bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Total femoral arthroplasty for non-oncological indications
Authors: Murray James , Jeyapalan Rathan , Davies Michael , Sheehan Ciara , Petrie Michael , Harrison Tim
Published: August 2023

Aims

Total femoral arthroplasty (TFA) is a rare procedure used in cases of significant femoral bone loss, commonly from cancer, infection, and trauma. Low patient numbers have resulted in limited published work on long-term outcomes, and even less regarding TFA undertaken for non-oncological indications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term clinical outcomes of all TFAs in our unit.

Methods

Data were collected retrospectively from a large tertiary referral revision arthroplasty unit’s database. Inclusion criteria included all patients who underwent TFA in our unit. Preoperative demographics, operative factors, and short- and long-term outcomes were collected for analysis. Outcome was defined using the Musculoskeletal Infection Society (MSIS) outcome reporting tool.

Results

Overall, 38 TFAs were identified. The mean age was 73 years (42 to 80). All patients underwent TFA for non-oncological indications, most commonly as a consequence of infection (53%) and periprosthetic fracture (26%). The mean follow-up time was ten years (0 to 26); 63% of TFAs were considered a success based upon the MSIS outcome reporting tool. The mean time between TFA and death was 8.5 years (0.2 to 19.2), with two patients dying within one year of surgery. Within the cohort, 66% suffered at least one complication, dislocation being most common (37%); 55% of the total cohort required at least one subsequent operation. In total, 70% of TFAs undertaken for infection were considered infection-free at time of final follow-up. The percentage of mobile patients improved from 52% to 65% between pre- and postoperation, with all patients being able to at least transfer from bed to chair at time of final review.

Conclusion

This study is the largest in the UK assessing the use of TFA in patients with bone loss secondary to non-oncological conditions. It demonstrates that TFA has a significant complication profile, however it is favourable in terms of mortality and rehabilitation when compared to amputation and disarticulation.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2023;105-B(8):888–894.
Cohabitation inquiline-host in termite nests: does it involve distinct mechanisms?
Authors: Cruz Joseane Santos , Santana Daniela Lucio , Santos Amanda Teixeira , Ventura Iza Maira  C. , Bacci Leandro , Cristaldo Paulo Fellipe , Araujo Ana Paula Albano
Published: August 2023

Nests of the termite Constrictotermes sp. can be cohabited by obligatory inquilines Inquilinitermes sp. Recent studies have shown that inquilines establish themselves in mature nests, possibly during the nidification transition phase of the colony (e.g., from the epigeal to the arboreal habit). It is believed that cohabitation is maintained through spatial segregation of the cohabitants since the inquilines aggregate in the central nest region. Here, we described the cohabitation between Inquilinitermes microceus (Silvestri) and a Constrictotermes species in Sergipe, Northeast Brazil. We compared the cohabitation observed in distinct regions considering hypotheses related to the entry and maintenance of the inquiline in the nests. All Constrictotermes sp. nests found in this region are epigeal, unlike already reported in other studies. Approximately 45% of the nests analyzed were associated with I. microcerus, and cohabitation seemed to be dependent on nest size. The entrance of the inquiline was not related to changes in the nidification habit from soil to trees, as suggested in other studies. In addition, inquilines were not associated with and segregated into the dark walls in the central part of the nest. The cohabitation observed here could involve mechanisms which are distinct from the mechanisms reported in other regions.
The LGBT activism of Jason Jones
Authors: Jones Jason , Wahab Amar
Published: August 2023

Scholar Amar Wahab, co-editor of the Journal of Indentureship and Its Legacies, interviews LGBTQ+ human rights defender Jason Jones about his advocacy spanning four decades in Trinidad and Tobago and the UK. Jones shares his experiences about the intersections of homophobia and racism to highlight the complexities around LGBTQ+ human rights. He discusses his successful landmark legal challenges against state-sponsored legal homophobia in both spaces.
Thinking LGBT human rights in Guyana
Authors: Miller Jane , Wahab Amar
Published: August 2023

Scholar Amar Wahab, co-editor of the Journal of Indentureship and Its Legacies, interviews British High Commissioner to Guyana, Jane Miller, OBE, about her perspectives on LGBT human rights in Guyana. They discuss issues related to the legacies of the colonial regulation of gender and sexuality, the inclusion of diverse identities, and collaboration with LGBT activist organizations in Guyana.
August 2023 Imaging Case of the Month: Chew Your Food Carefully
Authors:   Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ USA, Gotway Michael , Butt Yasmin
Published: August 2023

No abstract available. Article truncated after first 150 words. History of Present Illness A 50-year-old woman presents with a history of chronic dyspnea and cough, becoming particularly problematic following COVID-19 infection 4 months prior to presentation. While she did experience significant periodic oxygen desaturations during her COVID-19 infection, she was not hospitalized for this illness. The patient also reported wheezing in the previous few weeks. Past Medical History, Family History and Social History The patient’s past medical history was also notable for gastroesophageal reflux disease as well as both Coombs positive and iron deficiency anemia. She reports a history of asthma, well controlled with inhaler use. The patient’s past surgical history included adenoidectomy, cholecystectomy, and gastric laparoscopic band placement. Her medications included prednisone (20 mg daily), dextroamphetamine-amphetamine, furosemide, omeprazole, fluoxetine, zolpidem (Ambien), daily Bactrim, occasional Loratadine (Claritin). She also utilized an albuterol inhaler and Fluticasone-based (both Flonase and Breo Ellipta) inhalers. The patient is a former smoker, ½ pack-per …
Mentoring a New Generation of African American Haiku Writers: In Conversation with Lenard D. Moore
Authors: Smith Crystal Simone
Published: August 2023

Abstract: Lenard D. Moore has published more haiku than any other African American writing in the genre. He has also mentored a new generation of African American haiku writers, including Camille Dungy. This interview details his work as a prolific haiku poet and a mentor.
Songs of Reunion: “Information Wanted” Advertisements, Minnie’s Sacrifice , and the Call-and-Response Tradition
Authors: Donkor Crystal S.
Published: August 2023

Abstract: This article reads Frances Harper’s serialized novel, Minnie’s Sacrifice (1868), as a response to the anxieties of loss and reunion captured in the “Information Wanted” feature of the Christian Recorder . When mutually assessed, each text augments the other, harkening back to the African American cultural tradition of call-and-response. I explore this tradition’s inversion in the periodical, giving way to new forms of understanding how the presence of call-and-response exists beyond the bounds of religiosity, and how it can be a method of literary analysis that helps us better understand African American print culture.
Hanau Kanaka o Mehelau: The Advent of Humanity in the Kumulipo
Authors: Ing Michael David Kaulana
Published: August 2023

Abstract: The Kumulipo has become one of the best-known compositions in Kanaka (Hawaiian) culture. This article focuses on sections 8–11 of the chant, which describe the coming forth of humanity in the context of the shift from Pō (darkness) to Ao (light). This shift is a pivotal moment in the chant, and it signals something distinctive about being human, namely the ability to organize complex societies on the basis of moʻokūʻauhau (genealogies). This ability is rooted in an awareness of oneself as a being uniquely situated in time and place among a myriad of other beings all originating in the fecundity of Pō. Such self-awareness enables the construction of relational differences that support robust communities by means of kinship and other networks, but it also provides humanity with the ability to contend over our place in the genealogical cartography of the world and to ruin the otherwise flourishing world. The Kumulipo , as such, highlights an ambivalence associated with the rise of humanity.
Is All Due to Karma? The Buddha's Stance
Authors: Kuan Tse-fu
Published: August 2023

Abstract: The Buddha seems ambivalent in his position about whether all our feelings can be ascribed to karma, even if indirectly. He unequivocally states: "Karma distinguishes beings as inferior and superior," which covers various aspects of life that affect our feelings. On the other hand, again and again he criticizes some religions for holding the doctrine "whatever a person experiences is caused by karma," or puts aside karma in favor of obvious causation. This issue can be addressed in several ways: the Buddha implies a distinction between past and present karma, and the unthinkable nature of karma entails the question "Who are qualified to pronounce karma?" Also, the Buddha is careful to avoid a fatalistic view of karma doctrine, his skill in means leads to the inconsistency of his mode of expression, and the two levels of truth allow him to speak in conformity with worldly conventions endorsed by "the wise."
Wang Yangming on 'Unquestioning Obedience' and Epistemic Superiority
Authors: Ooi Daryl
Published: August 2023

Abstract: Within various contexts, such as politics and parenting, Confucianism has been criticized on the basis that it endorses 'unquestioning obedience' to authority. In recent years, several philosophers have argued against this view by appealing to textual evidence from Classical Confucian philosophers. This article examines Wang Yangming's views on this subject, arguing that Wang teaches that criticism of those who stand in a socially superior role relation is not only permitted, but encouraged. From this, the implications that Wang's analysis has for contemporary discussions of disagreement between epistemic superiors and inferiors and epistemic peerhood are considered. It will be argued that Wang's position is much closer to the total evidence view than the preemptive view. Relatedly, it is suggested that Wang provides a novel proposal about how to recognize or disregard epistemic 'superiors', especially in the context of moral knowledge.
Can Cessation Be a Cognitive State? Philosophical Implications of the Apophatic Teachings of the Early Buddhist Nikāyas
Authors: Polak Grzegorz
Published: August 2023

Abstract: The Nikāyas contain several apophatic descriptions of a state of cessation that occurs during the life of an individual. Furthermore, some texts suggest that this cessation paradoxically coincides with liberating insight. This article attempts to draw out philosophical implications of these passages and to reconstruct the ideas serving as their basis. To make better sense of these ideas, the article compares early Buddhist views with certain developments in modern philosophy of mind. It argues that cessation of khandha -s and saḷāyatana -s may be viewed as suspension of various aspects of globally available phenomenal consciousness. It hypothesizes that this suspension is necessary due to the latter's processed character, which precludes direct cognition of reality. It attempts to account for a cognitive nature of cessation by suggesting the possibility of the mind (citta) working independently of phenomenal consciousness. It also considers the issue of cognitive content of cessation and of its expressibility.
Advances in light transverse momenta and optical lateral forces
Authors: Shi Yuzhi , Xu Xiaohao , Nieto-Vesperinas Manuel , Song Qinghua , Liu Ai Qun , Cipparrone Gabriella , Su Zengping , Yao Baoli , Wang Zhanshan , Qiu Cheng-Wei , Cheng Xinbin
Published: August 2023

Harnessing linear and angular momenta of light is
one of the cornerstones in modern optics and has found tremendous
applications in optical circuits, particle manipulation, metrology,
quantum information processing, etc. Emerging theoretical protocols
and experimental explorations have created a surge of interest in
light lateral momenta and forces, which are perpendicular to the light
wave propagation direction. However, there is yet a lack of a
comprehensive and holistic overview of transverse momenta (both linear
and angular) as well as of optical lateral forces (OLFs). In this
article, we first review the most recent transverse momenta including
the transverse spin angular momentum, optical skyrmions, as well as
lateral momenta from directional side scattering, spin–orbit
interaction, and surface plasmon polaritons. Since optical forces
result from the momentum exchange between light and matter, the
transverse momentum consequently gives rise to intriguing OLFs, which
is the second topic of this article. Additional non-trivial lateral
forces that combine optics with other effects from thermodynamics,
electricity, and microfluidics, are also discussed. It should be
emphasized that these momenta and forces ubiquitously exist in a broad
range of optical phenomena and have often been neglected due to their
unpredicted underlying physics and shortage of experimental means,
especially prior to the last
decade.
Deflectometry based calibration of a deformable mirror for aberration correction and remote focusing in microscopy
Authors: Temma Kenta , Wincott Matthew , Fujita Katsumasa , Booth Martin J.
Published: August 2023

Adaptive optics (AO) techniques enhance the capability of optical microscopy through precise control of wavefront modulations to compensate phase aberrations and improves image quality. However, the aberration correction is often limited due to the lack of dynamic range in existing calibration methods, such as interferometry or Shack-Hartmann (SH) wavefront sensors. Here, we use deflectometry (DF) as a calibration method for a deformable mirror (DM) to extend the available range of aberration correction. We characterised the dynamic range and accuracy of the DF-based calibration of DMs depending on the spatial frequency of the test pattern used in DF. We also demonstrated the capability of large magnitude phase control for remote-focusing over a range larger than was possible with SH sensing.
Indices of polarization Möbius strips surrounding lines of circular polarization in nonparaxial optical fields
Authors: Grigoriev K. S. , Makarov V. A.
Published: August 2023

Detailed analysis of polarization ellipse strips constructed on small circular contours surrounding a single polarization singularity line of an electromagnetic field is carried out. It is shown that the strips formed by major and minor axes of polarization ellipses are nonorientable Möbius strips with opposite directions of twist. Explicit analytical expressions relating the direction of the strip twist to the orientation of its construction contour and the parameters of the electromagnetic field at the polarization singularity point are found.
Time transfer in a 1839 km telecommunication fiber link demonstrating a picosecond-scale stability
Authors: Dong Ruifang , guo xinxing , HOU BINGAN , Liu Bo , YANG FAN , kong weicheng , Ju Jun , Liu Tao , Zhang Shou-Gang
Published: August 2023

In this letter, a very recent implementation of high-precision time transfer over a 1839 km field fiber loop back link between two provincial capitals of China, Xi’an and Taiyuan, is reported. Under a long-term test lasting for more than 63 hours, the time transfer performances were evaluated. Time transfer stability of 6.5 ps at an averaging time of 1 s and 4.6 ps at 40000 s were achieved. Meanwhile, transfer stability of the 10 MHz frequency signal was also measured, with 4.5E-12/s and 1.9E-15/10000 s being achieved. The results are to our knowledge a record for the real-field test of the time transfer in thousands-kilometer-level fiber links. This work paves the solid way for constructing the high-precision time service via fiber network across China.
Derivation and validation of a clinical prediction model for risk-stratification of children hospitalized with severe pneumonia in Bangladesh
Authors: Mamun Gazi Md. Salahuddin , Zou Michael , Sarmin Monira , Brintz Ben J. , Rahman Abu Sayem Mirza Md. Hasibur , Parvin Irin , Ackhter Mst Mahmuda , Chisti Mohammod Jobayer , Leung Daniel T. , Shahrin Lubaba
Published: August 2023

Children with severe pneumonia in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) suffer from high rates of treatment failure despite appropriate World Health Organization (WHO)-directed antibiotic treatment. Developing a clinical prediction rule for treatment failure may allow early identification of high-risk patients and timely intervention to decrease mortality. We used data from two separate studies conducted at the Dhaka Hospital of the International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b) to derive and externally validate a clinical prediction rule for treatment failure of children hospitalized with severe pneumonia. The derivation dataset was from a randomized clinical trial conducted from 2018 to 2019, studying children aged 2 to 59 months hospitalized with severe pneumonia as defined by WHO. Treatment failure was defined by the persistence of danger signs at the end of 48 hours of antibiotic treatment or the appearance of any new danger signs within 24 hours of enrollment. We built a random forest model to identify the top predictors. The top six predictors were the presence of grunting, room air saturation, temperature, the presence of lower chest wall indrawing, the presence of respiratory distress, and central cyanosis. Using these six predictors, we created a parsimonious model with a discriminatory performance of 0.691, as measured by area under the receiving operating curve (AUC). We performed external validation using a temporally distinct dataset from a cohort study of 191 similarly aged children with severe acute malnutrition and pneumonia. In external validation, discriminatory performance was maintained with an improved AUC of 0.718. In conclusion, we developed and externally validated a parsimonious six-predictor model using random forest methods to predict treatment failure in young children with severe pneumonia in Bangladesh. These findings can be used to further develop and validate parsimonious and pragmatic prognostic clinical prediction rules for pediatric pneumonia, particularly in LMICs.
Healthy behaviours, treatment, and control status of diagnosed hypertension and diabetes among the government nurses and para-health professionals of Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Barua Lingkan , Banik Palash Chandra , Faruque Mithila
Published: August 2023

Chronic illness among health professionals (HPs) is rarely reported due to idealistic views of their role in treating and fighting diseases. This creates a gap mainly due to a lack of research on them, resulting in insufficient data at the national level, especially in Bangladesh. In this circumstance, we analyzed the data of senior staff nurses (SSNs) and para-health professionals (PHPs) to assess their healthy bahaviours, treatment, and control status of hypertension (HTN) and diabetes mellitus (DM). It was a cross-sectional study that used the census as a sampling technique. The study site was a medical university in Bangladesh located in the capital city of Dhaka. A total of 1942 government-employed health professionals working at Upazila Health Complexes participated and completed both the questionnaire and physical measurements with a response rate of 100%. Among them, 1912 (SSNs = 938 and PHPs = 974) remained for analysis after data cleaning. The prevalence of self-screening (HTN, 97.4%; DM, 81.5%), diagnosis (HTN, 20.5%; DM,15.3%), treatment (HTN, 88.7%; DM, 83.7%) and control status (HTN, 63.7%; DM, 31%) did not reveal any notable differences between SSNs and PHPs. Most of the HPs with HTN and DM failed to maintain adequate physical activity (87.4%; 86.2%), fruit and/or vegetable intake (60.7%; 59%), and healthy body weight (60.5%; 54%) respectively. Only avoidance of smoking showed a significant association with the professional categories in both hypertensives (AOR, 7.98; p = 0.001) and diabetics (AOR, 14.78; p<0.001). Although working in the field of primary health care and involved in assisting patient management, control of HTN, DM and their risk factors is not satisfactory among the SSNs and PHPs of Bangladesh. Future interventions should focus on smoking, diet, and physical activity to reduce HTN and DM in the HPs of Bangladesh.
Influence of gadolinium, field-strength and sequence type on quantified perfusion values in phase-resolved functional lung MRI
Authors: Glandorf Julian , Brunzema Fynn , Klimeš Filip , Behrendt Lea , Voskrebenzev Andreas , Gutberlet Marcel , Wernz Marius M. , Grimm Robert , Wacker Frank , Vogel-Claussen Jens
Published: August 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the influences of gadolinium-based contrast agents, field-strength and different sequences on perfusion quantification in Phase-Resolved Functional Lung (PREFUL) MRI.

Materials and methods

Four cohorts of different subjects were imaged to analyze influences on the quantified perfusion maps: 1) at baseline and after 2 weeks to obtain the reproducibility (26 COPD patients), 2) before and after the administration of gadobutrol (11 COPD, 2 PAH and 1 asthma), 3) at 1.5T and 3T (12 healthy, 4 CF), and 4) with different acquisition sequences spoiled gradient echo (SPGR) and balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) (11 COPD, 7 healthy). Wilcoxon-signed rank test, Bland-Altman plots, voxelwise Pearson correlations, normalized histogram analyses with skewness and kurtosis and two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests were performed. P value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

In all cohorts, linear correlations of the perfusion values were significant with correlation coefficients of at least 0.7 considering the entire lung (P<0.01). The reproducibility cohort revealed stable results with a similar distribution. In the gadolinium cohort, the quantified perfusion increased significantly (P<0.01), and no significant change was detected in the histogram analysis. In the field-strength cohort, no significant change of the quantified perfusion was shown, but a significant increase of skewness and kurtosis at 3T (P = 0.01). In the sequence cohort, the quantified perfusion decreased significantly in the bSSFP sequence (P<0.01) together with a significant decrease of skewness and kurtosis (P = 0.02). The field-strength and sequence cohorts had differing probability distribution in the two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests.

Conclusion

We observed a high susceptibility of perfusion quantification to gadolinium, field-strength or MRI sequence leading to distortion and deviation of the perfusion values. Future multicenter studies should strictly adhere to the identical study protocols to generate comparable results.
Automated scoring of nematode nictation on a textured background
Authors: McClanahan Patrick D. , Golinelli Luca , Le Tuan Anh , Temmerman Liesbet
Published: August 2023

Entomopathogenic nematodes, including Steinernema spp., play an increasingly important role as biological alternatives to chemical pesticides. The infective juveniles of these worms use nictation–a behavior in which animals stand on their tails–as a host-seeking strategy. The developmentally-equivalent dauer larvae of the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans also nictate, but as a means of phoresy or "hitching a ride" to a new food source. Advanced genetic and experimental tools have been developed for C. elegans, but time-consuming manual scoring of nictation slows efforts to understand this behavior, and the textured substrates required for nictation can frustrate traditional machine vision segmentation algorithms. Here we present a Mask R-CNN-based tracker capable of segmenting C. elegans dauers and S. carpocapsae infective juveniles on a textured background suitable for nictation, and a machine learning pipeline that scores nictation behavior. We use our system to show that the nictation propensity of C. elegans from high-density liquid cultures largely mirrors their development into dauers, and to quantify nictation in S. carpocapsae infective juveniles in the presence of a potential host. This system is an improvement upon existing intensity-based tracking algorithms and human scoring which can facilitate large-scale studies of nictation and potentially other nematode behaviors.
Dynamic avoidance decision method for civil aircraft in a suborbital debris hazard zone
Authors: Chen Wantong , Diao Tianru , Ren Shiyu , Sun Shuguang , Liu Ruihua
Published: August 2023

Closing the static suborbital debris hazard zone method leads to low airspace resource utilization and long delays for civil aircraft, while the dynamic delineation of suborbital debris hazard zone method can solve the above phenomena. However, the existing research lacks the decision instruction for civil aircraft to avoid the dynamic suborbital debris hazard zone. To address the above problems, this paper creates probability ellipsoids of suborbital debris with different ballistic coefficients in the two-dimensional plane and use the divide-and-conquer algorithm for the dynamic delineation of the suborbital debris hazard zone. The suborbital debris hazard zone is extended outward by 10 km. Subsequently, the standard A* algorithm, the standard Lazy theta* algorithm, the improved Lazy theta* algorithm, and a flight path planning strategy are designed to avoid the suborbital debris hazard zone and provide safe dynamic avoidance commands for civil aircraft with fixed time intervals. The simulation results show that the average area of the dynamically delineated suborbital debris hazard zone is lower than the traditional static no-fly zone; the standard A* algorithm and improved Lazy theta* algorithm provides shorter flight path lengths and flight time and fewer waypoints in windless and windy conditions, respectively.
The ROCEEH Out of Africa Database (ROAD): A large-scale research database serves as an indispensable tool for human evolutionary studies
Authors: Kandel Andrew W. , Sommer Christian , Kanaeva Zara , Bolus Michael , Bruch Angela A. , Groth Claudia , Haidle Miriam N. , Hertler Christine , Heß Julia , Malina Maria , Märker Michael , Hochschild Volker , Mosbrugger Volker , Schrenk Friedemann , Conard Nicholas J.
Published: August 2023

Large scale databases are critical for helping scientists decipher long-term patterns in human evolution. This paper describes the conception and development of such a research database and illustrates how big data can be harnessed to formulate new ideas about the past. The Role of Culture in Early Expansions of Humans (ROCEEH) is a transdisciplinary research center whose aim is to study the origins of culture and the multifaceted aspects of human expansions across Africa and Eurasia over the last three million years. To support its research, the ROCEEH team developed an online tool named the ROCEEH Out of Africa Database (ROAD) and implemented its web-based applications. ROAD integrates geographical data as well as archaeological, paleoanthropological, paleontological and paleobotanical content within a robust chronological framework. In fact, a unique feature of ROAD is its ability to dynamically link scientific data both spatially and temporally, thereby allowing its reuse in ways that were not originally conceived. The data stem from published sources spanning the last 150 years, including those generated by the research team. Descriptions of these data rely on the development of a standardized vocabulary and profit from online explanations of each table and attribute. By synthesizing legacy data, ROAD facilitates the reuse of heritage data in novel ways. Database queries yield structured information in a variety of interoperable formats. By visualizing data on maps, users can explore this vast dataset and develop their own theories. By downloading data, users can conduct further quantitative analyses, for example with Geographic Information Systems, modeling programs and artificial intelligence. In this paper, we demonstrate the innovative nature of ROAD and show how it helps scientists studying human evolution to access datasets from different fields, thereby connecting the social and natural sciences. Because it permits the reuse of “old” data in new ways, ROAD is now an indispensable tool for researchers of human evolution and paleogeography.
Bioconjugation Technology Selection during Early-Stage Development – A Strategy to Streamline IND and Manufacturing Timelines
Authors:   Early Development Bioconjugates Services, Lonza, Switzerland, Hentzen Nina , El Sahili Abbas ,   Singzyme Pte. Ltd., Singapore, Lescar Julien ,   Singzyme Pte. Ltd., Singapore, Fa Liu Chuan ,   Singzyme Pte. Ltd., Singapore, Frey Raphael ,   Early Development Bioconjugates Services, Lonza, Switzerland
Published: August 2023

Bioconjugate therapeutics comprise a fast-growing class of drugs with applications in various disease areas. In the past years, particularly antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have undergone a period of great success with eight products approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) between 2019-2022 alone. The rapid emergence of novel bioconjugation technologies, payloads and linkers as well as their application on different protein modalities has made bioconjugate development and manufacturing increasingly complex. Clinical success of bioconjugates depends on the delicate interplay between the protein, linker and payload, which is often not readily predictable. Therefore, it is important to consider a range of different technologies when designing a bioconjugate drug. Since navigation of a constantly evolving technology landscape is challenging, it may be beneficial for many biotech companies to enter partnerships with a contract development and manufacturing organization (CDMO) that can help realize the drug concept by providing access to a range of tools for the development of bioconjugates. Partnering with a CDMO at an early-stage of drug development can greatly de-risk the program as the right CDMO can give guidance on how to design a conjugation process that not only fulfills the requirements in terms of product attributes but that is also robust enough to streamline further process development and upscale for moving towards an IND filing.
Factors affecting the prediction of auxiliary power consumption of the nuclear power plants
Authors: Vedernikov Aleksandr S. , Shipilov Alexey S. , Yarygina Ekaterina A.
Published: August 2023

According to the rules of the Wholesale Electricity and Capacity Market, a power plant is both a producer of electricity and its consumer, is obliged to form a forecast of electricity consumption to form an energy balance, and is financially responsible for the deviation of actual consumption from that given in the forecast. The first part of the article analyzes the accuracy of the existing method for predicting the auxiliary power consumption of one of the operating nuclear power plants. The calculation of various estimates of the forecasting error has been performed and it is shown that the method used in certain time intervals has insufficient accuracy. The second part analyzes the factors that potentially affect the auxiliary power consumption, evaluates the quality of the regression relationship between these factors and power consumption, and concludes that they are significant for the development of a new forecasting technique.
Dynamic model of a waste heat boiler
Authors: Danilushkin Ivan A. , Kolpashchikov Sergey A. , Lusenko Dmitry S.
Published: August 2023

The paper discusses the experience of developing and identifying a model of a waste heat boiler as a distributed parameters plant. The waste heat boiler is considered as a heat exchanger with cross flows of interacting media. The first order hyperbolic equation acts as a mathematical model of water flow heating with a variable rate. Using the spectral method of distributed systems, a representation of the problem is obtained in the form of an expansion into a series in an orthonormalized basis, which makes it possible to represent the solution in the form of a vector-matrix model of the state space. The state-space representation is used to implement the model in a dynamic systems simulation package. The heater temperature calculation is based on the energy balance equation. The temperature of the media separator wall is determined by the heat fluxes between the exhaust gas, the wall, and the heated water. The wall temperature is assumed to be constant along the entire length of the heat exchanger. The paper presents a block diagram of the model, which takes into account the mutual influence of the wall temperatures and the heated water flow. The heat flux from the exhaust gas is calculated directly from the known parameters of the exhaust gas at the inlet and outlet of the waste heat boiler. Based on the design parameters of the heat exchanger, the dynamic characteristics of the heat transfer process are determined. The data obtained during the operation of the waste heat boiler are used to identify the heat transfer coefficient between the walls of the heat exchanger and the water flow. The result of the heat transfer coefficient identification agrees with the reference data. The article presents graphs of the original data, simulation results. It is shown that the maximum mismatch between the model and real data does not exceed two degrees, and the mean absolute error is less than 0.2 degrees.
Development of software simulator for the motion and colreg obstacle avoidance of unmanned ship
Authors: Duda Alexander A. , Pushkarev Igor I. , Krasavina Anna F.
Published: August 2023

The article discusses the development of a software simulator for the motion and COLREG obstacle avoidance of unmanned ship, the use of which simplifies the process of creating and testing unmanned vessels. The main requirements for the simulator, its purpose, structure, and capabilities are presented. The algorithmic basis of the developed simulator is described: the trajectory tracking subsystem uses the gradient algorithm of the auxiliary function, and the obstacle avoidance subsystem is implemented using the velocity obstacle method adapted for the COLREG. The general logic diagram of the program is presented, containing basic subsystems, elements that provide flexibility in configuring the simulator, and elements for analyzing the results of its work. The most common programming languages in the field of robotics are considered, and the suitable language for developing the software simulator the C++ programming language is chosen. The graphical interface of the developed program and its main elements are presented. To test the functionality of the software simulator, modeling of the main obstacle avoidance situations was carried out: head-on, crossing (obstacle moves to the left or right), and overtaking. The results of this modeling are presented. The created software simulator for the motion and obstacle avoidance of unmanned ship meets the requirements set for it in the work, allows modeling of the motion of unmanned ship and to perform avoidance according to COLREG. The implementation of trajectory tracking and obstacle avoidance subsystems as separate software elements makes it possible to use them without significant modifications in the onboard control systems of unmanned ships.
Study of the dependence of the natural frequencies of a rotor system with a vertically positioned rotor on the preload
Authors: Gasparov Erik S. , Marcosyan Gevorg A. , Kazakova Olga Yu.
Published: August 2023

The article discusses the possibility of using a method for determining the preload force for trust and radial bearings of spindle assemblies for high-speed milling. Previously, a method was developed and tested for determining the preload force of bearing supports on high-speed grinding electrospindles with a horizontal spindle.

The object of study is a support with angular contact bearings 7004 ACD_P4A SKF and a vertical rotor. An information-measuring system has been developed, which consists of PCB 352C34 vibration acceleration sensors, a Vishay 614 force sensor, an NI-cRIO-9056 controller, NI 9250, NI 9237 and NI 9481 modules, and software written in the National Instruments Labview language.

The system of test actions has been improved due to its automation. Test effects began to be carried out using a solenoid with a core, which was controlled by an NI controller and developed software. Due to this, the same time delay was formed between the test action and the start of recording the vibration acceleration signal.

Vibration acceleration signals are obtained for the entire preload range. To study the controllability of the unit, two vibration acceleration sensors were used: with a parallel and perpendicular arrangement of the axes of the direction of vibration and test action. For the first and second groups of vibration accelerations, spectral transformations were carried out, and the amplitude-frequency characteristics of the assembly were obtained for the entire range of preload values.

As a result of the work, it was concluded that the presented methodology and criteria are applicable to high-speed milling spindle assemblies with a vertical rotor. It is also shown that this technique can be automated.
Halliday’s Interpersonal Meta-function Analysis of Entrepreneur’s Public Speech in English and Central Kurdish
Authors: Shekhani Hawsar A. , Taha Jamal A.
Published: August 2023

This paper examines the role and significance of Interpersonal language meta-function in understanding and constructing language use and functions among language users in a business context in English and Central-Kurdish languages. In analyzing entrepreneurs’ public speeches, the researchers employ the descriptive and qualitative approach with the content analysis. The instrument used in this study is to examine the qualitative exploratory data among entrepreneurs’ public speech in business discourse in English and Central-Kurdish. The paper attempts to answer the following questions; What is the dominant mood type among the entrepreneurs in English and Central-Kurdish in business discourse? How does the use and selection of the personal pronoun by entrepreneurs in English and Central-Kurdish influence the interpersonal meta-function? and lastly, What are the frequency and occurrence of Attitudinal mode in the public speech of entrepreneurs concerning Type and possible Polarity? The findings show the information about the distribution of the results in regard to the mood types, the use and selection of personal pronouns and the frequencies of each attitudinal mode in an entrepreneur’s public speech in English and Central Kurdish quantitatively. The study reveals that the prominent type of mood is declarative mood, besides the use and selection of the Personal Systems play a significant role in which the speaker expresses his attitude, influence and maintaining friendship and intimacy with the audience. The dominant personal pronoun is first personal system and the positive Affect mode exceeds other attitudinal modes both in English and Central-Kurdish.
¿Qué es la desigualdad educativa? Divergencias y continuidades en las grandes reformas educativas en España
Authors: Alonso Carmona Carlos , García-Arnau Albert , Vázquez-Cupeiro M. Susana
Published: August 2023

Pese a su relevancia desde una perspectiva sociológica, las desigualdades educativas han tendido a constituirse como un problema social menor, incluso subsidiario, en los grandes debates educativos en España. Aunque existen ciertos antecedentes, la preocupación por la exclusión escolar comienza a construirse en la política educativa durante la década de los setenta. Desde entonces, las reformas educativas han conceptualizado el fenómeno de maneras muy distintas. El objetivo de este artículo es examinar las formulaciones de la desigualdad educativa en cuatro de las grandes reformas escolares llevadas a cabo en nuestro país en el último medio siglo (LGE, LOGSE, LOMCE y LOMLOE). Cualquier abordaje político de esta cuestión conlleva una determinada comprensión sobre cómo y por qué se origina y de qué manera puede equilibrarse. El presente trabajo se basa en el análisis documental de textos legales y de aproximaciones académicas previas, para identificar cómo la cuestión de la desigualdad es representada en cada una de las reformas. Asimismo, ligamos las lógicas que operan tras esas formulaciones con las estrategias propuestas para paliar el problema. La investigación se llevó a cabo en el marco del proyecto H2020 PIONEERED sobre prácticas para abordar la desigualdad educativa en Europa.
Ordenanzas fiscales y principio de legalidad: nulidad de “tasas pactadas” entre la corporación local y los contribuyentes
Authors: Mories Jiménez María Teresa
Published: August 2023

La previsión en la Ordenanza Fiscal núm. 23 del Ayuntamiento de Jerez de los Caballeros (Cáceres) reguladora de la tasa por utilización privativa y aprovechamientos especiales constituidos en el suelo, subsuelo o vuelo de la vía pública en favor de empresas explotadoras de servicios de suministros, posibilitando que el tipo de gravamen sea fijado de mutuo acuerdo entre la Corporación local y los contribuyentes, mediante la celebración de un convenio de colaboración, vulnera el principio de legalidad y no es admisible en nuestro ordenamiento.
Die Involution der Verwandlung. Posthumanistische Denkfiguren in Elias Canettis "Masse und Macht"
Authors: Schott Hans-Joachim
Published: August 2023

In seinem philosophischen Hauptwerk  Masse und Macht suspendiert Elias Canetti die  für die abendländische Metaphysik zentrale Differenz von Natur und Kultur, indem er im Anschluss an Friedrich Nietzsche das menschliche Verhältnis zur belebten und unbelebten Natur unter dem Begriff der Verwandlung diskutiert, der den dionysischen Prozess einer psychophysischen Meta- morphose bezeichnet. Die Verwandlung verbindet intensive Affekte, materielle Partikel und die freie Variation dichter Zeichen zu einem symbolischen Gefüge, das einen transversalen Kommunikations- und Austauschprozess zwischen dem menschlichen und animalischen Organismus anstößt. Dieses postanthropozentrische Erkenntnismodell entfaltet Canetti auf Basis einer phänomenologischen Annäherung an psychotische Grenzerfahrungen. Während er das schizoide Erleben intensiver Affektströme als ein paradigmatisches Beispiel für den gewaltfreien Austausch des Menschen mit der Natur betrachtet, erkennt er in den Krankheitsmustern der Paranoia die grundlegenden Strukturen der Macht wieder, die die Verwandlung zugunsten einer instrumentellen Beherrschung der Natur und der sozialen Interaktionen unterbinden. Die Paranoia der Macht ist für Canetti zugleich die Paranoia eines seit Aristoteles tief in der abendländischen Philosophie- und Wissenschaftsgeschichte verankerten Rationalitätskonzepts, das das Menschliche in Abgrenzung zu der es umgebenden Natur zu definieren versucht.
Flussers Schrift. Eine Schreib-Szene des zwanzigsten Jahrhunderts
Authors: Hiller Moritz
Published: August 2023

Anhand eines Begriffs von Schreib-Szenen (Campe) ist der Beitrag mit dem Zustandekommen, der Ausgestaltung und den Implikationen von Vilém Flussers Hauptwerk Die Schrift. Hat Schreiben Zukunft? befasst, das in seinem Erscheinungsjahr 1987 nicht nur als gedrucktes Buch, sondern auch als frühe interaktive Digitalversion auf den Markt kam. Die Analyse legt einen vielschichtigen Selbstbezug von Inhalt, Form und Material an der Schwelle zur Jahrtausendwende offen, der die Grenze zwischen menschlicher und maschineller Autorschaft wie Subjektivität nicht nur zum Thema hat, sondern selber Symptom und Ort ihrer Aushandlung ist.
Disruptive Innovation oder Design? Posthumanistische Perspektiven auf die Prometheus-Figur in Literatur- und Arbeitsdiskursen
Authors: Heinritz Alena
Published: August 2023

Als Schöpferfigur wird Prometheus in Überlegungen über Literatur angeführt; als Bild für den autonomen Menschen, der sich seine Welt durch Arbeit selbst schafft, illustriert die Figur Debatten über die Arbeit des Menschen. Seit Ihab Hassans Text Prometheus as Performer: Toward a Posthumanist Culture (1977) ist die Figur des Prometheus eng mit dem Konzept des Posthumanismus verbunden (Franssen 2014). Wichtig sind hier besonders Überlegungen zur „disruptiven Innovation“ (Schumpeter), Innovation beruhe immer auf Zerstörung. Demgegenüber stehen Latours Überlegungen von Design als Werk eines „vorsichtigen Prometheus“ (Latour 2008). Sowohl „Literatur“ als auch „Arbeit“ beschreibt ein Verhältnis des Menschen zur Welt, dessen Konzeption dem historischen Wandel unterworfen ist. Beide Verhältnisse werden diskursiv geprägt. Der Beitrag geht der Frage nach, wie diese Verhältnisse in literarischen Texten mit Referenz auf die Prometheus-Figur ausgearbeitet werden. Der Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit Texten, in denen die Prometheus-Figur für eine Reflexion über Literatur selbst und über Vorstellungen von Arbeit und Produktion herangezogen wird: entweder als disruptive Innovation oder als vorsichtiges Design.
Zur Frage nach dem Menschlichen im zeitgenössischen Theater – ein diffraktives Lesen von „Still Life. A Chorus for Animals, People and All Other Lives“ (Marta Górnicka, 2021) und „Die Kränkungen der Menschheit“ (Anta Helena Recke, 2019)
Authors: Rocktäschel Karina
Published: August 2023

Der Aufsatz untersucht zwei Beispiele aus dem deutschsprachigen Gegenwartstheater im Hinblick auf Ästhetiken des Posthumanen. Obwohl das Theater von und für Menschen gemacht ist, wird argumentiert und nachgewiesen, dass beide Beispiele eine historische Konfiguration von Menschen und Menschlichkeit befragen und schließlich negieren. In Marta Górnicka’s Still Life (2021 Maxim-Gorki-Theater, Berlin) und Anta Helena Recke’s Die Kränkungen der Menschheit (2019 Münchner Kammerspiele, München) wird die Frage nach dem Menschlichen verschiedentlich, aber ästhetisch ähnlich – nämlich mit einem vielstimmigen Chor – verhandelt. Während in Gornicka’s Inszenierung eine Anklage der westlichen, eurozentrischen Menschlichkeit und dessen gewaltvollen Ausschlusspraktiken aufgezeigt wird, vollführt die Inszenierung von Recke eine – wenn nicht gar die – Kränkung an einem eurozentrisch geprägten Begriff vom Menschen durch einen selbstverständlichen Auftritt eines Chores von Women of Color, der nicht an westliche ästhetische Normen und deren epistemische Verankerung gebunden ist. Beide Inszenierungen verwenden ästhetische Strategien, die Welten „nach“ der eurozentrischen Figuration des Menschen einfordern und daher zu „Ästhetiken des Posthumanen“ gezählt werden können.
Matter’s Performance in Christoph Schlingensief’s “Animatographische Editionen”
Authors: Pollock Katherine
Published: August 2023

German director Christoph Schlingensief’s Animatographische Editionen (2004-06) included a series of three geographically-distinct labyrinthine walkthrough installations with a constellation of rooms and rotating platforms, leading to an Animatograph – a spinning carousel of material upon which videos were projected. Diverging from the current tendency in Schlingensief scholarship towards Niklas Luhmann’s systems theory, this paper focuses on the role of material in the Animatograph to show how it sympoietically enfolds autopoietic systems of communication. In particular, I investigate how humans explored the installations’ tight spaces, foul smells, swirling sights and cacophony of sounds, transforming materials and animals into performers. To do so, I derive concepts from Rebecca Schneider, Karen Barad and Donna Haraway to argue that in the encounter with the human, matter looks, touches back, and performs. In addition to providing a compelling site to investigate the intra-active entanglements of humans, animals, and materials in an aesthetic context, Schlingensief’s Animatograph allows us to see the ongoing (re)configuration of these entanglements, putting posthumanist performativity on display and highlighting the aesthetic contributions of the non-human.