bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Changing Face of Agriculture
Authors: Whitby Martin
Published: February 2008

Mr Whitby presents further information on the issues of inter‐industry mobility raised in his article in the July issue. He also explores the implications of these resource flows for financing training in agriculture.
Northern Ireland
Authors: Barlow Peppy
Published: February 2008

The technical colleges in Northern Ireland are finding an opportunity to develop in the area between school level‐work (with which many of them were until recently involved) and advanced courses.
TOWARDS CONTROL BY INDUSTRY
Authors: Welch K.F.
Published: February 2008

A college lecturer looks at the delicate problem of the relations between the training boards and the colleges.
Teaching the spark ignition engine
Authors: Plint M.A.
Published: February 2008

A proper understanding of the principles of the spark ignition engine must include an appreciation of the effect of variation in compression ratio; a practical difficulty in achieving this result has for long been the very high cost of variable compression ratio engines, most of which have been primarily intended for industrial use in oil company laboratories and only incidentally for instruction.
THE SHADOW OF THE POLYTECHNICS‐I
Authors: ToIley George
Published: February 2008

Created as the apex of the FE system, do the polys threaten now to ignore the ‘other colleges’ and to be tempted into developing as quasi‐universities?
THE SHADOW OF THE POLYTECHNICS — 2
Authors: Pratt John
Published: February 2008

The Senior Lecturer in Educational Planning at North East London Polytechnic shows how the Government failed to use the right means to put the objectives of the polys into practice and how they are in danger of imitating the CATs' drift into university altitudes.
THE SHADOW OF THE POLYTECHNICS — 5
Authors: Locke Michael
Published: February 2008

Other articles in this section have called for machinery to coordinate the polys and the ‘other colleges’, but within the FE system there is already such machinery. Mr Locke, Research Associate in the Centre for Institutional Studies at North East London Polytechnic, reports why the polys say the system is failing them.
A method of discovering the cost of FE
Authors: Birch Derek W.
Published: February 2008

The Senior Staff Tutor of the Further Education Staff College, Coombe Lodge, explains a new system for measuring costs in further education.
Team games
Authors: Welch P.A.
Published: February 2008

Team teaching represents much more than the grouping together of several lecturers' work. It offers a radically different philosophy of the curriculum in which the learning process is established as the keystone. For many years the learning process has been consistently confused with teaching and the consequent orientation of education towards teaching activity has been at the roots of the unrest amongst students at all levels.
A plan for action
Authors: Dunn Alison
Published: February 2008

‘Every man a planner’ might well be the slogan of a whole range of currently dissatisfied groups — the homes before roads lobby, local councillors adjusting to reorganisation, town planning students longing to apply some sociological thought and even those top level officials advocating corporate planning. It somehow opens fire on professional elitism whilst combining a plea for the environment with a post‐Poulson outcry against local government secrecy.
Vive la Tech
Authors: Dobinson
Published: February 2008

The defeat and occupation of France in the last war had at least one beneficial consequence; the complete reform of the education system. The principles developed at that time are still active today in promoting, especially in the field of vocational education, developments which are ahead of anything to be found elsewhere in the capitalist world and, judging from what I have seen on three visits to the USSR and read concerning developments in China, are probably ahead of anything in the communist world.
Beyond the classroom
Authors: O'Connor Maureen
Published: February 2008

The outline of a new structure for post school education is now about complete. Assuming that the report of the Russell committee proves acceptable to the government, and there seems no reason in view of the extreme modesty of its proposals why it should not, the Conservative blueprint for the next ten years is fairly clear. Saving an act of God or other intervention, we are to have a steady expansion of places in higher education, a contraction of teacher training places, a new qualification for the sixth form leaver who, for some reason not yet made clear, might not want to go all out for a degree, and a doubling in the numbers of students in adult education. Except for changes in the function of some of the colleges of education, the basic structure is to remain the same. Radical change there is none, nor any real recognition that there may be social changes already at work which could make nonsense of the whole edifice of higher, further and adult education as we know it.
Easing the way
Authors: Kitson George
Published: February 2008

‘It is now estimated that 5 per cent of students have psychological disorders which cause serious distress and prolonged handicap. A further 10 per cent to 20 per cent have seemingly minor, but in practice, important disorders that are often transient, but which may need skilled help if interference with effective study is to be lessened’ (NUS 1967). ‘On an average 13 per cent of university students fail to complete their courses’ (Problems of Modern Undergraduates BMJ December 1969). ‘Percentagewise the number of drop‐outs in polytechnics for non‐academic reasons is over three and a half times greater than in universities’ (The Place of the New Polytechnics in Education BBC March 1971).
General studies at a technological university
Authors: Macdonald K.M.
Published: February 2008

General Studies are not normally an integral part of a degree course at British Universities although they are present in some, especially at the former CATs. Such courses (including Liberal Studies, Complementary Studies, etc.) are also to be found in various Colleges in the tertiary education sector and in some schools; and if they have anything in common, it is probably that they are sources of contention. This study of General Studies at the University of Surrey may therefore be illuminating.
Japan—land of the economic miracle
Authors: Jones Lyndon
Published: February 2008

Until the recent oil crisis the Japanese economy was continuing to boom at an unprecedented rate, and there was plenty of tangible evidence that a high and prolonged rate of growth would be maintained. At the time of writing it is too early to predict what is the probable impact of a potential oil shortage. Meanwhile, it is instructive to analyse the factors contributing to the Japanese economic miracle.
Industrial relations—a European perspective
Authors: Clarke R.O.
Published: February 2008

Both the challenges afforded by membership of the Common Market, and the fact that British industrial relations have for several years now been something of a problem area, make it useful to see what can be learned from industrial relations experience in comparable countries in Western Europe. Clearly a short article cannot hope to describe and analyse the complex systems involved but it can serve to point to some of the more significant trends that are to be observed and to hint at the forces underlying them. First it is useful to differentiate between the broad characteristics of the British and continental systems.
International exchange in further and higher education
Authors: Platt James
Published: February 2008

Let me start with a question. What do you take to be the educational implications of these four projects on which we have been spending some of our time recently at the Central Bureau?
Education—prospects for 1976
Authors: Parker Franklin
Published: February 2008

Bringing blacks and other minorities into the American mainstream, largely by increasing their access to higher education, seems to be a continuing trend as the bicentennial of the declaration of independence approaches. The US early led the world in the expansion of educational opportunity. Despite progress elsewhere the recent acceleration of educational opportunity in the US is still striking.
The Independent University
Authors: Beloff Max
Published: February 2008

The basic concept is a fairly simple one—the creation in Britain of an institution of higher education—ultimately a University—outside the system of State provision; that is to say financed by fees and endowments and not by the taxpayer through the University Grants Committee. In present circumstances the idea itself is a radical one since it runs counter to the accepted orthodoxy according to which the State should be the only provider of education and all provision outside the public domain should be regarded as a transient exception to the rule.
Staff handbook — a valuable vade mecum
Authors: Rossiter Jean F.
Published: February 2008

It all began with an Induction Course. Like all other new members of staff I attended the one held for Academic Staff in September, 1972. The aims and objectives of the course had been set out at length, and at the end we spent a long while trying to decide whether or not they had been fulfilled. The group on this occasion was almost unanimous in its view that the end of a week of formal, albeit interesting, talks left them with mental indigestion and a numb bumb. They suggested more handouts, fewer lectures, more informal discussions, and a sherry party.
The catering industry
Authors: McDougall M.H.
Published: February 2008

One of the salient features of the economy in developed countries is the relative stability in the workforce engaged in manufacturing and the constant increase in the numbers employed in services. Increased production can often be achieved by improved technology but, despite many attempts at devising satisfactory systemised catering and some reduction of personal services offered when their full cost is realised, the hotel and catering industry finds itself constantly short of trained manpower.
Filling the void
Authors: Walsh ACIS MISM William
Published: February 2008

Decimalisation, value added tax, metrication, the Industrial Relations Act—perhaps the four most outstanding individual training subjects in the last decade. Do we now, with the death of the Industrial Relations Act, need a de‐briefing?
Unaccustomed as I am
Authors: Farnsworth Terry
Published: February 2008

Every year hundreds of organisations hold their annual conferences, which are regarded as the highlight of the company's year. Vast sums are lavished upon five‐star hotels and no effort is spared to produce a lively agenda. Frequently a number of guest speakers are invited to these meetings to inject new thinking into the corporate bloodstream. Regardless of differences in their individual backgrounds, most can be grouped into six main types.
Industrial training — who pays?
Authors: Pettman Barrie
Published: February 2008

It is now ten years since the Industrial Training Act was placed on the statute book. Progress in this decade on the training front has been vast. However, continuous assessment and modifications have been made via the 1972 Green Paper the subsequent White Paper and Bill and, more recently, the Employment and Training Act, 1973.
Problems into projects
Authors: Stoller Phyllis
Published: February 2008

“Why is it that companies willingly run five‐year apprenticeships for tradesmen but begrudge five‐day training for first‐line management?”. “And how can companies expect even their best supervisor to become a manager without giving him the technical skills one doesn't learn simply by being around the office?”.
Use of audio‐visual aids
Authors: Wareham P.A.
Published: February 2008

This article describes the results of a survey which has been conducted by a Market Research agency, working on behalf of Kodak Limited, into the use of av aids in industrial, commercial and public undertakings throughout the UK. Any organizations which I happen to mention by name are simply examples of the types which have been contacted by the agency. Kodak does not have access to any information which links a named organization to the information they have supplied to the agency. This, as you may know, is forbidden under the code of practice of the Market Research Society.
Case study in glass production
Authors: King Taylor Lynda
Published: February 2008

Glass was discovered over 5,000 years ago and is one of the oldest man‐made materials. The date and place of origin of man‐made glass may never be known but what is certain is that it was discovered somewhere in the Eastern Mediterranean at some time prior to 3,000 BC. According to Pliny, the Roman historian of the first century AD, its accidental discovery occurred at the mouth of the River Belus in Phoenicia which is now the Naaman, in Israel. In his Natural History he writes:
Management education by post
Authors: Pyper I.F.
Published: February 2008

In the past, the Co‐operative Union's postal tuition section has served thousands of students. Many of the Co‐operative movement's senior officials possess qualifications gained through correspondence study or through a combination of correspondence courses and residential study at the Co‐operative College. Recently, with the phasing‐out of traditional Co‐operative Union awards and the reduction in numbers employed in the movement, support for our established course provisions has declined. The increased size of trading units and changes in promotion patterns within the Distributive Industry, as well as the rapid expansion of the further education system, have also affected demand for correspondence courses. The Co‐operative Union Education Department has, therefore, undertaken a considerable investment in the production of new courses to meet the changed pattern of need, and several new initiatives in the sphere of management education are being planned.
Drop‐out analysis
Authors: Loveluck Clive
Published: February 2008

A great deal of attention is devoted to the problem of student wastage. This is understandable since a high proportion of the costs of education are fixed; and wastage, to any substantial degree, considerably increases the cost per successful student.
The axe falls
Authors: Jones Lyndon
Published: February 2008

Following years of headlong expansion, education has outrun the capacity to pay. A crash programme of retrenchment is inevitable. In the planning of such a programme central government must inevitably be involved, because many aspects of national policy require urgent review.
Equality in the current crisis — and afterwards
Authors: Prentice PC Reg
Published: February 2008

Too many people in Britain today are giving way to a temptation to assume that the economic crisis is for other people to solve. This temptation is natural enough but potentially fatal to our country. No individual is entitled to be contracted out of our national struggle. Nor are any of our public services. The overriding priorities for this country are to beat inflation and to pay our way in the world.
Direct grant schools at ministerial mercy
Authors: van Straubenzee MBE W.R.
Published: February 2008

Interviewed by The Times on 5 August, Reg. Prentice, speaking of the short time during which I was the Opposition Spokesman for Education, made the somewhat surprising comment that although he and I had had differences of emphasis ‘we had no clash of principle’. Now related to the short time I was doing the job that of course is perfectly true; but if the inference is that had I continued in the role we should not have had any such clashes, then it is certainly misleading. For example, in those early days of Labour Government no move had been made against the Direct Grant Schools. Had there been we should certainly have seen a clash of principle. Indeed with Labour policy in mind I had already, in one speech in the House of Commons, started to draw the battle lines.
Four and a half centuries of service
Authors: Baggley David
Published: February 2008

Those celebrating the 450th anniversary of the institution in which they work (as did Bolton School in 1974) would be well advised to look forward quite as hard as they look back. An existence which exceeds four centuries must count for something, even if it be only an extremely tough shell or a Vicar of Bray‐like capacity to adapt to external circumstances. But no institution has a built‐in right to live for ever, and history is littered with the remains of institutions and organisations (or their monuments) which—like the great Cistercian Abbeys of the north of England—were apparently unchallengeable in their hey‐day but which now are little more than names writ in water. If something is to survive as a living and successful entity, it must fulfil a need and, even more, be seen to do so. These reflections have been much in the mind of those looking back this year over the 450 years in which a ‘grammar school’ has flourished in Bolton; and their outline has been sharpened by contemporary noises on the Left which suggest that, at some not‐too‐distant date, the present pattern of the school—an urban, academically‐selected day school in receipt of direct grant from the DES—may be under considerable pressure to change.
Further education on the air
Authors: Matthews Tony
Published: February 2008

We once did a television series for managers about the theory and practice of modern marketing. In one of the programmes we had Chris Chataway driving into the studio in a Ford Edsel car, the classic commercial flop of all time. The programme proceeded to tell the audience the kind of marketing strategies to use if Edsel‐type failures were to be avoided in launching new products. Finding out what the customer needs; planning and designing the product; testing it on the market; promoting it and selling it; distributing and advertising it—such was the marketing catechism you had to practise if you were to minimise the risks of profit‐less or even disastrous innovation. It was not enough to make a better mousetrap and expect customers to beat a path to your door.
Training in the jungle — CALTEX style
Authors: Jones Lyndon
Published: February 2008

Inside, the air conditioning was humming away and the IBM Computer System 370 Model 135 was whirring. Outside, the temperature and humidity were both in the nineties; fan palms and orchids grew; monkeys chattered, wild pigs roamed and, deeper in the jungle, the elephant was king. Earlier in the week, whilst en route to school, the young son of an expatriate inadvertently stood on a viper; a caddy killed a cobra on the sixth green; and the footprint of a tiger was seen in one of the bunkers.
Parlez vous die Deutsch?
Authors: Newmark Peter
Published: February 2008

You cannot start learning a foreign language unless you know what linguistic skill you want to acquire, what topics you want to cover in the language, for what purpose, and how keen you are. Language learning splits fairly clearly into eight main skills: listening, speaking, reading, writing, translating (either way), interpreting (either way). The last two are professional skills when practised from foreign to native language; but they are also socially useful at quite an elementary level to help friends or for occasional business.
What's in a qualification?
Authors: Whitehead Keith
Published: February 2008

In our sophisticated technological age, educational qualifications abound: technical, commercial, academic, occupational, and so forth, tending to increase by type and number in proportion to the rate of increase of economic complexity and the greater degree of labour specialisation which accompanies it. One hundred years ago they were far fewer in number because the need for them was less than it is today. In one hundred years time they will probably be greater still.
ISM: a force for educational and social change
Authors: Maxwell Towers J.
Published: February 2008

Before someone challenges the implications of the above title, let me ask two questions. One: has it not always been the case that education, whether consciously or not, has been an agent of social change? Two: is it not true to say that there never was a time when education was being used so consciously as a means to change society than is the case today? Let me also say, before I outline the origins and the aspirations of the Institute, that the social aspects of the Institute, while they do not outweigh its educational aspects, are very important to its members. Now to our history.
The impact of organisational theory on college administration
Authors: Loveluck Clive
Published: February 2008

The educational administrator has had a difficult life in the last few years. If we consider, for example, the pressures exerted on the Directors of Polytechnics, we can see that such people require considerable talent and tact to cope with the situation — student troubles, economic pressures, the integration of Art Schools and Colleges of Education into Polytechnic structures all involve organizational problems of one sort or another.
The Senior Teacher in Scottish further education
Authors: Reeves Dudley
Published: February 2008

The Senior Teacher sounds a lowly educational animal, but is in fact second only to a Head of Department in the hierarchy of Scottish Further Education colleges. His English counterpart is usually accorded the lofty title of Principal Lecturer or Senior Lecturer. But what does the designation matter if the pay is all right? And some STs, if they are honours graduates, receive well over £4,500 pa. Promotion from Teacher to Senior Teacher could mean an overnight salary increase of 40 per cent.
Putting them in the picture is not a frame‐up
Authors: Walsh William
Published: February 2008

It has been said that about 90 per cent of new management techniques are old ideas put into new words and given contemporary names like Management by Objectives, Value Engineering, Operational Research, and so on. So too with the growing pressure on firms to tell their workers (or some of their workers who are called shop stewards) the facts of business life. Today we call it ‘disclosure of information’; at one time it was called ‘putting them in the picture’.
Managing a further education college
Authors: Davies Noel H.
Published: February 2008

The Colleges of Further Education, along with the Polytechnics and the Colleges of Education, form the public sector of the binary system of higher education. These are all Local Authority colleges with Governing Bodies set up according to Instruments and Articles of Government approved by the Secretary of State for Education and Science. The government of these colleges is similar, and the DES has been very active in encouraging more autonomy for the institutions. As an example, DES Circular 7/70 outlines the functions to be exercised, respectively, in relation to a College of Further Education, by the LEA, the Governing Body, the Principal, and the Academic Board.
Educating students from overseas — an emotive question
Authors: Jones Lyndon , Bird S.E.
Published: February 2008

During recent weeks there has been considerable comment regarding the cost of educating overseas students in the United Kingdom Regrettably we have witnessed in the debate the use of spurious statistics, false premises, and muddled facts. Hence, it is not surprising that the public are often confused by the emotive outburst from certain quarters. Others amongst us find the racist overtones of some of the political debators singularly distasteful.
Routes for Part‐time Study: Student Wastage and Comparative Costs
Authors: Jones Lyndon , Wylie A.
Published: February 2008

Those wishing to study but unable to attend a full‐time, sandwich, or block release course have a number of options open to them. They may study on a part‐time day release course, at evening classes, by correspondence tuition, or by private study. A fifth route is by Directed Private Study ie linked oral‐postal tuition. Hitherto, relatively few students have followed this method of study; but there is reason to believe that more will do so in the years ahead.
Social work
Authors: Stephens Gordon
Published: February 2008

How well do you think parents understand you? Do you think it will be different when you are in their position? It may be a while before you have your own family; but if you think you can contribute to better understanding to bridge the “generation gap”, why not consider working with children when you leave school? Of course, it may be different when you are the adult in other children's lives.
How to select a training professional
Authors: Farnsworth Terry
Published: February 2008

When I entered industry seventeen years ago, training was a very neglected and impoverished function which led a somewhat obscure and precarious existence at the outer fringes of either works management or personnel. The modern training professional was virtually unknown. Frequently, those in charge of training were in the evening of their working lives: many, for example, were ex‐foremen whose main concern was the training of apprentices. Management training was still in its infancy and, even in the more progressive organizations, the training of supervisors was largely confined to the basic TWI programmes and the occasional work study appreciation course.
Effective management of the joining‐up process
Authors: Jones Lyndon
Published: February 2008

The joining‐up process embraces recruiting, hiring, formal training, first assignment to the point when the new employee is performing at a pre‐determined level. The joining‐up process is extremely important to both the person and the organisation. Despite this it is often badly handled.
Contingency theory in management
Authors: Redding Gordon
Published: February 2008

In a presidential speech to the annual conference of the Academy of Management in Seattle, Professor Lyman Porter took as his theme the progress of work in Organizational Behaviour, and noted the long time‐gap between the discovery of ideas in Organizational Behaviour and their application in Organization Development. With some ideas, twenty years have elapsed between their original discovery and the ability to apply them to real‐life situations.
The strategy of management training
Authors: Loveluck Clive
Published: February 2008

As management trainers, we are often involved in the attempt to persuade students and managers to formulate, analytically, organizational corporate strategy; we are less accustomed, however, to practising these doctrines on our own strategic problems. This article attempts to provide a framework of analysis, rather than a set of answers, for the training manager. In order to present the argument briefly, we shall make extensive use of the Diagram and a series of propositions, together with comments thereon.
Adult education as a unifying influence
Authors: Bean Cleeland
Published: February 2008

Most people will doubtless agree that in the educational, business, and industrial fields the need for positive viewpoints and a willingness to work intelligently for the common good are personal qualities which make for national progress. These goodwill attitudes constitute what the psychologists call the virtues of leadership, and provide spurs to great enterprises. But in terms of training people to adopt such characteristics, a framework of reference is essential.
Avoiding breakdowns in a working group
Authors: Page Denys
Published: February 2008

What is meant by “breakdowns”? A motor car, if it is driven too hard or too long, will inevitably lose its efficiency, and in the end may break down completely. This is because it consists of a number of delicate individual parts which have to be tuned and properly maintained, otherwise they will fail to work effectively together.
Employee motivation through job enrichment
Authors: Jones Lyndon
Published: February 2008

People have been complaining about work ever since it was invented. Today, however, many believe that there is something different about the discontent. Additionally in many cases, because of the shift in the balance of power, shop floor personnel can now exercise considerable control over output. As a result organisations are coming up with plans — some pure public relations, some innovative — designed to pacify demotivated workers. The car industry in particular, where about 25 per cent of its labour force assembles cars with robot‐like monotony, has been a pace‐setter. There the term job enrichment seems still to be the most popular phrase in use to describe industrial management techniques introduced to counter job alienation, to make work more meaningful, to deal with “blue collar blues”, to humanize work, to utilise human resources more fully, to improve performance, and to solve problems.
Blue collars with pin‐stripe suits
Authors: Allen OBE Bill
Published: February 2008

There is a widespread acceptance of the need for a greater degree of involvement by all employees in the organisations in which they work. Participation is the practice in which employees take part in management decisions, and is based on the assumption of a community of interest between employer and employee in furthering the long‐term prospects of the organization and those who work in it. Four of the main benefits of increased employee participation are outlined in the report as follows:
Regional Management Centres
Authors: Gold Donald
Published: February 2008

Although Regional Management Centres were first announced in 1971, and there are now 12 of them round the country, it is surprising that there are still quite a lot of people who have only vaguely heard of them, or are not at all clear what their purpose really is and what they are trying to achieve. For this reason, I am writing a series of outlines on their contribution to management education in this country.
Administration in an academic department
Authors: Ryan Bob
Published: February 2008

When I describe myself as an Administrator, people immediately ask “but what do you do?”. Administration it seems is all things to all men. A common mistake I find is that people confuse administration with management. University management is most commonly understood to be the policy‐making structure of bodies like Senate and Council, whereas the administration is the organisation which puts this policy into practice. The job content varies of course from department to department, and certainly varies in different universities. It would seem that what I am being asked to do in this article is to justify my own position. Let me say fron the outset that I have no intention of accepting that challenge. What I intend to do is to outline how I personally see the role of a departmental administrator.
The axeman cometh
Authors: Fowler Gerry
Published: February 2008

Tory Governments have one remarkable virtue not possessed by their opponents. When they win a General Election, they move thereafter with a speed which never fails to astonish their better intentioned but more ponderous Labour predecessors in office, as well as civil servants and the general public. It's as if they wished to carry through their whole programme in the first six months of office. They did it in 1970, and they are doing it again in 1979. Admittedly such indecent haste serves only to bring forward the day of the inevitable U‐turn, which this time shows every sign already of being a positive gyration or pirouette; but even the most naive determination and forcefulness demands admiration.
On safari from the blackboard jungle
Authors: Education Authority Hampshire , Hants Chamber of Commerce S.E.
Published: February 2008

The Employment Education Project was launched towards the end of 1976. It arose following discussions between the Industrial Association of SE Hants Chamber of Commerce & Industry and Hampshire Education Authority. They shared a concern that in recent years the worlds of education and employment had changed so significantly that there was the risk of a major breakdown in understanding between these two elements of society. The objectives of EEP in SE Hants were therefore to identify the problems which Secondary schools and employers perceived in their relationships with one another, to discuss possible solutions with them, to participate in implementing plans to address problems at a local level, and to press for action at a national level on problems not soluble at a local level.
Changing attitudes, as well as jobs
Authors: Smith Richard
Published: February 2008

One of the most difficult situations in which to introduce changes to people's jobs is where they already have a basic feeling of insecurity. So, in many ways, the current economic climate in Britain is hardly conducive to a general movement which centres on altering jobs and work organizations as a way of improving the quality of working life.
Labour‐management cooperation in productivity
Authors: Landen Dutch
Published: February 2008

It is generally recognised that the United States is in the grip of a productivity crisis. What is not generally recognised is what to do about it. Do solutions lie primarily in the hands of management?
Antecedents — influencing behaviour before it happens
Authors: Jones Lyndon
Published: February 2008

Behaviourist theory states that behaviour can be broken down into three elements which are chained to one another. In schematic form this may be shown as follows:
It's people who matter
Authors: Sieff
Published: February 2008

In his maiden speech in the House of Lords 15 years ago my father said:
Bringing the art of management to book
Authors: Markwell Don
Published: February 2008

Management writing has probably suffered more than any other part of literature from information pollution. The proliferation of reading that is available to most managers has had the interesting consequence, as I found when I asked ten colleagues at random, of putting books and to a lesser extent journals and magazines in the category of pictures on the wall. They are nice to be seen, rarely read, and occupy vacant space. They impress. The owner has a budget for books. That they become outdated and that many of them were not worth writing — or worth buying — in the first place is barely relevant. They establish status. They say something perhaps to others — he is the sort of person who tries to keep up to date (sic!). On a recent office bookshelf a Survey of Modern Knowledge dated 1921 had a prominent place. They also provide another bit of furniture in the spartan veneer of plasticated ferroconcrete and glass that make up modern offices.
Management responsibility for health and safety
Authors: Hammer Jim
Published: February 2008

Management was increasingly preoccupied with economic survival during 1980, and this included reviewing the financial impact of occupational health and safety requirements. Up to now the cost or pace of improved health and safety standards has not been seriously questioned because legislation has been flexible, allowing progressive improvement, and the Inspectorate has worked closely with employers, trade organisations, and the trade unions. This co‐operation is continuing to raise standards in particular fields.
Focus on languages — getting round the barriers
Authors: Bell Anthony
Published: February 2008

Languages are in a class of their own. The development of language is often supposed to mark the beginning of real human existence: organisational man. Everyone grows up speaking one out of the estimated 6,000 in the world — and some people are lucky enough to grow up with two, three or even more. Yet to learn a new language seems to require such a lot of effort, and many school pupils end up with the feeling that they really haven't got an awful lot out of their three or four years of French.
Yes, the boss is human too
Authors: Page Denys
Published: February 2008

However skilled we may be at managing our subordinates, many of us fail to apply similar principles in our relationships with our bosses. Somehow the fact that a person exercises power and authority over us seems to blot out any considerations that he or she might be a human being — just like the rest of us. Bosses not only think, but they feel too; and they can be hurt by the behaviour not only of their own boss but also of their subordinates.
Gone to lunch
Authors: Pratt John
Published: February 2008

John Pratt, a supporter of the ideals behind the Open University, casts a critical look at its likely operation.
College is only a pillar box away
Authors: Cowham F.L.
Published: February 2008

Every year at this time — and in fact throughout the year — many thousands of students all over the country enrol for correspondence courses with the 20 colleges that comprise the membership of the Association of British Correspondence Colleges. The Association represents the major colleges in the United Kingdom which between them provide tuition for 12 GCE Boards, 8 London University external degrees and diplomas, some 100 professional or examining bodies, and over 150 technical, commercial, academic and leisure subjects.
The examination of corrosion products and processes PART 1—WET AND ELECTROCHEMICAL METHODS
Authors: von Fraunhofer J.A. , Pickup G.A.
Published: February 2008

A general survey is made of the techniques currently employed in corrosion studies. The application of both physical‐chemical and physical techniques is discussed. The majority of the techniques described could be used at some time or other by any corrosion laboratory either directly or indirectly. It is only by making such a wide coverage that a detailed picture of a corrosion process can be understood and the significance of alloying and corroding media (be it gas or liquid) appreciated.
Some aspects of corrosion problems associated with storage tanks
Authors: Watts F.S.
Published: February 2008

The general outline of nature and extent of corrosion that can occur, both internally and externally, are described and some methods of inspection enumerated. Repair and/or mitigation methods available are also discussed. (This paper was originally presented at the Second Kuwait Symposium of the Institute of Petroleum, March 1964.)
Chemical derusting in the production line
Authors: Kennedy J.G.
Published: February 2008

Cleaning plays an extremely important part in the manufacture of metal components which are ultimately to be given a protective coating, since the presence of the smallest amount of scale, oxide, grease or dirt could cause poor adhesion, and corrosion can occur under the coat. Before the final finishing, most metal components undergo four processes—firstly, preliminary cleaning or decreasing to remove the heavy oils, greases and soils; secondly, pickling and bright dipping for the removal of oxide and scale; thirdly, polishing and mechanical finishing; fourthly, there is normally a hot alkali cleaning process, which must again be followed by an acid dip to ensure that any oxide is removed.
Anode Spread and Coatings
Authors: Wilson C.L.
Published: February 2008

IN A PREVIOUS article, discussions and computations on the distribution of currents in electrolytic cells were presented. It was stated that further work was being carried out and this article covers one of these further pieces of work. In the application of cathodic protection to ships' hulls it has long been realised that individual anodes should be set on backings of highly insulating coatings to spread the protection. If this is not done then there is a very high level of over‐protection in the vicinity of the anode which absorbs a majority of the current available.
Chemical vapour deposition of aluminium oxide on steel
Authors: Strocchi P.M. , Baudo G.
Published: February 2008

Oxides in general, by reason of their chemical inertia in oxidising atmospheres, high melting point and high mechanical strength, afford a suitable protective coating at high temperatures. Aluminium oxide in particular also has good thermal shock resistance, good impact resistance at high temperatures, and moderate self‐sealing properties. Hitherto it has been applied to turbojets, space components and rocket jets by flame spraying or arc plasma spraying. Since the characteristic properties of the coating, and hence its efficiency, are directly associated with its degree of structural perfection, the application technique has great importance; in this sense it may be thought, that chemical vapour deposition, allowing the ‘construction’ of the coating atom by atom or molecule by molecule, could produce a material having chemical and physical properties close to the theoretical. For this and other reasons the authors have already had the idea of studying the possible application of this technique for the preparation of a coating of aluminium oxide.
The use of lead in chemical plant
Authors: von Fraunhofer J.A.
Published: February 2008

Corrosion, the destructive attack upon metals and alloys (and other materials) by their environment, is a common and widespread phenomenon. Although corrosion in domestic life may be restricted to seizure of nuts and bolts or unsightly rust stains, its occurrence in industry, and especially the chemical industry, may have serious economic effects. Corrosion may cause any of the following:
Oxyplast powder coating
Authors: Ruzicka F.C.J.
Published: February 2008

Drynamels Ltd., a T.I. company and specialist in the manufacture of coatings for metal surfaces, has recently concluded an agreement for the exclusive rights in the U.K. for the Oxyplast range of epoxy powders developed by Libert Freres, of Ghent, Belgium. In this article the technical director of Drynamels describes the step forward in powder coating technology represented by this development.
Coating of North Sea gas pipelines
Authors: Tate Donald
Published: February 2008

Anti‐corrosion protection of large diameter North Sea gas pipes is big business and for Wailes Dove Bitumastic Ltd. of Hebburn, Co. Durham, it has meant contracts from the Gas Council totalling almost £2 million over a period of eighteen months. This report describes the pipe coating technique carried out by the company.
Lead as an anode—Part 1
Authors: von Fraunhofer J.A.
Published: February 2008

The use of lead and its alloys as an anode material in a wide variety of electrochemical and electrometallurgical processes is undoubtedly one of the most important applications of the metal. This article is consequently concerned with the anodic behaviour of lead in various electrolyte solutions but with emphasis upon sulphuric acid and chloride media. The anodic behaviour of lead is obviously dependent upon the nature of the solution. At one extreme there is sulphuric acid which permits the formation of a thin conducting layer of PbO2, at the other there is hydrochloric acid in which PbO2 formation cannot occur owing to the preferential formation of lead chloride and chlorocomplexes. Although the anodic behaviour of lead in sulphuric acid is critically discussed, the detailed electrochemistry of the lead‐acid accumulator is not considered since it has been exhaustively treated elsewhere. Accumulator technology is, however, referred to in the context of grid corrosion where relevant.
The principal corrosion‐resistant applications of stainless steel
Authors: Rowland K.T.
Published: February 2008

IN ANY survey of stainless steel applications it is soon apparent that in the vast majority of cases it is the corrosion resistance of the material which is the deciding factor in its selection. Appearance, non‐toxicity, retention of strength at high and low temperatures, and ease of fabrication are all important in varying degrees, but the widespread applications of stainless steel— a material which celebrated its first half‐century only a few years ago—follow principally from its inherent ‘stainless’ properties which confer a remarkable degree of resistance to attack in a wide variety of environments.
Further corrosion problems in the chemical industry
Authors: Banfield R.H.
Published: February 2008

This article is a sequel to that published in ‘Anti‐Corrosion’ in September/October 1967 and describes a few more interesting cases which Mr. Banfield has come across in his position of Corrosion and Materials officer for the Laporte Group of companies.
Prestige coatings from coal‐tar pitch
Authors: Thompson John
Published: February 2008

Coal‐tar pitch, either in its simple form or as part of more complicated formulations, is being increasingly used in modern times for the heavy‐duty protection of steelwork, concrete, non‐ferrous metals, etc. wherever the utmost in resistance to corrosion is required. Wailes Dove Bitumastic Ltd., of Hebburn, Co. Durham, have been specialists in coal‐tar pitch compositions for over 100 years and are in the vanguard of research to extend its possibilities to keep pace with modern needs for corrosion prevention. This report traces the development of coal‐tar pitch from its use as a simple, single material to its use in the most modern and advanced type of coatings.
Advantages of chlorinated rubber paints
Authors: Birkenhead T.F.
Published: February 2008

CHLORINATED RUBBER has been known for over 35 years, although its most rapid development in die paint industry has taken place in the last 10 years. Two factors have been responsible for this fairly recent growing awareness of paints based on this resin.
The use of zinc dust paints in shipbuilding as a prefabrication primer
Authors: Sakami Shiro
Published: February 2008

The widespread use of zinc dust paints and their economic advantages compared with the traditional methods of protecting steel from corrosion were described by speakers from the USA, Japan, the Netherlands, Belgium, Norway and the United Kingdom at a symposium organised by The Zinc Development Association in London on 25 and 26 September. This, the newest method of applying metallic zinc coatings to steel, has grown enormously in popularity during the last 10 years and has found many spectacular applications, such as for coating oil tankers of over 300,000 tons deadweight, oil and sulphur rigs in the Gulf of Florida, off‐shore oil drilling wells in Alaska, as well as for the more routine protection of bridges, railway rolling stock and the steelwork of chemical and other industrial plants. The symposium, which was attended by 300 people, mainly from the steel using industries in Britain and from the Continent, was the first of its kind at which users and suppliers of zinc dust paints and specialist consultants have been brought together to discuss the latest developments in zinc dust paints. Much interest was shown in descriptions of satisfactory methods of welding steel coated with zinc‐rich paints, and the simple ways in which health hazards from zinc fumes arising from welding can be avoided. It was stressed in several papers that zinc dust paints require good surface preparation, carefully controlled application and properly engineered overcoating, but the comparatively high initial cost of achieving this is amply repaid in reduced maintenance in subsequent years. The ZDA is preparing a full, illustrated report on the seminar which will contain the texts of the papers and an edited account of the discussions. This report will be sent to all who took part in the seminar and further copies will be available in a few weeks from the ZDA, 34 Berkeley Square, London.
CORROSION AND CATHODIC PROTECTION
Authors: Beezley H.V. , Olson G.R.
Published: February 2008

Methods of protecting pipelines from corrosion are discussed in this second part of a paper which has become a source of reference for basic data on cathodic protection for underground systems. Part I appeared in our February issue.
Surface preparation in the shipyard
Authors: Jackson J.
Published: February 2008

Keeping a ship properly painted costs the owner a lot of money; the builder, repairer, and paint chemist a lot of headaches. Whether the paint stays on or not depends to a great extent on the man who is faced with the prospect of preparing and painting a vast area of steelwork against time and probably in the cold, wet, and windy conditions that occur in shipyards. Good results are possible by making the most of new materials and applying an intelligent balance between ideal and practical conditions