bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Magnetic resonance imaging of the left wrist: assessment of the bone age in a sample of healthy Iraqi adolescent males
Authors: Rashid Najah R. , Al-Hilli Mohammed , Aliasghar Abdullateef , Shaker Qasim M.
Published: March 2023

Background: Use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to calculate skeletal age is a novel idea. MRI provides excellent soft-tissue contrast and multiplanar cross-sectional imaging capability. It could be used as an alternative method of skeletal age determination.Objectives: To study the value of MRI in estimating the age of healthy Iraqi adolescent males and to compare the obtained results with other countries records.Population and methods: This cross sectional study was applied on 179 healthy adolescent males between the ages of 13 to18 years in MRI unit at radiology institute in medical city, Baghdad – Iraq. This study was carried out from November 2011 to December 2012. Magnetic resonance imaging of the left wrist was performed by using a 1.5Tesla machine with surface coil. The sequence used was coronal T1weighted images (WI). The degree of fusion of the left distal radial physis was determined by a newly developed grading system.Results: There is high correlation between chronological age and degree of fusion of distal radius within the participant population. Most adolescent boys in the age group between 13 and 14 years presented as grade I and II, while the complete fusion was found at the age of 17and18 years, the mean age of participants was 17.5 years. Degree of fusion of the distal radius in the sample of the study was almost approaching the obtained values in the Algeria and Malaysia as comparative countries.Conclusion: MRI offers an alternative; non-invasive method of examination of the epiphysial fusion, which eliminates any risk associated with standard radiographic rating. The grading system can accurately identify the variable degrees of epiphysial fusion in an objective teachable manner.
In the doing of science, what is the place for naturalistic philosophy? Implications for the teaching of science
Authors: Turnbull David , Barnard Ross
Published: March 2023

It has been argued that naturalistic philosophy is nothing like science, and that science and naturalistic philosophy are methodologically distinct. This claim has been grounded in the view that science is entirely methodologically experimental; it is to do with testing hypotheses, _a posteriori_. Philosophy is methodologically argumentative, testing the validity of arguments, _a priori_. If _doing_ science is only about doing experiments, it seems to follow, quite logically, that there is no place for naturalistic philosophy in _doing_ science. We do not take the view that doing science and doing experiments are equivalent, but rather, that there is far more to the scientific project than experimentation. We suggest that scholars should consider the views of eminent scientists who we consider might be taken as examples of doing naturalistic philosophy _from within science_. We propose theoretical physicists Richard Feynman and Werner Heisenberg as examples, as well as discuss relevant contributions of physicist Niels Bohr, philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein and political theorist Hannah Arendt. We argue that _both_ the _a priori _and _a posteriori _have a vital role in the doing of science.This more complete view of what constitutes the _doing of science_ has implications for the teaching of science, and calls for an emphasis on the conjectural and creative aspects as well as the purely methodological.
Fıkıh-Tasavvuf İlişkisi Çerçevesinde Kerâmetin İslam Hukuku Açısından Değeri
Authors: KILIÇ Halil , BAĞÇİVAN Muhammet
Published: March 2023

Kerâmetin şer‘î hükümlere etkisi fıkıh ve tasavvuf ilimlerinin temel tartışma konularından biridir. Kerâmeti bilgi kaynağı olarak gören bazı sûfîler, kerâmet olarak vuku bulan olayların hârikulâde olması cihetiyle fıkhın müdahele alanı dışında kaldığı iddiasındadır. Fakîhlere göre ise gerçekleşmiş ve gerçekleşmesi mümkün tüm hâdiseler, fıkhın objektif hükümlerine tabidir. Fıkhî bakışla kerâmetin imkânına dayanılarak bir hakkın ispatı veya bir farzın ya da haramın ihdâsı mümkün değildir. Çünkü gerçekleşmesi insanın elinde olmadığı için kerâmetin imkânının dikkate alınması hukukun objektifliğine ve genelliğine aykırıdır. Hem kerâmet sahibi hem de haricindekiler için kerâmetin hukukî bir bağlayıcılığı bulunmamaktadır. Ancak ibâhâ alanıyla sınırlı olmak, şer‘î bir kuralla çelişmemek ve hükmü çiğnememek kaydıyla yalnızca kerâmet sahibi kerâmetiyle amel edilebilir. Hârikulâde oluşu teklîfe engel olmadığından vuku bulan kerâmetin olağan hâdiselerden farkı yoktur. Bu bakımdan kerâmet sahibi şer‘î hükümlere bağlı hareket etmelidir. Şer‘î hükme uygunluk temel kriter olduğundan, kerâmet hiç kimseye şer‘î hükme aykırı hareket etme hakkı ve yetkisi vermemektedir.
Examination of The Relationship Between Exercise Addiction and Childhood Trauma
Authors: Sarıyer Erva , Ünübol Hüseyin
Published: March 2023

This study was conducted to examine whether there is a relationship between exercise addiction and childhood traumas. Sociodemographic Information Form, Exercise Addiction Inventory, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-28), Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) and Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) prepared by the researcher were applied to the participants in the study. For the study, 3747 male and female volunteers completed the Exercise Addiction Inventory. Among these volunteers, the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test was administered to 1756 people, the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence to 1076 people, and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire to 935 people. In the analysis, it was seen that there was no relationship between exercise addiction and childhood traumas. In addition, when exercise addiction and different sociodemographic characteristics were examined together, the addiction scores of the participants who were male, young, had a lower income level, were single, had a lower education level, and used alcohol and reported harmful alcohol use were found to be significantly higher. Addiction status did not differ significantly according to BMI, smoking and smoking addiction, place of residence, history of psychiatric treatment.
Öz Şefkat ve Bilinçli Farkındalık Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi
Authors: Taşkın Özgenur , Kocadağ Zeynel Abidin
Published: March 2023

Öz şefkat zorluklarla baş ederken bireyin kendisine karşılıksız ilgi, nezaket ve kabul göstermesidir (Neff, 2003). Bilinçli farkındalık kavramı ise yaşantıların sürekli olarak ana odaklandığı bir mekanizmayı ifade eder (Brown ve Ryan, 2003). Bu çalışmanın amacı Bilinçli farkındalık ve öz şefkat kavramlarının demografik verilerden nasıl etkilendiğini tespit etmek ve bilinçli farkındalık ile öz şefkat arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemektir. Bu araştırmada Bilinçli Farkındalık Ölçeği Kısa Formu’nun Türkçe versiyonu ve Öz Şefkat Ölçeği Kısa Formu Türkçe versiyonunun her yaş grubu, her iki cinsiyet, her meslek grubu, daha önce psikolojik destek alıp almama durumu, son zamanlarda umutsuz hissedip hissetmeme durumu üzerindeki psikometrik özelliklerini incelemek amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla çalışmaya örneklem hesabı yapılarak farklı popülasyondan 155 katılımcı katılmıştır. Veriler SPSS 25.0 paket programı uygulanarak analiz sağlanmıştır. Çalışma sonuçları incelenirken tanımlayıcı istatistiksel metotlar, Independent t testi, One Way Anova Testi ve Pearson korelasyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlarda öz şefkat ile bilinçli farkındalıkta bazı alanlarda ortak bir ivme kazanılırken bazı alanlarda ise bir bağdaşıklık olmadığı tespit edilmiştir.
Tualang Honey: A Sweet Remedy
Authors: Gengatharan Ashwini , Gengatharan Ravina Suloshini
Published: March 2023

Honey is a sweet and sticky biological liquid that is produced by bees following the collection from plant nectars. Honey is enjoyed as a popular food product across the globe for its sweetness, flavor and texture. The benefits offered by honey as food and medicine to mankind is immense with its virtues being documented in ancient religious, medical and secular texts. The source and composition of honey greatly influences its biochemical properties while the therapeutic value of honey has been relatively associated with its antioxidant properties. Tualang honey is a Malaysian multi-floral jungle honey produced by the rock bee (Apis dorsata). Although there are various types of honey being marketed globally such as the Manuka honey, less attention was given to the Tualang honey as a commercially available food product. Also, Tualang honey is less extensively studied and characterized unlike the Manuka honey. At present, there is a growing interest in the use of honey as a nutraceutical and therapeutic lead to develop new methods of treatment. Therefore, this paper reviews the functional and therapeutic properties, such as antioxidant, anticancer, antimicrobial, antinociceptive and hepatoprotective activity of the Tualang honey suggesting its use as a potential functional food or functional food ingredient.
VIOLÊNCIA E SUAS IMPLICAÇÕES NO CAMPO DA SAÚDE MENTAL DAS MULHERES
Authors: De Oliveira Andrade Lindalva Jéssyka , Lima Martins Álissan Karine
Published: March 2023

Compreendendo a violência contra a mulher como um problema social, jurídico e de saúde pública, percebe-se suas implicações no campo da saúde mental. Assim sendo, é relevante ampliar as discussões teóricas e as possibilidades práticas da Psicologia e dos serviços de saúde integral para com essas questões, desse modo, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar as produções científicas brasileiras dos últimos cinco anos acerca da Psicologia e seu compromisso com a saúde mental das mulheres, levando em conta os impactos das violências sofridas em um contexto patriarcal. Enfatiza-se que se trata de uma revisão integrativa de literatura, contemplando coleta de dados, levantamento bibliográfico e análise dos resultados, pesquisando estudos presentes nas bases de dados LILACS (Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde) e SCIELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online), dos últimos cinco anos e em língua portuguesa. Dez artigos foram considerados relevantes para a análise, onde sua leitura integral apontou para reflexões sobre os impactos e danos da violência contra mulheres sobre a saúde mental das mesmas, sendo necessário, portanto, lutar pela efetivação de políticas públicas e integralidade nos serviços de atendimento em rede, com conscientização social e ampliação de estratégias de enfrentamento da violência. A Psicologia, nesse cenário, se mostra fundamental, com um trabalho em clínica ampliada, multiprofissional e interdisciplinar, abarcando um compromisso ético-político que considere o campo cultural e sócio-histórico, abrangendo prevenção e promoção de saúde, emancipação, empoderamento e busca pela garantia dos direitos humanos.
ЗАЛЕЖНІСТЬ ЖИВУЧОСТІ СТВОЛІВ СТРІЛЕЦЬКОЇ ЗБРОЇ ВІД ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ ПАТРОНІВ ПІСЛЯГАРАНТІЙНИХ ТЕРМІНІВ ЗБЕРІГАННЯ
Authors: Муленко Олексій , Зюбан Михайло , Бондаренко Сергій
Published: March 2023

У статті розкриваються основні причини, що впливають на живучість ствольних систем. На підставі теоретичних і експериментальних досліджень визначені подальші напрямки експлуатації стрілецької зброї при застосуванні боєприпасів післягарантійних строків зберігання. Розглянуто питання живучості стволів стрілецької зброї при застосуванні для стрільби патронів післягарантійних термінів зберігання. Досвід бойового застосування зброї показує, що зброя, яка має гарну дійсність вогню і високу маневреність, не може отримати визнання, якщо вона не забезпечує необхідної надійності дії по цілям. Надійність зброї забезпечує впевненість військовослужбовця у своїй зброї під час використання її в різних умовах. Причому безвідмовність дії механізмів стрілецької зброї має забезпечуватись у будь-яких умовах її застосування, як за нормальних умов стрільби, так і за несприятливих. Забезпечення надійності та безвідмовності дії автоматичної зброї порівняно з неавтоматичною зброєю є важчим завданням через її більшу складність і більшу кількість механізмів. Зважаючи на масове виготовлення зброї, особливо велике значення в даний час набуває проблема живучості зброї, зокрема живучості стволів як основного елемента, що забезпечує балістичні властивості боєприпасів.
ПРАВОВА ОСВІТА ЯК ДЕТЕРМІНАНТА ФОРМУВАННЯ ПРАВОВОЇ КУЛЬТУРИ
Authors: Кузнецова Юлія , Гусєв Дмитро
Published: March 2023

У статті розглянута правова освіта як умова формування правової культури. Досліджуються нормативні засади правової освіти на законодавчому рівні. Правова освіта розглядається як етап реалізації конституційного обов’язку неухильно додержуватися Конституції України та законів України. Розглядається поняття правової культури особи та суспільства. Зазначається, що законодавство отримує своє регулятивне та аксіологічне значення через сприйняття, усвідомлення та дотримання правових норм особою, особистістю та суспільством в цілому. Визначено основні задачі та роль правового виховання, правової освіти. Правова освіта розглядається як умова формування правової культури. Підкреслюється необхідність застосування позитивістського праворозуміння в аспекті правової освіти. Робиться висновок про об’єктивну необхідність у правовій обізнаності.
ВПЛИВ ГЛОБАЛЬНОЇ ТУРБУЛЕНТНОСТІ НА СВІТОВУ ІНФЛЯЦІЮ
Authors: Литвин Олена , Поліщук Сніжана
Published: March 2023

Глобальна економіка переживає низку турбулентних викликів. Висока інфляція, тяжкі фінансові умови у більшості регіонів, вторгнення Російської Федерації в Україну та пандемія COVID-19 – усе це сильно вплинула на економіки країн світу. Нормалізація монетарної та фіскальної політики, яка забезпечила безпрецедентну підтримку під час пандемії, скоротила попит, оскільки політики прагнули знизити інфляцію до цільового рівня. Але дедалі більша частка економік сповільнилася. Майбутнє здоров’я світової економіки надзвичайно залежить від успішного калібрування грошово-кредитної політики, перебігу війни в Україні та можливості подальших збоїв у пропозиції, пов’язаних із пандемією, наприклад, у Китаї. Ризики для прогнозу залишаються надзвичайно великими та негативними. Шляхи політики в найбільших економіках можуть продовжувати розходитися, що призведе до подальшого підвищення курсу долара США та міжнародної напруженості. Посилення цін на енергоносії та продовольство може спричинити довше збереження інфляції. Глобальне посилення умов фінансування може спровокувати широке боргове становище ринків, що розвиваються. Припинення поставок газу Росією може знизити видобуток в Європі. Нова хвиля COVID-19 або глобальні страхи для здоров’я можуть ще більше загальмувати зростання.
ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ГЛОБАЛІЗАЦІЙНИХ ПРОЦЕСІВ ІНТЕЛЕКТУАЛІЗАЦІЇ ДЛЯ РОЗВИТКУ ЛЮДСЬКОГО КАПІТАЛУ УКРАЇНИ У ПІСЛЯВОЄННИЙ ПЕРІОД
Authors: Трач Андрій
Published: March 2023

Метою даної статті є вивчення поняття «інтелектуалізація» і можливостей використання глобалізаційних процесів інтелектуалізації для розвитку та нагромадження людського капіталу України у теперішній і післявоєнний період її функціонування. Під час проведення наукового дослідження використовувалися методи індуктивного та дедуктивного аналізу, аналіз підходів науковців до розуміння поняття «інтелектуалізація» та синтез проблем, з якими може стукнутися Україна при використання вказаних процесів для формування та розвитку її людського капіталу. Результати дослідження показали, що економіка України розвивається як інформаційна і в країні формується інформаційне суспільство, функціонує потужна ІТ сфера, яка об’єднує низку крупних і малих компаній з розробки різноманітних ІТ проектів, що дає їй можливість використовувати для швидшого післявоєнного відновлення людського капіталу глобалізаційні процеси інтелектуалізації. Однак, в процесі виконання цієї процедури можуть виникнути певні труднощі. Це пов’язано з тим, що, з одного боку, в Україні ще залишилось виробництво з ресурсною орієнтацією, натуральні господарства, інші рудименти індустріального періоду, а з іншого – стрімке зростання швидкості і складності науково-технічного прогресу, за яким не всі, зокрема і Україна зможуть слідувати. У статті також запропоновано заходи, реалізація яких дасть змогу нівелювати проблеми при використанні глобалізаційних процесів інтелектуалізації для післявоєнного розвитку і нагромадження людського капіталу України.
КРИПТОВАЛЮТА ЯК ЯВИЩЕ НОВОЇ ФІНАНСОВОЇ ІНФРАСТРУКТУРИ: ТЕОРЕТИЧНІ ПЕРЕДУМОВИ ВИНИКНЕННЯ
Authors: Харабара Віолетта , Грешко Роман , Третякова Олена
Published: March 2023

У статті розглянуто поняття "криптовалюта", обґрунтовано популярність цього нового виду фінансового інструменту на економічному просторі, виокремлено основні особливості криптовалюти як одного з виду віртуальних грошей та її вплив на економічну систему. Виокремлено такі ключові особливості криптовалюти: обмін на товари або послуги; обмін на класичну валюту; оплата товарів та послуг; мінімальний рівень неможливості викрадення; платежі, швидкі і прямі транзакції; інвестиційний актив; розвиток бізнесу на криптовалюти. В статті досліджені основні напрями формування ринку криптовалют як складової фінансового ринку. Визначені сутність, значення криптовалюти, охарактеризовані передумови виникнення криптовалют, а також дана характеристика ринку криптовалют як складової фінансового ринку. Досліджено етапи становлення та теоретичні передумови виникнення криптовалюти. Встановлено, що основним напрямом функціонування та використання такого специфічного фінансового активу виступає захист грошових коштів від знецінення, яке відбувається під час політичних та економічних коливань. Стаття відображає основні процеси які відбувалися в ІТ сфері, що вплинуло на подальший розвиток грошової системи в усьому світі. Не існує уніфікованої системи у країнах ЕС по відображенню операцій з криптовалютою. Технології які застосовуються для створення будь-якої криптовалюти були дослідженні науковцями передових країн ще у минулому столітті. У теперішній час сучасна технології блокчейн це удосконалення напрацювань минулого. Кожна країна має свої особливості та підходи до визнання чи не визнання криптовалюти. Проблема використання сучасних грошей полягає у визначенні емітента. Визначено та систематизовано можливості та переваги використання криптовалюти в різних країнах. За результатами проведеного дослідження запропоновано уточнене визначення поняття «криптовалюта», з метою раціональної побудови системи обліку визначено класифікаційні ознаки криптовалют і виокремлені їх особливості. Зазначено, що криптовалюта має як позитивні риси, так і недоліки, головним з яких є підвищення ризику виникнення шахрайства та махінацій з використанням цифрової валюти.
МОДЕЛІ ЖИТТЄВОГО ЦИКЛУ РОЗРОБКИ ПРОГРАМНОГО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ
Authors: Сеспедес Гарсія Наталія , Сеспедес Гарсія Патрик
Published: March 2023

У статті проаналізовано основні моделі життєвого циклу програмного забезпечення (ПЗ), які використовуються при розробці сучасних програмних продуктів та лежать в основі методологій розробки ПЗ. Окремо відзначено принципи розробки програмного забезпечення. В залежності від вимог до ПЗ, реалізації заявлених функцій, моделей даних та інших вимог обирається необхідна модель та методологія розробки програмного продукту. Зазначено, що великий відсоток IT проектів не досягають своїх цілей. Тому проблема підбору моделі життєвого циклу вимагають виявлення та встановлення більш правильної, ефективної, незбиткової методології проектування та розробки програмного продукту. До етапів життєвого циклу ПЗ відносять: аналіз вимог, проектування, програмування, тестування та налагодження, експлуатацію, супровід та підтримку.
РЕІНКАРНАЦІЯ МОЗАЇКИ
Authors: Тарасенко Андрій , Гайдамака Марина
Published: March 2023

Мозаїчне мистецтво є щедрим джерелом дослідження багатьох наукових трудів. Метод дослідження мозаїчного мистецтва ґрунтується на докладному вивченні історії виникнення мозаїки. Незважаючи на свій тисячолітній вік, мистецтво мозаїки тільки набирає свої оберти. Винахід оптичних приладів, фотографії та відео фільмів безсумнівно ведуть до появи нових напрямків та стилів. Наш світ складається з матерії, що є вихідною складовою всього, що ми бачимо. Ми можемо спостерігати нерозривний зв'язок між створенням мозаїки, що викладається з модуля, за допомогою дрібних кубиків і молекулярним складом всього живого і неживого у світі. На сьогоднішній день можна з упевненістю сказати, що всі речовини складаються з атомів та являються у своєму роді мозаїкою світу. Безперервні кількісні зміни мозаїки говорять про те, що вона є генетичним кодом ідентифікації всього земного світу.
EFFECT OF A DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION OF SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE MUGL 39885 ON FATTENING PERFORMANCE IN GROWING COMMERCIAL RABBITS AND A META-ANALYSIS
Authors: Platonova Nataliia
Published: March 2023

A study was conducted to determine the effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae supplementation in the diet of growing rabbits on their mortality, fattening performance and feed conversion rates.
In a pooled analysis, supplementation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to the diet of growing rabbits caused a significant increase in final weight by 132.24 g (non-standardized average difference). According to the obtained data, there is a systematic error associated with publication bias (Egger's test, p =<0.001) and high heterogeneity between studies (I2 = 92.9 %, p<0.001). The results of the Q-test (χ2=282.733) and its p-level (<0.001) indicate the occurrence of statistically significant heterogeneity and the null hypothesis which states that all studies share a common effect size was rejected. The effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae administration was not characterized by statistically significant variation in the genetic subgroups of rabbits (test for subgroup differences: p=0.759). In parallel there was a statistically significant variation in subgroups of SC dose (test for subgroup differences: p=0.04). When a higher concentration of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was used, the average final weight in the experimental group was 209.23 g higher than the final weight in the control group. When a lower concentration of SC was used, the average final weight in experiment was more than the control by 93.38 g.
In own researches Saccharomyces cerevisiae (MUGL 39885, 0.01% - 15 billion cell per gram) was added to the feed for the experimental group before granulation. After 37 days of fattening, the control group reached an average weight of 2230 g, whereas the weight for the experimental group was 2608 g, probably due to the better FCR in the experimental group. Both mentioned differences were significant. Whereas the daily feed intake did not differ in the studied groups. Comparison of the rabbit survival in each group showed no significant difference for the one-sided t-criterion (p=0.097).
Therefore, the usage of feed with Saccharomyces cerevisiae additive affects the results conceding rabbits fattening. Experimental group obtained the statistically significant best average final weight, daily gain and feed conversion ratio in the same raising conditions. It confirms the results obtained from the meta-analysis. At the same time, there is no statistically proven change in feed intake between groups, and that is a promising and important economic and ecological result.
Challenges of Crowdfunding (Village Banking) in Zambia: Solutions and Opportunities
Authors: Kalunga Prudence , Neene Victor , Jere Bob , Phiri Mwiza , Chembe Christopher
Published: March 2023

Crowdfunding is a new phenomenon that has piqued the curiosity of academics and practitioners alike, owing to its potential as a source of alternative finance. It is considered a mechanism with significant potential for expanding access to finance for entrepreneurs in developing economies. One such platform in Zambia is known as “Village Banking”. Village banking has been discovered to be the most profitable platform in Zambia, outperforming even traditional risk-free platforms such as micro-financing. Village banking has enabled business growth, idea realization, and has generally improved the lives of many participants. The risks associated with the village banking system, on the other hand, have been increasing. As the popularity of crowdfunding has increased, so have the challenges and opportunities. In this paper we employ a systematic literature review that defines crowdfunding, its properties, discusses the challenges, opportunities of Crowdfunding specifically the Village Banking platform. In addition, we conducted a survey to determine the main challenges faced by Village Banking participants in Zambia. The results of the survey identified the following primary challenges; online infrastructure, trust, monitoring of payments, tracking of collections, and approval of payments. Based on literature reviewed and survey conducted, we proposed the use of blockchain technology to address some of the challenges identified.
A Supervised Machine Learning Ransomware Host-Based Detection Framework
Authors: Mkandawire Yotam , Zimba Aaron
Published: March 2023

Today, the term ransomware is frequently used in cybercrime headlines, its consequences have been on the rise leaving a trail of terrible losses in its wake. Both people and businesses have been victimized by ransomware, costing the victims millions of dollars in ransom payments. In addition, victims who were unable to pay the ransom or decrypt the data experienced data losses. This study uses dynamic malware analysis artifacts and supervised machine learning to detect ransomware at the host level. It takes on a thorough examination of the operational specifics of ransomware and suggests a supervised machine-learning approach to detection using various ransomware features derived from dynamic malware analysis. According to the findings, a Logistic Regression algorithm model with a 97.7% accuracy score offers a 99% success rate in ransomware detection. This demonstrates how well machine learning and dynamic malware analysis work together to detect ransomware activity at the host level. Systems security administrators can mitigate security risks by using this method.
Application of GOCE Satellite Gravimetric Data For Mineral Exploration
Authors: Chipanta Nicholas , Lubilo Foster , Nyimbili Penjani , Mwanza Alick , M’sendo Robert , Erden Turan
Published: March 2023

Gravity is directly proportional to density thereby making possible the use of measurable gravity in mapping the density variations in the earth’s interior. The use of density as a means of mineral exploration is cost-effective for wider area coverage. GOCE gravity data, collected by ESA’s GOCE satellite at 255km altitude and 10km intervals leading to the acquisition of multiple gravity points over the globe made possible the application of gravimetry in mineral exploration. Gravity disturbance data sourced from BGI- was corrected with WGM2012 corrections computed using EGM2008 geoid and ETOPO1 models, with reference gravity computed using the Somigliana formula. The gravity disturbances were mapped over Zambia using Surfer and Q-GIS, with over 600 control points of known mineral occurrences plotted together with other surface features like roads, rivers, railways, etc. By relating the control points to the varying gravity disturbances using the triple integral principle, a cautious analysis led to the geological classification of the gravity disturbances which essentially involved mapping predominant mineral occurrences across different parts of Zambia. During ground truthing, it was observed that the results within a particular area of interest on the classified map, and those obtained using four (4) different metal detectors as well as another remote sensing method tallied. The metal detectors used were the GR-100MINI, AKS, AKS plus 3D, and Garrett Ace 400, each with its own characteristics. From the map outputs, the results showed that GOCE data can be used for geological classification and delineation of terrain types. The delineation of terrain types on the classified map output matched that on existing geological maps and also offered the delineation of sub-terrain types.
Outcome of Aspiration Alone and Aspiration with Instillation of Steroid in Ganglion Cyst of Wrist- A Comparative Study
Authors: Sazal Hafizur Rashid , Haque Nazmul , Rahman Nashid , Rezwan ASM , Afroz Chamina
Published: March 2023

Background: Ganglion cysts are common soft tissue swellings of hand and wrist. Main concerns patients have are the cosmetic appearance and the fear of future malignancy. Various modalities of treatment are available but known to have high rate of recurrence. Here we study mainly the recurrence rate after aspiration alone and aspiration with instillation of steroid, to compare these minimally invasive procedures that can help to treat and give symptomatic relief from this commonly occurring problem.
Methodology: A Prospective, Comparative study was carried out with purposive sampling to include all patient of Ganglion cyst of wrist. After detail counseling, Patient desired among Aspiration only and Aspiration with instillation of Steroid randomly. All cases were followed up on 3rd, 6th and 12th month. Recurrence data were collected and all data were arranged and analyzed.
Result: Total 113 patients were included in our study, Male female ratio was 1:1.3, Mean age was 31.3 years. 74(65.5%) patient had ganglion on  right wrist and 39 (34.5%) patient had it on left wrist. Dorsal ganglion was 89 (78.8%) and Volar ganglion was 24 (21.2%). In this study 58 (51.3%) patient underwent Aspiration alone, among them total 22 (37.9%) had recurrence. 12 (20.7%) had recurrence of the ganglion within 3 months, followed by 6(10.3%) within 6 month and 4 (6.9%) within 12 month. Aspiration with instillation of steroid was done in 55 (48.7%) patients. Recurrence within 1 year was found in total 16 (29.1%) cases. 4 (7.3%) had recurrence within 3 month and 6 (10.9%) cases each had recurred within 6 and 12 month respectively. Dorsal and Volar ganglion had similar recurrence rate i.e 33% irrespective of type of procedure.
Conclusion: We may conclude that Aspiration with instillation of steroid had better outcome than Aspiration alone but both have significant recurrence rate.
J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2023; 41: 108-113
Value of Alarm Features in Dyspepsia for Predicting Significant Organic Lesions in Endoscopy
Authors: Perveen Irin , Saha Madhusudan , Salam Md Badius
Published: March 2023

Background: For a long older age and the presence of alarm features are regarded as indications for prompt endoscopy in patients with dyspepsia. We aimed to find out the value of alarm features in diagnosing serious organic upper gastrointestinal lesions in patients with dyspepsia.
Material & methods: In this observational study clinical variables and endoscopic findings of consecutive patients with dyspepsia were recorded in a semi-structured questionnaire. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was done stepwise to identify predictors for endoscopic findings. A simplified predictor model was built with the age and the presence of any predictor alarm feature to find out the diagnostic accuracy of this model for the significant endoscopic lesion.
Results: Among 304 patients (M=134, F=170) one or more alarm features were present in 193 cases (63.5%). Significant organic lesions were found in 84(27.6%) cases. Age ≥ 45 years (OR 2.608), abdominal lump (OR 4.489) and family history of upper gastrointestinal cancer (OR 3.880) were found as independent predictors of major endoscopic findings. Using a simplified predictor model of age ≥ 45 years or the presence of any predictive alarm feature, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 32.4 %, 82.5 %, 79.8% and 36.4% respectively for a significant endoscopic lesion. For upper gastrointestinal cancers, these values were 6%, 100.0%, 100.0% and 47.3% respectively.
Conclusion: The predictive value of the age and the presence of alarm features alone are not optimal for significant endoscopic findings in patients with dyspepsia. A newer and more accurate predictive model is a time demand for organic UGI lesions, especially for malignancies.
J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2023; 41: 132-140
VATS (Video Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery) Pleural Biopsy in the Diagnosis of Unexplained Pleural Effusion
Authors: Rasha Sheikh Md Zakirullah , Kibria Anwarul Anam , Islam Kazi Saiful , Mia Mofizur Rahman , Biswas Manabendra , Hossain Md Mosharraf , Rahim Abdur , Hannan Dashab , Haque Anamul
Published: March 2023

Introduction:An unexplained pleural effusion is a difficult diagnostic dilemma that needs further histological study for a definitive etiological diagnosis. Video assisted thoracoscopic (VATS) pleural biopsy is a minimally invasive procedure that could resolve this problem. The study is conducted to determine the efficacy of VATS pleural biopsy in the diagnosis of unexplained pleural effusion.
Methods: This  cross-sectional  study  was  to  investigate our experience  of VATS pleural biopsy for unexplained pleural effusion which  was  conducted  at  our center.   All   patients   who   underwent   VATS pleural biopsy for unexplained pleural effusion   during   the   period of January 2019 to December 2019 were included in the study. Epidemiological, clinical, radiological & histopathological data of the patients were collected and analyzed
Results: The overall diagnostic yield of VATS pleural biopsy in our study was 95%. Malignancy was the most common histological diagnosis for unexplained pleural effusion followed by tuberculosis. In patients with malignant effusion, metastatic adenocarcinoma was commonly observed finding followed by metastatic squamous cell carcinoma. Minor complications related to the procedure were noticed with no mortality.
Conclusion: VATS pleural biopsy has high definitive diagnostic accuracy in the evaluation of unexplained pleural effusions.
J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2023; 41: 141-149
Comparison between Effects of Fentanyl and Fenofol as Sedative in Elective Caesarean Section under Subarachnoid Anaesthesia
Authors: Md Enayet Karim  , Mohammad Saleh Akram  , RAM Mustafijur Rashid  , Reza Ershad  , Md Muzibur Rahman
Published: March 2023

Background: Regional anaesthesia has become an important anaesthetic technique now a days. Pharmacologically induced tranquility improves acceptance of regional technique. Objective: To compare Fentanyl and Fenofol (Fentanyl+Propofol) in terms of onset and recovery of sedation, haemodynamic effects, respiratory effects and adverse effects of both the drugs during elective Caesarian section under spinal(subarachnoid) anaesthesia. Materials and Methods: This randomized clinical trial included 60 ASA (American Society of Anaesthesiologists) grade I or II patients between age 20-40 years undergoing elective Caesarean sections under Subarachnoid anaesthesia during the period January 2022 to June 2022. Patients were randomly allocated to one of two groups: Fentanyl group (Group F, n=30), who received Fentanyl in a single dose of 0.5mcg/kg and Fenofol group (Group FP, n=30), who received Fenofol in a single dose of Fentanyl-0.5mcg/kg+Propofol-0.5mg/kg. Spinal anaesthesia was conducted by injecting a hyperbaric solution of 0.5% bupivacaine 3ml through a 25G spinal needle at L3-4 level. All parameters were documented at 5 min intervals until arousal of the patient. The onset of sedation i.e. time from iv (intravenous) injection of Fentanyl or Fenofol to closure of eye lids (OAA/S score of 3) and the arousal time from sedation i.e. time from closing of the eye lids to OAA/S score of 5 ( patient is awake clinically) were noted. Any complication during operation was documented. The patient’s satisfaction with the sedation was assessed by the 5 point ‘Likert verbal rating scale.’ Results: There was no significant difference of mean blood pressure and mean heart rate between the two groups in different time intervals (P>0.05). Time of onset of sedation and the arousal time i.e. duration of sedation was comparable between the two groups (P>0.05). Significant percentage of patients required O2 supplementation in Fenofol group due to hypoventilation (66.66% vs 10%, P<0.001). Pain in arm during drug administration was significantly more with Fenofol (46.66% vs 6.66%, P<0.001). Conclusion: As a significantly higher percentage of patients required O2 supplementation during sedation with Fenofol and pain in arm during drug administration was significantly more in Fenofol group, it is recommended that Fentanyl is a better choice than Fenofol for sedation in single dose technique during subarachnoid block for Caesarean section.
KYAMC Journal Vol. 13, No. 04, January 2023: 234-239
Sleep Quality among Undergraduate Public Medical and University Students: A Comparative Study
Authors: Md Golam Abbas  , Somaya Mostarin  , Sumaya Hossin Rimmi  , Riazin Sultana  , Showlin Hossain  , Mohammad Nurunnabi
Published: March 2023

Background: Sleeping is the body's natural means of recharging, which aids in repair, healing, and learning from all interactions and activities during the day. To maintain their focus, concentration, and academic performance, students need to get enough sleep at night. Objective: To determine and compare the sleep quality of 278 undergraduate medical and university students. Materials and Methods: This online-based cross-sectional study was conducted by using a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scale. Results: The mean age of medical students were 22.6±1.5 years and university students were 22.0±1.2 years. The mean study hours in a day, spending time on digital media and BMI were almost similar in both settings students. The mean PSQI scores were 7.2±3.3 in medical students and 6.4±3.3 in university students respectively. Majorities of the students (71.2% and 58.3%) had poor sleep quality, but subjective sleep quality was good in both settings of students (60.4% and 51.8%). Educational backgrounds were significantly associated with level of sleep quality, level of subjective sleep quality and mean of PSQI scores (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that sleep quality is poor among public medical college students compared to university students.

KYAMC Journal Vol. 13, No. 04, January 2023: 223-228
Acute Kidney Injury Is A Predictor Of Mortality In Patients Hospitalized With Covid-19
Authors: Rasul Md Maqsudur , Emran Hossain  , Miskat Joha  , Dewan Mohaimenul Haque
Published: March 2023

Background: Common biomarkers used to determine the disease severity and prognosis of corona virus disease -19 (Covid-19) are well determined. Among these biomarkers only few can reliably predict disease outcome but they are not easily available and costly. So organ-specific functional status especially acute kidney injury (AKI) can be use as predictor of prognosis. Objective: To determine the kidney disease indicator as a marker in predicting the severe disease in COVID-19 patients. Material & Methods: We studied the health records for all purposively selected hospitalized Covid-19 patients for three months from 1st May to 31st July, 2020, at combined military hospital Dhaka, Bangladesh. Those who were more than 18 years old and hospitalized RT-PCR positive for COVID-19 patients were enrolled. Those having history of renal replacement therapy (RRT) and unwilling to participate were excluded from the study. Kidney disease significance between survivors and deceased were examined using Cox proportional hazard regression analysis. In-hospital death was ascertained by using the Kaplan-Meier method.Results: Total 470 patients were enrolled in this study. Mean age of study population was 54.7 (± 14.3) years and male to female ratio was about 2:1. Hypertension (51.91%) and diabetes mellitus (43.19%) were the most common co morbidity. During hospital stay 106 (22.55%) patients developed AKI. Total 23 (4.89%) patients were died of the total study population. Among them 19 (82.60%) had AKI. Mortality rate was significantly (P value<.001) higher among patients who developed AKI than those who did not (82.60 % vs 17.40%).Conclusion: Monitoring functional status of kidney should be given due importance to all Covid-19 patients even with mild disease. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of kidney injury and avoidance of nephrotoxic medications may help to reduce mortality and improve prognosis of COVID-19.

KYAMC Journal Vol. 13, No. 04, January 2023: 192-197
Spirulina platensis Attenuates Cold Allodynia and Chemical Allodynia in Streptozotocin induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Munmun Ghosh  , Satabdi Ghosh  , Taskina Ali  , Nahida Sultana Nipa  , Shuvajit Roy  , Fadia Tasnim  , Md Bulbul Hossain  , Md Mahbubur Rahman
Published: March 2023

Background: Diabetic neuropathic pain exerts strong as well as negative influence on both survival and quality of life of the patient. This pain is difficult to treat with conventional analgesics. Now a days, different medicinal herbs are highlighted due to their wide range of beneficial application with less side effects. In this regards Spirulina platensis is well known for its wide range of biological activities. Objective: To assess the effects of oral administration of Spirulina platensis on cold allodynia and chemical allodynia in diabetic neuropathic pain in Long Evans rats.Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Shahbag, Dhaka from March 2017 to February 2019. Twenty four (24) Long Evans rats, having 150 to 200 grams body weight (on the basis of treatments), the rats were divided into Group I (normal saline 5 ml/kg body weight) and Group II (Spirulina platensis 400 mg/kg body weight). All the supplementations were given once daily for consecutive 21 days orally and last doses were given one hour before the pain evaluation tests. Further on the basis of experiments, previously grouped rats were divided into subgroup ‘a’(cold tail immersion test), and ‘b’ (formalin test). Data were expressed as mean±SEM and were statistically analyzed by SPSS (Version 16) using independent sample ‘t’ test to compare mean value between two groups. (p 0.05 was considered as the level of significance).Results: Spirulina platensis showed significantly higher tail flick latency (p 0.001) in cold tail immersion test. S. platensis demonstrated significantly lowered jerking frequency (p 0.001,p 0.01,p 0.001, respectively); the duration of licking (p 0.001,p 0.05,p 0.001, respectively) and the duration of flexing (p 0.001, non-significant 0.01, respectively) in early, inter and late phases of formalin test in compared to those of control. Conclusion: S. platensis attenuates cold allodynia and chemical allodynia diabetic neuropathic pain in rat model.
KYAMC Journal Vol. 13, No. 04, January 2023: 208-213
Patrimonio, personas, territorio. El papel de los recursos digitales en áreas rurales
Authors: Del Espino Hidalgo Blanca
Published: March 2023

La presencia, la identificación y el conocimiento de bienes del patrimonio cultural debe ser un factor determinante para la mejora de las condiciones de vida en un determinado lugar, lo que resulta especialmente necesario para contextos vulnerables desde el punto de vista sociodemográfico, es decir, zonas rurales, periféricas o remotas. Bajo esta premisa, los proyectos de investigación SIN_PAR y SIT_PAR, desarrollados por el IAPH, se han orientado específicamente a reconocer el papel que el patrimonio cultural puede desempeñar en la revitalización cultural y económica de los territorios rurales andaluces. En concreto, las principales acciones llevadas a cabo han sido el desarrollo de talleres de innovación para el patrimonio cultural con agentes que trabajan en los territorios elegidos como casos de estudio, la apertura de un banco digital de iniciativas sostenibles sobre el uso del patrimonio cultural en zonas vulnerables, remotas, periféricas o rurales, y la creación de un mapa interactivo y colaborativo del patrimonio rural de Andalucía. Las lecciones aprendidas de su puesta en marchan muestran no sólo cómo enfocar estas soluciones desde el punto de vista tecnológico para obtener los mejores beneficios de la información obtenida sino, más aún, la necesidad de establecer un necesario contacto directo con la sociedad local, que permitirá incrementar el impacto real y la difusión de las herramientas generadas.
Knowledge Level of Junior High School Teachers in North Morowali Regency Central Sulawesi on Early Treatment of Injury
Authors: Cahyo Wibowo  , Dennys Christovel  , Manantuada Rinaldy , Yahya Eko Nopiyanto
Published: March 2023

When doing sports can not be separated from the name injury. Most sports injuries occur in schools. Therefore, sports teachers play an essential role in handling injuries in schools. The purpose of this study was to find out how high the level of knowledge about early injury management using the PRICES (Protection, Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation, Support) method of PJOK teachers at junior high schools in North Morowali Regency, Central Sulawesi. This type of research is descriptive and quantitative. This research uses the survey method, and in the process of collecting data using a questionnaire technique. The population in this study were PJOK junior high school teachers in North Morowali Regency, Central Sulawesi, amounting to 56 people. Sampling in this study using total sampling. The collected data is then analyzed using descriptive techniques with percentages. The results of this study show the level of knowledge of PJOK teachers of junior high school teachers in North Morowali Regency is in the high category. However, in implementation, it is seen that the factors of applying, analyzing, and evaluating the percentage are still lacking.
Development of Models of Learning Basic Motoric Skills in Sports for Deaf Children
Authors: Nata Anggri Dwi , Hilda Oktri Yeni  , Wiwik Yunitaningrum  , Edi Kurniawan  , Karunia Yulinda Khairiyah  , Fitria Meilina  , Hermawan
Published: March 2023

The problem in this study is that there is no varied learning model in sports learning, especially to improve the motor skills of deaf students. This study aims to create a basic movement learning model for sports motor skills in deaf students. This study uses the ADDIE method, in ADDIE research 5 stages namely analysis, design, model development, implementation, and evaluation. The analysis technique used is descriptive analysis. The results of the study are: a) The development of a basic motion learning model for sports motor skills in deaf students is feasible and can be used. b) The product of basic motion learning models for sports motor skills for deaf students has been tested and proven to improve the motor skills of deaf children. The development of basic movement learning models for sports skills for deaf students has a 100% ease of implementation, 86.3% clarity of implementation, 100% interest, 81.8% safety in implementation and 86.3% of equipment used.