bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bismuth(III) Triflate, Bi(OTf)3: Green and Reusable Catalyst for One‐Pot Synthesis of Fused Nitrogen/Oxygen Heterocycle Derivatives
Authors: Mehta Anand W. , Patil Ragini C. , Ahmed Sumeer , Alam Manawwer , Wahab Rizwan , Sheikh S. A. , Saleh Abdullah I. , Tataringa Gabriela , Bhat Ajmal R.
Published: October 2024

There is an increasing demand for the development of catalytic reagents that are nontoxic due to the growing environmental concerns in the present organic transformation. Bismuth(III) compounds have significant potential as catalysts for a range of organic synthesis due to their low toxicity, strong Lewis acid catalytic activity, and great flexibility. In this research work, a series of various chemically and pharmacologically important six‐membered fused nitrogen‐/oxygen‐based heterocycle derivatives were efficiently prepared via a one‐pot multicomponent reaction starting from aromatic aldehydes, malononitrile, and barbituric acid in presence of green and reusable Lewis catalyst bismuth(III) triflate, that is, Bi(OTf)3 in EtOH/H2O (1:1) media. Bi(OTf)3 has the additional benefit of being reusable catalyst, ready availability, eco‐friendliness, and easy to handle to obtain corresponding products in excellent yields (83%–94%). Structure of all synthesized products was characterized on the basis of FT‐IR, 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, and ESI–MS analysis.
Modeling with generalized flux theory for computational investigation of thermal enhancement in fluid with tri‐, di‐, and mono‐nanoparticles
Authors: Madkhali Hadi Ali , Nawaz M. , Haneef Maryam , Alharbi Sayer Obaid , Salmi Abdelatif , Al‐Zubaidi A.
Published: October 2024

To study the influence of several factors (tri‐nanoparticles and relaxation time related to momentum, thermal, and concentration) on non‐Fourier transport of heat and mass, mathematical models are developed. The cases of tri‐, di‐, and mono‐nanofluids are considered. Flow and transport scenarios are translated into mathematical equations for which conservation laws and correlations for thermophysical properties are used. Boundary layer simplifications are used to approximate these mathematical models. The nondimensional set of problems is numerically solved using the finite element method (FEM). The solutions that are convergent and mesh‐free are obtained. The outcomes are compared to existing benchmarks. There is excellent consistency between the current and published results. The viscoelastic behaviors related to momentum, thermal, and solutal relaxation times are examined. It is also investigated how tri‐nanoparticles improve heat transmission in flow. The wall shear stresses for the mono‐, di‐, and tri‐nanofluids are calculated against momentum relaxation time. It is observed that tri‐nanofluid exerts the highest stress on the surfaces over which it flows. Therefore, while using these fluids, the surface should be ensured to bear the stresses; otherwise, failure of the system may take place. Thus, industrial applications and additional capability of surface be ensured. This looks at influence the Deborah number on the fluid motion. Deborah number is straightforwardly connected with relaxation time and it is found that higher is Deborah number lower will be the speed of fluid. As a consequence, viscous region will be narrow down. Thus, viscous dominant region is controllable by the using fluid of higher relaxation time. A significant enhancement in the thermal performance of Maxwell fluid occurs via the dispersion of tri‐nanoparticles ().
Non‐Newtonian fluid flow over a stretching sheet in a porous medium with variable thermal conductivity under magnetohydrodynamics influence
Authors: Anwar Muhammad Shoaib , Irfan Muhammad , Muhammad Taseer
Published: October 2024

The magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) Williamson fluid model close to a moving surface is thoroughly analysed in this work, taking into account the effects of changing thermal conductivity, and diffusion. The overall dynamics of flow are affected by the major influence of thermal conductivity variations on heat transfer. The nonlinear partial differential equations governing the system are converted into ODEs by similarity transformations, taking into consideration the effects of porous media using the Darcy model. The Runge–Kutta fourth‐order (RK4) method is used to numerically solve these equations, making it easier to examine incompressible fluid flow on the moving surface. The findings provide important new understandings of the intricate flow patterns and the development of shear layers brought about by the fluid‐surface interaction at varied thermal conductivity levels. These results improve our understanding of fluid dynamics in geophysical and atmospheric environments and are essential for the design and optimisation of engineering applications with changeable thermal characteristics.
Improving solar HVAC performance by incorporating sutterby SiO2–Cu/C3H8O2 hybrid nanofluid flow via a collocation based Gegenbauer wavelets technique: Effects of electromagnetic control and Smoluchowksi's temperature slippage
Authors: Obalalu Adebowale M. , Darvesh Adil , Abbas Amir , Eladeb Aboulbaba , Alsayegh Rajab , Rajhi Wajdi , Kolsi Lioua
Published: October 2024

The utilization of solar energy in heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems has gained significant attention as a sustainable and environmentally friendly solution to meet the increasing energy demands. Therefore, this research work introduces a novel engineering study that explores solar‐HVAC systems. However, the study utilized hybrid nanofluids (HNFs) consisting of silicon dioxide and copper nanoparticles, with propylene glycol serving as the base fluid. Furthermore, this exploration features a magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) driven rotating flow with activation energy to enhance the heat transfer performance of solar‐HVAC systems. To increase the model novelty, 3D mathematical models were developed to characterize boundary conditions, which include the speed slippery and Smoluchowski temperature slippage. The partial differential equations in the model are transformed into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) through the use of similarity transformations. The Wavelets and Gegenbauer wavelets method in Mathematica was utilized to solve ODEs and investigate physical attributes such as plate friction, Nusselt number, Sherwood number, and mass flux. The findings show that the solar thermal radiation and magnetic field improve the thermal transfer efficiency of solar‐HVAC. Therefore, the findings of the research have practical applications in solar energy for HVAC systems and can contribute to technological improvements in the manufacturing industry.
Vector superstrata. Part II
Authors: Čeplak Nejc , Hampton Shaun D.
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Microstate geometries are proposed microstates of black holes which can be described within supergravity. Even though their number may not reproduce the full entropy of black holes with finite-sized horizons, they still offer a glimpse into the microscopic structure of black holes. In this paper we construct a new set of microstate geometries of the supersymmetric D1-D5-P black hole, where the momentum charge is carried by a vector field, as seen from the perspective of six-dimensional supergravity. To aid our construction, we develop an algorithm which solves a complicated partial differential equation using the regularity of the geometries. The new solutions are asymptotically AdS3 × S3, and have a long, but finite AdS2 throat that caps off without ever developing a horizon. These microstate geometries have a holographic interpretation as coherent superpositions of heavy states in the boundary D1-D5 CFT. We identify the states which are dual to our newly constructed solutions and carry out some basic consistency checks to support our identification.
Effects of cognitive training and group psychotherapy on cognitive performance of post COVID-19 patients: an exploratory and non-randomized clinical trial
Authors: Jebrini Tarek , Thomas Anabel , Sachenbacher Simone , Heimkes Fides , Karch Susanne , Goerigk Stephan , Ruzicka Michael , Fonseca Gerardo Jesus Ibarra , Wunderlich Nora , Benesch Christopher , Pernpruner Anna , Heindl Bernhard , Stubbe Hans Christian , Uebleis Aline Olivia , Grosse-Wentrup Fabienne , Adorjan Kristina
Published: October 2024

Cognitive complaints are common signs of the Post COVID-19 (PC) condition, but the extent and type of cognitive impairment may be heterogeneous. Little is known about neuropsychological treatment options. Preliminary evidence suggests cognitive symptoms may improve with cognitive training and naturally over time. In this clinical trial, we examined whether participation in a weekly group consisting of cognitive training and group psychotherapy is feasible and would exert beneficial effects on cognitive performance in PC and whether improvements were associated with intervention group participation or represented a temporal improvement effect during syndrome progression. 15 PC patients underwent an 8-week intervention. Cognitive performance was assessed before and after each intervention group participation. A control group of 15 PC patients with subjective neurocognitive or psychiatric complaints underwent two cognitive assessments with comparable time intervals without group participation. To attribute changes to the intervention group participation, interaction effects of group participation and time were checked for significance. This is an exploratory, non-randomized, non-blinded controlled clinical trial. Within the intervention group, significant improvements were found for most cognitive measures. However, significant time x group interactions were only detected in some dimensions of verbal memory and visuo-spatial construction skills. Significant time effects were observed for attention, concentration, memory, executive functions, and processing speed. The intervention setting was feasible and rated as helpful and relevant by the patients. Our results suggest that cognitive symptoms of PC patients may improve over time. Patients affected by both neurocognitive impairments and mental disorders benefit from group psychotherapy and neurocognitive training. The present study provides evidence for a better understanding of the dynamic symptomatology of PC and might help to develop further studies addressing possible therapy designs. The main limitations of this exploratory feasibility trial are the small sample size as well as the non-randomized design due to the clinical setting.
Reductions in inpatient and outpatient mental health care in germany during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic – What can we learn for a better crisis preparedness?
Authors: Baum Fabian , Schmitt Jochen , Nagel Oliver , Jacob Josephine , Seifert Martin , Adorjan Kristina , Tüscher Oliver , Lieb Klaus , Hölzel Lars Peer , Wiegand Hauke Felix
Published: October 2024

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, reports from several European mental health care systems hinted at important changes in utilization. So far, no study examined changes in utilization in the German mental health care inpatient and outpatient mental health care system comprehensively. Methods: This longitudinal observational study used claims data from two major German statutory health insurances, AOK PLUS and BKK, covering 162,905 inpatients and 2,131,186 outpatients with mental disorders nationwide. We analyzed changes in inpatient and outpatient mental health service utilization over the course of the first two lockdown phases (LDPs) of the pandemic in 2020 compared to a pre-COVID-19 reference period dating from March 2019 to February 2020 using a time series forecast model. Results: We observed significant decreases in the number of inpatient hospital admissions by 24–28% compared to the reference period. Day clinic admissions were even further reduced by 44–61%. Length of stay was significantly decreased for day clinic care but not for inpatient care. In the outpatient sector, the data showed a significant reduction in the number of incident outpatient diagnoses. Conclusion: Indirect evidence regarding the consequences of the reductions in both the inpatient and outpatient sector of care described in this study is ambiguous and direct evidence on treatment outcomes and quality of trans-sectoral mental healthcare is sparse. In line with WHO and OECD we propose a comprehensive mental health system surveillance to prepare for a better oversight and thereby a better resilience during future global major disruptions.
Transcriptomic analyses in the gametophytes of the apomictic fern Dryopteris affinis
Authors: Ojosnegros Sara , Alvarez José Manuel , Gagliardini Valeria , Quintanilla Luis G. , Grossniklaus Ueli , Fernández Helena
Published: October 2024

Main conclusion

A novel genomic map of the apogamous gametophyte of the fern Dryopteris affinis unlocks oldest hindrance with this complex plant group, to gain insight into evo-devo approaches.

The gametophyte of the fern Dryopteris affinis ssp. affinis represents a good model to explore the molecular basis of vegetative and reproductive development, as well as stress responses. Specifically, this fern reproduces asexually by apogamy, a peculiar case of apomixis whereby a sporophyte forms directly from a gametophytic cell without fertilization. Using RNA-sequencing approach, we have previously annotated more than 6000 transcripts. Here, we selected 100 of the inferred proteins homolog to those of Arabidopsis thaliana, which were particularly interesting for a detailed study of their potential functions, protein–protein interactions, and distance trees. As expected, a plethora of proteins associated with gametogenesis and embryogenesis in angiosperms, such as FERONIA (FER) and CHROMATING REMODELING 11 (CHR11) were identified, and more than a dozen candidates potentially involved in apomixis, such as ARGONAUTE family (AGO4, AGO9, and AGO 10), BABY BOOM (BBM), FASCIATED STEM4 (FAS4), FERTILIZATION-INDEPENDENT ENDOSPERM (FIE), and MATERNAL EFFECT EMBRYO ARREST29 (MEE29). In addition, proteins involved in the response to biotic and abiotic stresses were widely represented, as shown by the enrichment of heat-shock proteins. Using the String platform, the interactome revealed that most of the protein–protein interactions were predicted based on experimental, database, and text mining datasets, with MULTICOPY SUPPRESSOR OF IRA4 (MSI4) showing the highest number of interactions: 16. Lastly, some proteins were studied through distance trees by comparing alignments with respect to more distantly or closely related plant groups. This analysis identified DCL4 as the most distant protein to the predicted common ancestor. New genomic information in relation to gametophyte development, including apomictic reproduction, could expand our current vision of evo-devo approaches.
Osteoporose – Definition, Risikoerfassung, Diagnose, Prävention und Therapie (Update 2024)
Authors: Dimai Hans Peter , Muschitz Christian , Amrein Karin , Bauer Rosemarie , Cejka Daniel , Gasser Rudolf Wolfgang , Gruber Reinhard , Haschka Judith , Hasenöhrl Timothy , Kainberger Franz , Kerschan-Schindl Katharina , Kocijan Roland , König Jürgen , Kroißenbrunner Norbert , Kuchler Ulrike , Oberforcher Christine , Ott Johannes , Pfeiler Georg , Pietschmann Peter , Puchwein Paul , Schmidt-Ilsinger Alexander , Zwick Ralf Harun , Fahrleitner-Pammer Astrid
Published: October 2024

Hintergrund

Österreich zählt zu den Ländern mit der höchsten Inzidenz und Prävalenz osteoporotischer Frakturen weltweit. Leitlinien zur Prävention und zum Management der Osteoporose wurden erstmals im Jahr 2010 unter der Schirmherrschaft des damaligen Hauptverbandes der Österreichischen Sozialversicherungsträger veröffentlicht und im Jahr 2017 aktualisiert. Die vorliegende umfassend aktualisierte Leitlinie der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Knochen- und Mineralstoffwechsel (ÖGKM) richtet sich an Ärztinnen und Ärzte aller Fachrichtungen sowie an Entscheidungsträger und Institutionen im österreichischen Gesundheitssystem. Ziel dieser Leitlinie ist es, die Qualität der medizinischen Versorgung von Patienten mit Osteoporose und osteoporotischen Frakturen in Österreich zu stärken und zu verbessern.

Methoden

Evidenzbasierte Empfehlungen wurden unter Berücksichtigung randomisierter kontrollierter Studien, systematischer Reviews und Metaanalysen sowie europäischer und internationaler Quellleitlinien zur Osteoporose, welche bis zum 1. Juni 2023 veröffentlicht wurden, erstellt. Die verwendeten Empfehlungsstärken („bedingt“ und „stark“) basieren auf der Stärke der jeweiligen Evidenzgrade. Letztere orientieren sich an den SIGN-Kriterien (1++ bis 3), welche in NOGG-Kriterien (Ia bis IV) transformiert wurden.

Ergebnisse

Die Leitlinie umfasst alle Aspekte im Zusammenhang mit Osteoporose und osteoporotischen Frakturen, einschließlich sekundärer Ursachen, Prävention, Diagnose, Erfassung der 10-Jahres-Frakturwahrscheinlichkeit mittels FRAX®, Ermittlung FRAX®-basierter Österreich-spezifischer Interventionsschwellen, medikamentöser und nichtmedikamentöser Therapieoptionen sowie Möglichkeiten des Therapiemonitorings. Empfehlungen für den niedergelassenen Bereich und Entscheidungsträger und Institutionen im österreichischen Gesundheitssystem berücksichtigen strukturierte Versorgungsmodelle sowie Möglichkeiten zur gezielten Vorsorge.

Schlussfolgerung

Die vorliegende Leitlinie stellt umfassende, evidenzbasierte Informationen sowie Handlungsanleitungen zum Krankheitsbild der Osteoporose zur Verfügung. Es ist davon auszugehen, dass die Qualität der Versorgung von Personen mit diesem Krankheitsbild in allen Ebenen des österreichischen Gesundheitswesens entscheidend verbessert werden kann.
Epidermal distribution of tetrodotoxin-rich cells in newly hatched larvae of Takifugu spp.
Authors: Inahashi Keishiro , Yonezawa Ryo , Hayashi Kentaro , Watanabe Soichi , Yoshitake Kazutoshi , Smith Ashley Rinka , Kaneko Yui , Watanabe Inori , Suo Rei , Kinoshita Shigeharu , Rafiuddin Muhammad Ahya , Seki Yuki , Nagami Arata , Matsubara Hajime , Suzuki Nobuo , Takatani Tomohiro , Arakawa Osamu , Suzuki Miwa , Asakawa Shuichi , Itoi Shiro
Published: October 2024

Pufferfish of the genus Takifugu possess tetrodotoxin (TTX), known as “pufferfish toxin” and it is believed that pufferfish eggs and newly hatched larvae utilize TTX as a defensive substance against predators. However, the mechanism for the placement of TTX to specific cells on the larval body surface during the developmental process remains unknown. In this study, we clarify the distribution and characteristics of TTX-rich cells. We performed whole-mount immunohistochemistry (IHC) using anti-TTX monoclonal antibody on larvae of two pufferfish species, Takifugu rubripes and Takifugu alboplumbeus, just after hatching. This allowed observation of the TTX location and compared it with those of wheat germ agglutinin (WGA)-positive (periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive) cells for mucous cells and IHC using anti-Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) monoclonal antibody for ionocytes. As a result, uniformly scattered localization of TTX-rich cells was commonly observed in the epidermis of the larvae of the two Takifugu species. TTX-rich cells were WGA-negative (PAS-negative) and structurally distinct from NKA-positive cells, suggesting that TTX-rich cells are unreported small cells unique to pufferfish skin, but not mucous cells nor ionocytes.
Pedagogy of Belonging: Cultivating wellbeing literacy in higher education
Authors: Lemon Narelle , O’Brien Siobhan , Later Naja , Britton Shaun , Prendergast Julia
Published: October 2024

Wellbeing literacy is the capability to set intentions and comprehend and compose wellbeing language. This is cultivated and embodied across contexts with the intention of maintaining or improving the wellbeing of oneself, others, or the world. In this paper, as co-authors we share the way we understand our wellbeing as educators in higher education, that is, through a Pedagogy of Belonging. Belonging is one of the domains to our wellbeing as academics and educators, as well as students in the studied higher education learning context. Pedagogy of Belonging helps us develop our wellbeing literacy individually and collectively. Through an authentic inquiry framed by hermeneutic phenomenology, we highlight four vignettes, showcasing what this looks like across different disciplines located in one school of an Australian university. In these vignettes, we look at what it means to engage with diverse areas of wellbeing that enhance our collective capacity to flourish. We have paused, listening deeply to our academic and wellbeing needs, addressing these together to develop a shared language that supports our wellbeing. We describe the valuing of meaning, curiosity associated with relationship building, multi-modal ways of being with each other, passion, and positive emotions that promote academic wellbeing capabilities that, in turn, support, develop, and sustain a wellbeing literacy. In demonstrating how a wellbeing literacy can be developed, maintained, and/or improved, we open new avenues of investigation that interrupt the dehumanising of higher education learning contexts.
Exploring iterative and non-iterative Fourier series-based methods of control optimization in application to a discontinuous capsule drive model
Authors: Zarychta Sandra , Balcerzak Marek , Wojewoda Jerzy
Published: October 2024

The paper explains iterative and non-iterative approaches to control optimization with use of the Fourier series-based method. Both variants of the presented algorithm are used to numerically approximate optimal control of a discontinuous pendulum capsule drive. Firstly, the general algorithm and its two realizations (iterative and non-iterative) are presented. It is shown that the iterative variant assures non-decreasing quality of solutions in subsequent repetitions of the procedure and the background of such guarantees is explained. A numerical example follows: control of a self-propelled capsule drive is optimized using both approaches. Results are compared and discussed. It is expected that the presented methods can be useful in optimal control estimation for complex systems, particularly discontinuous ones.
Risk factors underlining reproductive performance in smallholder beef cattle herds of South Africa
Authors: Nkadimeng Marble , Van Marle-Köster Este , Nengovhela Nkhanedzeni B. , Ramukhithi Fhulufhelo V. , Mphaphathi Masindi L. , Rust Johannes M. , Makgahlela Mahlako L.
Published: October 2024

Improving the historically low reproductive performance of beef cattle in smallholder systems is essential for its productivity and profitability. Therefore, identifying and addressing risk factors associated with low performance in this system present an opportunity for improvement. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of animal and management risk factors on pregnancy rate (PR), fetal and calf loss (FC), calving interval (CI) and days open (DO) in smallholder beef cattle farms. A multi-stage selection approach was conducted in five provinces of South Africa. Cow records (3694) collected from 40 smallholder herds over two years (2018–2019) were analysed. Data on animal and herd management factors including body condition score (BCS), cow age class, breed type, lactation status, culling old/non-productive cows, record-keeping, and breeding and calving seasons were recorded. The GLIMMIX procedure was computed to determine risk factors associated with performance indicators (PR, FC, CI and DO). Risk factors highly associated with performance were breed type, BCS, cow-age class and breeding/calving season (P ≤ 0.05). Indicators FC, DO and CI increased with decreased BCS, autumn calving seasons, and in first calvers and aged cows. Whereas, PR increased with increasing odds of BCS and breeding seasons between December-March, November-February and January-March. Optimizing reproductive performance in smallholder beef cattle herds may involve managing cow body condition, breeding with adapted genotypes and synchronizing breeding with favourable seasons. Therefore, record keeping and regular monitoring of herd nutrition, climate and breed performance may be significant in improving reproductive performance in smallholder herds.
Wildlife as Reservoirs of Encephalitozoon Cuniculi and Encephalitozoon Hellem and Molecular Genotyping of Encephalitozoon spp. in Small Mammals in the Czech Republic
Authors: Bártová Eva , Marková Jiřina , Žákovská Alena , Čadková Zuzana , Budíková Marie
Published: October 2024

Purpose

Parasites of genus Encephalitozoon are well known pathogens of domestic animals however less attention was paid to its spread among wildlife that can play an important role of reservoir of infection. The aim of the study was to conduct molecular detection and genotype characterization of Encephalitozoon spp. in wild small mammals trapped in localities both near to and at a large distance from residential areas.

Methods

In total, 300 wild small mammals (274 Rodentia and 26 Eulipotyphla) were trapped in 41 localities of the Czech Republic and tested by nested PCR for Encephalitozoon spp.

Results

The DNA of Encephalitozoon spp. was proved in tissues (brain or liver) of 11% (32/300) of animals. There was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) in positivity among animal species with the most infected species Micromys minutus (50%, 4/8) and Myodes glareolus (17%, 9/53). There was also statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) between localities with the higher positivity (29%, 12/42) in localities near to residential areas, compared to localities with a large distance from residential areas (8%, 20/258). Sex and age of wild small mammals did not have effect on their positivity. Genotyping analysis revealed E. cuniculi genotype II in 22 samples and E. hellem genotype 1 A in one sample.

Conclusion

This study brings new information on the molecular characterization of Encephalitozoon spp. isolated from wild small mammals trapped in two different areas (localities in near to residential areas and localities with a large distance from residential areas).
Transitioning Adolescents and Young Adults with Lipid Disorders to Adult Health Care
Authors: Schmitt Christopher , Yohannan Thomas M.
Published: October 2024

Purpose of Review

Pediatric healthcare providers have increasingly become aware of the need for timely and informative transition of adolescents and young adults with chronic medical conditions such as diabetes and cystic fibrosis. However, there is paucity of published data on the importance of and most effective way to transition youth with lipid disorders who are at increased risk of premature cardiovascular disease.

Recent Findings

Evidence shows that atherosclerosis begins at a young age. However, there are no guidelines on the transition of adolescents and young adults with dyslipidemia. In addition, there are conflicting guidelines for lipid management in children versus adults, despite advances in medical pharmacotherapies for dyslipidemia.

The lack of guidelines for transition and discordant recommendations for management of this vulnerable population places young adults at-risk for worsening of their underlying disease, and premature cardiovascular events.
Belimumab 10 years later: how drug positioning has changed
Authors: Ceccarelli Fulvia , Natalucci Francesco , Ciancarella Claudia , Picciariello Licia , Moretti Valeria , Spinelli Francesca Romana , Alessandri Cristiano , Conti Fabrizio
Published: October 2024

We analysed the change in the positioning of belimumab (BLM) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) treatment in the first decade of real-life use, by providing data about patients treated by this biological drug in the Sapienza Lupus Cohort. We evaluated SLE patients treated by BLM according to the current clinical practice. Data of each patient were collected, focusing on previous and concomitant treatments. Finally, the drug retention rate was assessed. Since August 2013, 138 SLE patients started BLM (M/F 7/131; median age 49 years, IQR 13.25; median disease duration 214 months, IQR 180). To evaluate the change in BLM positioning, we divided patients according to the date of starting treatment as below: patients treated from 2013 to 2018 (period 1) and those treated since 2019 to date (period 2). Indeed, the median number of previous immunosuppressant drugs was significantly higher in patients treated in period 1 [3 (IQR 1.25) versus 1 (IQR 1.75), p = 0.0002]. Furthermore, 15.9% of patients treated in period 2 were not previously treated by immunosuppressant drugs, compared with 5.2% in period 1 (p = 0.01). Finally, the 24-month drug survival was significantly higher in patients previously treated with ≤ 1 immunosuppressant drug in comparison with those treated with ≥ 2 drugs (69.1% versus 43.4%, p = 0.0097, HR 0.49; 95% CI 0.27–0.88). Our data clearly described the progressive anticipation of BLM prescription in the first 10 years of clinical practice, underlining as choosing earlier biological agents could positively influence the drug retention rate.
Strategic implications of the US-China semiconductor rivalry
Authors: Hamdani Manal , Belfencha Ismail
Published: October 2024

The ongoing trade war between China and the United States has had a far-reaching impact on a global scale. This rivalry has been most obvious in the semiconductor industry. The two nations have found themselves in a tense geopolitical situation where any economic attack by either side would affect all parties involved. This paper aims to explore the origins of this conflict and highlight the key actions taken by each country, as well as the consequences of those actions. Additionally, it highlights the areas of interdependence between China and the US (i.e., American high-tech chips and Chinese rare earth materials). The study utilizes the theory of weaponizing independence and game theory’s Prisoner’s Dilemma to conclude that while both China and the US have suffered negative consequences due to this conflict, China's latest technological advancements in the 7nm chip and their supply of rare earth materials have given them a stronger hand in the game.
Drug-like screening, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and binding free energies on the interaction of pyrazole derivatives as inhibitors of lysosomal storage disorders and anticancer activity
Authors: Edache Emmanuel Israel , Adedayo Adebiyi , Dawi Hadiza Adamu , Ugbe Fabian Audu
Published: October 2024

Lysosomal membrane proteins (LAMPs) are a primary target for treating tumors because of their essential role in the cancer life cycle. In this study, some computational approaches, including drug-like screening, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies coupled with the binding free energy, have been conducted to explore the putative binding modes of pyrazole derivatives as inhibitors of lysosomal storage disorders. Certain pyrazole derivatives outperformed typical medications in molecular docking experiments against the LAMPs receptor; among other substances, molecules CID 44555488 and 45,487,645 were deemed ideal. Additionally, these ligands (CID 44555488 and 45,487,645) were projected to be orally accessible in humans after successfully passing five separate drug-likeness criteria. In the end, it was anticipated that these ligands, CID 44555488 and 45,487,645, would have minimal human toxicity and good ADMET properties, particularly in terms of GI absorption and the lack of P-gp interaction. Compounds CID 44555488 and 45,487,645 with high predicted binding affinities were subjected to further molecular dynamics simulations based on the molecular docking data, and their potential binding mechanisms were investigated. The study's description of the structure-based drug design approach will be very helpful in the creation of novel inhibitors with excellent selectivity and potency.
Incidence angle dependency and seasonal evolution of L and C-band SAR backscatter over landfast sea ice
Authors: Karlsen Truls , Johansson Malin , Lohse Johannes , Doulgeris Anthony P.
Published: October 2024

We estimate sea-ice type specific incidence angle (IA) dependencies for dual polarized (HH/HV) L and C-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) for the winter, melt onset and advanced melt seasons for level and deformed ice, using time-series of Advanced Land Observing Satellite-2 (ALOS-2) and Sentinel-1 imagery off the north-east coast of Greenland. The IA dependencies are used to radiometrically correct the L and C-band backscatter time-series, which enables analysis of their seasonal evolution. From this, we observe that the L-band backscatter intensity increases for both ice types at the transition from winter to melt onset. We use these results to estimate ice type separability and to train an IA aware Bayesian classifier at both frequencies. These results show that while both frequencies are capable of distinguishing level and deformed ice during the winter, only L-band SAR can reliably make this separation during the melt onset season. During the advanced melt season, the overall classification accuracies are similarly low for L and C-band. This study demonstrates the potential of L-band SAR for sea-ice mapping, which is highly relevant in the light of several upcoming L-band SAR missions.
Daniel Kahneman and the concept of the true self
Authors: Sugden Robert
Published: October 2024

Kahneman and Tversky's ‘Prospect Theory’ paper famously demolishes expected utility theory as a predictive device. However, it presents deviations from that theory as ‘normatively unacceptable’ and argues that decision-makers would normally correct them when possible. In a later paper, Kahneman rejects a similar argument (the ‘discovered preference’ hypothesis) advanced by Plott. Later still, Kahneman endorses Sunstein and Thaler's ‘libertarian paternalism’, which aims to help people avoid deviating from their ‘true’ preferences. I report an email correspondence between Kahneman and me in which we debated whether his position on libertarian paternalism was consistent with his critique of Plott's hypothesis.
The Translational Science Benefits Model, a new training tool for demonstrating implementation science impact: A pilot study
Authors: Andersen Stephanie , Wilson Annalee , Combs Todd , Brossart Laura , Heidbreder Julie , McCrary Stacey , Beidas Rinad S. , Cabassa Leopoldo J. , Finley Erin P. , McGinty Emma E. , Purtle Jonathan , Saldana Lisa , Proctor Enola , Luke Douglas
Published: October 2024

Introduction:

Demonstrating the impact of implementation science presents a new frontier for the field, and operationalizing downstream impact is challenging. The Translational Science Benefits Model (TSBM) offers a new approach for assessing and demonstrating research impact. Here we describe integration of the TSBM into a mentored training network.

Methods:

Washington University’s Clinical and Translational Science Awards TSBM team collaborated with a National Institute of Mental Health-supported training program, the Implementation Research Institute (IRI), a 2-year training institute in mental health implementation science. This partnership included three phases: (1) introductory workshop on research impact, (2) workshop on demonstrating impact, and (3) sessions to guide dissemination, including interactive tools and consultation with the TSBM research team. Fifteen IRI alumni were invited to participate in the pilot; six responded agreeing to participate in the training, develop TSBM case studies, and provide feedback about their experiences. Participants applied the tools and gave feedback on design, usability, and content. We present their case studies and describe how the IRI used the results to incorporate TSBM into future trainings.

Results:

The case studies identified 40 benefits spanning all four TSBM domains, including 21 community, 11 policy, five economic, and three clinical benefits. Participants reported that TSBM training helped them develop a framework for talking about impact. Selecting benefits was challenging for early-stage projects, suggesting the importance of early training.

Conclusions:

The case studies showcased the institute’s impact and the fellows’ work and informed refinement of tools and methods for incorporating TSBM into future IRI training.
Lateral migration of a deformable fluid particle in a square channel flow of viscoelastic fluid
Authors: Naseer Hafiz Usman , Izbassarov Daulet , Ahmed Zaheer , Muradoglu Metin
Published: October 2024

Cross-stream migration of a deformable fluid particle is investigated computationally in a pressure-driven channel flow of a viscoelastic fluid via interface-resolved simulations. Flow equations are solved fully coupled with the Giesekus model equations using an Eulerian–Lagrangian method and extensive simulations are performed for a wide range of flow parameters to reveal the effects of particle deformability, fluid elasticity, shear thinning and fluid inertia on the particle migration dynamics. Migration rate of a deformable particle is found to be much higher than that of a solid particle under similar flow conditions mainly due to the free-slip condition on its surface. It is observed that the direction of particle migration can be altered by varying shear thinning of the ambient fluid. With a strong shear thinning, the particle migrates towards the wall while it migrates towards the channel centre in a purely elastic fluid without shear thinning. An onset of elastic flow instability is observed beyond a critical Weissenberg number, which in turn causes a path instability even for a nearly spherical particle. An inertial path instability is also observed once particle deformation exceeds a critical value. Shear thinning is found to be suppressing the path instability in a viscoelastic fluid with a high polymer concentration whereas it reverses its role and promotes path instability in a dilute polymer solution. It is found that migration of a deformable particle towards the wall induces a secondary flow with a velocity that is approximately an order of magnitude higher than the one induced by a solid particle under similar flow conditions.
Russia’s Autocratic Resilience and the Sources of Political Change: Lankina’s Estate Origins
Authors: Rosenfeld Bryn
Published: October 2024

In Estate Origins, Tomila Lankina sheds new light on the logic of persistence and resilience in the Russian social structure that shapes political possibilities in Russia to the present day. It is a wonderful and rewarding read on the historical origins of social requisites of democracy, such as greater civic activism and more pluralistic political competition. To understand variation in attitudinal and behavioral support for democracy in contemporary Russia, according to Lankina, we must go back to tsarist Russia’s estate institutions. A set of institutions that codified the rights and privileges of different social groups, the estates system created incentives for an eclectic and growing stratum of urban dwellers known as meshchane to invest in education while simultaneously fostering the creation of institutional “infrastructures”—professions, educational institutions, charitable, civic, and local governance bodies—that retained during the communist period a degree of autonomy vis-à-vis the state. This, Lankina argues, allowed the meshchane’s distinct value orientations to persist over time.
Predicting the geographical potential distribution of species Opisina arenosella Walker in China under different climate scenarios based on the MaxEnt model
Authors: Wang Zhiling , Zhuo Zhihang , Peng Yaqin , Xu Danping
Published: October 2024

As global warming increases with the frequency of extreme weather, the distribution of species is inevitably affected. Among them, highly damaging invasive species are of particular concern. Being able to effectively predict the geographic distribution of invasive species and future distribution trends is a key entry point for their control. Opisina arenosella Walker is an invasive species, and its ability to live on the backs of foliage and generate canals to hide adds to the difficulty of control. In this paper, the current and future distributions of O. arenosella under three typical emission scenarios in 2050 and 2090 are projected based on the MaxEnt model combining 19 bioclimatic variables. Filter through the variables to find the four key environment variables: BIO 1, BIO 6, BIO 11 and BIO 4. The results show that O. arenosella is distributed only in the eight provinces of Tibet, Yunnan, Fujian, Guangxi, Taiwan, Guangdong, Hong Kong and Hainan in the southeastern region. Its high suitability area is concentrated in Taiwan and Hainan. In the long run, highly suitable areas will continue to increase in size, while moderately suitable areas and poorly suitable areas will decrease to varying degrees. This paper aims to provide theoretical references for the control of O. arenosella.
Potential utility of RSAD2 transcript and protein in early detection of pregnancy in buffaloes
Authors: Singh Samridhi , Choudhary Ratan Kumar
Published: October 2024

This study investigates a novel early pregnancy marker in water buffaloes, focusing on RSAD2 mRNA expression, known to be upregulated by interferon-tau (IFNT) during pregnancy. While RSAD2 is primarily recognized for its antiviral effect, we hypothesized its role as a conceptus-induced component in regulating pregnancy in buffaloes. Given its differential expression compared to other IFNT-induced genes in cows, RSAD2 may serve as a biomarker for early pregnancy detection in buffaloes. RNA, cDNA, and plasma samples were obtained from archived samples collected before insemination (d0) and at d20, d25 and d40 after insemination. Twelve RNA samples, having optimal optical density and concentration, from six pregnant and six non-pregnant buffaloes were selected. The cDNA was analyzed to measure the abundance of RSAD2 mRNA using real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and plasma for protein expression analysis using Western blot. The RT-qPCR analysis showed a transcript of RSAD2 increased significantly by 7-fold and 6-fold on d20 and d25, compared to both d0 and d40 in the pregnant group only. At d20, the sensitivity of RSAD2 was 100% and the specificity was 83.3%, and at d25-d both the sensitivity and specificity was 100%, indicating low incidences of misdiagnosing early pregnancy in buffaloes. In the non-pregnant group, RSAD2 expression remained low and did not change after insemination. Western blot analysis revealed an immunoreactive RSAD2 protein band. Densitometry analysis of the RSAD2-specific protein band, based on gray mean value, showed significantly increased expression of RSAD2 at d25 compared to d0 in the pregnant group. In conclusion, these results indicated that RSAD2 expressions at both the mRNA and protein levels show promising potential for detecting pregnancy at d25 post-insemination.
Criminalising survivors of modern slavery: the United Kingdom’s National Referral Mechanism as a border-making process
Authors: Lumley-Sapanski Audrey , Rodriguez-Huerta Edgar , Young Matthew , Nicholson Andrea , Schwarz Katarina
Published: October 2024

The United Kingdom’s National Referral Mechanism (NRM) is a framework for identifying potential victims of modern slavery (slavery, servitude, forced labour or human trafficking) and ensuring that they receive adequate care. This research explores differences in referrals and outcomes of potential modern slavery victims within the NRM on the basis of individual attributes, geography and first responder. Findings are based on exploratory analysis of data on 55,000 cases released by the Home Office in spring 2022 plus data from four Freedom of Information requests. Findings confirm that there are significant differences in rates of positive outcomes between native and immigrant groups, with native populations more likely to receive positive conclusive grounds (CG) decisions. Our key contribution is in identification of the role of the first responder in negatively influencing outcomes for victims of particular forms of exploitation. We suggest the differences in outcomes may be explained by the dual role played by first responders within the immigration system in identifying victims and implementing immigration control measures. We situate this finding within a broader critical migration literature on polymorphous borders pointing to the NRM as one mechanism through which bodies are differentially excluded from territorial access and associated rights or benefits.
Legal challenges of attributing malicious cyber activities against space activities
Authors: Li Du
Published: October 2024

Malicious cyber activities against space activities (MCASAs) add to the complexities of the legal attribution of malicious cyber activities violating international law. The ‘space’ implies the possibility of applying international space law considering the lex specialis derogat legi generali (more specific rules will prevail over more general rules) principle. However, neither the attribution rules of international space law nor of general international law could completely tackle this dilemma. This study categorizes MCASAs into three categories based on the role of the involved space activities and analyses the crux of legal attribution in each scenario. It proposes different coping approaches, including a four-pronged way, introducing a peculiarity test, and specifying substantive international obligations of the states responsible for space activities.
Atrial flow regulator in transposition of the great arteries, ventricular septal defect, and pulmonary stenosis: a case report
Authors: Bichali Saïd , Delarue Alexandre , Houeijeh Ali
Published: October 2024

A 5-month-old girl with transposition of the great arteries, ventricular septal defect, and pulmonary stenosis underwent the implantation of a 6-mm M Atrial Flow Regulator (Occlutech) over an 8-French delivery sheath for significant cyanosis and progressive restriction of the atrial septal defect, without adverse event for 6 months. The Atrial Flow Regulator device could improve blood mixing as a bridge to surgery.
Construing “Disability” into Article 14(2)(C) of the Maputo Protocol
Authors: Johnson Adetokunbo
Published: October 2024

This article analyses the possibility of an intersectional understanding of “disability” in relation to Article 14(2)(c) of the Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa (Maputo Protocol). Adopted in July 2003 and enforced since November 2005, the Maputo Protocol is considered a ground-breaking international human rights instrument (Johnson 2023, 329). It is the first treaty to comprehensively protect the reproductive rights of African women, including the contentious issue of abortion (Maputo Protocol 2003, Article 14(2)(c); Banda 2006, 82).