bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Making the Best of It: Adapting to the Ambivalence of a Nursing Home Environment
Authors: Kahn David L.
Published: May 2004

This article is based on a 9-month ethnographic study of a nursing home for older Jewish people. In this article, the process that 21 key informants went through in adapting to the dual nature of the nursing home as institution and as home is examined. A widely used phrase, “making the best of it,” was used by informants and other residents of the nursing home to describe this process. Interpretive analysis of this emic phrase revealed four dimensions: (a) recognizing the ambivalence of their living environment and situation, (b) downplaying negative aspects of it, (c) having no other options, and (d) using their will to transcend and create a home.
Unexpected Findings of a Female Team in Xochimilco, Mexico
Authors: Martínez-Salgado Carolina
Published: May 2004

This is a reflection about the methodological circumstances that led the author to certain unexpected information during the course of a qualitative approach to the perception of health problems of a group of poor families in the south of Mexico City. Special attention is paid to the influence of the research team composition (four women with different professional backgrounds, ages, marital statuses, and styles of personal interaction) and the psychoanalytic technique that influenced the study. The inclusion of people of different ages, professions, and personality traits proved extremely valuable both as a means of widening the possibilities for empathetic relations between the research group and the population studied and for increasing the shades of meaning that the team was able to capture.
Research on Risk and Risk in Research: Theoretical and Practical Experiences from a Multidisciplinary Study on Cervical Cancer Screening in Urban Sweden
Authors: Tishelman Carol , Forss Anette , Sachs Lisbeth , Lundgren Eva-Lisa , Widmark Catarina , Törnberg Sven
Published: May 2004

This article describes a qualitative research project on secondary cancer prevention that was conducted using a multidisciplinary team and that was inspired by perspectives from feminist research and fourth-generation evaluation. A screening program for cervical cancer was investigated from the perspective of different stakeholders through a series of substudies using a variety of qualitative approaches, in order to have a broad basis for consideration and negotiation of improvements. The first sections of this article describe the theoretical and methodological basis for the project, which triangulates a variety of qualitative and quantitative research strategies, whereas the latter sections describe some of our experiences, positive and negative, as a research team (and thus also as stakeholders) in actually conducting the studies.
Defensive Mothering in HIV-Positive Mothers
Authors: Ingram Deborah , Hutchinson Sally A.
Published: May 2004

The grounded theory study discussed in this article provides an explanatory schema that illuminates the mothering experiences of women living with HIV infection. Eighteen HIV-positive mothers provided 24 in-depth interviews. The grounded theory method was used for data analysis. Defensive mothering was the basic social psychological process that these HIV-positive mothers used in response to their diagnosis and the inherent stigma. Their defensive posture afforded these mothers and their children some degree of psychological protection. Defensive mothering involved much mental work and included three subprocesses: preventing the spread of HIV, preparing the children for a motherless future, and protecting themselves through thought control.
Accounting for Presence of Self: Reflections on Doing Qualitative Research
Authors: Sword Wendy
Published: May 2004

In a qualitative study, the researcher’s curiosity, relationships with participants, and conceptual lenses through which data are gathered and interpreted have significant bearing on the research. This reflective account of the author’s experiences conducting a study of prenatal care use among low-income women reveals the necessarily personal nature of her work. She address some of her motives for carrying out the study, feelings that arose during interactions with participants and responses to those feelings, challenges in managing her role as researcher, and strategies to make meaning of gathered data. The author makes explicit how her self was a significant influence on the process of inquiry. Locating oneself in the research endeavor in this manner is essential for establishing a context within which others can appreciate the evolving search for new understanding and the creation of a final research product.
Bilingual Communicators within the Health Care Setting
Authors: Johnson Maree , Noble Cathy , Matthews Clair , Aguilar Naila
Published: May 2004

The communication challenges posed by diversity in consumers and health workers prompted these researchers to seek information about how bilingual staff use their language skills in patient encounters. Content analysis, using the NUD•IST (Nonnumerical Unstructured Data Indexing, Searching, and Theory-Building) program, of the transcripts from 18 focus groups (n = 81) has resulted in new notions about bilingualism. Four types of bilingual workers were defined within the Bilingual Health Communication Model, based on level of fluency (no fluency to complex verbalizer) and the context of the interaction (social engagement to complex health information transference). These forms of communicators were found to be active and purposeful in language skill clusters, language exchange programs, and individual bilingual worker roles (direct caregiver, communication facilitator or consultant, and cultural advocate or broker). Implementing the systems and roles proposed might transform the communication or indeed miscommunication patterns that are widespread in our health care systems.
Ethical and Methodological Issues in Evaluating a Perinatal Addiction Treatment Program with a Fluid Population
Authors: Nardi Deena A.
Published: May 2004

A naturalistic field study was used to evaluate a fluid sample population in an addiction treatment program. This article presents the methodological and ethical issues in program evaluation confronted by the author and the approaches developed to address them. Methodological issues include credibility and fittingness of instruments, lack of standardization of histories, replication, trust issues of subjects, attrition, client follow-up, and rapidly changing subject population. Ethical issues include informed consent, interpretation of data from a cultural bias-free perspective, and client follow-up. A semistructured interview schedule allowed for standardization of the questioning format and replication of data gathering. Triangulation of data enhanced validity and internal stability. A fluid sample frame can optimally reflect the population in the program under study if available resources are used effectively while protecting patient rights to privacy, confidentiality, and freedom from manipulation.
Women’s Midlife Experience of their Changing Bodies
Authors: Banister Elizabeth M.
Published: May 2004

The purpose of the ethnographic report described in this article is to discuss midlife women’s perceptions of their changing bodies within the Western cultural context and to provide a basis for health care with women. The narratives of 11 midlife women (ages 40-53) were obtained. Data were analyzed using Spradley’s (1979) Developmental Research Sequence Method. Results of the study indicate that women’s midlife experience of their changing bodies encompasses a broad spectrum, full of contradiction and change. Issues of loss, cultural influences that perpetuate ageism and sexism, lack of consistent information about menopause, questioning, redefining self, and self-care, all played a central role in the women’s lives during this time of transition.
Knowing What to Do: Coping with Sexual Violence by Male Intimates
Authors: Draucker Claire Burke
Published: May 2004

The purpose of the Heideggerian hermeneutical project, from which this article stems, was to describe women’s experience of sexual violence by male intimates. Ten women who had encountered sexual violence by a male they knew well were interviewed about the effects of that experience on their everyday lives. The women described “knowing what to do” to manage their lives by using practical, everyday activities to cope with the violence. Their narratives were interpreted according to the Heideggerian concept of understanding as know-how . For Heidegger, understanding is not a cognitive process; rather, it is an implicit “knowing how” to do what is appropriate in each situation. Professionals who work with women who have experienced intimate sexual violence should seek to understand the women’s intuitive understanding of what is possible and to appreciate the commonsense ways they cope with life in a violent world.
The Technology-Dependent Child and the Socially Marginalized Family: A Provisional Framework
Authors: Cohen Marsha H.
Published: May 2004

The aim of the grounded theory investigation described in this article was to begin to develop an explanatory model of the transition of technology-dependent children to home- and community-based care that would account for variation in process and outcome. To study the transition process prospectively, the investigation was initiated during discharge planning and continued for 1 year following discharge. Data sources included participant observation at discharge planning meetings; interviews with family caregivers, health professionals, and community informants; videotapes; conceptually relevant literature; and other published documents. Early findings indicate that family social status is a category that can account for significant variation both before and after discharge. Theoretical relationships between family social status and two of the emergent concepts, moral distress and social trajectory, are presented here.
Heartful Autoethnography
Authors: Ellis Carolyn
Published: May 2004

The author seeks to develop an ethnography that includes researchers’ vulnerable selves, emotions, bodies, and spirits; produces evocative stories that create the effect of reality; celebrates concrete experience and intimate detail; examines how human experience is endowed with meaning; is concerned with moral, ethical, and political consequences; encourages compassion and empathy; helps us know how to live and cope; features multiple voices and repositions readers and “subjects” as coparticipants in dialogue; seeks a fusion between social science and literature in which, as Gregory Bateson says, “you are partly blown by the winds of reality and partly an artist creating a composite out of the inner and outer events”; and connects the practices of social science with the living of life. In short, her goal is to extend ethnography to include the heart, the autobiographical, and the artistic text. This article provides a conversation with a student researching breast cancer that introduces issues in heartful autoethnography.
How to Ask for a Study in Qualitatisch
Authors: Agar Michael
Published: May 2004

This article summarizes a keynote lecture presented to the Advances in Qualitative Methods conference. The core problem is the following: A variety of research approaches are now summarized under the term qualitative , yet it is not clear what such approaches have in common. Four characteristics are offered that describe a prototype for what are here called “translation” studies: rich points, abductive logic, a puzzle-solving mode of analysis, and a complexity theory representation. The prototype includes, but is not limited by, the usual terms used to describe such research approaches, including the term qualitative itself. Three examples are offered to show how the prototype applies to public health intervention as well as research.
What We Didn’t Learn Because of Who Would Not Talk to Us
Authors: Groger Lisa , Mayberry Pamela S. , Straker Jane K.
Published: May 2004

Qualitative researchers relish the knowledge derived from multiple perspectives. They pride themselves on capturing the complexity of their informants’ experiences, they savor their ways of describing them, and they build models grounded in their narratives. Seldom do qualitative researchers ponder how their models might be different if those who refused to participate had talked to them. This article discusses sampling problems the authors encountered in a study of African American elders’ long-term care choices and preferences. They conducted 60 qualitative interviews with elders and caregivers of elders receiving one of three types of care: kin care, formal services, or nursing home care. Gatekeeper bias, refusals to participate, sampling frame, pragmatic constraints, and institutional barriers were major sources of sampling bias.
The Future of Grounded Theory
Authors: Glaser Barney G.
Published: May 2004

This keynote address does not detail a “wish list”; it is not an ideology. Rather, it is a grounded analysis of data from the author’s travels that indicates what the future of grounded theory is likely to be. The author discusses in whose hands the future of grounded theory appears to be as well as what accounts for its spread, its use, and its misuse.
Passionate Pleas for “Passion Please”: Teaching for Qualitative Research
Authors: Stark Sheila , Watson Katherine
Published: May 2004

This article traces how the language of the authors’ students jolted them into questioning their teaching of qualitative research. The authors discuss many of the inherent difficulties in trying to learn how to be a qualitative researcher as well as how to teach for qualitative research within a technical and academic structure. The authors argue that academic control of research has tamed desire and removed reality from everyday experience into a classroom conceived of and assessed by the maxims of modernity. Mindful of these constraints, the authors believe that there are things that can be done to disrupt the effects of disciplinary power, emphasizing an emotional engagement involving desire, passion, and eros when teaching and learning for qualitative research.
Living with Diabetes as a Transformational Experience
Authors: Paterson Barbara , Thorne Sally , Crawford John , Tarko Michel
Published: May 2004

The construct of transformation has been presented in many research studies as the epitome of living with a chronic illness. Because it has been inadequately defined, however, many other concepts (e.g., hope, meaning, control) are used in ways that suggest considerable overlap and correspondence with transformation. This article represents an attempt to explicate the structures and processes of transformation as they were revealed in a qualitative inquiry into the experience of individuals with Type I diabetes. In the accounts constructed with participants in this study, the process of personal transformation was significant in the attainment of healthy outcomes. The authors describe this transformation and examine its relationship to control and to the valued outcomes of intensified sense of self, meaning, and mastery.
Discourse Methods and Critical Practice in Professional Communication
Authors: Barton Ellen
Published: May 2004

A set of discourse-based methods—genre theory, genre analysis, and discourse analysis—can provide a descriptive basis for a critical analysis of the multiple connections between discourse practices and their underlying concepts and categories within professions. To illustrate this theoretical and methodological project, this article analyzes prognosis in the discourse of medicine. Using Goffman’s (1959) distinction between front-stage and back-stage discourse, the author suggests that a back-stage discourse of prognosis points to problems with prognosis in the front-stage discourse of medical encounters between oncologists and patients who have been diagnosed with cancer. The analysis shows that the oral genre of treatment discussion in oncology encounters is organized to allow practitioners to do, appear to do, or avoid doing difficult work like presenting a prognosis. The article suggests that discourse-based methods have the potential to become the basis for productive critical engagement between practitioners and researchers in professional communication.
Rhetorical Action in Professional Space
Authors: Salvo Michael J.
Published: May 2004

This article focuses on information architecture as a site for developing critical practice for technical communication. Such a focus suggests methods for rhetorical intervention aimed at democratizing the process of technocultural development. As a site of intervention, information architecture invites practitioners and academics to develop plans for action based on the analysis generated in descriptive research, completing the circuit from analysis to informed action.
Tracking Rapid HIV Testing Through the Cultural Circuit
Authors: Scott J. Blake
Published: May 2004

The cultural studies model of the cultural circuit can help students track the larger circulation and transformation of technical communication in order to ethically critique and respond to it. Applying the model to specific cases of technology and its accompanying documentation (in this case the OraQuick rapid HIV test) can illustrate for students the ethical necessity of extending the usual focus on production to distribution, marketing, interpretation, and use. Students can then channel this awareness to their own writing projects, taking action to ensure that these projects are responsive and empowering to those whom they affect.
Strategies for Online Critiquing of Student Assignments
Authors: Yohon Teresa , Zimmerman Don
Published: May 2004

Word processing programs now allow instructors to provide online personalized, detailed critiques of students’ writing assignments. The article discusses the advantages of online critiquing assignments using the Track Changes, Comment, and AutoCorrect functions. It provides guidelines for online critiquing and grading of student assignments, including preparing students for online grading, preparing for online critiquing, setting policies, orienting students to sending e-mail attachments, avoiding pitfalls, and developing time-saving strategies for online critiquing of student assignments.
The Complexity of Loss in Continuing Care Institutions for Older People: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Holman Cheryl , Meyer Julienne , Cotter Angela
Published: May 2004

This article analyzes the findings of a literature review undertaken on loss in continuing care institutions. It suggests that research undertaken in continuing care institutions, such as care homes, ignores the complexity and multiplicity of loss, depending on the methodological approach taken (e.g., qualitative field methods, survey research and intervention studies). It argues that different methodological approaches fragment and hide some aspect of loss in these settings. For instance, some methods capture the individual emotional component, while others focus solely on the social dynamic. This fragmentation and hiding of aspects of loss makes research findings of limited value to those working in practice. The article concludes that future studies need to be aware of these tendencies, in order to uncover new meanings of loss more appropriate to the continuing care setting.
Home is Where the Heart is: Relocation in Later Years
Authors: Renzenbrink Irene
Published: May 2004

The story of a ninety-year-old man's experience of relocation to a new home and the author's role in assisting him is used here as a vehicle for the exploration of key issues affecting the well-being of older people due to injury, illness, and frailty. Particular emphasis is given to the importance of challenging ageist attitudes and derogatory labels, of validating the older person's reactions to loss and change and of adopting an empowerment approach. The grief of leaving a place to which one has become attached, and the stresses for professional caregivers who feel torn between the needs of their clients and the policies and practices of their employing organization, are also discussed.
Old and Given up for Dying? Palliative Care Units in Nursing Homes
Authors: Husebø Bettina Sandgathe , Husebø Stein , Dahl Britt Hysing
Published: May 2004

The palliative unit at Bergen Red Cross Nursing Home opened in June 2000. In a prospective study, the authors investigated 196 patients admitted to the palliative care unit and 286 patients on the long-term wards. In Norway, 40% of the population dies in nursing homes. It is essential to develop good standards of palliative care for these patients. Palliative care units in nursing homes can provide excellent palliative care if they are given the competence and resources that are needed. Our patients on the long-term ward receive a high standard of palliative care, influenced by the competence and teaching programs of the palliative unit. This article aims to describe the challenges and tasks that should be focused on to ensure that old patients, no matter what their age or diagnosis, preserve their dignity and receive good palliative care during the final phase of their lives.
Impairment, Disability, and Loss: Reassessing the Rejection of Loss
Authors: Sapey Bob
Published: May 2004

Psychological theories of loss and grief, which suggest that people must go through stages such as shock, anger, denial, and despair before finally reaching a recovered stage of acceptance, have often been applied to understanding the experience of disability. However, this has also been firmly rejected within the U.K. disability studies literature, which draws on the experience of disabled people from a critical perspective. The result is not just a rejection of ways of understanding loss but a high level of caution in exploring disability from a psychological perspective. This article explores these debates and then considers if more recent theorizing about loss and grief has in any way addressed these criticisms. The disenfranchised grief, dual process, and meaning reconstruction models are each considered and questions are raised about their potential to contribute to disability studies.
Comfort and Healing: Death Ceremonies That Work
Authors: Weeks O. Duane
Published: May 2004

As North Americans appear to be rejecting formalized, traditional rituals, new or improved rituals must be devised for use in helping the bereaved grieve. This article suggests that helpful rituals may be separated into three categories: predeath, immediate postdeath, and long-term postdeath. Within these groupings, rituals are described that have proved beneficial to those who mourned. In addition, methods of designing and performing funerary (death) rituals are illustrated.
Surviving Cancer and Family Costs: Examining the Needs of Spouses
Authors: Case Patricia
Published: May 2004

Aggressive cancers are devastating diseases that leave fractured lives in their wake. Many of these cancers are treated with bone marrow transplantation (BMT), an option that can potentially cure one's cancer but may leave the patient with reduced functioning years after the cancer diagnosis ceases to be a threat. Most BMT research attention is focused on keeping the cancer patient alive. When the focus shifts to psychosocial inquiry, the patient remains at the center of studies as researchers work to determine how one recovers from life-threatening illnesses and how to reduce the long-term complications. When social supports are discussed, family and spouses tend to be viewed as a resource of support. Few studies have examined how the patient's treatment and recovery influence the life satisfaction of spouses and family members. This study addresses this gap by focusing on the quality of life of transplant spouses.
Death at the Crossroad: From Modern to Postmortem Consciousness
Authors: Lee Raymond L. M.
Published: May 2004

Modernity has generated a disenchanted attitude toward death but it has also produced conditions that force us to confront the meaning of death. Although troubled by the fear of death, we want to know whether the self ends with death and what comes after death. New sources of knowledge stemming from death and near-death research are changing our perceptions of dying and the survival of consciousness. Techniques of dying are being taught to mitigate our fear of death. We stand at a crossroad to seek out a new understanding of death and ipso facto of life itself.
Aging and Loss
Authors: Gilbert Richard B.
Published: May 2004

Aging bears its own meaning as it is reflected and interpreted by each individual. Because that individuality is often lost in the blurring of society and the assumptions (often not founded in facts) about older adults, assumptions become truths and the truths are often misunderstood or otherwise overlooked. Common to older adults, in varying degrees, is the presence of loss. Society often views aging as a loss. There are the cumulative effects of the deaths of loved ones and friends, workplace issues, health concerns, changes in social structure, spiritual concerns and loss of influence or a sense of presence to name a few. This article explores the many aspects of loss and how to more sensitively respond to the needs of those in search of information, reassurance, solace and support.
Everyday Compassion: Mr. Rogers and Käthe Kollwitz
Authors: Gajdos Kathleen Curzie
Published: May 2004

This article studies Mr. Rogers and Käthe Kollwitz, two lovers of humankind who conveyed their compassion through their artistry and ministry. How are they alike and how are they different in the way their actions are loving? Is there a common element in their life histories that lead them to compassionate living? What compelled these individuals to loving action? Furthermore, what can we learn from these individuals so that compassion can be fostered in ourselves and others?
Physiological and Psychological Correlates of Sleep in HIV Infection
Authors: Robbins Jennifer L. , Phillips Kenneth D. , Dudgeon Wesley D. , Hand Gregory A.
Published: May 2004

Insomnia, a common problem associated with HIV disease, is most likely caused by a multitude of factors. This study investigated the correlations between a selected group of physiological and psychological factors and sleep quality in an HIV-infected population. A convenience sample of 79 ethnically diverse HIV-positive adults, ages 24 to 63, completed a number of questionnaires and released their laboratory records for CD4+ cell count and viral load information. Variables significantly related to sleep quality were HIV-related symptoms, total pain, fatigue, depression, state anxiety, and the number of adults in the household. Findings support the need for health care providers to consider factors that contribute to impaired sleep when developing effective care for HIV-infected individuals with sleep disturbance.
Corporeality
Authors: Plach Sandra K. , Stevens Patricia E. , Moss Vicki A.
Published: May 2004

The purpose of this research report is to describe women’s experiences living with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Twenty women diagnosed with RA participated in semistructured interviews that were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Findings indicated that how women with RA experience life in their physical bodies is fundamentally important. Corporeality, the name we chose for this phenomenon, is quite literally being one’s body. This experience of the reality of being in or being of a body or corpus was central, not only to participants’ perceptions of well-being but also to the impact rheumatoid arthritis was having on their lives and the actions they took to contend with the illness. The authors identified three themes that described what corporeality was for women with RA: relating to a noncompliant body, body out of synch, and private body made public. These results are discussed in light of other research about embodied experience in persons living with chronic illness.
Injuries Sustained by Community-Dwelling Individuals With Dementia
Authors: Rowe Meredeth A. , Fehrenbach Nancy
Published: May 2004

As the percentage of individuals with dementia continues to increase in the American population, it is particularly important to understand and prevent conditions that may have an impact on the course of the disease. In this study, injuries that occurred in the home with a subsequent in-patient admission were studied using a medical record review. Ninety-six percent of individuals were injured as a result of a fall. The falls resulted in fractures in 61% of the subjects. Interestingly, 35% were admitted after only sustaining soft tissue injuries. Most subjects (65%) were discharged to an institutional setting instead of returning home. Clearly, fall prevention should be addressed in-depth when caring for individuals with dementia in the home to prevent early institutionalization.
Global Capitalism Meets National Spirit
Authors: Tienari Janne , Vaara Eero , Björkman Ingmar
Published: May 2004

In this article, the authors explore media coverage of a recent acquisition across national borders. Their starting point is that the media represent a key arena of “discursive strategizing” for actors such as corporate managers. They illustrate and specify how global capitalism, as discourse relying on economic and financial rationale and exemplified here by the acquiring firm’s attempts to expand, meets national spirit, exemplified here by the complexity in selling the acquisition target to foreigners. The main contribution of this study lies in identifying how key actors draw on and mobilize rationalistic and nationalistic discourses in public discussion. The analysis illustrates that the same actors can draw on different—even contradictory—discourses at different points in time. Furthermore, different actors—even with opposing objectives—may draw on the same discourse in legitimizing their positions and pursuing specific ends.
When Firms Fail to Learn
Authors: Wooten Lynn Perry , James Erika Hayes
Published: May 2004

Scholarly and anecdotal evidence suggests that despite an increasing tolerance for diversity among many Americans, workplace discrimination is on the rise. This article addresses the role that learning, or more specifically barriers to learning, plays in the perpetuation of discrimination. The authors use several organizationally based learning theories to illustrate ways in which firms may fail to learn how to manage diversity challenges effectively, such as a discrimination lawsuit. They conclude the article with two relatively successful learning situations involving the Georgia Power Corporation and the Denny’s restaurant chain, both of which have faced discrimination lawsuits in recent years. They use this discussion to highlight reactive versus reflective learning strategies and how each may lead to successful discrimination lawsuit resolution.
The “Transmutation” of the Organization:
Authors: Gull Gregory A. , Doh Jonathan
Published: May 2004

In this article, we review, integrate, and extend extant research on workplace spirituality. Despite an extensive set of critiques and criticisms offered by scholars and practitioners, most modern organizations remain devoid of a spiritual foundation and deny their employees the opportunity for spiritual expression through their work. We describe some of the perverse and damaging costs associated with continued absence of spiritual elements in the modern workplace and propose a “transmutation” of the workplace, built on the foundation of spiritual ideals. We also detail some of the potential benefits to managers, workers, and society of a spiritually oriented workplace and propose some concrete action that managers can take to advance such a change in workplace values. We advance the position that for spirit in the workplace to be fully realized, organizations must enable the unfolding of each individual through his or her participation in the work of the organization.
Team Effectiveness in Multinational Organizations
Authors: Gibson Cristina B. , Zellmer-Bruhn Mary E. , Schwab Donald P.
Published: May 2004

Incorporating team context into research and practice concerning team effectiveness in multinational organizations is an ongoing challenge. The authors argue that a common measure of team effectiveness with demonstrated equivalence across contexts expands current theoretical developments and addresses team implementation needs. To this end, the article describes methods, techniques, and results obtained in developing a comprehensive team effectiveness survey across six multinational organizations in four geographic regions. The authors discuss inductively deriving dimensions of effectiveness using interview data, translation procedures with innovative bilingual pilot testing, and multiple constituency validation. The study concludes with implications for future cross-cultural research on team effectiveness and beyond in other areas of international management.
Individual Differences and the Voice Effect
Authors: Avery Derek R. , Quiñones Miguel A.
Published: May 2004

This research assesses individual differences in value of voice and examines their impact on the voice–procedural fairness relationship. In Study 1, 184 full-time employees completed surveys including measures of perceived voice, organizational procedural fairness, and value of voice. The results indicated that employee’s value of voice moderated the relationship between perceived voice and procedural fairness. A second study was conducted in a laboratory setting where voice was experimentally manipulated. Ninety-eight undergraduates participated in a simulation exercise wherein they completed measures of perceived voice, procedural fairness, and value of voice. Again, value of voice moderated the voice-fairness relationship, suggesting that individual differences influence voice effects.
The Influence of Social and Work Exchange Relationships on Organizational Citizenship Behavior
Authors: Cardona Pablo , Lawrence Barbara S. , Bentler Peter M.
Published: May 2004

Previous studies explain situational antecedents of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) using social exchange theory. However, the effects of factors such as perceptions of job characteristics on OCB seem to require a different explanatory mechanism. This article proposes that these effects can be explained through a new exchange relationship called work exchange. A theory for the situational antecedents of OCB that includes economic, work, and social exchange relationships is developed. The theory is tested using structural equations.
Social Exchanges Within Organizations and Work Outcomes
Authors: Brandes Pamela , Dharwadkar Ravi , Wheatley Kathleen
Published: May 2004

Social exchange research has focused primarily on employee relationships with supervisors and with the organization to explain employee in-role and extra-role behaviors. This article extends the understanding of social exchange by exploring two additional exchanges (employee relationships with top management and with employees in other work areas) and examine all four social exchanges’ effects on work behaviors. It also extends notions of employee performance to include employee involvement in organizational improvement efforts. Data collected in a field study of 129 supervisor-subordinate dyads suggest that local (interpersonal exchanges with supervisors and colleagues in other work areas) and global (exchanges with top management and the organization)foci have different effects on work performance and that local social exchanges have a greater influence on work outcomes than global social exchanges.
Perceptions of Marriage Preparation among College-Educated Young Adults with Greater Family-Related Risks for Marital Disruption
Authors: Duncan Stephen F. , Wood Melissa M.
Published: May 2004

This study assessed levels of motivation to participate in marriage preparation and whether the manner in which marriage preparation programs are produced, priced, placed, or promoted needs to differ for those at greater family-related risks for marital disruption, with a sample of 964 college students. Although respondents with greater risks reported equal or greater motivation to participate in marriage preparation, they also had less optimism about marriage for themselves, which, in turn, negatively affected their motivation. Respondents had similar patterns of preferences for particular elements of marriage preparation programs, regardless of marital risk factors. Those with greater risks, however, rated parents and ministers as lower quality marriage information sources and were less interested in attending programs recommended by parents or ministers, led by clergy, and held in a religious setting, but were less deterred from participating if the leaders had less than "ideal" characteristics, such as being divorced themselves.
Couples Undergoing Infertility Treatment: Implications for Counselors
Authors: Savitz-Smith Jennifer
Published: May 2004

This review examines the current literature regarding infertility counseling as it applies to clinical practice. Although there have been several excellent studies and articles published within the past few years, including ones in this journal, the references to a case study here adds another dimension to the literature. The author describes a case of a couple who is referred to counseling by the clinic performing the in-vitro fertilization (IVF). Current issues that family counselors face such as reactions to infertility, differences between male and female reactions, parenting after successful IVF treatment, reactions to unsuccessful treatment, and the role of counseling and psychotherapy are discussed.
Confidentiality Issues when Minor Children Disclose Family Secrets in Family Counseling
Authors: McCurdy Kenneth G. , Murray Kenneth C.
Published: May 2004

The literature addressing ethical issues involved in the disclosure of family secrets in counseling has typically focused on secrets disclosed by adults, ignoring the ethical issues surrounding individual disclosure by minor children and confidentiality within the family counseling context. This article explores family secrets, confidentiality with minors, and breaching confidentiality. A case example of an individual session disclosure with a minor child is presented along with ethical considerations and practice recommendations.
The Full Resource Partnering Questionnaire (FRPQ)
Authors: Page Linda J. , Eckstein Daniel
Published: May 2004

Each of us has a perceived role perception that is like an actual job description. That is, our closest relationships can be seen as analogous to jobs that require certain behaviors. Similarly, we have expectations of our partners and/or family members. The purpose of the following article is to identify some of the most frequently reoccurring ways you and your partner and/or other family members interact within such relationships. The article begins with self-reflection questions and an opportunity to identify your priorities in your job as a partner or parent. The Full Resource Parenting Questionnaire (FRPQ) follows. Metaphors representing the main themes of the instrument will then be introduced. Based on these themes, you will first predict your expected scores, then you will tally, profile, and write your own reactions to the scores. A more extensive theoretical discussion follows. The article includes a series of self-reflection questions. A concluding next-step action plan is suggested to help you apply the concepts for a heightened and more conscious full resource approach to your perceived job description with your partner and/or current family relationships.
Work-Family Balance: Counseling Strategies to Optimize Health
Authors: Tennant Ginny Peterson , Sperry Len
Published: May 2004

This article both describes and demonstrates a brief counseling strategy for optimizing the overall health of three clients. Using the concept of positive spillover between the family domain and the work domain, a detailed health assessment, health status profiling, and a health resource enhancement strategy provided the vehicle to increase the client's work-family balance. The collaborative counseling strategy to optimize the clients' overall health seemed to increase the clients' desire to effect and maintain change in their lives. Additionally, the health status of key family members was positively and indirectly affected by this approach.
Using the Family Autobiography in School Counselor Preparation: An Introduction to a Systemic Perspective
Authors: Holcomb-Mccoy Cheryl
Published: May 2004

School counseling professionals are recognizing the need to address family issues as an intervention strategy with children. Counselor educators can assist school counselor trainees in understanding the family systems’perspective by using the family autobiography as a course requirement. This article presents a description of the family autobiography as it was used in a family theories course specifically designed for school counselor trainees. School counseling trainees’ (N = 32) evaluation of the family autobiography assignment are presented and discussed.
Counseling Gay and Lesbian Families: Theoretical Considerations
Authors: Adams Jennifer L. , Jaques Jodi D. , May Kathleen M.
Published: May 2004

There are an estimated 2 to 10 million gay and lesbian parents raising from 6 to 14 million children in the United States. Research has revealed few measurable differences between gay and lesbian families and heterosexual families. However, as a result of living in a homophobic and heterosexist society, gay and lesbian families face unique concerns. In this column, family counselors and therapists are challenged to consider whether the theoretical model that influences their work considers the broader social context and the impact that marginalization and discrimination may have on gay and lesbian families.
Ethical Responsibilities in Training Marriage and Family Counselors
Authors: Levitt Dana Heller
Published: May 2004

Graduate programs in marriage and family counseling must adhere to ethical codes and standards for training students. A question arises concerning the amount of specialized training that should be included within the larger counselor education discipline. This article addresses the standards for training and competence as set forth by the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs and the ethical codes of both the American Counseling Association and the International Association of Marriage and Family Counselors. Ethical considerations for training marriage and family counselors within counselor education programs are addressed, with recommendations for ensuring adequate preparation in a generalist curriculum.
A Death in the Family Brings Insight to a Family Counselor
Authors: Magnuson Sandy
Published: May 2004

This article features one segment of an intergenerational family counselor’s journey in understanding her own family. Her father’s death and the impending funeral became a wellspring for new understanding and recognition of family patterns.
Consideration of a Spiritual Role in Sex and Sex Therapy
Authors: Ullery Elizabeth K.
Published: May 2004

In spite of high levels of reported spirituality in the United States, spiritual issues are only beginning to be recognized as a therapeutic tool in sex therapy. This article provides background material for theological and clinical questions as they relate to individualized concepts of sex and sexual dysfunction. The complexity of human sexuality is compounded by the intricacy of human spirituality, yet they share common ground. An argument and corresponding guidelines are proposed for further exploration into incorporating spiritual belief systems into sex therapy.
The “Dance” of Communication: Counseling Families and Children with Asperger’s Syndrome
Authors: Lozzi-Toscano Bettina
Published: May 2004

Counselors are trained to deal with many issues within the realm of human experience; many specialize in helping families cope with a variety of internal and external stressors. However, counselors are seldom given all the tools to handle the myriad possible difficulties families may encounter. When counselors are asked to help families cope with a specific issue, they must take into account all of the individual member’s experience within that family and help facilitate change within the system. This “communication dance” continues in therapy until counselor and family develop appropriate strategies that work within that family’s structure. However, this dance can be difficult when neither the counselor nor the family understands what they are seeing. Such is the case when providing services for families with a child with Asperger’s syndrome. This article discusses the symptoms of Asperger’s and provides counselors with clinical strategies for working with families dealing with this disorder.
Using Medication and Psychotherapy to Optimize Treatment Outcomes for Difficult, Depressed Couples and Families
Authors: Sperry Len
Published: May 2004

Depression, including chronic depression, is a common presentation in couples therapy. When a marriage and family counselor finds a history of chronic depression in one or both partners, and there is little or no response to couples therapy, integrated treatment may be indicated, that is, a referral for medication evaluation and the utilization of specialized psychotherapeutic strategies. Unlike acute depression, chronic depression is extremely treatment resistant and inevitably requires a specialized mind-brain treatment, which this article describes.
Perspectives on Nonresidential Paternal Involvement and Grief: A Literature Review
Authors: Spillman Joseph A. , Deschamps Heidi S. , Crews Judith A.
Published: May 2004

This article reviews literature regarding nonresidential paternal involvement postdivorce. Attempts have been made to understand nonresidential fathers’ contact with their children from a variety of perspectives including level and quality, theoretical, sociocultural influences, legal, maternal, childhood, paternal, and paternal postdivorce grief. In most cases, the authors found elements of grief throughout the literature. However, current literature has not integrated these elements into a framework for understanding fathers’ postdivorce contact through a grief lens. Thus, this article explores the issue of familial and paternal grief and makes suggestions for future areas of research.
Confronting the Hierarchy of a Child-Focused Family: Implications for Family Counselors
Authors: Gold Joshua M. , Hartnett Lee
Published: May 2004

This article explores the professional counseling literature discussing clinical confrontation, especially with families, and presents a case study in which a child is the identified patient but in which the counselors seek to confront the hierarchy. An evaluation of that intervention is offered as well as suggestions for developing strengthfocused confrontations.
Perceptions of the Family Environment and Youth Behaviors: Alcohol-Abusing Runaway Adolescents and Their Primary Caretakers
Authors: Slesnick Natasha , Prestopnik Jillian L.
Published: May 2004

Research suggests family disturbance is highly correlated to adolescents running away from home. However, given methodological challenges, few studies assess parent report of the family situation and instead, rely primarily on adolescent self-report. This article reports the findings of parents’ and runaway adolescents’ reports on several behavioral dimensions. Substance-using runaway adolescents completed measures about their family environment and adolescent problem behaviors. Of 119 adolescents, 49 of their parents also completed measures at intake. Adolescents perceived a more negative family environment than did their parents, and parents rated their youth as having more externalizing problems than did the youth themselves. Findings are consonant with prior research showing a relationship between parental distress and child problems. Contrary to prior findings, this sample of parents did not report significant alcohol use, and there was no relationship between their use and their child’s use. Implications for future research and family therapy are discussed.