bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strategy analysis of e-commerce enterprises under the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Chen Shijia , Wu Yutong , Wu Yuwei , Li Zeyu
Published: December 2022

Due to the emergence of COVID-19 and the rise of the digital economy, the economic environment and trade patterns have completely changed, which has a significant impact on the development of domestic e-commerce enterprises. In this case, the formulation of a scientific enterprise strategy has become the key to the transformation and upgrading of e-commerce enterprises and their maintenance and development. This paper will take PDD, a large domestic e-commerce platform, as a case study and SWOT model as a qualitative indicator to gradually analyze its internal competitive advantages and disadvantages, external development opportunities, and competitors. The financial data of PDD are used as quantitative indicators to analyze its solvency, operating ability, profitability, and future growth trend; To explore the rationality and shortcomings of Duoduo's current corporate strategy from both qualitative and quantitative perspectives. Through the research, it is found that although the existing strategy of PDD enables the enterprise to obtain greater competitive advantages and good solvency and operation ability, it fails to help the enterprise improve the currently low profitability and break through the growth bottleneck, which leads to a slight decline in the investment value of PDD and the profitability method is not favored. Based on the development opportunities of PDD, this paper will put forward suggestions for the improvement of enterprise strategy to help enterprises successfully transform and upgrade.
Gender Discrimination in Chinese Primary School Textbooks: Evidence in English Textbooks
Authors: Pan Yucen
Published: December 2022

Textbook is an indispensable medium for students to acquire knowledge. The completeness of its content and the clarity of its logic are the reasons why it is used as a teaching aid in schools for so many years and not easy to replace. But behind the visible, intentional formal curriculum, there are hidden curriculums. Hidden curriculums include not only objective factors such as social environment, but also subjective factors such as people's subconscious and inherent impression. Through qualitative and quantitative methods, this research examines whether Chinese textbooks contain hidden curriculums with gender discrimination from some specific perspectives. In this research, data analysis and interviews are both included. The results have shown that gender discrimination exists in China’s English textbooks. Instead of appeal directly in the textbook, it appears in the form of hidden curriculum. Also, in the end of this paper, there will be some suggestions to textbooks writing team, and teachers in China.
Strategies for Classroom Language Behaviors: A Case Study of Primary School Mathematics Classes with Bilingual Education
Authors: Xiong Zhongqiu
Published: December 2022

The most important thing for an instructional classroom is to make it efficient and easy for students to learn. The teacher's use of language plays a pivotal role in the classroom. In a bilingual classroom, the use of teacher language is not only about whether the students learn, but also about whether the students understand the teacher's second language correctly and whether they learn the correct knowledge. Therefore, the use of teacher language in the bilingual classroom is even more important. This paper analyzed the teacher's use of teaching language, which are written language, spoken language, and body language, in a case study of a bilingual mathematics classroom. Next, this paper analyzed the grammatical problems of the second language, the pedagogical knowledge problems, and the possible emergencies in the classroom. To address these possible emergencies in the classroom, this paper suggested strategies for using the teacher's language and how to design the classroom beforehand, in order to help the classroom, complete smoothly, improve the efficiency of the bilingual classroom, and help students gain more knowledge.
The Application of Scaffolding in Junior School Teaching
Authors: Lu Xingzhu
Published: December 2022

The scaffolding strategy is very important and widely applied in practical teaching. The correct application of scaffolding can assist students to enter their zone of proximal development and achieve personal development. This research analyzes the scaffoldings used by the teacher in a specific math class, which is the multiplying and factoring of polynomial expressions. The teaching framework is reasonable, and the difficulty is progressive. Students can develop from the existing knowledge, comprehend the multiplying and factoring polynomial expression and apply the knowledge finally. However, there are no examples close to students’ life and experience, which is concise and clear but decreases their learning agency perhaps at the same time. During the teaching process, teachers encourage students to think creatively and guide students to understand error-prone points by asking questions continually.
How Design in the 19th and 20th Centuries has Helped Connect Humans Across Nations and Cultures
Authors: Zhang Weiya
Published: December 2022

Nowadays, the countries of the world are becoming closer, and the distances between countries and cultures around the world are gradually being reduced. Geographical, ethnic, social, and psychological barriers that seemed so difficult to overcome are gradually disappearing. People are coming into contact with each other and living together. Technological developments and innovations have been an important unifying factor or force in connecting people across the globe. The subject of this paper is a discussion of examples of nineteenth and twentieth-century design, which can be tools, objects, built environments, services, and more, that have helped to connect people across countries and cultures. An annotated bibliography now intricately fixes the thrust of the issue. The approach of this paper is as follows: three typical examples of design from the 19th and 20th centuries are collected for analysis, for example, the telephone, the Internet, the airplane, and the airport. They have played a massive role in bridging the vast gap between country and country, culture and culture. to further explain these enormous roles visually and visually. In summary, the following annotated bibliography and examples are essential to help draft research projects effectively and efficiently. Three typical cases show that technological progress and innovation in the 19th and 20th centuries did play an important role in bridging the significant differences between countries and cultures.
An Empirical Study on the Impact of China's E-commerce Development on Export Trade
Authors: Zhang Wei
Published: December 2022

At home and abroad, this paper will concentrate on the perspective of the development of electronic commerce and the export trade development, draw lessons from advanced literature at home and abroad, and analyzes its limitations, establishing electronic commerce the influence mechanism of our country foreign trade export, and to our country's current e-commerce and the development of our country foreign trade status and the existing problems are studied. Finally, according to China's current policy and e-commerce market environment, put forward the strategy and suggestions to further expand e-commerce activities.China's e-commerce activities do have an important impact on China's export, and with the improvement of China's e-commerce level, the growth of trade volume will play a positive role in promoting China's export. Through the development of e-commerce activities, can significantly improve the export of a country's foreign trade, thus promoting the country's international trade. E-commerce can reduce international trade barriers between suppliers and the national consumers, through the logistics, information flow and cash flow, greatly reduces the country's purchase cost, reduce the cost of international suppliers, simplify the international market, improve the international suppliers and cooperation between countries, to produce more trade opportunities, promote the export of international trade.
A Sustainable Fashion Industry Business Model Revolution Based on the Metaverse: Practices and Reciprocal Processes
Authors: Yan Ruobing
Published: December 2022

The technological breakthrough of the metaverse makes it accessible as an online social environment where customers can socialize and reside in the form of avatars, as well as able to possess virtual property in the same manner they own physical property. The incorporation of the fashion industry into the metaverse can contribute to the development of its sustainability by revolutionizing the design, production, and communication stages of the supply chain, enabling circular economy business models, and minimizing environmental damage while satisfying customer needs. Through a review of relevant theoretical literature and an analysis of practices, this paper intends to illustrate a mechanism, describe how digital fashion based on the metaverse benefits industry sustainability, consumers, and the environment, and serve as a reference for practitioners seeking to advance their business strategies.
A Case Study of McDonald’s Organizational Development
Authors: Chen Jiala , Li Muxuan
Published: December 2022

Based on the "Sinicization" of McDonald's as the main research background, this paper focuses on the analysis of the group after entering the Chinese market in the organizational management adaptability of the problems and solutions. After a systematic analysis of the business model, development concept and business pain points carried out in the process of McDonald's Sinicization, this paper analyzes the difficulties and problems encountered in the process of Sinicization from many perspectives, such as corporate culture, leadership style, staff management and so on. In the end, based on the theory of organizational behavior, the paper puts forward feasible suggestions for the future development of the company, aiming at the hope that McDonald's development will be better and better.
The Root of Hyperinflation in Venezuela: Statism, Chavismo, and Dictatorship
Authors: Wang Xiaoqiao
Published: December 2022

Venezuela, endowed with abundant oil resources, was one of the wealthiest countries in Latin America, with a promising future. However, Venezuela’s economic condition has dramatically deteriorated in recent years, with the country experiencing hyperinflation and a major recession in 2016. The popular view is that Venezuela suffers from the “Dutch disease,” in which a government develops an unsustainable reliance on natural resource exports at the expense of other sectors, making the economies increasingly susceptible to volatile global oil prices and capital flights. This study compares economic data from oil-dependent countries around the world and reveals that the “Dutch disease” theory can only explain Venezuela’s economic downturn, not its deep recession and hyperinflation. This essay then delves into three sociopolitical causes of Venezuela’s poverty crisis: aggressive Chavismo statist policies that overextended the Venezuelan economy and made it vulnerable to international oil prices, a strong presence of illegal market sectors that disrupted market equilibrium, and Venezuela’s personal dictatorship under the Chávez-Maduro administration. Despite the preceding three sociopolitical factors contributing to Venezuela’s hyperinflation, the country’s economic outlook is positive owing to a vacancy in the global oil market as a result of the 2022 Ukrainian summer counteroffensive. This paper proposes that the key to successfully resolving the crisis is promoting private investment and tackling the resource curse, both of which require a robust democracy with an independent press and judiciary. Venezuela may seek international assistance to implement political reforms, abolish foreign exchange restrictions, and move toward economic liberalization.
India's Uneven Road to Economic Recovery
Authors: Zhang Haochen
Published: December 2022

Since the 1980s, India has pursued a strategic policy of going east, which was upgraded to going east in the 2014 Action policy. Through these strategies, India's economy and overall national strength have increased through the progress of time and changes in world conditions. And in this, there are also a lot of difficulties and obstacles. Since pioneering economic reforms in the 1990s, India has come a long way from being a poor former British colony to a giant among emerging economies. For now, Modi's government is firmly in power and the economy is still growing at a decent rate despite the impact of inflation. So, the Modi government is expected to seize the opportunity to make a big push for its vision. However, the challenges should not be ignored. The risks will arise as it changes the shape of India's economy and its industrial structure in many ways. With the change of policy, India's attitude and relations with other countries, especially those around India, have also changed significantly. At the same time, the differences between the traditional Indian regime and the current economic system can also cause problems when it comes to policy evaluation since Indian laws and policies have inherited the British system. These British Rules also make it difficult for India to implement the new policy. This paper studies the policy development background of India in the past 40 years, analyzes India's policies in different periods to judge and put forward opinions and then puts forward possible suggestions.
Catch-up economics and authoritarian politics: A case study from South Korea
Authors: Wang Xiyuan
Published: December 2022

Economic development is of great significance to all countries in the era of globalization. In the history of economic development of various countries, while some countries are still looking for the road of economic development, South Korea has made clear its goals and implemented quickly to make economic development. The economic theory of this is still of great reference to some countries today. In order to study the reasons for the rapid development of South Korea, based on the characteristics of South Korea's Catch-Up economy, combined with the Five-Year Plan and Authoritative Policies, summary and research. This article will use the method of case analysis and comparison, through case description, analysis, deficiencies, suggestions and conclusions to study and analyze the economic development of South Korea. The Korean model can be used for reference, but it needs to be implemented according to national conditions. Not every country is suitable for the Korean model.
The influence of Japanese industry towards Economy Miracle
Authors: Liu Yanxin , Liu Yintong
Published: December 2022

As the country that has lost World War 2 (WW2), Japan’s economy has become into a disaster for decades. However, currently, Japan is the world second largest economy country in the world. How did a defeated country recover from war so fast? In this article, our argument is that industry is the reason why Japan has created their economic miracle. To support our argument, we break down Japan’s development history into three periods, and by analysis these time periods and Japan’s political policy, we can support our hypothesis that Japan’s economic miracle was caused by their industrial power.
Market trading: LSTM-based forecasting and decision making
Authors: Dai Ziqi , Shen Tianle , Hou Yu , Luo Xin , Zhang Suping
Published: December 2022

Power In this paper, we address the decision problem of whether a trader should trade two assets, gold and bitcoin, daily under different circumstances, and use LSTM, neural network models, to obtain daily predicted price data for gold and bitcoin based on the knowledge of past market data. Accordingly, different planning strategies are applied to gold and bitcoin to obtain the total assets we can hold after five years. We provide evidence of the optimality of the strategy in several ways and specifically analyze the sensitivity of the strategy to transaction costs and the impact of transaction costs on the strategy and the results.
The impact of government grants on the level of corporate cash dividend payments Research
Authors: Jiang Manlin , Guo Tiankai , Liang Zhen
Published: December 2022

As a way to compensate for market failures, intervene in the market economy and support specific industries, government subsidies are important for improving the efficiency of fiscal expenditure, adjusting and optimising the economic structure and rationalising the distribution of national income. The level of cash dividend payment often reflects the operating conditions of enterprises, and the impact of government subsidies on the level of cash dividend payment of enterprises can reflect whether the allocation of government subsidies is reasonable. This project uses data from 4,610 non-financial listed enterprises in China A-shares from 2016 to 2020 to conduct an empirical study on the relationship between government subsidies and cash dividend payout levels, and to explore the impact of government subsidies separately by industry. The study found that: government subsidies have a general effect on the increase of cash dividend payment level of enterprises; the fundamental factor that government subsidies have different effects on the cash dividend payment level of different industries is the requirement of cash flow of enterprises; the new manufacturing industry, wholesale and retail industry, real estate industry and agriculture, forestry and fishery industry are significantly affected by government subsidies.
An Empirical Study on the Impact of Service Industry Agglomeration on High Quality Economic Development in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei
Authors: Ma Borui
Published: December 2022

This paper uses the panel data of 13 cities in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region from 2012 to 2020 and uses TOPSIS to construct the economic quality development index in four aspects: scientific innovation, economic quality, green ecology and life security, followed by the calculation of the service industry aggregation index of each city using the locational entropy method. Finally, the regression is fitted by panel Tobit model, and the results show that the spatial distribution pattern of service industry aggregation in the region shows Beijing and Tianjin as the core, but the degree of service industry aggregation in Beijing and Tianjin as the core of aggregation gradually decreases in the long term, while the degree of aggregation in other prefecture-level cities gradually increases. More importantly, the service industry agglomeration in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region has a significant positive contribution to high-quality economic development in the long run.
A study on credit strategy for small and medium-sized enterprises based on hierarchical analysis
Authors: Shao Chun
Published: December 2022

Micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) are enterprises with relatively small staff size and operation scale, which are important subjects for enhancing employment and scientific and technological innovation in China, as well as an important part of China's real economy, and play an irreplaceable role in promoting economic growth and social prosperity. This paper mainly provides research solutions to solve the credit decision problems of banks for MSMEs through quantitative analysis of credit risks of MSMEs, combined with the realistic basis for banks to pursue profit maximization and risk minimization. This paper selects some enterprise data as the research sample, pre-processes the original data, and then selects six indicators to quantify the risk: input invoice efficiency, output invoice efficiency, credit rating, total invoices, total price and tax, and average profit. Based on this, this paper uses AHP hierarchical analysis to calculate index weights of 0.0664, 0.115, 0.0755, 0.1067, 0.2899, and 0.3465, respectively, to weight the indicators of each enterprise to sum up the enterprise's reputation score. Then we derive the enterprise's compliance rate from the scores and build the optimal credit decision model accordingly. Finally, we use the greedy algorithm to solve for the final strategy.
A price prediction model for gold and Bitcoin based on Long Short-Term Memory
Authors: He Conghong , Zhong Tao , Wang Yan
Published: December 2022

We built a price prediction model for gold and Bitcoin based on LSTM. For the first 30 days, we adopted a wait-and-see strategy without any transactions. Starting from the 31st day, we first trained the model with the data of all past trading days. Then use the trading data of the past 30 days to forecast the market price for the next 6 days. Then, we established a trading strategy model based on linear programming and made this week's trading decisions based on the predicted value of the market price in the next 6 days. Finally, we plotted the yield curve based on asset value.
Quantification and contribution analysis of financial management risks based on AHP-XGBOOST algorithm
Authors: Xia Xiaoyu
Published: December 2022

The chemical industry is an important industry that supports the development of the national economy and is closely related to people's lives. With the impact of COVID-19, the continuous changes in the market economy, the deepening of economic globalization, and the increasing optimization of energy companies, the current chemical companies are experiencing volatile development. In order to effectively cope with the unstable external environment, resist market risks, and ensure the sustainable and healthy development of enterprises with high-quality capital management, chemical companies should pay attention to internal management and improve corporate financial management. In this paper, a new measurement method is proposed for financial management risk, and by combining the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBOOST), the index system of financial management risk coefficient is constructed first, and the risk factors that will have an impact on financial management in the macro environment are selected, and the index system of factors affecting financial management risk is constructed to analyze the degree of influence of nine elements in the macro environment on the financial management risk of chemical enterprises The results show that this paper quantifies and contributes to the analysis of macro factors affecting the financial management risks of enterprises, which helps enterprises to predict and measure their own financial management risks more accurately, helps them to respond to and prevent financial management risks effectively in a timely manner, enriches the response methods of enterprises to deal with the influence of macro factors on their own financial management, and better promotes enterprises to achieve their strategic goals. The quantitative analysis model constructed in this paper is widely applicable and has a specific guiding significance for enterprises to apply it in practice.
Research on the Use of Storytelling in Branding Chinese National Sports Brands
Authors: Ren Hanbing
Published: December 2022

In the context of story marketing becoming the mainstream marketing tool for sports brands, Chinese national sports brands also need to write their own brand stories to improve their competitiveness. Using literature research and case study, this paper analyzes the story marketing of Xstep’s 2020 618 shopping festival and finds the brand stories of Chinese national sports brands. Based on the analysis, Chinese national sports have problems such as lack of continuity, lack of Chinese characteristics, single content and communication channels, and no feedback mechanism. Corresponding solutions are also proposed, including writing a sequel to the story, adding Chinese elements to brand stories, adding special characters that reflect the brand image to enrich the story, making full use of social media, and establishing a consumer feedback mechanism. This paper presents conclusions of general significance based on the analysis of Xstep’s brand stories. It provides a new approach to analyzing and implementing storytelling elements for Chinese national sports brands.
Research on the Reasons for the Formation of Sports Players’ Brand Value
Authors: Wu Zhen
Published: December 2022

In this study, Federer was selected as the research object to explore the reasons for his high brand value through the research method of literature research and content analysis. A detailed discussion of Federer’s Competitive strength, Personal Image, Brokerage Team Operations, and fan loyalty was conducted. The results show that the above four aspects play an indispensable role in forming the brand value of sports players. Good competitive strength can make athletes stand out from the crowd of players and become the focus of attention. Coupled with the player’s superb personality (which includes cultural cultivation and sportsmanship), the number of fans will rise, and the quality will gradually become solid, thus forming a large number of hardcore fans. With many loyal fans, the fans will be more willing to pay for the brand products endorsed by the players, which is the origin of the players’ star effect. Thus, hope Federer’s success path is worthy of athletes (especially those in individual sports) and sports agencies to learn from during their careers.
Research on the Problems and Strategy Optimization of Erke’s Marketing Strategy based on the Chinese Market
Authors: Guo Hanlong
Published: December 2022

In the context of the continuous development of spiritual and cultural construction based on national economic and social development, China’s sports industry has developed well, and people’s consumption of sports products has increased significantly. Based on the analysis of the marketing strategy of Erke, a famous sports goods brand in China, this paper provides an effective and feasible product strategy for Erke’s brand marketing strategy: the cultural strategy of consolidating the brand and development towards internationalization. To help Erke strengthen its brand construction in China, build it into a world-famous sports brand, and improve the international competitiveness and enterprise value of sports goods enterprises. We will help enterprises maintain their domestic market share by adopting appropriate international strategies, upgrading their production methods, and transforming their business models. This paper puts forward clear suggestions for improving Erke’s marketing strategy to help Erke consolidate the domestic market and improve its competitiveness, which is of practical significance for the future development of Erke.
Influence of Postponement of the 19th Asian Games in Hangzhou and Countermeasures
Authors: Wu Tianming
Published: December 2022

The economic value produced by the sport has become an integral part of economic society. Hence, taking advantage of large-scale sporting events can rapidly improve the host city’s popularity, upgrade the construction of infrastructure, boost the development of city tourism, and increase the city’s international competitiveness. However, with the outbreak of COVID-19, the effects of holding sporting events to stimulate economic growth, drive relevant businesses, and promote the city’s image have faded. Both the government and investors require a reassessment of investment. In particular, the postponement of international mega-sporting events has had a substantial negative impact on participants and stakeholders already in the preparatory stage. By studying the construction and operation status of the 19th Asian Games Chun’an satellite village, the article produced the following outcomes: Actively introducing partners to lead regional operation can immediately fill the gap; By establishing an excellent cooperative relationship between investors and government, the enterprises can significantly reduce pressure; Improving product and service quality can efficiently enhance customers’ satisfaction and build the core competitiveness.
Research on the Fan Composition and Consumption Behaviour of CUBA and NCAA
Authors: Dai Qihang , Yu Houxi , Zhao Pu
Published: December 2022

Since China successfully hosted the CUBA China University Basketball League for the first time in 1998, China’s college basketball development has achieved breakthrough achievements. Among the major colleges and universities in all regions of the country, the CUBA league has brought Basketball, a sport full of competitive sports charm and passion, into the lives of more and more students. However, because the league has only a history of more than 20 years since its establishment, the level of basketball competition among universities in various regions in China is seriously uneven. The gap is large, and the CUBA league is still in its infancy and early development stages. The various competition systems of the league, Management approaches, and how talent is introduced and balanced still need to be improved. This paper deeply analyzes the problems existing in CUBA through specific typical case analysis methods, literature research methods, and other methods. The results show that CUBA lacks venue interiors, technology, and other hardware facilities. The league system is too chaotic and inconvenient to manage; the difference in strength between leagues at all levels and universities is too great, resulting in low fans watching the game and other issues that CUBA should learn from the NCAA. This paper also makes strategic analyses and suggestions for the CUBA league, such as adjusting the competition system, delegating power to the government, increasing the infrastructure construction of venues, and balancing the average strength of players in various colleges and universities.
Research of NBA All Stars Games
Authors: Liu Tanglin
Published: December 2022

The success of NBA All Star Games will be analyse by various factors, including the dazzling stars basis, income management, global development strategy and innovative performance thinking. Also analyses the NBA All Star Games’s cultural connotations, including that NBA All Star Games is the historical drive of the development of NBA and points out that the NBA All Star Games is the embodiment of American Hollywood entertainment spirit, the American commercial culture and the American multi -culture and humanistic care of teenagers and the disabled.
Causes of the decrease in viewership rate of the NBA All-star game
Authors: Han Li Henry Yuan
Published: December 2022

The intensity of the NBA All-star game often determines the viewership rate, which also affects the revenue, demonstrating how many audiences are willing to spend time watching the exhibition. However, recent reflections from players and head coaches and data collected by media indicate that the competitiveness of the showcase is declining, resulting in criticisms and a reduction in the viewership rate. Numerous reasons and phenomena contribute to its downfall. Modifications to the processes and management of the NBA All-star are required in order to restore previous success and raise revenue.
The research of formula one Asian market analysis
Authors: Wang Junqi
Published: December 2022

F1 has always been a global sport and has not missed a single race since 1950. This sport has great attraction and strong commercial value. Many countries have gained great popularity through holding F1, and their international status will be improved to a certain extent. In the 1990s, F1 decided to go global, not just in Europe. The rapid development of Asian economy has won the favor of FIA. Today, F1 has held grand prix in more than ten Asian countries. However, the development of the Asian market does not seem to meet expectations. Several Asian countries have terminated their contracts for various reasons. At present, North America has become a new potential market. Based on data, this paper investigates the development environment of the Asian market and compares it with the place where the Grand Prix is held, and finally analyzes the reasons for the failure of the Asian market. The main reason lies in the lack of brand influence and localization. Finally, it puts forward feasible solutions. Research contribution: the research results of this paper provide a theoretical basis for the practice of formula one.
Research on Problems and Optimization Strategies in Reebok’s Development Model
Authors: Yin Jiahui
Published: December 2022

How a company operates in a business organization is very important as this effectively helps to manage and control consumer goods and services. Reebok is a fitness brand from the United States committed to becoming a first-class fitness brand in the mind of fitness enthusiasts. Reebok, the 121-year-old sports brand, started as a fitness brand and developed its Freestyle shoes for women in the 1970s. In order to stand out in the same businesses, based on the example case study on Reebok, problems and optimization strategies in the development model will be outlined, and come up with some solutions. In conclusion, the decline of Reebok and its failure to recapture its former glory was mainly due to the company failing to keep up with changing tastes and missteps by management. Losing its market shares, the company eventually ended up leading to market failure. Therefore, this paper aims to tell how important it is to manage and plan the business well, for example, what market they want to focus on and keep up with meeting the customer demands.
Social Media Marketing of “Sports Fan Economy”
Authors: Xu Yiqi
Published: December 2022

In the era with overall access to the Internet, the social media has provided sound conditions for marketing and development of sports fan economy. This paper summarizes the concept of sports fan economy, discusses the features of sports fan-related social media and demonstrates main marketing models and strategies of the sports fan economy. The paper also proposes a few possible marketing strategies based on sports fans’ consumption behaviors.
Decriminalizing Sex Work to Combat Exploitation in the Sex Trade
Authors: Fuentes Kimberly
Published: December 2022

Sex work is a criminalized field that has largely been legislated from a place of moral panic that has contributed to a conflation with sex trafficking. This fundamental misunderstanding of the work has constituted the rationale for criminalization of the sex trade thus far and perpetrated violence and victimization in the sex trade. Research on criminalization and alternative regulatory frameworks (end-demand and legalization) show that carceral approaches only further exploitative labor practices without addressing the structural issues that create vulnerabilities for this community. In this commentary, I argue for the adoption of a decriminalization framework that approaches sex work as labor to address the reproduction of inequalities, disruption of health and safety practices, and limited access to justice that criminalization currently consequates. While decriminalization would not address all the issues that marginalized sex workers face, the removal of punitive policies opens pathways for formal worker protections that honors the self-determination of sex workers.
The Impact of Human Trafficking on Veterans: Increasing Awareness among Veterans and Employees through Education
Authors: Papke Katie , Ashcraft Amy , Auger Jennifer , Carmona Caravelli Anita , Liu Shawn , Riley Emma , Paulsen Jodi , Chamberlain Jessica
Published: December 2022

Background Health care systems serve an essential role in identifying and treating individuals impacted by human trafficking. The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Veterans Health Administration recognizes that human trafficking is a public safety concern and has intentionally increased awareness of human trafficking and how it relates to Veteran care. In 2020, the VA National Social Work Program Office, Care Management and Social Work launched a national Human Trafficking Tiger Team to understand the impact of human trafficking within the Veteran community.  Methods Initial Human Trafficking Tiger Team efforts focused on qualitative reviews of existing VA health care services data to identify trends and themes. A series of three trainings for VA staff including Social Workers, Licensed Marriage and Family Therapists (LMFT), Licensed Professional Counselors (LPC), Psychologists (PsyD/PhD), Registered Nurses (RN), and Certified Rehabilitation Counselors (CRC) were completed. A pre and post-test was administered to assess VA staff’s knowledge about human trafficking and the impact on the Veteran community. Results Upon examination of qualitative review of evidence, formal study is needed to develop programming to address human trafficking in the Veteran community. Discussion Further study is needed to understand the prevalence of human trafficking among the Veteran population. While the VA’s human trafficking initiatives are integral initial steps, additional research remains necessary to identify treatment needs and services gaps. Conclusion Human Trafficking Tiger Team Knowledge Needs Assessment trainings revealed that VA staff had contact with survivors of human trafficking, suspected victims, as well as traffickers. 38% of staff acknowledged missed opportunities to assess and intervene with potential trafficking victims. This revealed a clear need for standardized screening, protocols, and implementing routine training to Veterans impacted by human trafficking.
Establishment of Human Trafficking Reporting Protocols, Mandatory Specialized Training, and the Development of a Human Trafficking Liaison Officer (HTLO) for Alameda County Fire Department (ACFD)
Authors: Thomas Greer Benjamin , Marques Heather
Published: December 2022

The American Fire Service occupies real estate at a critical juncture of public health, public security, and public trust. All available data indicates California has a significant human trafficking problem; while human trafficking poses as a dynamic transient crime, often serving as an intersectional criminal tactic, California’s law enforcement and emergency response systems and resources are not being leveraged to match the threat. The Alameda County Fire Department’s role as community based first responders provides them unique access to environments which would be otherwise inaccessible to law enforcement. Fire/EMS personnel enjoy a level of trust law enforcement does not and have not been fully integrated into California’s anti-trafficking response. If not properly trained to identify human trafficking related suspicious behavior, victims or perpetrators may go unidentified.
A Call for Regulatory Clarity: “Switch” and “Quit Smoking” Marketing among Online Disposable E-Cigarette Sellers
Authors: R. Miranda Alexis , G. Patterson Joanne , LaPolt Devin , P. Rumano Ruva , M. Reynoso Alexa , L. Berman Micah , L. Keller-Hamilton Brittney , E. Roberts Megan , K. Ferketich Amy , J. Zettler Patricia
Published: December 2022

FDA generally regulates products containing nicotine under its tobacco authorities, unless those products are intended for smoking cessation—in which case, they are regulated as drugs that must be FDA-approved as safe and effective. Accordingly, for e-cigarettes, questions arise about where the line is between a tobacco product intended merely for recreational use and a drug product intended for smoking cessation. Against this background, this Research Letter describes a content analysis of certain claims made by 28 online e-cigarette retailers and argues that our findings suggest a need for additional regulatory clarity about when e-cigarettes are appropriately regulated as smoking cessation drug-delivery devices rather than tobacco products.
Reseña histórica del Derecho Laboral en la República de Panamá
Authors: Vásquez Reyes Carlos Alberto
Published: December 2022

En conmemoración de los 50 años de la entrada en vigencia del Código de Trabajo en Panamá, consideramos oportuno resaltar la importante y variada historia de nuestro país, que originó la creación de una norma considerada por algunos juristas, como la más garantista de América Latina.

Esta lucha se inspiró en las grandes obras que se han desarrollado en la República, así como en la diversidad de etnias que inundaron nuestro territorio con las industrias ferroviarias, bananeras y de construcción, que permitieron erradicar la desigualdad que siempre benefició al empleador.  

En el año 1972, para sorpresa del mundo, se implementó una norma moderna y protectora de los Derechos de los Trabajadores, que finalmente suprimió esta preferencia y equilibró a las clases obreras con sus empleadores, siendo nuestro deber hacer honor a esta lucha y resaltar los aspectos históricos más relevantes que caracteriza a nuestra Legislación Laboral.
La libertad sindical en el Código de Trabajo de 1972
Authors: Cedalise Riquelme Cecilio
Published: December 2022

Con un enfoque analítico en el presente ensayo se plantean varias consideraciones sobre la libertad sindical regulada en el Código de Trabajo (1972), resaltando sus contenidos esenciales, así como las distorsiones y lesiones que se han venido evidenciando en la realidad nacional.  Se trata de una conquista acérrimamente defendida por el movimiento obrero, y acerbamente combatida y cuestionada por los empleadores, pese al compromiso de impulsarla y promoverla en los regímenes democráticos debido a las contribuciones y logros alcanzados históricamente, convirtiéndola en una controvertida armadura colectiva vista como un necesario derecho pluridimensional.
Pasado, presente y futuro del Código de Trabajo de 1972
Authors: Jované Burgos Jaime Javier
Published: December 2022

A través de la presente monografía se efectuará un breve análisis de la evolución normativa que ha existido en la República de Panamá, en relación a las disposiciones legales que han regulado las relaciones laborales desde el momento en que nos transformamos en una Nación independiente y soberana.   De igual manera, se destacará el aporte que tuvo nuestro primer Código de Trabajo (1947), pasando a exaltar la trascendencia y los beneficios que ha tenido nuestro actual Código de Trabajo (1972), hasta culminar con la proposición de algunos temas que podrían ser objeto de modificación o actualización para adecuar dicha codificación a las realidades que hoy día imperan en el ámbito del Derecho del Trabajo.
Reseña del Recurso de Casación Laboral en la República de Panamá
Authors: Solís Higuera Luis Gabriel
Published: December 2022

El Recurso de Casación Laboral se introdujo en la Legislación Panameña, mediante el Código de Trabajo (1972) como una herramienta eficaz para anular las resoluciones emitidas por el Tribunal Superior de Trabajo, que pudiesen causar perjuicios irreparables y, a la vez, velar por la estricta observancia de las normas inherentes al Derecho de Trabajo.

Las características de este recurso son diferentes a la Jurisdicción Civil y Penal, pues carece de formalismos y los errores en su forma no impiden su tramitación.  Por ello exploramos en este artículo, aquellos aspectos más relevantes del Recurso de Casación Laboral.
El Acceso a la Justicia Restaurativa a través del Proceso Laboral
Authors: Conte Martínez Delia Rosa
Published: December 2022

La Justicia Restaurativa tiende a que el Proceso no culmine con la imposición de una sanción, en cambio, persigue la reparación del daño. Generalmente, al hablar de este concepto, las personas se enfocan en el Derecho Penal, sin embargo, la legislación panameña en materia laboral, ha sido innovadora al ofrecerle a la clase trabajadora, herramientas que aseguren la protección de sus Derechos y, sobre todo, la reparación e indemnización que le asiste al trabajador producto de la relación laboral, sin importar cuál sea la causa de su terminación.  En este estudio, abordaremos las formas en que el Proceso Laboral se convierte en una herramienta de la Justicia Restaurativa para reestablecer la paz y fomentar la armonía en las relaciones de trabajo.
El rol del mediador en la pacificación de los conflictos penales en Panamá
Authors: González González Erick Javier
Published: December 2022

En este artículo se desarrollan los aspectos más relevantes del rol del mediador en la gestión de conflictos penales, ya que el mediador es un profesional cuyo desempeño procura que víctima como victimario, puedan negociar de manera colaborativa un acuerdo que sea satisfactorio para ambos, lo que trae como consecuencia la construcción de una cultura de paz.  A su vez, se debe indicar que el conflicto es percibido por muchas personas con un enfoque negativo y cuando esa desavenencia entre dos o más personas se judicializa porque se configura en un delito, se agrava el panorama. Sin embargo, cuando se deriva la causa penal a mediación entra en acción el mediador para transformar esa situación en un ambiente más positivo, cordial y pacífico. Por ende, el mediador debe contar con las competencias necesarias para gestionar un conflicto penal. En fin, se llegó a la conclusión, entre otras ideas, que el éxito de la mediación penal depende en gran medida del rol del mediador en la gestión efectiva del conflicto, por lo que también hay que considerar los números positivos en cuanto a los datos estadísticos del Órgano Judicial que para el primer semestre del año 2021 destaca en primer lugar las sesiones del sistema penal acusatorio respecto a las otras jurisdicciones.
Explotación Sexual en perjuicio de Niñas, Niños y Adolescentes, con el uso de las Tecnologías de la Información y la comunicación
Authors: Barragán Quirós Carlos Manuel Pedro Pablo
Published: December 2022

Consideramos necesario mostrar, en esta ocasión, la terminología que debemos utilizar al referirnos a Delitos Contra la Libertad e Integridad Sexual, específicamente tipos penales como el de Corrupción de Personas Menores de Edad, Explotación Sexual Comercial y otras Conductas, y el mal uso del término pornografía infantil; toda vez que, sin lugar a dudas, las niñas, niños o adolescentes no hacen pornografía.

Se avistará que estos actos en perjuicio de las personas menores de edad deben identificarse como abuso o explotación sexual, y no como pornografía infantil.  Para ello veremos los tipos penales básicos establecidos en el Código Penal (2007), la doctrina extranjera, y la Convención sobre los Derechos del Niño (1989).

Presentamos las nuevas modalidades donde determinados sujetos, con el uso de las herramientas tecnológicas ejecutan actos dirigidos a explotar sexualmente a este grupo vulnerable.  En ese mismo sentido, se podrá deducir la falencia existente en los tipos penales actuales para encuadrar de manera inequívoca alguna de esas conductas, es decir, podrá concluirse que es necesaria una nueva codificación y actualización de la ley penal, haciendo referencia a los nuevos comportamientos o hechos que han surgido con el mal uso de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación.
Labor del perito en los procesos de participación en las ganancias
Authors: Delgado Pérez José Agustín
Published: December 2022

Cuando una pareja contrae matrimonio, deben establecer la clase de Régimen Económico Matrimonial que les conviene, situación que en la mayoría de los casos no lo hacen, donde la legislación panameña, establece como alternativa el Régimen de Participación en las Ganancias.

Al ocasionarse alguna desconfianza en cuanto al manejo de los bienes dentro del matrimonio, ya sea por separación o divorcio, la pareja se ve abocada a demandar la disolución y liquidación del Régimen Económico Matrimonial, donde deben intervenir, a parte del Juez, personas idóneas denominadas peritos, cuya función es determinar y cuantificar las ganancias, como resultados de los bienes obtenidos dentro del matrimonio.