bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The New Odd Log-Logistic Generalised Half-Normal Distribution: Mathematical Properties and Simulations
Authors: Afshari Mahmoud afshari , Abdi Mosa , Karamikabir Hamid , Mozafari Mahdiye , Alizadeh Morad
Published: December 2019

The new distributions are very useful in describing real data sets, because these distributions are more flexible to model real data that present a high degree of skewness and kurtosis. The choice of the best-suited statistical distribution for modeling data is very important.In this paper, A new class of distributions called the {\itÂ  New odd log-logistic generalized half-normal} (NOLL-GHN) family with four parameters is introduced and studied. This model containsÂ  sub-modelsÂ  such asÂ  half-normal (HN), generalized half-normal (GHN )and odd log-logistic generalized half-normal (OLL-GHN) distributions.some statistical properties such as moments and moment generating function have been calculated.The Biases and MSE's ofÂ  estimator methods such as maximum likelihood estimators ,Â  least squares estimators, weighted least squares estimators,Cramer-von-Mises estimators, Anderson-Darling estimators and right tailed Anderson-Darling estimatorsÂ  are calculated.The fitness capability of this model has been investigatedÂ  by fitting this model and others based on real data sets. The maximum likelihoodÂ  estimators areÂ  assessed with simulatedÂ  real data from proposed model. We present the simulation in order to test validity of maximum likelihood estimators.
On some properties of Generalized Transmuted Kumaraswamy distribution
Authors: Ishaq Aliyu Ismail , Usman Abubakar , Musa Tasiu , Agboola Samson
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTThis articles introduces a new lifetime model called the generalized transmuted Kumaraswamy distribution which extends the Kumaraswamy distribution from the family proposed by Nofal et al., (2017). We provide hazard and survival functions of the proposed distribution. The statistical properties of the proposed model are provided and the method of Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) was proposed in estimating its parameters.
The Alpha-Beta Skew Generalized t Distribution: Properties and Applications
Authors: Lak Fazlollah , Alizadeh Morad , Monfared Mohammad Esmaeil Dehghan , Esmaeili Hamid
Published: December 2019

n this paper, we propose a new distribution, namely alpha-beta-skew generalized tdistribution. The proposed distribution is really flxible and includes as special modelsÂ some important distributions like Normal, t-student, Cauchy and etc as its marginalÂ component distributions. It features a probability density function with up to threeÂ modes. The moment generating function as well as the main moments are provided.Â Inference is based on a usual maximum-likelihood estimation approach and a smallÂ Monte Carlo simulation is conducted for studying the asymptotic properties of theÂ maximum-likelihood estimate. The usefulness of the new model is illustrated in a realÂ data
Bayesian Prediction of order statistics based on finite mixture of general class of distributions under Random Censoring
Authors: Ismail Moshira , Ismail Sanaa , Moawad Sherouk Samir
Published: December 2019

This paper focuses on the Bayesian prediction of kth ordered future observations modelled by a two-component mixture of general class of distributions. Samples under consideration are subject to random censoring. A closed form of Bayesian predictive density is obtained under a two-sample scheme. Applications to Weibull and Burr XII components are presented and comparisons with previous results are made. A numerical example is presented for special cases of the exponential and Lomax components to obtain interval prediction of first and last order statistics.
Further Increasing Fisher's Information for Parameters of Association in Accelerated Failure Time Models via Double Extreme Ranks
Authors: Samawi Hani , Helu Amal , Rochani Herash
Published: December 2019

Double Extreme Ranked Set Sampling (DERSS) was first introduced by Samawi (2002) as a modification to the well-known Ranked Set Sampling (RSS) and Extreme Ranked Set Sampling (ERSS). In this article, we provide a modification to DERSS scheme with ranking based on an easy-to-rank baseline auxiliary variable known to be associated with survival time. We show that using the modified DERSS improves the performance of the Accelerated failure time (AFT) survival model and provides a more efficient estimator of the hazard ratio than that based on their counter parts simple random sample (SRS), RSS and ERSS, which results in reducing the sample size required and hence the total cost of the study. Our theoretical and simulation studies show the superiority of using the modified DERSS for AFT survival models compared with using SRS, RSS and ERSS.Â  A numerical example based on Worcester Heart Attack Study is presented to illustrate the implementation of the DERSS.
On Hybridizations of Fourth Order Kernel of the Beta Polynomial Family.
Authors: SILOKO Israel Uzuazor , IKPOTOKIN Osayomore , SILOKO Edith Akpevwe
Published: December 2019

The usual second order nonparametric kernel estimators are of wide uses in data analysis and visualization but constrained with slow convergence rate. Higher order kernels provide a faster convergence rates and are known to be bias reducing kernels. In this paper, we propose a hybrid of the fourth order kernel which is a merger of two successive fourth order kernels and the statistical properties of these hybrid kernels were study. The results of our simulation reveals that the proposed higher order hybrid kernels outperformed their corresponding parentâ€™s kernel functions using the asymptotic mean integrated squared error.
Effect of leptin on spatial learning, memory and blood glucose level in streptozotocin induced diabetes mellitus in male wistar albino rats
Authors: Joshi Archita C. , Patel Chetna R. , Kantharia Naresh D.
Published: December 2019

Background: Diabetes mellitus is known to cause cognitive impairment that can be possibly attributed to deficient levels of leptin in diabetic animals. This study was undertaken to study the effect of administration of leptin on spatial learning, memory and blood glucose levels in diabetic rats.Methods: Rats were divided into three groups. The first group was the control group. Diabetes was induced in groups 2 and 3 by streptozotocin (STZ) injection (60 mg/kg) intraperitoneally. Group 2 received saline while group 3 received leptin (0.1 mg/kg) subcutaneously for 10 days from 4th day of STZ administration. Behavioural assessment was done in T maze after 21 days of the last injection of leptin. Blood glucose levels were also analysed.Results: The number of correct arm entries decreased while time spent being immobile and time spent to reach the correct arm increased in the diabetic group when compared to the control group and correct arm entries increased while time spent immobile and time spent to reach the correct arm decreased with leptin treatment when compared to the diabetic control rats. Blood glucose levels increased in the diabetic rats while leptin administration reduced blood glucose levels in the group 3.Conclusions: Our study suggests that leptin can improve learning and memory while also producing a slight reduction in the blood glucose levels in diabetic rats.
Models for estimating leaf area in the ‘Palmer’ mango
Authors: Santos da Silva Junior José Luiz , Rodrigues Marcos Sales , Braga Gabriella Amaral , Regis Ester Silva
Published: December 2019

Techniques for measuring leaf area are basic for evaluating plant growth in the mango. As such, the aim of this study was to determine the leaf area of the ‘Palmer’ mango using mathematical models proposed by the present study, and compare the results of the proposed models with models available in the literature for other mango cultivars. The mango leaf was simulated as a function of leaf length (L) and width (W) using two distinct geometric models: an ellipse and a rosacea petal. Models found in the literature and determined for other cultivars, were also tested. The values for leaf area were obtained using the ImageJ software and taken at their actual value; these were later compared with the values achieved by the geometric models. The models were tested for quality of prediction through cross-validation. The models proposed in the present study were not superior to the best models found in the literature. The model LA = 3.80 + 0.67 (LW) achieved the best performance, with a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 3.78%. Using only length, the best model was LA = 0.0142C2 + 6.1902C - 49.444, with a MAPE of 4.07%. The use of mathematical models proved to be a suitable option for estimating leaf area in the ‘Palmer’ mango. Moreover, the use of R2 as the only form of model quality assessment can lead to errors in choosing the best model.
Rice grass used for water phytoremediation with varying concentrations of 17α-ethinylestradiol hormone
Authors: De Paiva Alves Rayssa Thainá , Silvestre Braga Luana Aparecida , Fernandes Katiúcia Dias , De Andrade Sandro José , Da Silva Procópio Alley Michael
Published: December 2019

17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), an endocrine disruptor (ED) excreted by women and is found in contraceptive and hormone replacement pills used at menopause. An increase in EDs requires alternative means of water and sewage treatment, since these compounds threaten human health and the environment, even at trace levels. Phytotechnology stands out from other processes because it is sustainable, given that plants are used to recover the contaminated environment. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate rice grass performance in the removal of 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), and determine the effect of this hormone on the root anatomy and chlorophyll content of the species. A completely randomized design was used with 4 replications: EE2 concentration composed of 4 study treatments (420, 300, 180 and 60 μg L-1 EE2) and 2 control treatments (positive and negative). The effect of the treatments was evaluated over time (1, 7 and 15 days). EE2 removal from the solution was analyzed by HPLC. Chlorophyll was analyzed by UVvis spectrophotometry, showing that EE2 does not interfere with the photosynthetic activity of rice grass. Aerenchyma was analyzed by microphotographs of root sections, revealing a higher proportion in plants exposed to the hormone, indicating morpho-anatomical adaptations to survive in this medium. Thus, it can be concluded that rice grass has significant phytoremediation potential after 7 days’ exposure, surviving and adapting to the contaminated environment, and can be used to complement water and sewage treatments.
La excepción a la cosa juzgada en materia penal cuando se trata de indemnizaciones civiles
Authors: Coronel Leonardo Stalin , Chiriboga Anabela Nataly
Published: December 2019

Dentro del ordenamiento jurídico ecuatoriano, se evidencia la extensión de facultades de los jueces penales, sobre la base del principio de reparación integral para otorgar indemnizaciones civiles a las víctimas de ilícitos penales. En este sentido, existen inconvenientes cuando estos daños, supuestamente resarcidos, carecen de efectividad, metodología o forma correcta de cuantificación. En este sentido, la víctima queda indefensa con una errónea restitución, y aparece el problema de la cosa juzgada en sentencias penales que no cumplen su finalidad resarcitoria. Por lo tanto, es menester de este trabajo, buscar una solución a la problemática planteada, toda vez que la víctima no tiene por que soportar daños que no los ha merecido, y mucho menos soportar indemnizaciones incorrectas. Para ello se analizará la institución de la cosa juzgada y la posibilidad de dejar sin efectos sus características de inmutabilidad y definitividad. Además del aporte con otras formas de excepciones frente a la misma problemática, como son la prejudicialidad y la litispendencia.
Sobre la diminuta franja divisoria entre el habeas corpus y la acción de protección
Authors: Rivas Bayas Arturo Rafael , Guapizaca Jiménez Erick
Published: December 2019

Con la Constitución de Ecuador en 2008, se ha planteado un amplio régimen de protección para los derechos por medio de garantías jurisdiccionales. En este contexto, el principio de no devolución de categoría ius cogens puede ser protegido por el Habeas Corpus, en caso de privación de libertad o a través de la Acción de Protección (en adelante AP), cuando no haya de por medio privación de libertad y provenga de una denegación de entrada al país mediante acto administrativo. Se realiza un examen de estas garantías jurisdiccionales, profundizando en su rol de proteger a los migrantes. Primero, se aborda la no devolución en los sistemas de protección de Derechos Humanos de los cuales forma parte Ecuador y su reconocimiento en el ordenamiento jurídico ecuatoriano. Segundo, se mencionan las reglas generales aplicables a las garantías jurisdiccionales. Tercero, se aborda el Habeas Corpus, una acción garantista que no es una institución estática[1] y no se limita a tutelar un solo derecho constitucional, sino varios, entre ellos el principio examinado[2]. Cuarto, se analizará la procedencia de la AP con respecto a los actos de autoridades públicas en los que se expulse a migrantes. La AP, protege todos los derechos que no son tutelados por otra garantía[3]. Así, su alcance es bastante amplio y podría tutelar el principio examinado en cuanto existan derechos vulnerados. Quinto, las órdenes de devolución mediante actos administrativos y los mecanismos para tutelar el principio cuando la persona se encuentra dentro del territorio y aquellos que permiten su protección, previo a su ingreso y, las conclusiones. [1] Varela, Rodrigo. La racionalidad en el Hábeas Corpus para precautelar la libertad de los defensores y defensoras de Derechos Humanos, 2011. https://www.inredh.org/archivos/boletines/boletin_habeas_corpus2011.pdf.  (acceso: 11/1/2019). [2] Constitución de la República del Ecuador. Artículo 89. Registro Oficial No. 449 de 20 de octubre de 2008. [3] Eiusdem. Artículo 88.
Alcance y oportunidad del arbitraje en equidad y ex aequo et bono dentro del sistema jurídico ecuatoriano
Authors: Flores Suasnavas María Emilia , Orozco Herrera Elías David
Published: December 2019

El arbitraje en equidad, conocido también como ex aequo et bono, no ha sido desarrollado satisfactoriamente en la legislación y jurisprudencia ecuatorianas, lo que ha hecho que la doctrina plantee diversas y complejas teorías sobre su alcance y oportunidad. Dichas doctrinas no han sido sistematizadas eficientemente para llegar a un entendimiento global de la cuestión. En el arbitraje en equidad, el árbitro posee facultades discrecionales para laudar de conformidad con su leal saber y entender, noción que distintos tratadistas ecuatorianos y extranjeros han buscado limitar a lo largo de los años. Es así que el arbitraje en equidad trae una serie de interrogantes e imprecisiones que tienen asidero en su nomenclatura misma, así como en su relación con las fuentes formales del Derecho y su aplicabilidad en cuanto a la parte adjetiva del arbitraje y en la resolución de fondo del laudo.
¿Vida privada o muerte a la privacidad?
Authors: Vera Saltos María Alejandra , Vivero Andrade María Belén
Published: December 2019

La globalización ha provocado el imparable desarrollo social y, particularmente, rápidos avances de la tecnología, exponiendo y dejando en situación de vulnerabilidad, ciertas esferas de la intimidad y privacidad de las personas. Los individuos han convertido en una práctica cotidiana, de manera voluntaria o no, el revelar sus datos personales. Los datos personales, en conjunto, constituyen información valiosa dependiendo del giro de cada negocio. Esto ha provocado que la captación de datos personales se convierta en un target principal de todas las empresas. En este contexto, en Estados Unidos o en la Unión Europea, la protección de los datos personales ha surgido como una respuesta jurídica, frente al desarrollo tecnológico, para preservar la legítima utilización de los datos personales. A continuación, en el presente artículo se pretende dilucidar a la luz de la legislación ecuatoriana, la ambigua situación de la preservación de los datos personales en el Ecuador. Particularmente, el objetivo es enfocarse en el manejo de datos personales por parte de las empresas y esclarecer que son pocos los esfuerzos que se han realizado para proteger en este sentido a los consumidores.
Human Rights As a Protection Mechanism for the Environment
Authors: Espinoza Bautista Josselyn
Published: December 2019

The Inter-American Court of Human Rights, on November 15th of 2017, issued an Advisory Opinion on the environment and human rights. The relevance of this Opinion is reflected in the development made by the Court on state obligations in relation to the environment. The Court recognized the “undeniable relationship between the protection of the environment and the realization of other human rights.” In this virtue, this article seeks to scrutinize and synthesize the foundations of the Advisory Opinion. Finally, since advisory opinions are not binding nor obligatory for Ecuador (or any other state), this article develops an analysis on one possible solution (conventionality control) for the inclusion of the Advisory Opinion 23/17 in the Ecuadorian legal system.
¿Es el Código Orgánico del Ambiente el nuevo driver contra la conservación de la biodiversidad?
Authors: Ribadeneira Sarmiento Mónica
Published: December 2019

El Código Orgánico Ambiental fue promulgado en 2017 y debía entrar en vigencia un año después. Este artículo reseña las principales deficiencias técnicas del cuerpo legal en las materias de conservación de la biodiversidad, temas forestales, manglares, cuencas hidrográficas, y la reparación de daños ambientales.

La investigadora explica como estas deficiencias lejos de colaborar con la conservación de la biodiversidad nacional, debilitan la estructura institucional, complejizan el manejo de los recursos de la diversidad biológica y constituyen al instrumento legal en un driver contra la conservación de la biodiversidad nacional.
Incidencia de sinusitis de seno maxilar de origen odontogénico en pacientes del Hospital Metropolitano en el periodo 2011 a 2018. Estudio Retrospectivo
Authors: Túquerres Mosquera Viviana Paulina
Published: December 2019

La sinusitis maxilar es una condición patológica en la que se produce la inflamación de la membrana sinusal que recubre el seno maxilar, existen cuatro pares de senos paranasales, de los cuales los senos maxilares son los más grandes y los que se afectan con mayor frecuencia.

Las posibles etiologías comprenden condiciones locales y sistémicas que pueden subdividirse en formas agudas, subagudas y crónicas de acuerdo a su evolución, las dos primeras condiciones generalmente se producen por infecciones o causas alérgicas, la forma crónica por lo general se asocia con un origen odontogénico.

Normalmente tanto las raíces de los dientes premolares y molares maxilares están separadas del piso del seno maxilar por hueso cortical denso de un grosor variable, pero en ocasiones se encuentran separadas solo por el mucoperiostio, debido a esta disposición anatómica se puede explicar la fuente y el desarrollo de un proceso inflamatorio, y la relación existente entre el origen odontogénico y la presencia de sinusitis maxilar.

La incidencia de esta patología revela la necesidad de reconocerla como una enfermedad importante con la que tenemos que estar familiarizados para prevenirla o tratarla cuando sea necesario.
La era de la desinformación y de las noticias falsas en el ambiente político ecuatoriano de transición
Authors: Durán María Belén , Tusa Fernanda
Published: December 2019

Este artículo analiza la problemática de la desinformación y las noticias falsas en el contexto político ecuatoriano de transición. Para ello, se estructura un análisis de caso focalizado en el seguimiento de contenido de un militante del partido Alianza País (AP) y el monitoreo de su cuenta en Facebook en los meses de noviembre-diciembre de 2018. La metodología aplicada, de corte cualitativa, emplea técnicas como: análisis de contenido y etnografía virtual. En los resultados se advierte el tipo de noticias falsas utilizadas por este usuario-objeto de estudio y las temáticas recurrentes en el activismo digital del mismo. Como conclusión se considera que el fenómeno de las noticias falsas es producido conscientemente por los militantes políticos en redes sociales, cuyo activismo se basa en la defensa absoluta hacia un dogma en particular. Finalmente, se recomienda que la academia debería incluir programas de alfabetización mediática que promuevan el reconocimiento de noticias falsas y formas de denuncia desde la sociedad civil.
Performatividad y comunicación en la era de las Fake News
Authors: Castellanos Santiago
Published: December 2019

Introducción al tercer volumen de la serie monográfica #PerDebate.
MENGULIK SEJARAH MELALUI PEMANFAATAN PERPUSTAKAAN
Authors: Setyaningsih Wahyu
Published: December 2019

Sejarah tanpa dokumen tidak akan mampu ditulis. Tempat penyimpanan dokumen adalah perpustakaan. Tujuan penulisan ini adalah pertama, mengetahui pentingnya perpustakaan dalam bidang sejarah; kedua, mengetahui bentuk-bentuk pemanfaatan perpustakaan dalam bidang sejarah. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode pengumpulan data observasi, studi dokumentasi, dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian ini adalah pentingnya perpustakaan dalam bidang sejarah adalah sebagai wahana pendidikan, penelitian, pelestarian, informasi, dan rekreasi untuk meningkatkan kecerdasan dan keberdayaan bangsa. Sejarah tidak bisa dikuak manakala tidak ada dokumen atau data yang diperoleh dari perpustakaan. Bentuk-bentuk pemanfaatan perpustakaan dalam bidang sejarah adalah melalui koleksi perpustakaan. Adapun koleksi perpustakaan yang mendukung dalam penulisan sejarah yaitu karya cetak, karya noncetak, bahan grafika, dan karya dalam bentuk elektronik. Oleh karena itu, sejarah dan perpustakaan ibarat dua sisi mata angin yang tidak bisa dipisahkan.
DESEMPENHO AGRONÔMICO DA CULTURA DO MILHO A PARTIR DO USO DE SEMENTES QUIMICAMENTE TRATADAS COM FUNGICIDAS E INSETICIDAS E SUBMETIDAS A DIFERENTES CONDIÇÕES DE ARMAZENAMENTO
Authors: DE JESUS SILVA KAREN MARCELLE , VON PINHO RENZO GARCIA , DE RESENDE VON PINHO ÉDILA VILELA , DE OLIVEIRA RENATO MENDES , DOS SANTOS HELOÍSA OLIVEIRA , CAMPOS BORGES RAFAELA BEIRAL , SILVA THOMAS SIMAS , PEREIRA DIEGO DE SOUSA
Published: December 2019

RESUMO - A fim de maximizar a eficiência no processo industrial, armazenar as sementes já tratadas com fungicidase inseticidas é de grande importância. Porém, pouco se sabe sobre o resultado desta prática. Objetivou-se avaliar oefeito do tratamento químico de sementes de híbridos de milho de diferentes tamanhos, com fungicidas e inseticidas,submetidas a diferentes condições de armazenamento, sobre o desempenho da cultura em campo. Sementes doshíbridos 2B647PW, BM915 PRO e SHS4070, de formato chato (CH) e classificadas em dois tamanhos (CH20/64e CH24/64) foram tratadas com a mistura de Carbendazim + Tiram (Derosal Plus®), Deltametrina (Actellic®),Pirimifós metílico (K-obiol®) e água [tratamento padrão]. Além do tratamento padrão foram acrescentados à misturada calda tratamentos com clotianidina (Poncho®); tiametoxam (Cruizer®) e fipronil (Shelter®). Após tratadas, assementes foram submetidas a três condições de armazenamento antes de serem semeadas no verão e quatro condiçõesde armazenamento para o plantio de outono. Concluiu-se que os tratamentos químicos e as diferentes condiçõesde armazenamento não interferem na produtividade dos híbridos de milho 2B647 PW, BM915 PRO e SHS4070,independentemente do tamanho das sementes e da época de semeadura.Palavras-chave: Zea Mays, vigor de sementes, conservação, tratamento sanitário, tratamento industrial. AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF CORN CROP BY THE USEOF CHEMICALLY TREATED AND STORED SEEDSABSTRACT - In order to maximize the efficiency of the industrial process, storing the seeds already treated withfungicides and insecticides is very important. However, little is known about the outcome of this practice. The objectiveof this study was to evaluate the effect of the treatment of seeds of corn hybrids of different sizes with fungicidesand insecticides and subjected to different storage conditions, on the performance of the crop at field. Seeds of the2B647PW, BM915 PRO and SHS4070 hybrids were classified in two sizes (CH20 / 64 and CH24 / 64) and weretreated with Carbendazim + Tiram (Derosal Plus®), Deltametrin (Actellic® ), Pirimiphos methyl (K-obiol®) andwater [standard treatment]. In addition to the standard treatment, treatments with clothianidin (Poncho®) were addedto the syrup mixture; thiamethoxam (Cruizer®) and fipronil (Shelter®). After being treated the seeds were subjectedto three storage conditions before sowing in the summer and four storage conditions for the autumn planting. Asconclusion,,the chemical treatments and different storage conditions did not interfere in the productivity of hybrids ofmaize 2B647 PW, BM915 PRO and SHS4070, regardless of seed size and sowing time.Keywords: Zea mays, seed vigor, conservation, sanitary treatment, industrial treatment.
MANEJO DA ADUBAÇÃO FOSFATADA E POTÁSSICA NO CULTIVO SUCESSIVO DE MILHO E SORGO PARA SILAGEM
Authors: DA ROS CLOVIS ORLANDO , DAMIAN JUNIOR MELO , MATSUOKA MARCIA , CAMPOS GUTIÉRRI LOURENÇO , BONINI FELIPE , OLIBONE ANA JULIA , SOMAVILLA LUCINDO
Published: December 2019

RESUMO – O manejo da adubação nas culturas de sorgo e milho para a silagem com base na quantidade exportada denutrientes é uma alternativa para manter a produtividade de biomassa em áreas com teores “muito altos” dos elementosno solo. Diante disso, o trabalho teve por objetivo quantificar a reposição de P e K e a variação dos nutrientes nosolo em área de cultivo sucessivo de milho e sorgo para silagem. Foram implantados dois experimentos com cincocultivos sucessivos entre os anos de 2013 e 2016 (três cultivos de milho e dois de sorgo). O delineamento foi de blocoscasualizados, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram doses de 0, 40, 80, 120 e 160 kg ha-1 de P2O5 no experimentoI, e 0, 30, 60, 90 e 120 kg ha-1 de K2O no experimento II, aplicadas em cada cultivo. O balanço de nutrientes no sistemade cultivo de milho e sorgo indicou 95,3 kg ha-1 de P2O5 e 297,3 kg ha-1 de K2O para contrabalançar as exportações dosnutrientes, equivalendo à reposição de 5,2 kg de P2O5 e 15,7 kg de K2O por megagrama de matéria seca produzida. Ouso das doses de reposição durante cinco cultivos sucessivos das forrageiras manteve a disponibilidade de P próximoe de K acima dos teores originais na camada de 0-20 cm.Palavras-chave: Zea mays L., Sorghum bicolor L., forragem, exportação de nutrientes. MANAGEMENT OF PHOSPHATE AND POTASSIUM FERTILIZATIONIN THE SUCCESSIVE CULTIVATION OF CORN AND SORGHUM FOR SILAGEABSTRACT – Fertilization management in sorghum and corn crops for silage based on the exported amount ofnutrients is an alternative to maintain the productivity of biomass in areas with “very high” levels of the elements in thesoil. Therefore, the objective of this work was to quantify the replacement of P and K and the nutrient variation in thesoil in a successive corn and sorghum silage area. Two experiments were carried out with five successive crops from2013 to 2016 (three maize and two sorghum crops). The experiment used a randomized complete block design withfour replications. The treatments were 0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 kg ha-1 of P2O5 in the experiment I and 0, 30, 60, 90 and120 kg ha-1 K2O in the experiment II, applied to each crop. The nutrient balance in the maize and sorghum successionsystem indicated 95.3 kg ha-1 of P2O5 and 297.3 kg ha-1 of K2O to compensate the exports of nutrients, corresponding tothe need to replace 5.2 kg of P2O5 and 15.7 kg of K2O per megagram of dry matter produced. The use of replenishmentrates during five successive fodder crops maintained the availability of P near and K above the original contents in the0-20 cm layer.Keywords: Zea mays L., Sorghum bicolor L., Moench., forage, nutrient export.
Effectiveness of teacher selected strategies on students’ academic performance in mathematics, A case of form three students.
Authors: Odhiambo Dr. Nandwa Marble
Published: December 2019

Mathematics is a compulsory subject to all students. It is regarded as a career subject since anything students do after high school revolves around mathematics. Teachers of mathematics always strive to improve students’ performance in mathematics. They always make sure that they complete the syllabus to give students a chance to do better in mathematics. Despite the importance of mathematics, most students in many schools still fail mathematics Examinations. The performance over the years has been persistently very poor. The purpose of this study was to find out which of the strategies of learning mathematics improves students achievement in mathematics; individualization for Mastery approach (IMA) or completing the syllabus (CSA).This entailed the use of the two approaches in the learning of Vectors 11; a form three mathematics topic. This study investigated the relationship between the achievement of students where teachers of mathematics used Individualization for Mastery approach (IMA) and those ones where the teachers worked hard to complete the syllabus. The theoretical framework which guided this study was social constructivism theory. The study adopted a pre-test post-test non-equivalent group design. The target population for this study was all the form three students in 39 secondary schools in Mumias sub-county. Stratified random sampling was used to select schools that took part in the study. The strata were Boys’ schools, Girls’ schools and co-educational schools. From girls’ and co- education schools, the researcher randomly selected three schools from each out of 10 and 26 schools respectively, while from boys’ schools; two schools were selected using saturation sampling giving a total of eight (8) schools that participated in the study. One stream selected randomly from each sampled school took party in the study. Experimental group had a total of 126 students while the Control group had 130 students. The Control group used completing the syllabus approach (CSA) while the Experimental group used Individualization for Mastery (IMA) approach. Each group (CSA and IMA) comprised of four schools selected randomly from the eight schools. The students’ Achievement test was used to collect data. The instrument was developed basing on the objectives and given to the experts in Mathematics Education to validate. To determine the reliability of the instrument, Split half technique was employed since it involves only one testing session and it eliminates chance error. Data was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Results indicate that there is a significant difference in achievement between students who used Individualization for Mastery (IMA) approach and those who used completing the syllabus (CSA) strategy in favor of the (IMA) group.
Infección congénita por citomegalovirus: presentación de tres casos y revisión de la literatura
Authors: Fonseca-Becerra Carlos Eduardo , Rivera-Tovar Gina María
Published: December 2019

La infección perinatal más frecuente es causada por citomegalovirus (CMV), en el feto y el recién nacido esta infección es la principal causa de sordera y compromiso en el desarrollo psicomotor; el tamizaje, diagnóstico y manejo no se han protocolizado en el control prenatal. El pronóstico de estos pacientes dependerá de un manejo adecuado. Se presentan tres casos con el objetivo de revisar el diagnóstico prenatal y el manejo en el neonato.Materiales y métodos: se muestran tres casos de infección congénita por citomegalovirus diagnosticados en el Hospital Universitario Hernando Moncaleano de Neiva-Huila, centro de referencia de la región suroccidental de Colombia. Se realizó una búsqueda electrónica en las bases de datos de PudMed, Embase, Medline, Lilacs, Cochrane.Resultados: se encontraron 31 artículos, dos guías basadas en evidencia, seis revisiones sistemáticas, dos consensos de la Asociación Española de Pediatría, cuatro estudios de casos y controles, cuatro estudios de cohortes, doce revisiones narrativas, un estudio analítico de decisiones y de costos.Conclusión: el tamizaje rutinario para CMV en el control prenatal no está recomendado. Se debe hacer tamizaje en mujeres gestantes de alto riesgo. El método de tamizaje son la inmunoglobulina IgM específica y el test de avidez por IgG, si esta es baja confirma infección reciente. La prueba confirmatoria es la PCR para CMV. En recién nacidos la prueba de tamizaje es la PCR y el patrón de oro es el cultivo viral. En mujeres con infección gestacional se debe aplicar inmunoglobulina específica para protección fetal.
Preeclampsia en pacientes infértiles llevadas a inseminación homóloga y heteróloga en el Centro de Biomedicina Reproductiva del Valle - Fecundar, Cali, Colombia
Authors: Saavedra-Saavedra Jaime , Paredes-Becerra Eliana , Recalde-Losada Paola
Published: December 2019

Objetivo: determinar la incidencia y el riesgo de preeclampsia en pacientes infértiles a las que se les realizó inseminación con semen de donante o de su pareja.Materiales y métodos: cohortes históricas de pacientes a las cuales se les realizó inseminación intrauterina (IIU) homóloga o heteróloga y que lograron embarazo mayor de 20 semanas de gestación, entre enero del 2000 al 31 de diciembre del 2009 en el Centro de Biomedicina Reproductiva del Valle - Fecundar. Se excluyeron pacientes con trastornos endocrinos y metabólicos (Diabetes Mellitus, enfermedades del colágeno) o enfermedades crónicas (hipertensión arterial, trombofilias). El tamaño de la muestra fue de 155 pacientes expuestas a inseminación heteróloga y 310 a inseminación homóloga. Se evaluó la presencia preeclampsia y el resultado perinatal, así como el tipo de inseminación, edad, raza, nivel educativo, índice de masa corporal (IMC en kg/m²), indicación de la inseminación, número de ciclos previos y estrato socioeconómico. Se estimó la incidencia acumulada y se compararon las dos cohortes por medio del RR con su respectivo intervalo de confianza. Se estratificó por edad.Resultados: 428 mujeres cumplieron los criterios de selección. La incidencia de preeclampsia se presentó en un 6% (24/428), un 4% (11/264) en las IIU homólogas y 7,93% (13/164) de las IIU heterólogas. Se encontró que no hay diferencias en el riesgo de preeclampsia de acuerdo con el tipo de inseminación y al ajustar por edad RR: 1.18 (IC 95%: 0,54-2,58).Conclusiones: en la IIU heteróloga se encontró una incidencia mayor de preeclampsia. Sin embargo, no hay asociación con el desarrollo de preeclampsia.
Melanoma amelanótico primario de vagina: reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura
Authors: Houghton-Martínez María Paula , Amaya-Guío Jairo , Díaz-Cruz Luz Amparo
Published: December 2019

Objetivo: revisar el diagnóstico clínico, histológico e inmunohistoquímico; las alternativas terapéuticas y los factores que influyen en el pronóstico del melanoma amelanocítico de vagina.Materiales y métodos: se presenta el caso de una paciente de 49 años que consultó por masa vaginal de 8 cm en pared anterior de vagina, nacarada y con fondo necrótico a la Unidad de Patología Cervical y Colposcopia del Hospital de Engativá, institución de segundo nivel de complejidad que atiende pacientes de nivel socioeconómico bajo afiliados al régimen de seguridad pública. Se realizó resección amplia de la lesión. La patología quirúrgica informó melanoma fusocelular y epiteloide maligno. Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática usando las palabras clave: melanoma primario y vagina en las bases de datos Medline vía PubMed, Cochrane y Ebsco.Resultados: se encontraron 489 artículos de los cuales 31 estaban relacionados directamente con el tema, de estos se seleccionaron diez que correspondieron a nueve reportes de caso y a una revisión del tema. El diagnóstico clínico no es fácil. Las proteínas HMB45 y S100 son de gran utilidad en su identificación. La respuesta al tratamiento quirúrgico, la radioterapia y la quimioterapia es pobre. El pronóstico depende de la ploidía, la amelanosis y el índice mitótico.Conclusiones: el melanoma primario de vagina es una neoplasia rara y de mal pronóstico. Hace parte del grupo de melanomas de mucosa que tienen un origen y comportamiento biológico diferente al cutáneo. Tiene tendencia a la diseminación hematógena rápida y a recaídas locales. El tratamiento se basa en cirugía conservadora, radioterapia, quimioterapia y terapia biológica; sin embargo, su eficacia es limitada.
COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF RADIAL DISTRIBUTION TEST SYSTEMS FOR POWER SYSTEM DISTRIBUTION EDUCATION AND RESEARCH
Authors: Bouchekara H.R.E.H. , Latreche Y. , Naidu K. , Mokhlis H. , Dahalan W.M. , Javaid M.S.
Published: December 2019

A comprehensive review of existing radial distribution test systems available for power system distribution research is presented. The review can be used to establish a record of cases suitable for distribution operation and planning studies. The importance of the distribution system, the structure of the system in the grid, and various configurations of the distribution network are discussed. The primary requirement of a distribution network is highlighted to underline the important system parameters that should be considered in the design and planning stages. Various research related to the distribution network can be conducted, such as load flow algorithms, optimal incorporation of distributed generation, network reconfiguration, and optimal capacitor allocation, such as important details pertaining to each test system are given. Additional information, such as active and reactive loads and losses, minimum voltage values, and bus location with the weakest voltage values, is provided. Application of the reviewed works based on the test system is tabulated and presented. The information presented in this paper will be beneficial for future research in distribution system design and planning.
IMPROVING THE CRITERIA FOR THE EXPERTISE OF PROFESSIONAL SUITABILITY AS ONE OF THE CONDITIONS FOR CONSERVATION OF PROFESSIONAL HEALTH OF MEDICAL WORKERS
Authors: Boiko Ivan V. , Andreenko O. N. , Grebenkov S. V.
Published: December 2019

Introduction. Among medical workers, both in the Russian Federation and in foreign countries, a significant number of people with chronic diseases are identified. This problem is already noted among medical students. In such a situation, an effective system of examination of the professional fitness of medical workers is necessary. Its goal is to prevent specialists with health disorders from working in harmful and dangerous conditions, which create a real risk of progression of existing diseases. Material and methods. The authors analyzed the regulatory acts of the Russian Federation, determining the procedure for the examination of the professional working ability of medical workers. The adequacy and possible effectiveness of these acts were evaluated on the basis of the practical experience of the occupational physician. Results. The existing system of medical examinations of applicants of medical schools does not allow to assess the risk of deterioration of their health disorders in the process of possible future work. Periodically, there are situations when a student with a health disorder receives training in a medical specialty, the work in which will then be recognized as contraindicated. The current system of examination of professional fitness in a number of cases allows the adoption of obviously illogical decisions concerning medical workers. This is possible both with regard to the prohibition to perform hazardous work, as well as with regard to the permission to perform them. Conclusion. Normative acts in this area need for substantial reforms. Medical examinations of enrollees and students of medical schools should be able to determine the risk deterioration of health in the event of exposure to all harmful occupational factors typical for medical workers. The increased intensity of the labor process must be included in the list of harmful occupational factors, under the influence of which expertise is necessarily carried out for th eoccupational suitability. When employing medical workers, the examination of professional fitness should be based on a risk-oriented approach.
BIOMONITORING OF INFLUENCE OF HARMFUL CHEMICALS ON THE BASIS OF THE MODERN BIOMARKERS. LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Shilov Viktor V. , Markova O. L. , Kuznetsov A. V.
Published: December 2019

Health risk assessment for the general population and industrial workers is most commonly based on analysis related to the determination of harmful chemicals in environmental objects (air, water, soil, food). An increasing number of experts have recently been inclined to believe an approach to give no an idea of the total amount of chemical pollutants actually entering the human body, and another approach based on the biomonitoring procedure has been suggested. The aim of the work was to systematize current concepts about the classification of biomarkers, their toxicological and hygienic characteristics and the prospects for the practical use of laboratory research results in prevention of chemical etiology of diseases. Analytical review of national and foreign literature information concerning current terminology and classification of biological markers used in biomonitoring process to assess human body exposure degree to harmful environmental chemicals is submitted. The development and improvement of biomonitoring strategies, the range of studied specific biomarkers were revealed to be being widened, enhance the objectivity of risk assessment of the development of chemical etiology diseases caused by environmental pollution. At the present stage, the classification of biomarkers is represented by four types: exposure, effect, sensitivity, and “omics” for scientific research. According to chemical structure exposure biomarkers are divided into two groups: organic compounds and metals. It is suggested to use in Russia foreign experience in developing a biomonitoring system by the example of European Union countries and the United States, where there are national biomonitoring programs in which each country determines its priorities for choosing biomarkers based on assessment of public health risks, exposure levels in a particular region, toxicological characteristics, interpretability of findings, analytical feasibility, possibility of reducing exposure. Each biomarker is ranked according to its total weight score. Biological exposure limits developed by the Human Biomonitoring Commission of German Environment Agency are most often used in literature for assessment of biomonitoring findings. Taking into account foreign experience, introduction of biomonitoring strategies in Russia appears to be most reasonable as based on current social and hygienic monitoring system in Rospotrebnadzor (Federal Service for Surveillance over Consumers’ Rights Protection) institutions in cooperation with health care institutions of RF Health Ministry).
DETECTION RATE OF OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES IN PUBLIC HEALTH EMPLOYEES ACCORDING TO RESULTS OF MEDICAL INSPECTIONS
Authors: Petrukhin Nikolai N. , Boyko I. V. , Andreenko O. N. , Loginova N. N. , Grebenkov S. V.
Published: December 2019

Introduction. This article presents the results on the detection rate of occupational diseases (OD) among health workers for an 18-year period (2000-2017) in the North-West Federal District (NWFD). The purpose of the study is to study the structure and dynamics of occupational diseases in medical workers during periodic medical examinations, to assess the effectiveness of the system of periodic medical examinations (PME), and to suggest ways to improve their effectiveness. material and methods. A retrospective analysis of archival data from 2000-2017 was performed on occupational morbidity of health care workers according to the materials of the North-West Scientific Center for Hygiene and Public Health and regional centers of occupational pathology of subjects of the North-West Federal District (N = 259), the average age of the surveyed is 46.1 ± 11.8 years, of which 231 (89%) women, 28 (11%) men, 80 surveyed (30.9%) have the status of a doctor, 124 (47.9%) - nurses and 55 (21.2%) - laboratory technicians, nurses, etc. Results. During the study period from 2000 to 2017 among the medical workers of the NWFD, 259 primary OD cases were officially identified. At the same time, the effectiveness of PME in medical workers was established to be very low. More than 7.2% of patients with OD signs were identified upon the fact that the patient actively sought medical attention. Even the system of clinical examination of the working population (where there is no explicit task to actively detect the OD signs) has a performance index by 3% higher than the PME. Conclusion. The problem we have touched upon is probably related to a complex of both medical (features of the organization of the PME system) and social factors (subjective assessments of the patient with respect to the prospect of benefits or negative effects in terms of continuing their professional career after official registration of the OD) in order to establish more accurately long laborious research.
ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF HARMFUL WORKING CONDITIONS AND SMOKING ON THE HEALTH OF INDUSTRIAL WORKERS
Authors: Sorokin Gennadiy A. , Syurin S. A.
Published: December 2019

Introduction. Currently, the main influence of adverse working conditions is manifested not only by the level of occupational morbidity and injuries but by the general state of health of employed persons. Among the most significant non-occupational exposure is tobacco smoking. The aim of the study was a comparative assessment of the influence of the factor “harmful working conditions” (Fwc) and the factor “Smoking” (Fsmo) on the prevalence and rate of development of the most frequently diagnosed chronic diseases in industrial workers. Material and methods. Working conditions, medical examination data and smoking status of 2810 Apatite-nepheline and copper-Nickel miners were studied (cross section study). Population risk (PR) and its annual increase (GPR) were studied in six classes of diseases: circulatory system (CS), digestive system (DS), genitourinary system (GUS), respiratory system (RS), musculoskeletal system (MSS), skin and subcutaneous tissue (SST), nervous system (NS). Morbidity factors were characterized by the duration of their exposure: harmful working conditions - work experience not related to age and duration of smoking; non - professional factors - age of employees not related to work experience and smoking; smoking-its duration not related to age and work experience. Results. Population rates among non-smokers and smokers, in groups with the same average age and work experience, did not differ statistically, except for CS, the frequency of which is lower in smokers. It can be assumed that these data refer to “paradoxical cases” in which the Fwc effect is masked by employee turnover. In contrast to extensive indices of PR, GPR indices of the majority of classes of diseases-accurately reveal negative influence of smoking on a state of health of miners. Conclusion. 1. For quantitative comparison of negative effects on the health of workers of Fwc and Fsmo it is necessary to use indices PR of dynamics in certain experience and age groups. 2. The impact of the Fwc on the GPR is more pronounced than Fsmo for MSS, RS, NS. The influence of Fsmo exceeds a Fwc for SST, CS and DS. 3. An annual gain in the risk of chronic diseases (except MSS), not differentiated by their classes, s in smokers is by 1.6 times more than in non-smokers.