bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Representation of socioscientific issues in the most popular Turkish daily newspapers
Authors: Tekin Nurcan , Aslan Oktay , Yılmaz Süleyman
Published: June 2016

Socioscientific issues (SSIs) have become important in science education because of their feature of important component of scientific literacy. The purpose of this study is to analyze the representation of SSIs in Turkish national newspapers. The methodology employed in the present study is content analysis. The archives of newspapers were online searched for predetermined SSIs, news titles were categorized according to content and year. And then, samples of news tittle were selected from various newspapers for each issue tittle and were demonstrated with newspaper name and publishing year. The results demonstrated that the most mentioned SSIs are nuclear energy, environmental pollution/problems, and global warming in the last 11 years. Moreover, a steady was seen in the SSIs between 2004 and 2014. Interpretations are given in more detail in results and discussion.
RETRACTED: RAPD-based DNA fingerprinting in Lantana camara L. ecotypes and development of a digital database platform ‘LANRAD’
Authors: Talukdar Tulika , Talukdar Dibyendu
Published: June 2016

Retraction of: Talukdar, T and Talukdar, D. 2016. Plant Science Today 3(2): 72-87
Nuclear DNA Content and Ploidy Level of Apple Cultivars Including Polish ones in Relation to Some Morphological Traits
Authors: Podwyszyńska Małgorzata , Kruczyńska Dorota , Machlańska Aleksandra , Dyki Barbara , Sowik Iwona
Published: June 2016

Apple species and cultivars differ in nuclear (2C) DNA content and ploidy level. The majority of these genotypes are diploids, but there are some triploids and a few tetraploids. Nuclear DNA content is a specific feature and its flow cytometric evaluation can be helpful in differentiating taxa. For many apple genotypes – including all the Polish ones, these characteristics are not known. 2C DNA was evaluated in relation to leaf, flower, fruit, pollen grain and stomata sizes as well as to the flowering time for seventy genotypes (including 46 Polish cultivars) gathered in the gene bank of the Research Institute of Horticulture, Skierniewice, Poland. For standard cultivars with the known chromosome number, 2C value was 1.71 pg for diploid cultivar ‘Alwa’ (2n=2x=34), 2.55 pg for triploid ‘Boskoop’ (3x=51), and 3.37 pg for tetraploid genome (4x=68) of mixoploid ‘McIntosh 2x+4x’. In 61 cultivars (including 41 Polish ones), the nuclear DNA content ranged from 1.58 to 1.78 pg indicating their diploid chromosome number. Five cultivars were identified as triploids (‘Bursztówka Polska’, ‘Pagacz’, ‘Rapa Zielona’, ‘Rarytas Śląski’ and ‘Witos’) owing to their nuclear DNA amount ranging between 2.42 and 2.58 pg. Leaf, flower, fruit, stomata and pollen grain sizes were on average significantly larger in triploids. Thus, in 3x plants the mean leaf surface was 49.1 cm2, flower diameter – 52.4 mm, fruit weight – 204.7 g, stomata length – 32.1 μm and pollen grain diameter – 33.7 μm, whereas in diploids – 36.0 cm2, 46.1 mm, 162.7 g, 28.4 μm and 30.7 μm, respectively. Pollen grain viability was on average significantly higher in diploids (75.6%), compared to triploids (22%). These results confirm that in apple, as in many other plant species, the higher ploidy level of triploids is generally associated with increased sizes of pollen grains, stomata, flowers, fruits and leaves but decreased pollen viability. No clear correlation between ploidy level and flowering time was found. In the case of mixoploid apple genotypes possessing diploid and tetraploid genomes, some phenotype observation is helpful in describing the ploidy level of the histogenic layers, L1 and L2. Small stomata sizes (similar to diploid) indicate diploid L1 and larger leaf sizes, compared to diploid counterparts, show tetraploid L2. The results will be used for breeding, in which it is important to determine maternal and paternal genotypes as well as the direction of the crossing that is of great importance in obtaining seeds and materials for further selection.
Shrinkage Porosity Criterion and Its Application to A 5.5 Ton Steel Ingot
Authors: Zhang C. , Bao Y. , Wang M. , Zhang L.
Published: June 2016

In order to predict the distribution of shrinkage porosity in steel ingot efficiently and accurately, a criterion R√L and a method to obtain its threshold value were proposed. The criterion R√L was derived based on the solidification characteristics of steel ingot and pressure gradient in the mushy zone, in which the physical properties, the thermal parameters, the structure of the mushy zone and the secondary dendrite arm spacing were all taken into consideration. The threshold value of the criterion R√L was obtained with combination of numerical simulation of ingot solidification and total solidification shrinkage rate. Prediction of the shrinkage porosity in a 5.5 ton ingot of 2Cr13 steel with criterion R√L>0.21 m · °C1/2 · s−3/2 agreed well with the results of experimental sectioning. Based on this criterion, optimization of the ingot was carried out by decreasing the height-to-diameter ratio and increasing the taper, which successfully eliminated the centreline porosity and further proved the applicability of this criterion.
Mechanical Stresses Induced by Compression in Castings of the Load-carrying Grate
Authors: Słowik J. , Drotlew A. , Piekarski B.
Published: June 2016

The main aim of this study was to examine the compression-induced state of stress arising in castings of the guide grates during operation in pusher-type furnaces for heat treatment. The effect of grate compression is caused by its forced movement in the furnace. The introduction of flexible segments to the grate structure changes in a significant way the stress distribution, mainly by decreasing its value, and consequently considerably extends the lifetime of the grates. The stress distribution was examined in the grates with flexible segments arranged crosswise (normal to the direction of the grate compression) and lengthwise (following the direction of force). A regression equation was derived to describe the relationship between the stress level in a row of ribs in the grate and the number of flexible segments of a lengthwise orientation placed in this row. It was found that, regardless of the distribution of the flexible segments in a row, the stress values were similar in all the ribs included in this row, and in a given row of the ribs/flexible segments a similar state of stress prevailed, irrespective of the position of this row in the whole structure of the grate and of the number of the ribs/flexible segments introduced therein. Parts of the grate responsible for the stress transfer were indicated and also parts which play the role of an element bonding the structure.
Abrasion Wear Behavior of High-chromium Cast Iron
Authors: Pokusová M. , Brúsilová A. , Šooš Ľ. , Berta I.
Published: June 2016

High-chromium cast irons are used as abrasion resistant materials. Their wear resistance depends on quantity of carbides and the matrix supporting these carbides. The paper presents the results of cast irons of chemical composition (in wt. %) 19–22 Cr and 2–4.5 C alloyed by 1.7 Mo + 5 Ni + 2 Mn to improve their toughness, which were tested in working conditions of ferroalloys crushing. Tests showed that these as-cast chromium cast irons with mostly austenitic matrix achieved the hardness of 38-45 HRC, but their relative abrasion resistance Ψ ranged from 1.3 to 4.6, was higher comparing to the tool made from the X210Cr12 steel heat treated on hardness 61 HRC. The transformation of austenite into martensite occurs not only at the worn strained areas (on a surface of scratch) but also in their neighbourhood. Due to the work hardening of relatively large volumes of transformed austenite the cast iron possesses high abrasion resistance also on the surfaces where low pressures are acting. The tough abrasion-resistant cast iron well proved for production of dynamic and wear stressed castings e.g., crusher hammers, cutting tools for ceramic etc.
Effect of Heat Treatment Parameters on the Toughness of Unalloyed Ausferritic Ductile Iron
Authors: Guzik E. , Sokolnicki M. , Nowak A.
Published: June 2016

Studies were carried out to determine the effect of heat treatment parameters on the plastic properties of unalloyed ausferritic ductile iron, such as the elongation and toughness at ambient temperature and at – 60 °C. The effect of austenitizing temperature (850, 900 and 950°C) and ausferritizing time (5 - 180 min.) at a temperature of 360°C was also discussed. The next step covered investigations of a relationship that is believed to exist between the temperature (270, 300, 330, 360 and 390 °C) and time (5, 10, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 240 min.) of the austempering treatment and the mechanical properties of unalloyed ausferritic ductile iron, when the austenitizing temperature is 950°C. The “process window” was calculated for the ADI characterized by high toughness corresponding to the EN-GJS-800-10-RT and EN-GJS-900-8 grades according to EN-PN 1564 and to other high-strength grades included in this standard. Low-alloyed cast iron with the nodular graphite is an excellent starting material for the technological design of all the ausferritic ductile iron grades included in the PN-EN-1624 standard. The examined cast iron is characterized by high mechanical properties stable within the entire range of heat treatment parameters.
Risk Prediction Models for Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy: Role of 12-Lead Electrocardiography
Authors: Angeli Fabio , Angeli Enrica , D’Antonio Antonella , Poltronieri Cristina , Ambrosio Giuseppe
Published: June 2016

Hypertensive disorders represent the most common medical complications of pregnancy, affecting 6 to 8 percent of gestations. They may lead to severe maternal and fetal complications.

Several observational studies have highlighted that weight, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, obtained at antenatal visit prior to 16 weeks, may be suitable to stratify the risk of developing hypertensive disorders during pregnancy.

Recently, however, other markers have been proposed as potential predictors of hypertensive disorders during pregnancy. In this context, some electrocardiographic changes have shown significant power in refining risk stratification. Specifically, changes during pregnancy in QT interval and P wave morphology improved the accuracy of multivariable models for the prediction of hypertensive disorders. In particular, the presence of left atrial abnormalities at ECG seems to be associated with a marked increase in the risk of developing hypertensive disorders, and when included in a multivariable model taking into account some maternal features, it may discriminate between women who will develop hypertensive disorders during pregnancy and women who will remain normotensive. This prediction model was also able to identify pregnant women at increased risk for the occurrence of fetal/neonatal complications.

The aim of the present overview is to discuss the available data supporting the evidence that specific ECG patterns occurring early in pregnancy may have clinical relevance for risk prediction of hypertensive disorders.
Fluid Resuscitation and Massive Transfusion Protocol in Pediatric Trauma
Authors: Marjanović Vesna , Budić Ivana
Published: June 2016

Trauma is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children due to the occurrence of hemorrhagic shock. Hemorrhagic shock and its consequences, anemia and hypovolemia, decrease oxygen delivery, due to which appropriate transfusion and volume resuscitation are critical. Guidelines for massive transfusion, in the pediatric trauma, have not been defined yet. Current data indicate that early identification of coagulopathy and its treatment with RBSs, plasma and platelets in a 1:1:1 unit ratio, and limited use of crystalloids may improve survival in pediatric trauma patients.
Comparative Analysis of the Physicochemical Parameters of Breast Milk, Starter Infant Formulas and Commercial Cow Milks in Serbia
Authors: Sunarić Slavica , Jovanović Tatjana , Spasić Ana , Denić Marko , Kocić Gordana
Published: June 2016

Data on the physical properties of cow milk and infant formulas are important since they indicate the differences in physicochemical and rheological characteristics and compatibility with natural breast milk. This fact is important not only for quality control but also for the use of these commercial products as infant diet supplements or as complete breast milk substitutes. This study was undertaken to determine refractive index, surface tension, pH, electrical conductivity, viscosity and titratable acidity of the UHT cow milk, starter infant formulas and breast milk of Serbian mothers in order to compare commercial milk formulations with natural human milk. The paper also presents the measured data of some physical parameters of human milk about which there is little information in the literature. It has been also demonstrated how these parameters were changed by freezing and prolonged storage of breast milk.

In this study, 8 commercial cow milks, 6 starter infant formulas and 15 different samples of colostrum, transition and mature breast milk were included. The titratable acidity, pH, electrical conductivity, refractive index, viscosity and surface tension were measured by using standardized techniques. It has been found that infant formulas available on the Serbian market differ in physicochemical parameters compared to breast milk. Regarding these parameters, none of the analyzed formulas fully corresponded to breast milk. It has been also shown that measurement of physical parameters is simple and inexpensive way to monitor the milk shelf-life which is important for human milk banks.
Possibilities of Using Waste after Pressing Oil from Oilseeds for Energy Purposes
Authors: Kachel-Jakubowska Magdalena , Kraszkiewicz Artur , Krajewska Marta
Published: June 2016

Currently, many countries are establishing goals for substituting fossil fuels with biomass. This global trade in solid biofuels, which is to some extent already taking place, will have a major impact not only on other commodity markets like vegetable oils or animal fodder but also on the global land use change and on environmental impacts. It demonstrates the strong but complex link between biofuels production and the global food market, it unveils policy measures as the main drivers for production and use of biofuels and it analyzes various sustainability indicators and certification schemes for biofuels with respect to minimizing the adverse effects of biofuels. Biomass is seen as a very promising option for fulfilling the environmental goals defined by the European Commission as well as various national governments. We have measured selected physicochemical properties of several the most common oilseeds and the residue materials in the form of cakes, moisture, fat, heat of combustion, the calorific value and ash content. The results showed that the considered plants and waste derived therefrom can be a good energy source. Examples include sunflower oilcake, sesame, pumpkin and rapeseed cake, for which the calorific value amounted to respectively: 28.17; 27.77; 26.42 and 21.69 MJ·kg−1.
The Impact of Infrasounds Generated by Wind Power Stations on a Human Being
Authors: Romański Leszek , Bieniek Jerzy , Bukowski Przemysław , Kobel Przemysław
Published: June 2016

In some opinion-forming environments the problem of noise emitted by wind power stations is very controversial. It is even suggested that they negatively affect the quality and length of human life. Based on the review of domestic and foreign publications an analysis of the impact of the low-frequency noise on a human being was carried out. Wind power stations operating in groups (farms) constituted the source of noise. It was proved that the level of acoustic pressure with G weighting does not exceed the value of 85 dB. The value of the admissible burdensome noise (102 dB) was exceeded in the bus cabins which were driving with the speed exceeding 30 km·h−1. The opinion of the Ministry of Health confirms the findings. It proves that the present knowledge does not allow a clear indication of the relation between the wind farms and their negative impact on the human health.
Evaluation of recent Earth’s global gravity field models with terrestrial gravity data
Authors: Karpik Alexander P. , Kanushin Vadim F. , Ganagina Irina G. , Goldobin Denis N. , Kosarev Nikolay S. , Kosareva Alexandra M.
Published: June 2016

In the context of the rapid development of environmental research technologies and techniques to solve scientific and practical problems in different fields of knowledge including geosciences, the study of Earth’s gravity field models is still important today. The results of gravity anomaly modelling calculated by the current geopotential models data were compared with the independent terrestrial gravity data for the two territories located in West Siberia and Kazakhstan. Statistical characteristics of comparison results for the models under study were obtained. The results of investigations show that about 70% of the differences between the gravity anomaly values calculated by recent global geopotential models and those observed at the points in flat areas are within ±10 mGal, in mountainous areas are within ±20 mGal.
Building Impact Businesses through Hybrid Financing
Authors: Martin Maximilian
Published: June 2016

The paper shows how social enterprises can be funded efficiently, and in ways that are compatible with their underlying business models, by combining both grants and different forms of investment capital. Financial sustainability remains one of the most pressing issues facing the social enterprise sector, despite rapid development over the past few decades. The paper sheds light on select funding instruments revealing how hybrid financing strategies can enable and enhance the organic growth of social enterprises and drive greater impact.
Mechanical Properties and Microstructures of Ni20Cr Micro-wires with Abnormal Plastic Deformation
Authors: Zhou Xiuwen , Liu Xudong , Qi Yidong , Wu Weidong
Published: June 2016

Ni80Cr20 (Ni20Cr, wt%) micro-wires were fabricated by the cold-drawing method with single die. Abnormal engineering strains were approximately 17.3–46.6 % for each pass. The relationship between mechanical properties and microstructures of Ni20Cr micro-wires were investigated under different engineering strains and annealing conditions. Experiment results indicate that the as-drawn NiCr micro-wires present obviously brittle fractures. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) significantly increases from 781 to 1,147 MPa and the elongation decreases from 17.2 % to 1 % with engineering strains increasing. The deformed microstructures of Ni20Cr micro-wire were analyzed in detail including two-phase (solid solution/amorphous phase), edge dislocations and twins. With the annealing temperature increasing, specimens had experienced three stages and their mechanical properties were improved. After annealing at 890 °C (with 6.5 g stress) for 7.3 s in N2, the Ni20Cr micro-wires benefited for the second drawing pass. The results are very importance in fabricating Ni20Cr micro-wire with the diameter from 25 to 10 μm.
Französische Berichte von einer „Studienreise“ über das preußische Militär im Jahre 1786
Authors: Deflers Isabelle
Published: June 2016

Nach der traumatisierenden Niederlage der französischen Truppen durch die preußische Armee unter Friedrich dem Großen bei Roßbach am 5. November 1757 entwickelte sich seit 1763 nach Beendigung des Siebenjährigen Krieges ein regelrechter Militärtourismus nach Preußen. Die französische Öffentlichkeit erholte sich nicht von der Kränkung, die die Nachfahren des glorreichen Ludwigs XIV. einem König gegenüber erlitten, dessen Stern stets aufstieg, während die Aura Frankreichs immer mehr abnahm. Zahlreiche französische Offiziere machten sich deshalb auf den Weg nach Potsdam, Berlin und Schlesien, um die Geheimnisse der militärischen Erfolge Friedrichs II. vor Ort zu studieren, in der Hoffnung, daraus Reformprogramme zur Verbesserung ihrer eigenen Armee entwerfen zu können. Somit erhofften sie sich, den verlorenen Glanz des französischen Heeres und dessen ersten Rang in Europa wiederherzustellen. In diesem Kontext fand 1786, im letzten Lebensjahr des „roi connétable“, die Reise von Hippolyte-Jean-René d'Emskerque, Marquis de Toulongeon statt. Der Reisebericht und insbesondere die darin enthaltene militärische Expertise bilden ein typisches Beispiel sowohl für die Bereiche, für die sich französische Offiziere interessierten, als auch für ihre Vergleichsanalyse beider Militärsysteme. Dabei fiel es ihnen schwer, Preußen als ein Vorbild anzusehen, das dazu beitragen sollte, ihre eigene Armee zu verbessern. Der Reisebericht des Marquis de Toulongeon illustriert einen bestimmten Typus der Zirkulation des militärischen Wissens zwischen Frankreich und Preußen in der zweiten Hälfte des 18. Jahrhunderts sowie die Grenzen eines effektiven Transfers dieses Wissens.
Privates Kapital für öffentliche Aufgaben. Aktiengesellschaften in Preußen zum Ausbau der militärischen Infrastruktur zwischen Vormärz und Reichsgründung
Authors: Sicken Bernhard
Published: June 2016

Die Reformära der Jahre 1808–1815/18 in Preußen schloss die bewaffnete Macht ein, die mit dem Übergang zur Allgemeinen Wehrpflicht auf eine neue gesellschaftliche Basis gestellt worden war und intentional staatsbürgerliche Rechte und Pflichten verknüpfte. Plausible Konsequenz wäre Gleichheit bei den Lasten gewesen, die aber weder beim Heranziehen zum Wehrdienst noch bei den materiellen Anforderungen erzielt wurde. Den Mangel auf dem infrastrukturellen Sektor, der hier mit dem Unterkunftsbedarf im Mittelpunkt steht, kompensierte die öffentliche Hand durch den tradierten Anspruch auf Bürgerquartier, der wiederum wegen unzulänglicher Vergütung zu vielen Klagen führte, denen der finanziell notleidende Staat wenig entgegenzusetzen hatte, geschweige denn durch Investitionen die Ursache zu nehmen vermochte. Deshalb ergriffen manche mit Truppen belegte Städte die Initiative und sorgten für eine Kasernierung „ihres Militärs“, einerseits um von Einquartierung verschont zu bleiben, andererseits um sich die von einer Garnison erhofften und durch das Kriegsressort gern hervorgehobenen ökonomischen Vorteile zu sichern. Die private und kommunale Beihilfe firmierte meist als Zuschuss, doch zuweilen auch als Vorschuss, der bei vertraglich ausgehandelter Tilgung den Staat nachweislich in die Pflicht nahm und mittelbar die Anerkennung der unbeschränkten fiskalischen Unterhaltslast der Streitmacht antizipierte. Damit sind die Konturen und die Erträge des Beitrags markiert, der mit der teils praktizierten, teils diskutierten Finanzierung von Infrastrukturbedürfnissen durch Aktienfonds ein ungewöhnliches Konzept behandelt, das in die Zeit des Übergangs von der Früh- zur Hochindustrialisierung fällt und nach neuen Wegen zum Beschaffen von Mitteln suchen ließ. Dass solche Kapitalgesellschaften mitunter vor der Normierung des Aktienrechts entstanden und auf beachtliches Interesse stießen, verweist auf das Moderne des Ansatzes.
Cooperation and coercion
Authors: Audring Jenny , Booij Geert
Published: June 2016

Coercion is a much-discussed topic in the linguistic literature. This article expands the usual range of cases at the most subtle and the extreme end: it demonstrates how coercion extends into semantic flexibility on the one hand and into idiomaticity on the other. After discussing a broad variety of coercion cases in syntax and morphology and briefly reviewing the equally diverse literature, we identify three mechanisms – selection, enrichment, and override – that have alternatively been proposed to account for coercion effects. We then present an approach that combines all three mechanisms, arguing that they can be unified along a single axis: the degree of top-down influence of complex structures on lexical semantics.
Formulating Place, Common Ground, and
a Moral Order in Lachixío Zapotec
Authors: Sicoli Mark A.
Published: June 2016

People make reference to places in the variable formulations afforded by their languages and
to multiple ends that in addition to picking out a referent, simultaneously build conceptual common
ground about seen and unseen landscapes, including moral stances about the social geography. This paper
examines the different ways that Lachixío Zapotec speakers of Oaxaca, Mexico, formulate and interpret
place references in the dialogic narratives of their conversations. I examine sequences of interaction within
stories that emerged in conversations as joint social actions. These sequences include both speakers’
place formulations and addressees’ responses that publically display their uptake and stances toward
the references. I describe resources of the Lachixío Zapotec language for referencing place and show how
place references are entangled with person references, references to historical events, and participants’
moral stances toward such references. Through examining references to locations within sequences of
conversational story telling we gather some evidence for how conceptual common ground and moral value
is developed through the step-wise progression of turn-taking and how stances about places come to be
culturally shared or contested between interlocutors dialogically.
Search of latent periodicity in amino acid sequences by means of genetic algorithm and dynamic programming
Authors: Pugacheva Valentina , Korotkov Alexander , Korotkov Eugene
Published: June 2016

The aim of this study was to show that amino acid sequences have a latent periodicity with insertions and deletions of amino acids in unknown positions of the analyzed sequence. Genetic algorithm, dynamic programming and random weight matrices were used to develop a new mathematical algorithm for latent periodicity search. A multiple alignment of periods was calculated with help of the direct optimization of the position-weight matrix without using pairwise alignments. The developed algorithm was applied to analyze amino acid sequences of a small number of proteins. This study showed the presence of latent periodicity with insertions and deletions in the amino acid sequences of such proteins, for which the presence of latent periodicity was not previously known. The origin of latent periodicity with insertions and deletions is discussed.
‘Brotherhood and Unity’ dissolved. Yugoslav radio broadcasting in (west) berlin and the changing politics of representation, 1988-95
Authors: Thaden Matthias
Published: June 2016

This article addresses the re-negotiation of national belonging among Yugoslav immigrants in (West) Berlin before and during the Yugoslav wars of the 1990s. By analysing the content of a radio show produced for Yugoslavs living in Berlin, I discuss the context and changing nature of representations of ethnic solidarities. I aim to debunk approaches that — in accordance with the concept of ‘long-distance nationalism’ — argue that Yugoslav immigrants were rapidly nationalized while living abroad. Instead, I suggest a rather ambiguous picture that accounts for the conflicting and often contradictory discourses of belonging as well as the various actors involved. By the end of the 1980s matters of national belonging had become intertwined with questions of democratic legitimacy, gradually leading to an endorsement of an ethnic framing of the Yugoslav crises. The ‘nationalization’ of the ‘Yugoslav community’, I argue, was a contested process that gained a foothold as violence raged in Yugoslavia. Coping with the consequences not least the massive influx of refugees into Germany, the radio programme became complicit in the making of national diaspora communities.
Integrating victims, externalising guilt? commemorating the Holocaust in Hungary
Authors: Laczó Ferenc
Published: June 2016

Since its rightward political shift, questions concerning how Hungarian society has reflected on the role the country played during the Second World War and how it has confronted its co-responsibility for the Holocaust in particular have been raised with new urgency. After introducing some of the central divisive issues in the interpretation and commemoration of the Holocaust in Hungary, the author analyses current trends based on a case study of the Holocaust’s 70th anniversary. The article assesses the sustained attempts of reinterpreting the recent past of the country in the name of a renewed national canon.
Educational policies in Romania from Ceauşescu’s heritage to European mimicry
Authors: Ruşitoru Mihaela-Viorica
Published: June 2016

After the fall of communism educational policy in Romania was called upon to ‘shake up’ the communist heritage and effectively translate European and international prerogatives into the national context there. The main focus of this article then is the educational reforms occurring since the Ceauşescu era. The author examines key vectors of educational policies by analysing the discourse of officials from the international organisations UNESCO, OECD, ILO, and the Council of Europe and that of policy makers and educational actors from the European Union and Romania. Her threefold approach highlights the persistence of communist heritage and the scope of European mimicry, as she shows that corruption, nepotism, and favouritism are among the most common features of Romanian educational policy. She uncovers too a lack of perspective, with a mimetic reproduction of external standards, and absence of landmarks, no team-work and poor organisation of debate, all in a climate of political instability.
Frailty as a Predictor of Nursing Home Placement Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Kojima Gotaro
Published: June 2016

Background and Purpose:

Frailty has been recognized as a medical syndrome characterized by decreased physiological reserve and vulnerability to poor resolution of homeostasis. Frailty is common in nursing homes and as many as 90% of nursing home patients are frail or prefrail. Previous studies have examined frailty as a risk factor for nursing home placement and yielded inconsistent results. The current study aims to systematically review the literature and to conduct a meta-analysis to combine the risk measures to provide the evidence on frailty as a predictor of nursing home placement among community-dwelling older adults.

Methods:

A systematic literature search was performed in July 2015 using 6 databases (Scopus, Embase, CINAHL Plus, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Library). Any cohort studies examining associations between frailty and risk of subsequent nursing home placement among community-dwelling older adults published from 2000 to July 2015 were potentially eligible. The numbers of those who were admitted to nursing homes and who were not, according to frailty categories, were used to calculate pooled odds ratio (OR) using fixed-effect models. The included studies were assessed for heterogeneity, methodological quality, and publication bias. The systematic literature search and hand-search identified 885 potentially relevant studies, among which 5 studies including 3528 community-dwelling older adults were selected for this review.

Results:

Meta-analyses were performed using data from these studies and showed that both frailty and prefrailty significantly predicted nursing home placement (5 studies: pooled OR = 5.58, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.94-10.60, P < .00001; 3 studies: pooled OR = 3.26, 95% CI = 1.21-8.78, P = .02, respectively). Heterogeneity across the studies was low or moderate and there was no evidence of publication bias.

Discussion:

Frailty generally progresses but can also be potentially modified by appropriate interventions such as physical exercise. Evidence especially has shown that aerobic and resistance exercises improve frailty components. Furthermore, a multifactorial interdisciplinary intervention, including tailored exercise programs, has shown to decrease prevalence of frailty among frail community-dwelling older adults. It is noteworthy that adherence to the exercise programs was high and adverse events were not reported in most of the trials. These findings suggest that physical exercise can potentially prevent or reverse frailty and may lead to decreased risks of nursing home placement in older adults.

Conclusions:

This systematic review and meta-analysis study is the first to report pooled evidence that both frailty and prefrailty are significant predictors of nursing home placement among community-dwelling older adults.
Screening for Cognitive Impairment as a Part of Falls Risk Assessment in Physical Therapist Practice
Authors: Blackwood Jennifer , Martin Alison
Published: June 2016

Background and Purpose:

Older adults with impaired cognition are more than twice as likely to fall as their age-matched cognitively intact peers. Physical therapists play a key role in falls screening and prevention efforts; however, it is unknown how often or in what capacity cognitive screenings are performed within falls risk assessments. The purpose of this study was to describe the cognitive screening practice patterns of physical therapists (PTs) as a part of falls risk assessments.

Subjects:

An electronic survey was sent to a random selection of 500 licensed PTs from 1 state.

Methods:

Factors associated with cognitive screening practices and respondents' demographic information were gathered. Group comparisons between those who screened and did not screen cognition were completed.

Results:

Our response rate was 42.8% (n = 214). Only 32.7% (n = 70) of respondents reported screening cognition as a part of falls risk assessments. When performed, orientation was most commonly screened (80.0%, n = 56) followed by a dementia screen using the Mini-Mental State Examination (64.3%, n = 45). Significant differences between groups on cognitive screening practices were found on the basis of work setting, practice time spent with older adults, and practice time spent examining falls risk.

Discussion:

Screening for mild deficits in cognitive function is limited within physical therapy practice, which likely influences the detection of early cognitive declines associated with functional limitations.

Conclusions:

Considering the number of older adults at risk for falling and the likelihood of undiagnosed cognitive impairment, PTs should screen for cognitive deficits as a part of falls risk assessments.
La propuesta filosóficopolítica de John Rawls en el marco de The Law of Peoples
Authors: Farfán Moreno William
Published: June 2016

Antes de abordar cualquiera de las problemáticas que surgen en la obrade John Rawls –The Law of Peoples–, es imprescindible comprender variosde los constructos que emplea el filósofo norteamericano en su propuestafilosófico-política desde A Theory of Justice hasta Political Liberalism.Los constructos son el procedimiento que asegura una convivencia políticaya sea entre ciudadanos, como lo propone Rawls en A Theory of Justice y locomplementa luego en Political Liberalism, o entre naciones a través de supropuesta en The Law of Peoples. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este documentoes realizar una reconstrucción de tales constructos dentro de la propuestanormativa con la intención de plantear los problemas que surgen al interiordel derecho de gentes “rawlsiano”.
Post-Gettier Epistemology
Authors: Greco John
Published: June 2016

In this paper, it is argued that the differences between Gettier-era epistemology and post-Gettier epistemology can be largely traced to differences in methodology. We will give a “rational reconstruction” of how we did things then, what we do now, and what considerations moved us to do things differently. In summary form, during the Gettier era the methodology of epistemology was roughly what Chisholm called “particularism” and Rawls called “the method of reflective equilibrium.” Various developments forced an abandonment of this Gettier era methodology, in favor of several new constraints on an adequate theory of knowledge. Questions about the nature of epistemic normativity, the relations between knowledge and action, the value of knowledge, and the social dimensions of knowledge, all became important for adjudicating among competing theories of knowledge. This was appropriate in that the older methodology was inadequate. The new methodology accounts for the increased richness and depth that we see in epistemology today.
Large forbidden configurations and design theory
Authors: Anstee R. P. , Sali Attila
Published: June 2016

Let forb(m, F) denote the maximum number of columns possible in a (0, 1)-matrix A that has no repeated columns and has no submatrix which is a row and column permutation of F. We consider cases where the configuration F has a number of columns that grows with m. For a k × l matrix G, define s · G to be the concatenation of s copies of G. In a number of cases we determine forb(m, mα · G) is Θ(mk+α). Results of Keevash on the existence of designs provide constructions that can be used to give asymptotic lower bounds. An induction idea of Anstee and Lu is useful in obtaining upper bounds.
A survey of product posterior distributions
Authors: Nadarajah Saralees
Published: June 2016

In Bayesian statistics, one frequently encounters priors and posteriors that are product of two probability density functions. In this paper, we discuss three such priors/posteriors, provide motivation and derive expressions for their moments, median and mode. Forty seven motivating examples are discussed. We expect that this paper could serve as a useful reference for practitioners of Bayesian statistics. It could also encourage further research in this area.
DESEMPENHO ZOOTÉCNICO DE ALEVINOS DE TILÁPIAS DO NILO (Oreochromis niloticus) ALIMENTADOS COM LEVEDURA DE Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Schwarz Kátia Kalko , Do Nascimento Jéssica Caroline , Gomes Victor Augusto Alves , Da Silva Camila Hetsuko , Salvador Juan Gomes , Fernandes Mariana Ribeiro , Nunes Raiane Marques
Published: June 2016

Foi avaliado os efeitos da adição de Levedura Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Biosaf HR®, 8 bilhões UFC) em ração peletizada (PB = 35%; ED = 3.333.00 Kcal / kg. FB = 3.7; EE = 6.4%) para Tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus), utilizando 540 alevinos revertidos sexualmente por choque térmico oriundo da S3 Piscicultura, Registro/SP-Brasil. Os peixes foram distribuídos em 30 tanques de 60 litros cada, em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Foram avaliados cinco tratamentos e seis repetições com diferentes níveis de levedura T1:0.00%. T2:0.10%. T3:0.20%. T4:0.30% e T5:0.40%. De acordo com os resultados obtidos neste experimento não foram observadas diferenças no desempenho para os 15 dias. Porém pelo teste de Tukey (p<0,05) houve diferenças para a conversão alimentar e ganho em peso aos 30 dias para a dieta com 0.1% de S. cerevisiae. Aos 60 dias houve diferença (p<0,05) para conversão alimentar e comprimento de intestino para o tratamento que recebeu a dosagem de 0.2% de levedura S. cerevisiae. Também a dosagem de 0,2% da levedura foi significativa (P<0,01) para proteína bruta e matéria mineral da carcaça de alevinos de tilápia do Nilo. Conclui-se que 0,2% da levedura adicionada foi eficiente para os alevinos de tilápias.
O DANÇAR DO ARARUNA: COMPONDO UMA ESTÉTICA DO CORPO NA CULTURA POTIGUAR
Authors: Santos Emanuelle Justino dos , Medeiros Rosie Marie Nascimento de
Published: June 2016

O estudo tem a intenção de elaborar uma atmosfera estética do corpo e da cultura para a Educação Física tendo como principais componentes de reflexão as narrativas musicais do grupo Araruna e suas simbologias. Situamos esse grupo de danças tradicionais no mundo vivido fenomenológico de Merleau-Ponty, com o objetivo de compreendê-lo através da interpretação e imputação de sentidos contidos no universo estético das canções denominadas Araruna, Camaleão, Besouro, Mulher Rendeira e Mazurca. Essa musicalidade se configura como emblemático exemplar da tradição, pois mistura significações das culturas europeia e potiguar, fazendo com que o corpo habite, em sua memória, as simbologias da sexualidade, da natureza, do masculino e feminino, do sagrado e profano, do popular e erudito. Perspectivamos mobilizar outras reflexões que considerem a voz dos brincantes, o espaço, o tempo, a gestualidade da dança, o figurino, a maquiagem, entre outros componentes cênicos do Araruna, estando em sintonia com uma visão mais contemporânea da tradição.
CONTAMINAÇÃO MICROBIOLÓGICA NO PERFIL DO SOLO POR ÁGUAS RESIDUÁRIAS.
Authors: Morais Maria alcilene , Neto Miguel Ferreira , Silva Gleydson Freitas , De Lira Raniere Barbosa , De Brito Raimundo Fernandes , Miguel Luiza Ceteste
Published: June 2016

Presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a população de coliformes totais, termotolerantes e a Salmonella presentes no solo irrigado com efluente doméstico tratado. As amostras do solo foram coletadas com trado holandês, nos meses de abril e setembro de 2012 no período chuvoso e seco respectivamente, na área do cultivo do capim-elefante (P. purpureum) irrigada com água residuária de origem domestica. as amostras foi feita em 12 pontos aleatórios, nas linhas do plantio com profundidades de 0 - 0,40 m, em o cada duas coletas simples para formar uma composta. Em seguida foram levadas ao Laboratório de Inspeção de Produtos de Origem Animal (LIPOA) da UFERSA, para analise da salmonella e as amostras para analise de coliformes foram encaminhadas para o Laboratorio de Quimica da UERN, para indicador de contaminação microbiológica. Foi determinada a quantidade de coliformes totais e termotolerantea (Escherichia coli) e salmonella por grama de solo. As amostras de coliformes foram analisadas pela técnica do Número Mais Provável por 100 g-1 (NMP 100 g-1) de coliformes totais e termotolerantes (CTe) foi realizados pela técnica dos tubos múltiplos NMP. Para o isolamento de Salmonella spp, utilizou-se a técnica de concentração por membrana filtrante, de 42 mm de porosidade por 142 mm de diâmetro.
USO DE MECANISMO DINÂMICO E INTERATIVO NO ENSINO DE QUÍMICA: UM RELATO DE SALA DE AULA
Authors: Camelo André Luiz Melo , Mazzetto Selma Elaine , Menezes de Vasconcelos Pedro Hermano
Published: June 2016

Nos dias atuais é comum observar alunos desmotivados e com pouco interesse em aprender o que é ministrado pelo professor. Cabe ao docente buscar estratégias que venham contribuir de maneira significativa o processo de ensino e aprendizagem do aluno. Sabe-se que a brincadeira é uma característica da criança, porém permanece vivo em cada nível de vida de uma pessoa. Seja um brinquedo simples como dominó, até mesmo brincadeira virtual como jogos de vídeo game, comuns para crianças, jovens e adultos. O brincar traz ao ser humano o sentimento de prazer e emoção, desta forma, se torna uma ferramenta útil para alunos e professores quando se associa aos conceitos teóricos da sala de aula. Com esse contexto o presente trabalho aborda o assunto de Ligação Química de uma maneira dinâmica e atraente utilizando o lúdico como ferramenta na sala de aula.
Estudos sobre as táticas e as estratégias reprodutivas de sete espécies de peixes de água doce do Rio Grande de Norte, Brasil
Authors: Barros Nirlei Hirachy Costa , De Lima Louise Thuane Barreto , De Araújo Andréa Soares , Gurgel Liliane de Lima , Chellappa Naithirithi Tiruvenkatachary , Chellappa Sathyabama
Published: June 2016

O presente trabalho verificou as táticas e estratégias reprodutivas de sete espécies de peixes de água doce do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. Para peixes de água doce, três padrões de estratégias reprodutivas foram propostas: (1) estrategistas de equilibrio (K), que são peixes de tamanho corporal grande, primeira maturação tardia, desovas repetidas, com longo período de vida e cuidado parental; (2) estrategistas sazonais, são peixes de tamanho corporal intermediário a grande, fecundidade intermediária a alta e sem cuidado parental; (3) estrategistas oportunistas (r), são peixes de pequeno tamanho corporal com primeira maturação precoce, período de vida curto, desovas repetidos e com pouco ou nenhum cuidado parental. Os aspectos reprodutivos das espécies: cará, Cichlasoma orientale (Kullander, 1983), niquim, Pimelodella gracilis (Valenciennes, 1835), curimatã, Prochilodus brevis (Steindachner, 1875), jacundá, Crenicichla menezesi (Ploeg, 1991), mussum, Synbranchus marmoratus (Bloch , 1795), sardinha de água doce, Triportheus angulatus (Spix & Agassiz, 1829) e cascudo, Hypostomus pusarum (Starks, 1913) foram verificados considerando-se o tamanho do corpo, proporção sexual, tipo de crescimento, comprimento de primeira maturação sexual, aspectos do desenvolvimento das gônadas, fator de condicão, fecundidade e tipo de desova. Os resultados indicam que as espécies C. orientale e S. marmoratus podem ser considerados como estrategistas de equilibrio K, enquanto C. menezesi, P. brevis e H. pusarum podem ser considerados como estrategistas sazonais. A espécies P. gracilis e T. angulatus podem ser considerados como estrategista r. O presente estudo fornece informações sobre os aspectos reprodutivos dos peixes neotropicais de água doce do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil.
CAPACIDADE DE INOVAÇÃO NAS EMPRESAS INCUBADAS
Authors: Nobre Elizomar de Assis , Costa Raquel Priscyla da Silva , El-Aouar Walid Abbas , Barreto Laís Karla da Silva , Souza Lieda Amaral de
Published: June 2016

O estudo apresentado neste artigo tem como objetivo compreender a capacidade de inovação das empresas incubadas na perspectiva da Incubadora Tecnológica Natal Central (ITNC). Para atingir esse objetivo foram realizadas entrevistas com a equipe da ITNC, para avaliar a capacidade de inovação das empresas incubadas. A partir dos resultados dessas empresas, pode-se identificar, do ponto de vista da ITNC, a presença dos fatores que constituem a capacidade de inovação, sendo a intenção estratégica de inovar e a gestão de projetos percebidos de maneira mais sutil e a organicidade da estrutura organizacional e a gestão estratégica da tecnologia notada com predominantes no dia a dia dessas empresas.
QUALIDADE DE ÁGUA DE DESSEDENTAÇÃO DE BOVINOS DA FAZENDA-ESCOLA DO IFRN-IPANGUAÇU
Authors: Nóbrega Neto Sinval Bezerra da , De Araújo Ítala Iara Medeiros , Távora Marcelo Aguiar
Published: June 2016

Na produção animal, é de fundamental importância o uso racional da água de boa qualidade. A água deve ser considerada como um nutriente essencial e quando a qualidade utilizada na dessedentação animal for duvidosa, esta pode interferir nos índices zootécnicos e na disseminação de enfermidades, acarretando graves prejuízos econômicos, além de carrear agentes patogênicos de doenças de interesse em saúde pública. Objetivou-se com esta pesquisa diagnosticar a qualidade da água que é ofertada para dessedentação dos bovinos de leite da Fazenda-escola do IFRN, campus Ipanguaçu. As coletas e análises foram realizadas quinzenalmente nos bebedouros dos bovinos (no total, seis bebedouros) durante os meses de Junho à Setembro de 2015. Os parâmetros analisados foram: temperatura, pH, condutividade, oxigênio dissolvido e sólidos totais dissolvidos; utilizando uma sonda multiparamétrica de qualidade de água. Os dados obtidos revelaram que os parâmetros, exceto sólidos totais dissolvidos, encontraram-se nos limites aceitáveis pela resolução CONAMA 357/2005, com pontuais bebedouros apresentando resultados não aceitáveis. Contudo, é preciso ainda um manejo adequado da água (com renovação constante) e bebedouros que estejam dispostos não apenas em locais de fácil acesso aos animais mas, que também possam estar em locais cobertos ou arejados por copa de árvores.