bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of a smartphone application for cognitive rehearsal intervention on workplace bullying and turnover intention among nurses
Authors: Kang Jiyeon , Jeong Yeon Jin
Published: September 2019

Background

Bullying in nursing workplaces has been considered a serious problem that increases nurse turnover.

Aim

To develop a cognitive rehearsal intervention for workplace bullying and examine its effects on nurses' bullying experiences and turnover intentions.

Methods

We developed a smartphone application to cognitively train nurses to handle bullying situations in the workplace. This application included common bullying situations and appropriate non‐violent communication scenarios. A cluster quasi‐randomized trial was performed with 72 hospital nurses working in a university hospital in South Korea from November 2016 to January 2017. We measured workplace bullying experiences and turnover intention before intervention and 4 and 8 weeks after intervention in both intervention and control groups.

Results

The cognitive rehearsal intervention developed in this study was effective for decreasing nurses' person‐related bullying, work‐related bullying experiences, and turnover intention. However, it had no effects on intimidation‐related bullying experiences.

Conclusions

The smartphone application‐based cognitive rehearsal intervention can serve as a personal coping measure for person‐related and work‐related bullying among nurses. It is recommended that the intervention developed in this study be applied as a strategy to reduce nurse turnover.
Fuzzy clustering based on linguistic information: a case study on clustering destinations with tourists’ perceptions
Authors: Han Zhi‐Qiu , Yang Wu‐E , Wang Ying‐Ming , Ma Chao‐Qun
Published: September 2019

A fuzzy clustering method with linguistic information is introduced. It uses a minimizing cross‐entropy model to avoid setting the clustering threshold artificially. During the clustering, the semantics of the linguistic information is conservatively represented by solving a programming. It maximizes the potential differences between the objects to be clustered, and further helps an analyst to reach a semantics‐robust clustering result. A case study on clustering a sample destination set, which includes 13 Asia Pacific regions, based on a group of tourists’ perceptions is also proposed.
Application effect of pneumatic tourniquet with individualized pressure setting in orthopaedic surgery of extremities: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Ding Lei , Ding Cai‐yun , Wang Yun‐lei , Wang Mei‐lan , Qian Xiao‐hong , Huang Ling , Xie Xing‐er , Ji Han‐zhen
Published: September 2019

Aims

To evaluate the application effect of individualized pressure setting strategy of pneumatic tourniquet in orthopaedic surgery.

Background

Some individualized setting pressures of pneumatic tourniquet are lower than the standard pressure recommended in the textbook (Nursing of Operating Room, People's Military Publishing House, 2008).

Design

Meta‐analysis.

Data Sources

CL, WOS, PubMed, CNKI, CBM, VIP and Wan‐fang DATA.

Review Methods

We searched studies on the application effect of individualized pressure of pneumatic tourniquet from the establishment date of the databases to September 2017. Study quality was assessed using the quality evaluation method recommended in the Cochrane Handbook 5.1.0 (Higgins, 2011). The primary outcome was inflation pressure.

Results

We identified nine studies including 1,200 patients. The individualized pressure setting strategy can provide a lower inflation pressure (four studies), improve haemostatic effect (six studies) and reduce the incidence of related complications (eight studies).

Conclusions

An individualized inflation pressure is recommended when using the tourniquet in orthopaedic surgery. And the setting pressure might be a minimum and efficiency one, by accessing the the systolic blood pressure and limb circumferences of the patient.

Impact

This study addressed that the individualized pressure setting strategy of pneumatic tourniquet can provide a lower inflation pressure and a higher application value in orthopaedic limb surgery. However, greater attention should be focused on how to unify the individualized pressure setting strategy. Meanwhile, the instructions for use from manufacturers need to be updated. Therefore, it is recommended to conduct a large‐sample multi‐centre high‐quality randomized controlled trial in strict accordance with the CONSORT standard.
Inter‐breed diversity and temporal dynamics of the faecal microbiota in healthy horses
Authors: Massacci Francesca Romana , Clark Allison , Ruet Alice , Lansade Léa , Costa Marcio , Mach Núria
Published: September 2019

Understanding gut microbiota similarities and differences across breeds in horses has the potential to advance approaches aimed at personalized microbial modifications, particularly those involved in improving sport athletic performance. Here, we explore whether faecal microbiota composition based on faecal 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing varies across six different sport breeds at two time points 8 months apart within a cohort of 189 healthy horses cared for under similar conditions. Lusitano horses presented the smallest and Hanoverians the greatest bacterial diversity. We found subtle but significant differences in β‐diversity between Lusitano, Anglo Arabian and the central European breeds, and we reproduced these results across the two time points. Repeat sampling of subjects showed community to be temporally more stable in Lusitano and Anglo Arabian breeds. Additionally, we found that 27 genera significantly varied in abundance across breeds. Overall, 33% of these taxa overlapped with previously identified taxa that were associated with genetic variation in humans or other species. However, a non‐significant correlation was observed between microbial composition and the host pedigree‐based kinship. Despite a notable variation in the diversity and composition of the faecal microbiota, breed exerted limited effects on the equine faecal microbiota.
Business Interest in the EU: Integration without Supranationalism?
Authors: Kohler‐Koch Beate , Friedrich David A.
Published: September 2019

The EU has deeply transformed the economic and political environment of business and thus the representation of economic interests has become Europeanized. But what is the effect of this Europeanization at the EU level? We focused on the interplay of change at the domestic and European level and asked how the specific ways in which national organizations seek to have a European presence generate variations in the European system. We present an analytical model and provide empirical evidence to demonstrate that Europeanization is not concomitant with supranationalism. Thus, our research findings fit neatly into the debate on integration without supranationalism. The data analysis highlights the importance of national economic resources, the length of EU membership and the associations' scope. In the conclusion, we give reasons why a Europeanized system of business interest representation is not inherently set to become supranational.
Development of bipolar disorder and other comorbidity among youth with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Arnold L. Eugene , Van Meter Anna R. , Fristad Mary A. , Youngstrom Eric A. , Birmaher Boris B. , Findling Robert L. , Horwitz Sarah , Black Sarah R.
Published: September 2019

Objective

To examine development of bipolar spectrum disorders (BPSD) and other disorders in prospectively followed children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Method

In the Longitudinal Assessment of Manic Symptoms (LAMS) study, 531 of 685 children age 6–12 (most selected for scores > 12 on General Behavior Inventory 10‐item Mania scale) had ADHD, 112 with BPSD, and 419 without. With annual assessments for 8 years, retention averaged 6.2 years. Chi‐square analyses compared rate of new BPSD and other comorbidity between those with versus without baseline ADHD and between retained versus resolved ADHD diagnosis. Cox regression tested factors influencing speed of BPSD onset.

Results

Of 419 with baseline ADHD but not BPSD, 52 (12.4%) developed BPSD, compared with 16 of 110 (14.5%) without either baseline diagnosis. Those who developed BPSD had more nonmood comorbidity over the follow‐up than those who did not develop BPSD (p = .0001). Of 170 who still had ADHD at eight‐year follow‐up (and not baseline BPSD), 26 (15.3%) had developed BPSD, compared with 16 of 186 (8.6%) who had ADHD without BPSD at baseline but lost the ADHD diagnosis (χ2 = 3.82, p = .051). There was no statistical difference in whether ADHD persisted or not across new BPSD subtypes (χ2 = 1.62, p = .446). Of those who developed BPSD, speed of onset was not significantly related to baseline ADHD (p = .566), baseline anxiety (p = .121), baseline depression (p = .185), baseline disruptive behavior disorder (p = .184), age (B = −.11 p = .092), maternal mania (p = .389), or paternal mania (B = .73, p = .056). Those who started with both diagnoses had more severe symptoms/impairment than those with later developed BPSD and reported having ADHD first.

Conclusions

In a cohort selected for symptoms of mania at age 6–12, baseline ADHD was not a significant prospective risk factor for developing BPSD. However, persistence of ADHD may marginally mediate risk of BPSD, and early comorbidity of both diagnoses increases severity/impairment.
Economic assessment and carbon footprint of recycling rare earths from magnets: Evaluation at lab scale paving the way toward industrialization
Authors: Beylot Antoine , Ménad Nour‐Eddine , Seron Alain , Delain Michel , Bizouard Alice , Ménard Yannick , Villeneuve Jacques
Published: September 2019

Project EXTRADE developed an innovative process for recycling rare earths (RE) from permanent magnets used in small applications. To assess the potential of further research from lab scale toward industrialization, this study performs economic and environmental evaluations. Because data are incomplete at current levels of process development, this study propagates uncertainty into the results. Results show that the EXTRADE process, as a complement to the Hard Disk Drive (HDD) waste management system currently in operation in France, could be both economically profitable and beneficial in terms of climate change. However, at this stage of development the price of output products is a key determinant of the economic profitability while still particularly uncertain. Also, the EXTRADE process may offer a climate change benefit due to the substitution of recycled RE oxides for those produced from primary resources (80% chance to be superior to 990 tonnes CO2‐eq over 5 years). The amount of the waste recycled is another key, uncertain parameter regarding both the environmental and economic benefits provided by the process.
Preface: The energetic brain – a review from students to students
Authors: Schulz Jörg B. , Hausmann Laura
Published: September 2019

This Review article ‘The energetic brain – A review from students to students' has been written by a group of students following the 14th International Society for Neurochemistry Advanced School held in 2018. Comprehensively written by students for students, it provides both an excellent educational opportunity and a state‐of‐the‐art insight into the field of brain energy metabolism specifically targeted to young researchers, fulfilling an important aspect of the International Society for Neurochemistry's educational mission. The current Review continues a series of similar student‐authored articles that Journal of Neurochemistry has published since 2016.
Evaluation of the additional effect of topical 5‐fluorouracil to needling in the treatment of localized vitiligo
Authors: Attwa Enayat Mohamed , Khashaba Shrook A. , Ezzat Nehal Anwar
Published: September 2019

Background

Microneedling is a valuable tool that can be used in transdermal drug delivery in vitiligo patients to improve drug permeability and efficacy with minor side effects.

Aims

The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of using microneedling prior to application of topical 5‐FU in treatment of localized vitiligo and to compare its results with microneedling alone.

Methods

Twenty‐seven patients with localized stable vitiligo are chosen. Two patches are determined in every patient: patch A treated with needling alone and patch B treated with needling followed by topical application of 5‐fluorouracil once every 2 weeks for three months. Repigmentation was accessed by grades ranging from G0; no response to G4; >75% repigmentation. Side effects were reported in every visit.

Results

Microneedling followed by topical application of 5‐fluorouracil showed better response than needling alone with minimal side effects.

Conclusion

Combining microneedling with topical drug application yields better results in treating localized vitiligo.
EFFECT OF CORPORATE SCIENTISTS ON FIRMS’ INNOVATION ACTIVITY: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Herrera Liliana
Published: September 2019

This study reviews the literature on the effect of corporate scientists on firms’ innovation activities. Traditionally, the scientist's role in a firm is linked to the processes of generation and absorption of scientific knowledge. However, a growing number of studies over the years show that the scientist's role in firm innovation processes is more extensive and that they contribute to the development of successful new products, processes and services. However, there are no comprehensive reviews of this literature. This paper fills the gap by providing a systematic review of the empirical literature on the role of the corporate scientists in the innovation process by investigating: (1) theoretical approaches used to evaluate the impact of scientists, (2) the importance for the firm's innovation activity of scientists’ heterogeneity, (3) those firm innovation activities over which scientists exhibit more influence, (4) the variables moderating the effect of scientists and (5) research implications for managers.
Diy Biophilia: Development of the Biophilic Interior Design Matrix as a Design Tool
Authors: McGee Beth , Park Nam–Kyu , Portillo Margaret , Bosch Sheila , Swisher Mickie
Published: September 2019

Biophilic design seeks to connect people with nature in the built environment. Growing research supports such nature–based inclusion in the built environment, yet little detailed guidance exists for how to integrate it. This study used systematic development, testing, and expansion of the Biophilic Design Matrix (BDM) for the incorporation of biophilia specifically for interior design. McGee and Marshall–Baker developed the original BDM based on Kellert's proposal of biophilic attributes, and it was initially applied in a healthcare setting. To make it more valid and reliable, this study further developed the BDM through cognitive testing with interior design practitioners in another setting type. This included the participants assessing the BDM and completing pre– and postquestionnaires. It also guided the finalized BDM development that now contains six elements and 54 attributes. The findings demonstrate that the interior design practitioners’ use of the BDM increased perceived knowledge of biophilic design. The modified version is now called the Biophilic Interior Design Matrix (BID–M), which is valid for biophilic interior design identification. The BID–M also offers assistance with biophilic inclusion throughout the design process and, as such, can support the more integral incorporation of nature–based features in the design of interior environments. The finalized biophilic interior design vocabulary should be useful to help designers include thoughtful biophilic variety for unique application, thus assisting with a “do–it–yourself” approach.
Political knowledge at work: Conceptualization, measurement, and applications to follower proactivity
Authors: Granger Steve , Neville Lukas , Turner Nick
Published: September 2019

In this paper, we conceptualize and integrate a measure of political knowledge into the broader literatures on political behaviour, proactivity, and followership. Political knowledge refers to an individual's perceived understanding of the relationships, demands, resources, and preferences of an influential target, such as their leader. We examine political knowledge in the follower–leader context with two studies of employees (Ns = 301 & 492) and two studies of follower–leader pairs (Ns = 187 & 130 dyads). Findings generally support the convergent and discriminant validity of our political knowledge measure. In addition, we find consistent evidence for the mediating role of political knowledge of one's leader in the relationship between follower political skill and political will with self‐reported follower proactive behaviours. Taken together, the results contribute to the political influence framework and offer insight into the importance of ‘knowing your leader’ in enabling followers to engage in politically risky proactivity.

Practitioner points

Political knowledge describes an individual's understanding of specific influential others’ relationships, demands, resources, and preferences.

Followers with political knowledge are more likely to take charge and enact change, which we think is because this knowledge makes enacting change seem less risky.

Leaders seeking to improve their followers’ political knowledge should focus on building high‐quality relationships with followers; these relationships are positively associated with political knowledge.
RESERVOIR QUALITY EVOLUTION OF UPPER CARBONIFEROUS (WESTPHALIAN) TIGHT GAS SANDSTONES, LOWER SAXONY BASIN, NW GERMANY
Authors: Becker I. , Busch B. , Koehrer B. , Adelmann D. , Hilgers C.
Published: September 2019

This paper investigates reservoir quality development in tight Upper Carboniferous fluvial sandstones (Westphalian C/D) in the Lower Saxony Basin, NW Germany. The study integrates data from three outcrops (Piesberg, Woitzel and Hüggel) in the south of the basin with that from two wells (Wells A and B) located at gas fields approximately 50 km to the north. Petrographic and petrophysical data are related to the diagenetic evolution of the sandstones and the burial and structural history of the Lower Saxony Basin. The outcrop and subsurface data sets are compared in order to investigate the factors controlling reservoir quality evolution.

Upper Carboniferous fluvial sandstones from the Woitzel and Hüggel outcrops and from Wells A and B have similar matrix permeabilities (0.01 to 10 mD), but matrix porosities vary between Well A (average 6%), Well B (average 10%), Woitzel (average 15%), and Hüggel (average 19%). Permeability reduction during burial is related to the formation of clay mineral cement, which was mainly controlled by variations in both the palaeo‐climate and in the sandstones’ depositional composition. Matrix porosity was controlled by local differences in burial history related to basin inversion tectonics. The greater amount of inversion‐related uplift at Well B (about 2.8 km) resulted in lower thermal exposure of the Westphalian sandstones at this location, which thus show higher matrix porosities than the sandstones at Well A which were uplifted by only about 1.2 km. Further increases in porosity in the outcrop sandstones may be related to the dissolution of carbonate cement during late‐stage uplift in near‐surface conditions.

Upper Carboniferous fluvial sandstones from the Piesberg quarry show the poorest reservoir characteristics compared to the samples from the subsurface and the other outcrops, with matrix porosities averaging 6% and permeabilities <0.01 mD. Reservoir quality reduction was controlled by thermal anomalies associated with a large fault at the Piesberg quarry. By contrast, a few outliers in the sample data sets from Well B and the Piesberg quarry, which have permeabilities of more than 100 mD, show that faulting or natural fracturing may enhance reservoir quality within a particular area. Faults/fractures may act as potential migration pathways for leaching fluids, or may provide fracture‐permeability systems with production potential.

Depositional setting, burial‐related diagenetic processes and structural characteristics in the Lower Saxony Basin need to be carefully evaluated in order to provide an improved understanding of the reservoir quality of the Upper Carboniferous sandstones.
MONITORING GAS DISTRIBUTION AND ORIGIN IN THE CULZEAN FIELD, UK CENTRAL NORTH SEA, USING DATA FROM A CONTINUOUS ISOTOPE LOGGING TOOL AND ISOTUBE AND TEST SAMPLES
Authors: Petersen H. I. , Hillock P. , Milner S. , Pendlebury M. , Scarlett D.
Published: September 2019

The high pressure – high temperature Culzean field, UK Central North Sea, contains lean gas condensate in the Triassic Joanne sandstones and the Middle Jurassic Pentland sandstones. A comprehensive gas analysis programme was installed as an integrated part of field development in order to monitor gas composition, distribution and origin in the reservoirs and overburden pre‐ production start‐up. Isotube OUT and isotube IN gas samples were collected. The isotube IN data show that some gas is recycled, including alkenes representing contamination from the degradation of mud additives; but concentrations are minor, and do not seem to affect the isotope values derived from the C2 and C3 isotube OUT gases significantly. 13C‐enriched methane derived from drill‐bit metamorphism is recorded in the isotube IN gas, but likewise in low concentrations. Gas data were also acquired from a Continuous Isotope Logging Tool (CILT) which measures real‐time gas concentrations and isotope values of C1–C3 each foot through the entire drilled section. The CILT thus provides a continuous trend of methane isotope values versus depth, and this trend is useful in identifying changes in gas composition. However, concerns related to CILT include: (i) C1–C3 stable carbon isotope detection limits for isotube OUT gas analyses are considerable lower than for CILT; due to the lower isotube gas concentrations required for measurement of C3 isotopes, isotubes are able to map a shallower vertical thermogenic gas migration front in the overburden. (ii) Discrepancies between isotube OUT and CILT isotope values may be significant and cannot be assigned to analytical uncertainty; by contrast, test gas and isotube OUT isotope values are comparable. Hence, CILT isotope values from specific depths cannot stand in isolation but must be complemented by isotube OUT isotope measurements.

Gas in the Pentland reservoir is the most coaly in composition due to self‐sourcing from the Pentland coals. The coals are the primary source rock for the gas encountered in the entire reservoir interval at Culzean, but the underlying Joanne sandstones contain contributions from highly mature marine shales in the Kimmeridge Clay Formation and/or Heather Formation. The Lower Cretaceous seal on top of the Pentland reservoir is relatively tight but some minor migration/leakage of thermogenic gas into the overburden is recorded by the detection of C3 isotopes. Thermogenic gas also occurs in high porosity intervals in the Upper Cretaceous succession but this gas is interpreted to have migrated laterally in porous carrier beds and did not enter these intervals at the well locations.
Repeat Annual Colorectal Cancer Screening in Rural Community Clinics: A Randomized Clinical Trial to Evaluate Outreach Strategies to Sustain Screening
Authors: Davis Terry C. , Rademaker Alfred , Morris James , Ferguson Laurie Anne , Wiltz Gary , Arnold Connie L.
Published: September 2019

Purpose

The majority of colorectal cancer (CRC) research using the fecal immunochemical test (FIT) has studied short‐term screening results in predominantly urban areas. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of 2 outreach strategies embedded in a health literacy intervention on repeat CRC screening in rural community clinics.

Methods

A 2‐arm randomized controlled trial was conducted in 4 rural clinics in Louisiana. During a regularly scheduled clinic visit, participants ages 50–75 received a FIT kit and brief educational intervention. Participants were randomized to receive an automated call or a personal call by a prevention counselor after 4 weeks and 8 weeks if FIT kits were not returned. In year 2, materials were mailed, and follow‐up calls were conducted as in year 1. The primary outcome was repeat FIT—the return of the FIT kit in both years.

Participants

Of 568 eligible participants, 55% were female, 67% were African American, and 39% had low health literacy.

Findings

Repeat FIT rates were 36.5% for those receiving the automated call and 33.6% for those receiving a personal call (P = .30). No annual FITs were returned in 30% of participants, while only 1 FIT was returned by 35% of participants (31% only year 1 and 4% only year 2).

Conclusion

Sustaining CRC screening with FIT is challenging in rural clinics. A lower cost automated call was just as effective as the personal call in promoting repeat annual screening. However, more intensive strategies are needed to improve long‐term FIT screening among rural participants.
Choice preference of diets with different protein levels depending on water temperature in Nile tilapia
Authors: El‐Wahab Amr Abd , Visscher Christian , Teitge Felix , Steinhagen Dieter
Published: September 2019

This study tested a choice feeding model for Nile tilapia that allowed the selection of a higher or lower protein content in the diet depending on water temperature. Nile tilapia were reared in twelve 200‐L tanks for 63 days with 12 fish (body weight 38 g/fish at start) per tank. Two temperatures (22 or 30°C) and two color combinations (yellow and red each) for a two‐component diet containing 30% (low) and a 38% (high) crude protein content based on dry matter were used. High water temperature (30 vs. 22°C) resulted in a significantly higher feed rate (1.93 ± 0.123 and 1.26 ± 0.100%, respectively), body weight gain (39.3 ± 4.29 and 4.75 ± 0.66 g, respectively), final body weight (70.3 ± 9.31 and 43.0 ± 7.49 g, respectively), and feed efficiency (55.4 ± 6.09 and 14.6 ± 2.86%, respectively), as well as protein efficiency ratio (1.687 ± 0.186 and 0.450 ± 0.087, respectively), regardless of color codes. No significant differences of color codes on growth parameters, body composition, and fatty acid profile were seen. Higher water temperature (30 vs. 22°C) only had an effect on percentage‐specific fatty acids of total fatty acids of the whole body (biggest difference: C16:0, 20.5 ± 1.00 and 17.4 ± 1.11%, respectively). Therefore, water temperature clearly influences growth and fatty acid composition of the body.
Radicalization or Reaction: Understanding Engagement in Violent Extremism in Northern Ireland
Authors: Ferguson Neil , McAuley James W.
Published: September 2019

Over the last decade various theoretical models of radicalization or pathways into engagement in violent extremism have been developed. However, there is a dearth of primary data based on direct contact with violent extremists to test these models. In order to address this weakness, we analyzed accounts of engagement in violent extremism produced by former Northern Irish loyalist and republican paramilitaries to explore their understanding of how and why they engaged in this seemingly politically motivated violence. A thematic analysis incorporating aspects of interpretative phenomenological analysis was employed to gain an understanding of these accounts. While the analysis of the interview transcripts produced findings that share similarities with many of the theoretical models, they challenge the importance of ideological radicalization in fueling initial engagement in violent extremism. Instead, the results demonstrate the importance of collective identity, reaction to events, perceived threats, community grievance, and peer and family influences in fueling initial engagement with the armed groups. Insulation and small‐group pressures within the organizations then amplify identity, threat perceptions, and biases, which increase feelings of efficacy and engagement in violence. Finally, the findings discuss the role of imprisonment in ideologically radicalizing the participants, which in turn allows the paramilitaries to both sustain and rationalize their violent extremism.
First report on okadaic acid production of a benthic dinoflagellate Prorocentrum cf. fukuyoi from Japan
Authors: Nishimura Tomohiro , Uchida Hajime , Suzuki Toshiyuki , Tawong Wittaya , Abe Shota , Arimitsu Shingo , Adachi Masao
Published: September 2019

The consumption of bivalves contaminated with diarrhetic shellfish toxins (DSTs) such as okadaic acid and dinophysistoxins has caused serious economic hardship to shellfish industries worldwide including Japan. Several benthic species of the genus Prorocentrum have been confirmed to produce DSTs. There have been no published studies of Japanese strains of Prorocentrum species that include a three‐way characterization of morphological characteristics, molecular phylogenetic data, and toxin profiles. In the present study, a benthic Prorocentrum strain isolated from Japanese temperate shallow water (depths < 3 m) was characterized using morphological, phylogenetic, and toxicological methods. Cell size of the Japanese Prorocentrum strain KSK4P was 27.2 ± 1.3 μm in length, 22.4 ± 0.9 μm in width, and had a length‐to‐width ratio of 1.22 ± 0.04. The thecal surface was smooth and covered with large and small thecal pores lying in rows, and the pores were lacking in the central area of the theca. The right theca had a deeply excavated periflagellar area that was narrow V‐shaped. Nine platelets and two wings were in the periflagellar area. These morphological features of the strain KSK4P are similar to those of P. fukuyoi. Phylogenetic trees based on the LSU rDNA D1/D3 sequences revealed that the strain KSK4P forms a new subclade F2f belonging to P. fukuyoi complex (subclade F2). The sequence analysis revealed that the strain KSK4P (subclade F2f) diverges from a subclade F2e to which the strain used for the description of P. fukuyoi belongs. Based on the results of morphological and phylogenetic analyses of the strain KSK4P, the strain was designated as P. cf. fukuyoi. The results of the LC/MS/MS analysis revealed that the strain KSK4P produced okadaic acid (1.5–2.7 fg cell−1). This is the first report that a strain belonging to the P. fukuyoi complex can produce okadaic acid.
The local political economy of the regulatory state: Governing affordable housing in England
Authors: Clegg Liam , Farstad Fay
Published: September 2019

Regulatory governance involves the use of heterogeneous mechanisms to extract welfare gains from market‐based processes. While often viewed as a depoliticization mechanism, here, we explore a distinctly political manifestation of regulatory governance. Our study focuses on the governance of affordable housing in England, specifically on local authorities' use of ‘Section 106′ (S106) powers to compel private developers to include affordable housing in new developments. We show that, following the financial crisis, the governance of affordable housing shifted from a partisan to a valence issue. As the crisis increased the issue salience of affordable housing, left‐wing authorities' hitherto higher tendency to intervene was eroded in the midst of a broad‐based increase in S106 deployment. In addition to extending insights into the political economy of regulatory state intervention, our findings shed valuable light on the undersupply of affordable housing in England.
Addressing two blind spots of commonly used experimental designs: The Highly‐Repeated Within‐Person approach
Authors: Zayas Vivian , Sridharan Vasundhara , Lee Randy T. , Shoda Yuichi
Published: September 2019

Two well documented but still neglected blind spots of often‐used study designs limit a researcher's ability to make inferences about psychological phenomenon. First, typical designs focus on effects of conditions at the group level and are not able to assess the extent to which effects characterize each participant in the study. This blind spot can lead to erroneous (or incomplete) conclusions about the effects of manipulations both for a given participant and at the group level. Second, commonly used research designs often use a limited sample of stimuli, constraining conclusions to the particular stimuli. This blind spot can lead to non‐replication when different stimuli are used. We propose that the Highly‐Repeated Within‐Person (HRWP) approach helps mitigate these limitations. Using a study on the effects of anti‐smoking messages, we illustrate how the HRWP approach helps alert researchers when the conclusions at the group level may not apply to all (or any) participant, quantifies the heterogeneity of effects of manipulations across people, and increases confidence regarding the generalizability of the effects. We discuss how the HRWP approach may help conceptualize issues of replicability in a new light.
The Intersectionality of Disasters’ Effects on Trust in Public Officials
Authors: Reinhardt Gina Yannitell
Published: September 2019

Objective

Groups defined by race and ideology are well‐known predictors of interpersonal and political trust, but gender‐based effects are undecided. I investigate whether disaster experience conditions a difference in political trust between women and men.

Methods

Examining the hurricane data set of U.S. public opinion, I analyze intersectionality's influence on disaster‐based political trust with a three‐way interaction between race, class, and gender.

Results

Among disaster survivors, black women trust less than all other race–gender groups, and white men trust the most. The difference between black and white women survivors’ political trust is attenuated by education. Education exacerbates race‐based political trust among observers. Among observers, there is not a gender‐based distinction.

Conclusion

Disasters create new identities based on shared experience, and offer a moment in time that illustrates how trust varies along gender–race–class–disaster dimensions. Knowing how trust differs according to intersectionality allows managers to manage critical events better.
Identification of the novel HLA‐B allele, HLA‐B*27:198, from a Korean individual
Authors: Yang John Jeongseok , Kwon Oh‐Joong , Oh Heung‐Bum
Published: September 2019

The novel HLA‐B*27:198 allele differs from HLA‐B*27:05:02:01 by one nucleotide substitution at codon 45.
Orthography Analysis-Spanish Graphical Accentuation Setting
Authors: Rivera Joel Laffita
Published: September 2019

This research article is setting up an outlined-linguistic-overview regarding to the use of the “Tilde” in the writing context of Spanish Language. The study looked over various-literature-materials from different sources and added new-insights into its contextual framework to expose Spanish-language-Orthography such as Words-Type; Accents-Type; Vocabulary and Grammar-Patterns. The use of the “tilde” in teaching and learning Spanish as Second Foreign Language (ELE) continue to be a focus of concern and discussion among Spanish language teachers as well as the learners of this particular foreign language subject (FLs). Numerous studies have emphasized on the need to provide accuracy-learning-materials in relation to this orthography-linguistic-trait. Consequently to this observation, the study aimed to deliver valuable text-references through which Spanish language learners know about the application of the “Tilde” in the writing system of Spanish language. Furthermore, methodological schemes are provided to assist Spanish language teachers in formatting and delivering Spanish-language-assignments that fit into the subject-matter-discussed.
A Review into Effective Classroom Management and Strategies for Student Engagement: Teacher and Student Roles in Today’s Classrooms
Authors: Franklin Hayley , Harrington Ingrid
Published: September 2019

A teacher’s role encompasses far more than just imparting curricula outcomes to their students: they need to equip students with the necessary tools to experience social and academic success both inside the classroom and beyond it. Teachers need to empower students with the means to critically analyse the world around them in order to develop into critical independent thinkers. Students need to be proficient in utilising skills associated with higher levels of thinking, that will empower them with the ability to identify, analyse and evaluate the infinite volume of information available through our rapidly changing digital world. Just as teachers need to take responsibility for the various methods of teaching and instruction in the classroom, it is essential for students to take ownership of the learning process, to ensure future success in university environments, where sustained personal effort and metacognitive skills are fundamental to academic success. The object of the review of the literature surrounding the roles of teacher and student, effective classroom management strategies, and successful evidence-based teaching and learning pedagogies, is to assist new and experienced teachers in the promotion of a positive classroom experience for all.
Measurements of a Novel Digital Hydraulic Valve Comprising a Cushioning Feature
Authors: Bender Niels C. , Plöckinger Andreas , Foschum Paul , Winkler Bernd , Pedersen Henrik C.
Published: September 2019

This article presents simulation data and measurements of a novel valve concept that features a soft landing concept. The purpose is to validate the design framework that has been applied to design the valve. The experimental results are obtained with a test rig manufactured specifically for this type of valve design. The validation includes studying the valves switching dynamics, cushion pressure dynamics, and movement-induced flow (MIF). The tests show that the tendencies are captured accurately although the exact magnitudes of forces do not match fully and a noticeable difference between simulated and measured plunger position is revealed. This amounts in a significant difference in the cushion pressure. Therefore, the pressure model is validated by using the measured lift and velocity derived hereof and this shows sufficient correspondence between the two pressures.
Regional Segregation With Spatial Considerations-Based Analytical Filling Time Model for Non-Newtonian Power-Law Underfill Fluid in Flip-Chip Encapsulation
Authors: Ng Fei Chong , Abas Aizat , Abdullah M. Z.
Published: September 2019

This paper presents a new analytical filling time model to predict the flow of non-Newtonian underfill fluid during flip-chip encapsulation process. The current model is formulated based on the regional segregation approach, instead of the conventional porous media approximation. In this approach, the filling times were computed separately at different filling stages, before being summed up till the required filling distance. The non-Newtonian property of underfill fluid is modeled using the conventional power-law constitutive equation. Additionally, the spatial aspects of the underfill flow were incorporated into the present analysis. For instance, the evolution of underfill menisci from convex to concave was analytically developed and the contact line jump (CLJ) criterion was improved using minimal flow assumption. Upon validated with three distinct past underfill experiments, the current analytical model is found to have the best performance as it predicted the filling times with the least discrepancy among other existing filling time models. Quantitatively, the discrepancies were averagely reduced by an absolute value of at least 8.68% and 4.90%, respectively, for the first two set of validation studies. Generally, this model is particularly useful in manufacturing lines to estimate the process time of flip-chip underfill, as well as for the optimizations of process and package design.
Exploiting Nonlinear Dynamics for Design Optimization of Periodic Response of Harmonically Excited, Piezo-Driven, Buckled Beams
Authors: Wilson James M. , Shukla Amit , Olson William
Published: September 2019

Design of piezo-electric actuated cutting tools requires carefully controlling the response characteristics while minimizing the energy input for an efficient design. Many times, nonlinearities are seen as a burden in cutting tool design process as they can result in unpredictable and extremely sensitive response. As such, engineers make design changes to effectively minimize or completely eliminate the nonlinear behavior and that has been a practice in biomedical device design industry. In this paper, the periodic response of buckled beams under piezo-excitation is considered. An optimization approach, as first demonstrated in Refs. [1] and [2], is utilized that achieves maximum amplitude, periodic, and stable responses of the beam systems. Case studies are presented that demonstrate the utility of this optimization approach to exploit the nonlinear dynamics to achieve desired responses. This work presents a new, global optimization driven, computational design approach for medical devices while exploiting nonlinearity in response dynamics.
Effect of Operational Parameters on the Thermal Performance of Flat Plate Oscillating Heat Pipe
Authors: Mehta Kamlesh K. , Mehta Nirvesh , Patel Vivek
Published: September 2019

Flat plate oscillating heat pipe (FP-OHP) is a unique heat transfer device and considered as a promising candidate for effective heat transfer device in electronics industries. A number of theoretical studies and experimental investigations have been carried out on FP-OHP in the past decades after its invention. However, due to the operational characteristics of FP-OHP, the effect of various parameters on the thermal performance of FP-OHP has not been completely revealed so far. This paper attempts to discuss the effect of operational parameters on the thermal performance of FP-OHP. In this study, the FP-OHP was investigated with different charge ratios, orientations, working fluids, and heat loads from 10 W to 150 W. In order to investigate the effect, 18 parallel square channels of 2 × 2 mm2 are machined onto pure copper plate (93 × 70 × 8 mm3) to form FP-OHP. DI water, ethanol, methanol, acetone, and FC-72 are investigated. The measured thermal resistance was strongly dependent on operational parameters. The optimum performance was observed with acetone with a charge ratio of 70% in the vertical orientation. The lowest thermal resistance of 0.39 °C/W is achieved using acetone as a working fluid at 100 W. A Kutateladze number (Ku) was used to compare the experimental data and found to be suitable for prediction of the thermal performance of FP-OHP with standard deviation of 15%.
Experimental Investigation of the Vertical Upward Single- and Two-Phase Flow Pressure Drops Through Gate and Ball Valves
Authors: Zeghloul Ammar , Bouyahiaoui Hiba , Azzi Abdelwahid , Hasan Abbas H. , Al-sarkhi Abdelsalam
Published: September 2019

This paper presents an experimental investigation of the pressure drop (DP) through valves in vertical upward flows. Experiments were carried out using a 1¼″ (DN 32) ball and gate valve. Five opening areas have been investigated from fully open to the nearly fully closed valve, using air with a superficial velocity of 0–3.5 m/s and water 0.05–0.91 m/s. These ranges cover single-phase and the bubbly, slug and churn two-phase flow regimes. It was found that for the single-phase flow experiments, the valve coefficient increases with the valve opening and is the same, in both valves, for the openings smaller than 40%. The single-phase pressure drop increases with the liquid flowrate and decreases with the opening area. The two-phase flow pressure drop was found considerably increased by reducing the opening area for both valves. It reaches its maximum values at 20% opening for the ball valve and 19% opening for the gate valve. It was also inferred that at fully opening condition, the two-phase flow multiplier, for both valves, has been found close to unity for most of the tested flow conditions. For 40 and 20% valve openings the two-phase multiplier decreases in the power-law with liquid holdup for the studied flow conditions. Models proposed originally for evaluating the pressure drop through an orifice in single-phase and two-phase flows were also applied and assessed in the present experimental data.
RELAP5-3D Three-Dimensional Analysis Based on PHÉNIX Dissymmetric Transient Test
Authors: Narcisi Vincenzo , Giannetti Fabio , Subioli Andrea , Del Nevo Alessandro , Caruso Gianfranco
Published: September 2019

Before the final shutdown of the PHÉNIX fast reactor, the CEA carried out a final set of experimental tests to gather data and additional knowledge on relevant sodium fast reactors (SFR) operation and safety aspects. One of these experiments conducted was the dissymmetrical configuration test, which was selected as benchmark transient within the H2020 SESAME project. ENEA and Sapienza University of Rome are participating in the benchmark using the RELAP5-3D© code. The thermal hydraulic analysis focuses on adequate core cooling prediction in accidental scenario. With the goal of investigating asymmetric thermal hydraulic behavior inside of the reactor pool, two different nodalization approaches have been applied for the RELAP5-3D model, which adopt the same geometrical scheme for the primary flow path, with the exception of the hot and cold pools and the core bypass. The first scheme has been developed using vertical parallel pipes with cross junctions for the hot and cold pools and an equivalent pipe to reproduce the core bypass. The second model includes a multidimensional (MULTID) component, which simulates the pools and provides a detailed nodalization of the core bypass. This study aims at assessing whether the two modeling approaches are equally capable to predict the asymmetrical temperature evolution over the test, caused by the azimuthal asymmetry of the boundary conditions. Blind calculation results are presented and discussed. The paper will be a first step toward the RELAP5-3D code assessment against the experimental results collected as part of the PHÉNIX dissymmetric test.
Time-Domain Bloch Boundary Conditions for Efficient Simulation of Thermoacoustic Limit Cycles in (Can-)Annular Combustors
Authors: Haeringer Matthias , Polifke Wolfgang
Published: September 2019

Thermo-acoustic eigenmodes of annular or can-annular combustion chambers, which typically feature a discrete rotational symmetry, may be computed in an efficient manner by utilizing the Bloch-wave theory. Unfortunately, the application of the Bloch-wave theory to combustion dynamics has hitherto been limited to the frequency domain. In this study, we present a time-domain formulation of Bloch boundary conditions (BBC), which allows to employ them in time domain simulations, e.g., computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. The BBCs are expressed as acoustic scattering matrices and translated to complex-valued state-space systems. In a hybrid approach an unsteady, compressible CFD simulation of the burner-flame zone is coupled via characteristic-based state-space boundary conditions to a reduced order model of the combustor acoustics that includes BBCs. The acoustic model with BBC accounts for cross-can acoustic coupling and the discrete rotational symmetry of the configuration, while the CFD simulation accounts for the nonlinear flow–flame acoustic interactions. This approach makes it possible to model limit cycle oscillations of (can-)annular combustors at drastically reduced computational cost compared to CFD simulations of the full configuration and without the limitations of weakly nonlinear approaches that utilize a flame describing function. In this study, the suggested approach is applied to a generic multican combustor. Results agree well with a fully compressible CFD simulation of the complete configuration.