bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis and management of factor XI alloinhibitors in patients with congenital factor XI deficiency—A large single‐centre experience
Authors: Kamel Kirollos Salah , Riddell Anne , Jradeh Bilal , Jaslowska Ewa , Gomez Keith
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Factor (F) XI deficiency is an inherited bleeding disorder with increased prevalence in Ashkenazi Jews where it is mainly caused by two variants, p.Glu135* (type II, leading to a null allele) and p.Phe301Leu (type III, missense variant). Inhibitor development is rare, and only seen in severe FXI deficiency (<20 IU/dL) upon exposure to plasma‐based products. We report our experience of a large cohort of patients with severe FXI deficiency, including seven patients who developed FXI alloinhibitors, their presentation, natural history and subsequent perioperative management.

Methods

A single‐centre retrospective database review of patients with FXI deficiency, including those who have subsequently developed inhibitors, and extraction of clinical, laboratory and genotype data, including operative management records.

Results

A total of 682 patients were identified with FXI deficiency, of whom 113 had FXI < 20 IU/dL and 42 had FXI ≤ 1 IU/dL. Factor XI inhibitors were seen in seven patients, six of whom were homozygous for the type II variant (prevalence of inhibitor with this genotype of 30%, risk of inhibitor upon plasma exposure 50%). FXI inhibitors were not seen, despite similar exposures, in patients with other genotypes. No alteration in bleeding phenotype occurred after inhibitor development and subsequent surgery was managed on 13 occasions with recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa), including low doses (15–30 µg/kg), with good haemostasis. The inhibitor spontaneously disappeared in four of seven patients over 1–22 years.

Conclusion

FXI inhibitors were only observed in severe FXI deficient patients homozygous for p.Glu135* (null allele) upon plasma or FXI concentrate exposure, with a 30% prevalence. The bleeding phenotype was not altered and inhibitors may disappear with time. Adequate haemostasis in the perioperative setting is achievable with low doses of rFVIIa.
Investigating the relationship between individualized care, patient satisfaction and trust in nurses through structural equation modelling
Authors: Bilenler Zeynep Kevser , Ates Sebahat
Published: July 2024

Introductions

The aim of this study was to demonstrate the impact of individualized nursing care on patient satisfaction and trust in nurses through structural equation modelling in patients receiving treatment in internal clinics.

Methods

The study is a descriptive, exploratory and cross‐sectional research conducted with patients receiving treatment in the internal admission services of an educational research hospital between January and April 2023. According to sample calculations, it was determined that a minimum of 238 patients needed to be included in the study, and 286 patients who met the inclusion criteria and agreed to participate in the research formed the study sample. Data were collected using the ‘Patient Identification Form’, ‘Individualized Care Scale‐Patient Version’, ‘Newcastle Nursing Care Satisfaction Scale’ and the ‘Trust in Nurses Scale’.

Results

The level of awareness of nursing actions supporting individuality was found to be 2.71 ± 0.99, the level of perceiving individuality was 2.88 ± 0.99, the average level of nursing care satisfaction measured 77.17 ± 12.67 and the average level of trust in nurses was 21.92 ± 3.04. It was determined that as patients' awareness of nursing actions supporting individuality and their perception of individuality in care increased, they remained more satisfied with their care and had greater trust in nurses.

Conclusions

Patients who perceived receiving individualized care were found to have higher levels of patient satisfaction and trust in nurses. Additionally, it was observed that as participants' satisfaction with their care increased, their trust in nurses also increased.
The diabetic sausage toe: Prevalence, presentation and outcomes
Authors: Yammine Kaissar , Mouawad Joseph , Abou Orm Ghadi , Assi Chahine , Hayek Fady
Published: July 2024

Osteomyelitis (OM) in diabetic foot infection could have many presentations such as an infected ulcer spreading to the bone or superimposed to Charcot neuroarthropathy. However, the sausage toe as a diabetic OM presentation was very rarely investigated; therefore, this study aims to assess the prevalence and signs of this presentation along with treatment modalities and outcomes. This is a retrospective series of patients presenting a sausage toe on admission. Several methods were conducted to diagnose OM, and three treatment modalities were applied. Two groups were compared: acute and chronic sausage toes. Outcomes were defined as sausage toe prevalence, ulcer location, OM prevalence, and comparative treatment results. Out of 82 diabetic toe infection cases, 24 (30%) presented as ‘sausage toe’. The side of the proximal interphalangeal joint of the lateral toes was the most frequent ulcer location (50%), mostly on the dorsal aspect followed by the side aspect. There were 15 (62.5%) acute cases and 9 (37.5%) chronic cases. MRI showed signs of OM in 21 (87.5%) cases and signs of septic arthritis in 3 (12.5%) cases. At the final follow‐up, a successful treatment was recorded in five (20%) cases with antibiotics alone. Out of the 19 (42%) procedures, conservative surgery was performed successfully in 8 (58%) cases while amputation was needed in 11 (45.8%) cases. There was no significant difference in amputation frequency between acute and chronic groups. This is the first study documenting the sausage toe as a prevalent presentation of diabetic toe infection. The deformity is conclusive of deep infection with a very high osteomyelitis frequency. Surgery is often required for infection control and healing, mainly for chronic cases, and treatment outcomes did not differ between acute and chronic sausage toe groups. It could be beneficial to include this entity in the diabetic wound classification systems.
Comparison of the wound healing and complications of zipper type closure adhesive tape and stapler for surgical wound suture: A randomized control, single‐centre, open‐label trial
Authors: Jung Gyoohwan , Song Sang Hun , Kim Bo Ri , Shin Jae Moon , Huh Chang‐Hun , Lee Sangchul
Published: July 2024

Xkin closure is a newly developed medical suture device for lacerations and surgical wounds that can reduce scarring, pain and the risk of infection compared with conventional sutures or staplers. A randomized controlled study was performed to compare the wound healing effects and complications of Xkin closure with stapler closure. Fifty patients who underwent robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer were randomly assigned. Only the wound above the navel, which was extended to take out the prostate was targeted. The wound was examined at 2, 6 and 12 weeks after surgery, and the modified Vancouver Scar Scale (mVSS), scar height and side effects were assessed with a 3D skin analyser. Forty‐six patients (23 Xkin, 23 Stapler) were analysed. The mVSS scores, vascularity and pliability were significantly lower in the Xkin group compared with the stapler group at the 12‐week follow‐up. No significant differences in the maximum peak and depth of the scars were detected between the two groups using 3D photographs at 12 weeks. Xkin is an effective wound closure method for improving scar outcomes. This method is expected to be widely used for surgical wounds and lacerations caused by trauma in daily life.
Room‐temperature bulk plasticity and tunable dislocation densities in KTaO3
Authors: Fang Xufei , Zhang Jiawen , Frisch Alexander , Preuß Oliver , Okafor Chukwudalu , Setvin Martin , Lu Wenjun
Published: July 2024

We report room‐temperature bulk plasticity mediated by dislocations in single‐crystal cubic potassium tantalate oxide (KTaO3), contrasting the conventional knowledge that single‐crystal KTaO3 is susceptible to brittle fracture. A mechanics‐based combinatorial experimental approach using cyclic Brinell indentation, scratching, and uniaxial bulk compression consistently demonstrates room‐temperature dislocation plasticity in KTaO3 from the mesoscale to the macroscale. This approach also delivers tunable dislocation densities and plastic zone size. Scanning transmission electron microscopy analysis underpins the activated slip system to be <110> {10}. Given the growing significance of KTaO3 as an emerging electronic oxide and the increasing interest in dislocations for tuning the physical properties of oxides, our findings are expected to trigger synergistic research interest in KTaO3 with tunable dislocation densities.
Editorial: For better or for worse? Intended and unintended consequences of science communication
Authors: Gregory Alice M. , Selita Fatos , Kovas Yulia
Published: July 2024

Recently, more effort has been devoted to ensuring that scientific knowledge can be mobilised to make a positive impact on individuals and society. Scientists are encouraged, and even required, to communicate their findings beyond academic circles – to inform interested groups. However, there can be challenges with language use and communicating concepts; interpreting results; and from time pressure to communicate results rapidly. Here, we discuss intended and unintended consequences of science communication. We emphasise the importance of training to achieve these communication skills and working with non‐academic partners – to mitigate potential harm from misinterpreted results and to ensure that science communication is maximally beneficial.
Long‐proboscid horseflies (Philoliche: Tabanidae) as pollinators of co‐adapted plants in Africa and Asia
Authors: Johnson Steven D.
Published: July 2024

Elongated nectar‐feeding mouthparts have evolved in several fly families, most notably Nemestrinidae, Bombyliidae and Tabanidae. Plants pollinated by these “long‐proboscid flies” tend to have relatively specialized pollination systems. In this review, I focus on the blood‐ and nectar‐feeding horsefly genus Philoliche (Tabanidae: Pangoniinae) which includes species that are important pollinators of plants in Africa and, to a lesser extent, in Asia. The nectar‐feeding mouthparts of flower‐visiting Philoliche species range from 5 to 65 mm in length, with considerable intraspecific variation evident in some taxa. Plants pollinated by Philoliche species tend to have corolla tubes (or highly exerted reproductive structures) that match the proboscis dimensions of their pollinators. Some Philoliche species and their nectar host plants show population‐level covariation in proboscis lengths and flower depths that is indicative of co‐adaptation. I summarize existing information on the distribution and morphology of Philoliche species known to pollinate flowers as well as the identity, morphology and nectar properties of plants pollinated by these insects. This survey identifies some Philoliche species as keystone pollinators. Distinct guilds of plants are adapted to different horsefly species in different geographical regions and are generally ecologically reliant on these insects, although some plant species share tabanid and nemestrinid pollinators that are functionally similar on account of convergent evolution of their proboscis dimensions. Lack of information about the larval biology, nectar host plants, fire ecology and dispersal distances of Philoliche species is the biggest challenge for the conservation of these specialized pollinators and the plants that depend on them.
Promoting serious illness conversations in primary care through telehealth among persons living with cognitive impairment
Authors: Gabbard Jennifer L. , Brenes Gretchen A. , Callahan Kathryn E. , Dharod Ajay , Bundy Richa , Foley Kristie L. , Moses Adam , Williamson Jeff D. , Pajewski Nicholas M.
Published: July 2024

Background

serious illness conversations (SIC), particularly for persons living with cognitive impairment (PLCI), inconsistently happen in primary care. Pragmatic, scalable strategies are needed to promote SIC for PLCI.

Design

Pragmatic, prospective single‐arm pilot study that occurred between July 1, 2021 and May 30, 2022 across seven primary care practices in North Carolina.

Participants

Community‐dwelling patients aged 65 and older with known or probable mild cognitive impairment or dementia (with decision‐making capacity) and their care partners (if available).

Intervention

SIC telehealth intervention (TeleVoice) via video or telephone to assist PLCI in discussing their current goals, values, and future medical preferences, while facilitating documentation within the EHR.

Main Outcomes

Main feasibility outcomes included reach/enrollment, intervention completion, and adoption rates at the clinic and provider level. Primary effectiveness outcomes included SIC documentation and quality within the EHR and usage of advance care planning billing (ACP) codes.

Results

Of the 163 eligible PLCI approached, 107 (66%) enrolled (mean age 83.7 years, 68.2% female, 16.8% Black, 22% living in a geographic area of high socioeconomic disadvantage) and 81 (76%) completed the SIC telehealth intervention; 45 care partners agreed to participate (mean age 71.5 years, 80% female). Adoption at clinic level was 50%, while 75% of providers within these clinics participated. Among PLCI that completed the intervention, SIC documentation and usage of ACP billing codes was 100% and 96%, respectively, with 96% (n = 78) having high‐quality SIC documentation. No significant differences were observed between telephone and video visits.

Conclusion

These findings provide preliminary evidence to support the feasibility of conducting SICs through telehealth to specifically meet the needs of community‐dwelling PLCI. Further investigation of the sustainability of the intervention and its long‐term impact on patient and caregiver outcomes is needed.
Using structural topic modeling to understand ethnicity‐related narratives
Authors: Jacobson Rachel , Westberg Dulce Wilkinson , Chou Edward , Syed Moin , Weston Sara J.
Published: July 2024

Objective

Narrative identity is a promising approach for understanding the content of individuals' ethnic identities but can be limited by the time‐intensive nature of human coding and the reliance on preestablished coding systems.

Background

The aim of our preregistered study is to elucidate the content of individuals' ethnicity‐related experiences using a novel statistical approach.

Method

We applied structural topic modeling (STM), a natural language processing tool, to narratives written by an ethnically diverse sample of 1149 young adults about a moment they felt aware of their ethnicity.

Results

We identified 14 topics within ethnicity narratives and analyzed how each topic related to both the participant's ethnicity and the human‐coded themes of agency and communion. For example, the topic Gained perspective of structural inequality was associated with greater agency, whereas Peer dynamics was associated with greater communion. Ethnic/cultural celebration was associated with both.

Conclusions

This study introduces STM as a useful tool for extracting topic content in narrative data and demonstrates how the multi‐method assessment of ethnicity narratives provides greater insight into the content of ethnic experiences. These findings contribute to our understanding of contextualized aspects of personality, including the innovative ways we might examine them.
The Ecology of Human Sleep (EcoSleep) Cohort Study: Protocol for a longitudinal repeated measurement burst design study to assess the relationship between sleep determinants and outcomes under real‐world conditions across time of year
Authors: Biller Anna M. , Fatima Nayab , Hamberger Chrysanth , Hainke Laura , Plankl Verena , Nadeem Amna , Kramer Achim , Hecht Martin , Spitschan Manuel
Published: July 2024

The interplay of daily life factors, including mood, physical activity, or light exposure, influences sleep architecture and quality. Laboratory‐based studies often isolate these determinants to establish causality, thereby sacrificing ecological validity. Furthermore, little is known about time‐of‐year changes in sleep and circadian‐related variables at high resolution, including the magnitude of individual change across time of year under real‐world conditions. The Ecology of Human Sleep (EcoSleep) cohort study will investigate the combined impact of sleep determinants on individuals’ daily sleep episodes to elucidate which waking events modify sleep patterns. A second goal is to describe high‐resolution individual sleep and circadian‐related changes across the year to understand intra‐ and inter‐individual variability. This study is a prospective cohort study with a measurement‐burst design. Healthy adults aged 18–35 years (N = 12) will be enrolled for 12 months. Participants will continuously wear actimeters and pendant‐attached light loggers. A subgroup will also measure interstitial fluid glucose levels (six paticipants). Every 4 weeks, all participants will undergo three consecutive measurement days of four ecological momentary assessments each day (‘bursts’) to sample sleep determinants during wake. Participants will also continuously wear temperature loggers (iButtons) during the bursts. Body weight will be captured before and after the bursts in the laboratory. The bursts will be separated by two at‐home electroencephalogram recordings each night. Circadian phase and amplitude will be estimated during the bursts from hair follicles, and habitual melatonin onset will be derived through saliva sampling. Environmental parameters (bedroom temperature, humidity, and air pressure) will be recorded continuously.
A neural network‐based automated methodology to identify the crack causes in masonry structures
Authors: Iannuzzo A. , Musone V. , Ruocco E.
Published: July 2024

Most masonry constructions exhibit significant crack patterns caused by differential foundation settlements. While modern numerical methods effectively address forward displacement‐based problems, identifying the settlement causing a specific crack pattern remains an unsolved yet crucial challenge. For the first time, this research solves this highly non‐linear back‐engineering problem by proposing a robust and automated methodology synergizing artificial neural networks (ANNs) and the piecewise rigid displacement (PRD) method. The PRD's fast computational solving allows the generation of large datasets used to train specific ANNs through Levenberg–Marquardt and conjugate gradient algorithms. Using the location and widths of the main structural cracks as input, the proposed approach offers an instantaneous and accurate ANN‐based identification of foundation settlements that cause the detected damage scenario. The method is first validated on semicircular arches, and after that, its potential and effectiveness are demonstrated in a real engineering scenario, represented by the Deba bridge in Spain.
Impact of age at first calving on fertility and production performance in Murrah buffalo
Authors: Rautela Rupali , Kumar Sanjay , Sharma Rakesh Kumar , Phulia Sushil Kumar , Kumar Rajesh , Singh Madhu , Katiyar Rahul , Bharadwaj Anurag , Datta Tirtha Kumar
Published: July 2024

The present study analyses the effect of age at first calving (AFC) on future fertility and productivity in Murrah buffaloes. The data of 314 buffalo heifers of animal farm section, ICAR‐CIRB, Hisar were collected over a period of 9 years from 2010 to 2018. The buffalo heifers were categorized into six groups according to the AFC named as 30–35, 36–41, 42–47, 48–53, 54–59 and 60–65 months. The influence of AFC on standard lactation milk (SLMY), peak yield (PY), days in milk (DIM), calving to first service, service per conception, calving to conception interval (CCI) and calving interval till fifth lactation were studied. The study revealed poor productive traits in buffalo heifers calved at younger age (30–35 months) during first parity. The productive value positively corresponded with increase in AFC. During successive lactations, higher mean milk yield (SLMY and PY) was found in groups with 36–41, 42–47 and 48–53 months. The mean number of services per conception was lower in buffalo heifers with 36–41 and 42–47 months following first calving till fifth lactation. Similarly, the said groups had lower mean calving to first service, CCI and CI up to fifth lactation. The survival rate was higher in heifers with AFC 36–41, 42–47, 48–53 and 54–59 months than with AFC 30–35 and 60–65 months. The buffalo heifers with 36–41 and 42–47 months of AFC had higher survival rate and better productive and reproductive traits till fifth parity in the current study. The study concluded that a minimum ideal AFC of 36–41 months yielded the highest productive gain.
Bayesian mixture models (in)consistency for the number of clusters
Authors: Alamichel Louise , Bystrova Daria , Arbel Julyan , Kon Kam King Guillaume
Published: July 2024

Bayesian nonparametric mixture models are common for modeling complex data. While these models are well‐suited for density estimation, recent results proved posterior inconsistency of the number of clusters when the true number of components is finite, for the Dirichlet process and Pitman–Yor process mixture models. We extend these results to additional Bayesian nonparametric priors such as Gibbs‐type processes and finite‐dimensional representations thereof. The latter include the Dirichlet multinomial process, the recently proposed Pitman–Yor, and normalized generalized gamma multinomial processes. We show that mixture models based on these processes are also inconsistent in the number of clusters and discuss possible solutions. Notably, we show that a postprocessing algorithm introduced for the Dirichlet process can be extended to more general models and provides a consistent method to estimate the number of components.
Kant, silence and the Haitian Revolution
Authors: Shorter‐Bourhanou Jameliah Inga
Published: July 2024

This discussion explores the significance of Kant's silence on the Haitian Revolution. In contrast, Kant was not silent about the French Revolution, and he also went to great lengths to publish his work on religion, which was seen as controversial. I argue that Kant's silence on the Haitian Revolution demonstrates his complicity with the status quo regarding the independence and rights of people of color.
Job training in polarizing job markets: A longitudinal analysis using administrative microdata
Authors: Didier Nicolas
Published: July 2024

Developed nations have experienced a longstanding trend of reshaping the labour market's occupational structure. This trend, named job market polarization, describes how middle‐level jobs have decreased their relative share of the labour market in favour of high‐ and low‐complexity jobs. The literature has pointed to technological change as the main factor in setting this configuration, which accompanied the transition to a knowledge economy as a source of competitive advantages. Still, the narratives of technological change are anchored to specific technologies and times that do not fit the emerging challenges of the fourth industrial revolution and the increasing relevance of the digital economy. In this paper, I explore how job polarization dynamics have interacted with active labour market policies' effectiveness by focusing on job training skill premiums. I use nationally representative data to evaluate cross‐sectionally and longitudinally the relationship between job training access, job polarization, and wages. The results show that polarization poses a wage penalty while it increases the relative value of training skill premium. I discuss how the setting of a polarized market could be considered for future skill‐based interventions concerning digital technologies.
Protocols for breaking bad news in health care: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Cardoso Ana Filipa , Rosendo Inês , Santiago Luiz , Neto Joana , Cardoso Daniela
Published: July 2024

Objective:

This scoping review will map the available evidence on communication protocols for breaking bad news to adult patients and their families in health care.

Introduction:

Breaking bad news to adult patients and their families is a challenging task for health care professionals. To address these challenges, communication protocols have been developed to support health care professionals in breaking bad news in a compassionate and effective manner while respecting each patient’s individuality.

Inclusion criteria:

This scoping review will consider all studies that focus on communication protocols (original or adapted versions) to break bad news to adult patients and/or their families (adults) in any health care context, regardless of the approach (face-to-face, telephone, video, or other). Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods studies; systematic reviews; and textual evidence papers will be considered for inclusion in this review.

Methods:

This review will be conducted in accordance with the JBI methodology for scoping reviews. The search strategy will aim to locate both published and unpublished evidence in English, Spanish, and Portuguese. The databases to be searched include CINAHL Plus Complete (EBSCOhost), MEDLINE (PubMed), Academic Search Complete, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, Scopus, and Web of Science Core Collection. Gray literature will also be searched for. Two independent reviewers will independently perform study selection and data extraction. Data will be extracted using a data extraction tool developed by the reviewers. Any disagreements that arise between the reviewers will be resolved through discussion or with an additional reviewer. Data will be presented in tabular and narrative format.

Review registration:

Open Science Framework https://osf.io/s6ru7/
Las banderas, sus funciones y sus usos: símbolos políticos en tiempos de inestabilidad social
Authors: Angosto Ferrández Luis Fernando
Published: July 2024

Los estudios focalizados en los usos y funciones de las banderas nacionales continúan siendo escasos, y muy particularmente en la esfera iberoamericana. Este monográfico establece fundaciones empíricas y teóricas para dar impulso a estos estudios y para avanzar en la comprensión de las razones por las cuales se producen fluctuaciones, en ocasiones tan abruptas, en la presencia de las banderas en la esfera pública. Más allá de la relación que puedan tener con el disputado concepto de nacionalismo, la fluctuante prominencia pública de banderas constituye un fenómeno intrigante que nos invita a plantear preguntas sustantivas sobre la dinámica social, sobre la comunicación política y sobre comportamientos individuales y grupales en diferentes esferas culturales.
Entre esteladas y senyeras digitales: Un análisis semiótico de la articulación online de la simbología nacional banal del Casal Català en Sídney
Authors: Pérez Hidalgo Rubén
Published: July 2024

Este trabajo explora el rol de las banderas (principalmente, la senyera y la estelada) en la construcción de identidad nacional entre la diáspora catalana asociada al Casal Català de Nueva Gales del Sur, en Australia. En diálogo con la teorización del «nacionalismo banal» propuesta por Michael Billig, examina el uso que este Casal hace de las banderas tanto en las plataformas digitales de la asociación como su evento público más importante, la celebración anual de la Diada. El trabajo identifica una tensión entre la representación simbólica del independentismo catalán online y su ritualización pública dentro de los códigos del nacionalismo banal, y, apoyándose en el trabajo de Victor Turner sobre rituales y significación simbólica compartida, argumenta que esta tensión tiene como resultado el alejamiento en la práctica diaria del catalanismo en Australia de proselitismos independentistas que sí son sostenidos teóricamente.
Banderas nacionales, inestabilidad social y poder político
Authors: Angosto Ferrández Luis Fernando
Published: July 2024

Este artículo examina un fenómeno social recurrente y bien documentado en diferentes contextos culturales: el uso de las banderas nacionales se intensifica en períodos de inestabilidad y en contextos afectados por polarización política marcada. Con una revisión crítica de esfuerzos teóricos que han abierto caminos para explicar este fenómeno, muestra cuáles son las principales barreras que han impedido la elaboración de explicaciones convincentes del mismo. Una de esas barreras la sostienen perspectivas teóricas que renuncian a la búsqueda de causalidades en el análisis social; otra es levantada por decisiones teóricas que desvinculan el estudio de la función de los símbolos políticos del análisis de la base morfológica de la sociedad y de los conflictos y pugnas por el poder político. El artículo plantea que la explicación del uso intensificado de banderas en períodos de inestabilidad requiere la teorización de la función de estos símbolos en relación a procesos de reconocimiento y (re)establecimiento de estructuras de autoridad social.
Esperanza habla. Confrontando un siglo de cambio global en el Panamá rural, de Gloria Rudolf
Authors: Rodríguez Blanco Eugenia
Published: July 2024

Esperanza habla es la obra que culmina la investigación etnográfica que la antropóloga estadounidense Gloria Rudolf ha venido desarrollando desde hace 50 años en Loma Bonita, una comunidad rural del interior de Panamá. En un contexto académico y científico en el que la antropología social y la etnografía han tenido un desarrollo reducido y localizado, destaca el trabajo de Rudolf, quien se ha constituido en una referente del estudio etnográfico de la ruralidad panameña con un trabajo longitudinal en una misma comunidad.
Understanding the Relationship Between Attachment Orientation and Physical Activity Participation: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Hill Jessica , Meredith Pamela , Forrester Grace , Shirley Julia , Gomersall Sjaan R.
Published: July 2024

Background: Physical inactivity is recognized as a global health challenge. Attachment theory may provide insight into individual physical activity (PA) patterns, informing the development of PA interventions to promote the maintenance of behavior change. This study investigated the associations between attachment orientation and why and how individuals engage in PA. Given the association between attachment and sensory processing, this study also investigated the link between sensory processing and PA participation. Methods: Participants (N = 141) completed an online questionnaire that included the Modified Experiences of Close Relationships Scale and the Highly Sensitive Person Scale. The relationship between attachment orientation and sensory processing patterns, and preference for PA participation were analyzed using 2-sided independent t tests. Results: Attachment avoidance, attachment anxiety, and sensory sensitivity were significantly related to participants’ preference for PA participation in theoretically consistent ways. Avoidantly attached individuals were less likely to participate in PA as a form of social interaction (mean = 8.57, SD = 2.87, P = .005, d = 0.48). Anxiously attached individuals were more likely to participate in PA to support weight management (mean = 37.02, SD = 11.54, P = .01, d = −0.46) or if recommended by a health professional (mean = 43.55, SD = 12.45, P = .039, d = −0.88). Sensory sensitive individuals were more likely to participate in PA alone (mean = 124.11, SD = 19.23, P = .005, d = −0.510), and more likely to prefer light-intensity forms of PA (mean = 133.29, SD = 12.67, F3,123 = 5.49, P = .001). Conclusions: Findings highlight the potential value of considering an individual’s attachment orientation and sensory processing patterns in the development of PA interventions. This may help to address the challenges of PA participation, by individually tailoring interventions to participants.
The Influence of Psychological Factors on Physical Activity in Individuals With Patellofemoral Pain
Authors: Gilgallon Timothy J. , Kim Sungwan , Glaviano Neal R.
Published: July 2024

Context: Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is a prevalent chronic condition characterized by retropatellar or peripatellar pain exacerbated by various knee flexion-based activities. Previous research has highlighted the impact of psychological constructs on pain and function in chronic musculoskeletal pain conditions, yet their influence on physical activity in PFP cohorts remains unexplored. We aimed to evaluate whether pain self-efficacy and pain catastrophizing predict variations in steps per day and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) among individuals with PFP. Design: Cross-sectional observational study. Methods: Thirty-nine participants (11 males) with PFP were included. Dependent variables were steps per day and minutes of MVPA. Independent variables were pain self-efficacy and pain catastrophizing, measured by the pain self-efficacy questionnaire and the pain catastrophizing scale. Participants were given an ActiGraph wGT3X-BT for 7 days to assess physical activity. Correlations were assessed between psychological measures and physical activity, and a simple linear regression was performed on psychological variables that correlated with physical activity. Alpha was set a priori at P < .05. Results: Pain self-efficacy scores displayed a moderate association with steps per day (rho = .45, P = .004) and a weak association with MVPA (rho = .38, P = .014). Pain catastrophizing scores exhibited no significant associations with physical activity (P < .05). Regression models affirmed pain self-efficacy scores as significant predictors of both steps per day (F1,37 = 10.30, P = .002) and MVPA (F1,37 = 8.98, P = .004). Conclusions: Psychological measures continue to demonstrate value to clinicians treating PFP. Pain self-efficacy scores were moderately associated with steps per day and weakly associated with MVPA, explaining nearly a fifth of the variation in physical activity. Clinicians should prioritize the assessment of pain self-efficacy when treating individuals with PFP, potentially employing psychological interventions to improve physical activity in the PFP population.
What’s going on with measles?
Authors: Moss William J. , Griffin Diane E.
Published: July 2024

Measles is a highly transmissible systemic viral infection associated with substantial mortality primarily due to secondary infections. Measles induces lifelong immunity to reinfection but loss of immunity to other pathogens. An attenuated live virus vaccine is highly effective, but lapses in delivery have resulted in increasing cases worldwide. Although the primary cause of failure to control measles is failure to vaccinate, waning vaccine-induced immunity and the possible emergence of more virulent virus strains may also contribute.
Performance evaluation of cefoxitin screen test on two different automated antimicrobial susceptibility test systems: a comparative study
Authors: Yuceel-Timur Ismail , Garner Cherilyn D. , Franklin Simone , Hardy Dwight J.
Published: July 2024

Reliable detection of
mec
A and
mec
C-mediated beta-lactam resistance using automated antimicrobial susceptibility test systems is critical for patient care. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of the new cefoxitin screen test (oxsf02n) on the Vitek 2 card (Vitek 2) and BD Phoenix PMC-100 Gram-Positive AST Panel (Phoenix) against the reference method for the detection of
mec
A (and
mec
C)-mediated beta-lactam resistance. Two hundred fifty clinical fresh and stock
Staphylococcus
spp. isolates were included. There were 120
mec
A-positive, 10
mec
C-positive, and 120
mec
A and
mec
C-negative isolates. Cefoxitin screen and oxacillin tests were performed on Vitek 2 and Phoenix and by their respective reference methods (disk diffusion for the cefoxitin screen test and broth microdilution for oxacillin) for all isolates. PCR testing was also performed to confirm the presence of
mec
A and/or
mec
C genes. Results from each system were compared to the reference methods. Statistical hypotheses were evaluated both for Vitek 2 compared to the reference methods and Vitek 2 compared to the Phoenix. Compared to the reference method, the Vitek 2 cefoxitin screen test had 100% sensitivity/98% specificity and the Phoenix cefoxitin screen test had 84% sensitivity/100% specificity for the detection of
mec
A (and
mec
C)-mediated beta-lactam resistance. When the oxacillin test was combined with the cefoxitin screen for Vitek 2, the sensitivity and specificity were unchanged. However, when the oxacillin and cefoxitin screen tests were combined for the Phoenix, the sensitivity increased to 100% and the specificity remained unchanged (100%). When considering cefoxitin alone, the Vitek 2 screen test showed a higher sensitivity than the Phoenix for the detection of
mec
A and
mec
C-mediated beta-lactam resistance. However, currently, both systems use a combination of the cefoxitin and oxacillin tests to interpret the final result, and both reached a high level of performance when cefoxitin and oxacillin results were combined.

IMPORTANCE

This research marks the inaugural evaluation of the revamped cefoxitin screen test version in Vitek 2, juxtaposing it against reference methods and a primary competitor BD Phoenix.
Intraosseous versus intravenous vascular access in upper extremity among adults with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: cluster randomised clinical trial (VICTOR trial)
Authors: Ko Ying-Chih , Lin Hao-Yang , Huang Edward Pei-Chuan , Lee An-Fu , Hsieh Ming-Ju , Yang Chih-Wei , Lee Bin-Chou , Wang Yao-Cheng , Yang Wen-Shuo , Chien Yu-Chun , Sun Jen-Tang , Ma Matthew Huei-Ming , Chiang Wen-Chu
Published: July 2024

Objective

To compare the effectiveness of intraosseous versus intravenous vascular access in the treatment of adult patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

Design

Cluster randomised controlled trial.

Setting

The VICTOR (Venous Injection Compared To intraOsseous injection during resuscitation of patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest) trial involved emergency medical service agencies with all four advanced life support ambulance teams in Taipei City, Taiwan. The enrolment period spanned 6 July 2020 to 30 June 2023 and was temporarily suspended between 20 May 2021 and 31 July 2021 owing to the covid-19 pandemic.

Participants

Adult (age 20-80 years) patients with non-traumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

Interventions

Biweekly randomised clusters of four participating advanced life support ambulance teams were assigned to insert either intravenous or intraosseous access.

Main outcome measures

The primary outcome was survival to hospital discharge. Secondary outcomes included return of spontaneous circulation, sustained return of spontaneous circulation (≥2 hours), and survival with favourable neurological outcomes (cerebral performance category score ≤2) at hospital discharge.

Results

Among 1771 enrolled patients, 1732 (741 in the intraosseous group and 991 in the intravenous group) were included in the primary analysis (median age 65.0 years; 1234 (71.2%) men). In the intraosseous group, 79 (10.7%) patients were discharged alive, compared with 102 (10.3%) patients in the intravenous group (odds ratio 1.04, 95% confidence interval 0.76 to 1.42; P=0.81). The odds ratio of intraosseous versus intravenous access was 1.23 (0.89 to 1.69; P=0.21) for pre-hospital return of spontaneous circulation, 0.92 (0.75 to 1.13; P=0.44) for sustained return of spontaneous circulation, and 1.17 (0.82 to 1.66; P=0.39) for survival with favourable neurological outcomes.

Conclusions

Among adults with non-traumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, initial attempts to establish vascular access through the intraosseous route did not result in different outcomes compared with intravenous access in terms of the proportion of patients surviving to hospital discharge, pre-hospital return of spontaneous circulation, sustained return of spontaneous circulation, and favourable neurological outcomes.

Trial registration

NCT04135547ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT04135547
.
What is known about the role of clinical ethics services in cancer care? A systematic/narrative literature review
Authors: Stevenson Jacob , Clinch Alexandra , Ftanou Maria , Delany Clare
Published: July 2024

The use of clinical ethics services (CES) has been increasing over time, but little is known about the role of CES in cancer care. Cancer diagnosis and treatment are emotionally charged and life-changing experiences, raising existential and ethical questions about the quality and meaning of, living and dying. This narrative review seeks to consolidate the available information regarding how CES are accessed and used in cancer care. The review attempts to answer the question, ‘What is known about the role of CES in cancer care?’ Papers included in this review were identified through searching PubMed and MEDLINE Ovid; a variety of keywords were used to ensure the capture of all relevant literature. 387 papers were identified using the search strategy, 13 papers were included in the final synthesis following the application of the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Citation searching was conducted. 11 of 13 papers were conducted in the USA, 1 in Germany and 1 in South Korea. A variety of study designs were incorporated into this review. Five key roles of CES in cancer care were identified; conflict resolution/mediation, delivery of ethics education to clinical staff, advising on specific aspects of care, guideline development/resource allocation and emotional support of clinicians. This narrative review outlines how CES can assist clinicians to reflect on, better understand and address, the complex ethical dimensions of their practice. The identified literature demonstrates that early involvement of CES may reduce conflict. More research is needed gathering information from CES directly.
GUP corrected black holes with cloud of string
Authors: Al-Badawi Ahmad , Shaymatov Sanjar , Jha Sohan Kumar , Rahaman Anisur
Published: July 2024

We investigate shadows, deflection angle, quasinormal modes (QNMs), and sparsity of Hawking radiation of the Schwarzschild string cloud black hole’s solution after applying quantum corrections required by the Generalised Uncertainty Principle (GUP). First, we explore the shadow’s behaviour in the presence of a string cloud using three alternative GUP frameworks: linear quadratic GUP (LQGUP), quadratic GUP (QGUP), and linear GUP. We then used the weak field limit approach to determine the effect of the string cloud and GUP parameters on the light deflection angle, with computation based on the Gauss–Bonnet theorem. Next, to compute the quasinormal modes of Schwarzschild string clouds incorporating quantum correction with GUP, we determine the effective potentials generated by perturbing scalar, electromagnetic and fermionic fields, using the sixth-order WKB approach in conjunction with the appropriate numerical analysis. Our investigation indicates that string and linear GUP parameters have distinct and different effects on QNMs. We find that the greybody factor increases due to the presence of string cloud while the linear GUP parameter shows the opposite. We then examine the radiation spectrum and sparsity in the GUP corrected black hole with the cloud of string framework, which provides additional information about the thermal radiation released by black holes. Finally, our inquiries reveal that the influence of the string parameter and the quadratic GUP parameter on various astrophysical observables is comparable, however the impact of the linear GUP parameter is opposite.
Non-triviality of an asymptotically flat vacuum spacetime in pure R2 gravity
Authors: Nguyen Hoang Ky
Published: July 2024

In [Phys. Rev. D 107, 104008 (2023)], we reported a novel exact closed-form solution which describes asymptotically flat spacetimes in pure [Formula: see text] gravity. The solution is Ricci scalar flat, viz. [Formula: see text] everywhere. Whereas any metric with a null Ricci scalar would trivially satisfy the [Formula: see text] vacuo field equation, [Formula: see text], in this paper, we shall show that our solution satisfies a “stronger” version of the [Formula: see text] vacuo field equation, viz. [Formula: see text], despite the term [Formula: see text] being singular. Even though [Formula: see text] identically vanishes, for our solution, the combinations [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are free of singularity. This exceptional property sets our solution apart from the set of null-Ricci-scalar metrics and makes it a genuinely nontrivial solution. We further demonstrate that, as a member of a larger class of asymptotically de Sitter metrics, our solution is resilient against perturbations in the scalar curvature at largest distances, making it relevant for physical situations where the background deviates from asymptotic flatness.
Spatial Computing Opportunities in Biomedical Decision Support: The Atlas-EHR Vision
Authors: Farhadloo Majid , Sharma Arun , Shekhar Shashi , Markovic Svetomir
Published: July 2024

We consider the problem of reducing the time that healthcare professionals need to understand the patient’s medical history through the next generation of biomedical decision support. This problem is societally important because it has the potential to improve healthcare quality and patient outcomes. However, navigating electronic health records (EHR) is challenging due to high patient-doctor ratios, potentially long medical histories, urgency of treatment for some medical conditions, and patient variability. The current EHR systems provide only a longitudinal view of patient medical history, which is time-consuming to browse, and doctors often need to engage nurses, residents, and others for initial analysis. To overcome this limitation, we envision an alternative spatial representation of patient histories (e.g., electronic health records) and other biomedical data in the form of Atlas-EHR. Just like Google Maps, which allows a global, national, regional, and local view, Atlas-EHR can start with an overview of the patient’s anatomy and history before drilling down to spatially anatomical subsystems, their individual components, or subcomponents. Atlas-EHR presents a compelling opportunity for spatial computing since healthcare is almost a fifth of the US economy. However, traditional spatial computing designed for geographic use cases (e.g., navigation, land survey, and mapping) faces many hurdles in the biomedical domain. This article presents several open research questions under this theme in five broad areas of spatial computing.
An Interactive Error-correcting Approach for IoT-sourced Event Logs
Authors: Shirali Mohsen , Ahmadi Zahra , Fernández-Llatas Carlos , Bayo Montón José Luis , Di Federico Gemma
Published: July 2024

Although Internet of Things (IoT) systems are widely used in various industries, they are prone to data collection errors due to device limitations and environmental factors. These errors can significantly degrade the quality of collected data and the event log extracted from raw sensor readings, impact data analysis and lead to inaccurate or distorted results. This article emphasizes the importance of evaluating data quality and errors before proceeding with analysis. The effectiveness of three error correction methods, a rule-based method and a Process Mining (PM)-based method which are adjusted for a smart home use case, and their combination was also investigated in resolving log errors. The study found that understanding different types and sources of errors, and adapting the error correction algorithm based on this knowledge of error sources, can greatly improve the algorithm’s efficiency in addressing various error types.