bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
About a Possibility of Usage of Sugar Beet Industrial Carbonate-Containing Byproducts in Dry Construction Mixtures and Oil Paints Manufacturing
Authors: Sapronova Zh.A. , Sverguzova Svetlana , Svyatchenko A.V.
Published: October 2018

The paper presents data on the research of the possibility of use of the carbonation sludge of sugar beet production as a filler in the building mixtures and oil paints production. Thermally modified carbonation sludge (TMCS) - a finely dispersed black material containing approximately 98% of CaCO3 and up to 2% of amorphous carbon. It is shown that the obtained material belongs to the category of finely dispersed fillers, which corresponds to the requirements for plastering mixtures and mortars. Experimental samples of primers, floor leveling mortars and oil paints, made with the carbonation sludge, met the basic requirements for analogous industrial materials.
Applications of Calcium Hydrosilicates and Amorphous Aluminosilicates in Lime Dry Mixes
Authors: Zhegera Ch.V. , Pyshkina Irina Sergeevna
Published: October 2018

Information is given on the possibility of using additives based on calcium hydrosilicates synthesized using diatomite and amorphous aluminosilicates as modifying dry mortar in the formulation. The data of the analysis of mineralogical composition of the investigated additives are given, the influence of additives on the change in the plastic strength of the lime test and the content of free lime is revealed. The kinetics of the change in the strength of lime samples was studied, which confirmed that the investigational additives possess a structuring effect and can be used as modifying agents.
Building Ecomaterials Based on Secondary Raw Material
Authors: Bruyako Mihail Gerasimovich , Grigoryeva L.
Published: October 2018

Mineral raw natural resources are not unlimited. Preservation of such non-renewable resources is the most urgent task of mankind. The development of non-waste technologies, the integrated use of secondary raw materials, which simultaneously reduces environmental damage - one of the ways to solve environmental problems. Utilization of wastes makes it possible to solve issues of environmental protection as well as resource saving. In the light of environmental requirements, building materials based on recycled materials, including cellulose-containing solid waste, have significant advantages over other traditional materials. Development of technology for obtaining new effective environmentally safe composite highly filled materials based on cellulose-containing solid household waste for the production of construction products is a rational link in solving the general problem of improving the environmental situation. In the article there are three main ways of combining gypsum binder with cellulose-containing solid household waste. Investigations were carried out on the effect of changing the ratio of cardboard / gypsum binder, specific pressing pressure, sequence of combination of components on the properties of the final product. The strength of the material was determined from the values of the flexural strength, the compression to complete destruction of the sample, and at 10% deformation. Studies have been carried out to increase moisture resistance. The results showed that the most optimal way of combining is the 2 way. The increase in moisture resistance is significantly enhanced by the action of organosilicon hydrophobisers.
Efficient Autoclaved Silicate Concretes with the Use of Steelmaking Slag
Authors: Starostina Yu.L. , Plotnikova O.A.
Published: October 2018

The article presents the findings of the research concerning the usage of slowly cooled crystallized steelmaking slags, taken from slag disposal area, in the raw mix for autoclaved silicate materials. By means of dry milling and with the use of this slag the slag-containing binders of various compositions and basicity were prepared. The application of steelmaking slags in the raw mix allows intensifying the process of new formations synthesis and increasing the amount and crystallization degree of low-basic calcium silicate hydrates of the tobermorite group, which provides more than twofold increase of strength characteristics of the obtained materials as compared to the control sample.
Heat Treatment of Wood in Liquids
Authors: Safin Ruslan R. , Beliakova Elena A. , Mukhtarova A.R.
Published: October 2018

Modern alternative to chemical methods of wood modification is heat treatment, which allows to increase biological stability, to reduce the hygroscopicity of the material and to improve the appearance of products. One of such technologies is heat treatment in liquids. However, this method is characterized by a considerable duration of the process because of cooling the material directly in the liquid. The aim of this work is to improve the technology of thermal modification of wood in liquids by reducing the duration of cooling phase without additional energy consumption. The results of experimental studies of the proposed technology of heat treatment of wood are presented. The obtained data on changes in wood density show that at increasing the average density of the material, there is a reduction in the density of its central layers that is explained by impregnation of the surface layers of wood with wood agent. It can be stated, basing on the analysis of the depth of impregnation of different wood species, that the rate of flow of impregnating liquid is directly proportional to the temperature of heat treatment, in the same time the depth of penetration of the treatment agent into the lumber depends not on treatability of natural wood but its basic density. Therefore, heat treatment of wood in hydrophobic liquids is more rational to use for hard species with greater density, and consequently, a smaller depth of penetration of the treatment agent, which will reduce the flow rate of hydrophobic liquid when carrying out the process and avoid large losses of material during subsequent mechanical processing.
Composite Railroad Ties Obtained by the Energy Efficient Recycle of Wooden Railroad Ties
Authors: Stepanov V.V. , Timerbaev Nail F.
Published: October 2018

The article presents the result of research in the field of processing wooden railroad ties and thermoplastic polymer household waste with obtaining composite railroad ties under conditions of energy efficiency of technological processes. The wood of the used wooden ties contains a significant proportion of chemical compounds based on creosote. As a result of the thermal and mechanical action, the creosote compounds in the wood form hydrophobic surfaces, thereby fulfilling the function of the bonding additives. Under the above-mentioned conditions, hydrogen bonds are formed between the components of the wood composite, that, in its turn, allows achieving the task of creating a functional composite, which varies in the compound of elements and the modes of production processes. Experimental studies were held on the nature of justification and correction of theoretical studies. The experimental stand of composite production is realized on the principle of energy efficient cooling cycles of the obtained composite with heat transfer for heating the initial components. The obtained results of experimental studies exceed the regulation values by every measure. The comparison justifies the quality of the experimental samples obtained with respect to these values.
The Study of Soundproofing Properties of Wood Polymer-Sand Composite
Authors: Storodubtseva T.N. , Aksomitny A.A. , Saldaev V.A.
Published: October 2018

The development of woodworking and furniture industry in the past twentieth century was largely due to the launch of the production of a large group of artificial materials, now classified as wood-polymer composites. Diversity and renewability of the resource base, convenience and cost-effectiveness of wood-polymer composites (WPC) are the main prerequisites for the development of this group of materials. Fillers in thermoplastic wood-polymer composites may be present in a variety of forms. At this stage industrial WPCs are manufactured mainly from small fractions - wood flour and sawdust. This provides a high technological plasticity of production, namely - the possibility of manufacturing products by extrusion and casting methods, a variety of geometric shapes and even with a small thickness of the walls of the structures. However, this is true if we focus on the maximum possible mechanical properties and accuracy of geometric shapes of finished products. If we focus production on the manufacture of sound-proofing WPC, then almost any wood waste can be used for the filling of such composites. To study and predict sound-proofing properties of wood polymer-sand composite (WPSC), a corresponding mathematical model was developed. It is found that with an increase in the thickness of the polymer-sand coating, the coefficient of sound proof significantly increases. For example, a coating thickness of only 4 mm, increases the sound-proofing properties of a wood sample from 16 to 35 dB, thus the sound-proofing properties of the WPSC are improved by half compared to pure wood.
Caring for Pediatric Heart Failure Patients With Long-Term Mechanical Circulatory Support
Authors: Hyotala Kari
Published: October 2018

Pediatric cardiac failure is a significant problem that may be caused by cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, or congenital defects that cannot be surgically repaired. Long-term mechanical circulatory support (LTMCS) devices provide hemodynamic support for patients in heart failure as a bridge to heart transplant and, sometimes, cardiac recovery or destination therapy. Critical care nurses must have a comprehensive understanding of LTMCS device function and keen assessment skills to detect signs of impaired perfusion and device failure. Nurses should anticipate postoperative interventions, prevent adverse events, and be prepared to respond during emergencies. Patient care should be family centered and nurses must strive to maximize patients’ quality of life throughout device implantation. This article provides a basic guide to caring for pediatric patients receiving LTMCS, including specific information regarding 4 devices that are often used for pediatric heart failure: Berlin Heart EXCOR, SynCardia Total Artificial Heart, HeartWare HVAD, and HeartMate II.
In-Hospital Initiation of Guideline-Directed Heart Failure Pharmacotherapy to Improve Long-Term Patient Adherence and Outcomes
Authors: Albert Nancy M. , Kozinn Marc J.
Published: October 2018

Heart failure is a burdensome cardiovascular condition associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. The 3-month period after hospitalization is a vulnerable phase in which patients are at high risk for mortality and rehospitalization. To reduce risk during this period, patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction should receive guideline-directed pharmacological therapies—the right drugs at the right doses—before hospital discharge. Optimal pharmacotherapies for these patients include agents that suppress the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, suppress the sympathetic nervous system, enhance vasodilation, slow heart rate when needed, and reduce excess volume. Because optimal prescription and adherence are both necessary to ensure the best clinical outcomes, nurses need to participate in interventions that optimize prescription and drug use over time. Collaboration with pharmacists and advanced practice acute care nurses may help ensure that medication selection and dosing are consistent with national guidelines. Use of a predischarge order set and electronic medical records checklist can enhance collaborative care.
Hyperlactatemia and Patient Outcomes After Pediatric Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Draben Lether
Published: October 2018

Elevated serum lactate level, or hyperlactatemia, is often associated with alterations in tissue perfusion, increased risk for complications in the postoperative period, and patient mortality. Measuring lactate levels is a relatively simple and noninvasive method of obtaining useful data about an impending clinical deterioration in a seemingly hemodynamically stable patient. This article evaluates the current practice of measuring lactate levels in pediatric patients after cardiac surgery and the association between these levels and patient outcomes. The article addresses periods of increased risk for decreased perfusion, the critical postoperative period, use of lactate measurements in conjunction with a risk scoring system for pre-and postoperative congenital heart disease patients, and the implications of elevated lactate levels in nursing practice.
Can religion kill? The association between membership of the Apostolic faith and child mortality in Zimbabwe
Authors: Ha Wei , Gwavuya Stanley , Salama Peter
Published: October 2018

Existing literature has been equivocal about the effect of religion on utilization of health service and health outcomes. While followers of particularized theology hypothesis believe that doctrinal teachings, beliefs and values of religious groups directly influence health access and outcomes, the advocates of the selectivity hypothesis claim that the observed disparities between religious groups mainly reflect differential access to social and human capital which in turn determines health access and outcome rather than religion per se. Using household data from the Zimbabwe Multiple Indicator Monitoring Survey 2009, we find that household heads’ affiliation with apostolic faith put children under five years old at greater risk of death compared to other religious groups. This effect remains strong even after controlling for a wide range of socio-economic and demographics characteristics of the households in multivariate logit regressions.
Gender and socio-demographic distribution of body mass index: The nutrition transition in an adult Angolan community
Authors: Pedro João M. , Brito Miguel , Barros Henrique
Published: October 2018

This cross-sectional survey with 2357 subjects aged 15 to 64 years from a ruralurban community in Bengo Province, Angola, aimed to evaluate the gender differences in the prevalence of body mass index categories and how socio-demographic characteristics influence it. Women presented a significantly higher prevalence of obesity (10.5% versus 2.8%) but the underweight frequency was similar to men (10.2% versus 12.4%). Overweight and obesity increased with age, with underweight being more prevalent in the age group 15 to 24 years. Obesity was more prevalent among individuals living with a companion (in a marital relation), decreased with education (in women), but was higher in rural areas, and for those with a higher family monthly income, in both genders. The prevalence of obesity and underweight were similar in women, reflecting a nutrition transition state. Like in other African communities, women present a higher prevalence of overweight and obesity them men, but the values of underweight are similar between genders. This stresses the need of designed health interventions for women, to face the double burden and accumulation of risk factors in women.
Sport-Related Concussion: Knowledge and Reporting Behaviors Among Collegiate Club-Sport Athletes
Authors: Beidler Erica , Bretzin Abigail C. , Hanock Colin , Covassin Tracey
Published: October 2018

Context: 

Previous literature on sport-related concussion (SRC) knowledge and reporting behaviors has been limited to high school and National Collegiate Athletic Association collegiate athletes; however, knowledge regarding collegiate club-sport athletes is limited.

Objective: 

To determine the level of SRC knowledge and reporting behaviors among collegiate club-sport athletes and to investigate differences between athletes in traditional and nontraditional sports.

Design: 

Cross-sectional study.

Setting: 

Survey.

Patients or Other Participants: 

A total of 410 athletes (247 males, 163 females) involved in traditional (n = 244) or nontraditional (n = 165) collegiate club sports.

Main Outcome Measure(s): 

The survey consisted of demographics, recognition of SRC signs and symptoms, general SRC knowledge, and reasons why athletes would not report SRCs. The independent variable was sport type. Sport-related concussion signs and symptoms and general knowledge were assessed by the frequency of correct answers to SRC signs and symptoms and general knowledge questions. Sport-related concussion-reporting behavior frequencies were evaluated by asking participants to indicate reasons why they did not or would not report an SRC.

Results: 

The SRC signs and symptoms knowledge score was 23.01 ± 3.19 and general SRC knowledge score was 36.49 ± 4.16 (maximal score = 43). No differences were present for SRC signs and symptoms knowledge (F1,408 = 1.99, P = .16) or general SRC knowledge (F1,408 = 3.28, P = .07) between athletes in traditional and nontraditional collegiate club sports. The most common reason for not reporting an SRC was not recognizing it as a serious injury (n = 165, 40.3%). Chi-square tests demonstrated significant relationships between sport type and 5 reasons for not reporting an SRC.

Conclusions: 

The participants displayed moderate to high levels of knowledge of SRCs but indicated they had failed to or would fail to report SRCs for a variety of reasons. The lack of sports medicine coverage and disconnect between knowledge and injury recognition may make collegiate club-sport athletes more likely to participate while concussed.
The Use of Augmented Information for Reducing Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Risk During Jump Landings: A Systematic Review
Authors: Armitano Cortney N. , Haegele Justin A. , Russell Daniel M.
Published: October 2018

Context: 

A comprehensive systematic review of the literature on the use of augmented information in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury-prevention programs to improve jump-landing technique was conducted. The use of motor-learning concepts could provide more robust means of preventing ACL injuries.

Objective: 

To systematically summarize the effectiveness of augmented information in improving the biomechanical factors associated with an increased risk for ACL injury.

Data Sources: 

Articles were retrieved using the electronic databases of PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Google Scholar and 3 lines of truncated search words: (a) lower extremity, knee, ACL, and anterior cruciate ligament; (b) prevention, injury prevention, and prehab; and (c) augmented information, augmented feedback, feedback, cue, and instruction. We also performed a hand search of the reference lists of the screened articles.

Data Extraction: 

We independently assessed the methodologic quality using the Cochrane Group on Screening and Diagnostic Test Methods list. Articles were placed in 1 of 3 augmented-information categories: prescriptive, feedback, or transition. Articles were also categorized based on whether the information likely encouraged an internal or external focus of attention.

Data Synthesis: 

The searches identified a total of 353 studies, of which 18 were included. Most researchers found that augmented information could lead to technique changes to reduce the biomechanical risk factors associated with ACL injury. The average methodologic quality of the studies was 11.8 out of 17, with a range from 8 to 15. The authors of only 7 studies examined retention of the improved techniques.

Conclusions: 

The evidence suggests that augmented information can be used to significantly improve the biomechanical indicators associated with ACL injury and to enhance current ACL injury-prevention programs. Combined prescriptive and feedback information that encouraged both internal and external foci led to the largest retention effect sizes.
Athletic Training Student Communication: What They Need to Talk About
Authors: Carr W. David , Timson Ben , Volberding Jennifer
Published: October 2018

Context:

Employers note that new athletic training graduates are not able to effectively communicate. To date no studies have determined what topics new graduates need to be able to communicate.

Objective:

To explore the opinions of athletic training preceptors as to what topics need to be communicated with a variety of stakeholders. Specifically, we wanted to explore what topics are communicated, what barriers exist to getting students involved in professional communication, and what strategies could be used to overcome those barriers.

Design and Setting:

A qualitative design involving in-depth focus-group interviews. Interviews were conducted in a controlled environment.

Patients or Other Participants:

Athletic trainers from 3 work settings were included: high school (3 male and 3 female; average age 32.5 ± 6.1 years), college/university/junior college (5 male and 1 female; average age 34.5 ± 6.8 years), and clinic/emerging practices (1 male and 4 female; average age 27.4 ± 2.8 years).

Main Outcome Measure(s):

Focus-group interviews were audiotaped and then transcribed verbatim and analyzed deductively. Peer debriefing and member checks were used to ensure trustworthiness.

Results:

The most often-cited topics to communicate were related to prognosis of the injury with limitations and return to play. The most often-cited barrier to getting students involved was related to interpersonal relationships, with participants noting that it was their role to lead the communication. The most often-cited strategy for getting students involved was challenging the student to do something he had not done before.

Conclusions:

It is not realistic to expect new graduates to be proficient at communication if they are not given opportunities while enrolled as students. Preceptors should consider utilizing strategies to overcome barriers and get students more involved. Furthermore, it is important that employers anticipate these deficiencies and mentor new employees appropriately.
Part I: Doctoral Education in Athletic Training. The Post-Professional Education Committee Doctoral Education Workgroup Report
Authors: Seegmiller Jeff G. , Perrin David H. , Bliven Kellie C. Huxel , Baker Russell T.
Published: October 2018

Context:

The academic environment for athletic training is changing following the degree recommendations for professional education programs.

Objective:

To provide historical context by presenting definitions and information on doctoral degree programs in other health professions.

Background:

The National Athletic Trainers' Association called for a detailed analysis on doctoral education, and a workgroup was appointed by the Post-Professional Education Committee to fulfill this charge.

Synthesis:

Expert panel consensus. Data were extracted from a search of 38 databases in the University of Washington library, limiting results to full-text articles published in English between the years 2006 and 2016. Various supporting sources, including professional organizations, accrediting-body Web sites, and the US Department of Labor database, were used for regulatory and professional practice data. Two historical references were used to clarify definitions and provide context.

Results:

Many health professions began with apprenticeship or certificate models, professional growth led to progressive degree designations such that the majority have now adopted a professional doctorate educational model wherein the professional degree is the terminal degree for professional advancement. Some health professions use residency training as the graduate education equivalent for advanced-practice education, whereas others do not. Only nursing continues to offer professional education at the baccalaureate level.

Recommendation(s):

There is a growing need for research to further understand best practices in doctoral education and the educational routes athletic trainers pursue. Collection and analysis of new data and examination of past and present doctoral education programs will facilitate recommendations for the future of doctoral education in athletic training.

Conclusion(s):

Various postprofessional educational models exist among health professions, with different impacts on professional roles, clinical opportunities, student interest, research productivity, and faculty recruitment and retention. The recently created doctor of athletic training programs may be considered a hybrid model providing advanced training in both clinical and research skills.
Emergency Health Care Providers Lack Knowledge About Managing the Spine-Injured Athlete
Authors: Neil Elizabeth R. , Eberman Lindsey E. , Games Kenneth E. , Kahanov Leamor
Published: October 2018

Context:

Current practice in management of the spine-injured athletes appears to be inconsistent with literature. Moreover, evidence expands faster than integration into instruction, practice, and evaluation, likely leading to an overall lack of knowledge, both perceived and actual.

Objective:

The primary purpose was to evaluate athletic trainers' (ATs), paramedics', emergency medical technicians' (EMTs), and dual-credentialed personnel's actual and perceived knowledge regarding management of the spine-injured athlete.

Design:

Cross-sectional.

Setting:

Web-based knowledge assessment

Patients or Other Participants:

We recruited participants (N = 1305) from the National Athletic Trainers' Association, Facebook, and Twitter. Only those participants (N = 785, 60.2% completion rate) who completed the actual knowledge assessment were used in analysis (age = 35.5 ± 10.8 years, male = 378 [48.2%], female = 375 [47.8%], sex not indicated = 32 [4.1%], ATs = 726, emergency personnel = 30, dual credentialed = 29).

Main Outcome Measure(s):

We measured perceived and actual knowledge (10 items, 9 scored) among participants and compared subgroups (ATs, emergency personnel [paramedics and EMTs], and dual credentialed [AT and either paramedic or EMT]).

Results:

Participants performed poorly on the actual knowledge assessment (5.5 ± 1.2, 60.8% ± 13.5%). Participants had limited change between preassessment perceived knowledge (5.0 ± 0.7) and postassessment perceived knowledge (4.7 ± 0.8).

Conclusions:

We identified that participants performed poorly on the actual knowledge assessment, indicating the need for more preparation and continued training in managing spine-injured athletes. Interprofessional practice and education may improve knowledge and behavioral skills, given that diverse training and increased exposure to spine boarding likely contributed to higher performance. A lack of actual knowledge, particularly regarding life-preserving skills for spine-injury management, has potentially serious consequences for patients.
Faculty Mentorship in Higher Education: The Value of Institutional and Professional Mentors
Authors: Mazerolle Stephanie M. , Nottingham Sara L. , Coleman Kelly A.
Published: October 2018

Context:

Mentorship has been identified as a key aspect to the transition into higher education for the junior faculty member, as it is an effective organizational socializing agent. The literature, however, often examines mentorship as a derivative of the socialization process, rather than as the primary focus of investigation.

Objective:

Explore the perceptions of mentorship for the athletic training faculty member on professional development and transition into a new faculty role, specifically looking at mentorship through a role transition and inductance lens for the junior faculty member.

Design:

Phenomenology.

Setting:

Higher education institutions.

Patients or Other Participants:

Twenty junior athletic training faculty members (14 women, 6 men) who met our inclusion criteria. All participants were in positions leading to promotion or tenure. Saturation was met with our 20 participants.

Main Outcome Measure(s):

Semistructured phone interviews were conducted and transcribed verbatim afterward. Using a phenomenological approach, we analyzed the data. Credibility of the data was confirmed with peer review and researcher triangulation.

Results:

Mentoring relationships were determined to be internal and external to the athletic training faculty member's institutions. Relationships were classified as informal, regardless of the location of the mentor. Internal mentoring relationships were informal and navigated by the faculty member with individuals the faculty member believed to have valued experiences and knowledge regarding the institution's culture and expectations for role performance and promotion. External mentors, mostly doctoral advisors, were individuals who could continue to support professional development and the specific tenets of higher education independently of institutional expectations.

Conclusions:

Our findings suggest that mentoring is done by a constellation of individuals, as each mentoring relationship fulfills a particular need of the junior faculty member and one mentor may not provide or possess all the necessary experiences to support the transition.
Alignment of Athletic Training Doctoral Education and Faculty Workload
Authors: Nottingham Sara L. , Mazerolle Stephanie M. , Bowman Thomas G. , Coleman Kelly A.
Published: October 2018

Context:

Evidence suggests that doctoral education is incongruent with faculty positions, but this has yet to be specifically examined in athletic training.

Objective:

To gain understanding of the alignment of doctoral education and faculty workload, including institutional characteristics, from the perspectives of junior faculty members.

Design:

Qualitative, phenomenological research.

Setting:

Higher education institutions with Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education–accredited programs.

Patients or Other Participants:

Twenty athletic training faculty members (14 women and 6 men) who were 32 ± 3 years of age and averaged 10 ± 4 years of experience as athletic trainers and 2 ± 2 years as a full-time faculty member.

Main Outcome Measure(s):

We developed, peer-reviewed, and piloted 2 semistructured interview guides to obtain participants' perspectives on their doctoral preparation, entrance into higher education, and faculty workload. We completed telephone interviews with each participant over the course of 4 months. Transcribed interviews were analyzed by 2 investigators using a phenomenological approach, then reviewed by 2 additional qualitative researchers. Mechanisms of trustworthiness included member-checking, multianalyst triangulation, and peer review.

Results:

Two themes emerged from this study: (1) workload and (2) congruency. Faculty workload was dominated by teaching, but faculty had several demands on their time, including administration, service, and research. Most faculty positions focused on teaching, whereas their doctoral education was more focused on research, possibly because of a lack of congruency between doctoral education and faculty position institution types. Although mismatches occurred between doctoral education and faculty workload, participants were often aware of these differences and selected faculty positions aligned with their career goals.

Conclusions:

Faculty workload is generally teaching-focused and contains additional demands that are often not included in doctoral education programs. Doctoral advisors should promote adequate socialization to these characteristics of faculty positions, and doctoral students should consider their interests and faculty workload when searching for faculty positions.
Learning Professionalism on the Touch-Line: Pedagogical Challenges and Recommendations
Authors: Johnson Colin , Hammond Lucy
Published: October 2018

Context:

Professionalism education is essential for the professional development and workplace readiness of allied health care students across the globe, but it presents a pedagogical challenge for educators. Students' understanding of professionalism varies at different educational stages and across different disciplines.

Objective:

To conceptualize professionalism education, with a particular focus on the sports environment, and to apply pedagogical frameworks to professionalism education in this field.

Background:

Traditional approaches to teaching professionalism have focused on role models; however, poor role modeling and the “hidden curriculum” present a threat to student professional development. Specific challenges to learning professionalism become apparent in the sports environment where students are exposed to cultures and practices that may be discordant with what is taught in the classroom.

Synthesis:

The idea of threshold concepts provides a useful pedagogical framework for conceptualizing the challenge of learning professionalism for students and can help to uncover the hidden curriculum. The evolving professional curriculum provides a framework for student professional development, focusing on developing students as reflective practitioners, skilled communicators, and collaborative team members. Students need to learn the skill of reflective practice, which can be facilitated through structured reflective models, reflective journal writing, and critical reflective group discussions. Creating opportunities for authentic reflection and discussion can facilitate students linking theory to real-world practice and help to make sense of their experiences.

Recommendation(s) and Conclusion(s):

Pragmatic recommendations for curriculum planning, teaching, and learning activities; stakeholder engagement; and research are proposed to develop professionalism education in the sports environment and to mitigate some risks presented by the hidden curriculum.
Seasonal variation in species richness and abundance of waterbirds in Mole National Park, Ghana: Implication for conservation and ecotourism
Authors: Aikins Timothy K. , Gbogbo Francis , Owusu Erasmus H.
Published: October 2018

Mole National Park is the largest and the oldest national park in Ghana and an important bird area, yet its waterbird fauna is poorly documented because it is situated in the northern ecological zone far away from the coast of Ghana. Information on the seasonal variation in the park’s bird abundance and diversity is generally patchy but necessary for effective birdwatching planning and management of the park’s birds. Therefore, as a guide to potential ecotourists interested in waterbirds, this study described the seasonal variation in waterbird species diversity and abundance at Mole National Park. As waterbirds mostly congregate around open wetlands and their abundance is more appropriately determined by counting all individuals in the congregant, data were collected using the total area count of waterbirds from August 2015 to October 2015 (the wet season) and from December 2015 to February 2016 (the dry season). Secondary data on arrival of tourists in the park were also analysed. The park’s waterbird species richness was 29 in the dry season compared to 18 in the wet season. There was significant difference (p < 0.05) in the abundance of waterbirds in the dry season in which 4014 waterbirds were encountered compared to 646 in the wet season. The yearly tourist arrival data at Mole National Park shows an increasing trend with peak visitation period occurring during the wet season. The chances of tourists encountering more species and numbers of waterbirds in the park are higher in the dry season compared to the wet season.Conservation implications: Species richness and abundance of waterbirds in Mole National Park varied according to the wet and dry seasons with both the number of species and abundance higher in the dry season than the wet season. It is therefore indicative that most birdwatchers who visit the park in the wet season miss out on a number of species and numbers of waterbirds. To achieve effective birdwatching, management should schedule birdwatching activities to coincide with the dry season as the chances of encountering more species and numbers of waterbirds are higher.
A note on positive-definite, symplectic four-manifolds
Authors: Hom Jennifer , Lidman Tye
Published: October 2018

We prove that a positive-definite smooth four-manifold with

b_2^+\geq 2

and having either no 1-handles or no 3-handles cannot admit a symplectic structure.
Long-term measurements of volatile organic compounds highlight the importance of sesquiterpenes for the atmospheric chemistry of a boreal forest
Authors: Hellén Heidi , Praplan Arnaud P. , Tykkä Toni , Ylivinkka Ilona , Vakkari Ville , Bäck Jaana , Petäjä Tuukka , Kulmala Markku , Hakola Hannele
Published: October 2018

Abstract. The concentrations of terpenoids (isoprene; monoterpenes, MTs; and
sesquiterpenes, SQTs) and oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs;
i.e. aldehydes, alcohols, acetates and volatile organic acids, VOAs) were
investigated during 2 years at a boreal forest site in Hyytiälä,
Finland, using in situ gas chromatograph mass spectrometers (GC-MSs). Seasonal and
diurnal variations of terpenoid and OVOC concentrations as well as their
relationship with meteorological factors were studied. Of the VOCs examined, C2–C7 unbranched VOAs showed the highest
concentrations, mainly due to their low reactivity. Of the terpenoids, MTs
showed the highest concentrations at the site, but seven different highly
reactive SQTs were also detected. The monthly and daily mean concentrations
of most terpenoids, aldehydes and VOAs were highly dependent on the
temperature. The highest exponential correlation with temperature was found
for a SQT (β-caryophyllene) in summer. The diurnal variations in the
concentrations could be explained by sources, sinks and vertical mixing. The
diurnal variations in MT concentrations were strongly affected by vertical
mixing. Based on the temperature correlations and mixing layer height (MLH), simple
proxies were developed for estimating the MT and SQT concentrations. To estimate the importance of different compound groups and compounds in
local atmospheric chemistry, reactivity with main oxidants (hydroxyl radical, OH; nitrate radical, NO3;
and ozone, O3) and production rates
of oxidation products (OxPRs) were calculated. The MTs dominated OH and
NO3 radical chemistry, but the SQTs greatly impacted O3 chemistry,
even though the concentrations of SQT were 30 times lower than the MT
concentrations. SQTs were also the most important for the production of
oxidation products. Since the SQTs show high secondary organic aerosol
(SOA) yields, the results clearly indicate the importance of SQTs for local
SOA production.
Consequences of dynamic and timing properties of
new aerosol particle formation and consecutive growth events
Authors: Salma Imre , Németh Zoltán
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Dynamic properties, i.e. particle formation rate J6 and particle diameter growth rate GR10, and timing properties, i.e. starting time (t1) and duration time interval (Δt) of 247 quantifiable (class 1A) atmospheric new particle formation (NPF) and consecutive particle diameter growth events identified in the city centre and near-city background of Budapest over 6 full measurement years together with related gas-phase H2SO4 proxy, condensation sink (CS) of vapours, basic meteorological data and concentrations of criteria pollutant gases were derived, evaluated, discussed and interpreted. In the city centre, nucleation ordinarily starts at 09:15 UTC+1, and it is maintained for approximately 3 h. The NPF and growth events produce 4.6 aerosol particles with a diameter of 6 nm in 1 cm3 of air in 1 s, and cause the particles with a diameter of 10 nm to grow with a typical rate of 7.3 nm h−1. Nucleation starts approximately 1 h earlier in the near-city background, it shows substantially smaller J6 (with a median of 2.0 cm−3 s−1) and GR10 values (with a median of 5.0 nm h−1), while the duration of nucleation is similar to that in the centre. Monthly distributions of the dynamic properties and daily maximum H2SO4 proxy do not follow the mean monthly pattern of the event occurrence frequency. The factors that control the event occurrence and that govern the intensity of particle formation and growth are not directly linked. Condensing atmospheric chemical species and/or their processes in the city centre seem to contribute equally to new particle formation and particle growth. In the near-city background, however, chemical compounds available and their processes power particle growth more than particle formation. There is a minimum growth rate of approximately 1.8 nm h−1 that is required for nucleated particles to reach the lower end of the diameter interval measured (6 nm) under the actual/local conditions. Monthly distributions and relationships among the properties mentioned provided several indirect evidence that chemical species other than H2SO4 largely influence the particle growth and possibly atmospheric NPF process as well. The J6, GR10 and Δt can be described by log-normal distribution. Most of the extreme dynamic properties could not be explained by H2SO4 proxy, CS, meteorological data or pollutant gas concentrations. Approximately 40 % of the NPF and growth events exhibited broad beginning, which can be an urban feature. For 9 % of all cases, it was feasible to calculate 2 separate sets of dynamic properties. The later onset frequently shows more intensive particle formation and growth than the first onset by a typical factor of approximately 1.4. The first event is of regional type, while the second event, superimposed on the first, is often associated with sub-regional, thus urban NPF and growth process.
Effects of light and temperature on Mg uptake, growth, and calcification in the proxy climate archive Clathromorphum compactum
Authors: Williams Siobhan , Adey Walter , Halfar Jochen , Kronz Andreas , Gagnon Patrick , Bélanger David , Nash Merinda
Published: October 2018

Abstract. The shallow-marine benthic coralline alga Clathromorphum compactum
is an important annual- to sub-annual-resolution archive of Arctic and
subarctic environmental conditions, allowing reconstructions going back
> 600 years. Both Mg content, in the high-Mg calcitic cell walls,
and annual algal growth increments have been used as a proxy for past
temperatures and sea ice conditions. The process of calcification in
coralline algae has been debated widely, with no definitive conclusion about
the role of light and photosynthesis in growth and calcification. Light
received by algal specimens can vary with latitude, water depth, sea ice
conditions, water turbidity, and shading. Furthermore, field calibration
studies of Clathromorphum sp. have yielded geographically disparate
correlations between MgCO3 and sea surface temperature. The
influence of other environmental controls, such as light, on Mg uptake and
calcification has received little attention. We present results from an
11-month mesocosm experiment in which 123 wild-collected C. compactum specimens were grown in conditions simulating their natural
habitat. Specimens grown for periods of 1 and 2 months in complete darkness
show that the typical complex of anatomy and cell wall calcification develops
in new tissue without the presence of light, demonstrating that calcification
is metabolically driven and not a side effect of photosynthesis. Also, we
show that both light and temperature significantly affect MgCO3 in
C. compactum cell walls. For specimens grown at low temperature
(2 ∘C), the effects of light are smaller, with a 1.4 mol %
MgCO3 increase from low-light (mean = 17 lx) to high-light
conditions (mean = 450 lx). At higher (10 ∘C) temperature there
was a 1.8 mol % MgCO3 increase from low to high light. It is
therefore concluded that site- and possibly specimen-specific temperature
calibrations must be applied, to account for effects of light when generating
Clathromorphum-derived temperature calibrations.
Hydrometeorological data from Baker Creek Research Watershed, Northwest Territories, Canada
Authors: Spence Christopher , Hedstrom Newell
Published: October 2018

Abstract. It is uncommon to collect long-term coordinated hydrometeorological and
hydrological data in northern circumpolar regions. However, such datasets
can be very valuable for engineering design, improving environmental
prediction tools or detecting change. This dataset documents physiographic,
hydrometeorological and hydrological conditions in the Baker Creek Research
Watershed from 2003 to 2016. Baker Creek drains water from 155 km2 of
subarctic Canadian Shield terrain in Canada's Northwest Territories. half-hourly hydrometeorological data were collected each year, at least from
April to October, from representative locations, including exposed
Precambrian bedrock ridges, peatlands, open black spruce forest and lakes.
Hydrometeorological data include radiation fluxes, rainfall, temperature,
humidity, winds, barometric pressure and turbulent energy fluxes.
Terrestrial sites were monitored for ground temperature and soil moisture.
Spring maximum snowpack water equivalent, depth and density data are
included. Daily streamflow data are available for a series of nested
watersheds ranging in size from 9 to 128 km2. These data are unique in
this remote region and provide scientific and engineering communities with
an opportunity to advance understanding of geophysical processes and improve
infrastructure resiliency. The data described here are available at:
https://doi.org/10.20383/101.026.
Environmental signal shredding on sandy coastlines
Authors: Lazarus Eli D. , Harley Mitchell D. , Blenkinsopp Chris E. , Turner Ian L.
Published: October 2018

Abstract. How storm events contribute to long-term shoreline change over decades to centuries remains an open question in coastal research. Sand and gravel coasts exhibit remarkable resilience to event-driven disturbances, and, in settings where sea level is rising, shorelines retain almost no detailed information about their own past positions. Here, we use a detailed, multi-decadal observational record of shoreline position to demonstrate quantitative indications of morphodynamic turbulence – signal shredding – in a sandy beach system. We find that, much like other dynamic sedimentary systems, processes of sediment transport that affect shoreline position at relatively short time-scales obscure or erase physical evidence of external forcing. This suggests that large forcing events like major coastal storms, even when their effects are recorded, may convey less about the dynamics of long-term shoreline change – and vice versa – than coastal researchers might wish.
Challenges and design choices for global weather and climate models based on machine learning
Authors: Dueben Peter D. , Bauer Peter
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Can models that are based on deep learning and trained on atmospheric data compete with weather and climate models that are based on physical principles and the basic equations of motion? This question has been asked often recently due to the boom in deep-learning techniques. The question is valid given the huge amount of data that are available, the computational efficiency of deep-learning techniques and the limitations of today's weather and climate models in particular with respect to resolution and complexity.In this paper, the question will be discussed in the context of global weather forecasts. A toy model for global weather predictions will be presented and used to identify challenges and fundamental design choices for a forecast system based on neural networks.