bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recent advances in drug delivery of celastrol for enhancing efficiency and reducing the toxicity
Authors: Sun Yuan , Wang Chengen , Li Xiaoguang , Lu Jun , Wang Maolin
Published: February 2024

Celastrol is a quinone methyl triterpenoid monomeric ingredient extracted from the root of Tripterygium wilfordii. Celastrol shows potential pharmacological activities in various diseases, which include inflammatory, obesity, cancer, and bacterial diseases. However, the application prospect of celastrol is largely limited by its low bioavailability, poor water solubility, and undesired off-target cytotoxicity. To address these problems, a number of drug delivery methods and technologies have been reported to enhance the efficiency and reduce the toxicity of celastrol. We classified the current drug delivery technologies into two parts. The direct chemical modification includes nucleic acid aptamer–celastrol conjugate, nucleic acid aptamer–dendrimer–celastrol conjugate, and glucolipid–celastrol conjugate. The indirect modification includes dendrimers, polymers, albumins, and vesicular carriers. The current technologies can covalently bond or encapsulate celastrol, which improves its selectivity. Here, we present a review that focalizes the recent advances of drug delivery strategies in enhancing the efficiency and reducing the toxicity of celastrol.
Revolutionizing physics: a comprehensive survey of machine learning applications
Authors: Suresh Rahul , Bishnoi Hardik , Kuklin Artem V. , Parikh Atharva , Molokeev Maxim , Harinarayanan R. , Gharat Sarvesh , Hiba P.
Published: February 2024

In the context of the 21st century and the fourth industrial revolution, the substantial proliferation of data has established it as a valuable resource, fostering enhanced computational capabilities across scientific disciplines, including physics. The integration of Machine Learning stands as a prominent solution to unravel the intricacies inherent to scientific data. While diverse machine learning algorithms find utility in various branches of physics, there exists a need for a systematic framework for the application of Machine Learning to the field. This review offers a comprehensive exploration of the fundamental principles and algorithms of Machine Learning, with a focus on their implementation within distinct domains of physics. The review delves into the contemporary trends of Machine Learning application in condensed matter physics, biophysics, astrophysics, material science, and addresses emerging challenges. The potential for Machine Learning to revolutionize the comprehension of intricate physical phenomena is underscored. Nevertheless, persisting challenges in the form of more efficient and precise algorithm development are acknowledged within this review.
Individually optimized estimation of energy expenditure in rescue workers using a tri-axial accelerometer and heart rate monitor
Authors: Ogata Hitomi , Negishi Yutaro , Koizumi Nao , Nagayama Hisashi , Kaneko Miki , Kiyono Ken , Omi Naomi
Published: February 2024

Objectives: This study aimed to provide an improved energy expenditure estimation for heavy-load physical labor using accelerometer data and heart rate (HR) measured by wearables and to support food preparation and supply management for disaster relief and rescue operations as an expedition team.

Methods: To achieve an individually optimized estimation for energy expenditure, a model equation parameter was determined based on the measurements of physical activity and HR during simulated rescue operations. The metabolic equivalent of task (MET), which was measured by using a tri-axial accelerometer and individual HR, was used, where two (minimum and maximum) or three (minimum, intermediate, and maximum) representative reference points were selected for each individual model fitting. In demonstrating the applicability of our approach in a realistic situation, accelerometer-based METs and HR of 30 males were measured using the tri-axial accelerometer and wearable HR during simulated rescue operations over 2 days.

Results: Data sets of 27 rescue operations (age:34.2 ± 7.5 years; body mass index (BMI):22.9 ± 1.5 kg/m2) were used for the energy expenditure estimation after excluding three rescue workers due to their activity type and insufficient HR measurement. Using the combined approach with a tri-axial accelerometer and HR, the total energy expenditure increased by 143% for two points and 133% for three points, compared with the estimated total energy expenditure using only the accelerometer-based method.

Conclusion: The use of wearables provided a reasonable estimation of energy expenditure for physical workers with heavy equipment. The application of our approach to disaster relief and rescue operations can provide important insights into nutrition and healthcare management.
Factors influencing fruit cracking: an environmental and agronomic perspective
Authors: La Spada Paolo , Dominguez Eva , Continella Alberto , Heredia Antonio , Gentile Alessandra
Published: February 2024

Fruit cracking, a widespread physiological disorder affecting various fruit crops and vegetables, has profound implications for fruit quality and marketability. This mini review delves into the multifaceted factors contributing to fruit cracking and emphasizes the pivotal roles of environmental and agronomic factors in its occurrence. Environmental variables such as temperature, relative humidity, and light exposure are explored as determinants factors influencing fruit cracking susceptibility. Furthermore, the significance of mineral nutrition and plant growth regulators in mitigating fruit cracking risk is elucidated, being calcium deficiency identified as a prominent variable in various fruit species. In recent years, precision farming and monitoring systems have emerged as valuable tools for managing environmental factors and optimizing fruit production. By meticulously tracking parameters such as temperature, humidity, soil moisture, and fruit skin temperature, growers can make informed decisions to prevent or alleviate fruit cracking. In conclusion, effective prevention of fruit cracking necessitates a comprehensive approach that encompasses both environmental and agronomic factors.
Cost-effectiveness of first-line versus second-line use of brigatinib followed by lorlatinib in patients with ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Liu Wenjie , Huo Gengwei , Chen Peng
Published: February 2024

Background

The ALTA-1 L trial and EXP-3B arm of NCT01970865 trial found that both brigatinib and lorlatinib showed durable and robust responses in treating ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. However, brigatinib and lorlatinib treatments are costly and need indefinite administration until the disease progression. Thus, it remains uncertain whether using brigatinib followed by lorlatinib before chemotherapy is cost-effective compared to reserving these two drugs until progression after chemotherapy.

Methods

We used a Markov model to assess clinical outcomes and healthcare costs of treating ALK-positive NSCLC individuals with brigatinib followed by lorlatinib before chemotherapy versus a strategy of reserving these drugs until progression after chemotherapy. Transition probabilities were estimated using parametric survival modeling based on multiple clinical trials. The drug acquisition costs, adverse events costs, administration costs were extracted from published studies before and publicly available data. We calculated lifetime direct healthcare costs, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios from the perspective of a United States payer.

Results

Our base-case analysis indicated that the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios of using first-line brigatinib followed by lorlatinib compared with second-line brigatinib followed by lorlatinib is $-400,722.09/QALY which meant that second-line brigatinib followed by lorlatinib had less costs and better outcomes. Univariate sensitivity analysis indicated the results were most sensitive to the cost of brigatinib. Probability sensitivity analysis revealed that using brigatinib followed by lorlatinib before chemotherapy had a 0% probability of cost-effectiveness versus delaying these two drugs until progression after chemotherapy at a willingness-to-pay threshold of $150,000 per QALY. Sensitivity analyses conducted revealed the robustness of this result, as incremental cost-effectiveness ratios never exceeded the willingness-to-pay threshold.

Conclusion

Using brigatinib as first-line treatment followed by lorlatinib for ALK-positive NSCLC may not be cost-effective given current pricing from the perspective of a United States payer. Delaying brigatinib followed by lorlatinib until subsequent lines of treatment may be a reasonable strategy that could limit healthcare costs without affecting clinical outcomes. More mature data are needed to better estimate cost-effectiveness in this setting.
Greenspace, stress, and health: how is epigenetics involved?
Authors: Nwanaji-Enwerem Ugoji , McGeary John E. , Grigsby-Toussaint Diana S.
Published: February 2024

Most expositions of the association between green space and overall health and well-being focus on psychosocial mechanisms. However, discussions of the biological underpinnings of the exposure to green space and health implications are limited. In this paper, we highlight the role epigenetics plays in the manifestation or suppression of stress, in addition to some of the proposed epigenetic mechanisms through which green space mitigates stress. The Health: Epigenetics, Greenspace and Stress (HEGS) model is introduced to explicate this association, and suggestions for research to build the evidence base in this area are discussed.
Oral HPV-associated dysplasia: is koilocytic dysplasia a separate entity?
Authors: Anaya-Saavedra Gabriela , Vázquez-Garduño Marcela
Published: February 2024

Oral epithelial dysplasia associated with high-risk HPV infection has received different names since its initial description, such as oral Bowenoid lesions, HPV-associated intraepithelial neoplasia, and oral koilocytic dysplasia. Some features, identified in more or less quantity in some of the descriptions, like apoptotic keratinocytes, karyorrhexis, and mitosoid figures, are intricately connected to viral transcriptional status and, consequently, viral load. Since the variety in terminology has introduced diagnostic confusion within medical and research communities, establishing a uniform and standardized approach to diagnosing HPV-oral epithelial dysplasia is crucial for accurate and early diagnoses and holds significant implications for patient outcomes, particularly in high-risk individuals.
Rethinking the MBA through Hip Hop innovation and Hip Hop innovators: Fat Joe and DJ Khaled pair with two sport × entertainment faculty
Authors: Harrison C. Keith , Saunders Reggie , Griffin Whitney , Bukstein Scott , Porter Jeffrey , Martin Brandon
Published: February 2024

Theory without relevance for practice in a professional graduate degree has been critiqued by some scholars as a deficit approach when preparing MBA students for the workforce. Scholars and practitioners alike call for more pedagogy in the curriculum with a focus on innovation, creativity, and the involvement of industry practitioners. This paper serves as a case study of a moment in time on Monday, 14 June 2021, when the concept of “pracademics” was realized between two artists and two faculty. Following the transcription of the dialogue between two guest speakers from the Hip Hop world (i.e., Fat Joe and DJ Khaled) and two faculty from the sport management MBA program, the paper analyzes the deeper meaning of their intellectual presence with their expertise in the business of culture (i.e., Hip Hop). Findings reveal how the pairing of Hip Hop artists and faculty in an MBA program can address the innovation gap within global business curricula and models. The broader umbrella of pedagogy and application has implications for other academic disciplines to embrace this concept of pairing academics and industry practitioners.
Fecal microbiota characterization of an Italian local horse breed
Authors: Carrillo Heredero Alicia Maria , Sabbioni Alberto , Asti Vittoria , Ablondi Michela , Summer Andrea , Bertini Simone
Published: February 2024

The Bardigiano horse is a traditional native Italian breed with a rich history and peculiar characteristics. Local breeds are proven to have unique genetic traits developed over generations to adapt to defined geographical regions and/or conditions. The specific microbial communities that coexist within these animals are unraveled by studying their microbiota, which permits a further step in the characterization of local heritage. This work aimed to characterize Bardigiano horse fecal microbiota composition. The data obtained were then compared with published data of a mix of athlete breeds to evaluate potential differences among local and specialized breeds. The study involved 11 Bardigiano mares between 3 and 4 years of age, from which stool was sampled for the study. Samples were processed for 16S rRNA sequencing. Data obtained were analyzed and plotted using R, RStudio, and FastTree software. The samples analyzed were similar to what literature has reported on horses of other breeds and attitudes at higher taxonomic levels (from phylum to genera). While at lower taxonomic levels, the difference was more marked highlighting specific families found in the Bardigiano breed only. Weight, province of origin, and breeding sites significantly affected microbiota composition (p-value ≤0.02, p-value ≤0.04, and p-value ≤0.05, respectively). The comparison with athlete breed showed a significant difference confirming that animal and environmental factors are crucial in determining fecal microbiota composition (p-value <0.001). Understanding the microbiota composition in local breeds like the Bardigiano horse is crucial for preserving biodiversity, managing animal health, and promoting sustainable farming practices.
Detection of spondylosis deformans in thoracolumbar and lumbar lateral X-ray images of dogs using a deep learning network
Authors: Park Junseol , Cho Hyunwoo , Ji Yewon , Lee Kichang , Yoon Hakyoung
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Spondylosis deformans is a non-inflammatory osteophytic reaction that develops to re-establish the stability of weakened joints between intervertebral discs. However, assessing these changes using radiography is subjective and difficult. In human medicine, attempts have been made to use artificial intelligence to accurately diagnose difficult and ambiguous diseases in medical imaging. Deep learning, a form of artificial intelligence, is most commonly used in medical imaging data analysis. It is a technique that utilizes neural networks to self-learn and extract features from data to diagnose diseases. However, no deep learning model has been developed to detect vertebral diseases in canine thoracolumbar and lumbar lateral X-ray images. Therefore, this study aimed to establish a segmentation model that automatically recognizes the vertebral body and spondylosis deformans in the thoracolumbar and lumbar lateral radiographs of dogs.

Methods

A total of 265 thoracolumbar and lumbar lateral radiographic images from 162 dogs were used to develop and evaluate the deep learning model based on the attention U-Net algorithm to segment the vertebral body and detect spondylosis deformans.

Results

When comparing the ability of the deep learning model and veterinary clinicians to recognize spondylosis deformans in the test dataset, the kappa value was 0.839, indicating an almost perfect agreement.

Conclusions

The deep learning model developed in this study is expected to automatically detect spondylosis deformans on thoracolumbar and lumbar lateral radiographs of dogs, helping to quickly and accurately identify unstable intervertebral disc space sites. Furthermore, the segmentation model developed in this study is expected to be useful for developing models that automatically recognize various vertebral and disc diseases.
Proportion of At-Risk Alcohol Consumers According to the New French Guidelines: Cross-Sectional Weighted Analyses From the CONSTANCES Cohort
Authors: El Haddad Rita , Renuy Adeline , Wiernik Emmanuel , Melchior Maria , Zins Marie , Airagnes Guillaume
Published: February 2024

Objective: To estimate the proportion of the participants of the French national population-based CONSTANCES cohort exceeding the new low-risk drinking guidelines according to sociodemographic and clinical factors.

Methods: From 34,470 participants with follow-up data in 2019, among volunteers aged 18–69 years and invited to enroll in the CONSTANCES cohort in 2016 and 2017, weighted prevalence and odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CI) exceeding the guidelines using logistic regressions were presented stratified for age, gender, education, occupational grade, employment, income, marital status, pregnancy, work stress, depression, alcohol dependence, binge drinking, cannabis use, smoking status, e-cigarette use, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer.

Results: The guidelines were exceeded more by men at 60.2% (95%CI: 59.3%–61.0%) than by women at 36.6% (95%CI: 35.9%–37.4%). Exceeding the guidelines increased with age, socioeconomic status, smoking, vaping, using cannabis, binge drinking, and alcohol dependence. Being depressed was associated with exceeding the guidelines in women. Even though pregnant women were less likely to exceed the guidelines, 7.6% (95%CI: 5.4%–10.6%) were at-risk drinkers.

Conclusion: These findings highlight the need to implement effective prevention measures for at-risk alcohol use among the French population.
Engineering Fastest Control: A New Process Control Method for Thermal Power Units
Authors: Shi Shangyao , Chen Jiayu , Li Jun , Liu Jiahao , Wang Ziyi , Li Zhiru , Chen Pengyun , Li Lizhou
Published: February 2024

The intermittent and volatile nature of wind power generation necessitates thermal power units to provide deep-peak shaving and fast frequency regulation services within the same grid. However, the current proportional integral differential (PID) control performance in the process control foundation of thermal power units falls short of meeting these requirements. Despite the lack of comprehensive research on engineering fastest control (EFC), this article aims to address this gap by studying and analyzing the mechanism and physical defects of the fast tracking filter (FTF), the output tracking input characteristics of EFTF reconstructed by FTF engineering, and the control performance of the constructed EFC. Through mathematical calculation analysis, simulation experiments, and real-world engineering practice, it is concluded that EFC surpasses the limitations of PID control performance and effectively enhances feedback control performance. As a result, it is deemed suitable for process control in thermal power units.
A Practical Framework for Developing Net-Zero Electricity Mix Scenarios: A Case Study of South Korea
Authors: Min Changgi , Kim Heejin
Published: February 2024

This paper proposes a practical framework for developing a net-zero electricity mix scenario (NEMS), which considers detailed conditions for supply of each energy. NEMS means a path scenario for power generation amount by year of each generation resource required to achieve carbon neutrality in 2050. NEMS framework refers to a methodological framework that contains procedures and requirements to continuously update the NEMS by comprehensively reflecting policy changes. For evaluation of NEMS, indicators such as a system inertia resource ratio (SIRR) and a fuel conversion rate (FCR) are proposed. The proposed framework and indicators are applied for the 2050 NEMS in Korea’s electricity sector. The SIRR, indicating the ratio of inertial resources to total resources, projects values of 49% and 15% for the years 2030 and 2050, respectively. Furthermore, the FCR, reflecting the ratio of fuel conversion for resources undergoing this process, predicts that all targeted resources will have completed conversion by the year 2043.
Genomic Surveillance Uncovers a 10-Year Persistence of an OXA-24/40 Acinetobacter baumannii Clone in a Tertiary Hospital in Northern Spain
Authors: Aranzamendi Maitane , Xanthopoulou Kyriaki , Sánchez-Urtaza Sandra , Burgwinkel Tessa , Arazo del Pino Rocío , Lucaßen Kai , Pérez-Vázquez M. , Oteo-Iglesias Jesús , Sota Mercedes , Marimón Jose María , Seifert Harald , Higgins Paul G. , Gallego Lucía
Published: February 2024

Infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii are a global threat causing a high number of fatal infections. This microorganism can also easily acquire antibiotic resistance determinants, making the treatment of infections a big challenge, and has the ability to persist in the hospital environment under a wide range of conditions. The objective of this work was to study the molecular epidemiology and genetic characteristics of two blaOXA24/40 Acinetobacter baumannii outbreaks (2009 and 2020-21) at a tertiary hospital in Northern Spain. Thirty-six isolates were investigated and genotypically screened by Whole Genome Sequencing to analyse the resistome and virulome. Isolates were resistant to carbapenems, aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones. Multi-Locus Sequence Typing analysis identified that Outbreak 1 was mainly produced by isolates belonging to ST3Pas/ST106Oxf (IC3) containing blaOXA24/40, blaOXA71 and blaADC119. Outbreak 2 isolates were exclusively ST2Pas/ST801Oxf (IC2) blaOXA24/40, blaOXA66 and blaADC30, the same genotype seen in two isolates from 2009. Virulome analysis showed that IC2 isolates contained genes for capsular polysaccharide KL32 and lipooligosacharide OCL5. A 8.9 Kb plasmid encoding the blaOXA24/40 gene was common in all isolates. The persistance over time of a virulent IC2 clone highlights the need of active surveillance to control its spread.
Alterations in KIDINS220/ARMS Expression Impact Sensory Processing and Social Behavior in Adult Mice
Authors: Albini Martina , Almacellas-Barbanoj Amanda , Krawczun-Rygmaczewska Alicja , Ciano Lorenzo , Benfenati Fabio , Michetti Caterina , Cesca Fabrizia
Published: February 2024

Kinase D-interacting substrate of 220 kDa (Kidins220) is a transmembrane protein that participates in neural cell survival, maturation, and plasticity. Mutations in the human KIDINS220 gene are associated with a neurodevelopmental disorder (‘SINO’ syndrome) characterized by spastic paraplegia, intellectual disability, and in some cases, autism spectrum disorder. To better understand the pathophysiology of KIDINS220-linked pathologies, in this study, we assessed the sensory processing and social behavior of transgenic mouse lines with reduced Kidins220 expression: the CaMKII-driven conditional knockout (cKO) line, lacking Kidins220 in adult forebrain excitatory neurons, and the Kidins220floxed line, expressing constitutively lower protein levels. We show that alterations in Kidins220 expression levels and its splicing pattern cause impaired response to both auditory and olfactory stimuli. Both transgenic lines show impaired startle response to high intensity sounds, with preserved pre-pulsed inhibition, and strongly reduced social odor recognition. In the Kidins220floxed line, olfactory alterations are associated with deficits in social memory and increased aggressive behavior. Our results broaden our knowledge of the SINO syndrome; understanding sensory information processing and its deviations under neuropathological conditions is crucial for devising future therapeutic strategies to enhance the quality of life of affected individuals.
Exploration of the Delivery of Oncolytic Newcastle Disease Virus by Gelatin Methacryloyl Microneedles
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Na Jintong , Liu Xiyu , He Jian
Published: February 2024

Oncolytic Newcastle disease virus is a new type of cancer immunotherapy drug. This paper proposes a scheme for delivering oncolytic viruses using hydrogel microneedles. Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) was synthesized by chemical grafting, and GelMA microneedles encapsulating oncolytic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) were prepared by micro-molding and photocrosslinking. The release and expression of NDV were tested by immunofluorescence and hemagglutination experiments. The experiments proved that GelMA was successfully synthesized and had hydrogel characteristics. NDV was evenly dispersed in the allantoic fluid without agglomeration, showing a characteristic virus morphology. NDV particle size was 257.4 ± 1.4 nm, zeta potential was −13.8 ± 0.5 mV, virus titer TCID50 was 107.5/mL, and PFU was 2 × 107/mL, which had a selective killing effect on human liver cancer cells in a dose and time-dependent manner. The NDV@GelMA microneedles were arranged in an orderly cone array, with uniform height and complete needle shape. The distribution of virus-like particles was observed on the surface. GelMA microneedles could successfully penetrate 5% agarose gel and nude mouse skin. Optimal preparation conditions were freeze-drying. We successfully prepared GelMA hydrogel microneedles containing NDV, which could effectively encapsulate NDV but did not detect the release of NDV.
Characterization of hFOB 1.19 Cell Line for Studying Zn-Based Degradable Metallic Biomaterials
Authors: Jablonská Eva , Mrázková Lucie , Kubásek Jiří , Vojtěch Dalibor , Paulin Irena , Ruml Tomáš , Lipov Jan
Published: February 2024

In vitro testing is the first important step in the development of new biomaterials. The human fetal osteoblast cell line hFOB 1.19 is a very promising cell model; however, there are vast discrepancies in cultivation protocols, especially in the cultivation temperature and the presence of the selection reagent, geneticin (G418). We intended to use hFOB 1.19 for the testing of Zn-based degradable metallic materials. However, the sensitivity of hFOB 1.19 to zinc ions has not yet been studied. Therefore, we compared the toxicity of zinc towards hFOB 1.19 under different conditions and compared it with that of the L929 mouse fibroblast cell line. We also tested the cytotoxicity of three types of Zn-based biomaterials in two types of media. The presence of G418 used as a selection reagent decreased the sensitivity of hFOB 1.19 to Zn2+. hFOB 1.19 cell line was more sensitive to Zn2+ at elevated (restrictive) temperatures. hFOB 1.19 cell line was less sensitive to Zn2+ than L929 cell line (both as ZnCl2 and extracts of alloys). Therefore, the appropriate cultivation conditions of hFOB 1.19 during biomaterial testing should be chosen with caution.
Cellulose/Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) Composites as a Sustainable Bio-Based Feedstock to 3D-Printing Applications
Authors: D’Arienzo Lucia , Acierno Stefano , Patti Antonella , Di Maio Luciano
Published: February 2024

In this work, we have studied the potential application for 3D-printing of a polymer made from combining a biodegradable and biocompatible polymer (i.e., polyhydroxybutyrate, PHB) with natural bio-based fiber (i.e., cellulose). To this end, a masterbatch at 15 wt.% in filler content was prepared by melt-blending, and then this system was “diluted” with pure PHB in a second extrusion phase in order to produce filaments at 1.5 and 3 wt.% of cellulose. For comparison, a filament made of 100% virgin PHB pellets was prepared under the same conditions. All the systems were then processed in the 3D-printer apparatus, and specimens were mainly characterized by static (tensile and flexural testing) and dynamic mechanical analysis. Thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, spectroscopic measurements, and morphological aspects of PHB polymer and composites were also discussed. The results showed a significant negative impact of the process on the mechanical properties of the basic PHB with a reduction in both tensile and flexural mechanical properties. The PHB–cellulose composites showed a good dispersion filler in the matrix but a poor interfacial adhesion between the two phases. Furthermore, the cellulose had no effect on the melting behavior and the crystallinity of the polymer. The addition of cellulose improved the thermal stability of the polymer and minimized the negative impact of extrusion. The mechanical performance of the composites was found to be higher compared to the corresponding (processed) polymer.
Obesity-Specific Considerations for Assessing Gait with Inertial Measurement Unit-Based vs. Optokinetic Motion Capture
Authors: Rekant Julie , Rothenberger Scott , Chambers April
Published: February 2024

Adults with obesity experience high rates of disability and rapid functional decline. Identifying movement dysfunction early can direct intervention and disrupt disability development; however, subtle changes in movement are difficult to detect with the naked eye. This study evaluated how a portable, inertial measurement unit (IMU)-based motion capture system compares to a laboratory-based optokinetic motion capture (OMC) system for evaluating gait kinematics in adults with obesity. Ten adults with obesity performed overground walking while equipped with the OMC and IMU systems. Fifteen gait cycles for each participant were extracted for the 150 total cycles analyzed. Kinematics were compared between OMC and IMU across the gait cycles (coefficient of multiple correlations), at clinically significant time points (interclass correlations), and over clinically relevant ranges (Bland–Altman plots). Sagittal plane kinematics were most similar between systems, especially at the knee. Sagittal plane joint angles at clinically meaningful timepoints were poorly associated except for ankle dorsiflexion at heel strike (ρ = 0.38) and minimum angle (ρ = 0.83). All motions except for ankle dorsiflexion and hip abduction had >5° difference between systems across the range of angles measured. While IMU-based motion capture shows promise for detecting subtle gait changes in adults with obesity, more work is needed before this method can replace traditional OMC. Future work should explore standardization procedures to improve consistency of IMU motion capture performance.
Automatic Tracking Based on Weighted Fusion Back Propagation in UWB for IoT Devices
Authors: Zhang Boliang , Shen Lu , Yao Jiahua , Wang Tenglong , Tang Su-Kit , Mirri Silvia
Published: February 2024

The global population is progressively entering an aging phase, with population aging likely to emerge as one of the most-significant social trends of the 21st Century, impacting nearly all societal domains. Addressing the challenge of assisting vulnerable groups such as the elderly and disabled in carrying or transporting objects has become a critical issue in this field. We developed a mobile Internet of Things (IoT) device leveraging Ultra-Wideband (UWB) technology in this context. This research directly benefits vulnerable groups, including the elderly, disabled individuals, pregnant women, and children. Additionally, it provides valuable references for decision-makers, engineers, and researchers to address real-world challenges. The focus of this research is on implementing UWB technology for precise mobile IoT device localization and following, while integrating an autonomous following system, a robotic arm system, an ultrasonic obstacle-avoidance system, and an automatic leveling control system into a comprehensive experimental platform. To counteract the potential UWB signal fluctuations and high noise interference in complex environments, we propose a hybrid filtering-weighted fusion back propagation (HFWF-BP) neural network localization algorithm. This algorithm combines the characteristics of Gaussian, median, and mean filtering, utilizing a weighted fusion back propagation (WF-BP) neural network, and, ultimately, employs the Chan algorithm to achieve optimal estimation values. Through deployment and experimentation on the device, the proposed algorithm’s data preprocessing effectively eliminates errors under multi-factor interference, significantly enhancing the precision and anti-interference capabilities of the localization and following processes.
Theoretical Analysis of GeSn Quantum Dots for Photodetection Applications
Authors: Lin Pin-Hao , Ghosh Soumava , Chang Guo-En
Published: February 2024

GeSn alloys have recently emerged as complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible materials for optoelectronic applications. Although various photonic devices based on GeSn thin films have been developed, low-dimensional GeSn quantum structures with improved efficiencies hold great promise for optoelectronic applications. This study theoretically analyses Ge-capped GeSn pyramid quantum dots (QDs) on Ge substrates to explore their potential for such applications. Theoretical models are presented to calculate the effects of the Sn content and the sizes of the GeSn QDs on the strain distributions caused by lattice mismatch, the band structures, transition energies, wavefunctions of confined electrons and holes, and transition probabilities. The bandgap energies of the GeSn QDs decrease with the increasing Sn content, leading to higher band offsets and improved carrier confinement, in addition to electron–hole wavefunction overlap. The GeSn QDs on the Ge substrate provide crucial type–I alignment, but with a limited band offset, thereby decreasing carrier confinement. However, the GeSn QDs on the Ge substrate show a direct bandgap at higher Sn compositions and exhibit a ground-state transition energy of ~0.8 eV, rendering this system suitable for applications in the telecommunication window (1550 nm). These results provide important insights into the practical feasibility of GeSn QD systems for optoelectronic applications.
Real-Time Moving Object Tracking on Smartphone Using Cradle Head Servo Motor
Authors: Han Neunggyu , Ryu Sun Joo , Nam Yunyoung
Published: February 2024

The increasing demand for artificially intelligent smartphone cradles has prompted the need for real-time moving object detection. Real-time moving object tracking requires the development of algorithms for instant tracking analysis without delays. In particular, developing a system for smartphones should consider different operating systems and software development environments. Issues in current real-time moving object tracking systems arise when small and large objects coexist, causing the algorithm to prioritize larger objects or struggle with consistent tracking across varying scales. Fast object motion further complicates accurate tracking and leads to potential errors and misidentification. To address these issues, we propose a deep learning-based real-time moving object tracking system which provides an accuracy priority mode and a speed priority mode. The accuracy priority mode achieves a balance between the high accuracy and speed required in the smartphone environment. The speed priority mode optimizes the speed of inference to track fast-moving objects. The accuracy priority mode incorporates CSPNet with ResNet to maintain high accuracy, whereas the speed priority mode simplifies the complexity of the convolutional layer while maintaining accuracy. In our experiments, we evaluated both modes in terms of accuracy and speed.
The experience of zemstvo and Soviet medicine for modern domestic healthcare
Authors:   Moscow City Pedagogical University, Moscow, Russia, Denisov L. A. ,   Academy of Postgraduate Education of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution FNCC FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
Published: February 2024

This article deals with the long process of formation of domestic medicine, starting with the revolutionary transformations during the zemstvo reforms; its further development in young Soviet Russia was called the Semashkin model of healthcare and the period of the first epidemiological revolution, on the basis of which Western scientists built their theory of the second epidemiological revolution.
Incomplete maternal family as an object of social work
Authors:   Department of Social Work and Psychological and Pedagogical Education Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University, Ispulova S. N. , Makarenko E. A. ,   Department of Social Work and Psychological and Pedagogical Education Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University
Published: February 2024

The authors examined the reasons for the emergence of single-parent families, including: divorce of a married couple; transformation of the reproductive function of the family; death of the children’s father; changes in moral standards in the field of gender relations; the spread of premarital affairs; unpreparedness of young people for marriage and excessive demands on their marriage partner. Classifications of single-parent families by number of generations are presented; the actual presence or absence of a second parent; form of institution. Social work technologies that can be used to effectively solve social problems of single-parent families are considered: technologies of social patronage, counseling, social prevention, correction, therapy and mentoring technology. An important condition for the successful exit of an incomplete maternal family from a difficult life situation is the readiness of family members to implement the recommendations of a social work specialist and the personal interest of clients in improving the quality of life.
Sociological approaches to the study of the problem of cyberbullying among young people
Authors:   Department of Social Work Ufa University of Science and Technology, Bolshakova N. L. , Sharipova E. R. ,   Department of Social Work Ufa University of Science and Technology
Published: February 2024

This scientific article analyzes sociological approaches to the problem of cyberbullying in the youth environment. It is noted that there are many approaches to the problem of cyberbullying, but only a set of approaches will make it possible to effectively combat this problem of online violence. Thus, the development of AIbased social technology is proposed to effectively prevent cyberbullying in society.
The influence of K. D. Ushinsky on the development of the practice of social pedagogy and social work
Authors:   Department of Social Psychology and Social Work S. A. Yesenin Russian State University, Kryuchkova I. M.
Published: February 2024

This article is a brief overview of the professional activities of the great teacher and scientist K. D. Ushinsky in educational institutions, with which his labor activity as a reformer in education is connected. The author in his work repeats the well-known facts about his pedagogical work in the Yaroslavl Demidov Law Lyceum, the Gatchina Orphanage and the Smolny Institute for Noble Maidens. The emphasis is on the characterization of the transformations in the system of upbringing and education of that time, which affect precisely the social component of this process. In the article, the author compares the changes that were carried out by K. D. Ushinsky, with the modern practice of social work with children and adolescents in the context of social upbringing and education. The author summarizes his thoughts by concluding that the ideas of K. D. Ushinsky, which appeared more than a century and a half ago, are of great interest to modern social specialists working with the population. The classical pedagogical heritage of the Russian scientist opens up rich opportunities for intensifying social and pedagogical activities with students today, including in the practice of psychosocial work with the population.
The Crimean factor in the new world order
Authors:   Council of Ministers of the Republic of Crimea, Muradov G. L.
Published: February 2024

The article highlights the importance of the events that took place in Crimea in 2014 and were called the "Crimean Spring". It is noted that historically, civilizationally and ethnically, the population of Crimea is part of the Russian world, and awareness of these facts, in the author's opinion, will serve the interests of establishing in the world Russia's special attractiveness for many peoples who want to ensure their historical survival by following along with our country and not turning into countries of non-traditional civilization orientations.
Review on Energy Harvesting from Wind-Induced Column Vibrations: Theories, Mechanisms, and Applications
Authors:   University of Dhi-Qar, H. Ateea Mustafa , J. Abid Haider ,   University of Dhi-Qar
Published: February 2024

This paper presents an extensive review of energy harvesting from the column vibrations of wind turbines under the influence of wind. The study investigates the underlying theories, mechanisms, and potential applications of such a system. By tapping into the vibrational energy otherwise dissipated in wind turbines, the study proposes an innovative approach to enhance renewable energy generation. Furthermore, the potential benefits of the technology, such as powering remote sensors, vibration damping, structural health monitoring, and increasing wind turbine efficiency and lifespan, are discussed. While the study acknowledges the promise of such an approach, it also emphasizes the need for further research to optimize and integrate these systems effectively into the renewable energy landscape.
Nota editorial - A la memoria de Jairo Urrea Henao
Authors: Fisgativa Carlos Mario
Published: February 2024

Este número de la revista Disertaciones se presenta como un homenaje en memoria del profesor Jairo Urrea Henao. Nuestra portada lo presenta sentado en las inmediaciones del espacio de arte y memoria “Fragmentos” del Museo Nacional en Bogotá, un contra-monumento a la memoria de las victimas del conflicto en Colombia. Agradecemos a María Teresa Cruz Restrepo por su gentileza al aportarnos la fotografía que ella misma tomara de su compañero de vida.

Incluso en diciembre del año 2020 contamos con la compañía de Jairo. Gracias a las mediaciones tecnológicas que el contexto de pandemia había impuesto, su voz circulaba entre estudiantes y docentes del Programa de filosofía y de la Universidad del Quindío. A los cuales dedicó comprometida y tenazmente largos años de su enseñanza y de su comprensión del quehacer filosófico.
Gambaran derajat keparahan neuropati perifer pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2
Authors: Nurjannah Nurjannah , Saputra Bayu , Erianti Susi
Published: February 2024

Penyakit diabetes melitus merupakan salah satu penyakit tidak menular dengan prevalensi kasus yang selalu mengalami kenaikan di dunia. Neuropati merupakan suatu kondisi di mana kerusakan saraf terjadi pada pasien diabetes melitus, kondisi ini paling sering terjadi pada kaki. Neuropati mengacu pada sekelompok penyakit yang menyerang semua jenis saraf, termasuk saraf sensorik, motorik dan otonom. Sering ditemukan pada bagian perifer tubuh atau dikenal sebagai neruropati perifer. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran derajat keparahan neuropati perifer dengan jumlah populasi 46 orang responden dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan yaitu kuantitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Jumlah sampel penelitian ini adalah 46 orang diambil dengan teknik total sampling. Analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis univariat yaitu usia, jenis kelamin, lama menderita diabetes melitus dan derajat keparahan neuropati perifer. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa penderita yang mengalami neuropati perifer yaitu mayoritas berjenis kelamin perempuan berjumlah 33 orang (71,7%). Responden telah menderita diabetes melitus selama 1-5 tahun yaitu berjumlah 27 orang (56,7%) dan derajat keparahan neuropati berat yaitu berjumlah 23 orang (50,0%).
Uji antibakteri gel hand sanitizer ekstrak etanol bunga krisan (Chrysanthemum segetum) terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Rumanti Ruth Mayana , Nasution Rizka Hasmi , Naldi Jefri
Published: February 2024

Gel hand sanitizer memiliki kemampuan aktivitas bakteriosida yang baik terhadap bakteri dikulit. Adanya kandungan senyawa flavonoida dalam bunga krisan (Chrysanthemum segetum) berperan sebagai antibakteri aktif dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menguji aktivitas antibakteri sediaan gel antiseptik tangan (hand sanitizer) ekstrak etanol bunga krisan terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Prosedur meliputi pengumpulan, pembuatan simplisia, karakterisasi simplisia, pembuatan ekstrak dengan metode maserasi, sediaan gel dibuat menjadi konsentrasi 10%, 15% dan 20% dilanjutkan pengujian antibakteri metode difusi agar. Hasil uji zona hambat  bakteri pada konsentrasi 10% dengan nilai rata-rata 3,76 mm, konsentrasi 15% sebesar 4,71 mm dan konsentrasi 20% sebesar 5,31 mm dengan kategori sedang.
EDUCAÇÃO, NEOLIBERALISMO E RESISTÊNCIAS
Authors: Hernàndez Luis Aguilar
Published: February 2024

En el texto se abordan los efectos de la racionalidad neoliberal en los sistemas educativos públicos, un proceso de recomposición institucional soportado por la tríada Nueva Gestión Pública – Gobernanza - Cuasi mercados, que opera simultáneamente a la descomposición institucional de lo escolar. Así, el declive de los contenidos escolares en favor de las competencias, tropo de la reformulación de las teorías del Capital Humano que reduce la educación a formación para el mercado laboral. Un relato performativo con capacidad para producir nuevas subjetividades, armónicas con las de otros contextos, sometidos a idénticas racionalidades. En este marco, se analiza el concepto de resistencia escalarmente, tanto en la dimensión individual del profesorado como en las posibles articulaciones de agentes y organizaciones.
CONVERGENCE OF NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS OF GRAIN AND WHEAT FLOUR
Authors:   Chernivtsi Institute of Trade and Economics of SUTE, Palamarek Karina , Romanovska Olha ,   Chernivtsi Institute of Trade and Economics of SUTE, Romanovska Anastasia ,   Chernivtsi Institute of Trade and Economics of SUTE
Published: February 2024

Topicality. The problem formulation. The article examines the problems of harmonizing national standards of Ukraine with international ones - Codex Alimentarius. An assessment of the convergence of international standards for grain and wheat flour in Ukraine was carried out. The comparative characteristics of the quality indicators specified in the international and national standards for wheat grain and flour were analyzed and carried out. The aim of the article is to analyze and compare the international standards for wheat grain and wheat flour with the national standards of Ukraine. The subject of special attention should be the harmonization of the Technical Standardization Committees TK 64, TK 67, TK 86, TK 153, TK 170 "Cereals, legumes and their processing products". The methodological basis of this research: a systematic approach to the analysis of scientific literature, normative documents, in particular national and international standards; an abstract-logical method for summarizing research results and conclusions. Results of the research paper. It has been established that in order to intensify the process of Ukraine's integration into the European Union, it is necessary to harmonize national standards with international. The conducted comparative analysis made it possible to outline the difference between national and international standards for wheat grain and flour. Comparisons show that the analyzed international and national standards, in addition to differences, have common features: the same indicators of moisture content of wheat grain and an indicator of ash content, which can be used to characterize the technological direction of wheat flour. It was established that the Codex Alimentarius international standards for grain and wheat flour provide general characteristics and quality requirements, unlike the national standards, which provide quality indicators for each type of flour. Practical value. A comparative analysis of international and national standards was carried out for the purpose of practical use of wheat grain and flour in various branches of the food industry. The prospect of further research is to conduct an analysis of dietary supplements that are appropriate.