bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Efficacy of Ginger and Fennel in Alleviating Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Pilot Study
Authors: Negi Rizu , K Sharma Suresh , Bahadur Anupama
Published: October 2024

Primary dysmenorrhea is a prevalent condition affecting many young women, characterized by debilitating menstrual pain that can significantly impair daily activities. Despite the widespread use of natural remedies, systematic comparisons of their efficacy remain limited. This pilot study aims to investigate the effects of ginger and fennel on pain severity, intensity, and duration in a sample of 60 women. Results suggest that both ginger and fennel can alleviate symptoms, with ginger showing greater efficacy. This study highlights the potential of natural remedies in managing primary dysmenorrhea and lays the groundwork for future research.
An Examination of the Existing Literature Concerning Fraudulent Online Reviews: Obstacles and Potential Remedies
Authors: Kumar Singh Rohit , Pratap Singh Shivendra , Gupta Abhinav , Bhatnagar Prabal
Published: October 2024

In the contemporary digital era, online consumer evaluations exert significant sway over purchase choices, shaping consumer viewpoints and affecting business profitability. Nonetheless, the rise of counterfeit reviews has emerged as a notable apprehension, prompting scholars to investigate various methodologies for identification. This extensive review paper acts as a reservoir of information, consolidating an extensive array of literature dedicated to detecting fake reviews. It meticulously scrutinizes diverse datasets, illuminating the numerous hurdles posed by these misleading entries. Despite progress made in curtailing the impact of counterfeit reviews, this review exposes persisting gaps in our comprehension. Consequently, it calls for steadfast exploration and ingenuity in the realm of fake review detection. As the digital landscape continues to evolve, so too must our approaches to safeguard the authenticity of online consumer input.
FACTS: Present and Future
Authors: Nireekshana Namburi , Unissa Saba , Jaleja B. Reetha , Mukta Tejaswi Cherala , Mangathayaru Mahitha Patta , Vaishnavi P.
Published: October 2024

Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) are pivotal in modernizing power systems, enhancing their stability, controllability, and efficiency. Currently, FACTS devices such as Static VAR Compensators (SVCs), Static Synchronous Compensators (STATCOMs), and Unified Power Flow Controllers (UPFCs) are employed to manage power flow, mitigate system instabilities, and improve voltage regulation across transmission networks. These technologies address present challenges, including the integration of renewable energy sources, reduction of transmission losses, and enhancement of system reliability in the face of fluctuating power demands. However, the growing complexity of power grids, driven by the increasing penetration of intermittent renewable energy, electric vehicles, and distributed generation, necessitates advanced and scalable solutions. The future of FACTS lies in the development of more sophisticated, adaptive, and intelligent devices that leverage real-time data analytics, artificial intelligence, and machine learning to optimize power flow dynamically. Future advancements are expected to focus on enhancing the interoperability of FACTS with smart grid technologies, improving the resilience of power systems against cyber-physical threats, and facilitating the transition towards more decentralized and sustainable energy systems. Moreover, the integration of energy storage with FACTS devices could revolutionize their functionality, offering not only reactive power compensation but also energy balancing capabilities. This paper explores the current applications of FACTS and envisions their future role in addressing the evolving challenges of global power systems, emphasizing the importance of innovation and strategic investment in the ongoing transformation of electrical networks.
Customer Satisfaction towards OTT Platform
Authors: Kumar G. Arun , . Panduranga
Published: October 2024

Over the top platform has grown drastically over a period of time. The platform delivers online video and audio contents. In this regard it becomes important to study the customer satisfaction towards OTT platforms. The study has been conducted by taking in to consideration six dimensions namely content quality, user interface, personalization and recommendation, price and value, customer service and support, accessibility and convenience. Each dimension is having few parameters. The study is purely primary in nature, the data has been collected through structured questionnaire from 200 respondents using convenience sampling technique and has been analysed using SPSS software. Anova test has been used for data analysis. The research is confined to only Ballari city. The results obtained from the analysis shows that all the dimensions are having positive association towards customer satisfaction.
IPA: Class 0 Protostars Viewed in CO Emission Using JWST
Authors: Rubinstein Adam E. , Evans Neal J. , Tyagi Himanshu , Narang Mayank , Nazari Pooneh , Gutermuth Robert , Federman Samuel , Manoj P. , Green Joel D. , Watson Dan M. , Megeath S. Thomas , Rocha Will R. M. , Brunken Nashanty G. C. , Slavicinska Katerina , van Dishoeck Ewine F. , Beuther Henrik , Bourke Tyler L. , Caratti o Garatti Alessio , Hartmann Lee , Klaassen Pamela , Linz Hendrik , Looney Leslie W. , Muzerolle James , Stanke Thomas , Tobin John J. , Wolk Scott J. , Yang Yao-Lun
Published: October 2024

We investigate the bright CO fundamental emission in the central regions of five protostars in their primary mass assembly phase using new observations from JWST’s Near-Infrared Spectrograph and Mid-Infrared Instrument. CO line emission images and fluxes are extracted for a forest of ∼150 rovibrational transitions from two vibrational bands, v = 1−0 and v = 2−1. However, 13CO is undetected, indicating that 12CO emission is optically thin. We use H2 emission lines to correct fluxes for extinction and then construct rotation diagrams for the CO lines with the highest spectral resolution and sensitivity to estimate rotational temperatures and numbers of CO molecules. Two distinct rotational temperature components are required for v = 1 (∼600 to 1000 K and 2000 to ∼104 K), while one hotter component is required for v = 2 (≳3500 K). 13CO is depleted compared to the abundances found in the interstellar medium, indicating selective UV photodissociation of 13CO; therefore, UV radiative pumping may explain the higher rotational temperatures in v = 2. The average vibrational temperature is ∼1000 K for our sources and is similar to the lowest rotational temperature components. Using the measured rotational and vibrational temperatures to infer a total number of CO molecules, we find that the total gas masses range from lower limits of ∼1022 g for the lowest mass protostars to ∼1026 g for the highest mass protostars. Our gas mass lower limits are compatible with those in more evolved systems, which suggest the lowest rotational temperature component comes from the inner disk, scattered into our line of sight, but we also cannot exclude the contribution to the CO emission from disk winds for higher mass targets.
Investigating the Role of Inward Alfvén Waves and Structures in the Slow Solar Wind
Authors: Terres Michael , Li Gang
Published: October 2024

The solar wind dynamics are thought to be governed by counter-propagating Alfvén waves. Alfvén waves generate a turbulent cascade through nonlinear couplings between shearing wave packets. However, imbalances, structures, and intermittency complicate the solar wind’s magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence. Simulations and theories have suggested that dynamic alignment, or the tendency for velocity and magnetic fluctuations to become more correlated as a function of scale, may dictate the turbulent cascade. Observations have hinted at dynamic alignment at large scales but remain inconclusive at small scales. To investigate the nature of dynamically aligning fluctuations in the solar wind, we examine slow wind intervals from the Helios 2 spacecraft. We develop a two-component model of solar wind turbulence consisting of Alfvénic and non-Alfvénic contributions. We assume that only counter-propagating Alfvén waves experience dynamic alignment, and the non-Alfvénic structures do not participate in the alignment process. Our model allows us to constrain the relative contribution of inward Alfvén waves and non-Alfvénic structures with respect to the amplitude of outward Alfvén waves in the slow solar wind as a function of scale under the assumption of dynamic alignment. We show that the power ratio of inward to outward Alfvén fluctuations decreases as a function of scale. At the same time, the non-Alfvénic structures to outward Alfvén fluctuations increase with decreasing scale. Increasing structures provide a possible explanation for no dynamic alignment at small scales. Our study implies the need for new theoretical models to fully account for the solar wind’s compressibility, intermittency, and imbalanced nature.
Exploring the Relation Between Health Literacy, Infodemic, and Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccination in Iran: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ebrahimi Fatemeh , Torkian Samaneh , Rashti Roya , Emami Mahasti , Shahnazi Hossein , Maracy Mohammad Reza
Published: October 2024

Background

Health literacy (HL) plays a crucial role in navigating the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, especially with the abundance of conflicting information from unauthorized sources.

Objective

This study aims to measure COVID-19 vaccine acceptability, COVID-19 HL, and COVID-19 infodemic and their predictors in Iranians.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted on the general population in Iran between August 20, 2021 to October 29, 2021. Data were collected using a valid questionnaire with four parts. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models, generalized linear models, and ordinal regression with the Polytomous Universal Model were performed using SPSS version 26.

Key Results

The study revealed that 68.6% of the participants were willing to accept the COVID-19 vaccine, 45% had sufficient knowledge about COVID-19, and 52.2% were confused by false information during the pandemic. The results showed that having sufficient COVID-19 HL was significantly associated with higher acceptance of the vaccine (adjusted odds ratio = 1.52, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02, 2.12). Additionally, higher COVID-19 HL scores were associated with a higher adjusted odds of confusion by false information with an odds ratio of 1.12 (95% CI: 1 .11, 1 .13).

Conclusion

This study exhibits low levels of COVID-19 HL in Iran, and the fact that higher COVID-19 HL is associated with higher vaccine acceptance. Because vaccination is an essential preventive measure to stop the COVID-19 pandemic, factors associated with low vaccine acceptance need to be addressed by public health strategies. [

HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice
. 2024;8(4):e184–e193.

]
Sharp inequalities for $ q $-starlike functions associated with differential subordination and $ q $-calculus
Authors: Gong Jianhua , Khan Muhammad Ghaffar , Alaqad Hala , Khan Bilal
Published: October 2024

This paper employs differential subordination and quantum calculus to investigate a new class of $ q $-starlike functions associated with an eight-like image domain. Our study laid a foundational understanding of the behavior of these $ q $-starlike functions. We derived the results in first-order differential subordination. We established sharp inequalities for the initial Taylor coefficients and provided optimal estimates for solving the Fekete-Szegö problem and a second-order Hankel determinant applicable to all $ q $-starlike functions in this class. Furthermore, we presented a series of corollaries that demonstrate the broader implications of our findings in geometric function theory.
Prescribed-time adaptive stabilization of high-order stochastic nonlinear systems with unmodeled dynamics and time-varying powers
Authors: Kong Yihang , Zhang Xinghui , Huang Yaxin , Zhang Ancai , Qiu Jianlong
Published: October 2024

In this paper, the control problem of prescribed-time adaptive neural stabilization for a class of non-strict feedback stochastic high-order nonlinear systems with dynamic uncertainty and unknown time-varying powers is discussed. The parameter separation technique, dynamic surface control technique, and dynamic signals were used to eradicate the influences of unknown time-varying powers together with state and input unmodeled dynamics, and to mitigate the computational intricacy of the backstepping. In a non-strict feedback framework, the radial basis function neural networks (RBFNNs) and Young's inequality were deployed to reconstruct the continuous unknown nonlinear functions. Finally, by establishing a new criterion of stochastic prescribed-time stability and introducing a proper bounded control gain function, an adaptive neural prescribed-time state-feedback controller was designed, ensuring that all signals of the closed-loop system were semi-global practical prescribed-time stable in probability. A numerical example and a practical example successfully validated the productivity and superiority of the control scheme.
Estimation of monotone bivariate quantile inactivity time with medical applications
Authors: Kayid Mohamed
Published: October 2024

In most lifetime models, the bivariate $ \alpha $-quantile inactivity time is a vector of increasing functions. A novel estimator of this vector was created and investigated under this assumption. It was expected that the application of this knowledge would improve the efficiency of the estimator. It was proven that the proposed estimator is consistent and converges weakly to a bivariate Gaussian process under a suitable transformation. A simulation study was conducted to compare the performance of the proposed estimator with that of the usual estimator. Finally, the application of the proposed estimator is illustrated by analyzing a dataset comprising the time to blindness in patients with diabetic retinopathy.
Intermittent control for stabilization of uncertain nonlinear systems via event-triggered mechanism
Authors: Xu Tian , Zhang Jin-E
Published: October 2024

This paper studies the finite-time stabilization (FTS) and finite-time contraction stabilization (FTCS) of parameter-uncertain systems subjected to impulsive disturbances by using an event-triggered aperiodic intermittent control (EAPIC) method, which combines aperiodic intermittent control with event-triggered control. By employing the Lyapunov method and linear matrix inequality techniques, sufficient conditions for FTS and FTCS are derived. Additionally, within the finite-time control framework, relationships among impulsive disturbance, intermittent control parameters, and event-triggered mechanism (ETM) thresholds are established under EAPIC to ensure FTS and FTCS. The sequence of impulsive moments is determined by a predetermined ETM, and Zeno phenomena are also excluded. Finally, the effectiveness of the EAPIC approach is demonstrated through two numerical examples.
Agile Model-Driven Engineering
Authors: Lano Kevin , Alfraihi Hessa
Published: October 2024

In this article, the authors describe the field of agile model-driven software engineering methods and present the results of a survey of the research and industrial practice in this field over the last 25 years. They evaluate how the field has grown and diversified over the surveyed time period, describe the range of applications of agile model-driven development, and identify the key milestones and points of progress of the field. The evolution of the area in terms of the techniques employed and the contribution of industrial practitioners is also described.
Comparative Analysis of Detection of Diseases in Apple Tree Leaves Using ResNet and CNN
Authors: Apurva S. Aditi
Published: October 2024

The modern era has become an era of machine learning as an essential tool for developing IoT (internet of things) application. Machine learning for IoT can be used to depict future trends, detect anomalies, and argument intelligence by ingesting images, videos, and audios. Introducing IoT and machine learning in agricultural has empowered farmers to make and take well informed decision in optimal resource utilization as well as mitigation of pest and disease control. IoT and machine learning has aided in revolutionizing the farming sector. IoT sensors placed in the soil measure parameters like moisture content, pH levels, and nutrient levels. This chapter delves into a comparative analysis of two deep learning architectures, the residual neural network (ResNet), and convolutional neural network (CNN), for detecting diseases in apple tree leaves. By employing these models, the study aims to determine their performance in accurately identifying and classifying diseased apple tree leaves against healthy ones.
Harnessing the Strength of Digital Technologies for Cybersecurity
Authors: Verma Shilpy
Published: October 2024

The rapidly growing digitization has positively contributed to economic growth, social development, and increased environmental protection. At the same time, it has also made socio-technical systems and its associated ecosystems more susceptible to cyber-threats. The rapid increase of technological adoption raises the need to provide a secure and sustainable cyberspace for internet users. A key concern of today's technology driven economies is cybersecurity issues. It is essential to build cyber security ecosystem and resistance to cyber threats. It should also be emphasised that sustainability, data regulation, and cybersecurity will be key to the digital transformation in the years to come. Given this, it is important to have measures (regulatory, organisational, and legal) to curb cyberattacks. This chapter intends to examine the need, strategies to follow to fight against digital threats and future steps in the building sustainable cyber security ecosystem.
Navigating the Nexus of Corporate Governance, Risk Management, and Social Responsibility While Unveiling Responsibility Dilution and Embracing Risk
Authors: Doumenis Yianni , Fragnière Emmanuel
Published: October 2024

This study explores the complex relationship between corporate governance, risk management, and social responsibility, focusing on the impact of regulatory and market changes. It assesses the influence of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the Committee of Sponsoring Organisations (COSO) Enterprise Risk Management framework on corporate governance. Through a comparative analysis of risk management across countries, the chapter highlights the role of legal frameworks and industry standards. The study also examines technology's role in enhancing transparency and accountability, particularly through data analytics and cybersecurity. A Greek case study provides a detailed national perspective. By synthesising literature, regulatory reports, and the Greek case, the research offers a comprehensive overview of current practices and future trends, emphasising the importance of transparent risk disclosure and strong governance in building corporate resilience and stakeholder trust.
Extrapolating the Influence of Risk Assessment Tools on Organizational Effectiveness Within the Automobile Industry
Authors: Raghunath K. Madhu Kishore , Devi S. L. Tulasi , Sheela P.
Published: October 2024

Risk assessment as the need of the hour is what managers agree upon unanimously in today's competitive environment. The main objective of this research study is to examine the aspects of risk and risk assessment in organizational setup and further analyze the relationship between risk assessment tools and organizational effectiveness in the Indian automobile industry. The study will give managers a perspective of how risk assessment tools are different from one another in terms of their perceived benefits as managers have plenty of risk assessment tools to choose from within an industry and the contributions of this study will render great insight to risk managers and future entrepreneurs in managing risk innovatively. The present study is among the first few to identify and explore the impact of risk assessment tools on organizational effectiveness via perceived benefits. These findings advance the understanding of risk assessment tools upon organizational effectiveness and help risk managers assess and control risk in a better way.
Strategic Management of Hospitality Security Under the Influence of Macro Trends
Authors: Bovsh Lyudmila , Tkachuk Tetiana , Zikii Nataliіa , Mouloudj Kamel , Bouarar Ahmed Chemseddine
Published: October 2024

Hospitality entities face ongoing pressures at a macro level, necessitating effective strategic approaches to business security management. Therefore, the aim of this chapter was to explore the essential elements of strategic security management in hospitality, influenced by macro trends. This involved examining the origins of risks and threats, as well as key components in developing a security management strategy, including metrics, key risk indicators (KRIs), objectives and key results (OKRs), and foresight capabilities. The analysis employs an analytical approach and underscores that effective security strategies not only mitigate risks but also foster a secure and trustworthy environment for guests and staff. Additionally, staying abreast of technological advancements and industry trends enables hospitality entities to adapt their security measures proactively. In conclusion, it is emphasized that implementing robust security protocols such as access control measures, surveillance systems, and emergency response plans is crucial for proactive risk management.
Sustainability Reporting on Istanbul Airport
Authors: Ceken Seda
Published: October 2024

Sustainability practices at airports encompass a spectrum of environmental impacts stemming from airport operations and assets, as well as digital, social, and economic factors. The significance of sustainability practices, particularly within airport operations, is underscored by the intrinsic connection between sustainability and aviation. This significance arises from both international regulations and the demands of investors and stakeholders within the industry. This study employed a longitudinal case study approach to examine Istanbul Airport in Turkiye. The study aims to examine the quantity and quality of sustainability reporting by the Istanbul Airport through its sustainability report. It uses content analysis to examine the use of the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) standards, and United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development (SD) goals. Furthermore, GRI reporting principles were used as the basis for the analysis of the quality of the sustainability report in the research. The findings were reported and discussed.
Preparing graduates for the job market: A strength-based skill development approach
Authors: Matabane Mathashwane J. , Lodewyk-Raliphada Roslyn , Graupner Lené I.
Published: October 2024

Orientation: The lack of skills, such as communication and teamwork among graduates, is a major concern for employers. Graduates should prioritise developing skills in demand for the evolving job market.Research purpose: The purpose of the study was to explore the impressions of graduates regarding the skills they need to enter the job market and to develop and present a strength-based skills training programme for graduates in the South African labour market.Motivation for the study: Graduates can be equipped through a strength-based approach, which could assist them in applying their strengths to find employment in the South African labour market.Research design/approach and method: A qualitative research approach with a social constructivism paradigm was used. The participants were unemployed graduates, with a sample size of N = 10. Data was collected by using qualitative surveys captured on the QuestionPro platform. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data.Main findings: The findings highlight the challenges faced by unemployed graduates. The participants reported feeling empowered by the training programme, helping them recognise and utilise their skills and strengths.Practical/managerial implications: The study highlighted that a strength-based training program for unemployed graduates could enhance the skills necessary for employment, such as self-awareness and emotional intelligence. A comprehensive understanding of the barriers to decent work is crucial for developing interventions to equip graduates for the labour market.Contribution/value-add: This research provides a basis for training and developing unemployed graduates from a strength-based perspective.
Kikuchi–Fujimoto Disease Presenting as Autoimmune Limbic Encephalitis: A Case Report with Review of Literature
Authors: Punith SB , Agarwal Ayush , Garg Divyani , Garg Ajay , Shamim Shamim A , Mallick Saumya Ranjan , Gupta Pranjal , Srivastava Achal K
Published: October 2024

Kikuchi–Fujimoto disease (KFD) is a rare benign condition associated with fever and lymphadenopathy and was first described by Kikuchi and Fujimoto independently in 1972 as histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis. The diagnosis is made by histopathology with immunohistochemistry. Limbic encephalitis is an extremely rare presentation of this uncommon disease, which has been described mainly in children. Available evidence is sparse in the form of case reports and case series in the form of 10 cases published till date. We report a case of an adult female with KFD with autoimmune limbic encephalitis, who had complete clinical and radiologic recovery with treatment, and a literature review of all the cases published till date.
Time Usage and Satisfaction Based on Occupational Area Between Weekdays and Weekends of Family Caregivers and Non-family Caregivers of Dementia Patients
Authors: Jang Woo-Hyuk , Park Jong-Hwi
Published: October 2024

Background and Objectives:

The number of people with dementia and the burden on families to care for them are increasing. As a result, families are affected in their use of time to carry out daily activities. This study compared family caregivers of dementia patients (dementia family) and non-family caregivers of dementia patients (non-dementia family), reflecting their characteristics on weekdays and weekends.

Methods:

There were 92 participants each in the groups dementia family and non-dementia family. Each group was divided into 121 people on weekdays and 71 people on weekends. Time usage was measured by occupational area. The variables assessed were “lack of time,” “tiredness,” “life satisfaction,” and “leisure satisfaction.” Variables including “house chores sharing” and “role division” were also assessed. The time usage of the Korea National Statistical Office’s 2019 “time use survey” was reclassified based on the occupational areas of the Occupational Therapy Practice Framework-Fourth Edition, and time usage and satisfaction were analyzed. Frequency analysis and independent t-test were used for statistical processing.

Results:

On weekdays, the dementia family showed less time usage in the “leisure” area for men and “social participation” area for women than the non-dementia family. On weekends, dementia family showed less time usage in the “activities of daily living” (ADLs) area than the non-dementia family and women in dementia family showed less time usage in “ADLs” area compared to women in the non-dementia family. Satisfaction was found to be higher in terms of “lack of time” and “tiredness” on weekdays and “tiredness” on weekends in dementia family than in the non-dementia family.

Conclusions:

Time usage and satisfaction of dementia family and non-dementia family showed differences during weekdays and weekends. These results suggest that for family caregivers of dementia patients, it is necessary to improve the efficient use of time and satisfaction during weekdays and holidays.
A cross-sectional pilot study to estimate the frequency of minor blood group alleles and phenotypes in RhD-negative North Indian blood donors by DNA microarray analysis
Authors: Negi Gita , Malhotra Sheetal , Goyal Bela , Singh Praveen Kumar , Mirza Anissa Atif
Published: October 2024

INTRODUCTION:

There are scarce data on Indian blood donors with respect to blood group phenotypes using molecular diagnostic modalities. Hence, we planned to estimate frequencies of blood group alleles/phenotypes using DNA microarray analysis in the north Indian RhD-negative blood donor population. With this initial pilot study, we plan to expand it to our entire donor population.

METHODOLOGY:

The cross-sectional prospective study was conducted on 50 Indian blood donors (O RhD negative), to study the blood group genotype frequency. Genotyping for the most relevant red blood cell antigens (Rh, Kell, Duffy, Kidd, MNS, Lutheran, and Dombrock) was done using Bioarray Precise TypeHM Human Erythrocyte Antigen BeadChip kit containing probes directed to polymorphic sites.

RESULTS:

In the Rh system, the most common alleles were RHCE*e/RHCE*e (98%) and RHCE*c/RHCE*c (80%). Phenotype K-k+ (genotype- KEL*02/KEL*02) was seen in 98% of samples, Js(a-b+) (KEL*02.07/KEL*02.07) was detected in 98% (49/50) of the samples tested. Jk(a + b+) (JK*01/JK*02) was the most common phenotype (48%) in the Kidd blood group system. In MNSs system, M+N+ (GYPA*01/GYPA*02) 44% and S+s+U+ (GYPB
*03/GYPB*04) 34% were the most common phenotypes detected.

CONCLUSION:

This pilot study shows the feasibility of genotyping a Northern Indian donor population. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first study on molecular blood grouping in Indian blood donors using the Bioarray platform.
Autologous stem cell transplant in Jehovah’s Witness: The last hope for survival
Authors: Singh Prachi , Karthikeyan Jayagowri , Chowdhry Mohit , Seth Shishir
Published: October 2024

A 55-year-old female, belonging to Jehovah’s Witness community, had to undergo autologous stem transplantation (ASCT), the last ultimate option for her chemoresistant multiple myeloma. Due to her religious faith, she did not consent to transfusing blood components throughout her treatment course, which made the situation medically and ethically challenging. We, as a multidisciplinary team, formulated an individualized treatment algorithm, counseling sessions, and various special documentation to take the treatment plan forward. Risk–benefit analysis and contingency planning were crucial in her case as it was a one-of-a-kind experience. This bloodless ASCT was successful by means of thoughtful waiting, guarded management, and alternatives to blood components.
Vital Staining Role in Resection and Reconstruction of Tongue Cancers with Free Flap - A Comparative Study
Authors: Puranapanda Meghana Sri Ravali , Jakkula Ananth Nag , Gogineni Tarun , Damera Srikanth , Vatti Ganga Kishore
Published: October 2024

Introduction:

The purpose of this study is to compare and infer the most suitable dye for visualisation of ipsilateral and contralateral sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs), positive, negative outcomes, sensitivity, their specificities and visualisation of anastomosed blood vessels in microvascular reconstruction of tongue cancers.

Materials and Methods:

This is a prospective in vivo comparative study involving twenty patients diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue treated with wide excision of primary tongue tumour, modified functional neck dissection and microvascular reconstruction with radial forearm free flap. Consecutive random allocation was done into two groups with ten patients each. Patients were injected with methylene blue as the first group and near-infrared fluorescence indocyanine green (ICG) into the second. The patients were evaluated intraoperatively regarding the better dye in methylene blue and ICG for identification of ipsilateral and contralateral SLNs, their positive, negative outcomes, sensitivity and specificities. Apart from these, in cases of group B, after microvascular transfers, ICG is used for visualisation of anastomosed vessels to prevent abnormal perfusions, leaks and post–flap failures. Descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test, and Chi-square were used for statistical analysis.

Results:

The present study revealed ICG being the better dye in the parameters mentioned.

Discussion:

Lymph node yield in neck dissection is a prognostic factor in oral cancers. ICG is inferred as the better dye for identification of SLN with 100% outcomes and in blood vessel visualisation after microvascular free tissue transfers. It is also useful in identifying positive contralateral sentinel nodes, which is helpful in undertaking bilateral neck dissections related to tongue carcinoma.
Correlation between glycemic control and retinal nerve fiber layer parameters in type 2 diabetics without retinopathy: a case control study
Authors: Elnagar Eman L. , Swaify Islam Y. , Abuhussein Nahla B. , Fadel Mariam R. , Kenawy Mohamed B.
Published: October 2024

Background

Retinal neurodegenerative changes were found to develop in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) before the onset of microvascular changes of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Such changes usually affect inner retinal layers in the form of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thinning.

Aim

To correlate the degree of glycemic control [in the form of hemoglobin A1c (HBA1c) levels] with changes in peripapillary RNFL thickness in patients with type 2 DM without DR using optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Patients and methods

Participants are divided into three groups each including 28 eyes: group 1: uncontrolled type 2 DM without DR (HBA1c≥7%), group 2: controlled type 2 DM without DR (HBA1c<7%), group 3: healthy age and sex-matched controls. Peripapillary RNFL and macular ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness were evaluated in all participants using RTVue spectral domain OCT device (Optovue, Fremont, USA).

Results

Peripapillary RNFL and macular GCC were significantly thinner in the uncontrolled type 2 DM group in comparison to both the controlled type 2 DM group and the healthy control group. No significant difference in OCT parameters between the controlled type 2 DM group and the healthy control group. HBA1c shows a statistically significant negative correlation with average, superior and inferior RNFL thickness as well as average, superior, and inferior GCC thickness.

Conclusion

Early and adequate glycemic control, indicated by HBA1c less than 7%, is of critical importance in delaying and reducing early neurodegenerative changes in the form of RNFL and GCC thinning in patients with type 2 DM without DR.
Evaluation of macular and optic nerve head changes by optical coherence tomography angiography in glaucomatous eyes
Authors: Mohamed Ezzeldin G. , Elsersy Tamer H. , Lotfy Ayman M. , Elshabrawy Ahmed M.
Published: October 2024

Background

Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is introduced as a safe, noninvasive, and dye-free technology that provides an assessment of both large vessels and microvasculature of the retina and some parts of the choriocapillaris. Measuring vessel densities using OCTA at both the macula and optic nerve head (ONH) in glaucomatous eyes and comparing them with those of normal eyes will give us an idea about the effect of glaucoma on vessel densities and the role of OCTA in controlling and monitoring glaucoma progression, which remains despite the various medical and surgical treatment options, the second most common reason of blindness worldwide.

Aims

The current study aimed to assess vessel densities in glaucomatous patients at both the macula and ONH and compare them with vessel densities of normal participants and to assess if OCTA can be useful in the diagnosis and monitoring of the disease.

Settings and design

Case–control study.

Patients and methods

The study enrolled 60 patients who were divided into two groups. Group 1 included 30 patients with any type of glaucoma and group 2 included 30 normal participants. OCTA was performed on all of them to assess the macular and ONH vessel densities.

Results

Glaucomatous patients showed decreased vessel density at the macula and the ONH. The vessel densities at the foveal and all quadrants of parafoveal regions of the macula were decreased when compared with vessel densities of normal participants. Vessel densities at all quadrants of the peripapillary region also decreased when compared with those of normal participants with a strong positive correlation between average peripapillary vessel density and average peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness.

Conclusions

Both macular vessel density and ONH vessel density are affected in glaucoma and that may play a role in the diagnosis and follow-up of the disease.
Evaluation of the different methods of optic disc examination in glaucomatous patients
Authors: Hefny Mostafa M. , Abd-Elshafik Mohamed A. , Gharib Hesham M. , Shabaan Yasmine M.
Published: October 2024

Background

Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness worldwide. Many patients discover glaucoma accidentally during regular checkups.

Purpose

To evaluate the agreement using slit lamp biomicroscopy, stereoscopic fundus photography, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) in the evaluation of the optic disc area, the cup area, and the vertical cup disc ratio (VCDR) in glaucomatous patients.

Patients and methods

This cross-sectional observational study includes 28 eyes of glaucomatous patients. All patients underwent slit lamp biomicroscopy using a +90 D lens, stereoscopic fundus photography using a computerized program to measure the optic disc parameters, and OCT for optic disc evaluation. Three examiners did the analysis.

Results

Comparing results obtained on stereoscopic fundus photography and OCT, examiner one reported moderate reliability regarding disc area, cup area, and the VCDR with an intraclass coefficient (ICC) of 0.67, 0.67, and 0.50 and P values of 0.68, 0.61, and 0.01, respectively. Examiner two reported moderate reliability regarding disc area, cup area, and VCDR with an ICC of 0.66, 0.63, and 0.54 and P values of 0.16, 0.69, and 0.03, respectively. Examiner three reported moderate reliability regarding disc area and VCDR with an ICC of 0.65, 0.71, and P values of 0.69 and 0.07, respectively. A good reliability for the cup area was reported with an ICC of 0.82 and a P value of 0.02. The slit lamp and stereoscopic fundus photos showed moderate reliability compared with fundus photography values.

Conclusion

There is an agreement between values obtained by slit lamp biomicroscopy, stereoscopic fundus photography, and OCT.
Retinal morphology and microvasculature density alterations in generalized anxiety disorders
Authors: Abdala Majdi A. , Geilani Nadia A. , Masuod Suliman M. , Abdulkarim Naeimah A. , ILSAKER Iman A.
Published: October 2024

Purpose

This study evaluates morphological alterations in the macula and peripapillary regions of patients with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCT-A). We compared these changes with healthy controls to determine GAD’s impact on the retina.

Methods

An observational case-control study was conducted from January to May 2024 at the Benghazi Teaching Eye Hospital, including 40 GAD patients and 40 healthy controls aged 30–65 years. Participants underwent comprehensive ophthalmic assessments, including OCT and OCT-A. We analyzed retinal parameters such as central macular thickness (CMT), Macular volume, Ganglion cell layer thickness, and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, along with vessel density in the macular and peripapillary regions.

Results

GAD patients exhibited significantly lower CMT (243.30±21.15 μm vs. 268.79±17.34 μm, P=0.001), Macular volume (9.48±0.62 mm3 vs. 10.17±0.39 mm3, P=0.001), Ganglion cell layer thickness (83.60±78.24 μm vs. 92.30±74.73 μm, P=0.001), and total RNFL thickness (93.90±11.05 μm vs. 97.76±8.67 μm, P=0.001) compared with controls. RNFL thinning was noted in the nasal, inferior, and temporal regions. However, OCT-A revealed no significant differences in vessel density in the peripapillary and central macular areas between GAD patients and controls.

Conclusion

Patients with GAD exhibit significant retinal structural changes, particularly in the macular and RNFL regions. However, no significant differences in retinal vessel density were observed. These findings suggest that GAD may impact retinal morphology but not vascular density, indicating potential biomarkers for early detection and monitoring of GAD-related neurodegeneration.
Possible Role of Platelet-Rich Plasma in the Treatment of Patients with Postherpetic Neuralgia: A Prospective, Single-Arm, Open-Label Clinical Study
Authors: Abu El-Hamd Mohammed , Abd Elaa Shereen G. , Abdelwahab Ashraf
Published: October 2024

Background:

Currently, no treatment can fully and finally treat postherpetic neuralgia (PHN).

Objectives:

This study aimed to evaluate the possible efficacy of autologous intralesional platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injection in treating patients with PHN.

Materials and Methods:

A prospective, single-arm, open-label clinical study was conducted on 45 patients with PHN attending the Dermatology Outpatient Clinics of Sohag University Hospital, Egypt, between November 2019 and November 2021. Patients were subjected to full clinical general and dermatologic examinations. Patient’s assessment included; severity of pain through visual analogue scale (VAS), numerical rating scale (NRS), and verbal rating scale (VRS), in addition to Medical Outcomes Study 36 Item Short-Form (SF-36). Patients were treated by autologous PRP injection every 2 weeks for 2 months (4 sessions). Patients were evaluated before every session and 3- months after the last session.

Results:

There was a significantly decreased VAS, NRS, VRS, and SF-36 questionnaire values in the last session and three months after the last session. There was a highly significant moderate correlation between both scales (VAS and VRS) and patient’s age in years and who have aggravating factors. Likewise, there was a significant moderate positive correlation between scales (VAS and VRS) and the disease duration, medical co-morbidities, and associated myalgia.

Limitations:

These findings require further confirmations on more inclusive large-sized multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trials with longer follow-up.

Conclusion:

This clinical pilot study concluded that autologous intralesional PRP injection was an effective therapeutic option for patients with PHN.
Pandemic Tattoo Reactions – A Scenario on the Surge; A Series of 30 Cases
Authors: Raj Chinmoy , Behera Debasmita , Debata Ipsita , Begum Farheen
Published: October 2024

Since ancient era, tattooing has been very popular, but in the recent times, it has been perceived as a form of art and is quite popular for cosmetic purposes. During the COVID pandemic, while most businesses were struggling, the tattoo industry flourished. This in turn led to an increase in tattooing practices causing a surge in tattoo site complications as well. We hereby present a series of 30 cases of tattoo site reactions which we have encountered as a direct result of tattooing during the pandemic.
eTEP-PP for repair of primary midline ventral hernias
Authors: Kapoor Abhimanyu , Tarun Sutrave , Kumar Rahul , Ansari Azharuddin , Sakhare Suraj Subhash
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND:

Minimally invasive surgery for hernia repair has advanced significantly, with techniques such as transabdominal preperitoneal repair (TAPP) and totally extraperitoneal repair for inguinal hernias inspiring similar approaches for ventral and incisional hernias. The enhanced-view totally extraperitoneal repair (eTEP) technique, introduced in the twenty-first century, demonstrated advantages in inguinal hernia repair. Leveraging the benefits of eTEP and TAPP while addressing their limitations, we developed the extended totally extraperitoneal preperitoneal repair (eTEP-PP) technique for primary midline ventral hernias. This technique combines the benefits of eTEP and TAPP, avoids specific drawbacks such as the need to divide the posterior rectus sheath or close the peritoneum, and ensures safer and more effective repair. The eTEP-PP method shows promise as a future standard for small-to-medium primary ventral hernia repairs. Further studies are needed to confirm its long-term efficacy and application.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This retrospective study included 15 patients who underwent eTEP-PP surgery between February 2024 and June 2024 at the Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Regency Hospital, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. Patients with primary midline ventral abdominal wall hernias were studied, noting intraoperative and postoperative outcomes.

RESULTS:

All 15 patients experienced no intraoperative complications or conversions to open surgery. Two patients required conversion from eTEP-PP to eTEP due to challenges in creating the preperitoneal flap. Postoperative outcomes were excellent, with no surgical site occurrences or complications requiring intervention. There were no readmissions, mortalities, or recurrences 1 month post-surgery.

CONCLUSION:

The eTEP-PP technique for primary ventral hernia repair is reproducible and has shown excellent initial outcomes. While the study’s sample size is a limitation, the technique’s potential as a future standard for small-to-medium primary ventral hernia repairs is evident. Further studies are needed to establish its long-term efficacy and broaden its application.
How Does Self Efficacy and Motivation Influence the Adoption of Sexual Abstinence among Students in Indonesia
Authors: Siswantara Pulung , Qomaruddin Mochammad Bagus , Bilqis Tiber Raniar Inner Beauty
Published: October 2024

In adolescence, dating behavior may escalate into sexual contact which has implications for unwanted pregnancies followed by various negative effects. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of self-efficacy on adolescent motivation and analyze the influence of motivation on the adoption of Sexual Abstinence. This study is an observational analytic with a cross-sectional approach, sampling using the Multistage Cluster Random technique with a total of 299 respondents. The data analysis used is Structural Equation Model test at a significance of 0.05. The results showed that there was an influence of self-efficacy variable on motivation with a P value of 0.010 and there was no influence of the motivation variable on the adoption of sexual abstinence with a P value of 0.225. High self-efficacy in adolescents can increase adolescent motivation in adopting sexual abstinence behavior. It takes effort to increase self-efficacy in adolescents which can affect the motivation in adopting sexual abstinence.
Hodgkin’s Lymphoma after Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy in a Patient from India
Authors: Konan Vinay Kumar , Kavya S. T. , Nagchand Mohan C , Shetty Bhushan C.
Published: October 2024

Malignancies in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive individuals have a larger role in morbidity and mortality. Appropriate clinical acumen is required for a clinician to anticipate the occurrence of lymphoma after starting antiretroviral therapy, especially in patients with CD4 <100 cells/mm3. Here is a 30-year-old man with weight loss and appetite, found to be retroviral disease positive status with low CD 4 counts. He was started on antiretroviral treatment, and following that, he developed Hodgkin’s lymphoma of mixed cellularity. He is planned for an ABVD regimen and received one cycle of the same without any complications. To our knowledge, we are reporting the first case of an HIV patient with a mixed cellularity form of classical Hodgkin’s lymphoma from India.