bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Covalent organic frameworks in heterogeneous catalysis: recent advances and future perspective
Authors: Alsudairy Ziad , Brown Normanda , Campbell Allea , Ambus Abrianna , Brown Bianca , Smith-Petty Kayla , Li Xinle
Published: April 2023

This review provides an overview of the recent advances in heterogeneous catalysis using COFs, primarily from 2020 to 2023, covering the fundamentals, advantages, current challenges, and future perspectives.
Engineering raspberry-like CuCo2S4@ZnS hollow particles encapsulated with reduced graphene oxide for hybrid supercapacitors
Authors: Ameri Bahareh , Zardkhoshoui Akbar Mohammadi , Davarani Saied Saeed Hosseiny
Published: April 2023

Raspberry-like CuCo2S4@ZnS hollow particles encapsulated with reduced graphene oxide are synthesized for hybrid supercapacitors.
Composite beads from chitosan and zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 for the adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of reactive red 141
Authors: Phonlakan Kunlarat , Khamsuk Benjawan , Soontonhong Natthanicha , Panawong Chonnakarn , Kongseng Piyawan , Chantarak Sirinya , Budsombat Surangkhana
Published: April 2023

This study describes the fabrication of composite beads comprising chitosan and zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) as a natural biodegradable dye adsorbent and support for ZnO photocatalyst.
Effects of various parameters on solution-mediated phase transformation of calcium d-gluconate: an approach to obtain pure metastable monohydrate
Authors: Zhang Hang , Jia Lihong , Cui Pingping , Zhou Ling , Yin Qiuxiang
Published: April 2023

By investigating the effects of various parameters on solution-mediated phase transformation, it is crucial to understand the SMPT mechanism and different form APIs' phase transformation relationships to obtain the pure metastable form.
Development of continuous spatially distributed diafiltration unit operations
Authors: Khan Zoheb , Long Xiaoyan , Casey Eoin , Dowling Denis , Ferguson Steven
Published: April 2023

The objective of this study is to develop an operation that can conduct separations based on diafiltration using semipermeable nanofiltration or ultrafiltration membranes in a fully continuous manner in a single stage configuration.
Tantalum ureate complexes for photocatalytic hydroaminoalkylation
Authors: Hao Han , Manßen Manfred , Schafer Laurel L.
Published: April 2023

Using a tantalum ureate pre-catalyst, photocatalytic hydroaminoalkylation of unactivated alkenes with unprotected amines at room temperature is demonstrated.
A MOF/DNA luminescent sensing platform for detection of potential COVID-19 biomarkers and drugs
Authors: Wang Xinrui , Clavier Gilles , Zhang Yan , Batra Kamal , Xiao Nanan , Maurin Guillaume , Ding Bin , Tissot Antoine , Serre Christian
Published: April 2023

A new yttrium metal–organic framework has been synthesized and functionalized with a specific DNA sequence to perform the selective ratiometric luminescence sensing of IL-6 and oseltamivir that are important COVID-19 biomarker and potential drug.
Rational molecular and doping strategies to obtain organic polymers with ultralong RTP
Authors: Zhang Yuefa , Zhang Shiguo , Liu Guanyu , Sun Qikun , Xue Shanfeng , Yang Wenjun
Published: April 2023

In situgrafting 1%-1‱N-phenyl carbazol-2-yl-boronic acid to PVA by thermoplastic processing can achieve RTP lifetimes of 3.512–4.444 s, revealing the dual importance of dopant molecular modification and material aggregate structure.
Co–Mo alloy oxide decorated carbon cloth as lithium host for dendrite-free lithium metal anode
Authors: Wang Xingjie , Liu Shuai , Shi Jing , Huang Minghua , Shi Zhicheng , Wang Huanlei , Yan Zhenhua
Published: April 2023

The carbon cloth modified with Co–Mo alloy oxide could enhance the performance of Li-metal battery anode. The Full cell coupled with LiFePO4 cathode could deliver a reversible capacity of 139.36 mA h g−1 after 500 cycles.
Correction: Migration of nanoparticles across a polymer–polymer interface: theory and simulation
Authors: Gibbions Nigel , Clarke Nigel , Long Didier R.
Published: April 2023

Correction for ‘Migration of nanoparticles across a polymer–polymer interface: theory and simulation’ by Nigel Gibbions et al., Soft Matter, 2021, 17, 7294–7310, https://doi.org/10.1039/D1SM00671A.
Molecular interaction modulating Ruddlesden–Popper tin-based perovskite crystallization
Authors: Pan Han , Zheng Yong , He Wenqing , Yang Wenxing , Gong Xiu , Liu Xiaodong , Wei Qiang , Liu Yan , Shen Yan , Wang Mingkui
Published: April 2023

An effective method slows down crystallization kinetics via regulating the competition between intra- and intermolecular interactions in Ruddlesden–Popper tin-based perovskites.
Developing a MXene quantum dot-based separator for Li–S batteries
Authors: Yang Ke , Li Chan , Qi Haoyuan , Dai Yunfei , Cui Yuhong , He Yibo
Published: April 2023

A functional separator is designed by combining MXene quantum dots with g-C3N4 sheets to regulate the kinetic behavior of polysulfides via capture–confinement–conversion.
Carbon dioxide reduction processes on a samarium doped ceria electrocatalyst with exsolved Fe particles
Authors: Ye Lujuan , Zhu Kang , Jiang Yunan , Zhang Shaowei , Peng Ranran , Xia Changrong
Published: April 2023

Fe-SDC formed Fe nanoparticles on the ceria surface through the exsolution reaction, which significantly improved its electrochemical properties.
Rapid synthesis of efficient Mo-based electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction in alkaline seawater with 11.28% solar-to-hydrogen efficiency
Authors: Zhao Zhan , Sun Jianpeng , Li Zizhen , Xu Xiaofeng , Zhang Zisheng , Li Chunhu , Wang Liang , Meng Xiangchao
Published: April 2023

Herein, we applied a rapid Joule heating method to fabricate MoNi4 nanoparticles anchored on MoOx nanorods (MoNi4/MoOx) for the electrocatalytic splitting of seawater.
Supercooled water induced hysteretic transition in H2SO4-treated PEDOT:PSS
Authors: Song Xinxin , Liu Yanting , Zhang Youwei , Zhang Butian , Wang Shun
Published: April 2023

A temperature hysteretic transition, induced by supercooled water, is observed in both the electrical conductivity and Raman spectra signals of H2SO4-treated PEDOT:PSS.
Shape memory polymer-based thermal-responsive circuit switches
Authors: Jia Jichen , Wang Junjun , Wang Yapei
Published: April 2023

Accidents and disasters caused by abnormally high temperatures, such as fire accidents and spontaneous combustion phenomenons have frequently hit the headlines in recent years.
Novel insights into the recognition of acetylated histone H4 tail by the TRIM24 PHD-Bromo module
Authors: Bardhan Ishita , Barman Soumen , Roy Anirban , Sudhamalla Babu
Published: April 2023

TRIM24 is a multi-functional chromatin reader, and it binds to the estrogen receptor to activate estrogen-dependent target genes associated with tumor development. TRIM24 is known to ubiquitinate p53 via an N-terminal RING domain and binds a specific combinatorial histone signature of H3K4me0/H3K23ac via its C-terminal plant homeodomain (PHD) and bromodomain (Bromo). Aberrant expression of TRIM24 positively correlates with H3K23ac levels, and high levels of both TRIM24 and H3K23ac predict poor survival of breast cancer patients. Little has been explored about the acetylated histone H4 (H4ac) signatures of TRIM24 and their biological functions. Herein, we report novel H4ac binding partners of TRIM24 and their localization in the genome. Isothermal titration calorimetry binding assay on the histone peptides revealed that the TRIM24 PHD-Bromo preferably binds to H4K5ac, H4K8ac, and H4K5acK8ac compared with other acetylated histone H4 ligands. Co-immunoprecipitation on the endogenous histones suggests that the recognition of H4ac by Bromo does not interfere with the recognition of H3K4me0 mark by the PHD domain of TRIM24. Consistent with this, TRIM24 PHD-Bromo exhibits minimal discrimination among H4ac binding partners at endogenous histone and nucleosome levels. Moreover, ChIP-seq analysis revealed that the H4K5ac and H4K8ac histone signatures strongly co-localize near the transcription start sites of different hub genes or TRIM24-targeted genes in breast cancer. In addition, the KEGG pathway analysis demonstrates that the TRIM24 and its H4ac targets are associated with several important biological pathways. Our findings describe that the H4ac recognition by TRIM24 PHD-Bromo enables access to the chromatin for specific transcriptional regulation.
Hygrothermal ageing characterisation of epoxy resin based on transmission characteristics of microwave resonator with interdigital‐capacitor‐shaped defected ground structure
Authors: Xiao Mi , Zhang Wei , Wang Xuguang
Published: April 2023

In this article, a method is proposed for the characterisation of epoxy resin thermal and hygrothermal ageing based on microwave resonator with interdigital‐capacitor‐shaped defected ground structure (IDCS‐DGS), which can realise rapid and simple non‐destructive testing of the ageing degree of epoxy resin materials. The resonant frequency of IDCS‐DGS was proved to decrease with the increase of dielectric constant of the around material by means of simulation. The breakdown test at high voltage showed the deterioration of epoxy resin after hygrothermal ageing, which is caused by moisture absorption and hydrolysis process. In addition, thermal ageing also caused a decline in the insulation performance of epoxy resin samples. Accelerated oxidation of epoxy resin samples at high temperatures produces polar molecules that increase the dielectric constant of the samples. As for the hygrothermal ageing samples, the entrance of polar water molecules will increase the dielectric constant of epoxy resin, and thus make an effect on the resonant frequency of IDCS‐DGS. The tests of transmission performance show that after the hygrothermally aged epoxy resin samples were put on the microwave sensor, the resonant frequency decreased continuously with hygrothermal ageing time, and the deviations of resonant frequency are highly consistent with the weight variation rate of the samples.
KMT-2021-BLG-2010Lb, KMT-2022-BLG-0371Lb, and KMT-2022-BLG-1013Lb: Three microlensing planets detected via partially covered signals
Authors: Han Cheongho , Lee Chung-Uk , Zang Weicheng , Jung Youn Kil , Christie Grant W. , Zhang Jiyuan , Albrow Michael D. , Chung Sun-Ju , Gould Andrew , Hwang Kyu-Ha , Kim Doeon , Ryu Yoon-Hyun , Shin In-Gu , Shvartzvald Yossi , Yang Hongjing , Yee Jennifer C. , Cha Sang-Mok , Kim Dong-Jin , Kim Seung-Lee , Lee Dong-Joo , Lee Yongseok , Park Byeong-Gon , Pogge Richard W. , Natusch Tim , Mao Shude , Maoz Dan , Penny Matthew T. , Zhu Wei
Published: April 2023

Aims. We inspect the four microlensing events KMT-2021-BLG-1968, KMT-2021-BLG-2010, KMT-2022-BLG-0371, and KMT-2022-BLG-1013, for which the light curves exhibit partially covered short-term central anomalies. We conduct detailed analyses of the events with the aim of revealing the nature of the anomalies.

Methods. We tested various models that can explain the anomalies of the individual events, including the binary-lens (2L1S) and binary-source (1L2S) interpretations. Under the 2L1S interpretation, we thoroughly inspected the parameter space to determine the existence of degenerate solutions, and if they existed, we tested whether the degeneracy could be resolved.

Results. We find that the anomalies in KMT-2021-BLG-2010 and KMT-2022-BLG-1013 are uniquely defined by planetary-lens interpretations with planet-to-host mass ratios of q ~ 2.8 × 10−3 and ~1.6 × 10−3, respectively. For KMT-2022-BLG-0371, a planetary solution with a mass ratio q ~ 4 × 10−4 is strongly favored over the other three degenerate 2L1S solutions with different mass ratios based on the χ2 and relative proper motion arguments, and a 1L2S solution is clearly ruled out. For KMT-2021-BLG-1968, on the other hand, we find that the anomaly can be explained either by a planetary or a binary-source interpretation, making it difficult to firmly identify the nature of the anomaly. From the Bayesian analyses of the identified planetary events, we estimate that the masses of the planet and host are (Mp/MJ, Mh/M⊙) = (1.07−0.68+1.15, 0.37−0.23+0.40), (0.26−0.11+0.13, 0.63−0.28+0.32), and (0.31−0.16+0.46, 0.18−0.10+0.28) for KMT-2021-BLG-2010L, KMT-2022-BLG-0371L, and KMT-2022-BLG-1013L, respectively.
Promoting oil palm-based agroforestry systems: an asset for the sustainability of the sector
Authors: Masure Alix , Martin Pierre , Lacan Xavier , Rafflegeau Sylvain
Published: April 2023

Until recently, the massive development of industrial and smallholder oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) plantations has generally been conducted according to the monocrop model. However, alternative cropping systems have emerged, based on more diversified systems that combine various crops within the oil palm plots. By giving this plant a status equivalent to that of a tree, these practices correspond to agroforestry systems. In the present study, 39 agroforestry systems were identified worldwide through a preliminary literature review, a review of NGO websites and expert surveys. Our results reveal five different types of oil palm agroforestry systems: (i) associations with livestock during the production phase of the oil palm; (ii) traditional African palm and food crop systems sustained over time; (iii) associations with food crops during the juvenile phase of the oil palm; (iv) systems developed by family farms that permanently associate other plants; and (v) prototype designs developed by research institutions, often at the request of local agricultural enterprises. The spatiotemporal description of these systems enabled us to identify associated ecosystem services. Building on various proposals of biodiversity insertion in a monoculture to convert it into an agroforestry system, the present study offers new perspectives for the sustainable development of palm oil production.
Comprehensive utilization of valuable elements in brass alloy rods production through recovery of copper scraps
Authors: Xie Yitong , Shi Lixia , Li Yaqiong , Fu Zhixiang , Zhang Lifeng
Published: April 2023

Brass alloys that meet ASTM C36000 standard were prepared from scrap copper alloys in this study. The mechanical properties of these brass alloy products were measured, and the results showed that yield strength, elongation, tensile strength, and hardness were respectively 164 N/mm2, 37.7%, 383 N/mm2, and 87.7 HV. The flow of elements in the brass alloy production process was also investigated using thermodynamic calculations and microstructural observations. It was discovered that elements such as Al, Mg, Pb, and Cd were easily oxidized as slag; Cd was easily volatilized at high temperatures, and impurities such as Fe, S, and P were precipitated as ZnS and Fe3P inclusions.
Effect of Al and Ti addition on the characteristics of oxide inclusions in Ni-based superalloy
Authors: Wang Linzhu , Zhang Yin , Chen Chaoyi , Li Xiang , Li Junqi , Yang Shufeng
Published: April 2023

The characteristics of inclusions have a significant influence on the performance and fatigue life of Ni-based alloy and some cracks usually initiate and propagate from inclusions. High-temperature experiments were carried out at 1823 K to study the effect of Al and Ti addition on the characteristics of oxide inclusions in Ni-based alloy. The size, number, distance, distribution of oxide inclusions and degree of homogeneity in inclusion dispersion in Ni-based alloy with [%Al]i = 0.3–0.7 and [%Ti]i = 0.7–1.2 (i represent initial addition of deoxidant) were analyzed systematically. It is found that the oxide inclusions in alloys with [%Al]i = 0.7, [%Ti]i = 0.7/1.2 had smaller average size of 2.4 µm and distributed more homogeneously. The Ostwald ripening theory and collision model were applied to point out the relationships among compositions of Ni-based alloy, behaviors of oxide inclusions and their characteristics under the condition of no external stirring. The calculated results were in good agreement with experimental results. The mechanism on obtaining fine and dispersed oxide inclusions in Ni-based alloy was summarized.
Thermal conductivity of alumina-carbon composite brick and its related phase analysis in a dissected blast furnace
Authors: Wang Cui , Cao Jian , Zhang Jianliang , Guo Ziyu , Jiao Kexin , Zhao Yongan
Published: April 2023

Excellent performance of refractories in blast furnace hearth is one of the important factors to ensure longevity of blast furnaces. As an emerging refractory for application in blast furnace, alumina-carbon composite brick combines the superior properties of carbon and alumina. Firstly, the thermal conductivity of alumina-carbon composite brick was measured by the laser flash method and the new device method to verify the feasibility of the new device method for thermal conductivity measurement. Secondly, the influence of heating temperature of the heating furnace and cooling water flow on the thermal conductivity of the alumina-carbon composite brick, and the comparison of the thermal conductivity of carbon brick, alumina-carbon composite brick and corundum brick were investigated to confirm the heat transfer mechanism of alumina-carbon composite brick. High thermal conductivity and erosion resistance to slag and hot metal of the alumina-carbon composite brick are consequent from: (a) reasonable composition combination of Al2O3, C, SiO2, SiC, etc., (b) dense structure, small pore diameter, and uniform distribution of the pores, (c) the generated SiC whiskers and Al6Si2O13, which can fill in the pores and reduce the porosity. Finally, the analysis on the phase distribution of the alumina-carbon composite brick in a dissected blast furnace was performed to illustrate the relationship between the erosion resistance and the thermal conductivity of alumina-carbon composite brick.
Double lag-screw compression for optimal fixation of intertrochanteric fractures with large fragment gap: A technical note
Authors: Karampinas Panagiotis , Galanis Athanasios , Papagrigorakis Eftychios , Vavourakis Michail , Krexi Anastasia , Pneumaticos Spiros , Vlamis John
Published: April 2023

Cephalomedullary nailing of unstable intertrochanteric fractures has been established as a fruitful surgical approach with relatively limited complications. Anatomic fracture reduction and proper implant positioning are vital to attaining a favorable long-term surgical outcome. Appropriate intraoperative fracture compression augments stability and invigorates healing. The amount of compression permitted by cephalomedullary nails cannot always adequately reduce large fragment gaps. This paper presents a novel technical trick of double compression of the fracture site, in order to achieve the essential extra compression and reduction when required, thus decreasing the risk of postoperative implant cut-out. The technique was used in 14 out of 277 peritrochanteric fractures treated with cephalomedullary nailing in our trauma center for 12 months, with satisfactory outcomes regarding both fracture site union and postoperative functional capacity.
Krebsscreening
Authors: Schmale Ine
Published: April 2023

In der prospektiven Studie PATHFINDER (NCT04241796) wurden mit einem Bluttest zur Früherkennung von Krebs getestete Personen ein Jahr lang begleitet und u. a. die Aussagekraft des Tests ausgewertet. Hohe Raten an falsch-positiven und falsch-negativen Ergebnissen machen weitere Schritte notwendig, bevor diese Art der Krebsfrüherkennung in die Anwendung kommen kann.
Diabetische Ketoazidoseraten bei Manifestation eines Typ-1-Diabetes bei Kindern und Jugendlichen in Sachsen
Authors: Manuwald Ulf , Schoffer Olaf , Rothe Ulrike , Kugler Joachim , Kiess Wieland
Published: April 2023

Der Typ-1-Diabetes tritt meist schon im Kindes- und Jugendalter auf. Durch die irreversible Störung der Insulinproduktion bei einem neu manifestierten Diabetes Typ 1 kann die für den Körper benötigte Energie nicht mehr aus Glukose gewonnen werden, sondern ersatzweise aus Fett. Infolge des Fettabbaues kann es dann zu einer diabetische Ketoazidose kommen.

Durch Auswertung des Sächsischen Kinder-Diabetes-Registers konnte eine überproportionale Zunahme an diabetischen Ketoazidosen bei Manifestation gegenüber der ebenfalls, aber nur moderat steigenden Typ-1-Diabetes-Inzidenz verzeichnet werden.

Somit ist ein Präventionsprogramm zur Senkung der Ketoazidoseraten bei Manifestation durch Früherkennung eines Typ-1-Diabetes dringend erforderlich.
Neues zur Diabetesepidemiologie
Authors: Manuwald Ulf , Schoffer Olaf , Rothe Ulrike , Kugler Joachim , Kiess Wieland
Published: April 2023

Das Sächsische Kinder-Diabetes-Register wurde 1999 etabliert. Eine Auswertung der Daten bis 2019 zeigte einen kontinuierlichen Anstieg der Inzidenz und deutete darauf hin, dass die Periodenprävalenz sowie die letzten Inzidenzraten des Typ-1-Diabetes bei Kindern und Jugendlichen in Sachsen sich verringert oder ein Plateau erreicht haben könnten. Durch den in den weiteren Jahren (2020/2021) starken Anstieg der Inzidenz und Prävalenz setzte sich dieses sich damals andeutende Plateau bezüglich des Trends der Periodenprävalenz nicht fort.

Ob dies im Zusammenhang mit COVID19, eine echte Trendzunahme oder ein Zufallseffekt sein könnte, sollte in zukünftigen Studien unter Einbeziehung möglicher korrelierender Umweltfaktoren untersucht werden.
Effects of a Multicomponent Lipid Emulsion on Brain Volumes in Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants
Authors: Costa Simonetta , Cocca Carmen , D'Apolito Gabriella , De Gisi Antonietta , Fattore Simona , Tataranno Maria L. , Benders Manon , Pastorino Roberta , Colosimo Cesare , Vento Giovanni
Published: April 2023

Objective During the early weeks of life optimization of nutrition in extremely preterm infants presents a critical opportunity to attenuate the adverse neurological consequences of prematurity and potentially improve neurodevelopmental outcome. We hypothesized that the use of multicomponent lipid emulsion (MLE) in parenteral nutrition (PN) would be related to larger volume of the cerebellum on brain magnetic resonance at term of equivalent age (TEA) in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants.

Study Design We analyzed the brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at TEA of a cohort of preterm infants with gestational age ≤28 weeks and/or birth weight <1,000 g randomly assigned in our previous trial to receive an MLE or soybean-based lipid emulsion (SLE). The primary outcome of the study was the cerebellar volume (CeV), valued on MRI acquired at TEA. Secondary outcomes included total brain volume (TBV), supratentorial volume, brainstem volume, and CeV corrected for TBV evaluated on MRI acquired at TEA.

Results MRIs at TEA of 34 infants were then analyzed: 17 in the MLE group and 17 in the SLE group. The postmenstrual age (PMA) at which MRIs were performed were comparable between the two study groups. The CeV as well as the PMA-corrected CeV were significantly higher in the MLE group than in the SLE group. No difference was found among the other brain volumes considered.

Conclusion Our results suggest that the use of MLE in PN could promote CeV growth in ELBW infants, valued with MRI at TEA.

Key Points
Sleep and Life Quality in Frail Elderly – A Narrative Review
Authors: Chagas Janeffer de Melo , Santos Eduardo Henrique Rosa , Ronchi Carlos Fernando , Biagini Angelo Piva
Published: April 2023

Introduction Population aging is a growing reality worldwide, characterized by a rapidly developing event that is not always associated with quality of life. Elderly health stands out, pointing to the need for public health policies that ensure effective and resolutive approaches for this population, and should be applied especially by primary health care, through actions that encourage active aging. The present review aimed to identify whether sleep disorders impact the quality of life in frail elderly.

Methods We proceeded with the selection of keywords that led to the search of articles. The search was defined in the Lilacs, PubMed, and Embase databases, conducted from July to November, 2020.We have found a total of 455 articles, of which 9 were included in the present review.

Results The studies obtained subjective (self-report and questionnaires) and objective (devices and exams) data that characterized frailty, disorders, and sleep quality in the elderly. Some studies have found a relationship between frailty and sleep disorders in women, others in men, and some have identified the existence of a relationship between these factors and the age of the participants who composed the samples.

Conclusion Based in our results, we conclude that disorders and poor sleep quality interfere in the quality of life of frail elderly.
Association of Hypovitaminosis D with Sleep Parameters in Rotating Shift Worker Drivers
Authors: de Menezes-Júnior Luiz Antônio Alves , Fajardo Virgínia Capistrano , Neto Raimundo Marques do Nascimento , de Freitas Sílvia Nascimento , Oliveira Fernando Luiz Pereira , Pimenta Fausto Aloísio Pedrosa , Machado-Coelho George Luiz Lins , Meireles Adriana Lúcia
Published: April 2023

Objective To evaluate the association between sleep parameters and hypovitaminosis D in rotating shift drivers.

Material and Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study on 82 male rotating shift workers (24–57 years old) with at least one cardiovascular risk factor (such as hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, abdominal obesity, physical inactivity, hypertension, and smoking). Polysomnography was used to evaluate sleep parameters. Logistic regression was used to model the association between hypovitaminosis D and sleep parameters after adjustment for relevant covariates.

Results Hypovitaminosis D (< 20 ng/mL) was seen in 30.5% of the workers. Shift workers with hypovitaminosis D had lower sleep efficiency (odds ratio [OR]: 3.68; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.95–5.53), lower arterial oxygen saturation (OR: 5.35; 95% CI: 3.37–6.12), and increased microarousal index (OR: 3.85; 95% CI: 1.26–5.63) after adjusting.

Conclusion We suggest that hypovitaminosis D is associated with greater sleep disturbances in rotating shift workers.
Mediating Roles of Stress, Anxiety, and Depression in the Relationship between Constipation and Sleep Quality among the Elderly: Structural Equation Modeling (SEM)
Authors: Papi Shahab , Barmala Azin , Amiri Zeynab , Vakili-Basir Ahmad , Cheraghi Maria , Nejadsadeghi Elham
Published: April 2023

Introduction Sleep quality is an important health index in the elderly. As age increases, changes occur in sleep quality leading to sleep disorders and recurrent complaints. Sleep quality management of the elderly requires identification of its determinants. The present study aimed to determine the mediating roles of stress, anxiety, and depression in the relationship between constipation and sleep quality among the elderly using structural equation modeling (SEM).

Materials and Methods A correlational design was used in the present study through structural equation modeling. In this work, 363 elderlies were examined by multi-stage random sampling. Data collection tools included four questionnaires, namely a demographic information questionnaire, the constipation questionnaire (ROME III), the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-short form, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), which were completed by interview and the self-report method. The SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 22.0, and SPSS AMOS (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) were used to analyze the data.

Results The results indicated that the proposed model had an acceptable fit (p < 0.000, root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] = 0.062, comparative fit index [CFI] = 0.83, goodness-of-fit index [GFI] = 0.87, and Χ2/df = 1.94). The fitted model could explain 60% of the sleep quality variance. According to the proposed model, constipation could significantly predict sleep quality due to the mediation of stress, anxiety, and depression (p < 0.05).

Conclusion The constructs of this model (constipation, stress, anxiety, and depression) can be used as a reference framework to design effective interventions and improve sleep quality in old people.
Beliefs about Healthy Sleep Habits in Adults with Diabetes Compared to Adults without Diabetes: A Reasoned Action Approach Elicitation Study
Authors: Vézina-Im Lydi-Anne , Morin Charles M. , Lapointe Annie , Desroches Sophie
Published: April 2023

Objective Sleep is part of a healthy lifestyle and in adults with diabetes, inadequate sleep is associated with risks of developing complications. The objective was to compare beliefs about healthy sleep habits (HSHs) in adults with versus without diabetes based on the Reasoned Action Approach.

Methods A total of 56 adults with and 98 without diabetes answered open-ended questions regarding their beliefs about: avoiding screen use in bed; having a regular sleep schedule; or avoiding caffeine, alcohol, and cigarettes before bedtime. A qualitative content analysis was used to identify the most important beliefs, similarities, and differences between both groups.

Results Both groups reported that adopting HSHs could improve sleep. Having a regular sleep schedule was perceived to facilitate diabetes management in adults with diabetes. Negative consequences specific to adopting each HSH were identified in both groups. Adopting HSHs was associated with mainly negative emotions (e.g., stress, anxiety, fear) in both groups. Avoiding screen use in bed was associated with anxiety of not knowing blood glucose levels at night in adults with diabetes. Partners, parents, and friends were considered the most important individuals who would approve of adopting HSHs, but they were often perceived as unlikely to adopt HSHs themselves in both groups. Adults with diabetes perceived more barriers to adopting HSHs. Facilitating factors for both groups included removing triggers of unhealthy sleep habits, behavior substitution, using reminders, time management, and social support.

Discussion These beliefs can guide the development of behavioral sleep interventions, including interventions specifically for adults with diabetes.
Taking Heart: Cardiac Symptoms and Nightmares Differentiate Nightmare Proneness and Psychological Distress among Young Adults
Authors: Kelly William E.
Published: April 2023

Introduction Nightmare proneness, a trait-like disposition to experience frequent nightmares, has been strongly related to psychological distress. The aim of the present study was to examine if cardiac symptoms and hypothetically-related variables, nightmares, and perceived physical health could be used to differentiate nightmare proneness and psychological distress.

Materials and Methods In the present cross-sectional study, 254 young adults completed measures of nightmare proneness, psychological distress, cardiac symptoms, nonspecific and posttraumatic nightmares, nightmare distress, health behaviors, perceptions of physical health, perceived stress, Type-D personality, sleep fragmentation, and dream recall.

Results After controlling for psychological distress, nightmare proneness remained significantly correlated with nightmares, nightmare distress, cardiac symptoms, sleep fragmentation, physical health, perceived stress, and Type-D personality. After controlling for nightmare proneness, distress remained correlated with perceived stress and Type-D personality. Regression analyses indicated that after accounting for all variables, nightmare distress, physical health, and nightmare proneness predicted cardiac symptoms. Posttraumatic nightmares, sleep fragmentation, distress, perceived stress, Type-D personality, and chest pain predicted nightmare proneness.

Conclusion Nightmare proneness and psychological distress can be considered separate constructs. The findings were consistent with those of previous research and supported the theoretical propositions that nightmare proneness includes hyperarousal, vulnerability to stressors, and concretization, a mental process in which vague internal states are made more concrete.
Platelet-Released Extracellular Vesicle Characteristics Differ in Chronic and in Acute Heart Disease
Authors: Vilella-Figuerola Alba , Cordero Alberto , Mirabet Sònia , Muñoz-García Natàlia , Suades Rosa , Padró Teresa , Badimon Lina
Published: April 2023

Background Extracellular vesicles (EVs), shed in response to cell activation, stress, or injury, are increased in the blood of patients with cardiovascular disease. EVs are characterized by expressing parental-cell antigens, allowing the determination of their cellular origin. Platelet-derived EVs (pEVs) are the most abundant in blood. Although not universally given, EVs generally express phosphatidylserine (PS) in their membrane.

Objectives To investigate pEVs in chronic and acute conditions, such as chronic heart failure (CHF) and first-onset acute coronary syndrome (ACS), in patients treated as per guidelines.

Methods EVs in CHF patients (n = 119), ACS patients (n = 58), their respective controls (non-CHF [n = 21] and non-ACS [n = 24], respectively), and a reference control group (n = 31) were characterized and quantified by flow cytometry, using monoclonal antibodies against platelet antigens, and annexin V (AV) to determine PS exposure.

Results CHF patients had higher EVs-PS− numbers, while ACS had predominantly EVs-PS+. In contrast to ACS, CHF patients had significantly reduced numbers of pEVs carrying PECAM and αIIb-integrin epitopes (CD31+/AV+, CD41a+/AV+, and CD31+/CD41a+/AV+), while no differences were observed in P-selectin-rich pEVs (CD62P+/AV+) compared with controls. Additionally, background etiology of CHF (ischemic vs. nonischemic) or ACS type (ST-elevation myocardial infarction [STEMI] vs. non-STEMI [NSTEMI]) did not affect pEV levels.

Conclusion PS exposure in EV and pEV-release differ between CHF and ACS patients, with tentatively different functional capacities beyond coagulation to inflammation and cross-talk with other cell types.
Distal Nerve Exploration in the Palm Avoids Nerve Transfer in a Posttraumatic Ulnar Nerve Injury with a Claw Hand
Authors: Jerome J. Terrence Jose
Published: April 2023

Posttraumatic low ulnar nerve injuries develop claw hand and poor hand function. Transferring the opponens pollicis branch of the thenar branch at the palm to the terminal division of the deep branch of the ulnar nerve is an effective distal nerve transfer to restore pinch in low ulnar nerve injuries. The author describes the surgical technique for a 4-month-old low ulnar nerve injury in a 25-year-old man with inconclusive electrodiagnostic findings and no clinical findings of distal nerve recovery. The intraoperative electrical stimulation of the nerve in the palm is a simple method to ensure the reinnervation of the ulnar nerve in a claw hand and muscle wasting. Therefore, all postcut injuries with a low ulnar nerve palsy with claw hands may not need a distal nerve transfer. However, performing distal nerve exploration in the palm is vital in cases of doubtful nerve recovery in a low ulnar nerve palsy with a claw hand.
Effect of Antibiotics and Gut Microbiota on the Development of Sepsis in Children with Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplants
Authors: Potes Daniela , Benavides Iván Darío , Rivera-Franco Nelson , Portilla Carlos A. , Ramirez Oscar , Castillo Andrés , López-Medina Eduardo
Published: April 2023

Objective To describe the association between antibiotic use, gut microbiota composition, and the development of sepsis in pediatric patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) to treat acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Methods A cohort of pediatric patients was followed up between days −30 (pre-HSCT) and +30 (post-HSCT), and sequential stool samples were collected for analysis of the taxonomic composition of bacterial communities by comparing the sequences of the 16s ribosomal RNA gene. Clinically, patients were divided into those with or without sepsis according to their clinical and laboratory data. Gut microbiota was categorized as potentially pathogenic or commensal and was described according to antibiotic use in patients with and without sepsis.

Results A cohort of eight patients provided 34 stool samples at different time points during their pre- and post-HSCT periods. There was a greater diversity in the microbial composition in patients who did not develop sepsis. In contrast, patients who developed sepsis had low microbiota diversity, a slight dominance of the genus Bacteroides and order Enterobacterales, and a low abundance of the genus Akkermansia. The use of antibiotics was associated with a low relative abundance of commensal bacteria, a high relative abundance of potentially pathogenic microbiota, and a risk of sepsis.

Conclusion Our results suggest that gut microbiota sequencing in pediatric HSCT recipients could predict the clinical course and guide direct interventions to improve patient outcomes. Accordingly, short-spectrum, tailored antibiotic therapy could be provided to patients with fever pre- and post-HSCT to prevent dysbiosis and reduce the risk of sepsis.
The effect of coated diamond-like carbon thin films on polymer tooth based denture: Micro-morphology and fractal feature studies
Authors: Karami Hossein , Darabi Elham , Elahi Seyed Mohammad , Shafiekhani Azizollah
Published: April 2023

To consider improving the micromorphology study of dentures combined with biocompatibility in recent years, we study hybrid organic–inorganic materials and diamond-like carbon coated on tooth-based dentures by the sol–gel and the RF sputtering method, respectively. Afterward, the effect of such material coating on the surface roughness and surface topography of dentures was evaluated. Aimed at this, 3D atomic force microscope images were analyzed via MountainsMap® Premium software, which divided the surface into peaks and pits through the watershed segmentation algorithm. This method made motif analysis possible by detecting the surface dimensions, curvature, volume, perimeters, shape, structure, etc., and the obtained statistics indicate interesting results for the regular and irregular topography and the surface of the prepared samples. In addition, the energy-dispersive x-ray spectrum illustrates the existence of N, C, O, Na, and Si in all samples, with the maximum value of C in the diamond-like carbon coated sample, which is because of the highest value of carbon in diamond-like carbon. Scanning electron microscope images also present a series of grooves on the surface with small randomly oriented cracks. The linear interpolation type shows that the surface of diamond-like carbon coated on the hybrid-control sample has the most irregular topography while the most regular topography was found in the hybrid coated control sample.
Rapid cancer cell perineural invasion utilizes amoeboid migration
Authors: Marcadis Andrea R. , Kao Elizabeth , Wang Qi , Chen Chun-Hao , Gusain Laxmi , Powers Ann , Bakst Richard L. , Deborde Sylvie , Wong Richard J.
Published: April 2023

The invasion of nerves by cancer cells, or perineural invasion (PNI), is potentiated by the nerve microenvironment and is associated with adverse clinical outcomes. However, the cancer cell characteristics that enable PNI are poorly defined. Here, we generated cell lines enriched for a rapid neuroinvasive phenotype by serially passaging pancreatic cancer cells in a murine sciatic nerve model of PNI. Cancer cells isolated from the leading edge of nerve invasion showed a progressively increasing nerve invasion velocity with higher passage number. Transcriptome analysis revealed an upregulation of proteins involving the plasma membrane, cell leading edge, and cell movement in the leading neuroinvasive cells. Leading cells progressively became round and blebbed, lost focal adhesions and filipodia, and transitioned from a mesenchymal to amoeboid phenotype. Leading cells acquired an increased ability to migrate through microchannel constrictions and associated more with dorsal root ganglia than nonleading cells. ROCK inhibition reverted leading cells from an amoeboid to mesenchymal phenotype, reduced migration through microchannel constrictions, reduced neurite association, and reduced PNI in a murine sciatic nerve model. Cancer cells with rapid PNI exhibit an amoeboid phenotype, highlighting the plasticity of cancer migration mode in enabling rapid nerve invasion.
Schottky effect on the wavelength threshold for the photo-detachment from charged metallic nanoparticles
Authors: Shneider Mikhail N , Raitses Yevgeny , Yatom Shurik
Published: April 2023

Laser-stimulated electron photo-detachment (LSPD) from nanoscale dust particles is predicted to strongly depend on the particle size. A theory of the electron photo-detachment from charged spherical metallic nanoparticles is presented. This theory is relevant to laser-stimulated photo-detachment applied to measurements of charge of nanoparticles in plasmas. Our theory predicts that the charging of nanoparticles in plasma leads to the appearance of an additional electric field, causing a change in the potential barrier at the particle boundary and consequently, a change in the effective work function, due to the Schottky effect. In this case, the critical wavelength of the laser depends not only on the work function, but also on the charge of the nanoparticles and their size.
Transport of a passive scalar in wide channels with surface topography: An asymptotic theory
Authors: Roggeveen J V , Stone H A , Kurzthaler C
Published: April 2023

We generalize classical dispersion theory for a passive scalar to derive an asymptotic long-time convection–diffusion equation for a solute suspended in a wide, structured channel and subject to a steady low-Reynolds-number shear flow. Our asymptotic theory relies on a domain perturbation approach for small roughness amplitudes of the channel and holds for general surface shapes expandable as a Fourier series. We determine an anisotropic dispersion tensor, which depends on the characteristic wavelengths and amplitude of the surface structure. For surfaces whose corrugations are tilted with respect to the applied flow direction, we find that dispersion along the principal direction (i.e. the principal eigenvector of the dispersion tensor) is at an angle to the main flow direction and becomes enhanced relative to classical Taylor dispersion. In contrast, dispersion perpendicular to it can decrease compared to the short-time diffusivity of the particles. Furthermore, for an arbitrary surface shape represented in terms of a Fourier decomposition, we find that each Fourier mode contributes at leading order a linearly-independent correction to the classical Taylor dispersion diffusion tensor.
Superradiant emission in a high-mobility two-dimensional electron gas
Authors: Barman B , Linn A G , O’Beirne A L , Holleman J , Garcia C , Mapara V , Reno J L , McGill S A , Turkowski V , Karaiskaj D , Hilton D J
Published: April 2023

We use terahertz time-domain spectroscopy to study gallium arsenide two-dimensional electron gas samples in external magnetic field. We measure cyclotron decay as a function of temperature from 0.4 to

10

K

and a quantum confinement dependence of the cyclotron decay time below

T

0

=
1.2

K

. In the wider quantum well, we observe a dramatic enhancement in the decay time due to the reduction in dephasing and the concomitant enhancement of superradiant decay in these systems. We show that the dephasing time in 2DEG’s depends on both the scattering rate and also on the distribution of scattering angles.
A hybrid intelligent rolling bearing fault diagnosis method combining WKN-BiLSTM and attention mechanism
Authors: Wang Jiang , Guo Junyu , Wang Lin , Yang Yulai , Wang Zhiyuan , Wang Rongqiu
Published: April 2023

Fault diagnosis of rolling bearings helps ensure mechanical systems’ safety. The characteristics of temporal and interleaved noise in the bearing fault diagnosis data collected in the industrial field are addressed. This paper proposes a hybrid intelligent fault diagnosis method (WKN-BiLSTM-AM) based on WaveletKernelNetwork (WKN) and bidirectional long-short term memory (BiLSTM) network with attention mechanism (AM). The WKN model is introduced to extract the relevant impact components of defects in the vibration signals, reduce the model training parameters and facilitate the processing of signals containing noise. Then, the fusion of spatial-temporal features is achieved by combining BiLSTM networks to compensate for the lack of individual networks that ignore the dependent information between discontinuous sequences. Finally, the AM module is introduced to improve the feature coding performance of BiLSTM and fault diagnosis accuracy. Comparison and validation between the proposed WKN-BiLSTM-AM method and other state-of-the-art models are given on the Case Western Reserve University and Paderborn University datasets. The experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed model in bearing fault diagnosis, and the model’s generalization capability.
Gyrokinetic simulation of electromagnetic instabilities in the high β
p scenario on EAST
Authors: Zheng S Y , Zhang D B , Yu L M , Zhang X M , Xue E B , Ma L J , Tang R Z , Huang J , Xiao Y , Wu M Q , Ye L , Gong X Z
Published: April 2023

High poloidal beta scenarios with favorable plasma performance (

β

p

∼
2.0
,

H

98

∼
1.3

) have be achieved on Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) since the 2018 international atomic energy agency (IAEA). Linear electromagnetic gyrokinetic simulations using gyrokinetic toroidal code (GTC) code are performed based on the experimental data of a typical high

β

p

discharge on EAST. In the core region of plasma, an electromagnetic instability with similar

β

e

dependence and mode structure with kinetic ballooning mode (KBM) but exhibits positive or nearly zero frequency is observed. This instability is referred as unconventional KBM (UKBM). Simulation results demonstrate that UKBM occurs in low ion–electron temperature ratio conditions and UKBM will transit to KBM when ion–electron temperature is high. Further investigation shows the driven mechanism of UKBM differs at different electron beta region. When the electron beta exceeds the threshold of electrostatic instability to UKBM, UKBM is driven by electron pressure gradient. When electron beta is close to the beta threshold of UKBM, the main driven mechanism is

η

e

. Reversed magnetic shear is found to have a significant stabilize effect on UKBM.
Benchmarking and validation of a hybrid model for electropositive and electronegative capacitively coupled plasmas
Authors: Zhang Yu-Ru , Huang Jia-Wei , Zhou Fang-Jie , Lu Chang , Sun Jing-Yu , Su Zi-Xuan , Wang You-Nian
Published: April 2023

In this work, a fluid/Monte Carlo collision (fluid/MCC) hybrid model is developed based on the framework of multi-physics analysis of plasma sources. This hybrid model could be highly accurate in predicting the nonequilibrium phenomena in capacitively coupled plasmas and meanwhile avoid the limitation caused by the computational cost. Benchmarking against the well-established particle-in-cell/MCC (PIC/MCC) method and comparison with experimental data have been presented both in electropositive N2 discharges and electronegative O2 discharges. The results indicate that in N2 discharges, the ion density evolves from a uniform distribution to an edge-high profile as power increases. Besides, the electron energy distribution function (EEDF) at the bulk center exhibits a ‘hole’ at about 3 eV, and the ‘hole’ becomes less obvious at the radial edge, because more low energy electrons are generated there. In O2 discharges, the EEDF exhibits a Druyvesteyn-like distribution in the bulk region, and it evolves to a Maxwellian distribution in the sheath, indicating the dominant influence of the electric field heating there. The results obtained by the hybrid model agree well with those calculated by the PIC/MCC method, as well as those measured by double probe, except for a slight discrepancy in absolute values. The qualitative agreement achieved in this work validates the potential of this hybrid model as an effective tool in the deep understanding of plasma properties, as well as in the improvement of plasma processing.