bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing drought resistance in warm‐season turfgrasses: Fourteen years of progress through a multistate collaborative project across the southern United States
Authors: Gouveia Beatriz Tome , Kenworthy Kevin E. , Chandra Ambika , Schwartz Brian M. , Zhang Jing , Raymer Paul L. , Wu Yanqi , Pudzianowska Marta , Baird James , Miller Grady L. , Unruh J. Bryan , Wherley Benjamin G. , Martin Dennis L. , Moss Justin Q. , Khanal Sameer , Milla‐Lewis Susana
Published: November 2024

In turfgrass breeding, drought resistance is a primary trait for improvement due to scarcity and reduced quality of water for irrigation. Therefore, in 2010, the turfgrass breeding programs at six public universities joined efforts to address these challenges by cross evaluating breeding lines for the most economically significant warm‐season turfgrass species in the southern United States through a United States Department of Agriculture‐National Institute for Food and Agriculture Specialty Crop Research Initiative funded project. Three breeding cycles were associated with three completed (2010–2014, 2014–2019, and 2019–2024) collaborative grant projects, but the efficiency of this partnership in terms of gains from selection has not been measured. Our objectives were to (1) estimate the expected and realized genetic gain for drought resistance and turfgrass quality for three breeding cycles, (2) compare cultivars developed with support of the projects versus standard cultivars in a historical data analysis, and (3) compare genetic gain for traits assessed visually versus using small unmanned aircraft systems imagery, both in drought and non‐drought environments. For these purposes, historical data were investigated with a retrospective analysis of project trials evaluated 2011–2024. Our findings for the realized genetic gain demonstrated progress in enhancing drought resistance in bermudagrass, St. Augustinegrass, seashore paspalum, and zoysiagrass. In addition, notable positive increments for this trait were documented for each cycle compared to the standard cultivars, particularly in bermudagrass, St. Augustinegrass, and zoysiagrass. While heritability was higher for visually assessed traits, genetic increments were more pronounced for imagery‐assessed traits.
Transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis reveal differentially expressed genes and metabolic pathways in bermudagrass under drought stress
Authors: Seelam Ravi Teja , Jespersen David
Published: November 2024

Drought stress poses a significant challenge to turfgrass growth, particularly in the regions like southern United States, where bermudagrass (Cynodon sp.) is widely used for lawns and sports fields. Drought stress disrupts physiological processes, leading to reduced water availability, impaired photosynthesis, and oxidative stress. To understand the bermudagrass response to drought, we investigated the physiological differences and characterized the gene expression and metabolite profiles in two bermudagrass genotypes, TifTuf and Premier. Physiological measurements showed significant variations in green cover percentage, visual quality, and relative water content between the two genotypes. RNA sequencing revealed extensive gene expression changes, with differentially expressed genes that were upregulated in both genotypes. Gene ontology (GO) analysis highlighted biological processes such as transcription regulation, lipid metabolism, and cellular structure development pathways. KEGG pathway analysis indicated that TifTuf had significant changes in galactose metabolism, carotenoid biosynthesis, and plant hormone signal transduction pathways, while Premier showed enrichment in plant hormone signaling, lipid metabolism, and secondary metabolite biosynthesis pathways. Metabolomic analysis provided insights into metabolic reprogramming due to drought stress. Principal component analysis revealed distinct metabolic patterns between control and drought‐stressed samples, with both genotypes showing substantial alterations. Differential metabolite analysis identified key metabolites associated with stress adaptation, including the phytohormone ABA and various amino acids. This analysis elucidates the intricate physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying drought tolerance in bermudagrass genotypes. These findings enhance the understanding of drought stress adaptation strategies in bermudagrass and offer valuable insights for the development of drought‐tolerant genotypes.
Ni/PiNe Heterogeneous Catalyst from Biomass Waste: Low‐Loading, Ligand‐Free Suzuki‐Miyaura Cross‐Coupling
Authors: Valentini Federica , Chen Shaomin , Brufani Giulia , Gu Yanlong , Vaccaro Luigi
Published: November 2024

An efficient Ni‐based heterogeneous catalyst from pine needles urban waste valorization was designed and developed with a resource recycling strategy. The Ni/PiNe catalyst was fully characterized and tested in the Suzuki‐Miyaura coupling under microwave irradiation. Although Ni is a promising candidate for replacing Pd‐based catalytic systems, it generally requires a high catalyst amount and the exploitation of ligands and additives to enhance the reaction rate. On the contrary, with our new Ni/PiNe, 30 different products were efficiently synthesized with an isolated yield of up to 93 %, using a very low catalyst amount and in the absence of ligands. Furthermore, the Ni/PiNe catalyst also showed good durability for consecutive cycles and an impressive TON value (1140). In addition to the catalytic efficiency in short reaction time and to the stability and durability under MW irradiation, the Ni/PiNe allowed for further optimization, achieving a low E‐factor value (14.0), thus highlighting the potential in further reducing the waste and costs associated to the process.
Systematic Synthesis of DC–DC Converters Based on Loop Matrices
Authors: Zhang Yang , Qiu Dongyuan , Zhang Bo , Chen Yanfeng , Zeng Yangbin
Published: November 2024

Flux balance method and state equation method are representative methods to synthesize DC–DC converters according to given conditions. Both of them include a step to synthesize DC–DC converters from equivalent circuits of different intervals, which is difficult to process by manual synthesis. Considering the equivalent circuits can be transformed into loop matrices, a systematic synthesis method of DC–DC converters based on loop matrices is proposed in this paper. The proposed method transforms volt‐second balance equations or state equations into loop matrix in each switching interval, and then outputs all the corresponding DC‐DC converters. As an example, 11 DC–DC converters with the voltage gain of D2 is synthesized by the proposed method, six of which are firstly proposed. To compare their performances and select the best one, an evaluation index system is constructed, simulations of the converters are carried out to obtain the values of the indices, and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and entropy method are used to evaluate the converters. Prototypes of the best two converters are built, and the experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed synthesis and evaluation method.
The contribution of the CRP/CD64 axis to renal cancer progression by inducing protumor activation of tumor‐associated macrophages
Authors: Pan Cheng , Fujiwara Yukio , Yano Hiromu , Anami Toshiki , Ibe Yuki , Li Lianbo , Miura Yuji , Motoshima Takanobu , Esumi Shigeyuki , Yatsuda Junji , Hibi Taizo , Kamba Tomomi , Komohara Yoshihiro
Published: November 2024

Objectives

C‐reactive protein (CRP) is a well‐known acute‐phase protein that increases remarkably under various inflammatory conditions and is elevated in patients with malignant tumors. In this study, we investigated the influence of CRP on the tumor microenvironment in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC).

Methods

This study explored CRP's role in ccRCC by co‐culturing human macrophages with ccRCC cells and employing antibody blocking, RNA sequencing and in vitro experiments for functional insights. We also analysed The Cancer Genome Atlas Program (TCGA) data to link CD64 expression with ccRCC prognosis and used immunohistochemistry to associate CD64+ macrophages with tumor severity and systemic CRP levels.

Results

A co‐culture study using human macrophages and RCC cell lines showed that CRP‐stimulated macrophages secrete IL‐6, which induces RCC proliferation via STAT3 activation. CRP‐induced protumor activation of macrophages was suppressed by CD64 blocking antibodies. Furthermore, CRP elevates PD‐L1 expression in macrophages via the CD64‐STAT1 signalling pathway. Statistical analysis of TCGA data indicated that increased CD64 expression was associated with a worse clinical course in ccRCC. Immunohistochemical analysis of pathological specimens revealed that high CD64 expression in tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs), and a high density of CD64+ TAMs, was linked to high nuclear grade and stage. High CD64 expression was also correlated with increased serum CRP levels.

Conclusions

The CRP‐CD64 signal was linked to the protumor activation of TAMs and could be a promising target for anticancer immunotherapy in ccRCC.
Autologous Epstein–Barr virus‐specific adoptive T‐cell therapy in a patient with lupus nephritis
Authors: Ranganathan Dwarakanathan , Leibowitz Saskia , John George T , Neller Michelle A , Ambalathingal George R , Beagley Leone , Panikkar Archana , Best Shannon , Raju Jyothy , Reddiex Hilary , Ratanjee Sharad , Ng Monica Suet Ying , Smith Corey , Khanna Rajiv
Published: November 2024

Objectives

Dysregulation of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)‐specific cellular immunity has been hypothesised as one of the contributing factors in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Lupus nephritis is a major risk factor for overall morbidity in SLE. Immune‐based strategies directed to EBV have been proposed as potential therapeutic strategy for SLE and lupus nephritis.

Methods

Autologous EBV latent antigen‐specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were expanded in vitro and adoptively transferred to a lupus nephritis patient.

Results

This adoptive immunotherapy had no immediate adverse effects, and the patient was subsequently treated with the anti‐CD20 antibody, obinutuzumab. The patient showed a reduction in anti‐dsDNA antibodies and improved glomerular filtration rate but remained nephrotic. These observations were coincident with a reduction in anti‐viral and global T‐cell activation.

Conclusion

To our knowledge, this is the first report of the use of EBV‐specific adoptive immunotherapy to treat a patient with lupus nephritis.
Nonlinear Interaction and Modulational Instability of Dust Acoustic Disturbances in a Magnetized Cometary Plasma
Authors: Dutta Debjit , Kolay Debaditya
Published: November 2024

The interplay of dust acoustic waves (DAWs) and it's amplitude modulation is investigated in a magnetized five‐component cometary plasma comprising positively charged hydrogen and oxygen ions, negatively charged dust grains, along with superthermal electrons (solar and cometary). The interplay dynamics of the dust acoustic waves (DAWs) is described by the Kortweg–de Vries (KdV) equation. The appearance of multi‐soliton profiles are derived using Hirota's method. The amplitude modulation of the DAWs is investigated through nonlinear Schrodinger equation. In the numerical study, it appears that the dark‐envelope soliton may exist in such cometary plasmas, but the emergence of bright‐envelope soliton is not possible at any condition. Superthermality, magnetic field strength, ion and electron concentration, and other physical factors have all been explored for their impacts. The findings of this research may contribute to our understanding of the nonlinear characteristics and wave propagation stability of electrostatic wave excitations in cometary coma environments.
Hybrid Whale Optimization‐Based Energy‐Efficient Lightweight Internet of Things Framework
Authors: Sinha Avishek , Singh Samayveer , Verma Harsh K.
Published: November 2024

The wireless intelligent computing paradigm has significantly provided services to various sectors in today's technology‐driven landscape. Despite its popularity, wireless intelligent computing faces challenges in addressing time‐sensitive tasks due to the physical distance between servers from users. Edge computing has been introduced for the internet of things (IoT) as an effective complement to enhance the wireless intelligent computing capacity for handling latency‐critical tasks. However, the limited resources of IoT and edge nodes can lead to suboptimal task management. In response to these challenges, we propose a lightweight approach that leverages a hybrid technique combining the whale optimization algorithm (WOA) with adaptive inertia weight and a genetic algorithm component. This method aims to enhance the efficiency of task offloading in a cloud‐edge computing environment. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed strategy not only addresses the limitations of traditional methods but also achieves significant improvements, a 34% increase in makespan minimization, an 11% reduction in task rejection ratio, a 17% decrease in execution cost, and a 15% improvement in energy utilization compared to WOAs. The simulation results highlight the effectiveness of the proposed hybrid algorithm in enhancing quality of service (QoS) metrics for latency‐sensitive IoT applications.
Personal social network strengthens adherence to lifestyle changes in individuals with subjective cognitive decline
Authors: Calandri Ismael L. , Ardohain Carolina A. , Elgani Sofia A. , Seminara Emiliana , Hernandez Micaela A. , Ossenkoppele Rik , Allegri Ricardo F.
Published: November 2024

INTRODUCTION

Providing medical advice regarding lifestyle changes is currently the most effective intervention for delaying dementia onset among individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD). Adherence to such advice can be influenced by individual's social environment. We measured that impact within a Latinamerican population.

METHODS

We recruited 183 SCD individuals from a Memory Clinic, analyzed their health‐related, and provided them with medical advice. We assessed personal network composition and its healthy habits. We evaluated adherence to medical advice 6 months later.

RESULTS

The proportion of heavy drinkers in the network is a risk factor to reduce alcohol consumption (odds ratio [OR] = 31.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] [3.73,301], p = 0.002), poor diets in the network hinders improving diet (p < 0.001 OR = 74.1, 95% CI [14.7,471]), and sedentary people in the network make it difficult to start exercising (OR = 4.92 95% CI [1.39,18.8], p = 0.016).

DISCUSSION

Personal networks have an inertial effect, as relationships engaged in an unhealthy habit lower the probability of individuals to quit that habit.
Strong Small‐Scale Differentiation but No Cryptic Species Within the Two Isopod Species Asellus aquaticus and Proasellus coxalis in a Restored Urban River System (Emscher, Germany)
Authors: Weiss Martina , Lorenz Armin W. , Feld Christian K. , Leese Florian
Published: November 2024

Worldwide, humans have strongly altered river networks. Key changes resulted in modified hydromorphology, poor habitat quality and availability, migration barriers, and pollution. Restoration measures aim at mitigating anthropogenic stressors and at restoring connectivity, but the biological success of these measures is not guaranteed. Analyzing genetic diversity and metapopulation structure of target species in the river network with genetic markers can help to understand recolonization processes and to identify persisting gene flow barriers. Here, we studied the population genetic structure of the two pollution‐tolerant detritivorous isopod species, Asellus aquaticus and Proasellus coxalis, in the former heavily degraded and polluted, but now mostly restored Emscher catchment in Germany. For both species, we analyzed mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene sequences and nuclear genome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data. Surprisingly, we found a strong metapopulation structure for both species with several isolated populations on a small‐scale of few kilometers, but a still high genetic diversity, especially in the COI gene. For both taxa, potentially cryptic species are known, but our SNP data showed that the mitochondrial lineages represent only one species, each, in the study area. This highlights the importance of integrating high‐resolution nuclear markers into species identification because species diversity may otherwise be overestimated. While we could identify some migration barriers and find indications for passive dispersal by birds or humans, these factors could not fully explain the local metapopulation structure, suggesting that also other drivers, such as isolation by adaptation, priority effects, or biotic interactions, play a role in shaping the population genetic structure.
A Mature Tool to Address New Challenges: Harnessing Coordination Chemistry for The Sustainable Copper Recovery from Industrial and E‐Waste in The Age of Energy Transition
Authors: Ostellari Pietro , Gross Silvia
Published: November 2024

Copper is arguably one of the most strategic metals for the energy transition, particularly in the shift from fossil fuel‐based engines to sustainable and renewable energy sources, with related and broader electrification efforts. While global copper mineral resources are far from depleted, their uneven distribution poses significant supply risks, especially in regions like Europe. In 2023, the European Union (EU) recognized this risk by designating copper as a strategic raw material (SRM), highlighting the need for innovative copper recovery processes. Copper recovery from industrial and electronic waste has been approached through various methods, primarily categorized into pyrometallurgy and solvo‐ and hydrometallurgy. The latter offers greater tunability and potential for sustainability, particularly when leveraging coordination chemistry. This review focuses on the most promising hydrometallurgical processes for copper recovery from industrial and e‐waste (i. e., electronic waste), with a special emphasis on the role of coordination chemistry in supporting these methods. We posed particular focus on the adaptability and versatility of the coordination chemistry‐based processes to the highly heterogenous composition of the copper‐containing wastes.
Exploring the reactivity of (hetero)aryl amides in the Chan‐Evans‐Lam reaction with arylalkenyl boron reagents
Authors: Ferreira Joana R. M. , Guerreiro Bruna F. L. , Santos Fábio M. F. , Guieu Samuel , Marques M. Manuel B.
Published: November 2024

The unique reactivity and stability of enamides make them attractive reagents in organic synthesis. Herein, we investigated the reactivity of acetanilides and pyridyl acetamides in the formation of a C−N bond through a Chan‐Evans‐Lam reaction using arylalkenyl boron‐based reagents yielding a wide scope of N‐aryl enamides with an E configuration. The products obtained have been applied in the synthesis of N‐heterocycles, an important scaffold in several biologically active compounds, via sequential Heck reaction to prove the practical utility of the prepared N‐aryl enamides.
Tandem, Catalyst‐Free C−C Synthesis of Nitriles from Aldehydes and Methyl Cyanoacetate with Sodium Hypophosphite
Authors: Korochantsev Vasily , Fatkulin Artemy , Podyacheva Evgeniya , Boldyrev Alexander , Afanasyev Oleg I. , Chusov Denis
Published: November 2024

Saturated carbon chain elongation is a common refrain in numerous synthetic pathways. While the formation of C−C single bonds is of primary importance in organic synthesis, the simultaneous introduction of functional groups such as nitrile or ester can reasonably increase its practical utility for the preparation of multifunctional products. The Knoevenagel reaction is a powerful tool to create carbon backbones of organic molecules; however, it requires subsequent reduction and/or decarboxylation to achieve a product with a saturated carbon chain. Herein we report a convenient one‐step protocol for the reductive condensation between methyl cyanoacetate and aldehydes in the presence of stable, ecologically benign, cheap and available in bulk amounts sodium hypophosphite as a reductant. A description of both the reaction capabilities and limitations is given in this paper.
Insights from large‐scale shake table testing: Key criticisms and potential solutions
Authors: Hayashi Kazuhiro , Nakashima Masayoshi
Published: November 2024

This article presents the authors' experience with large‐scale shaking table tests conducted in Japan using the E‐Defense shaking table. The discussion focuses on four criticisms often addressed regarding the utilities of large‐scale shaking table tests. Potential solutions to mitigate such criticisms are discussed based on shaking table tests conducted for a pair of three‐story wooden houses. The first criticism is that the test specimen anchored rigidly to a rigid shaking table is not a reproduction of actual structures supported by soils and foundations. A model ground was developed in a large sandbox, which occupied about 85% of the total specimen weight, supported the house, and the entire soil‐structure system was shaken. Considerable sliding occurred, having lessened the earthquake forces exerted and resultant damage to the superstructure. The second criticism is that a single specimen test, regardless of its size, cannot provide sufficient information for generalizing the behavior and performance. Empirical equations between the maximum story drift and the change in the natural frequency were developed from a series of shaking table tests. Using such empirical equations might promote quick damage assessment of individual houses when suffering from actual earthquakes. The third criticism is the importance of public appeal and eventual support from the general public to secure the budget to operate large‐scale testing facilities. The example test featured two nearly identical specimens placed on the table with different support conditions. The apparent difference in response revealed the effect of support conditions on seismic performance. The fourth criticism is the importance of increasing the number of experimental projects to balance the operation budget. Most of the preparation in the example test was accomplished in an open yard adjacent to the shaking table, and the test specimens were quickly assembled on the table using indoor cranes. The table occupation was four out of 35 weeks of the entire test duration.
The Thorny Issue of Atypical Anorexia Nervosa: Clinicians' Perspectives on How It Should Be Defined
Authors: Beard Jessica , Waller Glenn
Published: November 2024

Objective

Atypical Anorexia Nervosa (AAN) is an ill‐defined diagnosis. Little is known about how eating disorder clinicians perceive the utility of the diagnosis, and what changes they believe would add to that utility. This qualitative study aimed to explore clinicians' perspectives on refining the DSM‐5 AAN diagnosis.

Methods

Content analysis of text was used to categorise 47 responses to the questions: “What changes are required to the DSM‐5 definition of AAN?”, and “How do you think significant weight loss should be defined?”.

Results

Over 27% of clinicians advocated removing the AAN diagnosis or combining it with Anorexia Nervosa, while nearly 15% reported concerns about the requirement for ‘significant weight loss’. Over 87% of clinicians suggested ways (often inconsistent across clinicians) to define ‘significant weight loss’, with emphasis on the need for a specified rate (i.e., amount of loss/time) and consideration of physical health impacts.

Conclusion

Clinicians broadly agree that revisions are necessary to the current AAN definition. However, while some propose specific modifications (e.g., defining ‘significant weight loss’), others advocate for the complete removal of the diagnosis. The breadth of suggestions for how to define ‘significant weight loss’ highlights the ongoing lack of consensus on AAN's relevance as a diagnostic entity.
Evaluating and elevating the role of wildlife road crossings in climate adaptation
Authors: Littlefield Caitlin E , Suraci Justin P , Kintsch Julia , Callahan Renee , Cramer Patricia , Cross Molly S , Dickson Brett G , Duncan Leslie Ann , Fisher Jonathan RB , Freeman Patrick T , Seidler Renee , Wearn Anna , Andrews Kimberly M , Brocki Marta , Dodd Norris , Gagnon Jeff , Johnson Aran , Krosby Meade , Skroch Matt , Sutherland Ron
Published: November 2024

Beyond the well‐established benefits of wildlife road crossings and associated infrastructure—improving driver safety, reducing animal mortality, reconnecting habitats—there is another important but often underappreciated benefit: supporting wildlife and ecosystems in adapting to climate change. We explore this potential by (1) synthesizing the literature surrounding climate adaptation and wildlife crossings, (2) presenting a case study on how crossings support shifting animal migrations, and (3) describing key considerations for incorporating climate information into crossing prioritizations. Among other climate‐adaptive benefits, research suggests crossings can support species range shifts and protect access to resources even as drought and human development compromise that access. Our case study outlines an approach for prioritizing crossing locations most likely to support animal migration both today and into the future. By accounting for such dynamics, wildlife crossings can be a cost‐effective tool that protects wildlife as well as motorists and enhances the resilience of infrastructure and ecosystems in a changing world.
Ensemble Multitask Prediction of Air Pollutants Time Series: Based on Variational Inference, Data Projection, and Generative Adversarial Network
Authors: Wang Kang , Qu Chao , Wang Jianzhou , Li Zhiwu , Lu Haiyan
Published: November 2024

In light of the mounting environmental pressures, especially the significant threat urban air pollution poses to public health, there arises an imperative need to develop a data‐driven model for air pollution prediction. However, contemporary deep learning techniques, such as recurrent neural networks, often struggle to effectively capture the underlying data patterns and distributions, resulting in reduced model stability. To address this gap, this study introduces an ensemble Wasserstein generative adversarial network framework (EWGF) to enhance the stability and accuracy of PM2.5 predictions by facilitating the acquisition of more informative data representations through Wasserstein generative adversarial network. The framework contains an intricate feature extraction pipeline that automatically learns features containing residual information as representations of potential features, effectively ameliorating the underutilization of feature information. We address a nonconvex multi‐objective optimization problem associated with amalgamating diverse Wasserstein generative adversarial network architectures, which enhance the inherent instability of the predictions. Furthermore, an adaptive search strategy is introduced to ascertain the optimal distribution of prediction residuals, thereby expanding the prediction interval estimation method based on residual distribution. We rigorously evaluate the proposed framework using datasets from three major Indian cities, and our experiments unequivocally show that the EWGF outperforms existing solutions in both PM2.5 point prediction and interval prediction, evidenced by an approximate 8.07% reduction in mean absolute percentage error and an approximate 19.41% improvement in prediction interval score compared to the baseline model.
Enhanced Analysis of Carcinogens and Nutritional Profile of Vitis vinifera by Employing Pulsed Electric Field
Authors: Batool Zahra , Sameen Dur e , Wen Ding , Hu Shanshan , Roobab Ume , Li Bing , Adil Rana Muhammad , Shen Bairong
Published: November 2024

Solid Phase Microextraction‐Gas Chromatography Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry (SPME‐GC‐TQ/MS) was optimized and validated to specifically analyze aldehydes and furans after drying Vitis vinifera grape variety by conventional as well as modern pre‐drying technique i.e. pulsed electric field (PEF). Analytical method was validated in terms of linearity (R2), recovery (%), relative standard deviation (% RSD), limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ). Sample pre‐treatment with PEF (1 kV/cm) followed by drying at 65°C produced dried product with fewer chemical changes in the composition than convective hot air drying. Meanwhile, nutritional parameters including polyphenolics, amino acids, fatty acids and sugars profiles were also extensively investigated to get deeper insights into the effect of drying treatments on the nutritional quality of dried product. Conclusively, sample pre‐treatment on relatively lower PEF voltage, followed by drying at minimum temperature with longer time duration can preserve nutritional quality of product by forming less harmful compounds.
Enhanced sintering resistance of NiFe‐based RWGS catalysts through Cu doping
Authors: Wu Jiayi , Zhang Wenhao , Chen Hecao , Yu Weifeng , Sun Bo , Zhu Minghui , Han Yi‐Fan
Published: November 2024

The reverse water‐gas shift (RWGS) reaction offers an effective method for mitigating CO2 emissions. Due to its affordability and physicochemical stability, iron has garnered significant attention as a potential catalyst for RWGS. The incorporation of nickel and copper promoters can enhance CO2 conversion and CO selectivity in Fe‐based catalysts. This study focuses on modifying the strength of the Strong Metal‐Support Interaction (SMSI) through particle size optimization. Doping Cu into NiFe‐based catalysts restricts particle size, which influences the curvature of the Ni0@FeOx interface. This curvature enhances the electron coupling between Ni0 and FeOx, promoting the formation of a denser and thicker Ni0 and FeOx layer. This results in a nearly 90% increase in the CO2 reaction rate during the sintering resistance test by anchoring Ni0 and facilitating electron transfer to active sites. Such morphological evolution improves high‐temperature resistance to sintering during RWGS. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
R‐Ras1 and R‐Ras2 regulate mature oligodendrocyte subpopulations
Authors: Alcover‐Sanchez Berta , Garcia‐Martin Gonzalo , Paleo‐García Víctor , Quintas Ana , Dopazo Ana , Gruart Agnès , Delgado‐García José María , de la Villa Pedro , Wandosell Francisco , Pereira Marta P. , Cubelos Beatriz
Published: November 2024

In the mammalian central nervous system, axonal myelination, executed by mature oligodendrocytes (MOLs), enables rapid neural transmission. Conversely, myelin deficiencies are hallmark features of multiple sclerosis, optic neuromyelitis, and some leukodystrophies. Recent studies have highlighted that MOLs are heterogeneous; however, how MOL subpopulations are specified and balanced in physiological settings is poorly understood. Previous works have demonstrated an essential role of the small GTPases R‐Ras1 and R‐Ras2 in the survival and myelination of oligodendrocytes. In this study, we aimed to determine how R‐Ras1 and R‐Ras2 contribute to the heterogeneity of MOL subpopulations. Our results evidence that R‐Ras1 and R‐Ras2 affect specification into the distinct subpopulations MOL1, MOL2, and MOL5/6, which in turn vary in their dependence of these GTPases. In R‐Ras1 and/or R‐Ras2 mutant mice, we observed an increase in the MOL1 subpopulation and a decrease in the MOL2 and MOL5/6 subpopulations. We identified R‐Ras1 and R‐Ras2 as key elements in balancing the heterogeneity of MOLs. Our results contribute to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the heterogeneity of MOLs and the myelination processes, which is crucial for innovating regenerative therapies for nervous system disorders.
Balancing Duty, Stigma, and Caregiving Needs of People With Neurodevelopmental or Neurocognitive Disorders During a Public Health Emergency in South Asia: A Qualitative Study of Carer Experiences
Authors: Tjin Anna , Goodwin Anna , Troy Carol , Yeo Selvie , Saha Sanjib , O'Sullivan Roger , Leroi Iracema , Chen Yaohua ,   the CLIC Caregiver Study Group
Published: November 2024

Objective

Individuals with neurodevelopmental and/or neurocognitive disorders (NNDs) have complex, long‐term care needs. In Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan, informal carers shoulder the responsibility and strain of providing care for people with NNDs. Intense care demand, societal and cultural care expectations, and lack of support infrastructure often lead to psychosocial strain in this inadequately researched community, particularly during crises such as the COVID‐19 pandemic. This study explored and identified specific features of the coping styles exhibited by informal carers of people with NNDs from Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Material and methods

Between June and November 2020, 245 carers in India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh responded to open‐ended questions in the CLIC (Coping with Loneliness, Isolation, and COVID‐19) survey. A reflexive thematic analysis was conducted to uncover the underlying themes and identify coping strategies and stressors. A frequency analysis was performed to examine the associations between these themes and carer nationality. Significant tests identified coping styles.

Results

We identified three coping styles: religiosity (Pakistan), caregiving as a natural life path (Bangladesh), and self‐care (India). The religiosity and natural life path styles reside on the fatalism/acceptance continuum and suggest an insight‐oriented therapeutic approach. Self‐care is a problem‐solving strategy that calls for a behaviorally oriented approach. Family overreliance on the carer was a concern across all three groups.

Conclusions

The findings underscore the need for accessible support pathways to sustain care standards, ensuring the well‐being of carers and care recipients.
A Method for Multimodal IVA Fusion Within a MISA Unified Model Reveals Markers of Age, Sex, Cognition, and Schizophrenia in Large Neuroimaging Studies
Authors: Silva Rogers F. , Damaraju Eswar , Li Xinhui , Kochunov Peter , Ford Judith M. , Mathalon Daniel H. , Turner Jessica A. , van Erp Theo G. M. , Adali Tulay , Calhoun Vince D.
Published: November 2024

With the increasing availability of large‐scale multimodal neuroimaging datasets, it is necessary to develop data fusion methods which can extract cross‐modal features. A general framework, multidataset independent subspace analysis (MISA), has been developed to encompass multiple blind source separation approaches and identify linked cross‐modal sources in multiple datasets. In this work, we utilized the multimodal independent vector analysis (MMIVA) model in MISA to directly identify meaningful linked features across three neuroimaging modalities—structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), resting state functional MRI and diffusion MRI—in two large independent datasets, one comprising of control subjects and the other including patients with schizophrenia. Results show several linked subject profiles (sources) that capture age‐associated decline, schizophrenia‐related biomarkers, sex effects, and cognitive performance. For sources associated with age, both shared and modality‐specific brain‐age deltas were evaluated for association with non‐imaging variables. In addition, each set of linked sources reveals a corresponding set of cross‐modal spatial patterns that can be studied jointly. We demonstrate that the MMIVA fusion model can identify linked sources across multiple modalities, and that at least one set of linked, age‐related sources replicates across two independent and separately analyzed datasets. The same set also presented age‐adjusted group differences, with schizophrenia patients indicating lower multimodal source levels. Linked sets associated with sex and cognition are also reported for the UK Biobank dataset.
Prediction of Post Traumatic Epilepsy Using MR‐Based Imaging Markers
Authors: Akrami Haleh , Cui Wenhui , Kim Paul E. , Heck Christianne N. , Irimia Andrei , Jerbi Karim , Nair Dileep , Leahy Richard M. , Joshi Anand A.
Published: November 2024

Post‐traumatic epilepsy (PTE) is a debilitating neurological disorder that develops after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Despite the high prevalence of PTE, current methods for predicting its occurrence remain limited. In this study, we aimed to identify imaging‐based markers for the prediction of PTE using machine learning. Specifically, we examined three imaging features: Lesion volumes, resting‐state fMRI‐based measures of functional connectivity, and amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuation (ALFF). We employed three machine‐learning methods, namely, kernel support vector machine (KSVM), random forest, and an artificial neural network (NN), to develop predictive models. Our results showed that the KSVM classifier, with all three feature types as input, achieved the best prediction accuracy of 0.78 AUC (area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve) using nested cross‐validation. Furthermore, we performed voxel‐wise and lobe‐wise group difference analyses to investigate the specific brain regions and features that the model found to be most helpful in distinguishing PTE from non‐PTE populations. Our statistical analysis uncovered significant differences in bilateral temporal lobes and cerebellum between PTE and non‐PTE groups. Overall, our findings demonstrate the complementary prognostic value of MR‐based markers in PTE prediction and provide new insights into the underlying structural and functional alterations associated with PTE.
Contrast‐Enhanced Computed Tomography (CT) With Concordant Sonography as Sufficient Early Detection Tools for Recurrent and Persistent Cervical Metastases After (Chemo)radiotherapy (CRT)
Authors: Stöcker Carl , Greve Jens , Beer Meinrad , Hosch Beate , Barth Thomas F. E. , Hoffmann Thomas K. , von Witzleben Adrian
Published: November 2024

Background

Most challenging treatment needs are in recurrent or persisting head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients after (((chemo‐)radiotherapy) (C)RT).

Materials and Methods

This 10‐year retrospective study included 100 patients, who initially received (C)RT followed by neck dissection (ND). The results of computed tomography (CT) and sonography were evaluated for residual/recurrent cervical lymph nodes and compared to the histopathology. On this basis we calculate the sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV) and positive predictive value (PPV).

Results

A total of 144 ND specimens were analyzed. The combination of CT and sonography (n = 103) reached values 97% sensitivity, 71% specificity, 98% NPV, 66% PPV, and 81% overall accuracy.

For patients who received as primary treatment CRT the values for the combined imaging were: 100.0%, 73.5%, 100.0%, 66.7% and 82.7% respectively.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrates that the combined use of CT and sonography reliably detects lymph node metastases, particularly in patients previously treated with CRT, even after a long time after treatment.
A single‐chain variable fragment‐based bispecific T‐cell activating antibody against CD117 enables T‐cell mediated lysis of acute myeloid leukemia and hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells
Authors: Volta Laura , Myburgh Renier , Hofstetter Mara , Koch Christian , Kiefer Jonathan D. , Gobbi Celeste , Manfredi Francesco , Zimmermann Kathrin , Kaufmann Philipp , Fazio Serena , Pellegrino Christian , Russkamp Norman F. , Villars Danielle , Matasci Mattia , Maurer Monique , Mueller Jan , Schneiter Florin , Büschl Paul , Harrer Niclas , Mock Jacqueline , Balabanov Stefan , Nombela‐Arrieta César , Schroeder Timm , Neri Dario , Manz Markus G.
Published: November 2024

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) derives from hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). To date, no AML‐exclusive, non‐HSPC‐expressed cell‐surface target molecules for AML selective immunotherapy have been identified. Therefore, to still apply surface‐directed immunotherapy in this disease setting, time‐limited combined immune‐targeting of AML cells and healthy HSPCs, followed by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), might be a viable therapeutic approach. To explore this, we generated a recombinant single‐chain variable fragment‐based bispecific T‐cell engaging and activating antibody directed against CD3 on T‐cells and CD117, the surface receptor for stem cell factor, expressed by both AML cells and healthy HSPCs. Bispecific CD117xCD3 targeting induced lysis of CD117‐positive healthy human HSPCs, AML cell lines and patient‐derived AML blasts in the presence of T‐cells at subnanomolar concentrations in vitro. Furthermore, in immunocompromised mice, engrafted with human CD117‐expressing leukemia cells and human T‐cells, the bispecific molecule efficiently prevented leukemia growth in vivo. Additionally, in immunodeficient mice transplanted with healthy human HSPCs, the molecule decreased the number of CD117‐positive cells in vivo. Therefore, bispecific CD117xCD3 targeting might be developed clinically in order to reduce CD117‐expressing leukemia cells and HSPCs prior to HSCT.
Effect of different water quality on the performance of pressure compensating emitter in drip irrigation systems
Authors: Hou Peng , Ma Changjian , Zhang Kai , Hou Shance , Li Jingzhi , Xiao Yang , Li Yunkai
Published: November 2024

Pressure‐compensating emitters (PCE) ensure consistent flow rates and uniform irrigation in drip irrigation systems across varying pressures. However, the performance of PCE can be significantly compromised by marginal water, characterized by impurities like particulate matter, salt ions, microorganisms and organic substances. To date, research elucidating the factors contributing to PCE performance reduction with marginal water sources has been limited. This study investigated the effects of tour types of marginal waters on PCE performances, specifically saline water (rich in salt ions), high‐sediment water, biogas slurry (rich in organics) and reclaimed water (containing microorganisms), under three operational pressures (0.1 MPa, 0.2 MPa, 0.3 MPa). Variations in clogging substances and diaphragm performance within the PCE flow channel were analysed. Results indicated that PCE performance declined most rapidly in saline water, followed by high‐sediment water, biogas slurry and reclaimed water. Compared to clogging substances within the flow channel in reclaimed water conditions, those in biogas slurry, high‐sediment water and saline water increased by 3.4%, 17.5% and 93.1%, respectively. The flow coefficient decreased by 21.1%, 32.2% and 18.0%, respectively, while the flow index increased by 5.8%, 12.5% and 50.2%, respectively. Furthermore, the elastic modulus of the diaphragm decreased by 1.8%, 13.6% and 44.1%, respectively. These results underscored that chemical ions in the water source are the most critical factor influencing PCE performance, followed by sediment and organic matter, while microorganisms have a comparatively lesser impact. Furthermore, higher pressure levels were found to contribute to improvements in PCE performance. This study offers insights into the influence of various marginal waters on PCE performance, with implications for the broader adoption and implementation of pressure‐compensating drip irrigation technology in conditions involving marginal water.
Evaluating the social acceptability of the Re‐Connect concept: A smartphone‐based, nonfinancial, contingency management intervention
Authors: Raiff Bethany R. , Upton Caitlyn R. , Koffarnus Mikhail N.
Published: November 2024

Contingency management is a well‐validated behavior change intervention; however, the financial incentives can prevent it from being widely adopted. Most Americans have a smartphone with applications (apps) that they find enjoyable and engage with for a considerable amount of time. A potential avenue for contingency management dissemination is a mobile smartphone application that leverages the existing reward value of smartphone apps as a tool for behavior change. The present study examined the acceptability of the Re‐Connect concept, which proposes to block nonessential but highly preferred apps and unlock them contingent on meeting the user's health goals. Out of the sample surveyed (N = 146), 63.02% reported that they would be likely to use Re‐Connect and 67.81% would recommend it to someone. Acceptability of Re‐Connect increased with greater user control. These results suggest that access to preferred smartphone apps could be a socially acceptable incentive in a contingency management intervention.
A Rapid Quantitative Assessment Method for Liver Damage Effects of Compounds Based on Zebrafish Liver Partition Area Ratio
Authors: Yang Jing , Zhao Jingcheng , Zheng Te , Zhou Jiashuo , Zhang Huiwen , Zhang Yun
Published: November 2024

Total liver area is a traditional indicator in evaluating compound liver damage with zebrafish models. However, in some experiments, compounds changed zebrafish liver morphology but total liver area showed no significant difference, indicating it is inaccurate for evaluating compound effects on zebrafish liver damage. Therefore, in this study, transgenic zebrafish Tg(l‐fabp:EGFP) labeled with liver cells using green fluorescent protein was used to evaluate compound effects on liver by the liver partition area ratio. The coefficient of variation of the total liver area and the liver partition area ratio of normal zebrafish at different development stages was calculated to determine the precision and dispersion of the liver partition area ratio. Three known hepatotoxic compounds (water extract of psoralea, alcohol, and α‐naphthalene isothiocyanate) were used to treat zebrafish, and liver partition area ratio was calculated and verified by liver tissue pathological sections. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to analyze the correlation between the liver partition area ratio, total liver area, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Results showed significant difference in liver partition area ratio between hepatotoxic compound treated group and control group, and it could accurately reflect liver morphology changes. There was a strong correlation between liver partition area ratio and ALT and AST level, whereas that between total liver area and ALT and AST level was low. Therefore, the change in zebrafish liver partition area ratio can be an evaluation indicator for rapid assessment of compound effects on zebrafish liver function damage, more sensitive and accurate than total liver area.