bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Applying the National Lung Screening Trial eligibility criteria to the US population: what percent of the population and of incident lung cancers would be covered?
Authors: Pinsky Paul F , Berg Christine D
Published: October 2012

The National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) demonstrated a 20% reduction in lung cancer mortality for screening with low-dose computed tomography versus chest radiography. The major NLST eligibility criteria were age 55–74, a 30 + pack year smoking history and current smoking status or having quit in the last 15 years. We utilized data from SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results), the United States (US) Census and the National Health Interview Survey, as well as two statistical models of lung cancer risk, to estimate the proportion of the total US population and of those currently diagnosed with lung cancer that would be covered by the NLST and other suggested eligibility criteria. For the NLST criteria, 26.7% of lung cancers and 6.2% of the population (over 40) were covered. A criterion of ever smokers aged 50–79 would cover 68% of the cancers while screening 30% of the (over 40) population. To extend recommended screening beyond the NLST eligibility criteria, two questions are key. First, can the 20% mortality reduction observed in NLST be extrapolated to populations at moderately lower risk? Second, given that such an extrapolation is valid, what background incidence rate is high enough for the balance between the benefits and harms of screening to be favourable? Further research on these questions is needed.
Efficacy versus effectiveness study design within the European screening trial for prostate cancer: consequences for cancer incidence, overall mortality and cancer-specific mortality
Authors: Zhu Xiaoye , van Leeuwen Pim J , Holmberg Erik , Bul Meelan , Carlsson Sigrid , Schröder Fritz H , Roobol Monique J , Hugosson Jonas
Published: October 2012

Objective

To assess the impact of different study designs on outcome data within the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC).

Methods

Observed data from the Gothenburg centre (effectiveness trial with upfront randomization before informed consent) and the Rotterdam centre (efficacy trial with randomization after informed consent) were compared with expected data, which were retrieved from national cancer registries and life tables. Endpoints were 11-year cumulative prostate cancer (PC) incidence, overall mortality and PC-specific mortality.

Results

In Gothenburg, the 11-year PC incidence was higher than predicted (5.8%) in both the intervention (12.4%) and control arms (7.3%). The observed overall mortality was higher than predicted (15.9%) in both the intervention (17.8%) and control arms (18.5%). The observed PC-specific mortality in the intervention arm was 0.56% versus 0.83% in the control arm, while the expected mortality was 0.83%. In Rotterdam, the observed PC incidence in the intervention arm (10.4%) was higher than expected (4.4%). The incidence in the control arm was 4.6%. The observed overall mortality was lower than expected: 13.6% in the intervention arm and 14.0% in the control arm versus an expected mortality of 16.1%. The observed PC-specific mortality was lower than expected (0.65%) in both the intervention (0.27%) and control arms (0.41%).

Conclusions

Our results suggest that an efficacy trial with informed consent prior to randomization may have introduced a ‘healthy screenee bias’. Therefore, an effectiveness trial with consent after randomization may more accurately estimate the PC-specific mortality reduction if population-based screening is introduced.
Decision Trees with Single and Multiple Interval-Valued Objectives
Authors: Barker Kash , Wilson Kaycee J.
Published: October 2012

Important to decision making is recognition of what today's decisions have on future options, and an oft-used tool to aid in this problem is the decision tree. This paper addresses situations in which uncertainty arises in the objectives associated with different sequential decision paths and provides a decision tree for uncertain parameters where only bounds, not distributions, are known. Single- and multiple-objective interval-valued decision trees are introduced. Interval arithmetic is used for the decision tree rollback process. To address the difficulty of an interval-valued comparison of alternatives, several decision rules, as well as a probabilistic approach, are discussed in the decision tree context. The interval-valued decision trees are deployed in a simple maintenance, repair, and overhaul decision-making illustration.
Gender and communication: Contemporary research questions
Authors: Tortajada Iolanda , Bauwel Sofie Van
Published: October 2012

This special issue on Gender Relations in the Media is to be understood in the context of certain topics and important discussions in the area of feminist media studies, including post-feminism, sexualization, gender violence and feminist research methodologies. This set of articles
brings together important aspects regarding the future of the field, such as newsroom studies from a professional perspective, the glass ceiling faced by female professionals, the need for consensus on the concepts we use to analyse gender inequalities, the construction of femininity and masculinity
from gendered representations and the incorporation of a gender perspective in the media professional practices. This special issue includes articles by authors of very diverse origins and covers a wide range of themes, making for an issue rich in material for discussion and reflection.
A systematic review of gender and advertising studies
Authors: Navarro-Beltrá Marián , Llaguno Marta Martín
Published: October 2012

Feminist studies have repeatedly analysed advertising, which is considered a socialization agent capable of maintaining traditional gender attitudes. In recent decades, the amount of scientific research related to gender and advertising has increased. In this context, using a quantitative
method we examine concepts, characteristics, productivity and specific procedures used for measuring sexism in the field of advertising. For this purpose, we carried out a systematic review of 215 articles published in English and Spanish between 1988 and 2010 and included in seven national
and international databases. Our results show that, despite an increase in the amount of research, the different elements of the advertising communication process have not been studied to the same degree and also that a variety of techniques have been used to measure sexism. Moreover, information
about the instruments and measurements used in these studies is incomplete.
The Spanish advertising industry and female advertising professionals:A gendered view of the creative department
Authors: Pueyo Natalia
Published: October 2012

The aim of this study was to analyse female participation among creative advertising professionals who worked on top advertising campaigns between 2004 and 2008 (according to the Spanish advertising trade press). A total of 581 advertising campaigns were reviewed. This study found evidence
of horizontal and vertical segregation in the advertising industry. Female advertising practitioners were under-represented in industry accolades. The lowest female participation was found in the creative department, while women outnumbered men in the account and the media services departments.
Segregation was found in job positions and team composition and gender division was encountered in the account categories creatives were working in. This study suggests that female creatives occupy lower job positions than men and are less involved in the decision-taking process of the final
advertising products.
Fact or farce? Female journalists’ perceptions of gender relations and under-representation in the Nigerian media
Authors: Nwabueze Chinenye
Published: October 2012

The focus of this work is on gender relations and representations in the media in Nigeria. While there are studies establishing a lower number of female journalists across the globe and press under-representation of women, there seems to be much less evidence that establishes whether
there is a relationship between the lower number of female journalists and press under-representation of women. We applied the research tradition of the newsroom ethnography method to investigate female journalists’ perceptions of gender relation issues in the media. Personal and group
interview techniques were used for this study of 30 female journalists in Nigeria. The findings revealed that the factors responsible for the low number of female journalists in Nigeria are that journalism requires and demands effort and commitment for success to be achieved (and this could
make some women feel they cannot combine the pressure with their domestic responsibilities as women), corruption in the media (the brown envelope syndrome), cultural factors and the fact that women do not want publicity. It was also revealed that a reason for under-representation of women
was largely because there were more male newsmakers in society. It was recommended that women should aspire to positions of authority to become newsmakers and that every necessary effort should be made to ensure equality in gender representation in the media and society in general since this
is essential for meaningful development, especially in the developing world.
Gender violence and the representation of sexual and affective relationships: Reflections on cross-media research
Authors: Araüna Núria
Published: October 2012

Here we reflect on the pervasiveness of a traditional model of gender relationships in media representations, considering the results of a cross-media project, funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, which studies whether the media encourage or prevent gender violence.
The traditional model, hegemonic in TV series and music videos, links violence and suffering to attraction and thus may promote the understanding of aggression and pain as constituents of desire and love. Moreover, especially in music videos, there is a growing amount of women’s post-feminist
portrayals that reify classical femininity at the same time that they over-come traditional limitations of women’s characters such as passivity or martyrdom. Instead, (new) pop divas like Lilly Allen or Madonna engage in a violent curse of revenge against masculinity. Results gain further
importance in relation with teenagers’ self-portrayals on the Internet, which strongly resemble the gendered representations found in the mainstream media.
Particle/Cordierite Monolithic Catalysts Dual-bed Reactor with Beds-interspace Supplementary Oxygen and Performance for Oxidative Coupling of Methane
Authors: Ji Shengfu , Wang Wenhua
Published: October 2012

A novel dual-bed reactor comprising of the upper-layer Na2WO4-Mn/SiO2 particle catalysts and the under-layer Na3PO4-Mn/SiO2/cordierite monolithic catalysts with beds-interspace supplementary oxygen was constructed for oxidative coupling of methane (OCM). The catalytic performance of OCM in the dual-bed reactor was remarkably improved compared with that in the previously reported chemical reactor for OCM.
Tornado Warnings in Three Southern States: A Qualitative Analysis of Public Response Patterns
Authors: Donner William R. , Rodriguez Havidan , Diaz Walter
Published: October 2012

Recent research in three Southern states supplied data describing the role community structure and culture played in shaping public response to tornado risks. The following study identifies and describes how residents received, made sense of, and ultimately used information to make decisions about responding to warnings. In addition to a range of theoretical concerns, research was also intended to develop a set of safety policies derived from what the data reveals about the social psychology of risk perception, economic constraints to shelter, and the cultural aspects of response. Data analysis reveals a diverse set of social factors governing community response to tornado warnings, including social networks, language, issues in comprehension, siren ambiguities, false alarms, tornado tracking, local business behaviors, warning specificity, and cultural myths.
Creating An Executive Doctorate In Civil Security In The United States
Authors: Collins John W. , Soo Hoo Tsung Y. (Bill) , Krantz Michael , Cosgrove Richard
Published: October 2012

For the past decade, over 300 programs have been developed and implemented in the field of Homeland Security. Very few exist at the doctorate level. This article shares the trials and tribulations over the past five years to create such a degree. The authors share their experiences from proposal development, through University-level approval, state approval and regional accreditation. Also, this doctorate takes on a new moniker for Homeland Security - "Civil" Security and focuses on Leadership, Management and Policy for aspiring executive-level candidates and those preparing for academia.
An Australian National Compact - Something old, something new?
Authors: Butcher John , Casey John , Dalton Bronwen
Published: October 2012

The Australian Labor Party (ALP) formed government under Prime Minister Kevin Rudd in 2007 promising to consult with the not-for-profit sector on the development of a national compact. It was the government’s aim to forge a new settlement with the sector after eleven years of Liberal/National Coalition government during which contractual governance rather than relational governance was the norm. The provenance of the National Compact, launched in March 2010, can be traced back to similar framework documents for inter-sectoral cooperation in the United Kingdom (principally, The Compact) and Canada (the Accord). The National Compact) cannot be explained solely in terms of policy diffusion or the predilection of centre-right political parties for policy instruments of this sort. Rather, explanation requires a more nuanced contextual analysis of the political and policy environment within which these frameworks emerged. In this article we compare the range of factors contributing to the development of The Compact (UK), the Accord) (Canada) and the National Compact (Australia). We apply a similar analysis to policy frameworks in selected Australian states. We conclude that compacts arrive on the policy agenda via the opening of policy windows and through the actions of policy entrepreneurs. Policy windows and the attention of policy entrepreneurs might be both contextual and therefore, time-limited. We consider the range of factors that appear to have a bearing on the impact and durability of inter-sectoral policy frameworks in each jurisdiction in order to draw tentative conclusions about the prospects for the Australian National Compact.
Surviving Over Time and Space? The Experience of the English Compact
Authors: Taylor Marilyn
Published: October 2012

Since it was first agreed in the autumn of 1998, the English Compact has achieved international status, as a marker of – or vehicle for - a new and improved relationship between the state and the third sector. Over the twelve years or so since its first publication, it has been supplemented by local compacts across the country and has been ‘refreshed’ or renewed twice. As such it has proved remarkably durable across time and space. But the political context in which it operates has now changed. A government committed to partnership has been replaced by one with a strong ideological commitment to limiting the powers and role of the state. How will this affect its future role?
On the Dialogue between the Swedish Government and Civil Society Organizations
Authors: Orn Peter
Published: October 2012

The vision was to form an agreement between the government, idea-based organizations in the social sphere, and the Swedish Association of Local Authorities and Regions. One of the aims was to clarify the role of the idea-based organizations in the social sector, making it possible for them operate and compete on equal terms with the public and private actors. I was to lead a small group of people working in the ministries of Integration and Gender Equality and Ministry of Health and Social Affairs. The working group would report to Christer Hallerby and his colleague Karin Johansson.
Editor-in-Chief's Introductory Note
Authors: Young Dennis R.
Published: October 2012

This issue of Nonprofit Policy Forum is our first special issue and it is led by an editorial team of our partners in Sweden – Marta Reuter, Filip Wijkstrom and Johan von Essen. The issue analyzes a development of growing worldwide interest – the emergence and evolution of formal “compacts” between the nonprofit or voluntary sector and the government in a given country. As the authors here explain, the first compact was established in the United Kingdom in 1998 and has led to adoption and adaptation of compacts in many more countries since then. Moreover, the concept is being pursued not only at the national level, but also in local jurisdictions within federally structured countries as well. In addition, the compact idea has crossed over the boundaries of British commonwealth countries into countries with other policy and governance traditions, including Scandinavia, where the concept has taken on new directions and meanings.
Differences in population parameters of Rattus norvegicus in urban and rural habitats of central Argentina
Authors: Villafañe Isabel E. Gómez , Cavia Regino , Victoria Vadell María , Suárez Olga V. , Busch María
Published: October 2012

Life history characteristics are influenced by both biotic and abiotic factors of the environment. The aim of this study was to compare the life history strategies of
Mit die schönsten und heitersten Stunden:
System und Gebrauch der Partikelvorkommen
von mit im gesprochenen Deutsch
Authors: Bücker Jörg
Published: October 2012

This study focuses on the forms and functions of the German particle mit
in everyday talk-in-interaction. In the first section it is shown that two
types of mit can be distinguished for syntactic and semantic reasons. Type
one has characteristics of an additive focus particle which is part of the
verbal phrase and occurs in the central part of the middle field. Type two
forms a syntactic unit with superlatives and indicates that the referent of
the superlative phrase does not exclusively have the respective quality to
the highest degree. Hence, it can be classified as an inclusive particle. Even
though some instances allow for a reading of mit both as an additive particle
and an including particle (in these instances, the including reading is
usually dominant since the additive reading would affect a part of the informational
background), the additive and the including meaning compete if
they affect the same constituent. The second section of this article shows
how prosodic features, communicative practices and the topical organization
of conversation interact in order to disambiguate local uses of mit or
to emphasize either an additive or an including reading of mit.
Internecine Secret Service Wars Revisited. The Intelligence Career of Count Gerhard von Schwerin, 1945–1956
Authors: Searle Alaric
Published: October 2012

For many years, the former general Count Gerhard von Schwerin was celebrated in Aachen as a man who sought to save the city from destruction in September 1944. Recently, however, his reputation has come under attack through a report produced by three historians at the University of Aachen. According to the report, his anti-Nazi credentials are also questionable since they are based purely upon Schwerin’s own post-war testimony. This article argues that any final verdict on Schwerin must take into account British and American source material relating to his post-war career in intelligence. Not only was Schwerin involved in the foundation of two intelligence organisations while serving as Konrad Adenauer’s adviser on rearmament (May October 1950), he also worked as an agent for the Central Intelligence Agency (1951–1953) and advised Kurt Schumacher and Franz Josef Strauß on intelligence questions. A determined critic of Reinhard Gehlen, Schwerin’s behind-the-scenes campaign for strong democratic control of the intelligence services, and the trust he was accorded by Allied intelligence officials, suggests that current views on his career require revision.
Sacrifice and Recognition in Carlos Reygadas's Japón
Authors: Epplin Craig
Published: October 2012

In his films, Carlos Reygadas eschews transparent narratives and advances no immediately clear political point of view. However, it is at the level of form that his films intervene in the political context of the Mexican and global present. This intervention becomes clear around two key concepts for the modern state form, concepts whose valence has been transformed under neoliberalism: sacrifice and recognition. Corresponding roughly to death and life, the terms provide a lens through which to read Reygadas's films as a comment on the immanence of contemporary political life, on its reduction to the common denominator of capital.
Emilio Uranga, ideólogo del lopezmateísmo
Authors: Hurtado Guillermo , Niszt Florencia
Published: October 2012

Este artículo examina las opiniones sobre la Revolución mexicana que el filósofo Emilio Uranga ofreció en diversos artículos periodísticos entre 1960 y 1961. Frente a los intelectuales que simpatizaban con la oposición de izquierda, el filósofo defiende la posición oficial con sutiles recursos dialécticos.
El declive del contrabando de indocumentados en México
Authors: Palacios Simón Pedro Izcara
Published: October 2012

El fortalecimiento de la política de control fronterizo durante las últimas dos décadas ha generado un incremento en la demanda de los servicios que prestan los polleros y ha hecho que sus tarifas suban. Está muy extendida la idea de que el incremento de las tarifas ha provocado que las redes de contrabandistas de indocumentados se hayan vuelto más sofisticadas, mejor organizadas y más rentables; de modo que los polleros que operaban a pequeña escala han sido desbancados por organizaciones criminales vinculadas a los cárteles de la droga que muestran un desprecio total por las vidas humanas. El presente artículo cuestiona estos planteamientos y concluye que el coyotaje ha dejado de ser rentable porque las redes de contrabando de indocumentados tienen que pagar elevadas cuotas por atravesar corredores controlados por los grupos delictivos, y el número de migrantes dispuestos a cruzar a los Estados Unidos ha disminuido debido a la violencia.
Violence, Governance, and Economic Development at the U.S.-Mexico Border: The Case of Nuevo Laredo and Its Lessons
Authors: Navarro Freddy Mariñez , Vivas Leonardo
Published: October 2012

The paper seeks to make sense of the impacts and responses to the current war on drugs in Nuevo Laredo. In it, the impacts of Drug Trafficking Organizations (DTOs) in Nuevo Laredo as well as prospects for recovery are examined from three perspectives: a political economy analysis of competitiveness in a border city; the specifics of illegal drug business in Mexico as compared to Colombia using Michael Porter's “Competitiveness Diamond”; and the strategies of local government to regain governance. The results are summarized in five theses about how Nuevo Laredo's international trade culture affects how they cope with cartel violence.
Hate as an Aggravating Factor in Sentencing
Authors: Al-Hakim Mohamad , Dimock Susan
Published: October 2012

Our principal concern in this paper is with the accusation that hate crime legislation violates the principle of proportionality and related principles of just sentencing, such as parity, fair notice, and representative labelling. We argue that most attempts to reconcile enhanced punishment for hate crimes with the principle of proportionality fail. More specifically, it seems that any argument that tries to justify hate crime legislation on the grounds that such crimes are more serious because their consequential harms are worse or their perpetrators are more culpable than their nonhateful counterparts will fail, and thus enhanced punishment will violate the principle of proportionality.

Given the seeming irreconcilable tension between proportionality and hate crime legislation, we turn to consideration of hybrid theories of punishment that permit deviations from strict proportionality when needed to serve other important and legitimate purposes of sentencing. We argue that even if such hybrid theories can justify the enhanced punishments for hate crimes, existing theories cannot provide any principled limit on the extent from which proportionality can be deviated. We suggest such a limit and provide a principled justification for it.
Identifying and Treating a Substandard Housing Cluster Using a Medical-Legal Partnership
Authors: Beck Andrew F. , Klein Melissa D. , Schaffzin Joshua K. , Tallent Virginia , Gillam Marcheta , Kahn Robert S.
Published: October 2012

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

There is a documented connection between the home environment and health. Medical-legal partnerships (MLPs) can address social and environmental determinants of health. Our objective was to describe a cluster of substandard housing identified and treated by an MLP based in a pediatric primary care setting.

METHODS:

Potential cases of poor-quality housing were identified during outpatient primary care. A case was defined as any rented housing unit with a reported unaddressed housing risk within a defined building portfolio (owned by a single developer) in which ≥1 child lived. An on-site MLP offered affected families legal services including ordinance enforcement and connection to resources. They also initiated portfolio-wide advocacy. Legal advocates reported case outcomes. Medical history and household demographics were collected from the medical record and compared with clinic-wide data by using Fisher’s exact test or χ2 statistics.

RESULTS:

After identification of a single case, an additional 15 cases were identified. Pest infestation was the most common initial risk identified. Of 14 units with outcome data, repairs were completed in 10 (71%). Of the 19 building complexes with the same owner, 11 received significant systemic repairs. Of the 45 children living within the 16 identified case units, 36% had asthma, 33% had developmental delay or behavioral disorder, and 9% had an elevated lead level. Affected children were more likely to have one of these diagnoses than the general clinic population (all P < .01).

CONCLUSIONS:

An MLP identified and improved home environmental conditions for children living in a cluster of substandard housing.
Internet Access and Attitudes Toward Online Personal Health Information Among Detained Youth
Authors: Gaskin Gregory L. , Longhurst Christopher A. , Anoshiravani Arash
Published: October 2012

OBJECTIVE:

To assess Internet access and usage patterns among high-risk youth involved in the juvenile justice system, and to determine if health information technology tools might play a useful role in more actively engaging this population in their health care.

METHODS:

A sample of 79 youth between the ages of 13 and 18 years old underwent a structured interview while detained in a large, Northern California juvenile detention facility. After an institutional review board-approved assent/consent process, youth discussed their typical Internet use when not detained, as well as their attitudes toward online access to their personal health information (PHI).

RESULTS:

Detained youth from predominantly underserved, minority communities, reported high levels of access to the Internet while outside of the detention setting, with 97% reporting using the Internet at least once per month and 87% at least weekly. Furthermore, 90% of these youth expressed interest in accessing their PHI online and sharing it with either parents or physicians.

CONCLUSIONS:

Detained adolescents describe unexpectedly high usage of the Internet and online resources when they are outside of the juvenile hall setting. These youth show an interest in, and may benefit from, accessing their PHI online. Further studies are needed to understand the potential health benefits that may be realized by engaging this population through online tools.
Treatment of pretibial myxoedema with pentoxifylline
Authors: Türke Boglárka , Balázs Csaba
Published: October 2012

Pretibial myxoedema is a rare symptom of Graves’ disease. Histological studies detected mucopolysaccharide and glycosaminoglycan accumulation, and the role of anti-TSH receptor antibodies has been suggested. In this paper the authors present the case of a 34-year-old male patient with pretibial myxoedema treated successfully with pentoxifylline. In his case history multiple autoimmune diseases (type 1 diabetes mellitus, Graves’ disease with severe ophthalmopathy) concomitantly occurred. His severe pretibial myxoedema was undiagnosed and untreated at the time of admission. Because of his diabetes, steroid was contraindicated, which made the choice of the treatment more difficult. He received first intradermal, then intravenous and, finally, oral pentoxifylline, which resulted in a regression of the dermatological symptoms. The beneficial effect of pentoxifylline might be explained by its inhibitory effect of proinflammatory cytokines and proliferation of fibroblasts, and the production of glycosaminoglycan. It was concluded that pentoxifylline can be an effective and safe treatment of pretibial myxoedema. Orv. Hetil., 2012, 153, 1719–1722.
Lubricin as a Novel Protein Coating to Prevent Bacterial Biofouling
Authors: Aninwene George E. , Taylor Erik , Hall Douglas , Mei Amy , Jay Gregory D. , Webster Thomas J.
Published: October 2012

Yearly, there are over six million cataract surgeries worldwide that involve intraocular lenses (IOLs) [1]. However, preventing post-operative biofouling of these lenses remains a challenge. One major complication is post-operative bacterial infection [2]. Surface modification of IOLs may provide a solution. This study proposes the use of the anti-adhesive protein lubricin (LUB), a glycoprotein found in the synovial fluid, as a means to make polymer surfaces less prone to bacterial adhesion and proliferation, thus reducing the opportunity for post-operative infection [3]. This study used extended bacteria growth trials in the presence of lubricin, vitronectin, and mucin to investigate how lubricin and protein sub-regions of lubricin reduce bacterial functions. This study showed for the first time that polymer surface coatings of lubricin and vitronectin significantly reduce Staphylococcus aureus growth over the course of 15 hours, while mucin was only able to delay the start of the Staphylococcus aureus exponential growth phase and retard proliferation. In solution, both lubricin and mucin significantly reduce bacterial proliferation. Thus, the results of this study demonstrated that lubricin and its sub-regions mucin and vitronectin should be studied for a wide range of antibacterial applications.
A história oral na análise organizacional: a possível e promissora conversa entre a história e a administração
Authors: Gomes Almiralva Ferraz , Santana Weslei Gusmão Piau
Published: October 2012

Nos últimos anos tem se verificado um aumento do número de publicações em estudos organizacionais que adotam metodologias mais qualitativas que quantitativas. Este crescimento justifica-se pelo fato de os pesquisadores da área considerarem mais incisivamente o caráter multidisciplinar da administração como uma ciência social aplicada, que se utiliza de diversas fontes epistemológicas. Entretanto, os teóricos da Administração sempre relegaram, ou nunca consideraram, o potencial da História para a análise organizacional. Neste trabalho, propõe-se sensibilizar pesquisadores da área de Administração a respeito da potencialidade do diálogo entre a História e a Administração para a análise da realidade organizacional, bem como enfatizar a importância do desenvolvimento de estudos locais e regionais contemplando as vozes do "passado" e dos "esquecidos". Tendo em vista que as organizações somente serão satisfatoriamente compreendidas a partir do momento em que sua história é conhecida, apresentaremos, brevemente, neste artigo, a experiência da Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia.
Os conselhos gestores municipais como instrumentos da democracia deliberativa no Brasil
Authors: Silva e Oliveira Virgílio Cézar da , Pereira José Roberto , Oliveira Vânia A. R. de
Published: October 2012

A gestão colegiada de políticas públicas exige novas relações, democráticas e dialógicas, entre sociedade e Estado. Requer, ainda, a construção de estruturas institucionais capazes de sustentá-la e o fortalecimento de espaços públicos não estatais. Em limites municipais, os conselhos gestores são agentes-chave desses processos. Com base em tais considerações, serão discutidas, neste ensaio, algumas premissas para que eles sejam, de fato, alicerces da democracia deliberativa - entendendo-a como método para formação de decisões coletivas por meio do diálogo entre indivíduos politicamente iguais. De modo a organizar a argumentação, as condições de efetividade foram distribuídas em três categorias. Na primeira estão concentrados elementos associados à organização formal dos conselhos. Na seguinte, aspectos referentes ao seu processo deliberativo. Pontos vinculados à conexão dos conselhos com segmentos sociais e poderes instituídos integram a última categoria.
Economía solidaria, cooperativismo y descentralización: la gestión social puesta en práctica
Authors: Monje-Reyes Pablo
Published: October 2012

Hoy en día se hace cada vez más necesario analizar nuevas formas de organización social, que permitan fortalecer el rol protagónico de actores sociales subalternos. Por tanto, esta publicación tiene como objetivo proponer y desarrollar, críticamente, un debate conceptual sobre economía solidaria, descentralización y cooperativismo, en el marco de la gestión social. El artículo es parte del desarrollo de un marco teórico de una investigación sobre cooperativismo y buenas prácticas en gestión social, descentralización y economía solidaria.
Gestão social dos territórios da cidadania: o zoneamento ecológico-econômico como instrumento de gestão do território noroeste de Minas Gerais
Authors: Pereira José Roberto , Ferreira Patrícia Aparecida , Boas Ana Alice Vilas , Oliveira Elias Rodrigues de , Cardoso Raquel Finamor
Published: October 2012

O enfoque territorial tornou-se referência para os estudos sobre desenvolvimento e gestão social, pois rompe com o anacronismo da ideia de que o desenvolvimento se restringe ao crescimento econômico, uma vez que incorporou outras dimensões, tais como as sociais, políticas, institucionais e ambientais. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste artigo é mostrar que os resultados do Zoneamento Ecológico-Econômico (ZEE) constitui um instrumento de gestão social para o território da cidadania do noroeste de Minas Gerais. O ZEE é expresso pelo Índice Ecológico-Econômico (IEE), formado pela integração de dois índices, o da potencialidade social dos municípios e o da vulnerabilidade natural. Para este artigo, são apresentados os resultados da potencialidade social dos municípios em forma de tabelas, quadros e mapas. O Índice de Potencialidade Social (IPS) é estruturado por 36 indicadores socioeconômicos e institucionais e por quatro componentes: produtivo, natural, humano e institucional. Os resultados do ZEE-MG constituem, efetivamente, um instrumento de gestão social dos territórios da cidadania, pois representam transparência e responsabilização pública e um pacto social para o desenvolvimento por meio de indicadores socioeconômicos, que serve ao terceiro setor, ao setor público e ao mercado para tomada de decisões públicas integradas no âmbito municipal, regional, estadual e federal.
Quadtree flood simulations with sub-grid digital elevation models
Authors: Stelling Guus S.
Published: October 2012

Flooding is an increasing hazard to society and good governance now implies careful water management in terms of design, planning and control of urban and rural areas. This requires that rainstorms, extreme water levels and so on are taken into account with relevant precision. A great aid is the existence of graphical information systems with raster-based digital elevation models (DEMs). Modern technology such as Lidar means that DEMs are of ever-increasing resolution. This paper describes how, without adaptations, a DEM can be used efficiently for detailed 2D flooding simulations. The method is based on four components: the sub-grid method; bottom friction derived from the divided channel method; the finite-volume staggered grid method for shallow water equations with rapidly varying flows; and quadtrees.
The Emerging, Evolving Reading Brain in a Digital Culture: Implications for New Readers, Children With Reading Difficulties, and Children Without Schools
Authors: Wolf Maryanne , Ullman-Shade Catherine , Gottwald Stephanie
Published: October 2012

The recent rise of electronic media, and the move away from traditional reading and reading, are leading to a fundamental shift in the way in which the human brain processes information. This shift in patterns of human cognition has separate implications for new readers, individuals with reading disabilities, and children without access to schools. While this evolving method of reading may threaten the development of deep reading skills in new readers, it also promises to provide unprecedented access to information and instruction for children without access to formal schooling.
Why Schools Should Care About Intellectual Styles
Authors: Zhang Li-fang
Published: October 2012

Traditionally, many educators and psychologists believed that successes and failures within the school context are attributable mainly to individual differences in such classic variables as ability, personality, and learning motivation. This article presents research evidence demonstrating that intellectual styles, that is, people’s preferred ways of processing information and dealing with tasks, also play critical roles in students’ learning and development and in teachers’ practices. It further demonstrates that some styles are more valued than are others and that styles are malleable.

The article is divided into four parts. The first part briefly introduces the background of the research to be presented. The second reviews the key literature, supporting the position that intellectual styles are value laden, with creativity-generating styles (also known as Type I styles) being more adaptive than are norm-favoring styles (also known as Type II styles). The third part highlights some research findings indicating that styles can be modified. The final and fourth part of the article discusses the implications of the research evidence for various parties of educational institutions at all levels—generally referred to as “schools” in this article.
A Dissociation of Implicit and Explicit Spatial Sequence Learning in a Group of Students With Learning Difficulties
Authors: Wilbert Jürgen , Grosche Michael
Published: October 2012

Traditionally, research on learning difficulties focuses on deficits in explicit learning processes. However, the impact of implicit (incidental, unconscious, and unaware) learning has sparsely been investigated. Hence, this study aims to dissociate implicit and explicit learning abilities in a group of 50 students with severe and persisting learning difficulties and compares their learning performance to non-impaired students. Individuals accomplished two different versions of a computerized serial reaction time task (SRTT) as a measure of implicit and explicit learning. Analyses revealed that (a) both learning processes can be dissociated by psychometric IQ; (b) students with learning difficulties have deficits in both implicit and explicit learning processes; and (c) it is possible to identify subgroups of adolescents with implicit and explicit learning difficulties. Theoretical as well as educational implications are discussed.
Surgical Lip Repositioning in Two Patients Undergoing Orthodontic Treatment, With Degree I Vertical Maxillary Excess and Short Hypermobile Upper Lip
Authors: Balasubramaniam Aarthi S. , Reddy Sruthi R. , Thomas Libby J. , Ramakrishnan T. , Ambalavanan N.
Published: October 2012

Introduction: In cases of patients with vertical maxillary excess with short or hypermobile lip, orthognathic surgery along with orthodontic treatment is the suggested treatment option. However, orthognathic surgery is associated with increased patient morbidity, and hence a less invasive approach, such as a lip repositioning procedure, is suggested along with orthodontic treatment.

Case Presentation: Two patients undergoing orthodontic treatment, with degree I vertical maxillary excess, short and hypermobile lip, and 2 to 4 mm of gingival display on smiling, were recommended for a surgical lip repositioning procedure to reduce the amount of gingival display. The gingival display reduced in both patients, and stable results were obtained 1 year postoperatively.

Conclusion: In patients with a gummy smile who are apprehensive of undergoing orthognathic surgery, lip repositioning can be a reassuring treatment option.
Surgical Management of Peri‐Implantitis: A Clinical Case Report
Authors: Schmidt Erich C. , Papadimitriou Dimitrios E. V. , Caton Jack G.
Published: October 2012

Introduction: Peri‐implant marginal and apical infections are challenging situations in implant dentistry because sufficient knowledge on etiology and treatment is lacking. The aim of this case report is to present the treatment and 1‐year follow‐up of an implant with a combined marginal and periapical lesion that presented with a localized 12‐mm vertical bony defect.

Case Presentation: An implant‐associated 12‐mm 3‐wall bony defect was successfully treated with the guided bone regeneration technique. Decontamination of the implant surface with 50 mg/mL tetracycline HCl was performed, and a demineralized freeze‐dried bone allograft and a collagen barrier were used. Complete resolution of the 12‐mm 3‐wall defect was achieved, as evidenced by clinical and radiographic examination 1 year after treatment.

Conclusion: Although no definitive conclusion can be drawn from a single case, the technique described effectively eliminated an implant‐associated 12‐mm 3‐wall bony defect after the guided bone regeneration protocol.
Wireless Technology in Testing Deep Water Wells: A Successful Field Experience
Authors: Beretta E. , Brambilla R. V. , Di Federico E. , Tassinario V. , Tripaldi G. , Andreoletti C.
Published: October 2012

In the last decades, the major oil companies have moved aggressively toward challenging targets such as deep and ultra-deep water environments to increase their hydrocarbon reserves portfolio.

To deal with these new targets, attractive but located in harsh environments, technology has to improve significantly as well as the attention to be paid to operate under safe conditions. Operational daily costs are generally huge, sometime in excess of 1 million US$. As a consequence, the goal is to achieve a satisfactory balance between the value of information about the reservoir to be investigated and the ability to operate in a cost-effective manner.

The option of capturing real time downhole P&T data by using electric cables when testing an exploration well is considered less and less attractive due to intrinsic safety risks. This has triggered significant developments in the wireless technology in recent years. Real time data are transmitted acoustically, removing the need for wireline operations.

This wireless technology proved to be very effective increasing the test efficiency, optimizing the test sequence to acquire the well/reservoir response, minimizing costs and operating in a totally safe way.

A real field application on an offshore exploration gas well is presented in this paper. The test offered the opportunity to assess both benefits and limitations of the technology.
Is there Harm in Zero?
Authors: Wentzel Nada , Pooley Tony , Sherriff Barry
Published: October 2012

Many oil and gas companies aspire to a vision of ‘Zero Harm’, regarding any other visions as taboo. For many, ‘Zero Harm’ appears to be the only morally acceptable aspiration. Any other vision would imply an acceptance of harm. For others, ‘Zero Harm’ makes zero sense. It is considered a mythological aspiration, a fashionable fallacy anchoring us to achieve ordinary outcomes.

Vision is critical to success. It forms the foundation which drives company values, strategies and resources. If the foundation is weak, cracks permeate through all that is linked to the vision. Foundations deteriorate with time and periodically need to be dismantled, evaluated and re-built for success.

To evaluate both arguments we'll explore a number of perspectives including The Psychology of Safety provided by Nada Wentzel (The Jonah Group), the Risk Management perspective, provided by Tony Pooley (Principle Seven) and the Legal perspective provided by Barry Sherriff (Norton Rose).

This purpose of this paper is inspire leaders to challenge assumptions by sharing various perspectives and, in doing so, encourage new insights into the cost and value of zero harm on safety culture.
Save Time & Money on Every Trip - North Sea Case History Demonstrates the Benefits of 3rd Generation Double-Shouldered Connection
Authors: Youngson Steven , Ogilvie William , Plessis Guillaume , Cooper Colin
Published: October 2012

This case history examines the successful deployment of drill pipe featuring a third generation double-shouldered connection used on a number of North Sea offshore rigs. The performance of the new connection is compared against this of a first generation double shouldered connection previously used on these rigs. The evaluation criteria were focused on cost saving, particularly looking at tripping time saving and repair rates reduction. Significant savings in tripping time was realized due to the third generation connections double start thread design that allows for faster speed of make-up and break out. Conservative estimates suggest that the new connections saved approximately 7-1/2 hours in planned tripping time per 20,000 ft. well. The unique design of the connection also makes it more robust, leading to a dramatic reduction of repair costs when compared to the first generation double-shouldered connection. This paper will describe this third generation connection technology and highlight benefits to the drilling operation. It will then focus on the feedback from end users. A separate section will include an analysis of the trends on inspection and shall quantify the reduction of connection repaired.
Determining the Accuracy of Ultrasonic Caliper Measurements for Real Time Drilling Application
Authors: Elahifar Behzad , Esmaeili Abdolali , Fruhwirth Rudolf K.
Published: October 2012

The measurement of actual wellbore shape in real-time can be considered as one of the key components to detect problems such as borehole instability. Abnormal wellbore shape will allow drawing conclusions on the stress field and the impact on other sensors' responses as part of LWD measurements. Accurate wellbore caliper measurements in real-time will also allow to determine cement volume requirements with less measurement time.

In order to get a quantitative assessment of measurement accuracy, an experimental evaluation of the performance of ultrasonic measurements to determine wellbore geometry while drilling has been performed. A fully automated test robot has been designed and experiments were performed in different drilling fluids and wellbore geometries. That test robot allows emulating vertical as well as lateral movements of a sensor head in an artificial wellbore filled with different types of fluids.

Experiments were performed in relation to the radial position of the ultrasonic caliper tool inside the wellbore including different objects inside the borehole to simulate latches or dog legs.

The results were compared and the limitations and arising problems for this type of measurement were identified. The wellbore profiles were measured with different axial and rotational survey speeds. The results allowed the quantification of the errors caused by different wave paths and were compared to the actual borehole geometry. In addition, numerical models were applied for the simulation of the measurements; again the results were compared to the actual ultrasonic measurement.