bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Weed control in chickpea (Cicer arietinum) under late sown condition
Authors: R.V. SINGH  , A.K. SHARMA  , R.K.S. TOMAR
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the winter season of 1993 94 to 1995 96 at Pulse Research Station, R.A.K. College of Agriculture, Sehore, Madhya Pradesh, to study the effect of weed management practices on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under late sown condition. Two hand weedings at 30 and 45 days after sowing (DAS) (weed free) completely controlled the weeds. Significantly lowest weed dry matter and highest weed control effi ciency were observed when 1 hand weeding was done at 45 DAS. This treatment was followed by integration of 1 hand weeding at 45 DAS with pre emergence application of pendimethalin 0.75 kg/ha in reducing weed dry matter and in increasing the weed control efficiency. Significantly higher grain yield (1,723 kg/ha) was recorded in weed free plots. Among the.weed control treatments, pendimethalin 0.75 kg/ha coupled with 1 hand weeding at 45 DAS recorded higher.grain yield (1576 kg/ha).
Dry matter accumulation in weeds and qualitative characters of sesame (Sesamum indicum) as influenced b y nitrogen levels and weed control measures
Authors: B.P. SINGH  , OM PRAKASH N P.K. SINGH D
Published: December 2023

A field investigation was carried out during the rainy (kharif) season of 1995 and 1996 at Agra, under rainfed conditions, to find out optimum level of nitrogen and effective weed control methods in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). Four levels of nitrogen (0, 30, 60 and 90 kglha) and 8 weed control treatments, viz. weedy check (W,), 1 hand weeding 21 DAS (W,), pre emergence application of oxyfluorfen Q 0.15 kglha (W,), W, 1 hand weeding, 21 DAS (W,), pre planting incorporation of fluchloralin Q 1.0 kglha (W,), W, 1 hand weeding 21 DAS (W,), pre emergence application of Alachlor Q 1.0 kglha (W,) and W, 1 hand weeding 21 DAS (W,), were replicated 4 times in split plot design. Among the weed control methods tested, dry weight of weeds was reduced and weed control efficiency increased due to the application of pre planting incorporation of fluchloralin Q 1.0 kglha 1 hand weeding. This combination promoted seed yield, protein and oil production on hectare basis in addition to higher seed index and iodine value of oil. Unchecked weed growth lowered seed yield by 31.5%. Increasing N lev els up to 60 kg Nlha increased the seed yield, protein and oil production, however, influence of N on the dry weight of weeds was not noted.
Effect of method of gap filling and gypsum application on yield and quality of sugarcane ratoon
Authors: G. KATHIRESAN  , M.L. MANOHARAN
Published: December 2023

The field experiment was conducted to study the effect of method of gap filling and gypsum application on cane and sugar yield of sugarcane ratoon on April May planted crop during 1998 2000 in sodic soils at Anbil Dharmalingam Agricultural College and Research Institute, Trichirappalli. The results envisaged that gap filling with sprouted seedlings of ratoon field had the highest mean cane and sugar yield of 99.3 and 13.0 tonneslha re spectively. Gypsum application in furrow has the mean cane and sugar yield of 99.7 and 12.9 tonneslha. Interac tion of the above treatments also resulted in high yield of cane and sugar yield in both years.
Effect of sowing dates and fertility levels on growth and fibre yield of jute (Corchorus species) varieties
Authors: S.R. PATEL  , D.S. rHAKUR
Published: December 2023

A field experiment with jute (Corchorus sp.) varieties was conducted during the rainy season of 1997 and 1998 at Raigarh, with 4 sowing dates and 2 fertility levels. Significantly higher values of growth, yield attributes and fibre yield were recorded with earlier sowing than delayed sowing. Maximum fibre yield of 2,412 kglha was obtained when the crop was sown on 10 June, which drastically decreased with delay in sowing on 20,30 June and 10 July (1,995, 1,492 and 1,240 kglha respectively). Tossa jute (Corchorus olitorius L.) variety JRO 524 (1,844 kglha) gave higher fibre yield than to white jute (C. capsularis L.) JRC 212 (1,726 kglha). The white jute JRC 212 gave higher fibre Zield when sown on 10 June with fertility level of 60 : 40 : 30 kg N : P,O,: K,O/ha, whereas the sowing of JRO 524 can be extended up to 20 June with fertility level of 60 : 45 : 45 kg N : P,O,: K20/ha.
Response of berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum) to nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer
Authors: J.R. PATEL  , S. RAJAGOPAL
Published: December 2023

An experiment was conducted at Veterinary College, Anjora (Durg), Chhattisgarh, to study the effect of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer on berseem during the winters of 1996 97 and 1997 98. An application of nitrogen en hanced the yield attributes, green as well as dry forage and seed yields of berseem (Trfolium alexandrinum L.) but the significant effect was noticed up to 30 kg Nlha. Similarly, these parameters were increased significanlty with each increment dose of P up to 90 kg P,O ha.
Root and oil yield of vetiver (Vetiveria as influenced by fertilizer zizanioides) management in an intercropping system
Authors: S.K. MAHESHWARI  , R.K. SHARMA
Published: December 2023

A field study was conducted in shallow black soils of medium fertility in Malwa region of Madhya Pradesh, dur ing the rainy season of 1994 95 and 1995 96, to evaluate the effect of different fertilizer management on root and oil.yield of vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides L.) in intercropping system with redgram or pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] and blackgram (Phaseolus mungo L.). lntercropping of vetiver with redgram proved better as redgram gave higher seed yield than intercropping of blackgram with vetiver. Fertilizer application Q 75 kg N 40 kg P,O ha to vetiver and 2 kglha of Rhizobium to the redgram resulted higher net profit of Rs 43,540lha besides benefrt : cost ratio of 2.29.
Response of direct seeded and transplanted pearlmillet (Pennisetum glaucum) to nitrogen, phosphorus and biofertilizers in intercropping system
Authors: S.S. RATHORE  , R.C. GAUTAM
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the rainy (kharif) seasons of 1999 and 2000, at New Delhi, to study nutrient management in pearlmillet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. emend. Stuntz.]. Hybrid Pusa 23 in sole and intercropping system with cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] Variety Pusa Komal under direct seeded and transplanted conditions. The crops were grown with varying levels of 1, P,O, along with biofertilizers (Azospirillum culture VAM). The treatments comprised 4 main plot treatments with 2 methods of planting pearlmillet with and without intercrop and 7 levels of fertilizers. The transplanting of pearlmillet was on a par with direct seeding. Al though the transplanted crop had lower grain weightlear and shorter ear length, it had more ears/m2 and greater 1,000 grain weight than direct seeded crop which led to similar yield under both the conditions. The grain yield of pearlmillet with application of 40 kg N 30 kg P20 ha along with biofertilizers was at par with recommended dose of 60 kg N 45 kg P205/ha indicating saving of 20 kg N and 15 kg P,OJha through biofertilizers. There was no ef fect of cowpea intercropped with pearlmillet in both the years.
Productivity potential and economic feasibility of sesame (Sesamum indicum) based intercropping system with different planting patterns on rainfed upland
Authors: R.K. SARKAR  , G.C. MALlK  , S. GOSWAMI r
Published: December 2023

Afield experiment was conducted during the rainy season of 2000 and 2001 to determine productivity and eco nomic feasibility of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) based intercropping system on Gangetic alluvial rainfed up land. All the intercropping systems registered significant and appreciable increase in total productivity in terms of sesame equivalent yield over sole sesame. Among different intercropping patterns of sesame with pulse and oil seed crops, paired row planted sesame (30160 cm) 1 row groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) resulted in maximum sesame equivalent yield (1,654 kglha), net return (Rs 9,414 kglha), land equivalent ratio (1.59), monetary advan tage (Rs 6,751 kg/ha), and indicated a modest aggressivity index (k0.29) owing to minimum competition between crops. This system, thus, proved most efficient and sustainable on rainfed upland ecosystem.
Influence of organic manures, nitrogen and potassium on nutrient uptake and nutrient use efficiency of white yam (Dioscorea rotundata) intercropped in coconut (Cocos nucifera) garden P G. SUJA1, v.M: NAlR , J. SREEKUMAR2
Authors: G. SUJAI  , V.M. NAIR  , J. SREEKUMAR
Published: December 2023

The influence of 3 organic manures (farmyard manure, coir pith compost and in situ green manuring using sunhemp) and 3 levels each of N and K (40, 80, 120 kglha) on nutrient uptake and nutrient use efficiency of white yam (Dioscorea rotundata) intercropped in coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) garden was studied during 1998 2000) at Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram. Application of coir pith compost resulted in significantly higher uptake of N and K. Higher rates of N and K favoured uptake of N, P and K by the crop. An intercrop of white yam in coconut garden fertilized with coirpith compost 5 tonneslha and N, P and K 80, 60 and 80 kglha respectively, yielding 24.61 tonneslha of fresh tuber equivalent and 7.36 tonneslha of dry matter removed 89.59, 10.10 and 92.99 kglha of N, P and K respectively. The agronomic efficiency of N and K fertilizers was promoted due to green manuring. En hanced supply of N or K reduced the efficiency of the respective nutrients, whereas addition of one nutrient at higher rates promoted the efficiency of the other nutrient.
Response of hybrid rice (Oryza sativa) to date of planting, spacing and seedling rate during wet season
Authors: B.C. NAYAK  , B.B. DALE  , B.K. CHOUDHLIRY
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted at Bhubaneshwar during wet season of 1999 and 2000, to find out the re sponse of hybrid rice Pro Agro 6201 to 3 dates of planting (1 6, 31 July and 16 August), 3 spacings (20 cm x 15 cm, 20 cm x 10 cm and 15 cm x 15 cm) and 2 seedling rates (1 and 2 seedlingslhill). Planting the crop on 16 July rzcorded the highest grain yield, which declined by 5.5 and 24.3% due to 15 and 30 days delay in planting respec tively. Yield did not vary significantly due to spacing during the first year. During the second year, planting the crop with a closer spacing of 20 cm x 10 cm yielded significantly more than that with wider spacing of 20 cm x 15 cm. Planting 2 seedlingslhill was beneficial with yield advantage oi 8.2% over 1 seedlinglhill.
Growth parameters, nutrient uptake and soil fertility under wheat (Triticum aestivum) as influenced by levels of phosphorus and phosphate solubilizing micro organisms
Authors: TEJPAL SlNGH  , R.K. RAI
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the winter season of 1998 99 and 1999 2000, to study the effect of phosphorus levels and phosphate solubilizing micro organisms on growth parameters, nutrient uptake and soil fer tility under wheat (Trticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori Paol.) crop. The treatments consisted of 4 levels of phospho rhs (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg P,O,/ha) and of phosphate solubilizing micro organisms (no inoculation, Pseudomonas striata, Aspergillus awamori and Pseudomonas striata Aspergillus awamori). The growth parameters like dry matter production, root dry weight yield and nitrogen and phosphorus uptake were significantly improved with ap plication of 60 kg P,O ha. Similarly, all these parameters were significantly increased owing to combined inocula tion with Pseudomonas striata Aspergillus awamori over individual and no inoculation. Nitrogen and phosphorus uptake of wheat crop increased significantly only up to 60 kg P,O ha. Though increasing levels of phosphorus (up to 90 kglha) left the soil rich significantly in respect of post harvest status of phosphorus. However, successive higher levels of phosphorus declined the available soil nitrogen status, though significant depletion was observed only up to 60 kg P,O,/ha. Inoculation with phosphate solubilizing micro organisms also reduced the post harvest status of available soil nitrogen and phosphorus pool. Highest deciine was observed due to combined inoculation with Pseudomonas striata Aspergillus awamori. Key words :Wheat, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Growth parameters
Influence of irrigation, nitrogen and zinc on productivity and water use by late sown wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Authors: A.M. KIBE  , SUBEDAR SlNGH
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted on deep sandy soil (Typic Ustochrept) at the Water Technology Centre, In dian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, during winter seasons of 1999 2000 and 2000 2001 with late sown HD 2285 wheat (Trticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori Paol.).The treatments comprising 4 irrigation levels [I,, no post sowing irrigation I,, 1 irrigation at crown root intiation (CRI) stage I , 2 irrigations, each at CRI and flower ing stages I, 4 irrigation each given at CRI, jointing, flowering and dough stages] in main plots and combinations of 3 N levels (0, 50 and 100 kg Nlha) and 2 zinc levels (0 and 5 kg Znlha) in subplots were laid out in split design, replicated 3 times, to find out the influence of irrigation, nitrogen, zinc and their interactions on yield and moisture use by the crop. Progressive increase in irrigations from 0 to 4 and N levels from 0 to 100 kg/ha, increased wheat yield attributes and grain yield significantly over the control rteatrnents (loand No). The average seasonal consump tive water use (CU) by wheat increased with every additional irrigation level to a maximum of 328.4 mm and 301.7 mm in the first and second season respectively. On an average (2 seasons), water use efficiency (WUE) was the highest (1 38 kg grain/m3) with I,. However, the straw yield (6,808.5 kglha) and grain yield (3,962.5 kg/ha) were highest with I , . The average moisture use rate increased with increase in irrigation to a maximum of 2.63 mmlday. Maximum moisture extraction of 59.4 to 65.8 % was from the 0 3 0 cm and the minimum (7.10 to 5.32%) from the 90 120 cm soil depth. The WUE increased markedly with the increase in N level.
Effect of weed control and sowing methods on production potential of wheat (lkiticum aestivum)
Authors: R.S. JAT  , V. NEPALIA  , R.L. JAT
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during winter seasons of 1999 2000 and 2000 2001 to find out effect of weed control and sowing methods on production potential of Lok 1 wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori Paol.). Twentyfour treatment combinations consisted of 8 weed control treatments and 3 methods of sowing. On pooled basis, the monocot and dicot weeds constituted 23.4 and 76.6% weed population respectively. Tank mix application of metsulfuron methyl and isoproturon (4 750 ha) recorded the lowest weed dry matter which was at par with other tank mix applications but statistically superior to individual applications. Among individual applica tions, isoproturon was found statistically superior in reducing weed dry matter. The weed control treatments re corded significantly higher yield attributes, yield, net returns and benefit : cost ratio compared to weedy check. Ap plication of metsulfuron methyl isoproturon (4 750 ha) recorded maximum values of all these parameters which were at par with other tank mix applications but found statistically superior to individual applications. Among individual applications, isoproturon recorded maximum value but found statistically equivalent to other individually applied herbicides. The maximum values of yield attributes, yield, net return and benefit : cost ratio were recorded in cross sowing (22.5 cm x 22.5 cm) compared to normal (22.5 cm) and close (1 8 cm) line sowing. Cross sowing methods also recorded lowest weed dry matter.
Bioefticacy of herbicides in late sown wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Authors: R.P. SINGH  , DHIMAN MUKHERJEE  , R.K. SINGH  , A.K SlNHA
Published: December 2023

A field study was conducted during winter (rab ) seasons of 2000 2002 at Varanasi, to study the bioefficacy of oryzalin (0.05, 0.75, 1.00,1.25 and 1.50 kglha), triasulfuron (0.01 5 and 0.020 kglha), pendimethalin (1.0 kglha) as pre emergence and dicamba (0.025 kglha) as post emergence in late sown wheat (Trticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori Paol.). All the herbicide treatments reduced the density and dry weight of narrow and broad leaved weeds significantly compared with weedy check. Pre emergence application of oryzalin at 1.25 kglha had minimum population and dry weight of weeds compared with other herbicides and their doses. Dicamba at 0.025 kglha was the most effective against broad leaved weeds compared with other herbicides. Triasulfuron at 0.020 kglha proved more effective than its lower dose (0.015 kglha) and controlled both narrow and broad leaved weeds. The maxi mum weed control efficiency (76.65%) and grain yield (27.48 qlha) were recorded with oryzalin at 1.25 kg/ha, fol lowed by pendimethalin at 1.0 kglha and triasulfuron at 0.020 kglha.
Response of summer groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) to irrigation regimes and mulching
Authors: B.S. RASKAR  , P.G. BHOl
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during summer seasons of 1999 2001 at Rahuri, Maharashtra, to find out appropriate irrigation schedule for summer groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) and to evaluate the effect of mulch on crop performance in broad bed furrow method. Twenty four treatment combinations, comprising 4 irrigation re gimes based on cumulative pan evaporation (CPE), viz. 75, 100, 125 and 150 mm CPE, and 6 mulching treatment, viz. sugarcane trash 5 tonneslha and plastic film mulch (7 micron) with and without kaoline 8% and the control. Among all the irrigation regimes, irrigation scheduled at 75 mm CPE to summer groundnut recorded significantly higher yield parameters, dry pod yield (34.08 qlha) and net returns (Rs 32,012lha) in broad bed furrow (60 30 cm x 6.67 cm) than 100, 125 and 150 mm CPE. Mulching of plastic film with kaoline spray (8%) was found effective and registered highest pod yield (34.70 qlha) over rest of treatments. The net returns obtained owing to mulching with plastic film and sugarcane trash with and without kaoline spray were almost identical. The benefit : cost ratio indicated that the use of sugarcane trash 5 tonneslha was found economically feasible agronomic practice for summer groundnut. The total consumptive use of water (738 mm) was higher with minimum water use efficiency (4.61 kgtha mm) when irrigation was scheduled at 75 mm CPE. The water use efficiency was higher with use of plastic film mulch with kaoline (6.69 kglha mm) and was lowest with the control (3.49 kglha mm). On an average, the evapotranspiration losses were reduced to the extent of 25.77, 14.63 and 4.56% due to application of plastic film, sugarcane trash and kaoline spray, respectively.
Effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on growth and yield of linseed (Linum usitatissimum) under mid hill conditions of Hirnachal Pradesh
Authors: D. BADIYALA  , S. KUMAR
Published: December 2023

The effect of farmyard manure (FYM) and chemical fertilizers on growth and yield of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) under mid hill conditions of Himachal Pradesh was studied during the winter (rab,) seasons of 1995 96, 1996 97 and 1997 98. Better growth, yield attributes as well as yield were recorded with application of FYM Q 5 tonneslha over no FYM. Recommended doses of chemical fertilizers (N,,P4,K,,) produced taller plants with more number of primary branches, capsules/plant, seeds/capsule and 1,000 seed weight compared to 50% and 75% of the recommended dose of NPK. Highest gross and net returns (Rslha) were also obtained with appli cation of the recommended dose of fertilizer, N,,P4, ,
Influence of organic manures alone or in combination with inorganic fertilizer on productivity of winter drilled fennel (Foeniculum vulgare)
Authors: B.S. PATEL  , A.U. AMIN  , K.P. PATEL  , M.M. PATEL
Published: December 2023

Effect of organic manures [castor cake, mustard cake and farmyard manure (FYM)] alone or in combination with inorganic fertilizers was studied during 1997 98 to 1999 2000 on yield, quality and economics of winter fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) at Main Spices Research Station, Jagudan. Maximum seed yield and its attributes were obtained when recommended fertilizer dose applied through inorganic fertilizer. Different organic manures (castor cake, mustard cake and FYM) were equally effective and gave significantly lower seed yield than that with inor ganic fertilizer. Application of different organic manures alone or mix with inorganic fertilizers significantly improved the oil content of fennel (1.56 to 1.64%). The highest net profit (Rslha 70,139) and benefit : cost ratio (4.13) were obtained when recommended dose of fertilizer applied in the form of chemical fertilizers. However, on the basis of premium price of organic product, recommended fertilizer dose applied through FYM alone recorded the maximum net realization 90,393 (Rslha) and benefit : cost ratio (1 : 5.14).
Productivity, profitability and sustainability of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) raised after different rainy season crops
Authors: A.K.TRIPATHI  , K.S. RATHI
Published: December 2023

A field investigation was carried out during 1994 96 at Kanpur, to judge the productivity, profitability and sustainability of lndian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj. Cosson] raised after different rainy season crops. , lndian mustard yield maximized in green manured plot with Sesbania (32.73 qlha). The seed yield of lndian mus tard decreased (25.86 qlha) under fodder pearl millet [Pennisettim glaucum (L.) R.Br. emend. Stuntzl Indian mus tard sequential cropping. Computation of economics revealed that maize (Zea mays L.) Indian mustard sequential cropping recorded the highest lndian mustard seed equivalent (42.79 qlha), more net return (Rs 22.57 thousand1 ha) with highest land use efficiency (61.92%). Blackgram (Phaseolus mungo L.) Indian mustard remained next in order.
Soil behaviour and growth and productivity of sugarcane ratoon as influenced by trash management and preceding intercrops
Authors: H.N. SHAH  , T.K. SRIVASTAVA  , RAMA KANT RAI  , ARCHNA SUMAN
Published: December 2023

A field experiment conducted during 1998 2000 at the Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow, re vealed that intercropping blackgram (Phaseolus mungo L.) though adversely affected the growth and yield of plant crop, it had no adverse effect on the productivity of subsequent ratoon compared to that after sole sugarcane. Trash management practices, however brought about significant effects on ratoon growth, soil and plant nutrient status, cane yield and the juice quality. Trash mulching just after ratoon initiation resulted in greater availability and uptake of nutrients and enhancement in soil microbial population over trash burning. Further, there was an appar , ent increase in relative growth rate, net assimilation rate, leaf area and dry matter partitioning to cane stalk with trash mulching. However, ratoon raised after trash burning suffered moisture stress during grand growth phase as indicated by drastic reduction in relative water content of leaves as well as cell membrane permeability and pal pable increase in proline and epicuticular wax content.
Influence of plant population and sett size on biomass accumulation and quality of white yam (Dioscorea rotundata) intercropped in coconut (Cocos nucifera) gardens
Authors: G. SUJA  , V.M. NAlR  , R. PUSHPAKUMARI
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during 1998 99 and 1999 2000 (May February) at College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram, to investigate the effects of plant population and sett size on biomass accumula tion and quality in white yam (Dioscorea rotundata Poir.) intercropped with coconut (Cocos nucifera L.). Heaviest sett (300 g) planted at the widest spacing (90 cm x 90 cm) promoted the canopy growth. Tuber dry biomass pro duction and total plant dry biomass production were highest in the closest spacing, 60 cm x 60 cm, that accommo dated 20,000 plantstha. Efficient allocation of photo assimilates for storage in tuber was favoured by the widest spacing, 90 cm x 90 cm, resulting in highest mean tuber weight and harvest index. Total biomass production, bio mass accumulation in tubers as well as its partitioning ratio to tubers were notably higher with 300 g setts. Wider spacing (90 cm x 90 cm) also produced better quality tubers by accumulating more starch in tubers, while sett size did not alter tuber quality.
Dry matter accumulation at pre and post anthesis and yielcl of wheat (Triticum aestivum) as affected by temperature stress and genotypes
Authors: VlPlN MISHRA  , R.D. MISRA  , MAHENDRA SlNGH  , R.S. VERMA
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was carried out during 2000 2001 and 2001 2002 to study the effect of sowing time and genotypes on biomass accumulation and yield in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori Paol.) at Pantnagar, Uttaranchal. Normal sown crop (22 November) accumulated significantly higher dry matter in different plant parts and yielded higher than late sown crop (22 December). Leaf dry weight increased up to 10 days after anthesis and declined thereafter, whereas stem, spike and total dry weight increased up to maturity without showing any de creasing pattern. The highest spike dry weight at all the sfages was recorded in UP 2425 , whereas WH 542 had minimum spike dry weight. At maturity, the highest total dry weight was recorded in PBW 343 during both the years. Variety PBW 343 performed better and WH 542 yielded lower than other varieties under normal sown con dition, while UP 2425 followed by UP 2338 was highest grain producing variety in December sown crop.
Response of triticale (Triticosecale) to nitrogen and seeding rate under Turkey conditions
Authors: M. BASBAG  , A. ALP  , B. SAMANCI
Published: December 2023

study was conducted during 1997-99 to determine the effect of nitrogen levels (0, 40, 80 and 120 kglha) and seeding rates (80, 130, 180 and 230 kglha) on yield and yield attributes of Triticosecale at Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey. Plant height, spike length, yield and protein cotent of the seeds inkeased with increasing ni- trogen levels. The highest seed yield (2,011 kglha) was obtained with 120 kg Nlha. Seeding rate also affected spike length, spikelet number, 1,000-seed weight and protein content.
Irrigation and nutrient requirement of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) in black soil
Authors: D.K. BASTIA  , A.K. ROUT  , L. M. GARNAYAK .
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during winter season of 1995 96 to 1997 98 to optimise the irrigation and nutrient requirement of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) in a black soil at Bhawanipatna, Orissa. Application of 2 post sowing irrigations at branching and flowering along with 1 pre sowing irrigation resulted in the maximum seed yield of 1,822 kglha being on par with 1 pre sowing and a post sowing irrigation at branching. These 2 irrigation treatments had similar benefit : cost and water use elficiency (WUE), but consumptive use of water (CU) was more with the former. The seed yield at 80 : 80 : 40 kg of N : P,O, : K,O/ha was the highest (1,718 kglha), followed by 60:60:30 kglha (1,696 kglha). A declining trend in seed yield at the highest fertility level (80 : 80 : 40 kglha) was noticed, particularly when irrigation was withheld at flowering stage. Though CU by safflower increased with in creasing level of fertility, both benefit : ost (1.79) and water use efficiency (4.21 kglha mm) were the maximum at 60 : 60 : 30 kglha of N : P,O, : K,O.
Tillering pattern, growth and productivity of promising sugarcane genotypes under various planting seasons and nitrogen levels in subtropical India
Authors: S.K. SHUKLA
Published: December 2023

An experiment was conducted at the Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, during 2000 2001 and 2001 2002 with 2 planting seasons (spring and summer), 3 genotypes ( Co H 94202 , CoLk 9606 and CoLk 9617 ) and 3 nitrogen levels (1 12.5, 150 and 187.5 kglha). Higher tiller number, vigour and re tention along with mean cane length (176.7 and 236.9 cm), cane diameter (2.46 and 2.23 cm) and cane weight (91 6.3 and 11 06 g) were observed with spring planted cane than summer cane during both the cropping sea sons respectively. Mean tiller population increased from 89,350tha to 21 8,600tha and 85,250 to 197,800tha dur ing first and second cropping seasons respectively. Thus higher tiller retention (66.6%) was observed during the first year than second year (52.9%). Genotype CoLk 961 7 produced highest number. of millable canes (1 53,5001 ha and 114,02O/ha during both the cropping seasons respectively), cane yield (92.1 9 and 109.4 tonnestha) and commercial cane sugar (10.72 and 12.95 tonnestha) and found superior to CoLk 94202 and CoLk 9606 . Spring planting produced highest cane (92.81 and 11 0.67 tonnestha) and commercial cane sugar (1 1.07 and 12.89 tonnestha) yields compared with the summer planting. The highest level of nitrogen also resulted in better tiller vigour, number and retention, besides better expression in growth parameters, cane (90.92 tonnestha and 103.75 tonnestha) and commercial cane sugar yields (10.69 and 12.59 tonnestha) during both the cropping sea sons.
Effect of seed size cum spacing on seedling tubers obtained from true potato (Solanum tuberosum) seed
Authors: P.D. SONAWANE  , M.V. DHOBLEZ
Published: December 2023

An experiment was conducted during the winter (rabr) seasons of 1996 97 and 1997 98 on clayey soil at Parbhani, to find out suitable and economical combination of inter and intra row spacing with seedling tuber size in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Significant increase in the tuber yield was recorded by row spacing of 45 cm. The plant spacing of 10 cm was at par with 15 cm and gave the highest tuber yield of 102.39 and 92.84 q/ha dur ing 1996 97 and in pooled data, respectively, and was significantly superior to that of 20 cm plant spacing. The tu ber yield increased with increase in seedling tuber size. Significantly highest tuber yield recorded by large seedling tuber size of 11 1 5 g over 1 5 g and 6 1 0 g size. Similarly, 6 10 g seedling tuber size was signif cantly superior to 1 5 g size. Significantly highest tuber yield of 11 9.24 q/ha was recorded by the treatment combination of 15 cm plant spacing with 11 15 g seedling tuber size during 1996 97. The highest tuber yield of 36.13 q/ha under me dium grade (20 50 g) was recorded by the treatment combinatibns of 15 cm plant spacing with 11 15 g seedling tuber size under 45 cm row spacing during 1996 97. As regards the net returns and beenfit : cost ratio, plant spac ing of 15 cm was advantageous over 10 and 20 cm, whereas row spacing was equally effective and seedling tuber sizes under net returns were equally effective. Benefit : cost ratio was decreased as the seedling tuber size in crease from 1 to 15 g. Based on 2 year s pooled data row spacing of 45 cm with 15 cm plant spacing and 11 1 5 g seedling tuber size was most advantageous and recommended to Marathwada region for cultivation of potato crop during winter season.
Post-anthesis dry-matter accumulation and its partitioning in different wheat (Triticum aestivum) genotypes under varying growing environments
Authors: P.K. TYAGI  , R.K. PANNU  , K.D. SHARMA  , B.D.CHAUDHARY  , D.P. SlNGH
Published: December 2023

An experiment was conducted in micro-plots during winter (rabo seasons of 2000-2001 and 2001-2002 at Hisar on 5 wheat genotypes ('PBW 343', 'NIAW 34', 'UP 2338', 'HD 2428' and 'Raj 3765') subjected to different growing environments by sowing on normal date (25 and 20 November) or late (3 January and 24 December), to study post-anthesis dry-matter accumulation and its partitioning. The total dry matter as well as its partitioning into leaves, stems, roots, spikes and grains was reduced significantly at anthesis and maturity under late sowing com- pared with normal date of sowing. The reduction in dry-matter partitioning into leaves, stems and roots was 31.3, 12.0 and 21.9% at anthesis; while at physiological maturity it was into leaves, stems, roots, spikes and grains was 31.7, 34.3, 22.4, 31.3 and 38.5% respectively. Partitioning of dry matter at anthesis indicated the maximum contri- bution from stems (35.9%), followed by roots (34.6%), leaves (15.5%) and spikes (14.0%); whereas at physiologi- cal maturity, the spikes contributed the maximum (38.4%), followed by roots (25.g0h), stems (25.5%) and leaves (10.4%) towards total dry matter. Among the genotypes, 'PBW 343' and 'NIAW 34' produced significantly higher to- tal dry matter as well as spikes and grain weight at maturity under both normal and late sowing. A significantly positive association of grain weight with total dry matter, stem weight, root weight and spike weight under normal and late sowing indicated that higher biomass yield and its maximum partitioning into spikes improved the grain yield of wheat.
Effect of integrated nitrogen nutrition techniques on yield, N content, uptake and use efficiency of rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: P.K. R O U  , S.K. SARAWGI
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the rainy (kharif) seasons of 2000 and 2001 at Raipur, Chhattisgarh, to study the effect of different integrated nitrogen nutrition techniques on yield, N content, N uptake and N-use effi- ciency of rice (Oryza sativa L.).The grain yield, straw yield, N content and uptake were significantly higher under 100% recommended dose of N (RDN) blended with FYM and 100% RDN + 5 tonnes FYM than other treatments on pooled data basis. The per cent increase in grain yield with 100% RDN blended with FYM, 100% RDN + 5 tonnes FYM and 100% RDN as urea: FYM: soil over 100% RDN were 13.4, 14.2 and 8.2% respectively. The nitro- gen-use efficiency parameters revealed that the factor productivity and recovery efficiency were highest with 100% RDN as urea: FYM: soil. But the recovery efficiency under 100% RDN as urea : FYM : soil, 100% RDN + 5 tonnes FYM and 100% RDN blended with FYM were higher than other treatments. However, the agronomic efficiency of 100% RDN blended with FYM and 100% RDN + 5 tonnes FYM were the same (0.48), followed by 100% RDN as urea : FYM soil (0.47).
Early production of robust seedlings through modified mat nursery for enhancing rice (Oryza sativa) pxoductivity and profit
Authors: R. RAJENDRAN  , V. RAV  , K. VALLIAPPAN  , T. NADANASABAPATHY  , T. JAYARAJ  , S. RAMANATHAN  , V. BALASUBRAMANIAN
Published: December 2023

A modified rice (Oryza sativa L.) mat nursery was developed at the Soil and Water Management Research In- stitute (SWMRI), Thanjavur, India. It produced robust seedlings in 15 days after sowing (DAS) that were similar in size as that of 25 to 30 days old seedlings produced in traditional nursery. Seedling mats could be easily trans- ported and easily separated. The modified rice mat nursery could save the cost on seed, water'and labour and thereby an overall saving of cost by about 50% was achieved. Soil + pressmud mixture (1 :I wlw) produced the most vigorous seedlings in 15 days, recording the maximum seedling height (20.8 cm), root length (9.9 cm), leaveslseedling (4.2) and seedling-vigour index (8.2). Soil alone or 90% soil + 10% rice husk mixture also pro- duced healthy seedlings. Other organic manures can be used for mat nursery provided it is fully decomposed and well mixed with soil. Seedlings of 15 days age when planted gave 16-20% higher yield than the rice crop planted with 25 days old seedlings of traditional wet nursery.
Weed management in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea)
Authors: Y.S. CHAUHAN  , M.K. BHARGAVA  , V.K. JAlN
Published: December 2023

A field experiment conducted during winter (rab~) seasons of 1998 and 1999 at Research Farm, College of Agri- culture, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, revealed that the application of oxyfluorfen at 0.25 kglha as pre-emergence, fluchloralin 1.0 kglha as pre-plant application and 2 hand-weedings (25 and 40 DAS) in Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj. & Cosson] drastically reduced weed density, weed biomass and increased the seed yield. Two hand-weedings were next to weed-free in giving higher seed yield (1 7.55 and 17.59 qlha during 1998 and 1999 re- spectively), followed by oxyfluorfen 0.25 kglha as pre-emergence in both the years. However, oxyfluorfen at 0.25 kglha was on a par with fluchloralin 1.0 kglha as pre-plant application and pendimethalin 0.75 kglha as pre-emer- gence.
Effect of low doses of herbicides on weeds, nutrient uptake and yield of trans- planted rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: DHIMAN MUKHERJEE  , R.P. SlNGH
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the rainy season of 2001 and 2002 at Research farm of Institute of Agricultural Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi. Pre-emergence application of mixture of almix + 2,4- DEE 15 + 500 g/ha recorded the minimum weed density and their biomass than rest of the herbicidal treatments. This treatment registered higher weed-control efficiency next to hand-weeding thrice. Hand-weeding and chemi- cal weeding treatment with almix + 2, 4 DEE 15 + 500 g/ha significantly increased the nutrient uptake by crop and gave higher grain yields. However, the minimum nutrient uptake by crop was noted under unweeded check. On an average, almix + 2, 4-DEE 15 + 500 glha registered 88 and 83% higher grain yield in 2001 and 2002, re- spectively, compared to weedy check.
Effect of organic manure and nitrogen fertilization on productivity of barley (Hor- deum vulgare)
Authors: P.D. KUMAWAT  , N.L. JAT
Published: December 2023

The results of the field experiment conducted during winter (irrigated) seasons of 2000-2001 and 2001-2002 revealed that application of organic manure improved yield attributes and yield of barley (Hordeurn vulgare L., s.1.). Application of vermicompost Q 4.5 tonneslha resu!ted in the highest grain yield over no-organic manure, vermicompost 8 1.5 and 3.0 tonneslha and FYN! 8 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 tonneslha respectively. However, vermicompost Q 4.5 tonneslha being at par with vermicompost 8 3.0 tonneslha recorded significantly highest net returns. However, vermicompost Q 4.5 tonneslha brought significantly highest uptake of NPK over rest of the treatments. Further, the vermicompost 8 1.5 tonneslha was almost equally effective with FYM 8 7.5 and 10.0 tonneslha. Increasing dose of nitrogen improved significantly the yield attributes, yields, net returns, total uptake of NPK in barley crop. The combined application of vermicompost Q 4.5 tonneslha + 40 kg Nlha obtained higher grain yield.
Influence of sulphur, phosphorus and farmyard manure on yield attributes and yield of maize (Zea mays) in southern Rajasthan conditions
Authors: Y.K. MEHTA  , M.S. SHAKTAWAT  , S.M. SlNGHl
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted at Instructional Farm, Rajasthan College of Agricultrue, Udaipur, during the rainy (kharif) seasons of 1999 and 2000 on clay-loam soil, to study the effect of sulphur, phosphorus and farm- yard manure on yield attributes and yield of maize (Zea mays L.). Cobslplant, rowslcob, cob weight, grain weight1 cob, seed index, seed and stover yields, N, P, S and Fe uptake by seed stover and total uptake by maize in- creased significantly as a result of sulphur application. Application of 60 kg Slha significantly recorded higher seed and stover yields over 0 and 30 kg Slha by 29.1 and 11.0 and 25.1 and 9.5% respectively. Application of 40 kg phosphorus increased significantly the yield attributes and seed and stover yields over 20 kg P,O,/ha, repre- senting a mean increases of 13.6 and 12.5% respectively. Application of 10 tonnes FYMIha enhanced signifi- cantly the yield attributes and yield over no farmyard manure to the magnitude of 13.9 in seed and 11.2% in sto- ver yield, respectively.
Response of promising rainy-season sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) genotypes to nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization
Authors: A.K. DIXIT  , O.P. SINGH  , DILEEP KACHR  , AMARJIT S. BALI
Published: December 2023

A field investigation was conducted at Pantnagar, Uttaranchal during the rainy (kharif) seasons of 1998 and 1999, to study the pattern of growth and nutrient uptake by sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] genotypes to varying fertility levels. Genotype 'SPH 960' proved superior in producing higher number of green leaves/plant, leaf-area index and dry-matter accumulation than other genotypes. In 'SPH 960', increase in panicle, length, panicle diameter, panicle weight and graindpanicle resulted in significant increase of grain yield than rest of the genotypes. This genotype also removed more phosphorus and nitrogen from the soil. However, genotype 'SPH 792' recorded maximum stover yield, fresh fodder yield and potassium uptake. The net return and benefit : cost ratio were also highest in 'SPH 960'. Application of 80 kg N + 40 kg P,O,/ha not only increased the growth and yield attributes but also increased the grain yield, stover yield, harvest index, fresh fodder yield, uptake of N, P and K significantly which resulted in higher net return and benefit : cost ratio.
Effect of integrated weed management and intercropping systems on growth and yield of pearlmillet (Pennisetum glaucum)
Authors: BALDEV RAM  , G.R. CHAUDHARY  , A.S. JAT  , M.L. JAT
Published: December 2023

An experiment was conducted during the rainy season (kharif) of 1999 and 2000 at College of Agriculture, Jobner (Jaipur), on a loamy sand soil, to evaluate the effect of integrated weed management and intercropping systems on growth and yield of pearlmillet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br. emend. Stuntz]. Lowest weed popula- tion (1 17/m2) and dry weight (975 kglha) were recorded under pearlmillet + cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] followed by pearlmillet + greengram (Phaseolus radiatus L.) while maximum under sole pearlmillet at har- vest. The sole pearlmillet recorded significantly higher tillers/plant than all the 3 intercropping systems. Maximum plant height was recorded under sole pearlmillet, being at par with pearlmillet + clusterbean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taubert]. Sole pearlmillet gave significantly more ear length, grain (20.8 q/ha) and stover (54.9 q/ha) than rest of the intercropping systems whereas highest pearlmillet-grain-equivalent yield was recorded un- der pearlmillet + clusterbean (39.2 q/ha) closely followed by pearlmillet + greengram. Hand-weeding twice at 30 and 45 DAS remained at par with pendimethalin and oxadiazon each at 1.0 kg/ha supplemented with hand- weeding once at 45 DAS significantly reduced the weed population (77/m2) and dry-matter production (625 kg/ ha) compared to rest of the weed-management practices. The plant height, tillers/plant, earstplant and ear length increased significantly under all the weed-control measures compared to unweeded control with maximum val- ues under hand-weeding twice. Similarly, maximum values were obtained under hand-weeding twice (22.9 q/ha grain, 61.5 q/ha stover and 41.4 q/ha pearlmillet grain-equivalent yields) followed by pendimethalin and oxadiazon each at 1.0 kg/ha + hand-weeding once at 45 days after sowing over weedy check.
Synergistic association of Rhizobium with phosphate-solubilizing bacteria under different sources of nutrient supply on productivity and soil fertility in soybean (Glycine m u )
Authors: K. GOVINDAN  , V. THiRUMURUGAN
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the summer and rainy seasons of 1999 and 2000 to study the effect of Rhizobium and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) on growth, yield, nutrient uptake and soil fertility of soy- bean [Glycine max (L.)' Merr.] under different sources of nutrient supply (vermicompost, pressmud and composted coir pith, each at 75 and 100% N substitution and inorganic fertilizers. Association between Rhizo- bium and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria was synergistic and their dual inoculation improved the seed yield of soybean significantly (30.9 and 33.6%) over untreated control during summer and rainy seasons respectively. Significant increase in NPK uptake and post-harvest soil N and P levels was observed under combined inocula- tion of biofertilizers. Among the sources of nutrient supply, vermicompost at 75% N substitution excelled all oth- ers in improving the growth and seed yield of soybean. Organic manures tried at 75% N substitution gave higher seed yield than 100% N substitution. Application of organic manures resulted in desirable post-harvest soil sta- tus with more N and P.
Effect of varieties, crop geometries and weed management on nutrient uptake by soybean (Glycine and associated weeds m a )
Authors: N. PANDYA  , G.S. CHOUHAN  , V. NEPALIA
Published: December 2023

A field experiment carried out during the rainy season of 2001 and 2002 on clay loam alkaline soil at Udaipur (Rajasthan) showed that soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] variety 'JS 335' outyielded 'NRC 37' and 'JS 71-05' in terms of N and P uptake. Crop geometries (30 cm x 10 cm and 20 cm x 15 cm) did not show any significant variation for N and P uptake by crop and associated weeds. All the weed-management treatments significantly reduced removal of N and P by weeds and enhanced uptake of these nutrients by soybean compared to weedy check. Two hand-weedings at 20 and 40 days after sowing and pre-emergence application of clomazone at 1.0 kglha + hand-weeding at 40 days were at par and resulted in significant reduction in uptake of N and P by weeds and increase in uptake of these nutrients by soybean compared to all other methods of weed control. Seed and straw yields of soybean were also increased significantly owing to these 2 methods of weed control compared to rest of the methods.
Influence of weed-control method on productivity of rainfed soybean (Glycine max) in Vertisol of central India
Authors: U.K. BEHERA  , UPENDRA SIGH  , Y.V. SlNGH
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was carried out during the rainy season of 1998 and 1999 to study the effect of different herbicides on growth and yield of 'JS 335' soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] grown on clay-loam soil of Indore, Madhya Pradesh. The conventional practice of weed control involving dora (a small bakhar shape implement, drawn by a pair of bullocks between the rows of the crop) and 1 hand-weeding 30 days after sowing the crop, was effective in controlling the weeds and giving higher grain yield. The pre-emergence application of herbi- cides-metolachlor @ 1.0 kgtha, chlorimuron ethyl @ 0.009 kgtha and combined use of chlorimuron ethyl and metolachlor @ 0.009 kg and 1.0 kgtha, respectively, were equally effective in controlling the weeds and influenc- ing soybean yield favourably.
Effect of nitrogen and organic plant food supplements and stimulants Vegimax and Mahaagrozyme on growth, yield attributes and yield of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)
Authors: M. PRASAD  , K. LAL  , R. PRASAD
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted for 3 years (2001-03) at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, to study the effect of Vegimax and Mahaagrozyrne, two organic plant food supplements, and stimulants on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). The optimum levels of application were found to be 0.25 mlllitre water for Vegimax and 3 mlllitre water for Mahaagrozyme. Vegimax and Mahaagrozyme were not effective when applied along with fertilizer nitrogen. However, with farmyard manure both Vegimax and Mahaagrozyme were quite effec- tive and resulted in highest seed-cotton yield.
Integrated nutrient management for sustainable cane production
Authors: THOMAS MATHEW  , KURUVILLLA VARUGHESE
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the crop season of 1998-99 and 1999-2000, to study the influence of integrated use of organic sources with different levels of mineral nutrients. Integrated use of pressmud at 5 tonnestha with NPK application @ 100% of the recommended dose influenced the yield attributes, nutrient up- take and remarkably increased the cane yield. It was comparable with conjuctive use of pressmud @5 tonnestha with NPK @ 100% of the recommended dose. But the magnitude of variation in cane yield was only marginal. Hence, it was possible to save 25% of the recommended dose of NPK when pressmud was applied 8 5 tonnest ha. There was a drastic decrease in cane growth and cane yield when resorted to mineral nutrition alone. The juice quality also improved when organic sources were integrated with mineral nutrients.