bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fibrinolytic Properties of Proteases Derived from Human, Dog and Rabbit Leukocytes
Authors: Gans Henry
Published: June 2018

Intact and disintegrated human, dog and rabbit leukocytes were studied for their ability to lyse fibrin. It was noted that broken-up rabbit leukocytes fail to lyse bovine or rabbit fibrin. Human and dog leukocytes, on the other hand, readily lyse bovine fibrin.

Prior incubation at pH 1 and pH 8 resulted in maximally active human cell preparations. Similar results were obtained with dog cells upon prior incubation at pH 4 and pH 8. Loss of activity was noted upon prior incubation for 15 minutes at 56° C. Adsorption of human leukocytes with celite and charcoal resulted in a 2 and 21/2 fold increase in activity.

The noted lysis was found to result from proteolytic activity as well as from plasminogen activator activity. The results to these studies suggest that autolysis of relatively few leukocytes will produce a rapid breakdown of considerable amounts of fibrin.
Observations on a Relationship between Steroid Metabolism and the Concentration of Plasma Fibrinogen
Authors: Amundson B. A , Pilgeram L. O
Published: June 2018

Enovid (5 mg norethynodrel and 0.075 mg ethynylestradiol-3-methyl ether) therapy in young normal human subjects causes an increase in plasma fibrinogen of 32.4% (P >C 0.001). Consideration of this effect together with other effects of Enovid on the activity of specific blood coagulatory factors suggests that the steroids are exerting their effect at a specific site of the blood coagulation and/or fibrinolytic system. The broad spectrum of changes which are induced by the steroids may be attributed to a combination of a chain reaction and feed-back control.
Haemophilia in the Dog Treatment with Heterologous Anti-Haemophilic Globulin
Authors: Sharp A. A , Dike G. W. R
Published: June 2018

The management of haemophilia in the dog is described in the light of the planned breeding of 10 litters of dogs from known carrier bitches.

The type and incidence of spontaneous haemorrhages, and the methods and effect of treatment with Antihaemophilic globulin concentrates prepared from bovine and pig blood are discussed.

This study has demonstrated that second and subsequent courses of these animal concentrates of AHG can produce effective levels in the blood and are not accompanied by a high incidence of reactions.
Mechanism of Human Plasminogen Activation by Streptokinase and Human Plasmin
Authors: Blatt W. F , Gray JL , Jensen H
Published: June 2018

A sensitive tool has been described for measuring fibrinolysis in reconstituted systems using thrombelastography. Activator mixtures with no appreciable proteolytic activity can similarly be tested in this system when the fibrinogen utilized has sufficient plasminogen present. Exposure of human plasminstreptokinase mixtures formed at pH 7.0 to acid conditions produced a striking loss of activator activity which could not be ascribed to low pH lability of the components, nor to plasmin action on the SK at pH 2.0. This is additional evidence for the hypothesis that human plasmin interacts with SK to form a complex capable of converting human and bovine plasminogen to plasmin.
Fibrinolytic Activity of Thrombin Preparations
Authors: Brakman Pieter , Klug Panpit , Astrup Tage
Published: June 2018

Some thrombin samples have a slight unspecific protease activity probably caused by contaminating plasmin. All investigated samples were fibrinolytically active. This activity was caused by an activator of plasminogen. Fibrinolytic activity was apparently produced by two components of the thrombin preparations. One of these components was a contaminant with fibrinolytic activity but with no thrombin activity. This component could be separated from the thrombin by simple chemical procedures. The other fibrinolytic component appeared to be the thrombin molecule per se. It was not fibrinolytically active when used in the low concentrations required for clotting of fibrinogen, but in high concentrations, assayed on the fibrin plate, it activated plasminogen. In the accurate assay of fibrinolytic agents it is necessary to use preparations of thrombin from which the contaminating fibrinolytic agent has been removed.
Rapid Screening Methods for Bleeding Disorders. A Three Year Survey
Authors: Lovric V. A , Margolis J
Published: June 2018

An adaptation of “kaolin clotting time” and prothrombin time for use on haemolysed capillary blood provided simple and sensitive screening tests suitable for use in infants and children. A survey of three year’s experience shows that these are reliable routine laboratory tests for detection of latent coagulation disorders.
Gastrointestinale Blutungen in der Intensivmedizin trotz kompensierter Hämostase am Beispiel der Ösophagusvarizenblutung
Authors: Oehler G. , Heckers H.
Published: June 2018

Es wird der aktuelle Stand der Behandlung der Ösophagusvarizenblutung im Rahmen eines Literaturüberblickes dargestellt. Zusätzlich wird über eigene Erfahrungen mit der Sklerosierungstherapie von Ösophagusvarizen berichtet. Um andernfalls häufig auftretende Varizenrezidive zu verhindern, sollte bei der Verödungstherapie grundsätzlich eine dosierte Ulzeration der unterspritzten Schleimhaut angestrebt werden. Dabei erweist sich die Markierung des von uns benutzten Aethoxysklerol® 1% mit Evansblau als äußerst wertvoll.
Grundlagen der fibrinolytischen Therapie
Authors: Róka L.
Published: June 2018

Aufklärung von Struktur und Funktion der an der Fibrinolyse beteiligten Komponenten läßt erkennen, daß der Körper in der Lage ist, Fibrinolyse und Fibrinogenolyse unabhangig voneinander einzusetzen. Da das therapeutische Ziel entweder die Verbesserung der Fibrinolyse oder die Unterdriickung einer Fibrinogenolyse ist, reicht es nicht aus, nach Möglichkeiten zu suchen, urn die Plasminaktivierungskaskade an- oder abzuschalten. Vielmehr gilt es die Steuermoglichkeiten auszunutzen, urn eine erforderliche Fibrinolyse bei gleichzeitig verhinderter Fibrinogenolyse therapeutisch auszulösen.
Physiologische Aspekte der Hämorheologie
Authors: Hauck G.
Published: June 2018

Gegenstand der Hämorheologie ist die Blutfluidität und ihre Strömungsmuster besonders im Bereich der Blutendstrombahn (Mikrohämorheolo-gie). Ein anderer Aspekt wird von der Hämostaseologie hinsichtlich Fluidität abgeleitet und betrifft das dynamische Gleichgewicht zwischen fibrinoplasti-schem und fibrinolytischem Potential des strömenden Blutes. Die meisten bisherigen Resultate wurden aus Invitto-Versuchen erzielt, wobei wichtige Fakten wie Kapillarbettarchitektur, Gefäßwandeigenschaften und parava-saler Raum weitgehend unberücksichtigt bleiben. Komplexe Bedingungen scheinen im venulären Bereich zu existieren, wo u.a. infolge der hohen Wandpermeabilität und Existenz pa-ravasaler prälymphatischer Einschei-dungen Rheologie des intra- und extravasalen Raumes konfluieren können. Die Erythrozyten-Suspensions-stabilität ist in diesem Bereich beeinträchtigt und gibt Anlaß zur Bildung von prästatischen und statischen Strömungsveränderungen. Den zentralen Parameter der Hämorheologie bildet die Viskosität als Proportionalitätsfaktor der Schubspannung. Sie definiert das Gesamtblut als eine Nicht-New-tonsche Flüssigkeit. Im parakapillären Gefäßgebiet, charakterisiert durch die Axialorientierung der Erythrozyten sowie durch den Fahraeus- und Fah-raeus-Lindqvist-Effekt, kann das Blut aufgrund der Tropfeneigenschaft von Erythrozyten auch als Emulsion definiert werden. Klinisch bedeutsame Verminderungen der Blutviskosität können durch normovolämische Hä-modilution oder Reptilase-Defibrinie-rung erzielt werden. Zu diskutieren bleibt, inwieweit eine solche Verminderung der Viskosität mit erfaßbarer besserer peripherer Durchblutung auch stets eine bessere Gewebeernährung garantiert.
Ultrastruktur der Fibrinplättchenkontakte im Gerinnsel Ein Beitrag zum Retraktionsvorgang
Authors: Korell U. , Richter J. , Morgenstern E.
Published: June 2018

Die Ultrastruktur der Plättchenfibrinkontakte (PFC) und der Faserverlauf wurden an Serienschnitten retrahierter Gerinnsel mit Hilfe der Ob-jektkippung untersucht. Wir fanden sowohl nach Retraktion im Reagenzglas als auch unter isometrischen Bedingungen im Resonanzthrombogra-phen nach Hartert einen einheitlichen Typ der PFC. Die Seit-zu-Seit-Kontakte zwischen Plättchenoberfläche und Fibrinfasern zeigten einen 15 nm weiten Spalt, der von filamentären Strukturen im Abstand von 10-30 nm überbrückt wurde. In jedem Fall änderte sich beim Kontakt an der Plättchenoberfläche die Verlaufsrichtung der Fibrinfasern (Knick). Solche Knicke wiederholten sich bei längerem Verlauf der anhaftenden Fasern an der Oberfläche. Diese Knicke können durch ungerichtete Bewegungen der Plättchen oder ihrer Pseudopodien erklärt werden. Gestreckt in den Pseudopodien und oft auch gekrümmt im Plättchenleib verlaufende Mikro-filamente (Aktomyosin) unterstützen diese Annahme. Der geschilderte Mechanismus - Kontakt der thrombinaktivierten Plättchen mit Fibrinfasern und gleichzeitige ungerichtete Bewegungen der Plättchen, die weitere Abschnitte der haftenden Faser an ihre Oberfläche binden - würde eine ausreichendere Erklärung für die Dimension der Retraktion des Gerinnsels auf 1/10 seines Volumens geben.
Lungenembolie. Klinik, Diagnose, Differentialdiagnose
Authors: Heinrich F.
Published: June 2018

Das klinische Erscheinungsbild einer Lungenembolie hängt ab vom Ausmaß der Verlegung der Lungenstrombahn und in weitem Maße auch von den zugrundeliegenden bzw. begleitenden Erkrankungen, deren klinische Symptomatik oft jene der sekundär hinzugetretenen Lungenembolien überlagert.

In der Diagnose der Lungenembolie kommt neben der sorgfältig erhobenen Anamnese den klinischen, Labor-, EKG- und Röntgenbefunden eine untergeordnete, für die Differentialdiagnose jedoch eine hohe Bedeutung zu. Die Befunde der Ultraschallechokardiographie und der Lungenszintigraphie sind im Zusammenhang mit den übrigen Daten zu werten. Zum sicheren Beweis und zur Quantifizierung ist die Pulmonalisangiogra-phie oft unerläßlich.

Aus der unsicheren, bei schwerer Verlegung der Lungenstrombahn zumeist schlechten Spontanprognose folgt zwingend die Forderung nach rascher diagnostischer Sicherung und unverzüglicher effektiver Therapie und konsequenter Sekundärprophylaxe.
Craniomaxillofacial Trauma Experience in Otolaryngology Residency: A National Survey of Program Directors
Authors: Oh Melissa S. , Sethna Anita B. , Henriquez Oswaldo A.
Published: June 2018

This article aimed to assess the depth and volume of craniomaxillofacial (CMF) trauma exposure and education in otolaryngology residency training in the United States. This is a cross-sectional survey. A 15-question web-based survey was distributed to program directors of 106 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)-approved otolaryngology residency programs to inquire about program size and demographics, trauma coverage, case volume, and education. Responses were collected anonymously. A total of 77 responses were received, representing 73% of residency programs. Seventy-five programs (97%) reported that their residents rotated at a level 1 trauma center, and 72 (94%) covered CMF trauma. Sixty-one programs (79%) included pediatric CMF trauma. The majority of programs (76%) allocated less than 10% of residency-dedicated didactic lecture time to CMF trauma. Residents in all programs typically logged at least 11 to 20 cases before graduation with 24% of programs averaging more than 50 cases per resident. Ninety percent of respondents described the training as “somewhat” to “very adequate.” CMF coverage by the otolaryngology department, number of cases, and dedicated didactic lecture time to CMF trauma were significant factors on the perception of adequate training. The majority of program directors felt that the training in CMF trauma was adequate. Reasons for this may include that most residents rotate at level 1 trauma centers, have exposure to pediatric trauma, encounter an adequate volume of cases, and have dedicated didactic time to CMF education.
External Memory Aid Preferences of Individuals with Mild Memory Impairments
Authors: Wallace Sarah , Bourgeois Michelle , Lanzi Alyssa
Published: June 2018

Individuals with mild memory impairments often rely on external memory aids (EMAs) to compensate for impaired cognitive abilities and to support independent completion of activities of daily living. These strategies are evidence based; however, professionals have limited knowledge regarding individual preferences and guidance on how to incorporate a person-centered approach into the EMA development phase. The purpose of the current study was to qualitatively investigate individuals' preferences and experiences as they relate to EMAs. Data analysis included (1) evaluation of a posttreatment questionnaire to explore individual strategy preferences following intervention and (2) evaluation of group intervention videos using thematic coding to investigate individuals' experiences with strategies during intervention. Results suggest that older adults with mild memory impairments have unique preferences and experiences, despite limited variability in demographic characteristics. Some themes that emerged included memory ability awareness and attitudes toward technology. Within a person-centered approach, skilled professionals must consider individuals' unique needs, preferences, and experiences when developing strategies throughout the continuum of care to promote sustained EMA use within everyday settings.
The Impact of Aphasia Camp Participation on Quality of Life: A Primary Progressive Aphasia Perspective
Authors: Figeys Mathieu , Hubbard H. , Wilson Carlee , Kim Esther
Published: June 2018

Individuals with primary progressive aphasia (PPA) and their caregivers are at risk for decreased quality of life (QoL) due to their progressive condition. Aphasia camps are an intervention that can improve QoL, yet individuals with PPA are underrepresented at aphasia camps relative to those with poststroke aphasia. The purpose of this exploratory case study was to examine the effect of participation in aphasia camp on the QoL of a couple impacted by PPA. The Living with Aphasia: Framework for Outcome Measurement (A-FROM) was used to guide a semistructured interview with an individual with PPA and her spouse, both of whom had attended the Alberta Aphasia Camp for 4 years. Conventional content analysis with an inductive approach was used to analyze results. Concepts that emerged from the interview were organized into pre-camp, during, and post-camp categories. Aspects of camp that had an effect on post-camp QoL for this couple with PPA included expanding social connections and introduction to new activities. Personal characteristics exhibited by the couple had an impact on their experience of aphasia camp and how they incorporated their experiences into their everyday lives post-camp. Aphasia camps are a participation-based service approach that can benefit people with aphasia regardless of etiology. A consideration of personal factors of potential campers with PPA, and the provision of PPA-specific resources, is recommended for programs such as aphasia camps that incorporate participants with mixed etiologies.
Can Elastosonography Be Useful in Improving Diagnosis and Prognosis of Acute Muscle Injuries?
Authors: Cianforlini Marco , Ulisse Serena , Coppa Valentino , Grassi Marco , Rotini Marco , Gigante Antonio
Published: June 2018

Purpose The objective of this study was to investigate the ability of elastosonography (USE) in the identification of different grades of muscular injuries, comparing its effectiveness with traditional ultrasound (US) survey and by relating the results to the clinical classification of muscular pain.

Methods In the period between August 2014 and May 2016, we conducted a prospective cohort study on a population of 34 young male professional athletes belonging to the same under-17 football club (Ancona 1905). Injuries were recorded according to location, type, mechanism, recurrence, and whether they occurred with or without contact. Muscle pain was classified, after a physical examination, according to the classification of Mueller-Wohlfahrt et al. All athletes were evaluated by musculoskeletal US and USE in hours following the trauma/onset of pain.

Results Seventy injuries were documented among 19 players. Muscle/tendon injuries were the most common type of injury (49%). USE showed areas of edema in nine lesions that were negative at the US examination and previously classified as fatigue-induced muscle disorders. These nine players took more time to return to physical activity compared with others with injuries classified into the same group, but negative at USE evaluation.

Conclusion USE is a valuable aid in the diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of muscle injury, as it detects pathologic changes that are not visible with the B-mode US.

Level of Evidence This is a Level III, observational cohort study.
Tibial Tubercle Osteotomy in Total Knee Arthroplasty: Midterm Results Experience of a Monocentric Study
Authors: Biggi Stefano , Divano Stefano , Tedino Riccardo , Capuzzo Andrea , Tornago Stefano , Camera Andrea
Published: June 2018

Purpose Difficult primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and revision TKA may be high demanding, especially during joint exposure. Aim of this article is to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes of a series of patients, who underwent TKA and revision TKA, where tibial tubercle osteotomy (TTO) was performed.

Methods We retrospectively reviewed a cohort of 79 consecutives TKAs where TTO was performed. Patients were assessed clinically and radiographically at their last follow-up (mean, 7.4 ± 3.7 years). Clinical evaluation included the Knee Society Score (KSS), the pain visual analogue scale (VAS), and range of motion. Radiological assessment included the evaluation of radiolucent lines, osteolysis, cortical bone hypertrophy, time of bone healing of the TTO fragment, and the hardware complication.

Results KSS raised from 40.7 ± 3.1 to 75 ± 4.3 (p < 0.0001). Knee flexion increased from 78.7 ± 9.9° to 95.0 ± 9.5° (p < 0.0001), and VAS improved from 7.9 ± 0.9 to 3.8 ± 1 (p < 0.0001). No signs of loosening or evolutive radiolucency lines were found. Osteolytic areas around the stem were detected. No significant association was found between the implant design and the outcomes, while aseptic loosening showed significantly better results. Complications were: 4 painful hardware, 3 late periprosthetic infections, 1 extension lag of 5°, and 3 flexion lag.

Conclusion Our experience suggests the use of TTO to improve the surgical approach in difficult primary TKA or revision TKA. A precise surgical technique leads to good results with low risk of complications.

Level of Evidence Level IV, therapeutic case series.
Entwicklung und Einsatz aus Sicht des Pharmazeuten
Authors: Dingermann Theodor
Published: June 2018

Seit Anfang Mai steht der Krebsmedizin neben biosimilaren Rituximab-Antikörpern auch ein Trastuzumab-Biosimilar als zweites biosimilares Onkologikum zur Verfügung. In einem Interview mit der Onkologischen Welt plädierte der Pharmazeut Prof. Theodor Dingermann, Frankfurt, für mehr Aufklärung bei Ärztinnen und Ärzten zum Thema Biosimilars und umriss die erheblichen Chancen der Wirkstoffgruppe in der Onkologie. Aus seiner Sicht gibt es keine prinzipiellen Einschränkungen bei der Verwendung von Biosimilars. Die Präparate sollten genutzt werden, um die Versorgung der Krebspatienten mit innovativen Wirkstoffen kosteneffektiver zu sichern und auszubauen.
Neue Strukturen bei der onkologischen Rehabilitation notwendig?
Authors: Kaden Marion
Published: June 2018

Während des diesjährigen Deutschen Krebskongresses fand die Podiumsdiskussion „Onkologische Rehabilitation für Langzeitüberlebende – politische Entwicklungen” statt. Geladen waren verschiedenste Vertreterinnen und Vertreter von onkologischen sowie Reha-Kliniken und Verbänden, die sich zum Thema positionieren. Nicht eingeladen waren ambulant tätige Onkologen, was den Veranstaltern Kritik aus dem Auditorium einbrachte.
Trends in der ambulanten Versorgung
Authors: Rosenberger C.
Published: June 2018

Die ambulante psychoonkologische Versorgung von Krebs-Patienten hat sich in den vergangenen zwei Jahrzehnten zu einem fest integrierten Bestandteil der psychosozialen Betreuung von Tumor-Patienten entwickelt. Ambulante Versorgungsmöglichkeiten umfassen psychosoziale Krebsberatungsstellen, Instituts- und Hochschulambulanzen sowie psychotherapeutische Versorgung. Das Angebotsspektrum beinhaltet bedarfsgerechte, supportive und interdisziplinär ausgerichtete Beratung bis hin zur Psychotherapie. Wesentliche Ziele sind die Stabilisierung der Patienten, Verminderung sozialer Belastungen sowie die Verbesserung respektive der Erhalt von Lebensqualität. Inhaltliche Schwerpunktentwicklungen lassen sich beispielsweise für die Bereiche junge Erwachsene, schwerstkranke und sterbende Patienten, die Versorgung von Angehörigen oder E-Health definieren.

Darüber hinaus zeigen sich strukturelle Verbesserungen der ambulanten Versorgung. Die Entwicklung konformer Qualitätsstandards soll helfen, das Schnittstellenmanagement zu optimieren, um eine komplikationslose Orientierung zwischen den Versorgungsbereichen zu gewährleisten. Insgesamt betonen transsektorale Ansätze die Verbesserung der psychosozialen Versorgung onkologischer Patienten, um ein flächendeckendes Netz qualifizierter, interdisziplinärer Einrichtungen und Angebote zu schaffen.

Nachdruck aus und zu zitieren als: Nervenheilkunde 2017; 36: 03 963-968
NSCLC: LIPI-Index sagt Effektivität von Checkpoint-Inhibitoren voraus
Authors: Krome Susanne
Published: June 2018

PD-1- und PD-L1-Inhibitoren stellen eine wertvolle Ergänzung bei der Behandlung fortgeschrittener nicht kleinzelliger Bronchialkarzinome (NSCLC) dar. Auch bei einem hohen Expressionsgrad sprechen aber nicht alle Patienten auf die Immuntherapie an. Die retrospektive Studie belegt den prädiktiven Wert von Inflammationsmarkern, die mit der Effektivität einer Checkpoint-Blockade assoziiert waren, den Nutzen einer Chemotherapie aber nicht vorhersagten.
Modernes Management des Pancoast-Tumors
Authors: Marra Alessandro
Published: June 2018

Der Pancoast-Tumor (Sulcus-superior-Tumor) ist eine Sonderform des Lungenkarzinoms mit Infiltration der oberen Thoraxapertur, die durch Schulterschmerz und eventuell Horner-Syndrom klinisch auffällig wird. Die häufig verspätete Diagnose und die komplexe Anatomie der Region stellen eine Herausforderung für die Therapeuten dar. Dieser Beitrag schildert, wie moderne Diagnostik und multimodale Behandlung die Prognose der Erkrankung positiv beeinflussen können.
A physics-based model of flat-band capacitance for metal oxide thin-film transistors
Authors: Chen Wei-Feng , Qin Guo-Ming , Zhou Lei , Wu Wei-Jing , Zou Jian-Hua , Xu Miao , Wang Lei , Peng Jun-Biao
Published: June 2018

This paper proposes a physics-based model of flat-band capacitance Cfb for metal oxide thin-film transistors, in which the influences of free carriers and electrons trapped in deep/tail states are taken into account. Hereinto, a parameter Ls is introduced to characterize the screening length in the metal oxide semiconductor, which is similar to the extrinsic Debye length (Ld) for conventional MOS structure. Based on the proposed model, the flat-band voltage Vfb can be consequently determined as the gate voltage corresponding to Cgs equal to Cfb. It is shown that the value of Vfb determined by the proposed model is consistent with that extracted from experimental data of I-V and C-V or the simulated results of 2D device simulator ATLAS. Moreover, we investigate the effect of the parameters of density of states on the flat band capacitance and Cgs-Vgs characteristics of metal oxide TFTs by ATLAS in details. It is found that both tail states and deep states should be simultaneously taken into account for determining the flat band capacitance and flat band voltage of metal oxide TFTs. The proposed model for the flat band capacitance of metal oxide TFTs is expected to be useful for device characterization since it is analytical and physically meaningful.
Research Update: Bismuth based materials for photovoltaics
Authors: Cates Nichole , Bernechea María
Published: June 2018

In this Research Update, we briefly summarize some of the bismuth materials that have been investigated for their use in photovoltaic solar cells. We focus on bismuth-based perovskites and bismuth halides, as alternatives to lead-halide perovskites, and bismuth-based sulfides (Bi2S3, CuxBiySz, and AgBiS2), as alternatives to lead sulfide quantum dots. These materials fulfill the requirements of being composed of abundant and non-toxic elements. Moreover, they exhibit adequate properties for photovoltaics like high absorption coefficients and suitable bandgaps, plus additional attractive characteristics in terms of robustness and stability. However, they have not been extensively studied and therefore their efficiencies are still far from those reported for their toxic counterparts. Here we collect some of the most promising results, point at possible limiting factors, and suggest some routes to improve performance.
Reference Values and Reference Correlations for the Thermal Conductivity and Viscosity of Fluids
Authors: Assael M. J. , Kalyva A. E. , Monogenidou S. A. , Huber M. L. , Perkins R. A. , Friend D. G. , May E. F.
Published: June 2018

In this paper, reference values and reference correlations for the thermal conductivity and viscosity of pure fluids are reviewed. Reference values and correlations for the thermal conductivity and the viscosity of pure fluids provide thoroughly evaluated data or functional forms and serve to help calibrate instruments, validate or extend models, and underpin some commercial transactions or designs, among other purposes. The criteria employed for the selection of thermal conductivity and viscosity reference values are also discussed; such values, which have the lowest uncertainties currently achievable, are typically adopted and promulgated by international bodies. Similar criteria are employed in the selection of reference correlations, which cover a wide range of conditions, and are often characterized by low uncertainties in their ranges of definition.
A new ferrimagnetic-type magnetic metamaterial improves energy efficiency
Authors: Johnson-Groh Mara
Published: June 2018

New metamaterial research finds a method for stabilizing a reprogrammable ferrimagnetic-type state, which could open doors for new nanotechnologies using tunable microwave properties.
The DNA methylation profile of oocytes in mice with hyperinsulinaemia and hyperandrogenism as detected by single-cell level whole genome bisulphite sequencing (SC-WGBS) technology
Authors: Li Qian-Nan , Guo Lei , Hou Yi , Ou Xiang-Hong , Liu Zhonghua , Sun Qing-Yuan
Published: June 2018

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a familial aggregation disease that causes anovulation in women, has well-recognised characteristics, two of which are hyperinsulinaemia and hyperandrogenaemia. To determine whether the DNA methylation status is altered in oocytes by high insulin and androgen levels, we generated a mouse model with hyperinsulinaemia and hyperandrogenaemia by injection of insulin and human chorionic gonadotrophin and investigated DNA methylation changes through single-cell level whole genome bisulphite sequencing. Our results showed that hyperinsulinaemia and hyperandrogenaemia had no significant effects on the global DNA methylation profile and different functional regions of genes, but did alter methylation status of some genes, which were significantly enriched in 17 gene ontology (GO) terms (P < 0.05) by GO analysis. Among differently methylated genes, some were related to the occurrence of PCOS. Based on our results, we suggest that hyperinsulinaemia and hyperandrogenaemia may cause changes in some DNA methylation loci in oocytes.
Impact of seedling age on the survival and productivity of Atriplex halimus shrubs in drought-affected rangelands of Jordan
Authors: Al-Satari Yahya , Al-Ramamneh Ezz Al-Dein , Ayad Jamal , Abu Dalbouh Mohamad , Amayreh Ibrahim , Khreisat Zein
Published: June 2018

Rangelands in Jordan are part of arid areas of the Mediterranean Basin. Stress-tolerant plants such as Atriplex halimus L. have been used to rehabilitate such degraded areas. Seeds of A. halimus were sown in plastic bags in mid-March, mid-August and mid-September of 2012 and placed on the ground in a nursery at Khaldiah Station. Seedlings that were 4, 5 and 10 months old were transplanted on 20 January 2013 to the Khanasri Range Reserve and monitored for their survival over the growing seasons of 2013, 2014 and 2015. At the time of transplanting, the height, weight, stem thickness and root length density of 10-month-old seedlings were greater than of 4- and 5-month-old seedlings. Analyses of leaf tissues indicated high crude protein content in seedlings of different ages (22−26%). The 10-month-old plants showed 15–40-fold higher stem dry weight and more convoluted roots than the 4- and 5-month-old seedlings. The average rate of survival of transplanted seedlings over the three growing seasons was 77.0%, 92.3% and 94.3% for 10-, 5- and 4-month-old seedlings, respectively. Thus, higher growth of the 10-month-old seedlings than of 4- and 5-month-old seedlings at transplanting was compromised by their lower survival percentage throughout the 2013, 2014 and 2015 growing seasons. The dry yield of fodder shrubs was comparable across different-aged seedlings after 2 years of growth in permanent pastures (380, 364 and 354 kg dry yield ha–1 for 10-, 5- and 4-month-old seedlings, respectively). Taken together, these data suggest that 4–5-month-old seedlings of A. halimus are more appropriate for transplanting than 10-month-old seedlings because of cost-effective establishment of seedlings in the nursery, because no significant differences in shrub productivity were observed among plants derived from seedlings of different ages in the permanent rangeland. The impact of the introduced shrubs on different native plants in the range can be addressed in future studies.
Introduction
Authors: Lyngfelt Benjamin
Published: June 2018

A constructicon is on the one hand a theoretical conception of language as a structured inventory of constructions, and on the other hand a collection of construction descriptions, essentially a practical instantiation of the former concept. In this introductory chapter, we review the role of these notions in constructionist theory and practice, and relate it to the closely connected development of Frame Semantics into FrameNet. Practical constructicon development is characterized as a combination of construction grammar and lexicography, for which we introduce the term constructicography. Central issues in constructicography are introduced, setting the stage for the explorations in the following chapters.
The FrameNet constructicon in action
Authors: Lee-Goldman Russell , Petruck Miriam R.L.
Published: June 2018

The present work provides an overview of the FrameNet Constructicon both as an addition to the FrameNet knowledge base and as proof of concept for theoretical and practical constructicon development. The paper begins with a brief discussion of the fundamental principles of Construction Grammar, which constitutes the theoretical basis of any constructicon development project. Introducing FrameNet Constructicon terminology and illustrating its usage with examples from a variety of constructions, the paper offers an in-depth exploration of the
be_recip construction (as in Paul is friends with Chuck), also demonstrating tools and techniques for analyzing the construction as well as the automatically produced reports that derive from the manual annotation of instances of the construction. The paper concludes by discussing the utility of construction documentation and annotation for language technology.
Towards continuity between the lexicon and the constructicon in FrameNet Brasil
Authors: Torrent Tiago Timponi , da Silva Matos Ely Edison , Meireles Lage Ludmila , Laviola Adrieli , da Silva Tavares Tatiane , de Almeida Vânia Gomes , Sathler Sigiliano Natália
Published: June 2018

This chapter presents the theoretical discussion, analytical procedures, and corresponding computational implementations carried out by FrameNet Brasil to take the principle of the continuity between grammar and the lexicon to the computational domain by deeply integrating two frame-based resources under development for Brazilian Portuguese: a lexicon and a constructicon. To achieve this goal, we start by discussing the continuity principle in the Construction Grammar paradigm, that is, the founding idea that both the lexicon and what is usually referred to in most traditions as grammar can be accounted for in terms of constructions. After, we present the computational solutions that led to the development of a new common database structure for the FrameNet Brasil Lexicon and Construction: FN-Br 2.0. Finally, we present the analyses of two constructions in Brazilian Portuguese: the Dative with Infinitive Construction, which illustrates currently available features of FN-Br 2.0, and the Inceptive Aspect Construction, which imposes a series of new challenges to the model.
Intersubjectification and textual emphasis in the use of definite article + proper name in
Spanish
Authors: Calderón Campos Miguel
Published: June 2018

This paper analyses the uses given to the structure [definite article + proper name] (e.g., el
Juan ‘lit. the Juan’) in the history of Spanish (Calderón Campos,
2015). It employs the notions of “expressive value” of the definite article (Epstein, 1994, 2001) and of “intersubjectification” (Traugott & Dasher, 2002). At present this structure has a restricted colloquial
use, with varying degrees of social perception and different pragmatic values depending on the communicative situation.
However, in the past it was employed in learned texts with two possible values: (i) a discourse-pragmatic use with an
anaphoric, non-judgemental value, equivalent to [‘the already mentioned’ + proper name]; and also a recognitial use, similar
to the Latin ille Socrates ‘the well-known Socrates’.1
On the position of overt subjects in infinitival clauses in Spanish and Portuguese
Authors: Schulte Kim
Published: June 2018

A synchronic survey of prepositional infinitive clauses reveals that the position of the subject depends heavily on the
preposition heading the infinitival clause; however, equivalent prepositions in Spanish and Portuguese do not necessarily
trigger a preference for the same word order. The differences can best be explained if the overt subject infinitive is
analysed not as a single construction, but as a cover term for a series of related but independent constructions that are,
diachronically, subject to different semantic, pragmatic and analogical pressures. Subsequent entrenchment of the most
frequent patterns can eventually cause the subject to appear either in pre- or post-infinitival position by default. This
process affects Spanish more than Portuguese, where the availability of an ‘inflected infinitive’ brings the syntax of
infinitival clauses more into line with that of finite ones.
Allative to purposive grammaticalisation
Authors: Torres Cacoullos Rena , Bauman Joseph
Published: June 2018

The Spanish preposition para arises from fusion of older por
followed by a, via usage-based chunking (Bybee, 2010)
associated with the frequency of the sequence. At an early stage, semantic compositionality involving an independent meaning
contribution from the preposition a is discernible in allative uses with a destination that is a
person. A general decline of allative uses of para with a nominal complement, for both person
and place destinations, ensues after the 14th century. In a second change beginning in the 18th century, para replaces por with infinitive complements to become the majority purposive
variant. Thus, allative-to-purposive grammaticalisation (Heine & Kuteva, 2002)
occurs through changes both in para’s distribution across contexts and in its variation with the
older preposition.
Recurrent processes in the evolution of concessive subordinators in Spanish and Catalan
Authors: Pérez-Saldanya Manuel , Hualde José Ignacio
Published: June 2018

Concessive conjunctions show a tendency to be often recycled and replaced along certain specific grammaticalisation patterns.
Here, after examining those general properties of concessive conjunctions that explain their historical instability, we focus
on the history of two such elements in Spanish and Catalan. First, we trace the semantic development of Spanish aunque/Catalan encara que from conditional concessive (‘even if’) to
purely concessive (‘although’) and even, in some contexts, adversative (‘but’). Secondly, we consider the trajectory of
Spanish puesto que, which is first attested with conditional concessive value (‘provided that’,
‘even if’) and only later became a causal conjunction (‘since’), apparently at odds with the standard pattern of development
that we see in other cases.
Si as a Q-particle in Old Spanish
Authors: Rodríguez Molina Javier , Enrique-Arias Andrés
Published: June 2018

This study examines the origin of Old Spanish direct interrogative si, a structure that has
barely been described in the literature. An analysis of historical texts shows that it originates from the Classical Latin
conditional conjunction si, which in Late Latin became a complementiser in embedded
interrogatives and eventually a polar interrogative particle. This evolution is documented primarily in biblical translations.
However, its continuation in Medieval Romance varieties proves that direct interrogative si was
used in vernacular Latin. The evolution of direct interrogative si constitutes a case of
insubordination (i.e. the conventionalised use in a main clause of a subordinate clause marker), a process that has not been
considered in accounts of the historical origin of interrogative particles in grammaticalisation studies.1
Realmente, verdaderamente and ciertamente
Authors: González Manzano Mónica
Published: June 2018

This paper deals with the historical evolution of three epistemic adverbs in Spanish, verdaderamente, realmente and ciertamente. First, we
describe how these adverbs grammaticalise – or pragmaticalise – as discourse markers and, therefore, widen their structural
scope. Secondly, we show how these words experience a subsequent functionalisation, allowing them to function once again as
adverbs, but now as adjective modifiers and not as verbal adverbs. Finally, we conclude that the fact that verdaderamente, ciertamente and realmente preserve all these different meanings at the same time is not out of line with many other
grammaticalisation processes, a feature defined in the bibliography as “layering” (Hopper,
1991).
Quantifying Real-World Upper-Limb Activity Via Patient-Initiated Movement After Nerve Reconstruction for Upper Brachial Plexus Injury
Authors: Smith Brandon W , Chang Kate W-C , Saake Serena J , Yang Lynda J-S , Chung Kevin C , Brown Susan H
Published: June 2018

BACKGROUND

A critical concept in brachial plexus reconstruction is the accurate assessment of functional outcomes. The current standard for motor outcome assessment is clinician-elicited, outpatient clinic-based, serial evaluation of range of motion and muscle power. However, discrepancies exist between such clinical measurements and actual patient-initiated use. We employed emerging technology in the form of accelerometry-based motion detectors to quantify real-world arm use after brachial plexus surgery.

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate (1) the ability of accelerometry-based motion detectors to assess functional outcome and (2) the real-world arm use of patients after nerve transfer for brachial plexus injury, through a pilot study.

METHODS

Five male patients who underwent nerve transfer after brachial plexus injury wore bilateral motion detectors for 7 d. The patients also underwent range-of-motion evaluation and completed multiple patient-reported outcome surveys.

RESULTS

The average age of the recruits was 41 yr (±17 yr), and the average time from operation was 2 yr (±1 yr). The VT (time of use ratio) for the affected side compared to the unaffected side was 0.73 (±0.27), and the VM (magnitude ratio) was 0.63 (±0.59). VT strongly and positively correlated with shoulder flexion and shoulder abduction: 0.97 (P = .008) and 0.99 (P = .002), respectively.

CONCLUSION

Accelerometry-based activity monitors can successfully assess real-world functional outcomes after brachial plexus reconstruction. This pilot study demonstrates that patients after nerve transfer are utilizing their affected limbs significantly in daily activities and that recovery of shoulder function is critical.
Study on the Angiogenic Effect of Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound
Authors: Naruse Kouji , Hirakawa Noriko , Uchino Masataka
Published: June 2018

Objectives:

We examined the angiogenic effects of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on immunohistological outcomes in a rat femoral fracture model, vascular endothelial cell migration, and allogeneic bone tissue transplant in a rat model.

Subjects and Methods:

Experiment 1: We exposed the fracture site in the femur of the Wister rat model to LIPUS every day. We collected the femur on the 14th day after bone fracture and prepared decalcified tissue sections. We performed immunostaining with anti-VEGF antibody in serial sections for comparison with the non-treated group. Experiment 2: We performed a scratch test 12 hours after plating 1 × 106 human vascular endothelial cells in a 6-well culture plate. To examine the effect of LIPUS on cell migration, we exposed cells to LIPUS via the bottom face of the culture plate for comparison with the non-treated group. Experiment 3: We transplanted a delipidized frozen dry bone to the anterior surface of a Wister rat femur, and exposed the site to LIPUS every day. We collected the femur 3 weeks after transplantation for histological examination.

Results:

Experiment 1: The LIPUS radiation group exhibited an anti-VEGF positive region surrounding the callus, and robust new vascularization was confirmed in the region. Experiment 2: Vascular endothelial cell migration was promoted in the LIPUS treated group. Experiment 3: The LIPUS treatment group exhibited significant formation of new vascularization around the grafted bone, compared with the non-treated group, in addition to significant formation of TRAP-positive cells.

Discussions:

It was suggested that LIPUS would promote the formation of new vascularization and accelerate cell migration.
Origin and Composition of Cell-Free DNA in Spent Medium From Human Embryo Culture During Preimplantation Development
Authors: Vera-Rodriguez M. , Diez-Juan A. , Jimenez-Almazan J. , Martinez S. , Navarro R. , Peinado V. , Mercader A. , Meseguer M. , Blesa D. , Moreno I. , Valbuena D. , Rubio C. , Simon C.
Published: June 2018

(Abstracted from Human Reprod 2018;33:745–756)

Chromosomal aneuploidy is common. It occurs in 20% to 80% of human embryos.
Prevention of Malaria in Pregnancy
Authors: Desai Meghna , Hill Jenny , Fernandes Silke , Walker Patrick , Pell Christopher , Gutman Julie , Kayentao Kassoum , Gonzalez Raquel , Webster Jayne , Greenwood Brian , Cot Michel , ter Kuile Feiko O.
Published: June 2018

(Abstracted from Lancet Infect Dis 2018;18:e119–e132)

Although the World Health Organization (WHO) has established recommendations for prevention of malaria, it remains one of the most preventable causes of adverse birth outcomes. The WHO recommends intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy (IPTp) with for women who are HIV-negative, or co-trimoxazole prophylaxis for women who are HIV-positive.
Surgical Outcomes After Apical Repair for Vault Compared With Uterovaginal Prolapse
Authors: Rogers Rebecca G. , Nolen Tracy L. , Weidner Alison C. , Richter Holly E. , Jelovsek J. Eric , Shepherd Jonathan P. , Harvie Heidi S. , Brubaker Linda , Menefee Shawn A. , Myers Deborah , Hsu Yvonne , Schaffer Joseph I. , Wallace Dennis , Meikle Susan F.
Published: June 2018

(Abstracted from Obstet Gynecol 2018;131:475–483)

The incidence of posthysterectomy prolapse ranges from 6% to 8%. Many surgeons treat posthysterectomy or vault prolapse differently than uterovaginal prolapse in women planning to undergo surgery for apical pelvic organ prolapse (POP), because they believe that a previous hysterectomy increases both risk of prolapse recurrence and adverse events.
Racial Disparities in Comorbidity and Severe Maternal Morbidity/Mortality in the United States: An Analysis of Temporal Trends
Authors: Metcalfe Amy , Wick James , Ronksley Paul
Published: June 2018

(Abstracted from Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2018;97:89–96)

Multiple studies have found a temporal increase in the incidence of severe maternal morbidity and mortality in recent years in the United States; for instance, between 1998/1999 and 2008/2009, severe maternal morbidity during delivery hospitalizations increased by 75%. This increase has not been uniform across all demographic groups.
Infection After Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty: A High Risk of Subsequent Complications
Authors: Hernandez Nicholas M. , Petis Stephen M. , Hanssen Arlen D. , Sierra Rafael J. , Abdel Matthew P. , Pagnano Mark W.
Published: June 2018

Background

Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty restores function and improves pain in appropriately selected patients. Scant evidence exists regarding the treatment of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA).

Questions/purposes

(1) What was the overall survivorship free from reinfection? (2) What is the survivorship free of all-cause revision? (3) What are the Knee Society scores (KSS) and complications after surgical treatment of UKA PJI?

Methods

This retrospective study with data drawn from a longitudinally maintained institutional registry identified 15 UKA PJIs between 1992 and 2014. The median age at PJI diagnosis was 58 years (range, 41-82 years), nine of 15 were men, and the median body mass index was 29 kg/m2 (range, 23-36 kg/m2). Ten patients (10 of 15) satisfied major Musculoskeletal Infection Society diagnostic criteria. There were five patients (five of 15) with early postoperative infections, five (five of 15) with acute hematogenous infections, and five (five of 15) with chronic PJIs. Two-stage exchange was performed in four patients with PJIs (four of 15), and débridement, antibiotics, and implant retention (DAIR) was performed in 11 patients (11 of 15) with PJIs. We performed Kaplan-Meier survivorship analysis for reinfection and revision procedures. Thirteen patients had a minimum of 2 years’ followup and were included in the clinical analysis. Median followup was 4 years (range, 2-6 years). We calculated KSS.

Results

Infection-free survivorship was 71% at 5 years (95% confidence interval [CI], 46%–96%). Treatment success was higher for patients undergoing two-stage exchange (100% at 5 years; 95% CI, 100%–100%) versus DAIR (61% at 5 years; 95% CI, 31%–92%). Four of 11 patients undergoing DAIR had developed a reinfection at final followup. Survivorship free of any revision was 49% at 5 years (95% CI, 19%–79%). One patient from the two-stage exchange cohort underwent femoral component revision for aseptic loosening 5 years after PJI treatment, and two patients from the DAIR group were converted to TKA for disease progression at a mean of 4 years. In patients with a minimum of 2 years’ followup, median KSS improved from 73 (range, 50-93) before index UKA to 94 (range, 55-100; p = 0.016).

Conclusions

Treatment of UKA PJI with DAIR was associated with a lower infection-free survivorship at 5 years compared with two-stage exchange with conversion to TKA. Among those patients who were infection-free, a number needed reoperations for disease progression (in the DAIR group) or component loosening (in both groups). UKA PJI results in substantial morbidity, and patients with these infections should be followed closely for aseptic causes of failure in addition to infection recurrence.

Level of Evidence

Level IV, therapeutic study.