bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Non-reflex mediated changes in plantarflexor muscles early after stroke
Authors: Malouin F , Bonneau C , Pichard L , Corriveau D.
Published: August 2024

The aims of this study were to determine whether changes in the non-reflex component of spastic plantarflexors had developed 2 and 4 months after stroke and to study their relationship with the level of impairment. One group of adults with hemiparesis (HPs) was tested 2 and 4 months after the onset of stroke, and data were compared with a control group (CTLs) tested once. Twenty-two patients (14 males) admitted over a 4-month period in a rehabilitation centre (mean = 62 yrs +/- 14), and 11 (6 males) non-disabled (CTLs) subjects (mean = 57yrs +/- 12.8) agreed to participate in the study. The resistive torque (RT) recorded with a myometer during slow (8-10 degrees/s) passive dorsiflexions imposed manually served as the primary outcome, whereas, the Ashworth score (spasticity), ankle ROM and Fugl-Meyer motor subscore were used as secondary measures to determine the level of impairment. The mean RT values measured at 0 degrees dorsiflexion on the affected and unaffected sides were compared with those in CTLs. As expected, the RT values 2 and 4 months post-stroke on the unaffected side did not differ from corresponding values in CTLs. Significantly higher RT values on the affected side when compared to the unaffected side were found both at 2 months (39%; p < 0.05) and at 4 months (43%; p < 0.01). No significant difference existed on the affected side between the 2nd and 4th months. A high (r = 0.80) and significant (p < 0.0001) correlation coefficient was calculated between the changes in RT values recorded at 2 and 4 months. Low and not significant correlations were computed between these RT changes and factors such as the ROM (r = -0.24), the Ashworth score (r = 0.23) and the Fugl-Meyer lower extremity motor subscore (r = -0.26). Present results indicate that: (1) changes in the non-reflex component are already present 2 months after stroke but do not increase significantly between the 2nd and 4th months; (2) these changes are not related to the level of impairment; and (3) myometry testing at 2 months could be used as a preventive measure to detect patients more at risk of developing severe passive muscle stiffness.
The functional value of electrical muscle stimulation for the rehabilitation of the hand in stroke patients
Authors: Hummelsheim H , Maier-Loth ML , Eickhof C.
Published: August 2024

The influence of suprathreshold electrical stimulation of the extensor and flexor carpi radialis muscles on biomechanical and functional movement parameters is compared with the effect of a standardized active repetitive training of hand and fingers. Twelve patients suffering from ischaemic lesions in the territory of the middle cerebral artery participated in the study, which was conducted using a multiple baseline design. Following a baseline phase that lasted between one and three weeks all patients received electrical muscle stimulation for 20 minutes twice daily. In a third phase the repetitive training of hand and fingers was conducted for 20 minutes twice daily. Both interventions were applied in addition to conventional occupational therapy and physiotherapy. With the exception of spasticity in hand and finger flexors, repetitive electrical muscle stimulation does not improve biomechanical or functional motor parameters of the centrally paretic hand and arm. The repetitive motor training, however, is appropriate to improve biomechanical and functional movement parameters significantly. Apart from a possible effect on the muscle cell itself, the electrical muscle stimulation is thought to represent a mainly sensory, i.e. proprioceptive, and cutaneous intervention, whereas the active motor training is characterized by a continuous sensorimotor coupling within motor centres of the brain. The underlying neurophysiological mechanisms as well as basic principles concerning the role of afferent input for motor learning and recovery are discussed.
Double-limb support and step-length asymmetry in below-knee amputees
Authors: Isakov E , Burger H , Krajnik J , Gregoric M , Marincek C.
Published: August 2024

The sequence of gait events and symmetry of kinematic parameters between both lower limbs are compromised in below-knee amputees. In the present study the periods of double-limb support and the step length in below-knee amputees were investigated. The symmetry of the two periods of double-limb support occurring in each stride was obviously abnormal (ratio: 0.74) among temporal and distance parameters. The time of double-limb support (0.211 +/- 0.05 seconds) measured from heel-strike of the amputated leg until toe-off of the normal leg was significantly longer (p = 0.011) when compared with the contralateral leg (0.173 +/- 0.04 seconds). The step length of the normal leg (0.709 +/- 0.07 m) was significantly (p = 0.045) shorter than that of the amputated leg (0.752 +/- 0.08 m). Most of these differences between measured kinematic parameters can be explained by the limited ability of the prosthesis ankle-foot component to reproduce the normal functions of both foot and ankle.
Age related changes in surface myoelectric signals
Authors: Merletti R Lo Conte LR
Published: August 2024

The initial values and the time course of muscle fiber conduction velocity and of surface myoelectric signal spectral variables were studied during voluntary or electrically elicited contractions of the tibialis anterior muscle of 15 healthy elderly human subjects. Age ranged from 65 to 84 years. Isometric voluntary contractions were performed at 20% MVC (Maximal Voluntary Contraction) and 80% MVC for 20 s. Tetanic electrical stimulation was then applied to the main muscle motor point for 20 s with surface electrodes. Two stimulation rates (20 Hz and 40 Hz) and two stimulation amplitudes were used to induce different degrees of fatigue. One stimulation amplitude was supramaximal, the second was adjusted to induce a response (M-wave) about 30% of the maximal. Results were compared with those reported in previous work on healthy adults (age range 18 to 43 years). The main findings of this work are: (a) when voluntary contraction level is increased from 20% MVC to 80% MVC conduction velocity and spectral variables increase; this increase is significantly smaller in elderly subjects, (b) during sustained contractions at 80% MVC the decrease of conduction velocity and spectral variables is significantly smaller in elderly subjects, (c) during contractions induced by supramaximal stimulation at 40 Hz the decrease of conduction velocity and spectral variables is not significantly different in the two age groups. It is concluded that points a and b reflect the age related decrease of number and size of fast twitch fibers indicated by histological data. Point c is discussed and possible explanations are suggested.
Low level laser versus placebo in the treatment of tennis elbow
Authors: Vasseljen O Jr Høeg N
Published: August 2024

The effect of low level laser (GaAs) on lateral epicondylitis was investigated in a double-blind, randomized, controlled study. Thirty patients were assigned equally to a laser (n = 15) or a placebo laser (n = 15) group. All patients received eight treatments and were evaluated subjectively and objectively before, at the end of, and four weeks after treatment. Patients also completed a follow-up questionnaire on an average of five to six months after treatment. A significant improvement in the laser compared to the placebo group was found on visual analog scale (p = 0.02) and grip strength (p = 0.03) tests four weeks after treatment. In this study low level laser therapy was shown to have an effect over placebo; however, as a sole treatment for lateral epicondylitis it is of limited value. Further studies are needed to evaluate the reliability of our findings and to compare laser to other established treatment methods.
Low energy high frequency pulsed electromagnetic therapy for acute whiplash injuries. A double blind randomized controlled study
Authors: Foley-Nolan D Moore K
Published: August 2024

The standard treatment of acute whiplash injuries (soft collar and analgesia) is frequently unsuccessful. Pulsed electromagnetic therapy PEMT (as pulsed 27 MHz) has been shown to have pro-healing and anti-inflammatory effects. This study examines the effect of PEMT on the acute whiplash syndrome. One half of the 40 patients entering the study received active PEMT collars: the other half facsimile (placebo). All patients were given instructions to wear the collar for eight hours a day at home and advised to mobilise their necks. At 2 and 4 weeks the actively treated group had significantly improved (p less than 0.05) in terms of pain (visual analogue scale). By chance movement scores for the PEMT group were significantly worse at entry to the study than the control group (p less than 0.05). At 12 weeks they had become significantly better (p less than 0.05). PEMT as described is safe for domiciliary use and this study suggests that PEMT has a beneficial effect in the management of the acute whiplash injury.
Muscle training in chronic anterior cruciate ligament insufficiency--a comparative study
Authors: Zätterström R Fridén T
Published: August 2024

The aim of the investigation was to study and compare the effect of two basically different training methods on muscle strength and knee function on a consecutive and prospective series of 26 conservatively treated patients with chronic anterior cruciate ligament injury. The two training models were: model Q directed towards specific training of knee extensor muscle strength and model F aiming at training of the lower extremity and trunk muscles in functional weightbearing patterns. The parameters evaluated were: isometric and isokinetic muscle strength, a performance test (one-leg hop test), and a functional score. The results after a three-month training period showed in both groups a significant increase of muscle strength in both knee extensors and knee flexors. No significant difference of isokinetic strength values between the two groups was observed. The isometric gain of knee extension was significantly higher in the Q group. The one-leg hop test value and the functional score were also significantly increased in both groups. However, the hop test indicated a more favourable result in the group who were trained functionally.
Interrater reliability of the 7-level functional independence measure (FIM)
Authors: Hamilton BB , Laughlin JA , Fiedler RC , Granger CV.
Published: August 2024

No abstract available.
Low power Ga-Al-As laser treatment of painful osteoarthritis of the knee. A double-blind placebo-controlled study
Authors: Bülow PM , Jensen H , Danneskiold-Samsøe B.
Published: August 2024

The aim of this double-blind study was to evaluate the effect of low power Ga-Al-As laser treatment on chronic pain related to osteoarthritis of the knee with periarticular tender points. Twenty-nine out-patients with uni- or bilateral osteoarthritis of the knee were included and randomly assigned to treatment with either laser or placebo laser. Fourteen patients received active laser treatment and all patients included completed the study. The effect variables were daily levels of pain, analgesic requirements, palpation tenderness and isokinetic quadriceps strength. Each patient participated in the study for 9 weeks and registered daily level of pain and consumption of analgesics. In weeks 4, 5 and 6 the patients received a total of nine treatments, each of 15 min and administered to periarticular tender points. The dose per treatment was 22.5 joule. No significant differences in any of the effect variables were found between the two groups before, during or after treatment. With regard to the patients' overall assessment there was a clearly demonstrable positive effect of treatment in both groups. This is likely to be due to a placebo effect.
Quantitative analysis of rising from a chair in healthy and hemiparetic subjects
Authors: Hesse S , Schauer M , Malezic M , Jahnke M , Mauritz KH.
Published: August 2024

In 15 healthy and 20 hemiparetic persons we studied standing-up by two force-plates. Phases before and after the seat-off, force distribution and centre of gravity displacement were assessed. The patients rose significantly slower. The force ratios after seat-off differed significantly between the groups (0.88 vs 0.68). Left/right hemiparetic patients put more weight on the affected limb in 18%/11% of the trials before seat-off, with its insufficient use after it mainly in the left patients. At seat-off, projection of the centre of gravity fell within the support area in hemiparetic patients, and 3 cm behind it in healthy subjects. With larger lateral displacement of the centre of gravity in the hemiparetic group, left hemiparetic patients mostly shifted their weight to the non-affected side and right hemiparetic patients to both sides. Weight distribution and mediolateral displacement of the centre of gravity in the left and right hemiparetic patients were considered.
Mesh-glove. 2. Modulation of residual upper limb motor control after stroke with whole-hand electric stimulation
Authors: Dimitrijević MM , Soroker N.
Published: August 2024

The effects of whole-hand electrical stimulation via a wired mesh-glove upon the residual motor control of the upper extremity are described. Clinical observations were made in 2 patients with nonfunctional upper limbs, 4 and 2 years after stroke, who had been enrolled in the home mesh-glove program for 6 and 4 months, respectively. The stimulation paradigm is novel and the target of stimulation is the hand. Preliminary results indicate beneficial effects such as reduction in muscle hypertonia and facilitation of isolated hand movements.
Efficacy of botulinum toxin for cervical dystonia. A comparison of methods for evaluation
Authors: Odergren T , Tollbäck A , Borg J.
Published: August 2024

Twenty patients with cervical dystonia were treated during one year with repeated intramuscular injections of botulinum toxin. The outcome was evaluated comparing subjective global rating with relative changes in degree of pain on the Visual analogue scale (VAS), degree of dysfunction due to dystonia, and quality of life according to the Nottingham health profile (NHP). Objective measurement of dystonic position and movement ability was performed using a goniometer, semiquantitatively noted as scores according to Fahn and Tsui. Before treatment, the degree of impaired life quality on the NHP did not correlate with the Tsui score of dystonic posture, but significantly with the Fahn score (p < 0.01) which also includes data on pain. Significant improvement after treatment was seen for all parameters (p < 0.05). Global subjective rating correlated significantly with improved posture according to the Tsui score (p < 0.05), but not with reduced pain or degree of dysfunction. The results suggest that the efficacy of botulinum toxin in cervical dystonia is best evaluated using a combination of the VAS for pain and the Tsui score for dystonic posture and movement ability.
Preventive effects of work place investigations in connection with musculo-skeletal occupational injuries
Authors: Kemmlert K.
Published: August 2024

One hundred and ninety-five reports on musculo-skeletal occupational injuries were collected and randomised into two groups: one group where the work places of the injured were visited by labour inspectors (LIs) and one control group. The inspectors were instructed to issue inspection notices (INs) where appropriate. Ninety-two such visits were paid and resulted in 20 INs. Approximately 15 months later all 195 work places were visited by 3 ergonomists and the ergonomic situations were assessed. When compared with the control group neither the visits from the LIs nor the INs issued were associated with reduced work load among the injured. However, at most work places also other employees were performing the same tasks as the injured persons. Among these employees there was a significant reduction of work load where INs had been issued to the employers. Thus, the main effects of the LI interventions were in primary preventive measures.
Wheelchair propulsion: functional ability dependent factors in wheelchair basketball players
Authors: Vanlandewijck YC , Spaepen AJ , Lysens RJ.
Published: August 2024

The aim of this study was to examine the user-related parameters, 1) force generation 2) maximal aerobic power and 3) propulsion technique, in respect to functional ability level [ISMWSF] wheelchair basketball classification: groups 1, 2 and 3) of 40 elite wheelchair basketball players. Isometric (position on the handrims = -30, 0 degrees, +30 degrees and +60 degrees) and dynamic force application (velocities = 0.56, 0.83 and 1.11 m.s-1) on the handrims (test 1) was measured by means of a computerised wheelchair simulator, with the subjects sitting in a standardised position. Each subject performed a maximal exercise test (test 2) on a motor driven treadmill at 1.67 m.s-1 and four subsequent submaximal tests (test 3) at two exercise levels (60 and 80% of individual VO2) and two velocities (1.11 and 2.22 m.s-1) with constant power output. In tests 2 and 3, cardiorespiratory and kinematic data were recorded simultaneously. Although no significant differences between functional ability groups were found in relation to force application on the handrims, three different force application strategies were observed (test 1). Maximal aerobic capacity and power output (test 2) differed significantly (p < 0.05) between groups 1 and 2 and between groups 1 and 3. No differences in mechanical efficiency were observed between the three functional ability groups, irrespective of changes in wheelchair velocity and external load (test 3). Propulsion technique was not proven to be functional ability dependent although remarkable differences in movement pattern were observed, especially during the recovery phase.
Long-term effects of auditory feedback training on relearned symmetrical body weight distribution in stroke patients. A follow-up study
Authors: Engardt M.
Published: August 2024

Long-term effects of auditory kinetic feedback on relearned symmetrical body weight distribution while rising and sitting down were studied in stroke patients. Thirty patients were re-tested on average 33 months after having trained with and without auditory feedback. Body weight distribution on the legs was measured with two force plates. At re-test there was a decrease from 48% to 39% of body weight distribution (%BWD) on the paretic leg in rising and in sitting down in the patients in the auditory feedback group (p < 0.001). In the control group the decrease was from 44 to 39% BWD on the paretic leg (p < 0.05) in rising and from 44 to 42% BWD (n.s.) in sitting down. The symmetrical body-weight distribution, acquired after auditory feedback training, was not consistent over time. Movement time, however, was significantly reduced in the auditory feedback group (p < 0.05). Possible reasons for the findings are discussed.
Knee disorders in carpet and floor layers and painters. Part II: Knee symptoms and patellofemoral indices
Authors: Kivimäki J , Riihimäki H , Hänninen K.
Published: August 2024

One hundred and sixty-eight carpet and floor layers and 146 painters were examined with the aid of a questionnaire, clinical tests of the patellofemoral joint, a knee exertion test and measurements of patellofemoral indices. Carpet and floor layers reported previous knee conditions more frequently than painters. Patellofemoral tenderness was not related to occupation, patellofemoral indices or perceived knee conditions. On the contrary, pain in the knee exertion test of 50 squats was related to perceived knee injuries and pain on compression of the patella. Exertion test seems to be more accurate than traditional clinical tests in the screening of knee lesions.
Social factors and outcome in a five-year follow-up study of 276 patients with sciatica
Authors: Nykvist F Hurme M
Published: August 2024

Social factors of 179 operated and 97 non-operated patients one year after hospitalization due to low back pain and sciatica were tested by multi-variate regression analysis in relation to the five-year outcome evaluated according to the WHO Handicap Classification. For operated men a subjective working incapacity (relative risk RR = 4.6) and co-morbidity (RR = 2.7) predicted a poor outcome. For operated women the predictive factors were subjective working incapacity (RR = 3.2) and older age (RR = 1.9). For non-operated men an increased occurrence of occupational hazards (RR = 3.6) and for non-operated women co-morbidity (RR = 7.1) indicated a poor outcome.
Experimentally induced ischemic pain and so-called diaphase fix current
Authors: Hämäläinen O , Kemppainen P.
Published: August 2024

It has been claimed that the diadynamic currents have either analgesic or other beneficial effects during the treatment of various painful musculoskeletal disorders. However, no experimental or controlled clinical results have been presented to support these claims. In this study, the possible analgesic effect of the DF (diaphase fix)-current on experimental pain was evaluated. An ischemia was experimentally induced in the left arm of five healthy male volunteers by a modified submaximal effort tourniquet test. Each subject had two consecutive ten minute periods of ischemia, one with and another without the DF-current. The subjective pain responses to the ischemia were measured by the visual analogue scale. The DF-current did not cause any marked decrease in the mean pain responses in this experiment. This experiment did not support the idea of using the diadynamic currents in alleviating musculoskeletal pain.
Long-lasting unilateral muscle wasting and weakness following injury and immobilisation
Authors: Rutherford OM , Jones DA , Round JM.
Published: August 2024

Quadriceps strength and size was measured in a small group of subjects (n = 7) 1 to 5 years after full mobilisation following some form of unilateral lower limb trauma. The mean maximum voluntary isometric force (MVC) was significantly lower for the injured (I) compared to the uninjured (UI) leg (369 N +/- 139 vs. 535 N +/- 131, p less than 0.01). Electrical stimulation superimposed on the voluntary contractions demonstrated that all subjects were able to maximally activate the quadriceps of both legs. Mean quadriceps cross-sectional area (CSA) was significantly lower in the I (64 cm2 +/- 12.8) compared to the UI leg (80 +/- 12.8, p less than 0.01). One subject with marked unilateral weakness and wasting took part in a 3-month strength training study for the injured leg. After training the I/UI ratio had been restored to nearly 100% (94% MVC; 88% CSA). These results would suggest that longer and more intensive physiotherapy is required in the immediate post-injury period to restore muscle strength and size to severely atrophied muscle.
Isokinetic strength training in below-knee amputees
Authors: Klingenstierna U , Renström P , Grimby G , Morelli B.
Published: August 2024

Eight below-knee amputees performed isokinetic training of knee extensor- and knee-flexor muscles for a period of 8-12 weeks at angular velocities of 60 degrees/s, 180 degrees/s and 240 degrees/s. Before and after training isokinetic and isometric knee extensor/flexor strength was measured. Muscle biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis and the cross-sectional area of the thigh muscles was measured with computerized tomography. Peak torque of the amputated leg increased significantly in all knee-extension tests and in knee-flexion at 180 degrees/s, and in the non-amputated leg in extension at 180 degrees/s, 240 degrees/s and for isometric strength at 60 degrees knee angle. Knee-flexion strength increased at 240 degrees/s. The cross-sectional area of the muscle fibers increased in the amputated leg in all patients except one. There was no significant increase in the non-amputated leg which also was trained. The quotient between the cross-sectional areas of type II and type I fibers increased from 1.04 to 1.20 in the amputated leg, demonstrating an increase specially in the type II fibers. There was no difference in the non-amputated leg. The cross-sectional area of the thigh muscles did not show any significant change in either leg. The patients estimated their ability to walk after training to more than double the distance compared to before training. They could also manage better without walking aids. The increase in strength and the synchronous increase in the size of type II (fast twitch) fibers indicate that the training model has activated also these motor units which probably have not been given as much training earlier.
Chronic low-back pain: intercorrelation of repeated measures for pain and disability
Authors: Grönblad M , Lukinmaa A , Konttinen YT.
Published: August 2024

Subjective experience of pain and disability was assessed for 4-5 weeks on a weekly basis in 14 consecutive out-patients complaining of low-back pain and/or leg pain that had lasted for at least 6 months. The following measures were used for assessment: a visual analogue scale (VAS) (present pain and worst pain during preceding 2 weeks), a short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ), the Pain Disability Index (PDI) and the pain drawing. In addition, psychological variables of pain experience were evaluated with the Comprehensible Psychopathological Rating Scale (CPRS). When the median of the variation coefficient for repeated measures was compared, the most stable measures were, in rank order: PDI, total number of words chosen in the SF-MPQ and worst pain during the preceding two weeks (VAS). The Spearman correlation showed statistically significant intercorrelation for present pain assessed with the VAS score, for the sensory word score of the SF-MPQ and for the PDI. Especially the PDI, which represents a global score for disability, showed very little test-retest variability and a high intercorrelation with the other methods of assessment, i.e. the pain drawing, the VAS scale for pain and the SF-MPQ.
Pulsed ultrasound treatment in lateral epicondylalgia
Authors: Haker E Lundeberg T.
Published: August 2024

This study was carried out to explore the pain-alleviating effect of pulsed ultrasound in lateral epicondylalgia. Forty-five patients were consecutively assigned at random to two groups for pulsed ultrasound or placebo. The parameters for ultrasound were 1 MHz; 1:4; 1 W/cm2. Each session was for 10 min, two to three times weekly, ten treatments in all. Follow-ups were done after three and twelve months. The statistical analysis showed no significant differences in relation to subjective or objective outcomes between the groups after the treatment period or at the follow-ups. Our results do not support the use of pulsed ultrasound treatment with the chosen parameters in lateral epicondylalgia.
Spatial neglect in acute stroke: the line bisection test
Authors: Friedman PJ.
Published: August 2024

Line bisection testing was performed on 82 elderly subjects within 14 days of a non-lacunar stroke. The 40 subjects with impaired line bisection were of similar age and pre-stroke dependency as the 42 subjects with normal line bisection but had a more severe current stroke deficit as evidenced by a higher incidence of new hemiplegia, homonomous hemianopia, visual extinction and constructional impairment, and greater power loss. Subjects with impaired line bisection had poorer functional outcome than those with normal line bisection as measured by Barthel activities of daily living scores, walking speed and discharge residence. When subjects with impaired line bisection were divided into two groups according to line bisection error, the severely impaired had worse functional outcome than the mildly impaired. After accounting for motor loss and the ability to draw a house by using logistic regression, line bisection did not contribute significantly to predicting functional outcome.
Comparison of muscle strength and bone mineral density in healthy postmenopausal women. A cross-sectional population study
Authors: Kyllönen ES Väänänen HK
Published: August 2024

In this cross-sectional population study with 78 healthy 0.5-5 years postmenopausal, 49-55 year old females a significant simple linear correlation between lumbar spine LII-LIV bone mineral density and adjacent back extensor and flexor isometric muscle strength was found. With the stepwise multiple linear regression analyses the most significant predictors for lumbar spine LII-LIV and femoral neck bone mineral density were weight (partial R2) (R2 = 0.197, p = 0.0001; R2 = 0.157, p = 0.0009) and age (R2 = 0.056, p = 0.0205; R2 = 0.036, p = 0.0708). Height and isometric muscle strength and endurance of muscles were not significant predictors. Weight and age were the most significant predictors also for isometric muscle strength. The mobility of spine, body fat content and anaerobic threshold had no correlation on bone mineral density.
The kinematics of idiopathic gait disorder. A comparison with healthy young and elderly females
Authors: Wall JC Hogan DB
Published: August 2024

In this study the kinematic gait parameters of healthy young and elderly subjects were compared with those of a group of patients with idiopathic gait disorder of the elderly (IGDE), a condition characterized by dysfunctional walking for which no underlying cause can be determined. The velocity and the temporal/distance gait kinematics were measured for self-selected fast, medium and slow speeds of walking. The elderly walk with a more cautious gait pattern than younger adults. This pattern is characterized by a slow walking speed and a reduced single support phase, with shorter but more frequent strides, and is even more marked in persons with IGDE. The slower the walking speed the more cautious this pattern becomes. The patients with IGDE not only walk far slower than a group of healthy age matched individuals but the range of speeds, from self-selected slow to fast, is much reduced and does not overlap that of the healthy elderly. With objective gait measurements this group might be better identified.
Early prognosis of stroke outcome by means of Katz Index of activities of daily living
Authors: Asberg KH Nydevik I.
Published: August 2024

The predictive validity of Katz' Index of ADL (Activities of Daily Living) regarding length of hospital stay, discharge to own home or death within one month, and its reproducibility in clinical practice was studied prospectively in Södertälje and in Enköping, Sweden. The Södertälje study included 124 consecutive patients, who were all assessed on days 5-7 after stroke by an occupational therapist. The Enköping study included 106 consecutive patients, who were assessed similarly by trained nurses. Ninety-six and 94%, respectively, of patients in grades A-C on days 5-7 after stroke were discharged to their own homes within one month. Ninety-six and 92%, respectively, of patients in grades D-G stayed in hospital longer than one month or died. Sixty-two and 68%, respectively, of patients in grade G died within one month. The instrument is now used as a valid tool for early prognosis of stroke outcome in order to facilitate the planning of care and rehabilitation in clinical practice.
Assessment of activities of daily living in the elderly. A study of a population of 76-year-olds in Gothenburg, Sweden
Authors: Sonn U Asberg KH.
Published: August 2024

The cumulative structure of personal daily activities (Katz' Index of ADL) and four well-defined instrumental activities (cooking, transportation, shopping, and cleaning) have been studied in a population of 76-year-olds (N = 659) in Gothenburg, Sweden. Sixty-five percent of the population were independent, 22% were dependent in instrumental activities, and 13% were dependent in both instrumental and personal activities. No person was dependent in personal ADL and independent in instrumental ADL. The internal consistency and the coefficient of scalability were well above the acceptance level, which indicated an internal reliability and validity of the new scale. The frequency of personal and home-assistance care, type of accommodation, self-assessment of self-care and domestic activities were compared with the level of dependence in ADL and indicated external validity. This cumulative instrument of ADL can be used to describe and compare the level of disability in elderly populations and to define the need for personal assistance in home care among disabled persons.
Individualized adaptation of clothes for impaired persons. A comparison of two groups with and without experience of adapted clothes
Authors: Kratz G , Söderback I.
Published: August 2024

Impaired persons often have difficulties in obtaining suitable clothing. Questionnaires on this subject were sent to a consecutive series of impaired persons. Group 1 (n = 50) had received adapted clothes and group 2 (n = 81) had not. Questionnaire A (both groups) contained general questions on clothes and questionnaire B (Group 1) contained questions on adapted clothes. The result of the study shows a significant difference (p less than 0.01) between the need for adapted clothing in group 1 and group 2. No significant difference was found between the groups regarding the reason for obtaining and using adapted clothes. It was difficult for 94% in group 1 and 85% in group 2 to obtain clothes which were suitable for the individual's impairment and which made their daily activities easier. In group 1 the adapted garments were of most value when dressing and undressing (86%). They also reduced the time needed, by 31% for the individual, by 43% for a helper; and by 62% when going to the toilet. The adapted garments were considered smarter and more comfortable by 64%. Eighteen per cent considered that wearing them had increased their self-confidence.
The influence of functional electrical stimulation on the properties of vastus lateralis fibres following total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Martin TP Gundersen LA
Published: August 2024

The influence of functional electrical muscle stimulation (FES) on selected properties of vastus lateralis muscle fibres was studied in patients recovering from total knee arthroplasty for osteoarthritis. Prior to surgery, on the average, muscle biopsies from the vastus lateralis could be characterized as having a predominance of Type I fibres which were significantly larger in cross-sectional area than the Type II fibres in the same sample. Following surgery, muscle biopsies from a group of patients (n = 7) which received continuous passive motion and no FES, exhibited a marked increase in the proportion of Type II fibres along with a general atrophy of both the Type I and Type II fibres. Patients receiving passive motion and FES (n = 9) also showed an increase in the relative percentage of Type II fibres. Post-operatively, however, there was no significant reduction in fibre area in the stimulated muscles. These data suggest that FES was effective in attenuating the muscle atrophy associated with total knee arthroplasty but had no influence on those metabolic properties which were related to muscle fibre type classification criteria.
Effects of UV Postcuring Times on the Color Stability, Surface Properties and Conversion of 3D-printed Temporary Resin Composites
Authors: de Sousa LC , Pereira ALC , Curinga MRS , de Souza BBTLC , Batista AUD , Borges BCD , Carreiro AFP
Published: August 2024

Objective:

To evaluate the effects of UV postcuring times on color stability (CS), surface properties (wettability [°] and surface roughness [Ra]), and conversion of 3D-printed resins for temporary restorations.

Methods:

Disc-shaped specimens (10.0×3.0 mm) and maxillary central incisors (8.2×10.3 mm) were fabricated using provisional 3D-printed resin (PriZma Bio Prov [PZ] and PrintaX AA TEMP [PX]) in A2 shade and subjected to UV postcure times of 0 (T0), 5 (T1), 10 (T2), and 15 (T3) minutes (n=15). The incisors were used for CS evaluation with a colorimeter. In contrast, discs were used to measure the contact angle using the sessile drop method, surface roughness with an optical profilometer, and degree of conversion with FT-NIR. For CS, Ra, contact angle, and degree of conversion, a two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post-hoc test (α=0.05) was used.

Results:

PX resin demonstrated greater color stability than PZ (p=0.001). Long UV postcuring times (10 to 15 minutes) will increase the contact angle (p=0.013) and stabilize the degree of conversion (p=0.01), while 5 to 10 minutes of UV postcuring will provide better surface smoothness (p=0.04) of both resins.

Conclusions:

Long UV postcuring times (10 to 15 minutes) lead to greater alterations in color, contact angle, and stability of the degree of conversion, while 5 to 10 minutes lead to a smoother surface of the 3D-printed temporary resins.
Soil erosion risk in the Mocache Canton applying multicriteria analysis and geographic information systems
Authors:   Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo UTEQ, Muñoz Marcillo José Luis , Veas Triana Luis ,   Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo UTEQ
Published: August 2024

Soil erosion is one of the main and most widespread types of soil degradation, determined by environmental and anthropogenic factors, which significantly impact the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil, favoring its degradation. Consequently, through this research we sought to evaluate the risk of soil erosion in the canton of Mocache through the application of multicriteria analysis techniques and the use of geographic information systems (GIS). The CORINE model included several criteria for the zoning of potential and actual erosion risk, including erosivity, defined by the Modified Fournier Index (MFI) and the Bagnouls-Gaussen Aridity Index (BGI); erodibility, composed of soil texture, stoniness and depth; soil occupation; slope-orientation; and vegetation cover, through the estimation of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). An expert consultation supported by Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was applied to define the contribution of each criterion to erosion risk. The resulting layers were combined using a weighted relationship (map algebra) within the GIS environment. It was obtained that slope-orientation and erosivity explain a large part of the erosion risk, with a weighting of 42.46% and 27.48% in order, according to the expert evaluation and the AHP. The high erosivity was contributed by the predominant climatic factors: intense precipitation and high temperatures. In addition, it was found that the potentialand current erosion risk represent 13.1% (7,244 ha) and 10.7% (5,905 ha) of the territorial extension. It is concluded that physical-natural, meteorological factors and anthropogenic activities contribute to the risk of potential and current soil erosion in Mocache canton
Increasing Moral Emotions Through Traditional Games of Gobak sodor and Bentengan Using the Experiential Learning Method
Authors: Iswinarti Iswinarti , Wahyu Nur Laily
Published: August 2024

The decline in morality has been of interest in the education world, especially among junior high school students. They tend to justify their mindset and actions when making decisions about problem-solving. Moral emotion is an essential aspect to have before any decision-making. Students must have moral emotions to avoid repeating mistakes and bad behavior. Efforts to increase moral emotions through the traditional game "Gobak Sodor and Bentengan". This research aims to determine whether the traditional games of gobag sodor and bentengan can be a model for increasing moral emotions in students. This research is a quasi-experimental research with a pretest-posttest control group design. The number of subjects was 30 junior high school students aged 12-15 years. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. The results of the Wilcoxon test research showed that there were significant differences in experimental group 1 (0.009; 0.006; 0.022 < 0.05) and experimental 2 (0.014; 0.006; 0.006 < 0.05) between the pretest and post-test. The Mann-Whitney results showed significant differences between the experimental and control groups (p < 0.05).
What Are the Economic Impacts of Indonesia’s Export Ban? A Computable General Equilibrium Analysis
Authors: Samir Salman , Utami Rizky , Razak Muhammad Maula
Published: August 2024

This study aims to assess the economic impact of the mineral export ban on Indonesia and other countries. The comparative-static version of the computable general equilibrium model (Global Tarde Analysis Project (GTAP)) is used to analyse the economic impact of the export ban, with a particular focus on GDP, welfare, terms of trade and external trade. The most recent GTAP version 9 database was used for the modelling simulations of the Indonesian export ban. The GTAP version 9 database has three reference years: 2004, 2007 and 2011. It already aggregates 140 regions and 57 sectors. The modelling simulation results show that the policy of bauxite, copper and tin export tyres benefits the Indonesian economy. Meanwhile, Indonesia’s export ban policy harmed the economies of other countries, particularly China, Japan, India, Korea and the EU-28.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Aplikasi Quizizz Terhadap Minat Belajar Siswa
Authors: Aprianis Cici , Afrianis Neti
Published: August 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan aplikasi Quizizz terhadap minat belajar siswa pada materi hidrokarbon di Sekolah Menengah Atas Negeri 9 Mandau. Kebaruan dalam penelitian ini, yaitu menggunakan aplikasi Quizizz dengan akun super dengan fitur-fitur yang lebih banyak, dan membantu pendidik dalam mengembangkan teknologi-teknologi dalam pembelajaran kimia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian quasi eksperiment. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan yaitu cluster random sampling, dimana kelas XI.3 sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas XI.4 sebagai kelas kontrol. Data minat belajar siswa diperoleh dengan menggunakan instrumen angket, yang di analisis menggunakan uji t untuk melihat pengaruh aplikasi Quizizz terhadap minat belajar siswa pada nilai signifikansi. Dari hasil yang diperoleh nilai t-hitung = 3,473 dengan nilai sig 2-tailed sebesar 0,001, dan nilai t-tabel = 1,998. Jika nilai signifikansi 0,001 < 0,05 dan nilai t-hitung > t-tabel. Sehingga disimpulkan hipotesis nol (H0) ditolak dan Ha diterima, artinya ada pengaruh yang signifikan dari penggunaan aplikasi Quizizz terhadap minat belajar siswa dengan koefisien pengaruh sebesar 8,5%.
Desain dan Uji Coba Media Video Pembelajaran Menggunakan Software Adobe After Effects Model ICARE pada Materi Termokimia
Authors: Nauly Ainun , Lazulva Lazulva
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis research was instigated with the videos rarely used in learning, so students were difficult in remembering material when studying independently.  This research aimed at designing learning video with adobe after effects software and ICARE model on Thermochemistry lesson, and the video validity was tested based on validation by material and media experts and, teacher and student practicality tests.  Research and Development (R&D) method was used in this research with design and development research (DDR). Preliminary field test was conducted to the eleventh-grade students of Natural Science 2 at Senior High School of Muhammadiyah 1 Pekanbaru. This research produced a thermochemistry learning video with a media and material expert validation score of 91.2% with very valid criteria. The result of teacher practicality test was 90.2% with very practical category, and the result of student response test was 88.3% with very good category.Keywords: Learning Video, Adobe After Effects, ICARE, Thermochemistry.AbstrakPenelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh penggunaan video yang jarang digunakan dalam pembelajaran, sehingga siswa kesulitan mengingat materi saat belajar mandiri. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk mendesain video pembelajaran menggunakan software adobe after effects model ICARE pada materi termokimia yang diuji kevalidannya berdasarkan validitas ahli materi, ahli media, uji praktikalitas guru dan siswa. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Research and Development (R&D) dengan model Desain and Development Research (DDR). Uji lapangan awal dilakukan di SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Pekanbaru terhadap peserta didik kelas XI IPA 2. Penelitian ini menghasilkan produk berupa video pembelajaran termokimia dengan nilai validasi ahli media dan ahli materi diperoleh sebesar 91,2% dengan kriteria sangat valid. Uji praktikalitas guru mendapatkan hasil sebesar 90,2% dengan kategori sangat praktis, dan uji respon siswa mendapatkan hasil sebesar 88,2% dengan kategori sangat baik.Keywords: Video Pembelajaran, Adobe After Effects, ICARE, Termokimia.
Fenomena Hidup Membujang dan Relevansinya dengan Hukum Islam
Authors: Khusaini Muhammad , Prasetyo Bambang , Ali Zezen Zainul
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi praktik membujang di masyarakat, alasan dan bagaimana agama mengatur praktik tersebut. Melaksanakan pernikahan berarti memenuhi perintah agama sekaligus memenuhi sunnah Nabi Muhammad SAW. Oleh karena itu, jika seseorang memenuhi syarat-syarat untuk menikah, maka ia diperintahkan untuk menikah karena dengan menikah maka hidupnya akan lebih sempurna. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian lapangan dan penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif analitik. Metode penelitian ini bersifat fenomenologis, dan pengumpulan datanya menggunakan metode observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fenomena hidup membujang diberi pengaruhi persiapan materi, mengalami kegagalan pernikahan dan trauma yang mendalam, serta terlalu fokus pada tanggung jawab dan pekerjaan. Dalam Islam, puasa merupakan jalan keluar bagi mereka yang tidak mampu membiayai biaya pernikahan, namun jika ada keadaan dimana seseorang sudah tidak mampu lagi menahan godaan syahwat dan tidak mampu membiayai biaya pernikahan, maka nikah menjadi wajib. Faktor-faktor tersebut dapat memberikan dampak yang beragam mulai dari dampak kesehatan, dampak psikologis, dampak sosial, keengganan menikah, hingga dampak keagamaan.
Penanganan Masalah Anak Penyandang Kesejahteraan Sosial pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Hidayat Eko , Syukur Iskandar , Pradana Putra Agus Iskandar
Published: August 2024

Banyaknya anak jalanan di Provinsi Lampung ini menunjukkan adanya  permasalahan kesejahteraan sosial yang perlu diperhatikan oleh pemerintah, mengingat anak-anak merupakan generasi penerus dalam pembangunan sebuah bangsa. Kegagalan menangani anak jalanan sama artinya dengan membiarkan satu generasi yang hilang dalam mewujudkan kesinambungan pembangunan bangsa, sehingga diperlukan adanya penyelenggaraan kesejahteraan sosial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari secara intensif tentang kebijakan penanganan anak penyandang masalah kesejahteraan sosial Di Provinsi Lampung Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19. Hasil penelitian yaitu Model kebijakan penanggulangan anak jalanan yang dilaksanakan melalui model pendekatan berbasis panti sosial, model pendekatan berbasis keluarga, model pendekatan berbasis masyarakat dan model pendekatan berbasis semi panti sosial, telah dilakukan pemerintah Kota Bandar Lampung dan Kota Metro oleh pelaksana program dengan melibatkan beberapa instansi pemerintah dan swasta terkait dan masyarakat. Adapun faktor yang menghambat pelaksanaan program adalah Terbatasnya sumber daya manusia, Terbatasnya sarana dan prasarana, Sulitnya proses identifikasi, Sulitnya membina kesejahteraan penyandang sosial, minimnya tahap penyaluran ke keluarga.