bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Docieplenia kompleksowo
Authors: Rejment Mariusz , Dziadosz Agnieszka
Published: August 2019

The article discusses the applicable
laws and requirements, developed by:
the ETICS system providers, ITB and SSO,
which must be complied with and fulfilled by
an investor, a designer and a contractor to
properly design and construct the insulation
of building walls in the ETICS technology,
and then keep it in good technical condition.
Rozwiązania budowlane w Wilczym Szańcu
Authors: Bednarz Katarzyna
Published: August 2019

The technology of erecting war shelters has been evolving over the
centuries alongside the development of technology and buildingoriented
requirements. Many papers have been published on this
subject in recent times. The ruins of the Wolf’s Lair war fortress
prompted the authors to write this work with a slightly different emphasis
than the previous papers. In addition to a brief history of the objects, the
work presents the design guidelines used in their construction and
describes the construction solutions applied. In addition, where
appropriate, the advantages and disadvantages of these construction
solutions from an engineering point of view are highlighted.
Keywords: concrete building , war shelter, Wolf’s Lair
Skutki implementacji dyrektywy ATAD do polskiego
systemu prawnego
Authors: Dmowski Andrzej
Published: August 2019

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest wskazanie nowych regulacji zaimplementowanych w podatku dochodowym od
osób prawnych na podstawie dyrektywy ATAD. Artykuł przedstawia i opisuje wybrane aspekty powiązane ze zmienionymi
regulacjami. Rozważana jest m.in. kwestia obniżonego progu zaangażowania kapitału własnego, jak
również procentowy udział spółek w tworzeniu się podatkowych grup kapitałowych. Artykuł prezentuje pięć podstawowych
celów dyrektywy ATAD związanych z przeciwstawianiem się oszustwom podatkowym: ograniczenie
możliwości odliczania odsetek, exit tax, ogólne przepisy przeciwko unikaniu opodatkowania, zasady CFC, struktury
hybrydowe. Wskazywana jest również problematyka celowego zastosowania hybrydyzacji przez korporacje
międzynarodowe. Wyjaśnienia zawarte w artykule wskazują, jak dyrektywa ATAD zamierza zredukować proces
unikania opodatkowania. Cytuje również polskie rozwiązania legislacyjne dotyczące exit tax, które są znacznie
ostrzejsze niż zakładane przez dyrektywę. Rozwiązania wprowadzone w Polsce istnieją już w innych państwach
Unii Europejskiej, a obecna polityka organów Unii wymaga szybszej harmonizacji tych rozwiązań w pozostałych
państwach członkowskich. W artykule wymieniono również informacje o zmianach mających na celu wyjaśnienie
i uproszczenie obowiązujących przepisów. Celem autora artykułu było przedstawienie ogólnej charakterystyki i
rodzajów zmian wprowadzanych na podstawie dyrektywy ATAD.
Nowe zasady poboru podatku u źródła – mechanizm walki
z optymalizacją podatkową czy patologia podatkowa?
Authors: Strzała Dawid
Published: August 2019

Przedmiotem artykułu jest przedstawienie wymogów formalnych związanych z podatkiem u źródła na przestrzeni
ostatnich 15 lat oraz wpływu tych wymogów na walkę ze zjawiskiem unikania opodatkowania o charakterze międzynarodowym.
Szczególny nacisk został położony na wymogi związane z certyfikatem rezydencji podatkowej.
Artykuł przedstawia ponadto najnowsze regulacje wprowadzające nową procedurę poboru podatku u źródła, jaka
zaczęła obowiązywać od 1 stycznia 2019 r. Praca zawiera szczegółowe omówienie tej procedury wraz z przesłankami
zastosowania wyjątków. Szczególną uwagę poświęcono obowiązkom spoczywającym na płatnikach podatku
u źródła i zwiększonemu zakresowi ich odpowiedzialności. W artykule podjęto również próbę przedstawienia
problemów praktycznych, jakie mogą powstać w związku ze stosowaniem nowych regulacji, oraz ich wpływu na
walkę z międzynarodową optymalizacją podatkową.
Zakres zastosowania przepisów art. 199a Ordynacji
podatkowej w świetle orzecznictwa i literatury przedmiotu
Authors: Mroziński Mikołaj
Published: August 2019

Niniejsze opracowanie ma na celu zbadanie założeń funkcjonowania klauzuli interpretacyjnej, możliwości pominięcia
przez organ skutków czynności symulowanej i uprawnienia organów podatkowych do wystąpienia z powództwem
do sądu powszechnego o ustalenie istnienia bądź nieistnienia stosunku prawnego, zbadanie praktycznego
zastosowania tych przepisów, umieszczonych w art. 199a Ordynacji podatkowej [1, dalej „Ordynacja podatkowa”],
na podstawie orzeczeń krajowych sądów administracyjnych. Praca obejmuje omówienie aspektu przedmiotowego,
podmiotowego i czasowego stosowania omawianych przepisów oraz granice dopuszczalnego ich
stosowania przez organy podatkowe. Efektem przeprowadzonego badania jest stworzenie kompleksowego
opracowania zbioru przesłanek i okoliczności, w których omawiane przepisy mogą mieć zastosowanie.
Effect of Slag and Recycled Materials on the Performance of Hot Mix Asphalt (AC-BC)
Authors: Bethary Rindu Twidi , Subagio Bambang Sugeng , Rahman Harmein , Suaryana Nyoman
Published: August 2019

The limitations of road construction materials require alternative materials such as asphalt recycling and utilization of waste potential such as steel slag for aggregate substitutes. In this study, there were tests for slag characteristics and reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) then continued with a marshall test to determine the optimum asphalt content (OAC). The nine mixtures planned in this study consist of 10-30% Slag combined with 10-30% RAP with Reclamite as a rejuvenating material. Using a combination of RAP, there is a decrease in the mixing and compaction temperature of 20°C compared to the conventional hot mix. Test results on hot mix asphalt using a combination of RAP and slag generate an increase of 10-30% each using a combined gradation and volume correction. Test result in heat asphalt mixture by using RAP and slag combination with additional of 10-30% each using correction of volume and combined gradation. For the hot mix asphalt with RAP10 and SLAG 10-30 (HMAR10S10-30), the OAC value is 5.83%, 5.95%, and 5.38%, and for the hot mix asphalt with RAP20 and SLAG 10-30 (HMAR20S10- 30), the OAC value obtained is 5.90%, 5.60%, and 5.95%, and for the hot mix asphalt with RAP30 and SLAG 10-30 (HMAR30S10-30), the OAC value is 5.55%, 5.60 %, and 5.33%. Keterbatasan material konstruksi jalan membutuhkan adanya material alternatif seperti daur ulang aspal dan pemanfaatan potensi limbah seperti slag baja untuk pengganti agregat, pada penelitian ini terdapat pengujian karakteristik slag dan daur ulang aspal (RAP) kemudian dilanjutkan dengan pengujian marshall untuk menentukkan kadar aspal optimum (KAO). Sembilan campuran direncanakan dalam penelitian ini yang terdiri dari 10-30% Slag dikombinasikan dengan 10-30% RAP dengan bahan peremaja Reclamite. Dengan menggunakan kombinasi RAP terjadi penurunan temperatur pencampuran dan pemadatan lebih rendah 20°C dibandingkan campuran panas konvensional. Hasil pengujian pada campuran beraspal panas dengan menggunakan kombinasi RAP dan slag dengan penambahan masing-masing sebesar 10-30% menggunakan koreksi volume dan gradasi gabungan, untuk campuran beraspal panas dengan RAP10 dan SLAG 10-30 (HMAR10S10-30) didapatkan nilai KAO sebesar 5,83%, 5,95%, dan 5,38%, sedangkan campuran beraspal panas dengan RAP20 dan SLAG 10-30 (HMAR20S10-30) didapatkan nilai KAO sebesar 5,90%, 5,60%, dan 5,95% dan untuk campuran beraspal panas dengan RAP30 dan SLAG 10-30 (HMAR30S10-30) didapatkan nilai KAO sebesar 5,55%, 5,60%, dan 5,33%.
A unidade teológico-retórico-política na oratória de Dom Aquino Corrêa
Authors: Lazzaretti Jildonei
Published: August 2019

Este texto consiste em uma breve análise da oratória de Dom Aquino Corrêa, identificando em seus discursos a existência de uma “unidade teológico-retórico-política”, categoria formulada por Alcir Pécora (1994) em seu estudo sobre os sermões do padre Antônio Vieira. Inicialmente, são apresentados os pressupostos teológicos, retóricos e políticos que contribuem para a constituição de tal unidade. Na análise dos discursos de Dom Aquino – que contempla textos de diferentes períodos de sua vida e de distintos contextos de enunciação – demonstra-se que tal unidade teológico-retórico-política possui como paradigma o mistério da Encarnação de Cristo, mais especificamente suas duas naturezas, divina e humana, que são associadas, por analogia, à Igreja e ao Estado.
A persuasão pelo caráter do orador em Antônio Vieira
Authors: Rocha Talita Cristina
Published: August 2019

Este estudo objetiva analisar as provas arregimentadas por Antônio Vieira para constituir seu ethos em diferentes discursos, em uma carta enviada ao rei de Portugal no dia 20 de maio de 1653 e no sermão da Epifania, de 1662. Para isso, foi necessário discutir questões pertinentes à retórica, arte que fundamentava a produção letrada do Seiscentos. As conclusões que serão apresentadas apontam para uma dúbia configuração do ethos do jesuíta, dada a adequação do discurso a cada situação.
Como se narra a "História do Brasil" de frei Vicente do Salvador
Authors: Lachat Marcelo
Published: August 2019

Nas letras portuguesas e luso-brasileiras dos séculos XVI a XVIII, embora sejam consistentes a produção e a circulação de textos de história, as preceptivas específicas acerca do gênero histórico são escassas. Tendo em vista essa escassez normativa, este artigo propõe-se a discutir, brevemente, em que consiste a arte histórica entre o Quinhentos e o Setecentos. A partir dessa discussão de preceitos – em particular, dos retóricos referentes à ars narrandi –, analisa-se, então, como se narra a História do Brasil composta, na primeira metade do século XVII, por frei Vicente do Salvador.
Elogio dos soberanos: o reformismo ilustrado e a poética do encômio no Grão-Pará e Maranhão (século XVIII)
Authors: Souza Thiago Gonçalves
Published: August 2019

Neste artigo, queremos explorar a presença da tópica associada ao “elogio do soberano” (CURTIUS, 1979) na produção poética no Grão-Pará e Maranhão da segunda metade do século XVIII. Segundo nossa hipótese, tal produção, ao se fundamentar em uma poética do encômio, põe-se em estreita ligação com as demandas de organização social e fomento econômico da Coroa portuguesa para a região, junto das quais se elabora uma representação do poder real enquanto fonte de equilíbrio, harmonia e desenvolvimento, segundo o discurso do reformismo ilustrado.
A alegoria nos sermões de Padre Antônio Vieira: algumas questões sobre seu emprego e terminologia
Authors: De Martini Marcus
Published: August 2019

Neste artigo, discute-se o conceito de alegoria, bem como dos termos correlatos “tipo” e “figura”,dentro da tradição da hermenêutica cristã, a fim de compreender seu uso nos sermões de Padre Antônio Vieira. Partindo-se então da constatação de que a terminologia pode ser insuficiente para compreender os diversos usos implicados pelos conceitos, na esteira de Young (1997), optamos por empregar subsidiariamente a noção de “estratégias de leitura” como ferramenta para mapear os diversos usos da alegoria como forma de interpretação. Por meio de uma amostragem qualitativa dos sermões de Vieira, constata-se o uso variado desses termos pelo jesuíta e a pertinência de compreender as estratégias alegóricas empregadas por ele para construir retórica e teologicamente seus sermões.
Role of Leadership and Learning Environment in Influencing Learning Achievement Level of Students: A Study of Gamo Gofa Zone of Ethiopia
Authors: Ambaw Betta Tsemato , Meher Rajkishor
Published: August 2019

The purpose of this study was to examine the level of influence of leadership and learning environment on students’ academic achievement. The study employed survey design, quantitative method and simple random sampling technique. The data were analyzed using frequency distribution and independent samples t-test. The findings indicated that while both leadership and learning environment had a positive influence on the level of the students’ learning achievement, leadership tended to have a greater influence than learning environment in the study area. Thus, the primary school principals in Gamo Gofa Zone need to keep on applying appropriate leadership styles besides establishing conducive learning environment in their respective schools; moreover, rigorous research supported by causal comparative model has to be conducted on the research problem so that it might contribute to alleviating the problem
An Appraisal of Sea Robbery Control in Nigeria’s Waterways: Lessons from Niger Delta Region
Authors: Adongoi Toakodi , Otodo Ifeanyichukwu , Azibasuam Adioni-Arogo
Published: August 2019

This study examined strategies adopted by relevant security agencies to curb sea robbery in Niger Delta Region of Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling technique was employed to select respondents’. A Sample of 400 was derived using Taro Yamane sample size determination technique. Questionnaires and oral interview were the methods used for data collection, while data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics. Results revealed that the joint task force (JTF) is selective in carrying out its constitutional mandate as their presence is felt only in critical facilities, which implies that security is porous and much is needed to guarantee safety of lives and properties on Nigeria territorial waters. Consequent upon this finding, crime-mapping as indicated on GIS map of sample states is recommended.
Effect of Chemical Foaming Agent in Enhancing Dispersion of Montmorillonite in Polypropylene Nanocomposite
Authors: Azguler Ozan , Eryildiz Meltem , Altan Mirigul
Published: August 2019

Homogenous dispersion of the nano particles in the polymer matrix is a key factor in order to achieve enhanced properties of the polymer nanocomposites. Dispersion or exfoliation of nano clay is difficult in the matrix during melt mixing. In this study, dispersion of nano montmorillonite (MMT) in polypropylene (PP) was done by using chemical foaming agent during melt mixing process. Chemical foaming agent (CFA) added (1 %wt.) PP/MMT nanocomposites were prepared on twin screw extruder. Then, injection molding was done to the granulated nanocomposites in order to obtain tensile test samples. Thermal test and morphological investigations were done. Tensile test was applied to observe the difference in mechanical strength of the nanocomposites depending on the presence of the foaming agent during melt mixing process. The results have shown that, dispersion of MMT enhanced in the matrix due to addition of chemical foaming agent. This brought improved tensile strength about 19% for the PP/MMT nanocomposites within same concentrations of nano filler.
Aplicação da vulnerabilidade ambiental do município de Moju, estado do Pará
Authors: Belato Leoni de Souza , Serrão Sérgio Luis Cardoso , Gandra Amanda Lorenna Feio , Amorim Islia Lima de Sousa
Published: August 2019

O município de Moju no Estado do Pará pertencente à Mesorregião do Nordeste Paraense e à Microrregião Tomé-Açu e está inserido no chamado 'polo biodiesel' que, atualmente, vivência uma fase de intensos investimentos agroindustriais de produção de óleo de palma visando suprir o mercado nacional e internacional de biocombustíveis. O município possui o menor percentual de áreas protegidas na sua mesorregião, vive com uma expansão da cultura de dendê, do pólo biodiesel e o embargo das atividades do Município Verdes pela alta taxa de desmatamento e focos de calor, chamando a atenção para estudos ambientais. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho apresenta uma comparação e análise das influências das variáveis ambientais na determinação da vulnerabilidade ambiental do município de Moju. Através de Sistemas de Informações Geográficas, associou-se diversos graus de suscetibilidade das classes das variáveis. Com a ponderação Fuzzy, realizou-se a sobreposição ponderada dos planos de informação referentes ao solo, geologia, cobertura vegetal e uso e ocupação do solo. Esta comparação permitiu determinar a fragilidade ou resiliência natural dos mesmos aos processos de degradação ambiental e ação antrópica e as influências de cada uma na determinação das diferentes vulnerabilidades ambientais. As comparações e análises realizadas procuraram determinar o quanto cada uma destas variáveis e suas respectivas classes contribuem para se estabelecer o grau de vulnerabilidade do município estudado.
Diagnóstico da caprinovinocultura no Cariri Ocidental da Paraíba (PB): estudo de caso de 2005 a 2015
Authors: Barbosa Robson Fernandes , Xavier Rafael Albuquerque
Published: August 2019

A criação de caprinos e ovinos no semiárido brasileiro tem se consolidado nas últimas décadas como uma importante atividade de produção animal para a subsistência, servindo como meio para a fixação do homem ao campo. Neste sentido, tem-se a caprinovinocultura como uma alternativa de renda e alimentícia para muitas famílias que vivem no semiárido e que buscam sobreviverem diante das diferentes adversidades enfrentadas, como as condições ambientais, econômicas, entre outras. Partindo disso, o objetivo do estudo foi diagnosticar a distribuição quantitativa da caprinovinocultura na microrregião do cariri ocidental paraibano entre os anos de 2005, 2010 e 2015, a fim de entender a situação do efetivo de cabeças e o comportamento numérico dos rebanhos desses munícipios ao longo desses anos. Para isto, realizou-se uma pesquisa exploratória que pode ser caracterizada como um estudo de caso, sendo necessária a utilização da base de dados do censo agropecuário do IBGE (2017) para coleta e tabulação dos dados com o apoio do software Excel e logo depois plotado no software QGIS para facilitar a visualização espacial da quantidade de caprinos e ovinos em cada cidade contemplada na pesquisa. Como resultado, verifica-se que está havendo uma mudança na característica do rebanho do Cariri Ocidental da Paraíba (PB), onde apresentou uma redução do quantitativo de caprinos em 9% e aumento da quantidade de ovinos em 31% ao longo desses 10 anos. Por fim, é fundamental entender a distribuição quantitativa da caprinovinocultura no intuito de fortalecer ainda mais esta importante cadeia produtiva através da criação e implementação de políticas pública para o setor e consecutivamente proporcionar uma melhor qualidade de vida para estes criadores.
Número 18 completo
Authors: Autores Varios
Published: August 2019

Número 18 completo en PDF.
Editorial. El negocio publicitario en el contexto digital
Authors: Marzal Felici Javier , Casero-Ripollés Andreu
Published: August 2019

Editorial del número 18.
Netflix, estrategia y gestión de marca en torno a la relevancia de los contenidos
Authors: Mayorga Escalada Santiago
Published: August 2019

Las marcas han sabido adaptarse a cada realidad determinada a lo largo de su evolución histórica. Su identidad, simbólica e intangible, ha ganado protagonismo frente a los productos y sus beneficios puramente funcionales. La llegada del siglo XXI trae consigo una serie de cambios disruptivos muy profundos: democratización tecnológica, realidad global hiperconectada, sociedad líquida, microsegmentación, etc. Este hecho deviene en un evidente cambio paradigmático que empodera tanto a los usuarios como a las marcas, situándolas en una relación de iguales donde el ámbito digital condiciona las principales relaciones de comunicación. Las marcas avanzan en la profesionalización de su proceso estratégico e integral de gestión, ofreciendo contenidos relevantes que les ayudan a crear experiencias únicas a través de un engagement potente con el usuario.Netflix es una de las marcas que mayor notoriedad global ha adquirido en los últimos años a raíz de su política estratégica, volumen de negocio, política de comunicación, y oferta de contenidos. Esta cuestión valida la pertinencia de la presente investigación centrada en analizar, a través de un desarrollo teórico previo de la disciplina y su posterior adaptación a un estudio de caso, los principales elementos que dan forma a la política de gestión estratégica de marca llevada a cabo por esta plataforma de entretenimiento en streaming.Teniendo en cuenta la naturaleza del estudio y, una vez analizados los principales resultados extraídos, observamos cómo los contenidos juegan un papel absolutamente esencial en toda la política de gestión integral y estratégica de la marca Netflix. El protagonismo de los contenidos en la construcción de la marca es transversal y va desde el propio concepto de negocio hasta la implementación de la estrategia a través de sus principales acciones de comunicación publicitaria y promocional.
El vínculo entre la marca España y la cultura en la prensa diaria
Authors: Carcavilla Puey Fernando , Zugasti Azagra Ricardo
Published: August 2019

La institución Marca España fue creada por el Gobierno de la nación en junio de 2012 con el objetivo de mejorar la imagen del país tanto en el exterior como en el interior (Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores y Cooperación, 2016). Según diversos autores, la diplomacia cultural es una actividad eficaz para construir una imagen-país positiva a largo plazo en el exterior. Asimismo, es destacable el papel de la cultura en la construcción de la identidad nacional. El principal objetivo de este artículo es describir las características de la cobertura periodística del término «marca España» vinculado a la cultura entre los años 2012 y 2015. Este periodo, que abarca la mayor parte de la primera legislatura de Mariano Rajoy, se caracteriza por un contexto de crisis económica, social e institucional (Manfredi y Cachinero, 2013). Se toman como muestra los tres diarios españoles con mayor difusión, El País, El Mundo y La Vanguardia, y se analizan todas las piezas que incluyan la expresión «marca España» mediante un análisis de contenido. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto la importancia de la cultura, y fundamentalmente del deporte, en la construcción mediática del concepto «marca España». Asimismo, se muestra la amplia vinculación de la cultura con aspectos positivos de la realidad, hecho que permite moldear una opinión pública favorable.
El nuevo reto digital se llama creatividad
Authors: Llopis Maillo Laura
Published: August 2019

Tribuna.
El negocio publicitario en el contexto digital
Authors: González Oñate Cristina , Fanjul Peyró Carlos
Published: August 2019

Presentación de la sección Informe del número 18.
Actitudes de los jóvenes hacia las comunidades virtuales y su vínculo con las marcas. Una aproximación a través de los estudiantes universitarios de comunicación y de marketing de la Universidad Nebrija
Authors: Rubio-Romero Juana , Barón-Dulce Gemma
Published: August 2019

Las comunidades virtuales (CV) son formas de relación bastante asentadas desde hace tiempo, principalmente en las redes sociales. Para algunos, es debido al debilitamiento de los vínculos sociales en la vida real y para otros es una nueva forma de relación social. En medio de estas polémicas, las marcas han visto en ellas una oportunidad para relacionarse con sus consumidores, aprovechando el auge de los medios sociales, el interés de los consumidores convertidos en prosumidores y a que el foco de la comunicación publicitaria se ha puesto en los contenidos de marca y el marketing de influencia. En este contexto, las marcas están desplegando su arsenal de estrategias para crear contenidos ya sea para alimentar sus propias comunidades, las de sus influencers contratados o las comunidades de sus usuarios. Esta investigación se propone explorar las actitudes y motivaciones de los jóvenes universitarios de comunicación y marketing de la Universidad Nebrija hacia la forma de socialidad que representan las comunidades virtuales y cómo entienden el papel de las marcas en este escenario. La metodología utilizada es cualitativa a partir de grupos de discusión con estudiantes universitarios de titulaciones relacionadas con la comunicación y el marketing. Los resultados confirman que los vínculos comunitarios están muy arraigados en los jóvenes pero que, cuando se trata de comunidades de marca, la implicación no es tan intensa como para despertar un auténtico sentimiento de pertenencia, de compromiso y solidaridad tanto con los valores encarnados por la marca como con las personas que conforman esa comunidad virtual.
Análisis de los perfiles profesionales en las webs de las agencias de publicidad en España
Authors: Sánchez Moreno María del Mar
Published: August 2019

El sector publicitario se ha transformado con la evolución de la comunicación digital. La atomización de los formatos y soportes ha llevado a una sobre-especialización de la comunicación para la que el anunciante demanda nuevos perfiles profesionales expertos, lo que ha ampliado el número de proveedores de servicios de comunicación. A pesar de que las agencias de publicidad tradicionales han integrado servicios digitales en sus estructuras, encuentran dificultad para competir con el abanico de empresas especializadas en las nuevas formas de comunicación. La demostración de las capacidades profesionales es clave para la competitividad de las agencias, pero la transformación de las estructuras internas no evoluciona a la velocidad del mercado. Esta circunstancia deteriora la relación cliente-agencia, la base de la calidad del servicio donde la confianza entre los profesionales es clave para el éxito. Este artículo analiza cómo las principales agencias creativas españolas presentan el talento interno en sus webs corporativas, el canal propio donde la agencia proyecta su imagen. Se ha realizado un análisis de contenido de los apartados que hablan de talento en dichas webs. La principal conclusión indica que la adaptación de la estructura de las agencias a la comunicación digital, es parcial; sigue predominando la misma estructura organizativa que tenían a finales de los 90, antes de que la competencia de las grandes tecnológicas se planteara como la gran amenaza.
Visiteurs et personnels de zoos urbains : une approche sociogéographique des liens entre conception de la nature et actions
Authors: Bekaert Déborah , Houadfi Saïda
Published: August 2019

Cet article émane d’un travail pluridisciplinaire autour des rapports qu’entretiennent l’humain et ses institutions avec le monde animal : à partir de l’exemple de trois zoos urbains, géographie et sociologie conversent sur la façon dont les actions mises en place dans le cadre de ces espaces influencent la conception de la nature des acteurs, visiteurs mais aussi professionnels exerçant dans ces zoos. Le traitement et l’analyse d’une vingtaine d’entretiens semi-directifs et d’observations in situ mettent en exergue l’ambivalence de l’impact des actions des zoos sur le public. Tout en maintenant une fonction de distraction et de loisir, le zoo défend sa place d’acteur engagé dans la conservation des espèces animales, toutefois, la permanence de son existence nuance son efficacité à protéger durablement la nature des effets pervers des activités anthropiques.
Estrategia de marketing de medios sociales: conceptos y pasos para formar conexiones
Authors: Rodríguez-Ardura Inma
Published: August 2019

La emergencia de los medios sociales ha llevado a muchas empresas a adoptarlos como canales de marketing. Pero estos medios son lo suficientemente novedosos como para que muchos especialistas de marketing todavía se pregunten cómo planificar una estrategia de marketing de medios sociales efectiva, realmente orientada a implicar a los clientes potenciales. En este artículo se explica cómo dar forma a esta clase de estrategias de marketing digital, para lo que se muestran los conceptos y pasos clave a considerar en el proceso de planificación de estas estrategias, y cómo medir inmediatamente su impacto.
La nueva era de los mercados financieros y su globalización
Authors: Ruiz Dotras Elisabet
Published: August 2019

La globalización de los mercados financieros ha tenido lugar a partir de una serie de factores o circunstancias que han permitido la integración de los mercados financieros. Uno de ellos es la desregulación financiera y la libertad de movimientos de capitales. Pero uno de los factores más relevantes en este cambio ha sido el avance tecnológico relativo a la conexión entre mercados, facilitando y unificando sistemas de liquidación y compensación de operaciones, agilizando la negociación con servicios integrados de varios mercados, y mejorando el binomio riesgo-rendimiento para los inversores.

Como resultado de este gran cambio en el entorno económico y en el sistema financiero y su dinámica de comunicación, ha sido inevitable la evolución y aparición de nuevos productos financieros caracterizados por la innovación financiera. La finalidad de estos nuevos productos no es más que cubrirse ante el inevitable incremento de la volatilidad y el mayor riesgo en el conjunto de operaciones financieras.

El aspecto negativo de la globalización y la elevada vinculación o interconexión entre mercados es el efecto contagio de las crisis financieras. El ejemplo más reciente es la crisis de las hipotecas sub-prime, que se inició en el 2007 en Estados Unidos y seguidamente desencadenó una reducción de liquidez en el mercado de crédito global, impactando en las economías de diferentes países y poniendo de manifiesto la debilidad del sistema financiero mundial y también su marco regulador.
A Threshold Policy for Dispatching Vehicles in Demand-responsive Transit Systems
Authors: Marković Nikola , Kim Myungseob (Edward) , Kim Eungcheol , Milinković Sanjin
Published: August 2019

This paper considers vehicle dispatching for a flexible transit system providing doorstep services from a terminal. The problem is tackled with an easy-to-implement threshold policy, where an available vehicle is dispatched when the number of boarded passengers reaches or exceeds a certain threshold. A simulation-based approach is applied to find the threshold that minimizes the expected system-wide cost. Results show that the optimal threshold is a function of demand, which is commonly stochastic and time-varying. Consequently, the dispatching threshold should be adjusted for different times of the day. In addition, the simulation-based approach is used to simultaneously adjust dispatching threshold and fleet size. The proposed approach is the first work to analyse threshold dispatching policy. It could be used to help improve efficiency of flexible transit systems, and thereby make this sustainable travel mode more economical and appealing to users.
Modulation of tonotopic ventral medial geniculate body is behaviorally relevant for speech recognition
Authors: Mihai Paul Glad , Moerel Michelle , de Martino Federico , Trampel Robert , Kiebel Stefan , von Kriegstein Katharina
Published: August 2019

Sensory thalami are central sensory pathway stations for information processing. Their role for human cognition and perception, however, remains unclear. Recent evidence suggests an involvement of the sensory thalami in speech recognition. In particular, the auditory thalamus (medial geniculate body, MGB) response is modulated by speech recognition tasks and the amount of this task-dependent modulation is associated with speech recognition abilities. Here, we tested the specific hypothesis that this behaviorally relevant modulation is present in the MGB subsection that corresponds to the primary auditory pathway (i.e., the ventral MGB [vMGB]). We used ultra-high field 7T fMRI to identify the vMGB, and found a significant positive correlation between the amount of task-dependent modulation and the speech recognition performance across participants within left vMGB, but not within the other MGB subsections. These results imply that modulation of thalamic driving input to the auditory cortex facilitates speech recognition.
Merging organoid and organ-on-a-chip technology to generate complex multi-layer tissue models in a human retina-on-a-chip platform
Authors: Achberger Kevin , Probst Christopher , Haderspeck Jasmin , Bolz Sylvia , Rogal Julia , Chuchuy Johanna , Nikolova Marina , Cora Virginia , Antkowiak Lena , Haq Wadood , Shen Nian , Schenke-Layland Katja , Ueffing Marius , Liebau Stefan , Loskill Peter
Published: August 2019

The devastating effects and incurable nature of hereditary and sporadic retinal diseases such as Stargardt disease, age-related macular degeneration or retinitis pigmentosa urgently require the development of new therapeutic strategies. Additionally, a high prevalence of retinal toxicities is becoming more and more an issue of novel targeted therapeutic agents. Ophthalmologic drug development, to date, largely relies on animal models, which often do not provide results that are translatable to human patients. Hence, the establishment of sophisticated human tissue-based in vitro models is of upmost importance. The discovery of self-forming retinal organoids (ROs) derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) or human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) is a promising approach to model the complex stratified retinal tissue. Yet, ROs lack vascularization and cannot recapitulate the important physiological interactions of matured photoreceptors and the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). In this study, we present the retina-on-a-chip (RoC), a novel microphysiological model of the human retina integrating more than seven different essential retinal cell types derived from hiPSCs. It provides vasculature-like perfusion and enables, for the first time, the recapitulation of the interaction of mature photoreceptor segments with RPE in vitro. We show that this interaction enhances the formation of outer segment-like structures and the establishment of in vivo-like physiological processes such as outer segment phagocytosis and calcium dynamics. In addition, we demonstrate the applicability of the RoC for drug testing, by reproducing the retinopathic side-effects of the anti-malaria drug chloroquine and the antibiotic gentamicin. The developed hiPSC-based RoC has the potential to promote drug development and provide new insights into the underlying pathology of retinal diseases.
Lineage does not regulate the sensory synaptic input of projection neurons in the mouse olfactory bulb
Authors: Sánchez-Guardado Luis , Lois Carlos
Published: August 2019

Lineage regulates the synaptic connections between neurons in some regions of the invertebrate nervous system. In mammals, recent experiments suggest that cell lineage determines the connectivity of pyramidal neurons in the neocortex, but the functional relevance of this phenomenon and whether it occurs in other neuronal types remains controversial. We investigated whether lineage plays a role in the connectivity of mitral and tufted cells, the projection neurons in the mouse olfactory bulb. We used transgenic mice to sparsely label neuronal progenitors and observed that clonally related neurons receive synaptic input from olfactory sensory neurons expressing different olfactory receptors. These results indicate that lineage does not determine the connectivity between olfactory sensory neurons and olfactory bulb projection neurons.
Increased expression of heme-binding protein 1 early in Alzheimer's disease is linked to neurotoxicity
Authors: Yagensky Oleksandr , Kohansal-Nodehi Mahdokht , Gunaseelan Saravanan , Rabe Tamara , Zafar Saima , Zerr Inga , Härtig Wolfgang , Urlaub Henning , Chua John JE
Published: August 2019

Alzheimer’s disease is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder leading to progressive cognitive decline. Despite decades of research, understanding AD progression at the molecular level, especially at its early stages, remains elusive. Here, we identified several presymptomatic AD markers by investigating brain proteome changes over the course of neurodegeneration in a transgenic mouse model of AD (3×Tg-AD). We show that one of these markers, heme-binding protein 1 (Hebp1), is elevated in the brains of both 3×Tg-AD mice and patients affected by rapidly-progressing forms of AD. Hebp1, predominantly expressed in neurons, interacts with the mitochondrial contact site complex (MICOS) and exhibits a perimitochondrial localization. Strikingly, wildtype, but not Hebp1-deficient, neurons showed elevated cytotoxicity in response to heme-induced apoptosis. Increased survivability in Hebp1-deficient neurons is conferred by blocking the activation of the mitochondrial-associated caspase signaling pathway. Taken together, our data highlight a role of Hebp1 in progressive neuronal loss during AD progression.
Adaptive substitutions underlying cardiac glycoside insensitivity in insects exhibit epistasis in vivo
Authors: Taverner Andrew M , Yang Lu , Barile Zachary J , Lin Becky , Peng Julie , Pinharanda Ana P , Rao Arya S , Roland Bartholomew P , Talsma Aaron D , Wei Daniel , Petschenka Georg , Palladino Michael J , Andolfatto Peter
Published: August 2019

Predicting how species will respond to selection pressures requires understanding the factors that constrain their evolution. We use genome engineering of Drosophila to investigate constraints on the repeated evolution of unrelated herbivorous insects to toxic cardiac glycosides, which primarily occurs via a small subset of possible functionally-relevant substitutions to Na+,K+-ATPase. Surprisingly, we find that frequently observed adaptive substitutions at two sites, 111 and 122, are lethal when homozygous and adult heterozygotes exhibit dominant neural dysfunction. We identify a phylogenetically correlated substitution, A119S, that partially ameliorates the deleterious effects of substitutions at 111 and 122. Despite contributing little to cardiac glycoside-insensitivity in vitro, A119S, like substitutions at 111 and 122, substantially increases adult survivorship upon cardiac glycoside exposure. Our results demonstrate the importance of epistasis in constraining adaptive paths. Moreover, by revealing distinct effects of substitutions in vitro and in vivo, our results underscore the importance of evaluating the fitness of adaptive substitutions and their interactions in whole organisms.
Notch signalling maintains Hedgehog responsiveness via a Gli-dependent mechanism during spinal cord patterning in zebrafish
Authors: Jacobs Craig T , Huang Peng
Published: August 2019

Spinal cord patterning is orchestrated by multiple cell signalling pathways. Neural progenitors are maintained by Notch signalling, whereas ventral neural fates are specified by Hedgehog (Hh) signalling. However, how dynamic interactions between Notch and Hh signalling drive the precise pattern formation is still unknown. We applied the PHRESH (PHotoconvertible REporter of Signalling History) technique to analyse cell signalling dynamics in vivo during zebrafish spinal cord development. This approach reveals that Notch and Hh signalling display similar spatiotemporal kinetics throughout spinal cord patterning. Notch signalling functions upstream to control Hh response of neural progenitor cells. Using gain- and loss-of-function tools, we demonstrate that this regulation occurs not at the level of upstream regulators or primary cilia, but rather at the level of Gli transcription factors. Our results indicate that Notch signalling maintains Hh responsiveness of neural progenitors via a Gli-dependent mechanism in the spinal cord.
Folkehelserapport: Den sjuende Tromsøundersøkelsen 2015-16
Authors: Hopstock Laila , Løvsletten Ola , Johansen Heidi , Tiwari Sweta , Njølstad Inger , Løchen Maja-Lisa
Published: August 2019

Folkehelserapporten gir en oversikt over utvalgte helse- og risikofaktorer fordelt på kjønn, aldersgrupper og geografiske soner i Tromsø kommune med data fra den sjuende Tromsøundersøkelsen (2015-16), og vil inngå i kunnskapsgrunnlaget for kommunens planarbeid og tjenesteutvikling, sammen med blant annet kommunens Levekårsundersøkelser.
Det er viktig å legge vekt på at rapporten ikke gir grunnlag for å karakterisere enkelte geografiske områder som spesielt gode eller dårlige å bo i. Det er knyttet begrensninger til data, utvalg og analyser. Viktigst å trekke frem her er at data ikke kan gi et helt presist bilde av helsefaktorer hos enkeltdeltakere, at noen grupper ikke er godt nok representert i utvalget, og at analysene begrenser seg til å vise beskrivende resultater av enkeltfaktorer.
Blant alle som deltok i undersøkelsen oppgir 69 % at de har god eller meget god helse. Videre oppgir 4,9 % å ha diabetes, 3,7 % å ha KOLS og 13,3 % å ha eller ha hatt psykiske problemer som de har søkt hjelp for. Totalt oppgir 80 % at de har vært hos fastlege siste år og 13 % at de har vært på legevakten. Blant deltakerne har 68 % overvekt eller fedme, hvorav 24 % har fedme. Totalt 27 % oppgir moderat til høy fysisk aktivitetsnivå i fritid, og 6 % oppgir inntak av fem eller flere porsjoner frukt og grønnsaker per dag. Totalt 8 % oppgir at de er avholdende fra alkohol mens 13 % oppgir at de månedlig eller oftere drikker mer enn 6 alkoholenheter ved en og samme anledning. Videre oppgir 14 % daglig røyking. Totalt 13 % oppgir ukentlig eller daglig bruk av smertestillende medikamenter. Totalt oppgir 11 % at de ikke har nok venner som kan gi hjelp ved behov og 14 % at de ikke har nok venner å snakke fortrolig med.
Resultatene viser forskjeller i helse- og risikofaktorer mellom sentrumsnære soner og distriktssoner. Den generelle tendensen er at en del distriktssoner har en høyere andel med fedme og daglig røykere, samt dårligere selvopplevd helse og lavere utdanningsnivå, hos deltakere under 67 år. Resultatene viser også forskjeller mellom de ulike sentrumsnære sonene. Enkelte sentrumsnære soner har en høyere andel med høyere fysisk aktivitetsnivå, bedre selvopplevd helse og høyere utdanning, samt en lavere andel med fedme og daglig røykere hos deltakere under 67 år. Enkelte sentrumsnære soner har en høyere andel med fedme, daglig røykere og dårligere selvopplevd helse, samt lavere fysisk aktivitetsnivå og utdanningsnivå, hos deltakere under 67 år. Den samme tendensen til forskjeller i helse- og risikofaktorer mellom sentrumsnære soner og distriktssoner ser vi også hos deltakere over eller lik 67 år for utdanning og fedme, men ikke for røyking.
Oppsummert kan vi slå fast at det er forskjeller i helse- og risikofaktorer i ulike geografiske soner i Tromsø kommune og at disse til dels overlapper med funn fra Levekårsundersøkelsene.
Determinants of Poverty Status of Cassava-based Farmers in Imo State, Nigeria
Authors: Osuji M. N.
Published: August 2019

The study assessed the determinants of Poverty Status of Cassava based farmers in Imo State, specifically; it examined the socio-economic characteristics of cassava farmers and assessed determinants of poverty status among cassava-based farmers in Imo state. Multistage and purposive sampling techniques were used in selecting sixty (60) cassava-based farmers in the three agricultural zones in the area. Data used for the study were obtained using structured questionnaire. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Foster Greer Thorbecke (FGT) and ordered probit model. The result showed that the mean age was 50 years, 67% of the respondents were women, 47% of the respondents attended secondary education, they have 25 years mean farming experience, the mean household size was 6 persons, 88% of the farmers are married, and they have mean farm size of 1.03 hectare. The result of Foster Greer Thorbecke (FGT) analysis showed that the estimate of the poverty profile of cassava-based farmers in the study area was N62, 476.67k, the poverty incidence was 0.25, and the poverty depth and severity were 0.0659 and 0.0362 respectively. This implied that 6.59% of the total expenditure is required to close the poverty gap while in extreme cases additional 3.62% was required to cross the poverty line. The ordered probit analysis showed that education, household size, farm income and extension contact were statistically significant at 1% and 5% probability levels, respectively. Findings revealed that education, household size, farm income and extension contact were the significant determinants of farmers poverty status.
Effect of Microcredit on Poverty Reduction among Rural Farm Households in Northeast, Nigeria
Authors: Nwibo S. U. , Okonkwo T. O. , Eze A. V. , Mbam B. N. , Odoh N. E.
Published: August 2019

The paucity of empirical evidence to show the correlation between microcredit and poverty reduction in North-East, Nigeria led to the study on the effect of microcredit on poverty reduction among rural farm households. Multi-stage random and purposive sampling techniques were employed to select 200 farm households who constituted the sample size. Data were collected primarily using structured questionnaire and analysed with the aid of descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed informal microcredit as the major source of credit for farm households. The result further indicated that 46% of the loan applied for was disbursed, resulting to 47% rise in farm household’s income. Meanwhile, 62% of farm households surveyed were poor with poverty depth of 0.43 and poverty severity at 0.38. The regression analysis on the effect of microcredit on the income of the farm households revealed that the coefficient of income was positive and statistically significant at 1% probability. The effect of microcredit on the poverty profile of farm households revealed that microcredit exerts negative influence on poverty profile of farm households in the study area. The study recommends: the establishment of robust rural credit scheme in rural areas; and institution of policy framework that will enable poor rural households without appropriate collateral to access funds for farm and non-farm activities.
Effectiveness of Strategic Intervention Material in Mathematics as Remediation for Grade 9 Students in Solving Problems Involving Quadratic Functions
Authors: P. Dumigsi Myrell , B. Cabrella Jem Boy
Published: August 2019

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Strategic Intervention Material (SIM) in Mathematics as remediation for Grade 9 students in solving problems involving quadratic functions. The SIM was designed as a remediation tool for students in teaching one of the least learned competencies. It was personally conducted by the researcher in Digos City NHS – Igpit HS Annex, Igpit, Digos City, Davao del Sur, Philippines during the School Year 2016-2017. A total of 16 Grade 9 students were the respondents of the study. Quasi-experimental design was used. The data were gathered using the researcher-made pretest and posttest. Frequency, relative frequency, mean and standard deviation were used to describe the academic achievement of students in problem solving involving quadratic functions. One-way analysis of co-variance (ANCOVA) was utilized to test if the significant difference existed between the experimental and the control groups. Findings revealed that the proficiency level of Grade 9 students in the posttest when remediated using the SIM was “satisfactory”; while the students remediated with the Grade 9 Learner’s Material was described as “did not meet expectations.” A significant difference in the academic achievement of students on the topic in favor of the experimental group was noted; hence, the Strategic Intervention Material in Mathematics was found effective as a remediation tool for Grade 9 students in solving problems involving quadratic functions. Recommendations were offered.
Development of Positive Attitudes of Class V towards Learning Science
Authors: Tenzin Dorji , Tshering Lham , Wangdi Sangay , Choden Jamyang
Published: August 2019

Attitude of children towards science gained attractiveness among the researchers, mainly to influence students’ science learning, their achievements and participation in science class. Therefore, this study using mixed method examined the effects of parents or guardians involvement on attitude of students towards science, gender, teaching strategies, past achievement and student-teacher relationship and little on classroom environment and school location. A total of 18 students completed a questionnaire developed to examine the factors involving on attitudes of students to science. To further increase the authenticity of the quantitative findings, 11 students through judgmental selection took part in interview. The teaching strategies executed, past achievements, career choices and student-teacher relationship were positively correlated with attitude of students towards science. The study suggests that students attitude towards science can be improved by focusing on aforementioned reasons. Moreover, attitudes towards science higher classes can be improved by offering science only to interested, depending on the performance in previous grades.