bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fabrication, mechanical and electrical properties of polyimide films cured at low-temperature assisted by microwave radiation
Authors: Tao Kangkang , Qin Fei , Li Yahui , Zhang Shuai , Han Shihui , Liu Guangmin , Wang Jun , Shen Jun , Yang Zailin , Tang Yi , Sun Gaohui
Published: May 2022

Polyimide (PI) films with excellent mechanical and electrical properties were produced at a low temperature assisted by microwave. Depending on the reciprocating movement of dipole molecules excited by microwave, even though under a low temperature, the rotation and conformational changes of functional groups could also be promoted. Thus, reaction between N-H bond and -OH in carboxyl which could realize dehydration and cyclization of polyamic acid proceeded normally. Results revealed that the combination between ambient temperature only at 70°C and microwave power at 2000 W or higher could also produce PI films with imidization degree of 100%. For PI-2000W, compared with traditional PI film (PI-300°C) that generated only at temperature of 300°C, even though on the basis of no any change in molecular structure and addition of filler, the tensile strength, elastic modulus, crystallinity, and apparent density increased by about 21%, 51%, 37%, and 5%, respectively. For electrical properties, conductivity enhanced by one to two orders of magnitude comparing with PI-300°C. Results indicated that while keeping the original molecular structure of PI films unchanged, this work provided a new and effective method to assist the enhancement in mechanical and electrical properties of PI films.
Deployment of vapour chambers for electronic heat dissipation: state-of-the-art
Authors: Chitnis Swapnil , Dayal Ram , Arora Amit
Published: May 2022

Miniaturization and high performance are the two principal requirements of modern electronics. All commercial applications demand reliable performance at high operational efficiency for prolonged service life. In order to meet all these requirements, the cooling system should be able to handle large heat fluxes packed in compact spaces and take away the heat as soon as possible to avoid overheating of the chip. Phase change heat transfer devices can handle large heat fluxes on account of latent heating. Lately, vapour chambers (VCs) are found to be promising heat spreaders as they are passive two-phase heat transfer devices. They effectively eliminate the hotspots, transferring high heat fluxes with better efficiencies and offer lower thermal resistance compared to the conventional cooling techniques. A detailed review of the latest research and advancements in the field of VCs is presented in this paper, including the effect of different thermo-physical parameters on their performance. Finally, all the major findings are summarized, including the future scope of development in a systematic manner.
Investigation on design and control aspects of a new autonomous mobile agricultural fruit harvesting robot
Authors: Khare Divyansh , Cherussery Sandra , Mohan Santhakumar
Published: May 2022

This paper focuses its attention on investigating the mechanical design and control aspects of a new autonomous mobile agricultural robot being developed for the purpose of automated harvesting of fruits in plantations. The paper goes from discussing the need of automated harvesting of fruits and the problems involved to conceptualizing the design of such a robot and ends with a brief discussion on the control aspects of the robot.
Tribological characterization of sustainable Jute-Epoxy-Rubber crumb hybrid composite
Authors: Mahesh Vishwas , Mahesh Vinyas
Published: May 2022

The present work deals with three body abrasive behavior of Jute-Epoxy-Rubber crumb hybrid composites at different rubber crumb loading (0%, 5% and 10%). Three body abrasive wear tests are performed to determine the specific wear rate for different combination of proposed composites in terms of filler percentage, abrasive distance, and load. Results indicate that addition of rubber crumb as filler in the proposed composite results in enhanced resistance to abrasion. Statistical method, Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array is used to find the most influential factor affecting the abrasive behavior of the proposed composites. The outcome of the statistical approach revealed that the filler is the most influential factor influencing abrasion of the proposed composites. Experimental results are compared with the predicted results and it was found that they agree well with each other. The SEM micrographs studies reveal the dynamics of three body abrasive wear and underlying micro mechanisms that serve as determinant for wear performance of such composites.
New methods for dynamically substructured system testing of a railway car pantograph
Authors: Kobayashi Shigeyuki , Koyama Tatsuya , Harada Satoshi , Stoten David P
Published: May 2022

This study proposes new pantograph testing methods for railway pantograph/overhead catenary systems (OCS), based upon substructured testing consisting of a physical pantograph and a numerical OCS model. Hence, this work builds upon a previously presented work, (using the dynamically substructured system approach developed by Stoten and Hyde), which was conducted on a relatively simple mechanical structure in the Automatic Control and Test Laboratory (ACTLab), University of Bristol, UK.

In this current paper, the dynamically substructured system (DSS) testing method is applied to a real shinkansen pantograph, using various actuator/DSS configurations that have been implemented at the Railway Technical Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan. In the first of these tests, a conventional servohydraulic actuated rig is used to represent phenomena due to the dropper-passing frequency. Resulting DSS test data are compared with those generated by a numerical simulation of the emulated system, i.e. the system to be represented by the DSS experimentation.

Then, in the second set of investigations, the DSS method is used in conjunction with a new ‘rotational disc’ test rig that is arranged to be in dynamic interaction with the shinkansen pantograph contact head. This novel experimental system enables the investigation of dynamic interactions between the overhead catenary system contact wire and the pantograph head, due to span-passing. Again, results from this experimental investigation are compared with those generated by a purely numerical simulation of the emulated system.
Numerical studies on interactions between a centrifugal compressor and the back-propagated pressure waves originated from a pulse detonation combustor
Authors: Jie Lu , lingyi Wang , Hao Zhang , Longxi Zheng , Changxin Peng
Published: May 2022

In order to investigate the influence of the back-propagated pressure waves originated from a pulse detonation combustor on the operating characteristics of the compressor in the pulse detonation turbine engine, a model consist of a centrifugal compressor and an isolation section which was usually utilized to decrease the peak value of the back-propagated pressure waves was set up. Numerical simulations were carried out to study the interactions between the centrifugal compressor and the back-propagated pressure waves under different operating conditions. The matching characteristics of the compressor under the influence of the back-propagated pressure waves were analyzed in a detonation cycle. The results showed that the back-propagated pressure waves would push the shock wave in the isolator towards the throat position, but the shock wave did not pass through the throat for the compressor corrected speed of n = 100% and n = 105%. For these two cases, the back-propagated pressure waves were completely isolated and the operating characteristics of the compressor were the same as those under the steady outlet conditions. For the corrected speed of n = 50% and n = 90%, the shock wave in the isolator section was pushed out of the throat and the supersonic flow in the isolator section was destroyed under the influence of the back-propagated pressure waves. The back-propagated pressure waves would propagate upstream into the compressor. Consequently, the instantaneous mass flow rate and the torque acting on the centrifugal impeller was decreased. The work required by the compressor was also reduced. The equivalent isentropic efficiency of the compressor was decreased. The separation or backflow in the compressor caused by the back-propagated pressure waves would results in an equivalent isentropic efficiency loss of 3.2% points for the case of n = 90% and 15.6% points for the case of n = 50%.
Identification of ferroptosis-related molecular markers in glomeruli and tubulointerstitium of lupus nephritis
Authors: Wang Wenqian , Lin Zeying , Feng Jieye , Liang Qixuan , Zhao Jinjin , Zhang Gengbiao , Chen Ruilin , Fu Rong
Published: May 2022

Purpose

Ferroptosis, characterized by iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation, is a newly demonstrated form of programed cell death. Present studies reveal that ferroptosis is involved in tumor and neurodegenerative disease. Regarding its roles in the development of LN, it is least interrogated. In this study, we explored whether ferroptosis is activated and how does it change at transcriptomic level in LN.

Methods

4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) was stained to explore whether ferroptosis is activated. Subsequently, by using bioinformatic methods, public GSE32591 dataset was analyzed. Ferroptosis-related differentially expressed genes (FR-DEGs) were identified in both glomeruli and tubulointerstitium. Immune cell infiltration was evaluated. Correlation between FR-DEGs and infiltrated immune cells was also calculated. Finally, dataset of GSE113342, qPCR, and immunofluorescence staining were also used or performed to validate the results.

Results

Expression of 4-HNE was significantly increased in both glomeruli and tubulointerstitium. At transcriptomic level, 19 FR-DEGs in glomeruli and 15 FR-DEGs in tubulointerstitium including genes of iron metabolism, antioxidant system inhibitors, and ferroptosis suppressors were significantly altered in LN. Of which, LTF, CYBB, and CCL5 were upregulated and G0S2 and AKR1C1 were downregulated in both glomeruli and tubulointerstitium of LN. qPCR further validated the alteration of LTF, CYBB, CCL5, G0S2, and AKR1C1 in the whole kidney. Correlation analysis showed that CYBB positively correlated with monocyte infiltration in glomeruli and positively correlated with response to therapy.

Conclusion

Lipid peroxidation was aberrantly activated in LN, suggesting the activation of ferroptosis. LTF, CYBB, CCL5, G0S2, and AKR1C1, especially CYBB, might be good biomarkers of ferroptosis in LN.
Marginality: A Critical Review of the Concept
Authors: Varghese Charles , Kumar Sheethal S.
Published: May 2022

Marginality is a widely used concept in the literature on inequality and development. It has gained momentum, especially in the context of rising inequality in the post-liberalised and globalised world. This article looks into the evolution of marginality, analyses its role in the developmental discourse and argues that the interrelation between objective and subjective aspects of marginality constitutes the idea of it. This discussion identifies marginality as a measure of inequality in a given social context and time and indicates the degree of inequality experienced by individuals or groups. The article is divided into four parts. The first part looks into the change in meaning and components of marginality. The second part discusses marginality with other closely related concepts such as exclusion, poverty, the culture of poverty and precarity. The third part engages with the constituents of the marginal situation, and the fourth part discusses different typologies available to understand the dimensions of marginality.
The Evolution of Indian Foreign Policy Towards Europe
Authors: Mohan Garima
Published: May 2022

This article traces the development of Europe–India ties through history, highlighting periods which laid down the fundamental structure of the partnership until the present day where the challenges presented by China’s rise and a search for the diversification of partnerships have driven Europe and India closer. The article looks at where Europe, particularly the EU, sits in India’s broader foreign policy and argues that while Europe and India are still not fully aligned on all issues—particularly the extent of threats posed by China—there is finally enough convergence for the actors to build a broad-based partnership beyond just trade and commerce.
Single-ply elastic properties determination in CFRP laminates using a combined ultrasonic method
Authors: Zhao Jinling , Ji Hongli , Qiu Jinhao , Zhang Chao , Zhao Jianping , Li Nian
Published: May 2022

Estimation of the elastic properties in composite laminates is very important. Researchers usually consider the laminate as a whole and identify its equivalent stiffness properties. However, determining the elastic properties of each layer within a laminate can provide more comprehensive information to the users. In this paper, an ultrasonic method is proposed to reconstruct the single-ply elastic properties by combing bulk and guided waves. Herein, a novel double-side-transmitted bulk wave method is developed to identify the stacking sequences, providing the necessary information for further evaluation of the single-ply elastic properties. The double-side-transmitted bulk wave method is demonstrated under various layup scenarios, allowing the detection of more layers than conventional techniques. The laser-generated guided wave velocities are then inverted by genetic algorithms (GAs) to reconstruct the single-ply elastic properties. An effective indicator, the coefficient of variation, is designed to represent the accuracy of the identified single-ply material properties. And the experimental dispersion curves are in good agreement with the theoretical dispersion curves under the identified material properties.
An aftertaste of Cartesian salad? Pre-reflective self-consciousness, Peirce, and the study of cognition in the wild
Authors: Steiner Pierre
Published: May 2022

I situate the originality and the ambiguities of the target paper in the context of post-cognitivist cognitive science and in relation with some aspects of Charles Sanders Peirce’s anti-Cartesianism. I then focus on what the authors call « pre-reflective self-consciousness », highlighting some ambiguities of the characterizations they propose of this variety of consciousness. These ambiguities can become difficulties once one grants a crucial methodological role to this consciousness in the study of cognitive activities.
Exploring the notion of “from-within” through the concept of event
Authors: Renault Letícia
Published: May 2022

The target paper presents the foundations of the Course-of-Experience Framework, discussing a theoretical and methodological tool appropriate for addressing cognition in the wild and from-within. This commentary considers the meaning of from-within in this context. By relying on the enactive paradigm, the Course-of-Experience Framework focuses on singular experiences but does not take individuals as its starting point. Thus, from-within gains a very particular meaning that will be explored here through the concept of event, in Deleuzian terms, the event is neither subjective nor objective in the usual meaning of these words, even though it is a singularity, capable of producing both individual and collective effects. This concept prevents considering subjective experience as a property of individuals. The concept of event is valuable to elucidate the notion of “common experiential ground.”
Fusion-based advanced encryption algorithm for enhancing the security of Big Data in Cloud
Authors: Vidhya A , Kumar P Mohan
Published: May 2022

Every organization in this digital age is expected to exponentially increase its digital data due to generations from machines. The advanced computations of Big Data are now showing various opportunities for the researchers who work on security enhancements to ensure the efficient accessibility of the data stores. Our research work aims to derive a Fusion-based Advanced Encryption Algorithm (FAEA) for a cost-optimized satisfiable security model toward the usage of Big Data in the cloud. The FAEA method is evaluated for its performance toward efficiency, scalability, and security and proved to be 98% ahead of the existing methods of Security Hadoop Distributed File System Sec (HDFS) and Map Reduce Encryption Scheme (MRE). On the other hand, this work aims to address the problems of usage of Big Data in the cloud toward the sole solution, cost-effective solutioning, and proof of ownership. The outcome analysis of FAEA revolves around addressing these three major problems. This research work would be much helpful for the IT industries to manage Big Data in Cloud with security aspects for the decade.
A Case of Poorly Differentiated Synovial Sarcoma Arising in a Nasal Cavity Radiation Field: An Unusual Tumor in an Unusual Location
Authors: Jobbagy Soma , Bilek Melissa , You Bei , Shah Maya , Jobbagy Zsolt
Published: May 2022

Synovial sarcomas are high-grade soft tissue sarcomas of primitive mesenchymal origin which are defined by a pathognomonic t(X;18)(p11,q11) translocation, and which occur in pediatric and adult populations. Herein we report a case of a 33-year-old female with a history of nasopharyngeal carcinoma status post radiotherapy, presenting with a poorly differentiated synovial sarcoma of the nasal cavity arising in the radiation field. While the development of radiation-associated sarcoma is a known complication of radiotherapy, to date only 10 cases of synovial sarcoma have been reported to occur in previously irradiated tissues. Moreover, only 1 case of poorly differentiated synovial sarcoma involving the nasopharynx has been described.
Deep Learning Algorithms Improve the Detection of Subtle Lisfranc Malalignments on Weightbearing Radiographs
Authors: Ashkani-Esfahani Soheil , Mojahed-Yazdi Reza , Bhimani Rohan , Kerkhoffs Gino M. , Maas Mario , DiGiovanni Christopher W. , Lubberts Bart , Guss Daniel
Published: May 2022

Background:

Detection of Lisfranc malalignment leading to the instability of the joint, particularly in subtle cases, has been a concern for foot and ankle care providers. X-ray radiographs are the mainstay in the diagnosis of these injuries; thus, improving the performance of clinicians in interpreting radiographs can noticeably affect the quality of health care in these patients. Here we assessed the performance of deep learning algorithms on weightbearing radiographs for detection of Lisfranc joint malalignment in patients with Lisfranc instability.

Methods:

In a retrospective study, 640 patients with Lisfranc malalignment leading to instability were recruited plus 640 individuals with uninjured feet and healthy Lisfranc joint as the control group. All radiographs were screened by orthopaedic surgeons. Two deep learning models were trained, validated, and tested (in a ratio 80:10:10) using a single-view (anteroposterior) and 3-view (anteroposterior, lateral, oblique) radiographs. The performances of the models were reported as sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, accuracy, F score, and area under the curve (AUC).

Results:

No significant differences were observed between the patients and the controls regarding age, gender, race, and body mass index. The best deep learning algorithm outperformed our human interpreters (<1% vs ~10% misdiagnosis), 94.8% sensitivity, 96.9% specificity, 98.6% accuracy, 95.8% F score, and 99.4% AUC.

Conclusion:

Deep learning methods have shown promising potential in acting as an assistant interpreter of radiographic images in patients with Lisfranc malalignment. Developing these algorithms can hasten and improve the accuracy of diagnosis and reduce further costs and burdens on the patients and health care system.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, case-control Machine Learning study.
Validation of the PESI Scale to Predict in-Hospital Mortality in Patients with Pulmonary Thromboembolism Secondary to SARS CoV − 2 Infection
Authors: Muñoz Oscar M , Ruiz-Talero Paula , Hernández-Florez Catalina , Lombo-Moreno Carlos Ernesto , Casallas-Rivera Martha Alejandra , Mayorga-Hernández Carol Anne
Published: May 2022

Objective

To evaluate the discriminative ability and the calibration of the Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index (PESI) to predict in-hospital mortality in patients with Pulmonary Embolism (PE) secondary to COVID 19 in two hospitals in Bogotá.

Methods

External validation study of a prediction model based on a retrospective cohort of patients with PE secondary to COVID-19 treated at Hospital Universitario San Ignacio and Hospital universitario La Samaritana, between March 2020 and August 2021. Calibration of the scale was evaluated using the Hosmer-Lemeshow test and a calibration belt diagram. Discrimination ability was evaluated using a ROC curve.

Results

272 patients were included (median age 61.5 years, male 58.8%). PE was diagnosed in 45.6% of the patients at the time of admission. Of the remaining 54.4%, 95.9% received thromboprophylaxis until the time of diagnosis.17.6% of the patients died. Regarding calibration, the scale systematically underestimates risk in all classes of PESI. For class I, the ratio of observed/expected events was 4.4 vs 0.8%, class II 4.8 vs 1.8%, class III 15.2 vs 4.2%, class IV 14.3 vs 5.9% and class V 46.7 vs 5.8%. The calibration test rejected the adequate calibration hypothesis (p < 0.001). The discriminatory ability was adequate (AUC = 0.7128, 95% CI 0.63-0.79).

Conclusions

The PESI scale in patients with PE secondary to COVID 19 underestimates the risk of in-hospital mortality, while maintaining adequate discrimination. It is suggested not to use the PESI scale until it is recalibrated in this context.
Prevalence and Associated Factors of Substance Use Male Population in East African Countries: A Multilevel Analysis of Recent Demographic and Health Surveys From 2015 to 2019
Authors: Fentaw Kenaw Derebe , Fenta Setegn Muche , Biresaw Hailegebrael Birhan
Published: May 2022

Background:

East Africa is still home to one of the world’s highest rates of substance user. Substance use is primarily associated with male behavior and is becoming one of the region’s most public health issues.

Methods:

The study included data from 11 East African countries’ Demographic and Health Surveys. About 55 307 men were enrolled in the study and multilevel logistic regression model was applied

Result:

East African countries had a 43.70% prevalence of substance abuse coverage. Education level, age, current working status, marital status, wealth index, media exposure, residence, and nation were all found to be statistically associated with substance use of males.

Conclusion:

In East African countries, the prevalence of substance abuse among men was high. As a result, substance control programs should focus on the poor, not (least) educated, rural people, and adult age groups, who are the region’s most vulnerable social groups.
Does firm strategy influence corporate social responsibility and firm performance? Evidence from the tourism industry
Authors: Uyar Ali , Koseoglu Mehmet Ali , Kuzey Cemil , Karaman Abdullah S
Published: May 2022

In this study, we explore whether cost leaders and differentiators assume different positions in terms of corporate social responsibility (CSR) engagement. Furthermore, we deepen the investigation by examining whether shareholders appreciate cost leaders or differentiators' CSR engagement which bears implications for the firms and stockholders. The data concerning CSR, firm strategy, and board characteristics for all the companies belonging to the hospitality, tourism, and airline industry between 2013 and 2019 was fetched from Thomson Reuters, and fixed-effects panel regression analysis and Hayes’s moderation analysis methodology are executed. The findings indicate, first, that cost leadership is significantly associated with composite CSR performance and governance performance but not with environmental and social performance. Second, differentiation is significantly associated with composite CSR performance and environmental and social performance but not with governance performance. Third, moderation analysis revealed that cost leadership does not moderate the association between CSR performance in all dimensions and firm value, differentiation moderates the association between CSR performance in all dimensions and firm value negatively.
The experience of informal caregivers in providing patient care in hospitals in low- and middle-income countries: A qualitative meta-synthesis
Authors: Hogan Unarose , Bingley Amanda , Morbey Hazel , Walshe Catherine
Published: May 2022

Objective

In low- and middle-income countries, informal caregivers frequently stay in hospitals and perform patient care tasks typically performed by nurses in other contexts. This article reviews qualitative research on these informal caregivers, to gain insight and understanding of their experiences.

Methods

We undertook a qualitative meta-synthesis. Relevant literature was identified through searches of electronic databases in 2021. Thematic analysis was conducted to facilitate the identification of conceptual relationships to formulate synthesised findings.

Results

Twenty-four studies met the inclusion criteria – 13 from Sub-Saharan Africa, five from Bangladesh, two from India, two from Iran, one from Brazil and one from Peru. Three themes were generated from the meta-synthesis: (1) The unwelcome but tolerated guest, (2) Enduring personal sacrifice and (3) Fulfilling familial obligations. These themes emphasised the significant burden associated with the hospital caregiving experience and highlighted the implicit reliance on informal caregivers in low- and middle-income countries.

Conclusions

Informal caregivers perform an essential caregiving role, yet occupy a peripheral and voluntary space in hospitals. There is a clear need to support informal caregivers so that they can safely perform their tasks.
A systematic review exploring body image programmes and interventions in physical education
Authors: Kerner Charlotte , Prescott Amy , Smith Robyn , Owen Michael
Published: May 2022

Body image has implications for child and adolescent well-being. Schools have been positioned as a suitable site to provide body image education and support the development of body image; however, little is known about the role of physical education in body image education. The aim of this study was to systematically review the evidence on the content and effectiveness of physical education-based body image or body-focused programmes published between 2000 and 2021. Using seven databases (Web of Science, SCOPUS, EBSCO, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Science Direct, and SportDiscus), a total of 1185 non-duplicated articles were retrieved. The articles were selected using the following inclusion criteria: (a) intervention, programme or curriculum based in physical education that explores body image or related phenomena, (b) focused on children or young people, aged 18 years or younger, (c) conducted between 2000 and 2021, (d) quantitative and/or qualitative methods: and (e) published in English. Following the screening process, a total of 19 articles were included in this review. Results showed that most programmes reported successful outcomes, yet there was no consistent approach to the programme design and delivery. Physical activity and fitness-based programmes were the most frequently used intervention type, followed by critical sociocultural perspectives and programmes focused on movement experiences and body functionality. Whilst fitness-based programmes were generally effective in improving body image and related phenomena, future research should explore the mechanisms associated with these changes and further consider how sociocultural perspectives can be used to support body image programmes.
Acquired HIV drug resistance among adults living with HIV receiving first-line antiretroviral therapy in Rwanda: A cross-sectional nationally representative survey
Authors: Musengimana Gentille , Tuyishime Elysee , Kiromera Athanase , Malamba Samuel S. , Mulindabigwi Augustin , Habimana Madjid R. , Baribwira Cyprien , Ribakare Muhayimpundu , Habimana Savio D. , DeVos Josh , Mwesigwa Richard C. N. , Kayirangwa Eugenie , Semuhore Jules M. , Rwibasira Gallican N. , Suthar Amitabh B. , Remera Eric
Published: May 2022

Background

We assessed the prevalence of acquired HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) and associated factors among patients receiving first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Rwanda.

Methods

This cross-sectional study included 702 patients receiving first-line ART for at least 6 months with last viral load (VL) results ≥1000 copies/mL. Blood plasma samples were subjected to VL testing; specimens with unsuppressed VL were genotyped to identify HIVDR-associated mutations. Data were analysed using STATA/SE.

Results

Median time on ART was 86.4 months (interquartile range [IQR], 44.8–130.2 months), and median CD4 count at ART initiation was 311 cells/mm3 (IQR, 197–484 cells/mm3). Of 414 (68.2%) samples with unsuppressed VL, 378 (88.3%) were genotyped. HIVDR included 347 (90.4%) non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor- (NNRTI), 291 (75.5%) nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor- (NRTI) and 13 (3.5%) protease inhibitor (PI) resistance-associated mutations. The most common HIVDR mutations were K65R (22.7%), M184V (15.4%) and D67N (9.8%) for NRTIs and K103N (34.4%) and Y181C/I/V/YC (7%) for NNRTIs. Independent predictors of acquired HIVDR included current ART regimen of zidovudine + lamivudine + nevirapine (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 3.333 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.022–10.870]; p = 0.046) for NRTI resistance and current ART regimen of tenofovir + emtricitabine + nevirapine (aOR, 0.148 [95% CI: 0.028–0.779]; p = 0.025), zidovudine + lamivudine + efavirenz (aOR, 0.105 [95% CI: 0.016–0.693]; p = 0.020) and zidovudine + lamivudine + nevirapine (aOR, 0.259 [95% CI: 0.084–0.793]; p = 0.019) for NNRTI resistance. History of ever switching ART regimen was associated with NRTI resistance (aOR, 2.53 [95% CI: 1.198–5.356]; p = 0.016) and NNRTI resistance (aOR, 3.23 [95% CI: 1.435–7.278], p = 0.005).

Conclusion

The prevalence of acquired HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) was high among patient failing to re-suppress VL and was associated with current ART regimen and ever switching ART regimen. The findings of this study support the current WHO guidelines recommending that patients on an NNRTI-based regimen should be switched based on a single viral load test and suggests that national HIV VL monitoring of patients receiving ART has prevented long-term treatment failure that would result in the accumulation of TAMs and potential loss of efficacy of all NRTI used in second-line ART as the backbone in combination with either dolutegravir or boosted PIs.
A lesbian, gay and bisexual migration tale: On the role of intimate citizenship for transforming sexual subjectivities
Authors: Vuckovic Juros Tanja
Published: May 2022

This study examines the role of migrations for sexual subjectivities, based on biographic narrative interviews with CEE LGB migrants married or raising children with a same-sex partner in Belgium and the Netherlands. Migrants’ experiences highlight the salience of the migration-as-liberation with the empowering role of new beginnings in LGB-protective countries. At the same time, migrants’ stories also challenge this liberation tale, especially when situated within transnational family relations. In this context, migration and post-migration junctures differently impact sexual subjectivities, demonstrating fragmentations and non-linearity, and highlighting how migrations are only potentially transformative, with an important role played by full access to intimate citizenship.
Analytical model on progressive collapse resistance of prestressed precast concrete frame under middle column removal scenario
Authors: Li Zhong-Xian , Liu Haokun , Shi Yanchao , Ding Yang , Cui Jian
Published: May 2022

This paper investigates an analytical model on progressive collapse resistance of prestressed precast concrete (PC) frame structures. The analytical model is established based on a sub-frame with two stories and two spans under middle column removal scenario, in which the vertical resistance of two-span beam in each story is obtained according to force equilibrium and deformation compatibility of the beam. The tension-stiffening effect and bond slip of top bars near side joint interface are considered in the model to predict the collapse resistance of the beam at compressive arch action (CAA) stage and tensile catenary action (TCA) stage accurately. Besides, to consider the distinct mechanical behavior of beams in failed span in different stories in the process of progressive collapse, the model is related to the restrained stiffness of beam ends, which is determined according to deformation compatibility and force equilibrium of side column in frame. The accuracy of the analytical model is verified according to the results of tests and numerical simulation. Parametric studies are conducted based on the proposed analytical model to investigate the effects of structural parameters and boundary conditions on vertical resistance of the two-span beam in the failed span. The results show that increasing the length of dissipated segment of top bars can improve the structural ductility in progressive collapse, and increase the TCA capacity. Increasing the initial tension of steel strands can enhance the CAA capacity, but the effect of enhancement is alleviated with the increase of initial tension. The larger restrained stiffness can increase the CAA capacity of beam, and the translation stiffness has a more prompt effect on the vertical resistance of beam than the rotation stiffness.
Insights into the house dust-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their potential human health risk in Greater Cairo, Egypt
Authors: Hassan Salwa K. , El-Mekawy Asmaa , Alghamdi Mansour A. , Khoder Mamdouh I.
Published: May 2022

Data dealing with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) levels in settled dust of Greater Cairo houses (GCH), Egypt, and their implication on human health risk are scarce. The goal of this study was to gain insights into the characterisations of PAHs in settled dust in GCH and their associated carcinogenic and mutagenic risks. ƩPAH concentrations were 3125 and 268 ng/g in settled dust in GCH and rural houses (RH), respectively. Heavier congeners (4–6 aromatic ring PAHs) represented 86.5% (GCH) and 92% (RH) of ƩPAHs. Houses on main streets are exposed to higher levels of PAHs than those on the side streets. The main sources of PAHs in GCH and RH were vehicular emissions (pyrogenic sources) and PAHs in GCH come from local emissions and in RH from the surrounding urban cities. Results showed that the carcinogenicity of PAHs associated with dust exceeds their mutagenicity. Based on Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk (ILCR) estimations, the order of cancer risk (CR) was as follows: urban houses (UH) > suburban houses (SUH) > RH. CR and ILCRs calculations suggest that children and adults exposed to settled dust-bound PAHs in GCH and RH have an increase in CR, as CR and ILCRs values exceeded accepted levels.
Perspectives of undergraduate and graduate medical trainees on documenting clinical notes: Implications for medical education and informatics
Authors: Rajaram Akshay , Patel Nimesh , Hickey Zachary , Wolfrom Brent , Newbigging Joseph
Published: May 2022

Ensuring the accuracy of unstructured clinical notes is critical for patient care, research, and quality improvement. Understanding how trainees learn to document these notes and the challenges they encounter are important steps to developing educational and informatics solutions.

Authors conducted focus groups to gather the perspectives of 40 medical students (MS) and family and emergency medicine (EM) residents on recording clinical notes in the electronic medical record (EMR). Focus groups were audio recorded, transcribed, and thematically analyzed.

Thematic analysis with a deductive approach revealed: a lack of formal education, a shift from information gathering to documenting clinical reasoning with seniority, and barriers to charting development, including variable preceptor expectations and EMR design constraints.

Participating trainees report gaps in education around the documentation of notes in the EMR. Future work should explore opportunities to reduce gaps, including more formal education, the creation of specific competencies, and improvements to the EMR.
Multibody system dynamic analysis and payload swing control of tower crane
Authors: Li Kun , Liu Manlan , Yu Zuqing , Lan Peng , Lu Nianli
Published: May 2022

A new payload swing control method considering the vibration of tower crane is proposed in this study. The coupling between the structural vibration and the payload swing is neglected in existing studies on tower crane swing suppression. Changes of sling length are considered as disturbances. They cause the existing methods of swing suppression method ineffectual in the actual working situation. In contrast, the structural vibration of the tower crane is taken into account in this study. At the same time, the sling length is regarded as a control variable to reduce the payload swing. A new swing suppression algorithm is proposed in conjunction with phase plane analysis method. In addition, a systematical tower crane multibody system dynamic analysis platform with changing of sling length is established to verify the effectiveness of the algorithm. The traditional finite element method is used to model the tower body and boom of tower crane while the Arbitrary Lagrange Euler Absolute Nodal Coordinate Formulation (ALE-ANCF) cable element is applied for modeling the sling. This two parts are connected with sliding joint obtaining the tower crane multibody system model. Numerical examples show that the proposed method can reduce the swing amplitude the payload effectively when considering the coupling between the structural vibration and the payload swing.
Self-exciting point process modelling of crimes on linear networks
Authors: D’Angelo Nicoletta , Payares David , Adelfio Giada , Mateu Jorge
Published: May 2022

Although there are recent developments for the analysis of first and second-order characteristics of point processes on networks, there are very few attempts in introducing models for network data. Motivated by the analysis of crime data in Bucaramanga (Colombia), we propose a spatiotemporal Hawkes point process model adapted to events living on linear networks. We first consider a non-parametric modelling strategy, for which we follow a non-parametric estimation of both the background and the triggering components. Then we consider a semi-parametric version, including a parametric estimation of the background based on covariates, and a non-parametric one of the triggering effects. Our model can be easily adapted to multi-type processes. Our network model outperforms a planar version, improving the fitting of the self-exciting point process model.
COVID-19 and higher education in Vietnam: Systematically rethinking the quality assurance system and practices towards the ‘new normal’ in post-crisis era
Authors: Ngo Ha N , Phan Anh NQ
Published: May 2022

COVID-19 has spawned a critical shift in the landscape of higher education (HE) worldwide, entailing transformations of practices across the field, in which quality assurance (QA) for HE has also evolved to both reflect and stay adaptive to the ‘new normal’ formed during and beyond the pandemic. Against the COVID-19 context, this paper retells some of the existing debates for Vietnamese QA and accreditation activities, as well as identifies emerging challenges in QA practices in the post-pandemic era. Theoretically, the paper contributes a conceptual tool to examine the QA of the Vietnamese HE system, embracing three dimensions of teaching and learning, inputs and outputs. This further underpins our inquiry for QA practices in the Vietnamese HE context which has been scaffolded and developed accordingly. Drawn from a critical review and analysis of emerging policies and existing literature, practical implications and projections for the directions of Vietnamese QA in the future will be provided. This paper presents a timely insight for the process of policy-making and the implementation process of QA in Vietnamese HE during a time of uncertainties and looks towards building resilience to future crises.
Implicit-Bias Remedies: Treating Discriminatory Bias as a Public-Health Problem
Authors: Greenwald Anthony G. , Dasgupta Nilanjana , Dovidio John F. , Kang Jerry , Moss-Racusin Corinne A. , Teachman Bethany A.
Published: May 2022

Accumulated findings from studies in which implicit-bias measures correlate with discriminatory judgment and behavior have led many social scientists to conclude that implicit biases play a causal role in racial and other discrimination. In turn, that belief has promoted and sustained two lines of work to develop remedies: (a) individual treatment interventions expected to weaken or eradicate implicit biases and (b) group-administered training programs to overcome biases generally, including implicit biases. Our review of research on these two types of sought remedies finds that they lack established methods that durably diminish implicit biases and have not reproducibly reduced discriminatory consequences of implicit (or other) biases. That disappointing conclusion prompted our turn to strategies based on methods that have been successful in the domain of public health. Preventive measures are designed to disable the path from implicit biases to discriminatory outcomes. Disparity-finding methods aim to discover disparities that sometimes have obvious fixes, or that at least suggest where responsibility should reside for developing a fix. Disparity-finding methods have the advantage of being useful in remediation not only for implicit biases but also systemic biases. For both of these categories of bias, causes of discriminatory outcomes are understood as residing in large part outside the conscious awareness of individual actors. We conclude with recommendations to guide organizations that wish to deal with biases for which they have not yet found solutions.
Knowledge Meals, Research Relationships, and Postqualitative Offerings: Enacting Langar (a Sikh Tradition of a Shared Meal) as Pedagogy of Doctoral Supervision
Authors: Singh Kanwarjeet , Southcott Jane , Lyons Damien
Published: May 2022

In research, particularly within the pedagogies of doctoral supervision, the significance of relational experiences is less explored and understood. Such relational aspects determine the nature and quality of the doctoral research output and are a crucial element of successful doctoral completions. A conscious assessment, estimation and management of the vulnerable sensibilities surrounding these relation fosters a deeper insight into the way student-researchers and supervisors experience their doctoral journeys. In this paper, to feature the importance of these relational experiences and to accentuate ideas and concepts for pedagogical change, my co-authors and I forsake the repetitious and employ Langar - a Sikh cultural practice of congregational cooking and consumption of a shared meal as a postqualitative methodological alternative. We utilise the innovative insights of Langar to reflect on our own research experiences and demonstrate the complexities of ‘becoming’ researchers to explicate how a sometimes-distant cultural practice could induce a shift in our research thinking. In context of methodological approaches, and within an educational framework, we argue that such a shift may instil freshness into the way doctoral journeys and cognate supervision pedagogies are viewed, navigated, and experienced. Methodological innovation, we submit, may occasion pedagogical transformation.
Learning Each Other’s Language and Building Trust: Community-Engaged Transdisciplinary Team Building for Research on Human Trafficking Operations and Disruption
Authors: Martin Lauren , Gupta Mahima , Maass Kayse L. , Melander Christina , Singerhouse Emily , Barrick Kelle , Samad Tariq , Sharkey Thomas C. , Ayler Tonique , Forliti Teresa , Friedman Joy , Nelson Christine , Sortillion Drea
Published: May 2022

Background: Human trafficking for sexual exploitation (referred to as sex trafficking) is a complex global challenge that causes harm and violates human rights. Most research has focused on victim-level harms and experiences, with limited understanding of the networks and business functions of trafficking operations. Empirical evidence is lacking on how to disrupt trafficking operations because it is difficult to study; it is hidden and dangerous, spans academic disciplinary boundaries, and necessitates ways of knowing that include lived experience. Collaborative approaches are needed, but there is limited research on methods to best build transdisciplinary teams. Aim: The aim of this study was to understand how to form a community-engaged transdisciplinary research team that combines qualitative and operations research with a survivor-centered advisory group. Methods: We conducted a qualitative meta-study of our team that is seeking to mathematically model sex trafficking operations. Data were collected from the minutes of 16 team meetings and a survey of 13 team members. Results: Analysis of meeting minutes surfaced four themes related to content and style of communication, one related to value statements, and one capturing intentional team building efforts. Survey results highlighted respect, trust, integrity, openness and asking and answering questions as key aspects of team building. Results show that an action research approach to team building, focused on trust and communication, fostered effective collaboration among social scientists, operations researchers, and survivors of trafficking. Conclusion: Team building, shared language, and trust are essential, yet often neglected, elements of team science. This meta-study provides important methodological insights on community engaged transdisciplinary team formation to tackle vexing social challenges.