bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aminoglycosides Suppress the Protein Folding Activity of the Molecular Chaperone HSC70: Implication of a Structure-Activity Relationship
Authors: Yamamoto Soh , Wakui Hideki , Kubota Hiroshi , Komatsuda Atsushi , Itoh Hideaki , Yokota Shin-ichi
Published: October 2014

Background: The mechanism of aminoglycoside (AG)-induced nephrotoxicity has not been fully elucidated. We previously reported that gentamicin suppresses the functions of HSC70, a heat shock cognate protein, which is a cytosolic molecular chaperone in mammalian cells. However, the relationship between HSC70 dysfunction and nephrotoxicity has not been clarified yet. Methods: The effects of 11 AGs, including gentamicin, on the function, protein refolding and substrate binding of HSC70 were examined in vitro. The protein refolding activity of HSC70 was examined by enzymatic activity restoration of the denatured firefly luciferase. Substrate binding activity of HSC70 was examined by the binding of fluorescent-dye-labeled reduced carboxymethlylated α-lactalbumin determined by HSC70/substrate complex formation by native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Results: Strong inhibitory activity of AGs on the protein refolding activity of HSC70 was observed for arbekacin, gentamicin, neomycin and sisomicin, but not spectinomycin, streptomycin, ribostamycin and paromomycin, and inhibition was weak for tobramycin, amikacin and kanamycin. Neomycin strongly suppressed the formation of the HSC70/substrate complex and had the lowest concentration that resulted in 50% inhibition (IC50; in the order of 10-4M). Arbekacin, gentamicin, sisomicin and tobramycin had IC50 values in the order of 10-3M. Amikacin, ribostamycin and paromomycin had no effective potencies. Conclusions: The inhibition efficacies of AGs for protein refolding of HSC70 were as follows: neomycin >> gentamicin, arbekacin, and sisomicin > tobramycin, amikacin and kanamycin > spectinomycin, streptomycin, ribostamycin and paromomycin. Amino groups and/or hydroxyl groups located at 2′, 3′, 4′, and 6′ of amino sugar residue II, as well as the number of amino sugar rings were closely associated with the inhibition efficacies of AGs. Inhibition efficacies of AGs towards the function of HSC70 correlated well with the nephrotoxicity of AGs deduced from the in vivo studies previously reported. Amino groups/hydroxyl groups and the number of amino sugar rings of AGs were shown to be important for inhibition efficacies. The results strongly suggest that the AG-induced dysfunction of HSC70 is involved in the nephrotoxicity.
Treatment of Chronic Pain: Diffusion Tensor Imaging Identification of the Ventroposterolateral Nucleus Confirmed with Successful Deep Brain Stimulation
Authors: Kovanlikaya Ilhami , Heier Linda , Kaplitt Michael
Published: October 2014

Background/Aims: A variety of pain syndromes have been treated successfully with deep brain stimulation (DBS) by targeting the thalamic ventroposterolateral (VPL) nucleus. The purpose of this study was to preoperatively identify the thalamic VPL nucleus by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) fiber tractography (FT) and confirm it intraoperatively. Methods and Results: FT was performed to identify the thalamic VPL nucleus in 6 healthy volunteers and a patient with intractable chronic pain. The patient had preoperative DTI followed by DBS with the electrode placed by conventional stereotactic methods. Postoperative CT images of the DBS electrode tip were fused with the preoperative DTI and the electrode was noted to be in the position of the VPL nucleus predicted preoperatively by FT. The electrode was then used as a seed region of interest (ROI) to confirm FT back to the somatosensory cortex. Clinical confirmation was also achieved with the patient's pain relief. In all volunteers, VPL nuclei were identified in similar locations in both thalami, although slight inter- and intrasubject differences were observed. Conclusion: DTI has the potential to identify the thalamic nuclei in individuals, which would be more accurate than anatomical localization and likely identical to intraoperative physiological testing. Postoperative DBS electrode placement and the affected cortical areas can be confirmed with coregistration of CT and FT using the electrode as a seed ROI.
Extraperitoneal and Transperitoneal Laparoscopic Partial Cystectomy for Benign Non-Urothelial Bladder Tumors: An Initial Experience
Authors: Lei Ye , Tong Shiyu , Zu Xiongbing , Li Yuan , He Wei , Hu Xiheng , Liu Wentao , Wang Zhi , Qi Lin , Chen Minfeng
Published: October 2014

Objective: This study presents our initial experience with extraperitoneal and transperitoneal laparoscopic partial cystectomy (LPC) in the treatment of benign non-urothelial bladder tumors. Methods: Eleven patients with benign non-urothelial bladder tumors underwent extraperitoneal or transperitoneal LPC. The five cases with tumors located on the anterior/anterolateral bladder wall received the extraperitoneal approach. The six cases with tumors located around the bladder dome or over the posterior bladder wall received the transperitoneal approach. Key perioperative parameters were recorded. Results: All patients underwent laparoscopic resection smoothly without requiring a conversion to a traditional open procedure, and no patient displayed perioperative complications. Pathology showed benign non-urothelial bladder tumors with normal margins in all eleven patients, including five leiomyoma cases, three pheochromocytoma cases, two paraganglioma cases and one inflammatory fibrous histiocytoma case. Follow-up cystoscopy and imaging studies in all eleven patients (mean follow-up period 32 months) revealed neither residual nor local recurrence. Conclusions: LPC is safe and feasible in select patients with benign non-urothelial bladder tumors and yields satisfactory oncological and functional results. Extraperitoneal LPC should be preferred for lesions located on the anterior/anterolateral bladder wall, while transperitoneal LPC should be preferred for lesions around the bladder dome or over the posterior bladder wall.
Comparative Functional MRI Study to Assess Brain Activation Upon Active and Passive Finger Movements in Patients with Cerebral Infarction
Authors: Fu Yue , Zhang Quan , Zhang Jing , Zhang Yun Ting
Published: October 2014

Purpose: To compare the effects of active and passive movements on brain activation in patients with cerebral infarction using fMRI. Methods: Twenty-four hemiplegic patients with cerebral infarction were evaluated using fMRI. All patients performed active and passive finger opposition movements. Patients were instructed to perform the finger opposition movement for the active movement task. For the passive movement task, the subject's fingers were moved by the examiner to perform the finger opposition movement. Statistical parametric mapping software was used for statistical analyses and to process all data. Results: In the affected hemisphere, sensorimotor cortex (SMC) activation intensity and range were significantly stronger during the passive movement of the affected fingers compared to the active movement of the affected fingers (p < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences between active and passive movements of unaffected fingers in SMC activation intensity and range in the unaffected hemisphere (p > 0.05). In addition, the passive movement activated many other regions of the brain. The brain regions activated by passive movements of the affected fingers tended to center toward the contralateral SMC. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that passive movements induce cortical reorganization in patients with cerebral infarction. Therefore, passive movement is likely beneficial for motor function recovery in patients with cerebral infarction. i 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel
Prenatal Imaging of Occipital Encephaloceles
Authors: Kasprian Gregor J. , Paldino Michael J. , Mehollin-Ray Amy R. , Shetty Anil , Williams Jennifer L. , Lee Wesley , Cassady Chris I.
Published: October 2014

Introduction: This retrospective study aims to describe systematically the fetal cerebral MR morphology in cases with occipital meningoencephaloceles using standard and advanced fetal MRI techniques. Material and Methods: The 1.5-tesla MR examinations (T1- and T2-weighted imaging, echo planar imaging, EPI, diffusion-weighted imaging, DWI) of 14 fetuses with occipital/parietal meningoencephaloceles were retrospectively analyzed for the classification of anatomic characteristics. A diffusion tensor sequence was performed in 5 cases. Results: In 9/14 cases the occipital lobes were entirely or partially included in the encephalocele sac. Typical features of Chiari III malformation were seen in 6/14 cases. The displaced brain appeared grossly disorganized in 6/14. The brainstem displayed abnormal ‘kinking'/rotation (3/14), a z-shape (1/14) and/or a molar tooth-like configuration of the midbrain (3/14). Tractography revealed the presence and position of sensorimotor tracts in 5/5 and the corpus callosum in 3/5. DWI was helpful in the identification of a displaced brain (in 8/9). EPI visualized the anatomy of draining cerebral veins in 7/9 cases. Clinical (9/14) and MRI (7/14) follow-up data are presented. Discussion: Encephaloceles show a wide range of morphological heterogeneity. Fetal MRI serves as an accurate tool in the visualization of brainstem, white matter pathway and cerebral venous involvement and facilitates the detection of specific underlying syndromes such as ciliopathies.
Diffusion-Weighted Lesions in Stroke Patients with Transient Symptoms - Where Are They Located?
Authors: Kvistad Christopher Elnan , Logallo Nicola , Thomassen Lars , Moen Gunnar , Waje-Andreassen Ulrike , Naess Halvor
Published: October 2014

Background: MR diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) has revolutionized neuroimaging and contributed to a tissue-based redefinition of transient ischemic attack (TIA). Stroke patients with DWI lesions may have neurological symptoms that resolve completely within 24 h, suggesting successful vessel recanalization. Prior studies of stroke patients with transient symptoms have not found any predilection for DWI lesions in any specific territory. Other studies have, however, reported an association between higher brain dysfunction and presence of DWI lesions in patients with transient ischemic symptoms, suggesting a high rate of cortical affection in these patients. We sought to see whether DWI location in stroke patients with transient symptoms <24 h differed from those with persistent symptoms ≥24 h. We hypothesized an association between transient symptoms <24 h and cortical DWI lesion localization due to a possible higher rate of vessel recanalization in patients with transient symptoms causing distal cortical infarctions. Methods: Ischemic stroke patients examined with DWI and admitted within 24 h after symptom onset between February 2006 and November 2013 were prospectively registered in a database (The Bergen NORSTROKE Registry). Based on neurological examination 24 h after admission, patients were classified as having either transient symptoms <24 h (DWI <24) or persistent symptoms ≥24 h (DWI ≥24). DWI lesions were classified into different groups depending on lesion location: cortical lesions, confined to the supratentorial cortex; large subcortical lesions, located in the hemispheric white matter, basal ganglia, internal capsule, thalamus or corona radiate with a diameter ≥15 mm; lacunar lesions, located in the same territory as large subcortical lesions with a diameter <15 mm; mixed cortical-subcortical lesions, located in both supratentorial cortex and subcortex; cerebellar lesions, confined to the cerebellum; brain stem lesions, confined to the brain stem; multiple locations, located in more than one of the above defined areas. Results: A total of 142 ischemic stroke patients had DWI <24 and 830 DWI ≥24. Cortical DWI location was more frequent in patients with DWI <24 (54.2% vs. 29.5%, p < 0.001), while proportions of mixed cortical-subcortical lesions (13.4% vs. 26.5%, p = 0.001) and lesions with multiple locations (5.6% vs. 11.1%, p = 0.048) were less frequent as compared to DWI ≥24. Cortical DWI location was independently associated with DWI <24 when adjusted for confounders in multiple regression analyses (OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.28-2.81, p = 0.001). Conclusion: Cortical DWI location was independently associated with transient stroke symptoms <24 h. This may be explained by vessel recanalization, resulting in upstream transportation of remaining particles and distal cortical lesions.
The Description of the Litigious Querulant: Heinrich von Kleist's Novella Michael Kohlhaas
Authors: Gerevich József , Ungvari Gabor S.
Published: October 2014

Objective: To illustrate the use of fiction in understanding psychiatric disorders and refocus attention towards fiction as a valuable source of psychopathology, thereby contributing to the restoration of the narrative in psychiatry. Method: A psychopathological analysis of the novella Michael Kohlhaas written by Heinrich von Kleist, one of the outstanding literary figures of the German romantic movement of the early 19th century. Results: The protagonist of Kleist's novella, Michael Kohlhaas, a querulant horse trader, carries out an armed uprising disproportionate to the minor injustice of the unlawful seizure of his horses. Following unsuccessful attempts at legal recourse, Kohlhaas takes up arms against the authorities, and in the course of his uncompromising pursuit of justice eventually sacrifices his own and his family's lives. Kleist accurately portrays Kohlhaas' psychopathological development from a psychologically balanced, emotionally warm family man to one who causes utter destruction, mayhem and the loss of innocent lives. This literary work is a remarkably authentic, insightful and rich representation of litigious/querulant behaviour, described by classical authors as litigious paranoia, a diagnostic category currently subsumed under ‘delusional disorder, persecutory type', in DSM-5 and ‘persistent delusional disorder' in ICD-10. Conclusions: Kleist's novella offers important clues to better understand the development of litigious-querulant behaviour and the inner world of its sufferers. An analysis of the novella also illustrates the contribution that fiction could make to resuscitate the narrative as a complement to criterion-based diagnostic practice prevailing in contemporary psychiatry.
Safety and Efficacy of Rasagiline in Addition to Levodopa for the Treatment of Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease: A Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials
Authors: Cai Jiang-Ping , Chen Wan-Jin , Lin Yu , Cai Bin , Wang Ning
Published: October 2014

Background: To assess the safety and efficacy of rasagiline for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) among individuals currently receiving levodopa. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted to identify randomised controlled trials (RCT) comparing rasagiline with placebo/no treatment in individuals with PD currently receiving levodopa. Outcome measures included improvement in motor functions; symptomatic improvement; improvement in quality of life; adverse effects. Random-effect meta-analytical techniques were conducted for the outcome measure and subgroup analyses. Results: Three RCTs were included (n = 1002). The results showed significantly greater improvements in daily ‘on' time without dyskinesia in levodopa-treated participants with idiopathic PD receiving 1 mg/day rasagiline compared to placebo (n = 712, 2 RCTs, MD 0.80, CI 0.45 to 1.15; p < 0.00001), and significantly greater improvements in Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale motor performance scores during ‘on' time in participants receiving 0.5-1 mg/day rasagiline (0.5 mg/day: n = 282, MD -2.91, CI -4.59 to -1.23; p = 0.0007; 1 mg/day: n = 712, 2 RCTs, MD -2.91, CI -4.02 to -1.80; p < 0.00001). There were no significant differences in adverse effects. Conclusion: 0.5 to 1 mg/day rasagiline in addition to levodopa is a safe and well-tolerated combination therapy for individuals with Parkinson's disease.
The Role of Extracellular Matrix Quality in Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Kristensen Jacob Hull , Karsdal Morten Asser , Genovese Federica , Johnson Simon , Svensson Birte , Jacobsen Susanne , Hägglund Per , Leeming Diana Julie
Published: October 2014

This review discusses the role of extracellular matrix (ECM) quality in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis (PF). In PF, the highly ordered structure of collagens and elastin within the ECM of the lung is severely disrupted and lacks its original tissue quality. Discussions about the ECM have focused on the role of protein quantity in relation to the progression of PF, while the importance of lung ECM quality, defined by the levels of ECM protein modifications and by the protein distribution in lung tissue, has not been properly addressed. The quality and function of proteins may be altered by different post-translational modifications (PTMs), such as cross-linking, proteolytic cleavage, citrullination, misfolding and glycosylation. This paper is the first to review key data from the literature related to the lung ECM at the molecular level, relate these to changes observed at a macroscopic level and evaluate which PTMs most likely contribute to PF. This paper also reviews the role of novel neo-epitope-specific biomarkers in the early diagnosis and prognosis of fibrotic disorders. We discuss and argue that the altered quality of the individual ECM proteins contributes to the progression of PF and may also lead to the increased quantity of lung proteins. Thus, both quantity and quality appear to be of utmost importance.
Vascular Risk as a Predictor of Cognitive Decline in a Cohort of Elderly Patients with Mild to Moderate Dementia
Authors: Curiati Pedro K. , Magaldi Regina M. , Suemoto Claudia K. , Bottino Cassio M.C. , Nitrini Ricardo , Farfel José Marcelo , Jacob-Filho Wilson
Published: October 2014

Background/Aims: The purpose of our study was to evaluate vascular risk factors and other clinical variables as predictors of cognitive and functional decline in elderly patients with mild to moderate dementia. Methods: The clinical characteristics of 82 elderly patients (mean age 79.0 ± 5.9 years; 67.1% females) with mild to moderate dementia were obtained at baseline, including years of education, Framingham Coronary Heart Disease Risk score, Hachinski Ischemic Score (HIS), Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score, Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ) score, Burden Interview Scale score, and Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) score. Changes in MMSE and FAQ scores over time were assessed annually. The association between baseline clinical variables and cognitive and functional decline was investigated during 3 years of follow-up through the use of generalized linear mixed effects models. Results: A trend was found towards steeper cognitive decline in patients with less vascular burden according to the HIS (β = 0.056, p = 0.09), better cognitive performance according to the CDR score (β = 0.313, p = 0.06) and worse caregiver burden according to the Burden Interview Scale score (β = -0.012, p = 0.07) at baseline. Conclusion: Further studies with larger samples are necessary to confirm and expand our findings.
On-Road Driving Impairments and Associated Cognitive Deficits After Stroke
Authors: Devos Hannes , Tant Mark , Akinwuntan Abiodun E.
Published: October 2014

Background: Little is known about the critical on-road driving skills that get affected after a stroke. The purpose of this study was to investigate the key on-road driving impairments and their associated cognitive deficits after a stroke. A second aim was to investigate if lateralization of stroke impacts results of the cognitive and on-road driving tests. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 99 participants with a first-ever stroke who were actively driving prior to stroke underwent a cognitive battery and a standardized road test that evaluated 13 specific on-road driving skills. These on-road driving skills were mapped onto an existing, theoretical framework that categorized the on-road items into hierarchic clusters of operational, tactical, visuo-integrative, and mixed driving skills. The total score on the road test and the on-road decision, made by a certified fitness-to-drive expert, decided the main outcome. The critical on-road driving skills predicting the on-road decision were identified using logistic regression analysis. Linear regression analysis was employed to determine the cognitive impairments leading to poor total on-road scores. Analyses were repeated for right- and left-sided strokes. Results: In all, 37 persons scored poorly on the road test. These participants performed worse in all hierarchic clusters of on-road driving. Performances on the operational cluster and the visuo-integrative cluster best predicted on-road decisions (R2 = 0.60). ‘Lane changing' and ‘understanding, insight, and quality of traffic participation' were the critical skill deficits leading to poor performance on the road test (R2 = 0.65). Divided attention was the main determinant of on-road scores in the total group (R2 = 0.06). Participants with right-sided stroke performed worse on visual field, visual neglect, visual scanning, visuo-constructive skills, and divided attention compared with those with left-sided stroke. Divided attention was the main determinant of total on-road scores in the right-sided stroke group (R2 = 0.10). A combination of visual scanning, speed of processing, and executive dysfunction yielded the best model to predict on-road scores in left-sided strokes (R2 = 0.46). Conclusions: Poor performance in the road test after stroke is determined by critical operational and visuo-integrative driving impairments. Specific and different driving evaluation and training programs are needed for right- and left-sided strokes.
Bucillamine-Induced Membranous Nephropathy with Crescent Formation in a Patient with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Manabe Shun , Banno Mayuko , Nakano Marie , Fujii Teruhiro , Fujiwara Michio , Kita Yasuhiko , Nitta Kosaku , Hatano Michiyasu
Published: October 2014

Bucillamine is a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug that is structurally similar to D-penicillamine. The major renal side effect of bucillamine and D-penicillamine is proteinuria caused by membranous nephropathy (MN). In addition to MN, combined crescent formation has been occasionally reported in D-penicillamine-induced MN, while crescent formation has been rarely reported in bucillamine-treated cases. Here, we describe a 76-year-old female who presented with nephrotic syndrome and rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. She was receiving bucillamine as initial treatment for recently diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis, and renal biopsy showed MN with crescent formation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of bucillamine-induced MN with crescent formation in the English literature.
Catabolic Signaling and Muscle Wasting After Acute Ischemic Stroke in Mice
Authors: Springer Jochen , Schust Susanne , Peske Katrin , Tschirner Anika , Rex Andre , Engel Odilo , Scherbakov Nadja , Meisel Andreas , von Haehling Stephan , Boschmann Michael , Anker Stefan D. , Dirnagl Ulrich , Doehner Wolfram
Published: October 2014

Background and Purpose—

Muscle wasting is a common complication accompanying stroke. Although it is known to impair poststroke recovery, the mechanisms of subacute catabolism after stroke have not been investigated in detail. The aim of this study is to investigate mechanisms of local and systemic catabolism and muscle wasting (sarcopenia) in a model of ischemic stroke systematically.

Methods—

Changes in body composition and catabolic activation in muscle tissue were studied in a mouse model of acute cerebral ischemia (temporal occlusion of the middle cerebral artery). Tissue wasting (nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy), tissue catabolism (caspases-3 and -6, myostatin), and proteasome activity were assessed. Food intake, activity levels, and energy expenditure were assessed, and putative mechanisms of postischemic wasting were tested with appropriate interventions.

Results—

Severe weight loss in stroke animals (day 3: weight loss, –21.7%) encompassed wasting of muscle (–12%; skeletal and myocardium) and fat tissue (–27%). Catabolic signaling and proteasome activity were higher in stroke animals in the contralateral and in the ipsilateral leg. Cerebral infarct severity correlated with catabolic activity only in the contralateral leg but not in the ipsilateral leg. Lower energy expenditure in stroke animals together with normal food intake and activity levels suggests compensatory mechanisms to regain weight. Interventions (high caloric feeding, β-receptor blockade, and antibiotic treatment) failed to prevent proteolytic activation and muscle wasting.

Conclusions—

Catabolic pathways of muscle tissue are activated after stroke. Impaired feeding, sympathetic overactivation, or infection cannot fully explain this catabolic activation. Wasting of the target muscle of the disrupted innervation correlated to severity of brain injury. Our data indicate the presence of a stroke-specific sarcopenia.
Devibursaphelenchus kheirii sp. n. (Nematoda: Ektaphelenchinae) from Iran with remarks on Devibursaphelenchus Kakuliya, 1967
Authors: Aliramaji Farzad , Pourjam Ebrahim , Atighi Mohammad Reza , Karegar Akbar , Pedram Majid
Published: October 2014

Devibursaphelenchus kheirii sp. n. is described and illustrated based on morphological, morphometric and molecular data. The new species is characterised by females with 370-472 μm body length, lip region separated from the body by a shallow constriction, three lines in lateral field, stylet short, 13.5-15.0 μm long, lacking basal knobs or swellings, excretory pore posterior to metacorpus, vulval flap absent, post-uterine sac short, without sperm, rectum and anus obscure, posterior end of the body elongate-conoid with finely rounded terminus. Males of the new species are characterised by their tail ventrally curved after fixation, having two pairs of caudal papillae, spicules 9-11 μm long with an elongated condylus, with rounded tip, pointed rostrum, lacking cucullus and having small conical terminal bursa. The new species comes close to D. hunanensis, D. lini and D. wangi. Beside morphological comparisons, the molecular phylogenetic analyses based on 778 bp of partial sequences of 28S rDNA D2-D3 were performed using two Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum likelihood (ML) methods and revealed that D. kheirii sp. n. formed a clade with the remaining species of the genus and one species of Ektaphelenchoides. This is the first report on occurrence of the genus Devibursaphelenchus in Iran. Devibursaphelenchus eproctatus syn. n. is proposed as a junior synonym of D. hunanensis.
Od melancholii do rozpaczy. O prozie Andrzeja Stasiuka
Authors: Snochowska-Gonzalez Claudia
Published: October 2014

From melancholy to despair. About Andrzej Stasiuk’s prose worksIn Moja Europa, Jadąc do Babadag and Fado Andrzej Stasiuk describes his travelling to the countries of the East-Central Europe: its diminished, forgotten part, lying on the margins of History and Progress. It is a land of melancholy, of the eternal emptiness and lack. To praise it means to give an ironic response to the enthusiasm of a “return to the West”, to the attempts to meet East-European stigma and to the West’s fear of East-European ferocity. What is the source of this melancholy? Stasiuk refers to Cioran, his philosophy of history, his resignation and his belief in the bankruptcy of the European civilization. We know, however, that in the case of Cioran melancholy covers the memory of philosopher’s commitment to Romanian fascism; his subsequent melancholy replaces responsibility. What are the wounds and silenced victims hiding in Stasiuk’s melancholic landscape? What kind of responsibility does he not want to accept? In his next book, Dziennik pisany później, Stasiuk comes back to the same countries, this time not trying to escape the hell of questions about the East-European ethnic carnage. The author of the article analyses his turning point, using the terminology developed in Peter Hallward’s Absolutely Post-colonial to describe the dynamics between two tendencies: singular and specific. Od melancholii do rozpaczy. O prozie Andrzeja StasiukaW Mojej Europie, Jadąc do Babadag i Fado Andrzej Stasiuk podróżuje po krajach Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej. To Europa pomniejsza, zapomniana, na marginesie Historii i Postępu. Jest to kraina melancholii, pustki i wiecznego braku. Opiewanie jej staje się ironiczną odpowiedzią na entuzjazm „powrotu do Zachodu”, na próby sprostania wschodnioeuropejskiemu piętnu i na zachodnie przerażenie wschodnioeuropejską dzikością. Skąd się jednak bierze spowijająca ją melancholia? Stasiuk powołuje się na Ciorana, na jego filozofię historii, rezygnację i przekonanie o bankructwie cywilizacji europejskiej. Wiemy jednak, że w przypadku Ciorana melancholia przykrywa pamięć o przemilczanym romansie filozofa z faszyzmem, który miał się stać radykalnym wyrwaniem się ku nowemu światu i nowej historii. Jakie rany i przemilczane ofiary kryją się w melancholijnym krajobrazie u Stasiuka? Jakiej odpowiedzialności nie chce przyjąć? W kolejnej książce, Dzienniku pisanym później, Stasiuk wraca w te same miejsca, by tym razem nie umknąć przed pytaniami o wschodnioeuropejskie piekło etnicznej jatki. Autorka przedstawia ten zwrot, korzystając z terminologii Petera Hallwarda i opisanej przez niego dynamiki między tendencjami singular i specific.
Environmental Helicity and Its Effects on Development and Intensification of Tropical Cyclones
Authors: Onderlinde Matthew J. , Nolan David S.
Published: October 2014

Much attention has been given to the impact of environmental wind shear in the 850–200-hPa layer on tropical cyclones (TCs). However, even with the same magnitude of shear, helicity in this layer can vary significantly. A new parameter is presented, the tropical cyclone–relative environmental helicity (TCREH). Positive TCREH leads to a tilted storm that enhances local storm-scale helicity in regions of convection within the TC. This enhanced local-scale helicity potentially allows for more robust and longer-lasting convection, which is more effective at generating latent heat and subsequent TC intensification. TC vertical tilt is often attributed to wind shear. Different values of helicity modulate this tilt and certain tilt configurations are more favorable for development or intensification than others, suggesting that mean positive environmental helicity is more favorable for development and intensification than mean negative helicity. Idealized modeling simulations demonstrate the impact of environmental helicity on TC development and intensification. Results show that wind profiles with the same 850–200-hPa wind shear but different values of helicity lead to different rates of development. TCREH also is computed from the Interim ECMWF Re-Analysis (1979–2011) and Global Forecast System analyses (2004–11) to determine if a significant signal exists between TCREH and TC intensification. Mean annular helicity is averaged over various time periods and correlated with the TC intensity change during those periods. Results suggest a weak but statistically significant correlation between environmental helicity and TC intensity change with positive helicity being more favorable for intensification.
Uncertainty in Twenty-First-Century CMIP5 Sea Level Projections
Authors: Little Christopher M. , Horton Radley M. , Kopp Robert E. , Oppenheimer Michael , Yip Stan
Published: October 2014

The representative concentration pathway (RCP) simulations included in phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) quantify the response of the climate system to different natural and anthropogenic forcing scenarios. These simulations differ because of 1) forcing, 2) the representation of the climate system in atmosphere–ocean general circulation models (AOGCMs), and 3) the presence of unforced (internal) variability. Global and local sea level rise projections derived from these simulations, and the emergence of distinct responses to the four RCPs depend on the relative magnitude of these sources of uncertainty at different lead times. Here, the uncertainty in CMIP5 projections of sea level is partitioned at global and local scales, using a 164-member ensemble of twenty-first-century simulations. Local projections at New York City (NYSL) are highlighted. The partition between model uncertainty, scenario uncertainty, and internal variability in global mean sea level (GMSL) is qualitatively consistent with that of surface air temperature, with model uncertainty dominant for most of the twenty-first century. Locally, model uncertainty is dominant through 2100, with maxima in the North Atlantic and the Arctic Ocean. The model spread is driven largely by 4 of the 16 AOGCMs in the ensemble; these models exhibit outlying behavior in all RCPs and in both GMSL and NYSL. The magnitude of internal variability varies widely by location and across models, leading to differences of several decades in the local emergence of RCPs. The AOGCM spread, and its sensitivity to model exclusion and/or weighting, has important implications for sea level assessments, especially if a local risk management approach is utilized.
Cyclonic Eddies in the Gulf of Mexico: Observations by Underwater Gliders and Simulations by Numerical Model
Authors: Rudnick Daniel L. , Gopalakrishnan Ganesh , Cornuelle Bruce D.
Published: October 2014

Circulation in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) is dominated by the Loop Current (LC) and by Loop Current eddies (LCEs) that form at irregular multimonth intervals by separation from the LC. Comparatively small cyclonic eddies (CEs) are thought to have a controlling influence on the LCE, including its separation from the LC. Because the CEs are so dynamic and short-lived, lasting only a few weeks, they have proved a challenge to observe. This study addresses that challenge using underwater gliders. These gliders’ data and satellite sea surface height (SSH) are used in a four-dimensional variational (4DVAR) assimilation in the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) general circulation model (MITgcm). The model serves two purposes: first, the model’s estimate of ocean state allows the analysis of four-dimensional fields, and second, the model forecasts are examined to determine the value of glider data. CEs have a Rossby number of about 0.2, implying that the effects of flow curvature, cyclostrophy, to modify the geostrophic momentum balance are slight. The velocity field in CEs is nearly depth independent, while LCEs are more baroclinic, consistent with the CEs origin on the less stratified, dense side of the LCE. CEs are formed from water in the GoM, rather than the Atlantic water that distinguishes the LCE. Model forecasts are improved by glider data, using a quality metric based on satellite SSH, with the best 2-month GoM forecast rivaling the accuracy of a global hindcast.
Police Officers’ Attitudes Toward the Implementation of Community-Oriented Policing in Turkey
Authors: Uluturk Bulent , Guler Ahmet , Karakaya Musa
Published: October 2014

The current study aims to analyze the historical development of community-oriented policing (COP) in Turkey as well as exploring officers’ attitudes toward COP and examining factors related to their attitudes. The current research is based on a survey of 405 Turkish police officers. We focused on officers’ demographic characteristics, work orientation, training, the level of participation in decision-making, and perception toward public as a way of understanding officers’ attitudes toward community policing. Our research suggests that majority of organization members have favorable attitudes toward community policing and support it in general and in their own department. The results indicate a positive relationship between participation in decision-making, service work orientation, officers’ relationships with citizens, and police officers’ attitudes toward community policing. Furthermore, the study assesses the effects of police culture on officers’ attitudes in a highly centralized police agency and discusses the policy implications of our findings.
The War on Prevention
Authors: Hauser David J. , Schwarz Norbert
Published: October 2014

Cancer health information is dominated by enemy and war metaphors intended to motivate the public to “fight” cancer. However, enemy metaphoric framing may influence understanding of, and responses to, cancer. Cancer prevention benefits from avoiding risk increasing behaviors, yet self-limitation is not closely associated with fighting enemies. If so, the metaphor may hurt prevention intentions involving self-limitation. Participants read messages with minute wording variations that established different metaphoric frames. Results show that metaphorically framing cancer as an enemy lessens the conceptual accessibility of (Study 1) and intention for self-limiting prevention behaviors while not increasing intention for monitoring and treatment behaviors (Studies 2 and 3). Framing self-limiting prevention behaviors in terms of fighting an enemy increases their appeal, illustrating the benefits of metaphor matching (Study 3). Overall, these results suggest that enemy metaphors in cancer information reduce some prevention intentions without increasing others, making their use potentially harmful for public health.
Marital Satisfaction With a Special Focus on Gender Differences in Medical Staff in Tehran, Iran
Authors: Rostami Arian , Ghazinour Mehdi , Nygren Lennart , Richter Jörg
Published: October 2014

The family is a fundamental component of society, and marital satisfaction is the main characteristic of a healthy family. The aim of this cross-sectional research was to assess marital satisfaction in medical staff in Tehran, with a special focus on gender differences. Data were collected from 653 medical staff using sociodemographic questions and the ENRICH marital satisfaction questionnaire. The results indicated that marital satisfaction was significantly higher in men than in women. There was a negative correlation between age and marital satisfaction in women. Educational level was associated with marital satisfaction in both genders. Number of children was correlated with marital satisfaction in both men and women. Gender differences in marital satisfaction were revealed, and all sociodemographic factors showed significant relationships, with at least one subscale of marital satisfaction. This study provides a general view of marital satisfaction in Iranian medical professionals as a group with a stressful job.
HOME in the Netherlands
Authors: Goemans Anouk , van Geel Mitch , Vedder Paul , Bradley Robert H.
Published: October 2014

The aim of this study was the validation of the Dutch version of the Middle Childhood Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (MC-HOME), an interview and observation instrument to measure the quality and quantity of stimulation and support available to a child in the home environment. Participants in this cross-sectional study were 134 children from a generally low-risk sample of Dutch families. Children were between the ages 6 and 10 years, including 73 (54.5%) girls and 61 (45.5%) boys. Internal consistencies were low, but good interrater reliabilities were found. Significant associations between the MC-HOME and socioeconomic status, child behavior problems, and parental stress were found. Although the association with language scores was not statistically significant, it was in the expected direction. This study suggests that the MC-HOME is a valid screening instrument, though modernization and cultural adaptation of the instrument are desirable.
A Brief Overview of the 33rd Annual STP Symposium on the Translational Pathology
Authors: Hoenerhoff Mark J. , Silverman Lee , Francke Sabine
Published: October 2014

The 33rd Society of Toxicologic Pathology’s Annual Symposium focused on translational science and the relevance of toxicologic pathology to human health. Toxicologic pathologists work in diverse settings studying changes elicited by pharmacological, chemical, and environmental agents and factors that modify these responses. Regardless of the work setting, society members are dedicated to the integration of toxicologic pathology into hazard identification, risk assessment, and risk communication regarding human and animal exposure to potentially toxic substances. Toxicologic pathologists routinely face not only questions regarding pathological changes related to compound exposure but also questions concerning what translational relevance those lesions and exposures have to a human population or organ system. This symposium provided a basis for the membership to understand the variety of roles the toxicologic pathologist plays in translational science, where our gaps in translational science are, and how we can move forward to better address the challenges in the field translational science in order to continue to positively impact human health.
Moral judgment of close relationship behaviors
Authors: Selterman Dylan , Koleva Spassena
Published: October 2014

Two studies with a college student ( n = 287) and an Internet volunteer sample ( n = 795) assessed moral judgments for norm violations in close relationships. We developed a 31-item questionnaire that assessed participants’ moral judgments of potential norm violations in relationships, including sexual threats (e.g., watching others masturbate), emotional threats (e.g., keeping romantic memorabilia from past relationships), friendship boundaries (e.g., dating a best friend’s ex-partner), digital infidelity (e.g., sexting), and privacy violations (e.g., looking through a partner’s belongings). In addition, we assessed general moral concerns, attachment style, and sociosexuality. Results showed that concerns about purity/degradation predicted harsher moral judgments for most types of violations, even when controlling for other moral concerns. Attachment-related avoidance predicted greater permissiveness toward emotional threats, digital infidelity, and friendship boundaries but harsher judgments for privacy violations, whereas attachment anxiety predicted the opposite pattern. Sociosexuality predicted greater permissiveness toward sexual behaviors. Female participants judged most behaviors more harshly than did males. We interpret findings within the frameworks of Attachment Theory and Moral Foundations Theory.
RETRACTED: The effect of postural control intervention for congenital muscular torticollis: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lee InHee
Published: October 2014

At the request of the Journal Editor and the Publisher, the following article has been retracted:

Lee I. (2015) The effect of postural control intervention for congenital muscular torticollis: a randomized controlled trial. Clinical Rehabilitation 29(8): 795–802. DOI: 10.1177/0269215514555037.

This article demonstrates a high level of unreferenced overlap with the following article:

Rahlin, M. (2005) TAMO Therapy as a Major Component of Physical Therapy Intervention for an Infant With Congenital Muscular Torticollis: A Case Report. Paediatric Physical Therapy 17(3):L 209–218. 10.1097/01.pep.0000179176.20035.f0
A lifestyle intervention improves fatigue, mental health and social support among adolescents and young adults with cerebral palsy: focus on mediating effects
Authors: Slaman J , van den Berg-Emons HJG , van Meeteren J , Twisk J , van Markus F , Stam HJ , van der Slot WM , Roebroeck ME
Published: October 2014

Objective:

To evaluate the effect of a lifestyle intervention on fatigue, participation, quality of life, gross motor functioning, motivation, self-efficacy and social support, and to explore mediating effects of physical behavior and physical fitness.

Design:

A randomized controlled trial with intention to treat analysis.

Setting:

Rehabilitation centers in university hospitals in the Netherlands.

Subjects:

Adolescents and young adults with spastic cerebral palsy.

Interventions:

A six-month lifestyle intervention that consisted of physical fitness training combined with counseling sessions focused on physical behavior and sports participation.

Main measures:

Fatigue, social participation, quality of life and gross motor functioning.

Results:

The lifestyle intervention was effective in decreasing fatigue severity during the intervention (difference = –6.72, p = 0.02) and in increasing health-related quality of life with respect to bodily pain (difference = 15.14, p = 0.01) and mental health (difference = 8.80, p = 0.03) during follow-up. Furthermore, the domain participation and involvement of the social support increased during both the intervention (difference = 5.38, p = 0.04) and follow-up (difference = 4.52, p = 0.03) period. Physical behavior or physical fitness explained the observed effects for 22.6%, 9.7% and 28.1% of improvements on fatigue, bodily pain and mental health, but had little effect on social support (2.6%).

Interpretation:

Fatigue, bodily pain, mental health and social support can be improved using a lifestyle intervention among adolescents and young adults with cerebral palsy. Furthermore, substantial mediating effects were found for physical behavior and physical fitness on fatigue, bodily pain and mental health.
Dispositional Hope as a Moderator of the Link Between Social Comparison With Friends and Eighth-Grade Students’ Perceptions of Academic Competence
Authors: Bissell-Havran Joanna M.
Published: October 2014

We examined the link between social comparison with friends and self-perceptions of academic competence during adolescence and how personality may play a role in this link. Participants were 193 eighth-grade students who attended a rural, mid-Atlantic middle school. We used difference scores to measure the extent to which students’ nominated and reciprocated friends had higher academic performance in math and reading than the students themselves. Regression analyses revealed that, as students’ friends had higher math test scores than the students themselves, students’ academic self-competence decreased. For reading, however, a similar result only held for students with higher levels of dispositional hope. The role that hope plays in how students interpret unfavorable social comparisons, and in how they view their academic competence, may not be straightforward. The implications of social comparison may also vary across academic domains.
Anxiety sensitivity and headache: Diagnostic differences, impact, and relations with perceived headache triggers
Authors: Smitherman Todd A , Davis Rachel E , Walters A Brooke , Young John , Houle Timothy T
Published: October 2014

Background

Anxiety sensitivity (AS), the fear of arousal-related bodily sensations due to beliefs about presumed harmful consequences, predicts fear and avoidance among musculoskeletal pain patients but remains largely unexplored in headache. The aims of this cross-sectional study were to evaluate AS among young adult migraine and tension-type headache sufferers and to assess relations with headache impact and perceived susceptibility to headache triggers.

Methods

A total of 2350 young adults (72.6% with primary headache; 64.9% female; 22.5% minority) completed measures of AS and headache symptomatology. Generalized linear models assessed relations between AS and ICHD-II diagnosis, headache-related disability, and perceived trigger susceptibility. Canonical correlation analyses quantified relations with headache symptomatology.

Results

AS reliably differentiated headache sufferers from those without headache, being highest among chronic migraineurs and episodic migraineurs with aura. AS accounted for 8.4% of variance in headache symptomatology and was most strongly associated with prototypical migraine symptoms. AS predicted headache-related disability and trigger variables, even after controlling for headache frequency and severity. AS accounted for more unique variance in disability than depression and anxiety symptoms combined.

Conclusions

AS predicts pain itself, adjustment to pain, and evaluation of factors influencing pain among primary headache sufferers, even after controlling for headache burden. Further study of AS among headache patients is warranted.