bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social Anxiety and Perceived Social Support: Gender Differences and the Mediating Role of Communication Styles
Authors: Barnett Michael D. , Maciel Idalia V. , Johnson Dylan M. , Ciepluch Ilona
Published: January 2020

Social anxiety has been linked with lower perceived social support, and there is some evidence that communication styles may explain this relationship. In addition, a body of literature has found gender differences in social anxiety, communication, and perceived social support. The purpose of this exploratory study was to investigate six communication styles as mediators of the relationship between social anxiety and perceived social support and whether such relationships vary by gender. College men and women ( N =  813) completed an online survey. Among men and women, social anxiety was associated with lower social support through lower expressiveness. Among men, social anxiety was associated with lower perceived social support through lower preciseness; among women, this link was through lower verbal aggressiveness and higher emotionality. Psychotherapy may function as an environment in which socially anxious individuals can learn communication skills and acquire the confidence to use them in order to increase perceived social support.
Research on the knitting needle detection system of a hosiery machine based on machine vision
Authors: Zhang Zhouqiang , Bai Sihao , Xu Guang-shen , Liu Xuejing , Wang Feilei , Jia Jiangtao , Feng Zhi
Published: January 2020

Problems with knitting needles are one of the main causes of production loss of fabric. In order to detect problems with knitting needles quickly and accurately, this paper proposes a hosiery knitting needle detection system based on machine vision. Meanwhile, according to the working condition of real hosiery knitting needles, a simulated needle cylinder rotary platform is built. The system can detect knitting needle problems, and the needle causing the issue can be identified as the beginning of the fabric defect appears. The production losses caused by the bending and fracture of knitting needles are reduced at the source. In the image processing, the vertical projection algorithm is introduced in the system, and the defect of image binarization is improved. At the same time, the multi-classification support vector machine based on the decision tree is used to realize the image classification. The experimental results show that the classification accuracy of the two levels classifiers in the system can reach 100% and 98%, and the best time of system detection is 0.348 s.
Urban green gentrification in an unequal world of climate change
Authors: Blok Anders
Published: January 2020

Over the past few decades, notions of environmental, ecological or green gentrification in cities have entered the lexicon of critical urban scholars and activists alike, not least in North American and European settings. This happens amidst growing concerns that the current policy and planning emphasis on making cities more sustainable serves in some cases to exacerbate socio-material inequalities in the city via forms of residential displacement. In this critical commentary, I respond to recent calls for expanding the socio-geographical parameters of green gentrification research, and for enriching the agenda via new theoretical approaches, by highlighting one particular avenue of problematisation that seems so far conspicuously lacking. This is the realisation that, in an unequal world of anthropogenic climate change, green gentrification must be grasped not only at local but also, simultaneously, at transnational scales of risk-induced socio-spatial restructuring. My suggested approach to a more multi-scalar and climate-sensitive notion of green gentrification proceeds via sociologist Ulrich Beck’s theorising of the intensifying socio-material inequalities of climate change in ‘world risk society’, along with ethnographic work on urban climate politics in Copenhagen, the capital of Denmark, and in the North-West Indian city of Surat. While allowing us to analyse the many local ambivalences wedded with urban sustainability politics in the global North and global South alike, Beck helpfully insists that we keep their unequal trans-local interconnectedness in view, yielding a radicalised notion of green gentrification as set in-between and connecting localised and globalised frames of inequality in new ways.
Does Agency Type Matter for Female Federal Agents? Exploring the Offices of Inspectors General
Authors: Yu Helen H.
Published: January 2020

Recent scholarship has examined the barriers women experience in well-known federal law enforcement agencies. However, there is scant research that examines a unique subgrouping of agents within the federal Offices of Inspectors General (OIGs). Drawing on survey data from 249 female agents, this study compares responses between female agents working in the OIGs and female agents working in all other federal law enforcement agencies to differentiate their experiences. Findings suggest that female agents in the OIGs experience less occupational barriers, namely, reduced number of relocations and incidences of sexual harassment, as well as higher agency adoption of family-friendly policies to promote work–life balance, resulting in women’s higher representation at those agencies.
“We Are Exposed to That College Environment”: Exploring the Socialization of Early College High School Students
Authors: Duncheon Julia C.
Published: January 2020

Objective: Early college high schools (ECHSs) allow high school students to accumulate credit toward an associate degree at little or no cost, often through partnerships with community colleges. The goal is to facilitate students’ socialization into higher education, or the process of learning the skills, knowledge, and dispositions required for college success. However, whether and how this goal translates to practice remains under-studied. Using an organizational socialization framework, this study explores (a) How are ECHS students socialized into higher education? and (b) What do students learn from their ECHS experience? Method: This case study draws a sample of 111 traditionally underrepresented students, 13 teachers, and 1 principal at one ECHS in a U.S.–Mexico border region of Texas. Data were collected via interviews, demographic questionnaires, and documents, and coded using NVivo software. Results: Data analysis revealed three themes pertinent to students’ socialization: (a) receiving academic support, (b) taking college courses, and (c) gaining independence. Across these categories, being able to participate in courses at the community college was especially critical for students’ socialization. Findings also illustrate how tensions between the expectations of the college and those of the school district limited the socialization process. Contributions: This study has implications for research and policy regarding the benefits of ECHS and dual credit coursework, the importance of social experiences on a college campus, and the challenges of secondary–postsecondary misalignment in cross-sector partnerships.
Living with Rich Christians in an Age of Hunger
Authors: Sider Ronald J.
Published: January 2020

This article contains the opening plenary address of the 2019 annual meeting of the American Society of Missiology. Its title leaves open the possibility that Ron Sider is talking about people rather than his book, Rich Christians in an Age of Hunger. But, indeed, his address was more about the book than rich Christians themselves, although they remain present in the wings, just off-stage. Dr. Sider’s controversial, landmark book was published in 1977. This article describes the author’s 40 years of experience vis-à-vis the book that launched and marked his “career” as an advocate for evangelical social engagement.
Deproteinized natural rubber film reinforced with silane-modified silica nanoparticles
Authors: Moolsin Supat , Prasoppol Piwat , Potisuya Pichamon , Seesook Ratree
Published: January 2020

Mechanical properties and morphology of the deproteinized natural rubber (NR) films reinforced with modified silica (SiO2) nanoparticles were studied in this research. In the step of deproteinization, a chemical method followed by centrifugation was used to reduce the amount of protein from 0.42 wt% to 0.11 wt%. Structure-modified nanosilica with Silane A174 was used as an additive to reinforce the deproteinized films. The addition of 1 phr of the modified nanosilica exhibited better tensile strength, tensile force at break, modulus at 500% and elongation at break which were improved significantly compared to those of bare films. The modified nanosilica dispersed uniformly in the rubber matrix with the nanoparticle size less than 100 nm observed from the scanning electron microscope. The prepared rubber films containing the modified SiO2 nanoparticles have great potential to produce the NR gloves having very tiny amounts of protein for medical use which still provide the good mechanical strength compared to the standard ones.
Show Don’t Tell: Diversity Dishonesty Harms Racial/Ethnic Minorities at Work
Authors: Wilton Leigh S. , Bell Ariana N. , Vahradyan Mariam , Kaiser Cheryl R.
Published: January 2020

Organizations aim to convey that they are diverse and inclusive, in part, to recruit racial minorities. We investigate a previously unexamined downside of this recruitment strategy: diversity dishonesty, that is, belief that an organization is falsely or incorrectly inflating its actual diversity. In four studies (total N = 871), we found that diversity dishonesty heightened minorities’ concerns about fitting in, being authentic, and performing well at the organization. We also found that evidence-based cues (which “show” observers whether the organization has a positive or negative diversity climate), but not expressed cues (which “tell” observers about the organization’s diversity), affect these expectations. Using correlational methodologies, Study 1 found these effects were pertinent to African American and Latinx participants’ beliefs about their current workplaces, holding other diversity-related measures constant. Studies 2 to 4 used experimental methods to replicate these findings with African American participants, using a hypothetical workplace setting.
Cloaking the Pregnancy: Scientific Uncertainty and Gendered Burden among Middle-class Mothers in Urban China
Authors: Li Jialin
Published: January 2020

In this article, I use radiation-shielding maternity clothes (cloak) as a window to explore motherhood and reproductive uncertainty in urban China. By engaging with literature on scientific uncertainty and intensive mothering, I argue that the scientific uncertainty over the possible negative impact of electromagnetic radiation (EMF) on pregnancy has led to a situation in which uncertainty is being socially reproduced by experts, markets, and policy makers through different media channels. Middle-class mothers do not fully believe that the cloak is scientifically trustworthy. But under the influence of social networks and the ambient awareness of the reproductive crisis related to environmental pollution and the pressures of modern life, middle-class mothers still choose to wear the clothes for a variable period of pregnancy for psychological feelings of safety. In the end, they choose to cloak their pregnancies (to perform responsible motherhood) but immediately claim their suspicions of the cloak (to perform their scientific knowledge).
Decolonization, popular song and Black-Pacific identity in Melanesia
Authors: Webb Michael , Webb-Gannon Camellia Bell
Published: January 2020

Melanesians were pejoratively labelled the dark-skinned islanders by European explorers in the 1830s, an act that has shaped understandings of the region and its peoples down to the present day. In this brief essay, we attempt to demonstrate that since the new millennium, aided by digital tools and the Internet, young Melanesians have localized Black Atlantic music forms in order to assert agency, no matter how limited, in relation to their experiences of rejection and marginalization within the global system. The musical creation of new identity spaces is briefly considered through three condensed case studies that exemplify core contemporary Melanesian social concerns: (1) Pacific climate change, (2) Melanesian cultural identity in relation to pressures of modernity and globalization and (3) independence for West Papua. Increasingly, we propose, such expressions are becoming a significant factor in the ongoing reshaping in Melanesia of what it means to belong in the world while remaining culturally distinct.
Post-Inquiry Sensemaking: The Case of the ‘Black Saturday’ Bushfires
Authors: Dwyer Graham , Hardy Cynthia , Maguire Steve
Published: January 2020

We examine post-inquiry sensemaking by emergency management practitioners following an inquiry into the most damaging bushfire disaster in Australia’s history. We theorize a model of post-inquiry sensemaking with four distinct but overlapping phases during which sensemaking becomes more prospective over time. In addition to providing important insights into what has, hitherto, been a neglected arena for sensemaking studies, i.e. post-inquiry sensemaking, we contribute to the understanding of sensemaking more generally. Specifically, we show the complex nature of the relationship between sensemaking and equivocality, explain how multiple frames enhance sensemaking, and explore temporality in sensemaking over time.
Persistent Category Ambiguity: The case of social entrepreneurship
Authors: Chliova Myrto , Mair Johanna , Vernis Alfred
Published: January 2020

Literature on categories recognizes that in the early stages of a category, ambiguity can arise from divergent frames used to define the category. Yet it also largely expects this ambiguity to be either temporary, or else detrimental to the survival and evolution of the category. In this study, we demonstrate and explain how, alternatively, category ambiguity can persist when multiple frames continue to be applied to a category as it progresses into maturity. Drawing on an in-depth qualitative study of the case of social entrepreneurship, we examine how and under what conditions this outcome occurs. We specify two co-occurring conditions that prompt category stakeholders to shift their framing from exclusive to inclusive, enabling category ambiguity to persist. We furthermore show how the use of category frames that draw from pre-existing resonant categories supports the persistence of category ambiguity. We contribute to literature on categories by clarifying the antecedents of category evolution towards a trajectory of persistent ambiguity.
It’s All about the Money? Family policies, individual gender-role attitudes, and childbearing intentions in an international perspective
Authors: Wesolowski Katharina
Published: January 2020

This study aims to explore whether individual gender-role attitudes moderate potential policy effects on planned childbearing. This is done by employing a typology of earner-carer and traditional-family support in multilevel analyses, pooling data from 2010 for 23 countries. It is expected that individuals preferring earner-carer arrangements react more positively to earner-carer support, while individuals preferring traditional-family arrangements react more positively to traditional-family support. The results show that gender-role attitudes moderate the effect of family policies on mothers’ and childless men’s planned childbearing. Gender-egalitarian mothers have stronger childbearing intentions with higher income replacement in earner-carer support. Contrary to expectations, gender-egalitarian childless men have stronger childbearing intentions with higher income replacement in traditional-family support. Moreover, the results show that both family policies and gender-role attitudes influence childbearing intentions independently, and that family policies play a role mainly for childless respondents.
Metasynthesis of Patients’ Perspectives about Reminiscence in Dementia Care
Authors: Abu Khait Abdallah , Shellman Juliette , Sabo Katherine
Published: January 2020

Dementia is a serious condition that has become a public health priority worldwide. Reminiscence is the process of recollecting personal memories from the distant past. This metasynthesis aims to present a thorough analysis of available qualitative literature concerning patients’ perspectives about reminiscence in dementia care. A search of CINAHL, PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, and ProQuest for qualitative studies published in English between 2005 and 2019 generated 110 studies. Eleven studies were retrieved, assessed for quality using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool, and then synthesized according to Noblit and Hare’s seven-step approach. Metaphors were arranged in a list and translated into one another. Five reciprocal themes emerged: Promoting a Comfort Zone, Keeping the Conversation Going, Creating a Dynamic Life, Reliving Painful Memories and Emotional Turmoil, and Strengthening Inner Forces. Increased awareness of patients’ perspectives about reminiscence can help design a better framework for interventions that will serve this vulnerable population.
Benign Vocal Fold Lesions in Patients with Chronic Cough
Authors: Adessa Michelle , Xiao Roy , Hull Darcey , Bowen Andrew J. , Milstein Claudio F. , Benninger Michael S. , Bryson Paul C.
Published: January 2020

Objective

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of benign vocal fold lesions (BVFLs) in patients with chronic cough over a 1‐year period.

Study Design

Case series with chart review.

Setting

Tertiary academic medical center.

Subjects and Methods

A retrospective cohort study of patients with chronic cough seen in our tertiary multidisciplinary cough clinic from 2016 to 2017 was conducted. Patient characteristics, presence of BVFLs by laryngoscopy, and Leicester Cough Questionnaire (LCQ) were recorded.

Results

A total of 419 patients were included (average age: 61 years), and 67% of patients were female. Ten percent of patients had BVFLs: granuloma (5%), leukoplakia (3%), nodules (2%), and polyps (1%). Median cough duration was 2.9 years (interquartile range [IQR], 0.7‐8.5); no significant difference in median cough duration was observed between patients with BVFLs and those with no lesions (2.6 vs 3.0 years, P =. 86). In total, 178 patients (42%) had available LCQ data: median score of 10.2 (IQR, 7.9‐13.9); no significant difference in median LCQ was observed between patients with BVFLs and those with no lesions (10.5 vs 10.1, P =. 54).

Conclusion

Prevalence of BVFLs in our cohort of patients with chronic cough was 10%, with posterior glottic lesions—granuloma—being the most common (5%). Prevalence of midmembranous lesions was as follows: vocal fold nodules (2%) and vocal fold polyps (1%). BVFLs were not associated with longer cough duration or more severe cough. We cannot determine a causative or noncausative relationship between BVFLs and chronic cough at this time due to lack of a control group.
What Is the Size and Legal Composition of the US Foreign-Born Population?
Authors: Jasso Guillermina , Rosenzweig Mark R.
Published: January 2020

We assess government estimates of the size and legal composition of the US foreign-born population from 2007 to 2015. We examine annual Census Bureau estimates of the total number of foreign born (by citizenship) and annual Office of Immigration Statistics (OIS) estimates of the counts of the three noncitizen categories — legal permanent residents, legal temporary residents, and the unauthorized. Comparison of the annual Census estimates of the number of noncitizens with the estimates implied by the OIS estimates reveals that the OIS estimates are larger than the Census estimates by 3.4–4.7 million over the period. Besides documenting these discrepancies, we describe the data and methods used to produce the estimates, identify the possible sources of discrepancies, propose and implement an approach for reconciling the estimates, and contrast the reconciled estimates with the original estimates. Finally, we provide a foundation for improving estimates of the size of the four major categories of the foreign born, for example, by suggesting new methods to measure citizenship and to estimate such groups as legal permanent residents who become unauthorized. Because in most countries the four foreign-born subpopulations are constrained by distinctive rules, they each have different impacts on their host countries. Estimates of their size are critical for assessments of immigration policy, as differing constraints on employment and entitlement eligibility across these categories means that having accurate counts of their numbers is essential for assessing their economic and fiscal impacts in any country that hosts immigrants.
Applying the Dynamic-Maturational Model of Attachment and Adaptation in criminal justice interventions
Authors: Baim Clark Michael
Published: January 2020

This article describes how contemporary attachment theory can support accurate assessment and effective intervention in criminal justice contexts. I offer an introduction to Crittenden’s Dynamic-Maturational Model (DMM) of Attachment and Adaptation and explain why this well-evidenced model is especially relevant to criminal justice interventions. The DMM is a biopsychosocial model, informed by neurodevelopmental research, and as such it offers a developmental understanding of the wide range of adaptations used by people who are endangered or endangering to others. It is a strengths-based, non-labelling and non-pathologising model which conceptualises adaptations to danger as self-protective strategies that promote survival in their original context, but which may later lead to problematic, dangerous, or self-defeating behaviour.
Future challenges and emerging role of academic libraries in Pakistan: A phenomenology approach
Authors: Ashiq Murtaza , Rehman Shafiq Ur , Mujtaba Ghulam
Published: January 2020

This study was carried out to investigate the current and prospective challenges faced by academic libraries in Pakistan and to present possible solutions addressing these challenges. The research design was qualitative, adopting the phenomenology approach. In-depth interviews of 14 senior academic library leaders from public and private sector universities of Pakistan were conducted. Leadership crisis was identified as the top challenge followed by those related to changing user behavior, human resources, financial, technological issues, and changes in higher education. Prospective challenges encompassed issues related to technological modalities, human resources, research data management and library space. While the study participants indicated their readiness to cope with these challenges, they agreed that there was a need of collective effort for human capacity building, initiation of compatible smart services, effective policy making and creation of societal awareness. The support from key players such as the library professionals, library associations, top management, LIS schools, HEC and other funding agencies was deemed to be vital for this purpose.
Predictors for unsuccessful weaning from venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting
Authors: Shao Juanjuan , Wang Liangshan , Wang Hong , Hou Xiaotong
Published: January 2020

Background:

Studies reporting risk factors associated with unsuccessful weaning for coronary artery bypass grafting patients on venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation are scarce. This study was designed to identify factors associated with unsuccessful weaning from venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

Methods:

Data from 166 coronary artery bypass grafting patients supported with venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation at the Beijing Anzhen Hospital between February 2004 and March 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Multivariable logistic regression was performed using bootstrapping methodology to identify factors independently associated with unsuccessful weaning from venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

Results:

A total of 106 patients (64%) could be weaned from venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and 74 patients (45%) were alive at hospital discharge. The 30-day and 60-day survival rates after ECMO weaning were 72% and 70%, respectively. Pre-existing hypertension (odds ratio, 2.54; 95% confidence interval, 1.16-5.56; p = 0.02), serum creatinine (+1 μmol/L; odds ratio, 1.008; 95% confidence interval, 1.003-1.013; p = 0.001), and serum lactate (+1 mmol/L; odds ratio, 1.17; 95% confidence interval, 1.08-1.26; p = 0.001) were independent risk factors associated with unsuccessful weaning from venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Higher platelet count was protective (+1 × 109/L; odds ratio, 0.992; 95% confidence interval, 0.986-0.998; p = 0.011). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.81 (95% confidence interval, 0.75-0.88) for the logistic regression model was better than those for the survival after VA-ECMO score (p = 0.002), EuroSCORE (p < 0.001), and the prEdictioN of Cardiogenic shock OUtcome foR Acute myocardial infarction patients salvaGed by VA-ECMO scores (p = 0.02) in this population. The pRedicting mortality in patients undergoing venoarterial Extracorporeal MEMBrane oxygenation after coronary artEry bypass gRafting (0.76; 95% confidence interval, 0.68-0.83; p = 0.29) and sepsis-related organ failure assessment score (0.77; 95% confidence interval, 0.70-0.85; p = 0.46) exhibited good performances similar to the logistic regression model.

Conclusion:

Pre-existing hypertension, serum creatinine, serum lactate, and low platelet count were independent predictors for unsuccessful weaning from venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting.
Impact on venous haemodynamics after treatment of great saphenous vein incompetence using plethysmography and duplex ultrasound
Authors: Nelzén P Oskar E , Skoog Johan , Öster Malin , Zachrisson Helene
Published: January 2020

Objectives

To evaluate postoperative venous haemodynamics and quality of life after treatment of great saphenous vein (GSV) incompetence.

Methods

Radiofrequency ablation and high ligation and stripping were performed in 62 patients (65 limbs) and 58 (65 limbs), respectively. Phlebectomies were performed in both modalities. Strain-gauge plethysmography on the foot combined with superficial venous occlusion was used to measure refilling time after knee bends. Strain-gauge plethysmography, duplex ultrasound and quality of life were assessed before and one month after treatment.

Results

Duplex ultrasound displayed successful intervention in all but two limbs. Refilling time increased similar in radiofrequency ablation and high ligation and stripping after treatment ( p < 0.001). Postoperatively, strain-gauge plethysmography detected remaining reflux in 71% of the patients. Multivariate analysis showed that two or more incompetent calf branches were associated with remaining reflux (OR 4.82 (95% CI: 1.33–17.5), p = 0.02). No difference in quality of life was seen in patients with remaining reflux.

Conclusions

Despite successful treatment, a majority of the limbs showed remaining reflux, in which incompetent calf branches appear to play an important role. Clinicaltials.gov: Lower Limb Venous Insufficiency and the Effect of Radiofrequency Treatment Versus Open Surgery. Nr: NCT02397226
Plasma monoamines change under dopamine supersensitivity psychosis in patients with schizophrenia: A comparison with first-episode psychosis
Authors: Takase Masayuki , Kimura Hisoshi , Kanahara Nobuhisa , Nakata Yusuke , Iyo Masaomi
Published: January 2020

Background:

Patients with first-episode psychosis respond well to initial antipsychotic treatment, but among patients experiencing a relapse of psychosis, the response rate falls to approximately 30%. The mechanism of this discrepancy has not been clarified, but the development of dopamine supersensitivity psychosis with the underlying up-regulation of post-synaptic dopamine D2 receptors could be involved in this lesser response. It is uncertain whether elevated dopamine synthesis and release occurs in patients with dopamine supersensitivity psychosis, in contrast to those with first-episode psychosis.

Patients and methods:

We examined a first-episode psychosis group ( n=6) and a chronic schizophrenia group, i.e. patients experiencing relapse ( n=23) including those who relapsed due to dopamine supersensitivity psychosis ( n=18). Following the initiation of treatment, we measured the patients’ blood concentrations of homovanillic acid and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol at two weeks and four weeks after the baseline measurements.

Results:

The first-episode psychosis group tended to show decreased homovanillic acid, accompanied by an improvement of symptoms. The chronic schizophrenia group showed no alteration of homovanillic acid or 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol over the treatment period. These results were the same in the dopamine supersensitivity psychosis patients alone.

Conclusions:

Our findings suggest that unlike first-episode psychosis, the release of dopamine from presynaptic neurons did not increase in relapse episodes in the patients with dopamine supersensitivity psychosis. This indirectly indicates that the development of supersensitivity of post-synapse dopamine D2 receptor is involved in relapse in dopamine supersensitivity psychosis patients.
Revival of water table experiment in fluid mechanics courses, part II
Authors: Goushcha Oleg
Published: January 2020

In an effort to find a simple and efficient method for observing and predicting compressible flows in an instructional environment, we revisit the classical hydraulic analogy. The focus is made on using a water table apparatus to visualize the formation of oblique surface waves in a flow around a wedge. These waves are analogous to the oblique shock waves seen in a compressible flow. A mathematical derivation of this analogy is presented together with water table experiment data collected by graduate students. The comparison between the predicted values and measured values is made and shows a remarkable correlation between the two for simulated Mach numbers.
An Early Dynastic Crucible from the Settlement of Elkab (Upper Egypt)
Authors: Claes Wouter , Davey Christopher J. , Hendrickx Stan
Published: January 2020

During excavations in the spring of 2015 in the settlement of Elkab, a complete and almost intact crucible was discovered on the floor level of a Second Dynasty building. This article describes the crucible and its archaeological context, it explores the design of the crucible in comparison with contemporary crucibles of a corresponding style and it foreshadows the character of on-going research. The crucible has the shape depicted in Old Kingdom tomb metal-working scenes. Its profile became the hieroglyphic ideogram denoting metal-workers implying it was an iconic implement, although this is currently the only example of this kind of crucible from Egypt. Indeed, this is the earliest complete crucible for melting copper yet found anywhere.
New Insights into the Step Pyramid Complex: Klasens’ Unpublished Seal Impression Drawings
Authors: Beuthe Tatjana
Published: January 2020

The Egypt Exploration Society archive contains unpublished pencil drawings by A. Klasens of seal impressions found in the Step Pyramid complex of Saqqara. Digitally inked versions of these drawings are published here for the first time. The seal impressions can be sourced to the Northern Galleries of the complex. The impressions were sealed on clay formerly plastered on a wall, and also bore the imprints of the end(s) of cylinder seals. To explain the presence of seal impressions of Khasekhemwy among the sealings drawn by Klasens, an attempt is made to trace the construction and use history of the Northern Galleries and the contemporary Western Galleries. Possible parallels between some of the Step Pyramid sealings and Beit Khallaf sealings are also discussed.
The effects of static and dynamic measurements using transpulmonary thermodilution devices on fluid therapy in septic shock: A systematic review
Authors: Scully Timothy G , Huang Yifan , Huang Stephen , McLean Anthony S , Orde Sam R
Published: January 2020

Transpulmonary thermodilution devices have been widely shown to be accurate in septic shock patients in assessing fluid responsiveness. We conducted a systematic review to assess the relationship between fluid therapy protocols guided by transpulmonary thermodilution devices on fluid balance and the amount of intravenous fluid used in septic shock. We searched MEDLINE, Embase and The Cochrane Library. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they were prospective, parallel trials that were conducted in an intensive care setting in patients with septic shock. The comparator group was either central venous pressure, early goal-directed therapy or pulmonary artery occlusion pressure. Studies assessing only the accuracy of fluid responsiveness prediction by transpulmonary thermodilution devices were excluded. Two reviewers independently performed the search, extracted data and assessed the bias of each study. In total 27 full-text articles were identified for eligibility; of these, nine studies were identified for inclusion in the systematic review. Three of these trials used dynamic parameters derived from transpulmonary thermodilution devices and six used primarily static parameters to guide fluid therapy. There was evidence for a significant reduction in positive fluid balance in four out of the nine studies. From the available studies, the results suggest the benefit of transpulmonary thermodilution monitoring in the septic shock population with regard to reducing positive fluid balance is seen when the devices are utilised for at least 72 hours. Both dynamic and static parameters derived from transpulmonary thermodilution devices appear to lead to a reduction in positive fluid balance in septic shock patients compared to measurements of central venous pressure and early goal-directed therapy.
The Concept of Sport Sampling Versus Sport Specialization: Preventing Youth Athlete Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Carder Seth L. , Giusti Nicolas E. , Vopat Lisa M. , Tarakemeh Armin , Baker Jordan , Vopat Bryan G. , Mulcahey Mary K.
Published: January 2020

Background:

The prevalence of youth athletes specializing in 1 sport has been increasing over the past decade. Subsequently, the rate of youth athlete injury has also been increasing. It is possible that an association exists between youth specialization and sports injury rate.

Purpose:

To determine if sport sampling is associated with a lower sports injury rate in youths compared with youths who specialize in 1 sport.

Study Design:

Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods:

A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines using PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane library. Inclusion criteria included studies written in the English language, studies with athletes between 7 and 18 years of age, studies that report injury rates, and studies that specify if athletes were sport samplers or specialized in a sport. Data relevant to this study, including injuries and patient characteristics, were extracted and statistically analyzed.

Results:

The initial search identified 324 studies, 6 of which met inclusion criteria. From these 6 studies, the total participant number was 5736. Of those, 2451 (42.7%) were “sport samplers,” 1628 (28.4%) were “sport specializers,” and 1657 (28.9%) were considered “others” (ie, could not be classified as true samplers or true specializers). The average age of all the athletes was 14.6 years (range, 7-18 years). Sport specializers had a significantly higher injury risk than the sport samplers (RR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.19-1.57; P < .0001). There was a higher risk of injury in the “others” group when compared with the “sport sampler” group (RR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.14-1.29; P < .0001). There was a higher risk of injury in the “sport specializer” group over the “others” group (RR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.04-1.14; P < .005).

Conclusion:

Sport sampling is associated with a decreased risk of sports injury in youth athletes when compared with those who specialize in 1 sport. Injury rates increase as a youth athlete becomes increasingly specialized. Youth athletes would benefit substantially from participating in sport sampling.
How well do we manage non-muscle invasive bladder tumors? A UK audit of real-life practices
Authors: Sountoulides Petros , Mutomba Wilbert Fana , Bouras Emmanouil , Lim Jieqi , Bourdoumis Andreas , Jain Arun
Published: January 2020

Objective:

The aim of this study was to assess the quality of TURBT (transurethral resection of bladder tumor) using surrogate parameters and evaluate adherence to the guidelines regarding the management of bladder tumors.

Materials and methods:

A clinical audit of all new diagnosis of bladder cancer was undertaken from January 2016 to January 2017. A total of 101 new bladder cancer cases were included. Surrogates of TURBT quality including presence of detrusor in the specimen, rate of re-TUR, presence of carcinoma in situ, and 3-month recurrence rates were analyzed. Adherence to guidelines regarding management of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer including time to re-TUR and utilization of single instillation chemotherapy was evaluated.

Results:

Absence of detrusor muscle in the specimen of the initial TURBT was noted in 22.8% of the cases. The chance of including muscle in the specimen was almost four-fold for tumors larger than 3 cm. A single instillation of intravesical chemotherapy following TURBT was administered in only 40% of eligible patients; 54.3% of patients had a re-TUR, the majority (61.3%) for high-grade non-muscle invasive bladder cancer on initial TURBT. Re-TUR was done on average 10 weeks after initial TURBT. The 3-month recurrence rate was 36.0% with larger tumors (>3 cm) being more prone to early recurrences. Early recurrences were not affected by intravesical instillations with bacillus Calmette–Guérin or mitomycin C although there was a positive association between the presence of carcinoma in situ on initial resection and early recurrences.

Discussion and conclusion:

One in two patients will have a re-TUR, and approximately one in two patients will have tumor on re-TUR. Single immediate chemotherapy instillations after TURBT are underutilized. The presence of carcinoma in situ on initial TURBT and tumor size were predictors of early recurrences.
On the institutional and intellectual division of labor in epigenetics research: A scientometric analysis
Authors: Larregue Julien , Larivière Vincent , Mongeon Philippe
Published: January 2020

While numerous qualitative social scientific analyses of (environmental) epigenetics have been published, we still lack a macro-level, quantitative assessment of the field of epigenetics as a whole. This article is aimed at filling this gap. Mobilizing an extended version of the Web of Science, we constituted a corpus of 199,484 documents (articles, reviews, editorial material, etc.) published between 1991 and 2017 and performed several scientometric analyses to map out the development and structure of the epigenetics field. Three main results were drawn from these investigations. First, contradicting the hope expressed by some social scientists that their disciplines will find solace in epigenetics’ social biology, it is striking that the scientists, journals and institutions that drive most of the research in the field are overall little concerned with social and environmental dimensions of gene expression. Second, and confirming existing qualitative analyses, we find that epigenetics is constituted by diverse networks of scholars, institutions and research specialties that enjoy relative autonomy from each other and approach epigenetics through different thematic interests, from cognitive functions to cancer, to DNA methylation in plants and molecular biology. Third, findings obtained from the bibliographic coupling showed that these different networks became more and more autonomous over the last decade, which suggests that we are currently witnessing the constitution of a scientific archipelago akin to that of behavior genetics (Panofsky, 2014: 33) rather than to a discipline per se. At the same time, this differentiation was less pronounced conceptually speaking, as we also observed a clear standardization of the keywords used in epigenetics articles between 1991 and 2017, with DNA methylation and RNAs serving as rallying signs for different communities of researchers.
Clozapine and the Course of Bipolar Disorder in the Systematic Treatment Enhancement Program for Bipolar Disorder (STEP-BD): La clozapine et l’évolution du trouble bipolaire dans le Programme d’amélioration systématique du traitement du trouble bipolaire (STEP-BD)
Authors: Costa Marta H. , Kunz Mauricio , Nierenberg Andrew A. , Deckersbach Thilo , Berk Michael , Magalhaes Pedro V. S.
Published: January 2020

Objective:

The potential of clozapine in severe bipolar disorder is suggested by its efficacy in refractory schizophrenia, but the evidence is limited thus far. This report utilizes data from the standard care pathway of the Systematic Treatment Enhancement Program to examine the clinical impact of clozapine in bipolar disorder, comparing it to two groups, one that received olanzapine and an additional group that received neither drug.

Method:

A total of 4,032 outpatients were available for this analysis. Groups for longitudinal analyses are based on the medication used at each visit. Outcomes assessed were clinical status, symptoms subscales, hospitalizations, and death. We utilized mixed models and generalized estimating equations to adjust for baseline differences and investigate longitudinal differences in symptoms, clinical status, and hospitalization rates between groups.

Results:

During the study, 1.1% ( n = 43) of the patients used clozapine at any time. Those on clozapine had significantly fewer manic and depressive symptoms during follow-up as compared with those on neither clozapine nor olanzapine, while those on olanzapine had more symptoms. The use of clozapine was not associated with an increased risk of hospitalization. No deaths were recorded for clozapine group during the trial.

Conclusions:

Although prescribed to very few patients, the impact of clozapine was notable, with fewer symptoms in patients who had more severe illnesses at baseline. Clozapine could prove to be as successful an intervention for late-stage bipolar disorder as it has been in schizophrenia.
Tissue reactions to polyethylene glycol and glutaraldehyde-based surgical sealants in a rabbit aorta model
Authors: Slezak Paul , Klang Andrea , Ferguson James , Monforte Xavier , Schmidt Peter , Bauder Barbara , Url Angelika , Osuchowski Marcin , Redl Heinz , Spazierer Daniel , Gulle Heinz
Published: January 2020

Surgical sealants help achieve rapid haemostasis when applied as an adjunct to sutures in vascular surgery, but their use can lead to various side effects. This study compared the local inflammatory reaction to commercially available BioGlue and Coseal sealants in a rabbit aorta suture hole model. Twenty male New Zealand white rabbits were randomised to testing with either BioGlue or Coseal. Two weeks after sealant application to suture holes, sections of the aorta at the puncture site, and surrounding tissue, were processed for histopathological analysis. Inflammation was graded from 0 to 3 according to tissue alteration and presence of inflammatory cells. Material stiffness was measured in vitro using compression testing. From examination of the inflammatory response to the sealants, a less severe histopathological assessment score was assigned to the Coseal compared to the BioGlue group (mean ± SD: 1.56 ± 0.53 vs 2.67 ± 0.50; p = 0.002). While both materials triggered a typical foreign body reaction characterised by granulomatous inflammation, BioGlue additionally provoked eosinophilic cell infiltration. Lymphocytes, plasma cells and B cells were also more prevalent in the BioGlue compared to the Coseal specimens. Coseal residue was either absent or visible in only small quantities, while significant BioGlue deposits remained in the tissue 2 weeks after application. Coseal was much more elastic than BioGlue, with a compressive modulus an order of magnitude lower (mean ± SD: 91 ± 41 vs 1833 ± 297 kPa). Compared to BioGlue, Coseal elicited a less pronounced inflammatory response in the aortic and peri-aortic tissue in this model, and demonstrated greater elasticity.
Toward an Ecological Understanding of Intimate Partner Sexual Violence
Authors: Tarzia Laura
Published: January 2020

Intimate partner sexual violence (IPSV) is a common yet hidden form of violence against women. It encompasses a range of behaviors, including rape and sexual assault, and also more subtle behaviors such as the use of coercion and blackmail to obtain sex. It is typically described as an aspect of intimate partner violence, yet, although it often co-occurs with physical or psychological abuse, the contextual factors and nuances of sexual violence perpetrated by an intimate partner are likely to be very different. IPSV also differs greatly from sexual assault perpetrated by a stranger or other known person. Despite this, ecological theories and models developed to help understand and prevent violence against women have neglected or excluded IPSV. This is problematic given the serious mental and physical health problems consistently associated with it. In response, this article aims to explore the ecological factors that may be associated with IPSV at the individual, relationship, community, and societal levels. It draws on both inductive and deductive thematic analysis of N = 38 in-depth, unstructured interviews with women victim/survivors. Individual-level factors included sexual inexperience and past trauma (for victims), and fragile masculinity and a sense of entitlement to sex (for perpetrators). Relationship-level factors included a large age gap in the relationship and co-occurring psychological abuse. Community-level factors were identified as failure to talk about sex, isolation, and lack of support, while societal-level factors included the idea that sex is a woman’s duty in a relationship, and that “real rape” is perpetrated by strangers. These factors are incorporated into a proposed ecological model that is unique to IPSV, furthering our understanding of this complex problem and its areas of overlap and difference with intimate partner violence and sexual violence. With refinement and testing through large-scale quantitative studies, this model may be critical in guiding future prevention efforts.
Engagement Intent: Role Theory Perspectives for Balancing Individual and Firm-Level Engagement Outcomes
Authors: Welbourne Theresa M. , Schlachter Steven
Published: January 2020

The topic of employee engagement has received tremendous attention. With this large body of work has come numerous definitions, varied measurement systems and diverse employee-based interventions designed to improve engagement. In this article, we suggest that a variant on this work, employee engagement intent, can provide a useful framework for research and practice. Through a review of the evolution of employee engagement, we utilize two unique concepts that have emerged over time. One is that employee engagement is about the individual employee bringing more of himself or herself to work, and the second is that engagement initiatives are focused on encouraging employees to engage in behaviors that go above and beyond the core job at work. To help unify these two concepts and provide a theoretical basis for studying intent, we tap into role theory and specifically five roles at work. Intent is defined as the degree to which employees engage in non–core job roles to bring more of themselves to work (for personal interest) while also helping meet company-specific objectives. We use the model of engagement intent to suggest specific interventions that should help organizations interested in improving individual and business performance through intentional engagement programs.