bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Organizational and legal forms of higher schools’ practice and experimental farms and ways of their optimization
Authors: Mozhayev A. Ye
Published: April 2022

Benefits and disadvantages of organizational and legal forms of higher school’s practice and experimental farms were analyzed. Alternatives of their optimization taking into account special directions of activities are suggested.
Parameter optimization of combined ploughshare of a tree planting machine on the base of physical and mathematical modeling
Authors: Bartenev I. M , Shavkov M. V
Published: April 2022

Software on the base of a physico-mathematical model of combined ploughshare of a tree planting machine is developed. This program permitted to carry out series of virtual tests and to optimize ploughshare parameters.
Reliability assurance of hydraulic drives of the hydroficated machines
Authors: Khristoforov Ye. N , Kovaliov A. F , Kuznetsov A. A
Published: April 2022

Reliability problems of hydraulic drives of building and road machines and factors influencing the level of failure and troubles of hydraulic drives of hydroficated machines were analyzed.
Cleaning of pulley working surfaces in flax pullers
Authors: Vinogradov A. V
Published: April 2022

Process of cleaning the working surfaces of pulley pull units in flax pullers from adhered mass was investigated. Results are given, specific advices are stated.
Manual hardening with plasma arc
Authors: Korotkov V. A
Published: April 2022

Effect of surface hardening with plasma arc using the УДГЗ-200 device on properties of different steels was under study. Results of the investigation are given. Prospects of the new technique application are examined.
Practice and experimental farms, their status and trends of perfection
Authors: Mozhayev A. Ye
Published: April 2022

Results of investigation of the problem of practice and experimental farms as well as changes of economic activity and normative and legal basis are given. Basic trends of practice and experimental farms system perfection are suggested.
Zetor tractors from Czech Republic at Agrosalon-2012
Authors: Goltyapin V. Ya
Published: April 2022

Nomenclature of tractors produced by Zetor company, their constructive features, key indicators of technical level are considered. Results of comparative testing of these tractors and their analogs produced by leading tractor companies are given.
Designing conception of innovative development and modernization of integrated mechanization of agro-industrial complex for the period up to 2025
Authors: Beylis V. M , Antyshev N. M
Published: April 2022

Trends of development of integrated mechanization of the agro-industrial complex on the period up to 2025 as well as basic provisions of the conception are stated. The key role of the system of technologies and machinery in provision of rural commercial producers with required high-performance technologies and machinery is identified.
An energy-saving modular tiller
Authors: Rudenko N. Ye , Lyakhov A. P , Gerasimov Ye. V , Padaltsin K. D
Published: April 2022

An energy-saving modular tiller including duckfoot tines and rollers that provide multidirectional impact on the soil are proposed.
A system of wheeled tractor movement control based on the satellite navigation
Authors: Poddubny V. I
Published: April 2022

A technique for definition of the law of movement control of wheeled machine on a set trajectory, structure and principle of operation of an electromechanical movement control system and findings of experiments are presented.
A fire-resistant environmentally friendly fluid for hydrostatic transmissions
Authors: Godzhayev Z. A , Shabalinskaya L. A , Zaytsev S. D
Published: April 2022

Results of investigation of a fire-resistant water-containing fluid for hydrostatic power drive of mobile machines on the unique «Climate» test bench are given.
Performance assessment of a sustained power engine under probabilistic nature of external factors, based on the «maximum of effective power» criterion
Authors: Eviyev V. A , Ochirov N. G , Mudzhikov B. V
Published: April 2022

Software for the estimation of optimal zone of machine-tractor units performance and for the quantitative evaluation of its deformation degree under probabilistic nature of external factors is presented.
On a method of development of control programs for gear shifting without breaking of power flux
Authors: Lysov A. M
Published: April 2022

One of possible methods of development of gear shift control programs for the trip computers of agricultural tractors equipped with transmissions with gear shift under load, intended for the security of smooth shifting under different operation modes is proposed.
Features of designing of a wheel small-sized skidding tractor
Authors: Voynash S. A , Voynash A. S
Published: April 2022

It is proposed to mechanize the operation of timber harvesting in peasant (farm) enterprises in forest-steppe areas of Altai territory and other regions of Russian Federation by the way of using a small-sized skidding tractor. Construction of the tractor is substantiated.
Integrated approach to the diagnostics of tractor diesel turbocharger systems
Authors: Inshakov A. P , Kuvshinov A. N , Kornaukhov O. F
Published: April 2022

Diagnostic methods of turbocharger systems and their main disadvantages associated with the low accuracy and high probability of failure are analyzed. Main problems of general approach to the turbocharger systems diagnostics and ways of their solution are given.
Rise of adequacy of analytical models with a random frequency to Gaussian processes
Authors: Soloveychik A. A
Published: April 2022

Methods of analytical modeling of a stochastic process for investigation of non-linear dynamic systems under Gaussian effects are stated. As a test example the determination of dispersion of angular velocity of engine shaft of agricultural aggregate is used. Non-linearity of its regulating system parameters is considerable.
Stabilization of diesel fuel supply
Authors: Inshakov A. P , Kryuchkov S. V , Soloviov R. O
Published: April 2022

Construction and results of testing of a battery stabilizer of fuel injection installed on the high pressure fuel pump are described.
Algorithm of plotting of the developable working surfaces of ploughs
Authors: Vaskov A. A
Published: April 2022

Conceptions and methods of plotting of the developable ploughshare and loading blade surfaces are given.
Lowering of aerodynamical noise of exhaust valve of ventilation system at transport
Authors: Kuzovov A. N , Ovtsynov P. V , Merkulov V. I
Published: April 2022

Ways of design improvement of a divider valve of ventilation system at transport are considered. Several variants of design are developed to optimize the valve performance. Two versions of valve which are the best on acoustic calculation results are presented.
Warm-up of tractor systems and units with exhaust gases during the operation in conditions of low temperatures
Authors: Orlovsky S. N , Kulikov M. V
Published: April 2022

Findings of theoretical and experimental researches of tractors’ systems and aggregates warm-up under low environment temperatures are presented.
Network planning of quality on the levels of research of machine-tractor units’ driving dynamics
Authors: Roslavtsev A. V , Sapozhnikov I. I
Published: April 2022

A method of network quality planning is considered. It takes into account the functional interdependence of research and development at different network layers. This method fully explores the dynamics of movement of machine and tractor units.
A mathematical model of reliability of technical service subsystem of a grain processing plant
Authors: Kurochkin V. N , Kuschiova Ye. N
Published: April 2022

Relation between the theoretical research of mathematical reliability theory application, the increase of operating effectiveness and the period of reliable operation of grain processing plant equipment is given.
Use of catastrophe theory models for the forecasting of agricultural equipment reliability
Authors: Burlankov S. P , Burlankov P. S
Published: April 2022

The theory of dynamical systems and such catastrophe theory models as «fold» and «assembly» are considered. Divergence properties of the «assembly» catastrophe are illustrated. An alternative hypothesis is found under the analysis of the «assembly» model: the number of defective and failure machines reflects the level of their technical operation and is related to the quality of machines’ production, their maintenance and repair, as well as to the specific load on machine.
Vibration and noise estimation of applicability of the ЧВГ-35 vermicular graphite iron
Authors: Nikishin V. N , Svetlichny K. N
Published: April 2022

Results of comparative tests of noise and vibration of a power unit with parts of case made of СЧ 21-40 and ЧВГ-35 cast iron are presented. These findings can be used for the assessment of high-strength cast irons applicability.
New equipment and technologies of agricultural machinery diagnosis
Authors: Nikolayev Ye. V , Makarkin I. M
Published: April 2022

New techniques of diagnostics of motor and tractor engines and hydraulic systems are considered. Results of development of diagnostic means are presented.
Research of some design factors’ influence on the parameters of diesel engine operating on mixed biofuel
Authors: Markov V. A , Kuleshov A. S , Afanasyev V. N
Published: April 2022

Benefits of application of biofuels produced on the basis of plant oils in diesel engines are shown. Specific features of fuel spraying process in diesel engine operating on rape oil biofuels are considered. Necessity of coordination between the length of spraying fuel jets and the combustion chamber dimensions is shown. Calculation research is conducted for the Д-245.12С diesel engine with various shapes and sizes of combustion chamber, as well as for the parameters of diesel engine with asymmetrical fuel injectors positioning. A method for optimization of fuel injector positioning in combustion chamber is suggested, taking into consideration the indices of fuel efficiency and exhaust gases toxicity.
Recovery of machine body parts by combined structured coatings
Authors: Kotin A. V , Sivtsov V. N , Konakov A. V , Rusyayev A. V
Published: April 2022

A new resource-saving process of restoring the worn mounting holes of body parts with multi-layer metal-polymer coatings is presented. Results of study of the physical-mechanical, rheological and technological properties of polymeric materials are given. Recommendations for their use are considered.
Investigation of indicators of combustion process in tractor diesel engine with the use of natural gas and recirculation, methanol and ethanol fuel emulsions
Authors: Likhanov V. A , Lopatin O. P
Published: April 2022

In order to determine and optimize the main parameters of tractor diesel engine, the influence of using of compressed natural gas, exhaust gas recirculation, methanol and ethanol fuel emulsions on the indicators of combustion process in diesel engine is investigated.
Agricultural implements with self-adjusting angle of working organs entry into soil
Authors: Myalenko V. I
Published: April 2022

A design diagram of agricultural implement providing efficiency increase through the use of self-adjusting mechanism of angles of working organs entry into soil is presented.
Features of students training for innovative activities
Authors: Naumkin N. I , Shabanov G. I , Kupryashkin V. F , Kilmyashkin Ye. A , Lomatkin A. N , Nuyanzin Ye. A
Published: April 2022

Problems of training of students specializing in agroengineering for the innovative activities are considered. The developed method is based on immersion into the innovation environment during a student competition in agricultural mechanization.
Coordinate calculation method of steering linkage
Authors: Malinovskiy M. P , Gladov G. I
Published: April 2022

A new calculation method for steering linkage based on the equation of a circle is proposed. The method can be used with iterative method of dynamic calculation for steering system of wheel tractors.
Improvement of environmental performance of diesel engine operating on water-biofuel emulsion
Authors: Markov V. A , Devyanin S. N , Nagornov S. A , Levina Ye. Yu
Published: April 2022

Opportunities to reduce the emissions of toxic components with exhaust gases are evaluated, based on experimental tests of diesel engine operating on water-biofuel emulsion and diesel fuel.
Features of acceleration of agricultural machine-tractor unit with electric traction
Authors: Amelchenko P. A , Zhukovskiy I. N , Gurskiy N. N , Klyuchnikov A. V , Vaschula A. V
Published: April 2022

The paper considers the processes of breakaway and acceleration of agricultural machine-tractor unit with electric traction.
Problem of minimization of wheeled vehicle power consumption on external resistance overcoming in case of uneven load distribution between the axles
Authors: Keller A. V , Pozin B. M , Troyanovskaya I. P , Bondar V. N , Yusupov A. A
Published: April 2022

The paper deals with the problem of minimization of power consumption for the movement of mobile machine with uneven load distribution between the axles. Comparison of total required power values is made by the examples of most common methods of mobile machine control, namely using of unblocked differential, limited-slip differential, full blocking of differentials.
Bases of active noise control
Authors: Polivayev O. I , Kuznetsov A. N
Published: April 2022

Mathematical models allowing to describe the bases of active control of sound fields are given. Results of using of active noise control system in the silencer are presented.
Recuperative hydraulic booster of steering control of wheeled vehicle
Authors: Chmil V. P
Published: April 2022

The paper deals with the scheme of pump and battery supply of hydraulic mechanism of steering control of a wheeled vehicle with integrated unit of heat recuperation. The scheme allows to increase the pump life and the safety of vehicle control, including the cases of pump and engine failure and slow-speed maneuvering. In addition, the fuel consumption of steering pump drive is reduced, with the result that the fuel consumption of engine decreases.
Calculation features of cycle of reciprocating internal combustion engine operating on gaseous fuel
Authors: Gavrilov A. A , Gots A. N
Published: April 2022

Mathematical model and calculation algorithm of cycle of reciprocating internal combustion engine operating on gaseous fuel are presented. Influence of cycle indicators on pressure magnitude is considered, taking into account the features of gaseous fuels application.
Development of principles for improvement of motion stability of multi-unit tractor trains
Authors: Zhileykin M. M , Skotnikov G. I
Published: April 2022

Analytical expression for control device of electronic stability program for trailer and semi-trailer constituting a part of tractor train is obtained. The electronic stability program improves the motion stability of multi-unit vehicles.
Energy-saving A-hoe blade for tillage
Authors: Rudenko N. Ye , Gorbachev S. P , Kalugin D. S , Kayvanov S. D
Published: April 2022

Innovative energy-saving A-hoe blade with stepped variable share has been developed. It allows to reduce energy consumption for operation of combined tillage machines.
Weight of perspective universal tractor of 4×4 axle configuration for cotton growing
Authors: Osipov O. S , Kambarov B. A
Published: April 2022

The article presents the results of studies for substantiation of operating weight and tractive class of universal wheeled tractor for working in cotton growing with wide-cut seeders and cultivators.
Determination of rational parameters of bogies in order to decrease negative reaction torques on frame
Authors: Martynov B. G , Kozlenok A. V
Published: April 2022

Some features of bogies of different designs are considered. Recommendations for their configuration in order to equalize the support reactions of forward and backward pairs of tandem wheels are given.
Features of combined friction in contact patch during cornering of track-type tractor on deforming ground
Authors: Vyaznikov M. V
Published: April 2022

The article discusses the question of refinement of analytical dependencies determining the summarized external forces of resistance in the system of differential equations of motion. For describing the interaction of track assembly with the ground in curvilinear motion the model of combined friction is used.
Computer model of soil cultivation with a tiller
Authors: Ramazanova G. G , Belov M. I , Gadzhiyev P. I
Published: April 2022

The article is devoted to the development of computer model for study of working surface form of tiller blade for soil cultivation. The results of investigation of three forms (curved, straight and wavy lines) of blade profile in the plane of its rotation are presented.
Optimization of formulation of repair abrasion-resistant dispersion-strengthened epoxy composition with sand filler on the adhesion strength
Authors: Mikhalchenkov A. M , Komogortsev V. F , Filin Yu. I , Mikhalchenkova M. A
Published: April 2022

It is shown that when performing work on the restoration of parts operating in abrasive environment, the formulation containing 60-70 pts. wt. of natural sand and 30-40 pts. wt. of epoxy adhesive is the most effective in terms of adhesion strength.
Determination of time for orienting of bulbs in vibration seed cell
Authors: Yemelyanov P. A
Published: April 2022

The article presents the results of theoretical and experimental studies determining the time for orienting of bulbs in vibration seed cell of planter during planting from free position to the position when bulb stem is downward directed.
Grain drying with variable heat supply in a tower grain dryer
Authors: Yelizarov V. P , Pavlov S. A , Marin R. A , Dadyko A. N
Published: April 2022

Duration and temperature of grain aeration by heated and unheated drying agent have been calculated; the method of grain drying with variable heat supply has been tested in practical work.
Development of mechanization means for storages of potatoes and vegetables
Authors: Kolchin N. N , Ponomarev A. G
Published: April 2022

Features of mechanization of operations in storages of potatoes and vegetables are marked. Design development of domestic hopper store loaders of potatoes and vegetables, their design features, basic parameters and performance measures are described. Suggestions for organization of development and production of loaders are given.
Analysis of operational factors determining the efficiency of fuel economy of machine and tractor unit
Authors: Kotsar Yu. A , Pluzhnikov S. V , Mavzovin V. S , Kharitonov A. Yu , Kadukhin A. I
Published: April 2022

The article analyzes the operational factors and determines their effect on efficiency factors of fuel economy of machine and tractor unit.
Determination of optimality criteria in the development of hardening technologies
Authors: Dementyev V. B , Zasypkin A. D
Published: April 2022

The article considers the optimality criteria in the development of hardening technologies for critical parts of engineering products. It also presents a forecasting method for product quality indices in the process of high-temperature thermomechanical treatment with deformation by screw compression of hot-rolled heavy-walled pipes.
Efficiency of application of gas turbine engines on tractors for agricultural purposes
Authors: Shkrabak V. S , Dzhabborov N. I
Published: April 2022

The article presents the research results of work of automotive gas turbine engines and of efficiency of their application on tractors for agricultural purposes. To assess the efficiency of the Kirovets tractor with gas turbine engine, the optimum values of energy and technical-economic indicators are substantiated.
Quality and reliability of domestic machinery as the basis of its competitiveness
Authors: Kushnarev L. I , Chepurina Ye. L , Chepurin A. V , Kushnarev S. L
Published: April 2022

The paper presents the results of analysis of agricultural equipment condition and some indicators of agricultural equipment use in enterprises of agroindustrial complex. Directions of efficiency improvement of agricultural production are determined.
Synthesis of control model of operating reliability of combine harvesters
Authors: Tsarev Yu. A , Simon D. V
Published: April 2022

The paper deals with the questions related to the improving of operating reliability of combine harvesters by means of synthesis of formerly used methods with the range of modern structural transformations in technical service, namely the three-level system of repair parts supply, the module principle of technical service and repair, the АВС (or XYZ) classification.
Improvement of construction of a chisel plow
Authors: Shchirov V. V , Khizhnyak V. I , Nesmiyan A. Yu , Khlystov E. I , Bobryashov A. P
Published: April 2022

The chisel plows represent a diverse group of tillers, which includes widespread constructions with working organs of a paraplow type mounted on a frame according to the arrow-shaped diagram. This arrangement has several advantages, but it also leads to the decrease of soil crumbling degree, increase of energy intensity of its loosening, decrease of stubble field safety. The study suggests to mount the working organs of chisel plow on a tool frame in pairs both in transversal and longitudinal directions in order to improve the efficiency of subsurface tillage. A chisel plow-ripper with the proposed arrangement of working organs has been tested in the North Caucasus Machine-Testing Station and recommended for implementation. With the view of efficiency assessement, the test results of the improved ripper were compared with the average performance of classical share and chisel plows. Comparative analysis showed that transversal pair arrangement of working organs provides the increase of soil crumbling degree by 17-21%. Thereby an optimal air-and-water regime for soil is formed, its contact with the roots of weeds is broken, which consequently provokes the ravage of offset weeds. More efficient use of energy supplied from tractor and the longitudinal pair arrangement of posts of working organs allow to decrease the specific fuel consumption by 20-27% in comparison with the analogs, to reduce the number of open furrows, to increase the stubble field safety, to reduce the unevenness of field surface more than twice.
Use of new generation relay in the control scheme of grain thrower
Authors: Mazukha N. A
Published: April 2022

The paper presents a protection scheme for electric motors of grain thrower, based on multifunctional relay for control of open-phase modes of supply network and on isolation of circuits to which the relay is connected. The paper also proposes the use of single-phase relay of current control with regulated time-lag for energy saving.
Seeder with bladed and milling working organs
Authors: Yevchenko A. V , Demchuk Ye. V , Kobyakov I. D
Published: April 2022

The paper considers the design of seeder for grain crops with bladed and milling working organs.
Three-dimensional supporting systems of frame construction for technological superstructures of agricultural purposes
Authors: Shkel' A. S , Zagarin D. A , Kozlovskaya M. A , Dzotsenidze T. D
Published: April 2022

New generation of transport and technological vehicles and agricultural transport means has been developed, based on the principle of design modularity with application of three-dimensional supporting systems of frame construction. Design decisions were implemented and introduced as the Ural-432065 all-wheel vehicle chassis with replaceable technological superstructures. A device for removing of replaceable technological superstructures from vehicle chassis and for their installing on support for storage was also developed. Three-dimensional supporting construction in the form of weld-fabricated steel pipe frame was selected. It was adapted for installation on technological superstructures and unified for bracketry on vehicle frame. Strength calculations were carried out. Sections of structural elements and method of their manufacturing were selected. Prototypes of devices were made on the basis of developed design documentation and installed on the superstructures: on the distributor of solid mineral fertilizers by means of threaded assembly; on the superstructure for hauling and subsoil fertilizing of liquid fertilizer organics by welding to load-carrying parts of the tanker. Computer simulation of the functional of replaceable technological superstructures allowed to estimate the efficiency of design decisions. Test results confirmed the data of analytical studies. Consequently, transport and process operations are implemented, both on open roads and in the field with satisfying of environmental and agrotechnical requirements. If there are several technological superstructures in the farm, it is possible to use only one vehicle chassis, which reduces the dead time and the impact of seasonality works factor.
Calculation model of technological process of soil crumbling by means of tillage working organs
Authors: Blednykh V. V , Svechnikov P. G , Troyanovskaya I. P
Published: April 2022

Working organs being used currently for subsurface tillage do not comply with agrotechnical requirements. In particular, the crumbling of soil layer is unequal across the width of cutting plane of working organ. The scientific hypothesis is that variable cutting angle along the length of blade improves the crumbling of soil layer. The mathematical model of interaction between the soil and a wedge is proposed. As the result, the theoretical dependencies of resistance force of soil to destruction and of thickness of shear layer on the setting angle of tillage tool are obtained. A set of dihedral wedges with different angles of inclination has been used in experimental studies. The tests have been performed in media with a wide range of physical and mechanical properties (ordinary humus, sand, clay). It is determined experimentally that all media interacting with the wedge have some common characteristics depending on the parameters of wedge, in spite of differences of physical and mechanical properties and the appearance of layer formation. The experimental dependence of equivalent stresses on cutting angle of the wedge is obtained. Experimental and theoretical results agree well with each other. On the basis of these studies, the working organs with variable cutting angle are developed. It is revealed that the blade with variable cutting angle creates more tension in the soil layer than a blade with constant cutting angle. It is experimentally confirmed that the working organs with variable cutting angle along the length of the coulter crumble the layer by 20-50% better than serial working organs. The economic effect of the introduction of working organs with variable cutting angle is 200-1300 rubles per hectare of cultivated area.
Analysis of a new equation of wheeled vehicle motion
Authors: Kuz'min N. A , Serdyuk V. I , Peskov V. I
Published: April 2022

Published works of professor G.I. Mamiti impinge on authority of the classical equation of traction balance developed by famed specialists of our domestic automobile science; he offers to substitute these time-proved theoretical developments for a new equation of motion. The purpose of this article is to analyse the validity of hypotheses used when establishing a new equation and to make a conclusion about its applicability for calculations of traction-speed properties of wheeled vehicles. Well-known laws of theoretical mechanics for lever-hinged mechanisms with special experiments and theoretical examples of various situations of wheeled vehicle motion are used as materials and methods of the analysis. G.I. Mamiti considers that moments due to air resistance force, inertia force, force from trailer and climbing resistance force, acting on vehicle body in longitudinal plane, create the opposing torques on driving wheels. It may only be correct for a monolithic structure, but assembled body and wheels constitute the lever-hinged mechanism. Moments, created by above forces, cause only the longitudinal roll of the body and the appearance of forces that lead to changing of normal reactions in suspension and axles, but do not create opposing torques on driving wheels. If the hypothesis of G.I. Mamiti was correct, the reactive moment on body from driving axle (or from cross-mounted power unit in the case of front-wheel drive vehicle), that was transferred, according to his considerations, on driving wheels, would be summarized with the torque transferred to them by transmission. As a result, traction force would be equal to zero, because these moments are identical in value and opposite in direction, so the vehicle could not move. Therefore, the wrong initial hypothesis leads to the establishing of wrong equation; its use, as it is shown in the article, leads to serious errors in calculations and to wrong conclusions on the improvement of wheeled vehicle designs.
Way of indicators matching of tractor diesel engines and transmissions
Authors: Gorodetskiy K. I , Serebryakov V. V , Melnikov A. Yu , Muratova S. K , Alendeyev Ye. M
Published: April 2022

A version of electronic stepless control of tractor motion speed by means of fuel feeding regulation under step changes of transmission ratios is described.
Heat balance equation of air solar collector with heat accumulator
Authors: Kupreenko A. I , Komogortsev V. F , Isaev Kh. M , Chenin A. N , Shkuratov G. V
Published: April 2022

The aim of the paper is to find the mathematical dependence of temperature of heat-receiving surface of heat accumulator of a solar collector on its operating time under conditions of variable external factors. In this case, variable solar activity throughout the day is considered as the key external factor. Air solar collector with heat accumulator is a basic element of solar power plants intended, for example, for grain drying, water heating, natural ventilation systems of livestock houses etc. By the example of operation of a drum solar grain dryer with water heat accumulator, the differential equation of heat balance of solar collector is obtained. The equation takes into account the following components of heat balance: amount of heat coming into solar collector with atmospheric air; amount of heat coming from solar energy and absorbed by heat-receiving surface of water accumulator; amount of heat taken away by drying agent (warmed-up atmospheric air) after heat exchange with heat-receiving surface; amount of heat for heating of accumulator walls; amount of heat for heating of water in accumulator; external heat loss. On the basis of available experimental data, it is assumed that water temperature in accumulator is directly proportional to the temperature of its walls, and the enthalpy of atmospheric air is proportional to the flow density of solar energy. Required dependence of temperature of heat-receiving surface of a heat accumulator is found by solving the Cauchy problem for differential equation of heat balance of solar collector. The obtained exponential expression connects the parameters of variable external factors with design and technological parameters of a solar collector. This allows to model the output thermal performance of solar power plants used in agriculture depending on various external conditions.
Resource-saving technology and technical devices for restoring of operational features of lubricating and cooling fluids
Authors: Charykov V. I , Sokolov S. A , Evdokimov A. A
Published: April 2022

Today, one of the main tasks is to develop and create resource-saving machines and technologies for cleaning of lubricating and cooling fluids. The subjects of research are regularities of processes of cleaning of these fluids from metal magnetic particles in an electromagnetic separator, development of technical means and technologies of the electromagnetic cleaning of lubricating and cooling fluids. Existing techniques and methods for cleaning of lubricating and cooling fluids are very energy-intensive. They require complex and expensive installations, have low productivity and do not allow to obtain a high degree of cleaning from metal magnetic particles. According to the analysis of existing constructions, the electromagnetic separator UMS-4M (УМС-4М) designed for cleaning of fluid materials from metal magnetic impurities has been developed in the Kurgan State Agricultural Academy. The distinctive feature of this installation is that for extracting of metal magnetic particles, the magnetic field concentrators are used. They enable to create high-gradient inhomogeneous magnetic field. The separation zone is located in closed contour of direct-current. The separator is installed on the process line for cleaning of lubricating and cooling fluids. New constructive technical devices are developed. These are netlike concentrators of inhomogeneous magnetic field which help to ensure efficiency of cleaning from metal magnetic particles up to 98%; the installation performance is 40 l/h. The scheme of the process line for cleaning of lubricating and cooling fluid for enterprises of agroindustrial complex is proposed. The base of the process line consists of the electromagnetic separator and storage tanks to collect lubricating and cooling fluids.
Experimental researches of a self-propelled potato harvester equipped with separation process control system
Authors: Slavkin V. I , Belov M. I , Krasnyaschikh K. A , Pronin V. Yu , Zhuravlev A. V
Published: April 2022

The article describes the structure and operation principle of separation process control system for the КСК-4-1 self-propelled potato harvester. It presents the results of laboratory and field tests and farm ones, as well as the results of operational and technological evaluation of performance of the harvester with separation process control system and without it. As a result, it is found that installation of this system on potato harvester increases its productivity by 6-8%, improves the quality parameters of the process, reduces downtimes by decreasing the clogging and overload of working organs, betters the working conditions of operator.
Reynolds number effect on the aerodynamic characteristic of transverse fans
Authors: Sychugov N. P
Published: April 2022

Data on the dependence of Reynolds number (criterion) on air condition parameters and air flow speed are given. The results of study of Reynolds number effect on aerodynamic characteristic of geometrically similar fans in pre-self-similar area of this criterion are presented.
Numerical simulation of heat and hydraulic characteristics of heat exchange surfaces of plate-finned heat exchangers
Authors: Akhmedshin Ye. A , Vyaznikov M. V , Rumyantsev V. V
Published: April 2022

The article presents the results of numerical simulation of airflow in the channel of heat exchange surface. Based on these results, the surface characteristics have been constructed. Evaluation of simulation results in comparison with experimental data is given.
Kinematic analysis of connection of hydraulic cylinders of a forwarder crane under execution of defined motion of grapple
Authors: Piskunov M. A , Adamov D. V
Published: April 2022

The article deals with the kinematic analysis of forwarder crane; it determines the parameters of extension of hydraulic-cylinder rods for execution of defined trajectory of grapple motion. The current systems of forwarder crane control do not allow an operator to realize optimal trajectories and speed ability of motion of crane links. This disadvantage can be partly corrected, for example, with the use of automatic control of crane motion in certain phases of technological cycle. The analysis of matched connection of hydraulic cylinders of a typical forwarder crane is presented in the article. It determines how hydraulic-cylinder rods should move to provide the linear trajectory of grapple at the stage of motion from the moment of log gripping to the moment of its lodging in the middle of upper edge of a forwarder load space. It is necessary to provide a smooth acceleration at the start and a smooth deceleration at the end of grapple motion. The hydraulic-cylinder rods should also smoothly accelerate at the start of motion and smoothly decelerate at its end. The kinematic analysis uses well-known methods that are presented in the article in shortened form. It is shown that for typical design of a forwarder crane both conditions of smooth motion and linearity of trajectory cannot be fulfilled simultaneously. The results can be used for developing the algorithms of automatic control of crane at a separate phase of log loading when there are numerous points of log gripping (gripping control provided by operator) and one delivery point. There is no necessity in additional systems of environmental objects recognition at this phase, that allows to integrate these algorithms into the control system of a forwarder by low-cost facilities.
Study of nitrogen oxides content in the cylinder of turbocharged tractor diesel engine operating on natural gas
Authors: Likhanov V. A , Lopatin O. P
Published: April 2022

The article is devoted to the application of compressed natural gas as an alternative fuel and the reducing of nitrogen oxides content in exhaust gases of turbocharged diesel engine. Special attention is paid to the problems of formation and decomposition of nitrogen oxides in the cylinder of diesel engine operating on natural gas and its effect on the combustion process. In order to determine and optimize the main parameters of operation of turbocharged diesel engine on natural gas, the block tests for both diesel and gas-diesel processes were conducted; they showed that the diesel was running steadily on compressed natural gas under nominal mode at a ratio of 80% of gas and 20% of ignition portion of diesel fuel. Further, the research of working process was carried out exactly in that ratio. The article presents the results of experimental studies of the effect of compressed natural gas on the indices of exhaust toxicity and smoke opacity. The values of volume content and mass concentration of nitrogen oxides in the cylinder of diesel engine depending on the crank angle change are analyzed and determined. The indices of combustion process of turbocharged gas diesel engine under different load and speed operating modes are given. Analysing the obtained results, one can conclude that the application of compressed natural gas as an alternative fuel in turbocharged diesel engine is efficient and allows to reduce exhaust toxicity. Thus, with optimum advance angle of fuel injection of 11 degrees, when switching to gas-diesel process, the nitrogen oxides content in exhaust gases reduces by 15.5%, the soot - by19 times, and the carbon oxide - by 18%.
Enhancement of functionality of tractor-drawn berry-harvesting combines
Authors: Ozherel'ev V. N
Published: April 2022

The paper deals with the experience of development of a tractor-drawn berry-harvesting combine that is similar in the ease of control to a self-propelled analog. The purpose of the research is to explore the possibility of separating the function of maintaining combine parallel alignment to the row of harvested plants from the problem of control of its lateral displacement in relation to the tractor. This problem has been solved by transforming of conventional drawbar hitch, having only one control hydraulic cylinder, into the hydraulic analog of a parallel link mechanism. For this purpose, the design was complemented by two hydraulic cylinders and a pivot arm, and combine was equipped with self-aligning supporting wheels. As a result, the moment of resistance to rolling of combine wheel, that is asymmetric to the tractor position, is transmitted to its frame and does not lead to harvesting machine skewness in relation to rows of plants fixed on a vertical trellis. Geometric and hydraulic parameters of the drawbar hitch are chosen, so that when the tractor leaving the row spacing turns to the left, it is deflected by 90 degrees in relation to the combine, which, after the tractor entry into another row spacing, exactly sets on the next row. In this case, the turning radius of the unit does not exceed 6 m. During the tests by means of control system borrowed from a grain combine harvester, the experimental machine was controlled by a mechanic, who sat on the combine above a row of plants. In machines of mass production, his function is to be performed by the automatic control system. The tests of tractor-drawn berry-harvesting combine showed the potential possibility of assurance of its control accuracy at the level, similar to a self-propelled vehicle. In this case, its price in comparison with self-propelled analogs could be twice lower. Thus, it allows to bring the berry-harvesting and grape-harvesting combines to higher level of operational excellence, significantly increasing their competitiveness in comparison with self-propelled harvesting machines.
Modeling of nitrogen oxides emission in the cylinder of tractor gas-diesel engine
Authors: Likhanov V. A , Lopatin O. P
Published: April 2022

The article is devoted to the modeling of process of nitrogen oxides formation in the cylinder of diesel engine operating on compressed natural gas. The combustion of methane-air mixture, ignited by atomized pilot oil that is injected through multijet nozzle, in the cylinder of gas-diesel engine increases the rate of turbulent fluctuations, which leads to intensification of heat and mass exchange in the plume, and significantly increases the rate of formation and decomposition of nitrogen oxides. The calculation of expected emissions of nitrogen oxides in the cylinder of diesel engine and their content in the exhaust gases is carried out. It is done on the basis of the results of kinetic systems modeling for calculation of the kinetics of nitrogen oxides formation during combustion of natural gas and diesel fuel, taking into account the influence of turbocharging, intermediate cooling of charged air and exhaust gas recirculation. In the mathematical modeling of nitrogen oxide formation in the cylinder of diesel engine, the combustion process is divided into two zones, namely the zone of fresh mixture and the zone of combustion products. First zone is a mixture of fresh air with recycled gases (if there is a process of recycling) and residual gases. Before combustion starts, this zone occupies the whole cylinder. During combustion, the volume of zone of combustion products increases. Theoretical researches are carried out on the basis of developed mathematical model for calculation of nitrogen oxides in the cylinders of 4Ch 11.0/12.5 and 4ChN 11.0/12.5 diesel engines. The high precision of theoretical calculations of volumetric content and mass concentration of nitrogen oxides is confirmed, compared to the results of experimental researches (the difference does not exceed 5%).
New means of mechanization for fruit-tree nurseries in mountain and foothill areas of the North Caucasus
Authors: Dzhibilov S. M , Gulueva L. R , Bestaev S. G , Poraeva Z. Kh
Published: April 2022

The article describes the present state of mechanization of horticulture and fruit-tree nursery, analyses the mechanization of technological process of parent bushes hilling. Production of planting material for establishing new type orchards depends on the degree of mechanization of technological processes in fruit-tree nurseries, more specifically on the availability of special equipment for work in mountain and foothill areas on stony and heavy soils. At this stage, the urgent task is to increase the efficiency of work of fruit-tree nurseries with simultaneous reduction of labour and power intensity by means of mechanization of production processes based on new technologies and technical tools for cultivation of planting material. The new type orchards, as a rule, are short-growing, high-yielding and require a 5-6 times bigger planting stock compared to old type orchards. Therefore, it is necessary to intensify the production of transplants in fruit-tree nurseries of a new type, and to lay for it the industrial foundation with the use of mechanization means for the care of parent bushes. This intensification is only possible on the basis of application of modern industrial technologies of reproduction of planting material taking into account the landscapes of the Republic of North Ossetia - Alania and the use of high-performance agricultural machinery, tractors and other equipment. The article proposes a technology and a combined unit for parent bushes hilling and row spacing cultivation, as well as a tent for budding of planting stock of fruit and berry crops when establishing the new orchards up to world standards. These devices allow to increase labour productivity under production of planting stock in conditions of mountain and foothill areas.
Revival of domestic agricultural engineering is an urgent and important task of the state
Authors: Kolchin N. N
Published: April 2022

The United Nations Organization has called for the need to increase world food production by 70% to 2050. Russia has 9% of world agricultural land and 2% of population of the world, and could not only provide itself with the quality production, but supply the world market. However, today the state support of our agriculture and enterprises producing agricultural machinery is insufficient. One of the most important conditions of agricultural development is a large-scale revival of domestic agricultural engineering, one of the oldest industries of the country. The article presents extracts from the history of this industry, gives an overview of main features and development trends of domestic and foreign agricultural engineering. It is noted that in recent years production and development of domestic agricultural machinery has been reduced significantly. Being its key customer and consumer, the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation stopped formerly active and useful participation in the development of technical means. Import of foreign machinery increased. But the imported machines do not always sufficiently conform to our conditions. The development of domestic production of agricultural machinery and its use are to be granted the status of top-priority task of the state. A set of measures is proposed for the implementation of this task. These measures will provide the necessary level of food security of the country, the welfare of population, the growth of food exports and raising Russia’s international standing.