bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emotional Context Sculpts Action Goal Representations in the Lateral Frontal Pole
Authors: Lapate Regina C. , Ballard Ian C. , Heckner Marisa K. , D'Esposito Mark
Published: December 2021

Emotional states provide an ever-present source of contextual information that should inform behavioral goals. Despite the ubiquity of emotional signals in our environment, the neural mechanisms underlying their influence on goal-directed action remains unclear. Prior work suggests that the lateral frontal pole (FPl) is uniquely positioned to integrate affective information into cognitive control representations. We used pattern similarity analysis to examine the content of representations in FPl and interconnected mid-lateral prefrontal and amygdala circuitry. Healthy participants (n= 37;n= 21 females) were scanned while undergoing an event-related Affective Go/No-Go task, which requires goal-oriented action selection during emotional processing. We found that FPl contained conjunctive emotion–action goal representations that were related to successful cognitive control during emotional processing. These representations differed from conjunctive emotion–action goal representations found in the basolateral amygdala. While robust action goal representations were present in mid-lateral prefrontal cortex, they were not modulated by emotional valence. Finally, converging results from functional connectivity and multivoxel pattern analyses indicated that FPl emotional valence signals likely originated from interconnected subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) (BA25), which was in turn functionally coupled with the amygdala. Thus, our results identify a key pathway by which internal emotional states influence goal-directed behavior.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTOptimal functioning in everyday life requires behavioral regulation that flexibly adapts to dynamically changing emotional states. However, precisely how emotional states influence goal-directed action remains unclear. Unveiling the neural architecture that supports emotion–goal integration is critical for our understanding of disorders such as psychopathy, which is characterized by deficits in incorporating emotional cues into goals, as well as mood and anxiety disorders, which are characterized by impaired goal-based emotion regulation. Our study identifies a key circuit through which emotional states influence goal-directed behavior. This circuitry comprised the lateral frontal pole (FPl), which represented integrated emotion–goal information, as well as interconnected amygdala and subgenual ACC, which conveyed emotional signals to FPl.
Reduced Learning of Sound Categories in Dyslexia Is Associated with Reduced Regularity-Induced Auditory Cortex Adaptation
Authors: Gertsovski Ayelet , Ahissar Merav
Published: December 2021

A main characteristic of dyslexia is poor use of sound categories. We now studied within-session learning of new sound categories in dyslexia, behaviorally and neurally, using fMRI. Human participants (males and females) with and without dyslexia were asked to discriminate which of two serially-presented tones had a higher pitch. The task was administered in two protocols, with and without a repeated reference frequency. The reference condition introduces regularity, and enhances frequency sensitivity in typically developing (TD) individuals. Enhanced sensitivity facilitates the formation of “high” and “low” pitch categories above and below this reference, respectively. We found that in TDs, learning was paralleled by a gradual decrease in activation of the primary auditory cortex (PAC), and reduced activation of the superior temporal gyrus (STG) and left posterior parietal cortex (PPC), which are important for using sensory history. No such sensitivity was found among individuals with dyslexia (IDDs). Rather, IDDs showed reduced behavioral learning of stimulus regularities and no regularity-associated adaptation in the auditory cortex or in higher-level regions. We propose that IDDs' reduced cortical adaptation, associated with reduced behavioral learning of sound regularities, underlies their impoverished use of stimulus history, and consequently impedes their formation of rich sound categories.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTReading difficulties in dyslexia are often attributed to poor use of phonological categories. To test whether poor category use could result from poor learning of new sound categories in general, we administered an auditory discrimination task that examined the learning of new pitch categories above and below a repeated reference sound. Individuals with dyslexia (IDDs) learned categories slower than typically developing (TD) individuals. TD individuals showed adaptation to the repeated sounds that paralleled the category learning in their primary auditory cortex (PAC) and other higher-level regions. In dyslexia, no brain region showed such adaptation. We suggest that poor learning of sound statistics in sensory regions may underlie the poor representations of both speech and nonspeech categories in dyslexia.
Heavy metals in private car dusts collected from Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang Campus: Contamination and human health risks
Authors: TAY JOO HUI , Zakaria Nurhameeza
Published: December 2021

A pilot study was conducted to investigate the concentrations of seven heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Cr, Cd, Fe, Ni and Pb) in private car dusts collected from Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP), Gambang campus. Ten private cars were selected among UMP staffs and students, and the dust samples were obtained by using a conventional vacuum cleaner with a clean nylon sampling sock pre-inserted into the suction nozzle. All samples were acid-digested with aqua regia solution and analysed for metal concentration using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS). The highest mean concentrations were recorded for Fe (650± 480 mg/kg), followed by Zn (160 ± 110 mg/kg), Cu (76.2 ± 18.5 mg/kg), Pb (39.2 ± 99.1 mg/kg), Ni (6.39 ± 8.30 mg/kg), Cr (3.42 ± 5.90 mg/kg) and Cd (0.55 ± 1.40 mg/kg).  Hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) values lower than 1 indicated no potential non-carcinogenic risks to the adult drivers.
Robust Half-Metallic Character In KMnGe Half-Heusler Compound
Authors: Chibueze Timothy , Ezema Fabian
Published: December 2021

The search for spin injectors and spin sources in spintronic devices is a significant facet of materials research today. Consequently, half-Heusler (HAH) KMnGe alloy has been recommended as one such admissible materials. Herein, a rigorous examination of the structural, magnetic and electronic properties of HAH KMnGe alloy is done using ab initio method within the bolstered up rendition of the functional by Perdew and his group. Our result shows that HAH KmnGe alloy expresses type-1 and type-2 HAH  structural ground state at high and low pressures respectively, which may pose a challenge in application. Impressively, HAH KMnGe alloy exhibits half metallic characteristic with an indirect energy gap in the Γ-X symmetry k-point and direct band gap at X-point in the minority electronic spin states for type-1 and type-2 phase respectively. Our findings agree fundamentally with some previous findings in the literature and suggests that the HAH KMnGe alloy is a credible excellent spin source in future spintronic devices.
Hybrid Carbon/Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer; A Frontier Material for Aerospace Industry : A Review on Mechanical Properties Enhancement
Authors: Ab Ghani Ahmad Fuad
Published: December 2021

Composite is the combination of two or more materials that differ in properties and composition to form unique properties. This paper reported in the literature on the field of deformation of hybrid composite under tensile, shear and flexural loading are presented in this chapter. This article review provides insight and state of the art for mechanics of composites that provides underlying theory for understanding the deformation and behaviour for the hybrid composite under various loading conditions. This paper also discusses mechanical behaviour of hybrid composites under static loading (Tensile, Shear, Flexural). It is essential to understand the principle that governs the mechanics of composites of laminate under loading which also applicable to hybrid composites C/GFRP.The high modulus fibre, such as Carbon fibre offers stiffness and load bearing capabilities, whereas the low modulus fibre, such as glass fibre makes the composite more durable and low in cost
Factors determining connection between teaching deficiencies and students’ learning outcomes
Authors:   Siberian Federal University, Novopashina Larisa Aleksandrovna , Grigorieva Evgenya Gerbovna ,   Siberian Federal University, Kuzina Darya Vladimirovna ,   Astafiev Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University, Cherkasova Julia Alexandrovna ,   Astafiev Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University
Published: December 2021

Introduction. The article addresses the problem of assessing teachers’ professional deficiencies. The purpose of the research is to identify the essential factors determining the connection between teachers’ professional deficiencies and learning outcomes of schoolchildren. Materials and Methods. In order to study the relationship between teachers’ professional deficiencies and schoolchildren’s learning outcomes, the authors have developed a model of teachers’ professional deficiencies and followed a comprehensive research approach. The sample consisted of 3375 teachers who were interviewed. The authors analyzed the results of National Examinations (the Unified State Exams) of higher educational institutions applicants from 50 municipalities of the region. The method of factor analysis revealed a stable system of latent properties of teachers’ professional deficiencies affecting learning outcomes. The materials and methods that formed the basis of this study were obtained with the support of Krasnoyarsk Regional Fund for the Support of Research and Scientific-Technical Activities within the framework of the project “Comprehensive study of professional shortcomings and difficulties of teachers of the Krasnoyarsk Territory”. Results. The research findings consist in the developed system of factors obtained by indirect measurements. The content structure and characteristics of teachers’ professional deficiencies determining teaching effectiveness are revealed. It has been established that the selected groups of factors have a specific representation in each subject area. The results of teaching students in various subjects depend on the specifics of teachers’ professional deficiencies. The identified set of factors in the subject areas of “Mathematics”, “Literature”, “History”, “English” has a complex structure of the selected properties and is more diverse than in “Russian”, “Social Studies” and “Biology”. It is established that the theoretical model of teachers’ professional deficits has its own subject expression. Conclusions. Conclusions are drawn about the stability of the identified system of latent properties of teachers’ professional deficiencies, on which the results of schoolchildren's education depend. The authors emphasize that the established connection between teachers’ professional deficiencies and the results of schoolchildren's education contributes to the development of professional development programs and can become the main work of professional development centers for educators.
Digital school: Searching for Explanatory Models. Part 1
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy and Law of the Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science, Smirnov Sergei Alevtinovich
Published: December 2021

Introduction. The purpose of this study was to analyze L. S. Vygotsky’s cultural-historical psychology from the perspective of distinguishing the structure of the act of development within its framework and understanding its explanatory potential as a whole. This analysis enables to clarify and understand the essence of the digital and virtual shift. Moreover, it is required in order to overcome the limitations associated with the currently dominant behavioral models, which are used by researchers in their attempts to explain and describe the phenomenon of the influence of digital technologies on people, in particular, on schoolchildren and students. Materials and Methods. The paper considers the concept derived from L. S. Vygotsky’s cultural-historical psychology, which is proposed to be adopted as a basic one in order to build an explanatory model used by the author to describe and comprehend the phenomenon of transformation of the human development process in the new reality of the digital environment. Results. The article introduces the basic principles and provisions, the explanatory model is built on, concerning the role of symbolic-instrumental mediation in human development, the role of an adult as a mediator, the structure of the act of thinking and the act of development, the basic mechanism of mastering a person's behavior, which permeates the formation of higher mental functions. The author compares this explanatory model and the behavioral model used in most modern research investigations that examine the impact of digital technologies on schoolchildren and students. Conclusions. The findings show that the student is presented in the behavioral model as a passive reactive being that reacts to external stimuli. In this sense, a human being is not treated as a personality with highest abilities, but is considered as a function. The proposed model cannot be used to explain and comprehend modern development processes.
Specifics of information and communication developments in education: Analysis of value changes before and after 2020 (A critical review)
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, Pushkarev Yury Viktorovich , Pushkareva Elena Aleksandrovna ,   Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University
Published: December 2021

Introduction. The study examines the ambiguous attitude of the scholarly community to the changes occurring in the education system, in general, and to the use of digital technologies within education, in particular. The aim of this study is to reveal the specifics of the educational changes on the basis of a critical review of research investigations, analysis of value factors determining the problems of integration of digital information and communication technologies in education before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods. The research methodology includes the analysis and generalization of international and Russian refereed research literature investigating the problems of information developments of society, virtualization of cognitive processes and the development of education. Results. The research findings indicate the specificity of highly critical attitudes of the scholarly community to the use of digital technologies in education and to the current outcomes of the use of the virtual environment in the educational process. The authors emphasize that, in contrast to the situation of the previous stage, there is a particularly pronounced mediated nature of communication in the virtual space, which, as a consequence, determines the possibility of losing a range of informative elements in the process of communicative exchange. In this regard, the focus of the study is on the issues of formative assessment and feedback in the process of virtual communication in education. The authors clarify and define modern educational changes. They argue that virtualization in modern educational practice is the most important factor influencing, first of all, value orientations of the individual. The content of value orientations is changing as well. Values are being re-estimated; attention is focused on the values of safety and health. In this concern, the main attention is shifted to the following issues: the influence of digital learning on the functional body responses, the safety of educational interaction, individuals’ adaptation to altered conditions, and formation of adaptive developmental mechanisms. Conclusions. In conclusion, the authors summarize the main characteristic features and value factors which determine the problems of integration of digital information and communication technologies in education.
Defining different types of assessment systems and assessment procedures in the context of historical development
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, Varakuta Alena Aleksandrovna , Shelomentsev Pavel Yurievich ,   Innovative University of Eurasia, Andrienko Elena Vasilevna ,   Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University
Published: December 2021

Introduction. The authors investigate a wide range of assessment systems in modern education. They analyze and compare changes in educational assessment procedures, taking into account the periodization of their development and modern requirements and standards. The purpose of the article is to identify and clarify various types of assessment systems and assessment procedures in the context of historical development. Materials and Methods. This theoretical research includes analysis, comparison, and generalization of Russian and international studies on the development of assessment systems based on the concept of the historical and socio-cultural determination of education. The study follows systemic, learner-centered and activity-based approaches in order to present the dynamics of the development of educational assessment as a system comprising interconnected parts and socio-psychological factors. Results. The authors clarified the essence of the dual nature of educational assessment as a didactic and socio-psychological phenomenon. They described the relationship between assessment procedures and the quality of modern education. The study identified the main periods in the development of educational assessment based on the criteria for changing the requirements for the content of education, as well as changes in the assessment system regarding tasks, methods, forms of assessment, point scales and methods of motivation. The authors have developed and justified the historical periodization of educational assessment, which includes eight main stages. The main types of assessment including partial assessment, effective assessment, systemic assessment, standardized assessment, formative assessment, summative assessment, evaluation for management, and rating assessment have been identified and described. Conclusions. The article concludes that modern education implements eight main types of assessment, which have been developed in a historical context. At the same time, standardization of education is considered as the main trend in the formation of assessment systems.
Assessing the sustainability development of an organization
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Medical University, Latuha Olga Alexandrovna
Published: December 2021

Introduction. The article presents a review of scholarly literature and the author's assessment of the potential for sustainable development of a medical organization. The purpose of the article is to describe the author's methodology for assessing the potential for sustainable development, and to evaluate the effectiveness of its application in a medical organization. Materials and Methods. The study used the following research methods: comparative analysis, T.L. Saati, and the author’s methodology for assessing the potential for sustainable development of a medical organization. Results. In the process of analyzing the methodology for self-assessment of the maturity on the way to achieving the sustainable development of the ISO 9004 standard organization, the author revealed a number of problems. They include low sensitivity to individual assessment of processes, the lack of a mathematical expression of the level of development for certain areas of activity, and the absence of an integral indicator sensitive to minimal changes. The author describes in detail process of developing her methodology for assessing the potential for sustainable development of an organization and illustrates the application of this methodology within a medical organization for evaluating sustainable development in statics and dynamics. Conclusions. Finally, conclusions are drawn about the ways of applying the author's assessment methodology by the head of the medical organization.
Authentic media texts in the professional training of students studying international relations
Authors:   Moscow MGIMO University, Merkish Nataliia Evgenjevna
Published: December 2021

Introduction. The article examines the problem of using authentic media texts in the professional foreign language instruction of students studying international relations. The purpose of the article is to identify the main advantages and controversial aspects of using foreign media texts, to propose a step-by-step algorithm for their analysis, as well as recommendations aimed at neutralizing their impact on students. Materials and Methods. For this study, the following methods were used: analysis of scholarly and theoretical literature and authentic teaching materials, survey and questionnaires, analysis of empirical data and their systematization. The empirical study was conducted over two years. The research sample consisted of university students from nine groups (n = 79) studying advanced German as a second foreign language at MGIMO University of the Russian Foreign Ministry. Results. The article summarizes the experience of studying the process of professionally oriented foreign language teaching, built on the basis of authentic media texts. The advantages of their application are revealed: the texts of foreign language media are available, relevant, and diverse in style and genre characteristics. They are considered as a source of cultural and professional-relevant information. Their implementation has a positive effect on the development of all language skills and types of speech, affects the development of verbal and non-verbal speech, and increases motivation. The negative aspects include the following: foreign texts often have an ideological orientation, consequently, they are able to influence the recipient’s opinion, their consciousness and subconsciousness, manipulate ideas about events and phenomena of the surrounding reality. The proposed algorithm for analyzing the media text includes the following stages: evaluating the mass media, analyzing the subject matter of the text, considering the historical period of its writing, identifying the main realities, hypotheses and argumentation of the author, and ideologized structures. The final stages are comparing the source with texts in a foreign or native language, building a personal position, and mastering lexical and grammatical means of expression. Conclusions. As a result of the study, with the aim of using the advantages and leveling the negative impact, recommendations were proposed and an algorithm for analyzing the media text was developed. The implementation of this algorithm allows students to preserve their cultural identity, and prepare for professional communication.
EVALUATION OF STRESS DISTRIBUTIONS OF ZIRCONIA CONNECTING SCREW IN BRUXISM: A FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS
Authors: SİVRİKAYA Efe , GÜLER Mehmet Sami , BEKCİ Muhammed
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the stress distributions of zirconia or titanium connecting screws under different loads (vertical and oblique) in bruxism patients and to indicate its applicability by comparing with physiological stress limit values..
Methods: Four different models were created in which the implants were the same size and design, with dental implant, abutment and connection screws made of zirconia or Ti (only screw). 3D-Finite element analysis (3D-FEA) was applied to study the effect of a vertical load (1000 N) and oblique load (an angle of 30°) on abutments in the models. The placement of implants are mandibular right first molar. Computerized tomography imaging of cadaver mandibles was used. Von Mises stresses of the different screw materials were compared with each other and the physiological stress limit values for zirconia.
Results: Von Mises stress values increased in oblique loading in all models. The von Mises stress values were significantly reduced in the titanium screw than zirconium under both loading simulations.
Conclusion: In patients with a high biting force physiological stress limit values for zirconia were not exceeded. Zircon connection screw may be used in patients with bruxism.
Simulation of structural and electrical parameters of СdS thin films
Authors: Chernikova O.M. , Mateik H.D. , Ogorodnik Y.V.
Published: December 2021

Based on the calculations from the first principles, we obtained the distributions of valence electron densities and electron energy spectra for a CdS film with different oxygen concentrations. According to the results of calculations, it is established that during the adsorption of oxygen atoms on the surface of CdS, oxygen taking electrons from the surface atoms of the CdS film, increases its catalytic activity. The oxygen concentration should not exceed 12.5%.
Die deutsche Grundsicherung auf dem Prüfstand
Authors: Schöb Ronnie
Published: December 2021

Zuviel staatliche Fürsorge untergräbt die Selbsthilfe, zu wenig Fürsorge lässt diejenigen im Stich, die sich selbst nicht helfen können. Dieser Beitrag zeigt, wie die deutsche Grundsicherung mit Hilfe des Prinzips des Förderns und Forderns versucht, dieses Sozialstaatsdilemma abzumildern, beschreibt die Erfolge der Hartz-Reformen und identifiziert bestehende Schwachstellen. Darauf aufbauend stellt er eine neue Grundsicherungsarchitektur vor, die das vorhandene Instrumentarium der Sozialpolitik besser nutzt und aufeinander abstimmt.
Bundesbank-Bilanz im Zeichen der Pandemie
Authors: Beermann Johannes
Published: December 2021

Die Bilanzsumme der Deutschen Bundesbank ist in der Corona-Pandemie erheblich gewachsen. Diese Ausweitung ist Ausdruck der starken geldpolitischen Unterstützung in der Krise und dürfte die Bilanz auf absehbare Zeit maßgeblich beeinflussen. Insofern ist die Bilanz einer Notenbank nicht zuletzt auch Spiegelbild ihrer geldpolitischen Aktivitäten.
Wie wird der Controller zum Digital Controller?
Authors: Keimer Imke , Egle Ulrich
Published: December 2021

Die digitale Transformation stellt neue Anforderungen an die Kompetenzen des Controllers: Der traditionelle Controller entwickelt sich zum Digital Controller. Das Kompetenzprofil weist zwar Überschneidungen mit dem Data Scientist auf, unterscheidet sich aber in wesentlichen Punkten. Um die geforderten Kompetenzen abdecken zu können, empfiehlt sich der Ansatz des T- bzw. M-Shaped Controllers.
A relativistic theory of the field II: Hamilton's principle and Bianchi's identities
Authors: Valenzuela Mississippi
Published: December 2021

As gravitation and electromagnetism are closely analogous long-range interactions, and the current formulation of gravitation is given in terms of geometry. Thence emerges a relativistic theory of the field by generalization of the general relativity. The derivation presented shows how naturally we can extend general relativity theory to a non-symmetric field, and that the field-equations are really the generalizations of the gravitational equations. With curvature tensor and the variational principle, we will deduce the field equations and Bianchi's identities. In consecuense, the field equations will find from Bianchi's identities.
Application of Accu-Chek® Test Strips as inexpensive microelectrodes for BIA research
Authors: Lexequias Cabrera Christian Hugo , Urcia Ramos Bryan Paolo , Peña Adriano , Baltuano Elías Oscar , Patiño Camargo Galo
Published: December 2021

In the midst of an investigation to perform bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), we were faced with the need to search for optimally adjusted electrodes to perform reading in small biological samples. The best option to carry out these readings is the well-known gold microelectrodes; however, these are very expensive for our research purposes. For this reason, we found an alternative using Accu-Chek Performa test strips as reading microelectrodes due to their low cost and ease of disposal. This article contains an in-depth detail of the components of the Accu-Chek Performa test strip and the process that was used so that they could be suitable for taking measurements on biological material. In addition, a measurement scheme is shown in conclusion to the operation of the test strip as a microelectrode and the possible problems to consider if it is to be used for future research.
Generación de precipitaciones y caudales de máximas avenidas para las cuencas del río Biabo
Authors: Carmona Arteaga Abel , Sarango Julca Douglas Donal , García Pérez Mario
Published: December 2021

Este trabajo se enfoca en el cálculo y validación de los parámetros usados para la generación de caudales de máximas avenidas a lo largo de 16 puntos de interés en el cauce principal del río Biabo. Debido a la insuficiente información de mediciones meteorológicas e hidrométricas dentro de la cuenca, se utilizó la información grillada de precipitación diaria de la base de datos PISCO v2.1 del SENAMHI, el modelo de curvas de duración frecuencia del estudio ILLA-SENAMHI-UNI, y el hidrograma unitario de Snyder, y los resultados obtenidos fueron calibrados en base a los registros de caudales máximos de la estación hidrométrica Requena-Biabo. Así, por ejemplo, para la cuenca de la estación Requena-Biabo, la comparación entre los caudales de máximas avenidas generados con los caudales registrados para diferentes tiempos de retorno, el error obtenido fluctúa entre ±5%.
Ecuaciones de Friedmann en las teorías de gravedad modificada f(R)
Authors: Villegas Silva Fulgencio
Published: December 2021

En este trabajo, se presenta la deducción de las ecuaciones de Friedmann en el contexto de las teorías de gravedad modificada f(R); se ha considerado presentarlas en función de la constante k asociada a la curvatura de la hipersuperficie. Para su deducción, se hace previamente una revisión de la formulación lagrangiana de la Relatividad General y de las teorías de gravedad modificada f(R) asi como de la dedución de la ecuación de campo en el entorno de las teorías f(R).
Second Copy of Suma Evangelijų from the First Edition of Knygos Nobažnystės (1653)
Authors: Šinkūnas Mindaugas , Šinkūnas Mindaugas
Published: December 2021

It has long been thought that the only known 1653 copy of the first edition of the Knygos Nobažnystės is preserved in Sweden. The sammelband consists of a hymnal without a separate title page, the postil “Suma Evangelijų”, and the prayer book “Maldos krikščioniškos” with the catechism Katekizmas arba trumpas pamokslas. One part (the postil “Suma Evangelijų”) of the Knygos nobažnystės is preserved in the library of the Emeryk Hutten-Czapski National Museum in Kraków. It has hitherto been classified by bibliographers as a counterfeit edition, but a comparative analysis leaves no doubt that it is the second known copy of the first edition of the Knygos Nobažnystės postil “Suma Evangelijų”.
The Phenomenon of the 18th Century Institutional Printing House of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania: The Case of the Franciscans
Authors: Kažuro Ina
Published: December 2021

Many of the printing houses in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania that operated during the 17th-18th centuries belonged to institutions the biggest part of which consisted of Catholic monk monasteries. Despite belonging to one group, the development path of each printing house and its contribution to book culture has unique features. Of the four institutional prin­ting houses operating in the 18th century in Vilnius, the printing house of the Franciscan Conventuals Monastery was the first to be closed and its operations terminated. The purpose of the article is to identify the following causes behind the issues and eventual closure of this printing house. Based on the expenses and income book of this printing house for the period 1752–1769 (it is preserved at the Department of Manuscripts of Vilnius University Library,) this paper examines various aspects of the Vilnius Franciscan Conventuals monastery printing house: funds, sources of equipment and paper, building location, relations with employees and hired craftsmen, orders, sources of income, profitability. In order to better understand the specificity of the institutional press, an effort was made to establish a link between the research outcome and the wider context by addressing the question of the impact of both the society of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Franciscan Order itself on the destiny of the printing house. In addition, the book of expenses and income reveals new biographical data about Vilnius engraver Franciszek Balcewicz.
Underground Press of Social Democratic Organizations in Šiauliai in 1904–1914
Authors: Petreikis Tomas
Published: December 2021

This article deals with propaganda activities, such as publishing proclamations (20 publications), revolutionary songs (1), and underground periodicals (1), by local organizations of the Bund, LSDDP, LSDP and RSDDP in Šiauliai in 1904–1914. Political changes in Russia in 1904–1907 created favorable conditions for social democratic organizations to actively carry out propaganda activities, but the intensity at which they were carried out was not uniform across Lithuania. The proletarian profile of Šiauliai and the particularly active activity of the LSDP allowed to mobilize propagandists in a short time, to prepare the necessary proclamations on the spot, and to provide the necessary press equipment. During the years of the revolution (1905–1907), Šiauliai had to emerge as the second center of the social democratic movement in Lithuania. After the defeat of the revolution in Russia, due to the increased persecution of social democratic forces, the underground organizations failed to mobilize their press capacity or develop more active propaganda events; therefore, the political parties even had to suspend the activities of local organizations in Šiauliai. The integration of social democratic youth into the social democratic organizations of Šiauliai took place in c. 1912 and gave hope for a stronger revival of propaganda. The resumption of activities ceased in the first years of the First World War. The large-scale underground press developed in underground conditions expressed the expectations of the local population, reflected the involvement of parties in the formation of political views of the urban population, and was a counterweight to official information. Therefore, its assessment is inseparable from the realities of the political context of that time.
The Role of Mediation on Work Practices and Employee Involvement
Authors: Fatimah Nuzulul , Tahir Nauman , Ahmad Muhammad Ali , Batool Amna , Gul Arbab , Fareed Abid
Published: December 2021

Organizations face many challenges regarding employee engagement and employee job satisfaction. To increase the level of employee job satisfaction, HIWP must be implemented in order to have an impact on employee performance satisfaction. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between high-involvement work practices (HIWP) and job satisfaction with the mediating effect of employee engagement; HIWPs consist of four main attributes: (a) power (b) information (c) reward (d) knowledge. This study investigates the relationship between the three variables. Here, convenience sampling was used and data were collected through questionnaires from 185 organizational respondents in the banking sector. Regression analysis was used to test the hypothesis and Andrew F. Hayes model 4 was used to examine the mediating effect. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between the mediating variables and the effect of employee engagement. This study expands on HIWP employment and job satisfaction. The practical implication of this research is to measure the level of job satisfaction of employees by using HIWP can be implemented for managers and employees.
Peran Financial Distress Sebagai Variabel Mediasi antara Good Corporate Governance dan Kinerja Keuangan, Terhadap Manajemen Laba Pada Bank Umum Syariah Periode 2013-2019
Authors: Fitriza Syadzwina Ramadhana , Lidyah Rika , Ramayanti Tariza Putri , Hartini Titin , Mismiwati Mismiwati
Published: December 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of good corporate governance and financial performance on earnings management with financial distress as an intervening variable in Islamic Commercial Banks in Indonesia. This type of research is descriptive research with quantitative approach. The results showed that good corporate governance has no effect on earnings management. Financial performance and financial distress have a negative and significant effect on earnings management. Good corporate governance has a negative effect on financial distress. Financial performance has no effect on financial distress. Then, based on the result of path analysis through the causal step method, financial distress mediates the effect of good corporate governance on earnings management, while financial distress does not mediate the effect of financial performance on earnings management.
Pain management in the emergency department: a clinical review
Authors: Motov Sergey M. , Vlasica Katherine , Middlebrook Igor , LaPietra Alexis
Published: December 2021

Pain is one of the most common reasons for patients to visit the emergency department. The ever-growing research on emergency department analgesia has challenged the current practices with respect to the optimal analgesic regimen for acute musculoskeletal pain, safe and judicious opioid prescribing, appropriate utilization of non-opioid therapeutics, and non-pharmacological treatment modalities. This clinical review is set to provide evidence-based answers to these challenging questions.
E-prescription in Poland - a preliminary report
Authors: GRABOWSKA BARBARA , SEŃ MARIOLA , KLISOWSKA IWONA
Published: December 2021

Aim. Aim of the paper: to introduce the subject of e-prescription in Poland. E-prescription is a digital version of the previously used standard paper prescription. In Poland,professional arrangements were made, thanks to which it became possible to promotee-prescriptions in pharmacies and doctors’ surgeries throughout the country.Methods. The authors analyse how e-prescription is introduced in Poland. We appliedcomparative analysis (of eprescining in the European Union countries) , literature review(what are legal and technical constraints) and case study (how it was introduced in Poland).We showed the implementation of the e-Health (P1) system in Poland and describedthe use of the free application of the Ministry of Health. We presented preparations for theimplementation of digital health services by the Center for Health Information Systems(CSIOZ).Results and conclusion. For years in Poland, handwritten prescriptions used to be thepreferred method of communication for doctors when making decisions about therapywith medications and for pharmacists to distribute them. Nonetheless, over the last decade,interest in the subject of e-prescription, alongside other e-health solutions for processinghealth-related data, has increased. E-prescription is fi lled on the basis of a four-digit code,which we receive by text message sent to a given phone number or by email to an indicatedaddress. Alternatively, there is a possibility to obtain an information printout, dependingon the confi guration of our Patient Account. An important change introduced is that wedo not have to physically carry the printed prescription with us anymore. E-prescriptionprovides benefi ts for doctors, patients and pharmacists, such as: convenience, time saving,greater safety of the therapy, less risk of error, less bureaucracy. The main objectives of thee-prescribing system involve facilitation of the process of prescriptions delivery, reductionof errors, time optimisation for doctors and pharmacists and eliminating the problem ofillegible and fake prescriptions, which have so far been a common occurrence.Cognitive value. This article shows the process of introducing E-prescription in Poland.
The voices and actions of child activists against the climate crisis
Authors: ORRICO SERRÃO BIANCA , JACINTO SARMENTO MANUEL , PRATES SANTANA JULIANA
Published: December 2021

Aim. The work has as main objective to present some of the actions of children considered activists to face the climate crisis through social media. Technologies and social mediaallow them a new form of existence and action through their posts, whether is in video,photo or text format, promoting interactions and discussions that captivate hundreds orthousands of followers.Methods. Data collection was carried out from a digital ethnography, analysing thesocial media and linked news in the media of 13 children from different countries (Australia,United States, India, Holland, England, Indonesia, South Africa, Uganda and Sweden) overan 18-month period.Results. To understand the data, digital ethnography was used as a strategy to followthe main interactions and online mobilisations through different social media (Facebook,Instagram and Twitter), as well as linked news in the media about those children, andarticulation of them with governmental, non-governmental organizations and private companies. In relation to the selection of participants, the profi le of a child activist was addedand through the algorithms of these platforms other activists with similar profi les werefound that promote content about climate justice.Conclusions. It was possible to identify that the Internet has enabled the visibility andarticulation of children’s actions on the theme, and how this engagement has promotedawareness and changes to fi ght against the climate crisis. It is worth emphasising theimportance of digital literacy so that access to these spaces is carried out safely and responsibly for this social group.
How to plug out of the networks in jeopardy of ASF, Covid-19, social media or markets toxicity
Authors: BUDA ANDRZEJ , KUŹMICZ KATARZYNA
Published: December 2021

Aim: In our research, we examine universal properties of the global network whose structure represents a real-world network that might be later extended to social media, commodity market or countries under the infl uence of diseases like Covid-19 or ASF.Methods: We propose quasi-epidemiological agent-based model of virus spread on a network. Firstly, we consider countries represented by subnetworks that have a scale-free structure achieved by the preferential attachment construction with a node hierarchy and binary edges. The global network of countries is a complete, directed, weighted network of thesesubnetworks connected by their capitals and divided into cultural and geographical proximity. Viruses with a defi ned strength or aggressiveness occur independently at one of the nodes of a selected subnetwork and correspond to a piece of products or messages or diseases.Results and conclusion: We analyse dynamics set by varying parameter values and observe a variety of phenomena including local and global pandemics and the existence of an epidemic threshold in the subnetworks. These phenomena have been also shown fromindividual users points of view because the node removal from the network might have impact on its nearest neighbours differently. The selective participation in global network is proposed here to avoid side effects when the global network has been fully connected and no longer divided into clusters.
Geographic Variation in Health Insurance Coverage: United States, 2020
Authors: Terlizzi Emily , Cohen Robin
Published: December 2021

This report presents state, regional, and national estimates of the percentage of people who were uninsured, had private health insurance coverage, and had public health insurance coverage at the time of the interview.
Fetal mortality in the United States : trends from 2014 through 2019 and changes between 2018–2019 and 2019–2020
Authors: Gregory Elizabeth , Valenzuela Claudia , Martin Joyce
Published: December 2021

This report describes trends from 2014 through 2019 and changes between 2019 and 2020 for total, early, and late fetal mortality in the United States. Changes in fetal mortality from 2019 to 2020 by maternal race and Hispanic origin and by state are also described and compared with changes occurring from 2018 to 2019. Methods—Data are based on reports of fetal death filed in the 50 states and the District of Columbia (D.C.) and collected via the National Vital Statistics System. In this report, only fetal deaths reported at 20 weeks of gestation or more are included. Data from 2014 through 2019 are final and data for 2020 are provisional. Results—The fetal mortality rate declined 5% from 2014 to 2019 and increased nonsignificantly, by less than 1%, from 2019 to 2020. Similar trends and patterns were seen for early and late fetal mortality rates. From 2019 to 2020, fetal mortality rates for the three largest race and Hispanic-origin groups did not change significantly. Fetal mortality rates increased in 1 state, decreased in 2 states, and were not significantly different for 47 states and D.C. from 2019 to 2020. In comparison, from 2018 to 2019, fetal mortality rates declined for non-Hispanic White (4%) and Hispanic (5%) women but were not significantly different for non-Hispanic Black women. From 2018 to 2019, fetal mortality rates increased in 2 states and declined in 5 states.
Suggested citation Gregory ECW, Valenzuela CP, Martin JA. Fetal mortality in the United States: Trends from 2014 through 2019 and changes between 2018–2019 and 2019–2020. Vital Statistics Rapid Release; no 18. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. 2022. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.15620/cdc:113008.
Szacunek wobec uchodźcy z Bliskiego Wschodu w mediach społecznościowych
Authors: Szajny Maria
Published: December 2021

Szacunek wobec uchodźcy z Bliskiego Wschodu w mediach społecznościowych. Dla organizacji humanitarnych Facebook stanowi jeden z najważniejszych społecznościowych kanałów komunikacji z odbiorcami i darczyńcami, dlatego to właśnie na tym komunikatorze została skupiona uwaga, z pominięciem Instagrama, Twittera oraz innych mediów wykorzystywanych do promocji organizacji. W artykule poruszono problematykę przedstawiania uchodźcy na Facebooku organizacji pozarządowych. Sposób, w jaki kreuje się wizerunek uchodźcy, ma wpływ na kształtowanie opinii publicznej w mediach społecznościowych. Pytanie wiodące w niniejszej pracy brzmi: czy organizacje rzetelnie przedstawiają wizerunek azylatna? W opracowaniu zostały omówione dobre praktyki służące prezentacji wizerunku uchodźcy oraz zagrożenia wynikające z niezgodnego z prawdą przedstawiania tego wizerunku. Poruszono zagadnienia związane z odpowiedzialną rolą organizacji pozarządowych w kreowaniu wizerunku uchodźcy z Bliskiego Wschodu. W artykule wykorzystano literaturę przedmiotu, analizę zawartości, analizę postów NGO metodą ilościową.
Greater occipital nerve blockade using ultrasound guidance for the headache of spontaneous intracranial hypotension - A case report -
Authors: Hong Ji Hee , Lee Ho Woo , Lee Yong Ho
Published: December 2021

BackgroundSpontaneous intracranial hypotension occurs due to cerebrospinal fluid leakage from the spinal column, and orthostatic headache is the most common clinical presentation. Recent studies showed that bilateral greater occipital nerve blockade demonstrated clinical efficacy in relieving post-dural puncture headache after caesarean section. CaseA 40-year-old male who presented severe orthostatic headache was consulted to our pain clinic from neurology department. He initially felt a dull nature pain over the whole occipital area which then spread over the frontal and parietal areas. His headache was combined with nausea and vomiting. An epidural blood patch was delayed until final cisternography, and bilateral greater occipital nerve blockade using ultrasound guidance was performed instead. After the blockade, the previously existing headache around the occipital and parietal areas disappeared completely, but mild headache persisted around the frontal area.ConclusionsGreater occipital nerve blockade could be a good therapeutic alternative to improve headache resulting from spontaneous intracranial hypotension.