bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ransomware Detection Using Stochastic Encryption Pattern Recognition
Authors: Sinakina Marina , Aratani Toshiki , Sumiyoshi Takuma , Fukuda Shoma
Published: December 2024

A comprehensive approach was developed to address the growing complexity of encryption-based cyber threats, integrating advanced stochastic modeling with hybrid classification methods. Statistical analysis of encryption behaviors allowed the detection framework to distinguish between legitimate and malicious activities with enhanced precision. Employing probabilistic inference and anomaly recognition, the methodology demonstrated significant adaptability to evolving threats, bypassing the limitations of signature-dependent techniques. Results from experimental evaluations emphasized its superior performance in identifying diverse ransomware variants, achieving high accuracy rates while maintaining computational efficiency. The investigation revealed critical patterns in key distribution and entropy metrics, offering novel insights into the operational characteristics of encryption-based attacks. Practical scalability was validated through real-time processing simulations, highlighting its suitability for enterprise applications and distributed systems. The framework’s reliance on data-driven modeling ensured minimal false positives, reinforcing its reliability in dynamic and unpredictable environments. Comparative studies showcased the framework's ability to outperform traditional heuristic and behavior-based detection systems, particularly in detecting sophisticated evasion strategies. Integration of diverse statistical and machine learning approaches contributed to a unified and scalable solution capable of addressing modern cybersecurity challenges. The methodology bridged theoretical advancements with practical applicability, making it a robust tool for defending digital infrastructures against encryption-driven threats. Insights from this study demonstrate the importance of leveraging advanced computational techniques in mitigating the impact of encryption-based attacks. Through its innovative application of statistical models, the research advances current capabilities in detecting and mitigating complex cyber threats.
REMOTE MENTAL HEALTHCARE BEFORE AND DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A RETROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY USING ROUTINE OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS
Authors: Lenhard Fabian , Amnéus Lisa Wahlström , Viklund Ida , Hultstrand Tove , Lundholm Lena , Tegenmark Thomas , Skånberg Johan , Fernández de la Cruz Lorena , Landén Mikael , Öst Lars-Göran
Published: December 2024

Background: Severe disruptions in mental healthcare services were reported during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, little data are available on whether services were able to maintain treatment efficacy during this period.Objective: The aims of this study were to 1) compare outpatient mental healthcare treatment effects before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, and 2) explore whether the proportion of remote visits affected treatment outcomes. Methods: Using a clinical cohort from two outpatient mental healthcare clinics in Stockholm, Sweden, we analyzed data from 2,290 patients to compare treatment outcomes in years 2017 to 2019 (“before” the COVID-19 pandemic) vs. years 2020 to 2022 (“during” the COVID-19 pandemic). Primary outcomes were symptom reductions on patient-reported measures of depression, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Results: We found a significant increase of remote visits during the COVID-19 pandemic (OR=10.9, 95% CI[10.49-11.27]). There were no statistically significant differences on treatment outcomes in the periods before vs. during the pandemic for any of the disorders under study. The proportion of remote visits did not have an effect on treatment outcomes. Conclusions: This large-scale naturalistic study indicates that, despite unprecedented disruptions, clinical services were able to maintain treatment outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Volunteer Geographic Information mapping of Ebola Virus With Mobile GIS using OpenStreetMap
Authors: O’Grady Laura
Published: December 2024

This article examines an application of Volunteer Geographic Information (VGI) with the aid of mobile or cell phones that was implemented for mapping the spread of the Ebola virus utilizing OpenStreetMap (OSM) as a collaborative platform. VGI is a technique that engages a localcommunity to assist in data collection during the early stages of crisis such as an outbreak of a highly contagious deadly virus. This allows for immediate, real-time mapping of affected areasproviding the opportunity for early intervention, which can avoid further spread of the contaminant. In addition, it supports optimal resource allocation, which can be limited when dealing with such crises, such as when the outbreak first occurs as the extent of the outcome is yet to be determined.Also discussed are various issues with this technique including the reliability and validity of the data collected, limitations experienced when working in rural areas, and barriers related to the literacy and technical competence amongst volunteers. Despite these limitations there is great potential role when implementing VGI, mobile phones and mapping in terms of vastly improving the situational awareness during these outbreaks, and in turn, coordinatinginterventions by health providers. Recent applications of this technique during the COVID19 outbreak are provided. The integration of VGI, mobile GIS via cell phones, and open-source platforms such as OpenStreetMap provides an extremely low barrier, cost-effective, and solution for community-engaged public mapping in a health crisis.
Predictive Code-Path Mapping for High-Precision Ransomware Detection
Authors: Roger Marie , Birchington Augustus , Huntly Magdalena , Highclere Clarimond
Published: December 2024

Predictive modeling techniques have increasingly demonstrated their value in addressing the challenges posed through evolving cyber threats. A novel methodology, Predictive Code-Path Mapping (PCPM), is introduced to detect and mitigate ransomware activities through the analysis of execution paths. Unlike traditional approaches, which often rely on static signatures or heuristic evaluations, PCPM utilizes machine learning algorithms to generate dynamic baselines for program behaviors, enabling the identification of deviations indicative of malicious intent. Experiments conducted across a diverse array of ransomware families, including LockBit, BlackMatter, and Conti, showcased detection rates exceeding 90\% in most scenarios, with false positive rates consistently maintained below 5\%. Scalability was evaluated through extensive testing on datasets ranging from 10,000 to 100,000 samples, with results indicating robust performance across all conditions. The methodology further demonstrated its resilience against polymorphic and time-based attack strategies, showing its adaptability to complex operational environments. Energy efficiency metrics revealed linear scaling with increasing dataset sizes, emphasizing the framework's feasibility for real-world deployment. Comparative analysis with existing detection frameworks highlighted substantial improvements in both detection accuracy and operational reliability. The incorporation of advanced preprocessing techniques and secure communication channels between modular components ensured data integrity and minimized vulnerabilities during detection processes. While handling encrypted traffic remains an area requiring refinement, the framework maintained high effectiveness even in environments characterized through obfuscated data. These findings collectively validate the potential of PCPM to transform ransomware detection through its predictive and scalable architecture, offering a promising direction for securing digital infrastructures against advanced threats.
Advancing Uncertain Combinatorics through Graphization, Hyperization, and Uncertainization: Fuzzy, Neutrosophic, Soft, Rough, and Beyond (Third Volume)
Authors: Fujita Takaaki , Smarandache Florentin
Published: December 2024

The third volume of “Advancing Uncertain Combinatorics through Graphization, Hyperization, and Uncertainization” delves into groundbreaking developments in uncertain combinatorics and set theory. It highlights methodologies such as graphization, hyperization, and uncertainization, seamlessly integrating fuzzy, neutrosophic, soft, and rough set theories to address uncertainty in complex systems. These innovations bridge the gap between combinatorics and graph theory, resulting in novel structures like hypergraphs and superhypergraphs. The first chapter introduces Upside-Down Logic, a framework that reverses truths and falsehoods based on contextual shifts. The second chapter focuses on Local-Neutrosophic Logic, which incorporates the concept of locality to better model uncertainty. In the third chapter, advanced set-theoretic offsets are explored, while the fourth chapter extends Plithogenic Graphs to innovative structures such as Plithogenic OffGraphs. The fifth chapter expands matroid theory with the introduction of Neutrosophic Closure Matroids, which integrate uncertainty and indeterminacy. Finally, the sixth chapter examines graph parameters, including Superhypertree-width and Neutrosophic Tree-width, to deepen the understanding of graph characteristics in uncertain contexts. This volume establishes a comprehensive framework for addressing mathematical and real-world uncertainties, laying a strong foundation for future innovations in combinatorics, set theory, and graph theory.
Advancing Uncertain Combinatorics through Graphization, Hyperization, and Uncertainization: Fuzzy, Neutrosophic, Soft, Rough, and Beyond
Authors: Fujita Takaaki
Published: December 2024

Combinatorics is a branch of mathematics focused on counting, arranging, and combining elements within a set under specific rules and constraints. This field is particularly fascinating due to its ability to yield novel results through the integration of concepts from various mathematical domains. Its significance remains unchanged in areas that address uncertainty in the real world. Set theory, another foundational area of mathematics, explores "sets," which are collections of objects that can be finite or infinite. Recent years have seen growing interest in "non-standard set theory" and "non-standard analysis." To better handle real-world uncertainty, concepts such as fuzzy sets, neutrosophic sets, rough sets, and soft sets have been introduced. For example, neutrosophic sets, which simultaneously represent truth, indeterminacy, and falsehood, have proven to be valuable tools for modeling uncertainty in complex systems. These set concepts are increasingly studied in graphized forms, and generalized graph concepts now encompass well-known structures such as hypergraphs and superhypergraphs. Furthermore, hyperconcepts and superhyperconcepts are being actively researched in areas beyond graph theory. Combinatorics, uncertain sets (including fuzzy sets, neutrosophic sets, rough sets, soft sets, and plithogenic sets), uncertain graphs, and hyper and superhyper concepts are active areas of research with significant mathematical and practical implications. Recognizing their importance, this paper explores new graph and set concepts, as well as hyper and superhyper concepts, as detailed in the "Results" section of "The Structure of the Paper." Additionally, this work aims to consolidate recent findings, providing a survey-like resource to inform and engage readers. For instance, we extend several graph concepts by introducing Neutrosophic Oversets, Neutrosophic Undersets, Neutrosophic Offsets, and the Nonstandard Real Set. This paper defines a variety of concepts with the goal of inspiring new ideas and serving as a valuable resource for researchers in their academic pursuits.
Mindshaping, Coordination, and Intuitive Alignment
Authors: Perez-Zapata Daniel Ivan
Published: December 2024

In this chapter, we will summarize recent empirical results highlighting how different groups of people solve pure coordination games. Such games are traditionally studied in behavioural economics, where two people need to coordinate without communicating with each other. Our results suggest that coordination choices vary across groups of people, and that people can adapt flexibly to these differences in order to coordinate between groups. We propose that pure coordination games are a useful empirical platform for studying aspects of mindshaping. Drawing on existing psychological literature on alignment during interactions, we suggest that experience of successful interaction leads people to develop aligned intuitions about what is relevant and appropriate that support coordination when interaction and communication is not possible. Consistent with arguments made in the literature on mindshaping we believe that such alignment is more important for coordination than mindreading inferences about mental states, and indeed that mindreading is instead a form of coordination behaviour that is dependent upon intuitive alignment.
Divergent patterns of engagement with partisan and low-quality news across seven social media platforms
Authors: Mosleh Mohsen , Allen Jennifer Nancy Lee , Rand David Gertler
Published: December 2024

In recent years, social media has become increasingly fragmented, as platforms evolve and new alternatives emerge. Yet most research studies a single platform—typically Twitter/X, or occasionally Facebook—leaving little known about the broader social media landscape. Here we shed new light on patterns of cross-platform variation in the high-stakes context of news sharing. We examine the relationship between user engagement and news domains’ political orientation and quality across seven platforms: Twitter/X, BlueSky, TruthSocial, Gab, GETTR, Mastodon, and LinkedIn. Using an exhaustive sampling strategy, we analyze all (over 10 million) posts containing links to news domains shared on these platforms during January 2024. We find that the news shared on platforms with more conservative user bases is significantly lower quality on average. Turning to patterns of engagement, we find—contrary to hypotheses of a consistent “right wing advantage” on social media—that the relationship between political lean and engagement is strongly heterogeneous across platforms. Conservative new posts receive more engagement on platforms where most content is conservative, and vice versa for liberal news posts, consistent with an “echo platform” perspective. In contrast, the relationship between news quality and engagement is strikingly consistent: across all platforms examined, lower-quality news posts received higher average engagement even though higher quality news is substantially more prevalent and garners far more total engagement across posts. This pattern holds despite accounting for poster-level variation, and is observed even in the absence of ranking algorithms, suggesting user preferences – not algorithmic – bias may underlie the underperformance of higher-quality news.
“He 99% has a diet”: Negotiating the authenticity of Mukbang videos through a Diet Culture discourse
Authors: Finetti Corinne , Sambaraju Rahul
Published: December 2024

The popularity of food-media has grown exponentially in the last decades, leading to the proliferation of dietary and nutritional advice online where weight loss is the key to good health. This paper offers a discursive psychology evaluation of how YouTube users attend to the viral Mukbang phenomenon, popular for showcasing extreme consumption performed by fit and lean creators. The analysis revealed comments oriented to these videos as performances in need of authentication, which depended on the lifestyle the creators followed off-camera. Authenticity was interactively negotiated, challenged and co-constructed revealing an underlying diet culture discourse. The comments equated thinness to wellness, achievable through healthy eating, a restricted diet and physical exercise. These findings have important implications for how online content and engagement with this content can inform broader justifications for specific diet and (un)healthy eating practices.
Exploring fNIRS-guided neurofeedback to alleviate motor symptoms: A proof-of-concept study in Parkinson‘s disease and healthy older adults
Authors: Klein Franziska , Lührs Michael , Topp Stefanie , Debener Stefan , Witt Karsten , Kranczioch Cornelia
Published: December 2024

Parkinson's disease (PD) is commonly treated with pharmacological or physical therapies, which are often associated with side effects. Combining motor imagery (MI) with neurofeedback (NFB) offers a potential complementary non-pharmacological therapy. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS)-guided NFB protocol that integrates MI of whole-body movements with changes in deoxygenated hemoglobin concentration (d[HbR]) to alleviate motor symptoms of PD.Three groups (N = 19 each) completed four training sessions. The NFB group, consisting of healthy older adults, and the PD-NFB group performed MI tasks with NFB based on supplementary motor area (SMA) activity, while the noNFB group of healthy older adults performed MI without NFB.Participants in the NFB groups generally reported positive perceptions of NFB controllability. The NFB group showed a significant increase in SMA activation compared to the noNFB group and, in part, for baseline MI compared to NFB MI. No significant differences were found between the NFB and PD-NFB groups. There was no significant difference between NFB training and baseline MI in the PD group.This study is the first to investigate fNIRS-guided NFB combining MI with d[HbR] to enhance SMA activation. The results suggest potential of the studied protocol for motor neurorehabilitation, but simultaneously highlight the need for further refinement and research.
Evidence accumulation modelling offers new insights into the cognitive mechanisms that underlie linguistic and action-based training
Authors: Parker Samantha , Cross Emily S. , Ramsey Richard
Published: December 2024

Evidence accumulation modelling has been shown to uncover new insights into the cognitive mechanisms that underlie decision making from behavioural data. By jointly modelling reaction time and accuracy data, such decision models estimate latent variables that represent distinct computaitonal processes, such as stimulus encoding, response caution and the quality of information processing. In this study we use an evidence accumulation model, the Linear Ballistic Accumulator (LBA), to shed new light into the mechanisms that underlie learning based on linguistic and action-based training. The LBA model is applied to behavioural data from a previously published training study where participants learn to name, tie or name and tie a set of knots. Our results show that training is multifaceted and associated with an increase in stimulus-encoding time, a reduction in response caution, as well as an increase in the speed of information accumulation. Furthermore, the results showed that there was an added benefit to the rate of evidence accumulation when naming and tying experience were combined. This latter finding suggests that performance benefits from multi-modal training may be instantiated in computational processes that are associated with the quantity and quality of information accumulation during decision making. Overall, in applying this computational approach to accuracy and reaction time data, we uncover new insights into the mechanisms that govern experience-dependent plasticity.
Judging object weights using familiar and newly learned cues: cue combination and individual differences
Authors: Kristiansen Olaf , Scheller Meike , Attanayake Annisha , Bambrough Emily A. , Nardini Marko
Published: December 2024

Human perception is often characterised by efficient combination of sensory signals (cues). In recent studies, people could also improve precision via newly learned cues, with applications to enhance perception in healthy and clinical groups. However, it is unclear whether new cues can enhance manual object interactions. To study how new cues are used for object weight perception, people compared weights of containers. With haptic information plus the familiar visual cue of volume, participants showed precision improvements indicating cue combination. By contrast, a group of participants briefly trained with a novel visual cue to weight (line orientation) did not show improvements expected from combination. We then asked whether prolonged training (12 hours) with the novel cue would promote combination, testing for significant precision gains individually in six participants. Half of participants showed combination benefits, but these were not clearly related to training, as some combined cues before training. Using an illusion analogous to the size-weight illusion, we also asked whether the novel cue would become an automatic predictor of weight: two participants were susceptible to the illusion. We conclude that weight perception is susceptible to some enhancement, but subject to training effects and individual differences that are not yet understood.
Conceptualization and measurement of mental health literacy in the general adult population: A scoping review of community surveys
Authors: Hill Taylor G.
Published: December 2024

Mental health literacy (MHL) is defined as knowledge and beliefs about mental disorders which aid in their recognition, management, or prevention. This scoping review mapped the peer-reviewed literature to understand how MHL is defined, conceptualized, and measured in adult community surveys. Studies (N = 77) conceptualization of MHL was largely driven by the definition and measures developed by Jorm et al. (1997). All studies used closed-ended scales and/or vignettes to measure MHL. Identifying the conceptualizations of MHL in the literature that is guiding community mental health surveys provided conceptual clarity ultimately advancing knowledge of MHL efforts.
Assessing the impact of microfinance on women's empowerment: a critical review of the literature
Authors: Shrestha Hemanta
Published: December 2024

The role of microfinance in addressing women's dis-empowerment is the critical focus of this article. Based on secondary literature, the paper offers a critical perspective on empowerment, emphasizing the role of microeconomics activities. The issues of gender inequality and the use of microfinance as a tool to combat this inequality form the foundation of the article. This review argues that microfinance can serve as a means to emancipate marginalized sections of society, particularly women. The current state of society is bleak; however, numerous financial, microfinance, and local institutions are striving to change this reality. At present, microfinance serves as a beacon of hope in addressing various genders, class, and other social issues, especially in developing countries like Nepal.
Association between Nutritional Status and Severity of Pneumonia in Under Five Years of Children Admitted at Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital
Authors: Yadav Satish , Yadav Ramesh , Mahat Ramesh Kumar , Rimal Hemsagar
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Childhood malnutrition is common in low-income and middle-income countries and increases the frequency and severity of pneumonia. The objective of this study was to determine the association between nutritional status and severity of pneumonia in under five children.
Materials and Methods: This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study of data of children between 3 months to 5 years admitted in the Department of Pediatrics of Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital with a clinical diagnosis of pneumonia from December 2023 to July 2024.
Results: One hundred seventy children were included in the study with a majority of age group 3 to 12 months (46.5 %) and male to female ratio of 3:1. There were 69 (40.6%) undernourished children and 73 (42.9%) anemic. On applying bivariate analysis, undernourishment(p<0.001, unadjusted OR=8.2, and 95%CI,3.9-17.5) and anemia (p<0.001, unadjusted OR=6, and 95%CI,2.9-12.6) were statically significant for severe pneumonia.
Conclusions: The risk of having severe pneumonia was higher in children with under-nutrition and anemia. Prevention and treatment of malnutrition in children should be prioritized to reduce severe pneumonia as well as pneumonia-related mortality.
Policies and Practices for the conservation of natural resources during infrastructure development in Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Diwat Kumar , Praveen B. M.
Published: December 2024

Rapid infrastructure development in Nepal, has created economic opportunities but poses significant challenges for natural resource conservation. This article examines the policies and practices currently in place to protect Nepal’s natural resources during infrastructure development, highlighting gaps and opportunities for improvement. It explores the role of Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs), legal frameworks, and community engagement in minimizing ecological damage from projects such as roads, hydropower, and urban development. Findings reveal that while Nepal has implemented some conservation policies, inconsistencies in enforcement, limited community involvement, and insufficient eco-friendly practices compromise environmental sustainability. The study recommends strengthening policy frameworks, enhancing EIA processes, promoting eco-friendly infrastructure practices, and fostering public-private partnerships to achieve a balanced approach. With effective conservation strategies, Nepal can progress towards a sustainable model of development that safeguards its diverse ecosystems while supporting economic growth.
Журналу «И.О.» тридцать лет. Немного истории
Authors: Katsman Roman
Published: December 2024

В честь тридцатилетия русско-израильского журнала "И.О.", его редакторы Гали-Дана и Некод Зингеры рассказывают в своем интервью о его основании и стоящих за ним идеях. Интервью предпослан исторический обзор журнала.
Przemiany sytuacji wewnętrznej i międzynarodowej w Ukrainie jako konsekwencje wojny z Rosją
Authors: Stępniewski Tomasz
Published: December 2024

This analytical article examines the impact of Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine on various aspects o Ukrainian politics and society. Since 2022, the invasion has led to significant shifts in the political landscape. While the war has solidified the existing political scene, it has also initiated processes that are reshaping the country’s political elites. Military veterans and social organisations, gaining prominence in the face of war and crisis, are increasingly influencing political and social life. The transformation of political elites also extends to the role of Ukrainian oligarchs, who have suffered substantial financial and political setbacks. Following the enactment of the “anti-oligarch law,” the Ukrainian government has sought to reduce the oligarchs’ influence, potentially leading to further erosion of their power within the political system. Meanwhile some oligarchs are adapting to the new circumstances by engaging in charitable and social activities. The article also addresses the declining role of the Moscow-affiliated Church in Ukraine. Amid the war, Ukrainia authorities have decided to limit the influence of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate, as part of a broader decolonisation effort aimed at eradicating Russian influence from Ukraine’s public and religious spheres. Lastly, the article explores the impact of Ukraine’s evolving relationship with the West on its internal dynamics. The war has accelerated Ukraine’s push for integration with the European Union and NATO, with growing public support for these institutions driving domestic reforms, including anti-corruptio measures and pro-Western systemic changes
Wpływ wojny rosyjsko-ukraińskiej na bazę ekonomiczną ubezpieczenia społecznego w Polsce
Authors: Pieńkowska-Kamieniecka Sylwia , Pacud Radosław
Published: December 2024

The aim of the article is to contribute to the issue of forecasting the economic impact of the settlement of Ukrainian refugees in Poland on the social insurance economic base. The immigration wave study established the state of registered immigration in Poland as of 8 August 2022 which amounted to 1.3 million Ukrainians. The main area of research presented in this article is the recognition of changes in the potential of the labour factor in the economic base of the Polish social security system. The results of the projections of population change in Poland and the projections of the ratio of the post-working age population to th working age population without and with Ukrainians in three variants and scenarios are presented. The study shows that population changes in Poland with war refugees from Ukraine will slightly alter the level of the demographic replacement rate for the baseline scenario. However, under the most negative scenario in Ukraine, there will be a noticeable improvement in the demographic dependency ratio. An increase in the demographic burden will create growing problems for the financing of pension systems in Poland as well as in Europe as a whole.
Strong Correlation Between Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand Score and Modified Mayo Wrist Score Affected by Radius Union Scoring System and C-Reactive Protein in Patients with Conservatively Managed Distal Radius Fracture
Authors: Putra Ryan
Published: December 2024

Introduction:
Fractures of the distal radius are the most common fractures in the upper extremity. The conservative management of these fractures often yields favorable outcomes, which can be measured using various scoring systems, and are often associated with controlled inflammatory response. This study aims to determine whether the Modified Mayo Wrist Score (MMWS) can be an alternative to the gold standard Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score. Additionally, we investigate the effect of the Radius Union Scoring System (RUSS) and the C-Reactive Protein (CRP) inflammatory marker to those scores.

Material & Methods:
Patient samples were consecutively taken from a population of patients with conservatively managed distal radius fractures using a cast. The patients were treated with a cast for 6 weeks, followed by a radiographic evaluation to assess the RUSS score and blood sampling in the 9th week to measure CRP level. In the 12th week, the DASH and MMWS were assessed.

Result:
Correlative analysis showed a strong correlation between MMWS and DASH score, and a predictive correlation between RUSS and CRP level toward MMWS and DASH score.

Conclusion:
The MMWS scoring system correlates with the DASH score, making it a promising scoring system in clinical practice, while a high RUSS score and low 9th-week CRP level can cause better functional outcomes in patients with conservatively managed distal radius fracture.
Current Update in Achilles Tendon Rupture Management: Operative or Nonoperative?
Authors: Deslivia Maria Florencia
Published: December 2024

The Achilles tendon is the most commonly ruptured tendon in the foot and ankle region. The peak incidence of Achilles tendon rupture occurs in the age range of 30-49 years, with a higher prevalence among males. Various risk factors, including aging, obesity, episodic athletic activity, engagement in high-impact sports, antibiotic use, and systemic factors, contribute to the occurrence of Achilles tendon rupture. Beyond the injury mechanism, it is crucial to assess any history of minor or repetitive trauma to the Achilles tendon and identify associated risk factors. Thorough examination and comparison of both the affected and unaffected sides are essential. While the diagnosis of Achilles Tendon Rupture is primarily clinical, radiological imaging can aid in visualizing the tendon gap. Treatment options for Achilles tendon rupture include conservative and surgical approaches. Despite a lower re-rupture rate associated with surgical treatment, recent evidence suggests that conservative treatment provides comparable results. However, return to activity was found to be better in surgical treatment with early rehabilitation
Екзистенційно-феноменологічний підхід до музично-виконавської комунікативності студентів факультетів мистецтв
Authors: MYRMYK Mykhailo
Published: December 2024

Розкрито екзистенційно-феноменологічний підхід до музичної комунікації особистості через унікальну сутність людини у власному світі. При цьому музично-виконавська комунікативність студентів факультетів мистецтв простежується саме через знаходження таких світоглядних центрів, що є сталими та динамічними утвореннями. Виокремлено різновиди установок виходячи з активності індивіда (формування часової реальності) та споглядальності (сприйняття позачасової предметності). Згідно з екзистенційно-феноменологічною дослідницькою стратегією відстежено фази музичної свідомості у студентів факультетів мистецтв, які передбачають музичну інтерпретацію слухацького сприйняття. Окреслено феноменологічне конструювання з позиції зростаючої діяльності суб’єкта, що проявляються у ролі прагнень, бажань і «особистісних» актів свідомості, виокремлення у музичному предметі тих елементів музичної свідомості та суб’єктивності, в яких містяться істотні якості. А це дозволяє студенту факультету мистецтв самостійно обирати шлях особистісного розвитку, точніше усвідомлювати процес набуття освіченості та професійних якостей.
Формування музично-творчих здібностей здобувачів передвищої фахової освіти у процесі інструментального виконавства
Authors: PYAVKA Kateryna
Published: December 2024

Досліджується формування музично-творчих здібностей здобувачів фахової передвищої освіти у процесі навчання гри на музичних інструментах. Окрема увага приділяється методичним рекомендаціям та інноваційним підходам, які сприяють розвитку творчого потенціалу студентів у сфері виконавської діяльності. Розглядаються сучасні методи навчання, що поєднують традиційні та новаторські техніки, спрямовані на підвищення рівня музичної майстерності та особистісного зростання майбутніх музикантів.
Порівняльний аналіз виконавських інтерпретацій Сонати Й. Брамса № 2 для кларнета (або альта) з фортепіано
Authors: SKOPYCH Alla , TOLPYGO-RUSINA Natalia
Published: December 2024

Стаття висвітлює дві унікальні інтерпретації сонати Й. Брамса №2 для кларнета (або альта) з фортепіано. Твір Й. Брамса розглянуто з точки зору композиторського задуму (реального, умовно-реального, гіпотетичного). У процесі аналізу сонати визначена її музична і композиційно-драматургічна ідея, що дозволило проаналізувати інтерпретації цього музичного твору у виконавських версіях для кларнета і альта. Порівняльний аналіз виконання цього твору видатними музикантами доводить, що поглиблене занурення у процес осмислення виконавських інтерпретацій музичних творів дозволяє найактивніше проявити себе у навчальної та виконавської діяльності.
Biosafety provision in large halls. Case study
Authors: Tsiuriupa Yurii
Published: December 2024

Purpose. To research air sanitation by plants on the example of the winter garden of the Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture (KNUCA)
Methods. passive sedimentation method using Omelianskyi formula, comparison with the results obtained by leaf disk method.
Results. The research has been performed in the winter garden of Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture. The area of it is 930 m2. It contains phytoncidal plants Areca lutescens hort, Diffenbahia seguine Scott, Dracaena compacta L, Dracaena fragrans L., Ficus benjamina L., Ficus elastica L., Hibiscus rosa sinensis, Monstera deliciosa Liebm, Phoenix dactylifera, Schefflera actinophylla L, and Yucca elephantipes L. The results show that the microbial number in the areas of the winter garden isn’t hazardous but relatively high – up to 5,9 kCFU/m2, which corresponds to gathering people, having a meal, and ventilation designed before the COVID-19 pandemic. At the distance of 1 m from plants, the number is from 2.5 to 11 times less – from 0,5 to 2,4 kCFU/m2. The results correlate with the research performed in Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture 2007-2013 for phytoncidal plants of different species.
Scientific Novelty. The research of phytoncidal activity of plants in a university in Kyiv.
Practical Significance. It’s proved that the microbial number and the danger of airborne infections are significantly less near the phytoncidal plants. Recommendations to improve the biosafety are issued. It’s recommended to put phytoncidal plants between the tables in the cafeteria to improve the biosafety at having a meal. It is also proposed to use the walls for more intensive landscaping of the winter garden.
Keywords: biosafety, airborne infection, large room, phytoncide, phytodesign, indoor greening
FORMATION OF COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE IN FUTURE SOCIAL WORKERS USING THE MEANS OF YOUTH WORK
Authors: Shtompel Kostiantyn
Published: December 2024

The article, based on the analysis of theory and practice, characterizes the features of the formation of communicative competence in future social workers by means of youth work.It has been established that youth work is a relevant direction of youth policy development today – a promising field of professional activity with young people, which requires the development of training and the field of employment of youth workers, the level of popularization of youth work in all regions and cities of Ukraine. According to the terminology of the Council of Europe in the fields of youth policy, human rights and non-formal education, the concept of «youth work» is defined as a tool for personal development, social integration and active citizenship of young people.A key aspect of the development of youth policy and youth work is the staffing of youth infrastructure for state authorities and local governments. This involves the creation of a system of training, retraining and advanced training of specialists in the field of youth policy. Regular training of employees whose activities are directly related to the implementation of youth policy is also important.The author analyzed scientific, educational and methodological sources in order to identify the main approaches to defining the concept of «communicative competence».It was found that an effective means of forming the communicative competence of future specialists is youth work as a field of professional activity that is focused on young people and contributes to improving the conditions of personal and social growth of young people in accordance with their needs and capabilities, supporting their spiritual and physical development.The theoretical-practical and organizational-methodical aspects of the formation of the communicative competence of the individual by means of youth work are highlighted as prospects for further research.
Palynological Investigation of Some Trifolium L. (Fabaceae) Species Distributed in Şanlıurfa
Authors: Altın Fatma , Çeter Talip , Akan Hasan , Bıyıklıoğlu Oktay
Published: December 2024

In this study, the pollen morphology of 5 species (Trifolium boissieri Guss. ex-Soy. -Will. & Godr., T. dasyurum C.Presl, T. pauciflorum d'Urv., T. scabrum L., and T. spumosum L.) belonging to the genus Trifolium L. from the Fabaceae family, distributed in Şanlıurfa province, was examined with light and electron microscopes. Within the framework of the palynological study, pollen shapes, ornamentations, pore and colpus lengths and widths were determined and their measurements were given. Pollen grains are generally monad in structure, have trizonocolporate aperture, and subprolate to prolate-spheroidal shape. Ornamentation generally shows significant differences in polar and equatorial regions. In the pollen grains examined, perforate, psilate-perforate, and reticulate ornamentation is seen in the polar region, while microreticulate and reticulate ornamentation is dominant in the equatorial region. While the polar axis lengths were determined to be between 38.67-29.19 μm on average, the equatorial axis length was determined to be between 33.79-23.45 μm on average. As a result of the study, it was determined that characters such as pollen shape, pollen size, and surface ornamentation differed among species and these were the characters that could have taxonomic value in the systematic distinction of species.
High intracranial pressure following endoscopic third ventriculostomy: illustrative case
Authors: Sokol Zachary , Gupta Rohan V. , Ziechmann Robert , Shepard Scott R.
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) is an effective procedure for the treatment of triventriculomegaly associated with aqueductal stenosis. However, some patients can develop severe and symptomatic intracranial pressure (ICP) elevations in the immediate postoperative period that can be monitored and treated with external ventricular drain (EVD) placement and controlled cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion until the ICP normalizes and symptoms resolve.

OBSERVATIONS

The authors describe the case of a 39-year-old male who underwent ETV and intraoperative EVD placement for obstructive hydrocephalus associated with aqueductal stenosis. The patient was noted to have sustained ICP elevations in the immediate perioperative period but ultimately experienced a successful clinical outcome without requiring a ventriculoperitoneal shunt.

LESSONS

Significant sustained ICP elevations in the immediate postoperative period following ETV can occur and may indicate a prolonged adjustment period. These elevations can be tolerated if the patient’s symptoms and ICP are well controlled, with temporary external CSF diversion if the patient becomes symptomatic, as the ICP will likely normalize with a reassuring clinical outcome.

https://thejns.org/doi/10.3171/CASE24478
Plant growth regulator optimization for improved rooting efficiency in golden kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis Planch.)
Authors: MORIRI AMIRANGIA , MAILA YVONNE , SHADUNG KAGISO
Published: December 2024

The advancement of the kiwifruit industry in South Africa (SA), necessitates the development of other kiwifruit cultivars to supplement the Actinidia deliciosa kiwifruit. However, rooting difficulties are often experienced without the use of plant growth regulators. The effect of Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) alone and in combination with Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) on rooting Actinidia chinensis stem cuttings was investigated. The study was conducted at Politsi Nursery, Tzaneen, Limpopo province of SA in 2021-22, mainly during winter months (May-August) for 120 days. In experiment 1, semi-hardwood stem cuttings were treated with 0 (control), 2500, 5000, 7500 and 10000 ppm IBA. In experiment 2, treatments comprised a combination of various IBA and a constant concentration of NAA, namely, 0 + 0 (control), 2500 + 1000, 5000 + 1000, 7500 + 1000 and 10000 + 1000 ppm, respectively. In experiment 1, the highest (90%) rooting percentage, highest dry root mass (0.45 g) and the longest (7.25 cm) root were obtained at 5000 ppm IBA. In experiment 2, the highest (80%) rooting percentage and number of roots (9.06) were observed at 7500 IBA + 1000 NAA ppm. In conclusion, the use of IBA alone proved its suitability for enhancing rooting percentage, dry root mass and longer root formation compared to IBA in combination with NAA.
Interaction between acceptability and probability: Evidence from predicate agreement with a coordinated subject in Russian
Authors: Studenikina Ksenia А.
Published: December 2024

The study aims to establish whether language models trained on unlabeled text data can parametrize agreement variation. We compared the acceptability judgments made by native speakers and the probability metrics predicted by the language model ruBERT without fine-tuning. As a specific linguistic phenomenon, we considered predicate agreement with a coordinated subject in Russian. We analyzed in detail which syntactic, morphological, and semantic factors influenced sentence acceptability and probability. The experimental data enables us to reveal the role of each factor and their interaction. Besides the standard logarithmic probability, we considered sentence length and unigram probability. We assumed that the model would assign the highest probability to the most acceptable agreement strategy. However, our hypothesis was not confirmed: the correlation between probability and acceptability is lower for sentences with agreement variation than for sentences without variation. The linear position — the subject-predicate order and the conjuncts’ order — turned out to be the only factor which equally influences the acceptability and probability of a sentence. If the gender features of conjuncts match, the acceptability of singular agreement increases while the probability does not change. The animacy of conjuncts and the predicate symmetry influence neither acceptability nor probability. Our research demonstrates that ruBERT cannot be used to parametrize predicate agreement with a coordinated subject. The acceptability of a sentence is based on subtle linguistic contrasts which are not significant for the computer evaluation of its probability.
On typologically relevant properties of Andic verbal grammatical systems
Authors: Filatov Konstantin V.
Published: December 2024

Despite the fact that Andic languages ( East Caucasian) are widely recognised as agglutinating, their verbal systems barely demonstrate any agglutinating properties. The most important characteristics of these systems are the incomplete orthogonality of grammatical categories and the related properties of semantic non-additivity or morphological idiomaticity. In terms of morphotactic structure, different Andic systems can be either morphotactically complex or simplex. The difference is related to the intensity of fusional processes in the system. The relationship between the structures of semantic and formal oppositions in such systems is opaque. Many formatives in formally additive systems exhibit morphomic properties, and their decreased combinatorial potential is manifested in the hierarchical structure of the paradigm. From a typological perspective, such peculiarities are not unexpected for systems expressing predominantly TAM meanings. The paper proposes a number of diachronic considerations to explain the observed characteristics of the systems. Non-orthogonality and semantic non-additivity can be explained by asynchronous grammaticalization, which prevents the formation of orthogonal categories with additive means of expression and is related to different stability of meanings in the system and different rates of their diachronic renovation. Morphomic and hierarchical structures in the paradigm arise due to layering and grammatical drift leading to polysemic and heterosemic meaning structures of markers.
Determination of isoniazid by photometric method through covalent binding with carbocyanine dye
Authors: Skorobogatov E. V. , Timchenko Yu. V. , Doroshenko I. A. , Podrugina T. A. , Rodin I. A. , Beklemishev M. K.
Published: December 2024

Substitution reactions in carbocyanine dyes are used to determine nucleophilic compounds. The interaction of a chlorine-containing carbocyanine with a number of medicinal substances has been studied. It was shown that in the reaction with isoniazid in the presence of surfactants, this dye selectively changes color from yellow-green to purple. Chromatography-mass spectrometry has proven the formation of the substitution product of chlorine with isoniazid. The reaction occurs within 20 minutes in the presence of 1 mM cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. The detection limit of isoniazid in water by photometric method was 10 µg/mL; in diluted artificial urine using fluorimetry, it was 0.3 µg/mL. The method does not require full-spectrum equipment, which simplifies the determination.