bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Successful ART Treatment of Severe Asthenoteratozoospermia with Donor Sperms: A Case Study at Wardha Test Tube Baby Centre, India
Authors: Tayawade Akshay , More Akash
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Approximately about 15%-20% of couples are affected by infertility. By the means of diagnosis and treatment both the partners male and female must be evaluated simultaneously, since male contributes as a factor for infertility in 40-60%. The primary step to diagnose male’s infertility in any case scenario is qualitative semen analysis. Urological evaluation and physical examination of male should be carried out as there are many factors which can affect semen quality. Widely, in assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatment, couples diagnosed with grievous male infertility (Non-Obstructive Azoospermia/OATz syndrome) as well as female patient deprived of male partners eager to have pregnancy are recommended to opt cryo-preserved donor spermatozoa.

Main symptoms and important clinical findings: Qualitative semen analysis showed poor motility (94%-96% Immotility) and morphology (98% abnormality).

The main diagnoses, therapeutic interventions, and outcomes: The couple was diagnosed with male factor infertility (Asthenoteratozoospermia), the couple was counselled and suggested for treatment of Intracytoplasmic Sperm Insemination with self-oocytes and donor sperms and Freeze all strategy for embryo transfer. Wife conceived in first treatment cycle.

Conclusion: Frozen embryo transfer of 03 Grade A day 4 morula was done in March 2020, and patient conceived in 1st cycle. Later in November 2020 couple was blessed with a baby girl.
COVID-19, T Cells, Cytokines and Immunotherapy: Review
Authors: Tarbiah Nesrin I.
Published: July 2021

In December 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel coronavirus (COVID-19), materialized in the city of Wuhan and quickly spread to form a global pandemic. An essential role in the immune system is undertaken by lymphocytes, which defend against bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. Previous study found that very severe COVID-19 patients had suppression of the immune response enabling the virus to spread and cause more damage. This was evident by the changes in their white blood cell and lymphocyte count. Early clinical findings suggest that those suffering from severe COVID-19 have reduced numbers of lymphocytes, monocytes, and other granulocytes. One of the most efficient responses for a variety of viral infections is cellular immune response activation, especially via T cells. Viruses can be eliminated by T cytotoxic (CD8+) (Tc) in the host body, these secrete a variety of molecules, including interferons (IFNs), granzyme, and perforin. T helper (CD4+) (Th) cells help by assisting cytotoxic T cells and B cells to eliminate viral infection. CD8+ and CD4+ work together in a coordinated immune response with other constituents to primarily resolve acute viral infections, and after to produce protection against any reinfection.

Also, COVID-19 causes dramatic changes in cytokine profiles and serological markers. Therefore, the subsets of immune cells and the level of the pro-inflammatory cytokines are crucial evidence to determine the severity of COVID-19. The disease severity has already been proved to be associated with the disruption in the proinflammatory chemokine response, this eventually leads to a cytokine storm and progression of cytokines release syndrome (CRS). This review aimed to demonstrate a full understanding of the alterations to the immune response by determining the T-cell expression and cytokine levels against the pathological processes of COVID-19, which can be a significant step in early treatment and diagnosis of this disease, in reduction of COVID-19 mortality cases, and to emphasize the most recent and current studies to try to identify new immuno-therapeutics for COVID-19.
A Case Study on Ayurveda Management of Shwitra
Authors: Sharma Shallu , Raskar Swapnil
Published: July 2021

Shwitra is a condition characterised by white patches on the body. It's possible that it's linked to Vitiligo in modern science. In Ayurveda, all skin illnesses are classified as Kustha Roga. It is caused by Tridosha vitiation. It is an autoimmune disease that can be linked to other autoimmune diseases such as diabetes mellitus, pernicious anaemia, and Addison disease. Leukoderma affects one percent of the population. For the patient, this sickness becomes a source of social disgrace as well as a financial hardship.

Aim: To Evaluate The Efficacy of Ayurvedic Treatment In Shwitra.

Study Design: Simple Single Arm Study

Place: Parul Ayurved Hospital, Parul University,Limda, Vadodara, Gujarat.

Duration of study: 2 Months

Methodology: Kosthashuddhi With Internal Medication And Rasaaushidhi For External Medication.

Which provides a fresh hope for providing efficient and safe treatment. It was in much better shape than before.
Assessment of Awareness Regarding Heavy Metal Toxicity in School Children
Authors: Gajbhiye D. R. , Wadnerwar N. N.
Published: July 2021

Background: Heavy metal toxicity is increasing rapidly due to the increased use of products containing heavy metals daily life. It can cause acute or chronic toxicity if they used for long term unknowingly especially by the children.

Objectives:

To assess whether the school children have information about products containing heavy metal which are used in daily life and their hazardous effects with the help of structured questionnaire.

To sensitize the school children about the products containing heavy metal which are used in daily life and their hazardous effects.

Methods: Descriptive (cross sectional) observational study was designed among 300 primary and secondary school children. The questionnaires containing fifteen questions each carrying two marks (total 30 marks) about the products containing heavy metal and their hazardous effects on human body were given to students to fill the information and answers to the questions. Next day a sensitization program was conducted which was followed by the same questionnaire. The questionaries were assessed as pre and posttest.

Result: All the students scored zero marks in the pretest. Hence, they were graded in no awareness category. After sensitization, in posttest 155 students (51.6%) scored between 21-30 marks and 144 students scored between 11-20 marks. The score of marks in posttest is highly significant.

Conclusion: Results indicate that there was no awareness in school children about the products containing heavy metal and their hazardous effects on human body. Awareness increased after the sensitization. Hence, to avoid the heavy metal toxicity in school children, it is highly recommended to make them aware regarding sources of heavy metals which are used in daily life and their hazardous effects on body. It can be done through awareness programs to be conducted at schools. It may be achieved by incorporating this point into the syllabus of the school children.
Beneficial Effects of Vestibular Exercise Along with Yoga on Diabetes Mellitus: A Review
Authors: Joice P. P. Sheela , Athira M. S.
Published: July 2021

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is becoming one of the major growing health issues due to an unhealthy lifestyle. DM can be controlled through regular yoga practice. Yoga has a therapeutic effect on DM and other metabolic disorders. Vestibular exercises (VE) are a type of exercise concerned with the stimulation of the vestibular system. Studies show Vestibular stimulation will prevent DM and associated complications. Vestibular exercises are also a part of yoga but it is not using in yoga therapy for DM. The inclusion of Vestibular exercises in diabetic yoga may effective for DM patients. Regular yoga practice can prevent or delay the development of DM by increasing glucose uptake by cells, reducing oxidative stress, improving physical fitness, reducing stress, etc... Vestibular stimulation also reduces the chance of DM by increasing insulin secretion through vagal stimulation and sympathetic inhibition, reducing stress, modulation of autonomic activity, promoting sleep, etc. A combination of Vestibular exercise and Yoga postures may give a combined effect of both. So it is beneficial rather than Vestibular exercise alone or yoga postures alone.
A Case Study on Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Jha Rakesh Kumar , Chandi Dhruba Hari
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Multiple myeloma (MM), also known as plasma cell myeloma and simply myeloma, is a cancer of plasma cells, a type of white blood cell that normally produces antibodies. Often, no symptoms are noticed initially. As it progresses, bone pain, anemia, kidney dysfunction, and infections may occur. Multiple myeloma is a hematologic disease characterized by an increase in plasma cells in the bone marrow and, more commonly, the presence of monoclonal immunoglobulin in the blood and / or urine. It is the second major hematologic attack found to have an annual occurrence with an increase in the United States of nearly 15,000 and approximately 45,000, respectively. The condition is higher with age (age between acquisitions of 67 yr). This case report describes a multiple myeloma patient presented with muscle sclerosis and was suspected of having myotonic dystrophy type 2 and illustrates the aspects of differential diagnosis, the use of laboratory and imaging for diagnosis.

Conclusion: Despite the fact that periodontal illness has a detrimental impact on one's quality of life, those benefits are often ignored. As a consequence, periodontal consultation can be a key component of MM care. Treatment for periodontal disease should begin as soon as possible.
Trends in Cosmeceuticals Based Nanotechnology: Up-to-Date
Authors: Sadhu Piyushkumar , Singh Pooja Hawaldar , Kumari Mamta , Dash Dillip Kumar , Patel Shivkant , Shah Nirmal , Seth Avinash Kumar
Published: July 2021

The American physicist Richard Phillips Fenyman, first proposed the concept of nanotechnology in the year 1959. However, the researcher and professor (Tokyo University of Sciences) who actually coined the term ‘nanotechnology’ was Norio Taniguchi, in 1974. Now, to improve the efficacy of cosmetic and therapeutic applications in this field, the cosmetic industry is significantly embracing nanotechnology. The application of nanotechnology in the field of cosmeceuticals makes cosmetics very effective, providing better protection against UV rays, deeper penetration into the skin, long-lasting effects, higher colour, quality of finish and more. This review critically collects the latest updates regarding the use of nanomaterials for the preparation of cosmetics for pharmaceutical applications. In addition, this review provides a brief overview of almost all nano forms as cosmetic formulations different types, of cosmetics based on nanotechnology and patents.
Protective Role of Phoenix dactylifera Date Palm Pollen against Doxorubicin-Induced Toxicity in the Liver, Kidney, Testis and Biochemical Parameters in Male Rats
Authors: Hassan Sara Faez , Ahmed Muneef Saab , Hameed Aziz Khalid
Published: July 2021

Date palm pollen (DPP) has a prophylactic role, known for its antioxidant effects. For this, the present study was designed to study the protective role of DPP against histological toxicity in hepatic, renal, and testicular tissues, as well as the level of (Total cholesterol, Triglyceride, Total proteins, Albumin, and testosterone hormone) in male white rats. The Iraqi date palm trees (Phoenix dactylifera L.) were selected from Salah Aldeen farms located at Salah Aldeen governorate. Pollen was collected from 20th March to 25th April 2019. This study used 20 male white rats that were distributed to four groups and weights close. All groups were given food and water continuously throughout the experiment, the second group (DPP) was given an orally administered suspension of date palm pollen (60 mg/kg) every day for four weeks, the third group intraperitoneal injections were given (10 mg/kg), and the fourth group (10 mg/kg) were given intraperitoneal injections one time per week and four weeks, in addition to that, orally-administered suspension of DPP (60 mg/kg) was given as well every day for four weeks. The results of the study showed a significant increase (P≤0.05) in the level of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and a significant decrease (P≤0.05) in the level of Total Protein, Albumin, and testosterone hormones, Current results suggest that the protective effect of (DPP) may by its antioxidant properties, and thus reduce the positive effects.
Comparing the Effectiveness of the Treatment with Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Followed By Interval Debulking and Primary Debulking Followed By Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Advanced Stage Malignant Ovarian Tumors: A Rural Based Study
Authors: Pottala Mounika , Jajoo Shubhada S.
Published: July 2021

Background: Advanced epithelial ovarian cancer is also a poorly prognosed condition with elevated death rate The management of advanced ovarian carcinoma is surgical debulking which is followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. Prognosis reflects primarily on the level of cytoreduction obtained in primary surgery. In order to enhance survival, attempts are therefore being made to increase the optimal rates of surgical cytoreduction. NACT has emerged as an important treatment modality. The reasoning behind the NACT protocol is to make advanced untreatable disease operable, increase resection rates of optimal cyto reduction (R0) and promote organ preservation. The application of neo adjuvant chemotherapy will structurally reduce the load of the tumour because of the chemo sensitive nature of the ovarian tissue and enable a greater optimal cytoreduction rate for surgery and an increase in overall survival.

Methods: This observational and retrospective study was conducted from 2018-2020, including 71 patients who visited the oncology clinic of OBGY department at AVBRH. Only those who have already diagnosed as stage III and IV ovarian neoplasms and who received primary debulking surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy along with neo adjuvant chemotherapy followed by interval de-bulking surgery were included to study the better treatment outcome in terms of intra-operative and post-operative complications and over all and survival without progression in these patients with a follow-up of 2 years.

Results: The statistical difference in ooverall survival and progression free survival between primary debulking and NAC / IDS groups was >0.005.But intra operative findings like blood loss, residual disease. Bowel bladder injury, surgery time & post-operative morbidity were less in NAC/IDS group with P value <0.005.

Conclusion: In patients having cytoreducible disease which is non optimal or low performance status, NAC / IDS is also a reasonably secure and may be an alternative method for achieving optimal cytoreduction. Investigations aimed at appropriately selecting patients to be treated with NAC and to search for the proper opportunity to conduct IDS can have much better benefits for patients having advanced EOC. It should be underscored that the study is limited to patients with stage 3c or 4 disease.
Yoga for Pregnant Women-A Practical Approach
Authors: Roy Babita , Asokan V. , Pathan Karishma U. , Sonam . , Manjula K.
Published: July 2021

Pregnancy is a very special time in women’s life and yoga provides the opportunity and tools to optimize the enjoyment of this miraculous period. Nature has given a great responsibility i.e., pregnancy to human body. Many couples become parents without much preparation for this important responsibility. Yoga in pregnancy is multidimensional; physical, mental, emotional and intellectual preparation to answer the challenges faced by a pregnant woman [1]. Yoga requires a mindful coordination of body movement and breath with a focus on self-awareness. The challenges of pregnancy are revealed by the state of happiness and stress while yoga is a skill to calm down the mind and relax the body. Pregnancy in a woman is a condition in which woman changes both from inside as well as outside. maternal prenatal anxiety is negatively associated with prelabour self-efficacy for child-birth and labour pain.
Evolving Trends and Changing Perspectives in ANCA Associated Vasculitis– A Review
Authors: Sahu Monali Rajendrakumar , Wairagade Tanvi Dilip , Wairagade Sonali Dilip , Ambad Ranjit S. , Chandi Dhruba Hari
Published: July 2021

Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) associated vasculitis (AAV) is a group of conditions characterized by inflammation and destruction affecting small to medium vessels accompanied by excess morbidity and mortality. These diseases present as multisystem diseases with variety of signs and symptoms. Earlier AAV were considered fatal diseases, however recent advances have changed them to chronic illnesses associated with morbidity& relapses. This review analyses recent developments in the pathogenesis, treatment and follow up of ANCA associated vasculitis.
Effectiveness of Lifestyle Modification on Reproductive Health among Young Women: An Integrative Review
Authors: Shaji Princey , Singh Maharaj , Sahu Bharti
Published: July 2021

Background: The present review focuses on the effectiveness of lifestyle modification on reproductive health among young women. Obesity causes various physical and psychological health risks in women’s reproductive health and overweight, obesity are increasing and have become an epidemic worldwide.

Objective: This article investigated the outcome of a lifestyle modification package on the reproductive health of young obese and overweight women.

Methods: The literature published in English from 2010 to 2020 was reviewed using PRISMA guidelines. Scientific articles were searched in the electronic data base (Scopus, Medline, Google scholar, and PubMed central) on the lifestyle modification on reproductive health.

Results: After reviewing the literature, it showed that the outcome of lifestyle modification had improved the reproductive health of women in infertile women in many ways.

Conclusion: The review highlights the need for specific interventional studies on reproductive health which can improve the health of young women.
Significance of Immune System to Fight COVID-19 and its Co-relation with Physical Exercise and Nutrition
Authors: Bharti Nisha , Bhatt Neha , Chakole Swarupa
Published: July 2021

The proliferation of covid-19 has caused extensive damage worldwide and brought global movement into a state of complete stagnation. By the year 2019, another type of infection came into the world knowledge that followed its origins in the bats of Wuhan, China. Coronavirus was declared a global epidemic by the World Health Organization and thinks that the Earth  is fighting the inevitable danger posed by humans. As we may be aware that this infection  is a new phenomenon, so no vaccines or drugs are available for treatment and the medication currently being used gives our body time to build up its defenses against COVID-19.  Immune system is a combination of different organs and cells where each person performs   their function in a consistent manner to protect the host from any non-particulate matter for example infections, microbes, growths, parasites, etc. Our body needs a large   variety of micro (such as sugar, protein,fats) add to the synthesis of different types of safe cells. In this article, I have tried to explain the role of the immune system in the fight  against covid-19 virus and how exercise and proper diet can help build strong immune systems.
Alterations in Biochemical Markers of Kidney Function of Thyroid Disorders at Vidharbha Region, India
Authors: Kondhalkar Ankita , Ambad Ranjit , Nagrale Ninad , Bankar Nandkishor
Published: July 2021

Background: The thyroid gland is a major endocrine gland in the body that is located in the front of the neck. Thyroid disorders cause problems on kidney function in a variety of ways. Hyperthyroidism causes an increase in both RBF and GFR. The expression of cardiac beta-adrenergic receptors may be influenced by thyroid hormones. The increased catecholamine sensitivity of beta adrenergic coupled cardiac responses in hyperthyroid patients may be due to the increased number of receptors. ROS may be one of the main causes of kidney failure in thyroid disorders, although this needs to be confirmed in the lab.

Aim: The aim of this research was to look at the effects of thyroid disorders on kidney function and oxidative stress markers, as well as the relationship between them.

Materials and Methods: After visiting Shalinitai Meghe hospital in Nagpur for a health check-up, a total of 350 people were chosen for the research. This was the place where the five groups were held. Subclinical Hypothyroidism: 70 subjects, Overt Hypothyroidism: 70 subjects, Subclinical Hyperthyroidism: 70 subjects, Overt Hyperthyroidism: 70 subjects. There are 70 patients in each household. Specific biochemical methods were used to quantify biochemical parameters such as T3, T4, TSH, Urea, Creatinine, and Cys C. Assay of Superoxide dismutase by Marklund and Marklund method

ResultS: In our work, we discovered a significant positive correlation between serum creatinine and TSH in hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, and a significant negative correlation between serum Cystatin C and TSH in hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. TSH was linked to oxidative stress markers as well. When the oxidative stress markers MDA and SOD were statistically analysed, they were found to be highly associated with markers of kidney function.

Conclusion:When the incidence of chronic kidney disease rises, all instances of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism should be regularly tested for worsening kidney functions, and since the study indicates that oxidative stress plays a role in nephropathy, current thyroid disorders treatment methods should include oxidative stress, which will aid clinicians in better managing kidney dysfunction.
Efficacy of Garbhasanskara for Good Progeny in Present Scenario
Authors: Shamkuwar Sujata K. , Asokan V. , Usha V. N. K. , Shrivas Yogita
Published: July 2021

During intrauterine life, the fetus is completely dependent on the mother. As a result, the health of the fetus directly depends on the health of the mother.Not only maternal nutrition, but maternal psychology, during pregnancy, has a significant effect on the health of the offspring and mother,too.Whatever emotional perceptions a woman has during her pregnancy are transmitted to the fetus. Ayurveda is an ancient science where all the measures are described under the title of Garbhasanskara to geta healthy and well- cultured child.

The word Garbhasanskarais composed of two words ‘Garbha‘and Saskara’.Garbha means the fetus and Sanskara means Parivartana in Guna i.e., change in character. Thus, GarbhaSanskara is basically aimed at providing fundamental care for good physical as well as mental set up of a child. It includes three stages viz pre-conceptional care to get healthy Beeja i.e. sperm and ovum, care during pregnancy for development of the fetus and postnatal care i.e.Balasanskara. The present paper, expresses the concept of Garbhasanskara and its relevance in the present modern era.
Covid and Regional Anaesthesia
Authors: Deshmukh Pratibha , Sable Parag , Deshmukh Priyanka , Chakole Vivek
Published: July 2021

Currently we are at the peak of the second wave of pandemic.  Availability of beds & oxygen is at nadir. The patients coming to us for surgery are the ones where surgery cannot wait. Mainly the load is obstetric. As a matter of COVID pandemic policy we are using regional anaesthesia unless contraindicated or the surgery demands general anaesthesia. The aim is to avoid/reduce aerosolization which is part & parcel of GA, despite the efforts to minimise it. The policy is to protect the anaesthesiologists, surgeons, OT staff & other patients as well. The present manuscript is to review the role of regional anaesthesia & its safe performance.
Rhode Island advocates see opportunity in program sites with safe injection
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: July 2021

Rhode Island has become the first state to adopt a statewide measure authorizing sites where drug users could engage in medically supervised consumption of substances. But whether this proves to become a truly historic development will depend largely on the degree to which proponents of the effort succeed in their mission to establish these locations as comprehensive service sites.
Highly Efficient Low‐Frequency Broadband Sound Absorption with a Composite Hybrid Metasurface
Authors: Liang Qingxuan , Wu Yutao , Lv Peiyao , He Jin , Ma Fuyin , Chen Tianning
Published: July 2021

To date, high‐efficiency low‐frequency broadband noise control remains a great challenge in the scientific and engineering community. Herein, a composite acoustic metasurface is proposed that is composed of gradient hybrid unit structure with a perforated panel, coiled‐up cavities, and a separating plate. By controlling the position of the separating plate, a series of broader multistage sound‐absorbing peaks corresponding to different resonant frequencies can be achieved. A highly efficient low‐frequency broadband sound‐absorbing metasurface by combining the multiple unit structures with different absorbing peaks is realized successfully, possessing an average sound absorption coefficient above 0.94 in the range from 470 to 3130 Hz with a subwavelength thickness of only 89.8 mm. Furthermore, the proposed structure maintains a good mechanical performance with the compression elastic modulus of 375.57 MPa due to the designed honeycomb structures. Compared with the traditional sound‐absorbing materials, the composite hybrid honeycomb metasurface can achieve an excellent absorption performance with a simple and stable structure for practical application of low‐frequency noise control.
A Honeycomb‐Like Bismuth/Manganese Oxide Nanoparticle with Mutual Reinforcement of Internal and External Response for Triple‐Negative Breast Cancer Targeted Therapy
Authors: Xu Xingyi , Zhang Rongyuan , Yang Xianfeng , Lu Yao , Yang Zhongmin , Peng Mingying , Ma Zhijun , Jiao Ju , Li Lihua
Published: July 2021

Triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) exhibits aggressive behavior and high levels of metastasis owing to its complex heterogeneous structure and lack of specific receptors. Here, tumor cell membrane (CM)‐coated bismuth/manganese oxide nanoparticles (NPs) with high indocyanine green (ICG) payload up to 50.6 wt% (mBMNI NPs) for targeted TNBC therapy are constructed. The extra‐high drug load Bi@Bi2O3@MnOx NPs (honey‐comb like structure) are formed by Kirkendall effect and electrostatic attraction. After modified with CM, they can home into tumor sites precisely, where they respond to internal overexpressed glutathione (GSH), releasing Mn2+ for chemodynamic therapy (CDT) with GSH depletion, while H2O2 degrades into O2 enabling relief of tumor hypoxia. In response to external near‐infrared irradiation, mBMNI NPs intelligently generate vigorous heat and single oxygen (1O2) for photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) owing to high load. Importantly, O2 production and GSH consumption during the internal response reinforce external PDT, while the heat generated through PTT during the external response promotes internal CDT. The honeycomb‐like structure with high ICG load and mutual reinforcement between internal and external response results in excellent therapeutic effects against TNBC.
A Magneto‐Heated Ferrimagnetic Sponge for Continuous Recovery of Viscous Crude Oil
Authors: Song Yonghong , Shi Lu‐An , Xing Hanye , Jiang Kun , Ge Jin , Dong Liang , Lu Yang , Yu Shu‐Hong
Published: July 2021

The high viscosity and low fluidity of heavy crude oil hinder its sorption by conventional porous sorbents, so the efficient clean‐up of such heavy crude oil spills is challenging. Recently, Joule heating has been emerging as a new tool to reduce the viscosity of heavy crude oil dramatically. However, this direct‐contact heating approach presents a potential risk due to the high voltage applied. To develop a non‐contact recovery of viscous crude oil, here, a new approach for the fabrication of a series of ferrimagnetic sponges (FMSs) with hydrophobic porous channels is reported, whose surface can be remotely heated to 120 °C within 10 s under an alternating magnetic field (f = 274 kHz, H = 30 kA m−1). Compared with the solar‐driven superficial heating, the integral magnetic heating in FMSs can result in a higher internal temperature of the sponges because of the confinement of thermal transport in the porous channels, which contributes to a dramatic decrease in oil viscosity and a significant increase in oil flow into the pores of FMSs. Furthermore, FMSs assembled with a self‐priming pump can achieve continuous recovery of viscous crude oil (33.05 g h−1 cm−2) via remotely magnetic heating.
Heterogeneous 2D/3D Tin‐Halides Perovskite Solar Cells with Certified Conversion Efficiency Breaking 14%
Authors: Yu Bin‐Bin , Chen Zhenhua , Zhu Yudong , Wang Yiyu , Han Bing , Chen Guocong , Zhang Xusheng , Du Zheng , He Zhubing
Published: July 2021

As the most promising lead‐free one, tin‐halides based perovskite solar cells still suffer from the severe bulk‐defect due to the easy oxidation of tin from divalent to tetravalent. Here, a general and effective strategy is delivered to modulate the microstructure of 2D/3D heterogeneous tin‐perovskite absorber films by substituting FAI with FPEABr in FASnI3. The introduction of 2D phase can induce highly oriented growth of 3D FASnI3 and it is revealed in the optimal 2D/3D film that 2D phase embraces 3D grains and locates at the surfaces and grain boundaries. The FPEA+ based 2D tin‐perovskite capping layer can offer a reducing atmosphere for vulnerable 3D FASnI3 grains. The unique microstructure effectively suppresses the well‐known oxidation from Sn2+ to Sn4+, as well as decreasing defect density, which leads to a remarkable enhanced device performance from 9.38% to 14.81% in conversion efficiency. The certified conversion efficiency of 14.03% announces a new record and moves a remarkable step from the last one (12.4%). Besides of this breakthrough, this work definitely paves a new way to fabricate high‐quality tin‐perovskite absorber film by constructing effective 2D/3D microstructures.
Deployable‐Structure‐Based Artificial Muscles Generating Coded Forces
Authors: Yang Nan , Deng Yong , Niu Xiaodong
Published: July 2021

Here mechanical metamaterials with shape memory alloys (SMA) are assembled to create a new kind of artificial muscle driven by response to temperature changes that generates pulling, pushing, and structurally coded and sequentially coded forces. The deformation and force response of a muscle unit can be geometrically tuned, and different forces are generated with two units arranged in parallel and in series. SMA sheets with different orientations controlling different units of a muscle chain can generate programmable force responses as a mixture of pulling and pushing forces. Combining structural coding with sequential coding, a wide range of force responses can be generated with a single muscle chain. It is shown that the proposed muscles can be applied in an arm‐like mechanism to lift weights and to enable a car to cross a barrier. The principle explored in the work can be used to transform versatile origami‐ and kirigami‐based structures into multifunctional actuators for many applications that can also be based on a variety of materials other than SMA.
Solution‐Processed Dual Gate Ferroelectric–Ferroelectric Organic Polymer Field‐Effect Transistor for the Multibit Nonvolatile Memory
Authors: Boampong Amos Amoako , Cho Jae–Hyeok , Choi Yoonseuk , Kim Min–Hoi
Published: July 2021

The stable multibit storage operation of solution‐processed organic nonvolatile memories (ONVMs) based on ferroelectric field‐effect transistors (FeFETs) for high density data storage devices are demonstrated. The proposed multibit ONVM structure consists of a p‐type polymer semiconductor sandwiched between poly(vinylidene fluoride‐trifluoroethylene) [P(VDF‐TrFE)] layers serving as ferroelectric gate insulators to form a dual gate ferroelectric–ferroelectric memory transistor (DG Fe‐FeMT). With the extra memory space created by the spatially separated ferroelectrics, a 2‐bit memory representation (“11”, “10”, “01” and “00”) with clear memory margins is achieved due to the bistability of each P(VDF‐TrFE) and the high performance of the polymer semiconductor. The distinct four‐level reading of memory output currents (IM,OUTs) results from the independent programming voltages of the dual gates. An excellent distinct six‐levelIM,OUTsare also achieved in DG Fe‐FeMT using the intermediate programming voltages. Finally, the possibility of 3−bit, or 8 memory states, are demonstrated by optimizing the bistability and intermediate polarization states of the ferroelectrics without increasing the device area horizontally. The DG Fe‐FeMT has a great potential for cost−effective flexible nonvolatile multibit data storage devices due to its solution‐process and low annealing temperatures.
Data‐Driven Approaches Toward Smarter Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Tian Chenxi , Li Tianjiao , Bustillos Jenniffer , Bhattacharya Shonak , Turnham Talia , Yeo Jingjie , Moridi Atieh
Published: July 2021

The latest industrial revolution, Industry 4.0, is driven by the emergence of digital manufacturing and, most notably, additive manufacturing (AM) technologies. The simultaneous material and structure forming in AM broadens the material and structural design space. This expanded design space holds a great potential in creating improved engineering materials and products that attract growing interests from both academia and industry. A major aspect of this growing interest is reflected in the increased adaptation of data‐driven tools that accelerate the exploration of the vast design space in AM. Herein, the integration of data‐driven tools in various aspects of AM is reviewed, from materials design in AM (i.e., homogeneous and composite material design) to structure design for AM (i.e., topology optimization). The optimization of AM tool path using machine learning for producing best‐quality AM products with optimal material and structure is also discussed. Finally, the perspectives on the future development of holistically integrated frameworks of AM and data‐driven methods are provided.
Homozygous GLI3 variants observed in three unrelated patients presenting with syndromic polydactyly
Authors: El Mouatani Ahmed , Van Winckel Géraldine , Zaafrane‐Khachnaoui Khaoula , Whalen Sandra , Achaiaa Amale , Kaltenbach Sophie , Superti‐Furga Andrea , Vekemans Michel , Fodstad Heidi , Giuliano Fabienne , Attie‐Bitach Tania
Published: July 2021

Polydactyly is a hallmark of GLI3 pathogenic variants, with Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome and Pallister‐Hall syndrome being the two main associated clinical presentations. Homozygous GLI3 variants are rare instances in the literature, and mendelian dominance is the accepted framework for GLI3‐related diseases. Herein, we report three unrelated probands, presenting with polydactyly, and homozygous variants in the GLI3 gene. First, a 10‐year‐old girl, whose parents were first‐degree cousins, presented with bilateral postaxial polydactyly of the hands, developmental delay and multiple malformations. Second, a male newborn, whose parents were first‐degree cousins, presented with isolated bilateral postaxial polysyndactyly of the hands and the feet. Third, an adult male, whose parents were first‐degree cousins, had bilateral mesoaxial polydactyly of the hands, with severe intellectual disability and multiple malformations. All three probands carried homozygous GLI3 variants. Strikingly, the parents also carried the child's variant, in the heterozygous state, without any clinical sign of GLI3 disease. Given the clinical presentation of our patients, the rarity and predicted high pathogenicity of the variants observed, and the absence of other pathogenic variants, we suggest that these GLI3 homozygous variants are causal. Moreover, the parents were heterozygous for the observed variants, but were clinically unremarkable, suggesting that these variants are hypomorphic alleles.
Decline in gross motor skills in adult Rett syndrome; results from a Danish longitudinal study
Authors: Bisgaard Anne‐Marie , Wong Kingsley , Højfeldt Anne‐Katrine , Larsen Jane Lunding , Schönewolf‐Greulich Bitten , Rønde Gitte , Downs Jenny , Stahlhut Michelle
Published: July 2021

Longevity of individuals with neurodevelopmental diseases as Rett syndrome (RTT) has increased and many reach adulthood and old age. There is therefore a need to increase knowledge about the course of RTT in adults in order to improve medical care management and quality of life. We did a longitudinal study to address if a possible decline in motor skills in adults with RTT can be explained by the presence of common medical conditions as epilepsy, breathing disturbance, and scoliosis. Data from the Danish RTT database, medical files, and videos from visits at the national Center for Rett syndrome were reviewed. The study included 24 individuals aged 30–66 years at last visit after a follow‐up period of 6–12 years. Results showed a clinically observable and significant decline in gross motor skills using the Rett syndrome Gross Motor Scale (RSGMS) with a tendency of less decline in the individuals with the best motor abilities. The frequencies of comorbidities were high. Decline in RSGMS score was associated with the presence of epilepsy and severe scoliosis that had been conservatively managed. The results emphasize that epilepsy plays a significant role in the adult RTT life and management of severe scoliosis in the younger years has impact on the motor abilities in adulthood.
Testing the reliability of CT scan‐based dental wear magnitude scoring
Authors: Godinho Ricardo Miguel , Gonçalves Célia
Published: July 2021

Objectives

Digital models are now frequently used in biological anthropology (bioanthropology) research. Despite several studies validating this type of research, none has examined if the assessment of dental wear magnitude based on Computerized Tomography (CT) scans is reliable. Thus, this study aims to fill this gap and assess if dental wear magnitude scoring based on CT scans provides results consistent with scoring based on direct observation of the physical specimens.

Materials and Methods

Dental wear magnitude from 412 teeth of 35 mandibles originating from the Portuguese Muge and Sado Mesolithic shell‐middens was scored. The mandibles were also CT scanned and visualized using 3D Slicer. CT scan‐based scoring of dental wear magnitude was then undertaken. Two scoring rounds were undertaken for each observation method (totaling four scoring rounds) and an intra‐observer error test was performed. The averaged results of the two observation methods were compared via boxplots with paired cases.

Results

Intra‐observer error was negligible and non‐significant. Scoring results are comparable between the two observation methods. Notwithstanding, some differences were found, in which CT scan assessment generally overestimates dental wear when compared to direct observation.

Discussion

Our results generally validate the use of CT scans in studies of dental wear magnitude. Notwithstanding several caveats relating to CT scanning and visualization limitations should be considered to avoid over or under‐estimation of dental wear.
Functional and phylogenetic variation in anthropoid incisor size
Authors: Scott Jeremiah E.
Published: July 2021

Objectives

Previous studies have shown that frugivorous anthropoids have wider incisors than folivores relative to body mass, and that catarrhines have relatively wider incisors than platyrrhines. This study reexamines these contrasts using mandibular length as a biomechanical standard to quantify relative incisor width.

Materials and Methods

Dental, mandibular, and body‐mass data for 86 anthropoid species were taken from the literature. Incisor width was size‐adjusted using shape ratios, with mandibular length and body mass as the denominators. Dietary and phylogenetic effects were examined using phylogenetic generalized least squares.

Results

Mandible‐based ratios provide a signal that is very similar to the one derived from ratios computed using body mass. Frugivores have relatively wider incisors than folivores, as expected. There is limited support for a stronger dietary effect in platyrrhines when mandible‐based ratios are used, but neither type of ratio indicates an overall difference between platyrrhines and catarrhines.

Discussion

Although both ratios support a link between incisor size and diet, there is some evidence indicating that mandible‐based ratios are more sensitive to dietary variation at smaller phylogenetic scales. Understanding why the signals from the two ratios diverge at such scales may help clarify the functional significance of variation in incisor width. The results of this study undermine the view that platyrrhines, as a group, tend to have narrower incisors than catarrhines, regardless of diet. Instead, the difference between the two clades noted in previous studies can be explained by greater incisor functional diversity in platyrrhines.
A Cyanine‐Mediated Self‐Assembly System for the Construction of a Two‐in‐One Nanodrug
Authors: Wang Haihui , Xiao Han , Zhu Xiaohui , Liu Yongfei , Fu Zhangcheng , Li Chunsen , Lu Chunhua , Yang Huanghao
Published: July 2021

The combination of gene therapy and chemotherapy provides a We developed a simple and versatile approach to prepare a series of two‐in‐one nanodrugs through direct self‐assembly of cyanine‐labeled single‐stranded DNA (Cys‐DNA) and different types of drug molecules. Molecular dynamics simulation showed that the Cys introduced into the DNA could enhance the noncovalent interaction between Cys‐DNA and drug molecules. More drug molecules were incorporated into Cys‐DNA, tending to spontaneously form hybrid Cys‐DNA/drug nanosphere. Such nanospheres serve as both carriers and cargoes, excluding the extra use of nontherapeutic excipients and showing ultrahigh drug loading capacity. Following this approach, an antisense oligonucleotides/doxorubicin nanodrug model was constructed, demonstrating the significant synergistic anti‐tumor therapeutic effect. As a proof of the concept, our study establishes a simple and reproducible two‐in‐one nucleic acid‐based drug formulation.
Successful removal of a trapped epidural catheter facilitated by using a nickel/titanium alloy (nitinol) suture as a guidewire
Authors: He B. , Huang X. , Zhao C. , Zhao G. , Hong Q.
Published: July 2021

Epidural catheters are often used in the provision of surgical anaesthesia and analgesia. These catheters need to be removed after a certain period, but difficulties may be encountered during this process. We present a case of difficult epidural catheter removal in an elderly woman who had undergone surgery for reduction and internal fixation of a comminuted intertrochanteric fracture at the left femur under combined spinal epidural anaesthesia. Anaesthesia was satisfactory during the operation; however, initial attempts to remove the catheter at the end of the procedure was met with significant resistance. Normal saline (5 ml) was injected through the catheter without difficulty, suggesting that the catheter was likely trapped and compressed but not obstructed. A nickel/titanium memory alloy suture was used as a guidewire to remove the catheter without damaging it. This case was analysed subsequently, and the management of future problematic removals is discussed herein. This article aims to raise awareness of, and to explore techniques for managing difficult epidural catheter removal.
Controlled preparation and properties of acrylic acid epoxy‐acrylate composite emulsion for self‐crosslinking coatings
Authors: Zhang Kai , Li Li , Chen Xifang , Lu Chenghang , Ran Jingwen
Published: July 2021

A stable epoxy‐acrylate composite latex was successfully prepared through emulsion polymerization of modified epoxy acrylic (EPAC) oligomer with acrylate monomer. The EPAC oligomer was obtained using active acrylic acid (AA) to react with epoxy resin. And by regulating the reaction degree of the active hydrogen of AA and epoxide group, there is the acquisition of terminal double bond that gives EPAC reactivity, together with the partial retention of the epoxide group that enables self‐crosslinking during film formation. The structural conformation of the oligomer was ascertained by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The factors influencing the stability of the epoxy‐acrylate composite latex were investigated. The epoxy‐acrylate composite latex was the most stable when methyl acrylic acid was 1.5 wt% and modified EPAC oligomer was 15 wt% of the total monomer weight. The morphology and property of the composite latex films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and temperature‐modulated differential scanning calorimetry (TOPEM‐DSC). The results confirm that there is successful emulsion copolymerization between modified EPAC oligomer and acrylate monomer. TEM show that the particles of epoxy‐acrylate composite have a core‐shell structure, and there is no free epoxy resin. The FTIR and TOPEM‐DSC results reveal that the copolymer emulsion possesses self‐crosslinking ability. During film formation, self‐crosslinking reaction occurs between epoxide groups with carboxyl groups, giving exothermal phenomena. The thermal stability as well as the corrosion resistance of the films was analyzed. The results show outstanding thermal stability as well as corrosion resistance attributable to the crosslinking reticulation structure. It is envisaged that the epoxy‐acrylate composite latex has great potential in the development of high‐performance aqueous coatings.
Detection of cholera toxin with surface plasmon field‐enhanced fluorescent spectroscopy
Authors: Seherler Sebnem , Bozdogan Anil , Ozal Ildeniz Tugba Arzu , Kok Fatma Nese , Anac Sakir Ilke
Published: July 2021

In this work, a biosensor based on surface plasmon field‐enhanced florescence spectroscopy (SPFS) method was successfully constructed to detect the truncated form of cholera toxin, that is, its beta subunit (CTX‐B). CTX‐B is a relatively small molecule (12 kDa) and it was chosen as model analyte for the detection of protein toxins originated from waterborne pathogens. Recognition layer was prepared on gold‐coated LaSFN9 glasses modified with 11‐mercaptoundecanoic acid (11‐MUA). Biotin‐conjugated anti‐CTX‐B polyclonal antibody (B‐Ab) was immobilized on streptavidin (SA) layer constructed on the 11‐MUA‐modified surface. CTX‐B amount was determined with direct assay using B‐Ab in surface plasmon resonance (SPR) mode and with sandwich assay in SPFS mode using Cy5‐conjugated anti‐CTX‐B polyclonal antibody. Minimum detected CTX‐B concentrations were 10 and 0.01 μg/ml with SPR and SPFS, respectively, showing the sensitivity of the SPFS system over the conventional one. The detection was done in 2–6 h, which was faster than both culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based methods. Stability tests were performed with SA‐coated sensors (excluding B‐Ab). In this form, the layer was stable after 30 days of storage in phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS; 0.01 M, pH = 7.4) at +4°C. B‐Ab layer was formed immediately on them before each measurement.