bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sensory assessment of meshed skin grafts over free gracilis muscle flaps without nerve coaptation for lower extremity reconstruction
Authors: Tremp Mathias , Waldkircher Natascha J. , Wang Wenjin , Oranges Carlo M. , di Summa Pietro G. , Zhang Yixin , Wang Wei , Schaefer Dirk J. , Kalbermatten Daniel F.
Published: April 2020

Background Little is known about the sensate recovery of skin grafts over free non-neurotized muscle flaps. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity of free gracilis muscle flaps and meshed skin grafts without nerve coaptation.

Methods Thirteen consecutive patients with a median age of 55 years (range, 21–70 years) who underwent lower extremity reconstruction between September 2014 and October 2016 were included. Complications, flap contour, skin perception, and sensate recovery were assessed.

Results All flaps survived completely. In one patient, wound dehiscence and infection occurred 1 month after surgery. After a median follow-up of 14 months (range, 10–51 months), a satisfactory contour and skin perception were achieved. The Semmes-Weinstein (SW) monofilament test (154.8±22 g) and static two-point discrimination (2-PD) (12.6±0.7 mm) showed intermediate recovery compared to the surrounding site (41% and 76%, respectively). There was an intermediate correlation between flap size and sensate recovery (2-PD: r=0.27, P=0.36; SW test: r=0.45, P=0.12). Vibration sensation recovered to 60%, whereas thermal sensation remained poor (19% at 5°C and 25% at 25°C).

Conclusions Finer sensation could be partially restored. However, thermal sensation remained poor.
Tableau vivant et postmodernité : quelles affinités ?
Authors: Halimi Carole
Published: April 2020

This article investigates the relationship of the tableau vivant to modernism and postmodernism and examines how the aesthetic characteristics mobilized by the tableau vivant disrupt the logic of modernism. In the nineteenth century, the tableau vivant, because of its intrinsic intermediality, was seen as overly theatrical and was thus relegated to the antechamber of photographic modernity, as a practice that discredited the seriousness of a medium in need of legitimization. By 1964, however, Robert Morris used the tableau vivant as an instrument to critique modernism in his work Site. Postmodernist artists explored the tableau vivant still further and used it repeatedly in photography, video, and performance. This article examines how Luigi Ontani, Cindy Sherman, and Yasumasa Morimura adopt the tableau vivant as an interface that allows them to physically manipulate representations of Western society in order to critique its values and codes.
Staging Tableaux Vivants in the Theatre of the Dutch Golden Age
Authors: Bussels Stijn
Published: April 2020

Les chercheurs modernes ont trop rapidement pensé que les tableaux vivants sont devenus moins importants durant le Siècle d’or néerlandais. Or, rien ne pourrait être plus faux. Cet article soutient que, durant cette période, la mise en scène de tableaux vivants s’est adaptée de façon particulièrement intéressante à l’influence croissante de la poétique ancienne et que ces tableaux étaient conçus pour occuper différents rôles narratifs et émotionnels dans les pièces dans lesquelles ils apparaissaient. Afin d’établir ceci, je montre d’abord que la tradition des Rhétoriciens en matière de mise en scène de tableaux vivants existait dès le début du XVIIe siècle. Je présente ensuite la performance d’un tableau vivant dans Frères (Gebroeders) de 1641 comme une manière clé pour Joost van den Vondel d’élever le niveau d’émotion à son paroxysme. Enfin, je discute de la pièce la plus populaire du Siècle d’or néerlandais, l’histoire d’une revanche sanglante, Aran et Titus de Jan Vos de la même année, afin de préciser que des façons alternatives d’utiliser le tableau vivant au théâtre étaient également en jeu durant cette période.
Hidden Life: Reanimating Victorian Tableaux Vivants in the Rutland Gate Album
Authors: Jordan Hannah
Published: April 2020

Cet article examine une performance caritative de tableaux vivants présentée dans la demeure londonienne de Lady Winefred Howard en 1869. Cette première analyse de l’événement permet de repenser la portée et la signification des performances publiques de tableaux vivants dans la culture victorienne. L’intérêt scientifique récent pour la photographie mise en scène et la fabrication d’albums pendant la période victorienne a eu tendance à incorporer le tableau vivant au sein de l’histoire de la photographie. Cet article montre qu’il est tout aussi important de comprendre que la tradition parallèle de performances publiques offrait une plateforme de choix pour l’expérimentation sociale et vestimentaire, une porte d’entrée pour les figurant·es provenant des plus hautes sphères sociales vers les mondes artistiques bohémiens du mouvement esthétique victorien, et un site clé pour les catégories changeantes d’appartenance de classe.
The social life of Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus)
Authors: Schweinfurth Manon K
Published: April 2020

The Norway rat has important impacts on our life. They are amongst the most used research subjects, resulting in ground-breaking advances. At the same time, wild rats live in close association with us, leading to various adverse interactions. In face of this relevance, it is surprising how little is known about their natural behaviour. While recent laboratory studies revealed their complex social skills, little is known about their social behaviour in the wild. An integration of these different scientific approaches is crucial to understand their social life, which will enable us to design more valid research paradigms, develop more effective management strategies, and to provide better welfare standards. Hence, I first summarise the literature on their natural social behaviour. Second, I provide an overview of recent developments concerning their social cognition. Third, I illustrate why an integration of these areas would be beneficial to optimise our interactions with them.
CNGA3 acts as a cold sensor in hypothalamic neurons
Authors: Feketa Viktor V , Nikolaev Yury A , Merriman Dana K , Bagriantsev Sviatoslav N , Gracheva Elena O
Published: April 2020

Most mammals maintain their body temperature around 37°C, whereas in hibernators it can approach 0°C without triggering a thermogenic response. The remarkable plasticity of the thermoregulatory system allowed mammals to thrive in variable environmental conditions and occupy a wide range of geographical habitats, but the molecular basis of thermoregulation remains poorly understood. Here we leverage the thermoregulatory differences between mice and hibernating thirteen-lined ground squirrels (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus) to investigate the mechanism of cold sensitivity in the preoptic area (POA) of the hypothalamus, a critical thermoregulatory region. We report that, in comparison to squirrels, mice have a larger proportion of cold-sensitive neurons in the POA. We further show that mouse cold-sensitive neurons express the cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel CNGA3, and that mouse, but not squirrel, CNGA3 is potentiated by cold. Our data reveal CNGA3 as a hypothalamic cold sensor and a molecular marker to interrogate the neuronal circuitry underlying thermoregulation.
Cross-coupling polymerization at iodophenyl thin films prepared by spontaneous grafting of a diazonium salt
Authors: Marshall Nicholas , Rodriguez Andres
Published: April 2020

Cross-coupling at aryl halide thin films has been well-established as a technique for the surface-initiated Kumada catalyst transfer polymerization (SI-KCTP), used to produce covalently bound conjugated polymer thin films. In this work, we report that the spontaneous grafting of 4-iodobenzenediazonium tetrafluoroborate on gold substrates creates a durable iodoarene layer which is effective as a substrate for cross-coupling reactions including SI-KCTP. Using cyclic voltammetry of a surface-coupled ferrocene terminating agent, we have measured initiator surface coverage produced by oxidative addition of Pd(t-Bu3P)2 and estimated the rate constant of the termination reaction in the SI-KCTP system with 2-chloromagnesio-5-bromothiophene and Pd(t-Bu3P)2. We used this system to prepare uniform polythiophene thin films averaging 90 nm in thickness.
Similarity of salivary microbiome in parents and adult children
Authors: Sundström Kati , Mishra Pashupati P. , Pyysalo Mikko J. , Lehtimäki Terho , Karhunen Pekka J. , Pessi Tanja
Published: April 2020

Background

Human saliva contains approximately 700 bacterial species. It has been reported that the salivary microbiome of a large family of closely related individuals consisting of multiple households is similar but the relatedness of salivary bacteria between generations of parents and their children has not yet been investigated. The objectives were to investigate the entirety of salivary bacterial DNA profiles and whether and how families share these profiles and also compare these communities between grandparents and their first daughter generations (F1) using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing.

Results

The most abundant phyla in two separate families were Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria and Actinobacteria. Family ties explained 13% of the variance between individuals’ bacterial communities (R2 = 0.13; P = 0.001). Mothers shared more OTUs with adult children compared to fathers, but this linkage seemed to be weaker in the nuclear family with older adult children. We identified 29 differentially abundant genus level OTUs (FDR < 0.05) between families, which accounted for 31% of the total identified genus level OTUs.

Conclusions

Our results indicate that adult family members share bacterial communities and adult children were more similar to mothers than fathers. The observed similarity in oral microbiome between parent–child pairs seemed to weaken over time. We suggest that our analysis approach is suitable for relatedness study of multigenerational salivary bacteria microbiome.
Revision of the mollisoniid chelicerate(?) Thelxiope, with a new species from the middle Cambrian Wheeler Formation of Utah
Authors: Lerosey-Aubril Rudy , Skabelund Jacob , Ortega-Hernández Javier
Published: April 2020

The recent re-interpretation of the Lower Palaeozoic euarthropod group Mollisonia as belonging to Chelicerata has triggered a renewed interest for the poorly known family Mollisoniidae. In this contribution, we revise the anatomy, taxonomic diversity, and systematics of Thelxiope, the sister-taxon of Mollisonia. This mollisoniid genus comprises four species, and is characterized by the presence of one cephalic, seven thoracic (one per tergite), and three pygidial long sagittal spines. The type species, T. palaeothalassia Simonetta & Delle Cave, is a rare taxon in the Wuliuan Burgess Shale Formation of Canada, which can be recognized by the hypertrophy of a single of its sagittal spines, the posteriomost one. T. spinosa (Conway Morris & Robison)–a species originally assigned to a distinct genus ‘Ecnomocaris’ herein synonymised with Thelxiope–is known from a single specimen found in the Drumian Wheeler Formation of the House Range of Utah. It differs from the type-species in the hypertrophy of both the anteriormost (cephalic) and the posteriormost (third pygidial) sagittal spines. The same Wheeler strata have also yielded a single specimen of a new taxon, T. holmani sp. nov., which lacks hypertrophied sagittal spines and features blunt thoracic tergopleural tips. A putative fourth species, referred to Thelxiope sp. nov. A, extends the stratigraphical range of Thelxiope to the Lower Ordovician (Tremadocian), and its palaeographic range to West Gondwana. Currently under study, this relatively common component of the lower Fezouata Shale fauna is only briefly discussed. Features characterizing the genus Thelxiope and its components almost exclusively pertain to the sagittal spines, for the scarcity and inconsistent preservation of the Cambrian materials as-yet available preclude a confident assessment of the variability of other morphological features. The pygidium in Thelxiope and Mollisonia is not composed of four, but three tergites essentially similar to thoracic ones, except for the lack of articulations.
Reduced fish diversity despite increased fish biomass in a Gulf of California Marine Protected Area
Authors: Ramírez-Ortiz Georgina , Reyes-Bonilla Héctor , Balart Eduardo F. , Olivier Damien , Huato-Soberanis Leonardo , Micheli Fiorenza , Edgar Graham J.
Published: April 2020

Multi-use marine protected areas (MUMPAs) are a commonly applied tool for marine conservation in developing countries, particularly where large no-take reserves are not socially or politically feasible. Although MUMPAs have produced benefits around the world, the persistence of moderate fishing pressure reduces the likelihood of achieving the primary objective of these areas, which is the conservation of ecosystems. In this study we used traditional and functional metrics to evaluate how fish assemblages changed through time in a MUMPA, including shifts in species responses and in ecological processes. We conducted visual censuses of fishes at Espíritu Santo Island, México (MUMPA;N = 320; 24°N, 110°W) from 2005 to 2017 to assess fish richness, size-distribution and density. Three functional indices were calculated using six traits (size, mobility, period of activity, aggregation, position in water column and diet): functional richness (volume occupied by species), dispersion (complementarity between species) and originality (inverse of functional redundancy). We compared fish diversity among three management zone types (sustainable fishing, traditional fishing and no-take zones), through a 13-year period, assessing which species increased or decreased in occurrence, density, and biomass, and how indices respond over time. Despite a general increase in biomass and stability in density and originality, we detected a reduction in fish biodiversity in the form of declines in species and functional richness, which could imply the risk of local extinction and decrease in certain ecosystem processes. In addition, changes in functional dispersion showed that some functions are losing representation through time. Although no single cause is apparent, such factors as competitive interactions, habitat loss and persistence of fishing pressure potentially explain these decreases. The rise in biomass was associated with a general increase in the average size, rather than increased biomass of commercial species, as the latter remained stable during the study period. Expansion of no-take areas, enforcement of fishing regulations, and surveillance in core zones, should be implemented to reverse the decline in particular species and to promote conservation of fish functional diversity in this MUMPA.
Programmable Synapse‐Like MoS2 Field‐Effect Transistors Phase‐Engineered by Dynamic Lithium Ion Modulation
Authors: Park Hyunik , Kim Jihyun
Published: April 2020

Synaptic transistors, inspired by brain plasticity, have shown strong potential as neuromorphic computing elements. Employing 2D materials for synaptic devices can provide an additional degree‐of‐freedom for monolithically integrated circuits owing to their atomically thin body and suitable electrical properties. Herein, a programmable molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) field‐effect transistor (FET) that emulates synaptic interaction via phase engineering, which is assisted by field‐driven ionic modulation, is reported. Li+ ions selectively introduced into the van der Waals gap of the multilayer MoS2 convert the 2H phase (semiconducting) into the 1T' phase (metallic), resulting in a seamless and reversible 1T'/2H heterophase homojunction device. The 1T'‐MoS2 region exhibits dynamic resistive switching behavior in a non‐volatile fashion with a switching ratio of ≈10 owing to the Li+ ion redistribution under the applied electric field. By controlling the Schottky barrier height of the 1T'‐MoS2 channel, the behaviors of the monolithically integrated 1T'/2H‐MoS2 FET can be programmed with non‐volatility. The 1T'/2H‐MoS2 heterophase homojunction device shows multilevel current output with a multistate computing window, indicating its potential as a stable multilevel neuro synaptic device. These results could enable the development of highly functional and energy‐efficient neuromorphic systems via the monolithic integration of 2D materials.
The effects of iron sulfate heptahydrate water carrier volumes on Microdochium patch suppression and turfgrass quality
Authors: Mattox Clint , Kowalewski Alec , McDonald Brian
Published: April 2020

Microdochium patch is a turfgrass disease caused by the fungal pathogen Microdochium nivale (Fries) Samuels & I.C. Hallett that occurs most commonly in cool‐humid regions such as the Pacific Northwest. Fungicide applications are the predominant method of controlling this disease, although alternatives to fungicides are desired in areas where pesticide restrictions occur. Previous research has shown that 97.6 kg FeSO4·7H2O ha−1 applied every 2 wk in 814 L ha−1 water carrier suppresses Microdochium patch; however, turfgrass thinning occurred. The objective of this trial was to determine if higher water carrier volumes would mitigate turfgrass thinning while still suppressing Microdochium patch. This field trial quantified the effects of four different water carrier volumes of 97.6 kg FeSO4·7H2O ha−1 applied every 2 wk on the suppression of Microdochium patch, percent green cover, and turfgrass quality of an annual bluegrass putting green in Western Oregon. This research demonstrated that 97.6 kg FeSO4·7H2O ha−1 applied every 2 wk suppressed Microdochium patch on annual bluegrass putting greens to equivalent levels regardless of water carrier volumes ranging from 1019 to 4075 L ha−1. Higher percent green cover was also observed when higher water carrier volumes (3056 or 4075 L ha−1) were used. While iron sulfate heptahydrate treatments suppressed Microdochium patch to less than one percent disease throughout the trial, no water carrier volume reduced annual bluegrass thinning enough to be considered acceptable for golf course putting greens.
Agronomic efficiency of organomineral fertilizer in sequential grain crops in southern Brazil
Authors: Mumbach Gilmar L. , Gatiboni Luciano C. , de Bona Fabiano D. , Schmitt Djalma E. , Corrêa Juliano C. , Gabriel Camila A. , Dall'Orsoletta Daniel J. , Iochims Daniel A.
Published: April 2020

The use of organomineral fertilizers in agriculture instead of mineral fertilizers is a way to add organic compounds to the soil, potentially improving its properties and crop production. Our objective was to evaluate the agronomic efficiency of an organomineral fertilizer manufactured from poultry litter and mineral fertilizers. The experiment was carried out in a Humic Cambisol in the subtropical region of Brazil, with high organic matter content, low phosphorus content, and very high potassium content. The study consisted of six treatments: mineral fertilizer (monoammonium phosphate, KCl, and urea), at rates of 100 and 150% of the technical recommendation; organic fertilizer (poultry litter), at 100% rate; organomineral fertilizer (poultry litter + monoammonium phosphate), at rates of 100 and 150%; and control treatment (without fertilization). Between 2015 and 2017, common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and corn (Zea mays L.) were sequentially cultivated. Before performing the experiment and at the end of the fourth crop, chemical properties of the soil were analyzed in the 0‐ to 10‐ and 10‐ to 20‐cm layers. The use of fertilizers increased crop yield, but there was no difference between the three fertilizer sources or between the 100 and 150% rates of the technical recommendation. Chemical properties of the soil were altered in a similar manner with fertilization, regardless of the fertilizer source used. According to the results, the organomineral fertilizer can replace mineral fertilizers with equivalent performance.
Accelerated Optimization Methods for Force‐Field Parametrization in Battery Electrode Manufacturing Modeling
Authors: Lombardo Teo , Hoock Jean‐Baptiste , Primo Emiliano N. , Ngandjong Alain C. , Duquesnoy Marc , Franco Alejandro A.
Published: April 2020

The performance, durability and cost of modern Li‐ion batteries (LIBs) strongly depend on their manufacturing process. In this regard, computational methods that attempt to model LIBs manufacturing have the potential to help experimentalists to reduce costs and improve performances of LIBs. To do so, the electrode slurry phase, consisting of a suspension of active material, carbon additive and binder in a solvent must be modeled at first at the mesoscopic scale. However, efforts in that sense are rare in literature due to the inherent complexity of slurries and the difficulty of setting up appropriate metrics for the validation of the modeling results. For the first time, we propose an approach relying on experimental data that allows to validate the properties of simulated Nickel‐Manganese‐Cobalt‐based slurries with different compositions and solid contents through force fields (FFs) parametrization. The latter was attained by Coarse‐Grained Molecular Dynamics (CGMD), which enables to model the slurry phase at the mesoscopic scale and to consider explicitly the carbon binder domain. Moreover, we demonstrate that the CGMD FFs parameterization can be accelerated thanks to different types of Particle Swarm Optimization‐based algorithms, which would allow faster screening of different simulated slurries fabrication conditions.
The impact of demographic, anthropometric and athletic characteristics on left atrial size in athletes
Authors: Christou Georgios A. , O'Driscoll Jamie M.
Published: April 2020

The structural adaptations of the “athlete's heart” include left atrial (LA) enlargement. A literature search was performed based on PubMed listings up to November 2, 2019 using “athletes AND left atrium,” “athletes AND LA,” “sports AND left atrium,” “sports AND LA,” “exercise AND left atrium,” and “exercise AND LA” as the search terms. Eligible studies included those reporting the influence of demographic, anthropometric and athletic characteristics on LA size in athletes. A total of 58 studies were included in this review article. Although LA volume has been reported to be greater in males compared to females when indexed for body surface area (BSA), there was no difference between sexes. The positive association between LA size and age in athletes may reflect the increase in body size with maturation in nonadult athletes and the training age of endurance athletic activity in adult athletes. Caucasian and black athletes have been demonstrated to exhibit similar LA enlargement. The positive association of LA size with lean body mass (LBM) possibly accounts for the relationship of LA size with BSA. LA enlargement has been reported only in endurance‐trained, but not in strength‐trained athletes. LA size appears to increase with an increase in both the volume and intensity of endurance training. LA size correlates independently with the training age of endurance athletes. The athlete's characteristics that independently determine LA size include LBM, endurance training, and training age.
Aminopolymer Confined in Ethane‐Silica Nanotubes for CO2 Capture from Ambient Air
Authors: Liu Lina , Chen Jian , Tao Lin , Li He , Yang Qihua
Published: April 2020

Direct air capture as the only way for reducing current CO2 concentration in air is very challenging, however, due to the low CO2 concentration (ca. 400 ppm). Herein, we reported an efficient adsorbent for CO2 capture, which was prepared by the encapsulation of polyethylenimine (PEI) in ethane‐silica nanotubes with diameter less than 10 nm. Compared with bulk mesoporous silicas/ethane‐silicas, the PEI tends to be highly dispersed in the nanotubes due to the co‐existence of both tubular channels and intervoid space. Consequently, the PEI encapsulated in nanotubes showed much higher N efficiency (0.22 mol CO2/mol N at 30 °C and 0.1 bar) and CO2 uptake capacity than that encapsulated in the bulk mesoporous silicas. It was also observed that the dispersed PEI not directly interacted with the pore wall, afforded high N efficiency. Results of the breakthrough experiments using simulated air (400 ppm CO2/N2) showed that PEI encapsulated in nanotubes with CO2 uptake capacity of 1.0 mmol/g, fast equilibrium time and high stability are promising for CO2 capture from air.
Expanding the canon: Lady K'abel the Ix Kaloomte’ and the political narratives of classic Maya Queens
Authors: Navarro‐Farr Olivia C. , Kelly Mary Kate , Rich Michelle , Pérez Robles Griselda
Published: April 2020

We consider how a feminist perspective permits appreciation for and reflection on the complex and often understated ways in which Classic‐era (∼CE 250‐80) royal Maya women contributed to processes of statecraft. Our work centers on archaeological and epigraphic evidence for the life of one important royal woman, Ix Kaloomte’ K'abel of Waka’ whose reign was one of the most influential of the Late Classic Period (∼CE 550‐800). In reviewing the lines of evidence which detail her political life as a ruler, we consider parallels with other important royal women of the period. We argue a feminist approach permits working beyond unacknowledged presentist biases to consider the ways in which these women actively crafted state politics alongside their male counterparts.
Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering of M2–pyrazine–M2 (M = Cu, Ag, Au): Analysis by natural perturbation orbitals and density functional theory functional dependence
Authors: Miyamoto Masaya , Hada Masahiko
Published: April 2020

Here, we propose a new method to analyze various electronic properties of molecules based on natural perturbation orbitals (NPOs). We applied the proposed method to chemical enhancement of the surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) intensity of M2–pyrazine–M2 (M = Cu, Ag, Au) complexes. The SERS intensity can be effectively decomposed into the contributions of four NPO pairs (1σ–1σ*, 2σ–2σ*, 1π–1π*, and 2π–2π*), so NPO analysis makes the SERS intensity much easier to understand than by conventional canonical molecular orbitals. Moreover, we analyzed the dependence of the density functional theory functional on the SERS intensity. For the Ag2–pyrazine–Ag2 complex, the BP86 functional overestimates the Raman intensity by about 23 times compared with coupled‐cluster singles and doubles level of theory, while the CAM‐B3LYP functional gives moderately accurate values. This overestimation arises from the inaccuracy of the energy derivative along the normal vibrational mode.
Cleaved endocan acts as a biologic competitor of endocan in the control of ICAM-1-dependent leukocyte diapedesis
Authors: Gaudet Alexandre , Portier Lucie , Mathieu Daniel , Hureau Maxence , Tsicopoulos Anne , Lassalle Philippe , De Freitas Caires Nathalie
Published: April 2020

Dysregulated leukocyte diapedesis is a major contributor to acute severe inflammatory states like sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome, which are common conditions in critically ill subjects. Endocan is a circulating proteoglycan that binds to the leukocyte integrin LFA-1 and blocks its interaction with its endothelial ligand ICAM-1, subsequently leading to the inhibition of leukocyte recruitment. Recent data have highlighted the hypothetic role of p14, endocan's major catabolite found in the bloodstream of septic patients, as a potential antagonist of endocan, thus participating in the regulation of acute inflammation. We hereby characterize the role of p14 as a biologic competitor of endocan, through assessment of its molecular interactions with LFA-1, endocan, and ICAM-1, as well as its effects on human leukocyte trafficking. Using immunodetection assay, we report that p14 can bind to LFA-1, thus inhibiting the interaction between LFA-1 and endocan, which in turn leads to the restoration of the ICAM-1/LFA-1 interaction. In primary human T cells trafficking assays, we underline the absence of effect of p14 on ICAM-1-dependent adhesion and migration, as well as on transendothelial migration. However, in those models, p14 reverses the antimigratory effect of endocan. To conclude, our study supports the hypothesis of an antagonistic role of p14 versus endocan in its effect on the LFA-1/ICAM-1-dependent human leukocyte recruitment.
Random‐effects meta‐analysis of combined outcomes based on reconstructions of individual patient data
Authors: Song Yue , Sun Feng , Redline Susan , Wang Rui
Published: April 2020

Meta‐analyses of clinical trials typically focus on one outcome at a time. However, treatment decision‐making depends on an overall assessment of outcomes balancing benefit in various domains and potential risks. This calls for meta‐analysis methods for combined outcomes that encompass information from different domains. When individual patient data (IPD) are available from all studies, combined outcomes can be calculated for each individual and standard meta‐analysis methods would apply. However, IPD are usually difficult to obtain. We propose a method to estimate the overall treatment effect for combined outcomes based on first reconstructing pseudo IPD from available summary statistics and then pooling estimates from multiple reconstructed datasets. We focus on combined outcomes constructed from two continuous original outcomes. The reconstruction step requires the specification of the joint distribution of these two original outcomes, including the correlation which is often unknown. For outcomes that are combined in a linear fashion, misspecifications of this correlation affect efficiency, but not consistency, of the resulting treatment effect estimator. For other combined outcomes, an accurate estimate of the correlation is necessary to ensure the consistency of treatment effect estimates. To this end, we propose several ways to estimate this correlation under different data availability scenarios. We evaluate the performance of the proposed methods through simulation studies and apply these to two examples: (a) a meta‐analysis of dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors vs control on treating type 2 diabetes; and (b) a meta‐analysis of positive airway pressure therapy vs control on lowering blood pressure among patients with obstructive sleep apnea.
Dielectric resonator antenna button textile antenna for off‐body applications
Authors: Mersani Ameni , Bouamara Wahida , Osman Lotfi , Ribero Jean‐Marc
Published: April 2020

Dielectric resonators have become very important thanks to the daily evolution of telecommunication systems which aim to continually reduce the size and the weight of systems, besides rising the frequency and the bandwidth. In this paper, a flexible antenna using dielectric resonator antenna is presented and designed using textile materials for wearable applications at the WLAN band. The designed antenna is meant to act like a button placed on the shoulders. A study on the antenna/body interaction beginning with a comparison of the performance of the free space antennas, as well as that of a phantom rectangle with the physical properties of the human body is verified. Next to that, an impressive gain of 5.4 dB is achieved at the operating frequency of 5.8 GHz. It has been confirmed that the specific absorption rate meets the standard. Another study on the influence of a mobile phone on the operation of the antenna has also been presented. These results were confirmed by the measurements.
NMR Spectroscopic and Theoretical Studies on Tautomerism and Isomerism of Perfluoroalkyl‐Substituted 1,5‐Benzodiazepines
Authors: Desens Willi , Jiao Haijun , Langer Peter , Michalik Dirk
Published: April 2020

The tautomerism and isomerism of several ethyl 2‐(4‐(perfluoroalkyl)dihydro‐2H‐benzo(naphtho)[b][1,4]diazepin‐2‐ylidene)acetates were investigated by 1H‐, 13C‐, 15N‐ and 19F‐NMR spectroscopy and DFT computations. Depending on the polarity and basicity of the solvent a different behaviour was observed. In CDCl3, (D6)acetone and CD3CN solution two chelate hydrogen bonded tautomers, the enaminoimine and the diaminodiene, were found to exist. In the polar and more basic solvents (D6)DMSO and (D7)DMF two further species, the chelate ring‐opened isomers, were detected. The ratio of the isomers is influenced by the solvents and the substituents at the chelate ring. The chelate enaminoimine is favoured in the less polar chloroform, whereas the chelate diaminodiene predominates with increasing polarity of solvents. The length of the perfluoroalkyl chain and the substituents of the phenyl ring do not influence the isomeric equilibrium as much as the chlorine atom in 4‐position. The structures of the isomers were unambiguously confirmed by one‐ and two‐dimensional techniques (1H,1H‐COSY, 1H,1H‐NOESY (EXSY), 1H,13C‐ and 1H,15N‐chemical shift correlation spectra (HSQC and HMBC)). The observed 15N NMR data are typical for enamines, amides and diazepines and additionally confirm the proposed structures of the four isomers. The time‐dependent course of the equilibration in DMSO solution was followed by recording 1H and 19F spectra. Calculated Gibbs free energies (ΔG) correlate essentially with our experimental findings.
A better route to ALPPS: minimally invasive vs open ALPPS
Authors: Michal Kawka , Sau Mak , Tamara Gall M. H. , Long Jiao R.
Published: April 2020

Background

Associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS) has gained both interest and controversy, as an alternative to portal vein embolisation (PVE) by inducing future liver remnant hypertrophy in patients at risk of liver failure following major hepatectomy. Open ALPPS induces more extensive hypertrophy in a shorter timespan than PVE; however, it is also associated with higher complication rates and mortality. Minimally invasive surgery (MIS), with its known benefits, has been applied to ALPPS in the hope of reducing the surgical insult and improving functional recovery time while preserving the extensive FLR hypertrophy.

Methods

A search of the PubMed, Medline, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases was conducted on 10 July 2019. 1231 studies were identified and screened. 19 open ALPPS studies, 3 MIS ALPPS and 1 study reporting on both were included in the analysis.

Results

1088 open and 46 MIS-ALPPS cases were included in the analysis. There were significant differences in the baseline characteristic: open ALPPS patients had a more diverse profile of underlying pathologies (p = 0.028) and comparatively more right extended hepatectomies (p = 0.006) as compared to right hepatectomy and left extended hepatectomy performed. Operative parameters (time and blood loss) did not differ between the two groups. MIS ALPPS had a lower rate of severe Clavien–Dindo complications (≥ IIIa) following stage 1 (p = 0.063) and significantly lower median mortality (0.00% vs 8.45%) (p = 0.007) compared to open ALPPS.

Conclusion

Although MIS ALPPS would seem to be better than open ALPPS with reduced morbidity and mortality rates, there is still limited evidence on MIS ALPPS. There is a need for a higher quality of evidence on MIS ALPPS vs. open ALPPS to answer whether MIS ALPPS can replace open ALPPS.
Diurnal rhythmicity in breast-milk glucocorticoids, and infant behavior and sleep at age 3 months
Authors: Toorop Alyssa A. , van der Voorn Bibian , Hollanders Jonneke J. , Dijkstra Lisette R. , Dolman Koert M. , Heijboer Annemieke C. , Rotteveel Joost , Honig Adriaan , Finken Martijn J. J.
Published: April 2020

Purpose

In previous studies, associations between breast-milk cortisol levels obtained on one occasion and infant neurodevelopment were demonstrated. However, more recent evidence indicates that breast-milk cortisol and cortisone concentrations follow the diurnal rhythm of maternal hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis, peaking in the early morning and with a nadir at midnight. We studied associations between breast-milk glucocorticoid (GC) rhythmicity, and infant behavior and sleep.

Methods

We included 59 mothers, and their infants, of whom 17 had consulted an expert center during pregnancy for an increased risk of psychological distress. At 1 month postpartum, breast milk was sampled (on average six times) over a 24 h period for assessment of cortisol and cortisone using LC-MS/MS, and experienced maternal distress was assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale questionnaire. Three months after birth, infant behavior was assessed with the Infant Behavior Questionnaire, and infant sleep pattern was quantified by questionnaire. Associations between breast-milk GC rhythm parameters (maximum, delta, and Area Under the Curve increase and ground) and infant behavior and sleep were tested with linear regression analyses.

Results

No consistent associations between breast-milk GC rhythm parameters and infant behavior or sleep were found.

Conclusions

Breast-milk GC rhythmicity at 1 month postpartum was not associated with infant behavior or sleep at the age of 3 months. Findings from previous studies linking breast-milk cortisol to infant neurodevelopment might be biased by the lack of GC measurements across the full diurnal cycle, and should therefore be interpreted with caution.
Do postponed dental visits for financial reasons reduce quality of life? Evidence from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe
Authors: Valdez Richelle , Aarabi Ghazal , Spinler Kristin , Walther Carolin , Kofahl Christopher , Buczak-Stec Elzbieta , Heydecke Guido , König Hans-Helmut , Hajek André
Published: April 2020

Background

There is a lack of studies investigating the impact of postponed dental visits due to financial constraints on quality of life.

Aims

The aim of this study was to identify whether these factors are associated longitudinally.

Methods

Data were derived from waves 5 and 6 of the “Survey of Health Ageing and Retirement in Europe” (SHARE). The analysis focused on Germany (n = 7506). The widely used CASP-12 was used to quantify the quality of life. Postponed dental visits for financial reasons in the preceding 12 months (no, yes) were used as the main explanatory variable. Socioeconomic and health-related covariates were included in regression analysis.

Results

Gender stratified regression analysis showed that quality of life decreased with the presence of postponed dental visits due to financial reasons in men. Furthermore, quality of life decreased with the worsening of self-rated health in both men and women. The outcome measure was not associated with age, marital status, income, and chronic diseases in both sexes.

Discussion

Study findings suggest that postponing dental visits due to financial constraints contributes to a decreased quality of life among older men.

Conclusion

Efforts to avoid these circumstances might help to maintain the quality of life in older men.
Pulmonary Therapy 2020 Update and Podcast: Meet the Journal’s Editors-in-Chief
Authors: Beeh Kai-Michael , Dhand Rajiv
Published: April 2020

The Editors-in-Chief of Pulmonary Therapy have prepared podcasts summarizing their current research, recent highlights from the field, and future predictions. Audio-only versions and the transcripts can be downloaded here: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.11938863. Following this is a written summary of the journal’s recent developments and the transcripts from the podcasts.
A radiomics-based comparative study on arterial spin labeling and dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion-weighted imaging in gliomas
Authors: Hashido Takashi , Saito Shigeyoshi , Ishida Takayuki
Published: April 2020

Radiomics has potential for reflecting the differences in glioma perfusion heterogeneity between arterial spin labeling (ASL) and dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) imaging. The aim of this study was to compare radiomic features of ASL and DSC imaging-derived parameters (cerebral blood flow, CBF) and assess radiomics-based classification models for low-grade gliomas (LGGs) and high-grade gliomas (HGGs) using their parameters. The ASL-CBF and DSC-relative CBF of 46 glioma patients were normalized (ASL-nCBF and DSC-nrCBF) for data analysis. For each map, 91 radiomic features were extracted from the tumor volume. Seventy-five radiomic features were significantly different (P < 0.00055) between ASL-nCBF and DSC-nrCBF. Positive correlations were observed in 75 radiomic features between ASL-nCBF and DSC-nrCBF. Even though ASL imaging underestimated CBF compared with DSC imaging, there were significant correlations (P < 0.00055) in the first-order-based mean, median, 90th percentile, and maximum. Texture analysis showed that ASL-nCBF and DSC-nrCBF characterized similar perfusion patterns, while ASL-nCBF could evaluate perfusion heterogeneity better. The areas under the curve of the ASL-nCBF and DSC-nrCBF radiomics-based classification models for gliomas were 0.888 and 0.962, respectively. Radiomics in ASL and DSC imaging is useful for characterizing glioma perfusion patterns quantitatively and for classifying LGGs and HGGs.
The interrelation of sleep and mental and physical health is anchored in grey-matter neuroanatomy and under genetic control
Authors: Tahmasian Masoud , Samea Fateme , Khazaie Habibolah , Zarei Mojtaba , Kharabian Masouleh Shahrzad , Hoffstaedter Felix , Camilleri Julia , Kochunov Peter , Yeo B. T. Thomas , Eickhoff Simon Bodo , Valk Sofie Louise
Published: April 2020

Humans need about seven to nine hours of sleep per night. Sleep habits are heritable, associated with brain function and structure, and intrinsically related to well-being, mental, and physical health. However, the biological basis of the interplay of sleep and health is incompletely understood. Here we show, by combining neuroimaging and behavioral genetic approaches in two independent large-scale datasets (HCP (n = 1106), age range: 22–37, eNKI (n = 783), age range: 12–85), that sleep, mental, and physical health have a shared neurobiological basis in grey matter anatomy; and that these relationships are driven by shared genetic factors. Though local associations between sleep and cortical thickness were inconsistent across samples, we identified two robust latent components, highlighting the multivariate interdigitation of sleep, intelligence, BMI, depression, and macroscale cortical structure. Our observations provide a system-level perspective on the interrelation of sleep, mental, and physical conditions, anchored in grey-matter neuroanatomy.
Enhancing catalytic performance of dilute metal alloy nanomaterials
Authors: Luneau Mathilde , Guan Erjia , Chen Wei , Foucher Alexandre C. , Marcella Nicholas , Shirman Tanya , Verbart David M. A. , Aizenberg Joanna , Aizenberg Michael , Stach Eric A. , Madix Robert J. , Frenkel Anatoly I. , Friend Cynthia M.
Published: April 2020

Dilute alloys are promising materials for sustainable chemical production; however, their composition and structure affect their performance. Herein, a comprehensive study of the effects of pretreatment conditions on the materials properties of Pd0.04Au0.96 nanoparticles partially embedded in porous silica is related to the activity for catalytic hydrogenation of 1-hexyne to 1-hexene. A combination of in situ characterization and theoretical calculations provide evidence that changes in palladium surface content are induced by treatment in oxygen, hydrogen and carbon monoxide at various temperatures. In turn, there are changes in hydrogenation activity because surface palladium is necessary for H2 dissociation. These Pd0.04Au0.96 nanoparticles in the porous silica remain structurally intact under many cycles of activation and deactivation and are remarkably resistant to sintering, demonstrating that dilute alloy catalysts are highly dynamic systems that can be tuned and maintained in a active state.
Nuclear translocation of silver ions and hepatocyte nuclear receptor impairment upon exposure to silver nanoparticles
Authors: Tardillo Suárez Vanessa , Karepina Elizaveta , Chevallet Mireille , Gallet Benoit , Cottet-Rousselle Cécile , Charbonnier Peggy , Moriscot Christine , Michaud-Soret Isabelle , Bal Wojciech , Fuchs Alexandra , Tucoulou Rémi , Jouneau Pierre-Henri , Veronesi Giulia , Deniaud Aurélien
Published: April 2020

Upon exposure to non-toxic concentration of silver nanoparticles, only the ionic form of silver is found in the nucleus leading to an endocrine disruptor-like effect.
In situ high-pressure 13C/1H NMR reaction studies of benzyl alcohol oxidation over a Pd/Al2O3 catalyst
Authors: D'Agostino Carmine , Mantle Mick D. , Gladden Lynn F.
Published: April 2020

We report in situ high-pressure NMR kinetic studies of catalytic oxidations inside heterogeneous catalysts exploiting distortionless enhancement by polarisation transfer (DEPT) 13C NMR.
Ir3Pb alloy nanodendrites with high performance for ethanol electrooxidation and their enhanced durability by alloying trace Au
Authors: Zhang Genlei , Zhang Zhenxi
Published: April 2020

Porous Ir3Pb nanodendrites exhibit excellent activity and superior CO2 selectivity for the EOR under acidic conditions, and their durability can be enhanced dramatically by alloying trace Au.
Double allylic defluorinative alkylation of 1,1-bisnucleophiles with (trifluoromethyl)alkenes: construction of all-carbon quaternary centers
Authors: Cai Yingying , Zeng Hao , Zhu Chuanle , Liu Chi , Liu Guangying , Jiang Huanfeng
Published: April 2020

Synthesis of symmetric gem-difluoroalkene substituted products bearing all-carbon quaternary centers via double allylic defluorinative alkylation of 1,1-bisnucleophiles with (trifluoromethyl)alkenes.
Asymmetric conductive polymer composite foam for absorption dominated ultra-efficient electromagnetic interference shielding with extremely low reflection characteristics
Authors: Duan Hongji , Zhu Huixin , Gao Jiefeng , Yan Ding-Xiang , Dai Kun , Yang Yaqi , Zhao Guizhe , Liu Yaqing , Li Zhong-Ming
Published: April 2020

An ultraefficient EMI shielding WPU composite foam with extremely low reflection is achieved via ingenious asymmetric conductive network design.
Colloidal quantum wells for optoelectronic devices
Authors: Diroll Benjamin T.
Published: April 2020

Colloidal quantum wells, or nanoplatelets, are a promising class of solution-processable two-dimensional materials with properties well-suited for diverse optoelectronic devices.
Cyber–physical security for on‐going smart grid initiatives: a survey
Authors: Hossain Md Musabbir , Peng Chen
Published: April 2020

The smart grid is an upgraded concept of electricity network with tight coupling among information, control, and bi‐directional communication technologies. Along with the silent features of the on‐going smart grid, cyber–physical security appears to be a deep concern due to its significant dependence on sensing technologies, complex networks of computers, intelligence, and wide‐area communication infrastructures. Moreover, the smart grid is an extensive critical infrastructure and vulnerable to coordinated cyber–physical attacks. As a result, cyber–physical attacks cause significant threats to the confidentiality and integrity of the power data, including power outages, cascading failures, and unnecessary expenditure. In this study, security issues of smart grid, including cyber–physical interdependency, attack varieties, detection methods, requirements, standards, challenges, and future prospects, are taken into consideration for both cyber and physical systems, aiming to provide an extensive understanding of vulnerabilities and solutions for the smart power grid. By revealing the inherent features of cyber–physical security in the smart grid, this survey study is addressed to facilitate future research in these two areas.