bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Counselling of the Surgical Patient: Opinion of Caregivers
Authors: Ijah Rex Friday Ogoronte A. , Aaron Friday E. , Dimoko Alexander A. , Dayi Joy O. , Wichendu Promise N. , Eleke Ebimie M.
Published: April 2022

Aim: The aim of this study was to ascertain the opinion of caregivers on counselling of the surgical patient in tertiary healthcare facilities in Port Harcourt in the months of May and June 2020.

Background: The care of the surgical patient partly requires that an informed consent be obtained before a therapeutic or diagnostic surgical objective is accomplished. Surgical counselling should therefore alleviate the fears of patients and relatives on intended surgery and anesthesia and prepare patient for possible postsurgical deficits.

Materials and Methods: All surgical caregivers available at the point in time who gave their consent were recruited for this cross-sectional descriptive study carried out in the wards and specialist surgical out-patient clinics of Teaching Hospitals in Port Harcourt, Nigeria between the months of May and June 2020 using semi-structured questionnaires. Data obtained was analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0.

Results: Although 89.8% of respondents affirmed communicating information on the nature and purpose of the treatment to patients, only 161 (56.7%), 158 (55.6%), 156 (54.9%), and 156 (54.9%) responded in the affirmative to discussing the involved risks, potential benefits, available alternatives and the effects of non-treatment respectively. Lack of adequate time for consultation was considered a hinderance by 230 (81.0%) respondents.

Conclusion: The challenge most asserted as a hinderance to surgical patients’ counselling was short patient contact time during counselling sessions. The overstretched tertiary health facilities can be decongested if efforts are made by governments to ensure optimum function of the health centers.
Distributed Denial of Service Attacks on Cloud Computing Environment‎
Authors: Aziz Israa T. , Abdulqadder Ihsan H. , Jawad Thakwan A.
Published: April 2022

This paper aimed to identify the various kinds of distributed denial of service attacks (DDoS) attacks, their destructive capabilities, and most of all, how best these issues could be counter attacked and resolved for the benefit of all stakeholders along the cloud continuum, preferably as permanent solutions. A compilation of the various types of DDoS is done, their strike capabilities and most of all, how best cloud computing environment issues could be addressed and resolved for the benefit of all stakeholders along the cloud continuum. The key challenges against effective DDoS defense mechanism are also explored.
Quién(es) decide(n) la IVE. Nuevos contextos y viejos argumentos en el campo jurídico
Authors: Cano Julieta Evangelina
Published: April 2022

En este trabajo me propongo reflexionar sobre las presentaciones judiciales que implican una obturación a los derechos (no) reproductivos de las mujeres y personas con capacidad de gestar durante 2021, luego de aprobada la Ley de Interrupción Voluntaria del Embarazo (IVE) en diciembre de 2020. En este sentido, analizo desde la teoría desarrollada por los feminismos jurídicos, una presentación en La Rioja realizada por la expareja de una mujer embarazada que interpuso una acción de amparo para evitar el acceso a la IVE, y una presentación en Mar del Plata en donde se decretó la suspensión de la aplicabilidad de la ley IVE en el fuero federal. Estos dos procedentes, aparecen en línea con aquel de CABA que solicita el cese de la crioconservación de embriones, y que es denegada por la Cámara Civil, declarando que los embriones no implantados ostentan una calidad de seres humanos que el ordenamiento jurídico debe proteger. La pregunta que subyace es la que el movimiento feminista y de mujeres se viene haciendo desde la recuperación de la democracia en nuestro país: ¿quién(es), y con qué argumentos, deciden sobre los cuerpos y proyectos de vida de las mujeres?.
Podobieństwo glebowego banku nasion i aktualnego zachwaszczenia łanu pszenicy ozimej w różnych systemach produkcji rolnej
Authors: FELEDYN-SZEWCZYK BEATA , DUER IRENA
Published: April 2022

The aim of the research was a comparison of soil seed bank, formed by the influence of different crop production systems (organic, integrated, conventional and monoculture of winter wheat) with weed infestation in the winter wheat. The study was conducted at the Experimental Station of the Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation – State Research Institute in Osiny (Lublin province), where these crop production systems, characterised by different crop rotations and agricultural practices, have been compared since 1994. The assessment included the analysis of weed species composition and the number of weeds in winter wheat cultivated in different crop production systems as well as the weed seed stock in the 0–20 cm soil layer under winter wheat. The soil seed bank and winter wheat infestation was analysed using ecological indices: Shannon's diversity index (H') and Simpson's dominance index (SI). 

The number of weed seed species in the soil was higher than the number of weed species in a winter wheat canopy in all compared systems. The difference between the number of species in a canopy and in the soil was the smallest in the organic system. The monoculture of winter wheat was characterised by the lowest diversity of weed flora and soil seed bank. Shannon and Simpson indices showed the bigger similarity between soil seed bank and weed infestation in the organic system and the lowest in conventional one and monoculture. Small differences of species number in weed seed stock in the compared systems and the narrow ranges of Shannon and Simpson indices suggest smaller dynamics of change of soil seed bank than weed flora.
Oddziaływanie wapnowania i nawożenia różnymi formami azotu na zawartość ruchomych form i mineralnych frakcji fosforu w glebie
Authors: BEDNAREK WIESŁAW , RESZKA RENATA
Published: April 2022

The aim of the experiment was agrochemical evaluation of the influence of liming and fertilization with ammonium or nitrate nitrogen on the content of available forms and mineral fractions of phosphorus in soil. The content of  available phosphorus was determined in distilled water, acid sodium carbonate and according to Egner-Riehm method. The mineral fractions of phosphorus were determined according to Chang and Jackson method with modifications according to Askinazi, Ginzburg and Lebiedewa. The obtained results indicated that the greatest increase of available phosphorus was caused by fertilization with superphosphate at higher levels. The application of liming influenced the increase of available phosphorus in soil. The effect of fertilization with various nitrogen forms and nitrogen levels on the content of available phosphorus was not significant. Liming as well as fertilization with calcium nitrate caused the increase of easily soluble fraction in the soil. The content of aluminum phosphates was higher in treatments with lower pH values. The content of calcium phosphates was the highest in treatments limed and fertilized with calcium nitrate at a higher rate.
Zapas diaspor chwastów w glebie rędzinowej w stanowisku po pszenżycie jarym
Authors: WOŹNIAK ANDRZEJ
Published: April 2022

The objects of the studiem were soil sampies taken from a field experiment carried out at the Experlmental Farm of Uhrusk belonging to the Agricultural University in Lublin. Those sampies were taken in 2000 after the harvest of spring triticale sown in a field experiment after potato, sowing peas and after triticale. It was shown that the greatest number of weed diaspores in the soil after the harvest of spring triticale occurred in the site where it was sown after triticale, while a smaller number by 29.7–31.3% – after potato aJld peas. Significantly more diaspores were stored in a 1–1 cm soillayer, wbile less by 30.2-33.6% in the layers of 0–1 and 10–25 cm. In the site where spring triticale was sown after potato, the most numerous were the folliwjg diaspores: Chenopodium album, Amaranthus retrojlexus, Stellaria media, Galium aparine, Viola arvensis and Fallopia convolvulus. On the plots after peas the diaspore bank was formed by the foliowing: Chenopodium album, Stellaria media, Amaranthus retrojlexus, Avena fatua and Fallopia concolvulus. In the site after triticale the most numerous were, Viola arvensis, Stellaria media, Chenopodium album, Avena tatua, FalloPia convolvulus, Galium aparine and Amaranthus retrojlexus.
Wpływ sposobu zagospodarowania pól na zapas diaspor chwastów w glebie
Authors: WOJCIECHOWSKI WIESŁAW , SOWIŃSKI JÓZEF
Published: April 2022

The purpose of the study was the analysis of the weed seed bank depending on different methods of field management. The effects of different methods of galega fallow was estimated biomass cutting and removing from field (D, F), without cut down and removing (C, E), compared was estimated with grassland fallow (B) and cultivation land (A) on the weed seed bank. Galega fallow as well as grassland fallow reduced the weed seed bank. Better results were achieved when galega biomass was cut down and removed from the field. The number of weed species on cultivation field was higher than on fallow land, Spergula arvensis, Galinsoga parviflora and Chenopodium album are the dominating species. On fallow the dominating Spergula arvensis, Chenopodium album are characterize by good adaptation and longevities. Despite a higher weed species structure on the cultivating field mainly 3 weed species dominated (approximately 90% of all weed seeds). On fallow (depending on management) from 5 to 9 species constistuted the same percentage of weed seed bank.
Analiza komponentów plonu pszenicy ozimej w zależności od sposobu uprawy roli w warunkach wczesnych siewów
Authors: Weber Ryszard
Published: April 2022

Celem pracy była analiza wpływu wybranych komponentów plonu na plon odmian pszenicy ozimej w zależności od sposobu uprawy roli w warunkach wczesnego siewu. Badania przeprowadzono w latach 2004–2006 w Rolniczym Zakładzie Doświadczalnym Instytutu Uprawy Nawożenia i Gleboznawstwa w Jelczu-Laskowicach na glebie kompleksu żytniego dobrego. W badaniach zastosowano dwa systemy uprawy roli, uprawę płużną – konwencjonalną i bezpłużną – uproszczoną uprawę. Wyniki badań dotyczą plonów odmian pszenicy ozimej Finezja, Rywalka, Kobiera, Satyna, Bogatka i Zawisza. Z każdego poletka powierzchni 30 m2 wydzielono po 2 obiekty o powierzchni 15 m2, w obrębie których oceniano plon ziarna, liczbę kłosów na 1 m2, wysokość roślin, liczbę i masę ziarna z kłosa oraz masę tysiąca ziaren. Wpływ komponentów plonu na plonowanie pszenicy ozimej w warunkach dwóch skrajnych sposobów uprawy roli oce-niano metodą analizy ścieżek. Na podstawie przeprowadzonej analizy można stwierdzić, że w środowisku zarówno uprawy uproszczonej, jak i uprawy płużnej znaczący wpływ na kształto-wanie plonu odmian pszenicy wywarły masa ziarna i liczba ziaren z kłosa. Istotne korelacje mię-dzy wymienionym komponentami plonu wskazują, że składowe te należy rozpatrywać łącznie w celu określenia ich wpływu na plon ziarna w warunkach uprawy uproszczonej i płużnej przy stosowaniu wczesnych i rozrzedzonych siewów odmian pszenicy.
Zmiany w morfologii Chenopodium album w warunkach stosowania metrybuzyny i mieszanki metrybuzyny z sulfosulfuronem, rimsulfuronem i fluazyfopem w uprawie ziemniaka
Authors: Barbaś Piotr
Published: April 2022

Wyniki badań oparto na doświadczeniu polowym przeprowadzonym w latach 2005–2006 w zakładzie doświadczalnym IHAR w Jadwisinie na glebie piaszczysto-gliniastej, kompleksu żytniego dobrego. Eksperyment przeprowadzono w układzie bloków zrandomizowanych (losowanych) w 4 powtórzeniach. Obiektem doświadczalnym była średnio wczesna odmiana Irga. Metribuzin stosowano w formie preparatu Sencor 70 WG, sulfosulfuron – w postaci preparatu Apyros 75 WG; rimsulfuron – w formie herbicydu Titus 25 WG; fluazyfop – w postaci preparatu Fusilade Forte 150 EC. Badano tempo uszkodzeń roślin Chenopodium album pod wpływem stosowanych substancji aktywnych herbicydów. Największe tempo uszkodzeń tego gatunku wystąpiło w obiektach, gdzie stosowano mieszaninę substancji: metribuzin + sulfosulfuron, aplikowanych po wschodach rośliny uprawnej.
Influence of liming and mineral fertilization on the content of available forms of magnesium and potassium in soil
Authors: Bednarek Wiesław , Reszka Renata
Published: April 2022

The influence of liming and fertilization with various nitrogen forms on the content of available forms of magnesium and potassium was determined in a two-year pot experiment. The factors of the study were liming, fertilization with two nitrogen forms at two levels and fertilization with phosphorus at two doses. Spring barley was harvested at its full maturity. The content of available magnesium was significantly related to liming and fertilization with various nitrogen forms. The application of calcium carbonate and the nitrate form of nitrogen led to the decrease of available magnesium concentration in soil. Differentiated rates of phosphorus and nitrogen were not the significant factors modifying the available magnesium content in soil. Liming and the applied form of nitrogen had the greatest effect on the content of available potassium in soil. Calcium carbonate as well as calcium nitrate contributed to the significant decrease of analyzed element concentration. A similar effect was caused by the application of increased rates of phosphorus.
Plejotropowe efekty genów Ppd-A1 na plon i jego komponenty w liniach rekombinacyjnych pszenicy zwyczajnej (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. Mercia w warunkach Polski
Authors: Kowalczyk Krzysztof , Miazga Danuta , Worland Anthony J. , Jakubczak Agnieszka
Published: April 2022

W pracy badano linie rekombinacyjne odmiany Mercia z genami niewrażliwości na fotoperiod (Ppd-A1) oraz formy kontrolne wrażliwe na długość dnia (ppd-A1). Doświadczenie przeprowadzono w Gospodarstwie Doświadczalnym w Czesławicach. Analizowano liczbę dni od 1 maja do pełni kłoszenia, wysokość roślin, liczbę kłosków w kłosie, liczbę ziarniaków w kłosie, ciężar ziarniaków z kłosa, masę 1000 ziarniaków, płodność kłoska, plon ziarna z poletka oraz oceniono porażenie przez choroby. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań stwierdzono, że geny Ppd-A1 istotnie wpływały na przyspieszenie terminu kłoszenia roślin. W trzyletnich badaniach wykazano, że rośliny linii rekombinacyjnych, zawierających geny Ppd-A1 były niższe w porów-naniu z roślinami linii kontrolnych (ppd-A1). Wartości analizowanych cech ilościowych, a także porażenie przez choroby w liniach rekombinacyjnych oraz w formach kontrolnych były zbliżone.
Ocena tradycyjnego i zintegrowanego stosowania płynnych agrochemikaliów w uprawie pszenicy ozimej
Authors: Sztuder Helena , Strączyński Stanisław
Published: April 2022

W badaniach porównywano tradycyjne i łączne stosowanie mineralnych nawozów azotowych (saletra amonowa, mocznik, RSM) i środków ochrony roślin (pełna i obniżona dawka) poprzez określenie skutków ich oddziaływania w kryteriach produkcyjnych, ekologicznych i ekonomicznych. Plony ziarna pszenicy ozimej były zróżnicowane w zależności od rodzaju i techniki aplikacji nawozów azotowych. Dolistne stosowanie azotu w formie wodnego roztworu mocznika istotnie zwiększało plony ziarna pszenicy ozimej i przyczyniło się do zmniejszenia zawartości mineralnych form azotu w glebie. Natomiast zarówno obniżona dawka środków ochrony roślin stosowana tradycyjnie, jak i łącznie z nawozami płynnymi nie wpływała na wielkość plonu. Metoda zintegrowanego stosowania agrochemikaliów (nawozy + środki ochrony roślin) w prowadzonych badaniach była bardziej opłacalna w stosunku do tradycyjnej.
Wpływ dokarmiania dolistnego azotem, molibdenem, sacharozą i benzyloadeniną na zawartość kadmu, żelaza, manganu, ołowiu i cynku w rzodkiewce
Authors: Smoleń Sylwester
Published: April 2022

Rzodkiewkę ‘Opolanka’ uprawiano w latach 2006–2007 w pojemnikach o wymiarach 60 × 40 × 20 cm wypełnionych glebą gliniastą, umieszczonych na terenie otwartym pod cieniówką. Dwukrotnie dokarmiano dolistnie rośliny następującymi roztworami: 1 – kontrola (oprysk wodą), 2 – mocznik, 3 – mocznik + Mo, 4 – mocznik + Mo + BA, 5 – mocznik + Mo + BA + sacharoza, 6 – BA i 7 – sacharoza. Zastosowano następujące stężenia składników: mocznik 20 g·dm–3, sacharoza 10 g·dm–3, molibden 1 mg·dm–3, benzyloadenina 5 mg·dm–3. Dokarmianie dolistne w istotny sposób wpłynęło na zawartość Cd, nie miało wpływu na zawartość Fe, Mn, Pb i Zn w rzodkiewce. Opryskiwanie roślin samą benzyloadeniną oraz samą sacharozą powodowało istotne obniżenie zawartości Cd w rzodkiewce w stosunku do kontroli. W pozostałych obiektach zwartość kadmu w rzodkiewce kształtowała się na podobnym poziomie jak w kontroli.
The effect of foliar application of Ekolist fertilizer on maize yielding and chemical composition
Authors: Kulczycki Grzegorz , Januszkiewicz Rafał , Jachymczak Artur
Published: April 2022

A pot experiment was conducted in Wagner-type pots of 5 kg soil capacity. The medium used for the investigation was light loam containing 22% of silt and clay. The plant subjected to testing was Blask variety of maize collected in caryopsis milk stage. The experimental scheme involved foliar application of Ekolist fertilizers: Mikro K, Mono Zn and Mono B within the frames of two levels of N fertilization 0.8 g (N1) and 1,6 g ( N2) per one pot as well as control object without foliar fertilizer used. The research showed that foliar application of Ekolist fertilizers at a lower nitrogen dose did not significantly affect the increase of maize dry matter yield in com-parison to control object. Fertilization with a higher nitrogen dose by foliar application of Ekolist Mono Zn and Ekolist Mono B fertilizers did significantly affect the increase in dry matter yield of maize in comparison to the control object. The highest content of microelements applied (Zn and B) was found in leaves and stems of maize for foliar application of Ekolist Mono and the mean content of analyzed microelements in aboveground parts of maize was higher with N-1 nitrogen dose in comparison to a higher nitrogen dose N-2.
E-commerce and its limits in the context of the consumer protection:
the case of the Slovak Republic
Authors: PERÁČEK Tomáš
Published: April 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic and lockdowns resulted in an unusual increase in
electronic commerce not only in the conditions of the Slovak Republic. This fact also causes
many unanswered questions in business practice, which bother entrepreneurs in ecommerce, especially in the context of consumer protection. The main goal of the article is
to examine the current possibilities of electronic commerce in the conditions of the Slovak
Republic and especially its limits in the context of consumer protection as a weaker part.
Determining the goal of a scientific studye conceived in this way responds to the current
practical problems in the business practice. Due to the nature of the researched topic, we
have applied analysis, synthesis as well as comparison of legal regulations in the processing
of this issue. However, in addition to the mentioned scientific methods of research, we also
used scientific literature, case law and analogy of the law. In our scientific article, we strive
for qualified answers to the needs of business practice. In conclusion, we critically point out
the application problems we have identified and we proposed legislation.
Internet Use and Internet Addiction in the Context of Foreign Language Reading Comprehension
Authors:   Constantine The Philosopher University, Gadusova Zdenka
Published: April 2022

The variable Internet use belongs not only to the social phenomena of the present, which cause changes in reading comprehension in a foreign language, but also to the research problem of perception of literacy and foreign language text comprehension in the context of the variable Internet addiction and its consequences on students’ thinking and skills.
Yksitoista hyvää käytäntöä datapalveluiden markkinoinnissa
Authors: Ala-Kyyny Juuso
Published: April 2022

Avoimen tieteen kansallisessa koordinaatiossa esiteltiin syksyn aikana Tutkijan datapalvelujen markkinointi -työryhmässä laadittuja hyviä käytäntöjä. Tässä artikkelissa esitellään niiden lyhennelmät, laajemmat kuvaukset löytyvät Avointiede.fi-sivulta. Käytännöt on jaettu kuuteen kokonaisuuteen (pilariin), jotka tieteellisten kirjastojen LIBERin tutkimusdatanhallinnan työryhmä (Boserup Thestrup et al 2020) on määritellyt ja joita tieto asiantuntija Mari Elisa Kuusniemi on omassa yhteenvedossaan hyödyntänyt.
Rinnakkaistallennuksen edistämisen keinoja yliopistokirjastoissa
Authors: Holopainen Mika , Ikonen Arto , Kananen Jukka , Katvala Mari , Linna Anna-Kaarina
Published: April 2022

Julkaisujen rinnakkaistallennus on yksi tärkeä keino tieteellisen tiedon tuomisessa kaikkien kiinnostuneiden ulottuville. Rinnakkaistallennukseen on Suomessa viime vuosina panostettu yhä enemmän. Tässä artikkelissa kuvataan erilaisia keinoja, joilla rinnakkaistallenteiden määrää on lisätty kirjoittajien edustamissa yliopistokirjastoissa.
Uutisia lyhyesti
Authors: Toimitus Signumin
Published: April 2022

Ajankohtaisia tieteellisten kirjastojen uutisia.
THE POTENTIAL CIBERANG RIVER ANALYSIS FOR DRINKING WATER SUPPLY DEVELOPMENT OF BANTEN PROVINCE
Authors: Mulyawati Ira , Salami Indah Rachmatiah Siti , Sabar Arwin , Marselina Mariana , Nasir Hernita
Published: April 2022

Aim: This study was aimed to analyze the potential of water sources in the Ciberang River to support drinking water supply system of Banten Province. Methodology and results: The method use to analyze the potential of Ciberang river is a hydrological statistical analysis. The results of the hydrological statistical analysis show that the water resources of the Ciberang River are not sufficient to meet domestic and industrial water needs in Banten Province. Domestic and industrial water demand in Banten Province in 2025 is estimated at 14.64 m3/s and 10.46 m3/s, respectively, while the mainstay discharge with the return period of 10 and 20 year for all durations does not meet these water needs. The mainstay discharge of the Ciberang River with a 10-year return period of 1, 2, 7, 15 and 30 day respectively was 0.08 m3/s, 0.1 m3/s, 0.19 m3/s, 0.36 m3/s, and 0.87 m3/s. The mainstays of the 20-year return period of 1,2,7,15 and 30 day respectively are 0.04 m3/s, 0.06 m3/s, 0.11 m3/s, 0.23 m3/s and 0.59 m3/s. Conclusion, significance, and impact study: Based on this, it is necessary to conserve water resources to increase the main flow of the Ciberang River. One of the strategic policies to increase the river's mainstay discharge is constructing the reservoir.
SOLID WASTE ANALYSIS AND PROCESSING POTENTIAL IN THE TOURISM SECTOR: CASE STUDY IN NUSA DUA, SOUTH KUTA, BALI
Authors: Widyarsana I Made Wahyu , Priyanka Made Ayu , Devianto Lahur Akbar
Published: April 2022

Aims: The study of waste generation and composition in 6 types of tourism facility in Nusa Dua is carried out to analyze the waste processing potential and determine a proper waste management needed for tourism areas. Methodology and results: The primary data collection methods including field observations for existing waste separation, sampling of waste generation and composition at source, interviews with the facility’s management and characteristics of certain types of waste. Meanwhile, secondary data of waste generation and composition for hotels and the mall is acquired from waste collection services in Nusa Dua and previous studies for typical facilities. Nusa Dua produces around 11 tons of waste per day with hotels being the highest contributor of waste compared to other tourism facilities. The waste produced in Nusa Dua comprises around 70% of organic waste including food and yard waste and the remaining 30% includes paper, plastic, glass, metal, and other waste. Conclusion, significance and impact study: Aside from maximizing waste processing, Nusa Dua should execute campaigns to support the government’s regulation regarding the ban on styrofoam products, plastic bags, and plastic straws which gradually will reduce the amount of non-recyclable waste produced by the area.
Doação de leite humano por mães de crianças menores de três anos em uma comunidade carente no nordeste do Brasil
Authors: Veiga Rita de Cássia da Rocha , Caminha Maria de Fátima Costa , Silva Suzana Lins da , Corrêa Thais de Albuquerque , Belo Janaina Natália Alves de Lima , Farias Luana Cristina Queiroz , Lustosa Tacyanne Fischer , Cruz Daniella Bandim , Freitas Déborah Lemos , Batista Filho Malaquias
Published: April 2022

Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência, fatores associados e principais motivos à doação de leite humano em mães de crianças menores de três anos em uma comunidade carente do nordeste do Brasil. Métodos: Estudo transversal, aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa, CAAE 07246912.6.0000.5201, cuja coleta de dados ocorreu através de entrevistas com mães de crianças menores de três anos cadastradas nas unidades de saúde da família no período de julho/outubro de 2015. Análise realizada no Stata versão 12.1, e os fatores associados através do Teste Qui Quadrado de Pearson, considerando para fins estatísticos o valor p < 0,5. Resultados: Participaram do estudo 306 mães de menores de três anos, com residência fixa em duas comunidades. A frequência de doação foi de 16%, destacando o excesso de leite e solidariedade como principais motivos. As variáveis que evidenciaram associação com a prática de doação de leite humano foram mães que haviam concluído o ensino médio (p=0,022) e a prematuridade (p = 0,003). Conclusão: Mães de filhos prematuros e que tinham concluído o ensino médio foram mais propensas a doação do leite humano na comunidade estudada.
On the assessment of environmental risks from air pollution in the Arctic zone under a changing climate in the ХХI century
Authors:   A.M.Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, Makosko A.A. , Matesheva A.V. ,   A.M.Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: April 2022

The article formulates a methodological approach to assessing environmental risks from atmospheric pollution in the Arctic zone under a changing climate. It is based on the US EPA’s health risk assessment methodology and impurity concentration estimates by solving the adjoint equation for impurities transport and diffusion. The authors investigate the dynamics of health risk from atmospheric pollution PM10, PM2.5 in the areas of five arctic cities due to emissions from potential nearby and remote sources (including sources of transboundary pollution) in 1980—2050 taking into account various scenarios of climate change. The results indicate general tendency towards an increase in the danger of air pollution for humans in the forecast period until 2050 against the background of climate changes. The authors study the spatio-temporal dynamics in the location areas of PM10, PM2.5 sources that create the highest health risk in relation to Arkhangelsk. The results show the moderate narrowing of the high-risk zone in the first quarter of the XXI century and some upward trend in risk in the second quarter of this century. In the period up to 2050, the main impact on public health in the Arkhangelsk region is expected from emission sources located in the west and southwest. At the same time, the authors prove a tendency towards an increase in the influence of sources located in the southwestern and southern directions. In case of transboundary pollution, sources in the Scandinavian states, Baltics, the countries of Eastern and Central Europe, Ukraine and Belarus pose a danger. The results are important to develop proposals for ensuring the environmental safety in Arctic when planning the spatial development of the Russian Arctic zone and other country territories.
ASPECT OF INCLUSIVE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS IN KINDERGARTEN IN BULGARIA
Authors:   Technical University-Sofia, Daneva Marlena Yordanova , Nikolova Marina Koleva ,   Technical University-Sofia
Published: April 2022

Inclusive education has been constituted in Bulgaria with the introduction of the Law on Preschool and School Education and the relevant bylaws. This put an end to the integrative educational approach. In the period after it, the focus in education is the child, who is accepted as a person with a wide range of characteristics, not assessed as good and bad but as different. It is placed in the center of the system to be supported by it. Educational approaches, management and organization of processes, subjects, community are the changing environment in the direction of meeting the needs of the child. This is accomplished successfully, if teacher-parent trust is established. It is a prerequisite for the prevention of children dropping out of kindergarten and school afterwards. The existing mechanisms in Bulgaria for dropping out prevention as processes may have indicators of effectiveness. Such one is the number of children enrolled in kindergartens. The research draws conclusions about the inclusive process of children in kindergartens and in preparatory class.
DIGITALIZATION OF LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT IN THE CONDITIONS OF DECENTRALIZATION REFORM: THEORETICAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL ASPECTS
Authors:   Educational and Scientific Institute of Law and Innovative Education of the Dnipropetrovsk State University of Internal Affairs, Hyrenko Lilia
Published: April 2022

The article analyzes the main promising areas of digitalization of local self-government in the context of management science. It is proved that such areas are: opening public information about the activities of local selfgovernment; introduction of e-democracy technologies; digitalization of management processes in local self-government; digitalization of public services by local self-government; introduction of smart technologies into community infrastructure at various levels. The choice of priority depends on the needs and priorities of a particular community and local self-government. As the scope of digitalization widens across society at large, multilevel governance arrangements have become more complex and more consequential to the coherence, performance, and accountability. While this assertion has arguably been true for quite some time, the emergence of Covid-19 has magnified its importance. At the moment, Ukraine already has positive examples of the use of «digital» technologies. The advantages that municipal structures receive from the introduction of digital technologies in their work have been shown. The results show that there is a relationship between the degree of digitalization in a municipality and the perceived satisfaction among its citizens. The findings show that outdated laws and the culture of paper document flows were institutional barriers to the digitalization. Other barriers included non-use of an integrated system implementation approach as well as inadequate and unreliable online access for all the participating units.
Development of a Process to Prepare 2-Cyanopyrimidine on Commercial Scale
Authors: Göhring Wolfgang , Schildknecht Jürg , Federspiel Muriel
Published: April 2022

2-Chloropyrimidine is converted to 2-cyanopyrimidine under very mild conditions in nearly quantitative yield using 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane as catalyst. The development of the process for commercial batch production of 2-cyanopyrimidine regarding processing of the materials in
technical equipment, process safety, conservation, economic raw material use and work load is described.
Die Produktion von Wirkstoffen bei Roche; gestern, heute, morgen
Authors: Jermann Benno , Müller Stefan
Published: April 2022

During Roche's first 100 years, production of pharmaceutical active ingredients was a key component in the company's business. This article traces changes in manufacturing technology and methods and looks at the demands placed on pharmaceutical manufacturing today. Documents
from the company archives illustrate the development of production techniques over the past 100 years. Finally, modern production facilities and design concepts are discussed.
Study on Sulfur and Water Resistance of Marine Ruthenium Catalyst
Authors:   Beijing Key Laboratory of Regional Combined Air Pollution Control, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China, H Yan , J Li ,   Beijing Key Laboratory of Regional Combined Air Pollution Control, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China, X Fan ,   Beijing Key Laboratory of Regional Combined Air Pollution Control, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China, S Li ,   Beijing Key Laboratory of Regional Combined Air Pollution Control, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
Published: April 2022

A series of ruthenium-based catalysts were prepared by impregnation method and co-precipitation method, and applied to the catalytic oxidation of NO in the fast SCR for NOx removal in marine diesel engines. The effects of different supports and preparation methods on their catalytic activity and anti-sulfur and water-resistant properties were investigated. The Brunanuer-Emmett-Teller (BET), temperature programmed reduction (TPR) method, oxygen temperature programmed desorption (O2 -TPD) method, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to analyze and determine the specific surface area, redox performance and characterization of the samples and the dispersion of ruthenium on the surface. The modified Ru/Al-CeZr-2 catalyst had significantly improved its low temperature activity and sulfur resistance and water resistance. The activity remained around 40% with SO2 and H2 O existed for 120min. After sulfur and water cut off, the active energy recovered to 52%, which could meet the conditions of fast SCR. It provided an idea for the industrialization process of ship SCR technology.
Soot and charcoal as reservoirs of extracellular DNA
Authors: Jelavic Stanislav , Thygesen Lisbeth Garbrecht , Magnin Valerie , Findling Nathaniel , Müller Sascha , Meklesh Viktoriia , Sand Karina Krarup
Published: April 2022

The vast potential of using sediment adsorbed DNA as a window to past and present biodiversity rely on the ability of solid surfaces to adsorb environmental DNA. However, a comprehensive insight into DNA adsorption at surfaces in general is lacking. Soot and charcoal are carbonaceous materials widespread in the environment where they readily can come in contact with extracellular DNA shed from organisms. Using batch adsorption, we measured DNA adsorption capacity at soot and charcoal as a function of solution composition, time and DNA length. We observed that the adsorption capacity for DNA is highest at low pH, that it increases with solution concentration and cation valency and that the activation energy for DNA adsorption at both soot and charcoal is ~50 kJmol-1, suggesting strong binding. We demonstrate how the interaction between DNA and soot and charcoal partly occurs via terminal base pairs, suggesting that, besides electrostatic forces, hydrophobic interactions play an important role in binding. The large adsorption capacities and strong binding of DNA to soot and charcoal are features important for eDNA research and provide a motivation for use of carbonaceous materials from, e.g. anthropogenic pollution or wildfire as sources of biodiversity information.
Tunable Cysteine-Targeting Electrophilic Hetero-Aromatic Warheads Induce Ferroptosis
Authors: Karaj Endri , Sindi Shaimaa H. , Kuganesan Nishanth , Perera Lalith , Taylor William , Tillekeratne L. M. Viranga
Published: April 2022

Covalent inhibitors have historically been considered potential liabilities in medicinal chemistry. The modern era witnesses a renaissance of interest in irreversible binders. The available toolbox of electrophilic warheads is limited with constraints on tuning reactivity and selectivity. Following our initial work on a new class of ferroptotic agents termed CETZOLEs, we discovered new tunable heterocyclic electrophiles, which are capable of inducing ferroptosis. Extensive biological evaluation demonstrated that thiazoles with an alkyne electrophile at the 2-position selectively induce ferroptosis with high potency. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations and NMR kinetic studies demonstrated the ability of our heterocycles to undergo thiol addition, which appears to be a prerequisite for cytotoxicity. Chemoproteomic analysis by in-gel fluorescence and pulldown experiments indicated several potential targets, the most prominent among them being GPX4 protein. The results from the proteomic data were further validated by western blot analysis and CETSA. Incorporation of our heterocycles into appropriate pharmacophores generates highly cytotoxic agents such as the analog BCP-T. A, which demonstrated low nM IC50 values in a series of ferroptosis-sensitive cell lines.
High-voltage dilute ether electrolytes enabled by regulating interfacial structure
Authors: Wang Huwei , Zhang Jinkai , Zhang Haodong , Li Wei , Chen Ming , Guo Qing , Lau Kah Chun , Zeng Liang , Feng Guang , Zhai Dengyun , Kang Feiyu
Published: April 2022

Poor oxidation stability of ether solvents at the cathode restricts the use of dilute ether electrolytes with conventional concentrations around 1 M in high-voltage lithium metal batteries. Here we develop an anion-adsorption approach to altering the ether solvent environment within the electrical double layer (EDL) at the cathode, by adding a small amount of nitrate, so that the oxidation tolerance of nitrate-containing dilute ether electrolytes is enhanced up to 4.4 V (versus Li/Li+), leading to complete compatibility with high-voltage cathodes and exhibiting superior cycling stability. Constant-potential molecular dynamics simulations reveal that ether molecules are mostly excluded from the cathode because of nitrate occupation in the inner layer of the EDL, thus suppressing ether oxidative decomposition. This work highlights that regulating the interfacial structure by adding surface adsorbates, rather than passivating cathode-electrolyte interphase or changing ion solvation, can help to enhance the oxidation stability of ether solvents. It also provides design criteria for adsorption-type additives to achieve high-voltage dilute ether electrolytes.
Reactivities of 1,2-, 1,3-, and 1,4- Dihydroxynaphthalenes toward Electrogenerated Superoxide in N,N-Dimethylformamide through Proton-coupled Electron Transfer
Authors: Nakayama Tatsushi , Bunji Uno
Published: April 2022

We have carried out an electrochemical and theoretical study on the reactivity of 1,2-, 1,3-, and 1,4-dihydroxynaphthalenes (1nH2NQ, n = 2, 3, 4) toward electrogenerated superoxide radical anion (O2•−) in N,N-dimethylformamide. Cyclicvoltammetry and in situ electrolytic electron spin resonance measurements revealed that the quinone–hydroquinone π-conjugation plays an important role in a successful O2•− scavenging by 12H2NQ and 14H2NQ through proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) reaction. The reactivities of 12H2NQ and 14H2NQ toward O2•− were mediated by the ortho- (catechol) or para-diphenol (hydroquinone) moieties, as experimentally confirmed in comparative analyses with catechol, hydroquinone, and 13H2NQ, aided by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The electrochemical and DFT results suggested that a concerted PCET mechanism involving two-proton transfers and one-electron transfer proceeds with a superior kinetic, demonstrating a successful O2•− scavenging by 12H2NQ and 14H2NQ. Furthermore, a subsequent electron transfer between molecular dioxygen and product-naphthoquinone-radicals was observed, where O2•− was generated. The DFT analysis suggested that the spin distribution on the planar naphthalene ring embodies the superior kinetics of the PCET and the subsequent generation of O2•− from dioxygen demonstrated in the electrochemical results.
Non-metal to metal transition of magnesia supported Au clusters affects the ultrafast dissociation dynamics of adsorbed CH3Br molecules
Authors: Vaida Mihai E. , Rawal Takat B. , Bernhardt Thorsten M. , Marsh Brett M. , Rahman Talat S. , Leone Stephen R.
Published: April 2022

The detection of intermediate species and the correlation of their ultrafast dynamics with the morphology and electronic structure of a surface is crucial to fully understand and control heterogeneous photoinduced and photocatalytic reactions. In this work, the ultrafast photodissociation dynamics of CH3Br molecules adsorbed on variable size Au clusters on MgO/Mo(100) is investigated by monitoring the CH3+ transient evolution using a pump-probe technique in conjunction with surface mass spectrometry. Furthermore, extreme-ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy in combination with theoretical calculations are employed to study the electronic structure of the Au cluster on MgO/Mo(100). Changes in the ultrafast dynamics of CH3+ fragment are correlated with the electronic structure of Au as it evolves from monomers to small nonmetallic clusters to larger nanoparticles with a metallic character. This work provides a new avenue to a detailed understanding of how surface photoinduced chemical reactions are influenced by the composition and electronic structure of the surface.
Jorge Insunza Becker. Escritos políticos e ideológicos. Medio siglo de pensamiento comunista, 1960-2012, T4 T.3
Authors: Insunza Gregorio de las Heras Jorge
Published: April 2022

Jorge Insunza Becker (21 de abril de 1936-17 de marzo de 2019) fue uno de los principales dirigentes del Partido Comunista chileno desde los años 60. Ingresó a las Juventudes Comunistas en 1954. En 1962 fue promovido al Comité Central del PC y desde 1965 fue parte de su Comisión Política, aquella que encabezó el triunfo de Salvador Allende de 1970. Tras el Golpe de Estado de 1973, integró la primera dirección comunista en la clandestinidad que asumió la resistencia a la dictadura, junto a Víctor Díaz, Américo Zorrilla, Mario Zamorano y Uldarico Donaire. Con el retorno a la democracia, fue una de las principales figuras que abordó la crisis de los países socialistas y la reconstrucción de un proyecto de izquierda revolucionaria. Asimismo, tuvo un rol activo en los acuerdos que permitieron el retorno del PC al Congreso en 2010 e impulsó el pacto que le permitió a los comunistas volver al gobierno con la Presidenta Michelle Bachelet, el año 2014. Los 4 volúmenes que presentamos cubren buena parte de la extensa labor periodística y política de este destacado dirigente de la izquierda chilena. Ordenados en secuencia cronológica, los textos recogen lo principal de su elaboración intelectual desde la década de los 60 del siglo XX hasta inicios del XXI (tomos I, II, III). El tomo IV es una selección de lo más relevante de su trayectoria, facilitando la relación documental contenida en los volúmenes previos. Sin duda que, por la amplitud de la compilación realizada, el conjunto de esta obra será de enorme utilidad tanto para especialistas en historia, como para la consulta de interesadas/os en general. Finalmente, los aportes de Isabel Torres y Rolando Álvarez, ambos historiadores, contribuyen a realzar el significado de la actuación que le cupo a Jorge Insunza.
Analysis of Factors Related to The Implementation of Community Movements for Healthy Living
Authors: Kusyanti Florentina , Yulita Ima Kristina
Published: April 2022

Health is the principal capital in improving human resources because physically and mentally healthy people can think and act well. The phenomenon that occurs in Magelang Regency is a change in harmful behavior that affects human health. Many people throw their trash on the side of the access road to the hamlets around Mertoyudan. The sewers look dirty and smelly. Children often litter, spit everywhere, don't wear masks, cough or have flu, and rarely do a health check-up to health workers. All of this illustrates the behavior of people who are not healthy. This community movement program for healthy living is essential to be implemented in Mertoyudan village because the village borders the city; the aim is to accelerate promotive and preventive efforts for healthy living. This type of research is quantitative and qualitative with correlational analysis—the approach used by Cross-Sectional in the Mertoyudan village community. The data used are primary and secondary data, data collection by observation, questionnaires, and in-depth interviews. Frequency distribution data processing, Bivariate with chi-square and multivariate with regression. Characteristics of age at most >45 years old (51.52%), secondary education (51%), status Majority married (81.8%) private occupation (40.9), for univariate knowledge very good (65%) , very good attitude (56.7%), good motivation (55%), good supervision perception (55%), very good effective communication (53.3%) Germas is very good (66.7%) knowledge-germas bivariate ( p=0,000, rho=0,101), attitude-germas (p=0,033, rho=0,275), motivational-germas (p=0,001, rho=0,432), perception of supervision-germas (p=0,002, rho=0,398), Communication -germas (p = 0.052, rho = 0.150), multivariate on the value of F hating obtained a value of 1706.539 with a p-value of 0.000 so that it can be interpreted that all variables have a relationship. The highest univariate result is knowledge, with a result of 65%. For the costab value or the value of the Sparman statistical test, s the value of the highest relationship between motivation and germas is the p-value = 0.001, and the rho value is 0.432, which means that the motivation variable has a moderate relationship strength, but multivariate all variables have a relationship.
Fetal Outcomes on The Maternity Do Prenatal Gentle Yoga in Mataram
Authors: Andaruni Nurul Qamariah Rista , Amilia Rizkia , Makmun Indriyani , Harahap Ana Pujianti
Published: April 2022

Pregnancy and delivery in a mother is a process that natural. Natural process this to run smoothly needed physical activity. Yoga is physical activity have the effect of the physical individuals do yoga and helping pregnant women to reach balance lives and also prompted a good physical the baby ( fauziah l.2016 ). Research aims to understand on the fetal outcome on the maternity do prenatal gentle yoga in mataram. A method of this research is descriptive and the total sample in this research as many as 29 respondents to technique the sample used is the total the sampling method of as well as data taken using a questionnaire and a record of observation. The results showed that the fetal outcome in as a weight of a newborn infant are normal 29 respondents ( as many as 100 % ), the body length of a newborn infant all are normal respondents ( as many as 27 % 93,1 ), Asphyxia in newborn infants are categorized not asphyxia as many as 26 respondents ( 89.7 % ), the temperature of the body of the newborn categorized as normal as many as 29 respondents ( 100 % ), hemoglobin levels of a newborn infant not anemia are categorized as many as 22 respondents ( 75,9 % ). Conclusions from the results of research obtained almost all fetal outcome in a new baby seem normal. Are expected to carry out research komparasi to long duration gymnastic yoga for pregnant to see significant impact on a new baby born and the condition of pregnant mothers during pregnant.
ANALISA MANUAL STATISTIC UNTUK IDENTIFIKASI SUARA PADA AUDIO FORENSIK
Authors: Irawan Andi -
Published: April 2022

Teknologi sering digunakan dalam kasus kriminal, hal ini dibuktikan dengan ditemukannya bukti elektronik dalam kasus kriminal seperti korupsi, penipuan, pencurian, dan lainnya. Bukti yang biasa ditemukan dalam bukti digital biasanya berupa file dalam bentuk dokumen, gambar, audio, video, dan lainnya. Untuk mendapatkan bukti-bukti ini, perlu memiliki proses analisis yang berbeda di setiap karakteristik bukti digital yang ditemukan, misalnya penemuan bukti digital dalam bentuk audio harus melalui prosedur yang sesuai dengan standart operational procedur (SOP)untuk penanganan audio forensik. Bukti yang diajukan memiliki sifat yang valid, lengkap dan jelas darimana asal usulnya sehingga dapat diterima dimuka persidangan, karena diketahui bahwa kepentingan persidangan melibatkan bukti digital memerlukan saksi ahli yang kompeten dengan bidang ilmiah. Bukti digital yang ditemukan berfungsi untuk mendukung persidangan dengan menyajikan analisis bukti yang relevan secara menyeluruh dan otentik. Proses secara umum untuk menganalisis audio forensic, diperlukan sejumlah pendekatan analisis statistik yang digunakan, diantaranya analisis statistik Pitch, formant bandwith, likelihood Ratio (LR), Analisis Statistic Anova, Analisis Graphical Distribution, dan analisis Spectrogram.