bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance Analysis of Healthcare data and its Implementation on NVIDIA GPU using CUDA-C
Authors: Rao Naseem , Tanweer Safdar
Published: February 2019

In this paper we show how commodity GPU based data mining can help classify various healthcare data in different groups faster than traditional CPU based systems. In addition such systems are cheaper than various ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuits) based solutions. Such faster clustering of data could provide useful insights for making successful decisions in case of emergency and outbreaks. Finally, we present conclusion based on our research done so far. In our work we used NVIDIA GPU for implementing an algorithm for healthcare data classification. Speech dissiliency and stuttering assessment can also be addressed through classification audio/speech samples using ANN, k-NN, SVM etc4. Such a faster and economical way to get such insights is of paramount importance.  Specifically as a proof-of-concept we have implement k-means algorithm on health care related data set.

Keywords: NVIDIA; GPU; ECG; CPU; ANN.
Strictly protected species of hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) in Serbia in the face of climate change
Authors: Milicic Marija , Jankovic Marina , Milic Dubravka , Radenkovic Snezana , Vujic Ante
Published: February 2019

Climate change is happening. Due to a spectrum of possible conse?quences,
numerous studies examine the effects of global warming on species
distribution. This study examines the effects of changing climate on
distribution of selected strictly protected species of hoverflies in Serbia,
by using species distribution modelling. Ten species were included in the
analysis. Three species were predicted to lose a part of their range across
time, while for seven species the range expansion was predicted. Both in the
present time and in the future, mountainous regions have the highest species
richness, such as Golija, Kopaonik, and Prokletije in the western Serbia,
and mountains Stara Planina, Besna Kobila, Suva Planina, and Dukat in the
southeastern part of the country. However, beside climate change, there are
several other factors that might influence the distribution of strictly
pro?tected hoverflies in Serbia, such as intensive land use and degradation
of habitats. Addition?ally, global warming also affects flowering plants
that syrphids are dependent on, which could present another obstacle to
their future range expansions. These results can contribute to planning
future steps for the conservation of strictly protected hoverfly species.
Hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) in protected areas of Greece
Authors: Likov Laura , Vujic Ante , Radenkovic Snezana
Published: February 2019

Greece hosts a highly diverse hoverfly fauna. The high diversity in this area
arises primarily due to its position in the Mediterranean region, which is
located at the junction of Europe, Asia and Africa and acts as a transition
zone between three major bio?geographic regions. Sites with the richest
hoverfly fauna in Greece are mostly protected. Species richness in selected
protected areas were estimated using biodiversity indices. Accord?ing to the
results, the most important categories for conservation and survival of
hoverfly populations in Greece are national parks and Ramsar sites.
Quality assessment of habitats using phytophagous hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae)
Authors: Popov Snezana , Markov Zlata , Radenkovic Snezana , Vujic Ante
Published: February 2019

Biodiversity has strongly declined throughout the world mainly due to human
activities. Thus, standardized indicators are needed more than ever before to
effec?tively monitor anthropogenic disturbance and its impact on ecosystems.
In this study, hov?erfly species of two largest phytophagous genera
(Cheilosia and Merodon) were chosen as bioindicators to assess the quality of
15 sites located in Serbia; in or around mountains Fruska Gora, Kopaonik,
Stara Planina, Dubasnica and Pcinja region. Sufficiently close associations
with particular habitats (each having its own characteristic assemblage) make
phytophagous hoverflies perfect candidates for such a role. Syrph the Net
database was used as a useful tool for assessing quality of habitats and
detecting differences between them.
Hoverfly diversity assesment in grassland and forest habitats in Autonomous Province of Vojvodina based on a recent monitoring study
Authors: Markov Zlata , Popov Snezana , Mudri-Stojnic Sonja , Radenkovic Snezana , Vujic Ante
Published: February 2019

Pollination is a required process for survival of numerous plant species and
crops. Hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) play a significant role in this
phenomenon. Due to raising environmental pressures, pollinator diversity and
pollination services are at risk. Faunistic studies and biodiversity research
are the essential elements and steps in the process of species preservation.
This study aimed to analyze diversity of hoverflies in two CORINE land cover
types (Broad-leaved forest and Natural grasslands), based on a recent
one-year study. To achieve this goal, Shannon?s diversity index (H),
Shannon?s equitability (EH), and Jaccard similarity coefficient (Jt) were
calculated. Values of indices and coefficients indicate which parts of
Vojvodina and what land cover types can be considered as hoverfly reservoirs.
Cidades: ensino, compreensão, gestão e impasses
Authors: Ultramari Clovis
Published: February 2019

O interesse desta entrevista nasceu pela proximidade com o Prof. Clovis Ultramari e suas polêmicas quanto ao urbanismo, presentes no artigo “Significados de Urbanismo”, publicado em 2009 na Pós. Revista do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Arquitetura e Urbanismo, da FAUUSP. Por ser um artigo bastante usado no cotidiano acadêmico, na medida em que auxilia docentes e discentes a respeito do que é e não é o urbanismo, resolveu-se construir aqui indagações direcionadas a dois públicos: docentes e discentes de arquitetura, além de demais interessados na polêmica crise do ensino do urbanismo na acadêmica brasileira.
Sources of Knowledge and Networking as Conditions for Development of Innovative Undertakings in Poland
Authors: Sieradzka Katarzyna , Kaliszczak Lidia
Published: February 2019

Start-up enterprises play a vital role in the knowledge economy, commonly acting as links between invention and innovation. Their development depends on an efficient start-up ecosystem including institutional environment. It comprises such classic institutions as business incubators, accelerators, technology parks, centres of technology transfer as well as increasingly popular forms of support like: mentoring, industry meetings, competitions, and hackathons. This paper is intended to analyse and evaluate non-financial support, mainly knowledge and business contacts (networking), in development of start-up enterprises in Poland.
The Financial Situation of the households in Poland after Implementation of the Programme „Family 500+”
Authors: Bugajewska Joanna
Published: February 2019

The aim of the present paper is an analysis of the impact of the government economic instrument, the „Family 500+” programme on spending decisions of Polish people. For this purpose, financial conditions of families living in two Polish cities: Radom and Chełm were being observed (in the light of the own diagnosis). As a part of a survey, people were asked questions regarding the amount of monthly family income, savings and credits, types of goods and services purchased owing to the  „500+” programme for the benefit of children and young people under 18. The paper ends with conclusions resulting from the conducted research.
Una nota a Epicteto I, 23, 6
Authors: Ortiz García Paloma
Published: February 2019

The passage has been diversely commented by Epictetus' editors and translators. The author collects their opinions and offers a new interpretation based on the comparison between this text and Epictetus Discourses II, 4, 6.
Young Peopleâ€™s Smoking Behaviour; Determinants and Health Consequences: Evidence from Cape Area Panel Study (CAPS)
Authors: Oyedokun Amos Olugbenga
Published: February 2019

This paper examined the determinants and health-consequences of smoking among youths in Cape Town, South Africa between 2002 and 2005. Findings show that 25% of the respondents had started smoking cigarette while 3% had started smoking dagga or other drug at the baseline. More than a third of those who smoked cigarette and about a third of those who smoked dagga or other drugs in 2002 were less than 18 years. Being a male and a coloured, and living in predominantly coloured neighbourhoods significantly associated with smoking cigarette and dagga/other drugs in past month. Childhood place of residence being urban and living in poor neighbourhoods significantly associates with smoking of cigarette and dagga. Also, those who have initiated cigarette smoking at the first wave were significantly more likely to self-report smoking-related illnesses in the three waves. Therefore, program and policy interventions should be designed to address such behaviour.
Um estudo das formas verbais imperativas em cartas pessoais dos séculos XIX e XX
Authors: Silva Aldeir Gomes da
Published: February 2019

Este estudo analisa cartas pessoais pernambucanas escritas nos séculos XIX e XX, a fim de verificar o comportamento variável do uso de imperativos nas correspondências, bem como observar quais outras formas não verbais podem e são usadas com objetivo de fazer pedidos, exortações etc., considerando os processos de elipse dos verbos, principalmente nas sessões de captação de benevolência, recomendações e despedida das missivas. No que diz respeito às formas imperativas textualmente marcadas, temos por objetivo verificar quais ações podem ser expressas através dos verbos no contexto das cartas analisadas. Para tanto, baseamo-nos na teoria de Tradição Discursiva (KOCH, 1997; KABATEK, 2006; COSTA, 2012), que caracteriza modelos textuais, social e historicamente convencionalizados, que fazem parte da memória cultural de uma comunidade (LONGHIN, 2014) e abrangem distintos graus de abstração e complexidade de modelos textuais. Além de ser uma rica fonte aos estudos da história das línguas, as cartas pessoais constituem um exemplo eficaz da relação existente entre tradições existentes e inovação no contexto sócio-histórico, e o uso dos imperativos nas correspondências oferece um recorte dessa relação.  Para a realização desta análise, foram coletadas 60 correspondências produzidas entre os anos de 1901 e 1969. Para a discussão dos dados, apoiamo-nos nos conceitos da sociolinguística (LABOV, 1994 apud LOPES, 2011) na análise quantitativa das ocorrências (ou não ocorrências) de imperativos nas sessões de captação de benevolência, recomendações e saudações das cartas pessoais. Os resultados desta pesquisa apontam para a constatação de que a variação é “mais sistemática e predizível tanto estrutural quanto socialmente” (LOPES, 2011, p. 365).
Toponimia menor e conservadorismo lingüístico: algúns exemplos contemporáneos da cidade da Coruña
Authors: Sánchez Rei Xosé Manuel
Published: February 2019

Este traballo ocúpase dalgúns topónimos menores localizados na Coruña cuxas características lingüisticas nos informan sobre aspectos evolutivos e históricos doutras épocas. Moitos deles acabaron perdéndose, mais outros, no entanto, continúan hoxe a ser habituais na comarca.
THE NUCLEAR FACTOR OF HEPATOCYTES 1β (HNF1β)–ASSOCIATED DISEASE. CLINIC, DIAGNOSTIC, TREATMENT (LITERATURE REVIEW AND CLINICAL OBSERVATION)
Authors: Papizh S. V. , Piruzieva O. R.
Published: February 2019

Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1β (HNF1β)-associated disease is a rare autosomal dominant disease caused by various mutations in the HNF1β gene coding the hepatocyte nuclear factor 1β. HNF1β is a transcription factor that is critical for the development of kidney urogenital tract, pancreas, liver, brain, and parathyroid gland. Renal phenotype or HNF1β- nephropathy appeared to be extremely heterogenic: multicystic renal dysplasia, renal hypoplasia, unilateral renal agenesis, horseshoe kidney, atypical familial juvenile hyperuricemic nephropathy, urinary tract malformations and tubular dysfunction. Extrarenal phenotype of HNF1β-associated disease could be maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY), pancreatic atrophy and exocrine pancreatic dysfunction, elevated liver enzymes, neonatal cholestasis, congenital abnormalities of the genital tract, hyperparathyroidism, neurological symptoms. The multisystem phenotype makes clinical verification of the diagnosis extremely difficult. In this article, we present a clinical observation of a child with HNF1β – associated disease. The first clinical presentation of HNF1β-associated disease was ultrasound changes in the kidneys (hyperechogenic kidneys?), which were detected by prenatal ultrasonography in pregnancy. Renal ultrasound revealed polycystic kidney disease in the first days of life and bilateral medullary nephrocalcinosis by the age of three. The clinical examination showed a reduced renal function and developed Fanconi syndrome (glycosuria, low molecular proteinuria, hypophosphatemia, aminoaciduria, hyperuricosuria) in the first year of life. Also the child had a non-constant asymptomatic elevation of liver enzymes, hyperparathyroidism, osteoporosis. The diagnosis was confirmed by the results of next generation sequencing which revealed novel heterozygous mutation in exon 4 of the HNF1b gene (chr17: 36091813C>T), p.Cys273Tyr (c.818G>A). The identified mutation was validated by Sanger sequencing. Validation by Sanger sequencing did not reveal a chr17: 36091813C>T mutation in parents, which suggested the appearance of a mutation in the child de novo.
CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE AND ARRHYTHMIAS: CONCLUSIONS FROM A KIDNEY DISEASE: IMPROVING GLOBAL OUTCOMES (KDIGO) CONTROVERSIES CONFERENCE
Authors: Blankestijn Peter J. , Carrero Juan-Jesus , Clase Catherine M. , Deo Rajat , Herzog Charles A. , Kasner Scott E. , Passman Rod S. , Pecoits-Filho Roberto , Reinecke Holger , Shrof Gautam R. , Zareba Wojciech , Cheung Michael , Wheeler David C. , Winkelmayer Wolfgang C. , Wanner Christoph , Turakhia Mintu P.
Published: February 2019

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are predisposed to heart rhythm disorders, including atrial fibrillation (AF)/atrial flutter, supraventricular tachycardias, ventricular arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death (SCD). While treatment options, including drug, device, and procedural therapies, are available, their use in the setting of CKD is complex and limited. Patients with CKD and end-stage kidney disease have historically been under-represented or excluded from randomized trials of arrhythmia treatment strategies, 1 although this situation is changing. Cardiovascular society consensus documents have recently identified evidence gaps for treating patients with CKD and heart rhythm disorders. To identify key issues relevant to the optimal prevention, management, and treatment of arrhythmias and their complications in patients with kidney disease, Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) convened an international, multidisciplinary Controversies Conference in Berlin, Germany, titled CKD and Arrhythmias in October 2016.
Bir Isıl İşlem Kontaminantı Akrilamid: Oluşum Mekanizmaları ve Et Ürünlerinde Akrilamid Oluşumunun Azaltılmasına Dair Stratejiler
Authors: Kavuşan Hülya Serpil , Serdaroglu Meltem
Published: February 2019

Akrilamid, gıdalarda indirgen şekerler ile asparajin aminoasidi arasında gerçekleşen reaksiyonlar sonucu veya akrolein bileşiğinin oksidasyonu ile meydana gelen karsinojen ve mutajenik bir bileşiktir. Çoğunlukla karbonhidrat bazlı gıdalarda görülmesine rağmen protein içerikli kompozit yapıya sahip et ürünlerinde kızartma, buğulama ve fırınlama işlemleri sonucunda yüksek miktarlarda oluşabilmektedir. Et ürünlerinde akrilamid oluşumunu etkileyen faktörler kullanılan yağın çeşidi, yağın kullanım sayısı, sistemde var olan öncül maddeler, pişirme yöntemi, sıcaklık, süre ve depolama olarak sıralandırılabilir. Akrilamidin sağlık üzerine olumsuz etkilerinin bulunması gıdalarda akrilamidin oluşumunun azaltılmasına dair stratejiler uygulanmasına neden olmaktadır. Bu stratejiler; ısıl işlem süresi ve sıcaklığının mümkün olduğunca düşürülmesi, öncül maddelerin miktarının azaltılması, sisteme çeşitli katyonların, enzimlerin, aminoasitlerin ve antioksidanların eklenmesi ve oluşan akrilamid bileşiğinin sistemden uzaklaştırılması gibi önlemleri kapsamaktadır. Bu derlemede et ürünlerinde akrilamid oluşumunu etkileyen faktörlerin ve akrilamid miktarının azaltılmasına dair stratejilerin detaylı olarak açıklanması amaçlanmıştır.
A INTER-RELAÇÃO ENTRE POBREZA E MEIO AMBIENTE PARA OS MUNICÍPIOS DE MINAS GERAIS
Authors: OLIVEIRA Damaris Bento Ortêncio , Fernandes Elaine Aparecida
Published: February 2019

Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a inter–relação entre pobreza e degradação ambiental para os municípios do Estado de Minas Gerais, no período de 2000 e 2010. Primeiramente, buscou-se revisar a literatura que trata do tema pobreza e meio ambiente, pois o tema é recente e pouco explorado. Posteriormente, procurou-se identificar o nível de degradação e de pobreza dos municípios mineiros calculando os índices de degradação ambiental e de pobreza. Estes índices mostraram que Minas Gerais tem sérios problemas e de níveis de pobreza e de degradação. Por fim, o presente estudo avaliou por meio de uma análise econométrica de dados em painel a inter-relação entre pobreza e meio ambiente. Os resultados mostraram que variações no índice de degradação causam variações diretas no índice de pobreza, apesar desta relação direta nada pode-se auferir sobre a determinação da pobreza e da degradação ambiental, ou seja, aumento do índice de degradação ambiental afeta o índice de pobreza, mas não o determina.
Consumo e certificação de maçãs: perfil do consumidor e disposição a pagar
Authors: Sanguinet Eduardo Rodrigues , Da Silva Leonardo Xavier
Published: February 2019

Este artigo apresenta a análise do comportamento do consumidor diante dos processos de certificação de maçãs. O estudo foi realizado na cidade de Santa Maria (Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil). Aplicou-se o modelo de regressão logística para avaliar o perfil do consumidor e sua disposição a pagar por maçãs certificadas. Os resultados mostram que os consumidores não valoram, em sua maioria, os atributos da fruta que relacionam-se à qualidade e segurança do alimento no momento da compra. Verificou-se, também, que o conjunto de características socioeconômicas dos consumidores não possibilita que se trace uma tipologia do indivíduo que valora e que esteja disposto a pagar mais para comprar maçãs certificadas.
ANÁLISE ECONÔMICA DE PLANTIOS FLORESTAIS NA AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR DA REGIÃO SUL DO BRASIL
Authors: Pasa Débora Luana , De Farias Jorge Antonio Antonio , Laureano Flavio , Nolasco Bibiana Graeff
Published: February 2019

A demanda por madeira vem contribuindo para o desenvolvimento do setor florestal em larga escala e também no que tange às pequenas propriedades, visto que a matéria-prima é utilizada diretamente na área rural, além de poder constituir significativo aumento de renda dos produtores. Objetivou-se realizar a análise financeira, econômica e de sensibilidade de duas propostas de investimento florestal caracterizadas por serem implantadas em propriedades rurais baseadas na agricultura familiar da região Centro Serra - RS. Os fatores considerados foram o Valor Presente Líquido, Valor Anual Equivalente, Taxa Interna de Retorno, Benefício-custo e Custo Médio de Produção. A análise de sensibilidade avaliou os projetos em duas taxas de juros distintas e considerou a variação do preço de venda da madeira em +10% a -10%. O estudo demonstrou a viabilidade financeira dos reflorestamentos em todos os cenários analisados. A análise de sensibilidade evidenciou a diminuição da lucratividade dos reflorestamentos com o aumento da taxa de juros e a diminuição do preço da madeira em 10%. O reflorestamento implantado foi considerado viável, além de se caracterizar como fonte de renda complementar. Sendo assim, faz-se necessário planejamento e manejo adequado para esses plantios, além da implementação de políticas públicas para fomento florestal, visto que a região Centro Serra possui mercado para absorver a matéria-prima produzida.
THE IMPACT OF INCREASING RETIREMENT AGE ON HEALTH SERVICES AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN BRAZIL
Authors: Coelho André Berardo , Paes Nelson Leitão
Published: February 2019

This paper uses the Zon and Muysken (2001) model to investigate the effect of increasing the retirement age on health care production, human capital accumulation, and economic growth. All three sectors are interrelated, since the overall level of health affects both workers and the accumulation of human capital, while a higher level of human capital is related to better quality of health. And, finally, health and human capital affect the output of the economy. From the economic growth point of view the results seem to be positive. Increasing labor availability raises productivity in the health sector, which ultimately improves labor productivity, resulting in increased capital accumulation and economic growth. On the other hand, it is estimated a reduction in the propensity to consume and a smaller portion of the labor force allocated in the health sector.
HETEROGENEIDADE DA AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR: UMA ANÁLISE DOS MUNICÍPIOS FLUMINENSES A PARTIR DE ASPECTOS DA MODERNIZAÇÃO
Authors: De Souza Hadma Milaneze , De Souza Paulo Marcelo , Ferreira Neto José Ambrósio
Published: February 2019

O objetivo do artigo é analisar a heterogeneidade da agricultura familiar entre os municípios do estado do Rio de Janeiro, considerando aspectos tecnológicos. Na análise, foram utilizadas as informações do Censo Agropecuário de 2006. Inicialmente, foram elaborados 58 indicadores de utilização de tecnologia. Mediante análise fatorial, esses indicadores foram sintetizados em quatro fatores, cujos valores possibilitaram o cálculo de um índice de utilização de tecnologia para cada município. A partir dos índices obtidos, constatou-se que existe expressiva desigualdade entre os municípios quanto aos níveis de utilização de tecnologia e que, em geral, os municípios têm uma agricultura familiar pouco modernizada.
FUNDOS GARANTIDORES COMO ALTERNATIVAS DE ACESSO AO CRÉDITO RURAL
Authors: Pereira Freitas Andre Marcelo , Brisola Marlon Vinícius
Published: February 2019

O artigo investiga as repercussões e os fundamentos necessários quanto à eventual implementação de Fundos Garantidores como mecanismo de acesso ao crédito rural no Brasil. Confrontaram-se os principais Fundos Garantidores, com destaque para o FGO, FGI, FAMPE e SGFA, evidenciando-se as diferenças e similaridades entre o modelo de garantia de crédito italiano e brasileiro. A pesquisa permitiu convergir para a possibilidade da ampliação do modelo de garantia brasileiro, de forma a apoiar os produtores rurais, somando-se aos Fundos Garantidores existentes de apoio às MPE, revelando, inclusive, os desafios para o aprimoramento do modelo de garantia brasileiro.
Relationship Between Ferritin and Folic Acid Levels In Pregnant Women With Newborn Weight and Head Circumference
Authors: Maria Harahap Usna , Oenzil Fadil , Desmawati Desmawati
Published: February 2019

Iron deficiency and folic acid anemia cause decrease in ferritin and folic acid levels that can interfere with the intake of oxygen and nutrients to the fetus resulting in LBW and reduced brain growth during pregnancy. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between ferritin and folic acid levels in pregnant women with newborn weight and head circumference.This study was a cross sectional study conducted on 55 pregnant women at 37-42 weeks who were taken by consecutive sampling technique. The study was carried out in the Working Area of the Puskesmas and the Regional Health Laboratory of the Merangin Regency, and the health laboratory of West Sumatra Province from May 25 to July 13, 2018. Test the normality with the Kolmogorov-smirnov test and the correlation test using Pearson and Spearman.The results showed ferritin mean 23,643±16,682 ng/ml, folic acid 14,093±4,578 ng/ml, newborn weight 3047,27±399,005 gram and head circumference 33,02±1,163 cm. Statistical test results showed no correlation between ferritin levels with body weight (r=0.063, p=0.648) and head circumference (r=0.018, p=0.895) and folic acid levels with body weight (r=-0.036, p=0.795) and head circumference (r=-0.098, p=0.477).The conclusions of the study were that ferritin and folic acid levels of pregnant women had no significant correlation with newborn weight and head circumference. By improving nutrition, socioeconomic, qualitative antenatal care, initial referral of risky cases and supplementation of iron and folic acid can reduce the incidence of anemia.
Optimum Building Wall Thickness under Actual Weather Conditions for Kirkuk City
Authors: Waes Mousa M.
Published: February 2019

The aim of the present study is to obtain the optimum wall thickness of the buildings from four different wall thickness sizes that which selected as 48, 32, 24, and 16 cm used for building room. The dimension of 6×4×3 m, built by a common brick insulated for all sides except south wall. For this purpose, an energy simulation has been conducted by preparing a computer programmer and was executed by Matlab software. The two days in different weather conditions on 2016, first on 30/12, and other 01/07 for a constant indoor temperature at 23oC. The results showed that the inner surface temperature was more stability against to the weather change for both climate conditions. In addition, the thick wall 48cm needs more energy consumption than other three types of walls about twice that 16cm thickness in a cold climate. The wall thick was more active for energy saving in a hot climate, and obverse, where the thin wall has more energy saving in a cold climate. The energy analyzing for both climates showing that the optimum wall thickness about 30 cm and the rate of energy consumption were estimated about 500 W.
Incentives for Reading in the System of Socio-Cultural Regulation of Reading Activity
Authors: Askarova Violetta Ya. , Sinetsky Sergey B. , Tsukerman Vladimir S.
Published: February 2019

The intensity and content of reading activity largely determine the objective processes of social development; at the same time, it is affected by the system of social regulation of reading behavior, which is carried out by institutional and non-institutional spheres. The lack of significant results testifying to the effectiveness of the program-project activity that has been intensified in recent years in Russia in support and development of reading is largely due to the lack of a system of ideas on the incentives that encourage people to practice certain actions that promote reading.

Institutional regulation, represented by a system of power structures, official social and communicative institutions, is implemented through directive, regulatory, normative and legal documents, cultural policies that define the cultural landscape, as well as positioning of reading infrastructure institutions. The latter ones are currently characterized by a tendency to use soft methods of inducing reading on the basis of subject-subject interaction with real and potential readers using their specific means of influence. Advertising and propaganda technologies, methods and means of social technology and social engineering, social planning and forecasting, elements of management psychology are increasingly used. In the non-institutional sphere of regulation, the stimulation of reading activity is realized on the basis of traditions, customs, habits, moods, value representations. The dominant role is played here by the social environment: family, circle of direct communication, reference and subculture groups, networked readership communities.

The institutional and non-institutional spheres interact, reflecting each other in their own way; knowledge of the processes taking place in the sphere of public initiative will enable reading infrastructure institutions to harmonize their activities, bringing it into a state corresponding to the real needs of various groups of potential or real readers on the basis of socio-psychological mechanisms of communication, recommendations of “significant others”, various manifestations of fashion in reading.

The article shows that, in the system of reading support and development, it is necessary to identify and name the most effective incentives determined by the socio-cultural context; the incentives generated by the sphere of institutional regulation at the level of power structures and reading infrastructure institutions, as well as the incentives spontaneously formed in the sphere of non-institutional regulation of reading activity. What is happening in the non-institutional sphere should become an important guideline for the institutional sphere to adjust its own activities and find the most effective management decisions and means of interaction with readers.
Chinghiz Aitmatov’s Humanistic Principles in On-Screen Interpretations: A Dialogue of Cultures
Authors: Kirillova Natalya B.
Published: February 2019

The purpose of this article is to actua­lize the humanistic principles of Chinghiz Aitmatov (1928—2008), one of the brightest writers and humanists of the 20th century, whose 90th birth anniversary is being celebrated by the world community. The article considers the problems of on-screen interpretations of Chinghiz Aitmatov’s works in the Soviet and post-Soviet periods. The author considers interpreting of literary classics not only as a “translation” of a work from the language of one art into the language of another, but also as a “dialogue of cultures” (according to M. Bakhtin) — in this case, the book one (culture of the word) and the screen one (audiovisual culture). The article uses the historical-comparative and interdisciplinary methods: the artistic and cultural approaches are combined with the method of lite­rary analysis of texts. The chosen research topic is relevant due to both the revival of interest in Ch. Aitmatov’s works, which raised the problems of “cultural me­mory” and “cultural identity” to the rank of universal, and the increase of scientific interest in the issues of on-screen interpretations. The article analyzes the films by A. Konchalovsky, G. Bazarov, L. Shepitko, I. Poplavskaya, S. Urusevsky, T. Okeev, B. Shamshiev, K. Gevorkyan, B. Karagulov, and other directors who filmed Aitmatov’s prose. The author concludes that on-screen interpretations are able to “actualize” and “moder­nize” the classics in the era of globalization; and the task of the interpreter is extremely complex and responsible.

The article has three main sections. The first one, “In Line with the ‘Sixties’”, considers the proximity of young Aitmatov’s works to the search and discovery of the artists of the “Thaw” period. The second one, “How a Man Can Be a Man...”, reveals the features of the worldview of the writer who rethinks the Soviet reality, which changes the atmosphere of the films based on his works. In the third section “From Drama to Philosophical Parable”, the author focu­ses on the strengthening of moral and philosophical problematics in Aitmatov’s works, which complicates the artistic image of on-screen adaptations and makes them a kind of mirror of the era of social upheaval.
A.S. Pushkin’s Works in the Graphics of M.V. Dobuzhinsky
Authors: Zavyalova Anna E.
Published: February 2019

The article introduces into scientific discourse, and examines a number of M.V. Dobuzhinsky’s works: it traces the process of working on them, identifies their sources (literary and visual), analyzes the stylistic features and the specifics of the graphic techniques. These tasks are performed within the context of interaction between literature and fine arts. This topic is relevant because M.V. Dobuzhinsky’s illustrations to the stories “Stationmaster” and “Squire’s Daughter”, the play “Covetous Knight”, and the poem “Magnificent City, Poor City...” by A.S. Pushkin are studied as works of fine art for the first time.

The scientific novelty of the article lies in the fact that it introduces an experience of defining the stylistic affiliation of the said works, and reveals a number of their visual sources. The author uses the method of complex analysis, combining the source analysis of M. Dobuzhinsky’s memoirs and his letters, the works of the artist’s contemporaries devoted to the Russian art of the beginning of the 20th century, and the traditional formal analysis of his works in comparison with those of Rembrandt, A. Benois, A. Dürer, F. Tolstoy, Japanese engravings of the 18th — beginning of the 19th century. This allows a significant expansion of existing ideas about visual and literary sources of the artist’s works.

The article reveals that Rembrandt’s etching “View of Amsterdam from the Northwest” influenced the artistic solution of the illustration “In the Carriage” for the story “Stationmaster”; Hiroshige’s sheets influenced the illustration “Vyrin at the Entrance of Minsky’s House” for the same story. A. Dürer’s woodcuts influenced the solution of the illustration “Scene 1” for the play “Covetous Knight”; F. Tolstoy’s silhouettes influenced the vignettes and the artistic solution of the illustrations and decorations for the story “Squire’s Daughter”. The article also finds that H.Ch. Andersen’s tales “The Old House” and “The Old Street Lamp” had predetermined M. Dobuzhinsky’s appeal to the story “Stationmaster”, and the graphic solution of St. Petersburg in the picture “View of the St. Petersburg House”. The author concludes that M. Dobuzhinsky’s illustrating of Pushkin’s works was in line with his intense creative experiments: searching for a new solution to the image of St. Petersburg in book graphics, rethinking and “quoting” the masters of the past.
Philosophical and Ethical Intensions of the Category of Heroic in L.N. Tolstoy’s Early Works
Authors: Berestovskaya Diana S.
Published: February 2019

Texts of culture, which act as “generators of meaning”, are associated by Yu.M. Lotman, in his work “The History and Typology of Culture”, with the problem of memory that makes possible the reconstruction of the history of culture from its synchronic slices.

The study of L.N. Tolstoy’s early works allows to judge the figurative character of the philosophical ethical intentions of the category of heroic that were embodied in the topic of “man and war”.

The category of heroic is reflected in the concept of ancient philosophers — Plato (“Dialogues”), Aristotle (“Ethics”, “Poetics”), in the treatise by G. Bruno (“The Heroic Frenzies”), in the philosophy of G.W.F. Hegel (“Aesthetics”), and others. In the context of developing the idea of “man and war” and revealing Leo Tolstoy’s interest in ancient philosophy, the article aims to explore the embodiment of these intentions in the works of the great writer and to note the peculiar “echoes” of his thoughts about justice, courage or cowardice in battle by the examples of his works (the story “Raid”, “Caucasian Stories”, and others). Special attention should be paid to “Sevastopol Stories” created during the Crimean (Eastern) War by L.N. Tolstoy, an artillery officer who served in the most dangerous place of the Sevastopol defense (the 4th bastion). They reveal the essence of “true” and “false” courage, the relations between artillery soldiers and junior officers, the theme of the feat and other problems, which was later developed in the epic novel “War and Peace”.

The article actualizes the issue of traditions (from Plato to Hegel), the development of Leo Tolstoy’s ideas, the analysis of human behavior in a situation of mortal danger, the problem of the heroic and the tragic, reflected in the “military” prose of writers — participants of the Great Patriotic War: Yu.V. Bondarev, V.V. Bykov, G.Ya. Baklanov, V.O. Bogomolov, K.D. Vorobyov, K.M. Simonov, and others.
Archetypification as the Ideology and Technology of Educational Process
Authors: Fortunatova Vera A. , Valeeva Elena V.
Published: February 2019

The article is based on the methodology of development of the cultural heritage of the past, which translates the value of educational stability. For this purpose, the concept of generatype is introduced in the form of an educational model that concentrates the best of what humanity has preserved for the formation of human. Generatypes are derived from the change of cultural matrices, vary from era to era and depend on the nature of evolutionary changes of these sources within the individual cultural stages of social evolution. The concept we introduce does not mean grandiose “chips” of archetypal ideas, but only correlates them with the new human and the new world. A generatype is a total (collective) image that creates a special edu­cational ideology and determines the nature of human actions. It is the totality of human actions that forms a special type of person developed in a particular era. The most important in this process is the idea of accumulation of meanings. Educatio­nal gene­ratypes act as structural principles of exteriorization of educational reality, in which we distinguish the following periods characterized by specific generatypes: Antiquity, the Middle Ages, the 17th—18th centuries, the 19th and 20th centuries. Classical literature and the art of the past give us examples of spiritual dominants of each cultural era. The anthropological ideals we identify are the following: Antiquity — the hero, the Middle Ages — the saint, the Age of Enlightenment — the encyclopedist (universalist), the 19th century — the engineer/artist, the 20th century — the financier. Actualization of the ideas of the past is the extraction of the studied material from long-term and short-term memory for the purpose of its subsequent use in recognition or direct reproduction in the modern educational process. The combination of educational ideologies (ideas) of different relevance opens up new facets of modern educational theory and practice and reveals their cultural potential. Moreover, the mechanism of actualization should not be based on rough mo­dernization, but involves the use of receptive abilities of people, the development of their imagination and emotional memory. The cognitive-metaphorical scheme of synthesis of humanitarian content given in the article provides an example of the stated idea development both in the research direction and in the educational-applied space of new technologies of teaching eternal meanings.
“Inte­resting” in the Aesthetic Landscape of the City
Authors: Astafyeva Olga N. , Kuzmina Natalia V.
Published: February 2019

The article examines the aesthetic category of “interesting” as a dominant of urban environment development. The authors try to comprehend this category from the point of view of cultural know­ledge. The article includes a theoretical section, where, basing on well-known concepts, the authors outline the principles of embedding the “interesting”, as something aesthetics and artistic, in the postmo­dern fabric of modern megacities. The analytical part of the article is based on specific examples represen­ted by urban cultural landscapes, by the post­modern clash of art and non-art in urban space, by event communications and other forms of urban culture representation. The study resulted in designation of one of the main problems of modern cities: as a result of their excessive saturation with “interesting”, there can be observed a gro­wing cultural and aesthetic insensitivity to the “inte­resting” among their citizens.

From the methodological point of view, the study revealed that, in interpretation of modern phenomena of socio-cultural reality, it is not enough to proceed from the basic principles of a particular science. So, the interdisciplinary approach, as a methodolo­gical resource in demand today, allows revealing, by the example of the concept of “inte­resting”, the interconnection and interdependence of the methodological approaches of aesthetics and culturology for stu­dying the cultural environment of modern cities.

The authors analyze the “interesting” as an instrument of influencing on the cultural environment of the city and the perception of its text. As a result, the “interesting” intensifies the nonlinearity and fractality of urban space. On the example of Russian ci­ties development, the article reveals that the formation of a new cultural environment is always connected not only with changing of artistic design solutions or/and aesthetics trends. The authors prove that the need for “interesting” widens the frames of the subject field of aesthetics. The “interesting” is moving to the cen­ter of interdisciplinary cultural studies.
The Subculture of Male Unions as a Socio-Cultural Institution in Modern Societies
Authors: Komarova Anna V.
Published: February 2019

At the present time, in the socio-cultural space, there are many communities and subcultural movements attractive to young people and aimed at young people. Subcultural diversity, which constitutes the integrity of society’s culture, acts as a space for the formation of identification models and an alternative to cultural unification, which is increasingly embracing the world.

Diversity is a source of social development and, under the conditions of cardinal cultural and civilizational changes, requires scientific understanding to justify the instruments of its support, on the one hand. On the other hand, it needs the development of practical recommendations and a system of measures for effective interaction of the state with subcultural communities.

Male unions have an important role and active development in the life of society and in the subcultural environment. Historically representing a fundamental socio-cultural element of social development, they occupied a social niche and began to play an essential role in society in the 21st century.

It is relevant to study the role of male unions in modern society because of the following factors: 1) the institution of male unions of ancient tribes, with their initiation rites, has acquired a new form and content and still exists, 2) the experience of studying the role of male unions demonstrates that they are included in a complex system of social and spiritual ties and have made a significant contribution to the formation of certain structures of society, once becoming a prototype of the modern armed forces, 3) currently possessing a large network of interpersonal closed ties, including those at the international level, and a well-established collective identity, male unions influence the functioning of the social system and its cultural and spiritual content.

The article aims to describe the subculture of male unions represented by motorcycle clubs, as well as to determine the methodological problems associated with the study of motorcycle subculture as a socio-cultural component of society.

The novelty of the article is in the generalization of life regularities of modern male unions as traditional socio-cultural institutions. The emergence of such a phenomenon makes it important to study the possible prospects for male unions’ development, their role and place in society, and interaction with them.
The impact of HIV infection on the development of cutaneous cancers
Authors: Mitran Cristina Iulia , Mitran Mădălina Irina , Sârbu Maria Isabela , Tampa Mircea , Georgescu Simona Roxana , Popa Mircea Ioan
Published: February 2019

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection continues to be an important public health issue. Immunosuppression is responsible for the development of much comorbidity among HIV-infected patients. Of these, malignancies play an important role in the prognosis of the disease. Cancers diagnosed in HIV-infected patients can be divided into two main categories: AIDS-defining cancers and non-AIDS-defining cancers. In the second category, skin cancers represent an important subgroup, the most common being basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma.
CO2 or SO2: Should It Stay or Should It Go?
Authors: dos Passos Gomes Gabriel , Wimmer Alexander , Smith Joel , König Burkhard , Alabugin Igor
Published: February 2019

A broad computational analysis of carbon-centered radical formation via the loss of either CO2 or SO2 from the respective RXO2 radical precursors (X = C or S) reveals dramatic differences between these two types of dissociative processes. Whereas the C-C scission with the loss of CO2 is usually exothermic, the C-S scission with the loss of SO2 is generally endothermic. However, two factors can make the C-S scissions thermodynamically favorable: increased entropy, characteristic for the dissociative processes, and stereoelectronic influences of substituents. The threshold between endergonic and exergonic C-S fragmentations depends on subtle structural effects. In particular, the degree of fluorination in a radical precursor has a notable impact on the reaction outcome. This study aims to demystify the intricacies in reactivity regarding the generation of radicals from sulfinates and carboxylates, as related to their role in radical cross-coupling.
Influence of Interpenetration on the Flexibility of MUV-2
Authors: Vicent-Morales María , Vitórica-Yrezábal Iñigo J. , Souto Manuel , Minguez Espallargas Guillermo
Published: February 2019

The crystal structure of an interpenetrated tetrathiafulvalene(TTF)- based metal-organic framework (MOF) is reported. This MOF, denoted MUV-2-i, is the interpenetrated analogue of the hierarchical and flexible MUV-2. Interestingly, the large flexibility exhibited by MUV-2 upon polar solvent adsorption is considerably reduced in the interpenetrated form which can be explained by short S···S interactions between adjacent TTF-based ligands ensuring more rigidity to the framework. In addition, porosity of MUV-2-i significantly decreased in comparison to MUV-2 as shown by the reduced free volume in the crystal structure.
Miszellen. On the Legal Effects of Sponsalia
Authors: Mitchell Paul
Published: February 2019

This article challenges the traditional view that informal sponsalia (as described in D. 23,1) were legally unenforceable in classical Roman law. After a close examination of the contents and structure of D. 23,1 and related Digest texts, it offers a new interpretation of a crucial passage from Aulus Gellius (Noctes Atticae 4.4), which has traditionally been read as showing that Roman sponsalia were unenforceable. The article then concludes with a consideration of the literary evidence offered by Varro, Plautus and Ovid.
The Tax-benefit Interface
Authors: Nolan Patrick
Published: February 2019

This article discusses the interaction of the tax and benefit systems (the tax–benefit interface). It shows profiles of combined taxation and benefit abatement (effective marginal tax rate profiles) for two families, before discussing lessons that could be drawn from these profiles for policy. One theme that emerges is the need for simplification. Yet rather than pursuing simplification through grands projets, such as a universal basic income, what is needed is a focus on detailed design issues, such as how tightly programmes respond to fluctuations in hours of work and incomes.
Where There is a Will
Authors: Berentson-Shaw Jess
Published: February 2019

Unpaid labour, notably caring labour, is one of the most important and productive sectors of our society. Its inherent and measurable value has been stressed by scholars and practitioners, feminists and those doing unpaid work for generations. Yet policymakers continue to sideline it. This article describes the improvements that would flow from recognising and responding to the importance of unpaid labour, the values and cultural narratives that help explain the lack of policymaking will, and the potential for counters to these narratives.