bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Traductores españoles de obras científico-técnicas francesas en la revista La Ilustración Española y Americana (1880-1900)
Authors: Corredor Plaja Anna Maria
Published: January 2017

Basándonos en el análisis de los anuncios de obras científico-técnicas traducidas del francés al español, el objetivo de este artículo es presentar un repertorio de los traductores del ámbito científico-técnico del período 1880-1900 que aparecen en la revista, precedidos de una reflexión en torno a la figura del traductor y otros datos de interés. Para ello hemos partido de las informaciones de la sección bibliográfica de la publicación y hemos investigado sobre la identidad de los traductores. ¿Quiénes eran los traductores? ¿Se mencionaban siempre sus nombres? ¿Se hacían alusiones a la calidad de su trabajo? ¿El traductor podía ayudar a “vender” la obra? Estas son algunas de las cuestiones planteadas a las cuales intentamos responder a lo largo del artículo.  Palabras clave: traductores científico-técnicos; repertorio; ámbito francés-español; La Ilustración Española y Americana (1880-1890).
¿Francisco Carrasco, traductor del Pro Ligario de Cicerón? Alfredo Adolfo Camús y la ficción traductora
Authors: García Jurado Francisco
Published: January 2017

En 1857, el catedrático de literatura latina de la Universidad Central de Madrid, Alfredo Adolfo Camús (1817-1889), publica en el Semanario Pintoresco Español una supuesta traducción del Pro Ligario de Cicerón que dice haber encontrado en un viejo manuscrito cuando estaba a punto de ser destruido por un trapero. Asimismo, afirma Camús que se trata de una traducción debida a un personaje del siglo XVIII, Francisco Carrasco, Marqués de la Corona, de quien no se conocen otras versiones de clásicos. Tanto las circunstancias novelescas del hallazgo del manuscrito como la dudosa atribución hacen sospechar que estamos ante la ficción de un falso traductor y que, en realidad, el texto ciceroniano no es producto de una traducción directa, sino de la recomposición de una traducción previa del siglo XVIII.  Palabras clave: Pro Ligario; Cicerón; Alfredo Adolfo Camús; Rodrigo de Oviedo; ficción
Ferran Pol, un escritor-traductor del siglo XX
Authors: Garcia Raffi Josep Vicent
Published: January 2017

Ferran de Pol (Arenys de Mar 1911-1994) fue uno de los traductores-escritores que comenzó su obra en la Cataluña republicana. Los primeros textos traducidos al catalán fueron de E.T.A. Hoffmann. Autor de una destacable obra narrativa, estuvo en el exilio en Méjico de 1939 a 1948, donde trabajó de peirodista i tradujo novelas al español para la editorial Albatros. Desde su retorno a Cataluña tradujo diferentes novelas al castellano y al catalán, entre las que destacan El viejo y el mar de Ernest Hemingway. Además, tradujo junto con su mujer, la escritora galesa Esylit T. Lawrence, una obra de teatro de Saunders Lewis.  Palabras clave: Ferran de Pol; exilo mejicano; traductor/escritor; literatura catalana; traducción catalán/español.
La intratraducció d’obres d’Aléxandros Papadiamandis: la qüestió lingüística
Authors: Montañés Gómez Rubén Josep
Published: January 2017

Aléxandros Papadiamandis (1851-1911), considerat el millor prosista grec del seu temps, va escriure sobretot relats curts, i algunes novel·les, de les quals la més coneguda és ? ??????? (L’assassina). Les seues obres estan escrites en la modalitat lingüística anomenada ???????????, «purista», artificialment culta i arcaïtzant, pròpia de la prosa de l’època, per oposició a la ????????, demòtica, que finalment s’ha imposat a tots els nivells; l’enfrontament entre els defensors d’aquests models de llengua rep el nom de ???????? ??????, «qüestió lingüística»; la polèmica que ha acompanyat al llarg de les darreres dècades la intratraducció d’algunes de les obres de Papadiamandis al grec demòtic pot considerar-se’n una seqüela. El present article pretèn exposar tota aquesta situació i les motivacions i criteris per a l’esmentada intratraducció. Paraules clau: Papadiamandis; grec; katharevousa; demòtic; intratraducció.
El traductor y el comercio internacional
Authors: Orts Llopis María Ángeles
Published: January 2017

La internacionalización de la economía ha hecho necesaria la implementación de una red de estrategias comunicativas de la empresa a nivel global, en las que se requieren especialistas multilingües y multiculturales. Exportador e importador han de enfrentarse a los distintos agentes y actividades que intervienen en su salida al exterior en una lengua o lenguas que les son a menudo desconocidas. Por ello, el de la internacionalización es un campo que está especialmente destinado al traductor formado en esta área, que se torna aquí en agente comunicativo, intérprete y mediador cultural. El presente trabajo se centra en la descripción del contexto donde este profesional desarrolla su labor y de las actividades que está capacitado para desempeñar.  Palabras clave: Comercio Internacional; traductor en el ámbito del Comercio Internacional; internacionalización; mediación cultural; estrategia comunicativa.
Presentación
Authors: Sanchis Llopis Jordi , Jiménez Domingo María Elena , Campos Plaza Nicolás Antonio
Published: January 2017

Aunque cada pueblo posee un sistema de signos que son el resultado de su forma de pensar, de sentir, algo único e irrepetible, no es menos cierto que los distintos sistemas lingüísticos poseen también,mediante diversas estrategias, la capacidad de adaptar esas ideasa las más variadas necesidades expresivas. ¿Pero qué ocurre cuando estas ideas, hechos o sentimientos se trasladan a otras lenguas en una operación de transferencia semántica denominada traducción? ¿Es necesario considerar la traducción de un texto como un acto complejo de mediación cultural cuya anagnórisis debe ser la de seguir teniendo el estatuto de texto? Para responder a estas preguntas, el presente número monográfico de Quaderns de Filología. Estudis Lingüístics ha reunido una serie de artículos de investigación que abordan latraducción como objeto de estudio poliédrico en el que están implicadas todas aquellas disciplinas que tienen algo que decir en el complejo entramado de la interdisciplinariedad de este campo de conocimiento. Tal interdisciplinariedad puede ser de orden interno, es decir, estar basada en la convergencia de los estudios que realizan disciplinas como la lingüística, la crítica literaria, la psicología, la semiótica, la sociología, las ciencias del lenguaje; y de orden externo, es decir aquellas que tratan de la comunicación tanto en el ámbito de la documentación y la terminología, como del periodismo o de la biblioteconomía, porque comprender al “otro” es construir un puente no sólo de desarrollo cultural, técnico o científico, sino también de tolerancia; entenderle en esa diferencia es dar pasos hacia el enriquecimiento personal y colectivo de todos.
Opposite initialization to novel cues in dopamine signaling in ventral and posterior striatum in mice
Authors: Menegas William , Babayan Benedicte M , Uchida Naoshige , Watabe-Uchida Mitsuko
Published: January 2017

Dopamine neurons are thought to encode novelty in addition to reward prediction error (the discrepancy between actual and predicted values). In this study, we compared dopamine activity across the striatum using fiber fluorometry in mice. During classical conditioning, we observed opposite dynamics in dopamine axon signals in the ventral striatum (‘VS dopamine’) and the posterior tail of the striatum (‘TS dopamine’). TS dopamine showed strong excitation to novel cues, whereas VS dopamine showed no responses to novel cues until they had been paired with a reward. TS dopamine cue responses decreased over time, depending on what the cue predicted. Additionally, TS dopamine showed excitation to several types of stimuli including rewarding, aversive, and neutral stimuli whereas VS dopamine showed excitation only to reward or reward-predicting cues. Together, these results demonstrate that dopamine novelty signals are localized in TS along with general salience signals, while VS dopamine reliably encodes reward prediction error.
Survival Determinants after Pancreatectomy With Vascular Resection for Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Yu Song-Lin , Zhang Guo-Feng , Ye Chun , Wu Xu-Bo , Peng Cheng-Hong
Published: January 2017

To investigate the morbidity, mortality, and survival of patients with pancreatic cancer after pancreatectomy with vascular resection and to clarify the favorable prognostic survival factors. Pancreatic cancer is a malignant tumor. Many revisions have been made to surgical procedures to improve the prognosis of resectable pancreatic cancer. Several studies have compared no-vein and vein resection with pancreaticoduodenectomy, recording their feasibility and equal rates of operative mortality, incidence, and survival. Factors identified as potentially relevant to survival outcomes include population, perioperative treatment, and clinical pathologic factors, but these are still controversial. From January 1, 2003, to December 31, 2010, 63 patients with advanced pancreatic cancer underwent pancreatectomy with vascular resection. They were divided into 2 groups: one group had a survival time of <2 years (group 1) and the other a survival time of >2 years (group 2). Their clinical data, surgical techniques, perioperative parameters, and histopathologic data from a prospective database were analyzed. Major venous resection with reconstruction was performed in 61 patients (96.83%); major venous and artery resection with reconstruction in 1 patient (1.58%); and arterial resection with reconstruction in another patient (1.58%). The median survival time and the actuarial 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates for all patients are 19.94 months and 45.0%, 27.4%, and 17.6%, respectively. Group 1 contained 42 patients and group 2 contained 21 patients. A multivariate analysis identified tumor size, tumor differentiation, lymph-node status, nerve invasion, and metastasis (TNM) staging of the pancreatic cancer, tumor grade, operating time, and chemotherapy after surgery as independent predictors of long-term survival. TNM staging, tumor grade, operating time, and chemotherapy are independent predictors of survival after pancreatectomy.
Defining the ecologically relevant mixed‐layer depth for Antarctica's coastal seas
Authors: Carvalho Filipa , Kohut Josh , Oliver Matthew J. , Schofield Oscar
Published: January 2017

Mixed‐layer depth (MLD) has been widely linked to phytoplankton dynamics in Antarctica's coastal regions; however, inconsistent definitions have made intercomparisons among region‐specific studies difficult. Using a data set with over 20,000 water column profiles corresponding to 32 Slocum glider deployments in three coastal Antarctic regions (Ross Sea, Amundsen Sea, and West Antarctic Peninsula), we evaluated the relationship between MLD and phytoplankton vertical distribution. Comparisons of these MLD estimates to an applied definition of phytoplankton bloom depth, as defined by the deepest inflection point in the chlorophyll profile, show that the maximum of buoyancy frequency is a good proxy for an ecologically relevant MLD. A quality index is used to filter profiles where MLD is not determined. Despite the different regional physical settings, we found that the MLD definition based on the maximum of buoyancy frequency best describes the depth to which phytoplankton can be mixed in Antarctica's coastal seas.
Transient reducing greenhouse warming on early Mars
Authors: Wordsworth R. , Kalugina Y. , Lokshtanov S. , Vigasin A. , Ehlmann B. , Head J. , Sanders C. , Wang H.
Published: January 2017

The evidence for abundant liquid water on early Mars despite the faint young Sun is a long‐standing problem in planetary research. Here we present new ab initio spectroscopic and line‐by‐line climate calculations of the warming potential of reduced atmospheres on early Mars. We show that the strength of both CO2–H2 and CO2–CH4 collision‐induced absorption (CIA) has previously been significantly underestimated. Contrary to previous expectations, methane could have acted as a powerful greenhouse gas on early Mars due to CO2–CH4 CIA in the critical 250–500 cm−1 spectral window region. In atmospheres of 0.5 bar CO2 or more, percent levels of H2 or CH4 raise annual mean surface temperatures by tens of degrees, with temperatures reaching 273 K for pressures of 1.25–2 bars and 2–10% of H2 and CH4. Methane and hydrogen produced following aqueous alteration of Mars' crust could have combined with volcanically outgassed CO2 to form transient atmospheres of this composition 4.5–3.5 Ga. Our results also suggest that inhabited exoplanets could retain surface liquid water at significant distances from their host stars.
Eruptive history of the Karoo lava flows and their impact on early Jurassic environmental change
Authors: Moulin M. , Fluteau F. , Courtillot V. , Marsh J. , Delpech G. , Quidelleur X. , Gérard M.
Published: January 2017

This paper reports new paleomagnetic and geochronologic data from a ~1500 m thick composite section belonging to the Drakensberg group, the thickest remnant of the Karoo lavas in Northern Lesotho. Flow‐by‐flow analysis of paleomagnetic directions reveals 21 magnetic directional groups, corresponding to single eruptive events, and 16 individual lava flows. The new age determinations of lava flows range from 180.1 ± 1.4 to 182.8 ± 2.6 Ma. These data, combined with previous results, allow us to propose that the main part of the Drakensberg group and the Karoo intrusive complex dated around 181–183 Ma may have been erupted over a period as short as 250 kyr and may have coincided with the two main phases of extinction in the Early Toarcian. This scenario agrees well with the discontinuous rhythm of environmental and biotic perturbations in the Late Pliensbachian‐Toarcian interval.
Past and future trends of hydroclimatic intensity over the Indian monsoon region
Authors: Mohan T. S. , Rajeevan M.
Published: January 2017

The hydroclimatic intensity index (HY‐INT) is a single index that quantitatively combines measures of precipitation intensity and dry spell length, thus providing an integrated response of the hydrological cycle to global warming. The HY‐INT index is a product of the precipitation intensity (PINT, intensity during wet days) and dry spell length (DSL). Using the observed gridded rainfall data sets of 1951–2010 period, the changes in HY‐INT, PINT, and DSL over the Indian monsoon region have been examined in addition to changes in maximum consecutive dry days (MCD). We have also considered 10 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) climate models for examining the changes in these indices during the present‐day and future climate change scenarios. For climate change projections, the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 scenario was considered. The analysis of observational data during the period 1951–2010 suggested an increase in DSL and MCD over most of central India. Further, statistically significant (95% level) increase in HY‐INT is also noted during the period of 1951–2010, which is mainly caused due to significant increase in precipitation intensity. The CMIP5 model projections of future climate also suggest a statistically significant increase in HY‐INT over the Indian region. Out of the 10 models considered, seven models suggest a consistent increase in HY‐INT during the period of 2010–2100 under the RCP4.5 scenario. However, the projected increase in HY‐INT is mainly due to increase in the precipitation intensity, while dry spell length (DSL) showed little changes in the future climate.
Direct atmosphere opacity observations from CALIPSO provide new constraints on cloud‐radiation interactions
Authors: Guzman R. , Chepfer H. , Noel V. , Vaillant de Guélis T. , Kay J. E. , Raberanto P. , Cesana G. , Vaughan M. A. , Winker D. M.
Published: January 2017

The spaceborne lidar CALIPSO (Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation) directly measures atmospheric opacity. In 8 years of CALIPSO observations, we find that 69% of vertical profiles penetrate through the complete atmosphere. The remaining 31% do not reach the surface, due to opaque clouds. The global mean altitude of full attenuation of the lidar beam (z_opaque) is 3.2 km, but there are large regional variations in this altitude. Of relevance to cloud‐climate studies, the annual zonal mean longwave cloud radiative effect and annual zonal mean z_opaque weighted by opaque cloud cover are highly correlated (0.94). The annual zonal mean shortwave cloud radiative effect and annual zonal mean opaque cloud cover are also correlated (−0.95). The new diagnostics introduced here are implemented within a simulator framework to enable scale‐aware and definition‐aware evaluation of the LMDZ5B global climate model. The evaluation shows that the model overestimates opaque cloud cover (31% obs. versus 38% model) and z_opaque (3.2 km obs. versus 5.1 km model). In contrast, the model underestimates thin cloud cover (35% obs. versus 14% model). Further assessment shows that reasonable agreement between modeled and observed longwave cloud radiative effects results from compensating errors between insufficient warming by thin clouds and excessive warming due to overestimating both z_opaque and opaque cloud cover. This work shows the power of spaceborne lidar observations to directly constrain cloud‐radiation interactions in both observations and models.
Thin Film Organic Thermoelectric Generator Based on Tetrathiotetracene
Authors: Pudzs Kaspars , Vembris Aivars , Rutkis Martins , Woodward Simon
Published: January 2017

Thin films of p‐ and n‐type organic semiconductors for thermoelectrical (TE) applications are produced by doping of tetrathiotetracene (TTT). To obtain p‐type material TTT is doped with iodine during vacuum deposition of thin films or by postdeposition doping using controlled exposure to iodine vapors. Thermal codeposition in vacuum of TTT and tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) is used to prepare n‐type thin films. The attained thin films are characterized by measurements of the Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity. The Seebeck coefficient and conductivity can be varied by altering the doping level. p‐type TTT:iodide thin films with a power factor of 0.52 μW m−1 K−2, an electrical conductivity of 130 S m−1, and a Seebeck coefficient of 63 μV K−1 and n‐type TCNQ:TTT films with a power factor of 0.33 μW m−1 K−2, an electrical conductivity of 57 S m−1, and a Seebeck coefficient of −75 μV K−1 are produced. Engineered deposition of both p‐ and n‐type thermoelectric conducting elements on the same substrate is demonstrated. A proof of concept prototype of planar thin film TE generator based on a single p–n couple from the organic materials is built and its power generation is characterized.
Probing a General Rule towards Thermodynamic Stabilities of Mono BN‐doped Lower Polyenes
Authors: Rouf Alvi Muhammad , Wu Jingjing , Zhu Jun
Published: January 2017

The BN‐doped organic analogues are interesting as aliphatic amineboranes for hydrogen storage, precursors for aromatic borazines and adsorbent cage azaboranes. However, BN‐doped aliphatic polyenes remained undeveloped. Herein, we perform theoretical calculations on two mono BN‐doped aliphatic lower polyenes, 1,3‐butadiene and 1,3,5‐hexatriene. A general rule is proposed, i.e., isomers with terminal nitrogen and directly BN‐connected, N−B(R), in particular, are of significant thermodynamic stability as compared with their inverse analogues (where boron is at the terminal position). The N−B(R) type isomers are found to be the most stable ones in both polyenes. Isomers with terminal B and N are of intermediate stability. Highly destabilized isomers are those with one terminal methylene group and one terminal heteroatom in the butadiene series, and two terminal methylene groups in the hexatriene series. Rules established here may lead researchers to synthesize isomers with particular thermodynamic stability.
MicroRNA annotation of plant genomes − Do it right or not at all
Authors: Taylor Richard S. , Tarver James E. , Foroozani Alireza , Donoghue Philip C. J.
Published: January 2017

MicroRNAs are non‐coding regulators of gene expression and key factors in development, disease, and targets for bioengineering. Consequently, microRNAs have become essential elements of already burgeoning draft plant genome descriptions where their annotation is often particularly poor, contributing unduly to the corruption of public databases. Using the Citrus sinensis as an example, we highlight and review common failings of miRNAome annotations. Understanding and exploiting the role of miRNAs in plant biology will be stymied unless the research community acts decisively to improve the accuracy of miRNAome annotations. We encourage genome annotation teams to do it right or not at all.
Use of Loess as Adsorbent for Recovery of Li+ from Seawater
Authors: Kim Daeik , Choi Jong‐Ha , Hong Yong Pyo , Ryoo Keon Sang
Published: January 2017

In this study, a natural loess soil was evaluated as an adsorbent of Li+ in seawater. Only Li+ was adsorbed preferentially by loess over other cations in seawater despite having the lowest concentration. The adsorption studies of Li+ with loess were assessed using the batch equilibration method. In batch adsorption experiment, the various factors such as agitation time, initial concentration, and amount of dose were investigated. Adsorption isotherm and kinetic studies were performed to quantify the adsorption capacity and adsorption rate of Li+ by loess from seawater. The equilibrium data of adsorption were fitted by using the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models. It was seen that the Langmuir isotherm is better in describing the adsorption process of Li+ by loess due to its higher correlation coefficient R2 value. The maximum adsorption capacity of loess for Li+ obtained by Langmuir isotherm was 0.193 mg/g. The pseudo‐first‐order, the pseudo‐second‐order, and the intra‐particle diffusion kinetic models were employed to analyze the time‐dependent adsorption rate of Li+. It was found that the adsorption of Li+ closely follows the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model, from which a very accurate estimation of the equilibrium adsorption capacity (qe,cal) was achieved, as well as the higher R2. Because of its low‐cost and high selectivity towards Li+, loess could be probably an applicable adsorbent for the recovery of Li+ from seawater.
Highly Efficient Synthetic Method on Pyroacm Resin Using the Boc SPPS Protocol for C‐terminal Cysteine Peptide Synthesis
Authors: Juvekar Vinayak , Kim Kang‐Tae , Gong Young‐Dae
Published: January 2017

A very effective process on Pyroacm resin was developed for solid‐phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) of C‐terminal cysteine and cysteine ester peptides. The process uses cysteine side chain anchoring to the Pyroacm resin and the Boc protocol for SPPS. The Pyroacm resin showed remarkable stability under standard trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TFMSA) cleavage condition. TFMSA cleavage of protecting groups generates a peptide‐linked resin, which can be subjected to peptide modification reactions. Finally, the peptide can be cleaved from the resin using methoxycarbonylsulfenyl chloride. The utility of this protocol was demonstrated by its applications to the synthesis of model peptides, key intermediates in the preparation of natural products riparin 1.2 and a‐factor.
Development of a UPLC‐MS/MS method for routine therapeutic drug monitoring of aripiprazole, amisulpride, olanzapine, paliperidone and ziprasidone with a discussion of their therapeutic reference ranges for Chinese patients
Authors: Wang Shao‐Ting , Li Yan
Published: January 2017

A highly feasible and reliable ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method was presented for therapeutic drug monitoring of five anti‐schizophrenic drugs (amisulpride, olanzapine, aripiprazole, paliperidone and ziprasidone) simultaneously. To meet the requirements of practical clinical usage (easy handling, high throughput and cost effectiveness), the pretreatment process was simplified (only including protein precipitation and mobile phase dilution steps) and the UPLC separation cycle was set within 6 min. The whole methodology was carefully validated according to the latest international guidelines showing the excellent selectivity, accuracy, precision, applicability and stability. After a 10 month clinical application, a retrospective analysis of 253 positive samples was carried out to investigate conformance with the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Neuropsychopharmakologie und Pharmakopsychiatrie therapeutic reference range for Chinese patients. The results suggested good consistency for olanzapine, aripiprazole, paliperidone and ziprasidone, while for amisulpride, the plasma concentration level (445.2 ± 231.5 ng/mL) was relatively higher than the recommended range (100–320 ng/mL). We supposed that such phenomenon indicated the necessity of reconstructing a Chinese‐specific therapeutic reference range for amisulpride treatment, which would be helpful to improve medication efficiency and safety for Chinese patients.
The role of negative publicity in consumer evaluations of sports stars and their sponsors
Authors: Yoon Sung‐Wook , Shin Seongyeon
Published: January 2017

This paper aims to specify and test empirically the impact that two types of negative information (immorality and incompetence) about a sports star have on consumers' perceptions of the sports star and the sponsor. The moderating role of game relevance (game‐related and non‐game‐related) and fan identification with a sports star (high identification and low identification) are also investigated. Using a sample of South Korean consumers (n = 249), we found in the experiment that the type of negative information affects participants' attitudes toward the sports star and the sponsor. This result implies that a sports star's involvement in negative events not only damages the star's reputation but also detracts from the value of the sponsor company. The results also show that the two factors moderate the main effects of negative publicity on consumers' perception of the sports star and his or her sponsor. First, the negative publicity about the sports star's functional issues (e.g., a career‐threatening injury) negatively affects consumer attitude toward the sports star and the sponsor more in the out‐of‐game context than in the in‐game situation. Second, bad sports star publicity has a greater negative effect on consumer perception of sponsors for lowly identified than highly identified sports stars, while the moderating effect on consumer perception of the sports star is not significant. Detailed practical implications and academic contributions are discussed. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sustainable Synthesis of Balsalazide and Sulfasalazine Based on Diazotization with Low Concentrations of Nitrogen Dioxide in Air
Authors: Hofmann Dagmar , Gans Eva , Krüll Jasmin , Heinrich Markus R.
Published: January 2017

Low concentrations of nitrogen dioxide, which arises as a side product from a range of industrial processes, can effectively be recycled through the diazotization of anilines. The studies reported herein now demonstrate that the removal of nitrogen dioxide from gas streams is even more effective when hydrophilic anilines are used as starting materials. The diazonium salts, which are obtained in this way in up to quantitative yields, can directly be employed in azo coupling reactions, thus opening up an attractive route to the industrially important group of azo compounds.
Complexation of Racemic 2,6‐Helic[6]arene and Its Hexamethyl‐Substituted Derivative with Quaternary Ammonium Salts, N‐Heterocyclic Salts, and Tetracyanoquinodimethane
Authors: Zhang Geng‐Wu , Li Peng‐Fei , Wang Han‐Xiao , Han Ying , Chen Chuan‐Feng
Published: January 2017

Complexation of racemic 2,6‐helic[6]arene 1 and its hexamethyl‐substituted derivative 2 with quaternary ammonium salts, N‐heterocyclic salts, and tetracyanoquinodimethane have been described in detail. It was found that host 2 could form stable complexes with acetyl choline, thiaacetyl choline, N,N,N‐trimethylbenzenammonium salt, pyridinium, and 4,4′‐bipyridinium salts in solution and/or in the solid state. The unsubstituted macrocycle 1 showed more significant complexation with the widely tested quaternary ammonium salts and N‐heterocyclic salts, and exhibited stronger complexation towards the guests than its derivative 2. Moreover, it was found that macrocycle 1 and its derivative 2 could also complex with neutral electron‐deficient tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ), and the association constants were determined to be 2840±94 and 1358±46 m−1, respectively. These results could make this new macrocycle and its derivatives find wide applications in the design and construction of functional supramolecular assemblies.
A pilot randomized controlled trial of cognitive bias modification to reduce fear of breast cancer recurrence
Authors: Lichtenthal Wendy G. , Corner Geoffrey W. , Slivjak Elizabeth T. , Roberts Kailey E. , Li Yuelin , Breitbart William , Lacey Stephanie , Tuman Malwina , DuHamel Katherine N. , Blinder Victoria S. , Beard Courtney
Published: January 2017

BACKGROUND

The most common, persistent concern among survivors of breast cancer is the fear that their disease will return, yet to the authors' knowledge, few interventions targeting fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) have been developed to date. The current pilot study examined the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of a home‐delivered cognitive bias modification intervention to reduce FCR. The intervention, called Attention and Interpretation Modification for Fear of Breast Cancer Recurrence (AIM‐FBCR), targeted 2 types of cognitive biases (ie, attention and interpretation biases).

METHODS

A total of 110 survivors of breast cancer were randomized to receive 8 sessions of 1 of 2 versions of AIM‐FBCR or a control condition program. Computer‐based assessments of cognitive biases and a self‐report measure of FCR were administered before the intervention, after the intervention, and 3 months after the intervention.

RESULTS

Improvements in health worries (P = .019) and interpretation biases (rates of threat endorsement [P<.001] and reaction times for threat rejection [P = .007]) were found in those survivors who received AIM‐FBCR compared with the control arm. Although only 26% of participants who screened into the study agreed to participate, the trial otherwise appeared feasible and acceptable, with 83% of those who initiated the intervention completing at least 5 of 8 sessions, and 90% reporting satisfaction with the computer‐based program used.

CONCLUSIONS

The results of the current pilot study suggest the promise of AIM‐FBCR in reducing FCR in survivors of breast cancer. Future research should attempt to replicate these findings in a larger‐scale trial using a more sophisticated, user‐friendly program and additional measures of improvement in more diverse samples. Cancer 2017;123:1424–1433. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
The Role of Interfaces in Heterostructures
Authors: Bärtsch Mario , Niederberger Markus
Published: January 2017

Nanocomposites represent an interesting class of materials because their applications are of multidisciplinary importance. Herein, interactions at the interface of heterostructures, leading to superior performance and sometimes to synergistic interactions, are highlighted. Although the types of junctions seem to be similar in different fields, the requirements for their function is device‐dependent and thus no generally valid recipe can be utilized. Nonetheless, the overlap between research fields unveils the unique opportunity to combine the different knowledge and expertise as an inspiration to designing new composites for photoelectrochemical water splitting, photocatalysis, chemoresistive sensors, batteries, and composite multiferroics. A non‐comprehensive overview is provided with focus on selected examples to highlight the concepts behind these nanojunctions.
Heat flow through a plasma sheath in the presence of secondary electron emission from plasma‐wall interaction
Authors: Ou Jing , Zhao Xiaoyun
Published: January 2017

The formation of a plasma sheath in front of a negative wall emitting secondary electron is studied by a one‐dimensional fluid model. The model takes into account the effect of the ion temperature. With the secondary electron emission (SEE) coefficient obtained by integrating over the Maxwellian electron velocity distribution for various materials such as Be, C, Mo, and W, it is found that the wall potential depends strongly on the ion temperature and the wall material. Before the occurrence of the space‐charge‐limited (SCL) emission, the wall potential decreases with increasing ion temperature. The variation of the sheath potential caused by SEE affects the sheath energy transmission and impurity sputtering yield. If SEE is below SCL emission, the energy transmission coefficient always varies with the wall materials as a result of the effect of SEE, and it increases as the ion temperature is increased. By comparison of with and without SEE, it is found that sputtering yields have pronounced differences for low ion temperatures but are almost the same for high ion temperatures.
Determination of bubble size distribution in gas–liquid two‐phase systems via an ultrasound‐based method
Authors: Chen Xue , Hussein Mohamed , Becker Thomas
Published: January 2017

Over the past few years, ultrasonic techniques are increasingly used to determine bubble size distribution in gas–liquid two‐phase systems. However, the development of a precise and efficient measuring system is very challenging because bubbles are dynamic and unstable relative to time and space in a moving fluid, thus hindering an accurate validation of the measuring system. Therefore, this study examined the possibility of using artificial bubbles to establish an ultrasonic measuring system.

The main concept for this study involved developing an ultrasound‐based measuring system with the aid of a certain type of artificial bubbles. The developed system was subsequently adapted to the bypass pipeline of a propagator to demonstrate the reliability of this concept. The results indicated that the established system could measure a microbubble size distribution with a root mean squared error of validation that corresponded to 0.1243 % v/v. Additionally, the estimates of real bubble measurement agreed well with the reference method. Thus, this study demonstrated that the developed system could be a potential method to determine bubble size distributions in gas–liquid two‐phase systems.
Polyvinylamine‐coated polyester fibers as a carrier matrix for the immobilization of peroxidases
Authors: Kiehl Katharina , Opwis Klaus , Gutmann Jochen S.
Published: January 2017

Biocatalytic transformations that employ immobilized enzymes become increasingly important for industrial applications. Synthetic or natural textile fiber materials such as polyester, polyamide or viscose are support materials that are comparatively inexpensive. Contrary to traditional support materials, their flexibility enables their use in reactors of any geometry and a fast and residue‐free removal from batch reactors. In this study a permanently immobilized peroxidase (Baylase®) has been investigated on polyester felt as a solid support as a new heterogeneous catalyst system. The polyester felt was functionalized by coating with polyvinylamine and subsequent activation with glutaraldehyde as a crosslinking agent. The enzyme load on the textile surface, the activity of the immobilized protein after repeated use as well as the storage stability was evaluated. Scanning electron micrographs and UV Vis spectroscopy made it possible to verify the enzyme immobilization on the textile surface. Furthermore, the load of immobilized peroxidase was determined by ICP OE spectrometry to be 9–12 mg per gram of textile. The activity of immobilized Baylase® remained high over 35 reaction cycles and a storage period of 8 weeks.
Direct light field rendering without 2D image generation
Authors: Jeong Young Ju , Chang Hyun Sung , Nam Dongkyung , Kuo C.‐C. Jay
Published: January 2017

Rapid developments in 3D display technologies have enabled consumers to enjoy 3D environments in an increasingly immersive manner through various display systems such as stereoscopic, multiview, and light field displays. However, there is a corresponding increase in the complexity of the conventional multiview rendering process in the attempt to achieve a sufficient level of reality, which may hinder the further commercial viability of 3D display products based on such a conventional approach. This paper proposes a novel method, the so‐called direct light field rendering, which can compose the display 3D panel image without reconstructing all the multiview images beforehand. Interpreting the 3D display as sampling in the light field domain, we attempt to directly compute only the necessary samples, not the entire light fields or multiview images. Our proposed algorithm involves the solving of linear systems of two variables, thereby requiring remarkably low computational complexities. Experimental results show that the computation time and memory usage remain as little as 12% and 1% of those required by the conventional one.
Laboratory Studies on the Influence of Rainfall Pattern on Rill Erosion and Its Runoff and Sediment Characteristics
Authors: He Ji‐jun , Sun Li‐ying , Gong Hui‐li , Cai Qiang‐guo
Published: January 2017

Rill is a major type of erosion on upland slopes. Continuous rainfall is commonly used in laboratory studies on rill erosion despite the fact the rainfall was often discontinuous in the field; this is particularly true in the Chinese Loess Plateau. This study compares rill erosion under continuous and intermittent rainfalls by using laboratory experiments. The experiments include two rainfall‐intensity treatments (90 and 120 mm h−1) and two rainfall‐pattern treatments (continuous and intermittent). The results indicate that rill formation had a significant effect on runoff and sediment concentration. For continuous and intermittent rainfall at the rainfall intensity of 90 mm h−1, the mean sediment concentrations were 1·91 and 1·73 times after rill initiation than those before rill initiation, respectively, and the rill erosion accounted for 75·5% and 77·7% of runoff duration, respectively. For continuous and intermittent rainfall at the rainfall intensity of 120 mm h−1, the mean sediment concentrations after rill initiation were 1·38 and 1·32 times that those before rill initiation, respectively, and the rill erosion represented 88·7% and 78·8% of the total runoff duration, respectively. We observed sediment sorting under all treatments; however, the low rainfall intensity boosted but the high rainfall intensity lowered the clay fraction; in contrast, the sorting remained roughly the same between the rainfall‐pattern treatments. The runoff velocity also affected the sediment sorting. Our empirical results indicated the important significance of the rainfall intermittence in predicting rill erosion. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the topological type of a set of plane valuations with symmetries
Authors: Campillo A. , Delgado F. , Gusein‐Zade S. M.
Published: January 2017

Let be a set of irreducible plane curve singularities. For an action of a finite group G, let be the Alexander polynomial in variables of the algebraic link and let with identical variables in each group. (If , is the monodromy zeta function of the function germ , where is an equation defining the curve C1.) We prove that determines the topological type of the link L. We prove an analogous statement for plane divisorial valuations formulated in terms of the Poincaré series of a set of valuations.
Analytical considerations for determination of the microstructures of sulfur‐cured solution styrene − butadiene rubbers
Authors: Choi Sung‐Seen , Kim Yeowool , Kwon Hyuk‐Min
Published: January 2017

The microstructures of solution styrene − butadiene copolymer (S‐SBR) vulcanizates were analyzed using liquid H NMR spectroscopy and transmission Fourier transform IR spectroscopy, and the results were compared with the raw S‐SBRs. The microstructures of the cured and raw S‐SBRs were different because of the pendent group formed by the cure accelerator and cis − trans isomerization. The styrene and trans‐1,4‐unit contents of the cured S‐SBRs were larger than those of the raw S‐SBRs, whereas the 1,2‐unit contents of the cured S‐SBRs were on the whole smaller than those of the raw S‐SBRs. The results of NMR and IR spectroscopy were also compared. Considering the analytical error ranges and consistency of the analysis results, a proper analytical method and process are suggested. NMR analysis results had narrower error ranges and better correlation than IR spectroscopy results. It was was found to be acceptable that the cis‐1,4‐unit contents were obtained by subtracting the trans‐1,4‐unit contents from the 1,4‐unit contents determined by NMR analysis. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Norbornylized soybean oil as a sustainable new plasticizer for rubbers with hybrid fillers
Authors: Li Jiaxi , Isayev Avraam I , Ren Xiaofeng , Soucek Mark D
Published: January 2017

Carbon black (CB) and precipitated silica are two major reinforcing fillers in rubbers. CB/silica hybrid filler is also widely used in rubbers to provide balanced properties. CB/silica‐hybrid‐filler‐filled styrene‐butadiene rubber (SBR) containing naphthenic oil (NO), soybean oil (SO) and norbornylized SO (NSO) was investigated. The swelling and curing behavior and rheological, mechanical, thermal, aging and dynamic properties were studied and compared with earlier reported data on CB‐ or silica‐filled SBR. NSO provides better scorch safety and faster cure than SO. Compared with NO, the addition of SO and NSO enhances the thermal stability and aging resistance of SBR vulcanizates. SBR/NSO vulcanizates with hybrid filler exhibit a higher tensile and tear strength than SBR/NO and SBR/SO vulcanizates. A synergistic effect in the abrasion resistance of vulcanizates containing the hybrid filler is observed. An increase of sulfur content in the hybrid‐filler‐filled SBR/NSO vulcanizates provides further improvement in abrasion resistance, wet traction and rolling resistance. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Influence of molar mass on the thermal properties, conductivity and intermolecular interaction of poly(ethylene oxide) solid polymer electrolytes
Authors: Harun Fatin , Chan Chin Han , Winie Tan
Published: January 2017

The sample preparation pathway of solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) influences their thermal properties, which in turn governs the ionic conductivity of the materials especially for systems consisting of a crystallizable constituent. Majority of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)‐based SPEs with molar masses of PEO well above 104 g mol−1 (where PEO is crystallizable and should reach an asymptote in thermal behaviour) display molar mass dependence of the thermal properties and ionic conductivities in non‐equilibrium conditions, as reported in the literature. In this study, PEO of different viscosity‐molar masses (Mη = 3 × 105, 6 × 105, 1 × 106, 4 × 106 g mol−1) and LiClO4 salt (0 to 16.7 wt%) were used. The SPEs were thermally treated under inert atmosphere above the melting temperature of PEO and then cooled down for subsequent isothermal crystallization for sufficient experimental time to develop morphology close to equilibrium conditions. The thermal properties (e.g. glass transition temperature, melting temperature, crystallinity) according to differential scanning calorimetry and the ionic conductivity obtained from impedance spectroscopy at room temperature (σDC ∼ 10−6 S cm−1) demonstrate insignificant variation with respect to the molar mass of PEO at constant salt concentration. These findings are in agreement with the PEO crystalline structures using X‐ray diffraction and ion − dipole interaction by Fourier transform infrared results. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Evaluating the Effects of Culvert Designs on Ecosystem Processes in Northern Wisconsin Streams
Authors: Olson J. C. , Marcarelli A. M. , Timm A. L. , Eggert S. L. , Kolka R. K.
Published: January 2017

Culvert replacements are commonly undertaken to restore aquatic organism passage and stream hydrologic and geomorphic conditions, but their effects on ecosystem processes are rarely quantified. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of two culvert replacement designs on stream ecosystem processes. The stream simulation design, where culverts accommodate bankfull width and streambeds are reconstructed through the culvert, was compared with the bankfull and backwater design, where streambeds were left to fill naturally, as well as to non‐replaced culverts. We predicted that stream simulation culverts would best preserve water velocity and coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM) retention within the culvert relative to upstream reaches, and that both replaced culvert styles would exhibit rates closer to upstream reaches than non‐replaced culverts. In addition, we predicted that ecosystem processes (CPOM retention, transient storage and nutrient uptake) would be similar in reaches upstream and downstream of both replaced culvert styles, because both designs are constructed to maintain stream slopes and bankfull widths through the structure. We found that stream simulation design better maintained CPOM retention through culverts compared with non‐replaced and bankfull and backwater design culverts, but observed no differences in ecosystem processes between reaches located upstream or downstream of replaced culverts. Although the stream simulation design requires additional streambed construction relative to the bankfull and backwater design, this step may lead to additional improvement if maintaining ecological conditions through the culvert is an important restoration goal. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Second Stage of Upper Bainite in a 0.3 Mass Pct C Steel
Authors: Yin Jiaqing , Hillert Mats , Borgenstam Annika
Published: January 2017

Upper bainite forms in at least two stages, the formation of parallel plates of ferrite and the transformation of the interspaces to a mixture of cementite and ferrite. The first stage was examined in a preceding metallographic study of the formation of ferrite in hypoeutectoid steels and the second stage, which is initiated by the occurrence of cementite in the interspaces, is the subject of the present study. The alloy from the preceding study will also be used here. The band of austenite in the interspaces between parallel plates is generally transformed by a degenerate eutectoid transformation when this band is thin. When it is thicker, it will transform by a more cooperative growth mechanism and result in a eutectoid colony, often with cementite platelets. A series of sketches are presented which illustrate in detail how the second stage of upper bainite progresses according to the present observations. The cooperative manner did not increase as the temperature was lowered because the tendency to form plates of ferrite was still increasing at lower temperatures, making the interspaces too narrow for the cooperative reaction to dominate over the formation of fine plates of ferrite.