bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Niemeier Lattices in the Free Fermionic Heterotic–String Formulation
Authors: Athanasopoulos Panos , Faraggi Alon E.
Published: August 2017

The spinor–vector duality was discovered in free fermionic constructions of the heterotic string in four dimensions. It played a key role in the construction of heterotic–string models with an anomaly-free extra Z′ symmetry that may remain unbroken down to low energy scales. A generic signature of the low scale string derived Z′ model is via diphoton excess that may be within reach of the LHC. A fascinating possibility is that the spinor–vector duality symmetry is rooted in the structure of the heterotic–string compactifications to two dimensions. The two-dimensional heterotic–string theories are in turn related to the so-called moonshine symmetries that underlie the two-dimensional compactifications. In this paper, we embark on exploration of this connection by the free fermionic formulation to classify the symmetries of the two-dimensional heterotic–string theories. We use two complementary approaches in our classification. The first utilises a construction which is akin to the one used in the spinor–vector duality. Underlying this method is the triality property of SO(8) representations. In the second approach, we use the free fermionic tools to classify the twenty-four-dimensional Niemeier lattices.
Noncommutative Spacetime Symmetries from Covariant Quantum Mechanics
Authors: Moia Alessandro
Published: August 2017

In the last decades, noncommutative spacetimes and their deformed relativistic symmetries have usually been studied in the context of field theory, replacing the ordinary Minkowski background with an algebra of noncommutative coordinates. However, spacetime noncommutativity can also be introduced into single-particle covariant quantum mechanics, replacing the commuting operators representing the particle’s spacetime coordinates with noncommuting ones. In this paper, we provide a full characterization of a wide class of physically sensible single-particle noncommutative spacetime models and the associated deformed relativistic symmetries. In particular, we prove that they can all be obtained from the standard Minkowski model and the usual Poincaré transformations via a suitable change of variables. Contrary to previous studies, we find that spacetime noncommutativity does not affect the dispersion relation of a relativistic quantum particle, but only the transformation properties of its spacetime coordinates under translations and Lorentz transformations.
Alternative Mathematical Models and Solution Approaches for Lot‐Sizing and Scheduling Problems in the Brewery Industry: Analyzing Two Different Situations
Authors: Baldo Tamara A. , Morabito Reinaldo , Santos Maristela O. , Guimarães Luis
Published: August 2017

This research proposes new approaches to deal with the production planning and scheduling problem in brewery facilities. Two real situations found in factories are addressed, which differ by considering (or not) the setup operations in tanks that provide liquid for bottling lines. Depending on the technology involved in the production process, the number of tank swaps is relevant (Case A) or it can be neglected (Case B). For both scenarios, new MIP (Mixed Integer Programming) formulations and heuristic solution methods based on these formulations are proposed. In order to evaluate the approach for Case A, we compare the results of a previous study with the results obtained in this paper. For the solution methods and the result analysis of Case B, we propose adaptations of Case A approaches yielding an alternative MIP formulation to represent it. Therefore, the main contributions of this article are twofold: (i) to propose alternative MIP models and solution methods for the problem in Case A, providing better results than previously reported, and (ii) to propose new MIP models and solution methods for Case B, analyzing and comparing the results and benefits for Case B considering the technology investment required.
Distributed Monocular SLAM for Indoor Map Building
Authors: Egodagamage Ruwan , Tuceryan Mihran
Published: August 2017

Utilization and generation of indoor maps are critical elements in accurate indoor tracking. Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) is one of the main techniques for such map generation. In SLAM an agent generates a map of an unknown environment while estimating its location in it. Ubiquitous cameras lead to monocular visual SLAM, where a camera is the only sensing device for the SLAM process. In modern applications, multiple mobile agents may be involved in the generation of such maps, thus requiring a distributed computational framework. Each agent can generate its own local map, which can then be combined into a map covering a larger area. By doing so, they can cover a given environment faster than a single agent. Furthermore, they can interact with each other in the same environment, making this framework more practical, especially for collaborative applications such as augmented reality. One of the main challenges of distributed SLAM is identifying overlapping maps, especially when relative starting positions of agents are unknown. In this paper, we are proposing a system having multiple monocular agents, with unknown relative starting positions, which generates a semidense global map of the environment.
The Training Effect of Early Intervention with a Hybrid Assistive Limb after Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Fukaya Takashi , Mutsuzaki Hirotaka , Yoshikawa Kenichi , Sano Ayumu , Mizukami Masafumi , Yamazaki Masashi
Published: August 2017

After total knee arthroplasty (TKA), it is important for patients to show early improvements in knee joint function and walking to regain independence in performing the activities of daily life. We conducted for 4 weeks an intervention one week after TKA using a hybrid assistive limb (HAL: unilateral leg type) as an exoskeleton robotic device to facilitate knee joint function and walking. The intervention improved the range of knee extension movement safely and without pain compared to preoperation. In addition, we found that training with the HAL improved walking ability, speed, and rate, as well as the time taken to perform the timed up and go (TUG) test compared to preoperation. The strength of the quadriceps muscle did not improve with training; however, the patient was able to induce a knee extensor moment during the initial stance phase, as measured by kinetics and kinematics, and these actions could be performed without pain. HAL training soon after TKA improved knee joint function in a 76-year-old patient who presented with OA of the knee. The improvements in knee extension lag and knee extensor moment allowed the patient to walk without pain and regain ADL in comparison with preoperation.
A Qualitative Study to Explore Ways to Observe Results of Engaging Activities in Clients with Dementia
Authors: Ogawa Masahiro , Nishida Seiji , Shirai Haruna
Published: August 2017

Background. Many occupational therapists face the challenge of helping clients with dementia to select and perform meaningful occupations, which may be difficult due to cognitive impairment. Understanding tacit knowledge of well-experienced occupational therapists could positively affect occupational therapy practice for clients with dementia. Objectives of Study. To explore the observations of experienced occupational therapists when evaluating the effects of activities in clients with dementia. Methods. Ten occupational therapists with over 10 years of clinical experience participated in this qualitative study. In-depth interviews were conducted to ask the question, “What do you observe in clients with dementia when you assess the effectiveness of activities among these clients?” Findings. From 47 cases, we found five major themes and 18 subthemes. Main themes were “engaging activity,” “emotional expression during activity,” “verbal expression during activity,” “social interaction through activity,” and “something obtained as outcome of activity.” Relevance to Clinical Practice. The 18 subthemes could be used as viewpoints to observe engagements of activity in clients with dementia. Limitations and Recommendations for Further Research. Future studies could examine which viewpoints were utilized for each type of activity and/or severity of dementia as this was not investigated in the current study.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers of Pediatric Hydrocephalus
Authors: Limbrick Jr David D. , Castaneyra-Ruiz Leandro , Han Roland H. , Berger Daniel , McAllister James P. , Morales Diego M.
Published: August 2017

Hydrocephalus (HC) is a common, debilitating neurological condition that requires urgent clinical decision-making. At present, neurosurgeons rely heavily on a patient's history, physical examination findings, neuroimaging, and clinical judgment to make the diagnosis of HC or treatment failure (e.g., shunt malfunction). Unfortunately, these tools, even in combination, do not eliminate subjectivity in clinical decisions. In order to improve the management of infants and children with HC, there is an urgent need for new biomarkers to complement currently available tools and enable clinicians to confidently establish the diagnosis of HC, assess therapeutic efficacy/treatment failure, and evaluate current and future developmental challenges, so that every child has access to the resources they need to optimize their outcome and quality of life.
MicroRNA-Dependent Control of Serotonin-Induced Pulmonary Arterial Contraction
Authors: Dahan Diana , Hien Tran Thi , Tannenberg Philip , Ekman Mari , Rippe Catarina , Boettger Thomas , Braun Thomas , Tran-Lundmark Karin , Tran Phan-Kiet , Swärd Karl , Albinsson Sebastian
Published: August 2017

Background: Serotonin (5-HT) is considered to play a role in pulmonary arterial hypertension by regulating vascular remodeling and smooth muscle contractility. Here, arteries from mice with inducible and smooth muscle-specific deletion of Dicer were used to address mechanisms by which microRNAs control 5-HT-induced contraction. Methods: Mice were used 5 weeks after Dicer deletion, and pulmonary artery contractility was analyzed by wire myography. Results: No change was seen in right ventricular systolic pressure following dicer deletion, but systemic blood pressure was reduced. Enhanced 5-HT-induced contraction in Dicer KO pulmonary arteries was associated with increased 5-HT2A receptor mRNA expression whereas 5-HT1B and 5-HT2B receptor mRNAs were unchanged. Contraction by the 5-HT2A agonist TCB-2 was increased in Dicer KO as was the response to the 5-HT2B agonist BW723C86. Effects of Src and protein kinase C inhibition were similar in control and KO arteries, but the effect of inhibition of Rho kinase was reduced. We identified miR-30c as a potential candidate for 5-HT2A receptor regulation as it repressed 5-HT2A mRNA and protein. Conclusion: Our findings show that 5-HT receptor signaling in the arterial wall is subject to regulation by microRNAs and that this entails altered 5-HT2A receptor expression and signaling.
Gamma Knife Radiosurgery for Cavernous Sinus Meningiomas: Analysis of Outcome in 166 Patients
Authors: Azar Maziar , Kazemi Farid , Jahanbakhshi Amin , Chanideh Iran , Jalessi Maryam , Amini Elahe , Geraily Ghazale , Farhadi Mohammad
Published: August 2017

Objectives: The outcomes of Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) for cavernous sinus meningioma (CSM) are presented, and factors possibly affecting outcome are investigated. Methods: The medical records and imaging and procedural reports of 166 patients with CSM were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic data, procedural data, symptomatic improvement, radiological regression, and progression-free survival (PFS) rates were evaluated. Results: There were 124 women and 42 men; including 44 postoperative and 122 primary GKRS cases. Mean follow-up was 32.4 months. Mean marginal dose was 13 Gy. Symptomatic improvement was seen in 40.4%, while neurologic deterioration occurred in 9.6%; 50% remained symptomatically stable. Radiological regression was noted in 57.2%; the tumor remained stable in 35.5%, and 7.2% of the patients experienced tumor progression. The actuarial 5- and 10-year PFS rates were 90.1% (±3.3) and 75.8% (±8.8), respectively. History of previous surgery or radiotherapy were associated with lower symptomatic improvement. Higher tumor coverage and isodose lines were accompanied with better radiological prognosis. However, a history of conventional radiotherapy, presence of facial sensory deficits at presentation, a higher tumor volume, and tumor extension to the suprasellar compartment affected the radiologic outcome negatively. Conclusion: This study revealed a high efficacy and safety for GKRS in both postoperative and primary GKRS patients. Achievability of a good profile of tumor coverage and isodose lines at radiosurgical planning predict a better outcome.
Microvessel Density as a Surrogate Prognostic Marker in Patients with Multiple Myeloma: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ntellas Panagiotis , Perivoliotis Konstantinos , Dadouli Katerina , Koukoulis Georgios K. , Ioannou Maria
Published: August 2017

Background/Aims: Bone marrow (BM) angiogenesis is considered a hallmark of multiple myeloma (MM) development and progression, and can be quantified with the use of microvessel density (MVD). The purpose of this study is to provide a review and a meta-analysis of the current literature regarding the prognostic value of MVD in the overall survival (OS) of MM patients. Methods: MEDLINE was screened for studies evaluating the OS of MM patients with regard to their MVD count in BM trephine. The pooled hazard ratio (HR) and its associated 95% confidence interval (CI) among MM patients with a high and low MVD count was the primary end point. Secondary outcomes included odds ratios (OR) for 12-, 36-, and 60-month survival. Results: Ten eligible trials were identified for the analysis of the primary end point and 9 for the secondary end points. Pooled HR for OS was 1.85 (95% CI: 1.25-2.73, p = 0.002). The pooled OR of survival were 1.59 (95% CI: 1.02-2.46, p = 0.04) at 12 months, 2.90 (95% CI: 1.68-5.03, p = 0.0001) at 36 months, and 3.42 (95% CI: 2.41-4.85, p < 0.00001) at 60 months, in favor of the low MVD group. Conclusion: This meta-analysis provides persuasive evidence that MVD has significant impact on the clinical outcome of MM patients.
Call for Caution: Neonatal Portal Vein Thrombosis following Enbucrilate Embolization of Placental Chorioangioma
Authors: Voon Hian Yan , Amin Rafaie , Kok Juan Loong , Tan Kia Sing
Published: August 2017

We illustrate a case of giant placental chorioangioma presenting at 20 weeks of gestation. Subsequent monitoring revealed enlargement of the lesion, associated with fetal anemia and cardiac failure, prompting in utero intervention. Amnioreduction followed by percutaneous embolization of the tumour with enbucrilate:Lipiodol Ultra-Fluid™ at a dilution of 1:5 was successfully performed. No repeat intervention or additional supportive measures were required throughout pregnancy and the baby was delivered at 36 weeks of gestation, following spontaneous labour. Due to prolonged neonatal jaundice, further investigations were undertaken, demonstrating subacute right portal vein thrombosis. Other previously reported causes of neonatal portal vein thrombosis such as umbilical vein thrombosis, neonatal umbilical vein catheterization, thrombophilia and sepsis were excluded. There was resolution of the thrombus by 6 months of life. A brief discussion of measures to minimize the risk of such an event and the long-term outcomes of neonatal portal vein thrombosis was included. Whilst the simplicity and efficacy of the procedure has been demonstrated in a handful of patients, judgment on its safety is best deferred. Counselling should be comprehensive, as even rare complications can result in significant postnatal morbidity.
Do We Need Mechanical Bowel Preparation before Benign Gynecologic Laparoscopic Surgeries A Randomized, Single-Blind, Controlled Trial
Authors: Mulayim Baris , Karadag Burak
Published: August 2017

Aims: The primary objective of this study was to compare the effect of mechanical bowel preparation (MBP) with oral sodium phosphate (NaP) solution vs. MBP with NaP enema vs. fasting only with respect to intraoperative visualization of the surgical field, ease of bowel handling, and overall ease of surgery in patients undergoing benign gynecologic laparoscopic procedures. Methods: The patients were randomized into one of 3 groups: oral NaP, NaP enema, or fasting only. The primary surgeon and assistant(s) remained blinded to the randomization assignments. Intraoperative visualization of the surgical field, ease of bowel handling, and overall ease of surgery were assessed using a surgeon questionnaire based on Visual Analog Scales. Results: We enrolled 293 women, of whom 278 were randomized to receive oral NaP solution (n = 96), undergo NaP enema (n = 92), or perform fasting only (n = 90). No significant differences were found between the 3 groups. Conclusions: No differences were observed among patients who underwent MBP with oral NaP or NaP enema and those without MBP, with respect to intraoperative visualization of the surgical field, ease of bowel handling, and overall ease of surgery. No benefit of MBP was found when removing large uteri or when operating on patients with a high body mass index.
Colistin dampens fibrinolysis and endothelial activation during endotoxaemia
Authors: Schoergenhofer Christian , Matzneller Peter , Mußbacher Marion , Schmid Johannes A. , Jilma-Stohlawetz Petra , Zeitlinger Markus , Jilma Bernd
Published: August 2017

Colistin electrostatically interacts with lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Preclinical studies demonstrated beneficial effects of colistin on LPS-induced coagulation and fibrinolysis. The objective of this trial was to investigate the effects of colistin during experimental endotoxaemia. In this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial 16 healthy volunteers received a 2 ng/kg LPS bolus after infusion of 2.5 million IU colistin or placebo. Plasma levels of F1+2 prothrombin fragments, thrombin-antithrombin complexes (TAT), von Willebrand factor antigen levels (vWF), E-selectin, plasmin-antiplasmin complexes (PAP), tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) antigen and activity, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) were measured. Infusion of colistin significantly reduced peak concentrations of PAP complexes by 70 %, t-PA antigen levels by 63 % and t-PA activity by 48 %, while PAI-1 levels decreased numerically by 63 %. Two hours after the LPS bolus F1+2 levels and TAT complexes were slightly reduced in the colistin period, but peak concentrations were similar in both periods. Colistin blunted the LPS induced four-fold increase in soluble E-Selectin levels by ∼50 % and the two-fold increase in vWF antigen levels by ∼70 %. The LPS-scavenging actions of colistin significantly reduce endothelial activation and fibrinolytic response in the human endotoxaemia model, while the activation of the coagulation system remains largely unaffected.

Note: This work was conducted at the Medical University of Vienna.

EudraCT-Nr.: 2014–00285720

Supplementary Material to this article is available online at http://www.thrombosis-online.com
GENÉTICA E MEIO AMBIENTE: DECORRÊNCIAS ÉTICAS E JURÍDICAS DA ECOGENÉTICA
Authors: Naves Bruno Torquato de Oliveira , Fernandes Fabíola Ramos , Nascimento Simone Murta  Cardoso do
Published: August 2017

O presente trabalho tem por escopo analisar as decorrências éticas, sociais e jurídicas de um específico ramo da genética: a ecogenética. Para tanto, foi adotada pesquisa bibliográfica, com base em fontes doutrinárias interdisciplinares, para se revisar a literatura sobre o tema, que ainda é escassa. O objeto de estudo da ecogenética é a inter-relação entre o meio ambiente e as características genéticas individuais que alteram as condições gerais de saúde. O atual desenvolvimento da biociência provocou uma alteração no foco, do tratamento e cura para a prevenção das doenças, assim como despertou questionamentos éticos sobre a influência das características genéticas e da atuação do meio ambiente sobre elas. Desloca-se o agir humano para a perspectiva da responsabilidade conferida tanto ao indivíduo, isoladamente, quanto à coletividade, em relação às gerações presentes e futuras. A importância do estudo no campo da ecogenética espraia-se para além de interesses individuais e familiares e traduz-se também na importância da adoção de medidas governamentais de prevenção.
OS ESTUDOS DE CASO DOS INIBIDORES DE APETITE E DA FOSFOETANOLAMINA SINTÉTICA: A FRAGILIZAÇÃO DO PAPEL DA ANVISA
Authors: Faleiros Ana Carolina Perdigão
Published: August 2017

Este artigo trata sobre a fragilização do importante papel da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária que é de proteção da saúde da população – exercido, principalmente, pela mitigação dos riscos decorrentes do consumo de produtos sujeitos a seu controle, tais como os medicamentos. Essa desvalorização da agência está sendo causada pelas crescentes ameaças as suas competências, em grande parte por decisões do Congresso Nacional movidas por pressões de alguns grupos ou mesmo por comoções sociais iludidas por panaceias. São analisados dois casos emblemáticos: o dos inibidores de apetite e o da fosfoetanolamina sintética (a "pílula do câncer").
A UTILIZAÇÃO DOS PROTOCOLOS CLÍNICOS E DIRETRIZES TERAPÊUTICAS E A RACIONALIZAÇÃO DA JUDICIALIZAÇÃO DO DIREITO À SAÚDE
Authors: Duarte Clarice Seixas , Braga Paulo Vitor Bérgamo
Published: August 2017

O artigo analisa a adoção dos Protocolos Clínicos e Diretrizes Terapêuticas (PCDTs) como parâmetro objetivo a ser utilizado pelos tribunais nas ações judiciais cujo objeto são prestações de natureza positiva voltadas à efetivação do direito à saúde. Tal referencial pode auxiliar o juiz na tarefa de decidir as demandas judiciais de fornecimento de medicamentos, garantindo a prevalência da racionalidade prevista pelo formulador das políticas públicas correlatas e, consequentemente, a utilização de argumentos técnico-políticos na distribuição de bens e recursos de saúde. Contudo, não se trata de um parâmetro absoluto, podendo o conteúdo do PCDT ser questionado, até mesmo judicialmente. Com isso, a ação judicial passa a ser utilizada como um instrumento de democratização e de controle social de escolhas públicas, o que pode vir a impactar a própria política de saúde.
Avaliação do estado de conservação da vegetação nas encostas da Serra do Mar - Município de Cubatão, utilizando sensoriamento remoto e SIG
Authors: Afonso Cintia Maria , Bitencourt Marisa Dantas
Published: August 2017

O município de Cubatão, no estado de São Paulo, sedia atividade industrial de importância nacional, principalmente nas áreas siderúrgica, petroquímica e química. No entanto, sua localização na planície litorânea junto à base da Serra do Mar não favorece a dispersão dos poluentes atmosféricos lançados diariamente pelas indústrias. Essa condição tem gerado sérios problemas de degradação da vegetação que cobre a área serrana, tendo sido detectados, em meados da década de 80, inúmeros escorregamentos do solo que cobre as encostas. Nessa época, o governo do estado, através da CETESB, iniciou programa de controle da poluição industrial no município, incluindo o replantio de espécies nativas da Mata Atlântica que cobre as encostas. O presente estudo pretende verificar o estado de conservação dessa vegetação após seu replantio, utilizando sensoriamento remoto e sistema de informação geográfica ou SIG
Dimensões de Performance de Projetos Paisagísticos Contemporâneos na Orla Marítima de Salvador, Bahia
Authors: Serpa Angelo
Published: August 2017

O Parque Costa Azul é um dos mais novos espaços públicos de esporte, cultura e lazer de Salvador. Inaugurado em 1997, é um complexo de 55 mil metros quadrados, que reúne pista de coopere de patinação, ciclovia, playground com aparelhos de ginástica, além de restaurantes, anfiteatro e estacionamento. Ocupando a área do antigo Clube Costa Azul, na orla de Salvador, é uma alternativa de entretenimento, principalmente para os moradores dos bairros próximos, que nos finais de semana acabavam elegendo a praia como principal opção de lazer. A partir de 1999, a cidade ganhou um trecho da orla marítima totalmente reurbanizado. A área entre o Jardim dos Namorados e o Costa Azul, de 100 mil m2 e com extensão de 1,5 km, recebeu novos equipamentos. E com melhorias nos sistemas viário e de circulação e nova iluminação. Os dois projetos são marcados pela funcionalidade dos subespaços e pela ausência de vegetação de porte, com uma forte presença de elementos construídos e de obras artísticas como painéis e esculturas. Pórticos coloridos e de formas diferenciadas, característicos do paisagismo contemporâneo, estão presentes, denotando a influência de projetos desenvolvidos na Europa e Estados Unidos. Este trabalho discute a tendência à homogeneização da linguagem projetual no paisagismo contemporâneo, em conseqüência da globalização e internacionalização dos projetos paisagísticos, com base no conceito de não-lugar, proposto por autores como Augê e Relph. São analisadas - para ambos os projetos - as "dimensões de performance" propostas por Lynch em sua "teoria da boa forma urbana"
Os Parques: Velhas Idéias e Novas Experiências
Authors: Barcellos Vicente Quintella
Published: August 2017

Em sua evolução histórica os parques têm assumido diferentes configurações e distintos significados sociais. Recentes transformações econômicas e culturais têm produzido alterações no modo de se tratar a questão do parque público nas cidades brasileiras. Por um lado, mudanças comportamentais têm revigorado o uso dos parques pelas populações urbanas, por outro lado novos papéis têm sido atribuídos aos parques pelos agentes envolvidos nos processos urbanos. Nesse sentido podem ser identificadas duas vertentes de ação influenciando o modo de se tratar a questão. Na primeira tem-se o uso dos parques nas estratégias de conservação ambiental, e na segunda, como elementos de dinamização da economia urbana. Pela análise dos casos dos parques de Curitiba e do Projeto Orla de Brasília, exploram-se algumas das implicações desses novos modos de encarar os parques públicos no contexto das cidades brasileiras
Jardim do MAC - Cidade Universitária
Authors: Pellegrino Paulo Renato Mesquita , Bartauni Vladimir
Published: August 2017

O tratamento paisagístico do espaço em frente ao Museu de Arte Contemporânea na Cidade Universitária teve por objetivos: 1. ambientar as esculturas existentes; 2. prover espaço para eventos artísticos ao ar livre; 3. atender ao fluxo de pedestres entre o centro de convivência, situado ao lado do Museu, e a praça do Relógio, em um outro lado. O projeto baseou-se na modulação da arquitetura do Museu e em suas diagonais, projetando sobre o chão uma grelha geométrica. Os polígonos assim formados foram ora preenchidos com arbustos de pequeno e médio portes, ora com material pisoteável, formando um jardim em mosaico
Paisagens, realidade e imaginário: a percepção do cotidiano
Authors: Del Rio Vicente
Published: August 2017

Nosso cotidiano se conforma e realiza através da percepção de paisagens, num amálgama entre realidade e imaginário. São comentadas cinco áreas de pesquisa dos processos perceptivos, desde a psicologia terapêutica à informatização das relações espaciais, que podem ajudar a compreender nossas relações com a paisagem e nossa representações dela
Paisagem e configuração espacial no rio de janeiro: os espaços livres urbanos no século 19
Authors: Ceniquel Mario
Published: August 2017

Em linhas gerais o assunto central se insere na tese da existência de uma tradição paisagística carioca alicerçada, nos primórdios da cidade, em algumas iniciativas urbanísticas e ambientais ainda no século 18, tanto no período dos governadores como, particularmente, no período dos vice-reis. Este proceso, assim iniciado, irá se desenvolver ao longo do prolífico século 19 - desde Grandjean de Montigny (neoclássico) até Glaziou (romântico), e irá cristalizar-se, no século 20, inicialmente na grande (e polêmica) obra do prefeito Francisco Pereira Passos e, posteriormente, no trabalho de Roberto Burle Marx. Focaliza-se a figura do engenheiro Auguste Marie François Glaziou (1833- 1906), na medida em que consideramos sua obra, em termos paisagísticos, a mais marcante do século 19 em nosso país, que, por outro lado, origina as primeiras discussões urbanísticas conseqüentes sobre o Rio de Janeiro, sobretudo no que se refere ao projeto e gerenciamento dos espaços livres urbanos da cidade, criando, assim, as condições propícias para as grandes intervenções urbanísticas na cidade no século 20
Mechanically Induced Ectopy via Stretch-Activated Cation-Nonselective Channels Is Caused by Local Tissue Deformation and Results in Ventricular Fibrillation if Triggered on the Repolarization Wave Edge (Commotio Cordis)
Authors: Quinn T. Alexander , Jin Honghua , Lee Peter , Kohl Peter
Published: August 2017

Background—

External chest impacts (commotio cordis) can cause mechanically induced premature ventricular excitation (PVE
M
) and, rarely, ventricular fibrillation (VF). Because block of stretch-sensitive ATP-inactivated potassium channels curtailed VF occurrence in a porcine model of commotio cordis, VF has been suggested to arise from abnormal repolarization caused by stretch activation of potassium channels. Alternatively, VF could result from abnormal excitation by PVE
M
, overlapping with normal repolarization-related electric heterogeneity. Here, we investigate mechanisms and determinants of PVE
M
induction and its potential role in commotio cordis–induced VF.

Methods and Results—

Subcontusional mechanical stimuli were applied to isolated rabbit hearts during optical voltage mapping, combined with pharmacological block of ATP-inactivated potassium or stretch-activated cation-nonselective channels. We demonstrate that local mechanical stimulation reliably triggers PVE
M
at the contact site, with inducibility predicted by local tissue indentation. PVE
M
induction is diminished by pharmacological block of stretch-activated cation-nonselective channels. In hearts where electrocardiogram T waves involve a well-defined repolarization edge traversing the epicardium, PVE
M
can reliably provoke VF if, and only if, the mechanical stimulation site overlaps the repolarization wave edge. In contrast, application of short-lived intraventricular pressure surges neither triggers PVE
M
nor changes repolarization. ATP-inactivated potassium channel block has no effect on PVE
M
inducibility per se, but shifts it to later time points by delaying repolarization and prolonging refractoriness.

Conclusions—

Local mechanical tissue deformation determines PVE
M
induction via stretch-activation of cation-nonselective channels, with VF induction requiring PVE
M
overlap with the trailing edge of a normal repolarization wave. This defines a narrow, subject-specific vulnerable window for commotio cordis–induced VF that exists both in time and in space.
Changes in Primary Noncardiac Diagnoses Over Time Among Elderly Cardiac Intensive Care Unit Patients in the United States
Authors: Sinha Shashank S. , Sjoding Michael W. , Sukul Devraj , Prescott Hallie C. , Iwashyna Theodore J. , Gurm Hitinder S. , Cooke Colin R. , Nallamothu Brahmajee K.
Published: August 2017

Background—

Early reports suggest the number of cardiac intensive care unit (CICU) patients with primary noncardiac diagnoses is rising in the United States, but no national data currently exist. We examined changes in primary noncardiac diagnoses among elderly patients admitted to a CICU during the past decade.

Methods and Results—

Using 2003 to 2013 Medicare data, we grouped elderly patients admitted to CICUs into 2 categories based on principal diagnosis at discharge: (1) primary noncardiac diagnoses and (2) primary cardiac diagnoses. We examined changes in patient demographics, comorbidities, procedure use, and risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality. Among 3.4 million admissions with a CICU stay, primary noncardiac diagnoses rose in prevalence from 38.0% to 51.7% between 2003 and 2013. The fastest rising primary noncardiac diagnoses were infectious diseases (7.8%–15.1%) and respiratory diseases (6.0%–7.6%;
P
<0.001 for both), whereas the fastest declining primary cardiac diagnosis was coronary artery disease (32.3%–19.0%;
P
<0.001). Simultaneously, the prevalence of both cardiovascular and noncardiovascular comorbidities rose: heart failure (13.9%–34.4%), pulmonary vascular disease (1.2%–7.1%), valvular heart disease (5.0%–9.8%), and renal failure (7.1%–19.6%;
P
<0.001 for all). As compared with those with primary cardiac diagnoses, elderly CICU patients with primary noncardiac diagnoses had higher rates of noncardiac procedure use and risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality (
P
<0.001 for all). Risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality declined slightly in the overall cohort from 9.3% to 8.9% (
P
<0.001).

Conclusions—

More than half of all elderly patients with a CICU stay across the United States now have primary noncardiac diagnoses at discharge. These patients receive different types of care and have worse outcomes than patients with primary cardiac diagnoses. Our work has important implications for the development of appropriate training and staffing models for the future critical care workforce.
The Clean Hands Doctrine in the Yukos Awards: A Response to Patrick Dumberry
Authors: Pomson Ori
Published: August 2017

This article is a response to an article published in this Journal by Professor Patrick Dumberry, criticising the Yukos tribunal’s conclusion that the clean hands doctrine does not constitute a general principle of law and is not a bar to an investor’s claim. Dumberry submits that strong arguments exist for considering the clean hands doctrine a general principle of law, and that tribunals, by barring claims concerning investments made contrary to host states’ laws, have been applying the doctrine. The present article contends that the Yukos tribunal is quite accurate. First, it submits that there are different forms of the clean hands doctrine, not all of which have received much support in international jurisprudence. Second, it argues that, in light of contemporary law in certain municipal legal systems, the different forms of the clean hands doctrine seemingly do not constitute general principles of law.
“Dextere sinistram vertere”: Jesuits as Military Chaplains in the Papal Expeditionary Force to France (1569–70); Discipline, Moral Reform, and Violence
Authors: Civale Gianclaudio
Published: August 2017

In 1569, Pius v dispatched an expeditionary force to assist the royal armies in the Third War of Religion in France. This was the background against which the Jesuit Antonio Possevino, commissioned by Superior General Francisco de Borja and the militant pope himself, published Il soldato christiano, a short book that outlined a spiritual model of the disciplined soldier, far from previous heroic and aristocratic archetypes. Copies of the catechism were distributed to the officers and chaplains who accompanied the contingent. This essay aims to analyze the conditions in which the papal military intervention in France was conceived and the effects of Jesuit catechesis on the men who made up the papal army, as well as their reactions to this encroachment of “confessionalization” into the profession of arms.
A new species of Ornebius Guérin-Méneville, 1844 from East China (Orthoptera: Mogoplistidae: Mogoplistinae)
Authors: HE ZHUQING , LU HUI , LIU YUQING , LI KAI
Published: August 2017

A new species, Ornebius polycomus sp. nov., is described from East China. There are distinct differences with known species in morphology, songs and molecular evidence. The type specimens are deposited in East China Normal University, Biology of History Museum (ECNU).
Five new species of Spartaeus Thorell, 1891 from China (Araneae: Salticidae)
Authors: YANG SU-FANG , LIU WANG , LIU PING , PENG XIAN-JIN
Published: August 2017

Five new species of Spartaeus Thorell, 1891 from China are described: S. forcipiformis sp. nov. (male), S. pinniformis sp. nov. (male and female), S. serratus sp. nov. (female), S. tengchongensis sp. nov. (male and female) and S. triapiculus sp. nov. (male and female). Maps with records are given.
Five new species of the genus Paromphacodes (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Geometrinae) from High Andes in Ecuador
Authors: LINDT AARE , TASANE TÕNIS , ÕUNAP ERKI , VIIDALEPP JAAN
Published: August 2017

Four moth species are grouped in the genus Paromphacodes today. We add descriptions of further five new species: Paromphacodes alticola sp. nov., P. alpha sp. nov., P. onae sp. nov., P. spina sp. nov. and P. summita sp. nov. The species are confined to the parámo biome on summits of Andean volcanoes and were collected on five mountains. The case of the three first named species shows that the deep COI barcode splitting does not affect morphological diversification. The differentiation of P. alticola, P. alpha and P. onae is explained in association with orogeny of Andes and repeated periods of the local active volcanism.
Improved ENSO Forecasting Using Bayesian Updating and the North American Multimodel Ensemble (NMME)
Authors: Zhang Wei , Villarini Gabriele , Slater Louise , Vecchi Gabriel A. , Bradley A. Allen
Published: August 2017

This study assesses the forecast skill of eight North American Multimodel Ensemble (NMME) models in predicting Niño-3/-3.4 indices and improves their skill using Bayesian updating (BU). The forecast skill that is obtained using the ensemble mean of NMME (NMME-EM) shows a strong dependence on lead (initial) month and target month and is quite promising in terms of correlation, root-mean-square error (RMSE), standard deviation ratio (SDRatio), and probabilistic Brier skill score, especially at short lead months. However, the skill decreases in target months from late spring to summer owing to the spring predictability barrier. When BU is applied to eight NMME models (BU-Model), the forecasts tend to outperform NMME-EM in predicting Niño-3/-3.4 in terms of correlation, RMSE, and SDRatio. For Niño-3.4, the BU-Model outperforms NMME-EM forecasts for almost all leads (1–12; particularly for short leads) and target months (from January to December). However, for Niño-3, the BU-Model does not outperform NMME-EM forecasts for leads 7–11 and target months from June to October in terms of correlation and RMSE. Last, the authors test further potential improvements by preselecting “good” models (BU-Model-0.3) and by using principal component analysis to remove the multicollinearity among models, but these additional methodologies do not outperform the BU-Model, which produces the best forecasts of Niño-3/-3.4 for the 2015/16 El Niño event.
Are Bonus Pools Driven by Their Incentive Effects? Evidence from Fluctuations in Gainsharing Incentives
Authors: Benson Alan M. , Sajjadiani Sima
Published: August 2017

Bonus pools, in which a worker’s realized bonus depends both on a worker’s share of the pool (which serves as the incentive) and on the size of the pool (which is largely outside of the worker’s control), are a common method for distributing incentive pay. Using data on the variation in the size of the bonus pool generated by a US manufacturing plant’s gainsharing plan, which varies incentives for quality and worker engagement, the authors evaluate the conditions under which such bonuses have incentive effects. Overall, results are cautionary: The evidence suggests gainsharing’s benefits operate outside of the incentive channel, and incentives may backfire if they are too small or too diluted by group performance metrics. The authors illustrate how random variation in the size of bonus pools offers researchers a powerful, readily available, and underused tool for studying how workers respond to the availability and strength of incentives.
High-temperature thermal barrier-coated Sylramic-iBN/pyrolytic carbon/chemical vapor infiltration silicon carbide ceramic matrix composite behavior in a combustion environment
Authors: Sabelkin V , Zawada L , Mall S , Bertrand D , Przybyla CP
Published: August 2017

An environmental barrier-coated Sylramic-iBN/pyrolytic carbon/chemical vapor infiltration silicon carbide ceramic matrix composite was characterized in a harsh combustion environment under two conditions; (i) with a coating surface temperature of 1480℃, and (ii) with a combustion flame distance of 120 mm (constant flux). Three coating systems were evaluated; Coating “A” (ytterbium silicate using hafnium–silicate bond), Coating “B” (ytterbium silicate using alumina bond), and Coating “C” (ytterbium–silica compounds using alumina bond). All three coatings survived with essentially no mass loss up to 25 h when tested at 1480℃. At a flame distance of 120 mm coatings “A” and “B” experienced extensive degradation and strength loss while coating “C” had practically no degradation in retained strength. Coating “C” outperformed the other two coatings exposed to the harsh combustion environment. It performed best in terms of material loss, thermal barrier capability, and residual tensile strength.
First principle study: parametric investigation of the mechanics of elastic and inelastic textile materials for the determination of compression therapy efficacy
Authors: Tamoue Ferdinand , Ehrmann Andrea
Published: August 2017

Vascular diseases are among the most common diseases in the world. Whether acute or chronic cases, compression therapy by bandaging is a well-known treatment for the majority of these diseases. In the textile processing of bandages, the influence of material chemistry (e.g. viscosity), the laws of physics (e.g. resiliency), and the medical requirements in the therapy must be taken into account. Furthermore, knowledge of the textile material helps us to understand why bandages do or do not have the desired effect. This paper provides a study of the Dynamic Hysteresis Coefficient (DHC) and lengthening, allowing the examination of compression bandage systems used in phlebology and lymphology using a novel measurement parameter.

Compression bandage systems were subjected to a dynamic hysteresis test on a dynamometer, enabling estimation of the DHC and the lengthening (Δ L2) after five consecutive cycles. Evaluation of the findings indicates that the therapeutical stiffness index of the compression bandages can be reliably estimated using this new method. These findings show that inelastic compression bandage systems with elastomers can achieve a sustainable compression therapy over several days. DHC and Δ L2 are proven to be highly reliable parameters for comparing different compression bandage systems.
The contributions of Raymond Williams and E.P. Thompson to communication and social change theory and practice
Authors: Thomas Pradip Ninan
Published: August 2017

This article explores the contributions made by Raymond Williams and E.P. Thompson to communication for social change theory. It argues that Williams’ critique of technological determinism, his notion of the ‘structure of feeling’, analysis of culture and cultural materialism as a mode of analysis contributes to the theorising of communication for social change. This article also examines Thompson’s contributions to historiography, his engagement with the contextualised histories of ordinary people and their contributions to the making of the public sphere in 18th-century England. This article argues that the contributions made by these two theorists enable a critique of structures and a re-centring of agency, both of which are critical to a renewal of communication for social change theory.
Neoliberalism, Profitability, and the Crisis in the Eurozone
Authors: Albano de Freitas Antônio
Published: August 2017

This paper aims to analyze the roots of the sovereign debt crisis around the Eurozone countries. Furthermore, it seeks to deconstruct the orthodox argument which states the crisis is caused by fiscal indiscipline of some of its members. In doing so, the article bears on the political economy tradition, integrating the elements of hierarchy and asymmetry among the various actors, and poses the hypothesis that the crisis in the Eurozone is due to three highly correlated causes: (1) the unfolding of the 2007 crisis that originated in the United States, (2) the financialization of the global economy, and (3) the intra-Eurozone imbalances, a legacy of the neoliberal institutional framework of the last decades. To associate the Euro crisis with this neoliberal architecture, moreover, the main tendencies of contemporary capitalism are described, pointing to the theoretical contribution of Marx, particularly regarding his hypothesis of a tendential fall of the profit rate. Finally, some concluding remarks are considered, stressing alternatives to the budget austerity measures and to the necessary ruptures with this neoliberal institutional framework.

JEL Classification: B51; P16; H63; N14
On judgement day: Anorexic and obese women’s phenomenological experience of the body, food and eating
Authors: Moola Fiona J , Norman Moss E
Published: August 2017

In contemporary Western society, both anorexic and obese 1 bodies are regarded to be “out of bounds.” Although scholars have enhanced our understanding of anorexia and obesity, these “disorders” have most often been studied in isolation from one another. In this article, we examine the similarities and differences in the embodied experiences of anorexic and obese women. Informed by the phenomenological research tradition, we follow in the footsteps of other scholars who have already begun to depart from binarized, polarized views by describing how women living with anorexia and obesity in two Canadian provinces experience the body, food and eating. Anorexic and obese women described a vast range of intense emotional experiences to characterize their relationship to food, the body and eating. Shame marked the bodies of these women. Family relationships also changed how the women experienced the body and food over time. The women ascribed a diverse array of complex meanings to the body and food. We hope that our study opens new phenomenological terrain to dialogue with and for anorexic and obese bodies in a relational way, recognizing that both of these bodies hurt in a remarkably similar manner. In a judgement day of sorts, both anorexic and obese bodies carry the heavy burden of culture’s expectations to fit within a narrow range of normative slenderness.
Who is the mother? Exploring the meaning of grandparental support in young Swedish mothers’ narratives
Authors: Sjöberg Magdalena , Bertilsdotter-Rosqvist Hanna
Published: August 2017

Within the western understanding of a nuclear family and the idea of good motherhood, the need for grandparental support is commonly viewed as an expression of deficient motherhood. Young mothers are often seen as incapable of maternal practices and as being in need of support from their extended family. An alternative view is that too much support might result in the grandmothers taking on the role of mother. This paper explores research around the ambivalent meanings of grandparental support in young Swedish mothers’ narratives. In this research, we identified three repertoires: inhibiting, being-there-no-matter-what and responsibility. Mothers who were following their expected life course achieved a subject position as a “real mother” within a functioning nuclear family. Mothers deviating from their expected life course achieved a subject position as either a “mother in becoming” with a functional and supportive extended family or as a “real mother” with a dysfunctional and non-supportive extended family. In the case of young mothers who are seen as insufficient, motherhood might become negotiable and fluid between the biological mother and the young mother’s own mother.