bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Missing Relational Element in Tort Cases on Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Authors: Zahar Alexander
Published: November 2022

The applicability of tort law to conduct contributing to the causes of climate change (“emitting conduct”) has been questioned by courts in Common Law jurisdictions. The golden thread running through the decisions is that plaintiffs have failed to prove the existence of a standard by which to distinguish acceptable from unacceptable emission of greenhouse gases. In this article I argue that the problem of an inexistent standard of conduct is at the root of many other legal difficulties thrown up by attempts to portray emitting conduct as tortious conduct. The humble requirement of a standard of conduct captures the core mismatch: emitting conduct is normal conduct and in no accepted objective sense is it unreasonable.
Climate, Energy – and Environment? Reconciliation of EU Environmental Law with the Implementation Realities of EU Climate Law
Authors: Hardiman Alison
Published: November 2022

Recognizing that significantly increased renewable-energy share (res) is a central component of both EU climate and environmental law, the focus of this paper is the point of intersection between these legal frameworks. Renewable-energy infrastructure projects are necessary for climate-mitigation purposes, but they give rise to significant local environmental impacts that have a negative effect on local communities and environmental conditions. The objective of environmental protection, ‘to preserve, protect and improve the quality of the environment’, does not fully align with the objectives of climate mitigation, which are designed to safeguard the needs of future generations and the long-term environment. While EU environmental policy encompasses ‘measures designed to combat climate change’, little attention has been afforded in relevant Directives to the impact of climate-mitigation measures on the environment. There is no provision for proportionate treatment of the impacts of these measures in environmental governance procedures. Analysis of the provisions of the eia and Habitats Directives, which directly impact the authorization of renewable-energy projects, reveals that climate as a component of EU environmental policy is dealt with via the limitation and control of greenhouse gas emissions, an incomplete approach that fails to provide for the development of new large-scale infrastructure that can mitigate the generation of greenhouse gas emissions through provision of sustainable energy sources. The European Union’s revised Trans European Network – Energy (ten-E) Regulation (June 2022) provides that energy infrastructure in the form of projects of common interest shall be deemed to be in the overriding public interest in the context of the Habitats Directive, an exception to that Directive’s prohibition on development that could negatively impact protected Natura 2000 features. A proposal pursuant to the EU Commission’s plan ‘REPowerEU’ recommends an amendment to the Renewable Energy Directive to introduce a similar overriding provision in respect of all renewable-energy infrastructure projects. These sidestepping provisions in climate-energy laws, made necessary by the failure of EU environmental law to incorporate effective provisions that promote climate change measures, are an incomplete solution that will limit the regulation of an environmentally responsible approach to increased res and are likely to be challenged.
The First Czech Climate Judgment: A Novel Perspective on the State’s Duty to Mitigate and on the Right to a Favourable Environment
Authors: Müllerová Hana , Ač Alexander
Published: November 2022

In June 2022, a Czech climate lawsuit, Klimatická žaloba ČR, z. s. and Others v. Government of the Czech Republic and Others was decided by a first-instance court. The litigation was led against the Czech state for insufficient climate mitigation and adaptation effort. The Municipal Court in Prague largely upheld the plaintiffs’ claim that the Czech mitigation measures adopted to date were contrary to the Paris Agreement; and it found that the country must substantially strengthen its reduction rate of greenhouse gas emissions. This result—the first of its kind in the Czech Republic—was a surprise to many in a country whose courts have been conservative in environmental matters. The judgment fits in well with current trends in climate litigation and follows the arguments of landmark climate cases such as Urgenda. This article provides a summary of the lawsuit and analyses two of the most important parts of the judgment: the court’s reasoning on the state’s obligation to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and its ‘climatic’ interpretation of the fundamental right to a favourable environment, as guaranteed by the Czech Constitution.
Viola ornata and Viola longibracteolata (Violaceae, subgen. Neoandinium), two rare, new rosulate species from southern Peru
Authors: GONZÁLES PAÚL , MONTESINOS-TUBÉE DANIEL B. , WATSON JOHN M. , CANO ASUNCIÓN , TRINIDAD HUBER , NAVARRO EDUARDO , JANS HARRY , SHEADER MARTIN , BALLARD HARVEY E. , FLORES ANA R.
Published: November 2022

Two high Andean taxa from South Peru, Viola ornata and Viola longibracteolata, are described and illustrated. During a series of ecotourism and botanical expeditions in the Moquegua and Arequipa regions, four populations of V. ornata and one population of V. longibracteolata were discovered. Both species are compared with morphologically similar species of subg. Neoandinium. Their resemblances and differences are discussed, including by means of a key. We have determined the potential IUCN status of both new species as Critically Endangered (CR).
A New Species of Ceropegia L. (Apocynaceae) from Uttarakhand, Western Himalaya, India
Authors: KISHOR KAMAL , RAWAT GOPAL S. , SAMANT SHER S.
Published: November 2022

A new species of Ceropegia: C. kumaonensis Kamal Kishor, G.S. Rawat & S.S. Samant from Western Himalaya, Kumaon region of Almora District, Uttarakhand, India is described and illustrated. This newly described species differs from its allied taxa C. attenuatula and C. parvissima in having fascicled cymes with multiple drooping flowers per node, flowers without tube, long corolla lobes and having regularly toothed corona.
First record of the genus Nedinoschiza Cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from the Indian subcontinent with the description of a new species from the Western Ghats
Authors: RANJITH A.P. , PRIYADARSANAN DHARMA RAJAN
Published: November 2022

The Indo-Australian braconine genus, Nedinoschiza Cameron, 1911 is reported for the first time from the Indian subcontinent. A new species, N. indica Ranjith sp. nov. is described and illustrated with the taxonomic key for the extant Nedinoschiza species. The generic diagnosis of Nedinoschiza is revised along with the illustrations of two species viz., N. seminigra (Szépligeti) and N. pinguis Papp.
Taxonomic revision of the genus Waigara Zhang & Webb (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae: Drabescini) with description of a new species from Korea
Authors: KIM EUNJI , JUNG SUNGHOON
Published: November 2022

The genus Waigara Zhang & Webb (Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) is reported for the first time from Korea based on a new species, Waigara planstyla sp. nov.. Morphological information including diagnosis of the genus, descriptions of genitalia and illustrations of the new species, and a key to the species of the genus and type specimen’s habitus and genital photograph with redescription are provided.
One new species of Liara (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Conocephalinae; Agraeciini) from Guangxi
Authors: ZHANG QIANWEN , LU XIANGYI , BIAN XUN
Published: November 2022

One new species of the genus Liara is described, Liara (Liara) longispina sp. nov. (Chinese name: 长刺雅螽) from Guangxi, China. All the specimens are deposited in Guangxi Normal University. Detailed descriptions and illustrations are provided for the new species.
The impact of economic diplomacy on exports: The Portuguese case
Authors: Fernandes Ana , Forte Rosa
Published: November 2022

It is widely recognized that exports contribute to economic growth. Many governments have seen economic diplomacy representation (foreign offices, embassies and consulates) as an important tool to diminish export barriers and foster economic growth. Thus, this study aims at understanding to what extent does the presence of Portuguese economic diplomatic representation in foreign states impact Portuguese exports. Based on merchandise exports to 144 countries for the period between 2008 and 2018, and using a quasi-gravity model of trade, results indicate that ceteris paribus, Portugal exports more to countries which host a Portuguese office and an increase in the number of offices in a foreign country positively affects exports to that country.
Schizoaffective disorder in homeless patients: A systematic review
Authors: Spranger Forte Alexandre , Bento António , Gama Marques João
Published: November 2022

Background:

Schizoaffective psychosis is a severe and chronic psychiatric disorder defined by the presence of mood symptoms, like mania and/or depression and schizophrenia, such as hallucinations and/or delusions.

Aims:

We aim to find out whether there is a correlation between schizoaffective psychosis and being homeless.

Method:

To do so, a literature search was carried out in the PubMed platform in April 2022, using the keywords ‘schizoaffective’ and ‘homeless’.

Results:

In this review, 28 articles from this search were included. Intrinsic characteristics, rates of psychiatric readmission, prediction of homelessness, medication noncompliance, and substance use were explored, as they were the main themes of the results.

Conclusions:

The homeless population suffers from great diagnostic variability and the diagnosis schizoaffective psychosis is still evolving contributing to such diagnostic and treatment difficulties. Their frequent visits to the healthcare services, especially emergency room leads to consequent interaction with multiple healthcare professionals, resulting in a myriad of diagnoses, with clinical remission and therapeutic goals not being attained. More studies are necessary for a better evaluation of this super difficult population.
The Anatomy of Salvation: Robert Grosseteste on Christ’s Death, Passion, and Satisfaction
Authors: Crozier William
Published: November 2022

While Robert Grosseteste’s contribution to the 13th-century debate on the reason for the Incarnation is well known, his novel theory of what caused Christ’s death, and in particular the role which it plays in shaping his understanding of the atonement, has largely gone unexplored. This article first outlines Grosseteste’s belief that Christ died not as a result of the cross, but rather as a result of his divine will, focusing specifically upon on his scientific arguments showing that at the moment of his death Christ’s body was still ‘healthy and whole.’ The article then shows how Grosseteste makes his theory of Christ’s self-immolation central to his account of satisfaction. Particular attention is paid to the role of suffering in Grosseteste’s theory of the redemption and how he places charity and the Aristotelian notion of friendship at the heart of Christ’s satisfactory act, thereby prefiguring something of Aquinas’s key ideas.
Cultural Variations in Perceived Partner Responsiveness: The Role of Self-Consistency
Authors: Choi Hyewon , Oishi Shigehiro
Published: November 2022

Past research has shown that perceived partner responsiveness (PPR) is a key process contributing to individual and relational outcomes and identified dispositional, relational, and situational factors that can influence it. However, little is known about how cultural factors play a role in the process of PPR. In Studies 1 ( n = 4,041) and 2 ( n = 414), we examined whether the degree of PPR differs across cultures by comparing European Americans and East Asians. We found that East Asians are less likely to experience perceived responsiveness from others than European Americans (Cohen’s d = 1.11–1.25 for Study 1 and Cohen’s d = 0.23 for Study 2). Furthermore, we found that self-consistency explained the cultural difference in PPR, indicating that East Asians underperceived partner responsiveness compared with European Americans because they behave less consistently across social situations. We conclude by highlighting the importance of exploring the process of PPR from a cultural perspective.
Civil–Military Relations in the Season of Military Populism: Czechia
Authors: Frič Pavol , Pernica Bohuslav
Published: November 2022

The influx of populism in Europe revived the values of illiberal, authoritarian government. This affects the democratic character of Civil–Military Relations (CMR) in the post-communist countries in particular. We analyzed the development of CMR in Czechia (1992–2022) under the influence of populism (2010–2022). Applying the CMR concept of the shared-democratic-values-perspective, our study provides empirical evidence that persistent shortcomings in formal institutional and informal socialization of Czech officers by values of democracy open a dangerous back door for spreading the values of military populism in the Czech Armed Forces. We argue that such development in the last 10 years has resulted into a formation of illiberal alliances between populist leaders and the military elite and poses a risk of the army being misused to politically support the authoritarian populist government.
Using Behavioral Insights to Market a Workplace Safety Program: Evidence From a Multi-Armed Experiment
Authors: Juras Randall , Gorman Amy , Klerman Jacob Alex
Published: November 2022

This paper describes how a multi-armed randomized experiment was used to test multiple variants of a behaviorally informed marketing strategy. In particular, we tested whether specific behavioral messages could be used to increase demand for a safety consultation service offered by the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Our experiment used a partial factorial design with 19 study arms and a very large research sample—97,182 establishments—to test the impact of various message, formats, and delivery modes compared with an existing (not behaviorally informed) informational brochure and a no-marketing counterfactual. A secondary research goal was to predict the impact of the most successful marketing strategy (i.e., combination of message, format, and mode) so that OSHA would know what to anticipate if that strategy were implemented at scale. We used two related (but distinct) methods to address these two goals. Both begin with a common mixed (i.e., fixed and random effects) ANOVA model. We addressed the first research goal primarily from the fixed effects; we addressed the second research goal by calculating best linear unbiased predictions (BLUPs) from the full mixed model, where the BLUP involves “shrinkage” as in empirical Bayes (EB) approaches. Marketing via brochures was effective overall, nearly doubling the rate of requests for services. However, the behaviorally informed materials performed no better than OSHA’s existing informational brochure. This study also highlights the conditions under which a factorial design can be used to efficiently address questions about which of several program variants are most effective.
Point-of-care Lung Ultrasound, Lung CT and NEWS to Predict Adverse Outcomes and Mortality in COVID-19 Associated Pneumonia
Authors: Bardakci Okan , Daş Murat , Akdur Gökhan , Akman Canan , Siddikoğlu Duygu , Şimşek Güven , Kaya Feyyaz , Atalay Ünzile , Topal M. Taha , Beyazit Fatma , Ünal Çetin Ece , Akdur Okhan , Beyazit Yavuz
Published: November 2022

Introduction: The appraisal of disease severity and prediction of adverse outcomes using risk stratification tools at early disease stages is crucial to diminish mortality from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). While lung ultrasound (LUS) as an imaging technique for the diagnosis of lung diseases has recently gained a leading position, data demonstrating that it can predict adverse outcomes related to COVID-19 is scarce. The main aim of this study is therefore to assess the clinical significance of bedside LUS in COVID-19 patients who presented to the emergency department (ED). Methods: Patients with a confirmed diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia admitted to the ED of our hospital between March 2021 and May 2021 and who underwent a 12-zone LUS and a lung computed tomography scan were included prospectively. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard models were used to predict adverse events, which was our primary outcome. The secondary outcome was to discover the association of LUS score and computed tomography severity score (CT-SS) with the composite endpoints. Results: We assessed 234 patients [median age 59.0 (46.8-68.0) years; 59.4% M), including 38 (16.2%) in-hospital deaths for any cause related to COVID-19. Higher LUS score and CT-SS was found to be associated with ICU admission, intubation, and mortality. The LUS score predicted mortality risk within each stratum of NEWS. Pairwise analysis demonstrated that after adjusting a base prediction model with LUS score, significantly higher accuracy was observed in predicting both ICU admission (DBA −0.067, P = .011) and in-hospital mortality (DBA −0.086, P = .017). Conclusion: Lung ultrasound can be a practical prediction tool during the course of COVID-19 and can quantify pulmonary involvement in ED settings. It is a powerful predictor of ICU admission, intubation, and mortality and can be used as an alternative for chest computed tomography while monitoring COVID-19-related adverse outcomes.
Mediations of the Super-Exploitation of Labor in the Thought of Ruy Mauro Marini
Authors: Sotelo Valencia Adrián
Published: November 2022

The super-exploitation of labor is the key category of the Marxist Theory of Dependency. However, its essential role is difficult to grasp at first glance. The hypothesis we propose in this paper is that its understanding and treatment require mediations in function of the dialectical totality that constitute the category of the super-exploitation of labor itself—that is, an analysis of the unity of the multiple relations, conditions, and determinations that constitute and explain it as a phenomenon. Only in this way can the super-exploitation of labor be understood as a category that is both determining and determined by mediations in which not only economic but also social and political dimensions intervene.
Time to Burn? Characteristics of Hydroxocobalamin Administration in an Academic Medical Center
Authors: Wong Edric , Dodson Nicholas , Wagner Sam , Thornton Stephen
Published: November 2022

Background/Objective: Hydroxocobalamin is indicated for cyanide poisoning and its package insert states it should be given “without delay”. We sought to evaluate time to administration and clinical characteristics when hydroxocobalamin was administered in a quaternary care academic medical center. Methods: All hydroxocobalamin administrations from January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2018 were analyzed. Data points recorded were: carboxyhemoglobin, cyanide and methemoglobin levels, hospital time and course, time and dose of hydroxocobalamin administration, lactate and bicarbonate levels, initial and nadir pH, initial heart rate, and initial and lowest systolic blood pressure. Results: Fifty-six cases were identified. One case was excluded as hydroxocobalamin was administered for nitroprusside toxicity. Among 55 cases analyzed, 93% (n = 51) were adults. Median hospital length of stay was 4.3 days (IQR 2.5 to 12). Burn, inhalation injury, and smoke inhalation were 80% of admitting diagnoses. Median time to hydroxocobalamin administration was 208 minutes (IQR 62.5 to 330). Eleven of 55 cases died. Hydroxocobalamin was given within 60 minutes of arrival in 12 cases, of which 3 died. All adults received 5 g of hydroxocobalamin. Time to hydroxocobalamin administration was longer in death cases [median: 221 minutes (IQR 119 to 594)] vs survivors [median: 184.5 minutes (IQR 62.8 to 315)]. Seventeen cases had cyanide levels drawn, with 9 being measurable, but none were toxic. Conclusions: Significant delay in hydroxocobalamin administration was seen in this study. Cases that resulted in death had significantly longer times to hydroxocobalamin administration. Further studies are warranted to identify reasons for delays in hydroxocobalamin administration.
Association between early immunophenotypic changes and therapeutic response of belimumab in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Hirano Aiko , Fujioka Kazuki , Kida Takashi , Omura Satoshi , Sofue Hideaki , Sakashita Aki , Sagawa Tomoya , Isoda Yu , Kasahara Akiko , Sagawa Risa , Fujii Wataru , Seno Takahiro , Wada Makoto , Kohno Masataka , Kawahito Yutaka
Published: November 2022

Belimumab is a therapeutic medication that inhibits the B-cell-activating factor (BAFF) used for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE); however, the response sometimes varies among individuals, even when patients are stratified based on general clinical characteristics. Therefore, we focused on immunological phenotypic changes with belimumab, investigated their association with subsequent clinical courses, and sought to identify relevant immunological indicators to stratify patients who would benefit from belimumab. We assessed changes in B and T cell phenotypes, as well as BAFF-related factors, such as levels of BAFF and a proliferation-inducing ligand, and expression of three BAFF receptors: BAFF receptor (BAFF-R), B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA), transmembrane activator and cyclophilin ligand interactor (TACI), in 19 patients with SLE who were treated with belimumab before and 3 months after treatment. First, to visualize patterns in complex and diverse data, we summarized B cell changes such as subsets and BAFF receptor expressions into two axes, the first and second principal components (PC1 and PC2), and characterized broad phenotypic changes by cluster analysis. Next, we evaluated whether the B cell changes represented by PC1 and PC2 were associated with other concurrent phenotypic changes, baseline factors, and treatment response at 6 months. We found that lower PC2, indicating increased BAFF-R expression and decreased percentage of naïve B cells, was associated with a subsequent therapeutic response at 6 months (odds ratio 5.3, 95% confidence interval 1.2–24, p = .031). Furthermore, higher percentages of effector memory CD3+CD4+ T cells at baseline were associated with lower PC2 and therapeutic response. Further analysis revealed that increased PC1, as reflected by increased BCMA and TACI expression and an increase in the percentage of class-switched memory B cells, was associated with both T and B cell activation. Although belimumab is a B-cell targeted therapy, it can also influence T-cell phenotypes. Thus, early B cell changes could be used to predict treatment response, and their changes could be predicted from baseline T cell phenotypes, indicating the importance of B and T cell interactions.
Moving Beyond Formal Truth Practices and Forensic Truth in the Syrian Conflict: How Informal Truth Practices Contribute to Thicker Understandings of Truth
Authors: Herremans Brigitte , Destrooper Tine
Published: November 2022

Truth is a central concept in the struggle for justice for Syrians. Many justice actors have turned to the tools and rhetoric of transitional justice to further the quest for justice and truth. Yet, while doing so has allowed them to generate some international attention for victims, the transitional justice paradigm has several pitfalls. For one, the dominant understanding of truth and truth-seeking embraced in formal mechanisms tends to be narrowly defined as forensic truth. We argue on the basis of interviews with Syrian justice actors and artists that informal, including artistic, practices can entail a thicker understanding of truth. They have the potential to disrupt several shortcomings of forensic understanding of truth and formal practices. They can ‘presence’ experiences of harm, accommodate multivocal truths, and enable epistemic resistance. Therefore, we consider how transitional justice as a field of scholarship and practice could better engage with truth-seeking in inconclusive contexts where formal truth mechanisms may be unavailable.
Accessibility of Small and Medium Enterprises to Institutional Credit in Emerging Economies—Bangladesh Setting
Authors: Ali Md. Rostam , Ahmed Rustom Ali , Tisha Rushafa Tasnim , Islam Md. Nazmul
Published: November 2022

Though SMEs have low accessibility to institutional credit, this accessibility may reduce the cost of capital. Therefore, this study explores field level status of accessibility of SMEs to institutional credit along with finding out the causes of low accessibility. Descriptive statistics, accounting and financial techniques, and a logistic regression model are applied to analyse the data. This study finds a demand and supply gap of SME credit. Moreover, SMEs have to bear some additional costs besides the interest of institutional credit. Banks are more conscious regarding their loan’s safety and security in the SME sector. Therefore, SMEs are facing difficulties in getting access to institutional credit. Again, SME entrepreneurs are not concerned regarding the interest rate of institutional credit, which ensures that the entrepreneurs are capable enough to earn more than the cost of institutional credit. By the study’s findings, respective government authorities, Bangladesh Bank, banks, other financial institutions and SME entrepreneurs can get a guideline to enhance the credit flow in the SME sector.
Perspectives of School Leaders on Supporting Learners With Special Education Needs During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Ethic of Care Analysis
Authors: FitzGerald Carolyn , MacCormack Jeffrey , Sider Steve
Published: November 2022

The ethic of care is a moral philosophy that has been used to describe and guide the work of educators, especially those working with students with special education needs (SEN). In this study, 36 principals and vice principals from four provinces in Canada were interviewed about their work with students with SEN during the pandemic. Responses were analyzed using the ethic of care framework. Accordingly, responses indicated that principals were particularly aware of, and responsive towards, the wide range of need experienced by students, their families, and school staff. Principals appeared especially concerned about the social needs of their students with SEN, the emotional support needs of the students’ families, and the teachers’ distress at not being able to meet all the educational needs of their students. Although most principals described the emotional toll of their work during the pandemic, none identified efforts directed towards self-care. This paper considers these findings in regard to motivational displacement as it relates to an ethic of care and calls for a broader consideration of need within education, such that support is extended to students, school staff and school leaders as the most effective means to foster healthy, future-ready schools. Key words: pandemic, principal, inclusive education, ethic of care, mental health.
Variation architecture for reducing unnecessary variants in modular product family design by domain mapping and variant-level planning
Authors: Oh Kwansuk , Lim Jongwook , Hong Yoo Suk
Published: November 2022

One of the major challenges in variety management of modular product families is to prevent continuously generated variants of design elements. This paper aims to provide guidance on how manufacturing companies can reduce a large number of variants that have already increased from the existing product architectures. This paper introduces a new concept of architecture named variation architecture ( VA) in which relationships between variants in the market, design, and production domains are arranged explicitly for planning variety of a modular product family. Since the VA includes two perspectives which are domain mapping and variant-level planning, it can help companies to systematically establish complex relationships between variants across the domains. This paper describes elements of the three domains, relationship types between elements, and four categories of relationship rules called management rules at the variant-level planning. A framework is proposed for reducing variants through the VA to demonstrate its applicability. In the case study, we apply the framework to a front chassis family having a large number of variants and show that the VA significantly reduces unnecessary variants compared to the currently being produced.
The Effect of Property Assessment Reductions on Homeownership: A Quasi-Dynamic Economic Analysis
Authors: Alfaro Fernanda , Paredes Dusan , Skidmore Mark
Published: November 2022

This article evaluates the impacts of reductions in residential effective tax rates on homeownership in Detroit, Michigan. The decline in effective tax rates was driven by a citywide reassessment that significantly reduced effective tax rates. These estimates are used to infer the potential impacts of moving from a traditional property tax to a split-rate tax in which the tax rate applied to land is higher than the tax rate applied to structures. Using Detroit parcel-level data over the years 2012–2019, we find that tax reductions resulting from property reassessment generated a very small net decrease in homeownership. Our evaluation suggests that moving to a split rate tax would likely result in a minimal change in the homeownership rate in Detroit.
Evaluation of the time required to complete a cataract training program on EyeSi surgical simulator during the first-year residency
Authors: Mathis Thibaud , Mouchel Romain , Malecaze Jean , Garcin Thibaud , Mautuit Thibaud , Kodjikian Laurent , Burillon Carole , Druette Loïc , Denis Philippe
Published: November 2022

Purpose

To evaluate the time required to complete a cataract training program for first-year ophthalmology residents using the EyeSi simulator. In addition, evaluate whether the simulator improves virtual performance of cataract surgery during the program.

Methods

We prospectively included first-year ophthalmology residents who had no experience of cataract surgery. The EyeSi simulator was used, and residents were able to follow the cataract training program, including course A (the easiest) through to course D (the hardest). In course B and above, a “cataract challenge” is proposed to the trainee every hour of simulation.

Results

A total of 24 participants were included in the study. During the study period, the mean (SD) total time spent on the surgical simulator was 815.6 (174.7) minutes. All the participants completed courses A and B within a mean (SD) of 366.7 (108.0) minutes. A total of 22 residents (91.7%) residents completed course C, and 5 (20.8%) course D. The mean (SD) best score on cataract challenge was 445.6/500 (40.2; range: 330–493) and was obtained in a mean (SD) 7.6 (2.6) attempts. All the residents obtained a score ≥ 60%. The best score in cataract challenge was not correlated to the time spent to achieve courses A and B (r = -0.37, p = 0.0726).

Conclusions

The time required to complete a basic cataract training program is possible during the first-year residency. The scores obtained in the cataract challenge also increased during the training program and should lead to better surgery skills in these young ophthalmologists.
Enhancing social media engagement by the hospitality industry: The power of customer experience dimensions
Authors: Gomez-Suarez Monica , Veloso Mónica
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this study is to explore how publications on social media related to hotel experience influence key customer purchasing behaviour variables, thereby extending research concerning guests’ decision-making processes by demonstrating empirically that attachment is a mediating variable between engagement and booking intention. The study also aims to identify the type of online publications focused on hotel experiential dimensions that offers the best results in terms of users’ affective responses. Based on a panel survey of 1279 potential hotel guests conducted in January 2021, a multi-group model shows that interactions with social media content improve brand attachment and booking intention. In addition, the experiential dimensions have a moderating effect. Publications that refer to localization produce better outcomes than those produced by guest mentions and ambience. These results suggest guidance for hotel managers regarding communication strategies for social media based on experience cues, interaction and the establishment of emotional bonds with potential customers.
First-year writing in the humanities and social sciences: Requirements, expectations, and perceived weaknesses
Authors: Ismayilli Karakoc Aynur , Ruegg Rachael , Gu Peter
Published: November 2022

This study aimed to explore writing requirements and lecturer expectations in first-year humanities and social science courses at a New Zealand university. Document analysis and lecturer interviews were used to collect data. The document analysis included writing assignment types, rhetorical functions of writing tasks, and descriptors in marking rubrics. Eight lecturers were interviewed to discuss their expectations of academic writing and perceptions of students’ writing problems. It was found that writing tasks require students to construct evidence-based scholarly arguments grounded on concepts from course readings. Students are expected to show their understanding and critical engagement with the readings, select ideas to strengthen their arguments and evaluate authors’ arguments. Counter-arguments are not required, but showing an awareness of different perspectives is important. Summarization is important for writing, but it is not often assigned as a stand-alone task in this context. These are the areas which challenge students, according to the lecturers. The findings imply that reading and writing instruction should be integrated, and rigid preformulated forms of writing should not be taught, particularly in high-level writing classes. Students need to be prepared to evaluate sources, integrate source ideas into their own essays, and construct scholarly arguments. Implications are discussed for teaching and assessment of writing as well as assessment of integrated reading and writing.
Overcoming tensions between family-centered care and fidelity within Early Intervention implementation research
Authors: Pickard Katherine , Wainer Allison , Broder-Fingert Sarabeth , Sheldrick R. Christopher , Stahmer Aubyn C.
Published: November 2022

The Part C Early Intervention system has been a focus of translational efforts in the autism field, as it is an entry point to services during a critical window of early development. Although Early Intervention systems are perceived as a promising setting in which to implement evidence-based practices for autism, implementation efforts seldom account for the unique service delivery model of Early Intervention systems, which emphasize family-centered care. The principles of family-centered care may at times pose tradeoffs to the implementation of manualized evidence-based practices and, thus, are pertinent to consider within implementation research being conducted within these systems. This commentary highlights family-centered care as an important factor of service delivery in Early Intervention systems that deserve greater attention. We lay out how family-centered care provides a framework for evaluating evidence-based practice adaptation in Early Intervention systems, how it may impact the adoption and implementation of evidence-based practices, and directions for future research to evaluate the impact of family-centered care alongside evidence-based practice delivery. Measuring family-centered care as part of research within Early Intervention systems may shift the autism field to a more balanced view of fidelity as both delivering core evidence-based practice components in a manner that closely align with fundamental tenants of Early Intervention systems.

Lay Abstract

Early Intervention systems provide therapeutic services to families of young children birth to 3 years with developmental delays and are considered a natural access point to services for young children and their families. Research studies in the autism field have been interested in training providers to deliver evidence-based practices in Early Intervention systems to increase access to services for young children with an increased likelihood of being autistic. However, research has often overlooked that Early Intervention systems prioritize family-centered care, an approach to working with families that honors and respects their values and choices and that provides supports to strengthen family functioning. This commentary points out that family-centered care deserves greater attention in research being done in Early Intervention systems. We describe how family-centered care may shape how interventions are delivered, and discuss directions for future research to evaluate the impact of family-centered care alongside intervention delivery.
Fracture simulation of welded RHS X-joints using GTN damage model
Authors: Yan Rui , Xin Haohui , Mela Kristo , El Bamby Hagar , Veljkovic Milan
Published: November 2022

A welded rectangular hollow section (RHS) X-joint exposed to tension loading has three typical fracture-related failure modes: Punching shear failure (PSF), Brace failure (BF), and Chord side wall failure (CSWF). Prediction of these failure modes by finite element (FE) simulations requires modelling of the material damage. An appropriate damage model accurately predicts the behaviour of the fracture zone and provides the necessary information to improve design rules for welded high-strength steel (HSS) RHS X-joints based on parametric studies using validated model. In this paper, the parameters of the Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman (GTN) damage model are calibrated for the base material (BM) and the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of butt-welded cold-formed RHS connections, no fracture appeared in the weld. A computational homogenisation analysis is carried out using representative volume element (RVE) models to calibrate the pressure-dependent yield surface parameters of the GTN damage model, considering the different combinations of the accumulated initial hardening strain and the void volume fraction (VVF) due to a varying stress triaxiality. The critical and final VVFs are calibrated against tensile coupon tests. Finally, the GTN damage models calibrated for BM and HAZ are used in the fracture simulation of nine welded cold-formed RHS X-joints in monotonic tension. The FE model successfully predicts the experimental load-displacement relationships and fractured zone, indicating the calibrated GTN models could effectively be used in parametric study of welded cold-formed RHS X-joints. Finally, possible improvements to the used FE model are outlined for future studies.
Modelling of hazardous chemical gas building ingress and consequence analysis during a leak accident
Authors: Wu Mei , Zhang Guang-Wei , An Zi-Ying , Liu Xiao-Ping
Published: November 2022

Leakage of hazardous chemical gases during storage or transport via roadways is a common type of accident that threatens human life. This study built a typical residential building model in rural areas of southern China based on Building Information Model technology. The model was then simplified and employed as a target building to simulate the hazardous gas dispersion around it after a leak accident by means of Computational Fluid Dynamic methods. A dose-response model was combined with a probit function analysis to quantitatively identify the exposure risks for different scenarios. The impacts of source location and ventilation path on the dispersion characteristics were analyzed through comparisons of indoor concentration distributions. In addition, the study also quantified the relationship between individual mortality risk and the source intensity by employing H2S as a source of toxic substances. If the source strength was increased by 2.5 times for the same ventilation path, the corresponding mortality rates can improve from 0.1 to 99%. The findings provide effective information about rapid consequence evaluation after accidental leakage of hazardous chemical gas and could be helpful in proposing effective emergency measures to minimize the exposure risk in roadside buildings.
The perceived impact of project ECHO networks in Northern Ireland for health and social care providers, patients, and the health system: A qualitative analysis
Authors: Jenkins Chris , Diffin Janet , McTernaghan Tracey , Watson Max , Fleming Kate
Published: November 2022

This study assesses the perceived impact and benefits of Project ECHO (Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes), a tele-mentoring intervention for health and social care providers, patients and the health system in Northern Ireland. Having access to a specialist, a space to share experiences, and being able to disseminate up-to-date best practice were all cited as improving provider knowledge as well as improving quality of care for patients. Healthcare providers reported being more confident in managing patients and that relationships had been improved between different levels of the health system. ECHO was described as improving access to education and training by removing geographic and time barriers. This is one of the first studies to qualitatively analyse impact across a number of different clinical and social care ECHO networks. The results strongly indicate the perceived benefit of ECHO in improving provider, patient and health system outcomes such as increased healthcare provider knowledge and confidence to manage patients at primary levels of the health system. This has implications for future service design, particularly within the context of COVID-19 in which virtual and online training is necessitated by social distancing requirements.
Decision support system for the differentiation of schizophrenia and mood disorders using multiple deep learning models on wearable devices data
Authors: Nguyen Duc-Khanh , Chan Chien-Lung , Li Ai-Hsien A , Phan Dinh-Van , Lan Chung-Hsien
Published: November 2022

In the modern world, with so much inherent stress, mental health disorders (MHDs) are becoming more common in every country around the globe, causing a significant burden on society and patients’ families. MHDs come in many forms with various severities of symptoms and differing periods of suffering, and as a result it is difficult to differentiate between them and simple to confuse them with each other. Therefore, we propose a support system that employs deep learning (DL) with wearable device data to provide physicians with an objective reference resource by which to make differential diagnoses and plan treatment. We conducted experiments on open datasets containing activity motion signal data from wearable devices to identify schizophrenia and mood disorders (bipolar and unipolar), the datasets being named Psykose and Depresjon. The results showed that, in both workflow approaches, the proposed framework performed well in comparison with the traditional machine learning (ML) and DL methods. We concluded that applying DL models using activity motion signal data from wearable devices represents a prospective objective support system for MHD differentiation with a good performance.
The art of repair: naming violence in the work of FX Harsono
Authors: Strassler Karen
Published: November 2022

Since the end of authoritarian rule in Indonesia in 1998 and the anti-Chinese violence that attended it, the artist FX Harsono has created a series of works addressing the name as a site of racialized state violence, cultural identity, erasure, recovery, and repair. Through an examination of Harsono’s works, this article asks: How can art put forward a reparative vision in a context of impunity, forgetting, and ongoing discrimination? How do the sonic and visual qualities of ethnic Chinese names register affective claims of resilience and survival against a backdrop of violence and loss? Rather than focus on exposing past harms or demanding redress, Harsono’s artworks render visible the quiet, partial, and persistent repair-work undertaken within the ethnic Chinese community in the aftermath of violence, and use these practices as an idiom for an art of repair addressed to the broader Indonesian community.
Re-processing archival images: artists as darkroom technicians
Authors: Nguyễn Jacqueline Hoàng
Published: November 2022

This article argues for the need to reflect on how contemporary artists use archival documents as a form of visual reparation. Artists Deanna Bowen, Krista Belle Stewart and Jacqueline Hoàng Nguyễn developed strategies for critically casting the past into the present in their own video work by relying on state-sanctioned archival images, specifically documents produced by and kept by the Canadian Broadcasting Company (CBC), once intended for a white audience. The author argues that these artists rely on their corporeal knowledge as, in photographic terminology, developer baths for re-processing latent historical images. The nexus of production labour and artistic research by self-identified BIPOC (Black, Indigenous, and People(s) of Colour) artists becomes a site for creative reparations and for a future world-making.
Challenges in managing patients on anticoagulation: Thrombocytopenia, resumption after bleeding and recurrent thrombosis
Authors: Swan Dawn , Thachil Jecko
Published: November 2022

Prescribing of anticoagulation is increasing worldwide. This is partly reflective of an aging population with cardiovascular comorbidities such as arrhythmias and prosthetic heart valves, alongside improvements in cancer treatments and survival. In this review, we discuss three common challenges faced by clinicians. These concern the management of patients with thrombosis and thrombocytopenia, resumption of anticoagulation in patients with a history of gastrointestinal or intracranial haemorrhage, and how to approach and treat a patient with recurrent thrombosis on anticoagulation. We consider the available evidence including relevant published recommendations and propose practical management suggestions to aid clinicians faced with these dilemmas.
Nonwoven carbonized viscose mat for outstanding electromagnetic shielding, fast electrical heating and fire alarm
Authors: Hong Xinghua , Shi Menghan , Sun Wei , Lao Hongfeng , Qian Junnan , Qiu Haibing
Published: November 2022

Disposable face towel derived amorphous carbon prepared by annealing for broad and exacting applications in electromagnetic shielding, electrical heating, etc. This mat with 3D conductive network formed by nonwoven viscose fiber structure gives an outstanding electromagnetic shielding performance of 30 dB and 8161 dB/(g/cm2) at a thickness of 0.168 mm in the frequency range of 0.3–3.0 GHz. In addition, the as prepared mat presents excellent temperature & strain sensing with exceptional sensitivity (BS = 5.5%), and favorable flexibility (1000 bending cycles without fracture). Moreover, the mat provides well Joule heating performance, and the heating temperature can reach over 60°C in 32 seconds under 0.25 A current. More interestingly, the mat shows excellent fire alarm with a fast response (84 ms) and high operating temperature (>500°C). This method provides a simple and low-cost new method for radiation protection, temperature detection, fire alarm and other fields.