bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kajian Terhadap Potensi Kabupaten Cirebon Sebagai Kawasan Sharia Tourism Di Provinsi Jawa Barat
Authors: Setiawan Dedy , Komara Siti , Anton Athoillah Mohamad , Anton Athoillah Mohamad
Published: October 2022

Pariwisata merupakan sektor yang sangat mudah untuk meningkatkan nilai tambah pada pendapatan daerah. Akhir-akhir ini konsep pariwisata syariah sedang marak dirancang dan dikembangkan di berbagai daerah di Indonesia. Kabupaten Cirebon merupakan salah satu daerah yang sudah memiliki modal dalam mengembangkan pariwisata syariah karena sudah memiliki obyek wisata religi yang sangat ramai dikunjungi oleh wisatawan. Namun, perlu ditelaah mengenai daya dukung dan daya hambat berkembangnya wisata syariah di Kabupaten Cirebon tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif karena bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran secara lebih mendalam akan suatu fenomena dibandingkan untuk mengukur pengaruh suatu fenomena terhadap suatu kejadian. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Kabupaten Cirebon merupakan daerah yang potensial untuk mengembangkan pariwisata syariah. Beberapa obyek wisata di Kabupaten Cirebon sudah dikembangkan kea rah pariwisata syariah. Begitu juga dengan UMKM di sektor kuliner ataupu  perbelanjaan yang juga didorong untuk melakukan sertifikasi halal supaya koheren dengan program pengembangan pariwisata syariah tersebut. Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Cirebon sudah melakukan berbagai program dan kegiatan untuk mendorong terwujudnya pariwisata syariah.
Pengaruh Pelatihan dan Kompensasi Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Di Lembaga Zakat Dompet Peduli Ummat Daarut Tauhiid Cabang Priangan Timur
Authors: Setiawan Bambang
Published: October 2022

Persaingan bisnis yang meningkat mendorong perusahaan untuk memasukkan isu SDM ke dalam strategi pengembangan perusahaan. Perusahaan dituntut tidak hanya memiliki produktivitas yang tinggi, melainkan juga harus menunjukkan keunggulan dalam kemampuan untuk menghasilkan barang dan jasa yang bermutu, beraneka ragam sesuai dengan minat pelanggan, disertai dengan kemudahan dan kenyamanan serta ketepatan waktu. Daya saing perusahaan ditentukan oleh kompetensi SDM yang dimiliki, yang merupakan sumber keunggulan kompetitif (competitive advantage) yang teramat penting. Permasalahan penelitian ini diketahui berdasarkan kinerja yang dapat dilihat pada grafik dana dihimpun dan disalurkan DPU DT tahun 2008 ke tahun 2009 mengalami penurunan, di tahun 2010 mengalami kenaikan, dan dua tahun berturut-turut kembali mengalami penurunan yaitu di tahun 2011 dan 2012. Dari data ini dapat dikatakan bahwa kinerja DPU DT mengalami penurunan yang signifikan melihat penghimpunan dan penyaluran dana ZIS tiga tahun kebelakang. Dalam rangka meningkatkan kualitas/kompetensi SDM, yang menjadi fokus penelitian ini adalah terkait dengan pelatihan, kompensasi, dan kinerja karyawan. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui besarnya pengaruh pelatihan secara parsial terhadap kinerja karyawan di Lembaga Zakat DPU DT, mengetahui besarnya pengaruh kompensasi secara parsial terhadap kinerja karyawan di Lembaga Zakat DPU DT, dan mengetahui besarnya pengaruh pelatihan dan kompensasi secara simultan terhadap kinerja karyawan di Lembaga Zakat DPU DT. Adapun metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah mix-method atau mullti methodology. Karakteristik masalah yang diteliti dapat diklarifikasi sebagai explanatory research. Teknik pengumpulan data diperoleh dari wawancara, dan penyebaran angket/kuesioner kepada seluruh karyawan DPU DT Cabang Priangan Timur. Teknik analisa data yang digunakan adalah uji validitas, uji reliabilitas, uji normalitas, uji asumsi klasik, analisis regresi linier berganda yang terbebas dari autokorelasi, uji hipotesis. Hasil uji reliabilitas, didapat masingmasing nilai Alpha variabel pelatihan sebesar 0,835, variabel kompensasi sebesar 0,893, dan untuk variabel kinerja sebesar 0,848. Sedangkan nilai r kritis (uji 2 sisi) pada signifikansi 0,05 dengan jumlah data (n) = 14, didapat nilai reliabilitas sebesar 0,497. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dari objek yang diteliti yaitu Lembaga Zakat Dompet Peduli Ummat Daarut Tauhiid Cabang Priangan Timur diketahui bahwa besarnya pengaruh pelatihan secara parsial terhadap kinerja karyawan adalah sebesar 80,57% masuk dalam kategori sangat baik, besarnya pengaruh kompensasi secara parsial terhadap kinerja karyawan adalah sebesar 82,00%, masuk dalam kategori baik, dan besarnya pengaruh pelatihan dan kompensasi secara simultan terhadap kinerja karyawan adalah sebesar 88,43%, masuk dalam kategori baik.
Lærerens didaktiske valg og deres betydning for eleven i undervisningen
Authors: Qvortrup Ane , Bach Mikkelsen Chanette
Published: October 2022

Artiklen er baseret på kvalitative data fra to casestudier i en dansk folkeskoles udskoling. Udgangspunktet tages i didaktiske kernebegreber, der undersøges empirisk ud fra de lærervalg, der retter sig mod inddragelse af eleverne, samt disse valgs betydning for elevernes tillid til egne muligheder i undervisningen. Den symbolske interaktionisme fungerer som teoretisk ramme for at indfange dele af dannelsen, hvilket undersøges ud fra de betydningsbærende symboler, der observeres i undervisningen, og interviews bidrager til at forstå både lærernes intentioner og den meaning, eleverne knytter an til lærernes gestus i un­der­visningen. Artiklen viser, at lærerne bidrager til at etablere et rum, hvor eleverne kan afprøve sig selv og egne meningsdannelser inden for et klassefællesskab. Samtidig viser analysen, hvordan interaktioner mellem lærere, elever og indhold, og de gestures, der anvendes, både er udviklende ift. elevernes dannelse af meaning og ift. fællesskabets interaktion omkring didaktisk indhold og didaktiske deltagelsesformer. Dette er udtryk for en internalisering af sociale processer, hvor lærernes intentionelle valg og fleksibilitet over for eleverne i selve undervisningen bidrager til en positiv selvdannelse hos flere elever.  Således bidrager artiklen til det opkommende, men endnu ikke tydeligt etablerede felt af empirisk dannelsesforskning.
Minding the gap
Authors: Löf Camilla , Vallberg Roth Ann-Christine
Published: October 2022

Since the term “teaching” was apostrophized in the revised curriculum for Swedish preschool, preschool teachers seem to have been struggling with the concept in their day-to-day practices. The current article is based in a collaborative R&D programme aiming at further developing knowledge about what may characterize teaching in preschools. In this article a didactic and pragmatically informed teaching approach with focus on values is analysed. The aim is to understand preschool teachers’ interpretations of the didactic why question, which plays a central role in teaching from a pragmatic perspective. The material underlying the teaching approach consists of a total of 364 documents, including 64 video recordings. This was carried about in about 120 preschools and/or preschool departments in ten Swedish municipalities. The analysis takes a didactic approach and can be methodologically described as abductive analysis. The results indicate that the question “why?” in didactic and pragmatically informed teaching with focus on values is characterized by ethical dilemmas concerning rules and norms in preschool practice. Consequently, the ethical dilemmas are constituted as didactic dilemmas, in which preschool teachers, in co-actions with children, focus on values in teaching situations, and for which preschool teachers need to take actions without offending colleagues, children or parents.
Perspektiv på handledning och den handleddes roller i lärarutbildningens verksamhetsförlagda delar
Authors: Taflin Eva , Dimenäs Jörgen
Published: October 2022

Within teacher education supervision of teacher students is a central and appreciated element. It is also witnessed as a dilemma when the academy meets supervisors in schools with different perspectives and expectations. The area of interest of the present study is to identify different perspectives on supervision roles among supervisors and teacher students in relation to expectation, power and influence. The question is how we can describe and understand the roles of teacher students from different supervision perspectives during work integrated learning activities at schools. A conceptual starting point has been taken from Foucault’s power perspective and empirical data is related to analysis of interviews and documents. The results from the study shows that the roles of teacher students can be understood on the basis of subordinated management and a lower degree of scientific approach and are referred to roles as assistants and apprentices. Secondly, the roles can be understood as equal management based on a higher degree of scientific approach and be referred to as colleagues and co-researchers. One conclusion is that the four ways of understanding the different roles of teacher students are something that should be understood over time and that the roles can vary from situation to situation.
Ujı aktıvıtas sedıaan granul darı ekstrak etanol daun komba-komba (Chromolaena odorata L.) sebagaı larvasıda
Authors: Armadany Fery Indradewi , Solo Dian Munasari , Utama Ari Putra , Adjeng Andi Nafisah Tendri
Published: October 2022

Komba-komba (Chromolaena odorata L.) merupakan salah satu tumbuhan yang dapat digunakan sebagai larvasida alami. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas ekstrak daun komba-komba berbunga kuning dan bentuk sediaan granulnya sebagai larvasida. Daun komba-komba diekstraksi secara maserasi menggunakan etanol 96% kemudian didelipidasi menggunakan n-heksan. Ekstrak diidentifikasi metabolit sekundernya melalui skrining fitokimia secara kualitatif mengikuti metode Harborne. Pengujian aktivitas larvasida dilakukan pada ekstrak etanol dan ekstrak etanol terdelipidasi pada konsentrasi 250 ppm, 500 ppm, 1000 ppm dan 2000 ppm untuk mengetahui nilai Lethal Concentration/LC50. Ekstrak diformulasi menjadi sediaan granul menggunakan metode granulasi basah. Hasil skrining fitokimia menunjukkan metabolit sekunder ekstrak etanol daun komba-komba yaitu alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin dan tannin. Uji aktivitas larvasida menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol terdelipidasi memiliki aktivitas lebih baik dibandingkan ekstrak etanol dengan nilai LC50 ekstrak etanol terdelipidasi sebesar 261,6 ppm dan ekstrak etanol sebesar 317,1 ppm. Ekstrak tanol terdelipidasi dengan konsentrasi 1000 ppm ke atas berpotensi untuk dikembangkan dalam bentuk sediaan granul karena memiliki aktivitas larvasida setara dengan kontrol positif (temefos 1000 ppm). Ekstrak etanol terdelipidasi daun komba-komba diformulasikan dalam bentuk sediaan granul menggunakan kombinasi eksipien amilum, PVP dan laktosa. Uji aktivitas larvasida pada granul menunjukkan nilai LC50 sebesar 225,8 ppm.
Beneficial Effects of Sulforaphane-Yielding Broccoli Sprout on Cardiometabolic Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Houshialsadat Zeinab , Mirmiran Parvin , Zare-Javid Ahmad , Bahadoran Zahra , Houghton Christine
Published: October 2022

Context: Cruciferous vegetables are among the popular functional foods in disease prevention and health promotion. Emerging literature suggest that Sulforaphane-yielding broccoli sprouts can influence cardiometabolic diseases management. Objectives: Given the increasing prevalence of cardiometabolic diseases worldwide, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to study the cardiometabolic implications of broccoli sprout supplementation within the literature. Methods: Eligible literature was retrieved through Pubmed and Scopus up to June 2022. Results: Ten clinical trials investigating broccoli sprout supplementation and cardiometabolic health among human subjects were extracted for meta-analysis. The earliest study was published in 2004, and the most recent was released in 2019. Seven studies included control groups for valid comparison. Overall, the dietary intake of broccoli sprouts significantly reduced systolic (-10.9 mmHg; 95% confidence interval (CI): -17.0, -4.86) and diastolic (-6.95 mmHg; 95% CI: -10.6, -3.28) blood pressures. Marginally significant changes were also detected in blood lipid biomarkers compared to the baseline. Conclusions: Our results confirm the hypotensive properties of broccoli sprout and highlight the potential sulforaphane-dependent effects of this vegetable.
Hacking the Techno-Transition: The Possibilities of Deep Energy Literacy
Authors: Wilson Sheena
Published: October 2022

This article takes the E.L. Smith Solar Farm at the E.L. Smith Water treatment plant in Alberta – a province at the epicentre of Canada’s oil and gas industry – as a case study for what I call deep energy literacy. An energy transition away from fossil fuels to sustainable energy sources is a necessary first response to climate change. Deep energy literacy is a proposition, a set of theoretical concepts, through which to disrupt, or “hack”, technophilic transitions by attending to intersectional feminist and decolonial politics and solidarities. Technocratic solutions for decarbonization that do not radically reorient existing social, economic, and political relationships are failed solutions even before implementation begins because they have not addressed the root cause of climate change: a bankrupt extractivist worldview. This worldview is the cause of not only climate change but multiple converging crises. Deep energy literacy is a proposition grounded in relationality that can help us identify problems more holistically and thereby come up with solutions that not only address necessary energy transition shifts, but that do so while simultaneously addressing a plethora of other concerns – including but not limited to Indigenous (re)conciliation  – by creating more equitable and just societies and ecosystems. Seen through the lens of deep energy literacy, this analysis of the processes through which the E.L. Smith Solar Farm project was approved illustrates that when decisions about new energy infrastructure are based in entrenched economic, political, social, and epistemological paradigms, they fail to disrupt the status quo and therefore fail to adequately address the root causes of climate change. To achieve a just transition many experiments need to take place; many of these experimentations will be imperfect. In the case study considered in this paper, I suggest that while deep energy literacy conversations were begun, they were not integrated fulsomely enough. Nonetheless, there are positive lessons to be taken from the E.L. Smith Solar Farm and integrated into future decision-making processes.
Solubility Enhancement for Dietheyldithiocarbamate-Zinc for Lung Cancer Treatment
Authors: Kaya Ayse , Ansari-Fard Niusha , Alves Dan , Arafat Basel , Chichger Havovi , Najlah Mohammad
Published: October 2022

Diethyldithiocarbamate zinc (Zn(DDC)2), has shown promising antineoplastic effects against a wide variety of cancers. However, this application was hindered by its poor water solubility. Therefore, complexation with cyclodextrin was used to enhance the solubility. Five different concentrations of 2-hydroxyl beta-cyclodextrin (HP) and ether beta-cyclodextrin (SBE) were used. CD-Zn(DDC)2 solutions were freez-dried for further characterisation using DSC, TGA and FT-IR. The phase solubility study showed a significant water-solubility enchantment of  Zn(DDC)2, and the characterisation studies confirmed the formation of inclusion complexes CD-Zn(DDC)2. Overall, CDs have improved Zn(DDC)2 solubility significantly and showed a promising anticancer activity against lung cancer cells. Hence, CD-Zn(DDC)2 complexes have a great potential for further studies against cancer.    
Serum fetuin-A and RANKL levels in patients with early stage breast cancer
Authors: Afsar Cigdem , Aral Hale , Can Orçun , Can Trabulus , Karacetin Didem , Ali Nazlı , Umar Gursu , Karabulut Senem
Published: October 2022

Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the primary cause of mortality due to cancer in females around the world. Fetuin-A is known to increase metastases over signals and peroxisomes related with growing. Receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB ligand (RANKL) takes part in cell adhesion, and RANKL inhibition is used in the management of cancer. We aimed to examine the relationship between serum fetuin-A, RANKL levels, other laboratory parameters and clinical findings in women diagnosed with early stage BC, in our population. Methods: Women having early stage BC (n=117) met our study inclusion criteria as they had no any anti-cancer therapy before. Thirty-seven healthy women controls were also confirmed with breast examination and ultrasonography and/or mammography according to their ages. Serum samples were stored at -80 °C and analysed via ELISA. Results: Median age of the patients was 53 (range: 57-86) while it was 47 (range: 23-74) in the healthy group. Patients had lower high-density lipoprotein levels (p=0.002) and higher neutrophil counts (p=0.014). Fetuin-A and RANKL levels did not differ between the groups (p=0.116 and p=0.439, respectively) but RANKL leves were found to be lower in the favorable histological subtypes (p=0.04). Conclusions: In this study, we found no correlation between serum fetuin-A levels and clinical findings in patients diagnosed with early stage BC. However, RANKL levels are found to be lower in subgroups with favorable histopathologic subtypes such as tubular, papillary and mucinous BC and there was statistically significant difference.
En los albores de la escultura ibérica. Notas sobre las facies antiguas (fines del s. VI – mediados del V a.C.) en la provincia de Albacete
Authors: García-López Arturo
Published: October 2022

En este trabajo se presentan todas las esculturas prerromanas fechadas en época ibérica antigua (fines del s. VI a.C. – mediados del s. V a.C.) documentadas en la provincia de Albacete. El objetivo de esta recopilación es valorar desde una óptica productiva todos los trabajos implicados en su tallado. Esto es, desde la extracción de la piedra hasta su empleo en una estructura arquitectónica. Mediante este análisis consideramos posible inferir relaciones sociales de producción, en definitiva, el contenido social implícito a estas, asignatura pendiente de estas manifestaciones. Este estudio ha permitido reconocer distintos trabajos determinados de este ciclo productivo, posibilitando la inferencia de áreas de actividad y contenido social implícito a estas. Sirva este trabajo para exponer la problemática latente en el estudio de esta materialidad y como un primer paso hacia el avance de la investigación de la cuestión productiva.
THE ELECTRIFICATION PROCESS OF THE ALMADÉN MERCURY MINES
Authors: JURADO MERCHÁN RAQUEL MARIA , TEJERO  MANZANARES JOSE , HIDALGO FERNANDEZ RAFAEL
Published: October 2022

At the beginning of the 20th century, the Almadén mercury mines were administered by the Ministry of Finance. The mines were in such a deplorable situation that they did not yield the expected economic returns for the country, so much so that their lease or even their sale came to be considered. Finally, the form of administration was changed and the so-called Administrative Council of the Almadén Mines was put in charge. As a necessary and urgent measure to undertake the required reforms of the mines that would lead to their modernization and, consequently, a greater economic yield, the need to provide the mines with electricity supply was considered.
This process of electrification and modernization of the Almadén mines, which was intended to be undertaken within a few months, was delayed for several years, among other reasons, because it was a particularly convulsive period in terms of workers' conflicts, as well as coinciding with the period just after the end of the First World War, with the supply problems that this entailed.
This article discusses the different options that were considered to provide electrical power for the mining facility and sets out the solutions that were finally adopted. This was an arduous process, as attested to by the numerous historical documents consulted, the large number of estimates considered and the correspondence with various suppliers of electrical equipment.
Keywords: history of technology, Almadén mines, electrification of industrial facilities, industrial modernization.
Precise measurement of attosecond dynamics of NO molecular shape resonance
Authors: Xu Yi-Dan , Jiang Wen-Yu , Tong Ji-Hong , Han Lu-Lu , Zuo Zi-Tan , Xu Li-Ming , Gong Xiao-Chun , Wu Jian ,   State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 201100, China,   School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 201100, China
Published: October 2022

Shape resonance is an important and ubiquitous phenomenon in the process of molecular scattering and photoionization. The study of the attosecond photoemission time delay in the vicinity of the shape resonance is of great significance for understanding its intrinsic origin on a nature time scale of electron motion. In this paper, an advanced attosecond coincidence interferometer consisting of a near-infrared femtosecond light source and an extreme ultraviolet attosecond pulse train is used to study the shape resonance process of the 4σ electron of nitric oxide molecules via reconstructing attosecond harmonic beating by measuring the interference of two-photon transitions (RABBIT). The energy dependent effective ionization time delay in the vicinity of the resonance energy region is reported. By comparing the relationship between the two-photon transition delay and the one-photon transition delay, it is found that the Wigner delay of the single-photon process is the main reason for the two-photon transition delay changing with energy. The effect of continuum-continuum delay is further explored. Theoretical calculations of the initial state (bound state) and final state (resonance state) electron wave function orbits of the resonance show that the shape resonance assisted time delay is dominated by the electrons trapped in the centrifugal potential barrier.
Cellular
Authors: Garcia-Swartz Daniel D. , Campbell-Kelly Martin
Published: October 2022

Tracks the evolution of the international cellular industry from the late 1970s to the present.

The development of the mobile-phone industry into what we know today required remarkable cooperation between companies, governments, and industrial sectors. Companies developing cellular infrastructure, cellular devices, cellular network services, and eventually software and mobile semiconductors had to cooperate, not simply compete, with each other. In this global history of the mobile-phone industry, Daniel D. Garcia-Swartz and Martin Campbell-Kelly examine its development in the United States, Europe, Japan, and several emerging economies, including China and India. They present the evolution of mobile phones from the perspective of vendors of telephone equipment and network operators, users whose lives have been transformed by mobile phones, and governments that have fostered specific mobile-phone standards. Cellular covers the technical aspects of the cellphone, as well as its social and political impact.

Beginning with the 1980s, the authors trace the development of closed (proprietary) and open (available to all) cellular standards, the impact of network effects as cellular adoption increased, major technological changes affecting mobile phone hardware, and the role of national governments in shaping the industry. The authors also consider the changing roles that cellular phones have played in the everyday lives of people around the world and the implications 5G technology may have for the future. Finally, they offer statistics on how quickly the cellular industry grew in different regions of the world and how firms competed in those various markets.
A phenotype-based forward genetic screen identifies Dnajb6 as a sick sinus syndrome gene
Authors: Ding Yonghe , Lang Di , Yan Jianhua , Bu Haisong , Li Hongsong , Jiao Kunli , Yang Jingchun , Ni Haibo , Morotti Stefano , Le Tai , Clark Karl J , Port Jenna , Ekker Stephen C , Cao Hung , Zhang Yuji , Wang Jun , Grandi Eleonora , Li Zhiqiang , Shi Yongyong , Li Yigang , Glukhov Alexey V , Xu Xiaolei
Published: October 2022

Previously we showed the generation of a protein trap library made with the gene-break transposon (GBT) in zebrafish (Danio rerio) that could be used to facilitate novel functional genome annotation towards understanding molecular underpinnings of human diseases (Ichino et al, 2020). Here, we report a significant application of this library for discovering essential genes for heart rhythm disorders such as sick sinus syndrome (SSS). SSS is a group of heart rhythm disorders caused by malfunction of the sinus node, the heart’s primary pacemaker. Partially owing to its aging-associated phenotypic manifestation and low expressivity, molecular mechanisms of SSS remain difficult to decipher. From 609 GBT lines screened, we generated a collection of 35 zebrafish insertional cardiac (ZIC) mutants in which each mutant traps a gene with cardiac expression. We further employed electrocardiographic measurements to screen these 35 ZIC lines and identified three GBT mutants with SSS-like phenotypes. More detailed functional studies on one of the arrhythmogenic mutants, GBT411, in both zebrafish and mouse models unveiled Dnajb6 as a novel SSS causative gene with a unique expression pattern within the subpopulation of sinus node pacemaker cells that partially overlaps with the expression of hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide gated channel 4 (HCN4), supporting heterogeneity of the cardiac pacemaker cells.
How should COVID-19 vaccines be distributed between the Global North and South: a discrete choice experiment in six European countries
Authors: Steinert Janina I , Sternberg Henrike , Veltri Giuseppe A , Büthe Tim
Published: October 2022

Background:

The global distribution of COVID-19 vaccinations remains highly unequal. We examine public preferences in six European countries regarding the allocation of COVID-19 vaccines between the Global South and Global North.

Methods:

We conducted online discrete choice experiments with adult participants in France (n=766), Germany (n=1964), Italy (n=767), Poland (n=670), Spain (n=925), and Sweden (n=938). Respondents were asked to decide which one of two candidates should receive the vaccine first. The candidates varied on four attributes: age, mortality risk, employment, and living in a low- or high-income country. We analysed the relevance of each attribute in allocation decisions using conditional logit regressions.

Results:

In all six countries, respondents prioritised candidates with a high mortality and infection risk, irrespective of whether the candidate lived in the respondent’s own country. All else equal, respondents in Italy, France, Spain, and Sweden gave priority to a candidate from a low-income country, whereas German respondents were significantly more likely to choose the candidate from their own country. Female, younger, and more educated respondents were more favourable to an equitable vaccine distribution.

Conclusions:

Given these preferences for global solidarity, European governments should promote vaccine transfers to poorer world regions.

Funding:

Funding was provided by the European Union’s Horizon H2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement 101016233 (PERISCOPE).
Arguments for the biological and predictive relevance of the proportional recovery rule
Authors: Goldsmith Jeff , Kitago Tomoko , Garcia de la Garza Angel , Kundert Robinson , Luft Andreas , Stinear Cathy , Byblow Winston D , Kwakkel Gert , Krakauer John W
Published: October 2022

The proportional recovery rule (PRR) posits that most stroke survivors can expect to reduce a fixed proportion of their motor impairment. As a statistical model, the PRR explicitly relates change scores to baseline values – an approach that arises in many scientific domains but has the potential to introduce artifacts and flawed conclusions. We describe approaches that can assess associations between baseline and changes from baseline while avoiding artifacts due either to mathematical coupling or to regression to the mean. We also describe methods that can compare different biological models of recovery. Across several real datasets in stroke recovery, we find evidence for non-artifactual associations between baseline and change, and support for the PRR compared to alternative models. We also introduce a statistical perspective that can be used to assess future models. We conclude that the PRR remains a biologically relevant model of stroke recovery.
Ectopic expression of HIV-1 Tat modifies gene expression in cultured B cells: implications for the development of B-cell lymphomas in HIV-1-infected patients
Authors: Valyaeva Anna A. , Tikhomirova Maria A. , Potashnikova Daria M. , Bogomazova Alexandra N. , Snigiryova Galina P. , Penin Aleksey A. , Logacheva Maria D. , Arifulin Eugene A. , Shmakova Anna A. , Germini Diego , Kachalova Anastasia I. , Saidova Aleena A. , Zharikova Anastasia A. , Musinova Yana R. , Mironov Andrey A. , Vassetzky Yegor S. , Sheval Eugene V.
Published: October 2022

An increased frequency of B-cell lymphomas is observed in human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1)-infected patients, although HIV-1 does not infect B cells. Development of B-cell lymphomas may be potentially due to the action of the HIV-1 Tat protein, which is actively released from HIV-1-infected cells, on uninfected B cells. The exact mechanism of Tat-induced B-cell lymphomagenesis has not yet been precisely identified. Here, we ectopically expressed either Tat or its TatC22G mutant devoid of transactivation activity in the RPMI 8866 lymphoblastoid B cell line and performed a genome-wide analysis of host gene expression. Stable expression of both Tat and TatC22G led to substantial modifications of the host transcriptome, including pronounced changes in antiviral response and cell cycle pathways. We did not find any strong action of Tat on cell proliferation, but during prolonged culturing, Tat-expressing cells were displaced by non-expressing cells, indicating that Tat expression slightly inhibited cell growth. We also found an increased frequency of chromosome aberrations in cells expressing Tat. Thus, Tat can modify gene expression in cultured B cells, leading to subtle modifications in cellular growth and chromosome instability, which could promote lymphomagenesis over time.
The complete organellar genomes of the entheogenic plant Psychotria viridis (Rubiaceae), a main component of the ayahuasca brew
Authors: Varani Alessandro M. , Silva Saura R. , Lopes Simone , Barbosa Jose Beethoven Figueiredo , Oliveira Danilo , Corrêa Maria Alice , Moraes Ana Paula , Miranda Vitor F.O. , Prosdocimi Francisco
Published: October 2022

Psychotria viridis (Rubioideae: Rubiaceae), popularly known as chacrona, is commonly found as a shrub in the Amazon region and is well-known to produce psychoactive compounds, such as the N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT). Together with the liana Banisteropsis caapi, P. viridis is one of the main components of the Amerindian traditional, entheogenic beverage known as ayahuasca. In this work, we assembled and annotated the organellar genomes (ptDNA and mtDNA), presenting the first genomics resources for this species. The P. viridis ptDNA exhibits 154,106 bp, encoding all known ptDNA gene repertoire found in angiosperms. The Psychotria genus is a complex paraphyletic group, and according to phylogenomic analyses, P. viridis is nested in the Psychotrieae clade. Comparative ptDNA analyses indicate that most Rubiaceae plastomes present conserved ptDNA structures, often showing slight differences at the junction sites of the major four regions (LSC-IR-SSC). For the mitochondrion, assembly graph-based analysis supports a complex mtDNA organization, presenting at least two alternative and circular mitogenomes structures exhibiting two main repeats spanning 24 kb and 749 bp that may symmetrically isomerize the mitogenome into variable arrangements and isoforms. The circular mtDNA sequences (615,370 and 570,344 bp) encode almost all plant mitochondrial genes (except for the ccmC, rps7, rps10, rps14, rps19, rpl2 and rpl16 that appears as pseudogenes, and the absent genes sdh3, rps2, rsp4, rsp8, rps11, rpl6, and rpl10), showing slight variations related to exclusive regions, ptDNA integration, and relics of previous events of LTR-RT integration. The detection of two mitogenomes haplotypes is evidence of heteroplasmy as observed by the complex organization of the mitochondrial genome using graph-based analysis. Taken together, these results elicit the primary insights into the genome biology and evolutionary history of Psychotria viridis and may be used to aid strategies for conservation of this sacred, entheogenic species.
IQGAP3 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma contributes to drug resistance and genome stability
Authors: Li Wen , Wang Zhifeng , Wang Hanlin , Zhang Jian , Wang Xiaobin , Xing Shaojun , Chen Si
Published: October 2022

Background

Clear cell renal clear cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is resistant to most chemotherapeutic drugs and the molecular mechanisms have not been fully revealed. Genomic instability and the abnormal activation of bypass DNA repair pathway is the potential cause of tumor resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. IQ-motif GTPase activating protein 3 (IQGAP3) regulates cell migration and intercellular adhesion. This study aims to analysis the effects of IQGAP3 expression on cell survival, genome stability and clinical prognosis in ccRCC.

Methods

Multiple bioinformatics analysis based on TCGA database and IHC analysis on clinical specimens were included. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot (WB) were used to determine protein expression level. MTT assay and 3D spheroid cell growth assay were used to assess cell proliferation and drug resistance in RNAi transfected ccRCC cells. Cell invasion capacity was evaluated by transwell assay. The influence of IQGAP3 on genome instability was revealed by micronuclei number and γ H2AX recruitment test.

Results

The highly expressed IQGAP3 in multiple subtypes of renal cell carcinoma has a clear prognostic value. Deletion of IQGAP3 inhibits cell growth in 3D Matrigel. IQGAP3 depletion lso increases accumulated DNA damage, and improves cell sensitivity to ionizing radiation and chemotherapeutic drugs. Therefore, targeting DNA damage repair function of IQGAP3 in tumorigenesis can provide ideas for the development of new targets for early diagnosis.
Effect of Different Inoculum Level of Meloidogyne incognita on Chlorophyll Content of Pigeon Pea, Cajanus cajan (L.)
Authors: Sahu Anukiran , Behera Sujit Kumar , Nayak Dhirendra Kumar
Published: October 2022

A pot culture experiment was conducted during Kharif season in the year 2021- 2022 at Green polyhouse, Department of Nematology, College of Agriculture, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha in order to study effect of different inoculum level of M. incognita on chlorophyll content of pigeon pea. The experiment was laid out in Completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments i.e T1 (500 J2/plant), T2(1000J2 / Plant), T3(1500J2/plant), T4(2000J2/plant), T5(Control)and 4 varieties were UPAS-120(R), IPA-15-1 (MR), IPA 14-7(S), CO-6(HS). To find out the effect of increase in inoculum level of nematode on chlorophyll content of pigeon pea leaves showed that highest reduction in chlorophyll in treatment T4 then T3, T2 and then T1 over control T5. The results have demonstrated that nematode infestation leads to highest decreased by 41.75% total chlorophyll content (a+b) in UPAS -120(R)) in the leaves and highest decrease found in case of high inoculum level inoculation of nematodes in the pigeon pea plant.
Mathematical Modelling of Plant-Pathogen-Herbivore Interaction Incorporating Allee Effect and Harvesting
Authors: Barasa Isaac K. , Apima Samuel B. , Wanjara Amos O.
Published: October 2022

Plant-pathogen-herbivore model describe interaction between plants, pathogens and herbivores. Plants are invaded by pathogens and herbivores while the herbivores are harvested by natural enemies such as predators and human. On the other hand, the abundance of food does not guarantee exponential growth of species who reproduce sexually and plants governed by carrying capacity. Therefore, the Allee effect may be crucial for sustaining such species. In this paper, a model of plant-pathogen-herbivore interactions that takes Allee effect and harvesting into account was developed and analyzed. The stability analysis showed that the ratio intrinsic growth rate to the environmental carrying capacity of susceptible plants must be greater than certain threshold value to raise sufficient plant biomass to sustain other species. Numerical simulations shows that all species coexist when intrinsic growth rate of plants is greater than the harvesting rate and when conversion rate of what is eaten by herbivores to newborn ones is greater than that of their natural enemies. It also shows that in the absence of susceptible plants, herbivores migrates in search of food, while others deteriorate and dies out. Furthermore, regardless of the availability of susceptible plants, the herbivores population crashes to extinction if the herbivore population is less than the lower limit required to keep the herbivores existing in the ecosystem.

In the interest of conservation of all species and the environment, policy developers will greatly benefit from understanding the solutions to address clearing land for human settlement, human activities and herbivore or their natural enemies hunting. In addition, monitor species closely, especially those that reproduce sexually by establishing and maintaining the least number required to keep the species existing.
Comparative Safety of the BNT162b2 Messenger RNA COVID-19 Vaccine vs Other Approved Vaccines in Children Younger Than 5 Years
Authors: Toepfner Nicole , von Meißner Wolfgang C. G. , Strumann Christoph , Drinka Denisa , Stuppe David , Jorczyk Maximilian , Moor Jeanne , Püschel Johannes , Liss Melanie , von Poblotzki Emilie , Berner Reinhard , Moor Matthias B. , Chao Cho-Ming
Published: October 2022

Importance

SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are authorized for use in most age groups. The safety of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines is unknown in children younger than 5 years.

Objective

To retrospectively evaluate the safety of the BNT162b2 vaccine used off-label in children younger than 5 years compared with the safety of non–SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in the same sample.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This investigator-initiated retrospective cohort study included parents or caregivers who registered children for SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in outpatient care facilities in Germany. The study was performed as an authenticated online survey. A total of 19 000 email addresses were contacted from vaccination registration databases between April 14 and May 9, 2022. Inclusion criteria were child age younger than 5 years at the first BNT162b2 vaccination and use of a correct authentication code to prove invitation.

Exposures

Off-label BNT162b2 vaccination and on-label non–SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Reported short-term safety data of 1 to 3 doses of 3 to 10 μg BNT162b2 in children from birth to younger than 60 months are presented. Coprimary outcomes were the frequencies of 11 categories of symptoms after vaccination with bivariate analyses and regression models adjusting for age, sex, weight, and height.

Results

The study included 7806 children (median age, 3 years [IQR, 2-4 years]; 3824 [49.0%] female) who were followed up of for a mean (SD) of 91.4 (38.8) days since first BNT162b2 vaccination (survey response rate, 41.1%). A 10-μg dosage was more frequently associated with local injection-site symptoms compared with lower dosages. In the active-comparator analysis, the probability of any symptoms (odds ratio [OR], 1.62; 95% CI, 1.43-1.84), local symptoms (OR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.38-2.05), musculoskeletal symptoms (OR, 2.55; 95% CI, 1.32-4.94), dermatologic symptoms (OR, 2.18; 95% CI, 10.7-4.45), or otolaryngologic symptoms (OR, 6.37; 95% CI, 1.50-27.09) were modestly elevated after BNT162b2 compared with non–SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, whereas the probabilities of general symptoms (OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.63-0.95) and fever (OR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.32-0.55) were lower after BNT162b2. Symptoms requiring hospitalization (n = 10) were reported only at BNT162b2 dosages above 3 μg.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study, the symptoms reported after BNT162b2 administration were comparable overall to those for on-label non–SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in this cohort of children younger than 5 years. The present data may be used together with prospective licensure studies of BNT162b2 efficacy and safety and could help guide expert recommendations about BNT162b2 vaccinations in this age group.
Prevalence of Positive Rapid Antigen Tests After 7-Day Isolation Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection in College Athletes During Omicron Variant Predominance
Authors: Tsao Jessica , Kussman Andrea , Segovia Nicole A. , Abrams Geoffrey D. , Boehm Alexandria B. , Hwang Calvin E.
Published: October 2022

Importance

The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention shortened the recommended isolation period for SARS-CoV-2 infection from 10 days to 5 days in December 2021. It is unknown whether an individual with the infection may still have a positive result to a rapid antigen test and potentially be contagious at the end of this shortened isolation period.

Objective

To estimate the proportion of individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection whose rapid antigen test is still positive starting 7 days postdiagnosis.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This case series analyzed student athletes at a National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I university campus who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 between January 3 and May 6, 2022. Individuals underwent rapid antigen testing starting 7 days postdiagnosis to determine whether they could end their isolation period.

Exposures

Rapid antigen testing 7 days after testing positive for SARS-CoV-2.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Rapid antigen test results, symptom status, and SARS-CoV-2 variant identification via campus wastewater analysis.

Results

A total of 264 student athletes (140 [53%] female; mean [SD] age, 20.1 [1.2] years; range, 18-25 years) representing 268 infections (177 [66%] symptomatic, 91 [34%] asymptomatic) were included in the study. Of the 248 infections in individuals who did a day 7 test, 67 (27%; 95% CI, 21%-33%) tests were still positive. Patients with symptomatic infections were significantly more likely to test positive on day 7 vs those who were asymptomatic (35%; 95% CI, 28%-43% vs 11%; 95% CI, 5%-18%; P < .001). Patients with the BA.2 variant were also significantly more likely to test positive on day 7 compared with those with the BA.1 variant (40%; 95% CI, 29%-51% vs 21%; 95% CI, 15%-27%; P = .007).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this case series, rapid antigen tests remained positive in 27% of the individuals after 7 days of isolation, suggesting that the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention–recommended 5-day isolation period may be insufficient in preventing ongoing spread of disease. Further studies are needed to determine whether these findings are present in a more heterogeneous population and in subsequent variants.
Computational modeling of redox enzymes
Authors: Siegbahn Per E. M.
Published: October 2022

A computational methodology is briefly described, which appears to be able to accurately describe the mechanisms of redox active enzymes. The method is built on hybrid density functional theory where the inclusion of a fraction of exact exchange is critical. Two examples of where the methodology has been applied are described. The first example is the mechanism for water oxidation in photosystem II, and the second one is the mechanism for N2 activation by nitrogenase. The mechanism for PSII has obtained very strong support from subsequent experiments. For nitrogenase, the calculations suggest that there should be an activation process prior to catalysis, which is still strongly debated.
Simultaneously Stabilizing Both Electrodes and Electrolytes by a Self‐Separating Organometallics Interface for High‐Performance Zinc‐Ion Batteries at Wide Temperatures
Authors: Zhao Ming , Lv Yanqun , Zhao Shunshun , Xiao Ying , Niu Jin , Yang Qi , Qiu Jieshan , Wang Feng , Chen Shimou
Published: October 2022

Rechargeable aqueous zinc‐ion batteries are of great potential as one of the next‐generation energy‐storage devices due to their low cost and high safety. However, the development of long‐term stable electrodes and electrolytes still suffers from great challenges. Herein, a self‐separation strategy is developed for an interface layer design to optimize both electrodes and electrolytes simultaneously. Specifically, the coating with an organometallics (sodium tricyanomethanide) evolves into an electrically responsive shield layer composed of nitrogen, carbon‐enriched polymer network, and sodium ions, which not only modulates the zinc‐ion migration pathways to inhibit interface side reactions but also adsorbs onto Zn perturbations to induce planar zinc deposition. Additionally, the separated ions from the coating can diffuse to the electrolyte to affect the Zn2+ solvation structure and maintain the cathode structural stability by forming a stable cathode–electrolyte interface and sodium ions’ equilibrium, confirmed by in situ spectroscopy and electrochemical analysis. Due to these unique advantages, the symmetric zinc batteries exhibit an extralong cycling lifespan of 3000 h and rate performance at 20 mA cm−2 at wide temperatures. The efficiency of the self‐separation strategy is further demonstrated in practical full batteries with an ultralong lifespan over 10 000 cycles from −35 to 60 °C.
Spider‐Silk‐Inspired Nanocomposite Polymers for Durable Daytime Radiative Cooling
Authors: Yao Pengcheng , Chen Zipeng , Liu Tianji , Liao Xiangbiao , Yang Zhengwei , Li Jinlei , Jiang Yi , Xu Ning , Li Wei , Zhu Bin , Zhu Jia
Published: October 2022

Passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) materials, that strongly reflect sunlight and emit thermal radiation to outer space, demonstrate great potential in energy‐saving for sustainable development. Particularly, polymer‐based PDRC materials, with advantages of easy‐processing, low cost, and outstanding cooling performance, have attracted intense attention. However, just like other polymer devices (for example polymer solar cells) working under sunlight, the issue of durability related to mechanical and UV properties needs to be addressed for large‐scale practical applications. Here, a spider‐silk‐inspired design of nanocomposite polymers with potassium titanate (K2Ti6O13) nanofiber dopants is proposed for enhancing the durability without compromising their cooling performance. The formed tough interface of nanofiber/polymer effectively disperses stress, enhancing the mechanical properties of the polymer matrix; while the K2Ti6O13 can absorb high‐energy UV photons and transform them into less harmful heat, thereby improving the UV stabilities. Taking poly(ethylene oxide) radiative cooler as an example for demonstration, its Young's modulus and UV resistance increase by 7 and 12 times, respectively. Consequently, the solar reflectance of nanocomposite poly(ethylene oxide) is maintained as constant in a continuous aging test for 720 h under outdoor sunlight. The work provides a general strategy to simultaneously enhance both the mechanical stability and the UV durability of polymer‐based PDRC materials toward large‐scale applications.