bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF MYCORRHIZAL INOCULATION AND SUBSTRATE COMPOSITION ON SEEDLING GROWTH OF TWO ATLANTIC FOREST TREE SPECIES
Authors: Oliveira Júnior Joel Quintino , Silva Ana Caroline Rodrigues da , Silveira Paulo Victor Moreira da , Jesus Ederson Conceição , Pereira Marcos Gervasio Gervasio
Published: October 2019

The search for more efficient biotechnological tools for forest regeneration has increased over the past decades. Mycorrhizal inoculation is a valuable strategy to promote seedling growth, but its efficiency depends on the substrate used. This study aimed to investigate the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal inoculation and different types of substrates on the growth of Pseudobombax grandiflorum and Apuleia leiocarpa seedlings. Experiments were carried out under greenhouse conditions in a completely randomized 6 × 2 factorial design (six substrates and two inoculation levels) with six replications of 12 treatments. Both species showed similar growth patterns. Plants grown in inoculated substrates composed of 70% Cambisol and 30% bovine manure or 80% Cambisol and 20% Biomix showed improved nutritional status. These substrates had good physical and chemical characteristics (pH and P and N levels), which favored plant development and mycorrhizal symbiosis. P. grandiflorum seedlings showed enhanced growth in inoculated substrate composed of 80% Cambisol and 20% Biomix and in inoculated Cambisol fertilized with P. For A. leiocarpa, the best results were observed for seedlings grown in inoculated substratescomposed of 80% Cambisol and 20% Biomix, 70% Cambisol and 30% bovine manure, or Cambisol fertilized with P.
PRODUCTIVE REGIONAL CONCENTRATION IN THE STATE OF PARANÁ: CASE STUDY OF NON-WOOD FOREST PRODUCTS
Authors: Corrêa Bittencourt Keila , De Paula Thiago Rodrigues , Juazeiro dos Santos Anadalvo , Tuyoshi Hosokawa Roberto , Hoeflich Vitor Afonso
Published: October 2019

The non-wood forest products (NWFPs) have significant productive potential in the State of Paraná, Brazil. In this paper we analyzed the five NWFPs most representative in the state:. Yerba mate, Palmito (Pupunha, Juçara and Real), Pinion, Resin and Latex. The results showed that although many municipalities participate at some level in their production, there are concentration when analyzing the Paraná mesoregions. That is, there is a concentration of production in the middle region west andsoutheast to the Yerba Mate, in the Curitiba metropolitan middle region for the production of Palmito and  all mesoregions  have a significant production of pinion. The Curitiba metropolitan mesoregion participates with most of theproduction of resin and mesoregion Northwest with the highest production of latex. The importance of the study comes of the lack of public policies to assist, direct and oversee the production and marketing of  NWFPs, which generates a suboptimal result from the point of sustenaible develompment. In conclusion it has to be a regional analysis using Quotient Locational, both for production and for the production value, has proved a valuable tool to characterize the Paraná mesoregions about their participation in the production of non wood forest products in the State of Paraná and to identify the productive potential of NWFPs. Thus, current and future actions os state government and all other stakeholders in order development regional into may make use of this analysis as part of its planning, in order to allow society to benefit from the development of NWFPs in the state.
GROWTH OF Schizolobium amazonicum (Huber ex Ducke) SEEDLINGS INOCULATED WITH ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI
Authors: De Andrade Alyce Vanessa Nunes , Santana Jhonata Santos , Da Silva Jeferson Pereira , Rodrigues da Silva Thayllon Ferro , Lima Yasmim Maria Wolfart , Da Silva Wilson Araújo
Published: October 2019

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) occur in large numbers of plant species, especially in tree plants, and are present in almost all tropical soils. Their inoculation enables faster seedling growth and a higher survival rate in the nursery, thereby anticipating the transplant to the field. Despite these advantages, there is little information available on the efficiency obtained from the combination of different mycorrhizal species. In view of this, this work had the objective to evaluate the development of Paricá (Schizolobium amazonicum) seedlings from the association with different combinations of AMF species: Rhizoglomus clarus, Claroideoglomus etunicatum and Gigaspora margarita, isolated and combined under greenhouse conditions. The design was completely randomized, with seven treatments and fifteen replications, totaling one hundred and five experimental units. Three evaluations were carried out during the experiment at 30, 60, 90 days after sowing. The evaluated variables were plant height (H), stem diameter (SD), number of leaves (NL), fresh shoot weight (FSW), dry shoot weight (DSW) fresh root weight (FRW), dry root weight (DRW), height/diameter ratio (H/D) and Dickson Quality Index (DQI). It was found that there was a significant response of the treatments studied at a 5% probability level for most of the evaluated parameters. The results obtained in the present work allowed to conclude that the use of a mixed inoculation of Rhizoglomus clarus + Gigaspora margarita promoted better development and growth in Paricá plants under greenhouse conditions.
SEED MORPHOBIOMETRY AND GERMINATION OF Sesbania punicea (Cav.) Benth. AND Sesbania virgata (Cav.) Pers.
Authors: Duarte Manoela Mendes , Milani Jaçanan Eloísa de Freitas , Oliveira Thiago Wendling Goncalves de , Blum Christopher Thomas , Nogueira Antonio Carlos
Published: October 2019

Belonging to the family Fabaceae, Sesbania punicia and S. virgata are characterized by their ecological potential in the recovery of degraded areas. The present study aimed to describe the physical, morphobiometric characteristics of seeds, the germination phases and the initial development of S. punicia and S. virgata seedlings, as well as the germination behavior of seeds at different temperatures and substrates. For the physical characterization of seeds, the weight of one thousand seeds, number of seeds per kilogram, dry biomass of one thousand seeds and the moisture content were determined. To evaluate the effect of substrate and temperature on germination, the experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, using a 3 x 3 factorial scheme, three substrates (sand, vermiculite and blotting paper) and three temperatures (20, 25 and 30 °C). The following factors were evaluated: germination percentage, germination speed index, mean germination time and synchronization index. S. punicea presented 13,243 seeds and S. virgata presented 14,414 seeds per kilogram, with moisture content of 14.5 and 7.9 %, respectively. Both species present similar morphobiometry and seedling development. For S. punicea, the blotting paper substrate and the temperature of 25 °C were most efficient for germination. For S. virgata, all treatments were effective for germination.
OPTIMIZED PLANNING OF ASSORTMENT PRODUCTION IN FOREST STANDS
Authors: Fiorentin Luan Demarco , Arce Julio Eduardo , Pelissari Allan Libanio , Miranda Rodrigo Otávio Veiga de , Freitas Thaís Wisniewski de
Published: October 2019

This study aimed to evaluated two optimized planning strategies and analyze their performance in timber production. Data were obtained in Pinus spp. stands from a forestry company with unbalanced planted area over time. Maximization models of forest production (1) and net present value (2) were formulated and two minimization objective functions of the production deviation (3) and minimum and maximum production oscillation (4) were tested as alternatives to the traditional models. The highest thinning and clearcutting average areas were obtained in strategy 1. Strategies 1 and 2 resulted in the greatest variability of forestry operations. All strategies resulted in the highest timber production for sawn and special sawn wood and the lowest for veneer, while the pulpwood volume was almost constant. Strategies 1 and 2 provided the highest average timber volume and the greatest variability in the production, while strategies 3 and 4 were more efficient, since they supplied the industrial demand with homogeneous production.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF THE SPATIAL RELASHIONSHIP OF CAATINGA AND PHYSIOGRAPHIC FACTORS THROUGH REMOTE DATA
Authors: Jesus Janisson Batista de , Ribeiro Mariana Mizutani , Kuplich Tatiana Mora , Souza Bruno Barros de , Gama Dráuzio Correia
Published: October 2019

The caatinga is characteristic of the semi-arid region of Brazil, of significant coverage in the northeast of the country and, therefore, geoprocessing and statistical techniques can be important tools to analyze the environmental factors associated with its distribution. The present study had the objective of analyzing the relationship of: altimetry, slope, soil type and river proximity in the spatial distribution of the caatinga vegetation, using a database generated by geoprocessing techniques. NDVI was used, and statistical analysis was based on multiple regression and Pearson's correlation. The results show that the weather station is the only variable that presented a high determination coefficient with the caatinga vegetation (R2 = 0.956), while the other independent variables have weak or nonexistent correlation. With the techniques of geoprocessing was allowed to observe that the Caatinga has a generalist spatial distribution of occurrence, not having a defined pattern.
Binocular decompensation and diplopia after refractive laser surgery
Authors: Vikesdal Gro Horgen , Jeber Kathinka
Published: October 2019

An increasing number of people undergo refractive surgery, and even if the refractive result after surgery is perfect, the outcome is not always successful. Decompensation of binocular vision anomalies is rarely mentioned in reports considering the outcome of refractive surgery. This report presents 4 cases with binocular vision problems after refractive laser surgery. The patients were referred to the eye department of a Norwegian hospital after having received refractive laser surgery. All patients were male adults. For all patients the reason for referral was intermittent or constant binocular diplopia. Examinations were performed according to standard procedures of the hospital eye department. Two patients were diagnosed with decompensated esodeviations; they both had a history of treatment for accommodative esotropia. One patient had unstable binocular vision of unknown cause, and one had a decompensated congenital trochlear nerve paresis. Some binocular vision problems can be foreseen with proper evaluation before surgery. A thorough history and binocular evaluation are recommended before initiating refractive laser surgery.
El inicio de la protección de la naturaleza en España orígenes y balance de la conservación
Authors: Santamarina Campos Beatriz
Published: October 2019

En este artículo realizamos una aproximación sociohistórica al primer movimiento conservacionista español, acercándonos a sus raíces y a las lógicas que se pusieron en funcionamiento para la protección de las primeras áreas protegidas. El periodo de revisión lo centramos desde la Ley de creación de los parques nacionales (1916) hasta la Segunda República, cerrando con la Guerra Civil (1936). Al final del texto sintetizamos las principales aportaciones de esta inicial patrimonialización de la naturaleza, viendo sus contribuciones y sus limitaciones. A modo de conclusión, sostenemos que algunos de los elementos decimonónicos que inspiraron la conservación de la naturaleza siguen vigentes, por lo que podemos rastrear rasgos que todavía perviven en las declaratorias de áreas protegidas cien años después. Eso sí, redefinidos, reinterpretados y recontextualizados.
Non-Governmental Organisations Personnel, Social Workers and Religious Leaders’ Perspectives on the Risk Factors of Alcohol Abuse Amongst the Youth: The Case of the Northern Region of the Republic of Namibia
Authors: Frank Rapholo Selelo , Jabulani Calvin Makhubele , Agnes Ananias Janetta , Anesu Svinurai , Winnie Hasheela Miriam , Ndanyakuwa Ilonga Hamuse Tiberia , Johanna Freeman Rachel , Prudence Mafa , Koketso Matlakala Frans , Namoonga Chilwalo Beatrice
Published: October 2019

This qualitative study aimed to explore and describe the perceptions of Non-Governmental Organisations personnel, social workers and religious leaders on the risk factors of alcohol abuse amongst youth in the Northern region of the Republic of Namibia. In order to pursue this aim, a multiple case study design was used. Substance abuse is a predominant social and health problem which calls the attention of different partners from different disciplines across the globe to address it. Substance abuse, in particular, alcohol abuse is a global concern particularly amongst youth. Youth indulge in alcohol abuse due to numerous risk factors. Semi-structured interviews were used with Non-Governmental Organisations personnel, religious leaders and social workers who were purposively selected. Findings revealed familial, the environmental and community based and socio-economic factors as predisposing youth at Oshikango to indulge in alcohol abuse. It is therefore concluded that there are lot of opportunities at the Northern region of Namibia which predispose youth to engage in alcohol abuse. Thus, stakeholders need to develop integrated strategies to fight the abuse of alcohol amongst youth in the Northern region of Namibia.
A Comparative Research on Proving: The Case of Prospective Mathematics Teachers
Authors: Oflaz Gülçin , Polat Kübra , Özgül Duygu Altaylı , Alcaide Mario , Carrillo José
Published: October 2019

It is of critical importance, in particular, for mathematics teachers who will teach future generations to understand and do mathematical proofs. It is important to determine future teachers' beliefs about and difficulties with proofs because their knowledge of this issue affects their teaching. This study aims to determine and compare the proof schemes of prospective mathematics teachers from two state universities, one in Turkey and the other in Spain. The case study was conducted within this study. The participants were 51 prospective teachers at their second year from the department of teaching mathematics education at Huelva University in Spain and 45 prospective teachers from the department of teaching mathematics education at Cumhuriyet University in Turkey. The Proof Test consisted of four questions about proofs for parallelograms. Semi-structured interviews were subsequently conducted to investigate the prospective teachers’ responses in-depth. The findings suggest that prospective teachers from Turkey and Spain indicated affinity in proving. The majority of the prospective mathematics teachers were either unable to complete the proof or completed the proof in an inaccurate way.
PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES OF INTERGENERATIONAL KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER IN CONTEMPORARY ENTERPRISES. FINDINGS
Authors: Dziadek Katarzyna
Published: October 2019

The aim of the article is to show how much enterprises are aware of the need to implement the intergenerational transfer of knowledge model. As a result of the review of available literature and conducted research, an attempt was made to show how diverse teams composed of representatives of different generations are formed, which is an opportunity to obtain an optimal combination of competences and efficiency of such teams. The obtained results allowed for the formulation of several important recommendations. In the first place, it is necessary to increase the awareness of the managerial staff in the field of functioning in the intergenerational transfer of knowledge, showing the opportunities, as well as the dangers posed by these solutions. Secondly, it is necessary to refine the general organization’s strategy in the area of diversifying human resources. Thirdly, it is necessary to review the hitherto used methods of knowledge transfer and their adaptation to the conditions of intergenerational knowledge exchange. Finally, fourthly - it should be remembered that intergenerational knowledge transfer processes are favored by the organizational culture focused on cooperation and the creation of multi-generational task teams.
STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT OF A MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISE ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE COMPANY SELECT COMFORT SP. Z O.O. CASE STUDY
Authors: Socha Dariusz , Humeńczuk Aleksandra
Published: October 2019

An important feature of the market economy is the freedom of economic activity of entities operating on this market. Therefore, the way of managing a market economy is characterized by high efficiency, as well as the ability to constantly adapt new knowledge resources and social wisdom. In implementing this principle, the company should strive to achieve better results through the effective use of economic resources and the use of improvements in technological processes as well as work organization. An aid in defining this objective is to determine the enterprise’s possibilities of operation based on the study of the environment and internal operation of the enterprise. In company management, a strategic analysis of the company is required. The aim of the article is an attempt at strategic analysis of the company Select Comfort sp. O.o. in Kłodzko on selected examples. Enterprises operating in a market economy are burdened with a great responsibility connected with the necessity of continuous development, and hence an increase in the demand for strategic analysis as a basis for well thought-out decisions. Information derived from strategic analysis is the basis for getting to know and assessing facts and economic phenomena, as well as developing ways to improve the operations of the unit.
THE CONCEPT OF BUSINESS MODEL – BIBLIOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS
Authors: Czart Paweł
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this article is to attempt to identify areas of scientific exploration in terms of the concept of a business model. Therefore, the article presents the results of the conducted analysis for which the content analysis method was used. As a result of the findings, it was found that the business model is constantly in the interest of scientists, which is confirmed by the growing number of thematic publications. In addition, it was also found that there are areas that require complementing concepts for further exploration in search of a research gap.
Legenda Automática do YouTube: essa inteligência artificial atende aos usuários?
Authors: Félix Arinos Victor , Furlan Karina , Maciel Cristiano , Selbach Silveira Milene
Published: October 2019

A popularização das mídias sociais nos últimos anos aumentou o número e a variação dos conteúdos encontrados na internet, facilitando a disseminação. Dentre estas mídias, o YouTube se destaca pela diversidade de temas e linguagens no seu conteúdo. Dessa forma, este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a usabilidade e user experience da ferramenta de Criação de Conteúdo do YouTube para legendas automáticas através da aplicação de um Percurso Cognitivo, AttrakDiff e Estudo de Campo, avaliando as experiências dos usuários e propondo correções para os problemas. Além disso, os resultados e métodos são comparados, avaliando a eficácia dos mesmos e a relação da satisfação dos usuários com as dificuldades.
Die Nutzung von Land nach römischem Recht
Authors: Griese Lennart
Published: October 2019

The author examines the use of land, a legal subject of existential significance in the Roman Empire as well as today. In an interdisciplinary approach, the author raises three central questions relating to Roman law: What were the most relevant legal forms of land use, and how were they shaped in the context of societal and economic realities? In what way did the Romans practice a legal science? How can the examination contribute to possible solutions for today’s questions on land law and land policy? The answers lead to a well-founded and differentiated understanding of the use of land. They are based on an analysis of the historical legal sources and the writings of the Roman land surveyors.
Archivos familiares y cultura escrita en los albores de la Edad Contemporánea
Authors: Fernández Valdivieso José Luis
Published: October 2019

El presente trabajo pretende poner en valor los archivos familiares como fuente de investigación para la cultura escrita en los siglos XVIII y XIX. Para ello, el autor reflexiona sobre las posibilidades que ofrecen los archivos de las medianas oligarquías, muy numerosos y desconocidos, a la par que mal organizados, tomando como referencia el Archivo de los Marqueses de Corvera, aglutinado en torno al linaje de los Bustos, que a su vez contiene diversos archivos de familias de diferentes niveles sociales. Se presta especial atención a la transmisión de la cultura escrita en el seno del linaje a través de las mandas testamentarias, el uso profesional de la cultura escrita en las administraciones familiares y el nivel cultural de las diferentes clases sociales relacionadas con dichas administraciones, que se observa fundamentalmente en la correspondencia, las cuentas presentadas por los administradores y los inventarios de bienes de las viviendas.

The present work intends to value the family archives as a source of research for the written culture in the XVIII and XIX centuries. For this, the author reflects on the possibilities offered by the archives of the medium oligarchies, very numerous and unknown, at the same time poorly organized, taking as reference the Archive of the Marquises of Corvera, united around the lineage of the Bustos, which in turn contains various files of families of different social levels. Special attention is paid to the transmission of written culture within the lineage through testamentary trusts, the professional use of written culture in family administrations and the cultural level of the different social classes related to these administrations, which it observes mainly in the correspondence, the accounts presented by the administrators and the inventories of goods of the houses.
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF DOMESTIC APPLE CIDER VINEGAR
Authors: KALABA Vesna , MARJANOVIĆ BALABAN Željka , KALABA Dragana
Published: October 2019

In recent years, interest in examining the chemical composition andpharmacological properties of apple cider vinegar in synergy with the applicationof natural products in the pharmaceutical, food and cosmetics industry has beengrowing. The apple vinegar shows a wide range of biological activities(antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive,immune-stimulatory, anticancer) and it has been used in traditional medicine for along time. It consists of 8 essential amino acids (phenylalanine, isoleucine, leucine,lysine, methionine, threonine, tryptophan and valine), organic acids, enzymes,minerals (potassium, calcium, phosphorus, copper, grape and boron) and vitamins(provitamin C, vitamin A, E, B1, B2, B6, vitamin P and provitamin Beta-carotene).The aim of the study was to examine the antibacterial activity of traditionallyproduced apple cider vinegar and to determine whether it exhibits bactericidal orbacteriostatic activity. The results of the study confirmed the antibacterial activityof apple cider vinegar produced with the traditional method. Its antibacterialactivity is in the range of 11.33mm to 14mm.
MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY, ANTIOXIDATIVE AND ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF SLOVENIAN BEE POLLEN
Authors: ŠIMUNOVIĆ Katarina , ABRAMOVIČ Helena , LILEK Nataša , ANGELOVA Marija , PODRŽAJ Lucija , SMOLE MOŽINA Sonja
Published: October 2019

Bee pollen can be considered as perfect food with a great nutritional value, highprotein and essential amino acid content, vitamins and minerals. It can be a sourceof healthy nutrients, but as an animal product also of harmful microbialcontaminants. The aim of our study was to determine potential health risks andbenefits of Slovenian bee pollen. We determined its i) microbiological burden:aerobic mesophilic microorganisms, yeast, molds, and coliform bacteria in CFU/g;ii) polyphenolic content: the Folin-Ciocalteu method (mgGA/g); iii) antioxidativepotential (AOP): DPPH• scavenging assay (EC50 in mgGA/L); and iv)antimicrobial activity (MIC): microdilution method on Escherichia coli, Listeriamonocytogenes and Campylobacter jejuni. We analyzed 14 samples of bee pollengathered from 7 Slovenian geographical regions, from April until May 2017. Themicrobiological burden was high, with all indicator tests reaching up to 6.78log10CFU/g of bee pollen, but the number of coliform bacteria in all samples from2.00 to 4.48 log10CFU/g. The polyphenolic content and AOP of the samples wasgood, with up to 13.1 mg GA/g and as low as 2.4 mgGA/L (EC50), respectively.Interestingly, antimicrobial activity was not always in correlation withpolyphenolic content, but always strongly against E. coli, substantial against C.jejuni, and negligible against L. monocytogenes. Our results show a great healthpotential of bee pollen for human health, but also the need of bee pollen processingimprovement for its standardized quality and safety.
SECURITY MEASURES ORIENTED TOWARD THE PERPETRATORS OF VIOLENT CRIMES IN THE REPUBLIKA SRPSKA
Authors: Vrućinić Žana
Published: October 2019

Violence, as a destructive form of behavior, has always beenpresent in interactive relationships. Legislation defines certain forms of itsmanifestation as offenses and provides for appropriate criminal sanctions. TheCriminal Code of Republika Srpska retained the solutions from the Law onAmendments and Supplements to the 2013 Criminal Code of Republika Srpska,when certain novelties were introduced regarding criminal legal responses toviolent crimes. This paper addresses personality traits in individuals who commitviolent crimes, as well as security measures oriented toward the perpetrators ofviolent crimes in the criminal legislation of Republika Srpska.
Translating News Texts During Wars and Conflicts: Challenges and Strategies
Authors: Mhamdi Chaker
Published: October 2019

This paper examines the characteristics of news translation during wars and conflicts. There is limited research available concerning the issues of English-Arabic news translation, especially during conflicts. Based on an analysis of 11 CNN news headlines and Al-Jazeera parallel translations during the 2003 Iraq War, this study discusses the mechanics of news translation and interpretation and the strategies and challenges involved. Particularly, the paper explores news translation in the context of global information flows across the boundaries of space, language and culture. Building on existing research on news translation, and employing critical discourse and framing analyses, the study shows how news coverage of the Iraq War was framed to serve the competing narratives of war chroniclers as active participants in the conflict.
A Look at Tok Pisin save: A Lexical Verb and an Aspectual Marker in a Cultural Context
Authors: Kornacki Paweł
Published: October 2019

This paper studies a common Tok Pisin lexical verb and auxiliary save ‘know’; ‘habitual’, respectively, and its prominent uses in examples of social interaction described in one section of the Wantok magazine and a Papua New Guinean writer’s short narrative. The linguistic material examined here seems to point to the semantic category of ‘social relationship nouns’ (SRNs) as relevant to the contextually and culturally adequate understanding of the examined examples of Tok Pisin usage.
Norrisanima miocaena, a new generic name and redescription of a stem balaenopteroid mysticete (Mammalia, Cetacea) from the Miocene of California
Authors: Leslie Matthew S. , Peredo Carlos Mauricio , Pyenson Nicholas D.
Published: October 2019

Rorqual whales are among the most species rich group of baleen whales (or mysticetes) alive today, yet the monophyly of the traditional grouping (i.e., Balaenopteridae) remains unclear. Additionally, many fossil mysticetes putatively assigned to either Balaenopteridae or Balaenopteroidea may actually belong to stem lineages, although many of these fossil taxa suffer from inadequate descriptions of fragmentary skeletal material. Here we provide a redescription of the holotype of Megaptera miocaena, a fossil balaenopteroid from the Monterey Formation of California, which consists of a partial cranium, a fragment of the rostrum, a single vertebra, and both tympanoperiotics. Kellogg (1922) assigned the type specimen to the genus Megaptera Gray (1846), on the basis of its broad similarities to distinctive traits in the cranium of extant humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae (Borowski, 1781)). Subsequent phylogenetic analyses have found these two species as sister taxa in morphological datasets alone; the most recent systematic analyses using both molecular and morphological data sets place Megaptera miocaena as a stem balaenopteroid unrelated to humpback whales. Here, we redescribe the type specimen of Megaptera miocaena in the context of other fossil balaenopteroids discovered nearly a century since Kellogg’s original description and provide a morphological basis for discriminating it from Megaptera novaeangliae. We also provide a new generic name and recombine the taxon as Norrisanima miocaena, gen. nov., to reflect its phylogenetic position outside of crown Balaenopteroidea, unrelated to extant Megaptera. Lastly, we refine the stratigraphic age of Norrisanima miocaena, based on associated microfossils to a Tortonian age (7.6–7.3 Ma), which carries implications for understanding the origin of key features associated with feeding and body size evolution in this group of whales.
Effect on hand kinematics when using assistive devices during activities of daily living
Authors: Roda-Sales Alba , Vergara Margarita , Sancho-Bru Joaquín L. , Gracia-Ibáñez Verónica , Jarque-Bou Néstor J.
Published: October 2019

Assistive devices (ADs) are products intended to overcome the difficulties produced by the reduction in mobility and grip strength entailed by ageing and different pathologies. Nevertheless, there is little information about the effect that the use of these devices produces on hand kinematics. Thus, the aim of this work is to quantify this effect through the comparison of kinematic parameters (mean posture, ROM, median velocity and peak velocity) while performing activities of daily living (ADL) using normal products and ADs. Twelve healthy right-handed subjects performed 11 ADL with normal products and with 17 ADs wearing an instrumented glove on their right hand, 16 joint angles being recorded. ADs significantly affected hand kinematics, although the joints affected differed according to the AD. Furthermore, some pattern effects were identified depending on the characteristics of the handle of the ADs, namely, handle thickening, addition of a handle to products that initially did not have one, extension of existing handles or addition of handles to apply higher torques. An overview of the effects of these design characteristics on hand kinematics is presented as a basis for the selection of the most suitable AD depending on the patient’s impairments.
Fluctuation and diversity of Hydromedusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria) in a highly productive region of the Gulf of Mexico inferred from high frequency plankton sampling
Authors: Pruski Sarah , Miglietta Maria Pia
Published: October 2019

Hydrozoa medusae undergo blooms and seasonal fluctuations; however the drivers of such fluctuations are unknown. To understand how medusa populations fluctuate in response to seasonal factors such as temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and chlorophyll a, and to enhance our taxonomic knowledge of Hydrozoa in Galveston Bay (TX), we performed frequent plankton sampling from September 2015 to September 2016. We collected 1,321 medusae in 190 sampling days. Using molecular barcoding and morphological analyses we identified 25 species, of which 21 are a first record for Galveston Bay and eight for the Gulf of Mexico. Daily medusa abundance is non-linearly related to temperature, with peak abundance estimated with multivariate regression analysis at approximately 21C. The role that temperature plays in driving medusa abundance has implications for future climate change scenarios, given that temperature in the Gulf of Mexico is expected to rise 4 °C by the end of the century. We also show that the biodiversity of the Galveston Bay and the Gulf of Mexico is underestimated and that molecular barcoding is an important and efficient tool to identify large number of medusae. We conclude that dense plankton sampling is necessary to capture both diversity and abundance of planktonic medusae.
Temporal Trends of Mortality in The City of Lagarto, Northeast of Brazil / Tendências Temporais da Mortalidade no Município de Lagarto, Nordeste do Brasil
Authors: Santos Rodrigo Jesus , Almeida Lima Shirley Verônica Melo , Santos Márcio Bezerra , Santos Allan Dantas
Published: October 2019

Objetivo: Analisar as tendências temporais e o perfil epidemiológico das principais causas de mortalidade em residentes do município de Lagarto, Sergipe, entre 2006 a 2015. Métodos: Estudo epidemiológico, descritivo e de série histórica, através de dados secundários dos óbitos notificados no Sistema de Informação de Mortalidade (SIM). A análise das tendências temporais foi realizada pelo Programa Joinpoint Regression obtendo-se a variação percentual anual (APC) das taxas de mortalidade por meio da regressão Possion. Resultados: Foram notificados 5.586 óbitos, com predomínio do sexo masculino e idosos, 58% e 59,61% respectivamente. Observou-se um aumento da taxa de mortalidade geral de 1,58% ao ano (IC95%: 0,5 a 2,6; p=0,01). Somente as taxas de mortalidade infantil (TMI) e de seus componentes apresentaram tendências decrescentes. Conclusão: Apesar da tendência decrescente das TMI, as mesmas requerem ações especializada, bem como para a redução da mortalidade por doenças crônicas. Descritores: Epidemiologia; Mortalidade; Estudo de Séries Temporais.
A Simple Electrode‐Level Chemical Presodiation Route by Solution Spraying to Improve the Energy Density of Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Liu Xiaoxiao , Tan Yuchen , Liu Tongchao , Wang Wenyu , Li Chunhao , Lu Jun , Sun Yongming
Published: October 2019

The formation of a solid electrolyte interface (SEI) on the surface of a carbon anode consumes the active sodium ions from the cathode and reduces the energy density of sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). Herein, a simple electrode‐level presodiation strategy by spraying a sodium naphthaline (Naph‐Na) solution onto a carbon electrode is reported, which compensates the initial sodium loss and improves the energy density of SIBs. After presodiation, an SEI layer is preformed on the surface of carbon anode before battery cycling. It is shown that a large irreversible capacity of 60 mAh g−1 is replenished and 20% increase of the first‐cycle Coulombic efficiency is achieved for a hard carbon anode using this presodiation strategy, and the energy density of a Na0.9[Cu0.22Fe0.30Mn0.48]O2||carbon full cell is increased from 141 to 240 Wh kg−1 by using the presodiated carbon anode. This simple and scalable electrode‐level chemical presodiation route also shows generality and value for the presodiation of other anodes in SIBs.
Diffusion Limitation of Lithium Metal and Li–Mg Alloy Anodes on LLZO Type Solid Electrolytes as a Function of Temperature and Pressure
Authors: Krauskopf Thorben , Mogwitz Boris , Rosenbach Carolin , Zeier Wolfgang G. , Janek Jürgen
Published: October 2019

The morphological instability of the lithium metal anode is the key factor restricting the rate capability of lithium metal solid state batteries. During lithium stripping, pore formation takes place at the interface due to the slow diffusion kinetics of vacancies in the lithium metal. The resulting current focusing increases the internal cell resistance and promotes fast lithium penetration. In this work, galvanostatic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is used to investigate operando the morphological changes at the interface by analysis of the interface capacitances. Therewith, the effect of temperature, stack pressure, and chemical modification is investigated. The work demonstrates that introducing 10 at% Mg into the lithium metal anode can effectively prevent contact loss. Nevertheless, a fundamental kinetic limitation is also observed for the Li‐rich alloy, namely the diffusion controlled decrease of the lithium metal concentration at the interface. An analytical diffusion model is used to describe the temperature‐dependent delithiation kinetics of Li–Mg alloys. Overall, it is shown that different electrode design concepts should be considered. Mg alloying can increase lithium utilization, when no external pressure is applied while pure lithium metal is superior for setups that allow stack pressures in the MPa range.
Evidence‐Based Human Trafficking Policy: Opportunities to Invest in Trauma‐Informed Strategies
Authors: Scott J.Taylor , Ingram Alexandra M. , Nemer Shannon L. , Crowley D. Max
Published: October 2019

Highlights

The evidence‐based policy movement may present an opportunity for increasing the use of trauma‐informed practices.

The use of research evidence in human trafficking legislation, including references to trauma, has increased over time.

Legislation leveraging research methods or findings has the potential to implicitly support trauma‐informed care, especially because legislation that uses research language may be more likely to become enacted than legislation using trauma language.

Policies that require research processes such as program evaluation and evidence reviews to guide service delivery standards have the potential to support trauma‐informed practices in ways that are consistent with and adapt to the most current, evolving empirical base.
A prospective, multicenter study of low dose decitabine in adult patients with refractory immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Zhou Hai , Qin Ping , Liu Qiang , Yuan Chenglu , Hao Yunliang , Zhang Haiyan , Wang Zhencheng , Ran Xuehong , Chu Xiaoxia , Yu Wenzheng , Wang Xin , Hou Yu , Peng Jun , Hou Ming
Published: October 2019

We conducted a prospective, multicenter study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of low‐dose decitabine in adult patients with refractory immune thrombocytopenia. Adult patients who did not respond to, did not tolerate, or were unwilling to undergo splenectomy, with either a baseline platelet count less than 30 × 109/L or the presence of bleeding symptoms and further need of ITP‐specific treatments, were enrolled. Patients received decitabine at 3.5 mg/m2 intravenously for three consecutive days per cycle, for three cycles with a four‐week interval between cycles. All patients were assessed every week during the first 12 weeks and at four‐week intervals thereafter. We screened 49 patients for eligibility. Four patients were excluded and 45 received decitabine. At the end of decitabine treatment, complete response was achieved in eight patients (17.78%), and partial response was achieved in 15 patients (33.33%). The median time to initial response was 28 days (range, 14‐70 days). Furthermore, seven relapsed patients received decitabine retreatment and all showed platelet response, including one complete response and six partial responses. Sustained response rates at 6, 12 and 18 months were 44.44% (20/45), 31.11% (14/45) and 20.0% (9/45), respectively. For responders, immune thrombocytopenia‐related symptoms, fatigue, psychological health, fear, and overall quality of life were significantly improved. Adverse events were observed in 13 (28.89%) patients. No serious adverse events were recorded. In conclusion, low dose decitabine is potentially effective and safe in the management of adults with refractory immune thrombocytopenia. This trial is registered with clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT01568333.
Discovery of a Potent GLUT Inhibitor from a Library of Rapafucins by Using 3D Microarrays
Authors: Guo Zufeng , Cheng Zhiqiang , Wang Jingxin , Liu Wukun , Peng Hanjing , Wang Yuefan , Rao A. V. Subba , Li Ruo‐jing , Ying Xue , Korangath Preethi , Liberti Maria V. , Li Yingjun , Xie Yongmei , Hong Sam Y. , Schiene‐Fischer Cordelia , Fischer Gunter , Locasale Jason W. , Sukumar Saraswati , Zhu Heng , Liu Jun O.
Published: October 2019

Glucose transporters play an essential role in cancer cell proliferation and survival and have been pursued as promising cancer drug targets. Using microarrays of a library of new macrocycles known as rapafucins, which were inspired by the natural product rapamycin, we screened for new inhibitors of GLUT1. We identified multiple hits from the rapafucin 3D microarray and confirmed one hit as a bona fide GLUT1 ligand, which we named rapaglutin A (RgA). We demonstrate that RgA is a potent inhibitor of GLUT1 as well as GLUT3 and GLUT4, with an IC50 value of low nanomolar for GLUT1. RgA was found to inhibit glucose uptake, leading to a decrease in cellular ATP synthesis, activation of AMP‐dependent kinase, inhibition of mTOR signaling, and induction of cell‐cycle arrest and apoptosis in cancer cells. Moreover, RgA was capable of inhibiting tumor xenografts in vivo without obvious side effects. RgA could thus be a new chemical tool to study GLUT function and a promising lead for developing anticancer drugs.
Atomic‐Scale Visualization of the Stepwise Metal‐Mediated Dehalogenative Cycloaddition Reaction Pathways: Competition between Radicals and Organometallic Intermediates
Authors: Zhang Chi , Kazuma Emiko , Kim Yousoo
Published: October 2019

Dehalogenative cycloaddition reaction is a powerful strategy to generate new ring scaffolds with π‐conjugated features on a surface, and thus holds great promise toward atomically precise electronic devices or nanomaterials. The ortho‐dihalo substitution provides a good strategy to realize cycloaddition. However, the limited understanding of intermediate states involved hinders mechanistic exploration for further precise design and optimization of reaction products. Now, the evolutions of competing surface‐stabilized radicals and organometallic intermediates in real space were visualized toward the formation of dominant conjugated four‐membered ring connections. From the interplay of scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional theory calculations, the stepwise metal‐mediated dehalogenative cycloaddition pathway is elucidated both experimentally and theoretically. The results provide fundamental insights into the intermediate states involved in on‐surface synthesis.
Di‐tert‐butyldiphosphatetrahedran: Katalytische Synthese des freien Phosphaalkin‐Dimers
Authors: Hierlmeier Gabriele , Coburger Peter , Bodensteiner Michael , Wolf Robert
Published: October 2019

Die Tetrahedrane sind eine bisher nur wenig entwickelte Verbindungsklasse und insbesondere ist mit AsP3 bisher nur ein einziges neutrales, heteroatomares Tetrahedran bekannt. Hier berichten wir über die Synthese eines neutralen, molekularen X2Y2‐Tetraeders (X, Y=p‐Blockelemente), der gleichzeitig das erste Beispiel des seit langem postulierten freien Phosphaalkindimers ist. Di‐tert‐butyldiphosphatetrahedran, (tBuCP)2, lässt sich aus dem Monomer tBuCP in einer nickelkatalysierten Dimerisierungsreaktion unter Verwendung von [(NHC)Ni(CO)3] (NHC=1,3‐Bis(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)imidazolin‐2‐yliden (IMes) bzw. 1,3‐Bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)imidazolin‐2‐yliden (IPr)) als Katalysator darstellen. Die Einkristallröntgenstrukturanalyse eines Silber(I)‐komplexes bestätigt die tetraedrische Struktur. Der Einfluss des N‐heterocyclischen Carbenliganden auf die katalytische Reaktion wird diskutiert und auf Basis von synthetischen, kinetischen und quantenmechanischen Untersuchungen wird ein möglicher Bildungsmechanismus vorgestellt.
Enantioselective Dearomatization of Indoles by an Azoalkene‐Enabled (3+2) Reaction: Access to Pyrroloindolines
Authors: Mei Guang‐Jian , Tang Xiwen , Tasdan Yildiz , Lu Yixin
Published: October 2019

The enantioselective dearomatization of indoles by an organocatalytic (3+2) reaction has been established. The reaction makes use of simple indole derivatives as substrates, and employs azoalkenes reaction partners. A wide range of pyrroloindolines containing an all‐carbon quaternary stereogenic center were readily prepared in high yields and with excellent enantioselectivities.
Water‐Induced Growth of a Highly Oriented Mesoporous Graphitic Carbon Nanospring for Fast Potassium‐Ion Adsorption/Intercalation Storage
Authors: Qian Yong , Jiang Song , Li Yang , Yi Zheng , Zhou Jie , Tian Jie , Lin Ning , Qian Yitai
Published: October 2019

A highly oriented mesoporous graphitic carbon nanospring (OGCS) with graphitic layers that are perpendicular to the axis is prepared by hydrothermal treatment of epoxy resin at 500 °C and annealing at 1400 °C. Water plays an important role in not only forming the graphitic carbon nanospring with a high [002] orientation and a large amount of active edge‐plane sites, but also in the generation of the mesoporous structure, which facilitate fast K‐ion adsorption and diffusion. In situ and ex situ measurements confirm that OGCS undergoes K‐adsorption in mesopores and then K‐intercalation in the graphite layer to form KC8 with a low discharge voltage. The spring‐like nanostructure can expand one‐dimensionally along the axial direction to accommodate the volume variation. The OGCS electrode thus shows a much better K‐storage performance than that of unoriented graphitic carbon.
Not Limited to Iron: A Cobalt Heme–NO Model Facilitates N–N Coupling with External NO in the Presence of a Lewis Acid to Generate N2O
Authors: Abucayon Erwin G. , Khade Rahul L. , Powell Douglas R. , Zhang Yong , Richter‐Addo George B.
Published: October 2019

Some bacterial heme proteins catalyze the coupling of two NO molecules to generate N2O. We previously reported that a heme Fe–NO model engages in this N−N bond‐forming reaction with NO. We now demonstrate that (OEP)CoII(NO) similarly reacts with 1 equiv of NO in the presence of the Lewis acids BX3 (X=F, C6F5) to generate N2O. DFT calculations support retention of the CoII oxidation state for the experimentally observed adduct (OEP)CoII(NO⋅BF3), the presumed hyponitrite intermediate (P.+)CoII(ONNO⋅BF3), and the porphyrin π‐radical cation by‐product of this reaction, and that the π‐radical cation formation likely occurs at the hyponitrite stage. In contrast, the Fe analogue undergoes a ferrous‐to‐ferric oxidation state conversion during this reaction. Our work shows that cobalt hemes are chemically competent to engage in the NO‐to‐N2O conversion reaction.
Self‐Healable Solid Polymeric Electrolytes for Stable and Flexible Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Wu Na , Shi Ya‐Ru , Lang Shuang‐Yan , Zhou Jin‐Ming , Liang Jia‐Yan , Wang Wei , Tan Shuang‐Jie , Yin Ya‐Xia , Wen Rui , Guo Yu‐Guo
Published: October 2019

The key issue holding back the application of solid polymeric electrolytes in high‐energy density lithium metal batteries is the contradictory requirements of high ion conductivity and mechanical stability. In this work, self‐healable solid polymeric electrolytes (SHSPEs) with rigid‐flexible backbones and high ion conductivity are synthesized by a facile condensation polymerization approach. The all‐solid Li metal full batteries based on the SHSPEs possess freely bending flexibility and stable cycling performance as a result of the more disciplined metal Li plating/stripping, which have great implications as long‐lifespan energy sources compatible with other wearable devices.