bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Defect passivation in perovskite solar cells using an amino-functionalized BODIPY fluorophore
Authors: Soultati Anastasia , Tountas Marinos , Fakharuddin Azhar , Skoulikidou Maria-Christina , Verykios Apostolis , Armadorou Konstantina-Kalliopi , Tzoganakis Nikolaos , Vidali Veroniki P. , Sakellis Ilias , Koralli Panagiota , Chochos Christos L. , Petsalakis Ioannis , Nikoloudakis Emmanouil , Palilis Leonidas C. , Filippatos Petros-Panagis , Argitis Panagiotis , Davazoglou Dimitris , Mohd Yusoff Abd. Rashid bin , Kymakis Emmanuel , Coutsolelos Athanassios G. , Vasilopoulou Maria
Published: May 2022

The presence of defects formed during the growth and crystallization of perovskite films is a limiting factor to achieve high efficiency and stability in perovskite solar cells.
Inverse design of stable spinel compounds with high optical absorption via materials genome engineering
Authors: Sun Qingde , Wei Su-Huai
Published: May 2022

Materials genome engineering and first principle calculations are used to systematically investigate the optical properties of AB2X4 (X = O, S and Se) spinel compounds and to provide insight into the design of stable candidates with high absorption coefficients.
A facile strategy to adjust SnO2/perovskite interfacial properties for high-efficiency perovskite solar cells
Authors: Tao Junlei , Yu Zhaohui , Liu Xiaoni , Xue Jingwei , Shen Jinliang , Guo Hansong , Kong Weiguang , Fu Guangsheng , Yang Shaopeng
Published: May 2022

(1) The defects were passivated and the energy levels aligned at the SnO2/perovskite interface by using EOAI. (2) A champion efficiency of 22.61% was realized for the 1.57 eV PSC and a PCE close to 20% was realized for the 1.68 eV PSC with higher stability.
Layered selenophosphate HgPSe3 single crystals: a new candidate for X-ray to visible light photodetectors
Authors: Liao Liping , Kovalska Evgeniya , Mazanek Vlastimil , Valdman Lukáš , Dekanovsky Lukáš , Bing Wu , Sedmidubský David , Luxa Jan , Huber Štěpán , Herman Artur P. , Kudrawiec Robert , Sofer Zdenek
Published: May 2022

For the first time, a broadband photodetector based on HgPSe3 crystals has been fabricated using a facile method. The HgPSe3 crystal-based detector can achieve efficient detection from X-ray to visible wavelengths range.
Monitoring osmotic pressure with a hydrogel integrated optofluidic microlaser
Authors: Jie Randall Ang , Gong Xuerui , Qiao Zhen , Chen Yu-Cheng
Published: May 2022

A method to detect osmotic pressure by analysing laser emission from hydrogel droplets encapsulated in an optical micro-resonator is demonstrated, illuminating the potential for on-chip sensing of body fluids and cellular environments.
Inflammation and serotonin deficiency in major depressive disorder: molecular docking of antidepressant and anti-inflammatory drugs to tryptophan and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenases
Authors: Dawood Shazia , Bano Samina , Badawy Abdulla A.-B.
Published: May 2022

The roles of the kynurenine pathway (KP) of tryptophan (Trp) degradation in serotonin deficiency in major depressive disorder (MDD) and the associated inflammatory state are considered in the present study. Using molecular docking in silico, we demonstrate binding of antidepressants to the crystal structure of tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) but not to indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). TDO is inhibited by a wide range of antidepressant drugs. The rapidly acting antidepressant ketamine does not dock to either enzyme but may act by inhibiting kynurenine monooxygenase thereby antagonising glutamatergic activation to normalise serotonin function. Antidepressants with anti-inflammatory properties are unlikely to act by direct inhibition of IDO but may inhibit IDO induction by lowering levels of proinflammatory cytokines in immune-activated patients. Of six anti-inflammatory drugs tested, only salicylate docks strongly to TDO and apart from celecoxib, the other five dock to IDO. TDO inhibition remains the major common property of antidepressants and TDO induction the most likely mechanism of defective serotonin synthesis in MDD. TDO inhibition and increased free Trp availability by salicylate may underpin the antidepressant effect of aspirin and distinguish it from other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The controversial findings with IDO in MDD patients with an inflammatory state can be explained by IDO induction being overridden by changes in subsequent KP enzymes influencing glutamatergic function. The pathophysiology of MDD may be underpinned by the interaction of serotonergic and glutamatergic activities.
MELD-Na Score as a Predictor of Postoperative Complications in Ventral Skull Base Surgery
Authors: Flanagan Liam S. , Choi Chris B. , Shah Vraj P. , Shah Aakash D. , Parray Aksha , Grube Jordon G. , Fang Christina H. , Baredes Soly , Eloy Jean Anderson
Published: May 2022

Objective The Model for End-stage Liver Disease-Sodium (MELD-Na) score was designed for prognosis of chronic liver disease and has been predictive of outcomes in a variety of procedures. Few studies have investigated its utility in otolaryngology. This study uses the MELD-Na score to investigate the association between liver health and ventral skull base surgical complications.

Methods The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was used to identify patients who underwent ventral skull base procedures between 2005 and 2015. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to investigate the association between elevated MELD-Na score and postoperative complications.

Results We identified 1,077 patients undergoing ventral skull base surgery with laboratory values required to calculate the MELD-Na score. The mean age was 54.2 years. The mean MELD-Na score was 7.70 (standard deviation = 2.04). Univariate analysis showed that elevated MELD-Na score was significantly associated with increased age (58.6 vs 53.8 years) and male gender (70.8 vs 46.1%). Elevated MELD-Na score was associated with increased rates of postoperative acute renal failure, transfusion, septic shock, surgical complications, and extended length of hospital stay. On multivariate analysis, associations between elevated MELD-Na and increased risk of perioperative transfusions (odds ratio [OR], 1.62; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.20–2.93; p = 0.007) and surgical complications (OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.25–2.35; p = 0.009) remained significant.

Conclusions This analysis points to an association between liver health and postoperative complications in ventral skull base surgery. Future research investigating this association is warranted.
Monitoring Approaches for a Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease Machine Learning Model
Authors: Morse Keith E. , Brown Conner , Fleming Scott , Todd Irene , Powell Austin , Russell Alton , Scheinker David , Sutherland Scott M. , Lu Jonathan , Watkins Brendan , Shah Nigam H. , Pageler Natalie M. , Palma Jonathan P.
Published: May 2022

Objective The purpose of this study is to evaluate the ability of three metrics to monitor for a reduction in performance of a chronic kidney disease (CKD) model deployed at a pediatric hospital.

Methods The CKD risk model estimates a patient's risk of developing CKD 3 to 12 months following an inpatient admission. The model was developed on a retrospective dataset of 4,879 admissions from 2014 to 2018, then run silently on 1,270 admissions from April to October, 2019. Three metrics were used to monitor its performance during the silent phase: (1) standardized mean differences (SMDs); (2) performance of a “membership model”; and (3) response distribution analysis. Observed patient outcomes for the 1,270 admissions were used to calculate prospective model performance and the ability of the three metrics to detect performance changes.

Results The deployed model had an area under the receiver-operator curve (AUROC) of 0.63 in the prospective evaluation, which was a significant decrease from an AUROC of 0.76 on retrospective data (p = 0.033). Among the three metrics, SMDs were significantly different for 66/75 (88%) of the model's input variables (p <0.05) between retrospective and deployment data. The membership model was able to discriminate between the two settings (AUROC = 0.71, p <0.0001) and the response distributions were significantly different (p <0.0001) for the two settings.

Conclusion This study suggests that the three metrics examined could provide early indication of performance deterioration in deployed models' performance.
Krieg in der Ukraine: Schwere Wunden
Authors: Kohrs Jens
Published: May 2022

Kriegsverletzte aus der Ukraine beschäftigen auch die Krankenhäuser in Deutschland zunehmend. Unfallchirurgen beraten bei der Zuordnung der Patienten auf spezialisierte Traumazentren und schulen Ärztinnen und Ärzte für die Behandlung von Kriegswunden. Gerade dafür fehlt oft die Erfahrung.
Ultrathin LED technology helps advance 6G
Authors: Johnson-Groh Mara
Published: May 2022

An approach using subwavelength vertical-structure LEDs provides a key step towards visible light communication.
Orbital projection technique to explore the materials genomes of optical susceptibilities
Authors: Li ZhenHua , Deng Shuiquan , Whangbo Myung-Hwan , Luo Hong-Gang
Published: May 2022

The development in materials science and pharmaceutics shows that there exist some key materials genomes, i.e., certain groups of atoms with specific constituents and structures, which govern the property of a series of materials based on them. To pinpoint such materials, genomes are helpful to assemble functional units and synthesize new materials and, thus, have a profound meaning. In this work, we develop an innovative method based on the idea of projecting atomic orbitals’ wavefunction, which enables us to project every physical quantity into their orbital contribution and, thus, can be widely used to identify the materials genomes of various properties. Within this framework, we derive the expressions of the projected optical susceptibilities and exhibit a paradigm of studying the corresponding materials genomes of optical properties, especially the desired nonlinear optical materials.
Limited information of impedance spectroscopy about electronic diffusion transport: The case of perovskite solar cells
Authors: Bou Agustín , Pockett Adam , Cruanyes Héctor , Raptis Dimitrios , Watson Trystan , Carnie Matthew J. , Bisquert Juan
Published: May 2022

Impedance Spectroscopy (IS) has proven to be a powerful tool for the extraction of significant electronic parameters in a wide variety of electrochemical systems, such as solar cells or electrochemical cells. However, this has not been the case with perovskite solar cells, which have the particular ionic-electronic combined transport that complicates the interpretation of experimental results due to an overlapping of different phenomena with similar characteristic frequencies. Therefore, the diffusion of electrons is indistinguishable on IS, and there appears the need to use other small perturbation experimental techniques. Here, we show that voltage-modulated measurements do not provide the same information as light-modulated techniques. We investigate the responses of perovskite solar cells to IS, Intensity-Modulated Photocurrent Spectroscopy (IMPS) and Intensity-Modulated Photovoltage Spectroscopy (IMVS). We find that the perturbations by light instead of voltage can uncover the electronic transport from other phenomena, resulting in a loop in the high-frequency region of the complex planes of the IMPS and IMVS spectra. The calculated responses are endorsed by the experimental data that reproduce the expected high frequency loops. Finally, we discuss the requirement to use a combination of small perturbation techniques for successful estimation of diffusion parameters of perovskite solar cells.
On the flow characteristics of a four square-cylinder array at a 45° incidence angle and low Re
Authors: Zhu Yunji , Zhang Shouxu
Published: May 2022

The four-cylinder model is widely applied in many engineering projects immersed in unsteady flow. However, its flow hydrodynamic characteristics are not fully understood. In the present work, the finite volume method is adopted in spatial discretization, while the SIMPLE algorithm in association with the non-iterative fractional step method is utilized to address the governing Navier–Stokes equation. Four equilaterally arranged cylinders at a flow incidence angle of 45° (α = 45°) are numerically simulated, and the corresponding Reynolds number ranges from 40 to 160. The accuracy and applicability of the numerical method employed in this investigation are verified by flow over a single cylinder. In the current work, the hydrodynamic characteristics, flow field characteristics, and structural vibration characteristics of cylinders are systematically investigated by changing the spacing ratio L/D (L/D = 1.2–4.0) and the Reynolds number. Numerical results show that the four cylinders have respective features and interaction effects. There are approximately eight wake flow patterns influenced by the spacing ratio. In addition, the numerical results also indicate that fluid dynamics are determined by flow patterns. These results can be a reference in engineering design, such as for ocean platforms with four cylindrical columns.
Variation in eucalypt bark allometry across Australia
Authors: Lawes Michael J. , Neumann Mathias
Published: May 2022

Positive bark allometry (hyperallometry), characterised by rapid early bark growth, is expected where fire selects for thicker bark to resist cambial damage and topkill. We examine this prediction for 52 Australian eucalypt species. An effective bark allometric coefficient (α) was estimated from the first segment of breakpoint regression, which included fire-affected young trees. Eucalypts presented a negative–positive bark allometry continuum. Contrary to expectation, 73% of species (n = 38) displayed negative effective bark allometry. Early rapid bark growth was observed (α = 0.92 ± 0.04, x ± s.e., n = 168 sites), but was slower than isometry and bark was thinner overall than expected. Fire type (crown-fire propensity) and net primary productivity (resource availability) most influenced bark allometry. Productive ecosystems experienced crown-fire and bark was thicker at standardised diameter (x ± s.e. = 2.04 ± 0.20 cm) than in less productive ecosystems under surface fire (x ± s.e. = 1.68 ± 0.18 cm). Bark morphology types did not differ in their stem diameter (x ± s.e. = 21.47 ± 1.06 cm) or bark thickness (x ± s.e. = 1.88 ± 0.08 cm) thresholds, representing putative stable alternative evolutionary solutions. Fundamentally, many eucalypts possess negative bark allometry with a relatively thin bark compared to non-eucalypts, because unique bark bud traces sustain post-fire resilience through epicormic resprouting. The resource allocation trade-off to thin bark v. height growth, selected by fire and resource limitation, accounts for eucalypt persistence and domination of Australia’s flammable ecosystems.
Effect of irrigation on soil physical properties on temperate pastoral farms: a regional New Zealand study
Authors: Drewry John J. , Carrick Sam , Penny Veronica , Dando John L. , Koele Nina
Published: May 2022

Context Many regions in the world have undergone rapid land use change and intensification of agricultural land, such as through irrigation expansion, upgrading irrigation systems, and changing grassland, stock, and nutrient management practices. With more intensive land use, changes to soil properties can occur, such as soil compaction and changes in soil water storage. The effects of modern sprinkler-irrigated pastoral farming on soil physical properties are not well quantified internationally, particularly for temperate climates. Aims This regional study evaluates the effect of irrigation on soil physical properties in topsoil and subsoil, under modern pastoral grazing and sprinkler irrigation, across Canterbury, New Zealand. Methods Paired sites were sampled, consisting of a spray-irrigated paddock (field) and an adjoined part of the same paddock that was dryland (unirrigated), with other management the same for each pair. Key results Under irrigation there was a shift towards a greater abundance of smaller pores. This was reflected in macroporosity and readily available water capacity being significantly lower under irrigation, while semi-available water capacity and unavailable water held below permanent wilting point both increased. Conclusions These differences reflect increased compaction under irrigated grazed pasture, particularly under dairy grazing, consistent with findings in similar studies. This study quantified changes in both the topsoil and subsoil but showed that most differences were confined to the topsoil (30 cm depth). Implications For irrigation management, our study indicates the lower readily available water capacity on irrigated pasture is significant, with farmers potentially having to irrigate more frequently. Adopting deficit irrigation could minimise impacts of compaction.
Structural convergence for tubulin binding of CPAP and vinca domain microtubule inhibitors
Authors: Campanacci Valérie , Urvoas Agathe , Ammar Khodja Liza , Aumont-Nicaise Magali , Noiray Magali , Lachkar Sylvie , Curmi Patrick A. , Minard Philippe , Gigant Benoît
Published: May 2022

Significance

Microtubules are dynamic assemblies of αβ-tubulin that are involved in key cellular functions, including cell division and intracellular transport. Microtubule dynamics is inhibited by several families of small molecules, some of which are used in oncology. The extent to which these compounds target the binding sites of cellular partners of tubulin remains poorly characterized. We show here that a region of the CPAP protein binds to the so-called vinca domain of β-tubulin in a way very similar to that of peptide-like inhibitors produced by bacteria and fungi. Therefore, our work identifies a structural convergence for tubulin binding between inhibitors and a regulator of microtubule dynamics.
Marangoni spreading and contracting three-component droplets on completely wetting surfaces
Authors: Baumgartner Dieter A. , Shiri Samira , Sinha Shayandev , Karpitschka Stefan , Cira Nate J.
Published: May 2022

Significance

The shape and dynamics of small sessile droplets are dictated by capillary forces. For liquid mixtures, evaporation adds spatio-temporal modulation to these forces that can either enhance or inhibit droplet spreading, depending on the direction of the resulting Marangoni flow. This work experimentally and numerically demonstrates the coexistence of two antagonistic Marangoni flows in a ternary mixture. Played against each other, they can choreograph a boomerang-like wetting motion: Droplets initially rapidly spread, then contract into a compact cap shape. While such a behavior has been impossible in wetting scenarios of simple liquids, it enables spread–retract–remove surface processing with the addition of a single small liquid volume, demonstrated here in a surface-cleaning experiment.
Distinct roles of the Na
+
binding sites in the allosteric coupling mechanism of the glutamate transporter homolog, Glt
Ph
Authors: Riederer Erika A. , Moënne-Loccoz Pierre , Valiyaveetil Francis I.
Published: May 2022

Significance

Glutamate transporters harness ionic gradients present across the membrane for the rapid removal of glutamate from the synaptic space. Normal function of glutamate transporters is required for efficient synaptic transmission and preventing excitotoxicity. Central to the transport mechanism is the coupled binding of Na
+
and the substrate. While structural studies have identified the Na
+
and the substrate binding sites, the mechanism by which Na
+
and substrate binding is coupled is not known. In this study, we developed assays to monitor Na
+
binding and to track key conformational changes in Glt
Ph
, an archaeal homolog of glutamate transporters. We use these assays along with previously developed assays to describe the specific roles of the Na
+
sites in the coupling mechanism.
Mobilization of innate and adaptive antitumor immune responses by the RNP-targeting antibody ATRC-101
Authors: Scholz Alexander , DeFalco Jeff , Leung Yvonne , Aydin Iraz T. , Czupalla Cathrin J. , Cao Wei , Santos Daniel , Vad Nikhil , Lippow Shaun M. , Baia Gilson , Harbell Michael , Sapugay Judevin , Zhang Danhui , Wu Dai-Chen , Wechsler Erin , Ye Anne Z. , Wu Jenny W. , Peng Xiao , Vivian John , Kaplan Hargita , Collins Rodney , Nguyen Ngan , Whidden Mark , Kim Dongkyoon , Millward Carl , Benjamin Jonathan , Greenberg Norman M. , Serafini Tito A. , Emerling Daniel E. , Steinman Lawrence , Robinson William H. , Manning-Bog Amy
Published: May 2022

Significance

A target-agnostic approach that harnesses the human antitumor immune response to find potential anticancer lead antibodies and their targets was used to generate ATRC-101, an engineered version of a tumor-targeting antibody identified from a patient with non-small cell lung cancer experiencing an ongoing antitumor immune response. ATRC-101 is an antibody that targets an extracellular, tumor-specific ribonucleoprotein complex. Here, we describe the extracellular binding of this complex and antitumor activity of ATRC-101 in murine models. Preclinical data suggest a mechanism of action in which ATRC-101 activates myeloid cells of the innate immune system, leading to an adaptive immune response that yields its antitumor activity. These data have led to an ongoing phase 1 trial in patients with advanced solid tumors.
Transcriptome profiling in swine macrophages infected with African swine fever virus at single-cell resolution
Authors: Zheng Yuxuan , Li Su , Li Shi-Hua , Yu Shaoxiong , Wang Qihui , Zhang Kehui , Qu Liang , Sun Yuan , Bi Yuhai , Tang Fuchou , Qiu Hua-Ji , Gao George F.
Published: May 2022

Significance

African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes a severe and highly contagious disease in pigs and wild boars, but no commercial vaccines or antivirals are available currently. Understanding the mutual antagonism between virus and host factors during ASFV infection may facilitate the development of new vaccines and antivirals. Our work profiled transcriptomes of swine macrophages infected with ASFV through single-cell RNA-sequencing technology. Identified dynamic transcriptome events of viral genes provide molecular characteristics of ASFV during infection. Moreover, virus–host interactions imply the regulation pathway of viral replication in host cells, which may guide research on antiviral strategies and dissection of ASFV pathogenesis.
Acat1/Soat1
knockout extends the mutant
Npc1
mouse lifespan and ameliorates functional deficiencies in multiple organelles of mutant cells
Authors: Rogers Maximillian A. , Chang Catherine C. Y. , Maue Robert A. , Melton Elaina M. , Peden Andrew A. , Garver William S. , Lee Junghoon , Schroen Peter , Huang Mitchell , Chang Ta-Yuan
Published: May 2022

Significance

Niemann-Pick type C disease (NPCD) is an incurable genetic neurological disorder. Cells with NPC mutations fail to export cholesterol from endosomal organelle to multiple other organelles. ACAT1 is an enzyme that converts cholesterol to cholesteryl esters for storage. In mutant NPC cells, cholesterol storage still occurs, although at reduced rate. Here we show that in mutant NPC cells, ACAT1 blockade (A1B) decreases cholesterol storage such that it can be utilized to fulfill cholesterol needs in multiple organelles. In mutant NPC1 mice,
Acat1
gene knockout reduces pathological onset and prolongs the lifespan by 34%. This work identifies ACAT1 as a target to treat NPCD and may help to explain why A1B has been reported to ameliorate preclinical models for Alzheimer’s disease.
Highly textured TiN ceramic prepared by edge-free spark plasma sintering
Authors: Wang Shengkai , Ge Bangzhi , Hu Jiabin , Xie Wenqi , Liu Yi , Xu Shunjian , Shi Zhongqi
Published: May 2022

Highly textured TiN ceramic was successfully prepared by edge-free spark plasma sintering (EFSPS) method at 1600°C using anisotropic Ti2AlN cylinder as preform. The phase and crystalline evolutions from anisotropic Ti2AlN to textured bulk TiN were revealed via changing the EFSPS temperature. The orientation degree of the as-fabricated TiN ceramic was evaluated by X-ray diffraction and electron backscattered diffraction. It was found that the lll planes of TiN grains were perpendicular to the SPS-loading direction and the Lotgering orientation factor on the top surface of bulk TiN was as high as f( lll) = 0.88. Because of the highly textured microstructure, the obtained TiN ceramic exhibited anisotropic mechanical and physical properties.
The electroplating process of zinc–nickel system under perpendicular magnetic field from chloride bath
Authors: Benachour Naima , Chouchane Sabiha , Chopart Jean-Paul
Published: May 2022

An investigation of the magnetic flux effect with an intensity of up to 1 T on the electroplating of Zn–Ni alloys was performed, taking into consideration the resistance and configuration of the electrode surface. Significant changes in the potential deposition, composition, and morphology were observed under perpendicular magnetic flux within the presence of NH4Cl. Additionally, the obtained results indicate that the magnetic flux supports the desorption of hydrogen. The chemical composition of the deposited alloys was found to be more affected by the magnetic field in the presence of NH4Cl. In particular, the nickel content increased to 20% under B = 1 T. X-ray patterns revealed a γ-Ni5Zn21 and pure zinc phases. The morphology was also explored and discussed.
Updated soil to fruit concentration ratios for radiocaesium compiled under the IAEA MODARIA II Programme
Authors: Doering C , Carini F , Sato M , Howard BJ , Harbottle AR , Brown J , Twining J , Velasco H
Published: May 2022

Under the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Modelling and Data for Radiological Impact Assessments (MODARIA II) Programme, Working Group 4 activities included collating radionuclide transfer data from Japan following the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident and separately collating concentration ratio (CR) data for root uptake of radionuclides by crops grown in tropical and arid climates. In this paper, the newly compiled radiocaesium CR data for fruit from Japan, tropical and arid climates have been combined with the data originally compiled for the IAEA Technical Reports Series No. 472 (TRS 472) and additional data identified from the literature to produce an enhanced MODARIA II dataset of fruit radiocaesium CR values. Statistical analysis of the MODARIA II dataset by climate class (based on the Köppen–Geiger climate classification) indicated that the CR values for tropical climates were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those for arid, temperate and cold climates. Statistical analysis of the MODARIA II dataset by soil group (based on soil texture) indicated that the CR values for coral sand soil (tropical climates only) and organic soil (temperate climates only) were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those for the clay, loam and sand soil groups. Statistical analysis of the MODARIA II dataset by plant group (based on plant morphology) indicated that the CR values for non-woody trees (tropical climate bias) were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those for herbaceous plants, shrubs and woody trees. Comparison of the MODARIA II dataset with original TRS 472 values showed only small changes in the fruit radiocaesium CR values for herbaceous plants and shrubs in temperate climates. There was a decrease in the CR values for woody trees in temperate climate across all soil groups. There was also a decrease in the CR values for tropical climates for all comparable soil groups.
Optimized BaZrO3 nanorod density in YBa2Cu3O

6+x

matrix for high field applications
Authors: Aye Moe Moe , Rivasto Elmeri , Rijckaert Hannes , Palonen Heikki , Huhtinen Hannu , Van Driessche Isabel , Paturi Petriina
Published: May 2022

To maximize the flux pinning in high-temperature superconductor (HTS) thin film applications, we have experimentally studied the effect of BaZrO3 (BZO) nanorod density within the YBa2Cu3O

6
+
x

(YBCO) lattice. Even though the BZO decreases the self-field critical current density

J

c

(
0
)

and the absolute

J

c

(
B
)

at high fields is observed being the highest for 4% BZO doped YBCO, the maximized pinning property is observed at the level of 10% of BZO, when the distance between the outer edge of the nanorods is in the order of the diameter of the nanorod. In general, as also theoretically calculated, the flux pinning is increased even above 10% of BZO, but the improvement is limited by disturbance of the nanorod growth, weakening the flux pinning and decreasing the absolute

J

c

drastically. The results evidently show that by maximizing the flux pinning using higher BZO doping concentration than earlier expected and taking care of the maximum self-field

J

c

(
0
)

, which is strongly dependent on the electron mean free path, would offer the keys to resolve the challenges in the future HTS power applications.
Deep learning method for identifying mass composition of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays
Authors: Kalashev O. , Kharuk I. , Kuznetsov M. , Rubtsov G. , Sako T. , Tsunesada Y. , Zhezher Ya.
Published: May 2022

We introduce a novel method for identifying the mass composition of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays using deep learning. The key idea of the method is to use a chain of two neural networks. The first network predicts the type of a primary particle for individual events, while the second infers the mass composition of an ensemble of events. We apply this method to the Monte-Carlo data for the Telescope Array Surface Detectors readings, on which it yields an unprecedented low error of 7% for 4-component approximation. We also discuss the problems of applying the developed method to the experimental data, and the way they can be resolved.
How does soil water content influence permafrost evolution on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau under climate warming?
Authors: Ji Fang , Fan Linfeng , Kuang Xingxing , Li Xin , Cao Bin , Cheng Guodong , Yao Yingying , Zheng Chunmiao
Published: May 2022

The active layer thickness (ALT) in permafrost regions regulates hydrological cycles, water sustainability, and ecosystem functions in the cryosphere and is extremely sensitive to climate change. Previous studies often focused on the impacts of rising temperature on the ALT, while the roles of soil water content and soil granularity have rarely been investigated. Here, we incorporate alterations of soil water contents in soil thermal properties across various soil granularities and assess spatiotemporal ALT dynamics on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP). The regional average ALT on the QTP is projected to be nearly 4 m by 2100. Our results indicate that soil wetting decelerates the active layer thickening in response to warming, while latent heat exerts stronger control on ALTs than thermal conductivity does. Under similar warming conditions, active layers thicken faster in coarse soils than in fine soils. An important ramification of this study is that neglecting soil wetting may cause overestimations of active layer thickening on the QTP.
Added value of assimilating springtime Arctic sea ice concentration in summer-fall climate predictions
Authors: Acosta Navarro J C , García-Serrano J , Lapin V , Ortega P
Published: May 2022

Prediction skill of continental climate in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) midlatitudes is generally limited throughout the year in dynamical seasonal forecast systems. Such limitations narrow the range of possible applications by different stakeholders. Improving the predictive capacity in these regions has been a challenging task. Sea ice is a central component of the Arctic climate system and a local source of climate predictability, yet its state is often not fully constrained in dynamical forecast systems. Using the EC-Earth3 climate model, we study the added value of assimilating observed Arctic sea ice concentration on the NH extratropical climate in retrospective forecasts of summer and fall, initialized every spring over 1992–2019. Predictions in the North Atlantic and Eurasia benefit from better initialization of sea ice in the Atlantic sector of the Arctic in a two-step mechanism. Initially, sea ice influences the central North Atlantic Ocean through an atmospheric bridge that develops in the first forecast weeks, subsequently leading to preserved skill in the sea surface temperatures (SSTs) throughout summer and early fall. Secondly, these long-lasting SST improvements provide better surface boundary conditions for the atmosphere and lead to more skillful predictions of circulation and surface climate in the Euro-Atlantic and Asian regions. In addition, our findings suggest that fully coupled ocean-atmosphere-sea ice models are likely necessary to study linkages between Arctic sea ice and midlatitudes, by better representing the interactions and feedbacks between the different components of the climate system.
A low cost, easy-to-assemble, open-source modular mobile sampler design for thermal desorption analysis of breath and environmental VOCs
Authors: Chew Bradley S , Pimentel Contreras Raquel , McCartney Mitchell M , Borras Eva , Kenyon Nicholas J , Davis Cristina E
Published: May 2022

Exhaled breath vapor contains hundreds of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which are the byproducts of health and disease metabolism, and they have clinical and diagnostic potential. Simultaneous collection of breath VOCs and background environmental VOCs is important to ensure analyses eliminate exogenous compounds from clinical studies. We present a mobile sampling system to extract gaseous VOCs onto commercially available sorbent-packed thermal desorption tubes. The sampler can be connected to a number of commonly available disposable and reusable sampling bags, in the case of this study, a Tedlar bag containing a breath sample. Alternatively, the inlet can be left open to directly sample room or environmental air when obtaining a background VOC sample. The system contains a screen for the operator to input a desired sample volume. A needle valve allows the operator to control the sample flow rate, which operates with an accuracy of −1.52 ± 0.63% of the desired rate, and consistently generated that rate with 0.12 ± 0.06% error across repeated measures. A flow pump, flow sensor and microcontroller allow volumetric sampling, as opposed to timed sampling, with 0.06 ± 0.06% accuracy in the volume extracted. Four samplers were compared by sampling a standard chemical mixture, which resulted in 6.4 ± 4.7% error across all four replicate modular samplers to extract a given VOC. The samplers were deployed in a clinical setting to collect breath and background/environmental samples, including patients with active SARS-CoV-2 infections, and the device could easily move between rooms and can undergo required disinfection protocols to prevent transmission of pathogens on the case exterior. All components required for assembly are detailed and are made publicly available for non-commercial use, including the microcontroller software. We demonstrate the device collects volatile compounds, including use of chemical standards, and background and breath samples in real use conditions.
Determination of Sub-District Indicators in Surabaya City based on the SMART Concept
Authors: Siswanto V K , Pamungkas A , Umilia E , Aini S D
Published: May 2022

Performance indicators of 31 sub-districts in Surabaya are still the same and are not yet fully accountable (SMART). It is very important to prepare SMART performance indicators so that it is expected that existing sub-district funds can be used effectively and efficiently. There are three analyses that will be conducted to achieve the research objectives, among others, by looking for programs and activities that can be carried out by the sub-district government based on the Decree of the Ministry of Internal Affairs No. 50 of 2020 that produces 4 programs, and 9 sub-prgrams selected to be carried out by the sub-district government. After that, Focus Group Discussion with the City government was carried out to find out the thematic potential of 31 sub-districts in Surabaya city as material for the preparation of subdistrict indicators and produced 6 sub-district themes. The last stage is to synchronize thematic sub-district programs and activities with the Regional Medium Term Development Plan (RPJMD) of Surabaya City. This is done so that the resulting activity indicators are in accordance with the direction of surabaya development in the next 5 years.
The local factors: The initiative of a well-informed and experienced community into the inclusive community-fire resilience plan
Authors: Sukwai J , Srinurak N
Published: May 2022

The unprecedented crisis of the COVID-19 has informed cities to enhance capacity building of local communities and disaster preparedness. However, an effective plan requires knowledge of a well-informed and experienced community in association with specific factors. In this study, we proposed a new perspective to look into the local factors: community-based planning, well-informed and experienced community, the inclusion of the local community in decision making, taking action on disaster preparedness, and local democracy in dealing with the community’s issues. Thus, the well-informed community members were involved in a participatory event applying the Geographical Information System (GIS) to facilitate knowledge exchange, assess risks, and locate the most vulnerable in the benefits of initiative fire prevention plan for the Meuntoom community, Chiang Mai province, Thailand. The results reveal both vulnerability and capacity that we later used to integrate into the community initiative plan. This research contributes by helping the community address what needs to be improved and which sectors need to work together. The overall results have highlighted opportunities to engage local communities and their knowledge in community-resilient plans, indicating that the outcome to be useful as a starting point for initiative plans for other incoming issues.
Assessment of liveability on settlements developed by informal land subdividers in Gunung Anyar and Rungkut Districts, Surabaya
Authors: Siagian L D T , Stefanugroho P K , Nisa Z , Septanaya I D M F , Ariastita P G
Published: May 2022

Acts of settlement development conducted by informal land subdividers were performed without following the existing regulatory framework, leading to uninhabitable settlements. In actuality, settlements ideally are obliged to provide a comfortable space where liveability is the form in which accomplishment is rated. For this reason, this study assessed the liveability of the settlements developed by the informal land subdividers in Gunung Anyar and Rungkut Districts, Surabaya. The study set two objectives, namely formulating the criteria of liveability as well as assessing the level of liveability on settlements developed by the informal land subdividers by means of; 1) conducting interviews with three experts and using quantitative content analysis, and; 2) interviewing inhabiting residents and using gap analysis and Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA). From the 27 criteria assessed in this study, there is no criterion that is rated satisfactory for said residents, signifying that said settlements are unliveable. When viewed through the Customers Satisfaction Index (CSI), the liveability of said settlements is included in the fair category. Based on the results of the mapping of criteria in the Cartesian IPA quadrant, there are eight criteria which become the main priority for improving performance.
Spatial analysis of health facility service coverage in handling of COVID-19 patients in the area Surabaya City Settlement
Authors: Kurniawati U F , Nurlaela Siti , Susetyo C , Firmansyah F
Published: May 2022

Settlements in the city of Surabaya are growing rapidly along with the increasing number of residents in the city of Surabaya. Since the COVID-19 pandemic, the population in the city of Surabaya has decreased. The city of Surabaya is included in the top 10 districts/cities with the highest cumulative number of deaths and the highest death rate per 100 thousand inhabitants. The widespread use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and technological developments in obtaining, recording, and collecting spatial data can be utilized to solve current problems. The purpose of this study is to develop a geographic information system for the coverage of health facilities for residential areas in the city of Surabaya. The first stage is to identify the location points for the distribution of COVID-19 health facilities and residential areas, analyze the reach of COVID-19 health facility services, and analyze the service coverage of settlements to the services of COVID-19 health facilities. The method used in this research is spatial analysis using the Multiple Ring Buffer method. The output is the service covergae of settlements to hospitals is divided into two categories, namely the medium category by 98% and the distant category by 2%. Meanwhile, for the housing service covergae of the health community centre is 100% in the medium category.
Role of government and society in urban innovation system: A case study from Indonesia
Authors: Sutriadi R , Fahmi F Z , Arifianto A , Muttaqin F I
Published: May 2022

Government innovation at the regional level needs to be encouraged to stimulate regional development. Technology can help drive the innovation process and organizational change. The innovation process involves interactive learning to create and disseminate knowledge. Positive impacts are also obtained from the success of this innovation, not only for local governments but also for the society. This paper aims to identify how local government innovation encourages urban innovation in the context of the Global South. We perform a case study to represent the digitalized innovation, namely Surakarta City. The data were collected from the Innovation Government Awards (IGA) organized by the Ministry of Home Affairs and interviews with the local governments. The analysis was conducted using qualitative methods which resulted in a typology of local government innovation in Indonesia at the city level. This paper shows the ideas of good governance, as revealed by local government innovation awards. In addition, there are role of actors in initiating the creation of new knowledge, imitating ideas, and socializing them to make government performance more effective.
Investigation of surface roughness and material removal rate of WEDM of SS304 using ANOVA and regression models
Authors: Srinivasan D , Ganesh N , D Jafrey Daniel James , Ramakrishnan H , Balasundaram R , Sanjeevi R , Pandiyan G Karthik , Kumar G Sathish , Chandran Mohanraj
Published: May 2022

Use of machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) to analyze the complex interdependencies of production dataset has gained momentum in recent years. Machine learning and predictive algorithms are now used by manufacturers to fine-tune the quality of their products. WEDM of SS304 with process parameters such as pulse-on-time (Ton), pulse-off-time (T off), current (I), and voltage (V) was varied to study the effect of machining parameters such as Material Removal Rate (MRR) and surface roughness. Experiments were planned and executed according to the L’9 orthogonal array. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was utilized to study the machined surface. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to determine the input and output significance. ANOVA results revealed that V (81.85%) and Toff (77.75%) for surface roughness. Further to determine the relationship between variables, various regression models based on machine learning was tested. The effectiveness of the regression models were tested. From their output it was concluded that the multilayer perception model had the highest correlation coefficient (0.999) for MRR while for surface roughness it was (0.995).
Copper fiber reinforced needle-coke/carbon composite for pantograph slide and its current-carrying wear performance
Authors: Li Meng , Ren Boyong , Wu Wei , Jiang Ke , Zhang Jiamin , Xu Enze , Liu Junwu , Zhong Honghai , Tong Guoqing , Jiang Yang
Published: May 2022

Copper fiber reinforced needle-coke/carbon (CF-NC/C) composites with different copper fiber contents have been successfully developed for urban rail pantograph slide block. The mechanical properties of needle coke samples containing 0 wt%, 4 wt%, 8 wt%, 12 wt% and 16 wt% were examined separately. It is found that the presence of needle coke with high aspect ratio, strength and electrical conductivity can greatly improves the physical properties of the pure carbon matrix. Therefore, we have obtained a novel carbon matrix composite. It is also revealed that the optimized CF-NC/C with 5 wt% copper fibers (CF-NC/C-5) composite has outstanding mechanical properties, current-carrying friction wear properties. The density, resistivity, and impact strength of the CF-NC/C-5 composite are 1.8788 g cm−3, 35.18 μΩ·m, 0.16 J cm−2, respectively. In current-carrying friction wear tests (0 A, 5 A, 10 A and 15 A), the CF-NC/C-5 shows an optimum friction wear performance. To avoid agglomeration of copper fibers, the copper fibers are added innovatively during the rolling process and uniformly distributed in the carbon matrix under the tangential force of rolling, which exhibits an improved effect on reinforcing the NC/C composites. Our results greatly advance the development of the needle-coke/carbon composite, which makes the new CF-NC/C composite an ideal candidate for sliding plate material with excellent properties.
Dynamic development model for long gap discharge streamer-leader system based on fractal theory
Authors: GENG Jianghai , WANG Quansheng , Liu Xiaomin , WANG Ping , LYU Fangcheng , DING Yujian
Published: May 2022

Establishing a long air gap discharge model considering the streamer-leader transition and randomness of the discharge path is of great significance to improve the accuracy of discharge characteristic prediction and optimize external insulation design. Based on fractal theory and thermal ionization theory of streamer-leader transition, this work establishes a dynamic development model for the long air gap discharge streamer-leader system, which includes streamer inception, streamer development, leader inception, development of streamer-leader system and final jump. The positive discharge process of a 3 m rod plate is simulated to obtain the fractal distribution of the discharge path and the law of leader development for comparison with the discharge test results. The results show that the simulation model is similar to test results in the development characteristics of leader path distribution, each stage time and leader velocity. Finally, a simulation calculation of a 50% breakdown voltage of the rod-plate gap and ball-plate gap is carried out, with results fairly consistent with test data, proving the effectiveness and practicality of the model.