bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring Step‐by‐Step Assembly of Nanoparticle:Cytochrome Biohybrid Photoanodes
Authors: Hwang Ee Taek , Orchard Katherine L. , Hojo Daisuke , Beton Joseph , Lockwood Colin W. J. , Adschiri Tadafumi , Butt Julea N. , Reisner Erwin , Jeuken Lars J. C.
Published: April 2017

Coupling light‐harvesting semiconducting nanoparticles (NPs) with redox enzymes has been shown to create artificial photosynthetic systems that hold promise for the synthesis of solar fuels. High quantum yields require efficient electron transfer from the nanoparticle to the redox protein, a property that can be difficult to control. Here, we have compared binding and electron transfer between dye‐sensitized TiO2 nanocrystals or CdS quantum dots and two decaheme cytochromes on photoanodes. The effect of NP surface chemistry was assessed by preparing NPs capped with amine or carboxylic acid functionalities. For the TiO2 nanocrystals, binding to the cytochromes was optimal when capped with a carboxylic acid ligand, whereas for the CdS QDs, better adhesion was observed for amine capped ligand shells. When using TiO2 nanocrystals, dye‐sensitized with a phosphonated bipyridine Ru(II) dye, photocurrents are observed that are dependent on the redox state of the decaheme, confirming that electrons are transferred from the TiO2 nanocrystals to the surface via the decaheme conduit. In contrast, when CdS NPs are used, photocurrents are not dependent on the redox state of the decaheme, consistent with a model in which electron transfer from CdS to the photoanode bypasses the decaheme protein. These results illustrate that although the organic shell of NPs nanoparticles crucially affects coupling with proteinaceous material, the coupling can be difficult to predict or engineer.
Reduced rate of human papillomavirus infection and genetic overtransmission of TP53 72C polymorphic variant lower cervical cancer incidence
Authors: Alsbeih Ghazi A. , Al‐Harbi Najla M. , Bin Judia Sara S. , Khoja Hatim A. , Shoukri Mohamed M. , Tulbah Asma M.
Published: April 2017

BACKGROUND

Cervical cancer is a predominantly human papillomavirus (HPV)‐driven disease worldwide. However, its incidence is unexplainably low in western Asia, including Saudi Arabia. Using this paradigm, we investigated the role of HPV infection rate and host genetic predisposition in TP53 G72C single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) presumed to affect cancer incidence.

METHODS

Patients treated between 1990 and 2012 were reviewed, and a series of 232 invasive cervical cancer cases were studied and compared with 313 matched controls without cancer. SNP was genotyped by way of direct sequencing. HPV linear array analysis was used to detect and genotype HPV in tumor samples.

RESULTS

The incidence of cervical cancer revealed bimodal peaks at 42.5 years, with a slighter rebound at 60.8 years. Among all cases, 77% were HPV‐positive and 16 HPV genotypes were detected—mostly genotypes 16 (75%) and 18 (9%)—with no difference by age, histology, or geographical region. Although the TP53 G72C genotype was not associated with overall cervical cancer risk, it was significantly associated with HPV positivity (odds ratio, 0.57; 95% confidence interval, 0.36‐0.90; P = .016). Furthermore, the variant C allele was significantly overtransmitted in the population (P < .0003).

CONCLUSION

Cervical cancer incidence displays bimodal curve peaking at a young age with secondary rebound at older age. The combination of relative low HPV infection and variant TP53 72C allele overtransmission provide a plausible explanation for the low incidence of cervical cancer in our population. Therefore, HPV screening and host SNP genotyping may provide more relevant biomarkers to gauge the risk of developing cervical cancer. Cancer 2017;123:2459–66. © 2017 The Authors. Cancer published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Cancer Society. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.
The brain of the tree pangolin (Manis tricuspis). I. General appearance of the central nervous system
Authors: Imam Aminu , Ajao Moyosore S. , Bhagwandin Adhil , Ihunwo Amadi O. , Manger Paul R.
Published: April 2017

Here, we describe the superficial appearance of the brain of the rarely studied tree pangolin. Phylogenetic analyses have placed the pangolins, order Pholidota, as a sister group to the order Carnivora. The majority of features visible on the surface of the tree pangolin brain, and its overall appearance can be described as typically mammalian. The pattern of sulci and gyri, while simple, appears very similar to that observed in carnivores. Two derived features of the Pholidota were observed, the first being the rostral decussation of the pyramidal tract, which instead of occurring at the spinomedullary junction, decussates at the level of the caudal pole of the facial nerve nucleus in the rostral medulla oblongata. This appears to be related to the need for voluntary control of the tongue, with a potentially enlarged corticobulbar tract ending in the hypoglossal nucleus. The second derived feature is the very short spinal cord, which terminates midway along the thoracic vertebrae before giving rise to a long and extensive cauda equina. This foreshortened spinal cord appears to be related to anisotropic growth of the somatic and neural elements following early development of the central nervous system. The olfactory system appears to be generally enlarged and is likely the predominant sense used in foraging. Vision and hearing do not appear specialized based on the relative size of the superior and inferior colliculi, but potential somatic specializations indicate that the somatosensory system is heavily relied upon for food consumption and prehensile tail usage.
Neuron–Material Nanointerfaces: Surface Nanotopography Governs Neuronal Differentiation and Development
Authors: Kim Hoon Kee , Kim Eunha , Jang Hongje , Kim Young‐Kwan , Kang Kyungtae
Published: April 2017

This review summarizes recent experimental results regarding the influences of surface nanotopography on stem cell differentiation into neurons and neuronal development. Collections of observations and their interpretations are provided. We specifically focus on the in vivo implications of the results, by suggesting that: (i) neural cells use their intracellular machineries to actively recognize surface nanotopography; (ii) the preferential differentiation of stem cells into neurons and the developmental acceleration of neurons occur on a range of similar nanotopographical features, implying that they have similar biological backgrounds; and (iii) surface nanotopography, therefore, is deeply involved in brain development. We believe that this review will provide biological insights to the field of nano–neuron interfaces and encourage interdisciplinary efforts capable of addressing unsolved biological problems and increasing engineering needs.
Electrocatalysis of Furfural Oxidation Coupled with H2 Evolution via Nickel‐Based Electrocatalysts in Water
Authors: Jiang Nan , Liu Xin , Dong Jinmei , You Bo , Liu Xuan , Sun Yujie
Published: April 2017

Electrocatalytic water splitting has been widely considered as a promising approach to produce clean H2. The anodic half reaction of water splitting, the O2 evolution reaction (OER), is the kinetic bottleneck of the overall process and its product O2 is not of high value. Herein, we report a novel strategy to replace OER with a thermodynamically more favorable anodic reaction, furfural oxidation to 2‐furoic acid. Furfural is one of the dehydration products of biomass and its oxidation product 2‐furoic acid has many industrial applications. A bifunctional electrocatalyst of Ni2P‐derived arrays on nickel foam (Ni2P/Ni/NF) was developed for the integrated electrocatalysis of both furfural oxidation and H2 production. When Ni2P/Ni/NF acts as the electrocatalyst for both anode and cathode, nearly 100 % Faradaic efficiencies for H2 evolution and furfural oxidation were obtained. Such an integrated electrolysis catalyzed by Ni2P/Ni/NF required an applied voltage ≈110 mV smaller than that of pure water splitting to achieve the current density of 10 mA cm−2, together with robust stability. Overall, our novel electrolyzer produced valuable products at both electrodes (H2 at cathode and 2‐furoic acid at anode) and may extend to the coupling of H2 evolution with many other valuable organic oxidation reactions.
Randomized, Blinded, Placebo‐ and Positive‐Controlled Crossover Study to Determine the Effect of Deferiprone on the QTc Interval in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Fradette Caroline , Rozova Anna , Stilman Anne , Tsang Yu Chung , Allison Mark J. , Tricta Fernando
Published: April 2017

This study evaluated whether deferiprone, an oral iron chelator, acts to prolong the QT interval. Fifty healthy volunteers received single doses of each of the following: therapeutic dose of deferiprone (33 mg/kg), supratherapeutic dose (50 mg/kg), placebo, or moxifloxacin, a positive control known to significantly prolong QT interval. Following each dose, subjects underwent cardiac monitoring, pharmacokinetics assessments, and safety assessments. Based on the QT interval obtained using the Fridericia correction for heart rate (QTcF), the upper bound of the 1‐sided 95% confidence interval of the mean difference between deferiprone and placebo was <10 milliseconds (the threshold of concern defined by authorities) at all time points for both doses: maximum difference of 3.01 milliseconds for the therapeutic dose and 5.23 milliseconds for the supratherapeutic dose. The difference in dQTcF between moxifloxacin and placebo demonstrated that the study was adequately sensitive to detect a significant prolongation of QTcF. The concentration‐response correlation analyses revealed some weak but statistically significant trends of increase in dQTcF and ddQTcF with increasing exposure to deferiprone, but these trends should have no clinical consequence even at the recommended maximum dosage. In conclusion, there was no clinically meaningful effect on QTc interval following single therapeutic or supratherapeutic doses of deferiprone.
CRISPR/Cas9‐Mediated Gene Knockout in the Mouse Brain Using In Utero Electroporation
Authors: Shinmyo Yohei , Kawasaki Hiroshi
Published: April 2017

This unit describes a highly efficient and rapid procedure for brain‐specific disruption of genes in the developing mouse brain using pX330 plasmids expressing humanized Cas9 and single‐guide RNAs (sgRNAs) against target genes. The pX330 plasmids are delivered into the rodent brain using in utero electroporation. Focusing on the Satb2 gene, which encodes an AT‐rich DNA‐binding transcription factor, we found that the introduction of pX330‐Satb2 induced insertion/deletion (indel) mutations near the predicted cleavage site in the Satb2 gene, resulting in a dramatic reduction of Satb2 expression in post‐mitotic neurons. Moreover, introduction of pX330‐Satb2 induced abnormalities in axonal projection patterns, which was consistent with the phenotypes observed in Satb2 mutant mice. Thus, the procedure described here, combining the CRISPR/Cas9 system and in utero electroporation, is useful for knocking out genes of interest in the living rodent brain. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Fluorescence Microscopy: A Concise Guide to Current Imaging Methods
Authors: Combs Christian A. , Shroff Hari
Published: April 2017

The field of fluorescence microscopy is rapidly growing and offers ever more imaging capabilities for biologists. Over the past decade, many new technologies and techniques have been developed that allow for combinations of deeper, faster, and higher resolution imaging. These have included the commercialization of many super‐resolution and light sheet fluorescence microscopy techniques. For the non‐expert, it can be difficult to match the best imaging techniques to biological questions. Picking the most appropriate imaging modality requires a basic understanding of the underlying physics governing each of them, as well as information comparing potentially competing imaging properties in the context of the sample to be imaged. To address these issues, we provide here concise descriptions of a wide range of commercially available imaging techniques from wide‐field to super‐resolution microscopy, and provide a tabular guide to aid in comparisons among them. In this manner we provide a concise guide to understanding and matching the correct imaging modality to meet research needs. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Synthesis and crystal structure of a 3‐D Ag+ coordination polymer with white‐light emission
Authors: Hu Lin‐Li , Shen Chang , Xiang Jing , Leung Chi‐Fai
Published: April 2017

Treatment of AgNO3 with a tetrazolyl ligand H2L1 afforded a 3‐D coordination polymer [Ag2(L1)]n (1). The crystal structure was determined by X‐ray crystallography and it shows that both Ag1 and Ag2 atoms in the asymmetric unit exhibit distorted tetrahedron geometries, which are modified by Ag⋯Ag interactions. The flexible methylene –CH2– linkage between tetrazolate and phenyl ring effectively reduces the steric strain in the resultant 3D‐framework. L1 exhibits an unsual coordination mode in which all nitrogen atoms in the two tetrazolato units are coordinated to the AgI centers. The luminescent property of 1 was also investigated. It exhibits multiple emission bands; the high energy emission band is assigned to the ligand‐centered π⋯π transition, while the low energy emission bands are tentatively assigned to ligand‐to‐metal charge transfer (LMCT) that are modified by Ag⋯Ag interaction. The independence of the chromaticity coordinates of 1 on the excitation wavelength also suggests that it is a potentially useful single–component white‐light‐emitting material.
The Relationship between Femininity and Sustainability Reporting
Authors: Gallén María L. , Peraita Carlos
Published: April 2017

Most research on corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure and stakeholder engagement with sustainable development has focused on the internal factors of corporations, leaving aside the characteristics of the institutional, cultural, and economic context of the country where corporations operate. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of femininity in the disclosure of sustainability information based on the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) guidelines at a developed country context. We use three measures of the CSR information disclosure by country: the GRI reports per million of inhabitants, the GRI reports application level, and the percentage of GRI reports with external assurance. The results of this study show that countries with higher femininity orientation provide a higher quantity of sustainability reports, but do not provide higher quality sustainability reports. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
The Soul of Supervision: Counselor Spirituality
Authors: Garner Curtis M. , Webb L. Kay , Chaffin Carol , Byars Allyn
Published: April 2017

Because spirituality training for counselors and supervisors is vital to counselor development, the authors examined the relationships between purpose in life, the integration of spirituality into supervision, and the supervisory working alliance among a sample of supervisors and trainees. Supervisors reported a greater sense of purpose and spiritual discussion during supervision than trainees. Trainees' personal sense of purpose was positively related to spiritual discussions with a supervisor and to an emphasis on client issues in supervision.
Differential Prediction of Resilience Among Individuals With and Without a History of Abuse
Authors: Smith Laura Bailey , Lenz A. Stephen , Strohmer Douglas
Published: April 2017

The authors evaluated the differential relationship between mutuality, hope, and spirituality for predicting resilience among 253 young adult participants (47 men, 206 women; M = 22, SD = 5.7) with a history of abuse (n = 64) and without (n = 189). Backward stepwise multiple regression analyses revealed statistically significant models in populations with a history of abuse (p < .01, R2 = .43) and those without (p < .01, R2 = .36), with no statistical difference in the variance between models (z = 0.51, p = .30). Implications for counselors are provided.
Longevity is associated with relative brain size in birds
Authors: Minias Piotr , Podlaszczuk Patrycja
Published: April 2017

Brain size of vertebrates has long been recognized to evolve in close association with basic life‐history traits, including lifespan. According to the cognitive buffer hypothesis, large brains facilitate the construction of behavioral responses against novel socioecological challenges through general cognitive processes, which should reduce mortality and increase lifespan. While the occurrence of brain size–lifespan correlation has been well documented in mammals, much less evidence exists for a robust link between brain size and longevity in birds. The aim of this study was to use phylogenetically controlled comparative approach to test for the relationship between brain size and longevity among 384 avian species from 23 orders. We used maximum lifespan and maximum reproductive lifespan as the measures of longevity and accounted for a set of possible confounding effects, such as allometry, sampling effort, geographic patterns, and life‐history components (clutch size, incubation length, and mode of development). We found that both measures of longevity positively correlated with relative (residual) brain size. We also showed that major diversification of brain size preceded diversification of longevity in avian evolution. In contrast to previous findings, the effect of brain size on longevity was consistent across lineages with different development patterns, although the relatively low strength of this correlation could likely be attributed to the ubiquity of allomaternal care associated with the altricial mode of development. Our study indicates that the positive relationship between brain size and longevity in birds may be more general than previously thought.
Does leaf litter from invasive plants contribute the same support of a stream ecosystem function as native vegetation?
Authors: Kuglerová Lenka , García Liliana , Pardo Isabel , Mottiar Yaseen , Richardson John S.
Published: April 2017

Riparian habitats are highly susceptible to invasion and the spread of non‐native plants. Many freshwater organisms and processes are dependent on allochthonous subsidies, and thus, riparian invasions are often associated with changes in aquatic ecosystems. We studied the potential effects of riparian plant invasions on instream decomposition and detritivore communities. We compared decomposition rates (k) of leaf litter from species native and invasive to coastal British Columbia, and the macroinvertebrate assemblages associated with the local and novel resource subsidy. Five native and five invasive species of riparian plants representing various growth forms (i.e., herbs, shrubs, and trees) were used in a litter bag experiment. Litter bags were distributed in stream‐side experimental channels, ensuring similarity in background environmental conditions (substrate, flow, and temperature). Compared to native litter, the k‐values of invasive plants were 2.6 times higher for herbs and 1.3 times higher for trees, while shrubs did not differ. Shrubs also decomposed significantly slower than trees and herbs. These patterns could be partially explained by the chemical properties of the litter. Throughout the whole experiment, decomposition rates were negatively related to the content of structural carbohydrates which tended to be higher in native leaves of herbs and shrubs. The k‐values also had positive relationships with nitrogen content measured in the unconditioned and conditioned litter, and invasive plant species had some of the highest values of leaf nitrogen. We found no significant relationships between decomposition rates and the lignin content of the conditioned and unconditioned leaf litter. Taxonomic richness of all aquatic macroinvertebrates and densities of all aquatic macroinvertebrates and shredders were significantly higher on the invasive litter incubated for 21 but not for 53 d. Finally, richness of shredders explained the highest proportion of the variance in decomposition rates, when compared to other biological (all macroinvertebrate densities and richness) and litter chemistry variables. Our results indicate that riparian plant invasions are associated with changes in aquatic litter decomposition; however, the direction of the change is largely dependent on litter quality and plant identity rather than growth form or exotic status.
Relationship between skeletal muscle mass and cardiac function during exercise in community‐dwelling older adults
Authors: Sugie Masamitsu , Harada Kazumasa , Takahashi Tetsuya , Nara Marina , Ishikawa Joji , Koyama Teruyuki , Kim Hunkyung , Tanaka Jun , Fujimoto Hajime , Obuchi Shuichi , von Haehling Stephan , Kyo Syunei , Ito Hideki
Published: April 2017

Aims

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between skeletal muscle mass and cardiac functional parameters in older adults during cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET).

Methods and results

Sixty‐three Japanese community‐dwelling older adults were enrolled (20 men and 43 women; mean age 80 years, range 65–97 years). Cardiac functional parameters during exercise were assessed using CPET. Skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) was calculated by dividing the appendicular lean mass (measured using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry) by height in metres squared. Subjects were divided into two groups: men with SMI ≥ 7.0 kg/m2 and women with SMI ≥ 5.4 kg/m2 (non‐sarcopenic group); or men with SMI < 7.0 kg/m2 and women with SMI < 5.4 kg/m2 (sarcopenic group). There were significant positive correlations between SMI and peak oxygen uptake (VO2) (r = 0.631, P < 0.001), and between SMI and peak VO2/heart rate (HR) (r = 0.683, P < 0.001). However, only peak VO2/HR significantly differed between groups in both sexes. Multiple linear regression analyses with peak VO2/HR as a dependent variable showed that SMI was the only independent determinant after adjusting for potential confounders. After 4 month follow‐up of 47 participants, there was still a significant positive correlation between SMI and peak VO2/HR (r = 0.567, P < 0.001), and between percent change of SMI and percent change of peak VO2/HR (r = 0.305, P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Peak VO2/HR, an index of stroke volume at peak exercise, was associated with SMI. This indicates that skeletal muscle mass might affect cardiac function during exercise.
Past, present, and future of ecological integrity assessment for fresh waters
Authors: Kuehne Lauren M , Olden Julian D , Strecker Angela L , Lawler Joshua J , Theobald David M
Published: April 2017

One of the most influential environmental laws in the US – the 1972 Clean Water Act – included the visionary objective of maintaining and restoring aquatic ecological integrity. However, the efficacy of the Act depends on how integrity is assessed. Reviewing the assessment literature for fresh waters over the past 40 years, we found evidence of methodological trends toward increased repeatability, transferability, and robustness of assessments over time. However, implementation gaps were revealed, based on the relatively weak linkages to freshwater policies, stakeholder involvement, emerging threats, and conservation opportunities. A related survey of assessment practitioners underscored the disparity between need versus availability of assessments that guide management policies. Technological changes in data collection and synthesis have clearly influenced assessments, and appear to have led to a reduced reliance on ecological response indicators and corresponding increases in stressor‐based metrics. We recommend designing assessments around specific freshwater policies and regulations to improve applicability of assessment products for management and conservation.
Antibacterial electrospun chitosan‐based nanofibers: A bacterial membrane perforator
Authors: Arkoun Mounia , Daigle France , Heuzey Marie‐Claude , Ajji Abdellah
Published: April 2017

This study investigates the antibacterial action of chitosan‐based nanofibers (CNFs) obtained by the electrospinning process on the permeability of bacterial membranes. The bactericidal efficiency of CNFs was first determined against Gram‐negative Escherichia coli and Salmonella Typhimurium, and Gram‐positive Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria innocua bacteria as a baseline. The results strongly suggest that CNFs interact with the negatively charged bacterial cell wall causing membrane rupture and inducing leakage of intracellular components among which are proteins and DNA. Results clearly indicate that the release of such components after contact with CNFs is an indication of membrane permeabilization and perforation, as pore formation was observed in transmission electron microscopy (TEM). This work suggests a plausible antibacterial mechanism of action of CNFs and also provides clear evidence in favor of chitosan as a bacterial membrane disruptor and perforator. As a result, CNFs can find promising applications as bioactive food packaging materials capable to extend shelf life of food products while inhibiting the spread of alteration flora and foodborne pathogens.
Metformin and the incidence of viral associated cancers in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Hicks Blánaid M. , Yin Hui , Sinyavskaya Liliya , Suissa Samy , Azoulay Laurent , Brassard Paul
Published: April 2017

Limited studies have associated metformin with a reduced risk of viral associated cancers, however these had a number of methodological shortcomings. This study investigated whether the use of metformin is associated with a reduced risk of viral associated cancers in patients with type 2 diabetes. A cohort of 137,754 patients newly‐prescribed non‐insulin antidiabetic drugs between January 1, 1988 and March 31, 2016 was identified from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink and followed until a first‐ever diagnosis of a viral associated cancer, death from any cause, end of registration with the practice, or March 31, 2016. Time‐varying use of metformin was compared with use of other antidiabetic drugs, with exposures lagged by one year for latency purposes. Time‐dependent Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of incident viral associated cancer with use of metformin overall, by cumulative duration of use and viral etiology. Overall, there were 424 viral associated cancers during 759,810 person‐years of follow‐up (crude rate of 5.6 per 10,000 person‐years). Metformin was not associated with a decreased rate of viral associated cancer (HR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.65–1.32). There was no evidence of a duration‐response relationship in terms of cumulative duration of use (p trend = 0.69), including with use of metformin for more than 10 years (HR 1.02, 95% CI: 0.52–1.99), or by viral etiology. In this large population‐based cohort study, the use of metformin was not associated with a reduced risk of viral associated cancer.
What Do I Say Next? Using the Third Turn to Build Productive Instructional Discussions
Authors: Ford‐Connors Evelyn , Robertson Dana A.
Published: April 2017

Research has strongly supported the role of classroom talk as a valuable teaching and learning tool. Carefully crafted teacher–student discussions that encourage broad student participation and knowledge building correlate with increased knowledge generation and higher academic achievement. To better understand classroom talk as an instructional lever, researchers have identified a number of teacher talk moves associated with increased student participation, critical reasoning, and improved comprehension of texts and content. In particular, when teachers make use of the third turn in their talk with students, they create opportunities for more productive student interactions with content and one another. This article examines how teachers use the third turn to orchestrate productive discussions, using examples based on content analysis of teacher–student discussions in classroom settings.
Is coronene better described byClar's aromatic π‐sextet model or by the AdNDP representation?
Authors: Kumar Anand , Duran Miquel , Solà Miquel
Published: April 2017

The bonding patterns in coronene are complicated and controversial as denoted by the lack of consensus of how its electronic structure should be described. Among the different proposed descriptions, the two most representative are those generated by Clar's aromatic π‐sextet and adaptative natural density partitioning (AdNDP) models. Quantum‐chemical calculations at the density functional theory level are performed to evaluate the model that gives a better representation of coronene. To this end, we analyse the molecular structure of coronene, we estimate the aromaticity of its inner and outer rings using various local aromaticity descriptors, and we assess its chemical reactivity from the study of the Diels–Alder reaction with cyclopentadiene. Results obtained are compared with those computed for naphthalene and phenanthrene. Our conclusion is that Clar's π‐sextet model provides the representation of coronene that better describes the physicochemical behavior of this molecule. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Determination of irinotecan, SN‐38 and SN‐38 glucuronide using HPLC/MS/MS: Application in a clinical pharmacokinetic and personalized medicine in colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Atasilp Chalirmporn , Chansriwong Pichai , Sirachainan Ekapob , Reungwetwattana Thanyanan , Puangpetch Apichaya , Prommas Santirhat , Sirilerttrakul Suwannee , Rerkarmnuaychoke Budsaba , Wongwaisayawan Sansanee , Sukasem Chonlaphat
Published: April 2017

Background

Irinotecan (CPT‐11) is chemotherapy used mainly in the metastatic colorectal cancer. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate the LC‐MS/MS for the simultaneous determination of CPT‐11, SN‐38, and SN‐38G.

Methods

A 100 μL of plasma was prepared after protein precipitation and analyzed on a C18 column using 0.1% acetic acid in water and 0.1% acetic acid in acetonitrile as mobile phases. The mass spectrometer worked with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) in positive scan mode. The standard curves were linear on a concentration range of 5‐10 000 ng/mL for CPT‐11, 5‐1000 ng/mL for SN‐38, and 8‐1000 ng/mL for SN‐38G.

Results

In this assay, the intra and interday precision consisted of ≤9.11% and ≤11.29% for CPT‐11, ≤8.70% and 8.31% for SN‐38, and ≤9.90 and 9.64% for SN‐38G.

Conclusion

This method was successfully used to quantify CPT‐11, SN‐38, and SN‐38G and applied to a pharmacokinetic study.
Cu+‐catalyzed 1,3‐Dipolar Intramolecular Click Opposite Cross Cyclization Reaction of Polyoxyethylene Bis(azido‐terminal alkynes): Synthesis of New 1,2,3‐Triazolo‐crown Ethers
Authors: Mekni Nejib Hussein
Published: April 2017

The Cu+ catalyzed, 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of polyoxyethylene di(azidoalkynes), yields a mixture of the polyoxyethylene 1,5‐disubstituted fused di(1,2,3‐triazole‐1,4‐oxazines) as the major product, and the 1,4‐disubstituted mono‐(1,2,3‐triazolo) azidoalkyne crown ether.
Crossing Borders: Multicultural Counseling With Puerto Rican Migrant Women
Authors: Comas‐Diaz Lillian
Published: April 2017

Puerto Rican migrant women require cultural‐specific counseling. The intersection of ethnicity, gender, culture, and sociopolitical contexts affects Puerto Rican migrant women's psychological coping and identity development. A psychology of place lens is used to discuss how numerous Puerto Rican migrant women nurture their identity development from borderlands (transfronterizas) totransboricuas(trans–Puerto Rican). A case vignette illustrates the use of a multicultural counseling approach to address Puerto Rican migrant women's psychological needs.

Las mujeres puertorriqueñas emigrantes requieren servicios de consejería culturalmente específicos. La intersección de etnicidad, sexo, cultura y contextos sociopolíticos afecta a la capacidad de afrontamiento y el desarrollo de la identidad de las mujeres puertorriqueñas emigrantes. Se usa el enfoque de la psicología de lugar para discutir cómo muchas mujeres puertorriqueñas emigrantes cultivan el desarrollo de su identidad de transfronterizas a transboricuas. Se usa la viñeta de un caso para ilustrar el uso de una aproximación multicultural a la consejería para tratar las necesidades psicológicas de las mujeres puertorriqueñas emigrantes.
Perceived Multicultural Counseling Competence of Malaysian Counselors: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Aga Mohd Jaladin Rafidah
Published: April 2017

This study investigated the nature and extent of perceived multicultural counseling competence (MCC) of 508 professional counselors in Malaysia using a national survey approach. Differences in counselors' perceived MCC pertaining to gender, ethnicity, highest education, and multicultural training were examined. Results revealed 5 factors as constituents of MCC and significant differences in perceived MCCs due to ethnicity, highest education, and participation in multicultural training. Implications for future research, counselor education, and counseling practice are discussed.

Este estudio investigó la naturaleza y la extensión de la competencia en consejería multicultural (MCC, por sus siglas en inglés) percibida de 508 consejeros profesionales en Malasia usando un enfoque de encuesta nacional. Se examinaron las diferencias en la MCC percibida de los consejeros respecto a sexo, etnicidad, nivel máximo de educación y capacitación multicultural. Los resultados revelaron 5 factores constituyentes de MCC y diferencias significativas en las MCC debido a etnicidad, nivel máximo de educación y participación en capacitación multicultural. Se discuten las implicaciones para investigaciones futuras, educación de consejeros y práctica de la consejería.
Past Peer Victimization and Current Adult Attachment in College Students
Authors: Cosgrove Heather E. , Nickerson Amanda B. , DeLucia Janice
Published: April 2017

The authors examined the potential long‐term effects of peer victimization experiences during childhood on attachment quality in current adult relationships in a sample of 386 university students attending 2 northeastern universities. Findings included (a) no significant gender differences regarding verbal or relational peer victimization; (b) significant correlations between all forms of previous victimization; and (c) previous verbal and relational victimization predicting less stable adult attachments, with verbal victimization being more significant.
Meaning in Life in College Students: Implications for College Counselors
Authors: Trevisan Dominic A. , Bass Ellyn , Powell Kevin , Eckerd Lizabeth M.
Published: April 2017

The authors examined the relationship between meaning in life and college adjustment in a sample of 96 college students. In line with previous research on meaning in life and positive psychosocial functioning measures, presence of meaning was positively correlated with adjustment, whereas searching for meaning was negatively correlated with adjustment. However, the degree to which students were actively searching for meaning moderated the relationship between presence of meaning and adjustment. Recommendations for college counseling services are discussed.
Understanding the Growing Threat of Synthetic Cannabinoids and Its Implications on University‐Based Counselors
Authors: Golubovic Nedeljko , Dew Brian J.
Published: April 2017

The rise in synthetic cannabinoid use has been one of the nation's most alarming drug‐related trends. Considering the popularity of use among young adults, college counselors are likely to be among the 1st professionals to treat clients who use these drugs. In this article, the unique aspects of synthetic cannabinoids are reviewed, implications for college counseling are explored, and a case example highlighting unique clinical concerns is provided.
Examining Conditions for Empathy in Counseling: An Exploratory Model
Authors: BAYNE HANNAH B. , HAYS DANICA G.
Published: April 2017

The authors present a new multidimensional framework for empathy through the development and analysis of the Conditions for Empathy in Counseling Scale. Exploratory factor analysis led to retention of 6 factors related to counselor conceptualization of empathic processes. The rationale, procedures, initial data, and implications for counseling are discussed.
The Phenomenological Experience of Student‐Advocates Trained as Defenders to Stop School Bullying
Authors: MIDGETT AIDA , MOODY STEVEN J. , REILLY BLAINE , LYTER SARAH
Published: April 2017

The authors investigated lived experiences of student‐advocates trained in a brief, bystander bullying intervention program to stop bullying as “defenders.” Personal values, taking perceived risks, implementation of bullying intervention strategies, and positive sense of self were core themes with a textural‐structural description that helped define students' experiences. Implications and future research are discussed.
Development of a 3D HUD using a tunable bandpass filter for wavelength multiplexing
Authors: Coni Philippe , Bardon Jean‐Luc , Gueguen Aude , Grossetête Matthieu
Published: April 2017

A 3D stereoscopic head‐up display using a tunable bandpass filter to perform left and right image spectral separation is presented. Using a single filter reduces the size and the cost of the head‐up display optical engine and enables each spectral band to be accurately tuned. Experiments performed on the first prototype demonstrate the ability to continuously tune the bandpass frequency on 30‐nm range while keeping a 20‐nm bandwidth. Such a system avoids the use of a bulky and costly rotating wheel and enables the use of holographic optical elements known to be wavelength selective.
Quantum dot light emitting devices for photomedical applications
Authors: Chen Hao , He Juan , Lanzafame Raymond , Stadler Istvan , Hamidi Hamid El , Liu Hui , Celli Jonathan , Hamblin Michael R. , Huang Yingying , Oakley Emily , Shafirstein Gal , Chung Ho‐Kyoon , Wu Shin‐Tson , Dong Yajie
Published: April 2017

While OLEDs have struggled to find a niche lighting application that can fully take advantage of their unique form factors as thin, flexible, lightweight and uniformly large‐area luminaire, photomedical researchers have been in search of low‐cost, effective illumination devices with such form factors that could facilitate widespread clinical applications of photodynamic therapy (PDT) or photobiomodulation (PBM). Although existing OLEDs with either fluorescent or phosphorescent emitters cannot achieve the required high power density at the right wavelength windows for photomedicine, the recently developed ultrabright and efficient deep red quantum dot light emitting devices (QLEDs) can nicely fit into this niche. Here, we report for the first time the in‐vitro study to demonstrate that this QLED‐based photomedical approach could increase cell metabolism over control systems for PBM and kill cancerous cells efficiently for PDT. The perspective of developing wavelength‐specific, flexible QLEDs for two critical photomedical fields (wound repair and cancer treatment) will be presented with their potential impacts summarized. The work promises to generate flexible QLED‐based light sources that could enable the widespread use and clinical acceptance of photomedical strategies including PDT and PBM.
Removal of an exotic fish influences amphibian breeding site selection
Authors: Pollard Carla J. , Stockwell Michelle P. , Bower Deborah S. , Garnham James I. , Pickett Evan J. , Darcovich Kerry , O'meara Jenny , Clulow John , Mahony Michael J.
Published: April 2017

For pond‐breeding species, the distribution of larvae is a reflection of habitat suitability and adult breeding site selection. Some species preferentially breed in ephemeral ponds, which can provide benefits for larvae. An alternative strategy used by adults to increase offspring survival is to detect aquatic predators and avoid them when selecting breeding sites. We investigated whether either of these types of breeding site selection are contributing to the negative correlation between the distributions of tadpoles of the threatened green and golden bell frog (Litoria aurea) and the introduced eastern gambusia (Gambusia holbrooki) in Sydney, Australia. From 2003 to 2012 we drained ponds to temporarily remove gambusia and examined the effect of removal on the numbers of male, female, and juvenile frogs, and tadpoles. We found that males preferentially selected fish‐free ponds as breeding sites. In addition, the removal of gambusia increased tadpole abundance to over 140 times that of an undrained pond. Pond draining did not influence female or juvenile abundances. The ability to detect and avoid gambusia may be mitigating the effect of predation to a certain extent. We conclude that pond draining to remove exotic fish is an effective strategy that can be used to greatly increase the reproductive success of this and potentially other threatened amphibian species in the presence of exotic predators. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
The effect of n‐acetyl‐cysteine on recovery of the facial nerve after crush injury
Authors: Rivera Andrew , Raymond Mallory , Grobman Ariel , Abouyared Marianne , Angeli Simon I.
Published: April 2017

Objective

Facial nerve dysfunction can vary in severity and recovery is dependent on the character of the injury. N‐acetyl‐cysteine prevents oxidative stress and cellular damage, and its use in the setting of nerve dysfunction from crush injury has not yet been established. In this study, rats with facial nerve crush injury will be treated with n‐acetyl‐cysteine or control and functional recovery and electrophysiologic outcome will be compared.

Study Design

Prospective, randomized animal study

Methods

Twenty‐four Wistar rats underwent unilateral facial nerve crush injury. Rats were implanted with a subcutaneous osmotic pump filled with saline (n = 12) or n‐acetyl‐cysteine 50 mg/kg/day (n = 12). Functional and electromyographic recovery was recorded at two and four weeks postoperatively.

Results

When compared to untreated rats, n‐acetyl‐cysteine treated rats had a greater electromyography amplitude recovery at 2 weeks with regard to eye blink (p=0.006) but not vibrissae function. At four weeks, the electromyography amplitude recovery of the vibrissae function was greater in n‐acetyl‐cysteine treated rats (P=0.001), but the amplitude recovery difference in eye blink was only marginally significant between groups (p=0.07). The functional score was higher in n‐acetyl‐cysteine‐treated rats than in untreated rats at all of the time points.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated that n‐acetyl‐cysteine facilitated facial nerve recovery with improved functional and electromyography outcomes in the setting of crush injury.

Level of Evidence

NA
Enhanced Self‐Renewal and Accelerated Differentiation of Human Fetal Neural Stem Cells Using Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Kim Jin , Yang Kisuk , Lee Jong Seung , Hwang Yong Hwa , Park Hyun‐Ji , Park Kook In , Lee Dong Yun , Cho Seung‐Woo
Published: April 2017

Graphene oxide (GO) has received increasing attention in bioengineering fields due to its unique biophysical and electrical properties, along with excellent biocompatibility. The application of GO nanoparticles (GO‐NPs) to engineer self‐renewal and differentiation of human fetal neural stem cells (hfNSCs) is reported. GO‐NPs added to hfNSC culture during neurosphere formation substantially promote cell‐to‐cell and cell‐to‐matrix interactions in neurospheres. Accordingly, GO‐NP‐treated hfNSCs show enhanced self‐renewal ability and accelerated differentiation compared to untreated cells, indicating the utility of GO in developing stem cell therapies for neurogenesis.

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Dual licensing strategy with open source competition
Authors: Darmon Eric , Torre Dominique
Published: April 2017

Software firms that produce and sell proprietary software can use dual licensing (DL) strategies, that is, they can distribute their products under different (proprietary, OS, e.g., open source) licensing terms. We investigate the relevance and impacts of such distribution strategies in the presence of an OS software competitor. We determine the conditions for this strategy to be profitable for the software firm, and its impact on price, market share, and welfare. We show that a DL strategy can be used to crowd the OS software out of the market. This strategy then is profitable for the software firm only if the spillovers coming from the hybrid software (i.e., second distribution launched by the software firm) are sufficiently high and result in both a higher price and a lower market share for the proprietary software. We also consider a situation where the introduction of DL leads to a market shared between the firm's software and the OS competitor. In this situation, the profitability of the DL strategy depends also on the degree of compatibility between the proprietary software and its OS competitor. We show also that this situation can generate conflicts of interests between proprietary software vendors and users, resulting in suboptimal outcomes.
Changes in the cell population in brain white matter in multiple system atrophy
Authors: Nykjær Charlotte Havelund , Brudek Tomasz , Salvesen Lisette , Pakkenberg Bente
Published: April 2017

Background: Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a sporadic progressive neurodegenerative disorder with adult onset and unknown etiology. Clinically it is characterized by autonomic failure, cerebellar ataxia, parkinsonism, and corticospinal dysfunction in any combination and with varying severity.

Objectives and Methods: To establish the extent of involvement of the white matter in the disease, we have used stereology to quantify the total number of neurons and glial cells (oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and microglia) in the brains from 10 MSA patients and 11 controls.

Results: The mean total number of white matter interstitial neurons in the patient brains was 0.5 × 109 (coefficient of variation = standard deviation/mean = 0.37), which was significantly lower than the 1.1 × 109 (0.41) in the control brains (P = .001) and equal to a reduction by ∼50%. The patient brains had a significantly higher number of white matter microglia, 1.5 × 109 (0.47) versus 0.7 × 109 (0.39) microglia in the control subjects (P = .003) and equal to an increase by ∼ 100%. There was no significant difference in mean total numbers of white matter oligodendrocytes and astrocytes between the groups.

Conclusions: We found widespread microgliosis without concomitant astrogliosis in brain white matter in MSA patients and demonstrated an absence of significant oligodendrocyte degeneration. The exact role of oligodendrocytes in MSA pathogenesis, including neurodegeneration, remains to be elucidated. © 2017 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
The anisotropic integrability regularity criterion to 3D magnetohydrodynamics equations
Authors: Qian Chenyin
Published: April 2017

In this article, we establish sufficient conditions for the regularity of solutions of 3D MHD equations in the framework of the anisotropic Lebesgue spaces. In particular, we obtain the anisotropic regularity criterion via partial derivatives, and it is a generalization of the some previous results. Besides, the anisotropic integrability regularity criteria in terms of the magnetic field and the third component of the velocity field are also investigated. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.