bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A High‐Throughput Automated Confocal Microscopy Platform for Quantitative Phenotyping of Nanoparticle Uptake and Transport in Spheroids
Authors: Cutrona Meritxell B. , Simpson Jeremy C.
Published: July 2019

There is a high demand for advanced, image‐based, automated high‐content screening (HCS) approaches to facilitate phenotypic screening in 3D cell culture models. A major challenge lies in retaining the resolution of fine cellular detail but at the same time imaging multicellular structures at a large scale. In this study, a confocal microscopy‐based HCS platform in optical multiwell plates that enables the quantitative morphological profiling of populations of nonuniform spheroids obtained from HT‐29 human colorectal cancer cells is described. This platform is then utilized to demonstrate a quantitative dissection of the penetration of synthetic nanoparticles (NP) in multicellular 3D spheroids at multiple levels of scale. A pilot RNA interference‐based screening validates this methodology and identifies a subset of RAB GTPases that regulate NP trafficking in these spheroids. This technology is suitable for high‐content phenotyping in 3D cell‐based screening, providing a framework for nanomedicine drug development as applied to translational oncology.
Deflection control for reinforced recycled aggregate concrete beams: Experimental database and extension of the fib Model Code 2010 model
Authors: Tošić Nikola , Marinković Snežana , de Brito Jorge
Published: July 2019

Recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) has emerged as a viable solution for solving some of the environmental problems of concrete production. However, design guidelines for deflection control of reinforced RAC members have not yet been proposed. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the applicability of the fib Model Code 2010 (MC2010) deflection control model to reinforced RAC beams. Three databases of long‐term studies on natural aggregate concrete (NAC) and RAC beams were compiled and meta‐analyses of deflection predictions by MC2010 were performed. First, the MC2010 deflection control model was tested against a large database of long‐term tests on NAC beams. Second, a database of RAC and companion NAC beams was compiled and initial and long‐term deflections were calculated using the MC2010 model. It was shown that deflections of RAC beams are significantly underestimated relative to NAC beams. Previously proposed modifications for MC2010 equations for shrinkage strain and creep coefficient were used, and new modifications for the modulus of elasticity and empirical coefficient β were proposed. The improved MC2010 deflection control model on RAC beams was shown to have equal performance to that on companion NAC beams. The proposals presented in this paper can help engineers to more reliably perform deflection control of reinforced RAC members.
Influence of different types of fiber on the properties of recycled aggregate concrete
Authors: Meesala Chakradhara R.
Published: July 2019

Utilization of recycled aggregate from the construction and demolition waste as a partial substitution of natural aggregate in the concrete has been increased in the recent times in order to minimize the consumption of natural resources and the harmful effects to the environment. The present investigation mainly focuses on the influence of different fibers on mechanical and other properties of concrete made with 50% of recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) as well as concrete with 100% natural aggregate. Three types of fibers such as Woolen fibers (WF), Glass fibers (GF), and Steel fibers (SF) were used in both normal and recycled aggregate concrete mixes. The workability, compressive strength, split tensile and flexural strengths, modulus of elasticity, density, water absorption and volume of voids, and ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) properties of all the mixes were investigated. From the experimental findings it was observed that the fibers significantly improve the mechanical properties of both normal and recycled aggregate concretes. Further among the WF, GF, and SF, SFs had shown more positive impact on the properties of concrete.
Influence of noble gases on electron cyclotron heated hydrogen plasma
Authors: Wu Wenbin , Peng Shixiang , Zhang Jingfeng , Ren Haitao , Zhang Ailin , Xu Yuan , Zhang Tao , Ma Tenghao , Jiang Yaoxiang , Sun Jiang , Guo Zhiyu , Chen Jiaer
Published: July 2019

A quartz‐chamber 2.45‐GHz electron cyclotron resonance ion source (ECRIS) is designed at Peking University for the diagnostic purpose. Experimental results show that the added noble gases in hydrogen could cause a decrease of electron temperature and an increase of electron density. In this work, a numerical model is upgraded for ECR plasma generated by mixed gases. On this basis, the model is applied for the composed hydrogen plasma with additional noble gases. And dependences of neutral gas density and electron density on electron temperature are presented for individual gas (He, Ar, and H2) and gas mixture, respectively. The calculated results are basically in accordance with the diagnostic results of ECRIS.
Eigenvalue equation for the modular graph Ca,b,c,d
Authors: Basu Anirban
Published: July 2019

Abstract

The modular graph C

a,b,c,d
on the torus is a three loop planar graph in which two of the vertices have coordination number four, while the others have coordination number two. We obtain an eigenvalue equation satisfied by C

a,b,c,d
for generic values of a, b, c and d, where the source terms involve various modular graphs. This is obtained by varying the graph with respect to the Beltrami differential on the toroidal worldsheet. Use of several auxiliary graphs at various intermediate stages of the analysis is crucial in obtaining the equation. In fact, the eigenfunction is not simply C

a,b,c,d
but involves subtracting from it specific sums of squares of non-holomorphic Eisenstein series characterized by a, b, c and d.
AdS8 solutions in type II supergravity
Authors: Córdova Clay , De Luca G. Bruno , Tomasiello Alessandro
Published: July 2019

Abstract

We find non-supersymmetric AdS8 solutions of type IIA supergravity. The internal space is topologically an S
2 with a U(1) isometry. The only non-zero flux is F
0; an O8 sourcing it is present at the equator of the S
2. The warping function and dilaton are non-constant. It is also possible to add D8-branes on top of the O8. Possible destabilizing brane bubbles (whose presence would be suggested by the weak-gravity conjecture) are either absent or collapsing. Our solutions are candidate holographic duals to unitary interacting CFTs in seven dimensions with exceptional global symmetry. We also present analogous non-supersymmetric AdS
d
solutions for general d which are supported only by F
0.
BFKL Pomeron loop contribution in diffractive photoproduction and inclusive hadroproduction of J/ψ and ϒ
Authors: Kotko Piotr , Motyka Leszek , Sadzikowski Mariusz , Staśto Anna M.
Published: July 2019

Abstract

We analyze contributions to the heavy vector meson production with large transverse momentum in proton-proton and diffractive photon-proton scattering driven by an exchange of two Balitsky-Fadin-Kuraev-Lipatov Pomerons in the squared amplitudes. The Pomerons couple to a single parton and form a Pomeron loop closed by the vector meson impact factors. For the photon-proton case the diffractive cut of the Pomeron loop contributes, and for the inclusive hadroproduction one finds the loop with two cut Pomerons. We compute both of these Pomeron loop contributions and study in detail their properties. The results are then used to calculate the cross sections for diffractive J/ψ photoproduction with large transverse momentum at HERA and the correlated two Pomeron contribution for inclusive J/ψ and ϒ production cross sections at the LHC. Within a unified approach a good description of the photoproduction data is found, but correlated two Pomeron mechanism gives only a small contribution to hadroproduction of the vector mesons at the LHC.
Nonabelian M5-brane on S6q
Authors: Bak Dongsu , Gustavsson Andreas
Published: July 2019

Abstract

We compute the conformal anomaly of a nonabelian M5 brane on S

q

1
×H
5 in the large N limit by using the gravity dual of a black hole. We also obtain a general formula for this conformal anomaly for any gauge group by combining various results already present in the literature. From the conformal anomaly we extract the Casimir energy on ℝ × S
5. We find agreement with the proposal in arXiv:1507.08553.
Effectiveness of Peer-Delivered Trauma Treatment in a Rural Community: A Randomized Non-inferiority Trial
Authors: Crisanti Annette S. , Murray-Krezan Cristina , Reno Jessica , Killough Cynthia
Published: July 2019

This randomized controlled non-inferiority trial explored the effectiveness of Seeking Safety (SS) delivered by peer providers compared to its delivery by licensed behavioral health clinicians. The study enrolled 291 adults with PTSD and/or substance use disorders. Data were collected at 3 and 6-months post start of treatment. With respect to long-term outcomes, at 6 months PTSD symptoms decreased by 5.1 points [95% CI (− 9.0, − 1.1)] and by 4.9 points [95% CI (− 8.6, − 1.1)] and coping skills increased by 5.5 points [95% CI (0.4, 10.6)] and by 5.6 points [95% CI (0.8, 10.4)], in the peer- and clinician-led groups, respectively. This study demonstrated non-inferiority of peer-delivered SS compared to clinician-delivered SS for reducing PTSD symptoms and similar outcomes for both groups with respect to coping skills. A confirmatory study on the effectiveness of peer-delivered trauma-specific services is warranted, especially given the potential for increasing access to such treatment in underserved rural communities.
That’s not fair! unfair treatment spills over into individual risky financial decisions
Authors: Sekścińska Katarzyna , Rudzinska-Wojciechowska Joanna
Published: July 2019

Studies indicate that experiencing unfairness may influence subsequent decisions. There is initial evidence that this is also true for gambling decisions made after an experience of unfair treatment in a financial domain. The presented studies test whether this can be extended to other domains of financial risk-taking, such as investments. Moreover, we aim to investigate whether the effects of such experience in one domain generalize to other domains. Three experimental studies were conducted to investigate how unfair treatment coming from varied domains affects individuals’ propensities to make risky investment and gambling choices in subsequent tasks. The experience of being a victim or a beneficiary of unfair treatment in financial and non-financial domains was induced and the propensity to take investment and gambling risks was measured. The results of the experiments indicated that the experience of unfairness influences the propensity to make risky financial choices but the domain in which it is experienced plays an important role. Being a victim of financial unfairness makes people more prone to take investment risk and build riskier investing portfolios with more stocks and fewer bonds than when they are beneficiaries or when they are treated fairly. Moreover, being the beneficiary of unfair treatment in a financial domain makes people less prone to choose a sure option (vs risky) in lottery tasks. The abovementioned relationships are exactly the opposite when the experience of (un)fairness comes from a task in a non-financial context. Specifically, the experience of unfair treatment in a non-financial domain leads people to be less prone to make risky investment choices, and it enhances the propensity to build safer investment portfolios with more bonds and fewer stocks than people from the unfair-beneficiary and fair groups. Furthermore, being the beneficiary of unfair treatment in a non-financial context makes people more prone to choose sure option in lottery task.
Conceptualizing and Measuring Global Justice: Theories, Concepts, Principles and Indicators
Authors: Guo Sujian , Lin Xi , Coicaud Jean-Marc , Gu Su , Gu Yanfeng , Liu Qingping , Qin Xuan , Sun Guodong , Wang Zhongyuan , Zhang Chunman
Published: July 2019

Abstracts

The paper focuses on the conceptualization and measurement of global justice and discusses theories, concepts, evaluative principles, and methodologies related to the study of global justice. In this paper, we seek to clarify how to conceptualize global justice, how conceptual indicators can be selected and justified by theories, and how those indicators can be conceptually consistent with the concept of global justice. Global justice is a broad concept that is composed of multi-level and multidimensional aspects belonging to both normative and empirical realities. A coherent and integrated theoretical framework that covers the normative basis and various empirical dimensions is therefore much needed in order to address some of the basic and important questions under study. The paper seeks to synthesize the multiple theories and conceptions of global justice that exist in the academic discourse and literature into three main theoretical approaches to global justice—rights based, good based, and virtue based. These three approaches are a good sample of and reflect well the strengths of the different theoretical, intellectual and cultural traditions at play in the study of global justice. From this perspective, the synthesis of the three approaches is meant to provide us with a coherent theoretical framework that serves as the normative basis and justifies the selection of indicators for measurement.
Economic effects estimation for the Eurasian Economic Union: Application of regional linear regression
Authors: Bayramov Vugar , Breban Dan , Mukhtarov Elmir
Published: July 2019

This paper aims to provide a coherent analysis of the economic impact accession to the Eurasian Economic Union has had on the economies of current member states and what affect membership would have on the economy of Azerbaijan. By applying a Linear Regression Model we find that membership to this regional bloc has yielded minimal financial benefits for the existing members. However, for most states, accession has increased the trade deficit with Russia and that a membership would likely produce a similar negative outcome for Azerbaijan in addition to undermining national economic and energy policy making.
The transition from limited access orders to open access orders in the post-communist Europe
Authors: Legiedz Tomasz
Published: July 2019

This paper attempts to explain the process of institutional transition of post-communist countries applying conceptual framework proposed by D.C. North, J. J. Wallis, and B. R. Weingast. The first part of the article is devoted to outline the theory of North, Weingast, and Wallis. The second part the theory is used to analyze transformation processes in post-communist countries. An important conclusion of this paper is that cultural, religious and historical factors have crucial impact on formation of new coalitions of elites in the transitions countries. In the countries where Western values were present the transfer of the market and democratic formal institutions was easier. Also, the process of transformation was strongly influenced by external factors, especially the prospect of integration with the European Union, which encouraged elites to take action that benefited the opening of both political and economic markets. These observations suggest that, in general, the success of transformation in transition countries did not depend on the intentional actions of ruling elites.
Enhanced One Health Surveillance during the 58th Presidential Inauguration—District of Columbia, January 2017
Authors: Garrett-Cherry Tiana A. , Hennenfent Andrew K. , McGee Sasha , Davies-Cole John
Published: July 2019

Objective:

In January 2017, Washington, DC, hosted the 58th United States presidential inauguration. The DC Department of Health leveraged multiple health surveillance approaches, including syndromic surveillance (human and animal) and medical aid station–based patient tracking, to detect disease and injury associated with this mass gathering.

Methods:

Patient data were collected from a regional syndromic surveillance system, medical aid stations, and an internet-based emergency department reporting system. Animal health data were collected from DC veterinary facilities.

Results:

Of 174 703 chief complaints from human syndromic data, there were 6 inauguration-related alerts. Inauguration attendees who visited aid stations (n = 162) and emergency departments (n = 180) most commonly reported feeling faint/dizzy (n = 29; 17.9%) and pain/cramps (n = 34;18.9%). In animals, of 533 clinical signs reported, most were gastrointestinal (n = 237; 44.5%) and occurred in canines (n = 374; 70.2%). Ten animals that presented dead on arrival were investigated; no significant threats were identified.

Conclusion:

Use of multiple surveillance systems allowed for near-real-time detection and monitoring of disease and injury syndromes in humans and domestic animals potentially associated with inaugural events and in local health care systems.
Selective generation of individual Raman Stokes lines using dissipative soliton resonance pulses
Authors: Xu He , Chen Sheng-Ping , Jiang Zong-Fu
Published: July 2019

Pumped by rectangular-shaped dissipative soliton resonance (DSR) pulses at 1030 nm, selective excitations of Raman Stokes lines of up to third order with extinction ratios of 8 dB and fifth order with extinction ratios of 4 dB are demonstrated experimentally. The rectangular DSR pulses are generated from a dual-amplifier ytterbium-doped figure-of-eight mode-locked laser constructed using all
$10~\unicode[STIX]{x03BC}\text{m}$
-core-diameter large-mode-area fibers. By varying the two pump powers, the peak power of the output DSR pulses can be continuously tuned from 10 W to 100 W and from 30 W to 200 W, respectively, for two different lengths of the nonlinear amplifying loop mirror inside the cavity. High-frequency components are found to correspond to parts of the pulse in the trailing edge when two bandpass filters are used to separate the propagated pulse. Consequently, it provides an all-fiber technique to achieve selective excitation of the Raman shift by adjusting the peak power of the DSR pulse.
REPUTATION AND COMPLIANCE WITH INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS LAW: EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE FROM THE US AND SOUTH KOREA
Authors: Kim Matthew Dale
Published: July 2019

Past studies suggest that domestic public support for compliance with international human rights law can constrain governments to comply with human rights law. But the question remains: Why does the public care about compliance? Using a series of survey experiments in South Korea and the United States, this study finds that constituents are concerned about compliance in one issue area—such as human rights—because they believe it will affect the country's reputation in other domains of international law. Cross-national survey experiments demonstrate that past noncompliance negatively affects the South Korean public's second-order beliefs about the likelihood of future compliance across different issue areas. However, past noncompliance has a limited impact on the US public's first-order beliefs across different domains.
Bifurcation analysis and frequency prediction in shear-driven cavity flow
Authors: Bengana Y. , Loiseau J.-Ch. , Robinet J.-Ch. , Tuckerman L. S.
Published: July 2019

A comprehensive study of the two-dimensional incompressible shear-driven flow in an open square cavity is carried out. Two successive bifurcations lead to two limit cycles with different frequencies and different numbers of structures which propagate along the top of the cavity and circulate in its interior. A branch of quasi-periodic states produced by secondary Hopf bifurcations transfers the stability from one limit cycle to the other. A full analysis of this scenario is obtained by means of nonlinear simulations, linear stability analysis and Floquet analysis. We characterize the temporal behaviour of the limit cycles and quasi-periodic state via Fourier transforms and their spatial behaviour via the Hilbert transform. We address the relevance of linearization about the mean flow. Although here the nonlinear frequencies are not very far from those obtained by linearization about the base flow, the difference is substantially reduced when eigenvalues are obtained instead from linearization about the mean and in addition, the corresponding growth rate is small, a combination of properties called RZIF (real zero imaginary frequency). Moreover growth rates obtained by linearization about the mean of one limit cycle are correlated with relative stability to the other limit cycle. Finally, we show that the frequencies of the successive modes are separated by a constant increment.
Still Afraid of Legal Pluralism? Encountering Santi Romano
Authors: Cotterrell Roger
Published: July 2019

The second edition of Santi Romano’s book, The Legal Order, now appearing in its first English translation (2017), is a pioneer text of legal pluralism. Its interest lies in its extreme radicalism and in the fact that, although it is written by a lawyer, its argument has many important political implications and addresses core conceptual issues in contemporary sociolegal studies of legal pluralism. The social and political context of Romano’s book in early twentieth-century Italy is far from being solely of historical interest. Issues that surrounded his juristic thinking in its time resonate with important political and social issues of today.
Does concealing familiarity evoke other processes than concealing untrustworthiness? – Different forms of concealed information modulate P3 effects
Authors: Koeckritz René , Beauducel André , Hundhausen Johanna , Redolfi Anika , Leue Anja
Published: July 2019

It was investigated whether concealing learned stimulus attributes (i.e., trustworthiness vs. untrustworthiness) has similar effects on the P3 amplitude than concealing stimulus familiarity. According to salience hypothesis, known, deceptive stimuli (probe) are (perceived) more relevant than truthful, unknown stimuli (irrelevant) evoking a more positive probe P3 amplitude. When all stimuli are known, concealing information is more cognitively demanding than non-concealing information evoking a less positive P3 amplitude according to the mental effort account. Ninety-seven participants concealed knowledge of previously learned faces in the familiarity condition (probe vs. irrelevant stimuli). In the trustworthiness condition, participants concealed untrustworthiness to previously learned faces and responded truthfully to previously learned trustworthy and untrustworthy faces (known, concealed vs. known, truthful stimuli). The parietal mean P3 amplitude was more positive for probe stimuli than for irrelevant stimuli in the familiarity condition providing evidence for the salience hypothesis. In the trustworthiness condition, concealing untrustworthiness showed the smallest parietal mean P3 amplitude suggesting evidence for the mental effort hypothesis. Individual differences of perpetrator’s sensitivity to injustice modulated the P3 amplitude in the trustworthiness condition.
14C Bomb Peak Analysis of African Elephant Tusks and its Relation to Cites
Authors: Wild Eva M , Kutschera Walter , Meran Annemarie , Steier Peter
Published: July 2019

We report on a case study of radiocarbon (14C) measurements applied to three pairs of tusks from African elephants, which were supposedly hunted in the 1960s in Tanzania and/or Kenya. The 14C results of 1.40 to 1.60 F14C fall into 14C bomb peak values between 1960 and 1975, thus confirming the suspected hunting time. Since the trading of ivory from African elephants killed after 1989 was banned by the international CITES convention, the investigated tusks are not affected by this ban.
SITUATION VACANT: POTTER REQUIRED IN THE NEWLY FOUNDED LATE SAXONBURHOF NEWARK-ON-TRENT, NOTTINGHAMSHIRE
Authors: Perry Gareth J
Published: July 2019

The potters’ wheel was reintroduced to England in the late ninth century. It spread rapidly throughout eastern England, yet little is known about the mechanisms that facilitated its dissemination and success. This article presents the results of multidisciplinary research into the diffusion of this technology. Focusing on pottery production in late Saxon Newark, Nottinghamshire, an industry thought to have been founded by a potter(s) who had relocated from Torksey, Lincolnshire, this study offers a rare opportunity to examine the movements and craft practices of an individual artisan(s). By considering their manufacturing choices in the context of pottery distribution networks and the contemporary political, social and economic climate, it is demonstrated that the supply of pottery to Newark from regional production centres was restricted, creating a gap in the market and providing an incentive for a potter to relocate, encouraging the spread of the potters’ wheel throughout eastern England.
Fasciolaspecies and their vertebrate and snail intermediate hosts in East and Southern Africa: a review
Authors: Malatji M.P. , Pfukenyi D.M. , Mukaratirwa S.
Published: July 2019

A systematic review was conducted focusing on the distribution ofFasciolaspecies and their snail intermediate hosts (IHs) in East and Southern Africa. The reviewed literature showed that bothFasciola hepaticaandF. giganticaare present in East and Southern Africa, and infect a wide range of domestic and wild ruminants.Fasciola giganticawas reported in six East African and five Southern African countries, whereRadix natalensis(found in low altitudes) was reported to be the main IH.Fasciola hepaticawas reported in Tanzania and Ethiopia (East Africa), and in South Africa and Zimbabwe (Southern Africa), whereGalba truncatula(found in high altitudes) was documented as the IH in all countries except in Zimbabwe. BothFasciolaspecies were documented in Tanzania, Ethiopia, Zimbabwe and South Africa. An overlap of the two was observed in areas with an intermediate altitude in Ethiopia and South Africa, wherePseudosuccinea columellawas widespread and assumed to transmit both species.Pseudosuccinea columellahas been reported in South Africa and Namibia, and proven to transmitF. giganticain South Africa; its role in Namibia in the transmission ofFasciolaspecies has not been reported. Other lymnaeid species such asR. rubiginosawere reported in South Africa, andR. auriculariain South Africa and Botswana; their role in the transmission ofFasciolaspecies has not been proven. Future studies should aim to determine the role ofP. columellain the geographical spread of the two species in East and Southern African countries.
Genotyping and phylogenetic analysis of unusually located hydatid cysts isolated from humans in north-east Iran
Authors: Shafiei R. , Ghatee M.A. , Jafarzadeh F. , Javanshir Z. , Karamian M.
Published: July 2019

Despite several studies conducted to determine the genotypes of cystic echinococcosis (CE) agents in humans and other intermediate hosts, the relationship between parasite genotype and clinical presentation of hydatidosis is yet to be well defined. The aim of this study was to compare the genotypes/haplotypes of CE agents of human extra-hepatopulmonary hydatid cysts and common hydatid cysts of the liver. A comparative analysis was carried out between partial cox1 sequences of ten extra-hepatopulmonary hydatid cysts, two liver cysts and reliable sequences from the GenBank database. All the studied hydatid cysts had the Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto (G1-G2-G3) genotypes. The liver CE cysts were caused by common G1 genotype, while six of the extra-hepatopulmonary cysts had genotypes different from common G1 cysts. The sequences of these six isolates were identical to the G2 and G3 genotypes of E. granulosus sensu stricto; the kidney and peritoneum cysts and most of the brain cysts were identified as G2 genotype, while G3 genotype was only reported in a cyst belonging to the pelvic region. Given the observed differences between the sequences of hydatid cysts, it seems that the replacement of hydatid cysts in organs other than the liver and lungs can be related to their genotypes and probably intra-genotypic characteristics. It was hypothesized that in each geographic area, less frequent genotypes were likely to be more consistent with placement in the host's unusual organs.
Helminth fauna in a semi-arid host species – scaled quail (Callipepla squamata)
Authors: Fedynich A.M. , Bedford K. , Rollins D. , Wester D.B.
Published: July 2019

Helminths were examined from 145 scaled quail (Callipepla squamata) collected during the 2012–2013, 2013–2014 and 2014–2015 hunting seasons from a semi-arid region of Texas that spans four ecoregions. Helminth infracommunities were species poor, averaging 1.7 (range 1–4) species. Six species occurred within the component community of which one (Oxyspirura petrowi) is known to be pathogenic to quail. Aulonocephalus pennula was most abundant (9991 individuals, 95% of total) followed by O. petrowi (391 individuals, 4%). Each of the remaining four species was rare (≤21% prevalence) and contributed few individuals (<1%). In the High Plains ecoregion, prevalence of O. petrowi was higher in host collections made during the 2013–2014 hunting season than either hunting seasons 2012–2013 or 2014–2015 and was higher in the High Plains ecoregion than the Edwards Plateau ecoregion during the 2013–2014 hunting season. Mean abundance of A. pennula and O. petrowi was higher in scaled quail from the High Plains ecoregion than the Edwards Plateau ecoregion. Our results provide new information about helminth fauna in scaled quail, persistence of indirect lifecycle helminth species within a semi-arid region, and the occurrence of pathogenic helminth species within this host species.
Metacercariae ofHeterodiplostomum lanceolatum(Trematoda: Proterodiplostomidae) found inLeptodactylus podicipinus(Anura: Leptodactylidae) from Brazil: a morphological, molecular and ecological study
Authors: Queiroz M.S. , López-Hernández D. , Locke S.A. , Pinto H.A. , Anjos L.A.
Published: July 2019

The trematodes from South American reptiles are poorly known, with only one life cycle completely characterized. We used molecular and morphological methods to characterize diplostomoid metacercariae found in 29 of 86 pointedbelly frogs,Leptodactylus podicipinus(Cope, 1862) collected in a marsh pond in Selvíria, in the central-west region of Brazil. The metacercariae were identified asHeterodiplostomum lanceolatumDubois, 1936 (Proterodiplostomidae), a rarely reported species that matures in snakes. In phylogenetic analysis of partial sequences from 28S rDNA,H. lanceolatumfell within a polytomy with the proterodiplostomidCrocodilicola pseudostoma(molecular divergence of 4.1%) and other members of the superfamily Diplostomoidea. Our collections provide insights into the ecology of this parasite, in that infected frogs were smaller than uninfected frogs, and metacercariae were more numerous in the abdominal cavity and hindlimb muscles than in abdominal muscles, which suggests directions for future research on the transmission and pathology of this proterodiplostomid.
Pragmatics and social motivation in autism
Authors: Kissine Mikhail
Published: July 2019

Pragmatic deficits constitute a central feature of autism, which is highly relevant to Jaswal & Akhtar's criticisms of the social motivation theory of autism. Recent research reveals that while certain context-based interpretations are accessible, more complex pragmatic phenomena remain challenging for people on the spectrum. Such a selective pragmatic impairment is difficult to account for in motivational terms.
The value of giving autistic testimony a substantial role in the science of autism
Authors: Dinishak Janette
Published: July 2019

Jaswal & Akhtar argue that taking seriously autistic testimony will help make the science of autism more humane, accurate, and useful. In this commentary, I pose two questions about autistic testimony's role(s) in a better science of autism and extract a general lesson about the value of autistic testimony from the authors’ arguments.
Compensation in autism is not consistent with social motivation theory
Authors: Livingston Lucy Anne , Shah Punit , Happé Francesca
Published: July 2019

Growing evidence, as presented by Jaswal & Akhtar, indicates that social motivation is not universally reduced in autism. Here, we evaluate and extend this argument in light of recent evidence of “compensation” in autism. We thereby argue that autistic “compensators” – exhibiting neurotypical behaviour despite persistent difficulties in social cognition – indicate intact or potentially heightened social motivation in autism.
A call for revamping socio-emotional ability research in autism
Authors: Olderbak Sally , Geiger Mattis , Wilhelm Oliver
Published: July 2019

In light of Jaswal & Akhtar's compelling argument, we argue there should instead be more focus on deficits in socio-emotional abilities. However, current research is limited by the psychometric problems with most measures. We discuss specific problems, outlining examples for theory of mind. We conclude with recommendations for new lines of research derived from findings in the individual differences literature.
Being misunderstood in autism: The role of motor disruption in expressive communication, implications for satisfying social relations
Authors: Delafield-Butt Jonathan , Trevarthen Colwyn , Rowe Philip , Gillberg Christopher
Published: July 2019

Jaswal & Akhtar's outstanding target article identifies the necessary social nature of the human mind, even in autism. We agree with the authors and present significant contributory origins of this autistic isolation in disruption of purposeful movement made social from infancy. Timing differences in expression can be misunderstood in embodied engagement, and social intention misread. Sensitive relations can repair this.
The benefits of modesty
Authors: Rutherford Danilyn
Published: July 2019

Speaking as an anthropologist, I comment on three striking features of Jaswal & Akhtar's argument. I suggest that the boldness of their intervention lies in its modesty. In challenging a parsimonious explanation for autistic behavior, they invite a conversation including scholars from other disciplines, as well as autistic people themselves.
Reconciling autistic individuals’ self-reported social motivation with diminished social reward responsiveness in neuroimaging
Authors: Yankowitz Lisa D. , Clements Caitlin C.
Published: July 2019

The self-report of some autistic individuals that they experience social motivation should not be interpreted as a refutation of neuroimaging evidence supporting the social motivation hypothesis of autism. Neuroimaging evidence supports subtle differences in unconscious reward processing, which emerge at the group level and which may not be perceptible to individuals, but which may nonetheless impact an individual's behavior.
Classical social reward signatures in infants with later ASD
Authors: Gliga Teodora , Elsabbagh Mayada
Published: July 2019

Autistic individuals can be socially motivated. We disagree with the idea that self-report is sufficient to understand their social drive. Instead, we underscore evidence for typical non-verbal signatures of social reward during the early development of autistic individuals. Instead of focusing on whether or not social motivation is typical, research should investigate the factors that modulate social drives.
Individual differences, social attention, and the history of the social motivation hypotheses of autism
Authors: Mundy Peter C.
Published: July 2019

The stereotype of people with autism as unresponsive or uninterested in other people was prominent in the 1980s. However, this view of autism has steadily given way to recognition of important individual differences in the social-emotional development of affected people and a more precise understanding of the possible role social motivation has in their early development.
Tri-Criteria Optimization Motion Planning at Acceleration-Level of Dual Redundant Manipulators
Authors: Jia Zhaoli , Chen Siyuan , Zhang Zhijun , Zhong Nan , Zhang Pengchao , Qu Xilong , Xie Jinhua , Ouyang Fan
Published: July 2019

In order to solve joint-angle drift problem of dual redundant manipulators at acceleration-level, an acceleration-level tri-criteria optimization motion planning (ALTC-OMP) scheme is proposed, which combines the minimum acceleration norm, repetitive motion planning, and infinity-norm acceleration minimization solutions via weighting factor. This scheme can resolve the joint-angle drift problem of dual redundant manipulators which will arise in single criteria or bi-criteria scheme. In addition, the proposed scheme considers joint-velocity joint-acceleration physical limits. The proposed scheme can not only guarantee joint-velocity and joint-acceleration within their physical limits, but also ensure that final joint-velocity and joint-acceleration are near to zero. This scheme is realized by dual redundant manipulators which consist of left and right manipulators. In order to ensure the coordinated operation of manipulators, two motion planning problems are reformulated as two general quadratic program (QP) problems and further unified into one standard QP problem, which is solved by a simplified linear-variational-inequalities-based primal-dual neural network at the acceleration-level. Computer-simulation results based on dual PUMA560 redundant manipulators further demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed ALTC-OMP scheme to resolve joint-angle drift problem arising in the dual redundant manipulators.
Recent Contributions of Data Mining to Language Learning Research
Authors: Warschauer Mark , Yim Soobin , Lee Hansol , Zheng Binbin
Published: July 2019

This paper will review the role of data mining in research on second language learning. Following a general introduction to the topic, three areas of data mining research will be summarized—clustering techniques, text-mining, and social network analysis—with examples from both the broader field and studies conducted by the authors. The application of data mining in second language learning research is relatively new, and more theoretical and empirical support is needed in the appropriate collection, use, and interpretation of data for specific research and pedagogical objectives. The three examples that we introduce illustrate how new data sources accessible in online environments can be analyzed to better understand the optimal instructional context for corpus-based vocabulary learning (clustering technique), characteristics and patterns of collaborative written interaction using Google Docs (text mining and visualizations), and issues of access and community in computer-mediated discussion (social network analysis). Implications of these new techniques for L2 research will be discussed.
Technology and L2 Pragmatics Learning
Authors: González-Lloret Marta
Published: July 2019

The field of technology and language learning, also known as CALL (computer-assisted language learning), is now a robust area of study informed by research and practice in the fields of language education, computer science, psychology, sociology, cognitive science, cultural studies, and, most of all, applied linguistics and second language acquisition (SLA). As with any other large field of study, some subareas have become the focus of study, often influenced by advances and research in applied linguistics, while others remain to be explored further; among these is the area of technology-mediated second/foreign language (L2) pragmatics, also known as interlanguage pragmatics. The lack of research in this area is puzzling if one considers that pragmatic competence is one of the essential components of communicative competence and that most of the technologies today exist in the service of communication. This article reviews the efforts so far to explore the connections between interlanguage pragmatics and a variety of technologies and innovations, as well as existing resources to bring L2 pragmatic teaching into the language classroom. It then suggests unexplored areas where technology could be used to aid the development of pragmatic competence and where pragmatic theory can inform SLA research.
World CALL: Are We Connected?
Authors: Levy Mike
Published: July 2019

In the last 20 years we have moved from a somewhat idealistic vision of the internet to one that is far more nuanced and complex. Disruption and change now surround us in a more uncertain and unpredictable world (Foer, 2017; Greenfield, 2017; Lanier, 2018; O'Neil, 2016). This article examines some of the key changes in the wider world and how they may relate to the use of new technologies in second language learning. This topic is approached from three perspectives that have thus far been relatively unexplored. First, the article looks at digital literacy, a cognate field that has long been motivated by issues and concerns relating to educational technology and the classroom–world connection. Second, it considers the role and use of authentic materials and texts. Third, it contrasts notions of input and output as these terms apply to humans and machines, and as they are used in research on second language learning.

The goal throughout is to highlight the benefits of increased connectivity between the wider world and the world of the language classroom. Through increased awareness and informed debate, it is hoped this will place us in a stronger position to understand and plan for the changes ahead.
Technology, Motivation and Autonomy, and Teacher Psychology in Language Learning: Exploring the Myths and Possibilities
Authors: Stockwell Glenn , Reinders Hayo
Published: July 2019

The expectations of the impact of technology for language teaching and learning have often exceeded the actual results themselves, where emerging technologies are often believed to be more effective than existing ones simply because they are newer, with little consideration of the differences in associated pedagogies (see Bax, 2003; Levy & Stockwell, 2006). Technology is often believed to be inherently motivating for students and linked to the development of autonomy. The realities of technology and its influence on motivation are proving to be somewhat more complex than perceived for both language teachers and learners (Stockwell, 2013). Technology can provide opportunities for motivated learners but is unlikely to lead to motivation or autonomous behavior in many learners unless appropriate pedagogies are applied that capitalize on the affordances of the technologies and include sufficient training in how to use the technologies for language learning purposes (see Reinders, 2018a). At the same time, the role of teachers in the classroom and their attitudes toward their environment and the pressures that they face (Mercer & Kostoulas, 2018) can also impact technology implementation. This article brings together these three interrelated areas and explores how they link to technology: learner motivation and autonomy, teacher psychology, and pedagogical considerations.
Past the Anthropocentric: Sociocognitive Perspectives for Tech-Mediated Language Learning
Authors: Ocando Finol Maria
Published: July 2019

Researchers in second language acquisition (SLA) have long debated the nature of human cognition and how it affects second language learning (L2L). On the one hand, and largely dominating the field of SLA, is the cognitive approach, which focuses on the brain as the unit for cognitive analysis. On the other hand, sociocultural theory holds that human cognition is mediated by cultural artifacts. These perspectives present significantly different views on interaction, understanding it as either auxiliary or instrumental in the learning process, or “fundamentally constitutive” of learning (Mondada & Pekarek Doehler, 2004, p. 502). Increasingly concerned with the role of technology in language learning, current computer-assisted language learning (CALL) research demands theoretical frameworks that account for the ecological relationship between learners, the tools they use, and the environments they inhabit. This article raises the issue of how anthropocentric perspectives on technology have permeated the field of CALL until now, inhibiting its development. I suggest the need for CALL to adopt a less instrumental, more determinist (Carr, 2010) view of the role that technology plays in language learning, by engaging in sociocognitive research (Atkinson, 2010) that embraces the transformative power that technology has over cognition.
Emergent Digital Discourses: What Can We Learn From Hashtags and Digital Games to Expand Learners’ Second Language Repertoire?
Authors: Sykes Julie M.
Published: July 2019

In recent years, digital technologies have expanded the possibilities for human interactions in ways that were never before imagined, further complicating the teaching and learning of languages (Taguchi & Sykes, 2013; Thorne, Sauro, & Smith, 2015). Despite this complexity, when approached as meaningful, high-stakes practices, discourses in digital contexts can be highly useful for language learning and teaching. This article synthesizes work related to two digital discourse contexts, specifically hashtags and digital games. Moving away from technology as the vehicle to deliver “important content,” the analysis to follow examines digital discourses as both the content and context to be examined as part of learners’ multilingual experiences. The article begins by situating the discussion focused on digital discourses, reviewing relevant work addressing interactional patterns in each context, and then applying findings to second language teaching and learning. Drawing on empirical work, the article then describes a framework with specific examples for learner exploration of digital discourses as part of their language learning experience. The article concludes with implications for future research and teaching.
Predicting the pressure of the total cavopulmonary connection: clinical testing of a mathematical equation
Authors: Di Molfetta Arianna , Iacobelli Roberta , Rotella Silvia , Gagliardi Maria G. , Amodeo Antonio , Formigari Roberto , Pasquini Luciano , Iorio Salvatore F. , Guccione Paolo
Published: July 2019

Introduction:

Some authors advocate the use of a dedicated formula to predict the Fontan pressure starting from pre-Fontan catheterisation data. This paper aims at testing the predictive value of the mentioned formula through a retrospective clinical study.

Methods and Results:

Pre-Fontan catheterisation data and Fontan pressure measured at the completion were retrospectively collected. Pre-Fontan data were used to calculate the predicted pressure in the Fontan system. The predicted values were compared to the Fontan pressure measured at the Fontan completion and with the needs for fenestration. One hundred twenty-four Fontan patients were retrospectively enrolled (At Fontan: median age 30.73 [24.70–37.20] months, median weight 12.00 [10.98–14.15] kg). Fontan conduit was fenestrated in 78 patients. A poor correlation (r2= 0.05128) between the measured and predicted data for non-fenestrated patients was observed. In the case of Fontan-predicted pressure <17.59 mmHg, the formula identified a good short-term clinical outcome with a sensitivity of 92%.

Conclusion:

The proposed formula showed a poor capability in estimating the actual pressure into the Fontan system and in identifying patients needing fenestration. As the pressure into the Fontan system is determined by multiple factors, the tested formula could be an additional data in a multi-parametric approach.