bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Storage of drugs in anaesthetic rooms (ARCHIVED)
Authors: Marks Richard
Published: May 2019

Secure drug storage makes an important contribution to patient safety, and the safety of the public, but patient safety must always be the priority.

This document offers guidance on secure drug storage, including patient safety, emergency drugs, and access control systems.
Safe transfer of patients with brain injury (ARCHIVED)
Authors:   Association of Anaesthetists, Farling PA , Andrews PJD , Cruickshank S , Johnston I , Matta B , Menon DK , Moss E , Parris MP , Smith M , Whitaker DK
Published: May 2019

Patients with neurotrauma or other acute brain injury often receive initial treatment at a hospital which may not have a neurosciences unit. As a result, many patients with serious brain injuries have to be transferred urgently between hospitals by ambulance or air. Transfer of patients with brain injury is potentially hazardous if poorly executed. Patients can come to harm as a result and ultimate neurological outcome may be adversely affected.
These guidelines recommend principles of safe transfer that apply in particular to those with acute brain injury. They are provided for those responsible for planning, managing and undertaking transfer of brain injured patients. They include information on: Organising and communicating transfers; Staffing requirements and standards; Preparing for a transfer; Equipment and drugs; Training; Resourcing issues.
Environmental, social and governance investment standardization: moving towards sustainable economy
Authors: Plastun Alex , Makarenko Inna , Yelnikova Yulia , Makarenko Serhiy
Published: May 2019

This paper is devoted to the investigation of environmental, social and governance investment (investment with ESG criterion) normative base in the context of standardization process in sustainable economy financing. Complexity of such standardization and the lack of commonly accepted regulations, indexes metrics are under discussions of scholars, which encourage the need for clear guidance in ESG investment. 651 sustainability rating products and more than 300 investment policy instruments in different countries show the need for classifying the ESG standards. The solution of this scientific and practical task is based on the developed ESG investment standards system classifications. Proposed classification incorporates such criteria as level of standards adoption, mandatory degree, sectorial specificity, degree of companies’ awareness of responsible activity, ensuring transparency and the benchmarks formation, creating the institutional support of the ESG investment standardization process in sustainable economy and making more grounded investment and regulatory decisions.
The influence of external conditions on runoff quality control of grass swale in Beijing and Shenzhen, China
Authors: Gong Yongwei , Yin Dingkun , Liu Chao , Li Junqi , Shi Honghong , Fang Xing
Published: May 2019

This study focused on the effects of external conditions on the performance of grass swales installed to improve stormwater runoff quality. Four grass swales in Beijing and Shenzhen with different underlying surface characteristics, antecedent dry weather period (ADWP), transport within the grass swales, and rainfall characteristics, were compared during 16 rainfall events in Beijing and six in Shenzhen, and were evaluated over two years. The results revealed that the impervious fraction of the catchment's surface below the swales influenced inlet pollutant concentrations, resulting in variations in their efficiency. ADWP, transport within the swales, and rainfall characteristics all had important effects on their efficiency in removing pollutants. With high pollution loads, long ADWP, and concentrated influent, the swales reduced pollutant concentrations significantly, particularly suspended solids.
Novel automated microbiological analysis in meeting Philippine drinking water standards
Authors: Bagsik Christine T. , Reyes G. C. P. , Sulibit K. E.
Published: May 2019

The Philippines water industry is highly regulated, with monthly water quality reports required. For microbiological failures, retesting is required immediately to ensure continuous supply of potable water. Report data are generated using classical standard analytical methods, with incubation periods of 18 to 24 hours for the presumptive phase and up to an additional 48 hours for confirmation of contamination. The methods used must be accepted by the Philippine regulating bodies. Recently, instrumented microbiological techniques have been approved by the Philippine Department of Health. However, they are not yet being used. This paper presents the challenges and triumphs encountered in registering a new analytical method in the Philippines, and difficulties in changing methods. The capabilities and opportunities presented by the new system – e.g., rapid failure detection, cost effectiveness, and applications to complement relief efforts in providing emergency water supplies – are also illustrated.
Correction: Targeting Leptin as a Therapeutic Strategy against Ovarian Cancer Peritoneal Metastasis
Authors: Wei Xiao , Liu Yi , Gong Cheng , Ji Teng , Zhou Xiaoshui , Zhang Taoran , Wan Dongyi , Xu Sen , Jin Ping , Yang Xin , Li Xiaoting , Ma Ding , Yang Zongyuan , Gao Qinglei
Published: May 2019

The authors would like to correct Fig. 1, Fig. 3 and Fig. 5G, as errors were introduced in the preparation of these figures for
publication. The authors declare that these corrections do not change the results or conclusions of this paper. We sincerely
apologize for having this error in the article, and apologize for any inconvenience caused. The authors have provided corrected
version of Fig. 1, Fig. 3 and Fig. 5G here.
Evaluation of Knowledge, Attitudes and Oral Health-related Nutritional Performance of Diabetic Patients Referred to the Diabetes Research Center in Isfahan-Iran, 2016
Authors: Khozeimeh Faezeh , Tahani Bahareh , Saberi Zahra , Gholi Atiyeh
Published: May 2019

Background:

Type II diabetes is a chronic disease, with an ever-increasing incidence, concomitant with an increase in the number of the elderly. It is one of the conditions that can affect the orodental health. In general, the diabetes-related oral problems include dental caries, xerostomia, oral candidiasis, periodontal diseases and consumption of inappropriate foodstuff.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to evaluate knowledge, attitudes and oral health-related nutritional performance of diabetic patients referred to the diabetes center research in Isfahan-Iran, 2016.

Methods:

In the present cross-sectional study, 362 diabetic subjects (142 females and 220 males) referred to the Research Center for Endocrine Glands and Metabolism in Isfahan, were evaluated after being selected by simple random sampling technique. The frequency distribution of demographic data (gender, marital status, occupation, affliction with orodental diseases, disease history, and use of medications and supplements) were evaluated. The relationships of the variables above and the knowledge, attitude and performance scores of the subjects were evaluated. Data were analyzed with independent t-test, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and Spearmen’s correlation coefficient.

Results:

There were no significant relationships between orodental diseases and the mean scores of knowledge, attitudes and performance of the subjects. The mean scores of knowledge, attitudes and performance of the subjects were 33.8 ± 11.2, 53.311.01 and 53.7 ± 6.9 out of 100, respectively.

Conclusion:

The oral-health related nutritional knowledge of diabetic subjects was poor. Programs should be prepared to improve the knowledge and oral health-related nutritional performance of diabetic patients.
Assessment of Vitamin D Status Among Cases with Pityriasis Alba
Authors: Kattoof Wisam Majeed , Kawen Ahmed Abdulhussein
Published: May 2019

Background:

Pityriasis alba, is a common benign skin disease occurring predominantly among children, often on their face. Clinically, the spots of pityriasis alba are off-white in color, round with poorly defined margins that bear scanty fine scales on it. No specific cause of pityriasis alba has been identified . In this disease, the number of melanocytes declines and melanosomes reduce within melanocytes. Vitamin D exerts its effect via the vitamin D receptor on melanocytes, if intracellular Ca2+ level decreases, this leads to high levels of reduced thioredoxin this, in turn, inhibit tyrosinase activity with the inhibition of melanin synthesis. In addition, the apoptotic activity of melanocytes reduces by the active form of vitamin D.

Aim:

The study aimed to assess the status of vitamin D for patients with pityriasis alba.

Materials and Methods:

44 patient diagnosed with pityriasis alba were enrolled and the second group of 44 controls was involved in our study. Serum levels of circulating 25 (OH) D were measured.

Results:

None of the cases had sufficient serum level; the level ranged between 8.1-27.3 ng/ml. The patients had lower circulating vitamin D levels than controls.

Conclusion:

Our findings in the present study are significant, but further studies with large samples are needed to correlate the extent and severity of pityriasis alba with vitamin D deficiency.
Impact of Self-monitoring of Blood Glucose on Glycaemic Control in Type 2 Diabetic Nigerians who Reside in Lagos
Authors: Adeleye Olufunmilayo , Ogbera Anthonia , Ugwu Ejiofor , Brodie-Mends Ayodeji
Published: May 2019

Background:

Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose (SMBG) is a vital constituent of diabetes care. The aim of this study was to document the practice, determinants and effects of SMBG in our setting.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was carried out on 249 adult type 2 diabetic subjects who attended the diabetes clinic of the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital Ikeja. The statistical analysis was done with independent t-test and logistic regression. A P-value of less than 0.05 was taken as significant.

Results:

The age of the study subjects ranged from 28 years to 87 years. The mean + S.D age is 62 + 11 years. The mean + S.D BMI of the study subjects is 27.79 + 4.73 Kgm2. 159 (64%) of the patients practised SMBG while 90 (36%) patients did not. Twenty-two (14%) of the patients have been practising SMBG for less than 12 months, 71 (46%) patients for 12 - 36 months, while 60 (39%) of them for more than 36 months. 36 (23%) of the patients did SMBG daily, 58 (37%) patients twice weekly, 48 (30%) patients weekly, 11 (7%) patients monthly, 5 (3%) patients did it for unspecified time period while 1 (1%) patient was unable to report the time period. SMBG practice was associated with better short term glycemic control P= < 0.001, OR= 0.399 and 95% CI 0.229-0.693. Predictors of SMBG were male sex, higher socioeconomic status and insulin therapy. More male patients (72.7%) practice SMBG compared to female patients (59.9%) p-value 0.051. The detection of chronic complications of DM was comparable between those who practice SMBG and those who do not.

Conclusion:

SMBG practice is significantly associated with better short term glycaemic control.
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF BUILDING BLACK-BOX VULNERABILITY SCANNER OF WEB RESOURCE
Authors: Prazyan K. A.
Published: May 2019

The article discusses the main provisions for constructing a vulnerability scanner for a web resource based on the «black box» technique. The definitions of the Mealy automaton are introduced, applicable to the web application. An example of the use of the Mealy automaton for constructing transition graphs on the links of a web resource is given. An algorithm for constructing a graph based on sent requests and received answers is proposed. Describe the alleged problems that arise in the scanner. There are proposed ways of solving the problems obtained with the use of additional mechanisms and work algorithms. When the algorithm is running and transitions are added, the new vertex is colored with one of the colors, if a repeated state is detected. As a result, we have a colored graph, which may collapse in the same colors. The user in the browser moving inside the web application performs sequential actions, the scanning technique is as close as possible to the real actions of the average user and provides a top-down view of the content, as well as the probability of clicking on the link. Thus determined group of sequential requests that change the state of the scanner.
APPLICATION OF NETWORK LOAD ANALYSIS SYSTEM FOR DETECTING START OF DDOS ATTACK
Authors: Zharova O. Yu.
Published: May 2019

Different web resources including state and geoinformational systems can be exposed to denial of service (DDoS) attacks. The goal of this investigation is determining the efficiency of developed system for network load analysis. Problem of DDoS-attacks is considered together with existing methods and measures for counteraction of such kinds of attacks. An approach to determining attack beginning is examined in details. Developed system, its architecture and functionality of each module are described. Testing results are given for both normal traffic conditions and abruptly increasing load, which models avalanche DDoS-attack. The system builds graphs to visualize monitoring process which definitely show attack beginning. A conclusion is made that the system can be used for DDoS-attack detection.
METHOD FOR CONSTRUCTING MULTIFUNCTIONAL L BAND ACTIVE PHASED ARRAY ANTENNAS FOR RADAR SYSTEMS
Authors: Mazin A. V. , Samburov N. V.
Published: May 2019

The article poses the urgent task of increasing the efficiency of functioning of active phased antenna arrays (APAA) radar stations. Particular attention is paid to the development of modern multifunctional phased L-band arrays. Contradictions in the main criteria for ship antennas are revealed, and ways to eliminate them are proposed. Based on the study of radar and classification systems for ship-based targets and on the analysis of the results, a new method for constructing L-band multifunctional APAA for these systems has been proposed. It is proposed to use a dipole-type emitter in antenna arrays, which operates in the decimeter range and the lower part of the centimeter range. It has high mechanical and electrical strength. The article presents a scheme for constructing an APAA classification system, simulation results and an example of the practical implementation of the proposed method.
EXPERIENCE IN DEVELOPING MINIMIZED IMAGES FOR EMBEDDED LINUX SYSTEMS
Authors: Vostokov N. G. , Gorbunov A. S. , Gordienko A. G. , Sorokopudov A. A.
Published: May 2019

The article describes a typical composition of embedded software components based on Linux OS, as well as the sequence of components startup. A formal description of the minimization problem based on set theory is given. A technique for designing software and assembling components with an emphasis on reducing the size of the executable code is proposed, including an enlarged algorithm of the methodology. Recommendations are given on the choice of boot loader, kernel, language support library C, the composition of system utilities for embedded systems. Variants and peculiarities of file systems for data storage and launch of programs running Linux OS are considered. A real example of developing a minimized executable image using the described technique is given. In conclusion, the analysis of the received result and additional advantages is carried out.
DEVELOPMENT AND CREATION OF NAVIGATION AND ORIENTATION COMPLEX FOR MOBILE LAND-BASED OBJECTS
Authors: Mikhaylov S. V. , Palgin N. I. , Nikitin V. V. , Filyshkin I. P.
Published: May 2019

The paper describes the creation variant of navigation complex for mobile land‑based objects. Its structural composition is presented in the form of a software and hardware system. Operating modes of a complex are described and errors of determination of navigation parameters of his basic elements are given. The system advantages at her realization are examined. The algorithms used as a part of a navigation complex are checked on the real data obtained during tests on the measured site. Ways of increase in precision characteristics of a navigation complex are offered. Transition to use of original navigation and orientation complex will allow to adapt the navigation system or if necessary to carry out her completion under concrete option of a control system of military hardware without involvement of third‑party suppliers.
USER IDENTIFICATION METHOD BY MEANS OF BIOMETRIC IMAGE OF KEYSTROKE DYNAMICS WITH DOUBLE-CHAINED REPRESENTATION
Authors: Pashchenko D. V. , Balzannikova E. A. , Sergina I. G.
Published: May 2019

To date, more and more relevant is the task of establishing the authorship of an electronic document or typed on the keyboard text. Among the many options for solving this problem, a method based on biometric data obtained as a result of the analysis of the keystroke dynamics is highlighted. In particular, the paper considers the main parameters obtained on the basis of time stamps of keystrokes, as well as the method from the formalized doubly-chained representation. A method for identifying biometric images based on a statistical algorithm that forms a certain type of trust area within which the parameters of the identified object will be located has been described and implemented. In addition, the paper describes methods for preliminary processing of data (emission filtering, normalization and clustering), as well as their effectiveness based on the evaluation of the accuracy of crossvalidation for different values of the access threshold. Thus, in the course of practical research, a simple probabilistic algorithm was implemented to identify samples of the keyboard handwriting with a pass phrase, an estimation of the identification accuracy was made, the necessity of preliminary processing of input data for improving the quality of identification was justified. Based on the results obtained, it is further assumed that a complete biometric image of the keyboard handwriting will be formed, with further identification by arbitrary text.
NAVAL AVIATION ON-BOARD AVIONICS COMPLEX: FROM FIFTH TO SIXTH GENERATION
Authors: Antсev I. G. , Bundin G. G. , Ischuk V. I. , Mochalov S. A.
Published: May 2019

It is proposed the appearance and the main architectural concepts of distributed hardware and information‑calculating medium construction for sixth generation aviation complexes. An essence of characteristics and principles of sixth generation on‑board avionics complexes construction is revealed. There are shown the main principles of sixth generation on‑board avionics complexes, such as: centralized architecture of integrated information and control medium; high‑intelligence cockpit designed based of interactive technique and expert systems; unified core part of on‑board avionics complexes’ units; jam‑resistant communication system with use of Internet technologies. There are defined the main principles of sixth generation on‑board avionics complexes designing: integration of on‑board avionics complexes’ elements and flight vehicles, centralized architecture of information‑and‑control computing system, wide use of self-earning expert systems, communication system with use of Internet technologies, decision‑making self-earning expert systems, construction of high‑intelligence cockpit on the basis of interactive technique, maximal unification of on‑board avionics complexes’ elements.
SEARCH OF OPTIMAL COMPROMISE BETWEEN REQUIREMENTS IN SPHERE OF INFORMATION PROCESSING AND RESOURCES REQUIRED FOR THESE TASKS
Authors: Kovalchuk N. Yu.
Published: May 2019

The possibility of using the fundamentals of system analysis when choosing the optimal information processing strategy in the design of complex information systems with the aim of obtaining a complete and objective assessment of information resources, implemented in the interest of analyzing the technical characteristics of integrated information processing tools of complex automated systems, is considered. Information risk analysis was carried out, i.e. the process of integrated assessment of information processing in an automated system with the transition to quantitative or qualitative indicators. In addition, each indicator represents the probable damage, which depends on the information processing in the system. The process of identifying and reducing risks that can affect the information system is understood as the process of risk management. The results of the analysis are used in the selection of information processing facilities and in evaluating the effectiveness of existing and projected subsystems.
ADAPTIVE PROCEDURE OF ASSESSING COMPLEXITY OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITY AT PRODUCTION ENTERPRISE
Authors: Aleshkin N. A. , Aleshkin A. P. , Karpova I. R.
Published: May 2019

The issue of optimization of the process of determining the cost of scientific and technical projects is considered. The field of research and development (R&D) requires large financial and material costs. The most important indicator in the decision to Finance R&D is its cost. The structure of the price for the work performed, the calculation of their cost, is the basis and an integral part of any contract for their implementation. In order to prevent unreasonable costs of the contractor when performing R&D, it is necessary to control their economic feasibility, as they determine the price of the work performed. The directions of adequate improvement of the methodology for assessing the complexity and cost of R&D in the conditions of atypical and low‑volume relevant scientific, technical and production procedures are formulated. Based on the results of the analysis of the approaches used in the methods, an algorithm and procedure for assessing the complexity of R&D were developed, recommendations for estimating the cost of R&D were formed, and an algorithm and procedure for estimating the cost of R&D of any orientation were created.
ACCURACY OF BEARING DETERMINATION IN A THREE-CHANNEL MONOPULSE AMPLITUDE CORRELATION DIRECTION FINDER
Authors: Lapaev N. G. , Ksendzuk A. V. , Gerasimov P. A.
Published: May 2019

In the work, the study of the achievable accuracy of determining the coordinates of the radiating in the radio range of spacecraft using a three‑element amplitude correlation direction finder has been performed. The proposed scheme makes it possible to select single and group low‑power complex signals and simultaneously determine the bearings of several sources, the signals of which can be separated in time‑frequency‑code space. As an example, the radiation pattern of a three‑element antenna system with an orthogonal arrangement of partial diagrams with respect to the equal‑signal direction is considered. The results of statistical modeling of the correlation processing algorithm obtained for a three‑channel monopulse system with a 3.7° pattern width and estimates of the potential accuracy of determining the bearing are presented. Simulation results are given to evaluate the instrumental accuracy of the direction finder. The proposed method of direction finding provides the ability to determine the geodetic coordinates of aerospace objects using the station electronic reconnaissance.
EFFICIENCY OF NEW METHODS FOR ESTIMATING ORBITS OF UNKNOWN NEAREARTH SPACE OBJECTS USING SHORT OPTICAL TRACKS OBTAINED OVER A FEW WEEKS INTERVAL
Authors: Ivanov A. P. , Kolessa A. E. , Lukyanov A. P. , Radchenko V. A.
Published: May 2019

The work on a representative array of data demonstrates the capabilities of a new, essentially non‑linear algorithm for estimating the orbital parameters of near‑Earth space objects on several short optical tracks separated by long time pauses. The analysis of the work of the algorithm was carried out for five space objects moving in different orbits, including circular, high‑elliptical and low‑orbit with deceleration in the atmosphere and without it. When obtaining estimates of the parameters of the orbits, a priori information was not used. In all the experiments performed, including for very short tracks separated by a long pause in the observations, the minimum possible values of the quality criterion were achieved. The algorithm does not require large computing power – the calculation of the orbit on two tracks on a portable personal computer takes a split second.
How mHealth Providers Meet the Emerging Demands of Consumers in China: A Survey from Patient-Users (Preprint)
Authors: Guo Jinlei , Nguyen Thanh , Zhang Tongbin , Chang Fanggao , Chen Jichao , Wang Zhengxing , Cao Luying , Cai Li , Ma Lin , Li Ying , Fu Zhixiang , Pan Chuandi
Published: May 2019

BACKGROUND

Background: The adoption of mobile health information technology (mHealth), consisting primarily of electronic medical record (EMR) in hospitals and mobile health (mHealth) application among consumers outside of healthcare settings, have been booming in China. There have been investigations on the impact of mHealth on improving the quality of healthcare. However, it remains unclear whether emerging mHealth providers, particularly mHealth providers, fill in emerging consumer needs in China.

OBJECTIVE

Objective: This study aims to survey prior knowledge, current usage, and future preference of mHealth applications among two distinct cohorts (online vs hospital visitor) that we surveyed in China.

METHODS

Methods: We categorized main mHealth features into 9 groups. We surveyed two Chinese cohorts: hospitalized patients (n = 299) and the general public outside the hospital using WeChat—a popular social networking APPs (n = 156), on mHealth usage and expectations on these 9 feature groups. The original survey was conducted in Chinese. We performed data analysis of user reponses in the survey using descriptive statistics techniques: t-test and chi-square fitness test.

RESULTS

Results: Although most of the survey participants show prior knowledge on some features of EMR, most of them (66%) have never used mHealth applications. In addition, the participants consider predictive analytic features as the most important ones for the mHealth applications. The responses vary according to different cohort demographics, in particular, age groups.

CONCLUSIONS

Conclusions: Despite tremendous efforts in adopting EMR and developing mHealth applications, it is still too early to conclude that mHealth are readily adopted among patients in China. There are significant gaps among what the implementers offer, what providers expect, and what patients and consumers demands. Current Chinese mHealth applications implement features heavily focused on social networking and communication; however, it has been shown that patients do not consider these features as the top priority in mHealth applications. Instead, our study suggests that analytic features should be the future focus for successful mHealth application development in China.
Safety and Efficacy of Bis-Glyceryl Ascorbate (Amitose DGA) to Prevent Hand-Foot Skin Reaction in Patients With Renal Cell Carcinoma Receiving Sunitinib Therapy: Protocol for a Phase I/II, Uncontrolled, Single-Arm, Open-Label Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Yamamoto Kazuhiro , Ioroi Takeshi , Harada Kenichi , Nishiyama Satoshi , Nishigori Chikako , Yano Ikuko
Published: May 2019

BACKGROUND

Hand-foot skin reaction (HFSR) is a serious side effect induced by multiple-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). HFSR can cause treatment interruption or decreased dosing. HFSR also markedly decreases quality of life and is associated with the therapeutic efficacy of multiple-TKIs. Therefore, the management and prevention of HFSR is an important issue; however, an effective method for its prevention has not been established. Specific ascorbic acid derivatives can reverse multiple-TKI-induced keratinocyte growth and pathological changes in vitro.

OBJECTIVE

This study was designed to evaluate the safety of bis-glyceryl ascorbate (Amitose DGA), a novel, hydrosoluble, and moisturizing ascorbic acid derivative, in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) receiving sunitinib therapy. This study was also designed to evaluate Amitose DGA’s preventive efficacy for sunitinib-induced HFSR.

METHODS

This is a Phase I/II, single-center, uncontrolled, single-arm, open-label trial. We will recruit a total of 30 patients with RCC receiving sunitinib therapy, with a 2-week-on and 1-week-off schedule. The participants will apply Amitose DGA-containing cream over both palmar and plantar surfaces within two treatment cycles (ie, 6 weeks) of sunitinib in combination with a general moisturizing agent, in addition to standard-of-care processes. Safety assessments will include dermatological abnormalities, clinical laboratory tests, and incidence of adverse events. Efficacy assessments will include development of HFSR and therapeutic outcomes associated with sunitinib.

RESULTS

Recruitment to the study began in August 2017 and is ongoing in Japan. To date, 21 subjects have been recruited. Study completion is expected in 2021.

CONCLUSIONS

This is the first clinical study of Amitose DGA-containing cream in patients with RCC who are receiving sunitinib therapy. The single-center, single-arm, open-label design was selected to maximize subject exposure and increase the likelihood of achieving our study endpoints. The results will provide valuable and preliminary evidence of the effects of Amitose DGA-containing cream on HFSR.

CLINICALTRIAL

UMIN Clinical Trials Registry UMIN000027209; https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr /ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000031174

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPOR

DERR1-10.2196/14636
Peritoneal Dialysis–Associated Peritonitis
Authors: Szeto Cheuk-Chun , Li Philip Kam-Tao
Published: May 2019

Peritonitis is a common and severe complication in peritoneal dialysis (PD). Detailed recommendations on the prevention and treatment of PD-associated peritonitis have been published by the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis (ISPD), but there is a substantial variation in clinical practice among dialysis units. Prophylactic antibiotics administered before PD catheter insertion, colonoscopy, or invasive gynecologic procedures, daily topical application of antibiotic cream or ointment to the catheter exit site, and prompt treatment of exit site or catheter infection are key measures to prevent PD-associated peritonitis. When a patient on PD presents with clinical features compatible with PD-associated peritonitis, empirical antibiotic therapy, with coverage of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms (including Pseudomonas species), should be started once the appropriate microbiologic specimens have been obtained. Intraperitoneal is the preferred route of administration. Antifungal prophylaxis, preferably oral nystatin, should be added to prevent secondary fungal peritonitis. Once the PD effluent Gram stain or culture and sensitivity results are available, antibiotic therapy can be adjusted accordingly. A detailed description on the dosage of individual antibiotic can be found in the latest recommendations by the ISPD. The duration of antibiotics is usually 2–3 weeks, depending on the specific organisms identified. Catheter removal and temporary hemodialysis support is recommended for refractory, relapsing, or fungal peritonitis. In some patients, a new PD catheter could be inserted after complete resolution of the peritonitis. PD catheter removal should also be considered for refractory exit site or tunnel infections. After the improvement in clinical practice, there is a worldwide trend of reduction in PD-associated peritonitis rate, supporting the use of PD as a first-line dialysis modality.
ESTIMATION OF AMLODIPINE BESYLATE AND IRBESARTAN IN PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATION BY RP-HPLC WITH FORCED DEGRADATION STUDIES
Authors: Kumar T Hemant , ASHA CH. , SANKAR D. GOWRI
Published: May 2019

Objective: To develop and validate a simple, specific, accurate, precise and sensitive reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method with forced degradation studies for the simultaneous estimation of amlodipine besylate and irbesartan in the pharmaceutical formulation.

Methods: The chromatographic separation of the two drugs were achieved using Enable C 18G column (250 ×4.6 mm; 5 µm) in isocratic mode with mobile phase consisting of sodium acetate buffer (pH 4.0) and acetonitrile (30:70, % v/v) with a flow rate of 0.6 ml/min. Ultraviolet(UV) detection was carried out at 238 nm. The proposed method was validated for linearity, range, accuracy, precision, robustness, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ). The tablet formulation was subjected to stress conditions of degradation including acidic, alkaline, oxidative, thermal and photolysis.

Results: The retention time for amlodipine besylate and irbesartan were found to be 5.512 and 6.321 min respectively. Linearity was observed over a concentration range 4-32 µg/ml for amlodipine besylate (r2 =0.9999) and 10-70 µg/ml for Irbesartan (r2 =0.9998). The % relative standard deviation (RSD) for Intraday and Interday precision was found to be 0.436 and 0.699 for amlodipine besylate and 0.435 and 0.30 for irbesartan. Amlodipine besylate shown stability towards acidic and thermal whereas in basic, oxidative and photolytic it shown less stability in which it degraded to more extent. Irbesartan shown stability towards thermal conditions whereas in remaining conditions it degrades to more extent especially in oxidative conditions.

Conclusion: The developed reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method was also found to be simple, precise and sensitive for the simultaneous determination of amlodipine besylate and irbesartan in the tablet dosage form.
DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF GUANFACINE EXTENDED RELEASE FORMULATION
Authors: DESAI SANJEEVANI , BHAGWAT DURGACHARAN , SHINDE SUNITA , DISOUZA JOHN
Published: May 2019

Objective: The present study was aimed to develop of the Guanfacine Hydrochloride Extended-release tablets for the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The dosage regimen of Guanfacine Hydrochloride is 4 mg at every 6 h. The concentration of Guanfacine in plasma is fluctuating. Hence, to control the plasma fluctuation and to avoid toxicity problem, Guanfacine Hydrochloride was chosen as a drug with an aim to develop an extended release system for 20 to 24 h.

Methods: The design of the system was based on the use of pH-dependent polymer (Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose), pH-independent polymer (Eudragit L 100-55), along with microenvironment modifiers such as organic acid (Fumaric acid) were used in the formulation. Drug-excipient compatibility was studied by FTIR. Before compression, the granules were evaluated for precompression parameters such as bulk density, tapped density, an angle of repose, compressibility index and Hausner’s ratio. After compression, evaluation tests of tablets such as general appearance, hardness, thickness, weight variation, friability, content uniformity, in vitro release studies and stability studies were performed.

Results: Out of 9 formulations, the drug release was found to be within the innovator formulation F9. The stability study of formulation F9 revealed there was no significant change in physical and chemical properties of drug stored at 40 °C/75 % RH, 30 °C/65 % RH, 25 °C/60 % RH for 2 mo.

Conclusion: Optimized formulation batch F9 showed highest F2 value which indicates similarity with innovator product. The study indicates that Guanfacine Hydrochloride Extended-release tablet was successfully developed.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF ALLOPURINOL LOADED CHITOSAN NANOPARTICLES
Authors: Kandav Gurpreet , Bhatt D.c. , Jindal Deepak Kumar
Published: May 2019

Objective: The objective of the present investigation was to fabricate and characterize allopurinol loaded chitosan nanoparticles (A-CNPs) for sustained release of drug.

Methods: The allopurinol loaded chitosan nanoparticles were successfully prepared by employing the ionotropic gelation method. Further, particle size (PS), polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential (ZP), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), entrapment efficiency (EE), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), in vitro drug release, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) were used for evaluating formulated A-CNPs

Results: A-CNPs was successfully prepared and the particle size, polydispersity index, ZP and entrapment efficiency were found to be 375.3±10.1 nm, 0.362±0.01 and 32.5±2.7 mV and 52.56±0.10% respectively. In vitro release profile of A-CNPs showed sustained release and Higuchi model was found to be best fit for drug release kinetics. FTIR study depicted no chemical interaction between pure drug allopurinol (AL) and other excipients.

Conclusion: The sustained release formulation of allopurinol was successfully prepared using HMW chitosan and evaluated for different parameters.
THE THE METHOD OF RANDOM BALANCE FOR STUDYING THE INFLUENCE OF EXCIPIENTSʼ QUANTITIES ON TECHNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF METFORMIN ORODISPERSIBLE TABLETS
Authors: DEMCHUK MARIANA , CHUBKA MARIANA , HROSHOVYI TARAS
Published: May 2019

Objective: The present investigation was undertaken with an objective of analyzing the influence of excipientsʼ amount on the technological parameters of metformin orodispersible tablets using the method of random balance.

Methods: The tablets were prepared by using direct compression method. The formulations were designed according to the method of random balance. The technological parameters of metformin orodispersible tablets have been studied as a function of quantitative factors: crospovidone (Polyplasdone XL-10®), magnesium aluminometasilicate (Neusilin US2®), microcrystalline cellulose (MCC Sanaq® burst), lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate (Tablube® MgSt micronized vegetable) and talc.  

 Results: The flowability results were ranging from excellent to good according to the quantities of Neusilin US2® and Polyplasdone XL-10® crospovidone, which used. Results of bulk density and tapped density of the powder mixtures for pressing depended from the quantities of Neusilin US2® and talc. The obtained tablets had uniform weight from 0.93 to 2.30 %. The increase in the amount of Polyplasdone XL-10® crospovidone and the decrease in the amount of talk improved the uniformity of tablets’ weights. All of the prepared tablets showed acceptable hardness and friability which were improved with decrease in the amount of MCC Sanaq®burst and increase in the amount of Neusilin US2®. The rapid disintegration and wetting time for all formulations of tablets were obtained by using the Polyplasdone XL-10® crospovidone and MCC Sanaq®burst.

 Conclusion: Oral disintegrating tablets of metformin were successfully prepared by direct compression method. The random balance method enabled us to identify the most significant quantitative factors and stabilize them at optimal values.
Análisis de actores de la pesquería de medusa en Guaymas, Sonora
Authors: Cruz-Colín María Esther , Cisneros-Mata Miguel Ángel , Montaño-Moctezuma Gabriela
Published: May 2019

El objetivo de esta investigación fue conocer el rol de los actores involucrados en la pesquería de medusa bola de cañón, en Guaymas, Sonora. Con el método bola de nieve se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas, luego se jerarquizaron mediante la red de poder/interés de cuatro cuadrantes, y se relacionaron con una matriz de vinculación. El resultado arrojó que el Instituto Nacional de Pesca, los compradores, procesadores, comercializadores y las cooperativas pesqueras son los actores clave, con mayor interés e influencia en el manejo de la pesquería. El presente análisis es útil para establecer y mejorar el manejo de la captura de medusa. Se concluye que existe una relación conflictiva y de poca cooperación entre los actores mencionados, lo cual impide que se respeten las estrategias de manejo para explotar la medusa en condiciones de sustentabilidad.
Síntesis de catalizadores bimetálicos Au-Sn/TiO2 y su aplicación en la reacción de oxidación de CO
Authors: Maturano-Rojas Viridiana , Zanella-Specia Rodolfo
Published: May 2019

En este trabajo se presenta el estudio de la síntesis de catalizadores bimetálicos Au-Sn/TiO2 mediante el método de depósito precipitación con urea (DPU), a través de dos procedimientos: el depósito secuencial y el co-depósito. Los materiales fueron preparados usando Na2O3Sn•3H2O y SnCl2 como precursores de estaño y HAuCl4•3H2O como precursor de oro. En el caso de los catalizadores preparados por DPU secuencial se realizaron algunas modificaciones que incluyen el orden en que se depositan los metales y un tratamiento térmico intermedio con aire o H2. Por otra parte, una serie de cuatro catalizadores fue preparada por co-depósito variando la relación molar Au:Sn. Todos los materiales fueron evaluados en la reacción de oxidación de CO y caracterizados por diferentes técnicas espectroscópicas y microscopía electrónica de transmisión (TEM) con la finalidad de estudiar la influencia de la metodología empleada en la síntesis, la selección de los precursores y las condiciones de activación en su comportamiento catalítico.
Aktivitas enzim ligninolitik Pleurotus ostreatus pada media yang mengandung TKKS dan aplikasinya untuk dekolorisasi zat warna (Activity of ligninolytic enzyme of Pleurotus ostreatus on media containing OPEFB and their application for dyes decolorization)
Authors: DIMAWARNITA Firda , PANJI TRI -
Published: May 2019

Ligninolytic enzymes are known as extracellular enzymes produced by the white rot fungi class of basidiomycetes. One of the most well-known fungi of the white rot fungus isPleurotus ostreatus. The aim of this study to calculate the activity of ligninolytic enzymes in the growth media of Pleurotus ostreatusand their application in decolorization of dye colour. The ligninolytic enzyme extract obtained was used to decolorize bluedyes (MethyleneBlue)and red dyes(Congo Red). The highest laccase enzyme activity was in the first month of 0.35 U/mL with E1 media composition; the highest manganese peroxidase (MnP) enzyme activity was in the fourth month at 31.818 U / mL with E4 media composition; and the highest lignin peroxidase (LiP) enzyme activity was in the fifth month at 0.269 U / mL with E1 media composition. The enzyme extract obtained was then applied to decolorize red and blue dyes. Decolorization of dyes was measured using spectrophotometry with a blue wavelength of 470 nm and red 685 nm. The highest reduction in decolorization of blue dye and red dye was 12 hours with concentration of enzyme addition of 0.5%. Based on these results, ligninolytic enzymes potentiallyto be developed as bioactive agents for detergents.[Keywords: decolorization, laccase, mangan peroxidase, lignin peroxidase, spectrofotometry] AbstrakEnzim ligninolitik dikenal sebagai enzim ekstraseluler yang dihasilkan oleh jamur pelapuk putih golongan basidiomycetes. Salah satu jamur dari golongan jamur pelapuk putih yang banyak dikenal adalah Pleurotus ostreatus. Penelitian ini bertujuan menghitung aktivitas enzim ligninolitik pada media pertumbuhan jamur tiram  (Pleurotus ostreatus) dan aplikasinya dalam dekolorisasi zat warna.  Ekstrak enzim ligninolitik yang didapatkan kemudian dimanfaatkan untuk dekolorisasi zat warna biru(Methylene Blue)dan merah (Congo Red). Aktivitas enzim lakase tertinggi ada pada bulan pertama sebesar 0,35 U/mL dengan komposisi media E1; aktivitas enzim mangan peroksidase (MnP) tertinggi ada pada bulan keempat sebesar 31,818 U/mL dengan komposisi media E4; dan aktivitas enzim lignin peroksidase (LiP) tertinggi ada pada bulan kelima sebesar 0,269 U/mL dengan komposisi media E1. Ekstrak enzim yang didapat kemudian diaplikasikan untuk dekolorisasi zat warna merah dan biru. Dekolorisasi zat warna diukur menggunakan spektrofotometri dengan panjang gelombang biru pada 470 nm dan merah pada 685 nm. Penurunan dekolorisasi zat warna birudan zat warna merahtertinggi selama 12jam dengan konsentraasi penambahan enzim sebesar 0,5%.Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, enzim ligninolitik sangat potensial untuk dikembangkan sebagai agen bioaktif untuk deterjen.[Kata kunci: dekolorisasi, lakase, mangan peroksidase, lignin peroksidase,  spektrofotometri]
A Previdência Social no Brasil: história, modelo atual, conquistas e implicações sociais em caso de reforma
Authors: Nunes Vinícius Fonseca
Published: May 2019

Neste artigo, discute-se sobre a viabilidade da reforma previdenciária no Brasil proposta pelo Governo Temer, diante das circunstâncias do poder, da democracia, da realidade dos trabalhadores e das conquistas sociais históricas insculpidas na Constituição Federal pátria. A partir da análise documental e bibliográfica que orientou este trabalho, aborda-se o modelo de Previdência Social brasileiro, mobiliza-se o conceito de aposentadoria por idade no contexto nacional e discorre-se sobre os vieses práticos de aposentadorias em outros países. Desse modo, conclui-se, por meio dos resultados encontrados, que a proposta de reforma previdenciária aprofunda desigualdades sociais e está fundada em um falso conceito de déficit público.
Fintech as a Source of Financial Innovations on the Polish Financial Services Market
Authors: Anielak Karolina
Published: May 2019

The paper presents the definition of innovation, advancement and development of the Fintech sector on the global scale, with particular emphasis put on Poland. Fintechs, i.e. IT companies that provide increasingly more modern solutions for customers active on the financial markets are not fully described in the literature on the subject. The aim of the paper was to present a comprehensive definition of Fintech, show the scale of this type of ventures around the world and in Poland, and analyze the forms and potential of the cooperation of Fintech companies with financial services entities, in particular with the banks. The article uses a critical analysis of the literature of mainly English-language studies from the last 5 years, indicating the state of financial innovations and their importance on the global scale. The author analyzed statistical data from PWC Global Fintech Report, CitiGPS reports, Capgemini reports and KPMG, which enabled her to present the value of global investments in Fintech. The performed cause and effect analysis indicates that investments in the Fintech sector are becoming more and more popular, that this market will be growing due to cooperation, among others, with the banks which want to meet the requirements of their customers using more advanced technologies.
Carta do Editor
Authors: Dowbor Ladislau , Launay Martha
Published: May 2019

Carta
Experiment Replication: A Proposed Solution for Developing Psychological Research in Indonesia
Authors: Shadiqi Muhammad Abdan , Muluk Hamdi , Milla Mirra Noor
Published: May 2019

Is it possible that psychology can be a strong as natural science? Having replication studies could be the answer to this question. Philosophically, a replication is ‘the heart of any science,’ however it receives a little attention from social science. In Indonesia, there are three major problems: (1) only few number of researchers implement replication studies; (2) only few replication studies present strong evidence; and (3) only a small number of replication studies have been published. This might occur because the knowledge on how to conduct a replication study is inaccessible to most psychology researchers in Indonesia. This article explains a definition of a replication study, types of replications, and strategies to conduct replication experiments. I will explain how to conduct a replication study, starting from determining and reviewing reference articles to designing a replication study.