bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epitope Mapping of Human α3(IV)NC1-Induced Membranous Nephropathy in Mice
Authors: Wang Jia , Wang Miao , Cui Zhao , Zhao Ming-hui
Published: January 2020

Background and Aim: Primary membranous nephropathy (pMN) is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults. Recent studies suggested that immunization of DBA/1 mice with the main antigen of antiglomerular basement membrane disease (GBM) disease, α3(IV)NC1, could lead to MN lesions. This study aimed to explore the pathogenic epitopes for mouse MN. Methods: Twenty-four linear peptides were synthesized spanning human α3(IV)NC1. Male DBA/1 mice aged 6–8 weeks were immunized with the peptides 200 μg/mouse in Freund’s complete adjuvant subcutaneously and boosted 3 times with the peptides in Freund’s incomplete adjuvant in weeks 3, 5, and 7. The blood and 24-h urine samples were assessed every 2 weeks. The kidneys were examined when the mice were sacrificed at 18 weeks. Results: All the mice immunized with human α3(IV)NC1 and the 24 peptides produced circulating antibodies against the immunogens at 2 weeks and achieved the maximum titers at 8 weeks. About 5/6 (83%) mice immunized with α3(IV)NC1 and (3/6) 50% of the mice immunized with peptide 23 (α3141–154) showed proteinuria at 8–10 weeks and increased continuously. The kidneys showed granular depositions of IgG, C3, and C5b-9 along the glomerular capillary loops. The major IgG subclass was IgG1 (equivalent to human IgG4). GBM thickening with the formation of spikes and subepithelial electron-dense deposits were observed under electron microscope. Conclusion: The linear peptide of α3141–154 could induce clinical and histopathological features of MN in DBA/1 mice, which might give clues to the mechanism of MN in combination with anti-GBM disease.
Automatismo fotográfico e retorno ao manual
Authors: Pastor Leonardo
Published: January 2020

Busca-se neste artigo perceber as oscilações entre uma continuidade automática dos processos fotográficos e as possibilidades de “retorno ao manual” – suspensões momentâneas do próprio automatismo fotográfico. Para esta análise, utiliza-se como guia a antropologia dos modernos de Bruno Latour, por meio da qual desenvolve-se a noção de automatismo fotográfico enquanto um cruzamento entre os modos de existência da técnica e do hábito. Apresentamos tais práticas por meio do relato de sete pessoas acostumadas a utilizar o smartphone para fotografar, demonstrando como elas, além de suspenderem momentaneamente o automatismo do aparelho, possibilitam novos direcionamentos para as mediações em torno dos processos fotográficos.
Crítica da autonomia: liberdade como heteronomia sem servidão
Authors: Safatle Vladimir
Published: January 2020

O artigo visa discutir formas de pensar o conceito de liberdade para além de sua submissão às figuras da autonomia. O objetivo é avaliar a necessidade e pertinência de pensarmos, em nosso contexto sócio-histórico, a liberdade como heteronomia sem servidão. Conceito este que nasce da crítica à elevação do paradigma do auto-pertencimento a condição de via única para a definição da liberdade.
Characterization of Structural Changes in Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy With Recurrent Ventricular Tachycardia After Ablation
Authors: Briceño David F. , Liang Jackson J. , Shirai Yasuhiro , Markman Timothy M. , Chahal Anwar , Tschabrunn Cory , Zado Erica , Hyman Mathew C. , Kumareswaran Ramanan , Arkles Jeffery S. , Santangeli Pasquale , Schaller Robert D. , Supple Gregory E. , Frankel David S. , Deo Rajat , Riley Michael P. , Nazarian Saman , Lin David , Epstein Andrew E. , Garcia Fermin C. , Dixit Sanjay , Callans David J. , Marchlinski Francis E.
Published: January 2020

Background:

Data characterizing structural changes of arrhythmogenic right ventricular (RV) cardiomyopathy are limited.

Methods:

Patients presenting with left bundle branch block ventricular tachycardia in the setting of arrhythmogenic RV cardiomyopathy with procedures separated by at least 9 months were included.

Results:

Nineteen consecutive patients (84% males; mean age 39±15 years [range, 20–76 years]) were included. All 19 patients underwent 2 detailed sinus rhythm electroanatomic endocardial voltage maps (average 385±177 points per map; range, 93–847 points). Time interval between the initial and repeat ablation procedures was mean 50±37 months (range, 9–162). No significant progression of voltage was observed (bipolar: 38 cm
2
[interquartile range (IQR), 25–54] versus 53 cm
2
[IQR, 25–65],
P
=0.09; unipolar: 116 cm
2
[IQR, 61–209] versus 159 cm
2
[IQR, 73–204],
P
=0.36) for the entire study group. There was a significant increase in RV volumes (percentage increase, 28%; 206 mL [IQR, 170–253] versus 263 mL [IQR, 204–294],
P
<0.001) for the entire study population. Larger scars at baseline but not changes over time were associated with a significant increase in RV volume (bipolar: Spearman ρ, 0.6965,
P
=0.006; unipolar: Spearman ρ, 0.5743,
P
=0.03). Most patients with progressive RV dilatation (8/14, 57%) had moderate (2 patients) or severe (6 patients) tricuspid regurgitation recorded at either initial or repeat ablation procedure.

Conclusions:

In patients with arrhythmogenic RV cardiomyopathy presenting with recurrent ventricular tachycardia, >10% increase in RV endocardial surface area of bipolar voltage consistent with scar is uncommon during the intermediate term. Most recurrent ventricular tachycardias are localized to regions of prior defined scar. Voltage indexed scar area at baseline but not changes in scar over time is associated with progressive increase in RV size and is consistent with adverse remodeling but not scar progression. Marked tricuspid regurgitation is frequently present in patients with arrhythmogenic RV cardiomyopathy who have progressive RV dilation.
How to Found a New Dynasty: The Early Qajars’ Quest for Legitimacy
Authors: Kondo Nobuaki
Published: January 2020

This paper focuses on how early Qajars established their rule and legitimacy. At first, Āqā Mohammad Khān, the first shah, imitated other rulers since Nāder Shāh, such as Mohammad-Hasan Khān Qājār, Āzād Khān Afghān, and Karim Khān Zand, in his coins and documents. Like his predecessors, he also tried to install a Safavid prince at Tehran as a puppet ruler. However, following his official coronation and his conquest of Iran, he changed the format of his royal edicts and issued extraordinarily heavy gold coins. Nevertheless, neither Āqā Mohammad Khān nor his successors created an official genealogy to legitimize their rule, instead modifying a genealogical tree of Ottoman origin to juxtapose their names alongside those of other royal families without connecting themselves directly to Biblical or Qurʾanic ancestors. The early Qajar case reveals new methods of establishing dynastic legitimacy which differed from the approach of earlier dynasties in the Persianate world.
Two new species and a new record of polydesmoid millipedes from Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, eastern China (Diplopoda, Polydesmida)
Authors: LIU WEIXIN , HUO QINGBO
Published: January 2020

The millipede, Niponia nodulosa Verhoeff, 1931 is recorded from Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, eastern China, for the first time. Two new species of the genus Epanerchodus Attems, 1901 are described from the Jiangzhe Area: Epanerchodus campus n. sp. and Epanerchodus bishou n. sp..
A new genus of cave spider from Neotropical region (Gnaphosidae: Prodidominae)
Authors: RODRIGUES BRUNO V. B. , CIZAUSKAS IGOR , LEMOS YUJI
Published: January 2020

A new monotypic genus of Prodidominae, Indiani gen. nov., is proposed to include one cave species collected in limestone caves from Minas Gerais, Brazil: Indiani gaspar sp. nov. (♂♀). Based on a recent phylogenetic analysis of Prodidominae, the new genus is closely to other Neotropical Prodidominae, such as Lygromma, Brasilomma and Moreno by sharing a classic claw tuft clasper. Indiani gen. nov. is characterized by a ventral parallel rows of strong spines on tibia and metatarsus I–II, male palp with sclerotized conductor and the robust median apophysis is curved retrolaterally; the female epigyne has an anterior atrium and a posterior extension of the epigynal plate. As other cave Prodidominae, Indiani gen. nov. has morphological characteristics, such as loss or reduction of eyes and weak pigmentation, that indicate an adaptation for living in subterranean environments.
Spice and Barrier Layers: An Arabian Sea Case Study
Authors: Echols Rosalind , Riser Stephen C.
Published: January 2020

Barrier layers (BLs) are a frequent occurrence in low-latitude oceans, but variations in identification methods and quantitative descriptors used, as well as analyses of their lifetimes, lead to differing views on their overall impact. Herein a new method is proposed for identifying BLs that relies on the vertical spice profile rather than arbitrary temperature thresholds. Using 13 years of Argo profiling float data from the Arabian Sea, this method is shown to produce reasonable assessments of BL characteristics in the region. Similarly, use of the spice variable to identify formation mechanisms shows promise for using limited observational data and climatology to reproduce mechanisms proposed from modeling studies. Upper-ocean stability calculations combining profiling float and atmospheric forcing data are used to suggest the most likely one-dimensional mechanisms for erosion of BLs and to calculate the expected lifetimes of BLs throughout the year. Consistent with the evidence about the seasonal spatial extent and frequency of BLs, their duration is expected to be 2–3 times longer during the northeast monsoon than the southwest monsoon. However, the most likely erosion mechanisms vary widely throughout the year, as do the associated changes to the upper-ocean structure and thus likely impacts on SST.
Process Consultation Within and Across Cultures
Authors: Kwon Kibum , Lee Jae Young , Park Jong Gyu , Zaballero Aileen Guerrero
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this study is to consider how process consultants can effectively manage challenges both within and across cultures. This study investigates the multidimensional aspects of process consultation for workgroups that consist of diverse individuals in postmodern organizations. A proposed conceptual framework is developed to include factors that are useful for process consultants to consider when working in multicultural contexts. The micro-multicultural framework integrates the cultural mosaic with Schein’s ORJI (Observation, Reaction, Judgment, and Intervention) cycle. The framework represents the multidimensional aspects of cultural identities and explores verbal and nonverbal communication patterns during process consultation. A checklist for micro-multicultural process consultation is also proposed to demonstrate how a process consultant can perform his or her primary role comprehensively while considering process consultation as group-level phenomena.
A Matter of Perspective: An Exploratory Study of a Theory of Mind Autism Intervention for Adolescents
Authors: Lecheler Mishon , Lasser Jon , Vaughan Phillip W. , Leal Jesi , Ordetx Kirstina , Bischofberger Michelle
Published: January 2020

Theory of Mind (ToM) is the capacity to make attributions of mental states such as thoughts, feelings, and beliefs of others. Individuals with autism spectrum disorder are often characterized by delayed or impaired Theory of Mind development and poor social skills. A positive correlation between Theory of Mind skills and social skills exists, but effective interventions that generalize these skills have proven to be a challenge in the field. Furthermore, few effective interventions exist to increase Theory of Mind skills in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. The Teaching Theory of Mind curriculum is a 12-week intervention aimed at increasing social understanding in children and adolescents with deficits in Theory of Mind. To date, there have not been any empirical studies to test the efficacy of the curriculum. The purpose of this study is to investigate the efficacy of the Teaching Theory of Mind curriculum on adolescents with autism spectrum disorder and explore the impact of the intervention when addressing various domains of social understanding. Results, though tentative, indicated that parents saw improved social understanding following intervention, though direct measures of Theory of Mind with adolescent participants did not change significantly.
Violence and Politics: Reconsidering Weber’s ‘Politics as a Vocation’
Authors: Barbalet Jack
Published: January 2020

Today, more than ever, consideration of politics requires reflection on the role of violence and the ethical conduct of leaders. These and associated issues are central in Weber’s ‘Politics as a vocation’, published 100 years ago. While frequently cited, Weber’s definitions of politics and the state, and his understanding of the vocation of politics, are seldom subject to close examination. In the present article Weber’s treatment of the state and politics in terms of the means of violence is shown to be inadequate and misleading. The extra-territoriality of the modern state, necessary in war-making and international intrigue, is continuous with its means of violence, but curiously ignored in ‘Politics as a vocation’. Finally, Weber’s account of morality in the political vocation is shown to have high polemical resonance but low analytic value.
Recognition of natural silk fibers, dyes and metal threads of historical Romanian textile fragments using the multi-analytical techniques approach
Authors: Al-Sharairi Nidal , Sandu Irina Crina Anca , Vasilache Viorica , Sandu Ion
Published: January 2020

A multi-analytical technique approach involving the combined use of micro-invasive and nondestructive techniques was used to identify the type of fiber, mordant and natural dye constituents for eight historical textiles fragments from the 17th–18th centuries, found in monasteries in Northern Romania. The analysis was performed using optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy with an energy-dispersive X-ray detector (SEM-EDX), attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). HPLC could determine two flavonol-based structure yellow dyes (possibly weld and Persian berries), one naphthoquinone-based structure brown dye (juglone-walnut) and five samples composed of anthraquinone-based structure red dyes (two fragments contain kermes, one cochineal, one lac and one madder). Elemental analysis using EDX was utilized to identify the possible using of alum as a mordant and the use of metallic threads (pure silver and gilt threads). OM and SEM techniques identified the fiber type and the existence of metal threads, while ATR-FTIR analysis could provide an initial idea about the functional groups of the textile components for the fiber structure substrates.
Decentralized observer-based optimal control using two-point boundary value successive approximation approach application for a multimachine power system
Authors: Abidi Basma , Elloumi Salwa
Published: January 2020

In this paper, we present a new decentralized observer for a class of nonlinear interconnected systems, based on an optimal control law using the two-point boundary value (TPBV) successive approximation approach. This technique, used previously to develop a nonlinear decentralized suboptimal control for a multimachine power system, inspired us to develop a new method to design a decentralized observer-based suboptimal control law for the same system. The TPBV approach is characterized by the transformation of each high order coupling nonlinear TPBV problem into a sequence of linear decoupling TPBV problems that uniformly converge to the optimal control for nonlinear interconnected large-scale systems. Sufficient conditions for the asymptotic stability of the developed feedback control scheme are proposed in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) constraints, which can be efficiently solved by the LMI optimization techniques, to compute the control and the observation gains of the overall system. We applied this approach to a three-machine power system which generators are nonlinear systems strongly interconnected. We demonstrated clearly, via advanced simulations, that this approach was able to bring good performances, improving effectively transient stability of this power system in few iterative sequences while allowing the reconstruction of its non-measurable state variables.
Character introductions in oral narratives of Swedish–German bilingual preschoolers
Authors: Lindgren Josefin , Reichardt Valerie , Bohnacker Ute
Published: January 2020

Closely related Swedish and German both mark information status of referents morphologically, though little is known about its acquisition. This study investigates character introductions in the narratives of 4- and 6-year-old Swedish–German bilinguals ( N = 40) in both languages, elicited with MAIN Cat/Dog. We analyse effects of age group, language and animacy (human vs nonhuman characters) on the type of referring expression (indefinite NP and pronoun), as well as effects of language proficiency and exposure on the use of indefinite NPs for each language. We also explore which syntactic constructions indefinite NPs occur in. A significant difference was found between the two age groups, but not between languages. No effect was found of language skills or exposure. Four-year-olds used more pronouns and a lower proportion of indefinite NPs than 6-year-olds. Pronouns were more frequent for the human character than for nonhuman animate characters. Whilst animacy (humanness) promoted the use of pronouns, it did not affect the choice of morphological form for lexical NPs (indefinite/definite). The age groups differed in how indefinite NPs were used. Four-year-olds produced fewer narrative presentations (where a character is introduced as part of a typical story opening, e.g. Once upon a time there was a cat) than 6-year-olds, and more labellings (with only an NP, or a clausal predicative, e.g. That’s a cat). Qualitative analyses suggest that the children’s indefinite NPs in labelling constructions can be both referential (when setting the narrative scene), and type-denoting (when naming referents in individual pictures). Whilst the children’s abilities to introduce story characters develop measurably from 4 to 6 years in Swedish and German, appropriateness of character introductions not only depends on whether an indefinite NP is chosen, but also on the syntactic construction this indefinite NP is used in.
A comparison of Bayesian to maximum likelihood estimation for latent growth models in the presence of a binary outcome
Authors: Kim Su-Young , Huh David , Zhou Zhengyang , Mun Eun-Young
Published: January 2020

Latent growth models (LGMs) are an application of structural equation modeling and frequently used in developmental and clinical research to analyze change over time in longitudinal outcomes. Maximum likelihood (ML), the most common approach for estimating LGMs, can fail to converge or may produce biased estimates in complex LGMs especially in studies with modest samples. Bayesian estimation is a logical alternative to ML for LGMs, but there is a lack of research providing guidance on when Bayesian estimation may be preferable to ML or vice versa. This study compared the performance of Bayesian versus ML estimators for LGMs by evaluating their accuracy via Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. For the MC study, longitudinal data sets were generated and estimated using LGM via both ML and Bayesian estimation with three different priors, and parameter recovery across the two estimators was evaluated to determine their relative performance. The findings suggest that ML estimation is a reasonable choice for most LGMs, unless it fails to converge, which can occur with limiting data situations (i.e., just a few time points, no covariate or outcome, modest sample sizes). When models do not converge using ML, we recommend Bayesian estimation with one caveat that the influence of the priors on estimation may have to be carefully examined, per recent recommendations on Bayesian modeling for applied researchers.
Dual-Parent Joblessness, Household Work and Its Moderating Role on Children’s Joblessness as Young Adults
Authors: Mooi-Reci Irma , Craig Lyn
Published: January 2020

Using data from the Household, Income, and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey, we examine whether living in jobless families where parents devote more time to household work shields children against their own joblessness in the future. We draw on a representative sample of young adults who were aged between 4 and 17 years in 2001 and lived with both parents through to 2007 ( N = 1,852). A series of mixed-effect regression models suggest that dual-parent joblessness is associated with an increase in families’ overall household production. The extra household work of fathers has a moderating role on young people’s later joblessness in young adulthood; young adults raised in households in which fathers increase their household work time during jobless periods are less likely to themselves become jobless as adults. This effect is not found if mothers increase their household work time.
Strategically Marketing Florida’s Cities: An Exploratory Study Into How Cities Engage in Public Marketing
Authors: Thomas M. Blair , Fay Daniel L. , Berry Frances S.
Published: January 2020

Over the course of this decade, Florida has emerged as one of America’s fastest growing and most visited states. As many of the state’s municipalities compete for opportunities to expand their tax base and achieve other municipally centered goals, they are faced with the challenge of needing to strategically differentiate themselves from their peers to attract opportunities. One way to accomplish this is through using marketing as a tool of strategic management. While literature shows that marketing engagement is happening in cities throughout the world, we lack a clear understanding of what American municipalities are doing about marketing and why they are increasingly choosing to participate in the activity. This work provides a glimpse into how a sample of Florida cities are strategically using marketing and what city managers and communication officials are specifically hoping to accomplish with marketing activity. The purpose of this research is to answer the following three questions: Why do city governments engage in marketing? Do city government officials engage in marketing from a strategic management perspective? How do city governments engage in marketing? Utilizing surveys and interviews from city managers and communication officials at the municipal level from across the state, this exploratory study sheds a light onto how several cities using marketing as a strategic management tool to achieve articulated goals. We provide recommendations for practitioners exploring strategic use of marketing and practitioners seeking to expand marketing engagement within their municipalities.
The Prevalence of Radiographic Findings of Structural Hip Deformities for Femoroacetabular Impingement in Patients With Hip Pain
Authors: Zhou Jun , Melugin Heath P. , Hale Rena F. , Leland Devin P. , Bernard Christopher D. , Levy Bruce A. , Krych Aaron J.
Published: January 2020

Background:

Radiography is the initial imaging modality used to evaluate femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), and diagnostic radiographic findings are well-established. However, the prevalence of these radiographic findings in patients with hip pain is unknown.

Purpose:

The purpose was 3-fold: (1) to determine the overall prevalence of radiographic FAI deformities in young patients presenting with hip pain, (2) to identify the most common radiographic findings in patients with cam-type FAI, and (3) to identify the most common radiographic findings in patients with pincer-type FAI.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A geographic database was used to identify patients aged 14 to 50 years with hip pain between the years 2000 to 2016. The following were evaluated on radiographs: cam type: typical pistol grip deformity, alpha angle >55°; pincer type: crossover sign (COS), coxa profunda or protrusio acetabuli, lateral center edge angle (LCEA) ≥40°, Tönnis angle <0°; and mixed type: both cam- and pincer-type features. Posterior wall sign (PWS) and ischial spine sign (ISS) were also evaluated. The prevalence of each was determined. Descriptive statistics were performed on all radiographic variables.

Results:

There were 1893 patients evaluated, and 1145 patients (60.5%; 1371 hips; 374 male and 771 female; mean age, 28.8 ± 8.4 years) had radiographic findings consistent with FAI. Of these hips, 139 (10.1%) had cam type, 245 (17.9%) had pincer type, and 987 (72.0%) had mixed type. The prevalence of a pistol grip deformity and an alpha angle >55° was 577 (42.1%) and 1069 (78.0%), respectively. The mean alpha angle was 66.9°± 10.5°. The prevalence of pincer-type radiographic findings was the following: COS, 1062 (77.5%); coxa profunda, 844 (61.6%); ISS, 765 (55.8%); PWS, 764 (55.7%); Tönnis angle <0°, 312 (22.8%); LCEA ≥40°, 170 (12.4%); and protrusio acetabuli, 7 (0.5%).

Conclusion:

The overall prevalence of radiographic findings consistent with FAI in young patients with hip pain was 60.5%. Radiographic findings for mixed-type FAI were the most prevalent. The most common radiographic finding for cam-type FAI was an alpha angle >55°. The most common radiographic finding for pincer-type FAI was the COS.
A Mathematical Formulation of the Dual Nature of Unproductive Labor
Authors: Park Hyun Woong , Rieu Dong-Min
Published: January 2020

In this paper, we present a novel model that explicitly formalizes the dual nature of unproductive labor and derives the optimal size of the unproductive sector. Two sets of results emerge regarding the relationship between the unproductive sector and the profitability and accumulation of capital. First, when the unproductive sector does not make any contribution to improving the efficiency of productive labor’s value creation process, the unproductive sector will cease to exist. In this case, when the labor supply is flexible, profit continues to be produced although it is smaller than otherwise, as long as the exploitation rate is positive; in contrast, if the labor supply is fixed, the absence of the unproductive sector necessarily squeezes the exploitation rate to zero, consequently yielding zero profit. Second, when the labor supply is flexible, an economy can always rely on improving the efficiency of the unproductive sector to prevent economic stagnation and to enhance growth performance; however, when the labor supply is fixed, an economy can do so only when the wage rate is sufficiently high relative to the labor productivity conditions in the productive sector.
Kinetic study on the slow pyrolysis of nonmetal fraction of waste printed circuit boards (NMF-WPCBs)
Authors: Yao Zhitong , Xiong Jingjing , Yu Shaoqi , Su Weiping , Wu Weihong , Tang Junhong , Wu Daidai
Published: January 2020

In this study, the pyrolysis behaviour of nonmetal fraction of waste printed circuit boards (NMF-WPCBs) was studied based on five model-free methods and distributed activation energy model (DAEM). The possible decomposition mechanism was further probed using the Criado method. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated that the NMF-WPCBs pyrolysis process could be divided into three stages with temperatures of 37–330°C, 330–380°C and 380–1000°C. The mass loss at different heating rate was determined as 26.85–29.98%, 13.47–24.21% and 20.43–23.36% for these stages, respectively. The activation energy ( Eα) from various model-free methods first increased with degree of conversion ( α) increasing from 0.05 to 0.275, and then decreased beyond this range. The coefficient ( R) from the Flynn–Wall–Ozawa (FWO) method was higher, and the resulting Eα fell into the range of 214.947–565.660 kJ mol−1. For the DAEM method, the average Eα value was determined as 337.044 kJ mol−1, comparable with 329.664 kJ mol−1 from the FWO method. The thermal decomposition kinetics of NMF-WPCBs could be better described by the second-order reaction.
Associations Between Sexual Violence and Women’s Sexual Attitudes, Sexual Self-Consciousness, and Sexual Self-Efficacy
Authors: Alan Dikmen Hacer , Cankaya Seyhan
Published: January 2020

Sexual violence, a public health problem, can be seen in all societies and among individuals from all levels of educational background. It is important to be aware of the social and individual factors associated with sexual violence to prevent and fight sexual violence. In this study, it was aimed to determine the associations between sexual violence and women’s sexual attitudes, sexual self-consciousness, and sexual self-efficacy. This is a descriptive study. The data were collected from 469 women admitted to three family health centers in Turkey between May and September 2018. Data were collected using a data collection form and three scales (the Sexual Self-Consciousness Scale, the Sexual Self-efficacy Scale, and the Hendrick Brief Sexual Attitudes Scale). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics as well as the independent-sample t test and logistic regression analysis. It was found that 37.7% of the women were exposed to sexual violence. The most frequent response of the women against sexual violence was “crying” with 61%. The first reason why the women maintained the marriage despite sexual violence was to avoid their children growing up without a father (43.3%). There was a statistically significant difference between sexual violence and sexual embarrassment, sexual self-focus, sexual self-consciousness, and sexual self-efficacy scores of the women ( p < .001). No significant difference between the means of the women’s sexual attitude scores and their sexual violence experiences was observed ( p = .526). There was an association between sexual violence and sexual self-efficacy ( p = .036; odds ratio [OR] = 1.030, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.002, 1.059]). Health professionals may provide sexuality education programs at family health centers, especially for couples preparing for marriage to increase sexual efficacy. Moreover, education may be provided identifying sexual violence acts in marriage and informative awareness programs may be offered regarding sexual violence.
Reproductive Coercion and Interpersonal Violence Victimization Experiences Among College Students
Authors: Swan Laura E. T. , Mennicke Annelise , Kim Youngmi
Published: January 2020

Reproductive coercion is behavior, typically perpetrated by a partner, that interferes with autonomous reproductive decision making, often through pregnancy coercion and/or contraceptive interference. Existing literature suggests that reproductive coercion is associated with intimate partner violence in the general population and among college women. However, there is limited research regarding the prevalence and correlates of reproductive coercion in college populations, especially regarding interpersonal violence victimization other than intimate partner violence. To fill this gap in knowledge, this study investigated the relationship between reproductive coercion and multiple forms of interpersonal violence victimization (sexual harassment, sexual abuse, physical partner abuse, psychological partner abuse, stalking, bullying, and polyvictimization). We conducted a secondary analysis of anonymous survey data, which were collected in fall 2015 with college students at a large public university in the southeast United States. The analysis sample was limited to cisgender college students endorsing at least one sexual partner in the past year ( N = 431). Most (67.05%) participants indicated that they had experienced at least one form of interpersonal violence victimization, and 39.91% indicated that they had experienced polyvictimization. About 11% of the sample indicated that they had experienced reproductive coercion. Logistic regression analyses showed that reproductive coercion was associated with an increased likelihood of experiencing polyvictimization and all interpersonal violence victimization experiences except for physical partner abuse while controlling for demographic factors. Health providers, especially those working with college populations, could consider screening for reproductive coercion, to meet students’ reproductive health needs and uncover associated interpersonal violence victimization experiences.
Microbial approaches for remediation of pollutants: Innovations, future outlook, and challenges
Authors: Mishra Bishwambhar , Varjani Sunita , Kumar Gopalakrishnan , Awasthi Mukesh Kumar , Awasthi Sanjeev Kumar , Sindhu Raveendran , Binod Parameswaran , Rene Eldon R , Zhang Zengqiang
Published: January 2020

Environmental contamination with persistent organic pollutants has emerged as a serious threat of pollution. Bioremediation is a key to eliminate these harmful pollutants from the environment and has gained the interest of researchers during the past few decades. Scientific knowledge upon microbial interactions with individual pollutants over the past decades has helped to abate environmental pollution. Traditional bioremediation approaches have limitations for their applications; hence, it is essential to discover new bioremediation approaches with biotechnological interventions for best results. The developments in various methodologies are expected to increase the efficiency of bioremediation techniques and provide environmentally sound strategies. This paper deals with the profiling of microorganisms present in polluted sites using various techniques such as culture-based approaches and omics-based approaches. Besides this, it also provides up-to-date scientific literature on the microbial electrochemical technologies which are nowadays considered as the best approach for remediation of pollutants. Detailed information about future outlook and challenges to evaluate the effect of various treatment technologies for remediation of pollutants has been discussed.
Identification & Examination of Critical Success Factor for Projects: A Case Study of Tamil Nadu Geographical Information System (TNGIS)
Authors: Meshram Sunil , Ahmed Salma
Published: January 2020

Information and communication technology (ICT) usage in governance has become an indispensable element to ensure quality of service provided by the government. The intensity of ICT usages and its impact on quality of service have revealed that effective utilization of the e-governance and its proximity needs periodical introspection in order to enrich the quality of the service. Especially, the significance of government-to-government (G2G) operations depends on the intensity of usage and the inclination of the personnel towards utilization. The present study examines the intensity of the components which influence the success of the Tamil Nadu Geographical Information System (TNGIS) project through information system (IS) model. The study collected information from TNGIS users. The study utilized structural equation modelling to validate the IS model. The results indicated that information quality, system quality, service quality, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and perceived satisfaction of TNGIS have enhanced the quality of service and satisfaction of the personnel utilizing the services. Further, there is a strong need to enhance the infrastructure of ICTs to enrich the quality of service.
Policy Ideas and North–South Research Cooperation: The Case of Norway
Authors: Weinrib Julian , Sá Creso
Published: January 2020

Geopolitically powerful actors in countries linked to the global North have historically shaped the landscape of North–South research cooperation. The literature documents not only the pervasiveness of asymmetrical relationships in North–South research cooperation but also a growing recognition among policy and academic actors of these dynamics. In this context, this study traces the invention of the Norwegian “South-South-North” partnership model, which was envisaged as an alternative to mainstream approaches and sought to foreground the needs and priorities of researchers in the global South. Employing the conceptual perspective of policy ideas, this study identifies three ideas that were constitutive of the model: humanitarianism, enlightened self-interested, and international reputation building. Functioning as broad public philosophies, these ideas underpinned the adoption of the South–South–North model as a distinctively Norwegian approach to research capacity building in the global South.
Design and experimental study of the porous foam metal magnetorheological fluid damper based on built-in multi-pole magnetic core
Authors: Zhao Dan , Zhao Jianbin , Zhao Zhenghang , Liu Yang , Liu Shaogang , Wang Shuaihu
Published: January 2020

The porous foam metal magnetorheological fluid damper has a broad application prospect in the field of vibration isolation of precision instruments with small damping force because it does not need complex dynamic seal structure. The traditional single-ring magnetic pole porous foam metal magnetorheological fluid damper has a small effective area for the magnetic core that affects the damper output range due to the geometric constraints of the coil and the low magnetic field utilization. Therefore, in order to increase the effective area ratio of the magnetic core, this article introduces the built-in multi-pole magnetic core into the porous metal magnetorheological fluid damper and integrates four axial wound fan-shaped magnetic poles on the magnetic core to improve the output performance of the damper. The magnetic circuit is analyzed based on Ohm’s law of magnetic circuit, and the mathematical model of damping force is established. Based on this, the important geometric parameters of the damper are determined. The finite element method is used to simulate the magnetic field of the damper, and the output performance of the damper is numerically simulated. The dynamic performance test system of the damper is set up to test the designed damper, and the test data and numerical simulation results are verified with each other. The results show that the damping force peak and dynamic regulation range of the damper designed in this article are higher than those of the traditional porous foam metal magnetorheological fluid damper with magnetic core, which effectively improves the mechanical properties of the magnetorheological fluid damper with porous foam metal.
Design, experiment, and verification of a heating and insulation structure for the piezoelectric stack
Authors: Li Yang , Shen Xing , Kou Xiping , Yu Li
Published: January 2020

In the low-temperature environment, temperature reduction affects the properties and actuation performance of the piezoelectric stack. To solve this problem, a practical and effective heating and insulation structure, based on the working characteristics of the piezoelectric stack, is proposed in this article. Thermal conductivity models of the piezoelectric stack under two heating modes—whole heating and local heating—are developed and validated by finite element simulation analysis. The heating and insulation structure has been built according to the theoretical model, and the experimental test is conducted to measure the temperature and property variation of the piezoelectric stack, as well as its actuation performance with ambient temperature drop. The experimental results show that the theoretical and simulation results are consistent with the experimental results, as the maximum temperature difference between them is 4.3°C, which indicates the correctness and accuracy of the theoretical and finite element models. Besides, the properties and the actuation performance are almost unchanged within the range from 10°C to −70°C, which verifies the effectiveness and feasibility of the heating and insulation structure. Consequently, this structure can be redesigned according to the principles proposed in this article, and widely used in protecting piezoelectric stacks of different sizes and low-temperature environments; the application range of the piezoelectric stack can also be extended to lower temperatures.
Lipid-Lowering Therapy and Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C) Goal Achievement in High-Cardiovascular-Risk Patients in Fuzhou, China
Authors: Wang Xing , He Yan , Wang Tao , Li Chunming , Ma Zihui , Zhang Heng , Ma Handong , Zhao Hongxin
Published: January 2020

Purpose:

This study aims to analyze the treatment patterns and goal attainment of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) among patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and diabetes mellitus (DM) in the real-world setting in Fuzhou, China.

Methods:

Patients aged ≥20 years with a valid LDL-C measurement (index date) in 2016 were selected from National Healthcare Big Data in Fuzhou, China. Patients were stratified into mutually exclusive cardiovascular risk categories: ASCVD (including recent acute coronary syndrome [ACS], chronic coronary heart disease [CHD], stroke, and peripheral arterial disease [PAD]), and DM alone (without ASCVD). Lipid-modifying medication and LDL-C attainment at the index date were assessed.

Results:

A total of 21 989 patients met the inclusion criteria, including 17 320 (78.8%) with ASCVD and 4669 (21.2%) with DM alone; 47.7% of patients received current statin therapy in the overall cohort (53.5% in ASCVD, 26.5% for DM); 20.5% ASCVD population achieved LDL-C target with the highest in patients with recent ACS (33.8%), followed by chronic CHD (21.2%), PAD (20.9%), and ischemic stroke (17.3%); 49.0% of patients with DM achieved LDL-C target. Higher LDL-C attainment was observed in high-intensity statin and a combination of statin and nonstatin groups. Atorvastatin was the most commonly used statin with the highest LDL-C attainment, followed by rosuvastatin.

Conclusion:

Compared with previous studies in China, our study found a relatively low statin use and LDL-C target attainment, but higher than similar studies in Europe. Guidelines should be well complied and more prescription of high-intensity statin or statin and nonstatin combination should be advocated.
The Contact Zone and Dialogical Positionalities in “Non-Normative” Childhoods: How Children Who Language Broker Manage Conflict
Authors: Crafter Sarah , Iqbal Humera
Published: January 2020

This article examines the processes by which different dialogical positionalities are taken in the contact zone. The contact zone provides a framework for the consideration of potential confrontations and uncertainties during intercultural contacts between migrant children, their family, and another adult. The other adult is usually someone in a position of authority. For young people who language broker, managing the uncertainties and confrontations of conflictual situations highlighted three positionalities: (a) “conflict avoider,” (b) “the neutral or passive broker,” and (c) the “active broker.” The contact zone was a sphere of experience that opened up possibilities for agentic action as well as constraints. The contact zone had the potential to foreground different aspects of their status such as “the child,” “the immigrant,” or the second-language speaker. Equally, the young people took opportunities to utilize these statuses as part of their dialogical positionalities to get the best outcome for them and/or their families. We argue that further exploration of the contact zone within the framing of dialogical positionalities can enable better understanding of critical cultural-development childhoods.
Using Outliers for Theory Building
Authors: Gibbert Michael , Nair Lakshmi Balachandran , Weiss Matthias , Hoegl Martin
Published: January 2020

Outliers are promising candidates for theory building because they defy expected cause-and-effect relationships. Nonetheless, researchers often treat them as a nuisance and exclude them from further study. In fact, our analysis founds only two article using outliers for theory development in all quantitative articles published from 1993 to 2012 in six major management journals, and less than 5% cared to even mention them (relaying reasons for deleting them, mostly). To rectify this, we provide a roadmap for empirical researchers interested in theory building.
Efficacy of a No-Team Version of the Good Behavior Game in High School Classrooms
Authors: Ford W. Blake , Radley Keith C. , Tingstrom Daniel H. , Dufrene Brad A.
Published: January 2020

Disruptive behavior (DB) negatively affects the learning process in various ways, interfering with the educational process of individual students, the teacher, and/or the class as a whole. Group contingency interventions, such as the Good Behavior Game (GBG), are often used classwide to provide teachers with evidence-based management strategies while improving student behavior. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of a streamlined, no-teams version of the GBG in general education high school classrooms. Although the GBG has been assessed in a variety of settings, it has limited empirical evidence for use with secondary-level students, indicating a significant need for such an evaluation. The effects of the intervention were determined with an A/B/A/B single-case withdrawal design in three classrooms (ninth, 10th, and 11th grades). The results of the study indicated that the no-team version of the GBG was effective at reducing levels of DB and increasing levels of academic engagement in each classroom. Furthermore, the intervention procedures were found to be acceptable to each of the teachers, indicating that the streamlined version of the GBG is an efficient and effective strategy for improving student behavior in high school classrooms.
Evaluation of physicochemical and tribological properties of chaulmoogra (Hydnocarpus wightianus) oil as green lubricant base stock
Authors: Salaji S , Jayadas NH
Published: January 2020

Due to environmental concerns, natural oils are increasingly being used as an alternative to mineral oil-based products such as lubricants. However, the use of edible oil for industrial application adversely affects their availability for edible purposes. Chaulmoogra oil is a non-edible oil obtained from the seeds of chaulmoogra tree that grows in wastelands. The fatty acid constituents of vegetable oils determine their properties. Presence of long-chain cyclic fatty acids like chaulmoogric acid, hydnocarpic acid and gorlic acid distinguishes chaulmoogra oil from other oils. Research on how cyclic fatty acids influence the properties of vegetable oils and affect their efficacy as base oils for lubricants is scarce in the literature. This paper presents a preliminary evaluation of the physicochemical, viscometric, oxidative and tribological properties of chaulmoogra oil as a lubricant base stock. Gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy methods were used for structure elucidation. The viscometric analysis was conducted by using Brookfield viscometer. The tribological performance was evaluated by a four-ball apparatus as per ASTM D4172-94. Thermal and oxidative stabilities were evaluated by thermogravimetric/differential thermal analysis in nitrogen and oxygen environments. Pour point was assessed by ASTM D97 method and differential scanning calorimetry. Chaulmoogra oil has a viscosity of 9.2 cSt at 100 ℃ and a viscosity index of 166. Though the coefficient of friction was better than a commercial lubricant of similar viscosity range (SAE 20W40), the wear scar diameter was comparatively higher. Addition of antiwear additive zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate showed considerable improvement in the wear performance of chaulmoogra oil. Chaulmoogra oil showed a high pour point value around 15 ℃ which needs to be improved by appropriate pour point depressants. Environmental advantage, coupled with non-edible nature of chaulmoogra oil, makes it an excellent base stock for lubricants.