bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diesel exhaust treatment by a combination of non‐thermal plasma with Nano‐CeO2 supported on the wood fiber filter
Authors: Guo Xiurong , Du Danfeng , Wang Yinghui , Xu Yuefeng , Gao Qi , Li Mingbao
Published: May 2020

In order to reduce the emissions of pollutants from diesel exhaust, a kind of exhaust purification technology by the combination of non‐thermal plasma (NTP) with Nano‐CeO2 supported on the micro‐wood fiber filter is proposed, and a simulation test bench is designed to test the influence factors of purification efficiency. It can be seen from the simulation experiments, the purification efficiency for particulate matter (PM) and NOx can be enhanced from 37 and 28% to 53 and 38% when the content of Nano‐CeO2 is from 0 to 16.92 wt%. The test results also show that the purification efficiency of PM and NOx increases with the rising of temperature between 40 and 160°C. Furthermore, when the mass of PM is no more than 30 mg, the purification efficiency of PM and NOx increases with the rising of PM mass. At last, the experiment shows that when the input voltage is between 6 and 12 kV, the corresponding purification efficiency increases with the rising of voltage. Temperature 160°C, catalyst 16.92 wt%, input voltage 12 kV, and PM 30 mg are the best experimental conditions for this study, in which the corresponding purification of PM and NOx is 66 and 53%, respectively. This can provide an experimental basis for the practical application of NTP and wood fiber filters in the field of exhaust gas purification.
Correlation of skin carotenoid levels with embryo development and pregnancy result of in vitro fertilization cycles for couples with unexplained infertility
Authors: Chen Wen‐Jung , Tzeng Shu‐Ling , Cheng En‐Hui , Tsao Hui‐Mei , Huang Chun‐Chia , Chen Sung‐Lang , Lee Maw‐Sheng , Lee Tsung‐Hsien
Published: May 2020

Oxidative stress‐related DNA damage is a significant pathology for male subfertility and unexplained infertility (UI). Antioxidant supplement by food or nutrition may benefit sperm function of UI couples. However, the role of antioxidant status on fertilization outcome and embryo development for UI couples is not clear. A total of 63 semen samples from UI couples undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment (26 pregnant cycles and 37 nonpregnant cycles) were recruited for this prospective observational study. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels of sperm cells are detected by a chemiluminescence assay. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of seminal plasma is evaluated according to an antioxidant assay kit. The skin carotenoid status in the male partners of UI couples is measured by resonance Raman spectroscopy to determine the antioxidant potential from dietary supplement. The skin carotenoid status (23,115 ± 6,831 vs. 19,432 ± 5,242 Raman intensity, p = .0329 by Mann–Whitney U test) and day 3 good embryo rates (49.6 ± 27.1% vs. 26.8 ± 23.1%, p = .002 by Mann–Whitney U test) are higher in pregnant cycles compared to those in nonpregnant cycles. The local antioxidant capacity (seminal TAC) is closely correlated with fertilization rates (r = .35, p = .005). In contrast, skin carotenoid status is intimately associated with good embryo rates in IVF cycles (r = .34, p = .007). In conclusion, the skin carotenoid status of male partners of UI couples may benefit embryo development and the subsequent pregnancy outcome of IVF treatment. Further investigation about the effect and mechanism of nutritional supplement on embryo development in IVF cycles for UI couples is deserved.
Relationship between multidimensional prognostic index and incident depressive symptoms in older people: Findings from the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing
Authors: Veronese Nicola , Koyanagi Ai , Smith Lee , Solmi Marco , Senesi Barbara , Cella Alberto , Pilotto Alberto
Published: May 2020

Objectives

The multidimensional prognostic index (MPI) is a useful prognostic tool for evaluating adverse health outcomes in older individuals. However, the association between MPI and depressive symptoms has never been explored, despite depression being a common condition in older people. We therefore aimed to evaluate whether MPI may predict incident depressive symptoms.

Methods

Longitudinal, cohort study, with 2 years of follow‐up (W1: October 2009‐February 2011; W2: April 2012‐January 2013), including people aged ≥65 years without depressive symptoms at baseline. A comprehensive geriatric assessment including information on functional, nutritional, cognitive status, mobility, comorbidities, medications, and cohabitation status was used to calculate the MPI dividing the participants into low, moderate, or severe risk. Those who scored ≥16/60 with the Center of Epidemiology Studies Depression (CES‐D) tool were considered to have depressive symptoms. Multivariable logistic regression models were built to explore the association between MPI and incident depressive symptoms.

Results

The sample consisted of 1854 participants (mean age: 72.8 ± SD 5.1 years; females: 52.1%). The prevalence of incident depressive symptoms by MPI tertiles at baseline were: low 2.5%, moderate 3.9%, and severe 6.7%. In multivariable analyses, baseline MPI values were significantly associated with incident depressive symptoms (increase in 0.1 points in MPI: odds ratio, OR = 1.47; 95% confidence intervals, CI: 1.17‐1.85; MPI tertile severe vs low: OR = 2.96; 95%CI: 1.50‐5.85).

Conclusion

Baseline MPI values were associated with incident depressive symptoms indicating that multidimensional assessment of older people may lead to early identification of individuals at increased risk of depression onset.
Predicting salvage laryngectomy in patients treated with primary nonsurgical therapy for laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma using machine learning
Authors: Smith Joshua B. , Shew Matthew , Karadaghy Omar A. , Nallani Rohit , Sykes Kevin J. , Gan Gregory N. , Brant Jason A. , Bur Andrés M.
Published: May 2020

Background

Machine learning (ML) algorithms may predict patients who will require salvage total laryngectomy (STL) after primary radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy for laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).

Methods

Patients treated for T1‐T3a laryngeal SCC were identified from the National Cancer Database. Multiple ML algorithms were trained to predict which patients would go on to require STL after primary nonsurgical treatment.

Results

A total of 16 440 cases were included. The best classification performance was achieved with a gradient boosting algorithm, which achieved accuracy of 76.0% (95% CI 74.5‐77.5) and area under the curve = 0.762. The most important variables used to construct the model were distance from residence to treating facility and days from diagnosis to start of treatment.

Conclusion

We can identify patients likely to fail primary radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy and who will go on to require STL by applying ML techniques and argue for high‐quality, multidisciplinary regionalized care.
Biotin, coenzyme Q10, and their combination ameliorate aluminium chloride‐induced Alzheimer's disease via attenuating neuroinflammation and improving brain insulin signaling
Authors: Attia Hala , Albuhayri Shaykhah , Alaraidh Sadeem , Alotaibi Amirah , Yacoub Hazar , Mohamad Raeesa , Al‐Amin Maha
Published: May 2020

Insulin is important for brain function and neuronal survival. Insulin signaling is initiated by the phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate‐1 (IRS‐1) at tyrosine (pTyr) residue. However, IRS‐1 is inhibited by phosphorylation at serine (pSer). In Alzheimer's disease (AD), oxidative stress and accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) induce neuroinflammation, which augments pSer‐IRS‐1 and reduces pTyr‐IRS‐1 disturbing insulin signaling pathway. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and biotin possess antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties, and, in this study, their impact on insulin signaling is investigated in an aluminium chloride (AlCl3) model of AD. AD was induced by oral administration of AlCl3 (75 mg/kg) for 60 days. Biotin (2 mg/kg), CoQ10 (10 mg/kg), and their combination were supplemented concomitantly with AlCl3 for 60 days. Memory test and histological examination were performed. Brain levels of lipid peroxides, antioxidants (reduced glutathione and superoxide dismutase), inflammatory markers (tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin‐6 [IL‐6], IL‐1, and nuclear factor κB), and phosphorylated Akt (survival kinase) as well as protein levels of Aβ, IRS‐1 (pTyr and pSer), and caspase‐3 (apoptotic marker) were determined. AlCl3 resulted in impaired memory, significant increase in Aβ, lipid peroxides, inflammatory markers, caspase‐3, and pSer‐IRS‐1, with significant reduction of the antioxidants, pTyr‐IRS‐1, and p‐Akt reflecting Aβ‐induced inflammation and defective insulin signaling. Histological examination revealed focal aggregations of inflammatory cells and neuronal degeneration. The biochemical deviations and histological changes were attenuated by the concomitant treatment with biotin and, to greater extent, with CoQ10 and the combination. In conclusion, biotin and CoQ10 could protect against AD via attenuating inflammatory response and enhancing insulin signaling.
NLRC3 inhibits PDGF‐induced PASMCs proliferation via PI3K‐mTOR pathway
Authors: Zha Li‐huang , Zhou Jun , Tan Yilong , Guo Shuhong , Zhang Men‐qiu , Li Sheng , Yan Peng , Yu Zai‐xin
Published: May 2020

Few studies about nucleotide‐oligomerization domain‐like receptor subfamily C3 (NLRC3) in PASMCs have been conducted. This research aimed to investigate the role of NLRC3 on platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF)‐induced proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) and its underlying mechanism. We found that the proliferation of PASMCs stimulated with PDGF decreased when phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K) or mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors pretreatment. Overexpression of NLRC3 inhibited the proliferation of PASMCs and the phosphorylation of PI3K and mTOR while knocking down NLRC3 reversed this effect. Targeted to PI3K or mTOR can also reverse the effect of NLRC3. Activation of PI3K increased the phosphorylation of mTOR while inhibition of PI3K reduced it. Our data suggest that PDGF can induce abnormal proliferation of PASMCs, and NLRC3 suppresses activation of the PI3K‐mTOR signaling thus inhibits PASMCs proliferation. These findings unveiled the effect of NLRC3 as an inhibitor of the PI3K‐mTOR pathway mediating protection against PASMCs proliferation.
Elevated cell‐free fetal DNA contributes to placental inflammation and antiangiogenesis via AIM2 and IFI16 during pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Li Ning , He Fei , Gao Hang , Ge Ying , Fan Xiujun , Zhang Jian , Qi Hui , Ren Lili
Published: May 2020

Accumulated evidence has shown that pre‐eclampsia (PE) is related to both maternal and utero‐placental antiangiogenesis and inflammation. Remarkably, an elevated cell‐free fetal DNA (cffDNA) level has been found in maternal circulation; however, it remains unclear whether this DNA can induce activation of cytosolic DNA sensor signaling pathways and lead to the development of PE. In this study, we found that trophoblast cells constitutively expressed the cytosolic DNA sensors, absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) and interferon‐inducible protein 16 (IFI16). The cffDNA and pro‐inflammatory and antiangiogenic factors were present at higher concentrations in PE compared with the control group and correlated with the severity of PE. DNA stimulation significantly increased the AIM2 and IFI16 levels, consistent with the elevated AIM2 and IFI16 expression in women with PE, and elicited increased production of AIM2‐mediated interleukin IL‐8 (IL‐8), IL‐6 and CC chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) and IFI16‐mediated sEndoglin, sFlt‐1 and CXCL10. Furthermore, enhancement of the inflammatory response was found to be induced by DNA exposure, but DNA exposure did not induce PE‐like symptoms in pregnant mice. It is possible that elevated cffDNA could reflect the degree of placental damage and trigger cytosolic DNA sensor activation, which disrupts the immunity balance and, consequently, contributes to inflammatory and antiangiogenic responses. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that circulating cffDNA levels are increased in preeclamptic women and act through AIM2 and IFI16 activation to promote the production of pro‐inflammatory and antiangiogenic factors, which correlate with the severity of the disease, and may offer insights into the etiology and pathogenesis of PE.
Sequence of chondrocranial development in the oriental fire bellied toad Bombina orientalis
Authors: Lukas Paul , Olsson Lennart
Published: May 2020

The vertebrate head as a major novelty is directly linked to the evolutionary success of the vertebrates. Sequential information on the embryonic pattern of cartilaginous head development are scarce, but important for the understanding of its evolution. In this study, we use the oriental fire bellied toad, Bombina orientalis, a basal anuran to investigate the sequence and timing of larval cartilaginous development of the head skeleton from the appearance of mesenchymal Anlagen in post‐neurulation stages until the premetamorphic larvae. We use different methodological approaches like classic histology, clearing and staining, and antibody staining to examine the larval skeletal morphology. Our results show that in contrast to other vertebrates, the ceratohyals are the first centers of chondrification. They are followed by the palatoquadrate and the basihyal. The latter later fuses to the ceratohyal and the branchial basket. Anterior elements like Meckel's cartilage and the rostralia are delayed in development and alter the ancestral anterior posterior pattern observed in other vertebrates. The ceratobranchials I–IV, components of the branchial basket, follow this strict anterior–posterior pattern of chondrification as reported in other amphibians. Chondrification of different skeletal elements follows a distinct pattern and the larval skeleton is nearly fully developed at Gosner Stage 28. We provide baseline data on the pattern and timing of early cartilage development in a basal anuran species, which may serve as guidance for further experimental studies in this species as well as an important basis for the understanding of the evolutionary changes in head development among amphibians and vertebrates.
In silico studies on the comparative characterization of the interactions of SARS‐CoV‐2 spike glycoprotein with ACE‐2 receptor homologs and human TLRs
Authors: Choudhury Abhigyan , Mukherjee Suprabhat
Published: May 2020

Coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) outbreak due to novel coronavirus or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection has come out as a major threat for mankind in recent times. It is continually taking an enormous toll on mankind by means of increasing number of deaths, associated comorbidities, and socioeconomic loss around the globe. Unavailability of chemotherapeutics/vaccine has posed tremendous challenges to scientists and doctors for developing an urgent therapeutic strategy. In this connection, the present in silico study aims to understand the sequence divergence of spike protein (the major infective protein of SARS‐CoV‐2), its mode of interaction with the angiotensin‐converting enzyme‐2 receptor (ACE2) receptor of human and related animal hosts/reservoir. Moreover, the involvement of the human Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) against the spike protein has also been demonstrated. Our data indicated that the spike glycoprotein of SARS‐CoV‐2 is phylogenetically close to bat coronavirus and strongly binds with ACE2 receptor protein from both human and bat origin. We have also found that cell surface TLRs, especially TLR4 is most likely to be involved in recognizing molecular patterns from SARS‐CoV‐2 to induce inflammatory responses. The present study supported the zoonotic origin of SARS‐CoV‐2 from a bat and also revealed that TLR4 may have a crucial role in the virus‐induced inflammatory consequences associated with COVID‐19. Therefore, selective targeting of TLR4‐spike protein interaction by designing competitive TLR4‐antagonists could pave a new way to treat COVID‐19. Finally, this study is expected to improve our understanding on the immunobiology of SARS‐CoV‐2 and could be useful in adopting spike protein, ACE2, or TLR‐guided intervention strategy against COVID‐19 shortly.
A comparison study of SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG antibody between male and female COVID‐19 patients: A possible reason underlying different outcome between sex
Authors: Zeng Fanfan , Dai Chan , Cai Pengcheng , Wang Jinbiao , Xu Lei , Li Jianyu , Hu Guoyun , Wang Zheng , Zheng Fang , Wang Lin
Published: May 2020

The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) in China at the end of 2019 has spread throughout the world and caused many thousands of deaths. The previous study reported a higher severe status rate and mortality rate in male patients in China. However, the reason underlying this difference has not been reported. The convalescent plasma containing a high level of SARS‐CoV‐2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody has been used in clinical therapy and achieved good effects in China. In this study, to compare the differences of the SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG antibody between male and female patients, a total number of 331 patients confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection were enrolled. The serum of these patients was collected during hospitalization and detected for the SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG antibody. Our data showed that the concentration of IgG antibody in mild, general, and recovering patients showed no difference between male and female patients. In severe status, compared with male patients, there were more female patients having a relatively high concentration of serum SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG antibody. In addition, the generation of IgG antibody in female patients was stronger than male patients in disease early phase. Our study identified a discrepancy in the SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG antibody level in male and female patients, which may be a potential cause leading to a different outcome of Coronavirus Disease 2019 between sex.
Comparison of overall survival in gallbladder carcinoma at academic versus community cancer centers: An analysis of the National Cancer Data Base
Authors: Liu Chrissy , Rein Lisa , Clarke Callisia , Mogal Harveshp , Tsai Susan , Christians Kathleen K. , Gamblin T. C.
Published: May 2020

Background and Objectives

Gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) has a poor prognosis. Studies demonstrated that teaching facilities may provide a lower risk of mortality in patients undergoing pancreatic and colon resection vs nonteaching facilities. We hypothesized that survival rates are higher in academic cancer centers (ACCs) vs community cancer centers (CCCs).

Methods

Patients with all stages of GBC were identified from the National Cancer Database (2007‐2012). Propensity score matching adjusted for selection bias. Descriptive statistics were calculated for all variables. Overall survival (OS) was compared by facility type (ACC vs CCC) and case volume (low vs high) via multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression.

Results

A total of 7967 patients met the inclusion criteria. Following propensity matching, 2801 patients were analyzed from each facility type. Median OS following surgery was higher for ACC (20.99 months, 95% confidence interval [CI], 19.61‐22.64, P = .002) than CCC (17.68 months, 95% CI, 16.46‐19.25). Following Cox modeling, GBC treatment at ACCs was a protective factor for OS (adjusted hazard ratio 0.876, 95% CI, 0.801‐0.958, P = .004).

Discussion

GBC treatment at ACCs is an independent predictor of OS. High volume ACCs are associated with improved OS compared with low volume ACCs. The site of care and case volume in ACCs may contribute to improved survival outcomes.
Outcomes of neoadjuvant chemotherapy before CRS‐HIPEC for patients with appendiceal cancer
Authors: Chen JC , Beal Eliza W. , Hays John , Pawlik Timothy M. , Abdel‐Misih Sherif , Cloyd Jordan M.
Published: May 2020

Background

Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) with or without hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is indicated for patients with peritoneal dissemination of appendiceal cancer. The role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) before CRS‐HIPEC remains controversial.

Methods

A retrospective review of adult patients who underwent CRS ± HIPEC for metastatic appendiceal cancer between 2000‐2017 was performed. Patients who received NAC followed by surgery were compared with those who underwent surgery first (SF) with and without 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM).

Results

Among 803 patients with appendiceal cancer who underwent CRS ± HIPEC, 225 (28%) received NAC, and 578 (72%) underwent SF. After PSM (n = 186), median overall survival (OS) did not differ (NAC: 40 vs SF: 56 months; P = .210) but recurrence‐free survival (RFS) was worse among patients who received NAC (14 vs 22 months; P = .007). NAC was independently associated with worse OS (hazards ratio [HR], 1.81; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03‐3.18) and RFS (HR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.25‐2.99).

Conclusion

In this multi‐institutional retrospective analysis of patients with peritoneal dissemination from appendiceal cancer, the use of NAC before CRS‐HIPEC was associated with worse OS and RFS even after PSM and multivariable regression. Immediate surgery should be considered for patients with disease amenable to complete cytoreduction.
The Role of Gender in the Associations Among Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms, Anger, and Aggression in Russian Adolescents
Authors: Isaksson Johan , Sukhodolsky Denis G. , Koposov Roman , Stickley Andrew , Ruchkin Vladislav
Published: May 2020

Symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have been linked to anger and aggressive behavior in adult and veteran populations. However, research on the associations among anger, aggression, and PTSD in adolescents is lacking, particularly regarding differences between the sexes. To address this research gap, we used self‐report data from Russian adolescents (N = 2,810; age range: 13–17 years) to perform a full path analysis examining the associations between PTSD symptoms and the emotional (anger traits) and cognitive (rumination) components of anger as well as physical/verbal and social aggression, after adjusting for depressive symptoms. We also examined the interaction effects between PTSD symptoms and sex on anger and aggression. The results indicated that girls scored higher on measures of anger and PTSD symptoms, ds = 0.20–0.32, whereas boys scored higher on measures of physical and verbal aggression, d = 0.54. Clinical levels of PTSD symptoms were associated with anger rumination, β = .16, and trait anger, β = .06, and an interaction effect for PTSD symptoms and sex was found for aggression, whereby boys with clinical levels of PTSD symptoms reported more physical/verbal and social aggression, βs = .05 and .20, respectively. Our findings suggest that PTSD symptoms may have an important impact on anger, anger rumination, and aggression during adolescence. In particular, boys seem to have an increased risk for aggressive behavior in the presence of PTSD symptoms. The present results highlight the importance of taking anger and aggression into account when evaluating PTSD.
Device‐Induced Neocollagenesis: Profibrotic Response or True Neocollagenesis?
Authors: Natari Sheila , Kim Ko Eun , Ryu Sook In , Park Ji Hyun , Kim Il‐Hwan
Published: May 2020

Background and Objectives

Many light and radiofrequency‐based rejuvenation devices have claimed to increase collagen production in the skin dermal tissue. However, there has not been enough scientific evidence to prove whether the result is just a profibrotic response or not. We aimed to find the optimal skin rejuvenation device that shows true neocollagenesis.

Study Design/Materials and Methods

We evaluated dermal collagen thickness and gene expression of procollagen type 1, 3, matrix metalloproteinase‐3 (MMP‐3), and transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) resulting from different energy‐based devices in a rat model in vivo. The wound‐healing response was evaluated histologically and by real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) at immediate, 1st, 2nd, 4th, 8th, and 12th week after the initial procedure.

Results

At the 12th week, the most relevant changes of the dermal thickness were found in specimens after treatment with electrosurgical unit, fractional CO2 and 1064 nm Q‐switched Nd:YAG. Procollagen 1 and 3 were also found to be the highest in electrosurgical unit, fractional CO2, and microneedle radiofrequency. Dramatic changes of MMP‐3 and TGF‐β were remarkable at the early observation but went back to normal level at 12th week. The ratio of procollagen 1 and 3 was found to be the lowest with Q‐Switched Nd:YAG 1064 nm and fractional CO2.

Conclusion

Electrosurgical unit resulted in most significant changes, but due to irreversible thermal damage and extremely high procollagen results it is considered as a profibrotic response. Fractional CO2 and Q‐Switched Nd:YAG 1064 nm are applicable to face skin rejuvenation treatment considering thickening of dermal tissue and lower procollagen 1:3 ratio similar to the neocollagenesis purpose. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC
Clinical Study Demonstrates that Electromagnetic Muscle Stimulation Does Not Cause Injury to Fat Cells
Authors: Zachary Christopher B. , Burns A. Jay , Pham Linda D. , Jimenez Lozano Joel N.
Published: May 2020

Background and Objectives

A previous pre‐clinical study on electromagnetic muscle stimulation (EMMS) suggested that fat cell apoptosis occurs following treatment in a porcine model. While EMMS can induce changes in muscle, the effect on fat tissue is not established. This clinical study sought to assess adipose tissue response to EMMS in comparison to cryolipolysis treatment.

Study Design/Materials and Methods

Study subjects were recruited prior to abdominoplasty to receive body contouring treatments and subsequently to obtain tissue for histological analysis. Non‐invasive abdominal treatments were delivered using a commercially available (n = 6) or prototype (n = 3) EMMS system or a cryolipolysis system (n = 2). Subjects received a single EMMS treatment (100% intensity for 30 minutes) or a single cryolipolysis treatment (−11°C for 35 minutes) to the abdomen. Superficial and deep (i.e., adjacent to muscle layer) subcutaneous adipose tissue was harvested at set timepoints post‐treatment. The presence or absence of an inflammatory response was evaluated using standard hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. As adipocytes that are destined to become apoptotic cannot be distinguished by traditional H&E staining during the early phases of injury, irreversible fat cell injury was assessed using perilipin immunofluorescence.

Results

Following H&E histological analysis at 3, 10, 11, and 17 days post‐treatment, no EMMS‐treated samples showed an inflammatory response in either the superficial or deep subcutaneous adipose tissue. For the cryolipolysis‐treated adipose tissue, however, the H&E staining revealed a marked inflammatory response with an influx of neutrophils, lymphocytes, and macrophages at timepoints consistent with previous histological studies. Further, loss of perilipin staining provided clear visual evidence of irreversible fat cell injury in the cryolipolysis‐treated adipose tissue. In contrast, the electromagnetic muscle stimulation‐treated samples showed persistence of perilipin staining of adipose tissue indicating that all fat cells were viable.

Conclusion

This study failed to demonstrate either fat cell injury or inflammatory response following EMMS treatment. While electromagnetic muscle stimulation may non‐invasively induce muscle changes, this clinical study found no evidence of an impact injurious or otherwise on subcutaneous fat. © 2020 The Authors. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals LLC
When the American dream fails: The effect of perceived economic inequality on present‐oriented behavior
Authors: Bak Hyuna , Yi Youjae
Published: May 2020

Economic inequality is worsening worldwide and is associated with various social problems. Although research on inequality has been conducted in various academic fields, research on how perceived inequality affects individual decision making is relatively limited in the marketing field. Recognizing this gap, this study examines how perceived economic inequality can affect individual behavior and decision making from the perspective of time frame. The results of four studies reveal that perceived economic inequality can induce present‐oriented behavior and suggest that perceived economic mobility accounts for this relationship. This study demonstrates that present‐oriented and shortsighted behaviors, which are usually considered characteristics of the poor, can occur due to the perceptions of the environment beyond class. It implies that the macro level of economic inequality can influence an individual's decision making at the micro level.
Shortened consent forms for genome‐wide sequencing: Parent and provider perspectives
Authors: Hitchcock Emma C. , Study CAUSES , Elliott Alison M.
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background

Consent forms for exome and/or genome sequencing, collectively called genome‐wide sequencing (GWS), frequently contain detailed information on complex topics such as sequencing analysis and incidental findings. Considering recent endeavors by the health care community to simplify GWS consent forms, it is important to gain stakeholders' perspectives on the content, length, and use of consent forms.

Methods

Thematic analysis was conducted on data obtained from focus groups with two participant cohorts: parents who previously provided consent for trio‐based GWS as part of the translational pediatric GWS CAUSES Study, and genetic health care providers (HCP) who provide pre‐test counseling for GWS.

Results

Genetic HCP indicated that consent forms cannot replace pre‐test counseling, and as such, a simplified consent form focusing on the implications of GWS would be beneficial to both patients and HCP. Although parents' primary concerns varied when considering GWS, they all highly valued information. Parents also indicated the need for community and support after the return of GWS results. Both participant cohorts recommended that consent forms be available online and include an appendix for supplementary information.

Conclusion

It is important to include both parents and HCP in the design of GWS consent forms, and also, to help connect families who have a shared diagnosis after the post‐test counseling session.
Few organizations immune to perils of securing PPE for staff, patients
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: May 2020

Finding themselves outside the traditional supply chain for personal protective equipment (PPE) for health care staff, leaders of behavioral health provider organizations have had to devise creative strategies — from the local to the global — in order to secure equipment to protect employees and patients during the COVID‐19 crisis.
Youth‐led peer support program meets needs of MH system
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: May 2020

Helping young people understand their mental health needs and to ultimately take charge of them is only part of the story involving an innovative Washington state–based youth‐led peer support program. The youth and young adults who graduate to become certified peer counselors go on to work in community mental health centers or seek higher education, with the goal of becoming therapists, social workers or psychiatrists.
Magnetohydrodynamics free convection flow of Carbon nanotubes viscous nanofluids over an infinite plate with Newtonian heating and fractional derivative
Authors: Liang Ying , Tlili Iskander , Umar Farooq Muhammad , Butt Khurram
Published: May 2020

The problem of hydromagnetic (MHD) free convection flow of viscous nanofluids over a moving infinite vertical plate with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and Newtonian heating on the boundary is considered. The Caputo time‐fractional derivative is introduced to classical constitutive equations by using the generalized constitutive shear stress equation and generalized Fourier law. Analytical solution for the temperature distribution and semi‐analytical solution for the velocity profile are found by means of Laplace transform. The solution of temperature distribution is presented in terms of Wright and Gauss complementary error functions. The inverse Laplace transform of velocity profile is approximated by Stehfest algorithm, and for validation, Tzou algorithm is used. Finally, for illustration, three special cases are considered, and the influence of physical parameters on some fundamental motions are graphically underlined and discussed. The fractional derivative and volume faction parameter has a good influence on temperature distribution and velocity field.
A new regular infinite matrix defined by Jordan totient function and its matrix domain in ℓp
Authors: İlkhan Merve , Şimşek Necip , Kara Emrah Evren
Published: May 2020

In this paper, we first define a new regular matrix by using the arithmetic function called Jordan totient function and study the matrix domain of this newly introduced matrix in the Banach space ℓp. After computing the dual spaces of this new space, we characterize certain matrix mappings related to this space.
High‐quality interferometric inverse synthetic aperture radar imaging using deep convolutional networks
Authors: Zhang Ye , Yang Qi , Zeng Yang , Deng Bin , Wang Hongqiang , Qin Yuliang
Published: May 2020

In this article, a modified complex‐valued convolutional neural network (MCV‐CNN) specifically for interferometric inverse synthetic aperture radar (InISAR) imaging is proposed. Comparing with the fast Fourier transformation‐based and sparsity‐driven imaging algorithms, the MCV‐CNN can achieve super‐resolution and side‐lobe suppression on the imaging results simultaneously within a short time. The inputs of the MCV‐CNN are complex‐valued radar echo data, and the outputs are complex‐valued ISAR images which contain both the amplitude and phase information. Then the phase information is adopted to perform an interferometric operation, and the high‐quality three‐dimensional InISAR imaging results can be achieved. A 0.22 THz InISAR imaging experiment has been carried out to show the superiority of the proposed method on imaging quality and computational efficiency.
Profiles of paint layer samples obtained in the fringe field of a high field magnet by means of very short broadband frequency‐modulated pulses
Authors: Taugeron Pierre , Bricaud Sullivan , Kehlet Cindie , Dittmer Jens
Published: May 2020

In this article, we describe the acquisition of depth profiles, in particular of paint layers, in the static gradient of a high field magnet, providing a superior sensitivity. The main objective are reference profiles that help to understand scans made with noninvasive unilateral nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), which often suffers from poor signal‐to‐noise ratio when working with real samples. Various technical aspects like the coil geometry and the limit of resolution are investigated. A major advancement is the use of frequency‐modulated pulses that are very broadband and at the same time very short (25 μs). The latter is necessary to allow the acquisition of a CPMG echo train of old, rigid paint material. Despite being far from adiabatic, they provide uniform excitation and refocusing over 1 MHz, which corresponds to about 400 μm with the used gradient. We show that the uniformity is even sufficient to obtain biexponential relaxation profiles. With these tools, a paint sample from a restoration campaign is analyzed with different contrast criteria: The original and two layers from former restoration attempts can be visualized, and furthermore, the relaxation profiles allow to study the migration of plasticizing molecules.
Development and Reliability of the Comprehensive Crisis Plan Checklist, 2nd Edition
Authors: McCleary Daniel F. , Aspiranti Kathleen B.
Published: May 2020

As the research base for school crisis intervention and prevention expands, the need for well‐developed tools to assess school readiness in the event of a crisis increases. This paper describes how the Comprehensive Crisis Plan Checklist (CCPC) was updated to reflect advances in crisis management and crisis planning. An extensive literature search and pilot study were used to refine existing items and create new items for the checklist. The Comprehensive Crisis Plan Checklist, 2nd Edition (CCPC‐2) has 102 items separated into three sections: prevention, intervention, and postvention. The CCPC‐2 can be used by crisis teams to create new crisis plans or evaluate existing ones. Users are encouraged to carefully consider the inclusion of all items and articulate why individual items are not necessarily based on their specific needs. The CCPC‐2 was given to 10 pairs of raters to evaluate school‐based crisis plans; average interrater reliability was 89.04%. Discussion focuses on item analysis and how to use the checklist within a school setting.
Alkali Halide‐Doped Ga2S3–GeS2 Glasses
Authors: Bokova Maria , Paraskiva Alla , Kassem Mohammad , Bychkov Eugene
Published: May 2020

Glass‐forming region, macroscopic properties, and electrical conductivity changes are systematically studied in the MY–Ga2S3–GeS2 systems, where M = Na, K, Rb and Y = Cl, Br, I, as a function of alkali concentration, MY chemical composition, and Ga2S3/GeS2 ratio using two composition lines: series A – (MY)x(Ga2S3)0.2–0.2x(GeS2)0.8–0.8x and series B – (MY)x(Ga2S3)0.2 + 0.2x(GeS2)0.8−1.2x. Glasses of series B are characterized by higher maximum MY concentration, increasing with the cation radius up to 66.7 mol% in case of RbCl. The halide nature is found to be less significant for the vitrification ability. The density of samples varies monotonically between the two end‐members of each series. Glass transition temperature decreases with increasing alkali concentration, ranging from 426 °C (x = 0) to 237 °C for (RbCl)67(Ga2S3)33 sample. The conductivity of MY–Ga2S3–GeS2 glasses decreases with increasing cation radius. The Ga2S3/GeS2 ratio and the halide nature affect the conductivity weakly.
Location and Capacity Model of Charging Station for Electric Vehicles Based on Commuting Demand
Authors: Luo Qingyu , Tian Wanli , Jia Hongfei
Published: May 2020

For commuters, the workplace is the second most important place to be able to charge electric vehicles after their own residence. In order to satisfy the charging demand near to the workplaces of commuters, a location and capacity model for charging stations is set up with the aim of minimizing the overall cost, composed of the charging station construction cost and the generalized cost of users. The charging demand of commuting electric vehicles is divided into rigid demand and elastic demand, which depends on whether the electric vehicle has enough power to complete the rest of its daily travel requirements. By introducing a user convenience coefficient to quantify the user's charging expectation, the number of electric vehicles to be served and the demand for charging at the stations are obtained. Further, the optimal sites for charging stations and the quantities of different levels of charging facility equipped are determined by the location and capacity model. An example shows that, as the threshold of the convenience coefficient decreases, the demand for electric energy increases gradually, and the construction becomes less economical. Meanwhile, the location of the charging station is insensitive to the change of electric energy demand. The threshold value for the convenience coefficient is put forward for different planning purposes, providing a reference for planning site selection and quantity of chargers under elastic demand. © 2020 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Cure Kinetics of Silicone/Halloysite Nanotube Composites
Authors: Karami Zohre , Jazani Omid Moini , Navarchian Amir H. , Saeb Mohammad Reza
Published: May 2020

Properties of silicone thin films and coatings are strongly hooked on curing reaction. We discussed about cure process of silicone nanocomposites containing halloysite nanotube (HNT) at different loading levels (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 phr), both qualitatively and quantitatively. Systems containing pristine and aminosilane‐functionalized HNT were cured nonisothermally and heat buildup of the reaction was recorded by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) in terms of the time and the temperature varying the heating rate. Integral and differential isoconversional methods suggested that apparent activation energy (Ea) was strongly affected by the loading level and surface treatment of HNT. The exponent of the autocatalytic reaction (m) was decreased by the introduction and increasing the amount of pristine, and more remarkably the functionalized HNT to the silicone, where the Friedman method suggested 0.249, 0.119, and 0.045 values of m for the neat silicone rubber, and the nanocomposites containing 1 phr of pristine and functionalized HNT, respectively. The logarithm of frequency factor, ln A was also increased due to the enhanced collisions between curing moieties in the presence of pristine and functionalized HNTs form 23.57 seconds for silicone rubber to 24.25 seconds and 25.19 seconds for silicone nanocomposite containing 2 phr of pristine and functionalized HNT, respectively. The theoretical rate of reaction was in agreement with experimental data.
Two Cadmium(II) Coordination Polymers based on Pamoic Acid and Different Polydentate N‐donor Ligands: Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and Fluorescence Properties
Authors: Chu Jin‐Feng , Wang Shu‐Ying , Liu Jian‐Cai , Hu Han‐Bin , Xu Qi‐Xin
Published: May 2020

Two new fluorescent coordination polymers based on pamoic acid and different polydentate N‐donor ligands, namely {[Cd(PA)(TPTZ)(H2O)](DMF)2}n (1) and [Cd(PA)(BIB)]n (2) [H2PA = pamoic acid, TPTZ = 2,4,6‐tri(2‐pyridyl)‐1,3,5‐triazine, BIB = 1,4‐bis(1‐imidazolyl)benzene], were synthesized and characterized. Complex 1 showed a 1D zigzag chain structure with intramolecular hydrogen bonds. The 2D supramolecular structure in 1 was formed through π–π stacking interactions and intermolecular hydrogen bonds. Complex 2 displayed a 2D network structure. Intramolecular hydrogen bonds and π–π stacking interactions were observed in 2. By studying the fluorescence sensing performance of two coordination polymers, complex 1 exhibited high selectivity for tracking Al3+ ion and complex 2 could discriminately detect inorganic or aliphatic amines with high selectivity.
Bloch electrons on honeycomb lattice and toric Calabi-Yau geometry
Authors: Hatsuda Yasuyuki , Sugimoto Yuji
Published: May 2020

Abstract

We find a new relation between the spectral problem for Bloch electrons on a two-dimensional honeycomb lattice in a uniform magnetic field and that for quantum geometry of a toric Calabi-Yau threefold. We show that a difference equation for the Bloch electron is identical to a quantum mirror curve of the Calabi-Yau threefold. As an application, we show that bandwidths of the electron spectra in the weak magnetic flux regime are systematically calculated by the topological string free energies at conifold singular points in the Nekrasov-Shatashvili limit.
The higher-order phase transition in toroidal CDT
Authors: Ambjørn J. , Czelusta G. , Gizbert-Studnicki J. , Görlich A. , Jurkiewicz J. , Németh D.
Published: May 2020

Abstract

We investigate the transition between the phases B and C

b
observed in four-dimensional Causal Dynamical Triangulations (CDT). We find that the critical properties of CDT with toroidal spatial topology are the same as earlier observed in spherical spatial topology where the B − C

b
transition was found to be higher-order. This may have important consequences for the existence of the continuum limit of CDT, describing the perspective UV limit of quantum gravity, which potentially can be investigated in the toroidal model.
Nominal exchange rate determination and dynamics in an OLG framework
Authors: Bambi Mauro , Eugeni Sara
Published: May 2020

The empirical evidence on nominal exchange rate dynamics shows a long-run relationship of this variable with the fundamentals of the economy, although such relationship disappears at shorter horizons. This apparently contrasting behaviour of the nominal exchange rate can be explained in an overlapping generations model where the currencies are not perfect substitutes. In this framework, we show that the nominal exchange rate is pinned down by the fundamentals at the monetary steady state. We study the local dynamics and show that when the monetary steady state is locally indeterminate, then fluctuations of the nominal exchange rate around its long-run value can emerge. In particular, we prove the existence of stationary sunspot equilibria, where random fluctuations of the nominal exchange rate arise as a result of self-fulfilling beliefs.
Optical sensors for determination of biogenic amines in food
Authors: Danchuk Alexandra I. , Komova Nadezhda S. , Mobarez Sarah N. , Doronin Sergey Yu. , Burmistrova Natalia A. , Markin Alexey V. , Duerkop Axel
Published: May 2020

This review presents the state-of-the-art of optical sensors for determination of biogenic amines (BAs) in food by publications covering about the last 10 years. Interest in the development of rapid and preferably on-site methods for quantification of BAs is based on their important role in implementation and regulation of various physiological processes. At the same time, BAs can develop in different kinds of food by fermentation processes or microbial activity or arise due to contamination, which induces toxicological risks and food poisoning and causes serious health issues. Therefore, various optical chemosensor systems have been devised that are easy to assemble and fast responding and low-cost analytical tools. If amenable to on-site analysis, they are an attractive alternative to existing instrumental analytical methods used for BA determination in food. Hence, also portable sensor systems or dipstick sensors are described based on various probes that typically enable signal readouts such as photometry, reflectometry, luminescence, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, or ellipsometry. The quantification of BAs in real food samples and the design of the sensors are highlighted and the analytical figures of merit are compared. Future instrumental trends for BA sensing point to the use of cell phone–based fully automated optical evaluation and devices that could even comprise microfluidic micro total analysis systems.
Engineering intracellular malonyl-CoA availability in microbial hosts and its impact on polyketide and fatty acid synthesis
Authors: Milke Lars , Marienhagen Jan
Published: May 2020

Malonyl-CoA is an important central metabolite serving as the basic building block for the microbial synthesis of many pharmaceutically interesting polyketides, but also fatty acid–derived compounds including biofuels. Especially Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Escherichia coli, and Corynebacterium glutamicum have been engineered towards microbial synthesis of such compounds in recent years. However, developed strains and processes often suffer from insufficient productivity. Usually, tightly regulated intracellular malonyl-CoA availability is regarded as the decisive bottleneck limiting overall product formation. Therefore, metabolic engineering towards improved malonyl-CoA availability is essential to design efficient microbial cell factories for the production of polyketides and fatty acid derivatives. This review article summarizes metabolic engineering strategies to improve intracellular malonyl-CoA formation in industrially relevant microorganisms and its impact on productivity and product range, with a focus on polyketides and other malonyl-CoA-dependent products.

Key Points

• Malonyl-CoA is the central building block of polyketide synthesis.

• Increasing acetyl-CoA supply is pivotal to improve malonyl-CoA availability.

• Improved acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity increases availability of malonyl-CoA.

• Fatty acid synthesis as an ambivalent target to improve malonyl-CoA supply.