bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Linear Antenna Array Pattern Synthesis Using Multi-Verse Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Raghuvanshi Anoop , Sharma Abhinav , Awasthi Abhishek Kumar , Singhal Rahul , Sharma Abhishek , Tiang Sew Sun , Wong Chin Hong , Lim Wei Hong
Published: August 2024

The design of an effective antenna array is a major challenge encountered in most communication systems. A much-needed requirement is obtaining a directional and high-gain radiation pattern. This study deals with the design of a linear antenna array that radiates with reduced peak-side lobe levels (PSLL), decreases side-lobe average power with and without the first null beamwidth (FNBW) constraint, places deep nulls in the desired direction, and minimizes the close-in-side lobe levels (CSLL). The nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithm multi-verse optimization (MVO) is explored with other state-of-the-art algorithms to optimize the parameters of the antenna array. MVO is a global search method that is less prone to being stuck in the local optimal solution, providing a better alternative for beam-pattern synthesis. Eleven design examples have been demonstrated, which optimizes the amplitude and position of antenna array elements. The simulation results illustrate that MVO outperforms other algorithms in all the design examples and greatly enhances the radiation characteristics, thus promoting industrial innovation in antenna array design. In addition, the MVO algorithm’s performance was validated using the Wilcoxon non-parametric test.
Exploring the Technological Advances and Opportunities of Developing Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles: Based on Patent Analysis
Authors: Yuan Yuxin , Duan Xuliang , Yuan Xiaodong
Published: August 2024

In general, the fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) is regarded as more environmentally friendly than other vehicles. However, the commercialization of FCEV technology is hardly fulfilled due to high-cost fuel cells and an inadequate refueling infrastructure. Different technological trajectories of fuel cells are fiercely competitive, and related technologies are iterating quickly. It is an open issue in terms of what are the technological advances achieved or the opportunities for innovators. The paper proposes a novel approach to identify the key components of an FCEV by constructing the directed co-occurrence network of the International Patent Classification (IPC) and then adopts the Natural Language Processing (NLP) to construct the matrix of technology characteristics and functions. It is suitable to analyze the sentence structure of Subject–Action–Object (SAO) in patent documents by utilizing the NLP technology, which can help computers understand the text and communicate with us. The paper finds that the advances achieved in the fuel cell field are fuel cell composition, manufacturing fuel cells, and providing energy using fuel cells, and the advance in electric motors is supplying power for fuel cell vehicles, while the advances in hydrogen storage are to manage and store hydrogen. By contrast, the opportunities for innovators are to develop the control, diagnosis, and performance of the control system and hydrogen filling. This paper will be a contribution towards a better understanding of the advances and opportunities for developing FCEV technology.
Research on the Structural Performance of Liquid Nitrogen Ice Plugs on Nuclear Power Pipes
Authors: Zhang Wei , Xu Ke , Hu Minglei , Liang Huijie , Chen Hao , Wang Liqun , Feng Yongqiang
Published: August 2024

Nuclear energy, as an important component of the power system, has become a key focus of future energy development research. Various equipment and pipelines in nuclear power plants require regular inspection, maintenance, and repair. The pipelines in nuclear power plants are typically large, necessitating a device that can locally isolate sections of the pipeline during maintenance operations. Ice plug freezing technology, an economical and efficient method for maintaining and replacing equipment without shutdown, has been widely applied in nuclear power plants. The structure of the ice plug jacket, a type of low-temperature jacket heat exchanger, affects the flow path of the working fluid within the jacket and consequently impacts heat transfer. This study utilizes Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to establish five types of jacket structures: standard, center-offset (center-in, side-out), helical, helical fin, and labyrinth. The effects of different structures on the freezing characteristics of ice plugs are analyzed and compared. The research indicates that the labyrinth jacket enhances the heat transfer performance between liquid nitrogen and the liquid inside the pipe, forming a larger ice layer at the same liquid nitrogen flow rate. Additionally, the standard jacket has the shortest sealing time at high liquid nitrogen flow rates.
CO2 Storage in Subsurface Formations: Impact of Formation Damage
Authors: Shokrollahi Amin , Mobasher Syeda Sara , Prempeh Kofi Ohemeng Kyei , George Parker William , Zeinijahromi Abbas , Farajzadeh Rouhi , Zulkifli Nazliah Nazma , Mahammad Amir Mohammad Iqbal , Bedrikovetsky Pavel
Published: August 2024

The success of CO2 storage projects largely depends on addressing formation damage, such as salt precipitation, hydrate formation, and fines migration. While analytical models for reservoir behaviour during CO2 storage in aquifers and depleted gas fields are widely available, models addressing formation damage and injectivity decline are scarce. This work aims to develop an analytical model for CO2 injection in a layer-cake reservoir, considering permeability damage. We extend Dietz’s model for gravity-dominant flows by incorporating an abrupt permeability decrease upon the gas-water interface arrival in each layer. The exact Buckley-Leverett solution of the averaged quasi-2D (x, z) problem provides explicit formulae for sweep efficiency, well impedance, and skin factor of the injection well. Our findings reveal that despite the induced permeability decline and subsequent well impedance increase, reservoir sweep efficiency improves, enhancing storage capacity by involving a larger rock volume in CO2 sequestration. The formation damage factor d, representing the ratio between damaged and initial permeabilities, varies from 0.016 in highly damaged rock to 1 in undamaged rock, resulting in a sweep efficiency enhancement from 1–3% to 50–53%. The developed analytical model was applied to predict CO2 injection into a depleted gas field.
A Flexible Control Strategy for Multi-Functional PV Inverters with Load Compensation Capabilities Considering Current Limitations and Unbalanced Load Conditions
Authors: Osorio Fausto , Mantilla María A. , Rey Juan M. , Petit Johann F.
Published: August 2024

Multi-functional photovoltaic (PV) inverters incorporate ancillary services to enhance power quality and mitigate stability issues in distribution networks. These next-generation PV inverters will achieve a higher utilization of the inverter’s rated capacity, improving the cost-effectiveness of PV technology. However, the power required to perform ancillary services, such as load compensation capabilities, could exceed the inverter’s capacity, risking the components’ integrity. Therefore, multi-functional control algorithms must limit the power capacity according to the system’s nominal currents. Despite this, most control proposals do not address this issue when load balancing capabilities are included for PV inverter control. This paper proposes a flexible control strategy for three-phase multi-functional PV inverters, considering load balancing functionalities while keeping the inverter currents within safe operating limits. The proposal introduces two control parameters whose variation results in different load compensation capabilities. These parameters can be adapted dynamically according to the inverter rated capacity not used for active power injection and the load compensation requirements. Additionally, a control algorithm is proposed to limit the inverter current according to the nominal values supported by the device. This algorithm also allows setting compensation objectives following a priority scheme in which the injection of the PV active power is prioritized over the load compensation functionalities. Reactive power compensation and load balancing functionalities are also considered at a lower level of hierarchical priority. The proposal was evaluated through experimental tests on a multi-functional PV inverter prototype under various operational conditions. The experimental results show an excellent control strategy performance, achieving the control objectives under unbalanced load conditions.
Breakdown Time Phenomena: Analyzing the Conductive Channel of Positive Impulse Voltage Discharges under Standard Temperature and Pressure Air Conditions
Authors: Ikhwanus Muhammad , Morimoto Takeshi
Published: August 2024

Even though the streamer process can be identified in nanoseconds and microseconds through experimental measurements, the breakdown time of air discharge is still unknown. The instability of electrons is suspected to be an attachment-instability phenomenon of the channel conductivity. We investigated breakdown time across milliseconds to better understand how the oxygen excitations of the 200–400 nm range influence a high-conductivity channel even with a weaker applied voltage. Experiments were performed with positive impulse voltages ranging from +42 to +75 kV in the step of +6 kV at a 3 cm gap between needle-to-plane electrodes in a horizontal configuration. A spectrometer with an integration time of 70 ms was used to capture the spectra during voltage discharge. The shortest breakdown time was found at +60 kV with 77 ns compared to +66, +72, and +75 kV. We conclude that the shorter breakdown time at +60 kV is primarily due to the oxygen-excited state in O IV at 262.999 nm. This state helps maintain electron flow by preventing electron loss, with a decay time of 2.5 µs, while releasing Joule heat at a temperature of 26,003 K, which optimizes conductivity. This process occurs before the recombination of the O I line at 777.417 nm, which has a significantly shorter decay time of 27 ns.
Enhancing Fire Protection in Electric Vehicle Batteries Based on Thermal Energy Storage Systems Using Machine Learning and Feature Engineering
Authors: Kiasari Mahmoud M. , Aly Hamed H.
Published: August 2024

Thermal Energy Storage (TES) plays a pivotal role in the fire protection of Li-ion batteries, especially for the high-voltage (HV) battery systems in Electrical Vehicles (EVs). This study covers the application of TES in mitigating thermal runaway risks during different battery charging/discharging conditions known as Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) and Grid-to-vehicle (G2V). Through controlled simulations in Simulink, this research models real-world scenarios to analyze the effectiveness of TES in controlling battery conditions under various environmental conditions. This study also integrates Machine Learning (ML) techniques to utilize the produced data by the simulation model and to predict any probable thermal spikes and enhance the system reliability, focusing on crucial factors like battery temperature, current, or State of charge (SoC). Feature engineering is also employed to identify the key parameters among all features that are considered for this study. For a broad comparison among different models, three different ML techniques, logistic regression, support vector machine (SVM), and Naïve Bayes, have been used alongside their hybrid combination to determine the most accurate one for the related topic. This study concludes that SoC is the most significant factor affecting thermal management while grid power consumption has the least impact. Additionally, the findings demonstrate that logistic regression outperforms other methods, with the improving feature to be used in the hybrid models as it can increase their efficiency due to its linearity capture capability.
Research on Passenger Evacuation in Cruise Ship Theatres under the Dynamic Influence of Fire Products
Authors: Zhang Tao , Cai Wei , Hu Min , Xiong Gaohan
Published: August 2024

The study of fire simulation and emergency evacuation in cruise ships is a challenging aspect of cruise safety research. Investigating the impact of fire byproducts on passenger evacuation is a critical issue that urgently needs to be addressed. This paper utilizes PyroSim 2022 software to establish five fire cases, analysing the fire products concentration under each case. The influence of fire products on passenger evacuation was analysed using PathFinder. The results showed that when the fire source is in the stage area, the impact of fire byproducts on passenger evacuation is relatively minor. However, when the fire source is near the exit, especially in cases 1 and 2, fire byproducts tend to accumulate in the right area of the second floor, significantly affecting passenger evacuation. Moreover, during the evacuation process, a large number of passengers exhibit herd behaviour, leading to some passengers being unable to evacuate safely. To address the congestion issue, an optimized evacuation guidance plan is proposed, that can effectively improve evacuation efficiency and reduce the average congestion time per person. This has a positive role in enhancing the safety level of cruise ship fires.
Study on the Thermal Effects and Characteristics of Free Radical Evolution in Coal Oxidation at Different Moisture Content
Authors: Zhang Yanni , Zhai Fangyan , Yao Di , Deng Jun , Shu Pan , Duan Zhengxiao
Published: August 2024

To investigate the influence of moisture on the exothermic properties of coal oxidation, this study investigated the variation in thermal effect and radical parameters in the oxidation process of coal under different moisture content. This was achieved through thermogravimetric–differential thermal experiments and electron spin resonance experiments. Additionally, the study analyzed the impact of free radicals on the characteristics of the thermal effect of coal at different oxidation stages using the product–moment correlation method. The results indicate that the moisture content of 8% is a critical point for promoting or inhibiting the oxidation reaction of coal. Below this threshold, it promotes the oxidation reaction, while above it, it plays an inhibitory role. The most significant promotional effect was observed at 8% moisture content, which increased both the weight loss and heat release by 8.61% and 1567.04 J/g, respectively, while also significantly enhancing free radical species and complexity. Conversely, when the moisture content of coal reached 20%, there was a notable inhibition effect, with a reduced weight loss and exothermic capacity by 4.94% and 2705.03 J/g, respectively, along with decreased free radical species and complexity. The free radical species and heat effect parameters in coal showed a strong correlation at all stages of low-temperature oxidation, thus indicating that g-factor can characterize the coal oxidation process to some extent.
Nonlinear Wrinkling Dynamics of a Multi-Component Vesicle (2D)
Authors: Zhao Meng , Liu Kai
Published: August 2024

This paper investigates wrinkling dynamics of two-dimensional multicomponent vesicles subjected to time-dependent extensional flow. By employing a non-stiff, pseudo-spectral boundary integral approach, we inspect the wrinkling patterns that arise due to negative surface tension and differential bending within a two-phase system. We focus on the formation and evolution of the wrinkling behaviors under diverse phase concentrations, extensional rates, and vesicle sphericity. Our findings demonstrate that for slightly perturbed circular vesicles, the numerical simulations align well with perturbation theory. For elongated vesicles, the wrinkling patterns vary significantly between phases, primarily influenced by their respective bending moduli. In weak flows, buckling behaviors are observed for elongated vesicles, where the membrane bends inward in regions with lower bending modulus.
Purification and Identification of Novel Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV Inhibitory Peptides Derived from Bighead Carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis)
Authors: Zheng Hanzhi , Zhao Leyan , Xie Yushuo , Tan Yuqing
Published: August 2024

Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors are widely used in treating type 2 diabetes due to their ability to lower blood glucose levels. However, synthetic versions often lead to gastrointestinal side effects. This study explores DPP-IV inhibitory properties in peptides from bighead carp skin. Collagen was prepared, hydrolyzed into collagen peptides, and then fractionated for DPP-IV inhibitory activity examination. The most effective fractions were identified, and their peptide sequences were determined. Molecular docking analysis identified nine peptides with potential inhibitory activity, four of which (VYP, FVA, PPGF, PGLVG) were synthesized and tested in vitro. PPGF exhibited the highest potency with an IC50 of 4.63 nM, competitively binding to key DPP-IV sites, including ARG125, VAL711, TYR666, and TYR662. Other peptides showed varying effectiveness, with IC50 values of 398.87 nM (VYP), 402.02 nM (FVA), and 110.20 nM (PGLVG). These findings highlight bighead carp skin peptides as potent DPP-IV inhibitors with hypoglycemic potential, suggesting a novel avenue for diabetes management using natural peptides. Moreover, this research underscores the utilization of bighead carp by-products, contributing to environmental sustainability.
Comparison of Volatile Compounds in Jingshan Green Tea Scented with Different Flowers Using GC-IMS and GC-MS Analyses
Authors: Hou Zhiwei , Chen Ziyue , Li Le , Chen Hongping , Zhang Huiyuan , Liu Sitong , Zhang Ran , Song Qiyue , Chen Yuxuan , Su Zhucheng , Xu Liying
Published: August 2024

Scented green tea (Camellia sinensis) is a type of reprocessed green tea produced by scenting with flowers. To investigate the differences in the volatiles of scented green tea processed with four different flowers (Jasminum sambac, Osmanthus fragrans, Michelia alba, and Rosa rugosa), gas chromatography–ion mobility spectrometry (GC–IMS) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) were employed to detect and identify the volatile compounds in the four types of scented teas. GC–IMS and GC–MS identified 108 and 101 volatile compounds, respectively. The key characteristic volatile compounds, namely indole, linalool, β-myrcene, benzyl acetate, and ethyl benzoate (jasmine tea); cedrol, (E)-β-ionone, γ-decalactone, and dihydro-β-ionol (osmanthus tea); geraniol, phenylethyl alcohol, jasmone, methyl jasmonate, hexadecanoic acid, 4-ethyl-benzaldehyde, 2-methylbutyl hexanoate, and indole (michelia tea); and 3,5-dimethoxytoluene, (E)-β-ionone, and 2-methylbutyl hexanoate (rose tea), were identified through chemometric analysis combined with relative odor activity values (ROAVs) and sensory evaluation. This study provides new insights into the formation of aroma molecular fingerprints during green tea scenting with flowers, providing theoretical guidance for infusing distinct aroma characteristics into green tea during scented tea processing.
Machine Learning Models to Classify Shiitake Mushrooms (Lentinula edodes) According to Their Geographical Origin Labeling
Authors: Rodríguez-Fernández Raquel , Fernández-Gómez Ángela , Mejuto Juan C. , Astray Gonzalo
Published: August 2024

The shiitake mushroom has gained popularity in the last decade, ranking second in the world for mushrooms consumed, providing consumers with a wide variety of nutritional and healthy benefits. It is often not clear the origin of these mushrooms, so it becomes of great importance to the consumers. In this research, different machine learning algorithms were developed to determine the geographical origin of shiitake mushrooms (Lentinula edodes) consumed in Korea, based on experimental data reported in the literature (δ13C, δ15N, δ18O, δ34S, and origin). Regarding the origin of shiitake in three categories (Korean, Chinese, and mushrooms from Chinese inoculated sawdust blocks), the random forest model presents the highest accuracy value (0.940) and the highest kappa value (0.908) for the validation phase. To determine the origin of shiitake mushrooms in two categories (Korean and Chinese, including mushrooms from Chinese inoculated sawdust blocks in the latter ones), the support vector machine model is chosen as the best model due to the high accuracy (0.988) and kappa (0.975) values for the validation phase. Finally, to determine the origin in two categories (Korean and Chinese, but this time including the mushrooms from Chinese inoculated sawdust blocks in the Korean ones), the best model is the random forest due to its higher accuracy value (0.952) in the validation phase (kappa value of 0.869). The accuracy values in the testing phase for the best selected models are acceptable (between 0.839 and 0.964); therefore, the predictive capacity of the models could be acceptable for their use in real applications. This allows us to affirm that machine learning algorithms would be suitable modeling instruments to determine the geographical origin of shiitake.
Dementia Care Nursing for Apathetic Older Patients: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Doi Mana , Tanaka Asumi , Nemoto Nanae , Watanabe Tenna , Kanoya Yuka
Published: August 2024

The number of patients hospitalized with dementia is increasing, but one symptom, apathy, tends to be overlooked and unaddressed. Thus, this study determines how nurses certified in dementia nursing engage with older patients with dementia who exhibit apathy during hospitalization. A qualitative study using semi-structured interviews with 10 dementia care nurses in Japan was conducted. Through conventional content analysis, 10 categories were generated. They included (1) initiating patient engagement when their physiological or daily-life problems become more pronounced, (2) assessing and identifying the causes of decreased motivation from multiple perspectives, (3) assessing patients from multiple perspectives to determine the best way to start supporting them, (4) providing reassurance through basic dementia care, (5) incorporating pleasant stimuli into the hospital environment, (6) providing care based on patients’ circumstances and abilities by collaborating with multiple professionals. Nurses initiate involvement with patients when their daily life problems become more pronounced. They conduct comprehensive assessments from multiple perspectives and collaborate with other professionals to ensure patient care and safety. They also extend their support to patients’ families and maintain long-term involvement. Apathetic older patients benefit from basic nursing care practices and a patient-centered approach, which do not require specialization or additional costs and resources.
Emergence of Atrial Fibrillation and Flutter in COVID-19 Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Bhuiya Tanzim , Shah Paras P. , Lau Wing Hang , Park Timothy , Munshi Rezwan F. , Hai Ofek , Zeltser Roman , Makaryus Amgad N.
Published: August 2024

COVID-19 is associated with various cardiovascular complications, including arrhythmias. This study investigated the incidence of new-onset atrial fibrillation (AFB) and atrial flutter (AFL) in COVID-19 patients and identified potential risk factors. We conducted a retrospective cohort study at a tertiary-care safety-net community hospital including 647 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 from March 2020 to March 2021. Patients with a prior history of AFB or AFL were excluded. Data on demographics, clinical characteristics, and outcomes were collected and analyzed using chi-square tests, t-tests, and binary logistic regression. We found that 69 patients (10.66%) developed AFB or AFL, with 41 patients (6.34%) experiencing new-onset arrhythmias. The incidence rates for new-onset AFB and AFL were 5.4% and 0.9%, respectively. Older age (≥65 years) was significantly associated with new-onset AFB/AFL (OR: 5.43; 95% CI: 2.31–12.77; p < 0.001), as was the development of sepsis (OR: 2.73; 95% CI: 1.31–5.70; p = 0.008). No significant association was found with patient sex. Our findings indicate that new-onset atrial arrhythmias are a significant complication in COVID-19 patients, particularly among the elderly and those with sepsis. This highlights the need for targeted monitoring and management strategies to mitigate the burden of atrial arrhythmias in high-risk populations during COVID-19 infection.
Population Distribution and Patients’ Awareness of Food Impaction: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Zhao Zhe , He Zikang , Liu Xiang , Wang Qing , Zhou Ming , Wang Fu , Chen Jihua
Published: August 2024

Background: Food impaction can contribute to a variety of oral health problems. However, the prevalence of food impaction in the population and patient awareness of these issues are poorly reported on. Methods: A questionnaire about food impaction was designed and uploaded to an online platform (Sojump) which was then circulated among the study participants using various social media platforms. Participants were asked to anonymously respond to the questionnaire regarding the prevalence of food impaction, its influence on their quality of life, their consultation rates and their oral cleaning methods. The survey was conducted through an online survey portal. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS and GraphPad. The Chi-Square test, Bonferroni test and the Kruskal–Wallis H test were used to measure categorical variables from the survey. Results: The results showed that the prevalence of food impaction in non-dental professional participants was 86.9%. Among these patients, 12,157 pairs/cases of proximal contacts were affected. The number of food impaction cases in posterior teeth was significantly higher than in anterior teeth. Approximately 81.9% of patients believed that food impaction could affect their lives. However, the consultation rate for these patients was only 17.7%. Conclusions: This study revealed that food impaction continued to have a high rate of incidence and a low rate of consultation, potentially due to a lack of awareness regarding its influence on oral health. To effectively prevent and address problems resulting from food impaction, both dentists and society need to enhance oral health knowledge in the population.
Managing Virtual Presenteeism during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Multilevel Study on Managers’ Stress Management Competencies to Foster Functional Presenteeism
Authors: Salvoni Sandra , Biron Caroline , Gilbert Marie-Hélène , Dextras-Gauthier Julie , Ivers Hans
Published: August 2024

Teleworking remains an attractive option for many workers since the COVID-19 pandemic, but it presents significant management challenges, particularly when employees face health issues. The management of virtual presenteeism, where employees continue teleworking despite being ill, has received limited attention. This study explores the relationship between managers’ stress management competencies (SMCs), mental health, and job performance of virtual presentees, aiming to fostering more functional presenteeism. We examine whether managers’ SMCs promote functional presenteeism by comparing managers’ self-assessments with employee assessments, and analyzing how agreement levels between the two affect mental health and job performance. Data were collected from 365 teleworkers supervised by 157 managers in a large public organization in Québec. The results indicate that virtual presentees’ mental health and job performance are closely linked to employees’ assessment of their managers’ SMCs. Employees who agreed with their manager or overestimated their managers’ SMCs exhibited better mental health and job performance than those who agreed with their manager on low SMCs or underestimated their managers. This study expands on the health-performance framework of presenteeism and self-other agreements, highlighting management practices that should be enhanced in the context of virtual presenteeism.
Assessment of Health-Related Quality of Life of Stroke Survivors in Southeast Communities in Nigeria
Authors: Adigwe Gloria Ada , Alloh Folashade , Smith Patricia , Tribe Rachel , Regmi Pramod
Published: August 2024

The prevalence of stroke in Nigeria has continued to be a major public health challenge. Recovery from a stroke episode can be a long-impacting process with reduced quality of life outcomes. Past studies have explored the quality of life (QoL) of stroke survivors. However, none have explored the QoL of stroke survivors in Southeastern Nigeria. This study therefore describes the QoL of Nigerian stroke survivors in Southeastern Nigeria. One hundred and one participants (44 male and 58 female) were recruited into the study. QoL domains were assessed using the stroke-specific Health-Related Quality of Life in Stroke Patients (HRQOLISP). The physical domain was significantly lower than other domains measured (mean = 2.52, SD = 0.76), contributing to poor quality of life. On the other hand, the spiritual domain had the greatest positive influence on QoL (mean = 3.70, SD = 0.50). We found the physical domain was the poorest part of stroke survivors’ stroke experience. The spiritual domain had a positive impact on improving QoL. There is a need for research on interventions relating to the physical rehabilitation of stroke survivors and a review of how the spiritual domain can be enhanced to improve QoL.
Trading Cloud Computing Stocks Using SMA
Authors: Zheng Xianrong , Li Lingyu
Published: August 2024

As cloud computing adoption becomes mainstream, the cloud services market offers vast profits. Moreover, serverless computing, the next stage of cloud computing, comes with huge economic potential. To capitalize on this trend, investors are interested in trading cloud stocks. As high-growth technology stocks, investing in cloud stocks is both rewarding and challenging. The research question here is how a trading strategy will perform on cloud stocks. As a result, this paper employs an effective method—Simple Moving Average (SMA)—to trade cloud stocks. To evaluate its performance, we conducted extensive experiments with real market data that spans over 23 years. Results show that SMA can achieve satisfying performance in terms of several measures, including MAE, RMSE, and R-squared.
Towards an Urban Planning Scenario Model System—A Tool for Exploring Urban Uncertainty: A Case Study of Diaozhen, China
Authors: Li Xuefei , Zhao Liang , Yang Yang , Liu Danni , Li Baizhen , Liu Chunlu
Published: August 2024

The ‘Urban Interaction’ project aims to develop an urban planning model system at the scale of towns or small cities consisting of three modules: growth forecast, land-use decision, and evaluation. This paper presents the framework of the model system to identify and discuss the assumptions and theoretical basis of the model system. The model system will be driven by scenario planning theory and sustainable urban development principles. It will export land-use planning based on selected urban development scenarios and urban planning theories. This paper takes Diao Town in Jinan as an example. Applying GIS spatial analysis and hierarchical analysis, this paper determines the suitability of land use and the weights of different influencing factors, combined with the land-use conflict identification model, for land-use decision-making. Finally, the assessment module verifies whether the planning scheme complies with laws and regulations to achieve an active, reactive response to uncertainty. The paper discusses the ‘uncertainty’ of urban planning and proposes a creative, flexible, and timely planning platform that allows planners and other participants to model and visualize their scenarios.
Effects of Environmental Conditions on Athlete’s Cardiovascular System
Authors: Segreti Andrea , Celeski Mihail , Guerra Emiliano , Crispino Simone Pasquale , Vespasiano Francesca , Buzzelli Lorenzo , Fossati Chiara , Papalia Rocco , Pigozzi Fabio , Grigioni Francesco
Published: August 2024

Environmental factors such as extreme temperatures, humidity, wind, pollution, altitude, and diving can significantly impact athletes’ cardiovascular systems, potentially hindering their performance, particularly in outdoor sports. The urgency of this issue is heightened by the increasing prevalence of climate change and its associated conditions, including fluctuating pollution levels, temperature variations, and the spread of infectious diseases. Despite its critical importance, this topic is often overlooked in sports medicine. This narrative review seeks to address this gap by providing a comprehensive, evidence-based evaluation of how athletes respond to environmental stresses. A thorough assessment of current knowledge is essential to better prepare athletes for competition under environmental stress and to minimize the harmful effects of these factors. Specifically, adaptative strategies and preventative measures are vital to mitigating these environmental influences and ensuring athletes’ safety.
Analysis of Research Trends in Ultrasound-Guided Acupuncture and Dry-Needling: A Scoping Review
Authors: Shin Hyunwook , Woo Hyeonjun , Han Yunhee , Choi Seungkwan , Jo Jungho , Jeon Seojae , Ha Wonbae , Lee Junghan
Published: August 2024

Background: This study aimed to summarize the current status of research on ultrasound-guided acupuncture and dry-needling treatment and the specific treatment methods applied to patients. Methods: A scoping review was conducted, surveying three English databases (PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library) for studies published up to May 2024. All studies related to ultrasound-guided acupuncture and dry-needling treatment were considered. Literature was selected using selection and exclusion criteria, and extracted and organized using EndNote. Results: A total of 107 eligible studies were included. Among the 107 studies, non-comparative studies accounted for the largest proportion (n = 47, 43.9%), followed by randomized controlled trials (RCTs; n = 41, 38.3%). Diseases of the musculoskeletal system or connective tissue (15 diseases of the musculoskeletal system or connective tissue) accounted for most (n = 48, 55.8%) of the 86 diseases studied, followed by symptoms, signs, or clinical conditions not otherwise classified (n = 17, 19.8%). Conclusions: Ultrasound-guided acupuncture and dry-needling have been actively studied and applied for the treatment of various diseases. However, higher-quality studies are needed for further applications in research and clinical practice.
The Effects of Dry-Needling Therapy on the Quality of Life in Athletes with Myofascial Pain Syndrome: Repeated Measures Design Study
Authors: Pavlović Bojan , Toskić Lazar , Cicović Vanja , Cicović Borislav , Stanković Veroljub
Published: August 2024

Background: This study aims to investigate the effects of dry-needling treatment on the quality of life in athletes with myofascial pain syndrome (MPS). Methods: The participants included in the study were 50 athletes (38 males and 12 females) diagnosed with MPS. The treatments were carried out in four sessions, 5/7 days apart on 55 muscles in total. A 36-item health survey (SF-36) was implemented to determine the participants’ quality of life. The chi-square test was used to determine the differences between measurements. Results: Dry-needling treatment has a positive influence on self-perspective of physical functioning (p = 0.011, on average), physical problems (p = 0.001, on average), emotional problems (p = 0.004, on average), social functioning (p = 0.001, on average), pain (p = 0.001, on average), and mental health and vitality (p = 0.001, on average) in athletes with MPS. The only quality-of-life dimension not influenced by the dry-needling treatment is the general health perception (p = 0.340, on average). Conclusions: Dry-needling therapy has positive effects on the perception of quality of life in athletes with MPS.
Expanding Horizons in Cardiac Transplant: Efficacy and Outcomes of Circulatory and Brain Death Donor Hearts in a Newly Implemented Cardiac Transplant Program with Limited Donor Accessibility and a Literature Review
Authors: Groba Marco Maria del Val , Cabrera Santana Miriam , Galvan Ruiz Mario , Fernandez de Sanmamed Miguel , Romero Lujan Jose Luis , Gonzalez Martin Jesus Maria , Santana Ortega Luis , Espinar María Vazquez , Portela Torron Francisco , Peña Morant Vicente , Caballero Dorta Eduardo Jose , Garcia Quintana Antonio
Published: August 2024

(1) Background: Cardiac donation after circulatory death (DCD) is an emerging paradigm in organ transplantation. However, this technique is recent and has only been implemented by highly experienced centers. This study compares the characteristics and outcomes of thoraco-abdominal normothermic regional perfusion (TANRP) and static cold-storage DCD and traditional donation after brain death (DBD) cardiac transplants (CT) in a newly stablished transplant program with restricted donor availability. (2) Method: We performed a retrospective, single-center study of all adult patients who underwent a CT between November 2019 and December 2023, with a follow-up conducted until August 2024. Data were retrieved from medical records. A review of the current literature on DCD CT was conducted to provide a broader context for our findings. The primary outcome was survival at 6 months after transplantation. (3) Results: During the study period, 76 adults (median age 56 years [IQR: 50–63 years]) underwent CT, and 12 (16%) were DCD donors. DCD donors had a similar age (46 vs. 47 years, p = 0.727), were mostly male (92%), and one patient had left ventricular dysfunction during the intraoperative DCD process. There were no significant differences in recipients’ characteristics. Survival was similar in the DCD group compared to DBD at 6 months (100 vs. 94%) and 12 months post-CT survival (92% vs. 94%), p = 0.82. There was no primary graft dysfunction in the DCD group (9% in DBD, p = 0.581). The median total hospital stay was longer in the DCD group (46 vs. 21 days, p = 0.021). An increase of 150% in transplantation activity due to DCD was estimated. (4) Conclusions: In a new CT program that utilized older donors and included recipients with similar illnesses and comorbidities, comparable outcomes between DCD and DBD hearts were observed. DCD was rapidly incorporated into the transplant activity, demonstrating an expedited learning curve and significantly increasing the availability of donor hearts.
Fat Grafting and Prepectoral Prosthetic Reconstruction with Polyurethane-Covered Implants: Protective Role against Adjuvant Radiotherapy
Authors: Barone Adesi Liliana , Taraschi Federico , Macrì Giulia , Scardina Lorenzo , Di Leone Alba , Franceschini Gianluca , Salgarello Marzia
Published: August 2024

Background/Objectives: Breast cancer treatment increasingly incorporates immediate prepectoral prosthetic reconstruction after conservative mastectomy, including nipple-sparing (NSMs) and skin-sparing mastectomies (SSMs). Although recent data from the literature show that postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) after prepectoral reconstruction presents good clinical results, with reduction in capsular contracture and implant migration, compared to the traditional submuscular technique, these patients have higher rates of long-term complications when compared with nonradiated patients. This study evaluates the protective effects of autologous fat grafting to reduce long-term radiotherapy-induced complications in breast cancer patients submitted for prepectoral reconstruction with polyurethane-covered (PU) implants. Methods: A pilot study with two parallel cohorts of patients undergoing an NSM or SSM followed by PMRT was conducted. Patients were randomly assigned to either of the two groups to ensure homogeneity. One cohort underwent autologous fat grafting sessions, individually tailored based on periodic evaluations by the principal investigator (PI), M. Salgarello, at least six months after PMRT. The control group received standard clinical follow-ups without fat grafting. Inclusion criteria ensured participants were disease-free, non-smokers, and had a LENT-SOMA score within 2. Results: Preliminary findings indicate significant differences between the groups, with improved outcomes observed in patients undergoing tailored lipofilling. Specifically, these patients experienced a notable reduction in capsular contracture severity and reported higher satisfaction with the aesthetic results compared to the control group. Conclusions: Autologous fat grafting, customized per patient by the PI based on ongoing evaluations, appears to mitigate some adverse effects of radiotherapy in prepectoral breast reconstruction, suggesting a viable option for enhancing surgical outcomes in irradiated patients. Further research is needed to substantiate these findings and evaluate long-term benefits.
Pharmacokinetics of Efmoroctocog alfa by Two-Compartment Model Highlights Hemophilia A Patients with Biphasic Decay, Long Mean Residence Time, and Beta Half-Life
Authors: Morfini Massimo , Peyvandi Flora , Mancuso Maria Elisa , Marchesini Emanuela , Tagliaferri Annarita , Gualtierotti Roberta , Castaman Giancarlo , Pollio Berardino , Santoro Cristina , Banov Luisa , Napolitano Mariasanta , Preti Paola Stefania , Santoro Rita Carlotta , Coppola Antonio , Linari Silvia , Santagostino Elena , Bernardi Francesco
Published: August 2024

Background/Objectives: A compartmental pharmacokinetics (PK) analysis of new extended half-life FVIII concentrates has never been performed in a large cohort of hemophilia patients. An improved PK analysis of individual outcomes may help to tailor hemophilia replacement treatment. Methods: PK outcomes after the infusion of a standard single dose of Efmoroctocog alfa were collected from 173 patients with severe/moderately severe hemophilia A in 11 Italian hemophilia centers. Factor VIII clotting activity (FVIII:C) was measured by one-stage clotting assay (OSA) in all patients, and chromogenic substrate assay (CSA) in a subgroup (n = 52). Fifty patients underwent a comparative PK assessment with standard half-life (SHL) recombinant FVIII (rFVIII) products. Non-compartmental analysis (NCA), one compartment model (OCM), and TCM were used to analyze the decay curves of all patients, and one-way paired ANOVA to compare the PK outcomes. Results: All 173 PKs conformed to the NCA and OCM, but only 106 (61%) conformed to the TCM based on the biphasic features of their decay curves. According to the TCM, the Beta HL and MRT of rFVIIIFc were 20.42 ± 7.73 and 25.64 ± 7.61 h, respectively. ANOVA analysis of the outcomes from the three PK models showed significant differences in clearance, half-life (HL), and mean residence time (MRT) (p < 0.001 for all parameters). As anticipated, the HL and MRT of rFVIIIFc were longer than those of SHL rFVIII. Comparing OSA with CSA outcomes, Cmax resulted higher when measured by CSA (p = 0.05) and, according to TCM, Beta HL resulted longer when measured by OSA (p = 0.03). FVIII:C trough levels obtained with SHL concentrates were significantly lower than those obtained with rFVIIIFc at each post-infusion time point. Conclusions: In a large group of hemophilia A (HA) patients, three different PK models confirmed the improved pharmacokinetic (PK) characteristics of rFVIIIFc, compared with standard half-life rFVIII concentrates. The TCM only fits two-thirds of the PKs, highlighting their biphasic decay and a long Beta half-life. In these patients, the TCM would be preferable to properly evaluate individual PK features.
The Effects of Exercise Interventions on Ectopic and Subcutaneous Fat in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression
Authors: Kazeminasab Fatemeh , Bahrami Kerchi Ali , Behzadnejad Nasim , Belyani Saba , Rosenkranz Sara K. , Bagheri Reza , Dutheil Fred
Published: August 2024

Background/Objectives: The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of exercise training on ectopic and subcutaneous fat in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus were searched for original articles published through November 2023 that included exercise versus control interventions on body mass (BM), liver fat percentage, visceral fat area (VFA), subcutaneous fat area (SFA), and intramuscular fat volume or mass (IMF) in patients with T2DM. Weighted mean differences (WMDs) for liver fat and BM, standardized mean differences (SMDs) for VFA, SFA, and IMF, and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were determined using random-effects models. Results: Thirty-six studies comprising 2110 patients with T2DM were included in the present meta-analysis. Exercise training effectively reduced BM [WMD = −2.502 kg, p = 0.001], liver fat% [WMD = −1.559%, p = 0.030], VFA [SMD = −0.510, p = 0.001], and SFA [SMD = −0.413, p = 0.001] in comparison to the control. The IMF [SMD = 0.222, p = 0.118] remained unchanged compared to the controls. Subgroup analyses showed that the type of exercise, duration, and body mass index (BMI) of participants were sources of heterogeneity. Conclusions: The current meta-analysis provides strong evidence that exercise training, particularly aerobic and combined (aerobic and resistance) exercise programs, is effective for reducing BM, VFA, and SFA in patients with T2DM. However, aerobic exercise was more effective for reducing liver fat than combined exercise. The beneficial effects of exercise on VFA and SFA reduction, but not liver fat, are associated with weight loss. These findings highlight the importance of including consistent exercise as a key management component for T2DM and associated ectopic fat deposition, with potential long-term benefits for metabolic health.
The Influence of Body Position on the Resting Motor Threshold of Posterior Root-Muscle Reflexes Evoked via Transcutaneous Spinal Cord Stimulation
Authors: Gorman Barry T. , Gill Conor , Etzelmueller Mark , O’Keeffe Clodagh , Reilly Richard B. , Fleming Neil
Published: August 2024

Background: Thoracolumbar transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (tSCS) non-invasively evokes posterior root-muscle reflexes (PRMR) with the aim of neuromodulating sensorimotor function following spinal cord injury. Research is still in its infancy regarding the effect of body position on the nature of these spinally evoked responses. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of body position on the nature of PRMR responses during tSCS. Methods: A total of 11 (6M, 5F) participants completed a full PRMR recruitment curve from 10 ma up to 120 ma (10 ma increments) at the T11/12 intervertebral space using a singular 3.2 cm diameter cathode. At each intensity, three paired pulses (50 ms inter-pulse interval), followed by three singular pulses with a six-second delay were applied in each body position (supine, supine 90-90, sitting and standing) in a randomised order. The PRMR responses in lower limb muscles were recorded using wireless electromyographic sensors placed on the Soleus, Tibialis Anterior, Rectus Femoris and Bicep Femoris long head. A two-way (body position × muscle) repeated measures analysis of variance was used to investigate the effect of body position on PRMR-evoked responses. Results: There was a significant main effect of body position on PRMR resting motor threshold (RMT) (p < 0.001), first response peak-to-peak amplitude (p = 0.003) and percentage post-activation depression (%PAD) (p = 0.012). Sitting had significantly higher RMT and significantly lower first response peak-to-peak amplitudes compared to all other positions, but significant differences in %PAD were only detectible between supine and standing. Conclusions: Body position influences the nature of PRMR-evoked responses during tSCS.