bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The prevalence, age-of-onset and the correlates of DSM-IV psychiatric disorders in the Tianjin Mental Health Survey (TJMHS)
Authors: Yin H. , Xu G. , Tian H. , Yang G. , Wardenaar K. J. , Schoevers R. A.
Published: July 2017

Background

To effectively shape mental healthcare policy in modern-day China, up-to-date epidemiological data on mental disorders is needed. The objective was to estimate the prevalence, age-of-onset (AOO) and sociodemographic correlates of mental disorders in a representative household sample of the general population (age ⩾ 18) in the Tianjin Municipality in China.

Methods

Data came from the Tianjin Mental health Survey (TJMHS), which was conducted between July 2011 and March 2012 using a two-phase design. 11 748 individuals were screened with an expanded version of the General Health Questionnaire and 4438 subjects were selected for a diagnostic interview by a psychiatrist, using the Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual – fourth edition (SCID).

Results

The lifetime and 1-month prevalence of any mental disorder were 23.6% and 12.8%, respectively. Mood disorders (lifetime: 9.3%; 1-month: 3.9%), anxiety disorders (lifetime: 4.5% 1-month: 3.1%) and substance-use disorders (lifetime: 8.8%; 1-month: 3.5%) were most prevalent. The median AOO ranged from 25 years [interquartile range (IQR): 23–32] for substance-use disorders to 36 years (IQR: 24–50) for mood disorders. Not being married, non-immigrant status (i.e. local ‘Hukou’), being a farmer, having <6 years of education and male gender were associated with a higher lifetime prevalence of any mental disorder.

Conclusion

Results from the current survey indicate that mental disorders are steadily reported more commonly in rapidly-developing urban China. Several interesting sociodemographic correlates were observed (e.g. male gender and non-immigrant status) that warrant further investigation and could be used to profile persons in need of preventive intervention.
Surface surveys in the northern Troad and the identification of Çiğlitepe as ancient Arisbe
Authors: Arslan Nurettin
Published: July 2017

The region known as the Troad in western Anatolia is famed not only as the setting of Homer's Iliad but also for the Hellespont strait (modern Çanakkale Boğazı) linking the Sea of Marmara to the Aegean. In addition to large cities such as Sigeum, Abydus and Lampsacus, ancient writers also mention smaller cities located on the Hellespont. In this article, the location of the ancient city of Arisbe, presumed to have existed between Abydus and Lampsacus, is examined in the light of new archaeological data. Between 2002 and 2010, the author conducted surveys in the northern Troad. These surveys revealed an ancient settlement with archaeological material belonging to the Late Bronze Age, late Geometric, Archaic, Classical and Hellenistic periods. The location of this settlement, the archaeological data and information from ancient literary sources all indicate that this site should be identified as Arisbe.
Agricultural innovation and resilience in a long-lived early farming community: the 1,500-year sequence at Neolithic to early Chalcolithic Çatalhöyük, central Anatolia
Authors: Bogaard Amy , Filipović Dragana , Fairbairn Andrew , Green Laura , Stroud Elizabeth , Fuller Dorian , Charles Michael
Published: July 2017

Intensive archaeobotanical investigations at Çatalhöyük have created a unique opportunity to explore change and continuity in plant use through the ca 1,500-year Neolithic to early Chalcolithic sequence of an early established farming community. The combination of crops and herd animals in the earliest (Aceramic) part of the sequence reflects a distinct and diverse central Anatolian ‘package’ at the end of the eighth millennium cal. BC. Here we report evidence for near continual adjustment of cropping regimes through time at Çatalhöyük, featuring recruitment of minor crops or crop contaminants to become major staples. We use panarchy theory to frame an understanding of Çatalhöyük's long-term sustainability, arguing that its resilience was a function of three key factors: its diverse initial crop spectrum, which acted as an archive for later innovations; its modular social structure, enabling small-scale experimentation and innovation in cropping at the household level; and its agglomerated social morphology, allowing successful developments to be scaled up across the wider community. This case study in long-term sustainability through flexible, changeable cropping strategies is significant not only for understanding so-called boom and bust cycles elsewhere but also for informing wider agro-ecological understanding of sustainable development in central Anatolia and beyond.
The role of phonological and orthographic awareness in learning to read among Grade 1 and 2 students in Taiwan
Authors: HSUAN CHUNG-HUI , TSAI HENRY J. , STAINTHORP RHONA
Published: July 2017

The role of phonological and orthographic awareness on Chinese character reading from Grade 1 to 2 was investigated with 112 Taiwanese children. Phonological awareness (onset, rime, and tone), rudimentary orthographic awareness (character configuration and structure knowledge), and character reading were assessed in each grade. The strategy of learning to read novel characters using regular or sophisticated orthography-to-phonology correspondence rules or character mapping was tested in Grade 2. Our results suggested that (a) phonological and orthographic awarenesses are important in Grade 1, and tone awareness in Grade 1 uniquely predicts character reading in Grade 2; and (b) the use of sophisticated orthography-to-phonology correspondence rules and mapping strategy are crucial for character reading in Grades 1 and 2. In addition, phonological and rudimentary orthographic awarenesses are important for using sophisticated orthographic strategy when learning to read novel characters.
Effects of gloss type on text recall and incidental vocabulary learning in mobile-assisted L2 listening
Authors: Çakmak Fidel , Erçetin Gülcan
Published: July 2017

This study investigates the effects of multimedia glosses on text recall and incidental vocabulary learning in a mobile-assisted L2 listening task. A total of 88 participants with a low level of proficiency in English were randomly assigned to one of four conditions that involved single channel (textual-only, pictorial-only) and dual-channel (textual-plus-pictorial) glosses as well as a control condition where no glosses were provided. The participants listened to a story through their mobile phones and were engaged in an immediate free recall task and unannounced vocabulary tests after listening. The findings indicated that access to glosses facilitated recognition and production of vocabulary with the type of gloss having no effect. On the other hand, glosses had no effect on text recall.
A REASSESSMENT OF THE STATUS OF THREE TAXA WITHIN THE RHODODENDRON FORMOSUM COMPLEX (ERICACEAE: SUBSECT. MADDENIA) FROM NORTHEAST INDIA
Authors: Mao A. A. , Roy D. K. , Rushforth K.
Published: July 2017

A taxonomic investigation of the Rhododendron formosum complex in Northeast India was carried out. Both Rhododendron iteophyllum Hutch. and Rhododendron inaequale Hutch. are reinstated as distinct species using taxonomic characters based on comparing living plants. Detailed taxonomic accounts of Rhododendron formosum, R. iteophyllum and R. inaequale are provided, along with photographic illustrations.
DISCERNING TRENDS IN COMMODITY PRICES
Authors: Dimitropoulos Dimitri , Yatchew Adonis
Published: July 2017

This paper emphasizes the use of data-driven techniques to discern trends in commodity prices. Whereas many previous papers rely on parametric assumptions, we take as our departure point the view that such trends areinherentlynonparametric, driven by complex forces of innovation and obsolescence, competition and strategic behavior, resource depletion and discovery, and supply and demand. Our reference specification is the partial linear modelyt=f(t) +ztβ + ϵtwhere macroeconomic variableszenter parametrically, andfis nonparametric, to be discovered using cross-validation.

We analyze data on 11 commodities—3 hydrocarbons and 8 metals. For the majority of these commodities, our data-driven estimates offbear close similarity to band pass estimates which include long term trends and super cycles. The OPEC effect is estimated to have increased oil prices by over 50% on average and coal prices by about 25%. U.S. coal mining legislation is estimated to have increased coal prices by 9% to 15%.
A multicenter family practitioners’ research on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease screening using the COPD Assessment Test
Authors: Demirci Hakan , Eniste Koncuy , Basaran Ebru Onuker , Ocakoglu Gokhan , Yilmaz Zeynep , Tuna Sumeyye
Published: July 2017

Objectives

Spirometry is known to be a gold standard for the diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). COPD Assessment Test (CAT) is an eight-item questionnaire currently in use to evaluate patients with COPD. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate if CAT is an adequate tool for screening COPD.

Methods

In total, 600 persons aging ⩾40 years old were randomly selected from three different family practice units located in the city center. CAT was asked to the participants and a spirometry was used to assess pulmonary obstruction. Pulmonary obstruction was defined as forced expiratory volume in first second/forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC)<70% and then COPD diagnosis was confirmed with the reversibility test. The relationship between CAT results and pulmonary function test values was evaluated.

Results

In this sampling, the prevalence of COPD was 4.2%. Reliability of the CAT in the study group was acceptable (Cronbach’s α: 0.84). The CAT scores was significantly higher in patients with COPD (P<0.001). There was a significant negative correlation between CAT score and FEV1, FVC and FEV1/FVC ratio (r=−0.31, P<0.001; r=−0.26, P<0.001; r=0.18, P=0.001). Among smokers, phlegm was the predominating symptom (P=0.01). Sensitivity of CAT was 66.67% and its specificity was 75.15% to determine COPD.

Conclusions

CAT is a reliable questionnaire and there is an apparent relationship between the total CAT scores and COPD. However, CAT’s ability to screen COPD is limited since it may miss the symptom-free cases.
Generation and analysis of spheroids from human primary skin myofibroblasts: an experimental system to study myofibroblasts deactivation
Authors: Granato Giuseppina , Ruocco Maria R , Iaccarino Antonino , Masone Stefania , Calì Gaetano , Avagliano Angelica , Russo Valentina , Bellevicine Claudio , Di Spigna Gaetano , Fiume Giuseppe , Montagnani Stefania , Arcucci Alessandro
Published: July 2017

Myofibroblasts are activated fibroblasts involved in tissue repair and cancer. They are characterized byde novoexpression ofα-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), immunoregulatory phenotype and paracrine interaction with normal and tumorigenic cells leading to cell proliferation. At the end of wound-healing myofibroblasts undergo apoptotic cell death, whereasin vitro-activated fibroblasts are also subjected to a programmed necrosis-like cell death, termed nemosis, associated with cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression induction and inflammatory response. Furthermore, myofibroblasts form clusters during wound healing, fibrotic states and tumorigenesis. In this study, we generated and analysed clusters such as spheroids from human primary cutaneous myofibroblasts, which represent a part of stromal microenvironment better than established cell lines. Therefore, we evaluated apoptotic or necrotic cell death, inflammation and activation markers during myofibroblasts clustering. The spheroids formation did not trigger apoptosis, necrotic cell death and COX-2 protein induction. The significant decrease ofα-SMA in protein extracts of spheroids, the cytostatic effect exerted by spheroids conditioned medium on both normal and cancer cell lines and the absence of proliferation marker Ki-67 after 72 h of three-dimensional culture indicated that myofibroblasts have undergone a deactivation process within spheroids. The cells of spheroids reverted to adhesion growth preserved their proliferation capability and can re-acquire a myofibroblastic phenotype. Moreover, the spontaneous formation of clusters on plastic and glass substrates suggests that aggregates formation could be a physiological feature of cutaneous myofibroblasts. This study represents an experimental model to analyse myofibroblasts deactivation and suggests that fibroblast clusters could be a cell reservoir regulating tissues turnover.
MUC1 O-glycosylation contributes to anoikis resistance in epithelial cancer cells
Authors: Piyush Tushar , Rhodes Jonathan M , Yu Lu-Gang
Published: July 2017

Anoikis is a fundamental cellular process for maintaining tissue homeostasis. Resistance to anoikis is a hallmark of oncogenic epithelial–mesenchymal transition and is a pre-requisite for metastasis. Previous studies have revealed that the heavily glycosylated mucin protein MUC1, which is overexpressed in all types of epithelial cancer cells, prevents anoikis initiation in response to loss of adhesion. This effect of MUC1 is largely attributed to its extracellular domain that provides cell surface anoikis-initiating molecules with a ‘homing’ microenvironment. The present study investigated the influence of O-glycosylation on MUC1 extracellular domain on MUC1-mediated cell resistance to anoikis. It shows that stable suppression of the Core 1Gal-transferase (C1GT) by shRNA substantially reduces O-glycosylation in MUC1-positively transfected human colon cancer HCT116 cells and in high MUC1-expressing SW620 cells. Suppression of C1GT significantly increased anoikis of the MUC1-positive, but not MUC1-negative, cells in response to suspended culture. This effect was shown to be associated with increased ligand accessibility to cell surface anoikis-initiating molecules such as E-cadherin, integrinβ1 and Fas. These results indicate that the extensive O-glycosylation on MUC1 extracellular domain contributes to MUC1-mediated cell resistance to anoikis by facilitating MUC1-mediated prohibition of activation of the cell surface anoikis-initiating molecules in response to loss of cell adhesion. This provides insight into the molecular mechanism of anoikis regulation and highlights the importance of cellular glycosylation in cancer progression and metastasis.
Enhanced anti-tumour immunity requires the interplay between resident and circulating memory CD8+ T cells
Authors: Enamorado Michel , Iborra Salvador , Priego Elena , Cueto Francisco J. , Quintana Juan A. , Martínez-Cano Sarai , Mejías-Pérez Ernesto , Esteban Mariano , Melero Ignacio , Hidalgo Andrés , Sancho David
Published: July 2017

The goal of successful anti-tumoural immunity is the development of long-term protective immunity to prevent relapse. Infiltration of tumours with CD8+ T cells with a resident memory (Trm) phenotype correlates with improved survival. However, the interplay of circulating CD8+ T cells and Trm cells remains poorly explored in tumour immunity. Using different vaccination strategies that fine-tune the generation of Trm cells or circulating memory T cells, here we show that, while both subsets are sufficient for anti-tumour immunity, the presence of Trm cells improves anti-tumour efficacy. Transferred central memory T cells (Tcm) generate Trm cells following viral infection or tumour challenge. Anti-PD-1 treatment promotes infiltration of transferred Tcm cells within tumours, improving anti-tumour immunity. Moreover, Batf3-dependent dendritic cells are essential for reactivation of circulating memory anti-tumour response. Our findings show the plasticity, collaboration and requirements for reactivation of memory CD8+ T cells subsets needed for optimal tumour vaccination and immunotherapy.
Targeting the differential addiction to anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family for cancer therapy
Authors: Inoue-Yamauchi Akane , Jeng Paul S. , Kim Kwanghee , Chen Hui-Chen , Han Song , Ganesan Yogesh Tengarai , Ishizawa Kota , Jebiwott Sylvia , Dong Yiyu , Pietanza Maria C. , Hellmann Matthew D. , Kris Mark G. , Hsieh James J. , Cheng Emily H.
Published: July 2017

BCL-2 family proteins are central regulators of mitochondrial apoptosis and validated anti-cancer targets. Using small cell lung cancer (SCLC) as a model, we demonstrated the presence of differential addiction of cancer cells to anti-apoptotic BCL-2, BCL-XL or MCL-1, which correlated with the respective protein expression ratio. ABT-263 (navitoclax), a BCL-2/BCL-XL inhibitor, prevented BCL-XL from sequestering activator BH3-only molecules (BH3s) and BAX but not BAK. Consequently, ABT-263 failed to kill BCL-XL-addicted cells with low activator BH3s and BCL-XL overabundance conferred resistance to ABT-263. High-throughput screening identified anthracyclines including doxorubicin and CDK9 inhibitors including dinaciclib that synergized with ABT-263 through downregulation of MCL-1. As doxorubicin and dinaciclib also reduced BCL-XL, the combinations of BCL-2 inhibitor ABT-199 (venetoclax) with doxorubicin or dinaciclib provided effective therapeutic strategies for SCLC. Altogether, our study highlights the need for mechanism-guided targeting of anti-apoptotic BCL-2 proteins to effectively activate the mitochondrial cell death programme to kill cancer cells.
p62/SQSTM1/Sequestosome-1 is an N-recognin of the N-end rule pathway which modulates autophagosome biogenesis
Authors: Cha-Molstad Hyunjoo , Yu Ji Eun , Feng Zhiwei , Lee Su Hyun , Kim Jung Gi , Yang Peng , Han Bitnara , Sung Ki Woon , Yoo Young Dong , Hwang Joonsung , McGuire Terry , Shim Sang Mi , Song Hyun Dong , Ganipisetti Srinivasrao , Wang Nuozhou , Jang Jun Min , Lee Min Jae , Kim Seung Jun , Lee Kyung Ho , Hong Jin Tae , Ciechanover Aaron , Mook-Jung Inhee , Kim Kwang Pyo , Xie Xiang-Qun , Kwon Yong Tae , Kim Bo Yeon
Published: July 2017

Macroautophagy mediates the selective degradation of proteins and non-proteinaceous cellular constituents. Here, we show that the N-end rule pathway modulates macroautophagy. In this mechanism, the autophagic adapter p62/SQSTM1/Sequestosome-1 is an N-recognin that binds type-1 and type-2 N-terminal degrons (N-degrons), including arginine (Nt-Arg). Both types of N-degrons bind its ZZ domain. By employing three-dimensional modeling, we developed synthetic ligands to p62 ZZ domain. The binding of Nt-Arg and synthetic ligands to ZZ domain facilitates disulfide bond-linked aggregation of p62 and p62 interaction with LC3, leading to the delivery of p62 and its cargoes to the autophagosome. Upon binding to its ligand, p62 acts as a modulator of macroautophagy, inducing autophagosome biogenesis. Through these dual functions, cells can activate p62 and induce selective autophagy upon the accumulation of autophagic cargoes. We also propose that p62 mediates the crosstalk between the ubiquitin-proteasome system and autophagy through its binding Nt-Arg and other N-degrons.
In situ stable crack growth at the micron scale
Authors: Sernicola Giorgio , Giovannini Tommaso , Patel Punit , Kermode James R. , Balint Daniel S. , Britton T. Ben , Giuliani Finn
Published: July 2017

Grain boundaries typically dominate fracture toughness, strength and slow crack growth in ceramics. To improve these properties through mechanistically informed grain boundary engineering, precise measurement of the mechanical properties of individual boundaries is essential, although it is rarely achieved due to the complexity of the task. Here we present an approach to characterize fracture energy at the lengthscale of individual grain boundaries and demonstrate this capability with measurement of the surface energy of silicon carbide single crystals. We perform experiments using an in situ scanning electron microscopy-based double cantilever beam test, thus enabling viewing and measurement of stable crack growth directly. These experiments correlate well with our density functional theory calculations of the surface energy of the same silicon carbide plane. Subsequently, we measure the fracture energy for a bi-crystal of silicon carbide, diffusion bonded with a thin glassy layer.
Deciphering minimal antigenic epitopes associated with Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei lipopolysaccharide O-antigens
Authors: Tamigney Kenfack Marielle , Mazur Marcelina , Nualnoi Teerapat , Shaffer Teresa L. , Ngassimou Abba , Blériot Yves , Marrot Jérôme , Marchetti Roberta , Sintiprungrat Kitisak , Chantratita Narisara , Silipo Alba , Molinaro Antonio , AuCoin David P. , Burtnick Mary N. , Brett Paul J. , Gauthier Charles
Published: July 2017

Burkholderia pseudomallei (Bp) and Burkholderia mallei (Bm), the etiologic agents of melioidosis and glanders, respectively, cause severe disease in both humans and animals. Studies have highlighted the importance of Bp and Bm lipopolysaccharides (LPS) as vaccine candidates. Here we describe the synthesis of seven oligosaccharides as the minimal structures featuring all of the reported acetylation/methylation patterns associated with Bp and Bm LPS O-antigens (OAgs). Our approach is based on the conversion of an l-rhamnose into a 6-deoxy-l-talose residue at a late stage of the synthetic sequence. Using biochemical and biophysical methods, we demonstrate the binding of several Bp and Bm LPS-specific monoclonal antibodies with terminal OAg residues. Mice immunized with terminal disaccharide–CRM197 constructs produced high-titer antibody responses that crossreacted with Bm-like OAgs. Collectively, these studies serve as foundation for the development of novel therapeutics, diagnostics, and vaccine candidates to combat diseases caused by Bp and Bm.
AGC family kinase 1 participates in trogocytosis but not in phagocytosis in Entamoeba histolytica
Authors: Somlata  , Nakada-Tsukui Kumiko , Nozaki Tomoyoshi
Published: July 2017

The protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica is the aetiologic agent of amoebiasis, an endemic infection in developing countries with considerable morbidity and mortality. Recently, trogocytosis has been recognized as the key step in amoebic cytolysis and invasion, a paradigm shift in understanding pathogenicity of this organism. Here we report that AGC family kinase 1 is specifically involved in trogocytosis of live human cells and does not participate in phagocytosis of dead cells. Live imaging reveals localization of this kinase in the long and thin tunnels formed during trogocytosis but not in the trogosomes (endosomes formed after trogocytosis). Silencing of the specific gene leads to a defect in CHO cell destruction and trogocytosis while other endocytic processes remain unaffected. The results suggest that the trogocytic pathway is likely to be different from phagocytosis though many of the steps and molecules involved may be common.
Norgestimate inhibits staphylococcal biofilm formation and resensitizes methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to β-lactam antibiotics
Authors: Yoshii Yutaka , Okuda Ken-ichi , Yamada Satomi , Nagakura Mari , Sugimoto Shinya , Nagano Tetsuo , Okabe Takayoshi , Kojima Hirotatsu , Iwamoto Takeo , Kuwano Kazuyoshi , Mizunoe Yoshimitsu
Published: July 2017

Formation of bacterial biofilms on medical devices can cause severe or fatal infectious diseases. In particular, biofilm-associated infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus are difficult to eradicate because the biofilm is strongly resistant to antibiotics and the host immune response. There is no effective treatment for biofilm-associated infectionss, except for surgical removal of contaminated medical devices followed by antibiotic therapy. Here we show that norgestimate, an acetylated progestin, effectively inhibits biofilm formation by staphylococcal strains, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus, without inhibiting their growth, decreasing the selective pressure for emergence of resistance. 17-Deacetyl norgestimate, a metabolite of norgestimate, shows much weaker inhibitory activity against staphylococcal biofilm formation, indicating that the acetyl group of norgestimate is important for its activity. Norgestimate inhibits staphylococcal biofilm formation by inhibiting production of polysaccharide intercellular adhesin and proteins in the extracellular matrix. Proteome analysis of S. aureus indicated that norgestimate represses the expression of the cell wall-anchored protein SasG, which promotes intercellular adhesion, and of the glycolytic enzyme enolase, which plays a secondary role in biofilm formation. Notably, norgestimate induces remarkable changes in cell wall morphology, characterized by increased thickness and abnormal rippled septa. Furthermore, norgestimate increases the expression level of penicillin binding protein 2 and resensitizes methicillin-resistant S. aureus to β-lactam antibiotics. These results suggest that norgestimate is a promising lead compound for the development of drugs to treat biofilm-associated infections, as well as for its ability to resensitize methicillin-resistant S. aureus to β-lactam antibiotics.
Protecting quantum Fisher information of N-qubit GHZ state by weak measurement with flips against dissipation
Authors: Chen Yu , Zou Jian , Long Zheng-wen , Shao Bin
Published: July 2017

In this paper we propose a scheme by using weak-measurement-based pre- and post-flips (WMPPF) to protect the average quantum Fisher information (QFI) in the independent amplitude-damping channel (ADC) for N-qubit GHZ state and generalized N-qubit GHZ states. We also discuss the weak measurement and quantum measurement reversal (WMQMR) with the same ADC. Based on the analytical and numerical results we obtain the main result: the WMPPF can reduce the effect of dissipation on the average QFI of the phase or the frequency for GHZ state and some generalized GHZ states, and the WMQMR can reduce the effect of dissipation on the average fidelity for GHZ state and generalized GHZ states in ADC. Comparing QFI with fidelity for WMPPF or for WMQMR, a scheme protecting the average fidelity does not necessarily protect the average QFI, even with the same parameters, and vice versa. We also focus on the average QFI versus N in the phase estimation and the frequency estimation of WMPPF, both of which show the advantages over the do-nothing (DN) case. From the investigation of the QFI of weight factor, we find that increasing qubit number can protect it both for WMPPF and for DN.
Decreasing prevalence of dementia in 85-year olds examined 22 years apart: the influence of education and stroke
Authors: Skoog Ingmar , Börjesson-Hanson Anne , Kern Silke , Johansson Lena , Falk Hanna , Sigström Robert , Östling Svante
Published: July 2017

Individuals aged 80 years and older constitute the fastest growing segment of the population worldwide, leading to an expected increase in dementia cases. Education level and treatment of vascular risk factors has increased during the last decades. We examined whether this has influenced the prevalence of dementia according to DSM-III-R using population-based samples of 85-year-olds (N = 1065) examined with identical methods 1986–87 and 2008–10. The prevalence of dementia was 29.8% in 1986–87 and 21.7% in 2008–10 (OR 0.66; 95%-CI: 0.50–0.86). The decline was mainly observed for vascular dementia. The proportion with more than basic education (25.2% and 57.7%), and the prevalence of stroke (20% and 30%) increased, but the odds ratio for dementia with stroke decreased from 4.3 to 1.8 (interaction stroke*birth cohort; p = 0.008). In a logistic regression, education (OR 0.70; 95%-CI 0.51–0.96), stroke (OR 3.78; 95%-CI 2.28–6.29), interaction stroke*birth cohort (OR 0.50; 95%-CI 0.26–0.97), but not birth cohort (OR 0.98; 95%-CI 0.68–1.41), were related to prevalence of dementia. Thus, the decline in dementia prevalence was mainly explained by higher education and lower odds for dementia with stroke in later born birth cohorts. The findings may be related to an increased cognitive reserve and better treatment of stroke in later-born cohorts.
Maternal dendrimer-based therapy for inflammation-induced preterm birth and perinatal brain injury
Authors: Lei Jun , Rosenzweig Jason M. , Mishra Manoj K. , Alshehri Wael , Brancusi Flavia , McLane Mike , Almalki Ahmad , Bahabry Rudhab , Arif Hattan , Rozzah Rayyan , Alyousif Ghada , Shabi Yahya , Alhehaily Nader , Zhong Wenyu , Facciabene Andrea , Kannan Sujatha , Kannan Rangaramanujam M. , Burd Irina
Published: July 2017

Preterm birth is a major risk factor for adverse neurological outcomes in ex-preterm children, including motor, cognitive, and behavioral disabilities. N-acetyl-L-cysteine therapy has been used in clinical studies; however, it requires doses that cause significant side effects. In this study, we explore the effect of low dose N-acetyl-L-cysteine therapy, delivered using a targeted, systemic, maternal, dendrimer nanoparticle (DNAC), in a mouse model of intrauterine inflammation. Our results demonstrated that intraperitoneal maternal DNAC administration significantly reduced the preterm birth rate and altered placental immune profile with decreased CD8+ T-cell infiltration. Furthermore, we demonstrated that DNAC improved neurobehavioral outcomes and reduced fetal neuroinflammation and long-term microglial activation in offspring. Our study is the first to provide evidence for the role of CD8+ T-cell in the maternal-fetal interface during inflammation and further support the efficacy of DNAC in preventing preterm birth and prematurity-related outcomes.
Influence of C-terminal truncation of murine Serum amyloid A on fibril structure
Authors: Rennegarbe Matthies , Lenter Inga , Schierhorn Angelika , Sawilla Romy , Haupt Christian
Published: July 2017

Amyloid A (AA) amyloidosis is a systemic protein misfolding disease affecting humans and other vertebrates. While the protein precursor in humans and mice is the acute-phase reactant serum amyloid A (SAA) 1.1, the deposited fibrils consist mainly of C-terminally truncated SAA fragments, termed AA proteins. For yet unknown reasons, phenotypic variations in the AA amyloid distribution pattern are clearly associated with specific AA proteins. Here we describe a bacterial expression system and chromatographic strategies to obtain significant amounts of C-terminally truncated fragments of murine SAA1.1 that correspond in truncation position to relevant pathological AA proteins found in humans. This enables us to investigate systematically structural features of derived fibrils. All fragments form fibrils under nearly physiological conditions that show similar morphological appearance and amyloid-like properties as evident from amyloid-specific dye binding, transmission electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. However, infrared spectroscopy suggests variations in the structural organization of the amyloid fibrils that might be derived from a modulating role of the C-terminus for the fibril structure. These results provide insights, which can help to get a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the different clinical phenotypes of AA amyloidosis.
BRD3 and BRD4 BET Bromodomain Proteins Differentially Regulate Skeletal Myogenesis
Authors: Roberts Thomas C. , Etxaniz Usue , Dall’Agnese Alessandra , Wu Shwu-Yuan , Chiang Cheng-Ming , Brennan Paul E. , Wood Matthew J. A. , Puri Pier Lorenzo
Published: July 2017

Myogenic differentiation proceeds through a highly coordinated cascade of gene activation that necessitates epigenomic changes in chromatin structure. Using a screen of small molecule epigenetic probes we identified three compounds which inhibited myogenic differentiation in C2C12 myoblasts; (+)-JQ1, PFI-1, and Bromosporine. These molecules target Bromodomain and Extra Terminal domain (BET) proteins, which are epigenetic readers of acetylated histone lysine tail residues. BETi-mediated anti-myogenic effects were also observed in a model of MYOD1-mediated myogenic conversion of human fibroblasts, and in primary mouse and human myoblasts. All three BET proteins BRD2, BRD3 and BRD4 exhibited distinct and dynamic patterns of protein expression over the course of differentiation without concomitant changes in mRNA levels, suggesting that BET proteins are regulated at the post-transcriptional level. Specific BET protein knockdown by RNA interference revealed that BRD4 was required for myogenic differentiation, whereas BRD3 down-regulation resulted in enhanced myogenic differentiation. ChIP experiments revealed a preferential binding of BRD4 to theMyogpromoter during C2C12 myoblast differentiation, co-incident with increased levels of H3K27 acetylation. These results have identified an essential role for BET proteins in the regulation of skeletal myogenesis, and assign distinct functions to BRD3 and BRD4.
Physiological and transcriptome analysis of He-Ne laser pretreated wheat seedlings in response to drought stress
Authors: Qiu Zongbo , Yuan Mengmeng , He Yanyan , Li Yongfang , Zhang Liang
Published: July 2017

Drought stress is a serious problem worldwide that reduces crop productivity. The laser has been shown to play a positive physiological role in enhancing plant seedlings tolerance to various abiotic stresses. However, little information is available about the molecular mechanism of He-Ne laser irradiation induced physiological changes for wheat adapting to drought conditions. Here, we performed a large-scale transcriptome sequencing to determine the molecular roles of He-Ne laser pretreated wheat seedlings under drought stress. There were 98.822 transcripts identified, and, among them, 820 transcripts were found to be differentially expressed in He-Ne laser pretreated wheat seedlings under drought stress compared with drought stress alone. Furthermore, most representative transcripts related to photosynthesis, nutrient uptake and transport, homeostasis control of reactive oxygen species and transcriptional regulation were expressed predominantly in He-Ne laser pretreated wheat seedlings. Thus, the up-regulated physiological processes of photosynthesis, antioxidation and osmotic accumulation because of the modified expressions of the related genes could contribute to the enhanced drought tolerance induced by He-Ne laser pretreatment. These findings will expand our understanding of the complex molecular events associated with drought tolerance conferred by laser irradiation in wheat and provide abundant genetic resources for future studies on plant adaptability to environmental stresses.
Skin renewal activity of non-thermal plasma through the activation of β-catenin in keratinocytes
Authors: Choi J. H. , Song Y. S. , Song K. , Lee H. J. , Hong J. W. , Kim G. C.
Published: July 2017

For recent years, devices that generate non-thermal plasma (NTP) have been introduced into the field of dermatology. Since NTP has demonstrated strong anti-pathogenic activity with safety of use, NTP was first applied to sterilize the skin surface to aid in the healing of various kinds of skin diseases. However, the effect of NTP on skin regeneration has not yet been fully explored. In this study, the effect of NTP on the growth of keratinocytes was tested using the HaCaT human keratinocyte cell line and HRM2 hairless mice. Treatment with NTP allowed confluent keratinocytes to escape from G1 cell cycle arrest and increased the proportion of cells in S and G2 phases. In particular, NTP treatment immediately dispersed E-cadherin-mediated cell-to-cell interactions, resulting in the translocation of β-catenin to the nucleus and leading to the enhanced transcription of target genes including c-MYC and cyclin D1. Moreover, repeated treatment of the mice with NTP also stimulated epidermal expansion by activating β-catenin in the epidermal cells. The symptoms of cellular DNA damage were not detected after NTP treatment. Taken together, these results demonstrate that NTP may be employed as a new type of skin regenerating device.
A novel storage and extraction method using solid-phase adsorption and ultrasonic-assisted nebulization extraction coupled to solid phase extraction
Authors: Zhang Peixu , Li Xuwen , Cui Li , Chen Jiafeng , Qu Yan , Wang Xiaozhong , Wu Qian , Liu Ying , Zhou Chunkui , Jin Yongri
Published: July 2017

A novel storage and extraction method was developed for biofluids.
Tuning the redox potential of vitamin K3 derivatives by oxidative functionalization using a Ag(i)/GO catalyst
Authors: El-Hout S. I. , Suzuki H. , El-Sheikh S. M. , Hassan H. M. A. , Harraz F. A. , Ibrahim I. A. , El-Sharkawy E. A. , Tsujimura S. , Holzinger M. , Nishina Y.
Published: July 2017

We propose herein initial results to develop optimum redox mediators by the combination of computational simulation and catalytic functionalization of the core structure of vitamin K3.
Ionic liquid [OMIm][OAc] directly inducing oxidation cleavage of the β-O-4 bond of lignin model compounds
Authors: Yang Yingying , Fan Honglei , Meng Qinglei , Zhang Zhaofu , Yang Guanying , Han Buxing
Published: July 2017

Ionic liquids can effectively induce the transformation of lignin model compounds into aromatic compounds by aerobic oxidation under metal-free conditions.
Catalytic role of vacancy diffusion in ceria supported atomic gold catalyst
Authors: Han Zhong-Kang , Wang Yang-Gang , Gao Yi
Published: July 2017

The diffusion of Ov between the surface and subsurface layer is shown to promote the reactivity of CO oxidation
A series of six-membered lanthanide rings based on 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,2′,2″-nitrilotriethanol: synthesis, crystal structures and magnetic properties
Authors: Hu Peng , Yin Lei , Mao Nan-nan , Yu Fan , Li Bao , Wang Zhen-xing , Zhang Tianle
Published: July 2017

A series of six-membered ring cyclic lanthanide(iii) clusters have been constructed by utilizing the pentol ligand.
Metal–organic framework catalysis
Authors: Doonan Christian J. , Sumby Christopher J.
Published: July 2017

Welcome to this CrystEngComm themed issue entitled “Metal–organic framework catalysis.”
Transport of water molecules through noncylindrical pores in multilayer nanoporous graphene
Authors: Shahbabaei Majid , Kim Daejoong
Published: July 2017

The permeability inside a multilayer hourglass-shaped pore depends on the length of the flow path of the water molecules.
The evolution of Fe phases of a fused iron catalyst during reduction and Fischer–Tropsch synthesis
Authors: Zhang Juan , Abbas Mohamed , Chen Jiangang
Published: July 2017

The phase composition of a fused Fe catalyst during reduction and reaction was quantitatively determined, and the initial FTS activity was correlated to the iron carbide surface area.
DOTA analogues with a phosphinate-iminodiacetate pendant arm: modification of the complex formation rate with a strongly chelating pendant
Authors: Procházková Soňa , Kubíček Vojtěch , Böhmová Zuzana , Holá Kateřina , Kotek Jan , Hermann Petr
Published: July 2017

The formation of highly stable out-of-cage complexes slows down the transfer of the metal ion into the cavity of the macrocyclic ligand.
The role of iodide in the formation of lithium hydroxide in lithium–oxygen batteries
Authors: Tułodziecki Michał , Leverick Graham M. , Amanchukwu Chibueze V. , Katayama Yu , Kwabi David G. , Bardé Fanny , Hammond Paula T. , Shao-Horn Yang
Published: July 2017

Iodide ions promote deprotonation of water; in consequence LiOH/LiOH·H2O is formed as a final discharge product.
Anthocyanins inhibit tumor necrosis alpha-induced loss of Caco-2 cell barrier integrity
Authors: Cremonini Eleonora , Mastaloudis Angela , Hester Shelly N. , Verstraeten Sandra V. , Anderson Maureen , Wood Steven M. , Waterhouse Andrew L. , Fraga Cesar G. , Oteiza Patricia I.
Published: July 2017

Anthocyanins inhibit tumor necrosis alpha-induced loss of Caco-2 cell barrier integrity via inhibition of NF-κB.
Preparation and evaluation of mesoporous carbon derived from waste materials for hybrid-type Li–air batteries
Authors: Kim Kyoungho , Kim Minsoo P. , Lee Wang-Geun
Published: July 2017

Our MPC-based hybrid Li–air battery exhibits a good round-trip efficiency (MPC: 70.0% vs. Vulcan: 58.9%) and cycling performance over 20 cycles.
CsF-promoted carboxylation of aryl(hetaryl) terminal alkynes with atmospheric CO2 at room temperature
Authors: Yu B. , Yang P. , Gao X. , Yang Z. Z. , Zhao Y. F. , Zhang H. Y. , Liu Z. M.
Published: July 2017

A CsF-promoted carboxylation of aryl(hetaryl) terminal alkynes with atmospheric CO2 in the presence of trimethylsilylacetylene at room temperature was developed.
An efficient catalyst-free one-pot synthesis of primary amides from the aldehydes of the Baylis–Hillman reaction
Authors: Narendar Reddy Thatikonda , Raktani Bikshapathi , Perla Ramesh , Ravinder Mettu , Vaidya Jayathirtha Rao , Babu N. Jagadeesh
Published: July 2017

Herein, a facile and efficient method for the preparation of allyl amides from the aldehydes of Baylis–Hillman adducts has been developed using a hydroxylamine/methanol system under a catalyst-free condition.
Liquid exfoliation of 2D MoS2nanosheets and their utilization as a label-free electrochemical immunoassay for subclinical ketosis
Authors: Tuteja Satish K. , Duffield Todd , Neethirajan Suresh
Published: July 2017

Schematic illustration of 2D MoS2exfoliation into nanostructures using sonication, and subsequent attachment to the working surface of gold modified SPEs by electrodeposition. By virtue of bioconjugation, the MoS2modified SPEs were then functionalised with βHBA antibodies to develop a biointerface.
A copper-templated, bifunctional organocatalyst: a strongly cooperative dynamic system for the aldol reaction
Authors: Serra-Pont Anna , Alfonso Ignacio , Solà Jordi , Jimeno Ciril
Published: July 2017

A copper-templated bifunctional organocatalyst delivers aldol adducts in high yields and stereoselectivities.
Lasiodiplactone A, a novel lactone from the mangrove endophytic fungus Lasiodiplodia theobromae ZJ-HQ1
Authors: Chen Senhua , Liu Zhaoming , Liu Hongju , Long Yuhua , Chen Dongni , Lu Yongjun , She Zhigang
Published: July 2017

Lasiodiplactone A (1), an unprecedented lactone, was obtained from the mangrove endophytic fungus Lasiodiplodia theobromae ZJ-HQ1.
Regiodivergent radical oxidative coupling of vinyl ethers with dithiane by copper or iron catalysis
Authors: Liu Teng , Min Deng , Liang Yongping , Yuan Xinyu , Zhang Yuan , Liu Jian , Tang Shouchu
Published: July 2017

Direct regioselective C–H dithioacetalization of readily available vinyl ethers to yield a variety of substituted dithianes under a copper or iron catalysis has been developed.
Sortase A-mediated on-resin peptide cleavage and in situ ligation: an efficient one-pot strategy for the synthesis of functional peptides and proteins
Authors: Cheng Xiaozhong , Zhu Tao , Hong Haofei , Zhou Zhifang , Wu Zhimeng
Published: July 2017

A one-pot approach combining Sortase A mediated on-resin peptide cleavage, activation and in situ ligation was developed and was employed to synthesize dual functional peptides, modify peptides with lipid, biotin and PEG, as well as protein N-terminal labeling in high efficiency.
Intramolecular charge transfer induced emission from triphenylamine-o-carborane dyads
Authors: Wan Yi , Li Junfeng , Peng Xuelei , Huang Chao , Qi Qi , Lai Wen-Yong , Huang Wei
Published: July 2017

o-Carborane-based triphenylamine dyads were explored, with highly efficient emissions in the solid state, induced by intramolecular charge transfer (ICT).
High turnover in electro-oxidation of alcohols and ethers with a glassy carbon-supported phenanthroimidazole mediator
Authors: Johnson Bruce M. , Francke Robert , Little R. Daniel , Berben Louise A.
Published: July 2017

Glassy carbon electrodes covalently modified with a phenanthroimidazole mediator promote electrochemical alcohol and ether oxidation: three orders of magnitude increase in TON, to ∼15 000 in each case, was observed compared with homogeneous mediated reactions.
Carbide-derived carbon beads with tunable nanopores from continuously produced polysilsesquioxanes for supercapacitor electrodes
Authors: Krüner Benjamin , Odenwald Christina , Tolosa Aura , Schreiber Anna , Aslan Mesut , Kickelbick Guido , Presser Volker
Published: July 2017

The MicroJet reactor was used to manufacture polyorganosilsesquioxane beads which were pyrolyzed to obtain silicon oxycarbides and chlorinated to obtain carbide-derived carbon for supercapacitor application.
Language Assessment With Children Who Speak Nonmainstream Dialects: Examining the Effects of Scoring Modifications in Norm-Referenced Assessment
Authors: Hendricks Alison Eisel , Adlof Suzanne M.
Published: July 2017

Purpose

We compared outcomes from 2 measures of language ability in children who displayed a range of dialect variation: 1 using features that do not contrast between mainstream American English (MAE) and nonmainstream dialects (NMAE), and 1 using contrastive features. We investigated how modified scoring procedures affected the diagnostic accuracy of the measure with contrastive features.

Method

Second-grade students (
N
= 299; 167 White, 106 African American, 26 other) completed measures of language variation and ability (the Diagnostic Evaluation of Language Variation–Screening Test and the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals–Fourth Edition [CELF-4]). The CELF-4 was scored with and without the recommended scoring modifications for children who spoke African American English.

Results

Partial correlations controlling for socioeconomic status revealed small to moderate correlations between measures of language ability and the use of NMAE features. Modified scoring yielded higher scores for children who spoke African American English and a reduced association between the use of NMAE features and CELF-4 scores. Modified scoring also affected the diagnostic accuracy of the CELF-4, resulting in a lower positive likelihood ratio and a higher negative likelihood ratio.

Conclusions

The decision to apply scoring modifications affects both the false positive and false negative rates. Implications for language assessment for children who speak NMAE dialects are discussed, including the need for further investigation.
Symmetric faceting of a sapphire vicinal surface revealed by grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering 3D mapping
Authors: Matringe C. , Fakih A. , Thune E. , Babonneau D. , Arnaud S. , Blanc N. , Boudet N. , Guinebretière R.
Published: July 2017

A one dimensional periodic vicinal surface of sapphire was obtained through a self-ordering process after high-temperature thermal treatment. The morphology of the surface is described as an assembly of prisms exhibiting a rectangular base and a triangular profile orthogonal to the mean surface. Careful measurements of the whole 3D reciprocal map around the origin of the reciprocal space were performed through grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering experiments combined with a strict orientation procedure with respect to specific crystallographic directions of the sapphire crystal. We were thus able to determine accurately the actual shape of the prisms, which exhibit an isosceles triangular profile. Such a profile symmetric with respect to a plane normal to the mean sapphire vicinal surface has never been reported.
Perspective: Photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to solar fuels over semiconductors
Authors: Peng Chao , Reid Glenn , Wang Haifeng , Hu P.
Published: July 2017

Increasing emissions of carbon dioxide and the depletion of finite fossil fuels have led to many concerns about global warming and energy crises. Consequently, a sustainable and alternative method, photocatalytic CO2 reduction to chemical fuels has received considerable attention. This perspective highlights recent knowledge and the main challenges in CO2 photoreduction primarily from the theoretical field. The fundamental understanding of CO2 adsorption and reaction mechanism at an atomic level is fully addressed, and the relevant effects dominating the process of CO2 photoreduction are also elucidated. Moreover, recent development of photocatalysts including structural modification is presented, which greatly affects the efficiency and selectivity of CO2 conversion. Finally, the possibilities and challenges in this field are discussed.