bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formation and growth characteristics of nanostructured carbon films on nascent Ag clusters during room-temperature electrochemical CO2 reduction
Authors: Watmanee Suthasinee , Nganglumpoon Rungkiat , Hongrutai Nattaphon , Pinthong Piriya , Praserthdam Piyasan , Wannapaiboon Suttipong , Szilágyi Petra Ágota , Morikawa Yoshitada , Panpranot Joongjai
Published: March 2022

Formation of nanostructured carbon films on nascent Ag clusters during room-temperature electrochemical CO2 reduction.
Theory for nanoscale curvature induced enhanced inactivation kinetics of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Kant Rama , Mishra Gaurav Kumar , Neha
Published: March 2022

We develop a novel theory for the nanomorphology dependent outer sphere heterogeneous electron transfer (ET) rate constant () based on an energy level alignment approach.
Correction: A mesoporous polydopamine nanoparticle enables highly efficient manganese encapsulation for enhanced MRI-guided photothermal therapy
Authors: Wu Yan , Huang Yu , Tu Chunlai , Wu Fengren , Tong Gangsheng , Su Yue , Xu Li , Zhang Xiaoqin , Xiong Shuqiang , Zhu Xinyuan
Published: March 2022

Correction for ‘A mesoporous polydopamine nanoparticle enables highly efficient manganese encapsulation for enhanced MRI-guided photothermal therapy’ by Yan Wu et al., Nanoscale, 2021, 13, 6439–6446, DOI: D1NR00957E.
Prospect of making XPS a high-throughput analytical method illustrated for a CuxNi1−xOy combinatorial material library
Authors: Bodenstein-Dresler Lucas C. W. , Kama Adi , Frisch Johannes , Hartmann Claudia , Itzhak Anat , Wilks Regan G. , Cahen David , Bär Marcus
Published: March 2022

Methods for fast quantification of XPS data of a CuxNi1−xOy combinatorial material library were evaluated in a step towards high-throughput analysis.
Naproxen release behaviour from graphene oxide/cellulose acetate composite nanofibers
Authors: Purnamasari Wulan , Budiastanti Titah Aldila , Aminatun Aminatun , Rahmah Ulfa , Sumarsih Sri , Chang Jia-Yaw , Fahmi Mochamad Zakki
Published: March 2022

The present study investigated the effect of graphene oxide in cellulose acetate-based composite nanofibers on the transdermal delivery of naproxen.
Zeolitic-imidazolate framework derived Ni–Co layered double hydroxide hollow microspheres with enhanced pseudocapacitive properties for hybrid supercapacitors
Authors: Li Xu , Liu Shuangyi , Bai Sihan , Li Zhenhu , Shen Jun
Published: March 2022

A series of citrate-intercalated Ni–Co LDHs are synthesized by hydrolyzing ZIF-67. Due to the pillar effect of citrate, the electrochemical features of Ni and Co are fully unfolded, and an evolution from typical pseudocapacitive to battery-type charge storing behaviors is first verified.
Techno-socio-economic analysis of geological carbon sequestration opportunities
Authors: Suleman Kali Rania Faruq , Fan Dian , Hazel Nick , Striolo Alberto
Published: March 2022

Although geological carbon sequestration is considered one of the pillars required to achieve the goals of the Paris Agreement, only a few demonstration sites are currently being developed around the globe. A workflow is presented here to identify potential new pilot sites.
A prodrug strategy for the in vivo imaging of aldehyde dehydrogenase activity
Authors: Pereira Raul , Flaherty Renée L. , Edwards Richard S. , Greenwood Hannah E. , Shuhendler Adam J. , Witney Timothy H.
Published: March 2022

An in vivo aldehyde protection strategy for the non-invasive imaging of ALDH1A1 using a fluorine-18 labelled substrate.
Manipulating the Li–S reaction kinetics via the V8C7/phosphorus defect-integrated carbon promoter
Authors: Yang Qin , Chen Zhuo , Zheng Zhiqin , Chen Le , Song Lixian , Sun Jingyu , Song Yingze
Published: March 2022

V8C7/phosphorus defect-integrated carbon (VPC) simultaneously suppresses the polysulfide shuttling behavior and, respectively, propels the Li2S nucleation as well as the decomposition reaction kinetics.
Thermal stability and self-reduction of a new red phosphor NaMg(PO3)3:Mn2+
Authors: Zhu Shuang-Yin , Zhao Dan , Dai Shao-Jie , Zhang Rui-Juan , Shi Lin-Ying
Published: March 2022

In this paper, a series of red phosphors NaMg(PO3)3:xMn2+ were synthesized by high temperature reaction in the open atmosphere.
Palladium-catalyzed denitrative N-arylation of nitroarenes with pyrroles, indoles, and carbazoles
Authors: Feng Lin , Yao Jiaxin , Yu Lin , Duan Wengui
Published: March 2022

We have disclosed a general method for denitrative N-arylation via Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling of N–H heteroarenes with nitroarenes, which are one of the most inexpensive and readily available feedstocks in the chemical industry.
Green fluorescent nanomaterials for rapid detection of chromium and iron ions: wool keratin-based carbon quantum dots
Authors: Song Yuanyuan , Qi Na , Li Kang , Cheng Di , Wang Dong , Li Ying
Published: March 2022

Synthesis of carbon quantum dots from wool keratin and their potential in detecting chromium and iron ions.
The effect of chemical representation on active machine learning towards closed-loop optimization
Authors: Pomberger A. , Pedrina McCarthy A. A. , Khan A. , Sung S. , Taylor C. J. , Gaunt M. J. , Colwell L. , Walz D. , Lapkin A. A.
Published: March 2022

Multivariate chemical reaction optimization involving catalytic systems is a non-trivial task due to the high number of tuneable parameters and discrete choices.
Understanding defects and band tailing characteristics and their impact on the device performance of Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 solar cells
Authors: Karade Vijay C. , Suryawanshi Mahesh P. , Jang Jun Sung , Gour Kuldeep Singh , Jang Suyoung , Park Jongsung , Kim Jin Hyeok , Shin Seung Wook
Published: March 2022

The Raman analysis of Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 thin films revealed a change in the relative defect concentration and device performance with composition.
Rôle physiologique du récepteur de l’apéline : Implication dans le maintien de l’équilibre hydrique et de l’hyponatrémie
Authors: Girault-Sotias Pierre-Emmanuel , De Mota Nadia , Llorens-Cortès Catherine
Published: March 2022

L’apéline, un neuropeptide vasoactif, son récepteur (Apéline-R) et l’arginine-vasopressine (AVP, hormone antidiurétique) sont co-localisés dans les neurones magnocellulaires vasopressinergiques. Dans le rein, l’Apéline-R est présent dans les artérioles glomérulaires et le canal collecteur (CD) où sont aussi localisés les récepteurs de l’AVP de type 2 (V2-R). L’apéline exerce une action aquarétique par son effet inhibiteur sur l’activité électrique phasique des neurones vasopressinergiques et la sécrétion systémique de l’AVP dans la circulation sanguine, et par son action directe au niveau du rein. Dans cet organe, elle augmente la microcirculation locale et inhibe, au niveau du CD, l’effet antidiurétique de l’AVP médié par les V2-R. L’apéline et l’AVP dans le plasma sont inversement régulées par les stimuli osmotiques aussi bien chez l’Homme que chez le rongeur, montrant que l’apéline participe avec l’AVP au maintien de l’équilibre hydrique. Sur le plan clinique, chez les patients atteints du syndrome d’antidiurèse inappropriée (SIAD), l’équilibre apéline/AVP est altéré, ce qui contribue au défaut du métabolisme de l’eau. L’activation de l’Apéline-R par un analogue métaboliquement stable d’une des isoformes de l’apéline, l’apéline-17, en augmentant la diurèse aqueuse et modérément la prise d’eau, et en corrigeant progressivement l’hyponatrémie, pourrait constituer une nouvelle approche pour le traitement de cette pathologie.
Effects of temperature on the survival and development of the early life stages of northern pike (Esox lucius)
Authors: Réalis-Doyelle Emilie , Pasquet Alain , Fontaine Pascal , Teletchea Fabrice
Published: March 2022

In the context of global change, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of temperature on the survival rate and various variables (development time, morphometric measures, energy values) for both embryos and post-hatch stages until first food intake of northern pike (Esox lucius). We applied five constant temperatures (8, 10, 12, 14 and 16 °C) and their effects were analyzed during the entire endogenous feeding period at three stages: hatching, emergence and first food intake. Around 80,000 eggs from five females and five males were used. As expected, the development time was three times longer at 8 than at 16 °C. The survival rate of well-formed post-hatch stages at the end of the endogenous feeding period was similar between temperatures: 76% (10 °C), 73% (12 °C), 72% (14 °C), 72% (16 °C), except at 8 °C (70%). Also at 16 °C, post-hatch stages were larger and had the highest energy value when starting feeding exogenously. These results are in accordance with current models that predict an increase of the distribution area of northern pike in France in coming decades associated with climate change projections (1 to 5 °C increase by 2100 for France).
Triglyceride-Glucose Index and the Risk of Stroke: A Systematic
Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis
Authors: Feng Xiao , Yao Yao , Wu Lingshan , Cheng Chang , Tang Qiaoqiao , Xu Shabei
Published: March 2022

Insulin resistance (IR) is an independent risk factor of cardiovascular disease.
Recent research has proposed a new inexpensive and reliable indicator of IR:
triglyceride glucose index (TyG index). We aim to evaluate the dose-response
association between the TyG index and stroke through meta-analysis. Literature
published from inception until October 2021 were searched in PubMed, Embase,
Cochrane Library and Web of science. Cohort studies published in English and
focusing on the association between the TyG index and stroke were included in
our meta-analysis. I2 statistic and Chi-square were used to assess
the heterogeneity. When I2≥30% or p≤0.10, the
random-effect model was used to pool the effect; otherwise, we chose the
fixed-effect model. Eleven cohort studies, including 5 721 077 subjects and 95
490 stroke patients, were included in our study. After pooling the effect
adjusted by multiple confounders, we found that compared with the lowest
baseline TyG index group, the highest one was independently associated with
increased stroke risk (RR: 1.27; 95% CI, 1.24 to 1.29;
I2=6%). Dose-response meta-analysis showed that the
association between the two variables had a non-linear trend
(p-nonlinearity<0.0001; p-heterogeneity=0.28). Subgroup analysis
showed that the risk of ischemic stroke was positively correlated with TyG index
(RR: 1.48; 95% CI, 1.34 to 1.62; I2=15%),
while we did not observe this correlation in hemorrhagic stroke patients. In
patients with type 2 diabetes and acute coronary syndrome, the TyG index was
linearly correlated with incident strokes. In conclusion, elevated TyG index is
the independent risk factor for incident strokes (especially ischemic
stroke).
Assessment of Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter and Its Postoperative Regression among Patients Undergoing Brain Tumor Resection in a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Kalim Zikrullah , Siddiqui Obaid Ahmed , Nadeem Abu , Hasan Muazzam , Rashid Hassan
Published: March 2022

Introduction Bedside measurement of optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) using ultrasonography (USG) is a useful method for detecting raised intracranial pressure (ICP). The primary and main objective of this study is to estimate ONSD among patients with brain tumor and its regression post tumor resection to assess the correlation as well as diagnostic accuracy of the same.

Materials and Methods This prospective observational study was performed in a tertiary health care center over a span of 3 months on 68 adults of either sex, out of which 30 were nonneurosurgical patients, taken as control group. Rest 38 were neurosurgical patients posted for brain tumor resection. Normal ONSD in our population was determined by calculating average ONSD using transorbital USG in individuals of control group. ONSD in neurosurgical patients taken as case group was recorded before surgery, intraoperatively immediately post tumor resection, as well as 12 and 24 hours post surgery. These values were analyzed to see the correlation of ONSD with tumor resection.

Results The mean (±standard deviation) binocular ONSD in our population was 4.28 ± 0.28 mm. The mean preoperative binocular ONSD in cases using transorbital USG came out to be 5.43 ± 0.37 mm with 88.23% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Postoperatively, transorbital ONSD showed significant regression at 12 and 24 hours as compared with preoperative values (p-value < 0.05).

Conclusion Transorbital ultrasonographic measurement of ONSD could be considered as an indirect indicator of ICP in neurosurgical patients perioperatively. The technique is quick to perform at bedside, feasible in critical patients, and without any harmful effects.
Developing a Screening Tool for Mental Health Professionals for Measuring Intimate Partner Violence among Women with Mental Illness at Tertiary Care Setting
Authors: Vranda Mysore Narasimha , Kumar Channaveerachari Naveen , Janardhana Navaneetham
Published: March 2022

Background Intimate partner violence (IPV) is the major public health issue seen in all cultures. Mental health professionals play a significant role in screening IPV and providing needed care and support to the survivors. There is a dearth of scale to measure comprehensively different dimensions of violence. The study aimed to develop a screening tool for measuring IPV among women with mental illness (WwMI) in India.

Methods The newly developed IPV scale was administered to 200 WwMI at a tertiary care hospital.

Results The factor analysis revealed four factors constituted 67.15% of the variance. The internal consistency Cronbach's α (0.92) and split-half reliability coefficient value (0.80) for the final 31-item IPV scale were found to be highly adequate and reliable.

Conclusion Psychometric properties of scale found to be an effective tool for screening IPV among WwMI by mental health professionals and planning effective intervention strategies to prevent the IPV.
Validation and Diagnostic Accuracy of Hindi Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS-H) Screening Tool
Authors: Sharma Agrata , Singh Ruchi , Rai Nirendra Kumar
Published: March 2022

Background Restless legs syndrome (RLS), a prevalent and treatable entity, has high impact on quality of life, requiring a better screening tool for its early detection. Thus, present study aimed to derive a Hindi RLS (RLS-H) screening tool for its use in Indian population.

Materials and Methods RLS-H screening tool, derived by translating first four criteria of 2012 revised International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group (IRLSSG) diagnostic criteria in Hindi and was validated in 50 RLS and 50 non-RLS patients. This validated RLS-H tool was used to screen 1,066 patients attending neurology clinic for assessing its diagnostic accuracy. Internal consistency, discriminatory validity, and various diagnostic yields were calculated. IRLSSG was used as gold standard for final diagnosis of RLS.

Results RLS-H screening tool had an internal consistency of 0.910. No correlation was found between RLS-H screening tool and Epworth sleepiness scale, Pittsburgh sleep quality index, or International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group rating scale indicating satisfactory discriminant validity. Prevalence of RLS was 13.6%. The question (Q)1 had highest sensitivity (97.9%) and Q4 had highest specificity (92.66%). Thus, its combinations (Q1 + Q4) along with addition of Q2 or Q3 were compared for best combination of diagnostic accuracy. A minimum cutoff value of RLS-H screening tool was 2.5 for considering patients requiring detailed RLS evaluation.

Conclusion RLS-H screening tool can be used as a screening tool for early detection of RLS among susceptible patients. Patients answering “yes” to more than two questions (cutoff = 2.5) or “yes” to Q1 and Q4 should be interviewed and assessed for RLS.
Rate of Posterior Capsule Rupture in Phacoemulsification Cataract Surgery by Residents with Institution of a Wet Laboratory Course
Authors: Jeang Lauren J. , Liechty Jacob J. , Powell Asyvia , Schwartz Christopher , DiSclafani Mark , Drucker Mitchell D. , McDowell William M.
Published: March 2022

Purpose To determine if a structured surgical wet laboratory curriculum for ophthalmology residents reduced the rate of posterior capsule rupture (PCR) in phacoemulsification cataract surgery.

Setting James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL.

Design Retrospective cohort study.

Methods The study assessed resident-performed phacoemulsification cataract cases from 2011 to 2017, after the creation of a wet laboratory course. Primary outcome measure was PCR. If present, timing of complication, dropped lens fragments, and the need for anterior vitrectomies were noted. Self-reported rates of PCR prior to institution of a wet laboratory course (2010–2011) were compared with cases done by residents who completed the course (2011–2017).

Results A total of 3,445 cases were reviewed of which 2.44% (84 cases) noted PCR. Of these, 19% (16) had dropped lens fragments, and 60.7% (51) required anterior vitrectomy. Sixty-nine cases documented timing of PCR with the majority, 58%, occurring during phacoemulsification. When comparing rates of PCR in cases done prior to the presence of a wet laboratory course versus after, there was a significant reduction observed (5.20% before vs. 2.44% after).

Conclusion In the presence of a wet laboratory curriculum, the rate of PCR decreased dramatically. The average rate was lower than those reported at other training programs (2.6–9.9%). Most PCR occurred during phacoemulsification, suggesting need for further focused instruction in this step.
Computed Tomographic Features of Non-Lame French Bulldog Elbows
Authors: Mella Stephanie , Dirrig Helen , Meeson Richard L.
Published: March 2022

Objective French Bulldogs are predisposed to humeral condylar fractures. Computed tomography (CT) in English Springer Spaniel elbows has allowed identification of humeral intracondylar fissures (HIF), which can cause lameness and predispose to condylar fractures. This study aimed to evaluate CT characteristics of non-lame French Bulldog elbows, to determine the presence of underlying elbow disease.

Study Design Retrospective evaluation of CT images from elbows of non-lame French Bulldogs from scans obtained for soft tissue or neurological evaluation was performed. Images were evaluated for the presence of HIF and other elbow abnormalities: condylar and supracondylar remodelling, humeral condylar sclerosis, elbow incongruency, medial coronoid process disease and elbow osteoarthritis. Descriptive statistics were performed.

Results Computed tomographic scans from 37 dogs (74 elbows) were reviewed. No HIF were identified, although 28/74 elbows had an intracondylar sclerotic band. Medial coronoid process disease was noted in 16/74 elbows, and small osteophytes were present in 21/74 elbows, suggesting a degree of subclinical elbow disease. Widening of the caudolateral aspect of the radial incisure was identified (37/74) as a breed normal. Elbow incongruency was otherwise rare.

Conclusion Non-lame French Bulldogs showed a low prevalence of occult elbow disease but a proportion had radial incisure widening. Although humeral intracondylar sclerosis was present in over a third of dogs, no HIF were identified and therefore no clear cause for their increased risk of humeral condylar fracture was identified.
Statistical framework picks out starting dates and possible triggers of COVID-19 waves
Authors: Piccone Ashley
Published: March 2022

Combining surveillance data, nonlinear regression, and information criteria to make a statistical model of pandemic waves
Ultra-compact nonvolatile plasmonic phase change modulators and switches with dual electrical–optical functionality
Authors: Gosciniak Jacek
Published: March 2022

Programmable photonic integrated circuits (PICs) are the foundation of on-chip optical technologies, with the optical modulators being one of the main building blocks of such programmable PICs. However, most of the available modulators suffer from high power consumption, low response time, and large footprint. Additionally, they show a large resistance modulation; thus, they require high switching voltage. In consequence, they operate much above CMOS-compatible voltages of 1.2 V and with high insertion losses. Furthermore, the state and information they carry are lost once the power is turned off—so, they are volatile. Thus, realizing modulators and phase shifters that overcome all those problems still remains a challenge. To overcome some of those limitations, the nonvolatile phase change materials implemented in the plasmonic structures are proposed that can offer many advantages as result of high electric field interaction with nonvolatile materials. Consequently, novel plasmonic nonvolatile switches proposed here can operate by phase modulation, absorption modulation, or both and under zero-static power. For the first time, the nonvolatile phase modulator is proposed that requires only 230 nm long active waveguide to attain full π phase delay with an insertion loss below even 0.12 dB. Simultaneously, under the requirements, it can operate as an amplitude modulator with an extinction ratio exceeding 2.2 dB/μm while the insertion losses are kept below 0.185 dB/μm. Furthermore, the heating mechanism can be based on the external heaters, internal heaters, electrical (memory) switching, or optical switching mechanism, which provide a lot of flexibility in terms of a design and requirements.
3D spatial resolution characterization for volumetric computed tomography
Authors: Lv Mengyang , Chen Shuzhen , Xu Wenjiang
Published: March 2022

Spatial resolution is a key parameter that determines the smallest resolved scale in volumetric computed tomography. However, the evaluation process is typically confined within a plane, and tomographic resolution is usually treated as a two dimensional concept. In this work, the full map of three-dimensional (3D) spatial resolution along radial directions was obtained through combined volumetric laser induced fluorescence measurement on a well-controlled test rig, tomographic reconstruction, and successive resolution analysis. The results show non-uniformly distributed spatial resolution and weak dependence on view angles. Moreover, both experimental and algorithmic factors on spatial resolution were quantitatively quantified. The convergence of the spatial resolution was then validated through a series of computation with increasing voxel numbers. It is found that the spatial resolution improves until the number of voxels reaches ∼19.6 times as much the value set by the linear algebraic limit. The ultimate spatial resolution that can be obtained with our setup is about 1.35 lp/mm, which is twice the value of a well-posed system. The results show that the method of this work is more appropriate to quantify spatial resolution in 3D space. The conclusions made in this work can be generalized for applications with other tomography-based measurements.
A time–energy uncertainty relation in chemical thermodynamics
Authors: Tanabe Katsuaki
Published: March 2022

An analogy between the thermodynamic inequalities presented by Nicholson et al. [Nat. Phys. 16, 1211 (2020)] and by Yoshimura and Ito [Phys. Rev. Res. 3, 013175 (2021)] is discussed. As a result, a time–energy uncertainty relation in chemical thermodynamics in terms of Gibbs free energy and chemical potential is derived. It is numerically demonstrated that the uncertainly relation holds in a model system of oscillatory Brusselator reactions. Our result bridges the thermodynamic time–information uncertainty relation and free energy evolution in chemical reactions.
Breakdown characteristics of combined air gaps under lightning impulse
Authors: Wu Shaocheng , Wang Linong , Gao Jiachen , Xie Cheng , Liu Lei , Wang Tingting , Li Enwen
Published: March 2022

With the increase of both voltage level and the transmission capacity, more attention has been paid to the external insulation of transmission lines. As the main external insulation medium of transmission line, the air gap’s dielectric strength will change when there are floating conductors. In this paper, we established an experiment platform to study the effects of floating conductors, simulated by floating rod electrode, on breakdown voltage, breakdown time, electric field distribution and discharge physical process of long air gaps under lightning impulse. The results showed that the intervention of floating electrode reduced the breakdown voltage and breakdown time of long air gaps, and the position with the longest breakdown time was the same as the position with the lowest breakdown voltage. In addition, the intervention of floating electrode improved the spatial electric field and complexity of discharge physical process.
Laser-Assisted Fabrication of Polymers by Pushing Down the Limit of Resolution
Authors: Kumar Avinash , Panda Udwesh , Patel Vinay Kumar , Kant Rishi
Published: March 2022

This chapter deals with the latest manufacturing process, especially laser-based manufacturing of polymers with/without surface texturing, for their use in various fields of interest. Lasers have diverse applications in the fabrication of polymers. Lasers can be used from dry etching to soft lithography. This chapter is limited to exploration up to the fabrication of 3D micro/nanostructures in polymers using lasers. The wettability and optical response of these micro-textured polymers can easily be tuned through exposure to a laser of suitable wavelengths. Moreover, laser-assisted manufacturing can help produce extremely complex shapes. It is an excellent choice for functional prototypes, thermal applications, and end-use parts. Although laser-based manufacturing has many advantages that no other manufacturing process possesses, this process is not widely used or recommended. This chapter also extends the discussion to the issues/limitations with laser-based manufacturing and the type of materials being used. At the end, there shall be a discussion on the applications and scope of laser-assisted fabrication of polymers.
Recent Advances in Fabrication and Characterization of Nanofiller Filled Epoxy Nanocomposites
Authors: Bheemappa Suresha , Gurumurthy Hemanth
Published: March 2022

Novel nanofillers such as silicon dioxide, clay, potassium titanate whiskers, carbon nanotubes, and graphene have been considered fascinating over a long period of time due to their intrinsic mechanical, tribological, thermal, and electrical properties. The incorporation of a very small weight fraction of these nanofillers into epoxy matrices has led to the development of a series of novel nanocomposites with improved mechanical, tribological, and electrical properties. This work presents next generation advancements in the fabrication and in mechanical properties as well as for other potential applications of these nanocomposites. Recent research has affirmed that these nanocomposites are promising materials with applications ranging in specific domains like automotive systems, biomedical systems, sensors, electromagnetic interference shielding, etc. In addition to clay–epoxy polymer nanocomposites, this article presents the synergistic impact of hybrid nanofillers on the properties of hybrid composite systems. Finally, some technical problems associated with the development of these mono and hybrid nanocomposites are discussed.
Recent Trends in the Manufacturing of Reduced Graphene Oxide Modified Epoxy Nanocomposites as Advanced Functional Material
Authors: Kesarwani Shivi , Patel Vinay Kumar , Singh Vijay Kumar , Verma Rajesh Kumar
Published: March 2022

Graphene material has taken center stage in the current decade and has become a new subject of investigation, growth, and commercialization in the manufacturing sector due to enhanced properties. Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is a derivative of the graphene family. It significantly improves the electrical and mechanical properties when added in small proportions into polymer matrices. It is used as an advanced functional nanocomposite in aircrafts, sensors, battery applications, energy devices, automotive components, etc. Carbon fiber–reinforced polymer composites (CFRPs) that exhibit exceptional mechanical properties, such as good tensile and compressive strength, high fatigue resistivity, and better Young's modulus are mostly exploited in several structural functions. They are especially used in the aerospace industry because they are high performing, light weight, and environmentally friendly. However, machining CFRPs often cause damage like high tool wear, cracks, matrix debonding, and fiber pull-out and entail the risk of composite delamination. However, the most severe damage is delamination, which may be responsible for the rejection of 60% of the parts manufactured in aircraft trade. Therefore, this chapter aims to discuss the manufacturing challenges and the progress made in effecting improvements related to the machinability aspect of carbon/polymer nanocomposites. Also, this work explains the mechanics behind machining induced damage like delamination, cracks, matrix smearing, etc., and the development of various mathematical models to minimize these defects during machining.
Identification of a Decedent in a 103-Year-Old Homicide Case Using Forensic Anthropology and Genetic Genealogy
Authors: Michael Amy R. , Blatt Samantha H. , Isa Mariyam , Redgrave Anthony , Ubelaker Douglas H.
Published: March 2022

Anthropologists are often the custodians of long-term unidentified human remains though their positions as curators of university or museum skeletal collections. Various factors decrease the solvability of these legacy cases including the passage of time, the loss of provenience for specific cases, and lack of documentation or case records. While anthropologists can contribute important information toward identification, it is often necessary to explore novel and cross-disciplinary strategies to resolve difficult cold cases.

In long cold cases, the postmortem interval, in particular, may be difficult to estimate leading to further challenges in achieving identification. Modern advances in radiocarbon bomb pulse dating, isotope analysis, and actualistic studies have contributed to positive identification of unidentified human remains in some legacy cases, but may not be available to all forensic practitioners and law enforcement from resource-poor agencies. Pooling resources, as well as collaborating with professionals outside of forensic anthropology, is a useful strategy to pursue when anthropological methods are exhausted.The case study presented here demonstrates a collaborative approach between forensic anthropologists, forensic genetic genealogists, and law enforcement in a century-old homicide. The dismembered and mummified parts of a male body were recovered in a remote cave in 1979 and again in 1991. Despite forensic anthropologists creating and updating the biological profile over the decades from recovery to present, no identification was made until the application of forensic genetic genealogy (FGG) to the case in 2019. New interpretations of bone microstructure and trauma analysis are presented for the case, alongside the historical documentation and “proof of life” evidence used by the genealogy team. A review of the FGG methods underscores the challenges in this case (e.g. significant endogamy, multiple aliases used by the victim) and the steps taken toward resolution. Ultimately, a combined anthropology and genealogy approach resulted in a confirmed identity for a man who was murdered in 1916. Key PointsForensic scientists should leverage a collaborative, interdisciplinary approach toward human identification.When combined with forensic anthropology methods, forensic genetic genealogy is a valuable tool linking biological and cultural-historical aspects of identity.Forensic anthropologists should review challenging cases in their labs as new methods are introduced and new resources become available.
Investigating microwave absorption properties of cnf-ferric oxide nanocomposite
Authors: M Namratha , Mouli Bhaskar D , Nisha M. S.
Published: March 2022

Microwave absorbing materials plays a crucial role in reducing pollution created due to the electromagnetic radiation and several defence applications. This paper reports about the microwave absorption property of combined form of Carbon Nano fibres (CNF) and Ferric Oxide Nano powder (Fe2O3). Ferric Oxide Nano powder is deposited on the fibres of CNF using hydrothermal autoclave method. The samples of CNF- Ferric Oxide Nano powder with different weight percentages is fabricated and the microstructure and microwave absorbing properties are studied. By varying the amount of CNF and Ferric Oxide Nano powder the microwave absorbing and electromagnetic properties are modulated. For investigating the synergistic effects between CNF and ferric powders, different mass ratios of CNF to ferric oxide Nano powder have been synthesized and helped in enhancement of the effect between the magnetic loss and dielectric loss to achieve high microwave absorption. These results might be inspiration for the future to create microwave absorbing materials which are light weight.
Fabrication of cellular structures in thermoplastic polyurethane matrix using carbonaceous nanofillers
Authors: Nair Adwaita SR , Mandal Subhash , Roy Debmalya , EswaraPrasad N.
Published: March 2022

In the present study, we have synthesized, graphene oxide (GO) by using modified Hummer’s method and reduced graphene oxide(rGO) by using hydrazine hydrate as reducing agent. Since GO and rGO have high surface area and modification of surface is easier, they produce drastic changes in the matrix properties at a very low loading volume. Oxygen functionalities further allow increased interaction with polar polymer composites. Modified hummers method is the most commonly and widely used method of chemical reduction to synthesis graphene oxide as it is rapid and safe. Unlike other method, it is less hazardous and requires less reaction time. Sulfuric acid was used to disperse graphite and NaNO3 and KMNO4 as oxidizing agent. The use of KMNO4 instead of KClO3 reduced the chances of ClO2 explosion and also accelerated the reaction. Characterization of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide was done using XRD, SEM, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy and TGA. The synthesized GO and rGO were used as nanofillers for the synthesis of polyurethane nanocomposite. Thermoplastic polyurethane is biodegradable and thus polyurethane nanocomposites have wide application. PU nanocomposites were prepared using thermo-chemical solvent mixing method and their microstructures were investigated using various characterization techniques.
Effect of annealing on the structural and optical properties of pristine and cerium doped calcium tungstate nanoparticles synthesized via hydrothermal method
Authors: Nagarajan C , Monesh Kumar S , Annie Sujatha R , Mani Rahulan K. , Little Flower Angeline
Published: March 2022

The work is an investigation of the effect of annealing temperature on pristine and rare earth doped CaWO4 nanoparticles with hydrothermal route. The sample was annealed at two varied temperatures 800 ºC and 1200 ºC for 5 h. The structural analysis reveals the reduction in the broadening of the peaks as a result of annealing. Surface morphology shows the formation of agglomerated structures. In Ce3+:CaWO4 nanoparticles the morphology is modified to dumbbell like and flake like structures after annealing. Raman shift observed at 909 cm−1 Ag modes confirms the presence of CaWO4 nanoparticles with its own rotational and vibrationalmodes. Increase in the absorption peak intensity and a double absorption edge appears as an intermediate energy level state after the inclusion of Ce3+ ion as dopant.
Synthesis,growth, spectral, optical and thermal studies of phthalate strontium nitrate hydrochloric acid (PASNHCL) single crystal
Authors: Surya S , Dheenadhayalan S , Surya L , Ramesh V , Gunasekaran B
Published: March 2022

In present investigation, the nonlinear optical single crystal of phthalic acid strontium nitrate hydrochloric acid (PASNHCL) was grown by the solution evaporation method from a mixture of an aqueous solution at room temperature. The grown PASNHCL crystals crystalline nature, cell parameters, functional groups, and elemental compositions were characterized by PXRD, UV-Vis-NIR, FTIR, FT-Raman, EDX, and Thermal analysis.The PXRD analysis shows the PASNHCL crystal has good crystalline nature. Single crystal XRD confirmed that the grown crystal belonged to the orthorhombic system with space group of P222with alattice parameters a = 6.785 Å, b = 7.420 Å, c = 11.637 Åand volume 585.86 Å3. UV-Vis-NIR spectrum study reveals that the lower cut off wavelength was found to be 333 nm and the crystal has good optical transparency. The presence of functional groups was identified by FTIR spectrum. The Thermogravimetric analysis curves confirms melting point of the grown PASNHCL is 233.17 C. Itis interesting to note that PASNHCL [Sr+(C8H7N2O10)Cl−] single crystal has a greatly resourceful second harmonic generation (SHG) material for Optoelectronics applications.
STRUCTURAL, OPTICAL AND ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF NANOCRYSTALLINE NICKEL OXIDE THIN FILMS PREPARED BY HYDROTHERMAL AND SOL-GEL METHODS
Authors: Kaliyaperumal Ajaijawahar , Nivin T S , Karthikeyan B , Periyasamy Gokuladeepan
Published: March 2022

The present work focuses on the comparison of the structural, optical and electrical properties nickel oxide thin films synthesized by hydrothermal and sol-gel methods and their characterizations. The films obtained from both methods are having a cubic crystal lattice. The morphological studies have shown that the films are having a uniform coverage with nanocrystalline grains. The NiO film obtained through the sol-gel method possess an optical band gap of 2.86 eV and its electrical resistance tends to decrease from 2.64GΩ to 11MΩ with an increase in temperature (RT to 150°C). The hydrothermally obtained film has an optical band gap of 3.14 eV and its electrical resistance change from 6.83GΩ to 3.86GΩ with an increase in temperature.
Synthesis and characterization ZnO nanoparticles using sol-gel method and their antibacterial study
Authors: Vignesh K , Nair Anju S , Udhayakeerthana C. , Kalaivani T.
Published: March 2022

Zinc oxide nanoparticles were prepared using the sol-gel method. Zinc is one of the most important elements in living organisms and similarly zinc derived compounds have attracted much attention because of their applications in various fields like agricultural, medicinal, industrial, etc. These nanoparticles have piezoelectric, semiconducting, photocatalytic activities, and very high surface area. Also, they possess the unique property of being biodegradable and biocompatible. To synthesize the pure ZnO nanoparticles, zinc nitrate hexahydrate [Zn(NO3)2.6H20] is used as the precursor. Sol-gel can be done either in an aqueous or non-aqueous medium. But in this work, the ZnO nanoparticles are prepared in the aqueous medium (i.e in water) at room temperature. The prepared zinc oxide nanoparticles are characterized using X-ray diffraction to determine their crystallinity and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is used to study the morphology of the sample.
TREMOR CLASSIFICATION USING WEARABLE IOT BASED SENSORS
Authors: Brindha A. , Sunitha K.A. , Robert Wilson S.
Published: March 2022

Tremors, a significant symptom of movement disorder, affects a part of the body ranging from slight to severe. These Tremors are symptoms of various neurological diseases such as Parkinson’s disease (PD), Essential tremors (ET), Physiological tremors (PT), Cerebellar tremor, Dystonic tremor, Psychogenic tremor, and many more. Tremor features and types differ for various neurological disorders. During the early stages of the disease, clinical examination of tremors plays a significant role in diagnose management. This work aims to develop a wearable assistive system with an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) sensor to classify the tremor of three different neurological disorders based on the tremor position and frequency. This research has been carried out in SRM Medical college and Research Centre with 15 patients. The type of neurodegenerative disease of the subject with tremor is evaluated based on the tremor position and tremor frequency level. The data is collected, transmitted, and processed using the IMU sensor with Internet of things (IoT) and Node MCU board. The decision tree algorithm is used for the classification of tremors. ET, PD, and PT tremors are classified based on the tremor frequency and tremor position. A high rate of accuracy is achieved for the developed system when compared with the Neurologist results. The proposed device quantitatively classified the tremor based on the frequency and position among the three different neurological disorders, i.e., ET, PD, and PT tremors.
Design and Fabrication of Knee Implant
Authors: Pradhan S.K. , Mishra Abhinav , Mishra Manoranjan , Kedia Vedant , Kumar Satyam , Kour P.
Published: March 2022

Stiffness, pain and impaired movement at various joints of the body are common with ageing and increase of obesity. The musculoskeletal chronic disorder causes such effect is named as rheumatoid osteoarthritis(OAs). Data shows that disease-Adjusted life years (DALYs) due to musculoskeletal disorder increases from 11.8% in 2000 to 13.5% in 2015.According to United Nations, by 2050, 20% of the world population will grow aged above 60 years of which 15% will account for symptomatic OAs, one-third will be severely disabled. Knee implants have been designed to replace the damaged part. Various designs and fabrications have been done to reduce its weight, flexibility and biocompatibility needs. This article is to highlight the use of new material or impart nanoparticle mixing with conventional ones for the design of knee implants so that it can be cost effective, light weight, to meet required balance strength, flexible and non-inflammatory. Hence, knee implant’s computational and analytical design for different material is done to compare different parameters.
Graphene Oxide based Gas Sensor for Triethylamine Detection at Room Temperature
Authors: Abbas Haidar , Marappan Gobinath , Chidabaram, David , Govindasamy Shiva , Jayaraman Surya Velappa , Sivalingam Yuvaraj
Published: March 2022

We have developed a graphene oxide (GO) based sensor to detect triethylamine at room temperature. GO is synthesized by modified Hummer’s method and spin-coated on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate. Structural and morphological characterizations of GO are done by XRD and FE-SEM. Sheet-like morphology of GO is observed in FESEM images. The existence of defects is confirmed by Raman spectra with a ID/IG ratio ∼ 0.94. Gas adsorption studies are carried out using scanning Kelvin probe system with various volatile organic compounds (VOCs) like ethanol, acetone, n-hexane and triethylamine. Among them, GO shows more contact potential difference (CPD) response towards triethylamine. Then, a gas sensor device is fabricated using GO and its electrical characterization is done by I-V measurements. The device shows ohmic behavior with a resistance of ∼ 50 MΩ. Thereafter, the sensor is exposed to triethylamine from 19 to 151 ppm and the sensitivity is 1.39 x 10−4 ppm−1. Interestingly, a fast response time of 11 sec is achieved at room temperature.
Disparate result of Adsorptive removal of Fluoride using Manganese oxide-coated Nano y-alumina oxide used with a different ratio.
Authors: Choudhary Diksha , Tanwar Deepika , Gupta Dinesh , Singh Pradeep , Raizada Pankaj , Singh Archana
Published: March 2022

On exposure of the human body to drinking water containing fluoride in concentrations more than the permissible limit is very harmful to the human body. The discharge of mineral sediments and industrial effluent contaminants containing fluoride in groundwater may cause severe health problems like arthritis, skeletal fluorosis, and so on. Fluoride is beneficial in drinking water at a level up to 0.5 mg/l but is harmful above 1.5 mg/l. Herein, we report a novel nano alumina-supported manganese oxide as an efficient adsorbent that can remove fluoride up to 90% from water. The nano adsorbent was obtained by a precipitation method that was characterized using XRD, FESEM, and BET. XRD and BET results confirmed the formation of manganese oxide- Al2O3 composite with a surface area of 128 m2/g. Batch adsorption studies revealed 36 mg/g fluoride adsorption capacity for the developed composite nano adsorbent.
Enhanced Thermoelectric Power Generation Using Buck –Boost Converter
Authors: Jame Lourdu , Retna Kumar Joselin , Perumal Suresh , Jeyashree
Published: March 2022

Energy generated in the vehicles depend on the engine and the fuel intake. But usually two thirds of the fuel added to the vehicle, which is, car, trucks bus etc. gets wasted as heat. The energy wasted as heat from areas like engine block, radiator, exhaust pipe engine coolant side and so on. So, to recover the waste heat as usable electrical energy back to the vehicle, Thermoelectric Generator (TEG) can be effectively utilized and its output power could be enhanced by connecting with buck boost converter. Here TEG with coupled inductor is used which produces smooth output with less ripples. TEG is placed in the engine exhaust of the vehicle and the output is connected with buck boost with coupled inductor converter so as to enhance the output voltage. Simulation using Comsol of single stage TEG without Buckboost converter produces an output of 6V.Interestingly TEG with Hotside temperature of 500K and coldside temperature of 300K with 127 legs is connected with buck boost converter with coupled inductor produces the output of 12 V and 0.65 mA is obtained to drive PIR sensor. Moreover in this paper Modified Maximum power point tracker (MPPT) algorithm is proposed to further improve the energy harvesting.
First Order Hyper polarizability and Intramolecular Charge Transfer of N-Ethyl-N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-4-(4-Nitrophenylazo) Aniline for Photonic Applications
Authors: Raaghul B. , Kannan M.R. , Vijayakumar T.
Published: March 2022

We report a computational methodology for estimating the first order hyperpolarizability ((3) of N-ethyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-(4-nitrophenylazo) aniline, a nonlinear optical (NLO) chromophore being used as anazobenzene dye. The planar and non-planar structures of N-ethyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-(4-nitrophenylazo) aniline were optimized by B3LYP/6-311++G (D,P) basis set using GAUSSIAN’09W program package. The dipole moment, static polarizability, first order hyperpolarizability were studied using HF/6-31G (D) basis set. The (3 value of the planar and non-planar structure of N-ethyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-(4-nitrophenylazo) aniline is 196 and 124 times higher than that of urea standard, respectively, which qualify both of the novel molecular systems as highly efficient for second order NLO applications and adds evidence to the importance of derealization of ^-electrons in a system for effective second order NLO processes. Experiments were also performed using an Nd-YAG laser of pulses in the range of 5-10 nanoseconds with a tunable peak power of 4.7 W.
Bandgap Engineering of TiO2 as Visible light Photocatalyst with Pd Doping Using First Principles
Authors: Angeline Dorothy A. , Panigrahi Puspamitra
Published: March 2022

Doping of Anatase TiO2 is a successful method to facilitate its photocatalytic activity to shift to the visible region. While noble metals in general can effectively slow down carrier recombination, the study of Pd doping in anatase TiO2 can unravel its potential as a visible light photocatalyst. Our first principles study indicate that the electronic structure is altered by the Pd 3d orbitals and bandgap narrowing is successively increased as dopant concentration of Pd is increased from 4.17% to 8.33% to 12.5%.Charge density plots of the doped systems indicate an electron cloud over the Pd- O bond which is now more covalent. In the visible region, absorption coefficient of Pd doped TiO2 supercell is around 1.2 x 10−5cm−1 which is comparatively greater than that of pure TiO2 confirming its utility as a versatile and viable visible light photocatalyst.