bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Immunochemical methods for identification of prey in freshwater zooplankton
Authors: Berges John A. , Gronquist David J. , Engevold Paul G. , Thorngate‐Rein Nathaniel , Sandgren Craig D. , Bowen Kelly L. , Currie Warren J. S.
Published: June 2020

Large, predatory, non‐indigenous species such as the cladoceran, Bythotrephes longimanus, can have a profound effect on aquatic food webs, but determining the prey consumed by such species is problematic because they shred prey externally and consume only soft body tissues. We assessed the usefulness of an immunochemical approach, in which putative zooplankton prey were homogenized and polyclonal antibodies against total proteins were raised in rabbits and purified against predator proteins. Using either dot‐blot or enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay‐plate formats, assays easily detected prey proteins in single B. longimanus. Issues encountered included some degree of cross‐reaction with predator proteins and among prey species for some antisera and questions concerning determination of a correct blank value for assays, however, there are feasible approaches to resolving these issues. Immunochemical assays were readily applied in to a total of 185 individual B. longimanus in the Lake Michigan pelagic ecosystem in summer of 2008 and 2009 and indicated ingestion of cladoceran and copepod species, typically described in the literature, but also dreissenid veliger larvae and the large copepod Limnocalanus macrurus, not usually considered prey for Bythotrephes. Assays results showed some degree of correlation with numerical abundances of zooplankton prey in the water column, suggesting generalist feeding. Protein immunochemical assays offer a quick, sensitive and practical approach to examining planktonic food‐web questions that are compatible with, but have certain advantages over, alternatives such as nucleic acid techniques.
Color research in marketing: Theoretical and technical considerations for conducting rigorous and impactful color research
Authors: Labrecque Lauren I.
Published: June 2020

Since the beginning of the 21st century, there has been a surge in interest in color research (and in sensory marketing in general). In addition to discussing emerging color research contained in this special issue, this article also provides a discussion of theoretical frameworks for understanding color and provides technical guidelines for creating color stimuli. These guidelines include a discussion of the three dimensions of color (hue, saturation, and value) and provide researchers with guidance for controlling these dimensions when creating color stimuli. Additionally, this article discusses additive (red, green, blue) versus subtractive (cyan, magenta, yellow, and key) color models, gamut, and other considerations, such as screening participants for colorblindness, that future researchers may find useful for conducting rigorous color research.
Clinical and molecular characterization of 12 prenatal cases of Cri‐du‐chat syndrome
Authors: Peng Ying , Pang Jialun , Hu Jiancheng , Jia Zhengjun , Xi Hui , Ma Na , Yang Shuting , Liu Jing , Huang Xiaoliang , Tang Chengyuan , Wang Hua
Published: June 2020

Background

This study aimed to define the molecular basis for 12 prenatal cases of Cri‐du‐chat syndrome (CdCS) and the potential genotyping‐phenotyping association.

Methods

Karyotyping and single nucleotide polymorphism array analyses for copy number variants were performed.

Results

Nine cases had 5p terminal deletions and three had 5p interstitial deletions, and these cases had variable deletion sizes with partial overlapping. Phenotypically, besides intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and brain as well as heart abnormalities, hypospadias, and lung dysplasia were observed. Potential genetic causes for specific phenotypes in these cases were identified.

Conclusion

This study defined the molecular bases for the patients of CdCS, which is important for genetic counseling for these families. The findings of present study expand the clinical features of CdCS in the fetal period, and provided important information for further refining the genotypic–phenotypic correlations for this syndrome.
Mental health groups unite on addressing social injustice, civil unrest
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: June 2020

As nationwide protests continue to be underway over racial inequality following the death last month of 46‐year‐old George Floyd while in police custody in Minneapolis, mental health organizations are releasing statements and policies condemning police brutality and racism. Many are calling attention to the collective trauma blacks have endured due to racial discrimination and bias.
International commentary addresses reducing suicide risk
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: June 2020

Although there are suggestions that suicide rates will rise as a result of the COVID‐19 pandemic, it is not inevitable. However, universal interventions are needed to mitigate the risk, suggests an international group of suicide prevention researchers. Their commentary is published in the June issue of Lancet Psychiatry.
Associations Between Body Weight, Hippocampal Volume, and Tissue Signal Intensity in 12‐ to 18‐Year‐Olds
Authors: Mestre Zoe , Bischoff-Grethe Amanda , Wierenga Christina E. , Jernigan Terry , Eichen Dawn M. , Chang Linda , Ernst Thomas , Boutelle Kerri N.
Published: June 2020

Objective

The hippocampus is a key structure in feeding behaviors and weight regulation. Obesity may lead to disruptions in hippocampal structure. In animals, obesity‐related factors (e.g., high‐fat/sugar foods) are associated with hippocampal insult (e.g., alterations in the blood brain barrier). In humans, individuals with obesity, relative to healthy weight, have smaller hippocampal volumes. Few studies have examined the association between body weight and the hippocampus during adolescence, a critical brain development period. This study examined hippocampal volume and tissue signal intensity in adolescents across the weight spectrum.

Methods

Structural magnetic resonance imaging and anthropomorphic data were available for 102 12‐ to 18‐year‐old adolescents (53% female; 15.07 [SD 1.84] years; standardized BMI [BMIz] scores using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth charts: 0.54 [SD 1.17]) from the Pediatric Imaging, Neurocognition, and Genetics database. Linear regression models controlling for age, sex, genetic ancestry, scanner, and household income examined the relationship between BMIz, hippocampal volume, and T2‐weighted hippocampal signal intensity.

Results

BMIz was negatively associated with T2‐weighted hippocampal signal intensity in the left (t = −3.05; P = 0.003; r = −0.21) and right (t = −2.50; P = 0.01; r = −0.36) hippocampi. BMIz was not significantly associated with hippocampal volume.

Conclusions

BMIz is associated with hippocampal tissue characteristics during adolescence, which could impact later brain development.
Inter‐temporal and spatial variation in credit access to Indian unorganized women entrepreneurs
Authors: Maurya Prateeksha , Mohanty Pratap C.
Published: June 2020

This study investigates the inter‐temporal and spatial variation in credit access to women entrepreneurs in the unorganized sector using two latest rounds of nationally representative datasets on unorganized enterprises in India. The study applies a cross‐sectional distributional check to identify the variations. Probit model with reference category and average marginal effects is used to determine the predictors of access to formal credit (FC). A robustness test has been performed using a pooled probit method. Results are discussed in line with relevant literature as well as empirical findings. The analysis confirms the existence of regional disparities in credit access to women enterprises. Factors like engagement in diversified activities and maintenance of accounting records being registered with relevant authorities have an important bearing on the probabilities to access FC. It is alarming to observe the marginal improvement over 5 years in the credit share of women‐owned unorganized enterprises. Policy shortcomings are discussed on the basis of inferential statistics.
Effect of reinforcement architecture on the macroscopic mechanical properties of fiberous polymer composites: A review
Authors: Ahmad Furkan , Yuvaraj N , Bajpai Pramendra K.
Published: June 2020

In order to curb the fuel consumption and corresponding CO2 emission, defence, automobile, and aerospace industries are leaning towards the use of light weight‐high stiffness engineered materials like fiber reinforced polymer composites (FRPCs). One of the major advantages of FRPCs is that various properties (stiffness, tensile strength, flexural strength, etc.) can be tailored according to requirements of the application. Architecture of the reinforcement used in FRPCs has been proved to affect these properties substantially. Composite materials have seen a lot of advancement in the field of reinforcement architectures starting from the plain‐woven fabrics to advanced 3D braided/woven preforms. The architecture of reinforcement must be wisely selected to design the required properties of developed composites and to reduce the overall cost without compromising the performance. The problem addressed in the present study is the selection of reinforcement architecture while developing a composite material. 2D Plain woven reinforcements are better than other reinforcements in terms of in‐plane properties but their out‐of‐plane properties are very poor. Therefore, advanced architectures like 3D woven fabrics, 5D Braided preforms, knitted preforms, and 3D needle punched fibers are being used in various high performance applications. The present article is an attempt to analyse the effect of various available architectures of reinforcement on the macroscopic mechanical properties of FRPC laminates and to propose a systematic way to select a reinforcement.
On the clinical psychologist's role in the time of COVID‐19, with particular reference to experience gained in pediatric oncology
Authors: Clerici Carlo Alfredo , Massimino Maura , Ferrari Andrea
Published: June 2020

Objective

The COVID‐19 pandemic seems to be developing into a planetary‐scale mental health experiment, undermining the foundations of our being human, obliging us to keep physically apart from one another, and inducing us to see other people as a potential threat.

Methods

In the world of pediatric oncology, we have found ourselves up against new challenges. In this article, we discuss the difficulties found in conducting psychological support sessions while complying with physical distancing rules, as well as wearing protective face masks, and even gloves; or while using modern remote communication telecommunications.

Results

The classic reasons behind requests for psychological support have been compounded by other, novel problems, such as: fewer relational resources for families at home, less chance to socialize, hospital stays with only one parent, the suspension of all teaching and group activities on the ward, economic difficulties caused by the pandemic, the rising levels of family conflictuality and generalized anxiety.

Conclusions

It is essential to find new solutions that can be promptly implemented, reconfiguring the way we humanize our hospital wards.
Uniform Mesoporous CoCO3 Nanospindles on Graphite Nanosheets for Highly Efficient Lithium Storage
Authors: Su Liwei , Zhao Yizhe , Li Zhemin , Hei Jinpei , Chen Huan , Wang Lianbang , Wang Yuanhao , Ren Manman
Published: June 2020

As anodes for lithium‐ion batteries, CoCO3 has a much higher specific capacity than graphite and can meet the urgent demands of electric vehicles and portable electronics. However, reported CoCO3 anodes are of micrometer‐sized morphology (0.4–10 µm) that severely limits long‐term and rate performances (in particular >2.0 A g−1) due to intrinsically low conductivity and high volume expansion. Mesoporous materials have uniform open mesopores to offer sufficient solid/electrolyte contact, rapid Li+ transport, and large pore volume. However, it is still challenging to prepare uniform mesoporous CoCO3 nanostructures. This work reports a urea–NH4HCO3–ethylene glycol (EG) solvothermal system to fabricate uniform mesoporous CoCO3 nanospindles and concurrently composite with multilayered graphite nanosheets. The obtained mesoporous CoCO3 has a specific surface area of 143.7 m2 g−1, 12.4 times that of commercial CoCO3. The preparation mechanism is studied in‐depth, where urea, NH4HCO3, EG, and crystal water play essential and respective roles. The synergistic effect of the mesopore and graphite nanosheets facilitates long‐term cycling stability (1465 mAh g−1 after 450 cycles at 200 mA g−1 with 101.1% capacity retention) and high‐rate performance (1033 mAh g−1 at 2.0 A g−1). The essential roles of mesopores and graphite nanosheets in boosting the kinetic change are investigated.
Use of pleural cryobiopsy for tissue culture specimens: a case report
Authors: Ishii Satoru , Suzuki Manabu , Arai Hirokazu , Takasaki Jin , Hojo Masayuki , Sugiyama Haruhito
Published: June 2020

A 43‐year‐old man presented with cough. His chest X‐ray showed a left‐sided pleural effusion. We suspected tuberculous pleurisy (TP), and thoracoscopy under local anaesthesia was performed. It showed entire pleura with scattered nodules. Nodules were biopsied by conventional biopsy forceps, but the tissue sample was small. Therefore, the nodules were biopsied with a cryoprobe. The tissue size obtained was 2 mm by conventional biopsy forceps, and 6 mm at 5 sec by cryobiopsy. Histological analysis of the conventional biopsy forceps and cryobiopsy specimen showed inflammation with lymphocytes and caseating granulomas. Tissue culture of conventional biopsy forceps was positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and all sensitivity tests were positive. But, the tissue culture of the cryobiopsy sample was negative. There is a possibility that cryobiopsy is not useful for tissue culture for TP.
Carbonation study and determination of cement to sand ratio in hardened cement mortar by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy
Authors: Singh Siddharth , Dalbehera Mickey Mecon , Rawat Anujay , Sharma Pratibha
Published: June 2020

The determination of cement and sand content in an aged cement mortar is a challenging problem for civil engineers. Techniques like x‐ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) are well established, which can give some insight of the hydrated products. The present study is an attempt to use x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) technique for the evaluation of ordinary Portland cement (OPC), sand (aggregate) composition and carbonation study in hardened cement mortar. Carbonation analysis and cement to sand ratio for all mortar compositions has been determined and studied in detail in the present work. The C 1s spectra of cement mortar with ratios 1:1, 1:3 and 1:6 shows carbonate formation on the surface with 21, 40 and 32 atomic percent, respectively. An increase in SiO2 content corresponding to sand is observed for all three mortar mix. The formation of silica gel due to carbonation has not been observed in the mortar samples. The cement to sand ratio for all three mortar mixes is found to be in 20–30 percent error limit due to the heterogeneous nature of the mortar system.
Nachträgliches klebtechnisches Fügen von Haltern auf bereits beschichtete Stahloberflächen
Authors: Momber Andreas , Fröck Linda , Marquardt Tom
Published: June 2020

Es werden erstmalig geklebte ungealterte und gealterte Fügeverbindungen für Halter zur nachträglichen Montage von Anbauteilen an bereits beschichteten Stählen untersucht. Die untersuchten Fügeverbindungen auf Polyurethan‐, Polysiloxan‐ und Epoxidoberflächen weisen auch nach beschleunigter Alterung (Salzsprühnebel, zyklische Temperaturwechsel, hohe relative Luftfeuchte) eine hohe mechanische Beständigkeit auf. Die für eine Lastannahme von 50 kg vorgegebenen Zug‐ und Zugscherfestigkeiten werden in allen Fällen mit einem Faktor > 10 erreicht. Alle Versagensspannungen liegen unterhalb der Haftzugfestigkeit der Beschichtungssysteme zum Stahlsubstrat. Der Torsionswiderstand der Klebeverbindung überschreitet das geforderte Anzugsmoment des Gewindebolzens. Es wird eine zyklische Belastungsgrenze von > 9 ⋅ 106 Lastwechseln ermittelt. Der Einfluss der zyklischen Alterung auf das Kriechverhalten ist insignifikant. Die Fügeverbindungen erfüllen die Anforderungen an einen Sicherheitsfaktor für die Auslegung für maritime Anwendungen.
Structure‐Functions Relationship of Modified Starches for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications
Authors: Labelle Marc‐André , Ispas‐Szabo Pompilia , Mateescu Mircea Alexandru
Published: June 2020

Modified starch is widely used in pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences. Various modifications such as functionalization, reorganization of the structure, or depolymerization may be used to tune ionicity, hydrophilicity, mucoadhesion, susceptibility to amylolysis by α‐amylase, or porosity. These chemical, physical, or enzymatic modifications modulate and adapt the properties of starches to different usages as tablet excipients, drug carriers, transdermal patches, injectables, wound dressing materials, transient embolizants, scaffolds, and stents. Through an understanding of the starch structure, this Review aims to aid the design of new starch materials for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. The correlation between structure and properties is analyzed and various phenomena are discussed from this perspective, with particular eye toward the envisaged functionality of new starch‐based materials.
Cover Image, Volume 12, Issue 4
Authors: Keirouz Antonios , Chung Michael , Kwon Jaehoon , Fortunato Giuseppino , Radacsi Norbert
Published: June 2020

The cover image is based on the Advanced Review 2D and 3D electrospinning technologies for the fabrication of nanofibrous scaffolds for skin tissue engineering: A review, by Antonios Keirouz, Michael Chung, Jaehoon Kwon, Giuseppino Fortunato and Norbert Radacsi. https://doi.org/10.1002/wnan.1626.

image
Erhöhtes Risiko für tiefe Beinvenenthrombosen bei Intensivpatienten mit CoViD-19-Infektion? – Erste Daten
Authors: Zerwes Sebastian , Hernandez Cancino F. , Liebetrau D. , Gosslau Y. , Warm T. , Märkl B. , Hyhlik-Dürr A.
Published: June 2020

Hintergrund

Die Inzidenz tiefer Beinvenenthrombosen (TVT) bei intensivpflichtigen CoViD-19-Patienten wurde bisher nur in wenigen Studien untersucht. Prospektive vergleichende Studien mit Non-CoViD-19-Intensivpatienten fehlen gänzlich.

Fragestellung

Die Inzidenz TVT bei an CoViD-19 erkrankten Intensivpatienten verglichen mit Non-CoViD-19-Patienten, die im selben Zeitraum auf den Intensivstationen des Universitätsklinikums Augsburg behandelt wurden, wurden erhoben. Zudem soll untersucht werden, welche Art der Antikoagulation zum Zeitpunkt des Auftretens der TVT bei CoViD-19-Patienten vorlag und inwiefern eine TVT bei diesem Patientengut mit einer erhöhten Letalität vergesellschaftet ist.

Material und Methoden

In der prospektiven Single-Center Studie wurden im Zeitraum vom 18.04.2020 bis 30.04.2020 20 SARS-CoV2-positive Patienten mit 20 Non-CoViD-Patienten auf Intensivstation bezüglich des Auftretens tiefer Beinvenenthrombosen verglichen. Hierzu wurden demographische Daten, Laborparameter und klinische Verläufe erfasst und ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse

Die Rate an TVT war im untersuchten Kollektiv bei Patienten mit SARS-CoV2 deutlich erhöht (CoViD-19-Patienten: 20 % vs. Non-CoViD-19-Patienten: 5 %). Sowohl das Vorliegen einer TVT sowie deutlich erhöhte D‑Dimer-Werte waren in der vorliegenden Studie mit erhöhter Letalität vergesellschaftet.

Diskussion

Wir empfehlen bei der stationären Aufnahme von Patienten mit SARS-CoV2-Verdacht oder Nachweis die Bestimmung der D‑Dimere und im Falle erhöhter Werte die großzügige Indikationsstellung zur Kompressionssonographie der tiefen Beinvenen. So können TVT früh erkannt und eine therapeutische Antikoagulation begonnen werden. Alle stationären CoViD-19-Patienten sollten eine Thromboseprophylaxe mit NMH erhalten. Weitere Studien zu Point-of-care-Methoden (TEG®, ROTEM®) zur Erkennung einer Hyperkoagulabilität bei SARS-CoV2 sind notwendig.
The medial ligaments and the ACL restrain anteromedial laxity of the knee
Authors: Ball S. , Stephen J. M. , El-Daou H. , Williams A. , Amis Andrew A.
Published: June 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to determine the contribution of each of the ACL and medial ligament structures in resisting anteromedial rotatory instability (AMRI) loads applied in vitro.

Methods

Twelve knees were tested using a robotic system. It imposed loads simulating clinical laxity tests at 0° to 90° flexion: ±90 N anterior–posterior force, ±8 Nm varus–valgus moment, and ±5 Nm internal–external rotation, and the tibial displacements were measured in the intact knee. The ACL and individual medial structures—retinaculum, superficial and deep medial collateral ligament (sMCL and dMCL), and posteromedial capsule with oblique ligament (POL + PMC)—were sectioned sequentially. The tibial displacements were reapplied after each cut and the reduced loads required allowed the contribution of each structure to be calculated.

Results

For anterior translation, the ACL was the primary restraint, resisting 63–77% of the drawer force across 0° to 90°, the sMCL contributing 4–7%. For posterior translation, the POL + PMC contributed 10% of the restraint in extension; other structures were not significant. For valgus load, the sMCL was the primary restraint (40–54%) across 0° to 90°, the dMCL 12%, and POL + PMC 16% in extension. For external rotation, the dMCL resisted 23–13% across 0° to 90°, the sMCL 13–22%, and the ACL 6–9%.

Conclusion

The dMCL is the largest medial restraint to tibial external rotation in extension. Therefore, following a combined ACL + MCL injury, AMRI may persist if there is inadequate healing of both the sMCL and dMCL, and MCL deficiency increases the risk of ACL graft failure.
$$d\mathbb {Z}$$-Cluster tilting subcategories of singularity categories
Authors: Kvamme Sondre
Published: June 2020

For an exact category $${{\mathcal {E}}}$$
E
with enough projectives and with a $$d\mathbb {Z}$$

d
Z

-cluster tilting subcategory, we show that the singularity category of $${{\mathcal {E}}}$$
E
admits a $$d\mathbb {Z}$$

d
Z

-cluster tilting subcategory. To do this we introduce cluster tilting subcategories of left triangulated categories, and we show that there is a correspondence between cluster tilting subcategories of $${{\mathcal {E}}}$$
E
and $${\underline{{{\mathcal {E}}}}}$$

E
̲

. We also deduce that the Gorenstein projectives of $${{\mathcal {E}}}$$
E
admit a $$d\mathbb {Z}$$

d
Z

-cluster tilting subcategory under some assumptions. Finally, we compute the $$d\mathbb {Z}$$

d
Z

-cluster tilting subcategory of the singularity category for a finite-dimensional algebra which is not Iwanaga–Gorenstein.
Flavin-dependent N-hydroxylating enzymes: distribution and application
Authors: Mügge Carolin , Heine Thomas , Baraibar Alvaro Gomez , van Berkel Willem J. H. , Paul Caroline E. , Tischler Dirk
Published: June 2020

Amino groups derived from naturally abundant amino acids or (di)amines can be used as “shuttles” in nature for oxygen transfer to provide intermediates or products comprising N-O functional groups such as N-hydroxy, oxazine, isoxazolidine, nitro, nitrone, oxime, C-, S-, or N-nitroso, and azoxy units. To this end, molecular oxygen is activated by flavin, heme, or metal cofactor-containing enzymes and transferred to initially obtain N-hydroxy compounds, which can be further functionalized. In this review, we focus on flavin-dependent N-hydroxylating enzymes, which play a major role in the production of secondary metabolites, such as siderophores or antimicrobial agents. Flavoprotein monooxygenases of higher organisms (among others, in humans) can interact with nitrogen-bearing secondary metabolites or are relevant with respect to detoxification metabolism and are thus of importance to understand potential medical applications. Many enzymes that catalyze N-hydroxylation reactions have specific substrate scopes and others are rather relaxed. The subsequent conversion towards various N-O or N-N comprising molecules is also described. Overall, flavin-dependent N-hydroxylating enzymes can accept amines, diamines, amino acids, amino sugars, and amino aromatic compounds and thus provide access to versatile families of compounds containing the N-O motif. Natural roles as well as synthetic applications are highlighted.

Key points• N-O and N-N comprising natural and (semi)synthetic products are highlighted.• Flavin-based NMOs with respect to mechanism, structure, and phylogeny are reviewed.• Applications in natural product formation and synthetic approaches are provided.
Low‐cost Fluorescein as an Alternative to Radio‐colloid for Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy—a Prospective Validation Study in Early Breast Cancer
Authors: Valiveru Ramya C. , Agarwal Gaurav , Agrawal Vinita , Gambhir Sanjay , Mayilvaganan Sabaretnam , Chand Gyan , Mishra Anjali , Agarwal Amit , Mishra Saroj K.
Published: June 2020

Background

Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) using radio‐pharmaceutical (RP) and a blue dye is gold standard for axillary staging in clinically node‐negative early breast cancer. High costs and limited availability of RP and/or gamma probe are major deterrents in performing SLNB in developing countries. Fluorescence‐guided SLNB can obviate the need for RP and gamma probe. Fluorescein is an inexpensive fluorescent lymphatic tracer. In this study, we compared SLN identification rate (SLN‐IR) and false negative rates (FNR) of fluorescein‐guided SLNB and radio‐guided SLNB using 99mTc‐Sulfur‐colloid, in isolation, or in combination with methylene blue dye (MBD).

Methods

Sixty‐five cN0 early and large operable breast cancer patients underwent validation SLNB using fluorescein (and blue LED light), 99mTc‐Sulfur‐colloid (and gamma probe) and MBD. Inj Fluorescein 4% was injected, 1 ml each peri‐tumoral and sub‐areolar five minutes before axillary incision. Axillary dissection was performed irrespective of SLNB histology. The SLN‐IR and FNR with various tracers and their combinations were compared.

Results

The mean number of SLNs identified was 3.5 ± 1.8 (range 1–6). The SLN‐IR using RP alone was 94%, fluorescein alone was 92%, and MBD alone was 82%. The SLN‐IR using fluorescein plus MBD combination was 95.4%, compared to 97% using MBD plus RP combination. FNR was 6.3% using fluorescein plus MBD, as well as RP plus MBD combinations.

Conclusions

SLN‐IR of > 90% and SLN‐FNR of < 10% using fluorescein plus MBD combination are in acceptable range, and are comparable to that of RP plus MBD combination. Fluorescein can replace RP for performing SLNB, in combination with MBD.
Resektion einer submakulären Traktionsmembran bei ausgeprägter Visusminderung
Authors: Rüger A. , Eichhorst A. , Wienrich R. , Siebolts U. , Fiorentzis M.
Published: June 2020

Eine 89-jährige Patientin stellte sich mit akuter Visusminderung am linken Auge vor. Bei der Fundoskopie zeigten sich große Zellen im Glaskörperraum. Es wurde eine Therapie bei Verdacht auf ein intraokuläres Lymphom begonnen. Bei der Pars-plana-Vitrektomie bei einer Ablatio retinae fand sich kein Anhalt für einen lymphoproliferativen Prozess im histologischen Präparat der Retinektomie nach Resektion einer subretinalen Traktionsmembran. Die Diagnose einer durchgebrochenen chorioidalen Neovaskularisation (CNV) mit subretinaler Membranbildung („peripheral exsudative hemorrhagic chorioretinopathy“ [PEHCR]) wurde gestellt. Es zeigte sich kein Anhalt für Malignität. Die Resektion einer subretinalen Traktionsmembran kann eine Herausforderung für den vitreoretinalen Chirurgen darstellen, bietet aber die Möglichkeit einer Visusbesserung.
Quadriceps tendon vs. patellar tendon autograft for ACL reconstruction using a hardware-free press-fit fixation technique: comparable stability, function and return-to-sport level but less donor site morbidity in athletes after 10 years
Authors: Barié Alexander , Sprinckstub Thomas , Huber Jürgen , Jaber Ayham
Published: June 2020

Introduction

The use of quadriceps tendon–patellar bone (QTB) autograft for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is gaining momentum. Yet, long-term results that compare this procedure with established methods are lacking. The aim of this study was to report and compare long-term results of ACL reconstruction using QTB autografts versus bone–patellar tendon–bone (BPTB) autografts, both anchored using a hardware-free press-fit fixation technique.

Materials and methods

60 athletes (Tegner score ≥6) with primary ACL rupture were prospectively randomized into two groups. 56 patients were evaluated after a mean duration of 12.2 ± 1.9 months (range 10–14) and 43 patients after 10.3 ± 0.2 years (range 10–11).

Results

On final follow-up, 90% of patients scored very good and good results in the functional Lysholm score (mean 99 ± 7.1, range 74–100 points). Normal or almost normal IKDC score was reported by 84% of the patients (mean 97 ± 9.5, range 60–100 points). The activity level decreased in the Tegner score from median of 7 before injury to 6 after 10 years. The KT-1000 arthrometer showed a difference in the anterior translation of less than 3 mm (mean 1.0 ± 1.2, range − 1 to 5 mm) in 91% of the patients. Significant degeneration was radiologically detected in one patient per group. No tunnel widening was seen in any patient. Up to 97% of all patients were satisfied with the operative procedure. No significant differences were found in the mentioned parameters between the two groups and also in comparison with the 1-year results. The only significant difference was in the donor site morbidity. Significantly more patients in the BPTB group had complaints during kneeling both at 1 (p < 0.001) and 10 years (p = 0.019). Squatting was also subjectively more problematic in the BPTB group than in the QTB group both after 1 (p = 0.003) and 10 years (p = 0.046).

Conclusions

This study shows equally good functional, clinical and radiological long-term results for both hardware-free methods of ACL reconstruction. These results clinically confirm the safety of press-fit anchoring after 10 years. The failure rate in this study was very low, with only one re-rupture in 10 years. The increased donor site morbidity when using the BPTB autograft compared to the QTB autograft supports already reported data. It was also seen in this study for the implant-free press-fit techniques.

Study design

Prospective and randomized, level of evidence 2.
Skeletal muscle index is an independent predictor of early recurrence in non-obese colon cancer patients
Authors: Schaffler-Schaden Dagmar , Mittermair Christof , Birsak Theresa , Weiss Michael , Hell Tobias , Schaffler Gottfried , Weiss Helmut
Published: June 2020

Purpose

Progressive loss (sarcopenia) and fatty infiltration of muscle mass (myosteatosis) are well-established risk factors for an adverse clinical outcome in obese patients. Data concerning non-obese sarcopenic patients in oncologic surgery are scarce and heterogeneous. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of sarcopenia and myosteatosis in non-obese patients with cancer of the right colon on clinical outcome.

Methods

This study comprised 85 patients with a BMI < 30 kg/m2, who underwent surgery for right colon cancer in a single center. Skeletal muscle area (SMA), visceral fat area (VFA), and myosteatosis were retrospectively assessed using preoperative abdominal CT images. Univariate und multivariate analysis was performed to evaluate the association between body composition, complications, and oncologic follow-up.

Results

Traditional risk factors such as visceral fat (p = 0.8653), BMI (p = 0.8033), myosteatosis (p = 0.7705), and sarcopenia (p = 0.3359) failed to show any impact on postoperative complications or early recurrence. In our cohort, the skeletal muscle index (SMI) was the only significant predictor for early cancer recurrence (p = 0.0467).

Conclusion

SMI is a significant prognostic factor for early cancer recurrence in non-obese colon cancer patients. Our study shows that conventional thresholds for sarcopenia and BMI do not seem to be reliable across various cohorts. Target prehabilitation programs could be useful to improve outcome after colorectal surgery.

Trial Registration

DRKS00014655, www.apps.who.int/trialsearch
Spatial and developmental synthesis of endogenous sesquiterpene lactones supports function in growth regulation of sunflower
Authors: Spring Otmar , Schmauder Katharina , Lackus Nathalie D. , Schreiner Jasmin , Meier Carolin , Wellhausen Jan , Smith Lisa V. , Frey Maximilian
Published: June 2020

Main conclusion

Tissue-specific occurrence and formation of endogenous sesquiterpene lactones has been assessed and suggests physiological function as antagonists of auxin-induced plant growth in sunflower.

Sunflower, Helianthus annuus, accumulate high concentrations of bioactive sesquiterpene lactones (STL) in glandular trichomes, but in addition, structurally different STL occur in only trace amounts in the inner tissues. The spatial and temporal production of these endogenous STL during early phases of plant development is widely unknown and their physiological function as putative natural growth regulators is yet speculative. By means of HPLC and MS analysis it was shown that costunolide, dehydrocostuslactone, 8-epixanthatin and tomentosin are already present in dry seeds and can be extracted in low amounts from cotyledons, hypocotyls and roots of seedlings during the first days after germination. Semi-quantitative and RT-qPCR experiments with genes of the key enzymes of two independent routes of the endogenous STL biosynthesis confirmed the early and individual expression in these organs and revealed a gradual down regulation during the first 72–96 h after germination. Light irradiation of the plants led to a fast, but transient increase of STL in parts of the hypocotyl which correlated with growth retardation of the stem. One-sided external application of costunolide on hypocotyls conferred reduced growth of the treated side, thus resulting in the curving of the stem towards the side of the application. This indicates the inhibiting effects of STL on plant growth. The putative function of endogenous STL in sunflower as antagonists of auxin in growth processes is discussed.
Efficient 1-Space Bounded Hypercube Packing Algorithm
Authors: Grzegorek Paulina , Januszewski Janusz , Zielonka Łukasz
Published: June 2020

A space bounded $$ O(d/\log d)$$

O
(
d
/
log
d
)

-competitive hypercube packing algorithm with one active bin only is presented. As a starting point we give a simple 1-space bounded hypercube packing algorithm with competitive ratio $$ (3/2)^{d}+O((21/16)^d)$$

(
3
/
2
)

d

+
O

(

(
21
/
16
)

d

)

, for $$d\ge 3.$$

d
≥
3
.
The UEFA Champions League seeding is not strategy-proof since the 2015/16 season
Authors: Csató László
Published: June 2020

Fairness has several interpretations in sports, one of them being that the rules should guarantee incentive compatibility, namely, a team cannot be worse off due to better results in any feasible scenario. The current seeding regime of the most prestigious annual European club football tournament, the UEFA (Union of European Football Associations) Champions League, is shown to violate this requirement since the 2015/16 season. In particular, if the titleholder qualifies for the first pot by being a champion in a high-ranked league, its slot is given to a team from a lower-ranked association, which can harm a top club from the domestic championship of the titleholder. However, filling all vacancies through the national leagues excludes the presence of perverse incentives. UEFA is encouraged to introduce this policy from the 2021-24 cycle onwards.
LGBQ+ Self-Acceptance and Its Relationship with Minority Stressors and Mental Health: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Camp Jake , Vitoratou Silia , Rimes Katharine A.
Published: June 2020

Many individuals who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, queer, and with other non-heterosexual orientations (LGBQ+) experience stigma, prejudice, and/or discrimination because of their sexuality. According to minority stress and identity development theories, these experiences can contribute to difficulties with self-acceptance of sexuality. Lower self-acceptance is considered a risk factor for adverse mental health outcomes. The current review aims to investigate whether self-acceptance of sexuality is associated with minority stressors or difficulties with mental health in LGBQ+ individuals, as well as whether there are differences in self-acceptance between different sexual orientations. Five bibliographic databases were searched. Thirteen studies were identified which used quantitative methodology to investigate associations between self-acceptance, minority stressors, and/or mental health within LGBQ+ samples, or differences in self-acceptance between different sexual orientations. The results from these cross-sectional studies suggested that lower self-acceptance of sexuality was associated with higher levels of self-reported minority stressors, including a lack of acceptance from friends and family, a lack of disclosure to others, and internalized heterosexism. Lower self-acceptance of sexuality was associated with poorer mental health outcomes, including greater global distress, depression symptoms, and lower psychological well-being. There was no significant relationship with suicidality. Studies also found that LGBQ+ individuals had lower general self-acceptance compared to heterosexual participants, bisexual individuals had lower sexuality self-acceptance compared to lesbian/gay individuals, and lesbian women had lower sexuality self-acceptance compared to gay men. Given the potential importance of self-acceptance for LGBQ+ populations, further research is required with more robust methodology. Self-acceptance could be a potential target in clinical interventions for LGBQ+ individuals.
Earth Observations for Monitoring Marine Coastal Hazards and Their Drivers
Authors: Melet A. , Teatini P. , Le Cozannet G. , Jamet C. , Conversi A. , Benveniste J. , Almar R.
Published: June 2020

Coastal zones have large social, economic and environmental values. They are more densely populated than the hinterland and concentrate large economic assets, critical infrastructures and human activities such as tourism, fisheries, navigation. Furthermore, coastal oceans are home to a wealth of living marine resources and very productive ecosystems. Yet, coastal zones are exposed to various natural and anthropogenic hazards. To reduce the risks associated with marine hazards, sustained coastal zone monitoring programs, forecasting and early warning systems are increasingly needed. Earth observations (EO), and in particular satellite remote sensing, provide invaluable information: satellite-borne sensors allow an effective monitoring of the quasi-global ocean, with synoptic views of large areas, good spatial and temporal resolution, and sustained time-series covering several years to decades. However, satellite observations do not always meet the precision required by users, in particular in dynamic coastal zones, characterized by shorter-scale variability. A variety of sensors are used to directly monitor the coastal zone and their observations can also be integrated into numerical models to provide a full 4D monitoring of the ocean and forecasts. Here, we review how EO, and more particularly satellite observations, can monitor coastal hazards and their drivers. These include coastal flooding, shoreline changes, maritime security, marine pollution, water quality, and marine ecology shifts on the one hand, and several physical characteristics (bathymetry, topography, vertical land motion) of coastal zones, meteorological and oceanic (metocean) variables that can act as forcing factors for coastal hazards on the other hand.
Simplified activity cliff network representations with high interpretability and immediate access to SAR information
Authors: Hu Huabin , Bajorath Jürgen
Published: June 2020

Activity cliffs (ACs) consist of structurally similar compounds with a large difference in potency against their target. Accordingly, ACs introduce discontinuity in structure-activity relationships (SARs) and are a prime source of SAR information. In compound data sets, the vast majority of ACs are formed by differently sized groups of structurally similar compounds with large potency variations. As a consequence, many of these compounds participate in multiple ACs. This coordinated formation of ACs increases their SAR information content compared to ACs considered as individual compound pairs, but complicates AC analysis. In network representations, coordinated ACs give rise to clusters of varying size and topology, which can be interactively and computationally analyzed. While AC networks are indispensable tools to study coordinated ACs, they become difficult to navigate and interpret in the presence of clusters of increasing size and complex topologies. Herein, we introduce reduced network representations that transform AC networks into an easily interpretable format from which SAR information in the form of R-group tables can be readily obtained. The simplified network variant greatly improves the interpretability of large and complex AC networks and substantially supports SAR exploration.
A transformation of human operation approach to inform system design for automation
Authors: Micheler Simon , Goh Yee Mey , Lohse Niels
Published: June 2020

Design of automation system relies on experts’ knowledge and experience accumulated from past solutions. In designing novel solutions, however, it is difficult to apply past knowledge and achieve design right-first-time, therefore wasting valuable resources and time. SADT/IDEF0 models are commonly used by automation experts to model manufacturing systems based on the manual process. However, function generalisation without benchmarking is difficult for experts particularly for complex and highly skilled-based tasks. This paper proposes a functional task abstraction approach to support automation design specification based on human factor attributes. A semi-automated clustering approach is developed to identify key functions from an observed manual process. The proposed approach is tested on five different automation case studies. The results indicate the proposed method reduces inconsistency in task abstraction when compared to the current approach that relies on the experts, which are further validated against the solutions generated by automation experts.
The potential of biocarbon as CO2 adsorbent in VPSA unit
Authors: Majchrzak-Kucęba Izabela , Sołtysik Marcelina
Published: June 2020

The best solution to the main environmental problem seems to be CO2 capture to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The activated carbons derived from biomass have attracted extensive attention as solid adsorbent for carbon dioxide capture process. In this work, we focus on examining the properties of biochar (non-activated porous carbon) produced from biomass. Physicochemical properties of the biochar were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TG), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and N2 adsorption–desorption at 77 K. In order to evaluate the possibility of using biocarbons for CO2 adsorption in large-scale VPSA units, investigations of these adsorbents in laboratory are necessary. The paper present the potential of biochar for CO2 capture in VPSA unit. The examination of the CO2 sorptive capability, stability and regeneration performance of biochar was carried out using a Mettler-Toledo TGA/SDTA 851e thermobalance and TG-Vacuum system. The sorption of CO2 was carried out isothermally in a flow of a mixture of gasses: CO2 (100 vol.%) and CO2 (16 vol.%)/N2 (84 vol.%). The commercial biochar showed a sorption performance for CO2 up to 26.4 mg CO2 g−1 adsorbent at 30 °C and 30 bar. Repeated use of the adsorbent in the sorption/desorption cycle did not affect its performance, which indicates high sorption stability.
Do changes in the residential location lead to changes in travel attitudes? A structural equation modeling approach
Authors: De Vos Jonas , Cheng Long , Witlox Frank
Published: June 2020

Numerous studies have found that travel attitudes might not only affect travel behavior, but also the residential location choice as people might choose a residential location based on their travel preferences and needs (i.e. transport-related residential self-selection). However, it might also be possible that the residential location and travel behavior influence attitudes towards travel. In this study—using quasi-longitudinal data—we analyze how a change in the residential environment affects attitudes towards specific modes, both directly and indirectly through changes in mode frequency (of commute and leisure trips). Using a structural equation modeling approach on 1650 recently relocated residents in the city of Ghent, Belgium, this study indicates that moving to a more urban type of neighborhood improves attitudes towards public transport and active travel. Especially for leisure trips the effects from changes in the built environment on attitudes are partly indirect through changes in mode frequency. This study offers new insights into the links between the built environment, travel behavior and attitudes. We provide further evidence that the built environment influences travel attitudes, but also indicate that these effects are partly mediated by travel mode frequency.
So Close and Yet So Far: The Distant Heritage of the Historical Urban Landscapes of Residential Districts of Tartu, Estonia
Authors: Kallast Kadri
Published: June 2020

The urban landscapes of residential areas outside of historic city centres have been increasingly recognized as cultural heritage and as potentially powerful source of meaning for local identities. In Estonia, many municipalities have established milieu protection areas, among them the town of Tartu which has currently ten areas, mainly comprising residential areas developed in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. The authorised heritage discourse proceeds from the historical values in these areas, yet in its dialogue with the public, be it via the comprehensive plan or in discussions about single projects, it focuses on setting restrictive conditions to construction and renovation, instead of properly communicating the historical values. The neighborhood societies’ input to the comprehensive plan indicates a lack of sufficient links between the historical urban landscapes and the inhabitants’ lives, often leading to the local heritage to be distant for them which in turn tends to lead to maltreatment of the historical substance. Promoting community identity formation with a narrative approach would favor these links to develop, favoring the inhabitants of these historical urban landscapes to continue the life and stories of the heritage.