bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Under the hood: lay counsellor element use in a modular multi-problem transdiagnostic intervention in lower resource countries
Authors: Murray Laura K. , Haroz Emily E. , Pullmann Michael D. , Dorsey Shannon , Kane Jeremy , Augustinavicius Jura , Lee Catherine , Bolton Paul
Published: January 2019

The use of transdiagnostic mental health treatments in low resource settings has been proposed as a possible aid in scaling up mental health services. Modular, multi-problem transdiagnostic treatments can be used to treat a range of mental health problems and are designed to handle comorbidity. Two randomized controlled trials have been completed on one treatment – the Common Elements Treatment Approach, or CETA – delivered by lay counsellors in Iraq and Thailand. This paper utilizes data from two clinical trials to explore the delivery of CETA by lay providers, examining fidelity and flexibility of element use. Data were collected at every therapy session. Clients completed a short symptom assessment and providers described the clinical elements delivered during sessions. Analyses included descriptive statistics of delivery including selection and sequencing of treatment elements, and the variance in element dose, clustering at the counsellor level, using multi-level models. Results indicate that lay providers in low resource settings (with supervision) demonstrated fidelity to the recommended CETA elements, order and dose, and occasionally added in elements and flexed dosage based on client presentation (i.e. flexibility). This modular approach did not result in significantly longer treatment duration. Our analysis suggests that lay providers were able to learn decision-making processes of CETA based on client presentation and adjust treatment as needed with supervision. As modular multi-problem transdiagnostic treatments continue to be explored in low resource settings, research should continue to focus on ‘unpacking’ lay counsellor delivery of these interventions, decision-making processes, and the level of supervision required.
Great Basin Mantle Xenoliths Record Active Lithospheric Downwelling Beneath Central Nevada
Authors: Dygert Nick , Bernard Rachel E. , Behr Whitney M.
Published: January 2019

Removal of mantle lithosphere by Rayleigh‐Taylor (R‐T) instabilities is invoked to explain the formation of high plateaus and mountain ranges. Here we report geochemical and microstructural observations from mantle xenoliths from Lunar Crater volcanic field, central Nevada, which we interpret to directly sample a R‐T instability beneath the Basin and Range. The xenoliths comprise a suite of mylonitic and granular peridotites with fertile and refractory major and trace element compositions, suggesting a mantle lithospheric origin. Temperatures calculated using several geothermometers are 1,200–1,300 °C, in contrast to xenoliths from other localities in the Basin and Range (typically ~1,000 °C). High Lunar Crater temperatures suggest the xenoliths originate from the base of the mantle lithosphere. The mylonitic peridotites exhibit olivine deformation microstructures characteristic of deformation in the dislocation creep regime; orthopyroxenes experienced brittle deformation. Recrystallized grain sizes (~80 μm) suggest the mylonites deformed at ~50 MPa. Recrystallized olivines demonstrate isochemical deformation, suggesting the ~50‐MPa differential stresses were achieved at ~1,200 °C, implying strain rates of 2 × 10−9 to 4 × 10−7/s, and corresponding to effective viscosities of 8.9 × 1013 to 1.4 × 1016 Pa/s. The most plausible mechanism for producing such conditions in the deep lithosphere beneath central Nevada is extreme strain localization within an actively deforming R‐T instability. The most highly strained samples have relatively low effective viscosities, suggesting that strain is preferentially partitioned into weaker rocks within the deforming lithosphere. This study highlights the importance of strain localization and associated weakening as mechanisms for facilitating lithospheric R‐T instabilities.
Investigating the Development of Abnormal Subauroral Ion Drifts (ASAID) During the Magnetically Quiet Times of October 2003
Authors: Horvath Ildiko , Lovell Brian C.
Published: January 2019

Appearing as inverted subauroral ion drifts (SAID) during magnetically disturbed and quiet times, the abnormal SAID (ASAID) is a recently reported phenomenon. Disturbed‐time ASAID development can be explained with a magnetospheric cold‐plasma‐shoulder‐hot‐ring‐current interface layer that generates an earthward (or inward) magnetospheric electric (E) field, which maps down to the ionospheric cold‐plasma‐trough‐hot‐ring‐current interface layer as a southward (or equatorward) ionosphericEfield. However, this plasmaspheric shoulder cannot develop under magnetically quiet conditions. Therefore, the quiet time ASAID development is still not clear and our main aim is to unravel its development. We analyze multisatellite and multiinstrument observations and show four scenarios demonstrating ASAID events during the magnetically quiet period of 9–11 October 2003. Results obtained for the longer 9–12 October 2003 time period provide observational evidence of the continuous presence of solar wind Alfven waves (i) driving dayside magnetopause and nightside magnetotail reconnections, (ii) bouncing back and forth in the coupled magnetosphere and ionosphere, and thus (iii) creating bouncing Alfven waves that ripple the plasma sheet's inner edge during the ASAID events investigated. These observational results suggest that the bouncing Alfven waves led to the development of a magnetospheric cold‐plasma‐ripple‐hot‐ring‐current interface layer during these quiet times leading to quiet time ASAID development. Confirming this suggestion, we demonstrate and analyze 10 February and 5 March 1991 scenarios, depicting ASAID events, and invoke published magnetospheric cross‐tailEYobservations evidencing bouncing Alfven waves and plasma sheet rippling during the underlying energetic particle injection events.
Thermal Nature of Mantle Upwellings Below the Ibero‐Western Maghreb Region Inferred From Teleseismic Tomography
Authors: Civiero Chiara , Custódio Susana , Rawlinson Nicholas , Strak Vincent , Silveira Graça , Arroucau Pierre , Corela Carlos
Published: January 2019

Independent models ofPwave andSwave velocity anomalies in the mantle derived from seismic tomography help to distinguish thermal signatures from those of partial melt, volatiles, and compositional variations. Here we use seismic data from SW Europe and NW Africa, spanning the region between the Pyrenees and the Canaries, in order to obtain a newS‐SKSrelative arrival‐time tomographic model of the upper mantle below Iberia, Western Morocco, and the Canaries. Similar to previousPwave tomographic results, theSwave model provides evidence for (1) subvertical upper‐mantle low‐velocity structures below the Canaries, Atlas Ranges, and Gibraltar Arc, which are interpreted as mantle upwellings fed by a common lower‐mantle source below the Canaries; and (2) two low‐velocity anomalies below the eastern Rif and Betics that we interpret as the result of the interaction between quasi‐toroidal mantle flow induced by the Gibraltar slab and the mantle upwelling behind it. The analysis of teleseismicPwave andSwave arrival‐time residuals and the conversion of the low‐velocity anomalies to temperature variations suggest that the upwellings in the upper mantle below the Canaries, Atlas Ranges, and Gibraltar Arc system may be solely thermal in nature, with temperature excesses in the range ~100–350 °C. Our results also indicate that local partial melting can be present at lithospheric depths, especially below the Atlas Ranges. The locations of thermal mantle upwellings are in good agreement with those of thinned lithosphere, moderate to high heat‐flow measurements, and recent magmatic activity at the surface.
Late Quaternary Biomass Burning in Northwest Africa and Interactions With Climate, Vegetation, and Humans
Authors: Schreuder Laura T. , Hopmans Ellen C. , Castañeda Isla S. , Schefuß Enno , Mulitza Stefan , Sinninghe Damsté Jaap S. , Schouten Stefan
Published: January 2019

Biomass burning on the African continent is widespread, and interactions with climate, vegetation dynamics, and biogeochemical cycling are complex. To obtain a better understanding of these complex relationships, African fire history has been widely studied, although mostly on relatively short timescales (i.e., years to kiloyears) and less commonly on long‐term scales. Here we present a 192‐kyr, continuous biomass‐burning record from sub‐Saharan Northwest Africa based on the fire biomarker levoglucosan in a marine sediment core offshore Guinea. Notable features of our record include an increase in levoglucosan accumulation at 80 ka and two peaks at 50–60 ka. The event at 80 ka is likely related to an overall increase in sedimentation rates rather than an increase in biomass burning in the Northwest African savanna region. Our record indicates that glacial/interglacial changes in regional climate and vegetation composition (C3 vs. C4 plants) were not a major influence on biomass burning over the last 192 kyr. However, we suggest that the burning events at 50–60 ka might be caused by increased occurrence of C3 vegetation and human settlement in this region. At this time, the savanna region became wetter and fuel loads likely increased. Therefore, the region was more hospitable for humans, who likely used fire for hunting activities. Collectively, we hypothesize that on longer (glacial/interglacial) timescales, biomass burning, regional climate, and African vegetation are not necessarily coupled, while around 50–60 ka, higher fuel loads and human fire use may have influenced fire occurrence in sub‐Saharan Northwest Africa.
NASA Space Telescope Spots Its Third Planet
Authors: Kornei Katherine
Published: January 2019

A planet 3 times as large as the Earth was detected by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite in a relatively leisurely orbit—the longest yet detected by this telescope—of 36 days.
Lamin B is a target for selective nuclear PQC by BAG3: implication for nuclear envelopathies
Authors: Gupta Manish K. , Gordon Jennifer , Glauser Gregory M. , Myers Valerie D. , Feldman Arthur M. , Cheung Joseph Y. , Khalili Kamel
Published: January 2019

Nuclear envelopathies are recognized genetic disorders affecting individuals with mutations in their genes encoding members of the lamin family of nuclear envelope proteins that are responsible for maintaining the architectural structure of the nucleus. Irregularity in shape and size of the nuclei, nuclear membrane rupture, and appearance of micronuclei in the cytoplasm are among the pathological features of the syndrome. Here, we demonstrate that Bcl2-associated anthanogene-3 (BAG3), a stress-induced co-chaperone protein that by association with heat-shock protein 70 (HSP70) participates in regulation of autophagy, plays a critical role in the integrity of the nuclear membrane in cardiomyocytes. Cells subjected to proteotoxic stress or BAG3 downregulation show perinuclear accumulation of the aberrant ubiquitinated proteins that are often associated with the appearance of misshapen, enlarged, and elongated nuclei. There were dense accumulations of lamin B in the perinuclear area and distribution of lamin B-positive micronuclei in the cytoplasmic space, indicative of nuclear envelope rupture. Overexpression of BAG3 in cells under proteotoxic stress ameliorated pathological nuclear morphology and reduced cytoplasmic distribution of the micronuclei particles. Subcellular co-localization and co-immunoprecipitation demonstrated interaction of lamin B with the BAG domain of BAG3 and HSP70, suggesting the importance of BAG3 in the selective clearance of a surplus of aggregated lamin B that is generated during stress conditions. Our findings define a novel role for BAG3 in nuclear protein quality control and suggest an alternative pathogenetic pathway that contributes to the development of nuclear envelopathies.
Upregulated osterix promotes invasion and bone metastasis and predicts for a poor prognosis in breast cancer
Authors: Yao Bing , Wang Jue , Qu Shuang , Liu Yang , Jin Yuci , Lu Jianlei , Bao Qianyi , Li Lingyun , Yuan Hongyan , Ma Changyan
Published: January 2019

Approximately 70% of patients with advanced breast cancer develop bone metastases, accompanied by complications, such as bone pain, fracture, and hypercalcemia. However, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that govern this process remains fragmentary. Osterix (Osx) is a zinc finger-containing transcription factor essential for osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. Here, we identified the functional roles of Osx in facilitating breast cancer invasion and bone metastasis. Osx upregulation was associated with lymph node metastasis and was negatively prognostic for overall survival. Knockdown of Osx inhibited invasion of breast cancer and osteolytic metastasis by downregulating MMP9, MMP13, VEGF, IL-8, and PTHrP, which are involved in invasion, angiogenesis, and osteolysis; overexpression of Osx had the opposite effect. Moreover, MMP9 was a direct target of Osx and mediated the Osx-driven invasion of breast cancer cells. Together, our data showed that Osx facilitates bone metastasis of breast cancer by upregulating the expression of a cohort of genes that contribute to steps in the metastatic cascade. These findings suggest that Osx is an attractive target for the control of bone metastasis of breast cancers.
Visualization of rapid electron precipitation via chorus element wave–particle interactions
Authors: Ozaki Mitsunori , Miyoshi Yoshizumi , Shiokawa Kazuo , Hosokawa Keisuke , Oyama Shin-ichiro , Kataoka Ryuho , Ebihara Yusuke , Ogawa Yasunobu , Kasahara Yoshiya , Yagitani Satoshi , Kasaba Yasumasa , Kumamoto Atsushi , Tsuchiya Fuminori , Matsuda Shoya , Katoh Yuto , Hikishima Mitsuru , Kurita Satoshi , Otsuka Yuichi , Moore Robert C. , Tanaka Yoshimasa , Nosé Masahito , Nagatsuma Tsutomu , Nishitani Nozomu , Kadokura Akira , Connors Martin , Inoue Takumi , Matsuoka Ayako , Shinohara Iku
Published: January 2019

Chorus waves, among the most intense electromagnetic emissions in the Earth’s magnetosphere, magnetized planets, and laboratory plasmas, play an important role in the acceleration and loss of energetic electrons in the plasma universe through resonant interactions with electrons. However, the spatial evolution of the electron resonant interactions with electromagnetic waves remains poorly understood owing to imaging difficulties. Here we provide a compelling visualization of chorus element wave–particle interactions in the Earth’s magnetosphere. Through in-situ measurements of chorus waveforms with the Arase satellite and transient auroral flashes from electron precipitation events as detected by 100-Hz video sampling from the ground, Earth’s aurora becomes a display for the resonant interactions. Our observations capture an asymmetric spatial development, correlated strongly with the amplitude variation of discrete chorus elements. This finding is not theoretically predicted but helps in understanding the rapid scattering processes of energetic electrons near the Earth and other magnetized planets.
Giant nonvolatile manipulation of magnetoresistance in magnetic tunnel junctions by electric fields via magnetoelectric coupling
Authors: Chen Aitian , Wen Yan , Fang Bin , Zhao Yuelei , Zhang Qiang , Chang Yuansi , Li Peisen , Wu Hao , Huang Haoliang , Lu Yalin , Zeng Zhongming , Cai Jianwang , Han Xiufeng , Wu Tom , Zhang Xi-Xiang , Zhao Yonggang
Published: January 2019

Electrically switchable magnetization is considered a milestone in the development of ultralow power spintronic devices, and it has been a long sought-after goal for electric-field control of magnetoresistance in magnetic tunnel junctions with ultralow power consumption. Here, through integrating spintronics and multiferroics, we investigate MgO-based magnetic tunnel junctions on ferroelectric substrate with a high tunnel magnetoresistance ratio of 235%. A giant, reversible and nonvolatile electric-field manipulation of magnetoresistance to about 55% is realized at room temperature without the assistance of a magnetic field. Through strain-mediated magnetoelectric coupling, the electric field modifies the magnetic anisotropy of the free layer leading to its magnetization rotation so that the relative magnetization configuration of the magnetic tunnel junction can be efficiently modulated. Our findings offer significant fundamental insight into information storage using electric writing and magnetic reading and represent a crucial step towards low-power spintronic devices.
ATP released by intestinal bacteria limits the generation of protective IgA against enteropathogens
Authors: Proietti Michele , Perruzza Lisa , Scribano Daniela , Pellegrini Giovanni , D’Antuono Rocco , Strati Francesco , Raffaelli Marco , Gonzalez Santiago F. , Thelen Marcus , Hardt Wolf-Dietrich , Slack Emma , Nicoletti Mauro , Grassi Fabio
Published: January 2019

T cell dependent secretory IgA (SIgA) generated in the Peyer’s patches (PPs) of the small intestine shapes a broadly diverse microbiota that is crucial for host physiology. The mutualistic co-evolution of host and microbes led to the relative tolerance of host’s immune system towards commensal microorganisms. The ATP-gated ionotropic P2X7 receptor limits T follicular helper (Tfh) cells expansion and germinal center (GC) reaction in the PPs. Here we show that transient depletion of intestinal ATP can dramatically improve high-affinity IgA response against both live and inactivated oral vaccines. Ectopic expression of Shigella flexneri periplasmic ATP-diphosphohydrolase (apyrase) abolishes ATP release by bacteria and improves the specific IgA response against live oral vaccines. Antibody responses primed in the absence of intestinal extracellular ATP (eATP) also provide superior protection from enteropathogenic infection. Thus, modulation of eATP in the small intestine can affect high-affinity IgA response against gut colonizing bacteria.
Spin–orbit torque switching in a T-type magnetic configuration with current orthogonal to easy axes
Authors: Kong W. J. , Wan C. H. , Wang X. , Tao B. S. , Huang L. , Fang C. , Guo C. Y. , Guang Y. , Irfan M. , Han X. F.
Published: January 2019

Different symmetry breaking ways determine various magnetization switching modes driven by spin–orbit torques (SOT). For instance, an applied or effective field parallel to applied current is indispensable to switch magnetization with perpendicular anisotropy by SOT. Besides of this mode, here we experimentally demonstrate a distinct field-free switching mode in a T-type magnetic system with structure of MgO/CoFeB/Ta/CoFeB/MgO where a perpendicular layer with tilted easy axis was coupled to an in-plane layer with a uniaxial easy axis. Current was applied orthogonal to both easy axes and thus also normal to an in-plane effective field experienced by the perpendicular layer. Dynamic calculation shows perpendicular layer could be switched at the same time as the in-plane layer is switched. These field-free switching modes realized in the same T-type magnetic system might expedite the birth of multi-state spin memories or spin logic devices which could be operated by all electric manners.
Environment and evolutionary history shape phylogenetic turnover in European tetrapods
Authors: Saladin Bianca , Thuiller Wilfried , Graham Catherine H. , Lavergne Sébastien , Maiorano Luigi , Salamin Nicolas , Zimmermann Niklaus E.
Published: January 2019

Phylogenetic turnover quantifies the evolutionary distance among species assemblages and is central to understanding the main drivers shaping biodiversity. It is affected both by geographic and environmental distance between sites. Therefore, analyzing phylogenetic turnover in environmental space requires removing the effect of geographic distance. Here, we apply a novel approach by deciphering phylogenetic turnover of European tetrapods in environmental space after removing geographic land distance effects. We demonstrate that phylogenetic turnover is strongly structured in environmental space, particularly in ectothermic tetrapods, and is well explained by macroecological characteristics such as niche size, species richness and relative phylogenetic diversity. In ectotherms, rather recent evolutionary processes were important in structuring phylogenetic turnover along environmental gradients. In contrast, early evolutionary processes had already shaped the current structure of phylogenetic turnover in endotherms. Our approach enables the disentangling of the idiosyncrasies of evolutionary processes such as the degree of niche conservatism and diversification rates in structuring biodiversity.
Thickness dependent electronic properties of Pt dichalcogenides
Authors: Villaos Rovi Angelo B. , Crisostomo Christian P. , Huang Zhi-Quan , Huang Shin-Ming , Padama Allan Abraham B. , Albao Marvin A. , Lin Hsin , Chuang Feng-Chuan
Published: January 2019

Platinum-based transition metal dichalcogenides have been gaining renewed interest because of the development of a new method to synthesize thin film structures. Here, using first-principles calculation, we explore the electronic properties of PtX2 (X = S, Se, and Te) with respect to film thickness. For bulk and layered structures (1 to 10 layers), octahedral 1T is the most stable. Surprisingly, we also find that the 3R structure has comparable stability relative to the 1T, implying possible synthesis of 3R. For a bulk 1T structure, PtS2 is semiconducting with an indirect band gap of 0.25 eV, while PtSe2 and PtTe2 are both semi-metallic. Still, all their corresponding monolayers exhibit an indirect semiconducting phase with band gaps of 1.68, 1.18, and 0.40 eV for PtS2, PtSe2, and PtTe2, respectively. For the band properties, we observe that all these materials manifest decreasing/closing of indirect band gap with increasing thickness, a consequence of quantum confinement and interlayer interaction. Moreover, we discover that controlling the thickness and applying strain can manipulate van Hove singularity resulting to high density of states at the maximum valence band. Our results exhibit the sensitivity and tunability of electronic properties of PtX2, paving a new path for future potential applications.
Potentiometric detection of biogenic amines utilizing affinity on a 4-mercaptobenzoic acid monolayer
Authors: Minamiki Tsukuru , Kurita Ryoji
Published: January 2019

Biogenic amines in water were detected potentiometrically utilizing an easy-to-prepare sensing electrode functionalized with a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (BA).
Coordination-induced structural changes of DNA-based optical and electrochemical sensors for metal ions detection
Authors: Sun Chunli , Ou Xiaowen , Cheng Yong , Zhai Tianyou , Liu Bifeng , Lou Xiaoding , Xia Fan
Published: January 2019

This article highlights the coordination-induced structural changes of DNA-based optical, electrochemical and optical–electrochemical-combined sensors for metal ions detection.
Recent advances in understanding Li–CO2 electrochemistry
Authors: Liu Bao , Sun Yinglun , Liu Lingyang , Chen Jiangtao , Yang Bingjun , Xu Shan , Yan Xingbin
Published: January 2019

This review presents a comprehensive understanding of recent advances in Li–CO2 electrochemistry and aims to develop advanced Li–CO2 batteries.
Effect of microalgae as iron supplements on iron-deficiency anemia in rats
Authors: Gao Fengzheng , Guo Wei , Zeng Mingyong , Feng Yinong , Feng Guangxin
Published: January 2019

Microalgae are functional iron nutritive fortifiers that can supply more intestinal nanosized iron.
Lentinan modulates intestinal microbiota and enhances barrier integrity in a piglet model challenged with lipopolysaccharide
Authors: Wang Xiuying , Wang Wenjun , Wang Longmei , Yu Cheng , Zhang Guolong , Zhu Huiling , Wang Chunwei , Zhao Shengjun , Hu Chien-An Andy , Liu Yulan
Published: January 2019

The protective effects of lentinan may be associated with inhibition of inflammation, production of SCFAs, and alterations of microbiota composition.
Mechanism and chemoselectivity origins of bioconjugation of cysteine with Au(iii)-aryl reagents
Authors: Zhang Song-Lin , Dong Jia-Jia
Published: January 2019

A detailed computational study is presented on the reaction mechanism of selective cysteine S-arylation by cationic Au(iii)-aryl reagents. The chemoselectivity origins have been elucidated through comparison with potential N- and O-arylation, showing that the acidity and nucleophilicity of the residue are two inherent controlling factors.
Scalable electrochemical oxidant-and metal-free dehydrogenative coupling of S–H/N–H
Authors: Tang Shanyu , Liu Yan , Li Longjia , Ren Xuanhe , Li Jiao , Yang Guanyu , Li Heng , Yuan Bingxin
Published: January 2019

The synthesis of sulfenamides via the oxidant- and metal-free electrochemical dehydrogenative coupling reaction of thiols and amines.
Neutrophil-mediated and low density lipoprotein receptor-mediated dual-targeting nanoformulation enhances brain accumulation of scutellarin and exerts neuroprotective effects against ischemic stroke
Authors: Dang Yanxin , An Chiying , Li Yutao , Han Dandan , Liu Xin , Zhang Fengming , Xu Yuan , Zhong Haijing , Karim Khan Mewand Khan , Zou Fengjuan , Sun Xiaojun
Published: January 2019

Delivery of poorly permeable drugs across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a great challenge in the treatment of ischemic stroke.
Tunable luminescence evolution and energy transfer behavior of Na3Sc2(PO4)3:Ce3+/Tb3+/Eu3+ phosphors
Authors: Zhang Yufeng , Xiong Jie , Shen Dingyi , Xia Wenpeng , Yu Jie , Zhang Yanfei , Yang Jun , Hu Shanshan , Wan Yuxin , Wen Haili , Ye Hang , Liu Yucan
Published: January 2019

A series of color-tunable emitting Na3Sc2(PO4)3:Ce3+/Tb3+/Eu3+ (NSPO) phosphors were prepared by a combination of hydrothermal synthesis and low temperature calcination.
Gold nanoparticle coatings as efficient adenovirus carriers to non-infectable stem cells
Authors: Hernandez Yulan , González-Pastor Rebeca , Belmar-Lopez Carolina , Mendoza Gracia , de la Fuente Jesus M. , Martin-Duque Pilar
Published: January 2019

Assessment of the differences of the levels of gene expression achieved in non-infectable MSCs, by the completion of recombinant adenoviruses together with different NPs combinations (gold NPs or a commercially available polyethylenimine derivative).
In situ preparation of C–SiCxOy coatings with controllable composition on continuous oxygen-enriched SiC fibres
Authors: Xu Haonan , Wang Qi , Xiao Hongrui , Li Xiangdong , Su Xiaohui , Tang Ming , Chen Lifu , Li Siwei
Published: January 2019

In situ C–SiCxOy coatings with controllable composition and resistivity are formed on the surface of the oxygen-enriched SiC fibres.
Strong interfacial interactions induced a large reduction in lateral thermal conductivity of transition-metal dichalcogenide superlattices
Authors: Zhang Wenjie , Yang Jia-Yue , Liu Linhua
Published: January 2019

The strong interfacial interactions in the superlattice MoS2/WS2 enhance phonon scattering and result in the ultralow lateral thermal conductivity.
Ubiquitin binds the amyloid β peptide and interferes with its clearance pathways
Authors: Bellia F. , Lanza V. , García-Viñuales S. , Ahmed I. M. M. , Pietropaolo A. , Iacobucci C. , Malgieri G. , D'Abrosca G. , Fattorusso R. , Nicoletti V. G. , Sbardella D. , Tundo G. R. , Coletta M. , Pirone L. , Pedone E. , Calcagno D. , Grasso G. , Milardi D.
Published: January 2019

Appetite for ubiquitin: a gushy travel companion in the intracellular journey of the amyloid β peptide.
Rebounding suppression of droplet impact on hot surfaces: effect of surface temperature and concaveness
Authors: Jowkar S. , Morad M. R.
Published: January 2019

The focus of the present experimental study is on the maximum height of drop bouncing after impinging on flat and semicylindrical concave surfaces, in particular in terms of surface temperature.
Operando EXAFS study reveals presence of oxygen in oxide-derived silver catalysts for electrochemical CO2 reduction
Authors: Firet Nienke J. , Blommaert Marijn A. , Burdyny Thomas , Venugopal Anirudh , Bohra Divya , Longo Alessandro , Smith Wilson A.
Published: January 2019

Grazing incidence operando EXAFS measurements allow observation of oxygen in oxide-derived silver catalysts, its effect on CO2 reduction is explained.
Comparative passivation effect of ALD-driven HfO2 and Al2O3 buffer layers on the interface chemistry and electrical characteristics of Dy-based gate dielectrics
Authors: Wang Die , He Gang , Hao Lin , Gao Juan , Zhang Miao
Published: January 2019

Herein, a comparative study of the effects of atomic-layer-deposited (ALD) HfO2 and Al2O3 interfacial passivation layers (IPL) on the sputtering-derived HfDyOx (HDO)/Si gate stack has been systematically investigated.
Specific recognition of formaldehyde by a cucurbit[10]uril-based porous supramolecular assembly incorporating adsorbed 1,8-diaminonaphthalene
Authors: Liu Ming , Yang Meixiang , Yao Yuqing , Zhang Yingjie , Zhang Yunqian , Tao Zhu , Zhu Qianjiang , Wei Gang , Bian Bing , Xiao Xin
Published: January 2019

We report herein a cucurbit[10]uril-based porous supramolecular assembly (A) that is readily obtained in the presence of [ZnCl4]2− as a structure-directing agent in HCl solution.
Association between the estrogen receptor α gene polymorphisms rs2234693 and rs9340799 and severe and mild pre-eclampsia: a meta-analysis
Authors: Zhao Ge , Cai Yunfei , Liu Jing , Meng Tao
Published: January 2019

This meta-analysis was performed in order to determine the associations between the estrogen receptor α (ESR1) gene PvuII site (-397T/C, rs2234693) and XbaI site (-351A/G, rs9340799) polymorphisms with severe and mild pre-eclampsia. Eligible studies were identified by searching PubMed, Medline, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and WanFang databases until May 2018. The pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to calculate the associations. Six articles (consisting of seven studies; one article was considered as two separate studies with two different subpopulations) investigated the ESR1 gene PvuII -397T/C and XbaI -351A/G polymorphisms in severe and mild pre-eclampsia patients and included controls. The pooled results indicated an increased risk of severe pre-eclampsia for the XbaI -351A/G polymorphism (OR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.10–2.25, P=0.017 for GG compared with AA+GA; OR = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.17–2.82, P=0.008 for GG compared with GA). The GG genotype of the ESR1 XbaI polymorphism could be a genetic risk factor for severe pre-eclampsia susceptibility. However, the ESR1 gene PvuII -397T/C polymorphism was not significantly associated with the risk of severe pre-eclampsia, and there was no association between mild pre-eclampsia and the ESR1 gene PvuII -397T/C and XbaI -351A/G polymorphisms separately. The current meta-analysis indicates that the ESR1 XbaI genetic polymorphism may be associated with severe pre-eclampsia. However, there was no association of the ESR1 gene PvuII and XbaI polymorphisms with the risk of mild pre-eclampsia. Owing to the low statistical power, the results may not be sufficiently robust and this conclusion should be interpreted cautiously, which highlights the requirement for large-scale and high-quality studies in this field.
Dynamic analysis and current calculation of a permanent magnet spherical motor for point‐to‐point motion
Authors: Guo Xiwen , Li Shen , Wang Qunjing , Wen Yan , Gong Nengwei
Published: January 2019

Point‐to‐point (PTP) motion of the end effector is an essential part for using robot manipulators to perform precision machining task. Traditionally, it is implemented by several motors with complex transmission mechanism, which causes slow responses, low positioning precision and dynamic performance. Therefore, dynamics analysis and modified electrifying method of a permanent magnet spherical motor (PMSM), which can provide up to three degrees‐of‐freedom independently for PTP motion is presented in this study. First, a new inverse kinematics method for solving PMSM's rotation angle using a cross‐product between two points is proposed. Through dynamics analysis, the control torque is designed by using sinusoidal function to plan the PTP motion. Second, a modified electrifying method by combined coils has been proposed based on the current–torque equation, which deduced the calculation burden by reducing the dimensions of characteristic matrix. Finally, the simulations and experimental results show that PTP motion trajectory planning based on sinusoidal function and the modified electrifying control method can not only reduce the torque disturbance and increase the electromagnetic torque, but also has the advantages of relatively simple control and better tracking control performance.
Shared‐aperture dual‐band orthogonally polarised antenna array for L‐band and S‐band applications
Authors: Naik Harish , Awasthi Abhishek K. , Harish Ayyangar R.
Published: January 2019

In this work, a novel dual‐band orthogonally polarised, the shared‐aperture array is proposed for the L‐band and S‐band frequencies. An elliptical monopole antenna is used as a radiating element in the proposed array. In this design, the common inter‐element spacing is used for both the bands. Owing to this, L‐ and S‐band arrays have the same number of elements. The L‐band radiators are closely placed and designed taking the mutual coupling into account. The S‐band antenna follows the traditional array design process. The inter‐band coupling is reduced by using a metallic ridge in the reflector of the array. This array can be used in the dual‐band radar applications. The proposed methodology offers the modular, low‐profile and low‐cost solution for a large array. To verify the proposed concept, a prototype array of 4 × 4 elements for each band has been fabricated and tested.
Non‐circularity coefficient estimation of the SOI for narrowband widely linear beamforming
Authors: Xu Yougen , Huang Yulin , Liu Junfeng , Liu Zhiwen
Published: January 2019

In widely linear beamforming, the second‐order non‐circularity property exhibited by the signal‐of‐interest (SOI) can be exploited to improve interference and noise suppression. Assuming known SOI steering vector and spatially white noise, several algebraic schemes for estimating the SOI non‐circularity coefficient are proposed in the context of narrowband widely linear beamforming without training/reference signal. These new estimators are based on signal purification, pseudoinverse, oblique projection, and pre‐processed subspace separation. Simulation results are included to illustrate the performances of the proposed methods.
Analysis and design of compact triple‐band meandered PIFA for 2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz WLAN
Authors: Varma Ruchi , Ghosh Jayanta
Published: January 2019

This study presents a novel compact (of volume 0.002 λg3) triple‐band planar inverted‐F antenna (PIFA) for a wireless local area network (WLAN). The upper patch of the proposed antenna is meandered to resonate at WLAN bands and to make it compact. This meandering effect excites its second‐ and third‐order modes along with the fundamental mode to cover all the three WLAN bands. A detailed analysis of the proposed PIFA is done using the theory of characteristic modes and the patch surface current distribution. The parametric study shows that two degrees of freedom are obtained to tune the all frequencies independently by varying the slots' parameters keeping the patch size fixed. In all the bands, it radiates at the broadside direction and provides a sufficient gain. Measured results are also presented here. The simulated and measured results are in agreement.
Research on stacked boost converter for stratospheric airship energy system
Authors: Baolei Dong , Tao Liu , Yang Jin , Jun Huang
Published: January 2019

Energy system as a key component of stratospheric airship plays an important role in the success or failure of the whole flight mission. Here, the topology of HE‐boost SBC converter for airship energy system is deeply studied. Based on the original HE‐boost converter, a new HE‐boost converter is proposed. By analysing its state space equation and small signal model, it is concluded that the stability of the new HE‐boost converter is better than that of the original HE‐boost converter. Based on this analysis, the optimal design of compensation network of the new HE‐Boost converter is studied to ensure that the converter satisfies the condition of minimum phase system, so as to improve the stability of converter. Here, the theoretical analysis is verified and optimised by means of simulation. The paper builds: circuit, verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis and test, the frequency characteristics of the new HE‐boost converter under different input and output conditions, technical index of converter can meet the requirements.
Discovery and follow-up of the unusual nuclear transient OGLE17aaj
Authors: Gromadzki M. , Hamanowicz A. , Wyrzykowski L. , Sokolovsky K. V. , Fraser M. , Kozłowski Sz. , Guillochon J. , Arcavi I. , Trakhtenbrot B. , Jonker P. G. , Mattila S. , Udalski A. , Szymański M. K. , Soszyński I. , Poleski R. , Pietrukowicz P. , Skowron J. , Mróz P. , Ulaczyk K. , Pawlak M. , Rybicki K. A. , Sollerman J. , Taddia F. , Kostrzewa-Rutkowska Z. , Onori F. , Young D. R. , Maguire K. , Smartt S. J. , Inserra C. , Gal-Yam A. , Rau A. , Chen T.-W. , Angus C. R. , Buckley D. A. H.
Published: January 2019

Aims. We report on the discovery and follow-up of a peculiar transient, OGLE17aaj, which occurred in the nucleus of a weakly active galaxy. We investigate whether it can be interpreted as a new candidate for a tidal disruption event (TDE).

Methods. We present the OGLE-IV light curve that covers the slow 60-day-long rise to maximum along with photometric, spectroscopic, and X-ray follow-up during the first year.

Results. OGLE17aaj is a nuclear transient exhibiting some properties similar to previously found TDEs, including a long rise time, lack of colour-temperature evolution, and high black-body temperature. On the other hand, its narrow emission lines and slow post-peak evolution are different from previously observed TDEs. Its spectrum and light-curve evolution is similar to F01004-2237 and AT 2017bgt. Signatures of historical low-level nuclear variability suggest that OGLE17aaj may instead be related to a new type of accretion event in active super-massive black holes.
Multi-phase outflows in Mkn 848 observed with SDSS-MaNGA integral field spectroscopy
Authors: Perna M. , Cresci G. , Brusa M. , Lanzuisi G. , Concas A. , Mainieri V. , Mannucci F. , Marconi A.
Published: January 2019

Aims. The characterisation of galaxy-scale outflows in terms of their multi-phase and multi-scale nature, amount, and effects of flowing material is crucial to place constraints on models of galaxy formation and evolution. This study can proceed only with the detailed investigation of individual targets.

Methods. We present a spatially resolved spectroscopic optical data analysis of Mkn 848, a complex system consisting of two merging galaxies at z ∼ 0.04 that are separated by a projected distance of 7.5 kpc. Motivated by the presence of a multi-phase outflow in the north-west system revealed by the SDSS integrated spectrum, we analysed the publicly available MaNGA data, which cover almost the entire merging system, to study the kinematic and physical properties of cool and warm gas in detail.

Results. Galaxy-wide outflowing gas in multiple phases is revealed for the first time in the two merging galaxies. We also detect spatially resolved resonant Na ID emission associated with the outflows. The derived outflow energetics (mass rate, and kinetic and momentum power) may be consistent with a scenario in which both winds are accelerated by stellar processes and AGN activity, although we favour an AGN origin given the high outflow velocities and the ionisation conditions observed in the outflow regions. Further deeper multi-wavelength observations are required, however, to better constrain the nature of these multi-phase outflows. Outflow energetics in the North-West system are strongly different between the ionised and atomic gas components, the latter of which is associated with mass outflow rate and kinetic and momentum powers that are one or two dex higher; those associated with the south-east galaxy are instead similar.

Conclusions. Strong kiloparsec-scale outflows are revealed in an ongoing merger system, suggesting that feedback can potentially impact the host galaxy even in the early merger phases. The characterisation of the neutral and ionised gas phases has proved to be crucial for a comprehensive study of the outflow phenomena.
Supervised neural networks for helioseismic ring-diagram inversions
Authors: Alshehhi Rasha , Hanson Chris S. , Gizon Laurent , Hanasoge Shravan
Published: January 2019

Context. The inversion of ring fit parameters to obtain subsurface flow maps in ring-diagram analysis for eight years of SDO observations is computationally expensive, requiring ∼3200 CPU hours.

Aims. In this paper we apply machine-learning techniques to the inversion step of the ring diagram pipeline in order to speed up the calculations. Specifically, we train a predictor for subsurface flows using the mode fit parameters and the previous inversion results to replace future inversion requirements.

Methods. We utilize artificial neural networks (ANNs) as a supervised learning method for predicting the flows in 15° ring tiles. We discuss each step of the proposed method to determine the optimal approach. In order to demonstrate that the machine-learning results still contain the subtle signatures key to local helioseismic studies, we use the machine-learning results to study the recently discovered solar equatorial Rossby waves.

Results. The ANN is computationally efficient, able to make future flow predictions of an entire Carrington rotation in a matter of seconds, which is much faster than the current ∼31 CPU hours. Initial training of the networks requires ∼3 CPU hours. The trained ANN can achieve a rms error equal to approximately half that reported for the velocity inversions, demonstrating the accuracy of the machine learning (and perhaps the overestimation of the original errors from the ring-diagram pipeline). We find the signature of equatorial Rossby waves in the machine-learning flows covering six years of data, demonstrating that small-amplitude signals are maintained. The recovery of Rossby waves in the machine-learning flow maps can be achieved with only one Carrington rotation (27.275 days) of training data.

Conclusions. We show that machine learning can be applied to and perform more efficiently than the current ring-diagram inversion. The computation burden of the machine learning includes 3 CPU hours for initial training, then around 10−4 CPU hours for future predictions.
Numerical simulation of the fractional flow reserve (FFR)
Authors: Chahour Keltoum , Aboulaich Rajae , Habbal Abderrahmane , Abdelkhirane Cherif , Zemzemi Nejib
Published: January 2019

The fractional flow reserve (FFR) provides an efficient quantitative assessment of the severity of a coronary lesion. Our aim is to address the problem of computing non-invasive virtual fractional flow reserve (VFFR). In this paper, we present a preliminary study of the main features of flow over a stenosed coronary arterial portion, in order to enumerate the different factors affecting the VFFR. We adopt a non-Newtonian flow model and we assume that the two-dimensional (2D) domain is rigid in a first place. In a second place, we consider a simplified weakly coupled FSI model in order to take into account the infinitesimal displacements of the upper wall. A 2D finite element solver was implemented using Freefem++. We computed the VFFR profiles with respect to different lesion parameters and compared the results given by the rigid wall model to those obtained for the elastic wall one.
Power quality enhancement in electricity grids with wind energy using multicell converters and energy storage
Authors: Merabet Boulouiha H. , Khodja M. , Rahiel D. , Allali A. , Kaddour F. , Denaï M.
Published: January 2019

In recent years, the wind power industry is experiencing a rapid growth and more wind farms with larger size wind turbines are being connected to the power system. While this contributes to the overall security of electricity supply, large-scale deployment of wind energy into the grid also presents many technical challenges. Most of these challenges are one way or another, related to the variability and intermittent nature of wind and affect the power quality of the distribution grid. Power quality relates to factors that cause variations in the voltage level and frequency as well as distortion in the voltage and current waveforms due to wind variability which produces both harmonics and inter-harmonics. The main motivation behind work is to propose a new topology of the static AC/DC/AC multicell converter to improve the power quality in grid-connected wind energy conversion systems. Serial switching cells have the ability to achieve a high power with lower-size components and improve the voltage waveforms at the input and output of the converter by increasing the number of cells. Furthermore, a battery energy storage system is included and a power management strategy is designed to ensure the continuity of power supply and consequently the autonomy of the proposed system. The simulation results are presented for a 149.2 kW wind turbine induction generator system and the results obtained demonstrate the reduced harmonics, improved transient response, and reference tracking of the voltage output of the wind energy conversion system.
Enhancing terahertz generation from a two-color plasma using optical parametric amplifier waste light
Authors: Sorenson Shayne A. , Moss Clayton D. , Kauwe Steven K. , Bagley Jacob D. , Johnson Jeremy A.
Published: January 2019

We show experimentally that the terahertz (THz) emission of a plasma, generated in air by a two-color laser pulse (containing a near IR frequency and its second harmonic), can be enhanced by the addition of an 800-nm pulse. We observed enhancements of the THz electric field by a factor of up to 30. This provides a widely accessible means for researchers using an optical parametric amplifier (OPA) to increase their THz yields by simply adding the residual pump beam of the OPA to the plasma generating beam. We investigate the dependence of the THz electric field enhancement factor on the powers of the two-color beam and the 800-nm enhancement beam. Numerical calculations using the well-known photocurrent model are in excellent agreement with the experimental observations.