bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ВПЛИВ СИЛ ТЕРТЯ НА СХОДЖЕННЯ РЯТУВАЛЬНОЇ ШЛЮПКИ ВІЛЬНОГО ПАДІННЯ З ПОХИЛОЇ РАМПИ
Authors: Лупіна Тетяна Олексіївна , Горалік Євгеній Тадеушевич , Крюков Микола Миколайович
Published: January 2025

Розглянуто задачу про рух рятувальної шлюпки вільного падіння (РШВП), яка моделюється однорідним стрижнем, при сходженні з похилої рампи протягом першої фази падіння з наростаючим кутом нахилу (фази обертання) з урахуванням впливу сил тертя.Диференціальні рівняння руху РШВП в полярній системі координат з урахуванням сили тертя, рівної половині її максимального значення, складені за допомогою рівнянь Лагранжа другого роду. Отримано розв’язувальну систему звичайних диференціальних рівнянь і сформульовано відповідну задачу Коші.На основі запропонованого підходу проведеночисельні експерименти для визначення часу скочування РШВП, швидкості її центру мас, кутів повороту та кутової швидкості шлюпки в момент відриву від рампи при значеннях коефіцієнту тертя 0; 0,1 і 0,2,значеннях кута нахилу рампи 𝛼=35°та 𝛼=25°,довжині шлюпки 5, 10, 15 м і початковій швидкості її центру мас 6, 8, 10 м/с відповідно.Також на основі диференціальних рівнянь руху стрижня в декартовій та полярній системах координат отримано вираз для нормальної реакції рампи 𝐹𝑛та розв’язувальну систему диференціальних рівнянь в декартовій системі координат. Сформульовано відповідну задачу Коші, яка розв’язується чисельно за допомогою методу Рунге-Кутта четвертого порядку точності. Проведено розрахунки залежностей значення відносної динамічної нормальної реакції 𝐹𝑛/𝑚(Н/кг) стрижня при куті нахилу рампи 𝛼=35°, різних значеннях довжини стрижня, початкової швидкості його центру мас від часу та відстані центру мас до краю опори в процесі скочування, а також побудовано їх графіки для стрижня довжиною 5 метрів і початковій швидкості 6 м/с. Показано, що робота сил тертя протягом фази обертання не перевищує роботу сили тертя при значенні нормальної реакції, рівному половині значення нормальної реакції на початку фази обертання. Встановлено, що вплив тертя на параметри руху РШВП протягом фази обертання незначний і залежить від кута нахилу рампи. При зменшенні кута нахилу рампи вплив тертя на кут повороту і кутову швидкість РШВП зростає, а на лінійну швидкість її центру мас навпаки зменшується. Зроблено висновок про можливість використання запропонованого підходу і чисельних експериментів для врахування сил тертя протягом фази обертання та вибору параметрів руху РШВП.
Ключові слова: рятувальна шлюпка вільного падіння, похила рампа, сила тертя, рівняння Лагранжа другого роду, звичайні диференціальні рівняння, задача Коші, чисельне моделювання, метод Рунге-Кутта.
ОБҐРУНТУВАННЯ ВИБОРУ АПАРАТУ ФОРМАЛІЗАЦІЇ ЗНАНЬ ДЛЯ СИСТЕМ ПІДТРИМКИ ПРИЙНЯТТЯ РІШЕНЬ ДЛЯ ПОПЕРЕДЖЕННЯ ЗІТКНЕНЬ СУДЕН
Authors: Трофименко Ірина Валеріївна , Пліта Леонід Леонідович , Іваненко Віталій Миколайович , Федунов Валерій Миколайович
Published: January 2025

Метою роботи є попередження і зниження кількості випадків зіткнень суден на морі шляхом вивчення та аналізу причин виникнення таких подій та обґрунтування вибору апарату формалізації знань на основі відповідних міжнародних правил для систем підтримки прийняття рішень. Поставлена мета досягається шляхом аналізу відкритої статистики щодо зіткнень суден у світі, сукупності причин їх виникнення й обґрунтування вибору апарату формалізації знань для перспективної системи підтримки прийняття рішень судноводієм. Основою Міжнародних правил попередження зіткнень суден у морі 1972 року (МППЗС-72) є безпечне розходження судна з деякою кінцевою кількістю суден на заданій відстані шляхом врахування закономірностей маневрених характеристик суден та їх управляючих впливів. Недотримання стандартних процедур і правил МППЗС-72 є найважливішою причиною виникнення зіткнень суден. Причини невиконання МППЗС-72 згруповано у три класи: помилки судноводіїв при застосуванні міжнародних правил, змушений відступ від МППЗС-72, ігнорування вказаних правил. Стислий аналіз формалізації правил запобігання зіткненню суден, застосовуваних у системах підтримки прийняття рішень судноводія, свідчить, що дані правила описують лише попарну взаємодію суден. Для формування адекватної картинки навігаційної ситуації та, що склалася у реальності, та формування сценаріїв розвитку поточної ситуації запропоновано розглядати повну множину всіх взаємодіючих пар. Значущим науковим результатом для врахування неточності наявної числової і лінгвістичної інформації є висновок щодо застосування інтервальних оцінок у параметри руху суден на основі нечітких множин другого типу як основного апарату формалізації правил попередження зіткнення суден. Для попередження зіткнення суден пропонується двоєдиний підхід, згідно якого, з одного боку, вдосконалюються процедури на містку, забезпечується безперервне вивчення МППСС-72 і правил з експлуатації своїх суден членами екіпажу, а, з іншого, створюється система підтримки прийняття рішень судноводієм, основу якої складають формалізовані правила МППСС-72, що регламентують процеси розбіжності суден. Ключові слова:судно, попередження зіткнень, розбіжність суден, міжнародні правила, формалізація, система підтримки прийняття рішень.
ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ТЕХНІЧНОГО СТАНУ ПІДШИПНИКІВ СУДНОВИХ ДИЗЕЛІВ
Authors: Фомін О.В. , Заблоцький Ю.В. , Сагін Арсеній Сергійович , Сагін Сергій Вікторович
Published: January 2025

Метою дослідження було визначення впливу антифрикційних покриттів на технічний стан підшипників суднових дизелів. Як антифрикційні покриття використовувалися різні епілами, тонкий шар яких наносився на поверхні вкладишів підшипників суднових дизелів 12V32/40 MAN-Diesel&Turbo. Товщина шару епіламу, що адсорбується на металевій поверхні, контролювалася методом еліпсометрії. Було встановлено, що товщина шару епілама на поверхні вкладишів підшипників суднових дизелів може досягати 11,2...17,4 нм. При цьому час, необхідний для його адсорбції, не перевищує 10хв. Показано, що наношар епіламів, нанесений на металеву поверхню, призводить до підвищення структурних характеристик граничного шару моторного мастила, що використовується в системі мащення дизелів, а саме при цьому збільшується товщина граничного шару (від 12,3мкм до 15,2...18,3мкм), та крайові кути змочування мастила (від 10,2° до 15,8...17,4°). Експериментально підтверджено, що епіламування поверхонь вкладишів підшипників дозволяє значною мірою знизити їх зношування. Для суднового дизеля 12V32/40 MAN-Diesel&Turbo експериментально встановлено, що епіламування забезпечує 1,1...1,4 кратне зниження зносу поверхні вкладишів підшипників, а також їх кращий технічний стан.
Ключові слова:антифрикційні покриття, вкладиш підшипника, граничний шар, знос, моторне мастило, система мащення, судновий дизель, підшипник ковзання, технічний стан, епіламування
Gender Equality in Entrepreneurship: Current Challenges and Strategies for Empowering Women Entrepreneurs
Authors: Gungoren Ferigul
Published: January 2025

Gender equality is a substantial concern in entrepreneurship since women are highly underrepresented and face various disparities. This article investigates the current situation of gender equality in entrepreneurship by using contemporary data and analysis, especially in the tech industry. It focuses on women's challenges in entrepreneurship and tech regarding stereotyping, bias, access to finance, lack of networks and mentorship, and work-life balance. Building on research from a UCL (University College London) dissertation* that analyzed the opportunities available to men and women entrepreneurs in the UK and Turkey, this piece assesses the effectiveness of gender-specific acceleration programs and the underrepresentation of women among investors. With a deep focus on these gender-specific programs, this article discusses their impact on increasing the number of women entrepreneurs from an innovative and unique perspective, compared to standard approaches exemplifying gender-specific actions as best practices and the opportunities provided to women to support an equal entrepreneurship ecosystem. Furthermore, it benefits from the practical information of several podcast series that aim to create awareness of gender equality and inclusion. The article further offers strategies to inspire and empower more women to increase their courage to become the next entrepreneurs in tech, contributing to the ongoing discourse on fostering a more inclusive and equitable entrepreneurial environment by exemplifying best practices, inclusive policies, practices, or training programs.
Experiencing and Learning in the Community: A Qualitative Study of the "1.5km Experiential Learning Circle" in Hong Kong
Authors: Lau Kwun Hang
Published: January 2025

This study explores how the "1.5km Experiential Learning Circle" (ELC) in Hong Kong enhances student engagement and fosters stronger connections with the local community. The ELC encourages students to actively learn by experiencing real-world locations within a 1.5km radius of their schools, including nearby businesses, cultural landmarks, historical sites, government premises, and natural sites. Teachers support this process by identifying local issues and leveraging community resources to enhance learning, including encouraging students to address social challenges and collaborate with external organizations to assist those in need. Through interviews and observations with students, teachers, and community members, this qualitative research investigates how the ELC enhances students’ learning performance, motivation, and attitudes while fostering social responsibility and community engagement. Teachers observed that students became more eager to apply classroom knowledge to real-life contexts through activities like analyzing local businesses, engaging with elders, and solving community issues. Students noted these experiences deepened their understanding, boosted motivation, and enhanced critical thinking. This study highlights the potential of the ELC as a model for experiential learning in urban communities, offering valuable insights for educators looking to create more practical and community-centered learning experiences.
Quebec Contractor Experience with Unbonded Concrete Overlays
Authors: Turgeon Jean-Pierre , Maillard Pierre-Louis
Published: January 2025

With Quebec’s aging road network and increasing truck traffic, rehabilitation of the province’s main highways is an important issue for Quebec’s transportation ministry (MTQ). The use of a concrete overlay is an economical and environmentally sustainable solution, for both old concrete and old asphalt roads. This paper describes two concrete overlay projects for the rehabilitation of two sections of Highway 40 in the Greater Montreal Area: one over concrete pavement and one over asphalt pavement. The very first concrete overlay done for MTQ was applied on a 5 km stretch of 40-year-old concrete pavement in Vaudreuil. The project included the design, construction, and maintenance of the pavement for 10 years. The second unbonded overlay—and the first “whitetopping” in Quebec--was conducted in 2010. A 7 km portion of Highway A40 in L’Assomption with recurrent rutting problem was resurfaced with a concrete pavement.
Construction practices and details in CRCP
Authors: Rens Luc
Published: January 2025

Belgium has a long tradition and a large experience with continuously reinforced concrete pavements. The regional technical specifications describe the design and construction for the regular straight sections in standard situations, as well as for the construction of roundabouts. However particular design and construction details are not provided. In general they are solved with practical empirical solutions. The paper will focus on the technical aspects and construction details such as : - the longitudinal joints in case of a pavement with variable width, - the joint and reinforcement layout at intersections or exit lanes (auxiliary lanes), - the position of anchoring abutments and the number of lugs for shorter sections and widened lanes. The different practical solutions are illustrated by case-studies of finished and planned projects.
Performance of Bonded CRCP Overlay in Texas
Authors: Choi Pangil , Won Moon
Published: January 2025

As of 2012, there are 17,336 lane miles of Portland cement concrete (PCC) pavement managed by the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT), out of a total 196, 821 lane miles in Texas. Many miles of PCC pavement have approached or exceeded their design lives and need rehabilitation. PCC pavements that need rehabilitation now or in the near future were built thinner than today’s standard and are accordingly structurally deficient. Bonded concrete overlay (BCO) provides an optimal rehabilitation option for pavements that are structurally deficient. Over the years, BCO has been utilized in Texas to strengthen existing continuously reinforced concrete pavement (CRCP), with overlay thickness from 2 inches to 8 inches. In general, the performance has been satisfactory; however, in several projects, distresses occurred at early ages and forensic evaluations were conducted, which included continuous deflection testing using rolling dynamic deflection (RDD) and total pavement acceptance device (TPAD), deflection testing using Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD), and other testing including bond strength testing. The findings include (1) BCO performance depends, to a large extent, on the structural condition of the existing CRCP as indicated by slab deflections evaluated by FWD or TPAD, (2) adequate amount of longitudinal steel reinforcement in BCO layer significantly improves CRCP BCO performance, (3) coarse aggregate type in BCO concrete has a significant effect on BCO performance, and (4) discontinuities in existing pavement, such as joints at bridge approach slabs, were problem areas with distresses in BCO. To ensure good performance of CRCP BCO on PCC pavement, it is recommended that (1) the entire project be evaluated with deflection testing device to identify areas with deflections more than 8 mils at 9,000 lbs for strengthening by removal of existing concrete and base layers and replacement with new concrete, (2) deflection threshold values be developed for CRCP BCO on jointed concrete pavement, and (3) longitudinal steel be provided in BCO.
Considerations to Improve the Aggregate Interlock Model for the Joint Load Transfer in Concrete Pavements
Authors: Sun Peizhi , Zollinger Dan G.
Published: January 2025

The capability of a joint to transfer load from one side to the other plays a significant role in the performance of a jointed concrete pavement system. Among the available means to providing joint load transfer, the aggregate interlock mechanism is thought to have greater endurance than dowels with respect to load transfer related performance. In the current Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG), the concept of joint stiffness was adopted to represent the capability of a joint to transfer load through the dowel and aggregate interlock mechanisms. The use of linear springs to represent the behavior of concrete joint stiffness may be reasonable to investigate the global response of a concrete pavement joint to different levels of load transfer, but there is little guidance available to defining a level of joint stiffness for design analysis purposes in terms of measurable material properties. Therefore, it seems that a more fundamental way of charactering the complicated behaviors of aggregate interlock mechanisms is desirable. A constitutive relationship (i.e. shear stress vs. shear displacement) that considers geometric and micromechanical behavior of a crack interface and associated laboratory testing setups to calibrate the model coefficients may be needed to address such a challenge. This paper elaborates an approach of using the shear stress vs. shear displacement response curve predicted by the application of the well-known twophase model to calculate the shear capacity and load transfer efficiency of a joint. Although the well-known two-phase model provides good accuracy in matching experimental results, limitations still exists. Through extensive literature reviews, this paper also suggests other improvements to the micromechanics-based aggregate interlock model by taking into account the effects of boundary conditions, traffic loading and angularity of aggregate particles.
Concrete pavement Falkenberg, Sweden – a 20 year review
Authors: Dolk Ellen , Silfwerbrand Johan , Erlingsson Sigurdur
Published: January 2025

The majority of the road network in Sweden consists of flexible pavements. Only a small fraction is rigid pavements and the most recent concrete structure was built ten years ago. This creates a problem as the national experience and knowledge in terms of design and maintenance of rigid pavements is not maintained. It is therefore important to gather and adequately document the performance of existing concrete structures. One such structure is along the motorway E6 close to Falkenberg on the southwest coast of Sweden built in 1993- 1996. The structure is a 28 km long Jointed Plain Concrete Pavement (JPCP) resting on a cement-treated base. The climate in the area consists of a typical coastal climate with high precipitation and short, relatively warm summers and relatively cold winters with a high number of zero degree changes. Studded tire wear, normally contributing to a large extent to the total rut on the Swedish road network, is only 5 mm after these 20 years. However, the structure is suffering from longitudinal cracking along the outer wheel track that is thought to have been caused by the combined effects of erosion within the cement-treated base, resulting in cavities under the concrete slabs and the fact that the dowel bars are placed too low and thus reducing the load transfer mechanism between the slabs and acting as crack inducers.
COMPOSITE PAVEMENTS: AN EXAMPLE OF A "SHARED TECHNIQUE" FOR BETTER PUBLIC SPACES AND ROAD INFRASTRUCTURES
Authors: Christory Jean-Pierre , Grob Daniel , Guidoux Yves , Sainton Alain
Published: January 2025

Rather than continue the traditional opposition between flexible and rigid pavement materials, there are many reasons today for seeking a closer association of these materials. This "marriage of convenience" is taking place not only in connection with roadway surfaces shared for operational or aesthetic reasons but only in so-called composite structures consisting of a sort of glued strip combining cement concrete and asphalt. The paper describes the technical and economic potential, as well as the usage properties of these new designs. Precautions are of course called for to ensure good bonding of layers in the construction phase and throughout the pavement’s service life. Research and trials in new construction projects and observations on old pavements have led the French highway administration to describe an official option when considering this type of structure for highway projects. Composite pavements are thus a promising area for a resurgence of concrete pavements on heavy-traffic roads, embodying very effectively the "shared technique" concept.
AGGREGATE INTERLOCK LOAD TRANSFER EFFICIENCY AT JOINTS IN CONCRETE PAVEMENTS DURING DYNAMIC LOADING
Authors: Hanekom Anna-Carin , Horak Emile , Visser Alex
Published: January 2025

This paper presents certain aspects of an investigation into methods for modeling aggregate interlock shear transfer in un-doweled jointed concrete pavements. In particular, the results of the investigation into deflection load transfer efficiency due to aggregate interlock across joints in 35 MPa concrete slabs constructed with 19 mm and 37.5 mm granite aggregate, respectively, subjected to simulated 20 kN dynamic loads, are presented. The test setup and methodology used to obtain relevant load, deflection and temperature data are described, together with an analysis of data and comparison with results obtained from modeling with finite element method (FEM) software. At small crack widths (<0.5 mm) the FEM results compared well with what was measured in the laboratory, but at larger crack widths the results differed substantially.
CRCP: A LONG-LASTING PAVEMENT SOLUTION FOR TODAYS MOTORWAYS, THE DUTCH PRACTICE
Authors: Stet Marc J.A. , Van Leest Adrian J.
Published: January 2025

Continuously reinforced concrete pavement (CRCP) structures are becoming more popular for high quality transport purposes and long lasting pavement solutions in The Netherlands. This increase raised the demand for practical guidelines, recommendations and standardisation with respect to design, construction details, the preparation of tender documents and construction. Up to now CRC pavements were more or less treated as unique projects each time. The total report of the research project describes various topics with respect to CRCP design. Technical details for the determination of reinforcement, longitudinal and transverse steel, wearing courses, interlayers and foundation layers as well as sub-bases have been investigated. Also examples of standard drawings for pavement cross sections, reinforcement patterns, pavement ends and joints have been developed in the project and will become available on CD. Last but not least attention has been paid to the construction and quality assurance / quality control during the construction of CRCP pavements. The report addresses the current practice of primary CRCP motorways in the Netherlands.
PERFORMANCE AND REPAIR OF UTW PAVEMENTS
Authors: Wu Chung-Lung , Tayabji Shiraz , Sheehan Matthew , Sherwood James
Published: January 2025

Since its inception in the early 1990s, ultra-thin whitetopping (UTW) technique has rapidly developed into a viable pavement rehabilitation alternative for deteriorated asphalt pavement. The development of the mechanistic design procedure in 1997 represented a milestone in the development of this technology. Over 150 UTW pavements have been built in the last decade. As the UTW technology matures and with many existing UTW projects in services, it is essential to review the performance of existing UTW pavements to understand their behavior under traffic and to establish repair and rehabilitation techniques once distresses occur. The purpose of this 7th International Conference on Concrete Pavements – Orlando, Florida, USA – September 9-13, 2001 paper is to present the results of studies conducted dealing with UTW pavement performance reviews and repair and rehabilitation experiences. The effectiveness of using currently available concrete pavement repair and rehabilitation procedures is explored. The paper includes detailed performance descriptions of several existing UTW pavements in Georgia and Tennessee and the UTW repair and rehabilitation projects conducted at the Federal Highway Administration’s (FHWA) Pavement Testing Facility and in several states.
ANALYSIS OF PERFORMANCE OF THE ULTRA-THIN WHITETOPPING SUBJECTED TO SLOW MOVING LOADS IN AN ACCELERATED PAVEMENT TESTING FACILITY
Authors: Rajan Sudarshan , Olek Jan , Robertson Thomas L. , Galal Khaled
Published: January 2025

Ultra-Thin Whitetopping (UTW) is rapidly emerging as a technology that can be used for the rehabilitation of deteriorated pavements. To investigate the performance of UTW when they are placed over flexible pavements and subjected to a slow moving load, four whitetopping mixtures were placed over a milled asphalt surface in the Accelerated Pavement Testing (APT) facility of the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) Research Division in West Lafayette, Indiana in the Fall of 1999. This paper presents the response of the UTW to repeated loading, including analysis of stresses and strains, with the goal of identifying the factors influencing the performance of UTW. The data was analyzed to determine the maximum strains and their location, the degree of bonding between the UTW and the existing pavement, and the pavement performance under repeated loading. The study described in this paper is a part of a larger effort to develop preliminary design guidelines for UTW construction in Indiana including development of the semi-empirical model for performance prediction of UTW.
Trends in Arab Thought between Past and Present: The Arab Heritage and Modernity
Authors: al-Salimi Abdulrahman
Published: January 2025

This chapter explores the evolving trends in Arab thought, focusing on the intersection of Arab heritage and modernity. It examines how Arab philosophers have grappled with the challenge of modernizing while retaining their cultural identity. The discussion highlights the varying responses to the pressures of Westernization and secularization, with some advocating for a new Renaissance rooted in Arab heritage, while others lean towards adopting Western modernity. The chapter underscores the complexities of maintaining tradition in the face of inevitable change.
Cartoons and Comic Gothic in Early Nineteenth-Century Chapbooks
Authors: Potter Franz
Published: January 2025

This chapter explores the comic in the frontispieces and illustrations of Gothic chapbooks and pamphlets in the early nineteenth century. It considers the utilisation of Gothic iconography and aesthetics in early frontispieces even as the Gothic novel declined in popularity. It demonstrates how these illustrations evolved from the horrific to the melodramatic by recycling the same images that had originally expanded Gothic’s visuality, but with a tendency toward self-parody. Artists such as Thomas Rowlandson, George and Robert Cruikshank repurposed Gothic iconography to reflect readers’ shifting interests and an evolving literary marketplace, from sensational representations of horror to satire and caricature.
The Comic Gothic of Edith Wharton’s Witches
Authors: Whitehead Sarah
Published: January 2025

Various witches populate Edith Wharton’s short fiction, from the hardly human Mrs Rutledge in her 1925 story ‘Bewitched’, to the unforgettably hideous Zenobia Frome, wife of the long-suffering Ethan. Whilst the horror in these characters is well-recognized, their humour has prompted little critical scrutiny to date. This chapter firstly considers Wharton’s ludic dialogue with witch lore and associated literary heritages in these figures, and how her witticisms and funniness both add to the fear and fascination in a Comic Gothic tradition and also create a further layer to her narratives beyond their fearful surface humour. With reference to Bahktin’s arguments concerning laughter and truth in the grotesque tradition, this chapter considers how the Comic Gothic of Wharton’s witch figures offers a revisioning of twentieth-century consumerist America and its attitude towards older, marginalized women, via Wharton’s graphic presentations of the ageing female body and the comic abject in her witch figures. It concludes with a consideration of the narrating consciousnesses in these particular portraits and asks exactly who or what the joke might be on.
‘Your Girlfriend is a Bloody Ghost!’: Indian Horror / Gothic Comedy Cinema
Authors: Valančiūnas Deimantas
Published: January 2025

Since its beginning Indian cinema for years resisted the logic of genre classification, and, therefore, even those films which could be labelled as either ‘gothic’, or’ horror’ usually incorporated elements of romance, action and comedy. And even though there were a few films which used an almost equal share of the comic and the horrific in their narratives, the actual surge of a ‘horror / Gothic comedy’ genre has happened only from the mid-2000s. Since both Gothic and Comedy arethe genres which may function as a definite social and political critique, the emergence of a ‘collision of laughter and terror’ (Carrol 1999, 146) in India as a separate (and very popular) genre in the 2000s may signal about certain sociocultural and national instabilities and tensions which required a broader exposure and discussion. Therefore, by analysing some of the most important comic Gothic films of Indian cinema of the past two decades (Bhoothnath 2008, Bhooter Bhabishyat 2012, Stree 2018, Roohi 2021) this chapter will investigate these films as a certain cultural platform where the Comic Gothic / horror mode is evoked in order to address and discussthe anxieties of modern India about modernisation, memory, gender and sexuality.
‘My Great Ambition is to Be an Authoress’: Constructing Space for Literary Girlhoods in Australasian Children’s Correspondence Pages, 1900–1930
Authors: Gilderdale Anna
Published: January 2025

During the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries children’s correspondence pages in popular periodicals took the Anglophone reading world by storm. Children’s pages in weekly and monthly papers carved out space for children in print and played an important role in creating and nurturing a new forum for young readers to express themselves. This chapter focuses on the early journeys of Australian and New Zealand writers, such as Vera Dwyer, Kathleen Dalziel and Dulce Carman, for whom contributing to periodicals in their youth was a vital steppingstone to professional authorship. Australasian correspondence pages at the fin de siècle created a new type of literary community which nurtured young writers’ authorial, journalistic, and editorial aspirations, particularly those of young women. This chapter uses the girlhoods of several Australian and New Zealand writers to explore themes of mentorship and ambition.
‘Sober Soldiers’: How Children’s Temperance Magazines Won the First World War
Authors: McAllister Annemarie
Published: January 2025

Children’s temperance periodicals were among the largest-circulation magazines in the second half of the nineteenth century and were still popular into the twentieth century. Most were published by the United Kingdom Band of Hope Union. The magazines supported this community, giving extra instruction and performance material for young readers and the thousands of adult volunteers who led the meetings. Between 1914 and 1919, however, the role of the magazines changed dramatically to maintain an imagined community, provide continuity in a frightening time, and link children’s temperance activities to the war effort. This chapter examines the two main periodicals for young members and their voluntary workers, the Band of Hope Review and the Band of Hope Chronicle, to discover how they fulfilled their mission during the period of the First World War. Material for young readers provided comfort by presenting the familiar or the opportunity to escape into fantasy, but also, importantly, reflection of current events and validation of their concerns. Exploring wartime conditions through periodicals provides a striking insight into how adults sought to support children’s welfare.
Subjectivity and Decolonisation in the Post-Independence Novel and Film
Authors: Jilani Sarah
Published: January 2025

The decades following the independences from colonialism saw a pioneering generation of realist novels and films emerge across Africa and South Asia. They told stories of people living through national circumstances fast diverging from the promises of decolonisation. This book explores how post-independence texts critique their own political conditions by choosing to narrate a different, but related, problem – that which Ngugi wa Thiong’o once called ‘decolonising the mind’. Guided by the psycho-political thought of Frantz Fanon, the book examines how Fanon maps a dialectical relationship between decolonisation and the self. From there, it considers how eight well known and less studied works from the 1950s–1980s treat subjectivity, building interdisciplinary analyses between non-adjacent but comparable cultural moments in South Asia, West Africa, and East Africa through its critical explorations of poetics and cinematics, without flattening difference. Arguing for an understanding of postcolonial subject-formation that is inextricable from histories of collective struggle, and for the special contribution of literature and film to the latter, this book showcases why post-independence texts help us understand the transformation of subjectivities as a materially consequential process that sits squarely within the broader, unfinished project that is decolonisation.
Carceral Ecologies: Incarceration and Hydrological Haunting in Jesmyn Ward’s Sing, Unburied, Sing
Authors: Phillip Cydney
Published: January 2025

This chapter demonstrates how Jesmyn Ward’s Sing, Unburied, Sing (2017) merges ghosts, water and prisons to narrate an ongoing trajectory of carceral ecologies in the U.S. South. By invoking the history of Parchman Prison alongside memories of the Middle Passage, Sing, Unburied, Sing provides a lens through which we can develop a concept of hydrological haunting in relation to aqueously mediated captivity and violence. African American activism and scholarship has done much to expose the racialized nature of the US criminal justice system. The ecological features of mass incarceration, however, are rarely acknowledged despite how heavily toxic environments have historically shaped the American carceral experience. In 2016, the Human Rights Defense Center’s Prison Ecology Project began campaigning against the extent to which public policy has failed to recognise the relationship between mass incarceration and environmental degradation, emphasizing the pollution produced by overpopulated prisons and the impact they have on surrounding water ways. Water is thus a medium for reading continuities of ecological violence, from slave ship to penitentiary. This chapter argues that by highlighting the longstanding relationship between water and incarceration, Sing, Unburied, Sing illuminates the ways in which the carceral model of the Middle Passage constellates into the present.
Sophocles and Happy Endings
Authors: Mahoney Anne
Published: January 2025

Following de Romilly, this chapter identifies four types of tragic plots: tragic in the modern sense; lyric, in which a hero saves a damsel in distress (for example Andromeda; there are no extant plays of this type); romantic or melodramatic, based on recognition of a long-lost family member (for example Iphigenia Among the Taurians); and serene, with a peaceful conclusion (for example Eumenides). The serene plot type always has a happy ending, and the lyric and romantic types normally do. Happy endings were common for fifth-century tragedies; it was not just Euripides who used them but also Sophocles. The restriction of tragedies to the tragic plot type comes from the Romans and may be as early as Cicero's time. I analyze Tyro and Oedipus at Colonus as examples of happy-ending plots.
Empire, Slavery and Capitalism
Authors: Snaith Anna
Published: January 2025

This chapter considers references to the economics of race, empire and slavery in Woolf’s major essays – A Room of One’s Own and Three Guineas – to argue that in both these texts the fundamental tropes and symbols of feminist liberation are predicated on the capitalist gains of empire. Through analysis of the economics of Woolf’s feminism – the legacy left by the narrator’s Anglo-Indian aunt in A Room and the use of the term ‘guinea’ with its links to goldmining and the history of slavery in West Africa – the chapter posits that imperial violence and racial oppression haunt these essays and their otherwise trenchant critique of patriarchal society. A final section, turns from the systems of empire to Black lives and the fleeting figure of the Black woman in A Room, positioned outside of British citizenship. While such silences and occlusions represent the limitations and privilege of Woolf’s feminism, her methodology and the questions she asks have resonated with more contemporary African American writers, including Alice Walker and Saidiya Hartman. In questioning the terms of the iconicity of Woolf’s major political essays, we can trace alternative modes of resonance and influence.
Revenge and Mutually Assured Destruction: Reflections on Hamlet and Kant
Authors: White Robert
Published: January 2025

At first glance the apparently insatiable Elizabethan taste for revenge drama or ‘tragedy of blood’ (referring to kinship as much as gore), seems intriguingly antiquated. The genre included some of the most popular plays of the period, such as Kyd’s The Spanish Tragedy, Shakespeare’s Titus Andronicus and Hamlet (possibly building on a mysterious lost ancestor, the so-called Ur-Hamlet). Other examples still performed are Middleton’s The Revenger’s Tragedy in which the central protagonist is named Vindice, Marston’s Antonio’s Revenge, Webster’s The White Devil and others. In The Spanish Tragedy and Hamlet, a person dis- covers the murder of a close relative, and having no recourse to public justice, takes the law into his own hands by embarking on a path of retaliation leading to murder. He often simulates or suffers madness, and ends up violently slaughtered alongside other implicated protagonists in a final bloodbath. The pattern is played out in family terms, but this can be a metaphor for all-engulfing disputes between warring nation-states, or factional dynasties within a nation in civil war. In this sense, it is far from obsolete, and modern foreign policy in so-called ‘developed’ wars rests fallaciously on a stated revenge-logic of ‘deterrence’ through nuclear arsenals, predicating ‘mutual assured destruction’ as the inevitable destiny of sequential revenge. In the eighteenth century Kant in Perpetual Peace pinpointed the necessity of obviating the motive and means for retribution, and the permanent dismantling of militias and weapons of mass destruction, as the only way to end war.
Make War, not Love: Othello’s ‘Occupation’
Authors: White Robert
Published: January 2025

Othello is Shakespeare’s most thoroughgoing anatomy of military life in its public and private facets. Prompted by bare hints in his source, he built upon them a disturbingly intimate vision of army relationships, and especially the misogynistic conditioning of violence in the male officer-class. However, he chooses to depict the ethos not in combat but while soldiers are ‘at ease’, highlighting not so much the violence of war but simmering professional rivalries, attitudes to women, and pressures on army marriages. The victims are the three women depicted in the play.
Ngo Dinh Diem: Preparing the Ground for Assassination
Authors: Trenta Luca
Published: January 2025

The chapter covers the Kennedy Administration’s policy towards South Vietnamese leader Ngo Dinh-Diem. It traces Diem’s evolution – in Washington’s eyes - from ally to obstacle in the war against the North. The Chapter explores the role of the CIA’s Lucien Conein, of US Ambassador Lodge, and of the White House in the overthrow of Diem. The US government supported South Vietnamese Generals who aimed at regime change. It developed a system of incentives and sanctions to make sure that the Generals followed through, never making the safety of Diem a part of the deal. At the last minute, the US government and the CIA refused to save Diem’s life and washed their hands of his fate.
John le Carré and the Jews
Authors: Griffin Martin
Published: January 2025

Chapter explores the various roles occupied by Jewish characters in John le Carré’s fiction. Jews often represent either historical trauma or a kind of universal outsider status, tolerated but not fully accepted into society. In The Little Drummer Girl the Israeli characters have agency historically denied to Jews in Europe, but in The Tailor of Panama Jewish identity itself becomes an adopted performance only.
Introduction
Authors: Fratantuono Ella
Published: January 2025

This chapter describes the overall topic, argument, and framework of the book. The chapter discusses the history of the contemporary international refugee regime and summarizes how legal distinctions between migrants and refugees influence scholarly and non-scholarly understandings of migration. The chapter introduces the term muhacir, an Ottoman term for ‘migrant’ that encompassed movements held distinct in contemporary approaches to managing and studying migration, and it proposes the late Ottoman Empire as a setting to historicize categories and labels used to describe human mobility. The chapter summarizes the main features of the Ottoman reform period. It then defines the conceptual frames that guide the book’s analysis of Ottoman state-building and migration management: governmentality, social engineering, and failure. The chapter provides an overview of immigration patterns in the nineteenth and early-twentieth century Ottoman Empire. It concludes with an outline of the book’s organization and subsequent chapters.
Dismodernism and Forms of Dependency in Slow Man
Authors: Wojtas Paweł
Published: January 2025

This chapter focuses on the double meaning of the term “dismodernism.” One meaning, as conceptualized by Lennard J. Davis (2002), presupposes disability as symptomatic of the postmodern culture of dependency. The second meaning, based on the etymology of the prefix dis-, gestures towards resistance to the cultural and formal practices of modernism and late modernity. The novels of J.M. Coetzee are committed to practicing a rebranded form of modernism, one that both embraces and defers modernist formal tactics. This chapter proposes that through certain formal devices deployed in the novel Slow Man, which disrupt the illusion of textual wholeness and verisimilitude, Coetzee critiques the neoliberal “culture of speed” (Murray 2019) and compulsory normalcy. It also examines how Coetzee’s text formally reproduces the structure of the culture of dependency. Finally, it considers how these formal tactics complement Coetzee’s representation of physical disability in relation to the ethical aspects of care and dependency.
Education and political socialisation in contemporary China: From institutional discourse to teaching materials
Authors: Bertulessi Chiara
Published: January 2025

This chapter adopts the theoretical framework of the Discourse-Historical Approach to investigate the relationship between political discourse and education in the People’s Republic of China. Specifically, it presents an analysis of a set of documents and cultural products belonging to different genres formally produced by different authors, which, however, represent one ideal institutional author – the Party-state. Over the decades, educational policies have been repeatedly adapted to serve changing social, economic and political needs, while rigid control has always been exerted in this field also as a tool for the legitimisation of political power. Since 2012, several topics have been given prominence in the Party-state’s discourse of and on education, including the cultivation of talents for China’s future development, the importance of ideopolitical and moral education, and the objective to transform China into an ‘educational power’. This chapter investigates the discursive strategies used to construct and reiterate specific topics and sub-topics of the official discourse of education through different genres to build consensus and engage citizens in the realisation of the leadership’s goals.
Metaphors and political arguments in environmental debates: ‘Our house is still on fire’
Authors: Augé Anaïs
Published: January 2025

This chapter investigates the argumentative function of quoted metaphors in political debates about climate change. The metaphorical depiction of political arguments promotes a particular viewpoint on the environmental crisis (e.g. climate change perceived as the enemy of humanity). Yet this metaphorical depiction provides enough ground for political opponents to highlight the inaccuracy of the figurative mapping (e.g. humanity as the enemy of the planet and climate change as a weapon). How are metaphor source domains exploited, and how is this exploitation questioned and criticised by political opponents? To address these questions, this chapter focuses on metaphorical occurrences related to the scenario the earth as a building on fire. This scenario can be observed in a plurality of texts produced by various political leaders and by different climate change activists, analysing a wide range of arguments promoted by these multiple uses of the scenario in the texts. This chapter draws on Critical Metaphor Analysis and metaphor scenarios to show how environmental debates may revolve around the political use and mis-use of a metaphor.
Paratextuality in Anglophone and Hispanophone Poems in the US Press, 1855-1901
Authors: Bonifacio Ayendy
Published: January 2025

Today, we routinely encounter poetry in online-and print-versions of books, anthologies, and literary magazines, but rarely—if ever—in national and regional newspapers. This was not always the case. Throughout most of the nineteenth century, Anglo and Hispanophonereaders encountered more poems in newspapers than in any other medium. With the rise of the penny press in the 1830s came changes to the production and dissemination of verse throughout the century. By the mid-nineteenth century, the U.S. had produced more newspapers and newspaper poets than any other modern nation. This moment of mass poetic production presents a unique occasion to study the cultural, social, and material phenomenon of the newspaper poem. Newspapers and the Poetics of Paratextuality (1855-1901) invites a serious reflection on the poetics of newspaper poems and the function of the elements that surround and contextualize them. Drawing examples from over 200 English-language and Spanish-language newspapers and periodicals published between January 1855 and October 1901, this book proposes a “poetics of paratextuality”—a theory and methodology that shapes the production of newspaper poetry and lets us analyze the anatomy of the page and the links between and among poems as framing elements that generate poetic value and taste.
Poetess as Paratext: The Contextualizing Influence of Lydia H. Sigourney and Alice Cary in the New York Ledger
Authors: Bonifacio Ayendy
Published: January 2025

This chapter sets the stage for a poetics of paratextuality via a study of Lydia Huntly Sigourney and Alice Cary in Robert E. Bonner’s (1824-1899) New York Ledger. It argues that Bonner’s regular publication of Sigourney and Cary was a strategy to manage the Ledger’s image as a “family paper.” The chapter begins by describing the Ledger as a periodical bridging the gap between broadsheets and literary monthlies, occupying an interstitial place in the print market world between popular culture and high culture. The chapter then examines Sigourney’s “hermeneutic poems,” which provided biblical teachings on usury, hubris, death, and munificence. These poems thematically complemented and conflicted with the Ledger’s sensationalist paratext, which included serials about love, hate, crime, and murder. In the third section, the chapter explores Cary’s cross-genre writing in the Ledger. Cary’s work was marked by cross-genre experimentation, introducing a pastoral element absent from the Ledger’s otherwise sensational content. This chapter leads to several preliminary conclusions about how a poetics of paratextuality shaped the production and assembly of Sigourney’s and Cary’s Ledger contributions, and how these contributions informed the image of the poetess persona as a major figure in Bonner’s paper. Often viewed as poetesses during and after their lifetimes, mostly for being women and less for finessing cultural stereotypes about women writers, Sigourney and Cary evince how pervasive and complex the poetess persona was in mid-century story papers.
Displaced Relationality: Israel as a Mirror for Germany
Authors: Hesse Isabelle
Published: January 2025

This chapter examines how Andres Veiel’s documentary Balagan (1993) and Ina Dentler’s novel Zerbrochenes Deutsch: Zweimal Berlin-Haifa (Broken German: Two Times Berlin-Haifa; 2014) use Israel to think through the ways in which the Holocaust has been remembered in Germany since the First Intifada, and how this has shaped Germany’s relationship with Israel and Palestine. Israel, and its relations with Palestinians, functions as a space or mirror for both artists to displace their anxieties about how the Holocaust is remembered in Germany geographically, and in Dentler’s case also temporally. Through this ‘displaced relationality’, Veiel – and to a lesser extent Dentler – creates the necessary distance to address Germany’s coming to terms with its Nazi past after reunification and the ways in which the Holocaust, and Germany’s relationships with Israel and Palestine, should be addressed in the twenty-first century. Hence, in their works, both Veiel and Dentler emphasise that Holocaust memory should not only look backwards, but also needs to address present and future concerns.