bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determinants of Overall Knowledge and Health Behaviors Towards Hepatitis B and C Among Ever-Married Women in Pakistan: Evidence Based on Demographic and Health Survey 2017–18
Authors: Maqsood Sidra , Iqbal Sarosh , Zakar Rubeena , Zakar Muhammad Zakria , Fischer Florian
Published: November 2020

Background: In 2019, around 5 million and 10 million people were affected by hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) respectively in Pakistan. On World Hepatitis Day 2019, Pakistan’s Government announced the Prime Minister’s Plan to eliminate HBV and HCV from the country by 2030. In order to achieve this goal, adequate knowledge about HBV and HCV regarding mode of transmission, symptoms of the disease, and awareness about available treatments and vaccines is imperative. The present study aims to investigate the determinants related to overall knowledge about and behaviour in relation to HBV and HCV amongst married women in Pakistan.Methods: Secondary data analysis was carried out using the Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (PDHS) 2017–18. A series of questions regarding women’s knowledge about how to avoid HBV and HVC and their health behaviour in relation to HBV and HCV were posed to 12,364 ever-married women of reproductive age (15–49 years). Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression was applied to examine the effects of socio-demographic characteristics and covariates on women’s overall knowledge and health behaviour regarding HBV and HCV.Results: The findings highlight that the majority of women (88.3%) have heard of HBV and HCV. Nonetheless, only 34.8% had comprehensive knowledge about how to avoid HBV and HCV. Few women (11.3%) had been tested for HBV or HCV during the year preceding the survey. Furthermore, the results indicated that women from Sindh, living in urban areas, aged 35 years and over, having more than 10 years of schooling, belonging to the richest wealth quintile and working as professionals or in clerical/sales & service jobs reported better knowledge and health behaviours regarding HBV and HCV.Conclusion: This study provides evidence that women’s socio-demographic characteristics create differences in their overall knowledge about and attitudes towards HBV and HCV. This research emphasized that there is a need to create awareness about the causes and prevention of HBV and HCV in order to achieve the goal of eliminating these diseases in Pakistan by 2030.
Changes in Emergency Department Responses Between SARS and COVID-19 in Taiwan
Authors: Lin Chia Wei , Lin Kuan-Ho , Shih Hong-Mo , Yang Kai-Wei , Hwang Kao-Pin , Chen Wei-Kung
Published: November 2020

Background: After SARS outbreak, infectious control polices had been reformed in Taiwan, but there was no evidence to prove its effectiveness. This study compared emergency department (ED) responses to the SARS and COVID-19 epidemics and investigate how policy changes affect infection prevention.Methods: A 2003 questionnaire regarding the responses of EDs to SARS was resent to EDs during the COVID-19 epidemic in 2020. The use of personal protective equipment (PPE), implementation of infection control measures (ICMs), and difficulties in performance were compared. Data collection included hospital level, different PPE types provided and ICMs implemented, timing for using PPE and ICMs, and a difficulty rating scale for ICM implementation.Results: In total, 100 EDs responded to the questionnaire in 2003 was reviewed and compared with 131 EDs in 2020. In COVID-19 epidemic, the use of basic PPEs and ICMs was mostly significantly improved, but the percentage of preparedness in high grade PPEs was still low. Quarantine of fever patients outside of EDs was less performed in small to medium sized hospitals (p=0.008 and 0.004). All of the additional ICMs were significantly less implemented in local hospitals. The timing to use PPE and implement ICMs were simultaneously and significantly performed at early stage. Instituting a fever triage ward and restricting fever patient admission became less necessary. The closure of EDs remained the most difficult to perform in both outbreaks. Conclusion: After the policy reforms, ED responses became earlier and more consistent. However, inadequate quarantine resources at EDs in low- and middle-grade hospitals may lead to breaches in future epidemics.
WITHDRAWN: On the Modelling of Integrated AHP and CoCoSo Approach for Robust Design of Multi-objective Optimization of thinning Parameters for Maximum thinning Rate and Determine Optimum Locations for Directionally-rolled Deep-drawn Cups using Scaling Laws
Authors: Sivam Sundar , Rajendran R.
Published: November 2020

Objectives – Since parts and components are manufactured of different sizes and geometries, the fabrication of such parts of various size could be predicted the process parameters that affect the performance based on scaling laws and could be verified through experimentation. The purpose of this study is to determine optimum thinning process parameter settings of directionally rolled deep drawn copper cups at specified critical zones or regions for making miniaturized components and parts that results in better-quality products.Design/ Methodology/ Methodology - This study presents an integrated Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) with Combined Compromise Solution (CoCoSo) decision making algorithm to arrive a consolidation strategy with robust Taughi’s design of experiments, primarily to increase the accuracy of prediction of process parameters that affects the thinning rate of the deep-drawn cups. The weights of the alternatives is arrived with AHP and followed by CoCoSo method to determine the general multiplication factor to rank the alternatives by decision-making process. In this work, four control factors namely, number of stages of forming, clearance, punch nose radius, and coefficient of friction between x, were considered, with each at three levels, for determining the maximum thinning-rate at three different zones or locations namely, Cup-base, cup-nose-radius, and wall.Conclusions–This study described the real situation when forming performance on multi-stage deep-drawing with Uni-directional and bi-directional processed samples. The comparisons, such as sensitivity analysis approaches, methods developed to validate the proposed model.The virtual response were compared with the results of experiments on current multi stage deep drawing processes, good agreement being found.Originality/ Value –In this work a combined model using AHP and CoCoSo was attempted to improve the robustness of the products used for manufacturing miniaturized devices, which were not widely explored, and such integrated Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods was first proposed for engineering applications in the manufacturing field.
Fail-Safe Controller Architectures for Quadcopter with Motor Failures
Authors: Rible Gene Patrick S. , Arriola Nicolette Ann A. , Ramos Manuel C.
Published: November 2020

A fail-safe algorithm in case of motor failure was developed, simulated, and tested. For practical fail-safe flight, the quadcopter may fly with only three or two opposing propellers. Altitude for two-propeller architecture was maintained by a PID controller that is independent from the inner and outer controllers. A PID controller on propeller force deviations from equilibrium was augmented to the inner controller of the three-propeller architecture. Both architectures used LQR for the inner attitude controller and a damped second order outer controller that zeroes the error along the horizontal coordinates. The restrictiveness, stability, robustness, and symmetry of these architectures were investigated with respect to their output limits, initial conditions, and controller frequencies. Although the three-propeller architecture allows for distribution of propeller forces, the two-propeller architecture is more efficient, robust, and stable. The two-propeller architecture is also robust to model uncertainties. It was shown that higher yaw rate leads to greater stability when operating in fail-safe mode.
Experimental and numerical study of coal-rock bimaterial composite bodies under triaxial compression
Authors: Chen Yulong , Zuo Jianping , Liu Dejun , Li Yingjie , Wang Zhenbo
Published: November 2020

The paper presents experimental and numerical investigations on the response of rock-coal, coal-rock, and rock-coal-rock bimaterial composite structures under triaxial compression. The triaxial compression experiments are conducted under confining pressures in the range of 0–20 MPa. The resulting inside fracture networks are detected using X-ray-based computed tomography (CT). The experimentally observed data indicate that the mechanical parameters of the rock-coal-rock composites are superior to those of the rock-coal and coal-rock combinations. After compression failure, the coal-rock combination specimens are analyzed via X-ray CT. The results display that the failure of the coal-rock composite bodies primarily takes place within the coal. Further, the bursting proneness is reduced by increasing confining pressure. Subsequently, the corresponding numerical simulations of the experiments are carried out by exploiting the particle flow code (PFC). The numerical results reveal that coal is preferable with regard to energy storage and accumulation.
Soil moisture-atmosphere feedbacks mitigate declining water availability in drylands
Authors: Zhou Sha , Williams A. Park , Lintner Benjamin R. , Berg Alexis M. , Zhang Yao , Keenan Trevor F. , Cook Benjamin I. , Hagemann Stefan , Seneviratne Sonia I. , Gentine Pierre
Published: November 2020

Global warming alters surface water availability (precipitation minus evapotranspiration, P-E) and hence freshwater resources. However, the influence of land-atmosphere feedbacks on future P-E changes and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here we demonstrate that soil moisture (SM) strongly impacts future P-E changes, especially in drylands, by regulating evapotranspiration and atmospheric moisture inflow. Using modeling and empirical approaches, we find a consistent negative SM feedback on P-E, which may offset ~60% of the decline in dryland P-E otherwise expected in the absence of SM feedbacks. The negative feedback is not caused by atmospheric thermodynamic responses to declining SM, but rather reduced SM, in addition to limiting evapotranspiration, regulates atmospheric circulation and vertical ascent to enhance moisture transport into drylands. This SM effect is a large source of uncertainty in projected dryland P-E changes, underscoring the need to better constrain future SM changes and improve representation of SM-atmosphere processes in models.
The effects of the first and second wave of COVID-19 pandemic on public health
Authors: Coccia Mario
Published: November 2020

One of the current problems in the presence of COVID-19 pandemic crisis is to analyze the effects of the second wave on public health to design appropriate strategies to reduce negative effects in society. The study here analyzes first and second wave of COVID-19 pandemic in Italy because is one of European countries to experience a rapid increase in confirmed cases and deaths. Results reveal that the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic in Italy had a high negative effect on public health from February to May 2020 that declined with the approaching of summer season and with the health policy of lockdown and quarantine; instead, second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, from October 2020, has increasing confirmed cases but admission to ICUs is, to date, below maximum capacity and total deaths have a lower level than first wave. This study can support best practice of crisis management to design effective health policies to constrain current and future waves of the COVID-19 pandemic and epidemics of similar viral agents.
Serological response and disease-specific neutralizing antibodies in kidney transplant recipients with SARS-CoV-2 infection – a case series
Authors: Speer Claudius , Schnitzler Paul , Giese Thomas , Plaszczyca Anna , Bartenschlager Ralf , Kälble Florian , Nusshag Christian , Morath Christian , Zeier Martin , Merle Uta , Sommerer Claudia
Published: November 2020

Background Since SARS-CoV-2 is a highly contagious virus without an available disease-specific medication, the hope is focused on a sustained immunity after SARS-CoV-2 infection and a near-term successful vaccination therapy. A sufficient anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody production with neutralizing antibodies is crucial to prevent further viral spreading and for protection against prospective reinfection. Kidney transplant recipients may have a potentially aggravated risk for COVID-19 complications as well as a reduced vaccine response due to the allograft protecting immunosuppressive therapy. However, little is known about the strength and duration of their immunological response upon SARS-CoV-2 infection.Case presentation Here we report on 4 kidney transplant recipients proven to have SARS-CoV-2 infection by positive PCR testing, focusing on their immunological response with the production of disease-specific neutralizing antibodies. All kidney transplant recipients developed a sufficient antibody response including specific neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 within 2 to 3 weeks after the first onset of symptoms that sustained during the follow-up of 15 weeks. After 6 weeks, the virus was eliminated in all patients. Most important, the serological response and viral shedding were achieved and sustained in the presence of immunosuppression. Acute kidney graft deterioration was common but reconstituted in all transplant recipients during follow-up. Conclusions Immunocompromised kidney transplant recipients showed a functional serological response with disease-specific neutralizing antibodies upon SARS-CoV-2 infection, a basic prerequisite for a prospective successful vaccination response.
The morphological changes in bitches endometrium affected by Cystic Endometrail Hyperplasia - Pyometra complex – the value of histopathological examination
Authors: Woźna-Wysocka Magdalena , Rybska Marta , Błaszak Beata , Jaśkowski Bartłomiej Maria , Kulus Magdalena , Jaśkowski Jędrzej Maria
Published: November 2020

Background: The cystic endometrial hyperplasia-pyometra complex (CEH-P) is one of the most common uteropathies in bitches. In diseases with mild or obscure clinical signs and normal uterine size, a diagnosis based on a clinical assessment might be incorrect. The main aim of the research was to determine the morphological variables accompanying uterine diseases in bitches in microscopic evaluation. Consequently, the obtained results can be used to create a new classification system for uterine pathological changes during the development of the CEH-P, diagnosed by microscopic examination in bitches. Material for the study consisted of the uteri of 120 female dogs, aged 1-16 years, obtained during routine ovariohysterectomies. Macroscopic observation after a longitudinal incision of the uterine horns, allowed a preliminary classification of the uteri into research groups: control group (physiological uteri), and groups GI-III uteri collected form bitches with varying degrees of endometrial pathology. These preliminary classifications were then verified by histological analysis (H&E stain).Results: The obtained results made it possible to determine and describe the prevalence (%) of pathological changes characteristic of the analyzed uterine diseases in the examined bitches. Histopathological analyses that were conducted have confirmed preliminary macroscopic evaluation for the control group, group GII (CEH), and group GIII (pyometra). In the uteri of the GI group, a severe congestion of endometrium has been observed – this is typical of inflammation – which was not confirmed during histopathological examinations. However, these examinations revealed acute endometrial haemorrhage of varying severity.Conclusions: Early reproduction disorders in bitches are, in general, not confirmed by clinical signs in the examined animals. The results show that during classification of typical morphological changes in endometrium over the development of the CEH-P complex in bitches microscopic examinations are required. The obtained results indicate a frequent lack of consistency in the macroscopic assessment and histological analysis of the endometrium, observed in the analyzed uterine diseases, which in most cases is not followed by clinical symptoms. The presented classification of uterine diseases may be useful as a diagnostic tool in reproductive disorders in bitches and in examination in the field of basic research.
Plasma purification is associated with reduced inflammation factors and down-regulation of lipid metabolic and ER stress proteins in patients with hyperlipidemia
Authors: Zhang Xiao Meng , Gu Yan Hong , Deng Hao , Xu Zheng Quan , Zhong Ze Yuan , Jin Hui Min , Yang Xiu Hong
Published: November 2020

BackgroundHyperlipidaemia is a strong risk factor for arteriosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Therapy with lipid-lowering drugs often results in many side effects. The aim of our study was to investigate the potential effects of non-drug therapy with double-filtration plasmapheresis (DFPP) on lipid metabolism-, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress- and apoptosis-related proteins in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) before and after lipid clearance in patients with hyperlipidaemia.MethodsThirty-five patients with hyperlipidaemia were selected for this study. Proteins related to lipid metabolism [CD36, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) and LDL receptor], ER stress [glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), C/EBP homoiogousprotein (CHOP), activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (EIF2a)] and apoptosis (Bcl-2, BAX, and Caspase-3) were assayed by western blot, reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured by flow cytometry (FCM), and serum inflammatory factors were detected by ELISA.ResultsCompared with their pre-DFPP values, the values of most lipid metabolic parameters, such as cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, lipoprotein a [Lp(a)] and small dense LDL cholesterol (sdLDL), were reduced after DFPP. DFPP was associated with the downregulation of proteins related to lipid metabolism, ER stress and apoptosis, which also resulted in decreased ROS and serum inflammatory factor release.ConclusionDFPP has lipid-lowering activity and can also regulate lipid metabolism-, ER stress- and apoptosis-related proteins in PBMCs and reduce the levels of inflammatory factors in patients with hyperlipidaemia (ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT03491956).
Natural Disaster, International Solidarity, and the Representation of Others. Lessons from Haiti
Authors: Zille Túlio
Published: November 2020

This essay revisits the case of the earthquake that shook Port-au-Prince, Haiti—which completed ten years in January 2020—to discuss the enduring, and often unaccounted for, colonial links between representation and contemporary humanitarian practices that are present in different ways in both North-South (in this case, between US and Haiti) and South-South relations (Brazil-Haiti). Unlike conventional approaches to natural disasters, which tend to focus their object of study in one particular place and time, I would like to propose an approach that instead engages multiple spaces, temporalities and agencies. In the context of this critical approach, and as a background question, I invite us to ask: what does international solidarity mean? The result is a more complex lens with which to look at events that are likely to become more frequent, and to affect the socio-economically disadvantaged in disproportional numbers in the near future due to the climate crisis.
Fuerzas Armadas mexicanas, ayuda humanitaria y responsabilidad internacional
Authors: Rodriguez Sanchez Lara Gerardo , Merino Ayala Carlos Luis
Published: November 2020

Durante décadas la participación de México en las Operaciones de Mantenimiento de la Paz había sido postergada, sin embargo, en 2012 se anunció el regreso a estas. Este texto busca esclarecer las razones por las cuales las fuerzas armadas mexicanas deberían participar en estas tareas, obedeciendo a la historia de la política exterior mexicana y a la experiencia que estas han reunido a través de varias acciones humanitarias en México y el mundo, asimismo, se hace una evaluación de los escenarios futuros que requerirán un mayor envolvimiento de la comunidad internacional para atender crisis multicausales.
Developing Intellectual Property Character for Games to Teach Music Theory by Using Batik Patterns Inspiration
Authors: Fathoni Ahmad Faisal Choiril Anam , Ray Jehezkiel Christian
Published: November 2020

The research aimed to apply batik motifs to strengthen the differentiation of characters in the form of adventure games that could be an interesting and effective learning medium for introducing music theory. In order to work towards achieving its objective, developing interest in music theory by using games and animations specifically to approach more people and make this project sustainable, these games were supposed to be aimed into intellectual property. Therefore to be able to make it competitive, strong differentiation was needed as so many IP characters emerged as competitors. One of the strengths that could be added to these characters was by applying local content. It was a strong differentiator and could be developed with a deeper philosophy so that it had a wealth that could be developed more widely in the future, which in this case was using batik. To achieve goal, the research used the design thinking method and qualitative methodology to collect data. The researchers collected data through the process of document research, an observation about the implementation of batik patterns in character design for animation. The result is the characters’ designs of a game to teach music theory using batik pattern application. In conclusion, the batik pattern has the potential to strengthen differences in character design.
MODELING OF NOZOAREL CHANGES AND ZONE OF INCREASED EPIDEMIC RISK OF WEST NILE FEVER IN RUSSIA IN CONNECTION WITH THE EXPECTED CLIMATE CHANGE
Authors:   Yu. A. Izrael Institute of Global Climate and Ecology, Yasjukevich V.V. , Popov I.O. ,   Yu. A. Izrael Institute of Global Climate and Ecology, Yasjukevich N.V.
Published: November 2020

In the course of the analysis of the literature, the main climatic parameter was determined that determines the nosoareal of West Nile fever in Russia – the sum of the active temperatures. It has been shown that for intense virus circulation in the warm season, the sum of active temperatures at a threshold of 10°C should be more than 2200°C, at values of more than 2800°C the area is considered epidemic. Based on these criteria, maps of the changes in the nosoareal of West Nile fever under model climate conditions in different periods of the 21st century are constructed. It has been shown that over the 21st century, the nosoareal and the area of increased risk of the development of epidemic foci of West Nile fever will expand to the north and capture new subjects of the Russian Federation.
Experimental analysis of scour under circular pier
Authors: Malik Ashish , Singh S. K. , Kumar Mohit
Published: November 2020

For economical design, scour around the bridge piers is required to be controlled. In the present study, an attempt has been made to minimize scour depth by placing a triangular prism on the downstream side of a circular pier (35 mm dia) with one of its noses facing the direction of flow and other facing opposite to the direction of flow. Three different bed samples collected from Ghaggar, Patialki-Rao and the Kotla super-passage have been placed in a rectangular flume. Discharge values were varied from 0.0015 to 0.0186 m3/sec. Results are compared for observed scour-depth for upstream (U/S) and downstream (D/S) piers with and without protection. Arrangement with a triangular prism of 2.5 times the diameter of the circular pier in the upstream direction of the flow is very effective in reducing scour depth. Further, it is possible to reduce the scour depth with an average efficiency of 65% for Ghaggar, 56% for Patialaki-Rao and 64% for the Kotla super-passage with respect to the circular pier. The comparison of observed values of scour-depth with computed values of Lacey's scour-depth was underestimated with a maximum of ±70%. Hence, a new site-specific relationship between scour depth, discharge intensity and silt factor has been proposed. Validation of the new proposed relationship with observed data is in a good agreement ±20%.
A renewable, sustainable and low-cost adsorbent for ibuprofen removal
Authors: Bello Olugbenga Solomon , Alao Oluwakemi Christiana , Alagbada Temitope Chris , Agboola Oluwatobi Samuel , Omotoba Omotoyosi Toheeb , Abikoye Oluwatosin Rebecca
Published: November 2020

Adsorption efficiency of acid-modified kola nut husk (KNHA) as a non-conventional adsorbent for the sorption of Ibuprofen from aqueous media was investigated in this study. The raw and modified samples were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, electron dispersive X-ray spectroscopy pH, and Boehm titration techniques respectively. Adsorption parameters such as pH effect, adsorbate concentration, contact time, and solution temperature were studied. The amount of Ibuprofen uptake was observed to increase with a corresponding increase in adsorption operational parameters. The kinetic data was found to best fit the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Isotherm adsorption models of Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin–Radushkevich were utilized to analyze the adsorption data. The Langmuir isotherm model showed the best fit for experimental data with a maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 39.22 mg/g. The values of Gibbs free energy change were negative (−164.48 to −64.045.4 kJ/mol) suggesting that the process of ibuprofen adsorption onto KNHA was spontaneous. The positive value of standard enthalpy change (+34.203 kJ/mol) suggests that the process of ibuprofen adsorption was endothermic. KNHA adsorbent was found to be efficient and viable for the uptake of ibuprofen from aqueous medium. Hence, adsorbent prepared from kola nut husk waste has proved to be effective for the adsorptive uptake of Ibuprofen from aqueous media.
Müzik Öğretmenliği Lisans Öğrencilerinin Çalgı Sınavındaki Performans Kaygı Düzeylerinin Çeşitli Değişkenlere Göre İncelenmesi
Authors: Umuzdaş Mehmet , Tök Hatice
Published: November 2020

Müzik Öğretmenliği Lisans Programı’nda çalgı eğitimi almakta olan öğrencilerin sürekli-durumluk kaygı düzeylerinin cinsiyet, yaş, sınıf düzeyi, çalgı farklılığı, mezun olduğu lise ve okumuş oldukları üniversite değişkenlerine göre incelenmesi amacıyla nicel betimsel yöntem benimsenmiştir. Çalışma, 2019-2020 güz yarıyılında öğrenim görmekte olan Orta Karadeniz Bölgesine ait Eğitim Fakültesi Güzel Sanatlar Eğitimi Bölümü Müzik Eğitimi Anabilim Dalı lisans öğrencileri (N= 341) ile yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın verileri Spielberg vd. (1964) tarafından geliştirilmiş olan, Öner ve Le Compte (1983)’ nin Türkçeye uyarladığı “Sürekli-Durumluk Kaygı Envanteri” kullanılmıştır. Sürekli kaygı envanteri, öğrencilerin sınav stresinden uzak bir zaman diliminde yapılmış olup durumluk kaygı envanteri ise final sınavından hemen önce yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın bulgularına göre, sürekli ve durumluk kaygı arasında anlamlı bir fark görülmüştür. Müzik öğretmenliği öğrencilerinin sürekli ve durumluk kaygıları cinsiyet, yaş ve sınıfa göre anlamlı bir farklılık göstermektedir. Çalgı farklılığı ise sürekli kaygı durumunda anlamlı çıkmıştır. Mezun olunan lise ve okumuş oldukları üniversite değişkenine göre ise anlamlı bir farklılık görülmemiştir.
Ortaöğretim Çağındaki Gençlerde Finansal Eğitimin Finansal Okuryazarlık Üzerindeki Etkisi
Authors: Yiğitbaş Şennaz , Temeloğlu Erdem , Şimşek Adnan
Published: November 2020

Bu araştırma Çanakkale ili Ayvacık ilçesindeki ortaokullarda eğitim gören gençlerde tasarruf bilinci oluşturmak ve gelecek dönemlerde tasarruflarını verimli alanlara yönlendirmelerini sağlamak amacıyla finansal okuryazarlık konusunda bir altyapı kazandırmayı amaçlanmaktadır. Bu amacı gerçekleştirmek için ortaöğretimde eğitim gören 12-14 yaş grubuna finansal eğitim verilmesi planlanmıştır. Projenin oluşturulması ve uygulanması aşamasındaki temel beklenti, ortaöğretim öğrencilerinin finansal konu ve sorunlara bakış açısının değişeceği ve onların gelecekteki finansal yönetim becerilerinin artmasına önemli katkı yapacağı yönündedir. Eğitim sonrasında gençlerin günlük basit harcamalara ilişkin daha rasyonel hareket etmesi, parasal işlemleri daha kolay yapması, ihtiyaçlar ve istekleri doğru bir şekilde ayırt etmesi, bilinçli tüketim yapması ve tasarruf farkındalığına erken yaşlarda ulaşması ve böylece ülke ekonomisine doğrudan ya da dolaylı katkı yapması beklenmektedir. Finansal eğitimin gençlerin finansal okuryazarlığı üzerindeki etkisi anket soruları ile ölçülmüştür. Nicel yönteme dayanan formel yapıdaki anket soruları hem finansal eğitim öncesi hem de finansal eğitim sonrası uygulanmıştır. Bu çalışmada, finansal eğitimin ortaöğretim düzeyindeki gençlerin finansal okuryazarlıkları üzerinde olumlu bir etki yarattığı bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır.
Fluorescence-based Methods for the Study of Protein-Protein Interactions Modulated by Ligand Binding
Authors: Stoneman Michael R. , Raicu Naomi , Biener Gabriel , Raicu Valerică
Published: November 2020

Background:

The growing evidence that G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) not only form oligomers
but that the oligomers also may modulate the receptor function provides a promising avenue in the area of
drug design. Highly selective drugs targeting distinct oligomeric sub-states offer the potential to increase efficacy
while reducing side effects. In this regard, determining the various oligomeric configurations and geometric
sub-states of a membrane receptor is of utmost importance.

Methods:

In this report, we have reviewed two techniques that have proven to be valuable in monitoring the
quaternary structure of proteins in vivo: Fӧrster resonance energy transfer (FRET) spectrometry and fluorescence
intensity fluctuation (FIF) spectrometry. In FRET spectrometry, distributions of pixel-level FRET efficiency
are analyzed using theoretical models of various quaternary structures to determine the geometry and
stoichiometry of protein oligomers. In FIF spectrometry, spatial fluctuations of fluorescent molecule intensities
are analyzed to reveal quantitative information on the size and stability of protein oligomers.

Results:

We demonstrate the application of these techniques to a number of different fluorescence-based studies
of cells expressing fluorescently labeled membrane receptors, both in the presence and absence of various
ligands. The results show the effectiveness of using FRET spectrometry to determine detailed information regarding
the quaternary structure receptors form, as well as FIF and FRET for determining the relative abundance
of different-sized oligomers when an equilibrium forms between such structures.

Conclusion:

FRET and FIF spectrometry are valuable techniques for characterizing membrane receptor oligomers,
which are of great benefit to structure‐based drug design.
Topical Capsaicin for the Treatment of Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Sultana Adiba , Singla Rajeev K. , He Xuefei , Sun Yan , Alam Md. Shahin , Shen Bairong
Published: November 2020

Background:

Neuropathic pain (NP) is an egregious problem worldwide. Due to the side-effects of
oral drugs, drugs delivered directly to the affected area of pain are preferred.

Objective:

Capsaicin, a chemical compound isolated from chili peppers, is used as an analgesic in topical ointments
and dermal patches to alleviate pain. Objective of the study is to review the application and functionality
of topical capsaicin in treatment of neuropathic pain.

Data sources:

To systematically review capsaicin’s functions on NP, we retrieved articles from the PubMed
database published in the last ten years.

Study eligibility criteria:

The inclusion criteria were capsaicin and the use of capsaicin for the treatment of NP;
on the other hand, articles were excluded according to the mentioned criteria such as abstracts, articles written
in any language other than English, incomplete articles, and conference papers.

Participants and interventions:

Out of 265 articles, 108 articles were selected after filtering through the inclusion
and exclusion criteria. The data and knowledge currently existing for capsaicin treatment in NP are summarized.

Results:

This review indicates that capsaicin effectively improves NP treatment without affecting the motor
and large nerve fibres involved in sensory function. Transient receptor potential channel vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1)
is the capsaicin receptor expressed in central and peripheral terminals of a sensitive primary nerve cell.

Conclusions and implications of key findings:

Topical capsaicin has a sensible safety profile and is effective
in reducing NP. Therefore, studies over the last decade suggest that capsaicin might be a potential drug for NP
treatment.
Regulation of Runx2 and Its Signaling Pathways by MicroRNAs in Breast Cancer Metastasis
Authors: Pranavkrishna Shivashankar , Sanjeev Ganesh , Akshaya Ravishkumar L. , Rohini Muthukumar , Selvamurugan Nagarajan
Published: November 2020

As a major threat among women globally, breast cancer (BC) emerges as a primary research
focus for several researchers. Although various therapeutic regimens are available, there is
an increased chance of metastasis of BC cells, which raises the severity of this malignancy. Of multiple
preferred secondary targets, metastasis to bone is extensively studied. Besides deemed as a
bone transcription factor, Runx2 also acts as a metastatic factor that promotes growth and metastasis
of BC cells. Studies have reported the significant role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in BC pathogenesis
and metastasis by governing Runx2 expression. Additionally, dysregulation of the signaling
pathways, including Wnt/β-catenin, TGF-β, Notch, and PI3K/AKT, has been observed to influence
the expression of Runx2 in BC cells. In this review, we have aimed to highlight the regulatory role
of miRNAs in targeting Runx2 both directly and indirectly by governing respective signaling pathways
during bone metastasis of BC.
In vitro and Ex vivo Antiparasitic Effect of Rheum ribes L. Extract Against the Hydatid Cyst Protoscoleces
Authors: Mahmoudvand Hossein , Saki Mojgan , Kiani Ali Asghar , Taban Tina , Shahmoradi Mohammad Kazem
Published: November 2020

Background:

Cystic echinococcosis is a zoonotic infection in humans and herbivorous animals with worldwide
distribution which caused by larva stage of Echinococcus granulosus. Rhubarb (Rheum ribes L.) as an herbal medicines has
various therapeutics properties such as the antioxidant, anticancer, and antimicrobial ones. With respect to the potential of
the biological activities of this plant in traditional and modern medicine, we aim to examine its protoscolicidal effects
against E. granulosus protoscolecess in vitro and ex vivo.

Methods:

Collected protoscoleces from liver hydatid cysts of infected sheep were exposed to the different concentrations of
the extract (225, 450, 900 mg/mL) for 5-60 min in vitro and ex vivo. Then using the eosin exclusion assay the viability of
protoscoleces was studied.

Results:

R. ribes extract had a potent protoscolicidal activity in vitro so that at the 450 and 900 mg/ml killed 56.3 and 100%
of protoscoleces after 10 min exposure. Ex vivo assay, the extract needed more time to kill the protoscoleces than the in
vitro; so that at the concentration of 900 mg/mL, all protoscoleces were killed after 15 minutes

Conclusion:

The obtained results exhibited the potent protoscolicidal effects of R. ribes extract particularly at the concentration of 900 mg/ml which completely killed the parasite after <15 min exposure. However, more and supplementary studies
are required to verify these findings through assessing in animal models and clinical subjects.
A Review on the Role of Polymers in Pharmaceutical Applications
Authors: Alkadi Hourieh
Published: November 2020

:

Development of a new drug molecule is costly and requires a long time. Many attempts
have been made to improve the safety of the effective level of "old" drugs, utilizing various ways like
individualizing drug therapy, curative drug control, and dose titration. But, recently, important efforts
have been made to discover the novel drug releasing systems, which can be supplied to a target system
in the human body, while controlling the level and time of delivery. Polymers, whether synthetic
or natural, have great importance in pharmaceutical applications, especially in the field of drug delivery.
The use of polymers in pharmaceutical applications ranges from their use as binders in tablets
to viscosity and flow controlling factors in liquids, and they can be used in suspensions and emulsions;
also, in some cases, they can be used as film coatings. Moreover, they may be used as membranes
implanted within the living body. Current work highlights the importance of drug delivery
systems and the role of polymers in them.
Impact of Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) on Pregnant Women: A Review
Authors: Habeeb Saima , Chugani Manju
Published: November 2020

The novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) is a global public health emergency. Since
its outbreak in Wuhan, China in December 2019, the infection has spread at an alarming rate across
the globe and humans have been locked down to their countries, cities and homes. As of now, the
virus has affected over 20 million people globally and has inflicted over 7 lac deaths. Nevertheless,
the recovery rate is improving with each passing day and over 14 million people have recuperated
so far. The statistics indicate that nobody is immune to the disease as the virus continues to spread
among all age groups, newborns to the elders, and all compartments including pregnant women.
However, pregnant women may be more susceptible to this infection as they are, in general, highly
vulnerable to respiratory infections. There is no evidence for vertical transmission of the
COVID-19 virus among pregnant women, but an increased prevalence of preterm deliveries. Besides
this, the COVID-19 may alter immune response at the maternal-fetal interface and affect the
well-being of mothers as well as infants. Unfortunately, there is limited evidence available in the
open literature regarding coronavirus infection during pregnancy and it now appears that certain
pregnant women have been infected during the present 2019-nCoV pandemic. In this perspective,
we study the impact of the COVID-19 infection on vertical transmission and fetal outcomes among
pregnant women.
Handelingen O.R. II - 1e afl.
Authors: Brysse Adrien
Published: November 2020

A. VAN WERVEKE. Ontleding van den tekst van M. Van Vaernewijck betreffende het graf en de grafzerk van Hubrecht Van Eyck.F. VAN DEN BEMDEN. Le sher Gheeraerts  sDievels steen, à Gand.
Handelingen O.R. II - 3e afl.
Authors: Brysse Adrien
Published: November 2020

Maurice Bekaert : De la préservation légale du patrimoine artistique.
Handelingen O.R. III - 1e afl.
Authors: Brysse Adrien
Published: November 2020

E. Varenbergh : Contributions à l'Histoire des Voisinages à Gand.H. Van Duyse : Les fresques de la Leugemeete sont-elles un faux ?
O aniversário da nossa revista
Authors: RSP Editor
Published: November 2020

Ao  completar seu décimo oitavo aniversário, a Revista do Serviço Público ingressa no melhor de sua adolescência. Uma adolescência madura, fecunda de experiências, em que suas páginas se oferecem aos caminhos de todos os estudos e de todos os estudiosos da Administração
Necessidade e Utilidade Pública
Authors: Fernandes Ribeiro Hésio
Published: November 2020

Embora na prática do direito se apresentem com grande similitude os processamentosdas desapropi iações por necessidade ou por utilidade pública;embora doutrinadores eméritos, com as boas razões que se verá, defendam ainipropriedade do emprêgo simultâneo das duas expressões e, até mesmo,alguns legisladores tenham consagrado êsse ponto de vista em seus projétos,posteriormente transformados em leis, entendemos que tais vocábulos não sedevem confundir.
Nova Etapa
Authors: RSP Editor
Published: November 2020

O Serviço de Documentação do DASP, na fase em que oraingressa com a nova administração, está empenhado em atingir atodos os objetivos contidos nas diretrizes gerais que nortearam asua criação. Mas não só . A par do prosseguimento de obras e iniciativascuja valia se estampa na simples enunciação, há que mencionar,agora, um esiôrço afincado e atento no sentido de novos,mais amplos empreendimentos. Está nesse caso, para citar umexemplo, a articulação em curso com o National Archives, de Washington,a fim de promover-se a edição de volumes referentes àtécnica geral de arquivos.
A Codificação Municipal de Florianópolis
Authors: Delorenzo Neto A.
Published: November 2020

A mais complexa codificação municipal vigente no País é a de Florianópolis,aprovada psla Lei n.° 246 de 15 de novembro de 1955, louvável iniciativado Prefeito O s m a r C u n h a . Com efeito, nêsse texto redobramos nossos esforçosem apurar as ncrrnas e estender ao máximo o campo da competência própriado Município. Seguimos rigorosamente nossa metodologia, que comporta asseguintes fases:
As Empreitadas de Obras Públicas no Direito Brasileiro
Authors: Tácito Caio
Published: November 2020

O regime jurídico da empreitada de obras públicas, no Brasil, deve terem vista, inicialmente, a discriminação da competência legislativa, fixada naConstituição, em decorrência dos princípios federativos.
Produtividade
Authors: De Magalhães Celso
Published: November 2020

Tôda produtividade está intimamente relacionada ao preço de custo daprodução. Há entre ela e os preços uma razão inversa: elevar a produtividadeé a mesma coisa que baixar o custo da produção.Não falta, todavia, quem confunda produtividade com volume de produção.
Do Tribunal de Contas como Tribunal de Justiça
Authors: Coelho Jurandyr
Published: November 2020

O Tribunal tem jurisdição sôbre todo o território nacional e exerce essaatribuição sôbre as pessoas e matérias sujeitas à sua competência, a qualabrange todos os responsáveis por dinheiros, valores e material pertencentess Nação, ou pelos quais esta responda, ainda quando exerçam êles suas funçõesou residam no exterior, bem como sôbre os herdeiros, fiadores e representantesdos mesmos responsáveis. A jurisdição sôbre as contas públicas éprópria e privativa. Intangível, única e privativa, nesse particular, é a autoridadedo Tribunal.
O Município Colombiano e o Município Brasileiro
Authors: C.Cortês Antônio
Published: November 2020

Para completar as notas anteriores sôbre o Município na Colômbia, pareceoportuno fazer-se um confronto da legislação e da situação municipal daquelePaís com a do sistema brasileiro. O confronto implica o exame de dois sistemasde organização nacional, pois o regime colombiano é de organização unitáriae o do Brasil federalista, e a organização municipal de cada um não émais que um aspecto de sua organização geral.O sistema de organização unitária é o adotado
O futuro da diplomacia
Authors: D. Landau Georges
Published: November 2020

As bruscas transformações advindas às relações internacionais nos últimosdecênios não poderiam deixar de projetar-se sôbre o instrumento clássico demediação dessas relações : a diplomacia, que visa harmonizar a convivênciados povos. Depois de haver evoluído durante séculos, incorporando ao seuacervo próprio a sutileza política de alguns povos, a refinada elegância deoutros, e a cintilante esgrima intelectual de terceiros, a arte diplomática —que arte o é, sem sombra de dúvida, embora não mais consista apenas, comoa define A n d r é M a u r o is, em “polidamente exprimir a hostilidade, a indiferençasimulando interêsse, e a amizade de um modo prudente” . .. — a artediplomática, dizíamos, defronta-se, nos dias que correm, com o dilema da sobrevivência: será, ainda, necessária, ou estará fadada a desaparecer com ocrepúsculo da época que lhe propiciou o fastígio? Êste, o tema que nos propomosabordar, nesta sintética digressão.
O Congresso - seu destino de utilidade
Authors: Mesquita Luciano
Published: November 2020

Com êste trabalho vimos saldar velho e fascinante compromisso, qual se jao de escrever sôbre o Congresso, relacionando-o com a democracia e a administração,na democracia. Mas, só agora, entretanto, quando realmente nosdecidimos a cumprí-lo, foi que vimos a quanto nos comprometêramos.Não é fácil escrever sôbre o Congresso. Fácil é falar mal dêle. Fácil énegá-lo, ou, simplesmente, exaltá-lo à maneira antiga, sem a preocupação deinterpretá-lo tendo como propósito refortalecê-lo. Dizer o que êle representaou vale nos dias presentes, aferindo-o sob o ângulo da eficiência, é caminharsôbre areia movediça; pcis de fato o Congresso escapa a medições dessa natureza.Êle é muito mais que uma organização a partir de critérios administrativos.Nêle configura-se — e para êle converge — todo o sentir político danacionalidade.
Observações sobre os Serviços Públicos Paraestatais na Alemanha Federal
Authors: Chapel Yves , Azevedo Lygia
Published: November 2020

A intervenção nos poderes públicos no campo social e no econômicoé uma tradição na Alemanha. Desde o século XVIII era comum naquelepaís. O Estado prussiano, aliás, gozava de uma reputação tão sólida quanto justificada em tal domínio.A empresa pública — no sentido amplo — reveste, na Alemanha, as maisvariadas formas. Sua história é muito rica e tôda uma evolução se traduziu,em conseqüência, no direito administrativo alemão.No decorrer do século XIX, desenvolveu-se ali a noção de “estabelecimentopúblico” (öffentliche Anstalt), representando a forma clássica dada ainstituições ou serviços dependentes do poder público em todos os seus níveis,isto é, Reich, Estados (Ländsr) e Municípios. Estes estabelecimentos públicosnão exercem propriamente atividade industrial. Quando, logo após a primeiragrande guerra e as crises que se seguiram, o Estado passou a interessar-sepelas emprêsas industriais, desenvolveu-se a noção mais ampla de emprêsapública (öffentliche Unternehmung) conjuntamente com a de emprêsade economia mista.
Interpretação das leis tributárias municipais
Authors: Delorenzo Neto A.
Published: November 2020

Consulta-nos a Procuradcxia da Prefeitura Municipal de São Bernardodo Campo:É possível o congelamento dos Impostos Municipais nos têrmos da Lein.° 581, de 30 de agosto de 1957? Como deve ser aplicada essa lei?Em resposta à consulta façamos uma análise do texto da Lei n.° 581, de30 de agosto de 1957, considerando-o em face da doutrina e dos fins da administração.
Fase nova
Authors: RSP Editor
Published: November 2020

Para melhor corresponder à sua finalidade, propõe-se a Revistado Serviço Público a introduzir algumas normas, que julga degrande utilidade, na apresentação dos trabalhos que oferece aos seusleitores, e ainda encetar política que objetive maiores contactosentre o funcionalismo e mais ampla divulgação das atividades,estrutura e regime de trabalho dos diferentes setores do DepartamentoAdministrativo do Serviço Público, empenhado desde a fundaçãono esforço por bem servir a administração pública brasileira.
O Governo Municipal na Monarquia
Authors: Machado Paup´´erio A.
Published: November 2020

Com a independência e o primeiro Império a capital do país ia iniciar umnovo movimento, antagônico ao de feição centrífuga, que conhecera o Brasilanteriormente, quando a nacionalidade vivera de certo modo a dispersão atravésde imensos latifúndios desmembrados administrativamente da unidademaior e diferenciados em diversas porções regionais.O movimento centralizador não se fêz esperar e depressa, pouco depoisde 1822, com as 19 províncias com que então contávamos e entre as quaisestava a cisplatina, tínhamos, na direção de cada uma, um presidente diretamentenomeado pelo Imperador, de acôrdo com a lei da Assembléia Constituinte.Havia, é verdade, ao lado de cada presidente um conselho provincial,constituído de cidadãos eleitos pelo povo, mas êste, apesar de não lhe seremas funções convenientemente definidas, apresentava-se como órgão meramenteconsultivo. O presidente, dessa forma, assumia aspectos de verdadeiro soberanolocal.