bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design and test bed experiments of server operation system using virtualization technology
Authors: Huh Jun-Ho , Seo Kyungryong
Published: April 2016

According to current researches, much of the electric power is being consumed by the server cooling system at the Data Center. Moreover, the power consumption rate increases when the number of the equipments and servers expands. Thus, the proposed server operation system has been designed to decrease power consumption rate and CO2 emission volume by minimizing the number of these equipments and simplifying the physical composition of the system. Virtualization technology was adopted in both designing and implementation phases to improve resource efficiency of the system. As a result, significant amount has been saved while constructing the server operation system in this paper. System’s performance has been evaluated using a virtual machine prior to its practical use through test bed experiments and the results confirms our expectation that the virtual hardwares will work as efficiently as actual ones.
Parents’ years in Sweden and children’s educational performance
Authors: Smith Christopher D. , Helgertz Jonas , Scott Kirk
Published: March 2016

This paper assesses the intergenerational effect of immigrant parents’ incorporation experiences, measured as time in Sweden, on the educational performance of their children, using full Swedish population registry data for 22 cohorts. Employing family fixed-effects, we examine final course grades and national standardized test scores in Swedish and math by parents’ country of origin. Results show a positive effect of parents’ time in Sweden on their children’s performance in Swedish, but not for math performance. These results demonstrate the importance of parents’ linguistic acculturation on their children’s educational performance.

Jel codes:I21, J15, J62
Research trends in biomimetic medical materials for tissue engineering: commentary
Authors: Park Ki Dong , Wang Xiumei , Lee Jae Young , Park Kyung Min , Zhang ShengMin , Noh Insup
Published: March 2016

We introduce our active experts’ communications and reviews (Part II) of 2015 Korea-China Joint Symposium on Biomimetic Medical Materials in Republic of Korea, which reflect their perspectives on current research trends of biomimetic medical materials for tissue regeneration in both Korea and China. The communications covered three topics of biomimetics, i.e., 1) hydrogel for therapeutics and extracellular matrix environments, 2) design of electrical polymers for communications between electrical sources and biological systems and 3) design of biomaterials for nerve tissue engineering. The reviews in the Part II will cover biomimetics of 3D bioprinting materials, surface modifications, nano/micro-technology as well as clinical aspects of biomaterials for cartilage.
Ticking the boxes: a survey of workplace-based assessments
Authors: Gilberthorpe Thomas , Sarfo Maame Duku , Lawrence-Smith Geoff
Published: April 2016

Aims and method

To survey the quality of workplace-based assessments (WPBAs) through retrospective analysis of completed WPBA forms against training targets derived from the Royal College of Psychiatrists' Portfolio Online.

Results

Almost a third of assessments analysed showed no divergence in assessment scores across the varied assessment domains and there was poor correlation between domain scores and the nature of comments provided by assessors. Of the assessments that suggested action points only half were considered to be sufficiently ‘specific’ and ‘achievable’ to be useful for trainees' learning.

Clinical implications

WPBA is not currently being utilised to its full potential as a formative assessment tool and more widespread audit is needed to establish whether this is a local or a national issue.
Dynamic Risk Stratification in Patients with Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Treated Without Radioactive Iodine
Authors: Momesso Denise P. , Vaisman Fernanda , Yang Samantha P. , Bulzico Daniel A. , Corbo Rossana , Vaisman Mario , Tuttle R. Michael
Published: March 2016

Context:

Although response to therapy assessment is a validated tool for dynamic risk stratification in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) treated with total thyroidectomy (TT) and radioactive iodine therapy (RAI), it has not been well studied in patients treated with lobectomy or TT without RAI. Because these responses to therapy definitions are heavily dependent on serum thyroglobulin (Tg) levels, modifications of the original definitions were needed to appropriately classify patients treated without RAI.

Objective:

This study aimed to validate the response to therapy assessment in patients with DTC treated with lobectomy or TT without RAI.

Design and Setting:

This was a retrospective study, which took place at a referral center.

Patients:

A total of 507 adults with DTC were treated with lobectomy (n = 187) or TT (n = 320) without RAI. They had a median age of 43.7 y, 88% were female, 85.4% had low risk, and 14.6% intermediate risk.

Main Outcome Measure:

Main outcome measured was recurrent/persistent structural evidence of disease (SED) during a median followup period of 100.5 months (24–510).

Results:

Recurrent/persistent SED was observed in 0% of the patients with excellent response to therapy (nonstimulated Tg for TT < 0.2 ng/mL and for lobectomy < 30 ng/mL, undetectable Tg antibodies [TgAb] and negative imaging; n = 326); 1.3% with indeterminate response (nonstimulated Tg for TT 0.2–5 ng/mL, stable or declining TgAb and/or nonspecific imaging findings; n = 2/152); 31.6% of the patients with biochemical incomplete response (nonstimulated Tg for TT > 5 ng/mL and for lobectomy > 30 ng/mL and/or increasing Tg with similar TSH levels and/or increasing TgAb and negative imaging; n = 6/19) and all (100%) patients with structural incomplete response (n = 10/10) (P < .0001). Initial American Thyroid Association risk estimates were significantly modified based on response to therapy assessment.

Conclusions:

Our data validate the newly proposed response to therapy assessment in patients with DTC treated with lobectomy or TT without RAI as an effective tool to modify initial risk estimates of recurrent/persistent SED and better tailor followup and future therapeutic approaches. This study provides further evidence to support a selective use of RAI in DTC.
BeyondThe End of the Trail: Indians at San Francisco’s 1915 World’s Fair
Authors: Markwyn Abigail
Published: April 2016

This article examines the participation and representation of Indians at San Francisco’s 1915 Panama-Pacific International Exposition (PPIE), arguing that the PPIE represents a change in cultural depictions of Indians from the vanishing Indian of the turn of the century to the qualified appreciation of Indian culture that would emerge in the 1920s and 1930s. The popularity of James Earle Fraser’s statue The End of the Trail and other attractions mourning the loss of Indian culture may be understood as a shift toward an understanding of Indians as doomed noble “first Americans,” not savage vanishing Indians. Other exhibits on the grounds and media coverage reveal examples of living Indians and interest in Indian culture, undermining the idea of a vanishing race at its very core.
The Returns to Microenterprise Support among the Ultrapoor: A Field Experiment in Postwar Uganda
Authors: Blattman Christopher , Green Eric P. , Jamison Julian , Lehmann M. Christian , Annan Jeannie
Published: March 2016

We show that extremely poor, war-affected women in northern Uganda have high returns to a package of $150 cash, five days of business skills training, and ongoing supervision. Sixteen months after grants, participants doubled their microenterprise ownership and incomes, mainly from petty trading. We also show these ultrapoor have too little social capital, but that group bonds, informal insurance, and cooperative activities could be induced and had positive returns. When the control group received cash and training 20 months later, we varied supervision, which represented half of the program costs. A year later, supervision increased business survival but not consumption. (JEL I38, J16, J23, J24, L26, O15, Z13)
Beyond Statistics: The Economic Content of Risk Scores
Authors: Einav Liran , Finkelstein Amy , Kluender Raymond , Schrimpf Paul
Published: March 2016

“Big data” and statistical techniques to score potential transactions have transformed insurance and credit markets. In this paper, we observe that these widely-used statistical scores summarize a much richer heterogeneity, and may be endogenous to the context in which they get applied. We demonstrate this point empirically using data from Medicare Part D, showing that risk scores confound underlying health and endogenous spending response to insurance. We then illustrate theoretically that when individuals have heterogeneous behavioral responses to contracts, strategic incentives for cream-skimming can still exist, even in the presence of “perfect” risk scoring under a given contract. (JEL C55, G22, G28, H51, I13)
Enteroparasitos, indicadores socioculturais e de saúde em uma população de 0 a 18 anos do município de Santo Antônio de Jesus (Bahia) - período de 2010 a 2011
Enteroparasites, socio-cultural indicators and health in a population from 0 to 18 years fro
Authors: Carvalho Flávia Lima , Souza Vanessa Borges , Jesus Jamile Mota , Santos Itaiane Paixão , Almeida Jamille Souza , Pereira Jozimare Santos , Jesus Rosangela Santos , Silva Isabela Machado , Amor Ana Lúcia Moreno
Published: March 2016

O estudo traçou um perfil da infecção por enteroparasitos, dos indicadores socioeconômicos e de saúde com crianças/adolescentes residentes em Santo Antônio de Jesus/Bahia (de novembro de 2010 a agosto de 2011), com preenchimento de questionário e realização de parasitológicos de fezes. Houve predominância do sexo masculino (53,2%); idade média de 6,44 anos; 75% com parasitológicos de fezes positivos; maior prevalência de eutróficos (70,9%); 72,6% das crianças/adolescentes com parasitológico de fezes positivo também apresentando sintomatologia. Maior positividade foi encontrada em crianças/adolescentes com responsáveis que possuíam ensino fundamental incompleto (47,0%). A respeito das manifestações alérgicas: 17,9% possuíam diagnóstico para asma; 34,0% para rinite; e 13,5% para eczema. Encontrou-se elevada prevalência de enteroparasitos que pode ser consequência das precárias condições sociais e de saneamento em que vive a população.
Squamous cell carcinoma in Hand – Case report
Carcinoma de células escamosas na mão - Estudo de caso
Authors: Silva Joaquim José de Lima , Lima Antonia Artemisa Aurélio Soares , Melo Juliana Oliveira , Valdívia Paulo , Machado July
Published: March 2016

Introduction: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a type of skin malignancy that originates in the squamous layer of the epidermis.  A lower incidence than basal cell carcinomas is reported. There is a predominance of areas heavily exposed to sunlight Objectives: To report a case of squamous cell carcinoma in left hand compromising the hypothenar region. To carry out a literature review and emphasize the main methods of diagnosis and treatment. Methods: Information obtained from medical records, photographic record of pre and post-operative. Result: Histopathological diagnosis was made, confirming squamous cell carcinoma due to the evolution of metastatic basal cell carcinoma, with the removal of bones: 5th metacarpal and scaphoid. After relapse, requiring amputation of the left hand. Conclusion: To report a rare case of bone metastasis derived from a skin cancer.
Evolução branda de recidiva de infecção por varicela zoster após tratamento com fingolimode em paciente com esclerose múltipla: relato de caso
Benign evolution of shingles with fingolimod in a patient with multiple sclerosis: case report
Authors: Morais Antonio Arlindo , Tavares Júnior José Wagner Leonel , De Melo Neto Antônio Pinto , Lima Francisco Pitombeira , Teixeira Carlos Augusto Ciarline , Gondim Francisco de Assis Aquino
Published: March 2016

Objetivo: Relatar o caso de um paciente com recidiva de herpes-zoster (HZ) e evolução benigna mesmo diante de imunomodulação para esclerose múltipla (EM). Descrição de caso: Mulher de 48 anos com história de EM durante seis anos, previamente tratada com interferon1b, iniciou tratamento com fingolimode, desenvolvendo HZ após 10 meses de tratamento. Mesmo sem tratamento com acyclovir, a paciente desenvolveu um curso brando, sem posterior desenvolvimento de neuralgia pós-herpética. Conclusões: As novas terapias para EM podem estar associadas a novos tipos de eventos adversos. Apesar da potencial gravidade, nem todos os pacientes com HZ em uso das novas terapias para EM têm curso desfavorável, sendo necessários estudos para identificar fatores de risco para as formas graves.
Internação compulsória de usuários de substâncias: a visão dos pacientes
Compulsory hospitalization of users of substance: the patients’s vision
Authors: Gomes Mariana Studart Mendonça , Aguiar Priscilla Mariana Freitas , Teixeira Carolina Militão , Almeida Gilson Holanda
Published: March 2016

Introdução: O uso de substâncias psicoativas é fenômeno amplamente discutido e preenche a dimensão de grave epidemia em nossa realidade. Isso desafia profissionais da saúde a conhecerem o perfil dos usuários, suas percepções sobre o problema e o delineamento de estratégias para o enfrentamento da situação. Por outro lado, cada vez mais vem sendo proposta a internação compulsória para tratamento desses pacientes, o que tem gerado um amplo debate com opiniões favoráveis e contrárias ao instrumento. Objetivos: Conhecer o perfil psicossocial de uma amostra de usuários de substâncias hospitalizados e compreender suas percepções acerca da internação compulsória. Métodologia: Estudo quali-quantitativo, exploratório e transversal realizado em uma unidade de desintoxicação utilizando amostra composta por 140 pacientes. Os sujeitos preencheram um questionário para identificação do perfil psicossocial e responderam a uma entrevista com quatro perguntas abertas sobre o tema. Dados psicossociais foram armazenados no software SPSS 2.0 e as entrevistas gravadas e transcritas com transferência dos dados para o software do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Resultados: Os entrevistados eram todos de baixa qualificação profissional, idade média de 32,76 anos. Posicionaram-se majoritariamente contra a internação compulsória, ponto de vista corroborado em dados da literatura por juristas e entidades classistas, e divergindo, ainda de acordo com dados disponiveis, do pensamento de profissionais da saúde e de familiares que, em sua maioria concordam que a internação compulsória deva ser realizada em pacientes com esse perfil. Conclusão: A maioria dos usuários de substâncias psicoativas se posiciona contrário à internação compulsória, embora admitam algumas exceções para a adoção deste procedimento
Profile.
Authors: Batista Bruna Gerardon , Alves d' Azevedo Pedro
Published: March 2016

Introduction: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an opportunistic pathogen that affects public health representing the most common infections related to health care and community. MRSA infections are classified as health care-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA) and community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) defined by the bacteria genetic profile. Objective: This study conducts a molecular characterization of MRSA isolates from a hospital in Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, in order to determine the profile of SCCmec types. Methods: Eighty-one MRSA isolates from a hospital in Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, collected from January to June of 2012 were included in the study. A multiplex PCR was performed to determine the SCCmec types. Results: From the 81 isolates, 24 (30%) were type I, 10 (12%) type II, 21 (26%) type III, 4 (5%) type IVa, 12 (15%) isolates were type IVc, 1 isolate was type I and IVc (1%) and 1 was type III and IVc (1%) simultaneously, while non-typable isolates corresponded to 8 isolates (10%). Conclusion: However most of the isolates were carrying SCCmec types related to HA-MRSA; the results reveal a change in the epidemiology, considering the decrease of the incidence of SCCmec type III and the increase of isolates being typed as SCCmec I.
O uso da internet como ferramenta de apoio ao esclarecimento de dúvidas durante a gestação
The use of the Internet as a support tool to clarify questions during pregnancy
Authors: Calderon Taiara Maestro , Cestari Maria Elisa Wotzasek , Dobkowski Alyni Cristiny , Cavalheiro Mariana Digieri
Published: March 2016

Introduction: Pregnancy is a period of doubts and anxiety for most pregnant women. Objective: To evaluate the use of the Internet as a support tool to clarify doubts raised by women during pregnancy. Methods: An exploratory and descriptive study. Sample based on accidentalness, for 241 users who responded to the on-line form, built with Google Docs and made available in  one Blog. Results: 98% of pregnant women were between 19 and 39 years, 97% with schooling above 9 years, 99% had follow up with healthcare providers. Regarding the use of the Internet, 99% said they usually search for the pregnancy questions. The doubts consisted mostly in the search for information about the development of the baby, then how to deal with the discomforts of pregnancy, the changes in the woman’s body and feeding care. The choice of the sites, according to the interviewees, occurred mainly through the indication of social networks, friends and acquaintances. Regarding to the resolution of doubts, 97% reported that after the Internet search doubts were resolved. Conclusion: The Internet has been a tool of support for pregnant women who seek effective support on the World Wide Web to clarify their doubts. The significant standard for clarification and education reflected a customer that will search and possibly question the procedures and practices that are performed during prenatal care. However, the search for sites has been based on independent research guidance by health professionals, something which does not ensure the credibility of the sites surveyed by users.
Modern Production Process: the Concept, Types and Management in Terms of Quality
Authors: Баурина  , Baurina Svetlana
Published: March 2016

The paper concentrates on the production process per se, reveals its very essence, and considers in detail the various types of production processes. Also substantiated are the key points of the main management functions within the processes of production and maintenance from the standpoint of quality management.
Problems of Organizations Seeking to Draw Bank Credits as Sources of Debt Financing
Authors: Фролова  , Frolova V.
Published: March 2016

Debt financing allows organizations to expand the range of opportunities, but at

the same time, creates a number of problems. The paper examines the pros and

contras of drawing bank credits, the main dynamic industry-average and nationwide

trends in crediting, and also alternative financing options.
Economical and Technological Foresight and Firms Development Strategy
Authors: Свирчевский  , Svirchevskiy Vadim , Юсим  , Yusim Vyacheslav , Бобков  , Bobkov Aleksandr
Published: March 2016

In the article a new approach to the development of strategy of commercial

organization development is offered. Authors enter the new concept “economical

and technological foresight” which is understood as an expert assessment

of the strategic directions of social and economic and innovative development,

of identification of the technological breaks capable to make impact on

economy and society in the medium-term and long term on the basis of the

theory of economical and technological development of firm. It is shown how

on the basis of the regularities revealed within the theory of economical and

technological development of firm it is possible to prove tendencies and laws

of development of last, modern and future production systems. It is shown

how to use the law of alternation of economical and technological structure

of firm and the law of growth of economically justified volumes of release in

the development of production systems.
Analysis of non-methane hydrocarbon data from a monitoring station affected by oil and gas development in the Eagle Ford shale, Texas
Authors: Schade Gunnar W. , Roest Geoffrey
Published: March 2016

Within the last decade, unconventional oil and gas exploration in the US has become a new source of atmospheric hydrocarbons. Although a geographically dispersed source, field measurements in and downwind of a number of shale basins demonstrate the impact exploration activities have on ambient levels of hydrocarbons. Due to concerns related to ozone production, regulatory agencies are adding monitoring stations to better understand the potential influence of emissions from areas with increased oil and gas related activities. The Eagle Ford shale in south Texas is a rapidly developing shale play producing both oil and natural gas, providing 10% and 5% of US domestic oil and gas production, respectively, in 2013. We analyzed the first year of measurements from a newly established monitoring site at its central north edge. The data reveal median ethane mixing ratios—used as a marker for oil and gas exploration related emissions—at five times its typical clean air background. Ethane mixing ratios above ten times the background occurred regularly. Saturated hydrocarbons with likely origin in oil and gas exploration explain half of the data set’s variability. They dominate OH radical reactivity at levels both similar to other shale areas and similar to Houston’s ship channel area a decade ago. Air advecting slowly across the shale area from east-southeast and southwest directions shows the most elevated hydrocarbon concentrations, and evidence is presented linking elevated alkene abundances to flaring in the shale area. A case study is presented linking high emissions from an upwind facility to hydrocarbon plumes observed at the monitor.
A brain-body balance
Authors: Dower Ruth Churchill
Published: March 2016

Children love to wriggle, as any parent or educator knows, indeed, they need to be wriggly despite the challenges this might cause our teaching methods, and we should, where possible, harness this trait.
Focus of your attention
Authors: Jones Michael
Published: March 2016

Holding quality conversations in a busy setting environment is a big challenge. Here, Michael Jones explores practical ways that practitioners can involve young children in sustained shared thinking.
Possibilities on offer
Authors: Brown Paula
Published: March 2016

A child will constantly seek to discover what play affordances an environment offers and in doing so be changed by that interaction. Here, we explore a concept that helps inform our core provision planning.
This toy has no gender
Authors: Solly Kathryn
Published: March 2016

Are manufacturers guilty of genderising the toys they offer? Is marketing to blame and should parents worry if their children play with the ‘wrong’ thing? Is it the case that all toys should be gender neutral?
Pioneers: Bandura and Bronfenbrenner explained
Authors: MacBlain Sean , Gray Colette
Published: March 2016

Albert Bandura and Urie Bronfenbrenner are two celebrated and influential theorists whose ideas can help us to understand children's social learning and why some children succeed where others do not.
Stop short changing the sector
Authors: Leitch Neil
Published: March 2016

Ever since Liz Truss began to belittle the early years sector she was supposed to support, we have been used to illogical remarks from ‘higher’ powers, but ministers really do need to start backing us.
Compulsory school age debate
Authors: Lawson Deborah
Published: March 2016

Governments' have long since misinterpreted data that states the benefits of high-quality pre-school experiences, to dismiss calls for a later start to formal schooling, instead of trying to extend this stage.
Osteosarcoma of the pelvis
Authors: Parry M. C. , Laitinen M. , Albergo J. , Jeys L. , Carter S. , Gaston C. L. , Sumathi V. , Grimer R. J.
Published: April 2016

Aims

Osteosarcoma of the pelvis is a particularly difficult tumour to treat as it often presents late, may be of considerable size and/or associated with metastases when it presents, and is frequently chondroid in origin and resistant to chemotherapy. The aim of this study was to review our experience of managing this group of patients and to identify features predictive of a poor outcome.

Patients and Methods

Between 1983 and 2014, 121 patients, (74 females and 47 males) were treated at a single hospital: 74 (61.2%) patients had a primary osteosarcoma and 47 (38.8%) had an osteosarcoma which was secondary either to Paget’s disease (22; 18.2%) or to previous pelvic irradiation (25; 20.7%). The mean age of those with a primary osteosarcoma was 29.3 years (nine to 76) and their mean follow-up 2.9 years (0 to 29). The mean age of those with a secondary sarcoma was 61.9 years (15 to 85) and their mean follow-up was one year (0 to 14). A total of 22 patients with a primary sarcoma (52.4%) and 20 of those with a secondary sarcoma (47.6%) had metastases at the time of presentation.

Results

The disease-specific survival at five years for all patients was 27.2%. For those without metastases at the time of diagnosis, the five-year survival was 32.7%. Factors associated with a poor outcome were metastases at diagnosis and secondary tumours. In primary osteosarcoma, sacral location, surgical margin and a diameter > 10 cm were associated with a poor outcome.

Conclusion

In this, the largest single series of patients with an osteosarcoma of the pelvis treated in a single hospital, those with secondary tumours and those with metastases at presentation had a particularly poor outcome. For those with a primary sarcoma, sacral location, an intralesional margin and a diameter of > 10 cm were poor prognostic indicators. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:555–63.
Primary-to-secondary care referral experience of suspected colorectal malignancy in young adults
Authors: Patel K , Doulias T , Hoad T , Lee C , Alberts JC
Published: March 2016

Introduction

Colorectal cancer in patients younger than 50 years of age is increasing steadily in the UK with limited guidelines available indicating need for secondary care referral. The aims of this study were to report the cancer incidence in those aged under 50 years referred to secondary care with suspected colorectal malignancy and also to analyse the quality of those referrals.

Methods

A total of 197 primary care referrals made between 2008 and 2014 to a UK district general hospital for suspected colorectal malignancy were analysed. All confirmed cancers were further evaluated regarding presenting symptoms, tumour characteristics and clinical outcomes. Each referral was given a referral performance score (out of 9) dependant on relevant information documented.

Results

The overall malignancy rate was 9.1% (11 male and 7 female patients). The median age in this cohort was 41.5 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 37–49 years). Abdominal pain was the only presenting symptom to differ significantly when comparing malignant with non-malignant patients (44.4% vs 21.8% respectively, p=0.042). The median time period between referral date and colorectal specialist consultation was 11 days (IQR: 7–13 days) and the median referral performance score was 5 (range: 3–9).

Conclusions

Malignancy is prevalent in patients under 50 years of age who are referred to secondary care for suspected colorectal cancer. Those referred with abdominal pain in the presence of other high risk lower gastrointestinal symptoms are at significant risk of having a malignancy. Major deficiencies are apparent in urgent primary care referrals, highlighting the need for further national guidance to aid early diagnosis of colorectal cancer in the young.
Listening, hearing, being heard
Authors: Marx Clare
Published: March 2016

We must make sure trainees’ voices do not fall on deaf ears.
Eliminating fogging in surgical visor masks
Authors: Hussainy Haj AI , Khalaf F
Published: March 2016

Two orthopaedic surgeons avoid getting misty-eyed while trying out a new way of wearing a surgical visor.
Implications of the 2013 curriculum and the Greenaway review for breast surgery trainees
Authors: Mylvaganam S , Ward E , Rattay T , Henderson J
Published: March 2016

How are trainees balancing the demands of broad-based general surgery training with subspecialty training?
Global surgery guidelines for surgical volunteerism
Authors: Grimes CE , Lane RHS
Published: March 2016

How to ensure that your surgical placement overseas provides maximum benefit for you and your hosts.
Treasures from the Collections
Authors: King Louise
Published: March 2016

Illustrations of orthopaedic operations.
Comparing Religious Education in Indonesia and Japan
Authors: Nuryatno M. Agus
Published: March 2016

This paper compares the way in which religious education has been performed in Indonesia and Japan in terms of context, theory, history, policy, practice, and impact. Generally speaking, the practice of religious education in the two countries is far different in that Indonesia has strong support to religious education, while Japan has weak support to the practice of religious education. This is due to the fact that not only the characteristics of the societies of the two countries are different, but also the two do embrace different state’s ideology. In addition families in the two societies play a crucial role in determining the existence and practice of religious education.[Tulisan ini membandingkan pengajaran agama antara Indonesia dan Jepang dalam hal konteks, teori, sejarah, kebijakan, dan pengaruhnya. Secara umum dapat dikatakan bahwa pendidikan agama di kedua negara ini sangat berbeda. Di Indonesia, pemerintah memberikan dukungan besar terhadap pendidikan agama, sementara pemerintah Jepang sangat kurang mendukung pendidikan agama. Hal ini tidak hanya dikarenakan karakter masyarakat dari kedua negara ini yang sangat berbeda, tetapi juga disebabkan ideologi dari kedua negara ini yang juga berbeda. Terlepas dari itu, di kedua negara ini lembaga keluarga memiliki peran yang cukup krusial dalam menentukan eksistensi dan pelaksanaan pendidikan agama.]
Obraz sporu o wizję małżeństwa i rodziny oraz o kształt wychowania prorodzinnego w głównych prądach myślowych przełomu XIX i XX wieku.
Authors: Babik Marek
Published: March 2016

Podstawowym celem niniejszego opracowania jest próba scharakteryzowania głównych nurtów światopoglądowego sporu dotyczącego wizji małżeństwa i rodziny oraz wychowania prorodzinnego przełomu XIX i XX wieku. Autor ogranicza się do zaprezentowania pięciu zasadniczych nurtów: „naturalizmu” Spencera, eugeniki, maltuzjanizmu, socjalizmu oraz chrześcijaństwa. Jako materiał źródłowy wykorzystano polskojęzyczne publikacje z tego okresu dotyczące wychowania seksualnego oraz encykliki Leona XIII i Piusa XI. Teksty te wyznaczają jednocześnie ramy czasowe badanego okresu na lata 1880-1930.
Ślub kościelny. Jak przygotować? Pastoralne działania formacyjne wobec narzeczonych w archidiecezji gnieźnieńskiej.
Authors: Jabłoński Franciszek
Published: March 2016

Celem niniejszego opracowania było ukazanie sprawdzonych form przygotowania do sakramentu małżeństwa w archidiecezji gnieźnieńskiej oraz przedstawienie ich mocnych i słabych stron. Punktem wyjścia do rozważań na temat ślubu kościelnego jest nauka Kościoła o przygotowaniu do ślubu zawarta w dokumentach Papieskiej Rady ds. Rodziny oraz w wypowiedzi Benedykta XVI. Omówiono zarówno: „parafialną pedagogizację rodziców”, odnowienie przyrzeczeń małżeńskich, modlitwę całej wspólnoty parafialnej za małżonków oraz o przyszłe powołania do sakramentu małżeństwa, promocję błogosławionych małżonków, jak i katechezę parafialną dla młodzieży ponadgimnazjalnej oraz przygotowanie bezpośrednie. Jako fakultatywną propozycję dla narzeczonych w archidiecezji przedstawiono tzw. „Weekendy dla narzeczonych”.
Naturalne i nadprzyrodzone argumenty za zawarciem małżeństwa kościelnego
Authors: Ozorowski Mieczysław
Published: March 2016

W niniejszym artykule zostały przedstawione dwa rodzaje argumentów za zawarciem związku małżeńskiego: naturalne i nadprzyrodzone. W porządku naturalnym najważniejsze jest: przekazywanie życia; pewnego rodzaju wzajemne życiowe wsparcie małżonków oraz porządek społeczny. Argumenty dotyczące sfery nadprzyrodzonej mogą być kierowane zasadniczo tylko do ludzi wierzących. Mają one charakter obietnic Bożych i zachęty duchowej związanej z rozwojem miłości jako daru Bożego, dojrzewaniem seksualności oraz radością posiadania dzieci, trwałością, wiernością i zaufaniem w związku małżeńskim, nauką przebaczania i rozkwitem wolności małżeńskiej. Treść argumentów pozostaje od wieków taka sama, być może trzeba szukać nowych form przekazu, zgodnie zasadami nowej ewangelizacji.
Analiza etyczna przysięgi małżeńskiej
Authors: Bortkiewicz Paweł Witold
Published: March 2016

Artykuł podejmuje próbę analizy etycznej słów przysięgi małżeńskiej wypowiadanej przez małżonków w liturgii sakramentu małżeństwa. Analiza ta jest ukazana na tle słów ślubowania w ceremonii cywilnej, wzbogacanej nowymi treściami. Rzetelne odczytanie słów przysięgi małżeńskiej w liturgii katolickiej pozwala odkryć personalistyczny wymiar człowieka i jego miłości. Szczególnie zaś kreśli obraz człowieka jako istoty powołanej z daru miłości darmowego i osobowego Dawcy. Jest to obraz człowieka, który może zarazem spełnić siebie poprzez bezinteresowny dar z siebie samego.
Rozumienie i świadomość grzechu - perspektywa socjologiczna
Authors: Pawlik Wojciech
Published: March 2016

W artykule pojęcie grzechu jest analizowane w ramach nauk społecznych, czyli jako akt przekroczenia porządku normatywnego, który jest przedmiotem socjologicznych, antropologicznych i historycznych opisów. Na podstawie dokumentów i materiałów empirycznych (ankiety, wywiady) socjologiczne pokazano, w jaki sposób procesy laicyzacji i zmiany w świadomości moralno-religijne wpływają na doświadczenie grzechu w życiu codziennym - relatywizm moralny, selektywnej wiary, jak również autonomicznej moralności, są aksjonormatywny kontekście. Socjologiczna praca sfery sacrum kurczącym się w życiu publicznym i społecznym jest analizowana w odniesieniu do praktyki spowiedzi - z tego punktu widzenia, sakrament pokuty to kolejny obszar, w którym znaczenie religijne i doświadczenie mają do czynienia z tymi nowoczesnymi zmianami w kulturze i moralność.
Sakrament pokuty pomocą w drodze do małżeńskiej świętości
Authors: Pryba Andrzej
Published: March 2016

Powołanie do świętości jest dla ochrzczonych darem i zadaniem. Jest to wspaniały dar nieskończonej miłości Boga, poprzez które Chrystus dał samego siebie jako ofiarę przebłagalną za grzechy ludzi. W Nim Kościół staje się święty. Przejawia się to w uświęceniu jego członków. Kościół grzeszników staje się Kościółem świętych.W sposób szczególny, sakramentalni małżonkowie uczestniczą w miłości Chrystusa. Są Oni zaproszeni do wzięcia udziału w tej "wielkiej tajemnicy" miłości "aż do końca". Uczestniczą w nim i co stają się one w sposób zamierzony przez samego Stwórcę. Pomocą na ich drodze jest regularne doświadczenie sakramentu pokuty w połączeniu z kierownictwem duchowym.
Personalistyczne ujęcie cnoty vindicatio jako sprawności służącej międzyosobowemu pojednaniu
Authors: Niewiadomski Krzysztof
Published: March 2016

Cnota "vindicatio" była znana już w starozytności. Znaleziono także opis dokonany przez św. Tomasza według którego vindicatio miał ważną rolę w wymierzenia kary, tak by mogła ona służyć nawróceniu grzesznika i przywróceniu sprawiedliwości. W artykule opisano jego dodatkowy aspekt tej cnoty, który może być zdefiniowany jako personalistyczny - jest bardzo dobrze zobrazowany w biblijnej historii Józefa z Egiptu. Składa się z pewnych aktów, przyczyniając się ostatecznie do budowania pełnego pojednania międzyludzkiej. Położenie większego nacisku na ten aspekt może doprowadzić do lepszego zrozumienia procesu pojednania i jej praktycznych wymagań.
Zasada międzynarodowej solidarności w nauczaniu Jana Pawła II do dyplomatów
Authors: Makowski Paweł Adam
Published: March 2016

Aktualne wydarzenia na arenie międzynarodowej, eskalacja konfliktów i narastający terroryzm zagrażają pokojowi i bezpieczeństwu świata. Sytuacja ta wymaga refleksji na temat działań, które pomogą rozwiązać poruszone problemy. Jednym z warunków skuteczności w tym zakresie jest zasada solidarności międzynarodowej, o której traktuje niniejszy artykuł. Nauczanie Jana Pawła II o zasadę solidarności międzynarodowej jest drogowskazem dla dyplomatów i wszystkich ludzi dobrej woli, którym leży na sercu budowanie lepszej przyszłości i świata. Dlatego Jan Paweł II niestrudzenie podkreślał tę prawdę w swoich naukach skierowanych do dyplomatów.
Żal za grzechy we współczesnej refleksji teologicznje
Authors: Glombik Konrad Józef
Published: March 2016

Wydaje się, że refleksja dotyczące pokuty w dostępnych badaniach na temat sakramentu pokuty w pełni wyczerpuje problem natury, znaczenia i cech charakterystycznych dla tej postawy człowieka nawróconego.To nie ułatwia prezentacji zagadnień teologicznych z perspektywy współczesnej refleksji nad pokutą, zwłaszcza jeśli ma to być próba pokazania nowych aspektów, a nie tylko powtórzeniem znanych i obecnych w przeprowadzonych badaniach przemyśleń na ten temat. Wydaje się, że na podstawie współczesnej myśli możemy przedstawić kilka oryginalnych aspektów odnoszących się do rozumienia istoty i cechy nawrócenia. Należą do nich antropologiczne podstawy zrozumienia i smutek, a także trzy ważne aspekty teologiczne w akcie skruchy za grzechy, które zawierają perspektywę zbawienia, miłości i solidarności. Współczesna refleksja teologiczna na temat pokuty, zwłaszcza w podręcznikach i opracowań o sztuce spowiedzi koncentruje się na przedstawieniu definicji, rodzaju, właściwości konieczności i obowiązku tego ważnego aktu w procesie nawrócenia człowieka. Często te myśli są zgodne z prawem i brakuje im głębi teologicznej wyjaśnienia istoty pokuty. Aby chronić doświadczenie sakramentu pojednania wobec legalizmu warto kontynuować refleksję o naturze pokuty i szukać tych aspektów, które pozwalają na głębsze doświadczenie sakramentalnej pokuty i jego ustawy zasadniczej. Antropologiczne i teologiczne aspekty, przedstawione w tym artykule, a obecne we współczesnej refleksji teologicznej są punktem wyjścia dla lepszego sposobu na odkrywanie tego sakramentu.
Three-component synthesis of new o-hydroxyphenyl-substituted pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines promoted by FeCl3
Authors: Fan Ling , Yao Chaochao , Shu Miaomiao
Published: March 2016

An efficient three-component synthesis of o-hydroxyphenyl-substituted pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines from substituted salicylic aldehydes, β-keto esters and 5-aminopyrazoles in the presence of FeCl3 is presented. Newly synthesized compounds were fully characterized by means of 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR, HRMS and elemental analysis.
The synthesis of hydrophobic 1-alkyl-1H,1′H-2,2′-bibenzo[d]imidazoles
Authors: Mądrzak-Litwa Iwona , Turguła Anna , Rusińska-Roszak Danuta , Borowiak-Resterna Aleksandra
Published: March 2016

New synthesis of 1-alkyl-1H,1′H-2,2′- bibenzo[d]imidazoles 3 by alkylation of a disodium derivative of 1H,1′H-2,2′-bibenzo[d]imidazole 2a with alkyl halides is proposed. It is noteworthy that 1,1′-dialkylated byproducts 4 are formed in yields of <5%. The structure of all obtained compounds has been confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS or elemental analysis.
Synthesis of 3-alkyl-5-allylamino-2-benzoylimino-1,3,4-thiadiazoles via Dimroth rearrangement
Authors: Fizer Maksym , Slivka Mikhailo , Baumer Vjacheslav , Lendel Vasil
Published: March 2016

A facile access to 3-alkyl-5-N-allylamino-2-N′-benzoylimino-1,3,4-thiadiazoles via Dimroth rearrangement is reported. Alkylation of 5-allylamino-4-benzoyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione with alkyl halides in basic alcohol solution is regioselective. A mechanism for the formation of a 1,3,4-thiadiazole ring by 1,2,4-triazole recyclization is proposed. The obtained compounds were characterized by NMR, elemental analysis and X-ray diffraction analysis.
Stereoselective Michael addition of O-nucleophiles to carbohydrate-based nitro-olefin
Authors: Ivanovs Ilgvalds , Bērziņa Santa , Lugiņina Jevgeņija , Belyakov Sergey , Rjabovs Vitālijs
Published: March 2016

Michael addition reactions of O-nucleophiles to C(3) exocyclic nitromethylene derivative of diacetone glucose are reported. The reactions with primary alcohols proceed at ambient temperature in the presence of different bases with good yields and give products with excellent diastereoselectivity. The addition of the nucleophile occurs from the β-face of the carbohydrate as shown by single crystal X-ray analysis. The reactions with secondary alcohols give low yields of products while phenolic compounds do not react. Under certain conditions, isomerization of starting material is observed.
Monitoring electrical properties of thermally modified wood as a possible tool for quality assessment
Authors: Wang Wang , Zhu Yuan , Cao Jinzhen , Kamdem Pascal D.
Published: March 2016

The electrical properties of thermally modified wood (TMW) of southern pine (Pinusspp.) have been investigated, while the samples were modified at 150°C, 175°C, 200°C, and 225°C for 4 h. After conditioning the samples at five relative humidities, the constants for electrical resistance (kR) and dielectricity (kP) were measured and calculated according to the model “electrical properties vs. moisture content”. The correlations betweenkRandkPand mass loss (ML),CIEL*a*b* color and bending properties in terms of modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity were established. The coefficients of determination (R2) between these parameters were found to be between 0.926 and 0.999. TM influenced bothkRandkPvia changing the concentration and mobility of ions inside the wood and decreasing amount of polar groups of wood polymers. The conclusion is that the severity of TM such as the mechanical properties of TMW is in a close relation to the electrical properties.
Formation and properties of polyelectrolytes/TiO2 composite coating on wood surfaces through layer-by-layer assembly method
Authors: Rao Xin , Liu Yongzhuang , Fu Yanchun , Liu Yixing , Yu Haipeng
Published: March 2016

A transparent and protective multilayer coating composed of poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH), poly(styrene sulfonic acid) sodium salt (PSS), and nano-TiO2 films was fabricated on wood surfaces by layer-by-layer assembly method. The coating was formed through pre-immobilization of cationic PAH layer on wood substrate, followed by alternate soaking cycles in pH-controlled anionic PSS solution and TiO2 colloidal solution. The structure and properties of the assembled coating were characterized through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy disperse X-ray analysis (EDXA), UV reflection and absorption, colorimetry, and contact angle (CA) measurement. Results revealed that the coverage uniformity and thickness were improved with increasing number of PSS/TiO2 bilayers. The coating masked the cell wall ultrastructure while leaving the microscale features intact. The anatase TiO2 in the assembled coating enhanced the UV stability of wood and resulted in a lowered photochromism. Furthermore, the photocatalytic capability of the nano-TiO2 films in degrading dyes of rhodamine B and methylene blue was verified. The nano-TiO2 film on the top surface of the coating embodied a superhydrophilicity, showing self-cleaning and anti-fog capabilities. Stearic acid modification altered the superhydrophilicity to hydrophobicity with CA of 140°.
Kinetic Study of Adsorption of Pigments and Oxidation Products in the Bleaching of Rice Bran Oil
Authors: Pohndorf Ricardo S. , Pinheiro Cláudio P. , Pinto Luiz A. A.
Published: March 2016

In this study, different concentrations and types of adsorbents (activated earth, chitin and chitosan) were tested for adsorption of carotenoids, chlorophylls and peroxides in the bleaching of rice bran oil (RBO). The bleaching kinetics showed that using 1 % (w/w) of activated earth for 20 min, there was a suitable reduction in peroxide and pigment contents. The bleaching with 2 % (w/w) of biopolymeric adsorbents promoted to a decrease of around 40 % in the peroxide value. The increased concentration of activated earth led to an increase in the adsorption rate constant, indicating more speed in the bleaching process. The pseudo-second-order model showed best fit to the experimental data in the oil bleaching onto activated earth; however, the pseudo-first-order model was more appropriate to describe the kinetic behavior of adsorption onto chitin and chitosan. The biopolymeric adsorbent has shown to be a potential source for adsorption of metal ions in RBO.
Testing for Oligopsony Power in the US Green Skin Avocado Market
Authors: Evans Edward , H. Ballen Fredy
Published: March 2016

The United States is the main destination for Dominican Republic (DR) green skin avocado exports accounting for over 70 % of the total DR green skin avocado exports from 2004 to 2013. Given the US dominant position in the US-DR green skin avocado trade, the United States may have an incentive to deviate from the competitive markets model, and behave as an oligopsonist. The present study seeks to assess potential oligopsonistic behavior in the US green skin avocado import market. A residual supply model was specified and estimated. Findings indicate that despite its dominant position in the world avocado trade, there is no empirical evidence that indicates that the United States exercises market power over DR exports of green skin avocados.
Determination of methanol in Iranian herbal distillates
Authors: Shirani Kobra , Hassani Faezeh Vahdati , Azar-Khiavi Kamal Razavi , Moghaddam Zohreh Samie , Karimi Gholamreza
Published: March 2016

Background: Herbal distillates have been used as beverages, for flavoring, or as phytomedicines in many countries for a long time. Recently, the occurrence of blindness after drinking herbal distillates has created concerns in Iran. The aim of this study was to determine the concentrations of methanol in herbal distillates produced in Iran.

Methods: Eighty-four most commonly used herbal distillates purchased from herbal distillate factories were analyzed for methanol contents by gas chromatography and flame ionization detection, with ethanol as internal standard.

Results: In 15 herbal distillates, the methanol concentration was below the limit of quantitation. The methanol concentrations in all samples ranged from 43 to 277 mg/L. Forty-five samples contained methanol in excess of the Iranian standard. The maximum concentration was found in an herbal distillate of Mentha piperita (factory E) (277±12), and the minimum in a distillate of Carum carvi (factory B) (42.6 ± 0.5).

Conclusions: Since the 45 Iranian herbal distillates containing methanol levels were beyond the legal limits according to the Iranian standard, it seems necessary to monitor the amount of methanol and give a warning to watch out for the latent risk problem of methanol uptake, and establish a definitive relationship between the degree of intoxication observed and the accumulation of methanol in the blood.
Stationary Currents in Particle Systems with Constrained Hopping Rates
Authors: Cirillo Emilio N. M. , Colangeli Matteo , Muntean Adrian
Published: March 2016

We study the effect on the stationary currents of constraints affecting the hopping rates in stochastic particle systems. In the framework of zero range processes with drift within a finite volume, we discuss how the current is reduced by the presence of the constraint and deduce exact formulae, fully explicit in some cases. The model discussed here has been introduced by Cirillo et al. (Does communication enhance pedestrians transport in the dark? To appear in C. R. Mécanique 344 (2016), 19–23) and is relevant for the description of pedestrian motion in elongated dark corridors, where the constraint on the hopping rates can be related to limitations on the interaction distance among pedestrians, but finds also applications in the modeling of various transport phenomena.