bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Proteomic and functional characterisation of platelet microparticle size classes
Authors: Dean William L. , Lee Menq J. , Cummins Timothy D. , Schultz David J. , Powell David W.
Published: January 2010

Activated platelets release large lipid-protein complexes termed microparticles. These platelet microparticles (PMP) are composed of vesicular fragments of the plasma membrane and α-granules. PMP facilitate coagulation, promote platelet and leukocyte adhesion to the subendothelial matrix, support angiogenesis and stimulate vascular smooth muscle proliferation. Objectives: PMP were separated into 4 size classes to facilitate identification of active protein and lipid components. PMP were obtained from activated human platelets and separated into 4 size classes by gel filtration chromatography. Proteins were identified using 2-dimensional, liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Functional effects on platelets were determined using the PFA-100→ and on endothelial cells by measuring transendothelial cell electrical resistance. PMP size classes differed significantly in their contents of plasma membrane receptors and adhesion molecules, chemokines, growth factors and protease inhibitors. The two smallest size classes (3 and 4) inhibited collagen/adenosine-diphosphate-mediated platelet thrombus formation, while fractions 2 and 4 stimulated barrier formation by endothelial cells. Heat denaturation blocked the effect of fraction 4 on endothelial cell function, but not fraction 2 implying that the active component in fraction 4 is a protein and in fraction 2 is a heat-stable protein or lipid but not sphingosine-1-phosphate. Proteomic and functional analysis of PMP size fractions has shown that PMP can be separated into different size classes that differ in protein components, protein/lipid ratio, and functional effects on platelets and endothelial cells. This analysis will facilitate identification of active components in the PMP and clarify their involvement in diseases such as atherosclerosis and cancer.
Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiovascular Toxicity of Targeted Cancer Therapeutics
Authors: Cheng Hui , Force Thomas
Published: January 2010

Abstract
:

In 2002, Hoshijima and Chien drew largely theoretical parallels between the dysregulation of the signaling pathways driving cancer and those driving cardiac hypertrophy (Hoshijima M, Chien KR.
J Clin Invest
. 2002;109:849–855). On the surface, this statement appeared to stretch the limits of reason, given the fact that cancer cells are known for their proliferative capacity, and adult cardiomyocytes are, except under unusual circumstances, terminally differentiated and incapable of re-entering the cell cycle. However, on closer examination, there are numerous parallels between signaling pathways that drive tumorigenesis and signaling pathways that regulate hypertrophic responses and survival in cardiomyocytes. Indeed, this issue appears to be at the core of the cardiotoxicity (often manifest as a dilated cardiomyopathy) that can result from treatment with agents typically referred to as “targeted therapeutics,” which target specific protein kinases that are dysregulated in cancer. Herein, we examine the cardiotoxicity of targeted therapeutics, focusing on the underlying molecular mechanisms, thereby allowing an understanding of the problem but also allowing the identification of novel, and sometimes surprising, roles played by protein kinases in the heart.
A social ethical analysis of the United Church of Canada's historical approach to human sexuality
Authors: Trothen Tracy J.
Published: January 2010

This article provides a feminist ethical analysis of the United Church of Canada's approach to sexuality between the Church's formation in 1925 and 1980. An examination of this period in the Church's history is essential to an adequate understanding of the development of its current approach to sexuality. Two paradigm shifts can be observed from this analysis. First, the Church's understanding of the purpose of human sexuality has moved from the conviction that such expressions must be limited to procreation and the strengthening of the union of heterosexual married couples, to the belief that intimate expressions of human sexuality have intrinsic value within marriage. Second, the understanding of human sexuality has been transformed from a primarily act-centred ethic (rules related to specific actions) to a primarily relational ethic (discernment based on the entire complex of inter-human relationships).
L'écrivain D. H. Lawrence, lecteur de l'Apocalypse
Authors: Julien Jacques
Published: January 2010

La théologie repose sur les actes de lire et de produire des textes. Il existe à ce sujet plusieurs théories concernant la lecture et l'interprétation. Cet article se réfère surtout à l'implication du lecteur au sein d'une communauté interprétante. Ce lecteur, D. H. Lawrence, est également un écrivain qui lit, avec ses préoccupations et ses attentes professionnelles, un texte, l'Apocalypse, d'un autre lecteur-écrivain, « Jean de Patmos ». L'examen des documents relatant les circonstances qui ont mené Lawrence à la rédaction de sa propre Apocalypse ne permet pas d'étudier tous les paramètres d'une lecture dans laquelle s'implique le lecteur. Cependant, l'observation du travail fait par le lecteur-écrivain suggère des questions à approfondir en ce qui concerne les contextes de la lecture, en particulier la liturgie et la lectio divina, la communauté interprétante, culturelle et croyante.
Émancipation de la femme et exégèse qur'ānique chez Bint al-Shātī' (1913-1998)
Authors: Marcotte Roxanne D.
Published: January 2010

Une présentation et analyse du concept « islamique » d'émancipation de la femme tel que le propose Bint al-Shātī' (1913-1998), Égyptienne spécialiste d'exégèse qur'ānique, permettra d'illustrer sa méthode exégétique. Au terme de cet exercice, certaines difficultés de son interprétation seront relevées, permettant de faire la lumière sur les contradictions que son exégèse, qui se veut à la fois islamique et moderne, ne peut éviter.
Allusion et traces d'ironie dans un texte de Marc
Authors: Hurley Robert
Published: January 2010

Mc 4, 10-12 comporte une allusion évidente à Is 6, 9-10. Ayant déjà publié une étude sur le texte d'Isaïe, l'auteur met en parallèle le caractère ironique de la mission prophétique que reçoit Isaïe et les remarques « taquines » que Jésus adresse au lecteur ou à la lectrice, pour ainsi dire « dans le dos » des disciples. S'il est vrai que d'autres ont déjà décrit l'ironie des paroles de Jésus dans ce passage, cet article est le premier à suggérer que le ton du texte marcien s'inspire de l'ironie isaïenne.
« Immédiateté médiatisée » des expériences chrétiennes de « Dieu » : une grille d'interprétation
Authors: Charland Dany
Published: January 2010

Certains récits et témoignages d'expériences spirituelles et religieuses semblent évoquer la possibilité d'entrer immédiatement en relation avec Dieu. Pourtant, la tradition chrétienne professe, conformément aux Écritures Saintes, que la révélation de Dieu n'est immédiate qu'en tant qu'elle est médiatisée en Jésus-Christ, l'unique et universel médiateur entre Dieu et les êtres humains, dans et par l'histoire de l'humanité. À l'évidence de cette tension, une réflexion systématique et une grille « herméneutico-pragmatico-narrative » sont proposées pour exposer, clarifier et articuler théologiquement le paradoxe de l'immédiateté médiatisée des expériences chrétiennes de Dieu.
Becoming answerable for what we say: Colonialism and the Pax AAR
Authors: Wolfart J.C.
Published: January 2010

Margaret Miles' 1999 Presidential Address to the American Academy of Religion (AAR), while undoubtedly well-intentioned, may have extremely negative implications for the AAR as a whole. In striving for inclusivity, Miles has simply declared an end to a crucial différence and debate within the AAR. Moreover, since Miles advocates replacing intellectual disagreement with essential différences, her advances are not only unwelcome—at least to some members of the AAR—but also potentially oppressive. This essay argues that the AAR as Miles envisages it would indeed be inclusive, but certainly not pluralistic. Instead, her discourse echoes some particularly insidious aspects of colonialism. These are illustrated, finally, with reflections on annual meeting of the AAR in Nashville's Opryland, November 2000.
Were the Acadians/Cajuns (really) "devout Catholics"?
Authors: Carroll Michael P.
Published: January 2010

For almost three centuries the Acadians of Acadia and their Cajun descendants in Louisiana have been described as "devout Catholics." Unfortunately, anyone who searches for evidence of this long-standing stereotype, either in the historical or ethnographic literature, finds that such evidence is simply not there. Given this problem, my goal in this article is to merge feminist theory with the few bits and pieces of information that we do have about the lived experience of Catholicism in Acadian communities in order to propose another way of "seeing" Cajun Catholics and Cajun Catholicism. In particular, I want to suggest that at least in the nineteenth century, Cajun religiosity derived less from "piety" (as that term is commonly understood) and more from ways of "doing gender" in Cajun communities.
« Comprendre » l'Amérique indienne : Itinéraires d'une recherche historico-religieuse
Authors: Samonà Giuseppe A.
Published: January 2010

Depuis ses débuts consacrée à l'étude des polythéismes classiques, des religions monothéistes, et éventuellement des traditions des peuples sans écriture, l'histoire des religions semble avoir presque ignoré l'Amérique indienne. Dans cet article, en considérant un ensemble de contributions très différentes sous plusieurs aspects (P.-D. Chantepie de la Saussaye, D. Sabbatucci, S. Gruzinski, etc.), nous nous proposons de retracer les raisons d'être, l'histoire de cette lacune, en montrant en même temps, à partir des itinéraires parcourus par notre recherche, les éléments nouveaux que la perspective historico-religieuse peut apporter à la compréhension des cultures amérindiennes. Par ailleurs, et surtout, la rencontre avec ces cultures nous conduira, en tant qu'historien des religions, à réfléchir sur le statut épistémologique de notre discipline, à l'intérieur d'une épistémologie plus générale des sciences sociales et humaines. Qu'est-ce que « comprendre » les autres cultures et religions ? Ou encore : cela a-t-il un sens, et lequel, de parler de « religions », en ce qui concerne l'Amérique indienne ? Voilà les principales questions que nous explorerons, en particulier à partir d'une analyse croisée de quelques travaux de C. Lévi-Strauss et E. De Martino.
Valeur fondamentale et système religieux
Authors: Morin Marie-Line
Published: January 2010

En rapprochant certains principes de la théorie des systèmes et les résultats de ses recherches sur le concept la valeur fondamentale, l'auteure formule l'hypothèse suivante : l'absence d'équilibre dans l'organisation intrinsèque du système religieux dominant ne favorise pas la reconnaissance des valeurs fondamentales des individus et la mise en correspondance de ces valeurs avec celles promues et véhiculées par le système religieux dont ils sont membres. Cette hypothèse l'amène à recommander l'établissement d'un système de communication plus favorable à l'identification et à la reconnaissance des valeurs fondamentales individuelles.
The making of a mahātma: Radhakrishnan's critique of Gandhi
Authors: Hawley Michael
Published: January 2010

Radhakrishnan's panegyrics on Gandhi have reinforced the popular and now well-entrenched image of Gandhi as India's Great Soul. A cursory reading of Radhakrishnan's works might suggest that he was an unwavering supporter of Gandhi. Challenging this popular perception, the author argues that throughout his life Radhakrishnan remained critical of several facets of Gandhi's thought and practice. Among them, renunciation and celibacy (brahmac, and satyāgraha (non-violent resistance) with its methods of non-violence (ahim sā ) and swadeshi (self-reliance) are recurring themes with which Radhakrishnan took issue. The author claims that neither the basis of Radhakrishnan's criticisms nor his estimation of Gandhi remained constant. Instead, Radhakrishnan's perception of Gandhi reflects the development of Radhakrishnan's own philosophical, religious and political sensibilities.
Social justice: Now, later or never? The contribution of Albrecht Ritschl and Johannes Weiss to social justice theology
Authors: Ahern Annette J.
Published: January 2010

This paper considers the influence of Albrecht Ritschl (1822-1889) and Johannes Weiss (1863-1914) on current social justice theologies. It begins by pointing to the significance of Ritschl and Weiss within the context of fin de siècle German theology. This is followed by an explication of the different interpretations of the kingdom of God that appear in the works of Ritschl and Weiss. Finally, the interpretations of Ritschl and Weiss are tied to current Christian reflection concerning social justice in the work of Rosemary Ruether (1936- ) and Stanley Hauerwas (1940- ). The paper demonstrates the relevance of Ritschl and Weiss to contemporary religious discourse concerning the role that Christianity can and should play in the promotion of social justice.
Accounting for Gandhi's allegorical interpretation of the Bhagavadgītā
Authors: Sharma Arvind
Published: January 2010

Mahatma Gandhi is well known for offering an allegorical interpretation of the Bhagavadgī tā , whereas the more usual understanding of it in Hindu circles tends to be literal. This raises the question: what factors led Mahatma Gandhi to espouse an allegorical interpretation of the Bhagavadgī tā ? This paper concludes that Mahatma Gandhi preferred an allegorical interpretation on the basis of what he considered the "internal evidence" provided by the Mahā bhā rata and the Bhagavadgī tā and not under the influence of general exegetical trends, historical or contemporary, or of Arnold's translation or Theosophical, Jaina and Christian teachings or on account of his commitment to ahim sā .
Sciences des religions et théologie : un projet au sein de la pluralité des modèles
Authors: Lefebvre Solange
Published: January 2010

Évoquant des réflexions faites en France, en Suisse et dans le monde anglo-saxon sur les rapports entre théologie et sciences des religions, cet article amorce un travail de systématisation critique. Il situe aussi la mise sur pied d'un nouveau centre d'étude des religions à l'Université de Montréal (CÉRUM) sur l'horizon des réflexions et des modèles institutionnels concernant l'étude de la religion ou du phénomène religieux, surtout au Canada et dans certains autres pays occidentaux. Les synergies qui se développent au sein du CÉRUM relèvent à la fois d'une distinction entre théologie et sciences des religions, et d'une interaction sur laquelle il faut réfléchir.
The Presbyterian Church in Canada and the Pope: One denomination's struggle with its confessional history
Authors: Bush Peter G.
Published: January 2010

The Westminster Confession of Faith (1647), a subordinate standard of The Presbyterian Church in Canada, makes harsh, even offensive, statements about the Pope and the Roman Catholic Church. This paper explores how The Presbyterian Church in Canada has sought to balance the confessional nature of the church with its changing views of the Roman Catholic Church. Choosing not to amend the Westminster Confession of Faith, the church has adopted explanatory notes and declaratory acts to help Presbyterians understand the Confession in a new time.
Muslims in Canada: Opportunities and challenges
Authors: Hussain Amir
Published: January 2010

This article outlines the major opportunities and challenges that shape the identities of Muslims in Canada and argues that Canadian Muslims are closer to each other and are also less alienated from, or closer to, the majority (non-Muslim) population than are Muslims in the United States. The opportunities discussed are multiculturalism, Muslim minorities and interfaith dialogue. As Muslims in Canada build institutions, communities and lives, Canadian contexts present them with challenges as well as opportunities. Five key challenges are discussed in this article: mosques, community life and Muslim worship, marking boundaries, gender and sexual orientation.
Rave and religion? A contemporary youth phenomenon as seen through the lens of religious studies
Authors: Gauthier François
Published: January 2010

This article examines the contemporary phenomenon of raves. Although explicit religious references abound in rave culture and also in scholarly interpretations of raves, these references are generally analogous and avoid direct mention of "religion" proper. In this article, we apply the theory of displacement of religious experience and the sacred to draw out the structural and phenomenological religious homology of raves and set the study of this youth phenomenon and the subculture which surrounds it firmly within the field of religious studies. We also propose avenues for further investigation. The article begins with a brief history and definition of "rave." Then it turns to the symbolic and religious references found in raves as well as the meanings both participants and commentators attribute to this phenomenon. Third, it presents and discusses the ritual structure of rave, using the theory of the mechanism and dynamics of the transgression-fuelled festal ritual ( la fête), as defined by Georges Bataille. Its purpose is to contribute to an understanding of how contemporary religious economy develops, particularly a religious economy that concerns a now largely secularized youth.
The impact of 9/11 on Muslim identity in the Canadian National Capital Region: Institutional response and future prospects
Authors: Yousif Ahmad F.
Published: January 2010

In the post-September 11, 2001 period, Muslims living in the Canadian National Capital Region (CNCR) have undergone various challenges at both the individual and community level. This study examines the extent to which the Muslim community in the CNCR has been able to maintain its religious identification, while at the same time adhere to Canadian social values and lifestyle, particularly in the aftermath of 9/11. It commences with a général overview of the changing demographic characteristics of the Muslim community in the CNCR, and assesses the impact of 9/11 on Muslims. Subsequently, the role played by Muslim and non-Muslim institutions in assisting Muslims to adjust to the crisis is discussed, while stratégies are proposed for how Muslims can enhance their acculturation into Canadian society in the aftermath of 9/11.
Du but initial au but subjectif : la réponse des appelés dans les textes de la Première Alliance
Authors: David Robert
Published: January 2010

On a souvent commenté les récits de vocation des textes de la Première Alliance. Jamais cependant ne les a-t-on lus à partir d'une grille de théologie du procès (process theology). C'est donc à la lumière de cette approche qu'ils sont ici analysés en privilégiant quelques concepts du procès tels les buts initiaux, les buts subjectifs et l'avancée créatrice. Délaissant le côté psychologique ou historique des narrations, c'est aux attraits de base inscrits par les auteurs de ces textes que cette étude s'intéresse. Il en ressort un appel à quitter les sécurités des modes de pensée et d'agir passés pour inventer, dans la continuité et la rupture, de nouvelles avenues où les relations à soi, aux autres et à Dieu se jouent sous le mode de l'inter-action et du devenir mutuel.
Fellowship, Pharisees and the common people in early Rabbinic tradition
Authors: Ames Tracy
Published: January 2010

This paper explores the phenomenon of non-priestly purity within the ancient Jewish purity system and examines passages in Tannaitic literature that refer to p'rushim (Pharisees), haverim and ne'e-manim, all of whom have been associated with practising non-priestly purity laws during the Second Temple period. The 'am ha-aretz, people accused of non-compliance with ritual purity, are also a focus of the paper. An analysis of the terms p'rushim, haverim, ne'emanim and 'am ha-aretz reveals that variant meanings have been attached to these categories in different passages of rabbinic literature and that the terms are fluid and resist classification. The findings of this paper challenge some of the prevailing theories that attempt to explain the phenomenon of non-priestly purity in ancient Israel.
« Institution symbolique », « Loi » et « Décision sans sujet ». Y a-t-il deux philosophies de l'histoire chez Marcel Gauchet ?
Authors: Labelle Gilles
Published: January 2010

Le projet intellectuel de Marcel Gauchet consiste en l'élaboration de ce qu'il nomme une « anthroposociologie transcendantale ». Par là, Gauchet entend l'invention de concepts et la production d'analyses visant à rendre compte des conditions de possibilité de l'humanité socialisée, autrement dit, de la vie en société. C'est à l'examen de quelques-uns des concepts de l'anthroposociologie transcendantale et à leurs prolongements que je me consacre dans ces pages: « Institution symbolique », « Loi », « Décision sans sujet ». Ces concepts orientent non seulement la recherche menée par Gauchet mais également, à mon sens, sont porteurs d'une dimension normative qu'il faut interroger. Mon hypothèse est que ces concepts peuvent être associés à deux philosophies de l'histoire qui se contredisent l'une l'autre.
Outside looking in, inside looking out: An epilogue (of sorts)
Authors: Hughes Aaron W
Published: January 2010

This epilogue reflects on some of the weaknesses, strengths, omissions and future prospects for Religious Studies in Canada. Taking as its point of departure the CCSR-sponsored and SSHRC-funded state-of-the-art reviews, it moves to an examination of certain lacunae in Canadian departments of Religious Studies, such as the privileging of the historical over the contemporary, the philological over the theoretical, non-Canadian religious idioms over Canadian ones and a marginalization of First Nations traditions. It raises the question of shrinking university budgets and reduced funding for departments devoted to the Humanities, and the repercussions that this will have on how we "manufacture" religion. Finally, it concludes, in typical Canadian fashion, on a pessimistically optimistic note.
Was there science in ancient Judaism? Historical and cross-cultural reflections on "religion" and "science"
Authors: Yoshiko Reed Annette
Published: January 2010

This article considers the place of scientific inquiry in ancient Judaism with a focus on astronomy and cosmology. It explores how ancient Jews used biblical interpretation to situate "scientific" knowledge in relation to "religious" concerns. In the Second Temple period (538 B.C.E.-70 C.E.) biblical interpretation is often used to integrate insights from Mesopotamian and Greek scientific traditions. In classical rabbinic Judaism (70-600 C.E.) astronomy became marked as an esoteric discipline, and cosmology is understood in terms of Ma'aseh Bereshit, a category that blurs the boundaries between "science" and "religion." Whereas modern thinkers often see Judaism and "science" as incompatible, medieval Jewish thinkers built on these ancient traditions; some even viewed themselves as heirs to a Jewish intellectual tradition that included astronomy, cosmology, medicine and mathematics.
Le bon roi Prthu et la traite de la vache Terre : un plaidoyer en faveur de la Terre nourricière à protéger des violences
Authors: Saindon Marcelle
Published: January 2010

Dans le Mahābhārata, Prthu est le souverain qui étend l'empire, fait croître ses sujets et les protège contre les violences. Il est aussi le ksatriya qui gouverne et châtie selon la dandanīti. Les récits du Harivamśa et des purāna mettent l'accent sur la traite de la vache Terre et sur le devoir du roi comme pourvoyeur de subsistance pour son peuple, grâce à la générosité de la Terre. Certains autres purāna mettent plutôt en évidence l'avidité des humains qui arrachent de force de la Terre toutes ses richesses et font tout périr ; Brahmà doit traire de la Terre les plantes et les grains afin de lui restaurer sa fertilité. Tous ces récits font de la Terre une vache kāmaduh, « qui peut satisfaire tous les désirs », et rendent le roi responsable de la prospérité de la Terre mère et de l'environnement. Le thème de la traite de la Terre reprend, en la transformant, la source védique de la traite de Virāj, une puissance universelle. Mais avant tout, il reprend, dans une perspective écologique, la conception védique de la Terre mère, divine donneuse de richesses, qui trait pour les humains tous les laits qu'ils désirent.
L'héritage spirituel d'Etty Hillesum : « Je me sens comme une des nombreuses héritières d'un grand legs spirituel »
Authors: Pleshoyano Alexandra
Published: January 2010

Etty Hillesum, une jeune femme juive vivant à Amsterdam, meurt le 30 novembre 1943 à 29 ans, laissant derrière elle des écrits qui suscitent un grand intérêt aujourd'hui. D'une perspective spirituelle, ses écrits posent un problème de lecture : quel est son Dieu ? Peut-on parler de religion chez elle ? Quelles sont ses sources spirituelles ? Ces écrits étonnent par leur caractère éclectique (chrétien, juif, bouddhiste, taoïste) et soulèvent plusieurs questions. Après avoir présenté Etty dans son contexte, nous nous proposons dans cet article d'aborder la question de l'identité, préalable essentiel à un cheminement humain et spirituel équilibré. Etty se sent appelée à transmettre son héritage spirituel afin de préparer les temps nouveaux. Mais existe-t-il des paroles assez puissantes pour rendre son témoignage crédible ? Peut-on parler de Dieu lorsque la violence et la haine se déchaînent sur des innocents ?
Patterning employee voice in multinational companies
Authors: Lavelle Jonathan , Gunnigle Patrick , McDonnell Anthony
Published: January 2010

Employee voice has been an enduring theme within the employment relations literature.This article profiles the incidence of a range of direct and indirect employee voice mechanisms within multinational companies (MNCs) and, using an analytical framework, identifies a number of different approaches to employee voice. Drawing from a highly representative sample of MNCs in Ireland, we point to quite a significant level of engagement with all types of employee voice, both direct and indirect. Using the analytical framework, we find that the most common approach to employee voice was an indirect voice approach (i.e. the use of trade unions and/or non-union structures of collective employee representation). The regression analysis identifies factors such as country of origin, sector, the European Union Directive on Information and Consultation and date of establishment as having varying impacts on the approaches adopted by MNCs to employee voice.
Employee voice and organizational performance: Team versus representative influence
Authors: Kim Jaewon , MacDuffie John Paul , Pil Frits K
Published: January 2010

This article explores the effects of team voice and worker representative voice, as well as their interaction, on labor productivity. We examine team voice in terms of team influence on key work-related issues and representative voice via the degree of worker representatives’ influence on multiple collective voice issues. We thus build on the European tradition of examining both direct and indirect voice and their implications for valued organizational outcomes. We find that neither type of voice bears a significant relationship to labor productivity when examined solely but that team voice significantly contributes to enhanced worker efficiency when considered in conjunction with representative voice. In examining the interaction of the two types of voice, we find that a combination of low team and low representative voice leads to inferior labor efficiency compared to other conditions. We also find a negative interaction between team voice and worker representative voice, supporting an interpretation that these types of voice do not complement each other with respect to worker productivity. The positive impact of each type of voice is significantly stronger at low levels of the other type of voice.
The Legislative Council
Authors: Benda H.
Published: January 2010

“If a second Chamber agrees with the first, it is superfluous; while if it disagrees, it is obnoxious.” —Sieyes.
Hyundai Motors 1998-1999: the anatomy of a strike
Authors: Neary Michael
Published: January 2010

On July 20, 1998 the workers at Hyundai Motors went on strike. Although not the first industrial action since the introduction of the new anti-labour laws in December 1996, this dispute is regarded by the Korean labour movement as a defining moment in the struggle against the restructuring of work by the Korean state. The Hyundai Motor Workers’ Union is the most important union in Korea. It provided the framework and organisation for the triumphant ‘Great Struggle’ in 1987 when the people of S. Korea replaced a military dictatorship with a civilian government and it has played a major role in all the other battles since then, including the General Strike in 1996-97 and the fight against the conditions imposed by the IMF following the onset of the Asian economic crisis 1997-98. All of the issues that the labour movement and the state had been fighting for over the previous year and a half became focused on the genesis, development and outcome of the Hyundai strike. It became a microcosm of the more general conflict between capital and labour in Korea, a proxy war for all the disputes between Korean management and employees and an industrial relations experiment testing the limits of what was possible by aggressive management strategies. What the strike and its resolution reveal is a labour movement that, despite its previously inspirational capacity to effect significant social transformation, is now in a confused and uncertain condition, vulnerable to management and government attacks.
The Crisis of Labour Relations in Germany
Authors: Upchurch Martin
Published: January 2010

The article traces the historical development and peculiarities of (West) German capitalism and the place of consensus within the ideological superstructure. New state and employer offensives against labour are recorded and analysed and the resultant crisis of labour relations is discussed. The author argues that employers are, as yet, unwilling to launch a full frontal attack on co-determination.
Making Europe work-the struggle to cut the workweek
Authors: Went Robert
Published: January 2010

The launch of the Euro on 1 January 1999 has increased the pressure for EU-wide wage restraints and further flexibilization of labour markets. In the run-up to the European Union summit in Cologne, Dutch ministers Zalm (finance) and De Vries (social affairs and employment) urged their EU colleagues to Europeanise government intervention aimed at keeping wages down, so that profits will go up and (supposedly) more jobs will be created. The OECD (1999: 17) has also said, in a special report about the EMU, ‘There is no guarantee that EMU will set forces in motion that would automatically lead to a better functioning of Euro area labour markets. The sooner countries implement policies that foster greater labour market flexibility, the more they will be to absorb future shocks.’ But ‘the fight for Europe is in full swing’ (Dornbusch, 1997), because in several European countries, most importantly France,1 there are trade unions, social movements and parts of the political left that oppose such policies, and propose a shorter workweek and/or an increase in purchasing power instead. The European Union is facing very high unemployment, and two antagonistic social logics are counterposed to each other (Coutrot, 1997: 40).
Environmental Politics: Analyses and Alternatives
Authors: Lange Bettina , Strange Gerard
Published: January 2010

OVER THE LAST TWENTY YEARS OR SO, analysts on the ‘left’—perhaps still a serviceable phrase until a better one is found—have been rethinking familiar categories partly at least in order to identify new ‘revolutionary subjects’, especially in the new social movements. Environmental destruction and green resistance have been in the orbit of these analyses for some time, and we can now draw on a rich and well-established eco-Marxist (e.g. Ted Benton) and green socialist (e.g. David Pepper) literature. However, reading Capital & Class one would hardly have noticed the existence of such a literature, as it has been only represented in the occasional, relatively isolated article. While no longer ignored in the pages of the journal, Red-Green has not developed into the kind of sustained debate which forms an integral aspect of the CSE tradition with regard to labour process, state theory, or value theory. Recognising the deficiency, the Capital & Class Editorial Board decided a few years ago to start remedying it by, initially, calling for proposals of contributions to a special Red-Green issue of the journal. The number and quality of the responses indicated, encouragingly, scope beyond the special issue for the hoped-for ongoing debate.
On Explaining Consumption
Authors: Lodziak Conrad
Published: January 2010

A radical critique of contemporary culture-based theories of consumption. A materialist theory of consumption is outlined and its implication for reducing consumption are noted.
An Integral Approach to the Asian ‘Crisis’: The (Dis)Articulation of the Production and Financial (Dis-)Orders
Authors: Sum Ngai-Ling
Published: January 2010

This paper critiques Lo's work on the Asian Crisis (see Spring 1999 issue of Capital & Class) and offers a regulationist alternative. This suggests there was a certain structural coherence between the production and financial forms in the post-Plaza period and that this productive-financial configuration was prone to crises of overproduction-underconsumption, overborrowing, and exchange weaknesses. This vulnerability was exacerbated by specific conjunctural developments that disrupted the previous coherence. The resulting disarticulation has had differential effects on economies in the region.
State theory, regulation, and autopoiesis: debates and controversies
Authors: Jessop Bob
Published: January 2010

This contribution briefly reviews the role of various debates in Capital & Class and its predecessor, the Bulletin of the Conference of Socialist Economists, in the development of my own work over the last 25 years. These debates concern Marxist state theory; Fordism and post-Fordism; the regulation approach; the relevance of autopoiesis to Marxist analysis; and, most recently, critical realism. Other issues and problems have also influenced my work, of course, but several important theoretical turns have been prompted by challenges raised by CSE members.
Marx, international political economy and globalisation
Authors: Burnham Peter
Published: January 2010

It is perhaps understandable that until the fall of the Soviet Union, the study of Marxism within the discipline of international relations was restricted largely to discussion of the state ideology Marxism-Leninism. The events of 1989, and the spectacular rise of the sub-discipline of international political economy in the context of globalisation, have, somewhat paradoxically, led to a resurgence of interest in critical, open forms of Marxism. Attempts to break away from the dogmatism of Marxism-Leninism whilst avoiding the complementary error of humanistic subjectivism have, of course, a long tradition in marxist thought. Consistent with the ‘open’, critical tradition is the work produced by, amongst others, Luxemburg, Korsch, Bloch, Rubin, Pashukanis, Rosdolsky, the Italian tradition of ‘autonomist’ Marxism and the work of contributors to debates on value and the state held in the early years of the Conference of Socialist Economists. This paper briefly outlines the contribution the ‘CSE tradition’ offers to the study of international relations and the fashionable analysis of globalisation.
The Labor Theory of Value and the strategic role of alienation
Authors: Wennerlind Carl
Published: January 2010

In order to avoid reifying Marx's social theory, it is important to focus on the social relations that Marx's analytical categories denote. By focusing on value formation as the process of reproducing social control, the imposition of alienation takes on a richer meaning. Not only is alienation a process of human degradation, it is also a strategic instrument in the valorization process.
Teenage pregnancy: the government's dilemma
Authors: Hoggart Lesley
Published: January 2010

Tackling the ‘problem’ of teenage pregnancy was proclaimed as one of the priorities of New Labour. It is an issue that is rarely out of the news and provokes strong opinions from all sides of the political spectrum. This article discusses the social, political and historical context to the current debate. It argues that the centrality of the issues of social inequality and reproductive choice to the debate make it important for socialists and feminists.
The formation of fear in gay space: the ‘straights' story
Authors: Moran Leslie J. , Skeggs Beverley , Tyrer Paul , Corteen Karen
Published: January 2010

It is well-known that lesbians and gay men have long been produced and examined as objects of fear. However, this article analyses lesbians and gay men as subjects of fear. This paper offers an exploration of the formation and uses of fear in the context of lesbian and gay experiences of danger and safety associated with violence. In so doing it explores the politics and geography of fear that inform lesbian and gay perceptions of danger and safety. The evidence provided is based upon an analysis of an established and a non-established arena of lesbian and gay performance and visibility/invisibility.
State restructuring and trade union realignment
Authors: Gordon Alex , Mathers Andy
Published: January 2010

May 2003 saw millions of French workers take to the streets over the issue of pensions, in mobilisations that the financial press presented as a peculiarly French summer ritual (Graham, 2003). Yet a look behind the news shows that the fight over pensions marks an important phase in a fierce and protracted class struggle over the restructuring of the welfare state—a struggle occurring across Europe. Pension reform precipitated a general strike in Greece in 2001, and in 2003 it provoked the first national strike in Austria since 1950. Even staff at the European Commission staged a walkout in May 2003, to protest against cuts in pension entitlement.
Welfare-through-work and the re-regulation of labour markets in Denmark
Authors: Etherington David , Jones Martin
Published: January 2010

This paper is positioned within theoretical perspectives that focus on welfare states as systems of power and negotiation between key social forces acting in and through the state apparatus. Despite an emerging consensus that UK welfare-state restructuring is deeply problematic, there appears to be reluctance, within the debate, to discuss viable alternatives to neoliberalism. In contrast to UK and North American strategies, Denmark has adopted a ‘welfare- through-work’ model, built around a more inclusive system of welfare reform. This article discusses its emergence, and focuses on the importance of Job Rotation as its leading-edge socio-economic strategy. It highlights recent conflicts and tensions within Job Rotation and, lastly, suggests lessons for the UK.
Marxian and post-Keynesian theories of finance and the business cycle
Authors: Evans Trevor
Published: January 2010

This survey of Marxian writing presents an analysis of the business cycle that involves both real developments, which determine the rate of profit, and financial factors, which have an impact through the availability of credit and the rate of interest. The paper also draws on the work of recent post-Keynesians, who have developed illuminating insights into how modern capitalist financial systems function. But in contrast to the impression created by some post-Keynesians, it argues that business cycles are not just a result of financial instability, and that while it might be possible to modify or ameliorate their effects, they cannot be eliminated.
Cultural consumption and the myth of life-style
Authors: Maycroft Neil
Published: January 2010

The concept of life-style seems to have been thoroughly naturalised, both academically and in common parlance. There is little critical interrogation of what life-style involves, beyond its connection to cultural and aesthetic aspects of consumption. What are the implications of accepting this culturalised description of consumption and its shorthand designation, ‘lifestyle’? This polemical paper interrogates both the linguistic and conceptual challenges associated with the term, and argues that it acts to efface and erase important social differences of wealth, opportunity, class, gender and ethnicity, as well as obscuring global and historical inequalities.
‘A spacious horizon is an image of liberty’: Artistic and literary representations of space and freedom in the English common field landscape in the face of Parliamentary Enclosure, 1810-1830
Authors: Waites Ian
Published: January 2010

This article explores artistic representations and responses to the Parliamentary Enclosures of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. It examines the literary work of John Clare and the paintings of Peter DeWint in depth. It highlights the competing cultural and political agendas of the time, the cultural meanings that common land and the rights of access to it held for common people, and the way the privatisation of common land dramatically affected their cultural lives. The article then draws some comparisons between the cultural politics of land and space from this period, and contemporary urban, spatial political movements such as Reclaim the Streets, in order to highlight its continued urgency and vitality.
The legacy of the Situationist International: The production of situations of creative resistance
Authors: Barnard Adam
Published: January 2010

This article argues that the Situationist International (S.I.) forms an essential resource that prefigures the values and organisation of certain trends within the creative industries. Reviewing the history and key contributions of the S.I., it will discuss the tensions between its artistic and more overtly political elements. The central concepts of the spectacle, dérive, détournement, psychogeography and unitary urbanism are examined in the second section. The third section addresses the construction of ‘situations’, and earlier attempts at architectural situations. Situations, projects and resistance to the spectacle are the central contributions that can inform creative industries and cultural production. The final section explores possible future directions for the S.I., before examining the Situationists' contribution to creative resistance.
The 2003 European Social Forum: Where next for the anti-capitalist movement?
Authors: Tormey Simon
Published: January 2010

The Paris European Social Forum (ESF), which took place in November 2003, was the second such continental gathering since Florence in 2002. Yet much of the political energy of Florence was lacking. Why was this? The author argues that the social forum is caught between a desire for greater ‘inclusivity’ and the need to develop political strategies that can affirm the guiding rationale of the social forum process, i.e. that ‘another world is possible’. The London ESF, due to take place in October 2004, needs to reassert the primacy of the political over the social function of the ESF, and to help promote forms of activism that offer a genuine challenge to the corporate takeover of the planet.
SUD trade unions: The new organisations trying to conquer the French trade union scene
Authors: Damesin Renaud , Denis Jean-Michel
Published: January 2010

In a context of pluralism and union division, the SUD unions (Solidaires, Unitaires, Démocratiques) have developed strongly in France in recent years. They are often presented as corporatists, and as protest professionals. We will see, in the following article, how this analysis falls short of being able to aid understanding of the complexity of the form SUD unions take, or of explaining the current limits of their actions; and how it equally fails to tackle the questions that SUD raises for the French union movement.
The road to God knows where: Understanding Irish republicanism
Authors: Smyth Jim
Published: January 2010

Republicanism has understood itself as a radical movement, committed to the idea of a United Ireland—a political entity based upon socialist principles. Involvement in the political process has brought considerable success in the form of elected representatives in Northern Ireland, the Republic and Westminster. The discourse of republicanism has undergone a significant transformation as Sinn Féin has sought to widen its electoral appeal. The transformation of the language of republicanism has been gradual and incremental, posing the question of whether Sinn Féin has a political agenda beyond electoral success.
Complexities of class and gender relations: Recollections of women active in the 1984-5 miner's strike
Authors: Shaw Monica , Mundy Mave
Published: January 2010

Based on qualitative data collected from women who were activists in the 1984-85 miner's strike in Northumberland and County Durham, this paper challenges romanticised and over-simplistic accounts of women's participation in the 1984-5 miner's strike. Interview data from two periods—1985-7 and 2002-4—is used in order to illustrate the ambivalence and contradictions of women's experience in relation to four themes: personal strength and vulnerability; solidarity, support and betrayal; solidarity amongst women, and the dilemmas of sisterhood; and solidarity with men, and power struggles. In so doing, the paper explores complexities of class and gender in the context of the strike.
Emotional regeneration through community action in post-industrial mining communities: The New Herrington Miners' Banner Partnership
Authors: Stephenson Carol , Wray David
Published: January 2010

Despite the pessimistic examples of the social and economic decline of post-industrial mining given in the literature, there is emerging evidence that some of these communities appear to be regenerating themselves using the cultural capital accrued through tradition, and maintained by festival and exhibition. This is being achieved through attempts to ensure that this unique heritage, grounded in solidaristic and inclusive social networks, is not lost to succeeding generations. Through participation in the annual Durham Miners' Gala and the refurbishment of old community banners, some community activists are seeking to use their cultural and traditional heritage as a form of ‘emotional regeneration’.
‘With a little help from our friends’: The role of new solidarities and alliances in the remaking of Warsop Vale
Authors: Waddington David
Published: January 2010

This article comprises a longitudinal study of community activism and regeneration following pit closure in the small Nottinghamshire ex-mining village of Warsop Vale. Based on more than a hundred interviews carried out between 1998 and 2004, the article highlights the significance of ‘new’ solidarities and alliances between residents and external agencies in the gradual revitalisation of a community once teetering on the brink of extinction.