bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Men’s Preferences for Physical Activity Interventions: An Exploratory Study Using a Factorial Survey Design Created With R Software
Authors: Chatfield Sheryl L. , Gamble Abigail , Hallam Jeffrey S.
Published: April 2016

Effective exercise interventions are needed to improve quality of life and decrease the impact of chronic disease. Researchers suggest males have been underrepresented in exercise intervention studies, resulting in less understanding of their exercise practices. Findings from preference survey methods suggest reasonable association between preference and behavior. The purpose of the research described in this article was to use factorial survey, a preference method, to identify the characteristics of exercise interventions most likely to appeal to male participants, so preferences might be incorporated into future intervention research. The research was guided by the framework of Bandura’s social cognitive theory, such that variations in individual, environmental, and behavioral factors were incorporated into vignettes. Participants included 53 adult male nonadministrative staff and contract employees at a public university in the Southeastern United States, who each scored 8 vignettes resulting in 423 observations. Multilevel models were used to assess the influence of the factors. Participants scored vignettes that included exercising with a single partner, playing basketball, and exercising in the evening higher than vignettes with other options. Qualitative analysis of an open response item identified additional alternatives in group size, participant desire for coaching support, and interest in programs that incorporate a range of activity alternatives. Findings from this research were consistent with elements of social cognitive theory as applied to health promotion. Factorial surveys potentially provide a resource effective means of identifying participants’ preferences for use when planning interventions. The addition of a single qualitative item helped clarify and expand findings from statistical analysis.
CREB-regulated transcription coactivator 1 enhances CREB-dependent gene expression in spinal cord to maintain the bone cancer pain in mice
Authors: Liang Ying , Liu Yue , Hou Bailing , Zhang Wei , Liu Ming , Sun Yu-E , Ma Zhengliang , Gu Xiaoping
Published: April 2016

Background

cAMP response element binding protein (CREB)-dependent gene expression plays an important role in central sensitization. CREB-regulated transcription coactivator 1 (CRTC1) dramatically increases CREB-mediated transcriptional activity. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor subunit 2B, and miRNA-212/132, which are highly CREB responsive, function downstream from CREB/CRTC1 to mediate activity-dependent synaptic plasticity and in turn loops back to amplify CREB/CRTC1 signaling. This study aimed to investigate the role of spinal CRTC1 in the maintenance of bone cancer pain using an RNA interference method.

Results

Osteosarcoma cells were implanted into the intramedullary space of the right femurs of C3H/HeNCrlVr mice to induce bone cancer pain. Western blotting was applied to examine the expression of spinal phospho-Ser133 CREB and CRTC1. We further investigated effects of repeated intrathecal administration with Adenoviruses expressing CRTC1-small interfering RNA (siRNA) on nociceptive behaviors and on the upregulation of CREB/CRTC1-target genes associated with bone cancer pain. Inoculation of osteosarcoma cells induced progressive mechanical allodynia and spontaneous pain, and resulted in upregulation of spinal p-CREB and CRTC1. Repeated intrathecal administration with Adenoviruses expressing CRTC1-siRNA attenuated bone cancer–evoked pain behaviors, and reduced CREB/CRTC1-target genes expression in spinal cord, including BDNF, NR2B, and miR-212/132.

Conclusions

Upregulation of CRTC1 enhancing CREB-dependent gene transcription in spinal cord may play an important role in bone cancer pain. Inhibition of spinal CRTC1 expression reduced bone cancer pain. Interruption to the positive feedback circuit between CREB/CRTC1 and its targets may contribute to the analgesic effects. These findings may provide further insight into the mechanisms and treatment of bone cancer pain.
Governmental control of the Internet and WikiLeaks: How does the press in four countries discuss freedom of expression?
Authors: Imre Iveta , Pjesivac Ivanka , Luther Catherine A.
Published: April 2016

This study looked at how newspapers operating in nations with varying degrees of governmental Internet control discussed Internet freedom of expression within their coverage of Wikileaks. This was done through a thematic analysis of news items about WikiLeaks and Internet freedom of expression in the left-leaning newspapers of The Guardian (Great Britain), Le Monde (France), The Sydney Morning Herald (Australia), and The China Daily (China). The analysis revealed that government stances regarding Internet control did not shape the newspapers' discussion about WikiLeaks and freedom of expression on the Internet. Although governments in these countries exercise different levels of Internet control, the newspapers had similar positions about freedom of expression on the Internet and the role of the United States in censoring it. They supported Internet freedom as well as the actions of WikiLeaks and Julian Assange while criticizing U.S. attempts to suppress the online organization and its founder.
Four Functions of Digital Tools in Election Campaigns
Authors: Jungherr Andreas
Published: April 2016

This article presents a case study of the use of digital tools by campaign organizations in Germany’s 2013 federal election. Based on observations and in-depth interviews with key personnel in the campaigns of six of the parties running for Parliament, I examine whether German campaigns’ use of digital tools follows the usage practices that have been identified in studies of campaigns in the United States. I group how campaigns use digital tools into four categories: organizational structures and work routines, presence in information spaces online, support in resource collection and allocation, and symbolic uses. I show that these categories capture how German parties use digital tools. U.S.-based studies can thus provide helpful interpretive frameworks for studying digital campaigning in other countries. However, I also reveal that there are important differences between German and U.S.-based online campaigning. These differences stem from the different levels of intensity with which digital tools are deployed in each country.
Frequency and Detection of Malingering in Homicide Defendants Undergoing Criminal Responsibility Evaluations Using the Schedule for Nonadaptive and Adaptive Personality
Authors: Myers Wade C. , Hall Ryan , Marshall Richard , Tolou-Shams Marina , Wooten Kimberly
Published: April 2016

This retrospective study reports on (a) the prevalence of malingering in a sample of 20 homicide defendants seen in jail settings for criminal responsibility evaluations, and (b) the feasibility of the Schedule for Nonadaptive and Adaptive Personality (SNAP) for malingering detection in this sample. Based on previous non-clinical simulation research, it was hypothesized that the SNAP validity scales would predict group membership for homicide defendants malingering psychopathology. Those with intellectual disabilities or psychotic disorders were excluded. Diagnostically, nearly one half of the sample had Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., text rev.; DSM-IV-TR) personality and substance use disorders. Point prevalence of malingering was 30%. Using the criterion of any SNAP validity scale score in the clinical range ( T ≥ 65), a reasonable sensitivity was demonstrated in the detection of malingering (83%), yet this outcome was hindered by a high false positive rate (64%). This study suggests further exploration of the SNAP for assessing malingering in forensic populations is warranted.
Quantifiable Imaging Biomarkers for Evaluation of the Posterior Cruciate Ligament Using 3-T Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Wilson Katharine J. , Surowiec Rachel K. , Ho Charles P. , Devitt Brian M. , Fripp Jurgen , Smith W. Sean , Spiegl Ulrich J. , Dornan Grant J. , LaPrade Robert F.
Published: April 2016

Background:

Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques, such as T2 and T2 star (T2*) mapping, have been used to evaluate ligamentous tissue in vitro and to identify significant changes in structural integrity of a healing ligament. These studies lay the foundation for a clinical study that uses quantitative mapping to evaluate ligaments in vivo, particularly the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL). To establish quantitative mapping as a clinical tool for identifying and evaluating chronic or acute PCL injuries, T2 and T2* values first must be determined for an asymptomatic population.

Purpose:

To quantify T2 and T2* mapping properties, including texture variables (entropy, variance, contrast, homogeneity), of the PCL in an asymptomatic population. It was hypothesized that biomarker values would be consistent throughout the ligament, as measured across 3 clinically relevant subregions (proximal, middle, and distal thirds) in the asymptomatic cohort.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

Unilateral knee MRI scans were acquired for 25 asymptomatic subjects with a 3.0-T MRI system using T2 and T2* mapping sequences in the sagittal plane. The PCL was manually segmented and divided into thirds (proximal, middle, and distal). Summary statistics for T2 and T2* values were calculated. Intra- and interrater reliability was assessed across 3 raters to 2 time points.

Results:

The asymptomatic PCL cohort had mean T2 values of 36.7, 29.2, and 29.6 ms in the distal, middle, and proximal regions, respectively. The distal PCL exhibited significantly higher mean, variance, and contrast and lower homogeneity of T2 values than the middle and proximal subregions ( P < .05). T2* results exhibited substantial positive skew and were therefore presented as median and quartile (Q) values. Median T2* values were 7.3 ms (Q1-Q3, 6.8-8.9 ms), 7.3 ms (Q1-Q3, 7.0-8.5 ms), and 7.3 ms (Q1-Q3, 6.4-8.2 ms) in the distal, middle, and proximal subregions, respectively.

Conclusion:

This is the first study to identify T2 and T2* mapping values, and their texture variables, for the asymptomatic PCL. The distal third of the PCL had significantly greater T2 values than the proximal or middle thirds.

Clinical Relevance:

T2 and T2* values of the asymptomatic PCL can provide a baseline for comparison with acute and chronic PCL injuries in future studies.
Informational Masking in Normal-Hearing and Hearing-Impaired Listeners Measured in a Nonspeech Pattern Identification Task
Authors: Roverud Elin , Best Virginia , Mason Christine R. , Swaminathan Jayaganesh , Kidd Gerald
Published: April 2016

Individuals with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) often experience more difficulty with listening in multisource environments than do normal-hearing (NH) listeners. While the peripheral effects of sensorineural hearing loss certainly contribute to this difficulty, differences in central processing of auditory information may also contribute. To explore this issue, it is important to account for peripheral differences between NH and these hearing-impaired (HI) listeners so that central effects in multisource listening can be examined. In the present study, NH and HI listeners performed a tonal pattern identification task at two distant center frequencies (CFs), 850 and 3500 Hz. In an attempt to control for differences in the peripheral representations of the stimuli, the patterns were presented at the same sensation level (15 dB SL), and the frequency deviation of the tones comprising the patterns was adjusted to obtain equal quiet pattern identification performance across all listeners at both CFs. Tonal sequences were then presented at both CFs simultaneously (informational masking conditions), and listeners were asked either to selectively attend to a source (CF) or to divide attention between CFs and identify the pattern at a CF designated after each trial. There were large differences between groups in the frequency deviations necessary to perform the pattern identification task. After compensating for these differences, there were small differences between NH and HI listeners in the informational masking conditions. HI listeners showed slightly greater performance asymmetry between the low and high CFs than did NH listeners, possibly due to central differences in frequency weighting between groups.
Do Peer Reviews Predict Impact? Evidence from the American Sociological Review, 1978 to 1982
Authors: Teplitskiy Misha , Bakanic Von
Published: April 2016

The authors investigate how well peer reviews of articles published in the journal American Sociological Review between 1978 and 1982 predict the articles’ citation impact in the following 32 years. The authors find no evidence of a relationship between review outcomes and citation impact at any time after publication, even when citations are normalized by subfield. Qualitative analysis of the review texts rules out the interpretation that reviewers focused on potential impact but failed to predict it. Instead, reviewers focused on the soundness of the manuscripts’ arguments. The authors discuss how organizational characteristics of review can decouple reviewers’ judgments from impact.
Whole-exome sequencing to identify genetic risk variants underlying inhibitor development in severe hemophilia A patients
Authors: Gorski Marcin M. , Blighe Kevin , Lotta Luca A. , Pappalardo Emanuela , Garagiola Isabella , Mancini Ilaria , Mancuso Maria Elisa , Fasulo Maria Rosaria , Santagostino Elena , Peyvandi Flora
Published: April 2016

Key Points

Exome sequencing of severe hemophilia A patients with/without inhibitors identified rare, damaging variants in immunoregulatory genes. Replication confirmed the association of rs3754689 in a conserved haplotype region surrounding the LCT locus with inhibitor development.
Targeting ADAM17 in leukocytes increases neutrophil recruitment and reduces bacterial spread during polymicrobial sepsis
Authors: Mishra Hemant K , Johnson Timothy J , Seelig Davis M , Walcheck Bruce
Published: April 2016

A rapid and robust recruitment of circulating neutrophils at sites of infection is critical for preventing bacterial spread. The efficiency of this process, however, is greatly diminished during sepsis, a severe systemic inflammatory response to infection. The proteolytic activity of a disintegrin and metalloprotease-17 is induced in the cell membrane of leukocytes upon their activation, resulting in the conversion of membrane to soluble TNF-α and the release of assorted receptors from the surface of neutrophils important for their effector functions. We show that conditional knockout mice lacking a disintegrin and metalloprotease-17 in all leukocytes had a survival advantage when subjected to polymicrobial sepsis. Bacteremia and the levels of circulating proinflammatory cytokines, key determinants of sepsis severity, were significantly reduced in conditional a disintegrin and metalloprotease-17 knockout mice during sepsis. Although cecal bacterial microbiota and load were similar in unmanipulated conditional a disintegrin and metalloprotease-17 knockout and control mice, peritoneal spread of bacteria was significantly reduced in conditional a disintegrin and metalloprotease-17 knockout mice following sepsis induction, which was associated with an amplified recruitment of neutrophils. Taken together, our findings suggest that extensive a disintegrin and metalloprotease-17 induction during sepsis may tip the balance between efficient and impaired neutrophil recruitment.
The Tragedy of Limitless Growth: Re-Interpreting the Tragedy of the Commons for a Century of Climate Change
Authors: MacLellan Matthew
Published: April 2016

This article argues that Garrett Hardin's primary object of critique in his influential “The Tragedy of the Commons” is not the commons or shared property at all—as is almost universally assumed by Hardin's critics—but is rather Adam Smith's theory of markets and its viability for protecting scarce resources. On the basis of this revised understanding this article then offers a different interpretation of Hardin's thesis by assigning hermeneutic priority to the concept of “tragedy” (Aristotle, Nietzsche) rather than the concept of the “commons.” Read through the concept of tragedy, it argues that Hardin's thesis effectively asserts a rigid incompatibility between market economics and environmental protection, and to this extent “The Tragedy of the Commons” is more aptly read as a political critique that questions the viability of unlimited growth as the axiomatic premise of planetary economics.
The speed and metabolic cost of digesting a blood meal depends on temperature in a major disease vector
Authors: McCue Marshall D. , Boardman Leigh , Clusella-Trullas Susana , Kleynhans Elsje , Terblanche John S.
Published: April 2016

The energetics of processing a meal is crucial for understanding energy budgets of animals in the wild. Given that digestion and its associated costs may be dependent on environmental conditions, it is crucial to obtain a better understanding of these costs under diverse conditions and identify resulting behavioural or physiological trade-offs. This study examines the speed and metabolic costs - in cumulative, absolute, and relative energetic terms - of processing a bloodmeal for a major zoonotic disease vector, the tsetse fly Glossina brevipalpis, across a range of ecologically-relevant temperatures (25°C, 30°C & 35°C). Respirometry showed that flies used less energy digesting meals faster at higher temperatures but that their starvation tolerance was reduced supporting the prediction that warmer temperatures are optimal for bloodmeal digestion while cooler temperatures should be preferred for unfed or post-absorptive flies. 13C-Breath testing revealed that the flies oxidized dietary glucose and amino acids within the first couple of hours of feeding and overall oxidized more dietary nutrients at the cooler temperatures supporting the premise that warmer digestion temperatures are preferred because they maximise speed and minimise costs. An independent test of these predictions using a thermal gradient confirmed that recently fed flies selected warmer temperatures and then selected cooler temperatures as they became postabsorptive, presumably to maximize starvation resistance. Collectively these results suggest there are at least two thermal optima in a given population at any time and flies switch dynamically between optima throughout feeding cycles.
Disseminated hydatidosis with rare presentation as “cystovesical fistula”
Authors: Kaur Rashmeet , Garg Simmi , Kaur Navkiran , Singh Paramdeep
Published: April 2016

Disseminated hydatidosis is a rare disease and may involve any organ of the human body. In this case, an elderly female got infected by Echinococcus and presented with disseminated disease. A fistulous communication developed between one of the hydatid cysts present in the retrovesical region and the bladder, because of which the patient presented with hydatiduria.
Lovastatin lactone may improve irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C) by inhibiting enzymes in the archaeal methanogenesis pathway
Authors: Muskal Steven M. , Sliman Joe , Kokai-Kun John , Pimentel Mark , Wacher Vince , Gottlieb Klaus
Published: April 2016

Methane produced by the methanoarchaeonMethanobrevibacter smithii(M. smithii) has been linked to constipation, irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C), and obesity. Lovastatin, which demonstrates a cholesterol-lowering effect by the inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase, may also have an anti-methanogenesis effect through direct inhibition of enzymes in the archaeal methanogenesis pathway. We conducted protein-ligand docking experiments to evaluate this possibility. Results are consistent with recent clinical findings.

METHODS: F420-dependent methylenetetrahydromethanopterin dehydrogenase (mtd), a key methanogenesis enzyme with a known sequence but no tertiary protein structural information, was modeled for two different methanogenic archaea:M. smithiiandMethanopyrus kandleri. Once protein models were developed, ligand-binding sites were identified. Multiple ligands and their respective protonation, isomeric and tautomeric representations were docked into each site, including F420-coenzyme (natural ligand), lactone and β-hydroxyacid forms of lovastatin and simvastatin, and other co-complexed ligands found in related crystal structures.

RESULTS: 1) Generally, for each modeled site the lactone form of the statins had more favorable site interactions compared to F420; 2) The statin lactone forms generally had the most favorable docking scores, even relative to the native template PDB ligands; and 3) The statin β-hydroxyacid forms had less favorable docking scores, typically scoring in the middle with some of the F420 tautomeric forms. Consistent with these computational results were those from a recent phase II clinical trial (NCT02495623) with a proprietary, modified-release lovastatin-lactone (SYN-010) in patients with IBS-C, which showed a reduction in symptoms and breath methane levels, compared to placebo.

CONCLUSION: The lactone form of lovastatin exhibits preferential binding over the native-F420 coenzyme ligandin silicoand thus could inhibit the activity of the keyM. smithiimethanogenesis enzymemtdin vivo. Statin lactones may thus exert a methane-reducing effect that is distinct from cholesterol lowering activity, which requires HMGR inhibition by statin β-hydroxyacid forms.
História, Memória e Meios de Comunicação: Uma Análise do Discurso Publicitário na Revista Veja
Authors: Costa Alessandra De Sá Mello da , Pessoa Luis Alexandre Grubits de Paula
Published: April 2016

Estudos que interligam os temas história, memória e meios de comunicação crescem a cada dia, sustentados por três movimentos: estudos de memória, que problematizam formas de representação, mediação e circulação das memórias nas sociedades; estudos acerca do uso estratégico da história pelas empresas; e estudos de mídia e história, que identificam as interfaces analíticas entre estas áreas, priorizando os estudos acerca dos usos do passado pelos meios de comunicação. Assumindo que os meios de comunicação são lugares de memória e que as organizações os utilizam estrategicamente, buscou-se compreender como os temas história e memória são apropriados pelo discurso publicitário veiculado na mídia de massa brasileira. O corpus da pesquisa foi composto por 416 anúncios da Revista Veja de 2008 a 2013, posteriormente submetidos à análise de conteúdo. Como resultado, identificou-se cinco estratégias: a história como assinatura, como comemoração, como oportunidade, como foco, e como sustentação.
Reflexividade e criticidade no ensino de graduação em Administração
Authors: Kopelke André Luiz , Boeira Sérgio Luís
Published: April 2016

O ensaio objetiva levantar a hipótese de que existe uma lacuna no ensino de administração no que se refere à reflexividade e à criticidade e, como consequência, há necessidade de estudos empíricos e novos ensaios que possibilitem avaliações consistentes dos cursos visando sua atualização. As Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais (DCNs) estabelecem habilidades técnicas e reflexivas aos egressos dos cursos. Porém as matrizes curriculares parecem priorizar conteúdos técnicos, em detrimento da formação reflexiva, ética, criativa e crítica. Como consequência, graduados em administração aparentam ter limitada capacidade de avaliar criticamente seus atos e limitações para propor soluções aos dilemas enfrentados pela sociedade contemporânea. O ensaio apresenta um panorama do pensamento crítico em administração, a partir de uma abordagem pluralista, considerando a diversidade epistemológica desse campo de estudos.
It’s a Man’s Job: Income and the Gender Gap in Industrial Research
Authors: Hoisl Karin , Mariani Myriam
Published: April 2016

This study examines differences in income and job performance between women and men in creative, highly skilled jobs tasked with achieving technological inventions. By building on data pertaining to 9,692 inventors from 23 countries, this study shows that female inventors represent only 4.2% of total inventors, and they earn about 14% less than their male peers. The gap persists even when controlling for sources of heterogeneity, the selection of inventors into types of jobs and tasks, and potential parenthood, instrumented by exploiting a source of variation related to religious practices. The income gap is not associated with differences in the quality of the inventions that female and male inventors produce. Thus, even in this human capital–intensive profession, where capabilities and education are important assets, and productivity differentials can be observed, women earn less than men, though they contribute to the development of high-quality inventions as much as men do.

This paper was accepted by Lee Fleming, entrepreneurship and innovation.
A institucionalização da Feira de Artesanato da Beira Mar em Fortaleza, Ceará
Authors: Calíope Thalita Silva , Conceição Ilze Eneida Paris da , Cabral Augusto Cézar de Aquino , Santos Sandra Maria dos , Pessoa Maria Naiula Monteiro
Published: April 2016

Parte da cultura cearense há mais de trinta anos, a Feira de Artesanato da Beira Mar tem se destacado cada vez mais nos âmbitos nacional e internacional, tendo passado por mudanças de várias ordens. Deste modo, esta pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar o processo de institucionalização da Feira de Artesanato da Beira Mar em Fortaleza, Ceará, utilizando o modelo de processo de institucionalização de Tolbert e Zucker (1998), constituído de três fases: habitualização, objetivação e sedimentação. A pesquisa se classifica como qualitativa, documental e de campo, sendo realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com 29 feirantes, analisadas pela técnica de análise de conteúdo. Os resultados mostraram que o principal fator que motivou o surgimento da feira foi o econômico, pois se buscava um meio de sobrevivência, sendo os feirantes os principais atores nesse processo. A feira encontra-se no estágio de sedimentação e predomina o isomorfismo normativo, seguido do isomorfismo coercitivo.
An intimate diplomatic view: The Spanish Civil War according to the personal diaries of the Soviet Consul Vladimir Antonov-Ovseenko
Authors: Farràs Josep Puigsech
Published: April 2016

This article examines the Soviet intervention in the Spanish Civil War through the personal diaries of the Consul General of the USSR in Barcelona. Vladimir Antonov-Ovseenko completed five diaries sent to the People’s Commissariat for Foreign Affairs of the USSR during the month of October 1936. In these diaries, he recounted his personal impressions as well as his activity of his initial stay in the Catalonian capital, which offer an intimate view and detailed picture of the Soviet intervention in Spain. Winning the war was the central objective of Soviet Consulate in Spain, in accordance with the principles of Soviet Collective Security Policy. This central objective, focused on trade relations, military operations and particular relationship with the anarchists and the regional Government of Catalonia and the Government of the Republic, did not show the slightest hint of wanting to sovietize the Spanish Republic. For this reason, the historiographical debate about the logic of Soviet intervention in Spain has a new proof against the thesis of a preconceived plan to impose the soviet political, social and economic model on Spain in 1936.
Documentary incursions into New Zealand’s multiculturalism: The case of Here to Stay
Authors: Fresno-Calleja Paloma
Published: April 2016

This article examines the New Zealand television documentary series Here to Stay (2007–2008) and its construction of Pacific, Chinese and Indian identities in the context of New Zealand’s multiculturalism. It argues that the series introduces new ways of looking at the country’s multicultural make-up, which appear to suggest a shift from previous documentary productions, but eventually makes a number of slippages in its presentation of such communities that continue to reinforce similar notions of national identity. I consider three aspects in particular: the contradictions between the celebratory and the critical contents of the narrative; the simultaneous construction of Chinese, Pacific or Indian identities as both diverse and homogeneous; and the tensions between the series’ superficial construction of multiculturalism and the narrative’s explicit or implicit critique of such constructions. Whereas these ambivalences seem to reflect official approaches to the management of multiculturalism, revealing the unresolved tensions between the requirements of commercial television and the role of documentary in the formation of national identity, I argue that they can nevertheless serve to engage viewers in a critical revision of superficial constructions of the multicultural.
Reviews
Authors: Huntington Eleanor , Hassler-Forest Dan , Jones Stephanie , Taddeo Julie Anne
Published: April 2016

Tribal Television: Viewing Native People in Sitcoms, Dustin Tahmahkera (2014) Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press, 262 pp., ISBN: 9781469618685, p/bk, $27.95

Saturday Night Live and American TV, Nick Marx, Matt Sienkiewicz and Ron Becker (eds) (2013) Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 294 pp., ISBN: 9780253010827, p/bk, $25; ISBN: 9780253010773, cloth, $70; ISBN: 9780253010902, e-book, $21.99

Masculinity in Contemporary Quality Television, Michael Mario Albrecht (2015) Farnham: Ashgate, 133 pp., ISBN: 9781409469728, p/bk, £60.00

Edwardians on Screen: From Downton Abb ey to Parade’s End, Katherine Byrne (2015) Houndmills, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 173 pp., ISBN: 1137467886, h/bk, £60.00
NoPegida
Authors: Marg Stine , Trittel Katharina , Schmitz Christopher , Kopp Julia , Walter Franz
Published: April 2016

Die NoPegida-Proteste organisierten sich vielerorts als Reaktion auf Pegida, die »Patriotischen Europäer gegen die Islamisierung des Abendlandes«. Wurde Pegida als Ausdruck von Ressentiments gegenüber religiösen Minderheiten, der »Lügenpresse« und den »Volksverrätern« interpretiert, gilt NoPegida als das leuchtende Gegenbeispiel: Sie stehen ein für Weltoffenheit, Freiheit, Gleichheit und Toleranz und werden somit als Garant und Ausdruck einer offenen und funktionierenden Zivilgesellschaft und als Gestalter einer »Willkommenskultur« wahrgenommen. Doch wie steht es wirklich um NoPegida? Was motiviert den Protest? Was verstehen die Demonstranten unter Freiheit, Gleichheit, Toleranz und Weltoffenheit und welche politischen Deutungsmuster und Werthierarchien prägen sie? Nach dem viel beachteten Buch zu Pegida legt das Göttinger Institut für Demokratieforschung nun ein detailliertes Bild des Gegenprotestes vor und untersucht, inwieweit man NoPegida tatsächlich als demokratisches Gegenstück zu Pegida interpretieren kann.
Pattern of acute poisoning in teaching hospital, northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Adinew Getnet Mequanint , Asrie Assefa Belay
Published: April 2016

Background: Acute poisoning is considered a major health problem worldwide and is a frequent cause of hospital admission. It is estimated that poisons are responsible for more than 1 million illnesses worldwide annually.Objective: To evaluate retrospectively the pattern of acute poisoning in teaching hospital, northwest Ethiopia.Materials and methods: This was an observational, retrospective study. The study population includes all patients who visiting Gondar teaching hospital emergency room who were diagnosed with acute poisoning from September 2010 to December 2014. All data were analyzed using SPSS 20.Result: Acute poisoning cases constituted 0.67% of the 34320 admissions to the emergency department. Of these 233 patients, 148 (63.5%) were female and 85 (36.5%) were male.88.42% were younger than 30 years of age and the frequency of acute poisoning declined with advanced age. Organophosphates were the most frequent cause of poisoning and accounted for 89 cases (38.2%). Intentional poisoning comprised 57.5 %.83.6 %( 195 cases) of the cases were ingested orally, the mean arrival time to the emergency unit after poisoning was 4.2 hours and the average duration of hospital stay was 11.26hours. It was found that 60 % of the cases were simply received supportive therapy. The most common factors contributing to intentional poisoning was quarreled with their family (54.2%) followed by love affairs (18.4%). The mortality rate was 0.43%Conclusions: The data observed in this hospital based shows acute poisoning remains a major public health problem with pesticide poisoning remaining the most common and therefore concerning poison.
Seleção de rizobactérias como promotoras de crescimento em melancia
Authors: Leite Pais Ana Karolina , Rodrigues da Silva Jessica , Campos Alencar Fernanda , Peixoto Ana Rosa , Cardoso de Souza Joselita , Da Paz Cristiane Domingos
Published: April 2016

As bactérias promotoras de crescimento de plantas (BPCP) são encontradas aderidas ao solo ou colonizando a superfície de raízes de muitas culturas, aumentando a sua produtividade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar bactérias provenientes de solos cultivados com cucurbitáceas e avaliar o seu efeito no desenvolvimento de plântulas de melancia cv. Crimson Sweet. Após o isolamento das bactérias, procedeu-se a caracterização fenotípica e o agrupamento pelo método UPGMA com base no coeficiente de Bray-Curtis.  Na avaliação da eficiência na promoção de crescimento, os tratamentos consistiram de 44 isolados bacterianos e a testemunha, utilizando-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado com cinco repetições. Inoculou-se cada isolado bacteriano na concentração de 4,5 x 10-8 UFC.mL-1 nas sementes, durante 24 horas. As testemunhas foram imersas em água destilada e esterilizada pelo mesmo período de tempo. Decorridos 20 dias após a semeadura, avaliou-se o comprimento e a biomassa seca da parte aérea e radicular. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Scott-Knott, a 5% de significância. Dos 44 isolados bacterianos, o dendrograma permitiu a formação de 29 grupos distintos a 80% de similaridade. O isolado UNEB 55 proporcionou aumento no comprimento e biomassa seca da parte aérea e radicular da melancia. Os isolados UNEB 05, UNEB 27, UNEB 53 e UNEB 57 induziram aumento no comprimento da parte aérea, sem efeito deletério nas demais variáveis. Esses resultados indicam que estes isolados poderão ser utilizados como promotores de crescimento em melancia.
Dinâmica do mercado mundial de papel entre 1961 e 2010
Authors: Ribeiro Neto Djalma De Freitas , Soares Thelma Shirlen
Published: April 2016

Este estudo teve por objetivo caracterizar o mercado mundial de papel e analisar a tendência da produção e a relação risco/retorno das importações e exportações no período de 1961 a 2010. Foram empregados dados anuais de produção, importação e exportação de papel disponibilizados pela Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) os quais foram agrupados em décadas, perfazendo as cinco décadas referente ao período analisado. A caracterização do setor foi realizada por meio da análise da participação percentual de cada continente, em cada década analisada, na produção de papel e a tendência de crescimento da produção por meio da taxa geométrica de crescimento (TGC). Para a obtenção da relação risco/retorno, admitiu-se a TGC como indicativo de retorno e o coeficiente de variação como indicativo dos riscos. Verificou-se que entre 1961 e 2010, a produção de papel ficou concentrada nos países dos continentes americano e europeu, caracterizando-se pela crescente produção da Ásia e decrescente produção da América. As taxas geométricas de crescimento apresentaram variações entre comportamento crescente e decrescente e sempre com valores positivos, com exceção do continente americano na década de 2000. As importações internacionais de papel apresentaram, com exceção do mercado asiático, uma tendência simétrica para a relação risco/retorno com desempenho similar para as exportações. O comportamento das reações risco/retorno indicaram que o mercado de papel é um investimento atrativo para o capital privado.
Flats in Spaces with Convex Geodesic
Bicombings
Authors: Descombes Dominic , Lang Urs
Published: April 2016

In spaces of nonpositive curvature the existence of isometrically embedded flat (hyper)planes is
often granted by apparently weaker conditions on large scales.We show that some such results remain valid
for metric spaces with non-unique geodesic segments under suitable convexity assumptions on the distance
function along distinguished geodesics. The discussion includes, among other things, the Flat Torus Theorem
and Gromov’s hyperbolicity criterion referring to embedded planes. This generalizes results of Bowditch for
Busemann spaces.
Information and Inflation: An Analysis of Grading Behavior
Authors: Lehr Brandon
Published: April 2016

I study the impact on grades assigned at Occidental College, a selective private liberal arts college, following the introduction of a policy that provides information about average grades across campus to instructors each semester. Using transcript level data from 2009 to 2014, I find that after the information provision, previously below average grading courses increased grades by 0.08 grade points more than the previously above average grading courses. This finding of grade compression holds across all course levels and divisions, expect for in the sciences. With respect to students, the relative increase in grades in the previously low grading courses disproportionately benefited Black and Hispanic students relative to White and Asian students. In addition, the grade distribution shifted with previously below average grading courses increasing the share of A’s and decreasing the share of B’s and C’s following the grade information provision.
On the Economics of the “Meeting Competition Defense” Under the Robinson–Patman Act
Authors: Aguirre Iñaki
Published: April 2016

This paper studies the welfare effects of third-degree price discrimination when competitive pressure varies across markets. In particular, we study the economic aspects of the Robinson–Patman Act associated with the “meeting competition defense.” Using equilibrium models, the main result we find is that this defense might be used successfully in cases of primary line injury precisely when it should not be used, namely when price discrimination reduces social welfare. This result obtains both when discrimination appears in the final good market and when it is used in the intermediate goods market. We also find that these results may maintain under secondary line injury.
The Relationship from Friendship Links to Educational Achievement
Authors: Ho Cheuk Yin
Published: April 2016

Using the pseudo-panel structure of friendship links, this paper employs a control function approach to estimate the impact of the number of friends on one’s own educational achievement in linear models. Results show that having one additional reciprocal or out-degree friend increases about 2 % of a standard deviation in cognitive test scores.
Oxide-Based Thermoelectric Generator for High-Temperature Application Using p-Type Ca3Co4O9 and n-Type In1.95Sn0.05O3 Legs
Authors: Bittner Michael , Geppert Benjamin , Kanas Nikola , Singh Sathya Prakash , Wiik Kjell , Feldhoff Armin
Published: April 2016

A thermoelectric generator couples an entropy current with an electrical current in a way, that thermal energy is transformed to electrical energy. Hereby the thermoelectric energy conversion can be described in terms of fluxes of entropy and electric charge at locally different temperature and electric potential. Crucial for the function of a thermoelectric generator is the sign and strength of the coupling between the entropy current and the electrical current in the thermoelectric materials. For high-temperature application, tin-doped indium oxide (In1.95Sn0.05O3) and misfit-layered calcium cobalt oxide (Ca3Co4O9) ceramics were used as n- and p-type legs. The n-type material reaches a power factor of

6.8

μ
W

⋅

c

m

−
1

⋅

K

−
2

$$6.8\,{\rm{\mu W}} \cdot {\rm{c}}{{\rm{m}}^{- 1}} \cdot {{\rm{K}}^{- 2}}$$

at 1,073 K and a figure of merit ZT of 0.07. The p-type material reaches

1.23

μ
W

⋅

c

m

−
1

⋅

K

−
2

$$1.23\,{{\rm \mu W}} \cdot {\rm{c}}{{\rm{m}}^{- 1}} \cdot {{\rm{K}}^{- 2}}$$

and a figure of merit ZT of 0.21 at 1,073 K. A thermoelectric generator consisting of ten legs was characterized for different invested temperatures. It delivers 4.8 mW maximum power output and a electrical power density of

2.13

m
W
×
c

m

−
2

$$2.13\,{\rm{mW \times c}}{{\rm{m}}^{{\rm{- 2}}}}$$

when the hot side is at 1,073 K and a temperature difference of 113 K is applied.
Checking Default Correlation and Score Correlation in a Breakpoint Model for Rating Classification
Authors: Tillich Daniel
Published: April 2016

In credit risk, debtors with different creditworthiness are divided into rating classes.
One problem is to define the borders of the rating classes.
A natural way to estimate these breakpoints from default observations comes out of the field of change point analysis. In order to account for dependency between the debtors, the literature proposes a combination of a breakpoint model with a one-factor model.
One finds strongly consistent estimators for the threshold of the rating classes and the corresponding default probabilities, also called risk levels.
But an investigation of the inherent model properties is as yet missing.
For this reason we derive the default correlation and study its relationship to the model parameters, i.e., the breakpoint, the risk levels, and a new correlation term, named score correlation, appearing in a simulation study.
Eventually, we check the magnitude of the score correlation used in the simulation study.
Owner-Managed UK Corporate Start-Ups: An Exploratory Study of Financing and Failure
Authors: Peel Michael J.
Published: April 2016

After highlighting the importance of small companies to the UK economy, new archival evidence is provided from an exploratory study which investigates the financing and failure of 21,147 UK single owner-managed (OM) corporate start-ups. Relative to comparable US survey evidence, UK OM corporate start-ups rely very heavily on debt financing from inception, with minimal equity being injected by owners and with retained earnings making only a modest contribution to initial financing. Financial gearing is found to be an important determinant of failure after controlling for company-specific and owner characteristics. Interestingly, the results indicate that foreign-owned company start-ups are less failure prone. Based on the empirical findings of the study and that of extant research, a number of suggested avenues for future research are discussed.
Two Element Magneto-Dielectric Resonator Antenna for Angle Diversity
Authors: Mohit Kumar , Gupta Vibha Rani , Rout S.K.
Published: April 2016

In the present work two element magneto-dielectric resonator antenna configuration, designed using two different magneto-dielectric (MD) materials, separated by a distance of quarter wavelength (λ/4) and half wavelength (λ/2) has proposed. These materials have been designed such that their temperature coefficient value approaches to zero. The microwave dielectric constant (εr) and permeability (μr) of both materials are calculated by Nicholson-Ross-Weir conversion technique and found to be 8.02, 1.64 and 10.47, 1.52, respectively. For the inter element separation of λ/4 and λ/2, the first resonant frequencies of proposed antenna are 5.75 GHz and 5.78 GHz and showing penta-directional and tri-directional radiation patterns characteristics respectively. This property can be utilized for the diversity scheme to mitigate the problem of fading.
Energy vs. Cyclostationarity-based Detection of Random Arrival and Departure of LTE SC-FDMA Signals for Cognitive Radio Systems
Authors: Atef Ibrahim , Eltholth Ashraf , El-Soudani M. S.
Published: April 2016

In cognitive radio systems, the random nature of primary users’ activities heavily influences the performance of spectrum sensing techniques. Considering both of the primary user random arrival and departure in one model is essential for mitigating the performance degradation in spectrum sensing. In this paper, we apply the probability based weighting energy detector (ED) to overcome the effect of random arrival and departure of primary user (PU), on a single carrier-frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) signal used in LTE uplink physical channel. Then compare the performance of weighted ED to the second order Cyclostationarity detector with/without the random arrival and departure of primary user signal during the secondary user’s sensing period. The simulation shows that the weighting ED approaches the performance of Cyclostationarity detector in the normal case, where there are no random activities of primary user signals during the secondary user’s sensing period, with less computational complexity. Moreover, the weighted ED outperforms the Cyclostationarity detector in the case of random arrival and departure of PU.
A PTIME solution to the restricted conjugacy problem in generalized Heisenberg groups
Authors: Blaney Kenneth R. , Nikolaev Andrey
Published: April 2016

We examine the Anshel–Anshel–Goldfeld key exchange protocol with a generalized Heisenberg group,
Generic case complexity of the Graph Isomorphism Problem
Authors: Noskov Gennady A. , Rybalov Alexander N.
Published: April 2016

The
Circulation types classification for hourly precipitation events in Lublin (East Poland)
Authors: Bartoszek Krzysztof , Skiba Dominika
Published: April 2016

The paper presents an objective classification of circulation types for East-Central Europe with application to hourly precipitation events in Lublin (East Poland) from May to September. The development of the classification utilized sub-daily sea-level pressure values (at the main standard synoptic hours,
Factors influencing the decision of whether to retire or extend one’s employment
Authors: Skučiene Daiva , Moskvina Julija
Published: April 2016

This paper aims to establish which factors influence whether people in eastern/central European countries decide to continue in paid work or retire. The situation in Lithuania, Estonia, Poland, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Slovenia, and Slovakia in 2010 is analysed. In order to pursue this aim, the following objectives were set: firstly, to analyse previous research on the topic, secondly, to evaluate factors influencing people’s decisions on whether to continue in paid work or retire in selected eastern/central European countries, and, finally, to conclude. Secondary analysis was conducted in order to pursue the research aim. Sources of data include European Social Survey Round 5 (2010) data, Eurostat, and MISSOC. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression were used to analyse the data. The extent to which a person is willing to engage in work on reaching the legal age of retirement is analysed in relation to economic situation, state of health, and working conditions.