bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The problem of defining an interactive film: game or cinema
Authors: Khotin Demid Maksimovich
Published: February 2025

The article is devoted to the study of the problem of defining and classifying interactive cinema as a special media format in the modern digital space. The relevance of the research is conditioned by the rapid development of hybrid forms of media content, blurring the traditional boundaries between cinema and video games, as well as the lack of clear criteria for their theoretical classification. The research methodology is based on a comparative analysis of the characteristics of video games and cinema using M. McLuhan's theoretical concepts of ‘hot’ and ‘cold’ media, the ludological approach and narratological analysis. Interactive projects of Quantic Dream studio – ‘Fahrenheit’ and ‘Heavy Rain’, as well as examples of experimental formats in traditional cinema were used as the research material. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the attempt to distinguish interactive cinema as a separate type of media content; in the proposal of the concept of “hybrid media”, which combines the principles of visual narrative cinematography and interactivity, which allows us to classify new formats more precisely and to understand their features and possibilities more deeply. As a result of the research: the essential differences of interactive cinema from both traditional video games (the absence of classical game mechanics and progression systems) and cinematography (the presence of active user participation and variability of plot development) were revealed; the definition of a new category of “hybrid media” characterized by the combination of cinematic principles of visual narrative with elements of interactive interaction was proposed and substantiated; the specific position of the user in interactive cinema was analyzed, The results of the study contribute to the development of the theory of modern digital media and can be used for further study of hybrid forms of media content.
Implementation of the model of positive civic identity and traditional values of students
Authors: Pavlova Kseniya Nikolaevna
Published: February 2025

The article presents the developed and tested model of formation of positive civic identity and traditional values of students. The purpose of the article: to present the results of the formative experiment confirming the effectiveness of the model (increase in the indicators of positive civic identity and traditional values of students after its implementation). Research design: experiment, control diagnostics, the development and implementation of special tests on psychology of personal values. Participants: 20 students studying in the psychology department (experimental group) and 17 students studying in the special (defectological) education department (control group). Research loci: Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Transbaikal State University” (Chita, Russia). Methods (tools): value questionnaire by Sh. Schwartz, identity questionnaire in 16 categories (M. S. Yanitsky and others), R. Inglehart’s method (modification of M. S. Yanitsky), method of measuring the expression of civic identity (N. M. Lebedeva, A. N. Tatarko). Mathematical processing of data was carried out using the Wilcoxon T-test. The results of the forming experiment showed that during the implementation of the model there were significant shifts in the indicators of a number of values at the individual level (conformity, traditions, benevolence, safety). The significance of the identities “I as a representative of my people”, “I as a citizen of my country” and “I as a resident of this city” increased significantly. After psychological and pedagogical influence, the number of those who recognize the values of adaptation and socialization increased. The indicators “Strength” and “Valence” (degree of positivity) of civic identity increased significantly.
A Scary tale: the archetypal content of A.P. Chekhov's drama "Three Sisters"
Authors: Liashenko Tatiana Mihailovna
Published: February 2025

The object of the study is A.P. Chekhov's drama "Three Sisters" – one of the most popular and at the same time mysterious plays. For several months, Chekhov scrupulously worked on the text of this work, making edits even during rehearsals of the theatrical production, striving for a more accurate correspondence of the play to the original idea. Interpretations that reduce Chekhov's plan to a certain idea, as a rule, seem extremely one-sided, while the drama "Three Sisters" is complex and multi-layered. It can be assumed that by saturating the play with random, at a superficial glance, but significant details in a holistic perception, Chekhov forms a super-ideological meaning, thanks to which the work acquires deep psychologism and does not lose its relevance. The supersense that stands above other ideas and attitudes is the archetype – the image of the collective unconscious, which even before the emergence of fiction was embodied in myths and fairy tales. If we consider the drama "Three Sisters" from the standpoint of archetypal analysis, then much of what seems strange in the play gets a fairly clear explanation, and the details that seem "accidental" occupy an important place in the overall structure of the work. Archetypal analysis also provides an answer to the question of why the author himself called the drama "Three Sisters" "vaudeville" and "funny comedy". The comic in the play goes back to the theory of inconsistency formulated in the works of I. Kant and G.V.F. Hegel. Chekhov creates a phantasmagoric world, a half-tale, in which the problem of man's collision with mortality and the temporary nature of all things is comprehended: all the experiences and troubles of the heroes eventually devalue, turn into nothing.
Telegram: messenger capabilities and tools using the example of an online publication channel in the Belgorod region
Authors: Kornysheva Polina Evgen'evna
Published: February 2025

This article is devoted to the study of Telegram messenger functionality and tools for publishing content, increasing the audience of online media and the possibility of using chatbots for convenient and efficient interaction with readers. The subject of this study is the Telegram channel of the regional Internet edition Bel.ru. – the leader of the rating of the most quoted media in the Belgorod region for 2023 according to Medialogy research. The object of this study is modern media space. In the course of the analysis 549 publications on the Bel.ru channel were studied. In the article, the author pays special attention to the formats of publications used, their number, and also considers the features of the algorithm of publishing a message in messengers and social networks, which have significant differences. The author pays attention to the rapid growth rate of Telegram popularity and suggests further integration of Internet media with the messenger. The following methods of analysis are used in this paper: content analysis method, description method, structural-typological method. The results obtained in the course of the study may be useful for editors of online publications planning to create a channel in Telegram messenger or already having such a channel. The analysis allows us to conclude that a modern online publication uses many available tools to create a variety of content, interact with the audience and increase its reach. In turn, the messenger Telegram meets the requirements of online publications, in particular, offering a wide range of publication formats and the ability to customize chatbots. The author of the study concludes that editors of online publications seeking to expand their audience can use the messenger's capabilities to increase their presence in the information space, as well as to increase the reach of publications and additional monetization.
The birth of the "authorial commentary". The history of the concept from the word form to critical reception (1921-1935)
Authors: Deikun Ilia Dmitrievich
Published: February 2025

The subject of this study is the history of the concept of "authorial commentary" in Russian literary criticism of the 1920s and 30s. The moment of the appearance of its actual word form, as well as its equivalent, "auto-commentary", is recorded. The key research method is historical semantics, which provides a methodological framework for combining the semantic, pragmatic analysis of the concept of "author's commentary", as well as the epistemological analysis of the associated representation system. Auxiliary methods are the epistemology of the humanities, which makes it possible to establish the essence of the literary concept. In the course of this study, a sketch of the periodization of the history of the concept of "authorial commentary" was given. The thesis was put forward that the period from 1921 to 1935 is central to its existence in literary discourse, during which the tradition of its dual use was established. This tradition is relevant to this day. An epistemological characteristic of this period was given. It shows the predominance of the psychological understanding of commentary over its understanding as the form of literary study. It was found out that in the context of the formation of textology, this concept denoted the connection of an artistic work with the non-fiction texts of the author accompanying its appearance. The equivalence of the word forms "authorial commentary" and "auto-commentary" was demonstrated, and the thesis was put forward that author's commentary was defined by literary critics of the 20s and 30s as a type of auto-criticism, and the very doctrine of auto-criticism was part of the psychology of creativity. The last was predominant and influential concept of the time due to complex relations between psychoanalysis and psychological criticism, and young soviet literature studies.
Rate of brain aging associates with future executive function in Asian children and older adults
Authors: Cheng Susan F , Yue Wan Lin , Ng Kwun Kei , Qian Xing , Liu Siwei , Tan Trevor WK , Nguyen Kim-Ngan , Leong Ruth LF , Hilal Saima , Cheng Ching-Yu , Tan Ai Peng , Law Evelyn C , Gluckman Peter D , Chen Christopher Li-Hsian , Chong Yap Seng , Meaney Michael J , Chee Michael WL , Yeo BT Thomas , Zhou Juan Helen
Published: February 2025

Brain age has emerged as a powerful tool to understand neuroanatomical aging and its link to health outcomes like cognition. However, there remains a lack of studies investigating the rate of brain aging and its relationship to cognition. Furthermore, most brain age models are trained and tested on cross-sectional data from primarily Caucasian, adult participants. It is thus unclear how well these models generalize to non-Caucasian participants, especially children. Here, we tested a previously published deep learning model on Singaporean elderly participants (55
−
88 years old) and children (4
−
11 years old). We found that the model directly generalized to the elderly participants, but model finetuning was necessary for children. After finetuning, we found that the rate of change in brain age gap was associated with future executive function performance in both elderly participants and children. We further found that lateral ventricles and frontal areas contributed to brain age prediction in elderly participants, while white matter and posterior brain regions were more important in predicting brain age of children. Taken together, our results suggest that there is potential for generalizing brain age models to diverse populations. Moreover, the longitudinal change in brain age gap reflects developing and aging processes in the brain, relating to future cognitive function.
NAB2-STAT6 drives an EGR1-dependent neuroendocrine program in Solitary Fibrous Tumors
Authors: Hill Connor M , Indeglia Alexandra , Picone Francis , Murphy Maureen E , Cipriano Cara , Maki Robert G , Gardini Alessandro
Published: February 2025

The pathogenesis of many rare tumor types is poorly understood, preventing the design of effective treatments. Solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) are neoplasms of mesenchymal origin that affect 1/1,000,000 individuals every year and are clinically assimilated to soft tissue sarcomas. SFTs can arise throughout the body and are usually managed surgically. However, 30-40% of SFTs will relapse local-regionally or metastasize. There are no systemic therapies with durable activity for malignant SFTs to date. The molecular hallmark of SFTs is a gene fusion between the
NAB2
and
STAT6
loci on chromosome 12, resulting in a chimeric protein of poorly characterized function called NAB2-STAT6. We use primary samples and an inducible cell model to discover that NAB2-STAT6 operates as a transcriptional coactivator for a specific set of enhancers and promoters that are normally targeted by the EGR1 transcription factor. In physiological conditions, NAB2 is primarily localized to the cytoplasm and only a small nuclear fraction is available to operate as a co-activator of EGR1 targets. NAB2-STAT6 redirects NAB1, NAB2, and additional EGR1 to the nucleus and bolster the expression of neuronal EGR1 targets. The STAT6 moiety of the fusion protein is a major driver of its nuclear localization and further contributes to NAB2’s co-activating abilities. In primary tumors, NAB2-STAT6 activates a neuroendocrine gene signature that sets it apart from most sarcomas. These discoveries provide new insight into the pathogenesis of SFTs and reveal new targets with therapeutic potential.
Seasonal behavioral changes of a captive whale shark (Rhincodon typus) under variable temperature and light conditions
Authors: Kanna Tomoki , Takahashi Sayaka , Byun Eundeok , Yamashiro Atsushi , Matsumoto Rui , Torisawa Shinsuke , Mitsunaga Yasushi
Published: February 2025

Long-term quantitative observations are essential for the conservation of the whale shark (Rhincodon typus), which requires a long time to grow and mature. In this study, a data logger was attached to a mature male whale shark that had been maintained in captivity for over 29 years at the Okinawa Churaumi Aquarium in Japan. Because long-term rearing of whale sharks in captivity is desirable, the effects of water temperature and light on the swimming behavior of the captive whale shark were investigated. Tail-beat frequencies (TBFs), activity levels, and frequencies of clasper crosses, which are thought to be a mating-like behavior, were calculated from the swimming data. In all seasons, TBF, swimming speed, and activity level of the shark were 4%–20% less during the nighttime than during the daytime, particularly at cool water temperatures (≤23.6°C). Furthermore, approximately 90% of the clasper crosses occurred during the daytime. These results indicate that the shark is active during the daytime, engaging in activities such as mating behavior. In contrast, during the nighttime, it rests while swimming, slowing down the beat of its caudal fin and lowering swimming speed to conserve energy. Therefore, we conclude that this individual has adopted this diurnal rhythm to adapt to its current rearing environment.
Análise das propriedades mecânicas do concreto com adição de seixo e polietileno tereftalato (PET)
Authors: Bezerra Antonio Carlos Lapa , Alencar David Barbosa de , Campos Paola Souto , Moraes Nadime Mustafa , Bezerra Eliane Sigrid Lacerda dos Reis , Bezerra Carlos Gabriel dos Reis
Published: February 2025

O crescente acúmulo de resíduos plásticos, particularmente PET, representa um desafio ambiental significativo devido ao longo tempo de degradação e aos impactos negativos do descarte inadequado. A reciclagem de PET surgiu como uma estratégia eficaz para enfrentar esse problema, com aplicações promissoras na construção civil. Este estudo explora a viabilidade de substituir parcialmente a areia por PET moído no concreto, com foco em seus efeitos na resistência à compressão e na trabalhabilidade. Foram testadas quatro composições de concreto: uma sem PET e três com 10%, 30% e 50% de PET, em conformidade com as normas da ABCP para uma resistência à compressão mínima de 25 MPa aos 7 dias. Os resultados demonstraram que a adição de PET, em determinadas proporções, manteve a resistência exigida, enquanto reduziu os impactos ambientais ao minimizar a extração de areia natural e reaproveitar resíduos plásticos. Esses achados destacam o potencial técnico e sustentável do uso de PET reciclado no concreto, oferecendo uma solução inovadora para a gestão de resíduos sólidos e a conservação de recursos naturais.
Development and Evaluation of Fenoprofen Calcium loaded Proniosomal Gel for Topical Anti-inflammatory activity
Authors: Gudigennavar Avinash S , Hiremath Jayadev N , Desai Anita R , Halakatti Prabhu K , Vijapur Laxman , Shidramshettar Somlingesh , Bhattad Sakshi , Tegginamani Kushal S
Published: February 2025

Background: Proniosomal gel of Fenoprofen calcium is a novel drug delivery system designed to enhance the stability, bioavailability and controlled release of Fenoprofen calcium a non steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used for pain and inflammation management.
Aim: The aim of the work is to formulate and evaluate topical proniosomal gel of Fenoprofen calcium using coacervation-phase separation method, along with varying concentration of cholesterol and surfactant. The work was focused to sustain the release profile of Fenoprofen calcium drug along with overcoming its lower solubility profile.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmaceutics, BVVS Hanagal Shri Kumareshwar College of Pharmacy Bagalkote, Karnataka, India, between December 2023 and November 2024.
Methodology: Fenoprofen calcium loaded proniosomal gel were prepared by Coacervation and phase separation method. The prepared Fenoprofen calcium loaded proniosomal gels were further characterized for zeta potential, drug content, vesicle size, pH, viscosity, entrapment efficiency, In vitro drug release and In vivo anti-inflammatory study.
Results: All the evaluation parameters shown good results for all the formulations. Vesicle size found to be in micro meter scale, DSC studies confirms formation of double layer, SEM studies shown good powder characteristics, FTIR studies confirms there is no interaction between drug and excipients, Zeta potential confirms the charge on vesicle and its stability, all the formulations shows drug content above 90% and the entrapment efficiency of formulation F1 is been maximum among all the formulations. Diffusion studies shows maximum amount of drug release at the end of 24 hours. Kinetic studies confirms the drug release pattern is been diffusion controlled; gel evaluations shows good rheological property of formulations. In vivo anti-inflammatory studies of optimized formulations F1 shows good results.
Conclusion: Overall, the study confirms that, acute inflammation could be treated efficiently by proniosomal gel, in which nonionic surfactant vesicles are utilized competently to load the drug Fenoprofen and treated the acute inflammation topically in animals, which shows good inflammatory action.
Green Synthesis of Metal Complexes of Thiazole-based Schiff Bases: A Review
Authors: R.L Danhalilu , Kankara Aliyu I. , S.Ibrahim Idris
Published: February 2025

Green synthesis methods for the production of metal complexes, including those of thiazole-based Schiff bases, have gained significant attention. This review focused on the green synthesis approaches for the synthesis of metal complexes of thiazole- based Schiff bases. The synthetic techniques include: Microwave-assisted synthesis, plant-mediated synthesis, microbial synthesis, solvent-free reactions, and biocatalysis. The advantages of this greener synthesis over conventional methods of synthesis were also considered. The challenges, limitations and future perspectives of the greener alternatives were looked at.
Optimized DenseNet Architecture for Efficient Classification of Encrypted Internet Traffic
Authors: E.B. Adigun , W.O. Ismaila , A.A. Baale , F.M. Ismaila
Published: February 2025

The increasing reliance on Internet-based services has rendered secure and efficient network traffic classification critical. Conventional methods for categorising traffic, such as port and payload methods, often struggle with the challenges posed by encrypted traffic. Deep learning techniques have emerged as a predominant method for traffic classification given their success in domains such as image recognition, document analysis, and genomics. This research proposes an enhanced DenseNet architecture that leverages deep learning to accurately classify encrypted Internet traffic categories. This approach introduces a compression layer into the DenseNet architecture to address the co-adaptation problem as a result of the information flow and optimise the accuracy of the CNN. An Intrusion detection dataset from the Canadian Institute of Cybersecurity was used to evaluate the architecture. The optimised DenseNet architecture was evaluated using metrics such as precision, recall, accuracy, F1-Score, False Positive Rate and Area under the ROC Curve. Experimental results show that the approach can distinguish various encrypted Internet traffic categories.
Development and Performance Evaluation of a Hybrid Solar Dryer with Latent Heat Storage and Dehumidification Systems
Authors: TOSSA Alain K. , ABALLO Said I. A. , Takou Daniel Sabi , DJINDI Loubatou , SEMASSOU Guy C. , FOKAPU Odette
Published: February 2025

Drying agricultural products has become an essential technique for preservation, but current drying methods often prove to be energy-intensive, costly, and unsuitable for the needs of local small and medium-sized enterprises (PME/PMI). In this study a hybrid solar dryer has been designed specifically to meet the needs of PME/PMI. The current limits to the development of solar drying in Africa are low efficiency and low autonomy. To remove these bottlenecks, thermal storage and air dehumidification systems are often used.
This article firstly, presents a brief review, not only of thermal storage materials but also of dehumidification systems. This review led to the choice of paraffin and silica gel respectively for thermal storage and dehumidification of drying air.
The selected materials were subsequently implemented in an indirect hybrid dryer with a drying capacity of up to 50 kg of fruits and vegetables. It is made up of an aluminum absorber painted in matt black, 1.5 mm thick. Its exterior structure is made of steel separated from the interior face made of stainless steel, by a layer of glass wool, 30 mm thick. Performance tests are carried out on the classic dryer, then with the dryer integrating silica gel on the one hand and on the other hand, the dryer with paraffin. The tests were conducted in Cotonou (latitude: 6°21'50"N; longitude: 2°26'32"E) during the month of November with an average irradiation of 137.23 kWh/m² received on the horizontal plane with an average temperature of 27.4°C.The experiments are carried out over several days so as to be able to extract, for each of the improved dryers, 03 days similar, from the point of view of daily irradiation, to the tests on conventional dryers. Tests carried out on the dryer with the new latent heat storage system reveal an increase in efficiency of 3% compared to the classic dryer. The proposed dehumidification solution showed a good dehumidification rate of 16% which helps to improve the overall efficiency of the dryer. In practice, this improvement in performance will result in a reduction in drying time and energy consumption. These first promising experimental results will be validated with other tests which will be carried out over several consecutive days, also varying the quantities of paraffin and silica gel.
Preparation and Characterization of an Activated Carbon Based on Coconut Shell for the Elimination of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid in Aqueous Medium
Authors: Kouadio Dibi , Ladji Meite , Moussa Diarra , Narcisse Aboua Kouassi , Roland N’guettia Kossonou , Baba Soro Donafologo , Koné Mamadou
Published: February 2025

The objective of this work is to evaluate the capacity of activated carbon prepared from coconut shells to eliminate 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid from aqueous solution. The characterization tests revealed that the specific surface area determined by the BET method is 570 m²/g consisting essentially of micropores. The chemical characteristics determined by the Boehm method indicate the acidic character of the carbon. The 2,4- dichlorophenoxyacetic acid adsorption tests revealed that the adsorption rate of 2,4- dichlorophenoxyacetic acid increases with increasing contact time, but decreases with increasing initial concentration. To do this with a mass of 0.5 g, for a concentration of 5 mg/l for a 100 min agitation time, the rate of elimination of the 2.4-D reaches 77 %. The adsorption capacity studied showed that the adsorption process of 2,4-D on activated carbon is controlled by pseudo-second order kinetics.
Evaluating Alcoholic Liver Biomarkers for Rehabilitation Admission during the COVID-19 Period in Kenya
Authors: Njoroge George , Mecha Ezekiel , Mwenda Catherine , Waithaka Stanley
Published: February 2025

Consumption of alcohol is a practice world over that dates back to 10,000 Before Christ. Evaluation on the damages caused by the alcohol on the human organs such as the liver is paramount. There is no direct evaluation to liver parenchyma before admission rather blood samples are evaluated to show damage or no damage to the liver cells. The outcome of the blood samples denotes the health status of the liver cells before admission. Alcohol biomarkers are usually elevated when there is damage to the liver parenchyma. This was a quantitative descriptive cross-sectional study. Purpose sampling was used to select two Counties with the highest number of alcohol consumers. Simple Random sampling method was used to select participants for liver biomarkers. Participants were requested to consent for blood donation and confidentiality was maintained. Blood samples collected were separated for serum and cells using centrifuge within one hour after donation. The samples were transported for storage using cool boxes and temperature was maintained between -8- and +8-degrees during transportation. The blood samples were stored at -8 and +8 degrees in the deep freezer. Majority (97%) of the participants had alanine aminotransferase levels of 41 to 80 IU/L. Eighty eight percent of the participants had aspartate aminotransferase elevated to between 35 and 68 IU/L. Gamma Glutamyl aminotransferase was elevated in all of the participants while alanine phosphatase was elevated in 99% of the participants. Most participants had elevated liver biomarkers before admission to rehabilitation centre.
Micronutrient Diffusion Behavior of Nutrient Pellets in Acid Sulphate Soils
Authors: A.K Rohith , T.V Dhanesh Kumar , Adilakshmi Kota , M Gouri , Thangarasu Sathish
Published: February 2025

Nutrient bias of acid sulphate soils with overabundance of oxides and sulphates of iron and aluminum fabricates acidic nature in soil as well as inadequacy of other essential nutrients. Crop production in acid sulphate soil is found challenging due to the deteriorating nutrient status hence, this soil is deemed as problem soil. This study aims to concoct a multinutrient pellet for the enhancement of nutrient status in acid sulphate soil, using nutrient sources permitted in National Programme for Organic Production. Laboratory incubation experiment was performed to evaluate the nutrient release characteristics of pellets for 60 days in completely randomized design with 8 treatments and 3 replications. Standard procedures were employed to analyze the nutrient composition of pellets and nutrient concentration of soil samples drawn at regular intervals. N content was highest in Pellet 3 (Blood meal +Steamed bone meal +Potassium sulphate) while P & K content were highest in Pellet 1 (Blood meal +Rock phosphate +Potassium sulphate).  Soil pH and electrical conductivity increased with days of incubation while organic carbon decreased. Nutrient availability surged from day 1 to 60 and the maximum was observed on 60thday of incubation. The blood meal-based pellets had the strong propensity to perpetuate and enhance the nutrient release to the soil in comparison with other pellets. Hence, the replacement of conventional fertilizers by organic multinutrient pellets can optimize the nutrient cachets of acid sulphate soils.
Impact of Environmental, Social, and Governance Scores on Market Reaction: Evidence of Top 80 Companies Listed from Idx80
Authors: Darmasaputra Alan , Widyadhana Mosses Aryadhewa , Sany Sany , Tjondro Elisa
Published: February 2025

This paper will discuss the impact of the individual Environmental, Social, and Governance scores on market reaction. This study will specifically focus on the IDX80 index, which lists companies that are not only profitable but also have good ESG scores. The panel data for the study will be taken from 2019 to 2023, and the Dynamic Panel Model will be used to see how the scores over the year influenced the market price. The final sample consists of 31 companies with 155 firm-years for the observation. The findings show that the Environmental scores have a significant positive impact on market reactions, but are not significantly impacted by Social and Governance scores. The study suggests an early stage of ESG adoption in Indonesia and the positive trend growth will be beneficial for companies to promote ESG activities. The implication for managers is to incorporate ESG activities as they positively impact the market reaction, particularly activities related to Environmental issues. The limitation of this study is that the data for the individual scores for the Environmental, Social, and Governance are limited making the sample size small. A further limitation is that the data analyzed during and post-COVID-19 time might suggest a different result comparably.
Screening and characterization of aptamers recognizing the periodontal pathogen Tannerella forsythia
Authors: Mizgalska Danuta , Malicki Stanisław , Golda Anna , Chruścicka‐Smaga Barbara , Potempa Jan
Published: February 2024

Periodontal disease is one of the most common forms of inflammation. It is currently diagnosed by observing symptoms such as gingival bleeding and attachment loss. However, the detection of biomarkers that precede such symptoms would allow earlier diagnosis and prevention. Aptamers are short oligonucleotides or peptides that fold into three‐dimensional conformations conferring the ability to bind molecular targets with high affinity and specificity. Here we report the selection of aptamers that bind specifically to the bacterium Tannerella forsythia, a pathogen frequently associated with periodontal disease. Two aptamers with the highest affinity were examined in more detail, revealing that their binding is probably dependent on mirolysin, a surface‐associated protease secreted by the T. forsythia type‐9 secretion system. The aptamers showed minimal cross‐reactivity to other periodontopathogens and are therefore promising leads for the development of new tools to study the composition of the periodontitis‐associated dysbiotic bacteriome as well as inexpensive new diagnostic assays.
Tensile and Low‐Cycle Fatigue Behavior of Laser Powder Bed Fused Inconel 718 at Room and High Temperature
Authors: Sonntag Nadja , Piesker Benjamin , Ávila Calderón Luis Alexander , Mohr Gunther , Rehmer Birgit , Agudo Jácome Leonardo , Hilgenberg Kai , Evans Alexander , Skrotzki Birgit
Published: February 2024

This study investigates the room‐ and high‐temperature (650 °C) tensile and low‐cycle‐fatigue behavior of Inconel 718 produced by laser powder bed fusion (PBF‐LB/M) with a four‐step heat treatment and compares the results to the conventional wrought material. The microstructure after heat treatment is characterized on different length scales. Compared to the wrought variant, the elastic and yield properties are comparable at both test temperatures while tensile strength, ductility, and strain hardening capacity are lower. The fatigue life of the PBF‐LB/M variant at room temperature is slightly lower than that of the wrought material, while at 650 °C, it is vice versa. The cyclic stress response for both material variants is characterized by cyclic softening, which is more pronounced at the higher test temperature. High strain amplitudes (≥0.7%) at room temperature and especially a high testing temperature result in the formation of multiple secondary cracks at the transitions of regions comprising predominantly elongated grain morphology and columns of stacked grains with ripple patterns in the PBF‐LB/M material. This observation and pronounced crack branching and deflection indicate that the cracks are controlled by sharp micromechanical gradients and local crystallite clusters.
Multifunctional Conductive and Electrogenic Hydrogel Repaired Spinal Cord Injury via Immunoregulation and Enhancement of Neuronal Differentiation
Authors: Liu Mingshan , Zhang Wencan , Han Shuwei , Zhang Dapeng , Zhou Xiaolong , Guo Xianzheng , Chen Haosheng , Wang Haifeng , Jin Lin , Feng Shiqing , Wei Zhijian
Published: February 2024

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a refractory neurological disorder. Due to the complex pathological processes, especially the secondary inflammatory cascade and the lack of intrinsic regenerative capacity, it is difficult to recover neurological function after SCI. Meanwhile, simulating the conductive microenvironment of the spinal cord reconstructs electrical neural signal transmission interrupted by SCI and facilitates neural repair. Therefore, a double‐crosslinked conductive hydrogel (BP@Hydrogel) containing black phosphorus nanoplates (BP) is synthesized. When placed in a rotating magnetic field (RMF), the BP@Hydrogel can generate stable electrical signals and exhibit electrogenic characteristic. In vitro, the BP@Hydrogel shows satisfactory biocompatibility and can alleviate the activation of microglia. When placed in the RMF, it enhances the anti‐inflammatory effects. Meanwhile, wireless electrical stimulation promotes the differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) into neurons, which is associated with the activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. In vivo, the BP@Hydrogel is injectable and can elicit behavioral and electrophysiological recovery in complete transected SCI mice by alleviating the inflammation and facilitating endogenous NSCs to form functional neurons and synapses under the RMF. The present research develops a multifunctional conductive and electrogenic hydrogel for SCI repair by targeting multiple mechanisms including immunoregulation and enhancement of neuronal differentiation.
From Two‐Step Excitation to Persistent Luminescence: Revisiting ZnGa2O4:Cr3+ Phosphor Through Upconversion Charging Approach
Authors: Liu Xueqing , Chen Lu , Huo Xiaowen , Liu Feng , Liao Chuan , Zhang Liangliang , Zhang Jiahua , Zhang Shaoan , Li Yang , Wang Xiao‐jun , Liu Yichun
Published: February 2024

The ZnGa2O4:Cr3+ phosphor has emerged as a significant luminescent material due to its long‐lasting afterglow and near‐infrared emission, making it suitable for applications in bioimaging and night‐vision detection. However, the limited availability of excitation light sources poses a challenge for charging the phosphor. In this study, the charging capabilities of ZnGa2O4:Cr3+ using visible lasers and a white flashlight as excitation sources are explored. By absorbing two excitation photons, the high‐lying delocalized state of Cr3+ can be excited through a two‐step process, resulting in the filling of persistent luminescence traps and producing a long‐lasting emission peaking at 696 nm. The application of the white flashlight revealed a nonlinear excitation threshold for charging at 1.5 mW cm−2. The findings also uncovered that the excitation mechanism involves excited‐state absorption and energy‐transfer upconversion. Moreover, taking advantage of the unique excitability of the near‐infrared persistent phosphor, the potential for charging persistent luminescent probes in vivo using chicken breast tissue as a representative model is showcased. The present upconversion charging approach may offer promising possibilities and introduce a novel excitation technique for ZnGa2O4:Cr3+ persistent phosphor.
Robust Free Excitons in CH3NH3PbI3Halide Perovskite Revealed by Four‐Wave Mixing
Authors: Solovev Ivan A. , Nazarov Roman S. , Murzin Aleksei O. , Selivanov Nikita I. , Gets Dmitry S. , Makarov Sergey V. , Stoumpos Constantinos C. , Kapitonov Yury V.
Published: February 2024

Direct bandgap semiconductors possess a unique attribute: the presence of a free exciton state with a high total oscillator strength. This property makes them highly promising for applications in ultrafast optical signal processing and optical computing. One such protocol for optical computing is based on four‐wave mixing (FWM). In this study, the nonlinear optical effect in polycrystalline thin films of halide perovskite MAPbI3(MA+ = CH3NH) at low temperatures is demonstrated. Through analyzing the spectroscopy of the FWM signal, studying the photoluminescence excitation spectra, and comparing the findings with results from MAPbI3single crystals, it has been discovered that the strongest nonlinear response is observed at the free exciton resonance and in the region of shallow defect states. Surprisingly, the presence of FWM in cross‐linear excitation geometry has been observed, indicating potential involvement of other nonlinear or many‐body effects. The observations of FWM with free excitons even in highly defective MAPbI3thin films demonstrate the robustness of the exciton resonance and highlight the practical prospects for utilizing this material in optical computing.
High‐Humidity‐Tolerant Chloride Solid‐State Electrolyte for All‐Solid‐State Lithium Batteries
Authors: Wang Kai , Gu Zhenqi , Liu Haoxuan , Hu Lv , Wu Ying , Xu Jie , Ma Cheng
Published: February 2024

Halide solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) hold promise for the commercialization of all‐solid‐state lithium batteries (ASSLBs); however, the currently cost‐effective zirconium‐based chloride SSEs suffer from hygroscopic irreversibility, low ionic conductivity, and inadequate thermal stability. Herein, a novel indium‐doped zirconium‐based chloride is fabricated to satisfy the abovementioned requirements, achieving outstanding‐performance ASSLBs at room temperature. Compared to the conventional Li2ZrCl6 and Li3InCl6 SSEs, the hc‐Li2+xZr1‐xInxCl6 (0.3 ≤ x ≤ 1) possesses higher ionic conductivity (up to 1.4 mS cm−1), and thermal stability (350 °C). At the same time, the hc‐Li2.8Zr0.2In0.8Cl6 also shows obvious hygroscopic reversibility, where its recovery rate of the ionic conductivity is up to 82.5% after 24‐h exposure in the 5% relative humidity followed by heat treatment. Theoretical calculation and experimental results reveal that those advantages are derived from the lattice expansion and the formation of Li3InCl6 ·2H2O hydrates, which can effectively reduce the migration energy barrier of Li ions and offer reversible hydration/dehydration pathway. Finally, an ASSLB, assembled with reheated‐Li2.8Zr0.2In0.8Cl6 after humidity exposure, single‐crystal LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 and Li‐In alloy, exhibits capacity retention of 71% after 500 cycles under 1 C at 25 °C. This novel high‐humidity‐tolerant chloride electrolyte is expected to greatly carry forward the ASSLBs industrialization.
Targeting Grancalcin Accelerates Wound Healing by Improving Angiogenesis in Diabetes
Authors: Xiang Peng , Jiang Meng , Chen Xin , Chen Linyun , Cheng Yalun , Luo Xianghang , Zhou Haiyan , Zheng Yongjun
Published: February 2024

Chronic diabetic wounds are a serious complication of diabetes and often result in limb amputations and confer high mortality rates. The proinflammatory secretome in the wound perpetuates defective neovascularization and contributes to dysregulated tissue repair. This study aims to design a gelatin methacrylamide (GelMA) hydrogel to sustained the release of grancalcin‐neutralizing antibody (GCA‐NAb) and evaluate it as a potential scaffold to promote diabetic wound healing. Results show that the expression of grancalcin(GCA), a protein secreted by bone marrow‐derived immune cells, is elevated in the wound sites of individuals and animals with diabetic ulcers. Genetic inhibition of grancalcin expression accelerates vascularization and healing in an animal model. Mechanistic studies show that grancalcin binds to transient receptor potential melastatin 8(TRPM8) and partially inactivates its downstream signaling pathways, thereby impairing angiogenesis in vitro and ex vivo. Systemic or topical administration of a GCA‐NAb accelerate wound repair in mice with diabetes. The data suggest that GCA is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of diabetic ulcers.
Growth‐Coupled Evolutionary Pressure Improving Epimerases for D‐Allulose Biosynthesis Using a Biosensor‐Assisted In Vivo Selection Platform
Authors: Li Chao , Gao Xin , Li Huimin , Wang Tong , Lu Fuping , Qin Hui‐Min
Published: February 2024

Fast screening strategies that enable high‐throughput evaluation and identification of desired variants from diversified enzyme libraries are crucial to tailoring biocatalysts for the synthesis of D‐allulose, which is currently limited by the poor catalytic performance of ketose 3‐epimerases (KEases). Here, the study designs a minimally equipment‐dependent, high‐throughput, and growth‐coupled in vivo screening platform founded on a redesigned D‐allulose‐dependent biosensor system. The genetic elements modulating regulator PsiR expression levels undergo systematic optimization to improve the growth‐responsive dynamic range of the biosensor, which presents ≈30‐fold facilitated growth optical density with a high signal‐to‐noise ratio (1.52 to 0.05) toward D‐allulose concentrations from 0 to 100 mm. Structural analysis and evolutionary conservation analysis of Agrobacterium sp. SUL3 D‐allulose 3‐epimerase (ADAE) reveal a highly conserved catalytic active site and variable hydrophobic pocket, which together regulate substrate recognition. Structure‐guided rational design and directed evolution are implemented using the growth‐coupled in vivo screening platform to reprogram ADAE, in which a mutant M42 (P38N/V102A/Y201L/S207N/I251R) is identified with a 6.28‐fold enhancement of catalytic activity and significantly improved thermostability with a 2.5‐fold increase of the half‐life at 60 °C. The research demonstrates that biosensor‐assisted growth‐coupled evolutionary pressure combined with structure‐guided rational design provides a universal route for engineering KEases.
A Thermosensitive Bi‐Adjuvant Hydrogel Triggers Epitope Spreading to Promote the Anti‐Tumor Efficacy of Frameshift Neoantigens
Authors: Ke Yaohua , Xin Kai , Tao Yaping , Li Lin , Chen Aoxing , Shao Jingyi , Zhu Junmeng , Zhang Dinghu , Cen Lanqi , Chu Yanhong , Yu Lixia , Liu Baorui , Liu Qin
Published: February 2024

Tumor‐specific frameshift mutations encoding peptides (FSPs) are highly immunogenic neoantigens for personalized cancer immunotherapy, while their clinical efficacy is limited by immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and self‐tolerance. Here, a thermosensitive hydrogel (FSP‐RZ‐BPH) delivering dual adjuvants R848 (TLR7/8 agonist) + Zn2+ (cGAS‐STING agonist) is designed to promote the efficacy of FSPs on murine forestomach cancer (MFC). After peritumoral injection, FSP‐RZ‐BPH behaves as pH‐responsive sustained drug release at sites near the tumor to effectively transform the immunosuppressive TME into an inflammatory type. FSP‐RZ‐BPH orchestrates innate and adaptive immunity to activate dendritic cells in tumor‐draining lymph nodes and increase the number of FSPs‐reactive effector memory T cells (TEM) in tumor by 2.9 folds. More importantly, these TEM also exhibit memory responses to nonvaccinated neoantigens on MFC. This epitope spreading effect contributes to reduce self‐tolerance to maintain long‐lasting anti‐tumor immunity. In MFC suppressive model, FSP‐RZ‐BPH achieves 84.8% tumor inhibition rate and prolongs the survival of tumor‐bearing mice with 57.1% complete response rate. As a preventive tumor vaccine, FSP‐RZ‐BPH can also significantly delay tumor growth. Overall, the work identifies frameshift MFC neoantigens for the first time and demonstrates the thermosensitive bi‐adjuvant hydrogel as an effective strategy to boost bystander anti‐tumor responses of frameshift neoantigens.
Synthesis and Structural Analysis of High‐Silica ERI Zeolite with Spatially‐Biased Al Distribution as a Promising NH3‐SCR Catalyst
Authors: Zhu Jie , Muraoka Koki , Ohnishi Takeshi , Yanaba Yutaka , Ogura Masaru , Nakayama Akira , Wakihara Toru , Liu Zhendong , Okubo Tatsuya
Published: February 2024

Erionite (ERI) zeolite has recently attracted considerable attention for its application prospect in the selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3 (NH3‐SCR), provided that the high‐silica (Si/Al > 5.5) analog with improved hydrothermal stability can be facilely synthesized. In this work, ERI zeolites with different Si/Al ratios (4.6, 6.4, and 9.1) are synthesized through an ultrafast route, and in particular, a high‐silica ERI zeolite with a Si/Al ratio of 9.1 is obtained by using faujasite (FAU) as a starting material. The solid‐state 29Si MAS NMR spectroscopic study in combination with a computational simulation allows for figuring out the atomic configurations of the Al species in the three ERI zeolites. It is revealed that the ERI zeolite with the highest Si/Al ratio (ERI‐9.1, where the number indicates the Si/Al ratio) exhibits a biased Al occupancy at T1 site, which is possibly due to the presence of a higher fraction of the residual potassium cations in the can cages. In contrast, the Al siting in ERI‐4.6 and ERI‐6.4 proves to be relatively random.
Spatiotemporal Controllable Sono‐Nanovaccines Driven by Free‐Field Based Whole‐Body Ultrasound for Personalized Cancer Therapy
Authors: Wang Yang , Li Guangzhe , Su Jianlong , Liu Yiming , Zhang Xiaomai , Zhang Guanyi , Wu Zhihao , Li Jinrong , Zhang Yuxuan , Wang Xu , Yang Zejia , Wang Ruimin , Wang Chengdong , Wang Liu , Sun Fangfang , Zhao Weijie , Wang Xuejian , Peng Xiaojun , Shao Kun
Published: February 2024

Therapeutic cancer vaccines fail to produce satisfactory outcomes against solid tumors since vaccine‐induced anti‐tumor immunity is significantly hampered by immunosuppression. Generating an in situ cancer vaccine targeting immunological cold tumor microenvironment (TME) appears attractive. Here, a type of free‐field based whole‐body ultrasound (US)‐driven nanovaccines are constructed, named G5‐CHC‐R, by conjugating the sonosensitizer, Chenghai chlorin (CHC) and the immunomodulator, resiquimod (R848) on top of a super small‐sized dendrimeric nanoscaffold. Once entering tumors, R848 can be cleaved from a hypoxia‐sensitive linker, thus modifying the TME via converting macrophage phenotypes. The animals bearing orthotopic pancreatic cancer with intestinal metastasis and breast cancer with lung metastasis are treated with G5‐CHC‐R under a free‐field based whole‐body US system. Benefit from the deep penetration capacity and highly spatiotemporal selectiveness, G5‐CHC‐R triggered by US represented a superior alternative for noninvasive irradiation of deep‐seated tumors and magnification of local immune responses via driving mass release of tumor antigens and “cold‐warm‐hot” three‐state transformation of TME. In addition to irradiating primary tumors, a robust adaptive anti‐tumor immunity is potentiated, leading to successful induction of systemic tumor suppression. The sono‐nanovaccines with good biocompatibility posed wide applicability to a broad spectrum of tumors, revealing immeasurable potential for translational research in oncology.