bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thornthwaite-Mather vandens balanso modelio taikymas Lietuvos upėms
Authors: Stonevičius Edvinas , Reitelaitis Dovydas
Published: November 2016

Mėnesio laiko žingsnio vandens balanso modeliai dažnai taikomi vertinant baseinų, kurių hidrologinių bei meteorologinių duomenų prieinamumas yra mažas, nuotėkį. Tokio tipo modeliai gali būti taikomi ir tada, kai sudėtingesniems modeliams pritaikyti trūksta duomenų, leidžiančių apibūdinti modelyje vertinamus nuotėkį formuojančius procesus. Šiame darbe Thornthwaite-Mather modeliu skaičiuotas penkių skirtingo maitinimo ir baseino savybių Lietuvos upių nuotėkis, siekta įvertinti, kokios yra šio mėnesio laiko žingsnio vandens balanso modelio stipriosios ir silpnosios savybės vertinant vidutinio dydžio upių nuotėkį, būdingą regionui.
Atlikta modeliu apskaičiuoto nuotėkio jautrumo modelio parametrų vertėms analizė. Tirtiesiems upių baseinams modelis taikytas Monte Karlo optimizavimo metodu nustatant geriausiai baseinuose vykstančius nuotėkio formavimosi procesus, atspindinčius modelio parametrų derinius. Su pasirinktais kiekvienos upės baseinui optimaliais parametrais modelis tiksliai gali įvertinti vidutinę daugiametę sezoninę nuotėkio kaitą. Geriausiai modeliu atspindimi nuotėkio formavimosi procesai šaltuoju metų laiku ir per pavasario potvynius, o per vasaros nuosėkį ir rudens nuotėkį modelis tiksliai įvertina ne visose upėse. Daugiametę nuotėkio kaitą ThornthwaiteMather modelis geriausiai apibūdina upėse, kurių sezoninė nuotėkio kaita yra didžiausia, o natūralus nuotėkio reguliavimas mažiausias. Modelis gali efektyviai įvertinti viso tirtojo laikotarpio spalio–balandžio mėn. nuotėkį upėse su mažu natūraliu nuotėkio reguliavimu, o maža sezonine nuotėkio kaita pasižyminčių upių nuotėkį atspindi nepakankamai efektyviai.
Baltijos jūros priekrantės dugno reljefo kaita Klaipėdos uosto prieigose XX a.
Authors: Žaromskis Rimas , Gulbinskas Saulius
Published: November 2016

Įvairiais laikotarpiais Klaipėdos uoste atliktų tyrimų kartografinės medžiagos ir literatūros šaltinių analizės pagrindu nagrinėjama visą XX a. laikotarpį Klaipėdos uosto prieigose vykusi priekrantės dugno reljefo kaita. Šią kaitą lėmė tiek uosto plėtra, ypač susijusi su įplaukos kanalo valymu ir laipsnišku gilinimu, tiek natūralūs procesai: audros, ekstremalūs pavasario potvyniai, padidinantys vandens ir nuosėdų išnašas pro Klaipėdos sąsiaurį, Pietryčių Baltijos priekrantinis nešmenų srautas ir kt. Daromos išvados apie barinių seklumų dinamikos ir įplaukos kanalo valymo bei gilinimo apimčių priklausomybę; šių seklumų vaidmenį priekrantinių nešmenų tranzitui; hidrotechninių įrenginių poveikį piečiau ir šiauriau uosto molo esančiam priekrantės dugno reljefui.
DISSIPATION RATE AND RESIDUES OF ACETAMIPRID AND IPRODIONE IN SWEET CHERRY FRUITS
Authors: Lazić Sanja , Šunjka Dragana , Panić Srđan , Bjelica Zdravko , Vuković Slavica
Published: November 2016

A neonicotinoid insecticide acetamiprid and dicarboximide fungicide iprodione,are used in sweet cherry for control of the major pest (Rhagoletis cerasi L.) andpathogen (Monilia laxa). For the purpose of the safe consumption of agriculturalproducts after pesticide application, studies on their dissipation kinetics areessential to work out their half-lives (DT50) and pre-harvest intervals (PHI).However, there is a lack of information on the persistence of acetamiprid andiprodione in sweet cherry fruits in different climatic conditions of production.Therefore, the objectives of this study were to investigate the dissipation andresidues of acetamiprid and iprodione in sweet cherry fruits, as well as to evaluatethe validity of prescribed PHI for these pesticides. Field experiments wereconducted in a sweet cherry orchard, near Novi Sad, where acetamiprid andiprodione were applied at a recommended concentration. At various time intervals,from treatment to harvest, having in mind PHI (14 days for acetamiprid and 7 daysfor iprodione) representative samples of sweet cherry fruits were collected.Extraction of pesticides was carried out by QuEChERS method, followed byHPLC-DAD analysis. The method was validated in accordance with theSANCO/12571/2013 document and was used the determination of pesticides inreal sweet cherry samples. During the study period, the concentration ofacetamiprid and iprodione decreased from 0.52 mg/kg to 0.11 mg/kg and from 0.29mg/kg to 0.07 mg/kg, respectively. The dissipation of acetamiprid and iprodioneresidues over the time fitted to the equation Ct=0.52-0.22t and Ct=0.29-0.20t, with DT50of 3.15 and 3.47 days, respectively. Finally, the content of acetamiprid andiprodione in sweet cherry samples, at the end of PHI, were below the maximumallowed level specified by the Serbian (1.5 mg/kg and 3 mg/kg) and EU MRLs (1.5mg/kg and 10 mg/kg).
FOOD WASTAGE BY TUNISIAN HOUSEHOLDS
Authors: Sassi Khaled , Capone Roberto , Abid Ghassen , Debs Philipp , El Bilali Hamid , Bouacha Olfa Daaloul , Bottalico Francesco , Driouech Noureddin , Terras Dorra Sfayhi
Published: November 2016

Food waste (FW) is seen as an obstacle to achieving food and nutrition security andfood systems sustainability. It is known in literature that households are significantcontributors to the total amount of FW. This paper reports on results of an onlinesurvey that was conducted from February to April 2015 with a random sample of281 Tunisian adults. The aim of the survey is to assess the knowledge and relativeimportance of FW; attitudes towards FW; impacts of behaviors regarding food andfood management; quantity and value of FW; as well as barriers and willingness tobehavioral change. The sample was not gender-balanced (71.2% female and 28.8%male). The majority of the respondents was young (70.8% aged between 18 and 34years) and has high education level (95.4% having university and PhD degrees).Food waste is prevalent in Tunisia as about the half of respondents declare thatthey throw food. The most wasted food products are fruits, vegetables, and cerealsand bakery products. Only 42.7% of respondents declared that the economic valueof food waste generated each month is more than 6US$. Most of Tunisianrespondents have a good understanding of food labels that is probably due to thehigh education level of the sample. About 37% of respondents throw weekly atleast 250 g of still consumable food. To reduce FW in Tunisia it is important to seta strategy at all food chain levels. There is also an urgent need to raise people’s andorganizations awareness towards this problem. This article provides a basis for thedevelopment of other more context specific investigations and interventions for theprevention of household FW in Tunisia.
РАНГАНАТАНОВА ,,ЗЛАТНА " ПРАВИЛА БИБЛИОТЕКАРСТВА КРОЗ ПРИЗМУ БИБЛИОТЕКЕ КАО ИНФОРМАЦИОНОГ ЦЕНТРА
Authors: Митровић Јелена
Published: November 2016

Математичар по раном опредељењу, библиотекар по духов-ном избору, Ранганатан је исткао ,,златну“ ниску својих пет законабиблиотекарства и на тај начин дао свој допринос једној професијичија ће неопходност бити све више изражена. Та правила претендују дадобију статус нормативних закона, али би већу ефикасност имала кадаби их библиотекари доживљавали као своју навику, као нешто противчега се не може и не сме. Без обзира на чињеницу да једино што јеизвесно је промена, да библиотеке непрекидно мењају своју физионо-мију не би ли се прилагодиле све већем тржишту информација, у Ран-ганатановим ,,златним“ правилима можемо наћи универзалну вред-ност. Терминологија је оно што одолева зубу времена, али добрепринципе који утиру пут једном специфичном погледу на свет требанеговати и чувати. Било да говоримо о књизи или електронском доку-менту, каталозима или он-лајн ресурсима, читаоцу или кориснику,суштина остаје иста. Стога овај рад има за циљ да покаже да се Ранга-натанова ,,златна“ правила могу применити и на библиотеку која јесредиште тог новог, још увек недовољно истраженог, информационогуниверзума.
КОРИСНИЦИ НОВИХ СЕРВИСА УНИВЕРЗИТЕТСКЕ БИБЛИОТЕКЕ “СВЕТОЗАР МАРКОВИЋ”
Authors: Ђорђевић Маја , Кринуловић Оја
Published: November 2016

Корисницима у Универзитетској библиотеци “СветозарМарковић” се у складу са иновацијама у области интегрисаних систе-ма развијају бројне најразличитије услуге, које иду даље од ранијихосновних једноставних модула. Поред on-line претраживања OPAC-а,ту је међубиблиотечка позајмица и достава докумената, информација одоступности књиге, електронско продужавање задужења, контролаприспећа часописа, као и услуга “питај библиотекара” (Ask Librarian).Најспецифичнија услуга је Израда библиографије цитираних радова,која даје податак о броју цитата неког аутора у светској литератури,што је већ деценијама веома актуелна тема.Оснивањем Конзорцијума библиотека Србије за обједињену набавку(КоБСОН) крајем 2001. године дефинитивно почиње нова ера укоришћењу електронских публикација. Тако да се од тада у Универзи-тетској библиотеци одржавају различити видови едукације везани запретраживање електронских часописа и књига преко порталаКОБСОН. Данас је доступно преко 35000 електронских часописа и40000 електронских књига. Претраживање је могуће преко Академскемреже. Покривене су области из свих научних дисциплина.Електронска књига, један је од новијих сегмената електронских изво-ра. Ebrary је специфичан сервис са новим могућностима, направљентако да нуди потпуну функционалност приликом читања електронскекњиге на коју смо навикли као читаоци штампане књиге и свеобухват-но електронско радно окружење. Књига се чита онлајн са мноштвомпомоћних активних сервиса (онлајн енциклопедија, речника, ....) инизом могућности брзог и једноставног проширивања претраживањатражених информација на Интернету.Сајт библиотеке редовно се ажурира тако да пружа корисницимаинформације о фонду, е-фондовима, репозиторијумима, дигиталнимбиблиотекама и свакодневним активностима Уметничког центра.Библиотека oд априла 2011. сваке среде, организује једночасовну обу-ку корисника. Циљ обуке је упознавање са услугама Библиотеке и самогућностима претраживања доступних извора информација.Већ сада је наша највећа сатисфакција захвалност корисника, јер је радса њима углавном креативан и успешан на обострано задовољство.
РЕОРГАНИЗАЦИЈА ФОНДА СТАРЕ, РЕТКЕ И МИНИЈАТУРНЕ КЊИГЕ НАРОДНЕ БИБЛИОТЕКЕ СРБИЈЕ У СВЕТЛУ ЗАКОНА О СТАРОЈ И РЕТКОЈ БИБЛИОТЕЧКОЈ ГРАЂИ
Authors: Вукићевић Дејан
Published: November 2016

Рад се бави Фондом старе, ретке и минијатурне књигеНародне библиотеке Србије, односно његовом старом концепцијом иисторијатом догађаја који су довели до креирања и усвајања новеконцепције. Тумаче се Критеријуми за стару, ретку и минијатурнукњигу који су инкорпорирани у актуелни српски Закон о старој иреткој библиотечкој грађи. Циљ је да се три збирке у Народној биб-лиотеци Србије ближе представе широј јавности, посебно у контекстузаштите културних добара, те да се нагласи потреба за стандардизо-вањем критеријума за ову врсту грађе која се врло често опире јасни-јем дефинисању.
ДИГИТАЛИЗАЦИЈА И НОВЕ БИБЛИОТЕЧКЕ УСЛУГЕ
Authors: Петрић Драгана
Published: November 2016

Рачунарско доба није више будућност, већ наша реалност.Библиотека савременог доба мора да се мења, како би одговорила насве израженије и комплексније информационо-комуникационе и науч-но истраживачке потребе својих корисника, како би се прилагодилетехнолошким и едукативним захтевима информационог друштва, којеје истовремено и друштво учења и друштво знања. Коришћење грађе усвим форматима, све више путем интернета важан је део свакодневни-це, слободног времена и образовања већине данашњих корисника, пресвега млађе популације. Заинтересованост за дигитализацију грађебиблиотека је велико, а то није ни брз, ни краткотрајан ни јефтинпосао.У складу са оригиналношћу фонда, његовим карактеристикама, потре-бама корисника, а у циљу заштите грађе, слободнијег приступаинформацијама, промоције и презентације локалне културне баштинекоја подстиче на "разноликост", дигитализују се завичајне збирке.Библиотеке саме праве избор својих завичајних материјала: књигапериодике, некњижне грађе (најчешће разгледница, фотографија, пла-кат...). Некима је приоритет периодика која је у лошем стању или јејако тражена или пак примерци старе и ретке књиге. Свима је привла-чно да понуде своје материјале, нарочито виртуелним корисницимакоји нису физички везани за библиотеку.Рад има за циљ да покаже како се дигитални садржај може креативнопроизводити, употребљавати, размењивати и поново користити на раз-не начине. У свему томе битан је избор софтвера и хардвера те ћемоуказати на предности и недостатке одређених решења.Дигитализацијом настаје мултифункционална библиотека, чиме сеостварује тежња ка непрестаном и неограниченом приступу и дељењубаштине, чувању, комплетирању фондова, промовисању читања исамообразовању.
Cardiac sodium channel, its mutations and their spectrum of arrhythmia phenotypes
Authors: Pérez-Riera Andrés Ricardo , Raimundo Rodrigo Daminello , Watanabe Rodrigo Akira , Figueiredo José Luiz , Abreu Luiz Carlos de
Published: November 2016

The mechanisms of cellular excitability and propagation of electrical signals in the cardiac muscle are very important functionally and pathologically. The heart is constituted by three types of muscle: atrial, ventricular, and specialized excitatory and conducting fi bers. From a physiological and pathophysiological point of view, the conformational states of the sodium channel during heart function constitute a signifi cant aspect for the diagnosis and treatment of heart diseases. Functional states of the sodium channel (closed, open, and inactivated) and their structure help to understand the cardiac regulation processes. There are areas in the cardiac muscle with anatomical and functional differentiation that present automatism, thus subjecting the rest of the fi bers to their own rhythm. The rate of these (pacemaker) areas could be altered by modifi cations in ions, temperature and especially, the autonomic system. Excitability is a property of the myocardium to react when stimulated. Another electrical property is conductivity, which is characterized by a conduction and activation process, where the action potential, by the all-or-nothing law, travels throughout the heart. Heart relaxation also stands out as an active process, dependent on the energetic output and on specificion and enzymatic actions, with the role of sodium channel being outstanding in the functional process. In the gene mutation aspects that encode the rapid sodium channel (SCN5A gene), this channel is responsible for several phenotypes, such as Brugada syndrome, idiopathic ventricular fibrillation, dilated cardiomyopathy, early repolarization syndrome, familial atrial fibrillation, variant 3 of long QT syndrome, multifocal ectopic ventricular contractions originating in Purkinje arborizations, progressive cardiac conduction defect (Lenègre disease), sudden infant death syndrome, sick sinus syndrome, sudden unexplained nocturnal death syndrome, among other sodium channel alterations with clinical overlapping. Finally, it seems appropriate to consider the “sodium channel syndrome” (mutations in the gene of the α subunit of the sodium channel, SCN5A gene) as a single clinical entity that may manifest in a wide range of phenotypes, to thus have a better insight on these cardiac syndromes and potential outcomes for their clinical treatment.
Prevalence of psychomotor retardation and its relation to the sensory profi le in preschool children
Authors: Delgado Laura , Montes Rebeca , Prieto José Antonio
Published: November 2016

The psychological and motor development of typically developing preschool children is usually not tracked in the educational environment. The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence of psychomotor retardation and the relationship between psychomotor development and sensory integration processes. The sample included 66 children from preschool, with a mean age of 4.2 years. It applied the Observational Scale of Development in its short version (EOD-B as its Spanish original term) and the Sensory Pro file (SP). The ANOVA revealed a strong association between the presence of psychomotor and sensory processing disorders (p = 0.001). In addition, the data revealed a high prevalence of regulatory disorders in the sensory pro fi le (30%) and psychomotor retardation (20%). The results open new lines of research and intervention in psychomotor development within the educational environment.
Overweight and obesity of children in a brazilian elementary school: a comparison of three references
Authors: Melo Marcella Evangelista , Miguéis Giovanna Lima , Almeida Mikaela Silva , Dalamaria Tatiane , Pinto Wagner De Jesus , Cunha Margarida De Aquino , Farias Edson Dos Santos , Bezerra Ítalla Maria Pinheiro , Souza Orivaldo Florencio de
Published: November 2016

Introduction: In the diagnosis of overweight and obesity based on body mass index in children and adolescents, several national and international anthropometric references are recommended. However, there is a divergence in the estimated prevalence of overweight and obesity among the references. Objective: To identify the prevalence of overweight and obesity and to analyse the magnitude of agreement among the three references. Methods: A cross-sectional study with 975 students from the early grades of elementary school. The prevalence of overweight and obesity were estimated according to the criteria of the World Health Organization (WHO), the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) and Conde and Monteiro. The Kappa weighted index was calculated to assess the agreement magnitude among the three references. Results: The highest prevalence of overweight and obesity was estimated by the Conde and Monteiro and WHO references, respectively. Overall, the IOTF revealed lower a magnitude of prevalence than the two other references. The agreement among the references identified by the Kappa index had a range of 0.66 to 0.94. Conclusion: Despite the satisfactory agreement among the three references, this research highlighted the differing magnitudes of the prevalence of overweight and obesity. This fact limits the ability to make comparisons among populations and impairs the development of overweight and obesity prevention actions.
Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment for Somatic Dysfunction After Acute Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: McCallister Adrienne , Brown Christopher , Smith Michael , Ettlinger Hugh , Baltazar Gerard A.
Published: November 2016

Somatic dysfunction caused by traumatic brain injury (TBI) may be managed by osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT). In this case report, the authors describe 2 patients with severe TBI who were each treated with OMT in a level-1 regional trauma center. Both patients received OMT beginning in the acute care phase of injury. Somatic dysfunction improved during the course of treatment, and no adverse effects of OMT were noted. More comprehensive research may clarify the efficacy and adverse effects of OMT as part of multimodal acute care of patients with severe TBI.
Suppression of endurance degradation by applying constant voltage stress in one-transistor and one-resistor resistive random access memory
Authors: Su Yu-Ting , Chang Ting-Chang , Tsai Tsung-Ming , Chang Kuan-Chang , Chu Tian-Jian , Chen Hsin-Lu , Chen Min-Chen , Yang Chih-Cheng , Huang Hui-Chun , Lo Ikai , Zheng Jin-Cheng , Sze Simon M.
Published: November 2016

In this letter we demonstrate an operation method that effectively suppresses endurance degradation. After many operations, the off-state of resistance random access memory (RRAM) degrades. This degradation is caused by reduction of active oxygen ions participating in the set process, as determined by current fitting of current–voltage (I–V) curves obtained from the endurance test between the interval of seventy to one hundred million operations. To address this problem, we propose the application of constant voltage stress after every five million operations during the endurance test. The experimental result shows that this method can maintain oxygen ions at the proper depth in the electrode and improve RRAM reliability.
Thermoelectric and electrical properties of micro-quantity Sn-doped amorphous indium–zinc oxide thin films
Authors: Byeon Jayoung , Kim Seohan , Lim Jae-Hong , Song Jae Yong , Park Sun Hwa , Song Pungkeun
Published: November 2016

To realize high thermoelectric performance, it was tried to control both high electrical conductivity (σ) and low thermal conductivity (K) for the Sn-doped indium–zinc oxide films prepared by DC magnetron sputtering. The highest power factor was obtained post-annealed at 200 °C due to the highest σ. However, the highest figure of merit was obtained annealed at 500 °C. It could be attributed to both amorphous structure with low K by phonon and the highest Hall mobility. Thermoelectric and electrical properties of the film could be controlled by both heat treatment and Sn doping with high bond enthalpy.
Lärares uppfattningar om betydelsen av estetiska uttrycksformer i svenskämnet.
Authors: Dahlbäck Katharina
Published: November 2016

Studiens syfte är att diskutera lärares uppfattningar om estetiska uttrycksformer i svenskämnet. De sätt på vilka svenskämnet konstrueras och rekonstrueras genom styrdokument, ämnestraditioner, lärarutbildning, skolkontext och lärares uppfattningar påverkar vilket svenskämne barn möter i skolan. Associationsintervjuer med utgångspunkt i åtta nyckelord genomfördes med sex lärare som undervisar elever som är 7-9 år gamla, i årskurs ett till tre.  Intervjuerna analyserades med kritisk diskursanalys. Studien visar en variation av undervisningspraktiker där några informanter framställer svenskämnet som ett färdighetsämne. Andra lärare beskriver ett erfarenhetsbaserat multimodalt svenskämne där estetiska uttrycksformer har legitimitet som didaktiska verktyg. Estetiska uttrycksformer ses av dessa lärare som vägar in i skriftspråket, de kompenserar för olikheter och skapar gemenskap. I studien framkommer hur estetiska uttrycksformer tilldelas både intrinsikala och instrumentella värden.
Black Gold: Broadband, High Absorption of Visible Light for Photochemical Systems
Authors: Ng Charlene , Yap Lim Wei , Roberts Ann , Cheng Wenlong , Gómez Daniel E.
Published: November 2016

Here, a black Au surface is presented: a material solely composed of Au that is capable of absorbing more than 92% of the incident light over a spectral region ranging from 300 to 600 nm and that can maintain a high absorbance (above 70%) for wavelengths up to 800 nm. The black Au surface is fabricated by a simple and scalable template‐assisted physical vapor deposition technique and possesses the flexibility of adhering to any arbitrary substrate. The high absorbance of Au originates from the close packing of high aspect ratio Au nanotubes possessing a random tapered wall thickness. Fabry–Perot resonances of gap‐plasmon modes between the Au nanotubes are also responsible for the strong suppression of reflectance of black Au as demonstrated by finite element method simulations. Furthermore, the ability of this surface to drive photochemical transformations under visible light illumination is demonstrated. Hence, black Au could provide a new paradigm for the use of highly absorbing metal nanostructures to effectively harvest the entire visible spectrum for photorelated applications such as solar fuel production, photodetection, and photovoltaics.
Electrically Rechargeable Zinc–Air Batteries: Progress, Challenges, and Perspectives
Authors: Fu Jing , Cano Zachary Paul , Park Moon Gyu , Yu Aiping , Fowler Michael , Chen Zhongwei
Published: November 2016

Zinc–air batteries have attracted much attention and received revived research efforts recently due to their high energy density, which makes them a promising candidate for emerging mobile and electronic applications. Besides their high energy density, they also demonstrate other desirable characteristics, such as abundant raw materials, environmental friendliness, safety, and low cost. Here, the reaction mechanism of electrically rechargeable zinc–air batteries is discussed, different battery configurations are compared, and an in depth discussion is offered of the major issues that affect individual cellular components, along with respective strategies to alleviate these issues to enhance battery performance. Additionally, a section dedicated to battery‐testing techniques and corresponding recommendations for best practices are included. Finally, a general perspective on the current limitations, recent application‐targeted developments, and recommended future research directions to prolong the lifespan of electrically rechargeable zinc–air batteries is provided.
Coherent and Polarized Random Laser Emissions from Colloidal CdSe/ZnS Quantum Dots Plasmonically Coupled to Ellipsoidal Ag Nanoparticles
Authors: Yao Yung‐Chi , Yang Zu‐Po , Hwang Jung‐Min , Su Hai‐Ching , Haung Jing‐Yu , Lin Tzu‐Neng , Shen Ji‐Lin , Lee Min‐Hung , Tsai Meng‐Tsan , Lee Ya‐Ju
Published: November 2016

This study demonstrates the capability of controlling optical anisotropy of lasing emissions by manipulating the coupling strength spatially and spectrally between the oscillated electric field of emitted light and the localized surface plasmon (LSP) resonance for a random lasing medium composed of colloidal CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) and ellipsoidal silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs). Distinctive from the amplified spontaneous emission generally observed on colloidal CdSe/ZnS QDs, it has been found that lasing emissions of the revealed system exhibit clear interference features (coherent optical feedbacks) with low‐threshold characteristics, mainly attributed to enhanced light scatterings and optical gains arisen in peripheral surfaces of ellipsoidal Ag NPs. Importantly, the relative orientation, between the oscillated electric field of emitted light from colloidal CdSe/ZnS QDs and the ellipse axis of Ag NPs, plays a critical role in selective excitation of LSP resonances leading to laser emissions with preferential optical polarizations. The achievement of spatial and spectral coupling of LSP resonance with colloidal QDs, respectively, by spin coating thin QDs film on Ag NPs and control of the Ag NP geometry makes the present system one of the promising candidates of colloidal QDs‐based random lasers to achieve coherent and polarized lasing emissions.
Superacid‐Catalyzed Trifluoromethylthiolation of Aromatic Amines
Authors: Bonazaba Milandou Longin Justin Clair , Carreyre Hélène , Alazet Sébastien , Greco Gino , Martin‐Mingot Agnès , Nkounkou Loumpangou Célestine , Ouamba Jean‐Maurille , Bouazza Fodil , Billard Thierry , Thibaudeau Sébastien
Published: November 2016

Upon activation under superacid conditions, functionalized tailor‐made N‐SCF3 sulfenamides served as reagents for the trifluoromethylthiolation of aromatic amines. This method has a broad substrate scope and can be used for the late‐stage functionalization of complex molecules such as alkaloids or steroids. Mechanistic studies based on in situ low‐temperature NMR spectroscopy revealed the involvement of dicationic superelectrophilic intermediates.
Switchable Surface Hydrophobicity–Hydrophilicity of a Metal–Organic Framework
Authors: Rodríguez‐Hermida Sabina , Tsang Min Ying , Vignatti Claudia , Stylianou Kyriakos C. , Guillerm Vincent , Pérez‐Carvajal Javier , Teixidor Francesc , Viñas Clara , Choquesillo‐Lazarte Duane , Verdugo‐Escamilla Cristóbal , Peral Inmaculada , Juanhuix Jordi , Verdaguer Albert , Imaz Inhar , Maspoch Daniel , Giner Planas José
Published: November 2016

Materials with surfaces that can be switched from high/superhydrophobicity to superhydrophilicity are useful for myriad applications. Herein, we report a metal–organic framework (MOF) assembled from ZnII ions, 1,4‐benzenedicarboxylate, and a hydrophobic carborane‐based linker. The MOF crystal‐surface can be switched between hydrophobic and superhydrophilic through a chemical treatment to remove some of the building blocks.
Preparation of superhydrophobic nanocomposite fiber membranes by electrospinning poly(vinylidene fluoride)/silane coupling agent modified SiO2 nanoparticles
Authors: Sun Haixiang , Xu Yanyan , Zhou Yingying , Gao Wen , Zhao Haoru , Wang Wenguang
Published: November 2016

Superhydrophobic nanocomposite fiber membranes were prepared by blend electrospinning of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) mixed with silane coupling agent modified SiO2 nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were prepared by the sol–gel method, and the average particle diameter was measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The effects of the type of silane coupling agent, such as n‐octyltriethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane (A‐171), and vinyltriethoxysilane (A‐151), and the mass ratio of the modified silica particles and PVDF on the surface wettability of the composite fiber membrane were investigated. The results indicated that the incorporation of silane coupling agent modified silica particles into the PVDF membrane increased the roughness of the surface and formed micro/nano dual‐scale structure compared to the pristine PVDF membrane, which was responsible for the superhydrophobicity and self‐cleaning property of the nanocomposite fiber membranes. The value of water contact angle (CA) increased with the increase of the content of modified SiO2 nanoparticles in the nanocomposite membrane, ranging from 149.8° to 160.1° as the mass ratio of modified 170 nm SiO2 with PVDF matrix increased from 0.5:1 to 5:1, indicating the membrane possesses a superhydrophobic surface. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44501.
Reassessing Surface Artefact Scatters. The Integration of Artefact‐Accurate Fieldwalking with Geophysical Data at Medieval Harbour Sites Near Bruges (Belgium)
Authors: Trachet Jan , Delefortrie Samuël , Van Meirvenne Marc , Hillewaert Bieke , De Clercq Wim
Published: November 2016

Archaeological fieldwalking is particularly used to detect sites within a landscape, rather than to assess the internal structure of a site itself. Contributory to this trend is that surface artefact patterns collected by pedestrian field survey are rarely seen as valuable archaeological data for intra‐site research. In recent decades, they have been overtaken by other non‐invasive prospection methods, which seem to be more efficient and time‐effective. This paper aims to reassess fieldwalking as a valuable intra‐site prospection method and explores its added value when used in a multidisciplinary framework. The medieval lost harbour site of Monnikerede near Bruges (Belgium) is used as a first test‐case. The site was subjected to a grid survey in 1985 and recently acted as the location for an intensive artefact‐accurate fieldwalking survey as well as an extensive geophysical survey. Comparing the recent global navigation satellite system (GNSS)‐underpinned fieldwalking survey results with a 10 m × 10 m grid survey from 1985, demonstrates the gain in knowledge and detail using the former method. The combination of both fieldwalking and geophysics showed both significant positive and negative relations between surface artefact scatters and subsurface anomalies, hence pointing to the complementary nature and added value of the methods being jointly applied. In addition, the combination of both techniques was tested on a second lost harbour site near Hoeke, to further evaluate the potential of the applied methodology. The results demonstrate that, although the sites have been heavily ploughed for decades, the lateral displacement of artefacts is limited and confined to the original medieval allotment. Finally the integration of surface artefacts with geophysical anomalies enabled to enhance the spatio‐temporal interpretation of both sites. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
“To Twist or Not to Twist”: Figure‐of‐Eight and Planar Structures of Octaphyrins
Authors: Shivran Neelam , Gadekar Santosh C. , Anand Venkataramanarao G.
Published: November 2016

Amongst the various porphyrinoids, octaphyrin has attracted significant attention owing to its diverse syntheses, conformations, and metal‐ligation properties. Octaphyrin is a higher homologue of porphyrin and is formed by linking together heterocycles such as pyrrole, furan, thiophene, and selenophene through α‐α or α‐meso carbon bonds. The planar conformation is mainly achieved through inversion of the heterocyclic units from the center of macrocycle; avoiding meso‐bridges; introducing a para‐quinodimethane bridge; employing a neo‐confusion approach; protonation; and by generating dianionic species. In this Focus Review, recent synthetic advancements in the field of octaphyrins are summarized. The twisted conformation of the octaphyrin binds to two metal ions in a tetracoordinate geometry. The diphosphorus complex of octaphyrin represents the first example of a stable expanded isophlorin.
ICD‐10–based expanded code set for use in cleft lip/palate research and surveillance
Authors: Allori Alexander C. , Cragan Janet D. , Cassell Cynthia H. , Marcus Jeffrey R.
Published: November 2016

Background

On October 1, 2015, the United States required use of the Clinical Modification of the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD‐10‐CM) for diagnostic coding. The ICD‐10‐CM code set is limited to gross categories for cleft lip and/or cleft palate (using only four of a possible seven characters).

Methods

Herein, a clinically useful expansion of the ICD‐10‐CM code set is proposed to improve the diagnostic accuracy necessary for individual clinical, research, and statistical projects that require it. (This is similar to how the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/British Pædiatric Association Code served to extend the ICD‐9 code base.)

Results

Our proposed expansion does not replace the required use of ICD‐10‐CM for clinical, administrative, or financial transactions. Rather, it is offered as an optional set of cleft codes that could be used in parallel to document true classification‐level data with phenotypic accuracy.

Conclusion

The expanded set is “collapsible” into the official ICD‐10‐CM codes; this improves compatibility of the expanded codes that would be contained in research and epidemiologic databases with the standard codes from hospital electronic medical record systems and administrative billing data. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 106:905–914, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Geographic distribution of live births with tetralogy of Fallot in North Carolina 2003 to 2012
Authors: Nelson Jennifer S. , Stebbins Rebecca C. , Strassle Paula D. , Meyer Robert E.
Published: November 2016

Background

Geographic variation in congenital heart disease is not well‐described. This study uses geographic information systems (GIS) to describe the spatial epidemiology of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), in North Carolina (NC) and to compare travel time for cases to congenital heart centers in NC.

Methods

Using the NC Birth Defects Monitoring Program database, live births with TOF born between 2003 and 2012 were identified. Birth certificates provided demographic variables. A denominator of live births/zip code was obtained from the NC live births database. ArcGIS® software was used to illustrate TOF prevalence by zip code, and SatScanTM was used to identify spatial clusters of TOF cases and to identify changes in cluster location over time. Driving time to each of five NC congenital heart centers was predicted based on road systems information.

Results

A total of 496 infants were born with TOF between 2003 and 2012. The prevalence was 4.2/10,000 live births. A large cluster (330 zip codes, 306 cases) was identified in northeastern NC. Average driving time for each case to closest congenital heart center was: University of North Carolina 37 min, Vident Medical Center 64 min, Duke University 58 min, Carolina's Medical Center 89 min, and Wake Forest Baptist Health 57 min. Overall, average predicted driving time to the nearest congenital heart center was 61 min.

Conclusion

Approximately 50 infants/year were born with TOF in NC. One cluster was identified. Further study is necessary to explore potential explanations for the observed case cluster. As interest in regionalization of congenital heart surgery grows, GIS and spatial analysis can become increasingly useful tools for health care planning. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 106:881–887, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Association between antibiotic use among pregnant women with urinary tract infections in the first trimester and birth defects, National Birth Defects Prevention Study 1997 to 2011
Authors: Ailes Elizabeth C. , Gilboa Suzanne M. , Gill Simerpal K. , Broussard Cheryl S. , Crider Krista S. , Berry Robert J. , Carter Tonia C. , Hobbs Charlotte A. , Interrante Julia D. , Reefhuis Jennita ,   and The National Birth Defects Prevention Study
Published: November 2016

Background

Previous studies noted associations between birth defects and some antibiotics (e.g., nitrofurantoin, sulfonamides) but not others (e.g., penicillins). It is unclear if previous findings were due to antibiotic use, infections, or chance. To control for potential confounding by indication, we examined associations between antibiotic use and birth defects, among women reporting urinary tract infections (UTIs).

Methods

The National Birth Defects Prevention Study is a multi‐site, population‐based case‐control study. Case infants/fetuses have any of over 30 major birth defects and controls are live‐born infants without major birth defects. We analyzed pregnancies from 1997 to 2011 to estimate the association between maternally reported periconceptional (month before conception through the third month of pregnancy) use of nitrofurantoin, trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole, or cephalosporins and specific birth defects, among women with periconceptional UTIs. Women with periconceptional UTIs who reported penicillin use served as the comparator.

Results

Periconceptional UTIs were reported by 7.8% (2029/26,068) of case and 6.7% (686/10,198) of control mothers. Most (68.2% of case, 66.6% of control mothers) also reported antibiotic use. Among 608 case and 231 control mothers reporting at least one periconceptional UTI and certain antibiotic use, compared with penicillin, nitrofurantoin use was associated with oral clefts in the offspring (adjusted odds ratio, 1.97 [95% confidence interval, 1.10–3.53]), trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole use with esophageal atresia (5.31 [1.39–20.24]) and diaphragmatic hernia (5.09 [1.20–21.69]), and cephalosporin use with anorectal atresia/stenosis (5.01 [1.34–18.76]).

Conclusion

Periconceptional exposure to some antibiotics might increase the risk for certain birth defects. However, because individual birth defects are rare, absolute risks should drive treatment decisions.Birth Defects Research (Part A) 106:940–949, 2016.© 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evaluation of the Western Australian Register of Developmental Anomalies: Thirty‐five years of surveillance
Authors: Nembhard Wendy N. , Bower Carol
Published: November 2016

Background

The birth defects component of the Western Australian Register for Developmental Anomalies (WARDA‐BD) was evaluated to assess its efficiency, effectiveness, and data quality.

Methods

WARDA‐BD was evaluated using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Guidelines for Evaluating Public Health Surveillance Systems and Data Quality Standards from the National Birth Defects Prevention Network. The evaluation included interviews with Register staff, local community organizations, parents, clinicians, and researchers; process observation; and secondary data analyses.

Results

WARDA‐BD is a statutory, statewide, population‐based surveillance system established in 1980 that monitors approximately 30,000 births annually. Identification of eligible cases is for children up to age 6 years through active and passive ascertainment methods from multiple sources including birth, death, and hospitalization data; antenatal ultrasonography; hospital unit logs; medical records; fetal medicine departments; cytogenetic laboratories; specialty clinics; and pediatric surgery and pathology departments. Defect diagnoses are verified and coded using the 5‐digit British Paediatric Association extension of the International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision system. Register staff monitor Register data for completeness and accuracy resulting in high quality data with a low percentage of missing items.

Conclusion

Strengths of WARDA‐BD include high data quality, timeliness, representativeness, stable funding, active community engagement, and high staff retention. Its data were used in numerous epidemiologic investigations resulting in >325 peer‐reviewed publications. Potential weaknesses include the limited number of variables collected and low visibility. Although WARDA‐BD uses labor intensive case ascertainment and quality assurance and control processes, the Register provides accurate and essential data for stakeholders. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 106:894–904, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Using state and provincial surveillance programs to reduce risk of recurrence of neural tube defects in the United States and Canada: A missed opportunity?
Authors: Flood Timothy J. , Rienks Chelsea M. , Flores Alina L. , Mai Cara T. , Frohnert Barbara K. , Rutkowski Rachel E. , Evans Jane A. , Kirby Russell S.
Published: November 2016

Background

Once a woman has had a fetus or infant affected with a neural tube defect (NTD), the risk of recurrence is approximately 3%. This risk can be significantly reduced by folic acid supplement consumption during the periconceptional period; however, this requires women at risk to be adequately informed about the appropriate dosage and timing of supplement intake before planning another pregnancy. As birth defects surveillance programs are tasked with identifying and documenting NTD‐affected pregnancies and births, they are in a unique position to support recurrence prevention activities.

Methods

In 2015, we surveyed state and provincial birth defects surveillance programs to assess their NTD recurrence prevention activities. The online survey was sent to programs in 52 United States (U.S.) jurisdictions and all 13 provinces and territories in Canada. Findings were compared with a similar survey conducted in 2005 among U.S. programs.

Results

In 2015, of the 44 U.S. and Canadian surveillance programs that responded, only 9 programs (7 U.S. and 2 Canadian) reported currently having activities specifically directed toward preventing NTD recurrence. Compared with a 2005 survey of U.S. programs, the number of U.S. programs working on NTD recurrence prevention decreased by almost 50% (from 13 to 7 programs).

Conclusion

The number of birth defects surveillance programs with NTD recurrence prevention activities has decreased over the past decade due to a range of barriers, most notably a lack of resources. However, while some recurrence prevention activities require part‐time staff, other activities could be accomplished using minimal resources. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 106:875–880, 2016.© 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Population‐based microcephaly surveillance in the United States, 2009 to 2013: An analysis of potential sources of variation
Authors: Cragan Janet D. , Isenburg Jennifer L. , Parker Samantha E. , Alverson C.J. , Meyer Robert E. , Stallings Erin B. , Kirby Russell S. , Lupo Philip J. , Liu Jennifer S. , Seagroves Amanda , Ethen Mary K. , Cho Sook Ja , Evans MaryAnn , Liberman Rebecca F. , Fornoff Jane , Browne Marilyn L. , Rutkowski Rachel E. , Nance Amy E. , Anderka Marlene , Fox Deborah J. , Steele Amy , Copeland Glenn , Romitti Paul A. , Mai Cara T. ,   for the National Birth Defects Prevention Network
Published: November 2016

Background

Congenital microcephaly has been linked to maternal Zika virus infection. However, ascertaining infants diagnosed with microcephaly can be challenging.

Methods

Thirty birth defects surveillance programs provided data on infants diagnosed with microcephaly born 2009 to 2013. The pooled prevalence of microcephaly per 10,000 live births was estimated overall and by maternal/infant characteristics. Variation in prevalence was examined across case finding methods. Nine programs provided data on head circumference and conditions potentially contributing to microcephaly.

Results

The pooled prevalence of microcephaly was 8.7 per 10,000 live births. Median prevalence (per 10,000 live births) was similar among programs using active (6.7) and passive (6.6) methods; the interdecile range of prevalence estimates was wider among programs using passive methods for all race/ethnicity categories except Hispanic. Prevalence (per 10,000 live births) was lowest among non‐Hispanic Whites (6.5) and highest among non‐Hispanic Blacks and Hispanics (11.2 and 11.9, respectively); estimates followed a U‐shaped distribution by maternal age with the highest prevalence among mothers <20 years (11.5) and ≥40 years (13.2). For gestational age and birth weight, the highest prevalence was among infants <32 weeks gestation and infants <1500 gm. Case definitions varied; 41.8% of cases had an HC ≥ the 10th percentile for sex and gestational age.

Conclusion

Differences in methods, population distribution of maternal/infant characteristics, and case definitions for microcephaly can contribute to the wide range of observed prevalence estimates across individual birth defects surveillance programs. Addressing these factors in the setting of Zika virus infection can improve the quality of prevalence estimates. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 106:972–982, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A quality assessment of reporting sources for microcephaly in Utah, 2003 to 2013
Authors: Steele Amy , Johnson Jane , Nance Amy , Satterfield Robert , Alverson C.J. , Mai Cara
Published: November 2016

Background

Obtaining accurate microcephaly prevalence is important given the recent association between microcephaly and Zika virus. Assessing the quality of data sources can guide surveillance programs as they focus their data collection efforts. The Utah Birth Defect Network (UBDN) has monitored microcephaly by data sources since 2003. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of reporting sources for microcephaly surveillance.

Methods

All reported cases of microcephaly among Utah mothers from 2003 to 2013 were clinically reviewed and confirmed. The UBDN database was linked to state vital records and hospital discharge data for analysis. Reporting sources were analyzed for positive predictive value and sensitivity.

Results

Of the 477 reported cases of microcephaly, 251 (52.6%) were confirmed as true cases. The UBDN identified 94 additional cases that were reported to the surveillance system as another birth defect, but were ultimately determined to be true microcephaly cases. The prevalence for microcephaly based on the UBDN medical record abstraction and clinical review was 8.2 per 10,000 live births. Data sources varied in the number and accuracy of reporting, but a case was more likely to be a true case if identified from multiple sources than from a single source.

Conclusion

While some reporting sources are more likely to identify possible and true microcephaly cases, maintaining a multiple source methodology allows for more complete case ascertainment. Surveillance programs should conduct periodic assessments of data sources to ensure their systems are capturing all possible birth defects cases. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 106:983–988, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.