bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effectiveness of the use of mineral fertilizers in the technology of potato seed production in the conditions of the mountainous zone of Kabardino-Balkaria
Authors: Nazranov Husen , Orzalieva Mayya , Shalov Timur , Tamakhina Aida , Knyazev Boris
Published: August 2022

The realization of the maximum productive capabilities of agricultural crops provides for mandatory compliance with a number of technological situations. Mountainous areas with a temperate climate of the North Caucasus have the best soils for potato cultivation. Optimization of technological parameters of the use of mineral fertilizers for the production of potato seed material in the conditions of the mountainous zone of Kabardino-Balkaria is an important urgent task of modern seed culture. The correct system of mineral nutrition is the key to reducing the impact of the negative consequences of adverse climatic conditions on the plant nutrition and, in general, on the growth and development of potato plants. The introduction of combinations of nitrogen-phosphorus and nitrogen-potassium against the background of increased nitrogen content in the soil does not provide high rates of photosynthetic potential of potato plantings. Optimized application of NPK mineral fertilizers and combination with non-root spraying with a trace element in the budding-flowering phase of potatoes contributes to the production of more seed material and higher quality.
Determination of the Photoditazine photosensitizer solution effect on the productivity and microflora of broiler chickens
Authors: Shlenskiy Vadim , Pashnik Tatiana , Koshchaev Andrey
Published: August 2022

The scientific work analyzes the effectiveness of the Photoditazine photosensitizer for rearing broiler chickens to prevent infectious diseases, in particular salmonellosis. In the conducted studies, the presence of antimicrobial activity in photosensitizers in experiments on bacterial cultures was confirmed by the example of a second-generation photosensitizer - Photoditazine, the active substance of which is dimeglumine chlorin E6. Comparisons of weight gain in broiler chickens from experimental groups were carried out, the composition of the microflora of experimental groups was determined. The harmlessness of the oral use of the Photoditazine photosensitizer was revealed by measuring the main hematological and biochemical parameters of experimental bird groups. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded about the effectiveness of the use of Photoditazine photosensitizer to maintain the well-being of production poultry livestock.
Study on quantification scheme of weight coefficient for electrical fire risk assessment of high-rise building
Authors: Su Lei , Zhang Fan , Yang Fan , Zhang Lei , Shen Yu , Wei Chongwen , Yang Zhichun
Published: August 2022

Electrical fire is a very important fire type in high-rise building fire. Therefore, it has high research value for risk assessment of electric fire in high-rise buildings. However, it is difficult to accurately obtain the weight index coefficient of electrical fire risk assessment by single qualitative or quantitative risk assessment method, so the reliability and objectivity of electrical fire risk assessment cannot be guarantee. In order to solve this problem, a method of using numerical simulation to obtain different types of fire risk data is proposed. Then, taking fire risk influencing factors as the research object, a comprehensive fire risk evaluation system is established. Through the comprehensive evaluation system, the electrical fire risk data are evaluated to determine the electrical fire risk weight coefficient. The results show that the fire risk quantification scheme of weight coefficient proposed in this paper can eliminate the subjectivity of traditional expert ratings. The proposed evaluation standard is a comprehensive evaluation system based on the numerical simulation and analytic hierarchy process. Above mentioned method can improve the reliability and accuracy of the weight coefficient of electrical fire risk assessment, and provide a theoretical basis for the research and classification of fire risk.
Using fault detection and classification techniques for machine breakdown reduction of the HGA process caused by the slider loss defect
Authors: Wanglomklang Thanasak , Chommaungpuck Phathan , Chamniprasart Kontorn , Srisertpol Jiraphon
Published: August 2022

Fault Detection and Classification (FDC) based on Machine Learning (ML) approach was used to detect and classify mount head fault in the slider attachment process which causes the machine alarm 71 to occur which leads to 2% of machine downtime. This paper has focused on the use of classified pixel surface of mount head with fault difference conditions including Healthy, Fault I, Fault II, and Fault III to detect and diagnose mount head before a vacuum leak. The Artificial Neural Network (ANN) algorithm was a proposed classification model and has to be evaluated before using in the real processes. Three features of mount head surface pixel, i.e., inner, outer, and overall areas were investigated and used as model training data set. The experiment result indicates that the classification using the ANN model with three features performed with an accuracy of 94.3%. According to the result, it was found that the reliability of the production processes of FDC technique has increased as a result of the reduction of machine downtime by 1.886%.
Die Geschichte der Nebenschilddrüsen – Ein Beitrag zur Historie der Nebenschilddrüsen, zu ihrer Anatomie, Funktion und ihren Erkrankungen.
Authors: Kokenge Ferdinand
Published: August 2022

Neben der ersten anatomischen und mikroskopischen Beschreibung der Nebenschilddrüsen und ihrer Namensgebung durch Ivar Victor Sandström 1880 wird der Beitrag vieler Pathologen, Physiologen und Chirurgen in den folgenden Jahrzehnten bis zur Aufdeckung ihrer Funktion und ihrer Erkrankungen beschrieben. Eingegangen wird auf den mit einigen Irrwegen belasteten Erkenntnisgewinn zum primären Hyperparathyreoidismus, auf die erste Operation durch Felix Mandl 1925 und auf die aktuellen Therapieempfehlungen. Es schließt sich ein kurzer Abschnitt über den Hypoparathyreoidismus an.
In Silico and In Vitro Approach to Assess Direct Allosteric AMPK Activators from Nature
Authors: Kirchweger Benjamin , Wasilewicz Andreas , Fischhuber Katrin , Tahir Ammar , Chen Ya , Heiss Elke H. , Langer Thierry , Kirchmair Johannes , Rollinger Judith M.
Published: August 2022

The 5′-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an important metabolic regulator. Its allosteric drug and metabolite binding (ADaM) site was identified as an attractive target for direct AMPK activation and holds promise as a novel mechanism for the treatment of metabolic diseases. With the exception of lusianthridin and salicylic acid, no natural product (NP) is reported so far to directly target the ADaM site. For the streamlined assessment of direct AMPK activators from the pool of NPs, an integrated workflow using in silico and in vitro methods was applied. Virtual screening combining a 3D shape-based approach and docking identified 21 NPs and NP-like molecules that could potentially activate AMPK. The compounds were purchased and tested in an in vitro AMPK α 1 β 1 γ 1 kinase assay. Two NP-like virtual hits were identified, which, at 30 µM concentration, caused a 1.65-fold (± 0.24) and a 1.58-fold (± 0.17) activation of AMPK, respectively. Intriguingly, using two different evaluation methods, we could not confirm the bioactivity of the supposed AMPK activator lusianthridin, which rebuts earlier reports.
Fever Management after TEVAR in Patients with Aortic Dissection
Authors: Senkulak Tayfun , Oberhuber Alexander , Yordanov Miroslav , Rukosujew Andreas , Ibrahim Abdulhakim
Published: August 2022

Background Post-implantation syndrome (PIS) is characterised as a noninfectious continuous fever and a concomitant rise in inflammatory markers shortly after thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR). This current study aims to analyse the risk factors of PIS, postoperative major adverse cardiac events (MACE), and overall survival as well as the correlation between new-onset mural thrombus and the risk of developing PIS after TEVAR in patients with type B aortic dissection (TBAD). Patients were included who had a B dissection, both acute and chronic forms. In the acute form, both acutely complicated and uncomplicated patients were included in the study. A main point of our investigation is the postoperative fever management of PIS patients.

Methods A total of 90 patients with type B dissection underwent TEVAR in the University Hospital of Muenster between 2016 and 2020. The occurrence of PIS was defined as the presence of fever (> 38°C lasting longer than 24 hours in hospital) and leucocytosis (white blood cell count > 12000/µL). Patients with other possible reasons for fever and/or leucocytosis, such as a urinary tract infection (UTI), pneumonia, or sepsis, were excluded beforehand. Besides demographic and operation-related data, inflammatory markers and therapeutic measures were evaluated before and 5 days postoperatively. Computed tomography scans were examined to calculate the volume of preexistent and new-onset mural thrombus after TEVAR.

Results Of 90 patients, 40 patients were excluded because of recent infection or bypass surgery. Of the 50 patients included in the study, 10 patients developed post-implantation syndrome. Younger patients significantly more often developed PIS after TEVAR (52.2 ± 11.6 vs. 61.5 ± 13.6, p = 0.045). New-onset thrombus after TEVAR was significantly higher in PIS patients (61 cm³ vs. 12 cm³, p < 0.001) and PIS patients often received more medical examinations (investigation of X-ray, U status, and blood cultures). There was no significant difference in overall survival for 40 months and in the incidence of MACE.

Conclusions PIS may be related to an increased rate of new-onset thrombus. A more robust conclusion is not justified according to our study. There is no difference in overall survival.
Synthesis of Enantioenriched Azaborole Helicenes by Chirality Transfer from Axially Chiral Biaryls
Authors: Nowak-Król Agnieszka , Full Felix , Wildervanck Martijn J. , Volland Daniel
Published: August 2022

We report the enantioselective synthesis of azaborole helicenes from enantioenriched axially chiral precursors. The borylation/metal-exchange reaction sequence affords the target compounds with full transfer of chirality from the corresponding biaryls. Experimental studies provided insights into the configurational stability of the heterobiaryls and their (chir)optical properties. The structure of the ­phenyl-substituted helicene was unambiguously confirmed by single-crystal X-ray analysis.
Rhodium-Catalyzed Ring Expansion and Ring Opening of ­Azetidines: Domino Conjugate Addition/Inert-Bond Activation
Authors: Xie Jian-Bo , Sun Ling-Zhi
Published: August 2022

Domino conjugate addition/inert-bond activation is a useful strategy for improving the efficiency of synthesis. We summarize reports on domino conjugate addition/inert-bond activation and its applications in the rhodium-catalyzed ring-expansion and ring-opening reactions of azetidines.

1 Introduction

2 Rhodium-Catalyzed Domino Conjugate Addition/β-C Cleavage/ Protonation

3 Rhodium-Catalyzed Domino Conjugate Addition/N-Directed α-C(sp3)–H Activation

4 Conclusion
Treatment of Cluster Headache by Occipital Nerve Stimulation: Case Report
Authors: Oliveira Andressa Lima , Monteiro Vitória Harumi Rodrigues Takahashi , Silva Ledismar José da
Published: August 2022

Cluster headache (CH) is a primary headache characterized by severe pain that is strictly unilateral, with orbital, supraorbital, or temporal location, accompanied by ipsilateral autonomic manifestations. It has a considerable socioeconomic impact and impairs patients' quality of life. The present study aimed to report the case of a patient presenting with CH who underwent occipital nerve stimulation and to verify the improvement in her quality of life after this procedure.
Primary Cervical Carcinosarcoma: Report of a Rare Case
Authors: Tsatsaris Georgios , Fasoulakis Zacharias , Koutras Antonios , Ntounis Thomas , Samara Athina A. , Syllaios Athanasios , Diamantis Alexandros , Kouroupi Maria , Stamos Charilaos , Kontomanolis Emmanuel N.
Published: August 2022

Background Carcinosarcomas are malignant mixed Müllerian tumors (MMMT), containing both epithelial and mesenchymal components. Carcinosarcomas of the uterine cervix comprise an extremely rare histopathological entity, with less than 150 cases reported in the literature to date.

Materials and Methods A 79-year-old postmenopausal female patient was referred to our gynecological department due to a pelvic mass and vaginal bleeding. A cervical curettage was performed and the histological report revealed a malignant neoplasm with high cellularity consisting of two components; the first was a chondrosarcoma and the latter a adenocarcinoma. A diagnosis of MMMT was confirmed through immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy were implemented, and a year later the patient underwent a radical hysterectomy and oncological pelvic lymph node dissection. She remains disease-free 12 months postoperatively.

Conclusion Primary cervical carcinosarcomas are extremely rare tumors demonstrating a bipartite profile. Preoperative diagnosis with appropriate immunochemistry testing of this rare entity is crucial to decision making.
Tratamento de lesões agudas da medula espinal: Uma pesquisa entre cirurgiões de coluna ibero-americanos – Parte 2: Momento da cirurgia
Authors: Ribau Ana , Alves Jorge , Rodrigues-Pinto Ricardo
Published: August 2022

Objetivo O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a prática atual em termos de momento de realização da cirurgia em pacientes com lesão medular aguda (LMA) entre cirurgiões de coluna de países ibero-americanos.

Métodos Estudo transversal descritivo com base em um questionário enviado por correio eletrônico para todos os membros da Sociedad Ibero Latinoamericana de Columna (SILACO, na sigla em espanhol) e sociedades associadas.

Resultados Um total de 162 cirurgiões responderam a perguntas relacionadas ao momento da cirurgia. Sessenta e oito (42,0%) consideraram que a LMA com lesão neurológica completa deve ser tratada em até 12 horas, 54 (33,3%) realizariam a descompressão precoce em até 24 horas e 40 (24,7%) fariam este procedimento nas primeiras 48 horas. Em relação à LMA com lesão neurológica incompleta, 115 (71,0%) operariam nas primeiras 12 horas. Houve diferença significativa na proporção de cirurgiões que fariam o tratamento cirúrgico da LMA em ≤ 24 horas quanto ao tipo de lesão (lesão completa [122] versus lesão incompleta [155]; p<0.01). Em pacientes com síndrome medular central sem evidência radiológica de instabilidade, 152 cirurgiões (93,8%) realizariam a descompressão cirúrgica: 1 (0,6%) nas primeiras 12 horas, 63 (38,9%) em 24 horas, 4 (2,5%) em 48 horas, 66 (40,7%) no internamento inicial e 18 (11,1%) após a estabilização neurológica.

Conclusão Todos os cirurgiões participantes favoreceram a descompressão precoce; a grande maioria realizaria a cirurgia nas primeiras 24 horas. A descompressão é feita antes em casos de lesões incompletas do que em lesões completas. Nos casos de síndrome medular central sem evidência radiológica de instabilidade, há uma tendência à descompressão cirúrgica precoce, mas o momento de intervenção ainda é extremamente variável. Estudos futuros são necessários para identificar o momento ideal para descompressão neste subconjunto de pacientes com LMA.
Insulectomy for Refractory Epilepsy: Case Series and Literature Review
Authors: Rodrigues Adriano de Medeiros Barbosa , Bernardo Henrique Nicola Santo Antonio , Seba Maria Clara Cardoso , Junior Carlos Alberto de Almeida Castro , Franceschini Paulo Roberto , Aguiar Paulo Henrique Pires de
Published: August 2022

Surgical resection of the insula (insulectomy) is a procedure used for brain lesions and for refractory epilepsy. It has a difficult surgical access and the need of a wide anatomical knowledge and preoperative planning. There are two types of surgical approaches aiming the exposure of the insular cortex: transsylvian and transcortical. The importance of insulectomies is the efficacy in providing a remarkable decrease in seizures. The objective of the present article is to document the results of a series of 10 patients submitted to insulectomies for refractory epilepsies and compare them with the results of other studies reported in the literature, as well as to describe the main nuances of the surgical approaches and their associated risks. In the new case series, all patients corresponded to preoperative Engel classification IV for; after a mean 2-year follow-up period, they corresponded to Engel classification II. A subtotal resection was performed in six patients, and the remaining four underwent a partial resection, most of them leading to temporary complications. The literature review endorsed the good outcomes of the casuistry. A critical analysis of the presented data reiterates the opinion of several authors that insulectomies are beneficial and safe for the patients. A broad anatomical knowledge of the insular region, preoperative planning (limits of resections), and the use of modern microsurgical techniques must be considered as basic principles by neurosurgeons for the prevention of perioperative morbidities. Insulectomies are safe and effective, although they result in temporary postoperative complications, and provide highly satisfactory results in terms of seizure control.
Tratamento das lesões agudas da medula espinal: Uma pesquisa entre cirurgiões de coluna iberoamericanos – Parte 1: Uso de corticosteroides em altas doses
Authors: Ribau Ana , Alves Jorge , Rodrigues-Pinto Ricardo
Published: August 2022

Objetivo O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a prática atual de uso do succinato sódico de metilprednisolona (MPSS, na sigla em inglês) nas lesões agudas da medula espinal (LAMEs) entre cirurgiões de coluna de países ibero-americanos.

Métodos Um estudo transversal descritivo foi realizado. O questionário continha duas seções, uma sobre os dados demográficos dos cirurgiões e acerca da administração de MPSS, e foi enviado por correio eletrônico aos membros da Sociedad Ibero Latinoamericana de Columna (SILACO, na sigla em espanhol) e sociedades associadas.

Resultados No total, 182 cirurgiões participaram do estudo: 65,4% (119) eram cirurgiões ortopédicos e 24,6% (63), neurocirurgiões. Sessenta e nove (37,9%) usaram MPSS no tratamento inicial da LAME. Não houve diferenças significativas entre países (p = 0,451), especialidades (p = 0,352) ou senioridade do cirurgião (p = 0,652) em relação ao uso de corticosteroides no tratamento inicial da LAME. Destes, 45 (65,2%) relataram a administração de um bolus de alta dose (30 mg/kg) seguido por perfusão (5,4 mg/kg/h). Quarenta e seis (66,7%) dos cirurgiões que usam MPSS apenas o prescrevem a pacientes tratados nas primeiras 8 horas após a LAME. A maioria dos cirurgiões (50,7% [35]) administrou corticosteroides em alta dose devido à convicção de seus benefícios clínicos e melhora da recuperação neurológica.

Conclusão Os resultados do presente questionário mostram que o uso de MPSS na LAME não está disseminado entre os cirurgiões de coluna e que a controvérsia sobre sua administração ainda não foi resolvida. É provável que isto se deva ao baixo nível de evidência dos dados existentes, a variações ao longo dos anos, a inconsistências nos protocolos terapêuticos agudo e a diferentes sistemas de saúde.
The Current Role of Arthroscopy in Traumatic Wrist Injuries: An Expert Survey
Authors: d'Ailly Philip N. , Mulders Marjolein A.M. , Coert J. Henk , Schep Niels W.L. ,   Members of IWAS
Published: August 2022

Background Wrist arthroscopy has become increasingly popular for diagnosing and treating traumatic wrist injuries. How wrist arthroscopy has influenced the daily practice of wrist surgeons remains unclear. The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of wrist arthroscopy for the diagnosis and treatment of traumatic wrist injuries among members of the International Wrist Arthroscopy Society (IWAS).

Methods An online survey was conducted among IWAS members between August and November 2021 with questions regarding the diagnostic and therapeutic importance of wrist arthroscopy. Questions focused on traumatic injuries of the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) and scapholunate ligament (SLL). Multiple-choice questions were presented in the form of a Likert scale. The primary outcome was respondent agreement, defined as 80% answering similarly.

Results The survey was completed by 211 respondents (39% response rate). The majority (81%) were certified or fellowship-trained wrist surgeons. Most respondents (74%) had performed over 100 wrist arthroscopies. Agreement was reached on 4 of the 22 questions. It was agreed that the outcomes of wrist arthroscopy strongly depend on surgeons' experience, that there is sufficient evidence for the diagnostic purposes of wrist arthroscopy, and that wrist arthroscopy is better than magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for diagnosing TFCC and SLL injuries. No agreement was reached on the preferred treatment of any type of TFCC or SLL injury.

Conclusion There is agreement that wrist arthroscopy is superior to MRI for diagnosing traumatic TFCC and SLL injuries, yet experts remain divided on the optimal management. Guidelines need to be developed for the standardization of indications and procedures.

Level of Evidence This is a Level III study.
Pacientes com capsulite adesiva relatam melhora da funcionalidade pela Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde e DASH após bloqueios do nervo supraescapular
Authors: Nunes Sara Ribeiro , Andrade Fernanda Guimarães de , Fernandes Marcos Rassi
Published: August 2022

Objetivo Avaliar a funcionalidade em pacientes com capsulite adesiva submetidos a bloqueio do nervo supraescapular (BNSE).

Métodos Um estudo clínico prospectivo do tipo antes e depois foi realizado em um único centro com pacientes com capsulite adesiva secundária tratados com quatro bloqueios baseados em limites anatômicos. A amostra foi não probabilística, tendo sido obtida após consulta de rotina em ambulatório especializado. Os instrumentos utilizados para avaliação foram a Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde (CIF) e o questionário de Disfunções do Braço, Ombro e Mão (DASH), que foram aplicados antes da intervenção (T0), uma semana após o quarto BNSE (T4), e três após o primeiro BNSE #x0028;T12#x0029;. As médias dos itens da CIF e do DASH nos diferentes tempos (T0 x T4; T4 x T12; e T0 x T12) foram comparadas por meio do teste t pareado. A probabilidade de rejeitar a hipótese nula foi de 5%.

Resultados A amostra foi composta por 25 indivíduos com média de idade de 58,16 anos; 16 eram mulheres. A duração dos sintomas dolorosos variou de 2 a 16 meses, com média de 5,92 meses. A CIF mostrou que todos os domínios já haviam melhorado em T4, à exceção dos fatores ambientais, que só melhoraram aos 3 meses (p = 0,037). Os pacientes já relataram melhora na função do ombro em T4 e mais ainda em T12, ao final da coleta de dados (p = 0,019).

Conclusão A técnica de BNSE é eficaz em pacientes com capsulite adesiva após 4 semanas de aplicação, com melhora da funcionalidade do indivíduo e sua manutenção até 12 semanas.
Enantioselective Oxidative Dearomatization of 2-Naphthols ­Enabled by Chiral Organoiodine Catalysis
Authors: Gong Liu-Zhu , Zhang Dong-Yang
Published: August 2022

An asymmetric dearomatizative oxidation of 2-naphthol derivatives has been established by organoiodine catalysis, enabling a series of chiral spirooxindoles with various functional groups to be accessed in high yields and high enantioselectivities under mild conditions.
Obesity and Physical Activity in Ostomized Patients
Authors: Macedo Keila Marcia Ferreira , Souza Ana Luiza Lima , Almeida Fabio Marques , Costa Nayara Tamillis Gonçalves Cruz , Oliveira Wagna Maria Araújo , Barbosa Maria Alves , Oliveira Ênio Chaves
Published: August 2022

Introduction The relationship between obesity and physical activity is still unknown in specific groups, such as people living with ostomies.

Objective To assess the prevalence of obesity and the level of physical activity in ostomized individuals.

Methods A cross-sectional study with a population of ostomized patients in two hospitals of a Brazilian city. Obesity was assessed by the Body Mass Index (BMI) and physical activity, by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire.

Results The study included 148 patients (55.4% of men [82]), with a mean age of 58.5 (±17.8) years, with 56.1% (83) of the sample aged 60 or older. Colostomies were identified as definitive in 67.6% (100), there were 28 cases (18.9%) of obesity, 67 (45.3%) overweight patients, and 31 (20.9%) subjects were underweight. Sedentary lifestyle was identified in 40.5% (60) of the participants. The mean BMI was significantly higher in men (25.9 ± 5.1), and a higher proportion of men were overweight (28; 34.1%); the underweight group had a greater proportion of women (20; 30.3%). An association between physical inactivity and underweight (p = 0.003) was found.

Conclusion Most patients with ostomies, especially colostomies, are men over 60 years of age who are overweight or obese. In general, underweight individuals are more sedentary.
The Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on Pediatric Hospital Admissions in Turkey
Authors: Erdede Ozlem , Sarı Erdal , Uygur Külcü Nihan , Sezer Yamanel Rabia Gönül
Published: August 2022

Objective Health care utilization has declined significantly during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We aimed to analyze the impact of COVID-19 lockdowns on pediatric admissions in a Turkish medical center.

Methods This retrospective study was conducted by analyzing the numbers and records, including diagnoses, of patients admitted to our pediatric department between March 11, 2020 (the day of the first confirmed COVID-19 case in Turkey) and June 11, 2020 and comparing it with the diagnoses and numbers for the same period in 2019. The most common reasons for admissions were investigated.

Results Totally, 89,607 patients were included. Patient visits reduced drastically by 63.11 to 36.89% during the lockdown period compared to the preceding year. In addition to the impact of COVID-19 lockdowns on the total volume of patients, we observed significant variations in the distribution of diagnoses among children. The percentage of respiratory, gastrointestinal, immunological, and ophthalmologic diseases and allergic reactions statistically decreased (p < 0.001). In contrast, the relative percentage of neonatal, urogenital, neurological, cardiovascular, hematological, and dermatological diseases significantly increased (p < 0.001) among emergency department (ED) admissions. Notably, the percentage of respiratory diseases among ED patients decreased by 66.81 to 33.19%.

Conclusion COVID-19 strongly affected health care utilization. The public must be educated about the safety of hospital environments, and families should be encouraged to visit hospitals in case of emergencies. Additionally, changes in public health advice may help alter health care consumption patterns.
Band alignment of monolayer MoS2/4H-SiC heterojunction via first-principles calculations and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
Authors: Mao Bangyao , Lv Xiurui , Zhao Guijuan , Xing Shu'an , Tang Jinjin , Huang Heyuan , Liu Guipeng , Gao Yong
Published: August 2022

2D/3D heterostructures have received extensive attention due to their unique structures and outstanding properties. In this work, the structural and electronic properties of monolayer MoS2/4H-SiC(Si-face) heterojunctions are systematically investigated through density functional theory calculation and experimental analysis. The calculated results show that the monolayer MoS2/4H-SiC heterostructure is a van der Waals heterojunction because of low formation energy and shows a type-II band alignment with a valence band offset of 1.43 eV. Then the type-II band alignment of the MoS2/4H-SiC heterostructure is verified by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. However, there is a deviation of 0.44 eV in the valence band offset between the calculated results and the experimental data, which may be caused by the underestimation of the bandgap by the Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof method and the introduction of impurities at the interface. Our experimental results reveal the type of band alignment and the combination of the MoS2/4H-SiC heterostructure interface, which is an effective way to understand and design photocatalysts and electronic devices.
Spin helices in GaAs quantum wells: Interplay of electron density, spin diffusion, and spin lifetime
Authors: Anghel S. , Poshakinskiy A. V. , Schiller K. , Yusa G. , Mano T. , Noda T. , Betz M.
Published: August 2022

To establish a correlation between spin diffusion, spin lifetime, and electron density, we study spin polarization evolution in low-dimensional GaAs semiconductors hosting two-dimensional electron gases by employing time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect microscopy. It is shown that for the establishment of the longest spin-lifetime, the variation in the scattering rate with electron density is of more importance than fulfilling the persistent spin helix condition when the Rashba α and Dresselhaus β parameters are balanced. More specifically, regardless of α and β linear dependencies on the electron density, the spin relaxation rate is determined by the spin diffusion coefficient that depends on electron density nonmonotonously. The longest experimental spin-lifetime occurs at an electron density, corresponding to transition from Boltzmann to Fermi–Dirac statistics, which is several times higher than that when the persistent spin helix is expected. These facts highlight the role the electron density may play when considering applications for spintronic devices.
Optimization of quasi-symmetric stellarators with self-consistent bootstrap current and energetic particle confinement
Authors: Landreman M. , Buller S. , Drevlak M.
Published: August 2022

Quasi-symmetry can greatly improve the confinement of energetic particles and thermal plasma in a stellarator. The magnetic field of a quasi-symmetric stellarator at high plasma pressure is significantly affected by the bootstrap current, but the computational cost of accurate stellarator bootstrap calculations has precluded use inside optimization. Here, a new efficient method is demonstrated for optimization of quasi-symmetric stellarator configurations such that the bootstrap current profile is consistent with the geometry. The approach is based on the fact that all neoclassical phenomena in quasi-symmetry are isomorphic to those in axisymmetry. Therefore, accurate formulas for the bootstrap current in tokamaks, which can be evaluated rapidly, can be applied also in stellarators. The deviation between this predicted parallel current and the actual parallel current in the magnetohydrodynamic equilibrium is penalized in the objective function, and the current profile of the equilibrium is included in the parameter space. Quasi-symmetric configurations with significant pressure are thereby obtained with self-consistent bootstrap current and excellent confinement. In a comparison of fusion-produced alpha particle confinement across many stellarators, the new configurations have significantly lower alpha energy losses than many previous designs.
Determining depletion interactions by contracting forces
Authors: de los Santos-López Néstor M. , Pérez-Ángel Gabriel , Castañeda-Priego Ramón , Méndez-Alcaraz José M.
Published: August 2022

Depletion forces are fundamental for determining the phase behavior of a vast number of materials and colloidal dispersions and have been used for the manipulation of in- and out-of-equilibrium thermodynamic states. The entropic nature of depletion forces is well understood; however, most theoretical approaches, and also molecular simulations, work quantitatively at moderate size ratios in much diluted systems since large size asymmetries and high particle concentrations are difficult to deal with. The existing approaches for integrating out the degrees of freedom of the depletant species may fail under these extreme physical conditions. Thus, the main goal of this contribution is to introduce a general physical formulation for obtaining the depletion forces even in those cases where the concentration of all species is relevant. We show that the contraction of the bare forces uniquely determines depletion interactions. Our formulation is tested by studying depletion forces in binary and ternary colloidal mixtures. We report here results for dense systems with total packing fractions of 45% and 55%. Our results open up the possibility of finding an efficient route to determine effective interactions at a finite concentration, even under non-equilibrium thermodynamic conditions.
Wall heat transfer in high-enthalpy hypersonic turbulent boundary layers
Authors: Li JunYang , Yu Ming , Sun Dong , Liu PengXin , Yuan XianXu
Published: August 2022

In this paper, we investigate the differences in wall heat transfer between the low- and high-enthalpy turbulent boundary layers by exploiting direct numerical simulation databases of hypersonic turbulent boundary layers at the free-stream Mach number of 4.5 and the friction Reynolds number of 800. For that purpose, we refine the integral formula of decomposing the wall heat flux proposed by Sun et al. [“A decomposition formula for the wall heat flux of a compressible boundary layer,” Adv. Aerodyn. 4, 1–13 (2022)], enabling us to scrutinize the contribution of different physical processes. Statistical results show that the mean wall heat transfer is primarily contributed by the heat conduction, the turbulent heat transfer, viscous dissipation of mean kinetic energy, and turbulent kinetic energy production. Among these processes, the contribution of the turbulent heat flux in the high-enthalpy case is 10% higher than that in the low-enthalpy case. Such discrepancy is caused by the turbulent–chemistry interaction consisting of velocity and species mass fraction fluctuations. Coherent structures in the conditionally averaged fields related to this process reveal that the sweep in the viscous sublayer and ejection in the logarithmic layer bringing the hot fluid downward and upward, respectively, significantly alter the distribution of the species mass fraction. The wall heat flux fluctuations are slightly enhanced in the high-enthalpy flows, which is ascribed to be the intensification of traveling wave packets.
Pitfalls of quantifying intersystem crossing rates in singlet-fission chromophore solutions
Authors: Stuart Alexandra N. , Tapping Patrick C. , Kee Tak W. , Huang David M.
Published: August 2022

Singlet fission (SF), a process that produces two triplet excitons from one singlet exciton, has attracted recent interest for its potential to circumvent the detailed-balance efficiency limit of single-junction solar cells. For the potential of SF to be fully realized, accurate assignment and quantification of SF is necessary. Intersystem crossing (ISC) is another process of singlet to triplet conversion that is important to distinguish from SF to avoid either over- or under-estimation of SF triplet production. Here, we quantify an upper bound on the rate of ISC in two commonly studied SF chromophores, TIPS–pentacene and TIPS–tetracene, by using transient absorption spectroscopy of solutions of varying concentrations in toluene. We show that SF in solutions of these acenes has previously been misidentified as ISC, and vice versa. By determining a bimolecular SF rate constant in concentrated solutions in which SF dominates over ISC, we distinguish triplet formation due to SF from triplet formation due to ISC and show that the characteristic time scale of ISC must be longer than 325 ns in TIPS–pentacene, while it must be longer than 118 ns in TIPS–tetracene. We additionally note that no excimer formation is observed in the relatively dilute (up to 8 mM) solutions studied here, indicating that previous excimer formation observed at much higher concentrations may be partially due to aggregate formation. This work highlights that an accurate quantification of ISC is crucial as it leads to accurate determination of SF rate constants and yields.
Role of bimetallic Au–Ir subnanometer clusters mediating O2 adsorption and dissociation on anatase TiO2 (101)
Authors: Fabila J. , Romero D. , Paz-Borbón O. , Buendía F.
Published: August 2022

A comprehensive computational study on the oxygen molecule (O2) adsorption and activation on bimetallic Au–Ir subnanometer clusters supported on TiO2(101)— up to five atoms in size—is performed. A global optimization density functional theory-based basin-hopping algorithm is used to determine putative global minima configurations of both mono- and bimetallic clusters supported on the metal oxide surface for all sizes and compositions. Our results indicate a strong cluster-oxide interaction for monometallic Ir clusters with calculated adsorption energy (Eads) values ranging from −3.11 to −5.91 eV. Similar values are calculated for bimetallic Au–Ir clusters (−3.21 up to −5.69 eV). However, weaker Eads values are calculated for Au clusters (ranging from −0.66 to −2.07 eV). As a general trend, we demonstrate that for supported Au–Ir clusters on TiO2(101), those Ir atoms preferentially occupy cluster-oxide interface positions while acting as anchor sites for the Au atoms. The overall geometric arrangements of the putative global minima configurations define O2 adsorption and dissociation, particularly involving the monometallic Au5 and Ir5 as well as the bimetallic Au2Ir3 and Au3Ir2 supported clusters. Spontaneous O2 dissociation is observed on both Ir5 and on the Ir-metallic part of Au3Ir2 and Au2Ir3 supported clusters. This is in sharp contrast with supported Au5, where a large activation energy is needed (1.90 eV). Interestingly, for Au5, we observe that molecular O2 adsorption is favorable at the cluster/oxide interface, followed by a smaller dissociation barrier (0.71 eV). From a single cluster catalysis point of view, our results have strong implications in the ongoing understanding of oxide supported bimetallic while providing a useful first insight into the continuous in silico design of novel subnanometer catalysts.
Energy and advanced exergy analyses of novel ejector-compressor partially coupled refrigeration cycle for buildings with less solar energy
Authors: Xu Yingjie , Huang Songlin , Wang Jiafeng , Song Mengjie , Yu Jiaqi , Shen Xi
Published: July 2022

Solar-driven ejection–compression refrigeration is helpful for building space cooling but is based on the precondition of solar heat being infinite and free. This is not valid in many cases, such as multistorey buildings in metropolises with limited space. Even worse, in the carbon-neutral future, space surrounding buildings will be occupied by PV (photovoltaic) panels in priority. Therefore, a potential ejector-partially coupled enhanced compression refrigeration cycle consuming less heat is presented. Models of the new cycle for a multistorey building are established. Then, energy comparison and advanced exergy analysis are conducted. The analysis results first show that the new cycle needs no auxiliary system. Powered by limited low-grade heat, its COPe increased by 20.66% and total annual cost reduced by 7.8%, compared with the traditional ejector–compressor cycle. Advanced exergy analysis also finds that the order of improvement potential is compressor (4739.45 W), evaporator (4329.85 W), and condenser (2843.51 W), according to the sum of avoidable exergy destruction. This is different from the results of conventional exergy analysis. The sensitivity analysis of the ejector components' efficiencies is investigated, which has seldom been reported for refrigeration system with ejector. The results reveal that once the efficiencies of ejector components reach a certain point (0.94), the performance no longer improves. Generally, this work provides a potential ejection–compression cycle, demonstrates system improvement direction through advanced exergy analysis, and reveals good understanding of the system.
Stably electrospraying highly conductive sodium chloride aqueous solution coated with outer ionic liquid using coaxial capillary
Authors: Cheng Yufeng , Zhang Jinrui , Wang Weizong , Yan Jiaqi , Cai Guobiao
Published: August 2022

Concentrated aqueous solutions with high conductivity have been proven difficult to be stably electrosprayed mainly due to their large surface tension, which will easily trigger air discharge. The ionic liquid with lower surface tension is involatile, viscous, and highly conductive and can easily achieve stable electrospray. This paper presents a more convenient method to ionize the concentrated aqueous solution than the previous attempts and proves the feasibility of coaxially electrospraying two highly conductive liquids (∼1 S/m). Our method utilizes a coaxial capillary to coat the highly conducting concentrated sodium chloride (NaCl) aqueous solution (0.67 S/m) with a thin layer of immiscible ionic liquid to form a compound cone and achieve the stable coaxial electrospray. The compound cone remains static at a suitable flow rate (0.1–1 nl/s) of the ionic liquid. At a higher or lower flow rate, the compound cone elongates or shrinks and eventually vibrates. Due to the high conductivity of both liquids, the spray current does not follow the current scaling law. The spray current is mostly dominated by the NaCl solution and counterintuitively decreases as the flow rate of the ionic liquid increases due to the frequent vibration of the compound cone. The highly conducting thin layer of the ionic liquid is the key to achieving stable coaxial electrospray. It lowers the surface tension of the compound cone and shields the external electric field acting at the inner aqueous solution; thus, the air discharge of the aqueous solution is suppressed, and the stable compound cone can be formed.
Lowering the water solubility of phosphorus fertilisers impacts leaching, plant growth and residual soil phosphorus
Authors: Summers Robert , Weaver David
Published: July 2022

Context Leaching of phosphorus (P) from water soluble agricultural fertilisers applied to sandy soil can adversely impact downstream water quality. Less soluble fertilisers may reduce P leaching and increase production. However, repeated application of low water soluble P (LWSP) fertiliser with high citrate soluble P (CSP) has potential to increase P leaching and P accumulation. Methods We examined the effect of LWSP fertilisers (single superphosphate, SSP; fertilisers low in water soluble P, WSP) on leaching losses in soil with low P retention/low P status; with/without bauxite residue amendment and with/without plants. Key results On low P retentive soils with a low P status, P leaching was reduced by reducing the WSP of fertiliser. Plants and soil amendment reduced P leaching further, but P loss remained proportional to WSP applied. Under field conditions, a subset of LWSP fertilisers greatly increased pasture dry matter production and increased soil test P values. Soil test P increases were positively correlated to fertiliser citrate soluble P content. Soils already containing at least 80% of the required plant available P did not require a WSP fertiliser to provide early season P. Conclusions LWSP fertilisers and soil amendment have potential to reduce P leaching in low P retentive soils. Fertiliser formulations targeting reduced WSP and high CSP require attention. Implications LWSP fertilisers may increase soil P residues reducing future P needs; however, ongoing soil testing is required for assessment of soil P accumulation, requirements and leaching potential.
Intraspecific hybridisation of an invasive lizard on Lord Howe Island
Authors: Chaplin Kirilee , Smith Date Katie , Bray Rebecca D. , Miller Kimberly A. , Lutz Maiko L. , Razeng Emma , Thompson Michael B. , Chapple David G.
Published: August 2022

Human-mediated dispersal of animals often acts to bring populations that have been separated for substantial periods of evolutionary time (e.g. millions of years) in their native range into contact in their introduced range. Whether these taxa successfully interbreed in the introduced range provides information on the strength of reproductive isolation amongst them. The invasive delicate skink (Lampropholis delicata) has been accidentally introduced to Lord Howe Island from four genetically divergent (>2 million years) regions of the species’ native range in eastern Australia. We used mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite data to investigate whether the individuals from four of the native-range source regions are interbreeding on Lord Howe Island. Our analyses indicate that intraspecific hybridisation among individuals from all four native-range source regions is occurring. Although there is little evidence for hybrids in the northern end of Lord Howe Island (proportion of hybrids: 0–0.02; n = 31), there is a high proportion of hybrids in the central (0.33–0.69; n = 59) and southern regions (0.38–0.75; n = 8) of the island. Given the strong evidence for interbreeding among all four native-range source regions examined, and the relatively minor morphological, life-history and phenotypic variation among them, we suggest that the delicate skink should continue to be treated as a single, widespread, but variable species.
Number neurons in the nidopallium of young domestic chicks
Authors: Kobylkov Dmitry , Mayer Uwe , Zanon Mirko , Vallortigara Giorgio
Published: August 2022

Numerical cognition is ubiquitous in the animal kingdom. Domestic chicks are a widely used developmental model for studying numerical cognition. Soon after hatching, chicks can perform sophisticated numerical tasks. Nevertheless, the neural basis of their numerical abilities has remained unknown. Here, we describe number neurons in the caudal nidopallium (functionally equivalent to the mammalian prefrontal cortex) of young domestic chicks. Number neurons that we found in young chicks showed remarkable similarities to those in the prefrontal cortex and caudal nidopallium of adult animals. Thus, our results suggest that numerosity perception based on number neurons might be an inborn feature of the vertebrate brain.
JSLP’s Editorial Advisory Board
Authors: Levis John M.
Published: August 2022

The backbone of any successful journal is its Editorial Advisory Board. In this editorial, we introduce the
members of JSLP’s Advisory Board and talk about their areas of expertise. Our advisory board includes many current and former
editors, which creates an unusual strength for the journal.