bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differences in glutamate receptors and inflammatory cell numbers are associated with the resolution of pain in human rotator cuff tendinopathy
Authors: Dean Benjamin John Floyd , Snelling Sarah J. B. , Dakin Stephanie G. , Murphy Richard J. , Javaid Muhammad Kassim , Carr Andrew Jonathan
Published: July 2015

Introduction

The relationship between peripheral tissue characteristics and pain symptoms in soft tissue inflammation is poorly understood. The primary aim of this study was to determine immunohistochemical differences in tissue obtained from patients with persistent pain and patients who had become pain-free after surgical treatment for rotator cuff tendinopathy. The secondary aim was to investigate whether there would be differences in glutaminergic and inflammatory gene expression between disease-derived and healthy control cells in vitro.

Methods

Supraspinatus tendon biopsies were obtained from nine patients with tendon pain before shoulder surgery and from nine further patients whose pain had resolved completely following shoulder surgery. Histological markers relating to the basic tendon characteristics, inflammation and glutaminergic signalling were quantified by immunohistochemical analysis. Gene expression of glutaminergic and inflammatory markers was determined in tenocyte explants derived from painful rotator cuff tendon tears in a separate cohort of patients and compared to that of explants from healthy control tendons. Dual labelling was performed to identify cell types expressing nociceptive neuromodulators.

Results

Tendon samples from patients with persistent pain demonstrated increased levels of metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 (mGluR2), kainate receptor 1 (KA1), protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5), CD206 (macrophage marker) and CD45 (pan-leucocyte marker) versus pain-free controls (p <0.05). NMDAR1 co-localised with CD206-positive cells, whereas PGP9.5 and glutamate were predominantly expressed by resident tendon cells. These results were validated by in vitro increases in the expression of mGluR2, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR1), KA1, CD45, CD206 and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) genes (p <0.05) in disease-derived versus control cells.

Conclusions

We conclude that differences in glutamate receptors and inflammatory cell numbers are associated with the resolution of shoulder pain in rotator cuff tendinopathy, and that disease-derived cells exhibit a distinctly different neuro-inflammatory gene expression profile to healthy control cells.
Occupational gender segregation in an equilibrium search model
Authors: Usui Emiko
Published: July 2015

This paper develops an equilibrium search model to explain gender asymmetry in occupational distribution. Workers’ utility depends on salary and working hours, and women have a greater aversion to longer working hours than men. Simulations indicate that women crowd into shorter-hour, lower-paying jobs than men. If employers discriminate against women, offers are tailored more toward the working-hour preferences of men by requiring longer working hours. Similarly, if women have a disutility factor in their utility toward positions with a higher proportion of men, fewer women work at these jobs. In both cases, gender segregation is reinforced.

JEL classification: E24, J16, J64, J71
International knowledge flows and technological advance: the role of migration
Authors: Douglas Kacey N
Published: July 2015

This paper investigates whether knowledge flows from host to source country as a result of migration, alleviating the negative effects associated with outward migration. Using a fixed effects Poisson regression, patent citations are used as a proxy for knowledge flows and regressed on immigration and other control variables; the effect of immigration on patent citations is found to be positive and statistically significant. Additionally, the coefficient on immigration is found to be robust to different parameter changes in the model. These results suggest that reverse knowledge flows from outward migration help mitigate negative effects of outward migration on source countries.
Extending the persistent primary variable algorithm to simulate non-isothermal two-phase two-component flow with phase change phenomena
Authors: Huang Yonghui , Kolditz Olaf , Shao Haibing
Published: July 2015

In high-enthalpy geothermal reservoirs and many other geo-technical applications, coupled non-isothermal multiphase flow is considered to be the underlying governing process that controls the system behavior. Under the high temperature and high pressure environment, the phase change phenomena such as evaporation and condensation have a great impact on the heat distribution, as well as the pattern of fluid flow. In this work, we have extended the persistent primary variable algorithm proposed by (Marchand et al. Comput Geosci 17(2):431–442) to the non-isothermal conditions. The extended method has been implemented into the OpenGeoSys code, which allows the numerical simulation of multiphase flow processes with phase change phenomena. This new feature has been verified by two benchmark cases. The first one simulates the isothermal migration of H
2 through the bentonite formation in a waste repository. The second one models the non-isothermal multiphase flow of heat-pipe problem. The OpenGeoSys simulation results have been successfully verified by closely fitting results from other codes and also against analytical solution.
TheDrosophilaplanar polarity genemultiple wing hairsdirectly regulates the actin cytoskeleton
Authors: Lu Qiuheng , Schafer Dorothy A. , Adler Paul N.
Published: July 2015

The evolutionarily conserved frizzled/starry night (fz/stan) pathway regulates planar cell polarity (PCP) in vertebrates and invertebrates. This pathway has been extensively studied in the Drosophila wing, where it is manifested by an array of distally pointing cuticular hairs. Using in vivo imaging we found that, early in hair growth, cells have multiple actin bundles and hairs that subsequently fuse into a single growing hair. The downstream PCP gene multiple wing hairs (mwh) plays a key role in this process and acts to antagonize the actin cytoskeleton. In mwh mutants hair initiation is not limited to a small region at the distal edge of pupal wing cells as in wild type, resulting in multiple hairs with aberrant polarity. Extra actin bundles/hairs are formed and do not completely fuse, in contrast to wild type. As development proceeded additional hairs continued to form, further increasing hair number. We identified a fragment of Mwh with in vivo rescue activity and that bound and bundled F-actin filaments and inhibited actin polymerization in in vitro actin assays. The loss of these activities can explain the mwh mutant phenotype. Our data suggest a model whereby, prior to hair initiation, proximally localized Mwh inhibits actin polymerization resulting in polarized activation of the cytoskeleton and hair formation on the distal side of wing cells. During hair growth Mwh is found in growing hairs, where we suggest it functions to promote the fusion of actin bundles and inhibit the formation of additional actin bundles that could lead to extra hairs.
C. elegansSoxB genes are dispensable for embryonic neurogenesis but required for terminal differentiation of specific neuron types
Authors: Vidal Berta , Santella Anthony , Serrano-Saiz Esther , Bao Zhirong , Chuang Chiou-Fen , Hobert Oliver
Published: July 2015

Neurogenesis involves deeply conserved patterning molecules, such as the proneural basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors. Sox proteins and specifically members of the SoxB and SoxC groups are another class of conserved transcription factors with an important role in neuronal fate commitment and differentiation in various species. In this study, we examine the expression of all five Sox genes of the nematode C. elegans and analyze the effect of null mutant alleles of all members of the SoxB and SoxC groups on nervous system development. Surprisingly, we find that, unlike in other systems, neither of the two C. elegans SoxB genes sox-2 (SoxB1) and sox-3 (SoxB2), nor the sole C. elegans SoxC gene sem-2, is broadly expressed throughout the embryonic or adult nervous system and that all three genes are mostly dispensable for embryonic neurogenesis. Instead, sox-2 is required to maintain the developmental potential of blast cells that are generated in the embryo but divide only postembryonically to give rise to differentiated neuronal cell types. Moreover, sox-2 and sox-3 have selective roles in the terminal differentiation of specific neuronal cell types. Our findings suggest that the common themes of SoxB gene function across phylogeny lie in specifying developmental potential and, later on, in selectively controlling terminal differentiation programs of specific neuron types, but not in broadly controlling neurogenesis.
Water loss in tree weta (Hemideina): adaptation to the montane environment and a test of the melanisation–desiccation resistance hypothesis
Authors: King Keith J. , Sinclair Brent J.
Published: July 2015

Montane insects are at a higher risk of desiccation than their lowland counterparts and are expected to have evolved reduced water loss. Hemideina spp. (tree weta; Orthoptera: Anostostomatidae) have both lowland (Hemideina femorata, Hemideina crassidens and Hemideina thoracica) and montane (Hemideina maori and Hemideina ricta) species. H. maori has both melanic and yellow morphs. We use these weta to test two hypotheses: that montane insects lose water more slowly than lowland species, and that cuticular water loss rates are lower in darker insects than lighter morphs, because of incorporation of melanin in the cuticle. We used flow-through respirometry to compare water loss rates among Hemideina species and found that montane weta have reduced cuticular water loss by 45%, reduced respiratory water loss by 55% and reduced the molar ratio of V̇H2O:V̇CO2 by 64% compared with lowland species. Within H. maori, cuticular water loss was reduced by 46% when compared with yellow morphs. Removal of cuticular hydrocarbons significantly increased total water loss in both melanic and yellow morphs, highlighting the role that cuticular hydrocarbons play in limiting water loss; however, the dark morph still lost water more slowly after removal of cuticular hydrocarbons (57% less), supporting the melanisation–desiccation resistance hypothesis.
Lung mechanics and pulmonary function testing in cetaceans
Authors: Fahlman Andreas , Loring Stephen H. , Levine Gregg , Rocho-Levine Julie , Austin Trevor , Brodsky Micah
Published: July 2015

We measured esophageal pressures, respiratory flow rates, and expired O2 and CO2 in six adult bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) during voluntary breaths and maximal (chuff) respiratory efforts. The data were used to estimate the dynamic specific lung compliance (sCL), the O2 consumption rate (V̇O2) and CO2 production rates (V̇CO2) during rest. Our results indicate that bottlenose dolphins have the capacity to generate respiratory flow rates that exceed 130 l s−1 and 30 l s−1 during expiration and inspiration, respectively. The esophageal pressures indicated that expiration is passive during voluntary breaths, but active during maximal efforts, whereas inspiration is active for all breaths. The average sCL of dolphins was 0.31±0.04 cmH2O−1, which is considerably higher than that of humans (0.08 cmH2O−1) and that previously measured in a pilot whale (0.13 cmH2O−1). The average estimated V̇O2 and V̇CO2 using our breath-by-breath respirometry system ranged from 0.857 to 1.185 l O2 min−1 and 0.589 to 0.851 l CO2 min−1, respectively, which is similar to previously published metabolic measurements from the same animals using conventional flow-through respirometry. In addition, our custom-made system allows us to approximate end tidal gas composition. Our measurements provide novel data for respiratory physiology in cetaceans, which may be important for clinical medicine and conservation efforts.
Mythological Names and dróttkvætt Formulae III: From Metric-Structural Type to Compositional System
Authors: Frog -
Published: July 2015

This article explores patterns of language use in oral poetry within a variety of semantic formula. Such a formula may vary its surface texture in relation to phonic demands of the metrical environment in which it is realised. This is the third part of a four-part series based on metrically entangled kennings in Old Norse dróttkvætt poetry as primary material. Old Norse kennings present a semantic formula of a particular type which is valuable as an example owing to the extremes of textural variation that it enables. The study concentrates on two-element kennings meaning ‘battle’. The first part in this series introduced the approach to kennings as semantic formulae and illustrated their formulaicity through evidence of the preferred lexical choices with which they were realised. The second part presented a case study illustrating that preferred word choices could extend beyond the kenning to additional elements in the line like rhyme words. The third case study presented here concentrates on the potential for a formula of this type to develop a general preference for elements of the kenning to come from one semantic category rather than another without such choices being metrically motivated per se.
Leading and Thriving: How Leadership Education Can Improve First-Year Student Success
Authors: Stephens Clinton M. , Beatty Cameron C.
Published: July 2015

Leadership development transforms the lives of many students and leadership educators regularly witness these changes. But little research has articulated what is being taught that facilitates this change, how we can make it happen more often, or how we can measure this change. These transformations contribute to desirable outcomes including student persistence and academic achievement. Leadership studies programs have great potential to contribute to these positive student outcomes especially with first-year students.

Using the Social Change Model of Leadership Development, we delineate how the study of leadership aids students in experiencing these transformations, as defined by Schreiner’s Thriving Model, along with example lessons that serve elements in both models. Significant implications are discussed, including greater engagement with first-year students and outreach to at-risk students. This is followed by recommendations for leadership educators and a discussion of future research focus areas.
Aseptic practice recommendations for circulating operating theatre nurses
Authors: Aholaakko Teija-Kaisa , Metsälä Eija
Published: July 2015

Aseptic practices prevent exposure of a surgical wound to microbes, operating theatre environment and personnel. The circulating nurse assists the operating theatre personnel and supervises aseptic practices preventing surgical site infections. In the absence of analytical tools, few studies exist on intraoperative nursing-related aseptic practices. This study introduces recommendations to assess the role of the circulating nurse in aseptic practices. The authors used international recommendations and research findings to construct a 20-item self-report instrument with a demonstrated reliability across the scale. The authors structured the scale based on three phases: establishment; maintenance; and disestablishment of a sterile operating field. The tool was tested among operating theatre and day surgery nurses, and compared the differences in the mean acceptance rates of aseptic practice recommendations based on background characteristics. College-level nurses and nurses with 15 or more years’ work experience accepted the recommendations at higher levels than bachelor-level nurses and nurses with less work experience. Continual assessment of the evidence base and comprehensive evaluation represent important components in further developing the tool. A reasonable number of items covering clinical practice are necessary for assessing the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of aseptic practices, and a larger response rate is needed to validate the tool in future.
Safeguarding vulnerable adults
Authors: Griffith Richard
Published: July 2015

Nurses have a professional duty to safeguard vulnerable adults from abuse under the provisions of the Nursing and Midwifery Council's (NMC) revised Code (2015) . With adult abuse continuing to increase, all members of the nursing team are well placed to identify and take action to safeguard the vulnerable. This article sets out how the Care Act 2014 seeks to improve the safeguarding of vulnerable adults and the role of nurses in that process.
Deprescribing: When and how to stop a medicine
Authors: Petty Duncan
Published: July 2015

Polypharmacy is commonplace and may have resulted from the implementation of evidence-based guidelines in the care of an increasingly older population with mutiple morbidities. Not all prescribing remains appropriate for individual patients. This article explains the risks of polypharmacy, introduces the concept of ‘deprescribing’ and advises on how to approach deprescribing, a skill all prescribers need to master.
‘Can do’ approach for all
Authors: Aitken Liz
Published: July 2015

The Shanghai Maths Teacher Exchange is gaining many advocates and proving to be a catalyst for change in the way that maths is taught in primary schools.
Use collage to build a multi-layered picture
Authors: Hart Karen
Published: July 2015

Try Karen Hart's cupcake challenge which is all about using something familiar in a new, artistic way. Discover how collage can support subjects such as maths.
How does your garden grow?
Authors: Rachel  , Bosley Mark
Published: July 2015

This lesson play for year 6 students involves them using a digital device for taking photographs and combining them with the Scratch progam, to classify flowers.
A Multi-step Maturity Model for the Implementation of Electronic and Computable
Diagnostic Clinical Prediction Rules (eCPRs)
Authors: Corrigan Derek , McDonnell Ronan , Zarabzadeh Atieh , Fahey Tom
Published: July 2015

Introduction: The use of Clinical Prediction Rules (CPRs) has been advocated as
one way of implementing actionable evidence-based rules in clinical practice. The
current highly manual nature of deriving CPRs makes them difficult to use and maintain.
Addressing the known limitations of CPRs requires implementing more flexible and dynamic
models of CPR development. We describe the application of Information and Communication
Technology (ICT) to provide a platform for the derivation and dissemination of CPRs
derived through analysis and continual learning from electronic patient data.Model
Components: We propose a multistep maturity model for constructing electronic and
computable CPRs (eCPRs). The model has six levels – from the lowest level of CPR
maturity (literaturebased CPRs) to a fully electronic and computable service-oriented
model of CPRs that are sensitive to specific demographic patient populations. We
describe examples of implementations of the core model components – focusing on CPR
representation, interoperability, electronic dissemination, CPR learning, and user
interface requirements.Conclusion: The traditional focus on derivation and narrow
validation of CPRs has severely limited their wider acceptance. The evolution and
maturity model described here outlines a progression toward eCPRs consistent with the
vision of a learning health system (LHS) – using central repositories of CPR knowledge,
accessible open standards, and generalizable models to avoid repetition of previous
work. This is useful for developing more ambitious strategies to address limitations of
the traditional CPR development life cycle. The model described here is a starting point
for promoting discussion about what a more dynamic CPR development process should look
like.
Pattern of consumption budget allocation by the poor families
Authors: Halim Rizal Edy , Wahyudi Imam , Prasetyo M. Budi
Published: July 2015

Various allegations towards the poverty problems are due to the issue of cultural, consumption behavior, social dynamics, and policy support. This study deals with the pattern of communities spending behavior through modeling the allocation of house-hold expenditure using secondary data published by Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistic (BPS) and offers models of household expenditure allocation appropriate and proportional. Allocation model of household expenditure is expected to be one step in formulating policies related to alleviate poverty. Time series analysis was used through modeling, econometric modeling and exposure effects going from the various patterns portrayed in the 2000-2008 period. By using National Economic Survey data (SU-SENAS) period 2000-2008, the study found that the differences in geological structure affect their livelihoods and consumption patterns, such as mountains, valleys, beaches, flood plains, lakes, and so on. The allocation of income of poor households tends to appear dominant in some categories of consumption related to housing and household facilities, various goods and services, clothes, and rice. However, other consumption categories tend not to be a priority for the consumption of poor households. Almost all categories of movement patterns of consumption have almost the same, still increasing from 2000 - 2006, except in 2005 which increased exceeding anomaly in 2006.
The causal relationship of business innovation training and development, and job satisfaction of SME manufacturing in Palembang
Authors: Cahyadi Afriyadi
Published: July 2015

The aim of this research is to explore causal relationship among business innova-tion, training and development, and job satisfaction of micro and small manufactur-ing enterprises managers in Palembang city South Sumatera. An explanatory study uses path analysis to explain quantitative data. Data were collected from 335 sample managers of the enterprises by distributing self-developed questionnaires. The method of considering quantity of sample is random sampling. The results show that innovations have an effect on training and development, and training and de-velopment has a significant effect on job satisfaction. On the other side, innovations have no effect on job satisfaction. Innovations include raw materials, production processes and products offered. Job satisfaction include feelings of pleasure and enjoy, feeling calm and not be concerned about, do not ignore the feelings of the faithful, and the feeling of belonging and defend jobs.
Human capital development strategy on go-public manufacturing companies in Indonesia
Authors: Echdar Saban
Published: July 2015

This study analyzes the development of human capital strategy in go-public manufactur-ing companies, examining the several effects of variables, and also the effect of interven-ing variables on the development of human capital. The population consists of 151 go-public manufacturing companies listed on the Stock Exchange. The purposive sampling method was used and 12 companies were taken in which 10 of respondents from each company consisting of managers and staff, and the data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). It shows that the first, the external environment has positive and significant effect on the planning and management of human resources, education and training, and the development of human capital, but has no significant effect on improving employees, employee performance and recognition, and employee satisfaction. Second, the internal environment has a positive and significant impact on the planning and management of human resources, employee improvement, education and training, employee performance and recognition, employee satisfaction, and the development of human capital. Third, planning and human resource management, employee improve-ment, education and training, employee performance and recognition, and employee satisfaction have a significant and positive effect on the development of human capital.
Programa de enseñanza metacognitiva digitalizado para el desarrollo de habilidades de escritura en estudiantes de Ingeniería Agronómica (UCLA-Venezuela)
Authors: De León Páramo Geisel Alicia
Published: July 2015

El objetivo de esta investigación fue proponer un programa de enseñanza metacognitiva digitalizado para el desarrollo de habilidades de ampliación de ideas escritas en los estudiantes que cursan Comprensión Lectora del Decanato de Agronomía de la Universidad Centroccidental “Lisandro Alvarado” (UCLA), Estado Lara, Venezuela. Se dirigió a una población de 35 estudiantes. La modalidad del estudio es el Proyecto Especial. Se asumieron los postulados de la Lingüística Textual y los modelos que explican la Didáctica de la Composición Escrita. El programa se aplicó en la modalidad de aprendizaje semipresencial. Como resultado se crearon textos argumentativos que evidenciaron el desarrollo de competencias para comunicar ideas de forma escrita. Se concluyó que la aplicación de procesos metacognitivos y la participación en un entorno virtual de aprendizaje digitalizado, favorece la adquisición de competencias textuales. Se propone la aplicación del programa como un curso electivo en distintas carreras de la UCLA.
Didáctica de la fraseología: una experiencia desde el marco de la investigación en la acción educativa
Authors: Alessandro Arianna
Published: July 2015

A pesar del creciente interés despertado por los estudios fraseológicos y los innegables progresos alcanzados en las últimas décadas, importantes lagunas siguen afectando a la fraseodidáctica del español y del italiano como lenguas extranjeras, haciéndose especialmente patentes para los fraseologismos periféricos, en particular, las llamadas Unidades Fraseológicas Pragmáticas (UFP). Dichas lagunas merman la competencia fraseológica del alumnado y, por tanto, repercuten negativamente en su competencia comunicativa global.Una vez planteado y analizado el problema, con sus causas y efectos, el objetivo del presente artículo es presentar una respuesta tentativa al mismo basada en una propuesta docente en la que, a partir de un modelo didáctico concreto llamado Modelo Fraseológico Pragmático (Mo.Fra.P.), se plantea abordar la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de las UFP en el aula de E/LE e I/LS dentro del marco de la investigación-acción, destacando su conveniencia y beneficios a partir de los resultados recopilados en un trabajo de campo experimenta.
Concepciones adultas sobre participación infantil en relación con la toma de decisiones de los niños
Authors: Gallego Henao Adriana María , Gutiérrez Suárez Damariz
Published: July 2015

Con este artículo de investigación se genera reflexión sobre la concepción de participación infantil que tienen agentes educativos, cuidadores o personas significativas. La metodología se llevó a cabo mediante la realización de grupos focales y entrevistas a profundidad con 12 madres y 3 agentes educativos vinculados a un centro infantil del barrio Robledo, comuna siete de la ciudad de Medellín. Los resultados apuestan a tres aspectos básicamente: a. la participación infantil está relacionada con la posibilidad que tienen los niños y las niñas de expresar sentimientos, pensamientos y emociones, sin embargo el adulto termina siendo el centro de la participación y la toma de decisiones; b. la participación infantil se aprende en la familia, pero se potencia en el centro infantil y en el medio social; c. las personas significativas o cuidadores consideran que la participación infantil y la toma de decisiones son aspectos diferentes, lo que evidenciaría una fragmentación en ejercicio de este derecho. Se concluye que los adultos cuidadores consideran que “permitir” que los niños participen es perder la autoridad y el control sobre ellos.
Estrategias para el desarrollo de la comprensión de textos académicos
Authors: Guerra Morales Evelyn , Forero Baena Carmen
Published: July 2015

Este artículo informa sobre los resultados de una investigación aplicada, con un modelo cuasiexperiental y paradigma mixto, cuyo propósito fue lograr que los estudiantes de primer semestre del Programa de Licenciatura en Matemáticas de la Universidad de Sucre (Colombia), aplicaran estrategias cognitivas y metacognitivas antes, durante y después de la lectura, para facilitar el procesamiento de la información. Los datos se recogieron a través de un cuestionario, que precisó si los estudiantes empleaban las estrategias propuestas por Solé (1998) y a partir de la intervención didáctica se concluye que el 76% y 86% de los estudiantes modificaron su comportamiento lector, fueron capaces de comprender textos académicos aplicando las estrategias de lectura propuestas por Solé. Analizados los resultados obtenidos, se comprueba la eficacia de las estrategias de lectura.
Facebook como herramienta educativa en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en el nivel medio superior
Authors: Abúndez Nájera Emmanuel , Fernández Santos Fredy , Meza De la Hoz Leonardo Enrique , Alamo Bernal Mirella Cristina
Published: July 2015

El siguiente artículo describe los resultados obtenidos sobre el uso de Facebook como herramienta educativa en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje del nivel medio superior, aplicado a estudiantes del segundo semestre de México y Colombia. Se utilizó el paradigma mixto, con el estudio de cuatro casos de profesores que utilizaron dicha herramienta social en sus respectivos contextos educativos. Para recolectar la información se utilizó un cuestionario y una encuesta, una rúbrica de evaluación y una guía de observación; cuyo objetivo principal fue indagar el uso de Facebook y su aceptación en el campo pedagógico; entre los resultados encontrados el sexo femenino obtuvo mejor desempeño académico con esta forma de aprender; así mismo destaca el uso de la tecnología celular y lo más importante que existe un fuerte vínculo de comunicación entre la comunidad académica y Facebook, que permite deliberar cualquier tema de estudio de forma colaborativa y constructiva.
Participación crítica y democrática: comprensión de los discursos de actores educativos
Authors: Muñoz García Pablo Alexander , Gamboa Suárez Audin Aloiso , Montes Miranda Alex Javier
Published: July 2015

El presente artículo muestra los resultados de una estudio que pretendió comprender los discursos relacionados con la participación crítica y democrática de actores educativos, orientada a fomentar la incidencia participativa en asuntos de carácter público-político. El enfoque metodológico de la investigación se enmarca en el paradigma cualitativo – hermenéutico y se utilizaron como técnicas de recolección de información los grupos focales y la entrevista semiestructurada como medio para acceder a la conciencia discursiva de los participantes. Los resultados evidencian que se suele reducir la representación de participación a la posibilidad de expresar opiniones personales, con base en tendenciosas críticas que solo presentan aspectos negativos del panorama sociopolítico pero que a su vez permiten la emergencia de nuevos escenarios e intenciones de participación. Así mismo, se logran comprender discursos relacionados con el equilibrio entre la autoridad de los educadores y la libertad de los estudiantes, en tanto que se considera un requisito para que se pueda intervenir democráticamente.
New approaches towards explaining construction methods of the great pyramid at Keops
Büyük pramitlerin inşasının Keops Piramidiyle açıklanması
Authors: Yılmaz İsmail
Published: July 2015

The importance of the Keops pyramid in terms of size and mass, has led to the proposal of three theories as to its modes of construction. The first theory argues that elephants and soldiers were employed for this work, which suggests considerable application of muscle power. The second states that the quarried stone blocks were transported to the pyramid construction site using elephants on a weight-bearing mechanism. The third suggests that stone blocks carried to the pyramid, were first uplifted with brute force, following which they were carried to the top, using the principle of buoyancy of water, through a system of graded pools. Theories suggested for the construction of this pyramid, can be applied to that of other pyramids. This paper analyses the construction of pyramids in terms of issues related to the quarry, stages of transport of stones from the quarry to the pyramid site and the final construction stage. Based on the theories explained in this study, the time period for the construction of the pyramid will be calculated, using expected values derived from the four different pool systems.

 

Özet

Boyut ve kütle değerleriyle Keops Piramidi ön plana çıktığından, büyük piramitlerin inşası, bu piramit için geliştirilen üç teoriyle açıklanacaktır. Bu teorilerden birincisi, piramit inşasında kas gücünü zorlayan işlerde fil ve askerler çalıştırılabilir. İkincisi, ocaktan kesilen taş bloklar, ağırlık aktarmalı düzenekte filler kullanılarak, piramide taşınabilir. Sonuncusu, piramide taşınarak getirilen taş bloklar, kas gücünün üst sınırları zorlandığı noktaya kadar çıkarılıp, sonrasında basamaklı havuzlarda sıvının kaldırma kuvvetinden yararlanılarak üst noktaya kadar taşınıp piramit inşa edilmiş olabilir. Bu piramidin inşası için geliştirilen teoriler diğer piramitlerin inşası içinde kullanılabilir. Piramitlerin inşası; taş blokların alındığı ocak, taş blokları ocaktan piramide taşıma ve piramidin inşaat aşaması olarak üçe ayırıp, iki aşaması incelenecektir. Bu çalışmada ocak aşaması incelenmeyecektir. Burada verilecek teoriler için dört farklı havuz sistemine olası değerler verilerek piramidin inşaat süresi hesaplanacaktır.
An experimental setup for traceable measurement and calibration of liquid flow rates down to 5 nl/min
Authors: Ahrens Martin , Nestler Bodo , Klein Stephan , Lucas Peter , Petter Harm Tido , Damiani Christian
Published: July 2015

This work presents the improvements of an experimental setup for measuring ultra-low flow rates down to 5 nl/min. The system uses a telecentric CCD imaging system mounted on a high-precision, computer-controlled linear stage to track a moving liquid meniscus inside a glass capillary. Compared to the original setup, the lowest attainable expanded uncertainty at any flow rate has been reduced from 5.4% to 2%. In addition, the conformity with specification of three commercial micro-fluidic devices was evaluated using the new setup: one syringe pump, one implantable infusion pump and one thermal flow sensor. The flow sensor and the implantable infusion pump met the compliance criteria (coverage probability 95%). The syringe pump however, failed to meet the specifications at 5 nl/min and 10 nl/min. No assessment could be made at higher flow rates.
Growth, reproduction, and senescence of the epiphytic marine alga Phaeosaccion collinsii Farlow (Ochrophyta, Phaeothamniales) at its type locality in Nahant, Massachusetts, USA
Authors: Cryan Ashley E. , Benes Kylla M. , Gillis Brendan , Ramsay-Newton Christine , Perini Valerie , Wynne Michael J.
Published: July 2015

The growth, reproduction, and senescence patterns of the epiphytic marine alga Phaeosaccion collinsii were tracked over two consecutive seasons at its type locality of Little Nahant, Nahant, MA (USA). We investigated the potential and/or combined effects of temperature and ambient nutrient supply (NO3
- and PO4
3-) on the phenology of this ephemeral species in its natural environment by collecting microscopic and macroscopic P. collinsii specimens from blades of eelgrass (Zostera marina) in a shallow coastal subtidal zone. Our results suggest that temperature is a strong driver of the alga’s in situ cycle and that the optimal temperature for P. collinsii growth and reproduction may be between 5 and 8°C, a narrower temperature threshold than previous laboratory studies on this subject have suggested. Several large winter storms also allowed us to observe the effect of physical disturbance on the integrity of the eelgrass beds and the population of microscopic and macroscopic P. collinsii. This study contributes the first in situ information on the abiotic conditions necessary for the successful growth and development of P. collinsii and a greater understanding of the life cycle of this unique golden brown alga.
Mind the Gap: Comparison of the role played by women in the departments of Chemistry of two universities and the influence of gender on their participation
Authors: Zuin Vânia
Published: July 2015

Women who conduct scientific researches in diverse places have unique experiences. Vânia Zuin recently spent more than one year at the University of York, UK, in sabbatical from her home institution in Brazil. In this feature, she shares her observations of the role played by women in the departments of Chemistry of both universities. Her experiences will be part of the documentation to be reviewed in the context of the project “Accelerating Participation and Leadership of Women in Chemistry”, recently supported by ICSU (see project description p. 26).
The Geography of the Hittite Empire and the Distribution of Luwian Hieroglyphic Seals
Authors: Woudhuizen Fred C.
Published: July 2015

The work on the reconstruction of the geography of the Hittite Empire, in particular that of its western province, has recently received a more solid footing than before owing to the combined efforts of a number of scholars in the field. The framework presently applied, in the eyes of the author, only needs to be refined with respect to some minor details. Of some help in this undertaking is the fact that the extension of the Hittite Empire happens to be neatly reflected in the distribution zone of Luwian hieroglyphic Late Bronze Age seals or sealings. Some of these Luwian hieroglyphic seals or sealings, however, are of no use in this latter context as they antedate the Hittite Empire and belong to the Middle Bronze Age. Now, as a kind of by-product of our improved knowledge about the geography of western Anatolia it seems that also the answer to the vexed problem of the origins of the Luwian hieroglyphic script comes within reach if we look at the distribution pattern and in this undertaking differentiate seals from sealings.
Athenion of Athens Revisited*
Authors: Bernárdez B. Antela
Published: July 2015

The usual view historiography has taken into account about the controversial data concerning the politician Athenion of Athens, mainly based in the perspective of one of Posidonius’ extant fragments, has portrayed Athenion as a tyrant. A close look at the information we have about him and his policies allows to ask new questions and to get a deeper perspective about the complex age of Athenian history that led the city to take part in the Ist Mithridatic War on the Pontic side, against Rome.
Newman and the Anglican Idea of a University
Authors: Chapman Mark
Published: July 2015

This article discusses the educational context of John Henry Newman's earlier writings. Through a detailed analysis of the character of Oxford University it traces the development of his educational theory in his practice of teaching. Oxford, which remained a wholly Anglican institution until the 1870s, functioned as a microcosmfor the broader issues of church and state which dominated the writings of the leaders of the Tractarian (or Oxford) Movement in the 1830s. The article helps explain why English theology developed completely differently from theology in continental Europe. For Newman, education was a pastoral and religious task where faith and life were connected through a common ‘catholic’ ethos: the quest for truth was a religious duty. This idea, where the intellect and will were mutually determinative of one another, remained central to his theology and theory of education after his conversion to the Roman Catholic Church, especially in his plans for the University of Dublin, published in
„Luther als Persönlichkeit“. Die Lutherbildnisse Karl Bauers (1868 –1942) und das Selbstverständnis des Protestantismus in der ersten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts
Authors: Geck Albrecht
Published: July 2015

The article explores for the first time the theological relevance of the work of the artist Karl Bauer (1868–1942), who specialized in portraits of those he called „Great Men“. Influenced by the pseudo-science of phrenology, he believed that „greatness“ manifested itself in certain features of the skull. Luther, for example, he painted with a prominent forehead as a sign of strong will and Germanic defiance, presenting him as a national hero whose translation of the bible into German had laid the foundation of Bismarck's Empire of 1870. Bauer's Luther-portraits became a trademark of national Protestantism until well into the 20
La enseñanza del idioma inglés a temprana edad: su impacto en el aprendizaje de los estudiantes de escuelas públicas
Authors: Quidel Cumilaf David , Del Valle Rojas Juan , Arévalo López Lissette , Ñancucheo Chihuaicura Catherine , Ortiz Neira Ramón
Published: July 2015

La presente investigación aborda la temática de la enseñanza del idioma inglés a temprana edad, cuyo objetivo es develar el impacto de la enseñanza de este idioma como segunda lengua dentro de los primeros años de escolaridad. Los participantes seleccionados fueron estudiantes de enseñanza primaria pertenecientes a cuatro diferentes establecimientos públicos que presentan altos índices de vulnerabilidad. La metodología empleada es de tipo cualitativa, ya que permite mayor flexibilidad y cercanía con la realidad al momento de analizar a los participantes. El plan de análisis se enmarca en el análisis de contenido, de tipo descriptivo. Este permitió hacer inferencias y aplicarlas al contexto en el cual se desarrolló esta investigación. Se desprende como principal hallazgo que los estudiantes que comienzan la exposición del idioma inglés a temprana edad, de manera formal, logran un mejor aprendizaje, comprensión y motivación con el mismo, comprado con aquellos alumnos que comenzaron su proceso de aprendizaje a una edad tardía.
Gestión de las redes sociales turísticas en la web 2.0
Authors: Domínguez Vila Trinidad , Araújo Vila Noelia
Published: July 2015

Hoy en día es innegable el relevante papel que Internet juega en la sociedad, y el sector turístico no es una excepción. Partiendo de dicha premisa se plantea el estudio de las redes sociales de turismo como elemento clave para la comunicación y comercialización de productos turísticos y las estrategias en que esto puede derivar. Dado el escaso marco teórico existente así como la rápida evolución y cambio de la propia red y su influencia en el sector, se procura establecer un contexto teórico que posibilite el estudio en profundidad de las redes sociales turísticas vinculadas al e-commerce centrado en la tipología business to customer (B2C) ya que son las que ejercen un vínculo entre el usuario y el oferente. Se busca determinar los elementos clave en la oferta de producto y los principales servicios complementarios ofertados por parte de las redes sociales de turismo, así como las estrategias por las que deben optar según su posicionamiento actual.
Use of infographics in virtual environments for personal learning process on Boolean algebra
Authors: Salas Rueda Ricardo Adán
Published: July 2015

Los avances que presenta la tecnología de vanguardia abren nuevas oportunidades para planear e implementar diversas estrategias pedagógicas en los entornos virtuales que permitan el desarrollo eficiente de las competencias en los estudiantes. Por consiguiente, las universidades enfrentan el reto de implementar innovadoras herramientas tecnológicas en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje para facilitar la asimilación y utilización del conocimiento. En particular, el docente encargado de la asignatura Matemáticas Computacionales en el ciclo escolar 2014-II ha decidido utilizar la infografía en los contenidos audiovisuales que presenta el Sistema Hipermedia Adaptativo Usable (SHAU) con el propósito de mejorar el canal de comunicación entre la interfaz web y el usuario. Este sistema personaliza la información considerando el nivel de conocimiento que posee los estudiantes sobre el Álgebra Booleana y los estilos de aprendizaje visual-auditivo. El Enfoque cuantitativo a través del método ANOVA permite a esta investigación analizar el desarrollo del conocimiento de los 30 estudiantes antes y después de utilizar el SHAU 2.0. Finalmente, los resultados obtenidos permiten afirmar que el uso de la infografía junto con la tecnología de punta facilita el proceso educativo por medio de la construcción de los contenidos audiovisuales en base al Diseño Gráfico.
Durability Testing Method of a Hub-Reducer System Based on the Shanghai Standard Road Driving Cycle
Authors: Liu Xintian , Zheng Songlin , Chen Tie , Liang Guoqing , Feng Jinzhi , Ning Xin
Published: July 2015

Electric vehicles are equipped with electric-drive wheel systems, so the development of matching hub reducers with proper durability is important. Based on the Shanghai standard road-driving cycle, this paper forecasts the load spectrum for key components of the hub-reducer system. After considering the material strengthening under low-amplitude loads, the reducer system running-in test specification is issued. This paper also develops an electric-drive system durability test specification on the basis of the Miner linear cumulative damage theory, and estimates the hub-reducer durability mileage. The bench test for durability shows that the first round of the prototype design satisfied the durability mileage required, and the bending-fatigue strength of the gear is sufficiently reliable, which gives possibilities for further lightweight designs. This method can be applied for the lightweight designing of other key automotive components. It also provides empirical evidence for developing automotive products that meet the standard road-driving-cycle conditions.
Crack Propagation Parametric Assessment of Modified Asphalt Mixtures Using Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics Approach
Authors: Minhajuddin Mohd , Saha Gourab , Biligiri Krishna Prapoorna
Published: July 2015

The main objective of this study was to deduce and assess crack propagation parameters of twelve asphalt mixtures including: eight conventional dense graded, two polymer-modified gap graded, and two asphalt-rubber gap graded mixtures using the EN 12697-44:2010 based monotonic semi-circular bending (SCB) test. The asphalt mixes were prepared using different binder types, binder contents, and air voids levels totaling 72 samples with two replicates per mix type. Dense graded mixes had higher fracture toughness than rubber- and polymer-modified mixes at various temperatures. Total fracture energy and residual energy were higher for modified mixes than dense mixes. The share of residual energy in rubber-modified mixtures was 80 % of total fracture energy, indicating that even though a crack initiates in these mixes, it will take much more time to completely fail those materials. Predictive models for crack propagation parameters were developed and were based upon material properties. All three models had very good statistical goodness of fit measures (R2adj ≥ 0.80, and Se/Sy ≤ 0.38). Overall, extensive experimentation and analytical methodologies provided a first of its kind comparative understanding of fracture crack propagation mechanism of conventional versus modified asphalt mixtures based on rationally established SCB test technique using a linear elastic fracture mechanics approach.
Quantitative mitral valve anatomy and pathology
Authors: Garbi Madalina , Monaghan Mark J.
Published: July 2015

Quantitative analysis is an important part of the morphological assessment of the diseased mitral valve. It can be used to describe valve anatomy, pathology, function and the mechanisms of disease. Echocardiography is the main source of indirect quantitative data that is comparable with direct anatomic or surgical measurements. Furthermore, it can relate morphology with function. This review provides an account of current mitral valve quantification techniques and clinical applications.