bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of gamma radiation on quantitative traits and genetic variation of three successive generations of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.)
Authors: Vanmathi S , Arulbalachandran D , Soundarya V
Published: July 2021

An annual pulse crop cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.), commonly named southern pea, is a nourishing constituent for the human diet and fodder. Gamma rays are a potent mutagenic agent to stimulate genetic variation with better characteristics, improving the yield relating traits in crops. Hence, the present study focused on exploring genetic variation between three generations in the mutant populations of cowpea through SCoT markers. The mutant populations of three successive generations, M1, M2 and M3, were induced by different doses [200, 400, 600, 800, 1000 and 1200 Gray (Gy)] gamma irradiation. The results depict that the quantitative characters were reduced by increasing the dosage of gamma irradiation in the M1 generation. In contrast, the second and third generation of plants showed a significant increase in yield and yield contributing traits than control and the maximum increase was noticed at 200 Gy and 400 Gy. Days to first flowering was delayed in irradiated plants than control of M1 generation. In contrast, in consecutive generations (M2 and M3), the early first flowering was noticed at 400 Gy and late flowering was observed at 800 Gy compared respectively to control and other doses. Seed yield per plant mean value was increased at 200 Gy in both generations (M2 and M3); it may produce new genotypes to desirable traits such as yield and quality. SCoT markers were used to explore genetic variation at the genomic level of mutant populations and screened with eight primers. Among them, seven primers showed amplification of 222 bands, in which 133 bands showed polymorphism. The polymorphic bands varied from 3.03–96.07%. The genetic variation, such as the number of different alleles (Na), effective number of alleles (Ne), Shannon’s information index (I), expected heterozygosity (He) and unbiased expected heterozygosity (uHe) showed an average value of 1.352 ± 0.092, 1.278 ± 0.027, 0.293 ± 0.023, 0.184 ± 0.016, and 0.194 ± 0.016, respectively. AMOVA depicted significant genetic variation between all generations and indicated a total of 95% within populations and 5% among population variation by the marker used. The present investigations prominently showed that the variations induced by gamma irradiation were inherited from successive generations of the improvement in cowpea quantitative traits. This investigation gives acceptable proof that the SCoT markers are a valuable tool to identify the genetic variation among the three generations of cowpea.
Response of ‘Bignay’ [Antidesma bunius (Linn.) Spreng] to cutting origins, IBA and BioGroe treatments
Authors: Benabise Edgar V , Quinan Jonalyn J , Carig Joel G
Published: July 2021

The response of ‘Bignay’ [Antidesma bunius (Linn.) Spreng] to the cutting origins and different levels of plant bio-regulators consist of Indole-3-butyric Acid (IBA) and Biogroe treatments were investigated by means of 3 x 9 factorial experiment in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) using an automated mist propagator. Two hundred sixteen (216) healthy seedlings containing 9 nodes each were used in the study. Results revealed that cutting origins significantly increased shoot length but have no influence on the root number, percent rooting and percent survival. The cuttings originated from the bottom portion of the stem recorded the longest mean in terms of shoot length (12.48 mm) including the highest percent survival and percent rooting (82.41%). Highest mean number of roots were observed on the top cuttings (1.93). Indole-3-butyric Acid (IBA) and Biogroe treatments on cuttings have no effects on the different parameters evaluated. The interaction effect between cutting origins and IBA/Biogroe treatments significantly increased the percent rooting and percent survival except the shoot length and root number of Bignay cuttings. Overall, the findings inferred that A. bunius can be propagated by any cutting origin derived from the main stem of the donor plants tested. Cuttings can effectively be induced to produce roots and survive and can be economically mass propagated even without the application of different concentrations of IBA and BioGroe.
Screening of rice genotypes for salt tolerance by physiological and biochemical characters
Authors: Bhowmik Uttam , Kibria Mohammad Golam , Rhaman Mohammad Saidur , Murata Yoshiyuki , Hoque Md. Anamul
Published: July 2021

Crop production is unexpectedly hampered by different abiotic stresses. Salinity is one of the leading stresses, which snappishly hampers plant developmental progression. Local rice landraces exhibit noticeable salt tolerance as well as high yield. However, research is scarce about the physio-biochemical responses of local landraces and modern cultivar under saline conditions. Therefore, the present experiment was designed to reveal the physio-biochemical responses of local landraces and modern cultivar under salinity stress. Five landraces (Jotai, Icheburogolghor, Morishal, Chapail, Kumro buro) and two modern cultivars (BR23 and BRRI dhan41) were subjected to 0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 mM NaCl treatment. The effects of salt stress on morphological parameters, proline contents, and activities of antioxidant enzymes were assessed. Salt stress reduces the morphological parameters of all tested cultivars. The Morishal and BRRI dhan41 exhibited higher growth of plant and physiological parameters than other cultivars under the highest salinity. The catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), exhibited a significant increase whereas peroxidase (POX) activity significantly declined in all the cultivars under salinity stress. Morishal and BRRI dhan41 showed the highest proline content under the maximum saline condition. These results suggest that the high tolerant landrace and modern cultivars were Morishal and BRRI dhan41 respectively. These results also suggest that Morishal and BRRI dhan41 exhibited high tolerance to salinity by enhancing proline content and antioxidant enzyme activities.
Mentalne kino wyobraźni. Poezja filmowa i kwestia „filmowych” sposobów widzenia
Authors: Koschany Rafał
Published: July 2021

Punktem wyjścia i jednocześnie materiałem badawczym, który chciałbym poddać analizie, jest polska poezja filmowa. Już sama ta formuła wskazuje na konkretną relację intersemiotyczną, jednakże poza kwestiami oczywistymi (jak obecność w poezji filmowych tematów i struktur) równie ciekawe wydają się językowe metafory filmowe, które powracają w tekstach poetyckich i stają się swoistymi oznakami wyobraźni. Poezja filmowa stanowi ciekawe świadectwo zapisu trwałej zależności między doświadczeniem kina a doświadczaniem rzeczywistości. Przede wszystkim jednak chodzi tu o wspólnotę językową, w ramach której intersubiektywnie zrozumiały jest komunikat, że coś może być „jak w kinie” lub „filmowe”. Zakładam dodatkowo, że badanie poezji i używanych w niej schematycznych formuł może podpowiedzieć coś o filmowym postrzeganiu rzeczywistości w ogóle. Tak jak film zmienił ludzkie postrzeganie świata, sposób percepcji, rozumienia zasad opowiadania, śnienia i „wyobrażania sobie”, tak ślady owych przeobrażeń znajdujemy w tekstach pisarzy, którzy podlegali tym samym, wspólnym oddziaływaniom, a jednocześnie szukali ich językowych ekwiwalentów.
Sygnatury surrealistyczne Bogdana Bogdanovicia
Authors: Siewior Kinga
Published: July 2021

Celem artykułu jest przybliżenie relacji tekstu literackiego i architektury w twórczości Bogdana Bogdanovicia, serbskiego architekta, pisarza, polityka i opozycjonisty. Autorka koncentruje się na surrealistycznych inspiracjach i wpływach, które przenikają jego twórczość, tj. słynne upamiętnienia wydarzeń drugiej wojny światowej, szkice, eseje o architekturze i polityce oraz narracje autobiograficzne. Uwzględniając estetyczne i ideologiczne aspekty surrealistycznych sygnatur wpisanych w jego prace, autorka definiuje je jako subwersywną strategię wymierzoną w dyskurs komunistyczny ówczesnej Jugosławii, jak i w architektoniczny dyskurs powojennego modernizmu.
Nie tylko do czytania: Váchalowska gra z ideą pięknej książki
Authors: Gawarecka Anna
Published: July 2021

Josef Váchal (1884–1969) – grafik, malarz i pisarz, przede wszystkim zaś drzeworytnik – uchodził za outsidera (i w swoim czasie „wielkiego nieobecnego”) kultury czeskiej XX wieku. Choć wyliczenie wszystkich dziedzin, w których działał ten ekscentryczny „poliartysta”, jest prawie niemożliwe, w centrum jego zainteresowań pozostawała idea książki w całości (od tekstu po introligatorstwo) wykonanej przez jednego artystę. Większość badaczy zajmujących się twórczością książkową Váchala podkreśla jej związki z secesyjnym uniwersalizmem, koncepcją Gesamtkunstwerk Wagnera i koncepcją pięknej książki. Stylizacyjne ambicje tego ekscentrycznego grafika znalazły najpełniejsze odzwierciedlenie w jego imponująco bogatej (kilkadziesiąt tytułów) i bardzo różnorodnej praktyce księgarskiej. Oprócz własnych traktatów okultystycznych i ksylograficznych prze-pisywanych ezoterycznych lub heretyckich „tajemnych” druków sprzed wieków publikował także dzieła eseistyczne, poetyckie i powieściowe, opatrując je ilustracjami, a raczej uzupełniając znaczenia nadawane przez teksty sensami generowanymi przez obraz, zamieniając książki w przedmioty wielopłaszczyznowego intersemiotycznego odbioru.
Kropka nad „e”. Porządkowanie literatury cyfrowej
Authors: Pisarski Mariusz
Published: July 2021

Książka Elżbiety Winieckiej Poszerzanie pola literackiego. Studia o literackości w internecie stanowi ważne podsumowanie teorii i praktyki ostatnich dwóch dekad rozwoju literatury polskiej w przestrzeni cyfrowej oraz przekonującą próbę wprowadzenia tych doświadczeń w pole dyskusji nad literaturą w ogóle. To zadanie autorka wykonuje wzorowo, niosąc literaturoznawcom dobrą wiadomość: cyfrowy świat przynosi im bowiem nowe zadania i nowe obszary badań. W recenzji zwraca się także uwagę na edukacyjny charakter publikacji oraz ciekawą propozycję poszerzenia samego pola literatury elektronicznej o zjawiska rzadziej omawiane (aktywizm, literackie platformy społecznościowe) oraz o formy niecyfrowe, ale odnoszące się do społeczno-kulturowych efektów cyfrowej kultury i komunikacji.
Jak narysować pamięć? Zagłada w polskich ilustrowanych książkach dla dzieci
Authors: Kwiatkowska Agnieszka
Published: July 2021

W artykule poddano analizie ilustracje w książkach dla dzieci dotyczących Zagłady. Wśród omówionych pozycji dominują ilustracje realistyczne, często stylizowane na dziecięce rysunki lub fotografie. Nie tylko stanowią one konkretyzację czy interpretację tekstu literackiego, ale wchodzą z nim w dialog, umożliwiając wielowymiarowość odczytań. Do najważniejszych motywów powtarzających się w wielu ilustracjach należą: poszukiwanie kryjówki, ucieczka, doświadczenie głodu oraz obawa przed osamotnieniem, szczególnie przed utratą mamy. Ilustracje nie ukazują jednak sytuacji szczególnie drastycznych, poprzestając na sugestiach i otwierając pole do interpretacji. Dominuje w nich pragnienie upamiętnienia ofiar Holokaustu i przeniesienie indywidualnych wspomnień świadków do pamięci zbiorowej oraz budowanie postpamięci możliwe dzięki snuciu opowieści i dokumentowaniu ich ilustracjami.
Glucocorticoids protect HEI-OC1 cells from tunicamycin-induced cell damage via inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Liu Zhibiao , Fei Bing , Xie Lisheng , Liu Jin , Chen Xiaorui , Zhu Wenyan , Lv Lingyun , Ma Wei , Gao Ziwen , Hou Jie , She Wandong
Published: July 2021

Background

To analyze mechanisms of action of glucocorticoid treatment for endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), we aimed to evaluate the expression and activation status of the protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK)–C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) pathway, which is the major pathway in the ERS.

Methods

In the present study, we established an in vitro ERS model using tunicamycin-treated hair-cell-like HEI-OC1 cells. The effect of dexamethasone on proliferation inhibition, apoptosis, and ATF4–CHOP pathway in HEI-OC1 cells was examined by CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry, western blotting, and reverse transcription PCR, respectively.

Results

In HEI-OC1 cells, dexamethasone was shown to significantly reduce the tunicamycin-induced expression of ATF4 and CHOP in the context of sustained viability and proliferation, a therapeutic effect that was reversible by co-treatment with a glucocorticoid antagonist.

Conclusion

Dexamethasone can protect hair-cell-like HEI-OC1 cells from ERS damage, which may be one of the mechanisms of action for GCs in SNHL treatment.
Formulation and characterization of Eleutherine palmifolia extract-loaded self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS)
Authors: Annisa Rahmi , Yuwono Mochammad , Hendradi Esti
Published: July 2021

Objectives

This study aimed to determine the effect of different components and ratios of oil, surfactant, and cosurfactant on E. palmifolia extract-loaded SNEDDS.

Methods

E. palmifolia extract loaded SNEDDS was formulated from virgin coconut oil, Miglyol 812 as oil, using Tween 80 and Transcutol as surfactants, as well as propylene glycol and PEG 400 as cosurfactants. The optimization design formula consisted of eight design formulas in five ratio formulas, thus a total of 40 formulas were optimized using different components and ratios of oil, surfactant, and cosurfactant. These ratios used were 1:1:1, 1:2:1, 1:3:1, 1:4:1, as well as 1:5:1, and the formula’s components were determined based on the optimization results.

Results

The optimal formula of E. palmifolia extract loaded SNEDDS had the ratio 1:1:1 (formula A) of Miglyol 812:Tween 80:PEG 400 and 1:3:1 (formula E) of Miglyol 812:Tween 80:propylene glycol. Meanwhile, the optimal formulation characteristics showed a transmittance value above 90%, pH range of 5.10–5.20, 2.21–14.51 cP viscosity, emulsification time below 120 s, and particle size of 24.71–136.77 nm.

Conclusions

The optimal formula of E. palmifolia extract-loaded SNEDDS, were obtained using different components and ratios. These are Miglyol:Tween 80:PEG 400 at a component ratio of 1:1:1 (formula A) and Miglyol 812:Tween 80:propylene glycol at a component ratio of 1:3:1 (formula E).
The impact of glutaraldehyde on the characteristics of bovine hydroxyapatite-gelatin based bone scaffold as gentamicin delivery system
Authors: Budiatin Aniek Setiya , Gani Maria Apriliani , Ardianto Chrismawan , Samirah  , Pattah Sahrati Yudiaprijah Daeng , Mubarokah Fitroh , Khotib Junaidi
Published: July 2021

Objectives

Biomaterials are widely used as drug delivery systems targeting bone tissue, such as to treat bone infectious disease. However, the addition of drugs to biomaterials weakens their mechanical properties. Crosslinkers are compounds that improve the mechanical properties of biomaterials. This study aims to determine the effect of glutaraldehyde (GTA) as a crosslinker on the characteristics of bovine hydroxyapatite-gelatin-based bone scaffold with gentamicin as antibiotics (BHA-GEL-GEN-GTA).

Methods

BHA-GEL-GEN-GTA scaffold with GTA solid content ranging from 0.1 to 1.4 wt% was made by direct compression. The compressive strength test was carried out using autograph. Scaffold degradation test was carried out by dissolving the scaffolds in PBS. Scaffold toxicity was performed by MTT assay using BHK-21 fibroblast cells.

Results

There was a significant difference in the scaffolds’ compressive strength due to differences in GTA volume. Scaffold crosslinked using GTA with solid content 0.1 and 0.2 wt% in 2 mL solution had higher compressive strength than those in 1 mL solution. Furthermore, GTA with solid content 0.6, 1, 1.2, and 1.4 wt% showed higher compressive strength than those without GTA. Degradation test results showed that GTA increased the percentage of weight loss and swelling of the scaffold. The scaffold exhibited a nontoxic profile in MTT assay.

Conclusions

GTA with optimum solid content shows great compressive strength, stable swelling profile with low percentage of scaffold’s weight loss, and is considered as nontoxic.
Knowledge and attitudes of healthcare professionals on prescribing errors
Authors: Ernawati Desak Ketut , Widhiartini Ida Ayu Alit , Budiarti Endang
Published: July 2021

Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of healthcare professionals on prescribing errors.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional study employing a questionnaire that consisted of 12 items on knowledge and 10 items on healthcare professionals’ attitudes toward errors in prescribing process. The participants responded to the questionnaire with a 5-Likert scale of agreement. The domains assessed in the questionnaire were respondents’ knowledge and attitudes on prescribing errors, professionals responsible for the errors, and professionals’ competence on drug dose adjustment. Additionally, the questionnaire had two case scenarios to further assess the healthcare professionals’ knowledge of prescribing errors. There were 300 questionnaires administered to physicians, nurses, and pharmacists who attended conferences in Denpasar from July to October 2019.

Results

There were 30 physicians, 58 nurses, and 69 pharmacists who responded to the survey. A response rate of 52.3% (157/300) was obtained. All healthcare professionals agreed that errors may occur in prescribing, dispensing, and administration process. All healthcare professionals understood that physician is responsible for ensuring drug safety in prescribing process and also supported a standardized form on drugs which may need drug dose personalization. Concerning item on the importance of collaboration in drug dose adjustment, although the healthcare professionals agreed on the statement, they had significant differences on the level agreement on the statement (p=0.029). The healthcare professionals also supported having regular training on drug dose adjustment based on individual patients’ regimentation. The healthcare professionals’ responses showed that the significant differences found on the statement of healthcare professionals should have competency on personalized dose calculation (p<0.001). All healthcare professionals agreed that physicians should have competency on drug dose adjustment, yet physicians showed less agreement that other health professionals should have the competency.

Conclusions

All healthcare professionals understood that medication errors may occur during the prescribing process but showed different attitudes on professionals who had competence in drug dose calculation. They emphasize the need to have a standardized prescription format for medication with dose changes. The respondents also recommend having regular training on medication safety for healthcare professionals.
Health related quality of life among postmenopausal woman with hormone responsive HER2− breast cancer in Indonesia
Authors: Etikasari Ria , Andayani Tri Murti , Endarti Dwi , Taroeno-Hariadi Kartika Widayati
Published: July 2021

Objectives

Breast cancer (BC) in women could decrease health-related quality of life (HRQoL). HRQoL becomes important to be assessed to design a relevant treatment that could improve patient outcomes. Furthermore, assessing HRQoL by measuring health state utilities becomes pivotal for health economic evaluation. This study aimed to describe the HRQoL of postmenopausal women with hormone responsive (HR+) HER2− BC using the EQ5D5L instrument in Indonesia.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 126 patients in Dr. Sardjito Hospital in Indonesia. The HRQoL was assessed by interviewing BC patients using the EQ5D5L questionnaire, and the utility index was calculated using the Indonesian value set. Information regarding clinical characteristic and socio-demographic were gained from patient medical records. One-way ANOVA and post-hoc Scheffe’s test was performed to compare the utility score within the health state.

Results

Of the 126 patients, a mean ± SD for the age of 59.2 ± 6.1 years. The major problems of patients were pain/discomfort (75.4%) followed by anxiety/depression (54.8%). The mean (SD) of EQ5D VAS was 76.64 (14.91). Mean (SD) of utility score was 0.87 (0.10), 0.77 (0.19) and 0.58 (0.44) for free metastasis (FM), locoregional metastasis (LM) and distant metastasis (DM), respectively. Poor QoL was observed at DM health state (p<0.05).

Conclusions

HRQoL of postmenopausal women with HR+ HER2− BC was low. The major reported problems were pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression.
Drug utilization study and cost analysis of adult β-thalassemia major patient therapy at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya
Authors: Qatrunnada Hasna , Suharjono  , Bintoro Siprianus Ugroseno Yudho , Wahyuni Siti
Published: July 2021

Objectives

The main therapy of β-thalassemia major are blood transfusion and iron chelation drugs. However, those therapies also have some adverse effects and problems such as iron overload, transfusion reactions, nutritional deficiencies, and patient compliance problems. Those arising problems also have an impact on therapy cost. Hence, this study was designed to analyze drug utilization study and cost of therapy in β-thalassemia major adult patients at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya.

Methods

This research was conducted in descriptive observational-retrospective design using secondary data obtained from patient’s medical records and billing registrations from January 1–December 31, 2019.

Results

There were 18 patients out of 233 patients that were analyzed. Deferasirox was the most administered drug with doses between 500 mg/day–1,500 mg/day while deferiprone was ranged between 1,500 and 4,500 mg/day. Patients also received transfusion reaction drugs with dexamethasone injection 5 mg/ml which was administered the most. The most administered supplement was folic acid 1 mg. Patients had an increase in serum ferritin due to low compliance. Deferasirox had the most adherence number of patients with decrease of serum ferritin. The two highest costs of direct medical components were top-up medicines and consumable medical supplies. Overall, the hospital gained profit from national health insurance claims.

Conclusions

The most administered chelating agent was deferasirox. Deferasirox also had the most adherence number of patients with decreased number of serum ferritin. However, deferasirox also yielded the highest cost. Yet, overall, the hospital gained profit from national health insurance claims.
The correlation between self-related adherence, asthma-related quality of life and control of asthma in adult patients
Authors: Zairina Elida , Nugraheni Gesnita , Achmad Gusti Noorrizka Veronika , Sulistyarini Arie , Nita Yunita , Bakhtiar Arief , Amin Muhammad
Published: July 2021

Objectives

Medication non-adherence mostly occurs in patients with a wide range of disease severity, including asthma. The aim of the study was to assess the self reported adherence to asthma therapy and investigate the relationship between adherence, asthma control and asthma-related quality of life.

Methods

The study was a cross-sectional study in which participants were recruited from an outpatient department, in one hospital in Surabaya. Patients (aged≥18 years) with asthma who had used any regular asthma medications were included. Standardised questionnaires, including Juniper’s Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ), Adherence to Refills and Medications Scales (ARMS) and Juniper’s Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ) were used.

Results

A total of 82 adults with asthma were recruited in the study. Male participants’ mean age was 49.13 ± 14.10 years (n = 23). Approximately 59 participants (72.0%) were females, 30 participants (36.5%) were using Budesonide inhaler, and 73 participants (89.0%) never smoked. The mean of ACQ, AQLQ, and ARMS scores were 1.62 ± 1.19, 4.96 ± 1.24, and 16.98 ± 4.12, respectively. Of 82 patients studied 53 (64.6 %) had “uncontrolled asthma” and more than 85% participants both showed “non adherence” to asthma therapy and nearly 46% of them indicated that their quality of life was affected by asthma. There was a significant association between ACQ and AQLQ (p<0.05), whereas no statistically significant association was found between ACQ and ARMS.

Conclusions

The majority of patients reported non-adherence to asthma medications. Poor controlled asthma has been associated with lower asthma-related quality of life.
The effect of Camellia sinensis (green tea) with its active compound EGCG on neuronal cell necroptosis in Rattus norvegicus middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model
Authors: Machin Abdulloh , Syaharani Ramidha , Susilo Imam , Hamdan Muhammad , Fauziah Dyah , Purwanto Djoko Agus
Published: July 2021

Objectives

To determine the inhibition effect of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and green tea extract on neuronal necroptosis based on necroptosis morphology.

Methods

In vivo study was performed on male Rattus norvegicus middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model divided into five groups, MCAO-control groups, EGCG 10 mg/kg BW/day, EGCG 20 mg/kg BW/day, EGCG 30 mg/kg BW/day, and green tea extract 30 mg/kg BW/day for 7 days treatment. MCAO model was made by modification method using Bulldog clamp. After 7 days of treatment, all R. norvegicus were sacrificed. After that, examination using Hematoxylin–Eosin stain was conducted to look at necroptosis morphology in each group.

Results

We found that there are significant differences between control group and the other three groups (EGCG 20 mg/kg BW/day, EGCG 30 mg/kg BW/day, and green tea extract (p<0.05). There is a significant correlation between the number of neuron cell necroptosis and both EGCG and green tea extract (p<0.05). The correlation is negative, which means both EGCG and green tea extract will decrease the number of neuron cell necroptosis. EGCG will decrease neuron cell necroptosis starting from the dose of 20 mg/kg BW/day. EGCG 30 mg/kg BW/day produces the best result compared to other doses.

Conclusions

Camellia sinensis (green tea) with its active compound EGCG decreases neuronal necroptosis morphology in MCAO models.
The development and validation of the health belief model questionnaire for measuring factors affecting adherence in the elderly with hypertension
Authors: Fithri Rodhiyatul , Athiyah Umi , Zairina Elida
Published: July 2021

Objectives

This study aimed to validate the questionnaire on the health belief model questionnaire to assess health beliefs that could influence adherence to hypertension in the elderly.

Methods

The questionnaire was based on a study of the literature and discussion with experts. The questionnaire was then circulated via social media. Participants who met the following criteria were asked to participate in the study: (1) aged 60–79 years of age, (2) had antihypertensive medications in the last three months, and (3) had a mobile phone with an active number. The questionnaire consists of six domains: perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived threat, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and perceived self efficacy. The findings were grouped by domain and tested for reliability and validity using SPSS ver.24.

Results

Thirty participants completed the questionnaire. Each domain was tested for its reliability and validity at a value of 0.05. The result shows that each domain had a Cronbach’s alpha value greater than 0.7, with a total score of 0.89 indicating that all domains in the questionnaire were reliable. Furthermore, of the 49 items in the questionnaire, only two items were invalid while the rest of the items demonstrated their validity based on the Pearson Correlation (>r table 0.361; p<0.05).

Conclusions

This self administered health belief model questionnaire was a valid and reliable instrument to assess health beliefs in elderly with hypertension.
Providing counseling through home pharmacy care (HPC) for hemodialysis patients with hypertension in lowering blood pressure
Authors: Daud Rahmiyati , Zulkarnain Bambang Subakti , Amu Ivan Virnanda
Published: July 2021

Objectives

Hypertension is one of the main factors in increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease with 51% reported cause of death in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). It is a comorbid that needs to be managed properly and gets special attention from various health disciplines including a pharmacist.

Methods

This was a quasi experimental study with pretest–posttest intervention using home pharmacy care (HPC) counseling both on the counseling and the noncounseling group. Initial data collection and informed consent was done at the Hemodialysis Unit Aloei Saboe and Toto Kabila Hospital, Gorontalo. The parameters in the study were patients’ compliance to their medication using the Medication Adherence Questionnaire (MAQ) and Pill Count Adherence (PCA) questionnaires and the patient’s blood pressure.

Results

Fifty-eight patients met the inclusion criteria and were divided into two groups (the counseling group and the noncounseling group). Based on MAQ and PCA, the level of patient medication adherence increased significantly in the counseling group compared to the noncounseling group with a significance value of p<0.05. Increasing adherence was correlated with patients’ outcome of lowering blood pressure. More patients in the counseling group showed decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure compared to the noncounseling group (86.2 vs. 17.2% for systolic BP and 69 vs. 10.3% for diastolic blood pressure (BP). Following adjusted confounding variables, counseling through HPC provided a chance of decreasing systolic blood pressure 32 times (95% CI: 7.198–144.550) and diastolic blood pressure 42 times (95% CI: 6.204–286.677).

Conclusions

HPC affects the improvement of patient medication adherence and reduction of blood pressure in hemodialysis patients with hypertension.
Gender differences in the blood glucose type 2 diabetes patients with combination rapid and long acting insulin therapy
Authors: Ratri Dinda M. N. , Puspitasari Arina D. , Nugroho Cahyo W. , Suprapti Budi , Suharjono  , Alderman Christoper P.
Published: July 2021

Objectives

Previous research suggests that there may be intergender differences in the profile of glycemic control achievable during the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. This preliminary study was conducted to determine differences in glycemic outcomes in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients amongst men and women in an Indonesian hospital.

Methods

The study was conducted at the outpatient internal medicine polyclinic of Universitas Airlangga Teaching Hospital Surabaya. This observational prospective cohort study examining outcomes for 64 patients (32 men and 32 women) treated with insulin therapy. The primary outcome measure was the extent to which subjects achieved concordance with the target blood glucose parameters based on the American Diabetes Association (ADA) guidance.

Results

After 3 months of combination basal-bolus insulin treatment, the proportion of subjects who had fasting blood glucose values in the target range did not increase for either gender. For women, there was a significantly higher proportion of subjects who achieved a postprandial glucose value within the target range (p=0.04)

Conclusions

In this study, patients achieved postprandial glycemic outcomes for women but not men. More research is required to elucidate the possible intergender difference in results for subjects treated with basal-bolus insulin for type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Effect of hydrocortisone on hypocorticolism caused by pituitary adenoma
Authors: Qonita Niswah N. , Hidayati Hanik B.
Published: July 2021

Objectives

Pituitary adenoma is a tumor that can cause hormonal secretion problems, including hypocortisolism. Hypocortisolism may result in negative impacts such as an increase in proinflammatory cytokine and immune system activation. Hypocortisolism therapy is performed by giving high-dose hydrocortisone. This case report presented a hypocortisolism therapy using hydrocortisone in a patient with pituitary adenoma.

Case presentation

A 17-year-old boy was admitted to a hospital due to right-eye vision loss, headache, and swallowing difficulty. During the treatment at the hospital, the patient had light depression. The brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scanning with contrast showed there was a supratentorial axial lesion enlarged from the intrasellar to the suprasellar. The anamnesis and physical examination, as well as laboratory and supporting examinations, showed that the patient was diagnosed to suffer from pituitary macroadenoma. The laboratory examination showed that the size of hypocortisolism was at <0.5 μg/dL (reference value ranges from 4.30–22.40 μg/dL). The patient was treated with hydrocortisone IV therapy at 100 mg/dose administered in the morning and evening for 4 days. Then, the dose tapering off of 100 mg/dose was administered in the morning for 4 days. After that, the patient received hydrocortisone of 20 mg/dose peroral administration in the morning and evening until the patient was discharged from the hospital. Tapering off was performed to prevent the side effects of high-dose hydrocortisone. Besides, the patient was alsounder the Endoscopic Endonasal Transsphenoidal Hypophysectomy (EETH). The cortisol level in the pretreatment was at <0.5 and 5.3 μg/dL during the treatment. There were no side effects of the treatment when the patients were hospitalized.

Conclusions

The hydrocortisone IV therapy with 100 mg/do was administered in the morning and evening for 4 days, and then the dose tapering off of 100 mg/dose was done in the morning for 4 days. Then, the hydrocortisone therapy of 20 mg/dose peroral administration to the patient with pituitary macroadenoma in the morning and evening to improve the cortisol level. The cortisol level in the pretreatment was at 0.5 and 5.3 μg/dL in the post-treatment.
Analysis of matrix metalloproteinase-9 levels among acute heart failure patients with ACE inhibitor therapy (Dr. Soetomo Regional General Hospital, Surabaya)
Authors: Purbosari Ira , Zulkarnain Bambang Zubakti , Aminuddin Muh , Fatmawati Umi
Published: July 2021

Objectives

Heart disease is a clinical condition characterized by specific signs such as joint inflammation, weakness, and shortness of breath. Left ventricular remodeling can be experienced by patients with heart failure wherein a change in myocyte and nonmyocyte components occurs. One of the biomarkers in heart disease with myocardial fibrosis is matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). Common therapy that is often given to patients with heart failure is ACE inhibitors. This main objective of this research is to investigate the effect of ACE inhibitor therapy on the degrees of MMP-9 as a biomarker among patients with heart disease.

Methods

This research applied one group pretest–posttest design to analyze the variation in the levels of MMP-9 as a biomarker for heart function. Twenty-three subjects with acute heart disease met that inclusion also exclusion criteria, who were selected using nonrandom sampling. Statistical analysis was conducted to specify the levels of MMP-9 before, after the administration of therapy.

Results

The most widely used ACE inhibitor drug was ramipril for 15 patients (65%), and the least used ACE Inhibitor drug was captopril for two patients (9%). Meanwhile, the mean MMP-9 levels before therapy was (1,915.26 pg/mL ± 260.84), and the mean MMP-9 levels after therapy was (1,916.93 pg/mL ± 383.12). The statistical analysis result revealed no significant difference in the degrees of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 accumulation (p=0.378).

Conclusions

There was no significant reduction in the levels of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 after pretest and posttest.
Second internal transcribed spacer (ITS-2) as genetic marker for molecular characterization of Sarcoptes scabiei in rabbits from several areas of East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Lastuti Nunuk Dyah Retno , Rusdiana Nur , Hastutiek Poedji
Published: July 2021

Objectives

The purpose of this study is to use the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS-2) to determine the molecular characteristics of Sarcoptes scabiei in rabbits from several areas of East Java.

Methods

Collecting S. scabiei mites from rabbits with clinical signs of scabies; DNA extraction with minikit QIAamp DNA; polymerase chain reaction amplification; nucleotide sequence analysis; homology and phylogenetic tree using the Neighbor-Joining method in the program molecular evolutionary genetics analysis-7 (MEGA-7).

Results

Sequence analysis of ITS-2 S. scabiei from five regions in East Java showed an identity >91.23% with isolates from China (KX695125.1). The phylogenetic analysis of ITS-2 S. scabiei from Mojokerto rabbits has a close relationship with AB82977.1; Surabaya and Nganjuk rabbits are closely related to KX695125.1; while Sidoarjo and Pasuruan rabbits are closely related to EF514469.2. and AB369384.1.

Conclusions

The homology analysis of all samples showed identity of more than 91.23% with isolate China (KX695125.1). The sequences of ITS-2 gen of S. scabiei from rabbits in several areas were relatively close to S. scabiei obtain various hosts from National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) data.
The role of hyperbaric oxygen to platelet aggregation in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)
Authors: Widiyanti Prihartini , Suryohudoyo Purnomo
Published: July 2021

Objectives

Hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus (DM) could cause rheological disorder, such as platelet aggregation and blood hyperviscosity. Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) could decrease collagen as platelet aggregation agonist. This study aimed to explore the effect of HBO treatment to platelet aggregation parameters (latency time(LT), aggregation speed, aggregation index, and aggregation percentage) with the collagen aggregator in the noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM).

Methods

The number of subjects in this study were 16 for each group normoxia normobaric (NONB) and HBO. NIDDM patients from DM polyclinic in Rumah Sakit Angkatan Laut (RSAL) Dr Ramelan Surabaya which was fulfilled inclusion criteria would receive HBO Therapy. Control Group/NONB were treated with NONB condition (20% O2 1 ATA) for 90 min and treatment group/HBO were treated with hyperoxia hyperbaric condition (100% O2 2.4 ATA) for 3 × 30 min with interval of 2 × 5 min for inhaling fresh air. Subject has been blood taken for platelet aggregation test before and after HBO Therapy. The length of treatment was 5 days for both condition (NONB and HBO).

Results

The data from both groups, NONB and HBO were tested first by normality test, homogenity test, correlation test, analysis of covariance, and paired t-test. Based on paired t-test, the decrease on platelet aggregation speed, aggregation index, and aggregation percentage after HBO treatment was showed significant difference on the LT and aggregation index while in aggregation speed and aggregation percentage was not significant. NONB group after 5 days was showed a significant difference on the aggregation speed and aggregation index while in LT and aggregation percentage was not significant.

Conclusions

The utilization of HBO 2.4 ATA 100% O2 3 × 30 min, once a day, for 5 days could decrease the platelet aggregation parameters (LT, aggregation speed, aggregation index, and aggregation percentage) in patients with NIDDM.
Assessment of patient understanding of their conventional cardiac medicines and herbal prepared/derived products: preliminary survey and interviews with selected community-dwelling elderly patients in the Philippines
Authors: Jazul Jay P. , Arciga Trisha Michaela G. , Ante Mary Angelie C. , Berlin Danavin Gwyneth B. , Ravana Loise Francoise L. , Reyes Samantha A. , Singh Jashanjit
Published: July 2021

Objectives

The aim of this study was to identify the patterns of medication load, its medication burden, coordination of healthcare and patient’s understanding of their conventional cardiac medications and related herbal-derived preparations.

Methods

The study is a mixed-method both, quantitative and qualitative approach, which involved Filipino elderly patients (n=69) enrolled in the outpatient service of the National Center for Geriatric Health, Manila. Data were gathered through face-to-face surveys and interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used during data analysis. Thematic analysis was also used to emphasize patterns in the responses of the participants.

Results

Respondents were knowledgeable on the name (86.9%), visual characteristics (78.3%), and indication and administration of their medicine (88.4%). The frequency of their doctor’s information on the possible side effects of the medicines was noted. The almost negligible difference in the proportions of those who asserted during the information dissemination on the medication side effect by their doctors was observed (<10.5%). Association on the age and awareness of any interaction on the drugs they are taking (p=0.032) and an association between the gender and awareness of the doctor/pharmacists about other drugs the patient is taking (p=0.033) were observed. During thematic analysis, elderly respondents were keen on the physician’s advice than that of the pharmacist. This is due to the limited knowledge of elderly patients on the role of pharmacists to conduct medication counseling.

Conclusions

The majority of the elderly patients recognized the purpose and extent of medication. It was noted that pharmacists play a limited role in understanding selected Filipino elderly patients on their medication. Lack of communication between the patient and the pharmacist was noted as preliminary findings in the study. Respondents were not yet informed of the responsibility of the pharmacist to provide information regarding their medication. Integration of pharmacists’ care for geriatric health must be strengthened and highly recommended. Supervision by the healthcare professionals, particularly by the pharmacists, must be fully established.
Challenges in the provision of natural medicines by community pharmacists in East Java Province, Indonesia
Authors: Puspitasari Hanni P. , Fatmaningrum Dhita , Zahro Sa’adatus , Salsabila Shofi , Rizqulloh Zulfia A. , Yuda Ana , Mufarrihah  , Sukorini Anila I. , Purwitasari Neny
Published: July 2021

Objectives

Community pharmacist has been widely known as a health professional who can be easily accessed to provide medicines and reliable medicine information. However, this was not always in the case of dispensing natural medicines. Several international studies revealed that community pharmacists were less likely to deliver natural medicines accompanied with detailed information. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate factors influencing Indonesian community pharmacists in the supply of, delivery of, and provision of information about natural medicines.

Methods

A qualitative study with purposively selected community pharmacists in four areas (district or municipality) in East Java Province was designed. In-depth, semi-structured interviewed were conducted using a Capability-Opportunity-Motivation-Behaviour approach. All interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed ad verbatim, and thematically analysed.

Results

Data saturation was reached after interviewing 14 community pharmacists. All informants reported dispensing non-prescribed natural medicines. Nine had experienced dispensing prescribed natural medicines, mainly fulfilling paediatricians’ requests. The most common information given was about product usage, while information about safety (i.e. side effects, interaction) was rarely provided. Although numerous registered natural medicines have been available, informants had low motivation to supply a variety of types, primarily because little opportunity to receive requests from doctors and the community. Limited capability due to a lack reliable source of information about natural medicines was another reason.

Conclusions

Poor motivation to supply natural medicines was because community pharmacists had little opportunity for such requests and limited capability due to scarcity of information. This indicated support from natural medicine manufacturers, researchers, and the government is highly required.
Translation and cross-cultural adaption of an instrument measuring patient’s well-being under treatment for schizophrenia
Authors: Julaeha Julaeha , Athiyah Umi , Maramis Margarita Maria , Sugianto Agus , Hermansyah Andi
Published: July 2021

Objectives

The Subjective Well-Being under Neuroleptic (SWN) Scale is a self-rating scale measuring the well-being of patients with schizophrenia under antipsychotic drug treatment. The instrument has been globally used, with issues regarding the well-being assessment scale across different cultures, patient characteristics, and country-setting remains a controversy. This study aimed to translate and culturally adapt the SWN scale into the Indonesian version (Indonesian Modified SWN or IM-SWN) and evaluate its validity and reliability.

Methods

The SWN instrument was translated and culturally adapted following internationally accepted procedures, including forward translation, expert panel review, backward-translation, pretesting and cognitive interviewing, and psychometric analysis for the final version of the scale. The translated instrument was tested on 108 schizophrenia patients. The instrument’s validity and reliability were assessed using Pearson’s correlation and Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient. Additional analysis for the socio-demographic and psychometric properties of the patient was also conducted.

Results

The range of IM-SWN total score between 30 and 112. IM-SWN was found to have a high-reliability coefficient (0.897), and the internal consistency values of each question item ranged between 0.885 and 0.910. The results also showed a high correlation between five order factors (Physical functioning, mental functioning, self-control, emotional regulation, and social integration), with a total score of between 0.768 and 0.885.

Conclusions

This study highlighted that the IM-SWN is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring well-being among the Indonesian population with schizophrenia.
The maximum dose and duration in the therapy single use methotrexate to achieve remission by rheumatoid arthritis patients through disease activity score 28 (DAS28)
Authors: Achmad Anisyah , Rahmayanti Tika Yasmin , Putra Suryana Bagus Putu
Published: July 2021

Objectives

One of the treatments for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was methotrexate which a disease modifying antirheumatic drug therapy. The use of methotrexate required the right dose and length of therapy to achieve remission. The effectivity of methotrexate could be accounted by disease activity score 28 (DAS28) as a tool has been used clinically with a combination number of tender joints, swollen joints, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and global clinical assessment by the patient. The aim of this study was to determine the effective dose and length of therapy methotrexate was measured by DAS28 score.

Methods

This research was a cross-sectional study and data was collected from patient medical records in Saiful Anwar Hospital, Malang, from February to July 2018. The research has been given ethical clearance. The inclusion criteria for the 88 subjects were men and women, over 20 years of age, usage of only methotrexate for at least three months, an erythrocyte sedimentation rate score, uncomplicated inflammatory bowel disease, cancer, and systemic lupus erythematosus. All data obtained was entered in formula DAS28. The Statistic analysis used both Pearson and Spearman’s rank correlation.

Results

Only 16 patients achieved remission. There were not significant correlation in statistical analysis between DAS score and cumulative dose (r=−0.091; p=0.400), average dose (r=0.043; p = 0.692), maximum dose (r=0.074; p=0.492), and length of therapy (r=−0.075; p = 0.489). The initial dose of therapy methotrexate was different and the length of therapy was adjusted to the patient’s health condition.

Conclusions

The maximum dose and length of therapy methotrexate was required to achieve remission in RA.