bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Alk‐1‐enyl Tellurium Compounds
Authors: Avilov D. , Dittmer D.
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Tropospheric Chemistry of Aromatic Compounds Emitted from Anthropogenic Sources
Authors: Andino Jean M. , Vivier‐Bunge Annik
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Theoretical Investigation of Atmospheric Oxidation of Biogenic Hydrocarbons
Authors: Zhao Jun , Zhang Renyi
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Polymerization of α‐Hydroxy Acids by Ribosomes
Authors: Ohta Atsushi , Murakami Hiroshi , Suga Hiroaki
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxacalix[n](net)arenes
Authors: Maes Wouter , Dehaen Wim
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Neural distribution of nonapeptide binding sites in two species of songbird
Authors: Leung Cary H. , Goode Christopher T. , Young Larry J. , Maney Donna L.
Published: January 2009

Vasotocin (VT) and its mammalian homologue, vasopressin (VP), modulate many social behaviors in a variety of vertebrate species. In songbirds, the effects of centrally administered VT vary according to species, which may reflect species‐specific distributions of VT binding sites. Different radioligands used to map receptors in previous autoradiographical studies have revealed nonoverlapping distributions of VT binding, suggesting a heterogeneous population of more than one type of VT receptor. For two model songbird species, the white‐throated sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis) and zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata), we labeled putative VT receptors with two radioligands, [125I]ornithine vasotocin analog ([125I]OVTA) and [125I]linear VP antagonist ([125I]HO‐LVA). Competitive binding assays in the lateral septum showed that both ligands were effectively displaced by both VT and a related nonapeptide, mesotocin (MT), showing that these radioligands, which were developed to label mammalian nonapeptide receptors, label at least one population of related receptors in songbirds. [125I]OVTA labeled receptors throughout the telencephalon, diencephalon, midbrain, and brainstem, with a similar distribution in both species. In contrast, the binding of [125I]HO‐LVA was restricted to the septal area, dorsal arcopallium, and optic tectum in sparrow and was essentially undetectable in zebra finch. Because the avian brain is likely to express multiple types of VT receptors, we hypothesize that the binding patterns of these radioligands represent a heterogeneous receptor population. J. Comp. Neurol. 513:197–208, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Suppression of absolute instabilities in the flow inside a compliant tube
Authors: Hamadiche Mahmoud , Kizilova Natalya , Gad‐el‐Hak Mohamed
Published: January 2009

The stability of the steady flow of a viscous liquid through a thick‐wall, three‐layer, viscoelastic tube with different rheological parameters for each layer is studied. The temporal and spatial eigenvalues of the system are found. Influence of the material parameters of the layers and the Reynolds number on the spatial and temporal amplification rate of the most unstable mode is investigated. It is shown that the system can be in both absolute and convective unstable states. Effects of the rheological parameters of each layer on the amplification rate of the most unstable mode that represents an absolute instability are examined. It is shown that the absolute instability of the system can be converted into a convective instability, and in some cases the system can even be stabilized with an appropriate choice of the rheological parameters. The rheological parameters of the tube layers influence the system stability in different ways. While some of those parameters destabilize the system, others stabilize it. It is found that an anisotropic tube composed of layers possessing distinct rheological values can completely eliminate all absolute instability modes. The present model can be applied to blood vessels that are composed of three viscoelastic layers with distinct rheological properties and to distensible tubes conveying fluids in different technical devices. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A threestepped coordinated level set segmentation method for identifying atherosclerotic plaques on MR‐images
Authors: Gloger Oliver , Ehrhardt Matthias , Dietrich Thore , Hellwich Olaf , Graf Kristof , Nagel Eike
Published: January 2009

In this work we propose an adapted level set segmentation technique for the recognition of atherosclerotic plaque tissue on magnetic resonance (MR) images. The images are 2D cross‐sectional images and show different profiles fromex vivohuman vessels with high variability in vessel shape. We used a curvature‐based anisotropic diffusion technique to denoise the MR‐images.

The segmentation technique is subdivided into three level set steps. Hence, the result of every phase serves as constructive knowledge for the next level set step. By analyzing and combining carefully all available channel information during the first and second step we are able to delineate exactly the vessel walls by using and adapting two well‐known level set segmentation techniques.

The third step controls an enclosing level set which separates the plaque patterns from healthy media tissue. In this step we introduce a local weighting concept to consider intensity information for conspicuous plaque patterns. Furthermore, we propose the introduction of a maximal shrinking distance (MSD) for the third level set in the vessel wall and compare the results of the local weighting algorithm with and without the concept of the MSD. The incorporation of locally weighted intensity information into the level set method allows the algorithm to automatically distinguish plaque from healthy media tissue. The knowledge of the MSD can improve the segmentation results and enables to delineate tissue areas where plaque is most likely. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stress analysis with centrifugal load in non‐homogeneous materials by triple‐reciprocity boundary element method
Authors: Ochiai Yoshihiro
Published: January 2009

In general, internal cells are required to solve elastic problems with a centrifugal load in non‐homogeneous materials using a conventional boundary element method (BEM). However, in this case, the merit of the BEM, which is the ease of data preparation, is lost. In this study, it is shown that two‐dimensional elastic problems with centrifugal load in non‐homogeneous materials with variable mass density can be solved without the use of internal cells using the triple‐reciprocity BEM. A body force distribution is interpolated using boundary integral equations. A new computer program is developed and applied to solve several problems. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance of Markov models for frame‐level errors in IEEE 802.11 wireless LANs
Authors: Boggia Gennaro , Camarda Pietro , D'Alconzo Alessandro
Published: January 2009

Interference among different wireless hosts is becoming a serious issue due to the growing number of wireless LANs based on the popular IEEE 802.11 standard. Thus, an accurate modeling of error paths at the data link layer is indispensable for evaluating system performance and for tuning and optimizing protocols at higher layers. Error paths are usually described looking at sequences of consecutive correct or erroneous frames and at the distributions of their sizes. In recent years, a number of Markov‐based stochastic models have been proposed in order to statistically characterize these distributions. Nevertheless, when applied to analyze the data traces we collected, they exhibit several flaws.

In this paper, to overcome these model limitations, we propose a new algorithm based on a semi‐Markov process, where each state characterizes a different error pattern. The model has been validated by using measures from a real environment. Moreover, we have compared our method with other promising models already available in the literature. Numerical results show that our proposal performs better than the other models in capturing the long‐term temporal correlation of real measured traces. At the same time, it is able to estimate first‐order statistics with the same accuracy of the other models, but with a minor computational complexity. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Screening for the calstabin‐ryanodine receptor complex stabilizers JTV‐519 and S‐107 in doping control analysis
Authors: Thevis Mario , Beuck Simon , Thomas Andreas , Kohler Maxie , Schlörer Nils , Vajiala Ileana , Schänzer Wilhelm
Published: January 2009

Recent studies outlined the influence of exercise on the stability of the skeletal muscle calstabin1‐ryanodine receptor1‐complex, which represents a major Ca2+ release channel. The progressive modification of the type‐1 skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor (RyR1) combined with reduced levels of calstabin1 and phosphodiesterase PDE4D3 resulted in a Ca2+ leak that has been a suggested cause of muscle damage and impaired exercise capacity. The use of 1,4‐benzothiazepine derivatives such as the drug candidates JTV‐519 and S‐107 enhanced rebinding of calstabin1 to RyR1 and resulted in significantly improved skeletal muscle function and exercise performance in rodents. Due to the fact that the mechanism of RyR1 remodelling under exercise conditions were proven to be similar in mice and humans, a comparable effect of JTV‐519 and S‐107 on trained athletes is expected, making the compounds relevant for doping controls. After synthesis of JTV‐519, S‐107, and a putative desmethylated metabolite of S‐107, target compounds were characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and electrospray ionization (ESI)—high‐resolution/high‐accuracy Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Collision‐induced dissociation pathways were suggested based on the determination of elemental compositions of product ions and H/D‐exchange experiments. The most diagnostic product ion of JTV‐519 was found at m/z 188 (representing the 4‐benzyl‐1‐methyl piperidine residue), and S‐107 as well as its desmethylated analog yielded characteristic fragments at m/z 153 and 138 (accounting for 1‐methoxy‐4‐methylsulfanyl‐benzene and 4‐methoxy‐benzenethiol residues, respectively). The analytes were implemented in existing doping control screening procedures based on liquid chromatography, multiple reaction monitoring and simultaneous precursor ion scanning modes using a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. Validation items such as specificity, recovery (68–92%), lower limit of detection (0.1–0.2 ng/mL), intraday (5.2–18.5%) and interday (8.7–18.8%) precision as well as ion suppression/enhancement effects were determined. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vibrational spectroscopic study of salbutamol hemisulphate
Authors: Ali H. R. H. , Edwards H. G. M. , Kendrick J. , Scowen I. J.
Published: January 2009

Salbutamol hemisulphate is a relatively selective β2‐adrenergic agonist and is used as a bronchodilator. In this work, we present a detailed vibrational spectroscopic investigation of salbutamol hemisulphate using mid‐infrared and near‐infrared Fourier‐transform (NIR‐FT) Raman spectroscopies. These data are supported by quantum chemical calculations, which allow us to characterise the vibrational spectra of this compound reasonably. As such, this study could be viable for examining the way in which this drug interacts with its target molecules. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Annual banned‐substance review: the Prohibited List 2008—analytical approaches in human sports drug testing
Authors: Thevis Mario , Kuuranne Tiia , Geyer Hans , Schänzer Wilhelm
Published: January 2009

The list of prohibited substances and methods of doping issued by the World Anti‐Doping Agency is updated and modified annually based on most recent developments and scientific data. Compounds and methods are maintained, added, or removed from the list, or they are placed in so‐called monitoring programmes that have been established to obtain reliable data on the prevalence of particular substances and methods in‐ and/or out‐of‐competition. Consequently, doping control laboratories continuously update, modify and optimize existing screening and confirmation assays to ensure utmost comprehensiveness in detecting the prohibited and monitored substances as well as chemically and pharmacologically related analogs. The annual banned‐substance review for human sports drug testing critically summarizes recent innovations in analytical approaches supporting the detection of established and newly outlawed substances and methods of doping. Literature from January 2007 through September 2008 as indexed in Medline and Web of Science was screened and articles on detection methods for substances and methods of doping in humans were compiled according to the 2008 Prohibited List of the World Anti‐Doping Agency. Few new approaches were presented for individual doping agents and the majority of reports demonstrated new options for increasing the comprehensiveness of existing doping control assays. In addition, new techniques in separation and/or ionization of analytes complementary to commonly used procedures were described, which, so far, did not meet all requirements of sports drug testing. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Convenient Approach to Polycyclic Derivatives with a cis‐Fused 2,6‐Dioxabicyclo[4.3.0]nonane System by the Sequence Ring‐Opening/Intramolecular Ring‐Closing Enyne Metathesis/Diels–Alder Reaction
Authors: Aljarilla Ana , Murcia Maria C. , Csákÿ Aurelio G. , Plumet Joaquín
Published: January 2009

7‐Oxanorbornene derivatives functionalized with alkyneappendages undergo intramolecular enyne metathesis reactions to give cis‐fused 2,6‐dioxabicyclo[4.3.0]nonane derivatives. These compounds have a diene functionality thatallows their reaction with dienophiles (N‐phenylmaleimide) to yield densely functionalized polycyclic compounds. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Synthesis of β‐(1→2)‐Linked Oligomannosides
Authors: Poláková Monika , Roslund Mattias U. , Ekholm Filip S. , Saloranta Tiina , Leino Reko
Published: January 2009

β‐(1→2)‐Linked oligomannosides constitute an important class of carbohydrate structures located on the cell surface of several Candida species, including C. albicans. As a result of the immunostimulating properties of such compounds, the upscaling of their synthesis is relevant. In this paper, a highly stereoselective synthesis of β‐(1→2)‐linked oligomannosides was performed by further development of and modifications to the methodologies described earlier in the literature. In addition to the synthesis of fully deprotected β‐(1→2)‐linked mannobiose and mannotriose, some preliminary modifications to the oligosaccharide core, resulting in close analogues with biological potential, are presented. The fully deprotected products form potential targets for screening against C. albicans and may also result in new model structures for vaccine development.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Hydroarylation Reactions of Alkynes Through Direct Functionalization of C–H Bonds: A Convenient Tool for Organic Synthesis
Authors: Kitamura Tsugio
Published: January 2009

Direct functionalization of aromatic C–H bonds with alkynes provides an efficient synthetic protocol involving fewer reaction steps without need for prefunctionalization. This microreview presents an overview of the recently developed transition‐metal‐catalyzed hydroarylation reactions of alkynes. Special attention is paid to hydroarylation through alkyne activation processes and through arene activation processes.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Narcissism and well‐being: A longitudinal perspective
Authors: Zuckerman Miron , O'Loughlin Ryan E.
Published: January 2009

This study used a longitudinal design to examine both concurrent and prospective relations between narcissism and several indicators of well‐being in a non‐clinical population. Consistent with previous research, the concurrent analyses showed that (1) narcissism was related to greater well‐being with self‐esteem fully mediating the association, and (2) narcissism was related to greater self‐esteem contingency on negative interpersonal events. The prospective analyses showed that greater well‐being predicted an increase in narcissism; however, higher narcissism did not predict changes in well‐being. Lower affective reactivity to negative interpersonal events also predicted an increase in narcissism. The “would‐be” narcissist appears to be a person reporting feeling well and not overly concerned by an aversive social environment. However, narcissism does not appear to predict future benefits for one's well‐being. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PMS2 involvement in patients suspected of Lynch syndrome
Authors: Niessen Renée C. , Kleibeuker Jan H. , Westers Helga , Jager Paul O. J. , Rozeveld Dennie , Bos Krista K. , Boersma‐van Ek Wytske , Hollema Harry , Sijmons Rolf H. , Hofstra Robert M. W.
Published: January 2009

It is well‐established that germline mutations in the mismatch repair genes MLH1, MSH2, and MSH6 cause Lynch syndrome. However, mutations in these three genes do not account for all Lynch syndrome (suspected) families. Recently, it was shown that germline mutations in another mismatch repair gene, PMS2, play a far more important role in Lynch syndrome than initially thought. To explore this further, we determined the prevalence of pathogenic germline PMS2 mutations in a series of Lynch syndrome‐suspected patients. Ninety‐seven patients who had early‐onset microsatellite instable colorectal or endometrial cancer, or multiple Lynch syndrome‐associated tumors and/or were from an Amsterdam Criteria II‐positive family were selected for this study. These patients carried no pathogenic germline mutation in MLH1, MSH2, or MSH6. When available, tumors were investigated for immunohistochemical staining (IHC) for PMS2. PMS2 was screened in all patients by exon‐by‐exon sequencing. We identified four patients with a pathogenic PMS2 mutation (4%) among the 97 patients we selected. IHC of PMS2 was informative in one of the mutation carriers, and in this case, the tumor showed loss of PMS2 expression. In conclusion, our study confirms the finding of previous studies that PMS2 is more frequently involved in Lynch syndrome than originally expected. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synovial sarcoma of the Eustachian tube
Authors: Lin Hsin‐Ching , Friedman Michael , Kuo Fang‐Ying , Huang Hsuan‐Ying
Published: January 2009

Background

Synovial sarcoma is a rare, aggressive high‐grade neoplasm with poor prognosis. Synovial sarcoma is usually encountered in the lower extremities of young adults; only a few cases have been reported in the head and neck region.

Methods

We describe a case of a 44‐year‐old man seen with a 3‐month history of progressive nasal obstruction. Nasoendoscopy revealed a pink polypoid mass filling in the entire right posterior nasal cavity. CT and MRI studies showed that a hyperintense mass on the right nasopharynx extending to the nasal cavity anteriorly and the oropharynx inferiorly. During the operation, the mass was noted as originating from the lower portion of anterior cushion of the right Eustachian tube. We endoscopically removed the tumor and part of the anterior cushion of the right Eustachian tube. Because of the large tumor size (7.0 × 3.5 cm), we took the tumor out transorally.

Results

The histopathology and genetic analysis confirmed the diagnosis of monophasic synovial sarcoma prominent myxoid pattern. The patient then underwent adjuvant irradiation to 64.8 Gy, and he was free of recurrence and distant metastasis in the 5‐year follow‐up.

Conclusion

To our knowledge, this is the first case report of synovial sarcoma of the Eustachian tube. Synovial sarcoma should be included in the differential diagnosis when managing the Eustachian tube region mass. Recommended treatment is surgery and postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009
Effectiveness of salvage selective and modified radical neck dissection for regional pathologic lymphadenopathy after chemoradiation
Authors: van der Putten Lisa , van den Broek Guido B. , de Bree Remco , van den Brekel Michiel W. M. , Balm Alfons J. M. , Hoebers Frank J. P. , Doornaert Patricia , Leemans C. René , Rasch Coen R. N.
Published: January 2009

Background

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of our careful observational strategy and neck dissections and the accuracy of ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration cytology, and to determine the prognostic factors for outcome and regional control after primary chemoradiation. Diagnostic evaluation of the regional status after concurrent chemoradiation for advanced head and neck cancer remains difficult, and the indications for a salvage neck dissection and its extent are not clearly defined.

Methods

In a series of 540 patients, there was suspicion of regional residual or recurrent disease after chemoradiation in 61 patients who underwent 68 salvage neck dissections and 68 patients who were considered unresectable. For the patients with salvage neck dissection, the accuracy of ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration cytology was determined. Disease control in the neck, disease‐specific and overall survival, and parameters that may have prognostic value for the outcome were evaluated.

Results

Neck dissection specimens contained viable tumor in 26 (43%) patients. Of these, 13 had selective neck dissections and 13 modified radical neck dissections. Ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration cytology had a sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 42%. Nine patients developed a regional recurrence after salvage neck dissection (5 located in contralateral neck). Five‐year regional control and overall survival rates were 79% and 36%, respectively. Significant prognostic factors for overall survival were surgical margins and “residual versus recurrent disease” in multivariate analysis.

Conclusion

Considering the good regional control rate and the high rate of unnecessary neck dissections with a theoretical planned neck dissection strategy, we conclude that a careful observational strategy is worthwhile and safe. For the evaluation of radiation treatment response, ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration cytology has a low specificity. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009
Endoscopic laser surgery of early glottic cancer: Involvement of the anterior commissure
Authors: Rödel Ralph M. W. , Steiner Wolfgang , Müller Roland M. , Kron Martina , Matthias Christoph
Published: January 2009

Background

Early glottic cancer can be cured with transoral laser resection, but in cases with anterior commissure involvement, there is still controversy concerning the best treatment modality.

Methods

The impact of anterior commissure involvement on local control was analyzed in a retrospective review of 444 patients with early glottic cancer (pT1a–pT2a) treated between 1986 and 2004 with transoral laser microsurgical resection.

Results

The anterior commissure was involved in 153 cases; the 5‐year local control rate with and without anterior commissure involvement was 73% versus 89% for T1a and 68% versus 86% for T1b tumors. For T2a lesions, the 5‐year local control rate was 76%, irrespective of anterior commissure involvement.

Conclusion

In early glottic cancer treated by transoral laser microsurgery, a decrease in local control is evident in case of anterior commissure involvement for T1a and T1b but not for T2a tumors. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009
Alternative reconstructive choices for anterolateral thigh flap dissection in cases in which no sizable skin perforator is available
Authors: Hsieh Ching‐Hua , Yang Johnson Chia‐Shen , Chen Chien‐Chang , Kuo Yur‐Ren , Jeng Seng‐Feng
Published: January 2009

Background

Alternative choices were proposed to facilitate a successful reconstruction when no sizable skin perforator is encountered in anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap dissection.

Methods

Alternative choices such as harvest of a tensor fascia latae (TFL) flap, elevation of an anteromedial thigh (AMT) flap, use of a free muscle component with full‐thickness skin graft coverage, and use of another donor flap were performed.

Results

Between August 1995 and December 2006, 10 of 923 patients underwent ALT flap elevation with no sizable perforators. Of them, each of the 4 patients received reconstruction with a free TFL flap, 3 with an AMT flap, 2 with a free muscle flap, and 1 with a radial forearm flap. There was 1 TFL flap failure due to postoperative venous thrombosis, and the defect was repaired by an AMT flap.

Conclusion

When no sizable perforator is encountered, successful reconstruction could still be achieved by the proposed alternative choices. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009
Positive personal changes in the aftermath of head and neck cancer diagnosis: A qualitative study in patients and their spouses
Authors: Ruf Michelle , Büchi Stefan , Moergeli Hanspeter , Zwahlen Roger A. , Jenewein Josef
Published: January 2009

Background

There is increasing evidence that serious and life‐threatening illnesses such as malignant tumors not only can lead to increased psychological stress, but also can lead to positive changes.

Methods

In this qualitative study, 31 patients with head and neck cancer and 25 women partners were interviewed with regard to positive personal changes (posttraumatic growth). The audiotaped responses were analyzed using qualitative context analysis.

Results

A total of 25 patients (81%) and their women partners (84%) reported positive changes. Qualitative content analysis revealed 3 different categories of growth: attitudes toward life, personal strength, and relationships. Partners reported significantly more positive changes in relationships, especially, within the partnership. The total amount of positive change was almost equal.

Conclusion

Positive personal changes are frequently reported by patients and by significant others. The total amount of positive change is almost equal in patients and their women partners, but wives experience more positive changes within the partnership. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 2009
A non‐randomized study to investigate the effects of the atypical antipsychotic aripiprazole on the steady‐state pharmacokinetics of lamotrigine in patients with bipolar I disorder
Authors: Schieber Frank C , Boulton David W , Balch Alfred H , Croop Robert , Mallikaarjun Suresh , Benson Jeannine , Carlson Berit X
Published: January 2009

Objective

To determine the effect of aripiprazole on steady‐state pharmacokinetics of lamotrigine in patients with bipolar I disorder who were clinically stable on lamotrigine (100–400 mg/day) for ≥4 weeks.

Methods

In this open‐label study, aripiprazole was administered at 10 mg/day for 3 days, 20 mg/day for 3 days, then 30 mg/day for 8 days. Blood samples were collected on Days –1 and 14 for determination of lamotrigine steady‐state pharmacokinetic parameters. Safety and tolerability were assessed.

Results

Eighteen patients were administered aripiprazole in combination with lamotrigine. Geometric mean (GM) values for lamotrigine maximum plasma concentration were similar for lamotrigine alone (26 ng/mL) and with co‐administered aripiprazole (23 ng/mL). GM values for plasma lamotrigine area under the concentration–time curve (AUCτ) were comparable for lamotrigine alone (434 ng/h/mL) and with co‐administered aripiprazole (394 ng/h/mL). MedianTmaxof lamotrigine alone and combined with aripiprazole was 1.98 and 0.77 h, respectively. No changes to lamotrigine dose‐normalized plasma trough concentrations were observed with co‐administered aripiprazole. Sixteen patients (88.9%) experienced ≥1 adverse event (AE), the most common of which was insomnia (n = 6).

Conclusions

Aripiprazole had no meaningful effect on lamotrigine steady‐state pharmacokinetics in patients with bipolar I disorder. No dosage adjustment of lamotrigine is required and the combination was generally safe and well tolerated. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinical psychology training in sleep and sleep disorders
Authors: Meltzer Lisa J. , Phillips Cindy , Mindell Jodi A.
Published: January 2009

There is growing evidence to suggest that clinical psychologists would benefit from more training in sleep and sleep disorders. Sleep disturbances are commonly comorbid with mental health disorders and this relationship is often bidirectional. In addition, psychologists have become integral members of multidisciplinary sleep medicine teams and there are not enough qualified psychologists to meet the clinical demand. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the current education on sleep and sleep disorders provided to clinical psychology predoctoral students and interns. Directors of graduate programs and internships (N=212) completed a brief online survey on sleep education in their program. Only 6% of programs offers formal didactic courses in sleep, with 31% of programs offering training in the treatment of sleep disorders. There are few programs with sleep faculty (16%), and most reported that their institutions were ineffective in providing sleep education. Thirty‐nine percent of training directors reported they would implement a standard curriculum on sleep, if available. The findings from this study suggest that more opportunities are needed for trainees in clinical psychology to gain didactic and clinical experience with sleep and sleep disorders. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 65:1–14, 2009.
Next steps for clinicians in religious and spiritual therapy: an endpiece
Authors: Aten Jamie D. , Worthington Everett L.
Published: January 2009

To conclude this issue of the Journal of Clinical Psychology: In Session, the authors identify several next steps for clinicians interested in religious and spiritual therapy. They call for more clinically useful definitions of religion and spirituality and suggest that new methods of clinical practice that employ both Western and Eastern religion and spirituality need to be developed and tested. The need for more clinically focused religious and spiritual assessments is highlighted. They recommend greater clergy–psychotherapist collaboration and propose that clinicians lead and collaborate with researchers to further meaningful research on religion and spirituality. Finally, the authors identify areas of graduate training that require strengthening and provide corresponding guidelines. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 65:1–6, 2009.
Crown formation during tooth development and tissue engineering
Authors: Nait Lechguer Adnane , Kuchler‐Bopp Sabine , Lesot Herve
Published: January 2009

Considering tooth crown engineering, three main parameters have to be taken into account: (1) the relationship between crown morphology and tooth functionality, (2) the growth of the organ, which is hardly compatible with the use of preformed scaffolds, and (3) the need for easily available nondental competent cell sources. In vitro reassociation experiments using either dental tissues or bone marrow‐derived cells (BMDC) have been designed to get information about the mechanisms to be preserved in order to allow crown engineering. As the primary enamel knot (PEK) is involved in signaling crown morphogenesis, the formation and fate of this structure was investigated (1) in heterotopic reassociations between embryonic day 14 (ED14) incisor and molar enamel organs and mesenchymes, and (2) in reassociations between ED14 molar enamel organs and BMDC. A PEK formed in cultured heterotopic dental tissue reassociations. The mesenchyme controls the fate of the EK cells, incisor or molar‐specific using apoptosis as criterion, and functionality to drive single/multiple cusps tooth development. Although previous investigations showed that they might differentiate as odontoblast‐ or ameloblast‐like cells, BMDC reassociated to an enamel organ could not support the development of multicusp teeth. These cells apparently could neither maintain nor stimulate the formation of a PEK. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 312B:399–407, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of [3H]ABT‐518, a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor (MMPI) labeled in the phenyl rings
Authors: Raja Shirish N. , Surber Bruce W. , Du Jia , Cross Jeffrey L.
Published: January 2009

A novel matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor, ABT‐518, [S‐(R*, R*)]‐N‐[1‐(2, 2‐dimethyl‐1,3‐dioxol‐4‐yl)‐2‐[[4‐[4‐(trifluoromethoxy)‐phenoxy]phenyl]sulfonyl]ethyl]‐N‐hydroxyformamide, was labeled with tritium in two phenyl rings in a seven‐step synthesis. The overall radiochemical yield of [3H]ABT‐518 in seven steps starting from 1‐(methylsulfonyl)‐4‐[4‐(trifluoromethoxy)phenoxy]benzene was 6.2% with the radiochemical purity of 99.4%. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gene cloning and utility phophorylation assay of a protein‐fused substrate for a highly sensitive detection of cdc2 protein kinase using a radioisotope detection technique for the development of a protein biochip
Authors: Ko Kyong‐Cheol , Choi Mi Hee , Park Sang Hyun
Published: January 2009

The prototype of the cdc2 protein kinase in mammalian cells regulates its entry into mitosis by phosphorylating a group of key proteins in the major cell cycle transitions. In this study, using the mep45 gene encoding the 45 kDa major envelope protein (Mep45) of Selenomonas ruminantium, a rumen bacteria, a Mep45‐fused substrate (PKTPKKAKKL‐Mep45, MFS‐cdc2) was cloned to detect the activity of cdc2 protein kinase. We report here on a strategy for the detection of a phosphorylation of a substrate catalyzed by cdc2 protein kinase by using a radioisotope detection technique. It is possible to constantly obtain a reasonable quantity of MFS‐cdc2 for the cdc2 protein kinase assay and its cost can be as low as a synthesized peptide. Results of the study indicate that the Mep45‐fused protein can be used effectively as a substrate for detecting the activity of cdc2 protein kinase and it can be used in developing a protein biochip for a high‐throughput screening and also for studying protein–protein interactions. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chemical cross‐linking with NHS esters: a systematic study on amino acid reactivities
Authors: Mädler Stefanie , Bich Claudia , Touboul David , Zenobi Renato
Published: January 2009

Structure elucidation of tertiary or quaternary protein structures by chemical cross‐linking and mass spectrometry (MS) has recently gained importance. To locate the cross‐linker modification, dedicated software is applied to analyze the mass or tandem mass spectra (MS/MS). Such software requires information on target amino acids to limit the data analysis time. The most commonly used homobifunctional N‐hydroxy succinimide (NHS) esters are often described as reactive exclusively towards primary amines, although side reactions with tyrosine and serine have been reported. Our goal was to systematically study the reactivity of NHS esters and derive some general rules for their attack of nucleophilic amino acid side chains in peptides. We therefore studied the cross‐linking reactions of synthesized and commercial model peptides with disuccinimidyl suberate (DSS). The first reaction site in all cases was expectedly the α‐NH2‐group of the N‐terminus or the ε‐NH2‐group of lysine. As soon as additional cross‐linkers were attached or loops were formed, other amino acids were also involved in the reaction. In addition to the primary amino groups, serine, threonine and tyrosine showed significant reactivity due to the effect of neighboring amino acids by intermediate or permanent Type‐1 cross‐link formation. The reactivity is highly dependent on the pH and on adjacent amino acids. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of acute agonist treatment on subcellular distribution of κ opioid receptor in rat spinal cord
Authors: Wang Yulin , Xu Wei , Huang Peng , Chavkin Charles , Van Bockstaele Elisabeth J. , Liu‐Chen Lee‐Yuan
Published: January 2009

We investigated whether acute treatment with agonists affected the subcellular distribution of κ opioid receptor (KOPR) in the dorsal horn of the rat lumbar spinal cord by using immunoelectron microscopy. Rats were injected intrathecally (i.t.) with U50,488H (100 nmole), dynorphin A(1–17) (15 nmole), or vehicle. The doses chosen have been shown to induce antinociception. Rats were perfused transcardially 30 min later, and lumbar spinal cords were removed and processed for electron microscopic analysis. KOPR was stained with KT‐2, a specific polyclonal antibody against the rat/mouse KOPR(371–380) peptide, followed by gold‐labeled secondary antibody and silver intensification. The silver grains were present in axons, terminals, dendrites, and somata, and the association with plasma membranes was quantified in dendrites, because KOPR immunoreactivity was most frequently observed in these profiles. In vehicle‐treated rats, ∼27% of KOPR immunoreactivity was associated with plasma membranes. U50,488H, i.t., did not cause a significant change in the percentage of KOPR present on plasma membranes, whereas dynorphin A, i.t., significantly decreased cell surface KOPR to ∼19%. In summary, these data indicate that U50,488H and dynorphin A differentially regulate the subcellular distribution of endogenous KOPR. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Putting first things first: Outcome and process focus in knowledge work teams
Authors: Woolley Anita Williams
Published: January 2009

This paper presents a new perspective on the management of outcomes and processes in a knowledge team's work. Knowledge teams frequently face complex, open‐ended tasks for which the a priori specification of goals and work processes is not possible. Such teams must define these work elements themselves; emphasizing one over the other can lead a team to become either outcome‐or process‐focused, with implications for the level at which they identify their activities and the flexibility with which they conduct work. A survey study of student teams and a field study of organizational teams test the effects of outcome versus process focus on performance. Consistent with prior findings, the first study demonstrates that outcome focus is positively related to performance on complex, open‐ended tasks and that team members' level of action identification mediates the effects of outcome and process focus on performance. Action research conducted as part of the second study demonstrates the importance of early events in a team's life cycle and the challenge for managers who hope to influence their teams to have a greater degree of focus on outcomes over process. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Occupational embeddedness and job performance
Authors: Ng Thomas W. H. , Feldman Daniel C.
Published: January 2009

While researchers have recently focused their attention on organizational embeddedness, occupational embeddedness has received little theoretical and empirical attention. Using multisource data on 162 employees in multiple jobs and organizations, we found that occupational embeddedness is positively related to both task performance and creativity and is negatively related to counterproductive work behavior, even after controlling for the effects of organizational embeddedness. In addition, we found that trait affect moderated the relationships of occupational embeddedness to job performance. Occupational embeddedness was more strongly related to counterproductive work behavior when trait negative affect was high, while occupational embeddedness was more strongly related to both citizenship behavior and creativity when trait positive affect was high. Results also indicated that the various components of occupational embeddedness had different effects on job outcomes. Fit had a strong positive effect on core task performance, links had a positive effect on creativity, and sacrifice had a small positive effect on citizenship behavior. The article concludes with a discussion of implications for future research and management practice. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role of El Niño/La Niña in temperature extremes over India
Authors: Revadekar J. V. , Kothawale D. R. , Rupa Kumar K.
Published: January 2009

El Niño and La Niña are well known to be associated with significant monthly/seasonal climate anomalies at many places around the globe. Therefore, an attempt is made in this study to analyse objectively defined indices of observed temperature extremes over India, in terms of their frequencies and intensities, in relation to El Niño/La Niña events using daily station data for minimum and maximum temperature at 121 well‐distributed stations for the period 1970–2003.

There is a characteristic change in the El Niño southern oscillation (ENSO)‐associated extremes with the onset of the summer monsoon in June; El Niño is associated with lower frequency of warm extremes during the pre‐monsoon months and with higher frequency of warm extremes during the monsoon and post‐monsoon season. The opposite features are seen in the case of La Niña. In addition, El Niño leads to an increase in extreme highest temperature, whereas La Niña leads to a decrease, during monsoon and post‐monsoon months. Strong antecedent relationship exists between ENSO index and various seasonal extreme temperature indices over the Indian region, indicating potential for long‐range prediction of temperature extremes. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Endoscopic CO2 laser cricopharyngeal myotomy
Authors: Pitman Michael , Weissbrod Philip
Published: January 2009

Objectives:

Over the past 10 years, endoscopic cricopharyngeal myotomy laser surgery has been proposed as an alternative to transcervical cricopharyngeal myotomy. We will describe the technique and review the literature so that it may gain credence as a viable option for the treatment of cricopharyngeal achalasia.

Methods:

A literature review of endoscopic and transcervical cricopharyngeal myotomy will be performed. The technical aspects of endoscopic cricopharyngeal myotomy will be presented and accompanied by intraoperative photographs, illustrations, and an online video demonstration.

Results:

Endoscopic cricopharyngeal myotomy is a well‐tolerated procedure with low morbidity and good outcomes. It can be performed by surgeons who are comfortable with transoral laryngopharyngeal laser surgery.

Conclusions:

Endoscopic cricopharyngeal myotomy is a viable alternative to classic transcervical cricopharyngeal myotomy with equivalent outcomes and comparable if not less morbidity. Laryngoscope, 119:45–53, 2009
Issues surrounding fish as a source of omega‐3 long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids
Authors: Tocher Douglas
Published: January 2009

Fish are a virtually unique, rich source of omega‐3 long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3 LC‐PUFA) in the human diet. This article describes the origins of ω3 LC‐PUFA in fish and the increasingly important role of aquaculture in the provision of fish for human consumption. It also highlights the major issues currently facing aquaculture, focusing on sustainability, driven by the urgent need to replace traditional fish oil and meal in formulated diets, and safety, driven by the requirement to reduce feed‐derived contaminants.
Standard Reference Materials to support measurement of fatty acids
Authors: Sander Lane , Schantz Michele , Sharpless Katherine , Wise Stephen
Published: January 2009

The National Institute of Standards and Technology offers a variety of natural‐matrix and solution‐based Standard Reference Materials (SRM) that are characterized for fatty acid composition. The natural‐matrix SRM are intended primarily for use as control materials, but other uses include method validation, the development of new analytical methods, and use as a component in achieving traceability of measurements. The use of complex‐matrix reference materials for instrument calibration is not recommended; solution calibrants are better suited to this task. In addition to calibration, solution SRM can be used as spiking solutions for fortification of samples, in studying extraction recoveries, for developing chromatographic separations, and as authentic standards for identifying constituents in more complex‐matrix extracts. The use of SRM to support the measurement of fatty acids is relevant to a broad spectrum of applications including compliance with and accuracy of nutritional labeling, food manufacturing tolerances (e. g., infant formulas), traceability of measurements for food exports, clinical nutritional measurements, and characterization of alternative energy sources (e. g., biodiesel). Currently, nearly 30 SRM are available with certified, reference, and information values reported for fatty acids. Additional SRM are under development that will complement these reference materials by providing fatty acid profiles in different types of matrices.
Double‐Hydrophilic and Amphiphilic Block Copolymers Synthesized by RAFT Polymerization of Monomers Carrying Chiral Amino Acids
Authors: Mori Hideharu , Matsuyama Motonobu , Endo Takeshi
Published: January 2009

Double‐hydrophilic and amphiphilic block copolymers with characteristic chiroptical properties (L‐L and L‐D types) were synthesized by RAFT polymerization. Five N‐acryloylamino acids with different hydrophilicity and chirality were employed, which included A‐(L)Phe‐OMe, A‐(L)Phe‐OH, A‐(L)Ala‐OH, and their D‐forms [A‐(D)Phe‐OH and A‐(D)Ala‐OH], respectively. The RAFT polymerization of the unprotected monomer using the hydrophobic and hydrophilic macro‐chain transfer agents provided well‐defined block copolymers. Chiroptical properties and assembled structures were evaluated by CD, UV‐vis and DLS measurements.

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Block Copolymer Synthesis via Chemoselective Stepwise Coupling Reactions
Authors: Bellas Vasilios , Rehahn Matthias
Published: January 2009

Chemoselective stepwise coupling between living polymers and a heterobifunctional‐linking agent is shown to be a powerful methodology for block copolymer synthesis. This synthetic strategy is based on the quantitative formation of end‐functionalized precursors in the first coupling step. These end‐functionalized precursors were reacted with further living polymers, thereby producing well‐defined diblock copolymers, triblock terpolymers and a tetrablock quaterpolymer. The behavior of chloro(chloromethyl)dimethylsilane, chloro(3‐chloropropyl)dimethylsilane and (bromomethyl)chlorodimethylsilane against macroanions of different reactivity, prepared through living anionic polymerization, was studied. It is demonstrated that the applicability range of the presented methodology is exceptionally wide, and expands the limits of conventional methods based on sequential monomer addition considerably.

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