bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MODERN PEDAGOGICAL DISCOURSE BY HRYHORII SKOVORODA
Authors:   Kyiv Institute of Business and Technology, Kyiv, Ukraine, Tkachenko T. І.
Published: January 2024

The article devotes to the study of prominent dominants in the vision of the educational process by the outstanding Ukrainian philosopher-traveler Hryhorii Skovoroda (1722–1794). It focuses on highlighting the basic principles of educational activities, stages, components, specifics of the choice, beginning and results. The paper analyzes the concepts of “pupil schoolchild/student” and “teacher/educator/lecturer” in personal, social, national and universal aspects. It reveals the meaning of the specified definitions thanks to the study of the formal and content components of the works, in particular. The author raises the important range of topics and problems, the uniqueness of the presentation with the dominance of certain types of speech, addresses. He uses permanent artistic figurative and expressive means, multidimensional images, metaphors, symbols. The investigation emphasizes intertextual accents, Socratic dialogue. It highlights features of character development and the selection of heroes to express prominent ideas. The work clarifies the features of the idiostyle and the dominant worldview of Hryhorii Savych Skovoroda.
HRYHORY SKOVORODA’S PEDAGOGICAL VIEWS THROUGHTHE PRISM OF THE NEW UKRAINIAN SCHOOL
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Shyshkova A. О.
Published: January 2024

Personality of Hryhorii Savych Skovoroda exists outside of time and space, and constantly surprises us with a sharp mind, far-sightedness and relevance of ideas. We can make such a conclusion according not on his literary heritage only, but also on the pedagogical beliefs and admonitions. Analyzing philosopher’s pedagogical ideas, we can see clear parallels with today’s tendencies in the development of education, in particular, the problems solved by the New Ukrainian School. The presented article highlights some of the main H. S. Skovoroda’s pedagogical views, which are reflected in the system of the New Ukrainian School.
An experimental and computational study of through-depth strain distribution during frictional treatment of a metastable austenitic steel
Authors:   Institute of Engineering Science, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Goruleva L. S. , Zadvorkin S. M. ,   Institute of Engineering Science, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vichuzhanin D. I. ,   Institute of Engineering Science, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Savrai R. A. ,   Institute of Engineering Science, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Skorynina P. A. ,   Institute of Engineering Science, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: January 2024

Frictional treatment, as a method of surface plastic deformation, forms a gradient hardened layer. In the case of metastable steels, this hardening is due, among other things, to the formation of strain-induced α'-martensite. The most reliable information about the thickness of this hardened layer can be obtained by measuring the hardness on transverse sections. This paper compares strain distribution through the depth of the hardened layer, obtained from layer-by-layer phase analysis and finite element modeling, with the data of durametric studies for the AISI 321 metastable steel subjected to frictional treatment under various loads on the indenter. A satisfactory coincidence of the distributions of the α'-phase concentration and hardness through the depth is observed only for the specimen subjected to frictional treatment at a maximum load of 400 N on the indenter. At the other loads on the indenter, the thickness of the layer containing α'-martensite is lower than the thickness of the hardened layer estimated from the durametric studies. In contrast, it is shown that, for all the loads applied to the indenter during frictional treatment, the through-depth distributions of the calculated values of equivalent plastic strain obtained from finite element modeling agree satisfactorily with the experimental hardness values.
The possibilities of rapid testing of steel elements in reinforced concrete
Authors:   M. N. Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Reutov Yu. Ya. , Pudov V. I. ,   M. N. Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: January 2024

An electromagnetic device has been developed for rapid testing of ferromagnetic reinforcement in reinforced concrete structures. The device consists of two flat frame magnetizing coils and a receiver of the stray magnetic field from the magnetized reinforcement. Numerical simulation of the proposed device has been performed, allowing one to select the optimal ratio of its dimensions and evaluate its expected characteristics. The possibility of receiving a signal functionally related to a change in the reinforcement diameter is shown.
Intravitreal injection of conbercept for diabetic macular edema complicated with diabetic nephropathy
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, China, Zhu Yuan-Zhang , Wang Wen-Ying ,   Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, China, Ma Qing-Yue ,   Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, China, Yi Wen-Dan ,   Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, China, Yao Ning-Ning ,   Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, China, Liu Yi-Chong ,   Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, China, Gao Xiao-Di ,   Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, China, Zhang Qian ,   Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, China, Luo Wen-Juan ,   Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, China
Published: January 2024

AIM: To observe the therapeutic effect of conbercept on diabetic macular edema (DME) complicated with diabetic nephropathy (DN).
METHODS: In this retrospective study, 54 patients (54 eyes) that diagnosed as DME from January 2017 to October 2021 were collected. The patients were divided into two groups: DME patients with DN (25 eyes), and DME patients without DN (29 eyes). General conditions were collected before treatment, laboratory tests include fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, microalbumin/creatinine, serum creatinine. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was used to check the ellipsoidal zone (EZ) and external limiting membrane (ELM) integrity. Central macular thickness (CMT), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and retinal hyperreflective foci (HF) as well as numbers of injections were recorded.
RESULTS: There were significant differences between fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, serum creatinine, urinary microalbumin/creatinine, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) between the two groups (all P<0.05). EZ and ELM continuity in the DME+DN group was worse than that in the DME group (P<0.05). BCVA (logMAR) in the DME group was significantly better than that in the DME+DN group at the same time points during treatment (all P<0.05). CMT and HF values were significantly higher in the DME+DN group than that in the DME group at the all time points (all P<0.05) and significantly decreased in both groups with time during treatment. At 6mo after treatment, the mean number of injections in the DME+DN and DME group was 4.84±0.94 and 3.79±0.86, respectively.
CONCLUSION: Conbercept has a significant effect in short-term treatment of DME patients with or without DN, and can significantly ameliorate BCVA, CMT and the number of HF, treatment efficacy of DME patients without DN is better than that of DME patients with DN.
The Expression Analysis of MEST1 and GJA1 Genes in Gastric Cancer in Association with Clinicopathological Characteristics
Authors: Pourjamal Nooshin , Shirkoohi Reza , Rohani Elham , Hashemi Mehrdad
Published: January 2024

Background: Gastric cancer is an invasive cancer, which is usually diagnosed in advanced stages. However, the markers affecting its progression, and invasion are of great importance in its diagnosis and treatment. The current research aimed to study the correlation of genes that contributed to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), Mest1, and GjA1, with some clinicopathological specifications in gastric cancer patients to better comprehend the functions of these genes in this tumor.
Materials and Methods: RNA was extracted from the tumor, and normal tissues and cDNA were synthesized. Then, by designing specific primers for Gja1 and Mest1 genes, their expressions were studied by RT-PCR. The data was analyzed by GraphPad Prism 8 software.
Results: Significant differences among the expressions of mentioned genes associated with clinicopathological variables of gastric cancer patients, including tumor size, grade, stage, metastasis, and lymphatic invasion were seen.
Conclusion: The obtained data showed the important role of EMT-related genes, Gja1 and Mest1 in the clinical progression of the tumor. Further studies with larger sample sizes are required to confirm these genes as biomarker candidates for detecting gastric cancer.
The Effect of Tumor Resection and Radiotherapy on the Expression of Stem Cell Markers (CD44 and CD133) in Patients with Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Paya Ladan , Rafat Ali , Talebi Mehdi , Aghbali Amirala , Shahidi Nikzad , Nejati Babak , Emamverdizadeh Parya , Charoudeh Hojjatollah Nozad
Published: January 2024

Background: Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas (HNSCCs) are heterogeneous malignancies that comprise 90% of the head and neck cancers. HNSCCs originate from the mucosal lining epithelium of the upper aerodigestive tract. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) that generate HNSCCs with the CD44, CD133, and ALDH phenotype and are resistant to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. In the current, the quantitative alteration in CD44 and CD133 expression pre- and post-tumor resection and radiotherapy was evaluated in HNSCC patients. Moreover, the alterations in the expression of Bax, Bak, Bcl-2, ALDH, and PTEN genes were measured.
Materials and Methods: Flow cytometry was performed to evaluate the alterations in CD44 and CD133 surface markers pre- and posttumor resection and radiotherapy. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) was conducted to investigate the mRNA expression levels of Bax, Bak, Bcl-2, ALDH, and PTEN.
Results: The results indicated that the cancer stem cell CD44 surface marker significantly decreased after tumor resection and radiotherapy in HNSCC cases, while the decrease was insignificant for CD133 marker expression. mRNA expression level of Bcl-2 and ALDH was increased, but Bax and Bak gene expressions were reduced significantly
Conclusion: The results also indicated that the expression of CD44 significantly decreased after tumor resection and radiotherapy. The upregulation of mRNA level of Bcl-2 and ALDH, and the downregulation of Bax and Bak gene expression were noted in these cases when compared to the healthy control group.
Modeling of well performance during oil reservoir development on the elastic-water-drive mode using regression analysis
Authors: Afanaskin Ivan V. , Volpin Sergej G. , Yudin Valerij A. , Kryganov Pavel V. , Glushakov Aleksej A.
Published: January 2024

One of the important tasks of analyzing oil field development is predicting well performance. For this purpose, displacement characteristics are often used, which represent the dependence of some indicators on others. To determine the parameters of these dependencies, regression analysis of historical data is used. Dependences of the choice of watering production wells with water pumped into injection wells, water or the law of the exhausted aquifer.
A feature of displacement characteristics is generally considered to be that they can only be used when fluid flows in the formation are established. This is due to the fact that with the classical approach, displacement of characteristics is not observed in the explicit form of well interference. Therefore, the search for displacement characteristics, with the help of which we can talk about the mutual influence of wells, is an important factor. This is the subject of this work.
Water cut and water-oil ratio (WOR) are related by a well-known formula. The paper proposes regression models for WOR. They obtained the result taking into account the classical logic of the WOR from accumulated oil production.
Water cut is calculated from water saturation. The proposed regression models of water saturation are based on the analysis of equations of theories of two-phase filtration in difference form.
11 watering models were studied, two including classical ones and 9 new ones. Dependencies for reservoir and bottomhole pressures were also developed. The proposed models are intended to analyze the operation of wells during the development of an oil reservoir in an elastic-water-pressure mode. The models were tested on a real field and their effectiveness was analyzed. Some new models perform well in a selection of tests. In particular, all the proposed models give better results than the classical model: the logarithm of the water-oil ratio from the accumulation of oil production.
ГИПОНАТРИЕМИЯ И ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ САРКОПЕНИИ У ПАЦИЕНТОВ, ПОЛУЧАЮЩИХ ХРОНИЧЕСКИЙ ГЕМОДИАЛИЗ
Authors:   «Военно-медицинская академия имени С.М. Кирова» Министерства обороны Российской Федерации, Цыган В.Н. , Борискина О.Л. ,   «Военно-медицинская академия имени С.М. Кирова» Министерства обороны Российской Федерации, Яковенко А.А. ,   «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова»
Published: January 2024

Гипонатриемия может приводить к ухудшению функций центральной нервной системы и работы мышечной системы. Результаты опубликованных исследований подтверждают важность раннего выявления и лечения гипонатриемии как фактора риска возрастных заболеваний и ухудшения качества жизни пожилых людей. Хронической болезни почек (ХБП) соответствуют как электролитные нарушения, так и повреждение скелетных мышц, однако на данный момент недостаточно публикаций, описывающих взаимосвязь гипонатриемии и саркопении для понимания патогенетических механизмов развития вторичной саркопении при ХБП и определения возможных путей ее коррекции. Цель работы - проанализировать взаимосвязь гипонатриемии и саркопении как патологического состояния, характеризующегося снижением массы и функции скелетных мышц, у пациентов с терминальной почечной недостаточностью, получающих лечение хроническим гемодиализом. Проведено рутинное обследование и мониторинг биохимических показателей, включая уровень натрия сыворотки крови, выполнены динамометрия, четырёхметровый тест и биоимпедансометрия для определения саркопении согласно критериям EWGSOP2 у 196 пациентов с диагнозом ХБП С5, получающих терапию хроническим гемодиализом более одного года. У 47 (24%) участников выявлена гипонатриемия легкой степени. При этом у женщин она встречалась чаще, чем у мужчин – 63,8 и 36,2% соответственно (χ2=5,086, р=0,024) и не зависела от возраста p=0,176. Саркопения была диагностирована у 119 пациентов (60,7%). Выявлены статистически значимые различия в силе кисти, аппендикулярной массе скелетной мускулатуры (АМСМ) и индексе аппендикулярной массы скелетной мускулатуры (ИАМСМ) в зависимости от уровня натрия. Проведен логистический регрессионный анализ, в котором показано, что уровень натрия может рассматриваться в качестве предиктора саркопении у пациентов, получающих лечение хроническим гемодиализом.
A study on improving field response capabilities of the riot police
Authors:   Korean Association of Public Safety and Criminal Justice, Park Heekyun , Jung Jaehoon
Published: January 2024

The number of rallies and demonstrations in which police forces are mobilized is approximately 10,000 cases occurring every year and is not decreasing significantly. Meanwhile, the auxiliary police system was abolished in may 2023, and the replacement rate for the auxiliary police with the experience of riot police squads composed of qualified police officers has been found to be around 30%. In other words, we are faced with a reality where we lack experience in managing and responding to rallies and demonstrations. Although the 2024 Korea National Police Agency budget reflects the purchase of some equipment needed to manage rallies and demonstrations, there appears to be no plans to increase manpower for riot police officer. This study was conducted to improve the on-site response capabilities of the riot police squad at a time when qualitative preparation of the riot police squad was recently needed. In order to achieve the purpose of the study, survey data with guaranteed representativeness was used from September to October 2022, using current riot police officers as a population to determine organizational and work appropriateness as perceived by riot police officers, ways to improve on-site response capabilities, and necessary maneuver equipment etc. were checked. It was found that riot police officers in the Seoul area perceive that their workload was greater than that of other regions and the current staff was insufficient. In relation to improving on-site response capabilities, riot police officers recognized the need for equipment introduction, manpower expansion, education and training, and physical training in that order, and responded that equipment introduction should be the top priority. In addition, it was recognized that there was a high need for maneuver equipment that could replace career vehicles, such as sanitary vehicles, new steel and folding police-line, trailer-type safety fences, and barrier trucks. Considering these results, it was suggested that there is a need to prioritize regions with a high number of rallies and demonstrations to staff up experienced riot police officer, and to selectively provide necessary equipment for each region to improve on-site response capabilities.
A Study on the Exercise of Police Force against Violent and Fatal Attack
Authors:   Korean Association of Public Safety and Criminal Justice, Park Yang Jae , Choi Eung Ryul
Published: January 2024

Since November 24, 2019, the police force regulations, “Rules on Standards and Methods of Using Police”, have been in effect. According to this rule, police determine that the act to be reported is ‘cooperative control’ at the ‘compliance’ stage, ‘contact control’ at the ‘passive resistance’ stage, ‘low-risk physical force’ at the ‘active resistance’ stage, and ‘medium-risk physical force’ at the ‘violent attack’ stage, ‘high-risk physical force’ is being used at the ‘fatal attack’ stage. The use of physical force by front-line police officers is active when the behavior of the person being reported is in the ‘compliance’, ‘passive resistance’, and ‘active resistance’ stages. However, it is not possible to be active when using ‘medium-risk physical force’ at the violent attack stage or ‘high-risk physical force’ at the fatal attack stage. The reasons why police officers on the front lines hesitate to use physical force in the event of a violent or fatal attack by a person to be reported are the criminal, civil, and administrative responsibilities they will experience after using physical force, and the「Police Officers Execution of Duties Act」and 「Rules on Standards and Methods of Exercise of Police Force」. This study was analyzed using a literature research method, and interview data from fellow police officers while working as a team leader at the police box was used as supplementary material. We presented a realistic plan for front-line police officers to actively use physical force in the event of violent or fatal attacks. As improvement measures, it was proposed to expand the reasons for reduction of sentences due to performance of police duties, revise the「Police Officers Execution of Duties Act」and 「Rules on Standards and Methods of Exercise of Police Force」, and improve the police baton, which is a police equipment.
Topological optimization of structures with thermomechanical loading under compliance constraints for 3D printing applications
Authors: Mojiri Soroush , Shafiei Alireza , Nourollahi Amin
Published: January 2024

Currently, due to the high costs of production and expensive raw materials, approaches, including, making models smaller and lighter, are especially considered in the design of structures. In order to better describe the capabilities, efficiency, and limitations of an innovative field in design methodology, called topology optimization, various practical problems under different loadings and boundary conditions were evaluated in this study. Optimization algorithms were used in ANSYS software for the optimization of a cantilever beam under static loading, double-girder beam and a dome-shaped geometry under static and thermal loading, a hot fluid transfer tee and an engine exhaust manifold under static loading and convection heat transfer. The results showed that the reduced volume in the final models were equal to 52.88%, 50.05%, 51.85%, and 35.02%, respectively. Consequently, this reduced volume causes some increase in the tension, and displacement of the final model, which the designer can adjust them according to the limitations governing the problem. Furthermore, the amount of increase in the average value of the stress in the cantilever beam, double-girder beam, and dome-shaped geometry were 88, 800, and 6 MPa, and the average amount of displacement in these samples increased by 10.2%, 200%, and 3.3%, respectively. Unforeseen challenges, and manufacturability of optimized problems were investigated by 3D printing of a dome-shaped model using the FDM method, which illustrated that the output product has a suitable level of accuracy and smoothness. Subsequently, by using supporting structures, three-dimensional holes were created with proper precision in the 3D-printed sample, which satisfied the manufacturability of relatively complex models without using traditional production methods.
Monthly Hydropower Scheduling of Cascaded Reservoirs Using Genetic Algorithm with Simulation Procedure
Authors: Baima Deji , Qian Guoyuan , Luo Jingzhen , Wang Pengcheng , Zheng Hao , Wang Jinwen
Published: January 2024

This study introduces an innovative approach for the monthly hydropower scheduling of cascaded reservoirs in the Jinsha River, China, utilizing a Genetic Algorithm (GA) with a simulation procedure. The proposed methodology incorporates a field-leveling (FL) procedure within the GA framework, employing push-and-pull strategies to enhance the efficiency and quality of feasible solutions, particularly when guided by spillage minimization. The study sequentially optimizes firm yield, total energy, and spillage in order of priority. Comparative analyses with a Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP) model demonstrate the superiority of GA in achieving an 8.3% improvement in firm yield at the highest priority despite higher spillage. Additionally, the study explores the convergence behavior of the GA procedure, highlighting its efficiency. The results emphasize the significance of spillage minimization in FL for preserving firm yield and present a comprehensive analysis of the scheduling outcomes for different hydrological scenarios, providing valuable insights for optimizing hydropower generation in cascaded reservoir systems.
Development of a Prognostic Model Based on Lysosome-Related Genes for Ovarian Cancer: Insights into Tumor Microenvironment, Mutation Patterns, and Personalized Treatment Strategies
Authors: Sun Ran , Li Siyi , Ye Wanlu , Lu Yanming
Published: January 2024

Background: Ovarian cancer (OC) is often associated with an unfavorable prognosis. Given the crucial involvement of lysosomes in tumor advancement, lysosome-related genes (LRGs) hold promise as potential therapeutic targets.
Methods: To identify differentially expressed lysosome-related genes (DE-LRGs), we performed a matching analysis between differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in OC and the pool of LRGs. Genes with prognostic significance were analyzed using multiple regression analyses to construct a prognostic risk signature. The model's efficacy was validated through survival analysis in various cohorts. We further explored the model's correlation with clinical attributes, tumor microenvironment (TME), mutational patterns, and drug sensitivity. The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) validated gene expression in OC cells.
Results: A 10-gene prognostic risk signature was established. Survival analysis confirmed its predictive accuracy across cohorts. The signature served as an independent prognostic element for OC. The high-risk and low-risk groups demonstrated notable disparities in terms of immune infiltration patterns, mutational characteristics, and sensitivity to therapeutic agents. The qRT-PCR results corroborated and validated the findings obtained from the bioinformatic analyses.
Conclusions: We devised a 10-LRG prognostic model linked to TME, offering insights for tailored OC treatments.
Is the Individual Idiolect Substantially a Genetic Inheritance?
Authors: Murphy Terence Patrick
Published: January 2024

Although stylometric studies tends to situate itself within the field of forensic analysis, most stylometricians appear averse to considering genetic explanations for their findings. Instead, they try to work with a range of what they construe as environmental factors in attempting to understand the clustering of individual authorial idiolects. However, researchers in behavioral genetics have demonstrated that the traits for cognitive abilities, including language ability, are among the most heritable. In this paper, I set out the major postulate and eight corollaries for the genetic hypothesis and the major postulate and five corollaries for the environmental hypothesis for explaining the clustering of individual idiolects in dendrogram analysis, using stylo in R. Using a corpus of Anglo-American modernist poetry, I then demonstrate that the individual idiolects of each of the Sitwell siblings—Edith, Osbert and Sacheverell—cluster together. In this way, I aim to help researchers decide which of the two hypotheses is the most likely explanation for the attested idiolectal similarities among the members of a number of important British and French literary families.
Modular system pond cultivation model for the survival of milkfish (Chanos chanos): case study of Pangkajene Kepulauan Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Sambu Abdul Haris , Burhanuddin Burhanuddin , Malik Abdul , Tamrin Tamrin
Published: January 2024

This study aims to to analyze survival rates in milkfish modular cultivation systems and their correlation with fluctuations in temperature and salt content. The modular system method was used, with three plots: plot A as the nursery plot, plot B as the first rearing plot, and plot C as the enlargement plot 2. The research was conducted over one year with three maintenance cycles, each cycle lasting four months. The organisms were placed in plot A for a period of 1–8 months. Thus, in one year, plot A gets the opportunity to rest for four months while preparing, then in grow-out plot 1 and grow-out plot 2 for two months each, so that each grow-out plot gets the opportunity to rest while preparing for the next maintenance cycle. Results revealed the temperature, salt content, pH, and dissolved oxygen were within the optimal range, with an average value of 29.40C., pH of 6.9, and dissolved oxygen of 31 ppm. However, the salt content fluctuated a lot, with values ranging between 5 and 45 ppt with an average value of 26.9 ppm. The average survival rate was 91% with a correlation of R2 = 0.906 (cycle 1), 95% with a correlation of R2 = 0.890 (cycle 2), and 97% with a correlation of R2 = 0.997 (cycle 3). To conclude, the modular cultivation system, apart from increasing survival rates, can also improve the pond soil environment. This system is highly suitable as a promising approach for sustainable fisheries development in the region.
The Effect of Intra Spinal Administration of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles on Central pain mechanism: An Experimental Study Running Title: CeONP Administration Effect on Chronic Pain
Authors: Mostaar Ahmad , Behroozi Zahra , Nezhad Ali Motamed , Hajimirzaei Pooya , Mojarad Negin , Ramezani Fatemeh , Janzadeh Atousa
Published: January 2024

Background: Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeONPs) have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory attributes. This study investigated its effect on central neuropathic pain (NP), which is resistant to treatment, along with part of the mechanism of action.
Materials and Methods: The compressive method of spinal cord injury (SCI) model was used for pain induction. For that purpose, three groups were formed by a random allocation of 24 rats. In the treatment group, CeONPs were injected above and below the lesion site immediately after inducing SCI. We evaluated pain symptoms using acetone, Radian Heat, and Von Frey tests weekly for six weeks. Finally, we counted fibroblasts using H & E staining. We evaluated the expression of Connexin43 (a pain marker), GAD65 (an anti-pain marker), and HDAC2 (an epigenetic marker of pain) proteins using the western blot method. The analysis of results was done by PRISM software.
Results: At the end of the study, we found CeONPs reduced pain symptoms to levels similar to those observed in normal animals. CeONPs also increased the expression of GAD65 and CX43 proteins but did not affect HDAC2 inhibition.
Conclusion: Our study suggests CeONPs have a pain-alleviating effect on chronic pain, which is likely achieved by preventing the reduction of GAD65 and CX43 protein expression and inhibiting the entry of fibroblasts. These findings give us a new understanding of the potential therapeutic applications of CeONPs for NP management. Further research is needed to validate these findings and explore the optimal dosage and administration of CeONPs for NP treatment.
İstanbul İçin Sıcak ve Soğuk Sezon Orajlarının Analizi
Authors: BAŞPINAR Muhammed , YAVUZ Veli
Published: January 2024

Oraj (TS), atmosferik kararsızlık sonucu dikey gelişimli Cumulonimbus (Cb) bulutlarında oluşan, 1 - 100 km mekânsal çözünürlüğe (mezo-ölçek) sahip, kuvvetli sağanak yağış, dolu, şimşek, yıldırım, hortum, türbülans ve rüzgar hamlesi ile karakterize edilen şiddetli hava fenomenidir. Nemli ve kararsız hava kütlelerinin yükselip yoğuşması sonucu meydana gelen bu fenomen, ülkemizde genellikle ilkbahar ve yaz başlarında meydana gelmektedir. Fakat son yıllarda, yaz ortalarında, sonbahar başlarında ve hatta kış aylarında da bu hadiseler sık yaşanır hale gelmiştir. Bu çalışmada, İstanbul için 2013-2022 yıllarını kapsayan 10 yıllık periyot dahilinde, sıcak sezon (Mayıs-Eylül) ve soğuk sezon (Ekim-Nisan) orajlarının karakteristikleri incelenmiş ve meydana geldiği atmosferik koşullar ortaya konulmuştur. Çalışmada orajlı zamanların tespiti için Sabiha Gökçen Uluslararası Havalimanı havacılık rasatları kullanılmış, yukarı seviye atmosferik parametrelere ait verilerin temini için İstanbul Kartal Radyosonde İstasyonu verileri analiz edilmiştir. Her iki dönem için de orajların tekil ya da herhangi bir hadise ile birlikte meydana gelip gelmediği incelenmiş ve istatistikleri ortaya konulmuştur. Periyot dahilinde orajların gün içi, aylık ve yıllık bazda analizleri gerçekleştirilmiş, sıcak ve soğuk sezon için ayrı ayrı meteorolojik parametrelerde meydana gelen değişimler istatistiksel olarak sunulmuştur. Sıcaklık, çiy noktası sıcaklığı, rüzgar şiddeti, rüzgar yönü ve bağıl nem gibi meteorolojik parametreler hem sıcak hem de soğuk sezon orajları için istatistiksel olarak analiz edilmiştir. Ayrıca, toplamda sekiz adet termodinamik indeks ve atmosferik kararlılık parametresi kullanılarak, sıcak ve soğuk sezon orajlarının her bir indeks ve parametredeki ortalama değişimleri incelenmiştir.
6 Şubat 2023 Depremi Sonrası Geçici Barınma Uygulamaları: Gaziantep Nurdağı Örneği
Authors: GİYİK Cafer
Published: January 2024

Afetler, doğrudan veya dolaylı olarak insanlar ve insan yerleşmeleri üzerinde fiziksel, ekonomik, sosyal ve çevresel kayıplara neden olan, normal yaşamı ve insan faaliyetlerini durdurarak veya kesintiye uğratarak toplulukları etkileyen doğal, teknolojik veya insan kökenli olayların sonuçlarıdır. Doğal afetler çeşitli olsa da zarar oranı ve etkilenen insan sayısı açısından Türkiye’de en çok; deprem afeti hasar yaratmaktadır. Öte yandan heyelan, sel, kaya düşmesi, çığ ve orman yangınları da önemli ölçüde hasar ve ekonomik kayıp oluşturmaktadır. Bir deprem ülkesi olan Türkiye’de son olarak 6 Şubat 2023 tarihinde Kahramanmaraş’ta,7 Mw Hatay Kırıkhan’da da 7,6 Mw büyüklüğünde iki yıkıcı deprem meydana gelmiştir. Bu depremler Malatya, Kahramanmaraş, Adıyaman, Gaziantep, Şanlıurfa, Diyarbakır, Hatay, Adana, Osmaniye, Kilis ve civar illerde etkili olurken 50.399 kişi hayatını kaybetmiş 1.279.727 yapı (bağımsız bölüm) hasar görmüştür. Bu çalışmanın amacı, afet bölgelerinde afet sonrası geçici barınma uygulamaları kapsamında neler yapıldığı ve bu alanların oluşturulmasında hangi yöntemlerin kullanıldığına ilişkin tespitler yapmaktır. Çalışmada depremden en çok etkilenen yerleşimlerden biri olan Gaziantep ilinin Nurdağı İlçesindeki geçici barınma uygulamaları incelenmiştir. Bu kapsamda ilçede oluşturulan Çadır, Konteyner, yığma yapı gibi prefabrik ve geçici barınma alanlarının nitelikleri, yeterlilik düzeyi ve işlevleri hususunda da değerlendirmeler yapılmıştır.
Phase-shifted beamforming for denoising acoustic reflective signals
Authors: Chen Moli
Published: January 2024

When the beamforming algorithm is used to locate the fault of the internal structure, the effective fault acoustic signal will be reflected by the structure shell during its transmission process. This results in the microphone signals being polluted, and then the positioning accuracy being low. In this paper, a phase-shifted beamforming algorithm is proposed to segment the microphone signal, extract the time delay of the reflected noise by using the cross correlation property, and then subtract the reflected noise from the raw data to obtain the microphone signal with weakened reflected signal. The newly generated signals are utilized to calculate the cross-spectral matrix of beamforming, which is then used to locate vibration faults. Simulation results show that the phase-shifted beamforming algorithm can more accurately locate the vibration faults of reflective structures.
Effect of train traction on the wheel polygonal wear of high-speed trains
Authors: Tang Tiancheng , Zhao Zengchuang , Wu Bowen , Wang Wenjing , Pan Jiabao
Published: January 2024

High-order polygonal wear of wheels is one of the most severe technical challenges for China's high-speed trains at present, and its formation mechanism has not been thoroughly understood. The effect of train traction on the wheel polygonal wear of high-speed trains was studied based on a wheel/rail rolling contact finite element model. The frequency domain characteristics of unstable vibration of the wheel/rail system under rolling/sliding contact were studied by using the finite element complex modal analysis method. We also examined wheel/rail contact forces and friction in the time domain. The cause of the high-order polygonal wear of Chinese high-speed train wheels was revealed. The effect of the vehicle speed and the wheel diameter on wheel polygonal wear were investigated. The results show: the friction-induced vibration of the wheel/rail system will be excited when the rolling/sliding contact between the wheel and rail. The radial zoom modal of the wheel is an unstable mode, which is the main cause of the 21-22 order polygonal wear of the high-speed train wheels in China. Additionally, vehicle speed has a linear relationship with the order of polygonal wear. Reducing the vehicle speed helps to control the polygonal wear of the wheels. Wheels of different diameters exhibit varying degrees of polygonal wear, with smaller wheels being more resistant to friction-induced vibrations.
“The Oldest and Incomparable Historiographer of Our Time”: Student’s Memories of Professor Sigizmund Valk (Part I)
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Sobolev G.L. ,   St. Petersburg Institute of History of the Russian Academy of Sciences,   State Memorial Museum of Defense and Siege of Leningrad
Published: January 2024

Memoirs dedicated to Sigismund Natanovich Valk were written by his student Gennady Leontyevich Sobolev, Russian historian, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Honorary Professor of St. Petersburg State University, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, specialist in the history of Russia of the 20th century, founder of the scientific school of historians of Russian revolutions and the Civil War, the most respected researcher of the history of the Siege of Leningrad. S. N. Valk (1887–1975) was an outstanding theorist of source studies, archival studies and archaeography. He graduated from the Faculty of History and Philology of St. Petersburg University in 1913. He was the employee of the Petrograd Historical and Revolutionary Archives (1918–1922), teacher (since 1923) and professor at Leningrad State University, Doctor of Historical Sciences (1936), head of the Archaeographic Commission of the USSR Academy of Sciences, researcher at the Leningrad Branch of the Institute of History of the USSR Academy of Sciences (since 1931). The article presents memories about S. N. Valk when the author was a student at the Faculty of History of the Leningrad State University in 1954–1959. G. L. Sobolev describes the narratives that shaped him as a historian: S. N. Valk’s seminars on ancient Russian history with firstyear students, the work in the archive under Valk’s supervision, conducting research for the thesis and the help of the teacher in choosing a direction of future professional activity. In addition, the memoirs reflect the university life of students of Leningrad State University in the 1950s, the principles of organizing the educational process at the faculty during this period, the work of the university library, and much more. The memories have important historical context, reflecting the everyday life of post-war Leningrad, and the system of secondary and higher education in the USSR.
Introduction: Wartime Suffering and Survival
Authors:   University of Richmond, Hass J. K. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: January 2024

This roundtable reviews Jeffrey Hass’ Wartime Suffering and Survival, an in-depth historical ethnography of the Blockade of Leningrad. Reviewers address various empirical, thematic, and theoretical facets of the book and raise questions regarding each of these topics. Important issues include the nature of explanation in the humanities (especially history) and the social sciences (in this case, sociology); the role and form of power in such circumstances; and the nature of the Blockade itself as historical event. Reviews from the Southern Conference on Slavic Studies, the Association of Slavic, East European and Eurasian Societies, and European University at St. Petersburg provide further insight into the book and reflections on the Blockade. It is an important contribution to the understanding of human resilience in the face of great suffering, and its implications for history, politics, and society. It explores questions such as what happened to political identities, institutions, authority, and cultural tropes when survival was at stake, and if there is a homo sovieticus that responds to trauma and survival differently than a person elsewhere in human history. This roundtable seeks to provoke further rethinking of the Blockade, of the Soviet experience of war, of the nature of survival and human resilience, and of the nature of explanation.
Tragic Agency and a Final Rubicon
Authors:   Georgetown University, David-Fox M.
Published: January 2024

Author believes that this book is about exploring what happens to a city, a society, the Soviet system when subjected to extreme shock, such as hunger, starvation and siege. Jeffrey Hass looks at how the Soviet system was “tested” by these events, making the case that the Blockade is a “better case” than Stalingrad or the defense of Moscow for understanding the war, duress and survival. The book discusses cannibalism as a prism into the book’s approach and findings. It looks at the breaking of the severe taboo and how people were torn between survival and sympathy, egoism and altruism, cooperation and opportunism in the midst of the “dictatorship of the stomach” and “food psychosis”. It shows how consuming human flesh was seen as the extreme on a continuum of norm-breaking in terms of what was considered food. Jeffrey Hass explores the authorities’ handling of cases of cannibalism, the prevalence and punishment of the phenomenon, as well as the symbolic dimensions of the transgression. It looks at the voices of people who violated the taboo, and the mercy they asked for. The book is ultimately about the heightened agency people were forced to take in the face of death, and the tragic decisions they made in order to survive.
Suffering and Survival in Besieged Leningrad: A Sociologist’s View on the History of a Humanitarian Catastrophe
Authors:   European University at St. Petersburg, Pavlovskiy A. F. , Pavlovskaya A. Yu. ,   State Memorial Museum of the Defense and Siege of Leningrad
Published: January 2024

The subject of the review is a book by American sociologist Jeffrey Hass devoted to the history of the survival and suffering of civilians in besieged Leningrad in 1941–1944. Exploring the strategies of survival, the political and bureaucratic control of the Leningrad authorities, the gender and class dimension of blockade survival, as well as the discursive framework by which the Leningraders explained and comprehended the humanitarian catastrophe that happened to them (theodicy of war), Hass, unlike most historians of the blockade, uses the sociological approach of P. Bourdieu, describing the wartime everyday life of Leningrad through the prism of the concepts “capital”, “habitus” and “field”. Based on an impressive body of blockade ego-documents and official reports, the sociologist wonders why the Leningraders acted in the catastrophic conditions of the blockade in one way or another, what social mechanisms were behind their suffering, resistance, opportunism and ethical choice. Appreciating the book of Hass, the authors of the review consider it a methodological breakthrough in the modern historiography of the siege of Leningrad and hope for the speedy translation of this book into Russian. If for Russian historians of war the book Wartime Survival and Suffering will become a model of a rigorous theory and methodology for studying the wartime everyday life of civilians, then sociologists will be able to see how productive for the social theory may be the study of ego-documents, personal testimonies describing the survival of the inhabitants of a huge city in the conditions of a humanitarian catastrophe and an unprecedented military siege.
Muslim Schools in Tatar Villages of the Simbirsk — Ulyanovsk Volga Region in the 1920s–1930s
Authors:   Lenin Memorial, Kobzev A. V. , Kobzeva T. A. ,   Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University
Published: January 2024

The article discusses the functioning of Muslim schools in the Simbirsk — Ulyanovsk Volga Region of the 1920s and 1930s. The article was prepared on the analysis of documents of the State Archive of the Ulyanovsk Region and the State Archive of the Recent History of the Ulyanovsk Region. The article has a general overview of the implementation of the Soviet state’s policy towards Muslim religious schools. The actual material analyzes the practice of applying the Decree on the separation of church from school of January 23, 1918, and the resolution of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of the RSFSR of June 9, 1924 on the permission of religious education in mosques. In the Simbirsk — Ulyanovsk Volga Region, the campaign to liquidate Muslim religious schools began in the first half of 1923. The Soviet state wanted to liquidate Muslim religious schools and implement Soviet schools. Muslim Tatars of the Simbirsk-Ulyanovsk Volga Region have repeatedly filed petitions for the organization of religious education for children at mosques. In the 1920s, in the region at the same time there were a few legally open schools and there were various underground forms of religious education for Tatar children. The process of liquidating religious schools ended at the turn of the 1920s and 1930s. The latest applications for the organization of religious training from the Muslim Tatars of the Simbirsk — Ulyanovsk Volga Region were received at the same time.
The House of Soviet Science and Culture in Prague and Soviet Public Diplomacy after the Prague Spring
Authors:   Institute of World History of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sak K. V.
Published: January 2024

The article deals with the problem of constructing scientific and cultural communication channels of the USSR and Czechoslovakia after the “Prague Spring” of 1968 on the example of the opening of the House of Soviet Science and Culture in Prague (HSSC). The initiator of this process was the Union of Soviet Friendship Societies. It was his offices that became one of the few surviving links of public diplomacy of the USSR after 1968. Based on archival documents the author shows that the SSOD was integrated into the Soviet political system, and its projects in Czechoslovakia were carried out under the control of party and state structures. The idea of opening a House of Soviet Science and Culture in Prague, which arose in 1969, completely belonged to the Soviet side and in practice met with considerable difficulties in its implementation. HSSC was opened in 1971 in the presence of the first leaders of the USSR and Czechoslovakia. The images of the achievements of socialist science and culture presented in it symbolized the transition to “normalization” in the socio-cultural sphere of the two countries. The Soviet leadership recognized this experience as successful and authorized the strengthening of the work of Soviet cultural centers around the world as an instrument of Soviet propaganda. However, the resources of the USSR were limited and inferiored to its more successful “competitors” from capitalist countries. At the same time HSSC opened up new opportunities for travel and informal intercultural exchange between scientists, cultural figures and Czechoslovak philistines. Therefore, his activity can be characterized as a local experience of Soviet public diplomacy, carried out in the spirit of Brezhnev’s “little deal” with Czechoslovakia.