bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ticketing and Crowd Management System for Attraction Facilities: An Aquarium Case Study
Authors: Nakagawa Yoshiaki , Abe Yukari , Isobe Masami
Published: March 2024

In tourist facilities, managing ticket sales can reduce congestion imbalances. This study reports on the results of a pilot experiment conducted at Kaiyukan in Osaka, one of the largest aquariums in Japan. The experiment utilized pre-sale ticket data for controlling admission time intervals, smoothing the number of admissions through dynamic pricing, and predicting visitor numbers. The study reviewed the effectiveness of each of these approaches to alleviate congestion inside Kaiyukan. We then report on a method to predict the number of visitors from the pre-sale conditions of Kaiyukan admission tickets. It was found that setting entry times to 15-minute intervals was most operationally advantageous for the Kaiyukan. Moreover, the behavioral effects induced by variable pricing were more effective when prices were changed based on time slots rather than on a daily basis. Compared to the Holt–Winters’ method, we were able to maintain stable prediction accuracy even during consecutive holidays and long school vacation seasons.
Development of Reward-Based Crowd Management System and Field Evaluation of Safety and Profitability
Authors: Shimizu Shogo , Hattori Ryoji , Kodaira Takayuki , Ito Daishin , Imai Yoshie
Published: March 2024

For railroad operators with a highly public nature, ensuring the safety of passengers and revitalizing the areas along the line are both tasks to be accomplished. To enhance passenger safety, it is necessary to keep congestion levels below a certain level on platforms and trains. Since traffic congestion generally occurs at certain times, such as in the morning, it is important to disperse traffic congestion during rush hours. In the past, railroad operators have encouraged passengers to voluntarily commute off-peak, but this has not worked as an incentive for passengers simply by improving comfort. Because of this failure, rail operators are considering a method of setting fare prices based on the time of day and congestion levels. However, past studies suggest that few users change their behavior because those who choose the time of day to use the railroads do not always coincide with the fare payers. Therefore, we devised a crowd management system in which coupons redeemable at stores along the rail line are given directly to the customers, encouraging voluntary off-peak commuting and stimulating the local economy. This system features dynamic updating of coupon ranks based on congestion forecast information from measured congestion levels to enhance the effectiveness of the service. The results of a three-month verification experiment that cooperated with Shizuoka Railway confirmed that 7.1% of passengers took congestion avoidance actions and that passengers who obtained coupons got off at a specific station an average of 29% more often.
Influencing Pedestrian Route Choice Through Environmental Stimuli: A Long-Term Ecological Experiment
Authors: Feliciani Claudio , Tanida Sakurako , Jia Xiaolu , Nishinari Katsuhiro
Published: March 2024

Urban centers are getting crowded, public transportation is becoming congested, and mass events are attracting an increasing number of people. Crowd disasters are not rare, and to prevent them the careful planning of pedestrian facilities and collaboration among stakeholders in the organization of events are crucial. When communication and coordination among stakeholders are sufficient, safety can usually be achieved; however, even in such cases, unexpected situations may occur. Automated crowd-control methods are required to address such situations. However, little is known about how crowd behavior can be influenced without direct human intervention. In this study, we investigated the use of environmental stimuli to modify pedestrian behavior (more specifically, route choice) in an educational facility. Colors, lights, signs, and sounds were used to influence route selection. The results show that light and, in part, LED information displays are somehow effective and could be valid candidates to pave the way for automated crowd control systems (especially for night events). The experiment presented here considers low crowd density. However, we believe that this could help encourage the balanced use of space by pedestrians under normal conditions and establish good practices. In turn, this can delay the creation of high densities, which are often the cause of fatalities in crowd disasters, and provide staff with time for intervention.
Evaluating Pedestrian Congestion Based on Missing Sensing Data
Authors: Jia Xiaolu , Feliciani Claudio , Tanida Sakurako , Yanagisawa Daichi , Nishinari Katsuhiro
Published: March 2024

Accurately evaluating pedestrian congestion is crucial for evidence-based improvements in various walking environments. Tracking pedestrian movements in real-world settings often leads to incomplete data collection. Despite this challenge, pedestrian congestion with missing data has not been extensively addressed in existing research. This study examined the impact of missing data on density, speed, and congestion number in the course of evaluating pedestrian congestion. While density is the most commonly used index, speed and congestion number proved more robust.
Investigating the Congestion Levels on a Mesoscopic Scale During Outdoor Events
Authors: Tanida Sakurako , Feliciani Claudio , Jia Xiaolu , Kim Hyerin , Aikoh Tetsuya , Nishinari Katsuhiro
Published: March 2024

In event management, preventing excessive overcrowding is not only essential for providing comfort but also crucial for ensuring safety. However, understanding the crowd dynamics of participants in outdoor events can be challenging. One of the primary reasons is the limited availability of sensing systems suitable for outdoor use. Challenges include the need for power outlets and adapting to dynamic environmental conditions and unclear event boundaries. Consequently, there is still uncertainty about which measurements can be conducted to scientifically manage crowding based on sound principles. Therefore, there is a need for systems that are capable of discerning spatial and temporal heterogeneity in density and accurately estimating the number of people in regions of interest in both sparse and congested areas. In this study, we propose a novel approach for measuring and understanding crowd states at outdoor events. We designed a highly portable measurement system utilizing Bluetooth technology to monitor crowd density in real time, ensuring uninterrupted data collection even in remote event locations. This system stands out for its ability to operate effectively under diverse weather and lighting conditions without power outlets, making it highly adaptable to various outdoor settings. In our experiments, conducted at four distinct outdoor event locations, we used a 360° camera and LiDARs to validate the system. For instance, we deployed the system at 40-m intervals in a shopping district during a high-density parade. This deployment enabled us to capture the movement of the crowd and estimate the total number of people within the district. A key finding was the system’s capability to detect temporal and spatial congestion in both sparse and crowded areas. The system’s potential to estimate crowd sizes and manage diverse outdoor events marks an advancement over traditional methods like cameras and LiDARs.
Visitors’ Attitudes Toward the Expansion of Alternative Shuttle Bus System in Shiretoko National Park
Authors: Aikoh Tetsuya , Yahiro Satoshi , Shoji Yasushi , Kim Hyerin
Published: March 2024

In some natural parks, introducing a shuttle bus system as an alternative to private cars can help reduce congestion and protect nature. This study examines the pilot program to effectively induce visitors to switch to the shuttle bus, while examining the visitors’ understanding of the expansion of the restricted vehicle section in Shiretoko National Park—a World Natural Heritage site known for its rich natural resources, especially as a high-density habitat for brown bears. There are concerns about conflicts between visitors and brown bears that appear along roads. Visitor restrictions, such as limited access to transportation, limit the use of a place and alter the behavior and experience. Therefore, careful consideration is needed before introducing visitor restrictions. The results of our questionnaire survey of visitors indicated that most favored the expansion of the shuttle bus section. The choice experiment revealed that the guides on the bus and an optional experience encouraged visitors to switch to the shuttle buses. Nonetheless, awareness of the pilot program was low, and some visitors preferred their cars, indicating the need for further promotion of awareness and understanding of these new measures.
Adaptive Formation by Pedestrian Small Groups During Egresses
Authors: Murakami Hisashi , Feliciani Claudio , Nishinari Katsuhiro
Published: March 2024

Human crowd behavior is an intriguing example of collective behavior where global dynamics emerge from interindividual interactions. Although most studies of human crowds assume that all individuals are independent, the presence and impact of social groups, such as friends or families, have recently been explored. Spatial structures resulting from group behavior and decision-making processes are key aspects of social groups, and how such structures are formed and the impact of these are largely unknown, especially in the scenario of crowd evacuations. Here we experimentally show that in the vicinity of exits, dyads and triads form a representative formation, which would attenuate a disadvantage of small groups that are typically regarded as moving obstacles toward the evacuation dynamics. In laboratory experiments on crowd evacuations regarding small group behavior, we first observed no noticeable differences of egress time between monads and groups, which is contrary to a naïve intuitiveness but in agreement with recent experimental observations. To resolve this contradiction, a detailed analysis focusing on behavior in front of exits suggests that group members constitute a straight-line structure vertical to the exit. Our findings offer a new perspective on how adaptive small group behavior emerges during crowd evacuation.
Impact of COVID-19 Countermeasures on South Korean Citizens’ Behavior and Psychological Changes: An Online Survey Between the First Waves of the Pandemic
Authors: Kuroha Hiroki , Flinkman Karri , Kondo Sae , Goto Chikako , Feliciani Claudio , Lim Hwajin
Published: March 2024

This study analyzed behavioral changes in South Korean individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic due to movement restrictions and examined their psychological effects. Attributes considered include age and gender, place of residence, and characteristics of the residential environment and communities they came into contact with, which are considered important factors in individuals’ psychological changes. The results showed that in terms of psychological change, the negative effects were more significant for attributes such as age and gender than for spatial characteristics such as residential area and type of residence. In addition, depression was found in specific gender and age groups. In particular, those in their 20s were found to be more depressed than those in their 30s and 40s, even though they were less prone infection with COVID-19 than older adults. Through the findings of this study, we have discovered materials and factors that should be taken into account when preparing policies to limit the motion of people in circumstances similar to a pandemic.
Visualization and Analysis of Visitor Trajectories and Stops in Indoor Exhibition Facilities
Authors: Chiba Takashi
Published: March 2024

We used LiDAR to detect and track people in an exhibition facility for better crowd management. The results were treated as time series data and visualized using a web application. In addition, we verified visitors’ stopping points to quantify interest in various exhibits, and found that by checking the time visitors spent in front of exhibits in 10-second intervals, the places in the exhibition hall that interested visitors could be visualized. The results suggest that the time classified as viewing is not necessarily longer, but that a threshold that takes into account the facilities and routes within the exhibition facility should be set.
Development of Evaluation Criteria for Training Fire Students to Enable New Rescue Roles in Vietnam
Authors: Tien Hung Le , Van Nam Pham , Kato Takaaki
Published: March 2024

The literature on the appropriate education criteria for training young emergency responders in developing countries is scarce. A gap exists between general education and emergency responder education regarding the criteria used for designing education courses and evaluating students. This study reviewed the criteria used at the University of Fire Prevention and Fighting in Vietnam. Although the university had used Bloom’s taxonomy, one of the well-known evaluation criteria for general education programs, in addition to the professional criteria for emergency management, only the bottom three levels of the taxonomy were considered. The authors designed a new training course to prepare and conduct landslide rescue exercises, and applied all six levels of Bloom’s taxonomy to evaluate students’ performance and responses. The course included lectures, an exercise, and a hot debriefing session for 52 third-year students. Consideration of all levels of Bloom’s taxonomy enabled the identification of differences in learning performance between exercise participants and observers among the students. The evaluation results based on the general and professional education criteria differed regarding the performance of students with work experience. This study showed that the full use of Bloom’s taxonomy could help improve firefighters’ training courses. Assessing students from different perspectives using both general and professional education evaluation criteria is important for measuring students’ diverse abilities.
Risk Mapping of COVID-19 to Create a Common Operating Picture Using Data from Wastewater Monitoring
Authors: Takeda Tomoko , Yoshimori Kazushiro , Haramoto Eiji , Toride Shingo , Kitajima Masaaki
Published: March 2024

Monitoring wastewater quality at the inlet of a wastewater treatment plant provides an overview of the health of the community connected to the respective wastewater treatment plant. Wastewater monitoring has been increasingly recognized as a valid tool in pandemic risk management, especially during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis. However, the results of wastewater monitoring are not yet fully utilized in the decision-making process of public governance across most of the Asia-Pacific region. This study explored the potential of geographic information systems to map the results of wastewater monitoring and provide a common operating picture for swift and informed decision-making, especially in times of disasters. By creating an online dashboard tool, we found that an additional merit of mapping wastewater monitoring is that it allows overlaying various other information, such as evacuation shelters, onto the same map. As the service areas of wastewater treatment plants, or sewersheds, are not necessarily aligned with geopolitical boundaries, mapping provides opportunities for re-calculating wastewater monitoring results at the city or district levels. The potential for recalculation is also applicable to overlayed information, indicating that information from wastewater monitoring may be used to assess disaster preparedness or multi-hazard risks. The dashboard prototype was discussed with government officials and feedback was obtained. We aim to further develop the findings so that the information from wastewater monitoring can be shared on a platform, such as the shared information platform for disaster management, in the future for effective risk governance.
Estimating the Effects of Regulating In-Person University Lectures on the Spread of COVID-19: Evidence from Japan
Authors: Okachi Michinao , Youn Haewon
Published: March 2024

Universities were the only educational institutions that restricted in-person lectures during the prolonged coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study is the first attempt to estimate the effects of restricting in-person lectures on containing the spread of COVID-19. Our investigation was conducted on Japanese universities since their various lecture styles are suitable for our analysis. A multiple-event study negative binomial regression model was employed, and the results showed that restricting the ratio of in-person lectures had limited effects on decreasing COVID-19 infections among university students. For example, if universities restrict almost all in-person lecture from a rate of over half of in-person lectures, the number of student infections would decline by 5.5 per 10,000 students between seven weeks before and after the change. Other lecture style changes had even smaller differences. In addition, we estimated the effect of the start of long breaks on the number of infections and found that they lead to a relatively higher level of infections regardless of lecture styles at the end of semesters. This implies that students are more likely to be infected outside than in class.
Flood Risk Assessment of the Middle Reach of the Helmand River, Afghanistan
Authors: Sefat Karimullah , Tsubaki Ryota
Published: March 2024

The middle reach of the Helmand River is prone to floods, and flood hazard analysis is necessary to manage the flood risk. As the study site is a less-developed basin where available geographical and hydrological data are limited, we must utilize available limited data to conduct the flood hazard analysis. A frequency analysis of the annual peak flow rate was performed using available hydrological data for making representative flood hydrographs. A land-use map is derived by classifying recent Landsat images. Digital elevation model derived by Advanced Land Observing Satellite, roughness coefficient correlated with the land-use map, and the representative flood hydrographs are fed into hydraulic model HEC-RAS 2D. Flood inundation area, depth, and velocity for different flood return periods are estimated. Based on local hazard intensity and vulnerability, risk maps for evacuation and vulnerability of crops on the floodplain are obtained. Spatial flood risk characteristics differ at the upstream and downstream reaches because of distinct floodplain topography. Flood countermeasures for each reach are proposed based on the spatial characteristics of the flood risk. To provide risk information for residents within the region, the flood hazard, risk, and damage maps derived in this study are published as a web map application and a mobile native application.
Investigating The Effect Of Testlets Consisting Of Open-Ended And Multiple-Choice Items On Reliability Via Generalizability Theory
Authors: Kocaoğlu Serpil , Şahin Melek Gülşah
Published: March 2024

This study aimed to reveal the effect of testlets consisting of open-ended and multiple-choice items with similar content on reliability. For this purpose, the Mathematics Achievement Test with four testlets, one of which consisted of open-ended items and the other of multiple-choice items, was administered to 128 8th-grade students. Reliability estimations on the obtained data were conducted in the Edu-G program based on the Generalizability Theory. A decision study was also performed in the study. In the achievement test with testlets consisting of open-ended items, p×i×r (p: person, i: item, r: rater) fully crossed design was used when testlet effect was not considered; p×(i:t)×r (t: testlet) nested design was used when testlet effect was considered. According to the results obtained, the reliability coefficient was estimated higher when the testlet effect was not considered. Similarly, in the achievement test with testlets consisting of multiple-choice items, the p×i crossed design was used when the testlet effect was not considered, and the p×(i:t) nested design was used when the testlet effect was considered. According to the results, the reliability coefficient was similarly estimated higher when the testlet effect was not considered. According to the data obtained within the scope of the study, the reliability coefficient was estimated according to the treatment of the testlet effect in the test with open-ended items.
Constitutional Inquiry Rights in Evaluating Constitutional Court Decisions: A Case Study of MK Decision No. 90/PUU-XXI/2023
Authors: Razak Askari , Amin Fakhry
Published: March 2024

This research focuses on analyzing the construction of the parliamentary inquiry right (hak angket) within the context of the controversial Constitutional Court (Mahkamah Konstitusi, MK) Decision No. 90/PUU-XXI/2023 in Indonesia. The decision, which interprets the age requirement for presidential and vice-presidential candidates, has sparked debates about the potential misuse of MK's authority. The study aims to understand the legal construction of the DPR’s parliamentary inquiry in light of the 1945 Constitution and relevant legislations, and to assess its implications on the oversight function of representative institutions. Employing a normative legal research methodology, the study analyzed legislation, legal concepts, and conducted expert interviews and content analysis. The findings reveal that the parliamentary inquiry, as a constitutional right of the DPR stipulated in Article 20A paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution, is utilized to assess the impact of MK Decision No. 90/PUU-XXI/2023 on Indonesia’s democracy and electoral system. The study highlights the need for DPR to observe legal provisions and ensure transparency and accountability in its inquiry process, emphasizing the significance of balancing democratic principles, transparency, and protection of citizens’ political rights in the oversight mechanism.Highlights:

Parliamentary Inquiry and Democracy: Exploration of the DPR's inquiry right in relation to MK's decision, emphasizing its importance for democratic accountability.
Legal and Democratic Implications: Focus on the legal boundaries and democratic significance of applying the inquiry to a judicial decision.
Transparency and Accountability: Highlighting the need for transparency and accountability in the parliamentary inquiry process.

Keywords: Parliamentary Inquiry, Constitutional Court Decision, Legal Analysis, Indonesian Democracy, Oversight Function
Mucocele na Primeira-Infância do Diagnóstico ao Tratamento: Relato de Caso
Authors: Lemos Bárbara Campos de Rezende , Davila Beatriz Perlotti Belmonte , Cestari Letícia Goldin , Fernandes Gabriela Leal Peres , Baéz-Quintero Liliana Carolina , Quinteiro Julia Paião , Danelon Marcelle
Published: March 2024

Introdução: A mucocele é um fenômeno de retenção da glândula salivar menor, causada pela ruptura dos ductos excretores. Clinicamente são lesões nodulares, podendo ser exofíticas e pedunculadas. Objetivos: Relatar um caso clínico de mucocele em paciente pediátrico e demonstrar o manejo clínico e cirúrgico da lesão. Relato de Caso: Paciente do sexo feminino, 6 anos de idade, compareceu à Clínica de Odontopediatria da Universidade de Ribeirão Preto-UNAERP, com história de mordedura e aparecimento de "bolinha inchava e desinchava" no lábio inferior, há cerca de 30 dias, depois de morder o lábio. O exame clínico intraoral revelou lesão nodular, exofítica, de coloração rósea, flácida à palpação, indolor e com aproximadamente 2 cm de diâmetro, recebendo diagnóstico diferencial de mucocele. O plano de tratamento instituído foi a exérese da lesão, seguida de análise histopatológica para diagnóstico definitivo. Por se tratar do primeiro contato da criança com o ambiente odontológico, optou-se pela técnica de condicionamento falar-mostrar-fazer. Após sete dias, realizou a exérese da lesão sob anestesia local, e a peça cirúrgica foi enviada para avaliação histopatológica, que confirmou tratar-se de mucocele. No pós-operatório de 7 dias a sutura foi removida e a mucosa apresentou-se com boa cicatrização, verificando-se em observação de 15 dias aspecto clínico normal tecidual. Conclusão: A remoção cirúrgica da lesão de mucocele é um tratamento seguro que previne a recorrência da mesma e continua sendo a mais utilizada tendo se mostrado simples, seguro e com bom prognóstico.
Material deformation and chip formation under single abrasive grain action
Authors: Dimov Yu. V. , Podashev D. B
Published: March 2024

The purpose of the work is to determine the volume of material destroyed by a single grain (microasperity), which produces elastic and plastic deformation of the material when an abrasive tool interacts with the treated surface. To calculate the intensity of deformation of the plastically displaced material of the workpiece under the action of a single grain, the slip-line technique (method of characteristics) was used. To determine the volume of material destroyed by a single grain as a result of polydeformation when moving in the tangential direction, the following is determined: area of the deformed material; intensity of the shear deformation; speed of the shear deformation rate; number of plastic deformation cycles necessary for the destruction of the material in various zones of the sliding line field. The solution to these problems is found using the radii of curvature of the sliding lines in the physical planes and in the planes of the velocity hodographs for the meridional and normal to the axis planes of the grain section. The determination of the elastic deformation of the material is taken into account when calculating the roughness of the treated surface. Chip formation under the action of a single grain is considered taking into account the determination of the cross-sectional area of chips. This formed the basis for a determination of material removal during abrasive processing. The theoretical provisions for the determination of the above indicators are confirmed by experimental data. Thus, the studies carried out by the slip-line method formed a basis for determining the volume of plastically deformed material, the magnitude and rate of deformation under the action of a single grain, as well as the volume of the removed material as a result of repeated plastic deformation and in the form of chips. The performed investigation forms an integral part of studies into the process performance and roughness of the machined surface when finishing workpieces with elastic polymer-abrasive tools and free abrasive particles.
Neural network fusion optimization for photovoltaic power forecasting
Authors: Liu S. , Parihar K. S. , Pathak M. K. , Sidorov D. N.
Published: March 2024

This paper aims to establish a comprehensive photovoltaic power generation prediction model. By collecting photovoltaic power generation data and weather data for a year, we analyzed the photovoltaic output characteristics in different seasons and found that the output characteristics in different seasons are also different. This article uses three neural network models, Long Short Term Memory Network, Recurrent Neural Network, and Dense Neural Network, to analyze the output characteristics of different seasons. Training, prediction, and prediction error analysis found that different models have different prediction accuracy in different seasons. Therefore, this paper proposes a weighted ensemble model add weights model based on the Nelder-Mead method to train and predict different seasons respectively. By analyzing the prediction error, the prediction accuracy needs to be better than a single model. We add noise to the data set to simulate unstable lighting conditions such as rainy days, and train and predict the data set after adding noise. The prediction results show that the comprehensive model has higher prediction accuracy than a single model in extreme weather. In order to verify the reliability of the model, this article uses a sliding window to extract the confidence interval of the prediction results, and uses the Bootstrap method to calculate the confidence interval. By analyzing and comparing each model’s Average Coverage, Root Mean Squared Length, and Mean Width, the prediction accuracy and reliability of add weights model are better than those of a single model.
Experience in solving the problem of filtering and washing unstructured sediments of hydrometallurgical processing of polymetal sludge
Authors: Mokhireva N. L. , Loginova I. V. , Mirolyubov V. R. , Shoppert A. A.
Published: March 2024

The article aims to select a filter design and mode of washing cake in the hydrometallurgical processing of polymetallic sludge in order to minimize the volume of washing water and obtain a high-quality cake—iron oxide pigment precursor. An analysis of the chemical composition of the subject matter–pulp following hydrochloric acid treatment of polymetallic sludge—was performed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, while the particle size distribution was studied via laser diffraction. The analysis of the chemical composition revealed that the liquid phase contains, g/dm3 : MgCl2 90.5–105.6; AlCl3 35.8–37.6; NiCl2 8.1–9.0; FeCl3 24.5–27.1; CrCl3 5.9–6.5; MnCl2 2.1–2.4; HCl 6.5–7.7. The solid particles present in the pulp are represented by two distinct groups of particles having the following sizes: 0.1–1 µm and 1–120 µm. It was found that pulp separation using a chamber-membrane filterpress with the vertical arrangement of plates minimizes washing water volume up to S:L 1:1, returns the mother liquor captured by the cake to the process cycle, and helps to obtain high-quality washed cake with a minimum content of residual salts (0.5 wt%). The optimal temperature of the pulp entering the filtering process is 80℃, while that of washing water is 60℃. Cake washing was shown to be the limiting step of the pulp separation process, which can be realized via the displacement method given the use of acidified water with pH 1.5. It was found necessary to use filter cloths made of 100% polypropylene, with a specific weight of the fabric of 540 g/m2 ± 10%, air permeability of 6 L/dm2 per minute ± 30% at 200 Pa, and a maximum operating temperature of at least 90ºC. Thus, the specific capacity of the filter press was calculated and a standard machine with the vertical arrangement of plates and a filtering surface of 500 m2 was selected for pulp separation following hydrometallurgical processing of wet polymetallic sludge (8000 tons/year).
Formal method for selecting rough datum in part machining using graphs of dimensional relationships
Authors: Ignatiev F. Yu.
Published: March 2024

We set out to determine formal conditions for selecting rough datum surfaces and rules for specifying the relationships between the surfaces of the workpiece and the part machined by metal-cutting equipment. The research was based on the geometry of non-ideal objects, which represents the geometric configuration of the part or workpiece in the form of a set of surfaces (S) arranged in strict accordance with a set of linear and angular dimensional relationships (V) in a sixdimensional geometric space. The representation of dimensional relationships in each of the six dimensions was performed using graph theory. The algorithm described in the works of V.G. Starostin and V.E. Lelyukhin was used for modeling the process of sequential surface machining. The question of selection of rough datum surfaces was considered. Here, the selection criterion is the possibility of automatic formation of machining sequence without recalculation of the dimension chains defined in the drawing. This criterion eliminates the problem of significant toughening of tolerances and additional
Optimization design of shearer drum height adjusting mechanism based on particle swarm optimization algorithm
Authors: Li D. , Jia W. , Ren C.
Published: March 2024

The underground working environment of the shearer is complex and the working conditions are relatively poor. It is necessary to continuously adjust the height of the rocker arm during the operation, improve the operation efficiency, and improve the ability of the shearer to adapt to the more complex coal seam working environment. In order to optimize the structure of the shearer adjustment mechanism, the strength and strength of the adjustment mechanism are improved by increasing the size and angle of the adjustment mechanism and reducing the size and angle. Therefore, an optimized particle group design method is proposed to optimize the drum adjustment mechanism of the shearer. Seven parameters such as large lever, small lever and maximum swing angle are selected as design variables. Under the condition of limiting mining height and rocker length, an optimization model with rolling angle and cylinder stress as objective functions is established. The working characteristics of each part of the coal machine height adjustment mechanism are analyzed. The particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to optimize the key parameters, and the optimization results are verified to ensure their accuracy. The optimization results are compared with the original parameters. The results show that compared with the pre-optimization, the cylinder stroke is shortened by 17.9%, the cylinder length is shortened by 8.94%, the rolling angle is reduced by 2.83%, the cylinder tension is reduced by 12.1%, and the rocker bending moment is increased by 6.83 %, which meets the original design goal. Therefore, the research provides a reference for the optimal design of the coal machine height adjustment system.
Study of the distribution of residual stresses across the surface layer depth following machining through probing hole drilling and digital image correlation
Authors: Makhalov M. S. , Krechetov A. A. , Blumenstein V. Yu. , Gorbatenko V. V.
Published: March 2024

The article aims to study the distribution of residual stresses across the surface layer depth following the machining of test specimens (free orthogonal cutting and burnishing). The machining by cutting and burnishing of 45 steel specimens was carried out using a milling machine with numerical control under varying machining factors. For a comparative analysis, the processes were also modeled via the finite element method using identical experimental values of geometric parameters and machining modes. In order to obtain residual stress distributions across the surface layer depth, probe holes having depths of 0.5; 0.75; 1; 1.5; and 2 mm were drilled. By differentiating the displacement of specimen surface particles, measured using digital image correlation, radial strains around the probe holes were determined. Then, these values were used to determine the residual stress components for each probe hole, and the averaged values of each residual stress component were calculated using the calculation algorithm presented in this article. After burnishing the specimen with a force of 3400 N, the test value of the σx component within the depth range (from the surface) of 0.5–0.75 mm amounted to -250 MPa. Model and experimental distributions of residual stress tensor components across the surface layer depth were obtained following machining via two methods. The experimental values of residual stresses were found to have good convergence with each other and with model distributions at depths up to 1 mm from the machined surface at a drill diameter of 1.7 mm. The proposed approach provides a means to obtain the residual stress distribution across the surface layer depth by drilling probe holes of different depths and estimating radial strains on the specimen surface using the digital image correlation method.
Electric field simulation in the electrochemical machining of a thin-walled part cavity
Authors: Shvaleva N. A. , Fadeev A. A. , Shestakov I. Ya.
Published: March 2024

The article is aimed at simulating an electric field in the interelectrode gap during the electrochemical machining of a thin-walled part cavity for aerospace equipment. The study involved simulating the process of electrochemical cavity machining at a constant voltage in a steady-state mode in the COMSOL Multiphysics environment. The simulation was carried out for the scheme of electrochemical machining with a movable cathode and vertical and horizontal feeding to the workpiece surface undergoing machining while maintaining a constant interelectrode gap. The following simulation conditions were adopted: 12Cr18Ni10Ti stainless steel as the material of the cathode tube; AlMg6 aluminum alloy as the material of the thin-walled part; NaNO3 solution as the electrolyte. When simulating the electric field in the interelectrode gap, the heat exchange process was taken into account. The simulation of the electric field in the electrochemical cavity machining of a thin-walled part yielded a macro that allows the process simulation to be adapted to different input process conditions. As a result of the simulation, the following distribution patterns were obtained: current density in the cathode, potentials, electric field in the interelectrode gap and adjacent area, and process temperature of electrochemical machining. The simulation results show that the electric field lines are directed toward the cathode from the workpiece periphery. This means that anodic dissolution of material occurs in a given region, which characterizes the law concerning the distribution of potentials in an electrochemical cell. The temperature distribution pattern obtained in the simulation revealed that a temperature increase in the machining zone is insignificant. An increase in electrolyte temperature is shown to result in a proportional increase in wall temperature. Thus, the conducted study provides a theoretical insight into the examined process.
Algorithms for dual-zone control of a permanent-magnet synchronous motor
Authors: Davydov A. E. , Bochenkov B. M. , Pankrats Y. V.
Published: March 2024

The article is aimed at extending the speed range of a permanent-magnet synchronous motor in the main-motion electric drive of a machine tool (while maintaining the power characteristics). In this work, the electric drive of a permanent-magnet synchronous motor was mathematically modeled using the SimInTech software. As input data for modeling, the following DC motor parameters were used: nominal power of 2.2 kW, voltage of 315 V, speed of 1500 rpm, energy conversion efficiency of 90.5%, and nominal current of 6 A. An algorithm for controlling the electric drive was developed to include two control zones: zone of maximum power and increased speed zone. It is shown that in the maximum power zone, the nominal characteristics are maintained, while in the increased speed zone, an increase in motor speed of up to two times is achieved in the main-motion electric drive of the machine tool without a decrease in its power characteristics. Numerical experiments were conducted, as well as an analysis comparing the control algorithm and conventional control methods, which confirmed the theoretical values. The modeling results showed that with the control of permanent-magnet synchronous motors, the power consumption of a control system in the second zone does not exceed the nominal values. Thus, the developed system for controlling permanent-magnet synchronous motors provides effective control over the main-motion electric drive of a machining tool that demonstrates improved performance in machining materials made of low-hardness metals. The present study is of practical importance for industries in which increasing motor speed in machine tools constitutes an important factor in improving capacity and reducing machining time.
Обзор методов реализации виртуальной инерции в условиях работы энергосистем с ветровыми и солнечными электростанциями
Authors: Idrisov A. R. , Achitaev A. A.
Published: March 2024

Цель – провести обзор литературных источников, посвященных методам реализации виртуальной инерции ветровых и солнечных электростанций, с помощью которых возможно увеличение качества их управления. Изучено около 50 научных статей и обзоров, подобранных в различных научных источниках (в том числе IEEE, Web of Science и Scopus) по следующим ключевым словам: «ветроустановка», «ветроэлектрическая станция», «виртуальная инерция», «микросеть», «системы накопления энергии», «суперконденсатор», «регулирование частоты». Применен метод систематизированного обзора специализированных источников, который дает возможность обеспечить четко определенную структуру для данной области исследований путем категоризации статей. Проведен анализ работ, посвященных снижению негативного влияния возобновляемых источников энергии на энергосистему. Показано, что развитие технологий, позволяющих повысить регулировочные способности электростанции на основе возобновляющих источников энергии, является актуальной задачей, так как их низкая инерция приводит к снижению устойчивости энергосистем. Из анализа литературных источников следует, что одним из решений повышения устойчивости таких энергосистем является создание виртуальной инерции ветроэнергетических установок и солнечных панелей. Однако ввиду ограниченной мощности отдельных генерирующих установок эффективность внедрения виртуальной инерции может быть недостаточной при ее независимой реализации на отдельных агрегатах. В связи с этим показано, что многообещающим решением может стать создание виртуальной инерции на основе гибридной системы, состоящей из суперконденсатора и генерирующей установки, управляемой на основе метода виртуального синхронного генератора. В данном обзоре выполнен анализ специализированных источников по вопросу методов реализации виртуальной инерции в условиях работы энергосистем с ветровыми и солнечными электростанциями. Сделан вывод о том, что на сегодняшний день исследования предлагаемого подхода не проводились либо не представлены, а описанные в обзоре тезисы можно подтвердить, разработав необходимые алгоритмы и проведя анализ результатов.
A Mixed-Method Study on the Impact of Movie-Based Learning on Chinese Undergraduates’ Cultural Identity
Authors:   Faculty of Education, Universiti Kebangssan Malaysia., Tao Jing , Karim Aidah Abdul ,   Faculty of Education, Universiti Kebangssan Malaysia., Nasir Mohd Khalid Mohamad
Published: March 2024

In the context of higher education in China, this mixed-methods study with an intervention design explores the impact of Movie-Based Learning (MBL) on university students’ cultural identity (CI) within a movie education course. Quantitative findings indicated that MBL significantly enhanced CI, particularly in cognitive and emotional dimensions, while behavioral identity did not exhibit improvement. Notably, the effect of MBL on CI surpassed that of regular instruction in the control group, which improved general CI but not cognitive, emotional, or behavioral identity. Qualitative findings illuminated learners’ acceptance of MBL, revealing emotional resonance and connection with culturally rich and diverse movies. Despite positive perceptions, participants expressed uncertainty about translating cultural knowledge and awareness gained in the classroom to real-world actions and behavior. This research contributes to the understanding of the nuanced impact of MBL on CI development, which highlights the effectiveness of MBL but also underscores the need to address the transferability of cultural knowledge to behavioral actions. Implications include the importance of refining instructional strategies to bridge this gap and enhance the practical applicability of cultural learning beyond the classroom.
From Folklore to Film: The Politics of Storytelling and Ecological Agency in the film Kantara
Authors:   Department of English, VET Institute of Arts and Science (Co-Education) College, Erode – 638012, Tamilnadu, India., Kumar Sathish C
Published: March 2024

In 2022, the Kannada film “Kantara” captivated audiences with its unique blend of folklore, environmentalism, and political commentary. This paper argues that “Kantara” transcends conventional cinema to become a powerful agent of ecological discourse and empowerment. Set against India’s backdrop of complex human-nature interactions, “Kantara” weaves a narrative that resonates with contemporary concerns. Drawing upon postcolonial ecocriticism, indigenous studies, and film theory, this analysis delves into the film’s layered meanings. We examine how “Kantara” intertwines the legend of a forest deity with the struggles of a tribal community facing displacement. The film celebrates indigenous knowledge and critiques exploitative development through its portrayal of traditional rituals and beliefs. “Kantara” goes beyond storytelling; it immerses viewers in a sensory experience. Breathtaking visuals and a powerful musical score paint a vivid picture of the sacred forest and its inhabitants, creating a deep emotional connection. Ultimately, “Kantara” compels viewers to become active participants in the dialogue surrounding ecology and social justice. By analyzing the film’s subversive potential and its celebration of community resilience, we argue that it acts as a catalyst for ecological agency, inspiring viewers to advocate for sustainable practices and fight for cultural preservation. This paper contributes to the growing scholarship on folklore, film, and environmental activism in India. By offering a detailed analysis of “Kantara,” we aim to enrich the discourse on cinema’s role in fostering critical engagement with ecological and social issues. Examining the film’s nuanced portrayal of folklore, its powerful environmental message, and its subversive political commentary, we hope to shed light on the transformative potential of storytelling in shaping a more just and sustainable future.
Results of Budget and Tax Policy in the New Conditions
Authors: Bukina I. S.
Published: March 2024

In  2023,  the  Russian  economy  recovered  relatively  quickly,  despite  the  persistence  of geopolitical tensions, the risks of new sanctions and the deterioration of the global situation. This has a beneficial effect on the results of budget execution of the budget system of the Russian Federation. At the same time, the question remains whether there is a transformation of the influence of external and internal factors on the state of budgets and fiscal policy. An analysis of the results for 2023 and their comparison with 2021 showed that the nominal stabilization of oil and gas revenues of the federal budget, the growth of non-oil and gas revenues and the resumption of the fiscal rule are occurring against the backdrop of an increase in the tax burden and expenses. The increase in expenditures related to defense, security and related social payments is accompanied by a reduction in civilian expenditures of the federal budget and an increase in both the federal internal debt and the debt of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
The Role of Biotechnologies in Russian Regions Growth Poles Development
Authors: Titova E. S.
Published: March 2024

Existing  technological  structure  transformation  taking  place  in  Russia  and  many  other countries includes, in particular, bioeconomy development, which is based on the widespread modern biotechnologies using necessary to ensure national technological sovereignty. In order to analyze bioeconomy introduction and development prospects in Russian regions, which differ significantly in economic activity specifics, this article studied the relevant growth poles, considering qualified personnel availability, as well as organizational solutions used to optimize scientific and pedagogical work. The research was carried out using a quantitative analysis of regional location specially formed in Russia scientific, technical, educational and production facilities (as centers of concentration of scientific research and technology transfer), as well as leading specialized universities. The data obtained are compared with the students` from a number of universities survey on the biotechnologies creation and using.