bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Just Going to a Spin Class”: Participant Experiences of Inclusion Within an Integrated Indoor Cycling Program
Authors: Auger Joanna M. , Spencer Nancy L.I.
Published: March 2021

Justifications for access to physical activity for people who experience disability tend to focus on the health benefits associated with a medical model of disability. The result is often programs that are segregated and impairment-focused, with limited access to integrated settings that are also potentially inclusive. In this instrumental case study, the authors engaged 20 participants with and without impairment from an adult integrated indoor cycling program to explore what contributed to meaningful and inclusive experiences in this setting. Data were generated through semistructured interviews and reflective notes. Thematic analysis led to three themes: (a) “just going to a spin class” (b) “seamless”? and (c) “deliberate community.” Using a relational ethics framework, the findings are discussed with regard to their potential to inform the development of integrated and inclusive physical activity programs, with emphasis on program structure and instructor reflexivity and training.
Factors Associated With Penalty Outcome on Male Elite Goalball
Authors: Furtado Otávio Luis Piva da Cunha , Häyrinen Mikko , Alves Isabela dos Santos , Travitzki Leonardo , Morato Márcio Pereira
Published: March 2021

The authors’ purpose was to examine the factors associated with penalty outcomes of male elite goalball. A total of 122 video-recorded matches from two Paralympic Games (i.e., 2012 and 2016) and the 2014 Goalball World Championship were assessed using notational analysis. Individual (n = 2), situational (n = 4), and performance variables (n = 7) were analyzed with good strength of agreement for intra- and interrater kappa index values. Their results showed that penalties play a very important role in the final score, composing around 25% of total goals in elite goalball matches. Winners were awarded on average with 62% of penalties and had 66% effectiveness compared with losers (31% and 53%) or drawers (8% and 52%). Based on the authors’ findings, penalty takers should direct their throws at specific target sectors on the court, which could increase their rate of success to over 80%.
Separate and Unequal? Representations of Sportswomen on espnW’s and ESPN’s Instagram
Authors: Fraidenburg Kelly , Backstrom Laura
Published: March 2021

Based on content analysis of 370 posts featuring sportswomen and 205 posts featuring nonathlete women on ESPN’s and espnW’s Instagram accounts, the authors address whether representations of sportswomen on social media uphold or challenge masculine domination in sports and whether this varies based on the gender of the target audience for each social media account. Catering to a predominantly male audience, ESPN’s Instagram rarely posted about sportswomen or feminism, reinforced traditional female gender roles, and relied on feminine stereotypes more frequently than espnW’s Instagram. Nonetheless, espnW upholds male dominance in sport through its separation from ESPN, the lower volume of posts about sportswomen on espnW compared with ESPN’s coverage of sportsmen, and its less engaging coverage of sportswomen.
Development and Validation of a Perceived Barriers to Physical Activity Scale for Low-Income Adolescents
Authors: Li Cheng , Hullings Christy , Wang Wei , Palmer Keenan Debra M.
Published: March 2021

Background: Low-income adolescents’ physical activity (PA) levels fall below current recommendations. Perceived barriers to physical activity (PBPA) are likely significant predictors of PA levels; however, valid and reliable measures to assess PA barriers are lacking. This manuscript describes the development of the PBPA Survey for Low-Income Adolescents. Methods: A mixed-method approach was used. Items identified from the literature and revised for clarity and appropriateness (postcognitive interviews) were assessed for test–retest reliability with 74 adolescents using intraclass correlation coefficient. Items demonstrating low intraclass correlation coefficients or floor effects were removed. Both exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis analyses (n = 1914 low-income teens) were used to finalize the scale; internal consistency was assessed by Cronbach’s alpha. Concurrent validity was established by correlating the PBPA with the PA questionnaire for adolescents using a Spearman correlation. Results: The exploratory factor analysis yielded a 38-item, 7-factor solution, which was cross-validated by confirmatory factor analysis (comparative-fit index, nonnormed fit index = .90). The scale’s Cronbach’s alpha was .94, with subscales ranging from .70 to .88. The PBPA Survey for Low-Income Adolescents’ concurrent validity was supported by a negative PA questionnaire for adolescents’ correlation values. Conclusion: The PBPA Survey for Low-Income Adolescents can be used to better understand the relationship between PBPA among low-income teens. Further research is warranted to validate the scale with other adolescent subgroups.
Associations of Mothers’ and Children’s Stress With Children’s Device-Measured Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Trajectories Across 3 Years
Authors: Dunton Genevieve F. , Chu Daniel , Naya Christine H. , Belcher Britni R. , Mason Tyler B.
Published: March 2021

Background: Psychological stress has adverse effects on health-related behaviors, yet longitudinal research is lacking. Research examined how children’s and mothers’ perceived stress are associated with children’s physical activity and sedentary behavior trajectories across 3 years. Methods: Mothers and their children (N = 186 dyads; 8–12 y at baseline, 57% Hispanic) completed 6 assessments across 3 years. Children and mothers self-reported perceived stress using the Stress in Children Scale and Perceived Stress Scale, respectively. Children’s moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary behavior were assessed using accelerometers. Mixed models examined interactions of mothers’ and children’s perceived stress by time elapsed in the study on children’s MVPA and sedentary behavior. Results: The perceived stress × time elapsed interactions were significant for children’s MVPA and sedentary behavior (Ps < .05). Higher average perceived stress in mothers was associated with greater decreases in children’s MVPA and increases in children’s sedentary behavior. The child stress × time elapsed interactions was significant for children’s MVPA (P < .05) but not sedentary behavior. Higher average perceived stress in children was associated with smaller decreases in children’s MVPA. Conclusion: Interventions to promote physical activity and reduce screen time in children should mitigate the effects of psychological stress, especially among mothers, on these behaviors.
Intrasession and Intersession Reliability of Isometric Trunk and Hip Strength Measurements Using the Portable Tension Dynamometer
Authors: Oyama Sakiko , Garza Edgar , Dugan Kylie
Published: March 2021

Context: The trunk/pelvis is an important link between the upper- and lower-extremities. Therefore, assessing strength of the trunk and hip muscles that control the segments is clinically meaningful. While an isokinetic dynamometer can be used to measure trunk strength, the equipment is expensive and not portable. Objective: To test the reliability of simple trunk and hip strength measures that utilize a bar, straps, and a portable tension dynamometer. Design: Test–retest reliability study. Setting: Biomechanics research laboratory. Patients (or Other Participants): Twenty college-age individuals (10 males/10 females, age = 20.9 [3.7] y) participated. Intervention(s): The participants attended 2 testing sessions, 1 week apart. The participants’ trunk-flexion, rotation, and hip abduction strength were measured at each session. Main Outcome Measures: Peak trunk flexion, rotation, and hip abduction forces were normalized to the participant’s body weight (BW). In addition, hip-abduction torque was calculated by multiplying the force times the leg length and normalized to BW. The trial data from both sessions were used to calculate the intrasession reliability, and the averages from the 2 sessions were used to calculate the intersession reliability. Intraclass correlation coefficients, SEM, and minimal detectable change were calculated to evaluate reliability of measures. Results: The intrasession intraclass correlation coefficients (SEM) for trunk flexion, rotation, hip abduction, and hip abduction torque were .837 (5.2% BW), .978 (1.3% BW), .955 (1.0% BW), and .969 (5.8 N·m/BW), respectively. The intersession reliability for trunk flexion, rotation, hip abduction, and hip abduction torque were .871 (4.3% BW), .801 (3.8% BW), .894 (1.5% BW), and .968 (5.9 N·m/BW), respectively. Conclusions: The measures of trunk and hip abduction strength are highly repeatable within a session. The reliability of the measures between sessions was also good/excellent with relatively small SEM and minimal detectable change. The tests described in this study can be used to assess changes in trunk/hip strength over time.
A peptide of the N terminus of GRK5 attenuates pressure-overload hypertrophy and heart failure
Authors: Coleman Ryan C. , Eguchi Akito , Lieu Melissa , Roy Rajika , Barr Eric W. , Ibetti Jessica , Lucchese Anna-Maria , Peluzzo Amanda M. , Gresham Kenneth , Chuprun J. Kurt , Koch Walter J.
Published: March 2021

GRK5 does not mediate pathological signaling in the heart if its nuclear translocation is disrupted.
A cancerous connection for creatine
Authors: Wong Wei
Published: March 2021

Obesity induces adipocytes to release creatine that is used by nearby breast cancer cells to fuel growth.
Rapid Clinical Screening of Burkholderia pseudomallei Colonies by a Bacteriophage Tail Fiber-Based Latex Agglutination Assay
Authors: Muangsombut Veerachat , Withatanung Patoo , Chantratita Narisara , Chareonsudjai Sorujsiri , Lim Jiali , Galyov Edouard E. , Ottiwet Orawan , Sengyee Sineenart , Janesomboon Sujintana , Loessner Martin J. , Dunne Matthew , Korbsrisate Sunee
Published: March 2021

Rapid diagnosis of melioidosis is essential for ensuring that optimal antibiotic courses are prescribed to patients and thus warrants the development of cost-effective and easy-to-use tests for implementation in underresourced areas such as Northeast Thailand and other tropical regions. Phage tail fibers are an interesting alternative to antibodies for use in various diagnostic assays for different pathogenic bacteria.
Cryptococcus neoformans-Infected Macrophages Release Proinflammatory Extracellular Vesicles: Insight into Their Components by Multi-omics
Authors: Zhang Lei , Zhang Keming , Li Hang , Coelho Carolina , de Souza Gonçalves Diego , Fu Man Shun , Li Xinhua , Nakayasu Ernesto S. , Kim Young-Mo , Liao Wanqing , Pan Weihua , Casadevall Arturo
Published: March 2021

Cryptococcus neoformanscauses cryptococcal meningitis, which is frequent in patients with HIV/AIDS, especially in less-developed countries. The incidence of cryptococcal meningitis is close to 1 million each year globally.
Melatonin for non-operating room sedation in paediatric population: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ahmed Javed , Patel Waseemoddin , Pullattayil Abdul Kareem , Razak Abdul
Published: March 2021

Context

The literature on melatonin as a sedative agent in children is limited.

Objective

To conduct a systematic review of studies assessing the efficacy and safety of melatonin for non-operating room sedation in children.

Methods

Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health were searched until 9 April 2020 for studies using melatonin and reporting one of the prespecified outcomes of this review. Two authors independently assessed the eligibility, risk of bias and extracted the data. Studies with a similar study design, comparator and procedure were pooled using the fixed-effect model.

Results

25 studies (clinical trials=3, observational studies=9, descriptive studies=13) were included. Melatonin was used for electroencephalogram (EEG) (n=12), brainstem evoked response audiometry (n=8) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (n=5). No significant differences were noted on meta-analysis of EEG studies comparing melatonin with sleep deprivation (SD) (relative risk (RR) 1.06 (95% CI 0.99 to 1.12)), melatonin with chloral hydrate (RR 0.97 (95% CI 0.89 to 1.05)) and melatonin alone with melatonin and SD combined (RR 1.03 (95% CI 0.97 to 1.10)) for successful procedure completion. However, significantly higher sedation failure was noted in melatonin alone compared with melatonin and SD combined (RR 1.55 (95% CI 1.02 to 2.33)) for EEG. Additionally, meta-analysis showed lower sleep latency for melatonin compared with SD (mean difference −10.21 (95% CI −11.53 to −8.89) for EEG. No major adverse events were reported with melatonin.

Conclusion

Although several studies were identified, and no serious safety concerns were noted, the evidence was not of high quality to establish melatonin’s efficacy for non-operating room sedation in children.
Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator modulators for cystic fibrosis: a new dawn?
Authors: Edmondson Claire , Course Christopher William , Doull Iolo
Published: March 2021

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common life-limiting inherited condition in Caucasians. It is a multisystem autosomal recessive disorder caused by variants in the gene for cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein, a cell-surface localised chloride channel that regulates absorption and secretion of salt and water across epithelia. Until recently, the treatment for CF was predicated on ameliorating and preventing the downstream symptoms of CFTR dysfunction, primarily recurrent respiratory infections and pancreatic exocrine failure. But a new class of therapy—the CFTR modulators, which treat the basic defect and decrease the complications of CF, leads to significantly improved pulmonary function, decreased respiratory infections and improved nutrition. The newest agent, a combination of elexacaftor, tezacaftor and ivacaftor, will be suitable for approximately 90% of all people with CF and is likely to decrease the morbidity and significantly increase the life expectancy for most people with CF. The major barrier to their widespread introduction has been their cost, with many countries unwilling or unable to fund them. Nevertheless, such is their therapeutic efficacy and their likely potent effect on life expectancy that their advent has wider societal implications for the care of children and adults with CF.
Small airway evaluation in three subjects with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency without diagnosed lung disease
Authors: Ferrari da Cruz Thais , Rufino Rogério , Lopes Agnaldo , Henrique Costa Cláudia
Published: March 2021

We describe three cases of female subjects (aged 16, 44 and 41 years) with no respiratory symptoms, who have alpha-1 antitripsyn mutation (PiSZ, PiZZ and PiZZ) and who performed traditional pulmonary function tests and the single breath nitrogen washout test. They still did not have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or any identifiable change in traditional pulmonary function tests but already have change in nitrogen washout tests. Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency is a genetic disorder associated with early-onset COPD. There is evidence that although patients who have well-preserved FEV1may already have signs of emphysema associated with symptoms. Therefore, the nitrogen washout test is considered to have more sensitive outcomes than other pulmonary function tests for early investigation of small airways disease and could allow the monitoring pulmonary function and evaluating of therapeutic decision.
Development and evaluation of a deep learning model for the detection of multiple fundus diseases based on colour fundus photography
Authors: Li Bing , Chen Huan , Zhang Bilei , Yuan Mingzhen , Jin Xuemin , Lei Bo , Xu Jie , Gu Wei , Wong David Chuen Soong , He Xixi , Wang Hao , Ding Dayong , Li Xirong , Chen Youxin , Yu Weihong
Published: March 2021

Aim

To explore and evaluate an appropriate deep learning system (DLS) for the detection of 12 major fundus diseases using colour fundus photography.

Methods

Diagnostic performance of a DLS was tested on the detection of normal fundus and 12 major fundus diseases including referable diabetic retinopathy, pathologic myopic retinal degeneration, retinal vein occlusion, retinitis pigmentosa, retinal detachment, wet and dry age-related macular degeneration, epiretinal membrane, macula hole, possible glaucomatous optic neuropathy, papilledema and optic nerve atrophy. The DLS was developed with 56 738 images and tested with 8176 images from one internal test set and two external test sets. The comparison with human doctors was also conducted.

Results

The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves of the DLS on the internal test set and the two external test sets were 0.950 (95% CI 0.942 to 0.957) to 0.996 (95% CI 0.994 to 0.998), 0.931 (95% CI 0.923 to 0.939) to 1.000 (95% CI 0.999 to 1.000) and 0.934 (95% CI 0.929 to 0.938) to 1.000 (95% CI 0.999 to 1.000), with sensitivities of 80.4% (95% CI 79.1% to 81.6%) to 97.3% (95% CI 96.7% to 97.8%), 64.6% (95% CI 63.0% to 66.1%) to 100% (95% CI 100% to 100%) and 68.0% (95% CI 67.1% to 68.9%) to 100% (95% CI 100% to 100%), respectively, and specificities of 89.7% (95% CI 88.8% to 90.7%) to 98.1% (95%CI 97.7% to 98.6%), 78.7% (95% CI 77.4% to 80.0%) to 99.6% (95% CI 99.4% to 99.8%) and 88.1% (95% CI 87.4% to 88.7%) to 98.7% (95% CI 98.5% to 99.0%), respectively. When compared with human doctors, the DLS obtained a higher diagnostic sensitivity but lower specificity.

Conclusion

The proposed DLS is effective in diagnosing normal fundus and 12 major fundus diseases, and thus has much potential for fundus diseases screening in the real world.
North Carolina macular dystrophy shows a particular drusen phenotype and atrophy progression
Authors: Birtel Johannes , Gliem Martin , Herrmann Philipp , Neuhaus Christine , Holz Frank G , MacLaren Robert E , Scholl Hendrik P N , Charbel Issa Peter
Published: March 2021

Background/Aim

To provide a comprehensive multimodal retinal imaging characterisation of patients with North Carolina macular dystrophy (NCMD).

Methods

Clinical evaluation and retinal imaging in six families.

Results

Twenty-one subjects showed phenotypic characteristics of NCMD . Small drusen-like deposits were found in all affected individuals, either tightly grouped in the macula, or surrounding atrophic or fibrotic macular alterations. These small subretinal lesions showed an increased fundus autofluorescence and were associated with only mild irregularities on optical coherence tomography imaging. Similar drusen-like deposits were regularly seen in the peripheral fundus, predominantly temporally and often with a radial distribution. Two patients showed a bilateral chorioretinal atrophy and two had a macular neovascularisation (MNV). Findings from follow-up examinations were available from 11 patients. The retinal phenotype remained overall stable, except for two patients: one patient with atrophy showed a distinct growth of the atrophic lesions on longitudinal AF imaging over a review period of 14 years. One patient with MNV showed a unilateral decline of best-corrected visual acuity. Genetic testing identified the single nucleotide variant chr6:100040987G>C upstream of thePRDM13gene in all family members with NCMD phenotype.

Conclusion

Patients with NCMD show a characteristic retinal phenotype and distribution of drusen that differ from drusen in patients with age-related macular degeneration. Although the prognosis of this developmental condition is overall better than for other macular diseases with drusen, patients may be at risk of developing MNV or enlargement of pre-existing atrophy.
Role of anterior segment optical coherence tomography angiography in assessing limbal vasculature in acute chemical injury of the eye
Authors: Ang Marcus , Foo Valencia , Ke Mengyuan , Tan Bingyao , Tong Louis , Schmetterer Leopold , Mehta Jodbhir S
Published: March 2021

Purpose

To study the role of two anterior segment optical coherence tomography angiography (AS-OCTA) systems in eyes with acute chemical injury.

Methods

Prospective study in subjects with unilateral chemical injuries. Sequential slit-lamp assessment with spectral domain (SD) (AngioVue, Optovue, USA) and swept source (SS) (Plex Elite, Zeiss, Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, California, USA) AS-OCTA was performed in both eyes within 24–48 hours of injury. Subjects were managed with a standard clinical protocol and followed-up for 3 months. We assessed limbal disruption (loss of normal limbal vessel architecture), limbal vessel density measurements and agreement (kappa coefficient, κ) between masked assessors of limbal disruption based on AS-OCTA scans and slit-lamp assessment.

Results

Ten subjects with median age 31 (25–33) years, 20% women, 60% suffered alkali injuries (Roper-Hall grade 1.5±0.7, Dua grade 2.3±1.2) at presentation. Mean limbal vessel density was lower in quadrants of affected eyes compared with controls detected by SD AS-OCTA (9.4%±2.0% vs 15.5%±1.8%, p<0.001) and SS AS-OCTA (8.8%±2.5% vs 13.9%±1.3%, p=0.01). There was substantial agreement when assessing limbal disruption on AS-OCTA (κ=0.7) compared with slit-lamp evaluation (κ=0.4). Overall, we found good agreement between SD and SS AS-OCTA systems in assessing limbal vessel density in eyes with chemical injury at presentation (mean paired difference: −1.08, 95% CI −3.2 to 0.5; p=0.189).

Conclusions

In this pilot study, AS-OCTA provided objective, non-contact, rapid assessment of limbal vasculature involvement in eyes with acute chemical injury. Further studies are required to establish the role of AS-OCTA in determining the prognosis of eyes with chemical injury.
Loss of ARID1A activates mTOR signaling and SOX9 in gastric adenocarcinoma—rationale for targeting ARID1A deficiency
Authors: Dong Xiaochuan , Song Shumei , Li Yuan , Fan Yibo , Wang Lulu , Wang Ruiping , Huo Longfei , Scott Ailing , Xu Yan , Pizzi Melissa Pool , Ma Lang , Wang Ying , Jin Jiangkang , Zhao Wei , Yao Xiaodan , Johnson Randy L , Wang Linghua , Wang Zhenning , Peng Guang , Ajani Jaffer A
Published: March 2021

Background

Gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) is a lethal disease with limited therapeutic options. Genetic alterations in chromatin remodelling gene AT-rich interactive domain 1A (ARID1A) and mTOR pathway activation occur frequently in GAC. Targeting the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in unselected patients has failed to show survival benefit. A deeper understanding of GAC might identify a subset that can benefit from mTOR inhibition.

Methods

Genomic alterations in ARID1A were analysed in GAC. Mouse gastric epithelial cells from CK19-Cre-Arid1Afl/fl and wild-type mice were used to determine the activation of oncogenic genes due to loss of Arid1A. Functional studies were performed to determine the significance of loss of ARID1A and the sensitivity of ARID1A-deficient cancer cells to mTOR inhibition in GAC.

Results

More than 30% of GAC cases had alterations (mutations or deletions) of ARID1A and ARID1A expression was negatively associated with phosphorylation of S6 and SOX9 in GAC tissues and patient-derived xenografts (PDXs). Activation of mTOR signalling (increased pS6) and SOX9 nuclear expression were strongly increased in Arid1A−/− mouse gastric tissues which could be curtailed by RAD001, an mTOR inhibitor. Knockdown of ARID1A in GAC cell lines increased pS6 and nuclear SOX9 and increased sensitivity to an mTOR inhibitor which was further amplified by its combination with fluorouracil both in vitro and in vivo in PDXs.

Conclusions

The loss of ARID1A activates pS6 and SOX9 in GAC, which can be effectively targeted by an mTOR inhibitor. Therefore, our studies suggest a new therapeutic strategy of clinically targeting the mTOR pathway in patients with GAC with ARID1A deficiency.
Linear brain atrophy measures in multiple sclerosis and clinically isolated syndromes: a 30-year follow-up
Authors: Haider Lukas , Chung Karen , Birch Giselle , Eshaghi Arman , Mangesius Stephanie , Prados Ferran , Tur Carmen , Ciccarelli Olga , Barkhof Frederik , Chard Declan
Published: March 2021

Objective

To determine 30-year brain atrophy rates following clinically isolated syndromes and the relationship of atrophy in the first 5 years and clinical outcomes 25 years later.

Methods

A cohort of 132 people who presented with a clinically isolated syndrome suggestive of multiple sclerosis (MS) were recruited between 1984–1987. Clinical and MRI data were collected prospectively over 30 years. Widths of the third ventricle and the medulla oblongata were used as linear atrophy measures.

Results

At 30 years, 27 participants remained classified as having had a clinically isolated syndrome, 34 converted to relapsing remitting MS, 26 to secondary progressive MS and 16 had died due to MS. The mean age at baseline was 31.7 years (SD 7.5) and the mean disease duration was 30.8 years (SD 0.9). Change in medullary and third ventricular width within the first 5 years, allowing for white matter lesion accrual and Expanded Disability Status Scale increases over the same period, predicted clinical outcome measures at 30 years. 1 mm of medullary atrophy within the first 5 years increased the risk for secondary progressive MS or MS related death by 30 years by 583% (OR 5.83, 95% CI 1.74 to 19.61, p<0.005), using logistic regression.

Conclusions

Our findings show that brain regional atrophy within 5 years of a clinically isolated syndrome predicts progressive MS or a related death, and disability 25 years later.
Hypoperfusion intensity ratio for refinement of elderly patient selection for endovascular thrombectomy
Authors: Monteiro Andre , Cortez Gustavo M , Greco Elena , Aghaebrahim Amin , Sauvageau Eric , Hanel Ricardo A
Published: March 2021

Background

Patients ≥80-year-old presenting with large-vessel occlusion treated with endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) have worst outcomes than younger individuals. Improved patient selection in this age range is warranted. We investigated the hypoperfusion-intensity-ratio (HIR) and its associations with baseline parameters and clinical outcomes in a cohort ≥80-year-old to assess whether it could an option in improving their selection for EVT.

Methods

We performed retrospective analysis of consecutive patients treated with EVT at our center between 2015 and 2019. Inclusion criteria were age ≥80-year-old, any baseline modified Rankin Scale (mRS), and anterior circulation occlusion. Demographic information, baseline characteristics, clinical data, and radiological imaging parameters were collected. HIR was dichotomized into favorable and unfavorable based on median value of the cohort. Good outcome was defined as mRS ≤2 at 90-days.

Results

We included 82 patients. HIR was significantly correlated with baseline ischemic core volume, NIHSS, and time-of-onset to groin puncture. Good outcome was achieved in 18.3% and mortality occurred in 34.1%. In patients with baseline mRS ≤2, the rate of good outcome was significantly higher in favorable vs unfavorable HIR (52.6% vs 20%, P=0.02). In shift-analysis, unfavorable HIR was significantly associated with downshift to mRS ≥3 (P=0.02). Regression analysis found lower baseline mRS (P=0.009), higher ASPECTS (P=0.02), complete recanalization (P=0.04), and lower HIR (P=0.02) to be associated with increased rate of good outcome. Hierarchical regression showed HIR to independently predict good outcome.

Conclusions

In our cohort, HIR was correlated with baseline parameters and predicted clinical outcomes. Future studies should investigate perfusion parameters such as HIR to improve the selection of elderly patients for EVT.
Impact of COVID-19 national lockdown on asthma exacerbations: interrupted time-series analysis of English primary care data
Authors: Shah Syed A , Quint Jennifer K , Nwaru Bright I , Sheikh Aziz
Published: March 2021

Background

The impact of COVID-19 and ensuing national lockdown on asthma exacerbations is unclear.

Methods

We conducted an interrupted time-series (lockdown on 23 March 2020 as point of interruption) analysis in asthma cohort identified using a validated algorithm from a national-level primary care database, the Optimum Patient Care Database. We derived asthma exacerbation rates for every week and compared exacerbation rates in the period: January to August 2020 with a pre-COVID-19 period and January to August 2016–2019. Exacerbations were defined as asthma-related hospital attendance/admission (including accident and emergency visit), or an acute course of oral corticosteroids with evidence of respiratory review, as recorded in primary care. We used a generalised least squares modelling approach and stratified the analyses by age, sex, English region and healthcare setting.

Results

From a database of 9 949 387 patients, there were 100 165 patients with asthma who experienced at least one exacerbation during 2016–2020. Of 278 996 exacerbation episodes, 49 938 (17.9%) required hospital visit. Comparing pre-lockdown to post-lockdown period, we observed a statistically significant reduction in the level (−0.196 episodes per person-year; p<0.001; almost 20 episodes for every 100 patients with asthma per year) of exacerbation rates across all patients. The reductions in level in stratified analyses were: 0.005–0.244 (healthcare setting, only those without hospital attendance/admission were significant), 0.210–0.277 (sex), 0.159–0.367 (age), 0.068–0.590 (region).

Conclusions

There has been a significant reduction in attendance to primary care for asthma exacerbations during the pandemic. This reduction was observed in all age groups, both sexes and across most regions in England.
About this title - Pannotia to Pangaea: Neoproterozoic and Paleozoic Orogenic Cycles in the Circum-Atlantic Region
Authors: Murphy J. B. , Strachan R. A. , Quesada C.
Published: March 2021

Special Publication 503 celebrates the career of R. Damian Nance. It features 27 articles, with more than 110 authors based in 18 different countries. These articles include contributions on the processes responsible for the formation and breakup of supercontinents, the controversies concerning the status of Pannotia as a supercontinent, the generation and destruction of Paleozoic oceans, and the development of the Appalachian-Ouachitan- Caledonide-Variscan orogens. In addition to field work, the approaches to gain that understanding include examining the relationships between stratigraphy and structural geology, precise geochronology, geochemical and isotopic fingerprinting, geodynamic modelling, regional syntheses, palaeogeographic modelling, and good old-fashioned arm-waving!

The wide range of topics mirrors the breadth and depth of Damian's contributions, interests and expertise. Like Damian's papers, the contributions range from the predominantly conceptual to detailed field work, but all are targeted at understanding important tectonic processes. Their scope not only varies in scale from global to regional to local, but also in the range of approaches required to gain that understanding.
11 Years with Wearables
Authors: Gan Yanglei , Wang Tianyi , Javaheri Alireza , Momeni-Ortner Elaheh , Dehghani Milad , Hosseinzadeh Mehdi , Rawassizadeh Reza
Published: March 2021

The role of wearable technology in our daily lives is rapidly growing and many users are cumulatively becoming dependent on it. To provide insight into the future of wearable technologies and various community attitudes towards them, we implemented an in-depth quantitative investigation of opinions from academic texts (DBLP and PubMed), social media (Twitter), news media (Google News and Bing News), and entrepreneurship communities (Kickstarter and Indiegogo) over a 10-year period. Our results indicate that unlike academia, the news media, entrepreneurship communities, and social media all hold overall positive attitudes towards wearable technologies. Secondly, there are diverse perspectives towards various wearable products across different platforms. Specifically, "XR" technologies received the most attention, while "Exoskeleton" ignited the most heated debates. Thirdly, we discovered that the lifetime of a hyped wearable technology lasts approximately three years. Furthermore, the news media and entrepreneurship community's attitudes towards wearable technologies did not have a strong impact on public opinion. Finally, among all types of wearable technologies, "fashion design" and "healthcare" products were the most enlightening for the market.
Next-Generation Mass Spectrometry Metabolomics Revives the Functional Analysis of Plant Metabolic Diversity
Authors: Li Dapeng , Gaquerel Emmanuel
Published: March 2021

The remarkable diversity of specialized metabolites produced by plants has inspired several decades of research and nucleated a long list of theories to guide empirical ecological studies. However, analytical constraints and the lack of untargeted processing workflows have long precluded comprehensive metabolite profiling and, consequently, the collection of the critical currencies to test theory predictions for the ecological functions of plant metabolic diversity. Developments in mass spectrometry (MS) metabolomics have revolutionized the large-scale inventory and annotation of chemicals from biospecimens. Hence, the next generation of MS metabolomics propelled by new bioinformatics developments provides a long-awaited framework to revisit metabolism-centered ecological questions, much like the advances in next-generation sequencing of the last two decades impacted all research horizons in genomics. Here, we review advances in plant (computational) metabolomics to foster hypothesis formulation from complex metabolome data. Additionally, we reflect on how next-generation metabolomics could reinvigorate the testing of long-standing theories on plant metabolic diversity.
Optobiochemistry: Genetically Encoded Control of Protein Activity by Light
Authors: Seong Jihye , Lin Michael Z.
Published: March 2021

Optobiochemical control of protein activities allows the investigation of protein functions in living cells with high spatiotemporal resolution. Over the last two decades, numerous natural photosensory domains have been characterized and synthetic domains engineered and assembled into photoregulatory systems to control protein function with light. Here, we review the field of optobiochemistry, categorizing photosensory domains by chromophore, describing photoregulatory systems by mechanism of action, and discussing protein classes frequently investigated using optical methods. We also present examples of how spatial or temporal control of proteins in living cells has provided new insights not possible with traditional biochemical or cell biological techniques.
Phagosome–Bacteria Interactions from the Bottom Up
Authors: Sivaloganathan Darshan M. , Brynildsen Mark P.
Published: March 2021

When attempting to propagate infections, bacterial pathogens encounter phagocytes that encase them in vacuoles called phagosomes. Within phagosomes, bacteria are bombarded with a plethora of stresses that often lead to their demise. However, pathogens have evolved numerous strategies to counter those host defenses and facilitate survival. Given the importance of phagosome–bacteria interactions to infection outcomes, they represent a collection of targets that are of interest for next-generation antibacterials. To facilitate such therapies, different approaches can be employed to increase understanding of phagosome–bacteria interactions, and these can be classified broadly as top down (starting from intact systems and breaking down the importance of different parts) or bottom up (developing a knowledge base on simplified systems and progressively increasing complexity). Here we review knowledge of phagosomal compositions and bacterial survival tactics useful for bottom-up approaches, which are particularly relevant for the application of reaction engineering to quantify and predict the time evolution of biochemical species in these death-dealing vacuoles. Further, we highlight how understanding in this area can be built up through the combination of immunology, microbiology, and engineering.
A Conversation with Michael Rutter
Authors: Rutter Michael , Werker Janet
Published: March 2021

The Annual Review of Developmental Psychology presents a conversation with Professor Sir Michael Rutter, held remotely in the time of COVID but nonetheless wonderfully revealing of who this incredible scholar is and how he thinks. The contributions he has made to our understanding of child development are so vast and varied as to almost defy description. Erudite, articulate, and rigorous in his science, Michael Rutter is also deeply compassionate, caring, and outcome oriented. With training in medicine, neurology, pediatrics, and psychiatry, he held the first child psychiatry appointment in the United Kingdom and set up both the MRC Child Psychiatry Research Unit and the MRC Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre (SGDP). Unfortunately, Sir Michael passed away on October 23, 2021 while this article was in press. We feel fortunate to have had the opportunity to get to know Sir Michael, and to share this interview with you.
Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis Improved after Eradication Therapy for Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Gao Yinglin , Gupta Nikhil , Abdalla Maisa
Published: March 2021

Helicobacterpylori (H. pylori) is a Gram-negative bacterium that colonizes gastric mucosa and is often transmitted through direct contact with saliva, contaminated food or water, and vomit. The majority of the infected individuals remain asymptomatic for a long period. Infection with H. Pylori often presents with dyspepsia, nausea, frequent belching, bloating, abdominal discomfort, burning abdominal pain, and peptic ulcer. A potential association between H. Pylori and recurrent aphthous stomatitis was previously reported; however, the presence of causative relationship between the two remained controversial. We are presenting a case of recurrent aphthous stomatitis of twenty-four-year history resolved after H. pylori treatment.
A Study on the Influencing Factors of Mobile Digital Music Selection in Subhealthy People Based on Perceived Value Theory
Authors: Jiang Ming , Lin Liming , Zhang Weiguo , Zhuang Weiqing , Jin Minghui , Lin Yi
Published: March 2021

Background. The mode of combining mobile terminals and mobile digital music has gradually entered a bottleneck period while promoting the development of the mobile terminal industry. Proposing personalized solutions for specific groups of people including subhealthy people has become the current direction for the further long‐term development of this mode. Understanding the influencing factors that affect subhealthy people’s selection of mobile digital music is an urgent problem that needs to be solved in the development of personalized solutions. Objective. This article analyzes the influencing factors of the purchase intent to buy mobile digital music for subhealthy people and provides suggestions for mobile terminal vendors on how to design personalized solutions for this group of people. Methods. In order to achieve the above goals, this article constructs an influencing factor model based on the theory of perceived value, collects data by means of questionnaires, and uses the method of structural equations to verify the proposed model. Results. The results show that perceived quality, perceived price, social value, and emotional value all have a significant effect on users’ purchase intention. Meanwhile, the conditional value and epistemic value have a negative moderating effect on the relationship between the social value and subhealthy people’s digital music purchase intention but strengthen the positive relationship between the emotional value and subhealthy people’s digital music purchase intention. Conclusions. The analysis shows that mobile terminal vendors should have their own unique attitudes and feelings when designing personalized mobile digital music solutions for subhealthy people, clarify their position, find strategies to improve the experience of subhealthy people, and win the reputation of subhealthy people. Let subhealthy people have a sense of belongingness.
Dynamic Modeling and CAE Cosimulation Method for Heavy‐Duty Concrete Spreader
Authors: Zhang Shiying , Zhang Ke , Song Bo , Yu Wenda , Li Dong
Published: March 2021

This paper presents the dynamic model of heavy‐duty concrete spreader with liquid‐solid rigid‐flexible coupling by means of mathematical modeling and CAE cosimulation. The mathematical method of liquid‐solid dynamic model of heavy‐duty concrete spreader is described. Based on the liquid‐solid coupling system, two degrees of freedom are added to change the model into a liquid‐solid rigid‐flexible coupling model, and the calculation process of the model is given in detail. The results show that, considering two flexible body factors, the solution scale is relatively large and the complexity of mathematical model derivation is increased. It is very difficult to establish a general dynamic equation which can be easily solved by computer. Therefore, this paper presents a new method of CAE cosimulation of liquid‐solid rigid‐flexible coupling. This method is divided into two parts: the computer simulation process of liquid‐solid coupling and the computer simulation process of rigid‐flexible coupling. First, the fluid‐solid coupling is carried out by COMSOL software, and then the rigid‐flexible coupling is carried out by HyperMesh software, Ansys software, and Adams software. This method can easily establish the dynamic model of the liquid‐solid rigid‐flexible coupling system, which provides a new idea for the simulation of heavy‐duty concrete spreader. The simulation results can provide valuable insights into product design and structural optimization.
Tunnel Behaviour Caused by Basement Excavation in Clay
Authors: Sun Huasheng , Zhang Jihua , Zhao Guodong , Wang Hao
Published: March 2021

Many researchers have investigated the effect of basement excavation on tunnel deformation. However, the influence of consolidation on the interaction of basement-tunnel-soil is rarely considered or systematically studied in clay. In this study, three-dimensional coupled-consolidation finite element analyses were conducted to investigate the effect of consolidation on the tunnel response to excavation. An advanced nonlinear constitutive model was adopted, and numerical parametric investigations were conducted to study the effect of the excavation depth, tunnel stiffness, soil permeability coefficient, and consolidation time on the tunnel response. The results revealed that the basement excavation led to stress release, which caused tunnel heave. Owing to the dissipation of excess negative pore water pressure, the tunnel heave further increased to become approximately twice as large compared with that observed when the foundation pit excavation had just been completed. As the consolidation time increased, the longitudinal tunnel heave and tunnel diameter change caused by the foundation pit excavation gradually increased, but the growth rate was slower down. When the consolidation time changed from 50 days to 150 days, the maximum tunnel heave at the crown and the maximum tunnel diameter change increased by 1.18 and 1.48 times, respectively. The soil’s permeability coefficient did not have a significant effect on the tunnel heave at the crown nor on the tunnel diameter change. The results obtained by this study are expected to be useful as an engineering reference for the analysis of soil structure problems in clay.
Construction of Consistent Comparison Matrix by Macharis’ Method Revisit
Authors: Lin Yi-Fong
Published: March 2021

A famous paper that has been cited more than four hundred times tried to combine (a) the preference ranking organization method for enrichment evaluations (PROMETHEE) and (b) the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to construct a new method for multicriteria decision-making problems. The paper developed a consistent comparison matrix for their AHP by the defined first row and then they allowed the expert to change several entries in the comparison matrix. Hence, how to construct a new comparison matrix that is (i) consistent and (ii) satisfying the assigned values by the expert becomes a challenging problem. A recent article provided a reply to the above problem by the construction of all entries for the comparison matrix. However, they did not follow the original design proposed by the famous paper. In this paper, we present a new approach with a proposition that satisfies the original design of the famous paper and also achieves two goals (i) and (ii). The research gap of proof is fulfilled by this paper. Our findings explain that the original construction of the famous paper to develop a consistent comparison matrix only by the first row with several assigned values by an expert is indeed workable under two additional restrictions proposed by the recent article. We believe that after our proposition, researchers have the confidence to execute the original design of the paper that has been cited more than four hundred times.
A Clinical Study on Initial Experience of COVID-19 ARDS in Obstetric Patients at a Tertiary Care Centre in India
Authors: Marwah Sheeba , Kanwar Reenu , Naghma Shahida , Dabral Anjali , Gupta Nitesh
Published: March 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by a novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)) which causes severe viral pneumonia rapidly leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Pregnant women are considered more vulnerable to severe viral respiratory infections owing to the physiological changes in pregnancy. In COVID-19, patient can present with a variety of symptoms of which dyspnoea is one that is also commonly seen in the late stages of pregnancy. The clinical presentation as well as response to therapy is highly variable, and since no conclusive proven treatment is available yet, prevention and symptomatic treatment remains the mainstay of management. Thus, we report a case series of four SARS-CoV-2-positive obstetric patients who presented with severe ARDS in a tertiary care hospital, posing diagnostic and therapeutic challenges to the clinician, and were managed with a holistic multidisciplinary stepwise approach. Through this, an effort has been made to sensitize the attending obstetrician on diverse presentation of COVID-19 disease and to emphasize the importance of prevention, early pick up, and timely optimal management of pneumonia in pregnant females with COVID-19. The clinical presentation of respiratory illness due to SARS-CoV-2 in pregnancy can be mistaken for exaggerated physiological changes of pregnancy leading to delay in seeking medical care. During the current pandemic, high suspicion for COVID-19 should be kept. If found symptomatic, immediate care should be sought in a designated facility and managed accordingly preferably with a multidisciplinary approach.