bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Doxorubicin Administration at Different Doses and Durations on the Body Weight of Rats
Authors: ÇELİK KENAR Zeynep , ORUÇ Ertan
Published: January 2025

This study examines the impact of varying doses of Doxorubicin (DOX) on body weight in rats, with a focus on the drug's cachexia-inducing properties. While DOX is a widely used anticancer drug, it is associated with significant side effects, including cardiotoxicity and cachexia, which occur through mechanisms such as reduced insulin sensitivity, impaired glucose uptake, and decreased adipogenesis. In this study, 12-week-old male Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups: Control (C), low-dose DOX (DOX-L, 3 mg/kg), high-dose DOX (DOX-H, 12 mg/kg), and cumulative-dose DOX (DOX-C, 3 mg/kg every 24 hours for 4 days). The rats' weights were measured after administering various doses of DOX. Results indicated that the DOX-H group, which received a single high dose of DOX, experienced greater body weight loss compared to the other groups. The DOX-C group, which received the same total dose of DOX in cumulative doses, showed less weight loss compared to the DOX-H group. This suggests that single high-dose DOX applications lead to more significant body weight loss than cumulative dosing. The similarity in body weight loss between the DOX-L group (receiving a single low dose) and the control group indicates that DOX dosage is more influential than exposure duration. Given the potential for DOX to exacerbate cachexia in cancer patients, it is concluded that administering DOX in lower or cumulative doses may be preferable to a single high dose. In light of this information, we recommend further studies to determine the optimal dosage and duration of DOX administration, and to explore potential protective agents that could reduce DOX-related side effects on treatment.
Análisis de prácticas docentes en los portafolios temáticos en relación con el desarrollo de habilidades socioemocionales
Authors: Martínez Méndez Karla , De la Torre Cárdenas Ana , Díaz Rocha Arodí
Published: January 2025

El presente es un estudio de tipo cualitativo. La obtención de datos se realizó a través de nueve documentos recepcionales del programa (portafolios temáticos) de la maestría en Educación Primaria y Preescolar de las docentes de tres generaciones. El objetivo principal del estudio fue conocer las prácticas de las docentes que permiten el progreso de habilidades socioemocionales en sus estudiantes y que se reflejan en su documento de titulación. Los resultados muestran que las docentes identifican en la familia el espacio que genera dificultades para el desarrollo socioemocional de sus alumnos; además, se aprecia una relación cercana entre las experiencias de las docentes y el interés por el tema, quienes han reflexionado acerca de su propia práctica y reconocen el desarrollo socioemocional como parte fundamental del proceso educativo, abordándolo en el aula a partir del fomento de habilidades o competencias como el autoconocimiento, identificación de sus emociones, empatía o autorregulación.
Construcción de productos audiovisuales para la comprensión lectora. Una experiencia colaborativa
Authors: Franco Gallego Darwin Valmore , Zuluaga Gladys Eugenia
Published: January 2025

Este estudio analiza el impacto de la construcción de productos audiovisuales en la comprensión lectora de estudiantes de décimo y undécimo grado en la Institución Educativa Madre María Mazzarello, una escuela fiscal en Medellín. La hipótesis establece que la implementación de recursos audiovisuales mejora la comprensión lectora y que el uso de las tecnologías de la información y comunicación (TICS) resulta fundamental para que la educación avance al ritmo de los desarrollos tecnológicos. El análisis emplea un enfoque mixto cualitativo y cuantitativo para valorar el proyecto colaborativo, el cual integra diversas áreas del conocimiento. Las actividades incluyen la creación de animaciones digitales y cortometrajes, y los datos se recogen a través de encuestas y observaciones. Los resultados confirman que el 61.4 % de los estudiantes percibe mejoras en su comprensión lectora, lo que demuestra que la tecnología aplicada al aula, especialmente en los procesos de formación lectora, genera un aprendizaje significativo, desarrolla habilidades críticas y moderniza la educación.
De la divisibilidad a las ternas pitagóricas: teoremas y formas de generación
Authors: Villarroel Salazar Alexander José , Villarroel Rosillo Francisco Javier
Published: January 2025

This article proposes an innovative approach, from the perspective of divisibility towards the generation of Pythagorean triples, taking the naturals from n=3 and up to infinity and their divisibility characteristics based on their parity to use a, its divisors and quotients in the generation of theorems that allow studying the possible Pythagorean triples that arise from each number n when considering it as a fixed minor leg, in addition a general formula is introduced that allows studying what difference is desired between the major leg to find iterative and easily programmable ways to obtain the generation of Pythagorean triples
Guía rápida de análisis genéticos bajo modelos mixtos con WOMBAT
Authors: Pérez González José Raúl
Published: January 2025

The identification of the best individuals is based on obtaining the genetic values ​​(GV), or best linear unbiased predictors (BLUP) as they are also known, which allow the identification of genetically superior or inferior animals in the herd. A computer program widely used worldwide to calculate the GV is WOMBAT, which was written in FORTRAN95 by Dr. Karin Meyer and launched on the market in 2005. WOMBAT uses the methodology of mixed linear models under the REML method. A database of weaning weight in cattle was used to show the use of WOMBAT in calculating the GV using 3 different models. For the 3 models different results were found for the GV. It can be concluded that WOMBAT-REML can predict the GV of animals for the characteristics using efficient algorithms under mixed models, its use is recommended for the genetic evaluation of characteristics of zootechnical interest in animal populations.
Persona, familia y género – Liber Amicorum a Mª del Carmen Gete-Alonso y Calera
Authors: Solé Resina Judith
Published: January 2025

Este libro contiene un conjunto de aportaciones de profesoras y profesores de universidades españolas y extranjeras, en su mayoría vinculados al Movimiento Carmona por la feminización del derecho privado. Los 31 trabajos que recoge se encuentran agrupados en tres temáticas: derecho de la persona, derecho de familia y género. Sobre ellas se reflexiona en profundidad y con una perspectiva que toma en consideración la construcción social de los géneros y su transcendencia en el derecho privado. Quiere ser, además, una muestra de admiración y cariño que sus participantes sienten por la Dra. Mª del Carmen Gete-Alonso y Calera, maestra, compañera y amiga.
Ordenación jurídico-administrativa del Turismo
Authors: Font Llovet Tomàs , Vandelli Luciano , Díaz Sánchez Juan José
Published: January 2025

La ordenación jurídico administrativa del turismo en la Europa del siglo XXI se enfrenta al reto de conseguir un turismo responsable, competitivo y de calidad, esto es, un turismo próspero y sostenible

En este marco, la presente obra estudia la posición de las Administraciones públicas, de los operadores privados y de los consumidores/usuarios del sector turístico, en un contexto de tensión entre desregulación –o neorregulación– economía colaborativa y unidad de mercado.

Asimismo se analiza la relación entre tres sectores tan interconectados como son el turismo, el urbanismo y el medio ambiente, con las respectivas competencias administrativas y con una específica exigencia de coordinación entre la planificación territorial y la medioambiental, de cara a conseguir una ordenación sostenible de la actividad y de los equipamientos turísticos.

Este libro recoge el análisis riguroso y de calidad sobre estos retos efectuado por los máximos especialistas, todos ellos profesores universitarios de Derecho administrativo, reunidos al efecto en uno de los más prestigiosos congresos internacionales de la disciplina.
La déshumanisation par le QI
Authors: Ouellet Guillaume , Quesne Julien
Published: January 2025

Cet article traite de la stigmatisation des personnes composant avec une déficience intellectuelle en postulant que l’intelligence, telle que définie historiquement par le modèle médical, contribue à entretenir la dévalorisation sociale de ces personnes premières concernées. Les auteurs appellent à dépasser la perception médicalisée et pathologisante de la déficience intellectuelle, en insistant sur l’importance d’adopter une vision inclusive, en fonction de laquelle le handicap est conçu comme une responsabilité collective.
Las expresiones eufemísticas en español y en francés: propuesta de actividades para el desarrollo de la competencia léxica en FLE
Authors: Rodriguez Pedreira Nuria
Published: January 2025

El objetivo primordial del presente trabajo es el desarrollo de la competencia léxica en estudiantes de Francés como Lengua Extranjera (FLE) o como segunda lengua (L2) a través del uso de expresiones eufemísticas en español y en francés. Debido a la naturaleza efímera y al marcado carácter social de estas, nuestra propuesta de actividades se dirige a estudiantes universitarios que poseen al menos un nivel intermedio alto (B2) o avanzado (C1) de destreza léxica en la lengua extranjera (LE) y unos conocimientos gramaticales adecuados. Este nivel de competencia lingüística del Marco común europeo de referencia para las lenguas (MCERL) les permitirá aprender las nociones metalingüísticas necesarias y comprender el funcionamiento de los usos eufemísticos, todo ello con el fin de lograr un mayor desarrollo de su competencia léxica. Las expresiones eufemísticas, que por definición aluden a “una manifestación suave o decorosa de ideas cuya recta y franca expresión sería dura o malsonante” (RAE, 2021 s.v. eufemismo), constituyen un potencial escasamente explotado en la enseñanza y aprendizaje de una LE. Sin embargo, al igual que los sinónimos, permiten que el locutor sustituya un referente por otro, contribuyen a la variación léxica, aportan matices semánticos que presentan un gran interés desde el punto de vista didáctico, contribuyendo así al enriquecimiento léxico y semántico de los aprendientes. Con este fin y partiendo de un corpus de expresiones eufemísticas comunes en español y en francés, presentamos una propuesta didáctica para el incremento de la competencia léxica de los estudiantes de FLE.
Cyclic di-AMP drives developmental cycle progression in Chlamydia trachomatis
Authors: Lee Junghoon , Ouellette Scot P
Published: January 2025

The obligate intracellular bacterium
Chlamydia
alternates between two functional forms during its developmental cycle: elementary body (EB) and reticulate body (RB). However, the molecular mechanisms governing the transitions between these forms are unknown. Here, we present evidence cyclic di-AMP (c-di-AMP) is a key factor in triggering the transition from RB to EB (i.e., secondary differentiation) in the chlamydial developmental cycle. By overexpressing or knocking down expression of c-di-AMP synthase genes, we made strains producing different levels of c-di-AMP, which we linked to changes in secondary differentiation status. Increases in c-di-AMP resulted in an earlier increase in transcription of EB-associated genes, and this was further manifested in earlier production of EBs. In contrast, when c-di-AMP levels were decreased, secondary differentiation was delayed. Based on these data, we conclude there is a threshold level of c-di-AMP needed to trigger secondary differentiation in
Chlamydia
. This is the first study to identify a mechanism by which secondary differentiation is initiated in
Chlamydia
and reveals a critical role for the second messenger signaling molecule c-di-AMP in this process.
Ezrin defines TSC complex activation at endosomal compartments through EGFR-AKT signaling
Authors: Giamundo Giuliana , Intartaglia Daniela , Prete Eugenio Del , Polishchuk Elena , Andreone Fabrizio , Ognibene Marzia , Buonocore Sara , Mele Bruno Hay , Salierno Francesco Giuseppe , Monfregola Jlenia , Antonini Dario , Grumati Paolo , Eva Alessandra , de Cegli Rossella , Conte Ivan
Published: January 2025

Endosomes have emerged as major signaling hubs where different internalized ligand-receptor complexes are integrated and the outcome of signaling pathways are organized to regulate the strength and specificity of signal transduction events. Ezrin, a major membrane-actin linker that assembles and coordinates macromolecular signaling complexes at membranes, has emerged recently as an important regulator of lysosomal function. Here, we report that endosomal-localized EGFR/Ezrin complex interacts with and triggers the inhibition of the Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC complex) in response to EGF stimuli. This is regulated through activation of the AKT signaling pathway. Loss of Ezrin was not sufficient to repress TSC complex by EGF and culminated in translocation of TSC complex to lysosomes triggering suppression of mTORC1 signaling. Overexpression of constitutively active EZRIN
T567D
is sufficient to relocalize TSC complex to the endosomes and reactivate mTORC1. Our findings identify EZRIN as a critical regulator of autophagy via TSC complex in response to EGF stimuli and establish the central role of early endosomal signaling in the regulation of mTORC1. Consistently, Medaka fish deficient for Ezrin exhibit defective endo-lysosomal pathway, attributable to the compromised EGFR/AKT signaling, ultimately leading to retinal degeneration. Our data identify a pivotal mechanism of endo-lysosomal signaling involving Ezrin and its associated EGFR/TSC complex, which are essential for retinal function.
Preparation of Nutmeg Gel and Evaluation of its Efficacy as Local Drug Delivery in Stage II Grade A Periodontitis Patients: A Prospective Interventional Study
Authors: Syed Vazeeha Afrin , Pavithra AS , Rajasekar Arvina , Shanmugam Rajeshkumar
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Periodontitis is defined as a chronic inflammatory disease caused by specific microbes, which triggers the production of inflammatory mediators. This process leads to the loss of tissue structure and function. Nutmeg has been found to consist of a number of chemical components that have been linked to antioxidant, health promoting, and disease-prevention activity.

Aim: To prepare nutmeg gel and to assess its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities, and its effectiveness as a locally delivered drug in the management of stage II grade A periodontitis.

Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted in Department of Periodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. A 30 mg nutmeg gel was prepared and subjected to antiinflammatory, antioxidant, and cytotoxic assays. Followed by in-vitro analysis, 40 patients with stage II grade A periodontitis patients who reported between June 2023 and September 2023 to the Department of Periodontology were enrolled. A total of 20 patients were subjected to Scaling and Root Planing (SRP) alone (Group A - Control), and the remaining 20 patients were subjected to SRP + placement of 0.3% nutmeg gel (Group B - Test). Probing Depth (PD) and Clinical Attachment Level (CAL) were recorded at baseline and after three months. The data were analysed for statistical significance using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version 23.0. Intergroup and intragroup comparison was done using independent t-test and paired t-test, respectively, with a p-value <0.05 considered statistically significant.

Results: In vitro analysis revealed that the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of nutmeg gel was comparable to the control. Also, the survival rate of nauplii fell within acceptable ranges. Followed by in-vivo analysis, in-vivo analysis was done. A total of 13 females and seven males with a mean age of 29.45±3.98 years were treated with SRP (Group A), and eight females and 12 males with a mean age of 28±3.22 years were treated with SRP along with 0.3% nutmeg gel (Group B). PD and CAL showed significant reduction from baseline to three months in test and control groups and was statistically significant (p<0.05). On intergroup comparison in terms of PD and CAL statistically significant difference was present (p<0.05) at the end of three months, favouring Group B.

Conclusion: The developed nutmeg gel was found to be effective when used in addition to SRP as a Local Drug (LD) among patients with stage II grade A periodontitis.
Ethical Orientation, Situational Factors and Auditors' Ethical Decision Making in Bali: A Moderating Variable of Locus of Controls
Authors: Raditya I Gusti Agung Gde Adhi , Ratnadi Ni Made Dwi , Wirakusuma Made Gede , Putri I Gusti Ayu Made Asri Dwija
Published: January 2025

Aims: This study aims to examine the influence of ethical orientation and situational factors on auditors' ethical decision-making in Bali, with locus of control as a moderating variable.
Study Design: A quantitative study using the Partial Least Square (PLS) technique for data analysis.
Methodology: The study involved 90 registered auditors, with data collected through structured questionnaires. The research explored how ethical orientations (idealism and relativism), risk preference, current information recency, and moral intensity influence ethical decision-making. The moderating role of locus of control was also assessed.
Results: The findings indicate that ethical decision-making is significantly influenced by relativism ethical orientation and moral intensity. Situational factors such as current information recency and risk preference also affect decision-making, with locus of control moderating these relationships. However, locus of control did not influence the relationship between ethical orientations and ethical decision-making.
Conclusion: Ethical decision-making among auditors is shaped by both ethical orientations and situational factors, with locus of control playing a moderating role for specific variables.
Recommendations: For Practitioners is the audit firms should implement training programs that address the effects of ethical orientations and situational factors on decision-making, aiming to strengthen ethical awareness and behavior. For Policy-Makers is the Regulatory bodies should establish policies to enhance the understanding and management of situational factors that affect ethical decision-making in auditing. For Future Research is the additional studies should investigate other moderating variables and extend the research to different professional contexts to generalize the findings.
Chemokine N‐terminal‐derived peptides differentially regulate signaling by the receptors CCR1 and CCR5
Authors: Larsen Olav , Schuermans Sara , Walser Anna , Louka Stavroula , Lillethorup Ida Aaberg , Våbenø Jon , Qvortrup Katrine , Proost Paul , Rosenkilde Mette M.
Published: November 2023

Inflammatory chemokines are often elevated in disease settings, where the largest group of CC‐chemokines are the macrophage inflammatory proteins (MIP), which are promiscuous for the receptors CCR1 and CCR5. MIP chemokines, such as CCL3 and CCL5 are processed at the N terminus, which influences signaling in a highly diverse manner. Here, we investigate the signaling capacity of peptides corresponding to truncated N termini. These 3–10‐residue peptides displayed weak potency but, surprisingly, retained their signaling on CCR1. In contrast, none of the peptides generated a signal on CCR5, but a CCL3‐derived tetrapeptide was a positive modulator boosting the signal of several chemokine variants on CCR5. In conclusion, chemokine N termini can be mimicked to produce small CCR1‐selective agonists, as well as CCR5‐selective modulators.
Biomedical Metal–Organic Framework Materials: Perspectives and Challenges
Authors: Wang Alec , Walden Madeline , Ettlinger Romy , Kiessling Fabian , Gassensmith Jeremiah J. , Lammers Twan , Wuttke Stefan , Peña Quim
Published: November 2023

Metal–organic framework (MOF) materials are gaining significant interest in biomedical research, owing to their high porosity, crystallinity, and structural and compositional diversity. Their versatile hybrid organic/inorganic chemistry endows MOFs with the capacity to retain organic (drug) molecules, metals, and gases, to effectively channel electrons and photons, to survive harsh physiological conditions such as low pH, and even to protect sensitive biomolecules. Extensive preclinical research has been carried out with MOFs to treat several pathologies and, recently, their integration with other biomedical materials such as stents and implants has demonstrated promising performance in regenerative medicine. However, there remains a significant gap between MOF preclinical research and translation into clinically and societally relevant medicinal products. Here, the intrinsic features of MOFs are outlined and their suitability to specific biomedical applications such as detoxification, drug and gas delivery, or as (combination) therapy platforms is discussed.  Furthermore, relevant examples of how MOFs have been engineered and evaluated in different medical indications, including cancer, microbial, and inflammatory diseases is described. Finally, the challenges facing their translation into the clinic are critically examined, with the goal of establishing promising research directions and more realistic approaches that can bridge the translational gap of MOFs and MOF‐containing (nano)materials.
Stretchable Electronic Facial Masks for Skin Electroporation
Authors: Xu Xinkai , Guo Liang , Liu Hao , Zhou Zanxin , Li Shuang , Gu Qi , Ding Shenglong , Guo Haitao , Yan Yan , Lan Yuqun , Li Qinlan , Wei Wanxin , Zhang Jian , Liu Chong , Su Yewang
Published: November 2023

A stretchable electronic facial mask (SEFM) for skin electroporation by transdermal drug delivery is introduced. The SEFM exhibits characteristics of reusability, water‐resistant, low cost, and portability. To achieve these objectives while maintaining satisfactory mechanical and electrical performance of the device, two main areas are innovated: (1) Grinding and doping modification of conductive ink to enhance its adhesion to silicone and increase conductivity through material research, as well as mechanical structure design for stretching stability of conductive ink electrodes. (2) Doping modification of high‐temperature vulcanizes silicone to address the issue of increased resistance during encapsulation due to the swell of conductive ink. The SEFM designed with these innovations, is validated in rat experiments, demonstrating a 3–4 times increase in drug intake compared to the control group without skin electroporation. Safety is confirmed, and the promotion of niacinamide drug delivery is verified in human volunteers. The materials‐modified conductive ink and conductive silicone proposed in SEFM can be employed in other flexible wearable devices, and this platform has the potential for future integration of additional components to achieve expanded functionality and productization.
Reversible Structural Evolution of Metal‐Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Catalysts During CO2 Electroreduction: An Operando X‐ray Absorption Spectroscopy Study
Authors: Hursán Dorottya , Timoshenko Janis , Ortega Eduardo , Jeon Hyo Sang , Rüscher Martina , Herzog Antonia , Rettenmaier Clara , Chee See Wee , Martini Andrea , Koshy David , Roldán Cuenya Beatriz
Published: November 2023

Electrochemical CO2 reduction (CO2RR) is a rising technology, aiming to reduce the energy sector dependence on fossil fuels and to produce carbon‐neutral raw materials. Metal‐nitrogen‐doped carbons (M‐N‐C) are emerging, cost‐effective catalysts for this reaction; however, their long‐term stability is a major issue. To overcome this, understanding their structural evolution is crucial, requiring systematic in‐depth operando studies. Here a series of M‐N‐C catalysts (M = Fe, Sn, Cu, Co, Ni, Zn) is investigated using operando X‐ray absorption spectroscopy. It is found that the Fe‐N‐C and Sn‐N‐C are prone to oxide clusters formation even before CO2RR. In contrast, the respective metal cations are singly dispersed in the as‐prepared Cu‐N‐C, Co‐N‐C, Ni‐N‐C, and (Zn)‐N‐C. During CO2RR, metallic clusters/nanoparticles reversibly formed in all catalysts, except for the Ni‐N‐C. This phenomenon, previously observed only in Cu‐N‐C, thus is ubiquitous in M‐N‐C catalysts. The competition between M‐O and M‐N interactions is an important factor determining the mobility of metal species in M‐N‐C. Specifically, the strong interaction between the Ni centers and the N‐functional groups of the carbon support results in higher stability of the Ni single‐sites, leading to the excellent performance of Ni‐N‐C in the CO2 to CO conversion, in comparison to other transition metals.
Employing Noble Metal–Porphyrins to Engineer Robust and Highly Active Single‐Atom Nanozymes for Targeted Catalytic Therapy in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Wang Daji , Wang Jie , Gao Xuejiao J. , Ding Hui , Yang Ming , He Zhiheng , Xie Jiaying , Zhang Zixia , Huang Haibing , Nie Guohui , Yan Xiyun , Fan Kelong
Published: November 2023

Single‐atom nanozymes (SANzymes) emerge as promising alternatives to conventional enzymes. However, chemical instability limits their application. Here, a systematic synthesis of highly active and stable SANzymes is presented by leveraging noble metal–porphyrins. Four noble metal–porphyrins are successfully synthesized to mimic the active site of natural peroxidases through atomic metal–N coordination anchored to the porphyrin center. These noble metal–porphyrins are integrated into a stable and biocompatible Zr‐based metal–organic framework (MxP, x denoting Ir, Ru, Pt, and Pd). Among these, MIrP demonstrates superior peroxidase‐like activity (685.61 U mg−1), catalytic efficiency, and selectivity compared to horseradish peroxidase (267.71 U mg−1). Mechanistic investigations unveil heightened catalytic activity of MIrP arises from its robust H2O2 adsorption capacity, unique rate‐determining step, and low energy threshold. Crucially, MIrP exhibits remarkable chemical stability under both room temperature and high H2O2 concentrations. Further, through modification with (−)‐Epigallocatechin‐3‐Gallate, a natural ligand for Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)‐encoded latent membrane protein 1, targeted SANzyme (MIrPHE) tailored for EBV‐associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma is engineered. This study not only presents an innovative strategy for augmenting the catalytic activity and chemical stability of SANzymes but also highlights the substantial potential of MIrP as a potent nanomedicine for targeted catalytic tumor therapy.
Tele‐proctoring for minimally invasive surgery across Japan: An initial step toward a new approach to improving the disparity of surgical care and supporting surgical education
Authors: Takemasa Ichiro , Okuya Koichi , Okita Kenji , Akizuki Emi , Miyo Masaaki , Ishii Masayuki , Miura Ryo , Ichihara Momoko , Takahiro Korai , Oki Eiji , Takatsuki Mitsuhisa , Eguchi Susumu , Ichikawa Daisuke , Kitagawa Yuko , Sakai Yoshiharu , Mori Masaki
Published: November 2023

Aim

The aim of this study was to verify the clinical feasibility of tele‐proctoring using our ultra‐low latency communication system with shared internet access.

Methods

Connections between two multiple remote locations at various distances were established through the TELEPRO® tele‐proctoring system. The server records the latency between the two locations for tele‐proctoring using the annotations. Questionnaires were administered to the surgeons, assistants, and medical staff. Respondents rated the quickness and quality of communication in terms of latency and disturbances in the audio, video, and usefulness of the live telestrations with annotation.

Results

Seven hospitals tele‐proctored with Sapporo Medical University between January 2021 and September 2022. The median latency of annotation between the two locations ranged from 24.5 to 48.5 ms. No major technological problems occurred, such as streaming interruption, loss of video or audio, poor resolution. The video encoding time was 10 ms, and its decoding time was 0.8 ms. The total latency positively correlated with the distance between two locations (R = 0.55, p < 0.01). The quality of communication regarding latency, disturbance, and surgical education with intraoperative annotative instructions showed similar trends, with perfectly fine being the most common response. No significant differences in surgical quality, educational effect, or social impact were observed between the latency ≥30 and <30 ms groups for whether the size of latency affects surgical education.

Conclusion

The feasibility of the tele‐proctoring system is expected to be a sustainable approach to help education for young surgeons and surgical supports in rural areas, thereby reducing disparities in health care.
Enzymatic Dimerization‐Induced Self‐Assembly of Alanine‐Tyramine Conjugates into Versatile, Uniform, Enzyme‐Loaded Organic Nanoparticles
Authors: Kumar Pradhan Manas , Suresh Puthenpurackal Surya , Srivastava Aasheesh
Published: November 2023

Herein, we report a novel enzymatic dimerization‐induced self‐assembly (e‐DISA) procedure that converts alanine‐tyramine conjugates into highly uniform enzyme‐loaded nanoparticles (NPs) or nanocontainers by the action of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in an aqueous medium under ambient conditions. The NP formation was possible with both enantiomers of alanine, and the average diameter could be varied from 150 nm to 250 nm (with a 5–12 % standard deviation of as‐prepared samples) depending on the precursor concentration. About 60 % of the added HRP enzyme was entrapped within the NPs and was subsequently utilized for post‐synthetic modification of the NPs with phenolic compounds such as tyramine or tannic acid. One‐pot multi‐enzyme entrapment of glucose oxidase (GOx) and peroxidase (HRP) within the NPs was also achieved. These GOx‐HRP loaded NPs allowed multimodal detection of glucose, including that present in human saliva, with a limit of detection (LoD) of 740 nM through fluorimetry. The NPs exhibited good cytocompatibility and were stable to changes in pH (acidic to basic), temperature, ultrasonication, and even the presence of organic solvent (EtOH) to a certain extent, since they are stabilized by intermolecular hydrogen bonding, π‐π, and CH‐π interactions. The proposed e‐DISA procedure can be widely expanded through the design of diverse enzyme‐responsive precursors.
Divergent Chemo‐ and Biocatalytic Route to 16β‐Methylcorticoids: Asymmetric Synthesis of Betamethasone Dipropionate, Clobetasol Propionate, and Beclomethasone Dipropionate
Authors: Wei Jianhai , Zhang Yajiao , Liu Minjie , Ning Yingtang , Cao Yiran , Chen Fen‐Er
Published: November 2023

16β‐Methylcorticoids are among the most important glucocorticoid steroids for the treatment of various dermatological disorders, respiratory infections, and other allergic reactions elicited during inflammatory responses of the human body. Betamethasone dipropionate, clobetasol propionate, and beclomethasone dipropionate are particularly noteworthy for their synthetic intractability. Despite five decades of research, these 16β‐methylcorticoids have remained challenging synthetic targets owing to insurmountable issues of reactivity, selectivity, and cost efficiency associated with all previously explored strategies. We herein report our practicability‐oriented strategy toward the unified stereoselective synthesis of 16β‐methylcorticoids in 12.6–14.0 % overall yield from commercially available 9α‐hydroxyandrost‐4‐ene‐3,17‐dione (9α‐OH‐AD). In this approach, the chiral C16β‐Me and C17α‐OH groups of the corticosteroid D ring were installed via a substrate‐controlled diastereo‐ and enantioselective Mn‐catalyzed oxidation‐reduction hydration of Δ4,9(11),16‐triene‐3,20‐dione. The C1−C2 double bond of the corticosteroid A ring was constructed using an unprecedented engineered 3‐ketosteroid‐Δ1‐dehydrogenase (MK4‐KstD)‐catalyzed regioselective Δ1‐dehydrogenation of Δ4,9(11)‐diene‐3,21‐dione. This strategy provides a general method and a key precursor for the divergent synthesis of a variety of glucocorticoids and related steroidal drugs.
Analysis of the mechanism of antioxidant synergism between α‐tocopherol and myricetin in bulk oil
Authors: Bayram Ipek , Decker Eric A.
Published: November 2023

α‐Tocopherol (α‐TOC) and myricetin (MYR) synergistically inhibit lipid oxidation in bulk oil but the mechanism underlying this effect is unknown. In this research, stripped soybean oil (SSO) was treated with α‐tocopherol (50 μM), myricetin (10–250 μM), and their combinations. Taxifolin (TAX) was also tested because it has structural similarities to myricetin but with a higher redox potential. α‐Tocopherol: myricetin ratios of 5:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, and 1:5 resulted in extended lag phases ranging from 16 to 99 days, with lag phase increasing with increasing myricetin concentrations. Synergism between α‐tocopherol and myricetin was also observed in phospholipid‐containing bulk oils both in the absence and presence of reverse micelles, although the reverse micelles shortened the lag phases. Myricetin (redox potential = 360 mV) delayed the oxidation of α‐tocopherol (redox potential = 500 mV) whereas taxifolin (redox potential = 500 mV) did not. Both myricetin and taxifolin were able to chelate iron as determined by UV–VIS spectroscopy. These results suggested that the lower redox potential of myricetin allowed it to produce synergistic antioxidant activity potentially by regenerating oxidized α‐tocopherol and through its ability to decrease oxidation by metal chelation.
Population structure of the critically endangered Brazilian guitarfish Pseudobatos horkelii (Rhinobatidae) revealed by double‐digest restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing
Authors: Torres Yan , Rotundo Matheus Marcos , Vianna Marcelo , Charvet Patricia , Faria Vicente Vieira , Oliveira Claudio , Foresti Fausto , Cruz Vanessa Paes
Published: November 2023

Molecular analysis is a powerful tool for assessing and developing conservation strategies for endangered species. Elasmobranchs comprise one of the most threatened groups of vertebrates, with about one‐third of the species subject to some degree of threat. This is the case for Pseudobatos horkelii, the Brazilian guitarfish, which has suffered severe population reductions (>80%) in recent decades, mainly through coastal overfishing. Understanding the genetic diversity of this species is paramount to applying adequate management and conservation strategies.

In this context, the present study evaluated the genetic diversity of P. horkelii, employing single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) nuclear markers obtained by double‐digest restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing (ddRADseq). Samples collected in three areas along the Brazilian Coast (Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, and Rio Grande do Sul) provided an average of 1,565,339 reads and 2,846 SNPs.

The results indicate the presence of at least two genetically distinct populations along the Brazilian Coast, with molecular diversity differences noted among clusters. The heterozygosity excess observed in all populations is likely the result of a bottleneck, probably resulting from overfishing and habitat fragmentation. Moreover, the upwelling phenomenon in Cabo Frio, in the state of Rio de Janeiro, may have a significant influence over the observed genetic structure.

The gene flow between the clusters was estimated and was noted as asymmetric between the populations studied. The observed patterns may be the result of the combination of biological characteristics and overfishing pressure in the past decades. The evidence of structured populations presenting genetic diversity differences provides insightful information for the development of stock management and conservation strategies for the Brazilian guitarfish.
AARS2as a novel biomarker for prognosis and its molecular characterization in pan‐cancer
Authors: Liu Long , Gao Jie , Liu Xudong , Zhang Feng , Hu Bowen , Zhang Huapeng , Wang Zhihui , Tang Hongwei , Shi Ji Hua , Zhang Shuijun
Published: November 2023

Introduction

The mitochondrial alanyl‐tRNA synthetase 2 (AARS2) as one of aminoacyl‐tRNA synthases (ARSs) performs amino acid transportation and involves protein synthesis. However, its role in cancer remains largely unexplored.

Methods

In this study, more than 10,000 samples were enrolled to explore genomic alterations, biological function, prognosis, and clinical treatment based on AARS2 across pan‐cancer. The molecular characterization of AARS2 was confirmed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using proteomics analysis, quantitative real‐time PCR, western blotting, immunohistochemical staining, and cell experiments.

Results

For genomic landscape, the AARS2 was dramatically upregulated in multiple cancers, which might be mainly caused by copy number alteration rather than mutation and methylation. The abnormal expression of AARS2 was prominently associated with activity of cancer pathways and performed oncogenic roles in most cancers. Systematic experiments in vitro substantiated the elevated expression of AARS2, and the deficiency of it inhibited cell proliferation and cell migration in HCC. Meanwhile, our findings suggested that AARS2 could serve as a novel promising and stable biomarker for assessing prognosis and immunotherapy. Moreover, a variety of therapeutic drugs and targeted pathways were proposed for cancer treatment, which might enhance clinical efficacy.

Conclusion

The AARS2 could serve as a new oncogenic gene that promotes cell proliferation and migration in HCC. The comprehensive investigations increased the understanding of AARS2 across human cancers and generated beginning insights of AARS2 in genomic landscape, molecular biological function, prognosis, and clinical treatment.
Enlighting Electron Routes In Oxyfunctionalizing Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803
Authors: Tüllinghoff Adrian , Toepel Jörg , Bühler Bruno
Published: November 2023

Phototrophic microorganisms, like cyanobacteria, are gaining attention as host organisms for biocatalytic processes with light as energy source and water as electron source. Redox enzymes, especially oxygenases, can profit from in‐situ supply of co‐substrates, i. e., reduction equivalents and O2, by the photosynthetic light reaction. The electron transfer downstream of PS I to heterologous electron consuming enzymes in principle can involve NADPH, NADH, and/or ferredoxin, whereas most direct and efficient transfer is desirable. Here, we use the model organism Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 to investigate, to what extent host and/or heterologous constituents are involved in electron transfer to a heterologous cytochrome P450 monooxygenase from Acidovorax sp. CHX100. Interestingly, in this highly active light‐fueled cycloalkane hydroxylating biocatalyst, host‐intrinsic enzymes were found capable of completely substituting the function of the Acidovorax ferredoxin reductase. To a certain extent (20 %), this also was true for the Acidovorax ferredoxin. These results indicate the presence of a versatile set of electron carriers in cyanobacteria, enabling efficient and direct coupling of electron consuming reactions to photosynthetic water oxidation. This will both simplify and promote the use of phototrophic microorganisms for sustainable production processes.
Blue‐Light Irradiated Mn(0)‐Catalyzed Hydroxylation and C(sp3)−H Functionalization of Unactivated Alkanes with C(sp2)−H Bonds of Quinones for Alkylated Hydroxy Quinones and Parvaquone
Authors: Kumar Jha Raushan , Rohilla Komal , Jain Saket , Parganiha Devendra , Kumar Sangit
Published: November 2023

Site‐selective C(sp3)−H functionalization of unreactive hydrocarbons is always challenging due to its inherited chemical inertness, slightly different reactivity of various C−H bonds, and intrinsically high bond dissociation energies. Here, a site‐selective C−H alkylation of naphthoquinone with unactivated hydrocarbons using Mn2(CO)10as a catalyst under blue‐light (457 nm) irradiation without any external acid or base and pre‐functionalization is presented. The selective C−H functionalization of tertiary over secondary and secondary over primary C(sp3)−H bonds in abundant chemical feedstocks was achieved, and hydroxylation of quinones was realizedin situby employing the developed methodology. This protocol provides a new catalytic system for the direct construction of high‐value‐added compounds, namely, parvaquone (a commercially available drug used to treattheileriosis) and its derivatives under ambient reaction conditions. Moreover, this operationally simple protocol applies to various linear‐, branched‐, and cyclo‐alkanes with high degrees of site selectivity under blue‐light irradiated conditions and could provide rapid and straightforward access to versatile methodologies for upgrading feedstock chemicals. Mechanistic insight by radical trapping, radical scavenging, EPR, and other controlled experiments well corroborated with DFT studies suggest that the reaction proceeds by a radical pathway.
Predictors of emotional intelligence among family caregivers of cancer patients: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Moosivand Shakiba , Nazari Omid , Shahverdi Ali , Gholami Mohammad , Mohammadi Rasool , Yarahmadi Sajad
Published: November 2023

Background

Family caregivers of cancer patients must have strong emotional intelligence skills essential for understanding one's and others' feelings and learning how to cope.

Objectives

The present study aims to determine the predictive factors of emotional intelligence and its relationship with spiritual intelligence, coping, and knowledge and experience about pain among family caregivers of cancer patients in Iran.

Methods

A cross‐sectional, descriptive study was conducted in 2020–2021. Two hundred twenty‐six family caregivers of cancer patients participated in this study. The data collection tools were Wong and Law's emotional intelligence, King's spiritual intelligence, Brief Cope, and the family pain questionnaire. Following determining the variables' correlation, linear regression was carried out.

Results

Emotional intelligence had a significant correlation with age (r = 0.20, p = .003), academic degree (r = 0.15, p = .032), duration of care (r = 0.15, p = .032), and spiritual intelligence (r = 0.30, p < .001). The regression model accounted for 12.4% of the variance in emotional intelligence; age (β = 0.16, p < .021) and spiritual intelligence (β = 0.26, p < .001) were significant explanatory variables.

Conclusions

Emotional intelligence is correlated with age, academic degree, duration of care, and spiritual intelligence, but only age and spiritual intelligence were found to be predictive factors for emotional intelligence in the family caregivers of cancer patients.
Plasma‐Assisted Sustainable Nitrogen‐to‐Ammonia Fixation: Mixed‐phase, Synergistic Processes and Mechanisms
Authors: Qu Zhongping , Zhou Renwu , Sun Jing , Gao Yuting , Li Zhuo , Zhang Tianqi , Zhou Rusen , Liu Dingxin , Tu Xin , Cullen Patrick , Ostrikov Kostya (Ken)
Published: November 2023

Ammonia plays a crucial role in industry and agriculture worldwide, but traditional industrial ammonia production methods are energy‐intensive and negatively impact the environment. Ammonia synthesis using low‐temperature plasma technology has gained traction in the pursuit of environment‐benign and cost‐effective methods for producing green ammonia. This Review discusses the recent advances in low‐temperature plasma‐assisted ammonia synthesis, focusing on three main routes: N2+H2 plasma‐only, N2+H2O plasma‐only, and plasma coupled with other technologies. The reaction pathways involved in the plasma‐assisted ammonia synthesis, as well as the process parameters, including the optimum catalyst types and discharge schemes, are examined. Building upon the current research status, the challenges and research opportunities in the plasma‐assisted ammonia synthesis processes are outlined. The article concludes with the outlook for the future development of the plasma‐assisted ammonia synthesis technology in real‐life industrial applications.
Climate, fire disturbance regime, and vegetation response of the past 2500 years for central Nova Scotia
Authors: Gajewski K. , Neil Karen , Ponomarenko Elena , Ershova Ekaterina , Stewart Bruce , Neily Peter , Quigley Eugene
Published: November 2023

The interaction between climate change and disturbances affects forest composition and dynamics, but most of our empirical knowledge comes from short‐term studies of the past century. Pollen and charcoal analyses of lake sediment cores retrieved from three sites in Nova Scotia were used to produce a landscape‐level analysis of long‐term forest cover dynamics and fire disturbances of the past ~2500 years. The present‐day forests had been established by that time, although a long‐term increase inPiceaat the expense of northern hardwoods was seen at all sites, consistent with other pollen records found across New England and Eastern Canada. The driving influences of forest change prior to European settlement were a combination of climate and disturbance, acting on site characteristics of each region. Fires were relatively infrequent in this region and did not have a major impact on the evolution of the forests of central Nova Scotia. Changes in the relative abundances of the tree taxa occurred in response to long‐term cooling during the past 3000 years and century‐scale climate variability such as the Little Ice Age (ce1450–1850) and Medieval Warm Period (ce800–1300). The impact of climate variability on the fire regime depends on the landscape and vegetation type. “Borealization” of the Acadian Forest, noted during the period of European colonization, has been occurring for millennia.
Odontostemma balfourianum (W.W.Sm.) Satish Chandra & D.S.Rawat and Stellaria depauperata Edgew., two new records of Caryophyllaceae for Nepal
Authors: Kafle Rashika , Rajbhandary Sangeeta , Thapa Til Kumari , Parmar Gaurav
Published: November 2023

Stellaria depauperata has been found in Nepal, according to earlier investigations. However, upon closer examination, the specimens of S. depauperata that were collected from Nepal and deposited at various herbaria revealed that they belonged to Odontostemma balfourianum or another Stellaria species. Nevertheless, a small number of mislabeled Stellaria specimens upon careful examination turned out to be S. depauperata. Therefore, this study revealed the presence of O. balfourianum, and S. depauperata in Nepal. The taxonomic treatment, habitat, distribution, and images, have all been provided for both species. Odontostemma balfourianum can be easily distinguished from S. depauperata in having longer stem, petalous, and chasmogamous flowers.