bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Between Madness and Literature by Michel Foucault from a Philosophical Point of View of Language
Authors: Silvestri Filippo
Published: October 2021

Michel Foucault’s work in the 1960s is marked by two important works – The Order of Things and The Archaeology of Knowledge – but his research spans further topics. Among these, two are particularly interesting: his studies on the history of psychiatric thought from the Renaissance to Freud, and his work on literary works, which include two essays on Roussel and Blanchot. The psychiatric and literary experiences share a sense of being outside, a dehors, to use Blanchot’s expression, and each has its own way of doing it. The discourses of mentally ill people are considered to be outside of the space of Cartesian reason, that is, enlightened and positivist. A certain type of literature experiments being outside semantic schemes, as it pushes writing to its limits. From these two sides, Foucault experiments with the meaning of experiencing difference: the language of the mad and that of literary people are two different ways to bring to light an originary language, untamable, that is before any taking of the floor – any speaking out – happens. The study of madness, psychiatry, and its history, and in parallel with the study of a certain kind of literature, with its respective languages and discourses, meant, for Foucault, understanding what it means to be outside of the order of discourse widely considered reasonable.
Are ABO Gene Alleles Responsible for Cardiovascular Diseases and Venous Thromboembolism and Do They Play a Role in COVID?
Authors: J. Cordato Dennis , Soubra Wissam , Saleem Sameer , Fatima Shad Kaneez
Published: October 2021

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) including coronary heart disease and stroke are leading causes of death and disability globally. Studies of the association between ABO blood groups and CVD have consistently demonstrated an increased risk of coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, cerebral ischaemic stroke, peripheral arterial disease and venous thromboembolism (VTE) including deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary thromboembolism in patients who possess a non-O blood group type. The most likely mechanism is thought to be the increase in von Willebrand Factor (vWF) and factor VIII levels seen in patients with a non-O blood group. Other postulated mechanisms include elevations in circulating inflammatory markers such as endothelial cell and platelet adhesion molecules in subjects with a non-O blood group. More recently, it has also been recognised that individuals with a non-O blood group type carry a higher risk of SARS-C0V-2 infection and COVID-19 related complications. The increased levels in vWF and factor VIII amongst individuals with a non-O blood group who have contracted SARS-CoV-2 infection may result in an additive thrombophilic effect to that caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Another postulated mechanism is that individuals with an O-blood group are protected by anti-A and B antibodies which possibly inhibit the binding of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein to lung epithelium angiotensin converting enzyme-2 receptors. There are over 35 minor blood groups on red blood cells, some of which such as Kidd, Lewis and Duffy have been associated with CVD either alone or in combination with a non-O blood group allele(s). However, their role in SARS-CoV-2 infection and mechanism of action for an association with CVD remain unknown. This review explores the relationship between ABO and minor blood groups with CVD and VTE, with a focus on potential mechanisms underlying this relationship and the potential role of ABO blood group types in COVID.
Traditional Usage of Plants of Costus Species in Assam, India
Authors: Bhuyan Biman , Chetia Dipak , Rajak Prakash
Published: October 2021

Customary use of plants in the treatment of ailments in Assam, India is a typical situation. Ethno medicinal study was led in a few topographically unique zones of the state and utilization of plants from Costus species were reported. The extent of study chose for the investigation range across seven organizational regions spread across Assam, India. The regions include Dibrugarh, Golaghat, Tinsukia, Dhemaji, Karbi Anglong, Goalpara and Kokrajhar. Different plants were reported and plants fitting with the said species were chosen for determining the relevance concerning its use in customary medication. The survey divulged that plants associated to three species of the genus Costus namely Costus speciosus, Costus pictus and Costus scaber were espied to be primarily ubiquitous in traditional medicine in the discrete contemplated regions. The species were predominantly utilized as prime ingrediants in hepatoprotactive and anti-diabetic formulations. Costus speciosus was perceived to be chiefly used in the treatment of hepatic disorders and ailments. Costus pictus was observed to be used customarily in the upper Assam region bordering Nagaland for treating diabetes and Costus scaber was being used in the area bordering Arunachal Pradesh for tending people with jaundice, snake bite etc. The research climaxed with the profiling of the costus species as annotated from the ethnomedicinal survey.
Biodiversity of the Adipocyte-Derived Hormone, Leptin
Authors: Manjunathan Reji , Kasiviswanathan Dharanibalan , Jayaraman Selvaraj
Published: October 2021

The adipocyte derived hormone leptin is known for its pivotal role in the regulation of a variety of physiological functions mainly associated with metabolism and energy homeostasis. One of the major functions of leptin is pertain with its angiogenic induction in support of organ development as well as under pathological conditions such as atherosclerosis and cancer. Leptin is a well-known pro-angiogenic growth factor which exerts its role through Ob-R receptor present on endothelial cells. The therapeutic application of leptin is based on its potential to maintain various functions at pathological conditions. In this book chapter, the multi-diversity potentials of leptin are discussed in detail.
Extending Alkenes’ Value Chain to Functionalized Polyolefins
Authors: Balzade Zahra , Sharif Farhad , Reza Ghaffarian Anbaran Seyed
Published: October 2021

Naphtha is one of the crude oil distillation products, bringing almost the lowest value-addition to crude oil, compared to other refinery products such as liquid petroleum gas, gasoline, and diesel. However, Naphtha can be converted to one of the highest value products at the end of the value chain, i.e., polyolefins. Although the production of conventional commodity polyolefins from crude oil, is considered as one of the final products in alkenes’ value chain, there are specialty polyolefins with higher values. Specialty polyolefins are small volume, high-performance thermoplastics with high-profit margins compared to traditional commodity polyolefins. Recently, some special purpose functionalized polyolefins have been developed as efficient substituents for high-performance engineering thermoplastics. Polyolefins are exploited as cost-effective platforms to produce these functionalized thermoplastics. They are promising candidates for replacing high-performance polymers with high-cost raw materials and elaborate production processes. So, functional polyolefins have introduced a new paradigm in the production of high-performance thermoplastics, extending the alkenes’ value chain and increasing profitability. High-performance specialty polyolefins may find exceptional markets in niche applications. In this chapter, the commercial specialty and functional polyolefins’ current situation and prospects are reviewed.
Nutrition of the High-Yielding Dairy Cow
Authors: Wolf Petra
Published: October 2021

In addition to genetics, health status and housing management, the milk yield of the dairy cow is also significantly determined by the feeding regime. In addition to the energy and nutrient supply, the dry matter (DM) intake plays a decisive role. This is influenced by many factors, such as the palatability of the feed, the energy density, the quality of the roughage (silage quality, microbiological status, contamination with mycotoxins) or the ration design in total. Water supply of cows is often forgotten, although it has a significant influence on the feed intake and thus the performance of the cows. This article deals with those factors, gives the latest recommendations and points out possible sources of error against the background of feeding not only according to the species-specific requirements but also according to their energy and nutrient needs, as required by the Animal Welfare Act.
Several Dosage Forms Containing Vitamin B and Their Use in Therapy
Authors: Çoban Özlem
Published: October 2021

Vitamin B plays a critical role in the synthesis of DNA and maintaining the normal functioning of tissues. Therefore, its deficiency may lead to mental problems such as depression, schizophrenia, dementia, and systemic problems such as megaloblastic anemia and peripheral neuropathy. Vitamin B deficiency may be based on nutrition, as well as the use of some drugs such as metformin and omeprazole suppress the absorption of B vitamins, which may lead to deficiency. Since B vitamin is water soluble, it cannot be stored in the body. For this reason, it should be taken continuously with food. However, in cases where the vitamin B taken with food is not sufficient for the body, it should be reinforced with drugs or dietary supplements from outside. Studies have shown that the absorption of Vitamin B is 50% higher in food supplements than in foods. It can also be used as a targeting agent in tumor therapy, due to its overexpression in some tumor cells. Due to these properties of Vitamin B, various dosage forms are being developed. In this chapter, vitamin B-containing dosage forms, their production techniques, and their use in therapy will be mentioned.
Postupy a nástroje pedagogické evaluace pro (budoucí) učitele
Authors: Janík Tomáš , Černá Monika , Vystrčilová Petra , Vaďurová Helena , Nehyba Jan , Svojanovský Petr , Picka Karel , Slezáková Katarína , Slepičková Lenka , Kratochvílová Jana
Published: October 2021

The book serves as an introduction into pedagogical evaluation and is intended for (future) teachers of pre-primary, primary and secondary schools. The issue of pedagogical evaluation is introduced in the context of the quality of education. Pedagogical evaluation is presented as a research approach and as a tool for practitioners. Two forms of evaluation are discussed: internal evaluation and external evaluation. In the second part of the book, various evaluation instruments are presented.
A new genus and five new species of Neocoelidiinae leafhoppers from Brazil (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) with a key to males
Authors: Gonçalves Clayton C. , Domahovski Alexandre C.
Published: October 2021

A new Brazilian leafhopper genus of the subfamily Neocoelidiinae is proposed: Takiyaella gen. nov. based on T. sexguttata (Chiamolera & Cavichioli, 2003) gen. et comb. nov. and five new species: T. anomala gen. et sp. nov., T. coelhomarquesae gen. et sp. nov., and T. daniela gen. et sp. nov. from the state of Rio de Janeiro; T. cavichiolii gen. et sp. nov. from the state of Paraná, and T. mejdalanii gen. et sp. nov. from the state of Minas Gerais. A distribution map and identification key to Takiyaella species are provided.
Dynamic Hull Vane – A Solution for active Pitch Motion Reduction and Resistance Reduction of ships
Authors: Haywood Alan , Ricks Andrew , Bouckaert Bruno , Hofman Julian
Published: October 2021

The Dynamic Hull Vane® is an actively controlled version of the Hull Vane®, a patented energy-saving and seakeeping device which consists of a submerged wing mounted on the aft ship. The Hull Vane is positioned in the upward flow aft of the ship, to develop forward thrust and reduce the stern wave. Naiad Dynamics US Inc, is a supplier of ride control systems and has worked with Hull Vane BV to develop the Dynamic Hull Vane®. By enabling the Hull Vane® to rotate, it can produce variable lift forces which when suitably controlled can reduce the pitching motions of a vessel in a seaway. This paper describes some of the research carried out on the AMECRC series 13, a generic fast displacement hull.
Slamming Events of a Planing Hull and Wedge Water Entry Experiment: Comparisons and Insights on Fluid-Structure Interaction
Authors: Honey Lauren , Judge Carolyn Q. , Gilbert Christine M.
Published: October 2021

Both towing tank experiments and wedge drop experiments are used to experimentally study slamming events on planning craft. The work presented in this paper shows a unique comparison between these two experiments. The first experiment was a towing tank test of a rigid hull in waves conducted at the U.S. Naval Academy. The second experiment was a series of free-falling water entry tests on a wedge conducted at Virginia Tech. In this paper, comparisons are drawn between the two experiments by using non-dimensional analysis and isolating similar slamming events. The non-dimensional impact velocities are chosen to be identical.
Vertical Wedge Water-Entry through Experiments and Simulation to Explore Three-Dimensional Hydrodynamic Flow Characteristic
Authors: Bhardwaj Arman , Javaherian M. Javad , Husser Nicholas
Published: October 2021

Slamming is a critical loading condition that governs design of high-speed small craft. Due to sparse pressure measurements in previously conducted experimental studies and uncertainties in numerical simulations, a combined study to fully understand the three-dimensional fluid-dynamics effects on the bottom of a wedge is presented herein. The focus of this paper is on a comparison of experiments and simulations on the water-entry of a rigid wedge that represents a transverse wedge cross section of a Generic Prismatic Planing Hull (GPPH). The results show that the simulations are in very good agreement with the experiments and that these 3D effects can accurately be modeled.
The Wave System of the Sydney Harbor RiverCat Ferry
Authors: Doctors Lawrence J.
Published: October 2021

We revisit here the hydrodynamics supporting the design and development of the RiverCat class of catamaran ferries operating in Sydney Harbor since 1991. The design of the ferry was strongly influenced by the requirement to limit the erosion of the banks on the sides of the Parramatta River along which these ferries operate. More advanced software is used here. This software accounts for the hydrodynamics of the transom stern which create a hollow in the water. This hollow causes an effective hydrodynamic lengthening of the vessel. This leads to a reduction in the generation of the wave system and the consequent wave resistance. It is demonstrated that lengthening the RiverCat would substantially reduce its wave generation.
What is the True Potential of Dynaplane Technology?
Authors: Parkyn Nicholas D.
Published: October 2021

The design of any stepped planning hull configuration is complex and the design of Dynaplane craft is no different and even more complex. The potential for the Dynaplane concept is clearly demonstrated by theory, but the practical superiority has not yet been conclusively demonstrated to the marine industry which is typically sceptical about adopting unconventional advanced technology.
Concept Exploration of a Surface Effect Patrol Combatant Using a Multiobjective Synthesis Model
Authors: Crosby Harry P. , Zalegowski Katherine E. , C. Batto Raphael Christian
Published: October 2021

This paper demonstrates a concept design methodology for naval SESs that is adapted from modern surface combatant optimization techniques. Similar to current methods, a synthesis model is constructed that uses a variety of discrete and continuous input values to calculate ship characteristics and performance data. The model outputs are generated using a combination of first-principles and exact 3D geometry along with parametrics aggregated from conventional monohulls and SES historical data. A specifically formulated multiobjective genetic algorithm is integrated with the model. The algorithm explores the highly nonlinear and non-convex SES objective space to identify non-dominated design variants. The synthesis model and the associated design space for a patrol boat with a novel SES hullform is detailed. Tradeoffs are evaluated in objective criteria of cost and performance in high-speed littoral operations that include surveillance, reconnaissance, and surface warfare.
Hydrodynamics of High-Speed Planing Craft: Savitsky Method and 2D+t Approach
Authors: Javaherian M. Javad , Royce Richard , Datla Raju , Gilbert Christine M.
Published: October 2021

The progressive interest in high-speed planing craft has made it crucial to conduct more accurate assessments of the behavior of these vessels in motion. In this paper, a 2D+t approach is employed to predict the resistance, trim and wetted length of a prismatic planing craft cruising in calm water. Although this approach is based on original Zarnick 2D+t model, the hydrodynamic force is estimated using experimental wedge drop experiments in conjunction with the Logvinovich wedge water entry model. The analysis is repeated employing Savitsky prediction method and results are compared with that of towing tank measurements of Naples series. The comparison shows that the Savitsky prediction results match very well with the experimental data. The 2D+t approach also shows reasonable outcomes for the trim and wetted length. However, this approach slightly underestimates the resistance of the craft at very low Froude numbers.
Damage Tolerance Assessment of Multi-Hull Aluminum Vessels Using Global Finite Element Methods
Authors: Johnson Spencer , Williams Boyden , Palm Christopher
Published: October 2021

As aluminum high-speed multi-hulls continue to grow in size, capacity and operational sea state, a need is growing to understand the damage tolerance of these structures. This paper presents a Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics (LEFM) approach to performing damage tolerance assessments of aluminum hull structures using the hydrodynamic analysis and global finite element model developed as part of a class Dynamic Loading Approach (DLA) notation. The LEFM approach is used to calculate the stress intensity factor (K) and the critical crack length throughout the model to screen the entire hull structure and identify fracture critical locations. This paper also investigates the use of elastic-plastic fracture mechanics to predict potential critical crack growth locations, rates, and directions. Fracture critical locations identified and visualized through the analysis provide the ship designer with tools to develop damage tolerant structures. The results of the analysis can also assist owners and regulatory bodies in developing structural inspection and repair plans.
The Next Generation Fast Marine Access Solution
Authors: Rijkens Albert A.K. , Poen Gerard J. , Schipperen Remco D.
Published: October 2021

The long distance transport of offshore personnel has traditionally been undertaken by air. However, the desire for increased safety and efficiency in combination with the drive to lower operational cost in the offshore industry opens up new possibilities for fast marine access solutions. This article presents the development of the next generation Fast Crew Supplier that combines high transit speeds at high comfort levels with a reliable, safe and comfortable method of personnel exchange to the platform using a Walk-to-Work solution. The results of an integrated design approach are presented which are used to optimize the main transfer systems and their controls. It is shown that optimization of these systems allows a high workability for a Walk-to-Work solution on a fast and relatively lightweight ship in challenging wave conditions.
Evaluation of a Large Zero-Emission High-Speed Passenger Vessel
Authors: Kierczynski Orin K. , Towers James A. , Jankowski Kurtis A.
Published: October 2021

With an increasing emphasis on emission restrictions and environmental impact of carbon-based energies, transportation industries are rapidly focusing on research, development, and implementation of zero-emission fuels and technologies. In the United States, the maritime industry provides key transportation services for people and goods. Immediate and future legislation at the state and federal levels are beginning to push passenger vessel operators to seek more carbon-neutral propulsion methods and begin the necessary transition towards a zero-emission future. Small high-speed, zero-emission vessel concepts are being introduced in the United States, most notably the SWITCH project of San Francisco. The SWITCH project aims to put the first hydrogen fuel cell e-ferry into service in 2021. To date, the zero-emission fast ferry efforts have focused on smaller passenger vessels.

This paper examines the potential design elements and operating conditions required for a large (450 passengers) high-speed vessel to meet zero-emission standards. Key ferry metrics of speed and passenger capacity are studied with this concept hull to compare a zero-emission propulsion system against a more traditional carbon-based system. To account for major project decision factors, the economics/cost and regulatory restrictions of a hydrogen fuel cell system are considered for a high-speed passenger vessel of this scope. A sensitivity analysis is performed to determine the technological and performance gains necessary for fuel cell power to match the current capabilities of carbon-based powers. Future development of zero-emission technologies is discussed to evaluate the continually improving opportunities for such a large high-speed vessel.
System alternatives for modular, zero-emission high-speed ferries
Authors: Lagemann Benjamin , Seidenberg Tobias , Jürgenhake Christoph , Erikstad Stein Ove , Dumitrescu Roman
Published: October 2021

Low emission requirements exert increasing influence upon ship design. The large variety of technological options makes selecting systems during the conceptual design phase a difficult endeavor. To compare different solutions, we need to be able to exchange individual systems and directly evaluate their impact on the design’s economic and environmental performance. Based on the idea of model-based systems engineering, we present a modular synthesis approach for ship systems. The modules are coupled to a discrete event simulation and allow for a case-based assessment of system configurations. We apply this method to a high-speed passenger ferry and show how it can provide decision support for hydrogen- and battery-based system architectures.
Glazing Safety and Resilience: New High Performance Options
Authors: Miller Stephen R. , Lerner Steven D. , Block Valerie L.
Published: October 2021

High performance marine glass can be characterized as a product that offers safety from accidental or intentional breakage, as well as resilience over time. The composites that fall into this category often include strengthened glass, tough, durable interlayers that bond the glass, and coatings that provide improved solar optical performance. In addition, the laminate composites deliver acoustical benefits, as well as security benefits beyond the basic safety performance of the material. This paper presents the components that comprise high performance marine glazing, the testing that the products go through, and examples of yachts and vessels that have incorporated high performance features into their glazing specifications.
Hull Roughness and its Effects on Planing Boat Performance
Authors: Daidola John C.
Published: October 2021

The effects of hull roughness on loss of speed at constant power are investigated. Vessel lifetime roughness profiles are postulated based on construction, coatings and maintenance. These are utilized to determine loss of speed and change in running attitude for planing boats. The formulations are directly applicable to any planing boat for which a lifetime roughness profile is constructed as presented. The approach to developing the speed/power predictions and the roughness profile is provided. This approach can be utilized to analyze the effects of roughness due to hull material utilized and quality of construction, roughness from paints and coatings and their method of application as well as damage to the coating during maintenance, deterioration of the hull structure material, as well as biofouling influenced by the type of antifouling paint or coating and method of application. It provides a means for investigating different magnitudes and scenarios of these causes of roughness rather than providing only example results.
TITANIC - The Design History, Forensic Analysis of the Sinking, and Aftermath
Authors: Roddy Robert Forrest
Published: October 2021

After more than one hundred years the Titanic is still probably the most remembered ship in the world. This paper briefly discusses the history of the Titanic from why the White Star Line decided to build the Olympic class ships through the recently signed treaty protecting the ship. It is shown that many of the design features of the ship were far ahead of the rest of the industry but that some compromises were against the naval architect’s desires. A number of myths concerning the ship are dispelled. The circumstances leading up to the collision with the iceberg and the sinking of the ship are examined followed by an analysis of the sinking; the discovery of the ship; and finally after almost thirty-five years, a treaty to protect the ship.
Tumblehome Ships - From Greek Triremes to the Zumwalt
Authors: Roddy Robert Forrest
Published: October 2021

After almost a century the US Navy has reintroduced tumblehome into the design of naval combatants. This paper discusses some of the reasons tumblehome was originally designed into ships and why it served it owners well for many centuries. The transition from sail to steam power a little over a century ago led to a variety of problems with the combatant ships designed with tumblehome where the lack of damage stability caused a major loss of life as these ships sank so quickly. During World War I ships designed with tumblehome fell out of favor and some of the ships were actually modified to remove the tumblehome from the design. These changes in the design of tumblehome ships are discussed in this paper.
FLAGSHIPS: Deploying Two Hydrogen Vessels in Europe – Design Phase
Authors: Mikkola Jyrki , Bellot Alexandre , Haxhiu Arber , Angrisani Maria Luisa , Laravoire Victor , Saeter Hilde-Kristin , Berg Pavel
Published: October 2021

Ever-tightening regulations has caused shipping industry need to look for alternatives for conventional fuels. Hydrogen is seen as one of the key contributors in mitigation of emissions from shipping. The FLAGSHIPS project is an EU funded co-operative which aims to raise the readiness-level of hydrogen and fuel cell technologies in shipping by deploying two hydrogen fuel cell powered vessels. One of the vessels is a self-propelled barge in Paris, France and the other one is passenger and car ferry in Stavanger, Norway. This paper presents the status of the project and discuss the key learnings in the project so far.
Development of an Equipment and System Reliability Qualification Process for Unmanned Surface Vessels
Authors: Strickland Jason , Carlucci Domenic , Serratella Chris , Dowling Meg , Delpizzo Rich
Published: October 2021

The U.S. 2021 National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) requires one main propulsion system and one electrical generation and distribution system of the Navy’s Large Unmanned Surface Vessel to be qualified by a Senior Technical Authority. To address this, related Navy offices and the American Bureau of Shipping (ABS) developed a process for a Navy-specific qualification for USV program equipment and systems to support verification of both design and reliability. This paper presented includes detailed discussions of the process increments (Product Design Assessment, Technology Readiness, Reliability Qualification) and a review of the full process using an example.
Using AI at the Edge and Incremental Machine Learning to Process Onboard Instrument Data
Authors: Parkyn Nicholas
Published: October 2021

Emerging heterogeneous computing, computing at the edge, machine learning and AI at the edge technology drives approaches and techniques for processing and analysing onboard instrument data in near real-time. The author has used edge computing and neural networks combined with high performance heterogeneous computing platforms to accelerate AI workloads. Heterogeneous computing hardware used is readily available, low cost, delivers impressive AI performance and can run multiple neural networks in parallel. Collecting, processing and machine learning from onboard instruments data in near real-time is not a trivial problem due to data volumes, complexities of data filtering, data storage and continual learning. Little research has been done on continual machine learning which aims at a higher level of machine intelligence through providing the artificial agents with the ability to learn from a non-stationary and never-ending stream of data. The author has applied the concept of continual learning to building a system that continually learns from actual boat performance and refines predictions previously done using static VPP data. The neural networks used are initially trained using the output from traditional VPP software and continue to learn from actual data collected under real sailing conditions. The author will present the system design, AI, and edge computing techniques used and the approaches he has researched for incremental training to realise continual learning.
Low Friction Recoating Performance Improvements Aboard A Passenger Ferry
Authors: Harris Trevor , Kennedy Allison
Published: October 2021

In recent years, there have been many technological advancements to support greener vessel operations and improved performance. The National Research Council of Canada evaluated the effect of a low friction hull coating from both a fuel consumption and power savings perspective. To quantify the variation in both fuel and power, an analysis methodology was adopted from the ISO 19030 standard for measuring the change in hull and propeller performance. The results of this analysis indicated that between 17.5 and 20.5 knots the power required to achieve cruising speed decreased by an average of 3.56% subsequent to the hull recoat. This translates to a fuel consumption reduction of 3.27% within the same speed range. The improvements in performance were most notable at 20.5 knots.
The Path to The Blue Economy - Lessons from the Oil and Gas Industry
Authors: Basu Roger I. , Sharman Krish T.
Published: October 2021

The importance of the blue economy is growing. A key element of this is the transition from fossil-based energy to greener alternatives such as offshore wind, marine renewables and other sources of energy. The ocean has been a source of food for millennia but newer, more innovative methods, of offshore cultivation are being developed and deployed. The engineering experience gained in offshore oil and gas industry is finding application in these examples of engineering for the blue economy. The trends are outlined together with the challenges faced by the engineering community.
Speeding up Hydrodynamic Simulations with a Parametric, Templated Approach
Authors: Wheeler Miles Patrick
Published: October 2021

Hull Design engineers and hydrodynamicists need high fidelity tools to help understand the performance of the vessels they are designing. In the context of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), it is often assumed these numerical simulations will take a long time to run and are cumbersome to the design process. Thus, high fidelity CFD tools are not yet seen as practical for a design environment. In the first part of the paper, a methodology for parameterizing all aspects of a simulation as dependent variables expressed in terms of length, speed, and displacement will be discussed. Then, a technique that can both speed up the runs and verify the uncertainly in the discretization will be shown. Lastly, by combining both methodologies, a demonstration on how to implement these techniques and speed up runs and get to high fidelity answers in a very fast and cost-effective manner will be showcased.
Developing an Optimization and Design Tool for Marine Electrical Systems
Authors: Hunt Benjamin S. , Koziol Alexander
Published: October 2021

Ship designers use experience and standards to guide their solutions to technical problems. Automation and optimization algorithms, despite their limited exposure in the maritime industry, could reduce this effort and help make trade-offs between new technologies. Marine electrical systems are procedurally designed with repetitive calculations, while marine power plants are designed by best practices and time-intensive trade-off studies. We developed a marine engineering design tool that aids with electrical system and power plant design, combining automation and optimization to minimize engineering time. This tool could prove valuable for the concept phase of ship design, allowing engineers to draft and evaluate options quickly and easily. We demonstrated that automation and optimization are applicable to complex design problems in the marine industry and accessible at the undergraduate level.
Fire Resistant Watertight Structural Doors
Authors: Ghandehari Parisa , Thompson Michael S. , Walks John P.
Published: October 2021

With the impact of increased fire resistance requirements that NAVSEA is invoking on ship programs, and the lack of structural doors (i.e., watertight) that are also fire resistant, the industry can benefit from having a compliant option for structural doors that maintains the required internal shipboard fire zone boundaries using only one structural door. Currently using either legacy Navy standard watertight single doors or the new standardized family of watertight single doors tested for pressure and shock qualification during the prior NSRP project, would require installation of two doors in close proximity to one another at fire zone boundaries. One that serves as a fire barrier and the other serving to maintain watertight integrity, or some other mitigating design. A fire resistant watertight door design will reduce the area and volume penalty to ship designs compared to alternate methods and will reduce the ship cost due to having fewer doors to purchase and install. Upon incorporation in a revised Navy standard drawing, these drawings are expected to be invoked on current and future shipbuilding contracts, which will provide a strong basis for widespread implementation after the project is completed.
Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Buoy Geometries on PTO of Wave Energy Converters
Authors: Hamada Ahmed A. , Furth Mirjam
Published: October 2021

Moving water has one of the highest energy densities, yet a major untapped and underutilized area of energy production is wave energy. With the recent interest in the Blue Economy, this is about to change. Point Wave Energy Converter (PWEC) absorbs the wave energy at a single point and is characterized by the buoy surface component and a longer subsurface component that is attached to the seabed. The motion of the top buoy is used to pump fluid or drive a linear generator, which in turn provides power. This paper numerically investigates different shaped surface buoys, with a focus on the power-generating ability of the system, for a single point WEC using a non-linear free surface approximation. Three-dimensional simulations of the buoys in various sea states were modeled in OpenFOAM using Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) equations with Finite Volume Method (FVM). The dynamic mesh module was integrated with the two-phase solver, and the mechanical system of the WEC was modeled with a forced oscillator mechanism. By studying the displacements, frequency responses, and design parameters, the optimal buoy shape for maximizing energy output was determined. Further, the guidance regarding the effect of changes in the geometry, represented by the length to diameter ratio of the shape, is discussed. The results showed that the spheroid buoy shape with a low length to diameter ratio is a good candidate shape to extract wave energy since it has a large waterplane area.
An Overview of the SNAME Marine Forensics Committee and Panel
Authors: Garzke William H.
Published: October 2021

The Marine Forensics Committee is twenty-five years old and has had a number of investigations of ship wrecks and losses to better understand the causes of maritime accidents using ROV’s. AUV’s, advancements in underwater electronics, flooding and sinking simulations as well as the development of procedures for a casualty investigation. Some of the highlights from the twenty-five years of research and investigation of historical ship losses will be summarized.
O desenho que provoca o riso: propostas práticas com desenho de humor em sala de aula
Authors: Mathias Elisângela de Freitas , Sant’Anna Mara Rúbia
Published: October 2021

Todos os capítulos são entrecortados com a narrativa da experiência compartilhada em sala de aula, vivida com alunos e alunas, cuja espontaneidade impulsionou a reflexão e as proposições que se seguem após os relatos que contextualizam as atividades sugeridas. Fique atento ou se deixe levar pelo riso, pelos relatos e por suas próprias reflexões.
Seasonal fitness parameters and selection indices in the natural population of Drosophila melanogaster Meig.
Authors: Vakulenko E. V. , Koptevtsova E. S. , Grigoryev D. S. , Strashnyuk V. Yu.
Published: October 2021

Aim. The purpose of investigation was to study the seasonal selection indices and its components in the natural population of Drosophila melanogaster Meig. Methods. The material for the study was the Gaidary-spring and Gaidary-autumn lines, obtained from the natural population of Gaidary in different seasons of the year. Fecundity and mortality/survival rates in the pre-reproductive period of development were studied. Based on these indicators, the selection indices were calculated according to the Crow`s formula. Results. In terms of individual components of fitness, such as egg production of females, the number of adult offspring, embryonic and pupal mortality, the spring and autumn populations of Gaidary did not show significant differences. Selection indices (Itot) in the autumn population of Gaidary were higher than in the spring population: in the embryonic period of development – by 50.4%, in the postembryonic period – by 67.5%. Differences in the intensity of selection are due to the variance of fertility, which was higher in the autumn population. Conclusions. Seasonal changes in the intensity of selection in different periods of ontogenesis are cumulative, which leads to increased selection pressure in the population of Gaidary in the autumn compared to spring.

Keywords: Drosophila melanogaster Meig., natural population, fecundity, embryonic mortality, pupal mortality, Crow’s indices.
Genetic polymorphism of mountain-taiga populations of siberian stone pine in Kusnetsky Alatau
Authors: Oreshkova N. V. , Sedelnikova t. S. , Efremov S. P. , Pimenov A. V.
Published: October 2021

Aim. Study of DNA polymorphism of 7 coenopopulations of Siberian stone pine (Pinus sibirica) growing in theKuznetsk Alatau. Methods. Nuclear microsatellite loci developed for P. sibirica were used as genetic markers. Results. 44 allelic variants were identified from 11 nuclear microsatellite loci, which significantly differ in the composition and frequency of occurrence of the studied P. sibirica coenopopulations. The highest level of allelic diversity is found in loci Ps_80612 and Ps_1502048, where 8 and 7 alleles were identified, respectively. The calculation of the main parameters of genetic diversity showed a relatively low level of polymorphism in the studied samples (NA = 3.078; NE = 1.877; HE = 0.445; HO = 0.401). The assessment of the degree of genetic differences between populations using the Nei genetic distance (DN) showed that, despite the low genetic differentiation (DN varies from 0.019 to 0.061), the differences between them can be traced quite clearly. Conclusions. Differences in the level of genetic polymorphism of P. sibirica is defined by the presence of orographic and phytocoenotic barriers between coenopopulations, as well as a high degree of ecological and anthropogenic extremity of individual growth sites.

Keywords: Pinus sibirica, Kuznetsk Alatau, microsatellites, genetic diversity, heterozygosity.
The activation of wheat resistance against powdery mildew by combination of biotic elicitor and NO donor
Authors: Zhuk I. V. , Shylina Yu. V. , Dmytriev A. P.
Published: October 2021

Aim. The aim of research was to analyze the activation of Triticum aestivum L. non-specific resistance by the effect of ferulic acid and NO on H2O2 content against fungal pathogen from environment in field trials. Methods. Content of endogenous H2O2 was measured in elicitor treated and infected wheat plants (cv. Oberig myronivskij and Svitanok myronivskij) during different ontogenesis phases. The extent of disease development, morphometric parameters and yield structure were analyzed. Results. The data obtained suggest that different levels of endogenous hydrogen peroxide were induced in wheat leaves by treatment. The growth and yield were stimulated. The infection damage decreased. Conclusions. The role of endogenous hydrogen peroxide is crucial for wheat defense during all vegetation period. The elicitor and donor NO induced effective defense responses and resistance in winter wheat against Erysiphe graminis.

Keywords: Triticum aestivum L., ferulic acid, NO, induced resistance, powdery mildew.
Stabilization of soft wheat selection material which is the result of crossing with wild relatives
Authors: Zambriborshch I. S. , Shestopal O. L. , Nargan T. P. , Chekalova M. S.
Published: October 2021

Aim. Testing the haploproduction ability of 30 hybrids of winter soft wheat. Methods. In vitro culture of isolated anthers of wheat. The percentage of callus and regeneration of green plants for each genotype calculated as a percentage of the planted anthers. Results. The differences in the frequency of callus induction and the ability to regenerate plants in the process of androgenesiss in vitro of winter soft wheat were detected. The microspores of 17 of 30 hybrids formed callus by in vitro anther culture were shown. The intensity of one process was different: more than half of the genotypes (18 pcs.) were characterized by a low percentage of callus (from 0.10 to 1.0%), 6 genotypes - medium (from 1.0 to 3.0%), and three - high (4.36%; 15.11% and 15.81%, respectively). Conclusions. Genotype-specific of microspores morphogenetic reactions of soft winter wheat in the process of androgenesis in vitro were revealed Samples P26 and P27 showed the highest level of callus formation. The 10 green regenerating plants were obtained.

Keywords: hybrids, soft winter wheat, anther culture in vitro, callus, regeneration.
Effect of 1-naphthylacetic and indol-3-acetics acid on the intensity of callusogenesis and organogenesis of Linum usitatissimum L. in vitro
Authors: Mishchenko S. V.
Published: October 2021

Aim. Investigate the effect of auxins of exogenous origin in nutrient medium in vitro on the germination and organogenesis intensity in Linum usitatissimum L. convar. elongatum (‘Hlinum’ variety) at the constant concentration of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). Methods. Hypocotyl segments were cultured on Murashige and Skoog nutrient medium supplemented with sucrose (30 g/l) and phytohormones at various concentrations. Other conditions: photoperiod 16 hours, relative humidity 60–80%, air temperature 22–24°C. Results. Common flax has a great capacity to form callus and shoots under the effect of the following factors: 1) only auxins, 2) only cytokines, 3) combinations of auxins and cytokines. Somatic embryogenesis is also possible on a nonhormonal nutrient medium. Conclusions. For somatic embryogenesis in vitro, the optimal concentrations of BAP can be expressed as 1.0 ≤ BAP ≤ 1.75, the optimal concentrations of BAP for the medium supplemented with 1-naphthylacetic (NAA, 0.05 mg/l) 0.5 ≤ BAP ≤ 2.0, the optimal concentration of NAA for the medium supplemented with BAP (1.0 mg/l) 0.025 ≤ NAA ≤ 0.150, and the optimal concentrations of indol-3-acetics acid (IAA) for the medium supplemented with BAP (1.0 mg/l) 0.05 ≤ IAA ≤ 0.50. Keywords: Linum usitatissimum L., in vitro, phytohormones, callus, organogenesis.
Application of nanomaterial for maturation in vitro of cattle embryos
Authors: Trotskyi P. A. , Shcherbak O. V. , Kovtun S. I.
Published: October 2021

Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness of the use of nanomaterial in the environment for the further development of in vitro embryos derived from frozen-thawed oocytes in the system of conservation of genetic resources of animals at the cellular level. Methods. Biotechnological, cryobiological, morphological, cytogenetic, and statistical methods, as well as methods of statistical data processing were used in the research. Results. Oocyte-cumulus complexes (OCC) of cows were divided into four groups: three experimental, in which the maturation was performed in a medium containing 0.1, 0.01 and 0.001% UFS/sucrose and control - without the addition of nanobiomaterial. In vitro fertilization of pre-mature frozen-thawed ova of cows and subsequent maturation of embryos in the medium with the addition of UFS/sucrose (0.001%) showed an increase in the number of embryos by 16.7-22.1% compared with the addition of 0.1; 0.01% and 13.1% compared to the control group. It was found that the fragmentation rate of 2-cell cattle embryos decreased from 65.0 to 39.8% with a decrease in the concentration of UFS/sucrose from 0.1 to 0.001%. The most stable indicators of the fragmentation index from 78.4 to 50.0% were observed on the fourth day of embryo cultivation in experimental group B. Conclusions. Reducing the concentration of UFS/sucrose from 0.1 to 0.001% in the composition of the medium for in vitro maturation of cattle embryos leads to an increase of 16.7-22.1% in the number of embryos obtained.

Keywords: oocyte-cumulus complex, cryopreservation, nanomaterial, in vitro maturation, embryo.