bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tax Governance and Corporate Labor Investment Efficiency: A Quasi‐Natural Experiment From China
Authors: Yang Laifeng , Lu Junwei , Wang Qing Sophie , Lai Shaojie
Published: July 2024

Research Question/Issue

We take advantage of China's staggered rollout of the Golden Tax Phase (GTP) III reform to examine how enhanced tax governance through digitalization affects corporate labor investment efficiency (LIE).

Research Findings/Insights

Applying a staggered difference‐in‐differences approach to Chinese A‐share listed companies spanning from 2010 to 2017, our research reveals a significant improvement in LIE due to digitalized tax governance. Our path analysis demonstrates that the relationship between tax governance and LIE is mediated by enhancements in corporate governance and information quality. Notably, improved information quality exerts a more substantial influence than corporate governance. In addition to these mediated pathways, we identify a residual direct effect from digitalized tax governance to LIE.

Theoretical/Academic Implications

This study uncovers a causal relationship between digitalized tax governance and corporate LIE. It offers new insights into the broader effects of tax governance, specifically how businesses adjust their employment decisions when tax administration becomes more digitalized.

Practitioner/Policy Implications

This study highlights a positive externality of digitalized tax governance, offering valuable insights for policymakers aiming to optimize tax administration processes through information technology.
Obscure representations from a pragmatic point of view
Authors: Russell Francey
Published: July 2024

Kant's most sustained discussion of obscure representations can be found in the first book of his Anthropology from a Pragmatic Point of View. What is puzzling is that in the middle of the section devoted to the topic, Kant asserts that “because this field can only be perceived in his passive side as a play of sensations, the theory of obscure representations belongs only to physiological anthropology, and so it is properly disregarded here.” So, do obscure representations belong to pragmatic anthropology or not? Kant's official position is that they do not, yet the textual evidence—we find discussions of obscure representations in 20 years of his work on pragmatic anthropology—suggests that they do, in fact, belong here. Most of the literature on obscure representations focuses on their contribution to cognition and none has clarified what it would mean to assume a “pragmatic point of view” on obscure representations, and to study them in the context of pragmatic anthropology. My aim in this paper is to provide such clarification, focusing on Kant's discussion of our propensity to “play with” obscure representations and what he calls our “art of obscuring.”
Effects of input data accuracy, catchment threshold areas and calibration algorithms on model uncertainty reduction
Authors: Wu Lei , Xu Yonghong , Li Ruizhi
Published: July 2024

Low resolution of input data and equifinality in model calibration can lead to inaccuracy and insufficient reflection of spatial differences, thereby increasing model errors. However, the impact of input data accuracy, catchment threshold area, and calibration algorithm on model uncertainty reduction has not yet been well understood. The sequential uncertainty fitting version 2 (SUFI‐2) that is linked with the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) in the package called SWAT Calibration Uncertainty Programs (SWAT‐CUP) was introduced to quantify the effects of different input data resolutions on parameter sensitivity and model uncertainty in the Jinghe River watershed, and the effects of different sub‐basin delineations and other two calibration algorithms on model uncertainty were also comparatively analysed. (i) USLE_C, EPCO, ALPHA_BNK, and CN2 are the most sensitive parameters among all SWAT projects. When the change of digital elevation model (DEM) resolution is small, the sensitivity of parameters does not change obviously. When the DEM resolution changes significantly, BIOMIX, LAT_SED, USLE_K, and CH_N1 become highly sensitive parameters by replacing OV_N, SMTMP, SURLAG, and USLE_P. However, the change in land use resolution has little impact on parameter sensitivity, with only a slight change in the sensitivity ranking of specific parameters. (ii) Model uncertainty responded to changes in the resolution of DEM more than land use. Most of the runoff simulations had smaller uncertainties (P factor, R factor, percentage of bias [PBIAS]) than sediment. High resolution DEM data reduced model uncertainty, but the models with 2000 m DEM resolution also achieved small uncertainty. Small catchment threshold area leads to high uncertainty of the model, and large catchment threshold areas decrease the model uncertainty. The model has relatively good simulation effects in runoff and sediment when the catchment threshold area was 2000 km2. (iii) The SWAT model has different simulation deviations and uncertainties in different calibration algorithms, the SUFI‐2 and generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation (GLUE) algorithms show better applicability than particle swarm optimization (PSO). The NSE indicators of the three algorithms are in the following order: SUFI‐2 > GLUE > PSO for runoff, and GLUE > SUFI‐2 > PSO for sediment. This study helps us understand the cause, knowledge of which moves from the particular to the general by the comprehension of essence, power, and nature in reducing model uncertainty.
Role of cover crop roots in soil organic carbon accrual—A review
Authors: Pisarčik M. , Hakl J. , Toleikiene M. , Fuksa P. , Rasmussen J. , Hood‐Nowotny R.
Published: July 2024

Appropriate cover crop (CC) management is an important tool for the improvement of soil carbon stock; however, the relationships between carbon accumulation and CC root traits remain unclear. A literature review was performed to identify the extent and focus of recent research and to answer questions about the role of root traits of CCs in soil C accumulation with regard to species selection, mixture composition and agronomic management. The findings based on the analysis of 69 publications show that a range of root traits such as root biomass, architecture, depth of rooting, root chemical composition, as well as quantity and quality of rhizodeposition, can contribute to soil structure formation and C accumulation. These traits are usually species specific, and it seems that appropriate species combinations in the mixtures can offer the highest potential for optimization of C stock across various environments. However, there has been twice as much recent research on roots of CC monocultures than on mixtures, with little attention paid to agronomic aspects such as plant spatial arrangement or soil tillage in relation to CC root development. Considerations of real management under field conditions could be beneficial in providing greater accuracy of estimation of the contribution of CCs in increasing the SOC stock in croplands.
Effect of intra‐build design parameters on the fracture toughness properties of Electron Beam Melted Ti6Al4V
Authors: Mojib Naghmeh Melody , Fero Kaan , Atmadja Nicole , Arola Dwayne , Chen Xu , Ramulu M.
Published: July 2024

Metal additive manufacturing technologies provide new opportunities for manufacturing complex components. However, the limited data on fracture behavior are delaying adoption in safe‐critical applications. This paper aims to evaluate the effect of orientation and the intra‐build design parameters on EBM Ti6Al4V fracture toughness using a design of experiments. Three builds comprised of over 150 compact tension samples were printed representative of the EBM build chamber, followed by microstructural characterization, X‐ray microcomputed tomography, and fracture toughness testing per ASTM E399. The average fracture toughness was 65 MPa√m, with anisotropy as the largest source of variation due to crack growth behavior with respect to the build direction. Microstructure coarsening was observed with increase in height, resulting in an increase in fracture toughness, irrespective of sample geometry or orientation. Build orientation and sample location influenced the microstructure and fracture toughness and should be considered when adopting EBM components in load‐bearing applications.
Habitat complexity versus habitat heterogeneity: Invertebrates prefer macrophyte stands with intermediate biomass and high functional diversity
Authors: Aleixo Matheus Henrique Ferreira , Possamai Luana Caroliny , de Castro Karis Soares Pereira , Yofukuji Kátia Yasuko , Cardozo Ana Lúcia Paz , Fugi Rosemara
Published: July 2024

Aquatic macrophytes serve as shelter and a direct source of food for invertebrates, in addition to indirectly providing items such as algae, detritus, and microorganisms. Thus, aquatic macrophytes act as habitat structuring elements, requiring a distinction between habitat complexity (physical formations such as fractal dimensions, density and biomass) and habitat heterogeneity (diversity of these structures). Here we explore the effects of habitat complexity and habitat heterogeneity on the invertebrate community.

We collected macrophytes and invertebrates from 28 sampling sites along a 13.7‐km stretch of the Baía River in Brazil, and examined specific groups (insects, microcrustaceans, and other invertebrates). Environmental variables in the sites were also measured. We aimed to explore the effects of habitat complexity (measured by macrophyte biomass) and habitat heterogeneity (evaluated through macrophyte functional diversity) on the richness and abundance of invertebrates.

We found that overall invertebrate richness was positively influenced solely by habitat heterogeneity. For invertebrate abundance, intermediate habitat complexity had more invertebrates, while habitat heterogeneity had a positive impact. Environmental variables influenced only the abundance. For specific groups, insect richness was positively influenced by habitat heterogeneity, while insect abundance decreased with high complexity and increased with high heterogeneity. Microcrustacean abundance was positively influenced by habitat complexity. Richness and abundance of other invertebrates was positively influenced by habitat heterogeneity.

Invertebrates prefer macrophyte stands with intermediate complexity and high heterogeneity. Abundance is linked to structural complexity and heterogeneity, while species richness is more strongly associated with heterogeneity. Furthermore, the impact of these factors varies among invertebrate groups.

These findings emphasise the importance of integrating a broad range of metrics, such as macrophyte biomass and functional diversity, to gain a thorough understanding of invertebrate community dynamics in future studies. Additionally, our study demonstrates that preserving macrophyte stands with high heterogeneity significantly enhances the diversity of associated invertebrate species.
Vulnerability of Eastern Tropical Pacific chondrichthyan fish to climate change
Authors: Cerutti‐Pereyra Florencia , Drenkard Elizabeth J. , Espinoza Mario , Finucci Brittany , Galván‐Magaña Felipe , Hacohen‐Domené Ana , Hearn Alexander , Hoyos‐Padilla Mauricio E. , Ketchum James T. , Mejía‐Falla Paola A. , Moya‐Serrano Ana V. , Navia Andres F. , Pazmiño Diana A. , Ramírez‐Macías Deni , Rummer Jodie L. , Salinas‐de‐León Pelayo , Sosa‐Nishizaki Oscar , Stock Charles , Chin Andrew
Published: July 2024

Climate change is an environmental emergency threatening species and ecosystems globally. Oceans have absorbed about 90% of anthropogenic heat and 20%–30% of the carbon emissions, resulting in ocean warming, acidification, deoxygenation, changes in ocean stratification and nutrient availability, and more severe extreme events. Given predictions of further changes, there is a critical need to understand how marine species will be affected. Here, we used an integrated risk assessment framework to evaluate the vulnerability of 132 chondrichthyans in the Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP) to the impacts of climate change. Taking a precautionary view, we found that almost a quarter (23%) of the ETP chondrichthyan species evaluated were highly vulnerable to climate change, and much of the rest (76%) were moderately vulnerable. Most of the highly vulnerable species are batoids (77%), and a large proportion (90%) are coastal or pelagic species that use coastal habitats as nurseries. Six species of batoids were highly vulnerable in all three components of the assessment (exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity). This assessment indicates that coastal species, particularly those relying on inshore nursery areas are the most vulnerable to climate change. Ocean warming, in combination with acidification and potential deoxygenation, will likely have widespread effects on ETP chondrichthyan species, but coastal species may also contend with changes in freshwater inputs, salinity, and sea level rise. This climate‐related vulnerability is compounded by other anthropogenic factors, such as overfishing and habitat degradation already occurring in the region. Mitigating the impacts of climate change on ETP chondrichthyans involves a range of approaches that include addressing habitat degradation, sustainability of exploitation, and species‐specific actions may be required for species at higher risk. The assessment also highlighted the need to further understand climate change's impacts on key ETP habitats and processes and identified knowledge gaps on ETP chondrichthyan species.
Changing climatic controls on the greenhouse gas balance of thermokarst bogs during succession after permafrost thaw
Authors: Heffernan Liam , Estop‐Aragonés Cristian , Kuhn McKenzie A. , Holger‐Knorr Klaus , Olefeldt David
Published: July 2024

Permafrost thaw in northern peatlands causes collapse of permafrost peat plateaus and thermokarst bog development, with potential impacts on atmospheric greenhouse gas exchange. Here, we measured methane and carbon dioxide fluxes over 3 years (including winters) using static chambers along two permafrost thaw transects in northwestern Canada, spanning young (~30 years since thaw), intermediate and mature thermokarst bogs (~200 years since thaw). Young bogs were wetter, warmer and had more hydrophilic vegetation than mature bogs. Methane emissions increased with wetness and soil temperature (40 cm depth) and modelled annual estimates were greatest in the young bog during the warmest year and lowest in the mature bog during the coolest year (21 and 7 g C‐CH4 m−2 year−1, respectively). The dominant control on net ecosystem exchange (NEE) in the mature bog (between +20 and −54 g C‐CO2 m−2 year−1) was soil temperature (5 cm), causing net CO2 loss due to higher ecosystem respiration (ER) in warmer years. In contrast, wetness controlled NEE in the young and intermediate bogs (between +55 and −95 g C‐CO2 m−2 year−1), where years with periodic inundation at the beginning of the growing season caused greater reduction in gross primary productivity than in ER leading to CO2 loss. Winter fluxes (November–April) represented 16% of annual ER and 38% of annual CH4 emissions. Our study found NEE of thermokarst bogs to be close to neutral and rules out large CO2 losses under current conditions. However, high CH4 emissions after thaw caused a positive net radiative forcing effect. While wet conditions favouring high CH4 emissions only persist for the initial young bog period, we showed that continued climate warming with increased ER, and thus, CO2 losses from the mature bog can cause net positive radiative forcing which would last for centuries after permafrost thaw.
A numerical model sheds new light on the effects of ocean acidification on an indicator species
Authors: Vodopivec Martin
Published: July 2024

A Lagrangian Individual Based Model (IBM) offers new insights into the effects of ocean acidification on pteropods by providing detailed life histories of individuals. A thorough analysis of the results makes it possible to attribute the effects of ocean acidification to different mechanisms.
Partnered Recruitment: Engaging Individuals With Lived Experience in the Recruitment of Co‐Design Participants
Authors: Whitmore Carly , Mytkolli Linxi , Mangialardi Natalie , Maghera Jasmine , Rudick Adam , Shephard Kitty , Zazzera Stephanie , Saiva Anika , McQuire Tracy , Senior Peter , Sherifali Diana , Selby Peter
Published: July 2024

Background

Young adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) face complex health challenges, including a heightened risk for distress. To counter this distress, there is a need to develop accessible, acceptable comprehensive care solutions that integrate diabetes and mental health care to enhance self‐efficacy and counter mental health challenges in this population.

Objective

To describe the engagement of individuals with lived experience of T1D and mental health challenges in the development of a recruitment strategy to support the co‐design of an innovative integrated care programme.

Results

Seven individuals with lived experience formed a Partner Advisory Council (PAC) to recruit young adults (18–29 years old) living with T1D, their friends or family and health researchers and professionals in co‐design interviews (n = 19) and co‐design events (n = 12). The PAC played a key role in developing a comprehensive recruitment strategy, overcoming traditional barriers and stigmas in the design of an integrated model of care.

Conclusion

Assuming the presence of mental health challenges in young adults living with T1D during recruitment had far‐reaching impacts on the development of a whole‐person and integrated diabetes and mental health care solution. The efficient recruitment of this sample provided invaluable insights into the nuanced challenges experienced by young adults with T1D, the individual skills developed in response to their mental health challenges and the ways that this understanding can shape future programming to support mental health, quality of life and well‐being. The ongoing involvement of the PAC as co‐researchers underscores the enduring impact of patient engagement in developing integrated care solutions.

Patient or Public Contribution

The co‐design of the TECC‐T1D3 model was enriched by the invaluable contributions of individuals with lived experience. This included the engagement of a diverse PAC in the recruitment of participants in co‐design interviews and co‐design events. PAC members actively participated in research decision‐making with their insights informing a robust recruitment strategy. Beyond recruitment, PAC members continue to serve as co‐researchers, shaping ongoing research and actively contributing to the TECC‐T1D3 project. Six PAC members are co‐authors on this manuscript.
‘It's Just Not Working’, a Qualitative Exploration of the Weight‐Related Healthcare Experiences of Individuals of Arab Heritage With Higher Weight in Australia
Authors: Hassan Amira , Kerr Deborah A. , Begley Andrea
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Culturally and linguistically diverse population groups disproportionately experience higher weight and other non–weight‐related discrimination in healthcare settings outside of their ancestral country. Little is known about the experiences of individuals with Arab heritage. This study aimed to qualitatively explore the intersectional weight‐related healthcare experiences of individuals of Arab heritage with higher weight in Australia.

Methods

A general inductive enquiry approach was used. Purposive, convenience and snowball sampling was used to recruit individuals of Arab heritage residing in Australia. Individuals were invited to participate in an online semistructured interview. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and thematically analysed.

Results

Fifteen participants took part in the study. Of these participants, 93% were female (n = 14), 80% were aged between 18 and 44 years (n = 12), 73% were university educated (n = 11), 53% were born outside of Australia (n = 8) and all were Muslim (n = 15). Four main themes were identified: (1) appearance‐based judgement, (2) generalised advice and assumptions, (3) cultural responsiveness and (4) healthcare system constraints.

Conclusion

Individuals of Arab heritage with higher weight in Australia, namely, females, often perceive their healthcare experiences as dismissive of their cultural and religious needs and driven by causality assumptions around weight. It is crucial that care delivered encompasses cultural humility, is weight‐inclusive and acknowledges systemic constraints. Cultural safety training benchmarks, healthcare management reform and weight‐inclusive healthcare approaches are recommended to assist healthcare providers in delivering effective, holistic and culturally safe care.

Patient or Public Contribution

Insights gained from conversations with Arab heritage community members with lived experiences regarding weight‐related healthcare encounters informed the study design and approach.
Yao syndrome: a novel systemic autoinflammatory disease with cutaneous manifestations
Authors: Shakhashiro Muna , Sadeghian Shadi , Newcomer Jack , Marzano Angelo Valerio , Maronese Carlo Alberto , Davis John M. , Alavi Afsaneh
Published: July 2024

Yao syndrome (YAOS) is a novel systemic autoinflammatory disease linked to the nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain (NOD2) gene. It is characterized by periodic fevers, gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, arthritis, and dermatitis, among other symptoms. A sparse literature exists on this disease, and little is known about its dermatological manifestations. A review of available literature was performed to characterize the cutaneous manifestations of Yao syndrome. Cutaneous manifestations were documented in 85.7% of patients, with common characteristic descriptions of erythematous patches and plaques involving the face, trunk, abdomen, and extremities. Based on our review of treatment modalities employed for Yao syndrome, prednisone is an appropriate initial approach, with oral sulfasalazine and other disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs serving as appropriate secondary options. YAOS should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with a dermatitic rash, especially in the context of concurrent articular symptoms, periodic fever, and GI symptoms.
Molecular Epidemiology of Human Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 in Children With Acute Respiratory Tract Infection in Hangzhou
Authors: Guo Ya‐jun , Li Lin , Lai Qin‐rui , Wang Ying‐shuo , Li Wei
Published: July 2024

Background

Since the outbreak of COVID‐19, China has undertaken a variety of preventative and control measures, effectively reducing the incidence of numerous infectious diseases among the pediatric population in Hangzhou. We aim to investigate the genetic and epidemiological characteristics of Human parainfluenza virus‐3 (HPIV‐3) in pediatric patients during this period.

Methods

A total of 1442 pharyngeal swab samples were collected from outpatients and inpatients with a diagnosis of acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) from November 2020 to March 2021. HPIV‐3 was detected by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). The L gene of HPIV‐3 positive samples was amplified and sequenced.

Results

Among 1442 children with ARTI, the positive rate of HPIV‐3 was 7.07% (102/1442). The positive detection rate was the highest in the 6‐month to 1‐year age group. Coinfection was observed in 36 HPIV‐3‐positive samples (35.29%, 36/102), and adenovirus (ADV) was the most common coinfecting virus (63.89%, 23/36). The L gene of 48 HPIV‐3 positive samples was sequenced. The nucleotide sequence analysis showed high consistency (92.10%–99.40%), and all strains belonged to C3a.

Conclusions

During study periods, the positive detection rate of HPIV‐3 among children is high, and the highest proportion of coinfection was observed in HPIV‐3 mixed ADV infection. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the nucleotide sequence of the L gene of HPIV‐3 was highly consistent, and the main epidemic strain in this area was the C3a subtype.
Silicon‐Mediated Drought Tolerance: An Enigmatic Perspective in the Root–Soil Interphase
Authors: Bardhan Kirti , Gayan Anjuma , Padukkage Duwini , Datta Avishek , Chen Yinglong , Penna Suprasanna
Published: July 2024

Drought is one of the major yield‐limiting factors under climatic adversaries. The positive role of silicon (Si) in drought tolerance of plants has unfolded a new avenue for enhancing crop productivity through better Si use efficiency. It is hence interesting to understand the mechanistic insights pertaining to its beneficial roles under drought stress conditions. Higher plants sense drought stress via roots which, regulate aboveground plant growth under stress. Cellular and molecular modulations occurring at the root and soil interphases influence the survival and growth of plants under drought stress; therefore, it is intriguing to know how Si influences the soil–root interphase and how this interaction augments overall plant growth under drought. In this review, we summarised the roles of Si in the root systems, rhizosphere and their interactions that could improve plant's growth and development under drought conditions. We have discussed the direct and indirect effects of Si‐induced belowground changes on plant roots, soil physical, chemical and biological properties, and their mutual interactions in eliciting defence signalling, including hormone signalling pathways. A mechanistic model of Si‐induced beneficial effects in water‐limited environments is suggested, which could help improve the management of rainfed croplands through Si fertilisation.
Microwave sintering of CaBi2Nb2O9 ceramics for improved piezoelectric response and electrical resistivity
Authors: Zhang Ceng , Yu Hongcai , Sun Jing , Wang Zhuojian , Chen Gongtian , Lan Zhenli , Wang Jianing , Xu Shaoqing , Zhou Zhiyong , Hong Jiawang , Li Hao , Yang Bin
Published: July 2024

CaBi2Nb2O9 (CBN) ceramic is a promising sensing element to convert vibration to electrical signal at temperatures higher than 600°C. However, conventionally sintered ceramics suffer from poor piezoelectric coefficient (d33) and low electrical resistivity (ρdc). Here, we report that CBN ceramics can be prepared by microwave sintering (MS) to mitigate volatilization issue of Bi2O3 and thus suppress the generation of oxygen vacancies usually seen in conventional sintering (CS) as demonstrated by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis and mass‐loss measurement. As compared to the CS, the MS is more favorable for reducing the sintering time, and obtaining a dense, fine, and uniform grain morphology as revealed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characterizations of both surface and interior of the CBN ceramics, leading to an enhancement of 86% and 75% in d33 and ρdc, respectively. Piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) as combined with Rayleigh law analysis clearly revealed that the enhancement of piezoelectric properties was attributed to the thinner domains, the higher domain wall density, and the enhanced domain wall motion in the MS‐940 samples. This study paves an important road to simultaneously improve both d33 and ρdc in CBN ceramics for developing high‐temperature vibration sensors.
Development of a sexual consent intervention for adolescents with intellectual and developmental disabilities
Authors: Greene Alison , Baugh Mika , Sherwood‐Laughlin Catherine , Greathouse Lisa , Galyan Jordyn , Simić Stanojević Ivanka , Sangmo Dechen , Jozkowski Kristen , Dubie Melissa , Chow Angela
Published: July 2024

Background

Tailored sexuality education for adolescents with intellectual and developmental disabilities is a crucial, yet unmet, need as this population is particularly at risk for sexual abuse and victimisation. However, there are no evidence‐based interventions to specifically address this need. This paper presents the development of an intervention framework to address equity in sexuality education and support adolescents with intellectual and developmental disabilities to understand and provide sexual consent, a foundational aspect of sexuality education and sexual health.

Methods

The Sexual Health Equity Project team used a Community‐Based Participatory Research approach to develop a four‐module sexual consent intervention for adolescents with intellectual and developmental disabilities. We leveraged a diverse, interdisciplinary team in a suburban Midwestern school district, and used Backward Design to create objectives and assessments which were rooted in findings from qualitative data by special education teachers.

Results

The resulting sexual consent intervention, Ask Me First—Choices, is comprised of four modules covering topics including definition of sexual consent; decision‐making strategies and practice; communicating consent and refusal, identifying situations of consent and non‐consent; and legal issues surrounding consent. Each module is divided into five components for content delivery: (1) introduction, (2) lecture, (3) supplemental activity, (4) assessment, and (5) conclusion. We detail the intervention's unique aspects, emphasising areas where we used Universal Design for Learning principles to support teachers' instruction and students' learning.

Conclusion

Our efforts to create a sexual consent intervention directly address sexuality education equity issues. We offer commentary on our design process and decisions, as well as recommendations for future groups who want to develop sexual health interventions in similar contexts for students with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Next steps include further testing and validation of the sexual consent intervention to build the evidence‐base of sexuality education for adolescents with intellectual and developmental disabilities.
Study of an auxiliary trimming device for cracked carrots
Authors: Xu Jingshen , Lv Lanlan , Zheng Zhaohui , Ren Liuyang , Fu Hanyu , Yang Pei , Xie Weijun , Yang Deyong
Published: July 2024

Cracked carrots account for a large proportion of defective carrots, which are usually discarded or used as feed, resulting in resource waste and economic benefit loss. Cracked carrots can be used as raw materials for further processed carrot products after being trimmed. So, an auxiliary device was developed combining PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) and machine vision to achieve clamping and crack defect localization for intelligent trimming of crack defect. The carrot was orientated based on the area method, rotated by flexible jaws and a rotating cylinder to make the carrot head and tail aligned. The clamping device could non‐destructively clamp carrot in axial and radial direction with a force threshold of 10 and 22 N respectively, and rotate carrot to make the crack defect upwards. The results showed that the recognition accuracy of carrot head and tail orientation was 98%, the average deviation of carrot centroid clamping position was less than 9 mm at a speed of 300 mm/s, the rotational positioning time was less than 3 s and the number of adjustments were no more than 2 at a motor speed of 180 rpm, which could meet the subsequent trimming requirements.

Practical applications

Trimming the cracked area of carrots can reduce bacterial growth and decay, which is beneficial for subsequent processing and reduces resource waste. This article designs a carrot auxiliary trimming device, which uses image processing technology to recognize the orientation of the head and tail of carrots and the cracked area, and uses automated equipment to achieve stable clamping of carrots and make the cracked area face the trimming tool. This study is beneficial for the refined management of agricultural products.
Impact of migraine and fibromyalgia on temporomandibular disorder: A retrospective study on pain, psychological factors and quality of life
Authors: Yakkaphan Pankaew , Lambru Giorgio , Renton Tara
Published: July 2024

Objectives

This study assessed the impact of migraine and fibromyalgia (FM) in TMD patients, focusing on pain, anxiety, depression, and quality of life (QoL). Additionally, we investigated how these variables relate to the total number of comorbidities to gain insights into their interactions.

Methods

A retrospective data collection was conducted during January 2016 to December 2022, involving 409 adult TMD patients. TMD patients were categorised into four groups: those without comorbidity (TMD‐only) and those with comorbid migraine and/or fibromyalgia (TMD + MG, TMD + FM and TMD + MG + FM). Quantitative variables were compared among them. Linear regression was used to analyse the associations between these variables.

Results

Most of study population were women (79%) with a mean age of 44.43 years. TMD + MG patients reported longer pain duration, higher pain scores and greater pain interference compared with TMD‐only patients. Similarly, TMD + FM patients had higher pain intensity than patients with TMD only. Both the TMD + MG and TMD + FM groups had higher levels of anxiety, depression, and health impairment compared with patients with TMD only. Patients with all three pain conditions (TMD + MG + FM) experienced the longest pain duration, highest pain intensity, psychological distress, and impaired QoL. The result showed positive associations between pain outcomes, psychological measures, pain's impact on QoL, and the number of comorbidities and a negative association between overall health states and the number of comorbidities.

Conclusions

These findings underscore the importance of considering the presence of comorbidities and addressing physical and psychological aspects in the management of TMD patients.
Positive Youth Development Approach to School Safety: A Comprehensive Conceptual Framework*
Authors: Stilwell Sarah M. , Heinze Justin E. , Hsieh Hsing‐Fang , Torres Emily , Grodzinski Alison , Zimmerman Marc
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

Youth violence, victimization, and bullying are pervasive in schools across the United States and are detrimental for learning and healthy development. K‐12 school safety is an increasingly urgent issue to research and understand from multiple perspectives. Physical and psychological safety in school is linked to better student and school outcomes and is fundamental to fostering well‐being and prosocial behavior.

METHODS

Despite research demonstrating positive outcomes associated with school safety, there is no comprehensive conceptual model in the literature that considers precursors, strategies, mechanisms, and outcomes of school safety together. The current paper presents an equity‐centered comprehensive model of school safety, which is intended as a holistic representation of the multiple factors and pathways that contribute to school safety and positive youth development.

RESULTS

This model can guide research and practice through an equity‐centered and comprehensive approach. This model can enable practitioners, researchers, and policymakers to make informed decisions and reach consensus regarding planning and decisions related to reducing violence and establishing supportive school environments.

CONCLUSION

Our model suggests that a comprehensive approach can ensure the safety and well‐being of students and staff. By thinking ecologically, schools, communities, and stakeholders can ensure that all aspects of the school context are included in school safety.
Facilitators and Barriers to Implementing a Comprehensive Sexual Health Education Policy in Chicago Public Schools
Authors: Belcher Kristen , Fishman Emily , Ramirez‐Mercado Kat , Marshall Booker , DiPaolo Marisa , Jarpe‐Ratner Elizabeth
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

In 2013, the Chicago Public Schools (CPS) district passed a policy requiring schools to deliver comprehensive sexual health education (SHE) to all K‐12th grade students. A performance improvement case study was conducted in the 2019‐2020 school year to evaluate the implementation of the policy and identify lessons learned to support implementation in schools.

METHODS

Key informant interviews were conducted with 11 school principals and 29 teachers to discuss SHE implementation at their school. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed to assess school and classroom factors that affect implementation. Themes that cut across these factors were then identified and summarized by 2 evaluators.

RESULTS

The following themes were identified across key informant interviews: (a) principal prioritization of SHE helps ensure SHE is implemented, (b) the expansion of school and teacher capacity facilitates SHE implementation, and (c) the creation of accountability mechanisms in classrooms and schools fosters adherence to SHE policy.

CONCLUSIONS

Principals play a crucial role in building capacity to deliver SHE and ensuring SHE accountability mechanisms are implemented in their school. CPS is using these findings to adjust technical assistance and resources provided to principals and SHE instructors.
Eye care following pre‐school vision screening: Data from the Growing Up in New Zealand study
Authors: Findlay Rebecca W , Anstice Nicola S , Black Joanna M , Grant Cameron C , Chelimo Carol
Published: July 2024

Aim

This study aimed to determine adherence with follow‐up from the New Zealand pre‐school vision screening programme. The study also examined associations between pre‐school vision screening outcomes and cognitive measures assessed at the 54‐month follow‐up in the Growing Up in New Zealand study cohort.

Methods

A cross‐sectional retrospective record review of pre‐school vision screening outcomes and hospital ophthalmology records with linkage to Growing Up in New Zealand cohort study data.

Results

Of 176 children referred from vision screening, 21.6% did not attend a referral appointment. Of 138 children who attended a referral appointment, 21.0% did not attend one or more follow‐up appointments. Ethnic differences were observed in attendance at referral appointments (attended Māori 13%, Pacific 22.5%, European/Other 64.5%; not attended Māori 26.3%, Pacific 28.9%, European/Other 44.7%; P = 0.04) and follow‐up appointments (attended Māori 11.9%, Pacific 15.6%, European/Other 72.5%; not attended Māori 17.2%, Pacific 48.3%, European/Other 34.5%; P = 0.001). Vision screening outcome was significantly associated with letter naming fluency scores (P = 0.01) but not name and numbers scores (P = 0.05).

Conclusions

Non‐attendance at referral and follow‐up appointments limits the efficacy of vision screening, particularly for children of Māori and Pacific ethnicity. Children referred from vision screening achieve lower scores on letter naming fluency, a key predictor of reading ability in later childhood. Equity‐based improvements are required to ensure that all children referred from vision screening receive appropriate follow‐up eye care.
First report of the nematode‐trapping fungus Arthrobotrys thaumasia in Türkiye and its biocontrol potential against Meloidogyne incognita
Authors: Eken Cafer , Uysal Gülsüm , Demir Dudu , Çalişkan Selda , Sevindik Emre , Çağlayan Kardelen
Published: July 2024

Root‐knot nematodes, particularly, Meloidogyne incognita, are among the most destructive endoparasitic nematodes, infecting a diverse range of plant hosts. Nematode‐trapping fungi are known for their potential application as biological control agents against plant parasitic nematodes. In the present study, the nematode‐trapping fungus Arthrobotrys thaumasia was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of tomato plants in the West Mediterranean Region of Türkiye. Two hundred and twenty‐three tomato plant rhizosphere soil samples yielded six nematode‐trapping fungal isolates, giving an occurrence frequency of 2.69%. Using morphology and molecular marker sequences (ITS and β‐tubulin loci), the species of the fungi was confirmed to be A. thaumasia. In vitro, A. thaumasia reduced second‐stage juveniles of M. incognita by 77.5% (isolate I‐Y4‐2) and 72.5% (isolate B‐G5‐1). This is the first report on the isolation and characterization of the nematode‐trapping fungus A. thaumasia from Türkiye. Two isolates of A. thaumasia (I‐Y4‐2 and B‐G5‐1) appear to be promising biological control agents that may be utilized for controlling M. incognita‐caused root‐knot diseases.
An empirical assessment of two testable hypotheses of the Sraffian Supermultiplier for Argentina
Authors: Dvoskin Ariel , Médici Florencia
Published: July 2024

We conduct empirical analyses on Argentina from 1998 to 2023 to provide new evidence that GDP growth rate ultimately depends on the growth rate of autonomous demand, in line with the Sraffian Supermultiplier (SSM). Firstly, we estimate a Vector Equilibrium Correction Model (VECM) to establish the weak exogeneity of autonomous demand components, with output adjusting to long‐run deviations between these autonomous components and GDP. Secondly, we test a mechanism adjusting productive capacity to demand based on the flexible accelerator principle. Employing a VAR analysis, we present evidence that investment share is Granger‐caused by GDP, supporting the SSM framework.
Southern right whale behavioral changes due to interactions with whale‐watching vessels: evidence‐based calculations aimed at improving management policies
Authors: Arias Magdalena , Dans Silvana , Crespo Enrique A. , González Raúl A. C.
Published: July 2024

Interactions between whale‐watching vessels and cetaceans have raised questions regarding the sustainability of whale‐watching. This study aimed to build a model for managing whale‐watching activity. The approach involved establishing vessel‐exposure thresholds based on changes in short‐term behavioral responses of southern right whales in the Bahía San Antonio Marine Protected Area of Argentina. The model serves as a source of information for management decision‐making in whale‐watching operations, with an estimated framework for the maximum carrying capacity dictating the vessel‐exposure level that can be maintained with no significant changes in the whales' activity budgets. The model, based on Markov chains, indicated that surface active behavior was the form most sensitive to the presence of tourism vessels. However, vessel exposure always remained below nonsustainability threshold, defined as the amount of time that a whale could be disturbed by vessels without significantly changing its activity budget. Therefore, the observed changes were biologically insignificant. Thus, whale watching in this area is developing with minimal impact on southern right whales. An understanding of the exposure thresholds is essential for establishing management strategies that enable sustainable whale watching. This approach is crucial for setting limits within a scenario of future growth and reducing activity when demand exceeds the carrying capacity.
In vivo viscoelastic properties of cetacean integument: an experimental characterization
Authors: Yang Dory Y. , Shorter K. Alex , Moore Michael , Rocho‐Levine Julie , Wells Randall S. , Barton Kira , Johnson Mark
Published: July 2024

Suction cups are commonly used to attach biologging tags to cetaceans, and interact mechanically with compliant integument, an organ primarily composed of skin and blubber. However, the impact of compliance on suction cup performance is difficult to predict because knowledge about in vivo integument mechanics is lacking. Here, an experimental approach is used to investigate the mechanical properties of common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) integument using a custom instrument, the static suction cup (SSCup), to collect data from both trained dolphins and wild individuals (n = 17) during a static pose. Three loading profiles were applied at three sites to quantify nonlinear stiffness, hysteresis, and creep. The site at the dorsal fin insertion exhibited the highest stiffness, while sites posterior to the blowhole and above the pectoral fin showed greater energy dissipation during cyclic loading. Viscoelastic behavior was observed across all sites. Suction cup performance on a surrogate material with broadly similar compliance showed reduced performance compared to cups on rigid acrylic: the maximum applied force at detachment on acrylic (50 N) was twice as large as the compliant substrate (25 N). Site‐dependent compliance of integument may lead to varying performance of suction cups as an attachment method for tags.
A puzzle about knowledge ascriptions
Authors: Porter Brian , Barr Kelli , Bencherifa Abdellatif , Buckwalter Wesley , Deguchi Yasuo , Fabiano Emanuele , Hashimoto Takaaki , Halamova Julia , Homan Joshua , Karasawa Kaori , Kanovsky Martin , Kim Hackjin , Kiper Jordan , Lee Minha , Liu Xiaofei , Mitova Veli , Bhaya Rukmini , Pantovic Ljiljana , Quintanilla Pablo , Reijer Josien , Romero Pedro , Singh Purmina , Tber Salma , Wilkenfeld Daniel , Stich Stephen , Barrett Clark , Machery Edouard
Published: July 2024

Philosophers have argued that stakes affect knowledge: a given amount of evidence may suffice for knowledge if the stakes are low, but not if the stakes are high. By contrast, empirical work on the influence of stakes on ordinary knowledge ascriptions has been divided along methodological lines: “evidence‐fixed” prompts rarely find stakes effects, while “evidence‐seeking” prompts consistently find them. We present a cross‐cultural study using both evidence‐fixed and evidence‐seeking prompts with a diverse sample of 17 populations in 11 countries, speaking 14 languages. Our study is the first to use an evidence‐seeking prompt cross‐culturally, and includes several previously untested populations (including indigenous populations). Across cultures, we do not find evidence of a stakes effect with our evidence‐fixed prompt, but do with our evidence‐seeking prompt. We argue that the divergent results reveal a tension within folk epistemology: people's beliefs about when it is appropriate to ascribe knowledge differ significantly from their actual practice in ascribing knowledge.
Third wave pressures in the City of Sails: Is Auckland's inequality global?
Authors: McMillan Chris
Published: July 2024

Jan Nijman and Yehua Wei (2020) have argued that third‐wave cities are riven with multidimensional disparities, most notably a bifurcated workforce and socio‐spatial polarisation, that are driven by forces that are both global and specifically urban. In this article, I apply Nijman and Wei's model of urban inequality to Auckland, New Zealand and evaluate whether this model is applicable to the city. In response, I argue that while the disparities evident in Auckland have commonalities with those identified by Nijamn and Wei, national policies regarding employment, housing and migration, along with local environmental particularities, arguably have greater influence.
Web‐based prognostic tools for oral tongue cancer: An analysis of online predictors
Authors: Wahab Awais , Bello Ibrahim O. , Alabi Rasheed Omobolaji , Mascitti Marco , Troiano Giuseppe , Mauramo Matti , Coletta Ricardo D. , Salo Tuula , Almangush Alhadi
Published: July 2024

Background

Oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) often presents with aggressive clinical behaviour that may require multimodality treatment based on reliable prognostication. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic ability of five online web‐based tools to predict the clinical behaviour of OTSCC resection and biopsy samples.

Methods

A total of 135 OTSCC resection cases and 33 OTSCC biopsies were included to predict recurrence and survival. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC), χ2 tests, and calibration plots constructed to estimate the prognostic power of each tool.

Results

The tool entitled ‘Prediction of risk of Locoregional Recurrences in Early OTSCC’ presented an accuracy of 82%. The tool, ‘Head & Neck Cancer Outcome Calculator’ for 10‐year cancer‐related mortality had an accuracy 77% and AUC 0.858. The other tool entitled ‘Cancer Survival Rates’ for 5‐year mortality showed an accuracy of 74% and AUC of 0.723. For biopsy samples, ‘Cancer Survival Prediction Calculators’ predicted the recurrence free survival with an accuracy of 70%.

Conclusions

Web‐based tools can aid in clinical decision making of OTSCC. Three of five online web‐based tools could predict recurrence risk and cancer‐related mortality in resected OTSCC and one tool could help in clinical decision making for biopsy samples.