bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
WATER USE OF ALFALFA GENOTYPES OF DIVERSE GENETIC ORIGIN AT THREE SOIL TEMPERATURES
Authors: McELGUNN J. D. , HEINRICHS D. H.
Published: March 2010

The efficiency of water use of 15 alfalfa genotypes of diverse genetic origin was studied in a growth room at three soil temperatures. The genotypes were similar in water used per unit of dry matter produced, but there was a significant temperature × genotype interaction. Genotypes of Medicago falcata L. used less water per day than genotypes of Medicago media Pers. and Medicago sativa L., but this was due to their slower growth rate. It was concluded that to develop higher yielding cultivars for optimum moisture conditions, selection should be for high rate of growth and rapid recovery and not for water use efficiency.
EFFECTS OF TOMATO RINGSPOT VIRUS ON DRUPELET SET OF RED RASPBERRY CULTIVARS
Authors: DAUBENY HUGH A. , STACE-SMITH R. , FREEMAN JACK A.
Published: March 2010

Tomato ringspot virus (Tom RSV) had particularly adverse effects on drupelet set of the red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) cultivars Avon and Lloyd George. It affected Matsqui, Puyallup and Newburgh to a lesser extent. In Tom RSV-infected Newburgh, reduced drupelet set occurred only on those plants showing decline symptoms. With Avon and Lloyd George, reduced drupelet set appeared to involve reductions in male and female fertility. In Matsqui, Puyallup and Newburgh, male fertility as determined by pollen quality did not seem to be affected. Tom RSV did not affect drupelet set of Canby, Carnival, Glen Clova, Latham, Malling Jewel and Meeker.
ETHYL-METHANESULFONATE-INDUCED MUTATIONS IN RAPE (BRASSICA NAPUS)
Authors: FOWLER D. B. , STEFANSSON B. R.
Published: March 2010

Ethyl-methanesulfonate (EMS)-treated rape (Brassica napus L.) populations were studied in the M2 generation. A large number and variety of visible deviates were observed and, of these, mutation frequencies of 28.3% for chlorophyll and 9.6% for flower color occurred in populations arising from a 1.0% EMS dose. A reduction in population fitness was related to increased EMS dose.
VARIABILITY FOR VIGOR, HEIGHT, AND FLOWERING IN INTRODUCTIONS OF CICER MILKVETCH
Authors: TOWNSEND C. E. , ACKERMAN W. D.
Published: March 2010

not available
SUB-ARCTIC MAXI: A LARGE-FRUITED SUBARCTIC-TYPE TOMATO
Authors: HARRIS R. E.
Published: March 2010

not available
A STRAIN OF VERTICILLIUM DAHLIAE PATHOGENIC TO SWEET PEPPER IN SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIO
Authors: EVANS G. , McKEEN C. D.
Published: March 2010

not available
STEADY STATE RESISTANCE TO WATER FLOW IN CORN UNDER WELL WATERED CONDITIONS
Authors: DUBÉ P. A. , STEVENSON K. R. , THURTELL G. W. , NEUMANN H. H.
Published: March 2010

Determinations of plant resistance to water flow from measurements of leaf water potential at steady transpiration rates were made on different lines of corn (Zea mays L.). Two inbreds, Q188, a wilting mutant, and DR1, an inbred line shown to have at least some heat and drought tolerance under field conditions, were compared to a commercial single-cross hybrid, United 106. The purpose of the experiment was to isolate the cause of the wilting characteristic of Q188. A linear relationship was found between leaf water potential and transpiration rate for all lines. No water potential gradients were found at zero transpiration. Low total plant resistances were observed in United 106 and DR1, with the major resistance being in the root system in both genotypes. Although the resistance to water movement through the roots and lower stalk in Q188 did not appear to differ from those of the other lines, a much larger resistance was found in the upper stalk of Q188; resistance to water movement through the lower stalk (up to node 5) decreased as the plants matured from 55 to 70 days of age but no comparable changes occurred in the upper portions of the stem. In vivo detection of the xylem vessels with staining techniques confirmed the observed differences in resistances.
PREDICTED FORAGE VALUE OF WHOLE PLANT CEREALS
Authors: FISHER L. J. , FOWLER D. B.
Published: March 2010

Dry matter yield, percent dry weight, in vitro digestible dry matter, in vitro digestible organic matter, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, ash and hemicellulose contents were determined for spring- and fall-sown common wheat, barley, rye and triticale and spring-sown durum wheat and oats for the period from late boot to maturity. Differences among cultivars and stages of maturity were significant for all parameters. These differences were accompanied by stage of maturity interactions. Consideration of the interrelationships among these parameters revealed that level of in vitro digestible dry matter was reflected in measures of acid detergent fiber and ash or percent dry weight. Further analyses indicated that differences in digestibility due to stage of maturity were primarily reflected by changes in ash or percent dry weight, while differences in digestibility among cultivars were mainly attributable to differences in acid detergent fiber.
SEASONAL CHANGES IN THE EPIPHYTIC POPULATION OF ERWINIA AMYLOVORA ON APPLE AND PEAR
Authors: DUECK J. , MORAND J. B.
Published: March 2010

Erwinia amylovora (Burr.) Winsl. et al., the pathogen causing fireblight, was readily isolated from symptomless leaves in blocks of Lodi apple (Malus sylvestris Mill.), Bartlett pear (Pyrus communis L.) and a multicultivar pear block. The frequency of positive assays appeared to be related to the incidence of fireblight symptoms. However, the percent positive samples was highly variable, making prediction of blight outbreaks difficult. The bacterial population was highest from mid-July to the end of August. Before and after this period numbers of E. amylovora were relatively low. The pathogen was isolated from apparently healthy dormant buds of Lodi apple and Flemish Beauty pear.
THE BIOLOGY OF CANADIAN WEEDS.: 14. Gypsophila paniculata L.
Authors: DARWENT A. L.
Published: March 2010

This contribution on Gypsophila paniculata L., baby’s breath (Caryophyllaceae), is part of a series that presents biological information on plants that are weedy in Canada. G. paniculata, an ornamental which has escaped from gardens, is a weed problem in sandy, submarginal farmlands, roadside drainage ditches and various ruderal habitats. It occurs across Canada and has been found at 60° N latitude. Largest infestations of the species occur in the southern portions of the three most western provinces.
EVIDENCE FOR TRANSLOCATION OF ZEARALENONE IN CORN PLANTS COLONIZED BY FUSARIUM GRAMINEARUM
Authors: SUTTON J. C. , BALIKO W. , FUNNELL H. S.
Published: March 2010

The distribution of Fusarium graminearum Schwabe and of the mycotoxin zearalenone was examined in corn plants which were inoculated 57 days earlier with F. graminearum in the stem, the ear, or both, F. graminearum colonized only the inoculated portions of the plants. Among 21 stem-inoculated plants, zearalenone was found in steins (average 132 μg/100 g) but not ears of 6 plants, and in the ears (average 18.3 μg/100 g) but not the stems of 4 plants. It was not found in the remaining 11 plants. Zearalenone in healthy ears of plants inoculated only in the stem is circumstantial evidence for translocation of the mycotoxin from the stem to the ear. Zearalenone was detected in ears (average 1,236 μg/100 g) but not in stems of plants inoculated only at the ear, indicating no translocation of the mycotoxin from the ear to the stem. No F. graminearum or zearalenone was found in noninoculated control plants.
DISTRIBUTION OF 14C RESIDUE OF TCA-14C IN VEGETATIVE AND GRAIN PARTS OF OATS AND WHEAT
Authors: CHOW P. N. P.
Published: March 2010

A TCA-14C solution at 1.8 × 10−7M (2.42 μCi) was applied to the roots of 22-day-old greenhouse seedlings of oats (Avena sativa L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Over a period of 42.5 h, wheat roots absorbed three times as much TCA-14C as oat roots (41.4 vs. 13.2%). A substantial reduction of 14C residues in shoots and roots in both crops occurred within 6 wk after absorption and then remained relatively constant in shoots. Most of the absorbed 14C (89.9–93.7% in oats and 88.8–98.3% in wheat) was distributed in shoots. Oat roots retained more 14C (3.6–8.4%) than wheat roots (0.7–3.6%). Small percentages of 14C residues were found in seeds (0.4–1.4% in oats and 1.8–6.6% in wheat), and about an equal amount in the chaff. Wheat seeds (0.09–0.19 ppm) tended to accumulate more 14C than oat seeds (0.01–0.03 ppm).
RELATION ENTRE LE DEGRE DE POURRITURE, L’IMPEDANCE DES TISSUS ET LA DENSITE OPTIQUE D’UN EXTRAIT A L’ACETATE D’ETHYLE CHEZ LA RACINE DE LA LUZERNE
Authors: RICHARD C. , GAGNON C.
Published: March 2010

The impedance of blocks of root tissue of several different rot indices was measured in alfalfa. In addition, optical density readings of ethyl acetate extracts of these blocks were made at 275 and 350 nm. Calculation of the coefficient of correlation between impedance and rot indices 2 to 5 indicates a significant negative correlation. On the other hand, a strong positive correlation was observed between high optical densities and elevated rot indices. While greater precision is achieved with optical density principally for low level of rot, experience indicates that a rot index estimated visually is the most rapid practical method.
EFFETS DE QUELQUES RETARDANTS DE CROISSANCE ET DE L’ACIDE GIBBERELLIQUE SUR LA RESISTANCE AU FROID DE LA LUZERNE (MEDICAGO SATIVA)
Authors: PAQUIN ROGER , WILLEMOT CLAUDE , ST-PIERRE J.-C. , BELZILE LUCIUS
Published: March 2010

The enhancement of frost hardiness of alfalfa by treatment with growth retardants in the field remains uncertain and could depend on the hormonal status of the plant, conditioned by photoperiod and temperature. Timing of treatment in the field is therefore important and difficult to pinpoint, thus resulting in variable effects from year to year on growth, survival and yields of the plants, whatever the soil type used. Alar and phosphon were superior to CCC in their effects on growth, winter survival and yield, and seemed more promising than the latter. Gibberellic acid and CCC had opposite actions and CCC effects were overcome by gibberellic acid.
LONGEVITY OF RED CLOVER (TRIFOLIUM PRATENSE) UNDER INDOOR CONDITIONS
Authors: GASSER H. , GAGNON C.
Published: March 2010

Nine red clover cultivars (Trifolium pratense L.) including single-cut and double-cut types, diploid and tetraploid, were grown under artificial conditions in a growth chamber. Up to 14 harvests with cutting intervals of 3–4 wk were obtained from certain cultivars over a period of 309 days. With the exception of Tammisto, the tetraploids performed better than the diploids. At the end of the experiment, all the cultivars were healthy and showed no sign of physiological deterioration.
FACTORS AFFECTING SHAPE OF MCINTOSH APPLE FRUIT
Authors: WEBSTER D. H.
Published: March 2010

McIntosh apple (Malus sylvestris Mill.) fruit shape was influenced by position in the blossom cluster, rootstock and strain and was correlated with Mg content of leaf tissue. High Mg content of leaves was associated with large length to diameter (L/D) ratios of fruit. The effects of rootstock and strain were conditional; in years of short apples, the L/D ratio of fruit approached a common small value regardless of rootstock or strain; in years of more elongate apples, the L/D ratio of fruit was more influenced by rootstock or strain. In general, large L/D ratios were associated with shallow stem-cavities.
SULPHUR DEFICIENCY AND TOXICITY SYMPTOMS IN GREENHOUSE TOMATOES AND CUCUMBERS
Authors: WARD G. M.
Published: March 2010

Symptoms of sulphur deficiency and toxicity on greenhouse tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and cucumbers (Cucumis sativis L.) were produced experimentally in sand culture and are described in detail. The principal morphological effect was a general depression of growth and fruit production. A S content of less than 0.25% in any plant tissue was associated with severe deficiency. The distribution of S in various plant tissues is shown.
EFFECTS OF HEIGHT OF TOPPING AND PLANT SPACING OF FLUE-CURED TOBACCO ON CERTAIN PROPERTIES OF THE CURED LEAVES AND SMOKE CHARACTERISTICS OF CIGARETTES
Authors: ELLIOT J. M.
Published: March 2010

In a 3-yr experiment, flue-cured tobacco, spaced at 60 cm in rows 107 cm apart, was topped at 12, 15, or 18 leaves or not topped. In a 2-yr experiment, plants were spaced at 38, 48, 58, and 71 cm, in rows 107 cm apart and topped at 14 or 18 leaves. Yield of tobacco increased with increase in topping height or decrease in plant spacing. The untopped tobacco yielded more than tobacco topped to 12 leaves. Lamina weight tended to increase with lower topping height or wider spacing. Increasing height of topping or decreasing plant spacing decreased total alkaloids in leaves and cigarette smoke; untopped tobacco was lower in total alkaloids than any topped tobacco. Level of total N was highest with the 12-leaf topping height in the sample combined from all harvests. Low topping and wide spacing tended to give the lowest reducing sugars for the combined sample. Increasing plant spacing tended to increase petroleum ether extract in the fourth and fifth harvests. Total particulate matter was not affected by height of topping but untopped tobacco had the lowest total particulate matter.
QUALITY AND YIELD OF DILL OIL PRODUCED IN MANITOBA
Authors: CHUBEY B. B. , DORRELL D. G.
Published: March 2010

not available
COMBINING ABILITY AND CORRELATIONS OF WINTER SURVIVAL, ELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE AND MORPHOLOGY IN JUVENILE APPLE TREES
Authors: FEJER S. O.
Published: March 2010

In apple rootstocks and scion diallel crosses, general combining ability (GCA) was high for winter survival, juvenile tree morphology and electrical impedance (except in late spring, due to desiccation) and specific effects (SCA) were higher than reported by Watkins and Spangelo (1970). Correlations showed that electrical impedance is reliable for indicating presence of winter damage but not for predicting it. Relative hardiness of two scion cultivars was indicated.
DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE OF AN ELECTRONIC SEED COUNTER
Authors: McLAUGHLIN N. B. , GIESBRECHT J. , BLIGH D. F.
Published: March 2010

A general purpose electronic seed counter which counts seeds during free fall is described. Counting errors of less than 0.4% at counting speeds of 400 to 1,180 seeds/min were obtained for seeds of nine different species ranging in size from corn (Zea mays L.) to trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.). Under some conditions, the seed dispenser, a vibratory small parts feeder, segregated wheat kernels (Triticum aestivum L.) into weight classes dispensing heavier kernels first into the counting system.
BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN DEVELOPING WHEAT GRAINS. I. CHANGES IN PROTEINS, CARBOHYDRATES, AND NUCLEIC ACIDS
Authors: KAPOOR AMIN C. , HEINER ROBERT E.
Published: March 2010

Two spring wheat cultivars, (Triticum aestivum L.) one tall, Chris, and another semidwarf, Era, with different yield and grain protein potentials, were grown in a controlled environment chamber to compare protein, carbohydrate, and nucleic acid contents in developing grain at 12, 22, 29, and 36 days after heading. Crude protein and true protein of both cultivars increased and the nonprotein nitrogen decreased as the grain matured. Starch content was initially low but increased rapidly during maturation while reducing sugars, sucrose, and fructosans decreased. Starch synthesis started earlier in Chris but was more rapid in Era at later stages of development. Era contained more starch than Chris at maturity. Nucleic acid contents were also affected during grain maturation. Chris, which produced higher amounts of grain protein throughout grain development, also contained higher amounts of RNA and DNA at all stages of development.
GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL VARIATION IN GROSS ENERGY CONTENT OF BARLEY
Authors: BERDAHL J. D. , HARVEY B. L. , BHATTY R. S.
Published: March 2010

not available
LENNOX WINTER WHEAT
Authors: NASS H. G.
Published: March 2010

not available
EFFECTS OF SEVERAL HERBICIDES ON RED CLOVER SEED PRODUCTION
Authors: DARWENT A. L. , PANKIW P.
Published: March 2010

not available
EFFECTS OF SOYBEAN LEAFLET TYPE ON NET CARBON DIOXIDE EXCHANGE, WATER USE, AND WATER-USE EFFICIENCY
Authors: HIEBSCH C. K. , KANEMASU E. T. , NICKELL C. D.
Published: March 2010

Two near-isogenic soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) lines with normal and narrow leaflets were compared in the field for differences in net carbon dioxide exchange rates, water use, and water-use efficiency with various combinations of population and row spacing. Net carbon dioxide exchange was determined with an open field chamber system and infrared gas analyzer. Water use was estimated from neutron attenuation readings and precipitation. Leaflet type did not significantly affect net carbon dioxide exchange, water use, or yield. Water-use efficiency was only affected at 53 plants/m2 in 38-cm rows, with greater efficiency for the narrow-leaflet cultivar.
THE BIOLOGY OF CANADIAN WEEDS: 19. Asclepias syriaca L.
Authors: BHOWMIK PRASANTA C. , BANDEEN JOHN D.
Published: March 2010

This summary of biological data is for common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca L.), as a weed in Canada, particularly in eastern Canada. Weedy populations of this perennial occur in great abundance in southern Ontario and Quebec. It belongs to association of plants of roadsides, waste lands and river basins. Recently, this weed has spread into cultivated lands, especially cereals, row crops and forage crops.
WINTER HARDINESS AND SURVIVAL OF FORAGE CROPS IN CANADA
Authors: OUELLET C. E.
Published: March 2010

Winter survival ratings of the chief forage crops grown in Canada were obtained by means of a national survey carried out at 42 stations for 21 species and 75 cultivars. By an appropriate grouping of these data, winter hardiness indices ranging from 100 to 45 and regional survival indices ranging from 100 to 20 were obtained. On the average, legumes were less hardy than grasses; only 12 cultivar hardiness indices out of 33 were above 80 for legumes, as compared to 33 out of 42 for grasses. Mean survival indices were 97 for humid coastal British Columbia, 94 for dry south British Columbia, 62 for the Prairie Provinces, 72 for Ontario, 69 for Quebec, and 70 for the Atlantic Provinces. Hardiness indices agreed with published hardiness data. Survival of cultivars depended chiefly on their inherent winter hardiness as well as on environmental factors and their general adaptation to individual regions.
INFLUENCE OF HARVEST SYSTEMS AND NITROGEN RATES ON YIELDS, QUALITY AND PERSISTENCE OF CHAMP TIMOTHY IN THE SEEDING AND POSTSEEDING YEARS
Authors: KUNELIUS H. T. , SUZUKI M. , WINTER K. A.
Published: March 2010

The interaction effects of harvest systems and rates of N on yield, quality and persistence of Champ timothy (Phleum pratense L.) were studied in a 4-yr field experiment. In the seeding year, total dry matter (DM) yields were highest (4.41 tons/ha) for the harvest taken 12 wk after seeding. Total DM yields increased with increasing N application up to 148 kg N/ha/yr. During the 3 postseeding yr, timothy was harvested four (system A), three (B) or two (C) times per season. Nitrogen was applied at five rates from 33 to 165 kg/ha; three times for systems A and B and twice per season for system C. Total DM yields showed increases for the full range of N application for systems A and B, but up to 132 kg/ha/application for system C. The tissue N concentrations were increased by increasing rates of fertilizer N while the in vitro digestibility of DM (IVDDM) was not generally changed. Forage with high IVDDM of 68.0 to 72.0% was produced under systems A and B whereas under C, IVDDM ranged from 55.9 to 65.1% during the season. The NO3-N concentrations of tissue frequently exceeded 0.15% levels at N rates above 132 kg/ha/application. High rates of N tended to thin the stand, but weeds were most prevalent where the lowest N rate was used.
LOYOLA BARLEY
Authors: KLINCK H. R.
Published: March 2010

not available
CAVELL OATS
Authors: ALLEN H. T. , KAUFMANN M. L.
Published: March 2010

not available
MICRONUTRIENT STATUS OF RUTABAGA, BROCCOLI, BRUSSELS SPROUTS AND CAULIFLOWER AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH SOIL pH IN PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND
Authors: GUPTA U. C. , CUTCLIFFE J. A.
Published: March 2010

not available
EFFECTS OF 10- AND 20-HOUR PHOTOPERIOD TREATMENTS AT 20 AND 30 C ON RATE OF DEVELOPMENT OF A SINGLE-CROSS MAIZE (ZEA MAYS) HYBRID
Authors: BREUER C. M. , HUNTER R. B. , KANNENBERG L. W.
Published: March 2010

A single-cross maize (Zea mays L.) hybrid was grown under two photoperiods (10 and 20 h) at two constant temperatures (20 and 30 C). Rate of development was characterized by the number of days from planting to tassel initiation, tassel initiation to silking, and silking to maturity. Long photoperiod and low temperature independently increased the number of days between planting and tassel initiation. The interval between tassel initiation and silking was not affected by photoperiod, but was increased significantly by the low temperature treatment. During the grain filling period (silking to maturity), temperature had the principal effect, but a photoperiod by temperature interaction did occur. Although plants grown at 20 C required more days to reach maturity than those grown at 30 C, the filling period at 20 C was shorter under the 10-h photoperiod than under the 20-h photoperiod, but at 30 C, the 10-h photoperiod treatment had the longer filling period. The delay in development at the low temperature, although apparent at all three stages of development, was not of the same magnitude. When the delay in development at 20 C is expressed as a percent of time required at 30 C, the 20 C treatment took 28% longer between planting and tassel initiation than the 30 C treatment. The corresponding figures for days between tassel initiation and silking and between silking and maturity were 58 and 46%, respectively.
EFFECTS OF SOIL MOISTURE AROUND NODULES ON NITROGEN FIXATION BY WELL WATERED SOYBEANS
Authors: HUME D. J. , CRISWELL J. G. , STEVENSON K. R.
Published: March 2010

Soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) were grown at various soil moisture levels around nodules so effects on nitrogen fixation could be studied. Plants were grown in a growth room in 35-cm diam pots. Pots contained two layers of loam–sand mixture separated by a layer of coarse silica, intended to restrict capillary movement of soil moisture from the bottom to the top soil layer. At the beginning of seed development, pots received 200 ml water on the surface, 200 ml in the bottom layer through plastic tubes or 100 ml each way. Plants with good root development in the bottom soil layer maintained leaf water potentials greater than − 6 bars, while soil moisture around nodules varied from 4 to 20%. In three individual experiments, in which only plants with leaf water potentials greater than − 6 bars were considered, there was no relationship between soil moisture around nodules and mg N2[C2H2] fixed/g nodule dry weight × h. When results of two experiments with similar fixation means were combined, there was a barely significant (R2 =.19*) quadratic relationship, with very dry soil or soil near field capacity around nodules decreasing fixation slightly. Percent moisture in soil around nodules did not affect nodule moisture content, indicating that nodule moisture status was maintained if plants received adequate moisture from below the nodule zone.
PRODUCTIVITY OF PERMANENT BROMEGRASS PASTURES IN THE PARKLANDS OF THE PRAIRIE PROVINCES
Authors: LOOMAN J.
Published: March 2010

Bromegrass and bromegrass–legume pastures are usually seeded on cleared and broken forest land, or on broken native grassland. In time, these pastures establish equilibrium with the environment and form distinct plant communities in which several native species occur. The productivity of 15- to 35-yr-old cultivated pastures is commonly three to four times that of native grassland or bush-pastures. Under good management, the presence of "weedy" species does not appreciably reduce yields. Weedy species averaged slightly more than 2% in bromegrass pastures yielding 3,340 kg/ha, and 1% in bromegrass–legume pastures yielding 4,400 kg/ha in 1975.
YIELD STABILITY OF FABA BEANS (VICIA FABA) IN EASTERN AND WESTERN PROVINCES OF CANADA AS COMPARED TO WHEAT
Authors: SEITZER J. F. , EVANS L. E.
Published: March 2010

Four faba bean cultivars of European origin were tested in eastern and western provinces of Canada and their yield performance compared with a Canadian wheat cultivar. Yield stability was measured by the relative amount of environmental variability between and within test environments. Seed yields of faba beans were highest (4,388 kg/ha) in Manitoba and slightly above the wheat check; in Saskatchewan, faba bean yields (2,836 kg/ha) were 618 kg/ha below the wheat. Environmental variances in the two provinces were equal to or better than the wheat check. In the eastern provinces, faba bean yields (3,263 kg/ha) were considerably higher than those of the wheat, but so were their environmental variances. It is concluded that the wheat cultivar was better adapted to dry conditions, while faba beans responded more favorably to a moister environment.
EFFETS DU pH ET DES REGIMES HYDRIQUES DES SOLS SUR LES RENDEMENTS ET LA TENEUR EN Mn DE LA LUZERNE ET DU LOTIER CULTIVES EN SERRE
Authors: DIONNE J. L. , PESANT A. R.
Published: March 2010

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) were grown under greenhouse conditions, on Ste-Rosalie clay and St-Jude sand adjusted at pH of 5.0, 6.5 and 7.5, in order to determine the effect of soil pH and soil moisture regimes on the yields of the two legumes. Three soil moisture regimes were used: (1) humid (H1), with soil moisture between saturation point and field capacity; (2) optimum (H2), with soil moisture between field capacity and 70% of this value; (3) dry (H3), with soil moisture between 50% of field capacity and wilting point. Under the dry soil moisture regime (H3), birdsfoot trefoil behaved in the same way as did alfalfa. Their drought resistance decreased as the soil pH increased. Dry matter yields were reduced by 61.5% when soils were limed at the pH of 7.5. Under the humid soil moisture regime (H1), the productivity of alfalfa decreased much more than that of birdsfoot trefoil. The effect of excess soil moisture on alfalfa was mostly observed on the unlimed soils. Under these wet and acid soil conditions, alfalfa was intoxicated and suffocated due to high exchangeable manganese content and poor soil aeration. Liming soils to the pH of 7.5 decreased exchangeable Mn in soils to a non-toxic level and alfalfa could then grow well enough to transpire off the excess of soil water. Birdsfoot trefoil was much less influenced by soil acidity and poor drainage than alfalfa was.
AN INDEX OF COMPETITION FOR ESTIMATING LOSS OF RAPE DUE TO WILD OATS
Authors: DEW D. A. , KEYS C. H.
Published: March 2010

not available
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT AND RATE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN SOYBEANS
Authors: BUTTERY B. R. , BUZZELL R. I.
Published: March 2010

Photosynthetic rate of soybeans (on a leaf area basis, PA) estimated from the incorporation of 14CO2 under field conditions was highly correlated with chlorophyll content of the side leaflets of the same leaves. Among a collection of 48 cultivars, the linear regression of PA on chlorophyll content accounted for 44% of the variation, whereas with a selection of genotypes with various mutant chlorophyll genes, the regression accounted for 81%. When the data for the two tests were re-calculated relative to the check cv. Altona, a quadratic equation between PA and chlorophyll accounted for nearly 90% of the variation. When photosynthetic rate was expressed on a unit chlorophyll basis (Pc), no significant differences among lines were established in the cultivar test. In the mutants test, significant differences in Pc were established with higher values of Pc associated with lower chlorophyll contents; a linear regression accounted for 45% of the variation. Transformation of the data from both experiments relative to Altona allowed the fitting of a common regression line (quadratic) which accounted for 63% of the variation. We suggest that initial screening of progenies in a breeding program for high photosynthetic rate could be done by measuring chlorophyll content.
EFFECTS OF MAGNETIC SEED TREATMENT ON YIELDS OF BARLEY, WHEAT, AND OATS IN SOUTHERN ALBERTA
Authors: PITTMAN U. J.
Published: March 2010

Preseeding magnetic treatment of barley seed (Hordeum vulgare L.) resulted in seed yield increases in 13 of 19 field tests in southern Alberta from 1972 and 1975. Similarly, treatment of spring and winter wheat seed (Triticum aestivum L.) resulted in yield increases in 14 of 23 tests. Otas (Avena sativa L.) showed no yield response to magnetic treatment of the seed. Within specified limits, date of treatment before seeding, strength of magnetic field, make or model of the magnetic treater used appeared to have no appreciable effect on the response elicited by the seed and the resultant plant.
GREENHOUSE ROSE SPACING UNDER HIGH INTENSITY SUPPLEMENTAL LIGHTING
Authors: TSUJITA M. J.
Published: March 2010

Four plant spacings of 0.07, 0.09, 0.12 and 0.18 m2/plant were evaluated for Rosa hybrida cv. Forever Yours cultured in a commercial greenhouse equipped with 400 W high pressure sodium lamps emitting 22 W/m2 of supplemental light/24 h or 2,500 lx/24 h continuous illumination. Cut flower yields of four harvests for 11 May 1975, 25 Dec. 1975, 14 Feb. 1976 and 9 May 1976 were similar among the four plant spacing treatments from the first harvest. Cut flower number per plant increased significantly with each increment in spacing per plant. Stem lengths were longer in the 0.12 and 0.18 m2/plant spacings for December and February harvests. Flower fresh weight was greater in the 0.18 m2/plant spacing for December, similar to the 0.12 m2/plant spacing for the February harvest but larger than the.07 and.09 m2/plant spacings. These results indicate that the yield of Forever Yours roses spaced at 0.12–0.18 m2/plant and cultured under high intensity supplemental lights can be maintained at a productive level comparable to that at the standard spacing of.09 m2/plant.
EFFECTS OF CERTAIN NEMATICIDES ON SOIL NITROGEN, SOIL NITRIFIERS, AND POPULATIONS OF PRATYLENCHUS PENETRANS IN FLUE-CURED TOBACCO
Authors: ELLIOT J. M. , MARKS C. F. , TU C. M.
Published: March 2010

Field experiments were conducted in 1973 and 1974 on Fox loamy sand to study the effects of Telone (1,3-dichloropropene and related C3 hydrocarbons), Telone C (1,3-dichloropropene and related C3 hydrocarbons 85%, and chloropicrin 15%), Vorlex (1,3-dichloropropene and related C3 hydrocarbons 80%, and methyl isothiocyanate 20%), and the non-fumigant nematicide oxamyl (methyl N′,N′-dimethyl-N-[(methyl-carbamoyl)oxy]-1-thiooxamimidate) on soil nitrifying bacteria, soil nitrogen, and Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb) Filip, and Stek. 1941 in flue-cured tobacco. Chloropicrin and triazophos (1-phenyl-3-(0-0-diethylthionophosphoryl)-1, 2, 4-triazole), a non-fumigant, were also included in 1974. Soil treated with fumigant nematicides was higher in NH4+-N than untreated soil or soil treated with non-fumigant nematicides. Lower levels of NO3−-N were found in the soil 37 days after fumigation with Telone or Telone C and 28 days with Vorlex. Fumigant nematicides increased total mineralization, (NH4+ + NO3−)-N, of organic nitrogen in the soil; the effect lasted longer with Telone C and chloropicrin. Nitrosomonas spp. were higher in Telone- or Telone C-treated plots at 4 wk after fumigation and higher in all nematicide plots at 8 wk. Nitrobacter spp. were higher with Vorlex and oxamyl than in the check plots at 4, 6, and 8 wk after fumigation. Nematicides reduced the population of P. penetrans in the soil throughout the season in 1973 but control was less consistent in 1974. Oxamyl and triazophos gave good control of nematodes in roots of flue-cured tobacco. All nematicides tested gave an increase in yield of tobacco in 1973 but no significant increases were obtained in 1974.
TOTAL SULFUR AS A SCREENING CRITERION FOR SULFUR AMINO ACIDS IN LEGUMES
Authors: BHATTY R. S. , FINLAYSON A. J. , MACKENZIE S. L.
Published: March 2010

The relationship between total sulfur, determined by two methods, and sulfur-containing amino acids methionine and cystine was investigated in 33 genotypes of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), faba beans (Vicia faba L.), peas (Pisum sativum L.), and lentils (Lens culinaris Medik.). The Leco Sulfur Analyzer (method 1) gave values for total sulfur in the legumes 29.2–47.6% lower than the gravimetric procedure (method 2). The mean coefficient of variability of method 1 was 36% higher than for method 2. The correlation coefficient between the two methods for the 33 genotypes was +0.42*. The correlation between percent meal protein and percent total sulfur in the legumes was +0.56**. The correlation between percent meal protein and total sulfur expressed as percent of meal protein or g/16 g N was negative (−0.75**). Faba beans, peas and lentils contained, on the average, 48% more cystine than methionine. Except for lentils, the mean total sulfur amino acid content of the legumes was generally similar. The correlation between percent total sulfur and total sulfur amino acid (mmoles/g meal) content of the legumes was +0.69** for peas and +0.46** for all the legumes. There was little or no change in the correlation when total sulfur and total sulfur amino acid data were expressed as percentages of the meal protein. The sulfur in the sulfur amino acids formed between 44.8 and 66.5% of the total meal sulfur. The rest of the sulfur was present in the meal as non-methionine and non-cystine sulfur. Total sulfur determination in the legume species used in the study is a poor indicator of methionine and cystine contents.
ANALYSIS OF GROWTH OF IRRIGATED RAPE
Authors: MAJOR D. J.
Published: March 2010

Irrigated Polish rape (Brassica campestris L. cv. Span) and Argentine rape (B. napus L. cv. Zephyr) were harvested at 1-wk intervals at Lethbridge, Alberta and separated into leaves, stems, pods, and seed. Leaves reached maximum dry weight on 8 July for Span and 15 July for Zephyr and then senesced completely or to low levels. Maximum plant dry matter, which ranged from 312 to 1,174 g/m2, occurred in the last half of August. Although total dry weight increased substantially during the period that leaf dry weight was decreasing, crop growth rate also decreased, indicating that leaves were an important source of photosynthates for plant growth.
EFFECTS OF PLANTED SEED SIZE AND SEEDING RATE ON RAPESEED
Authors: KONDRA Z. P.
Published: March 2010

not available
KLONDIKE BARLEY
Authors: WOLFE R. I.
Published: March 2010

Klondike is a six-rowed feed barley developed at the Agriculture Canada Research Station, Brandon, Manitoba, from a cross involving Gait, Dickson and Parkland. Its main attribute is a substantial yield increase over existing cultivars in the Black Soil Zone of Western Canada.
A FLOTATION METHOD TO SEPARATE OUT OAT GROATS POSSESSING DIFFERENT DEGREES OF SURFACE HAIRS
Authors: COMEAU A. , DUBUC J. P.
Published: March 2010

Tiny hairs always present on oat groats constitute an undesirable genetic trait, especially in hulless oats (Avena nuda L.). Using normal groats of A. sativa L. or A. nuda mixed with groats from which hairs were artificially removed, we demonstrated the efficiency of a quick process for separation of hairy and less hairy groats. When the groats are shaken into a magnesium sulphate solution (relative density 1.29), the hairy groats float and the less hairy ones sink. Pretreating the groats with a solution of silicone water repellent (4% by weight) in acetone improves the efficiency of the separation. This technique should become helpful to identify parent lines possessing fewer groat hairs and to separate out the less hairy progeny in a bulk F2 of A. nuda.
SEEDING YEAR YIELDS AND QUALITY OF ORCHARD GRASS AS INFLUENCED BY N RATES AND HARVEST SYSTEMS
Authors: KUNELIUS H. T. , SUZUKI MICHIO
Published: March 2010

Frode orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata L.) was seeded at 20 kg/ha without a companion crop in 1971 and 1972. Nitrogen was applied at 37–185 kg/ha at seeding and after the first harvest, and the stands were subjected to three harvest systems. Total dry matter (DM) yields increased up to 74 kg N/ha/application. Systems with the latest first harvest and longest regrowth intervals produced highest DM yields. Early seeding was important for the production of high DM yields. Late fall harvest in October resulted in poor winter survival. The total N concentrations of orchard grass ranged from 2.58 to 4.40%, with small or no increases beyond 111 kg N/ha/application. In vitro disappearance of DM was not affected by N rates but varied from 60.7 to 69.8% with the highest readings for the early or short regrowth interval harvests. Nitrate-N concentrations of orchard grass were < 0.15% at 37 kg N/ha/application. At or above 74 kg N/ha/application, nitrate-N usually exceeded 0.15% level which might be potentially toxic to livestock consuming the forage.
EFFETS DES SOUCHES DE RHIZOBIUM MELILOTI ET DES COUPES SUCCESSIVES DE LA LUZERNE (MEDICAGO SATIVA) SUR LA FIXATION SYMBIOTIQUE D’AZOTE
Authors: BORDELEAU L. M. , ANTOUN H. , LACHANCE R. A.
Published: March 2010

Symbiotic nitrogen fixation with 49 isolates of Rhizobium meliloti was studied under controlled environment with alfalfa cv. Saranac. It was shown that plant yield in dry weight can be used as an indirect measurement of nitrogen fixation, and as a criterion for selecting efficient strains of R. meliloti. Statistical study on yields of three cuttings has established that the second cutting gives the most necessary information to correctly evaluate the symbiotic efficiency of the isolates. Six very efficient strains were selected.
EFFECTS OF 2,4-D, DICAMBA AND 2,4,5-T ON CREEPING RED FESCUE SEED PRODUCTION
Authors: DARWENT A. L. , ELLIOTT C. R. , CLARKE J. M.
Published: March 2010

The effects of 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid] or 2,4,5-T [(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy) acetic acid] at 0.56 and 1.12 kg/ha and of dicamba (3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid) at 0.14–0.56 kg/ha on the seed production of creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra var. genuina L.) were evaluated. Mid-September applications as low as 0.56 kg/ha 2,4-D to fescue in the year of seeding severely reduced yields the following year. Applications of 1.12 kg/ha 2,4,5-T at the same time reduced yields in 1 of 2 yr. Yields of 1-yr-old fescue were reduced by spring applications of 1.12 kg/ha 2,4-D made at or before the 50% heading stage and 0.56 or 1.12 kg/ha 2,4,5-T made prior to stem elongation or at the shot-blade stage. Similar application of 2,4,5-T at the 50% heading stage did not reduce yields. Severe yield reductions occurred when 0.70 kg/ha 2,4-D was applied at the heading to the 90% flowering stages, but not when applied at the hard dough stage. Dicamba had no effect on the yields obtained the year following seeding, regardless of whether applied in mid-September or in the spring prior to the 50% heading stage. Dicamba or 2,4,5-T had no major effect on seed quality, but applications as low as 0.56 kg/ha in mid-September increased dockage the following year. Applications of 0.70 kg/ha 2,4-D at the flowering stage during the year following seeding increased dockage and severely reduced both seed weight and germination.
SUPPRESSING EFFECT OF SOYBEANS ON BARNYARD GRASS
Authors: MAUN M. A.
Published: March 2010

Greenhouse studies on soybean–barnyard grass (BG) interaction showed that soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr. Vansoy) had a strong suppressing effect on plant height, and dry matter productivity, of barnyard grass (Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv.). The least increase in the dry matter of BG occurred when they were planted with 6- to 10-wk-old soybean plants. There was a three- to fourfold increase in the total productivity of BG during the last 5 wk (11–15 wk) of its competition with soybeans. Barnyard grass plants growing with soybeans did not produce any caryopses when they were planted with 3-, 4-, and 5-wk-old soybeans in comparison to soybean-free control.
SPROUTING AND DEVELOPMENT OF YELLOW NUT SEDGE TUBERS
Authors: FRIESEN G. H. , HAMILL A. S.
Published: March 2010

Tubers of yellow nut sedge (Cyperus esculentus L.) were collected from four farm fields representing three soil types in southern Ontario in November of 1974 or 1975. These fields contained from 760 to 8,484 tubers/m2 in the top 40 cm of soil. Tubers extracted from these soils failed to sprout following 6 wk of storage under dry conditions, but sprouting approached 100% if previously stored under cool, moist conditions. Cool temperatures during dry storage for 90 wk reduced subsequent sprouting. Tubers sprouted as well in the greenhouse as in petri plates in a germination chamber. Root growth averaged 2 cm/day in glass-lined root boxes and tuber initiation commenced 90 days after planting. Tuber production was greatest under a short day length of 12 h or less, while shoot and root growth was stimulated by a long photoperiod.
EFFECTS OF NITROGEN FERTILIZATION AND STALK POSITION ON CHLOROPHYLL, CAROTENOIDS, AND CERTAIN LIPIDS OF THREE TOBACCO GENOTYPES
Authors: GRUNWALD C. , SIMS J. L. , SHEEN S. J.
Published: March 2010

Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) cv. Burley 21 and its breeding lines for low alkaloid, LA Burley 21, and low-polyphenol, LP Burley 21, were grown with rates of 112, 224, and 336 kg/ha of N fertilizer. Air-cured leaves from three stalk positions were analyzed for chlorophyll, carotenoid pigments, sterols, total and free fatty acids, and certain fatty acid esters. LA Burley 21 was highest in chlorophyll, carotenoids, and total sterols, while Burley 21 was lowest in chlorophyll and carotenoids and LP Burley 21 was lowest in sterols. The total fatty acid content was highest in LA Burley 21 and lowest in Burley 21. Palmitic acid was the major fatty acid of the free fatty acids and fatty acid ester groups. In general, N fertilization had only minor influences on the quantitative and qualitative composition of the lipid components. Stalk position, however, showed major effects. Crude lipid, chlorophyll, and carotenoids were higher in the top leaves than in bottom leaves. Total sterol content, however, was highest in bottom leaves, and free stigmasterol was the major component that accounted for this increase. The fatty acids in leaves from all stalk positions were similar from a quantitative and qualitative standpoint. A N fertilization × stalk position interaction was observed for total sterol and palmitic acid. Also, a genotype × stalk position interaction was found for contents of sterols, carotenoids, and chlorophyll.
EQUIPMENT AND METHOD FOR ISOLATING SOIL CORES
Authors: DYCK F. B. , CAMPBELL C. A. , MCLAUGHLIN N. B.
Published: March 2010

A soil coring device consisting of a frame, probe, probe-driver and hydraulic system was constructed. It was mounted on a motor grader which provided mobility and sufficient weight to achieve penetration to 122 cm. A technique using the device to isolate cores 15 cm in diameter × 122 cm deep is described. Each core was isolated in 7 min using a crew of four. Only slight compaction of the core was observed. The cost of materials for the coring device was approximately $600.00.
ESSENTIAL OILS FROM SPICES GROWN IN ALBERTA. CARAWAY OIL (CARUM CARVI)
Authors: EMBONG M. B. , HADZIYEV D. , MOLNAR S.
Published: March 2010

The caraway seed (Carum carvi L.) grown in Alberta was steam-distilled for its essential oil. During a 4-yr trial, the two harvests made gave a seed oil yield which averaged 2.65% calculated on a dry weight basis. The oil quality was assessed through analysis by combined TL- and GL-chromatography, and by mass and infrared spectrometry. There were 12 major constituents in the oil, with a corresponding percentage of 93.9%. D(+)-carvone and D(+)-limonene were not less than a total of 87.5% of the oil. There were 23 minor and at least 13 trace constituents. The low amount of benzene-related constituents in the oil was taken as a chemical proof for the correct botanical identity of the plants used in the trial. The oil composition was compared with oils which were imported and used by the domestic food industry. The data showed that the oil used by industry is 7% higher in carvone and 6% lower in limonene, while the other constituents are practically the same. The lower carvone content in Alberta oil was attributed to the fact that the climate of the Prairies permitted the seeds to only partly mature, rather than to an inherent carvone deficiency of the fruit.
EFFET DE L’ADDITION DE SOUFRE A UNE FERTILISATION DE N, P ET K SUR LES RENDEMENTS ET LA QUALITE DE L’ORGE CULTIVEE EN SERRE
Authors: MARTEL Y. A. , ZIZKA J.
Published: March 2010

The effect of sulfur was compared with that of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on the yield and quality of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grown under greenhouse conditions. The work, which included 20 treatments, was carried out on the sandy–loam Saint-André and on the silty–clay Kamouraska. Nitrogen gave greatest differences in the yield of grain and straw on both soils. However, low level or lack of sulfur as well as phosphorus and potassium caused a significative decrease in grain yields in relation with the maximum yield on the Saint-André soil while only the lack of phosphorus produced a similar effect on the Kamouraska soil. Grain analysis showed mean values of 1.05% N, 0.41% P, 0.50% K and 0.10% S which were more constant in relation to the different treatments and the two soils than the ratios N:S (~ 10) and S:P (~ 0.25). The results on the accumulation of sulfur in straw and the variation in the efficiency of added fertilizers made it difficult to relate the need of sulfur for barley with the nitrogen and the phosphorus concentrations in the plants.
EFFECTS OF PLANTING DATE ON RAPESEED
Authors: KONDRA Z. P.
Published: March 2010

Planting at four dates from early May to mid-June at two locations for 2 yr in central Alberta produced the highest yield of Torch from 15 May planting and Midas from 3 May planting. Planting Torch after the end of May and Midas at the end of May, or later, results in a high risk of fall frost damage.
OCCURRENCE IN WESTERN CANADA OF RACES OF COVERED SMUT (USTILAGO KOLLERI) VIRULENT ON CULTIVARS OF OATS WITH RESISTANCE FROM VICTORIA
Authors: NIELSEN J.
Published: March 2010

Three new races of covered smut of oats (Ustilago kolleri) with virulence on Victoria were found in Western Canada. They appear to be related with each other and with the only previously known race of covered smut that is virulent on Victoria. The cultivar Markton is resistant to these races.
A PRECISE AUTOMATIC WATER DISPENSER FOR PLANTS GROWING IN POTS
Authors: DYCK F. B.
Published: March 2010

The water dispenser consists of two solenoid valves and a balance instrumented with a limit switch and a photoelectric controller. Nine pots per minute were watered with a standard deviation of 0.15 g.
CULTIVAR VARIATION IN TOTAL NITROGEN UPTAKE IN RAPE
Authors: GRAMI BAHRAM , LaCROIX L. J.
Published: March 2010

Summer rape (Brassica napus L.) cv. Tower contained higher nitrogen contents in the vegetative plant parts at anthesis and maturity, and higher seed protein than cv. Midas when grown under similar conditions. The high protein trait in cv. Tower was directly associated with its greater ability for the uptake and translocation of nitrogen. The differential nitrogen uptake appeared to be inherited.