bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of the Intestinal Absorption of Six Flavonoids from Zizyphi Spinosi Semen Across Caco-2 Cell Monolayer Model
Authors: Song Panpan , Xiao Sa , Zhang Yanqing , Xie Junbo , Cui Xusheng
Published: July 2020

Background:

Flavonoid compounds are one kind of active ingredients isolated from a traditional Chinese
herb Zizyphi spinosae semen (ZSS). Studies have shown that ZSS flavonoids have significant antioxidant effects.

Methods:

In this study, the Caco-2 cell monolayer model was constructed to investigate the intestinal absorption
characteristics and mechanism of Isovitexin (IV), Swertisin (ST), Isovitexin-2''-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (IVG),
Spinosin (S), 6'''-p-coumaroylspinosin (6-CS) and 6'''-feruloylspinosin (6-FS).

Results:

The results of the bidirectional transport assay showed that the six flavonoids have good intestinal
absorption in a near-neutral and 37°C environment, and the absorbability in descending order was 6-FS>6-
CS>IVG>S>IV>ST. The results of carrier inhibition experiments and transport kinetics indicated that the absorption
mechanism of six flavonoids was energy-dependent monocarboxylate transporter (MCT)-mediated active transport.
In particular, the para-cellular pathway also participated in the transport of IV, ST, IVG and S. Furthermore, the
efflux process of six flavonoids was mediated by P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and multidrug resistance protein (MRP),
which may result in a decrease of bioavailability.

Conclusion:

Our findings provide significant information for revealing the relationship between the intestinal
absorption mechanism of flavonoids and its structure as well as laying a basis for the research of flavonoid
preparations.
Altered Expression of microRNAs in Serum Extracellular Vesicles in Rats with Severe Burns during Shock Stage
Authors: Dong Mengru , Gao Yanbin , Li Minxiong , Yang Lei
Published: July 2020

Background:

The shock stage of severe burns is a critical determinant of
prognosis and the induction of systemic inflammatory response syndrome and multiple
organ failure. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing abundant miRNAs are known to
participate in various biological processes. Due to the lack of research on alternations of
miRNAs in severe burns, our study analyzed the miRNA profiles of EVs in severe burns
during the shock stage.

Methods:

EVs were extracted from the serum of rats with severe burns (30% of total
body surface area, III°), and the expression of miRNAs in serum EVs was determined by
next-generation sequencing. Functional analysis of target genes of miRNAs that were
significantly differentially expressed (DE) was performed using GO Ontology (GO) and
Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG).

Results:

Thirty-four DE miRNAs were identified at the early stage of severe burn shock
and 63 at the late stage of severe burn shock. In addition, miRNA-339-5p, miRNA-1,
miRNA-382-5p, miRNA134-5p, miRNA-133a-5p, and miRNA-365a-5p were DE
throughout the entire shock stage, based on P <0.01 and |log2 (foldchange)| ≥ 1 criteria.
GO and KEGG analysis revealed that the target genes of DE miRNAs mainly enriched
the metabolic process, immune system processes, and signal pathways.

Conclusion:

To our best knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating the miRNA
expression profiles of EVs isolated from serum with severe burns during the shock
stage. There are significant differences between downregulation and upregulation. Thus,
miRNAs have the potential for novel biomarkers for the complication of severe burns.
Deranged Fractional Excretion of Magnesium and Serum Magnesium Levels in Relation to Retrograde Glycaemic Regulation in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Esmeralda Corvera A.C. , David Pedroza E. , Maldonado Irais C. , Ibrahim Sharara Núñez A. , David Alcántar S. , Escorza Martha A.Q. , Dealmy Delgadillo G.
Published: July 2020

Background:

Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) has been associated with deficiencies in serum magnesium
level, decreasing insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism. Glycosylated hemoglobin (Hb1Ac)
is a biomarker of glucose values within the half-life of the erythrocyte, that is, 3 months. Low circulating
and intracellular magnesium levels can modify glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Renal
solute management is a parameter little used to estimate circulating and excreted concentrations of elements
such as magnesium.

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to assess and associated fractional excretion of magnesium
(FEMg) and serum magnesium with metabolic parameters, especially Hb1Ac percent, in a group of well
characterized subjects with T2DM and non-diabetics subjects (ND).

Methods:

According to Hb1Ac, two groups were compared and associated with existing biochemical
parameters, included Hb1Ac, fasting glucose, lipid profile, serum creatinine, serum magnesium and urinary
creatinine for FEMg.

Results:

HbA1c levels were explained by serum magnesium in 25%. Serum magnesium levels in the
ND group were higher than in the T2DM group and this was a statistically significant difference. Serum
magnesium ≤1.8 is a risk factor (OD 16.1; P=0.021) for an HbA1c ≥ 6.5%.

Conclusion:

In this study, hypomagnesemia was a parameter strongly associated with the diagnosis and
progression of T2DM, while FEMg showed no significant association.
Current Evidence on the Effect of Dietary Polyphenols Intake on Brain Health
Authors: D'Angelo Stefania
Published: July 2020

Background:

In recent years, the possibility of favorably influencing the cognitive capacity
through the promotion of lifestyle modifications has been increasingly investigated. In particular,
the relationship between nutritional habits and brain health has attracted special attention. Polyphenols
are secondary metabolites of plants. These phytochemicals are present in vegetables, fruits, legumes,
olive oil, nuts. They include several antioxidant compounds and are generally considered to be
involved in defense against chronic human diseases. In recent years, there has been a growing scientific
interest in their potential health benefits to the brain.

Objective:

In this mini-review, we focus on the current evidence defining the position of polyphenols
dietary intake in the prevention/slowdown of human neurodegenerative diseases.

Methods:

A literature research was performed using the keywords “polyphenols”, “brain”, “nutrition”,
individually or all together, focusing on human trials.

Results:

The available clinical studies on the effect of polyphenols on cognitive functions are quite
convincing. Regular dietary intake of polyphenols would seem to reduce the risk of neurodegenerative
diseases. Moreover, beyond their beneficial power on the central nervous system, these phytochemicals
seem also to be able to work on numerous cellular targets. They show different biological
actions, that however, have to be confirmed in long-term randomized clinical trials. Currently, most
data propose that a combination of phytonutrients instead of any single polyphenol is responsible for
health benefits.

Conclusions:

Evolving indications suggest that dietary polyphenols may exercise beneficial actions
on the central nervous system, thus representing a possible tool to preserve cognitive performance.
Key questions to improve the coherence and reproducibility in the development of polyphenols as a
possible future therapeutic drug require a better understanding of the sources of polyphenols, their
treatment and more standardized tests including bioavailability of bioactive metabolites and studies
of permeability of the brain.
Identification and Investigation of Chalcone Derivatives as Calcium Channel Blockers: Pharmacophore Modeling, Docking Studies, In vitro Screening, and 3D-QSAR Analysis
Authors: Sherikar Amol S. , Bhatia Manish S. , Dhavale Rakesh P.
Published: July 2020

Background:

The chalcones were reported to have many biological activities by showing
affinity towards many enzymatic targets. The effect of nitric oxide (NO) on calcium channel was
extensively studied in different animals; the study was also carried out for NO donor drug and its
effect on calcium channel. Till date, the inhibition of calcium channel is of prime importance in the
medicinal chemistry to discover newer vascular smooth muscle relaxant drugs.

Objective:

The main objective of this work is to carry out in silico and in vitro evaluation of NO
donor chalcones for calcium channel blocking potency.

Methods:

The present work includes in silico evaluation of chalcone derivatives for calcium channel
blocking potency. The promising scaffolds were identified after pharmacophore modeling and docking
study. The in vitro screening of 21 lead molecules for calcium channel blocking potency was carried out
on pulmonary veins of adult goat, IC50 values were determined and 3D QSAR was performed.

Result:

The pharmacophore modeling revealed that hydrogen bond donor, hydrogen bond acceptor,
and hydrophobic groups are important features for calcium channel blocking activity. The
docking study revealed the existence of hydrophobic, hydrogen bond and Vander wall's interactions
between amino acid residues and ligands. The in vitro screening showed that the compounds AI6,
Ca2, and D8 were potent, produced 4.756, 3.608 and 5.211 μM of IC50 respectively, whereas the
standard Nifedipine showed the potency of 1.304 μM of IC50. The 3D QSAR study explained the
importance of different steric and electrostatic parameters and their correlation for L type calcium
channel blocking activity.

Conclusion:

This study showed that the chalcone scaffold with NO donor capacity is promising for designing novel
calcium channel blockers to treat vascular disorders.
Corticosteroids in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients: A Practical Guide for Physicians
Authors: Di Paolo Maria Carla , Pagnini Cristiano , Graziani Maria Giovanna
Published: July 2020

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBDs) are chronic conditions characterized by unknown
etiology and pathogenesis with deregulation of mucosal immunity. Among possible treatments,
corticosteroids, already available from the ’50s, are still the mainstay of treatment for moderate to
severe disease. Nonetheless, the use of steroids is still largely empirical and solid evidence about
therapeutic schemes are lacking. Moreover, due to the important side-effects and for the unsatisfactory
impact on the long-term natural history of the disease, the steroid-sparing has become an
important therapeutic goal in IBD management. Besides conventional steroids, the so-called “low
bioavailability” steroids, which are steroids with high affinity for peripheral receptors and elevated
hepatic first-pass metabolism, have demonstrated efficacy and a more favorable safety profile. In
the present review of the literature evidence of efficacy and safety of conventional and low
bioavailability steroids in IBD patients are evaluated, and practical suggestions for a correct use in
clinical practice are presented according to the current clinical guidelines.
Hipertansiyon Hastalarında İlaç Tedavisine Uyumun Yaşam Kalitesi ve Sağlık Algısıyla İlişkisi
Authors: EMRE Nilüfer , EDİRNE Tamer , ÖZŞAHİN Aysun , ÇOBAN Nilgün , YANIK Aybüke
Published: July 2020

Giriş: Hipertansiyon tedavisinde ilaç uyumu, hastalık yönetiminin önemli bir bileşenidir. Çalışmamızın amacı, hipertansiyon tanısı olan hastalardaki ilaç uyumunun, yaşam kalitesi ve sağlık algısıyla ilişkisini incelemektir. Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı-kesitsel nitelikte olan bu çalışma, Denizli il merkezinde bulunan bir aile sağlığı merkezinde, hipertansiyon tanısı almış hastalarda yapılmıştır. Verilerin toplanmasında, sosyodemografik özellikler, antihipertansif ilaç uyum ölçeği, yaşam kalitesi ölçeği ve sağlık algısı ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılan 117 hastanın yaş ortalaması 62,85±9,29 olup, %55,6’sı kadındı. Katılımcıların, ilaç tedavisine uyum ölçek puanı ortalaması 3,98± 1,73 idi ve %93,2’si ilaç tedavisine uymaktaydı. Katılımcıların sağlık algısı ortalama puanı 49,76±6,50 idi ve sağlık algısı puanı ile ilaç tedavisine uyum puanı arasında negatif yönde zayıf düzeyde ilişki bulunmuştur (r=-0,211; p=0,023). Yaşam kalitesi alt ölçeklerinden fiziksel bileşenlerin özeti ortalama puanı 43,59±5,69; mental bileşenlerin özeti ortalama puanı 47,10±6,62 bulunmuştur. İlaç tedavisine uyum puanı ile yaşam kalitesi alt ölçekleri arasında ilişki saptanamamıştır. Ayrıca ilaç tedavisine uyumları iyi olanların istatistiksel olarak anlamlı oranda tansiyonlarının kontrol altında olduğu tespit edilmiştir (p=0,003). Sonuç: Çalışmamızda, hastaların ilaç tedavisine uyumunu, sağlık algısının etkilediği ancak yaşam kalitesiyle ilişkili olmadığı gösterilmiştir. Ayrıca ilaç tedavisine uyumu iyi olan hastaların tansiyon değerleri kontrol altındaydı ve evde tansiyon ölçümlerinin de ilaç uyumunu artırdığı tespit edilmiştir
Влияние интегрированных сопротивлений, созданных под действием ионного облучения, на сверхпроводящие переходы нанопроводников из нитрида ниобия
Authors: Гурович Б.А. , Приходько К.Е. , Гончаров Б.В. , Дементьева М.М. , Кутузов Л.В. , Комаров Д.А. , Домантовский А.Г. , Столяров В.Л. , Ольшанский Е.Д.
Published: July 2020

Исследовано влияние интегрированных сопротивлений, созданных под действием облучения в нанопроводе, на его сверхпроводящие переходы. Рассмотрены нанопровода из нитрида ниобия шириной 75-20000 nm, изготовленные из пленки NbN толщиной 5 nm на подложках из монокристаллического кремния, покрытого слоем термического оксида кремния толщиной 0.3 μm и на подложках из сапфира. Описано влияние встроенной резистивной области на величину критического тока перехода из сверхпроводящего состояния в нормальное. Ключевые слова: тонкие сверхпроводящие пленки NbN, критические токи перехода сверхпроводящих нанопроводов, криоэлектронные устройства, интегрированные криогенные резисторы, ионное облучение.
Сглаживающий эффект Si-слоев в многослойных зеркалах Be/Al для спектрального диапазона 17-31 nm
Authors: Плешков Р.С. , Зуев С.Ю. , Полковников В.Н. , Салащенко Н.Н. , Свечников М.В. , Чхало Н.И. , Jonnard P.
Published: July 2020

The results of studying the smoothing effect of thin Si films used as buffer layers in Be/Al multilayer mirrors optimized for operation at wavelengths longer than 17.1 nm are presented. The multilayer mirrors of the near-normal (grazing angle 88º) and sliding incidence (grazing angle 33.5º) are investigated. It is shown that the effect is observed for multilayer Be/Si/Al mirrors with periods of at least 29 nm. For normal incidence mirrors optimized for a wavelength of 17.14 nm, a record peak reflection coefficient of 62.5% was obtained with spectral selectivity λ/Δλ=59. The time stability of these mirrors was investigated.
Электронно-стимулированная десорбция атомов калия из слоев калия на поверхности K-=SUB=-x-=/SUB=-Au-=SUB=-y-=/SUB=-
Authors: Кузнецов Ю.А. , Лапушкин М.Н.
Published: July 2020

The K atom electron-stimulated desorption (ESD) processes in K/KxAuy/Au/W system have been studied. There have been shown that ESD processes have been occurred in the K adlayer and in the nearest KxAuy layer. The K atom ESD model in K/KxAuy/Au/W system have been suggested. Semiconductor nature of KxAuy compounds have been corroborated.
Особенности влияния исходного состава органических расслаивающихся смесей в микроразмерных порах на взаимную растворимость компонентов
Authors: Шишулин А.В. , Федосеев В.Б.
Published: July 2020

The influence of pore size and initial compositions of stratifying organic mixtures in microsized pores on the composition and stability of coexisting phases in a heterogeneous state has been demonstrated by means of equilibrium chemical thermodynamics. Using the example of several binary organic systems, it has been shown that, unlike macrosized phases, mutual solubilities of components in microsized pores substantially depend on the size of a pore and initial composition of a mixture, and even characters of solubility dependences on pore size are different for mixtures of different compositions. A thermodynamic interpretation of the obtained results has also been suggested based on several different mechanisms of lowering the free energy of the system.
Health Promotion Model Not Smoking among Adolescents: A Path Analysis Evidence from Indonesia
Authors: Riyadi Sujono
Published: July 2020

Smoking behavior is a threat to public health. This study identified factors that influence non-smoking behavior among adolescents. The aim is to determine the effect of media exposure, knowledge of the dangers of smoking, social capital, access to cigarettes among adolescents by using Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB).

This cross-sectional study was conducted in Kulon Progo Regency, Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia, in April - May 2018. The dependent variable is non-smoking behavior. Independent variables were intention to not smoke, attitude to smoking, knowledge of tobacco use, subjective norms of not smoking, control of perceived behaviors for not smoking, media exposure to cigarette advertising, access to cigarettes and social capital among teenagers. Data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by path analysis carried out in Stata 13.

This study resulted in an attitude towards not smoking (b = 1,15; 95% CI = 0,55 to 1,75; p< 0,001), subjective norm for not smoking (b = 1,56; 95% CI = 0,96 to 2,16; p <0,001), and perceived behavioral control for not smoking (b = 1,99; 95% CI = 1,39 to 2,60; p <0,001), which affects the intention of not smoking, and finally on non-smoking behavior. Exposure to tobacco advertising has an indirect impact on non-smoking behavior through attitudes toward non-smoking (b = -0,82; 95% CI = -1,28 to -0,37; p< 0,001) and the intention not to smoke. This exposure to cigarette advertising also has an indirect impact on non-smoking behavior through low knowledge about smoking (b = -0,45; 95% CI = -0,47 to -0,03; p = 0,037). Weak social capital has an indirect impact on non-smoking behavior through subjective norms of smoking (b = 0,64; 95% CI = 0,25 to 1,05; p = 0,001) and the intention not to smoke. Knowledge about tobacco smoking (poor) impact on perceived behavior control not to smoke (b = 1,59; 95% CI = 1,15 to 2,03; p <0,001) and influential to attitude positive toward no smoking (b = 1,60; 95% CI = 1,16 to 2,05; p <0,001).

Health promotion model with Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) can be used to explain not smoking behavior among adolescents.

 
Calibrating Wrist-Worn Accelerometers for Physical Activity Assessment in Preschoolers: Machine Learning Approaches
Authors: Li Shiyu , Howard Jeffrey T , Sosa Erica T , Cordova Alberto , Parra-Medina Deborah , Yin Zenong
Published: July 2020

Background

Physical activity (PA) level is associated with multiple health benefits during early childhood. However, inconsistency in the methods for quantification of PA levels among preschoolers remains a problem.

Objective

This study aimed to develop PA intensity cut points for wrist-worn accelerometers by using machine learning (ML) approaches to assess PA in preschoolers.

Methods

Wrist- and hip-derived acceleration data were collected simultaneously from 34 preschoolers on 3 consecutive preschool days. Two supervised ML models, receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and ordinal logistic regression (OLR), and one unsupervised ML model, k-means cluster analysis, were applied to establish wrist-worn accelerometer vector magnitude (VM) cut points to classify accelerometer counts into sedentary behavior, light PA (LPA), moderate PA (MPA), and vigorous PA (VPA). Physical activity intensity levels identified by hip-worn accelerometer VM cut points were used as reference to train the supervised ML models. Vector magnitude counts were classified by intensity based on three newly established wrist methods and the hip reference to examine classification accuracy. Daily estimates of PA were compared to the hip-reference criterion.

Results

In total, 3600 epochs with matched hip- and wrist-worn accelerometer VM counts were analyzed. All ML approaches performed differently on developing PA intensity cut points for wrist-worn accelerometers. Among the three ML models, k-means cluster analysis derived the following cut points: ≤2556 counts per minute (cpm) for sedentary behavior, 2557-7064 cpm for LPA, 7065-14532 cpm for MPA, and ≥14533 cpm for VPA; in addition, k-means cluster analysis had the highest classification accuracy, with more than 70% of the total epochs being classified into the correct PA categories, as examined by the hip reference. Additionally, k-means cut points exhibited the most accurate estimates on sedentary behavior, LPA, and VPA as the hip reference. None of the three wrist methods were able to accurately assess MPA.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates the potential of ML approaches in establishing cut points for wrist-worn accelerometers to assess PA in preschoolers. However, the findings from this study warrant additional validation studies.
Exploring the Privacy-Preserving Properties of Word Embeddings: Algorithmic Validation Study (Preprint)
Authors: Abdalla Mohamed , Abdalla Moustafa , Hirst Graeme , Rudzicz Frank
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND

Word embeddings are dense numeric vectors used to represent language in neural networks. Until recently, there had been no publicly released embeddings trained on clinical data. Our work is the first to study the privacy implications of releasing these models.

OBJECTIVE

This paper aims to demonstrate that traditional word embeddings created on clinical corpora that have been deidentified by removing personal health information (PHI) can nonetheless be exploited to reveal sensitive patient information.

METHODS

We used embeddings created from 400,000 doctor-written consultation notes and experimented with 3 common word embedding methods to explore the privacy-preserving properties of each.

RESULTS

We found that if publicly released embeddings are trained from a corpus anonymized by PHI removal, it is possible to reconstruct up to 68.5% (n=411/600) of the full names that remain in the deidentified corpus and associated sensitive information to specific patients in the corpus from which the embeddings were created. We also found that the distance between the word vector representation of a patient’s name and a diagnostic billing code is informative and differs significantly from the distance between the name and a code not billed for that patient.

CONCLUSIONS

Special care must be taken when sharing word embeddings created from clinical texts, as current approaches may compromise patient privacy. If PHI removal is used for anonymization before traditional word embeddings are trained, it is possible to attribute sensitive information to patients who have not been fully deidentified by the (necessarily imperfect) removal algorithms. A promising alternative (ie, anonymization by PHI replacement) may avoid these flaws. Our results are timely and critical, as an increasing number of researchers are pushing for publicly available health data.
Characteristics, Symptom Severity, and Experiences of Patients Reporting Chronic Kidney Disease in the PatientsLikeMe Online Health Community: Retrospective and Qualitative Study (Preprint)
Authors: James Glen , Nyman Elisabeth , Fitz-Randolph Marcy , Niklasson Anna , Hedman Katarina , Hedberg Jonatan , Wittbrodt Eric T , Medin Jennie , Moreno Quinn Carol , Allum Alaster M , Emmas Cathy
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major global health burden, and is associated with increased adverse outcomes, poor quality of life, and substantial health care costs. While there is an increasing need to build patient-centered pathways for improving CKD management in clinical care, data in this field are scarce.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to understand patient-reported experiences, symptoms, outcomes, and treatment journeys among patients with CKD through a retrospective and qualitative approach based on data available through PatientsLikeMe (PLM), an online community where patients can connect and share experiences.

METHODS

Adult members (aged ≥18 years) with self-reported CKD within 30 days of enrollment, who were not on dialysis, and registered between 2011 and 2018 in the PLM community were eligible for the retrospective study. Patient demographics and disease characteristics/symptoms were collected from this retrospective data set. Qualitative data were collected prospectively through semistructured phone interviews in a subset of patients, and questions were oriented to better understand patients’ experiences with CKD and its management.

RESULTS

The retrospective data set included 1848 eligible patients with CKD, and median age was 56 years. The majority of patients were female (1217/1841, 66.11%) and most were US residents (1450/1661, 87.30%). Of the patients who reported comorbidities (n=1374), the most common were type 2 diabetes (783/1374, 56.99%), hypertension (664/1374, 48.33%), hypercholesterolemia (439/1374, 31.95%), and diabetic neuropathy (376/1374, 27.37%). The most commonly reported severe or moderate symptoms in patients reporting these symptoms were fatigue (347/484, 71.7%) and pain (278/476, 58.4%). In the qualitative study, 18 eligible patients (13 females) with a median age of 60 years and who were mainly US residents were interviewed. Three key concepts were identified by patients to be important to optimal care and management: listening to patient needs, coordinating health care across providers, and managing clinical care.

CONCLUSIONS

This study provides a unique source of real-world information on the patient experience of CKD and its management by utilizing the PLM network. The results reveal the challenges these patients face living with an array of symptoms, and report key concepts identified by patients that can be used to further improve clinical care and management and inform future CKD studies.
Lifelog Data-Based Prediction Model of Digital Health Care App Customer Churn: Retrospective Observational Study (Preprint)
Authors: Kwon Hongwook , Kim Ho Heon , An Jaeil , Lee Jae-Ho , Park Yu Rang
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND

Customer churn is the rate at which customers stop doing business with an entity. In the field of digital health care, user churn prediction is important not only in terms of company revenue but also for improving the health of users. Churn prediction has been previously studied, but most studies applied time-invariant model structures and used structured data. However, additional unstructured data have become available; therefore, it has become essential to process daily time-series log data for churn predictions.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to apply a recurrent neural network structure to accept time-series patterns using lifelog data and text message data to predict the churn of digital health care users.

METHODS

This study was based on the use data of a digital health care app that provides interactive messages with human coaches regarding food, exercise, and weight logs. Among the users in Korea who enrolled between January 1, 2017 and January 1, 2019, we defined churn users according to the following criteria: users who received a refund before the paid program ended and users who received a refund 7 days after the trial period. We used long short-term memory with a masking layer to receive sequence data with different lengths. We also performed topic modeling to vectorize text messages. To interpret the contributions of each variable to model predictions, we used integrated gradients, which is an attribution method.

RESULTS

A total of 1868 eligible users were included in this study. The final performance of churn prediction was an F1 score of 0.89; that score decreased by 0.12 when the data of the final week were excluded (F1 score 0.77). Additionally, when text data were included, the mean predicted performance increased by approximately 0.085 at every time point. Steps per day had the largest contribution (0.1085). Among the topic variables, poor habits (eg, drinking alcohol, overeating, and late-night eating) showed the largest contribution (0.0875).

CONCLUSIONS

The model with a recurrent neural network architecture that used log data and message data demonstrated high performance for churn classification. Additionally, the analysis of the contribution of the variables is expected to help identify signs of user churn in advance and improve the adherence in digital health care.
A comprehensive analysis of R0 with different lockdown phase during covid-19 in India (Preprint)
Authors: Chhabra Mayank , Agrawal Tushant
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND

Background: World Health organization declared Covid-19 as an outbreak, hence preventive measure like lockdown should be taken to control the spread of infection.

OBJECTIVE

Objective: This study offers an exhaustive analysis of the reproductive number (R0) in India with major intervention for COVID-19 outbreaks and analysed the lockdown effects on the Covid-19.

METHODS

Methodology: Covid-19 data extracted from Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. Then, a novel method implemented in the incidence and Optimum function in desolve package to the data of cumulative daily new confirmed cases for robustly estimating the reproduction number in the R software.

RESULTS

Result: Analysis has been seen that the lockdown was really quite as effective, India has already shown a major steady decline. The growth rate has fluctuated about 20 percent with trend line projections in various lockdown. A comparative analysis gives an idea of decline in value of R0 from 1.73 to 1.08. Annotation plot showing the predicted R0 values based on previous lockdown in month of June and July.

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusion: Without lockdown, the growth might not have been contained in India and may have gone into the exponential zone. We show that, the lockdown in India was fairly successful. The effect partial lifting of the lockdown (unlock) is also seen in the results, in terms of increment in R0 values. Hence this study provides a platform for policy makers and government authorities for implementing the strategies to prevent the spread of infection.
Efficiency Evaluation of European Countries in terms of COVID-19 (Preprint)
Authors: Bayram Gökçen , Yurtsever Özlem
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND

The COVID-19 Pandemic has effected millions of people all over the world. Therefore the behaviour of countries are important to minimise the losses.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the performance of 27 European Countries on spread and deaths caused by COVID-19 pandemics by using input-oriented data envelopment analysis (DEA) method. A comparison was done between the 27 European Countries for contagion control efficiency and medical treatment efficiency.

METHODS

The DEA model is performed in two stages. In the first stage, the contagion control efficiency is analysed whereas in the second stage the medical treatment efficiency is evaluated. Moreover, the countries are classified into the four zone by using the area chart. For the countries in each zones, some recommendations are given.

RESULTS

Luxembourg has a poor performance in contagion control. In addition, Denmark and Iceland have a good performance in medical treatment of COVID-19 patients in comparison to other countries in the study. Malta, Montenegro, Cyprus, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Greece, Netherlands and Norway are in Area 1, showing that these countries have been acted efficiently both in contagion control and medical treatment of the patients. Italy, Spain, Iceland and Portugal are in Area 2. These countries have had good performance in medical treatment but they have had controlled the contagion inefficiently. The countries which have been acted inefficiently both in contagion control and medical treatment of the patients are in Area 3. Luxembourg, North Macedonia, Switzerland and Turkey are in critical conditions in this manner. Lastly, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Austria, Bulgaria, Czechia, Hungary, France, Germany and Croatia are in Area 4. These countries have been successful in providing a good performance in contagion control but they have had poor performance in medical treatment.

CONCLUSIONS

The countries are classified in to the four zones according to their performance. Countries in Area 1 has a high performance in both contagion control and medical treatment. All the other countries should follow the footprints of the countries in Area 1. In addition, Luxembourg, North Macedonia, Switzerland and Turkey are in critical conditions and need a special attention.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ РАДИАЦИОННОГО ПОВЕДЕНИЯ ВЫСОКОВОЛЬТНЫХ ПОЛУПРОВОДНИКОВЫХ ПРИБОРОВ НА 4H-SIC ПО ЭФФЕКТАМ НАКОПЛЕННОЙ ДОЗЫ И ОДИНОЧНЫМ ЭФФЕКТАМ ОТКАЗОВ
Authors: Громова П.С. , Давыдов Г.Г.
Published: July 2020

Экспериментально определена область безопасной работы высоковольтных диодов Шоттки на структурах 4H-SiC иностранного производства. Исследована деградация 4H-SiC изделий при воздействии накопленной дозы ионизирующего излучения. Проведено сравнение с аналогичными данными для высоковольтных приборов кремния.

The paper highlights safe operating area for several types of high-voltage 4H-SiC Schottky diodes. Degradation of electrical parameters has been studied experimentally for several types of 4H-SiC power devices. Comparison with Si power devices has been carried out.
СТРУКТУРНЫЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ СИСТЕМ НА КРИСТАЛЛЕ, ПРИМЕНЯЕМЫХ В ИЗДЕЛИЯХ ПО ТЕХНОЛОГИИ IOT. ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ IP-БЛОКОВ НЕЙРОВЫЧИСЛЕНИЙ
Authors: Елин А.Ю. , Шокарев Б.А.
Published: July 2020

Рассмотрены ключевые особенности построения систем на кристалле, разрабатываемых для применения в рамках технологии Интернета вещей (IoT). Представлены выводы о преимуществах применения искусственных нейронных сетей в системах на кристалле для встраиваемых решений. Изложены некоторые подходы к аппаратной реализации нейровычислений в виде цифровых IP-блоков: процедурный подход, структурный подход, применение реконфигурируемых структур.

The paper highlights key features of building a System-on-chip developed for use in the Internet of Things technology (IoT). The conclusions about the benefits of using artificial neural networks in systems-on-a-chip for embedded solutions have been presented. Some approaches to the hardware implementation of neural computing in the form of digital IP blocks have been described: a procedural approach, a structural approach, the use of reconfigurable structures.
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ LDE-ЭФФЕКТОВ И МЕТОДОВ АТТЕСТАЦИИ ФАЙЛОВ DRC ДЛЯ СУБМИКРОННЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ 90-28 НМ
Authors: Загидуллина О.Р. , Надин А.С.
Published: July 2020

С уменьшением проектных норм увеличивается влияние LDE-эффектов. Как следствие, повышается сложность разработки командных файлов DRC и их верификации. В статье рассмотрены базовые методы верификации командных файлов: регрессионное тестирование, параметризованные и квалификационные ячейки. Данные методы позволяют исключить ошибки в командных файлах, появление которых может привести к необходимости повторения полного цикла работ по проектированию и изготовлению кристалла.

With the continuous scaling down of CMOS technologies the influence of Layout Dependent Effects increases. As a result, the complexity of developing and verifying DRC rule decks increases. The article discusses the basic methods for verifying rule decks: regression testing, parameterized cell and quality assurance cells. These methods allow eliminating errors in rule files, which may lead to the need to repeat the full cycle of work on the design and manufacture of the crystal.
РАЗРАБОТКА МЕТОДИКИ ОЦЕНКИ СТАБИЛЬНОСТИ OPC-РЕШЕНИЯ
Authors: Ипатова Е.В. , Иванов В.В. , Шамин Е.С.
Published: July 2020

Точность воспроизводимости схемы существенно зависит от результатов OPC, из-за чего даже незначительные изменения OPC-модели требуют тщательной проверки, включающей изготовление тестовых образцов, что является длительным и дорогостоящим процессом. Для решения этой проблемы предложена методика оценки стабильности OPC-решения.

The accuracy of the circuit reproducibility depends on the results of OPC. Minor changes to the OPC-model require careful verification, including the production of test samples, which is a long and expensive process. This paper presents the developed method for assessing the stability of the OPC-solution.
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ И РАЗРАБОТКА ИНТЕГРАЛЬНЫХ СИНТЕЗАТОРОВ ЛЧМ-СИГНАЛОВ W-ДИАПАЗОНА
Authors: Кожемякин А.С. , Кравченко И.В. , Вертегел В.В.
Published: July 2020

В докладе представлены результаты исследования и разработки схемы интегрального синтезатора частоты W-диапазона для автомобильного ЛЧМ-радиолокатора на основе 0,13 мкм SiGe БиКМОП технологического процесса. Согласно результатам моделирования, синтезатор обеспечивает линейную перестройку частоты в диапазоне 77-81 ГГц. Уровень фазового шума при отстройке частоты на 1 МГц не превышает -90 дБн/Гц.

The report presents the results of the research and development of the scheme of integrated W-range frequency synthesizer for automotive FMCW radar based on 0.13 μm SiGe BiCMOS technological process. According to simulation results, frequency synthesizer provides linear frequency tuning in the range of 77-81 GHz. Phase noise level at 1 MHz frequency offset does not exceed -90 dBc/Hz.
АНТЕННА НА ОСНОВЕ МЕТАМАТЕРИАЛА
Authors: Ларионов М.Ю. , Соболев А.С. , Резник А.Ю.
Published: July 2020

Смоделирована антенна в комплексе с метаматериалом, имеющим относительную диэлектрическую проницаемость, равную 81,5. Предложена модель метаматериала, а также методика оценки его диэлектрической проницаемости.
The paper presents an antenna simulated in combination with a metamaterial having a relative dielectric constant of 81.5. A metamaterial model has been proposed, as well as a method for estimating its dielectric constant.
УНИВЕРСАЛЬНЫЙ МОДУЛЬ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ СВЧ ППМ
Authors: Макаров А.Ю. , Тишин А.С.
Published: July 2020

Представлена концепция построения модуля управления СВЧ ППМ в составе АФАР. Показаны преимущества использования данного модуля управления. Рассмотрены особенности работы данного модуля в СВЧ-диапазоне.
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ПРОЦЕССА ГЛУБОКОГО ТРАВЛЕНИЯ КРЕМНИЯ С МИНИМАЛЬНОЙ ШЕРОХОВАТОСТЬЮ СТЕНОК И ДНА СТРУКТУР
Authors: Мирошкин Я.А.
Published: July 2020

Данная работа посвящена исследованию процессов глубокого анизотропного травления кремния. В качестве предложенных методов были проанализированы два подхода - Bosch и Cryo. Представлено феноменологическое описание вышеупомянутых методов, проведен анализ эксперимента по криогенному травлению кремния, полученный на базе ФТИАН, также предложена аналитическая модель Cryo-процесса.
This work is devoted to the study of the processes of deep anisotropic silicon etching. Two approaches (Bosch and Cryo) have been analyzed as proposed methods. The phenomenological description of the above mentioned methods has been presented, the analysis of the experiment on cryogenic etching of silicon obtained on the basis of FTIAN has been carried out, as well as an analytical model of Cryo process has been proposed.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ ЭКСТРАКЦИИ SPICE-МОДЕЛЕЙ ТРАНЗИСТОРОВ ДЛЯ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ КНИ ГЛУБОКОГО СУБМИКРОННОГО УРОВНЯ
Authors: Нуштаев А.В. , Потупчик А.Г.
Published: July 2020

Разработаны тестовые структуры для экстракции и верификации статических и динамических параметров SPICE-моделей транзисторов. Проведена экстракция SPICE-моделей МОП-транзисторов А-типа в рамках разработки комплекта средств проектирования для технологии КНИ-180. Проведена верификация статических и динамических параметров полученных моделей транзисторов.
The paper highlights test structures for the extraction and verification of static and dynamic parameters of the transistor SPICE model. The SPICE models of A-type MOS transistors for development process design kit for S0I180 technology have been extracted. Verification of static and dynamic parameters of the obtained transistor models has been carried out.
ЭЛЕКТРОННЫЕ ТРАНСПОРТНЫЕ СВОЙСТВА СОСТАВНЫХ КВАНТОВЫХ ЯМ INALAS/INGAAS НА ПОДЛОЖКАХ INP. СОДЕРЖАЩИХ НАНОВСТАВКУ INAS
Authors: Павленко И.А. , Василевский И.С.
Published: July 2020

В результате исследования гетер о структур с составной квантовой ямой InAlAs/InGaAs/InAs/InGaAs/InAlAs экспериментально определены подвижность, концентрация и эффективная масса электронов. Обнаружена анизотропия проводимости. Установлена высокая чувствительность электрофизических параметров к изменениям температуры роста составной квантовой ямы. Выявлена оптимальная температура роста СКЯ.
As a result of the study of heterostructures with an InAlAs/InGaAs/InAs/InGaAs/InAlAs composite quantum well, the mobility, concentration and effective mass of electrons have been experimentally determined. Anisotropy of conductivity has been found, as well as a high sensitivity of electrophysical parameters to changes in the growth temperature of a composite quantum well has been established. The optimal growth temperature of the composite quantum well has been revealed.
ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ЛАЗЕРНОГО СПЕКАНИЯ СЕРЕБРЯНЫХ НАНОЧАСТИЦ, ОСАЖДАЕМЫХ СУХОЙ АЭРОЗОЛЬНОЙ ПЕЧАТЬЮ
Authors: Хабаров К.М. , Корнюшин Д.В. , Иванов В.В.
Published: July 2020

Исследован процесс спекания локальным воздействием импульсного и непрерывного лазерного излучения с длинами волн 527, 1054 и 1064 нм массивов серебряных наночастиц со средним размером 60 нм, сформированных сухой аэрозольной печатью. Показано, что при использовании непрерывного лазерного излучения с длиной волны 1064 нм достигается минимальное удельное сопротивление линий в три раза выше, чем для объемного материала.
This work is devoted to the sintering of silver nanoparticle (NP) arrays with an average size of individual NPs of about 60 nm formed by dry aerosol printing. The sintering process was carried out by the local treatment of pulsed and continuous laser radiation with wavelengths of 527, 1054 and 1064 nm. It has been shown that when using continuous laser radiation with the wavelength of 1064 nm, the minimum specific resistance of samples was achieved 3 times higher than that for the bulk material.
АЗРАБОТКА И ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ЭКСПРЕСС-МЕТОДА ДЛЯ УВЕЛИЧЕНИЯ ОКНА ЛИТОГРАФИЧЕСКОГО ПРОЦЕССА
Authors: Харченко Е.Л. , Шамин Е.С. , Кузовков А.В. , Иванов В.В.
Published: July 2020

В данной работе приведены основы моделирования воздушного изображения, существующие методики и САПР для расстановки SRAF. На их основе разработан метод оценки правил расстановки вспомогательных непечатаемых структур. С помощью этого метода проведено исследование зависимости окна литографического процесса от правил расстановки вспомогательных структур, прописанных в рецепте.
This paper presents the basics of aerial image modeling, existing techniques, and CAD systems for the placement of SRAF. Based on them, a method has been developed for evaluating the rules for the placement of sub-resolution assist features. Using this method, a study has been conducted on the dependence of the lithographic process window on the placement rules for the sub-resolution assist features prescribed in the recipe.
MEMBANGUN KARAKTER SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR MELALUI PRAKTEK POLA ASUH ORANG TUA BERDASARKAN GENETIC PERSONALITY
Authors: Kamar Karnawi , Asbari Masduki , Purwanto Agus , Nurhayati Wakhida , Agistiawati Eva , Sudiyono Rachma Nadhila
Published: July 2020

Pendidikan karakter penting untuk menjadi mainstream pokok pendidikan di Indonesia baik di ranah formal, nonformal maupun informal. Terdapat beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi pengembangan karakter anak, di antaranya adalah pola asuh di keluarga (parenting style) dan genetic personality. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh parenting style dan genetic personality terhadap pengembangan karakter anak. Jenis penelitian adalah korelasional menggunakan metode survei dengan pendekatan penelitian kuantitatif. Populasi sekaligus sample penelitian ini adalah orang tua siswa Taman Kanak-kanak di Tangerang sebanyak 90 orang. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner (angket) yang disusun berdasarkan skala Likert. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk mengukur pola asuh parenting style merupakan hasil modifikasi dari Parenting Style Questionnaire (PSQ) (Robinson et al., 1995) dan (Roman et al., 2015). Instrumen untuk mengukur genetic personality diadaptasi dari (Poniman & Mangussara, 2013), sedangkan untuk mengukur pengembangan karakter anak menggunakan adaptasi dari (Poniman, 2014). Analisis pada penelitian ini menggunakan SEM (Structural Equation Model) dengan software SmartPLS versi 3.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa parenting style dan genetic personality berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap pengembangan karakter anak.
USE OF COLCHICINE TO COUNTERACT THE STRONG HYPERINFLAMMATORY STATE INDUCED BY SARS-COV-2
Authors: F Ferrara , F De Rosa , C Pelliccia , R La Porta , A Vitiello
Published: July 2020

Research in present time has been focusing on finding a specific SARS-CoV-2 vaccine or antiviral, which will probably be the therapeutic goal in the fight against the virus. In the meantime, scientific evidence shows that it is possible to have effective clinical improvements of infected patients in reducing the strong hyperinflammatory state. The SARS-CoV-2 infection is divided into three stages. The most serious phase is the third one where the immune system overdrives and launches an intense attack against itself. This is called "cytokine storm" and leads to tissue damage and often to death. Stopping the cytokine storm early is definitely an effective move; since March several studies have been evaluating how this can be an important pharmacological aspect. Blocking IL-6 or IL-1 inhibitors, for example, is already known to have wide efficacy, but they are not alone in being able to block the cascade of cytokines. This is a clinical pharmacology article and demonstrates how the use of colchicine, monotherapy or in combination in all three phases of SARS-CoV-2, controls inflammation and prevents patient death. Colchicine is safe and effective for treating SARS-CoV-2 patients in preventing inflammation and lung collapse and is certainly useful as an added remedy for other drugs. The advantage is certainly its safety profile much higher than that provided by other drugs, such as corticosteroids and immunosuppressive drugs. Note is the story of hydroxychloroquine: use has been banned due to its high toxicity.
Peer Review History:
Received 25 May 2020; Revised 10 June; Accepted 6 July, Available online 15 July 2020
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Received file

Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.5/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10
Reviewer(s) detail:
Name: Dr. Jennifer Audu-Peter
Affiliation: University of Jos, Nigeria
E-mail: drambia@yahoo.com
 
Name: Robert Tungadi
Affiliation: State University of Gorontalo, Indonesia
E-mail: rtungadi@yahoo.com
 
Comments of reviewer(s):