bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Дворянские выборы в Санкт-Петербургской губернии в последней трети XVIII века
Authors: Морозан Владимир Васильевич
Published: July 2022

В представленной статье предпринята попытка исследовать практику проведения первых дворянских выборов в С.-Петербургской губернии в последней трети XVIII в. Впервые проведенные в 1867 г., дворянские выборы со временем обрели для этого сословия чрезвычайное значение. В отмеченные годы оттачивалась практика их проведения, которая прошла определенную эволюцию от выборов лишь уездных предводителей дворянства и депутатов Уложенной комиссии до избрания целого ряда должностей судебно-полицейских органов С.-Петербургской губернии. В эти годы формируются органы дворянского самоуправления, институты общественного призрения, складываются регулярность и время проведения сословных выборов, а также основные прерогативы дворянских собраний. Многие традиции последней трети XVIII в. в избирательной практике дворян сохранялись долгие годы, а некоторые и вовсе не были утрачены за весь период созыва дворянских собраний. В частности, традиция слушать литургию в храме Казанской иконы Божией Матери сохранилась до начала ХХ в. Там же дворяне приносили присягу перед открытием собрания. В эти же годы сложилась традиция приглашать дворян к праздничному столу, который устраивался за счет Двора. Наконец, к концу XVIII в. дворянство воспринимало возможность регулярно собираться для обсуждения жизненно важных проблем своего сословия и выбирать из своей среды кандидатов на ряд должностей как естественное и неотъемлемое его право. Не случайно правовые акты Павла I, в частности указ 14 октября 1799 г. об упразднении губернских выборов, были восприняты дворянством как попытка принизить роль и значение дворянства до уровня рядовых подданных императора.
“O Samba de Aboio é de Santa Barbara”: celebração, fé e resistência cultural numa comunidade negra sergipana
Authors: Souza de Assis Yérsia
Published: July 2022

O/A Samba de Aboio/Festa de Santa Barbara é uma festa/prática de fé que acontece todos os anos no povoado Aguada, na cidade de Carmópolis, no estado de Sergipe (SE). Fundada por uma africana chamada Tamashalim Ecuobanker, a festa acontece em celebração à abolição da escravatura (1888), e concomitantemente são feitas devoções à Iansã/Santa Barbara. A festa que tem como marco histórico o ano de 1888 vem atravessando gerações da Mota e Assis, família que é detentora do legado iniciado por Tamashalim. A família Mota e Assis junto com a comunidade do povoado Aguada são os agentes mantenedores dessa prática de fé, que é também festiva. Este trabalho pretende discutir alguns aspectos que envolvem a organização e promoção desta festa/prática de fé, compreendendo que essa manifestação de fé e festa apontam para os muitos tipos de estratégias de resistências da cultura negra no Brasil.  O artigo articula-se a partir das bibliografias que discutem a temática. Somado a isso, utilizo dados etnográficos de pesquisas de campo previamente realizadas.
ASSESSMENT OF THE LEVEL OF PHYSICAL TRAINING OF SCHOOLCHILDREN IN 7-9 CLASSES
Authors: Eloyan Narek
Published: July 2022

Analysis of the results of complex testing of physical fitness of schoolchildren showed the ambiguity of the changes in the studied indicators. The low and below the average level of strength, general strength endurance, and flexibility indicators was recorded among schoolchildren of both sexes.
The data obtained as a result of the study prove the need to improve the process of school physical education, aimed at developing the mobility of schoolchildren, increasing the functional capabilities of the body, maintaining and strengthening their health. It provides for the use of modern innovative technologies that enrich the content of physical education. One of the means can be tourism preparation.
Spanish Classical Theater in COVID-19 Times: How Andalusian Companies Dealt with the 2020 Pandemic
Authors: Moreno Laura Ramiro
Published: July 2022

With the closure of theaters in March of 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, theatrical companies in Spain were forced to change their seasonal programs. After interviewing actors, directors, and producers from different provinces of Andalusia who work with classical theater, this work exposes the difficulties that theater practitioners faced during the closures of the theaters and how they adapted to the restrictions imposed upon the reopening of theatrical spaces. These professionals explained what could or could not be adapted from their work, how long this adaptation took (or would have taken), and what other barriers they faced that are not obvious for laypersons. Furthermore, this article introduces these companies’ opinions on virtual adaptations, recordings, and other alternative forms of theater. Finally, this work reveals how theater practitioners see the future of theater and comedia after the emergence of digital performances during the pandemic.
A importância da de políticas públicas direcionadas à cultura funk
Authors: Prado de Almeida Renata
Published: July 2022

Este artigo busca evidenciar o histórico da perseguição política que a população negra enfrenta para exercer suas práticas culturais, e como o racismo impacta o desenvolvimento artístico da juventude negra e periférica. Realiza-se uma reflexão sobre a criação de políticas públicas direcionadas ao movimento funk, entendendo como projetos de lei podem ser uma contribuição positiva para o desenvolvimento do estilo ao garantir o direito dos jovens de ocupar a cidade.
Correlation of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Serum Lipid Levels Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Waqas Muhammad , Razzaq Hira , Khan Muhammad Akif Ali , Khan Sara , Muhammad Arslan Khawar Chaudhary , Jamil Maheen
Published: July 2022

Objective: We conducted this study among people with type 2 diabetes to see if 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and serum lipid levels correlate. Study Design: Retrospective/ Cross-sectional study Place and Duration: THQ Hospital Khairpur Tamewali, Bahawalpur. Jun 2021-Dec 2021 Methods: In this study, a total of 140 people with type-2 diabetes were examined. The patients ranged in age from 20 to 85 years. Detailed demographics, including age, sex, BMI, literacy, and occupation, were obtained from all patients with signed consent. Blood samples were obtained from each patient and sent to a facility to be analyzed. HbA1c and cholesterol levels were also tested. Serum 25(OH)D levels were determined using an electrochemiluminescence technique. The lipid panel was measured using an automated analyzer utilizing enzymatic techniques. SPSS 24.0 version was used to analyze complete data. Results: There were 80 (57.1%) males and 60 (42.9%) female patients in this study. Mean age of the patients was 49.12±3.61 years with mean BMI 27.11±8.44 kg/m2. 65 (46.4%) cases were literate and majority of the patients were job holders in factories 82 (58.6%). Frequency of vitamin D deficiency was found among 100 (71.4%) cases. Frequency of dyslipidemia was found among 108 (77.1%) patients. We found mean cholesterol level was 184.11±6.67 (mg/dl), mean HDL among patients were 45.16±5.53 mg/dl, mean triglyceride was 148.9±4.71 mg/dl, mean LDL among patients was 102.6±7.31 mg/dl and mean vitamin D deficiency among patients was 24.13±9.76 mg/dl. Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, vitamin D deficiency is extremely common among patients with type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, it is possible that vitamin D deficiency has an impact on dyslipidemia in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Liver Injury and Severe Covid 19 Associated without Prior Liver Disease
Authors: Ahmad Naeem , Ajmal Sheikh Ali Ahmad , Nawaz Muhammad Tasneem , Khan Saud Javed Sara , Banu Ahmed Nawaz , Nazam Imtiaz
Published: July 2022

Objective: The aim of current study is to determine the association in liver injury in patients without preexisting liver disease by severe pandemic disease coronavirus. Study Design: Observational study Place and duration: THQ Hospital Kamalia. April 2020-March 2021 Methods: There were one hundred and three patients had corona virus illness were presented in this study. After obtaining informed written permission, the demographics of enrolled patients, including age, sex, and BMI, were recorded. Comorbidities signs and symptoms of disease were also recorded. Severity of disease and its adverse outcomes on liver were assessed in regular follow up. SPSS 21.0 was used to analyze complete data. Results: The mean of the patients was 52.4 ±12.37 years and had mean BMI 27.2±8.51 kg/m2. Majority of the patients 63 (61.2%) were males and remaining 40 (38.8%) were females. There were 55 (53.4%) patients had hypertension and 32 (31.1%) cases had diabetes. Most common symptoms were fever, cough dyspnea among all cases. This study found a strong association between severe COVID-19 and an increased AST > 2ULN, GGT > 2ULN, lower albumin (p = 0.020), higher SIRS (p = 0.045), higher procalcitonin, higher ferritin, lower pO2 (p = 0.044), and an elevated SOFA (p = 0.002), which is indicative of an inflammation response. A greater rate of COVID-19-related mortality was found to be associated with elevated levels of direct bilirubin, low albumin, tachypnea, and leukocytosis, according to the study's findings. Conclusion: We found that individuals with COVID-19 have indications of liver damage, which we believe is due to an inflammatory response that corresponds with the severity of COVID-19. Keywords: Liver Injury, Covid 19, Comorbidities, Liver Enzymes
Efficacy of Closed Reduction Perutaneous Pinning and Laeral Pinning in the Treatment of Supracndylar Fracture of Humerus in Children
Authors: Muhammad Zaryab , Khubaib Muhammad , Hussain Syed Sarmad
Published: July 2022

Objective: Closed reduction percutaneous cross pinning vs. lateral pinning in the treatment of children's supracondylar humeral fractures is the goal of this research. Study Design: Prospective study Place and Duration: THQ hospital Jaranwala/ Punjab medical college Faisalabad. Feb 2021-Aug 2021 Methods: This research included a total of 90 patients of both sexes. After obtaining informed permission, demographic information such as gender, age, and BMI was gathered. Patients ranging in age from 2 to 15 years old were taken into consideration for treatment. Two groups of children with fractures of the supracondylar humerus were recruited and randomized. In the first group, 45 patients got percutaneous cross pinning, whereas in the second group, 45 patients had lateral pinning performed on them. Both groups' radiological and functional outcomes were evaluated using Flynn's criteria, and a high incidence of problems was noted. SPSS 24.0 was used to analyze all of the data. Results: Total 60 (66.7%) patients were males and 30 (33.3%) cases were females. There was no any significant difference of age among both groups. Most common cause of fracture was sports and road traffic accident. In group I mean surgical time was 28.12±4.04 minutes and mean time in group II was 32.21±4.31 minutes. We found mean radiation time in group I was greater 4.11±5.41 sec than in group II radiation time was 3.21±4.5 sec. According to Flynn's criteria, excellent results were found in 29 (64.4 %) cases, good results were found in 10 (22.2 %), and fair results were found in 6 (13.3 %) cases in group I, while excellent results were found in 24 (53.3 %) cases, good results were found in 13 (28.9 %), and fair results were found in 8 (17.8%) cases in group II. Conclusion: After conducting this study, we came to the conclusion that both methods for the treatment of closed reduction supracondyla fractures of the humerus are safe and effective for children; however, percutaneous pining was found to be less operative and required more radiation time than two lateral pinnings. Keywords: Two lateral pinning, Children, Supracondylar humerus fracture, Percutaneous cross pinning
Prevalence of Viral Hepatitis and its Variable Outcome Among Diabetic Patients
Authors: Memon Fayaz Ahmed , Bashir Farah , Raja Kapeel , Kamran Muhammad , Rahman Faisal , Habib Muhammad Saqib
Published: July 2022

Objective: Evaluation of the clinical and biochemical characteristics among diabetes and non-diabetic individuals suffering from acute viral hepatitis is the focus of this particular research. Study Design: Prospective/Observational study Place and Duration: Social Security Teaching Hospital Ferozepur Road Lahore. April, 2021 to Sep, 2021 Methods: This research includes 140 individuals of acute viral hepatitis. Cases in the study ranged in age from 20 to 72 years old. Following signed and informed permission, demographic information, such as a patient's BMI (Body Mass Index), dwelling address, and educational status, were gathered. Patients were divided into two categories. 70 non-diabetic patients were included in group A and 70 diabetic patients with acute viral hepatitis were in group B. In both groups, smoking history was caculated. Both groups of patients had their clinical and biochemical indicators monitored throughout their hospitalization. Analysis was performed by using SPSS 24.0. Results: In current study males were significantly higher in numbers than females with p value 0.005. In both groups, hepatitis E was the most prevalent cause, followed by B and A. There were considerably greater mean blood bilirubin levels in diabetics than in nondiabetics, as well as lower ALT and albumin levels. Diabetic patients spent an average of 22.5±7.45 days in the hospital compared to 11.4±6.45 days for non-diabetic patients, with a p value of 0.03. Group B had a death rate of 4 (5.7%), due to liver failure, whereas group A had no mortality. Conclusion: In the present study, we found that diabetes patients with acute viral hepatitis had lower levels of ALT, higher levels of bilirubin, a larger risk of liver failure, and longer hospital admissions than non-diabetic patients with the same condition. Except this death rate in diabetic patients was 5.7%. Keywords: Clinical Outcomes, Diabetes, Mortality, Acute Viral Hepatitis
Family History of Diabetes: An Important Risk Factor for Developing PCOS
Authors: Fayyaz Sana , Butt Muhammad Bilal , Khan Saima , Ali Adnan , Abbas Hafiza Yasmeen , . Sunita
Published: July 2022

Background and Aim: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a new rising disorder of reproductive, metabolic, and endocrine disorders of young females of reproductive age suffering from insulin resistance, increased levels of androgens, and altered morphology of ovaries with multiple cysts, and oligoanovulation. The burden of disease is significantly high with a global prevalence of 5% - 10% of reproducing females. Literature has reported a positive correlation between diabetes mellitus in the family and the resultant risk of developing PCOS among the female population. This study will aim to assess the correlation between the familial history of diabetes mellitus and concurrent risk of developing PCOS in a tertiary care hospital in Lahore, Pakistan. Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted in the Medicine and Gynecology department of Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore for duration of four months from October 2021 to January 2022. Participants were recruited following inclusion and exclusion criteria. Sample population was estimated to be 150 females. Participants were recruited by convenient sampling. After recruitment participants underwent physical, clinical, and serological assessment. Diagnosis of PCOS was made by following Rotterdam criteria. Data collection was done by 14 points questionnaire and history interview. Results: This study showed that all participants diagnosed with PCOS have a history of early menarche, increased level of heartbeats, a large volume of ovaries, and a lesser volume of uterus. Patients also showed increased peripheral follicles. Serologic outcomes of participants showed a generalized increase in TT levels and a generalized decrease in SHBG levels with 1.71 (1.04-2.23) nmol/L and 45.39 ± 24.44 nmol/L respectively. About 56.2% (n= 83) of the participants gave a history of the abnormal menstrual cycle and 70.3% (n= 104) of the population agreed to abnormal hair growth on the body. When assessing the history of diabetes mellitus prevalence among families of the participants, the results showed that 19% of the population (n= 28) gave a positive history of diagnosed diabetes mellitus of both mother and father, 21.1% of the participants (n= 31) suggested that their parents were never tested for diabetes mellitus before, whereas remaining 43.8% (n= 89) gave no familial history of diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: The study concludes that the most common characteristics of PCOS among the population of Pakistan is increased weight followed by abnormal hair growth, participants present with increased TT and decreased SHBG levels. Familial history of diabetes mellitus is considered a risk factor for developing PCOS. Keywords: Familial diabetes, Diabetes mellitus, Polycystic ovary syndrome, Risk factors of PCOS
Effectiveness of An Educational Program on Elementary Schools’ Teachers' Knowledge about Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Hawas Asmaa Hammoz , Qasim Wissam Jabbar
Published: July 2022

Background: World Health Organization mentioned that people with autism have a wide range of abilities and requirements, which might change over time. While some persons with autism are able to live independently, others have severe difficulties that necessitate lifelong care and assistance. Autism has a significant influence on schooling and employment prospects. Objective(s): This study aims to determine the effectiveness of an educational program on elementary schools’ teachers' knowledge about autism spectrum disorders. Methodology: A quasi-experimental design (purposive study) used to guide this study, it was applied by the use of pre-post- test approach for two groups of samples (case and control) to determine the effectiveness of an educational program on elementary schools’ teachers' knowledge about autism spectrum disorder in Al-Diwaniyah Educational Directorate during the period from (25th September, 2021) to (1st April, 2022). A non-probability purposive sample was selected from all the schools’ teachers. The total number of teachers who attended to the chosen place during the study period and who fulfilled the study criteria was (50). These (50) teachers were divided into two groups (25) teachers as a group of cases who are exposed to the educational program and (25) teachers who were not exposed to the educational program as a control group. Results of the study: The results exhibit that educational program is highly effective on teachers’ knowledge about autism spectrum disorder in in the study group evidenced by high significant difference in total score of knowledge with regard to post-test at p-value=0.001 respectively. While in the control group, it shows no significant difference in knowledge score. Conclusion: The researcher concludes that the education program was successful in improving the knowledge of the teachers about autism spectrum disorders. This conclusion is illustrated by the statistical methods that display there is an improvement in the study sample knowledge at post-test compared with the pre-test. Recommendations: Educational lectures and workshops should be conducted regularly, updated, and circulated to all teaching staff in elementary schools. Providing elementary schools with an educational booklet prepared by the researcher. Keywords: Effectiveness, Educational Program, Elementary Schools, Teachers, Knowledge, Autism Spectrum Disorders.
Effect of Volume on Height of Sensory Blockade Keeping Dose Constant with Hyperbaric Bupivacaine in Patients Undergoing Orthopedic Procedure
Authors: Naz Farah , Kumar Suresh , Nasir Khawaja Kamal
Published: July 2022

Objective: To evaluate the effects of different volumes (2ml-3ml) of hyperbaric bupivacaine as spinal anaesthesia in patients undergoing lower limb orthopaedic procedures. Methodology: Randomized control trial was done at the Department of Anesthesiology and intensive care, PIMS, Islamabad. Two intravenous lines with 18G cannulas were maintained, and patients were preloaded with 1L of ringer-lactate solution. Patients were randomly divided into low volume and high-volume groups. The spinal injection was given in a sitting position with complete aseptic technique, using a 26G spinal needle and the L3-4 interspinous space. In the low volume group, 2 ml of hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.75% was administered, and in the high-volume group, 3 ml of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine was injected in 20 seconds. After the spinal injection, the patient was put in a supine posture with a 5-degree head down. The level of block was assessed with a pin prick at 2 minutes, 10 minutes, and 15 minutes. Data was collected via a study proforma. Results: The mean age of patients was 44.5±8.2 years in group I and 47.7 ± 9.6 years in group II. Males were predominant in both groups. The higher block level was compared among the study groups after 15 minutes. In group I (2 ml 0.75% hyperbaric bupivacaine), 1 (2.9%) had a higher block (above T4), while in group II (3 ml 0.50% hyperbaric bupivacaine), 7 (20.0%) patients were found to have a higher block (above T4) out of the total 35 cases in each group. This difference between the two study groups was statistically significant, as the higher block level was associated with a high volume of hyperbaric bupivacaine (p-0.02). Conclusion: Larger volume of hyperbaric bupivacaine is associated with a higher level of blockade in subarachnoid block for orthopaedic surgical procedures. Keywords: Spinal anesthesia, volume of drug, hyperbaric bupivacaine
Determination the Effect of Work Shift on Nurses’ Health working at Teaching Hospitals
Authors: Fadhil Ali Abdul Lateef , Faraj Raad Kareem
Published: July 2022

Objectives: The study aims at assessing the level of work shit effect on nurses’ health and to find out the association between level of effect and demographic variables of nurses. Material and methods: A descriptive analytical study that is conducted for the period of October 1st 2021 to June 1st, 2022. The sample of the study includes 239 nurses were selected by convenient sampling method (non-probability sample). The setting of the study includes the teaching hospitals in Baghdad city. The questionnaire of the study is employed to fit the current study which consists of two parts; the first part is contained the covering letter and the socio-demographic variables; the second part is concerned with items related to effect of work shift on nurses’ health that comprised of 65 items distributed on eight dimensions. The data have been collected through the utilization of the self-administrative report as a mean of data collection. Statistical analyses were conducted by using statistical package for social science (IBM SPSS Statistics) version 26.0. Results: The study found that that 94% of nurses are associated with moderate level of effect regarding work shift (218.38±15.224). Nurses are associated with moderate level of fatigue and sleep disorder (38.84±5.798); moderate level of eating and social health problems (27.93±3.581); moderate level of psychological and social problems (47.43±5.791); moderate level of criteria of distributing work shift for nurses (17.12±2.996); moderate level of factors affecting work shift and controlling stress (26.12±3.691); high level of coping with work shift (19.82±3.019); moderate level of consequences related to work environment and job satisfaction (21.49±4.545); and moderate level of performance and safety from medical risks (19.63±3.446). There is significant correlation between effect of work shift and nursing qualification at p-value= .013 Conclusions: Based on the study finding, the study concludes that nurses are exposed to moderate level of impact related to work shift. Recommendations: The study is recommended that Ministry of Health should initiate incentives for nurses who are working during night and evening shift to encourage them and decrease their problems Keywords: Work Shift, Effect, Nurses
Equality between Incivility among Nurses and Psychological Well-being in Three Main Hospitals in Southeast Iraq
Authors: Karam Safa M. , Mohammed Qahtan Q.
Published: July 2022

Background: It is impossible to emphasize or ignore the widespread problem of incivility behavior in nursing workplaces. To the best of the knowledge of the present studies, no comprehensive research on this subject has been carried out in Iraq. Inconsiderate incivility-behavior in the nursing workplace has never been subjected to exhaustive research, despite its potential impact on the mental health of nurses hailing from various cultural traditions. Methods: In this descriptive research, 250 nurses in three main hospitals in Southeast Iraq were questioned using the nursing incivility scale (NIS) and Ryff's psychological well-being measure (PWB). Results: results indicate that 63.6% of nurses show a moderate, 24% showed a low level, and 12% show a high level of nursing incivility at the workplace (M±SD= 123.01±29.544). Psychological well-being indicates that nurses have low to moderate in which 67.2% of them show moderate level and 32.4% show low level (M±SD= 59.36±11.222). Conclusion: in this study level of nursing incivility at the workplace is the most important factor that can affect the psychological well-being of nurses. This study's conclusions may help build human resource strategies to meet nurses' requirements, reduce workplace incivility, and improve psychological well-being. Keywords: nursing incivility, psychological well-being, nurses, workplace
Anisometropic Amblyopia: Analysis of Treatment Results with Patching of Dominant Eye and Refraction with Active Visual Therapy (AVT) in School Age Children
Authors: Khan Mohammad Aamir , Ahmad Fawad , Bazai Shamsullah , , Shahzad Muhammad Aamir , Arshad Muhammad Sohail , Nazeer Shahid
Published: July 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study is to conduct an analysis of the effectiveness of treating school-aged children by patching the eye that is considered to be dominant and performing refraction using active visual therapy (AVT). Place of study: Jinah international hospital abbottabad Duration of study: October 2021 to April 2022 Methods: There were 65 children with ages 6-16 years had anisometropic amblyopia included in this study. After informed written agreement, participants' demographics were recorded. Posterior and back anterior segments were checked. Recorded best visual therapy. Refractive error of amblyopic eyes was +7 to -5 diopters. Refraction was corrected. Improvement in visual acuity and refraction were assessed every two months. Post-treatment visual acuity of 6/24, 6/36, 6/60 was tested with a regression and correlation T-test. SPSS 21.0 analyzed all data. Results: Among 65 children, 40 (61.5%) were males and 25 (38.5%) were females. Mean age of the patients was 8.7±4.17 years. Hypermetropia was the most common refractive error found in 45 (69.2%) cases followed by myopia in 20 (30.8%) cases. Pre-treatment 24 (36.9%) patients had BCVA 6/24, 12 (18.5%) patients had 6/36, 17 (26.2%) patients had 6/60 and 12 (18.5%) had CF. Post-treatment 18 (27.7%) had BCVA 6/6, 10 (15.4%) had 6/9, 11 (16.9%) cases had 6/12, 12 (18.5%) children had 6/18, 5 (7.7%) had 6/24, 6 (9.2%) had BCVA 6/60 and 3 (4.6%) had CF. Conclusion: In this study, we came to the conclusion that the treatment for anisometropic amblyopia, which involves the patching of the patient's dominant eye and the refraction of the amblyopic eye using active visual therapy, is beneficial. Keywords: Best Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA), Counting Fingers (CF), Visual Acuity (V.A), Refractive Errors, Active Visual Therapy (AVT)
Association of Leptin and Ghrelin Serum Levels with Anosmia and Ageusia in Iraqi COVID-19 Infected Patients
Authors: Shanyoor Sameerah Jasim , Ali Naji Zahraa Mohammed
Published: July 2022

Early indications of COVID-19 infection include anosmia (inability to smell) and ageusia (incapability to taste), which were recorded in up to 85–90% of patients. This investigation was aimed at determining the association of leptin and ghrelin serum levels with anosmia and ageusia in Iraqi COVID-19 infected patients. Three categories of participants were formed in this case-control study: thirty patients infected by COVID-19 at an active state with anosmia and ageusia (group 1), thirty patients infected by COVID-19 without anosmia and ageusia (group 2), and thirty healthy subjects as controls (group 3). The mean serum levels of leptin was significantly higher in group 1, as compared to group 2 and group 3where p-value was (p<0.0001), while the mean serum levels of ghrelin was significantly lower in group 1, as compared to group 2 and group 3wherep-value was (p<0.0001). Blood was obtained from the three groups and the amounts of total leptin and ghrelin in the blood were evaluated. The results showed that the average serum level of leptin was significantly (p < 0.0001) higher in groups 1 and 2 compared to group 3, while the mean serum level of ghrelin was significantly (p < 0.0001) reduced in groups 1 and 2, compared to group 3. It was observed that the occurrence of these changes at the start of the disease is significantly higher, and it is therefore recommended that assessments of smell and taste dysfunction be used as indicators of infection with COVID-19. Keywords: Leptin and Ghrelin, serum level, Anosmia and Ageusia, COVID-19
Investigation of the Relationship between University Students' Health Belief Model Levels Regarding Sports Recreational Activities and Leisure Attitudes
Authors: Yağar Gül , Çeviker Abdulkerim , Ünlü Çisem
Published: July 2022

Concerns of today's health-related individuals have increased, especially in the last three years. With the changes in the field of education, it is aimed to examine the relationship between university students' health beliefs and attitudes. The population of the research consisted of students between the ages of 18-25 studying at the Faculty of Sport Sciences of Hitit University, and the sample was 461 students. Ertüzün et al. (2013) "Health Belief Model Scale Regarding Sportive Recreation Activities" and "Leisure Time Attitude Scale" which was validated and reliable by Akgül and Gürbüz (2011). In the research findings, the most effective factor on leisure attitudes, which is defined as the U1 canonical variable, was determined as affective sub-dimension, and the most effective factor in the V1 canonical variable, which was defined as the health belief variable, was determined as perceived seriousness and psychosocial sub-dimension. When the canonical correlation values are examined, the correlation value of U1 variable set and V1 variable set was .71, and the correlation value for U2 variable set and V2 variable set was .34, and it was concluded that the relationship was statistically significant. As a result, it has been determined that university students' leisure attitudes affect their beliefs about their health. Keywords: Recreation, Health belief, Attitude, Leisure
Prevalence of Anxiety and Burnout in Paramedics and Security Workers during COVID-19
Authors: Abdullah Muhammad , Akhtar Nasreen , Ameer Iqra , Altaf Ahmad , Liaqat Faiza
Published: July 2022

Corona Virus disease has been proved a global health risk and put an extraordinary effect on paramedics and security workers around the world. Our aim is to explore the prevalence of burnout and anxiety among paramedics and security workers during COVID-19 era through quantitative research method. The level of burnout, and anxiety were measured by Oldenburg burnout inventory and Zung self-rating anxiety scale, respectively .We found that 21% of sample was affected by anxiety, 48% faced high level burnout whereas 40 % faced medium level burnout. There was also positive relationship between anxiety and burnout as p value was less than 0.05. This epidemic can cause anxiety and stress in healthcare workers, which can in turn give rise to multiple mental health issues like burnout, anxiety and depression. Precautionary measures as well as early diagnosis and coping strategies can play vital role during this pandemic time frame. Keywords: Burnout, Anxiety, COVID-19.
Depression in the Primary Caregivers of Patients with Substance use Disorder
Authors: Ali Farasat , Baig Wasif , Saad Muhammad , Tabassum Saima , Aslam Muhammad Sohail , Zahra Farheen , Choudhary Adeel Khalid
Published: July 2022

Background: Caregiving to substance-use disorder patients had a significant impact on mental and physical health which needs some modalities to be developed to support the caregiver’s self-care. Objectives: To determine the frequency of depression among caregivers of patients with Substance use disorder Setting: Department of psychiatry, Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore Material and Methods: Total 100 caregivers of either gender of age 20 to 50 years old, of patients with substance use disorder. All those with significant physical, surgical, or psychiatric illness and/or mental retardation, dependence of more than one drug simultaneously, intravenous drug users, history of any past psychiatric illness in caregivers, care givers with medical problems (Diabetes, Hypertension, Asthma and COPD) that may mask depressive symptoms were excluded. For Substance use disorder DSM5 criterion was applied to the patient. Conclusion: We concluded that frequency of depression is higher among caregivers of patients with Substance use disorder which needs early intervention to reduce their mental health.
Epilepsy in Children with Cerebral Palsy at Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi
Authors: Hussain Mehtab , Abro Nimrazahid Falak , Noor Nadeem , Noreen Asma , Phull Ghulam Muhammad , Rafique Bushra
Published: July 2022

Objective:To document the frequency of Epilepsy among children with Cerebral Palsy at Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi. Duration: From 7th April 2018To6th October 2018 Methodology: Total 94patients who had developed mental delay and clinical examination showed the sign of upper motor neuron lesion like decrease/increase tone, loss of muscle mass, brisk reflexes, up going planter were included. Those who had history of two or more fits 24 hour apart without other cause were labeled as epilepsy. Results: There were 62.8 percent male and 37.2 percent female patients. Mean age was 4.99±2.77 years. Most common type was quadriplegia (54.3%). Mostly mother’s education was middle (31.9%) while mostly father’s education was primary (31.9%). Total 55.3% study subjects were found with epilepsy. Significant association of epilepsy was observed withresidence and family income. Conclusion: The study results showed high frequency (55.3%) of Epilepsy in cases with Cerebral Palsy. Keywords:Frequency, Epilepsy, Children, Cerebral Palsy
Comparison of Isosorbide Mononitrate (IMN) Plus Misoprostol Versus Misoprostol Alone in Post-Term Pregnancies
Authors: Nazir Sana , Ishfaq Sadaf , Tahir Rabia , Tariq Shabnam , Munir Sara
Published: July 2022

Objective: compare mean induction to delivery interval in patients induced with isosorbide mononitrate (IMN) plus misoprostol versus misoprostol alone in post-term pregnancies. Methodology: To conduct this Randomized Controlled Trial at Social Security Hospita, MNCH, Lahore, we enrolled 150 patients (75 patients in each group) and randomly separated them into two groups of similar size. Group A had IMN (40mg) injected into the posterior fornix of the vagina, followed by misoprostol (50ug), while Group B received misoprostol (50ug) alone was induced. After the initial dose, second doses were only administered if labour was not started or regular uterine contractions had not been started within six hours of the first dose. A maximum of four doses were administered at six-hour intervals until the patient entered the active phase and gave birth. A pre-designed proforma was added to record the average time from induction to delivery. Patients' age, parity, and number of doses of misoprostole were stratified to adjust for possible effect moderators. Results: In our study, 62.67% of the cases (n=47) in A Group and 56% (n=42) in B Group were in range of 18 and 25, while 37.33 percent (n=28) in A Group and 44 percent (n=33) in B Group were in range of 26 and 35, with mean+sd calculated as 24.4+5.06 and 25.25+5.53 years, respectively. Mean time of induction to delivery was 19.28+1.75 in A Group and 23.75+2.47 mins in B Group. Conclusion: Patients induced with isosorbide mononitrate (IMN) and misoprostol had a considerably shorter induction-to-delivery time than those treated with misoprostol alone. Keywords: Post-term pregnancies, mean induction to delivery interval, isosorbide mononitrate (IMN) plus misoprostol, misoprostol alone
ELDERLY PEOPLE LIVING IN OLD AGE HOMES IN MADURAI DISTRICT
Authors: Pandeeswari Mrs. S.
Published: July 2022

Ageing has been defined as the total constellation of social, biological and psychological changes that occur in the last stage of life. Ageing of the population is one of the most important demographic factors that have emerged in the 21st Century. Old age is the closing period of the life span. It is a period when people ‘move away’ from previous more desirable periods or times of ‘usefulness’. Old age homes are a boon to those who do not enjoy the support of their children or have nobody to take care of them. At least old age homes provide them shelter, food and company. But definitely, nothing can compensate for living with affectionate children and grandchildren. The objectives of the present study are as follows: i) to understand the socio-economic conditions of inmates of old age homes in the study area, ii) to find out the living conditions of inmates of the old age homes in the study area and iii) to understand the reasons behind the joining of the respondents in old age homes in the study area. This study is based on primary data. The data were collected from Madurai District. There are 30 registered old age homes in Madurai district. From each home, 10 respondents have been selected by adopting a systematic sampling technique. The researcher has selected 300 respondents for this study. Average, Simple Percentage, Weighted Arithmetic Mean and factor analysis are used to analyze the collected data.
A STUDY ON AGRICULTURE AND FOODGRAIN MANAGEMENT IN INDIA
Authors: Raghu Dr.T.
Published: July 2022

Indian agriculture despite the COVID-19 outbreak displayed the country's resiliency and perform well. The agricultural and allied sector employs about 54.6 percent of the country's total workforce and accounts for nearly 17.8 percent of GDP in 2019-20. The new financing policies, market reforms, and food processing policies as part of the Atma Nirbhar Bharat gave new life into the sector. However, Indian agriculture has faced various challenges, mitigation of which requires a holistic policy approach. The crop productivity is much lower than in other advanced and emerging market economies due to fragmented landholdings, lower form mechanisation and lower public and private investment in agriculture. This article articulates the issues in agriculture and food grains management in India.
Way of Life as advocated by Jainism and its Relevance Today (or Jaina way of Life vis-à-vis Life’s demands)
Authors: Chandrasekar Dr V.
Published: July 2022

Modern man lives in a soul-less civilization of materialism and consumerism. This materialistic turn has also gradually resulted in man losing faith in ‘religion as the harbinger of individual and social harmony’. Now, a question arises to me and that relates to whether man lives for bread alone or if there is something more to him. My enquiry into this question helped me to understand that we lack not the proper philosophy of life, but the lack of practice of the norms laid down by philosophy. Here, it is important to realize the Jaina emphasis on upayoga (utility) than upabhoga (consumption). We are also reminded of the practices suggested by Jainism, including ahimsa (or non-injury to other lives), which reawakens the people to the innate dignity of all life. The above-mentioned principle is the basis of equality and a pre-requisite of global harmony. The method that enables us to tread from mere search to realization is commonly called ‘YOGA’. The Jainas understood ‘yoga’ in terms of ‘cāritra’ or right conduct which is one of the important teachings of Jainism, namely ‘triratnas’ (three jewels involving right vision, right knowledge and right conduct).
GEOGRAPHIC INTELLIGENCE
Authors: SÜRÜCÜ Beytullah
Published: July 2022

Devletlerin konumu ve coğrafyası karar alıcıların stratejik düşünmeleri konusunda belirli ipuçları vermektedir. Coğrafya ve konuma bağlı olarak üretilen politikalar o bölgede bulunan ülkeler hakkında öngörüler elde etmeyi sağlamaktadır. Bir ülkenin coğrafyası o ülkenin ekonomik, askeri ve politik olarak kendine has önlemler almasına neden olmaktadır. Bir devletin rakip olarak tanımlayabileceği başka bir devlet hakkında bilgi elde etmesi o devlete bazı konularda olası avantajlar sağlayabilmektedir. Elde edilen bilgilerin coğrafi konularda olması istihbarat bakımından daha elzem bir hal almaktadır. Yalnızca rakip olarak tanımlanan devletlerin coğrafyası değil aynı zamanda yakın bölgede bulunan komşu devletlerin de coğrafyasına hakim olmak istihbarat bakımından önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmada Coğrafi istihbarat kavramı konusunda bilgi verilecektir. Coğrafya ve coğrafyaya bağlı istihbarat kavramının tanımlamasını tümüyle kapsayan bir tartışmayı bu kısa yazı çerçevesinde yapmak mümkün olmadığından bu çalışma görece coğrafi istihbarata bir giriş ve genel değerlendirme mahiyetinde bir eser olacaktır. İki bölüm halinde olacak çalışmamızda öncelikle coğrafi istihbaratın tanımı ele alınacaktır. Sonraki bölümde ise coğrafi istihbaratın kapsamı ve devletler açısından ne anlam ifade ettiği vurgulanacaktır.
The Name “Bulgarians” in the Early Medieval Armenian Texts
Authors:   Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Goliyski Petar
Published: July 2022

The standard form Bulghar, with which Bulgarians and the Land of the Bulgarians (Bulgaria) are recorded in medieval Armenian texts, has been established as traditional only since the 11th century. Until then, there were several attested variations, while the oldest form in the earliest Armenian texts was Bulkar, with “k” instead of “gh” (Movses Khorenatsi’s “History of the Armenians”, circa 482 AD), with parallel variants Bolkar and Blkar in the expanded version of the geography Ashkharats’uits’ of Anania Shirakatsi, who lived in the 7th century AD. This characteristic of the earliest Armenian records of the name “Bulgarians” puts an end to the speculation that the form Bulghar in some copies of the history of Movses Khorenatsi proves that his “Bulgarian passages” are a late interpolation making their reliability disputable. On the other hand, the parallel forms Bulkar, Bolkar and Blkar in Ashkharats’uits’ are a valuable indication that different Proto-Bulgarian groups have pronounced the name “Bulgarians” differently. The last leads to the hypothesis of the existence of dialectal differences among the Proto-Bulgarian tribes in the 7th century and even earlier.
Reflections on Some Instances of Translanguaging in Written Bulgarian Discourse
Authors:   Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Kolarova Maria
Published: July 2022

The use of translanguaging strategies in written Bulgarian discourse is continually expanding and this expansion ultimately affects the Bulgarian language system in one way or another. The present paper focuses on 42 instances of translanguaging taken from Bulgarian-language lifestyle magazines and online advertisements. On the one hand, the aim is to illustrate the interrelatedness between translanguaging and linguistic creativity and, on the other hand, to identify what economy effects could be achieved by applying translanguaging strategies in written Bulgarian discourse. The collected samples have been classified and described in such a way as to see how the phenomenon of translanguaging has currently affected the Bulgarian language system.
Culture Specific Information in “Eugene Oneginˮ by A.S. Pushkin: Rendering Strategies in Portuguese Translations
Authors:   Moscow City University, Danilova Vasilisa , Tivyaeva Irina
Published: July 2022

The paper focuses on identifying and methodizing key strategies and ways of rendering culture specific information in Portuguese translations of Eugene Onegin by Alexander Pushkin and aims at assessing their adequacy. Culture differences between Russia, Portugal, and Brazil provide grounds for cross-cultural barriers, the negative effect of which could be minimized if translation bridges the gap between the source and target cultural worlds. This research relies on culture specific lexical items known as ‘realia’ to examine how culture code is transferred in Russian-to-Portuguese translation of fiction. The study resulted in a new translation model providing an algorithm for rendering culture specific words. The model uses a complex of criteria that allow assessing equivalence and adequacy of items in the target language to those in the source language. Applying the model in the course of Russian-to-Portuguese translation will advance theoretically motivated decisions and contribute to the methodology of pre-translation fiction text analysis.
Picture of the Most Important Issues of General Psycholinguistics
Authors:   Konstantin Preslavsky University of Shumen, Popova Velka
Published: July 2022

Yuliana Stoyanova’s book provides a complete overview of the most important issues in general psycholinguistics, especially in the field of developmental psycholinguistics. The Bulgarian contributions in this relatively young interdisciplinary field are clearly highlighted. An emphasis is placed on the acquisition of the Bulgarian language, which not only fills a gap in the psycholinguistic research worldwide, but also provides an opportunity to verify existing models by attracting plentiful data from another language.
Integrative Teaching in Science, Matematics and IT in 1st grade
Authors:   Alexander Georgiev-Kodzhakafaliyata Primary School, Hristova Daniela , Srebreva Tanya , Georgieva Veselina
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this article is to present how the interdisciplinary links in the subjects (Science, Mathematics and Information Technology) in 1st grade contribute to the formation and development of some key competencies in students in primary education. The presented lesson combines the work of different pedagogical specialists who simultaneously apply a variety of methodological tools in the classroom. Integrated learning as an innovative practice has an exceptional role in the pedagogical process in primary school. It has a positive impact on improving the quality of education of young students.
Discount or Why We Study Math
Authors:   Alexander Georgiev-Kodzhakafaliyata Primary School, Georgieva Veselina
Published: July 2022

This article presents a lesson in mathematics class with the students from I “aˮ class of the primary school “Alexander Georgiev-Kodzhakafaliyata” – Burgas, in the 2017/2018 academic year. For the formation of key students’ competencies the team focuses on several basic pedagogical methods and approaches such as the project method, experiential learning and mainly on the integrative approach and the use of many interdisciplinary links in teaching, which gives children a fuller and clearer vision of the world around them and opportunity to build on the curriculum, so that theoretical knowledge is built on the basis of real life situations.