bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High protein intake can lead to serious hypophosphatemia and hypokalemia in growth restricted preterm newborns
Authors: Korček Peter , Straňák Zbyněk
Published: January 2024

Objectives

High protein parenteral nutrition (HPPN) in the early postnatal period is a recommended strategy for very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. However, limited data is available on electrolyte changes when HPPN strategy is utilized. We investigated the impact of HPPN on the development of hypophosphatemia and hypokalemia in preterm VLBW newborns.

Methods

A retrospective, single‐center study investigated the levels of phosphate and potassium in VLBW infants who received HPPN (amino acids intake up to 3.5 g/kg/day) during the first week of life. Preterm infants were divided into two subgroups: appropriate for gestational age (AGA) and small for gestational age (SGA) newborns. Clinical data were obtained from hospital database and medical records.

Results

Overall, 170 VLBW infants were included for the study analysis: 41 SGA (mean birth weight 752 ± 39 g) and 129 AGA infants (mean birth weight 994 ± 23 g). Phosphate and potassium levels were significantly lower in the SGA infants compared to AGA infants (Phosphate: 0.97 ± 0.07 mmol/l vs. 1.44 ± 0.04 mmol/l, p < 0.001; Potassium: 3.0 ± 0.1 mmol/l vs. 3.6 ± 0.1 mmol/l, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Repeated measurement of serum phosphate and potassium is recommended when HPPN strategy is utilized in preterm SGA infants where significant hypophosphatemia and hypokalemia might have serious clinical consequences.
The effect of surfactants on electrokinetic potential of tracer particles and borosilicate glass revealed within the development of SZP technique
Authors: Podlipskaya Tatyana Yu. , Shaparenko Nikita O. , Bulavchenko Alexander I.
Published: January 2024

The surface zeta potential (SZP) technique is a promising method for investigating the electrokinetic properties of various macroscopic surfaces. However, there have been no attempts as yet to use the SZP technique in the presence of surfactants. In this work, we studied the effect of classical low‐molecular surfactants (SDS, АОТ, Triton X‐100, and CTAB) on the properties of tracer particles with different size: commercial polystyrene (PSN, 27.2 ± 0.1 nm), “blue” colloidal (BI‐ZR5, 191 ± 1 nm), and hydrophilic SiO2 particles (520 ± 12 nm) obtained by quartz evaporation under the action of a relativistic electron beam. The initial charge of all the particles was negative. Anionic surfactants (АОТ and SDS) exerted virtually no effect on ζ‐potential up to the concentration of 10−3 M and decreased it by ca. 27% at the concentration of 10−2 M. Nonionic oxyethylated Triton X‐100 increased ζ‐potential but did not recharge the particles. Cationic CTAB recharged the surface of all the particles already at the concentration of 10−5 M; at 10−2 M ζ‐potential reached 39–65 mV. The possibility of applying BI‐ZR5 as the tracer particles to estimate the electrokinetic potential of the borosilicate glass substrate in the presence of CTAB was demonstrated.
Exploring the impact of metaverse tourism experiences on actual visit intentions: An integrated model of presence, the Technology Acceptance Model, and the Theory of Planned Behavior
Authors: Liu Hengyu , Park Keun‐Soo
Published: January 2024

This study seeks to understand the impact of tourist experience of the metaverse on users' actual visit intentions by proposing an integration of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), using the construct of Presence. We developed a questionnaire‐based experiment in which 478 responses were collected via an online survey to achieve the objectives of the study. Structural equation modeling was used to test the relationships among the proposed constructs. The results indicate that presence is positively associated with perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and attitude, respectively. In addition to the relationship between perceived ease of use and attitude, six other hypotheses within the model that merged TAM and TPB were statistically supported. Furthermore, the implications and recommendations based on the results are valuable contributions to the development of metaverse tourism.
Tourist choice of sustainable hot springs tourism under post‐COVID‐19 pandemic period: A case in Colorado
Authors: Ding Li
Published: January 2024

Hot springs tourism has increasingly attracted tourists who pursue wellness and harmony with the natural environment. This paper investigates how four sustainability‐related attributes influence tourist choice and estimates their marginal willingness to pay for Colorado hot springs tourism under the post‐COVID‐19 pandemic period. A fractional factorial choice experiment design and conditional logit model were used to analyze the choice data of 303 retained respondents collected from the online surveys. The results show the importance of sustainability‐related attributes on tourist choice and suggest the hot springs tourism sector improves destination sustainability to maintain market competitiveness under the post‐COVID‐19 pandemic period.
Strategies for health and wellness tourism development: Thai massage
Authors: Moriuchi Emi , Agrusa Jerome , Lema Joseph
Published: January 2024

Driven by changing consumer behavior trends, a transitioning economy, unique cultural and historical traditions, in conjunction with a wide‐ranging exposure to health, wellbeing, and holistic approaches to human needs, Thailand is well suited to accelerate its involvement in this niche market. The purpose of this chapter is to explore the traveler's motivations and revisit intentions to Thailand along with seeking further understanding of emerging patterns within health and wellness travel and how Thai massage complements the tourism system. Through structural equation modelling, we searched the relationships between travel cost motivations and perceived autonomy satisfaction, competence satisfaction, and relatedness satisfaction dimensions.
Chinese urbanization promoted terrestrial ecosystem health by implementing high‐quality development and ecological management
Authors: Huang Chunbo , Liu Shuangshuang , Du Xixi , Qin Yi , Deng Lei
Published: January 2024

High‐quality urbanization and a healthy ecosystem are both the material basis for sustainable social development. However, the tie between terrestrial ecosystem health (TEH) and urbanization is still unclear. Therefore, we assessed the spatial and temporal dynamics of urbanization and TEH at 368 cities in China from 2000 to 2020, then explored their spatial interaction and driving mechanisms by spatial autocorrelation analysis and structural equation modeling. The results showed: (1) China's comprehensive urbanization index (UI) improved from 0.08 in 2000 to 0.10 in 2020, contributing by some national urban agglomerations such as Beijing‐Tianjin‐Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, and Pearl River Delta. (2) China's terrestrial ecosystem health index (EHI) also increased from 0.67 to 0.68. Ecosystem vigor improved significantly, while ecosystem organization and resilience both decreased. (3) EHI and UI appeared to be locally spatially dependent, and path dependence was presented at municipal scales. (4) At the national scale, urbanization positively relates to EHI, which was enhanced by social, economic, and topography factors. The dominant drivers on EHI varied among regions, and urbanization improved EHI in all regions except for the southwest. Our study demonstrated that urbanization would promote TEH by implementing high‐quality development and ecological management simultaneously, providing theoretical support for urban sustainable development and ecological management.
Effect of different base oils on the friction behaviour of polycrystalline diamond compact
Authors: Gou Ruyi , Chen Jingjing , Luo Xun
Published: January 2024

This study analysed and discussed the friction and wear properties, as well as the interface evolution behaviour of polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) under various base oils, through conducting friction experiments on PDC/Si3N4 with different base oils. The friction and lubrication mechanism of PDC under different base oils were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x‐ray energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), three‐dimensional white light interferometry, and Raman spectroscopy. The results of the study demonstrated that PDC exhibited the best friction and wear performance when lubricated with synthetic oil PAO, followed by castor oil. The inferior performance of paraffin oil can be attributed to its low viscosity, resulting in a lower presence of ions capable of passivating the carbon dangling bond. Consequently, paraffin oil displayed inadequate oxidation stability and increased susceptibility to oil film destruction, ultimately leading to suboptimal friction and wear characteristics. Overall, this study provides valuable insights for industrial applications, aiding in the selection of appropriate base oils as cutting fluids for PDC cutting tools and enhancing the friction and wear properties of PDC.
Nanotechnology‐based CRISPR/Cas9 delivery system for genome editing in cancer treatment
Authors: Zhou Shiyao , Li Yingjie , Wu Qinjie , Gong Changyang
Published: January 2024

The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) systems initiate a revolution in genome editing, which have a significant potential for treating cancer. A significant amount of research has been conducted regarding genetic modification using CRISPR/Cas9 systems, and 33 clinical trials using ex vivo or in vivo CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing techniques have been carried out to treat cancer. Despite its potential advantages, the main obstacle to convert CRISPR/Cas9 technology into clinical genome editing applications is the safe and efficient transport of genetic material owing to various extra‐ and intracellular biological hurdles. We outline the characteristics of three forms of CRISPR/Cas9 cargos, plasmids, mRNA/sgRNA, and ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes in this review. The recent in vivo nanotechnology‐based delivery techniques for these three categories to treat cancer are then reviewed. In the end, we outline the prerequisites for effective and secure in vivo CRISPR/Cas9 delivery in clinical contexts and discuss challenges with current nanocarriers. This review offers a thorough overview of the CRISPR/Cas9 nano‐delivery system for the treatment of cancer, serving as a resource for the design and building of CRISPR/Cas9 delivery systems and offering fresh perspectives on the treatment of tumors.
A higher order stable numerical approximation for time‐fractional non‐linear Kuramoto–Sivashinsky equation based on quintic B‐‐spline
Authors: Choudhary Renu , Singh Satpal , Das Pratibhamoy , Kumar Devendra
Published: January 2024

This article deals with designing and analyzing a higher order stable numerical analysis for the time‐fractional Kuramoto–Sivashinsky (K‐S) equation, which is a fourth‐order non‐linear equation. The fractional derivative of order
present in the considered problem is taken into Caputo sense and approximated using the
scheme. In space direction, the discretization process uses quintic
‐spline functions to approximate the derivatives and the solution of the problem. The present approach is unconditionally stable and is convergent with rate of accuracy
, where
and
denote the space and time step sizes, respectively. We have also noted that the linearized version of the K‐S equation leads the rate of accuracy to
. The present approach is also highly effective for the time‐fractional Burgers' equation. We have shown that the present approach provides better accuracy than the
scheme with the same computational cost for several linear/non‐linear problems, with classical as well as fractional time derivatives.
Global well‐posedness to the compressible inertial Qian–Sheng model of liquid crystals
Authors: Ma Yangjun
Published: January 2024

In this paper, we study the well‐posedness of the Cauchy problem to the compressible inertial Qian–Sheng model. Inspired by Jiang–Luo–Ma–Tang's work in [J. Hyperbolic. Differ. Equ 18:221‐256, 2021], we introduce a novel Condition (H) which ensures the energy dissipation, and then, we prove that when both the viscosity coefficients
and Condition (H) are satisfied, the local‐in‐time solutions exist for large initial data. Otherwise, we can only obtain small data local solutions. Finally, the local solution can be extended globally under at least one of the two conditions:
or
.
From Halley to Secant: Redefining root finding with memory‐based methods including convergence and stability
Authors: Qureshi Sania , Soomro Amanullah , Naseem Amir , Gdawiec Krzysztof , Argyros Ioannis K. , Alshaery Aisha A. , Secer Aydin
Published: January 2024

Root‐finding methods solve equations and identify unknowns in physics, engineering, and computer science. Memory‐based root‐seeking algorithms may look back to expedite convergence and enhance computational efficiency. Real‐time systems, complicated simulations, and high‐performance computing demand frequent, large‐scale calculations. This article proposes two unique root‐finding methods that increase the convergence order of the classical Newton–Raphson (NR) approach without increasing evaluation time. Taylor's expansion uses the classical Halley method to create two memory‐based methods with an order of 2.4142 and an efficiency index of 1.5538. We designed a two‐step memory‐based method with the help of Secant and NR algorithms using a backward difference quotient. We demonstrate memory‐based approaches' robustness and stability using visual analysis via polynomiography. Local and semilocal convergence are thoroughly examined. Finally, proposed memory‐based approaches outperform several existing memory‐based methods when applied to models including a thermistor, path traversed by an electron, sheet‐pile wall, adiabatic flame temperature, and blood rheology nonlinear equation.
An analysis on the approximate controllability outcomes for fractional stochastic Sobolev‐type hemivariational inequalities of order 1 < r < 2 using sectorial operators
Authors: Dineshkumar Chendrayan , Joo Young Hoon
Published: January 2024

In this paper, we deal with the approximate controllability of fractional stochastic Sobolev‐type hemivariational differential systems of order
with sectorial operators. Firstly, by using stochastic analysis, fractional calculus, sine and cosine family operators, sectorial operators, and the fixed‐point theorems of multivalued maps, we show the existence of mild solutions for the fractional stochastic evolution systems. Then, we provide a sufficient condition to guarantee the approximate controllability of the stochastic evolution systems. Next, our results cover problems involving nonlocal conditions. Finally, we present theoretical and practical applications to support the validity of the study.
The next phase of identifying illicit activity in Bitcoin
Authors: Nicholls Jack , Kuppa Aditya , Le‐Khac Nhien‐An
Published: January 2024

Identifying illicit behavior in the Bitcoin network is a well‐explored topic. The methods proposed over time have generated great insights into the deanonymization of the Bitcoin user base through the clustering of inputs and outputs. With advanced techniques being deployed by Bitcoin users, these heuristics are now being challenged in their ability to aid in the detection of illicit activity. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive list of methods deployed by malicious actors on the network and illicit transaction mining methods. We detail the evolution of the heuristics that are used to deanonymize Bitcoin transactions. We highlight the issues associated with conducting law enforcement investigations and propose recommendations for the research community to address these issues. Our recommendations include the release of public data by exchanges to allow researchers and law enforcement to further protect the network from malicious users. We recommend the enhancement of current heuristics through machine learning methods and discuss how researchers can take the fight head‐on against expert cybercriminals.
Concurrent multiscale and multi‐material optimization method for natural vibration design of porous structures
Authors: Shimoda Masatoshi , Fujita Junpei , Al Ali Musaddiq , Kamiya Ayu
Published: January 2024

This paper proposes a concurrent multiscale optimization method of macrostructure topology and microstructure shapes for porous structures, aimed at maximizing a specified natural frequency. The multi‐material distribution of the macrostructure and the shape of the microstructures are optimized by topology and shape optimization, respectively. The homogenized properties of the porous materials are calculated using the homogenization method, and the homogenized elastic tensor and density are applied to the macrostructure. The optimum distribution of the porous material in the macrostructure is determined by a multi‐material topology optimization using the generalized solid isotropic material with penalization (GSIMP) method, which is a method to obtain multi‐material topology by implementing the successive binarization. The KS (Kreisselmeier–Steinhauser) function is introduced to solve the repeated natural frequencies issue that lies in the maximization of a specified natural frequency. An area‐constrained multiscale optimization problem is formulated as a distributed‐parameter optimization problem, and the sensitivity functions are derived using the Lagrange multiplier method and the adjoint variable method. Based on the obtained sensitivity functions, the design variables are updated using the H1 gradient method (i.e., a nonparametric shape/topology optimization method). The effectiveness of the proposed method for maximizing a specified natural frequency is confirmed through 2D and 3D numerical examples, in which the influences of sub‐regions of the macrostructure and anisotropic material of the microstructures are also investigated and the results are discussed.
The role of adipogenic capacity and dysfunctional subcutaneous adipose tissue in the inheritance of type 2 diabetes mellitus: cross‐sectional study
Authors: Šiklová Michaela , Šrámková Veronika , Koc Michal , Krauzová Eva , Čížková Terezie , Ondrůjová Barbora , Wilhelm Marek , Varaliová Zuzana , Kuda Ondrej , Neubert Jana , Lambert Lukáš , Elkalaf Moustafa , Gojda Jan , Rossmeislová Lenka
Published: January 2024

Objective

This study tested the hypothesis that limited subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) expansion represents a primary predisposition to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), independent of obesity, and identified novel markers of SAT dysfunction in the inheritance of T2DM.

Methods

First‐degree relatives (FDR) of T2DM patients (n = 19) and control individuals (n = 19) without obesity (fat mass < 25%) were cross‐sectionally compared. Body composition (bioimpedance, computed tomography) and insulin sensitivity (IS; oral glucose tolerance test, clamp) were measured. SAT obtained by needle biopsy was used to analyze adipocyte size, lipidome, mRNA expression, and inflammatory markers. Primary cultures of adipose precursors were analyzed for adipogenic capacity and metabolism.

Results

Compared with control individuals, FDR individuals had lower IS and a higher amount of visceral fat. However, SAT‐derived adipose precursors did not differ in their ability to proliferate and differentiate or in metabolic parameters (lipolysis, mitochondrial oxidation). In SAT of FDR individuals, lipidomic and mRNA expression analysis revealed accumulation of triglycerides containing polyunsaturated fatty acids and increased mRNA expression of lysyl oxidase (LOX). These parameters correlated with IS, visceral fat accumulation, and mRNA expression of inflammatory and cellular stress genes.

Conclusions

The intrinsic adipogenic potential of SAT is not affected by a family history of T2DM. However, alterations in LOX mRNA and polyunsaturated fatty acids in triacylglycerols are likely related to the risk of developing T2DM independent of obesity.

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Computational Study of the Fries Rearrangement Catalyzed by Acyltransferase from Pseudomonas protegens
Authors: Sheng Xiang , Kroutil Wolfgang , Himo Fahmi
Published: January 2024

The acyltransferase from Pseudomonas protegens (PpATase) catalyzes in nature the reversible transformation of monoacetylphloroglucinol to diacetylphloroglucinol and phloroglucinol. Interestingly, this enzyme has been shown to catalyze the promiscuous transformation of 3‐hydroxyphenyl acetate to 2′,4′‐dihydroxyacetophenone, representing a biological version of the Fries rearrangement. In the present study, we report a mechanistic investigation of this activity of PpATase using quantum chemical calculations. A detailed mechanism is proposed, and the energy profile for the reaction is presented. The calculations show that the acylation of the enzyme is highly exothermic, while the acetyl transfer back to the substrate is only slightly exothermic. The deprotonation of the C6−H of the substrate is rate‐limiting, and a remote aspartate residue (Asp137) is proposed to be the general base group in this step. Analysis of the binding energies of various acetyl acceptors shows that PpATase can promote both intramolecular and intermolecular Fries rearrangement towards diverse compounds.
Araucaria bidwillii genomics suggest Indigenous Peoples broadened translocation practices in response to settler colonialism
Authors: Fahey Monica , Rossetto Maurizio , Ens Emilie , Kerkhove Ray
Published: January 2024

Retracing past anthropogenic dispersal of culturally important taxa offers insights to the biogeographic history of species, as well as the history of the people who interacted with them. Bunya Pine (Araucaria bidwillii Hook.) is a culturally and spiritually significant conifer tree for several Indigenous groups in eastern Australia. Sharing the edible nuts and attending Bunya gatherings is an important way for these groups to maintain their cultural connections and it has been hypothesized that prior to European colonization, Indigenous Peoples facilitated the dispersal of Bunya Pine as part of these ancient traditions.

We used ethnohistorical information on the use of Bunya Pine by Indigenous Peoples to interpret genomic patterns within and between disjunct distributions of Bunya Pine.

We found signatures of long‐term isolation within the Australian Wet Tropics (AWT) and extensive gene flow within southeast Queensland (SEQ) that does not fit models of faunal or passive dispersal. Within SEQ, we found greater population structure amongst sites known to pre‐date European colonization, than when colonial‐era planted sites were included in our analyses, suggesting that pre‐colonial translocation was sporadic or localized rather than systematic and widespread. Increased Indigenous translocations in conjunction with plantings by European settlers appears to have erased the natural pre‐colonial population structure of SEQ Bunya Pine. Our stairway plot models suggest sharp population decline of SEQ Bunya Pine in the early and late Pleistocene, though we did not find evidence that anthropogenic dispersal facilitated effective population size growth of the species in the Holocene.

We concluded that pre‐colonial translocation of SEQ Bunya Pine was likely restricted by kinship‐based custodial rights, and that when Indigenous Peoples were displaced by European settlers, translocation was intensified to maintain cultural connectivity. This study is an example of how Indigenous Australian groups adapt plant management strategies to meet socio‐cultural needs and demonstrates the potential for plant genomics to supplement Indigenous Biocultural Knowledge that has been impacted by colonial dispossession.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
On mechanical characterization and damage analysis of additively manufactured continuous fiber/poly‐lactic acid bio‐composite using in‐nozzle technique
Authors: Mishra Vishal , Ror Ch Kapil , Negi Sushant , Mahesh Vinyas
Published: January 2024

The use of three‐dimensional (3D) printing technology for producing continuous fiber‐reinforced composites has given us the freedom to fabricate individual designs and lightweight composite structures with improved specific strength, modulus, and fatigue resistance. In this direction, utilizing in‐nozzle impregnation, 3D‐printed continuous cotton fiber (CCoF) reinforced poly lactic acid (PLA) bio‐composites have been fabricated, and the influence of varying layer widths (i.e., 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, and 0.8 mm) on the mechanical performance of the CCoF‐PLA composites was investigated. Results revealed that 3D printing of PLA/CCoF at 0.5 mm layer width enhanced the tensile and flexural strength by 1.2 times and 3.1 times compared with 3D printed neat PLA specimens. The relationships between layering width—microstructural characteristics—mechanical properties of PLA/CCoF composite were quantitatively analyzed based on experimental results.

Highlights

CCoF‐reinforced PLA composites fabricated through a 3D printing routine.

CCoF/PLA samples were fabricated at different layer widths (0.5, 0.6, 0.7, and 0.8 mm).

Better mechanical performance is achieved at 0.5 mm layer width.

σy and UTS of composites enhanced by 1.19 times and 1.87 times, respectively.

Ef of composites printed at 0.5 mm layer width enhanced by two times.
Secretome processing for proteomics: A methods comparison
Authors: Almeida‐Marques Catarina , Rolfs Frank , Piersma Sander R. , Bijnsdorp Irene V. , Pham Thang V. , Knol Jaco C. , Jimenez Connie R.
Published: January 2024

The cancer cell secretome comprises a treasure‐trove for biomarkers since it reflects cross‐talk between tumor cells and their surrounding environment with high detectability in biofluids. In this study, we evaluated six secretome sample processing workflows coupled to single‐shot mass spectrometry: (1) Protein concentration by ultrafiltration with a molecular weight cut‐off (MWCO) filter and sample preparation through in‐gel digestion (IGD); (2) Acetone protein precipitation coupled to IGD; (3) MWCO filter‐based protein concentration followed by to in‐solution digestion (ISD); (4) Acetone protein precipitation coupled to ISD; (5) Direct ISD; (6) Secretome lyophilization and ISD. To this end, we assessed workflow triplicates in terms of total number of protein identifications, unique identifications, reproducibility of protein identification and quantification and detectability of small proteins with important functions in cancer biology such as cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. Our findings revealed that acetone protein precipitation coupled to ISD outperformed the other methods in terms of the number of identified proteins (2246) and method reproducibility (correlation coefficient between replicates (r = 0.94, CV = 19%). Overall, especially small proteins such as those from the classes mentioned above were better identified using ISD workflows. Concluding, herein we report that secretome protein precipitation coupled to ISD is the method of choice for high‐throughput secretome proteomics via single shot nanoLC‐MS/MS.
Environmental effects of growth and global value chains: The case of East and Southeast Asian economies
Authors: Campos‐Romero Hugo , Rodil‐Marzábal Óscar
Published: January 2024

The Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis has become an important topic in the literature on the effects of growth on the environment, albeit surrounded by some controversy and nuance. Although this hypothesis has been analyzed in the literature in multiple ways and using different variables, there is still a gap in the consideration of global value chains (GVCs), which delve into the international division of production. This is particularly important in the intermediate stages of production, as they include tasks with a greater environmental impact. This research aims to analyze the environmental effects of economic growth and foreign trade linked to GVCs in a sample of 12 countries of East and Southeast Asia, given their strong insertion in GVCs. Based on the EKC, variables such as GDP per capita, environmental impact, and renewable energy consumption are incorporated. As a novelty, the research also includes GVCs participation and position indexes, and different measures of CO2 emissions. Our results confirm the existence of a nonlinear relationship between economic activity and its environmental effects, although with important nuances depending on the mode of insertion of each country in GVCs. In this sense, although all the selected countries increased their total emissions, substantial disparities are observed depending on the perspective considered (producer, consumer, and exports). Ultimately, it is concluded that, for an effective reduction of the environmental impact in these countries, it is essential to design policy measures, targeting new technologies, consumption and production patterns, and attracting green foreign direct investment.
Russia‐Ukrainewar, the leadership question and sustainable food security in Africa
Authors: Ngwu Elias C. , Nwosumba Victor C. , Onah Vincent C.
Published: January 2024

Extant analyses identified the various channels through which the ongoing Russia‐Ukraine war is hurting Africa's aspiration toward sustainable food security. They however acknowledged that the crisis presents a viable opportunity to kickstart the process of reversing Africa's food dependence and minimizing the continent's vulnerabilities to future external food shocks. It is however feared that the well‐known leadership deficit in the continent poses significant impediment for exploiting opportunities offered by such ‘good crisis’. The international community is, therefore, called upon to help Africa to better prepare for the next crisis. Taking this as our point of departure, we argue that the onus of reversing Africa's food dependence rests squarely on Africa's political leaders and policy makers and not on any external intervention. We then propose a residual option for tackling the leadership challenge and for launching Africa on the path of sustainable food security in line with the target of SDG‐2. The study relied on qualitative descriptive analysis of both primary and secondary data.
Photo‐Induced Geometry and Polarity Gradients in Covalent Organic Frameworks Enabling Fast and Durable Molecular Separations
Authors: Yin Congcong , Liu Lin , Zhang Zhe , Du Ya , Wang Yong
Published: January 2024

Azobenzene, which activates its geometric and chemical structure under light stimulation enables noninvasive control of mass transport in many processes including membrane separations. However, producing azobenzene‐decorated channels that have precise size tunability and favorable pore wall chemistry allowing fast and durable permeation to solvent molecules, remains a great challenge. Herein, an advanced membrane that comprises geometry and polarity gradients within covalent organic framework (COF) nanochannels utilizing photoisomerization of azobenzene groups is reported. Such functional variations afford reduced interfacial transfer resistance and enhanced solvent‐philic pore channels, thus creating a fast solvent transport pathway without compromising selectivity. Moreover, the membrane sets up a densely covered defense layer to prevent foulant adhesion and the accumulation of cake layer, contributing to enhanced antifouling resistance to organic foulants, and a high recovery rate of solvent permeance. More importantly, the solvent permeance displays a negligible decline throughout the long‐term filtration for over 40 days. This work reports the geometry and polarity gradients in COF channels induced by the conformation change of branched azobenzene groups and demonstrates the strong capability of this conformation change in realizing fast and durable molecular separations.
Progress and Challenges in Tumor Ferroptosis Treatment Strategies: A Comprehensive Review of Metal Complexes and Nanomedicine
Authors: Su Yanhong , Liu Bing , Wang Binghan , Chan Leung , Xiong Chan , Lu Ligong , Zhang Xuanjun , Zhan Meixiao , He Weiling
Published: January 2024

Ferroptosis is a new form of regulated cell death featuring iron‐dependent lipid peroxides accumulation to kill tumor cells. A growing body of evidence has shown the potential of ferroptosis‐based cancer therapy in eradicating refractory malignancies that are resistant to apoptosis‐based conventional therapies. In recent years, studies have reported a number of ferroptosis inducers that can increase the vulnerability of tumor cells to ferroptosis by regulating ferroptosis‐related signaling pathways. Encouraged by the rapid development of ferroptosis‐driven cancer therapies, interdisciplinary fields that combine ferroptosis, pharmaceutical chemistry, and nanotechnology are focused. First, the prerequisites and metabolic pathways for ferroptosis are briefly introduced. Then, in detail emerging ferroptosis inducers designed to boost ferroptosis‐induced tumor therapy, including metal complexes, metal‐based nanoparticles, and metal‐free nanoparticles are summarized. Subsequently, the application of synergistic strategies that combine ferroptosis with apoptosis and other regulated cell death for cancer therapy, with emphasis on the use of both cuproptosis and ferroptosis to induce redox dysregulation in tumor and intracellular bimetallic copper/iron metabolism disorders during tumor treatment is discussed. Finally, challenges associated with clinical translation and potential future directions for potentiating cancer ferroptosis therapies are highlighted.
Encapsulation of Titanium Disulfide into MOF‐Derived N,S‐Doped Carbon Nanotablets Toward Suppressed Shuttle Effect and Enhanced Sodium Storage Performance
Authors: Yao Tianhao , Wang Hongkang , Ji Xin , Zhang Qingmiao , Meng Lingjie , Cheng Yonghong , Chen Yu , Han Xiaogang
Published: January 2024

Titanium disulfide (TiS2) is a promising anode material for sodium‐ion batteries due to its high theoretical capacity, but it suffers from severe volume variation and shuttle effect of the intermediate polysulfides. To overcome the drawbacks, herein the successful fabrication of TiS2@N,S‐codoped C (denoted as TiS2@NSC) through a chemical vapor reaction between Ti‐based metal–organic framework (NH2‐MIL‐125) and carbon disulfide (CS2) is demonstrated. The C─N bonds enhance the electronic/ionic conductivity of the TiS2@NSC electrode, while the C─S bonds provide extra sodium storage capacity, and both polar bonds synergistically suppress the shuttle effect of polysulfides. Consequently, the TiS2@NSC electrode demonstrates outstanding cycling stability and rate performance, delivering reversible capacities of 418/392 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles at 2/5 A g−1. Ex situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscope analyses reveal that TiS2 undergoes an intercalation‐conversion ion storage mechanism with the generation of metallic Ti in a deeper sodiation state, and the pristine hexagonal TiS2 is electrochemically transformed into cubic rock‐salt TiS2 as a reversible phase with enhanced reaction kinetics upon sodiation/desodiation cycling. The strategy to encapsulate TiS2 in N,S‐codoped porous carbon matrices efficiently realizes superior conductivity and physical/chemical confinement of the soluble polysulfides, which can be generally applied for the rational design of advanced electrodes.
Enhancing SERS Sensitivity in N‐Graphene Hydrangea by Synergistic Charge‐Transfer and Excitation Light Absorption
Authors: Wang Bingkun , Li Zheng , Wu Huijuan , Zhang Shan , Zhang Guanglin , Zhang Jinqiu , Lian Shanshui , Zheng Li , Xue Zhongying , Yang Siwei , Ding Guqiao , Xu Wenwu , Tang Shiwei , Wang Gang
Published: January 2024

Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a versatile spectroscopic technique, which plays a crucial role in enhancing analytical sensitivity, investigating interfacial reaction mechanisms, enabling biosensing, and fostering efficient catalysis. Currently, the common SERS substrates are primarily metal nanostructures, which entail high manufacturing costs, complex processes, and the metal surface undergo change over time and with environmental conditions. These issues limit the development of SERS technology. In this work, a nitrogen‐doped graphene (N‐graphene) hydrangea was synthesized on a silicon (Si) substrate using plasma‐assisted chemical vapor deposition (PACVD), forming an N‐graphene hydrangea/Si hybrid structure as a SERS substrate. This substrate offers the advantages of high stability, ultra‐sensitivity, and reusability. The three‐dimensional nano‐cavity structure of graphene can increase the interaction between light and graphene, resulting in an increased localized electric field. Combining theoretical simulation analysis, the introduction of nitrogen (N) elements adjusts the Fermi level of graphene, promoting efficient charge transfer. In practical scenarios, Di(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), a commonly used plasticizer, has raised concerns due to its potential as an endocrine disruptor and carcinogen. The as‐prepared SERS substrate achieves a remarkable detection limit of as low as 10−8 m for DEHP, providing significant support for environmental conservation and human health.
Entropy‐Driven Strand Displacements Around DNA Tetrahedron for Sensitive Detection and Intracellular Imaging of mRNA
Authors: Zhu Jinwen , Qu Xiaolin , Zhuang Yuan , Miao Peng
Published: January 2024

Messenger RNA (mRNA) is the molecule which carries genetic information from DNA and guides the synthesis of protein. It participates in many cellular cascades and exhibits substantial associations with certain diseases. The development of advanced approaches for mRNA sensing and imaging is of utmost importance for biological studies and early clinical diagnosis. Herein, a novel fluorescent method is demonstrated for highly sensitive analysis of mRNA based on entropy‐driven strand displacements around three‐dimensional DNA nanostructures. Tetrahedral DNA with four pendant linear sequences provides excellent molecular scaffold loading at multiple sites for target mRNA‐initiated cascade toehold strand displacement reactions. The variations of fluorescence resonance energy transfer states can be used to indicate the presence and level of target mRNA. Besides, MnO2 nanosheets are introduced for intracellular transportation of the reaction system for bioimaging. The operation is relatively simple and the developed approach provides a promising tool for mRNA‐related biological researches and clinical applications.
Schweißnähte höchstfester Stähle und deren Nachbehandlung zur Ermüdungsfestigkeitssteigerung
Authors: von Arnim Mareike , Gölz Lisa‐Marie , Kuhlmann Ulrike
Published: January 2024

Bei jeder Entwicklung von noch höherfesteren Stählen hat es Zweifel an der Wirtschaftlichkeit und Nutzbarkeit gegeben. Die Entwicklung von S355 zu S460 und schließlich zu S700 hat aber gezeigt, dass sich diese Innovation jeweils in kürzester Zeit auszahlte. Im Zeichen von Nachhaltigkeit können durch den Einsatz von höchstfestem Stahl bis S960 Einsparung von Ressourcen, effizientere Verbindungen und die Verlängerung der Bauteillebensdauer realisiert werden. Mit der Erweiterung des Gültigkeitsbereichs von S700 auf S960 in prEN 1993‐1‐12 wird eine Grundlage dafür geschaffen. Zugleich werden weitere Untersuchungen erforderlich, wie die Anpassung der Regelungen für das Schweißen sowie für den Einsatz von Schweißnahtnachbehandlungsverfahren zur Ermüdungsfestigkeitssteigerung. In diesem Beitrag werden Ergebnisse aus zwei aktuellen AiF‐FOSTA‐Vorhaben vorgestellt. Im Rahmen des Vorhabens „Effiziente Nachweiskonzepte für Mischverbindungen im Stahlbau“ werden umfangreiche Untersuchungen an Stumpf‐ und Kehlnahtverbindungen höchstfester Stähle S960 vorgestellt. Im Rahmen des Vorhabens „Kerbfalleinstufung von HFH‐nachbehandelten höchstfesten Baustählen unter Berücksichtigung geometrischer Fertigungsimperfektionen im Stahlbau“ werden Ergebnisse und ein Vorschlag zur Erweiterung der DASt‐Richtlinie 026 und des neuen Anhangs F in prEN 1993‐1‐9 auf höchstfeste Stähle bis S960 für das Konstruktionsdetail Quersteife vorgestellt.
Numerical simulation and experimental analysis of plastic hinge length of reinforced concrete columns under monotonic flexure and constant axial load
Authors: Souza Junior Orivaldo de Azevedo , Oliveira Dênio Ramam Carvalho de
Published: January 2024

This article investigated test results of 81 reinforced concrete columns under monotonic flexure load via numerical simulation and experimental studies from the literature to comprehensively discuss the parameters that influence plastic hinge length. Moreover, it proposed a simplified method, based on the compressive strain of longitudinal reinforcing bars, and a new expression to estimate plastic hinge length, based on axial load ratio, shear span‐depth ratio, and longitudinal reinforcement ratio. In addition, it compares and discusses analytical expressions to estimate plastic hinge reported in previous research. The analysis shows that axial load ratio, shear span‐depth ratio, and longitudinal reinforcement ratio strongly influence both lateral load–displacement responses and plastic hinge length. Furthermore, the proposed simplified method is adequate for estimating plastic hinge length. Finally, the results show that the equation proposed as a way of estimating the plastic hinge length provides satisfactory predictions for reinforced concrete columns under monotonic flexure.
Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide alleviates thiacloprid‐induced kidney injury in quails via activating the Nrf2/HO‐1 pathway
Authors: Yang Xu , Guo Changming , Yu Lu , Lv Zhanjun , Li Siyu , Zhang Zhigang
Published: January 2024

Thiacloprid (THI) is a neonicotinoid insecticide, and its wide‐ranging use has contributed to severe environmental and health problems. Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide (DOP) possesses multiple biological activities such as antioxidant and antiapoptosis effect. Although present research has shown that THI causes kidney injury, the exact molecular mechanism and treatment of THI‐induced kidney injury remain unclear. The study aimed to investigate if DOP could alleviate THI‐induced kidney injury and identify the potential molecular mechanism in quails. In this study, Japanese quails received DOP (200 mg/kg) daily with or without THI (4 mg/kg) exposure for 42 days. Our results showed that DOP improved hematological changes, biochemical indexes, and nephric histopathological changes induced by THI. Meanwhile, THI exposure caused oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy. Furthermore, THI and DOP cotreatment significantly activated the nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2/heme oxygenase‐1 (Nrf2/HO‐1) pathway, restored antioxidant enzyme activity, and reduced apoptosis and autophagy in quail kidneys. In summary, our study demonstrated that DOP mitigated THI‐mediated kidney injury was associated with oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy via activation of the Nrf2/HO‐1 signaling pathway in quails.
Diraxiogenesis
Authors: Berbig Maximilian
Published: January 2024

Abstract

The family of Dirac Seesaw models offers an intriguing alternative explanation for the smallness of neutrino masses without necessarily requiring microscopic lepton number violation, when compared to the more familiar class of Majorana Seesaws. A global U(1)D symmetry, that is explicitly broken by a higher dimensional scalar operator, ensures that the right handed neutrino does not couple directly to the Standard Model like Higgs and an exact gauged or residual lepton number symmetry prohibits all Majorana masses. We demonstrate that all three Dirac Seesaws possess a Pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone boson associated with the U(1)D symmetry, that we call the Diraxion, whose cosmological dynamics have so far been left unexplored. Furthermore we illustrate that a Dirac-Leptogenesis version of the recently proposed Lepto-Axiogenesis scenario can be realized in this class of models, leading to a unified origin of the observed baryon asymmetry and dark matter relic abundance. Explaining only the baryon asymmetry can lead to potentially observable amounts of right handed neutrino dark radiation with ∆Neff. ≲ 0.028. On the other hand, if we only fix the dark matter abundance via the kinetic misalignment mechanism, this set-up could lead to detectable signatures in proposed cosmic neutrino background experiments via decays of eV-scale Diraxions to neutrinos. Here there is no domain wall problem, since topological defects decay to a subleading fraction of relic Diraxions. A key ingredient of all Axiogenesis scenarios is the dynamics of relatively light scalar called the Saxion, that in our case has a mass at the GeV-scale and which might reveal itself in heavy meson decays or collider searches. Our setup predicts isocurvature perturbations in baryons, dark matter and dark radiation sourced by fluctuations of the Saxion.
Anderson Localization in the Subwavelength Regime
Authors: Ammari Habib , Davies Bryn , Hiltunen Erik Orvehed
Published: January 2024

In this paper, we use recent breakthroughs in the study of coupled subwavelength resonator systems to reveal new insight into the mechanisms responsible for the fundamental features of Anderson localization. The occurrence of strong localization in random media has proved difficult to understand, particularly in physically derived multi-dimensional models and systems with long-range interactions. We show here that the scattering of time-harmonic waves by high-contrast resonators with randomly chosen material parameters reproduces the characteristic features of Anderson localization. In particular, we show that the hybridization of subwavelength resonant modes is responsible for both the repulsion of energy levels as well as the widely observed phase transition, at which point eigenmode symmetries swap and very strong localization is possible. We derive results from first principles, using asymptotic expansions in terms of the material contrast parameter and obtain a characterization of the localized modes in terms of generalized capacitance matrices. This model captures the long-range interactions of the wave-scattering system and provides a concise framework to explain the exotic phenomena that are observed.
Pyrococcus furiosus Argonaute-mediated porcine epidemic diarrhea virus detection
Authors: Zhao Yu , Zhou Changyu , Guo Boyan , Yang Xin , Wang Hongning
Published: January 2024

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), an enteric coronavirus, induces severe vomiting and acute watery diarrhea in unweaned piglets. The pig industry has suffered tremendous financial losses due to the high mortality rate of piglets caused by PEDV. Consequently, a simple and rapid on-site diagnostic technology is crucial for preventing and controlling PEDV. This study established a detection method for PEDV using recombinase-aided amplification (RAA) and Pyrococcus furiosus Argonaute (PfAgo), which can detect 100 copies of PEDV without cross-reactivity with other pathogens. The entire reaction of RAA and PfAgo to detect PEDV does not require sophisticated instruments, and the reaction results can be observed with the naked eye. Overall, this integrated RAA-PfAgo cleavage assay is a practical tool for accurately and quickly detecting PEDV.

Key points

• PfAgo has the potential to serve as a viable molecular diagnostic tool for the detection and diagnosis of viral genomes

• The RAA-PfAgo detection technique has a remarkable level of sensitivity and specificity

• The RAA-PfAgo detection system can identify PEDV without needing advanced equipment