bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Invitro Efficacy Testing of Bacteriocin against Multidrug Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Kumar Kavi , Bhuvaneshwari Gunasekar , Neelusree P.
Published: August 2022

Bacteriocin is a protein substance possessing antimicrobial activities during the growth by great number of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria (Zacharof and Lovitt). It will destabilize the cytoplasmic membrane and kills bacteria. Various studies reported antibacterial activity of bacteriocin against Listeria and other Gram positive bacteria. Hence, there is a need to know the effectiveness of bacteriocin against drug resistant Gram negative bacteria especially Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the leading cause of Hospital Acquired Infection (HAI). Objective of the research was to find the efficacy testing of bacteriocin against multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, to isolate and identify multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. To extract and purify bacteriocin from lactobacillus acidophilus and to perform invitro efficacy testing of bacteriocin against multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Conventional identification and antimicrobial susceptibility was performed based on conventional procedure. The study was done at the clinical microbiology laboratory of Saveetha Medical College and hospital during the period of January to June 2020. Total 60 samples were collected from both male and female and from all the age groups. Among that 60 samples 39% were woundswab, 29% were urine, 5% were pus, 3% were tissue culture, 3% of samples were tracheal culture. The strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa collected for this study shows resistance to cefepime, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, meropenem, imipenem, gentamicin, cotrimaxazole and piperacillin-tazobactam. Bacteriocins were protein in nature and simple proteins to particles resembling components of bacteriophage. The zone of inhibition formation is strong in vitro and can act against the pathogenesis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Disinfectants have ineffective in controlling the nosocomial infection in the spread of pseudomonas aeruginosa. Bacteriocins not only can support the disinfectants, it can also be combined with antibiotics when purified and processed.
Effect of foliar application of water soluble fertilizer on growth, yield and quality of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern and Coss)
Authors: Hardasbhai Solanki Kanchan , Vaghasia P. M. , Viroja P. B.
Published: August 2022

A field experiment was conducted during Rabi season of 2019-20 at Main Oilseeds Research Station, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, India to study the effect of foliar application of water-soluble fertilizer on growth, yield and quality of mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern and Coss). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications and comprised of 10 treatments. Different concentrations of water-soluble fertilizers in different combinations along with the recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) were applied through foliar nutrition to the crop. Among the treatments, application of water soluble fertilizer i.e. 75 % RDF(37.5:37.5:15 kg N:P2O5:S/ha)+ foliar spray of 19:19:19 @ 2% at 30, 45 and 60 DAS was recorded significantly higher values of growth parameters viz., plant height and number of branches/plant and yield attributes viz., number of siliquae/plant, number of seeds/siliquae, length of siliqua and yield viz., seed yield (2616 kg/ha) and stover yield (5228 kg/ha); quality parameters viz., oil content, oil yield and protein content. However, it remained at par with 75 % RDF (37.5:37.5:15 kg N:P2O5:S/ha) + foliar spray of 19:19:19 @ 2% at 30 and 45 DAS and 75 % RDF (37.5:37.5:15 kg N:P2O5:S/ha) + foliar spray of 19:19:19 @ 1% at 30, 45 and 60 DAS. The control (no fertilizer) were recorded significantly lowest plant height, siliqua per plant, seed per siliqua, test weight, seed yield, stover yield.
Yeast Extract Inhibits Prodigiosin Production and Promotes Serrawettins Production in Serratia marcescens
Authors: Feng Miao , Tian Yanjun , Liu Jianjun , Liu Yang , Huang Yanhong , Zhu Kunfu , Wang Shanshan , Zhang Xingrong , Xu Hui
Published: August 2022

Serratia marcescens is a gram-negative bacterium, which can produce many metabolites, among which the study of prodigiosin is the most extensive. This experiment explored the effect of yeast extract on intracellular metabolic pathway in S. marcescens. The experimental results showed that yeast extract could inhibit the production of prodigiosin in S. marcescens to a considerable extent. It was verified by RT-qPCR that yeast extract inhibited the expression of genes in the synthesis pathway of prodigiosin. However, although there was no production of prodigiosin in the fermentation broth added with yeast extract, a large number of lipopeptide serrawettins was produced through preliminary detection and identification. Serrawettins have surface activity, antibacterial and antitumor activity. Therefore, the addition of yeast extract can be used to promote the production of serrawettins by S. marcescens. There was no report on the effect of yeast extract on intracellular metabolic pathway in S. marcescens in other literatures at present.
Biochemical analysis of Amrut jal
Authors: Malviya Archit
Published: August 2022

The nation's largest challenge in the future years will be to supply safe food for the country's rising population. In this context, organic farming, which is a comprehensive production management method for maintaining and strengthening the agro-ecosystem, has acquired widespread acceptance as a viable alternative. Hence, the present study was conducted to study the physico-chemical and biological properties of one such bio-fertilizer - Amrut jal. Amrut jal is a “bioenhancer” prepared by fermenting a mixture of cow dung, cow urine and jaggery substrate. The present research work measured the concentration of N,P,K and pH in the given sample of Amrut jal, along with total microbial count, and derived relevant analyses from it. The result shows increased microbial population, nitrogen, potash, phosphorus. The pH was found to be slightly acidic.
Concept of Gene Pool and Distant Hybridization in Vegetable Crops
Authors: Subhasmita Subhashree , Pradeepkumara N.
Published: August 2022

Wide crossing or distant hybridization is an effective means of transferring desirable genes into cultivated species. It is more successful in closely related species, but as we move towards tertiary gene pool, it turns out to be very hard to move the quality of interest. The fundamental restricting variable is the cross-capacity hindrances between irrelevant species which generally makes trouble to create interspecific gene transfer. The main limiting factor is the cross-ability barriers between unrelated species which usually creates difficulty to produce interspecific hybrids. To re-establish the attribute of natural manageability and to battle the biotic and abiotic stress in developed vegetable yields, wide hybridization has been upheld a solid device in the hand of plant raisers as wild species are the rich pool of respectable characters, better quality and handling characteristics just as giving obstruction against biotic and abiotic stress. Wide hybridization comprises the efficient conventional breeding and modern molecular techniques as its compelling instrument in crop improvement.
Risk of Environmental Chemical Contaminants Associated with Animal Feeding in Peri Urban Areas of Kisumu Town
Authors: Inyagwa Charles Muleke , Orengo Kenneth , Amanya Price , Mdachi Raymond
Published: August 2022

The objective of this study was to determine, quantify and disseminate the level of environmental chemical contaminants in the topsoil, water, pasture, milk, blood, feaces, kidney, and adipose tissues from cattle reared in peri-urban slum of Kisumu County. Various samples were collected from Mamboleo, Nyalenda and Otonglo in Kisumu County in the months of April and August 2019 respectively to determine possible seasonal or environmental variability of contaminants. Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to identify and quantify the level of toxic heavy metals and the results were compared to WHO food safety limits.Flotation method was used to determine Helminth’s infections. Viable bacterial cell counts were determined using the Spread-Plate method. The heavy metals analyzed were: Lead (Pb), Mercury (Hg), Cadmium (Cd), Arsenic (As) and Copper (Cu). One-way ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) test was used to determine significant difference in the mean level of heavy metals. There were variations in mean heavy concentration levels between the two visits (p<0.05). Helminthosis was prevalent (59.5%) and total Fecal Egg Count (FEC) varied across samples. Study findings show varying heavy metal concentration levels which exceed WHO/FAO food safety limits implying livestock kept in peri-urban setting of Kisumu town are at a risk of ingest contaminated pasture, threatening food safety among consumers. This study recommends policies aimed at mitigating pollution from chemical contaminants and other anthropogenic activities and farmer sensitization on better farming system with limited risks on food safety and animal-human food chain.
Modelling of Evaporation and Meteorological Parameters inside Polyhouse
Authors: Dhak Sumit M. , Bhakar S. R. , Lakhawat S. S. , Singh P. K.
Published: August 2022

The study was undertaken at Plasticulture Farm, Department of Soil and Water Engineering, Collage of Technology and Engineering, Udaipur, Rajasthan. The area is under subhumid climate located at 582.17 m above mean sea level in 24° 35 N – latitude, 73° 44 E–longitude. The important factors to control the polyhouse evapotion are solar radiation, air temperature, relative humidity and wind speed. The study was undertaken to analysis and modelling of the evaporation and meteorological parameters like air temperature, relative humidity and wind speed inside Polyhouse (1008 m2). For purpose of achieving the objectives, the Dalton model, Combination model and Christian model were selected and were critically tested under polyhouse conditions of Udaipur region. The average annual evaporation rate was found to be 1.6 mm day-1, average annual temperature was found to be 24.9 oC and average annual relative was found to be 72 % inside polyhouse. It was favorable and very good condition for growing high value vegetables crops like capsicum, tomato and cucumber inside Polyhouse. The modified Christiansen model was found better than other models for this region inside polyhouse.
Fourteen Year Follow Up of Patients with Parotid Tumours Underwent Superficial Conservative Parotidectomy in Karbala, Iraq
Authors: Alwan Ahmed Abdullah , Kadam Haider Mohammed , Ali Ali Azeez , Hussian Al
Published: August 2022

Salivary gland tumours account for 3% of all head and neck tumours, 70%-80% of these tumours are located in the parotid glands. Eighty percent of parotid gland tumours are benign. Physical examination is the first diagnostic tool. Ultrasonography, CT and/or MRI are useful tools for correct surgical planning. Fine-needle aspiration cytology is also indicated by some authors. The most-feared postoperative complication is facial nerve palsy, other complications includes infection, haemorrhage and haematoma, aesthetic problems, sensory changes, sialocele and salivary fistulas, Frey’s syndrome, and tumour recurrence. To document our experience on parotid gland surgeries, and the occurrence of the long term postoperative complications and recurrence rate after superficial conservative parotidectomy. Methods: Data of 53patients who underwent superficial conservative parotidectomy at the departments of otorhinolaryngology and general surgery at Al-Hussian Teaching Hospital, Karbala over a 14 year period between 1st May 2007 to 30th September 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. All postoperative complications were recorded in follow-up visits at 1 week and 1, 3, 6 and 12 months then the follow-up visits depend on the patient’s needs or appearance of any symptoms or signs of recurrence of previous disease. Fifty-three patients who underwent superficial conservative parotidectomy in this study, the age range was 7 to76 years with a mean age 38.08 years, a standard deviation of ± 15.279; there was a female gender predominance, right side parotid swellings were more common than left side swellings. Most of the cases were benign; pleomorphic adenoma was the most common benign tumour while mucoepidermoid carcinoma was the most common malignant tumour. Complications following surgery occurred in 19 (35.8%) patients: there were two cases of sialocele, four cases of transient facial nerve palsy, four patients with paresthesia of the pinna due to section of the greater auricular nerve; five patients with Frey‘s syndrome. Majority of our patients are still on follow‑up, there have been two cases with recurrence; and three cases of death until writing of this study with a mean follow up of 7.11 (SD 3.76) years. Conclusions: The results of our study suggest that superficial conservative paroti­dectomy is a safe procedure, with few com­plications at the long-term. This study was intended to review fourteen year clinical experience at Karbala with parotid neoplasms and parotid surgery. Improvement in surgical skills among surgeons that operate on the parotid gland could reduce the incidence of facial nerve weakness following parotidectomy. Pleomorphic adenomas, followed by Warthin’s tumour are the most frequent benign histological types in our country while mucoepidermoid carcinoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma are the most common malignant parotid tumours.
Spermatheca Gland Extracts of the Marine Snail Telescopium telescopium: A Promising Biological Agent against Caecal Coccidiosis in Broiler Chicken
Authors: Chinya Maiti, A. , Brahma A. , Pandit S. , Baidya S. , Kumar D. , Jas Ruma
Published: August 2022

Extract of Telescopium telescopium, a marine snail has shown antiprotozoal, antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activity. Therefore, the anticoccidial efficacy of spermatheca gland (STG) extract of T. telescopium was evaluated in broiler chicken infected with Eimeria tenella. Broiler chicken (n = 80) divided into five equal groups; healthy (Gr. I), infected control (Gr. II), STG extract treated (Gr. III), Salinomycin treated (Gr. IV) and STG extract control group (Gr. V). The STG extract @ 3mg protein / kg of the body weight and Salinomycin @ 50gm /100Kg of feed were used in respective groups. Birds of the Gr. II, Gr. III and Gr. IV were infected with 21 x 103 sporulated oocysts by crop intubation on 32nd day of age. The STG extract showed significant (p<0.01) anticoccidial efficacy in terms of reduced faecal oocysts output, increased faecal and lesion score protection%, higher haematological values and serum protein concentrations and greater performance compared to the infected birds. No significant difference was observed between the birds treated with STG extract and Salinomycin. The study indicated that the STG extract, bioactive component of T. telescopium have promising potential for development as biological agent against caecal coccidiosis in broiler chicken.
A Retrospective Study on D-Dimer Level Correlation with CT Scan Changes in COVID Pneumonia in a Tertiary Care Centre ICU
Authors: Priya Venkatachalam , Saikumar Chitralekha , Banu Fairoz
Published: August 2022

In the present study evaluated the relationship between D-Dimer level and CT changes in lungs in a group of patients having COVID 19 and admitted in ICU with need for assisted ventilation. This is a retrospective study. The patient informations including the D-Dimer levels and CT scan reports, ICU admission status were obtained from the medical record department and evaluated. Among the 50 patients evaluated 94% had D-Dimer levels elevated than normal. In 98% of patients had CT scan changes in lung parenchyma. In minimal changes in CT scan group 4/5(80%) patients had D-Dimer level elevated. In Moderate severity 27 /28 patients (98%) had elevated D-dimer level. In severe CT scan changes 15/16 (93%) had high D-Dimer level. In one patient (2%) who had no CT scan changes D-Dimer was elevated. D-Dimer levels can serve as bio a marker for lung inflammation and indicate the SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. It can be used in the triage of patients without delaying for the radiographic examination of lung.
Immunostimulatory Properties of Plant Extracts in the Immunoprophylaxis of Avian Infectious Bronchitis
Authors: Agayeva Emma , Ibadullayeva Sayyara , Gasimov Rustem , Narimanov Vidadi , Movsumova Nuri
Published: August 2022

A plant extract from rose hips (Rosa canina L.) has been studied. Its immunostimulating properties were determined and the optimal dose was established, equal to 1.5 mg/kg, as well as its effect on the biochemical and hematological parameters of the blood. The tension of immunity after vaccination in combination with a plant extract was established.
Challenges and Opportunities in Bioprospecting for Sustainable Biofuel Production: Current Status and Future Perspectives
Authors: Kumar Sumit , Kumar Dushyant , Sharma Prashant , Punia Anita
Published: August 2022

Increasing global energy demand and environmental concerns associated with petroleum have raised interest in biofuels to reduce dependency on crude oil and promote carbon-neutral energy generation. The information available suggests that biomass can become a sustainable and significant contributor to current energy demands if research and development in the field of thermochemical transformation for various biomass types are encouraged. The primary products of biofuel may be in a gas, liquid, or solid form. These products can be further converted by biochemical, physical, and thermochemical methods. The first generation of biofuels is ethanol derived from food crops rich in starch or biodiesel made from waste animal fats such as cooking grease. The second generation is bioethanol derived from non-food cellulosic biomass and biodiesel taken from oil-rich plant seeds, such as soybeans or jatropha. The third generation of biofuels is made from cyanobacteria, microalgae, and other microbes, and it is the most promising approach to meeting the world's energy demands. The era of biofuel production desires the ability to conclude formal incorporation of functional genomics metabolomics with transcriptomics will undoubtedly support the discovery. This review focuses on the production of biofuel through molecular marker technology, next-generation technology, and biochemical process.
Study of Enhancing Summer Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Yield Attributed Characters through Foliar Nutrition
Authors: Khandagale P. , Gawade S. B. , Patil D. B. , Patil S. S.
Published: August 2022

Summer groundnut is one of the most important oilseed legume crop grown in India having high yield than its kharif season crop. The field study at oilseed research station Jalgaon, revealed recommendation to the farmers of Maharashtra for enhancement of yield of summer groundnut through foliar application of water soluble fertilizers after three year study. The field study was carried for the three consecutive year 2018, 2019, 2020 summer season at Jalgaon location with 11 different treatment in Randomized Block Design. It is found that treatment T11 i.e. application of 75%RDF +2.0 % WSF at 45,60 and 75 DAS(18.75 kg N/ha+ 37.50 kg P2O5/ha) is found significantly superior to increase the No. of pod /plant (24.04), dry pod yield (3030Kh/ha), kernel yield (2209.27 kg/ha), haulm yield(5344 kg/ha), net monetary returns(Rs./ha.1,17,765) and B:C ratio (2.96) of summer groundnut over rest of the treatment. While the treatment T 9(75%RDF+2.0 % WSF at 45 and 60 DAS) and treatment T10(75%RDF +1.5 % WSF at 45, 60 and 75 DAS) found at par with it for same as No. of branches/plant (10.26,9.52), No. of pods/plant(21.83,22.79), Dry pod yield kg/ha (2772kg/ha,2653kg/ha), Haulm yield kg/ha (5110,4905) Net monetary returns(Rs/ha)(99,916,102398) with the B:C ratio (2.61,2.71)respectively. So comparatively the recommendation is accepted in Joint Agrosco at VNAU Parbhani in 2021 that with the monetary returns and B:C ratio with haulm yield and dry pod yield the treatment T9(75% RDF +2.0% WSF at 45 and 60 DAS) with saving the cost of cultivation having best performance.
How Physical Mapping helps Speed Breeding? – A Review
Authors: Swetha Velamuri Anila
Published: August 2022

Physical Map generally provides the actual details of the distance present between the genetic markers and the nucleotides present in between them and also it acts as the representation of the entire genome as the set of overlapping fragments of cloned DNA which makeup the genome. In this, the genes or the molecular markers are depicted within the equal order as they arise with inside the chromosomes, however the distances among adjoining genes/markers are depicted in the terms of base pairs. Speed Breeding is a new and interesting technique to breeding at the beginning stimulated by using the United States national Aeronautics and space administration (NASA) that promises to expand new crop varieties quicker, imparting wish for meals security in the continent. It is a device or approach for rapid technology advance that notably reduces the harvest time of plants so one can accelerate agricultural research and increase the production of meals to meet the call for of the growing population. Physical mapping helps in the identification of a particular gene or the marker or the primer in a particular gene sequence or in the chromosome whereas speed breeding helps in the acceleration of the breeding cycles of the crop.
Potential Probiotic Properties of Kombucha Tea Beverage and it’s Beneficial Effects on Human Health
Authors: Bajpai Smriti , Pandey Poonam
Published: August 2022

Fermentation is considered to be one of the most ancient methods of different food preservation techniques. During fermentation various biochemical changes take place and may affect the nutritional composition and consequently the properties of the final product, like the bioactive compounds from plants in food and beverage industries. Sugared tea fermentation with a colony of live bacteria and yeast, i.e. SCOBY (symbiotic colony of bacteria and yeast), yields fermented tea named Kombucha tea which is consumed worldwide. Kombucha tea has shown its refreshing and beneficial properties on human health. Several research findings from past decade concerning Kombucha tea have been made and reports claiming that Kombucha Tea has potential anti-microbial activity against a spectrum of organisms, can promote antioxidant activity, and improvement of the Immune system. The beneficial effects of Kombucha are attributed to the presence of bioactive compounds that act synergistically. Bacteria belong to the genus Lactobacillus sp., Acetobacter sp., Gluconobacter sp., and the Yeasts of the genus Saccharomyces, Brettanomyces are present in Kombucha. This study aimed at isolation, identification, physiological and biochemical characterization of probiotics present in Kombucha. Nevertheless, Kombucha tea could be easily recognized as a beverage which is able to replace the consumption of carbonated beverages due to its possession of health benefits and therapeutic properties. Existing reports have suggested that the protective effects of kombucha tea are as good as those of black tea, however, more studies on kombucha tea and its composition are needed before final conclusions can be made.
Diagnosis and Therapeutic Management of Babesia bigemina Infection in Cow
Authors: Mondal Mrityunjoy , M. C. Pakhira A. Maity , S. S. Kesh D. Mandal , Mridha C. K. Ghosh , A. Soren P. S. Jana
Published: August 2022

A three and half years old Jersey cow was diagnosed as infected by Babesia bigemina in the present communication. The infected cow had clinical manifestation of elevated temperature and anaemic appearance like pale visible mucous membrane of conjunctivae and haemoglobinuria accompanied by severe dullness and increased respiratory rate. Accordingly, representative sample of blood was collected for haemato-biochemical alteration and demonstration of haemoprotozoa microscopically. Then thin blood smear was prepared from the tip of the ear and subjected to Giemsas staining method. The stained blood smear was examined under oil immersion lens of microscope to detect haemoprotozoan parasites. Microscopic examination of the Giemsa stained blood smear revealed the very characteristic intra-erythrocytic Babesia bigemina organisms. The cow was treated immediately with diminazene aceturate @5 mg/kg body weight intramuscularly along with supportive therapy including intravenous infusions. Complete follow up of the case exhibited successful clinical recovery of the cow within one month.
Assessing Nutritional Awareness and Promoting Healthy Eating Practices among Youth
Authors: Kumari Shivani , Chakravarthy Archana
Published: August 2022

Despite its detrimental health effects, fast food is popular among youth. The goal of this study was to measure nutritional awareness among Banaras Hindu University college students. A random sampling approach was used to choose 100 respondents, and their fast food consumption, eating habits, nutritional awareness, and behavior were evaluated. I conducted in-depth, semi-structured interviews as well as a 24-hour recall. Provide information on healthy eating habits, nutritional awareness, the negative effects of fast food, diseases such as obesity, hypertension, CVD, and cancer, as well as depression linked to fast food use, and empower individuals to make healthy eating choices. The findings of this study were based on a nutritional assessment of young people (girls) The BMI (body mass index) is greater (more than 24.9) A considerable percentage of females fall into the overweight category, with one in ten falling into the obese group (BMI of 30 or more), while the remaining 48% fall into the normal range or are borderline overweight. The findings of this study revealed that while the majority of teenagers recognize the value of healthy eating habits, they also increase their consumption of fast food due to a variety of factors including flavor, cost, advertisement, simplicity of serving, and peer group. Three-quarters of college ladies are unaware of the serious negative consequences of eating fast food frequently.
Optimalisasi waktu tunggu mobil pada lampu merah di tiga persimpangan di Kota Yogyakarta
Authors: Atmadji Eko , Syukron Ahmad
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Purpose – This study examines economic inefficiencies at three intersections, the Tugu Jogja intersection on Jl. Pangeran Diponegoro, the Demangan Gejayan market intersection on Jl. Urip Sumoharjo and Mirota intersection UGM Campus on Jl. Terban.

Methods – Primary data collection is carried out directly in the study area by collecting variables on the average number of vehicles at the traffic light, the distance of the last vehicle queue in the red signal period, the number of vehicles that pass in the green signal period and the waiting time for vehicles in the last queue.

Findings – The main result of this study is that the length of time the current green and red lights are on is considered too long.

Implication – This study also proposes the length of time for the green and red lights to be turned on in the morning, afternoon, and evening as well as on weekdays and weekends in the three research locations.

Originality – This study contributes to analyzing economic efficiency by using direct surveys.

 

Abstrak

Tujuan – Studi ini meneliti ketidakefisienan ekonomi di tiga persimpangan yaitu simpang Tugu Jogja di Jl. Pangeran Diponegoro, simpang pasar Demangan Gejayan di Jl. Urip Sumoharjo dan simpang Mirota Kampus UGM di Jl. Terban. Pemilihan ini karena dinilai sebagai pusat aktivitas perkantoran, pendidikan, usaha masyarakat, dan pariwisata sehingga berdampak pada kemacetan yang sangat tinggi.

Metode – Pengumpulan data primer dilakukan secara langsung pada daerah studi dengan mengumpulkan variabel rata-rata jumlah kendaraan pada traffic light, jarak antrian kendaraan terakhir pada periode sinyal merah, jumlah kendaraan lolos pada periode sinyal hijau dan waktu tunggu kendaraan pada antrian terakhir.

Temuan – Hasil dari studi ini yang utama adalah lama waktu nyala lampu hijau dan merah yang sekarang terjadi dirasa terlalu lama.

Implikasi – Studi ini juga memberikan usulan lama waktu penyalaan lampu hijau dan merah di waktu pagi, siang, dan sore hari serta di waktu hari kerja dan akhir minggu di tiga lokasi penelitian.

Orisinalitas – Penelitian ini berkontribusi untuk menganalisis efisiensi ekonomi dengan menggunakan survey langsung.
Analisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi volume ekspor batubara Indonesia tahun 2015-2020
Authors: Purwanto Verry Setiyawan , Artiani Listya Endang
Published: August 2022

Abstract
Purpose – This study was conducted with the aim of analyzing what factors affect the volume of Indonesian coal exports to export destination countries, namely Malaysia, South Korea, China, India and Fillipina from 2015-2020.
Methods – The data analysis method used is the panel data regression method with the export volume variable as the dependent variable, and the independent variables are the Gross Domestic Products (GDP) of the destination country, the exchange rate (exchange rate), and the price of coal.
Findings – Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita of Malaysia, South Korea, China, Fillipina and has a significant influence on the volume of Indonesian coal exports. The exchange rate has no significant effect on the volume of Indonesia's coal exports. Coal prices of export destination countries have a significant effect on Indonesia's coal export volume
Implication – The results of this study have the implication that the internal factors of the main destination countries for Indonesian coal exports in the form of GDP per capita and domestic coal prices determine the volume of Indonesian coal exports.
Originality – The contribution of this study was to use panel data from the main destination countries for Indonesia's coal exports.
 
Abstrak
Tujuan – Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk menganalisis faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi volume ekspor batu bara Indonesia ke negara tujuan ekspor yaitu Malaysia, Korea Selatan, China, India dan Fillipina dari tahun 2015-2020.
Metode – Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah metode regresi data panel dengan variabel volume ekspor sebagai variabel dependen, dan variabel independennya adalah Gross Domestik Products (GDP) negara tujuan, nilai tukar (kurs), dan harga batu bara.
Temuan – Gross domestic product (GDP) per kapita negara Malaysia, Korea Selatan, China, Fillipina dan memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap volume ekspor batu bara Indonesia. Nilai tukar tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap volume ekspor batu bara Indonesia. Harga batu bara negara tujuan ekspor berpengaruh signifikan terhadap volume ekspor batu bara Indonesia.
Implikasi – Hasil penelitian ini mempunyai implikasi bahwa faktor internal negara tujuan utama ekspor Batubara Indonesia berupa GDP per kapita dan harga batubara domestik menentukan volume ekspor batubara Indonesia.
Orisinalitas – Kontribusi penelitian ini adalah menggunakan data panel negara tujuan utama ekspor batubara Indonesia.
Milas Kazası Vakıflarının İdarî ve Malî Durumları [Vakıf Kayıtlarına Göre / 1848-1885]
Authors: YAZICI Muhammed , KELEŞ Erdoğan , KARSANDIK YAZICI Özlem
Published: August 2022

Osmanlı Devleti’nde şehirlerin gelişip büyümesinde vakıfların önemli bir yeri vardır. Özellikle şehir merkezlerindeki kamu yararına kurulmuş binaların bakım, onarım ve temel ihtiyaçları vakıflar sayesinde karşılanmıştır. Bu bağlamda Milas kazası ve köylerinde insanlığın yararına olmak üzere pek çok vakıf eseri vücuda getirilmiştir. Firuz Paşa, Ahmed Gazi Bey ve İlyas Bey vakıfları geçmişi itibariyle oldukça eski olup varlıklarını ve fonksiyonlarını 19. yüzyıla kadar sürdürmüştür. Yine 18. yüzyılda Milas ve civarında idarecilik yapmış olan Abdülaziz Ağa’nın kurduğu vakıflar şehrin güzelleşmesine önemli bir katkı yapmıştır. Bunların dışında farklı kişiler tarafından Milas ve köylerinde cami, mescid, zaviye, medrese, mektep, çeşme ve su kuyusu vakıfları kurulmuştur. Milas kasabası ve köylerinde 78 farklı ad ile 108 vakıf mevcuttur. Bu vakıfların 99 adedi erkekler tarafından 9 adedi ise kadınlar tarafından oluşturulmuştur. Vakıf kurucularının büyük çoğunluğunun kaza ve köy ileri gelenleri olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Bunun nedeni ise insanların hayır işleme düşüncesiyle mülklerini vakıf haline getirmeleriyle ilgilidir. Yöneticileri ise genellikle vakıf kurucusunun soyundan gelenlerdi. Ancak az sayıdaki vakıfta mütevelli olarak imam, hafız veya müezzin gibi kimseler görev almıştır. Milas vakıfları genel olarak ekonomik açıdan iyi durumda olup, gelir-gider dengesini korumuşturlar. Dolayısıyla çalışmamızın konusu bu vakıfların 1848-1885 tarihleri arasındaki malî ve idarî yapılarının kontrolü sırasında oluşturulan defterler üzerinden durumlarını tespit etmek ve Milas kazasının vakıf kültüründeki yerini ortaya koymaktır.
Güvenlik ve Cinsiyet: Uluslararası İlişkiler Disiplininde Feminist Güvenlik Yaklaşımları
Authors: İREN Adem Ali , TAŞGETİREN Rustem Bilal
Published: August 2022

Tarih boyunca bilgi ve bilinebilirlik üzerine pek çok tartışma yaşanmıştır. Özellikle sosyal bilimlerde nesnel bilginin sağlanıp sağlanamayacağı halen tartışma konusudur. Bu tartışmanın taraflarından biri olan Feminizme göre araştırmacının geçmişi, kimliği ve cinsiyeti yaşanan olayların yorumlanmasında ve kavramsal düşüncelerin şekillenmesinde, dolayısıyla bilginin üretilmesinde etki sahibidir. Kadınların 20. yüzyılın ortalarına kadar yükseköğrenimde erkekler kadar yer alamamış olmaları, yalnızca erkekler tarafından üretilen ve eril bir dünya görüşünü yansıtan söylemlerin sosyal bilimlere egemen olmasına neden olmuştur. Uluslararası İlişkiler disiplini ve Güvenlik Çalışmaları söz konusu olduğunda karar alıcı ve uygulayıcıların ezici bir çoğunlukla erkekler olması, söz konusu alanlara yönelik dişil dünya görüşünün eksikliğini de beraberinde getirmiştir. Soğuk Savaş’ın, geleneksel yaklaşımların öngörüsü dışında bitmiş olması disipline egemen bu yaklaşımların sorgulanmasını da beraberinde getirmiş ve Feminizm bu sayede hem Uluslararası İlişkiler disiplininde hem de Güvenlik Çalışmalarında kendine yer bulabilmiştir. Sahip olduğu dişil bakışla disiplinin ana konularını ele alan Feminizm, disipline yönelik eşsiz bir yaklaşım ortaya çıkartmıştır. Güvenlik söz konusu olduğunda güvenliğin öznesine genelde insanları özeldeyse kadınları koyması ve bu öznelere yönelik tehditler üzerine çalışması güvenliğe bakışımızı genişletmiştir.
Medikal Turizmin Pazarlama Karması Unsurları Açısından Bir Analizi
Authors: YİLMAZ Vildan
Published: August 2022

Bu çalışma tüm dünyada medikal turizmin temel bileşenlerinin detaylı bir analizini yapmak üzerine şekillenmektedir. Çalışmada medikal turizm pazarlama biliminin sunduğu bakış açısıyla incelenmekte; tedavi olanakları, tedavi kalitesi, akreditasyon, malpraktis, aracı kuruluşlar, ülkeler arası fiyat farklılıkları ve tedavi sürecinde turistik ürünlerin kullanımı gibi bazı temel hususlar pazarlama karması unsurları aracılığıyla tartışılmaktadır. Böylece bir ürün olarak medikal turizmin içeriği; fiyatlandırılması ve fiyat hususunun medikal turistler üzerindeki etkisi; medikal turizm ürününün dağıtımında sigorta şirketlerinin, seyahat acentelerinin, hastane ve kliniklerin yurt dışı ofislerinin ve diğer aracı kuruluşların rolleri ve medikal turizm ürününün tanıtımı ve tanıtımda etik ilkelerin değerlendirilmesi mümkün olmuştur. Ayrıca medikal turizm arzı, doktorlar ve diğer sağlık çalışanlarından oluşan insan faktörü açısından da tartışılmıştır. Beraberinde medikal turizmde tüm fiziksel unsurlar ve özellikle tıbbi ekipman kalitesi fiziksel kanıtlar içerisinde, akreditasyon ve malpraktis konusu ise medikal turizmde süreç başlığı altında değerlendirilmiştir. Böylece günümüz medikal turizmini şekillendiren tüm hususlar için kavramsal bir çerçeve sunulmuştur. Bahsedilen bu hususlar, çalışmada medikal turizm destinasyonlarının ve işletmelerinin rekabetçiliklerini güçlendirmeleri için gerekli nitelikleri de ortaya koymaktadır.
Improved Unet in Lithology Identification of Coal Measure Strata
Authors: Shi Suzhen , Li Mingxuan , Gao Weixu , Shi Guifei , Bai Jiebin , Zuo Jianping
Published: August 2022

The lithology of underground formations can be determined using logging data, which is important for a variety of subsurface geoscience and industrial applications. Deep learning technology offers the advantage of discovering a potential relationship between input and output variables, making it a great choice for generating fast and cost-effective lithology classification models. To automatically characterize lithologies, a multiclass image segmentation problem is considered and an improved Unet as a solution is adopted. The model’s input data is two-dimensional images composed of rock feature data at different depths, and the outcome is a result of one-dimensional rock lithology classification. The algorithm’s practicality was tested using the logging data set from the Xinjing mining area in Shanxi Province, in north-central China, and an open-source data set of Canadian strata. Our model is tested against the 1D-convolutional neural network (CNN) and XGBoost algorithms using a good logging data set of the same depth and different depths for testing. The results show that the improved Unet method outperforms the 1D-CNN and XGBoost algorithms in the classification of rock lithologies. This algorithm has high application potential in the automatic interpretation of rock lithologies.
Assessment of Public-Private Partnership (PPP) models in health systems in least developed, low income and lower-middle-income countries and territories: A protocol for a Systematic Review
Authors: Naznin Baby , Quayyum Zahidul , Tajree Jannatun , Barua Deepa , Ahsan Maisha , Kabir Faisal , Joshi Deepak , Kakchapati Sampurna , Sibeudu Florence , Onuh Juliana , Ajaero Chukwuedozie , Okeke Chinyere , Agwu Prince , Ogbozor Pamela Adaobi , Engmann Abena , Ebenso Bassey , Golder Su , Vidyasagaran Aishwarya , Elsey Helen
Published: August 2022

Background
Private sectors play a significant role in health provision along with the public sector in both developed and developing countries. Given the limited resources of the public sector, public-private partnerships (PPPs) are considered a good solution to address our growing public health challenges. But inadequate assessment of various health-related PPPs have resulted in a failure to gather knowledge and evidence that would facilitate the establishment of effective partnerships, sustain and systematize them over time, as well as determine the role of PPPs in health system strengthening, particularly in terms of urban health provision. The objective of this research is to systematically review the effectiveness of PPPs on the utilization of urban health provision to achieve health outcomes in the urban contexts of least developed, low income, and lower-middle-income countries and territories.
Methods
This systematic review will follow PRISMA-P guidelines for reporting. Relevant databases ─ EMBASE, MEDLINE, Health Management Information Consortium, Social Sciences Citation Index, Science Citation Index, Emerging Sources, CENTRAL, 3ie, Database of disability and inclusion information resources, and WHO Library Database – will be searched for published articles in the urban context. Reference lists of relevant systematic reviews and commentaries and citations of key included studies will be checked for additional studies. Two reviewers will independently screen the studies in Covidence following the exclusion and inclusion criteria. Data will be thematically analysed and narratively synthesised.
Discussion
This review will comprehensively assess and appraise all the existing PPP models for urban health provision in the least developed, low income, and lower-middle-income countries and territories. The findings of the review will help to understand the modalities of the existing health related PPPs in urban areas, their functionalities and their contribution in achieving health outcomes.
Protocol Registration:
This protocol is registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews, PROSPERO (ID-CRD42021289509, 23 November 2021).
Exploring major reported themes in corporate sustainability disclosures integrating the sustainable development goals: an analysis of Sri Lankan listed firms
Authors: Soysa R.N.K. , Pallegedara Asankha , Kumara Ajantha Sisira , Jayasena D.M. , Samaranayake M.K.S.M.
Published: August 2022

Despite the existence of sustainability reporting guidelines integrating the sustainability goals (SDGs), the adaption of these guidelines may vary due to various reasons in different country settings. Thus, the purpose of this study is to identify the key disclosure themes in the corporate sustainability reports of Sri Lanka integrating the SDGs. The thematic content analysis technique is employed to identify the disclosed themes of the top 25 firms listed in the Colombo Stock Exchange (CSE) in the year 2019. Four major themes are identified as the major reported themes in the sustainability reports of the selected firms. The results further reveal that, firms tend to report more information on content related to human resources followed by capital-related content, while they report less information on content related to natural resources and technology. The research findings would be valuable in increasing awareness and setting up minimum reporting standards as strategies to improve the practise of corporate sustainability reporting in Sri Lanka.
Higher pre-treatment skin sympathetic nerve activity and elevated resting heart rate after chemoradiotherapy predict worse esophageal cancer outcomes
Authors: Tang Chen-Ling , Tsai Wei-Chung , Lee Jui-Ying , Wang Yao-Kuang , Chen Yi-Hsun , Liu Yu-Wei , Lin Ming-Chieh , Fang Pen-Tzu , Huang Yu-Ling , Wu I-Chen
Published: August 2022

Background
Chemoradiotherapy (CRT), which might affect the autonomic system, is the mainstay therapy for advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Autonomic dysfunction has been found to possibly lead to cancer mortality in those with elevated resting heart rates (RHR). Skin sympathetic nerve activity (SKNA) is a new method of stimulating electrical signals in skin to evaluate autonomic function from sympathetic tone. In this study, we investigated the association between changes in RHR and autonomic function and ESCC mortality.
Methods
Thirty-nine stage II-IV ESCC patients receiving CRT between March 2019 and November 2020 were prospectively enrolled and carefully selected, followed up and received the same meticulous supportive care. Serial RHR was recorded every two weeks from before CRT to eight weeks after CRT and average SKNA were recorded before and four weeks after CRT. All-cause mortality was defined as primary outcome.
Results
We found the RHR of ESCC patients to be significantly elevated and peaking at four weeks after CRT (p < 0.001) and then to gradually decrease. Those with an elevated RHR above the cutoff level (18 beat-per-minute) at eight weeks after CRT had worse overall survival. In addition, those with higher baseline sympathetic tone (average SKNA ≥ 0.86µV) also had poor outcome.
Conclusions
Increased pre-treatment sympathetic tone and elevated RHR after CRT are alarm signs of poor ESCC outcome. Further exploration of the mechanisms underlying these associations could potentially lead to intervention strategies for reducing mortality.
Trial registration:
This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT03243448.
Normal Spirometry Prediction Equations for the Iranian population
Authors: Sahebi Leyla , Rahimi Besharat , Shariat Mamak , Hosseini Mohsen , Mousavy Seyyed Hosein
Published: August 2022

This study aimed to establish normative spirometric equations in a healthy population of Iranian children and adults, and compare these equations with those developed by the Caucasian Global Lung Initiative (GLI) for the first time.Methods:Spirometric data from healthy Iranian aged 4–82 years sampled in 2019 were used to derive reference equations using the generalized additive model for location (mu), shape (lambda), and scale (sigma).Results:A total of 418 females and 204 males were included in the study. Applying the GLI standards for the Iranian population resulted from the Z scores of FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC, and FEF25-75%was not different from zero. Based on the newly calculated LLN, eleven individuals showed significant values below the LLN for FEV1/FVC. In all age groups, this frequency was less than 5%, except for men over 70 years of age, which was 12.5%. There are significant differences between new data and GLI for Caucasian data.Conclusions:It is recommended that the values and equations generated from this study should be used by physicians and technicians in their routine practice for the diagnosis and assessment of pulmonary disorders.
The Agreement among Syringing, Dacryocystography, and Dacryoendoscopy in Lacrimal Duct Obstruction
Authors: Nakamura Jutaro , Kamao Tomoyuki , Mitani Arisa , Mizuki Nobuhisa , Shiraishi Atsushi
Published: August 2022

Purpose: To retrospectively investigate the agreement of diagnostic findings in syringing, dacryocystography (DCG), and dacryoendoscopy in the obstruction of the lacrimal drainage system (LDS).Design: Retrospective, analytical observational studyMethods: We examined 113 patients (211 LDS) who underwent syringing, DCG, and dacryoendoscopy to preoperatively evaluate LDS obstruction. Obstruction was compared by classifying the obstruction grade and site into three levels, respectively. The diagnostic agreement between tests was assessed by determining the weighted kappa value.Results: A total of 25 male (49 LDS) and 88 female patients (162 LDS) were included in this study. Obstruction was observed in 77.4%, 60.0%, and 81.3% of LDS by syringing, DCG, and dacryoendoscopy, respectively. Regarding the agreement in obstruction grade, Cohen’s kappa value for DCG and dacryoendoscopy was 0.65 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.56–0.74). DCG found no obstruction in 38.4% of all LDS, whereas 47.9% of them showed stenosis or obstruction by dacryoendoscopy. Meanwhile, DCG and dacryoendoscopy showed consistency in the obstruction site in 77.9% of LDS. When discrepancies were observed between syringing and dacryoendoscopy to detect the obstruction site, the combination of syringing and DCG reached dacryoendoscopy findings at the 99% level.Conclusions: “Substantial” agreements were found in the diagnostic findings among the three examinations. Then, the highest agreement was observed between syringing and dacryoendoscopy in determining the obstruction site. The lowest agreements were observed between syringing and DCG in diagnosing the obstruction grade and site.
Clinical and MRI analyses of dorsal spinal column function in compressive cervical myelopathy
Authors: Mizouchi Tatsuki , Urakawa Takaaki , Watanabe Kei , Matsuzawa Hitoshi , Yoshimura Norihiko , Inagawa Shoichi , Kanazawa Tsutomu , Saito Hiroaki , Kimura Shinji , Endo Naoto
Published: August 2022

This study aimed to evaluate whether the somatosensory functions of the upper (UE) and lower extremities (LE) were correlated with the degree of fasciculus cuneatus (FC) and fasciculus gracilis (FG) degeneration based on magnetic resonance imaging in patients with compressive cervical myelopathy (CCM). We prospectively recruited 32 patients with CCM. Median nerve somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) and the Semmes–Weinstein monofilament (SWM) test were employed to test UE somatosensory function. Tibial nerve SEPs, the foot SWM test, and Romberg ratio were used to evaluate LE somatosensory function. We imaged FC and FG using three-dimensional anisotropy contrast diffusion magnetic resonance axonography. Diffusion tensor invariant of fractional anisotropy (FA) was used to measure the degree of degeneration in FC and FG. FA values of FC degeneration were significantly correlated with the median nerve SEPs (Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient [rs] = − 0.66) and hand SWM tests (rs = − 0.52). FA values of FG degeneration were correlated with the tibial nerve SEPs (rs = − 0.66), foot SWM tests (rs = − 0.70), and Romberg ratio (rs = − 0.60). Our study demonstrates that in patients with CCM, UE and LE somatosensory examinations are correlated with the degree of degeneration in the FC and FG, respectively.