bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Frequency-Dependent Dynamic Parameters of Rail Pads on Environmental Vibration Induced by Subways in a Tunnel
Authors: Wei Kai , Wang Ping , Yang Fan , Xiao Junhua
Published: November 2015

On the basis of verification of a new frequency-domain method with measured data, the influence of frequency-dependent dynamic parameters of rail pads on environmental vibration is investigated. The contrast between theoretical and measured data shows that the new approach is reasonable and provides high accuracy. The influence of frequency-dependent stiffness of rail pads on environmental vibration can be neglected below the one-third octave frequency of 25 Hz and yet alters not only the frequency-domain amplitudes of environmental vibration but also its frequency distribution above 25 Hz. The frequency-dependent damping of rail pads slightly increases the maximum ground vibration level in one-third octave frequencies and yet reduces that of an above-the-center frequency with the maximum vibration level. Simply increasing the constant stiffness of rail pads or decreasing the constant damping can give the smallest error in the predicted ground vibration in either the low-frequency or the high-frequency domain. With continuous deterioration of track irregularity, regardless of frequency-dependent dynamic parameters of rail pads, the constant stiffness or damping of rail pads with the smallest error is not invariable.
Use of Matrix-Based Tactile Surface Sensors to Assess Fine-Scale Ballast–Tie Interface Pressure Distribution in Railroad Track
Authors: McHenry Michael T. , Brown Michael , LoPresti Joseph , Rose Jerry , Souleyrette Reginald
Published: November 2015

The pressure distribution at the ballast–tie interface of conventional railroad track plays a key role in overall track support. Loads exceeding the strength of the ballast or tie can contribute to degradation of track quality. In this study, matrix-based tactile surface sensors (MBTSS) were used to study the load distribution at the ballast–tie interface. MBTSS allows for fine-scale pressure distributions to be measured unobtrusively and in a dynamic load environment. In this application, the loads imparted by individual ballast particles can be measured. Laboratory ballast box testing and in-track testing were conducted at the Transportation Technology Center. Ballast gradation at the interface was varied for both laboratory and in-track testing. Laboratory results indicated that under nominal heavy axle loads, average peak ballast–tie pressures ranged from 284 psi (1,960 kPa) on sand to 1,450 psi (10,000 kPa) on new ballast. In-track testing found that six of the 10 ties tested showed higher pressures adjacent to the rail and not directly underneath it. In both cases, the contact area was shown to increase under an increasing applied load, in part because of additional ballast particles being engaged as the tie deflects. The high peak pressures observed in the laboratory and the variability of pressure distribution along the tie observed in-track significantly varied from the ballast–tie pressure distribution recommended by the American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association's Manual for Railway Engineering. Ballast–tie interface characterization has implications for tie structural design, ballast degradation, and under-tie pad design.
Use of Conventional Site Investigation Parameters to Calculate Critical Velocity of Trains from Rayleigh Waves
Authors: Connolly David P. , Forde Michael C.
Published: November 2015

This paper presents a practice-ready approach to calculating railway track critical velocity from Rayleigh waves and ground-borne vibrations with conventional site investigation parameters. Types of ground waves are discussed; equations define the wave velocities mathematically. Relationships between the terms in the equations defining Rayleigh wave velocity and hence track critical velocity are established. The reader can undertake these calculations from a standard low-cost site investigation. The design train critical velocity may be restricted to 0.7 3 Rayleigh wave velocity. However, the track critical velocity is in the region of 1.1 to 1.3 3 Rayleigh wave velocity.
Cost and Delay of Railroad Timber and Concrete Crosstie Maintenance and Replacement
Authors: Lovett Alexander H. , Dick C. Tyler , Ruppert Conrad , Barkan Christopher P. L.
Published: November 2015

Because railroad crossties are the second most valuable railroad asset, it is critical that they be maintained and managed in a cost-effective manner. The direct expenses of track maintenance cost railroads billions of dollars each year, and additional millions are spent on recovery from track-caused derailments. Train delay costs further increase the con sequences of unplanned track outages. Additionally, maintenance activities often result in traffic disruptions and congestion that can propagate throughout the rail network; this effect is a concern especially on higher-density lines that are vulnerable to cascading train delay and longer postincident recovery times. Compared with timber crossties, concrete crossties offer several potential benefits but also have a greater initial cost. Economic analysis can show instances in which extra capital investment in premium components is justified. Such analysis can also aid in planning general tie maintenance by balancing the costs of added maintenance with the associated benefit of reduced accident risk. This paper presents a model for evaluating the life-cycle economics of tie types by comparing concrete and timber crossties. A sensitivity analysis demonstrates how various inputs affect the cost comparison between timber and concrete ties.
Evaluation of Tie Support at Transition Zones
Authors: Stark Timothy D. , Wilk Stephen T. , Sussmann Theodore R.
Published: November 2015

This paper discusses two instrumentation techniques, linear variable differential transformers (LVDTs) and accelerometers, used to monitor and evaluate track structure behavior with the goal of nondestructively and quickly identifying track structural problems that eventually cause track geometry problems. LVDT results at a poorly performing bridge approach and corresponding open track site are used to show a relationship between poor tie support and the observed permanent vertical displacements. The existence of a gap between the bottom of the tie and the top of the ballast is expected to increase permanent ballast vertical displacements because of increased loads and vibration applied to the underlying ballast. Similarly, accelerometers show larger peak tie accelerations at ties with tie–ballast gaps and suggest that poor tie support increases applied loads to underlying ballast. Collected field data show that the tie–ballast gap can increase with time, which results in progressive loss of tie support at that tie and an increasing load on adjacent ties because of redistribution of wheel loads. The results show the need for a nondestructive monitoring system to be used with existing track geometry detection systems to improve identification of poorly supported ties. This system will guide maintenance to reduce the gap, because even a small gap can decrease tie and ballast performance and thus require remediation of a track section rather than a single tie.
Sensitivity of Freight and Passenger Rail Fuel Efficiency to Infrastructure, Equipment, and Operating Factors
Authors: Fullerton Garret A. , DiDomenico Giovanni C. , Dick C. Tyler
Published: November 2015

After labor expenses, the cost of fuel is the largest operating budget expense item for freight and passenger rail operations in the United States. Because fuel is such a costly component of operations, the railroad industry is constantly researching and testing new methods either to reduce the volume of fuel consumed or to switch to less-expensive fuels and sources of energy. An understanding of the factors that affect fuel consumption and their interactions is valuable for analyzing the feasibility of a given technology. Such knowledge allows for more intelligent extrapolation of simulation and laboratory results across a range of routes and in-service operating conditions. This research investigates the relative effects of infrastructure, equipment, and operating parameters on fuel efficiency for freight and passenger railroads on a mixed-use corridor. Partial factorial experiments investigate the effects of multiple factors on freight and passenger train fuel efficiency. Rail simulation software is used to run trial cases of single-track lines with heterogeneous traffic and to calculate energy-efficiency metrics. Results from the simulations are used to create two multivariate regression models for freight and passenger rail fuel efficiency. A sensitivity analysis identifies the relative effects of these factors on freight and passenger train fuel efficiency. By understanding the relative influence of various parameters on fuel efficiency, practitioners can focus data collection, modeling, and other fuel-saving efforts on the most significant factors.
Benefits of IdaShield Signs at Highway–Rail Crossings in Idaho
Authors: Abdel-Rahim Ahmed , Dixon Michael , Grover Alexander , Wulfhorst J. D. , Reyna Monica A. , Jennings Brent
Published: November 2015

This paper describes findings from a study that assessed the safety impacts of IdaShield signs installed at 1,341 highway–rail crossings in Idaho. IdaShield effectiveness was assessed with two measures: (a) a before-and-after analysis of crash data preceding and following installation of the IdaShield and (b) a usability assessment survey that measures users' understanding of the IdaShield and changes in users' responses because of the IdaShield. Before-and-after analysis of crash data revealed a significant 38.6% improvement in safety after IdaShield signs were installed. A separate analysis that used Wilcoxon signed rank tests found a significant 39.5% improvement in the daytime and 72.2% improvement at night, suggesting that IdaShield had an effect on improved safety during both daytime and nighttime conditions. The higher percentage of crash reduction for nighttime crashes indicated that some of the crash reduction of the IdaShield could be associated with improved sign reflectivity. In the usability assessment survey, Idaho drivers were randomly sampled and asked to complete an online web-based survey. The survey gave participants scenarios with accompanying pictures of approaching railroad crossings that had only IdaShield signs or IdaShield signs combined with yield or stop signs. The results of the survey showed that users understood the purpose of the IdaShield, believed that it enhanced intersection visibility, and thought that IdaShield would improve safety. Most drivers (63%) who completed the web survey indicated that they believed IdaShield increased visibility of the railway crossings as well as overall safety at the crossing.
Traffic Safety at Road–Rail Level Crossings Using a Driving Simulator and Traffic Simulation
Authors: Kim Inhi , Larue Gregoire S. , Ferreira Luis , Rakotonirainy Andry , Shaaban Khaled
Published: November 2015

Several intelligent transportation systems (ITS) were used with an advanced driving simulator to assess its influence on driving behavior. Three types of ITS interventions were tested: video in vehicle, audio in vehicle, and on-road flashing marker. The results from the driving simulator were inputs for a developed model that used traffic micro-simulation (VISSIM 5.4) to assess the safety interventions. Using a driving simulator, 58 participants were required to drive through active and passive crossings with and without an ITS device and in the presence or absence of an approaching train. The effect of changes in driver speed and compliance rate was greater at passive crossings than at active crossings. The slight difference in speed of drivers approaching ITS devices indicated that ITS helped drivers encounter crossings in a safer way. Since the traffic simulation was not able to replicate a dynamic speed change or a probability of stopping that varied depending on ITS safety devices, some modifications were made to the traffic simulation. The results showed that exposure to ITS devices at active crossings did not influence drivers' behavior significantly according to the traffic performance indicator, such as delay time, number of stops, speed, and stopped delay. However, the results of traffic simulation for passive crossings, where low traffic volumes and low train headway normally occur, showed that ITS devices improved overall traffic performance.
Statistical Temporal Analysis of Freight Train Derailment Rates in the United States
Authors: Liu Xiang
Published: November 2015

Safety is the top priority for every rail system in the world. A widely used measure for rail safety is the accident rate, which is the number of train accidents normalized by traffic exposure. Of interest in rail safety research is understanding the temporal trend of accident rates, the significant factors affecting the trend, and how to predict accident rates. This paper uses a negative binomial regression model to present a statistical analysis of U.S. Class I railroad freight train derailment rates on main tracks by year and accident cause for 2000 to 2012. The accident and traffic data used in the analysis come from FRA. The analysis led to several observations. There is a significant temporal decline in freight train derailment rate (-5.9% per year). The rate of change in accident rate varied by accident cause. Rates of freight train derailment caused by broken rails or welds and track geometry defects declined by 6% and 5% annually, respectively; the rate of derailment caused by bearing failure decreased by 11% annually; and rate of derailment caused by train handling errors fell by 7% annually. The regression model is used to project train derailment rates by accident causes and can be used to evaluate the safety benefit of potential accident prevention strategies. This research provides policy makers and practitioners with a statistical method for analyzing the temporal trend of train accident rate for development of rail safety policy and practice.
Integrated Fuzzy Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution Framework for Evaluating High-Speed Passenger Rail Corridor Alternatives
Authors: Madanu Sunil K. , Mattingly Stephen P. , Kam Katie A. , Ardekani Siamak A.
Published: November 2015

This paper develops a multiple criteria and multimethod approach for evaluating the suitability of alternative right-of-way (ROW) corridors to accommodate high-speed intercity passenger rail (HSIPR) operations. An alignment decision for HSIPR involves consideration of multiple criteria and trade-offs. Policy makers often face uncertainty in evaluating and selecting alternative options and usually consider alternatives in a fuzzy environment in which subjectivity and vagueness are present. This paper develops an integrated evaluation model that uses the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and fuzzy technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) methods to address some of these issues. The study identifies potential sketch-planning performance metrics and demonstrates their usefulness and inclusion in the integrated fuzzy AHP–TOPSIS methodology in comparing alternative ROW corridor options. In contrast to detailed engineering evaluation, the developed sketch-planning metrics provide a cost- and time-effective way of assessing alternative suitability. A case study application with existing highway ROW in Texas demonstrates the applicability of the proposed framework. Apart from ranking alternatives, a detailed sensitivity analysis assesses the effect of performance metrics weights on the preferences between alternatives using a displacement index. The proposed framework creates a more effective and systematic decision support tool for preliminary corridor alternative evaluation.
High-Performance Public Involvement
Authors: Bailey Keiron , Grossardt Ted , Ripy John
Published: November 2015

In the light of social and political currents calling for increased accountability for public processes and discussions between federal officials about the performance of the public involvement process, this paper examines public involvement in transportation and develops frameworks for identifying suitable approaches and evaluating outcomes. The aims of this paper are to ( a) foster analytic, evidence-driven discussion between public involvement professionals, project managers, consultants, and other members of the transportation community about process quality metrics and ( b) propose strategies for increasing performance of such processes by developing multidimensional process evaluation frameworks for public involvement design and outcomes. A significant Arnstein gap is identified in the quality of public involvement in transportation. A critical overview of current practice that draws on the literature on public involvement and participation is presented. Using a soft systems approach, the authors frame participation methods in distributive domain and define outcome performance criteria. The authors examine the literature on process performance in environmental management and other participation research and propose four process performance metrics for public involvement: quality, inclusion, clarity, and efficiency. Objective data from projects in structured public involvement are presented. These data illustrate that processes that satisfy these metrics will help to close the Arnstein gap by identifying stronger methodologies for involving large groups of citizens with diverse values, delivering objectively high stakeholder-evaluated process quality, and integrating these valuations into effective decision support systems for project managers and engineers. However, this improvement will require a philosophical shift to a higher level on the Arnstein ladder.
Effect of Sowing Dates on the Yield of Sunflower
Authors: Ahmed Bulbul , Sultana Mousumi , Zaman Jesmin , Paul Santos Kumar , Rahman Md Mokhlesur , Islam Md Rezaul , Majumdar Falguni
Published: November 2015

The experiment was carried out at Agronomy Research field of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Joydebpur, Gazipur and Regional Agricultural Research Station, Hathazari, Chittagong to find out optimum sowing date of sunflower during rabi season 2012-13. The sunflower var. BARI Surjomukhi-2 was used. Five sowing dates; 10 November, 20 November, 30 November, 10 December and 20 December were tested. It was revealed that yield and yield attributes of sunflower were significantly influenced by sowing dates. The maximum plant height (172.13 cm), head diameter (18.33), weight of seed / per head (66 g), 1000- seed weight (68 g) and yield (2.5 t ha?1) were obtained from 20 November sowing. The lowest yield (1.83 t ha?1) was obtained from 20 December sowing. The 20 November sowing received the higher duration for maturity (127 days), first flowering (57 days) and seed formation (20 days) while 20 December sowing showed shorter duration for maturity, first flowering and seed formation of 119, 54 and 14 days respectively. It was concluded that the 20 November sowing would be the optimum time of sowing for achieving maximum yield of sunflower.Bangladesh Agron. J. 2015, 18(1): 1-5
Intercropping Maize with Different Vegetables
Authors: Ali MR , Rahman MS , Asaduzzaman M , Hossain MM , Mannan MA
Published: November 2015

An intercropping experiment was conducted in the farmers field at Farming Systems Research and Development (FSRD) Site, Kushumhati, Sherpur in sandy loam soil of medium high land during rabi season 2011-12 to observe the productivity and economic feasibility of intercropping systems as compare3d to sole crop (viz. maize + potato, maize + Radish, maize-+-coriander, maize + bushbean, maize + spinach, maize + lalshak and maize sole). The result indicated that grain yield of maize was reduced due to intercropping systems but this reduction was compensated by intercropped. The highest grain yield of maize was found from sole maize (10.90 t ha-1) and lowest (9.32 t ha-1) from intercropped with potato. The maximum maize equivalent yield (14.04 t ha-1), gross return (Tk.10,5300/ha),gross margin (Tk. 75,527/ ha),, and benefit cost ratio (BCR) (3.54) was obtained from maize + bushbean intercropping systems which was adventitious over sole maize cropping.Bangladesh Agron. J. 2015, 18(1): 49-52
Predictive Value of Circulatingve-catherin in Coronary Artery Disease Patients with Symptomatic Moderate to Severe Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Berezin Alexander E , Kremzer Alexander A , Samura Tatayna A
Published: November 2015

Aim: To evaluate the prognostic value of circulating VE-catherinfor cumulative survivalin patients with ischemic chronic heart failure (CHF).Methods: A total of 154 patients withischemic symptomatic moderate-to-severe CHF were enrolled in the study on discharge from the hospital. Observation period was up to 3 years. Blood samples for biomarkers measurements were collected. ELISA method for measurements of circulating level of VE-catherin was used. Concentrations of VEcatherinfor cumulative survival cases due to advanced CHF were tested. Additionally, all-cause mortality, and CHFrelated death were examined.Results: During a median follow-up of 2.18 years, 21 participants died and 106 subjects were hospitalized repetitively. Medians of circulating levels of VE-catherin in survived and died patient cohort were 0.63 ng/ml (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.55-0.64 ng/ml) and 1.03 ng/ml (95% CI = 0.97-1.07 ng/ml) (P<0.001). ROC analysis has been shown that cutoff point of VE-catherin concentration for cumulative survival function was 0.755ng/ml. It has beenfound a significantly divergence of Kaplan-Meier survival curves in patients with high (>0.755 ng/ml) and low (<0.755 ng/ml) concentrations of VE-catherin. Circulating VE-catherin independently predicted all-cause mortality (OR = 1.27; 95% CI = 1.081.59; P = 0.002), CHF-related death (OR = 1.16; 95% CI 1.021.50; P < 0.001), and also CHF-related rehospitalisation (OR = 1.12; 95% CI = 1.07  1.25; P<0.001) within 3 years of observation period.Conclusion: Increased circulating VE-catherinassociates with increased 3-year CHF-related death, all-cause mortality, and risk for recurrent hospitalization due to CHF.J MEDICINE July 2015; 16 (2) : 73-78
Role of Increased Exercise Therapy Time in Stroke Rehabilitation
Authors: Muhammad Ali Raja , Siddiqui Muhammad Asadullah , Mail Qaiser Jamal
Published: November 2015

Introduction: Stroke, is an important and well known cause of disability and physical impairment among adults all-over the world. The most commonly accepted treatment to rehabilitate patients with stroke is physiotherapy. The present review is an attempt to explain the impact of increased exercise therapy time (physical or occupational), compared to the normal duration of therapies in patients with stroke.Methods: We systematically searched electronic databases including Medline, Scopus, PubMed, CINAHL, and Cochrane to review published literaturein this area. Electronic searches have shown limited studies, which investigates the effects or no effects of increased duration of physiotherapy in patients following an attack of stroke. Articles, which reported on healthy participants i.e. people without stroke, were excluded. Also excluded were primary prevention studies, economic evaluations, and simple case reports.Results: A total of 175articles were identified using the keywords in the above mentioned databases. However, following the designedinclusion and exclusion criteria for this review only 11articles were included in this review.Conclusion: The result of this review supports the substantiate effectiveness of increased duration of exercise therapy among patients with stroke, as it has a favourable effect on activities of daily living. However, further research is needed in this area due to limited availability of high quality published evidence.J MEDICINE July 2015; 16 (2) : 105-111
The Role of the Decision-Making Regime on Cooperation in a Workgroup Social Dilemma: An Examination of Cyberloafing
Authors: Corgnet Brice , Hernán-González Roberto , McCarter Matthew
Published: November 2015

A burgeoning problem facing organizations is the loss of workgroup productivity due to cyberloafing. The current paper examines how changes in the decision-making rights about what workgroup members can do on the job affect cyberloafing and subsequent work productivity. We compare two different types of decision-making regimes: autocratic decision-making and group voting. Using a laboratory experiment to simulate a data-entry organization, we find that, while autocratic decision-making and group voting regimes both curtail cyberloafing (by over 50%), it is only in group voting that there is a substantive improvement (of 38%) in a cyberloafer’s subsequent work performance. Unlike autocratic decision-making, group voting leads to workgroups outperforming the control condition where cyberloafing could not be stopped. Additionally, only in the group voting regime did production levels of cyberloafers and non-loafers converge over time.
Tidal Dwarf Galaxies: Disc Formation at \(z\simeq0\)
Authors: Lelli Federico , Duc Pierre-Alain , Brinks Elias , McGaugh Stacy
Published: November 2015

Collisional debris around interacting and post-interacting galaxies often display condensations of gas and young stars that can potentially form gravitationally bound objects: Tidal Dwarf Galaxies (TDGs). We summarise recent results on TDGs, which are originally published in Lelli et al. (2015, A&A).We study a sample of six TDGs around three different interacting systems, using high-resolution HI observations from the Very Large Array. We find that the HI emission associated to TDGs can be described by rotating disc models. These discs, however, would have undergone less than one orbit since the time of the TDG formation, raising the question of whether they are in dynamical equilibrium. Assuming that TDGs are in dynamical equilibrium, we find that the ratio of dynamical mass to baryonic mass is consistent with one, implying that TDGs are devoid of dark matter. This is in line with the results of numerical simulations where tidal forces effectively segregate dark matter in the halo from baryonic matter in the disc, which ends up forming tidal tails and TDGs.
A Kinect-Based System for Upper-Body Function Assessment in Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Moreira Rita , Magalhães André , Oliveira Hélder
Published: November 2015

Common breast cancer treatment techniques, such as radiation therapy or the surgical removal of the axillary lymphatic nodes, result in several impairments in women’s upper-body function. These impairments include restricted shoulder mobility and arm swelling. As a consequence, several daily life activities are affected, which contribute to a decreased quality of life (QOL). Therefore, it is of extreme importance to assess the functional restrictions caused by cancer treatment, in order to evaluate the quality of procedures and to avoid further complications. Although the research in this field is still very limited and the methods currently available suffer from a lack of objectivity, this highlights the relevance of the pioneer work presented in this paper, which aims to develop an effective method for the evaluation of the upper-body function, suitable for breast cancer patients. For this purpose, the use of both depth and skeleton data, provided by the Microsoft Kinect, is investigated to extract features of the upper-limbs motion. Supervised classification algorithms are used to construct a predictive model of classification, and very promising results are obtained, with high classification accuracy.
Pointwise Reconstruction of Wave Functions from Their Moments through Weighted Polynomial Expansions: An Alternative Global-Local Quantization Procedure
Authors: Handy Carlos , Vrinceanu Daniel , Marth Carl , Brooks Harold
Published: November 2015

Many quantum systems admit an explicit analytic Fourier space expansion, besides the usual analytic Schrödinger configuration space representation. We argue that the use of weighted orthonormal polynomial expansions for the physical states (generated through the power moments) can define an L2 convergent, non-orthonormal, basis expansion with sufficient pointwise convergent behaviors, enabling the direct coupling of the global (power moments) and local (Taylor series) expansions in configuration space. Our formulation is elaborated within the orthogonal polynomial projection quantization (OPPQ) configuration space representation previously developed The quantization approach pursued here defines an alternative strategy emphasizing the relevance of OPPQ to the reconstruction of the local structure of the physical states.
Challenges in Commercializing Biomimetic Membranes
Authors: Perry Mark , Madsen Steen , Jørgensen Tine , Braekevelt Sylvie , Lauritzen Karsten , Hélix-Nielsen Claus
Published: November 2015

The discovery of selective water channel proteins—aquaporins—has prompted growing interest in using these proteins, as the building blocks for designing new types of membranes. However, as with any other new and potentially disruptive technology, barriers for successful market entry exist. One category includes customer-related barriers, which can be influenced to some extent. Another category includes market-technical-related barriers, which can be very difficult to overcome by an organization/company aiming at successfully introducing their innovation on the market—in particular if both the organization and the technology are at early stages. Often, one faces barriers from both these categories at the same time, which makes it necessary to gain insight of the particular market when introducing a new innovative product. In this review we present the basic concepts and discuss some of these barriers and challenges associated with introducing biomimetic aquaporin membranes. These include technical issues in membrane production and product testing. Then we discuss possible business models for introducing new technologies in general, followed by a presentation of beach-head market segments relevant for biomimetic aquaporin membranes.
Estimation of Evapotranspiration and Crop Coefficients of Tendone Vineyards Using Multi-Sensor Remote Sensing Data in a Mediterranean Environment
Authors: Vanino Silvia , Pulighe Giuseppe , Nino Pasquale , De Michele Carlo , Bolognesi Salvatore , D’Urso Guido
Published: November 2015

The sustainable management of water resources plays a key role in Mediterranean viticulture, characterized by scarcity and competition of available water. This study focuses on estimating the evapotranspiration and crop coefficients of table grapes vineyards trained on overhead “tendone” systems in the Apulia region (Italy). Maximum vineyard transpiration was estimated by adopting the “direct” methodology for ETp proposed by the Food and Agriculture Organization in Irrigation and Drainage Paper No. 56, with crop parameters estimated from Landsat 8 and RapidEye satellite data in combination with ground-based meteorological data. The modeling results of two growing seasons (2013 and 2014) indicated that canopy growth, seasonal and 10-day sums evapotranspiration values were strictly related to thermal requirements and rainfall events. The estimated values of mean seasonal daily evapotranspiration ranged between 4.2 and 4.1 mm·d−1, while midseason estimated values of crop coefficients ranged from 0.88 to 0.93 in 2013, and 1.02 to 1.04 in 2014, respectively. The experimental evapotranspiration values calculated represent the maximum value in absence of stress, so the resulting crop coefficients should be used with some caution. It is concluded that the retrieval of crop parameters and evapotranspiration derived from remotely-sensed data could be helpful for downscaling to the field the local weather conditions and agronomic practices and thus may be the basis for supporting grape growers and irrigation managers.
Optimal Nodes Selectiveness from WSN to Fit Field Scale Albedo Observation and Validation in Long Time Series in the Foci Experiment Areas, Heihe
Authors: Wu Xiaodan , Xiao Qing , Wen Jianguang , Liu Qiang , You Dongqin , Dou Baocheng , Tang Yong , Li Xiaowen
Published: November 2015

To evaluate and improve the quality of land surface albedo products, validation with ground measurements of albedo is crucial over the spatially and temporally heterogeneous land surface. One of the essential steps for satellite albedo product validation is coarse scale observation technique development with long time ground-based measurements. In this paper, the optimal nodes were selected from the wireless sensor network (WSN) to perform observation at large scale and in longer time series for validation of albedo products. The relative difference is used to analyze the spatiotemporal representativeness of each node. The random combination method is used to assess the number of required sites (NRS) and then to identify the most representative combination (MRC). On this basis, an upscaling transform function with different weights for each node in the MRC, which are calculated with the ordinary least squares (OLS) linear regression method, is used to upscale WSN node albedo from point scale to the field scale. This method is illustrated by selecting the optimal nodes and upscaling surface albedo from point observation to the field scale in the Heihe River basin, China. Primary findings are: (a) The method of reducing the number of observations without significant loss of information about surface albedo at field scale is feasible and effective; (b) When only few sensors are available, the most representative locations in time and space should be the first priority; when a number of sensors are available in the heterogeneous land surface, it is preferable to install them in different land surface, rather than the most representative locations; (c) The most representative combination (MRC) combined with the upscaling weight coefficients can give a robust estimate of the field mean surface albedo. These efforts based on ground albedo observations promote the chance to use point information for validation of coarse scale albedo products. Moreover, a preliminary validation of the MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) albedo product was performed as the tentative application for upscaling predictions.
A Monge–Ampere Equation with an Unusual Boundary Condition
Authors: Sedjro Marc
Published: November 2015

We consider a class of Monge–Ampere equations where the convex conjugate of the unknown function is prescribed on a boundary of its domain yet to be determined. We show the existence of a weak solution.
Mobilités, turnover relationnel et coûts de synchronisation
Authors: Lazega Emmanuel
Published: November 2015

Au cours des deux dernières décennies, la sociologie néo-structurale a développé une théorie de l’action collective basée sur l’observation et la modélisation des infrastructures relationnelles et des processus sociaux génériques (solidarités et exclusions, apprentissages et socialisations, régulation et institutionnalisation, contrôle social et résolution de conflits) qui aident les membres des collectifs organisés à gérer les dilemmes de leur action commune. Cette approche a laissé ouverte la question des déterminants macrosociaux de ces formes de coordination et de discipline sociale que les membres considèrent comme légitimes. Dans cet article nous abordons la question de ces déterminants en théorisant les mécanismes de co-constitution des niveaux macro et méso. Nous proposons ici de partir des phénomènes de mobilité et de turnover relationnel comme analyseurs de l’articulation ou de la co-évolution entre stratification et organisation, entre positions et processus, pour aboutir à une approche sociologique des coûts sociaux associés à chaque forme d’action collective. Nous appelons ces coûts sociaux, pour rester cohérents avec ce point de départ marqué par la temporalité, des « coûts de synchronisation » entre dynamiques propres aux niveaux d’action collective superposés qui se co-constituent en co-évoluant. Cette approche est associée de près aux récents travaux sur l’analyse dynamique des réseaux multi-niveaux, i.e. des systèmes articulant des niveaux d’action collective distincts et superposés, qui permettent d’envisager des mesures de ces coûts de synchronisation et les inégalités de leur distribution, notamment en identifiant et en reconnaissant l’importance des formes sociales de niveaux intermédiaires, entre réseaux interpersonnels et réseaux inter-organisationnels, qui sont transformées en organisations formelles par les acteurs sociaux en quête de pouvoir et d’« outils ayant une vie propre » (Selznick). Cette exploration aboutit à des suggestions concernant l’émergence de nouvelles formes de coordination dans divers domaines d’action collective (entreprises, associations, administrations publiques, marchés, industries).
Une brève histoire des pratiques de groupe en France
Authors: Maisonneuve Jean , Pinel Jean-Pierre
Published: November 2015

Cet article vise à retracer de manière synthétique les principaux moments du développement des méthodes de groupe. La perspective historique permet de soutenir l’hypothèse que l’évolution des pratiques groupales est étroitement liée aux crises et transformations institutionnelles et culturelles. Ainsi, l’extension de ces méthodes à l’ensemble du champ social paraît-elle constituer un révélateur du malaise culturel contemporain.
Méthodologie de conduite de groupe dans la perspective de l’ arip /Transition
Authors: Chevetzoff Philippe
Published: November 2015

Dans toute la diversité des situations, la conduite de groupe dans la perspective de l’ arip et de Transition va être déterminée par la représentation que le conducteur a du groupe. Cette conduite suppose que soient assurées des fonctions clairement repérables que sont la production, la facilitation et la régulation. Néanmoins, c’est l’analyse que le conducteur se fait du processus groupal qui va déterminer la mise en œuvre de ces fonctions ainsi que la centration du travail. La conduite de groupe se fait dans le cadre d’un dispositif de travail lui-même inclus dans un contexte institutionnel et organisationnel. Les données institutionnelles et organisationnelles vont avoir un effet majeur sur le travail de groupe et il est important d’en saisir les caractéristiques pour y mener un travail d’élaboration en groupe.
De l’objet médiateur à l’objet transformationnel : fonction thérapeutique et travail de la culture en institution
Authors: Maurin Souvignet Aurélie
Published: November 2015

L’objectif de cet article est de nourrir l’actuelle réflexion, au croisement des champs de la psychanalyse et de la psychosociologie, sur la nécessité d’une approche créative et participative, médiatisée par des objets culturels, dans les institutions et en particulier celles dont le principal projet est la socialisation des jeunes générations. Ce texte prend appui sur l’expérience clinique d’un dispositif d’intervention et de soin dans un collège francilien, et met au cœur du propos une situation clinique pour peu qu’elle permette de montrer comment l’usage des médiations (photos, jeux, écritures…) dans des petits groupes réunissant à chaque fois une petite dizaine d’adolescents, permet d’aborder et de comprendre la rencontre, pour ne pas dire le choc, des problématiques adolescentes avec les problématiques institutionnelles.
Conduite de groupe et intervention
Authors: Kessar Zahia
Published: November 2015

L’intervention psychosociologique vise un changement qui concerne une équipe, un établissement. La conduite de groupe dans une intervention prend appui sur un dispositif qui, le plus souvent, comprend plusieurs groupes dont les centrations de travail sont différentes mais en articulation. Dans le cadre d’un dispositif d’intervention, la conduite des groupes aura à soutenir l’élaboration de l’histoire, et de ce que fait vivre le changement ainsi que les conflits qu’ils suscitent, notamment en rapport à l’histoire de chacun dans l’institution. Elle consistera aussi à accompagner l’élaboration de nouvelles pratiques professionnelles et institutionnelles et à ré-instituer du travail de groupe. Nous tenterons d’explorer les particularités de la conduite d’un groupe réel, lorsqu’une des visées est l’articulation des différences de logiques, places, métiers, statuts, fonctions dans le fonctionnement d’équipe.
Groupes d’analyse de pratiques de soignants à l’hôpital général. Expérience d’une psychologue clinicienne
Authors: Pucheu-Paillet Sylvie
Published: November 2015

Cet article rend compte d’une pratique de psychologue clinicienne d’orientation psychanalytique animant des groupes d’analyse de pratiques dans le cadre de ses missions à l’hôpital général. Tout d’abord sont décrits l’évolution actuelle de la relation entre « soignants du corps » (médecins et paramédicaux) et soignés (personnes atteintes de pathologies graves ou de polytraumatismes) ainsi que les risques d’épuisement professionnel spécifiques de la fonction soignante. Ensuite est défini le cadre théorique sur lequel s’appuie l’animation de ces groupes par le psychologue qui fait lui-même partie de l’institution. Apparentés aux groupes Balint, ces groupes se centrent sur l’analyse de la relation de soins et des différentes interactions qui s’y déroulent. Le psychologue est là pour « aider à penser » les situations cliniques et leurs enjeux psychiques sous-jacents, à « expliciter » les éprouvés. Discussion : outre, les résistances à l’œuvre vis-à-vis de ce mode de formation qui privilégie le travail sur le ressenti des soignants, le contexte organisationnel des hôpitaux rend de plus en plus difficile leur mise en place.
Pratiques culturelles en ligne, en France et en Europe
Authors: Laurent Roxane
Published: November 2015

Depuis 2007, l’enquête annuelle sur les technologies de l’information et de la communication menée auprès des ménages des différents pays d’Europe permet de connaître le taux d’accès à l’internet et les usages numériques des internautes. En 2014, plus de huit ménages sur dix ont accès à l’internet en France et en Europe, même si le taux d’accès à l’internet à haut débit reste légèrement moindre (77 % des ménages en France), et marqué par un clivage entre les pays du Nord, très équipés, et ceux du Sud et de l’Est de l’Europe, qui le sont significativement moins. Les usages culturels numériques mesurés par la dernière édition de l’enquête en 2014 sont la lecture de presse en ligne d’une part, la consultation et le téléchargement de films, de musique et de jeux vidéo d’autre part et enfin l’écoute de radio en ligne. L’ensemble de ces usages concerne moins d’un internaute sur deux en France, qui se situe en deçà de la moyenne européenne. Les habitants des pays du Nord de l’Europe se sont largement approprié l’internet pour lire la presse, regarder des films, écouter de la musique, jouer à des jeux vidéo ou encore écouter la radio, tandis que le taux de participation est beaucoup moins important dans les pays du Sud et de l’Est de l’Europe. Si les jeunes générations restent les plus investies dans les pratiques culturelles numériques, l’enquête met en évidence la progression de ces usages parmi les internautes âgés de 55 à 64 ans, en particulier en France. Moins de la moitié des Français (47 %) ont regardé, écouté, joué en ligne ou téléchargé des films, de la musique, des images ou des jeux, contre 49 % en moyenne européenne ; 34 % des internautes français écoutent la radio en ligne, et 46 % lisent la presse en ligne, ce qui situe la France en queue du classement européen. En France comme en Europe, moins d’un internaute sur quatre réalise des achats de biens culturels en ligne : 15 % d’internautes français achètent des films ou de la musique en ligne en 2014, 21 % des billets de spectacles culturels ou de loisirs et 24 % des livres, des magazines ou du matériel éducatif. Enfin le stockage et le partage de contenus culturels sur le nuage numérique restent peu répandus et concernent près d’un tiers des internautes.
Immigration forcée : de l’imaginaire traumatique aux interventions clinico-politiques
Authors: Debieux-Rosa Miriam
Published: November 2015

Cet article part des fondements de la psychanalyse pour aborder les stratégies clinico-politiques utilisées avec des migrants récemment arrivés à São Paulo, Brésil, après des situations de migration forcée et de violence. Il remet en cause l’utilisation de la notion de traumatisme pour caractériser les migrants et les réfugiés dans la mesure où elle exclut la dimension politique à la base des événements violents (Fassin, 2009), la dimension de choix du sujet et sa possibilité de traiter et de reprendre sa position subjective et politique. Le travail se vaut de la théorie de Lacan (1973-1974) pour établir la différence entre l’événement violent et la dimension du traumatisme en tant que trou, qui articule l’angoisse et le désir dans son propre temps, après coup, et fournit des éléments fondamentaux pour penser la tactique et la stratégie d’intervention clinique.
Sociopsychanalyse et psychofamilialisme. Sortir de la psychologisation du social
Authors: Prades Jean-Luc
Published: November 2015

L’article voudrait, dans un premier temps, faire le point sur les rapports de la sociopsychanalyse à la psychanalyse , rapports complexes et souvent mal compris, en montrant en particulier en quoi ils lui sont spécifiques au regard d’autres courants psychosociaux (en référence à Arnaud, 2004 ; Prades, 2014). Ce texte développera, dans un deuxième temps, l’analyse sociopsychanalytique de ce que Mendel appelle le « psychofamilialisme », concept qui ne se réduit pas dans son esprit à la simple définition d’une partie de la personnalité de chacun d’entre nous mais qui englobe par extension un fait et une conception du monde qui viennent partout « familialiser » nos relations aux autres et à l’environnement, nous conduisant à porter plutôt notre attention sur l’éclairage d’un phénomène sociologique majeur : la psychologisation des phénomènes sociaux . La troisième et dernière partie du texte montrera – à l’aide de la description d’une intervention sociopsychanalytique construite autour d’un dispositif institutionnel – la nécessité du dépassement de cet état « psychofamilial » pour qu’advienne et se développe ce que Mendel a appelé «  l’actepouvoir » , le pouvoir sur ce que nous faisons.
Une métapsychologie de l’intersubjectivité
Authors: Kaës René , Giust-Desprairies Florence
Published: November 2015

René Kaës dialogue avec Florence Giust-Desprairies sur son ouvrage L’extension de la psychanalyse (2015) dans lequel il pose les bases d’une métapsychologie qu’il nomme « de troisième type ». Cette nouvelle métapsychologie entend se distinguer par son ouverture à une conceptualisation et à une pratique qui ne se cantonnent pas à la dimension intrapsychique du sujet. Elle introduit le postulat de trois espaces psychiques coordonnés : l’espace intrapsychique, l’espace des liens intersubjectifs, l’espace des ensembles (groupe, famille, institutions). Est exploré comment cette métapsychologie de troisième type interroge la nature des objets que la psychanalyse peut connaître et les conditions de leur connaissance.
La diffusion de l’innovation sociale, un processus de changement multiforme
Authors: Besançon Emmanuelle
Published: November 2015

Résumé Cette contribution porte sur la diffusion de l’innovation sociale, appréhendéeici comme processus de changement multiforme, dans une perspective institutionnaliste. Posant l’hypothèse que le processus d’émergence de l’innovation sociale conditionne sa diffusion sur le territoire, nous nous appuyons sur une initiative, la Recyclerie du Pays de Bray, afin de mettre en lumière l’innovation sociale dont elle est porteuse ainsi que les changements qu’elle impulse sur son territoire à travers la diffusion de ses pratiques et la mise en place de dispositifs structurants.