bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Medicamentos vencidos ou em desuso e riscos ambientais no município de Terenos, Mato Grosso do Sul
Authors: Tonet Gislaine , Morbeck de Oliveira Ademir Kleber , Gediel Rivero Wendt Carla Letícia , Marques de Araújo Giselle , Brito Ingryd Khristina , Rodrigues Ganassin Amanda , Matias Rosemary
Published: November 2020

No Brasil o descarte de medicamentos e insumos farmacêuticos de forma inadequada gera em torno de 10 e 28 mil toneladas, contribuindo para um problema em saúde pública e ambiental. Visando contribuir com a desconstrução deste cenário, o artigo tem como objetivo a caracterização e discussão dos potenciais impactos ambientais do descarte de medicamentos e/ou insumos farmacêuticos no lixo comum da cidade de Terenos, Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), a partir de coleta de quantificação realizada durante 2015 e 2016. A metodologia do estudo partiu de coleta em Unidade de Tratamento de Resíduos (UTR), com separação e quantificação dos medicamentos encontrados no lixo comum do município investigado. Foram coletados 80 tipos de fármacos que somaram um depósito total de cerca de 490 g a cada 15 dias, em projeção de descarte médio de 1,69 g ao ano de medicamentos em lixo comum por munícipe. Foram encontrados fármacos de alta toxidade (hormônios, antidepressivos e anti-helmínticos) que, embora fora das categorias principais de descarte, possuem potencial elevado de comprometimento ambiental. Conclui-se que o problema local do descarte de medicamentos em lixo comum é severo no município avaliado, no entanto, medidas mitigativas podem ser tomadas, tais como a educação da população e a oferta de unidades para descarte preferencial nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS).
O Impacto da Judicialização dos Medicamentos no Estado do Mato Grosso
Authors: De Melo Pereira Ariadne , Ferraz Abrantes Mary Lúcia , Salles da Silva Marcelo , Nogueira Diniz Susana , Donizeti Gonçalves Ivair , Silva Pereira Regina Mara , Dos Santos Márcio Luiz
Published: November 2020

A judicialização vem sendo utilizada como garantia de acesso a benefícios e serviços da saúde por intermédio do deferimento de ações judiciais, não observando as limitações do orçamento do poder público, o impacto financeiro e as características que essas ações pleiteadoras de medicamentos possam ocasionar para a coletividade. Este trabalho teve como objetivo, avaliar o perfil dos medicamentos requisitados por via judicial no Estado de Mato Grosso no período entre 2013 e 2014 e o total de ações e o volume de recursos gastos pela Secretaria de Estado de Mato Grosso no atendimento a estas ações, bem como o impacto da judicialização no orçamento público do Estado do Mato Grosso. A pesquisa demonstra uma habitual intervenção jurisdicional impondo a sobreposição do direito individual à saúde e assistência farmacêutica em relação às políticas públicas da saúde destinadas a coletividade. Para a realização deste trabalho, foram analisadas as informações de 6.547 mandados judiciais expedidos contra o Estado de Mato Grosso dentro deste período. Observou-se que o impacto no orçamento do estado de Mato Grosso representou aproximadamente 6% do orçamento da saúde, representando bloqueios judiciais no valor de R$ 123.717.882.05, superando os valores pagos com medicamentos não judicializados. A estratégia adotada pela Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Mato Grosso, para otimização de despesas com a judicialização dos medicamentos naquele Estado, demonstrou que reorganização administrativa é um instrumento eficaz aos estados na medida em que especializa os serviços de saúde e aumenta sua eficiência, diminuindo assim o volume de ações judiciais e consequentemente a oneração dos cofres públicos.

Palavras-chave: 1. Judicialização 2. Saúde 3. Medicamentos
Desigualdad de los ingresos fiscales en el departamento de Santander (1985-2017)
Authors: Barajas Ibáñez Betty Cecilia , Casas Herrera Julián Augusto
Published: November 2020

La descentralización pública en Colombia fue una de las reformas organizada mediante la aplicación del principio de libertad económica, lo cual buscaba revertir el proceso de centralización que comenzó a partir de la constitución de 1886. Así entonces, este documento analiza, a partir del índice de Theil y el coeficiente de Gini, el grado de desigualdad de los ingresos fiscales de los municipios de Santander para el periodo 1985 a 2017, lo que permitirá explicar la contribución de la descentralización fiscal en la reducción de las disparidades intermunicipales y provinciales. Los resultados indican, por un lado, a pesar de haberse reducido la desigualdad en el marco del proceso de descentralización fiscal, aún persisten marcadas disparidades entre los pequeños municipios del departamento; y por el otro, que el descenso de la desigualdad se logró, especialmente, por las trasferencias del gobierno central y la dinámica económica de los grandes municipios. Lo cual permitió concluir que la descentralización pretendía reducir las disparidades regionales, al trasladar el poder de decisión y ejecución de políticas públicas a cargo del nivel central hacia los territorios.
De lo sistémico a lo estratégico: dos pensamientos para el futuro organizacional
Authors: Rincón Estrada Julieth Fernanda
Published: November 2020

Pensar hace parte del día a día del ser humano y el pensamiento va a estar dado por características como la percepción, conciencia, memoria, incluso la imaginación. Este cúmulo de particularidades dan paso a la forma en cómo se piensa y se ejecutan las ideas, así entonces, dentro de las organizaciones y su direccionamiento se puede mencionar dos tipos de pensamientos básicos para la toma de decisiones estratégicas. El presente ensayo pretende desde la revisión documental abordar aspectos teóricos sobre el pensamiento sistémico y el pensamiento estratégico para comprender su impacto en el direccionamiento estratégico. La metodología corresponde a los de una revisión básica o teórica concluyendo que existe una relación entre ambos pensamientos y el éxito en la toma del direccionamiento estratégico.
Tipologías arquitectónicas y estilos de vida: paisajes del habitar
Authors: Álvarez Pedrosian Eduardo
Published: November 2020

En este ensayo nos centramos en la forma en que se relaciona íntimamente una tipología arquitectónica y urbana con paisajes del habitar, según prácticas y sus espacialidades. Se trata del caso de la casa a patio, dominante en el histórico segundo ensanche de Montevideo. En primer lugar realizamos una breve presentación. Después, nos focalizamos en el tipo y sus implicaciones históricas y antropológicas, para luego caracterizar una sensibilidad urbana a partir de entornos y ambientes del habitar. Por último, retomamos la discusión sobre lo moderno en clave contemporánea, buscando compartir una reflexión abierta a la multiplicidad de oportunidades que nos presenta el caso.
High-intensity interval training improves specific performance in taekwondo athletes
Authors: Aravena Tapia Diego Enrique , Roman Barrera Valeria , Da Silva Santos Jonatas Ferreira , Franchini Emerson , Valdés Badilla Pablo , Orihuela Pedro , Herrera Valenzuela Tomás
Published: November 2020

Specific training methods is an important aspect in the preparation of taekwondo athletes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a short-duration high-intensity interval training (HIIT) program with specific taekwondo techniques on anaerobic performance. Twelve taekwondo athletes were randomized into a control (n=6) or experimental groups (n=6). The experimental protocol consisted of 3 blocks of 6 sets of 10s all-out effort, with 10s passive recovery between sets and 1-min rest interval between blocks, conducted 3 days per week during 4-weeks. A three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (group, set and moment) with repeated measurements in the two last factors was conducted to compare the performance during each set of the Frequency Speed Kick Test (FSKT), and an ANOVA two-way (group and moment) with repeated measurements was used to compare the total number of kicks and kick decrement index (KDI). Both groups maintained their regular taekwondo training, which was exactly the same. Before and after the training program the athletes performed the FSKT. The experimental group increased (p<0.01) performance in each of the five sets of the FSKT and in the total number of kicks (p<0.001). No statistical difference was observed in the control group after 4-weeks or between the control and experimental group in any moment. A short-duration HIIT program with specific taekwondo techniques improved anaerobic performance measured through the FSKT. However, the fatigue index did not change.
Recomendaciones de entrenamiento intervalado para atletas de deportes de combate olímpicos durante la pandemia del COVID-19
Authors: Herrera-Valenzuela Tomás , Valdés-Badilla Pablo , Franchini Emerson
Published: November 2020

La pandemia del COVID-19 ha obligado a los gobiernos decretar cuarentena y aislamiento social en la población con la intención de aplanar la curva de contagio, hechos que han afectado de igual modo la preparación de los atletas. En dicho contexto, hemos desarrollado algunas recomendaciones de entrenamiento intervalado de alta intensidad (HIIT) que podrían ejecutar atletas de deportes de combate olímpicos en sus hogares. Los protocolos HIIT debiesen complementarse con ejercicios de fortalecimiento muscular con el propio peso corporal (similares a los ejercicios técnicos), con la intención de conservar la masa muscular y la condición física de los atletas. Finalmente, situaciones de emergencia requieren planes de contingencia en el deporte.
Effect of different stages on match outcomes during high level judo competitions
Authors: Ceylan Bayram , Öztürk Furkan , Balci Sükrü Serdar
Published: November 2020

This study aimed to demonstrate the effect of successive stages of high-level judo competitions on match outcome and the factors effecting it. A total of 4550 official matches in both men and women were included in the analysis. Frequencies and percentages were used for descriptive statistics. Mean and standard deviations with 95% confidence intervals were also presented. The difference in the variables investigated for each stage of judo competitions was analysed with the Chi-square test. Continuous variables were analysed with the Kruskal-Wallis test. The way competitors won a match differed in elimination, final stages, and medal matches (p=.02). When the difficulty of the matches increased, the percentage of the matches ended with ippon decreased and the percentage of the matches resulted with waza-ari increased. The percentage of the matches without any shido decreased from the elimination to the finals while there was a significant increase in the percentage of the matches with shido (p=.01). The match duration was found to increase from eliminations to the finals (p=.00). The efficiency index of the winner athletes during the first stage was higher than the other stages (p<.05). In conclusion, high-level judo athletes won a match with different scores at different stages during high-level judo competitions. Moreover, athletes were awarded with penalties more during the finals compared to eliminations, and match duration incrementally increased from the eliminations to the finals.
Uzun Dönemde İşçi Döviz Havalelerinin İhracat Üzerindeki Etkisi: Hollanda Hastalığı Geçerli Mi?
Authors: YILDIRIM Sinan
Published: November 2020

Hollanda hastalığı kabaca, dövizin bollaşması sonucunda yerel para biriminin değerlenip ihracatta rekabeti olumsuz etkilemesi şeklinde tanımlanabilir. Bu çalışmada, 2017 baz yılında işçi döviz havalelerinin GSYİH’ ya oranı en yüksek 10 ülkeden 6’sında işçi döviz havalelerinin ihracat üzerindeki uzun dönemli etkisi panel eş-bütünleşme testleri ile incelenmiş, işçi döviz havalelerinin Hollanda Hastalığı durumuna yol açıp açmadığı araştırılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, işçi döviz havaleleri ile ihracat serileri eş-bütünleşik bulunmuştur. PDOLS yöntemiyle elde edilen uzun dönem işçi döviz havaleleri katsayısı negatif ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlıdır. Dolayısıyla işçi döviz havaleleri ihracatı azaltmaktadır. Bu durumda işçi döviz havalelerinin uzun dönemde dış ülkelerle rekabet gücünü azaltmakta olduğu söylenebilir. Bir başka ifadeyle, Hollanda Hastalığı durumu söz konusudur. Bu durum, işçi döviz havalelerinin sadece hane halkı refahını artırdığını, toplam yatırımların artmasını sağlayacak şekilde sermaye stokuna dönüşmediğini göstermektedir. Politikacılar, işçi döviz havalelerinin yatırımlara daha fazla dönüşmesini sağlayarak daha fazla ihracat rakamlarına ulaşabilirler. Bundan sonraki çalışmalarda, farklı dönemler ele alınabileceği gibi ele alınan ülke sayısı da artırılabilir. Coğrafi olarak bakıldığında bu ülkeler birbirine komşu ülkeler ise mekânsal panel veri yöntemleri ile analizler yapılabilir.
Çevrimiçi Yorumdan Algılanan Fayda: Ürün Kullanım Süresinin ve Yorumun İnandırıcılığının Rolü
Authors: YETKİN ÖZBÜK Raife Meltem
Published: November 2020

Ürün ve hizmetler hakkında çevrimiçi (online) yorum okuyanların, bu yorumların doğruluğu ve tarafsızlığına dair şüpheleri her geçen gün artmaktadır. Bu sebeple, tüketicilerin bu yorumlara inanmasını ve faydalı bulmasını sağlamak amacıyla firmalar, çevrimiçi yorum yazanlardan yorumun gerçekçi olduğuna dair ipuçları sunmalarını istemektedir. Bu ipuçlarından biri olan ürün kullanım süresinin çevrimiçi yorumda belirtilmesi mevcut araştırmada ele alınmıştır. Bu kapsamda, çevrimiçi yorumda ürün kullanım süresinin yer almasının, okuyucunun yorumdan algıladığı fayda üzerindeki etkileri, bu etkinin olumlu ve olumsuz yorumlar için nasıl farklılaştığı ve yorumun inandırıcılığının bu etkideki aracılık rolü incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla, üç ön-araştırma ile çevrimiçi yorumun manipülasyonu sağlanmış; sonrasında ise dört farklı senaryonun yer aldığı denekler arası faktöriyel tasarım modeli uygulanmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda ürün kullanım süresinin çevrimiçi yorumda yer almasının yorumdan algılanan faydayı önemli ölçüde arttırdığı görülmüştür. Olumsuz çevrimiçi yorumlarda ürün kullanım süresinin belirtilmesi algılanan faydayı olumlu yorumlarda belirtilmesine göre daha az etkilemektedir. Ayrıca, ürün kullanım süresinin çevrimiçi yorumda belirtilmesi algılanan faydayı yorumun inandırıcılığı aracılıyla etkilemektedir.
Safety of low-dose prolonged infusion of tissue plasminogen activator therapy in patients with thromboembolic events in the intensive care unit
Authors: Kalkan Mehmet Emin , Yildiz Mustafa , Ak Hulya Yilmaz , Zencirkiran Agus Hicaz , Ozsahin Yasemin , Aykan Ahmet Cagri , Oksen Dogac
Published: November 2020

Objective Thromboembolic events such as acute coronary syndrome related prosthetic heart valve thrombosis, pulmonary artery embolism and renal artery embolism are a rare condition but a major cause of morbidity and mortality. In this study we discussed low-dose thrombolytic therapy, in patients with thromboembolic events in the intensive care unit.Methods The study was performed on 12 consecutive patients [8 female; 50.3±16.0 (35–95) years] with acute thromboembolism including acute coronary syndrome related prosthetic heart valve thrombosis, acute pulmonary embolism and acute renal embolism who were treated with low-dose (25 mg) and slow infusion (6 hours) of t-PA. We evaluated mainly in-hospital safety and also effectiveness.Total treatment episodes was 1.66±0.88 (1-4) times.Results All thromboembolic events have been successfully treated with low-dose (25 mg) and slow infusion (6 hours) of t-PA. The success criteria were clinically improvement and radiologically lysis. None of the patients had ischemic stroke, intracranial hemorrhage, embolism (peripheral and recurrence of coronary artery embolism), bleeding requiring transfusion. The most frequent in-hospital complication was a gum bleeding without need for transfusion (two patients).Conclusions In our case series low-dose (25 mg) and slow infusion (6 hours) of t-PA have been performed successfully for thromboembolic events including acute coronary syndrome related prosthetic heart valve thrombosis, pulmonary embolism and renal embolism in patients with in the intensive care unit. Safety is promising and if efficacy will be proved; this method may be a valuable alternative to standard fibrinolytic regimen.
Peripartum cardiomyopathy or takotsubo cardiomyopathy? The clinical case with arterial hypotension and pulmonary edema
Authors: Vyshlov E. V. , Tsoi E. I. , Demyanov S. V. , Ryabov V. V.
Published: November 2020

A 29-year old female patient without a history of cardiovascular diseases was admitted on emergency to a surgical hospital with acute calculous cholecystitis in 3 months after uncomplicated term birth. During laparoscopic cholecystectomy, she developed arterial hypotension with pulmonary edema, which required intravenous sympathomimetics. On the next day, after improvement of the condition and stabilization of hemodynamics, cardiac ultrasound showed diffuse left ventricular (LV) hypokinesis with the ejection fraction (EF) of 38 %. Electrocardiogram detected transient left bundle branch block followed by persistent negative T waves in leads I, aVL, and V2 V6. Troponin I concentration was increased to 1.2 ng /ml. Beta-blocker and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor were administered. At 10 days, the LV contractile function completely recovered with LV EF of 59 %. Magnetic resonance imaging did not reveal any signs of myocardial infarction or myocarditis. A differential diagnosis was performed between peripartum cardiomyopathy and Takotsubo syndrome. Considering the fast recovery of LV systolic function, the patient was discharged with a diagnosis of Takotsubo syndrome.
Efficacy and safety of new oral anticoagulants as part of triple antithrombotic therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation and acute coronary syndrome. Data from an observational study
Authors: Sycheva N. A. , Koroleva L. Yu. , Nosov V. P. , Kovaleva G. V. , Paikova N. N. , Volkova A. T. , Kisel A. M.
Published: November 2020

Aim To study efficacy and safety of a triple antithrombotic therapy with direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation after acute coronary syndrome, for 12 months following discharge from the hospital.Materials and methods This single-site cohort, prospective, observational study performed at the Regional Vascular Center 2 of the N.A. Semashko Nizhniy Novgorod Regional Clinical Hospital included 402 patients. It was possible to maintain contacts with 206 patients for 12 months. These patients were divided into two groups, the DOAC treatment (n=105) and the warfarin treatment (n=101) as a part of triple antithrombotic therapy upon discharge. Clinical observation was performed at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after the discharge by structured telephone interview. Predetermined efficacy endpoints included cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis, and ischemic stroke. Safety endpoints included bleeding defined as small, medium (clinically significant), and major in accordance with the TIMI classification.Results At 12 months of follow-up, 80 patients (76.19%) continued taking DOAC and 39 patients (38.61%, p<0.001) continued taking warfarin; in this process, only 25 patients (24.75%) monitored their INR on a regular basis. With a regular INR monitoring and TTR >70%, death rate did not differ in the warfarin and the DOAC treatment groups. However, there was a difference in reaching the composite efficacy endpoint (p=0.048): ischemic events occurred statistically significantly more frequently in the warfarin treatment group than in the DOAC treatment group.Conclusions In 12 months after discharge from the hospital, compliance with the DOAC treatment as a part of the antithrombotic therapy was significantly higher than compliance with the warfarin treatment. The triple antithrombotic therapy with DOAC was safer than the warfarin treatment by the number of hemorrhagic complications and more effective in prevention of ischemic events, primarily due to no need for monitoring of lab test values.
Prediction-Determining Outcomes and Their Predictors in Atrial Fibrillation Patients Receiving Multicomponent Antithrombotic Therapy in Real Clinical Practice
Authors: Krivosheeva E. N. , Panchenko E. P. , Kropacheva E. S. , Dobrovolsky A. B. , Titaeva E. V. , Mironov V. M. , Samko A. N.
Published: November 2020

Aim     Searching for clinical, angiographic, and biochemical predictors of cardiovascular complications (CVC) and hemorrhagic complications in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) receiving a multicomponent antithrombotic therapy (MAT) for an elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) and AF who require MAT for PCI are at a high risk of thrombotic complications (stroke, systemic embolism, coronary events) and hemorrhage. This warrants searching for new risk factors determining prediction of the outcome.

Materials and methodsThis study included 207 patients (146 males aged 70.1±8.3 years) with IHD and AF who received direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) as a part of their MAT therapy. Median duration of the follow-up was 12 [8.0; 12.0] months. The efficacy endpoint was a sum of CVCs combining cardiovascular death, ischemic stroke, venous thromboembolic complications, acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and requirement for an unscheduled PCI. “Coronary events”, including ACS and requirement for an unscheduled PCI were analyzed separately. The safety endpoint was BARC type 2-5 bleeding. Upon admission, biomarkers (growth-differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15), D-dimer, thrombin-activated fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1)) were measured for all patients. Searching for prognostically significant indexes was performed with the Cox proportional hazards regression.

ResultsIncidence of all CVCs was 16.4 %. Independent predictors of CVC included the DOAC treatment at a reduced dose (odds ratio (OR) 2.5 at 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.02-6.15; p=0.0454), GDF-15 >1191 pg /ml (OR 3.76 at 95 % CI, 1.26-11.18; p=0.0172), PAI-1 >13.2 U/ml (OR 2.67 at 95 % CI, 1.13-6,26; p=0.0245). Incidence of coronary complications was 9.2 %. Independent predictors of coronary complications included a SYNTAX index >26.5 (OR 4.5 at 95 % CI, 1.45-13.60; p=0.0090), PCI for chronic coronary occlusion (OR 3.21 at 95 % CI, 1.10-9.33; p=0.0326), a GDF-15 >1191 pg/ml (ОR 4.70 at 95 % CI, 1.32-16.81; p=0.0172). Incidence of BARC type 2-5 bleeding was 26.1 %. The only independent predictor for hemorrhage complications was the total PRECISE-DAPT score >30 (ОR 3.22; 95 % CI, 1.89-5.51; р<0.0001).

Conclusion     Three independent predictors of CVC were identified for patients with IHD and AF treated with MAT following an elective PCI: treatment with a reduced dose of DOAC, GDF-15 >1191 pg /ml, and PAI-1>13.2 U/ml. Independent predictors of coronary complications included a SYNTAX index >26.5, PCI for chronic coronary occlusion, and GDF-15 >1191 pg/ml. The factor associated with a risk of bleeding was the total PRECISE-DAPT score >30.
Positive Effects of Perindopril on Microvascular Vessels in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Safonova J. I. , Kozhevnikova M. V. , Danilogorskaya Yu. A. , Zheleznykh E. A. , Zektser V. Y. , Shchendrygina A. A. , Ilgisonis I. S. , P. E. V. , Khabarova N. V. , Belenkov Yu. N.
Published: November 2020

Aim      To evaluate the effect of 12-month perindopril treatment on structure and function of microvasculature (MV) in patients with chronic heart failure with preserved (HFpEF) and intermediate (HFiEF) left ventricular ejection fraction.

Material and methods  30 patients with HFpEF and HFiEF were evaluated. Perindopril at a maximum tolerated dose was administered to all patients for 12 months. Changes in MV structure and function were assessed with photoplethysmography and capillaroscopy prior to the treatment onset and at 12 months, i.e., after completion of the perindopril treatment.

Results The 12-month perindopril treatment was associated with improvement of the endothelial function evident as increases in the occlusion index (OI) and the phase shift (PS). OI increased from 1.45 [1.3; 1.6] to 1.8 [1.6; 2.2] (p=0.00004). PS increased from 7.1 ms [4.8; 10.2] to 9.2 ms [6.7; 13.2] (p=0.0003). Stiffness of muscular large blood vessels was decreased. Arterial stiffness index (aSI) decreased from 8.8 [6.6; 11.0] to 7.45 [6.5; 9.4] m /s (р=0.01). The perindopril treatment was associated with increased density of the capillary network at rest (р=0.008) and in tests with venous occlusion (р=0.003) and reactive hyperemia (р=0.0003).

Conclusion      The study showed an improvement of endothelial function associated with the 12-month perindopril therapy in patients with HFpEF and HFiEF.
Combination therapy at an early stage of the novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19). Case series and design of the clinical trial “BromhexIne and Spironolactone for CoronаvirUs Infection requiring hospiTalization (BISCUIT)”
Authors: Mareev V. Yu. , Orlova Ya. A. , Pavlikova E. P. , Matskeplishvili S. T. , Akopyan Z. A. , Plisyk A. G. , Seredenina E. M. , Asratyan D. A. , Potapenko A. V. , Malakhov P. S. , Samokhodskaya L. M. , Mershina E. A. , Sinitsyn V. E. , Bulanova M. M. , Fuks A. A. , Mareev Yu. V. , Begrambekova Yu. L. , Kamalov A. A.
Published: November 2020

The article focuses on effective treatment of the novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) at early stages and substantiates the requirement for antiviral therapy and for decreasing the viral load to prevent the infection progression. The absence of a specific antiviral therapy for the SARS-CoV-2 virus is stated. The authors analyzed results of early randomized studies using lopinavir/ritonavir, remdesivir, and favipiravir in COVID-19 and their potential for the treatment of novel coronavirus infection. Among the drugs blocking the virus entry into cells, the greatest attention was paid to the antimalaria drugs, chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine. The article addresses in detail ineffectiveness and potential danger of hydroxychloroquine, which demonstrated neither a decrease in the time of clinical recovery nor any improvement of prognosis for patients with COVID-19. The major objective was substantiating a possible use of bromhexine, a mucolytic and anticough drug, which can inhibit transmembrane serin protease 2 required for entry of the SARS-CoV-2 virus into cells. Spironolactone may have a similar feature. Due to its antiandrogenic effects, spironolactone can inhibit X-chromosome-related synthesis of ACE-2 receptors and activation of transmembrane serin protease 2. In addition to slowing the virus entry into cells, spironolactone decreases severity of fibrosis in different organs, including the lungs. The major part of the article addresses clinical examples of managing patients with COVID-19 at the University Clinic of the Medical Research and Educational Centre of the M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, including successful treatment with schemes containing bromhexine and spironolactone. In conclusion, the authors described the design of a randomized, prospective BISCUIT study performed at the University Clinic of the M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University with an objective of evaluating the efficacy of this scheme.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in pregnant women: an observational study
Authors: Joshi D. Suyajna , G. Vijayalakshmi , N. Kavya , Rajeswari Rai , Banu Ruksar , . Jayasakthi
Published: November 2020

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an emergency health delinquent, with increase in cases worldwide. Pregnant women with COVID-19 positive status are also on rise and reported complications that occur to them during pregnancy, delivery and puerperium accentuates the need for superior care.Methods: This is a prospective cross sectional observational study of 133 pregnant COVID-19 positive patients delivered at District Hospital, Bellary, Karnataka during the period June 2020 to September 2020.Results: In the present study 87.9% were in age 20 to 30 years. 96.3% patients belong to lower socio-economic status. 4.5% patients had mild anaemia, 11.2% had moderate anaemia and 4.5% had severe anaemia. Non-severe pre-eclampsia was present in 11.2% of the patients, severe pre-eclampsia in 12% and 0.7% had gestational hypertension. Mode of delivery was 17.4% Full term normal delivery (FTND), 9% Full term vaginal delivery (FTVD), emergency Lower segment caesarean section (LSCS) in 67.7% cases and preterm delivery was seen in 4.5% of the cases. Elevated levels of D-dimer were found in 9.7% of the cases. One maternal death was reported in the study due to COVID-19 pneumonia.Conclusions: This study evaluates the obstetric and clinical outcome in COVID-19 positive patients who are in labor. Although our conclusions are limited, the findings obtained are important for understanding the clinical parameters, obstetric parameters and perinatal outcome.
Evaluación de la biomasa residual (cereza) de café como sustrato para el cultivo del hongo comestible Pleurotus ostreatus
Authors: Amaya-Cano Juan Sebastian , Salcedo-Galán Felipe
Published: November 2020

En la actualidad,el desarrollo de nuevos productos alimenticios que posean la incorporación de principios activos se ha convertido en un factor de vital importancia para que las industrias alimenticias puedan competir en el mercado, brindando solución a las necesidades actuales y futuras de sus clientes. La microencapsulación se presenta como una novedosa alternativa para generar productos con valor agregado, ya que permite evitar la degradación de compuestos activos, así como también desagradables cambios en el sabor, especialmente en el caso de los aceites esenciales. Se estudió la microencapsulación de aceite de oliva y aceite de almendra desde la formulación de una emulsión para generar las microcápsulas que posteriormente se obtuvieron por el método de secado por atomización en el Minispray Dryer B-290. Se analizaron la morfología, el porcentaje de aceite encapsulado y las tasas de liberación dentro del cuerpo humano. Los resultados obtenidos permitieron determinar que es posible encapsular aceites esenciales por el método de secado por atomización. Esto permite prevenir la degradación de los ácidos grasos en el almacenamiento de aceites y la digestión gástrica, además de entregarlos directamente en el intestino delgado. Por otro lado, un aceite con mayor porcentaje de ácidos grasos incrementa la tendencia de aglomeración de las microcápsulas. Finalmente, se comprobó que las microcápsulas con maltodextrina como material de pared pueden retener mayor cantidad de aceite de almendra, en comparación con el aceite de oliva
Simbolismo jurídico
Authors: Peralta Parra Jorge Enrique
Published: November 2020

Existe en Colombia un fenómeno social que puede ser denominado simbolismo jurídico, en virtud del cual, el populismo legislativo adquiere su máxima expresión, al producir normas que no gozan de eficacia jurídica o al producir normas que terminan vulnerando derechos fundamentales. Este afán en la promulgación de leyes hace evidente la necesidad de implementar una técnica legislativa que materialice principios de racionalidad, lógica y argumentación, en virtud del cual, el legislador deberá estructurar los proyectos de ley a partir de la relación que surge entre política y derecho, donde la norma jurídica será el resultado de un ejercicio técnico, consensuado y participativo.
Structural Equation Model to Measure the Leveraging Factors of Research Productivity in Private Universities: Lecturers' Perceptions
Authors: Harahap Hadry , Andriani Dewi , Oemar Harris
Published: November 2020

Lecturers play an important role in carrying out tasks that are neatly packaged in the Tri Dharma Perguruan Tinggi which consists of conducting research, writing, and publishing the results of their research in reputable journals and providing service to the surrounding community according to the subject specialization of individuals. The purpose  of this study is to determine. Structural Equation Model to Measure the Leveraging Factors of Research Productivity in Private Universities: Lecturers' Perceptions  This study was conducted to test the proposed hypothesis using quantitative research methods and was designed according to the variables to be studied. as well as data analysis techniques using SEM with IBM AMOS 2 software. Based on the results of the analysis, it can be concluded that a new model was found on the positive direct effect of the reward system, transformational leadership style, communication, and motivation on productivity.
Investigating Curing Kinetics for a Thin-Walled Carbon Fibre Structure
Authors: Chen Ya. , Maung P.P. , Malysheva G.V.
Published: November 2020

The paper presents a computational method and an example of using it to derive parameters of a high-pressure filament-wound carbon fibre vessel designed for unmanned aerial vehicle applications. A feature of the vessel design is its variable thickness, which may result in temperature gradients, residual stresses, and diminished strength. We propose a method for assessing curing kinetics that takes into account the heat emitted during this process. We used the ESI PAM-RTM software package for simulation and determined that at the initial stage of the curing process the temperature and degree of curing in the thinner part of the product exceed those in its thicker part. As the degree of curing increases, the exothermic reaction taking place affects the temperature fields, which leads to an increase in temperatures and degree of curing in the thicker regions. In order to level the temperature gradients and degree of curing over the whole vessel, we propose to heat it at different rates. Our investigation results allowed us to establish the optimum manufacturing conditions ensuring the minimum temperature gradient values
The Effect of Gradient Correctionsin Calculating the Energy of Electron Gas on Metal Surface
Authors: Glushkov V.L. , Erkovich O.S.
Published: November 2020

The paper describes the results of studying the effect of gradient corrections to the kinetic and exchange-correlation energy functional in calculating the surface energy of a metal surface; the calculations are performed within the framework of the density functional theory. The electron density distribution profile near the metal surface was calculated by the variational method for two test functions, which differ by taking into account the electron density oscillations. The exact form of the kinetic and exchange-correlation energy functional is unknown; therefore, to calculate the surface energy of the selected metals, various gradient corrections for the second and fourth order electron gas inhomogeneity are used. The effect of the discreteness of the ionic lattice and the orientation of the crystallographic planes on the spatial distribution of the electron gas is taken into account within the framework of perturbation theory; the Ashcroft pseudopotential is taken as the one to describe the electron-ion interaction. The use of a fourth-order gradient correction for the exchange-correlation and kinetic energies has little effect on the calculated values of the surface energy of alkali metals. The calculation results do not always agree well with the experimental values of the selected metals. This may be due to the fact that the relaxation of the metal surface is not taken into consideration and because of the large error in obtaining the experimental values of the surface energy
Dorastanie w okowach higieny i eugeniki w świetle piśmiennictwa Warszawskiego Towarzystwa Higienicznego na początku XX wieku
Authors: Bołdyrew Aneta
Published: November 2020

Artykuł dotyczy higienizacji i medykalizacji postaw wobec młodzieży w Królestwie Polskim na początku XX w. w piśmiennictwie o charakterze naukowym i popularyzatorskim Warszawskiego Towarzystwa Higienicznego. Lekarze i higieniści, zaangażowani społecznikowsko, pisali o zdrowiu, higienie i wychowaniu młodego pokolenia, także z uwzględnieniem kryteriów eugenicznych. Zmedykalizowana postawa wobec młodzieży była przejawem dążenia do jej kontroli i dyscyplinowania.
On the Education of Girls at the Beginning of the 20th Century as Described in the Journal “Świat Kobiecy”
Authors: Michalska Iwonna
Published: November 2020

This paper presents the issue of the education of girls as described in the weekly titled “Świat Kobiecy” (Women’s World), published in 1905–1906 by Zjednoczone Koło Ziemianek (the United Landladies’ Association). Analysis of 104 issues of that journal showed that it believed in the great importance of not only learning how to read and write, but also of the further education of women. It showed solutions adopted in that area in European countries and, on the other hand, proposed various ways to gain an education in Poland, describing specific types of schools and their locations. For the daughters of landowners, it recommended mainly occupational schools. It also provided detailed advice concerning the organization of home schooling to mothers of young girls who could not be educated in institutions for various reasons. For talented girls interested in their own intellectual development and having the necessary funds, it proposed secondary and university education. The approach of the editors of “Świat Kobiecy” fits the tendency of discussions concerning the education of women held at the beginning of the 20th century.
Między godnością a zniewoleniem. Naukowa refleksja na temat dziecka w perspektywie historycznej w jubileuszu czterdziestolecia białostockiej szkoły historii wychowania
Authors: Kalisz Łukasz
Published: November 2020

Artykuł przedstawia osiągnięcia Katedry Historii Wychowania Wydziału Nauk o Edukacji Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku w jubileuszu 40-lecia istnienia. Autor zaprezentował najważniejsze osiągnięcia zespołu białostockich historyków wychowania, kierowanych przez profesor Elwirę Kryńską. Szczególnym obszarem badawczym opisanym w artykule są zagadnienia godności i zniewolenia dziecka w perspektywie historycznej. Artykuł ma także na celu zaprezentowanie głównych założeń VIII Ogólnopolskiej Konferencji Naukowej Dziecko w historii – między godnością a zniewoleniem, która została zaplanowana na 24–25 maja 2021 r.
The Role of Scientific Research in Local Community Service from the Perspective of Faculty Members of some Palestinian Universities
Authors: بركات أ.د. زياد
Published: November 2020

The present study aimed at investigating the role of scientific research in the development of the local community from the point of view of the faculty members in the Palestinian Universities. To achieve this objective, a convenient sample of (244) faculty members from the universities of northern Palestine: Al-Quds Open University (Tulkarm), An-Najah National (Nablus), Technical Palestine - Khadouri (Tulkarem), and Arab American (Jenin). The results of the study showed that the participants' assessment of the importance of the role of scientific research in community development was medium in the overall instrument and two dimensions: applied research and scientific consultancy, but their assessment of awareness-raising was high. On the other hand, the results showed that there were statistically significant differences in the level of the role of practical research in the development of the community attributed to the gender variable in favor of males on the overall instrument and three dimensions, while there were no statistically significant differences in the level of participants' assessment attributed to the variable of specialization. The differences were in favor of the disciplines of educational sciences and applied sciences. There were also statistically significant differences in the level of their assessment attributed to the qualification variable on the overall instrument and the three dimensions in favor of PhD holders.Keywords: scientific research, community service, awareness-raising, applied research, scientific consultancy.
The shift towards democratic governance: System change versus regime change analysis in The Gambia 2017-2019
Authors: Danso Sunkung , Asmorowati Sulikah
Published: November 2020

Democratic governance has been seen as a catalyst for inclusive growth and meaningful development in many countries. Shifting from authoritarian rule to more democratic rule has also been seen as essential for many governments worldwide. Democratic governance is often a problem for developing countries, including most African countries and particularly The Gambia. This paper analyses the shift towards a more democratic governance style that is heated debated in The Gambia. The debate started when one of the coalition government members asserted that they could achieve regime change; however, a democratic system change remains lacking. This paper has sought to analyze whether the shift toward a more democratic leadership style in The Gambia is one of system change or regime change and ascertain what has democratically changed and bad governance in the new government. This article’s main objective is to create political awareness and enlighten the readers on the change’s misconceptions towards democratic governance. The discussion focuses on democratic governance and the collective action theory of governance to explain the democratic process in New Gambia. This study adopts qualitative case study research methods; the research employed a systematic review of the existing scholarly journal articles, books, newspapers, and television interview recordings. The observation used to identify, understand, and interpret the democratic governance situation in The Gambia from 2017 to 2019. The findings show that the coalition government has succeeded in achieving a democratic regime change; however, the democratic system change itself is too slow, or it is not happening. For the first time in The Gambia’s history, a seating president defeat through the ballot box. In conclusion, the democratic governance system change is far-fetched. It is vital to state that there is little or no difference between Jammeh’s regime and the current regime under President Barrow’s leadership. The same problems continue to persist. Finally, the transparency and accountability mechanisms must be enhanced to address the endemic problem of corruption.
The Coulomb Symmetry and a Universal Representation of Rydberg Spectral Line Shapes in magnetized Plasmas
Authors: Letunov Andrei , Valery Lisitsa
Published: November 2020

A new method of line shape calculations of hydrogen-like atoms in magnetized plasmas is presented. This algorithm makes it possible to solve two
fundamental problems in the
broadening theory: the analytical description of the radiation transition array
between excited atomic states and account of a thermal ion motion effect on the line
shapes formation. The solution to the first problem is based on the semiclassical
approach to dipole matrix elements calculations and the usage of the specific symmetry properises of the Coulomb field. The second one is considered in terms of the kinetic treatment of the frequency
fluctuation model (FFM). As the result one has a universal description of line
shapes under the action of the dynamic of ion’s microfield. The final line shape is
obtained by the convolution of the ionic line shape with the Voigt electron-Doppler profile. The method is applicable formally for large values of principle
quantum numbers. However, it is demonstrated the efficiency of the results even for
well known first members of the hydrogen Balmer series Dalpha and Dbeta.
The comparison of obtained results with accurate quantum calculations is presented. The new method may be of
interest for investigations of spectral line shapes of hydrogen-like ions presented in
different kinds of hot ionized environments with the presence of a magnetic field, including SoL and divertor tokamak plasmas.
Activated Carbon From Winemaking Waste: Thermoeconomic Analsys for Large-Scale Production
Authors: Lorero Isaac , Vizcaíno Arturo J. , Alguacil Francisco J. , López Félix A.
Published: November 2020

An activated carbon manufacturing process using winemaking waste is analyzed and designed at industrial scale. Starting from experimental research, the chemical transformations and thermodynamics during pruning wood conversion are studied as a basis for plant design. In this way, mass and energy balances of hydrothermal carbonization and physical activation are fulfilled and a thermoeconomic methodology is applied to develop an energy-integrated plant. To achieve this target, a network of heat exchangers is allocated to minimize heat consumption and supply hot domestic water, while a cogeneration cycle is designed to provide electricity and satisfy the remaining heat demand. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis is carried out to determine the influence of the production scale and other operation parameters, such as annual workload, service life, and capital and feedstock costs, on the economic viability of the plant. The energy balance of the plant indicates that the energy integration design manages to provide 48.9% of the overall process energy demand by crossing hot and cold streams and recovering heat from residual flue gas. On the other hand, the exergy cost analysis identifies the combustion of pruning wood used to provide heat demands as the main source of exergy destruction, confirming the suitability of integration to improve the thermodynamic performance. Including activated carbon production, electricity, and hot domestic water, the exergy efficiency of the plant stands at 11.5%.
Peningkatan Indeks Pertanaman Padi pada Musim Tanam ke Dua di Kecamatan Ngawen, Kabupaten Gunungkidul, Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
Authors: Anshori Arif , Riyanto Damasus , Suradal Suradal
Published: November 2020

Increasing rice production through area expansion is very difficult to do in Gunungkidul Regency. Increasing the rice cropping index is an alternative option in increasing rice production, supported by supplementary irrigation. This study aimed to determine the increase in the rice cropping index from 1 to 2 by utilizing supplementary irrigation from the Oyo River Dam. The research was conducted at Sambirejo, Watusigar Village, Ngawen Sub-district, Gunungkidul Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta during the second planting season in 2019. During planting time, rainfall was observed to determine irrigation time. In conditions without rain, the irrigation interval was not more than 5 days. The randomized completely block design (RCBD) was used to determine the suitability variety of Inpari 19, Inpari 24, Inpari 30, Inpari 42 and Sidenuk in the conditions of the second planting season, complete with a package of rice production technology components. The data collected includes rainfall, harvest age and rice productivity. Farmers' perceptions was explored to determine acceptance of technology components. The results showed that supplementary irrigation from the Oyo River Dam was sufficient to increase the rice planting index in the second planting season. Variety of Inpari 24, Inpari 19 and Inpari 30 had high productivity, with Inpari 19 being prospectively developed for rice cultivation in the second planting season. Most farmers receive a package of technology components, but were constrained by capital for irrigation.