bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Human–Information Interaction with Complex Information for Decision-Making
Authors: Albers Michael
Published: June 2015

Human–information interaction (HII) for simple information and for complex information is different because people’s goals and information needs differ between the two cases. With complex information, comprehension comes from understanding the relationships and interactions within the information and factors outside of a design team’s control. Yet, a design team must consider all these within an HII design in order to maximize the communication potential. This paper considers how simple and complex information requires different design strategies and how those strategies differ.
A Novel Low Power Bitcell Design Featuring Inherent SEU Prevention and Self Correction Capabilities
Authors: Chertkow Oron , Pescovsky Ariel , Atias Lior , Fish Alexander
Published: June 2015

The pursuit of continuous scaling of electronic devices in the semiconductor industry has led to two unintended but significant outcomes: a rapid increase in susceptibility to radiation induced errors, and an overall rise in power consumption. Operating under low voltage to reduce power only aggravates radiation related reliability issues. The proposed “SEU Hardening Incorporating Extreme Low Power Bitcell Design” (SHIELD) addresses these two major concerns simultaneously. It is based on the concept of gating the conventional cross-coupled inverters while introducing a novel “cut-off” network. This creates redundant storage nodes and eliminates the internal feedback loop during radiation particle impact. The SHIELD bitcell tolerates upsets with charge deposits over 1 pC. Simulations confirm its advantages in terms of leakage power, with more than twofold lower leakage currents than previous solutions when operated at a 700mV supply voltage in a 65 nm process. To validate the bitcell’s robustness, several test cases and special concerns, including multiple node upsets (MNU) and half-select, are examined.
PDR/INS/WiFi Integration Based on Handheld Devices for Indoor Pedestrian Navigation
Authors: Zhuang Yuan , Lan Haiyu , Li You , El-Sheimy Naser
Published: June 2015

Providing an accurate and practical navigation solution anywhere with portable devices, such as smartphones, is still a challenge, especially in environments where global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) signals are not available or are degraded. This paper proposes a new algorithm that integrates inertial navigation system (INS) and pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR) to combine the advantages of both mechanizations for micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) sensors in pedestrian navigation applications. In this PDR/INS integration algorithm, a pseudo-velocity-vector, which is composed of the PDR-derived forward speed and zero lateral and vertical speeds from non-holonomic constraints (NHC), works as an update for the INS to limit the velocity errors. To further limit the drift of MEMS inertial sensors, trilateration-based WiFi positions with small variances are also selected as updates for the PDR/INS integrated system. The experiments illustrate that positioning error is decreased by 60%–75% by using the proposed PDR/INS integrated MEMS solution when compared with PDR. The positioning error is further decreased by 15%–55% if the proposed PDR/INS/WiFi integrated solution is implemented. The average accuracy of the proposed PDR/INS/WiFi integration algorithm achieves 4.5 m in indoor environments.
Uses of 3-(2-Bromoacetyl)-2H-chromen-2-one in the Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds Incorporating Coumarin: Synthesis, Characterization and Cytotoxicity
Authors: Mohareb Rafat , MegallyAbdo Nadia
Published: June 2015

In this work, 3-bromoacetylcoumarin was used as the key starting material for the synthesis of pyran, pyridine, thiophene, thiazole and pyrazole derivatives through its reaction with different reagents. The structures of the newly synthesized compounds were confirmed on the basis of their spectral data and elemental analyses. All of the synthesized compounds were screened for their in vitro anticancer activity against six human cancer cell lines, namely: human gastric cancer (NUGC), human colon cancer (DLD1), human liver cancer (HA22T and HEPG2), nasopharyngeal carcinoma (HONE1), human breast cancer (MCF) and normal fibroblast cells (WI38). The IC50 values (the sample concentration that produces 50% reduction in cell growth) in nanomolars (nM)) showed most of the compounds exhibited significant cytotoxic effect. Among these derivatives, compound 6d showed almost equipotent cytotoxic activity against NUGC (IC50 = 29 nM) compared to the standard CHS 828 (IC50 = 25 nM).
The Somnolent Youth-Sleep and the Influence of Exercise: A Narrative Review
Authors: Suppiah Haresh , Chia Michael
Published: June 2015

Sleep is crucial to the physiological and psychological development of youth. The implications of insufficient sleep on learning and school performance are well documented. However, adequate sleep often goes unmet due to a combination of biological, societal, and environmental factors, especially during adolescence. In the present review, the changes to adolescent sleep patterns, and its consequences on cognition and learning are briefly explored. We then review the empirical literature of the role of exercise in regulating adolescent sleep patterns, and its potential mechanisms.
Deiktinė referencija kaip personažo įvaizdžio kūrimo priemonė dubliuotame animaciniame filme „Sniego laiškanešys“: lietuviškos, rusiškos ir angliškos versijos palyginimas
Authors: Satkauskaitė Danguolė , Onskulytė Miglė , Abraitienė Lina
Published: June 2015

Straipsnio tikslas – ištirti, kaip rusiškai, lietuviškai ir angliškai dubliuotose animacinio filmo „Sniego laiškanešys“ versijose vartojant deiktinius pasakymus kuriamas pagrindinio veikėjo senio besmegenio įvaizdis. Tyrime remiamasi M. Consteno tiesioginės ir netiesioginės referencijos koncepcija. Deiksei analizuoti pasitelkiamas N. Baumgarten vizualinės ir verbalinės kohezijos modelis. Tyrimas atskleidė, kad tiek rusiškoje, tiek ir lietuviškoje versijose pagrindinio veikėjo dialoguose deiksėmis kuriamas ne itin protingo, užmaršaus, išsiblaškiusio senio besmegenio paveikslas. Angliškai dubliuotoje filmuko versijoje deiksių kur kas mažiau, todėl ir personažo įvaizdis kiek kitoks.
Probleminis mokymas: daiktinės aplinkos dizaino miesto erdvėse formavimo raidos ypatumai
Authors: Jakaitis Jonas
Published: June 2015

Miestų erdvinio formavimo ir daiktinės aplinkos dizaino projektavimo problemų ištyrimas yra svarbus nustatant gamtinę, ekonominę, socialinę darną. Miestų erdvių daiktinės aplinkos analizė liudija, kad jei ji komponuojama nesilaikant prigimtine norma grįstų taisyklių, destruktyviai veikia žmonių gyvenimo kokybę. Siekiant daiktų tarpusavio sambūvio harmonijos, siūloma taikyti inovatyvų probleminio mokymo (-si) metodą. Darytina išvada, kad metodas kaip mokymo (-si) priemonė gali būti efektyvus miesto erdvinių struktūrų ir harmoningas daiktinės aplinkos dizaino formavimo įrankis.
Is it purposeful for students of Lithuanian higher schools to continue learning the English language? Motivation factors
Authors: Ilgūnaitienė Ramunė-Vitalija , Linkevičiūtė Eglė , Ribikauskienė Diana
Published: June 2015

After Lithuania had regained its independence the policy of foreign languages teaching/learning at secondary schools changed cardinally. The majority or former school leavers do not perceive it to be purposeful and meaningful to prolong the English language learning on the university or college level. According to them, having covered the secondary school programme they possess a full baggage of the English language knowl-edge allowing them to communicate fluently in the above mentioned language while travelling, studying and working in foreign countries. Does this belief correspond to the reality of today? The article is based on four factors which are supposed to motivate freshmen and senior students to go on learning the English language as the main tool to enhance their position in contemporary world irreversibly affected by massive globalization and Eurointegration processes. VDU UKI in spring semester of 2014 carried out a research. The questionnaire was compiled the goal of which was to determine whether the English language level of the students matches all the international requirements for the language awareness and present the motives for students to continue the English language studies on a higher level. 172 first year students of various programmes participated in the research. The principle points of the questionnaire sought to provide answers to the following questions: whether the level of the English language acquirement is sufficient after having covered the secondary school programme, if VDU UKI Eng-lish language teaching/learning policy enables students to acquire the language on a higher level, whether a language is a living, thus a constantly changing organism which requires progressive studies and refreshment of knowledge, if the level of language acquisition remains on the same level if it is not exploited on daily ba-sis. Having systematized the questionnaire results the authoresses of the article draw the conclusion for the purposefulness of continuing the English language level on the university and college level.
Įtraukusis ugdymas: mokinių tėvų rūpesčiai ir lūkesčiai
Authors: Grincevičienė Vilija , Szerląg Alicja , Dziubacka Krystyna , Targamadzė Vilija
Published: June 2015

Straipsnyje atskleidžiamos mokinių tėvų nuostatos apie tai, kur turėtų ugdytis vaikai, turintys nežymių psichinių sutrikimų ir (ar) fizinę negalią. Sugretinus 2002 m. ir 2012 m. atliktų tyrimų duomenis, akivaizdu, kad, kintant ugdymo tikrovei, kito ir mokinių tėvų požiūris į integruotą ugdymą: buvęs vizija įtraukusis ugdymas tapo realybė. Didžioji dalis respondentų pritaria, kad neįgalūs vaikai lankytų bendrojo ugdymo mokyklą. Tiriamojo laikotarpio pradžioje (2002 m.) pusė respondentų teigė, kad vaikai su negalia galėtų mokytis bendrose klasėse, tai – natūralios integracijos modelis. Po dešimties metų pakartotas tyrimas atskleidė, kad mokinių tėvų nuostatos akivaizdžiai pakitę: 52 % respondentų nurodė, kad vaikams su negalia derėtų mokytis bendrojo ugdymo institucijose, bet atskirose klasėse.
Ortega, el pasado y el presente de la escolástica universitaria
Authors: Moreno Pestaña José Luis
Published: June 2015

En este artículo defendemos el valor de la perspectiva de Ortega sobre el problema del anacronismo en historia. Para ello, exponemos dicho problema en la Escuela de París (Pierre Vidal-Naquet, Jean-Pierre Vernant). Seguidamente, explicamos las aportaciones de Ortega sobre ese problema en los años 40. Finalmente, hacemos un balance de las aportaciones de Ortega y su actualidad.
Democracia y universidad: patologías de un desgobierno
Authors: Alonso-Rocafort Víctor
Published: June 2015

Diversas teorías contemporáneas de la democracia han puesto el acento en las tensiones que produce al ciudadano vivir en una comunidad política democrática y, sin embargo, pasar la mayor parte de su vida en espacios no democráticos. En este trabajo se analiza el persistente déficit democrático que en España arrastra una institución pública especial, la universidad. Según Thomas Hobbes la competencia, la desconfianza y el deseo de gloria originan las guerras entre ciudadanos; hoy se asume de manera natural su presencia dominante en la universidad. Se procederá así al estudio de diversas patologías políticas producto del desgobierno originado, precisamente, al confundir de esta manera el sentido último de la institución. Se trataría de la envidia, la calumnia, la ambición destructiva y el narcisismo. Por último se estudiará la conformación de grupos como hermandades.
José Luis Aranguren. Religión pensada, religión vivida
Authors: Cortina Adela
Published: June 2015

En la obra de Aranguren la dimensión religiosa es crucial, cuando la trata desde la perspectiva de los “estudios religiosos” y cuando se ocupa de ella desde la perspectiva ética. En este segundo caso, Aranguren habla de una “ética abierta a la religión”. El artículo trata de mostrar que en este segundo caso se produce una evolución en el pensamiento de Aranguren, en la que cabe distinguir dos etapas. En la primera de ellas la religión se presenta como la culminación de todas las aspiraciones del hombre desde una ética fundamentada en la metafísica. En la segunda etapa Dios aparece como posible respuesta a preguntas abiertas desde una ética hermenéutico-narrativa.
Sobre la crisis de la democracia (XXIII Conferencias Aranguren)
Authors: Sartorius Nicolás
Published: June 2015

La democracia en el sentido contemporáneo del término, como autogobierno político de los seres humanos basado en la libertad y a igualdad, es de muy reciente implantación y cuenta con limitaciones geográficas y temáticas. Hoy, cuando la democracia representativa ha alcanzado nuevos espacios, en su marco tradicional del Estado-nación, las nuevas tecnologías y la globalización y la globalización de los procesos económicos la han puesto de nuevo en crisis. La expansión ilimitada del capital –semejante a la del universo- no ha tenido un equivalente en el terreno de la política, en el mejor de los casos, democrática, que sigue encorsetada en los estrechos límites del Estado-nación. Límites que sólo serán sobrepasados cuando la democracia, también, se haga expansiva. El subsistema democrático español, dentro del sistema de democracias europeas, es reciente y se considera producto de una determinada relación de fuerzas en un proceso histórico convulso en el que se han conocido, sobre todo, dictaduras. A pesar de ser el actual régimen político una democracia normalizada, contiene insuficiencias o limitaciones que conviene concretar. Éstas se manifiestan en cuestiones geoestratégicas de cierta dependencia: un deficiente sistema productivo no incrustado en la ciencia ni en la innovación; una insuficiente cohesión social y un excesivo poder económico; un problema territorial no resuelto y un Estado que no acaba de ser laico.
La profesionalización de la filosofía y el ethos del exilio español en México
Authors: Estrella González Alejandro
Published: June 2015

Este artículo pretende realizar un estudio comparado del proceso de profesionalización de la filosofía española y mexicana, con el fin de evaluar la contribución específica del ethos del exilio filosófico español a la profesionalización de la filosofía mexicana. El trabajo se apoya en la sociología de las profesiones para definir las condiciones de posibilidad de una actividad intelectual profesionalizada como tipo ideal. A continuación lleva a cabo un ejercicio de historia social de la filosofía para comparar el tipo ideal con los dos casos empíricos. Finalmente se realiza una comparación entre ambos casos para poder evaluar la contribución específica del exilio filosófico español a la profesionalización de la filosofía en México.
Descripción histórica y estética filosófica. La historia social del arte entre la reivindicación de los hechos y el anacronismo del sufrimiento
Authors: Cabello Padial Gabriel , Valle Corpas Irene
Published: June 2015

El presente artículo pretende describir el ethos, es decir, el hábito y la morada del historiador del arte, a partir de los elementos que vertebraron a la Historia Social del Arte: la reivindicación de los hechos, la consideración de las obras como el depósito de un intercambio social y la voluntad de ceñirse a los límites de lo históricamente descriptible. Distinguiéndose tanto de las preocupaciones específicas de la estética filosófica como de la reivindicación del pathos anacrónico propia de los recientes programas de antropología de las imágenes, dicha historiografía, que en la generación de Haskell o Baxandall estuvo atravesada por un escepticismo general en relación con la teoría, se postulará, con la llegada de la New Art History, menos como un método que como el terreno sobre el que habría de lanzarse toda pregunta o todo concepto importado de la filosofía.
La comunidad ortopédica. Por una crítica de patologías desde el paradigma inmunológico
Authors: García Ferrer Borja
Published: June 2015

Este trabajo explota el potencial hermenéutico de la dialéctica espositeana communitas/immunitas para indagar las raíces ontológicas del nuevo malestar en la cultura a tenor de los efectos antropológicos de la «hiperestimulación semiótica», así como sus expresiones mórbidas en la praxis sociopolítica. Desde esta perspectiva, analizamos los devaneos posmodernos de la identidad personal para determinar que, en su caso, el síndrome inmunitario del presente es inseparable del apogeo consumista, hasta el punto que constituye un epifenómeno de la fase posindustrial del Capitalismo.
Quantum Behaved Swarm Intelligent Techniques for Image Analysis
Authors: Dey Sandip , Bhattacharyya Siddhartha , Maulik Ujjwal
Published: June 2015

In this chapter, an exhaustive survey of quantum behaved techniques on swarm intelligent is presented. The techniques have been categorized into different classes, and in conclusion, a comparison is made according to the benefits of the approaches taken for review. The above-mentioned techniques are classified based on the information they exploit, for instance, neural network related, meta-heuristic and evolutionary algorithm related, and other distinguished approaches are considered. Neural Network-Based Approaches exhibit a few brain-like activities, which are programmatically complicated, for instance, learning, optimization, etc. Meta-Heuristic Approaches update solution generation-wise for optimization, and the approaches differ based on the problem definition.
Studies of Computational Intelligence Based on the Behaviour of Cockroaches
Authors: Neogi Amartya
Published: June 2015

In this chapter, the author expands the notion of computational intelligence using the behavior of cockroaches. An introduction to cockroach as swarm intelligence emerging research area and literature review of its growing concept is explained in the beginning. The chapter also covers the ideas of hybrid cockroach optimization system. Next, the author studies the applicability of cockroach swarm optimization. Thereafter, the author presents the details of theoretical algorithm and an experimental result of integration of robot to some cockroaches to make collective decisions. Then, the author proposes his algorithm for traversing the shortest distance of city warehouses. Then, a few comparative statistical results of the progress of the present work on cockroach intelligence are shown. Finally, conclusive remarks are given. At last, the author hopes that even researchers with little experience in swarm intelligence will be enabled to apply the proposed algorithm in their own application areas.
Swarm Intelligence for Biometric Feature Optimization
Authors: Kumar Santosh , Datta Deepanwita , Singh Sanjay Kumar
Published: June 2015

Swarm Intelligence (SI) and bio-inspired computation has gathered great attention in research in the last few years. Numerous SI-based optimization algorithms have gained huge popularity to solve the complex combinatorial optimization problems, non-linear design system optimization, and biometric features selection and optimization. These algorithms are inspired by nature. In biometrics, face recognition is a non-intrusive method, and facial characteristics are probably the most common biometric features to identify individuals and provide a competent level of security. This chapter presents a novel biometric feature selection algorithm based on swarm intelligence (i.e. Particle Swarm Optimization [PSO] and Bacterial Foraging Optimization Algorithm [BFOA] metaheuristics approaches). This chapter provides the stepping stone for future researchers to unveil how swarm intelligence algorithms can solve the complex optimization problems to improve the biometric identification accuracy. In addition, it can be utilized for many different areas of application.
Trust Management in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks for QoS Enhancing
Authors: Abassi Ryma
Published: June 2015

In a collaborative environment such as MANET, nodes reliability evaluation is vital. Trust Management can be used to ensure such healthy collaboration it offers a formal and unified framework for trust specification and interpretation. Establishing trustworthy relationships is generally done by maintaining a reputation for each node computed based on direct observations or neighbors' observations exchanged using recommendations. Unfortunately, for malicious reason, such method may be faked by cheaters: several nodes collude in order to rate each other with the maximum value and decrease other nodes' reputations by giving negative recommendations. The main contribution of this chapter is then, the proposition of a trust based environment for MANET and securing it against collusion attack in order to enhance the network QoS. This is achieved using three steps: (1) the definition of a formal trust based environment (2) the addition of a process handling collusion attack and (3) the extension of the whole proposition by a delegation process allowing nodes functionalities sharing.
Insider Threats
Authors: Omar Marwan
Published: June 2015

Malicious insiders are posing unique security challenges to organizations due to their knowledge, capabilities, and authorized access to information systems. Data theft and IT sabotage are two of the most recurring themes among crimes committed by malicious insiders. This paper aims to investigate the scale and scope of malicious insider risks and explore the impact of such threats on business operations. Organizations need to implement a multi layered defensive approaches to combat insider risks; safeguarding sensitive business information from malicious insiders require firstly, an effective security policy that communicates consequences of stealing or leaking confidential information in an unauthorized manner. Secondly, logging and monitoring employee activity is essential in detecting and controlling system vulnerabilities to malicious insiders. Thirdly, conducting periodic and consistent insider vulnerability assessments is critical to identifying any gaps in security controls and preventing insiders from exploiting them. And lastly, but certainly not least, taking extra caution with privileged users is important to proactively protecting information infrastructure from insider risks.
The Innovation and Promise of STEM-Oriented Cybersecurity Charter Schools in Urban Minority Communities in the United States as a Tool to Create a Critical Business Workforce
Authors: Burrell Darrell Norman , Finch Aikyna , Simmons Janet , Burton Sharon L.
Published: June 2015

This text is an on-going study to provide current information regarding developing underrepresented student populations through STEM specific Charter schools to fulfill pipeline shortages. Current findings show that African Americans are underrepresented in high paying Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) fields, especially in cybersecurity. The U.S. pipeline of minority students studying STEM falls short in producing the next generation of cybersecurity professionals; thus, a salient need exists to design, pilot, and test a program to grow the minority student pipeline in the cybersecurity field. The charter school movement is one of the fastest growing education reforms with the ability to make a dramatic impact in the U.S. and internationally. Because charter schools often organize around a mission, theme, or curricular and enjoy freedoms, in organizational structure, mission, and academic program, with all held to high standards, this text proposes cybersecurity charter schools to fill technology voids. This organizational structure, mission, and academic programming, will enable students to become immersed in hands-on, real world applications allowing for experiential learning, which can develop students with cybersecurity expertise, technical knowledge, and skills, and competencies needed to take and pass cybersecurity and information security related certification assessments.
Communication, Technology, and Cyber Crime in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Bessette Dustin , LeClair Jane A. , Sylvertooth Randall E. , Burton Sharon L.
Published: June 2015

As a region that is rapidly developing its technology base, Sub-Saharan Africa is experiencing many of the issues associated with the benefits of cyber technology as well as its many negative sides. This paper discusses mobile and internet technologies currently being utilized in Sub-Saharan Africa as well as some of the major cybersecurity concerns threatening networks in the region that are associated with the new economic growth on the African continent. Such topics will include a viable increased awareness of news, historical events, and recent gatherings of information on this main topic.
The Future of Internet Governance
Authors: Negrón Martin A.
Published: June 2015

The demographics of the Internet will experience significant changes in the near future. The developed countries are maximizing the number of citizens connected to the network while the developing countries, with the majority of the global population, increase their presence as the information technologies become more accessible. Leaders from the developed countries advocate the preservation of existing governance organizations regulating the network, such as the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN), on the basis of stability and security. New generations of Internet users are demanding new structures based on transparency, participation, accountability and legitimacy. In the absence of new agreements, uncoordinated changes to the existing governance structure could potentially affect the technical structure of the network and its functionality. Employing a Bayesian Belief Network model, this chapter analyzes the correlation between demographics, socio-economic factors and the feasibility of changes to the existing Internet governance structure. Favorable change conditions could initiate changes that could impact all Internet users. Results demonstrate that even when conditions for radical changes that could fragment the network are not present within the timeframe evaluated, conditions in support of changes increase with time, validating a need to modify the existing governance structure.
Service-Centric Networking
Authors: Griffin David , Rio Miguel , Simoens Pieter , Smet Piet , Vandeputte Frederik , Vermoesen Luc , Bursztynowski Dariusz , Schamel Folker , Franke Michael
Published: June 2015

This chapter introduces a new paradigm for service centric networking. Building upon recent proposals in the area of information centric networking, a similar treatment of services – where networked software functions, rather than content, are dynamically deployed, replicated and invoked – is discussed. Service-centric networking provides the mechanisms required to deploy replicated service instances across highly distributed networked cloud infrastructures and to route client requests to the closest instance while providing more efficient network infrastructure usage, improved QoS and new business opportunities for application and service providers.
The Whole World is Going Mobile
Authors: Perkins Charles E.
Published: June 2015

The Internet is growing ever more mobile – meaning, that an ever greater proportion of Internet devices are mobile devices. This trend necessitates new designs and will produce new and even unpredictable conceptions about the very nature of the Internet and, more fundamentally, the nature of social interaction. The engineering response to growing mobility and complexity is difficult to predict. This chapter summarizes the past and the present ways of dealing with mobility, and uses that as context for trying to understand what needs to be done for the future. Central to the conception of future mobility is the notion of “always available” and highly interactive applications. Part of providing acceptable service in that conception of the mobile Internet will require better ways to manage handovers as the device moves around the Internet, and ways to better either hide or make available a person's identity depending on who is asking.
A Top-Down Framework for Modeling Routing Design Complexity
Authors: Sun Xin
Published: June 2015

Networks with higher degrees of complexity typically require more effort to manage and are more prone to configuration errors. Unfortunately, complexity remains one of the least understood aspects of networking. This chapter takes a first step toward bridging this gap, by presenting a top-down framework for modeling complexity in routing design, a critical and highly complex network design task. First, a set of abstractions is introduced for precisely defining objectives of routing design, and for reasoning about how a combination of routing design primitives will meet the objectives. Next, models are presented for quantitatively measuring the complexity of a routing design by modeling individual design primitives and leveraging configuration-derived complexity metrics. This modeling approach helps understand how individual design choices may impact the resulting complexity, and enables comparison of alternative routing designs and “what-if” analysis of the potential impact of a design change on complexity.
Optimizing the Delivery of Services Supported by Residential Gateways
Authors: Cruz Tiago , Simões Paulo , Monteiro Edmundo
Published: June 2015

The Residential Gateway (RGW) is a key device, located on the customer premises, that stands between the home network and the access network. It imposes a considerable cost for the NSP and constitutes a single point of failure for all the services offered to residential customers – such as Internet access, VoIP, IPTV and Video-on-Demand. As such, the RGW constitutes an ideal candidate for virtualization, potentially relieving the NSP from such problems while also providing benefits to end-users. This chapter discusses the rationale and proposes an architecture for a virtualized Residential Gateway (vRGW) that physically removes the RGW from the customer premises, moving it into the operator data center or other logical point-of-presence, as a virtualized entity. This solution potentially reduces deployment, maintenance and operation costs, whilst improving overall performance, flexibility, reliability and manageability – both for the access network infrastructure and for the services provided over this infrastructure.
Context-Aware Content Delivery
Authors: Moustafa Hassnaa , Somayazulu V. Srinivasa , Liao Yiting
Published: June 2015

The huge changes in multimedia and video consumption styles are leading to different challenges for the current Internet architecture in order to support the required quality of experience. A comprehensive solution to these would help the service providers and over-the-top players (OTT) to differentiate their services and the network operators to handle ever growing demands on network resources in an era of slower growth in revenues. This chapter discusses the requirements for and approaches to enhanced content delivery architectures, video delivery standards and current and future content transport mechanisms. The chapter also discusses the Quality of Experience (QoE) metrics and management for video content and introduces context-awareness in the video delivery chain. It also provides several examples for context-aware content delivery and personalized services.
The Four Paradigms of Archival History and the Challenges of the Future
Authors: Szekely Ivan
Published: June 2015

In the multi-millennial history of archives four successive paradigms can be distinguished. In the archival systems that can be designated respectively as entitlement-attestation, national, public, and global ones, their primary or new objectives, key institutions, specialists and target audience as well as applied information technologies and characteristic problems show significant differences. Alongside enduring elements of continuity new key features, functions and impacts appear, which together fundamentally change the actual role and ideology of archives. With an information-centered approach, this study attempts to include the most important characteristics of these respective archival paradigms in one coherent system, with a brief overview of the challenges the archives of the future may face.
In Putin's Russia, Information Has You
Authors: Ognyanova Katherine
Published: June 2015

This chapter outlines the practices of state control over Internet content in Russia and highlights their grounding in the information culture and media environment of the country. Building on existing data on freedom of the press and online censorship, the text explores the socio-cultural context of Kremlin's considerable influence on the Web. To this end, three relevant spheres of power relations are explored. The first one involves censorship and self-censorship routines embedded in the Russian information tradition. The second pertains to the state-controlled mainstream media where news goes through a political filter and the framing of Internet's role in the Russian social life is predominantly negative. The third domain concerns local legislative frameworks and their selective application. The analysis suggests that most of the tools used to control objectionable materials on the Russian Web are not Internet-specific. Rather, they can be seen as a natural extension of the censorship mechanisms used in traditional media.
Citizens, Policy Co-Production, Politics, and the Public Sphere
Authors: Griffiths Mary
Published: June 2015

In this chapter the contextual, political and design features of policy co-production are assessed. Public consultations remain high-risk/high gain for governments, citizens and the administration. Successive Australian governments have encouraged the Australian Public Service (APS) to support citizen-centric policy formation. In 2011 under a progressive Labor government, two approaches to design of public consultations were successful: the Clean Energy Legislation Package, and the Digital Culture Public Sphere and Discussion Paper. In 2014, a newly elected conservative government made an unsuccessful attempt to consult on amending s18c of the Racial Discrimination Act (1975). Theoretically, the constructivist approach combines the literature on modes of e-government research, citizens as agents in policy, e-government success factors and participatory media, with evidence of institutional reform thinking, and the illustrations of practice and outcomes provided by the three case studies. Methodologically, the data is drawn from public domain materials.
Before Smart Phones and Social Media
Authors: Yesil Bilge
Published: June 2015

Using social media platforms to document excessive police force at times of social unrest has become common practice among protestors around the world, from Cairo, Egypt to Ferguson, USA. Smart phones and social media have become indispensable tools to demonstrators as they organize, communicate, express dissent, and document any police brutality aimed at them. This chapter discusses the function of mobile communication technology as tool of sousveillance through an analysis of camera phones and the user-generated images in the mid-to-late 2000s. It argues that camera phones facilitated lateral surveillance and sousveillance practices, enabling ordinary individuals to watch social peers or those in power positions, albeit in non-systematic, non-continuous and spontaneous ways.
Interrogating and Reimagining the Virtual Public Sphere in Developing Countries
Authors: Raman Veena V.
Published: June 2015

Revisiting the concept of a virtual public sphere, this chapter interrogates the concepts of good governance, digital divide, the role of culture in identifying what constitutes common good and examines how Habermas' conceptualization of the public sphere relates to non-Western contexts where asymmetries in access to basic resources, power to leverage networks, and levels of civic competencies are the norm. Through case studies from Bangalore City, India, where information and communication technologies are being used to empower ordinary citizens to participate in local governance in the face of deep digital divides, it is argued that there is a need to avoid essentialising and privileging online venues and interactions in our discussions of the virtual public sphere and study how people strategically combine preexisting civic and communication networks with the affordances of new media technologies to participate as citizens.
Constructing Multicultural Society on Web
Authors: Mahmutoğlu Vildan
Published: June 2015

As a public sphere traditional media have some blockages for the disadvantaged groups to participate in the cultural and social life. New media help these groups for being visible in a majority and provides a base for multicultural societies. This article tries to find out the conditions of constructing the multicultural society through new media. For that purpose, a content analyse of the art and culture pages of the website and an interview have been realized with one of the founders of www.suryaniler.com. It is trying to find out that how new media helps to the minorities for the participation in the cultural life and being visible in a majority. The paper also examines how a webpage can promote the relation of people who have been spread all over the World.
Project Management of New Hotel Openings
Authors: Noordzy Gert , Whitfield Richard
Published: June 2015

This chapter introduces hoteliers to the importance of effective project management in their professional lives. It summarizes key concepts in project management, especially as they relate to opening new hotels and other hospitality-related activities. Firstly, the nature of projects is explained, and they are contrasted to ongoing business operations with regards to how they are planned and controlled and how performance is measured. Then, project-specific planning methods are considered, and the risks involved in successfully completing projects are analyzed and managed. Next, the research on how to improve the chances of successfully completing projects is discussed, and how this relates to opening new hotels. Finally, sources of further information on becoming a successful project manager or researcher in this field are identified.
An Improved Fuzzy Voting Scheme for Fault Tolerant Systems
Authors: Rawat Ram Murti , Gupta Tarun Kumar , Sajid Mohammad , Prakash Shiv , Sahu Dinesh Prasad , Yadav Sohan Kumar , Kumar Chanchal
Published: June 2015

Voting is a widely used fault masking techniques for safety-critical systems to enhance the overall reliability of the system. Researchers over the period have proposed numerous advanced techniques in order to improve on the drawback of the existing methods. In this paper a fuzzy voting scheme has been survey and a generalized improved fuzzy voting scheme has been proposed. A comparative study of these schemes has also been carried out. It is found that proposed model is better than existing models. Single objective, multi-objective objective and many objective will be applied in future.
Improving the Efficiency of Color Image Segmentation using an Enhanced Clustering Methodology
Authors: Nayak Nihar Ranjan , Mishra Bikram Keshari , Rath Amiya Kumar , Swain Sagarika
Published: June 2015

The findings of image segmentation reflects its expansive applications and existence in the field of digital image processing, so it has been addressed by many researchers in numerous disciplines. It has a crucial impact on the overall performance of the intended scheme. The goal of image segmentation is to assign every image pixels into their respective sections that share a common visual characteristic. In this paper, the authors have evaluated the performances of three different clustering algorithms normally used in image segmentation – the typical K-Means, its modified K-Means++ and their proposed Enhanced Clustering method. The idea is to present a brief explanation of the fundamental working principles implicated in these methods. They have analyzed the performance criterion which affects the outcome of segmentation by considering two vital quality measures namely – Structural Content (SC) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) as suggested by Jaskirat et al., (2012). Experimental result shows that, the proposed method gives impressive result for the computed values of SC and RMSE as compared to K-Means and K-Means++. In addition to this, the output of segmentation using the Enhanced technique reduces the overall execution time as compared to the other two approaches irrespective of any image size.
X3D-based Virtual Prototype Robot Mechanism Simulation
Authors: Meng XianHui  , Chong Yuan
Published: June 2015

This paper mainly studies the goal when using standard X3D robot virtual prototype technology research, design, and kinematics simulation of the body. In the study, the virtual prototype model should be able to satisfy the basic research and design of industrial robot kinematics. Validation X3D technology in the design of virtual prototype of robots can have good effective action. The design of industrial robot virtualization is positive. This work includes X3D technology based on the model, the robot kinematics mathematic model of virtual prototype, and the use of this robot kinematics model using the model analysis of the performance parameters of the robot virtual prototype. This paper solves X3D using the virtual prototype technology robot run to learn some key problems of the simulation of the virtual prototype of robot X3D expression methods (robot virtual body expression, organization, the assembly, and the constraint X3D research). Based on the virtual prototype, X3D is inverse kinematics calculation model.
Five Capabilities Model Applied to Multi-Robot Systems
Authors: Gharbi Atef
Published: June 2015

This paper deals with distributed Robotic Agents constituting several intelligent agents. Each one has to interact with the other autonomous robots. The problem faced is how to ensure a distributed planning through the cooperation of the distributed robotic agents. To do so, the author proposes to use the concept of five capabilities model which is based on Environment, Self, Planner, Competence, and Communication. A Benchmark Production System is used as a running example to explain the author's contribution.
A Security Based Greedy Method (SGMA) for VANETs in City Environment using Score Point Technique
Authors: Kumuthini C. , Krishnakumari P.
Published: June 2015

The vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANET) is constrained by high mobility of vehicles and frequent disconnections. The emerging adoption of wireless communications on surface transportation systems has generated extensive interest among researchers over the last several years. This research work deals with the crucial problems associated with routing in both city and urban environment due to false message receive from Vehicles. The main objectives of research, is to avoid the problem of false message attacks in VANET. To address this problem, the authors propose a Security Based Greedy Method (SGMA) specifically for a VANET and evaluate the performance using the NS2 simulator, which is used to add the functionality to validate message of each and every vehicle is secure and reliable. Results show that the proposed scheme will provide the score points of each vehicles, list the fake vehicles id and also SGMA operates properly in terms of packet delivery ratio. With the help of the score point received, the base station should identify the message is fake or not. The score point of vehicles is initialized in the Base station and the score point is stable or decreased depends on the feedback from receiver vehicle. The authors conclude that, the proposed work SGMA to make the network message more securable.
Structural Decisions of Sustainable Manufacturing Strategy with Fuzzy Analytic Network Process (FANP)
Authors: Ocampo Lanndon , Clark Eppie , Tanudtanud Kae Vines
Published: June 2015

This paper proposes the use of fuzzy analytic network process (FANP) in identifying the content of the structural decisions of manufacturing strategy that integrates sustainability and the classical manufacturing strategy framework, considering firm size as a relevant component in decision-making. Fuzzy set theory elucidates judgment through linguistic variables while analytic network process (ANP) handles the complexity of the decision-making brought about by subjectivity and relationships among components in the decision problem. A group of experts in manufacturing was tasked to elicit judgment in pairwise comparisons following in the methodology of the ANP. Results also show that structural decisions that support sustainability integrate backward supply chain. This supports existing approaches particularly on sustainable supply chain and green purchasing. The contribution of this work lies in adopting a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) framework that identifies the content of the structural decisions of a sustainable manufacturing strategy.
Psychological Factors Influencing the Managers' Intention to Adopt Green IS
Authors: Esfahani Mohammad Dalvi , Nilashi Mehrbakhsh , Rahman Azizah Abdul , Ghapanchi Amir Hossein , Zakaria Nor Hidayati
Published: June 2015

This paper proposes a comprehensive framework of the individual factors that influence organizational decision-makers to adopt Green information systems (IS), based on a review of psychological theories and empirical studies on Green IS and technology adoption. The objectives of this paper are, firstly, to explain that the adoption of Green IS by managers is directly influenced by their intention, which is assumed to be influenced by their attitude towards Green IS, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control and personal norms. In the framework, attitude towards Green IS is influenced by managers' positive and negative affect in response to Green IS. The findings of this study show that subjective norms are reflected from three sources containing primary, secondary and work referents. Perceived behavioral control includes self-efficacy, monetary cost–benefit assessment and the ethical climate of the organization. Personal norms are influenced by awareness of consequences, ascription of responsibilities and personal values including self-transcendence and self-enhancement. Secondly, the paper aims to assess the importance of the individual factors that influence the organizational decision-makers to adopt Green IS. Accordingly, the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) is applied to rank the importance of the factors incorporated in the proposed framework. The data for this study is collected by conducting an online survey through a structured questionnaire-based instrument comprising 5-point Likert-type scales. The findings of this study contribute to the Green IS literature by improving the decision-making process in IS adoption for the purpose of environmental sustainability enhancement. It is hoped that the proposed model would help to clarify the relative importance of the psychological and socio-demographic factors influencing the adoption of Green IS by organizational decision-makers.
The Politicization of Science and the Use and Abuse of Technology
Authors: Ricci Gabriel R.
Published: June 2015

This paper examines the dialectical role of science in its promotion of public policy and the manner in which scientific autonomy has been challenged to further political ambition. Various episodes in the ever expanding technological reach of the marriage of science and politics is historically recounted to demonstrate the threat to scientific self-rule and to individual scientists who have been relegated to instrumentally functional roles. It is argued that the emergent class status of scientists has been subverted by the triumvirate of technology, industry and religion. Moreover, science has met its greatest challenge from those entities which understand how the use of technology and scientific discovery translate into regulatory measures.