bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EVALUASI PROGRAM E-WARONG KUBE PKH BERDASARKAN PERMENSOS RI NOMOR 8 TAHUN 2017 DALAM UPAYA PENANGGULANGAN KEMISKINAN DI KOTA BENGKULU (Studi pada Kecamatan Muara Bangkahulu)
Authors: Anggraini Wenisa , Roeliana Loesida , Suratman Suratman
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this study was to identify and describe the Evaluation of the E-WARONG KUBE PKH Program based on the RI Minister of Social Affairs Regulation Number 8 of 2017 in Poverty Reduction Efforts in Bengkulu City. The location of this research was conducted in Muara Bangkahulu District. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative to provide a clear picture of the research problem. Data collection techniques were carried out by observation, interviews and documentation. The informant selection technique was carried out by purposive sampling technique. This research aspect uses the theory of Bridgman and Davis, namely input, process, output and outcomes. The results showed that in the input aspect, namely human resources, funds and buildings, the Process namely the accuracy of the procedures for establishing the E-Warong KUBE PKH and the operational process of the E-Warong KUBE PKH, Output namely the assessment of results on the activities of E-Warong KUBE members. PKH and Outcomes namely the impact of being affected by the policy, have not been implemented properly because there are still various problems in the implementation of the KUBE PKH E-Warong. The conclusion of this study is that the implementation of the E-Warong KUBE PKH program in Muara Bangkahulu District has been carried out quite well but is not optimal.
EFEKTIVITAS MEDIA SOSIAL INSTAGRAM @VISITBENGKULU SEBAGAI MEDIA PROMOSI PARIWISATA PROVINSI BENGKULU
Authors: Nurrahman Rolan , Yuliati Yuliati
Published: May 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas media sosial instagram @visitbengkulu sebagai media promosi pariwisata. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kuantitatif dan jenis deskriptif. Sedangkan yang menjadi objek dalam penelitian ini adalah followers dari akun instagram @visitbengkulu dengan 100 orang followers akun instagram @visitbengkulu sebagai responden yang dipilih dengan teknik simple random sampling. Teori yang digunakan adalah teori Computer Mediated Communication dari Sheizaf Rafaeli yang digunakan untuk menganalisis hasil penelitian. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui teknik penyebaran kuisioner. Teknik analisis data menggunakan bantuan pengukuran dengan skala likert, dan menggunakan rumus Linier sederhana, uji validitas, uji reliabilitas dan uji t. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat diketahui bahwa Instagram @visitbengkulu berpengaruh terhadap promosi pariwisata Provinsi Bengkulu. Penerapan Instagram @visitbengkulu itu sendiri cukup besar dapat dilihat dari jumlah followers-nya sebesar 68.800 meskipun belum sepenuhnya, dengan jumlah pengaruh sebesar 54,2%. Dan sisanya 45,8% dipengaruhi faktor-faktor lain.
Media Promosi Industri Pariwisata Kota Bengkulu Melalui New Media
Authors: Makhrian Andy
Published: May 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui media promosi industri pariwisata Kota Bengkulu melalui New Media. Manfaat dari penelitian ini diharapkan sebagai referensi khususnya pemerintah Kota Bengkulu dalam pengembangan kawasan pariwisata melalui Media Baru seperti Media sosial dan Media Internet. Dalam aplikasi Pariwisata Bengkulu dengan menggunakan latar icon Bengkulu yaitu Bunga Raflesia Arnoldi sudah sangat baik karena memang bunga Raflesia Arnoldi tersebut merupakan bungan bangkai terbesar didunia dan hanya satu-satunya yang ada didunia yaitu di Provinsi Bengkulu. Pemilihan opening sudah sangat sederhana dan simpel dan pengunaan lay out dan latar yang sangat mendukung. Pada tools Profil Bengkulu ini sudah baik. Dibagian penulisan profil ini seluruh cerita mengenai asal mula munculnya nama Bangkahulu diceritakan. Untuk menu profil Bengkulu, penjelasan didalamnya hampir sama dengan menu sejarah Bengkulu, untuk penjelasannya sudah cukup jelas. Pada menu Pariwisata diaplikasi ini juga menyuguhkan budaya dan kesenian yang ada di provinsi Bengkulu.
Pengaruh Keterbukaan Diri (Self-Disclosure) Terhadap Penyelesaian Tugas Akhir Skripsi
Authors: Mahfudin Busro , Saragih Rasianna Br
Published: May 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh keterbukaan diri (self-disclosure) terhadap penyelesaian tugas akhir skripsi pada mahasiswa ilmu komunikasi yang menjalani bimbingan skripsi yang sudah menjalani bimbingan skripsi minimal 5 kali pertemuan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner, wawancara dan studi pustaka. Pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dengan jumlah responden 34 orang mahasiswa. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa keterbukaan diri mahasiswa berpengaruh positif terhadap penyelesaian tugas akhir skripsi pada mahasiswa ilmu komunikasi yang sedang menjalani bimbingan skripsi. Hal ini dapat dilihat berdasarkan hasil uji statistik dengan nilai uji terhitung (3,357) lebih besar dari t tabel (2037). Jadi dapat disimpulkan bahwa hipotesa kerja diterima dan hipotesa nol ditolak.
Pengaruh Efektivitas Komunikasi Terhadap Pengambilan Keputusan Siswa Bersekolah di SMP Negeri 1 Pendopo Barat
Authors: Puspita Desi , Alfatih Andy
Published: May 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah ada pengaruh efektivitas komunikasi terhadap pengambilan keputusan siswa bersekolah di SMP Negeri 1 Pendopo Barat serta untuk mengetahui berapa besarnya pengaruh efektivitas komunikasi terhadap pengambilan keputusan siswa bersekolah di SMP Negeri 1 Pendopo Barat. Jenis penelitian skripsi ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini adalah dengan penyebaran kuisioner, observasi dan dokumentasi. Peneliti menggunakan teori efektivitas komunikasi dari Josep A. Devito, yaitu keterbukaan, empati, sikap mendukung, sikap positif, serta kesetaraan. Kemudian mengenai teori pengambilan keputusan, peneliti menggunakan teori Ibnu Syamsi yaitu penerimaan dan kualitas keputusan. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa adanya pengaruh efektivitas komunikasi terhadap pengambilan keputusan siswa bersekolah di SMP Negeri 1 Pendopo Barat sebesar 32,7%.
Media Habit Dan Pemahaman Pesan Oleh Majelis Taklim “Muslimah Perduli Umat” Pada Grup Whatsapp
Authors: Cinanti Laila , . Gushenvinalti
Published: May 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui media habit, kebiasaan membagikan pesan, jenis pesan yang dibagikan serta pemahaman pesan oleh anggota grup WhatsApp . Pendekatan penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif yang bersifat deskriptif. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, wawancara mendalam dan dokumentasi. Objek penelitian ini adalah peserta grup WhatsApp Majelis Taklim “Muslimah Perduli Umat”. Keabsahan data penelitian menggunakan triangulasi sumber. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa: (1) media habit (kebiasaan bermedia) yang dimiliki peserta grup WhatsApp Muslimah Perduli Umat yakni mereka terbiasa membuka grup dalam sekali waktu (kebanyakan pada malam hari atau disela waktu luang). (2) Pesan yang biasanya berupa kajian mengenai nilai-nilai agama sebagai bahan muhasabah diri. (3) Pemahaman pesan oleh peserta grup sendiri dirasa cukup baik.
Dakwah Melalui Khazanah TRANS 7
Authors: Sektaries Meki , Pili Salim Bella
Published: May 2022

Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui apa saja kandunagan pesan dakwah yang terdapat dalam video Khazanah di Trans 7 dengan menggunakan penelitian kualitatif yang menggunakan pendekatan analisis semiotik model Charles Sanders Peirce sebagai pisau analisis melalui teknik pengumpulan data yang terdiri dari observasi dan dokumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukan adanya nilai-nilai pesan dakwah berkenaan dengan kesehatan, terkait dengan waktu, shalat, iman kepada Allah, berwudhu, adab di kamar mandi, membaca basmallah sebelum makan, berbakti kepada orang tua, berdoa sebelum berkendara, dan bahaya tidur diwaktu pagi.
Aktivitas Humas Pemerintah Kota Yogyakarta dalam mempromosikan potensi kampung melalui program acara “Greget Kampung” pada tahun 2015-2016
Authors: Pamungkas Nobat Tri , Nurjanah Adhianty
Published: May 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan aktivitas humas, serta untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor pendukung serta penghambat dalam program acara “Greget Kampung dengan menggunakan model komunikasi massa oleh James E.Grunig. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah wawancara dan dokumentasi. Dengan teknik analisis data melalui pengumpulan, reduksi, penyajian serta penarikan kesimpulan dan uji validitas data. Hasil penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa (1) Humas Pemerintah Kota Yogyakarta bertindak sebagai konseptor dan penyelenggara, (2) Kekurangan yang terjadi pada tahapan pencarian fakta, perencanaan, komunikasi dan evaluasi, (3) Kegiatan promosi media publikasi humas belum efektif, (4) Jadwal tayang, intensitas penyangan, serta lembaga penyiaran masih perlu dikaji kembali, (5) Terdapat faktor pendukung seperti keterbukaan staf serta menjalin hubungan dengan pekerja seni dan production house, (6) Terdapat faktor terhambat seperti keterbatasan dana.
PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN KERIPIK BAYAM SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF USAHA RUMAH TANGGA
Authors: Febriyanti Shofia Agil , Windirah Nola
Published: May 2022

Pandemi covid-19 menyebabkan aktivitas ekonomi Negara terganggu, sehingga memaksa rumah tangga untuk lebih kreatif dalam memenuhi kebutuhan. Kreatifitas seseorang banyak tumbuh berdasarkan keadaan mendesak dan berkembang melalui kegiatan pelatihan. Sayur bayam merupakan salah satu jenis sayuran yang memiliki dampak baik bagi kesehatan dan sangat mudah untuk diperoleh di Bengkulu. Kuantitas yang berlimpah dan harga yang relatif terjangkau menjadikan industri pengolahan sayur bayam sangat potensial untuk dikembangkan pada kalangan mikro. Metode yang diterapkan dalam kegiatan ini yakni metode edukasi pemanfaatan bayam dan praktek langsung pembuatan keripik bayam. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan adanya peningkatan pemahaman masyarakat terhadap manfaat sayur bayam dan peningkatan kemampuan masyarakat terhadap pengolahan keripik bayam.  TRAINING IN MAKING SPINNING CHIPS AS AN ALTERNATIVE HOUSEHOLDS BUSINESS. The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the country's economic activities, thus forcing households to be more creative in meeting their needs. A person's creativity grows a lot based on urgency and develops through training activities. Spinach is one type of vegetable that has a good impact on health and is very easy to obtain in Bengkulu. Abundant quantity and relatively affordable prices make the spinach vegetable processing industry very potential to be developed in the micro community. The method applied in this activity is the educational method of using spinach and direct practice of making spinach chips. The results of the activity showed an increase in public understanding of the benefits of spinach and an increase in the community's ability to process spinach chips.
Propuesta: optimización logística en un almacén de repuestos
Authors: Lamar-Peña Karen , Jiménez-Navarrete Andrea , Sanchez-Cabrera Liana , Mora-Sanchez Norman
Published: May 2022

Los almacenes de repuestos algunas veces suelen presentar diferentes retrasos en sus pedidos, debido a distintas razones, uno de las principales es el tipo de modelo de gestión de inventario que implementan. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo optimizar el tiempo del proceso de adquisición de los repuestos de los vehículos en los Tecnicentros de Pasaje, mediante una investigación bibliográfica y de campo, para reducir eficientemente el tiempo del proceso y así, brindar un servicio de calidad. El estudio se basa en un enfoque cualitativo, por lo que la metodología es comparativa-descriptiva, para su desarrollo se realizó encuestas a todos los Tecnicentros con la finalidad de recolectar información primaria sobre la forma en que gestiona los inventarios. Los resultados presentaron que los Tecnicentros desconocen los modelos logísticos, el ordenamiento de sus repuestos son gestionados empíricamente, por lo que suele surgir inconvenientes en la cadena de suministro, impidiendo trabajar de manera eficiente con todos sus recursos.
The Complexity Effect in U.S.-Turkey Relations: The Restructuring of the Middle East Regional Security
Authors: ŞAHİN Devrim , SÖZEN Ahmet
Published: May 2022

This paper proposes a discussion of its core theoretical argument that the international order is more complex than the theories generated by traditionalist state-centric approaches and critical approaches, including the regional security complex approach. The complexity approach highlights the sensitive dependency of complex systems on the nonlinear feedback loops and dynamic interactions by which the longer term reactions to the behavior of actors could set off actions-reaction spirals. This path dependency is evident in the erosion of U.S.-Turkey relations which is a cause and a consequence of the realignment in the international system and the Middle East regional system.
Development of Technology and Technical Means for Local Forced Deposition of Liquid Pesticides
Authors: Babayev Sh.
Published: May 2022

The article presents the results of an experiment on the developed new technology and technical means for locally forced deposition of liquid pesticides into the soil, seed material and plants. Their results contributing to the prevention of pollution of the environment, soils and groundwater from liquid pesticides are analyzed.
Legal Methodology in Germany
Authors: Zimmermann Reinhard
Published: May 2022

The existence of a method, and thus also of a methodology, is very widely regarded as essential for an academic discipline. In Germany, law is, and has always been, an academic discipline. It is the object of what is referred to as Rechtswissenschaft (literally: legal “science”; less literally: scholarship relating to the law), characterized by a specifically legal methodology. Legal methodology is a foundational subject taught in German law faculties and set out in a rich body of legal literature. The present essay attempts to assess, on the basis of that literature, how lawyers are conceived (or perhaps rather: supposed) to operate in Germany. A specificity of the German discourse is the conceptual distinction between statutory interpretation and judicial development of the law. The essay provides an analysis of the various factors relevant within the enterprise of statutory interpretation, and of the prerequisites, the different levels, and the legitimacy of judicial development of the law. It also alerts the reader to the political experiences overshadowing the methodological discourse in Germany. The essay starts with five observations of a more general nature focusing on (i) methodological commonalities in Germany, Switzerland, and Austria; (ii) the normative character of the methodological discourse; (iii) (emerging) methodological differences between different fields of law; (iv) the place of Rechtsdogmatik (legal doctrine and the scholarship associated with its creation); and (v) the historical background of the German discourse. It is hoped that the essay’s treatment of these themes will be relevant to non-German legal audiences in light of the overlapping methodological problems that all developed legal systems are forced nowadays to confront.
Acquisitive Prescription of Moveable Property under Russian Law
Authors: Rudokvas Anton D , Steven Andrew J M
Published: May 2022

Amid the welcome increase in comparative property law scholarship of recent times, particularly in Europe, Russia has been somewhat neglected. This article seeks to provide a start in bringing the rules and policy choices of Russian property law to the attention of an English-language readership. Its subject is acquisitive prescription of moveable property. Here the law as set out in the Russian Civil Code has been the subject of a series of court decisions. The principal analytical instrument chosen to act as a comparator is the Scottish Law Commission’s Report on Prescription and Title to Moveable Property of 2012. The recommendations made in that as yet unimplemented report were significantly influenced by the laws of other jurisdictions, although not Russian law. The article while unsurprisingly discovering commonalities given the shared Roman heritage also finds striking differences. These deserve consideration by legislators in both countries.
Türk Tarihinde Oğuzlar ve Devlet
Authors: BAŞKAN Yahya
Published: May 2022

Türk dünyasında boylar birliği olarak karşımıza çıkan Oğuzlar yapılanmaları ile neredeyse devlet kurmuş bütün Türk devlet ve hanedanlarında kurucu ve taşıyıcı bir unsur olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadırlar. Bunun yanında Türk devletlerinin yıkılmalarında da rol oynadıklarını görmekteyiz. Hunlardan başlayarak, Göktürkler, Uygurlar, Bulgarlar, Selçuklular, Karamanoğulları, Osmanlılar, Akkoyunlu ve Karakoyunlular devletlerinde Oğuzlar farklı boy adları ile kaynaklarda zikredilmektedir. İslam öncesi ve sonrasında inanç bakımından farklılık gösterseler de efsanelerde Oğuz Kağan ve oğulları özellikle İslam sonrasında 24’lü bir aritmetik- çıkaralım teşkilatlanmayla anılmışlardır. İslam öncesi dönemde hem Orhun abidelerinde hem de Çin kaynaklarında karşımıza çıkan Oğuzlar Üç Oğuzlar, Altı Oğuzlar, Dokuz Oğuzlar, On Oğuzlar veya Ogurlar olarak kaydedilmiştir. Özellikle Orhun abidelerinde sosyal bünyede etkili olduğunu gördüğümüz bu boylar devletin sarsılmasında da tesirlerinin bulunduğu tarihi bir vakıadır. İslâm öncesinde Oğuz Kağan ve oğulları etrafında anlatılan destan İslam sonrasında önce Kaşgarlı Mahmud’un Divan-ı Lügatü’t- Türk’ünde sonra Reşidüddin’in Câmiu’t-Tevarih’inde daha sonra da Yazıcızade Ali’nin Tevarih-i Al-i Selçuk’unda ele alınıp eserlere girmiştir. Makalemizde ilgili kaynaklarda nakledilen bilgileri inceleyip İslâm sonrası Türk Devletlerinde Oğuz boylarının nasıl bir rol aldığını ele almaya çalışacağız.
PROBLEMS AND EDUCATIONAL NEEDS RELATED TO PORT CATHETER IN CANCER PATIENTS
Authors: AVCI Mehmet Zeki , ŞAHİN Sevda , KILIÇ Betülay , SUTCU CICEK Hatice
Published: May 2022

This study was carried out to determine the problems and educational needs of cancer patients due to the port catheter. Between January and March 2018, 100 cancer patients over 18 years of age with a port catheter were enrolled. The data was collected through a data collection form consisting of 29 items examining the sociodemographic and port catheter-related problems of patients. It was determined that 14% of patients had problems, 64.3% had infections, 21.4% had catheter exposure, and 14.3% had a displacement of catheter. Primary school graduates stated that they had more problems during catheter use and care, compared to high school and university graduate patients (p=0.037). Male patients were found to have more problems than female patients (p=0.039). In this study, it was observed that patients with cancer were inadequate to maintain home care of the port catheter and therefore experienced complications that could threaten their health, especially infection. It is recommended that patients be given practical training about the maintenance of the port catheter by specially trained nurses.
The Malikane System in Ottoman Tax Law
Authors: ŞİMŞEK Ayşe
Published: May 2022

The malikane system can be defined as a method of domestic debt in the context of Ottoman tax law. As a result of the political and military developments in the Ottoman Empire, it was understood that the tax farming method, which was primarily improved to meet the cash need of the state, caused some problems in practice, and the malikane system was adopted in order to eliminate these deficiencies. At the beginning of the innovations coming with this system is the tax farming duration’s being lifelong. What is expected from the malikane owner is to protect both the tax resource with the right of tenancy and the raayah during this period. Besides, it is to pay annual taxes regularly in the amount determined by the state with the mu‘accala price that has to be paid at the beginning. It is thought that malikane system met the cash needs of the state to a large extent when it was implemented, however, it is seen that this system has some problems in practice like tax farming but provides the expected benefit. For this reason, the Ottoman administration moved into the ashām system. In this study, the theoretical framework of the malikane system, its appearance in the 49th and 50th Konya Registries corresponding to the years when it started to be implemented and how it is reflected in practical applications are discussed.
Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Profiles Identify Important Pathophysiologic Factors in the Progression of Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Lu Xi , Li Li , Suo Luolan , Huang Ping , Wang Hongjie , Han Su , Cao Mingming
Published: May 2022

Objective: Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analyses have provided a novel insight into cell-specific gene expression changes in diseases. Here, this study was conducted to identify cell types and pathophysiologic factors in diabetic nephropathy.

Methods: Single-cell RNA sequencing data of three human diabetic kidney specimens and three controls were retrieved from the GSE131882 dataset. Following preprocessing and normalization, cell clustering was presented and cell types were identified. Marker genes of each cell type were identified by comparing with other cell types. A ligand–receptor network analysis of immune cells was then conducted. Differentially expressed marker genes of immune cells were screened between diabetic nephropathy tissues and controls and their biological functions were analyzed. Diabetic nephropathy rat models were established and key marker genes were validated by RT-qPCR and Western blot.

Results: Here, 10 cell types were clustered, including tubular cells, endothelium, parietal epithelial cells, podocytes, collecting duct, mesangial cells, immune cells, distal convoluted tubule, the thick ascending limb, and proximal tubule in the diabetic kidney specimens and controls. Among them, immune cells had the highest proportion in diabetic nephropathy. Immune cells had close interactions with other cells by receptor–ligand interactions. Differentially expressed marker genes of immune cells EIF4B, RICTOR, and PRKCB were significantly enriched in the mTOR pathway, which were confirmed to be up-regulated in diabetic nephropathy.

Conclusion: Our findings identified immune cells and their marker genes (EIF4B, RICTOR, and PRKCB) as key pathophysiologic factors that might contribute to diabetic nephropathy progression.
Shedding Light on NF-κB Functions in Cellular Organelles
Authors: Carrà Giovanna , Avalle Lidia , Seclì Laura , Brancaccio Mara , Morotti Alessandro
Published: May 2022

NF-κB is diffusely recognized as a transcriptional factor able to modulate the expression of various genes involved in a broad spectrum of cellular functions, including proliferation, survival and migration. NF-κB is, however, also acting outside the nucleus and beyond its ability to binds to DNA. NF-κB is indeed found to localize inside different cellular organelles, such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi and nucleoli, where it acts through different partners in mediating various biological functions. Here, we discuss the relationship linking NF-κB to the cellular organelles, and how this crosstalk between cellular organelles and NF-κB signalling may be evaluated for anticancer therapies.
Quantitative Determination of Whey Protein to Casein Ratio in Infant Formula Milk Powder
Authors: Xu Tao , Chen Jingyao , Yang Kai , Qiao Weicang , Zhao Junying , Chen Lijun
Published: May 2022

This study was aimed to establish a method for quantitatively determining the ratio of whey protein in the total protein of infant formula by respectively selecting two characteristic peptides from whey protein and casein and calculating the ratio between the characteristic peptides. A nanoliter high-performance liquid chromatography tandem high-resolution mass spectrometry (Q Exactive) was used to simultaneously detect the characteristic peptides of two main whey proteins and two main caseins. The characteristic peptides were calculated, predicted, and screened using the ExPASy website, and peptide information was confirmed by database retrieval after the analysis by using a high-resolution mass spectrometer. The matrix effect was compensated by comparing the characteristic peptides in whey protein with those in casein protein, in which isotope internal standards were not required. The influence of the changes of the protein content in whey protein and casein on the detection method was eliminated by the calculation formula designed by ourselves. In this detection method, the sample was stable in the total protein concentration range of between 0.1 and 0.4 mg/ml. In the simulated industrial processing environment, with desalted whey powder, the recovery rate was 98.63–113.33% under different spiked levels with good reproducibility (RSD<8%). The RSDs of intraday and interday precisions were 2.03–9.35% and 0.61–11.02%, respectively. The different processing procedures of samples had no significant impact on the detection of whey protein (RSD% for milk samples treated by different processing techniques was 2.97%). The quantitation method of whey protein was applied to evaluate the whey protein content in different brands of commercially available milk powder. In summary, the proposed method was applicable for quantitative analysis of whey proteins in the infant formula.
Surface Functionalization of Organosilica Nanoparticles With Au Nanoparticles Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Induces Cell Death in 4T1 Mouse Mammary Tumor Cells for DNA and Mitochondrial-Synergized Damage in Radiotherapy
Authors: Mochizuki Chihiro , Kayabe Yukihito , Nakamura Junna , Igase Masaya , Mizuno Takuya , Nakamura Michihiro
Published: May 2022

Radiotherapy is one of the most effective cancer treatments. Au nanoparticles (NPs) are one of the most used X-ray sensitizing materials however the effective small sub-nm size of Au NPs used for X-ray sensitizers is disadvantageous for cellular uptake. Here, we propose the surface functionalization of organosilica NPs (OS) with Au NPs (OS/Au), which combined the 100 nm size of OS and the sub-nm size of Au NPs, and synthesized effective Au materials as an X-ray sensitizer. The X-ray sensitizing potential for 4T1 mouse mammary tumor cells was revealed using a multifaceted evaluation combined with a fluorescence microscopic cell imaging assay. The number of polyethyleneimine (PEI)-modified OS (OS/PEI) and OS/Au (OS/Au/PEI) uptake per 4T1 mouse mammary tumor cell was the same; however, 4T1 cells treated with OS/Au/PEI exhibited significant inhibition of cell proliferation and increases in cell death by X-ray irradiation at 8Gy. The non-apoptotic death of OS/Au/PEI-treated 4T1 cells was increased by DNA and mitochondrial-synergized damage increase and showed potential applications in radiotherapy.
A Commensal Streptococcus Dysregulates the Pseudomonas aeruginosa Nitrosative Stress Response
Authors: Baty Joshua J. , Huffines Joshua T. , Stoner Sara N. , Scoffield Jessica A.
Published: May 2022

Chronic infections in the cystic fibrosis (CF) airway are composed of both pathogenic and commensal bacteria. However, chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections are the leading cause of lung deterioration in individuals with CF. Interestingly, oral commensals can translocate to the CF lung and their presence is associated with improved lung function, presumably due to their ability to antagonize P. aeruginosa. We have previously shown that one commensal, Streptococcus parasanguinis, produces hydrogen peroxide that reacts with nitrite to generate reactive nitrogen intermediates (RNI) which inhibit P. aeruginosa growth. In this study, we sought to understand the global impact of commensal-mediated RNI on the P. aeruginosa transcriptome. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that S. parasanguinis and nitrite-mediated RNI dysregulated expression of denitrification genes in a CF isolate of P. aeruginosa compared to when this isolate was only exposed to S. parasanguinis. Further, loss of a nitric oxide reductase subunit (norB) rendered an acute P. aeruginosa isolate more susceptible to S. parasanguinis-mediated RNI. Additionally, S. parasanguinis-mediated RNI inactivated P. aeruginosa aconitase activity. Lastly, we report that P. aeruginosa isolates recovered from CF individuals are uniquely hypersensitive to S. parasanguinis-mediated RNI compared to acute infection or environmental P. aeruginosa isolates. These findings illustrate that S. parasanguinis hinders the ability of P. aeruginosa to respond to RNI, which potentially prevents P. aeruginosa CF isolates from resisting commensal and host-induced RNI in the CF airway.
The Genomes of Two Strains of Taenia crassiceps the Animal Model for the Study of Human Cysticercosis
Authors: Bobes Raúl J. , Estrada Karel , Rios-Valencia Diana G. , Calderón-Gallegos Arturo , de la Torre Patricia , Carrero Julio C. , Sanchez-Flores Alejandro , Laclette Juan P.
Published: May 2022

Human cysticercosis by Taenia solium is the major cause of neurological illness in countries of Africa, Southeast Asia, and the Americas. Publication of four cestode genomes (T. solium, Echinococcus multilocularis, E. granulosus and Hymenolepis microstoma) in the last decade, marked the advent of novel approaches on the study of the host-parasite molecular crosstalk for cestode parasites of importance for human and animal health. Taenia crassiceps is another cestode parasite, closely related to T. solium, which has been used in numerous studies as an animal model for human cysticercosis. Therefore, characterization of the T. crassiceps genome will also contribute to the understanding of the human infection. Here, we report the genome of T. crassiceps WFU strain, reconstructed to a noncontiguous finished resolution and performed a genomic and differential expression comparison analysis against ORF strain. Both strain genomes were sequenced using Oxford Nanopore (MinION) and Illumina technologies, achieving high quality assemblies of about 107 Mb for both strains. Dotplot comparison between WFU and ORF demonstrated that both genomes were extremely similar. Additionally, karyotyping results for both strains failed to demonstrate a difference in chromosome composition. Therefore, our results strongly support the concept that the absence of scolex in the ORF strain of T. crassiceps was not the result of a chromosomal loss as proposed elsewhere. Instead, it appears to be the result of subtle and extensive differences in the regulation of gene expression. Analysis of variants between the two strains identified 2,487 sites with changes distributed in 31 of 65 scaffolds. The differential expression analysis revealed that genes related to development and morphogenesis in the ORF strain might be involved in the lack of scolex formation.
A Microfluidic Chip for Studies of the Dynamics of Antibiotic Resistance Selection in Bacterial Biofilms
Authors: Tang Po-Cheng , Eriksson Olle , Sjögren Josefin , Fatsis-Kavalopoulos Nikos , Kreuger Johan , Andersson Dan I.
Published: May 2022

Biofilms are arguably the most important mode of growth of bacteria, but how antibiotic resistance emerges and is selected in biofilms remains poorly understood. Several models to study evolution of antibiotic resistance have been developed, however, their usability varies depending on the nature of the biological question. Here, we developed and validated a microfluidic chip (Brimor) for studying the dynamics of enrichment of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in biofilms using real-time monitoring with confocal microscopy. In situ extracellular cellulose staining and physical disruption of the biomass confirmed Escherichia coli growth as biofilms in the chip. We showed that seven generations of growth occur in 16 h when biofilms were established in the growth chambers of Brimor, and that bacterial death and growth rates could be estimated under these conditions using a plasmid with a conditional replication origin. Additionally, competition experiments between antibiotic-susceptible and -resistant bacteria at sub-inhibitory concentrations demonstrated that the antibiotic ciprofloxacin selected for antibiotic resistance in bacterial biofilms at concentrations 17-fold below the minimal inhibitory concentration of susceptible planktonic bacteria. Overall, the microfluidic chip is easy to use and a relevant model for studying the dynamics of selection of antibiotic resistance in bacterial biofilms and we anticipate that the Brimor chip will facilitate basic research in this area.
Migration Theory in Climate Mobility Research
Authors: de Sherbinin Alex , Grace Kathryn , McDermid Sonali , van der Geest Kees , Puma Michael J. , Bell Andrew
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this article is to explore how migration theory is invoked in empirical studies of climate-related migration, and to provide suggestions for engagement with theory in the emerging field of climate mobility. Theory is critical for understanding processes we observe in social-ecological systems because it points to a specific locus of attention for research, shapes research questions, guides quantitative model development, influences what researchers find, and ultimately informs policies and programs. Research into climate mobility has grown out of early studies on environmental migration, and has often developed in isolation from broader theoretical developments in the migration research community. As such, there is a risk that the work may be inadequately informed by the rich corpus of theory that has contributed to our understanding of who migrates; why they migrate; the types of mobility they employ; what sustains migration streams; and why they choose certain destinations over others. On the other hand, there are ways in which climate and broader environment migration research is enriching the conceptual frameworks being employed to understand migration, particularly forced migration. This paper draws on a review of 75 empirical studies and modeling efforts conducted by researchers from a diversity of disciplines, covering various regions, and using a variety of data sources and methods to assess how they used theory in their research. The goal is to suggest ways forward for engagement with migration theory in this large and growing research domain.
Molecular Catalysis in “Green” Hydrogen Production
Authors: Zaccaria Francesco , Menendez Rodriguez Gabriel , Rocchigiani Luca , Macchioni Alceo
Published: May 2022

Molecular hydrogen (H2) is considered an ideal energy vector and a clean fuel, due to its zero-carbon combustion. Nevertheless, despite hydrogen is the most and one of the most abundant elements in the universe and in earth crust, respectively, it is always combined with other elements in our planet and never appears in its elemental state. This means that H2 must be produced through, almost always, endergonic processes, whose sustainability depend not only on the starting material but also on the source of energy necessary for these processes to occur. Colors have been assigned to identify the level of sustainability of H2 production with the green one indicating H2 produced from water using a renewable source of energy, preferably sunlight. Redox water splitting (WS) into H2 (hydrogen evolution reaction, HER) and O2 (oxygen evolution reaction, OER) is, nevertheless, an extremely difficult process not only from the thermodynamic but also from the kinetic point of view. Relevant kinetic barriers are present in both sides of the redox process, especially in OER. For this reason, performing WS in an efficient manner requires the development of active and robust catalysts capable of offering alternative reaction pathways to WS, lowering down the unfavorable kinetic barriers and thus maximizing the energy conversion efficiency. Inspiration for developing efficient catalysts for HER and OER has traditionally derived from Nature, who, over the course of many billions of years, according to the evolutionary theory, has assembled two molecular catalytic pools, namely oxygen evolving complex and ferredoxin/ferredoxin NADP+ reductase, which offer viable kinetic pathways to both OER and reduction of NADP+ (the “biological form” of H2). In reality, after several attempts of mimicking natural catalysts, the efforts of the researchers have been addressed to different molecular systems, which exhibit best performances, unfortunately often based on noble-metal atoms, especially for OER. In this contribution we review the journey of the development of molecular catalysts for both HER and the OER, highlighting selected systems, which have brought us to the current level of knowledge.
Furin and COVID-19: Structure, Function and Chemoinformatic Analysis of Representative Active Site Inhibitors
Authors: Villoutreix Bruno O. , Badiola Iker , Khatib Abdel-Majid
Published: May 2022

Furin is involved in the endoproteolytic processing of various protein precursors implicated in many diseases such as diabetes, obesity, atherosclerosis, cancer, Alzheimer’s disease and viral infection including COVID-19. Recently, cell entry of SARS-CoV-2 was found to require sequential cleavage of the viral spike glycoprotein (S protein) at the S1/S2 and the S2ʹ cleavage sites. The S1/S2 site (PRRAR) can be cleaved by the proprotein convertase furin that facilitates membrane fusion and viral spread. Here we summarized the recent findings on furin and S protein structures, the role of S protein cleavage by furin during SARS-CoV-2 infection. We analyzed 12 diverse representative inhibitors of furin using a chemoinformatic approach starting from a list of 628 compounds downloaded from the ChEMBL database. Among those, only 76 survived a soft rule of five filtering step. Structural alerts are present on most of these molecules while some compounds are also predicted to act on toxicity targets. No clinical trials are presently listed at the ClinicalTrials.gov website regarding small molecule inhibitors of furin.
Gas-Bearing Characteristics of the Longmaxi Formation Shale in the Changning Area, Southern Sichuan Basin, SW China
Authors: Lu Chang , Chen Lei , Jing Cui , Tan Xiucheng , Nie Zhou , Chen Xin , Heng De
Published: May 2022

The Changning area, located in the south of the Sichuan Basin, has obtained commercial shale gas from the Silurian Longmaxi Formation, which is characterized by rich organic matter, large hydrocarbon generation, and high gas content. A series of studies have been carried out on the shale of the Wufeng Longmaxi Formation in the Changning area, including mineral petrological characteristics, shale reservoir characteristics, and accumulation characteristics. Although there are studies on the gas-bearing characteristics of the Wufeng Formation-Longmaxi Formation shale in the Changning area, the research is not systematic. In this work, based on isothermal adsorption experiments, field desorption experiments, and well log interpretation, the gas-bearing characteristics of the Longmaxi Formation shale in the Changning area were studied in detail. The results showed that the average of saturated-adsorbed methane gas volume of the Longmaxi Formation is 1 m3/t, which demonstrated that the Longmaxi shale reservoirs had strong adsorption capacity. The total gas content of section Long11-1, Long11-2, Long11-3, and Long11-4 is greater than 2 m3/t, which were the prolific shale gas layers. The Long12 sub-member has the lowest total gas content, ranging from 0.34 m3/t to 3.84 m3/t, with an average of 1.59 m3/t. The free gas content of the Longmaxi Formation in the Changning area was slightly smaller than the adsorbed gas content and it shows increasing trend from the bottom to top, while the adsorbed gas content shows an opposite trend. With the top of Long11-3 as the circumscription, the adsorbed gas accounts for the main part of shale gas in the lower part and the free gas shale in the upper part.
Impact of Fractal Features on Gas Adsorption and Desorption Capacities and Ad-/Desorption Hysteresis in Coals Based on Synchrotron Radiation SAXS
Authors: Zhao Yixin , Han Chujian , Sun Yingfeng , Gao Yirui , Qiao Haiqing , Tai Zhenyu
Published: May 2022

Gas adsorption and desorption capacities and ad-/desorption hysteresis in coal are important for carbon capture and storage (CCS) and coalbed methane (CBM) development. To investigate the impact of fractal features on gas adsorption and desorption capacities and ad-/desorption hysteresis in coals, five coal samples were collected and carried out methane (CH4) and CO2 isothermal ad-/desorption experiments. Small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) was applied to characterize the fractal features of the coal pore structure. The results show that five coal samples show surface fractal features, represented by surface fractal dimension (Ds). The adsorption and desorption capacities of CO2 are stronger than those of CH4. In the adsorption stage, Ds and Langmuir adsorption volume (VL-ad) show a positive relationship for CH4 and CO2, due to the van der Waals force and available adsorption sites. In the desorption stage, Ds and Langmuir desorption volume (VL-de) show a positive relationship for CH4 and CO2, because most adsorbed gas molecules can desorb and diffuse out of the pores when gas pressure decreases. No obvious correlation was found between Ds and Langmuir adsorption pressure (PL-ad) as well as between Ds and Langmuir desorption pressure (PL-de) for CO2 and CH4. An improved hysteresis index (IHI) was adopted to characterize the degree of gas ad-/desorption hysteresis. The IHI values of CO2 vary from 12.2 to 35.2%, and those of CH4 vary from 8.9 to 50.3%. The curves of Ds vs. IHI for CO2 and CH4 are like an irreversible “V” shape, which yields to be further studied. This work further extends SAXS application in exploring the impact of coal pore structure on gas adsorption related phenomena, which is beneficial for CCS technology and CBM development.
Review of Investigations on Hazard Chains Triggered by River-Blocking Debris Flows and Dam-Break Floods
Authors: Chen Huayong , Ruan Hechun , Chen Jiangang , Li Xiao , Yu Yunhan
Published: May 2022

The Tibetan Plateau suffers from various types of geohazards (collapses, landslides, and debris flows.) due to abrupt changes in complex topography and weather conditions. Global warming and frequent high-intensity earthquakes in recent years have exacerbated the situation. Collapses and landslides provide vast amount of soil and debris which are conveyed downstream by runoff caused by extreme rainfalls to form large-scale debris flows; then, the debris flows block rivers and finally form dam-break floods, that is, a hazard chain triggered by debris flows. Along the evolution direction of the hazard chain, the affected areas are constantly amplified. This study first summarizes the related research studies on river blockage, debris-flow dam failure, and the hazard chain triggered by debris flows and then points out the drawbacks of existing research studies. Overall, the research (including mechanism, risk assessment, key prevention, and control technologies) on the hazard chain triggered by debris flows is still in its infancy and is disconnected among single hazard types in the hazard chain; meanwhile, the understanding of the mechanism of debris flow blocking the river is not enough; the established model and discriminant have minimal application scope, and there is no empirical model and dynamic model of debris-flow dam failure. Finally, several key scientific issues of this field were raised: 1) it is necessary to elaborate the coupling mechanism of debris-flow dam formation and construct the discriminant and numerical model of debris flow blocking the river with high precision and a wide application range. 2) It is necessary to further study the failure mechanism of a debris-flow dam, construct the numerical model of the failure process of a debris-flow dam, and accurately simulate the outburst flood hydrograph. 3) It is necessary to clarify the critical transformation conditions and dynamic evolution process of the hazard chain caused by debris flows, complete the accurate quantitative simulation of the whole disaster chain process, then establish a complete risk assessment system of the hazard chain, and finally develop some key prevention and control technologies suitable for the hazard chain.
Modeling the Deformation Sources in Volcanic Environments Through Multi-Scale Analysis of DInSAR Measurements
Authors: Barone Andrea , Fedi Maurizio , Pepe Susi , Solaro Giuseppe , Tizzani Pietro , Castaldo Raffaele
Published: May 2022

In this work, we propose a multi-scale approach for modeling the ground deformation field of volcanic sources. The methodology is based on the use of Multiridge and ScalFun methods to analyze the elastic deformation fields by providing source information, such as the depth, the horizontal position, and its morphological features. This strategy is alternative with respect to the classical inverse approaches since it allows overcoming some aspects of the ambiguities related to the interpretation of DInSAR measurements. Indeed, the multi-scale method does not need a priori constraints on the model parameters to achieve an unambiguous solution. First, we argue on the general physical conditions so that the deformation field, generally represented by biharmonic functions, also satisfies Laplace’s equation and the law of homogeneity. This occurs in the case of sources with hydrostatic pressure-change embedded in an elastic half-space. In these conditions, the properties of harmonic and homogeneous functions can be employed to model the ground deformation fields using multi-scale procedures. Then, we demonstrate the soundness of the proposed approach through the application of Multiridge and ScalFun methods to synthetic tests. We analyze the fields generated by spherical, pipes- and sills-like sources and consider different model settings, as the layered half-space, the noisy, and the multi-source scenarios. For all these simulations, we achieve unconstrained information related to the source geometry with satisfying accuracy. Finally, in order to show the flexibility of the multi-scale approach in different volcanic environments, we use Multiridge and ScalFun methods for analyzing DInSAR measurements relevant to Uturuncu, Okmok, and Fernandina volcanoes, retrieving information about their volcanic systems. In the first case, we point out a transient source at a depth of 4.5 km b.s.l., which is activated during 2006–2007 together with the stable and well-known Altiplano Puna Magma Body (APMB); in the second one, we retrieve a concentrated body at a depth of 3.1 km b.s.l. during 2003–2004; and in the last case, we interpret the 2013 unrest episode as caused by a pipe-like source located at a depth of 1.7 km b.s.l.