bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MICROSTRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF FORCEMEATS OF READY-TO-COOK CHOPPED MEAT WITH FUNCTIONAL INGREDIENTS
Authors: Paska M. , Bal-Prylypko L. , Masliichuk O. , Lychuk M.
Published: January 2019

Meat products, at different technological stages and as finished articles, retain their morphological features. Microstructure analysis of the raw material, ready-to-cook products, or finished articles allows determining the presence of certain types of tissues, organs, spices – and low-value admixtures the recipe does not provide for, as well as reused raw materials. Microstructural studies of ready-to-cook chopped meat products allows identifying their components, establishing different properties of various tissue and cellular structures, and controlling the articles manufactured. Minced beef as the object of research was modified, with 5 %, 10 %, 15 % of the meat part replaced with lupin flour and 0.5% of elecampane root powder added as aromatic raw material. For microscopic examination, samples of the forcemeats developed were put marks on and fixed in a 10 % neutral formalin solution. The sections, as thick as 0.5–1 cm, were cut on a sledge microtome. They were stained with haematoxylin and eosin, and the PAS reaction. Light microscopy and microphotography of the tissue specimens were performed with a microscope Leica DM 2500 and a camera Leica DFC 450C with the software Leica aplitation suite 4.4. The micrographic investigation of the forcemeats revealed polygonal and round muscle fibres (their dark nuclei were clearly seen under the sarcolemma), concentrations of adipose tissue histologically characterized by a reticulate structure. In the microphotographs, lupin flour looks like groups of round light purple cytoplasm with dark purple nuclei in the centre of polygonal cells; bread looks like loose brown fibres; wavy violet fibres represent onions; and single dark brown spots marked elecampane. It has been shown that histological studies, with the PAS reaction used, are helpful in determining the meat and plant content in the ready-to-cook meat developed, and that haematoxylin and eosin can help determine the functional ingredients content.
Resilience: a nationwide study of medical educators
Authors: Chan Linda , Dennis Ashley
Published: January 2019

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Background: Medical educators have the potential to play an important role in addressing resilience issues across the medical education continuum. Yet, limited research has explored this cohort, particularly in the UK context. This study aims to address this gap by exploring resilience and the factors that relate to resilience in UK medical educators. Methods: A cross-sectional online questionnaire was employed. It contained the validated Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale 25 (CD-RISC-25) and Patient Health Questionnaire-8 (PHQ-8), for determining medical educator resilience and depression levels respectively. Sociodemographic characteristics were also collected to identify potential factors associated with resilience. Finally, participants identified factors that facilitated or undermined their resilience through open-ended questions. Data was analysed using quantitative (e.g. multiple regression analysis), and qualitative (i.e. thematic framework analysis) approaches. Results: Among 244 UK participants, the mean CD-RISC-25 score was 72.9 and standard deviation 10.3. The PHQ-8 score was the only significant negative predictor identified (B = -1.22, p < 0.001). Other sociodemographic variables examined were not found to be predictors of CD-RISC-25 scores. Educators identified multidimensional factors influencing their resilience, but predominately viewed internal factors as being supportive, and external factors as undermining. Conclusions: Medical educators in this study had resilience levels that were comparable to other population samples. The study also highlights the importance of considering external factors, such as contextual and sociocultural influences, in addition to individual factors when addressing resilience.
Additional information on reproductive behavior of the Red-breasted Toucan, Ramphastos dicolorus (Aves: Piciformes: Ramphastidae)
Authors: Perrella Daniel Fernandes , Guida Fernanda Junqueira Vaz
Published: January 2019

Abstract: Ramphastidae is Family of secondary cavity-nesting birds that is endemic to the Neotropical region. Here we provide a comprehensive literature review of nest measurements, and new information on characteristics of the nest cavity, parental nest attendance, incubation and nestling period of the Red-breasted Toucan, Ramphastos dicolorus. We also add information on the origin of the seeds found inside toucan nests and propose a potential function for them. Eight nests were studied in three cavities during six breeding seasons at Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga, São Paulo, and at a private allotment in Ibiúna, southeastern Brazil. The reproductive activities of the birds were observed from September to February. In one cavity, we found the first record of a Meliponini bee hive (Scaptotrigona bipunctata) co-existing with a toucan nest. At the beginning of the nesting season, the parents regurgitate seeds on the floor of the cavity, covering it with them. This preparation plays a role in nest sanitation, once the seeds act as a substrate for the feces facilitating the process of carrying them off the nest by the female. The incubation and nestling periods lasted 17.2 ± 1.2 and 43 ± 5.4 days, respectively, and both parents shared egg incubation, nestling, brooding and provisioning, but only the female performed nest sanitation. This differs from published observations on other species of the group, suggesting that the participation of each sex in nest attendance may not be the same for all ramphastids. Additionally, our observations suggest that selecting anthropic locations for nesting can negatively influence toucan nest success.
Refining the Use of Adjuvant Oxaliplatin in Clinical Stage II or III Rectal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Margalit Ofer , Mamtani Ronac , Kopetz Scott , Yang Yu-Xiao , Lawrence Yaacov R. , Abu-Gazala Samir , Reiss Kim A. , Golan Talia , Halpern Naama , Aderka Dan , Giantonio Bruce , Shacham-Shmueli Einat , Boursi Ben
Published: January 2019

Background

Current guidelines include the use of adjuvant oxaliplatin in clinical stage II or III rectal adenocarcinoma. However, its efficacy is supported by a single phase II trial. We aimed to examine whether oxaliplatin confers survival benefit in this patient population.

Methods

Using the National Cancer Database (2006–2013) we identified 6,868 individuals with clinical stage II or III rectal adenocarcinoma treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, surgery, and adjuvant chemotherapy. We used multivariate Cox regression to evaluate survival differences according to treatment intensity and change from clinical to pathological stage.

Results

We demonstrated an association with improved overall survival with the use of doublet adjuvant chemotherapy in pathological stage III rectal adenocarcinoma (hazard ratio [HR], 0.78; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.67–0.92). This association was confirmed in patients with clinical stage III and subsequent pathological stage III disease (HR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.57–0.83) and was not observed in patients who progressed from clinical stage II to pathological stage III disease. Doublet adjuvant chemotherapy was not associated with improved overall survival in patients with pathological stage 0 or I disease, regardless of their clinical stage.

Conclusion

Adjuvant oxaliplatin following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in rectal adenocarcinoma was confirmed in patients with clinical stage III and subsequent pathological stage III disease. Omission of oxaliplatin can be considered in pathological complete response or pathological stage I disease.
Bridge: Person-Centered Collaborative Care for Patients with Serious Mental Illness and Cancer
Authors: Irwin Kelly E. , Park Elyse R. , Fields Lauren E. , Corveleyn Amy E. , Greer Joseph A. , Perez Giselle K. , Callaway Catherine A. , Jacobs Jamie M. , Nierenberg Andrew A. , Temel Jennifer S. , Ryan David P. , Pirl William F.
Published: January 2019

Background

Individuals with serious mental illness (SMI) experience increased cancer mortality due to inequities in cancer treatment. Psychiatric care at cancer diagnosis may improve care delivery, yet models for integrating psychiatry and cancer care are lacking. We assessed the feasibility and acceptability of a person-centered collaborative care trial for SMI and cancer.

Subjects, Materials, and Methods

We developed the Bridge intervention for patients with SMI (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and severe major depression) and cancer. Bridge includes proactive identification of SMI, person-centered care from a psychiatrist and case manager, and collaboration with oncology. We conducted a 12-week, single-group trial in patients with SMI and a new breast, gastrointestinal, lung, or head/neck cancer. We assessed the feasibility of patient identification, enrollment and study completion; evaluated acceptability and perceived benefit with exit interviews with patients, caregivers, and oncology clinicians; and examined change in psychiatric symptoms with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS).

Results

From November 2015 to April 2016, 30/33 eligible patients (90.9%) enrolled, and 25/29 (86.2%) completed assessments at all timepoints, meeting feasibility criteria. Of 24 patients, 23 (95.8%) found meeting with the psychiatrist helpful; 16/19 caregivers (84.2%) shared that Bridge addressed key caregiving challenges. Oncology clinicians evaluated Bridge as “very” or “most” useful for 94.3% of patients. Exit interviews with all participant groups suggested that Bridge fostered patient-clinician trust, increased access to psychiatric treatment, and enabled patients to initiate and complete cancer treatment. Psychiatric symptoms on the BPRS improved from baseline to 12 weeks.

Conclusion

Bridge is a feasible and acceptable care delivery model for patients with SMI, their caregivers, and oncology clinicians. Randomized trials are warranted to assess the efficacy of improving cancer outcomes in this underserved population.
Simulador de custos para gestão de riscos de acidentes de trabalho
Authors: Eyerkaufer Marino Luiz , Bonfante Ernani Augusto , Dallabona Lara Fabiana , Fabre Valkyrie Vieira
Published: January 2019

Os acidentes de trabalho são recorrentes desde os primórdios. No Brasil, apesar de órgãos reguladores e empresas terem se esforçado em ampliar a segurança nas últimas décadas, as estatísticas são alarmantes e as consequências atingem empresas, funcionários e familiares, além de afetar a economia da nação, atingindo toda a sociedade. A literatura parece unânime quanto aos benefícios da aplicação de recursos em segurança, mas observa-se uma lacuna em relação à composição desses custos – em quê e quanto aplicar – além da mensuração financeira. Assim, o estudo objetiva desenvolver ferramenta de simulação de custos para gestão de risco de acidentes de trabalho. Trata-se de pesquisa descritiva, qualitativa e que apresenta um modelo inédito na literatura, que traz contribuições singulares à gestão de risco de acidente de trabalho, com base na metodologia de gerenciamento de riscos e desastres adotada pela Proteção e Defesa Civil no Brasil e no mundo, compreendendo as fases antes, durante e depois dos desastres. Utilizam-se elementos de custos, com proposta de nova classificação a ser empregada na gestão de riscos de acidente de trabalho. Culmina em um simulador de custos que permite ao gestor equilibrar suas finanças em cada fase do ciclo de gestão proposto. O modelo foi validado em estudo de caso real, concluindo-se que os custos das fases de prevenção, mitigação e preparação são melhores que os de resposta e recuperação, pois trata-se de dor e vida poupadas, além de recursos financeiros. O modelo permite generalização, já que os elementos de custos podem ser adaptados a diferentes ramos de atividade. A proposta é utilizar a nova classificação dos custos para gerenciamento dos riscos de acidente de trabalho, com base no simulador modelo apresentado.
Evidências de isomorfismo na gestão de custos de entidades sem fins lucrativos do Brasil
Authors: Coelho Danilo José Campos , Callado Antônio André Cunha
Published: January 2019

Esta pesquisa objetivou analisar evidências de isomorfismo nos hábitos, rotinas e sistemas de custeio da gestão de custos das 100 melhores entidades sem fins lucrativos do Brasil em 2017, listadas pelo Instituto DOAR e pela Revista Época. O estudo caracteriza-se como exploratório-descritivo, de abordagem quantitativa. A coleta de dados deu-se mediante survey. Todas as 100 entidades foram contatadas e somente 30 destas responderam ao questionário. Analisou-se a relação entre as variáveis de agrupamento referentes ao perfil das entidades e dos respondentes, bem como as variáveis pertinentes aos sistemas de custeio dos hábitos e rotinas da gestão de custos e aos benefícios e dificuldades encontradas na gestão de custos, para encontrar evidências de isomorfismo. Os resultados do teste de correlação de Spearman, ao nível de confiança de 95%, apontam evidências de isomorfismo na gestão de custos das entidades analisadas.
Ruling the Sea
Authors: Nemeth Stephen C , Nyman Elizabeth A , Hensel Paul R , Mitchell Sara McLaughlin
Published: January 2019

Maritime issues have gained international prominence in recent decades, fueled by the decline in global fishing catches, the scramble for oil and mineral resources, and states’ desire to lay sovereign claims to their maritime spaces. States are willing to use militarized force to defend their maritime claims, as the UK-Iceland "Cod Wars" and militarized confrontations between Greece and Turkey in the Aegean Sea demonstrate. This paper evaluates two primary mechanisms for resolving maritime conflicts: 1) the creation of private ownership of maritime zones in the form of Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs), and 2) the creation of an institution, the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), to establish standards for maritime claims and the resolution of disputes. We evaluate the effects of UNCLOS and EEZs on the peaceful and militarized management of maritime claims in the Western Hemisphere and Europe (1900-2001) and the long-run effects of privatization and institutionalization on marine fishing stocks (1950-2003). Our analyses suggest that declared EEZs work efficiently for helping states to reach agreements over maritime claims in bilateral negotiations, while membership in UNCLOS prevents the outbreak of new claims and promotes more frequent third party management efforts. We also find a U-shaped relationship between marine catches and the duration of UNCLOS/EEZ commitments, indicating that fish stocks initially decline and then recover positively after the implementation of conservation policies.
A Supply Side Theory of Mediation
Authors: Crescenzi Mark J.C. , Kadera Kelly M , Thyne Clayton L , Mitchell Sara McLaughlin
Published: January 2019

We develop and test a theory of the supply side of third party conflict management. Building on an existing formal model of mediation (Kydd 2003), we consider several factors that increase the pool of potential neutral mediators and the frequency of mediators’ efforts to manage interstate conflicts. First, we argue that democratic mediators face greater audience costs for deception in the conflict management process because the media in democratic states is more likely to uncover attempts by democratic mediators to provide false information. Second, we argue that information in the global mediation marketplace becomes more accurate as the international system becomes more democratic because there is a wider network of vigilant free presses, which increases the costs of deception for potential mediators. Third, as disputants’ ties to international organizations increase, this also raises the costs that mediators incur for dishonesty in the conflict management process because these institutions provide more frequent and accurate information about the disputants’ capabilities and resolve. Empirical analyses of data on contentious issues (1816-2001) provide support for our theory, with third party conflict management occurring more frequently if a potential mediator is a democracy, and as the average global democracy level and the number of shared IO memberships between disputants rises. We also find that powerful states serve as mediators more often, and that trade ties, alliances, issue salience, and distance influence third party decisions to mediate.
Leaf surface acylsugar extraction and LC-MS profiling - v1.0 v1
Authors: Lou Yann-Ru
Published: January 2019

We use this protocol to extract and study acylsugars from glandular trichomes present on the surface of Solanum lycopersicum and Solanum pennellii plants as described in our manuscript "Evolution of metabolic novelty: a trichome-expressed invertase creates specialized metabolic diversity in wild tomato" (doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/502971). While this method is optimized for acylsugar extraction, it can be tweaked to use for other metabolites on the leaf surface. Below is a literature that is highly useful for acyslugar identification: Comparative structural profiling of trichome specialized metabolites in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and S. habrochaites: acylsugar profiles revealed by UHPLC/MS and NMR (doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11306-013-0585-y)
MBARI Environmental DNA (eDNA) extraction using Qiagen DNeasy Blood and Tissue Kit v1
Authors: Walz Kristine , Yamahara Kevan , P Michisaki Reiko , P. Chavez Francisco
Published: January 2019

Nucleic acids extraction from the filters using the Qiagen DNeasy Blood and Tissue Kit with some modifications to the manufacturer’s protocol. These extraction protocols, adapted from Thomsen et al (2012), are used by the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI) for Monterey Bay, CA samples (MB). All MB samples were extracted in the Chavez Laboratory at the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing California. This work was supported by NASA grant NNX14AP62A ‘National Marine Sanctuaries as Sentinel Sites for a Demonstration Marine Biodiversity Observation Network (MBON)’ funded under the National Ocean Partnership Program (NOPP RFP NOAA-NOS-IOOS-2014-2003803 in partnership between NOAA, BOEM, and NASA), and the U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS) Program Office. Thomsen, P. F., Kielgast, J., Iversen, L. L. N., Møller, P. R., Rasmussen, M. & Willerslev, E., 2012, Detection of a Diverse Marine Fish Fauna Using Environmental DNA from Seawater Samples. Plos One, 7(8),e41732. Qiagen Inc., July 2006 DNeasy Blood and Tissue Handbook; available online from Qiagen Inc§ . Qiagen, Inc., June 2012 Qiamp DNA Mini and Blood Mini Handbook, available online from Qiagen, Inc.
A Generic Circuit Model for Memristor Based One Diode-One Resistor Devices
Authors: GÜL Fatih
Published: January 2019

Memristor-based resistive random access
memory (RRAM) devices are very good competitors for next generation
non-volatile crossbar memory applications. 
The sneak paths problem is one of the main constraints in fabricating
crossbar memory devices. The one diode-one resistor (1D1R) structure design is
effective for suppressing the sneak paths problem. Suitable circuit models are
needed to simulate semiconductor structures.

A general circuit model for memristor-based
one diode-one resistor structures is proposed in this work. The Simulation
Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis (SPICE) environment was used to
simulate the designed circuit. Well-known mathematical models such as those of
Strukov, Biolek, Joglekar, Prodromakis and Zha were used to simulate the
memristor component of the circuit. The current-voltage characteristics were
obtained for different mathematical models. All results were compatible with
the expected characteristics.  The best
fit characteristics were acquired using the Zha and Strukov models.
Jejunal obstruction due to ischemic stricture: an unusual presentation
Authors: Huda Tanweerul , Pandya Bharati
Published: January 2019

Background: The most common causes of mechanical small bowel obstruction are postoperative adhesions and hernias. Other etiologies of small bowel obstruction include, diseases intrinsic to the wall of the small intestine, like tumors, strictures, intramural hematoma and processes that cause intraluminal obstruction like intussusception, gallstones, foreign bodies etc. Ischaemic enteritis is a rare etiology, reported only in about 0.1% of cases. Ischaemic strictures of the small bowel are a result of decreased blood supply to the small intestine. They require surgical intervention for their management.Methods: Author presented a 40 year-old diabetic female who presented with upper GI obstruction of 2month duration. Her history of illnesses included stroke, myocardial infarction and a transient episode of intestinal obstruction occurring simultaneously 3years ago. On investigations, she was found to have an occlusive distal jejunal stricture. Author studied the literature for the various management options and selected the most appropriate one for her.Results: Exploratory laparotomy with resection and end to end anastomosis of the jejunal segment was done. The histopathology of the segment revealed ischaemic enteritis with large vessel blockade causing stricture. The patient had an uneventful post op recovery and is asymptomatic two months since.Conclusions: Ischaemic enteritis results in small intestinal obstruction due to intestinal stenosis in its chronic phase. Diagnostic delay is due to the differential diagnoses and missing out on the transient phase of early ischemia.
Apical lymph node dissection of the inferior mesenteric artery with preservation of left colic artery in colorectal cancer
Authors: El Kased Ahmed Farag , Amar Mohammed S. , Elgammal Ahmed S. , Elfeky Amira M.
Published: January 2019

Background: Nowadays, surgery for colorectal cancer has been standardized both ways in open and laparoscopic approaches but there are still debates regarding the level of ligation of the IMA at its origin from aorta (high ligation) or below the origin of left colic artery (low ligation). The technique of apical lymph node dissection with preservation of LCA has the advantage of both, better lymph node harvest and lower postoperative complications. It is controversial whether a high or low ligation of the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) is superior. The former allows an extended lymph node clearance whereas the latter preserves the distal vascular supply via the left colic artery (LCA). Apical lymph node dissection of the IMA (ALMA) harvests nodal tissue along the IMA proximal to the LCA whilst performing a low ligation. This anatomically replicates the oncological benefit of high ligation and the vascular preservation of low ligation. This study evaluates the nodal yield of ALMA and the short-term outcome of this technique.Methods: Author retrospectively studied 40 patients with operable sigmoid and rectal cancer who admitted to general surgery department in Menoufia University Hospitals from May 2016 to May 2018. All patient underwent curative surgical resection with ALMA. The lymph node yield from the dissection (the ALMA specimen) was compared with the total lymph node yield. Data on the LCA anatomy, time required to perform ALMA, complications and postoperative recovery were evaluated.Results: Results ALMA was successful in 36 patients. Median postoperative hospitalization was 5 (2-26) days without ALMA-related morbidity or mortality. The median lymph node yield was 20 (9-41) and a median of 14.3 (0-80)% were harvested with ALMA. Two patients not having neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy had fewer than 12 lymph nodes, excluding nodes harvested from ALMA. The average time required for ALMA was 20min.Conclusions: ALMA (lymph node dissection around the IMA preserving the root of the IMA and LCA) was feasible by this method without compromising operation time, blood loss or the number of harvested lymph nodes with accepted rate of postoperative complications.
Surgical causes of neck masses in pediatrics: management and outcome
Authors: Batikhe Mohamed Y. , Harb Tarek T.
Published: January 2019

Background: Neck masses are common pathologies in pediatrics, surgery is considered the only line of treatment in most of neck lesions, and usually early intervention is recommended to avoid complications, The aim of our study is to evaluate the clinical and radiological presentations, the pathological findings, and the surgical outcome of neck lesions operated in our institution in pediatric age group.Methods: All pediatric patients presented at our pediatric surgery unit in the period from January 2017 to January 2018 by neck masses were included in this study, Patients with fistulae without underlying swellings and those with inflammatory lesions who responded to medical treatment and surgery wasn't indicated were excluded from this study. History taking, clinical evaluation, routine laboratory investigations and neck ultrasound were done in all cases, and Imaging studies (CT, MRI) were done in selected cases, all resected specimens were sent for histopathological examination, demographic data, duration of surgery, using of haemostatic devices, need of blood transfusion, duration of hospital stay, morbidity and mortality all were recorded and statistically analyzed.Results: In the majority of cases swelling was cystic in nature (69.4%), with lateral position in most of the lesions (61.2%), thyroglossal cyst proved to be the commonest (30.6%), followed by branchial cyst (22.4%). Clinical diagnosis with neck ultrasound was sufficient for diagnosis in most of the cases (55.1 %). Follow up of patients for 3 months in all cases with no mortality recorded and very low incidence of morbidity (6.1%).Conclusions: Neck swellings in pediatric population is common with wide range of differential diagnosis, with respecting anatomical and pathological backgrounds surgery has excellent outcome with very low incidence of morbidity.
Safety and efficacy of mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy in the treatment of large impacted proximal ureteral stones
Authors: Mir Bilal Yousuf , Najar Fayaz Ahmad , Mir Mohammad Asim
Published: January 2019

Background: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Mini-Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in the treatment of large (≥15mm) impacted proximal ureteral stones.Methods: This was a prospective observational study and was conducted in the Postgraduate Department of Surgery, Govt. Medical College, Srinagar. A total of 60 patients were included in this study.Results: The mean age (in years) of patients was 38.5±9.31 and range 22-58, the male female ratio was 40:20, the disease laterality (right: left) was 48:12, the mean stone size (in mms) was 17.6±2.11. All the patients were having hydronephrotic kidneys, however, all the renal units were functional. The mean operative time (in minutes) was 62±9.62. The overall success rate was 96.7% after one month of follow-up the stone free rate was 96.7% while as the stone free rate on discharge was 86.7%. The mean hospital stays (in days) was 2.8±1.08. The overall complication rate in this study was 15 patients (25%) which include post-operative fever in 5 patients (8.33%), prolonged hematuria in 4 patients (6.67%), residual stone/disease after 4weeks of follow-up was seen in 2 patients (3.33%) and in 4 patients (6.67%) thoracic complication was seen. However, no ureteral injury, hollow visceral or pelvic perforation was noted. The post-operative analgesic requirement was 100±40.45mgs of Inj. Tramadol. The need of auxiliary procedures was required in 3.3% of patients.Conclusions: Mini-PCNL is both safe as well as an effective therapy for large impacted proximal ureteral stones with a higher success, stone clearance rate and with acceptable complications.
Invagination of inguinal hernial sac in comparison with ligation and excision in indirect inguinal hernia
Authors: Gupta Rahul A. , Jain Adeesh P. , Vasava Manoj
Published: January 2019

Background: To evaluate the incidence of early recurrence and chronic groin pain in the two groups of patients (group A=ligation and excision, group B=invagination) with indirect inguinal hernia and to observe different intraoperative and post-operative parameters in both groups.Methods: This prospective randomized study was done in SSG Hospital and Government Medical College, Vadodara from 1st December 2016 to 30th November 2017. All the cases of indirect inguinal hernia attending the surgical OPD in SSG hospital were enrolled in this study. All the patients underwent Lichtenstein tension free repair. A total of 50 patients were enrolled in this study. MedCalc Software Version 12.5.0 was used for the analysis of the data and Microsoft word and Excel was used to generate graphs and tables.Results: 50 patients of indirect inguinal hernia with more than 18 years of age were enrolled and divided into two groups. Intra operative complications, post-operative pain by VAS and post-operative complication observed, which was found insignificant. There was no seroma and induration on both the study group at 3 months and 6 months interval. No local swelling (recurrence) in inguinal region was seen in patients (both group A and group B) during the 6 months follow up period.Conclusions: This study shows no difference in outcome of results in Lichtenstein tension free hernia repair for indirect inguinal hernia with two different technique in dealing with sac except less postoperative pain in invagination of sac as compare to ligation and excision.
Primary adenocarcinoma arising from ileo-cecal junction presented with a component of ileo-ileal intussusception
Authors: Ramnadh G. Satyendra , Puppala Vikas , Samrat Vishnu , Lakshmi M. Vijaya , Tati Shekar Y. , Nadh Ravindra , . Mrudula
Published: January 2019

Primary adenocarcinoma arising from small bowel is a rare entity account 1-2% of all GIT malignancies. Adenocarcinoma is the second most malignant lesion of the small bowel after carcinoid tumour followed by lymphoma and GISTs. Duodenum is the common site followed by jejunum and ileum within the small bowel. About 48years old male presented with symptoms and signs of intestinal obstruction i.e. pain and distension of the abdomen with bilious vomiting and absolute constipation. Case was diagnosed as intestinal obstruction provisionally. USG reported as ileocecal intussusceptions with mesenteric lymphadenopathy and was confirmed by CECT. After laparotomy, growth was found at ileocecal junction. Right hemicolectomy along with lymphadenectomy was done and specimen sent for HPE. HPE revealed well differentiated adenocarcinoma, arising from terminal ileum at ileocecal junction with ileo-ileal intussusception. Small bowel adenocarcinoma is rare, further rare in ileocecal junction, radiologically presented as ileo-cecal intussusception. However, lymph nodal enlargement put us in diagnostic dilemma. Author are interested to report this case because of its rarity (incidence of adenocarcinoma terminal ileum is extremely rare and presentation as intussusception is diagnostic challenging.
Penile strangulation by a metal ring: an easy and unique thread method for removal of the ring
Authors: Vyas Kunj N. , Solanki Mehul I.
Published: January 2019

Penile incarceration is a rare but serious problem. Rapid treatment is necessary to prevent penile infarction. Glass bottles, metal rings, steel nuts and bull rings have been reported as constricting agents. Depending on the type of material, various tools such as diamond drills, bolt cutters and glass saws have been used to remove the objects. Penile strangulation by metal ring is a rare surgical emergency situation which requires urgent intervention to avoid vascular and urethral injury. It is usually associated with an attempt to improve sexual act and/or to prolong erection, psychosexual disorder. It is difficult to cut a metal ring as the edema was out of proportion and metal ring had made pressure ulcer at pen scrotal junction.  The treatment of penile strangulation is decompression of the constricted penis to facilitate free blood flow and micturition. It requires no particular skill but does require resourcefulness to perform the removal simply and effectively, and with as little discomfort for the patient as possible. Here, author presented a case of penile strangulation in which metal ring was removed by silk thread.
Massive left lobe liver cyst: a rare case report and review of literature
Authors: Muthammal Ramula , Natarajan Arivazagan , Raj Mohan , Radhakrishnan Ramprasath
Published: January 2019

Huge Cyst of the liver not frequently found. This case of massive liver cyst (left lobe) in a female patient is reported for its rarity. In this case, the patient presented with no other complaints except distention of abdomen and vague pain abdomen. To highlight diagnostic challenges and treatment options available to rural population, that is affordable and accessible.  A 57 years old female patient from nearby village, presented with distention of abdomen for 5years, which was small to start with and gradually increasing in size to attain the present size. Preoperatively, it was a huge tensely cystic swelling arising from left lobe of liver occupying whole upper abdomen. Swelling appeared to be arising from segment II and III (Couinaud system), right lobe compressed to a rim. The cyst was opened anteriorly and drained 4.8l of clear fluid. Marsupialization of the cyst was done. Though huge cystic swellings are comparatively rare, they should be considered in the pre-operative differential diagnosis of abdominal masses. They can be easily diagnosed and managed in hospitals with limited resources and are affordable to the patients also.
THE USE OF REFRACTED WAVES IN SURFACE-CONSISTENT PROCEDURES OF DYNAMIC CORRECTION
Authors: Khemraev K. A.
Published: January 2019

In the given paper a three factor decomposition of the field of refracted waves is considered with help of ray-tracing. Due to the fact that the solution obtained on the basis of the mathematical model is unstable, a condition is proposed that regularizes the solution. The possibility of applying the considered mathematical model is demonstrated in case of refraction and buried objects.
Anodic Behaviour of Ti-12 in Various Electrolytes
Authors: Raghavender U. , Vijay Kumar K. , Rajasheker Reddy E. , Panasa Reddy A.
Published: January 2019

Anodization of Ti-12 alloy has been carried out in various electrolytes at different constant current densities and temperatures. Kinetics of anodic films was studied in different electrolytes at different constant current densities ranging from 4mAcm-2 to 64mAcm-2 and at different temperatures ranging from 298 to 338K. From the plots of formation voltage (V) vs time (t), rates of formation were calculated. The rate of film formation and breakdown voltage increase with increase in constant current density while decrease with increase in temperature. The kinetics were found better in sulphamic acid electrolyte at room temperature compared to other electrolytes at the same anodizing conditions.
CRESCIMENTO DA PRODUÇÃO DE AÇAÍ E CASTANHA-DO-BRASIL NO ACRE
Authors: De Souza e Souza Luís Gustavo , De Souza e Souza Max Randson
Published: January 2019

O Acre é um estado da Amazônia Legal e apresenta diversidade de produtos oriundos das florestas, que são economicamente importantes tanto para o governo quanto para as famílias produtoras. O açaí e a castanha-do-brasil são os produtos florestais que tem apresentado maior evolução da cadeia e crescimento na produção, com grande valorização dos produtos no estado e fora dele. O potencial de produção é grande por serem espécies nativas da região. Dessa forma objetivou-se neste trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento da produção e a evolução do preço de açaí e castanha-do-brasil no estado do Acre, bem como os principais municípios produtores destes produtos. Para isto realizou-se pesquisa bibliográfica e coleta de dados do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatista (IBGE) na seção de produção da extração vegetal e silvicultura, entre os anos de 2004 e 2009. Posteriormente foram produzidos gráficos da evolução na produção, do preço por tonelada e os principais municípios produtores de açaí e castanha. Constatou-se que o Acre nos anos avaliados apresentou crescimento na produção de ambos os produtos, com a valorização da tonelada produzida e os maiores municípios produtores de castanha e açaí em 2015 são Sena Madureira e Feijó, respectivamente.
Exclusive breastfeeding in India: An ultimate need of infants
Authors: Pareek Shatrughan
Published: January 2019

Breastfeeding is a general method of providing nutritional supplements to young infants and child by breast milk. Early initiation of breastfeeding is very important for the infants. Breastfeeding is the cheapest and simplest method of fulfilling the nutritional needs of infant. Poor infant feeding practices and its effects is an obstacle in desirable growth and development of the infant. Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is a method of providing only breast milk to infant up to 6 months age. There are lots of intrinsic and extrinsic factors which affect EBF.
The prevalence of EBF is too low at global level. In the world, prevalence of EFB is 30-50% but it is 54.9% in India. The cultural, religious and geographic differences create wide range of EBF in India and it’s around 35.8-77.2%. The Exclusive breastfeeding is effective in decline the incidence of communicable and non-communicable diseases among infants which reduce the morbidity and mortality among infants.
The prevalence of EBF is below the proposed level so there is a need of effective breastfeeding program in India. Special focus is needed in the area where prevalence of EBF is poor. National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4) revealed that there is a positive trend in India towards EBF. Social support and EBF program are needed to develop a positive attitude towards EBF and it will change the current scenario and reduce the disease burden among infants.
Maternity care priorities for prevention of psychological birth trauma in Iran: A Delphi consensus study
Authors: Taghizadeh Ziba , Taheri Mahshid , Takian Amirhossien , Jafari Nahid
Published: January 2019

Background & Aim: Promoting maternal mental health is achievable through prevention of psychological birth trauma (PBT). This study aimed to investigate experts’ opinion on best strategies in prevention of PBT among childbearing women.
Methods & Materials: This Delphi, systematic interactive research was conducted in Tehran, from July to November 2017. Delphi technique and policy dialogue was used to prioritize pre-defined PBT prevention strategies which had been identified in our previous studies. 13 experts were included in the Delphi. After two rounds, panelists had come to consensus on strategies’ priorities; they rated each strategy. Priority of strategies was set based on scores. Strategies with total mean of ≥9 and interquartile range (IQR) of ≤2 were entered to the next stage. At the last stage of consensus, a 4-hours meeting was held with seven policy makers; four top strategies were selected by consensus of the all members.
Results: From 38 initial strategies, nine with the mean of ≥9 were identified as the top ones. At the policy dialogue meeting, four strategies were selected: continuous support during childbirth, practical childbirth preparation classes, group prenatal care, and preparing individual birth plan in antenatal visit.
Conclusion: According to the experts, top four strategies can be combined in an integrated program. All these services will be provided at Primary Health Care facilities. These strategies are suggested in supporting maternity care in Iran and other developing countries to promote maternal mental and physical health.
Knowledge and acceptance of human papilloma virus vaccine among secondary school students in Queens Model Secondary School, Enugu, Nigeria
Authors: Israel Chidinma-Egbichi , Ogbu Nkechi-Nnenna , Ingwu Justin-Agorye , Chinenye Arinze-Joyce , Chikeme Pauline-Chigwara
Published: January 2019

Background & Aim: Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is a common sexually transmitted infection with high mortality rate though its prevention is now possible through vaccination. The study determined the knowledge and acceptance of HPV Vaccine among Secondary School students in Queens Model secondary school Enugu
Methods & Material: The study utilized a quantitative descriptive survey method. Sample size of 368 students was determined using the power analysis at 95% confidence interval and 5% error margin. Stratified sampling method including proportionate sampling was used to select respondents from different classes to ensure representativeness. Data was collected using questionnaire developed by the researchers with a reliability of 0.79 Cronbach alpha after pre-test and data was analyzed with the aid of SPSS version 20 using descriptive statistics of frequencies and percentages.
Results: Only 51(13.86%) of the respondents have heard of HPV vaccine. Majority 97.3% were willing to receive a vaccine that can prevent cervical cancer and 98.1% respondents agreed to recommend a vaccine that can prevent cervical cancer for others for fear of death and concern for their safety.
Conclusion: Health education on HPV vaccine should be made available to young girls to enable them take advantage of this service before the resumption of sexual activities.
Conhecimento científico e tecnológico dos povos africanos: estratégia de resistência à tradição seletiva no ensino de ciências
Authors: Brito Marlene Oliveira de , Machado Vitor
Published: January 2019

O presente artigo examina possibilidades de inclusão da história e culturas africanas e afro-brasileiras no ensino de ciências, em atendimento à Lei 10.639/03, defendendo a inserção da diversidade étnico-racial e cultural a partir do recorte histórico referente ao conhecimento científico de povos africanos. A análise é realizada nos conteúdos propostos no currículo escolar oficial da Secretaria de Educação do Estado de São Paulo (SEE/SP), especificamente para o 7º ano do ensino fundamental. A proposta é refletir sobre a atuação pedagógica dos envolvidos na educação escolar, como instrumento capaz de resultar em significações no posicionamento diante as demandas relativas ao enfrentamento do preconceito e da discriminação com fundamento racial.

Palavras-chave

Educação antirracista. Ciência e tecnologia africana. Currículo e ensino de ciências.

 

Scientific and Technological Knowledge of African Peoples: Strategy of Resistance to the Selective Tradition in Science Education

Abstract

This article examines possibilities of including African and AfroBrazilian history and culture in science education, in compliance with the Law 10.639 / 03. It advocates the inclusion of ethnic-racial and cultural diversity, based on historical references to the scientific knowledge of African peoples. We analyze the contents proposed in the official curriculum issued by the Education Department of the State of São Paulo (SEE / SP), specifically for the 7th grade of primary education. We propose a reflection on the pedagogical action of those involved in school education as an instrument that can produce significations in stances towards demands related to fighting racially based prejudice and discrimination.

Keywords

Anti-racist education. African science and technology. Curriculum. Science teaching.
A carreira do professor da rede pública de Chicago
Authors: Becker Howard S.
Published: January 2019

As carreiras dos professores de Chicago exibem movimentações “horizontais” entre cargos em um mesmo nível da hierarquia escolar, em termos de configuração dos problemas profissionais básicos apresentados por cada cargo, mais do que movimentações verticais entre vários desses níveis. Um grande padrão de carreira consiste em mudar-se da escola de classe baixa, onde as carreiras geralmente começam; outro padrão consiste em adaptarse, ao longo de um período de anos, aos problemas de tais escolas. Uma vez estabelecido em uma escola, o professor pode ser perturbado por mudanças relacionadas à estrutura da vizinhança ou ao pessoal administrativo com quem ele lida.

Palavras-chave

Carreira docente. Movimentação docente. Desigualdades socioespaciais. Relações étnico-raciais.

 

The career of the Chicago public schoolteacher

Abstract

The careers of Chicago teachers exhibit “horizontal” movement among positions at one level of the school-work hierarchy in terms of the configuration of the occupation’s basic problems presented by each rather than vertical movement between several such levels. One major career pattern consists in moving from the lower-class school in which careers usually begin; another consists in adjusting, over a period of years, to the problems of such schools. Having settled in a school, the teacher may be upset by changes in neighborhood structure or in the administrative personnel with whom she deals.

Keywords

Teaching career. Teacher movement. Socio-spatial inequalities. Ethnic-racial relations.
Nenhum movimento curricular no Brasil teve força para mudar a prática dos professores em matemática.
Authors: Amabile Mansutti Maria
Published: January 2019

Maria Amabile Mansutti sempre se interessou pela matemática na escola, desde as séries iniciais. Ela não gosta muito de falar sobre isso. Mas fatos são fatos e uma informação como essa não poderia deixar de ser dada na abertura de uma entrevista com uma professora que dedicou toda a sua vida profissional a discutir como se ensina e se aprende essa disciplina. Mesmo sem ter licenciatura na área (ela é formada em Pedagogia pela Universidade de São Paulo), conversa com os especialistas sobre números, operações, geometria, estatística e ainda acrescenta conhecimentos sobre como as crianças aprendem esses conteúdos e a melhor maneira de ensinálos – dois temas, aliás, em que nenhum bacharel e poucos licenciados se arriscam.

Atual diretora de Tecnologias Educacionais do Centro de Estudos e Pesquisas em Educação, Cultura e Ação Comunitária (Cenpec), Amabile tem especialização em Didática da Matemática pela Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo (PUC-SP). Fez carreira na rede municipal da capital paulista como professora, técnica em educação e gestora. Como formadora de professores, atuou em diversas redes municipais e estaduais e em escolas particulares. Integrou a equipe que elaborou os PCN de matemática para o Ensino Fundamental e implantou o Programa Parâmetros em Ação em mais de 3 mil municípios. Foi diretora do Departamento de Política da Educação Fundamental da Secretaria da Educação Fundamental do Ministério da Educação (MEC). De 2006 a 2011 foi consultora de programas voltados à Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA), desenvolvidos pela Organização Alfasol junto ao Ministério de Educação de São Tomé e Príncipe.