bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emprendimiento Rural, una Aproximación desde el Empoderamiento Femenino
Authors: Castillo Ana María , Ordóñez Daniel Yiwady , Erazo Lorena , Cabrera Jessica
Published: September 2020

En Colombia el emprendimiento rural y el empoderamiento femenino han tomado gran importancia, específicamente como una de las forma de independizarse y de obtener empleos las mujeres, dando muestras de sus capacidades físicas e intelectuales, que las convierten en agentes de progreso y de cambio de las condiciones de desigualdad. El objetivo principal del presente documento es efectuar una revisión de literatura sistemática sobre el empoderamiento femenino en el emprendimiento rural, siguiendo una metodología de búsqueda de referentes bibliográficos contextualizados en temas de empoderamiento femenino, emprendimiento, género, participación y liderazgo femenino. Se Encuentran diversos estudios centrados en analizar el emprendimiento femenino rural e indígena, la política pública con perspectiva de género, el empoderamiento femenino en las organizaciones y el desarrollo rural de las comunidades; las evidencias invitan a reflexionar sobre políticas de género y condiciones de derechos de las mujeres rurales, para disminuir la discriminación de la sociedad y estado.
Situación económica y dominios de calidad de vida: diferencias en habitantes de la ciudad de Guayaquil
Authors: Tello-Sánchez Michelle , Mosquera-Camacás Sandra , Armas-Jamillo Mauricio
Published: September 2020

El objetivo del estudio fue contrastar los dominios de la satisfacción vital de los habitantes de Guayaquil según su nivel de ingresos. Se aplicó un cuestionario en distintos sectores urbanos que incluyó escalas de satisfacción con la vida, y otros dominios como la familia, alimentación y trabajo. Se realizó un análisis de clases latentes y se comparó los grupos mediante los estadísticos Chi-cuadrado y t-Student. El análisis mostró una clase definida por ingresos altos y alta satisfacción económica y otro grupo con ingresos bajos y baja satisfacción económica. La primera clase mostró niveles significativos más altos en la satisfacción vital, alimentaria, laboral y mejor percepción de salud. Además, en el grupo de ingresos altos predominaron aquellos con alto grado de escolaridad y de género masculino. El dominio familia no difirió entre las clases.
Going the Distance
Authors: Harris Ron
Published: September 2020

Before the seventeenth century, trade across Eurasia was mostly conducted in short segments along the Silk Route and Indian Ocean. Business was organized in family firms, merchant networks, and state-owned enterprises, and dominated by Chinese, Indian, and Arabic traders. However, around 1600 the first two joint-stock corporations, the English and Dutch East India Companies, were established. This book tells the story of overland and maritime trade without Europeans, of European Cape Route trade without corporations, and of how new, large-scale, and impersonal organizations arose in Europe to control long-distance trade for more than three centuries. It shows that by 1700, the scene and methods for global trade had dramatically changed: Dutch and English merchants shepherded goods directly from China and India to northwestern Europe. To understand this transformation, the book compares the organizational forms used in four major regions: China, India, the Middle East, and Western Europe. The English and Dutch were the last to leap into Eurasian trade, and they innovated in order to compete. They raised capital from passive investors through impersonal stock markets and their joint-stock corporations deployed more capital, ships, and agents to deliver goods from their origins to consumers. The book explores the history behind a cornerstone of the modern economy, and how this organizational revolution contributed to the formation of global trade and the creation of the business corporation as a key factor in Europe's economic rise.
Beyond the Steppe Frontier
Authors: Urbansky Sören
Published: September 2020

The Sino-Russian border, once the world's longest land border, has received scant attention in histories about the margins of empires. This book rectifies this by exploring the demarcation's remarkable transformation—from a vaguely marked frontier in the seventeenth century to its twentieth-century incarnation as a tightly patrolled barrier girded by watchtowers, barbed wire, and border guards. The book explores the daily life of communities and their entanglements with transnational and global flows of people, commodities, and ideas. It challenges top-down interpretations by stressing the significance of the local population in supporting, and undermining, border making. Because Russian, Chinese, and native worlds are intricately interwoven, national separations largely remained invisible at the border between the two largest Eurasian empires. This overlapping and mingling came to an end only when the border gained geopolitical significance during the twentieth century. The book demonstrates how states succeeded in suppressing traditional borderland cultures by cutting kin, cultural, economic, and religious connections across the state perimeter, through laws, physical force, deportation, reeducation, forced assimilation, and propaganda. It sheds critical new light on a pivotal geographical periphery and expands our understanding of how borders are determined.
Indian Sex Life
Authors: Mitra Durba
Published: September 2020

During the colonial period in India, European scholars, British officials, and elite Indian intellectuals—philologists, administrators, doctors, ethnologists, sociologists, and social critics—deployed ideas about sexuality to understand modern Indian society. This book shows how deviant female sexuality, particularly the concept of the prostitute, became foundational to this knowledge project and became the primary way to think and write about Indian society. The book reveals that deviant female sexuality was critical to debates about social progress and exclusion, caste domination, marriage, widowhood and inheritance, women's performance, the trafficking of girls, abortion and infanticide, industrial and domestic labor, indentured servitude, and ideologies about the dangers of Muslim sexuality. British authorities and Indian intellectuals used the concept of the prostitute to argue for the dramatic reorganization of modern Indian society around Hindu monogamy. The book demonstrates how the intellectual history of modern social thought is based in a dangerous civilizational logic built on the control and erasure of women's sexuality. This logic continues to hold sway in present-day South Asia and the postcolonial world. Reframing the prostitute as a concept, the book overturns long-established notions of how to write the history of modern social thought in colonial India, and opens up new approaches for the global history of sexuality.
Patchwork Leviathan
Authors: McDonnell Erin Metz
Published: September 2020

Corruption and ineffectiveness are often expected of public servants in developing countries. However, some groups within these states are distinctly more effective and public oriented than the rest. Why? This book explains how a few spectacularly effective state organizations manage to thrive amid general institutional weakness and succeed against impressive odds. Drawing on the Hobbesian image of the state as Leviathan, the book argues that many seemingly weak states actually have a wide range of administrative capacities. Such states are in fact patchworks sewn loosely together from scarce resources into the semblance of unity. The book demonstrates that when the human, cognitive, and material resources of bureaucracy are rare, it is critically important how they are distributed. Too often, scarce bureaucratic resources are scattered throughout the state, yielding little effect. The book reveals how a sufficient concentration of resources clustered within particular pockets of a state can be transformative, enabling distinctively effective organizations to emerge from a sea of ineffectiveness. The book offers a comprehensive analysis of successful statecraft in institutionally challenging environments, drawing on cases from contemporary Ghana and Nigeria, mid-twentieth-century Kenya and Brazil, and China in the early twentieth century. The book explains how these highly effective pockets differ from the Western bureaucracies on which so much state and organizational theory is based, providing a fresh answer to why well-funded global capacity-building reforms fail—and how they can do better.
The Rise of Coptic
Authors: Fournet Jean-Luc
Published: September 2020

Coptic emerged as the written form of the Egyptian language in the third century, when Greek was still the official language in Egypt. By the time of the Arab conquest of Egypt in 641, Coptic had almost achieved official status, but only after an unusually prolonged period of stagnation. This book traces this complex history, showing how the rise of Coptic took place amid profound cultural, religious, and political changes in late antiquity. For some three hundred years after its introduction into the written culture of Egypt, Coptic was limited to biblical translation and private and monastic correspondence, while Greek retained its monopoly on administrative, legal, and literary writing. This changed during the sixth century, when Coptic began to penetrate domains that were once closed to it, such as literature, liturgy, regulated transactions between individuals, and communications between the state and its subjects. The book examines the reasons for Coptic's late development as a competing language—which was unlike what happened with other vernacular languages in Near Eastern Greek—speaking societies-and explains why Coptic eventually succeeded in being recognized with Greek as an official language. The book sheds new light on the role of monasticism in the growing use of Coptic before the Arab conquest.
Analisis Jalur Pada Kejadian Kriminalitas di Indonesia Tahun 2018
Authors: Chairani P Aisyah , Dwi Astuti Ineke Kristin , Panjaitan Natalia , Sinurat Sri Rahayu Y , Yuhan Risni Julaeni
Published: September 2020

Kriminalitas merupakan masalah yang sering terjadi dalam kehidupan sehari–hari dan menyebabkan beberapa pihak tertentu dirugikan baik fisik maupun materi. Menurut perhitungan Badan Pusat Statistik Indonesia, dalam 1 menit 32 detik, terjadi 1 tindakan kriminal di Indonesia. Sementara itu, dari 100.000 orang di Indonesia, 140 orang diantaranya beresiko terkena tindak kejahatan. Tingginya angka kriminalitas tentunya dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, baik sosial maupun ekonomi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor – faktor yang memengaruhi terjadinya tindakan kriminal di Indonesia. Data yang digunakan merupakan data sekunder yang bersumber dari Badan Pusat Statistik Indonesia yang tertera pada beberapa publikasi yang diterbitkan. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis jalur. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, jumlah angkatan kerja menganggur dan jumlah penduduk berpengaruh tidak langsung terhadap kriminalitas di Indonesia Sementara, jumlah penduduk miskin, jumlah angkatan kerja menganggur, dan jumlah penduduk secara langsung memengaruhi kriminalitas di Indonesia.
PENGARUH KEAMANAN, PRIVASI, DAN REPUTASI TERHADAP KEPERCAYAAN KONSUMEN ONLINE SHOPPING DI KOTA PADANG
Authors: Nurhatinah Nurhatinah
Published: September 2020

This research aims to understand the Influence of security, privacy, and reputation toward trust in online shopping consumer. The purpose of this research are: (1) the effect of security toward trust in online shopping consumer, (2) The effect of privacy toward trust in online shopping consumer, (3) The effect of reputation toward trust in online shopping consumer, (4) The effect of security, privacy, and reputation toward trust in online shopping consumer. The type of research used in this study was a causal quantitative research. The population in this study was citizens of Padang city, that has been to online shopping. The sampling technique employed in this study was purposive sampling method with the total samples of 100 people. The data collection technique used in this study was questionnaire that has been tested for validly and reliability. The data analysis technique employed in this study to answer the hypothesis was multiple regressions. The result of this study shows that partially independent variable security (X1) significantly influenced the trust in online shopping consumer, privacy variable (X2) significantly influenced the trust in online shopping consumer, and reputation variable (X3) significantly influenced the trust in online shopping consumer. Simultaneously, variables security, privacy, and reputation significantly influenced trust in online shopping consumer.Keyword: Trust In Online Shopping Consumer, Security, Privacy, and Reputation.
PENGARUH FASILITAS BELAJAR DAN DISIPLIN BELAJAR TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR TEKNOLOGI PERKANTORAN KELAS X ADP SMK NEGERI 1 LUBUK BASUNG
Authors: Kriyany Adgas Yesa , Armiati Armiati
Published: September 2020

This study was conducted to determine (1) the effect of learning facilities and learning discipline on student learning outcomes, (2) the effect of learning facilities on student learning outcomes, (3) the effect of learning discipline on student learning outcomes. This research is descriptive and associative causal. The population in this study were class X Office Administration students at SMK N 1 Lubuk Basung with 133 students. The total sample was determined using the Slovin formula and proportional random sampling. From this pattern, 100 students were obtained as research samples. Data collection techniques used in this study were questionnaires and documentation. The instrument of validity test uses Corrected Item-Total Colleration and for reliability testing using alpha coefficient formula. Prerequisite tests were carried out by normality test, heterocedasticity test, and multicollinearity test. The technique used to analyze data is multiple regression analysis. Based on this study, it was found that (1) Learning facilities and learning disciplines had a positive and significant effect on the learning outcomes of Class X Office Technology Office Administration at SMK N 1 Lubuk Basung (2) Learning facilities had a positive and significant effect on learning outcomes in Office X Class Office Administration SMK N 1 Lubuk Basung (3) Learning discipline has a positive and significant effect on the learning outcomes of Class X Office Technology Office Administration at SMK N 1 Lubuk Basung Keyword: Fasilitas Belajar, Disiplin Belajar, Hasil Belajar
PENGARUH HARGA DAN WORD OF MOUTH (WOM) TERHADAP MINAT BELI LAPTOP MEREK TOSHIBA DIKALANGAN MAHASISWA UNIVERSITAS NEGERI PADANG
Authors: Lestari Septi Ayu , Rahmidani Rose
Published: September 2020

This study aims to know and prove how much the effect of Price and Word Of Mouth On The Purchase Intention Toshiba Brand Laptops Among Students From Padang State University. This type of research is causative. The population in this Students from Padang State University. The samples were taken using Cochran formula with 100 respondents. This sampling technique is based on non- probability sampling method. The type of data used in this study primary data. Data analysis technique using SPSS version 21.00. the result of this study indicate that: 1) Price has a positive significant effect on purchase intention, 2) Word of Mouth has a positive significant effect on purchase intention.Keywords: Price, Word of Mouth, Purchase Intention
Taksonomicheskiy disbioz mikrobioty i syvorotochnyye biomarkery kak otrazheniye tyazhesti porazheniya tsentral'noy nervnoy sistemy
Authors: Черневская Е. А. , Меглей А. Ю. , Буякова И. В. , Ковалева Н. Ю. , Горшков К. М. , Захарченко В. Е. , Белобородова Н. В.
Published: September 2020

Sindrom «khronicheskogo kriticheskogo sostoyaniya» (KHKS) ob"yedinyayet patsiyentov s dlitel'noy zavisimost'yu ot zhizneobespechivayushchikh metodov terapii. U znachitel'noy doli patsiyentov puskovym faktorom KHKS sluzhat tyazhelyye povrezhdeniya golovnogo mozga. Chislo issledovaniy po izucheniyu mikrobioty pri razlichnykh patologicheskikh sostoyaniyakh rastet s kazhdym godom, odnako osobennosti mikrobioty kishechnika pri KHKS vse yeshche nedostatochno izucheny. Tsel'yu raboty bylo vyyavit' svyaz' izmeneniy taksonomicheskogo sostava mikrobioty kishechnika, vospalitel'nykh i nevrologicheskikh syvorotochnykh biomarkerov s tyazhest'yu porazheniya tsentral'noy nervnoy sistemy u patsiyentov v KHKS. V sravnitel'nom prospektivnom issledovanii u 29 patsiyentov s porazheniyem TSNS v KHKS metodom PTSR v real'nom vremeni (PTSR-RV) obnaruzheny izmeneniya taksonomicheskogo sostava mikrobioty. Korrelyatsionnyy analiz urovney biomarkerov i predstaviteley mikrobioty kishechnika vyyavil statisticheski znachimyye korrelyatsii: kortizola s F. prausnitzii (r = –0,62; p < 0,05) i B. thetaiotaomicron (r = –0,57; p < 0,05) v gruppe patsiyentov v vegetativnom sostoyanii; koeffitsiyenta SRB/al'bumin s S. aureus (r = 0,72; p < 0,05), B. fragilis group/F. prausnitzii s S100 (r = 0,45; p < 0,05) v gruppe patsiyentov s sokhrannym soznaniyem; rezul'tatov po shkale komy Glazgo s urovnem Enterococcus spp. (r = –0,77; p < 0,05) v obeikh gruppakh. Takim obrazom, kompleksnaya diagnostika s primeneniyem metoda PTSR-RV i sovremennykh biomarkerov pozvolyayet otsenit' svyaz' taksonomicheskikh izmeneniy sostava mikrobioty kishechnika so stepen'yu nevrologicheskogo defitsita. Dannyy podkhod pozvolit optimizirovat' ispol'zovaniye antibakterial'nykh preparatov i/ili razrabotat' al'ternativnyye strategii dlya meneye agressivnogo vozdeystviya na mikrobiotu kishechnika.
68 y la Olimpiada: historias que se entretejen
Authors: Semo Ilán
Published: September 2020

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Entidades de mediação e constituição de parcerias institucionais locais
Authors: Suleman Fatima , Videira Pedro Miguel Rito Alves , Araujo Emilia
Published: September 2020

Este texto apresenta o Famalicão Made IN, criado pelo município de Vila Nova de Famalicão, situado no Norte de Portugal, com a finalidade de contribuir para a constituição de uma rede de parcerias institucionais para o desenvolvimento do concelho. Tendo por base discussões teóricas sobre a relevância das parcerias de nível regional, pretende-se descrever a génese da atual estrutura Famalicão Made IN, identificar os seus papeis principais, na perspetiva das empresas do concelho e caraterizar alguns dos seus desafios no futuro próximo, também na perspetiva das empresas. O texto considera informação recolhida através de entrevistas realizadas a 4 promotores e gestores do Famalicão Made IN e a 16 empresas da mesma área geográfica e informação, de caráter etnográfico, recolhida no âmbito do acompanhamento do projeto “Emprego de Proximidade” que foi desenvolvido pelo Famalicão Made IN durante o ano de 2019.
Palavras-chave: Made IN. Parceria. Competência. Governança. Território.
Acute non-hematological toxicity of intensive chemotherapy of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children
Authors: Demidowicz Ewa , Bartoszewicz Natalia , Czyżewski Krzysztof , Cisek Joanna , Dąbrowska Anna , Dębski Robert , Dziedzic Magdalena , Ewertowska Marlena , Grześk Elżbieta , Jatczak-Gaca Agnieszka , Kołtan Andrzej , Kołtan Sylwia , Krenska Anna , Łęcka Monika , Księżniakiewicz Piotr , Marjańska Agata , Pogorzała Monika , Richert-Przygońska Monika , Tejza Barbara , Urbańczyk Anna , Żołnowska Hanna , Wysocki Mariusz , Styczyński Jan
Published: September 2020

Introduction

Leukemia belong to 31% of all childhood malignancies. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most frequent type of pediatric leukemia accounting for 80–85% of all cases. Progress in diagnostics and therapy of leukemia is dependent on international cooperation. The objective of the study was the analysis of non-hematological toxicity during intensive chemotherapy according to two consecutive intercontinental protocols.

Patients and methods

A total number of 210 children diagnosed for ALL who were treated in single center between 2002 and 2018 were divided in two groups defined by therapeutic protocol: ALL IC-BFM 2002 (group 1) and ALL IC-BFM 2009 (group 2). Data were entered prospectively from 2002 into international ALL IC-BFM 2002 and ALL IC-BFM 2009 registry. Non-hematological toxicity was analyzed according to the criteria followed in protocols, compatible with CTCAE criteria.

Results

The most frequent toxicities included hepatic toxicity with transaminitis and hyperbilirubinemia, infections, oral mucositis and gut toxicity with vomiting, and/or diarrhea. Non-hematological toxicity episodes calculated as a ratio per patient were comparably often observed in both the groups; however, the distribution was different. There were more grade III and less grade II toxicities. This was mainly related to significant increase in the rates of infections and transaminitis. However, there was a significant decrease in vomiting and central and peripheral neurotoxicity.

Conclusions

Intensive treatment of ALL is burdened with frequent severe toxic and infectious complications. Further progress in therapy of pediatric ALL is dependent on sophisticated supportive therapy and very well experienced and knowledgeable therapeutic team.
Do immigrants pay a price when marrying natives? Lessons from the US time use survey
Authors: Grossbard Shoshana Amyra , Vernon Victoria
Published: September 2020

We compare the allocation of time of native men and women married to immigrants against their counterparts in all-native couples using the American Time Use Survey for the years 2003–18. We find that when intermarried to a native man, immigrant women pay an assimilation price to the extent that, compared to native women in all-native marriages, they work longer hours at paid work, household chores, or both, while their husbands do no extra work. In some cases, they work for just an extra hour per day. Immigrant men do not pay such a price. Some work 34 min less at household chores than native men in all-native marriages, while the native women who marry immigrant men seem to pay a price related to their situation that would be in an all-native marriage. An explanation based on the operation of competitive marriage markets works for immigrant women, but not for immigrant men. Traditionally, gender-based privileges may allow immigrant men to prevent native women from getting a price for the value that intermarriage generates for their husbands. Such a “male dominance” scenario also helps explain why immigrant men married to native daughters of immigrants from the same region get more benefits from intermarriage than other immigrants.
Detection of white sturgeon iridovirus (WSIV) in wild sturgeons (Actinopterygii: Acipenseriformes: Acipenseridae) in Poland
Authors: Hofsoe-Oppermann Paulina , Kiełpińska Jolanta , Panicz Remigiusz , Bergmann Sven M.
Published: September 2020

Introduction

White sturgeon iridovirus (WSIV) disease is caused by a virus of the eponymous family and is mostly triggered by stressful environmental conditions, i.e. high rearing density, excessive handling, or temporary loss of water. The aim of this study was to develop the most effective diagnostic method for quick and efficient confirmation or exclusion of the presence of WSIV.

Material and Methods

A total of 42 samples (spleen, gills, intestine, skin, kidney, and brain) were collected from eight sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii and A. oxyrinchus) aged ≤5+ farmed or caught between 2010 and 2014 in open waters (Dąbie Lake and Szczecin Lagoon). They were tested for WSIV presence using conventional PCR, qPCR, and in situ hybridisation (ISH).

Results

In gross examination, all fish appeared to be healthy. Neither species showed clinical signs typical of WSIV infection. In the majority of cases, fragments of iridoviral DNA were found using molecular methods in the kidneys, and also in the liver, gills, and skin. The detection rate using ISH was 47.37% and most commonly the brain and kidney tissues were positive. The most efficient of the methods used was real-time PCR, with 100% effectiveness in detection of WSIV DNA.

Conclusion

The study demonstrates the capabilities for WSIV diagnosis available to sturgeon farmers and water administrators, indicating useful methods of adequate sensitivity as well as organs to sample in order to achieve the highest probability of viral detection.
Concept “cow” (“bull”) as an archetype in ancient written texts
Authors: Gambarova A. G.
Published: September 2020

The 21st century is characterized as the century of globalization, the integration of cultures, which, of course, leaves its mark on the development of cognitive linguistics. Linguistics as a science of language, reflects all the changes that occur in the thinking and speech behavior of modern society. Cognitive linguistics makes it possible to identify and trace the logical foundations of the emergence and development of the human language as a general cultural phenomenon of human life and its features within the framework of a national culture. Cognitive studies in the language bring people together with different levels of development, culture and religious affiliation, which is necessary in the high-tech age, as they promote tolerance, religious tolerance and mutual respect. The article analyzes the mythological and religious texts of different peoples and faiths in order to identify one of C. Jung’s archetypes. It is a collective unconscious modeling function of certain words. Three centuries ago R. Descartes called such archetypes “the alphabet of human thoughts”. Then this expression was partially used in the late 1650s by the mathematician Blaise Pascal, and later applied in the works of G. Leibniz at the end of the 17th century. It is noteworthy that Descartes, Pascal, C. Jung and some other famous scholars were among the first in linguistics and the history of philosophical teachings to point out the importance of studying the symbolic primitives of thought in linguistic culture. They believed that such archetypes, thanks to symbolism, are part of the general linguistic picture of the world. At the same time the analysis was carried out, confirming one of the main provisions of modern cognitive linguistics about the interplay of language and culture, the originality of the linguistic picture of the world put forward in the Middle Ages by E. B. de Condillac, later proclaimed by W. von Humbolt, and underlying Sapir-Wharf’s theory of linguistic relativity.Not trying to “grasp the immensity”, the author of the article did not set a goal to indicate the use of the tokens “bull” and “cow” in different ancient languages. For example, in Asia and the East they acquire individual meaning in the group of Semitic languages (Arabic, etc.) or Turkic-speaking (Turkish, etc.). They are beyond the scope of our study. Comparisons and comparisons of these lexemes only in Russian and Hindi and a group of Indonesian languages come into view. Some other isolated parallels relate to the so-called “background information”. The study relies on a systematic analysis of the famous anthropologist K. Levy-Strauss and on the analogy method, widely used by linguists, culturologists, and anthropologists.
Slogan in the Spanish political discourse: cognitive, linguistic and pragmatic dimension
Authors: Larionova M. V.
Published: September 2020

The article explores the cognitive, linguistic and pragmatic potential of Spanish political slogans as an integral part of political communication. The relevance of the investigation, carried out as part of a comprehensive methodology combining discursive, pragmalinguistic and content analysis, is determined by the need for a profound study of discursive mechanisms of influence on public consciousness and behavior, as well as ways to recognize and resist manipulative tactics. Slogans represent a variety of discursive texts and operate in the communicative-pragmatic contexts of “Protests” and “Elections”. Their illocutionary characterization is determined by the discursive situation: for protest slogans, demand dominates as the main speech act, while for electoral slogans, the main task is the desire to attract voters, to force them to vote for a particular candidate or party. Due to the linguistic, pragmatic and structural features, slogans influence the conceptual picture of the world of the electorate and serve as a mechanism for controlling public opinion and behavior. The addresser creates a slogan with regard to its perception by a recipient. Metaphors and other language techniques serve as linguistic means to create a desired perception vector and behavior algorithm, as well as cognitively integrate images and symbols, which often become precedents for the national language community.
The problem of teaching modern students to summarize a foreign text
Authors: Ledeneva T. V. , Zinkevich N. A.
Published: September 2020

The paper sums up the results of empirical research in teaching foreign text summarizing to Russian university students and introduces an updated approach to teaching summarizing. Summarizing is interpreted as an intellectual process involving semantic compression of the original text and converting it into a concise summary. In this context a summary is viewed as a control measuring tool for assessing foreign language reading and speaking skills. The paper is focused on shaping skills of reproductiveproductive transforming information retrieved from a printed text. Particular emphasis is placed on the analysis of the means of language teaching and the ways of developing universal cognitive-communicative competencies and a set of useful transferable skills. The paper introduces techniques to motivate screenagers to examine a printed foreign text and to hurdle the shortcomings of clip thinking and short attention span through teaching summarizing. The main stages of the summarizing process are analyzed. Detailed guidelines are provided for developing cognitive skills for profound text comprehension, and such means of semantic compression as generalization, paraphrasing, mind mapping, and producing a summary.
The role and place of intentionality as the basis for teaching foreign languages in line with the dialogue of cultures
Authors: Maslovets O. A.
Published: September 2020

The article represents an effort to specify the essential characteristics of the relationship between the intentionality of consciousness, language and culture, and on this basis to reveal the features of the process of foreign language teaching.

The author considers intentionality as a phenomenon that defines and provides the content of consciousness, allowing one to commit an act of self-determination and gaining subjectivity. In the activity of 

consciousness, the author distinguishes intentional flows of both relatively objects and subjects, which is a prerequisite for comprehending another I, a different cultural entity, and at the same time a condition for self-knowledge and deeper penetration into one’s own culture.

Culture is a complex semiotic text, it is a context in which the language being studied as a secondary modeling system acts as a means where various phenomena can be sequentially described and interpreted by students.

The openness of the subject to the world, nurtured in the course of intentional teaching of language and culture, allows its utter uniqueness, and at the same time utmost universality, to manifest itself. Such an attitude actualizes the internal regularity of human actions, the possibility of self-development and the formation of a system of deferred actions, which allows a person to realize, take place, actualizes the intentional field of his capabilities.

The author comes to the conclusion that the process of foreign language teaching should be interpretative, significative, semiotic in nature. Taking into account during teaching а foreign language the intentional conditioning of any action, including speech, will ensure the achievement of a coordinated consciousness.
PENERAPAN TEKNOLOGI PEMBUATAN PIA SEBAGAI MAKANAN BERSUMBER DAYA ALAM LOKAL DARI SERABUT BUAH LONTAR UNTUK MENINGKATKAN EKONOMI MASYARAKAT PULAU ROTE
Authors: Mahayasa I N Widiartha , Mahayasih P.G.M Widyaswari , Sirma Nyoman , S Kartiwan.
Published: September 2020

Kelompok Oo Daro dan kelompok Ita Esa yang berada di Kecamatan Rote Barat Daya dan Kecamatan Lobalaen Kabupaten Rote-Ndao Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) telah umum melakukan usaha pengolahan produk dari buah lontar, yaitu gula cair dari nira buah lontar. Gula ini sangat digemari oleh masyarakat, bahkan sampai ke luar daerah. Disamping nira dari buah yang umum digunakan, buah lontar masak juga dapat diolah menjadi produk dengan nilai jual yang baik, yaitu menjadi pia buah lontar. Pengolahan buah lontar masak menjadi berbagai jenis makanan (kue), bagi masyarakat Rote, merupakan suatu hal (teknologi) yang masih baru. Selama ini buah yang telah masak lebih banyak dibuang begitu saja. Oleh karena itu, masyarakat dari kelompok Oo Daro dan kelompok Ita Esa sangat antusias dalam mengikuti kegiatan pelatihan yang diadakan.  Kegiatan dilakukan selama 2 hari. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan bahwa kedua kelompok ini telah memahami proses pengolahan buah lontar masak menjadi pia dan dimanfaatkan sebagai salah satu sumber pendapatan mereka
The Impossible QALY and the Denial of Fundamental Measurement: Rejecting the University of Washington Value Assessment of Targeted Immune Modulators (TIMS) in Ulcerative Colitis for the Institute for Clinical and Economic Review (ICER)
Authors: Langley Paul
Published: September 2020

All too often organizations embrace standards for health technology assessment that fail to meet the standards of normal science. A continuing puzzle is why the axioms of fundamental measurement are ignored by researchers such as the University of Washington Model Group in constructing lifetime cost-per-QALY claims. The University of Washington Model Group is not alone; it is an accepted article of faith that multiattribute utility scales can be manipulated as if they had ratio scale properties, which they do not. This commitment to pseudoscientific claims, embracing intelligent design rather than natural selection, is endorsed by professional groups such as ISPOR as well as by self-appointed arbiters of value assessment such as ICER. Perhaps the answer is peer pressure rather than ignorance of the axioms of fundamental measurement. More to the point, if you have been an advocate of imaginary simulations a Damascene epiphany creates both psychological and professional challenges. After all, if cost-per-QALY constructs are rejected, then it is difficult to see what options there are for those attempting to model cost-effectiveness claims. If it is just ignorance of the axioms of fundamental measurement then a reasonable question is why these axioms, readily available on any number of internet sites, are ignored in health technology assessment programs. The purpose of this commentary is to review the ICER September 11th 2020 evidence report in ulcerative colitis, with particular reference to ICER’s responses to questions  raised in the public comment period on the measurement properties (or their absence) for utility scales; in this context the EQ-5D instruments. The critique pointed out that the utility scores had ordinal properties. ICER, without proof, disputed this statement asserting that health economists believed (or assumed) they were ratio scales. This is nonsensical. ICER has two options: first, to continue to believe that the EQ-5D instruments had ratio properties or second, to acknowledge that they indeed only had ordinal properties, rejecting their many modeled claims for pricing and access.  Not surprisingly, the possibility of a Damascene epiphany was rejected. ICER maintained its assertion that health economists, presumably all of them, believe or possibly just assume for analytical convenience that the EQ-5D-3L and similar measures are in fact on a ratio scale. This introduces a new concept in fundamental measurement: a ratio scale without a true zero but with negative values. ICER is quite prepared to admit that negative I-QALYs are possible and their lifetime cost-per-incremental I-QALY modelling can yield negative I-QALYs.

 

Article Type: Commentary
Impact of Cognitive and Social Factors on Smoking Cessation Attempts among US Adult Muslim Smokers
Authors: Attarabeen Omar , Alkhateeb Fadi , Sambamoorthi Usha , Larkin Kevin , Newton Michael , Kelly Kimberly
Published: September 2020

Background. Muslims in the United States (US) exhibit high rates of cigarette smoking. Guided by the Social Cognitive Theory, the study aimed to investigate the associations between the number of serious cigarette smoking cessation attempts and cognitive as well as environmental factors in adult US Muslim smokers.

Methods. This cross-sectional study was based on a convenience sample of adult (≥ 18 years) US Muslim smokers. After receiving IRB approval, data were collected using an on-line survey. Unadjusted Poisson regression followed by adjusted multivariable Poisson regression analyses were conducted to answer the research question.

Results. One hundred thirty-two smokers completed the questionnaire. Smokers reported more serious cigarette smoking cessation attempts if they 1) had more knowledge about the consequences of cigarette smoking cessation, 2) had more positive attitudes regarding quitting, and 3) reported greater religiosity. Additionally, smokers reported fewer serious cigarette smoking cessation attempts if they 1) were employed, 2) affiliated with Sunnah sect, 3) reported better self-assessed health, 4) reported higher perceived value for quitting, and 5) indicated that using tobacco was not allowed inside the home. Only three smokers reported using both prescription medications and counseling to aid with smoking cessation attempts.

Conclusions. Inadequate utilization of pharmaceutical smoking cessation products and provider professional assistance may exacerbate the problems associated with elevated rates of smoking among US Muslim smokers. Knowledge of the consequences, more positive attitudes, and greater religiosity can be influential constructs in future interventions aimed at encouraging smoking cessation attempts in this population.

 

Article type: Original Research
Eficacia de una intervención en alfabetización basada en la evidencia para niños hispanoparlantes con riesgo lector de niveles socioeconómicos vulnerables
Authors: Balbi Alejandra
Published: September 2020

Introducción.  Las investigaciones apoyan la eficacia de las intervenciones en alfabetización basadas en la evidencia para estudiantes angloparlantes con riesgo lector, pero no queda claro si resultados similares se pueden conseguir con alumnos hispanoparlantes. Método. Investigamos el impacto de una intervención en alfabetización basada en la evidencia con una duración de 15 horas, en niños con riesgo lector de 1° y 2° año de escuela de niveles socioeconómicos (NSE) vulnerables en Uruguay, con español como lengua materna. Los estudiantes con riesgo lector fueron asignados aleatoriamente a una intervención (n = 68) suplementaria a la instrucción usual de aula o a un grupo de control (n = 57) y se compararon con otro grupo de desarrollo lector típico (n = 69) en medidas pre-post-test en conciencia fonológica, escritura, fluidez y comprensión Resultados. Aunque todos los participantes mostraron mejoras significativas en relación a su trayectoria pre-post-test, los niños con riesgo lector que participaron de la intervención experimental solamente mostraron mayores niveles de crecimiento que el grupo control en la habilidad para identificar rimas y parcialmente en comprensión lectora. Discusión y conclusiones. Los hallazgos de este estudio reflejan la necesidad de tomar en cuenta los contrastes entre los sistemas de escritura del español y el inglés, así como el perfil cognitivo de niños de NSE vulnerables en Latinoamérica a la hora de aplicar prácticas basadas en la evidencia al diseño de programas de intervención para niños con riesgo lector de niveles socioeconómicos vulnerables en países de habla hispana.
Knowledge and Awareness on Air Pollution as A Risk Factor for Alzheimer’s Disease and Dementia- A Survey
Authors: Hemaahini Tamilmani  , Gayathri Devi R  , Gayathri R
Published: September 2020

Dementia is a syndrome where the memory deteriorates, thinking changes, behaviour changes, etc. It can get developed from Alzheimer's disease and mainly affects elderly people. The fine particulate matter present in the air can increase the risk of cardiovascular problems which can lead to dementia. The main aim of this research is to understand the knowledge and awareness of people on the topic of air pollution linked to dementia. A survey was designed to analyse the result. The questionnaire was prepared in Google Forms- website and was distributed to 100 participants. The questionnaire was based on dementia and air pollution and its relation. The data was then collected and statistically analysed using SPSS software. 71% of the participants were aware that both air pollution and dementia are increasing factors of global risk. And only 77% of the participants were aware of the term ‘dementia’.Awareness must be spread on dementia and its link with air pollution, especially among elderly people. Awareness must be created on a larger scale of population, and also the public's opinion on dementia and its link with air pollution must be known for further future studies.
Prevalence of dental caries in patients with type II diabetes mellitus
Authors: Sahil Choudhari  , Deepika Rajendran  , Jaiganesh Ramamurthy
Published: September 2020

Diabetes mellitus, a common disease of the 20th century, has been linked with a higher risk of incidence of caries, gingivitis and periodontal disease. The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of dental caries in patients with type II diabetes mellitus and to compare them to those recorded in a control group with no systemic illnesses. Eighty-six thousand patient records were reviewed between June 2019 to March 2020. A total of 200 diabetic patients and 200 control group patients (without any systemic illness) with age group between 30-60 years were included in the study. Cross verification of data was done using RBS values and the patient's medical history. The collected data were tabulated using Microsoft Excel and analysed using SPSS. Incomplete data were excluded from the study. Statistical analysis was done using a chi-square test. In our study, we observed that diabetic individuals had a higher number of caries than control groups. (p<0.05) Individuals above 50 years of age had a higher number of active caries compared to other groups. (p>0.05) The males affected were higher in number than females. (p>0.05) Most individuals with active caries fell in the RBS range of 200-250 mg/dl. Within the limits of the study, diabetic patients showed an increased number of active caries when compared to the control group. There was no significant association between age, gender and RBS values.
Knowledge and attitude on the effects of dermatoglyphics among dental students
Authors: Praneeksha  , Keerthi Sasanka  , Gayatri Devi R  , Dhanraj Ganapathy
Published: September 2020

Dermatoglyphics is the scientific study of fingerprints, lines, mounts and shapes of hands, as distinct from the superficially similar pseudoscience of palmistry. Dermatoglyphics also refers to the making of naturally occurring ridges on specific body parts, namely palms, fingers, soles, and toes. These are areas where hair usually does not grow, and these ridges allow for increased leverage when picking up objects or walking barefoot. Learning new things and being an informative person have always been the goals of human beings, so coming to know about the human hand was also new information and created a great interest in individuals of various fields. Palms and soles of feet are covered with distinct classes of marks, So the study of fingerprints is called dermatoglyphics. Palmistry is called dermatoglyphics. The fingerprints patterns do not change throughout the lifetime. There are three types of significant fingerprints, Arches, loops, whorls. Dermatoglyphics is majorly used in an investigation. It also helps find a person’s uniqueness and helps in personalised education. The study aimed to assess the knowledge about dermatoglyphics among dental students. A questionnaire was designed online using google docs which consisted of 15 questions eliciting knowledge on dermatoglyphics. The study population included dental students. The responses were collected and statistically analysed. The results were partly biased, but on the whole, the dental students were aware of the basic details of dermatoglyphics. The survey concluded the dental students were partly aware, but at the end of the survey, they had got a clear idea about dermatoglyphics and its uses in different fields.
Association between increasing age, obesity and heredity with osteoarthritis of knee joint among middle aged and old aged population
Authors: Harita Ravikumar  , Karthik Ganesh Mohanraj  , Don K R
Published: September 2020

Osteoarthritis is one of the major problems that are faced by the people in developed countries but also present all over the world. There are so many factors that affect the cause of osteoarthritis, majorly it is found to be age, sex, occupation and much more. The increase in BMI can increase the probability of development of osteoarthritis. The study has been conducted among the Chennai population involving 100 participants. Self-administered questionnaire is circulated through online mode and the responses have been collected. It was observed that the majority of the people participated were aware of osteoarthritis and that obesity, heredity and age are the major cause of osteoarthritis of the knee joint. It is concluded that people though have awareness of osteoarthritis, the knowledge about the risk factors, the effects and future problems caused by knee joint osteoarthritis remains sparse among the population. the probable risk factors of knee osteoarthritis such as age, sedentary lifestyle and obesity, unhealthy diet and heredity seems to play a key role in knee OA and has to be considered seriously for the prevention and management of this disease. Upon considering these aspects people can have a good approach towards the disease and its management which serves as the basic requirement of proper lifestyle for betterment of life.
ẢNH HƯỞNG CỦA TỶ LỆ BỘT NHẸ TRONG MÔI TRƯỜNG NHÂN GIỐNG CẤP 2 ĐẾN KHẢ NĂNG SINH TRƯỞNG VÀ PHÁT TRIỂN CỦA NẤM VÂN CHI (TRAMETES VERSICOLOR (PILAT)) TẠI THÀNH PHỐ HUẾ
Authors: Minh Vũ Tuấn , Hường Lê Thị Thu , Thủy Đinh Thị Song , Nhi Lê Thái Thùy
Published: September 2020

Thí nghiệm được bố trí hoàn toàn ngẫu nhiên (CRD) với 4 công thức, 3 lần nhắc lại trong năm 2018 tại phòng thí nghiệm khoa Nông Học, trường Đại học Nông Lâm Huế. Các công thức tỷ lệ phối trộn bột nhẹ (CaCO3) khác nhau của môi trường nhân giống nấm Vân chi (Trametes versicolor (Pilat)) cấp 2 đã cho kết quả khả quan. Các công thức thí nghiệm đều thể hiện tốt về các chỉ tiêu sinh trưởng, phát triển, tỷ lệ nhiễm và tiêu chuẩn giống; đặc biệt là độ thành thục của giống. Công thức I cho thấy khả năng vượt trội so với các công thức cùng nghiên cứu về các chỉ tiêu sinh trưởng và chất lượng giống; thể hiện ưu điểm trong trường hợp cần nhân nhanh giống để cấy chuyền cho giai đoạn tiếp theo. Tiếp đến là CT II (Đ/C) cũng cho kết quả tốt về thời gian hoàn thành các giai đoạn sinh trưởng phát triển. Bên cạnh đó, kết quả cũng ghi nhận được ưu điểm về tốc độ phát triển ổn định có tính điều hòa trên môi trường có độ pH cao của CT IV.