bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel Honeycomb Infill Fabrication Pattern for Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Ahsan AMM Nazmul , Ihrke Triston , Khoda Bashir
Published: November 2019

In additive manufacturing (AM), porous structures are often used as infills to reduce the build time and cost. However, providing physical stability to the skin and mechanical integrity to the object is a functional requirement for any infill pattern. Prismatic closed cells, i.e. honeycomb structure, are often used as infill in AM parts. These cells are periodic in nature and uniform in density. In this research, a new fabrication pattern for honeycomb infill is proposed for additive manufacturing applications. The proposed pattern can accommodate controllable variational honeycomb infill while maintaining continuity with relative ease. First, the honeycomb unit cell geometry is defined for uniform and non-uniform voxel size. A continuous tool-path is then designed to achieve the honeycomb structure. Finally, the structures are fabricated with the variational and uniform pattern and are then compared to the traditional pattern using compression testing. The results show that the proposed designs perform better under compression load and can absorb more energy compared to the traditional counterpart.
Effect of Process Parameters on Cellulose Fiber Alignment in Bio-Printing
Authors: Habib Md. Ahasan , Khoda Bashir
Published: November 2019

Three dimensional (3D) bio-printing or direct writing technique has become a popular tool in tissue engineering applications that uses a computer-controlled process to deposit bio-ink for reproducing 3D tissue. Among multiple bio-printing modal, extrusion-based printing is capable of depositing diverse range of hydrogel materials and their compositions as bio-ink. Both acellular bio-ink and cell-laden bio-ink can be extruded by controlling the writing parameters to achieve high (>80%) cell survivability and density along with spatial precision and accuracy in 3D space. To increase cell viability and improve mechanical properties, nano-materials are often added in the bio-ink. However, the interplay between 3D bio-printing process parameters, solid fiber content and deposited fiber orientation has not been investigated yet. A novel cellulose based nano-fiber filled bio-ink (i.e. TEMPO nano fibrillated cellulose fiber) is developed and used in this research. The distribution of fiber is explored with respect to the 3D bio-printing process parameters such as nozzle diameter, applied pressure, fiber content and, alginate content. We found, fiber alignments has a very strong correlation with the deposition direction and about 70% fiber falls within 20 degree of the deposition direction.
A Review of Assisted / Augmented Manufacturing Processes
Authors: Nguyen Christy , Laminen Marshall , Ulutan Durul
Published: November 2019

Manufacturing has a history almost as long as the humankind, but as materials get more and more complex due to material science technology, manufacturing them becomes increasingly difficult. Using processes in combination has been a common practice. Similarly, using a simple process to aid a more complex process has often been employed. However, more advanced technologies have been developed to manufacture difficult-to-manufacture materials, as well as advanced auxiliary techniques to aid the main manufacturing process. In most of these processes, the aim is to improve the manufacturability of the part. Initial considerations to improve manufacturability were focused on being able to produce the part in ways aligning with the design. For example, in hot forging, it was not possible to achieve the right product without the aid of the secondary process (heating). As the manufacturing field evolved, needs of the industry changed to improving part quality and lowering manufacturing costs. Modern methods of assisting main manufacturing processes focus on ensuring (1) an extended use of the tool quantified by lower tool wear and higher tool life, (2) improved machine capabilities quantified by lower maintenance times and higher automation, (3) improved final product quality quantified by dimensional accuracy and surface, subsurface, and bulk material quality, and (4) increased sustainability of the process quantified by lower resource use such as machine power and lubrication. In this study, an overview of the use of assistance in manufacturing processes is provided. The review is focused on more modern techniques such as laser, electrical, magnetic field, and ultrasonic assistance, more modern materials that are difficult-to-manufacture such as hardened steels and titanium and nickel-based alloys, and on machining processes that are more imminent for the critical industries such as automotive, aerospace, energy production, and biomedical industries.
Bladder endometriosis complicated with cystitis glandularis mimicking recurrence of uterine cervical cancer: the unique value of transvaginal ultrasound
Authors: Liu Ruifeng , Xia Yu
Published: November 2019

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Is there a place for A-scan mode in modern eye ultrasonography?
Authors: Samoila Ovidiu
Published: November 2019

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Lung ultrasound in the diagnosis of radio-occult pneumonia in the returned traveller: a case of measles pneumonia
Authors: Barrigoto Cleide Luís das Neves Rato , Chen Yale Tung , Suarez-Garcia Patricia , Villén Villegas Tomas , De la Calle-Prieto Fernando
Published: November 2019

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Ultrasound use to diagnose septal panniculitis
Authors: Jfri Abdulhadi , Marotrell Antonio
Published: November 2019

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‘Tattoo-free‘ Physiatry Irrevocable With Ultrasonography
Authors: Özçakar Levent , Abdulsalam Ahmad Jasem , Ricci Vincenzo
Published: November 2019

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Reasons for discordances between ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of the ankle, hindfoot and heel of the patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Șerban Oana , Fodor Daniela , Papp Iulia , Micu Mihaela Cosmina , Duma Dan Gabriel , Csutak Csaba , Lenghel Manuela , Bădărînză Maria , Albu Adriana
Published: November 2019

Aim: To compare the ultrasonography (US) performance with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in identifying pathology in ankles, hindfeet and heels of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and to evaluate the reasons for discordances between the two imaging methods.Material and methods: RA patients were enrolled and evaluated using the Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) and the Disease Activity Score 28 with C-reactive Protein (DAS28-CRP). The ankle (tibiotalar joint, tendons), hindfoot (talonavicular, subtalar joints) and heel of the most symptomatic or dominant foot (for the asymptomatic patient)were evaluated by two pairs of examiners using US and contrast-enhanced MRI.Results: Totally, 105 joints, 245 tendons and 35 heels in 35 patients [mean age 59.2±11.25 years old, median disease duration 36 (16.5-114), mean CDAI 19.87±12.7] were evaluated. The interobserver agreements between the two sonographers, and the two radiologists were good and very good (k=0.624-0.940). The overall agreement between US and MRI was very good for subcalcaneal panniculitis (k=0.928, p<0.001), moderate for synovitis (k=0.463, p<0.001) and tenosynovitis (k=0.514, p<0.001), fair for osteophytes (k=0.260, p=0.004), and poor for erosions (k=0.063, p=0.308) and heel’s structures. MRI found more erosions, synovitis, osteophytes,tenosynovitis and retrocalcaneal bursitis, but US found more enthesophytes and plantar fasciitis. Many of the discordancesbetween the two imaging techniques have explanations related to the technique itself or definition of the pathologic findings.Conclusions: US is comparable to MRI for the evaluation of ankle, hindfoot and heel in RA patients and discordances in theinterpretation of the pathological findings/normal structures must be carefully analyzed.
Multiparametric ultrasound (MPUS) or “the many faces” of ultrasonography
Authors: Popescu Alina
Published: November 2019

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Pinna-related transfer functions and lossless wave equation using finite-difference methods: Verification and asymptotic solution
Authors: PrepeliȚă Sebastian T. , Gómez Bolaños Javier , Geronazzo Michele , Mehra Ravish , Savioja Lauri
Published: November 2019

A common approach when employing discrete mathematical models is to assess the reliability and credibility of the computation of interest through a process known as solution verification. Present-day computed head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) seem to lack robust and reliable assessments of the numerical errors embedded in the results which makes validation of wave-based models difficult. This process requires a good understanding of the involved sources of error which are systematically reviewed here. The current work aims to quantify the pinna-related high-frequency computational errors in the context of HRTFs and wave-based simulations with finite-difference models. As a prerequisite for solution verification, code verification assesses the reliability of the proposed implementation. In this paper, known and manufactured formal solutions are used and tailored for the wave equation and frequency-independent boundary conditions inside a rectangular room of uniform acoustic wall-impedance. Asymptotic estimates for pinna acoustics are predicted in the frequency domain based on regression models and a convergence study on sub-millimeter grids. Results show an increasing uncertainty with frequency and a significant frequency-dependent change among computations on different grids.
Risk of noise-induced hearing loss due to recreational sound: Review and recommendations
Authors: Neitzel Richard L. , Fligor Brian J.
Published: November 2019

This review was conducted to address three questions related to recreational sound exposure: (1) what criteria are used to determine noise exposure limits, (2) are there differences in the risk of hearing loss from occupational noise versus recreational sound, and (3) what is an appropriate exposure limit for recreational sound? For the first question, most standards specify an 8-h occupational noise exposure limit (LEX) of 85 dBA. This limit assumes that some workers exposed at the limit will develop hearing loss. To eliminate the risk of hearing loss, a 24-h equivalent continuous level (LEQ24h) limit of 70 dBA is appropriate. For the second question, there is some evidence that the effects of occupational noise on hearing may be worse than energetically equivalent recreational sound. Limits developed for noise are nevertheless applicable to recreational sound, and use of existing statistical models to predict hearing loss from recreational sound is appropriate, with the caveat that these models are limited to durations ≤40 years. For the third question, a recreational sound limit of 80 dBA LEX, equivalent to a 75 dBA LEQ24h, will virtually eliminate the risk of recreationally induced hearing loss in adults. Lower limits may be warranted for vulnerable or susceptible individuals.
Limitations of present models of blast-induced sound power conduction through the external and middle ear
Authors: Rosowski John J. , Remenschneider Aaron K. , Tao Cheng Jeffrey
Published: November 2019

The use of models to predict the effect of blast-like impulses on hearing function is an ongoing topic of investigation relevant to hearing protection and hearing-loss prevention in the modern military. The first steps in the hearing process are the collection of sound power from the environment and its conduction through the external and middle ear into the inner ear. Present efforts to quantify the conduction of high-intensity sound power through the auditory periphery depend heavily on modeling. This paper reviews and elaborates on several existing models of the conduction of high-level sound from the environment into the inner ear and discusses the shortcomings of these models. A case is made that any attempt to more accurately define the workings of the middle ear during high-level sound stimulation needs to be based on additional data, some of which has been recently gathered.
Early hearing slope as a predictor of subsequent hearing trajectory in a noise-exposed occupational cohort
Authors: Cantley Linda F. , Galusha Deron , Slade Martin D.
Published: November 2019

Variations in individual susceptibility to noise-induced hearing loss have been observed among workers exposed to similar ambient noise levels but the reasons for this observation are poorly understood. Many workers are exposed to hazardous levels of occupational noise throughout their entire careers. Therefore, a mechanism to identify workers at risk for accelerated hearing loss early in their career may offer a time-sensitive window for targeted intervention. Using available longitudinal data for an occupationally noise-exposed cohort of manufacturing workers, this study aims to examine whether change in an individual's high frequency hearing level during the initial years of occupational noise exposure can predict subsequent high frequency hearing loss. General linear mixed modeling was used to model later hearing slope in the worse ear for the combined frequencies of 3, 4, and 6 kHz as a function of early hearing slope in the worse ear, age at baseline, sex, race/ethnicity, mean ambient workplace noise exposure, and self-reported non-occupational noise exposure. Those with accelerated early hearing loss were more likely to experience a greater rate of subsequent hearing loss, thus offering a potentially important opportunity for meaningful intervention among those at greatest risk of future hearing loss.
Inflammation associated with noise-induced hearing loss
Authors: Frye Mitchell D. , Ryan Allen F. , Kurabi Arwa
Published: November 2019

Inflammation is a complex biological response to harmful stimuli including infection, tissue damage, and toxins. Thus, it is not surprising that cochlear damage by noise includes an inflammatory component. One mechanism by which inflammation is generated by tissue damage is the activation of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Many of the cellular receptors for DAMPS, including Toll-like receptors, NOD-like receptors, and DNA receptors, are also receptors for pathogens, and function in the innate immune system. DAMP receptors are known to be expressed by cochlear cells, and binding of molecules released by damaged cells to these receptors result in the activation of cell stress pathways. This leads to the generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines that recruit pro-inflammatory leukocytes. Extensive evidence indicates pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNF alpha and interleukin 1 beta, and chemokines including CCL2, are induced in the cochlea after noise exposure. The recruitment of macrophages into the cochlea has also been demonstrated. These provide substrates for noise damage to be enhanced by inflammation. Evidence is provided by the effectiveness of anti-inflammatory drugs in ameliorating noise-induced hearing loss. Involvement of inflammation provides a wide variety of additional anti-inflammatory and pro-resolution agents as potential pharmacological interventions in noise-induced hearing loss.
Generalizability of clinically measured acoustic reflexes to brief sounds
Authors: Deiters Kristy K. , Flamme Gregory A. , Tasko Stephen M. , Murphy William J. , Greene Nathaniel T. , Jones Heath G. , Ahroon William A.
Published: November 2019

Middle ear muscle contractions (MEMC) can be elicited in response to high-level sounds, and have been used clinically as acoustic reflexes (ARs) during evaluations of auditory system integrity. The results of clinical AR evaluations do not necessarily generalize to different signal types or durations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the likelihood of observing MEMC in response to brief sound stimuli (tones, recorded gunshots, noise) in adult participants (N = 190) exhibiting clinical ARs and excellent hearing sensitivity. Results revealed that the presence of clinical ARs was not a sufficient indication that listeners will also exhibit MEMC for brief sounds. Detection rates varied across stimulus types between approximately 20% and 80%. Probabilities of observing MEMC also differed by clinical AR magnitude and latency, and declined over the period of minutes during the course of the MEMC measurement series. These results provide no support for the inclusion of MEMC as a protective factor in damage-risk criteria for impulsive noises, and the limited predictability of whether a given individual will exhibit MEMC in response to a brief sound indicates a need to measure and control for MEMC in studies evaluating pharmaceutical interventions for hearing loss.
Different Effects of Foam Rolling on Passive Tissue Stiffness in Experienced and Nonexperienced Athletes
Authors: Mayer Isabel , Hoppe Matthias W. , Freiwald Jürgen , Heiss Rafael , Engelhardt Martin , Grim Casper , Lutter Christoph , Huettel Moritz , Forst Raimund , Hotfiel Thilo
Published: November 2019

Context: Foam rolling (FR) has been developed into a popular intervention and has been established in various sports disciplines. However, its effects on target tissue, including changes in stiffness properties, are still poorly understood. Objective: To investigate muscle-specific and connective tissue-specific responses after FR in recreational athletes with different FR experience. Design: Case series. Setting: Laboratory environment. Participants: The study was conducted with 40 participants, consisting of 20 experienced (EA) and 20 nonexperienced athletes (NEA). Intervention: The FR intervention included 5 trials per 45 seconds of FR of the lateral thigh in the sagittal plane with 20 seconds of rest between each trial. Main Outcome Measures: Acoustic radiation force impulse elastosonography values, represented as shear wave velocity, were obtained under resting conditions (t0) and several times after FR exercise (0 min [t1], 30 min [t2], 6 h [t3], and 24 h [t4]). Data were assessed in superficial and deep muscle (vastus lateralis muscle; vastus intermedius muscle) and in connective tissue (iliotibial band). Results: In EA, tissue stiffness of the iliotibial band revealed a significant decrease of 13.2% at t1 (P ≤ .01) and 12.1% at t3 (P = .02). In NEA, a 6.2% increase of stiffness was found at t1, which was not significantly different to baseline (P = .16). For both groups, no significant iliotibial band stiffness changes were found at further time points. Also, regarding muscle stiffness, no significant changes were detected at any time for EA and NEA (P > .05). Conclusions: This study demonstrates a significant short-term decrease of connective tissue stiffness in EA, which may have an impact on the biomechanical output of the connective tissue. Thus, FR effects on tissue stiffness depend on the athletes’ experience in FR, and existing studies have to be interpreted cautiously in the context of the enrolled participants.
Current Perspectives of the Australian Knee Society on Rehabilitation and Return to Sport After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Ebert Jay R. , Webster Kate E. , Edwards Peter K. , Joss Brendan K. , D’Alessandro Peter , Janes Greg , Annear Peter
Published: November 2019

Context: The importance of rehabilitation and evaluation prior to return to sport (RTS) in patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction has been reported. Objective: This study sought to investigate current perspectives of Australian orthopedic surgeons on rehabilitation and RTS evaluation. Design: Survey. Participants: Members of the Australian Knee Society. Main Outcome Measures: A 14-question survey was disseminated to Australian Knee Society members (orthopedic surgeons) to investigate (1) preferred graft choice, (2) estimated retear rate, (3) importance of preoperative and postoperative rehabilitation, and (4) preferred timing of RTS and evaluation prior to RTS discharge. Results: Of all 85 Australian Knee Society members contacted, 86% (n = 73) responded. Overall, 66 respondents (90.4%) preferentially used hamstring tendon autografts. All surgeons estimated their retear rate to be ≤15%, with 31 (42.5%) <5%. Twenty-eight surgeons (38.4%) reported no benefit in preoperative rehabilitation. The majority of surgeons (82.2%–94.5%) reported that postoperative rehabilitation was important within various periods throughout the postoperative timeline. Most surgeons did not permit RTS until ≥9 months (n = 56, 76.7%), with 17 (23.3%) allowing RTS between 6 and 9 months. The most highly reported considerations for RTS clearance were time (90.4%), functional capacity (90.4%), and strength (78.1%). Most commonly, knee strength and/or function was assessed via referral to a preferred rehabilitation specialist (50.7%) or with the surgeon at their practice (11.0%). Conclusions: This survey revealed variation in beliefs and practices surrounding rehabilitation and RTS evaluation. This is despite the current evidence demonstrating the benefit of preoperative and postoperative rehabilitation, as well as the emerging potential of RTS assessments consisting of strength and functional measures to reduce reinjury rates.
Recess Enjoyment, Affect, and Preferences by Gender and Developmental Level in Elementary School
Authors: Lodewyk Ken , McNamara Lauren
Published: November 2019

Purpose: This study assessed students’ levels and associations between recess enjoyment, positive affect, environmental factors, and activity preferences overall and as a function of gender and developmental level.Methods: An online survey was used to gather data from 464 students in Grades 4–8 from nine elementary schools in southwestern Ontario, Canada.Results: When the variance explained by gender and developmental level was controlled for in this study, both recess environment and activity preferences accounted for a significant portion of the variability related to affect and enjoyment of recess. Having equipment and space and preference for moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, organizing and playing games, and free time predicted both affect and enjoyment.Conclusion: These and other findings enable educators to progress in understanding how they might adjust approaches to recess to facilitate more enjoyment and positive affect in elementary school students especially by gender and developmental level.
Inhibiting Fungal Echinocandin Resistance by Small-Molecule Disruption of Geranylgeranyltransferase Type I Activity
Authors: Sun Qiangqiang , Xiong Kang , Yuan Yuncong , Yu Jing , Yang Lianjuan , Shen Chao , Su Chang , Lu Yang
Published: November 2019

Echinocandin resistance in
Candida
is a great concern, as the echinocandin drugs are recommended as first-line therapy for patients with invasive candidiasis. However, therapeutic efforts to thwart echinocandin resistance have been hampered by a lack of fungal specific drug targets.
Preventing strokes in people with atrial fibrillation by improving ABC
Authors: Chahal Jagjot Kaur , Antoniou Sotiris , Earley Mark , Ali Shabana , Saja Khalid , Singh Harjit , MacCallum Peter K , Robson John
Published: November 2019

Nationally, anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation (AF) is improving but remains characterised by marked provider variation. Uncontrolled blood pressure and coronary artery disease further increase cardiovascular risk. Redbridge Clinical Commissioning Group (CCG) and local National Health Service (NHS) hospital trusts supported a programme to improve anticoagulation, blood pressure and cholesterol management; the ABC of AF improvement.

The programme was delivered by a clinical pharmacist in 43 general practices, who used Active Patient Link (APL-AF) software to identify and electronically review the records of AF patients potentially suitable for anticoagulation. These patients were invited for a general practitioner (GP)-pharmacist consultation with initiation of anticoagulation where appropriate. Blood pressure and lipid treatment were also optimised.

The university-based Clinical Effectiveness Group (CEG) provided software support using standard data entry templates from which the APL-AF software was enabled. This identified suitable patients (eg, on aspirin monotherapy, no treatment or inappropriate dual treatments) for clinical and treatment review. It also reported real-time overall practice performance. Additionally, GP education on direct oral anticoagulant initiation in general practices, use of software and performance reviews, took place for all practices in Redbridge.

A weekly multidisciplinary team (MDT) video conference discussed complex patients with a cardiologist, haematologist, GP with specialist interest in cardiology, GP coordinator and clinical pharmacist. This enabled sharing of patient records between GPs and hospital specialists with improved communication and learning.

Over 1 year 2016–2017, anticoagulation in eligible AF patients (CHA2DS2-VASc≥2) increased significantly by 6.3% from 77.0% to 83.3% (p<0.0001), in comparison to 2.8% average improvement in England. Exception reporting was also significantly reduced from 10.0% to 5.8%; a reduction of 4.2% in comparison to a reduction in England of 1.5%. Use of antiplatelet monotherapy was approximately halved, from 12.3% to 6.4%.

These methods are being scaled locally in other London CCGs and are potentially scalable nationally, specifically targeting the poorer performing CCGs.
Assessing the trade-offs between timber supply and wildlife protection goals in boreal landscapes
Authors: Yemshanov Denys , Haight Robert G. , Liu Ning , Parisien Marc-André , Barber Quinn , Koch Frank H. , Burton Cole , Mansuy Nicolas , Campioni Fabio , Choudhury Salimur
Published: November 2019

Protecting wildlife within areas of resource extraction often involves reducing habitat fragmentation. In Canada, protecting threatened woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou (Gmelin, 1788)) populations requires preserving large areas of intact forest habitat, with some restrictions on industrial forestry activities. We present a linear programming model that assesses the trade-off between achieving an objective of habitat protection for caribou populations while maintaining desired levels of harvest in forest landscapes. The habitat-protection objective maximizes the amount of connected habitat that is accessible by caribou, and the forestry objective maximizes net revenues from timber harvest subject to even harvest flow, a harvest target, and environmental sustainability constraints. We applied the model to explore the habitat protection and harvesting scenarios in the Cold Lake caribou range, a 6726 km2 area of prime caribou habitat in Alberta, Canada. We evaluated harvest scenarios ranging from 0.1 Mm3·year–1 to maximum sustainable harvest levels over 0.7 Mm3·year–1 and assessed the impact of habitat protection measures on timber supply costs. Protecting caribou habitat by deferring or reallocating harvest increases the timber unit cost by Can$1.1–2.0 m–3. However, this impact can be partially mediated by extending the harvest to areas of oil and gas extraction to offset forgone harvest in areas of prime caribou habitat.
A transcriptomic analysis reveals soybean seed pre-harvest deterioration resistance pathways under high temperature and humidity stress
Authors: Shu Yingjie , Zhou Yuli , Mu Kebin , Hu Huimin , Chen Ming , He Qingyuan , Huang Shoucheng , Ma Hao , Yu Xingwang
Published: November 2019

Pre-harvest soybean seeds in the field are susceptible to high temperature and humidity (HTH) stress, leading to pre-harvest seed deterioration, which will result in a reduction in grain quality, yield, and seed vigor. To understand the gene expression involved in seed deterioration response under HTH stress, in this study, we conducted an RNA-Seq analysis using two previously screened soybean cultivars with contrasting seed deterioration resistance. HTH stress induced 1081 and 357 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the sensitive cultivar Ningzhen No. 1 and resistant cultivar Xiangdou No. 3, respectively. The majority of DEGs in the resistant cultivar were up-regulated, while down-regulated DEGs were predominant in the sensitive cultivar. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that metabolic pathways, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum were the predominant pathways in both cultivars during seed deterioration under HTH stress. The genes involved in photosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, and heat shock proteins pathways might contribute to the different response to seed deterioration under HTH treatment in the two soybean cultivars. Our study extends the knowledge of gene expression in soybean seed under HTH stress and further provides insight into the molecular mechanism of seed deterioration as well as new strategies for breeding soybean with improved seed deterioration resistance.
Decoherence of quantum parameter estimation for open Dirac particle in Garfinkle–Horowitz–Strominger dilation black hole
Authors: Huang Yumeng , Yan Kai , Wu Yinzhong , Hao Xiang
Published: November 2019

We introduce and study a quantum channel that arises from the structure of the vacuum state of Dirac fields propagating in a Garfinkle–Horowitz–Strominger ($$\mathrm {GHS}$$GHS) dilation black hole spacetime. We put forward the concept of quantum information divergence, which is a new measure for relativistic parameter estimation. We employ quantum metrology to estimate the amplitude and relative phase of a Dirac field state using the quantum Fisher information and information divergence. The decoherence of quantum parameter estimation is studied through the evolution of the Bloch vector for arbitrary initial states subjected to the quantum channel and external noises. We find that the quantum information divergence decreases more than the quantum Fisher information as a function of the radiation temperature. Due to the Pauli exclusion principle and Dirac statistics, the estimation precision will gradually decrease to a non-zero value. In order to study the decoherence in the dilation black hole, we obtain the monotonic decrease of quantum coherence when an initial field evolves from the highly correlated state to the current cosmic background. The external noises can further suppress the decoherence effect from the black hole.
Transient natural convention heat and mass transfer flow in a vertical channel in the presence of Soret and Dufour effects: An analytical approach
Authors: Jha Basant K. , Gambo Yusuf Y.
Published: November 2019

This paper presents an analytical solution for transient natural convection heat and mass transfer flow in a vertical channel with Soret and Dufour effects. Due to the presence of these two effects, energy and concentration equations are coupled. The dimensionless governing equations for momentum, energy and concentration are first decoupled using perturbation method and then solved using Laplace Transform Technique (LTT) under relevant initial and boundary conditions. The expressions for temperature, concentration, velocity, rate of heat transfer, rate of mass transfer and skin-friction are obtained. Numerical solutions are also obtained using pdepe in MATLAB so as to validate the accuracy of the proposed analytical method. The effects of Soret parameter, Dufour parameter, Grashof number, modified Grashof number, Prandtl number, Schmidt number and dimensionless time are presented graphically and discussed. It is observed that the temperature and velocity increase with increase in Dufour number, while concentration decreases with increase of Dufour number. The Dufour effect is more significant on the temperature and velocity in comparison to concentration. Moreover, it is observed that the concentration and velocity increase with increase in Soret number while the impact of Soret number is just contrast on temperature variation.
Inflation of the universe by the non-minimal Y (R )F 2 models
Authors: Sert Özcan
Published: November 2019

The cosmological solutions of the non-minimal [Formula: see text] theory, which are compatible with FRW spacetime, are investigated. In order to avoid the isotropy violation of a vector field, it can be considered that the presence of a triplet of vector fields satisfy SO(3) symmetry or the average of randomly oriented electromagnetic fields over the sufficiently large volume. By considering the symmetry arguments, the inflation driven by the non-minimally coupled vector fields is studied. Then the cosmological solutions and corresponding models are obtained with the power-law, hyperbolic and hybrid scale functions.
The short-distance behavior of an Abelian Proca model based on a one-parameter extension of the covariant Heisenberg algebra
Authors: Ranaiy M. , Moayedi S. K.
Published: November 2019

Recently, a one-parameter extension of the covariant Heisenberg algebra with the extension parameter [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] is a non-negative constant parameter which has a dimension of [Formula: see text] in a [Formula: see text]-dimensional globally flat spacetime has been presented which is a covariant generalization of the Kempf–Mangano algebra [see G. P. de Brito, P. I. C. Caneda, Y. M. P. Gomes, J. T. Guaitolini Junior and V. Nikoofard, Adv. High Energy Phys. 2017, 4768341 (2017) and A. Kempf and G. Mangano, Phys. Rev. D 55, 7909 (1997)]. The Abelian Proca model is reformulated from the viewpoint of the above one-parameter extension of the covariant Heisenberg algebra. It is shown that the free space solutions of the above modified Proca model describe two massive vector particles with different effective masses [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] is the characteristic length scale in our model. In addition, the Feynman propagator in momentum space for the modified Abelian Proca model is calculated analytically. Our numerical estimations show that the maximum value of [Formula: see text] in a four-dimensional spacetime is near the electroweak length scale, i.e. [Formula: see text]. We show that in the infrared/large-distance domain, the modified Proca model behaves like an Abelian massive Lee–Wick model which has been presented by Accioly and his co-workers in A. Accioly, J. Helayel-Neto, G. Correia, G. Brito, J. de Almeida and W. Herdy, Phys. Rev. D 93, 105042 (2016). The short-distance behavior of the modified Proca model is studied in the massless limit and the explicit forms of the inhomogeneous infinite derivative Maxwell equation and the infinite derivative Poisson equation are obtained. Finally, note that in the low-energy limit [Formula: see text], the results of this paper are compatible with the results of the usual Proca model.
Coarse-Fine Self-Learning Active Mass Damper for Frequency Tracking Vibration Control
Authors: Wang Xi
Published: November 2019

This paper presents a coarse-fine self-learning active mass damper (AMD) for frequency tracking vibration control. Even though the AMD is under unknown disturbance, it can obtain the exact exciting frequency of primary system after several self tries and achieve significant vibration suppression. The frequency tuning algorithm consists of two improved techniques, namely, the variable-gain frequency estimator and variable learning rate [Formula: see text]-learning algorithm, both aim to accelerate the convergence speed of frequency estimation. The coarse tuning method helps to tune the AMD’s natural frequency in a relatively wide effective bandwidth using frequency estimator and the fine tuning method can achieve precise tune in a tiny-scale bandwidth. The simulation results demonstrate that this coarse-fine learning AMD can help obtain the exact exciting frequency after several times of self-learning, and the vibration of primary system is dramatically attenuated by tuning the AMD’s natural frequency to match with the exciting frequency. This is the first time for the tuning method of mass damper proposed using machine learning, which can help obtain the exact exciting frequency after several self-tries.
Bifurcation and Chaotic Analysis for Cable Vibration of a Cable-Stayed Bridge
Authors: Gao Fabao , Wang Ruifang , Lai S. K.
Published: November 2019

Cable-stayed bridges are of the most unique and cost-effective designs in modern bridge engineering. A key feature of these structures is that the cables or stays run directly from the tower to the deck. The nonlinear dynamic behavior of these cables can significantly affect the resilience and safety of the bridge. In this context, a deeper understanding of the bifurcation and chaotic mechanisms of cable vibration is highly desirable. Accordingly, in this study the nonlinear dynamic equation of a planar cable is derived for quantitative and qualitative analysis. The nonlinear system is solved asymptotically, using the conventional perturbation and two-timing scale methods, to study the periodic motion of the cables. The obtained solutions are primarily affected by the control parameters and the initial conditions. The asymptotic solutions are also simulated numerically. It is found that the chaotic behavior of cables is greatly affected by the governing parameters, including the cable dimensions, vibration amplitude, damping effect, and excitation frequency. Finally, seven state variables of the nonlinear system are analyzed to investigate the occurrence of bifurcation.
Lie symmetry analysis and conservation laws for the time fractional Black–Scholes equation
Authors: Chatibi Youness , El Kinani El Hassan , Ouhadan Abdelaziz
Published: November 2019

In this paper, the Lie symmetry algebra admitted by the time fractional Black–Scholes equation is obtained by using the Lie group method. The constructed symmetry generators are investigated to construct a family of exact solutions and conservation laws for the studied equation. At the same time, the family of solutions is extended by using the invariant subspace method.
Tsallis holographic dark energy models in axially symmetric space time
Authors: Chandra Dubey Vipin , Kumar Mishra Ambuj , Srivastava Shikha , Kumar Sharma Umesh
Published: November 2019

In this work, we have examined the behavior of Bianchi-I (axially symmetric) matter-dominated and the anisotropic Universe with the proposed dark energy, Tsallis holographic dark energy (THDE), with the Hubble horizon as infrared cut-off [Tavayef et al., Tsallis holographic dark energy, Phys. Lett. B 781 (2018) 195–200]. The Universe evolution from matter-dominated epoch to dark energy dominated epoch is described by our proposed THDE model. The EoS parameter in our THDE model explains the evolution of the Universe according to the value of nonextensive or Tsallis parameter [Formula: see text], phantom era ([Formula: see text]) or quintom (phantom line crossing) and the quintessence era ([Formula: see text]), before reaching to completely dark energy-dominated era in the future. Additionally, we also plan to reconcile the dark energy by the method of reconstructing the evolution of the scalar field potential. For the analysis, we take into account the quintessence field and phantom scalar field for this reconstruction, which at present shows the accelerated expansion.
Domain walls and quark matter in Bianchi type-V universe with observational constraints in F(R,T) gravity
Authors: Maurya Dinesh Chandra , Pradhan Anirudh , Dixit Archana
Published: November 2019

In this study, we investigate the Bianchi type-V cosmological models with quark matter (QM) distribution and domain walls with observational constraints in [Formula: see text] theory of gravity (Harko et al. in Phys. Rev. D 84 (2011) 024020), for a specific choice of the function [Formula: see text] (where [Formula: see text] is Ricci scalar and [Formula: see text] is the trace of the energy–momentum tensor). We have used model-independent methods and hyperbolic expansion scale factors to achieve the deterministic solution of the modified Einstein field equations and these are also tested observationally. The behaviors of QM and domain walls give an idea of accelerated expansion of the Universe which agrees with recent observations of Type Ia Supernovae. We also discuss the physical implications of the derived models.
Wavelet based method for solving generalized Burger’s type equations
Authors: Singh Inderdeep
Published: November 2019

In this work, an efficient numerical method is proposed for solving generalized Burger’s type equations. The generalized Burger’s type equations are first converted into a nonlinear ordinary differential equation by choosing some suitable wave variable transformation. Linearize such nonlinear differential equations by using quasilinearization technique. For solving algebraic system of linear equations Haar wavelet-based collocation method is used. A distinct feature of the proposed method is their simple applicability in a variety of two- and three- dimensional nonlinear partial differential equations. Numerical experiments are performed to illustrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method.
A Case of Refractory Myositis
Authors: Luk Lucas , So Ho
Published: November 2019

We report here a statin naive lady who had refractory myositis for years. The diagnosis was revised to be anti-HMGCR related immune mediated necrotizing myopathy after repeating the muscle biopsy and checking the autoantibody. This report serves as a diagnostic alert that anti-HMGCR related immune mediated necrotizing myopathy should be considered in refractory myositis cases even though there is no statin exposure history, as both the treatment and prognosis may differ.
SLC4A11 function: evidence for H+(OH−) and NH3-H+ transport
Authors: Kao Liyo , Azimov Rustam , Shao Xuesi M. , Abuladze Natalia , Newman Debra , Zhekova Hristina , Noskov Sergei , Pushkin Alexander , Kurtz Ira
Published: November 2019

Whether SLC4A11 transports ammonia and its potential mode of ammonia transport ([Formula: see text], NH3, or NH3-2H+ transport have been proposed) are controversial. In the absence of ammonia, whether SLC4A11 mediates significant conductive H+(OH−) transport is also controversial. The present study was performed to determine the mechanism of human SLC4A11 ammonia transport and whether the transporter mediates conductive H+(OH−) transport in the absence of ammonia. We quantitated H+ flux by monitoring changes in intracellular pH (pHi) and measured whole cell currents in patch-clamp studies of HEK293 cells expressing the transporter in the absence and presence of NH4Cl. Our results demonstrate that SLC4A11 mediated conductive H+(OH−) transport that was stimulated by raising the extracellular pH (pHe). Ammonia-induced HEK293 whole cell currents were also stimulated by an increase in pHe. In studies using increasing NH4Cl concentrations with equal [Formula: see text] extracellular and intracellular concentrations, the shift in the reversal potential ( Erev) due to the addition of ammonia was compatible with NH3-H+ transport competing with H+(OH−) rather than NH3-nH+ ( n ≥ 2) transport. The increase in equivalent H+(OH−) flux observed in the presence of a transcellular H+ gradient was also compatible with SLC4A11-mediated NH3-H+ flux. The NH3 versus Erev data fit a theoretical model suggesting that NH3-H+ and H+(OH−) competitively interact with the transporter. Studies of mutant SLC4A11 constructs in the putative SLC4A11 ion coordination site showed that both H+(OH−) transport and ammonia-induced whole cell currents were blocked suggesting that the H+(OH−) and NH3-H+ transport processes share common features involving the SLC4A11 transport mechanism.
Regional right ventricular function in rats: a novel magnetic resonance imaging method for measurement of right ventricular strain
Authors: Espe Emil K. S. , Aronsen Jan M. , Nordén Einar S. , Zhang Lili , Sjaastad Ivar
Published: November 2019

The function of the right ventricle (RV) is linked to clinical outcome in many cardiovascular diseases, but its role in experimental heart failure remains largely unexplored due to difficulties in measuring RV function in vivo. We aimed to advance RV imaging by establishing phase-contrast MRI (PC-MRI) as a robust method for measuring RV function in rodents. A total of 46 Wistar-Hannover rats with left ventricular (LV) myocardial infarction and 10 control rats (sham) were examined 6 wk after surgery. Using a 9.4-T preclinical MRI system, we utilized PC-MRI to measure strain/strain rate in the RV free wall under isoflurane anesthesia. Cine MRI was used to measure RV volumes. LV end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) was measured and used to identify pulmonary congestion. The infarct rats were divided into two groups: those with signs of pulmonary congestion (PC), with LVEDP ≥ 15 mmHg ( n = 26) and those without signs of pulmonary congestion (NPC), with LVEDP < 15 mmHg ( n = 20). The NPC rats exhibited preserved RV strains/strain rates, whereas the PC rats exhibited reduced strains/strain rates (26–48% lower than sham). Of the strain parameters, longitudinal strain and strain rate exhibited the highest correlations to LVEDP and lung weight (rho = 0.65–0.72, P < 0.001). Basal longitudinal strain was most closely associated with signs of pulmonary congestion and indexes of RV remodeling. Longitudinal RV strain had higher area under the curve than ejection fraction for detecting subtle RV dysfunction (area under the curve = 0.85 vs. 0.67). In conclusion, we show for the first time that global and regional RV myocardial strain can be measured robustly in rodents. Reduced RV strain was closely associated with indexes of pulmonary congestion and molecular markers of RV remodeling.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY Global and regional right ventricular myocardial strain can be measured with high reproducibility and low interobserver variability in rodents using tissue phase mapping MRI. Reduced right ventricular strain was associated with indexes of pulmonary congestion and molecular markers of right ventricular remodeling. Regional strain in the basal myocardium was considerably higher than in the apical myocardium.
Collateral damage: necroptosis in the development of lung injury
Authors: Faust Hilary , Mangalmurti Nilam S.
Published: November 2019

Cell death is increasingly recognized as a driving factor in the development of acute lung injury. Necroptosis, an immunogenic regulated cell death program important in innate immunity, has been implicated in the development of lung injury in a diverse range of conditions. Characterized by lytic cell death and consequent extracellular release of endogenous inflammatory mediators, necroptosis can be both beneficial and deleterious to the host, depending on the context. Here, we review recent investigations linking necroptosis and the development of experimental lung injury. We assess the consequences of necroptosis during bacterial pneumonia, viral infection, sepsis, and sterile injury, highlighting increasing evidence from in vitro studies, animal models, and clinical studies that implicates necroptosis in the pathogenesis of ARDS. Lastly, we highlight current challenges in translating laboratory findings to the bedside.