bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biblioteca escolar como espaço de reinvenções curriculares
Authors: Silva Eduardo Valadares da , Moraes Fabiano De Oliviera
Published: November 2015

O presente trabalho apresenta reflexões acerca da biblioteca escolar concebida sob uma perspectiva de espaço de reinvenções curriculares utilizando Michel de Certeau como o principal referencial teórico norteador das reflexões aqui apresentadas. Trata-se de um estudo de caso que lança mão de estudo bibliográfico para estabelecer uma aproximação com a Rede de Bibliotecas Escolares da Prefeitura Municipal de Vitória no Espírito Santo, adotada aqui como objeto de análise, por se tratar de uma Rede que conta com um bibliotecário atuando em cada uma de suas unidades de Ensino Fundamental desde o ano de 2006. Objetiva demonstrar que ainda assim existem alguns desafios que estão ligados principalmente ao reconhecimento da biblioteca como um espaçotempo de constituição do currículo escolar e ao processo de construção de uma identidade do bibliotecário como um sujeito educador, ainda que biblioteca e bibliotecários não sejam oficialmente considerados nas Diretrizes Curriculares que norteiam o Ensino Fundamental neste Município. Nesse contexto apresenta uma análise de movimentos cotidianos buscando fugir das relações de poder por vezes já preconcebidas à biblioteca escolar criando suas próprias maneiras de constituição do currículo nesse espaço levando em consideração a singularidade dos sujeitos e a compreensão da prática a partir do envolvimento cotidiano.
Nos meandros das políticas públicas: a biblioteca escolar em (dis)curso
Authors: Ferrarezi Ludmila , Sousa Lucília Maria Abrahão e
Published: November 2015

O objetivo deste artigo é investigar como as bibliotecas escolares são discursivizadas no âmbito das políticas públicas brasileiras que (supostamente) as tem como foco, chamando a atenção para a falta e o equívoco que perpassam o discurso bem como tais iniciativas. Nós buscamos também analisar, a partir da perspectiva da Análise do Discurso de linha francesa, a lei nº 12244/2010 (que visa à universalização das bibliotecas em todas as instituições de ensino do país), de modo a investigar como a memória discursiva sustenta a retomada de alguns dos sentidos já-ditos sobre essa instituição, os quais foram constituídos por meio de relações de força que permitem a sua naturalização e, também, se os discursos que circulam nesse documento apontam para uma mudança na maneira como a biblioteca foi enunciada até então, possibilitando a emergência de novas posições discursivas, outros sentidos que carregam a promessa de novas possibilidades para as bibliotecas escolares.
A biblioteca escolar como espaço diferenciado: a perspectiva da cultura escolar
Authors: Félix Andreza Ferreira , Duarte Adriana Bogliolo Sirihal
Published: November 2015

Este artigo é resultado de pesquisa conduzida no Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência da Informação da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - PGCI-UFMG. A pesquisa trata das práticas educativas desenvolvidas em bibliotecas escolares da Rede Municipal de Educação de Belo Horizonte relacionando-as à cultura escolar. É apresentado o conceito de bibliotecas efetivas enquanto espaços que ofertam condições de acesso ao acervo bibliográfico mas que também se constituem como espaços de aprendizagem. A pesquisa teve como objetivo principal discutir qual a natureza da cultura escolar que favorece bibliotecas efetivas. Esta questão norteou o percurso da pesquisa buscando diagnosticar e analisar práticas educativas em bibliotecas escolares e sua relação a cultura escolar abarcando elementos como: como o ambiente e no qual são produzidas e os sujeitos que as produzem. A amostra foi composta de três escolas da região metropolitana de Belo Horizonte na qual participaram diretores, bibliotecários e dois professores em cada instituição. Os dados coletados foram transcritos e categorizados para análise qualitativa, de vertente intepretativa. Os resultados da pesquisa apontam para aspectos conceituais do termo cultura escolar e analisa as práticas do sujeitos como foco para entender como a biblioteca se constitui enquanto um espaço diferente da sala de aula, tais práticas e relações figuram como objeto principal deste artigo. Evidencia como esta disposição contribui positivamente para que a biblioteca exerça seu papel educativo. Conclui que a cultura escolar é uma importante dimensão de análise para compreensão da função educativa da biblioteca.
O imaginário em (dis)curso: movências de sentidos sobre Biblioteca Pública
Authors: Camillo Everton Da Silva
Published: November 2015

O presente trabalho parte do desejo de colocar à mostra aspectos que cabem ao papel da biblioteca pública em uma sociedade dinâmica e requerente de constante informação, colocando em contraste o imaginário institucional da mesma projetado socialmente pelos usuários real e potencial tidos como passíveis dos seus serviços e recursos disponíveis na biblioteca, em contraste com a literatura das áreas a serem trabalhadas – biblioteca e formações imaginárias –, assim como uma amostra do imaginário em torno dos conceitos criados por estudantes de Ciências da Informação e da Documentação e Biblioteconomia sobre a instituição já referida, que consolida na conclusão do trabalho.
Regulator of G-Protein Signaling 10 Negatively Regulates Cardiac Remodeling by Blocking Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase–Extracellular Signal-Regulated Protein Kinase 1/2 Signaling
Authors: Miao Rujia , Lu Yao , Xing Xiaowei , Li Ying , Huang Zhijun , Zhong Hua , Huang Yun , Chen Alex F. , Tang Xiaohong , Li Hongliang , Cai Jingjing , Yuan Hong
Published: November 2015

Regulator of G-protein signaling 10 (RGS10) is an important member of the RGS family and produces biological effects in multiple organs. We used a genetic approach to study the role of RGS10 in the regulation of pathological cardiac hypertrophy and found that RGS10 can negatively influence pressure overload–induced cardiac remodeling. RGS10 expression was markedly decreased in failing human hearts and hypertrophic murine hearts. The extent of aortic banding–induced cardiac hypertrophy, dysfunction, and fibrosis in RGS10-knockout mice was exacerbated, whereas the heart of transgenic mice with cardiac-specific RGS10 overexpression exhibited an alleviated response to pressure overload. Consistently, RGS10 also inhibited an angiotensin II–induced hypertrophic response in isolated cardiomyocytes. Mechanistically, cardiac remodeling improvement elicited by RGS10 was associated with the abrogation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1/2–extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 signaling. Furthermore, the inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase–extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 transduction abolished RGS10 deletion-induced hypertrophic aggravation. These findings place RGS10 and its downstream signaling mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase–extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 as crucial regulators of pathological cardiac hypertrophy after pressure overload and identify this pathway as a potential therapeutic target to attenuate the pressure overload–driven cardiac remodeling.
Hypertension Risk Subsequent to Gestational Dysglycemia Is Modified by Race/Ethnicity
Authors: Bentley-Lewis Rhonda , Huynh Jennifer , Li Sylvia , Wenger Julia , Thadhani Ravi
Published: November 2015

Gestational diabetes mellitus is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Additionally, gestational dysglycemia has been associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus but not yet associated with hypertension subsequent to pregnancy in long-term follow-up. Therefore, we set out to examine this relationship as well as the role of race/ethnicity in modifying this relationship. We analyzed a prospective observational cohort followed between 1998 and 2007. There were 17 655 women with self-reported race/ethnicity and full-term, live births. A 1-hour 50 g oral glucose-load test and a 3-hour 100 g oral glucose-tolerance test enabled third trimester stratification of women into 1 of 4 glucose-tolerance groups: (1) normal (n=15 056); (2) abnormal glucose-load test (n=1558); (3) abnormal glucose-load and -tolerance tests (n=520); and (4) gestational diabetes mellitus (n=521). Women were then followed for a mean±standard deviation of 4.1±2.9 years after delivery for the development of hypertension. Although gestational diabetes mellitus was associated with an increased risk of hypertension after pregnancy (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 1.58 [1.02, 2.45];
P
=0.04), dysglycemia defined by an abnormal glucose-load test predicted hypertension only among black women (4.52 [1.24, 16.52];
P
=0.02). The risk of hypertension after pregnancy among dysglycemia groups not meeting criteria for gestational diabetes mellitus varied based on the race/ethnicity of the population. Further research on the implications of the intersection of race/ethnicity and gestational dysglycemia on subsequent hypertension is warranted.
The Rings of the Lord
Authors: Frolov Serge
Published: November 2015

Examining the ring compositions that recent studies claim to have discovered in Numbers and Judges, the article argues that in both cases the reconstructions involve questionable treatment of the text’s literary divisions and especially of the alleged and actual parallels between them. This, in turn, places a question mark over the entire quest for book-scale symmetric literary structures in the Hebrew Bible.
Charlie the Freethinker: Religion, Blasphemy, and Decent Controversy
Authors: Benesch Susan
Published: November 2015

This comment examines the tension between freedom of expression and freedom of religion by embedding the Charlie Hebdo cartoons in a wider, century-old European tradition of publications mocking religion, including Christianity. It describes, and draws lessons from, the 19th century blasphemy case against the British Freethinker newspaper, whose “technique of offense” was similar to that of Charlie Hebdo. Finally, the comment tackles the problem of violent response to text or images that mock religion, pointing out that malicious intermediaries often carry such messages between social groups or across national borders—greatly escalating the risk of violence.
International Investment Law in Central Asia
Authors: Sattorova Mavluda
Published: November 2015

Despite the fact that Central Asian states have not been involved in regional investment treaty-making on a scale and thrust similar to that of ASEAN and NAFTA, their evolving approaches to international investment law merit attention, not least because of the unique geopolitical characteristics of the region. The aim of this article is to fill the gap in the existing scholarship by exploring regional characteristics of Central Asian participation in international investment law-making. It will critically evaluate the history of numerous regionalisation efforts and, through a case study of two Central Asian states, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, examine the shared patterns in the evolution of national approaches to investment protection rules. In particular, the identity of Central Asian states as rule-takers and the factors underlying the emergence of distinctive national stances on the scope and objective of investment rules will be analysed.
“Not Taking Rights Seriously”. Opting for the Primacy of eu Law over Broader Human Rights Protection
Authors: Korenica Fisnik , Doli Dren
Published: November 2015

The European Union (eu) accession to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (echr) has been a hot topic in the European legal discourse in this decade. Ruling on the compliance of the Draft Agreement on eu accession to the echr with the eu Treaties, the Court of Justice of the eu (cjeu) came up with a rather controversial Opinion. It ruled that the Draft Agreement is incompliant with the eu Treaties in several respects. One of the core concerns in Opinion 2/13 relates to the management of horizontal relationship between the eu Charter of Fundamental Rights (ChFR) and echr, namely Article 53 ChFR and Article 53 echr. The article examines the Opinion 2/13’s specific concerns on the relationship between Article 53 ChFR and Article 53 echr from a post-accession perspective. It starts by considering the question of the two 53s’ relationship from the eu-law autonomy viewpoint, indicating the main gaps that may present a danger to the latter. While questioning from a number of perspectives the plausibility of the cjeu’s arguments in relation to the two 53s, the article argues that the Court was both controversial and argued against itself when it drew harshly upon these concerns. The article also presents three options to address the cjeu’s requirements on this issue. The article concludes that the cjeu’s statements on the two 53s will seriously hurt the accession project, while critically limiting the possibility of Member States to provide broader protection.
Reclaiming the Radical in Universal Human Rights
Authors: McNeilly Kathryn
Published: November 2015

The universality of human rights has been a fiercely contested issue throughout their history. This article contributes to scholarly engagements with the universality of human rights by proposing a re-engagement with this concept in a way that is compatible with the aims of radical politics. Instead of a static attribute or characteristic of rights this article proposes that universality can be thought of as, drawing from Judith Butler, an ongoing process of universalisation. Universality accordingly emerges as a site of powerful contest between competing ideas of what human rights should mean, do or say, and universal concepts are continually reworked through political activity. This leads to a differing conception of rights politics than traditional liberal approaches but, moreover, challenges such approaches. This understanding of universality allows human rights to come into view as potentially of use in interrupting liberal regimes and, crucially, opens possibilities to reclaim the radical in rights.
Korea’s Landmark Case for Improving the Legal Process for Asylum Seekers
Authors: Lee Il
Published: November 2015

The purpose of this article is to analyze the principle of non-refoulement as applied in four important recent Korea court decisions regarding the asylum-seeking process at ports of entry. Incheon District Court decision 2014 Gu-Hab 30385 and Seoul High Court decision 2014 Nu 52093 concern a non-referral decision; Inchon District Court decision 2014 In 39 concerns illegal airport detention; and Constitutional Court decision 2014 Heon-Ra 592 concerns the right to counsel. In these cases, the courts ordered changes to the previous detention and deportation system and recognized the right to counsel by asylum applicants at ports of entry. As the Korean refugee status determination process is biased towards denying entry to unwelcome foreigners and biased against recognizing refugees, it is important to recognize the duty of the government to develop a better system at ports of entry in order to prevent the unjustified deportation of asylum seekers back to their country of origin.
Hedysarum persicum (Hedysareae, Leguminosae), a new species from Talesh Mountains, Iran
Authors: Bidarlord Mahmoud , Ggahremaninejad Farrokh , Mozafarian Valiolla
Published: November 2015

Hedysarum persicum (Hedysareae, Leguminosae) is described and illustrated as a new species from Talesh Mountains in northwestern Iran. Diagnostic morphological characters useful in discriminating the new species from its close relative H. cappadocicum are explained. Some notes are also presented on the ecology, distribution, and conservation status of the new species.
A redescription of the endemic Madagascan genus Tricompastes (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)
Authors: KMENT PETR , BAENA MANUEL
Published: November 2015

The endemic Madagascan genus Tricompastes Cachan, 1952 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Pentatominae: Triplatygini), containing a single species—Tricompastes gigas Cachan, 1952, is redescribed and illustrated, including first descriptions of male and female genitalia. First exact localities of the species are provided. Lectotype of T. gigas is designated.
New records of Anthalona acuta Van Damme, Sinev & Dumont 2011 and
Anthalona brandorffi (Sinev & Hollwedel, 2002) in Brazil, with description of a new species of the simplex-branch (Crustacea: Cladocera: Chydoridae)
Authors: SOUSA FRANCISCO DIOGO R. , ELMOOR-LOUREIRO LOURDES M. A. , DEBASTIANI-JÚNIOR JOSÉ ROBERTO , MUGNAI RICCARDO , SENNA ANDRÉ
Published: November 2015

The range of geographical distribution of Anthalona acuta Van Damme, Sinev & Dumont 2011 and Anthalona brandorffi (Sinev & Hollwedel, 2002) in Brazil has increased by almost 2000 km to the south. New records of Anthalona verrucosa verrucosa (Sars, 1901) were also added. Populations of Anthalona brandorffi from Central Brazil showed a peculiar morphological variation, with some individuals having only a single denticle on the labral keel. A new species of the simplex-branch, Anthalona neotropica sp. nov., was described based on Brazilian material, and this is the first taxon of this branch registered in the Neotropics. It differs from Anthalona simplex Van Damme, Sinev & Dumont 2011, a Central African species, in the morphology of underneath sack of the lateral head pores, length of IDL setae and armature of first flaming-torch seta of limb IV. It could be distinguished from Anthalona sanoamuangae Sinev & Kotov, 2012 (distributed through the South- East Asia) by the morphology of the main head pores, length of IDL setae and armature of the pecten of postabdominal claw. Anthalona neotropica sp. nov. seems to have a benthic/hyporheic habit. All studied species have a wide geographical distribution and could be confused with Anthalona verrucosa Sars, 1901, thus at least some if not all previous records of this species on the continent must be revised.
Changes in Climate Extremes and Catastrophic Events in the Mongolian Plateau from 1951 to 2012
Authors: Wang Lei , Yao Zhi-Jun , Jiang Li-Guang , Wang Rui , Wu Shan-Shan , Liu Zhao-Fei
Published: November 2015

The spatiotemporal changes in 21 indices of extreme temperature and precipitation for the Mongolian Plateau from 1951 to 2012 were investigated on the basis of daily temperature and precipitation data from 70 meteorological stations. Changes in catastrophic events, such as droughts, floods, and snowstorms, were also investigated for the same period. The correlations between catastrophic events and the extreme indices were examined. The results show that the Mongolian Plateau experienced an asymmetric warming trend. Both the cold extremes and warm extremes showed greater warming at night than in the daytime. The spatial changes in significant trends showed a good homogeneity and consistency in Inner Mongolia. Changes in the precipitation extremes were not as obvious as those in the temperature extremes. The spatial distributions in changes of precipitation extremes were complex. A decreasing trend was shown for total precipitation from west to east as based on the spatial distribution of decadal trends. Drought was the most serious extreme disaster, and prolonged drought for longer than 3 yr occurred about every 7–11 yr. An increasing trend in the disaster area was apparent for flood events from 1951 to 2012. A decreasing trend was observed for the maximum depth of snowfall from 1951 to 2012, with a decreased average maximum depth of 10 mm from the 1990s.
Clouds and the Atmospheric Circulation Response to Warming
Authors: Ceppi Paulo , Hartmann Dennis L.
Published: November 2015

The authors study the effect of clouds on the atmospheric circulation response to CO2 quadrupling in an aquaplanet model with a slab ocean lower boundary. The cloud effect is isolated by locking the clouds to either the control or 4xCO2 state in the shortwave (SW) or longwave (LW) radiation schemes. In the model, cloud radiative changes explain more than half of the total poleward expansion of the Hadley cells, midlatitude jets, and storm tracks under CO2 quadrupling, even though they cause only one-fourth of the total global-mean surface warming. The effect of clouds on circulation results mainly from the SW cloud radiative changes, which strongly enhance the equator-to-pole temperature gradient at all levels in the troposphere, favoring stronger and poleward-shifted midlatitude eddies. By contrast, quadrupling CO2 while holding the clouds fixed causes strong polar amplification and weakened midlatitude baroclinicity at lower levels, yielding only a small poleward expansion of the circulation. The results show that 1) the atmospheric circulation responds sensitively to cloud-driven changes in meridional and vertical temperature distribution and 2) the spatial structure of cloud feedbacks likely plays a dominant role in the circulation response to greenhouse gas forcing. While the magnitude and spatial structure of the cloud feedback are expected to be highly model dependent, an analysis of 4xCO2 simulations of CMIP5 models shows that the SW cloud feedback likely forces a poleward expansion of the tropospheric circulation in most climate models.
Comparison of Distributional Statistics of Aquarius and Argo Sea Surface Salinity Measurements
Authors: Mannshardt Elizabeth , Sucic Katarina , Fuentes Montserrat , Bingham Frederick M.
Published: November 2015

Salinity is an indicator of the interaction between ocean circulation and the global water cycle, which in turn affects the regulation of the earth’s climate. To thoroughly understand sea surface salinity’s connection to processes that define the hydrological cycle, such as surface forcing and ocean mixing, there is need for proper validation of remotely sensed salinity products with independent measurements, beyond central tendencies, across the entire distribution of salinity. Because of its fine spatial and temporal coverage, Aquarius presents an ideal measurement system for fully characterizing the distribution and properties of sea surface salinity. Using the first 33 months of Aquarius, version 3.0, level 2 sea surface salinity data, both central tendencies and distributional quantile characteristics across time and space are investigated, and a statistical validation of Aquarius measurements with Argo in situ observations is conducted. Several aspects are considered, including regional characteristics and temporal agreement, as well as seasonal differences by ocean basin and hemisphere. Regional studies examine the time and space scales of variability through time series comparisons and an analysis of quantile properties. Results indicate that there are significant differences between the tails of their respective distributions, especially the lower tail. The Aquarius data show longer, fatter lower tails, indicating higher probability to sample low-salinity events. There is also evidence of differences in measurement variation between Aquarius and Argo. These results are seen across seasons, ocean basins, hemispheres, and regions.
The Influence of Land Surface Heterogeneities on Heavy Convective Rainfall in the Baltimore–Washington Metropolitan Area
Authors: Ryu Young-Hee , Smith James A. , Bou-Zeid Elie , Baeck Mary L.
Published: November 2015

Low-level convergence induced by land surface heterogeneities can have substantial influence on atmospheric convection and rainfall. Analyses of heavy convective rainfall in the Baltimore–Washington metropolitan area are performed using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model, coupled with the Princeton Urban Canopy Model (PUCM) that resolves urban subfacet heterogeneity. Analyses center on storms that produced heavy rainfall and record urban flooding in Baltimore on 1 June 2012. The control simulation using PUCM shows a better performance in reproducing the surface energy balance and rainfall than the simulation using a traditional slab model for the urban area. Sensitivity experiments are carried out to identify the role of the land surface heterogeneities, arising from land–water and urban–nonurban contrasts in the Baltimore–Washington metropolitan area, on heavy rainfall from organized thunderstorm systems. The intersection of low-level convergence zones from thunderstorm downdrafts and from the bay breeze from the Chesapeake Bay enhances the upward motion of preexisting convective storms. The larger sensible heating from the urban area modifies the low-level temperature and wind fields, which in turn modifies the bay breeze. The enhanced moisture supply in the deepened bay-breeze inflow layer due to urban heating promotes intense convection and heavy rainfall in conjunction with the enhanced upward motion at intersecting convergence zones. This study suggests that better representations of surface heat and moisture fluxes in urban areas along major water bodies are required to better capture the timing and location of severe thunderstorms and heavy rainfall.
Specificity and Emotional Characteristics of the Autobiographical Memories of Male and Female Criminal Offenders
Authors: Neves Daniela , Pinho Maria S.
Published: November 2015

Research on autobiographical memory (AM) has identified problems with remembering specific events in clinical populations, which appear to be related to impaired executive functioning. This study explored whether offenders presented an overgeneral AM (OAM), as problems in executive functioning have been reported in offenders. We compared specificity, spontaneity, and phenomenological characteristics of AMs in offenders (46 men, 46 women) and in a control group (45 men, 47 women). This study also analyzed how depressive symptoms, verbal fluency, and problem-solving skills interacted with AM characteristics. Offenders recalled less specific positive, but not negative, memories compared with controls. Specificity for positive events was related to verbal fluency, but only for male offenders. Positive specificity was related to emotional aspects only for female offenders. The results are discussed in light of the cognitive mechanisms underlying OAM and possible implications for the study of criminal behavior.
The geography of job creation in high growth firms: the implications of ‘growing abroad’
Authors: Brown Ross , Mawson Suzanne
Published: November 2015

In recent years, there has been an upsurge of interest by policy makers in high growth firms. Interest in these dynamic firms has primarily been driven by their prodigious ability to create new employment. Despite this, very little is known about the complex corporate geographies of these firms and their internationalisation processes. Using quantitative and qualitative data, this paper explores this issue by examining Scottish high growth firms. High growth firms were found to adopt more aggressive forms of international expansion, such as overseas acquisitions, than their non-high growth firm counterparts. As a result of these complex growth processes, a large proportion of high growth firm employment growth is generated outside Scotland. The paper concludes that the regional development impact of high growth firms for small peripheral economies in the UK is more limited than originally envisaged. The implications of the study for further research and public policy are examined.
Land supply and housing prices in Hong Kong: The political economy of urban land policy
Authors: Li Ling-Hin , Wong Siu Kei Kelvin , Cheung Ka Shing
Published: November 2015

Urban land and housing market is a political arena where the government is usually expected by the general public to intervene for the benefit of the society. With the government owning all land in Hong Kong, public land auctions have been an important channel for developers to acquire land for property development, apart from private-led urban regeneration. For a long time before 1997, the government of Hong Kong supplied land to the market via a supply-oriented model which was entirely dependent on the willingness of government to sell. The situation changed in 1997 when the administration found that they were being unresponsive, and switched to a demand-oriented supply model, the Application List System. In any case, there is a general expectation in the society that government urban land policy in supplying land should have a major bearing on the housing market, especially in making housing more affordable by the general working class. By applying a Granger causality framework, we find this expectation unrealistic as there is no evidence supporting the claim that changing land supply via government land sale programme would impact on housing prices. However, it is found that housing prices do Granger-cause land supply under the Application List System which implies that private sector is more responsive to market changes than the government, which is ironic as the government decided to abandon this model and revert back to the old supply-oriented model in 2013. We conclude that the political economy of the urban land market has made the land supply model too subjective and dependent on government agenda, which is not a health development towards a more optimal urban land policy.
Institutionalization or wither away? Twenty-five years of environmental policy integration under shifting governance models in Sweden
Authors: Persson Åsa , Eckerberg Katarina , Nilsson Måns
Published: November 2015

Snapshot views of environmental policy integration (EPI) practices fail to consider the stability of EPI over time – both as aspiration and performance. This paper reviews the evolution of EPI over more than two decades at the national level in the agriculture and energy sectors in Sweden – an EPI pioneer. We study how the extent of EPI stability can be explained partly by shifting political priorities by governments and partly by underlying governance models (actors and organizational landscape and policy instruments used). Comparing the two sectors, the institutionalization of EPI appears to be stronger in the energy sector. In the agricultural sector, the current reform of the Common Agricultural Policy seems to imply decreasing prominence of EPI – due to shrinking budgets for environmental targets along with greater policy goals complexity. Overall, observed shifts in governance have been mildly conducive to EPI by providing an infrastructure, but further enhancements require clear political priority awarded to the environment.
Evaluation of Human Semenogelin Membrane Strip Test for Species Cross-reactivity in Dogs
Authors: Stern A. W. , Lanka S.
Published: November 2015

Semenogelins are proteins originating in the seminal vesicle and are useful markers for the presumptive identification of human semen. Detection of semenogelin can be done with a commercially available membrane test. In this study, a commercially available membrane test for human semenogelin proteins was used to assess for cross-reactivity in dog bodily fluids to allow for the potential utilization for detection of human semen in dog bodily fluids. The authors analyzed canine semen and other bodily fluids, including urine, saliva, vaginal secretions, fecal material, and blood. They also examined the distribution of human semenogelin I transcripts in the canine testis, prostate, and several bodily fluids by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. No cross-reactivity was observed in the canine bodily fluids tested except for a single rectal swab, which was negative on a second test. Further testing should be done to validate the use of this kit for screening samples from dogs suspected to have been victims of sexual abuse.
Comparison of Knee Kinematics After Single-Bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction via the Medial Portal Technique With a Central Femoral Tunnel and an Eccentric Femoral Tunnel and After Anatomic Double-Bundle Reconstruction
Authors: Herbort Mirco , Domnick Christoph , Raschke Michael Johannes , Lenschow Simon , Förster Tim , Petersen Wolf , Zantop Thore
Published: November 2015

Background:

Anatomic femoral tunnel placement in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is considered to be a key to good primary stability of the knee. There is still no consensus on whether a centrally placed single bundle in the anatomical femoral footprint can compare with anatomic double-bundle (DB) reconstruction.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose of this study was to determine knee kinematics after single-bundle ACL reconstruction via the medial portal technique using 2 different femoral tunnel positions and to compare results with those of the anatomic DB technique. The hypotheses were that (1) single-bundle reconstruction using the medial portal technique with a centrally placed femoral tunnel relative to the native footprint (SB-central technique) would more closely restore intact knee kinematics compared with the same reconstruction technique with an eccentric femoral tunnel drilled in the anteromedial bundle footprint (SB-AM technique) and (2) DB reconstruction would result in superior kinematics compared with the SB-central technique.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Knee kinematics was examined in 10 fresh-frozen human cadaveric knees using a robotic/universal force-moment sensor system. Kinematics in simulated pivot-shift and 134-N anterior tibial loading tests were determined in different conditions within the same specimen: (1) intact ACL, (2) deficient ACL, (3) SB-AM, (4) SB-central, and (5) DB.

Results:

All reconstruction techniques significantly reduced anterior tibial translation (ATT) compared with a deficient ACL at 0°, 15°, 30°, 60°, and 90° in the anterior tibial loading test ( P < .01, repeated-measures analysis of variance) and at 0°, 15°, and 30° in the simulated pivot-shift test ( P < .001). There were no significant differences in the SB-central group and the DB group compared with the intact ACL. Reconstruction in the SB-AM group resulted in significantly increased ATT compared with the intact ACL in near-to-extension angles in both tests (0°, 15°, and 30°; P < .01). SB-central and DB reconstructions both resulted in significantly reduced ATT, in some tests at ≤30°, compared with SB-AM reconstruction ( P < .05). No significant differences between the SB-central and DB groups were found ( P > .05).

Conclusion:

The SB-central technique restored intact knee kinematics more closely than did SB-AM reconstruction at time zero. There were no differences in knee kinematics between the DB and SB-central techniques.

Clinical Relevance:

Anatomic single-bundle ACL reconstruction provides similar knee kinematics as anatomic double-bundle reconstruction.
Planning for Safe Schools
Authors: Yu Chia-Yuan , Zhu Xuemei
Published: November 2015

This study explores the impacts of school siting and surrounding built environments on rates of motorist and pedestrian crashes around public schools in the Austin Independent School District, Texas, by using log-linear regressions. The results show that a higher sidewalk coverage and a higher percentage of local roads reduce pedestrian crashes around schools, while higher percentages of highways and commercial uses and higher transit stop densities increase motorist and pedestrian crashes. It is desirable to locate schools in areas with higher percentages of local roads and lower percentages of highways and commercial uses.
Sex Slavery and Sex Trafficking of Women in the United States
Authors: Bromfield Nicole F.
Published: November 2015

The sex trafficking of women has received attention by the U.S. social work profession as a contemporary human-rights abuse. However, trafficking is not an emergent issue but is historically situated within the profession. Sex trafficking is inextricably linked with the origins of professional social work, with Jane Addams playing a critical role in the Progressive Era fight against sexual slavery. This has impacted the contemporary understanding of sex trafficking by social workers and has had practice implications. This article examines historical and contemporary parallels, policies, and perspectives on the sex trafficking of women in the United States.
Opportunity Cost Neglect Attenuates the Effect of Choices on Preferences
Authors: Greenberg Adam Eric , Spiller Stephen A.
Published: November 2015

The idea that choices alter preferences has been widely studied in psychology, yet prior research has focused primarily on choices for which all alternatives were salient at the time of choice. Opportunity costs capture the value of the best forgone alternative and should be considered as part of any decision process, yet people often neglect them. How does the salience of opportunity costs at the time of choice influence subsequent evaluations of chosen and forgone options? In three experiments, we found that there was a larger postchoice spread between evaluations of focal options and opportunity costs when opportunity costs were explicit at the time of choice than when they remained implicit.
Active piezoelectric-structure acoustic control of a soft-core sandwich panel using volume velocity and a weighted sum of spatial gradient control metric
Authors: Sahu Kiran Chandra , Tuhkuri Jukka , Reddy JN
Published: November 2015

In this paper, the active control of sound transmission through a simply supported soft-core sandwich panel is analytically studied. Since, the sound transmission through soft-core sandwich panels in the low-frequency region mainly occurs due to flexural and dilatational modes, and therefore to control these structural modes, volume velocity and weighted sum of spatial gradients (WSSG) are used to drive a piezoceramic actuator (PZT) attached on the exterior side of the bottom face plate. Sound power level and voltage required to drive the PZT are compared for different values of isotropic core loss factor. Numerical studies indicate that both control metrics are capable of attenuating the flexural and the dilatational modes of the sandwich panel, and hence, reduce significant amount of sound power in a wider frequency range. By carefully selecting the modes to calculate the scaling factors, WSSG provides comparable control to volume velocity. However, the necessary voltage required to drive the PZT to minimize the WSSG is less as compared to minimize the volume velocity.
Effect of deslorelin on testicular function, serum dihydrotestosterone and oestradiol concentrations during and after suppression of sexual activity in tom cats
Authors: Gültiken Nilgün , Aslan Selim , Ay Serhan Serhat , Gülbahar Mustafa Yavuz , Thuróczy Julianna , Koldaş Ece , Kaya Duygu , Fındık Murat , Schäfer-Somi Sabine
Published: November 2015

Objectives

The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of a 4.7 mg deslorelin implant in tom cats.

Methods

Nine mature male cats were included in the deslorelin group and five cats in the control group. Before the study started, all cats were confirmed to have distinct sexually dimorphic behaviour. Blood samples were taken on the implantation day, at day 7 and at day 15, then monthly, in order to measure serum dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and 17beta(β)-oestradiol concentrations. The deslorelin group (n = 9) was divided into two subgroups: five cats (cats 1–5) were neutered in the postimplantation period during suppression of sexually dimorphic behaviour, and four cats (cats 6–9) were neutered after re-expression of sexually dimorphic behaviour. The control group cats (n = 5) were castrated without administration of the implant.

Results

Sexually dimorphic behaviours ceased within a mean ± SD of 13–58 days (23.30 ± 14.17) after implantation. DHT concentration decreased within 30 days. The mean duration of suppression was 26.5 ± 7.42 months and reactivation coincided with increased DHT values reaching preimplantation concentrations within 1 month. 17β-oestradiol concentrations significantly correlated with DHT concentrations ( P <0.01). For cats castrated during suppression of sexual behaviour, the length of the long axes of the nuclei of Leydig cells, the diameter of seminiferous tubules and the height of the epithelium of the seminiferous tubules did not change until 3–6 months after implantation, whereas at 12 and 32 months the measured values were even lower than in the control group. For cats castrasted after reactivation, the length of long axes of the nuclei of Leydig cells and the diameter of seminiferous tubules approached the values of the control group between 4 and 6 months after reactivation.

Conclusions and relevance

A deslorelin implant (4.7 mg) suppresses sexually dimorphic behaviour in tom cats without any side effects and with full reversibility; however, duration of suppression is highly individual.
Health sociology from post-structuralism to the new materialisms
Authors: Fox Nick J
Published: November 2015

The article reviews the impact of post-structuralism and postmodern social theory upon health sociology during the past 20 years. It then addresses the emergence of new materialist perspectives, which to an extent build upon insights of post-structuralist concerning power, but mark a turn away from a textual or linguistic focus to address the range of materialities that affect health, illness and health care. I conclude by assessing the impact of these movements for health sociology.
Marketization on export: Representations of the Swedish free school model in English media
Authors: Rönnberg Linda
Published: November 2015

This paper explores how ‘social democratic’ Sweden initiated and implemented choice reforms that attracted the interest of ‘liberal’ England. By studying how English media framed and portrayed the Swedish free school ‘export’ from 2008 to 2014, this paper aims to describe and discuss how a market-oriented policy idea, the Swedish system of free schools, is represented as it travels across national contexts. Initially, the Swedish free school model was portrayed as an inspiration for both the English political left and, in particular, the right. However, the national stereotypical representation of Sweden as a legitimate ‘reference society’ was significantly toned down after the 2010 election—often accompanied by references to Sweden’s poor performances in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). The study shows how Swedish policy ‘retailers’, such as school chain representatives, use the media for further display and reach. In summary, such educational policy retailing, along with media–policy interaction that (re)interprets national stereotypes linked to political legitimation, are important sources for understanding and further exploring international flows and interpretations of market-oriented reform ideas.
Policies of ‘modernisation’ in European education: Enactments and consequences
Authors: Rasmussen Palle , Larson Anne , Rönnberg Linda , Tsatsaroni Anna
Published: November 2015

The five articles in this special issue offer empirically and theoretically informed accounts from education policy research carried out in different national contexts in Europe. This special issue sheds light on how modernising approaches to educational governance and reform, grouped under the umbrella of new public management, are strongly present in European education policy, both at transnational levels and in individual countries, and points to important implications for these developments.
Using a Theory of Practice to Clarify Epistemological Challenges in Mixed Methods Research: An Example of Theorizing, Modeling, and Mapping Changing West African Seed Systems
Authors: Jones Kristal
Published: November 2015

This article argues that Bourdieu’s theory of practice offers a unified epistemological foundation for mixed methods research by emphasizing the reflexive and iterative nature of knowing, and the relational aspects of knowledge construction. The increasing presence of spatial data and tools in research fields that focus on sociospatial phenomena suggests that visual representation can facilitate the resituating of objective patterns within a subjective context of geographic and symbolic space. The article presents the foundations of the theory of practice as a unifying framework for mixed methods research that incorporates spatiality. The article then offers an example of empirical research that characterizes changing seed systems in West Africa using the theory of practice to guide mixed methods research and analysis.
Sample size under the additive hazards model
Authors: McDaniel Lee S , Yu Menggang , Chappell Rick
Published: November 2015

Background:

The additive hazards model can be easier to interpret and in some cases fits better than the proportional hazards model. However, sample size formulas for clinical trials with time to event outcomes are currently based on either the proportional hazards assumption or an assumption of constant hazards.

Aims:

The goal is to provide sample size formulas for superiority and non-inferiority trials assuming an additive hazards model but no specific distribution, along with evaluations of the performance of the formulas.

Methods:

Formulas are presented that determine the required sample size for a given scenario under the additive hazards model. Simulations are conducted to ensure that the formulas attain the desired power. For illustration, the non-inferiority sample size formula is applied to the calculations in the SPORTIF III trial of stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation.

Conclusion:

Simulation results show that the sample size calculations lead to the correct power. Sample size is easily calculated using a tool that is available on the web at http://leemcdaniel.github.io/samplesize.html .
Heat transfer and airflow study of turbulent mixed convection in a ventilated cavity
Authors: Hinojosa JF , Rodríguez NA , Xamán J
Published: November 2015

The experimental and numerical results of the heat transfer and airflow by turbulent mixed convection in a ventilated cavity are presented. The experimental setup was built to use air as the heat transfer fluid. One vertical wall receives a uniform and constant heat flux, whereas the opposite wall is maintained at constant temperature. The remaining walls are thermally insulated. The experimental temperature profiles were obtained for different heat fluxes and air inlet velocities. Five different turbulence models were used to obtain the numerical results. The comparison between experimental and numerical temperatures indicates that the standard k–ε turbulence model presents a better agreement, with maximum percentage differences between 2.0% and 3.0%. The heat transfer coefficient had values between 2.2 and 3.4 W/m2 K, and it increases with the Rayleigh number and the Reynolds number. The experimental and numerical convective heat transfer coefficient predictions are closer for the higher Reynolds number (inlet air velocity of 0.5 m/s). The effects of varying the Rayleigh and Reynolds number on flow patterns and temperature fields were analyzed numerically.
Predicting risk of adverse drug reactions in older adults
Authors: Lavan Amanda Hanora , Gallagher Paul
Published: November 2015

Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are common in older adults, with falls, orthostatic hypotension, delirium, renal failure, gastrointestinal and intracranial bleeding being amongst the most common clinical manifestations. ADR risk increases with age-related changes in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, increasing burden of comorbidity, polypharmacy, inappropriate prescribing and suboptimal monitoring of drugs. ADRs are a preventable cause of harm to patients and an unnecessary waste of healthcare resources. Several ADR risk tools exist but none has sufficient predictive value for clinical practice. Good clinical practice for detecting and predicting ADRs in vulnerable patients includes detailed documentation and regular review of prescribed and over-the-counter medications through standardized medication reconciliation. New medications should be prescribed cautiously with clear therapeutic goals and recognition of the impact a drug can have on multiple organ systems. Prescribers should regularly review medication efficacy and be vigilant for ADRs and their contributory risk factors. Deprescribing should occur at an individual level when drugs are no longer efficacious or beneficial or when safer alternatives exist. Inappropriate prescribing and unnecessary polypharmacy should be minimized. Comprehensive geriatric assessment and the use of explicit prescribing criteria can be useful in this regard.