bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ratiometric Probe for Rapid Naked Eye Detection of Toxic Hydrazine: Real Time Application in Strip Test, Spray Test and Soil Analysis
Authors: Vijay Natarajan , Velmathi Sivan
Published: August 2021

Striking colorimetric probe (CynH) for abrupt detection of hydrazine under complete aqueous solution was achieved. The water soluble probe was designed with electron “push-pull” strategy by coupling of 4-hydroxy benzaldehyde and 2, 3, 3-trimethylindolinine. The positively charged N-propylated indolinine make the probe completely soluble in water. The probe yields eye catching selective detection of hydrazine over other competing analytes with high sensitivity. Obvious colour change was observed from colourless to appearance of bright pink colour with hydrazine. It reacts quickly with hydrazine within 2 minutes and makes the probe an effective candidate for practical application. The real time application was demonstrated using paper strip to detect hydrazine vapour. This probe is superior to earlier reported probes because of its effective sensing of hydrazine displayed with various applications including real-time strip based sensing, spray test and soil analysis. In all the examinations, the probe yields distinct response with rapid naked eye colour change this overcomes the drawbacks of previous reports.
Analysis of the Fluid Contents of Simple Bone Cyst in the Mandible: Blood or Serum?
Authors: Choi So-Young , Boboeva Obida , Ham Ji Yeon , An Chang-Hyeon , Lee Sung Tak , Kim Jin-Wook , An Seo-Young
Published: August 2021

Description of the content of simple bone cyst (SBC) has been controversial. This study aimed to evaluate and give a clearer picture of the contents of the SBC cavity. Nineteen patients SBC confirmed by histopathological examination, between 2014 and 2016, were included in this study. The clinical, radiographic, surgical and laboratory findings of SBC cavity content was analyzed. For statistical analysis, paired samples t-test was used to evaluate the difference of components among cavity fluid, blood and serum. All 19 SBC cases radiographically and surgically revealed a fluid-filled cavity. The average age of the patients was 21.3±13.2 years. Any sex predominance was not found. SBCs were more often found in the anterior mandible site (n=12, 63.2%). All lesions were filled with clear straw-colored or low concentrated blood-colored flood. Although the laboratory analysis of the fluid showed components similar to those in blood and serum, the statistical analysis showed that the fluid components were not significantly different only for eosinophils (p = 0.43) and basophils (p = 0.06) counts as blood components, and sodium (p = 0.76), potassium (p = 0.08) and chloride (p = 0.13) concentration as serum components. Within a limitation of this study, the results shows that SBC is fluid-filled cavity and the cavity fluid is more likely similar to the serum rather than the blood regarding the internal components.
Strokes Following Attempted Suicide: Frequency, Mechanisms, Outcome and Review of the Literature
Authors: Silva Mauro , Michaud Laurent , Correia Pamela , Nishida Masaki , Michel Patrik
Published: August 2021

Background: Only a few patients with strokes following suicide attempt (SFSA) are described in the literature and dissection of cervical arteries is the best-known mechanism. We aimed to determine the frequency, clinical presentation, mechanisms and outcomes of such patients by systematic observation in a single academic institution.Method: We retrospectively identified in our acute ischemic stroke registry all SFSA over 11 years. A thorough work-up was performed to establish the stroke mechanism. We also searched all published SFSA in the world literature for further analysis of demographics, comorbidities and long-term outcome. Results: Work-up showed multiple stroke mechanisms as well as multiple psychiatric. After adding 7 already published SFSA and comparing all SFSA with our stroke registry, SFSA were younger, had similar stroke severity, higher early mortality, and similar long-term functional outcome.Conclusions: SFSA is rare, affects younger patients and may be missed without an appropriate level of suspicion and neuroimaging. Long-term outcome seems comparable to other stroke patients despite an increased early mortality.
A Prognostic Nomogram Combining Gene Expression Profiles and TNM Stage Predicts Survival in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Huang Jian , Wang Dongcun , Wang Xiaoliang , Ye Xiaoxing , Da Jiping
Published: August 2021

BackgroundGastric carcinoma (GC) is a highly aggressive malignancy and is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates around the world, the current tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging system is inadequate to predict overall survival (OS) in GC patients. therefore, potential forecasting methods for prognosis are important to investigate.MethodsDifferentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened using gene expression data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We then construct a risk score signature model by univariate Cox proportional hazards regression (CPHR) analysis, the Kaplan-Meier method（KM）and multivariate CPHR analysis. Using TNM stage, we developed a signature-based nomogram. Finally, we utilize an independent Gene Expression Omnibus dataset (GSE62254) validate the prognostic value of risk score signature model and nomogram.ResultsWe identified five OS-related mRNAs among 1113 mRNAs that were differentially expressed between GC and normal samples in the TCGA dataset. We then constructed a five-mRNA signature model, which efficiently distinguished high-risk from low-risk patient in both cohort, and even viable in the TNM stage-III, gender(male, female) and age(＜65-year-old, ≥65-year-old) subgroups (P<0.05). Utilizing TNM stage, we developed a signature-based nomogram, which performed better than use the TNM stage or five-mRNA signature alone for prognostic prediction in the TCGA and GSE62254 dataset.Conclusions﻿These results suggest that both risk signature and nomogram were effective prognostic indicators for patients with GCs, and could potentially be used for individualized management of such patients.
Evaluate the Effectiveness of Hubbard Purification Rundown Process for Victims of Agent Orange/Dioxin, Related Strengths and Challenges
Authors: Hoang Hau Duc , Tran Tam Ngoc
Published: August 2021

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of the Hubbard purification rundown (PR) process for victims of Agent Orange (AO)/dioxin at detoxification centers. Methods: The study was designed as a cross-sectional study combining quantitative and qualitative methods and carried out on 30 dioxin patients, 21 health workers, and 299 medical records in Hanoi and Da Nang centers for dioxin detoxification (CDD) of Vietnam.Results: A small number of patients were clinically examined before enrolling in and after finishing the treatment, 35% and 0%, respectively. In addition, 15% of patients did not finish their daily PR session in the second step, while 20% of them were not evaluated daily for treatment effectiveness in the fourth step by health workers. Furthermore, 20% of patients did not follow all the 6 steps of the Hubbard PR program. Although centers were sufficiently equipped in terms of infrastructure and equipment, the study showed that there remained barriers in implementing the Hubbard PR process, such as the lack of human resources, wasteful usage of equipment, and the lack of technology application for electronic medical records management. For patients, the difficulties include the lack of awareness and understanding regarding the program, and high temperature during the PR sessions (63%), long PR duration (47%), too many medications and supplements (37%), as well as high cost of treatment (35%). Conclusion: Ensuring adherence and compliance at all steps in the Hubbard PR process can have a positive impact on the health improvement of AO/dioxin victims.
An Integrated Analysis Reveals Geniposide Extracted From Gardenia Jasminoides Ellis Regulates Calcium Signaling Pathway Essential for Influenza a Virus Replication
Authors: Zhou LiRun , Bao Lei , Wang Yaxin , Chen Mengping , Zhang Yingying , Geng Zihan , Zhao Ronghua , Sun Jing , Bao Yanyan , Shi Yujing , Yao Rongmei , Guo Shanshan , Cui Xiaolan
Published: August 2021

BackgroundGeniposide, an iridoid glycoside purified from the fruit of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, has been reported to possess pleiotropic activity against different diseases. In particular, geniposide possesses a variety of biological activities and exerts good therapeutic effects in the treatment of several strains of the influenza virus. However, the molecular mechanism for the therapeutic effect has not been well defined.MethodsThis study aimed to investigate the mechanism of geniposide on influenza A virus (IAV). The potential targets and signaling pathways of geniposide in the IAV infection were predicted using network pharmacology analysis. According to the result of network pharmacology analysis, we validated the calcium signaling pathway induced by IAV and investigated the effect of geniposide extracted from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis on this pathway. ResultsThe primary gene ontology (GO) biological processes and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that geniposide has a multi-target and multi-pathway inhibitory effect against influenza, and one of the mechanisms involves calcium signaling pathway. In the current study, geniposide treatment greatly decreased the levels of RNA polymerase in HEK-293T cells infected with IAV. knocking down CAMKII in IAV-infected HEK-293T cells enhanced virusRNA (vRNA) production. Geniposide treatment increased CAMKII expression after IAV infection. Meanwhile, the CREB and c-Fos expressions were inhibited by geniposide after IAV infection. The experimental validation data showed that the geniposide were able to alleviated extracellular Ca2+ influx, dramatically decreased neuraminidase activity and suppressed IAV replication in vitro via regulating the calcium signaling pathway. ConclusionsThese anti-IAV effects might be related to the disrupted interplay between IAV RNA polymerase and CAMKII and the regulation of the downstream calcium signaling pathway essential for IAV replication. Taken together, the findings reveal a new facet of the mechanism by which geniposide fights IAV in a way that depends on CAMKII replication.
Home Intervention for Children with Unilateral Upper Limb Reduction Deficiencies
Authors: Lukaszek Jessica , Borrell Jordan , Cortes Claudia , Zuniga Jorge
Published: August 2021

Purpose: Current training interventions assessing pediatric functional motor skills do not account for children with upper limb reductions who utilize a prosthetic device. It was hypothesized that a newly created 8-week Home Intervention program will result in significant improvements in gross manual dexterity, bimanual coordination, and the functional activities performed during the program. It was also hypothesized that the newly developed Prosthesis Measurement of Independent Function (PMIF) score will reflect the Home Intervention performance improvements. Methods: Five pediatric participants (ages 5-19 years) with congenital upper limb reductions were fitted with a 3D printed upper extremity prosthesis for their affected limb. Participants then completed the 8-week Home Intervention which included Training activities completed 2x/week for 8 weeks and Non-Training activities completed only at week 1 and week 8. Participant’s times were recorded along with each participant receiving a PMIF score ranging from 0 = unable to complete activity, to 7 = complete independence with activity completion. Results: Results showed a decrease in overall averaged activity times amongst all activities. For all activities performed, individual averaged time decreased with the exception of Ball Play which increased over the 8 week intervention period. There was significant interaction for home intervention performance with F = 2.904 (p = 0.003). All participants increased their PMIF scores to 7 (complete independence) at the end of the 8 week intervention period. Conclusion: Decreases in time averages and increases in PMIF scores quantitatively showed that the home intervention program facilitate improvements in function and independence.
Microstructural Studies and Material Characterization of Alumina Nanoparticulate Reinforced Functionally Graded Al-12Si (wt.%) alloy, produced using Centrifuge Casting Technique
Authors: KS Chethan , S Kiran Aithal , HN Manjunath , N Ramesh Babu , KN Pavan
Published: August 2021

The current research work discusses the concept of reinforcing alumina nanoparticulate to Al-12Si (wt.%) alloy using a unique casting technique known as centrifuge casting system established in-house at our advanced manufacturing centre. The resulting cast solid cylindrical specimen will be functionally graded along the length of the specimen containing higher percentage of primary silicon and alumina nanoparticulate at the top region than the bottom region, with a gradual transition in between the two regions. The microstructure of the functionally graded Al-12Si (wt.%) alloy, reinforced with 0.5, 1 and 1.5wt.% of alumina nanoparticulate was analysed using “Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)” and the elemental composition of the cast specimens were obtained using “Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX)”. The outcomes of the EDX analysis confirmed the presence of alumina nanoparticulate in the cast specimens. Further, the mechanical properties of the cast Al-12Si (wt.%) alloy, reinforced with alumina nanoparticulate were studied, and it was found that the specimen with the addition of alumina nanoparticulate showed enhanced mechanical properties when compared with the Al-12Si (wt.%) alloy, without alumina nanoparticulate addition, cast under identical conditions.
FD-895 and Pladienolide B Modulate RNA Splicing Associated With Wnt Signaling Pathway
Authors: Kumar Deepak , Kashyap Manoj K. , Yu Zhe , Spaanderman Ide , Villa Reymundo , Kipps Thomas J. , Clair James J. La , Burkart Michael D. , Castro Januario E.
Published: August 2021

BackgroundAlterations in RNA splicing are associated with different malignancies including leukemia, lymphoma, and solid tumors. The RNA splicing modulators such as FD-895 and pladienolide B have been investigated in different malignancies to target/modulate spliceosome for therapeutic purpose. MethodsThe different cell lines were screened using RNA splicing modulator to test in vitro cytotoxicity as well as ability to modulate RNA splicing capability via induction of intron retention (using RT-PCR and qPCR) was assessed. The Cignal Finder Reporter Array was used to screen the HeLa cell line to know the pathway affected the most by the splice modulators. Further the candidates associated with the pathways were validated at protein levels using western blot assay and gene-gene interaction study were carried out using GeneMANIA.ResultsWe show that FD-895 and pladienolide B have more apoptotic activities than conventional chemotherapy in different solid tumors. We found FD-895 or pladienolide B modulate Wnt signaling pathways and mRNA splicing. We showed that FD-895 or pladienolide B significantly down regulates not only Wnt signaling pathway-associated transcripts (GSK3β and LRP5), but also both transcript and proteins including LEF1, CCND1, LRP6, and pLRP6. ConclusionThese results indicate FD-895 and pladienolide B inhibit Wnt signaling by impeding with phosphorylation of LRP6 and modulates mRNA splicing through induction of intron retention in cervical cancer cells.
Chemopreventive and Therapeutic Efficacy of Enhalus Acoroides Against Diethylnitrosamine Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Wistar Albino Rats
Authors: Parthasarathy Amudha , VIDYA R.
Published: August 2021

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma plays an inadequate mention in the second cause of death because of cancer worldwide. An alternative therapy with high rate of prognosis and also without side effects. Several data indicated the therapeutic efficacy of Enhalus acoroides. There were no scientific studies on chemopreventive and antioxidant potential of Enhalus acoroides against hepatocellular carcinoma.Purpose: To investigate the hepatoprotective efficacy of ethanolic extract of Enhalus acoroides (EEEA) against DEN induced hepatocellular carcinoma using wistar albino rats.Study design: Animals were divided into five groups each comprising six rats. Normal saline given to Group I- Control rats. By using DEN, liver cancer was induced to Group II, III, IV and V rats as single intraperitoneally injection (100 mg/kg body weight). At the beginning of 6th week, Groups III rats received EEEA (200mg/kg body weight/day) upto 16 weeks. Group IV rats received EEEA for one week before the administration of DEN and continued till the 16th week. After the administration of DEN, Group V positive control rats received Silymarin (100 mg/kg body weight) at the beginning of 6th week and continued upto 16 weeks. The efficacy of Enhalus acoroides for its Hepatoprotective and antioxidant properties during its simultaneous treatment against DEN induced liver damage was evaluated in rats. Methods: The hepatoprotective efficacy of EEEA (200 mg/kg) was investigated against DEN (100 mg/kg/b.w) induced hepatotoxicity, was measured by evaluating serum liver markers levels (ALT, AST, GGT and ALP), Kidney markers (Urea and Creatinine), Lipid profile (TG, HDL, LDL & Total cholesterol) and Serum tumor markers (DNA, RNA, AFP and CEA). EEEA-aided antioxidant defence against hepatotoxic insult of DEN was measured by evaluating various Antioxidant biomarkers (GSH, SOD, CAT, GPx, Vit C and Vit E) Morphometric gross analysis and Histopathological studies were done to support the outcomes of the present study.Results: A significant increased antioxidant defence and reduced MDA levels in the serum of EEEA treated animals compared to the DEN induced animals. The resulting data showed that the administration of EEEA decreased the serum liver markers levels, kidney markers, Lipid profile and serum tumor markers when compared to the untreated rats. The histopathological anomalies were altered on administration of EEEA indicating its protective effects on hepatocytes when compared with untreated rats.Conclusions: Our consequences established that crude ethanolic extract of Enhalus acoroides shown an effective impact against DEN-induced hepatocellular carcinoma, and serves as a better option for chemopreventive treatments.
Genetic Variability of Acetolactate Synthase (ALS) Sequence in Centaurea Cyanus Plants Resistant and Susceptible to Tribenuron-methyl
Authors: Wrzesinska Barbara , Praczyk Tadeusz , Obrępalska-Stęplowska Aleksandra
Published: August 2021

Centaurea cyanus, belonging to the Asteraceae family, is an arable weed species being encountered mainly in the fields with cereals, sugar beet, and corn. C. cyanus high genetic variability has recently been reported, however, little is known about sequence variability in the context of herbicide resistance. C. cyanus resistance was found mainly against acetolactate inhibitors (ALS) inhibitors, but no ALS sequence information concerning herbicide resistance mechanism has been published yet. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine ALS sequences for biotypes susceptible and resistant to tribenuron-methyl in order to identify possible mutations conferring the resistance. DNA isolation from susceptible and resistant plants was followed by PCR amplification and sequencing of ALS sequence. As a result different lengths of DNA products were obtained. Moreover, both nucleotide and amino acid sequence analysis revealed high sequence variability within one plant as well as between plants from the same biotype. In a few resistant plants, six changes in amino acid sequence were identified in comparison to susceptible ones. However, these preliminary studies require further investigation toward confirming the significance of these mutations in herbicide resistance development. This study provides the first attempt in the research on C. cyanus target-site resistance mechanism.
Addition of Camrelizumab to Transarterial Chemoembolization in Hepatocellular Carcinoma With Untreatable Progression
Authors: Ren Yanqiao , Liu Ziyi , Makamure Joyman , Kan Xuefeng , Song Songlin , Liu Yiming , Qian Kun , Zheng Chuansheng , Liang Bin
Published: August 2021

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of camrelizumab addition to transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with TACE-related untreatable progression (UP).Methods: Patients with HCC who received addition of camrelizumab due to UP after initial TACE treatment were enrolled at our institution between May 2019 and January 2021. Patients were assessed for tumor response, progression-free survival (PFS), and adverse events. Risk factors for PFS were evaluated with logistic regression analysis.Results: A total of 41 patients were included. The objective response rate and disease control rate were 24.4% and 61.0% at 2-3 months, and 12.2% and 58.5% at 6 months, respectively. The median PFS of the patients were 6 months (95% CI: 3.8 months, 8.2 months). Of the 41 patients, 23 patients received camrelizumab combined with TACE (hereafter, camrelizumab-TACE), in whom 52 combined TACE procedures were performed, with a median of 2 procedures (range, 1-6) per patient. The remaining 18 patients received camrelizumab alone due to TACE contraindications. Multivariable analysis indicated that camrelizumab-TACE was an independent prognostic factor for PFS. Subgroup analysis showed a median PFS of 8 months in the camrelizumab-TACE group and 3 months in the camrelizumab monotherapy group (P<0.001). No treatment-related mortalities occurred. Seventeen patients (41.5%) developed at least one type of adverse events after treatment with camrelizumab, with reactive cutaneous capillary endothelial proliferation (n=14, 34.1%) being the most common adverse events.Conclusions: Addition of camrelizumab to TACE offered an effective and safe treatment for HCC with UP.
The Prognostic and Predictive Value of Pretreatment Serum Tumor Markers in Lung Adenocarcinoma with Different EGFR Status
Authors: Chen Qian , Li YanLan , Feng Yan , Li Xuemei , Jian Dan , Luo Hao , Qian Chengyuan , Zhu JianWu , Wang Dong , Dai Nan , Li mengxia
Published: August 2021

Background: The prognostic value of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cytokeratin-19 fragments (Cyfra21-1), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), Glycogen Antigen 153, Glycogen Antigen 199 has been investigated in Lung Adenocarcinoma (LUAD). However, few studies have directly focused on the association between serum tumor markers and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation status.Material and Method: 146 patients with stage IIIB and IV LUAD were enrolled between 2008 and 2018. Correlations between serum tumor marker levels, EGFR mutations and survival were analyzed and prognostic factors were identified.Result: Of eligible 90 patients with EGFR-mutant LUAD, CA 15-3 (7 versus 9 months, 0.037 for PFS; 25 months versus 36 month, P = 0.003 for OS, ) and Cyfra21-1 (7.0 versus 9.0 months, P =0.010 for PFS, 25 months versus 36 months, P=0.044 for OS,showed negatively significant correlation with overall survival and Progression free survival. For parents without EGFR-mutation, CA125 (month versus 8 months, P = 0.013 for DFS, 18 months versus 24 month, P = 0.016 for OS) also showed negatively significant correlation with overall survival and Progression free survival.Conclusion: CA153 and Cyfra21-1 was a prognostic serum biomarker in EGFR-mutant LUAD patient, coincide with CA125 in EGFR-WT LUAD group.Cyfra21-1 levels was also a predictive serum biomarker for in EGFR-mutant LUAD patient who received EGFR-TKI treatment.
Quantitative and visualized analysis of 5,097 triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) publications by using multiple machine learning algorithms: TNBC is an excellent forerunner in cancer research
Authors: Wang Kangtao , Zheng Chanjuan , Xue Lian , Deng Dexin , Tan Fengbo , Pei Qian , Li Yuqiang , Wang Dan , Zeng Liang , Li Ming , Deng Xiyun
Published: August 2021

Background:

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer proposed at the beginning of this century, which is still the most challenging breast cancer subtype due to its aggressive behavior, including early relapse, metastatic spread, and poor survival. This study explores current research status and deficiencies from a macro perspective on TNBC publications by using machine learning methods.
Methods:

All publications under the MeSH term "Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms" in PubMed were searched and downloaded as of December 2020. R and Python were used to extract MeSH terms, geographic information and other abstracts from metadata. The Latent Dirichlet Allocation algorithm was applied to identify specific research topics. The Louvain algorithm was used to establish a topic network, identifying the relationship between the topics.
Results:

A total of 5,097 publications were identified, with an average annual growth rate of 33.5%. Only 88 countries and regions in the world participated in TNBC research. The publications contain about 25% of clinical trial-related research. The rapid clinical progress will provide an excellent example for diagnosing and treating other tumors, suggesting that TNBC is an excellent forerunner in cancer research. Publications of pathogenic mechanisms and drugs are most studied. Using the Topic model, we found that the publications were mainly focused on three aspects: treatment plan research, new biomarkers research, and the regulation mechanism for TNBC aggressive behavior.
Conclusion:

This study quantitively summarizes the current status of TNBC research from a macro perspective and will aid in redirecting basic and clinical research toward a better outcome of TNBC.
LukS-PV Induced HOXA9 Degradation in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells via Autophagy
Authors: Qiang Ping , Fang Chao , Song Kaidi , Shi Lan , Dai Yuanyuan , Chang Wenjiao , Xu Liangfei , Ma Xiaoling
Published: August 2021

Aberrant over-expression of HOXA9 is a prominent feature of AML driven by multiple oncogenes, thus therapeutic degradation of HOXA9 by autophagy may be an effective treatment strategy for AML. PVL is a pore forming cytotoxin secreted by Staphylococcus aureus, and it is composed of two subunits - LukS-PV and LukF-PV. Here, we show that LukS-PV can stimulate the conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II in AML cells in a concentration-dependent manner, and autophagic vacuoles can be found in LukS-PV-treated THP-1 cells. Furthermore, we find that an accumulation of LC3-positive structures in AML cells exposed to LukS-PV, indicating that an increased autophagic flux were formed. Therefore, LukS-PV induced autophagy of AML cells. We also demonstrated that LukS-PV could regulate the expression of HOXA9 at the protein level. HOXA9 molecules were detected in autophagosomes after LukS-PV treatment, indicating that autophagy induction accounted for the degradation of HOXA9.
Localized waves and mixed interaction solutions with dynamical analysis to the Gross-Pitaevskii equation in the Bose-Einstein condensate
Authors: Wang Haotian , Zhou Qin , Biswas Anjan , Liu Wenjun
Published: August 2021

We report a kind of breather, rogue wave and mixed interaction structures on a variational background height in the Gross-Pitaevskii equation in the Bose-Einstein condensate by the generalized Darboux transformation method, and the effects of related parameters on rogue wave structures are discussed. Numerical simulation can discuss the dynamics and stability of these solutions. We numerically confirm that these are correct, and can be reproduced from a deterministic initial profile. Results show that rogue waves and mixed interaction solutions can evolve with a small amplitude perturbation under the initial profile conditions, but breathers cannot. Therefore, these can be used to anticipate the feasibility of their experimental observation.
Wavelet-based multifractal analysis and fractal Signature of SARS-Cov-2 Coronavirus Variants genomes.
Authors: Ouadfeul Sid-Ali
Published: August 2021

In this paper, the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus variants of concern and of interest genomes are analyzed using the wavelet transform modulus maxima lines (WTMM) method. The goal is to track the monofractal behavior of the virus genomes and to investigate the Long-Range-Correlation (LRC) character through the estimation of the Hurst exponent. The obtained results demonstrate the multifractal and the anti-correlated characters in the variants of concern for the Knucleotidic and GC DNA coding. The fractal signatures of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus variants are investigated through the indicator matrix maps of the genomes, they exhibit the same patterns for the variants (Alpha, Delta) and (Eta, Lota, Kappa) with moving positions, while the variants Beta, Gamma and Epsilon have different indicator matrixes. The fractal dimensions of SARS-CoV-2 variants are oscillating aroundI, except the Epsilon variant from USA, where the fractal dimension is 1.70.
Swimming Training Modifies Stress-induced Changes in the Hippocampal Morphology and Spatial Memory in Rats
Authors: Safari Mohammad Amin , Jahromi Maryam koushkie , Aligholi Hadi , Rezaei Rasoul , zeraatpisheh Zahra , Brand Serge
Published: August 2021

This study assessed the effect of swimming training on morphology (Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), dark cells and thickness of CA1 and DG) of the hippocampus and spatial memory performance in young male rats exposed to chronic stress. Adult male wistar rats were randomly assigned to five groups: swimming training (ST); exposure to chronic mild stress (CS); exposure to chronic mild stress followed by swimming training (CS + ST); exposure to chronic mild stress followed by a recovery period (CS + recovery); control group with no exercise or stress intervention. Spatial memory was measured by Morris Water Maze (MWM). Results: The lowest GFAP and number of dark cells, the highest thickness of CA1, DG, and spatial memory performance were observed in the ST group. In the CS + ST group, swimming training reduced GFAP and the number of dark cells, increased thickness of CA1 and DG, and memory performance, compared to control and CS + Recovery. In the CS group, GFAP and the number of dark cells were highest and thickness of CA1 and DG were lowest among the study groups. In the CS + Recovery group, GFAP, and the number of dark cells were lower, compared to the CS group. Conclusion: swimming training could attenuate astrogliosis and the number of dark cells in both stressed and non-stressed rats and its effect on non-stressed rats was more prominent than in stressed rats. Among young male rates, swimming training could improve stress-induced spatial memory performance and hippocampal morphology.
The competitive effect of Electro-chlorination over chlorination for controlling disinfection by-product formation in phenol and aniline enriched groundwater
Authors: Mohanta Vijay Laxmi , Mishra Brijesh Kumar
Published: August 2021

Disinfection is an essential step to keep humans healthy from microorganisms present in drinking water. However, the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) is associated with adverse health effects, and the presence of organic pollutants in groundwater results in even more detrimental effects. Therefore, a better treatment technique is required to disinfect and remove organic pollutants simultaneously to control the formation of DBPs. Electro-chlorination (EC) was carried out using graphite electrode at the current density of 0.54–1.09 mA/cm2 and sodium chloride for in-situ hypochlorite generation to treat groundwater contaminated with phenol and aniline. The comparative study between chlorination and EC showed a significant level of oxidation of phenol and aniline, resulting in their reduction up to 98.48% and 99.47%, respectively, in the EC process. Due to the higher mineralization rate of aniline, both chlorination and EC method are found to be effective. However, only the EC method is found to be appropriate and effective for treating phenol-contaminated water as the chlorination method resulted in the formation of complicated phenolic by-products. Gas-Chromatography/Mass-Spectrometry (GCMS) was used to assess the by-product formation of chlorination and EC in contaminated groundwater through the full-scan.
Healthcare Providers' Perception of Advance Care Plans for Patients with Critical Illnesses in Acute-Care Hospitals: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: YAMAMOTO KANAKO
Published: August 2021

BackgroundIt is unclear how healthcare providers provide advance care plans (ACPs) support to the patients treated in ICUs. The purpose of this study is to clarify healthcare providers’ perceptions of the ACPs support provided to patients receiving critical care in acute-care hospitals.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted using questionnaires. In this study, 400 acute-care hospitals with ICUs in Japan were randomly selected, and 1490 subjects, including intensivists, surgeons, ICU nurses, surgical floor nurses, and surgical outpatient nurses, participated. Survey items examined whether ICU patients received ACPS support, the participants’ degree of confidence in providing ACPS support, the patients’ treatment preferences and the decision-making process, and whether there was any discussion on and succession of values.ResultsResponses were obtained from 598 participants from 157 hospitals. Sixty-five hospitals (41.4%) reportedly supported ACPs provision to ICU patients. The subjects with the highest level of ACPs understanding were surgeons, 27 out of 59 (45.8%), and differences in understanding were observed across specialties (p < 0.001). Among the respondents, physicians and nurses expressed high levels of confidence in providing ACPs support to patients requiring critical care. However, 15.2% of all the subjects mentioned that they would not attempt to resuscitate the patients. In addition, 25.7% of the participants handed over patients’ values to other departments or hospitals, whereas 25.3% handed over the decision-making process.ConclusionsAmong the participating hospitals, 40% provided ACPs support to patients receiving critical care. This is probably because support providers lack ACPs knowledge and it is sometimes too late to start providing ACPs support after ICU admission. In addition, the perception of ACPs, widely considered an ambiguous concept, differs among healthcare providers. Finally, in acute-care hospitals with different healthcare settings, it is necessary to confirm and integrate the changes in feelings and thoughts of patients’ family members and healthcare providers.
Receipt of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines preconception and during pregnancy and risk of self-reported spontaneous abortions, CDC v-safe COVID-19 Vaccine Pregnancy Registry 2020-21
Authors: Zauche Lauren Head , Wallace Bailey , Smoots Ashley N. , Olson Christine K. , Oduyebo Titilope , Kim Shin Y. , Peterson Emily E. , Ju Jun , Beauregard Jennifer , Wilcox Allen J. , Rose Charles E. , Meaney-Delman Dana , Ellington Sascha R.
Published: August 2021

Background

There is continuing public concern about the safety of COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy. While there is no compelling biological reason to expect that mRNA COVID-19 vaccination (either preconception or during pregnancy) presents a risk to pregnancy, data are limited. It is, however, well documented that SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy is associated with severe illness and increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Among recognized pregnancies in high-income countries, 11–16% end in spontaneous abortion (SAB).
Methods

People enrolled in v-safe, a voluntary smartphone-based surveillance system, who received a COVID-19 vaccine preconception or during pregnancy were contacted by telephone to enroll in the v-safe pregnancy registry. V-safe pregnancy registry participants who received at least one dose of an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine preconception or prior to 20 weeks’ gestation and who did not report a pregnancy loss before 6 completed weeks’ gestation were included in this analysis to assess the cumulative risk of SAB using Life Table methods.
Results

Among 2,456 pregnant persons who received an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine preconception or prior to 20 weeks’ gestation, the cumulative risk of SAB from 6–19 weeks’ gestation was 14.1% (95% CI: 12.1, 16.1%). Using direct age standardization to the selected reference population, the age-standardized cumulative risk of SAB was 12.8% (95% CI: 10.8–14.8%).
Conclusions

When compared to the expected range of SABs in recognized pregnancies, these data suggest receipt of an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine preconception or during pregnancy is not associated with an increased risk of SAB. These findings add to accumulating evidence that mRNA COVID-19 vaccines during pregnancy are safe.
Reference Gene Selection for Real-time Quantitative Reverse-transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction in Flower Buds of Marigold
Authors: Tang Nan , Zhang Wuhua , Chen Liwen , Wang Yan , Tang Daocheng
Published: August 2021

Marigold (Tagetes erecta) is an important commercial plant because of its ornamental, industrial, and medicinal values. Male-sterile two-type lines are important for heterosis utilization and breeding of marigold. Mining of fertility-related genes may help to elucidate the mechanisms underlying male sterility. Quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) is a popular and useful tool for analyzing the expression level of a specific gene. Notably, identifying a suitable reference gene is important for data normalization because it affects the accuracy of quantitative analysis. However, at present, no reference genes are available for marigold. During the current study, 10 candidate reference genes were selected and their expression levels in different samples were analyzed by qRT-PCR. The expression level of each gene was analyzed across different developmental stages of male-sterile and male-fertile flower buds by four software programs (geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and RefFinder). The results showed that different reference genes are required for male-sterile and male-fertile samples, even if they belong to the same line. For male-sterile samples, the ribosomal protein S5/18S ribosomal RNA (RPS5/18S) gene pair was the best reference for qRT-PCR normalization, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) could be used as an alternative. For male-fertile samples, elongation factor 1-alpha (EF1α) and RPS5 were the most suitable reference genes, and Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (UBC) could be used as an alternative. Beta-actin (ACTB), tubulin beta (TUB), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) should not be used as reference genes because they were the most unstable genes in flower buds of marigold. The results of the current study may facilitate the selection of reference genes for analyzing the expression patterns of genes involved in flower development related to male sterility in marigold.
W poszukiwaniu przyrodniczego, filozoficznego i teologicznego obrazu Wszechświata. Sylwetka naukowa księdza Grzegorza Bugajaka
Authors: Lemańska Anna
Published: August 2021

W artykule przedstawiono życiorys i najważniejsze dokonania naukowe ks. dr hab. Grzegorza Bugajaka (1966-2020), prof. UKSW, związanego z Wydziałem Filozofii Chrześcijańskiej ATK/UKSW. Ks. Bugajak zostawił po sobie duży i interesujący dorobek naukowy, koncentrujący się wokół problemów z zakresu filozofii przyrody, filozofii nauk przyrodniczych i relacji między naukami przyrodniczymi a teologią. Jego prace stanowią znaczny wkład w rozwój filozofii.

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Zgłoszono: 12/08/2020. Zrecenzowano: 19/09/2020. Zaakceptowano do publikacji: 30/10/2020
Dwie możliwe interpretacje paradoksu Zenona z Elei "Korzec prosa"
Authors: Piętka Dariusz
Published: August 2021

Przedmiotem artykułu jest paradoks Zenona z Elei Korzec prosa. Wszystkie zachowane argumenty Zenona znane są z przekazów filozofów późniejszych. Korzec prosa jest zdawkowo przedstawiony przez Arystotelesa w Fizyce oraz znajduje się w Komentarzu do „Fizyki” Arystotelesa autorstwa Simplikiosa. Obydwa fragmenty, które stanowią przedmiot rozważań, zawierają częściowo odmienną terminologię oraz występują w nich rozumowania, oparte na innych schematach wnioskowania. Celem analiz zawartych w tekście jest uzasadnienie, że fragment z Fizyki Arystotelesa może sytuować omawiany paradoks jako argument przeciw ruchowi, a nie jako argument przeciw wielości, jak przedstawia się go zazwyczaj w świetle przekazu Simplikiosa. W artykule zostały przedstawione obydwa fragmenty w języku greckim wraz z autorskimi tłumaczeniami oraz szczegółową analizą ich treści.

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Zgłoszono: 28/09/2020. Zrecenzowano: 30/10/2020. Zaakceptowano do publikacji: 18/11/2020
Znaczenie, recepcja i konsekwencje filozoficzne encykliki "Aeterni Patris" w kontekście pytania o filozofię chrześcijańską
Authors: Grzybowski Jacek
Published: August 2021

Dziewiętnaste stulecie to jeden z najbogatszych w wydarzenia i treści okresów historii myśli ludzkiej. Jeśli popatrzymy na ten czas pod kątem wydarzeń o znaczeniu ideowym, to uzmysłowimy sobie, że symbolicznie otwiera je wielka rewolucja francuska (1789), a kończy wybuch I wojny światowej (1914). Naukowe teorie i filozoficzne przesłania, jakie zrodziły się w tym okresie – kantyzm, heglizm, materializm, marksizm, społeczny i biologiczny ewolucjonizm, pozytywizm, radykalny ateizm – wypełniły uniwersyteckie sale wykładowe, gabinety polityczne i izby parlamentów. Nie wszyscy żyjący wówczas intelektualiści zdawali sobie sprawę z przemożnej siły filozoficznych nowinek czy przełomowego znaczenia ideowych propozycji. Tylko uważny namysł nad tym, co wtedy dokonywało się w europejskiej myśli, co działo się w kulturze, nauce, historii, filozofii i religii, pozwalał zauważyć, że nadchodzą bardzo poważne zmiany. Jedną z kluczowych postaci, która dostrzegła moc filozoficznych idei, rozbrzmiewających w dyskusjach tego stulecia, był włoski duchowny Gioacchino Vincenzo Raphaelo Luigi Pecci, późniejszy papież Leon XIII. Właśnie świadomy wagi i mocy ideowych skutków nowych prądów pod koniec XIX wieku, w bardzo trudnych dla Kościoła katolickiego czasach, we wrogiej chrześcijaństwu światopoglądowej atmosferze, spowodowanej wpływem idealistycznych filozofii i fascynacją rodzącym się marksizmem, ogłosił w 1879 roku encyklikę Aeterni Patris. Papież wskazywał sposoby intelektualnego wspomagania i odbudowywania znaczenia teologii i religii w życiu społecznym, zachwianego przez nurty postoświeceniowe i modernistyczne. Leon XIII przekonywał, że jeśli misją Kościoła jest nauczanie, to jest on odpowiedzialny także za ocenę treści, jakie pojawiają się w życiu społecznym i politycznym. Narody, państwa i wspólnoty nie żyją jedynie sprawami ekonomicznymi czy bytowymi, ale przede wszystkim tym, co dokonuje się w kulturze, sztuce, filozofii. Papież proroczo dostrzegł, jak wiele zależy od filozofii. W świetle wciąż powracającego pytania o zasadność i potrzebę filozofii chrześcijańskiej warto spojrzeć retrospektywnie na znaczenie wspomnianej encykliki i zawartej w niej wizji roli filozofii w ludzkim poszukiwaniu odpowiedzi na pytania, wynikające z aktualnego postępu cywilizacyjnego, naukowego i kulturowego.

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Zgłoszono: 26/07/2020. Zrecenzowano: 18/09/2020. Zaakceptowano do publikacji: 27/10/2020
Mówienie - rozmowa - dialog - dyskusja
Authors: Krokos Jan
Published: August 2021

Mówienie, rozmowa, dialog i dyskusja to cztery bliskoznaczne terminy i cztery fenomeny ze sobą spokrewnione. Mówienie to sensowne artykułowanie dźwięków przez podmiot osobowy i jako takie jest warunkiem pozostałych aktywności. Rozmowa jest wzajemnym mówieniem do siebie przynajmniej dwóch osób na jakiś temat. Dialog i dyskusja, będące rozmową osób, różnią się przedmiotem, celem i strukturą. Dla obu rozmowa jest fundamentem. Warunkiem dialogu i dyskusji jest wewnętrzna wolność osób, które w nich biorą udział. Głównym celem dialogu jest zapoznanie się ze stanowiskiem i poglądami jego uczestników na określony temat. Uczestnicy dialogu nie muszą posiadać równych kompetencji. Dyskusja jest dialogiem sformalizowanym, kwalifikowanym. Jej celem jest rozwiązanie jakiegoś problemu. W dyskusji musi być zatem wyraźnie określony jej przedmiot, aspekt oraz muszą zostać uzgodnione pojęcia. Dyskutanci muszą posiadać podobne kompetencje w dyskutowanych sprawach. Dyskusja posiada też swą wewnętrzną, logiczną strukturę.

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Zgłoszono: 22/09/2020. Zrecenzowano: 06/11/2020. Zaakceptowano do publikacji: 20/11/2020
Targeted Protein Degradation and Regulation with Molecular Glue:
Past and Recent Discoveries
Authors: Fang Yizheng , He Qiaojun , Cao Ji
Published: August 2021

:

The evolution in research and clinical settings of targeted therapies has been inspired by the
progress of cancer chemotherapy to use small molecules and monoclonal antibodies for targeting specific
disease-associated genes and proteins for noninfectious chronic diseases. In addition to conventional
protein inhibition and activation strategies as drug discovery modalities, new methods of targeted
protein degradation and regulation using molecular glues have become an attractive approach for drug
discovery. Mechanistically, molecular glues trigger interactions between the proteins that originally did
not interact by forming ternary complexes as protein-protein interaction (PPI) modulators. New molecular
glues and their mechanisms of action have been actively investigated in the past decades. An
immunomodulatory imide drug, thalidomide, and its derivatives have been used in the clinic and are a
class of molecular glue that induces degradation of several neo-substrates. In this review, we summarize
the development of molecular glues and share our opinions on the identification of novel molecular
glues in an attempt to promote the concept and inspire further investigations.
Cascade Biocatalytic Processes through Combined Cross-linked Enzyme Aggregates
Authors: Gaggero Nicoletta , Albanese Domenico C.M.
Published: August 2021

Cascade reactions catalyzed by immobilized multi enzymatic systems are emerging
as a tool to address the increasing need for green and sustainable chemistry. In this regard, the
carrier-free immobilization strategy of combined cross-linked enzymes aggregates (combi-
CLEAs) is of great interest. In a combi-CLEAs two or more enzymes are co-immobilized into
a single unit where they are accommodated in close proximity in order to minimize the intermediates
diffusion in the reaction medium, at the same time allowing the access of substrates
and coenzymes to the active sites. The use of CLEAs provides a simple and low cost methodology
that enhances operational and storage enzyme stability and facilitates biocatalyst recovery
and recycle. Some significant applications of cascade reactions catalyzed by combi-
CLEAs are reported in this mini-review. These examples have been applied on a multigram
scale and have furnished practical steps towards the implementation of enzymes on an industrial scale.
Cell-adhesion Molecules as Key Mechanisms of Tumor Invasion:
The Case of Breast Cancer
Authors: Luís Carla , Soares Raquel , Fernandes Rúben , Botelho Mónica
Published: August 2021

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Cancer is a major health problem worldwide and the second leading cause of
death following cardiovascular diseases. Breast cancer is the leading cause of mortality
and morbidity among women and one of the most common malignant neoplasms prompt
to metastatic disease.
In the present review, the mechanisms of the major cell adhesion molecules involved in
tumor invasion are discussed, focusing on the case of breast cancer. A non-systematic
updated revision of the literature was performed in order to assemble information
regarding the expression of the adhesion cell molecules associated with metastasis.