bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical and laboratory features associated with myeloperoxidase expression in pediatric B‐lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: McGinnis Eric , Yang David , Au Nicholas , Morrison Douglas , Chipperfield Kate M. , Setiadi Audi F. , Liu Lorraine , Tsang Angela , Vercauteren Suzanne M.
Published: October 2020

Background

B‐lymphoblastic leukemia (B‐ALL) is the most common childhood malignancy, and its diagnosis requires immunophenotypically demonstrating blast B cell lineage differentiation. Expression of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in B‐ALL is well‐described and it has been recognized that a diagnosis of mixed phenotype acute leukemia should be made cautiously if MPO expression is the sole myeloid feature in these cases. We sought to determine whether MPO expression in pediatric B‐ALL was associated with differences in laboratory, immunophenotypic, or clinical features.

Methods

We reviewed clinical, diagnostic bone marrow flow cytometry, and laboratory data for all new B‐ALL diagnoses at our pediatric institution in 5 years. Cases were categorized as MPO positive (MPO+) or negative (MPO−) using a threshold of ≥20% blasts expressing MPO at intensity greater than the upper limit of normal lymphocytes on diagnostic bone marrow flow cytometry.

Results

A total of 148 cases were reviewed, 32 of which (22%) were MPO+. MPO+ B‐ALL was more frequently hyperdiploid and less frequently harbored ETV6‐RUNX1; no MPO+ cases had KMT2A rearrangements or BCR‐ABL1. Although not significantly so, MPO+ B‐ALL was less likely than MPO− B‐ALL to have positive end‐of‐induction minimal residual disease studies (9.4 and 24%, respectively), but relapse rates and stem cell transplantation rates were similar between groups. Aberrant expression of other more typically myeloid markers was similar between these groups.

Conclusion

In our study cohort, MPO+ B‐ALL showed minimal residual disease persistence less often after induction chemotherapy but otherwise had similar clinical outcomes to MPO− B‐ALL, with similar rates of additional myeloid antigen aberrancy.
Cumyl‐CBMICA: A new synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist containing a cyclobutyl methyl side chain
Authors: Halter Sebastian , Pulver Benedikt , Wilde Maurice , Haschimi Belal , Westphal Folker , Riedel Jan , Pütz Michael , Schönberger Torsten , Stoll Stefanie , Schäper Jan , Auwärter Volker
Published: October 2020

Since the beginning of the phenomenon of new psychoactive substances (NPS), synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs) have been the largest and most prevalent subclass of these drugs in Europe. Many countries implemented specific legislation scheduling classes of substances defined on the basis of their chemical structure to reduce supply. We describe the identification and analytical characterization within the EU project ADEBAR plus of 1‐(cyclobutylmethyl)‐N‐(2‐phenylpropan‐2‐yl)‐1H‐indole‐3‐carboxamide which resulted in the formal notification through the Early Warning System of the European Monitoring Centre for Drug and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA). This is the first identification of this new SCRA worldwide and the analytical data was distributed (inter‐)nationally right after identification in 2019. First, the substance was isolated from the herbal material using preparative high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Structure elucidation and analytical characterization were performed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), gas chromatography‐solid state infrared spectroscopy (GC‐sIR), liquid chromatography‐electrospray ionization‐quadrupole time of flight‐mass spectrometry (LC‐ESI‐qToF‐MS), Raman spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The new compound contains a cyclobutyl methyl group as a side chain and has not been described in any patent to our knowledge. Based on the semisystematic nomenclature of SCRAs, we propose Cumyl‐CBMICA as a short name for the compound.
Detection of the selective androgen receptor modulator GSK2881078 and metabolites in urine and hair after single oral administration
Authors: Rading Alina , Anielski Patricia , Thieme Detlef , Keiler Annekathrin Martina
Published: October 2020

Hair and urine concentrations of the nonsteroidal selective androgen receptor modulator GSK2881078 were examined following single oral administration to investigate its hair incorporation and estimate the general suitability of hair testing for selected androgen receptor modulators. Hair segments were collected following a single dose of 1.5 mg GSK2881078 by repeated shaving of scalp hair at Week 0 (blank), Week 1 (representing the pre‐application period), Week 3 (ideally focusing the time of incorporation), and Weeks 5 and 9 (post‐administration period). The intact compound and various (at least 4) hydroxy‐metabolites exhibited similar elimination profiles. The peak urinary concentration (approximately 920 pg/ml) was observed after 8 h and is reduced to the detection limit (2 pg/ml) on Day 42 following administration of 760 μg GSK2881078. Correspondingly, hair concentrations of GSK2881078 (intact compound only) following a single oral dose of 1.5 mg GSK2881078 reached a peak concentration of 1.7 pg/mg in the segments collected 3 weeks post administration, representing the time of ingestion. The concentration rapidly declined to trace amounts of 0.7 (Week 5) and 0.2 pg/mg (Week 9), respectively. In conclusion, measurement of the intact compound GSK2881078 is feasible for both urine and hair analysis. However, concentrations in hair after single oral administration are in the low pg/mg range and can only be detected, if the segments cover the administration period.
Wild strawberry shows genetic variation in tolerance but not resistance to a generalist herbivore
Authors: Wang Minggang , Muola Anne , Anderson Peter , Stenberg Johan A.
Published: October 2020

Plants’ defenses against herbivores usually include both resistance and tolerance mechanisms. Their deployment has predominantly been studied in either single‐plant genotypes or multiple genotypes exposed to single herbivores. In natural situations, however, most plants are attacked by multiple herbivores. Therefore, aims of this study were to assess and compare the effects of single and multiple herbivores on plant resistance and tolerance traits, and the consequences for overall plant performance. For this, we exposed multiple genotypes of wild woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca) to jasmonic acid (JA), to mimic chewing herbivory and induce the plants’ defense responses, and then introduced the generalist herbivore Spodoptera littoralis to feed on them. We found that woodland strawberry consistently showed resistance to S. littoralis herbivory, with no significant genetic variation between the genotypes. By contrast, the studied genotypes showed high variation in tolerance, suggesting evolutionary potential in this trait. Prior JA application did not alter these patterns, although it induced an even higher level of resistance in all tested genotypes. The study provides novel information that may be useful for breeders seeking to exploit tolerance and resistance mechanisms to improve strawberry crops’ viability and yields, particularly when multiple herbivores pose significant threats.
Thermal sensitivity of feeding and burrowing activity of an invasive crayfish in UK waters
Authors: Rodríguez Valido César A. , Johnson Matthew F. , Dugdale Stephen J. , Cutts Vanessa , Fell Henry G. , Higgins Emma A. , Tarr Simon , Templey Clare M. , Algar Adam C.
Published: October 2020

Climate change and invasive species are among the biggest threats to global biodiversity and ecosystem function. Although the individual impacts of climate change and invasive species are commonly assessed, we know far less about how a changing climate may impact invading species. Increases in water temperature due to climate change are likely to alter the thermal regime of UK rivers, and this in turn may influence the performance of invasive species such as signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus), which are known to have deleterious impacts on native ecosystems. We evaluate the relationship between water temperature and two key performance traits in signal crayfish—feeding and burrowing rate—using thermal experiments on wild‐caught individuals in a laboratory environment. Although water temperature was found to have no significant influence on burrowing rate, it did have a strong effect on feeding rate. Using the thermal performance curve for feeding rate, we evaluate how the thermal suitability of three UK rivers for signal crayfish may change as a result of future warming. We find that warming rivers may increase the amount of time that signal crayfish can achieve high feeding rate levels. These results suggest that elevated river water temperatures as a result of climate change may promote higher signal crayfish performance in the future, further exacerbating the ecological impact of this invasive species.
Sex and oestrogen receptor β have modest effects on gene expression in the mouse brain posterior cortex
Authors: Fels Jasmine A. , Casalena Gabriella A. , Manfredi Giovanni
Published: October 2020

Introduction

Sex differences in brain cortical function affect cognition, behaviour and susceptibility to neural diseases, but the molecular basis of sexual dimorphism in cortical function is still largely unknown. Oestrogen and oestrogen receptors (ERs), specifically ERβ, the most abundant ER in the cortex, may play a role in determining sex differences in gene expression, which could underlie functional sex differences. However, further investigation is needed to address brain region specificity of the effects of sex and ERβ on gene expression. The goal of this study was to investigate sex differences in gene expression in the mouse posterior cortex, where sex differences in transcription have never been examined, and to determine how genetic ablation of ERβ affects transcription.

Methods

In this study, we performed unbiased transcriptomics on RNA from the posterior cortex of adult wild‐type and ERβ knockout mice (n = 4/sex/genotype). We used unbiased clustering to analyse whole‐transcriptome changes between the groups. We also performed differential expression analysis on the data using DESeq2 to identify specific changes in gene expression.

Results

We found only 27 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in wild‐type (WT) males vs females, of which 17 were autosomal genes. Interestingly, in ERβKO males vs females all the autosomal DEGs were lost. Gene Ontology analysis of the subset of DEGs with sex differences only in the WT cortex revealed a significant enrichment of genes annotated with the function ‘cation channel activity’. Moreover, within each sex we found only a few DEGs in ERβKO vs WT mice (8 and 5 in males and females, respectively).

Conclusions

Overall, our results suggest that in the adult mouse posterior cortex there are surprisingly few sex differences in gene expression, and those that exist are mainly related to cation channel activity. Additionally, they indicate that brain region‐specific functional effects of ERβ may be largely post‐transcriptional.
A Piezo Smart‐Braid Harvester and Damper for Multifunctional Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites
Authors: Razavi Seyedalireza , Iannucci Lorenzo , Smith Greenhalgh Emile
Published: October 2020

The past decade has seen the rapid development of wearable electronics, wireless sensor networks (WSNs), and self‐powered implantable sensors. However, these devices usually require a continuous source of power supply to operate safely and accurately while having the least reliance on conventional battery systems—due to the recharging/maintenance burdens of batteries. Vibration‐based piezoelectric energy harvesting (PEH) from environment, man‐made machinery, and human body movements seems to be a promising solution. Herein, the first integration of a piezoelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) yarn‐braid microgenerator into a fiber reinforced polymer composite (FRPC) structure is reported. It is demonstrated that the developed smart composite exhibits multifunctional performances, including simultaneous structural (with ≈10% increased Young's modulus), energy harvesting, and vibration damping (with a damping factor of 125%). The results show that an average output voltage of 3.6 V and a power density of 2.2 mW cm−3 can be achieved at strains below 0.15%, under cyclic loading tests between 1 and 10 Hz. Moreover, noticeable improvements are made in the crystallinity percentage and β‐phase content of as‐received PVDF yarns by, respectively, ≈34% and ≈37%, as a result of the applied coreless radial and axial corona poling techniques.
Switzerland's COVID‐19 policy response: Consociational crisis management and neo‐corporatist reopening
Authors: Sager Fritz , Mavrot Céline
Published: October 2020

Switzerland responded to the first COVID‐19 wave fairly successfully by employing both public health and economic measures. During the state of emergency, the federal government made a firm decision to flatten the infection curve and to protect especially at‐risk populations. During the lockdown period, the focus of the political debate shifted from health to the economy as the Federal Council (i.e., the national executive) started to prepare for the country's reopening. While government still had full power due to the emergency situation defined under national epidemic law, the shift in the debate also meant a shift in the way that the government made decisions. Switzerland is a power‐sharing consociational democracy with strong neo‐corporatist features. While the executive untypically relied heavily on health experts within and outside the administration during the lockdown, the reopening strategy shows clear features of Swiss neo‐corporatism, including the resurgence and influence of the traditional big economic vested interests over the government's approach to decision making.
Clinical characteristics of epilepsy in resource‐limited communities in Punjab, Northwest India
Authors: Singh Gagandeep , Singhal Sachi , Sharma Suman , Paul Birinder S. , Bansal Namita , Chaudhary Anurag , Sharma Sarit , Bansal Rajnder K. , Goraya Jatinder S. , Setia Raj K. , Sander Josemir W.
Published: October 2020

Objectives

To describe clinical characteristics of a community‐based epilepsy cohort from resource‐limited communities in Punjab, Northwest India.

Methods

The cohort was gathered following a two‐stage screening survey. We cross‐sectionally examined and followed up the cohort for one year. A panel of neurologists assigned seizure types, syndromes, and putative etiologies and categorized drug responsiveness.

Results

The cohort of 240 included 161 (67.1%) men, 109 (45.4%) illiterates and 149 (62.1%) unemployed. Current age was >18 years in 155 (64.6%) but age at epilepsy onset was <18 years in 173 (72.1%). Epilepsies due to structural and metabolic causes were diagnosed in 99 (41.3%), but syndromic assignments were not possible in 97 (40.4%). After one year, drug‐resistant epilepsy was established in 74 (30.8%). Perinatal events (n = 35; 14.6%) followed by CNS infections (n = 32; 13.3%) and traumatic brain injury (n = 12; 5.0%) were common risk factors. Most of those with CNS infections (n = 19; 63.3%), perinatal antecedents (n = 23; 76.7%), and other acquired risk factors (n = 27; 90.0%) presented with epilepsy due to structural and metabolic causes. Perinatal events were the putative etiology for nearly 40.7% of generalized epilepsies due to structural and metabolic causes and 28.2% of all epilepsies with onset <10 years.

Significance

Existing classifications schemes should be better suited to field conditions in resource‐limited communities in low‐ and middle‐income countries. The finding of drug‐resistant epilepsy in nearly at least a third in a community‐based sample underscores an unmet need for enhancing services for this segment within healthcare systems. Perinatal events, CNS infections, and head injury account for a third of all epilepsies and hence preventative interventions focusing on these epilepsy risk factors should be stepped up.
Volatility‐of‐volatility risk in the crude oil market
Authors: Roh Tai‐Yong , Tourani‐Rad Alireza , Xu Yahua , Zhao Yang
Published: October 2020

This paper examines the role of oil volatility‐of‐volatility (VOV) risk under a stochastic VOV framework. We show that oil VOV is a significant pricing factor in the cross‐sectional delta‐hedged gains constructed from oil options, and oil VOV also has predictive power for near‐term delta‐hedged option gains. Moreover, we show that the information contained in oil VOV is highly specific compared to its equity counterpart and other volatility‐related measures, from the perspective of its predictability of future economic conditions. Our findings are robust to alternative VOV risk measures and forecasting horizons.
Multi‐omics analysis suggests enhanced epileptogenesis in the Cornu Ammonis 3 of the pilocarpine model of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Canto Amanda M. , Matos Alexandre H. B. , Godoi Alexandre B. , Vieira André S. , Aoyama Beatriz B. , Rocha Cristiane S. , Henning Barbara , Carvalho Benilton S. , Pascoal Vinicius D.B. , Veiga Diogo F. T. , Gilioli Rovilson , Cendes Fernando , Lopes‐Cendes Iscia
Published: October 2020

Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by the occurrence of seizures, and histopathological abnormalities in the mesial temporal lobe structures, mainly hippocampal sclerosis (HS). We used a multi‐omics approach to determine the profile of transcript and protein expression in the dorsal and ventral hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) and Cornu Ammonis 3 (CA3) in an animal model of MTLE induced by pilocarpine. We performed label‐free proteomics and RNAseq from laser‐microdissected tissue isolated from pilocarpine‐induced Wistar rats. We divided the DG and CA3 into dorsal and ventral areas and analyzed them separately. We performed a data integration analysis and evaluated enriched signaling pathways, as well as the integrated networks generated based on the gene ontology processes. Our results indicate differences in the transcriptomic and proteomic profiles among the DG and the CA3 subfields of the hippocampus. Moreover, our data suggest that epileptogenesis is enhanced in the CA3 region when compared to the DG, with most abnormalities in transcript and protein levels occurring in the CA3. Furthermore, our results show that the epileptogenesis in the pilocarpine model involves predominantly abnormal regulation of excitatory neuronal mechanisms mediated by N‐methyl D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptors, changes in the serotonin signaling, and neuronal activity controlled by calcium/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase (CaMK) regulation and leucine‐rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2)/WNT signaling pathways.
Do myeloproliferative neoplasms and multiple myeloma share the same genetic susceptibility loci?
Authors: Macauda Angelica , Giaccherini Matteo , Sainz Juan , Gemignani Federica , Sgherza Nicola , Sánchez‐Maldonado José Manuel , Gora‐Tybor Joanna , Martinez‐Lopez Joaquin , Carreño‐Tarragona Gonzalo , Jerez Andrés , Spadano Raffaele , Gołos Aleksandra , Jurado Manuel , Hernández‐Mohedo Francisca , Mazur Grzegorz , Tavano Francesca , Butrym Aleksandra , Várkonyi Judit , Canzian Federico , Campa Daniele
Published: October 2020

Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are a group of diseases that cause myeloid hematopoietic cells to overproliferate. Epidemiological and familial studies suggest that genetic factors contribute to the risk of developing MPN, but the genetic susceptibility of MPN is still not well known. Indeed, only few loci are known to have a clear role in the predisposition to this disease. Some studies reported a diagnosis of MPNs and multiple myeloma (MM) in the same patients, but the biological causes are still unclear. We tested the hypothesis that the two diseases share at least partly the same genetic risk loci. In the context of a European multicenter study with 460 cases and 880 controls, we analyzed the effect of the known MM risk loci, individually and in a polygenic risk score (PRS). The most significant result was obtained among patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) for PS0RS1C1‐rs2285803, which showed to be associated with an increased risk (OR = 3.28, 95% CI 1.79‐6.02, P = .00012, P = .00276 when taking into account multiple testing). Additionally, the PRS showed an association with MPN risk when comparing the last with the first quartile of the PRS (OR = 2.39, 95% CI 1.64‐3.48, P = 5.98 × 10−6). In conclusion, our results suggest a potential common genetic background between MPN and MM, which needs to be further investigated.
Weight change in middle adulthood and risk of cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort
Authors: Christakoudi Sofia , Pagoni Panagiota , Ferrari Pietro , Cross Amanda J. , Tzoulaki Ioanna , Muller David C. , Weiderpass Elisabete , Freisling Heinz , Murphy Neil , Dossus Laure , Turzanski Fortner Renee , Agudo Antonio , Overvad Kim , Perez‐Cornago Aurora , Key Timothy J. , Brennan Paul , Johansson Mattias , Tjønneland Anne , Halkjær Jytte , Boutron‐Ruault Marie‐Christine , Artaud Fanny , Severi Gianluca , Kaaks Rudolf , Schulze Matthias B. , Bergmann Manuela M. , Masala Giovanna , Grioni Sara , Simeon Vittorio , Tumino Rosario , Sacerdote Carlotta , Skeie Guri , Rylander Charlotta , Borch Kristin Benjaminsen , Quirós J. Ramón , Rodriguez‐Barranco Miguel , Chirlaque Maria‐Dolores , Ardanaz Eva , Amiano Pilar , Drake Isabel , Stocks Tanja , Häggström Christel , Harlid Sophia , Ellingjord‐Dale Merete , Riboli Elio , Tsilidis Konstantinos K.
Published: October 2020

Obesity is a risk factor for several major cancers. Associations of weight change in middle adulthood with cancer risk, however, are less clear. We examined the association of change in weight and body mass index (BMI) category during middle adulthood with 42 cancers, using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort. Of 241 323 participants (31% men), 20% lost and 32% gained weight (>0.4 to 5.0 kg/year) during 6.9 years (average). During 8.0 years of follow‐up after the second weight assessment, 20 960 incident cancers were ascertained. Independent of baseline BMI, weight gain (per one kg/year increment) was positively associated with cancer of the corpus uteri (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.14; 95% confidence interval: 1.05‐1.23). Compared to stable weight (±0.4 kg/year), weight gain (>0.4 to 5.0 kg/year) was positively associated with cancers of the gallbladder and bile ducts (HR = 1.41; 1.01‐1.96), postmenopausal breast (HR = 1.08; 1.00‐1.16) and thyroid (HR = 1.40; 1.04‐1.90). Compared to maintaining normal weight, maintaining overweight or obese BMI (World Health Organisation categories) was positively associated with most obesity‐related cancers. Compared to maintaining the baseline BMI category, weight gain to a higher BMI category was positively associated with cancers of the postmenopausal breast (HR = 1.19; 1.06‐1.33), ovary (HR = 1.40; 1.04‐1.91), corpus uteri (HR = 1.42; 1.06‐1.91), kidney (HR = 1.80; 1.20‐2.68) and pancreas in men (HR = 1.81; 1.11‐2.95). Losing weight to a lower BMI category, however, was inversely associated with cancers of the corpus uteri (HR = 0.40; 0.23‐0.69) and colon (HR = 0.69; 0.52‐0.92). Our findings support avoiding weight gain and encouraging weight loss in middle adulthood.
Debt stabilization and financial stability in a monetary union: Market versus authority‐based preventive solutions
Authors: Mavrodimitrakis Christos
Published: October 2020

Is a debt‐concerned monetary authority desirable? This article deals with the impact of fiscal‐monetary policy interactions in a monetary union on country‐specific and union‐wide debt stabilization, when the authorities act strategically. The focus is on the impact that monetary policy would have on a debt‐concerned fiscal authority through the debt constraint and the corresponding interaction with decentralized fiscal policies. It is shown that the fiscal‐monetary (overall) policy coordination strategic regime delivers better results than the non‐cooperative regime for both the output gap and the outstanding level of debt at the union level. Two further institutional arrangements are investigated and compared: An authority‐based preventive procedure, which works through a debt‐concerned monetary authority, and a market‐based one, which works through financial markets by assuming a risk premium on country‐specific nominal interest rates according to the country‐specific fiscal stances. The risk premium acts as a form of ‘market‐based’ discipline. Both regimes stand between the decentralized and the centralized setting. The central bank's optimal weight on union‐wide debt stabilization is computed when financial markets provide discipline to the fiscal authorities. It is optimal for the social planner to appoint a debt‐concerned central banker, if there is a degree of conservatism from the monetary authority, and/or if the social planner cares about union‐wide debt stabilization. A higher risk premium parameter enhances the impact of the former on the optimal weight on union‐wide debt stabilization, while it reduces the impact of the latter.
Evaluating stock trading behaviour: Information sources nexus through intrinsic and extrinsic motivation
Authors: Khan Safeer Ullah , Wang Mansi , Khan Ikram Ullah , Liu Xiang‐dong
Published: October 2020

This study examines the effects of sources of information, including word‐of‐mouth (WOM) communication, and financial advice, on intrinsic and extrinsic motivations and stock trading behaviour in Pakistan. To test the model, we gathered 477 survey responses from individual stock investors. Our results exhibit that WOM communication and financial advice significantly influence stock trading behaviour. We also find that intrinsic motivations significantly mediate between financial advice and stock trading behaviour. Extrinsic motivations have significant mediation effects between sources of information and stock trading behaviour. Taken together, the results indicate that financial advice indirectly sparks stock trading through intrinsic and extrinsic motivations, whereas WOM communication performs the same function only through extrinsic motivations. The study results have several theoretical and practical implications for investors, stock brokerage firms, regulators, and governments.
2D+t track detection via relative persistent homology
Authors: Assaf Rabih , Goupil Alban , Rammal Abbas , Vrabie Valeriu , Kacim Mohammad
Published: October 2020

In this paper, we demonstrate that algebraic topology can be used to perform 2D+t object detection. After the construction of a topological complex for a 2D+t image sequence, we build a nested sequence of cell complexes on which relative persistent homology is computed. The relative homology adds to “absolute” homology the computation of classes related to the first and last frames of the sequence. By identifying 2D chains with large life spans, the most persistent classes are extracted. This allows for the identification of the interesting parts in a sequence and for the detection of the movement of objects despite continuous deformations in the image domain. The results obtained on a synthetic image and on two real biomedical images with moving vesicles recorded by a quantitative phase time‐lapse technique show the potential of this method. Comparing the method with a newly developed tracking tool proves that the strength of this method is its independence from prior parameters.
The Indirect Effect of Distress Tolerance on Young Adult Alcohol Use Behaviors via Coping Motives
Authors: Wahesh Edward , Moreton Amanda , McKechnie Megan
Published: October 2020

We examined the indirect effect of distress tolerance on alcohol use and problems via drinking‐to‐cope motives within a national sample of young adults (N = 297). Analyses suggested coping motives mediated the relationship between distress tolerance and drinking.
3D immuno‐confocal image reconstruction of fibroblast cytoskeleton and nucleus architecture
Authors: Markov Petar , Hayes Anthony J. , Zhu Hanxing , Boote Craig , Blain Emma J.
Published: October 2020

Computational models of cellular structures generally rely on simplifying approximations and assumptions that limit biological accuracy. This study presents a comprehensive image processing pipeline for creating unified three‐dimensional (3D) reconstructions of the cell cytoskeletal networks and nuclei. Confocal image stacks of these cellular structures were reconstructed to 3D isosurfaces (Imaris), then tessellations were simplified to reduce the number of elements in initial meshes by applying quadric edge collapse decimation with preserved topology boundaries (MeshLab). Geometries were remeshed to ensure uniformity (Instant Meshes) and the resulting 3D meshes exported (ABAQUS) for downstream application. The protocol has been applied successfully to fibroblast cytoskeletal reorganisation in the scleral connective tissue of the eye, under mechanical load that mimics internal eye pressure. While the method herein is specifically employed to reconstruct immunofluorescent confocal imaging data, it is also more widely applicable to other biological imaging modalities where accurate 3D cell structures are required.
The role of negative cognitions in co‐occurring posttraumatic stress disorder and depression: Examination of interpersonal and noninterpersonal trauma survivors
Authors: Majeed Rimsha , Lipinski Alexandra J. , Free Bre'Anna L. , Lewin Rivian K. , Beck J. Gayle
Published: October 2020

Objective

To examine negative cognitions underlying both posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression following trauma.

Method

A mixed‐gender motor vehicle accident (N = 297, Mage = 43.49 years) sample and a female intimate partner violence (N = 242, Mage = 36.95 years) sample was cross‐sectionally studied at research clinics of two universities.

Results

When diagnostic groups (PTSD+/−, depression+/−) were studied, no significant interactions were noted for any of the three forms of negative cognitions (negative thoughts about the self, negative thoughts about the world, and self‐blame) in either sample. When continuous ratings of PTSD and depression were studied, the results showed that negative thoughts about the self were linked to both PTSD and depression.

Conclusion

Findings suggest that it may be beneficial to target negative thoughts about the self when treating PTSD and depression together.
Effects of exercise on exosome release and cargo in in vivo and ex vivo models: A systematic review
Authors: Estébanez Brisamar , Jiménez‐Pavón David , Huang Chun‐Jung , Cuevas María J. , González‐Gallego Javier
Published: October 2020

Exercise‐released exosomes have been identified as novel players to mediate cell‐to‐cell communication in promoting systemic beneficial effects. This review aimed to systematically investigate the effects of exercise on exosome release and cargo, as well as provide an overview of their physiological implications. Among the 436 articles obtained in the database search (WOS, Scopus, and PubMed), 19 articles were included based on eligibility criteria. Results indicate that exercise promotes the release of exosomes without modification of its vesicle size. The literature has primarily shown an exercise‐driven increase in exosome markers (Alix, CD63, CD81, and Flot‐1), along with other exosome‐carried proteins, into circulation. However, exosome isolation, characterization, and phenotyping methodology, as well as timing of sample recovery following exercise can influence the analysis and interpretation of findings. Moreover, a large number of exosome‐carried microRNAs (miRNAs), including miR‐1, miR‐133a, miR‐133b, miR‐206, and miR‐486, in response to exercise are involved in the modulation of proliferation and differentiation of skeletal muscle tissue, although antigen‐presenting cells, leukocytes, endothelial cells, and platelets are the main sources of exosome release into the circulation. Collectively, with the physiological implications as evidenced by the ex vivo trials, the release of exercise‐promoted exosomes and their cargo could provide the potential therapeutic applications via the role of intercellular communication.
Novel approach for neuronal stem cell differentiation using aqueous two‐phase systems in 3D cultures
Authors: Chairez‐Cantu Karolina , González‐González Mirna , Rito‐Palomares Marco
Published: October 2020

Stem cell therapy has emerged as a promising alternative for replacing lost cells involved in neurodegenerative diseases. High efficiency of differentiation and full cell viability are actual challenges to achieve the translation of cell therapies to the clinic. To address this, the construction of aqueous two‐phase systems in three‐dimensional (ATPS‐3D) cultures has been proposed. This technique involves the combination of two polymers in which cells are confined in dextran droplets immersed over a substrate located in a poly(ethylene glycol) phase. The controlled placement of cells in a defined pattern promotes intercellular communication. This review aims to provide insight into the techniques used to enhance neural differentiation and current challenges to achieve the implementation of cell therapies. Cell density, colony size, interconnectivity and an appropriate substrate to modulate paracrine signaling are factors that determine neural differentiation efficiency during the construction of ATPS‐3D cultures. Hence, this contact‐free technique enables the design of neural niches to recapitulate in vivo environments more accurately. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI)
Prenatal diagnosis of aortic arch anomalies: Echocardiography, 3D‐ultrasonography, and computed tomography angiogram findings. A case‐report
Authors: Bravo‐Valenzuela Nathalie Jeanne , Nacif Marcelo Souto , Araujo Júnior Edward
Published: October 2020

We report the case of a fetus presenting aortic arch anomalies associated with a ventricular septal defect (VSD). This fetus, which was referred at 25 weeks of gestation, was suspected to have coarctation of aorta (CoA) evidenced by enlarged right chambers at the four‐chamber view during a routine obstetric ultrasonographic scan. The prenatal diagnosis of CoA remains a challenge. Here, we review the ultrasonographic findings that could contribute to this diagnosis.
Long non‐coding RNA MCF2L‐AS1 promotes the aggressiveness of colorectal cancer by sponging miR‐874‐3p and thereby up‐regulating CCNE1
Authors: Huang Fa‐Kun , Zheng Cheng‐Ying , Huang Long‐Kai , Lin Chang‐Qing , Zhou Jun‐Feng , Wang Jia‐Xing
Published: October 2020

Background

Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have drawn growing attention because of the role which they play in various diseases, including colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the potential functions of lncRNA MCF2L antisense RNA 1 (MCF2L‐AS1) in tumors remained largely unclear. The present study aimed to explore the clinical significance and the biological effects of lncRNA MCF2L antisense RNA 1 (MCF2L‐AS1) in CRC.

Methods

Reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction was performed to determine the expression of MCF2L‐AS1 in CRC. The clinical significance of MCF2L‐AS1 in CRC patients was analyzed statistically. In vitro experiments were performed to determine the effects of MCF2L‐AS1 on the cellular progression of CRC cells. Bioinformatic assays, luciferase reporter assays and RNA‐pulldown assays were performed to predict for potential microRNAs that can interact with MCF2L‐AS1 and mRNAs that can interact with miR‐874‐3p.

Results

We identified a novel CRC‐related lncRNA, MCF2L‐AS1, which is distinctly highly expressed in CRC. Its diagnostic value for CRC patients was also demonstrated. Clinical assays revealed that high MCF2L‐AS1 expression is associated with advanced stages, positive metastasis and the poor prognosis of CRC patients. Multivariate assays confirmed that MCF2L‐AS1 expression is an independent poor prognostic factor for both 5‐year overall survival and 5‐year disease‐free survival of CRC patients. Functionally, we confirmed that knockdown of MCF2L‐AS1 distinctly suppresses the proliferation, migration and invasion of CRC cells and also promotes apoptosis. Mechanistic investigation showed that MCF2L‐AS1 functions as an endogenous sponge for miR‐874‐3p to increase the expression of CCNE1.

Conclusions

Our findings identified a novel CRC‐related lncRNA, MCF2L‐AS1, which may be used as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for CRC patients. In addition, the newly identified MCF2L‐AS1/miR‐874‐3p/CCNE1 axis can modulate the initiation and progression of CRC.
Profiling of specific long non‐coding RNA signatures identifies ST8SIA6‐AS1 AS a novel target for breast cancer
Authors: Chen Zhanghan , Huang Jie , Feng Yanling , Li Zehuan , Jiang Ying
Published: October 2020

Background

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women and is also the leading cause of cancer death for which the treatment and methods of diagnosis remain unsatisfied. Long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) plays an important role in the occurrence and development of tumors, including breast cancer. We aimed to seek new and efficient treatment targets by analyzing the lncRNA expression profiles of breast cancer.

Methods

A competitive endogenous RNA microarray was used to investigate the profiles of differentially expressed lncRNAs. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction analysis (qRT‐PCR) validated the top differentially expressed lncRNAs in 107 pairs of breast cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues. cis‐ and trans‐regulation mRNAs of lncRNAs were used to perform enrichment analysis. Cell function assays were used to explore the functions of ST8SIA6‐AS1.

Results

Seven lncRNAs, comprising ST8SIA6‐AS1, lnc‐HIST1H2BJ‐5:1, lnc‐PRICKLE2‐3:2, RP1‐86C11.7, RP11‐15F12.1, ZNF670‐ZNF695 and lnc‐STRN3‐12:1, were shown to be significantly up‐regulated in breast cancer. lncRNA ST8SIA6‐AS1 was associated with TNM staging and Ki‐67 index. The cell function assays showed that ST8SIA6‐AS1 can promote the proliferation, migration and invasion of breast cancer cells. The functions of ST8SIA6‐AS1 were explored and the competing endogenous RNA mode showed that miR‐4252 was a potential candidate. Its target genes were further predicted. The lncRNA‐protein mode showed three potential candidate RNA binding proteins: NONO, QKI and RBMX.

Conclusions

lncRNA ST8SIA6‐AS1 can promote the proliferation, migration and invasion of breast cancer cells. By hypothesizing two different functional modes of ST8SIA6‐AS1, we found lncRNA ST8SIA6‐AS1 may contribute to breast cancer progression through miR‐4252 or interacting with RNA binding proteins: NONO, QKI and RBMX.
Therapeutic Encouragement as Conceptualized by South Korean Youth Counselors
Authors: Jeung Shin Young , Lee Dong‐gwi , Ham Kyong‐ae , Kim Jin Hwa
Published: October 2020

This study explored counselors’ conceptualization and use of encouragement as a therapeutic tool. Responses to two questions from 100 South Korean youth counselors were analyzed using consensual qualitative research–modified. As a result, six categories emerged under each domain. Implications for counseling and future studies are discussed.

Este estudio exploró la conceptualización y el uso del apoyo como herramienta terapéutica por parte los consejeros. Usando el método modificado de investigación cualitativa consensual, se analizaron las respuestas proporcionadas a dos preguntas por 100 consejeros surcoreanos que trabajan con jóvenes. Como resultado, surgieron seis categorías bajo cada dominio. Se discuten las implicaciones para la consejería e investigaciones futuras.
The Integrated Acculturation Model: Expanding Acculturation to Cultural Identities in Addition to Race and Ethnicity
Authors: Garcia Jorge G. , DiNardo Jeff , Nuñez Maria Inmaculada Lopez , Emmanuel Diona , Chan Christian D.
Published: October 2020

This article is an attempt to integrate existing conceptual knowledge on acculturation as well as to expand the use of the construct, which has traditionally had race and ethnicity as its focus, to also include cultural identities such as sexual orientation, gender identity, nationality, and disability. The article begins with a review of existing theoretical contributions from both the United States and Europe. We then propose a model to update and expand the use of acculturation. Finally, we provide an assessment framework.

Este artículo es un intento de integrar los conocimientos conceptuales existentes sobre la aculturación además de expandir el uso de este constructo, que tradicionalmente se ha enfocado hacia la raza y la etnicidad, para incluir también identidades culturales tales como la orientación sexual, la identidad de sexo, la nacionalidad y la discapacidad. El artículo comienza con una revisión de las contribuciones teóricas existentes tanto de Estados Unidos como de Europa. A continuación, proponemos un modelo para actualizar y expandir el uso de la aculturación. Por último, proporcionamos un marco de evaluación.
Ultrastructure and histochemistry of the male reproductive system of the genus Callinectes Stimpson, 1860 (Brachyura: Portunidae)
Authors: Watanabe Timoteo T. , Nascimento Fabiana A. , Mantelatto Fernando L. , Zara Fernando J.
Published: October 2020

We described the ultrastructure and histochemistry of the reproductive system of five Callinectes species, and evaluate the seasonal variation in weight of the reproductive system and hepatopancreas by comparing annual changes of somatic indices. The somatic indices changed little throughout the year. In Callinectes, spermatogenesis occurs inside the lobular testes and, within each lobule, the cells are at the same developmental stage. Spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis follow the same development pattern in all Callinectes studied. Mature spermatozoa are released into the seminiferous ducts through the collecting ducts. Cells of the vas deferens are secretory as evidenced by rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, and secretory vesicles that produce the seminal fluid. The anterior vas deferens shows two portions: proximal and distal. In proximal portion (AVDp), spermatozoa are clustered and embedded in an electron‐dense, basophilic glycoproteinaceous secretion Type I. In the distal portion (AVDd), the spermatophore wall is formed by incorporation of a less electron‐dense glycoproteinaceous secretion Type II. The secretion Type I change to an acid polysaccharide‐rich matrix that separates the spermatophores from each other. The median vas deferens (MVD) stores the spermatophores and produces the granular glycoproteinaceous seminal fluid. The posterior vas deferens (PVD) has few spermatophores. Its epithelium has many mitochondria and the PVD seminal fluid changes into a liquid and homogeneous glycoprotein. Many outpocketings in the PVD and MVD help to increase the fluid production. Overall, the reproductive pattern of Callinectes is similar to other species that produce sperm plugs. The secretions of AVD, MVD, and PVD are responsible for the polymerization that forms the solid, waxy plug in the seminal receptacle. The traits identified here are common to all Portunidae species studied so far.
MRITexture‐Based Models for Predicting Mitotic Index and Risk Classification of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors
Authors: Yang Linsha , Zheng Tao , Dong Yanchao , Wang Zhanqiu , Liu Defeng , Du Juan , Wu Shuo , Shi Qinglei , Liu Lanxiang
Published: October 2020

Background

Treatment regimens and prognoses of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are quite different for tumors in different risk categories. Accurate preoperative grading of tumors is important for avoiding under‐ or overtreatment.

Purpose

To develop and validate an MRI texture‐based model to predict the mitotic index and its risk classification.

Study Type

Retrospective.

Population

Ninety‐one patients with histologically‐confirmed GIST; 64 patients in a training cohort, and 27 patients in a test cohort.

Field Strength/Sequence

T2‐weighted imaging (T2WI), diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI), and dynamic contrast‐enhanced three‐dimensional volumetric interpolated breath‐hold examination (3D‐VIBE) at 1.5T.

Assessment

GIST images were manually segmented by two independent radiologists using ITK‐SNAP software and MRI features were extracted using Pyradiomics. Two pathologists reviewed the tissue specimens of the tumors to identify the mitotic index and risk classification in consensus.

Statistical Tests

The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression method was used to select texture features. A logistic regression model was established based on the radiomic score (radscore), tumor location, and maximum diameter to predict tumor classification and develop a nomogram. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the ability of the nomogram to distinguish between two tumors with different risk classifications, and a calibration curve was used to evaluate the consistency between the predicted risk and the actual risk.

Results

The texture signature achieved high efficacy in predicting the mitotic index area under the curve ([AUC], 0.906; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.813, 0.961). A nomogram for prediction of the risk classification of GIST, which incorporated this texture signature together with maximum tumor diameter and location, allowed good discrimination in the training cohort (AUC, 0.878; 95% CI: 0.769, 0.960) and the validation cohort (AUC, 0.903; 95% CI: 0.732, 0.922).

Data Conclusion

The texture‐based model can be used to predict GIST mitotic index and risk classification preoperatively.

Level of Evidence

2.

Technical Efficacy Stage

3
A 5‐year study of dengue seropositivity among suspected cases attending a teaching hospital of North‐Western region of India
Authors: Kalita Jitu M. , Aggarwal Alisha , Yedale Kavita , Gadepalli Ravisekhar , Nag Vijaya L.
Published: October 2020

Dengue virus infection is estimated to cause infection in approximately 390 million people globally each year, of which 96 million develop clinical disease. Dengue serotype 2 (DEN‐2) is the most prevalent serotype over the past 50 years in India, but serotypes 3 and 4 have appeared in some epidemics as well. A retrospective study was conducted in a teaching hospital, western India, between January 2014 and December 2018. The records of dengue serological test were analyzed. In total, 40 randomly selected nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) antigen‐positive samples were analyzed by a reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction. The demographic data, that is, age and sex, along with geographic location and platelet count level, were recorded from the Serology laboratory register and Hospital Information System. In total, 14.85% (735/4948) samples tested positive for dengue serology. Most of the laboratory‐confirmed dengue cases, 34.97% (257/735), were observed in the 21–30 years of age group. The most common serotype detected in the tested samples was DEN‐3 in 55% cases (22/40, 13 monoinfection and 9 coinfection with DEN‐1 and DEN‐2). The present study gives an insight into the trend of dengue seropositivity among suspected cases in the western part of Rajasthan, India. This study showed a higher seroprevalence of dengue infection as well as a gradual increase in the seroprevalence in this part of India.
How Do Parentally Bereaved Emerging Adults Define Resilience? It's a Process
Authors: Plocha Aleksandra , Bacigalupe Gonzalo
Published: October 2020

The construct of resilience can be used to better understand college students who successfully navigate emerging adulthood after the death of a parent. This study used grounded theory to explore the age‐salient tasks that parentally bereaved emerging adults use to define resilience. Four tasks were identified and are discussed in the context of popular grief discourse. A conceptualization of resilience as a process is proposed, and ways counselors can apply this construct are discussed.