bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Systematic evaluation of selected supercritical fluid chromatography diol‐ and diethylamine‐based columns for application in hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography
Authors: Kozlov Oleksandr , Kadlecová Zuzana , Gilar Martin , Gondová Taťána , Kalíková Květa , Tesařová Eva
Published: March 2019

Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography has become a useful method for separation of polar and hydrophilic analytes, i.e. compounds that are difficult to separate in reversed‐phase chromatography. The retention mechanism in hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography is rather complex. Different types of interactions contribute to retention, depending on the properties of stationary phase, mobile phase and nature of analytes. Many columns for hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography are available and the new stationary phases are still under development. In our study systematic examination to describe two novel columns, intended for supercritical fluid chromatography, as potential stationary phases for hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography was performed. The supercritical fluid chromatography columns contained polar diethylamine ligand and diol ligand bonded to ethylene bridged hybrid particles. The retentivity and selectivity of the stationary phases were evaluated using a variety of test compounds. The impacts of acetonitrile content, buffer pH and concentration on the retention were investigated. Distinct mixed‐mode behavior of the diethylamine column was observed; significant contribution of anion‐exchange interaction to retention was confirmed. The DIOL phase has neutral character and retained analytes predominantly by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography mechanism.
Streamline processes to better serve transfer students
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: March 2019

North Carolina State University's strategic plan focuses on enhancing student success, especially for transfer students. Officials have sought ways to provide better service to students and faculty members during the transfer process and to support transfer students through completion of their degree, said John Harrington, assistant registrar for degree audit and transfer credit. The goal has been to support transfer students from application through graduation, he added.
The top 5 sections of the FERPA regs: §99.3 definitions, Part 2
Authors: Rainsberger Richard
Published: March 2019

Socrates was right. And the 20‐term definitions section of the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act regulations (34 CFR §99.3) opens a few enlightened doors into not only what each term means as far as FERPA is concerned, but also how our legislators intended the term to be used.
Dihedral flavor group as the key to understand quark and lepton flavor mixing
Authors: Lu Jun-Nan , Ding Gui-Jun
Published: March 2019

Abstract

We have studied the lepton and quark mixing patterns which can be derived from the dihedral group D

n
in combination with CP symmetry. The left-handed lepton and quark doublets are assigned to the direct sum of a singlet and a doublet of D

n
. A unified description of the observed structure of the quark and lepton mixing can be achieved if the flavor group D

n
and CP are broken to Z
2 × CP in neutrino, charged lepton, up quark and down quark sectors, and the minimal group is D
14. We also consider another scenario in which the residual symmetry of the charged lepton and up quark sector is Z
2 while Z
2 × CP remains preserved by the neutrino and down quark mass matrices. Then D
7 can give the experimentally favored values of CKM and PMNS mixing matrices.
Microfluidic study of effects of flow velocity and nutrient concentration on biofilm accumulation and adhesive strength in the flowing and no-flowing microchannels
Authors: Liu Na , Skauge Tormod , Landa-Marbán David , Hovland Beate , Thorbjørnsen Bente , Radu Florin Adrian , Vik Bartek Florczyk , Baumann Thomas , Bødtker Gunhild
Published: March 2019

Biofilm accumulation in porous media can cause pore plugging and change many of the physical properties of porous media. Engineering bioplugging may have significant applications for many industrial processes, while improved knowledge on biofilm accumulation in porous media at porescale in general has broad relevance for a range of industries as well as environmental and water research. The experimental results by means of microscopic imaging over a T-shape microchannel clearly show that increase in fluid velocity could facilitate biofilm growth, but that above a velocity threshold, biofilm detachment and inhibition of biofilm formation due to high shear stress were observed. High nutrient concentration prompts the biofilm growth; however, the generated biofilm displays a weak adhesive strength. This paper provides an overview of biofilm development in a hydrodynamic environment for better prediction and modelling of bioplugging processes associated with porous systems in petroleum industry, hydrogeology and water purification.
The 1.4-GHz cosmic star formation history at z < 1.3
Authors: Upjohn James E. , Brown Michael J. I. , Hopkins Andrew M. , Bonne Nicolas J.
Published: March 2019

We measure the cosmic star formation history out to z = 1.3 using a sample of 918 radio-selected star-forming galaxies within the 2-deg2 COSMOS field. To increase our sample size, we combine 1.4-GHz flux densities from the VLA-COSMOS catalogue with flux densities measured from the VLA-COSMOS radio continuum image at the positions of I < 26.5 galaxies, enabling us to detect 1.4-GHz sources as faint as 40 μJy. We find that radio measurements of the cosmic star formation history are highly dependent on sample completeness and models used to extrapolate the faint end of the radio luminosity function. For our preferred model of the luminosity function, we find the star formation rate density increases from 0.017 M⊙ yr−1 Mpc−3 at z ∼ 0.225 to 0.092 M⊙ yr−1 Mpc−3 at z ∼ 1.1, which agrees to within 40% of recent UV, IR and 3-GHz measurements of the cosmic star formation history.
Currency Regimes and the Carry Trade
Authors: Accominotti Olivier , Cen Jason , Chambers David , Marsh Ian W.
Published: March 2019

This study exploits a new long-run data set of daily bid and offered exchange rates in spot and forward markets from 1919 to the present to analyze carry returns in fixed and floating currency regimes. We first find that outsized carry returns occur exclusively in the floating regime, being zero in the fixed regime. Second, we show that fixed-to-floating regime shifts are associated with negative returns to a carry strategy implemented only on floating currencies, robust to the inclusion of volatility risks. These shifts are typically characterized by global flight-to-safety events that represent bad times for carry traders.
Diversity of Edwardsiidae sea anemones (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria) from Brazil, with the description of a new genus and species
Authors: Brandão Rafael Antônio , Gusmão Luciana Câmara , Gomes Paula Braga
Published: March 2019

Edwardsiidae is one of the most speciose families within order Actiniaria with ~75 valid species of burrowing sea anemones. Five edwardsiids have been recorded in South Atlantic waters with only two species known for Brazil:Nematostella vectensisandEdwardsia migottoi. Such low diversity is probably the result of a historical small number of specialists in the region combined with difficulties in collecting and identifying these small burrowing animals. Although edwardsiids have been reported from Brazil since at least the 1960s, these reports did not include proper descriptions or specific identification, making comparison to other valid species impossible. Here we describe a new genus,Isoscolanthusgen. nov., and two new species:Isoscolanthus iemanjaesp. nov.,Isoscolanthus janainaesp. nov. and we also describeScolanthus crypticussp. nov., the first species of the genus for Brazil.Isoscolanthusgen. nov. is easily distinguished from other edwardsiid genera by a combination of external (i.e. presence of periderm and nemathybomes in proximal end and 12 tentacles), microanatomical (i.e. four microcnemes) and cnidom features (i.e. pterotrichs in nemathybomes). In addition to the description of the new genus and species, we expand the range distribution ofNematostella vectensisandEdwardsia migottoiin the South-western Atlantic. The number of edwardsiids known from Brazil is raised from two to five species, substantially increasing the diversity of soft-bottom sea anemones for South Atlantic waters.
Suppression of beam halo in an RF linac using a hollow electron beam
Authors: Nayak B. , Krishnagopal S.
Published: March 2019

High-intensity electron linacs have severe space-charge effects that lead to the production of beam halo which degrade the beam quality. For a given charge per bunch, hollow beams have a weaker nonlinear space-charge force. In this paper, we have investigated the possibility of using hollow beam to control halo growth in linacs. We simulate the dynamics of such a beam in a 17 MeV radio frequency linac using ASTRA beam dynamics code and show that it experiences a smaller emittance growth as well as reduced beam halo. The results suggest that using a hollow beam, high charge per bunch could be propagated and accelerated in a radio frequency linac.
Examination of monolingual (English) and bilingual (English/Spanish; English/Urdu) children's syntactic awareness
Authors: DAVIDSON Denise , VANEGAS Sandra B. , HILVERT Elizabeth , RAINEY Vanessa R. , MISIUNAITE Ieva
Published: March 2019

In this study, monolingual (English) and bilingual (English/Spanish, English/Urdu) five- and six-year-old children completed a grammaticality judgment test in order to assess their awareness of the grammaticality of two types of syntactic constructions in English: word order and gender representation. All children were better at detecting grammatically correct and incorrect word order constructions than gender constructions, regardless of language group. In fact, bilingualism per se did not impact the results as much as receptive vocabulary range. For example, children with the highest receptive vocabulary scores were more accurate in detecting incorrect word order constructions (i.e., word order violations, semantic anomalies) and incorrect gender agreement than children in the lower receptive vocabulary ranges. However, no differences were found between the ranges for ambiguous gender constructions. These results highlight the importance of receptive vocabulary ability on syntactic awareness performance, regardless of language group.
Speech analysis for conceptual CAD modeling using multi-modal interfaces: An investigation into Architects’ and Engineers’ speech preferences
Authors: Khan Sumbul , Tunçer Bige
Published: March 2019

Speech- and gesture-based interfaces for computer-aided design (CAD) modeling must employ vocabulary suitable for target professional groups. We conducted an experiment with 40 participants from architecture and engineering backgrounds to elicit their speech preferences for four CAD manipulation tasks: Scale, Rotate, Copy, and Move. We compiled speech command terms used by participants and analyzed verbalizations based on three analytic themes: the exactness of descriptions, the granularity of descriptions, and the use of CAD legacy terms. We found that participants from both groups used precise and vague expressions in their verbalizations and used a median of three parameters in their verbalizations. Architects used CAD legacy terms more than Engineers in the tasks Scale and Rotate. Based on these findings, we give recommendations for the design of speech- and gesture-based interface for conceptual CAD modeling.
Simulation and Analysis of Methods for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Feedback Control
Authors: Wiedemeier Jeremy , Spencer Greg , Hagmann Mark J. , Mousa Marwan S.
Published: March 2019

A scanning tunneling microscope (STM) requires precise control of the tip–sample distance to maintain a constant set-point tunneling current. Typically, the tip–sample distance is controlled through the use of a control algorithm. The control algorithm takes in the measured tunneling current and returns a correction to the tip–sample distance in order to achieve and maintain the set-point value for tunneling current. We have developed an STM simulator to test the accuracy and performance of four control algorithms. The operation and effectiveness of these control algorithms are evaluated.
Variation for seed physical and hydration properties of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) mini core collection and their relevance to conservation and utilization
Authors: Sastry D. V. S. S. R. , Upadhyaya H. D. , Srinivas T. R.
Published: March 2019

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is an important grain legume nutritionally balanced for human consumption. The physical properties of chickpea seeds are important for processing and storage as well as for assessing seed quality and the hydration properties related to cooking quality. The chickpea mini core collection (211 accessions) and four control cultivars were evaluated for seed morphological (seed colour, shape, dots on seed coat and surface texture); physical (seed moisture content, 100-seed weight, seed coat content, length, width, thickness, geometric mean diameter (GMD), surface area, sphericity, shape aspect, volume, bulk density, true density and porosity); and hydration traits (hydration capacity, hydration index, swelling capacity and swelling index). Highly significant differences were observed for all the seed traits in the mini core collection. Correlation coefficients indicated that accessions with high or more seed weight, GMD, sphericity, seed shape aspect, swelling capacity and swelling index would be useful for utilization in research. The results of this study have refined the seed traits of chickpea and resulted in identifying several desirable accessions in the mini core. Some of these accessions were previously identified as promising sources for important agronomic and nutritional traits and for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses and will be useful sources to develop high-yielding cultivars with desirable seed physical and hydration quality.
Citizens–experts’ interactions under different institutional arrangements: assessing the role of uncertainty, interests, and values
Authors: Bogliacino Francesco , Codagnone Cristiano , Veltri Giuseppe Alessandro
Published: March 2019

In this paper, we develop a framework to analyze the relationship between evidence and policy. Postulating a normative criterion based on cost–benefit analysis and the value of a piece of information, as well as a topology of the policy space defined by three characteristics (epistemic uncertainty, interests, and the degree of value conflicts), we identify the (Nash) equilibria of an interaction between experts and citizens in providing information to a decision maker. In this setup, we study three institutional arrangements (evidence-based policy, deliberative governance, and negotiated conflict) that differ in terms of reliance on experts and citizens for providing information. We show that different degrees of uncertainty, interests, and value-relevance surrounding the issue at stake result in vastly different arrangement performances; hence, to foster efficiency, rules should be contingent.
Three-dimensional ordered porous electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage
Authors: Liu Zaichun , Yuan Xinhai , Zhang Shuaishuai , Wang Jing , Huang Qinghong , Yu Nengfei , Zhu Yusong , Fu Lijun , Wang Faxing , Chen Yuhui , Wu Yuping
Published: March 2019

The past decade has witnessed substantial advances in the synthesis of various electrode materials with three-dimensional (3D) ordered macroporous or mesoporous structures (the so-called “inverse opals”) for applications in electrochemical energy storage devices. This review summarizes recent advancements in 3D ordered porous (3DOP) electrode materials and their unusual electrochemical properties endowed by their intrinsic and geometric structures. The 3DOP electrode materials discussed here mainly include carbon materials, transition metal oxides (such as TiO2, SnO2, Co3O4, NiO, Fe2O3, V2O5, Cu2O, MnO2, and GeO2), transition metal dichalcogenides (such as MoS2 and WS2), elementary substances (such as Si, Ge, and Au), intercalation compounds (such as Li4Ti5O12, LiCoO2, LiMn2O4, LiFePO4), and conductive polymers (polypyrrole and polyaniline). Representative applications of these materials in Li ion batteries, aqueous rechargeable lithium batteries, Li-S batteries, Li-O2 batteries, and supercapacitors are presented. Particular focus is placed on how ordered porous structures influence the electrochemical performance of electrode materials. Additionally, we discuss research opportunities as well as the current challenges to facilitate further contributions to this emerging research frontier.
Rho-dependent transcription termination in bacteria recycles RNA polymerases stalled at DNA lesions
Authors: Jain Sriyans , Gupta Richa , Sen Ranjan
Published: March 2019

In bacteria, transcription-coupled repair of DNA lesions initiates after the Mfd protein removes RNA polymerases (RNAPs) stalled at the lesions. The bacterial RNA helicase, Rho, is a transcription termination protein that dislodges the elongation complexes. Here, we show that Rho dislodges the stalled RNAPs at DNA lesions. Strains defective in both Rho and Mfd are susceptible to DNA-damaging agents and are inefficient in repairing or propagating UV-damaged DNA. In vitro transcription assays show that Rho dissociates the stalled elongation complexes at the DNA lesions. We conclude that Rho-dependent termination recycles stalled RNAPs, which might facilitate DNA repair and other DNA-dependent processes essential for bacterial cell survival. We surmise that Rho might compete with, or augment, the Mfd function.
Tuning orbital orientation endows molybdenum disulfide with exceptional alkaline hydrogen evolution capability
Authors: Zang Yipeng , Niu Shuwen , Wu Yishang , Zheng Xusheng , Cai Jinyan , Ye Jian , Xie Yufang , Liu Yun , Zhou Jianbin , Zhu Junfa , Liu Xiaojing , Wang Gongming , Qian Yitai
Published: March 2019

Molybdenum disulfide is naturally inert for alkaline hydrogen evolution catalysis, due to its unfavorable water adsorption and dissociation feature originated from the unsuitable orbital orientation. Herein, we successfully endow molybdenum disulfide with exceptional alkaline hydrogen evolution capability by carbon-induced orbital modulation. The prepared carbon doped molybdenum disulfide displays an unprecedented overpotential of 45 mV at 10 mA cm−2, which is substantially lower than 228 mV of the molybdenum disulfide and also represents the best alkaline hydrogen evolution catalytic activity among the ever-reported molybdenum disulfide catalysts. Fine structural analysis indicates the electronic and coordination structures of molybdenum disulfide have been significantly changed with carbon incorporation. Moreover, theoretical calculation further reveals carbon doping could create empty 2p orbitals perpendicular to the basal plane, enabling energetically favorable water adsorption and dissociation. The concept of orbital modulation could offer a unique approach for the rational design of hydrogen evolution catalysts and beyond.
Stable isotopes reveal patterns of diet and mobility in the last Neandertals and first modern humans in Europe
Authors: Wißing Christoph , Rougier Hélène , Baumann Chris , Comeyne Alexander , Crevecoeur Isabelle , Drucker Dorothée G. , Gaudzinski-Windheuser Sabine , Germonpré Mietje , Gómez-Olivencia Asier , Krause Johannes , Matthies Tim , Naito Yuichi I. , Posth Cosimo , Semal Patrick , Street Martin , Bocherens Hervé
Published: March 2019

Correlating cultural, technological and ecological aspects of both Upper Pleistocene modern humans (UPMHs) and Neandertals provides a useful approach for achieving robust predictions about what makes us human. Here we present ecological information for a period of special relevance in human evolution, the time of replacement of Neandertals by modern humans during the Late Pleistocene in Europe. Using the stable isotopic approach, we shed light on aspects of diet and mobility of the late Neandertals and UPMHs from the cave sites of the Troisième caverne of Goyet and Spy in Belgium. We demonstrate that their diet was essentially similar, relying on the same terrestrial herbivores, whereas mobility strategies indicate considerable differences between Neandertal groups, as well as in comparison to UPMHs. Our results indicate that UPMHs exploited their environment to a greater extent than Neandertals and support the hypothesis that UPMHs had a substantial impact not only on the population dynamics of large mammals but also on the whole structure of the ecosystem since their initial arrival in Europe.
Integrative comparative analyses of metabolite and transcript profiles uncovers complex regulatory network in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) fruit undergoing chilling injury
Authors: Zhang Wen-Fa , Gong Ze-Hao , Wu Meng-Bo , Chan Helen , Yuan Yu-Jin , Tang Ning , Zhang Qiang , Miao Ming-Jun , Chang Wei , Li Zhi , Li Zheng-Guo , Jin Liang , Deng Wei
Published: March 2019

Tomato fruit are especially susceptible to chilling injury (CI) when continuously exposed to temperatures below 12 °C. In this study, integrative comparative analyses of transcriptomics and metabolomics data were performed to uncover the regulatory network in CI tomato fruit. Metabolite profiling analysis found that 7 amino acids, 27 organic acids, 16 of sugars and 22 other compounds had a significantly different content while transcriptomics data showed 1735 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were down-regulated and 1369 were up-regulated in cold-stored fruit. We found that the contents of citrate, cis-aconitate and succinate were increased, which were consistent with the expression of ATP-citrate synthase (ACS) and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) genes in cold-treated tomato fruit. Cold stress promotes the expression ofACSandIDHwhich may increase the synthesis of citrate, cis-aconitate and succinate. Alanine and leucine had increased contents, which may result from alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase(BcAT)’s high expression levels, respectively. Overall the transcriptomics and metabolomics data in our study explain the molecular mechanisms of the chilling injury and expands our understanding of the complex regulatory mechanisms of a metabolic network in response to chilling injury in tomato fruit.
Towards a wearable fuel cell sensor for transdermal monitoring of isoflurane – an anesthetic
Authors: Jalal Ahmed Hasnain , Umasankar Yogeswaran , Ahmed Md Ashfaq , Pretto Ernesto A. , Bhansali Shekhar
Published: March 2019

A wearable anesthetic sensor combined with principal component regression as a new approach to improve accuracy in the analytical field.
Electrochemically-derived graphene oxide membranes with high stability and superior ionic sieving
Authors: Yu Pei , Xiong Zhiyuan , Zhan Hualin , Xie Ke , Zhong Yu Lin , Simon George P. , Li Dan
Published: March 2019

Crosslinker-free electrochemically-derived graphene oxide membranes are found to be extraordinarily stable in aqueous solutions and exhibit superior ionic sieving performance.
Structure dependent optoelectronic properties of monolayer antimonene, bismuthene and their binary compound
Authors: Kecik D. , Özçelik V. O. , Durgun E. , Ciraci S.
Published: March 2019

The absorption spectra of antimonene, bismuthene, and their BiSb binary compound are revealed.
Collaboration between experiment and theory in solar fuels research
Authors: Spies Jacob A. , Perets Ethan A. , Fisher Katherine J. , Rudshteyn Benjamin , Batista Victor S. , Brudvig Gary W. , Schmuttenmaer Charles A.
Published: March 2019

As the challenges in science increase in scope and interdisciplinarity, collaboration becomes increasingly important.
Preparation and evaluation of gastro-floating hollow adhesive microspheres of carbomer/ethyl cellulose encapsulating dipyridamole
Authors: Zhu Cheng-Yun , Wang Jin-Yue , Huang Jin , Han Guo-Hua , Ji Yan-Yan , Zhang Xiang-Rong , Liang Dong
Published: March 2019

Gastro-floating hollow adhesive microspheres of Carbomer/ethyl cellulose encapsulating dipyridamole were fabricated and evaluated in vitro and in vivo.
Enhanced magnetism in lightly doped manganite heterostructures: strain or stoichiometry?
Authors: Mbatang Richard , Xue Deqing , Enriquez Erik , Yuan Ruihao , Han Hyungkyu , Dowden Paul , Wang Qiang , Fohtung Edwin , Xue Dezhen , Lookman Turab , Pennycook Stephen J. , Chen Aiping
Published: March 2019

Strain relaxation induced stoichiometry modulation in lightly doped manganite thin films.
Photocatalytic dye degradation and biological activities of the Fe2O3/Cu2O nanocomposite
Authors: Abhilash Mavinakere Ramesh , Akshatha Gangadhar , Srikantaswamy Shivanna
Published: March 2019

The present study reports the synthesis of the Fe2O3/Cu2O nanocompositeviaa facile hydrothermal route.
Low-voltage alternating current powered polydopamine-protected copper phosphide nanowire for electroporation-disinfection in water
Authors: Huo Zheng-Yang , Liu Hai , Wang Wen-Long , Wang Yun-Hong , Wu Yin-Hu , Xie Xing , Hu Hong-Ying
Published: March 2019

Powered by high-frequency AC, PDA-Cu3PNW-Cu electrodes enable complete microorganism disinfection in water with high efficiency for a 15 day continuous operation.
New insights into the metal-induced oxidative degradation pathways of transthyretin
Authors: Poltash Michael L. , Shirzadeh Mehdi , McCabe Jacob W. , Moghadamchargari Zahra , Laganowsky Arthur , Russell David H.
Published: March 2019

Native mass spectrometry reveals a metal-induced oxidation pathway of transthyretin leading to N-terminal backbone fragmentation and oligomer formation.
A theoretical study of several fully hydrogenated borophenes
Authors: Shao Li , Duan Xiangyang , Li Yan , Yuan Qingxin , Gao Bo , Ye Honggang , Ding Pei
Published: March 2019

Both δ3 and δ5 borophanes are semiconductors with indirect band gaps of 1.51 and 1.99 eV, respectively, determined by HSE06 calculations.
Functionalised tetrahydrofuran fragments from carbohydrates or sugar beet pulp biomass
Authors: Benhamou Laure , Foster Robert W. , Ward David P. , Wheelhouse Katherine , Sloan Lisa , Tame Christopher J. , Bučar Dejan-Krešimir , Lye Gary J. , Hailes Helen C. , Sheppard Tom D.
Published: March 2019

This paper describes the scalable synthesis of chiral functionalised tetrahydrofuran building blocks from readily available pentoses.
Iridium-catalysed highly selective reduction–elimination of steroidal 4-en-3-ones to 3,5-dienes in water
Authors: Li Jide , Tang Weiping , Ren Demin , Xu Jiaxi , Yang Zhanhui
Published: March 2019

An iridium-catalysed highly chemo- and regioselective reduction–elimination of steroidal 4-en-3-ones to 3,5-dienes in water is realized.
Synthesis of morphology-tunable electroactive biomass/graphene composites using metal ions for supercapacitors
Authors: Xiong Changlun , Zou Yubo , Peng Zhiyuan , Zhong Wenbin
Published: March 2019

Morphology-tunable 3D TA/graphene composites are prepared using metal ions as the morphology tuning agent, and they have promising applications in renewable energy storage devices.
Amphiphilic polymer coated nanodiamonds: a promising platform to deliver azonafide
Authors: Lai H. , Lu M. , Chen F. , Lalevée J. , Stenzel M. H. , Xiao P.
Published: March 2019

An amphiphilic polymer is grafted on nanodiamonds to improve the colloidal stability and to deliver an anticancer drug azonafide.
Rhodium(iii)-catalyzed tandem reaction: efficient synthesis of dihydrobenzo thiadiazine 1-oxide derivatives
Authors: Li Yang , Liu Chen-Fei , Liu Xin-Yang , Xu Yan-Jun , Dong Lin
Published: March 2019

A tandem annulation reaction triggered by rhodium(iii)-catalyzed C–H bond functionalizations has been well developed for highly efficient synthesis of dihydrobenzo thiadiazine 1-oxide derivatives from free NH-sulfoximine and two-component benzyl azides.
Thermal debinding behavior of a low-toxic DMAA polymer for gelcast ceramic parts based on TG-FTIR and kinetic modeling
Authors: Li Jing , Zhang Chuanfu , Yin Ruiming , Zhang Wenhai
Published: March 2019

This work successfully extends the distributed activation energy model (DAEM) and the three-Gaussian-DAEM-reaction model to thermal debinding kinetics analysis of gelcast SiAlON green parts.
A Zn:BiVO4/Mo:BiVO4 homojunction as an efficient photoanode for photoelectrochemical water splitting
Authors: Lee Jae Myeong , Baek Ji Hyun , Gill Thomas Mark , Shi Xinjian , Lee SangMyeong , Cho In Sun , Jung Hyun Suk , Zheng Xiaolin
Published: March 2019

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting has been extensively studied as a method to convert sunlight and water to hydrogen.
Electronic properties of heterogenized Ru(ii) polypyridyl photoredox complexes on covalent triazine frameworks
Authors: De Vos Arthur , Lejaeghere Kurt , Muniz Miranda Francesco , Stevens Christian V. , Van Der Voort Pascal , Van Speybroeck Veronique
Published: March 2019

Anchoring Ru(ii) polypyridyl complexes onto covalent triazine frameworks yields a versatile photocatalytic system with a charge transfer dependent on the nitrogen content.
Ultrathin mesoporous F-doped α-Ni(OH)2 nanosheets as an efficient electrode material for water splitting and supercapacitors
Authors: Hussain Nadeem , Yang Wenjuan , Dou Jianmin , Chen Yanan , Qian Yitai , Xu Liqiang
Published: March 2019

Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials with a high specific surface area and mesoporous nature are attractive and have wide applications in catalysis, energy storage systems, etc.
Novel high performance poly(p-phenylene benzobisimidazole) (PBDI) membranes fabricated by interfacial polymerization for H2 separation
Authors: Shan Meixia , Liu Xinlei , Wang Xuerui , Liu Zilong , Iziyi Hodayfa , Ganapathy Swapna , Gascon Jorge , Kapteijn Freek
Published: March 2019

Novel polybenzimidazole (PBDI) membranes with ultrahigh H2 separation performance were developed by a facile interfacial polymerization approach.
Parametric/fingerprinting integrated angle and location estimation using RSS from single multi‐antenna access point
Authors: Li You , He Zhe , Gao Zhouzheng , Zhuang Yuan , Chen Ruizhi , El‐Sheimy Naser
Published: March 2019

This Letter focuses on wireless angle determination and localisation using received signal strength (RSS) from single access point (AP) and alleviates two issues: (i) the existing single‐AP localisation methods are based on fingerprinting and thus are highly dependent on the completeness of database and (ii) it is difficult to estimate the AP‐device angle given RSS measurements because RSS is also distance‐dependent. In this Letter, a parametric/fingerprinting integrated angle‐determination method is presented by involving the antenna radiation pattern. The proposed method mitigates the degradation when tested points are located beyond the database, and removes the requirement for collecting training data at all possible points at each AP‐device angle; instead, only one point is needed at each angle.
Bildgebende Diagnostik kindlicher Knochenerkrankungen
Authors: Körber F. , Paquet S. , Semler O.
Published: March 2019

Der Knochen, insbesondere der des Kindes und des Jugendlichen, ist eine lebendige Substanz, die ständigen Umbauprozessen unterliegt. Angeborene Veränderungen können ebenso wie erworbene Erkrankungen das Gleichgewicht des normalen Knochenstoffwechsels stören. Welche Rolle die Bildgebung bei der Diagnostik dieser Erkrankungen spielt, wird im vorliegenden Beitrag erörtert.
Hämodialyse mit Heparin
Authors: Reshetnik Alexander
Published: March 2019

Der Kontakt des Blutes mit dem extrakorporalen Kreislauf hat eine prokoagulatorische Wirkung. Somit ist irgendeine Art der Gerinnungshemmung während der Hämodialyse notwendig. Die am meisten verwendete Methode ist die Gabe von Heparin in Form von unfraktioniertem oder niedermolekularem Heparin. Inzwischen gibt es definierte Vorgaben zu den Standarddosierungen und etablierte Methoden zum Monitoring der Wirksamkeit. Insbesondere beim Vorliegen von HIT II (heparininduzierte Thrombopenie Typ II) muss auf Alternativen umgestellt werden.
Dialyse ohne systemische Antikoagulation
Authors: van der Giet Markus
Published: March 2019

Die Aktivierung der Gerinnung beim Kontakt mit künstlichen Materialien ist ein großes Problem bei extrakorporalen Verfahren. Ohne aktive Unterdrückung der Koagulation, in der Regel durch Heparin, kommt es zu schnellen Gerinnungsereignissen mit folgendem Funktionsverlust der Dialysemembranen. V. a. Patienten mit Nierenersatztherapie haben durch den Nierenfunktionsverlust bereits eine Blutungsneigung, die durch den Einsatz von Heparin bei der Dialyse u. U. noch gesteigert wird. Da dies für einige Patienten lebensbedrohliche Ausmaße annehmen kann, hat man in den letzten 40 Jahren intensiv daran gearbeitet, wie man eine Dialyse auch ohne systemische Heparingabe durchführen kann. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden die Techniken des intensiven Spülens, des Beschichtens der Dialysemembran mit Heparin zur Verhinderung systemischer Gabe, aber auch neue Materialien mit und ohne gezielte Beschichtung durch Medikamente zur Verhinderung der Thrombozytenaggregation vorgestellt.
Neue Logistik fürs Kaufmännische: Medizintechnik kaufen mit knappen Budgets
Authors: Reisinger Kathrin
Published: March 2019

Ralf Bannwarth ist Leiter des Geschäftsbereiches Einkauf und Medizintechnik bei den Alb Fils Kliniken – und was er dort entwickelt hat, könnte so manch anderer Klinik bald als Vorbild dienen. Bannwarth nennt sein Projekt liebevoll „SEBPL“. kma sprach mit ihm über seinen „Strategischen Ersatzbeschaffungsplan Medizintechnik“.
Bioinspired Synthesis of the Central Core of Halichonadin H: The Passerini Reaction in a Hypothetical Biosynthesis of Marine Natural Products
Authors: Ichikawa Yoshiyasu , Yamasaki Toshiki , Nakanishi Keisuke , Udagawa Yutaro , Hosokawa Seijiro , Masuda Toshiya
Published: March 2019

A pathway is proposed for the biosynthesis of the unique homodimeric terpene, halichonadin H. The proposed biosynthetic pathway involves two key Passerini reactions of eudesmane-type terpene isocyanides. The Passerini reaction of a model terpene isocyanide and formaldehyde afforded an α-hydroxy acetamide, which was further subjected to oxidation and a second Passerini reaction. This reaction sequence furnished an α-hydroxy malonamide connected with two identical terpene units which is the identical structural motif found in halichonadin H.
Trichloroisocyanuric Acid Induced Chlorine Radical Cascade Chlorination­/Carbocyclization of Acrylamides: Constructing Chlorinated Oxindoles by C–Cl and C–C Bond-Forming Reactions
Authors: Su Yingpeng , Cao Lindan , Shi Ya , Feng Yawei , Xue Wenxuan , Cao Guiyan , Wang Ke-Hu , Huang Danfeng , Huo Congde , Hu Yulai
Published: March 2019

A metal- and additive-free strategy for the synthesis of oxindoles has been achieved through a chlorine radical-induced cascade chlorination/carbocyclization of N-aryl acrylamides. Trichloroiso­cyanuric acid (TCCA) is used as both radical initiator and chlorine source. A wide range of substrates can be applied in this process to directly afford chlorinated oxindoles via C–Cl and C–C bond formation.
Control of crystalline orientation of hot forged Nd-Fe-B magnet
Authors: Yamashita Osamu , Ichigozaki Daisuke , Kobuchi Dai , Shoji Tetsuya
Published: March 2019

Nd-Fe-B powder obtained by melt spinning was compacted, and then forged to produce a magnet with even magnetic properties. There is a strong correlation between the strain introduced to the magnet while it is being forged and the obtained magnetic properties. In general, such strain is unevenly introduced to the magnet owing to the friction generated between the mold and magnet. Consequently, the obtained magnetic properties also become uneven. We obtained even magnetic properties by defining the optimum shape before forging with the use of finite element method (FEM), choosing the optimum mold material and lubricant, and introducing strain evenly. From the viewpoint of decreasing friction, we used a smooth-surface ceramic mold and a graphite-based lubricant. If a ceramic mold with a normal shape is used, its corners are easily broken during forging because stress is concentrated at these corners. Ceramic molds are also extremely expensive. In this study, we configured a mold composed of ceramic plates in a simple shape. This approach successfully prevented the mold from being broken and kept the mold price low.
Comparison of deionized and tap water activated with an atmospheric pressure glow discharge
Authors: Li Xuechen , Li Xiaoni , Gao Kun , Liu Rui , Liu Renjing , Yao Xuerui , Gong Dandan , Su Zehua , Jia Pengying
Published: March 2019

Liquid-cathode discharge at atmospheric pressure has been excited by a direct current voltage above the surfaces of deionized and tap water. Gap voltage decreases with increasing discharge current, which suggests that the discharges above both the liquids belong to a normal glow regime. For a given discharge current, gap and power voltages of the discharge above deionized water are higher than those above tap water. The optical spectrum obtained from the water surface reveals that there are abundant active species related to oxygen, nitrogen, and water vapor, which leads to changes in the pH value, conductivity, and concentrations of NO3−, NO2−, and H2O2 in liquid. Therefore, these parameters are investigated in the two liquids as functions of discharge current and plasma activation time. For both of them, the results show that the pH value decreases, while conductivity increment and concentrations of NO3−, NO2−, and H2O2 increase with increasing discharge current or activation time. Compared to activated tap water, deionized water has a lower pH value, while higher conductivity increment and concentrations of NO3−, NO2−, and H2O2 are observed after the same activation time and discharge current. Finally, these parameters are compared for different salt types and salt concentrations after plasma activation.
Neutral oxygen-vacancy defect in cubic boron nitride: A plausible qubit candidate
Authors: Bian Guodong , Yuan Heng , Zhang Ning , Xu Lixia , Zhang Jixing , Fan Pengcheng , Wang Hailong , Zhang Chen , Shan Guangcun , Zhang Qianfan , Fang Jiancheng
Published: March 2019

Experimental feasibility of potential quantum sensing and computing applications based on the oxygen-vacancy defect (VBON center) in cubic boron nitride (c-BN) is theoretically predicted by means of first-principles calculations. The proposed VBON center consisting of a boron vacancy (VB) and an adjacent substitutional oxygen (ON) is a plausible qubit candidate, which is isoelectronic to the NV− center in diamond. We found that the neutral paramagnetic VBON center is spin-triplet and exists mainly in p-type c-BN. The results demonstrate that the zero-field splitting of the neutral VBON center in the ground state falls within the microwave range and has a value of approximately 2980 MHz. Furthermore, the neutral VBON center hyperfine interactions in the ground state are determined to be in the tens of MHz. It is anticipated that our results will pave the way for the neutral VBON center acting as a scalable platform for implementing quantum information processing, sensing, and beyond.
Quasi-phase-matched second harmonic generation of UV light using AlN waveguides
Authors: Alden Dorian , Troha Tinkara , Kirste Ronny , Mita Seiji , Guo Qiang , Hoffmann Axel , Zgonik Marko , Collazo Ramón , Sitar Zlatko
Published: March 2019

As an alternative to electrically injected diodes, UV light emission can be obtained via second harmonic generation (SHG). In weakly birefringent materials such as aluminum nitride (AlN), the phase matching of the driving and second harmonic waves can be achieved by the quasi-phase-matching (QPM) technique, where the polarity of the material is periodically changed commensurate with the coherence wavelength. QPM also allows the use of the highest nonlinear susceptibility, and therefore, higher conversion efficiencies are possible. In this work, the QPM SHG of UV light in AlN lateral polar structure-based waveguides is demonstrated. The peak intensity of the frequency doubled laser light was measured at 344 nm and 472 nm wavelengths, in agreement with dispersion-based theoretical predictions. These results confirm the potential of III-nitride-based lateral polar structures for quasi-phase-matched nonlinear optics and for frequency doubling media for UV light generation.
Accelerated hole-extraction in carbon-electrode based planar perovskite solar cells by moisture-assisted post-annealing
Authors: Yan Jiaqi , Lin Siyuan , Qiu Xincan , Chen Hui , Li Kangming , Yuan Yongbo , Long Mengqiu , Yang Bingchu , Gao Yongli , Zhou Conghua
Published: March 2019

Moisture-assisted post-annealing was performed on carbon-electrode based planar perovskite solar cells so as to improve the hole-extraction process. It was observed that, after being annealed at a relative humidity of 30% for 2 h, the short-circuit current density, fill factor, and open circuit voltage were all improved, leading to an improvement of 21.75% of power conversion efficiency [from 10.53 (±0.98)% to 12.82 (±1.07)%, with the optimized one at 14.77% for reverse scanning]. The transient photovoltage/photocurrent decay measurement and impedance spectroscopy study showed that, after being annealed at a relative humidity of 30%, the charge extraction rate was accelerated and charge transfer resistance was reduced, while recombination between photo-generated charges was retarded. Scanning electron microscopy studies indicated that voids were reduced between the perovskite film and the carbon electrode, which was ascribed to the re-coarsening process of the perovskite during the post-annealing process as revealed by the X-ray diffraction study. The improved contact accelerated hole-extraction between the perovskite film and the carbon electrode and then upgraded device performance.
An excellent performance of a C-Te OTS device with amorphous Ge interfacial layer for selector application
Authors: Chekol Solomon Amsalu , Song Jeonghwan , Yoo Jongmyung , Lim Seokjae , Hwang Hyunsang
Published: March 2019

The effect of the interfacial layer on the reliability and off-current of a C-Te-based Ovonic threshold switching (OTS) device is investigated. By introducing an amorphous Ge (a-Ge) layer between both the top and bottom electrodes and the OTS film, a nearly 2-order of off-current reduction is confirmed. This could be attributed to the formation of a virtual electrode in the a-Ge layer that can scale down the effective area and localize electric field in a specific region. Area independent current-voltage characteristics were observed in the a-Ge introduced device while the without the barrier shows area dependent behavior, thus supporting the presence of a relatively small conductive filament that can act as a virtual electrode in the a-Ge inserted device. In addition, variabilities of the threshold voltage, hold voltage, and off-current are considerably improved owing to the confinement of the electric field. Transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy analyses were employed to reveal the role of Ge at the interface. The findings are further supported by simulation using the thermally assisted hopping model.
Preparation and Characterization of a PVDF Membrane Modified by an Ionic Liquid
Authors: Bei Pengzhi , Liu Hongjing , Yao Hui , Jiao Yang , Wang Yuanyuan , Guo Liying
Published: March 2019

In order to enhance the hydrophobicity of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) porous membranes, the blending of PVDF with a hydrophobic ionic liquid (IL) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([Bmim][PF6]) was carried out. The modified PVDF membranes with [Bmim][PF6] were fabricated through a non-solvent induced phase inversion using lithium chloride as a porogen in the PVDF casting solution. The effects of [Bmim][PF6] on the membrane characteristics were investigated. FT-IR analysis indicates that the IL is successfully retained by the PVDF membrane. Thermogravimetric analysis reveals that the optimum temperature of the modified membrane is below 300°C. Scanning electron microscopy pictures show that modified membranes have more homogeneous and larger diameter pores with a mean pore size of 0.521µm and porosity of 78%. By measuring the IL leaching during the membrane fabrication, it was found that the modified membrane does not lose IL. Atomic force microscopy shows that the roughness of the modified membrane surface increases slightly, but the contact angle of the modified membrane increases significantly from 88.1° to 110.1°. The reason for this is that the fluorine-containing IL has a low surface energy, which can enhance the hydrophobicity of the membrane. Finally, by comparing modified membranes with different IL concentrations, we draw a conclusion that the modified membrane with an IL concentration of 3 wt-% has the best properties of pore size, porosity, and hydrophobicity.
A meta-analysis of published semivariograms to determine sample size requirements for assessment of heavy metal concentrations at contaminated sites
Authors: Pozza L. E. , Bishop T. F. A.
Published: March 2019

Soil contamination poses substantial risks to human and ecosystem health, justifying the need for accurate delineation and remediation of contaminated sites. The number of soil samples collected at a site during assessment is limited by cost and time available for assessment, increasing the potential for misclassification due to insufficient samples. Using distributions of heavy metals sourced from semivariograms provided in published studies, the first stage of this study sought to determine how many samples were required for the confidence interval around the mean to be above or below the Australian guideline value for each specific metal and study. Estimated sample size for assessing mean contamination across a site ranged from two to four samples; however, some distributions possessed a higher amount of variation and therefore required more samples. The second stage of the investigation explored sample size requirements for mapping contaminated sites. Unconditional Gaussian simulations created from published semivariograms were sampled using 15 different sample sizes, and the samples used to obtain predictions of the simulated distributions. For each sample, observed (simulated) and predicted (kriged) metal concentrations were classed as being below or exceeding the guideline values and compared through quantification of the number of misclassifications that occurred. When mapping a site of 5 km2 or less, uncertainty and misclassification decreased with increasing sample size, stabilising at around 200 samples; however, the lowest uncertainty occurred at around 500 samples. The study acknowledges this may be unrealistic and economically inefficient, so in addition to these findings it is worth exploring improvement in other areas of investigation, such as in the detection and mapping stages.
Changes in infant-directed speech and song are related to preterm infant facial expression in the neonatal intensive
care unit
Authors: Filippa Manuela , Gratier Maya , Devouche Emmanuel , Grandjean Didier
Published: March 2019

In their first weeks of life preterm infants are deprived of developmentally appropriate stimuli, including their
mother’s voice. The current study explores the immediate association of two preterm infant behaviours (open eyes or smiling) with
the quality of a mother’s infant-directed speech and singing. Participants are 20 mothers who are asked to speak and sing to their
medically stable infants placed in incubators. Eighty-four vocal samples are extracted when they occur in the presence of an
infant’s behavioural display and compared with random selections during periods of absence of target behavioural display. The
results show that infant-directed maternal voice presents more marked emotional qualities when infants display a behavioural
change than when infants are passive and expressionless. Specifically, higher values of mean pitch and maximum sound pressure
level, as well as greater variability of these parameters are associated with a behavioural display.