bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Short-term causal effects of common treatments in ambulatory children and young adults with cerebral palsy: three machine learning estimates
Authors: Schwartz Michael H. , Ries Andrew J. , Georgiadis Andrew G.
Published: May 2022

Orthopedic and neurological impairments (e.g., muscle contractures, spasticity) are often treated in children and young adults with cerebral palsy (CP). Due to challenges arising from combinatorics, research funding priorities, and medical practicalities, and despite extensive study, the evidence base is weak. Our goal was to estimate the short-term effectiveness of 13 common orthopedic and neurological treatments at four different levels of outcome in children and young adults diagnosed with CP. The outcome levels considered were body structures, specific gait kinematic deviations, overall gait kinematic deviations, and functional mobility. We used three well-establish causal inference approaches (direct matching, virtual twins, and Bayesian causal forests) and a large clinical gait analysis database to estimate the average treatment effect on the treated (ATT). We then examined the effectiveness across treatments, methods, and outcome levels. The dataset consisted of 2851 limbs from 933 individuals (some individuals underwent multiple treatment episodes). Current treatments have medium effects on body structures, but modest to minimal effects on gait and functional mobility. The median ATT of 13 common treatments in children and young adults with CP, measured as Cohen’s D, bordered on medium at the body structures level (median [IQR] = 0.42 [0.05, 0.60]) and became smaller as we moved along the causal chain through specific kinematic deviations (0.21 [0.01, 0.33]), overall kinematic deviations (0.09 [0.03, 0.19]), and functional mobility (-0.01 [-0.06, 0.13]). Further work is needed to understand the source of heterogeneous treatment effects, which are large in this patient population. Replication or refutation of these findings by other centers will be valuable to establish the generalizability of these results and for benchmarking of best practices.
A ultrasound-based radiomic approach to predict the nodal status in clinically negative breast cancer patients
Authors: Bove Samantha , Comes Maria Colomba , Lorusso Vito , Cristofaro Cristian , Didonna Vittorio , Gatta Gianluca , Giotta Francesco , La Forgia Daniele , Latorre Agnese , Pastena Maria Irene , Petruzzellis Nicole , Pomarico Domenico , Rinaldi Lucia , Tamborra Pasquale , Zito Alfredo , Fanizzi Annarita , Massafra Raffaella
Published: May 2022

In breast cancer patients, an accurate detection of the axillary lymph node metastasis status is essential for reducing distant metastasis occurrence probabilities. In case of patients resulted negative at both clinical and instrumental examination, the nodal status is commonly evaluated performing the sentinel lymph-node biopsy, that is a time-consuming and expensive intraoperative procedure for the sentinel lymph-node (SLN) status assessment. The aim of this study was to predict the nodal status of 142 clinically negative breast cancer patients by means of both clinical and radiomic features extracted from primary breast tumor ultrasound images acquired at diagnosis. First, different regions of interest (ROIs) were segmented and a radiomic analysis was performed on each ROI. Then, clinical and radiomic features were evaluated separately developing two different machine learning models based on an SVM classifier. Finally, their predictive power was estimated jointly implementing a soft voting technique. The experimental results showed that the model obtained by combining clinical and radiomic features provided the best performances, achieving an AUC value of 88.6%, an accuracy of 82.1%, a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 78.2%. The proposed model represents a promising non-invasive procedure for the SLN status prediction in clinically negative patients.
Biomechanical comparison of the femoral neck system and the dynamic hip screw in basicervical femoral neck fractures
Authors: Moon Jun-Ki , Lee Jung Il , Hwang Kyu-Tae , Yang Jae-Hyuk , Park Ye-Soo , Park Ki-Chul
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this study was to compare the fixation stability of proximal fragments and the mechanical characteristics in proximal femur models of basicervical femoral neck fracture fixed by the femoral neck system (FNS) versus the dynamic hip screw. The mean axial stiffness was 234 ± 35 N/mm in the FNS group and 253 ± 42 N/mm in the DHS group, showing no significant difference (p = 0.654). Mean values for x-axis rotation, y-axis rotation, and z-axis rotation after cycle load were 2.2 ± 0.5°, 6.5 ± 1.5°, and 2.5 ± 0.6°, respectively, in the FNS group and 2.5 ± 0.7°, 5.8 ± 2.1°, and 2.2 ± 0.9°, respectively, in the DHS group, showing no significant differences (p = 0.324, p = 0.245, and p = 0.312, respectively). The mean values of cranial and axial migration of screws within the femoral head were 1.5 ± 0.3 and 2.1 ± 0.2 mm, respectively, in the FNS group and 1.2 ± 0.3 and 2.4 ± 0.3 mm, respectively, in the DHS group, showing no significant differences (p = 0.425 and p = 0.625, respectively). The average failure load at vertical load was 1342 ± 201 N in the FNS group and 1450 ± 196 N in the DHS group, showing no significant difference (p = 0.452). FNS fixation might provide biomechanical stability comparable to that of DHS for treating displaced basicervical femoral neck fractures in young adults.
Metabolomic spectra for phenotypic prediction of malting quality in spring barley
Authors: Guo Xiangyu , Jahoor Ahmed , Jensen Just , Sarup Pernille
Published: May 2022

We investigated prediction of malting quality (MQ) phenotypes in different locations using metabolomic spectra, and compared the prediction ability of different models, and training population (TP) sizes. Data of five MQ traits was measured on 2667 individual plots of 564 malting spring barley lines from three years and two locations. A total of 24,018 metabolomic features (MFs) were measured on each wort sample. Two statistical models were used, a metabolomic best linear unbiased prediction (MBLUP) and a partial least squares regression (PLSR). Predictive ability within location and across locations were compared using cross-validation methods. For all traits, more than 90% of the total variance in MQ traits could be explained by MFs. The prediction accuracy increased with increasing TP size and stabilized when the TP size reached 1000. The optimal number of components considered in the PLSR models was 20. The accuracy using leave-one-line-out cross-validation ranged from 0.722 to 0.865 and using leave-one-location-out cross-validation from 0.517 to 0.817. In conclusion, the prediction accuracy of metabolomic prediction of MQ traits using MFs was high and MBLUP is better than PLSR if the training population is larger than 100. The results have significant implications for practical barley breeding for malting quality.
Hierarchical network analysis of co-occurring bioentities in literature
Authors: Yang Heejung , Lee Namgil , Park Beomjun , Park Jinyoung , Lee Jiho , Jang Hyeon Seok , Yoo Hojin
Published: May 2022

Biomedical databases grow by more than a thousand new publications every day. The large volume of biomedical literature that is being published at an unprecedented rate hinders the discovery of relevant knowledge from keywords of interest to gather new insights and form hypotheses. A text-mining tool, PubTator, helps to automatically annotate bioentities, such as species, chemicals, genes, and diseases, from PubMed abstracts and full-text articles. However, the manual re-organization and analysis of bioentities is a non-trivial and highly time-consuming task. ChexMix was designed to extract the unique identifiers of bioentities from query results. Herein, ChexMix was used to construct a taxonomic tree with allied species among Korean native plants and to extract the medical subject headings unique identifier of the bioentities, which co-occurred with the keywords in the same literature. ChexMix discovered the allied species related to a keyword of interest and experimentally proved its usefulness for multi-species analysis.
Modification of the vacuum-steam thawing method of meat by using the initial stage of sublimation dehydration
Authors: Kopeć Adam , Mierzejewska Sylwia , Bać Aldona , Diakun Jarosław , Piepiórka-Stepuk Joanna
Published: May 2022

Vacuum-steam thawing is one of the methods used for defrosting food, realized in the atmosphere of water vapour under the conditions of reduced pressure. The water vapour formed in vacuum with the temperature of 20 °C fills the defrosting chamber and condenses on the surface of the defrosted product. The condensated steam has the role of thermal energy carried enabling product thawing. The study presents a modification of this method, introducing an additional stage of sublimation-dehydration vacuum steam thawing (SRVST). The study was carried out for different variants of initial sublimation degree (in the range from 0 to 15%) of a slice of pork loin (m. longissimus lumborum) assessing the final effect of the process of vacuum-steam thawing. Thawing kinetics was determined with the SRVST method, degree of sample defrosting and level of their rehydration. Based on the results it was demonstrated that the use of 12% sublimation dehydration of a meat sample enables its complete defrosting (reaching the temperature not exceeding the cryoscopic temperature).
Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin as a prognostic biomarker of severe acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Son Eunjeong , Cho Woo Hyun , Jang Jin Ho , Kim Taehwa , Jeon Doosoo , Kim Yun Seong , Yeo Hye Ju
Published: May 2022

Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is produced in the bronchial and alveolar cells of inflamed lungs and is regarded as a potential prognostic biomarker in various respiratory diseases. However, there are no studies on patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). NGAL levels in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were measured at baseline and on day 7 in 110 patients with ARDS. Baseline NGAL levels were significantly higher in ARDS patients than in healthy controls (serum 25 [14.5–41] vs. 214 [114.5–250.3] ng/mL; BAL 90 [65–115] vs. 211 [124–244] ng/mL). In ARDS, baseline NGAL levels in serum and BAL were significantly higher in non-survivors than in survivors (p < 0.001 and p = 0.021, respectively). Baseline NGAL levels showed a fair predictive power for intensive care unit (ICU) mortality (serum area under the curve (AUC) 0.747, p < 0.001; BAL AUC 0.768, p < 0.001). In a multivariate Cox regression analysis, the baseline serum NGAL level (> 240 ng/mL) was significantly associated with ICU mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 5.39, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.67–10.85, p < 0.001). In particular, day 7 NGAL was significantly correlated with day 7 driving pressure (serum r = 0.388, BAL r = 0.702), and 28 ventilator-free days (serum r = − 0.298, BAL r = − 0.297). Baseline NGAL has good prognostic value for ICU mortality in patients with ARDS. NGAL can be a biomarker for ventilator requirement, as it may be indicative of potential alveolar epithelial injury.
Rat prostate tumors induce DNA synthesis in remote organs
Authors: Halin Bergström Sofia , Lundholm Marie , Nordstrand Annika , Bergh Anders
Published: May 2022

Advanced cancers induce systemic responses. However, if such systemic changes occur already when aggressive tumors are small, have not been thoroughly characterized. Here, we examined how localized prostate cancers of different sizes and metastatic potential affected DNA synthesis in the rest of the prostate and in various remote organs. Non-metastatic Dunning R-3327 G (G) tumor cells, metastatic MatLyLu (MLL) tumor cells, or vehicle were injected into the prostate of immunocompetent rats. All animals received daily injections of Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), to label cells/daughter cells with active DNA synthesis. Equal sized G- and MLL-tumors, similarly increased BrdU-labeling in the prostate, lymph nodes and liver compared to tumor-free controls. Prior to metastasis, MLL-tumors also increased BrdU-labeling in bone marrow and lungs compared to animals with G-tumors or controls. In animals with MLL-tumors, BrdU-labeling in prostate, lungs, brown adipose tissue and skeletal muscles increased in a tumor-size-dependent way. Furthermore, MLL-tumors induced increased signs of DNA damage (γH2AX staining) and accumulation of CD68 + macrophages in the lungs. In conclusion, small localized prostate cancers increased DNA synthesis in several remote tissues in a tumor type- and size-dependent way. This may suggest the possibility for early diagnosis of aggressive prostate cancer by examining tumor-induced effects in other tissues.
The transcription factor PREP1(PKNOX1) regulates nuclear stiffness, the expression of LINC complex proteins and mechanotransduction
Authors: Purushothaman Divya , Bianchi Laura F. , Penkov Dmitry , Poli Alessandro , Li Qingsen , Vermezovic Jelena , Pramotton Francesca M. , Choudhary Ramveer , Pennacchio Fabrizio A. , Sommariva Elena , Foiani Marco , Gauthier Nils , Maiuri Paolo , Blasi Francesco
Published: May 2022

Mechanosignaling, initiated by extracellular forces and propagated through the intracellular cytoskeletal network, triggers signaling cascades employed in processes as embryogenesis, tissue maintenance and disease development. While signal transduction by transcription factors occurs downstream of cellular mechanosensing, little is known about the cell intrinsic mechanisms that can regulate mechanosignaling. Here we show that transcription factor PREP1 (PKNOX1) regulates the stiffness of the nucleus, the expression of LINC complex proteins and mechanotransduction of YAP-TAZ. PREP1 depletion upsets the nuclear membrane protein stoichiometry and renders nuclei soft. Intriguingly, these cells display fortified actomyosin network with bigger focal adhesion complexes resulting in greater traction forces at the substratum. Despite the high traction, YAP-TAZ translocation is impaired indicating disrupted mechanotransduction. Our data demonstrate mechanosignaling upstream of YAP-TAZ and suggest the existence of a transcriptional mechanism actively regulating nuclear membrane homeostasis and signal transduction through the active engagement/disengagement of the cell from the extracellular matrix.
Porphyrin-based supramolecular nanofibres as a dynamic and activatable photosensitiser for photodynamic therapy
Authors: Casellas Nicolás M. , Dai Gaole , Xue Evelyn Y. , Jesús Vicente-Arana M. , Ng Dennis K. P. , Torres Tomás , García-Iglesias Miguel
Published: May 2022

A novel one-component porphyrin-based dynamic supramolecular nanophotosensitising system can be internalised by cancer cells and activated upon disassembly causing a high photocytotoxicity.
Copper-catalyzed asymmetric 1,6-conjugate addition of in situ generated para-quinone methides with β-ketoesters
Authors: Wang Yi-Feng , Wang Chao-Jie , Feng Qing-Zhou , Zhai Jing-Jing , Qi Suo-Suo , Zhong Ai-Guo , Chu Ming-Ming , Xu Dan-Qian
Published: May 2022

The first example of transition metal catalyzed asymmetric transformations of the in situ generated p-QMs has been developed, avoiding using pre-synthesized p-QMs requiring bulky 2,6-substitutions.
All-electron many-body approach to resonant inelastic X-ray scattering
Authors: Vorwerk Christian , Sottile Francesco , Draxl Claudia
Published: May 2022

An all-electron Bethe–Salpeter equation framework reveals the interplay of correlation and coherence in the resonant inelastic X-ray scattering in solids.
Introducing oxygen vacancies to NiFe LDH through electrochemical reduction to promote the oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Hou Xiaoman , Li Jing , Zheng Jian , Li Luming , Chu Wei
Published: May 2022

The transition metal hydroxide NiFe LDH is a promising oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalyst.
Zero-field slow magnetic relaxation behavior of Zn2Dy in a family of trinuclear near-linear Zn2Ln complexes: synthesis, experimental and theoretical investigations
Authors: Ahmed Naushad , Ansari Kamal Uddin
Published: May 2022

In the series of Schiff base supported Zn2Ln complexes 1-La–6-Dy, the SIM behavior observed only for 6-Dy (Ueff = 43.7 K). The ab initio theoretical calculations rationalized the experimentally observed magnetic behaviors for all.
Powering a microprocessor by photosynthesis
Authors: Bombelli P. , Savanth A. , Scarampi A. , Rowden S. J. L. , Green D. H. , Erbe A. , Årstøl E. , Jevremovic I. , Hohmann-Marriott M. F. , Trasatti S. P. , Ozer E. , Howe C. J.
Published: May 2022

A photosynthesis-driven biophotovoltaic system with an Al-anode powered a microprocessor widely used in IoT applications stably for over six months.
Further characterizing Eppawala-AP as a potential Cl-rich apatite Sr isotope reference material
Authors: Yang Lan , Li Yang , Wang Fang-Yue , Gu Hai-Ou , Zhang Wen , Feng Lan-Ping , Li Chao-Feng , Hu Zhao-Chu , Li Xian-Hua
Published: May 2022

Eppawala-AP is investigated as the first chlorine and strontium rich apatite reference material for Sr isotope microanalysis, and can also be used as a working reference for in situ Nd isotope and trace element analysis.
High-throughput digital pathology via a handheld, multiplexed, and AI-powered ptychographic whole slide scanner
Authors: Jiang Shaowei , Guo Chengfei , Song Pengming , Wang Tianbo , Wang Ruihai , Zhang Terrance , Wu Qian , Pandey Rishikesh , Zheng Guoan
Published: May 2022

The handheld, do-it-yourself ptychographic whole slide scanner for high-throughput digital pathology applications.
Syntheses and structural and serum protein protecting activity of ruthenium(ii)–DMSO complexes containing a mercapto ligand
Authors: Dubey Santosh Kumar , Khatkar Sunita , Trivedi Manoj , Gulati Shikha , Kumar Sanjay , Rath Nigam P. , Kumar Satish , Lakhia Raman , Ragav Neera , Kaur Sumanjeet
Published: May 2022

Syntheses and spectral and structural characterization of four new ruthenium(ii) complexes [Ru(mpt)2(DMSO)2] (1), [Ru(mpt)2(bpy)] (2), [Ru(mpt)2(phen)] (3) and [Ru(mpt)2(tptz)] (4) and their serum protein protecting activity have been reported.
Passion fruit-like microspheres of FeS2 wrapped with carbon as an excellent fast charging material for supercapacitors
Authors: Liu Xuexia , Deng Weizhen , Liu Limin , Wang Yinfeng , Huang Chunfang , Wang Zhijun
Published: May 2022

Passion fruit-like FeS2@Carbon microspheres are prepared as excellent fast-charging electrode materials for supercapacitors.
Protein corona-coated immunomagnetic nanoparticles with enhanced isolation of circulating tumor cells
Authors: Jiang Xinbang , Zhang Xiangyun , Guo Chen , Yu Yameng , Ma Boya , Liu Zhuang , Chai Yamin , Wang Lichun , Du Yunzheng , Wang Biao , Li Nan , Dong Dong , Li Yueguo , Huang Xinglu , Ou Lailiang
Published: May 2022

Schematic illustrations of the preparation of IC-MNs for enhanced isolation of CTCs.
Interface and electronic structure engineering induced Prussian blue analogues with ultra-stable capability for aqueous NH4+storage
Authors: Hou Wenxiu , Yan Chao , Shao Panrun , Dai Kun , Yang Jun
Published: May 2022

The cubic shaped PNFF-60 fabricated by a one-stepin situPANI polymerization with PBAs shows potential applications in aqueous ammonium ion batteries and unambiguous electrochemical reaction mechanisms.
Synthesis of 4-(organoselenyl) oxazolones via cyclization of N-alkynyl ethylcarbamates promoted by organoselenium
Authors: Goulart Tales A. C. , Recchi Ana Maria S. , Back Davi Fernando , Zeni Gilson
Published: May 2022

Organoselenyl iodide promoted the intramolecular nucleophilic cyclization of N-alkynyl ethylcarbamates in the synthesis of 4-(organoselenyl) oxazolones.
Combining flow synthesis and heterogeneous catalysis for the preparation of conjugated polymers
Authors: Jin Seung-Hwan , Ko Wonyoung , Lee Seungjun , Hwang Ye-Jin
Published: May 2022

We report the first successful synthesis of a conjugated polymer using a heterogeneous palladium catalyst in a flow system. The resulting polymer with an Mn of 13.6 kDa and high reproducibility shows the great potential of this system.
The pioneering role of metal–organic framework-5 in ever-growing contemporary applications – a review
Authors: Gangu Kranthi Kumar , Maddila Suresh , Jonnalagadda Sreekantha B.
Published: May 2022

MOF-5 with a Zn(ii) cluster and terephthalic acid is a distinctive porous material among the metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), with unique physical, chemical and mechanical properties.
Rational design of M–N4–Gr/V2C heterostructures as highly active ORR catalysts: a density functional theory study
Authors: Chen Yunjian , Jiang Qi , Bai Xue , Shan Pengyue , Liu Tong , Wang Yazhou , Cui Hong , Feng Rong , Kang Qin , Liang Zhiyong , Yuan Hongkuan
Published: May 2022

Heterostructures (M-N4-Gr/V2C) of eight different transition metals (M = Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn) were designed as potential catalysts for oxygen reduction reactions (ORR).
Amino acids with fluorescent tetrazine ethers as bioorthogonal handles for peptide modification
Authors: Ros Enric , Bellido Marina , Matarin Joan A. , Gallen Albert , Martínez Manuel , Rodríguez Laura , Verdaguer Xavier , Ribas de Pouplana Lluís , Riera Antoni
Published: May 2022

Octreotide derivatized with the fluorogenic amino acid 6-methyltetratrazinyl tryosine. Emission spectra before and after the iEDDA cycloaddition.
Customising excitation properties of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by rational positional heteroatom doping: theperi-xanthenoxanthene (PXX) case
Authors: Valentini Cataldo , Gowland Duncan , Bezzu C. Grazia , Romito Deborah , Demitri Nicola , Bonini Nicola , Bonifazi Davide
Published: May 2022

In this paper we tackle the challenge of gaining control of the photophysical properties of PAHs through a site-specific N-doping within the structural aromatic framework.
Nickel-catalyzed cross-electrophile allylation of vinyl bromides and the modification of anti-tumour natural medicine β-elemene
Authors: Ye Yang , Qi Xiang , Xu Bing , Lin Ying , Xiang Huan , Zou Liang , Ye Xiang-Yang , Xie Tian
Published: May 2022

Herein, we present a facile and efficient allylation methodviaNi-catalyzed cross-electrophile coupling of readily available allylic acetates with a variety of substituted alkenyl bromides using zinc as the terminal reductant.
One-step synthesis of CeFeO3 nanoparticles on porous nanocarbon frameworks derived from ZIF-8 for a boosted oxygen reduction reaction in pH universal electrolytes
Authors: Zhang Zikuan , Zhang Haixia , Hou Ying , Liu Peizhi , Hao Xiaodong , Liu Yanzhen , Xu Bingshe , Guo Junjie
Published: May 2022

An N-doped porous nanocarbon framework supported perovskite CeFeO3 nanoparticle catalyst (Ce–Fe/NC) is fabricated by a facile one-step route. It exhibits outstanding ORR performance in pH universal electrolytes and excellent performance in zinc–air batteries.
No-nonsense: insights into the functional interplay of nonsense-mediated mRNA decay factors
Authors: Mailliot Justine , Vivoli-Vega Mirella , Schaffitzel Christiane
Published: May 2022

Nonsense-mediated messenger RNA decay (NMD) represents one of the main surveillance pathways used by eukaryotic cells to control the quality and abundance of mRNAs and to degrade viral RNA. NMD recognises mRNAs with a premature termination codon (PTC) and targets them to decay. Markers for a mRNA with a PTC, and thus NMD, are a long a 3′-untranslated region and the presence of an exon-junction complex (EJC) downstream of the stop codon. Here, we review our structural understanding of mammalian NMD factors and their functional interplay leading to a branched network of different interconnected but specialised mRNA decay pathways. We discuss recent insights into the potential impact of EJC composition on NMD pathway choice. We highlight the coexistence and function of different isoforms of up-frameshift protein 1 (UPF1) with an emphasis of their role at the endoplasmic reticulum and during stress, and the role of the paralogs UPF3B and UPF3A, underscoring that gene regulation by mammalian NMD is tightly controlled and context-dependent being conditional on developmental stage, tissue and cell types.
Characterisation of the stellar content of SDSS EELGs through self-consistent spectral modelling
Authors: Breda Iris , Vilchez José M. , Papaderos Polychronis , Cardoso Leandro , Amorin Ricardo O. , Arroyo-Polonio Antonio , Iglesias-Páramo Jorge , Kehrig Carolina , Pérez-Montero Enrique
Published: May 2022

Extreme emission line galaxies (EELGs) are a notable galaxy genus, ultimately being regarded as local prototypes of early galaxies at the cosmic noon. Robust characterisation of their stellar content, however, is hindered by the exceptionally high nebular emission present in their optical spectroscopic data. This study is dedicated into recovering the stellar properties of a sample of 414 EELGs as observed by the SDSS Survey. Such is achieved by means of the spectral synthesis code FADO, which self-consistently considers the stellar and nebular emission in an optical spectrum. Additionally, a comparative analysis was carried on, by further processing the EELGs sample with the purely stellar spectral synthesis code STARLIGHT, and by extending the analysis to a sample of 697 normal star-forming galaxies, expected to be less affected by nebular contribution. We find that, for both galaxy samples, stellar mass and mean age estimates by STARLIGHT are systematically biased towards higher values, and that an adequate determination of the physical and evolutionary properties of EELGs via spectral synthesis is only possible when nebular continuum emission is taken into account. Moreover, the differences between the two population synthesis codes can be ascribed to the degree of star-formation activity through the specific star-formation rate and the sum of the flux of the most prominent emission lines. As expected, on the basis of the theoretical framework, our results emphasise the importance of considering the nebular emission while performing spectral synthesis, even for galaxies hosting typical levels of star-formation activity.
Nichtinvasiver Pränataltest zur Bestimmung des fetalen Rhesusfaktors
Authors: Legler Tobias J. , Bauerschmitz Gerd J. , Frohn Christoph
Published: May 2022

Seit dem 01.07.2021 soll in Deutschland die präpartale Anti-D-Prophylaxe in Abhängigkeit vom Ergebnis des nichtinvasiven Pränataltests zur Bestimmung des fetalen Rhesusfaktors (NIPT-RhD) verabreicht werden. In der Praxis ergeben sich gelegentlich Fragen zur Bewertung der Testergebnisse, die auf die Komplexität des Rhesus-Blutgruppensystems zurückzuführen sind. Antworten auf diese und andere Fragen zum NIPT-RhD gibt dieser Beitrag.
Differenzialdiagnose der Erythrozytose – Ursachen und klinische Bedeutung
Authors: Wille Kai , Sadjadian Parvis , Griesshammer Martin
Published: May 2022

Aufgrund ihres seltenen Auftretens stellt die Erythrozytose häufig eine Herausforderung für die behandelnden Ärzte dar. Die Erythropoese (= Produktion von Erythrozyten) ist im Knochenmark
angesiedelt, und das Hormon Erythropoetin (EPO) übernimmt die Kontrolle über ihre Regulation. Daher ist die Messung von EPO im Serum einer der wichtigsten diagnostischen Schritte. Bei der
Erythrozytose muss zwischen angeborenen und erworbenen Ursachen unterschieden werden. Darüber hinaus gibt es primäre und sekundäre Formen. Angeborene Ursachen von Erythrozytosen treten sehr
selten auf, werden meist in jungen Jahren diagnostiziert und sollten in spezialisierten Zentren behandelt werden. Die Polycythaemia vera (PV), eine klonale Störung und eine der wichtigsten
myeloproliferativen Neoplasien (neben der essenziellen Thrombozythämie und der primären Myelofibrose), stellt die häufigste primär erworbene Ursache für Erythrozytosen dar. Klinisch treten
eine erhöhte Thrombophilie und mikrovaskuläre Störungen auf. Die Initialtherapie bei Patienten mit PV umfasst die Verabreichung von Aspirin und Aderlass-Therapie. Sekundär erworbene Formen
der Erythrozytose treten vor allem aufgrund einer durch Nikotinabusus oder chronische Herz- und Lungenerkrankungen ausgelösten Hypoxie auf. Als weitere Differenzialdiagnosen müssen eine
tumorbedingte EPO-Produktion, Nierenerkrankungen oder eine exogene Zufuhr von EPO (= EPO-Doping) in Betracht gezogen werden.
Social Protection and Social Cohesion in Times of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Kenya
Authors: Strupat Christoph
Published: May 2022

This paper examines empirically whether social protection in the form of social assistance programmes are affecting social cohesion during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using unique primary data from nationally representative, in-person surveys from Kenya allows for the exploration of the effect of social protection on attributes of social cohesion. The analysis employs a difference-in-differences approach that compares households with and without social assistance coverage before and after the first wave of the pandemic. The main findings show that social assistance does not influence attributes of social cohesion. One potential explanation of this result is that social assistance benefits were in general too small to entirely offset the negative economic consequences of the pandemic. Overall, these results point to the limitations of social assistance programmes that do not necessarily affect social cohesion in times of large covariate shocks, such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
Revenue recognition and channel stuffing in the Taiwanese semiconductor industry
Authors: Kuo Chii-Shyan , Yu Jia-Jye , Chang Feng-Chen
Published: May 2022

This paper examines whether a new revenue recognition standard, namely International Financial Reporting Standard 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers (IFRS 15), incentivizes Taiwanese semiconductor companies to employ channel stuffing (CS) to meet or beat their earnings targets. By using a sample comprising 1399 firms listed on the Taiwanese Stock Exchange and over-the-counter markets between 2013 and 2019, we find that compared with Taiwanese firms in other sectors, semiconductor companies in Taiwan are more likely to employ CS to meet their earnings targets. Moreover, Taiwanese semiconductor companies have become more likely to use CS to meet their earnings targets since the implementation of IFRS 15. The obtained results pass a series of robustness checks and may help the potential driving forces for CS to be understood.
Flow loop provides new insights on viscosity of drilling fluid dispersions
Authors: Liebendorfer Adam
Published: May 2022

Power law parameters and custom design allow for better modeling of pressure drops and bore wall failure at higher concentrations of solids.
Realization of parallel experiments in a diamond anvil cell and their application to water–mineral interactions at high-pressure and high-temperature conditions
Authors: Jiang Runze , Lan Chunyuan , Du Jinxue , Tao Renbiao
Published: May 2022

Parallel experiments are normally used to compare different chemical systems and conditions simultaneously. In the field of high-pressure experimental science, parallel experiments are hard to realize due to very limited reaction chamber size for the generation of high-pressure conditions, especially in diamond anvil cells (DACs). Multiple holes, instead of a single hole, can be drilled into a gasket (i.e., multihole gasket technique) to realize parallel experiments in a DAC. In this study, we conducted a series of systematic calibration experiments on multihole gasket techniques using statistical methods. Multiple (two or three or four) holes 100 µm in diameter were symmetrically drilled into a gasket by a laser drilling instrument with the help of a coded Python program. The pressure deviations among different holes in a gasket at average pressures below 10 GPa are constrained to less than 0.2 GPa in all calibration experiments at room temperature. We further checked the influences of the gasket material, hole number, pre-indented gasket thickness, and temperature on the pressure deviations among different holes in a gasket. Finally, we applied the multihole gasket technique in a DAC experiment and compared the solubility of calcite in different chemical environments at the same pressure and temperature conditions. The experimental results showed that the multihole gasket technique could be widely applied to study water–mineral interactions at high-P (<10 GPa) and high-T (<700 °C) conditions because multiple parallel experiments can be efficiently realized simultaneously.
Activation characterization of a novel quinary alloy Ti–Zr–V–Hf–Nb non-evaporable getters by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
Authors: Wang Jie , Gao Yong , Hu Yaocheng , Zhang Jing , You Zhiming , Sun Qiuyu , Si Qingyu , Xu Zhanglian , Wang Sheng , Liu Guoming , Mi Aijun
Published: May 2022

The first results on the activation process and mechanisms of novel quinary alloy Ti–Zr–V–Hf–Nb non-evaporable getter (NEG) film coatings with copper substrates were presented. About 1.075 µm of Ti–Zr–V–Hf–Nb NEG film coating was deposited on the copper substrates by using the DC sputtering method. The NEG activation at 100, 150, and 180 °C, respectively, for 2 h was in situ characterized by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The as-deposited NEG film mainly comprised the high valence state metallic oxides and the sub-oxides, as well as a small number of metals. The in situ XPS studies indicated that the concentrations of the high-oxidized states of Ti, Zr, V, Hf, and Nb gradually decreased and that of the lower valence metallic oxides and metallic states increased in steps, when the activation temperature increased from 100 to 180 °C. This outcome manifested that these novel quinary alloy Ti–Zr–V–Hf–Nb NEG film coatings could be activated and used for producing ultra-high vacuum.
A neural network-assisted open boundary molecular dynamics simulation method
Authors: Floyd J. E. , Lukes J. R.
Published: May 2022

A neural network-assisted molecular dynamics method is developed to reduce the computational cost of open boundary simulations. Particle influxes and neural network-derived forces are applied at the boundaries of an open domain consisting of explicitly modeled Lennard-Jones atoms in order to represent the effects of the unmodeled surrounding fluid. Canonical ensemble simulations with periodic boundaries are used to train the neural network and to sample boundary fluxes. The method, as implemented in the LAMMPS, yields temperature, kinetic energy, potential energy, and pressure values within 2.5% of those calculated using periodic molecular dynamics and runs two orders of magnitude faster than a comparable grand canonical molecular dynamics system.
Nonlinear adiabatic electron plasma waves. II. Applications
Authors: Bénisti D. , Minenna D. F. G. , Tacu M. , Debayle A. , Gremillet L.
Published: May 2022

In this article, we use the general theory derived in Paper I [M. Tacu and D. Bénisti, Phys. Plasmas 29, 052108 (2022)] in order to address several long-standing issues regarding nonlinear electron plasma waves (EPWs). First, we discuss the relevance and practical usefulness of stationary solutions to the Vlasov–Poisson system, the so-called Bernstein–Greene–Kruskal modes, to model slowly varying waves. Second, we derive an upper bound for the wave breaking limit of an EPW growing in an initially Maxwellian plasma. Moreover, we show a simple dependence of this limit as a function of kλD, with k being the wavenumber and λD the Debye length. Third, we explicitly derive the envelope equation ruling the evolution of a slowly growing plasma wave, up to an amplitude close to the wave breaking limit. Fourth, we estimate the growth of the transverse wavenumbers resulting from wavefront bowing by solving the nonlinear, nonstationary, ray tracing equations for the EPW, together with a simple model for stimulated Raman scattering.
Development of the ZnO:Ga nanorod arrays as an alpha particle scintillation screen for the associated particle neutron generator
Authors: Chen Jia-Xuan , Hao Shu-Tong , Sun Zhi-Xiang , Zheng Pu , Tang Jian , Yang Yun-Ling , Zhang Shao-Lin , Liu Xiao-Lin , Zhao Jing-Tai , Li Qian-Li , Zhang Zhi-Jun
Published: May 2022

The development of associated alpha particle scintillation screen that takes into account high spatial resolution, ultrafast temporal resolution, and high signal-to-noise ratio is the key to promote the “fingerprint” technology in the field of explosive detection—the deuterium–tritium (D–T) reaction associated particle neutron generator (APNG). Herein, the highly uniform and densely packed ZnO:Ga nanorod arrays, as designed alpha particle scintillation screen for the APNG, is proposed and prepared on a ZnO-seeded substrate by a radio frequency magnetron sputtering and hydrothermal method. The simulation results show that the theoretical cutoff thickness is 7.6 μm for 3.5 MeV alpha particles, and the increase in array spacing is conducive to suppress transverse light output and improve its light output efficiency and spatial resolution simultaneously. Through hydrogen annealing treatment, the slow decay component is completely suppressed and the integrated intensity of the fast decay component with a rising edge response of 1 ns is significantly enhanced by nine times.
Inviscid damping of an elliptical vortex subject to an external strain flow
Authors: Wongwaitayakornkul P. , Danielson J. R. , Hurst N. C. , Dubin D. H. E. , Surko C. M.
Published: May 2022

Inviscid spatial Landau damping is studied experimentally for the case of oscillatory motion of a two-dimensional vortex about its elliptical equilibrium in the presence of an applied strain flow. The experiments are performed using electron plasmas in a Penning–Malmberg trap. They exploit the isomorphism between the two-dimensional Euler equations for an ideal fluid and the drift-Poisson equations for the plasma, where plasma density is the analog of vorticity. Perturbed elliptical vortex states are created using E×B strain flows, which are generated by applying voltages to electrodes surrounding the plasma. Measurements of spatial Landau damping (also called critical-layer damping) are in agreement with previous studies in the absence of an applied strain, where the damping is due to a resonance between the local fluid motion and the vortex oscillations. Interestingly, the damping rate does not change significantly over a wide range of applied strain rates. This can be accurately predicted from the initial vorticity profile, even though the resonant frequency is reduced substantially due to the applied strain. For higher amplitude perturbations, nonlinear trapping oscillations also exhibit behavior similar to the strain-free case. In principle, higher-order effects of the applied strain, such as separatrix crossing of peripheral vorticity and interactions with harmonics of the fundamental resonance, are expected to change the damping rate. However, this occurs only for conditions that are not realized in the experiments described here. Vortex-in-cell simulations are used to investigate the possible roles of these effects.
Numerical investigations of the flow-induced vibration of a three-dimensional circular cylinder with various symmetric strips attached
Authors: Ma Chunhui , Zhao Weiwen , Wan Decheng
Published: May 2022

Changes to the surface morphology of a cylinder immersed in a uniform flow may affect the surrounding flow characteristics. Circular cylinders with various symmetric strips attached are ideal models for studying this subject. This study investigates the flow-induced vibration (FIV) of a three-dimensional cylinder with symmetric strips attached using the delayed detached-eddy simulation method. First, the effects of the 22 different types of strip parameters are evaluated on the fixed cylinder. Then, P5-60-20 (location α=60°, coverage β=20°, and thickness h/D=5%) is chosen to explore the transverse FIV. P5-60-20 vibration responses exhibit four distinct branches—initial branch, passive upper branch, transition branch from vortex-induced vibration (VIV) to galloping, and pure galloping—which correspond to the classic initial, upper, lower, and desynchronization regions of the circular cylinder. Through a detailed discussion of each branch, it is discovered that the passive upper branch is significantly different from the upper branch, despite their similar vibration amplitudes and frequencies. The upper branch is induced by the flutter in the presence of intense three-dimensional flow. However, the passive upper branch is caused by symmetric strips, which promote spanwise correlation, prevent lift phase shifting, and dampen the effect of three-dimensional flow. Consequently, at higher reduced velocities, the transition from VIV to galloping and pure galloping is triggered.
Nuclear–electronic orbital approach to quantization of protons in periodic electronic structure calculations
Authors: Xu Jianhang , Zhou Ruiyi , Tao Zhen , Malbon Christopher , Blum Volker , Hammes-Schiffer Sharon , Kanai Yosuke
Published: May 2022

The nuclear–electronic orbital (NEO) method is a well-established approach for treating nuclei quantum mechanically in molecular systems beyond the usual Born–Oppenheimer approximation. In this work, we present a strategy to implement the NEO method for periodic electronic structure calculations, particularly focused on multicomponent density functional theory (DFT). The NEO-DFT method is implemented in an all-electron electronic structure code, FHI-aims, using a combination of analytical and numerical integration techniques as well as a resolution of the identity scheme to enhance computational efficiency. After validating this implementation, proof-of-concept applications are presented to illustrate the effects of quantized protons on the physical properties of extended systems, such as two-dimensional materials and liquid–semiconductor interfaces. Specifically, periodic NEO-DFT calculations are performed for a trans-polyacetylene chain, a hydrogen boride sheet, and a titanium oxide–water interface. The zero-point energy effects of the protons as well as electron–proton correlation are shown to noticeably impact the density of states and band structures for these systems. These developments provide a foundation for the application of multicomponent DFT to a wide range of other extended condensed matter systems.
Anomalous anisotropic spin-wave propagation in thin manganite films with uniaxial magnetic anisotropy
Authors: Wang Hanchen , Yang Yuben , Madami Marco , Wang Yizhan , Du Mian , Chen Jilei , Zhang Yu , Sheng Lutong , Zhang Jianyu , Wen Chen , Zhang Yuelin , Hao Sijie , Yu Guoqiang , Han Xiufeng , Gubbiotti Gianluca , Shen Ka , Zhang Jinxing , Yu Haiming
Published: May 2022

Manipulation of the spin-wave coherent length is highly desirable to overcome intrinsic damping and to improve functionalities of magnonics materials and devices. In this work, based on angle-resolved propagating spin-wave spectroscopy and micro-focused Brillouin light scattering, we report a giant anisotropy of spin wave propagation in a 20 nm-thick La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 film grown on a NdGaO3 substrate. Vanishing of such anisotropic features in reference experiments where the La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 film is grown on SrTiO3 suggests that the anisotropic spin-wave propagation might be originated from different lattice mismatches of the LSMO film with these two substrates. Interestingly, the decay length and the relaxation time of spin waves are found to be largest when the wavevector is along the [110] crystalline orientation, which is neither at easy nor hard axis related to the in-plane uniaxial magnetic anisotropy. This suggests the possibility of individual control of the magnetic anisotropy and spin-wave anisotropy via strain engineering. Our discovery may enrich the material systems for anisotropic spin wave behavior and promote strain engineering and optimization of versatile magnonic devices.
Ultra-lean dynamics of a holder-stabilized hydrogen enriched flames in a preheated mesoscale combustor
Authors: Wan Jianlong , Su Ziyi
Published: May 2022

To provide the theoretical basis to suppress the unstable flames under the coupling effect of flow and heat recirculation, the present work experimentally studies the ultra-lean dynamics of a holder stabilized 40%H2–60%CH4–air premixed flame in a preheated mesoscale combustor. The regime diagram of the flame behaviors at various operating conditions is obtained. It is observed that the blow-off limit first increases slightly and then decreases sharply (the anomalous blow-off limit) with the decreased Re value. Three types of the flame behaviors (i.e., the conventional stable flame, the stable residual flame, and the periodic oscillating residual flame) are found before the flame blow-off. In addition, with the decreased Reynolds number, the operating range for the stable residual flame broadens first and then narrows, but that of the periodic oscillating residual flame decreases monotonically, which are observed for the first time. The results show that, with the decreased Reynolds number, the flame root of the conventional stable flame anchors almost at the same location right behind the holder, while the flame tips obviously shift upstream. With the decreased equivalence ratio, the left and right flame tips in the downstream channel shift toward each other and finally merge into a single flame tip, which results in the formation of the stable residual flame. When the equivalence ratio decreases further, the periodic oscillating residual flame occurs. The flame tip periodically oscillates up and down over time. In the end, the blow-off dynamics of the stable residual flame and periodic oscillating residual flame are revealed.
Electrically tunable guided mode resonance grating for switchable photoluminescence
Authors: Mukherjee A. , Ghanekar A. , Povinelli M. L.
Published: May 2022

We present a guided mode resonance grating based on incorporation of an electro-optic material with monolayer WS2. The grating is designed to exhibit highly selective directional photo-luminescent emission. We study the effect of doubling the grating period via the introduction of an alternating index perturbation. Using numerical simulations, we show that period doubling leads to the formation of a photonic bandgap and spectral splitting in the absorptivity (or emissivity) spectrum. We anticipate that this effect can either be used to switch on and off the emissivity at a fixed wavelength or toggle between single- and double-wavelength emissions.
Viscoelastic non-isothermal modeling of film extrusion for membrane production including flow induced crystallization
Authors: Barborik Tomas , Zatloukal Martin
Published: May 2022

In this work, a viscoelastic non-isothermal extrusion film casting model utilizing 1.5-dimensional kinematics according to Silagy et al. [“Study of the stability of the film casting process,” Polym. Eng. Sci. 36, 2614–2625 (1996)] modified Leonov's constitutive equation, crystallinity-dependent relaxation time and elastic modulus, and flow-induced crystallization considering chain stretch, actual temperature, and cooling rate was developed and validated by using an appropriate numerical scheme and relevant experimental data for linear isotactic polypropylene. The model was used in a parametric study to understand the effect of draw ratio, heat transfer coefficient, and flow-induced crystallization on final film crystallinity and neck-in phenomenon using two different approaches to control the stretching intensity: first by adjusting the speed of the chill roll and second by changing the mass flow in the extrusion die. It is believed that the proposed model and results obtained may help to understand the optimal process conditions for the production of polymeric energy storage membranes, which are increasingly important due to their use in rechargeable lithium-ion batteries, disposable lithium batteries, and specialty energy storage.