bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Структурные свойства и состав графитоподобных углеродных пленок, полученных импульсным лазерным испарением
Authors: Ершов И.В. , Пруцакова Н.В. , Холодова О.М. , Лаврентьев А.А. , Мардасова И.В. , Жданова Т.П.
Published: December 2020

Исследованы структура и состав графитоподобных углеродных пленок, полученных методом импульсного лазерного осаждения в атмосфере инертного газа с использованием сублимируемых углеродных лент. Полученные пленки были изучены с помощью рентгеновской дифракции, фотоэлектронной спектроскопии и спектроскопии комбинационного рассеяния света. Рентгеноструктурный анализ показал, что полученные пленки имеют структуру, характерную для турбостратного углерода и восстановленного оксида графена. Анализ фотоэлектронных спектров позволил сделать вывод о значительном уменьшении содержания кислорода и водорода в полученных пленках по сравнению с материалом мишени, а также о значительном снижении содержания sp3-фазы. С использованием спектроскопии комбинационного рассеяния было показано, что углеродные пленки имеют характерные признаки нанокристаллического графита/графена и двумерную (турбостратную) структуру с характерными размерами sp2-кристаллитов порядка 15-18 nm в зависимости от плотности энергии лазерного импульса. Ключевые слова: нанокристаллический графит, турбостратная структура, спектроскопия комбинационное рассеяние света, рентгеновская фотоэлектронная спектроскопии, импульсное лазерное осаждение.
He Korowai Manaaki (Pregnancy Wraparound Care): Protocol for a Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Lawton Beverley , Storey Francesca , Sibanda Nokuthaba , Bennett Matthew , Lambert Charles , Geller Stacie , Edmonds Liza , Cram Fiona
Published: December 2020

Background

Maternal and infant health inequities between Māori (the Indigenous peoples of Aotearoa New Zealand) and New Zealand European women are well documented and cannot be explained solely by socioeconomic status. A research center-iwi (tribal group) partnership aims to address these disparities and improve maternal and infant health outcomes by implementing an augmented maternity care pathway (He Korowai Manaaki) to improve access to services and evidence-informed care.

Objective

The objective of this study is to test whether an augmented maternity care pathway improves Māori infant health outcomes.

Methods

This is a Kaupapa Māori (by, with, and for Māori) cluster randomized clinical trial involving 8 primary care practices allocated to either an intervention arm or control arm. The intervention arm comprises an augmented maternity care pathway (He Korowai Manaaki) offering clinical care through additional paid health care appointments and improved access to social support (eg, housing, transport). The control arm is usual care. The primary outcome is increased timely vaccination for Māori infants, defined as all age-appropriate vaccinations completed by 6 months of age.

Results

Recruitment commenced in November 2018 and was completed in June 2020, with 251 enrolled women recruited in intervention primary care practices before 20 weeks of pregnancy. Publication of results is anticipated in late 2023.

Conclusions

The results will inform primary health care policy including whether the provision of augmented maternal care pathways reduces disparities in the structural determinants of health. If effective, He Korowai Manaaki will strengthen the health and well-being of pregnant Māori women and their babies and improve their health outcomes, laying a strong foundation for lifelong health and well-being.

Trial Registration

Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12619001155189; https://tinyurl.com/yypbef8q

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/18154
Telemedicine and the Use of Korean Medicine for Patients With COVID-19 in South Korea: Observational Study
Authors: Jang Soobin , Kim Dongsu , Yi Eunhee , Choi Gunhee , Song Mideok , Lee Eun-Kyoung
Published: December 2020

Background

COVID-19 was first reported in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, and it has since spread worldwide. The Association of Korean Medicine (AKOM) established the COVID-19 telemedicine center of Korean medicine (KM telemedicine center) in Daegu and Seoul.

Objective

The aim of this study was to describe the results of the KM telemedicine center and the clinical possibility of using herbal medicines for COVID-19.

Methods

All procedures were conducted by voice call following standardized guidelines. The students in the reception group obtained informed consent from participants and they collected basic information. Subsequently, Korean Medicine doctors assessed COVID-19–related symptoms and prescribed the appropriate herbal medicine according to the KM telemedicine guidelines. The data of patients who completed the program by June 30, 2020, were analyzed.

Results

From March 9 to June 30, 2020, 2324 patients participated in and completed the KM telemedicine program. Kyung-Ok-Ko (n=2285) was the most prescribed herbal medicine, and Qingfei Paidu decoction (I and II, n=2053) was the second most prescribed. All COVID-19–related symptoms (headache, chills, sputum, dry cough, sore throat, fatigue, muscle pain, rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, dyspnea, chest tightness, diarrhea, and loss of appetite) improved after treatment (P<.001).

Conclusions

The KM telemedicine center has provided medical service to 10.8% of all patients with COVID-19 in South Korea (as of June 30, 2020), and it is still in operation. We hope that this study will help to establish a better health care system to overcome COVID-19.
Tui Na for Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain: Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Juan , Brault Jeffrey S , Jensen Mark A , Do Alexander , Ma Qingyu , Zhou Xuan , Shen Longbin , Zhao Canghuan , Cheong Kwok Chee Philip , He Kejie , Guo Yu , Chen Zhuoming , Tang Shujie , Tang Yong , Tan Celia Ia Choo , Chen Jiaxu , Bauer Brent A.
Published: December 2020

Background

Chronic nonspecific low back pain (CNLBP) is one of the most common complex pain conditions, and it is strongly associated with high rates of disability. Even though several studies on Tui na for CNLBP have been reported, to our knowledge there has been no systematic review of the currently available publications.

Objective

This study aims to develop a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis that will evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Tui na therapy for patients with CNLBP.

Methods

An electronic literature search of PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Springer, Scopus, World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), Clarivate Analytics, and Chinese biomedical databases (the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wan-fang database, Chinese Scientific Journals Database, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Databases) will be conducted. Studies will be screened by two reviewers independently based on titles and abstracts, followed by a full-text reading with eligibility criteria. Randomized controlled trials involving Tui na for patients with CNLBP will be reviewed. The primary outcomes of the study are improvement of pain, analgesic medication reduction, improvement of functional disability, and degree of satisfaction with the intervention. A secondary outcome is any adverse event of Tui na intervention. Methodological quality and risk of bias will be assessed with the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool. If studies are sufficient, a meta-analysis of the effectiveness will be performed. If possible, we will evaluate publication bias using funnel plots. If substantial heterogeneity between studies is present, and there are sufficient studies, subgroup analyses will be conducted to explain the study findings.

Results

The review database searches will be initiated in December 2020, with findings expected by January 2021.

Conclusions

This protocol will establish a framework of a high-quality literature synthesis on the impact of Tui na treatment in patients with CNLBP. The proposed review will determine whether Tui na is effective and safe for CNLBP patients.

Trial Registration

PROSPERO CRD42020166731; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=166731

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

PRR1-10.2196/20615
Secondary Prevention of Hip Fragility Fractures During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Service Evaluation of “MRS BAD BONES”
Authors: Stephens Alastair , Rudd Hannah , Stephens Emilia , Ward Jayne
Published: December 2020

Background

Management of osteoporosis is an important consideration for patients with femoral neck fractures due to the morbidity and mortality it poses. The input of orthogeriatric teams is invaluable in coordinating secondary fragility fracture prevention. The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in the rapid restructuring of health care teams and led to the redeployment of orthogeriatricians.

Objective

This study aimed to determine the impact COVID-19 had on the secondary prevention of fragility fractures among patients with femoral neck fractures, and to optimize management in this population.

Methods

A retrospective audit was conducted of patients with femoral neck fractures before and after the lockdown in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom. A reaudit was conducted following the development of our new mnemonic, “MRS BAD BONES,” which addressed key factors in the assessment and management of osteoporosis: medication review, rheumatology/renal advice, smoking cessation; blood tests, alcohol limits, DEXA (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) scan; bone-sparing medications, orthogeriatric review, nutrition, exercise, supplements. The Fisher exact test was used for comparison analyses between each phase.

Results

Data for 50 patients were available in each phase. The orthogeriatric team reviewed 88% (n=44) of patients prelockdown, which fell to 0% due to redeployment, before recovering to 38% (n=19) in the postintervention period. The lockdown brought a significant drop in the prescription of vitamin D/calcium supplements from 81.6% (n=40) to 58.0% (n=29) (P=.02); of bone-sparing medications from 60.7% (n=17) to 18.2% (n=4) (P=.004), and DEXA scan requests from 40.1% (n=9) to 3.6% (n=1) (P=.003). Following the implementation of our mnemonic, there was a significant increase in the prescription of vitamin D/calcium supplements to 85.7% (n=42) (P=.003), bone-sparing medications to 72.4% (n=21) (P<.001), and DEXA scan requests to 60% (n=12) (P<.001).

Conclusions

The redeployment of the orthogeriatric team, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, impacted the secondary prevention of fragility fractures in the study population. The “MRS BAD BONES” mnemonic significantly improved management and could be used in a wider setting.
An Intervention With Dance and Yoga for Girls With Functional Abdominal Pain Disorders (Just in TIME): Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Philipson Anna , Särnblad Stefan , Ekstav Lars , Eriksson Mats , Fagerberg Ulrika L , Möller Margareta , Mörelius Evalotte , Duberg Anna
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

Functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPDs) affect many children worldwide, predominantly girls, and cause considerable long-term negative consequences for individuals and society. Evidence-based and cost-effective treatments are therefore strongly needed. Physical activity has shown promising effects in the practical management of FAPDs. Dance and yoga are both popular activities that have been shown to provide significant psychological and pain-related benefits with minimal risk. The activities complement each other, in that dance involves dynamic, rhythmic physical activity, while yoga enhances relaxation and focus.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to evaluate the effects of a dance and yoga intervention among girls aged 9 to 13 years with FAPDs.

METHODS

The study is a prospective randomized controlled trial among girls aged 9 to 13 years with functional abdominal pain, irritable bowel syndrome, or both. The target sample size was 150 girls randomized into 2 arms: an intervention arm that receives dance and yoga sessions twice weekly for 8 months and a control arm that receives standard care. Outcomes will be measured at baseline and after 4, 8, 12, and 24 months, and long-term follow-up will be conducted 5 years from baseline. Questionnaires, interviews, and biomarker measures, such as cortisol in saliva and fecal microbiota, will be used. The primary outcome is the proportion of girls in each group with reduced pain, as measured by the faces pain scale-revised in a pain diary, immediately after the intervention. Secondary outcomes are gastrointestinal symptoms, general health, mental health, stress, and physical activity. The study also includes qualitative evaluations and health economic analyses. This study was approved by the Regional Ethical Review Board in Uppsala (No. 2016/082 1-2).

RESULTS

Data collection began in October 2016. The intervention has been performed in 3 periods from 2016 through 2019. The final 5-year follow-up is anticipated to be completed by fall 2023.

CONCLUSIONS

Cost-effective and easily accessible interventions are warranted to reduce the negative consequences arising from FAPDs in young girls. Physical activity is an effective strategy, but intervention studies are needed to better understand what types of activities facilitate regular participation in this target group. The Just in TIME (Try, Identify, Move, and Enjoy) study will provide insights regarding the effectiveness of dance and yoga and is anticipated to contribute to the challenging work of reducing the burden of FAPDs for young girls.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02920268); https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02920268

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/19748
COVID-19 Misinformation Spread in Eight Countries: Exponential Growth Modeling Study (Preprint)
Authors: Nsoesie Elaine Okanyene , Cesare Nina , Müller Martin , Ozonoff Al
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

The epidemic of misinformation about COVID-19 transmission, prevention, and treatment has been going on since the start of the pandemic. However, data on the exposure and impact of misinformation is not readily available.

OBJECTIVE

We aim to characterize and compare the start, peak, and doubling time of COVID-19 misinformation topics across 8 countries using an exponential growth model usually employed to study infectious disease epidemics.

METHODS

COVID-19 misinformation topics were selected from the World Health Organization Mythbusters website. Data representing exposure was obtained from the Google Trends application programming interface for 8 English-speaking countries. Exponential growth models were used in modeling trends for each country.

RESULTS

Searches for “coronavirus AND 5G” started at different times but peaked in the same week for 6 countries. Searches for 5G also had the shortest doubling time across all misinformation topics, with the shortest time in Nigeria and South Africa (approximately 4-5 days). Searches for “coronavirus AND ginger” started at the same time (the week of January 19, 2020) for several countries, but peaks were incongruent, and searches did not always grow exponentially after the initial week. Searches for “coronavirus AND sun” had different start times across countries but peaked at the same time for multiple countries.

CONCLUSIONS

Patterns in the start, peak, and doubling time for “coronavirus AND 5G” were different from the other misinformation topics and were mostly consistent across countries assessed, which might be attributable to a lack of public understanding of 5G technology. Understanding the spread of misinformation, similarities and differences across different contexts can help in the development of appropriate interventions for limiting its impact similar to how we address infectious disease epidemics. Furthermore, the rapid proliferation of misinformation that discourages adherence to public health interventions could be predictive of future increases in disease cases.
Flip the Clinic: A Digital Health Approach to Youth Mental Health Service Delivery During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond (Preprint)
Authors: Davenport Tracey A , Cheng Vanessa Wan Sze , Iorfino Frank , Hamilton Blake , Castaldi Eva , Burton Amy , Scott Elizabeth M , Hickie Ian B
Published: December 2020

UNSTRUCTURED

The demand for mental health services is projected to rapidly increase as a direct and indirect result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Given that young people are disproportionately disadvantaged by mental illness and will face further challenges related to the COVID-19 pandemic, it is crucial to deliver appropriate mental health care to young people as early as possible. Integrating digital health solutions into mental health service delivery pathways has the potential to greatly increase efficiencies, enabling the provision of “right care, first time.” We propose an innovative digital health solution for demand management intended for use by primary youth mental health services, comprised of (1) a youth mental health model of care (ie, the Brain and Mind Centre Youth Model) and (2) a health information technology specifically designed to deliver this model of care (eg, the InnoWell Platform). We also propose an operational protocol of how this solution could be applied to primary youth mental health service delivery processes. By “flipping” the conventional service delivery models of majority in-clinic and minority web-delivered care to a model where web-delivered care is the default, this digital health solution offers a scalable way of delivering quality youth mental health care both in response to public health crises (such as the COVID-19 pandemic) and on an ongoing basis in the future.
Using the Computer-based Health Evaluation System (CHES) to Support Self-management of Symptoms and Functional Health: Evaluation of Hematological Patient Use of a Web-Based Patient Portal (Preprint)
Authors: Lehmann Jens , Buhl Petra , Giesinger Johannes M , Wintner Lisa M , Sztankay Monika , Neppl Lucia , Willenbacher Wolfgang , Weger Roman , Weyrer Walpurga , Rumpold Gerhard , Holzner Bernhard
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

Patient portals offer the possibility to assess patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) remotely, and first evidence has demonstrated their potential benefits.

OBJECTIVE

In this study, we evaluated patient use of a web-based patient portal that provides patient information and allows online completion of PROMs. A particular focus was on patient motivation for (not) using the portal. The portal was developed to supplement routine monitoring at the Department of Internal Medicine V in Innsbruck.

METHODS

We included patients with multiple myeloma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia who were already participating in routine monitoring at the hospital for use of the patient portal. Patients were introduced to the portal and asked to complete questionnaires prior to their next hospital visits. We used system access logs and 3 consecutive semistructured interviews to analyze patient use and evaluation of the portal.

RESULTS

Between July 2017 and August 2020, we approached 122 patients for participation in the study, of whom 83.6% (102/122) consented to use the patient portal. Patients were on average 60 (SD 10.4) years old. Of patients providing data at all study time points, 37% (26/71) consistently used the portal prior to their hospital visits. The main reason for not completing PROMs was forgetting to do so in between visits (25/84, 29%). During an average session, patients viewed 5.3 different pages and spent 9.4 minutes logged on to the portal. Feedback from interviews was largely positive with no patients reporting difficulties navigating the survey and 50% of patients valuing the self-management tools provided in the portal. Regarding the portal content, patients were interested in reviewing their own results and reported high satisfaction with the dynamic self-management advice, also reflected in the high number of clicks on those pages.

CONCLUSIONS

Patient portals can contribute to patient empowerment by offering sought-after information and self-management advice. In our study, the majority of our patients were open to using the portal. The low number of technical complaints and average time spent in the portal demonstrate the feasibility of our patient portal. While initial interest was high, long-term use was considerably lower and identified as the main area for improvement. In a next step, we will improve several aspects of the patient portal (eg, including a reminder to visit the portal before the next appointment and closer PROM symptom monitoring via an onconurse).
Technology Acceptance and Usability of the BrainFx SCREEN in Canadian Military Members and Veterans With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Mixed Methods UTAUT Study (Preprint)
Authors: Jones Chelsea , Miguel-Cruz Antonio , Brémault-Phillips Suzette
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

Canadian Armed Forces service members (CAF-SMs) and veterans exhibit higher rates of injuries and illnesses, such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and traumatic brain injury, which can cause and exacerbate cognitive dysfunction. Computerized neurocognitive assessment tools have demonstrated increased reliability and efficiency compared with traditional cognitive assessment tools. Without assessing the degree of technology acceptance and perceptions of usability to end users, it is difficult to determine whether a technology-based assessment will be used successfully in wider clinical practice. The Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology model is commonly used to address the technology acceptance and usability of applications in five domains.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to determine the technology acceptance and usability of a neurocognitive assessment tool, which was titled BrainFx SCREEN, among CAF-SMs and veterans with PTSD by using the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology model.

METHODS

This mixed methods embedded pilot study included CAF-SMs and veterans (N=21) aged 18-60 years with a diagnosis of PTSD who completed pre- and postquestionnaires on the same day the BrainFx SCREEN was used. A partial least squares structural equation model was used to analyze the questionnaire results. Qualitative data were assessed using thematic analysis.

RESULTS

Facilitating conditions, which were the most notable predictors of behavioral intention, increased after using the BrainFx SCREEN, whereas effort expectancy decreased. Performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and social interaction were not factors that could predict behavioral intention. Participants who reported a previous mild traumatic brain injury were significantly more likely to report current symptoms of cognitive impairment. The BrainFx SCREEN is a feasible, usable, and accepted assessment tool for CAF-SMs and veterans who experience PTSD.

CONCLUSIONS

As military health care systems integrate technological innovations to improve the services and care provided, research must continue to address the acceptability and use of these novel assessments and interventions.
Clinical applications of nanomedicine research with Sourav Bhattacharjee
Authors: Bhattacharjee Sourav
Published: December 2020

In this second Expert Perspective video with Sourav Bhattacharjee of the University College Dublin, Sourav discusses how nanomedicine is being used in clinical research, with particular emphasis on the role of nanomedicine and nanotechnology in cancer treatment.
A (IN)VISIBILIDADE DA CONSTRUÇÃO SÓCIO-HISTÓRICA DAS INFÂNCIAS
Authors: Perez Marcia Cristina Argenti , Silva Leticia Oliveira da
Published: December 2020

O estudo aborda a (in) visibilidade das infâncias, sobre a normatização da infância e apresenta uma análise da história das instituições escolares e da concepção de infância. A metodologia envolve uma pesquisa bibliográfica na área da Sociologia e História da Infância, cujas temáticas contemplam a discussão acerca da (in) visibilidade e multiplicidade das infâncias. O estudo investiga o fenômeno infância, conhecer algumas representações sociais construídas na história e articular esses saberes com a institucionalização referentes às crianças e as infâncias. A infância ao mesmo tempo em que é fruto do meio, também o transforma e essa transformação é intrínseca à formação do ser humano. Sendo a escolarização um processo sistematizado e organizado de humanização, compreende-se a importância de explorar as características e a história dessa instância educativa e articular este objeto de estudo à existência de múltiplas infâncias e à visibilidade dessa categoria social.
CARACTERIZACIÓN DE RESIDUOS DE MACRÓFITAS ACUÁTICAS PARA LA PRODUCCIÓN DE COMPOST
Authors: Barrionuevo Myrian Elisabeth , Flores Liliana Beatriz , Dussi María Claudia
Published: December 2020

Alrededor del mundo las plantas acuáticas son consideradas malezas debido a que causan serios inconvenientes para la navegación, la pesca y las actividades turísticas recreativas; sin embargo, existen evidencias que pueden utilizarse  en la producción de enmiendas orgánicas, como alimento para el ganado o en la descontaminación del agua, entre otros. En el Lago Pellegrini (Río Negro, Argentina, 39°LS) la proliferación de macrófitas debido a la alta carga de nutrientes del agua, merece la atención de los pobladores, autoridades e investigadores. El objetivo del trabajo fue generar información cualitativa y cuantitativa sobre la cantidad y características de los restos vegetales provenientes de la limpieza de las costas del Lago Pellegrini para la producción de compost y someter el material al proceso de compostaje en una mezcla de 60% restos de plantas acuáticas del lago y 40% de gallinaza. Los resultados mostraron que se trata de un material con buenas propiedades estructurantes, que es necesario seguir evaluándolo en mezclas con otros materiales pero que es preciso profundizar los estudios sobre la presencia de metales pesados en los restos vegetales previo a su utilización en actividades agrícolas.
The significance of skin immunological tests in the diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in children
Authors:   Belarusian Medical Academy of Post-Graduate Education, Pozdnyakova A.S.
Published: December 2020

Цель – определение диагностической значимости метода туберкулинодиагностики и кожного теста с аллергеном туберкулезным рекомбинантным (Диаскинтестом) в диагностике экстрапульмонального туберкулеза у детей. Материал и методы. Проводился анализ туберкулиновой чувствительности по результату пробы Манту с 2 ТЕ туберкулина ППД-Л в стандартном разведении и реакции на Диаскинтест у 53 детей с экстрапульмональным туберкулезом: 32 пациента, которые поступили на стационарный этап лечения с установленным диагнозом активного внелегочного туберкулеза, и 21 пациент с курсом завершенного лечения. В исследование были включены также 12 детей с осложненным течением вакцинации БЦЖ: 8 детей с регионарными левосторонними подмышечными БЦЖ-лимфаденитами и 4 ребенка с БЦЖ-оститами. Результаты. В статье представлены данные сравнительного анализа информативности кожных иммунологических тестов (туберкулинодиагностики и кожного теста с аллергеном туберкулезным рекомбинантным - Диаскинтестом) для своевременного выявления внелегочного туберкулеза у детей. Пациенты с активным внелегочным туберкулезом дали положительный ответ на туберкулин в 37,5% случаев, на ДСТ – в 73,5% (р<0,05). Пациенты с излеченным внелегочным туберкулезом давали положительный ответ на туберкулин в 14 (62,5%) случаях и на ДСТ – в 7 (33,3%) (р<0,05). Все дети с осложненным течением вакцинации БЦЖ на ДСТ имели отрицательную реакцию, в то время как на туберкулин 11 (91,7%) детей давали нормергический ответ (р<0,001). Заключение. Установлена низкая диагностическая значимость туберкулинодиагностики и высокая информативность Диаскинтеста в диагностике активного внелегочного туберкулеза и дифференциальной диагностике его с БЦЖ – осложнениями у детей.
Morphometric parameters of the main prostate glands from juvenile age to senility
Authors:   Vitebsk State Order of Peoples’ Friendship Medical University, Piatsko I.A.
Published: December 2020

Цель исследования – изучение изменений морфометрических показателей главных желез простаты во всех ее структурных дольках в возрастном интервале от подросткового до старческого возраста. Материал и методы. Материалом исследования послужили простаты 77 трупов мужчин, умерших в возрасте от 13 до 86 лет. Изучали высоту эпителия главных желез простаты, площадь концевых отделов желез и их просветов, форму концевых отделов желез и их просветов. Результаты. В результате проведенного исследования были определены морфометрические показатели желез простаты, имеющие сильную корреляционную связь с возрастом: площадь концевых отделов желез, площадь просветов концевых отделов желез, высота эпителия главных желез. Показатели, отражающие форму главных желез простаты, имеют слабую связь с возрастом. Заключение. На основании проведенного исследования можно заключить, что в качестве маркеров возрастных изменений простаты человека при морфологических исследованиях могут быть использованы площадь концевых отделов желез, площадь просветов концевых отделов желез, высота эпителия главных желез.
RECONTANDO A HISTÓRIA DA PENA DE MORTE NO BRASIL: NA LINHA TÊNUE ENTRE A OFICIALIDADE E A EXTRAJUDICIALIDADE
Authors: Leal Tatiana Cavalcanti de Albuquerque , Asfora Alessandra Macedo
Published: December 2020

A pena de morte foi abolida pela primeira vez no Brasil, oficialmente, com o Código Criminal de 1890. Depois disso, entrou e saiu dos ordenamentos jurídicos várias vezes ao longo da história. No entanto, determinados episódios parecem evidenciar que artifícios e manobras jurídicas fizeram com que ela fosse aplicada em diversos momentos de modos não oficiais. Assim, este artigo tem como objetivo identificar, na história do direito brasileiro, os momentos de uso da pena de morte de modos extrajudiciais ou extralegais. Para isso, foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica. Concluiu-se que, mesmo com a pena de morte proibida, o Estado continuou matando por fora da Justiça. Este achado contribui para a compreensão de como se deu a construção e internalização de uma cultura de práticas oficiosas de punições que perdura e é legitimada até hoje no país.
NE BIS IN IDEM: ANÁLISE SOBRE A COMPATIBILIDADE DO MODELO ADOTADO PELO ESTATUTO DE ROMA COM A NOVA PROPOSIÇÃO DE LEGALIDADE DO DIREITO INTERNACIONAL
Authors: Figueirêdo Simone de Sá Rosa
Published: December 2020

Este trabalho tem por objetivo examinar a compatibilidade do princípio ne bis in idem, previsto no Estatuto de Roma, com a nova proposição de legalidade do Direito Internacional Penal. Analisa o modelo do princípio ne bis in idem e do princípio da legalidade na perspectiva internacional a partir da compreensão das fontes do direito adotadas pelo Estatuto de Roma.  Ao final, verifica-se a possibilidade de aplicação do art. 20.3 do Estatuto do Tribunal Penal Internacional, mesmo considerando a exigência de lei certa prevista no mesmo diploma. A pesquisa possui um objeto delimitado, investigado pelo método hipotético dedutivo. Contém um estudo de compilação, para que as conclusões sobre o tema possam ser comparadas a outras conclusões já produzidas sobre o assunto, elaborado a partir de pesquisas feitas por meio de fontes secundárias do conhecimento.
Gestión sostenible de la energía en los hogares. Acciones colectivas en pos de más eficiencia y menos pobreza
Authors: Zavalía Lagos Raúl , Jacinto Guillermina , Carrizo Silvina Cecilia , Gil Salvador
Published: December 2020

Acciones colectivas buscan un consumo de energía responsable y sostenible. Ellas movilizan la participación activa de usuarios y generar articulación de actores energéticos y territoriales. Conocer en qué se usa la energía, adoptar medidas de uso racional y eficiente, y procurar una gestión sostenible, puede contribuir a satisfacer las necesidades de la población, reducir sus consumos y sus gastos, sin perder calidad en sus servicios. Las reducciones en consumo de energía también alivian las asignaciones estatales en subsidios y mejoran la seguridad en la provisión de estos servicios. En Argentina, existen experiencias que promueven la inclusión energética, a partir de articular distintos actores y privilegiar el involucramiento de los usuarios de energía. Este trabajo tiene por objetivo mostrar estrategias que favorecen la gestión sostenible de la energía en los hogares, destacando la importancia que tiene en ello la capacitación de los vecinos y la organización social. Da cuenta de esto, a través de la presentación del proyecto Referentes Energéticos Barriales en el área metropolitana de Buenos Aires, que promueve auditorías energéticas como herramienta para facilitar el acceso al conocimiento, la gestión sostenible de la energía y el mejoramiento de la calidad de vida. Con él se busca realizar un aporte en la construcción de una sociedad más equitativa -con más eficiencia y menos pobreza- y a avanzar con los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sustentable, que el país se comprometió a cumplir.
Notas bibliográficas
Authors: Márquez Yáñez Francisco
Published: December 2020

Notas bibliográficas de las siguientes obras:

Bopp Oeste Monika G. La Paleobotánica: sus métodos y aplicaciones. Publicaciones 5. Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia. Dirección de Prehistoria. México, D. F., 1958. 44 pp. y 7 láminas ilustrativas.

Cuadernos Del Instituto De Historia. Serie Antropológica Nos. 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 y 10 (1958-1959-1960). Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Imprenta Universitaria. México, D. F.

Universidad De Coimbra, Instituto De Antropología.  Director: Prof. Dr. A. Xavier da Cunha. Contribuiçoes para o Estudo da Antropologia Portuguesa. Volume VI, Fascículos 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 y 8 (1955-1956-1957-1958-1959) y Volume VII, Fascículos 1, 2 y 3 (1959-1960). Tipografia da Atlántida. Coimbra, Portugal.
Notas etnobotánicas sobre el ají indígena
Authors: Uscátegui Mendoza Néstor
Published: December 2020

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El país rural colombiano
Authors: Gutiérrez de Pineda Virginia
Published: December 2020

Pese al ritmo creciente de industrialización urbana, Colombia continúa teniendo el mayor número de su población asentada en el campo. Esta población, que asciende en cifras al 61,3% del total, reúne, desde el punto de vista de la cultura, características propias. Sus patrones de comportamiento, donde el agro no ha evolucionado, pertenecen al pasado y se arraigan vigorosamente. Lo demuestran las ciudades que en los últimos tiempos han atraído o refugiado al campesino, y, concretamente, los barrios donde se concentran las células más numerosas y homogéneas de recién llegados, que mantienen por largo tiempo el dominio cultural del campo.

He previsto en este ensayo el amplio horizonte del mundo cultural rural. Las numerosas variantes regionales que a primera vista se reconocen. Pero también, que a medida que se profundiza, se encuentra un conjunto de directrices homogéneas, que estructuran y sirven de marco a la aparente heterogeneidad de los valores.

Este ensayo tiene una menor validez para el litoral norteño. Encaja mejor dentro del núcleo patrio constituído por Cundinamarca, Cauca, Nariño, Huila, Boyacá, los dos Santanderes y el Chocó. En estas secciones políticas los procesos históricos, los fenómenos de producción, técnica y creencias (si exceptuamos en algunos casos al Chocó) constituyen un todo bastante homogéneo. En las regiones restantes, Antioquia, Caldas, Valle y parte del Tolima, las transformaciones de que son objeto, sensibles en el campo de la economía, y concomitantemente en el mundo complejo de las valoraciones, crean situaciones muy diversificadas en el agro.

Diseñar estas órbitas en ocasiones antagónicas, encontrar los denominadores comunes de la cultura y señalar las valoraciones básicas del mundo campesino, es la intención de este ensayo. Por esto he seleccionado entre tántas posibilidades, los problemas de la educación, la higiene y la tierra.
La medicina popular en la costa colombiana del Pacífico
Authors: Velásquez Rogerio
Published: December 2020

Como el trabajo que se presenta fue recogido en excursiones de meses en la costa colombiana del Pacífico, damos a continuación, en forma comprimida, una visión geográfica y humana de los lugares visitados para que, conocido el medio y sus habitantes con sus situaciones conexas, las razones medicinales que presentamos alcancen un mayor valor. De esta manera, el estudio del formulario podrá hacerse con plenitud más anchurosa, a la vez que se conocerá mejor el discurrir de esas regiones.
Revisiting (In)visibility: A Reflexive Study of Two English Translations of Iqbal’s “Shikwa” and “Jawab-i-Shikwa”
Authors: Shakeel Rana Kashif , Maan Maria Farooq
Published: December 2020

This research is a comparative analysis of two translated versions of Iqbal’s Urdu poems: “Shikwa” and “Jawab-i-Shikwa” to determine the actual position of the two translators in the light of the concepts theorized by Venuti (2008). Venuti mainly focused on the visibility and invisibility of the translator. These theoretical aspects, conjoined with certain peripheral scholastic ideas, have been applied on both translated versions. Through the strategies of (in)visibility, the research also investigates how the boundaries between foreignization and domestication have been blurred, and how the ideologies are embedded in the translation process. The result displays a revised version of (in)visibility.
One Plus One is Greater than Two: Faculty-Librarian Collaboration for Developing Information Literacy in Higher Education
Authors: Tang William Ko-Wai
Published: December 2020

This is a short article and therefore has no abstract.
Algebraic Techniques for Least Squares Problems in Elliptic Complex Matrix Theory and Their Applications
Authors: Kösal Hidayet , Pekyaman Müge
Published: December 2020

In this study, we introduce concepts of norms of elliptic complex
matrices and derive the least squares solution, the pure imaginary least
squares solution, and the pure real least squares solution with the
least norm for the elliptic complex matrix equation AX=B by using the
real representation of elliptic complex matrices. To prove the
authenticity of our results and to distinguish them from existing ones,
some illustrative examples are also given. Elliptic numbers are
generalized form of complex and so real numbers. Thus, the obtained
results extend, generalize and complement some known least squares
solutions results from the literature.
Study of electrical R-L circuits composed of resistors and inductors and driven by a voltage of the current source: Simulation with implementing an accurate method
Authors: Adel Mohamed , Srivastava Hari M. , Khader Mohamed
Published: December 2020

In this study, we propose to derive an accurate numerical procedure to
solve the mathematical model which describes the electrical R-L circuit
composed of resistors and inductors driven by a voltage of current
source, which is the fractional-order model for the electrical
RL-circuit. Our study depends on the spectral collocation method via the
useful properties of the Chebyshev polynomials of the third-kind. Some
theorems about the convergence analysis are given. The study concludes
by comparing the resulting approximate solutions of the proposed model
with the exact solution in the classical case. Illustrative graphical
and numerical analysis of the derived results are also included in this
study.
A novel two-phase model for bubbling fluidized-bed CO-methanation reactor
Authors: Zhang Quancong , Cao Zhikai , Ye Songshou , Sha Yong , Chen Bing Hui , Zhou Hua
Published: December 2020

Fluidized bed reactor is promising for CO methanation owing to its
excellent heat transfer performance. The gas flow distribution between
the bubble and emulsion phases and mass transfer are important for such
a solid-catalyzed fast reaction in fluidized bed but these are described
simplistically in most conventional models. In this work, a novel model
contemplating the gas flow distribution influenced by circulation flow
and the interphase mass transfer coefficient influenced by bubble size
variation is proposed. The simulation results of the proposed model and
the classic Kunii–Levenspiel model were compared with experimental data
of fluidized bed CO methanation. It was shown that the results of the
proposed model have better agreement with experimental data. To evaluate
the roles of gas flow distribution and interphase mass transfer
coefficient, sensitivity analysis was carried out. The results indicated
that in the proposed model, the effect of gas flow distribution is more
important.
The question of the etiology of cervical lymphadenopathy in children: a systematic review of 527 cases in four studies
Authors: Pospelova N. S. , Lishneva А. А. , Mashnich А. А. , Spiryukova K. V. , Permyakova A. V.
Published: December 2020

Purpose of the study. Determine the most common etiological factor in cervical lymphadenopathy in children according to research. Materials and methods. The research was searched in the Russian-language databases E-library and Cyberleninka in electronic form according to the following criteria: (1) any clinical trial or observational study, or cross-sectional case series with 10 or more subjects that included delineation of etiologies and/or associated conditions with lymphadenopathy; (2) patients aged 0 to 18 years with enlarged lymphoid tissue; (3) lymphadenopathy was confirmed by clinical evaluation; (4) the absence of specific excluded diagnoses. Results. Based on the search results in E-library and Cyberleninka, 4 articles were selected for review, matching the accepted criteria. These studies ranged in size from 67 to 255 subjects and had a combined total of 527 children. In the vast majority of cases (up to 90.0%) the cause of cervical lymphadenopathy in children is acute and chronic infectious diseases caused by herpes viruses and chlamydia.
The incidence of Human Herpesvirus in preschool children: problems and solutions
Authors: Permyakova A. V. , Deryusheva A. Y.
Published: December 2020

The results of the study of the registered morbidity caused by herpes viruses (HHV) type 4, 5, 6 in preschool children in a large industrial region are presented. Materials and methods. The information on the registered incidence of acute forms of HHV-4, 5, 6 infections in hospitals and clinics in Perm and Perm Krai in 2015—2018 was studied. The following nosologies were taken into account according to ICD-10: В 27.0, В 27.1, В 27.8, В 25., В 25., К 11., К 77.0, В 08.2. 13 452 outpatient cases of infections caused by HHV 4, 5, 6 children 1—6 years old were analyzed, of which in the city of Perm — 6330, in the Perm Krai — 7122, hospitalized — 1171 people. Results. The incidence of hospitalized patients in 92.0% of cases is represented by infectious mononucleosis. The outpatient incidence of HHV 4, 5, 6 infections in 80.6% of cases is represented by non-mononucleous cytomegalovirus diseases, the proportion of which exceeds those in hospitalized patients by 16 times. Conclusions. The analysis of the registered morbidity caused by HHV 4,5,6 in children 1—6 years old in the city of Perm revealed a significant pediatric problem consisting in incorrectness and overdiagnosis of cytomegalovirus infection.
The modern view of congenital cytomegalovirus infection: clinical observations
Authors: Kholodnova N. V. , Mazankova L. N. , Volter A. A. , Turina I. E. , Rossina A. L. , Brunova O. Yu. , Makarova L. M.
Published: December 2020

Тhis work is a continuation of the literature review «The modern view of congenital cytomegalovirus infection» and is devoted to the clinical cases. Particular attention is paid to the severity of congenital cytomegalovirus infection (CCMVI), as well as the its clinical variability, including developmental anomalies. The variety of clinical forms requires a wide range of examinations to identify all this infection manifestations in a newborn child and children in the first months of life, as well as the doctors alertness regarding the timely diagnosis of intrauterine infections based on the existing clinical features. The presented cases demonstrate the CCMVI clinical manifestations: the «classical» generalized manifest form, with a specific clinical, laboratory and instrumental findings, the severe generalized CCMVI with kidney congenital malformation and postnatal development of congenital cataract.
Hazardous substances in karst aquifer waters - one of the results of the operational monitoring of groundwater in Serbia
Authors: Stevanovic Zoran , Marinovic Veljko , Petrovic Branislav
Published: December 2020

Hydrogeological survey of wider Majdanpek mining area in the Carpathian mountain arch of eastern Serbia, including open mine pits, tailings sites, and major karstic springs and caves has been undertaken in order to estimate environmental conditions in groundwater body (GWB) ?Krs?sever?, groundwater quality, and to investigate causes of their earlier indicated poor chemical status. Bearing in mind that Majdanpek copper mine field is directly bordering the karst aquifer and delineated GWB ?Krs?sever?, the two karst springs namely Valja Fundata and Kaludjerica were in situmeasured and sampled in high and low-water periods (spring 2019, late autumn 2019 and spring 2020). Sampling and analysis of groundwater were carried out under the frame of project ?Operational Monitoring of Groundwater of the Republic of Serbia?, established by the Ministry of Environmental Protection of Serbia. The field measurements of unstable chemical components and physical properties as well as laboratory analyses confirmed very poor and even hazardous water quality of both surveyed springs Valja Fundata and Kaludjerica. Registered concentrations of some ions, such as Fe2+, Mn2+, Ca2+, SO4 2?are high above maximal permitted level for potable water in Serbia. High turbidity rate also confirms impact of colloidal suspensions from the tailing which is located in karstic blind valley. Leakage of mine water passes through joints, open cavities and even large cave system Valja Fundata. Results of undertaken survey confirm that low-water period results with worse water quality and much higher concentration of hazardous substances than that characterized high-water season when infiltrated rainy water and/or melted snow dilute tailing?s wastewater. Strict application of environmental protection measures and de - sign/construction of the smaller water treatment facility at both surveyed springs should possibly mitigate the impacts of mining activities to karst groundwater and dependant ecosystem.
Influence of cooling rate on microstructure development of AlSi9MgMn alloy
Authors: Stanic D. , Zovko-Brodarac Z.
Published: December 2020

Aluminum alloys are widely applied in automotive, aircraft, food, and building industries. Multicomponent technical AlSi9MgMn alloy is primarily intended for high cooling rate technology. Controlled addition of alloying elements such as iron and manganese as well as magnesium can improve mechanical and technological properties of the final casting depending on the cooling conditions during solidification. The aim of this investigation is the characterization of AlSi9MgMn alloy microstructure and mechanical properties at lower cooling rates than those for which this alloy was primarily developed. Thermodynamic calculation and thermal analyses revealed solidification sequence in correlation to the microstructure investigation as follows: development of primary dendrite network, precipitation of high temperature Al15(Mn,Fe)3Si2 and Al5FeSi phases, main eutectic reaction, precipitation of intermetallic Al8Mg3FeSi6 phase, and Mg2Si as a final solidifying phase. Influence of microstructure features investigation and cooling rate reveals significant Al15(Mn,Fe)3Si2 morphology change from Chinese script morphology at low, irregular broken Chinese script morphology at medium, and globular morphology at high cooling rate. High manganese content in AlSi9MgMn alloy together with high cooling rate enables the increase of Fe+Mn total amount in the intermetallic Al15(Mn,Fe)3Si2 phase and encourage favourable morphology development, all resulting in enhanced mechanical properties in as-cast state.