bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anatomy of the Strelitzia reginae flower (Strelitziaceae)
Authors: Kronestedt Eva , Walles Bjöm
Published: March 2008

The Strelitzia reginae Ait. flower has many remarkable structural spezializations, the histology and cytology of which we have investigated.

The chromoplasts of the sepals are conspicuously elongated and enclose numerous carotenoid tubules parallel to the long axis of the plastid. The petals have rounded – pearshaped leucoplasts with a rhomboid protein crystal and aggregated plastoglobules. The blue colour is confined to the epidermal cells, which contain vacuoles with anthocyanin. Prominent papillar processes from the petal epidermis give rise to brilliance through refraction.

Various reinforcements occur within the flower parts. The perianth leaves have permeating fibre ribs and thickened epidermal walls. The stigma and the free part of the style consist mainly of fibre cells (with protoplasm). The base of the style and the ovary are enclosed in the receptacle, the epidermal and hypodermal cells of which have thickened walls. – The ground tissue of the basal part of the receptacle appears aerenchymatous. There are also idioblasts containing raphides, druses, and tannin. The secretory cells of the stigma are long unicellular hairs outwards and columnar cells towards the canal between the three lobes. The stylar canal splits up into three individual arms, each leading to a locule. The epithelial cells are typical transfer cells. A composite secretion is deposited outside these cells. – The nectaries constitute three pockets between the carpels. Their secretory surface is greatly increased by folding of the epithelium and the presence of transfer cells.
Taxonomy, variation, and relationships in the Hordeum parodii group (Poaceae)
Authors: von Bothmer Roland , Jacobsen Niels , Jørgensen Rikke B.
Published: March 2008

The Hordeum parodii group contains three species, viz. H. parodii Covas (6x), H. tetraploidum Covas (4x), and H. fuegianum Bothmer, Jacobsen, et Jørgensen, sp. nov. (4x). The former two species mainly occur in C and S Argentina, while H. fuegianum is native to Tierra del Fuego. All three species are probably of alloploid origin. Morphological, isoenzyme variation and cytogenetic data are presented.
Two new Anarcardiaceae from Ecuador
Authors: Barfod Anders , Holm‐Nielsen Lauritz B.
Published: March 2008

Mauria membranifolia sp. nov. and Tapirira guianensis Aubl. ssp. subandina ssp. nov are described.
A taxonomic revision of Phyllactis and Valeriana sect. Bracteata (Valerianaceae)
Authors: Larsen Bo Boysen
Published: March 2008

Seven species belonging to the high Andean genus Phyllactis (Valerianaceae) in its traditional circumscription are revised. Cladistic analysis involving characters of inflorescence morphology, leaf arrangement, flowers and fruits indicates that the 7 species represent two monophyletic lines. These are treated here as belonging to 2 genera, Phyllactis Pers. (3 species) and Valeriana L. (4 species). The 4 species belonging to Valeriana are placed in a new section, V. sect. Bracteata. Valeriana spiroflora is described as new. Valeriana convallarioides and Phyllactis rigida var. tenuifolia are new combinations.
New useful and colourfully‐bracted species of Calathea (Marantaceae) from Ecuador
Authors: Kennedy Helen
Published: March 2008

Two new species from Ecuador are described: Calathea utilis and C. roseobracteata. Calathea utilis, known from Napo and Pastaza Provinces, may be introduced near Sardinas, Napo Province, where the leaves are used for thatch. Calathea roseobracteata, known from a single locality near the border of Pinchincha and Los Rios Provinces, is distinguished by its bright pink bracts.
Hymenocallis incaica, a new species of Amaryllidaceae from Peru
Authors: Ravenna Pierfelice
Published: March 2008

An new species of Amaryllidaceae, namely Hymenocallis incaica sp. nov., is described from the department of Huancavelica, Peru. The species belongs in subgenus hmene (Salisb.) Bak., being mainly related to H. hawkesii Varg., H. narcissiflora (Jacq.) Macbr., and H. pedunculata (Herb.) Macbr. A key to the species of the subgenus is provided.
Pattern formation and cell interactions in epidermal development of Anemarrhena asphodeloides (Liliaceae)
Authors: Rasmussen H.
Published: March 2008

In the leaf epidermis of the monocotyledon Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge a characteristic pattern of stomata and papilla cells is developed. The ontogeny of both kinds of specialized cells is initiated by a formative mitosis yielding one daughter cell with aberrant structure and competence. It is shown that these distinctive cell types affect the fate of neighbouring epidermal cells. The final epidermal pattern is due to random initial events, as well as cell lineage, and cell‐to‐cell interactions during development.
Studies in African Cyperaceae 28. New taxa and combinations in Abildgaardia Vahl IV
Authors: Lye Kåre Arnstein
Published: March 2008

Eight new species of Abildgaardia subgen. Bulbostylis are described from tropical Africa, viz. Abildgaardia squarrosa, A. densiflora, A. acutespicata, A. angustespicata, A. lacunosa, A. microcephala, A. microrotundata and A. pluricephala.
Ultrastructural features of differentiating protophloem sieve elements in adventitious roots of Salix viminalis
Authors: Fjell Ingemar
Published: March 2008

The differentiation of the protophloem in 9‐ to 14‐day‐old adventitious roots of Salix viminalis was studied. Ultrastructural observations were mainly made on longitudinal serial sections through an uninterrupted file of 32 differentiating sieve elements. The first cell in the file was located about 50 μm from the apical meristem. At an early stage the nucleus was lobed in outline, and in older cells the nucleoplasm became electron lucent. In the first or second cell from the first mature sieve element the nuclear envelope broke open. The nucleoli decreased gradually in size and disappeared finally. From the 9th cell the plastids contained starch and grew somewhat in size. ER increased in amount and began to form stacks in the 20th cell. These stacks moved to a peripheral position. Callose platelets were first observed on the transverse walls in cell 18. Flattened ER‐cisternae covered the sieve pore sites. Gradually the middle lamella was dissolved and the callose aggregations formed cylinders around the pores of the sieve plate. Aggregations of tubular P‐protein were present from cell 15. P‐protein bodies were also present in parenchyma cells adjoining mature sieve elements. The only cell components remaining in mature sieve elements were plastids, mitochondria, stacked ER, the plasmalemma, remnants of other membranes and bodies consisting of P‐protein and of an unidentified granular material. The sieve elements had no ontogenetically related companion cells. At a level where both metaphloem and metaxylem had matured the first formed protophloem sieve elements remained intact.
Foliar crystals in Saxifraga and segregate genera (Saxifragaceae)
Authors: Gornall R. J.
Published: March 2008

In the genera Saxifraga, Saxifragodes, Saxifragella, Saxifragopsis and Zahlbrucknera foliar crystals were found to be present only in Saxifragodes and Saxifraga sections Micranthes and Irregulares. The crystals occur as stellate druses, except in Saxifraga nipponica and S. cortusifolia (section Irregulares) where they occur as single needles. This finding indicates a close relationship between these two sections of Saxifraga. The monotypic Saxifragodes, from southern South America, does not appear to be related to Andean species of Saxifraga, which lack crystals, but rather to species of Saxifraga section Micranthes in North America. The taxonomic affinities of five species in section Micranthes that lack crystals are discussed.
New species of Wahlenbergia (Campanulaceae) from Africa
Authors: Thulin Mats
Published: March 2008

Five new species of Wahlenbergia are described and illustrated: W. tetramera from the high Drakensberg in Natal, W. petraea from Burundi, and W. marunguensis, W. polyphylla and W. malaissei from Zaire.
Variation in silica scale morphology in Mallomonas pseudocoronata (Chrysophyceae)
Authors: Nicholls K. H.
Published: March 2008

It was previously thought that a form of Mallomonas pseudocoronata with scales lacking the reticulate shield pattern might be considered a separate subspecies. Until now, however, the unreticulated form has been so rare in collections that a conclusive decision on its taxonomic status has not been possible. An abundance of cells with the unreticulated scale form, as well as more typical forms, have been found recently in Ontario phytoplankton collections. All other features of cell and scale morphology of the unreticulated forms (bristle structure, cell and scale size and shape) are identical to those of the heavily reticulated forms. It was concluded that a wide range of scale reticulation (from complete absence to heavily silicified reticulations) characterizes this species and that only one genotype is responsible for the range in scale morphology now known for M. pseudocoronata.
Notes on Campanula dimorphantha (Campanulaceae)
Authors: Thulin Mats
Published: March 2008

The correct name of the species currently called Campanula canescens or C. benthamii in Asian floristic literature is shown to be C. dimorphantha. The distribution of the species is mapped and its occurrence in both Africa and Asia is confirmed. Both cleistogamous and normal flowers may be produced in plants of C. dimorphantha. The adaptive significance of this dimorphism is briefly discussed.
Three new species and one new combination in Boesenbergia (Zingiberaceae) from Thailand
Authors: Sirirugsa Puangpen
Published: March 2008

Three new species, Boesenbergia acuminata, B. basispicata and B. petiolata are described and illustrated. Boesenbergia siamensis comb, nov. is illustrated. A key to the species in Thailand is also presented.
Validation of Paraphysomonas diademifera and Polylepidomonas vacuolata (Chrysophyceae)
Authors: Preisig Hans Rudolf , Hibberd David J.
Published: March 2008

An account is given on the validation of the combinations Paraphysomonas diademifera (Takahashi) Preisig & Hibberd (basionym: Ochromonas diademifera Taka_ hashi) and Polylepidomonas vacuolata (Thorasen) Preisig & Hibberd (basionym: Paraphysomonas vacuolata Thomsen).
The genus Panisea (Orchidaceae), a taxonomic revision
Authors: Lund Ingelise Drozd
Published: March 2008

The genus Panisea is revised. A total of 13 taxa have previously been described. In the present revision 7 species are recognized: P. albiflora, P. apiculata, P. demissa, P. distelidia sp. nov., P. tricallosa, P. uniflora and P. yunnanensis. A new variety, P. tricallosa var. garrettii is proposed.
The genus Theophrasta (Theophrastaceae). Foliar structures, floral biology and taxonomy
Authors: Ståhl Bertil
Published: March 2008

The genus Theophrasta is endemic to the island of Hispaniola. Two species are recognized, viz. T. jussieui and T. americana. T. jussieui is restricted to the central part of northern Haiti, whereas the latter is distributed over most of Hispaniola. Only floral characters have been practically useful to distinguish the species. T. jussieui differs from T. americana primarily by its larger flowers and inflorescences. The two species are considered closely related. An investigation of leaf surface structures and foliar anatomy, particular the sclerenchyma, is presented. Floral biology, including adaptions to sapromyophilous pollination, is described and discussed, and notes on habit, ecology, and pollen morphology are given.
Entomophthora species with E. muscae‐like primary spores on two new insect orders, Coleoptera and Hymenoptera
Authors: Eilenberg Jørgen , Bresciani José , Martin Jan
Published: March 2008

Adults of Cantharis livlda (Coleoptera: Cantharidae) and of Torymus druparum (Hymenoptera: Torymidae) were found naturally infected by fungi from the Entomophthorales in Denmark. The morphology of the primary spores of the two fungi clearly showed that they belong to the genus Entomophthora s.str. No species from this genus has been reported so far from these insect orders. With respect to spore size and number of nuclei per spore, the fungi fall within the range of species from the E. muscae complex, known only from Diptera. A transfer of the fungus from T. druparum to Psila rosae (Diptera: Psilidae) was however possible. The findings thus confirm a significant widening of the host range of species within the E. muscae complex.
Biosystematic studies on the umbellatum‐angustifolium complex in the genus Ornithogalum (Liliaceae). III. Morphological analysis
Authors: van Raamsdonk L. D. W. , Heringa J.
Published: March 2008

The morphology of 175 specimens of Ornithogalum belonging to 12 species were analyzed on the basis of 31 characters. The methods used were cluster analysis (agglomerative clustering using Ward's average), principal components analysis (using correlation coefficients) and oligothetic characterization of clusters and species. The splitting level at which seven clusters were separated is the best possible one according to the criteria as used. The separation of nine clusters yields more information on the distribution of the species. Both the clusters and the species are separated from each other in the attribute space performed by the first, second and third principal component. The species of the umbellatum‐angustifolium complex, i.e. O. umbellatum, O. angustifoliwn, O. refractum, O. monticolum, O. baeticum and O. algeriense, are clearly separated. A. parallel evolution of the pollen‐sterile strains of the bulbilliferous species O. umbellatum and O. angustifolium could be traced. A dichotomous key for all the species involved is proposed.
A new approach to the phylogeny of the order Boletales (Basidiomycotina)
Authors: Høiland Klaus
Published: March 2008

An analysis employing parsimony and character compatibility methods is carried out for selected species in the various families constituting the order Boletales s.l. The results indicate that Paxillaceae is polyphyletic, actually representing a primitive matrix from which many of the other families have evolved. Gyrodontaceae is also polyphyletic, and its various genera should be included within other families. The analysis does not support that Xerocomaceae and Boletaceae should be regarded as two separate families. It indicates that the genus Suillus should be included within Gomphidiaceae. On the other hand, it strongly contradicts any relationship between Suillus and Chalciporus on one hand, and Strobilomyces on the other. The latter genus must be very isolated from the other genera analysed. The gastroid families Rhizopogonaceae and Chamonixiaceae seem to have derived from progenitors related to Boletaceae and Gyroporus (here regarded within Paxillaceae) respectively. Coniophoraceae is probably derived from precursors related to the more primitive representatives in Paxillaceae.
Algal studies of the Danish Wadden Sea. V. Blue‐green algae in higher salt march areas — their seasonal and spatial distribution
Authors: Kaas Hanne
Published: March 2008

The blue‐green algal flora in the higher salt marsh areas (above average high tide level) at Rejsby in the Danish Wadden Sea area has been investigated regularly throughout a one‐year period. Twenty nine pigmented and two colourless taxa were recorded, and their morphology described in detail. The blue‐green algae were particularly well developed in the the grazed Puccinellia marsh, at other sites the occurrence was scattered. In winter and spring few algae were seen. Mats appeared in June and then persisted for shorter or longer periods, in some areas throughout the rest of the year. On the basis of frequency analyses, thirteen assemblages characterized by the dominating species were recognized. Factors affecting the spatial and temporal distribution are discussed. The assemblages are compared to the algal communities described by Polderman.
Potential roles of scaling and post‐anthesis developmental changes in the evolution of floral forms of Eucnide (Loasaceae)
Authors: Hufford Larry D.
Published: March 2008

Six of the fourteen species of Eucnide (Loasaceae) are investigated to understand the potential roles of size scaling and post‐anthesis ontogenetic changes in the evolution of the floral diversity that characterizes the genus. Principal components analysis of quantitative aspects of mature flowers showed that most of the measured floral features strongly covary and that size was responsible for most of the quantitative variation among the investigated species. Size scaling trends were further investigated by using bivariate comparisons. Scaling trends are strongest among species of sect. Eucnide. Stamen and style length, the most strongly scaled features, have a nearly isometric relationship (slope = 1) in the evolution of the genus. Given this strict scaling which would probably promote self‐pollination, it appears that cross‐pollination in the genus is most likely to be associated with the evolution of large flowers, compounded by protogyny and differential elongation of stamens and style during post‐anthesis ontogeny. Common changes during post‐anthesis development include failure of the corolla to spread and variations in the relative elongation patterns of the corolla, stamens, and style.
Andrachne fragilis (Euphorbiaceae), a new species from Somalia
Authors: Gilbert M. G. , Thulin M.
Published: March 2008

Andrachne fragilis is described from north‐facing limestone rocks of the escarpment in NE Somalia.
Two new species in Justicia sect. Harnieria (Acanthaceae) from tropical Africa
Authors: Hedrén M.
Published: March 2008

Two new species of Justicia sect. Harnieria (Acanthaceae) are described: J. afromontana from Sudan and Uganda, and J. huambensis from Angola.
A taxonomic revision of the genus Pachyrhizus (Fabaceae ‐Phaseoleae)
Authors: Sørensen Marten
Published: March 2008

The genus Pachyrhizus is revised in order to establish the distribution of the species and their variation. Three species in cultivation (P. erosus, P. tuberosus and P. ahipa) and two species only occurring in the wild (P. ferrugineus and P. panamensis) are recognized. P. strigosus is considered conspecific with P. erosus. All the infraspecific taxa proposed by Clausen are considered untenable. The new combination P. ferrugineus is made for what was previously know as P. vernalis.
The distribution and ecology of Spiniferomonas (Chrysophyceae) in Connecticut (USA)
Authors: Siver Peter A.
Published: March 2008

Siver, P. A. 1988. The distribution and ecology of Spiniferomonas (Chrysophyceae) in Connecticut (USA). ‐ Nord. J. Bot. 8: 205–212. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X.

The genus Spiniferomonas was found to be a common member of the phytoplankton flora in Connecticut lakes, present in over thirty‐seven percent of the 113 samples collected during 1984. Thirteen of the 15 known freshwater Spiniferomonas species were found including S. crucigera, recorded for the first time from North America. Six species were new records for the United States. S. trioralis, S. bilacunosa and S. bourrellyi were the most common taxa. Ecological preferences of some species are presented. This study represents the first major survey of the genus in the United States.
Two new Neogaillonia species (Rubiaceae, tribe Paederieae) from Somalia
Authors: Puff C.
Published: March 2008

Two new species of Neogaillonia, N. somaliensis and N. calcicola, both endemic to NE Somalia, are described. Palynological data are given for both species. Relationships to other taxa of Neogaillonia and the “Gaillonia complex” are discussed.
Confocal scanning laser microscopy, a new technique used in an embryological study of Dactylorhiza maculata (Orchidaceae)
Authors: Fredrikson Margit , Carlsson Kjell , Franksson Olof
Published: March 2008

Ovules of Dactylorhiza maculata, fixed in FPA50 and made transparent in Herr's clearing fluid, were investigated with confocal scanning laser microscopy. This new technique makes it possible to obtain thin optical serial sections in perfect alignment without damaging the material. It made possible an interpretation of the development of the embryo sac differing from that based on previous investigations with traditional technique. Using the new technique we found that the young embryo sac generally contains seven nuclei, two of which fuse, and the mature sac is 6‐nucleate. The pollen tube does not penetrate any of the synergids when entering the embryo sac. Double fertilization takes place, and all nuclei are still alive at that moment. Four to six endosperm nuclei are formed, but later they degenerate and the growing embryo fills the entire embryo sac.
Cortinarius subgenus Dermocybe in Greenland
Authors: Borgen Torbjørn , Høiland Klaus
Published: March 2008

The following species of Cortinarius subg. Dermocybe are recorded from Greenland: C. cinnamomeus, C. croceus, C. norvegicus, C. croceoconus, C. huronensis var. huronensis, C. uliginosus, C. cinnamomeoluteus, and C. polaris. Ecological and plant geographical features are discussed for each species. Cortinarius cinnamomeus and C. uliginosirs seem to be southern species never penetrating into the arctic zones; C. croceus, C. croceoconus, C. huronensis var. huronensis, and C. cinnamomeoluteus southern species penetrating into the arctic zones; and C. norvegicus and C. polaris true arctic species. Cortinarius norvegicus is probably continental, while the other species are distributed in continental as well as oceanic areas.
Lecidea roseotincta, a new lichen species from Norway
Authors: Coppins Brian John , Tønsberg Tor
Published: March 2008

Lecidea roseotincta sp. nov. is described from Norway. The species is mainly characterized by a white to grey or ± pink, amyloid thallus containing psoromic acid, black apothecia with a weakly developed proper margin, 16‐spored asci without a well defined ocular chamber, and simple or 1‐septate, medially constricted spores. It grows on bark of deciduous trees, mainly Alnus incana, in coastal sites.
Embryology and possible relationships of Petermannia cirrosa (Petermanniaceae)
Authors: Conran J. G.
Published: March 2008

Conran, J. G. 1988. Embryology and possible relationships of Petermannia cirrosa (Petermanniaceae). ‐ Nord. J. Bot. 8: 13–17. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X.

Micro‐ and megasporogenesis in Petermannia cirrosa is reported and the relationships of the Petermanniaceae are discussed. Microsporogenesis is successive; the endothecium is spirally thickened and the tapetum binucleate and amoeboid. The ovules are anatropous and crassinucellate. A primary parietal cell is formed and divides. Megasporogenesis is of the Polygonum type. On the basis of these and other characters, the Petermanniaceae show affinities with the remainder of the Dioscoreales, and also with the Geitonoplesiaceae (Asparagales) but remain somewhat isolated.
A taxonomic revision of the genera Gerbera sect. Isanthus, Leibnitzia (in Asia), and Uechtritzia (Compositae, Mutisieae)
Authors: Hansen Hans V.
Published: March 2008

Hansen, H. V. 1988. A taxonomic revision of the genera Gerbera sect. Isanthus, Leibnitzia (in Asia), and Uechrrirzia (Compositae, Mutisieae). ‐ Nord. J. Bot. 8: 61–76. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X.

The Asiatic part of Compositae tribe Mutisieae subtribe Mutisiinae scapose group is revised. It includes one section of the genus Gerbera, sect. Isanthus with 6 species: G. maxima, G. raphanifolia, G. delavayi, G. henryi, G. nivea, and G. gossypina, the genus Leibnitzia with 4 species, L. anandria, L. knorringiana, L. nepalensis, and L. ruficoma, and the genus Uechtrirzia with 3 species, U. kokanica, U. armena, and U. lacei. The species are mainly distributed in the Himalaya Region and W. China (Yunnan), but some occur in S. USSR, and L. anandria is widespread; Leibnitzia probably also occurs in Central America with 2 endemic species. A distribution map showing the Asiatic range of Gerbera piloselloides (sect. Piloselloides) is presented.
Developmental studies in orchid flowers III: Neottioid species
Authors: Kurzweil H.
Published: March 2008

The floral development of 19 species of Neottioideae (sensu Rasmussen 1985) was studied by means of scanning electron microscopy, paying special attention to the early differentiation of the organs that constitute the gynostemium. The gynostemium development of the Epipactieae proved to be similar to that of the Epidendroi deae and Vandoideae, in particular in that massive primordia corresponding to inner lateral staminodes are differentiated in early stages and later constitute the lateral appendages of the gynostemium. In the Neottieae a progressive reduction and delayed initiation of these staminodes was observed: the lateral teeth of the gynostemium originate from large staminode primordia in one species (Corymborkis veratrifolia), in the remaining species they are initiated in later stages or are missing.
The identity and distribution of Cordia obtusa (Boraginaceae)
Authors: Warfa Ahmed Mumin
Published: March 2008

Cordia obtusa Balf. f., previously known only from Socotra, is recorded also from NE Somalia. An amended description of the species, including flower morphology, is given, and its habitat and affinities are discussed.
Zoosporogenesis in Pseudoperonospora cubensis, the causal agent of cucurbit downy mildew
Authors: Lange Lene , Edén Ulla , Olson Lauritz W.
Published: March 2008

During sporulation of Pseudoperonospora cubensis on cucumber leaves (Cucumis saliva) zoosporangia are formed on the dichotomously branched sporangiophore. The mature zoosporangium has a preformed discharge papilla and the cytoplasm is uncleaved. The zoosporangium wall is decorated and the outer layer of the wall is electron opaque in ultrathin sections. As the zoosporangium is able to survive freezing (‐ 18°C) for prolonged periods of time (3–4 months) the zoosporangium may serve as the “resting” structure which survives overwintering in Northern latitudes in the absence of oospore formation.

Zoospore cleavage can be synchronized by placing freshly harvested zoosporangia in distilled water. Cleavage of the zoosporangial cytoplasm is by means of the fusion of small vesicles apparently derived from dictyosomes which become highly active after zoosporogenesis is induced.

Vesicles with an osmiophilic electron opaque content are the dominant type of vesicle found in the zoosporangia. The content of these vesicles undergoes dynamic changes during zoosporogenesis and during the late stages of sporogenesis the content becomes finely striated as is typical of these vesicles when observed in the zoospore. On the basis of the results presented here it is suggested that zoosporangium formation and zoosporogenesis in P. cubensis could serve as a model system for assays with obligate oomycetous plant pathogens, also in relation to fungicide mode of action studies.
Revision of the lichen genus Teloschistes in central and southern Africa
Authors: Almborn Ove
Published: March 2008

Nine species of Teloschisies are recorded from the area and details of their morphology (including considerable ecotypic variation) and distribution are given. All species are illustrated. All relevant type specimens were examined. Four species (T. chry‐sophthalmus, T. exilis, T. flavicans and T. hypoglaucus) are common in this part of Africa and are also widely distributed elsewhere. T. perrugosus, whose taxonomy has been revised, seems to be endemic to central and southern Africa. T. capensis and T. puber are well‐defined endemics of the Atlantic coast in South Africa and Namibia, whereas T. chrysocarpoides occurs in Namibia only. T. pulvinaris, now established as a distinct species, is known only from the type locality in Cape Province.
Mallomonas corymbosa var. interrupta nov. var. (Synurophyceae) from Argentina
Authors: Vigna Maria S. , Kristiansen Jørgen
Published: March 2008

A new variety of Mallomonas corymbosa is described from a pond in Nahuel‐Huapi National Park (Argentina): M. corymbosa var. interrupt nov. var. Fine structure of scales and bristles has been studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy.
Chorigyne, a new genus of the Cyclanthaceae from Central America
Authors: Eriksson Roger
Published: March 2008

Chorigyne is described as a new genus, characterized by distichous leaves with bifid lamina, free pistillate flowers, four subapical placentas, and fusiform seeds. It is most closely related to Sphaeradenia and Stelestylis. The generic relationships, and the restricted distribution of Chorigyne in Costa Rica and Panama, are discussed. Five species are described as new, viz. C. densiflora, C. pterophylla, C. paucinervis, C. cylindrica, and C. tumescens. Furthermore, two new combinations are made, viz. C. ensiformis and C. pendula. A key to the species is given, each species is described, and the new ones are illustrated.
Notes on the genus Ruprechtia (Polygonaceae)
Authors: Brandbyge John
Published: March 2008

The generic synonymy of Ruprechtia is discussed, and the correct lectotype R. ramiflora (basionym: Triplaris ramiflora is established. The description of R. cruegeri is extended. Explanations to the apparent long‐range disjunctions of R. jamesonii and R. cruegeri are discussed. For R. jamesonii erroneous label data on a Glaziou collection from Brazil is suggested. Ruprechtia cruegeri might be a true disjunction between Trinidad and Amazonian Peru, or it might be an uncommon and under‐collected species with special habitat preferences.
A structural investigation of the ovule in sugar beet, Beta vulgaris: The micropylar nucellus
Authors: Bruun Lone , Olesen P.
Published: March 2008

At the mature stage of ovule development the micropylar part of the crassinucellate nucellus in sugar beet, Beta vulgaris has been investigated by light and electron microscopy. Compared to the main body of the nucellus the columnar cells in the micropylar part appear more meristematic and display a number of structural characteristics indicative of high metabolic activity, e.g. abundant mitochondria, dilated endoplasmic reticulum, numerous dictyosomes and coated vesicles often fusing with irregular and strongly PAS+ cell walls. This tissue undergoes a gradual degeneration after having reached the mature stage and this degeneration seems to be independent of both pollination and fertilization. The cuticle structure of the apical cells in the micropylar nucellus is very similar to cuticles of stigmatic papillae in other plants, which may be related to this tissue being predetermined to be recognized and penetrated by pollen tubes. The ultrastructural features of the micropylar nucellus cells are well in accordance with a secretory activity related to penetration and guidance of pollen tubes. It is discussed whether mitochondrial conversion of ACC to ethylene in these cells might be involved in pre‐ and postfertilization processes.
Bauhinia chrysophylla, a new species from Thailand (Leguminosae–Caesalpinioideae)
Authors: Larsen Kai , Larsen Supee Saksuwan
Published: March 2008

A new species of Bauhinia from Peninsular Thailand is described as B. chrysophylla. It appears to be endemic to an isolated mountain and must be regarded as a rare and endangered species. Its pollen morphology is studied and its relationships discussed.
Chrysosphaerella annulata n. sp., a new scale‐bearing chrysophyte
Authors: Kristiansen Jørgen , Tong Dan
Published: March 2008

A new species, Chrysosphaerella annulata (Chrysophyceae, Paraphysomonadaceae), is described from Austria. It is also found in P. R. China, and previously reported from several places, mainly tropical, as unknown species. Its relationship to other species of Chrysosphaerella and of Spiniferomonas is discussed, and it is concluded that these two genera should be separated on silica structures rather than on unicellular or colonial habit. Accordingly, the following new combinations are proposed: Chrysosphaerella septispina and Chrysosphaerella enigmata, and the original combination Chrysosphaerella coronacircumspina has been taken up again.
Karyotype variation of Fritillaria graeca and F. davisii from Greece
Authors: Zaharof Eugenia
Published: March 2008

The karyotypes of two Greek endemic species of Fritillaria, F graeca and F. davisii were examined in 29 population samples, using conventional staining techniques. Specific marker chromosomes which predominate in particular geographical areas serve to distinguish 5 major cytotypes within F. graeca. These cytotypes absolutely coincide with the morphologically previously determined subspecies: graeca, guicciardii, ionica, thessala and its var. othria. Cytological findings together with morphology and geographical distribution of the species agree in suggesting a close phylogenetic relationship between the parapatric species F. graeca and F. davisii.
Peddiea thulinii (Thymelaeaceae), a new species from Tanzania
Authors: Temu R. P. C.
Published: March 2008

Peddiea thulinii, known only from the Ukaguru Mts in Tanzania, is described and illustrated. Differences between this species and P. fischeri are pointed out.
Classification and ordination of the mire vegetation of Stormyra near Tynset, S Norway
Authors: Singsaas Stein
Published: March 2008

The vegetation of Stormyra, a flat fen at Tynset, in Hedmark province, Southern Norway is classified by cluster analyses into seven different plant communities, all of a nonfixed hierarchical, low rank as follows:

(1) Scorpidium scorpioides comm., (2) Campylium stellatum ‐ Drepanocladus revolvers comm., (3) Carex rostrata ‐ Calliergon giganteum comm., (4) Sphagnum papillosum ‐ S. subfulvum comm., (5) Homalothecium nitens ‐ Sphagnum warnstorfii comm., (6) Pinus sylvestris ‐ Sphagnum angustifolium comm. and (7) Empetrum hermaphroditum ‐ Sphagnum fuscum comm.

A DCA‐ordination showed that the samples were distributed mainly along a hummock ‐ mud‐bottom vegetational gradient, reflecting the local groundwater level. The range of the plant communities in terms of the traditional poor ‐ rich and mire expanse ‐ mire margin vegetational gradients is also dealt with. The vegetation and its relationship to such environmental factors as the ground‐water level, and its seasonal fluctuations, the supply or absence of running surface water, the pH and electrical conductivity, are also discussed.
North Aegean marine algae. III. Structure and development of the encrusting coralline Titanoderma cystoseirae (Rhodophyta, Lithophylloideae)
Authors: Athanasiadis A.
Published: March 2008

Vegetative and reproductive features of the encrusting marine alga Titanoderma cystoseirae are described on the basis of type specimens from the N. Adriatic Sea and new material from the N. Aegean Sea. Growth proceeds by means of two meristem types: a superficial meristem that occurs on terminal cells of hypothallial filaments, producing the hypothallium, and an internal meristem that is confined to cells just below the epithallium, producing the perithallium.

Subepithallial divisions occur in groups of cells that form distinct meristematic zones perpendicularly to the plane of radial thallus sections. These coordinated divisions originally appear on hypothallial cells close to the margin and subsequently spread centripetally, as opposed to the centrifugal growth of the hypothallial filaments. At least two subepithallial meristematic zones occur at a time on the thallus and both spread centripetally and in sequential pattern, each producing a new layer of perithallial cells that gradually covers the preceding (underlying) one. This elaborate process of perithallial ontogeny seems to be a distinctive characteristic for T. cystoseirae. Coordinated subephitallial divisions with different developmental patterns, however, are also observed in other coralline algae, particularly in members of the Lithophylloideae and the Amphiroideae. These observations support the hypothesis of the close phylogenetic relationship between these taxa but also emphasize the need for further studies before taxonomic implications can be proposed.
A survey of the genus Sorbaria (Rosaceae)
Authors: Rahn Knud
Published: March 2008

A taxonomic revision of the Asiatic genus Sorbaria (Rosaceae). 4 species are recognized: S. sorbifolia (including S. stellipila), S. grandiflora (=S. pallasii incl. S. rhoifolia), S. kirilowii,(incl. S. arborea and S. assurgens) and S. tomentosa (=S. lindleyana, incl. S. olgae and S. gilgitensis) with var. angustifolia, comb. nov. (=S. aitchisonii). Hybrids presumably between S. sorbifolia and S. grandiflora and S. sorbifolia and S. kirilowii are found cultivated.
The South American genera Brayopsis and Englerocharis (Brassicaceae)
Authors: Al‐Shehbaz Ihsan A.
Published: March 2008

Three species and two subspecies of Erayopsis and two species of Englerocharis are recognized. The generic limits and relationships of the two Andean genera are assessed. Englerocharis pauciflora and B. alpaminae ssp. smithii are described as new.
Absolute orientation of the flagellar apparatus of Hibberdia magna comb. nov. (Chrysophyceae)
Authors: Andersen Robert A.
Published: March 2008

The first flagellum of Hibberdia magna comb. nov. bears mastigonemes that have both short and long lateral filaments attached to the tubular shaft. The second flagellum is very short (ca. 850 nm) and is directed posteriorly approximately 160° from the first flagellum. Three microtubular flagellar roots (R1, R2 and R4) and a rhizoplast (= striated root) are present. The R1 root consists of four microtubules that arise near the right surface of the first flagellum basal body; the R1 root extends to the dorsal side of the cell and then curves back along the left side of the cell. Cytoskeletal microtubules are nucleated from the R1 root including one loose cluster of cytoskeletal microtubules that extends down the left side of the cell adjacent to the contractile vacuole. The R2 root is a single microtubule that arises along the left surface of the first flagellum basal body and extends to the left side of the cell. The R4 root consists of three microtubules that arise along the left side of the second flagellum basal body. A helical band wraps around two microtubules at the proximal end of the R4 root. Two of the three R4 root microtubules extend along the left side of the second flagellum, curve around to the right side of that flagellum and terminate. No R3 root was found. The orientation of the basal bodies of Hibberdia gen. nov. is similar to that of the Xanthophyceae and Oomycetes. There are apparent homologies in the R1, R2 and R4 roots of Hibberdia and these and other protists, but only Hibberdia lacks a R3 root. Three long flagella are present in preprophase but later one is endocytosized and the axoneme extends to the posterior of the cell. During metaphase the nuclear envelope is more or less intact except at the poles; the flagellar apparatuses are at the poles and the spindle microtubules originate near the basal bodies. Two stages are known in the life history: 1) a capsoidlike state with non‐swimming flagellate cells inside a colonial gel, and 2) a free‐swimming single‐celled monad state. Vegetative cell division occurs in both stages. The flagellar apparatus, the cell division process and the life history combined with the previously described unique light‐harvesting antheraxanthin make H. magna distinct from other algae. A new genus, Hibberdia gen. nov., a new family, Hibberdiaceae fam. nov. and a new order, Hibberdiales, ord. nov. are described.
Scaled chrysophytes (Chrysophyceae and Synurophyceae) from national park lakes in southern and central Finland
Authors: Eloranta Pertti
Published: March 2008

A total of 34 scaled chrysophyte taxa (18 Mallomonas spp., 6 Synura spp., 2 Chrysosphaerella spp., 6 Spiniferomonas spp. and 2 Paraphysomonas spp.) were recorded by SEM techniques in 61 samples from 59 lakes locating in 8 national parks of southern and central Finland in July 1987. Most of the lakes were small forest and peat bog lakes with acid (pH 4.6–7.2) and soft‐water and with variable water colour (10–350 mg Pt/l). The number of taxa per lake varied from 0 to 15 and it correlated very significantly with the water pH. The species structure was rather typical for the oligotrophic and acid lakes. Besides the eurytypic and common species like Mallomonus caudata (fr. 72.1% of lakes), M. crassisquama (65.6%), M. allorgei (62.3%) and M. akrokomos (52.5%) also M. canina (41.0%) and M. hamata (21.3%) were frequently observed. M. calceolus, M. costata, M. papillosa, M. pugio and M. paludosa were more rare but typical for acid lakes. Synuru splendida which occurred in two lakes was the most rare and a new species for Finland.
Deceit pollination of Orchis spitzelii (Orchidaceae) on the Island of Gotland in the Baltic: a suboptimal system
Authors: Fritz Anna‐Lena
Published: March 2008

Interactions between anthophilous insects and Orchis spitzelii were studied on the island of Gotland, in the Baltic Sea of southern Sweden. The plant is nectar ‐ less and thus deceives its nectar‐seeking pollinators. No specific nectar‐plant model exists for mimetic resemblance, but the orchid produces an exuberant floral display. Pollinators comprise mainly bumble‐bee queens (Bombus spp.) that transport 90% of the pollinaria. The remaining pollinators are cuckoo bumble‐bee females (Psithyrus spp.). Pollinating bees make exploratory visits primarily to only a few of the lowermost flowers in inflorescences. Many‐flowered individuals are more attractive and have a higher fitness in terms of fruit set. Bees quickly learn to avoid the non‐rewarding orchid. Arctostaphylos uva‐ursi (Ericacae) and Rubus saxatilis (Rosaceae) are the most important subsidiary nectar plants for the bees during the flowering of O. spitzelii. Phenological, morphological and functional data indicate that the anth‐ecological adaptation to the main pollen vectors is suboptimal. Moreover, experiments indicate that O. spitzelii is an obligate outcrosser and lacks an effective isolating mechanism against the abundant and concurrently blooming Orchis mascula. It is therefore proposed that O. spitzelii has spread to Gotland in recent time.
New species of Kyllinga (Cyperaceae) from tropical Africa
Authors: Mtotomwema Kilian
Published: March 2008

Four new species of Kyllinga from tropical Africa are described; K. robinsoniana from Zambia; K. pseudobulbosa from Tanzania; K. tisserantoides from Nigeria and K. uniflora from Tanzania. From the available records it seems that K. tisserantioides is West African in distribution while K. pseudobulbosa and K. robinsoniana have wider area of distribution within Africa. K. uniflora seems to be limited to the East African Miombo vegetation.
Juniper fields in Sogn, Western Norway, a man‐made vegetation type
Authors: Austad Ingvild , Hauge Leif
Published: March 2008

Juniperus communis has been used e.g. as poles (posts), haysticks and wall‐coating. In some districts it has even been an important export article. The fields of columnar juniper are the result of a long history of cultivation and grazing. In this article the main types of juniper fields in Sogn, Western Norway are presented, and their relationships to soil conditions and traditional use are discussed. According to structure, utilization and development four main types of juniper fields are recognized: I. Traditional juniper fields, II. Semi‐cultural juniper fields, III. Secondary juniper fields and IV. Semi‐natural juniper fields. Due to changes in agricultural methods, juniper fields are becoming rare.
Sicilica‐scaled chrysophytes from Korea, a preliminary study
Authors: Kristiansen Jørgen , Tong Dan , Olrik Kirsten
Published: March 2008

Phytoplankton samples obtained from 10 localities in Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea, DPRK) have been examined by means of electron microscopy. 27 species of silica‐scaled chrysophytes (Chrysophyceae and Synurophyceae) have been identified, belonging to the genera Chrysosphaerella, Spiniferomonas, Paraphysomo‐nas, Mallomonas, and Synura. Almost all of these species are new to Korea, only two of them have with certainty been found there before.
A new species of Polyalthia (Annonaceae) from Meghalaya, India
Authors: Prakash Ved , Mehrotra B. N.
Published: March 2008

A new species, Polyalthia meghalayensis (Annonaceae) is described with illustrations from the Garo Hills of Meghalaya, India.
Studies in the secretory glands of Hiptage sericea (Malpighiaceae)
Authors: Subramanian R. B. , Arumugasamy K. , Inamdar J. A.
Published: March 2008

Hiptage sericea is shown to possess both lipophilic glands and extrafloral nectaries. Both types of glands develop from a group of initials and show similarities in organisation of tissue systems and secretion. The nature of the secretory substances is however different. The occurrence and function of the glands are discussed.
Three Endogonaceae new to Poland
Authors: Blaszkowski J.
Published: March 2008

Morphological features of three species of the Endogonaceae new to Poland are described and illustrated, their occurrences and distributions in Poland are characterized and mapped. Glomus mosseae is probably the most common species having been found in 81 of the 152 soil samples examined. Its frequency of occurrence and spore densities were about twice as high among cultivated than among wild plants. Glomus pansihalos was isolated from 8 samples taken only under wild plants. This species is probably new to Europe. Scutellospora calospora was found in the rhizosphere of 12 cultivated and 17 wild plants. Spore densities of this species were similar in cultivated and uncultivated soils.
Distributional patterns of vascular plants in Fennoscandia: a numerical approach
Authors: Pedersen Bård
Published: March 2008

The distribution of 725 species and 4 subspecies of vascular plants in 522 grid squares of 50×50 km within Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden was analysed by detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) and two‐way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN). Two phytogeographical gradients were recognized: a major gradient running both latitudinally and altitudinally, from southern and lowland areas to northern and mountain districts, and from southerly distributed species to alpine and northerly distributed species, and a secondary gradient running from eastern districts and easterly distributed species to western districts and westerly distributed species. The results are in agreement with previous recognized phytogeographical patterns within the considered area. Possible ecological and historical causes for these patterns are briefly discussed.
A new species of Nymphoides (Menyanthaceae) from India
Authors: Joseph K. T. , Sivarajan V. V.
Published: March 2008

The new species Nymphoides krishnakesara is described from India.
The identity of Hygrocybe vitellina and related species
Authors: Boertmann David
Published: March 2008

The identity of Hygrocybe vitellina is discussed based on a number of different interpretations. The interpretation given by Orton is considered to be correct, with H. luteolaeta as a synonym. H. vitellina sensu Møller is Hygrocybe citrinopallida, H. vitellina sensu. Lundell & Nannfeldt is Hygrocybe lepida and Hygrocybe vitellina sensu most European authors is misapplied Hygrocybe ceracea. A new section Oreocybe is proposed for H. citrinopallida, H. lilacina and H. xanthochora.
The lichen genus Physcia in Central and South America
Authors: Moberg Roland
Published: March 2008

Thirty‐four species of the lichen genus Physcia (s. str.) in Central and South America are defined. Morphology, anatomy, chemistry, distribution, habitat, relation to other taxa and some evolutionary trends are discussed. A key to the species is presented. Eleven species are described as new; P. cinerea, P. convexella, P. coronifera, P. decorticata, P. kalbii, P. lobulata, P. lopezii, P. manuelii, P. rolfii, P. sinuosa, and P. tenuis. P. nubila is a new name for Heterodermia desertorum.
The Justicia striata complex in tropical Africa (Justicia sect. Harnieria, Acanthaceae)
Authors: Hedrén Mikael
Published: March 2008

The Justicia striata complex is revised. Ten species are recognised, some of which are subdivided into subspecies and/or varieties. The morphological variation within the complex has been analysed by PC A and clustering methods. The complex is shown to be heterogeneous and the relationships with other parts of sect. Harnieria are discussed. Scatter diagrams, illustrations and distribution maps are also provided in addition to the enumeration of taxa.