bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evolution of Power‐Law Particle‐Size Distributions in Dense Grain‐Flow Experiments
Authors: Li Yan , Hu Wei , Xu Qiang , Huang Runqiu , Chang ChingShung , McSaveney Mauri
Published: October 2024

Understanding particle fragmentation and its resulting particle‐size distribution is essential for comprehending shear zone formation, structure, and frictional behavior in faults and landslides, particularly at high normal stresses. 3‐D fractal dimension (D3) is used as a measure of particle‐size distribution, and for the potential self‐similarity physics. Previous research suggests D3 – 2.58 based on the “constrained comminution” model, or D3 = 3.00 considering large shear displacement. However, field data from rock avalanches reveal scattered D3 that deviate from these predictions, possibly due to the neglection of the underlying fragmented physics, such as the particle‐size‐dependent fragmentation probability. Herein, we conducted rotary shear experiments to investigate the evolution of D3 under varying normal stresses, velocities, and mineral compositions. Experimental results demonstrate that D3 monotonically increases with shear displacement and converges to an ultimate value, significantly influenced by mineral composition but less affected by shear velocity and confining stress within the experimental conditions. A modified large‐strain model that considered size‐dependent grain‐breakage probability was proposed, which may explain the observed divergence of D3 from previous predictions. This model highlights the complex mechanisms involved in particle breakage within dense grain‐flows, resulting in the high but scattered D3 observed in natural shear zones. Furthermore, we recognize that additional mechanisms, such as abrasion and grinding, can contribute to the particle size reduction and influence the ultimate fractal dimension. This study provides valuable insights into the dynamics of particle fragmentation in shear zones and has implications for understanding various geological processes.
A Wind Tunnel Experiment Study on Splash Functions During Sand Saltation
Authors: Jiang C. W. , Zhang Z. C. , Wang X. Y. , Dong Z. B. , Xiao F. Jun
Published: October 2024

Splash functions delineate the intricate interaction between wind‐driven particles and the bed. However, due to limitations in measurement methods, achieving a comprehensive understanding of splash functions remains challenging. In this study, we utilized a high‐speed system and particle trajectory tracking algorithm to reconstruct 857 collision events involving natural sand particles obtained from field samples and artificial glass microspheres interacting with a bed composed of analogous particles in a wind tunnel. During the experiments, the ratio of the wind shear velocity (u*) to the impact threshold (u*ti) consistently ranged between approximately 1.22 and 1.79. Our findings indicate that the impact angle remains independent of both impact velocity and particle size, maintaining an approximate value of 10.5 ± 6.5°. The evaluation of splash functions depends on the criterion used to define ejection, that is, the ratio of the centroid's height of the liftoff particles to their particle size (H/d). Additionally, at the same critical height (H/d = 1.5), our splash functions show differences of varying degrees from previous experiments and theoretical studies performed under no wind conditions. We believe that the main reason for these differences may be that the energy exchange between the bed surface and the airflow increases the looseness of the large‐particle (>0.1 mm) bed surface. These findings hold significant implications for accurately modeling sand‐bed collisions in natural environments.
Repeated Structural Reworking in the Basement of the Central Colombian Andes Unraveled by a Multi‐Chronometric Approach
Authors: Zapata S. , Cardona A. , Jaramillo‐Ríos J. S. , Siachoque A. , Peverelli V. , Chew D. , Wemmer K. , Rodríguez M. C. , Valencia‐Gomez J. C. , Sobel E. R. , Calderon‐Diaz L. C. , Valencia V. A. , Patiño A. M. , Parra M. , Botello G. E. , Glodny J.
Published: October 2024

Long‐lived orogens are often characterized by basement blocks affected by polyphase thick‐skinned deformation. Deciphering these events is challenging due to the heterogeneous and complex structural histories resulting from the superposition of multiple deformation phases. For instance, the Central Cordillera of Colombia was shaped by multiple tectonic phases during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic, which have been poorly constrained in both space and time. To unravel the deformation history of this mountain belt, we conducted field mapping and applied a multi‐chronometric approach that included zircon and apatite U‐Pb dating of the igneous basement, epidote and titanite U‐Pb dating of structurally controlled mineralization events, K‐Ar dating of fault rock illite, and fission track and (U‐Th‐Sm)/He bedrock thermochronology of apatite and zircon. The results reveal six deformation events along two fault systems during the past 184 Myr. This deformation history started in the Jurassic with structurally controlled magmatism and ductile deformation; followed by brittle‐ductile and fluid‐assisted basin subsidence and inversion during the Cretaceous. Finally, the Cenozoic was characterized by brittle strike‐slip and compressional deformation. Our findings show the basement response to polyphase reworking, highlighting the prominent role of ancient upper‐plate discontinuities, magmatism, and fluids.
Sex-specific and developmental effects of early life adversity on stress reactivity are rescued by postnatal knockdown of 5-HT1A autoreceptors
Authors: Dixon Rushell , Malave Lauren , Thompson Rory , Wu Serena , Li Yifei , Sadik Noah , Anacker Christoph
Published: October 2024

Early Life Adversity (ELA) predisposes to stress hypersensitivity in adulthood, but neurobiological mechanisms that protect from the enduring effects of ELA are poorly understood. Serotonin 1A (5HT1A) autoreceptors in the raphé nuclei regulate adult stress vulnerability, but whether 5HT1A could be targeted to prevent ELA effects on susceptibility to future stressors is unknown. Here, we exposed mice with postnatal knockdown of 5HT1A autoreceptors to the limited bedding and nesting model of ELA from postnatal day (P)3-10 and tested behavioral, neuroendocrine, neurogenic, and neuroinflammatory responses to an acute swim stress in male and female mice in adolescence (P35) and in adulthood (P56). In females, ELA decreased raphé 5HT neuron activity in adulthood and increased passive coping with the acute swim stress, corticosterone levels, neuronal activity, and corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) levels in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus. ELA also reduced neurogenesis in the ventral dentate gyrus (vDG) of the hippocampus, an important mediator of individual differences in stress susceptibility, and increased microglia activation in the PVN and vDG. These effects of ELA were specific to females and manifested predominantly in adulthood, but not earlier on in adolescence. Postnatal knockdown of 5HT1A autoreceptors prevented these effects of ELA on 5HT neuron activity, stress reactivity, neurogenesis, and neuroinflammation in adult female mice. Our findings demonstrate that ELA induces long-lasting and sex-specific impairments in the serotonin system, stress reactivity, and vDG function, and identify 5HT1A autoreceptors as potential targets to prevent these enduring effects of ELA.
Endocannabinoid concentrations in major depression: effects of childhood maltreatment and relation to hippocampal volume
Authors: Mazurka Raegan , Harkness Kate L. , Hassel Stefanie , Stensson Niclas , Nogovitsyn Nikita , Poppenk Jordan , Foster Jane A. , Squires Scott D. , Rowe Jessie , Milev Roumen V. , Wynne-Edwards Katherine E. , Turecki Gustavo , Strother Stephen C. , Arnott Stephen R. , Lam Raymond W. , Rotzinger Susan , Kennedy Sidney H. , Frey Benicio N. , Mayo Leah M.
Published: October 2024

Evidence from preclinical animal models suggests that the stress-buffering function of the endocannabinoid (eCB) system may help protect against stress-related reductions in hippocampal volume, as is documented in major depressive disorder (MDD). However, stress exposure may also lead to dysregulation of this system. Thus, pathways from marked stress histories, such as childhood maltreatment (CM), to smaller hippocampal volumes and MDD in humans may depend on dysregulated versus intact eCB functioning. We examined whether the relation between MDD and peripheral eCB concentrations would vary as a function of CM history. Further, we examined whether eCBs moderate the relation of CM/MDD and hippocampal volume. Ninety-one adults with MDD and 62 healthy comparison participants (HCs) were recruited for a study from the Canadian Biomarker Integration Network in Depression program (CAN-BIND-04). The eCBs, anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonylglycerol (2-AG), were assessed from blood plasma. Severe CM history was assessed retrospectively via contextual interview. MDD was associated with eCBs, though not all associations were moderated by CM or in the direction expected. Specifically, MDD was associated with higher AEA compared to HCs regardless of CM history, a difference that could be attributed to psychotropic medications. MDD was also associated with higher 2-AG, but only for participants with CM. Consistent with hypotheses, we found lower left hippocampal volume in participants with versus without CM, but only for those with lower AEA, and not moderate or high AEA. Our study presents the first evidence in humans implicating eCBs in stress-related mechanisms involving reduced hippocampal volume in MDD.
Principles of paralog-specific targeted protein degradation engaging the C-degron E3 KLHDC2
Authors: Scott Daniel C. , Dharuman Suresh , Griffith Elizabeth , Chai Sergio C. , Ronnebaum Jarrid , King Moeko T. , Tangallapally Rajendra , Lee Chan , Gee Clifford T. , Yang Lei , Li Yong , Loudon Victoria C. , Lee Ha Won , Ochoada Jason , Miller Darcie J. , Jayasinghe Thilina , Paulo Joao A. , Elledge Stephen J. , Harper J. Wade , Chen Taosheng , Lee Richard E. , Schulman Brenda A.
Published: October 2024

PROTAC® (proteolysis-targeting chimera) molecules induce proximity between an E3 ligase and protein-of-interest (POI) to target the POI for ubiquitin-mediated degradation. Cooperative E3-PROTAC-POI complexes have potential to achieve neo-substrate selectivity beyond that established by POI binding to the ligand alone. Here, we extend the collection of ubiquitin ligases employable for cooperative ternary complex formation to include the C-degron E3 KLHDC2. Ligands were identified that engage the C-degron binding site in KLHDC2, subjected to structure-based improvement, and linked to JQ1 for BET-family neo-substrate recruitment. Consideration of the exit vector emanating from the ligand engaged in KLHDC2’s U-shaped degron-binding pocket enabled generation of SJ46421, which drives formation of a remarkably cooperative, paralog-selective ternary complex with BRD3BD2. Meanwhile, screening pro-drug variants enabled surmounting cell permeability limitations imposed by acidic moieties resembling the KLHDC2-binding C-degron. Selectivity for BRD3 compared to other BET-family members is further manifested in ubiquitylation in vitro, and prodrug version SJ46420-mediated degradation in cells. Selectivity is also achieved for the ubiquitin ligase, overcoming E3 auto-inhibition to engage KLHDC2, but not the related KLHDC1, KLHDC3, or KLHDC10 E3s. In sum, our study establishes neo-substrate-specific targeted protein degradation via KLHDC2, and provides a framework for developing selective PROTAC protein degraders employing C-degron E3 ligases.
Zika viruses encode 5′ upstream open reading frames affecting infection of human brain cells
Authors: Lefèvre Charlotte , Cook Georgia M. , Dinan Adam M. , Torii Shiho , Stewart Hazel , Gibbons George , Nicholson Alex S. , Echavarría-Consuegra Liliana , Meredith Luke W. , Lulla Valeria , McGovern Naomi , Kenyon Julia C. , Goodfellow Ian , Deane Janet E. , Graham Stephen C. , Lakatos András , Lambrechts Louis , Brierley Ian , Irigoyen Nerea
Published: October 2024

Zika virus (ZIKV), an emerging mosquito-borne flavivirus, is associated with congenital neurological complications. Here, we investigate potential pathological correlates of virus gene expression in representative ZIKV strains through RNA sequencing and ribosome profiling. In addition to the single long polyprotein found in all flaviviruses, we identify the translation of unrecognised upstream open reading frames (uORFs) in the genomic 5′ region. In Asian/American strains, ribosomes translate uORF1 and uORF2, whereas in African strains, the two uORFs are fused into one (African uORF). We use reverse genetics to examine the impact on ZIKV fitness of different uORFs mutant viruses. We find that expression of the African uORF and the Asian/American uORF1 modulates virus growth and tropism in human cortical neurons and cerebral organoids, suggesting a potential role in neurotropism. Although the uORFs are expressed in mosquito cells, we do not see a measurable effect on transmission by the mosquito vector in vivo. The discovery of ZIKV uORFs sheds new light on the infection of the human brain cells by this virus and raises the question of their existence in other neurotropic flaviviruses.
Bilateral interactions of optic-flow sensitive neurons coordinate course control in flies
Authors: Pokusaeva Victoria O. , Satapathy Roshan , Symonova Olga , Joesch Maximilian
Published: October 2024

Animals rely on compensatory actions to maintain stability and navigate their environment efficiently. These actions depend on global visual motion cues known as optic-flow. While the optomotor response has been the traditional focus for studying optic-flow compensation in insects, its simplicity has been insufficient to determine the role of the intricate optic-flow processing network involved in visual course control. Here, we reveal a series of course control behaviours in Drosophila and link them to specific neural circuits. We show that bilateral electrical coupling of optic-flow-sensitive neurons in the fly’s lobula plate are required for a proper course control. This electrical interaction works alongside chemical synapses within the HS-H2 network to control the dynamics and direction of turning behaviours. Our findings reveal how insects use bilateral motion cues for navigation, assigning a new functional significance to the HS-H2 network and suggesting a previously unknown role for gap junctions in non-linear operations.
In situ optical measurement of particles in sediment plumes generated by a pre-prototype polymetallic nodule collector
Authors: Mousadik Souha El , Ouillon Raphael , Muñoz-Royo Carlos , Slade Wayne , Pottsmith Chuck , Leeuw Thomas , Alford Matthew H. , Mikkelsen Ole A. , Peacock Thomas
Published: October 2024

This study presents in situ, high-resolution optical measurements of particle size distributions (PSD) within sediment plumes generated by a pre-prototype deep seabed nodule collector vehicle operating in the abyssal Pacific Ocean. These measurements were obtained using a cutting-edge instrument, the LISST-RTSSV sensor. The data collected in situ reveal marked differences compared to previously reported laboratory-based, ex situ measurements. The grain size and other key particle shape characteristics are found to be dependent on multiple factors, including the collector vehicle maneuvers, the time elapsed following sediment discharge, and the complex hydrodynamic processes that generate the sediment in suspension. Significantly, the PSD from a highly complex succession of straight-line maneuvers converges to that of the canonical case of a simple straight-line driving maneuver within a timescale of ten minutes. Our results underscore the importance of parameterizing sediment plume transport models based on well-informed, comprehensive PSDs of detrained suspended sediment measured in situ at adequate timescales and in regions no longer strongly influenced by active and complex hydrodynamic processes.
Perioperative gum-chewing training prevents a decrease in tongue pressure after esophagectomy in thoracic esophageal cancer patients: a nonrandomized trial
Authors: Yamanaka-Kohno Reiko , Shirakawa Yasuhiro , Yokoi Aya , Maeda Naoaki , Tanabe Shunsuke , Noma Kazuhiro , Shimizu Kazuyoshi , Mituhashi Toshiharu , Nakamura Yoshihide , Nanba Souto , Uchida Yurika , Maruyama Takayuki , Morita Manabu , Ekuni Daisuke
Published: October 2024

Tongue pressure (TP) decreases significantly after esophagectomy in esophageal cancer patients (ECPs). Meanwhile, 2 weeks of gum-chewing training (GCT) significantly increased TP in healthy university students. We examined whether perioperative GCT would decrease the proportion of patients exhibiting a decline in TP at 2 weeks postoperatively, and prevent postoperative complications, in thoracic ECPs (TECPs). This was a single-center interventional study, and nonrandomized study with a historical control group (HCG). TECPs who underwent first-stage radical esophagectomy were recruited. Thirty-two patients of 40 in the gum-chewing group (GCG) were completed perioperative GCT in 3 times daily. Propensity score matching was performed with covariates related to TP including preoperative age, sex, body mass index, and the repetitive saliva swallowing test result, and yielded a matched cohort of 25 case pairs. Eleven GCG patients [44.0%] exhibited significantly lower TP at 2 weeks postoperatively than before esophagectomy was significantly fewer than that of 19 patients [76.0%] in the HCG. The median number of fever days (≥ 38.0 °C) in the 2 weeks after esophagectomy in the GCG was significantly fewer than those in the HCG. Perioperative GCT may prevent postoperative TP decline and postoperative dysphagia-related complications after esophagectomy.
Primary atomization of shear-thinning liquid jets: a direct numerical simulation study
Authors: Abdelsayed Marianne , Trautner Elias , Berchtenbreiter Jakob , Klein Markus
Published: October 2024

Using direct numerical simulation, the primary atomization of shear-thinning liquid jets into stagnant gas is investigated. Starting from a Newtonian configuration with material properties approximately corresponding to a Diesel injection, two hypothetical shear-thinning cases using the power-law and the Carreau-Yasuda models for the calculation of the apparent viscosity are investigated. A recently developed tracking algorithm is used to identify droplets newly formed from the core jet, as well as all other droplets in the computational domain, and a number of relevant droplet characteristics, such as droplet volume, surface area and center of mass, is recorded at each time step. This allows a comparison of droplet characteristics on the basis of probability density functions. It is observed that the shear-thinning behavior of the liquid phase, which is particularly relevant at the interface, influences the droplet volumes and shapes. While the mean viscosity differs significantly for the different cases, the first- and second-order velocity and volume fraction statistics remain nearly unchanged.
A scoping review on advancements in noninvasive wearable technology for heart failure management
Authors: Scholte Niels T. B. , van Ravensberg Annemiek. E. , Shakoor Abdul , Boersma Eric , Ronner Eelko , de Boer Rudolf A. , Brugts Jasper J. , Bruining Nico , van der Boon Robert M. A.
Published: October 2024

Wearables offer a promising solution for enhancing remote monitoring (RM) of heart failure (HF) patients by tracking key physiological parameters. Despite their potential, their clinical integration faces challenges due to the lack of rigorous evaluations. This review aims to summarize the current evidence and assess the readiness of wearables for clinical practice using the Medical Device Readiness Level (MDRL). A systematic search identified 99 studies from 3112 found articles, with only eight being randomized controlled trials. Accelerometery was the most used measurement technique. Consumer-grade wearables, repurposed for HF monitoring, dominated the studies with most of them in the feasibility testing stage (MDRL 6). Only two of the described wearables were specifically designed for HF RM, and received FDA approval. Consequently, the actual impact of wearables on HF management remains uncertain due to limited robust evidence, posing a significant barrier to their integration into HF care.
Multi-material 3D printing of functionally graded soft-hard interfaces for enhancing mandibular kinematics of temporomandibular joint replacement prostheses
Authors: Moosabeiki Vahid , Khan Afaq , Cruz Saldivar Mauricio , Van Paepegem Wim , Jonker Brend P. , Wolvius Eppo B. , Zhou Jie , Tumer Nazli , Mirzaali Mohammad J. , Zadpoor Amir A.
Published: October 2024

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) replacement prostheses often face limitations in accommodating translational movements, leading to unnatural kinematics and loading conditions, which affect functionality and longevity. Here, we investigate the potential of functionally graded materials (FGMs) in TMJ prostheses to enhance mandibular kinematics and reduce joint reaction forces. We develop a functionally graded artificial cartilage for the TMJ implant and evaluate five FGM designs: hard, hard-soft, and three FGM gradients with gradual transitions from 90% hard material to 0%, 10%, and 20%. These designs are 3D printed, mechanically tested under quasi-static compression, and simulated under physiological conditions. Results from computational modeling and experiments are compared to an intact mandible during incisal clenching and left group biting. The FGM design with a transition from 90% to 0% hard material improves kinematics by 19%  and decreases perfomance by 3%, reduces joint reaction forces by 8% and 10%, and increases mandibular movement by 20% and 88% during incisal clenching and left group biting, respectively. These findings provide valuable insights for next-generation TMJ implants.
A unique one-pot strategy for PdH0.706 nanoparticles with enhanced stability and activity towards the ethanol oxidation reaction
Authors: Jiang Xian , Ren Yi , Wang Caikang , Wang Yufei , Wang Dayu , Kang Fangya , Wang Wenchao , Cao Yingnan , Li Zhijuan , Tang Yawen
Published: October 2024

Ultrathin PdH0.706 nanoparticles were synthesized using a novel and universal solvothermal method, demonstrating superior EOR activity and enhanced stability compared to both H-free Pd nanoparticles and commercial Pd black catalysts.
Lamellar conducting channels constructed by lyotropic liquid crystals as quasi-solid-state electrolytes toward dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Liang Ting , Zhou Jiwen , Ren Junjie , Tan Shuai
Published: October 2024

A lyotropic liquid crystal electrolyte (Brij58-LLCn) was developed for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Brij58-LLC50 achieved stable and efficient DSSC performance by forming layered channels that boost charge transfer.
Tuning the Co pre-oxidation process of Co3O4via geometrically reconstructed F–Co–O active sites for boosting acidic water oxidation
Authors: Wang Yi , Guo Pu , Zhou Jing , Bai Bing , Li Yifan , Li Mingrun , Das Pratteek , Wu Xianhong , Zhang Linjuan , Cui Yi , Xiao Jianping , Wu Zhong-Shuai
Published: October 2024

Optimizing the Co pre-oxidation process of Co3O4 through geometric reconstruction of F−Co−O active sites significantly enhances the performance for acidic water oxidation.
The role of lipid oxidation pathway in reactive oxygen species-mediated cargo release from liposomes
Authors: Lem Olga , Kekki Roosa , Koivuniemi Artturi , Efimov Alexander , Laaksonen Timo , Durandin Nikita
Published: October 2024

Photooxidation of unsaturated lipids triggers cargo release from liposomes. Formation of hydroperoxides is sufficient for releasing small hydrophilic molecules, while aldehyde presence is mandatory for the release of larger macromolecules (>10 KDa).
Tuneable and efficient manufacturing of Li-ion battery separators using photopolymerization-induced phase separation
Authors: Emilsson Samuel , Lindbergh Göran , Johansson Mats
Published: October 2024

In an effort to increase the thermomechanical stability of lithium-ion battery separators, thermoset membranes (TMs) are a viable alternative to commercial polyolefin separators.
Electrochemical synthesis of wormcast-like Pd-based polycrystalline high entropy aggregates for methanol water co-electrocatalysis
Authors: Liu Yaxing , Ding Wenhao , Liu Jiaxin , Zhao Guizhe , Li Weiyin , Liu Yaqing
Published: October 2024

A wormcast-like nanostructure of PdFeCoNiCu-pHENs with enriched grain boundary defects was synthesized via electrodeposition. This work opens new possibilities for designing advanced nanomaterials aimed at efficient electrochemical energy conversion.
Tetramethylpyrazine-derived polyurethane for improved hemocompatibility and rapid endothelialization
Authors: Qu Baoliu , Hu Zhenzhen , Tan Weilong , Li Bingyan , Xin Yue , Mo Jinpeng , Huang Meilin , Wu Qinghua , Li Yangling , Wu Yingzhu
Published: October 2024

Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP)-derived polyurethane with improving hemocompatibility and accelerating endothelialization functions shows great potential in promoting long-term patency of small-diameter vascular graft.
Recent progress in the fabrication strategies and toughening mechanism of flexible ceramics and their applications
Authors: Li Jing , Wang Xi , Guo Shu , Zhang Dawei , Qi Jiawei , Wang Yixiao
Published: October 2024

This review article offers a comprehensive overview of toughening methods and mechanisms for flexible ceramic materials, highlighting potential applications and future opportunities.
Synthetic Aperture Interferometric Passive Radiometer Imaging to Locate Electromagnetic Leakage From Spacecraft Surface
Authors: Zhang Yuting , Zhang Jie , Huang Yuhan , Dong Nan
Published: October 2024

The localization of electromagnetic radiation leakage through cabin gaps is a critical and challenging aspect of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) design for spacecraft with complex electromagnetic environments. This paper proposes a localization method based on synthetic aperture interferometric passive radiometry imaging. Electromagnetic radiation signals are measured at a certain distance from the spacecraft surface to form visibility samples. A Fourier transform pair between the visibility sample and the corrected brightness temperature for electromagnetic radiation leakage is established. The spacecraft surface electromagnetic leakage location image is obtained through the inverse Fourier transform. A sparse sampling method based on ant colony optimization was proposed to improve testing efficiency. The impacts of various factors, including positional parameters, positioning accuracy of the test antenna, scanning parameters, and measurement receiver amplitude/phase errors on the imaging results are analyzed. Experiments were conducted on a 1 m × 1 m × 1 m cabin with 51 holes on one surface, and the algorithm proposed in this paper was validated to effectively image and locate electromagnetic leakage points at different frequencies. The effectiveness of sparse sampling was also verified, with a localization accuracy of 90.2% and a testing time savings of 81.9%.
Torque dynamic performance enhancement of five‐phase permanent magnet synchronous motor with open‐circuit fault
Authors: Liu Zhengmeng , Zhou Huawei , Zhou Zhenwu , Liu Guohai
Published: October 2024

Multiphase permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) have attracted much more attention for their high efficiency, low torque ripple and good fault tolerance. However, open‐circuit fault results in asymmetrical motor behaviour, and deteriorates torque performance, especially dynamic response. This paper proposes a novel fault‐tolerant direct torque and flux control (DTFC) strategy to restrain fluctuating torque and enhance torque dynamic performance of a five‐phase PMSM with open‐circuit fault. The novelty of the proposed strategy is the development of DTFC based on stator flux orientation under the open‐circuit fault condition and the third harmonic current suppression with carrier‐based pulse width modulation technology. Consequently, the decoupling control of torque and stator flux can be achieved under the open‐circuit fault condition, and the third harmonic current can be restrained without additional control. Combined with deadbeat control, the heavy computation burden can be reduced. Thus, the proposed strategy not only can enhance torque dynamic performance under open‐circuit fault operation, but also keep smooth torque with circular stator flux trajectory before and after open‐circuit fault. The effectiveness of the proposed strategy is verified by the simulation and experimental results.
Enhancing real‐time traffic volume prediction: A two‐step approach of object detection and time series modelling
Authors: Lim Junwoo , Lee Juyeob , An Chaehee , Park Eunil
Published: October 2024

A two‐step framework that integrates real‐time data collection with time series forecasting models for predicting traffic volume is proposed. In the first step, the framework utilizes live highway surveillance video data and YOLO‐v7 object detector to construct accurate traffic volume data. In the second step, an ARIMA–LSTM time series model is applied to forecast future traffic volumes. Experimental results show that YOLO‐v7 achieved a vehicle detection accuracy of over 93.30%, ensuring high precision in traffic volume data construction. The ARIMA–LSTM model demonstrated superior performance in traffic volume prediction, with a mean squared error of 87.97, root mean squared error of 10,388.57, and mean absolute error of 101.39. YOLO‐v7's detection speed of 7.8 ms per frame further validates the feasibility of real‐time data construction. The findings indicate that the combination of YOLO‐v7 for vehicle detection and ARIMA–LSTM for traffic prediction is highly effective, offering a significant reduction in training time compared to more complex deep learning models while maintaining high prediction accuracy. This research presents a unified solution for traffic data collection and prediction, enhancing transportation infrastructure planning and optimizing traffic flow. Future work will focus on extending the prediction intervals and further refining the models to improve performance.
A reconfigurable transmitarray unit cell employing liquid metal
Authors: Qu Zhishu , Zhou Yihua , Kelly James R. , Wang Zhengpeng , Lee Ford Kenneth , Gao Yue
Published: October 2024

In this paper, a reconfigurable transmitarray unit cell using liquid metal is presented. It consists of three conducting layers where the geometries of the resonators, on the different layers, differ and consist of an arrow shape together with rotated split rings. The arrow‐shaped conducting layer has the capability to convert the polarization of the incoming waves by 90°. The split ring resonators, on the upper and lower conducting layers, have the same dimensions but different orientations (horizontal and vertical polarization). Several fluidic channels are placed beneath/above the conducting layers. The transmission behaviour of the unit cell can be changed by altering the geometrical parameters which is achieved by injecting the liquid metal into the channels. More than 300° phase shift range with a maximum S21 of ∼ −1.5 dB at 3.3 GHz is obtained. It exhibits 3 dB of insertion loss over a bandwidth ranging from 3.2 to 3.43 GHz. It is the first time that a transmitarray unit cell, reconfigured employing liquid metal, provides a combination of low insertion loss and large phase shift range. The proposed prototype was fabricated and measured within an open‐ended waveguide and the measured results agree well with the simulations and verify the effectiveness of the design. The reconfigurable transmitarray unit cell can be used to design beam‐scanning arrays, as well as for applications in wireless communications.
Optimal power dispatch method for wind farms considering service quality and available power
Authors: Cheng Xueting , Wei Juan , Peng Hanzhi , Wang Jinhao , Hu Fan , Bo Liming
Published: October 2024

This paper proposes an active and reactive power dispatch method for a wind farms (WF) considering the real‐time service quality and the available power to achieve the fair power allocation within the WF. The goal is to ensure operational safety while meeting the power demand instructions from the dispatch centre. This paper generates WF service quality metrics based on real‐time monitoring data of key components to characterize the operational stability of the wind turbines (WTs). Specifically, service quality metrics related to active/reactive power are constructed separately to improve the accuracy of service quality assessment and power dispatch. The available power is then integrated into the service quality metrics to derive active/reactive power allocation factors, considering operational safety and power margin. Active power allocation is constrained by the power demand instructions, while reactive power allocation aims to maintain the WT terminal voltage within a feasible range. The proposed method can ensure the fair power allocation within WFs to meet the requirements of equipment reliability, voltage safety, and power supply simultaneously, which can improve resource utilization and avoid the potential failure. Case studies in MATLAB/Simulink confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Betulinic Acid Acts in Synergism with Imatinib Mesylate, Triggering Apoptosis in MDR Leukemia Cells
Authors: Stutz Claudia , Fontão Ana Paula Gregório Alves , Silva Gustavo Werneck de Souza e , Seito Leonardo Noboru , Perdomo Renata Trentin , Sampaio André Luiz Franco
Published: October 2024

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative disease, characterized by the presence of the oncogene BCR-ABL. Imatinib mesylate (IMA) is the first-line treatment for CML, and some treatment resistance has been reported. Natural products are rich sources of bioactive compounds with biological effects, opening a possibility to alter cell susceptibility to drugs such as imatinib. Herein, we evaluated the interference of betulinic acid and ursolic acid in glycoprotein P (P-gp) activity and the possible synergistic effect when associated with IMA by the Chou-Talalay method. Ursolic acid presented an IC50 of 14.0 µM and 19.6 µM for K562 and Lucena 1, respectively, whilst betulinic acid presented an IC50 of 8.6 µM and 12.5 µM for these cell lines. Evaluation of the combination of terpenoids and imatinib mesylate revealed that ursolic acid or betulinic acid acts in synergism with IMA, as indicated by the combination indexes (CI<1). Analysis of
annexin V labeling demonstrated that a combination of IMA with betulinic acid enhances the inhibition on cell proliferation via the apoptosis pathway, with caspases 3/7 activation after 24 hours of treatment and inhibition of the STAT5/survivin pathway, decreasing cell viability. The combination of natural products and IMA on a multidrug-resistant leukemia cell line is a promising strategy for CML treatment.
Why Target Communities Remain Subjects Rather than Partners of Development Agencies in Integrated Conservation and Development Projects in Latin America
Authors: Busck-Lumholt Louise Marie , Corbera Esteve , Mertz Ole
Published: October 2024

Despite repeated calls for locally anchored Integrated Conservation and Development Projects (ICDPs), the decision-making authority of targeted Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities (IPLCs) remains limited. This paper is grounded on an Institutional Logics perspective to examine the role of major development agencies—the World Bank (WB), the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), and the German Development Bank (KfW)—in perpetuating this challenge. Interviews with project managers in the Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) region reveal complex internal hierarchies, risk-focus, high performance pressure, a “better than nothing” rationale, and a hands-off approach to community participation. We argue that these tendencies are rooted in organisational structure and individual mentalities that constitute a project management logic, which in turn raises concerns about the ability and willingness of development agencies to foster local project ownership of ICDPs. The paper calls for the international donor community to reflect on and transform such management logic, and to allocate more substantial decision-making power and resources to local representatives.
Two Distinct Charge Orders in Infinite-Layer PrNiO2+δ Revealed by Resonant X-Ray Diffraction
Authors: Ren 任 Xiaolin 晓琳 , Sutarto Ronny , Gao 高 Qiang 强 , Wang 王 Qisi 奇思 , Li 李 Jiarui 佳睿 , Wang 王 Yao 耀 , Xiang 向 Tao 涛 , Hu 胡 Jiangping 江平 , Chang J. , Comin Riccardo , Zhou 周 X. J. 兴江 , Zhu 朱 Zhihai 志海
Published: October 2024

Research of infinite-layer nickelates has unveiled a broken translation symmetry, which has sparked significant interest in its root, its relationship to superconductivity, and its comparison to charge order in cuprates. In this study, resonant x-ray scattering measurements were performed on thin films of infinite-layer PrNiO2+δ
. The results show significant differences in the superlattice reflection at the Ni L
3 absorption edge compared to that at the Pr M
5 resonance in their dependence on energy, temperature, and local symmetry. These differences point to two distinct charge orders, although they share the same in-plane wavevectors. It is suggested that these dissimilarities could be linked to the excess oxygen dopants, given that the resonant reflections were observed in an incompletely reduced PrNiO2+δ
film. Furthermore, azimuthal analysis indicates that the oxygen ligands likely play a crucial role in the charge modulation revealed at the Ni L
3 resonance.
Jets, Accretion and Spin in Supermassive Black Holes
Authors: Chen Yongyun , Gu Qiusheng , Yang Jianghe , Fan Junhui , Yu Xiaoling , Xiong Dingrong , Ding Nan , Guo Xiaotong
Published: October 2024

The theoretical model suggests that relativistic jets of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) rely on the black hole spin and/or accretion. We study the relationship between jet, accretion, and spin using supermassive black hole samples with reliable spin of black holes. Our results are as follows: (1) There is a weak correlation between radio luminosity and the spin of the black hole for our sample, which may imply that the jet of the supermassive black hole in our sample depends on the other physical parameters besides black hole spins, such as accretion disk luminosity. (2) The jet power of a supermassive black hole can be explained by the hybrid model with magnetic field of corona. (3) There is a significant correlation between radio-loudness and black hole spin for our sample. These sources with high radio-loudness tend to have high black hole spins. These results provide observational evidence that the black hole spin may explain the bimodal phenomena of radio-loud and radio-quiet AGNs.
Adaptive Threshold Wave Front Sensing for Portable Adaptive Optics System Driven by Hybrid Parallel Technique
Authors: Zhang Tianyu , Wang Dongxia
Published: October 2024

Our Portable Adaptive Optics (PAO) system designed for high-contrast imaging of exoplanets with current 2–4 m class telescopes achieves a correction speed of nearly 1000 Hz, utilizing a Shack–Hartmann Wave Front Sensor (WFS) in a 9 × 9 sub-aperture configuration. As we look towards adapting the PAO system for larger telescopes, an increase in the number of sub-apertures in the WFS and enhanced precision in wave front detection are imperative. Originally programmed in LabVIEW, our initial PAO software is based on a traditional centroid calculation module for nighttime wave front sensing and lacks adaptive processing of background noise. To address these limitations and to boost the PAO system's performance and accuracy in wave front detection, we propose a compressive neural network (Th-Net) combined with a specialized hybrid parallel programming approach for wave front detection. Our experimental results indicate that this hybrid parallel technique and Th-Net significantly enhance the PAO system's operational speed and wave front detection precision under uneven background noise. This work paves the way so that a duplicable and low-cost PAO system can be used for direct imaging of exoplanets with large telescopes.
A New Approach of Data-driven Simulation and its Application to Solar Active Region 12673
Authors: Liu Zhi-Peng , Jiang Chao-Wei , Bian Xin-Kai , Liu Qing-Jun , Zou Peng , Feng Xue-Shang
Published: October 2024

The solar coronal magnetic field is a pivotal element in the study of eruptive phenomena, and understanding its dynamic evolution has long been a focal point in solar physics. Numerical models, driven directly by observation data, serve as indispensable tools in investigating the dynamics of the coronal magnetic field. This paper presents a new approach to electric field inversion, which involves modifying the electric field derived from the DAVE4VM velocity field using ideal Ohm’s law. The time series of the modified electric field is used as a boundary condition to drive a magnetohydrodynamics model, which is applied to simulate the magnetic field evolution of active region 12673. The simulation results demonstrate that our method enhances the magnetic energy injection through the bottom boundary, as compared with energy injection calculated directly from the DAVE4VM code, and reproduces the evolution of the photospheric magnetic flux. The coronal magnetic field structure is also in morphological similarity to the coronal loops. This new approach will be applied to the high-accuracy simulation of eruption phenomena and provide more details on the dynamical evolution of the coronal magnetic field.
Leveraging high-throughput analytics and automation to rapidly develop high-concentration mAb formulations: integrated excipient compatibility and viscosity screening
Authors: Xin Lun , Lan Lan , Mellal Mourad , McChesney Nathan , Vaughan Robert , Berdugo Claudia , Li Yunsong , Zhang Jingtao
Published: October 2024

Background: Formulation screening is essential to experimentally balance stability and viscosity in high-concentration mAb formulations. We developed a high-throughput approach with automated sample preparation and analytical workflows to enable the integrated assessment of excipient compatibility and viscosity of mAb formulations. Methods: Ninety-six formulations of a trastuzumab biosimilar were screened by combining 8 types of excipient modifiers with 4 types of buffers across a pH range of 4.5 to 7.5. Key stability risks, including high molecular weight (HMW) aggregation and fragmentation, were thoroughly assessed along with viscosity at high concentrations. Additionally, several biophysical parameters were evaluated for their ability to predict stability or viscosity outcomes. Multiple linear regression was applied to fit the data and identify key factors. Results: The optimal pH range for the trastuzumab biosimilar was found to be 5.0 to 6.5, based on opposing pH dependencies for stability and viscosity. Buffer type had a minor effect on viscosity and fragmentation but played a significant role in influencing HMW aggregates, with Na-acetate and histidine-HCl being the best candidates. The impact of excipient modifiers on viscosity, HMW, and fragmentation depended on both pH and buffer type, showing strong interactions among factors. Arginine-HCl and lysine-HCl effectively lowered viscosity of the trastuzumab biosimilar at pH levels above 6.0, while glycine formulations were more effective at reducing viscosity below pH 6.0. Histidine-HCl, arginine-HCl, and lysine-HCl lowered the risk of HMW aggregation, whereas formulations containing Na-phosphate or NaCl showed higher HMW aggregation. Formulations with arginine-HCl, lysine-HCl, and NaCl demonstrated a rapid increase in fragmentation at pH levels below 5.0, while Na-aspartate formulations showed increased fragmentation at pH levels above 6.5. Conclusion: Hence, it is important to optimize the levels of each chosen excipient in the formulation study to balance their benefits against potential incompatibilities. This study serves as a foundation for identifying high-concentration antibody formulations using a high-throughput approach, where minimal materials are required, and optimized formulation design spaces can be quickly identified.
Development and implementation of autoverification standardization in the adult and pediatric emergency department
Authors: Scott Savanna , Murtaza Umbreen , Choi Sara , Watt Ian , Chamless Juliana , Duncan Rosemary , Rowcliffe Meghan , Smith Jacob , Pherson Emily
Published: October 2024

Purpose

This project utilized the guidance of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP) autoverification toolkit to refine our health system’s approach to autoverification and contribute to the literature regarding appropriate use of autoverification technology in a pediatric and adult emergency department (ED).

This single-center quality improvement study was conducted in an academic medical center ED that has 33 pediatric beds and 77 adult beds. A team consisting of clinical pharmacy specialists in emergency medicine, medication safety and informatics personnel, operational managers, and pharmacy leadership was identified to develop and implement autoverification best practices in the ED utilizing practices outlined within the ASHP autoverification toolkit. Before implementation of best practices, defined as the “preoptimization” state, autoverification took place for most medications available in the automated dispensing cabinets (ADCs). By anchoring the autoverification rule on ADC inventory, it was challenging to optimize both inventory practices and autoverification best practices. This project focused on redesigning the autoverification rules in the electronic health record, defined as the “postoptimization” state. In the postoptimization state, autoverification in the ED was updated to better align with regulatory standards. Autoverification metrics and the percentage of orders that autoverified vs required pharmacist verification were analyzed in the preoptimization and postoptimization states.

Conclusion

This project utilized the guidance from ASHP’s autoverification toolkit to refine our health system’s approach to autoverification. High-alert medications (eg, insulin, extended-release opioids, digoxin) were taken off autoverification following implementation. Optimization of autoverification rules allows more orders for high-alert medications to be reviewed by a pharmacist.