bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
POPULAÇÃO EM SITUAÇÃO DE RUA: POR QUAIS MOTIVOS UMA PESSOA EM SITUAÇÃO DE RUA RESPONDERIA QUE NÃO DESEJA SAIR DESTA SITUAÇÃO?
Authors: Castro Guilherme Caldas de , Souza Letícia Castilho Homem , Pereira Yan de Aquino
Published: July 2024

População em situação de rua sempre foi um assunto delicado de se tratar e ao mesmo tempo muito importante para saúde pública e vivência em sociedade. Dentre essa população, podemos identificar pessoas que estão nessa situação por falta de oportunidade, dinheiro ou até por questões pessoais como falta de contato com familiares por conta de brigas. Por consequência do aumento constante dessa população, a sociedade foi se organizando e criando abrigos para oferecer alguma dignidade à essa população. Em meio à tantos fatores que podem levar uma pessoa para essa situação, um muito importante é o uso de drogas tanto lícitas quanto ilícitas. Para entender os aspectos e características dessas pessoas, começaram a ser feitos censos como o realizado pelo Instituto Pereira Passos (IPP), que será utilizado nesse trabalho. A partir desses censos e consequentemente coleta de dados, é possível fazer estudos estatísticos para entender os comportamentos e padrões dessa parcela da sociedade. Sendo assim, esse trabalho tem como objetivo identificar através de um modelo de regressão logística binária, quais são as características que mais contribuem para uma pessoa em situação de rua responder que não tem intenção de sair dessa situação.
Minister changes raise concerns
Authors: Simpson Fiona
Published: July 2024

Experts say churn in ministers with responsibilities for children makes it harder to improve services
Unrest over review board plans
Authors: Simpson Fiona
Published: July 2024

Charities raise concerns over plans for ‘lived-experience’ voice on Care Review implementation board
Support for GRT young people
Authors: Carr Sally
Published: July 2024

Range of initiatives in development to help practitioners support Gypsy, Roma and Traveller young people
YOUTH OFFENDING
Authors: Hayes Derren
Published: July 2024

Levels of offending by young people have fallen sharply since 2012, but severe offences now make up a greater proportion of convictions highlighting the need for services to deliver more intensive early help
Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Properties of the Mucuna sanjappae Seeds in the Rat Model and In Vitro Assays
Authors: Patil Ravishankar , Aware Chetan , Shinde Kavita , Ghanekar Ruchika Koul- , vyavahare Govind , Bapat Vishwas , Jadhav Jyoti
Published: July 2024

The Fabaceae (Leguminosae) plant family contains several species of the Mucuna Adans. genus possessing therapeutic potential and growing widely in tropical and sub-tropical regions. In this research, we investigated the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of the extract from the Mucuna sanjappae Aitawade & S.R.Yadav seeds. Initially, we conducted an in vitro anti-inflammatory activity test using the bovine serum albumin anti-denaturation assay and found promising dose-dependent activity. Subsequently, we performed an in vivo anti-inflammatory and antioxidant study on a rat paw edema model induced by carrageenan. Three different doses of M. sanjappae seed water extract (50, 100 and 200mg/kg B/W) were used for the study (Oral administration). Edema measurement was carried out at 0, 2, 4 and 6 hr intervals. Dose dependent inhibition in edema in the M. sanjappae seed extract treatment group was observed with maximum activity for 200mg/kg B/W dose at 4 hr (53.49%). Standard drug showed maximum edema inhibition (54.94%) at 6hr. Our results also showed that, M. sanjappae seed extract inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α and increases anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 with increased level of blood serum antioxidants. Phytochemical analysis for secondary metabolites including polyphenol, flavonoids, phytic acid, proanthocyanidin, tannin and saponin was also quantified which might be the responsible component for biological activities under study.
Bioinformatics Analysis in Predicting Transcription Factors of Robo3 Gene in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Rhida Muna A. Abdal
Published: July 2024

In bilaterian animals, axon guidance decisions are regulated by many transmembrane receptor proteins called Roundabout (Robo) family members. During the developmental stages of fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster), three Robo family members play unique roles in the central nervous system. Robo3 is revolutionarily conserved among taxa and studies show that Robo3 regulates mediolateral axonal navigation. Recent studies suggest that Robo3 guides longitudinal axons in a manner independent of its ligand (slit). The expression patterns of Robo3 are controlled by transcription factors (TFs) that play a significant role in gene regulation, and it is not a fully understood mechanism. Knowing the transcription factor binding sites (TFBS) of Robo3 would help to predict TFs that regulate Robo3. In this study, bioinformatics tools MEME Suite, TOMTOM, and MAST were utilized to analyze the Robo3 DNA sequence to identify putative TFs that assist as docking regions for TFs involved in the regulation of Robo3 gene expression. We found seven putative TFs: Btd, Opa, Mad, Odd, Twi, CF2, and h. Mapping these TF motifs against the Robo3 sequence showed that these motifs are located in many regions of the Robo3 gene. Understanding the roles of these TFs in Robo3 gene regulation would help to implement novel strategies to control and overcome disorders related to the Robo3 gene. This study aims to identify the unknown TFs that may play a critical role in Robo3 gene expression.
Drug Repurposing and Molecular Insights in the Fight Against Breast Cancer
Authors: Mani Ruchi Jakhmola- , Sharma Vikash , Singh Sohini , Allen Tanu , Dogra Nitu , Katare Deepshikha Pande
Published: July 2024

Breast Cancer (BC) is a complex disease with high incidence in developed countries. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), it is accounted for 11.7% of all new cancer cases worldwide in 2020, with an estimated 2.3 million new diagnosis every year. A 2.5% annual reduction in the disease mortality could prevent 2.5 million deaths worldwide between 2020 and 2040. In the current work systematic review was conducted for drugs under clinical trials or approved for treatment of BC. It was observed that many drugs were repurposed for BC treatment over the course of time even though they were originally developed for some other disease. This is called as Drug Repurposing. It is an approach that has gained significant attention in recent years as a promising alternative to traditional drug discovery, which is often costly, time-consuming, and has a high failure rate. Thirteen drugs were observed to be repurposed for BC treatment and we dig deep into their molecular background and reasons for their efficacies in BC treatment. Molecular targets of these drugs in the human system were predicted and protein interaction networks were analysed to work out the genes responsible for their repurposed events. Few genes seen in the disease progression, were BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB-2, ATM, TP53, PTEN, and HER2/neu participate in various biological pathways, such as the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and ER pathways, and biological processes such as the tumor microenvironment, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and DNA damage response pathways. Mutations or alterations in these genes or pathways can lead to the development and progression, and understanding their roles that can help in the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. This study offers an in-silico perspective and a powerful tool to find potentially effective drugs by analysing the molecular mechanisms and signalling pathways involved in the disease progression.
Phytoconstituents Analysis and Anti-Diabetic Potential of Sembung Leaf Extract (Blumea balsamifera L. .) through Inhibition of NF-KB p65, GLP-1, and DPP-4 Proteins with In-Silico Approaches
Authors: Astuti Ni Putu Widya , Manuaba Ida Bagus Putra , Jawi I Made , Putra Anak Agung Bawa , Wiradana Putu Angga , Widhiantara I Gede , Permatasari Anak Agung Ayu Putri , Ansori Arif Nur Muhammad , Kharisma Viol Dhea
Published: July 2024

Traditional herbal remedies have an important role in human health. Empirically, Blumea balsamifera is often used as a traditional beverage to alleviate fever symptoms, lower cholesterol levels, and maintain body immunity. The purpose of this study was to discover the phytoconstituent profile that contributes to the anti-diabetic properties of B. balsamifera leaf extract (BBLE) using in silico approaches.LCMS/MS was used to identify the constituent profile of BBLE, and the ability of these compounds against diabetes-related proteins was analyzed computationally.Three proteins related to diabetes are NF-KB p65, GLP-1, and DPP-4. A total of 18 compounds were successfully identified through LCMS/MS, including 4 compounds known to be flavonoid derivatives and can be used as markers of BBLE. Pheophorbide A and 1,1-Cyclopentanediacetic acid were reported for the first time to inhibit the NF-KB p65, GLP-1, and DPP-4 proteins in docking simulation studies. Based on these findings, it can be confirmed that the bioactive compounds in BBLE show strong inhibitory potential against anti-diabetic proteins.
Sílybum Mariánum’s Impact on Physiological Alterations and Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Rats
Authors: Abdullaev Azizbek A. , Inamjanov Dolimjon R. , Abduazimova Dildora Sh. , Omonturdiyev Sirojiddin Z. , Gayibov Ulugbek G. , Gayibova Sabina N. , Aripov Takhir F.
Published: July 2024

This study delves into the crucial role of oxidative stress in non-infectious diseases and emphasizes the necessity of precise control over cellular oxidative processes using both natural and external antioxidant systems. Dysfunctions in these systems often result in various pathologies, underscoring the therapeutic promise of antioxidants in restoring cellular balance. Sílybum mariánum, known for its multifaceted biological properties such as antioxidative, hepatoprotector, anti - toxic, and organ-protective effects, emerges as a compelling subject for investigating its mechanisms, particularly in diabetes mellitus. Our research examines the impact of Sílybum mariánum's ethanolic extract on oxidative stress levels in alloxan-induced diabetic conditions. Our results demonstrate significant antioxidant effects of the extract on the heart and aorta preparations in diabetic rats. This study adds to the expanding body of research on the potential therapeutic utility of Sílybum mariánum in addressing oxidative stress-related complications linked with diabetes mellitus.
Optimization of Snail (Achatina fulica) Mucus Gel Formula with CMC-Na as a Gelling Agent Healing Periodontitis
Authors: Swastini* I Gusti Agung Ayu Putu , Dewi Gusti Ayu Ratih Kusuma Ratna , Arjani Ida Ayu Made Sri
Published: July 2024

The content of snail (Achatina fulica) mucus chemical compounds that have been tested by researchers quantitatively are: Heparan Sulfate 16.45 mg/100 g, Acharan Sulfate 21.33 mg/100 mg, Acahtin isolate 36.06 mg/100 mg, Ca2+ Ion 86.12 mg/100 g, Beta Agglutinin 58.22 mg/100 g, Achasin Protein 102.22 mg/100 g, Glycokonyugat 8.86 mg/100 g, qualitatively snail mucus gel contains chemical substances contained in snail mucus gel are: Allantoin, Collagen, Elastin, Glicolic, Vit A and and C, Antibiotic peptide, Protein, Enzyme, Hyaluronic Acid, Copper Peptide, Antimicrobial peptide, Iron, Zinc, Proteoglycans. The purpose of this study was to obtain the optimal concentration of Na CMC as a gelling agent in the manufacture of snail mucus gel, obtain the optimal formula from the optimal formula variation, make a snail mucus gel preparation that serves as a cure drug for periodontitis, test snail mucus gel with optimum concentration in rats for the treatment of periodontitis. Research methods: true experimental laboratorium, determination, preparation of snail mucus chemical compounds, optimization and determination of Na CMC, optimization and determination of glycerin, optimization and determination of sodium lauryl sulfate and snail mucus preparation formula. The results of the study obtained optimization of gel preparations with three kinds of concentrations, namely 5%, 7.5%, and 10%, obtained the results of the stability test of the preparation declared stable, tasteless organoleptical viscous liquid, pH 6.75; 6.81; 6.88; 6.79; 6.79; 6.84 evenly distributed 5.6; 6.1; 6.5; 6.79; 6.79; 6.84; adhesion 12.45g/cm2; 15.80: g/cm2 ; 17.20; 12.50; 12.50;17.50; 17.20; 20.40; 15.40; 15.40; 20.05 viscosity 17.50; 17.20; 20.40; 15.40; 15.40; 20.05 cp and turbulent flow type (4050 Reynold), 4100; 4095; 4050; 4050; 4080. The conclusion of this research is the optimal concentration of Na CMC as a gelling agent in the manufacture of snail mucus gel is 10%.
Lies and Promises : Practical and Ethical Consequences in the Cantar de Mio Cid (Part II)
Authors: Scarborough Connie L.
Published: July 2024

Abstract: This is the second part of an article addressing the episode of the arcas de arena in the Cantar de mio Cid , which has received considerable critical attention, especially regarding the possible anti-Semitic undertones of the incident or its possible comic implications. While this two-part study recognizes these and other interpretations of the episode, it deals specifically with the ethics of the Cid resorting to an elaborate ruse in which he willfully chooses to lie to Raquel and Vidas in order to obtain needed funds. This second part addresses the moneylenders' reappearance later in the poem when they demand repayment. This second appearance of Raquel and Vidas attests to the importance for the poet and his audiences of the consequences of the Cid lying to the moneylenders. It also emphasizes the ambiguity inherent in the poem's failure to address the issue of repayment of the loan.
Measurement of high-frequency speckle vibration amplitude from a blurred image
Authors: Córdoba Matías , Calarco Nicolás , Perez-Quintián Fernando
Published: July 2024

The non-contact detection of a vibrating surface through the extraction of the vibration of the speckle pattern that the surface produces when illuminated by a coherent source of light has been implemented almost from the invention of the laser and is still an active field of research. In this work, the vibration amplitude of a speckle pattern is measured using a single blurred image taken with exposure times that are multiples of the vibration period. The method is based on the variation of the cross-correlation function width as a function of the speckle vibration amplitude. There is no analytical expression for that function, so it must be obtained numerically. The oscillating speckle patterns were produced with a piezoelectric transducer excited at vibration frequencies ranging from a few Hz up to tens of kHz. A custom CMOS photodetector sensor with programmable interconnection between pixels was used to verify the speckle pattern vibration amplitude and frequency.
Optical design and development of an underwater dual-channel microlens array integral field snapshot hyperspectral imager
Authors: Lu Fengqin , Ma Jun , Su Kun , Xue Qingsheng , Miao Qinxuan , Cao Diansheng
Published: July 2024

Compared to push-scan hyperspectral imagers, snapshot hyperspectral imagers offer an advantage by minimizing sensitivity to attitude jitter in underwater mobile platforms. Here we present the optical design and development of an underwater microlens array integral field hyperspectral imager. The system comprises a panchromatic imaging channel with a high spatial resolution and a spectral imaging channel with a lower spatial resolution. Through the fusion of high-resolution panchromatic images and low-resolution spectral images, we achieve high spatial resolution hyperspectral images. Both the panchromatic imaging channel and the spectral imaging channel share a common front objective, featuring a 25 mm focal length and a wide 36° field of view angle. Utilizing prism dispersion, the spectral imaging system spans a band range from 465 to 700 nm with a spectral resolution of less than 10 nm. Specialized algorithms for spectral image reconstruction and image fusion have been developed. The experimental results across diverse scenes confirm the exemplary spectral imaging performance of the system, positioning it as a robust solution for underwater snapshot hyperspectral imaging.
Deep learning optimization for small object classification in lensfree holographic microscopy
Authors: Potter Colin J. , Sreevatsan Shriniketh , McLeod Euan
Published: July 2024

Lensfree holographic microscopy is a compact and cost-effective modality for imaging large fields of view with high resolution. When combined with automated image processing, it can be used for biomolecular sensing where biochemically functionalized micro- and nano-beads are used to label biomolecules of interest. Neural networks for image feature classification provide faster and more robust sensing results than traditional image processing approaches. While neural networks have been widely applied to other types of image classification problems, and even image reconstruction in lensfree holographic microscopy, it is unclear what type of network architecture performs best for the types of small object image classification problems involved in holographic-based sensors. Here, we apply a shallow convolutional neural network to this task, and thoroughly investigate how different layers and hyperparameters affect network performance. Layers include dropout, convolutional, normalization, pooling, and activation. Hyperparameters include dropout fraction, filter number and size, stride, and padding. We ultimately achieve a network accuracy of ∼83%, and find that the choice of activation layer is most important for maximizing accuracy. We hope that these results can be helpful for researchers developing neural networks for similar classification tasks.
Neural network enhanced time-varying parameter estimation via weak measurement
Authors: Li Yue-Gang , Song Qi , Xiao Tai-Long , Li Hong-Jing , Fan Jian-Ping , Zeng Gui-Hua
Published: July 2024

Weak measurement is employed to measure faint signals due to its capability to amplify detection results above technical noise. However, achieving high amplification effects requires accurate adjustment to the experimental system. Estimating unknown time-varying phases, accurately estimating phases, and sensitively perceiving phase changes pose challenges, demanding the system to continuously remain at the appropriate working range. To address this issue, we propose a neural network-based adaptive weak measurement scheme via single-channel light intensity detection. Through machine learning calibrating the experimental system, the reference phase can be dynamically and accurately adjusted, accommodating time-varying phase changes and ensuring the system operates optimally. Compared with traditional dual-channel weak measurement systems, the scheme reduces experimental complexity. Meanwhile, by accurately adjusting the reference phase, the scheme has higher sensitivity and estimation precision compared to the non-modulated scheme. We validate the effectiveness of the scheme in estimating the period and stochastic time-varying phase. The proposed method highlights the advancement of machine learning in weak measurement systems and can also be applied to other quantum-enhanced measurement schemes.
Length-extended 3D shape sensor using wavelength/space-division multiplexing grating arrays in a multicore fiber
Authors: Meng Yanjie , Xiao Shuai , Shan Rongyi , Liang Wenfa , Zhong Huajian , Kong Yuhao , Peng Zhenwei , Fu Cailing , Liao Changrui , Zhang Zhicai , Wang Yiping
Published: July 2024

Limited by the multiplexing number of fiber Bragg grating (FBG), further improvement in the length of 3D shape sensing based on FBG technology is challenging. In this Letter, a wavelength-division and space-division multiplexing multicore fiber grating method is proposed, which extends the sensing length. Employing the femtosecond-laser point-by-point technology, we inscribed WDM grating arrays in six outer cores of a seven-core fiber, respectively. Three cores were utilized as a segment for shape sensing, and two such segments were offset by a specific length and combined to form a shape sensor. Utilizing an FBG interrogator, the proposed shape sensor achieved 2D and 3D shape sensing at a length of 967 mm and effectively mitigated the effects of temperature variations. In experiments, maximum shape reconstruction errors per unit lengths are 1.89%, 2.72%, and 1.47% for 2D shape, 3D shape, and an arbitrary shape under variable temperature conditions, respectively. The proposed method holds promise for further extending the shape sensing length by utilizing multicore fibers or fiber clusters containing more cores.
Pulse duration tunable Figure-9 laser enabled by a composite spectral mode of dissipative soliton
Authors: Li Jiahe , Li Dongyuan , Jiang Weiqi , Zhang Nan , Meng Yafei , Wang Fengqiu
Published: July 2024

Dissipative soliton is a commonly employed operation regime for mode-locked lasers. In contrast to conventional soliton, a variety of stable spectral solutions, featuring wildly different spectral shapes and bandwidths, exist. While a few theoretical works have articulated the conditions necessary for different spectral solutions, experimentally, the transitions between these various dissipative soliton states are rarely investigated, and the physical knobs governing the state transition of dissipative soliton are still unclear. Here, in a Figure-9 laser, we observed a composite spectral mode of dissipative soliton, and demonstrate the detailed transition process between the two constituent states. Furthermore, by utilizing the dramatic change in spectral width during the mode transition, we realize wide tuning of the pulse duration from 230 fs to 13.7 ps, by only adjusting the pump power. Our results provide experimental support for understanding the various dissipative soliton working states and the transition process among them. In the meanwhile, the technical approach represents an effective way for swiftly tuning the pulse duration of mode-locked fiber lasers.
Twenty-milliwatt, high-power, high-efficiency, single-mode, multi-junction vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers using surface microstructures
Authors: Xiao Yao , Miao Pei , Wang Jun , Liu Heng , Gou Yudan , Zhang Zhicheng , Wang Bangguo , Liu Wuling , Wang Qijie , Deng Guoliang , Zhou Shouhuan
Published: July 2024

High-power, high-efficiency single-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) are crucial in the realm of green photonics for high-speed optical communication. However, in recent years, the power and efficiency of single-mode VCSELs have remained relatively low and have been progressing slowly. This study combines theoretical models with experiments to show that multi-junction cascaded 940 nm VCSELs based on surface microstructures can achieve high power, high efficiency, and low divergence in single-mode laser output. Simulations show multi-junction VCSELs with surface microstructures can boost mode modulation capabilities, power, and efficiency, potentially allowing high-power single-mode VCSELs to surpass 60% efficiency. Using this technique, the 6 μm oxide aperture VCSELs with surface relief of different diameters were fabricated. The single-mode VCSELs with the output power of 20.2 mW, side-mode suppression ratios greater than 35 dB, 42% electro-optical efficiency, and a 9.8° divergence angle (at 1/e2) under continuous-wave operation were demonstrated. Near-field images verified its fundamental mode operation. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the highest single-mode power recorded for a single-unit VCSEL to date, almost twice the currently known record, while still maintaining a very high electro-optical conversion efficiency. This research will provide valuable references for the further development and application of high-power, high-efficiency single-mode semiconductor lasers.
Surface laser traps with conformable phase-gradient optical force field enable multifunctional manipulation of particles
Authors: Rodrigo José A. , Franco Enar , Martínez-Matos Óscar
Published: July 2024

Optical manipulation of objects at the nanometer-to-micrometer scale relies on the precise shaping of a focused laser beam to control the optical forces acting on them. Here, we introduce and experimentally demonstrate surface-shaped laser traps with conformable phase-gradient force field enabling multifunctional optical manipulation of nanoparticles in two dimensions. For instance, we show how this optical force field can be designed to capture and move multiple particles to set them into an autonomous sophisticated optical transport across any flat surface, regardless of the shape of its boundary. Unlike conventional laser traps, the extended optical field of the surface laser trap makes it easier for the particles to interact among themselves and with their environment. It allowed us to optically transport multiple plasmonic nanoparticles (gold nanospheres) while simultaneously enabling their electromagnetic interaction to form spinning optically bound (OB) dimers, which is the smallest case of optical matter system. We have experimentally demonstrated, for the first time, the creation of stable spinning OB dimers with control of their rotational and translational motion across the entire surface. These traveling OB dimers guided by the phase-gradient force work as switchable miniature motor rotors, whose rotation is caused by the combined effects of optical binding forces and optical torque induced by a circularly polarized surface laser trap. The degree of customization of the surface laser traps provides a versatility that can boost the study and control of complex systems of interacting particles, including plasmonic structures as the optical matter ones of high interest in optics and photonics.
Propagation dynamics of a spatiotemporal vortex pulse in the spatial fractional system
Authors: Song Jinqi , Liu Fengqi , Sun Mingli , Tong Xiangyu , Zhang Naichen , Cao Bingsong , Wang Wenzhe , Huang Kaikai , Zhang Xian , Lu Xuanhui
Published: July 2024

The dynamics of wave packets carrying a spatiotemporal vortex in the spatial fractional system is still an open problem. The difficulty stems from the fact that the fractional Laplacian derivative is essentially a nonlocal operator, and the vortex is space-time coupled. Here, we investigate the transmission of spatiotemporal vortices in the spatial fractional wave equation (FWE) and demonstrate the effects of linewidth, vortex topological charge, and linear chirp modulation on the transmission of Bessel-type spatiotemporal vortex pulses (BSTVPs). Under narrowband conditions, we find that the propagation of BSTVP in the FWE can be seen as the coherent superposition of two linearly shifted half-BSTVPs and can reveal orbital angular momentum backflow for the half-BSTVP. Our analysis can be extended to other spatiotemporal vortex pulses.
Does smoking cessation reduce other substance use, psychiatric symptoms, and pain symptoms? Results from an emulated hypothetical randomized trial of US veterans
Authors: Ban Kaoon (Francois) , Rogers Erin , Khan Maria , Scheidell Joy , Charles Dyanna , Bryant Kendall J. , Justice Amy C. , Braithwaite R. Scott , Caniglia Ellen C.
Published: July 2024

Background

Quitting smoking may lead to improvement in substance use, psychiatric symptoms, and pain, especially among high-risk populations who are more likely to experience comorbid conditions. However, causal inferences regarding smoking cessation and its subsequent benefits have been limited.

Methods

We emulated a hypothetical open-label randomized control trial of smoking cessation using longitudinal observational data of HIV-positive and HIV-negative US veterans from 2003–2015 in the Veterans Aging Cohort Study. We followed individuals from the first time they self-reported current cigarette smoking (baseline). We categorized participants as quitters or non-quitters at the first follow-up visit (approximately 1 year after baseline). Using inverse probability weighting to adjust for confounding and selection bias, we estimated odds ratios for improvement of co-occurring conditions (unhealthy alcohol use, cannabis use, illicit opioid use, cocaine use, depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and pain symptoms) at second follow-up (approximately 2 years after baseline) for those who quit smoking compared to those who did not, among individuals who had the condition at baseline.

Results

Of 4,165 eligible individuals (i.e., current smokers at baseline), 419 reported no current smoking and 2,330 reported current smoking at the first follow-up. Adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for associations between quitting smoking and improvement of each condition at second follow-up were: 2.10 (1.01, 4.35) for unhealthy alcohol use, 1.75 (1.00, 3.06) for cannabis use, 1.10 (0.58, 2.08) for illicit opioid use, and 2.25 (1.20, 4.24) for cocaine use, 0.78 (0.44, 1.38) for depressive symptoms, 0.93 (0.58, 1.49) for anxiety symptoms, and 1.31 (0.84, 2.06) for pain symptoms.

Conclusions

While a causal interpretation of our findings may not be warranted, we found evidence for decreased substance use among veterans who quit cigarette smoking but none for the resolution of psychiatric conditions or pain symptoms. Findings suggest the need for additional resources combined with smoking cessation to reduce psychiatric and pain symptoms for high-risk populations.
Intersectional analysis of the experiences of women who fail to conceive in low and middle income neighbourhoods of Delhi, India: Findings from a qualitative study
Authors: Adhikary Priyanka , Mburu Gitau , Kabra Rita , Habib Ndema Abu , Kiarie James , Dhabhai Neeta , Chowdhury Ranadip , Mazumder Sarmila
Published: July 2024

Background

Experiences of delayed conception and infertility have been reported among women. However, the concept of intersectionality is rarely utilised in studies of infertility, and it is particularly uncommon in research from low- and middle- income countries.

Research question

What are the lived experiences of women with delayed conception in low to -middle income neighbourhoods of Delhi, India?

Methods

This was a qualitative study (n = 35) that recruited women who had failed to conceive after 18 months of regular unprotected sexual intercourse. Data were collected between February and July 2021. Data were collected through focus group discussions in low income to middle income neighbourhoods of Delhi, India. Analysis identified themes related to intersecting axes of inequality.

Results

The results showed that gender intersected with economics, masculinity, patriarchal norms and class to influence the experiences of women. The intersection of gender, economics and patriarchal norms compromised women’s agency to be active generators of family income, and this dynamic was exacerbated by patrilocal residence. In addition, masculinity contributed to stigmatisation and blaming of women, due to the inaccurate perception that men did not contribute to a couple’s infertility. The intersection of gender and social class in medical settings created barriers to women’s access to medical information.

Conclusion

Findings from this study provide representative examples of the variety of axes of inequality that shape women’s experiences in the study setting. Although these findings may not be generalisable to all women who are experiencing delayed conception, they highlight a need for improved awareness and education on infertility, as well as a need to ensure the availability and accessibility of fertility care for couples in need.
Isolation and characterization of plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles from Carica papaya L. fruit and their potential as anti-inflammatory agent
Authors: Iriawati Iriawati , Vitasasti Safira , Rahmadian Fatimah Nur Azmi , Barlian Anggraini
Published: July 2024

Inflammation is an immune system response that identifies and eliminates foreign material. However, excessive and persistent inflammation could disrupt the healing process. Plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (PDENs) are a promising candidate for therapeutic application because they are safe, biodegradable and biocompatible. In this study, papaya PDENs were isolated by a PEG6000-based method and characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), bicinchoninic acid (BCA) assay method, GC-MS analysis, total phenolic content (TPC) analysis, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. For the in vitro test, we conducted internalization analysis, toxicity assessment, determination of nitrite concentration, and assessed the expression of inflammatory cytokine genes using qRT-PCR in RAW 264.7 cells. For the in vivo test, inflammation was induced by caudal fin amputation followed by analysis of macrophage and neutrophil migration in zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae. The result showed that papaya PDENs can be well isolated using the optimized differential centrifugation method with the addition of 30 ppm pectolyase, 15% PEG, and 0.2 M NaCl, which exhibited cup-shaped and spherical morphological structure with an average diameter of 168.8±9.62 nm. The papaya PDENs storage is stable in aquabidest and 25 mM trehalose solution at -20˚C until the fourth week. TPC estimation of all papaya PDENs ages did not show a significant change, while the DPPH test exhibited a significant change in the second week. The major compounds contained in Papaya PDENs is 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one (DDMP). Papaya PDENs can be internalized and is non-cytotoxic to RAW 264.7 cells. Moreover, LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells treated with papaya PDENs showed a decrease in NO production and downregulation mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes (IL-1B and IL-6) and an upregulation in mRNA expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine gene (IL-10). In addition, in vivo tests conducted on zebrafish treated with PDENs papaya showed inhibition of macrophage and neutrophil cell migration. These findings suggest that PDENs papaya possesses anti-inflammatory properties.
Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli infection, determinants and antimicrobial resistance patterns among under-five children with diarrhea in Amhara National Regional State, Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Worku Mesfin , Tessema Belay , Ferede Getachew , Ochieng Linnet , Leliso Shubisa Abera , Mutua Florence , Moodley Arshnee , Grace Delia , Gelaw Baye
Published: July 2024

Background

Children with under-five year age disproportionally affected with foodborne illness. Campylobacteriosis is the most common foodborne disease next to Norovirus infection. Macrolides are commonly prescribed as the first line of treatment for Campylobacter gastroenteritis, with fluoroquinolone and tetracycline as secondary options. However, resistance to these alternatives has been reported in various regions worldwide.

Objective

To determine the prevalence, associated risk-factors and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli among under-five children with diarrhea.

Methods

Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from November, 2022 to April 2023. The study sites were selected using a random sampling technique, while the study subjects were included using a convenient sampling technique. The data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Stool samples were inoculated onto modified charcoal cefoperazone deoxycholate agar and incubated for 48 hours. The suspected colonies were analyzed using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry to confirm the species. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using a disc diffusion technique. All potential covariates (independent variables) were analyzed one by one using bivariate logistic regression model to identify candidate variables with P value < 0.25. Multivariable logistic analysis was used to identify potential associated factors using the candidate variables. A p value ≤ 0.05 at a 95% confidence interval was statistically significant.

Result

Among the 428 samples, 7.0% (CI: 4.5–9.3) were confirmed Campylobacter species. The prevalence of C. jejuni and C. coli among under-five children was 5.1% (CI: 3.0–7.0) and 1.9% (CI: 0.7–3.3), respectively. C. jejuni (73.3%) was dominant over C. coli (26.7%). The resident, contact with domestic animals, and parents/guardians education level were significantly associated with campylobacteriosis among under-five children. One-third of the Campylobacter isolates (33.3%, 10/30) were resistant to ciprofloxacin and tetracycline whereas 10.0% (3/30) were resistant to erythromycin. Furthermore, 3.3% (1/30) of the Campylobacter were found to be multidrug-resistant.

Conclusion

The prevalence of Campylobacter species was 7.0%. The resistance rate of Campylobacter species of ciprofloxacin and tetracycline-resistance strains was 33.3%. Peri-urban residence, contact with domestic animals, and low parental educational statuses were significantly associated factors with increased risk of Campylobacter infection. Continuous surveillance on antimicrobial resistance and health education of personal and environmental hygiene should be implemented in the community.
Urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) metabolite concentrations in three pregnancy cohorts from 7 U.S. study sites
Authors: Masterson Erin E. , Riederer Anne M. , Loftus Christine T. , Wallace Erin R. , Szpiro Adam A. , Simpson Christopher D. , Muralidharan Revathi , Trasande Leonardo , Barrett Emily S. , Nguyen Ruby H. N. , Kannan Kurunthachalam , Robinson Morgan , Swan Shanna , Mason W. Alex , Bush Nicole R. , Sathyanarayana Sheela , LeWinn Kaja Z. , Karr Catherine J.
Published: July 2024

Objective

Prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is associated with adverse birth and developmental outcomes in children. We aimed to describe prenatal PAH exposures in a large, multisite U.S. consortium.

Methods

We measured 12 mono-hydroxylated metabolites (OH-PAHs) of 7 PAHs (naphthalene, fluorene, phenanthrene, pyrene, benzo(c)phenanthrene, chrysene, benz(a)anthracene) in mid-pregnancy urine of 1,892 pregnant individuals from the ECHO PATHWAYS consortium cohorts: CANDLE (n = 988; Memphis), TIDES (n = 664; Minneapolis, Rochester, San Francisco, Seattle) and GAPPS (n = 240; Seattle and Yakima, WA). We described concentrations of 8 OH-PAHs of non-smoking participants (n = 1,695) by site, socioeconomic characteristics, and pregnancy stage (we report intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) for n = 677 TIDES participants).

Results

Exposure to the selected PAHs was ubiquitous at all sites. 2-hydroxynaphthalene had the highest average concentrations at all sites. CANDLE had the highest average concentrations of most metabolites. Among non-smoking participants, we observed some patterns by income, education, and race but these were not consistent and varied by site and metabolite. ICCs of repeated OH-PAH measures from TIDES participants were ≤ 0.51.

Conclusion

In this geographically-diverse descriptive analysis of U.S. pregnancies, we observed ubiquitous exposure to low molecular weight PAHs, highlighting the importance of better understanding PAH sources and their pediatric health outcomes attributed to early life PAH exposure.
Relationship and mechanisms between internet use and physical exercise among middle- and younger-aged groups
Authors: Chen Hao , Zhang Tingpimei , Li Yihao , Zhao Weifeng , Xu Wei
Published: July 2024

The “Internet Plus” era has established a closer connection between sports and individuals. This study used data from the 2018 China Family Panel Studies and focused on the middle- and younger-aged population aged 15 to 59 years. Employing a negative binomial regression model, this study empirically analyzed the impact of Internet use on physical exercise and its internal mechanisms among this population. The findings revealed that (1) Internet use significantly promoted physical exercise in the middle- and younger-aged population, with the frequency of physical exercise increasing to 1.549 times the original value; (2) The positive effects of the internet on physical exercise outweighed the negative effects, with online learning and entertainment enhancing physical exercise and online socialization limiting it. Specifically, online learning and entertainment increased the frequency of physical exercise among the middle- and younger-aged population by 0.063 and 0.018, respectively. Online socialization reduced the frequency by 0.023; and (3) The influence of internet use on physical exercise varies; significantly, it positively affects the exercise frequency among individuals over 35 years old and shows a positive correlation with employment status, including both employed individuals and those out of the labor market. The positive role of Internet use in encouraging physical exercise participation among the middle- and young-aged groups should be valued and enhanced.
Electric field and SAR reduction in high-impedance RF arrays by using high permittivity materials for 7T MR imaging
Authors: Bhosale Aditya A. , Zhao Yunkun , Zhang Xiaoliang
Published: July 2024

In the field of ultra-high field MR imaging, the challenges associated with higher frequencies and shorter wavelengths necessitate rigorous attention to multichannel array design. While the need for such arrays remains, and efforts to increase channel counts continue, a persistent impediment—inter-element coupling—constantly hinders development. This coupling degrades current and field distribution, introduces noise correlation between channels, and alters the frequency of array elements, affecting image quality and overall performance. The goal of optimizing ultra-high field MRI goes beyond resolving inter-element coupling and includes significant safety considerations related to the design changes required to achieve high-impedance coils. Although these coils provide excellent isolation, the higher impedance needs special design changes. However, such changes pose a significant safety risk in the form of strong electric fields across low-capacitance lumped components. This process may raise Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) values in the imaging subject, increasing power deposition and, as a result, the risk of tissue heating-related injury. To balance the requirement of inter-element decoupling with the critical need for safety, we suggest a new solution. Our method uses high-dielectric materials to efficiently reduce electric fields and SAR values in the imaging sample. This intervention tries to maintain B1 efficiency and inter-element decoupling within the existing array design, which includes high-impedance coils. Our method aims to promote the full potential of ultra-high field MRI by alleviating this critical safety concern with minimal changes to the existing array setup.
Equations for estimating binary mixture toxicity: 3-methyl-2-butanone with a series of electrophiles
Authors: Dawson Douglas A. , Schultz Terry W.
Published: July 2024

Mixture toxicity was determined for 32 binary combinations. One chemical was the non-reactive, non-polar narcotic 3-methyl-2-butanone (always chemical A) and the other was a potentially reactive electrophile (chemical B). Bioluminescence inhibition in Allovibrio fischeri was measured at 15-, 30-, and 45-minutes of exposure for A, B, and the mixture (MX). Concentration-response curves (CRCs) were developed for each chemical and used to develop predicted CRCs for the concentration addition (CA) and independent action (IA) mixture toxicity models. Also, MX CRCs were generated and compared with model predictions using the 45-minute data. Classification of observed mixture toxicity used three specific criteria: 1) predicted IA EC50 vs. CA EC50 values at 45-minutes, 2) consistency of 45-minute MX CRC fit to IA, CA, or otherwise at three effect levels (EC25, EC50 and EC75), and 3) the known/suspected mechanism of toxicity for chemical B. Mixture toxicity was then classified into one of seven groupings. As a result of the predicted IA EC50 being more toxic than the predicted CA EC50, IA represented the greater toxic hazard. For this reason, non-sham MXs having toxicity consistent with CA were classified as being “coincident” with CA rather than mechanistically-consistent with CA. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to develop equations that can be used to estimate the toxicity of other 3M2B-containing binary mixtures. These equations were developed from the data for both IA and CA, at each exposure duration and effect level. Each equation had a coefficient of determination (r2) above 0.950 and a variance inflation factor <1.2. This approach can potentially reduce the need for mixture testing and is amenable to other model systems and to assays that evaluate toxicity at low effect levels.
The dialectical relationship between the authorial and the collaborative in contemporary documentary: Perspectives from three case studies
Authors: Roberti Ana Clara , Santos Helena , Brandão Daniel
Published: July 2024

This article discusses the intersections between authorial and collaborative work in the scope of ethnographic documentary departing from three case studies: two research projects and one citizen collective of participatory media. All case studies were developed in Porto, Portugal, between 2013 and 2020, focusing on the city’s invisibilities and everyday experiences, searching for alternative narratives to the mainstream media when portraying its people and places. This article aims to reflect on how authorial documentary work, followed by self-criticism and self-reflection, can be incorporated into participatory media frameworks in productive ways. The challenges faced by the three cases are intrinsically related and have influenced each other throughout this period, addressing issues related to the representational crisis; the legitimation of subjectivity and the exploration of different styles within documentary; as well as the relationships between the filmmaker, the camera, the subject/character portrayed and the audience. These themes are explored through a series of first-person field reports and the study of authors and directors in the field of documentary filmmaking.
Podcasting protocols: Land acknowledgement in outlining a process for decolonial reflexivity and audio stewardship
Authors: Wilcox Meg , Napier Kyle
Published: July 2024

As journalists and media-makers in Canada work towards reconciliation with Indigenous peoples, there is increased discussion on how to work respectfully with Indigenous communities, stories and knowledge. However, for podcasters and audio journalists, there are still limited resources on guidelines and best practices. This article considers several resources which foster decolonial frameworks for mediamaking, from media production guides to broader Indigenous methodological frameworks, and discusses how they can inform media production in these contexts. The authors then discuss their experience working on the Canadian Mountain Podcast – a series that shares mountain-related research from academic and Indigenous perspectives – and the steps the team took to decolonize their methods and work respectfully with different forms of knowledge. Finally, this article looks at the team’s use of developing land acknowledgements and how this practice provided a space to reflect on their journalistic practices and adjust their processes as audio stewards.