bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estudo dos efeitos da combinação entre a Sonata K. 448 de Mozart e a disbiose intestinal na recordação de memórias remotas de medo ao som
Authors: Silva Juliana Faria Dehon da , Novais Gabriel Braga Alencar de , Trzesniak Clarissa Maria Ferreira , Faria Rodolfo Souza de
Published: September 2024

Introdução: A memória é um processo no qual informações são codificadas, armazenadas e evocadas. Embora esses mecanismos sejam amplamente estudados, há lacunas na compreensão do impacto do "Efeito Mozart" na recordação da memória. Objetivo: Investigar o impacto da combinação entre o Efeito Mozart e a disbiose intestinal na recordação de memórias remotas de medo em camundongos expostos a estímulos sonoros específicos. Métodos: Camundongos foram aleatoriamente distribuídos em dois grupos: G1 – exposto à Sonata K448 de Mozart durante o período intrauterino e após o nascimento; e G2 – exposto apenas ao som ambiente. Para alterar a composição da microbiota intestinal, os animais receberam tratamento com antibióticos. Paralelamente, ambos os grupos passaram por um treino de condicionamento som-choque. Em seguida, foram submetidos a testes de extinção e recordação da memória, cujos comportamentos foram gravados em vídeo para análise. A comparação entre ambos os grupos no teste de recordação, foi feita utilizando o teste t de Student para amostras independentes, considerando-se significativo p≤0,050. Resultados: Não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos no teste de recordação (t(12)=0,799; p=0,440). A média ± erro padrão da média foi de 3,04% ± 0,33% para o grupo Mozart, e 2,41% ± 0,81% para o grupo Ambiente. Conclusão: A exposição à Sonata combinado com a disbiose intestinal não afetou significativamente a recordação de memórias de medo, com comportamento semelhante entre os grupos.
Impacto da Vacinação Contra Poliomielite, Sarampo e Febre Amarela no Brasil de 2012 a 2022
Authors: Silva Bruno Cesar , Pinto Fernanda Fernandes , Salgado Ricardo Menezes , Araujo Ivana
Published: September 2024

Objetivo: Explicar como a queda da cobertura vacinal no país tem relação com o ressurgimento de casos. Métodos: Estudo analítico e observacional com dados do DATASUS, comparando os períodos de 2012 a 2022, para as vacinas: VIP, TV e FA, cujos filtros foram: Ano, Imuno, Coberturas Vacinais e Casos Confirmados. Resultados: Nenhum dos imunizantes estudados alcançou a meta vacinal no período analisado. A baixa vacinação de Poliomielite pode proporcionar o seu retorno. Taxas de vacinação inferior ao recomendado da Febre Amarela, infere relação com surtos ocorridos em 2016 e 2018. O retorno da circulação do vírus do Sarampo em 2018, é justificado também pela queda vacinal e a entrada de imigrantes não-vacinados no território. Conclusão: Observa-se queda da cobertura vacinal e retorno da circulação viral de Sarampo e Febre Amarela, colocando em risco a saúde da população, sobrecarregando o sistema público de saúde, elevando os índices de hospitalizações e óbitos.
UNVEILING GENDER FROM INDONESIAN NAMES USING RANDOM FOREST AND LOGISTIC REGRESSION ALGORITHMS
Authors: Pradana Musthofa Galih , Saputro Pujo Hari , Tyas Dyah Listianing
Published: September 2024

Gender detection can be done in many ways, some of these ways by using image identification such as the process of image identification based on faces or image shapes, on the other hand image identification and detection can also be done based on text or written data. The usefulness of gender identification can be used in various aspects of life, ranging from greetings such as ladies and gentlemen, which will certainly make the person concerned feel more appreciated by the accuracy of the pronunciation of the name. This gender identification and detection process can be done by making class predictions on predetermined gender label classes. Of course, each name in various languages has different characteristics in identifying and representing each gender, as well as Indonesian names that have diversity and unique levels of variation. The purpose of this study is to test the results of the algorithm in classification based on class labels. The application of this detection uses two algorithms, namely Random Forest and Logistic Regression. Both of these algorithms can predict classes with perfect accuracy in 6 experimental data, then the results of 526 experimental data resulted in a final accuracy of 0.94 for logistic regression and 0.93 for random forest. The advantage with a thin difference in this case is in the Logistic Regression algorithm.
Pulling the Strings: Exploiting Metabolic Dependencies in Pediatric Cancer
Authors:   , Tee Trisha Michael
Published: September 2024

Cancer is highly complex and variable, encompassing hundreds of diseases that share key features called "hallmarks,” which help explain how cancer develops, grows, and spreads. This thesis highlights one of these hallmarks, reprogrammed cancer metabolism, and explores the importance of understanding cancer metabolism and how to exploit metabolic vulnerabilities to develop targeted therapies in pediatric cancers.

Pediatric cancers challenge the idea of cancer as a disease of aging. Unlike adult cancers, childhood cancers typically involve fewer mutations and are driven by specific genetic changes in driver genes. These mutations can directly alter cellular metabolism, or reprogrammed cancer metabolism itself can drive cancer through mutations in metabolic enzymes or the accumulation of harmful oncometabolites. Part of this thesis explores the relationship between cancer metabolism and epigenetics. We explored the use of novel drug, ARV-825, which targets BRD4 protein, and identified several new combination therapy strategies that effectively target T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). We found that ARV-825 indirectly reduces MYC activity, a gene with broad functions in metabolic regulation, and that combining ARV-825 with other drugs targeting metabolism-related genes induces cell death by converging on the MYC pathway.

Another focus of this thesis was on methionine metabolism. Cancer cells possess altered nutrient processing to fuel their uninhibited growth. One of the most well-known examples of this, known as the "Warburg effect," describes tumor cells’ preference for glycolysis, a less efficient but faster way to metabolize glucose. Cancer cells can also manipulate their use of certain nutrients, like amino acids, becoming more or less dependent on them as needed. In turn, these metabolic changes or dependencies create vulnerabilities that can be targeted for treatment. Methionine, an essential amino acid vital for various bodily functions, plays a crucial role in several cancers. We found in neuroblastoma, that dietary methionine restriction slowed cancer growth, and that targeting autophagy further amplified this MR-effect. Similarly, we also found that KMT2A-rearranged leukemia, an aggressive pediatric cancer, was highly sensitive to methionine restriction. These leukemia cells depend on excessive methylation, which requires methionine-derived S-adenosylmethionine, or SAM. By limiting methionine, methylation is disrupted, thereby inducing cell death and inhibiting cancer growth. We highlighted in our research several effective methods for targeting the methionine cycle, including a methionine-restricted diet, the enzyme methionine-γ-lyase (MGL), which breaks down circulating methionine, and the small molecule inhibitor FIDAS-5, which reduces SAM production. These approaches present promising new options for treating methionine-dependent cancers, and demonstrate how understanding reprogrammed metabolism can be leveraged for therapeutic advantage.
Numerical investigations of a low-pressure turbine purge flow control concept for reducing aerodynamic losses
Authors:   Arts et Métiers Institute of Technology, CNAM, LIFSE, HESAM University, Beaux Jean-Hugues , Girardeau Julian ,   Safran Aircraft Engines, Khelladi Sofiane ,   Arts et Métiers Institute of Technology, CNAM, LIFSE, HESAM University, Deligant Michael ,   Arts et Métiers Institute of Technology, CNAM, LIFSE, HESAM University, Perilhon Christelle ,   Arts et Métiers Institute of Technology, CNAM, LIFSE, HESAM University
Published: September 2024

Interaction between purge flows and main flow path is known to impact negatively the aerodynamic performance of the gas turbines. This paper focuses on the leakage flow through hub cavity re-entering into the main flow path upstream of the second rotor blade row of a two-stage low-pressure turbine (LPT). The stator well considered in this paper consists of second stator vane upstream and downstream cavities connected with a labyrinth seal mounted on an annular seal carrier. A device to reduce the mixing and subsequent row losses is numerically evaluated by assessing its impact on the turbine efficiency, as well as on the radial distribution of relevant characteristic quantities (circumferential velocity, flow angle, turbulent kinetic energy…). The feature is located underneath the nozzle guide vane endwall and a significant part of the leakage flow is passing through it, before mixing with the other part of the leakage flow and re-entering into the main flow. This paper presents numerical results of unsteady 3D simulations of a two-stage axial turbine with the turning device located upstream of the second rotor blade row. Results of three configurations are compared: the two-stage axial turbine including its inner cavity without, and then with the device and finally, the former associated to a modified nozzle guide vane platform. An increase of the turbine efficiency of 0.114% can be noticed in the best case. The turning feature reduces mixing losses between the two leakage flows before entering into the main flow path and then improve the efficiency of the subsequent row.
PENGARUH PENURUNAN SUHU GAS ALAM DI DALAM COOLER TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN PENYERAPAN GAS H2S PADA UNIT ACID GAS REMOVAL
Authors: Afifah Imroatul , Ariani Ariani
Published: September 2024

Gas alam adalah salah satu sumber daya alam Indonesia yang ketersediaannya melimpah sehingga dilakukan proses pengolahan menjadi gas siap pakai. Salah satu parameter yang menentuka kualitas produk gas yaitu terbebas dari gas asam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh penurunan suhu terhadap kemampuan penyerapan gas asam berupa H2S. Proses penyerapan gas asam pada industri ini terjadi di absorber dengan absorbent berupa a-MDEA. Absorber merupakan alat yang digunakan untuk proses penyerapan fluida gas oleh absorbent. Proses absorpsi gas asam oleh a-MDEA di absorber ini memerlukan suhu yang rendah agar lebih maksimal. Oleh karena itu  sebelum masuk ke dalam absorber, gas akan didinginkan terlebih dahulu pada unit pendingin. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada saat pergantian shift selama 4 hari. Data menunjukkan  bahwa nilai penurunan suhu gas di alat pendingin tidak di pengaruhi oleh jumlah gas alam yang masuk untuk  diolah namun dipengaruhi oleh suhu lingkungan sekitar. Nilai penurunan suhu gas terendah per hari umumnya  terjadi pada pengambilan data pukul 07.00 WIB yaitu mencapai 16,33 °F dan penurunan suhu gas tertinggi  umumnya terjadi pada pengambilan data pukul 23.00 WIB yaitu mencapai 20,06 °F. Sedangkan keberadaan gas  H2S terbesar 0,63 ppm dan terkecil 0,02 ppm Berdasarkan hasil pengolahan data dapat disimpulkan bahwa semakin tinggi nilai penurunan suhu gas di alat pendingin, maka kualitas gas yang di hasilkan akan semakin rendah kadar impuritis.
ANALISIS EKONOMI DAN KELAYAKAN PRARANCANGAN PABRIK KIMIA PEMBUATAN PULP DARI PELEPAH PISANG DENGAN KAPASITAS 69.000 TON/TAHUN
Authors: Uthami Ersa Wahyu , Hardjono Hardjono
Published: September 2024

Kebutuhan kertas di Indonesia semakin meningkat, semakin meningkat juga pemanfaatan kayu sehingga dapat menimbulkan dampak buruk untuk lingkungan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan bahan alternatif nonkayu dalam pembuatan pulp dan kertas yang lebih ramah terhadap lingkungan seperti pelepah pisang. Pada pra rancangan pabrik kimia pembuatan pulp dari pelepah pisang dengan kapasitas 69.000 ton/tahun diharapkan dapat memenuhi kebutuhan pasar dan membantu dalam pengolahan limbah organik. Tujuan dari penulisan artikel ini adalah analisis ekonomi untuk mengetahui kelayakan pabrik dan memperoleh perkiraan investasi modal dalam kegiatan produksi suatu pabrik. Analisis ekonomi yang perlu dipertimbangkan meliputi perhitungan modal yang terdiri dari Total Capital Investment (TCI), Fixed Capital Investment (FCI), Working Capital Investment (WCI), Direct Producion Cost (TPC), Fixed Changes (FC), Plant Overhead Cost, General Expenses, Total Production Cost (TPC), dan profitability. Hasil analisis ekonomi pabrik ini diperoleh nilai Total Capital Investment (TCI) sebesar Rp 129.708.003.000, Total Production Cost (TPC) sebesar Rp 66.572.208.308, Laba Kotor sebesar Rp 53.948.711.691, Laba Bersih Rp 38.843.072.417, ROI sebelum pajak sebesar 42%, ROI setelah pajak sebesar 30%, POT sebelum pajak selama 1,9 tahun, POT setelah pajak selama 2,5 tahun, BEP sebesar 46,96%, dan SDP sebesar 19,81%. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan, maka prarancangan pabrik kimia pembuatan pulp dari pelepah pisang dengan kapasitas 69.000 ton/tahun layak untuk didirikan karena telah memenuhi persyaratan kelayakan pabrik
PENENTUAN SELEKSI PROSES DAN KAPASITAS PRODUKSI PRARANCANGAN PABRIK KIMIA MINYAK ATSIRI DARI BIJI KOPI ROBUSTA
Authors: Romadhon Marsanda Sahila , Hardjono Hardjono , Rubianto Luchis
Published: September 2024

Kopi merupakan salah satu tanaman di Indonesia. Kopi terdiri dari berbagai jenis, seperti robusta, arabika, gayo dan lain sebagainya. Kopi robusta mengandung kafein tinggi yang baik sebagai antioksidan untuk tubuh manusia. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk menentukan proses yang efektif dalam pembuatan minyak atsiri dari biji kopi robusta dan kapasitas produksi pada prarancangan pabrik minyak atsiri biji kopi robusta tahun 2026.
Penentuan seleksi proses dilakukan dengan mempertimbangkan beberapa faktor, seperti metode ekstraksi, waktu produksi, yield dan temperatur. Terdapat tiga metode yang dapat digunakan dalam produksi minyak atsiri, seperti metode ekstraksi padat-cair, maserasi dan distilasi uap langsung. Dalam menentukan kapasitas produksi perlu didukung dengan beberapa data, meliputi data pertumbuhan produksi per tahun, konsumsi, impor dan ekspor biji kopi. Metode yang digunakan untuk mengetahui kapasitas produksi minyak atsiri biji kopi robusta adalah metode linier dan metode discounted. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa, berdasarkan perbandingan dari beberapa metode ekstraksi, didapatkan seleksi proses menggunakan metode ekstraksi padat-cair karena proses ekstraksi padat-cair lebih efektif digunakan untuk produksi minyak atsiri biji kopi robusta. Berdasarkan perhitungan kapasitas produksi dengan mempertimbangkan beberapa faktor seperti ketersediaan bahan baku dan konsumsi masyarakat maka didapatkan kapasitas produksi minyak atsiri biji kopi robusta sebesar 200 ton/tahun. Kapasitas produksi juga ditentukan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat.
PENENTUAN KECUKUPAN PANAS (F0) PADA OLAHAN PANGAN MELALUI UJI SALMONELLA SP
Authors: Silaturahmi Ari Yesica , Moentamaria Dwina
Published: September 2024

Makanan siap saji sangat praktis dan diminati karena memiliki masa simpan yang lama. Masalah yang sering timbul adalah masa simpan makanan menjadi lebih pendek karena terdapat mikroorganisme yang tidak diinginkan seperti Salmonella sp. Sterilisasi dengan proses termal merupakan alternatif untuk teknik pengolahan pangan dengan menggunakan autoclave. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menentukan nilai kecukupan panas (F0) pada pengawetan olahan pangan menggunakan metode sterilisasi. Tahapan penelitian adalah i) produk olahan pangan (ayam gulai) dikemas dalam retort pouch dengan vakum dan tersegel rapat, ii) sterilisasi menggunakan autoclave pada suhu 121°C dan 130°C dengan waktu sterilisasi 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, dan 15 menit, iii) penentuan kecukupan panas (F0). Karakterisktik mikrobiologinya melalui uji kemampuan bakteri untuk hidup, didapatkan nilai Decimal Reduction Time (D), Temperature Coeffisient of microbial destruction (Z), efek letalitas (LR), kecukupan panas (F0). Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh total F0 parsial pada suhu 121°C dan 130°C masing-masing adalah 13 menit dan 34 menit. Kondisi ini telah memenuhi standar BPOM nomor 27 tahun 2021 dimana nilai F0 sekurang-kurangnya 3 menit. Hal ini menunjukkan nilai sterilisasi komersial yang baik telah dicapai dan kemasan retort pouch dapat diaplikasikan pada pengawetan makanan dengan menggunakan teknologi sterilisasi.
PEMANFAATAN AMPAS TAHU PADA PEMBUATAN BRIKET SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKAR ALTERNATIF
Authors: Masitah Nihayatul Devi , Azkiya Noor Isnaini
Published: September 2024

Kebutuhan energi semakin meningkat seiring bertambahnya waktu. Akan tetapi, hal ini tidak diimbangi dengan ketersediaan bahan bakar yang semakin berkurang sehingga perlu mencari alternatif bahan bakar yang dapat diperbarui (renewable), ramah lingkungan dan bernilai ekonomis. Salah satu jenis alternatif yang bisa dikembangkan yaitu energi biomassa seperti limbah sisa pengolahan pangan. Dalam penelitian ini limbah ampas tahu dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan bakar dengan mengubahnya menjadi briket arang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui komposisi perekat terbaik pembuatan briket dari ampas tahu. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif berdasarkan eksperimen di laboratorium. Variabel yang digunakan yaitu perbandingan massa perekat tepung tapioka dengan persentase 12, 14, dan 16% (w/w). Berdasarkan penelitian didapatkan kesimpulan hasil pengujian briket dengan 12% (w/w) persentase perekat mempunyai kualitas yang paling baik menghasilkan nilai kadar air sebesar 1,48%, nilai kadar abu sebesar 13%, nilai volatile matter sebesar 2,05%, nilai fixed carbon sebesar 83,46%, nilai kalor sebesar 5895 cal/gr, dan kuat tekan sebesar 2,29 kg/cm2 dibandingkan dengan variasi perekat lainnya.
PENGARUH LAJU ALIR GLISERIN TERHADAP EFISIENSI PERTUKARAN PANAS DALAM SHELL AND TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER
Authors: Zidan Muhammad Assabil , Chalim Abdul
Published: September 2024

Saat ini energi merupakan kebutuhan pokok yang berpengaruh penting dalam kehidupan manusia. Seiring meningkatnya kebutuhan energi terutama di dunia industri kimia, diperlukan suatu usaha untuk melakukan efisiensi pada penggunaan energi tersebut. Oleh karena itu, diibutuhkan suatu alat untuk menyerap sumber panas menggunakan HE (Heat Exchanger) tipe shell and tube. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan data konsentrasi fluida gliserin – etanol serta suhu inlet fluida panas dan dingin sehingga didapatkan nilai NTU (Number Transfer Unit) yang optimal. Nilai NTU merupakan tolak ukur perpindahan panas serta menjadi parameter perpindahan panas suatu penukar panas yang tidak berdimensi. Jenis aliran yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah counter-current dengan fluida panas pada tube dan fluida dingin pada shell. Variabel yang digunakan adalah suhu fluida panas 30, 35, 40°C, dan suhu fluida dingin 25°C. Penelitian ini akan dilakukan secara kuantitatif dengan menggunakan Shell and tube Heat exchanger 1-1. Untuk menentukan efektifitas dilakukan perhitungan ΔTLMTD (Log Mean Temperature Difference) , U (koefisien perpindahan panas), NTU (Number Transfer Unit), dan efektivitas. Nilai efektivitas dan efisiensi alat semakin besar seiring dengan bertambahnya laju alir fluda dingin. Efektivitas dan efisiensi terbesar diperoleh pada laju alir fluida dingin sebesar 1 L/menit yaitu 0,89 dan 86%.
Investigating Factors that Predict Japanese Science Teachers’ Job Satisfaction: Evidence from TIMSS 2019
Authors:   Empire State University, Eades-Baird Michelle , Qiao Inova ,   Empire State University
Published: September 2024

Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) 2019 data revealed that Grade 8 science teachers in several Asian countries (Chinese Taipei, Hong Kong SAR, Japan, and South Korea) reported lower job satisfaction levels than the international average. For example, while Japanese Grade 8 students ranked among the highest in science achievement on the TIMSS 2019, their science teachers reported the lowest job satisfaction composite scale score compared to the other 63 participating countries. Using teacher questionnaire data from TIMSS 2019, we utilized correlation analysis and multiple linear regression to uncover the answers to this research question: Which factors contribute to Japanese Grade 8 science teachers’ job satisfaction? The results from the analysis indicate that working in a safe and orderly school environment was the strongest predictor of Japanese Grade 8 science teacher job satisfaction. The number of working hours, amount of perceived pressure exerted by their students’ parents, participation in professional development focused on science curriculum, and adopting a constructivist orientation to science teaching were the other significant factors that predicted job satisfaction. Findings from this study have implications for Japanese educational policy stakeholders, school administrators, mentor teachers, science department leadership, and those invested in science teachers’ professional development.
Bibliometric Analysis of Virtual Reality in Science Education over the Three Decades (1993-2023)
Authors:   Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah, Amarulloh Reza Ruhbani , Aswie Viqhi ,   Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 1 Kota Sukabumi
Published: September 2024

This study aims to conduct a bibliometric analysis of the use of virtual reality in science education over three decades (1993–2023). The method involved data from Google Scholar-indexed publications using Publish or Perish with keywords related to “virtual reality” and “education” over the past 3 decades. Nine hundred and eighty-six publications were obtained with a total of 131,130 citations with an average of 133 citations/paper and 4371 citations/year. The collected data were then screened to ensure its quality. Next, VOSviewer software was conducted to perform co-authorship and co-occurrence analysis. The results of the co-authorship analysis showed that there were 164 authors eligible to be visualized and divided into 88 clusters, indicating a high level of collaboration among authors in this field. Co-occurrence analysis shows that “virtual reality” has an occurrence of 696 in cluster 5 and “science education” is only 16 in cluster 2 with word networks formed only on the words “virtual reality,” “education,” and “field.” This study emphasizes the need for better VR in science education and more research on its impact on students’ science literacy. It outlines VR usage trends in scienceeducation, informing future studies. The findings particularly highlight the importance of investigating VR’s effectiveness in formal educational settings.
Pre-service Teachers’ Preparedness for In-service Science Teaching in Primary Education – A Case Study in Croatia
Authors:   University of Rijeka, Erceg Nataša , Alajbeg Anna ,   University of Split
Published: September 2024

An experimental science curriculum for primary school was introduced in Croatia for the 1st time in the 2023/24 school year. This is taking place against the backdrop of a shortage of teachers from various science subjects, especially physics. They are increasingly being replaced by non-professional teachers, often those with a Master of Primary Education, which gives access to the profession of primary junior grade teacher. In this study, the subject matter knowledge (SMK) in science of 44 pre-service teachers aiming for the above-mentioned degree is examined using the SMK test. The test contains 40 trends in international mathematics and science study (TIMSS) items from the 4th-grade science content domain Physical Science and allowed us to compare the achievement of our respondents with the achievement of pupils who participated in the TIMSS assessments. The results show that the percentage correctness of the pre-service teachers on the SMK test was statistically significantly higher than that of the 4th-grade pupils. However, the correlation coefficients showed that the pre-service teachers had greater difficulties with the items with which the pupils had greater difficulties, and vice versa. This applies in particular to the items on forces and motion and to the items from the cognitive domain of reasoning. The reason for the unsatisfactory science SMK of our respondents could be the incompatibility of the university science curriculum with the demands placed on pupils in the relevant school subjects and International science assessments such as TIMSS. The results of this study confirm and extend the contribution of existing research and should serve as a basis for subsequent research as well as for the design of a further course of science education reform in Croatia and in the countries of the region.
Primary School 4th Grade Students’ Attitudes Toward Socioscientific Issues and Question Asking: Philosophy for Children
Authors:   Uşak University, Yurtbakan Ergun , Batmaz Onur ,   Yozgat Bozok University
Published: September 2024

In this study, the effect of philosophy for children on primary school 4th-grade students’ attitudes toward socioscientific issues (SSIs) and asking questions will be examined. Aquasi-experimental design will be used in the study. In the study, 48 (experimental group [EG]: 24, control group [CG]: 24) primary school 4th-grade students studying in a primary school in the Derince district of Kocaeli province were included in the study with convenient case sampling. The data in the study were collected with the “Question Asking Attitude Scale” and “Children’s Attitudes Toward Socioscientific Issues Scale.” The post-test scores of the experimental and CG students’ attitudes toward SSIs and asking questions were analyzed by the Mann–Whitney U test and the change between the pre- and post-test scores of the students in the experimental and CG s was analyzed by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. As a result of the analyzes, it was revealed that although both the philosophy for children intervention (EG) and the traditional reading intervention (CG) increased the primary school 4th-grade students’ attitudes toward SSIs and asking questions, it was not at a statistically significant level. However, students in the EG discussing SSIs through the philosophy for children application significantly increased their awareness of SSIs and asking questions compared to the students in the CG.
PENCEGAHAN STUNTING MELALUI EDUKASI DAN PENDAMPINGAN PRODUKSI SUSU DAUN KELOR DI DESA JATISARI
Authors: Susanto Hendra , Hadi Suwono  , Ahmad Taufiq  , Fuzani Sri Dinasyah Ratna , Achmada Putra Fernanda Dwi , Indah Nur Laili
Published: September 2024

ABSTRAK
Stunting, atau gangguan pertumbuhan akibat kekurangan gizi kronis, menjadi masalah serius di Kabupaten Malang dengan prevalensi mencapai 1 2 %. Untuk mengatasi hal ini, kegiatan Pengabdian Masyarakat dilakukan di Desa Jatisari, Kecamatan Pakisaji, dengan tujuan meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan masyarakat tentang pencegahan stunting melalui pemanfaatan daun kelor (Moringa oleifera). Metode pelaksanaannya meliputi observasi awal, identifikasi masalah, persiapan materi, dan pelatihan pembuatan serta pengemasan susu daun kelor. Edukasi ini mencakup manfaat kesehatan daun kelor, seperti sifat antihipertensi, antikanker, dan antidiabetes. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan peningkatan pengetahuan dan keterampilan masyarakat dalam memanfaatkan daun kelor, yang berpotensi meningkatkan gizi anak dan memberdayakan ekonomi lokal. Kegiatan ini juga mendukung pencapaian Tujuan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan (SDGs) dengan melibatkan masyarakat secara aktif dan meningkatkan kesejahteraan lokal.
Kata Kunci : Stunting, daun kelor, pengabdian masyarakat, edukasi gizi, pembangunan berkelanjutan
Understanding the Recent Mpox Outbreak: Are we Prepared?
Authors: Mamun Abdullah Al , Hapsari Rafif Naufi Waskitha , Nugroho Heru Santoso Wahito
Published: September 2024

Not Mandatory
Self-Assessment of Self-Worth and Its Relationship with Depression Level: A Case Study of Female Students in Banyuwangi, Indonesia
Authors: Febriana Melati Octavia , Sari Jayanti Dian Eka
Published: September 2024

Background: This study was motivated by the important role of self-esteem in mental health, where low self-esteem is often associated with a higher risk of depression, especially among female college students who are vulnerable to academic and social pressures. The prevalence of depression in Indonesia is significant, with the 15-24 age group recording a prevalence of 6.2%, where many female college students face challenges that can worsen their mental well-being. Therefore, this study aims to explore the relationship between self-esteem and depression levels in female university students in Banyuwangi, in order to provide a deeper understanding and support depression prevention interventions. Methods: This study applies a quantitative approach with a correlational design. The research sample consisted of 81 people, selected by accidental random sampling technique. The research instrument used the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (SES) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) which were distributed through online Goggle form. Results: Data analysis showed that there was a significant relationship or association between the level of self-esteem and the level of depression in respondents. Pearson correlation analysis showed a correlation coefficient of -0.457 (p <0.01), indicating a strong and negative relationship between the two variables. Conclusion: approximately 20.9% of the variation in the level of depression can be explained by variations in the level of self-esteem.
Polyenylphosphatidylcholine alleviates cardiorenal fibrosis, injury and dysfunction in spontaneously hypertensive rats by regulating Plpp3 signaling
Authors: Zhang Yongqiao , Ma Jiayi , Wei Feng , Gong Jiaxin , Zhuang Li , Zhang Ningzhi , Cui Zhaoqiang
Published: September 2024

Objective

Polyenylphosphatidylcholine (PPC), a significant therapeutic agent for liver repair, exhibits potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Nonetheless, its impact on hypertension and hypertensive vascular diseases requires clarification. Our objective was to elucidate the protective role and mechanism of PPC in a spontaneously hypertensive rat model.

Materials and methods

Male WKY and SHRs were randomly assigned to four groups: WKY control, SHRs control, SHRs treated with Telmisartan (SHR-TS), and SHRs treated with PPC (SHR-PPC). Blood pressure was monitored biweekly during the treatment. Histological analyses assessed aortic vascular remodeling and cardiac and renal injuries. RNA-seq was performed on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) isolated from WKY or SHRs, and protein levels of target genes were quantified using Western blotting.

Results

In a dose-dependent screening test, we confirmed that PPC (200 mg/kg/day) effectively reduced blood pressure in SHRs. Treatment with PPC also mitigated cardiac and renal injury in SHRs by attenuating hypertrophy and fibrosis. Compared to WKY rats, SHRs exhibited increased intima thickness, reduced vascular tone, and heightened aortic fibrosis; however, PPC treatment significantly reversed vascular remodeling. Analysis of RNA-seq data revealed that downregulated genes were enriched in inflammation and oxidative stress pathways based on GO and KEGG enrichment analyses. PPC markedly inhibited genes such as Rela, Relb, Nfkb2, and others involved in the NF-κB pathway. Given PPC's influence on glycerophospholipid synthesis and metabolism, and its role in NF-κB-mediated transcription affecting oxidative stress and inflammation, changes in the PLAs, PLPs, and PLPPs families were analyzed in PPC-treated VSMCs. Among these, PPC notably inhibited Plpp3. Importantly, overexpression of Plpp3 significantly reversed the protective effects of PPC on hypertension-related cardiac and renal injuries, vascular fibrosis, remodeling, and tension.

Conclusion

We identified a new protective role for PPC in mitigating cardiac and renal injuries associated with hypertension, as well as in preventing aortic fibrosis and remodeling. Targeting the NF-κB/Plpp3 pathway may offer a promising therapeutic strategy for treating vascular diseases related to hypertension.
Quantity implicature interpretations in bilingual population: the case of Imbabura Kichwa
Authors: Gualapuro Gualapuro Santiago David
Published: September 2024

Most studies on the pragmatic interpretation of existential quantifiers have been conducted in major Indo-European languages like English, Spanish, French, and Greek, focusing mainly on monolingual participants. However, in indigenous linguistic research, especially experimental research, it is crucial to consider several linguistic and extra-linguistic factors for successful implementation. Our research centered on the experimental investigation of the pragmatic interpretation of the quantifier wakin, meaning some in Kichwa, with Kichwa-Spanish bilingual adults from the province of Imbabura Ecuador. We employed the Truth Value Judgement Task (TVJT) for our experiments and incorporated the explicit Question Under Discussion (QUD) paradigm to facilitate pragmatic interpretations among our participants. Our initial experiment revealed a 78% acceptance level for the pragmatic interpretation of “some, but not all” in Kichwa, significantly lower than the 95% acceptance range observed in other languages. We hypothesized that access to technology and formal education might influence these results, leading us to simplify our experiment by eliminating the technological components of the research. In our subsequent experiment, adult speakers of Imbabura Kichwa achieved a 97% accuracy level, comparable to speakers of other languages. To benchmark our results against speakers of other languages under similar conditions, we evaluated whether Spanish speakers from two varieties in Ecuador (Quito and Guayaquil) could generate the “some, but not all” scalar implicature with the Spanish quantifier algunos. Our findings indicated that speakers achieved 95.5 and 97.4% accuracy for both varieties, respectively. Therefore, this study infers that under optimal conditions, speakers of indigenous languages in rural communities demonstrate commendable performance in experimental linguistic studies. Nonetheless, it underscores the necessity for meticulous planning and distinct handling in experimental studies involving speakers of these languages residing in rural areas without access to technological elements. We propose that such research broadens our comprehension of language utilization in minority communities and positively influences language restoration efforts by expanding experimental linguistics studies to indigenous languages.
Sustained decline in birth weight and increased rate of preterm infants born small for gestational age in Japan
Authors: Moriichi Akinori , Kuwahara Erika , Kato Narumi
Published: September 2024

Background

Birth weights have continued to decline in Japan in recent years. However, secular trend changes such as the birth weight relative to the week of gestation remain to be explored. This study aimed to determine the trends over time in mean birth weight and small for gestational age (SGA) rate for each gestational week.

Methods

We used a large dataset of 27,015,792 births obtained from birth certificates between 1997 and 2021. Births from 22 to 41 weeks of gestation were evaluated in six groups (22–24, 25–27, 28–31, 32–33, 34–36, and 37–41 weeks of gestational age). For each group, secular trend changes in the z-scores calculated from standard birth weight values were assessed. Time trends in the proportion of SGA and mean birth weight z-scores were evaluated using the Cochran–Armitage trend test and linear regression analysis. Binomial logistic regression was performed to ascertain the effects of gestational age, sex, primiparity, number of births, and maternal age on the likelihood of SGA.

Results

The mean birth weight of preterm infants continued to decrease, and the z-score for mean birth weight decreased linearly, falling to −0.7 at 25–27 weeks of gestation from 1997–2001 (first period) to 2017–2021 (final period). Maternal age continued to increase from the first period to the last period for all weeks of gestation. There was a linear increase in the SGA rate in preterm infants born at <34 weeks. Odds ratios for the likelihood of SGA were 1.3 times higher for maternal age ≥40 years than that for 25–29 years (95% CI: 1.29–1.33, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

In Japan, there has been a continuous decline in birth weight and an increase in the rate of preterm SGA infants.
The effect of upper- and lower-body exercise on next-day postprandial triglycerides in healthy young men
Authors: Zhong Zhentao , Miyachi Motohiko , Tanisawa Kumpei
Published: September 2024

Aims

High non-fasting triglycerides (TG) concentration is linked to the development of atherosclerosis, and physical activity is commonly recommended to reduce postprandial TG concentration and cardiovascular diseases. Previous studies have demonstrated that acute whole-body (walking and running) or lower-body (leg cycling) aerobic exercise reduces postprandial TG. However, it is unclear whether upper-body exercise (i.e. arm-cranking) with sufficient energy expenditure lowers postprandial TG. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of energy-matched upper- and lower-body exercises on postprandial TG concentrations the next day in healthy young men.

Method and Materials

Fifteen healthy young men (age 22.5 ± 1.7 years, height 173.8 ± 5.7 cm, body mass 68.2 ± 8.5 kg, peak oxygen uptake 48.0 ± 5.5 mL/min/kg and physically active) participated in a three-arm crossover trials: 1) arm-cranking, 2) leg-cycling exercise at 70% of mode-specific peak oxygen uptake to induce a net energy expenditure of 1,255 kJ, or 3) rested between 16:00 and 17:00 h on day 1 and consumed two standardised meals for breakfast (10:00 h) and lunch (13:00 h) on day 2. The mean macronutrient content of the breakfast was 44.9 ± 5.6 g fat, 104.8 ± 13.0 g carbohydrate, and 29.4 ± 3.6 g protein, which provided 3.95 ± 0.49 MJ energy (43% fat, 45% carbohydrate, and 12% protein), and that of the lunch was 45.2 ± 5.6 g fat, 106.7 ± 13.2 g carbohydrate, and 33.9 ± 4.2 g protein, which provided 4.06 ± 0.50 MJ energy (42% fat, 44% carbohydrate, and 14% protein).

Results

Time-averaged postprandial serum TG concentrations over 8 h differed among trials (main effect of trial p < 0.001) and were lower in the upper- and lower-body exercise trials than in the control trial (1.46 ± 0.54 vs. 1.50 ± 0.69 vs. 1.79 ± 0.83 mmol/L, respectively). The incremental TG area under the curve (AUC) (main effect of trial, p = 0.012) was 39% and 37% higher in the control trial than in the upper- and lower-body exercise trials (p = 0.025 and p = 0.033, respectively). There were no significant differences in incremental TG AUC between the upper- and lower-body exercise trials.

Conclusion

An acute bout of energy-matched upper- and lower-body exercises similarly lowered postprandial TG concentrations the following day in healthy young men.

Trial registration number: UMIN000045449.

Date of registration: 10 September 2021.
Impact of intraspecific genetic variation on interspecific competition: a theoretical case study of forage binary mixtures
Authors: Wolff Béatrice , Julier Bernadette , Louarn Gaëtan
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Increasing intraspecific genetic variation (IV) has been identified as a potential factor to improve productivity and stabilise botanical composition in plant communities. In grasslands systems, this could offer a lever to manage uncertainties of production and variability in the harvested species balance. However, little is known about the conditions to favour IV impact and the mechanisms at play.

Methods

The dependency of IV impact on traits holding it and environmental stressors were analysed using a spatially-explicit individual-based model (IBM) of grassland communities. Sixty-three binary mixtures were defined to reflect a gradient of functional divergence between species regarding light and nitrogen (N) acquisition. The growth and dynamics of these communities were simulated for one year with three possible IV levels under two environments contrasting in terms of soil N fertility.

Results and discussion

The model predicted a positive impact of moderate and high IV levels on maintaining the species balance over time, but no marked effects on mixture productivity. This stabilising effect increased at higher IV levels and under low soil N fertility. It also tended to be more pronounced in communities with intermediate functional divergence offering a significant overlap between light and N acquisition parameter values of both species. The major traits involved in the plant response to neighbours differed depending on the most contested resource, as indicated by the within-population selection of individuals with favourable N-related parameters under low N and light-related parameters under high N environments. The hypothesis that IV favours a complementarity of resource use between species was not supported. Rather, a greater spatial heterogeneity in competitive interactions was demonstrated, leading to a higher probability of growth and survival for individuals within the subordinate species. These results highlight the potential usefulness of IV to design forage mixtures with improved stability and resilience.
The mediating role of subjective social status in the association between objective socioeconomic status and mental health status: evidence from Iranian national data
Authors: Nasirpour Nastaran , Jafari Kasra , Habibi Asgarabad Mojtaba , Salehi Masoud , Amin-Esmaeili Masoumeh , Rahimi-Movaghar Afarin , Motevalian Seyed Abbas
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Low socioeconomic status (SES) is identified as a pivotal risk factor for mental health. Objective socioeconomic status (OSS) is measured by tangible resources, whereas subjective social status (SSS) reflects an individual’s perception of their OSS. A paucity of literature exists that elucidates the specific psychosocial mechanisms or pathways linking OSS with mental illness via SSS. This research aimed to explore the mediating role of SSS in the OSS-mental health association, utilizing data from the Iranian Mental Health Survey (IranMHS).

Methods

This study is a secondary analysis of data from IranMHS, a national survey conducted in 2011 through face-to-face interviews with 7,886 Iranian adults aged 15-64. As part of the original survey, the General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28) was randomly administered to half of these participants. We focused our analysis on data from 3,759 participants who completed all items of the GHQ-28. OSS was evaluated using education, occupation, wealth, and a combined OSS index, while SSS was measured using the MacArthur Scale. We examined how SSS mediates the associations between OSS factors and GHQ scores, including its four dimensions—somatic symptoms, anxiety and insomnia, social dysfunction, and severe depression— while adjusting for demographic variables and conducting gender-stratified analyses.

Results

Among the 3759 respondents, 2157 (57.4%) were women, 2110 (56.1%) lived in urban areas, with an average age of 33.1 years (SD=12.1). SSS mediated the associations between wealth and the overall GHQ score (mediation percentage: 92.3%), education (75.4%), OSS index (66.7%), and occupation (34.0%) on the GHQ score. The most significant mediation effects were observed for wealth on the somatic symptoms, social dysfunction, and depression dimensions, with SSS accounting for more than 80% of these associations.

Conclusion

The findings indicate a significant mediating role of SSS in the relationship between OSS and mental health. Enhancing our comprehension of the social determinants that moderate the relationship between objective and subjective socioeconomic status may contribute to a more nuanced understanding of the impact of SES on mental health outcomes.
The Impact of Unmet Healthcare Needs on the Perceived Health Status of Older Europeans During COVID-19
Authors: Smolić Šime , Blaževski Nikola , Fabijančić Margareta
Published: September 2024

Objectives

To examine how unmet healthcare needs and the exposure to the pandemic impacted self-reported health (SRH) among individuals aged 50 and above.

Methods

We use data from two waves of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) Corona Survey collected in 2020 and 2021 in 27 European countries and Israel (N = 42,854). Three dimensions of barriers to healthcare access were investigated: healthcare forgone, postponed, and denied. Mixed-effects logistic regression analysis was employed to explore SRH deterioration during the pandemic.

Results

Findings indicate that unmet healthcare needs decreased throughout the pandemic but significantly contributed to the worsening of SRH among older adults. Mild or severe exposure to the pandemic heightened the likelihood of reporting deteriorated SRH. Additionally, the pandemic disproportionately affected females, the oldest-old, and those living alone or facing economic vulnerability.

Conclusion

To mitigate the adverse effects on the health status of older adults, policymakers are strongly advised to prioritize addressing the healthcare needs of those who have been disproportionately affected by the pandemic.
Multicriteria Analysis of Innovation Ecosystems and the Impact of Human Capital and Investments on Brazilian Industries
Authors: Silva Neto Antonio Reinaldo , Silva Miguel Gustavo Gomes da , Taques Fernando Henrique , Poleto Thiago , Nepomuceno Thyago Celso Cavalcante , Carvalho Victor Diogho Heuer de , Monte Madson Bruno da Silva
Published: September 2024

Innovation is one of the main factors associated with industrial growth, as it contributes to increased productivity, sustainability, and international competitiveness. There is a certain degree of complexity in measuring innovation, since there are various metrics for this purpose, and each sector of the economy handles it differently. In Brazil, the Industrial Survey of Technological Innovation (PINTEC) was developed to construct sectorial indicators on innovation activities. Based on these data, this paper investigates how ten sectors of the economy performed during two historical series (2011 to 2014 and 2014 to 2017) considering five criteria linked to the innovation process and the impact of qualified human capital. The problem is analyzed in light of multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA), using preference ranking organization methods for enrichment evaluation (PROMETHEE II) to provide a ranking of Brazilian industrial sectors. The results show how the sectors have changed over the years, highlighting that innovation expenditure proved crucial in measuring companies’ commitment to innovation, but also show that a highly qualified workforce emerged as a leading factor. Furthermore, the research presents which criteria have contributed positively and negatively to each sector, which can serve as drivers for policy formulation to strengthen the Brazilian industry.