bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The appearance of the otter brain
Authors: Hadžiselimović H. , Dilberović F.
Published: February 2009

On ten otter brains the appearance of the exterior and interior brain structures was studied. Viewed from above there are two forms of brain, a triangular and a longitudinal one. In the triangular form the gyri are sufficiently developed with a considerable number of transient gyri and in the !ongitudinal form the gyri are wider and separated by considerably deep sulci. The olfactory bulbs, the olfactory tract, the gyrus olfactorius medialis and the gyrus olfactorius lateralis are less pronounced in the triangular form than in the longitudinal one. In the triangular form of the brain all gyri, except for the gyrus sylvius, are vertically positioned. The brain stem is wider in the triangular form and narrower in the longitudinal one. On the medial aspect of the brain, the cingulate gyrus, on which transient gyri are apparent, is well marked. The cingulate gyrus is slightly wider than in the longitudinal form. Below the splenium corporis callosi there is the tuberculum gyri dentati to be found by a shallow sulcus which is separated from the gyrus corporis callosi. By scaling the brain matter from outside, the pes hippocampi is exhibited. In the longitudinal form it is more sloping and separated from the base of the brain by a thin layer of brain substance. In the triangular form of the brain the cerebellum is covered by the posterior portions of the hemisphere and in the longitudinal form projects rather backward. On the frontal sections of the cerebrum the subcortical grey masses are sufficiently developed.
Anatomical and functional account on the lateral nasal cartilages
Authors: De Lara Galindo Salvador , Cuspinera De G. Elena , Ramirez Luis Cardenas
Published: February 2009

Due to the fact that the literature in the last 20 years shows contradictory points of view regarding the morphology and relations among the nasal cartilages in man, gross, semi-macroscopic and light-microscopic surveys were carried out in 20 adult and fetal human noses. It was concluded that the septodorsal cartilage is made up of only one block. The attachment of the septodorsal cartilage to the nasal bones takes place from 2 to 5 mm in the inner aspect of the latter. The distal and fibrous portions of the lateral cartilage and the greater alar cartilages act as valves.
Die Feinstruktur der barorezeptorischen Nervenendigungen in der Wand des Sinus caroticus der Katze
Authors: Knoche H. , Walther Knoche G. , Addicks K.
Published: February 2009

The baroreceptor endings of the sinus nerve extend into the region of the external media, to the media-adventitia border, and into the adventitia of the wall of the carotid sinus. The size of the receptors, tightly filled with mitochondria, varies between 600 and 5,700 nm in diameter. The endings are accompanied by densely structured Schwann’s cells, come into contact with the muscular-elastic system or are surrounded by the collagenous material of the vessel wall. This functional junction makes the reception of the tension in the vessel wall possible. Glycogen granules could be demonstrated in some axon endings. In kittens and older cats, numerous receptors were regularly found with various degrees of structural change: homogeneous and lamellar transformation of mitochondria, lamellar aggregates, lysis of axoplasm matrix, irregularities of tubules and vesicles. These modifications may be evaluated as the morphological expression of degeneration and regeneration processes. Physiological detrition is considered to be the cause for this.
Morphogenesis of the secondary palate in the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus)
Authors: Holmstedt J.O.V. , Bagwell J.N.
Published: February 2009

This report describes the prenatal development and closure of the secondary palate in the Mongolian gerbil. Palatal shelves can be regularly observed on day 16, at which time they are directed vertically. On day 17, the shelves show an overall increase in size and length but remain vertically directed. During day 18, palatal shelves are usually in a state of transition from the vertical to the horizontal position. The process of palatal closure (fusion) occurs on the 19th day and is complete by day 20. The process of palatal formation and closure in the gerbil more closely resembles that of the rat and rabbit than that of the mouse.
Appearance of the wild boar brain
Authors: Hadžiselimović H. , Dilberović F.
Published: February 2009

On eight brains of wild boars, the appearance of the exterior and interior brain structures was studied. The brain was preserved in the skull by formalin solution injection into the carotid artery. After having been set up for 4 months in a 5% formalin solution, the brain was removed in conjunction with the coverings. Subsequently, the brain was preserved in 5% formalin for 2 months. By careful dissection and elaboration of special preparations, the appearance of the grey and white substance of the brain, of the basal ganglia and of certain portions of the limbic system was studied. On the frontal and horizontal sections of the brain the appearance of the brain matter, of the basal ganglia and of the brain ventricles was studied. The exterior and interior morphology of the cerebellum was investigated on special preparations.
Migration of connective thecal cells after ovulation
Authors: Núñez-Durán Harol
Published: February 2009

This paper describes the fine structure of the rabbit connective thecal cells in the developing corpus luteum 20 h after mating. These cells are characterized by an irregularly shaped soma containing the nucleus and the bulk of organelles and many thin and long prolongations. The observations reported here suggest that the migratory movements of the front thecal cells could be mediated by an anchoring contraction machinery of the cell prolongations.
The contractile nature of the tubular-like cells of the parietal layer of the Bowman’s capsule in male mice
Authors: Melís Marco , Carpino Francesco , Familiari Giuseppe , Cavallotti Carlo
Published: February 2009

The tubule-like cells (TLC) of the parietal layer of the Bowman’s capsule of the renal corpuscle in normal male mice are provided with bundles of thin microfilaments (50–70 Å). Moreover, the ultrastructural observations demonstrated that similar thin filaments (50–70 Å) are located in the flattened cells of the parietal layer of the Bowman’s capsule and in the tubular cells. All the above cells bind antimyosin-like antibodies. Considering the correspondence between the immunochemical and ultrastructural findings, it is suggested that the microfilaments located in TLC contain a ‘myosin-like’ protein.
Growth and skeletal development of the rat during prolonged undernutrition and subsequent rehabilitation
Authors: McAnulty P.A.
Published: February 2009

Male rats of 150 g body weight were given restricted amounts of their normal diet up to the age of 85 weeks, such that they showed no significant change in body weight. They were then rehabilitated by allowing them unlimited access to the normal diet. During rehabilitation, the experimental rats reached a maximum body weight that was only 70% of that normally attained. Body length, however, exhibited better recovery, the experimental animals achieving 96% of the normal body length. The skeleton continued to grow during the first 7 weeks of undernutrition, but thereafter only the caudal half of the pelvic girdle continued to grow. On rehabilitation all skeletal dimensions increased, and all eventually reached the normal range of mature skeletal dimensions. Although the pelvic girdle returned to a normal size, it still manifested some alterations in shape.
Analyse expérimentale de la régulation cardiaque sur l’embryon de poulet
Authors: Collado Jimenez , Orts Puchades
Published: February 2009

Homochronous homografts of prospective cardiac area labeled with 3H thymidine have been carried out in chicken embryos at stages 5 and 6 of Hamburger and Hamilton. It has been observed how a heart tube or a vesicle, sometimes contractile, is developed by the graft. This vesicle, which is partly joined or not joined, to the receptor’s heart, is always in close dependence on the pharynx normogenesis.
Effect of 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine on the structure of nerve fibres in the chronically isolated cat ileum
Authors: Fehér Erzsébet
Published: February 2009

The structure of the nerve fibres in the chronically isolated cat ileum was studied by fluorescence and electron microscopy after 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine (5,6-DHT) treatment. Residual fluorescence rapidly disappears after administration of 5,6-DHT. Under the electron microscope, degeneration of most of the nerve processes containing a special population of 120-to 140-nm diameter granular vesicles could be observed. Also the degeneration of presynaptic terminals in the local ganglia was observed frequently. Some degenerating nerve fibres were found in the inner muscular layer, in the connective tissue surrounding Lieberkühn’s glands, and in the stroma of the villi. The axons (and/or other nerve processes) undergoing degeneration are assumed to belong to the serotoninergic neurons of the local ganglia. A substantial number of nerve cell processes remaining intact after 5,6-DHT treatment contain different population of vesicles: either 30- to 60-nm agranular and 100- to 120-nm granular vesicles or 30- to 60-nm agranular and 160- to 200-nm diameter neurosecretory type vesicles.
Phase microscope study of the giant cells from the normal testes of the Indian hedgehog, Paraechinus micropus
Authors: Bidwai Pushpamala P. , Bawa S.R.
Published: February 2009

The phase-optic study of the germinal cells from the testes of the hedgehog, a seasonally breeding mammal, reveals the multinucleate giant cells in the natural state in late August, at the beginning of winter regression without subjecting these animals to any type of experimental stress. The participation of primary spermatocytes and spermatogonia, in addition to spermatids, in the formation of these giant cells has been observed. The nuclei at similar stage of spermatogenesis are identifiable in a single giant cell. The possible mechanism of their formation is discussed.
Development of the rabbit appendix
Authors: Barg Michele , Draper Laurence R.
Published: February 2009

The progressive lymphoepithelial development of the rabbit appendix was examined by light and electron microscopy. At 5 days postnatally, the appendix wall primitively resembles the mature organ but lacks both the discrete lymphoid organization and most cell types. The dome appears to be the first recipient of lymphoid cells. By 18 days the lymphoid nodule has become compartmentalized and lymphoid. The epithelium, although not fully developed, is in contact with the lymphocytes of the dome. The 5-week-old appendix has all the lymphoepithelial components of the adult but lacks the size of the mature organ. At all ages reported, plasma cells and dendritic cells are absent. Bacteria, thought to be essential to appendiceal lymphoid development, are not apparent at 5 or 18 days. The features common to central or peripheral lymphoid tissues are discussed.
Morphological and cytochemical studies on the shrew prostate gland
Authors: Kanwar Usha , Sheikher Chander
Published: February 2009

Columnar epithelium in Suncus murinus is secretory and the secretory product is rich in proteins and polysaccharides; it is devoid of lipids. The secretion is discharged into the lumen by a process of blebbing from the acinar tips of the columnar cells. The basal cells only replace the worn-out columnar cells.
Electron-dense microvilli in the vomeronasal organ of the tree shrew
Authors: Loo S.K.
Published: February 2009

In view of these anatomical findings, it is suggested that the electron-dense microvilli may be undergoing degeneration.
Development of trophoblast and placenta of the mouse
Authors: Müntener Markus , Hsu Yu-Chih
Published: February 2009

At 5 days post conceptionem (p.c.) shortly after implantation, giant cell transformation starts at the abembryonic pole of the blastocyst, spreading over the mural trophoblast; 1 day later, the first ectoplacental giant cells appear at the base of the fast growing ectoplacental cone (derived from the polar trophoblast). Giant cell transformation expands over its periphery. Thus, by the 8th day p.c, the conceptus is separated from the maternal tissue by a continuous layer of giant cells, variable in thickness. Giant cells reach their greatest size by 10 days p.c. in the mural trophoblast and by 12 days p.c. in the chorioallantoic placenta. They are probably no longer formed after that stage. Around the 8th day p.c, the allantois reaches contact with the ectoplacental cone, which develops into the chorioallantoic (definitive) placenta. At 9 days p.c, its four zones can already be discriminated: chorionic plate, labyrinth, junctional zone (trophospongium), and zone of giant cells, respectively. Within the next day, the chorioallantoic placental circulation is established. The yolk sac placental circulation is established by the 9th day p.c The villi of the proximal layer of the yolk sac increase in size and number, and their capillary network becomes more dense until the 12th to 14th day p.c This provides evidence that the yolk sac placenta exerts its function – to a certain extent – beyond the establishment of the definitive placenta. Around the 14th day p.c, the placentallabyrinth reaches its definitive features. Fetal capillaries in the labyrinth, branching from umbilical blood vessels within the septa of connective tissue are surrounded by trophoblast cells. They form a dense vascular network bathing in maternal blood. The structures of the placental zones remain almost the same during further development, the borders becoming sometimes little blurred. Adjacent to the chorionic plate, subchorionic clefts appear at the 14th day p.c These clefts become confluent to form the intraplacental space, regularly communicating with the yolk sac cavity. At the end of gestation (19th day p.c.) there is a considerable amount of eosinophilic material (‘fibrinoid’) between the zone of giant cells and the decidua, probably produced by the giant cells.
Etude microangiographique des vaisseaux artério-luminaux
Authors: Pina Esperança , Trindade Monteiro
Published: February 2009

Using Micropaque (crystallized barium sulphate) in a gelatinous medium of a certain viscosity, with a fluorescent pigment in the solution, we obtained a mixture with a fluidity adequate to a vascular injection; this injection is performed with a constant pressure, the values of which are kept between limits near the values of the physiological arterial pressure. We found several types of arterio-luminal vessels with different calibres: some of them with a calibre of 200 µm, some others of the intermediate type with a calibre between 100 and 200 µm, and others, which we call arterio-Thebesian vessels, originating in arteriolar branches opening in the Thebesian veins. At last, we have the arterio-sinusoido-cavitary vessels opening in the ventricular cavities by several orifices.
Perfusion fixation of kidneys in adult pigs for electron microscopy
Authors: Elling F. , Hasselager E. , Friis C.
Published: February 2009

In five female pigs, weighing approximately 100 kg, laparotomy was made under surgical anesthesia. One kidney was removed for immersion fixation and enzyme histochemistry, while the other kidney was fixed by vascular perfusion without prior interruption of the blood flow. A step-by-step description is given of the perfusion procedure, which requires three assistants. Prior to perfusion, heparin was given in order to prevent intravascular coagulation. 1% glutaraldehyde in Tyrode’s solution was used as perfusion fluid. Polyvinylpyrrolidone 2.5% was added in order to adjust the colloid osmotic pressure of the perfusion fluid to that of the blood. Perfusion was maintained for 5 min. The tubules appeared with open lumina, and the proximal tubular cells had evenly arranged brush borders and both lateral and intercellular spaces were narrow and of constant width.
Effect of the length of the distal stump of transected nerve upon the rate of degeneration of taste buds
Authors: State Fathy A. , Dessouky Husseiny I.
Published: February 2009

The present work was carried out to study the effect of the length of the distal stump of transected nerve upon the rate of degeneration and the time course of disappearance of mammalian taste buds. Twelve adult rabbits were anaesthetized and the glossopharyngeal nerves of both sides were exposed and transected so as to leave a long distal stump on the right and a short one on the left side. The animals were sacrificed at different post-operative periods ranging from 2 to 14 days and the circumvallate and foliate papillae of both sides were examined. The taste buds on the side of the short distal stump always showed a greater decrease in number, size and cell contents than those of the side of the long distal stump. The taste buds on the side of the short distal stump disappeared earlier than those of the side of the long distal stump. Vallate taste buds disappeared earlier than the foliate: possible reasons for this were put forwards. The validity of the neurohumoral theory to the mammalian taste buds was discussed.
Histochemical studies on the submandibular ganglia of marmosets (Callithrix jacchus and Callithrix penicillata)
Authors: Miraglia Tulio , Moura Cleide Santana , Hufnagel Barbosa João Alberto
Published: February 2009

The histochemistry of the neural cells was studied in the submandibular ganglia of 5 Callithrix jacchus (3 males and 2 females) and 4 Callithrix penicillata (2 males and 2 females). These cells contain neutral mucopolysaccharides, nucleoproteins and lipidic material, but are apparently devoid of glycogen. It was impossible to demonstrate in them any reactivity for UDPG-GT, phosphorylases, ATPase at pH 6.3, leucine aminopeptidase and alanyl amino-peptidase. The reaction for the other searched enzymes was as follows: weak (F-16-P Aid and cytochrome oxidase), weak to moderate (ADH, 6-P-GDH, ICDH, SDH, MDH, α-GPDH and β-OHBDH), moderate (G-6-PDH, F-1.6-PA, LDH and GDH), moderate to strong (ATPase at pH 7.4, nonspecific esterase and acid phosphatase) and strong (G-6-PA, NADH2-TR, NADPH2-TR, ATPases at pH 8.5 and 9.4 and alkaline phosphatase).
A comparative study of the urinary bladder and the intramural portion of the ureter
Authors: Shehata Ramzy
Published: February 2009

The bladders belonging to eleven mammalian species were investigated, and as a result the following observations were made: (1) a submucous ureter was found in the case of most of the species examined; (2) histological investigation revealed three types of intramural ureters, and (3) downward extension of ureteric musculature, separate from bladder musculature, to the seminal colliculus in the male, or to the lower end of the urethra in the female, was found. A suggestion is presented to explain the manner by which the ureteric openings change their relations to those of the mesonephric ducts during development. It seems that ‘after absorption of the common segment of the Wolfuan duct, breaking down of the ventral wall of ureter’ is the most likely process.
Qantitative changes in the cellular population of the growth plate of triamcinolone-treated mice
Authors: Silbermann Michael , Kadar Tamar
Published: February 2009

Triamcinolone-induced changes in the number of cartilage cells within the proximal growth plate of the humerus were determined in ICR male mice. It was found that pharmacological doses of corticosteroid hormone possess a direct inhibitory effect upon the proliferative activity of young cartilage cells and thereby adversely affect the growth potential of this growth center. Concomitantly, the activity of chondroclasts also appears to be depressed, thus resulting in a decreased rate of cartilage reorption followed by a slight increase in the number of hypertrophic chondrocytes. It therefore appears that systemic treatment with corticosteroid hormones inhibits the renewal of cartilage cells in the epiphyseal plate, leading to an accelerated ‘aging’ of this growth center with subsequent impairment of long bone growth.
Venous angioarchitecture of the tunica muscularis in the esophagogastric transition segment in man
Authors: Fujimur Ikurou , Ferraz de Carvalho Claudio A.
Published: February 2009

With the pupose of studying the venous angioarchitecture of the esophagogastric transition segment (EGTS), 30 specimens were obtained from bodies a few hours after death. These specimens were injected with a 25% aqueous solution of india ink (drop-by-drop continuous infusion) through the left gastric vein and the splenic vein. The specimens thus prepared underwent three types of methods: (1) clarification by the Spalteholz method for a panoramic stereoscopic observation of the venous angioarchitecture; (2) thick sections in a series from 100 to 150 µm, stained by the Azan method, and (3) in 10-µm serial sections stained by the method of Masson, the perimeter of the veins having been measured in order to ascertain the venous density. The result of this investigation allows the conclusion that there are three venous nets in the muscular layer of the EGTS (perimuscular, intermuscular and submuscular). These three nets, especially the intermuscular and the perimuscular, converge at the extremities of the EGTS, most markedly in the cranial part, to large confluent trunks, going out of the organ from there through perforating trunks principally to the affluents of the portal vein. It thus constitutes a more or less independent segment under the venous point of view, depending essentially on the system of that vein. A marked predominance of perforating vasa of the false type in zone 3, especially at its intermediate part exactly at the stretch where most part of the veins of the mucous-submucous system lie at a deeper site, together with other peculiarities of venous distribution of this region, allows the morphofunctional deduction that, at this point, the muscular layer must be a barrier between the deep and the peripheral venous circulation of the esophagus.
Cardiac jelly arrangement during the formation of the tubular heart of the chick embryo
Authors: Hurle J.M. , Ojeda J.L.
Published: February 2009

The hearts of chick embryos from stages 9 to 11 according to Hamburger and Hamilton are studied by means of the electron microscopy, and the arrangement of the cardiac jelly (CJ) during the different steps of the fusion of the paired heart anlage is described. It is shown that two different areas can be distinguished in CJ: the CJ located between the endocardium and the myocardium (MECJ) and the CJ located between the endocardium and the ventral foregut endoderm (EECJ). MECJ is a zone poor in ultrastructural components most of which are unhanded filamentous material and low-density amorphous material, and its arrangement remains constant during the whole fusion process; EECJ, on the contrary, is very rich in ultrastructural components containing greater amounts of high-density amorphous material, collagen fibrils and cellular detritus, and the arrangement of this area of the CJ undergoes changes during the different fusion steps. Alcian blue staining does not show differences between both areas of CJ. It is suggested that the CJ can play a role during the fusion of the heart. In addition, some observations are reported which suggest that all the epithelial tissues surrounding the CJ can take part in the elaboration of that extracellular material.
Ultrastructure of the human pyloric glands with emphasis on the mucous cell component
Authors: Krause William J. , Ivey Kevin J. , Baskin William N. , MacKercher Peter
Published: February 2009

The human pyloric glands are simple or branched tubular glands which spiral through the connective tissue of the lamina propria. They are comprised of three cell types: the pyloric gland (mucous) cell, the parietal cell, and endocrine cells. The mucous cell is the most common cell type in the human pyloric glands and is characterized by an abundance of secretory granules. The secretory granules are usually round in shape and vary considerably in diameter. They are membrane-bound and comprise a heterogeneous population. The larger granules contain a light staining amorphous material and often possess an area of increased electron density near the limiting membrane of the granule giving them a mottled appearance. A smaller, more electron-dense secretory granule also is found both in relation to the Golgi complex and cell apex.The morphological observations indicate that the mechanism of mucin production by the mucous cells of the human pyloric glands may be similar to that reported in other mucin-secreting cells.
The nature of dendritic cells of the epidermis of the white guinea pig
Authors: Shukla R.C.
Published: February 2009

The melanocytes, the intermediate cells of Billingham and Medawar and the Langerhans’ cells of the epidermis of the white guinea pig were found to be positive to Biel-schowsky’s silver and Gomori’s acetylcholinesterase reactions. The melanocytes were full of Nissl substance. On these evidences, supported by other morphological and histochemical characteristics, the dendritic cells of the epidermis were considered to be nervous structures.
Cerebral and retinal fat emboli in normal animals fixed by perfusion
Authors: Cammermeyer Jan
Published: February 2009

The brains and retinas of laboratory animals fixed by perfusion occasionally contain isolated round fat emboli, which increase in number if the two organs are covered with oil during the autopsy. These emboli, in contrast to emboli induced by intravenous injection of oil, are present in smaller numbers, occur without adjacent aggregation of erythrocytes and do not cause widening of the occluded vascular channel. The fat emboli in the normal brain are attributed to connective tissue fat aggregating on the exposed cerebral surface and flowing through openings cut in the leptomeninges and the vascular walls during removal of the brain. Their formation could not be entirely prevented by covering the brain with running water or by submerging the forepart of the animal’s body in water during the autopsy. Nevertheless, such a procedure is recommended to avoid introduction of extraneous fat when in a given experiment the question of fat embolism arises. Fat emboli demonstrable in the flattened retina of the cat and the mulatta monkey are ascribed to aspiration of retrobulbar connective tissue fat; they can be prevented by placing a ligature around the optic nerve prior to removal of the eye.
Histochemical and ultrastructural study of the parafollicular (C) cells in the thyroid of the Gerbil, Meriones unguiculatus
Authors: Kapur Shakti P.
Published: February 2009

A histochemical and electron-microscopic study has been done on the parafollicular (C) cells of the thyroid in the gerbil. Histochemical tests revealed the characteristic presence of α-glycerophosphoric dehydrogenase and the presence of phenolic groups and indoleamines. Acid phosphatase levels were similar to those observed in the apical cytoplasm of the follicular cells. Electron microscopy revealed characteristic presence of noncisternal rough endoplasmic reticulum, well-developed Golgi apparatus, numerous prosecretory granules and a few electron-dense mature secretory granules. Most characteristic of these cells was the presence of numerous large, electron-lucent vesicles which often were packed in the cytoplasmic processes that were located subjacent to the follicular cells and close to the blood capillaries. Significance of these histochemical and ultrastructural findings is emphasized particularly in regard to the presence of monoamines and their possible role in the release of calcitonin and thyroxin.
Effects of X-rays on the spermaries and ovaries of Xenopus tadpoles
Authors: Ahmad Mahmood , Billett Frank S.
Published: February 2009

The results show that irradiation affects both the size of the gonads and the number of germ cells they contain. At stage 64, gonads from irradiated animals were smaller than those from unirradiated ones. The reduced length and thickness of gonads of the test animals were probably due to cell killing. The variation in size of gonads of different test animals and the difference between the left and right ovary of a single individual are indicative of the degree of radiation sensitivity.
Endocardial surface structures of the feline heart observed with a scanning electron microscope
Authors: Song S.H.
Published: February 2009

Internal surface structures of the auricular and ventricular chambers were studied with scanning electron microscopy. We observed vascular connections between the ventricular chamber and the coronary vessels, including cords and papillary muscles covering the lining of the endocardium. The endothelial cells covering the inner surface of the endocardium appeared to be functionally active with many microvilli similar to pinocytic microprojections of other endothelial cells. The pinocytic microprojections ranged between approximately 100 and 300 Å in diameter. The epicardium contained mainly bundles of collagenous fibers.
Differences in the osteoinductive potential of transplanted isogeneic dental structures of the rat
Authors: Luostarinen V. , Rönning O.
Published: February 2009

Pulp tissue, enamel and incisal and basal dentine of the mandibular incisor were taken from one litter of rats and transplanted subcutaneously or intracerebrally to sex-matched, 5-day-old animals of the subsequent litter of the same parents. As sham-operations the mere transplantation instrument was inserted into the transplantation sites. With some exceptions, the host animals were killed 4, 32, 128–138 and 210 days after the operation and the transplantation sites were examined either grossly or microscopically or both. The pulp tissue transplantation had resulted in formation of osseous tissue observed 128 days post-operatively. Bone was found in association with many of the basal dentine transplants 128–210 days after their insertion whereas no such tissue was observed with the transplanted enamel of incisal dentine. The sham-operation seemed to have elicited intracerebral bone formation in two animals. The osteoinductive activity of the transplanted tissues seemed reduced by their mineral phase. Further, in contrast to deminerahzed hard tissues, the non-demineralized inductive agents do not seem to possess bone morphogenetic properties.
Rate of growth of lower incisor teeth in the adult white rat
Authors: Fatani J.A. , Raja Z.A.
Published: February 2009

A single dose of 14C was given to adult rats and the animals were sacrified 4 days later. The thickness ef dentine formed during this period was measured in radioautographs of incisor teeth. It appeared that the thickness of dentine laid down per day was 15 µm. This rate was about one seventh of the rate of growth in immature incisors. No new dentine formation was observed in molar teeth.
Regeneration of the tail of X-irradiated Xenopus tadpoles
Authors: Ahmad Mahmood , Billett Frank S.
Published: February 2009

The effects of X-rays on the regeneration of the tail of Xenopus laevis tadpoles have been studied. Larvae of stage 52 were exposed in groups to irradiation either of the head or the body region with doses of 3,000 and 4,000 r. In both cases, the animals have regenerated the lost parts of their tails.
Further studies on the morphology of the owl’s retina
Authors: Yew Davi T. , Woo H.H. , Meyer D.B.
Published: February 2009

The retina of the owl was studied by the wet-mount method and the PAS technique. The presence of hyperboloids and paraboloids and three types of oil droplets was indicated.
Aging in the human brain stem
Authors: Vijayashankar N. , Brody Harold
Published: February 2009

As a part of a continuing study of the relationship between age and neuronal population within the human brain stem, the nucleus of the trochlear nerve was examined in a total of 20 brains from newborn to 87 years of age. The cell count in the newborn was 1,830, and in the 87-year-old 2,010, while the mean number for all the specimens examined was 2,115. It is apparent that there is no cell loss in this nucleus in the normal aging process, which is in accord with the findings in five other brain stem nuclei examined by various investigators. This is in contrast to the findings in cerebral and cerebellar cortex which show significant cell loss with advancing age. Based on this and previous studies of the brain stem nuclei, it appears that neuronal loss is not a concomitant of the normal aging process in the brain stem. The anatomical basis of this selectivity in neuronal loss with aging in certain parts of the brain is not known at present.
A scanning electron-microscopic observation on the rat embryo with the frozen resin-cracking method
Authors: Mamanishi Shozo
Published: February 2009

The early embryos at the embryonal cylinder stage in rats were studied by scanning electron microscopy, employing the frozen resin-cracking method. An embryo at 15:00 o’clock on day 7 of pregnancy (L6-15) was exposed in the frozen resin-cracked surface. It was located at the antimesometrial side of the uterus and constructed of the embryonic node and trophoblasts, enclosing the blastocele. The embryonic node consisted of the primary ectodermal cell mass and the primary entodermal cells, surrounding the former. The ectodermal cells, forming a solid mass, are polygonal in shape and contain each a comparatively very large nucleus having a significant nucleolus. The entodermal cells are simple columnar or cuboidal in shape, contain numerous vacuoles of various sizes, in which threadlike structures forming a network are seen, and surround closely the ectodermal cell mass; they continue at the ectoplacental cone to the distal entodermal cells, which are very flattened, simple squamous in shape and line the inner surface of Reichert’s membrane. In this specimen, the endometrial luminal epithelium has disappeared completely; the narrow blastocele is observed, but the primary amniotic cavity is not.
Is there a caudal thyroid artery in the dog (Canis familiaris)
Authors: Booth K.K. , Ghoshal N.G.
Published: February 2009

Attempts have been made to establish extent of similarities as well as dissimilarities between the canine caudal thyroid and human inferior thyroid artery. On the basis of origin, course, relationship, branching pattern, major area of supply, level of anastomosis, occurrence, etc., it is proposed to rename the caudal thyroid of the dog as the tracheoesophageal artery.
Histochemical study on the Neuroinsular complex in Suncus murinus
Authors: Purwar R.
Published: February 2009

Ganglia, rich in cholinesterase substance, were recorded at a little distance to the islets of Langerhans, connected with the fibres of the peri-insular plexus which were referred as neuro-insular complex. The peri-insular complex was made up of a large number of non-myelinated and partially by myelinated nerve fibres, and it was found in association with the post-ganglionic nerve fibres.
Myosin-like microfilaments in the human normal and pathological testis
Authors: Cavallotti Carlo , Carpino Francesco , Familiari Giuseppe , Re Massimo , Vicari Antonio
Published: February 2009

The immunofluorescent staining of the human normal testis shows that both peritubular and tubular cells bind antimyosin-like antibodies. The same cells are provided with a large amount of microfilaments within the cytoplasm. The thin microfilaments observed by electron microscopy in various cells of the human testis likely correspond to the sites of immunofluorescent staining. In pathological specimens there can be observed a decrease in peritubular smooth muscle cells associated with a decrease in cytoplasmic microfilaments and in the immunofluorescent staining of some cells.
Eine einfache Methode zum Aufkleben von grossflächigen Lungenschnitten auf Papier
Authors: Jabonero V. , Jabonero N.
Published: February 2009

Lung macrosections were mounted on photographic paper, with or without previous physiological expansion.
Studies on human coronary arteries
Authors: Velican C. , Velican Doina
Published: February 2009

The chronology of branch pad development in fetal coronary arteries, their topographic and structural particularities as well as some observations on their evolution in succeeding age-groups are presented. A peculiar emphasis is given to the microarchitecture and functional significance of longitudinal muscle columns as a prevalent structural component of branch pads.
Lymph macrophages enter the germinal center of lymph nodes of guinea pigs
Authors: Kotani M. , Okada K. , Fujii H. , Tsuchiya H. , Matsuno K. , Ekino S. , Fukuda S.
Published: February 2009

To determine the fate of macrophages within the afferent lymph stream, the popliteal lymph nodes at various times (3 h to 6 months) after subcutaneous injection of india ink into the footpads of guinea pigs were examined. Two types of cells which had phagocytized india ink were observed in the germinal centers. A small number of type I phagocytes (engulfing india ink as small particles which were often found together with tingible bodies in their cytoplasm) were scattered through the germinal center. A large number of type II phagocytes (packed full of india ink) presented preferentially in the medullary portion of the germinal center, together with many pyroninophil lymphoblastoid cells. In the second experiment, the afferent lymphatics of the popliteal lymph node were ligated 15–20 min after india ink injection. Although the type I phagocytes were distributed as in the first experiment, the type II phagocytes were scanty. In the third experiment, the afferent lymphatics of the popliteal lymph node were ligated 7 days after india ink injection. The type II phagocytes disappeared rapidly from the germinal center, whereas the type I phagocytes remained and were not affected by ¾ n?. These results suggest that the type I phagocytes are the fixed macrophages or tingible body macrophages in the germinal center, and that the type II phagocytes are the macrophages migrating from the peripheral tissues. It was also shown that many macrophages reaching the regional node via afferent lymphatics entered the germinal center through the medullary pole where the cap of small lymphocytes became thinner or disappeared.
Telencephalon cytoarchitecture in Serranus scriba
Authors: Rakić Lj.M. , Lazarević L.N.
Published: February 2009

Cytoarchitectural analysis of the telencephalon in Serranus scriba fish enabled us to differentiate a rather specialized morphological structure. Nerve cells identified in this structures cannot be classified following classical categories met in higher vertebrates neither be related to the isodendritic type of nonspecialized neurons. A centripetal orientation of dendrites and exons from all regions to the striatum is clearly expressed. Numerical prevalence of large cells is remarkable for similar structures in mammals in their prenatal and postnatal ontogenesis.
The pineal complex and its relationship to other epithalamic structures
Authors: Gregorek J.C. , Seibel H.R. , Reiter R.J.
Published: February 2009

The pineal complex of rodents is made up of a pineal gland which developmentally always originates from the area between the habenular and posterior commissure and a pineal sac which is continuous with the choroid plexus of the third ventricle. At the light-microscopic level, this sac appears to be identical to the choroid plexus.The pineal sac abuts the deep and superficial pineal glands of the golden hamster. In the PET mouse, gerbil, kangaroo rat, and Chinese hamster, the sac is contiguous with only small areas of the pineal gland. This sac never abuts true pineal parenchyma in the albino rat. The variability of the relationship between this sac and pineal parenchyma indicates that the sac may not be the main physiological route of pineal secretion. Venous drainage of the pineal gland consistently seemed to be into the superior sagittal sinus by means of the vena cerebri magna.
Limited fat absorption in the large intestine of mice
Authors: Snipes Robert L.
Published: February 2009

A limited fat-absorbing ability of the epithelial cells in the cecum and colon of mice was demonstrated light- and electron-microscopically. After injection of predigested donor fat into ligated segments of the large intestine and after massive gastric intubation of fat, fat droplets, predominantly of extremely large diameter, were visible in the cecum and colon. Comparison with fat absorption in the proximal and distal small intestine was undertaken. The large intestine, similar to the distal small intestine, is capable of absorbing lipids; however, the subsequent processing of fat appears considerably less effcient than in the proximal segments of the small intestine.
Réactivité cellulaire postnatale du nerf optique après énucléation chez le rat
Authors: Valat J. , Fulcrand J. , Marty R.
Published: February 2009

The use of an experimental procedure based upon progressive postoperative delays allowed the quantification of the effects of enucleation performed at the ages of 2, 8 and 20 days, corresponding to key stages of the postnatal maturation of the optic nerve, namely premyelination, myelination and postmyelination. Two main events were noteworthy regarding cell reactivity. The higher the age of the animals at operation, the lower was the proliferation, and the larger was the time lapse between operation and the peak of proliferation. The interferences between reaction gliosis and myelination gliosis depended upon the developmental stage of the optic nerve. This reflects a progressive loss of plasticity.
Radioautographic study of the effect of malononitrile dimer on RNA synthesis in mice
Authors: Dhindsa Kuldip S. , Enesco Hildegard E.
Published: February 2009

The drug malononitrile dimer (1,1,3-tricyano-2-amino-1-propene) was administered intraperitoneally to groups of mice at 20 mg/kg body weight, either as a single injection or as chronic 2-month injections. To study the effect of malononitrile dimer on RNA synthesis in the brain, it was necessary to choose a precursor that would pass the blood-brain barrier. Animals were injected with 14C-formate, then sacrificed 1 h later. RNA synthesis in the brain, liver and kidney of the drug-injected and control animals was determined by the amount of 14C-formate incorporated into newly synthesized RNA. A new method involving the comparison of RNase-extracted with non-extracted slides is described for determining the proportion of 14C-formate incorporated into RNA radioautographically. The results show that RNA synthesis was significantly increased as a result of both single and chronic malononitrile dimer injections in all tissues studied. In most cases, malononitrile dimer nearly doubled the percentage of 14C-formate incorporated into newly synthesized RNA. The effect of the chronic injections was most pronounced in the brain. The mechanism of malononitrile action on RNA synthesis as mediated by thyroxine is discussed.
Cytochemical study on the mechanism of secretion of catecholamines
Authors: Echeverría Olga M. , Vázquez-Nin Gerardo H. , Aguilar Roberto
Published: February 2009

Adrenal medulla and carotid body of cats are studied with acrylic aldehyde-dichromate and glutaraldehyde-dichromate methods for catecholamines. The frequency of dark vesicles and the mean diameter of the cores obtained by these specific methods are compared with those found by the standard glutaraldehyde-osmíum method in normal and reserpine-treated animals. In the samples of normal organs fixed with aldehyde-dichromate methods, the number of dark-cored vesicles is significantly higher than in the controls. On the contrary, in the adrenal gland of reserpine-treated specimens the specific methods demonstrate reductions in the frequency of dark vesicles that can be semiquantitatively compared with the known diminution in the content of catecholamines produced by the drug. In the carotid body it was not found a so strict relation, nevertheless the specific methods give a consistently lower frequency of dark vesicles in reserpine-treated than in control animals. It is suggested that the discrepancy between standard and specific methods in the carotid body is due to substances existent in the dark cores contrasted by the former procedure but not by the latter. The constancy of the mean diameter of the cores even in glands that have lost 93% of their granules confirms the suggestion of an all-or-nothing exocytotic mechanism of discharge of the secretory vesicles. The inverse relation shown between the frequency of dark and clear vesicles indicates that membranes emerge in the cytoplasm after exocytosis as clear vesicles.
Ultrastructural effects of parachlorophenylalanine 5-Hydroxytryptamine and the imipramine group on the nerve processes of the small intestine
Authors: Fehér Erzsébet , Csânyi Kâroly
Published: February 2009

The structure of the nerve fibres in the chronically isolated cat ileum was studied by fluorescence and electron microscopy after imipramine group compounds, parachloro-phenylalanine, and 5-hydroxytryptamine treatment. Following treatment with parachloro-phenylalanine and imipramine group compounds in the nerve fibres of the small intestine, specific granules were selectively decreased (p < 0.001) in number. In concordance with ultra-structural observations, a marked diminution of fluorescence intensity was demonstrable in the small intestine. In addition, the number of the granular vesicles was significantly increased following 5-hydroxytryptamine treatment, and yellow fluorescent neurones and processes were observed in the myenteric and submucous plexuses. On the basis of these observations, the serotoninergic nature of certain nerve fibres could be dernonstra e .
Craniofacial development of the rat with respect to vestibular orientation
Authors: Pucciarelli Héctor M.
Published: February 2009

The vestibular orientation was applied in the present work. Its purpose was to contribute to the knowledge of the craniofacial development of the growing rat. Sagittal cuts were made in 91 crania from Wistar rats (44 males and 47 females) at 8, 15, 30 and 60 days of age. The x and y coordinates of the sagittal points were determined. The sagittal intersection of the vestibular plane was employed as the abscissa and its perpendicular at the mid point of the external semicircular canal (mesovestibion) as the ordinate. Cranial diagrams were constructed in which the length of the sagittal projection of each bone and its angulation with respect to the abscissa were measured. It was confirmed a progressive evolution towards orthocrania due to the bone rotation complexes, which characterized three cranial regions: the anterior region (frontal-ethmoidal-facial complex) with trigonometric rotation; the mid region (parietal-sphenoidal complex) remained stable, and the posterior region (interparietal-occipital complex) with clockwise rotation. Each complex had its own pattern of rotation. The causal factors reside in the differential increment between the functional components: (a) neurocranium-splanchno-cranium, (b) neurocranium-cervical column, (c) dorsal neurocranium-basilar neurocranium and (d) dorsal splanchnocranium-basilar splanchnocranium. Its etiology obeys to the functional requirements induced by the adaptation of the modern rodents.