Turbidity, COD and Total Suspended Solid Removal: Application of Natural Coagulant Cassava Peel Starch
Authors:   Department of Water and Environment, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universit Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Batu Pahat, Johor, Abd Rahim* Nur Shahirah , Othman Norzila ,   Department of Water and Environment, Faculty of Civil and Environment Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Batu Pahat, Johor, Asharuddin Syazwani Mohd ,   Department of Water and Environment, Faculty of Civil and Environment Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Batu Pahat, Johor., Fahirah Syarifah Nur ,   Department of Water and Environment, Faculty of Civil and Environment Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Batu Pahat, Johor., Malek Marlinda Abdul ,   Department of Civil Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan Ikram-Uniten, Kajang, Selangor.
Published: December 2019

Considering techno-financial oblige, cassava peel (CP) that is effectively accessible mechanical waste is concentrated to assess its appropriateness to be chosen as coagulant help for the water treatment framework. The process called coagulation and flocculation is the generation of consumable water from most raw water sources generally incorporates. The most well-known coagulant used in water treatment are aluminium salts, ferric salts and synthetic polymers. These coagulants are frequently costly and can hardly afford the costs of imported chemicals. Considering techno-economic constrain, cassava peel (CP) that is effectively accessible industrial waste is concentrated to assess its appropriateness to be chosen as coagulant aid for water treatment system. This aim for characterize cassava peel and to optimize coagulation and flocculation process using alum, CPS and alum : CPS. There are two types of equipment analysis involve to characterization the cassava peel namely scanning electron microscope (SEM-EDX) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry. SEM-EDX micrograph had shown that the surface of the cassava peel samples was secured with smooth and globular in formed of bound a starch granule. The CP samples contain Fe2O3 and Al2O3 were analysis by XRF spectrometry indicated that which might contribute to its coagulation ability. The water samples used was collected at the water intake from Sembrong Dam. The raw water sample was characterized before the process of jar test. Jar test experiment was carried out by using alum, cassava peel starch and cassava peel + alum. The laboratory analysis was carried on turbidity, total suspended solid and COD removal. Recommended conditions (initial pH 9, 70 : 30 % of alum : CPS, and 60 min settling time) allowed Cassava peel and alum removed high turbidity, total suspended solid and chemical oxygen demand up to 90.32%, 89.86% and 18.87%, respectively. The effectiveness of cassava peel as coagulant aid was investigated from floc analysis. Besides that, based on the results with using SEM analysis, the images showed that the combination of alum +CPS was more compact and this can make denser because of the bridging of the particles that easy the floc to settle down. This study proved the use of natural coagulant from cassava peel as an alternative coagulant aid to reduce the usage of chemical coagulants.