotic effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH). Vitamin D deficiency (VIDD) is the most frequent cause of secondary HPT. Aim of our study was to investigate the influence of HPT secondary to moderate-to-severe VIDD and vitamin D replacement on the coagulation and fibrinolysis system.

Subjects and methods

Prospective cohort study of patients with vitamin D <25 nmol/L with and without HPT, and a control group of patients on vitamin D suppletion. At baseline and after 2 months of vitamin D suppletion (900,000 IU in 2 months), endocrine and coagulation markers were measured.

Results

59 patients with VIDD of which 34 had secondary HPT and 36 controls were included. After 2 months of suppletion, vitamin D increased by 399% (VIDD with HPT), 442% (all patients with VIDD) and 6% (controls). PTH decreased by 34% (VIDD with HPT, P < 0.01 for decrease), 32% (all VIDD, P < 0.01) and increased by 8% in the controls (P-values: <0.01 for relative changes between VIDD with HPT or all VIDD patients vs controls). Relative changes in PT, aPTT, fibrinogen, Von Willebrand factor, factors VII, VIII and X, thrombin generation, TAFI, clot-lysis time and d-dimer were not different between patients with VIDD with HPT or all VIDD vs controls.

Discussion

Secondary HPT due to VIDD does not have a prothrombotic effect. In contrast with previous reports, PTH does not seem to influence coagulation or fibrinolysis, which is relevant because of the high prevalence of VIDD.
miR-205 targets angiogenesis and EMT concurrently in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Vosgha Haleh , Ariana Armin , Smith Robert Anthony , Lam Alfred King-yin
Published: January 2018

The current study aims to evaluate for the first time the inhibitory roles ofmiR-205in the pathogenesis of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. In addition, we investigated the mechanisms by which miR-205 regulates angiogenesis and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cancer. Two anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cell lines were transfected with the expression vector pCMV-MIR-205. Selected markers of angiogenesis and EMT including vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) were investigated by Western blot. The interaction ofmiR-205expression with EMT and angiogenesis were also investigated by assessment of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 (MMP2 and MMP 9), SNAI1 (Snai1 family zinc finger 1), vimentin, E-cadherin and N-cadherin. The function ofmiR-205was further tested with VEGF enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), wound healing, invasion and tube formation assays. Using an animal model, we studied the association ofmiR-205with angiogenesis, proliferation and invasion. The following results were obtained. Permanent overexpression ofmiR-205significantly suppressed angiogenesis and EMT by simultaneously targetingVEGF-A,ZEB1and downstream products. Ectopic expression ofmiR-205in cancer cells led to decreased migration, invasion and tube formation of endothelial cells. In addition, inhibition of tumour growth, vascularisation and invasion were noted in the mouse tumour xenografts. Our findings provide insights into simultaneous regulatory role ofmiR-205in the pathogenesis of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma by suppressing both angiogenesis and EMT. This may open avenues to exploitmiR-205as an alternative cancer therapeutic strategy in the future.
TRIBOTECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FLUORINE- CONTAINING COATINGS
Authors: Auchynnikau Y. , Gubanov V. , Juciene M. , Eisymont Y.
Published: January 2018

Theoretical and technological bases for the formation of nanophase and nanocomposite fluoroorganic coatings when combining different types of activation effects are presented in the article. On the basis of the carried out studies, developed a technological and practical applications fundamentally new engineering tribological coatings with improved performance characteristics.
FRICTION AND ADHESION OF MONOMOLECULAR COATINGS
Authors: Kavaliova I.N. , Kovalev E.A. , Grigoriev A.Ya.
Published: January 2018

The paper presents data on measurements of friction and adhesion forces of silicon ball and silicon plate covered by DDPO4 (dodecylphosphoric acid ester), ODPO4 (octadecylphosphoric acid ester), SEBS (poly[styrene-b-(ethylene-co-butylene)-b-styrene]) and OTS (octadecyltrichlorsilane) and others. Tests were performed with reciprocating microtribometer and contact adhesion meter. The experimental results have shown, that coefficient of friction, between a silicon ball and silicon substrates modified by the monomolecular films, are varied in the range 0.05…0.25, with wear-resistance from 20 to 2000 cycles. An ambiguous correlation was found between friction and contact adhesion forces of investigated surfaces.
INCREASE OF WEAR RESISTANCE OF Сr18Ni10Ti STAINLESS STEEL BY METHOD OF ELECTRIC-SPARK ALLOYING WITH ELECTRODES OF REFRACTORY METALS AND GRAPHITE
Authors: Agafii V. , Mihailov V. , Kazak N. , Volodina G. , Cracan C.
Published: January 2018

The article presents the results of wear testing of stainless steel Cr18Ni10Тi treated with electrodes made of refractory metals and graphite by the method of electric-spark alloying. It was established that all electrospark coatings had a higher wear resistance than the Cr18Ni10Ti uncoated steel. Wear resistance of coatings was increased in the direction Mo + GraphiteTi + Ni W + Graphite Ti + Al + Graphite. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that molybdenum, tungsten, titanium carbides and other solid materials such as titanium nitride and nickel-titanium intermetallide are formed on the doped steel surfaces, which increased microhardness from 4.9 to 8 times and wear resistance from 1.63 to 29 times.
TRIBOTECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CARBON-BEARING LUBRICANTS
Authors: Voznyakovskii А. , Auchynnikau Y. , Liopo V. , Eisymont Y.
Published: January 2018

The development of technology for manufacturing nanostructured substances in amounts that could suffice an interlaboratory research is a high priority task for the implementation of nanoproducts. The ultra dispersiblis clusters of synthetic carbon are used as on extra component in polymeric materials. The substances have a high dispersibility and activity of the surface. To study properties of mineral oils, modified ultra dispersiblis clusters of synthetic carbon is of interest. The present activity is devoted to the research of the modifying influence of ultra dispersiblis clusters of synthetic carbon on viscosity of the characteristic of mineral oils and their stability at various temperatures. In the preparation of diamond secondary suspensions not only statistic average sizes of particles should be taken into consideration, but also polydispersity parameters of nanodiamond particle population too.
FRICTION AND WEAR OF BULK NANOCOMPOSITE MATERIALS AlMg2/GRAPHITE
Authors: Aborkin A. , Elkin A. , Sobolkov A.
Published: January 2018

Consolidation of nanocomposite AlMg2/graphite powders, produced by mechanical synthesis in a planetary ball mill, was carried out. Using the methods of Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis, the structural-phase composition of the obtained bulk materials was studied. It was found that the samples have nanocomposite structure consisting of nanocrystalline aluminum and nanosized graphite particles. An increase in the consolidation temperature up to 450 °C leads to the formation of a dispersed phase of aluminum carbide. The effect of graphite percentage and consolidation conditions on the microhardness was estimated. Mechanisms of bulk material hardening are determined. Tribological tests of the obtained nanocomposite materials under conditions of contact interaction with 4Kh5MFS steel at a load of 1–10 N were carried out. Data on the change in the friction coefficient and magnitude of mass wear depending on the consolidation conditions and the graphite content were obtained.
STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF H2O2 USED IN WHITENING TREATMENTS ON HUMAN ENAMEL WEAR RESISTANCE
Authors: Branco A. , Polido M. , Serro A.P. , Figueiredo-Pina C.G.
Published: January 2018

Tooth whitening treatments are based on the application of bleaching agents on the teeth surface, which can impair teeth health, due to its effect on enamel properties. The present work has the purpose of studying the effect of pH of H2O2 solutions on wear resistance of teeth. Friction coefficient, enamel microhardness, morphology and topography were also evaluated to better understand the induced changes. Three pH values (2, 4 and 6) of H2O2 solution were tested. First, human molars and premolars were disinfected, polished, cut in four equal pieces and darkened in a black tea solution. After, the teeth samples were bleached in 30% H2O2 solution with the different pH values. Vickers microhardness, surface roughness and wear measurements were performed before and after bleaching. The results showed that the enamel wear resistance depends on the solution pH: the lowest wear resistance was obtained for the sample bleached with H2O2 at pH 2.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF RUBBER PROPERTIES ON SLIDING FRICTION IN DRY CONTACT
Authors: Morozov A. V.
Published: January 2018

This study is devoted to experimental research of rubber friction in sliding contact with rough surface. Influence of pressure, bulk temperature and sliding velocity on friction coefficient in dry conditions is analysed for two rubber compounds with different viscoelastic properties. Grosch method of master curves construction is used for analysing of friction measurements. Such analysis is performed for different temperatures and velocities at constant normal load. The obtained friction master curves are combined into a single friction map. The friction maps demonstrate the influence of viscoelastic properties of rubber on friction coefficient in dry rough contact. Also friction maps show the influence of adhesion and hysteresis contributions into friction coefficient for different rubber compounds.
INFEKSI PENYAKIT IKAN BANGGAI CARDINAL (Pterapogon kauderni) DALAM RANTAI PERDAGANGAN
Authors: Adriany Devita Tetra , Koesharyani Isti
Published: January 2018

Banggai cardinal (Pterapogon kauderni) merupakan ikan hias endemik dari perairan Kepulauan Banggai, Sulawesi Tengah dan mulai dieksploitasi sejak tahun 1980. Ikan hias ini banyak diekspor ke berbagai negara. Namun, dengan banyaknya kasus infeksi penyakit seperti bakteri dan virus Banggai Cardinal Iridovirus (BCIV), sehingga permintaan ikan hias asal Indonesia ini menurun. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menelusuri dan menginventarisasi alur kejadian infeksi penyakit pada rantai perdagangan ikan hias Banggai Cardinal mulai dari hasil tangkapan nelayan, pengumpul, dan eksportir. Analisis dilakukan dengan mengambil sampel ikan masing-masing 15 ekor dari setiap rantai perdagangan. Pengamatan yang dilakukan meliputi pemeriksaan parasit, jamur, bakteri, dan analisis virus BCIV. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa sampel ikan dari semua rantai perdagangan nelayan penangkap, pengumpul, dan eksportir tidak ditemukan infeksi parasit dan jamur. Sementara, pada infeksi bakteri diperoleh tujuh jenis bakteri yang terdapat di semua rantai perdagangan dan Vibrio alginolyticus merupakan bakteri dominan yang diperoleh dan bersifat patogen. Infeksi virus BCIV terdapat di tingkat pengumpul di Luwuk dengan prevalensi 86,67% dan di tingkat eksportir di Bali dan Manado masing-masing dengan prevalensi 20% dan 50%. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut diharapkan pelaku usaha ikan hias dapat mencegah terjadinya infeksi penyakit tersebut agar dapat bersaing dalam pemasaran dengan menghasilkan produk ikan hias Indonesia yang mempunyai kualitas terbaik di dunia.Banggai cardinal fish is an ornamental fish endemic to the Banggai Islands, Central Sulawesi. It has been exploited since 1980’s. Banggai Cardinal fish has been export to various countries. However, with many cases of infectious diseases such as bacteria and virus Banggai Cardinal Iridovirus (BCIV), the demand for Banggai Cardinal from Indonesia is declining. The purpose of this study is to trace and inventorize the flow of disease infections in the trade chain of ornamental fish from fisherman, to collectors, and exporters. The analysis was done by taking samples of 15 fish from each trade chain. Observations included examination of parasites, fungi, bacteria, and BCIV analysis. The results showed that no parasite and fungus infecting the fish in all trades chains. Seven bacteria species have been indentified from the fish samples from all trades chains and Vibrio alginolyticus was the common pathogenic bacteria species infecting the fish. Infection of BCIV was found in one of collectors’ warehouse in Luwuk with the prevalence of 86.67% and at the exporters in Bali and Manado with the prevalence rate of 20% and 50% respectively. Based on the present results, we suggest that exporters must exercise a rigorous prevention program of the disease in order to be able to compete in the ornamental fish world market.
Myocardial T1 mapping and determination of partition coefficients at 3 tesla: comparison between gadobenate dimeglumine and gadofosveset trisodium
Authors: Nacif Marcelo Souto , Raman Fabio S. , Gai Neville , Jones Jacquin , van der Geest Rob J. , T. Sibley Christopher , Liu Songtao , Bluemke David A.
Published: January 2018

Abstract Objective: To compare an albumin-bound gadolinium chelate (gadofosveset trisodium) and an extracellular contrast agent (gadobenate dimeglumine), in terms of their effects on myocardial longitudinal (T1) relaxation time and partition coefficient. Materials and Methods: Study subjects underwent two imaging sessions for T1 mapping at 3 tesla with a modified look-locker inversion recovery (MOLLI) pulse sequence to obtain one pre-contrast T1 map and two post-contrast T1 maps (mean 15 and 21 min, respectively). The partition coefficient was calculated as ΔR1myocardium /ΔR1blood , where R1 is 1/T1. Results: A total of 252 myocardial and blood pool T1 values were obtained in 21 healthy subjects. After gadolinium administration, the myocardial T1 was longer for gadofosveset than for gadobenate, the mean difference between the two contrast agents being −7.6 ± 60 ms (p = 0.41). The inverse was true for the blood pool T1, which was longer for gadobenate than for gadofosveset, the mean difference being 56.5 ± 67 ms (p < 0.001). The partition coefficient (λ) was higher for gadobenate than gadofosveset (0.41 vs. 0.33), indicating slower blood pool washout for gadofosveset than for gadobenate. Conclusion: Myocardial T1 times did not differ significantly between gadobenate and gadofosveset. At typical clinical doses of the contrast agents, partition coefficients were significantly lower for the intravascular contrast agent than for the extravascular agent.
In vitro sensitivity of Corynespora cassiicola isolated from soybean to fungicides and field chemical control of target spot
Authors: Teramoto Adriana , Meyer Maurício Conrado , Suassuna Nelson Dias , Cunha Marcos Gomes da
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT Soybean target spot (Corynespora cassiicola) has become an important disease in most soybean growing regions in Brazil. The sensitivity of 34 isolates of C. cassiicola to 11 fungicides was evaluated based on mycelial growth inhibition (boscalid, carbendazim, cyproconazole, fluopyram, fluxapyroxad, prothioconazole and thiophanate-methyl) or spore germination inhibition (azoxystrobin, picoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin and trifloxystrobin). In addition, the efficacy of five fungicides to control target spot was tested in four field trials carried out during three crop seasons: 2011/2012, 2012/2013 and 2013/2014. Fungal isolates were collected from soybean plants in several soybean growing areas in Brazil. The effective concentration of each fungicide to inhibit fungal growth or spore germination by 50% (EC50) was calculated for all isolates. Fluxapyroxad and prothioconazole provided the greatest mycelial growth inhibition and pyraclostrobin led to the lowest spore germination percentage, with the lowest EC50 values. At field experiments, cyproconazole and carbendazim showed target spot control ranging from 26% to 29%. On the other hand, fluxapyroxad and prothioconazole prevented an epidemic of the disease by 45% to 55%, respectively. In general, the efficacy of fungicides in the field reflected the in vitro sensitivity averages. Large sensitivity reduction was detected to benzimidazoles (MBC), indicating that this group of fungicides should no longer be used for target spot control. There was a negative and significant correlation (-0.265) between target spot severity and soybean yield. The pathogen showed variability in sensitivity to the fungicide groups carboxamides (SDHI), triazoles (DMI) and strobilurins (QoI), which denotes a high risk of selection for resistance.
MÉTODO DELPHI COMO REFERENCIAL METODOLÓGICO PARA A PESQUISA EM ENFERMAGEM
Authors: Massaroli Aline , Martini Jussara Gue , Lino Monica Motta , Spenassato Débora , Massaroli Rodrigo
Published: January 2018

RESUMO Objetivo: descrever o processo de coleta e análise dos dados a partir do uso do método Delphi e da articulação de procedimentos qualitativos e quantitativos para a construção de uma proposta de inovação curricular na área de controle de infecções para os cursos de graduação em enfermagem. Método: foi utilizado o método Delphi com 39 participantes, sendo 31 enfermeiros e oito médicos, com expertise na área de controle de infecções. A coleta de dados transcorreu em um período de sete meses, com a realização de quatro rodadas. Para a análise de dados qualitativos foi empregada à análise de conteúdo e para os quantitativos à análise descritiva. Resultados: foram realizadas quatro rodadas interativas e sequenciais, a primeira rodada foi composta por um instrumento com perguntas abertas, a partir destas respostas (39 respondentes) foi elaborado o instrumento da segunda rodada que foi constituído de itens para avaliação dos participantes. Após a segunda rodada (35 respondentes), os itens que não obtiveram consenso foram reapresentados aos participantes no instrumento da terceira rodada (30 respondentes), contendo a problematização do item para que fosse reavaliado com a justificativa do participante. Na quarta rodada foi realizada a devolutiva dos dados à todos os participantes. O desenvolvimento de rodadas, promovendo feedbacks controlados para que os participantes possam rever suas opiniões, é uma característica marcante desse método. Conclusão: o método Delphi comprovou seu potencial como possibilidade de articulação das abordagens qualitativas e quantitativas, somando essas características para tratar de um problema complexo de pesquisa na área da enfermagem e saúde.
CÍRCULO HERMENÊUTICO HEIDEGGERIANO: UMA POSSIBILIDADE DE INTERPRETAÇÃO DO CUIDADO DE ENFERMAGEM
Authors: Sebold Luciara Fabiane , Locks Melissa Orlandi Honório , Hammerschmidt Karina Silveira de Almeida , Fernandez Darla Lusia Ropelato , Tristão Francisco Reis , Girondi Juliana Balbinot Reis
Published: January 2018

RESUMO Objetivo: refletir sobre a possibilidade de interpretação do cuidado nas pesquisas em enfermagem a partir do círculo hermenêutico heideggeriano. Método: trata-se de uma reflexão com base no círculo hermenêutico heideggeriano, de modo a contribuir com o entendimento do método, salientando-se os aspectos históricos e as concepções conceituais, estruturais e operativas para a enfermagem. Resultados: o estudo evidenciou que as etapas do círculo hermenêutico e sua aplicabilidade nas investigações em enfermagem permitem elucidar a relação entre elas, interpretação do cuidado nas mais diversas situações vivenciais. Conclusão: a interpretação do cuidado por meio do círculo hermenêutico destaca a pesquisa em enfermagem no sentido da possibilidade da compressão e interpretação do cuidado nas mais diversas dimensões da existência do ser.
Nursing Care Interpersonal Relationship Questionnaire: elaboration and validation
Authors: Borges José Wicto Pereira , Moreira Thereza Maria Magalhães , Andrade Dalton Franscisco de
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT Objective: to elaborate an instrument for the measurement of the interpersonal relationship in nursing care through the Item Response Theory, and the validation thereof. Method: methodological study, which followed the three poles of psychometry: theoretical, empirical and analytical. The Nursing Care Interpersonal Relationship Questionnaire was developed in light of the Imogene King’s Interpersonal Conceptual Model and the psychometric properties were studied through the Item Response Theory in a sample of 950 patients attended in Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Health Care. Results: the final instrument consisted of 31 items, with Cronbach’s alpha of 0.90 and McDonald’s Omega of 0.92. The parameters of the Item Response Theory demonstrated high discrimination in 28 items, being developed a five-level interpretive scale. At the first level, the communication process begins, gaining a wealth of interaction. Subsequent levels demonstrate qualitatively the points of effectiveness of the interpersonal relationship with the involvement of behaviors related to the concepts of transaction and interaction, followed by the concept of role. Conclusion: the instrument was created and proved to be consistent to measure interpersonal relationship in nursing care, as it presented adequate reliability and validity parameters.