bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic controlled atmosphere: A review of methods for monitoring fruit responses to low oxygen
Authors: Thewes Fábio Rodrigos , Wood Rachael Maree , Both Vanderlei , Keshri Nandita , Geyer Martin , Pansera-Espíndola Bruno , Hagemann Michale Helmut , Brackmann Auri , Wünsche Jens Norbert , Neuwald Daniel Alexandre
Published: June 2023

The storage of fruit at minimum oxygen condition is crucial for optimal fruit quality maintenance. However, the optimal oxygen partial pressure of fruit varies according to several factors such as species, cultivar, harvest maturity, temperature, growing season and storage period. Based on these factors, storage technologies were developed that allow for the detection of the lower oxygen limit (LOL) and the storage of fruit under the lowest optimal oxygen partial pressure. One emerging technology is known as dynamic controlled atmosphere (DCA). Commercially, there are four DCA systems used: [1] DCA based on ethanol production and accumulation (DCA-Eth); [2] DCA based on chlorophyll fluorescence (DCA-CF); DCA based on the respiratory quotient (DCA-RQ) and [4] DCA based solely on CO2 production (DCA-CD). This reviews the recent developments of these DCA systems and their effect on fruit quality. Generally, the storage of fruit under DCA has a positive effect on the overall fruit quality, with regards to reduced physiological disorders and higher flesh firmness maintenance, when compared to controlled atmosphere (CA). Evidence also shows that storing fruit under DCA-RQ and DCA-CD allowed higher volatile compound emission and concentration, which can contribute positively to fruit flavor. The DCA systems are “green storage technologies” because the system enables the increase of storage temperature and thereby saving electrical energy. Storage of apples under DCA maintains an overall fruit quality similar to CA combined with the ripening inhibitor 1-Methylcyclopropen (1-MCP), which is an interesting option for organic fruit storage. Dynamic controlled atmosphere is a recently developed storage technique and is in constant improvement. The latest developed DCA techniques (DCA-RQ and DCA-CD), in contrast to DCA-CF, allow the use of extremely low oxygen levels. In the future, new and multi-sensor DCA systems are under development, which might not just control O2 partial pressure but also temperature and other parameters to allow for more energy efficient but high quality fruit storage systems.
Is Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet Associated with Eating Behaviour and Emotional Appetite in Young Women?
Authors: Macit-Çelebi Melahat Sedanur , Özata-Uyar Gizem , Yildiran Hilal , Köksal Eda
Published: June 2023

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MD) on eating attitudes and emotional appetite in young females aged 18-24.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study (n=306) was conducted on young females. A questionnaire including demographic characteristics, Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26), Emotional Eating Questionnaire (EMAQ), and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was applied. Daily food consumption was obtained from the 24-hour- food records and used to calculate the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (MAI). The researchers measured the body weight (kg) and height (cm).
Results: Half of the participants (50.7%) have low adherence to the MD, moderate in 25.2%, and high in 24.2%. There is no statistical difference in MAI scores between EAT-26 groups (p>0.05). The dieting status was higher (28.2%) in the disordered eating tendencies group compared to the group without disordered eating tendencies (11.1%) (χ2 =12.490, p<0.001). The scores of the negative total scores were higher in the group with disordered eating risk (p=0.004).
Conclusions: Young females’ low adherence to Mediterranean Diet might be associated with future health problems. No effect of MAI on disordered eating behavior was determined but EMAQ-negative sub and total scores were determined as a component of EAT-26. Early detection of diet quality and conditions associated with emotional eating disorders is thought to be important in preventing future health problems.
Intermittent Hiatus Hernia on High-Resolution Manometry Associates With Abnormal Reflux Burden Similar to Persistent Hiatus Hernia
Authors: Luther Janki , Zarro Samantha , Sagaram Manasa , Eiswerth Michael , Ganguli Surosree , Rogers Benjamin , Gyawali C. Prakash
Published: June 2023

INTRODUCTION:

Hiatus hernia is characterized by axial separation between the lower esophageal sphincter and the crural diaphragm, and higher reflux burden. Impact on reflux is unclear if such separation is intermittent rather than persistent.

METHODS:

Reflux burden off antisecretory therapy was compared between no hernia (n = 357), intermittent hernia (n = 42), and persistent hernia (n = 155) after review of consecutive high-resolution manometry and reflux monitoring studies.

RESULTS:

Proportions with pathologic acid exposure was similar between intermittent and persistent hernia (45.2% vs 46.5%, respectively), and both were significantly different from no hernia (28.7%, P ≤ 0.002).

DISCUSSION:

Intermittent hiatus hernias are clinically relevant in gastroesophageal reflux pathophysiology.
Setting 6-minute minimal examination time improves the detection of focal upper gastrointestinal tract lesions during endoscopy: a multicenter prospective study
Authors: Gao Ye , Cai Meng-Xi , Tian Bo , Lin Han , Jiang Zhen-Yu , Yang Xiao-Cui , Lu Lin , Li Li , Shi Li-Hong , Liu Xiao-Yu , Wang Yi-Lin , Li Zhao-Shen , Xin Lei , Wang Luo-Wei
Published: June 2023

Background and Aims:

Positive correlation between examination time and neoplasm detection using esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) has been described by observational studies, but the effect of setting minimal examination time still requires investigation.

Methods:

This prospective, two-stage, interventional study was conducted in seven tertiary hospitals in China, enrolling consecutive patients undergoing intravenously sedated diagnostic EGDs. In Stage I, the baseline examination time was collected without informing the endoscopists. In Stage II, the minimal examination time was set for the same endoscopist according to the median examination time of normal EGDs in Stage I. The primary outcome was the focal lesion detection rate (FDR), defined as the proportion of subjects with at least one focal lesion among all subjects.

Results:

A total of 847 and 1079 EGDs performed by 21 endoscopists were included in stages I and II, respectively. In Stage II, the minimal examination time was set as 6 min, and the median time for normal EGD increased from 5.8 min to 6.3 min (P<0.001). Between the two stages, the FDR was significantly improved (33.6% vs. 39.3%, P=0.011), and the effect of the intervention was significant (odds ratio, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.03-1.52; P=0.022) even after adjusting for subjects’ age, smoking status, endoscopists’ baseline examination time, and working experience. The detection rate of high-risk lesions (neoplastic lesions and advanced atrophic gastritis) was also significantly higher in Stage II (3.3% vs. 5.4%, P=0.029). In the endoscopist-level analysis, all practitioners reached a median examination time of 6 min, and the coefficients of variation of FDR (36.9% to 26.2%) and examination time (19.6% to 6.9%) decreased in Stage II.

Conclusion:

Setting a 6-minute minimal examination time significantly improved the detection of focal lesions during EGDs and has the potential to be implemented for quality improvement.
Recording, Reporting and Utilising School Absenteeism Data in Finland: Work in Progress
Authors: Palmu Iines , Virtanen Tuomo , Markkanen Eeva-Liisa , Sergejeff Johanna
Published: June 2023

School attendance problems (SAPs) among young people in compulsory education appear to be increasing in Finland. A recent report showed that, according to school personnel, there are at minimum 4 thousand (2−3%) lower secondary students with SAPs, and the problem is perceived to be growing. To tackle SAPs, local action plans have been developed, most commonly by schools or education providers. Going forward, a key issue for schools and education providers is the way in which data on school attendance/absence is gathered and used. This paper provides and overview of the current approaches to recording, reporting, and utilizing school absenteeism data in Finland. In addition, we present the recent development work initiated to respond to identified challenges in these areas. Current challenges concerning SAPs are: (a) creating shared definitions/categories of problematic school absenteeism, (b) updating and clarifying national guidelines concerning the recording and reporting of absenteeism, (c) creating a shared systematic data collection procedure to collect local and national statistics, and (d) developing the utilisation of evidence-based practices at school and municipal levels.
GBA1 Variants and Parkinson’s Disease: Paving the Way for Targeted Therapy
Authors: Huh Young Eun , Usnich Tatiana , Scherzer Clemens R. , Klein Christine , Chung Sun Ju
Published: June 2023

Glucosylceramidase beta 1 (GBA1) variants have attracted enormous attention as the most promising and important genetic candidates for precision medicine in Parkinson’s disease (PD). A substantial correlation between GBA1 genotypes and PD phenotypes could inform the prediction of disease progression and promote the development of a preventive intervention for individuals at a higher risk of a worse disease prognosis. Moreover, the GBA1-regulated pathway provides new perspectives on the pathogenesis of PD, such as dysregulated sphingolipid metabolism, impaired protein quality control, and disrupted endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi trafficking. These perspectives have led to the development of novel disease-modifying therapies for PD targeting the GBA1-regulated pathway by repositioning treatment strategies for Gaucher’s disease. This review summarizes the current hypotheses on a mechanistic link between GBA1 variants and PD and possible therapeutic options for modulating GBA1-regulated pathways in PD patients.
Narrative Didactics in Mathematics Education: Results from a University Geometry Course
Authors: Brandl Matthias , Vinerean Mirela
Published: June 2023

In a Swedish second semester course on Euclidean and non-Euclidean geometry in mathematics education at Karlstad University, a bridging teaching strategy comprising elements from Mathematics, Didactics, History, Literature, and Technology was applied by using the concept of Narrative Didactics and Digital Interactive Mathematical Maps developed by the Professorship for Didactics of Mathematics at the University of Passau, Germany. The complete assessment of the teaching strategy comprised both an evaluation of the technological and the narrative didactical scaffolding and was partly analysed previously concerning especially the technology acceptance aspect, while here we broaden and deepen the evaluation analysis of the application of narrative didactic elements. Regarding the latter, at the end of the course, students were asked to formulate a short historical-oriented narrative motivation for a school topic of own choice with the help of information provided by the timeline of the Mathematical Map. A representative example of these art-combining products is presented and evaluated according to elements of narrative didactics. Results indicate a fruitful, promising, and synergetic connection between different fields of Science, Technology, Engineering, the Arts, and Mathematics that can lead to a richer and more sustainable learning process in mathematics lessons both at university and school level.
TiO2 P25 and Kronos vlp 7000 materials activated by simulated solar light for atrazine degradation
Authors: Moya Murilo Tomazini Munhoz , Araujo Leandro Goulart de , Lopes Fernando Silva , Teixeira Antonio Carlos Silva Costa
Published: June 2023

Photocatalysis-based technologies have been proposed for the treatment of wastewater containing atrazine (ATZ), a persistent and recalcitrant pollutant. This study aims to evaluate and compare the efficiency of TiO2 P25 and TiO2 modified with carbon (C–TiO2 Kronos vlp 7000) in the photocatalytic degradation of ATZ in aqueous systems. The experiments were performed in a tubular photochemical reactor equipped with a compound parabolic collector (CPC) irradiated by simulated solar light. The materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, BET specific surface area, and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. For TiO2 P25, ATZ removals varied in the range 86–100 % after 120 min of irradiation, although the total organic carbon (TOC) analyses indicated that no significant ATZ mineralization occurred (<20 %). C–TiO2 Kronos vlp 7000, on the other hand, was not able to completely remove ATZ after 120 min of irradiation. In this case, pesticide removals were 37–45 % over 120 min, while C–TiO2 performed better with regard to ATZ mineralization, with 38 % TOC removal. Given the low mineralization of atrazine, the intermediate compounds formed were identified for each photocatalytic material.
Improving the rheology of linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) and processability of blown film extrusion using a new binary processing aid
Authors: Ramezan-Nejad Sarah , Mohamadi Somayeh , Sharifi-Sanjani Naser
Published: June 2023

To improve the processability of LLDPE, a binary processing aid composed of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and hydrocalumite was designed. Hydrocalumite containing HPO3
2− was successfully synthesized with co-precipitation of calcium and aluminum hydroxide in the presence of phosphorous acid. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) and Ion chromatography were utilized for the characterization of the synthesized hydrocalumite. SEM images showed the layered structure. Ion Chromatography demonstrated the molar ratio of Ca2+/Al3+ was 2:1.3 as an interlayer ion. The influence of PEG/hydrocalumite with the different ratios as a processing aid on the rheological properties of LLDPE was investigated by capillary rheometry. The results obtained showed that PEG/hydrocalumite processing aid with a ratio of 1:3 exhibited the best effect on the reduction of critical stress due to the best coverage of the extruder surface. The measurement of processing parameters in the blown film extruder revealed that hydrocalumite interacted with metallic oxides, created a slippery film layer on the die wall. This leads to a decrease in the die pressure and power consumption by 11% and 21%, respectively. SEM analysis confirmed a delay in Sharkskin instability at a higher shear rate.
Molecular design of soluble poly(amide-imide) with high char yield for flame retardant epoxy resin
Authors: Wang Yanbin , Zhang Weiwei , Zhuang Changlong , Xu Shengang
Published: June 2023

In this study, a noncoplanar diimide diacid monomer (DIDA) was synthesized by direct condensation of trimellitic anhydride (TMA) with m-tolidine. The noncoplanar unit was incorporated into poly(amide-imide)s (PAIs) main chain by Yamazaki-Higashi phosphorylation of DIDA with various aromatic diamines. Encouragingly, all of the PAIs show good solubility in some common solvents such as N,N-Dimethylacetamide (DMAc), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP), and m-cresol. In addition, the soluble PAIs show good optical transmittances of beyond 85 % at 500 nm due to the decreased crystallization ability. On the other hand, PAIs possess good mechanical properties with tensile strengths of 72–90 MPa and tensile moduli beyond 2 GPa. Meanwhile, the designed PAIs also exhibit excellent thermal properties: their glass transition temperatures (T
g) range from 278 to 314 °C, initial decomposition temperatures (5 % weight loss temperatures, T
5wt%) are beyond 470 °C, coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) are below 10 ppm/°C. The excellent mechanical and thermal properties are due to the strengthened hydrogen bonding interaction among the amide groups. Therefore, it is believed that incorporating noncoplanar unit and amide group into the polymer main chain at the same time can simultaneously improve processability, optical transparency, mechanical and thermal properties. Furthermore, it is worth noting that the char of PAI at 800 °C is as high as 72.5 %, which is one of the highest known values. When PAI was incorporated into epoxy resin, the blend passed UL94 V-0 rating due to the high charring capability of PAI.
A multimodal analysis of Piggyvest’s animated advertisement videos
Authors: Odedeyi Toluwani Deborah , Ajayi Temitope Michael
Published: June 2023

This study examines the persuasive strategies in selected animated advertisement videos by Piggyvest, the first and one of the fastest-growing online savings platforms in Nigeria, whose modus operandi is quite different from those of the conventional banking system. Drawing insights from Kress and van Leeuwen’s (2006.Reading images: The grammar of visual design, 2nd edn. New York: Routledge) Multimodal Discourse Analytic framework, 12 samples of Piggyvest’s animated videos (for advertisements) were randomly sampled out of the 30 videos initially purposively sampled. Findings reveal metaphorisation of financial management and discipline, playing around gender-related ideas on finances, foregrounding of aspirations and financial decisions, depiction of cognitive strength and weakness on money matters, and striking a connection between money and relationships are persuasive strategies deployed in the animated advertisement videos by Piggyvest to appeal to their target audience.
Durability and microstructure study on concrete made with sewage sludge ash: A review (Part Ⅱ)
Authors: Ahmad Jawad , Alqurashi Muwaffaq , Alanazi Hani , Deifalla Ahmed Farouk , Yosri Ahmed M.
Published: June 2023

The quantity of carbon dioxide gas released during the manufacturing and acquisition of raw ingredients determines the sustainability of concrete. Industrial garbage dumping is a critical difficulty that humanity is experiencing because of globalization and the increasing population. Through the efficient use of industrial by products, efforts are being undertaken to lower carbon discharges in the concreting process. It has been recommended by sustainable development goals and standards to use byproducts that have lower embodied energy and carbon emissions. Ash from sewage sludge demonstrates its suitability for use in concrete. However, a compressive assessment is needed to determine the past, present, and future research aspects of using sewage sludge ash (SSA) as a construction material. Therefore, this research is carried out on using SSA as a construction material. All the essential properties such as the physical and chemical properties of SSA, its effect on durability properties, and morphology structure study are the main aspect of this review (Part II). The analysis also highlights the research gap for upcoming exploration which further improved its performance.
A probability characteristic of crack intersecting with embedded microcapsules in capsule-based self-healing materials
Authors: Lv Zhong , Shi Mengyan , Yuan Jing , Chen Depeng , Guo Minglei , Xiang Tengfei , Chen Huisu
Published: June 2023

The micro-cracks in a material lead to a reduction in its overall strength and service life. The emerging capsule-based self-healing system provides a new strategy for repairing the cracks, effectively delaying the potential damage of the matrix, and prolonging the service life of composite materials. Determining the optimal size and dosage of microcapsules required to repair cracks in the matrix is essential for the development and design of capsule-based self-healing materials. This paper presents a novel two-dimensional capsule-based self-healing model composite material whose surface is paved by reproducible and random cells and some microcapsules are randomly dispersed in those cells to investigate the rupture behavior of microcapsules forced by growing cracks. An analytical model is proposed from the viewpoint of geometrical probability to express the probability characteristics of the embedded microcapsules stimulated by linear cracks in a two-dimensional capsule-based self-healing model composite. Additionally, the effect of the size and dosage of the embedded microcapsules on the intersection probability is analyzed, and the maximal probability is also found to improve the self-healing efficiency. Finally, the accuracies of these probability values and theoretical solutions are verified via computer simulation, and the results show that the developed model of the geometrical probability of the crack intersection with microcapsules randomly distributed in the cells of the matrix will help to provide a theoretical basis for the quantitative design of capsule-based self-healing materials.
„Existenz ist eine selektive Blindheit“: Gegenstandsphilosophische Motive der Mathematik George Spencer-Browns
Authors: Schaller Nicolas
Published: June 2023

Philosophische Arbeit an der Form bedeutet zunächst, nicht die Idee der Unterscheidung als gegeben anzunehmen, sondern den Unterschied zwischen unserer Kenntnis von der Innen- und jener von der Außenwelt. Denn ihr Inhalt mag asymmetrisch sein, ihre Form aber scheint durchaus vergleichbar. Während sich nach Überzeugung Spencer-Browns die Kenntnis der Außenwelt in den physikalischen Wissenschaften zeige, erbringe von der Innenwelt allein die Mathematik Kenntnis von vergleichbarer Form. Das aber bedeute, so Spencer-Brown, dass uns ein gewisses mathematisches Einsehen eigen sei, nämlich das in die ursprünglichste arithmetische Operation; in die Operation der Unterscheidung. Die philosophische Arbeit an der Form hat dabei, das soll im Folgenden deutlich werden, nicht mit den „Laws of Form“ begonnen. Während Spencer-Brown mit der „Idee der Unterscheidung“ in Widerspruch zu Bertrand Russells Logizismus die Arithmetik als fundamentale Disziplin auszeichnete und vor ihm Edmund Husserl im „Akt der Unterscheidung“ das Primat der Psychologie bestätigt sah, war Alexius Meinong der Überzeugung, dass der „Akt“ selbst eine neue Wissenschaft, die Gegenstandstheorie, unverzichtbar mache. Dabei war Spencer-Brown wohl zunächst nicht von philosophischen, sondern durchaus praktischen Motiven geleitet.
Die Spencer-Brown-Transformation
Authors: Baecker Dirk
Published: June 2023

Der Beitrag versteht unter der Spencer-Brown-Transformation die Interpretation einer (aristotelischen) Identität als eine (hegelsche) Differenz. Mit George Spencer-Browns cross wird eine Unterscheidung notiert, deren beide Seiten bezeichnet werden können. Die Form der Unterscheidung wird als reflexive Negativität verstanden, die die beiden Seiten der Unterscheidung, die Unterscheidung selbst und den Raum, der mit der Unterscheidung hervorgebracht wird, als eine mehrwertige Mannigfaltigkeit mit sich in ein einschließend-ausschließendes Verhältnis setzt. Der Beitrag diskutiert dieses Konzept im Anschluss an Niklas Luhmanns These, dass jede Kommunikation eines sozialen Systems nur als Prozessieren der Differenz von Form und Medium möglich ist. Entsprechend sind die beiden Begriffe der Form und des Mediums zu klären und in ein Verhältnis sowohl zum Begriff des Systems als auch des Netzwerks zu setzen. Es deutet sich eine allgemeine Theorie der Digitalisierung an, die beschreiben kann, wie in einem analog-kontinuierlichen Material diskret-digitale Unterscheidungen gesetzt werden, die ihrerseits ein analog-kontinuierliches Material für weitere Anschlussoperationen konstituieren. Aktuelle Phänomene einer elektronischen Digitalisierung sind ein Sonderfall einer allgemeinen Digitalisierung, verstanden als kognitive Erschließung von Welt.
Die Gewalt der Zwei-Seiten-Form: Von der Kritik der Zwei-Seiten-Form zur Viel-Seiten-Form der Kritik
Authors: Fuhrmann Jan Tobias
Published: June 2023

Im Folgenden werden Operationen sozialer Systeme als Vollzug von différance (Derrida) aufgefasst. Um das zu plausibilisieren, muss die Interpretation der Laws of Form (Spencer-Brown) seitens Luhmann zurückgewiesen werden. Das erfolgt, indem davon ausgegangen wird, dass eine Indikation statt notwendig eine Distinktion zu vollziehen, eine Unbestimmtheit produziert. Die Stabilität von Zwei-Seiten-Formen wird erst durch die Wiederholung einer sie herstellenden Gewalt produziert. In einem ersten Schritt werden die Laws of Form als eine Abfolge von Befehlen im Medium des Visuell-Simultanen rekonstruiert und die Übertragung Luhmanns auf sequenziell vollzogene Kommunikationsereignisse zurückgewiesen (I). Dadurch wird es möglich, différance als konstitutive Unbestimmtheit sozialer Operationen zu markieren (II). Die Einschränkung der radikalen Unbestimmtheit der différance in Zwei-Seiten-Formen wird mit der Operation der Kompensation nachvollzogen und als epistemic violence (Spivak) markiert (III). Diese Gewalt gewinnt ihre Autorität maßgeblich aus der Wiederholung (IV). Die Unterbrechung dieser Wiederholung kann durch Kritik gelingen. Der Beitrag schließt, indem er der Systemtheorie der Kritik den Vorschlag macht, Kritik als Unterbrechung der Autorität der Wiederholung aufzufassen (V).
Acetate is a beneficial nutrient for E. coli at low glycolytic flux
Authors: Millard Pierre , Gosselin‐Monplaisir Thomas , Uttenweiler‐Joseph Sandrine , Enjalbert Brice
Published: June 2023

Acetate, a major by‐product of glycolytic metabolism in Escherichia coli and many other microorganisms, has long been considered a toxic waste compound that inhibits microbial growth. This counterproductive auto‐inhibition represents a major problem in biotechnology and has puzzled the scientific community for decades. Recent studies have however revealed that acetate is also a co‐substrate of glycolytic nutrients and a global regulator of E. coli metabolism and physiology. Here, we used a systems biology strategy to investigate the mutual regulation of glycolytic and acetate metabolism in E. coli. Computational and experimental analyses demonstrate that decreasing the glycolytic flux enhances co‐utilization of acetate with glucose. Acetate metabolism thus compensates for the reduction in glycolytic flux and eventually buffers carbon uptake so that acetate, rather than being toxic, actually enhances E. coli growth under these conditions. We validated this mechanism using three orthogonal strategies: chemical inhibition of glucose uptake, glycolytic mutant strains, and alternative substrates with a natively low glycolytic flux. In summary, acetate makes E. coli more robust to glycolytic perturbations and is a valuable nutrient, with a beneficial effect on microbial growth.
PERK signaling promotes mitochondrial elongation by remodeling membrane phosphatidic acid
Authors: Perea Valerie , Cole Christian , Lebeau Justine , Dolina Vivian , Baron Kelsey R , Madhavan Aparajita , Kelly Jeffery W , Grotjahn Danielle A , Wiseman R Luke
Published: June 2023

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are linked in the onset and pathogenesis of numerous diseases. This has led to considerable interest in defining the mechanisms responsible for regulating mitochondria during ER stress. The PERK signaling arm of the unfolded protein response (UPR) has emerged as a prominent ER stress‐responsive signaling pathway that regulates diverse aspects of mitochondrial biology. Here, we show that PERK activity promotes adaptive remodeling of mitochondrial membrane phosphatidic acid (PA) to induce protective mitochondrial elongation during acute ER stress. We find that PERK activity is required for ER stress‐dependent increases in both cellular PA and YME1L‐dependent degradation of the intramitochondrial PA transporter PRELID1. These two processes lead to the accumulation of PA on the outer mitochondrial membrane where it can induce mitochondrial elongation by inhibiting mitochondrial fission. Our results establish a new role for PERK in the adaptive remodeling of mitochondrial phospholipids and demonstrate that PERK‐dependent PA regulation adapts organellar shape in response to ER stress.
Reducing oxidative protein folding alleviates senescence by minimizing ER‐to‐nucleus H2O2 release
Authors: Cheng Fang , Ji Qianzhao , Wang Lu , Wang Chih‐chen , Liu Guang‐Hui , Wang Lei
Published: June 2023

Oxidative protein folding occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to generate disulfide bonds, and the by‐product is hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). However, the relationship between oxidative protein folding and senescence remains uncharacterized. Here, we find that the protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), a key oxidoreductase that catalyzes oxidative protein folding, accumulated in aged human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and deletion of PDI alleviated hMSCs senescence. Mechanistically, knocking out PDI slows the rate of oxidative protein folding and decreases the leakage of ER‐derived H2O2 into the nucleus, thereby decreasing the expression of SERPINE1, which was identified as a key driver of cell senescence. Furthermore, we show that depletion of PDI alleviated senescence in various cell models of aging. Our findings reveal a previously unrecognized role of oxidative protein folding in promoting cell aging, providing a potential target for aging and aging‐related disease intervention.
An AlphaFold2 map of the 53BP1 pathway identifies a direct SHLD3–RIF1 interaction critical for shieldin activity
Authors: Sifri Chérine , Hoeg Lisa , Durocher Daniel , Setiaputra Dheva
Published: June 2023

53BP1 is a chromatin‐binding protein that promotes DNA double‐strand break repair through the recruitment of downstream effectors including RIF1, shieldin, and CST. The structural basis of the protein–protein interactions within the 53BP1‐RIF1‐shieldin‐CST pathway that are essential for its DNA repair activity is largely unknown. Here, we used AlphaFold2‐Multimer (AF2) to predict all possible pairwise combinations of proteins within this pathway and provide structural models of seven previously characterized interactions. This analysis also predicted an entirely novel binding interface between the HEAT‐repeat domain of RIF1 and the eIF4E‐like domain of SHLD3. Extensive interrogation of this interface through both in vitro pulldown analysis and cellular assays supports the AF2‐predicted model and demonstrates that RIF1‐SHLD3 binding is essential for shieldin recruitment to sites of DNA damage, and for its role in antibody class switch recombination and PARP inhibitor sensitivity. Direct physical interaction between RIF1 and SHLD3 is therefore essential for 53BP1‐RIF1‐shieldin‐CST pathway activity.
Pengembangan Kartu Kendali Praktik Pada Program Studi Pendidikan Tata Busana
Authors: Rengganingsih Asri , Sawitri Sicilia
Published: June 2023

Discipline in learning is very important, as is the case for students in the Fashion Education Study Program who take practical courses. The establishment of discipline in the learning process requires efforts from the instructor as well as students themselves, so an evaluation tool in the form of a practice control card needs to be prepared. The practice control card is an evaluation tool used to monitor the progress of student practice learning. The purpose of this study was to produce a valid practice control card product as an evaluation tool in the Fashion Education Study Program. By which Research and Development method, this research was conducted. The development procedure goes through six stages, namely potential and problem analysis, data collection, product design, product validation, product revision, and product trials. The instrument used was a practice control card validation sheet and student assessment questionnaire, with validity testing using the Aiken V formula and reliability testing using rating formulas. Data analysis used quantitative descriptive methods with percentages. The results of the study indicate the level of validity of the practice control card in the valid category, namely the validity test by experts obtained by 90% and the assessment of students obtained 84% results. The conclusion of this research was the practice control card is declared valid as a learning evaluation tool in the Fashion Education Study Program. Suggestions that could be submitted are for researchers who want to conduct similar research, could conduct up to test the effectiveness of the use of practice control cards.
Experimentación con carcasas animales para reproducir patrones de marcas de corte: Aplicación a un yacimiento africano de hace dos millones de años
Authors: Domínguez-Rodrigo Manuel
Published: June 2023

Una vertiente poco explotad de la Arqueogía Experimental es la experimentación con fauna, recreando procesos de intervención antrópica y no antrópica sobre los conjuntos óseos que constituyen los yacimientos arqueológicos. Uno de esos procesos son los patrones de marcas de corte.
Abundance and Characteristics of Microplastics Found in The Gastrointestinal Tract of Commercial Marine Fish from Bitung, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Aunurohim Aunurohim , Risawati Eka Krisna , Rahmawati Eka Nur , Ashuri Nova Maulidina , Yalindua Fione Yukita , Ibrahim Putri Saphira , Citrasari Nita , Raufanda Miftakhul Sefti , Prabowo Romanus Edy
Published: June 2023

Microplastic (MP) pollution is an emerging environmental problem that threatens food security, food safety, and human health since it has been reported to be found in commercial fish consumed by humans. Bitung, North Sulawesi, is one of the biggest contributors to capture fishery production in Indonesia. However, there is no data on microplastic pollution in commercial marine fish from Bitung. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate the presence and identify the visual characteristics (color, shape, size) and the polymer type of microplastics found in the gastrointestinal tract of commercial marine fish from Bitung, North Sulawesi. The gastrointestinal tract was extracted using KOH 10%, and the microplastic was observed under a stereo microscope. A total of 753 microplastic particles were found in the gastrointestinal tract of 74 individuals (prevalence 99%), and there was a statistically significant difference in the abundance of microplastics found in the gastrointestinal tract of pelagic and demersal fish. The average number of microplastic particles found in the gastrointestinal tract of pelagic fish (12,24 ± 2,43) is higher than in demersal fish (7,38 ± 3,48). The dominant color and shape of microplastic found in the gastrointestinal tract of the fish were black and fiber, respectively. At the same time, the dominant microplastic size found in the gastrointestinal tract of demersal fish was bigger (1,001-5,000 µm, 39,4%) compared to pelagic fish (150-500 µm, 47%). The Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis result shows that microplastics of the same polymer type can be found in the gastrointestinal tract of both pelagic and demersal fish.
W dwadzieścia lat później – uwagi o finansowaniu partii politycznych w Polsce
Authors:   Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Balicki Ryszard
Published: June 2023

Financing of parties is an issue that interests and excites many, not only members of specific parties, but also, or perhaps especially, the so-called regular Joes. Emotions may not come as a surprise, as financing parties has provided material for many surprising stories in the past. After 1989, the rules for financing of political parties in Poland were modified several times until they were regulated in the fullest way in 2001, with the introduction of party financing from the state budget. The article takes a closer look at the evolution of the rules on the financing of political parties and analyses the doubts that have arisen during more than 20 years of the current statutory regulation.
Samodzielność finansowa jednostek samorządu terytorialnego w Konstytucji RP – wybrane problemy
Authors:   Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej w Lublinie, Woźnicki Marek
Published: June 2023

The scope of this article is to show selected problems concerning constitutional regulations of financial autonomy of self-government units in Poland, in the light of the legislator’s freedom to determine their incomes by bills. It appears that in the light of the current regulations, the freedom of the parliament is too great, which significantly limits the financial independence of local government units. The article will present proposals for changes to Polish constitutional regulations in this area in order to increase the self-government financial autonomy, with reference to the solutions in force in selected European countries. It is necessary to increase the influence of self-government about bills concerning their incomes and expenses, so it should be a constitutional obligation to consult such projects on the forum of the Joint Government and Self-Government Commission. The postulate of transforming the Senate into a Self-Government Chamber is also worth considering.
Limit zadłużenia z art. 216 ust. 5 Konstytucji RP w dobie pandemii wirusa COVID-19 oraz w obliczu agresji Rosji na Ukrainę
Authors:   Uniwersytet Gdański, Kielin Łukasz
Published: June 2023

The purpose of this article is to analyse proposed amendments to the debt limit from Article 216(5) of the Polish Constitution. The constitutionalization of the above limit raised many concerns and doubts, which returned in times the COVID-19 virus and Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in 2022. In the ongoing debate in recent years, it was proposed to raise reference value of debt to 90% of GDP or to exclude defence spending from the rigour of the constitutional rule. Undertaking an assessment of the proposed amendments the author first discusses the ratio legis of the fiscal rule and the problem of its application in extraordinary situations. The analysis allows the conclusion that undoubtedly the constitutional debt limit should be amended, however the above proposals do not solve the essence of the problem and thus do not deserve to be taken into account.
Prewencyjna kontrola konstytucyjności ustaw – efektywność instrumentu w świetle założeń ustrojowych i praktyki
Authors:   Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, Dudek Dariusz
Published: June 2023

The author analyzes competence of the President to initiate a preventive constitutional review and the legislative veto. The Constitution does not exclude the use of a veto if President has doubts as to the constitutionality of the act. He describes the Polish systemic practice preventive control more specifically indicates the specific actions of the current President, the subject of initiatives and judgments of the Tribunal. In conclusion author recognizes disadvantage of regulating the preventive constitutional review of statutes: there are no temporal rigors for proceedings before the Constitutional Tribunal. Practical preventive initiatives of the President concerned important issues and usually had a positive effect although the Tribunal sometimes adjudicated in these cases with considerable delay or groundlessly discontinued the proceedings. In systemic practice, the President’s legislative veto is a more effective instrument. A choice of measure of eliminating a “constitutionally suspicious” act, depends only on the President’s decision.
Protesty wyborcze w wyborach samorządowych – postulaty de lege ferenda
Authors:   Akademia Leona Koźmińskiego w Warszawie, Kielin-Maziarz Joanna
Published: June 2023

The aim of the study is to present the problems related to the auxiliary application of the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure in electoral protest cases. Selective application of the provisions of the Civil Procedure Code by courts confuses voters and has a negative impact on their confidence in the institution of protest. An example may be the application by courts of the provisions on instruction deadlines in appeal proceedings. Similarly problematic is the assumption that the deadline for submitting a protest is a strict deadline with a simultaneous distinctness in the manner of its behavior compared to the Code of Civil Procedure. The introduction of a separate procedure regime and the ordering of the rules concerning the procedure in electoral protest will facilitate the work of courts and the access to this institution for voters.
Wymóg ustawowego charakteru ograniczenia zasady jawności działania organów stanowiących jednostek samorządu terytorialnego
Authors:   Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach, Jagoda Joanna
Published: June 2023

The article aims to draw attention to the practical problem of introducing into the statutes of communes provisions limiting the transparency of the activities of decision-making bodies, without the authorization resulting from the act. The provision of art. 15zzx sec. 1 of the Anti-Covid Act entitles collective bodies of local government units to hold meetings and sessions remotely only during the state of epidemic emergency or the state of epidemic related to counteracting COVID-19 disease and constitutes an independent legal basis in this regard. Therefore, this provision cannot be introduced into the statutes of local government units by extending the possibility of organizing a remote session in the event of other epidemic states or a threat to the life or health of councilors in the future.
Ochrona prawna wolności myśli, sumienia i wyznania
Authors:   Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie, Astramowicz-Leyk Teresa , Turchyn Yaryna ,   Uniwersytet Narodowy Politechnika Lwowska
Published: June 2023

Freedom of thought, conscience and religion is one of the fundamental freedoms of individual, which has to be and is protected by international and national law, as shown on the example of the Polish Constitution. Freedom of conscience includes both the right of individual to choose the worldview and the right to change it. Freedom of religion ensures the right to express and manifest the views and convictions on religion individually and collectively, privately or publicly. Considering derogation of freedom of thought, conscience and religion, international law states that it may be restricted, but only in specific circumstances and under the legal act. The Polish Constitution is in line with international law in terms of restricting the above freedom.
Konstytucyjność wyłączenia jawności posiedzeń sądowych w postępowaniu cywilnym – przyczynek do dyskusji
Authors:   Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Kościółek Anna
Published: June 2023

This article is a contribution to the discussion on the constitutionality of examining civil cases in camera. The remarks presented in the article are based on the assumption that the essence of in camera sessions is not compliant with the constitutional right to an open examination of the case, which – being a component of the right to a properly shaped court procedure, co-creates the content of the right to a court. These sessions are the most far-reaching form of limiting, or rather excluding, openness of court sessions – both in its external and internal aspect. Therefore, the article attempts to assess the use of in camera sessions considering acceptable exceptions to the public nature of court sessions. Finally, reference was made to a party’s right to consideration of a case without undue delay, which also co-creates the right to a court.
Konstytucyjne uwarunkowania zakresu kognicji komornika sądowego po wejściu w życie ustawy z 4 lipca 2019 r. o zmianie ustawy – Kodeks postępowania cywilnego oraz niektórych innych ustaw (Dz.U. 2019 poz. 1469 ze zm.)
Authors:   Uniwersytet Jana Kochanowskiego w Kielcach, Derlatka Joanna
Published: June 2023

The goal of the paper is to present the compliance with the Constitution of the Republic of Poland of the current scope of cognition of a court bailiff in civil proceedings. After the entry into force of the amendment to the Code of Civil Procedure of July 4, 2019, the bailiff is obliged to examine the limitation period for the creditor’s claim. This state of affairs raises important constitutional doubts. The assessment of the title issue would not be possible without taking a stance on the decision of the Constitutional Tribunal of 22.07.2022, P 23/19. The study uses a dogmatic-legal research method.
Prawo do nieodpłatnej pomocy prawnej w świetle konstytucyjnej zasady równości
Authors:   Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie, Daniluk Dawid
Published: June 2023

The aim of the article is to analyze the solutions enabling the use of legal aid in the light of the principle of equality under the Art. 32 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland. There is an inconsistency between the aid at the judicial and pre-court stage. Theoretically, both forms of legal aid are aimed at people in a difficult financial situation. In practice, aid at the pre-court stage can be provided to both poor and very wealthy people, as the assessment of the inability to bear the costs of paid legal aid is based only on the subjective belief of these people. On the other hand, the grounds for obtaining legal aid at the judicial stage must be clearly demonstrated by the person applying for the appointment of a professional lawyer.
Transitional Justice, the Dual State, and the Rule of Law
Authors:   Jagiellonian University, Mikuli Piotr ,   University of Sheffield
Published: June 2023

In this article, the author argues that the introduction of measures in Poland to remedy violations of the rule of law, particularly regarding the judicial system, does not require so far referring to the principles of transitional justice. The author loosely refers to Ernst Fraenkel’s concept of a dual state which is sometimes used to describe the political reality in contemporary Poland. In a dual state, there are two parallel realities, and apart from politicized organs there may also exist institutions that have not yet been captured by the ruling party, i.e. institutions that do not recognise the current, unconstitutional legal order. Therefore, according to the author, the assessment of the legal legitimacy of certain institutions or persons (including judges), after the restoration of the rule of law in the nearest future, may differ from the classic transition from a completely non-democratic to a democratic regime.
Three Models of Presidential Impeachment in South America
Authors:   University of Warsaw, Fijałkowska-Myszyńska Alicja , Lisińska Magdalena ,   Jagiellonian University
Published: June 2023

This article systematises procedures for dismissing a Head of State in the countries of South America. We look at the genesis of introducing impeachment to the constitutions of countries in this part of the world, paying close attention to the specific historical background of the Western Hemisphere, then focusing on the categorization and systematisation of the procedure itself. We present three models of the presidential impeachment in South America: Judicial, Bicameral and Unicameral. Using a contextual approach, doctrinal research, comparative method and theory-building strategy, we discuss the general features of these models and the specificities of use in each country of the continent.
Migration of the Intellectual Elite from Belarus: Socio-Political Causes and Consequences
Authors:   Uniwersytet Przyrodniczo-Humanistyczny w Siedlcach, Ulasiuk Yuliya
Published: June 2023

The subject of the research is the problem of mass migration of the intellectual elite from Belarus. The analysis of the current situation in Belarus shows that a special role in the migration of Belarusian scientists and academic teachers is not played by economic factors, but to a greater extent, by political and social factors. Migration has taken the form of flight from Belarus, which is leading to a huge crisis in Belarusian science, education and society in general. The largest number of Belarusian scientific migrants is in Poland, where programs of assistance to Belarusian scientists and favourable conditions for moving have been created. Highly qualified specialists, leaving to work in other countries, bring significant bene-fits to the host country, at the same time causing huge, irreparable damage to the country they leave. For host countries, the migration of the intellectual elite serves as a tool to increase the country’s competitiveness in the world market.