bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
2024 Clinical Practice Guideline Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America on Complicated Intra-abdominal Infections: Diagnostic Imaging of Suspected Acute Diverticulitis in Adults and Pregnant People
Authors: Bonomo Robert A , Tamma Pranita D , Abrahamian Fredrick M , Bessesen Mary , Chow Anthony W , Dellinger E Patchen , Edwards Morven S , Goldstein Ellie , Hayden Mary K , Humphries Romney , Kaye Keith S , Potoski Brian A , Rodríguez-Baño Jesús , Sawyer Robert , Skalweit Marion , Snydman David R , Donnelly Katelyn , Loveless Jennifer
Published: July 2024

This paper is part of a clinical practice guideline update on the risk assessment, diagnostic imaging, and microbiological evaluation of complicated intra-abdominal infections in adults, children, and pregnant people, developed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. In this paper, the panel provides recommendations for diagnostic imaging of suspected acute diverticulitis. The panel's recommendations are based on evidence derived from systematic literature reviews and adhere to a standardized methodology for rating the certainty of evidence and strength of recommendation according to the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) approach.
Prosapia bicincta (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) abundance, plant associations, and impacts on groundcover in Hawaiʻi Island rangelands
Authors: Wilson Shannon , Thorne Mark S , Johnson Melissa A , Peck Daniel C , Wright Mark G
Published: July 2024

The twolined spittlebug, Prosapia bicincta (Say), is a major economic pest of forage grass and turfgrass. Prosapia bicincta was first detected in rangelands on Hawaiʻi Island in 2016 and has since spread to an estimated 72,000 ha in the North and South Kona districts. This study aimed to quantify P. bicincta abundance, plant associations, and impacts on groundcover over time. Monthly surveys of P. bicincta nymphs and adults were conducted from February 2018 to September 2022 along 17 established 100-m transects at 4 ranches located in Kona, Hawaiʻi Island, spanning an elevation gradient from 519 to 1,874 m above sea level (a.s.l.). Monitoring revealed P. bicincta occurs from 519 to 1,679 m a.s.l., primarily in Kikuyu grass (Cenchrus clandestinus (Hochst. ex Chiov.)) Morrone (Poales: Poaceae) pastures. Peaks in P. bicincta abundance coincided with the wet season, with most activity occurring from April to October and little to no activity between November and March. Mid elevation (1,000–1,300 m) transects had significantly higher mean P. bicincta abundance (126 nymphs/m2) relative to low (500–999 m) (64 nymphs/m2) and high elevations (>1,300 m) (20 nymphs/m2). Sites with the highest abundance of P. bicincta were also associated with the greatest decrease in mean grass cover (30%) and were replaced by forbs, bare ground, and shrubs. Grasses accounted for 72% of the total P. bicincta detections, with the remaining plants comprised of legumes (16%), sedges (6%), and forbs (6%). Twenty new P. bicincta plant associations were found. This information will help improve the effectiveness of management to suppress populations below economic thresholds.
Field longevity of methyl eugenol and cue-lure plugs and associated insecticidal strips: captures of Bactrocera dorsalis and Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Hawaii
Authors: Shelly Todd E , Fezza Thomas J , Martin Rodolfo Mesa
Published: July 2024

Certain species of true fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) cause tremendous damage to commercially important fruits and vegetables, and many countries operate continuous trapping programs which rely on male-specific lures such as trimedlure (TML), methyl eugenol (ME), and cue-lure (CL). Traditionally, these attractants have been applied as liquids to cotton wicks inside traps, although this results in high evaporative loss of the lure. Slow-release, polymeric plugs have been widely adopted for TML, but such devices are not widely used for ME or CL. Recent data, however, suggest that ME and CL plugs may be attractive for as long as 12 wk in the field. The present study investigates whether ME and CL plugs weathered for 18 or 24 wk are effective in capturing males of Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) and Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett), respectively. For B. dorsalis, 6 g ME plugs were as effective as the control treatment (fresh liquid on a wick) after 12 wk of weathering but not after 18 or 24 wk. For Z. cucurbitae, 3 g CL plugs were as effective as the control treatment (fresh CL plugs) after 12 and 18 wk of weathering but not after 24 wk. The residual content and release rate of the 2 lures were also measured over time, but, with the exception of the residual content of ME, we did not find a direct correlation between these parameters and numbers of flies captured.
Gut microbiome in two high-altitude bird populations showed heterogeneity in sex and life stage
Authors: Sun Mingwan , Halimubieke Naerhulan , Fang Baozhu , Valdebenito José O , Xu Xieyang , Sheppard Samuel K , Székely Tamás , Zhang Tongzuo , He Shunfu , Lu Rong , Ward Stephen , Urrutia Araxi O , Liu Yang
Published: July 2024

Gut microbiotas have important impacts on host health, reproductive success, and survival. While extensive research in mammals has identified the exogenous (e.g. environment) and endogenous (e.g. phylogeny, sex, and age) factors that shape the gut microbiota composition and functionality, yet avian systems remain comparatively less understood. Shorebirds, characterized by a well-resolved phylogeny and diverse life-history traits, present an ideal model for dissecting the factors modulating gut microbiota dynamics. Here, we provide an insight into the composition of gut microbiota in two high-altitude (ca. 3200 m above sea level) breeding populations of Kentish plover (Charadrius alexandrinus) and Tibetan sand plover (Charadrius altrifrons) in the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, China. By analysing faecal bacterial communities using 16S rRNA sequencing technology, we find a convergence in gut microbial communities between the two species, dominated by Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. This suggests that the shared breeding environment potentially acts as a significant determinant shaping their gut microbiota. We also show sex- and age-specific patterns of gut microbiota: female adults maintain a higher diversity than males, and juveniles are enriched in Rhizobiaceae and Exiguobacterium due to their vegetative food resource. Our study not only provides a comprehensive descriptive information for future investigations on the diversity, functionality, and determinants of avian microbiomes, but also underscores the importance of microbial communities in broader ecological contexts.
Understanding Kenyan policymakers’ perspectives about the introduction of new maternal vaccines
Authors: Limaye Rupali J , Fesshaye Berhaun , Singh Prachi , Jalang’o Rose , Njogu Rosemary Njura , Miller Emily , Schue Jessica , Sauer Molly , Lee Clarice , Karron Ruth A
Published: July 2024

New vaccine policy adoption is a complex process, especially in low-and-middle-income countries, requiring country policymakers to navigate challenges such as competing priorities, human and financial resource constraints, and limited logistical capacity. Since the beginning of the Expanded Programme on Immunization, most new vaccine introductions under this structure have not been aimed at adult populations. The majority of adult vaccines offered under the Expanded Programme on Immunization are not typically tested among and tailored for pregnant persons, except those that are specifically recommended for pregnancy. Given that new maternal vaccines, including respiratory syncytial virus and group B streptococcus vaccines, are on the horizon, it is important to understand what barriers may arise during the policy development and vaccine introduction process. In this study, we sought to understand information needs among maternal immunization policymakers and decision-makers in Kenya for new vaccine maternal policy adoption through in-depth interviews with 20 participants in Nakuru and Mombasa, counties in Kenya. Results were mapped to an adapted version of an established framework focused on new vaccine introduction in low-and-middle-income countries. Participants reported that the policy process for new maternal vaccine introduction requires substantial evidence as well as coordination among diverse stakeholders. Importantly, our findings suggest that the process for new maternal vaccines does not end with the adoption of a new policy, as intended recipients and various actors can determine the success of a vaccine programme. Previous shortcomings, in Kenya, and globally during human papillomavirus vaccine introduction, show the need to allocate adequate resources in education of communities given the sensitive target group. With maternal vaccines targeting a sensitive group—pregnant persons—in the pipeline, it is an opportune time to understand how to ensure successful vaccine introduction with optimal acceptance and uptake, while also addressing vaccine hesitancy to increase population benefit.
Efficacy of Ustekinumab and Vedolizumab Among Postoperative Crohn’s Disease Patients as Postoperative Prophylaxis and Rescue Therapy: Real-world Data
Authors: Ertem Furkan U , Rivers Claudia Ramos , Ghaffari Amir Ali , Watson Andrew R , Tang Gong , Schwartz Marc , Johnston Elyse , Barrie Arthur , Harrison Janet , Dueker Jeffrey M , Hartman Doug , Binion David G
Published: July 2024

Background

Almost half of patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) require bowel surgeries in their lifetime. Due to the high risk of postoperative disease recurrence and high rate of previous antitumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) failure, often alternative therapy options such as ustekinumab (UST) and vedolizumab (VDZ) are used. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of UST and VDZ among postoperative CD patients as postoperative prophylaxis and rescue therapy.

Methods

Consented CD patients who underwent initial ileocecal resection and were treated with UST and VDZ were included in this study. Demographics, clinical characteristics, health care utilization, endoscopy scores, and surgery outcomes were collected. Postoperative early CD recurrence was defined as a Rutgeerts endoscopic score ≥i2 within the first 2 years. The rescue therapy group was defined as patients who received either UST or VDZ after having Rutgeerts endoscopic score ≥i2 postoperatively.

Results

During 2009 to 2019, 98 CD patients were treated with UST or VDZ postoperatively. Postoperative early recurrence rates were 5% (n = 1 out of 20) and 6% (1 out of 15) for the UST and VDZ groups, respectively. Two patients from the UST group and 1 patient from the VDZ group required bowel surgery during follow-up with median drug exposure of 51 (95% confidence interval [CI], 29-61) and 30 (95% CI, 14-63) months, respectively; 55% and 69% of patients had at least 1 point of improvement on postoperative endoscopic Rutgeerts score, respectively, for UST and VDZ. Only 3 out of 40 and 1 out of 23 patients required bowel surgery during follow-up while receiving UST and VDZ as rescue therapy.

Conclusions

Both UST and VDZ were effective as postoperative therapies either as prophylaxis or rescue therapy.
On a Goldbach-Type Problem for the Liouville Function
Authors: Mangerel Alexander P
Published: July 2024

Let $\lambda $ denote the Liouville function. We show that for all $N \geq 11$, the (non-trivial) convolution sum bound $$ \begin{align*} & \left|\sum_{n < N} \lambda(n) \lambda(N-n)\right| < N-1 \end{align*} $$ holds. We also determine all $N$ for which no cancellation in the convolution sum occurs. This answers a question posed at the 2018 AIM workshop on Sarnak’s conjecture.
Selection of Single-Analyte Delta Check Rules with Logistic Regression for Detection of Intravenous Fluid Contamination in a Clinical Chemistry Laboratory
Authors: Yang Jianbo , Wen Sijin , McCudden Christopher R , Tacker Danyel H
Published: July 2024

Background

The conventional single-analyte delta check, utilized for identifying intravenous fluid contamination and other preanalytical errors, is known to flag many specimens reflecting true patient status changes. This study aimed to derive delta check rules that more accurately identify contamination.

Methods

Results for calcium, creatinine, glucose, sodium, and potassium were retrieved from 326 103 basic or comprehensive metabolic panels tested between February 2021 and January 2022. In total, 7934 specimens showed substantial result changes, of which 1489 were labeled as either contaminated or non-contaminated based on chart review. These labeled specimens were used to derive logistic regression models and to select the most predictive single-analyte delta checks for 4 common contaminants. Their collective performance was evaluated using a test data set from October 2023 comprising 14 717 specimens.

Results

The most predictive single-analyte delta checks included a calcium change by ≤−24% for both saline and Plasma-Lyte A contamination, a potassium increase by ≥3.0 mmol/L for potassium contamination, and a glucose increase by ≥400 mg/dL (22.2 mmol/L) for dextrose contamination. In the training data sets, multi-analyte logistic regression models performed better than single-analyte delta checks. In the test data set, logistic regression models and single-analyte delta checks demonstrated collective alert rates of 0.58% (95% CI, 0.46%–0.71%) and 0.60% (95% CI, 0.49%–0.74%), respectively, along with collective positive predictive values of 79% (95% CI, 70%–89%) and 77% (95% CI, 68%–87%).

Conclusions

Single-analyte delta checks selected by logistic regression demonstrated a low false alert rate.
Building blocks toward sustainable biofertilizers: variation in arbuscular mycorrhizal spore germination when immobilized with diazotrophic bacteria in biodegradable hydrogel beads
Authors: Mafune Korena K , Kasson Matt T , Winkler Mari-Karoliina H
Published: July 2024

Aim

We investigated whether there was interspecies and intraspecies variation in spore germination of 12 strains of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi when co-entrapped with the diazotrophic plant growth-promoting bacteria, Azospirillum brasilense Sp7 in alginate hydrogel beads.

Methods and results

Twelve Rhizophagus irregularis, Rhizophagus intraradices, and Funneliformis mosseae strains were separately combined with a live culture of Azospirillum brasilense Sp7. Each fungal–bacterial consortia was supplemented with sodium alginate to a 2% concentration (v/v) and cross-linked in calcium chloride (2% w/v) to form biodegradable hydrogel beads. One hundred beads from each combination (total of 1200) were fixed in solidified modified Strullu and Romand media. Beads were observed for successful spore germination and bacterial growth over 14 days. In all cases, successful growth of A. brasilense was observed. For arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, interspecies variation in spore germination was observed, with R. intraradices having the highest germination rate (64.3%), followed by R. irregularis (45.5%) and F. mosseae (40.3%). However, a difference in intraspecies germination was only observed among strains of R. irregularis and F. mosseae. Despite having varying levels of germination, even the strains with the lowest potential were still able to establish with the plant host Brachypodium distachyon in a model system.

Conclusions

Arbuscular mycorrhizal spore germination varied across strains when co-entrapped with a diazotrophic plant growth-promoting bacteria. This demonstrates that hydrogel beads containing a mixed consortium hold potential as a sustainable biofertilizer and that compatibility tests remain an important building block when aiming to create a hydrogel biofertilizer that encases a diversity of bacteria and fungi. Moving forward, further studies should be conducted to test the efficacy of these hydrogel biofertilizers on different crops across varying climatic conditions in order to optimize their potential.
Zoledronic acid for hip fracture during initial hospitalization
Authors: Fan WuQiang , Sun Xiaoxu , Leder Benjamin Z , Lee Hang , Ly Thuan V , Pu Charles T , Franco-Garcia Esteban , Bolster Marcy B
Published: July 2024

Inpatient zoledronic acid (IP-ZA) administered during the initial fracture hospitalization significantly improves the osteoporosis treatment rate. Clinical outcomes of IP-ZA after hip fracture remain uncertain. Here we report a cohort study that emulated a randomized controlled trial using real-world data and evaluated the risk of all-cause-mortality and radiologically confirmed subsequent new fractures among patients hospitalized for a hip fracture who had received IP-ZA as compared with propensity-matched controls. A total of 654 patients who had received IP-ZA and 6877 controls (for whom anti-osteoporosis treatment was indicated but no IP-ZA started during index hospitalization) were included in the study. The primary cohort comprised 652 IP-ZA patients (IP-ZA group) and 1926 matched controls (untreated group), with 71.7% female 92.1% White participants, with a mean age of 80.9 years. Cumulative all-cause mortality over the 24-month follow-up for the IP-ZA group was 12.3% and 20.7% for the untreated group (hazard ratio [HR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.49-0.78, p < .001). A total of 585 (89.7%) patients in IP-ZA group received only a single dose of ZA during the 24 months, and the death rate of this single dose group was 13.3%, which was significantly lower than that of the untreated group (HR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.55-0.89, p = .003). Rates of radiologically confirmed cumulative subsequent new vertebral fractures were 2.0% in the IP-ZA group and 5.4% in the untreated group (HR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.22-0.71, p = .001). A similarly lower rate of new vertebral fractures was seen in the single dose subgroup (1.9% vs 5.4%; HR, 0.44; 95% 0.24-0.82, p = .008). IP-ZA, administered during the initial hospitalization for hip fracture, was associated with lower all-cause-mortality and risk of radiologically confirmed subsequent new vertebral fractures, and thus offers a mechanism to narrow the treatment gap in patients having sustained a hip fragility fracture.
Frequency-focused sound data generator for fault diagnosis in industrial robots
Authors: Ahn Semin , Yoo Jinoh , Lee Kyu-Wha , Youn Byeng Dong , Ahn Sung-Hoon
Published: July 2024

A frequency-focused sound data generator was developed for the in situ fault sound diagnosis of industrial robot reducers. The sound data generator, based on a conditional generative adversarial network, selects a target frequency range without relying on domain knowledge. A sound dataset of normal and faulty harmonic drive rotations of in situ industrial robots was collected using an attachable wireless sound sensor. The generated sound data were evaluated based on the fault diagnosis accuracy of a simple classifier trained using the generated data and tested using real data. The proposed method well-defined the frequency feature clusters and produced high-quality data, exhibiting up to 16.0% higher precision score on normal and 13.0% higher accuracy on weak-fault harmonic drive compared with the conventional methods, achieving fault diagnosis accuracy of 95.6% even in situations of fault data comprising only 5% of the normal data.
Cold tolerance and metabolism of red-haired pine bark beetle Hylurgus ligniperda (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) during the overwintering period
Authors: Cheng Ling , Pei Jiahe , Chen Xuesong , Shi Fengming , Bao Zhashenjiacan , Hou Qidi , Zhi Lingxu , Zong Shixiang , Tao Jing
Published: July 2024

Hylurgus ligniperda invaded Shandong, China, through imported forest timber, posing a threat to China’s forest health. Exotic insects with broad environmental tolerance, including low temperatures, may have a better chance of surviving the winters and becoming invasive. Understanding the cold-tolerance strategies of H. ligniperda may help to design sustainable pest management approaches. In this study, we aim to investigate the cold-tolerance ability and relevant physiological indicators in overwintering H. ligniperda adults to determine any possible overwintering strategies. Supercooling points (SCPs) for adults H. ligniperda differed significantly across months and reached the lowest level in the mid- and post-overwintering period, the minimum SCPs −6.45 ± 0.18 °C. As the cold exposure temperature decreased, the survival rate of adults gradually decreased, and no adult survived more than 1 day at −15 °C, and the LLT50 for 1 day was −7.1 °C. Since H. ligniperda adults can survive internal ice formation, they are freeze-tolerant insects. Throughout the overwintering period, the SCPs and the water, protein, sorbitol, and glycerol content in adults decreased initially and then increased. We reported significant correlations between total protein, sorbitol, trehalose, and glycerol content in the beetles and SCPs. Glycogen, lipid, protein, trehalose, and sorbitol content in adult beetles may directly affect their cold-tolerance capacity and survival during winter. This study provides a physiological and biochemical basis for further study of metabolism and cold-tolerance strategies in H. ligniperda adults, which may help predict population dynamics and distribution potential of pests.
Tapping for love: courtship, mating, and behavioral asymmetry in two aphid parasitoids, Aphidius ervi and Aphidius matricariae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae)
Authors: Zeni Valeria , Romano Donato , Kavallieratos Nickolas G , Stefanini Cesare , Lucchi Andrea , Canale Angelo , Benelli Giovanni
Published: July 2024

Understanding the biology and ecology of parasitoids can have direct implications for their evaluation as biological control agents, as well as for the development and implementation of mass-rearing techniques. Nonetheless, our current knowledge of the possible influence of lateralized displays (i.e., the asymmetric expression of cognitive functions) on their reproductive behavior is scarce. Herein, we characterized the behavioral elements involved in courtship, and quantified the durations of 2 important aphid parasitoids, Aphidius ervi Haliday and Aphidius matricariae Haliday (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae). We quantified the main indicators of copulation and examined the occurrence of lateralized traits at population level. Results indicated that A. matricariae exhibited longer durations of wing fanning, antennal tapping, pre-copula and copula phases compared to A. ervi. Postcopulatory behavior was observed only in A. matricariae. Unlike other parasitoid species, the duration of wing fanning, chasing, and antennal tapping did not affect the success of the mating of male A. ervi and A. matricariae. Both species exhibited a right-biased female kicking behavior at the population level during the pre-copula. Our study provides insights into the fundamental biology of aphidiine parasitoids and reports the presence of population-level lateralized mating displays, which can serve as useful benchmarks to evaluate the quality of mass-rearing systems.
Microclimatic drivers of winter bat activity in coast redwood forests
Authors: Andreozzi Chelsea L , Merenlender Adina M
Published: July 2024

Bats are among the least well-known mammals, particularly in terms of their behavior and activity patterns during the winter. Here, we use passive acoustic monitoring to overcome some of the challenges inherent in surveying cryptic forest bats during the wet season to quantify overwintering behavior for 11 species in California coast redwood forests under varying microclimates. Because different species are active at different forest heights, we also examined the effect of acoustic detector placement (treetop or ground level). Generalized linear mixed models were used to relate acoustic detection probability for 8 species to daytime and nighttime temperature, relative humidity, water vapor pressure, and detector placement. The results indicate that daytime maximum temperature best explained variation in nightly probability of detection, and temperature threshold at which bats were predicted to be detected varied considerably across species. By using more precise species detection methods, we were able to resolve significant differences in activity patterns between Myotis yumanensis and M. californicus, 2 species with similar acoustic signatures that are often lumped together. Myotis californicus was predicted to have a 50% probability of detection at maximum daytime temperature as low as 12.5 °C, whereas M. yumanensis was not predicted to have 50% detection probability until maximum daytime temperature was at least 22 °C, suggesting that M. californicus spends less time in torpor. Also, monitoring at the top of the canopy revealed 4 migratory species to be present in the ecosystem on significantly more monitoring nights than could be observed using conventional ground-based monitoring methods. Improving winter bat survey methods provides evidence that diverse bat species are more active in redwood forests during the winter than previously documented. This finding suggests that coastal forests could provide important winter bat habitat for both resident and migratory species.
Risk and related factors of elbow musculoskeletal diseases: a nationwide cross-sectional survey in China
Authors: Zhou Zhehua , Meng Pan , Jia Ning , Zhang Huadong , Ling Ruijie , Liu Yimin , Li Gang , Li Dongxia , Yin Yan , Shao Hua , Zhang Hengdong , Qiu Bing , Wang Dayu , Zeng Qiang , Chen Jianchao , Zhang Danying , Mei Liangying , Liu Yongquan , Liu Jixiang , Zhang Chengyun , Li Tianlai , Wang Zhongxu
Published: July 2024

Objectives

Although studies have shown that work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are common and continue to be a major source of disability and work time loss, there are few reports about elbow WMSDs. The aim of this study was to explore the prevalence and associated factors of elbow WMSDs.

Methods

The valid questionnaires of 57501 workers from 15 different industries nationwide were collected and the c2 test and logistic regression analysis were applied to reveal the prevalence and risk factors of elbow WMSDs.

Results

The findings indicated that the overall prevalence of elbow WMSDs among workers was 7.3%. However, the prevalence of elbow WMSDs in toy manufacturing was 21.3%, which was significantly higher than that in other industries (P < .05). Logistic regression analysis showed that age 40 and above, married, very poor health, left-handedness, lifting weights (more than 20 kg each time), work requiring upper limb or hand force, work in an uncomfortable position, repetitive operations within 1 minute, using vibrating tools, work involving cold, cool draughts, or temperature changes, work being completed in the same workshop, work being done outdoors, frequent dealings with customers, 2 shifts, often working overtime, staff shortage, and often working for colleagues were risk factors for elbow WMSDs. A higer education level, monthly income, and enough rest time were protective factors for elbow WMSDs.

Conclusions

Toy manufacturing is a high-risk industry for elbow WMSDs. Promotion of education about ergonomics should be strengthened, and workers’ ergonomics awareness should be improved to reduce the impact of WMSDs.
The individual and work-related factors associated with the occupational future time perspective: a cross-sectional study of older workers in Japan
Authors: Sakai Kosuke , Nagata Tomohisa , Mori Takahiro , Sueyoshi Naozumi , Inoue Shunsuke , Odagami Kiminori , Shibata Yoshiyuki , Mori Koji
Published: July 2024

Objectives

Occupational future time perspective (OFTP) is important concept for a successful career in older workers. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between individual and work-related factors and OFTP.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study via an online questionnaire survey. Respondents were stratified sampled according to the distribution of workers across Japan. To assess OFTP, we used the Japanese version of the OFTP scale. We included factors such as sex, age, education, marital status, subjective health status, personal income, length of employment, industry, size of company, employment status, working days per week, and night shift. Multiple regression analysis was employed to calculate the regression coefficients for each factor, with OFTP serving as the dependent variable.

Results

In total we included 1484 respondents. Our findings indicated that higher OFTP was associated with higher education, better subjective health status, higher personal income, and smaller size of company. Compared with manufacturing, certain industries such as agriculture and forestry, transportation and postal services, and health care showed lower OFTP. In contrast to permanent workers, contract and part-time workers demonstrated lower OFTP, whereas owners of non–family businesses exhibited higher OFTP. Furthermore, individuals working 1-4 d/wk showed lower OFTP compared with those working 5 d/wk.

Conclusions

Older workers facing limitations in resources, such as educational background, personal income, precarious employment, and health status, tend to have lower OFTP. Such individuals should be given priority for support and assistance.
Optimizing Neonatal Herpes Simplex Virus Evaluations: Influence of In-House Serum Polymerase Chain Reaction Performance on Diagnostic Turnaround, Acyclovir Duration, and Hospital Length of Stay
Authors: Patt Elizabeth M , Ribes Julie A , Long Lindsey M , Gardner Brian M , Howard Joel I , Schadler Aric , Olney Katie B
Published: July 2024

This study evaluated the impact of the transition to in-house performance of serum herpes simplex virus (HSV) PCRs. Transition to in-house performance reduced diagnostic turnaround times and acyclovir durations, improved evaluation integrity, and expedited discharge in infants with negative diagnostics.
High malaria PCR positivity in asymptomatic migrants from sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Pérez-Ugarte Arantxa , Oliveira-Souto Inés , Nadal-Baron Patricia , Zarzuela Francesc , Serre-Delcor Nuria , Treviño Begoña , Aznar María L , Pou Diana , Mediavilla Alejandro , Rubio-Maturana Carles , Belsol-Alfonso Marcos , Ruiz Edurne , Goterris Lidia , Sulleiro Elena
Published: July 2024

This study describes a high prevalence of malaria in 2894 asymptomatic migrants from sub-Saharan Africa over an 8-year period using qPCR as a screening technique. The use of nucleic acid amplification tests constitutes a good alternative for malaria diagnosis in this moving population.
Mitogenomic phylogeny of Nassariidae (Neogastropoda: Buccinoidea)
Authors: Yang Yi , Templado José , Puillandre Nicolas , Zardoya Rafael
Published: July 2024

Mud snails (family Nassariidae) represent a highly diversified lineage within the superfamily Buccinoidea. Recent molecular phylogenies contradicted in some instances the traditional nassariid classification and revealed important levels of homoplasy in phenotypic characters. In order to clarify the boundaries of the family Nassariidae, as well as to inquire on the diversification of the cosmopolitan Nassariinae, a robust phylogenetic framework is needed. Here, the near-complete mitogenomes of 31 species representing almost all lineages of Nassariidae plus several buccinoid outgroups were sequenced. All mitogenomes of buccinoids shared the same gene order, which is identical to the consensus reported for caenogastropods. The monophyly of Nassariidae as previously defined was not confirmed. The reconstructed phylogeny revealed distant relationships between the genera Cyllene, Anentome, Tomlinia, Engoniophos, Phos and Antillophos and the majority of nassariids, represented by Nassariinae + Bullia. Within Nassariinae, a robust phylogeny, which recognized a total of seven regional groups, was reconstructed. The West Atlantic/Mediterranean genus Tritia was divided into three clades. The biogeographical analysis together with the inferred chronogram suggested that Nassariinae might have originated during the late Paleocene in the Indo-Pacific region. Subsequent climate change and continental drift events triggered diversification within the subfamily, leading to the worldwide distribution of current genera.
Molecular genetics and diversity of choroid plexus tumors
Authors: Thomas Christian , Hasselblatt Martin
Published: July 2024

Choroid plexus tumors are rare intraventricular brain tumors predominantly arising in children but also affecting adults. Chromosome-wide copy-number alterations and TP53 mutations do occur, but in most choroid plexus tumors, driver mutations have not been identified. Here we give a brief overview of the histopathological and clinical diversity of choroid plexus tumors and their genetic and epigenetic heterogeneity. Preliminary data indicate that choroid plexus carcinomas comprise at least 2 epigenetic subgroups, one of which is associated with TP53 mutation status. These findings strongly encourage us to further investigate the genetic and epigenetic heterogeneity in a larger cohort and to align molecular subgroup status with clinical annotations, in order to identify prognostic markers that may also aid stratification within future international trials.
A fast protocol for multicenter and multiparametric quantitative MRI studies in brain tumor patients using vendor sequences
Authors: Thomas Dennis C , Deichmann Ralf , Nöth Ulrike , Langkammer Christian , Ferreira Mónica , Golbach Rejane , Hattingen Elke , Wenger Katharina J
Published: July 2024

Background

Multiparametric quantitative MRI (mp-qMRI) provides noninvasive, quantitative measurements sensitive to a variety of tissue properties. In brain tumors (BTs), longitudinal relaxation time (T1), effective transverse relaxation time (T2*), transverse relaxation time (T2), water content (H2O), and quantitative susceptibility (χ) give valuable insights into the microenvironment. To generate large multicenter datasets, protocols need to be short and implementable on any scanner. The goal of this work was to develop and validate an 8-min, 3T mp-qMRI protocol for BT patients solely using generalized pulse sequences (mGRE and EPI).

Methods

A protocol was developed and tested on a multicompartment phantom, 5 healthy subjects (mean age: 31.64 years), and 4 BT patients (mean age:39.5 years). Phantom and healthy subject longitudinal relaxation time (T1) maps were compared to those obtained using 2 reference methods. The 5 healthy subjects were scanned on 3T MRI scanners at 2 different sites and the reproducibility between scanners was assessed by computing Coefficients of Variance (COV) maps, performing Bland–Altman analysis and t-tests. Clinical feasibility was tested on 4 BT patients.

Results

T1 values obtained using the proposed mp-qMRI protocol agree with those obtained using the reference methods in volunteers (mean error = 8.94 ms). The qMRI maps (T1, T2*, H2O, and χ) of the volunteers showed good reproducibility between scanners with no significant differences for mean WM and GM qMRI values. WM and GM mean qMRI values agreed well with literature values. H2O gave the lowest COV and χ maps the highest.

Conclusion

The proposed vendor sequence-based 3T mp-qMRI protocol gives interpolated, high resolution (1 mm isotropic) T1, T2*, H2O, and χ maps in 8 min of acquisition.
Real-world outcomes of combined lenvatinib and anti-PD-1 in advanced melanoma: the Lenvamel study, a multicenter retrospective study of the French Group of Skin Cancers (Groupe de Cancérologie Cutanée)
Authors: Rousset Perrine , Nardin Charlée , Maubec Eve , Heidelberger Valentine , Picard Alexandra , Troin Laura , Gerard Emilie , Kramkimel Nora , Steff-Naud Maud , Quéreux Gaëlle , Gaudy-Marqueste Caroline , Lesage Candice , Mignard Claire , Jeudy Géraldine , Jouary Thomas , Saint-Jean Mélanie , Baroudjian Barouyr , Archier Elodie , Mortier Laurent , Lebbe Céleste , Montaudié Henri
Published: July 2024

Background

Currently, treatment options for patients with advanced melanoma who experience failed immunotherapy or targeted therapy are lacking. Recent studies suggest the antitumor activity of combined pembrolizumab and lenvatinib in patients with advanced melanoma progressing on immunotherapy. Herein, we report the clinical outcomes of combined lenvatinib and a programmed cell death protein-1 inhibitor (PD-1) in this population.

Materials and Methods

This French multicenter real-world study was conducted between September 2020 and July 2023. The primary endpoint was the objective response rate (ORR) according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours (version 1.1). Secondary variables were treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and duration of response (DOR).

Results

Of the 67 patients included (median age, 69 years; median follow-up, 5.0 months), 85% had stage IV-M1c or M1d disease. The overall ORR was 28.4% (95% CI, 18%-41%), including 3 complete (4.5%) and 16 partial (23.9%) responses. Median DOR was 3.1 (interquartile range, 1.3-4.3) months. Median PFS and OS were 3.1 (95% CI, 2.5-3.7) and 9.8 (95% CI, 5.6-13.9) months, respectively. Grades 3-5 TRAEs occurred in 16 (24%) patients; common TRAEs were fatigue (43.3%), nausea/vomiting (26.8%), diarrhea (20.9%), and hypertension (20.9%). No treatment-related deaths occurred.

Conclusion

Our real-world study demonstrates an interesting response rate and acceptable safety profile in a population with poor prognostic factors. Our data support this treatment option for refractory melanoma, as it is not approved by the Food and Drug Administration or European Medicines Agency, and highlight the need for new strategies.
Role of Granisetron in Reducing Spinal Anesthesia Induced Hypotension during Cesarean Section
Authors: Ewais Bahaa El Deen , El Sayed Abdellatif Ayman Ahmad , Youssef Mohamed Shady Mahmoud
Published: July 2024

Background

Spinal anesthesia is the preferred method for elective cesarean sections due to considerable risks regarding airway management associated with physiological changes of pregnancy. Although it has been considered as a safe technique, spinal anesthesia has many side effects, including hypotension, bradycardia, nausea, and vomiting. Factors influencing the level and the intensity of block include the injected drug, the level of injection, the needle type, the patient position, and patient characteristics, such as age, height, weight, pregnancy, and spinal anatomy.

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy of different doses of granisetron, a 5-HT3 receptor inhibitors, on reducing the incidence of hypotension after subarachnoid block for cesarean section.

Patients and Methods

After obtaining approval from the Research Ethical Committee of Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, and written informed consent this study was conducted in the operating theatres of Ain Shams University Hospitals.

Results

In our study we compared the effect of different doses of granisetron in reducing the hypotension occurring as a result of spinal anesthesia in parturients undergoing elective LSCS. The result of the study showed that compared to placebo group, there was a reduction in the degree of hypotension in group who was pre-medicated with IV grainsetron, and this reduction was more with increasing the dose of granisetron.

Conclusion

IV granisetron can be used as a pre-medication to reduce spinal anesthesia induced hypotension in parturients undergoing elective lower section cesarean section.
Effect of Intraoperative Lung Recruitment and Transversus Abdominis Plane Block in Laparoscopic Bariatric Surgery on Postoperative Lung Functions: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Hamed Aboseif Aboseif Abdel , Elmohsen Bedewy Ahmed Abd , El-Khattab Amin Salwa Omar , Nafei Magdy Mohamed , Hammad Raafat Abdelazim
Published: July 2024

Background

Morbid obesity may cause a restrictive condition. general anesthesia (GA) and supine posture both result in a decrease in lung capacity and Functional residual capacity (FRC), encouraging the development of atelectasis, altering the ventilation/perfusion ratio and raising the pulmonary shunt. This study evaluated the impact of recruitment maneuver (RM) and Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) block performed during laparoscopic bariatric surgery on spirometry, oxygenation, hemodynamic variables, opioid requirements and pain score assessed after surgery.

Methods

This pilot prospective randomized controlled study included 80 patients scheduled for elective laparoscopic bariatric surgeries (e.g., laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, and laparoscopic gastric bypass) under GA. Patients were divided into four equal groups. All patients had received standardized postoperative analgesia regimen, group I (control group), group II received TAP block after intubation and before surgical incision, group III received RM after intubation and after pneumoperitoneal exsufflation, and group IV received RM after intubation and after pneumoperitoneal exsufflation and TAP block after intubation and before surgical incision.

Results

Forced Vital Capacity “FVC”, Forced Expiratory Volume “FEV1” were found to be significantly higher after operation in group IV compared to other groups. FEV1/FVC was insignificantly different among the four groups before and after operation. Intraoperative PaO2, PaO2/FiO2 were significantly higher in group III and IV compared to other groups. Numerical rating scale (NRS) at 1, 2, 4, 6 and 12hr had significantly decreased in group II and IV compared to other groups. Heart rate (HR) and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) were insignificantly different among the four groups. Morphine consumption was significantly lower in group II and IV compared to other groups.

Conclusions

TAP block combined with RM group exhibited better postoperative pulmonary function tests (PFTs). Intraoperative oxygenation was higher in RM groups. NRS and opioid consumption were lower in TAP groups in postoperative period.
A Comparative Study between Ultrasound Guided Ilioingunial/Iliohypogastric Nerve Block versus Transversus Abdominis Plane Block in Patients Undergoing Unilateral Oblique Inguinal Hernia Repair
Authors: Mahmoud Mohamed Khaled , Kamel Gehan Fouad , Wahba Sherif Samir , Ahmed Adham Magdy
Published: July 2024

Background

Combined ilioinguinal-iliohypogastric (IIN/IHN) block and transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block are used under ultrasound (USG) visualization for postoperative pain control in patients undergoing unilateral inguinal hernia repair surgery.

Patients and Methods

This study compares USG-guided TAP versus IIN/IHN block for post-operative analgesia efficacy in adults undergoing inguinal hernia surgery, among 60 patients randomized into group A received IIN+IHN blocks by using levobupivacaine 0.25% 20 ml and group B received TAP block by using levobupivacaine 0.25% 20 ml after induction of general anesthesia.

Results

There is highly statistically significant increase mean of ilioinguinal /illiohypogastric block (II/IH) group compared to TAP block group according to time to rescue analgesia (min) (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

USG-guided IIN/IHN block delays the need for rescue analgesia and reduces the postoperative analgesic requirement compared to USG-guided TAP block.
Ultra-Sound Guided Quadratus Lamborum Block Using Dexamethasone and Bupivacaine versus Dexmedetomidine and Bupivacaine for Post-Operative Analgesia after Labaroscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Ahmed Zaghloul Mohammed Ali , Abdel-Mageed Walid Mohammed , Ibraheem Mohamed , Fetouh Abbas Mohammed Abbas
Published: July 2024

Background

The goal of postoperative pain management is provision of comfort, early mobilization and improved respiratory function without causing inadequate sedation and respiratory compromise, which can be achieved through using regional anethesia. Transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block has been increasedly used for postoperative pain relief after lower abdominal surgeries. The main advantage of quadratus lumborum block (QLB) compared to TAP block is the extension of local anesthetic agent beyond the transversus abdominis plane to the thoracic paravertebral space. The wider spread of the local anesthetic agents may produce extensive analgesia and prolonged action of the injected local anesthetic solution.

Objective

To assess the analgesic effect of addition dexamethasone or Dexmedetomidine with bupivacaine in ultrasound-guided QLB to prolong it’s duration in patients undergoing laparscopic abdominal surgeries in the early postoperative period regarding pain relief, provision of comfort, and improved respiratory functions.

Patients and Methods

After approval of anesthesiology department scientific and ethical committees in Ain Shams University Hospitals, patients undergoing laparscopic abdominal surgeries were included in the study, and were divided into two groups (n = 10; each); group A and B . Where in group A patients(n = 10) received 20 ml bupivacaine 0.5% plus 100 μg Dexmedetomidine diluted in 5ml 0.9% NaCl (the total volume injected in all patients is 25 ml), and group B patients (n = 10) received 20 ml bupivacaine 0.25% plus 8 mg dexamethasone (2 ml) plus 3 ml 0.9% NaCl .

Results

The thesis proved that the addition of either Dexmedetomidine or dexamethasone to bupivacaine 0.25% in ultrasound guided QLB for laparscopic abdominal (cholecystectomy) surgeries hastened the onset, prolonged the duration of sensory block, increased post-operative analgesia and decreased rescue analgesia needed without increasing the risk of adverse effects, with Dexmedetomidine showing better results.

Conclusion

The addition of either 100 μg Dexmedetomidine diluted in 5 ml 0.9% NaCl or 8 mg dexamethasone to 20 ml bupivacaine 0.25% in ultrasound guided quadratus lumborum block for laparscopic abdominal surgery prolonged the duration of analgesia significantly and decreased the postoperative analgesic requirement. Hence, our study suggests that either Dexmedetomidine or dexamethasone may be a useful alternative as an adjuvant to long-acting local anesthetics for quadratus lumborum nerve block with Dexmedetomidine showing better results.