bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Challenges Faced by Novice Research Students at Undergraduate Level: A Qualitative Study at Institute of Education and Research
Authors: Zafar Sabiha , Kamran Muhammad , Raza Hassan , Mehtab Afshan
Published: June 2021

This study was conducted to investigate the problems faced by Novice researchers at Institute of Education and Research, Punjab University Lahore. The study was Qualitative by nature. Seven B.Ed. Hons students were selected through purposive sampling as sample. For this purpose in-depth interview was used as instrument to collect data from the sample. Researcher herself conducted the interviews from Novice researchers. Data was collected, organized and analysed. Themes were generated from the data. Major findings of research were that novice researcher are lacking in expertise, confidence in conducting research, problems finding relevant literature and sample, analysing data and reporting properly.
Una revisión narrativa: el baloncesto como medio de inclusión en el trastorno del espectro autista (A narrative review: basketball as a mean of inclusion for people with autistic spectrum disorder)
Authors: García Obrero Elisa , González García Higinio
Published: June 2021

Actualmente se encuentran en auge los estudios que relacionan el Trastorno del Espectro Autista con la actividad física, siendo el deporte sinónimo de mejora en la calidad de vida de las personas. Sin embargo, todas las investigaciones que unifican el Trastorno del Espectro Autista y deporte quedan asociadas a prácticas individuales, como la natación o la equitación. El objetivo de la revisión narrativa es conocer qué suscita la literatura en relación al TEA con el deporte, concretando en los deportes colectivos y especificando en la práctica de baloncesto. La presente revisión narrativa reflexiona abrir la oferta deportiva hacia deportes colectivos, concretamente el baloncesto, encontrando en su práctica un escenario muy positivo y beneficioso para el desarrollo integral de las personas con TEA. Se acredita el deporte como medio indispensable de inclusión y crecimiento de las personas con TEA, además de evidenciarse el potencial de los deportes colectivos, concretamente el baloncesto, a la hora de progresar en aspectos diagnósticos donde las personas con TEA muestran más dificultades (relaciones sociales, funciones ejecutivas, relación en y con el entorno). Como conclusiones, se sugiere la necesidad de continuar con investigaciones que asocien el TEA a deportes colectivos, además de trabajos de campo que tengan como objeto de estudio el baloncesto y ayuden así a la producción de conocimiento entorno a las posibilidades inclusivas y de desarrollo que ofrece su práctica para las personas con TEA.
Abstract: The studies that relate the Autism Spectrum Disorder with the physical activity have currently increased, being sport a byword for improvement on people’s life quality. However, all the investigations that join the Autism Spectrum Disorder and sport refer to individual performances, such as swimming or equestrianism. Thus, the goal of the narrative review is to recognize what produces the literature about Autism Spectrum Disorder and sports (focusing on group sports, particularly basketball). This narrative revision suggests an ample sport offer in collective sports, especially basketball, finding on its practice a very positive and beneficial set for the absolute development of people with ASD. Sport is ratified as an indispensable channel of inclusion and growth in people with autism, in addition to evince the potential of group sports, specifically basketball, when progressing in diagnostic aspects where people with ASD find more difficulties (social relationships, executive functions, relationship with and in the environment). As conclusions, it is highlighted the need of continuing with investigations that relate autism with group sports, as well as field studies regarding basketball producing this way knowledge about the possibilities of inclusion and development that its practice offers to people with ASD.
Atypical Presentation of Goldenhar Syndrome
Authors: Sen Shubhrakanti , Maity Debmalya , Koley Arnab
Published: June 2021

Introduction
In 1952 Goldenhar described a case with triad of pre auricular tags, mandibular hypoplasia and ocular (epibulbar) dermoid and described the case as Goldenhar Syndrome.
Case Report
A case of Goldenhar Syndrome without ocular involvement is presented.
Discussion
Goldenhar syndrome is also known as oculoauriculovertebral dysplasia due to presence of additional vertebral anomalies. Exact etiology of this disease is not known. Most of the cases are   sporadic, though autosomal recessive/dominant and multifactorial inheritance has also been suggested. Chromosomal analysis shows no abnormalities.
Rare Case of Childhood Lipoblastoma presenting as Tongue Mass
Authors: V Anand , Anand Aishwarya , Ramachandra Manaswini , Janarthanan Sridurga
Published: June 2021

Introduction
Lipoblastoma is a rare benign tumour arising from embryonic white fat been commonly noted in limbs and trunk, but tongue involvement is rare and has not yet been reported.
Case Report
A child with tongue lipoblastoma is reported, whose imaging reported an encapsulated, well-delineated, fat-containing tumour. Surgical excision was performed with no post-operative morbidities. 
Discussion
Lipoblastoma is an uncommon childhood tumour, which rarely affects the tongue. It presents as a progressive painless swelling, rarely causing any symptom. MRI is helpful to assess the precise location and extent of the lesion. Although the ratio of fat to myxocollagenous tissue in the tumour is variable, the diagnosis can be suggested in most cases based on the imaging characteristics. Recommended treatment is complete surgical excision and confirmation of diagnosis by histopathological examination.
Role of a Unique Innovative Device (HEAR-O-SCOPE) in Prevention of Noise Induced Hearing Loss
Authors: Bag Sreemanti , Rahaman Md. Quaisar , Singh Rajiv , Das Chiranjib , Mukherjee Dwaipayan , Basu Sumit Kumar
Published: June 2021

Introduction

Noise induced hearing loss has great significance in today’s world as it comes as an occupational health hazard accompanied with other systemic adverse effects like several neuropsychiatric disorders, cardiovascular diseases, or peptic ulcers. It can be prevented by serial follow up with pure tone audiograms and use of noise protectors like ear muffs or ear plugs. This article demonsrates an easy-to-adopt method of preventing noise induced hearing loss in the form of an electronic device named HEAR-O-SCOPE.

Device Design

This device is essentially a decibel meter which senses sound intensities above 85 decibel and equates it with permissible time of exposure for that decibel range and if permissible time of exposure is crossed, sends alarm signals in the form of buzzer and display, giving the user adequate time either to move away from the noisy surrounding or put in noise protectors. This device also has provision for real-time graphical plotting facilities.

Expected Benefits

Expected outcome by using this device in the long run would be early detection and prevention of noise induced hearing loss and other health hazards of noise pollution.

Conclusion

Regular use of HEAR-O-SCOPE is highly recommendable for prevention of Noise Induced Hearing Loss.
Perspectives of Practitioners on the Green Infrastructure in Mukalla City, Yemen
Authors: Bagazi Omar Ali Ahmed , Asmawi M Zainora , Mahamod Lukman Hakim , Ab Rahman Syakir Amir , Abd Aziz Abdul Razak
Published: June 2021

Green infrastructure (GI) is a new term that aims to accomplish sustainable development. It is a platform to achieve a balance between environmental preservation and urban development and achieve economic, social and environmental benefits. However, many countries are suffering from a lack of investment in GI benefits, especially developing countries. Therefore, this study aims to assess the level of attitude among practitioners through assessing their willingness to invest in GI benefits. A quantitative research approach and the questionnaire were designed, containing 17 main benefits of GI to achieve the aim of this study. The questionnaires were distributed manually to the agencies of planning and designing of urban area in Mukalla city. The total number of completed questionnaires entered into this study was 82—the SPSS program approved for results analysis. Relative important index (RII) was used to rank the items, means (X̄) was used to assess the level of attitude among practitioners. Pearson's Chi-square test (χ2) was used to explore the impact of the demographic factors of practitioners on their attitude. In contrast, multiple linear regression was used to predict the relation between attitude and demographic factors. Firstly, the overall means (X̄) revealed that the GI attitude among practitioners in Mukalla city was positive. Secondly, the cross-tabulation revealed that all-male, old and non-government practitioners having a positive attitude, similarly all highly experienced and postgraduate practitioners also had a positive attitude. Pearson's Chi-square test (χ2) showed that experience has no significant influence on GI's economic, social and environmental benefits. Thirdly, multiple linear regression showed that gender and education of practitioners contribute positively toward increasing the level of attitude among practitioners in Mukalla city.
Pengurusan Risiko Menurut Perspektif Syarak: Satu Kajian Tinjauan Di Institusi Wakaf Majlis Agama Islam Negeri (MAIN) Terpilih
Authors: Wan Ab Rahaman Wan Mohd Al Faizee Ab , Yaacob Salmy Edawati , Haron Mohamad Sabri , Ishak Suhada
Published: June 2021

Pengurusan risiko merupakan antara komponen tadbir urus yang baik dan berperanan memastikan objektif dan matlamat institusi tercapai. Risiko dan pengurusan risiko telah menjadi perhatian dalam institusi bermatlamatkan keuntungan seperti syarikat kewangan kerana faktor untung dan rugi. Namun, situasi ini berbeza dengan institusi tidak bermatlamatkan keuntungan yang masih kurang menekankan perihal pengurusan risiko serta dibahaskan dalam konteks semasa. Tambahan pula, syarak telah menekankan perihal risiko dan pengurusan risiko lebih-lebih lagi melibatkan institusi yang berlatar belakangkan Islam seperti wakaf. Justeru itu, kajian ini akan menganalisis kedudukan risiko dan pengurusan risiko dari sudut pandang syarak, seterusnya meneliti keterdedahan risiko serta keperluan pengurusan risiko dalam institusi wakaf. Reka bentuk kajian ini adalah kualitatif dengan menggunakan analisis kandungan. Dapatan kajian mengenal pasti bahawa risiko dan pengurusan risiko telah ditekankan oleh syarak melalui perspektif al-Quran, al-Sunnah, fiqh dan praktikal semasa. Kajian turut mendapati pengurusan wakaf di Malaysia belum terdapat bahagian pengurusan risiko yang khusus dalam organisasi mereka walaupun perbincangan pengurusan risiko dalam institusi tidak bermatlamatkan keuntungan semakin mendapat perhatian. Kajian ini turut mencadangkan pendekatan pengurusan risiko yang lebih menyeluruh dan kontemporari untuk diamalkan dalam kerangka pengurusan risiko institusi wakaf semasa.
Assessment of Awareness and Behaviour Among Secondary School Students on Climate Change
Authors: Abd Hamid Izzah , Wan Yahaya Wan Asrina , Rahim Hairazi
Published: June 2021

The climate change issue has been recognised as a global problem and it has to be given serious attention. The human contribution is necessary, it can be done through spreading awareness that will lead to behavioural changes. This study aims to assess the awareness and behaviour of secondary students and their contribution towards preventing climate change. The study was conducted with Nature Lovers and Peer Counsellors Club members at SMK Bandar Bintulu. About 133 surveys using Likert-scale with rating 1 to 4 were collected and analysed on frequency and percentage by SPSS. Findings revealed that the respondents’ awareness of climate change occurs as they learn from the classroom and join the environmental related club. However, their awareness does not represent their behaviour in protecting climate change due to minimum exposure on the human contribution towards climate change. Therefore, this study, suggests a long-term campaign related to the effects of climate change on health, including proper education on rules and regulation implemented by authorities to cater for this situation.
Coping with a narcissistic partner during lockdown - A qualitative research
Authors: Costin Alina , Rad Dana
Published: June 2021

This work is a phenomenological analysis that investigates how the lockdown was perceived by dysfunctional families, namely, narcissistic families. The literature indicates serious disorders in the family life of the narcissist, hostility, tension, conflict, instability (Campbell, Foster, 2002; Kohut, 1972), so, we are interested in describing how narcissistic partners perceive their relationship, and how they describe the period spent during the pandemic restrictions. Two case studies were conducted, which were selected so as to be relevant to the research objectives. We were also interested in the psychological symptoms of the two subjects investigated shortly after the restrictions were lifted. In this regard, the Revised 90 symptom assessment scale (Marian, M.I., 2008) was also applied.

The results of this study confirm the negative effects on mental health that a relationship with a narcissistic partner holds during lockdown and encompasses surprising coping strategies that make living with a narcissistic partner possible.

Keywords: lockdown, narcissistic family, stress, mental health, coping
Effect of intercropping on growth and yield of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
Authors: SONIYA T
Published: June 2021

The investigation was carried out to “Study the effect of intercropping on growth and yield of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)” at a farmer’s field at Sorakalnatham, Natrampalli taluk, Tirupattur district, (Tamil Nadu) during January - May 2019. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with ten treatments replicated thrice. The treatments comprised of three intercrops viz., radish, small onion and vegetable cowpea, and three levels of recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) viz., 100, 125 and 150 % along with sole crop of tomato under 100 % RDF. The results indicated that the maximum values for growthattributes viz., plant height at 30, 60 and 90 DAT (48.5, 63.5 and 92.1 cm, respectively), primary branches/plant (11.5), leaf area index (3.58) and yield components like fruits plant-1 (35.5), single fruit weight (82.9 g) and weight of fruits plant-1 (2.9 kg) were recorded in the plots which received 25 t FYM ha-1 + 150 % RDF in tomato + small onion intercropping system. This was followed by thetomato + vegetable cowpea intercropping system which received 25 t FYM ha-1 + 150 % RDF.
Sustainable agricultural practices for improving growth, yield and quality of turmeric (Curcumalonga L.)
Authors: LOHAR R.R.
Published: June 2021

A field experiment was carried out in district-Sangli (Maharashtra) to study the effect of sustainable agricultural practices for improving growth, yield and quality of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) variety Salem during 2018 and 2019. Twelve treatments were evaluated in randomized block design with three replications. The results revealed that plant height, leaves/plant, width of leaves, leaf area index and clumps/plant tended to increase with age of plant and maximum values were recorded at 150 DAP, irrespective to various treatments. Application of 50% RDF + 50% NC resulted in significantly higher fresh weight of primary rhizome (46.5 g), fresh weight of secondary rhizome (55.5 g) and high marketable yield of rhizome (251.2 q ha-1) over control. The total yield of fresh rhizome per plot was comparatively on higher side (418.5g) when compared to control (308.1g) and other treatments. The application of 50% RDF + 50% NC proved superior for enhancing the quality parameters of turmeric such as fats (1.06 %), protein (1.25 %), carbohydrates (9.25 %) and curcumin (5.13 %) content to other treatments. Soil productivity was recorded maximum due to combined application of 50 % RDF + 50 % NC than the application of all these fertilizers alone. Fertility status of post-harvest soil improved with most of the treatments over control and higher values were recorded with 50% RDF + 50% NC treatment.
Influence of lime, phosphorus and boron on performance of maize (Zea mays L.)in acidic soil of Nagaland
Authors: AO MERASENLA
Published: June 2021

A pot experiment was conducted in an acidic sandy clay loam soil during the kharif season of 2016 and 2017 to study the performance of maize using two lime levels (0 and ¼ lime of LR), four phosphorus levels (0, 13.4, 26.8 and 40.2 mg P2O5 kg-1) and three boron levels (0, 0.45 and 0.90 mg B kg-1) with maize as test crop. The experiment was designed in complete randomized design with three replications. Results revealed that plant height, number of leaves and leaf area index increased appreciably with the advancement of age of the crop and maximum values were recorded at harvest. Application of ¼ lime of LR increased plant height at harvest, grain and stover yield to the extent of 13.1, 24.6 and 23.0%, respectively over control. Phosphorus and boron uptake increased significantly with lime application and enhanced by 45.9, 27.0% in grain and 44.5 and 29.3% in stover, respectively over control. Application of phosphorus significantly enhanced the growth attributes, yield attributes, grain and stover yield and P and B uptake except rows per cob and test weight and the highest values of these parameters were recorded with 40.2 mg P2O5 kg-1. However, grain and stover yield and P and B uptake in grain and stover remained statistically at par with 26.8 mg P2O5 kg-1application.Application of 26.8 mg P2O5 kg-1 enhanced plant height at harvest, grain and stover yield by 21.2, 23.2 and 19.8%, respectively over control. Plant height, leaves plant-1, cob length, cob girth, grains row-1, grains cob-1, grain and stover yield and P and B uptake were influenced significantly with boron application and maximum values were recorded with 0.90 mg B kg-1. At harvest plant height, grain and stover yield was increased by 4.9, 10.9 and 10.6%, respectively with application of 0.90 mg B kg-1 over control. Lime application significantly increased the available P and B status of post harvest soil. Application of P and B significantly improved their respective status in post harvest soil.Thus, results suggested that application of ¼ lime of LR along with 26.8 mg kg-1 P2O5 and 0.90 mg kg-1 boron proved beneficial for cultivation of maize in acidic soil condition of Nagaland.
HISTÓRIA DO MOVIMENTO DE MULHERES CAMPONESAS DE MINAS GERAIS / History and Struggles of Territorialization of the Movement of Peasant Women in Minas Gerais / Historia y luchas de territorialización del movimiento de mujeres campesinas en Minas Gerais
Authors: Rocha Gadelha Renata
Published: June 2021

O presente artigo busca apresentar a história do Movimento de Mulheres Camponesas no estado de Minas Gerais (MMC MG), como um movimento socioterritorial, destacando seus antecedentes, o início de sua formação e desenvolvimento. Para tanto, utilizou-se a história de vida e a observação participante como meio de coleta de dados. Foram entrevistadas oito camponesas do MMC MG e feitos registros, a partir da participação no Encontro Estadual do MMC MG em 2019, e de visitas ao Sindicato dos(as) Trabalhadores(as) Rurais de Governador Valadares (STR-GV). O MMC MG nasce e se desenvolve no Vale do Rio Doce (VRD), a partir de lutas históricas do campesinato contra a expropriação de suas terras pelos latifundiários. Dessas lutas nasce o STR-GV. É a partir deste sindicato que as mulheres do campo do VRD, na década de 1990, começam a se organizar, articulando-se a movimentos autônomos de mulheres do campo de outros estados e levantando pautas sobre as relações de gênero. Até que, em 2004, o grupo de mulheres organizadas pelo STR-GV participam da criação e passam a integrar o MMC Brasil.Como citar este artigo: GADELHA, Renata Rocha. História e Lutas da Territorialização do Movimento de Mulheres Camponesas de Minas Gerais. Revista NERA, v. 24, n. 57, p. 158-184, Dossiê I ELAMSS, 2021.
LOS MOVIMIENTOS SOCIO-TERRITORIALES EMERGEN DEL TERRITORIO Y CONSTRUYEN NUEVOS PROYECTOS DE DESARROLLO TERRITORIAL / Os movimentos socioterritoriais emergem do território e constroem novos projetos de desenvolvimento territorial / Socio-territorial movements emerge from the territory and build new territorial development projects
Authors: Borges Gerson Antonio Barbosa
Published: June 2021

El territorio, al ser interpretado desde su multiescalaridad y multidimensionalidad, permite al investigador tener una relación más cercana con los constantes cambios de la realidad. Reflexionando en torno a las organizaciones de la sociedad civil que, teniendo el territorio como propósito de su existencia, se constituyen como movimientos socio-territoriales, orientamos nuestro artículo hacia el caso del Movimiento de Pequeños Agricultores y su elaboración de un proyecto de desarrollo territorial, llamado Plan Campesino, que se presenta como una alternativa frente al camino trazado por el proyecto de desarrollo de la agricultura capitalista en su fase neoliberal.Como citar este artigo: BORGES, Gerson Antonio Barbosa.  Los movimentos socioterritoriais emergen del territorio y construyen nuevos proyectos de desarrollo territorial. Revista NERA, v. 24, n. 57, p. 232-254, Dossiê I ELAMSS, 2021.
Resolution of management issues with mega projects
Authors:   , Mhlongo Scelo
Published: June 2021

South Africa is a developing country with many construction projects that are being undetaken. The study aims to contribute to the resolution of issues around the management of projects. Previous studies have revealed that there are many failures in the erection of mega projects. This study was based in three provinces in South Africa - KwaZulu-Natal, Gauteng and Western Cape. A mixed method research approach incorporating both qualitative and quantitive methods was used to collect empirical data from stakeholders working on mega projects. The data was collected using a structured questionnaire and focused individual interviews. The study established that management issues such as the lack of stakeholder engagement and poor logistics planning play a role in the failure of mega projects. The level of use of this research targeted companies which are at 8GB and 9GB and within those companies, professionals such as project managers, architects, quantity surveyors, foremen and site agents. The study recommends that in order for mega projects to be successful, stake holders must mitigate turnaround time on taking decisions. Also, sound decisions must be taken for effective delivery of mega projects. Findings suggests that plant down time contributes to the failure of a project. Regular plant schedule checking is done daily prior to plant operation. Findings on logistic management revealed that the leading factor is public safety. It is recommended that safety of public around projects needs to be managed closely by responsible site agents and safety officers. The change of designs during construction must be avoided since this brings unexpected material expenditure which impacts on the project costing. All cost occurring during design changes must be charged to the architect fees, unless the changes were unforeseen.
Tumor rabdoide teratoide atípico del sistema nervioso central con INI1 positivo : presentación de un caso pediátrico.
Authors: Calderón Gasca Alejandra , Paz Kelly
Published: June 2021

Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 11 años de edad con diagnóstico de tumor rabdoide teratoide atípico del sistema nervioso central, con retención de la expresión del marcador INI 1, negatividad del marcador BRG1 y estudios de genética sin ninguna alteración correspondiente al cromosoma 22. Se logró una resección completa de la lesión, con posterior consolidación del tratamiento con quimioterapia y radioterapia y, a la fecha, en remisión de la enfermedad. La relevancia de este caso es la positividad del INI-1 en la inmunohistoquímica, que en el contexto de un tumor rabdoide teratoide atípico, no descarta esta entidad patológica, siendo útil la realización del marcador BRG1 para establecer el diagnóstico.
Desenlaces clínicos de una cohorte de pacientes con cáncer de mama localmente avanzado manejadas con terapia hormonal adyuvante en el Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INC).
Authors: Lizarazo Diego , Sánchez Jesús O. , Díaz Sandra
Published: June 2021

Introducción: para Colombia, según datos de Globocan 2018, el cáncer de mama es el tipo de cáncer más común en las mujeres con 13.380 casos representando el 24,8% de todos los casos. Objetivo: describir la supervivencia libre de enfermedad y la supervivencia global de pacientes con cáncer de mama localmente avanzado, manejadas con quimioterapia neoadyuvante en el Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INC) (Bogorá, Colombia) durante los años 2012 a 2014 y que además recibieron tratamiento adyuvante hormonal. Métodos: estudio observacional descriptivo retrospectivo. La muestra fue por conveniencia de pacientes con cáncer de mama localmente avanzado que fueron manejadas con terapia hormonal adyuvante. Resultados: se incluyeron 77 pacientes. La mediana de seguimiento fue de 4,6 años. La media de edad fue 53 años. La mayoría de las pacientes fueron clasificadas en estadio clínico IIIB (51,9% n=40) y el subtipo biológico tumoral más común fue luminal B HER2 negativo 45,5% (n=35). La frecuencia de recurrencia (local, regional y sistémica) fue del 16,9% (n=13). El tratamiento hormonal adyuvante más utilizado fue la terapia switch en el 40,3% (n=31) de los casos. No se encontraron diferencias en supervivencia libre de enfermedad y global de acuerdo con el subtipo tumoral biológico y el tipo de tratamiento hormonal adyuvante recibido. En cuanto al perfil de seguridad, el tratamiento administrado fue bastante seguro en cuanto a toxicidad, más frecuentes fueron las artralgias en el 11,7% (n=9) y la osteoporosis en el 10,4% (n=8). Conclusiones: la mediana de supervivencia libre de enfermedad y global fue de 30 meses y 45,2 meses, respectivamente; no se documentaron diferencias entre los diferentes subtipos; se observó que los tumores luminal A, al igual que los pacientes que recibieron terapia de manipulación hormonal con esquema switch, tenían una menor frecuencia de recurrencia y mejor supervivencia global.
Daratumumab en el manejo del mieloma múltiple refractario o recidivante : metaanálisis en red.
Authors: Jagua Gualdrón Andrés , Pineda Manuel Fernando
Published: June 2021

Introducción: el mieloma múltiple refractario o recidivante es un reto para los médicos tratantes. En la actualidad existen múltiples opciones terapéuticas para estos casos, sin embargo, la evidencia científica sobre su eficacia comparativa aún se encuentra en construcción. Objetivo: comparar, a través de un metaanálisis en red, la eficacia y seguridad reportada en ensayos clínicos del daratumumab con otros tratamientos en pacientes con mieloma múltiple recidivante o refractario. Metodología: se realizó una búsqueda sistemática de la literatura a través de bases de datos para la identificación de ensayos clínicos que evaluaran los efectos terapéuticos de las tecnologías en salud utilizadas en el manejo del mieloma múltiple refractario o recidivante que tuvieran un comparador común con el daratumumab. Posteriormente, se hizo un metaanálisis en red para la comparación de la eficacia, las comparaciones indirectas fueron ajustadas. Se estimaron OR y sus intervalos de confianza. Resultados: se incluyeron siete ensayos clínicos en el metaanálisis. Cuando el comparador común fue el bortezomib/dexametasona, el daratumumab fue superior comparado con el carfilzomib (OR 0,49; IC95% 0,99, 0,7) y bortezomib/dexametasona (OR 0,26, IC95% 0,54, 0,37). Cuando el comparador común fue lenalidomida/dexametasona, el daratumumab fue superior al carfilzomib (OR 0,21, IC95% 0,13, 0,36), ixazomib (OR 0,4, IC95% 0,26, 0,83) y elotuzumab (OR 0,28, IC95% 0,18, 0,44) sobre la progresión de la enfermedad o muerte. Las reacciones adversas severas fueron similares entre los grupos. Conclusiones: el daratumumab es una herramienta terapéutica que muestra resultados superiores en términos de la progresión de la enfermedad o muerte y con una proporción de reacciones adversas severas similar en comparación con otras alternativas terapéuticas.
Adeus Segurança Ontológica: Whitehead, latour e as implicações da Covid-19 na teoria social
Authors: Pinho Thiago
Published: June 2021

A pandemia do coronavírus em 2020 não foi apenas um abalo em nossas instituições políticas ou em nossas formas epistemológicas de compreensão do mundo, mas algo muito além de tudo isso, ao invadir as profundezas do que chamariam de realidade. Através de Whitehead e Latour, dentro da tradição vitalista que ambos fazem parte, aqui também chamada de Teoria Social Alternativa (T.S.A), é meio óbvio que a pandemia mexeu não apenas com nossas formas de conhecer o mundo, e suas representações implicadas, mas principalmente com um certo horizonte ontológico nos bastidores da realidade enquanto tal. O seguinte ensaio, amparado que é nos trabalhos de Latour e Whitehead, dois grandes representantes da T.S.A, tem por objetivo sugerir seis grandes implicações como resultado da pandemia de 2020, seis grandes choques que abalaram os alicerces daquilo que Giddens chamou de “Segurança Ontológica”.
Optically thin clouds in the trades
Authors: Mieslinger Theresa , Stevens Bjorn , Kölling Tobias , Brath Manfred , Wirth Martin , Buehler Stefan A.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. We develop a new method to describe the total cloud cover including optically thin clouds in trade wind cumulus cloud fields. Climate models as well as Large Eddy Simulations commonly underestimate the cloud cover, while estimates from observations largely disagree on the cloud cover in the trades. Currently, trade wind clouds contribute significantly to the uncertainty in climate sensitivity estimates derived from model perturbation studies. To simulate clouds well and especially how they change in a future climate we have to know how cloudy it is. In this study we develop a method to quantify the cloud cover from a clear-sky perspective. Using well-known radiative transfer relations we retrieve the clear-sky contribution in high-resolution satellite observations of trade cumulus cloud fields during EUREC4A. Knowing the clear-sky part, we can investigate the remaining cloud-related contributions consisting of areas detected by common cloud masking algorithms and those undetected areas related to optically thin clouds. We find that the cloud-mask cloud cover underestimates the total cloud cover by a factor of 2. Lidar measurements on board the HALO aircraft support our findings by showing a high abundance of optically thin clouds during EUREC4A. Mixing the undetected optically thin clouds into the clear-sky signal can cause an underestimation of the cloud radiative effect of up to −32 %. We further discuss possible artificial correlations in aersol-cloud cover interaction studies that might arise from undetected optically thin clouds. Our analysis suggests that the known underestimation of trade wind cloud cover and simultaneous overestiamtion of cloud brightness in models is even higher than assumed so far.
Estimating Upper Silesian coal mine methane emissions from airborne in situ observations and dispersion modeling
Authors: Kostinek Julian , Roiger Anke , Eckl Maximilian , Fiehn Alina , Luther Andreas , Wildmann Norman , Klausner Theresa , Fix Andreas , Knote Christoph , Stohl Andreas , Butz André
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Abundant mining and industrial activities located in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (USCB) lead to large emissions of the potent greenhouse gas (GHG) methane (CH4). The strong localization of CH4 emitters (mostly confined to known coal mine ventilation shafts) and the large emissions of 448 and 720 kt CH4 yr−1 reported in the European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (E-PRTR 2017) and the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR v4.3.2), respectively, make the USCB a prime research target for validating and improving CH4 flux estimation techniques. High-precision observations of this GHG were made downwind of local (e.g., single facilities) to regional-scale (e.g., agglomerations) sources in the context of the CoMet 1.0 campaign in early summer 2018. A quantum cascade–interband cascade laser (QCL–ICL)-based spectrometer adapted for airborne research was deployed aboard the German Aerospace Center (DLR) Cessna 208B to sample the planetary boundary layer (PBL) in situ. Regional CH4 emission estimates for the USCB are derived using a model approach including assimilated wind soundings from three ground-based Doppler lidars.
Although retrieving estimates for individual emitters is difficult using only single flights due to sparse data availability, the combination of two flights allows for exploiting different meteorological conditions (analogous to a sparse tomography algorithm) to establish confidence on facility-level estimates. Emission rates from individual sources not only are needed for unambiguous comparisons between bottom-up and top-down inventories but also become indispensable if (independently verifiable) sanctions are to be imposed on individual companies emitting GHGs. An uncertainty analysis is presented for both the regional-scale and facility-level emission estimates.
We find instantaneous coal mine emission estimates of 451/423 ± 77/79 kt CH4 yr−1 for the morning/afternoon flight of 6 June 2018. The derived fuel-exploitation emission rates coincide (±6 %) with annual-average inventorial data from E-PRTR 2017 although they are distinctly lower (−28 %/−32 %) than values reported in EDGAR v4.3.2. Discrepancies in available emission inventories could potentially be narrowed down with sufficient observations using the method described herein to bridge the gap between instantaneous emission estimates and yearly averaged inventories.
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Measurement from Aircraft and Comparison with OCO-2 and Carbon Tracker Model Data
Authors: Wang Qin , Mustafa Farhan , Bu Lingbing , Zhu Shouzheng , Liu Jiqiao , Chen Weibiao
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Accurate monitoring of the atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and its distribution is of great significance for studying the carbon cycle and predicting the future climate change. Compared to the ground observational sites, the airborne observations cover a wider area, and simultaneously observe a variety of surface types, which help in effectively monitoring the distribution of CO2 sources and sinks. In this work, an airborne experiment was carried out in March 2019 over Shanhaiguan area, China (39–41N,119–121E). An Integrated Path Differential Absorption (IPDA) Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) system and a commercial instrument, the Ultraportable Greenhouse Gas Analyzer (UGGA), were used installed on an aircraft to observe the CO2 distribution over various surface types. The Pulse Integration Method (PIM) algorithm was used to calculate the Differential Absorption Optical Depth (DAOD) from the LIDAR data. The CO2 column-averaged dry-air mixing ratio (XCO2) was calculated over different types of surfaces including mountain, ocean and urban areas. The concentrations of the XCO2 calculated from LIDAR measurements over ocean, mountain, and urban areas were 421.11, 427.67, and 430 ppm, respectively. Moreover, through the detailed analysis of the data obtained from the UGGA, the influence of pollution levels on the CO2 concentration was also studied. During the whole flight campaign, March 18 was heavily polluted with an Air Quality Index (AQI) of 175 and PM2.5 of 131. The Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) reported by a sun photometer installed at the Funning ground station was 1.28. Compared to the other days, the CO2 concentration measured by UGGA at different heights was the largest on March 18 with an average value of 422.59 ppm, that was about 10 ppm higher than the measurements recorded on March 16. Moreover, the vertical profiles of Orbiting Carbon observatory-2 (OCO-2) OCO-2 and CarbonTracker were also compared with the aircraft measurements. All the datasets showed a similar variation trend with some differences in their CO2 concentrations, which proved the existence of a good agreement among them.
What caused the frequent and widespread occurrences of noctilucent clouds at middle latitudes in 2020?
Authors: Dalin Peter , Suzuki Hidehiko , Pertsev Nikolay , Perminov Vladimir , Shevchuk Nikita , Tsimerinov Egor , Zalcik Mark , Brausch Jay , McEwan Tom , McEachran Iain , Connors Martin , Schofield Ian , Dubietis Audrius , Černis Kazimieras , Zadorozhny Alexander , Solodovnik Andrey , Lifatova Daria , Grønne Jesper , Hansen Ole , Andersen Holger , Melnikov Dmitry , Manevich Alexander , Gusev Nikolay , Romejko Vitaly
Published: June 2021

Abstract. The 2020 summer season has revealed frequent occurrences of noctilucent clouds (NLCs) around the Northern hemisphere at middle latitudes (45–55° N), with the lowest latitude at which NLCs were seen being 34.1° N. In order to investigate a reason for this NLC extraordinary summer season, we have analyzed long-term Aura/MLS satellite data for all available summer periods from 2005 to 2020. Both Aura/MLS summer temperature and water vapor in the upper mesosphere and the mesopause region, between 74 and 89 km altitude, have been considered. We have found that there has been a moderate decrease in the upper mesosphere temperature between 2016 and 2020 and no dramatic changes have been observed in temperature in the summer of 2020 at the middle latitude mesopause. At the same time, water vapor concentration has significantly increased (by about 12–15 %) in the zonal mean H2O value in the 2020 summer compared to 2017, meaning that the summer mesopause at middle latitudes has become more wet. At the same time, no increase in water vapor has been detected at the high latitude high altitude mesopause. A combination of lower mesopause temperature and water vapor concentration maximum at middle latitudes is the main reason for frequent and widespread occurrences of NLCs seen around the globe at middle latitudes in the summer of 2020. The 24th solar cycle minimum cannot explain the H2O maximum in 2020 since the correlation between Lyman-α flux and the amount of water vapor is low. The increase in volcanic activity from 2013 to 2015 (and its recent maximum occurred in 2015) explains the increased amount of water vapor in the upper mesosphere for the past years and its maximum in 2020 due to volcanic water vapor being injected into the atmosphere and transported into the upper mesosphere. The 5-year delay between volcanic activity and water vapor maximum is well explained by a general meridional-vertical atmospheric circulation.
Seasonality of nitrogen sources, cycling, and loading in a New England river discerned from nitrate isotope ratios
Authors: Rollinson Veronica R. , Granger Julie , Clark Sydney C. , Blanusa Mackenzie L. , Koerting Claudia P. , Vaudrey Jamie M. P. , Treibergs Lija A. , Westbrook Holly C. , Matassa Catherine M. , Hastings Meredith G. , Tobias Craig R.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Coastal waters globally are increasingly impacted due to the anthropogenic
loading of nitrogen (N) from the watershed. To assess dominant sources
contributing to the eutrophication of the Little Narragansett Bay estuary in
New England, we carried out an annual study of N loading from the Pawcatuck
River. We conducted weekly monitoring of nutrients and nitrate
(NO3-) isotope ratios (15N / 14N, 18O / 16O, and
17O / 16O) at the mouth of the river and from the larger of two
wastewater treatment facilities (WWTFs) along the estuary, as well as
seasonal along-river surveys. Our observations reveal a direct relationship
between N loading and the magnitude of river discharge and a consequent
seasonality to N loading into the estuary – rendering loading from the
WWTFs and from an industrial site more important at lower river flows during
warmer months, comprising ∼ 23 % and ∼ 18 % of N loading,
respectively. Riverine nutrients derived predominantly from deeper
groundwater and the industrial point source upriver in summer and from
shallower groundwater and surface flow during colder months – wherein
NO3- associated with deeper groundwater had higher
15N / 14N ratios than shallower groundwater. Corresponding
NO3- 18O / 16O ratios were lower during the warm season,
due to increased biological cycling in-river. Uncycled atmospheric
NO3-, detected from its unique mass-independent NO3-
17O / 16O vs. 18O / 16O fractionation, accounted for
< 3 % of riverine NO3-, even at elevated discharge.
Along-river, NO3- 15N / 14N ratios showed a correspondence
to regional land use, increasing from agricultural and forested catchments
to the more urbanized watershed downriver. The evolution of
18O / 16O isotope ratios along-river conformed to the notion of
nutrient spiraling, reflecting the input of NO3- from the
catchment and from in-river nitrification and its coincident removal by
biological consumption. These findings stress the importance of considering
seasonality of riverine N sources and loading to mitigate eutrophication in
receiving estuaries. Our study further advances a conceptual framework that
reconciles with the current theory of riverine nutrient cycling, from which
to robustly interpret NO3- isotope ratios to constrain cycling and
source partitioning in river systems.
Biogeochemical controls on wintertime ammonium accumulation in the surface layer of the Southern Ocean
Authors: Smith Shantelle , Altieri Katye E. , Mdutyana Mhlangabezi , Walker David R. , Parrott Ruan G. , Spence Kurt A. M. , Burger Jessica M. , Fawcett Sarah E.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. The production and consumption of ammonium (NH4+) are essential upper-ocean nitrogen cycle pathways, yet in the Southern Ocean where NH4+ has been observed to accumulate in surface waters, its mixed-layer cycling remains poorly understood. For surface samples collected between Cape Town and the marginal ice zone (MIZ) in winter 2017, we found that NH4+ concentrations were five-fold higher than is typical for summer, and lower north than south of the Subantarctic Front (SAF; 0.01–0.26 µM versus 0.19–0.70 µM). Our observations confirm that NH4+ accumulates in the Southern Ocean’s winter mixed layer, particularly in polar waters. NH4+ uptake rates were highest near the Polar Front (PF; 12.9 ± 0.4 nM day−1) and in the Subantarctic Zone (10.0 ± 1.5 nM day−1), decreasing towards the MIZ (3.0 ± 0.8 nM day−1) despite high ambient NH4+ concentrations, likely due to low sea surface temperatures and light availability. By contrast, rates of NH4+ oxidation were higher south than north of the PF (16.0 ± 0.8 versus 11.1 ± 0.5 nM day−1), perhaps due to the lower light and higher iron conditions characteristic of polar waters. Augmenting our dataset with NH4+ concentration measurements spanning the 2018/2019 annual cycle reveals that mixed-layer NH4+ accumulation south of the SAF likely derives from sustained heterotrophic NH4+ production in late summer through winter that outpaces NH4+ consumption by temperature-, light, and iron-limited microorganisms. Our observations thus imply that the Southern Ocean becomes a biological source of CO2 to the atmosphere for half the year not only because nitrate drawdown is weak, but also because the ambient conditions favour net heterotrophy and NH4+ accumulation.
Process-based analysis of terrestrial carbon flux predictability
Authors: Dunkl István , Spring Aaron , Friedlingstein Pierre , Brovkin Victor
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Despite efforts to decrease the discrepancy between simulated and observed terrestrial carbon fluxes, the uncertainty in trends and patterns of the land carbon fluxes remains high. This difficulty raises the question to what extent the terrestrial carbon cycle is predictable, and which processes explain the predictability. Here, the perfect model approach is used to assess the potential predictability of net primary production (NPPpred) and heterotrophic respiration (Rhpred) by using ensemble simulations conducted with the Max-Planck-Institute Earth System Model. In order to asses the role of local carbon flux predictability (CFpred) on the predictability of the global carbon cycle, we suggest a new predictability metric weighted by the amplitude of the flux anomalies. Regression analysis is used to determine the contribution of the predictability of different environmental drivers to NPPpred and Rhpred (soil moisture, air temperature and radiation for NPP and soil organic carbon, air temperature and precipitation for Rh). NPPpred is driven to 62 and 30 % by the predictability of soil moisture and temperature, respectively. Rhpred is driven to 52 and 27 % by the predictability of soil organic carbon temperature, respectively. The decomposition of predictability shows that the relatively high Rhpred compared to NPPpred is due to the generally high predictability of soil organic carbon. The seasonality in NPPpred and Rhpred patterns can be explained by the change in limiting factors over the wet and dry months. Consequently, CFpred is controlled by the predictability of the currently limiting environmental factor. Differences in CFpred between ensemble simulations can be attributed to the occurrence of wet and dry years, which influences the predictability of soil moisture and temperature. This variability of predictability is caused by the state dependency of ecosystem processes. Our results reveal the crucial regions and ecosystem processes to be considered when initializing a carbon prediction system.
Past and future trends in fire weather for the UK
Authors: Perry Matthew Charles , Vanvyve Emilie , Betts Richard A. , Palin Erika J.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Past and future trends in the frequency of high danger fire weather conditions have been analysed for the UK. An analysis of satellite-derived burned area data from the last 18 years has identified the seasonal cycle with a peak in spring and a secondary peak in summer, the high level of interannual variability, and the lack of a significant trend despite some large events occurring in the last few years. These results were confirmed with a longer series of fire weather indices back to 1979. The Initial Spread Index (ISI) has been used for spring, as this reflects the moisture of fine fuel surface vegetation, whereas conditions conducive to summer wildfires are hot, dry weather reflected in the moisture of deeper organic layers which is encompassed in the Fire Weather Index (FWI). Future projections are assessed using an ensemble of regional climate models from the UK Climate Projections, combining variables to derive the fire weather indices. The results show a large increase in hazardous fire weather conditions in summer. At 2 °C global warming relative to 1850–1900, the frequency of days with “very high” fire danger is projected to double compared to a recent historical period. This frequency increases by 5 times at 4 °C of global warming. Smaller increases are projected for spring, with a 150 % increase for England at 2 °C of global warming and a doubling at 4 °C. A particularly large projected increase for late summer and early autumn suggests a possible extension of the wildfire season, depending on fuel availability. These results suggest that wildfire can be considered an “emergent risk” for the UK, as past events have not had widespread major impacts, but this could change in future. The large increase in risk between the 2 °C and 4 °C levels of global warming highlights the importance of global efforts to keep warming below 2 °C.