bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fuzzy Multi-Objective Association Rule Mining Using Evolutionary Computation
Authors: Pradeep Ganghishetti , Ravi Vadlamani
Published: October 2016

In this chapter, we model association rule mining as a Fuzzy multi-objective global optimization problem by considering several measures of strength such as support, confidence, coverage, comprehensibility, leverage, interestingness, lift and conviction by utilizing various fuzzy aggregator operators. In this, pdel, each measure has its own level of significance. Three fuzzy multi-objective association rule mining techniques viz., Fuzzy Multi-objective Binary Particle Swarm Optimization based association rule miner (FMO-BPSO), a hybridized Fuzzy Multi-objective Binary Firefly Optimization and Threshold Accepting based association rule miner (FMO-BFFOTA), hybridized Fuzzy Multi-objective Binary Particle Swarm Optimization and Threshold Accepting based association rule miner (FMO-BPSOTA) have been proposed. These three algorithms have been tested on various datasets such as book, food, bank, grocery, click stream and bakery datasets along with three fuzzy aggregate operators. From these experiments, we can conclude that Fuzzy-And outperforms all the other operators.
Modeling Consumer Opinion Using RIDIT and Grey Relational Analysis
Authors: Kumar Rohit Vishal , Bhattacharyya Subhajit
Published: October 2016

In order to understand consumers, researchers are forced to gather primary data on Likert scale. Such data is usually considered as ordinal or at best interval scaled data. One key requirement in research is to identify components which have high individual contribution to understanding the research problem. Hence the concept of ranking of the components comes under consideration. Most of the ranking techniques are based on simplistic mean ranks or overtly complicated methods. In this chapter the authors highlight two techniques - Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) and RIDIT - for the purpose. In this chapter the authors explain the techniques of the two methods and then try to show the simplicity and efficiency of GRA and RIDIT algorithms in analyzing a commonly available dataset. The outcome of the GRA and RIDIT analysis is also compared with the commonly used techniques and the authors would examine if GRA and RIDIT does a better job at ranking data than the commonly used techniques.
Banking Credit Scoring Assessment Using Predictive K-Nearest Neighbour (PKNN) Classifier
Authors: Jena Saroj Kanta , Kumar Anil , Dwivedy Maheshwar
Published: October 2016

Credit scoring models is a scientific methodology adopted by credit providers to assess the credit worthiness of applicants. The primary objective of such models has been to predict the potentiality of the loan applicant. A proper evaluation of the credit can help the service provider to determine whether to grant or to reject credit. Therefore, the objective of the study is to predict banking credit scoring assessment using Predictive K-Nearest Neighbour (PKNN) classifier. For the purpose of analysis two different credit approval datasets: Australian credit and German credit have been used. The results from the study show that the proposed model used for classification works better on credit dataset. Here, the study firstly attempted to find the optimal ‘K' value of the neighbourhood so that the classifier is tuned to forecast the credit worthiness and secondly, validated our proposed model on two credit approval datasets by checking the performance of the proposed models on the basis of classification accuracy.
Prediction of the Quality of Fresh Water in a Basin
Authors: Allende Sira M. , Chen Daniel C. , Bouza Carlos N. , Santiago Agustin , Sautto Jose Maclovio
Published: October 2016

Derivatives play an important role in social and economic studies. They describe the behavior of conditional expectations. Once a phenomena is characterized by parametric specifications, the conditional expectation m(x) may be modeled by a regression function. Then, derivatives may be computed by fitting the regression function. In applications, parametric estimators are commonly used, because of the un-knowledge of other more effective methods. The validity of a regression fitting approach depends on the knowledge of certain aspects related with the true functional form. In this paper, we develop a study on the usage of soft computing methods for providing an alternative to the use of non-parametric regression. We develop our modeling including neural networks and rough sets approaches. The studied problem is the eutrophication due to the growth of the population of algae. Real life data is provided by a study on a fresh water basin. They are used for developing a comparison of different approaches. A methodology is recommended for implementing a monitoring system of the water quality.
Professional Integrity in Business Management Education
Authors: Vargas-Hernández José G.
Published: October 2016

This chapter is aimed to analyse professional integrity as an improvement concept to the actual values and virtues and meaning managerial capabilities and attitudes to assume any professional task. This paper is aimed to analyse a case of management education for professional integrity at the University Centre for Economic and Managerial Sciences, University of Guadalajara. Methodology: The research method employed is the ethnographic, document and life's histories, complemented with field work supported by in-depth interviews and analysed using a comparative method. Results: The outcomes of the research on the application in management education demonstrate that the drama of economic efficiency is centred on a dysfunctional professional integrity. This chapter provides a sound professional philosophy that empowers professionals to act with integrity, increases the probability for long-term success and professional fulfilment.
Job Satisfaction and Teachers Retention
Authors: Singh Rupali , Chawla Ginni , Desai Avani
Published: October 2016

The objective of this research is to provide a platform to researchers to formulate retention strategies for their respective teaching staff and institutes. The present study has thus undertaken extensive literature review and depicted the impact of job satisfaction in teacher's retention at management institutes in India. The scope of present study is to identify the factors affecting teacher's retention in management institutes in Indian and also to explore the importance of job satisfaction in the same. The future research direction of the present study is to engage the Baron and Kenny, 1986 model for mediation regression analysis and conduct the institute specific study for exploring the frequency of each factor in retaining teachers within their institutes.
Paradigm Shift in Management Education
Authors: Nayak Smitha , Prabhu Nandan
Published: October 2016

Scholars, in the field of management education, have questioned the efficacy of current focus of business education in creating effective managers. Gulf between theory and practice, undue emphasis on conceptual knowledge, and lamentable attention to knowledge assimilation are cited as the prominent reasons for significantly low level of managerial effectiveness. In this regard, this chapter analyses the current paradigms of management education in its attempt to make a case for the need for a paradigm shift in education. Review of prior research clearly articulates the need for a cross functional approach to management education to bridge the gap between theory and its application. Further, this chapter discusses the dimensions of the process-orientation paradigm that it articulates. Potential contributions of process orientation paradigm and challenges before the cross-functional perspective of management education are also presented.
A Study on Different Edge Detection Techniques in Digital Image Processing
Authors: Chakraborty Shouvik , Roy Mousomi , Hore Sirshendu
Published: October 2016

Image segmentation is one of the fundamental problems in image processing. In digital image processing, there are many image segmentation techniques. One of the most important techniques is Edge detection techniques for natural image segmentation. Edge is a one of the basic feature of an image. Edge detection can be used as a fundamental tool for image segmentation. Edge detection methods transform original images into edge images benefits from the changes of grey tones in the image. The image edges include a good number of rich information that is very significant for obtaining the image characteristic by object recognition and analyzing the image. In a gray scale image, the edge is a local feature that, within a neighborhood, separates two regions, in each of which the gray level is more or less uniform with different values on the two sides of the edge. In this paper, the main objective is to study the theory of edge detection for image segmentation using various computing approaches.
A Study on Various Image Processing Techniques and Hardware Implementation Using Xilinx System Generator
Authors: Rani Jyotsna , Kumar Ram , Sarkar Abahan , Talukdar Fazal A.
Published: October 2016

This article reviews the various image processing techniques in MATLAB and also hardware implementation in FPGA using Xilinx system generator. Image processing can be termed as processing of images using mathematical operations by using various forms of signal processing techniques. The main aim of image processing is to extract important features from an image data and process it in a desired manner and to visually enhance or to statistically evaluate the desired aspect of the image. This article provides an insight into the various approaches of Digital Image processing techniques in Matlab. This article also provides an introduction to FPGA and also a step by step tutorial in handling Xilinx System Generator. The Xilinx System Generator tool is a new application in image processing and offers a friendly environment design for the processing. This tool support software simulation, but the most important is that can synthesize in FPGAs hardware, with the parallelism, robust and speed, this features are essentials in image processing. Implementation of these algorithms on a FPGA is having advantage of using large memory and embedded multipliers. Advances in FPGA technology with the development of sophisticated and efficient tools for modelling, simulation and synthesis have made FPGA a highly useful platform.
Assessing Consumer Reactions with Neuroscientific Measurements
Authors: Rumpf Christopher , Breuer Christoph
Published: October 2016

Positive consumer reactions to corporate marketing activities are regarded a key driver of business success. Since consumer reactions occur to a large extent on non-conscious levels, traditional market research approaches provide limited insights into the consumer's perceptions and intentions. This chapter demonstrates how neuroscientific measurements can contribute to a deeper understanding about critical processes in the consumer's “black box”. Two generic approaches will be outlined: Whereas brain imaging techniques create pictures reflecting brain activity in response to marketing stimuli, psychophysiological methods assess body signals as correlates of neural activity. The chapter provides a general understanding about the meaningful application of neuroscientific measurements in consumer research and presents a critical reflection on the opportunities and challenges of different neuroscientific measurements.
Neuromarketing Step by Step
Authors: Valencia Erick
Published: October 2016

The author's recommendation in its proposal on current marketing is the most scientific approach to a topic with so many contradictions; due to trendy, current, efficiency or social deception. These and other statements about neuromarketing have made a topic of importance in world literature. The purpose at this time, was to make an explanation of neuromarketing based on rigorous scientific knowledge. Based on that, the author approaches without fear neuro-scientific concepts with the expertise of an experienced person in the field, and with the knowledge of the mixture with the administrative areas. The aim was to go from cell structure and explanation of how to measure, through the proper interpretation of what is measured, and reaching the practical application of the technique of neuromarketing for companies in 10 steps. Finally, clear scientific advances come to increase the study of “Neuromarketing”.
Neuromarketing Perspective of Consumer Choice
Authors: Lahmiri Salim
Published: October 2016

Behavioural research attempts to study how individuals make decisions and interact and influence other individuals, organizations, markets and society. In this regard, applied neuroscience in human decision-making has gained an increasing attention in recent decades with emergence of two disciplines; namely neuroeconomics and neuromarketing. Indeed, neuroeconomics has emerged as a multidisciplinary research area that integrates knowledge from neuroscience, psychology, and economics to better understand economic decision making and to specify more accurate models of choice and decision. In particular, neuroeconomics is becoming an attractive area of study and research in financial decision making with particular emphasis on understanding investor sentiment and fear when faced to different investment opportunities characterized by various scenarios. In particular, it aims to understand and explain consumer decision process and influence of marketing key factors on consumer choice. As a result, companies may define appropriate marketing strategies based on neuromarketing studies.
Neuroscience Applications in Financial Markets
Authors: Falsarone Alessia
Published: October 2016

The 2007-2008 Global Financial Crisis provided strong evidence of social dynamics in global financial markets which challenge basic rationality of independent decision makers when choices invoke short term trade-offs as opposed to sustainable long term socio-economic value creation and its ethical implications. Individual market participants are drawn into a Darwinian review of today's decision making environment in which they are called to make choices under systemic uncertainty. Sophisticated visualization tools from fMRI to PET scans allow for brain functions and decision making behaviors to be analyzed in an evolutionary context. From the theory of bounded rationality to its modern critiques by behavioralists, this chapter investigates how social learning may be at its best right at this moment, when ambiguity and known unknowns are extensive and expected utility frameworks are being replaced by local optima findings and “good enough” solutions.
Mini Livestock Ranching
Authors: Singh-Ackbarali Dimple , Maharaj Rohanie
Published: October 2016

The rising demand and cost of animal protein, food and feed insecurity, environmental and climatic challenges of livestock agriculture have made the option of insects as food sources a viable topic. This chapter presents existing information and research on edible insects, insect farms and value-added insect products and assesses insects as a potential source of food and feed. Mini livestock ranching where edible insect species are reared, can reduce some of the negative environmental effects of livestock agriculture as it will produce significantly less greenhouse gas emissions compared with traditional livestock and have similar nutritional profiles. Edible insect species also; have a much lower feed to meat ratio, require small areas of land and have an almost negligible water requirement. There is an untapped potential to increase access to this nutritious, climate-smart food via intensified semi-cultivation and raising insects in farming environments, developing value added products and also a potential for a significant source of income.
Academic Misconduct and the Internet
Authors: Ison David
Published: October 2016

This chapter provides a general background on the problem of plagiarism, how the Internet has been implicated as a negative influence on Academic Integrity (AI), empirical study data on the influences of the Internet on plagiarism, reasons why students may conduct plagiarism, and best practices in the use of plagiarism detection. Within the first section, three empirical studies are highlighted to indicate the actual occurrence of plagiarism in graduate education and the role the Internet may play in influencing AI. In the second section, a description of both how and why students conduct plagiarism is presented. Existing literature on the topic is explored to better inform stakeholders on the ‘why' component with suggestions for potential mitigating solutions. The subsequent section describes plagiarism detection software that is commonly in use across the globe including best practices on how to interpret detection results. Lastly, recommendations and calls for future research are provided.
Cheating
Authors: Conway Cassandra Sligh , Harris Stanley Melton , Sims Yvonne , Smith Susan , Staten Bridget Hollis , Maultsby Michelle , Hayes Gloria , Mutisya Philliph Masila , Osler II James Edward
Published: October 2016

Gone are the days when the traditional classroom is the only way to teach concepts to students. Now, the digital age allows professors a new territory to embark on. Currently, professors can add program features inside Blackboard or other courses which allow students to take quizzes, game simulations, and real life virtual simulations of cases (e.g., nurses giving care to consumers, students giving instructions on the correct theories to apply to situations, students participating in quizzes that require them to produce lighting via digital cameras in a field type environment etc.). With these new ways to teach in the digital age, there may be more challenges to introduce safeguards for cheating when the student is not face-to-face with the instructor monitoring their progress on examinations etc. Consequently, cheating in Higher Education (HE) classrooms is rampant at some universities. This chapter provides a discussion on cheating. In addition, authors discuss their digital learning activities and their experiences in which students have cheated and state safeguards to guard against cheating. In noting their perceptions of digital cheating, further discussions will compare and contrast the experiences of the faculty. This work provides recommendations and suggests solutions to combat cheating.
Academic Dishonesty among Engineering Undergraduates in the United States
Authors: Harding Trevor S. , Finelli Cynthia J. , Carpenter Donald D.
Published: October 2016

Over the past 15-years the authors have undertaken a series of research studies examining the tendency of undergraduate engineering students to participate in unethical behaviors, such as academic dishonesty, and the nature of the decision-making that such students use when faced with an opportunity to behave unethically. The four studies, PACES-1, WES, PACES-2, and SEED, have elucidated the extent of the problem of academic dishonesty among engineering students and demonstrated that cheating in college is associated with unethical workplace behaviors. They have also confirmed that a model of ethical decision-making can successfully predict an individual's intention to engage in unethical behavior in the future. Finally, the studies have shown that, while engineering students' ethical reasoning improves throughout college, their tendency to engage in unethical behaviors such as cheating actually increases, suggesting there is a gap between moral judgment capacity and moral behavior.
Ignorance or Intent?
Authors: Baker-Gardner Ruth , Smart Cherry-Ann
Published: October 2016

Plagiarism among students at Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) remains of great concern to faculty and administrators globally, as well as in the English-speaking Caribbean. Although this Cheating Behavior (CB) has been examined in multiple disciplines, few studies have examined it from the viewpoint of Library and Information Science (LIS) students. This is an important lacuna given CB's link to workplace practices and the imminent role of LIS students as information disseminators and protectors of creators' intellectual property rights. Using an explanatory sequential mixed method approach, this small scale case study sought to acquire a better understanding of LIS students' understanding, awareness and knowledge of plagiarism. The views of first and third year undergraduates and postgraduates were analyzed and assessed. The results demonstrated the need for early pedagogical interventions on plagiarism, greater collaboration between faculty and the library, and LIS students' engagement into the Community of Practice (CoP) and profession of librarianship.
Strategies on Addressing Contract Cheating
Authors: Kong Eric , Goh Steven Ching-Nam , Gussen Benjamen Franklen , Turner Joanna , Abawi Lindy-Anne
Published: October 2016

Contract cheating is becoming a real challenge to many universities. Not only is it a relatively new phenomenon, but also it is difficult to prove as the work is often original and unlikely to be detected using standard anti-plagiarism text-matching services such as Turnitin or Erkund. Using a literature review approach, this chapter examines why students in general would take risks to engage in contract cheating and what strategies could be implemented to prevent or lower the chance for them to be engaged in this type of academic misconduct. An Australian regional university, which is also a leader in distance learning in the country, was used as a case for this study. The findings and recommendations provide insights for Australian university policy-makers when developing strategies, procedures and policies to face this issue. Limitations and future research directions are also discussed.
Students' Perceptions of Cheating and Plagiarism
Authors: Badea Mihaela , Presada Diana
Published: October 2016

There has been much discussion about the phenomenon of cheating in the system of education in general and in Higher Education (HE) in particular. Current research has analyzed this aspect from various viewpoints noting either the factors leading to such a phenomenon or the appropriate measures conducive to its elimination or diminution. As a result, the authors considered the moral side of the phenomenon explaining it as a fraudulent activity that should be corrected by means of rules and regulations established by each institution. Another aspect discussed in this chapter is an analysis of the existing norms regarding cheating at the academic level, by comparing various policies and procedures adopted by several Romanian universities. The purpose of such an enterprise consists in finding out the best solutions to the issue of dishonest behavior in universities in order to promote Academic Integrity (AI) among university staff and students.
Design Optimization of a Wind Turbine Using Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Jayabalan Jagan , Yildirim Dalkilic , Kim Dookie , Samui Pijush
Published: October 2016

This chapter examines the capability of Support Vector Machine (SVM), Relevance Vector Machine (RVM) and Genetic Programming (GP) for the optimal design of wind turbine. The excellent design has been influenced by various factors, such as profile of the blade, number of blades, power factor and tip speed ratio. The key to design a wind turbine is to Assessing the optimal tip speed ratio (TSR) is the key for designing the wind turbine. This chapter handles the Artificial Intelligence techniques in predicting the optimal TSR and the power factor based on the parameters engaged for NACA 4415 and LS-1 profile types with 3 and 4 blades. The organized machine learning framework is anticipated to be lucrative than the traditional way in foretelling the TSR and power factor. The machine learning models are then compared with the existing Neural Network model and the pros and cons of the various models are inferred from the results.
Reliability Optimization of Complex Systems Using Cuckoo Search Algorithm
Authors: Kumar Anuj , Pant Sangeeta , Singh S. B.
Published: October 2016

In this chapter, authors briefly discussed about the classification of reliability optimization problems and their nature. Background of reliability and optimization has also been provided separately so that one can clearly understand the basic terminology used in the field of reliability optimization. Classification of various optimization techniques have also been discussed by the authors. Few metaheuristic techniques related to reliability optimization problems like Genetic Algorithm (GA), Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) have been discussed in brief. Thereafter, authors have discussed about Cuckoo Search Algorithm (CSA) which is the main focus of this chapter. Finally, Cuckoo Search Algorithm has been applied for solving reliability optimization problems of two complex systems namely complex bridge system and life support system in space capsule. Simulation results and conclusion have been presented in the last followed by the references.
Walking Control of Humanoid Robots on Uneven Ground Using Fuzzy Algorithm
Authors: Abdolshah Saeed , Abdolshah Mohammad , Abdolshah Majid , Hashemi S. Vahid
Published: October 2016

Walking control of humanoid robots is a challenging issue. In this chapter, a method for modeling humanoid robots is presented considering the human being indices such as DOFs, mass and the moment of inertia of the segments. In the next step, a walking pattern on the flat ground is generated and the robot motion is simulated in the MSC. Visual Nastran 4D™ software. ZMP trajectory of the simulated humanoid robot in walking cycle has been obtained. An uneven ground is generated in the software, where the robot falls down during the motion. A fuzzy algorithm is employed to balance the robot; input is defined as the differences between the projections of ZMP in flat and uneven ground and output is a compensative signal to make the robot follow the flat ground ZMP pattern to refuse the robot falling. Output signal is distributed in different joints to make faster and more effective compensation. Although the type of uneven ground can be important, but the robot could successfully pass the designed uneven ground in MSC.Visual Nastran 4D.
Development of Path Tracking Control Algorithm for a 4 DOF Spatial Manipulator Using PID Controller
Authors: Bonikila Pradeep Reddy , Mandava Ravi Kumar , Vundavilli Pandu Ranga
Published: October 2016

The path tracking phenomenon of a robotic manipulator arm plays an important role, when the manipulators are used in continuous path industrial applications, such as welding, machining and painting etc. Nowadays, robotic manipulators are extensively used in performing the said tasks in industry. Therefore, it is essential for the manipulator end effector to track the path designed to perform the task in an effective way. In this chapter, an attempt is made to develop a feedback control method for a 4-DOF spatial manipulator to track a path with the help of a PID controller. In order to design the said controller, the kinematic and dynamic models of the robotic manipulator are derived. Further, the concept of inverse kinematics has been used to track different paths, namely a straight line and parabolic paths continuously. The effectiveness of the developed algorithm is tested on a four degree of freedom manipulator arm in simulations.
Journey from Order to Chaos and Returning
Authors: Singh Anuraj
Published: October 2016

In this chapter, different aspects have been described to investigate the ecological system with respect to several factors that may be responsible for emergence of complex behaviors. Some mathematical models incorporate time delay(s) such as delay due to maturation, gestation and other kinds of negative feedback. These nonlinear delay models have led to complexities in the system. The emphasis is to explore the complex dynamical behaviors including chaos in ecological models with respect to different control parameters. Motivation behind synchronization and stabilization of chaos in the system has also been emphasized. Hence, in this chapter attempts have been made to study order and chaos in variety of models applicable to multi-species ecological systems. Such a study is important since the ecological systems have all the necessary ingredients to be able to support chaos. The attempt is made to brief different mechanism that may bring order into chaotic systems or vice versa.
What do we Know and Where Can We Grow?
Authors: Dickenson Patricia
Published: October 2016

General educators have been charged with the responsibility of teaching students with exceptionalities, yet many report they do not have the skills to effectively instruct diverse learners, including those with disabilities (Blanton, et al., 2011). Currently, more than half of all students with disabilities spend about 80% of their day in the general education classroom (U.S. Department of Education, 2011). This shift to educate all in the general education classroom increases the demand on teachers to be accountable for all learners academic achievement. The goal of this chapter is to provide instructors of teacher education programs with a review of current research in the field and recommendations for teacher preparation programs to effectively support and positively shape pre-service teachers attitudes and beliefs about students with exceptionalities.
Instructional Scaffolding to Promote an Autonomous Learner
Authors: Gregory Jess L.
Published: October 2016

An autonomous learner has developed an intrinsic motivation that drives him or her to pursue learning for the inherent satisfaction and enjoyment that stems from the acquisition of knowledge. This chapter presents strategies for teachers to develop a classroom of more autonomous learners. In addition to some strategies and sequencing of activities to maximize their impact, the chapter presents Universal Design for Learning as a framework for thinking about all teaching and ways to apply differentiated instruction to meet the needs of all learners. While there is a focus on the experience of a novice teacher, the content of this chapter is relevant for all educators looking to reinvigorate their practice to empower students to be more in command of their own learning.
Supporting Secondary Students with Disabilities in an Inclusive Environment
Authors: Epler Pam L.
Published: October 2016

This chapter is designed to inform and educate secondary (Grades 6–12) pre-service teachers on how to provide content and design assignments for students within the special education continuum. The chapter is divided into 12 sections, one for each IDEA disability category. Each section includes the definition and characteristics of the specific category as well as how it impacts learning. The prevalence of the exceptionality occurring in the secondary classroom is also discussed, thus informing pre-service teacher candidates about which disability categories they are most likely to encounter while teaching. Also included in each section is a discussion and examples of various research-based instructional strategies and assignments as well as resources such as websites or illustrations that can be utilized.
Best Practices Implementing Special Education Curriculum and Common Core State Standards using UDL
Authors: Keough Penelope D. , Pacis Dina
Published: October 2016

The purpose of this chapter is to provide a model for collaboration between general education and special education teachers using Universal Design for Learning (UDL) to align common core state standards with instruction for students with special needs. A history of how UDL came to be and how it is now a strategic tool to support all learners is explored. Best practices are offered as supportive instructional strategies. An example of how UDL can be aligned with Common Core State Standards and the goal(s) found in an Individual Educational Plan (IEP) will also be provided. This model supports collaboration between general education and special education teachers in an effort to ensure that general education curriculum can be accessed by students with special needs.
Implementing Effective Student Support Teams
Authors: Crosby-Cooper Tricia , Pacis Dina
Published: October 2016

Pre-service teachers in a K-12 setting, encounter students in need of academic and behavioral supports. One method of providing supports to struggling students in the general education and special education setting is through the problem-solving process of pre-referral intervention, hence forth referred to as Student Support Teams (SST) within Response-to-Intervention. During the SST process, student's academic and/or behavioral difficulties are considered through a multidisciplinary approach. Research demonstrates the use of a multi-tiered problem solving approach as a means to provide supports for students prior to special education eligibility and placement. Additionally, there are concerns regarding implementation and teacher perceptions (Powers, 2001) on the effectiveness of the intervention and collaboration between general education and special education teachers (Graden, 1989). This chapter discusses historical aspects, purpose and process, best practices, and challenges of SSTs, while presenting strategies for teachers and educators to effectively implement the SST process.
IoT for Ambient Assisted Living
Authors: Corno Fulvio , De Russis Luigi , Roffarello Alberto Monge
Published: October 2016

Research activities on healthcare support systems mainly focus on people in their own homes or nurses and doctors in hospitals. A limited amount of research aims at supporting caregivers that work with people with disabilities in assisted living facilities (ALFs). This chapter explores and applies the Internet of Things to the ALF context. In particular, it presents the design, the implementation, and the experimental evaluation of Care4Me, a system supporting the daily activities of assistants. The requirements for designing and implementing Care4Me derive from a literature analysis and from a user study. The solution combines wearable and mobile technologies. With this healthcare support system, caregivers can be automatically alerted of potentially hazardous situations. Furthermore, inhabitants can require assistance instantly and from any point of the facility. The system was evaluated in two ways. The authors performed a functional test with a group of professional caregivers, and deployed the system in an ALF in Italy, collecting the opinions of caregivers and inhabitants.
Citizen Science, Air Quality, and the Internet of Things
Authors: Black Ilze , White Graham
Published: October 2016

This chapter discusses the emergence of the Internet of Things, using a case study of a citizen science initiative, focusing in particular on issues involved in measuring air quality. The core of the citizen science initiative was formed by a world-wide network of early adaptors of the Internet of Things who, motivated by public health issues, set out to create widely available tools for air quality measuring. With these tools, they established a global, citizen-led, air quality measurement network. Besides highlighting a number of social and technological issues which are involve any such enterprise, this chapter engages with the discourse surrounding the use of IoT in collective sensing projects. Two questions are salient here. Firstly, can IoT technology be used in a citizen science context to monitor air quality? And secondly, does the construction of these devices lead to a successful mobilisation around issues of air quality?
Social Internet of Things in Healthcare
Authors: Turcu Cristina Elena , Turcu Corneliu Octavian
Published: October 2016

This chapter presents a future vision for healthcare, which will involve smart devices, Internet of Things, and social networks, that make this vision a reality. The authors present the necessary background by introducing the Social Internet of Things paradigm. Agent technology seems to be a promising approach in the adoption of the Social Internet of Things in collaborative environments with increased autonomy and agility, like healthcare is. Also, it is examined challenges to the adoption of the Social Internet of Things in healthcare in order to facilitate new applications and services in more effective and efficient ways.
Effect of Curing Time and Temperature on the Structural Stability of Melamine Formaldehyde Polymers
Authors: Katekomol Phisan
Published: October 2016

Melamine-formaldehyde polymer was synthesized into the form of self-supporting films. The structural stability of these films was investigated by means of spectroscopy and thermal analysis. The curing temperature and time has effects on the structural stability of the resulting polymer films. In this work, polymer film cured at 200 °C for 12 hours showed highest structural stability compared to those cured at lower temperature and shorter time duration.
A DFT Investigation of the Molecular Structure and UV Absorption Spectra of 2-Ethylhexyl 2-Hydroxybenzoate (Octisalate) and Meta-Substituted 2-Ethylhexyl 2-Hydroxybenzoate: Sunscreen Applications
Authors: Punyain Wikorn
Published: October 2016

2-ethylhexyl 2-hydroxybenzoate (octisalate) is one of organic compounds containing in sunscreen products to absorb ultraviolet radiation. Density Functional Theory (DFT) was used to investigate the molecular structure and the ultraviolet (UV) absorption spectrum of 2-ethylhexyl 2-hydroxybenzoate and meta-substituted 2-ethylhexyl 2-hydroxybenzoate to model the novel sunscreen compounds. The geometry optimizations and frequency calculations were done at B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory. The 10 vertical excitation calculations were performed by Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory (TD-DFT) at B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level. The solvent effects were taken into account by using the Polarizable Continuum Model (CPCM). It was found that the intramolecular hydrogen bond occurred in the 2-ethylhexyl 2-hydroxybenzoate structure. The UV absorption spectrum in the UVA and UVB regions are π→π* transitions (HOMO→LUMO transitions). The calculated UV absorption spectrum of the 2-ethylhexyl 2-hydroxybenzoate and its derivatives are significantly affected by the substitution groups.
A New Block Matching Algorithm for Motion Estimation
Authors: Wu Chia Ming , Huang Jen Yi
Published: October 2016

Motion estimation has been the most key role on video processing. It is usually applied to block matching algorithm for choosing the best motion vector. The two adjacent images are searched to find the displacement of the same object in the video image. Many fast motion vector block matching algorithms are proposed, and they achieve the efficiency of motion compensation and video compression. In our paper, we propose a new algorithm that is based on ARPS. The experimental results show that the PSNR of the proposed method is better than that of other block matching methods on many kinds of video.
Checking Adulteration of Aromatic, Amylose Content and Glutinous in Rice by Using Molecular Marker
Authors: Boondech Atirada , Sajaw Sunisa
Published: October 2016

The purification of rice varieties were tested by using molecular markers. DNA fingerprint is the most accurate method. This research was extracted single milled rice seed varieties, which includes Proteinase K in SDS extraction buffer and 2x CTAB. Three simple sequence repeats (SSRs) markers for varietal purity test are 1) BO3, which completely co-segregate with the rice grain aroma. This primer pair amplifying a 140 bp fragment for an aromatic variety, KDML105 and a 130 bp fragment for a non-aromatic variety, RD29, 41, 49 and rice berry, respectively. 2) RM190, which is closely linked to waxy gene. This primer pair amplifying a 125 bp fragment for low amylose content, Sao-hai, RD 29, RD 41, RD 49 rice varieties and a 110 bp fragments for high amylose varieties, rice berry, KDML 105 and 3) Glu23, which is glutinous marker. This primer pair amplifying a 196 bp fragment for a non-glutinous variety, RD 29, RD 41, RD 49, rice berry and a 225 bp fragments for glutinous varieties, Keaw-Ngoo sticky rice. All markers can be checking adulteration of aromatic, amylose content and glutinous in rice by using molecular Marker.
First Principles Study on the Stability and Electronic Structures of 7,8-Dichloro-4-Oxo-4H-Chromene-3-Carbaldehyde
Authors: Toh Pek Lan , Meepripruk Montha , Ang Lee Sin , Sulaiman Shukri , Mohamed-Ibrahim Mohamed Ismail
Published: October 2016

The molecular structures and electronic properties of 7,8-Dichloro-4-Oxo-4H-Chromene-3-Carbaldehyde, C10H4Cl2O3 have been studied using Density Functional Theory (DFT) method. The calculation of geometry optimization was conducted to find the local energy minimum of C10H4Cl2O3 molecular system. The equilibrium geometries were used to determine the HOMO-LUMO gaps, Mulliken atomic charges, and other electronic structures of C10H4Cl2O3. The significant findings from DFT/B3LYP functional within the basis sets of 6-31G**, 6-31++G**, 6-311G**, and 6-311++G** show that the optimized geometries of C10H4Cl2O3 are in good agreement with that of measurement data. To further investigate this, using a variety of basis sets (3-21G, 6-31G, 6-31++G, 6-31G**, 6-31++G**, 6-311G, 6-311++G, 6-311G**, and 6-311++G**), it is found that the calculated total energy values of C10H4Cl2O3 are close to each other. Similarly, the computed HOMO-LUMO energy gaps obtained are also close to each other. Using the scheme of Mulliken Population Analysis (MPA), the trend of findings are the same for both cases of B3LYP/6-31G and B3LYP/6-31G** level of calculations. For the method of B3LYP/6-31G, it is clearly found that C4 and C6 have the highest positively charge, with the corresponding values about +0.284 and +0.238, respectively. On the other hand, the charge values of +0.157 and +0.206 are found on Cl1 and Cl2 atoms. The atoms of O1, O2, and O3 have the negatively charges, with the values of about 0.398, -0.512, and -0.424, respectively. Similarly, in the case of DFT/B3LYP/6-31G** level of theory, the computed charge values of C2 and C4 are about +0.311 and +0.393, respectively. Furthermore, the Cl1 and Cl2 atoms have the positively charge values of about +0.043 and +0.070, whereas for the O1, O2, and O3 atoms, the charges values obtained are about -0.421, -0.467, and -0.498, respectively.
Isolation of Bacteria from Clarifier Effluent of Sour Pork Industry Able to Produce 1,3-Propanediol from Crude Glycerol
Authors: Pinyaphong Porntippa , Sriburee Pensiri
Published: October 2016

The objective of this research was to isolate bacteria able to utilize glycerol as carbon source and study the optimal condition of 1,3-propanediol production from crude glycerol. The bacteria B-2, B-4 and B-7 could grow and produce 1,3-propanediol in basal medium formula 1,2 and 3 that containing glycerol as energy and carbon sources. The bacteria B-2 produced highest 1,3-propanediol in basal medium formula 2. In addition, the various factors that influenced to crude glycerol fermentation in basal medium formula 2 by the bacteria B-2 were investigated. It was found that the optimal conditions of 1,3-propanediol production were 10% bacterial inoculums and crude glycerol about 50 g/L was added. pH of basal medium was adjusted around 7 and the bacterial culture was incubated at 30°C with shaking at 100 rpm for 3 days. The highest yield of 1,3-propanediol was obtained about 0.4167 g/L.
Inhibition of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 In Vitro by Durian (Durio zibethinus Murray) Seed Coat Crude Extracts
Authors: Nikomtat Jiraporn , Pinnak Pattachai , Lapmak Kodchakorn , Tammalungka Pathompong , Thiankhanithikun Thitiphorn , Tragoolpua Yingmanee
Published: October 2016

The aim of this study was to determine Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2G) inhibition by durian seed coat crude extracts. Dried native durian seed coat from Lab-Lae District, Uttaradit Province was extracted with solvents; distilled water and ethanol. Subsequently, two durian seed coat crude extracts were investigated their cytotoxicity on Vero cells and determined HSV-2G inhibition by plaque reduction assay. The results displayed that 50%cytotoxicity dose (CD50) of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of durian seed coat were 224.40 and 112.47 μg/ml, respectively. Moreover, the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of durian seed coat at a concentration of 100 μg/ml could inhibit HSV-2G by 36.34 ± 1.47 and 61.56 ± 5.30%, respectively. This study displayed the one of advantages of native seed durian in Uttaradit.
Effect of Different Cooking Method on Cooking Loss and Lipid Oxidation in Buffalo Meat
Authors: Klinhom Phongchai , Klinhom Jitra , Methawiwat Sasithorn
Published: October 2016

The aim of this work was to study the influence of different cooking methods (grilling, roasting, boiling, steaming and frying) on cooking loss and lipid oxidation of buffalo meat (Semimembranosus). Cooking induces significantly cooking loss and lipid oxidation (TBARs index) in meat product (P<0.05). When the different cooking methods were examined, grilling method showed lesser extent of cooking loss and higher level of MDA concentration compared to steaming which was observed with higher cooking loss but lower level of MDA concentration (P<0.05). There were no significant differences on cooking loss and MDA concentration among the rest of the cooking methods (P>0.05). The cooking loss was found to be related to MDA level with r= -0.54 (P<0.05). It has been suggested in this study that cooking loss could be possible response to MDA level in buffalo meat product.
Nondestructive Determination of Maturity of the Monthong Durian by Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCCs) and Neural Network
Authors: Khunarsa Peerapol , Mahawan Julalug , Nakjai Pisit , Onkhum Nerissa
Published: October 2016

The challenging for buyers around the globe to identify good quality of Durian. For several kinds of Durian, it may be difficult for buyers to determine the Durian quality by appearance. The ability to select only good quality Durian without cutting or cleaving is useful because buyers will not waste money ordering undesirable Durian.This paper proposes a nondestructive technique to determine the stages of maturity of durian fruits. The presented methodology utilizes the concept of pattern matching. We used the local knocking equipment to knock the durian for knocked-sound. After that the knocked-sound was analyzed and generated to Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs) that is used to train data for the classifier. Feed-Forward Neural Network was used for the classifier and can effectively classification the stages of maturity of durian fruits with accuracy rate more than 82%.
Biodiesel Production from Sterculia foetida Oil by Using Solid Support Catalyst
Authors: Vorasingha Anusorn
Published: October 2016

In the present work, the properties of bioester from Samrong oil (Sterculia Foetida) and characteristics of cellulose solid catalyst are described. Heterogeneous catalyst was prepared via carbonization, sulfonation and purification giving solid catalyst as brown powder. Control parameters were time and temperature of carbonization and sulfonation reaction, ratio of sulfuric acid to solid material and weight of solid material. The optimized carbonization condition was 300 °C for 15 h. The sulfonation temperature was 150 oC for 18 h under N2 producing 7.99 mmol/g of acid concentration on solid catalyst. The acidity in water of solid catalyst after purification and drying was decreasing. The results of biodiesel production showed that the triglyceride could be converted to biodiesel directly by one-step sulfonic acid catalyzed process. The experimental condition of reaction process was 3.0 M of catalyst concentration with 9:1 M ratio of methanol to triglyceride at the temperature of 80 °C. This catalysts provided high reactivity of transesterification. The present procedure represents a simple method for biodiesel production with a short reaction time and with moderate conversion rate.