bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of weak radiofrequency and static magnetic fields on key signaling molecules, intracellular pH, membrane potential, and cell growth in HT-1080 fibrosarcoma cells
Authors: Gurhan Hakki , Barnes Frank
Published: August 2023

There are substantial concerns that extended exposures to weak radiofrequency (RF) fields can lead to adverse health effects. In this study, HT-1080 fibrosarcoma cells were simultaneously exposed to a static magnetic flux density between 10 $$\mathrm{\mu T}$$

μ
T

and 300 $$\mathrm{\mu T}$$

μ
T

and RF magnetic fields with amplitudes ranging from 1 nT to 1.5 μT in the frequency range from 1.8 to 7.2 MHz for four days. Cell growth rates, intracellular pH, hydrogen peroxide, peroxynitrite, membrane potential and mitochondrial calcium were measured. Results were dependent on carrier frequency and the magnitude of the RF magnetic field, modulation frequencies and the background static magnetic field (SMF). Iron sulphur (Fe-S) clusters are essential for the generation of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species (ROS and RNS). We believe the observed changes are associated with hyperfine couplings between the chemically active electrons and nuclear spins. Controlling external magnetic fields may have important clinical implications on aging, cancer, arthritis, and Alzheimer’s.
Large-eddy simulation of vortex-excited force on a square cylinder with transverse wind fluctuations
Authors: Du Huanhuan , Fan Zikai , He Wei , Yang Zheguang
Published: August 2023

This study utilized 3D Large-eddy simulation to investigate the crosswind drag force on a square cylinder subjected to transverse wind fluctuation. Two distinct methods were employed to generate the fluctuation: a prescribed sine function at the inlet boundary and an upwind barrier. The frequency was normalized in the same Strouhal number form. The transverse wind fluctuation with a normalized frequency above 0.05 tends to excite the square cylinder transversely with the same frequency band. The frequency effect also exists on the square cylinder located downwind an obstacle half the square cylinder’s size. However, an obstacle 2.5 times the size of the square cylinder generates a cross-wind fluctuation with the normalized frequency of 0.04, which cannot excite the square cylinder transversely. The frequency effect from the upwind barrier significantly dampens with the distance and disappears at 8–10 times the square cylinder size.
Fomes fomentarius (L.) Fr.
Authors: Gupta Arun Kumar , Rather Muzamil A. , Bhuyan Shuvam , Sikarwar Mukesh S. , Kumar Vijay , Naik Bindu , Mishra Poonam
Published: August 2023

Mushrooms have been used for medicinal and nutritional purposes for centuries. Moreover, they have been consumed as part of the human diet for thousands of years. All around the world, edible mushrooms grow in the wild or are cultivated as a crop. Mushroom extracts and secondary metabolites have lately attracted a lot of attention due to their biological capabilities. As a result, phytochemists, nutritionists, and consumers are becoming increasingly interested in the phytochemical composition of mushrooms, which has been proved to benefit humans in terms of health promotion and disease risk reduction. In addition, they can be used as functional foods, as well as to help with the treatment and prevention of some of the side effects of life-threatening illnesses. Low and high molecular weight polysaccharides, fatty acids, lectins, and glucans are found in abundance in mushrooms, and these compounds are responsible for their medicinal effects. As there are so many different kinds of mushrooms, it is difficult to determine what chemical components they contain and how they are beneficial to humans. Scientific papers on the nutritional, phytochemical, and pharmacological characteristics of mushrooms have flooded the literature in recent years. The botanical taxonomy, cultivation, sustainability, phytochemical and pharmacological qualities of Fomes fomentarius, as well as biological activity, are discussed in this chapter.
Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler
Authors: Ameer Kashif , Ahmed Maruf , Murtaza Mian Anjum , Siddiqui Shahida Anusha
Published: August 2023

Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler (shiitake) is an edible mushroom originating from East Asia that is widely cultivated and consumed globally. Medicinal and edible mushrooms have been exploited for centuries in traditional and alternative medicines and oriental therapies to treat ailments. Contemporary research findings have endorsed the health benefits of edible mushrooms. Modern clinical practices in Korea, Japan, and China rely on mushroom-derived extracts and supplements. Mushrooms have been researched for their phytochemistry, nutritional, and medicinal properties. In terms of medicinal effects, mushrooms are consumed by health-conscious consumers worldwide for cancer prevention, combating cardiovascular diseases, blood circulation improvement, immunomodulatory effects, and cholesterol-lowering properties. Some medicinal mushrooms, such as the shiitake mushroom, have been utilized for centuries to treat emotional and physical stress, chronic hepatitis, and gastric ulcers. Shiitake mushrooms exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, anticarcinogenic and immunomodulatory activities. This chapter details the therapeutic benefits of shiitake mushrooms. Important bio-components in shiitake mushrooms include vitamin E, butyric acid, ergosterol, and oleic and linoleic acids, which make shiitake mushrooms an important anti-atherosclerotic agent. These therapeutic benefits have boosted the popularity of shiitake mushrooms as a functional food.
Leucopaxillus giganteus (Sowerby) Singer (Giant Leucopax)
Authors: Ali Farak , Alom Shahnaz , Paul Arpita , Guha Nilayan , Zaman Md. Kamaruz
Published: August 2023

Mushrooms are a fascinating modern-day food item due to their negligible toxicity and highly beneficial health properties. Nowadays, mushrooms are considered to be potent nutraceuticals and dietary supplements. Mushrooms have become a potential source of various bioactive compounds as well as protein, minerals, amino acids, vitamins, and crude fiber, which make them important nutraceuticals. Leucopaxillus giganteus (Sowerby) Singer, also known as the giant funnel or giant leucopax, is a well-known type of wild mushroom belonging to the Tricholomataceae family. Generally, this mushroom is native to Portugal but can also be found in Turkey, Rajasthan, and the Himalayan region of Asia. This mushroom species has been traditionally used to treat asthma, cardiovascular disease, boost the immune system, and strengthen bones. The most important bioactive compound of this mushroom is clitocine, alongside other therapeutically important phytoconstituents such as galactomannoglucan, catathelasmol D, (R)-4-ethoxy-2-hydroxy-4-oxobutanoic acid, (S)-4-hydroxydihydrofuran-2(3H)-one, and (S)-5-(hydroxymethyl)dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one. The different phytoconstituents in L. giganteus are responsible for its different pharmacological attributes, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-tumour properties. Although, L. giganteus has been exploited as a food supplement, the further exploration of its pharmacological potential will help in the development of efficient therapies.
Macrolepiota procera
Authors: Kaur Kamalpreet , Kaur Gurpreet , Sandhu Pardeep Kaur
Published: August 2023

Edible mushrooms have long been utilized in the food and pharmaceutical sectors due to their nutritional and therapeutic characteristics. Mushrooms have been recognized as a folk remedy due to their vast range of nutraceutical compounds, as well as medicinal and preventive properties. They are considered as a functional food, as well as assisting in the prevention of fatal infections. This chapter highlights the phytochemistry, nutritional aspects, and pharmacological potential of Macrolepiota procera (M. procera). M. procera is a rich source of high value-added bioactive components, minerals, (particularly K, Mg, and Se) and dietary fiber. This saprobic mushroom has the ability to digest cellulose and lignin and is an accumulator of toxic elements. M. procera has been identified to exhibit potential therapeutic and pharmacological anticancer, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. M. procera is used as a functional food as it might hold huge protective efficacy potential for the cure of fatal infections. The cultivation of this valuable mushroom is required not only to preserve the species in the wild but also to ensure its maximum growth for food security. Moreover, it can be studied in phytochemical and pharmacological research to identify its value-added bioactive constituents.
Exo I signal amplification of a DNA hydrogel film combined with capillary self-driven action for EpCAM detection
Authors: Li Shuang , Wang Zhiguang , Lin Xiaoxiao , Bian Yalan , Chen Liqun
Published: August 2023

A DNA hydrogel film is combined with capillary self-driven action for the specific detection of the tumor marker EpCAM, and Exo I is further introduced for signal amplification.
Two flexible zinc–triazole–dicarboxylate frameworks: breathing behaviors for CO2 uptake and dye adsorption properties
Authors: Liang Yu-Jie , Liu Liu , Yao Jun , Deng Min , Xu Quan-Qing , Zhu Ai-Xin , Huang Bo
Published: August 2023

Two flexible zinc–triazole–dicarboxylate frameworks exhibit breathing behaviors for CO2 uptake; however, they display distinct dye properties due to different framework charge and pore windows.
Underscreening in concentrated electrolytes: re-entrant swelling in polyelectrolyte brushes
Authors: Robertson Hayden , Elliott Gareth R. , Nelson Andrew R. J. , Le Brun Anton P. , Webber Grant B. , Prescott Stuart W. , Craig Vincent S. J. , Wanless Erica J. , Willott Joshua D.
Published: August 2023

Hypersaline environments are ubiquitous in nature and are found in myriad technological processes. At these high salt concentrations, re-entrant behaviour in cationic polymer brushes reveals regular underscreening.
Electrochemical ammonia synthesis under ambient conditions using TM-embedded porphine-fused sheets as single-atom catalysts
Authors: Yao Ying , Lv Sheng-Yao , Li Guoliang , Yang Li-Ming
Published: August 2023

Thirty transition metal atoms were embedded into porphine-fused sheets (TM-Por) to form single-atom catalysts for eNRR under ambient conditions. Three TM-Por (TM = Mo, Tc, Nb) catalysts were predicted with excellent catalytic performance.
Palladium-catalyzed synthesis of 2,3-disubstituted indoles via arylation of ortho-alkynylanilines with arylsiloxanes
Authors: Hsia Yang-Ting , Lu Yu-Lin , Bai Rekha , Badsara Satpal Singh , Lee Chin-Fa
Published: August 2023

A palladium-catalyzed synthesis of Larock indoles via electrophilic cyclization of N,N-dimethyl-o-alkynylanilines with arylsiloxanes in the presence of Ag2O is described.
Disease of the equine posterior segment
Authors: Cutler T. J. , Brooks D. E. , Andrew S. E. , Denis H. M. , Biros D. J. , Gelatt K. N. , Komaromy A. M. , Kallberg M.
Published: August 2023

The appearance of the equine fundus is reviewed from the perspective of differentiating normal variations from disease, and the descriptions have been updated to include recently published ocular fundic abnormalities. Most pathological lesions are identified near the optic nerve head, and typically involve depigmentation or hyperpigmentation. Depending upon configuration and appearance, linear pigmented bands may reflect the course of the vortex veins, the transition from tapetal to nontapetal fundus, or indicate chorioretinitis or equine motor neuron disease. Choroidal vasculature is readily apparent in color‐dilute (subalbinotic) horses and must be differentiated from hemorrhage. Retinal hemorrhages in foals are common and may occur independently to hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. Retinal cysts may signal more significant disease in the eye such as anterior segment dysgenesis. Prominence of gray or tan‐colored material on or near the optic nerve head may represent traumatic optic neuropathy, benign optic neuropathy, proliferative optic neuropathy or actual neoplasia.
Rose bengal positive epithelial microerosions as a manifestation of equine keratomycosis
Authors: Brooks D. E. , Andrew S. E. , Denis H. M. , Strubbe D. T. , Biros D. J. , Cutler T. J. , Samuelson D. A. , Gelatt K. N.
Published: August 2023

Purpose To describe the clinical appearance of corneal epithelial cell microerosions associated with keratomycosis in the horse.

Methods Retrospective clinical study.

Results Multifocal, punctate, superficial corneal opacities with positive rose bengal retention were noted in six horses with presumed ‘viral keratitis’. Faint fluorescein staining was also present in three cases. Equine herpesvirus tissue culture inoculation was negative for a cytopathic effect in three cases. Aspergillus (n= 3), Curvularia (n= 1), and an unidentified fungus (n= 1) were cultured in five horses, and hyphae found on corneal cytology from the sixth. Mixed bacterial infections were present in three eyes. The eyes of two horses with Aspergillus progressed to deep melting corneal ulcers that required surgical therapy. The microerosions remained superficial, but persistent in the other four eyes. Natamycin was utilized topically in all six horses. Transmission electron microscopy from case 6 revealed mucin layer disruption, an intact corneal epithelial cell layer, and fungal attachment to degenerating epithelial cells. The visual outcome was positive in all six horses, although healing was prolonged (48.5 ± 14.5 days on average in the horses with no surgery; 62 days on average in the two horses that required surgery).

Conclusions Complete removal or full‐thickness penetration of the corneal epithelial cell barrier may not be necessary to allow fungal adherence and initiation of keratomycosis in the horse. Prior to colonization and invasion of the horse cornea, fungi may induce changes in the mucin layer of the tear film that result in or are associated with rose bengal positive microerosions of the superficial corneal epithelium. Horses with painful eyes, and eyes with superficial, multifocal corneal opacities should have their corneas stained with both fluorescein and rose bengal as fungal microerosions may stain weakly, or not at all, with fluorescein, and may thus be mistaken for presumed ‘viral keratitis’ of the horse.
Developmental anomalies and abnormalities of the equine iris
Authors: Crispin Sheila M.
Published: August 2023

The iris is derived from interaction between neural crest tissue and the adjacent neuroectoderm of the optic cup. Developmental anomalies of the equine iris are common, and include congenital miosis, iris cysts, various manifestations of iris hypoplasia, heterochromia, and persistent pupillary membrane remnants. They may be found alone or in combination with other ocular defects.
Practical usefulness of a therapeutic soft contact lens for a corneal ulcer in a racehorse
Authors: Wada Shinya , Yoshinari Masanobu , Mizuno Yutaka
Published: August 2023

Therapeutic soft contact lenses (TSCL) were applied to a thoroughbred racehorse with corneal ulcer refractory to topical medication. The insertion of the TSCL was conducted on day 36 using a nose twitch under sedation, auriculopalpebral nerve block, and topical anesthesia. The lens was retained, with the duration of wear lasting 114 days. Ocular pain improved immediately and fluorescein tests were negative 17 days after insertion. The horse was able to undergo training and ran in two races while wearing the TSCL. Thus a TSCL was found to be clinically useful for treating corneal ulcers in racehorses.
Liebe Leserinnen, liebe Leser,
Authors: Stange Rainer
Published: August 2023

Corona-Krise überwunden – was kommt als Nächstes?
Wiederaufbau wichtiger pharmazeutischer Produktionslinien bei uns, Defizit der
gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung, Personalnotstände und die sog.
Krankenhausreform werden wohl die Themen bleiben, die die nationale
Gesundheitspolitik bis zum Ende der Legislaturperiode ausreichend auf Trab halten.
Neue Versorgungsformen, neue Präventiv- wie Therapieansätze?
Phytotherapie? Nirgendwo auch nur im Ansatz zu erkennen.
Evaluation and Comparison of Citalopram and Venlafaxine for
Management of Hot Flashes in Women with Breast Cancer
Authors: Taleghani Sasan Yaghoobi , Etesam Farnaz , Esfandbod Mohsen
Published: August 2023

Background Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide.
Premature menopause and hot flashes are the main complications of breast cancer
treatments. About 40 to 50 percent of breast cancer women who undergo
chemotherapy are experiencing premature menopause symptoms, including hot
flashes. Some endocrine therapies such as tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors are
associated with induction or aggravating hot flashes. Hot flashes are often
debilitating and significantly impair daily functions. Therefore many
therapeutic options have been studied so far for the management of this adverse
effect. However, there are still some clinical challenges in managing hot
flashes in patients with breast cancer.

Objective We aimed to evaluate and compare the efficacy of venlafaxine and
citalopram on hot flashes in breast cancer women receiving tamoxifen.

Design We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in forty-one,
35 to 65 years old female patients. The study lasted for four weeks, and the
follow-up was for two months. Venlafaxine and citalopram treatments started with
doses of 37.5 mg or 10 mg, respectively. Venlafaxine and
citalopram dosages were increased in the second week to 75 and 20 mg,
respectively. The study was conducted during the year 2017.

Key Results The results indicated that the total efficacy was
significantly different in groups receiving citalopram, venlafaxine, and
placebo. Total efficacy in the placebo group, venlafaxine, and citalopram was
14.3, 53.8, and 64.3%, respectively (p=0.02). During the second
week, the efficacy in groups receiving citalopram, venlafaxine, and placebo was
57.1, 53.8, and 14.3%, respectively (p=0.04). Generally, both
citalopram and venlafaxine were well tolerated. The associated adverse effects
were mild to moderate in both groups.

Conclusions Although citalopram was associated with more adverse effects,
including constipation, it was more effective in reducing the frequency of hot
flashes when compared to venlafaxine or placebo.
Beyond Borders: A Global Microsurgery Training and Case Exposure Survey
Authors: Chang Chad , Jones Christopher , Berner Juan Enrique , Ragbir Maniram , Ahmed Omar A.
Published: August 2023

Background Microsurgery is essential in modern reconstructive surgery and plastic surgery training. Surgeon's proficiency and experience are crucial for effective microsurgical interventions. Despite anecdotal evidence of varying quality of microsurgery training globally, no empirical studies have investigated this. We conducted a global survey to investigate microsurgical training and clinical case exposure among plastic surgery trainees worldwide.

Methods An online survey was conducted using a secure platform to gather information on microsurgical case exposure and training among plastic surgery trainees between August 2020 and April 2021. Participants provided consent and completed a 37-question survey across four themes: clinical caseload, surgical exposure to microsurgery, microsurgical simulation training exposure, and barriers and opportunities.

Results A total of 202 responses were received, with most respondents in formal training programs (86.7%). The data highlighted regional variation in microsurgery case indications and flap types, with North America and Europe exhibiting the highest activity levels in microsurgery. Trainees in Asia have the highest cumulative practical exposure in microsurgery, followed by Australia and Oceania, and North America. Only 39.6% of respondents reported formal microsurgical simulation training, and almost one-third (29.7%) received no simulation training. Trainee access to practical experience is limited by several factors, including insufficient time and procedure complexity. Notably, practical experience was most commonly denied without reason being given.

Conclusion Our study highlights significant disparities in microsurgical training and exposure among plastic surgery trainees globally. Further research is needed to identify strategies for addressing these issues, given the growing demand for complex reconstructive microsurgery and its impact on health care inequalities.
Polylactic Acid-Based In-house Three-Dimensional-Printed Intraoperative Surgical Model is a Time- and Cost-efficient Approach for Mandibular Reconstruction
Authors: Bangun Kristaninta , Tania Vika , Cendrick Windy , Halim Jessica , Atmodiwirjo Parintosa , Ramadan Mohamad R. , Kreshanti Prasetyanugraheni
Published: August 2023

Background The advanced development of computer-assisted design/manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology aids in the process of producing patient-specific template for intraoperative dissection and fixation guide. To date, CAD/CAM technology has been greatly used in reconstructive mandibular cases to enhance accuracy, reduce operation time, and minimize possible complications. However, this technology was believed to be cost- and time-inefficient, limiting widespread use in several institutions.

Methods This study displayed five case series incorporating in-house three-dimensional (3D)-printed models. 3D imaging was retrieved from computed tomography scan Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine files, which was processed to STL (Stereo-lithography) format to recreate a symmetrical postoperative design. The rendered 3D file was then printed with the in-house printer using polylactic acid (PLA) material. A sterilized 3D-printed model was used as intraoperative guidance for plate bending and positioning. The process, time, and cost of each 3D model production were documented.

Results A total of 100% success rate was observed in processing 3D-printed model in all cases, with no fail in printing. The printing time on average took 7 hours, 39 minutes (ranging from 5 hours 59 minutes up to 9 hours 43 minutes) and cost spent on average was approximately $1.83 on each print (ranging from $1.69 up to $2.10). The in-house 3D printer costs approximately $750, which is compact and can be easily purchased online.

Conclusion CAD/CAM technology is a cost- and time-efficient approach, in addition to its renowned benefits in increasing surgical accuracy, reducing operation time, improving postoperative look, and minimizing complications. We suggest the implementation of in-house printed PLA-based 3D surgical guide for mandibular reconstructions.
Bloqueio supracondilar de nervo radial versus bloqueio de hematoma de fratura. Comparativo de sua eficácia em casos de fraturas do terço distal do rádio
Authors: Maia Guilherme de Albuquerque Souza , Cunha Jean Castro , Feijó Carolina Queiroz , Leal Daniel Mendes , Moreira Juan Javier , Herrero Carlos Fernando Pereira da Silva
Published: August 2023

Objetivo O estudo compara a eficácia analgésica de duas técnicas para realizar redução incruenta: o bloqueio de hematoma da fratura e o bloqueio supracondilar de nervo radial.

Métodos Quarenta pacientes com fraturas do terço distal do rádio, que necessitassem redução, foram selecionados em um ensaio clínico quasi-randomizado, para receber uma das técnicas anestésicas. Todos os pacientes assinaram o termo de consentimento ou assentimento, com exceção daqueles que não desejassem participar do estudo, tivessem lesão neurológica, com contraindicação ao procedimento na sala de emergências, ou com contraindicação ao uso da lidocaína. Para aferir a analgesia foi utilizada a escala numérica da dor em quatro momentos distintos: pré-bloqueio, pós-bloqueio, durante a redução e após a redução; em seguida, foram calculadas três diferenças: a primeira entre antes e após o bloqueio; a segunda entre durante a redução e após o bloqueio; e a terceira entre antes do bloqueio e após a redução.

Resultados Os grupos do bloqueio de hematoma de fratura e bloqueio supracondilar apresentaram respectivamente os seguintes valores médios: 3.90 (1–10) e 3.50 (-6–10) na diferença 1; 4.35 (-5–10) e 5.00 (-3–10) na diferença 2; e 4.65 (1–10) e 3.80 (-3–10) na diferença 3.

Conclusão As duas técnicas se provaram eficientes para analgesia, com discreta superioridade do bloqueio de hematoma, mas sem significância estatística.
Tratamento das pseudoartroses infectadas da tÍbia pelo mÉtodo de Ilizarov associado ao curativo de Orr
Authors: Ferreira Wladimir Querubino , Ferreira Dwilian José , Fontoura Ricardo Stival , Peres João Vieira , Rocha Danilo Simões , Lima João Pedro Leite
Published: August 2023

Objetivo Analisar os resultados e os dados clínicos e epidemiológicos do tratamento das pseudoartroses infectadas da tíbia pelo método de Ilizarov associado ao curativo de Orr.

Métodos Para analisar os dados de n = 43 pacientes com diagnóstico de pseudoartrose infectada da tíbia foram aplicados métodos estatísticos descritivos e inferenciais e os resultados ósseos e funcionais foram avaliados de acordo com os critérios de avaliação de Paley. As variáveis qualitativas foram apresentadas por distribuição de frequências absolutas e relativas. As variáveis quantitativas foram apresentadas pelo teste de DAgostino-Pearson.

Resultados Foi encontrado que 37 (86,04%) eram do sexo masculino, 6 (13,95%) femininos. A faixa etária mais frequente entre os pacientes foi de 50 a 59 anos (25.6%), p-valor = 0.8610. O tempo de tratamento é maior no tratamento trifocal (23.8 meses) quando comparado com o Bifocal (15.6 meses), p-valor =0.0010* (altamente significante). Os resultados ósseos excelentes representaram 72,09%, 23,25% foram de resultados considerados bons. Os resultados funcionais considerados excelentes foram 55,81%, os resultados bons foram 6,97%, resultados regulares foram 27,90. O curativo com gaze vaselinada (curativo de Orr) mostrou-se eficaz, alcançando assim a cicatrização das feridas com cobertura de partes moles em todos os pacientes avaliados.

Conclusões O método de Ilizarov proporcionou uma mudança substancial no tratamentos das infecções ósseas, especialmente das pseudoartroses infectadas. A versatilidade deste método se transformou em uma ferramenta eficaz, permitindo a cura do processo infeccioso, bem como correção das possíveis deformidades e do encurtamento.
Unilateral Repair of an Avulsion Fracture of the Caudal Cruciate Ligament Origin Combined with a Ruptured Cranial Cruciate Ligament in a Dog
Authors: Pike A.A. , Balfour R.J.
Published: August 2023

Caudal cruciate ligament (CaCL) femoral avulsion fractures are rarely documented, and a true incidence is unclear. A literature search revealed very few cases of a CaCL avulsion fracture or rupture combined with a cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) rupture. Only a single case report described surgical treatment of this combination by fragment removal and stifle stabilization with an extracapsular suture. A 1-year-old female spayed Labrador Retriever presented with a hindlimb lameness. Examination revealed cranial drawer of the stifle, consistent with CrCL rupture. Stifle effusion, as well as a bone opacity seen in the trochlear groove, was evident on radiographs. At surgery, arthrotomy revealed a torn CrCL as well as an avulsion fracture of the CaCL origin from the medial femoral condyle. The avulsion fracture was reduced, and three 0.035-inch Kirschner's wires (K-wires) were placed in a divergent fashion through the fragment into the medial femoral condyle. A tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) was then performed. Six-week recheck radiographs showed good healing of the TPLO as well as the repaired avulsion fracture, despite breakage of one of the K-wires. The dog was mildly lame at the 6-week follow-up and subsequently improved to clinically normal on the limb at 8-month follow-up with optimal bone healing on radiographs. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first case report to describe a CaCL avulsion fracture repair with K-wires combined with a TPLO for a torn CrCL, with an excellent clinical outcome.
Tratamento das lesões condrais no joelho
Authors: Filho José Paulo Aramburu Gabbi , Sousa Eduardo Branco de
Published: August 2023

As lesões da cartilagem articular são comuns e levam à deterioração precoce da articulação e ao desenvolvimento da osteoartrite. As técnicas de reparo da cartilagem articular visam a formação de um neo-tecido cartilaginoso capaz de suportar carga articular e evitar a progressão da degeneração. Há várias técnicas disponíveis para esse fim, como a microfratura e o transplante de condrócitos. Entretanto muitas vezes o desfecho do procedimento é a formação de fibrocartilagem, que não possui a mesma resistência mecânica do tecido cartilaginoso. Em outros procedimentos, nos quais é realizado enxerto osteocondral autólogo, há risco de morbidade associada ao procedimento, além da disponibilidade limitada de tecido. Por esse motivo, o transplante osteocondral, utilizando enxertos a fresco ou congelados tem sido utilizado para lesões de maior volume. Por fim, novas técnicas utilizando fragmentos de cartilagem picada ou particulada, assim como o uso de células tronco mesenquimais se apresentam como promissores. O objetivo desse artigo é realizar uma atualização dos procedimentos para tratamento das lesões condrais do joelho.
O acetábulo sofre remodelamento após a osteotomia derrotatória varizante em pacientes com doença de Perthes?
Authors: Deo Nitish Bikram , Agarwal Anil
Published: August 2023

Objetivo Investigamos o efeito do estágio da doença, idade do paciente e contorno final da cabeça femoral no contorno do acetábulo após a osteotomia derrotatória varizante (VDRO) do fêmur proximal na doença de Perthes unilateral.

Métodos O estudo é uma análise retrospectiva de prontuários de 23 crianças com idade ≥ 6 anos com doença de Perthes unilateral que foram submetidas ao procedimento primário de VDRO para contenção. O índice acetabular (AI) e o ângulo da borda central (CEA) foram calculados bilateralmente em radiografias pré-operatórias e de acompanhamento e submetidos à comparação estatística.

Resultados Os pacientes eram 15 meninos e oito meninas. À VDRO, seis quadris estavam no estágio de Waldenström modificado Ib, oito no estágio IIa e nove no estágio IIb. A média de idade à intervenção cirúrgica foi de 8,7 anos. A duração média do acompanhamento foi de 3,5 anos. Todas as cabeças femorais estavam consolidadas no último acompanhamento e os graus finais de Stulberg foram I = 3, II = 8, III = 7 e IV = 5. Havia displasia acetabular significativa do lado acometido no período pré-operatório. No acompanhamento, os pacientes operados apresentaram elevação significativa de AI e redução de CEA. Não houve remodelamento acetabular significativo nos quadris acometidos durante o acompanhamento, mesmo em crianças operadas em idade menor (< 8 anos) ou estágios iniciais (estágio Ib ou IIa). O remodelamento do acetábulo também não correspondeu ao grau final de Stulberg.

Conclusão A VDRO do fêmur do quadril acometido não levou à melhora significativa da displasia acetabular, mesmo quando a cirurgia foi realizada nos estágios iniciais da doença ou em pacientes mais jovens. Alterações acetabulares residuais também foram observadas mesmo com graus de Stulberg favoráveis.
In situ and real-time optical study of passive chemical etching of porous silicon and its impact on the fabrication of thin layers and multilayers
Authors: Lara-Alfaro H. F. , Barranco-Cisneros J. , Torres-Rosales A. A. , Del Pozo-Zamudio O. , Solís-Macías J. , Ariza-Flores A. D. , Cerda-Méndez E. A.
Published: August 2023

In this work, we report on the development and application of a simple reflectivity technique for real-time monitoring of the fabrication of porous-silicon multilayers. The technique allows for high-resolution quantification of the effective optical thickness of the layers during the fabrication process, enabling calibration of attack rates and detection of changes in porosity. Our experiments revealed that the porosity of the layers increases during the attack, indicating incomplete passivation of the pores. By studying thin porous-silicon layers in the absence of applied current, we developed a three-layer model to understand passive chemical etching. Furthermore, our study allowed discrimination between the two mechanisms responsible for the reduction of effective optical thickness with time, with changes in porosity being the dominant one. The technique has the potential to enable real-time control of multilayer fabrication, offering flexibility in controlling environmental conditions and silicon wafer conduction properties. Our results contribute to the understanding of multilayer fabrication and reflectivity-based process monitoring.
A comparison of growth of a vulnerable species, common carp, Cyprinus carpio (Actinopteri: Cyprinidae), from two different reservoir types in the same river basin
Authors: Dereli Hakkı , Bayhan Bahar
Published: August 2023

Context The mechanisms underlying regional differences in growth parameters of common carp, Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758 (Actinopteri: Cyprinidae), are not yet fully understood, because comparisons among them have been made post hoc. Aims To simultaneously compare growth of common carp between sexes and between regions: Demirköprü Reservoir (DR) and Marmara Lake (ML), which have different structures (lowland type vs highland type) and are proximate to each other in the same river basin (Gediz River Basin). Methods Length-frequency distributions, length–weight relationships and three growth models (von Bertalanffy growth function (VBGF), Gompertz growth function (GGF) and Robertson growth function (RGF)) were used for both sexes and all individuals in reservoirs. Key results As none of the best-fitting models used among these growth models clearly suggested a ‘clear winner’ (Akaike’s weight (wi) > 0.9), the model-averaged multi-model inference (MMI) was used for the first time for common carp. Conclusions Asymptotic length obtained from MMI for all individuals in ML (lowland type) was statistically higher than that in DR (highland type) (P < 0.05). Implications Based on the maximum observed length and the mean L∞ obtained from MMI, the common carp population in the DR can be considered threatened by overfishing.
Numerical calculation and analysis of a novel complex impedance sensing approach for in-flow droplet detection utilizing the C4D technique
Authors: Nguyen Van Phu , Bao Hoang Anh , Tran Thanh Hang , Nguyen Thu Hang , Bui Thu Hang , Do Quang Loc
Published: August 2023

This study proposed a C4D sensor structure with a novel approach utilizing the complex impedance analysis method, which includes both resistance and reactance analysis. The complex impedance analysis method provides additional information to characterize the electrical properties of solutions and strange objects moving in the fluidic channel, thus enhancing the sensitivity of conventional C4D structure. In addition, the effects of the fluidic properties, object size, excitation frequency, and sensor geometry on the performance of the proposed C4D sensor were investigated. The proposed sensor system used the finite element method analysis to investigate the performance of the proposed method. The simulation results show that the largest resistance change is approximately 27 kΩ while the largest reactance change is about 10 kΩ according to the passage of a 400 μm radius oil droplet over the sensing area in the NaCl solution channel. Furthermore, this work indirectly verifies the possibility and feasibility of the proposed impedance analysis method by utilizing the conventional C4D structure thanks to its advantages and lays a good foundation for future research work.
Exactly self-similar blow-up of the generalized De Gregorio equation
Authors: Zheng Fan
Published: August 2023

We study exactly self-similar blow-up profiles for the generalized De Gregorio model for the three-dimensional Euler equation:

w
t

+
a
u

w
x

=

u
x

w
,

u
x

=
H
w
.

We show that for any

α
∈
(
0
,
1
)

such that

|

a
α

|

is sufficiently small, there is an exactly self-similar C

α
solution that blows up in finite time. This simultaneously improves on the result in Elgindi and Jeong (2020 Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal.
235 1763–817) by removing the restriction

1

/

α
∈

Z

and Chen et al (2021 Commun. Pure Appl. Math.
74 1282–350), which only deals with asymptotically self-similar blow-ups.
Deuterium supersaturated surface layer in tungsten: ion energy dependence
Authors: Nishijima D. , Tokitani M. , Nagata D. , Schwarz-Selinger T. , Založnik A. , Chang F. , Doerner R.P. , Patino M.I. , Simmonds M.J. , Baldwin M.J. , Tynan G.R.
Published: August 2023

Properties of deuterium (D) supersaturated surface layers (DSSLs) formed in tungsten (W), such as thickness, internal microstructures, and D retention, are experimentally investigated as a function of the incident ion energy, E
i. W samples were exposed to D plasmas in the PISCES-A linear plasma device in a range of E
i ∼ 45–175 eV, while other plasma exposure parameters were fixed: sample temperature, T
s, ∼423 K, ion flux, Γi, ∼1.2 × 1021 m−2s−1, and fluence, Φi, ∼3.0 × 1024 m−2. High-resolution, cross-sectional, transmission electron microscopy observations confirm that (1) a DSSL forms even at the lowest E
i ∼ 45 eV, (2) the DSSL thickness, Δt
DSSL, is found to decrease with decreasing E
i from ∼11–12 nm at E
i ∼ 175 eV to ∼5–6 nm at ∼45 eV, and to agree with approximately the maximum implantation depth calculated using SDTrimSP, and (3) high-density D nanobubbles with a diameter of ∼1 nm or less exist inside the DSSL, which is deemed to validate a theory-predicted vacancy stabilization process due to trapping of a solute D atom(s). Utilizing a D areal density of ∼4.2 × 1019 m−2 in the first 14 nm from the surface at E
i ∼ 75 eV from nuclear reaction analysis and the measured E
i dependence of Δt
DSSL, our previous laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy data is updated: both dynamic and static D retention increase with decreasing E
i, and the D/W atomic fraction during plasma exposure reaches ∼0.3 at E
i ∼ 45 eV. A possible DSSL formation mechanism is proposed.
Impact of uterine deformation induced by applicator on brachytherapy dosimetric value: an uterine-mimicking-phantom study
Authors: Seiri Mahnaz , Jaberi Ramin , Solgi Razieh , Shakeri Mahsa , Ghadiri Hossein
Published: August 2023

Brachytherapy (BT) is subjected to uncertainties from
imaging, treatment planning, and anatomical variations. It is
necessary to identify the uncertainties, their magnitude, and their
impact on the overall uncertainty of dose delivery. The aim of the
present phantom-based study is to investigate the deformation of the
uterus anatomy induced by BT applicator insertion and the
relationship between dose and location of the inserted applicator. A
novel flexible phantom was designed based on female pelvic anatomy
by the 3D printing process to simulate the deformation and movement
of the uterine during the BT process. The applicator was inserted
into the uterus and in order to simulate the uterus motion, the
phantom was moved in four directions, right, left, down, and up. The
CT and ultrasound images were obtained. A two-stage registration
algorithm was designed to register the ultrasound and CT images in
order to calculate the applicator displacements map. This map was
used to calculate delivered dose error to uterus and rectum and to
correct the planned dose values in treatment planning procedure. The
results showed that in a planned D90 (dose) of 9.4 Gy for the
uterus and maximum dose of 1.8 Gy to the rectum, movement of
applicator leads to a big deviation in final delivered doses. After
the applicator moved to the right and left directions, the D90
delivered to the uterus was 6.2 Gy and 5.6 Gy, respectively.
Moreover, by moving downwards and upwards, the uterus received 0.4
and 1.2 Gy lower than 9.4 Gy. Similarly, the maximum dose to the
rectum in right, left, down, and up directions after applicator
movement were 3.4 Gy, 3.3 Gy, 3.7 Gy and 3.2 Gy, respectively
which highlighted the higher delivered dose to the rectum. The
results of the study demonstrate that applicator displacement can
lead to uterine underdosing and also increase the risk of rectum
irradiation. Ultimately, image-guided brachytherapy and using image
registration can increase the accuracy of treatment and reduce the
errors of delivered dose to target volume and organs at risk,
especially in uterus cancer.
Bone-mimicking scaffold based on silk fibroin incorporated with hydroxyapatite and titanium oxide as enhanced osteo-conductive material for bone tissue formation: fabrication, characterization, properties, and in vitro testing
Authors: Watcharajittanont Nattawat , Tabrizian Maryam , Ekarattanawong Sophapun , Meesane Jirut
Published: August 2023

Bone-mimicking scaffolds based on silk fibroin (SF) mixed with hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HA NPs) and titanium oxide (TiO2) nanoparticles were created as materials for bone formation. Six scaffold groups were fabricated: S1 (SF), S2 (Silk + (HA: TiO2; 100: 0)), S3 (Silk, (HA: TiO2; 70: 30)), S4 (Silk + (HA NPs: TiO2; 50: 50)), S5 (Silk + (HA: TiO2; 30: 70)), and S6 (Silk + (HA NPs: TiO2; 0:100)). Scaffolds were characterized for molecular formation, structure, and morphology by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, element analysis, and X-ray diffraction. They were tested for physical swelling and compressive modulus. Scaffolds were cultured with MC3T3 and tested in vitro to evaluate their biological performance. The results showed that scaffolds with HA and TiO2 demonstrated molecular interaction via amide I and phosphate groups. These scaffolds had smaller pore sizes than those without HA and TiO2. They showed more swelling and higher compressive modulus than the scaffolds without HA and TiO2. They exhibited better biological performance: cell adhesion, viability, proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, and calcium content than the scaffolds without HA and TiO2. Their porous walls acted as templates for cell aggregation and supported synthesis of calcium secreted from cells. S3 were the most suitable scaffolds. With their enhanced osteo-conductive function, they are promising for bone augmentation for oral and maxillofacial surgery.
Tundra fire increases the likelihood of methane hotspot formation in the Yukon–Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska, USA
Authors: Yoseph Elizabeth , Hoy Elizabeth , Elder Clayton D , Ludwig Sarah M , Thompson David R , Miller Charles E
Published: August 2023

Rapid warming in Arctic tundra may lead to drier soils in summer and greater lightning ignition rates, likely culminating in enhanced wildfire risk. Increased wildfire frequency and intensity leads to greater conversion of permafrost carbon to greenhouse gas emissions. Here, we quantify the effect of recent tundra fires on the creation of methane (CH4) emission hotspots, a fingerprint of the permafrost carbon feedback. We utilized high-resolution (∼25 m2 pixels) and broad coverage (1780 km2) airborne imaging spectroscopy and maps of historical wildfire-burned areas to determine whether CH4 hotspots were more likely in areas burned within the last 50 years in the Yukon–Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska, USA. Our observations provide a unique observational constraint on CH4 dynamics, allowing us to map CH4 hotspots in relation to individual burn events, burn scar perimeters, and proximity to water. We find that CH4 hotspots are roughly 29% more likely on average in tundra that burned within the last 50 years compared to unburned areas and that this effect is nearly tripled along burn scar perimeters that are delineated by surface water features. Our results indicate that the changes following tundra fire favor the complex environmental conditions needed to generate CH4 emission hotspots. We conclude that enhanced CH4 emissions following tundra fire represent a positive feedback that will accelerate climate warming, tundra fire occurrence, and future permafrost carbon loss to the atmosphere.
Dynamics of Ostrowski skew-product: 1. Limit laws and Hausdorff dimensions
Authors: Berthé Valérie , Lee Jungwon
Published: August 2023

We present a dynamical study of Ostrowski’s map based on the use of transfer operators. The Ostrowski dynamical system is obtained as a skew-product of the Gauss map (it has the Gauss map as a base and intervals as fibers) and produces expansions of real numbers with respect to an irrational base given by continued fractions. By studying spectral properties of the associated transfer operators, we show that the absolutely continuous invariant measure of the Ostrowski dynamical system has exponential mixing properties. We deduce a central limit theorem for random variables of an arithmetic nature, and motivated by applications in inhomogeneous Diophantine approximation, we also get Bowen–Ruelle type implicit estimates in terms of spectral elements for the Hausdorff dimension of a bounded digit set.
The shape of chromatin: insights from computational recognition of geometric patterns in Hi-C data
Authors: Raffo Andrea , Paulsen Jonas
Published: August 2023

The three-dimensional organization of chromatin plays a crucial role in gene regulation and cellular processes like deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) transcription, replication and repair. Hi-C and related techniques provide detailed views of spatial proximities within the nucleus. However, data analysis is challenging partially due to a lack of well-defined, underpinning mathematical frameworks. Recently, recognizing and analyzing geometric patterns in Hi-C data has emerged as a powerful approach. This review provides a summary of algorithms for automatic recognition and analysis of geometric patterns in Hi-C data and their correspondence with chromatin structure. We classify existing algorithms on the basis of the data representation and pattern recognition paradigm they make use of. Finally, we outline some of the challenges ahead and promising future directions.
299 Predictive Performance of NELA Versus P-POSSUM Mortality Scores; Are We Underestimating the Risk of Mortality Following Emergency Laparotomy?
Authors: Barghash M , Iskandar A , Fawzy S , Effiom D , McComb K , Huck C , Hajibandeh S , Mansour M
Published: August 2023

Aim

To compare the performance of NELA and P-POSSUM mortality risk scores in predicting 30-day and 90-day mortality in patients undergoing emergency laparotomy.

Method

A retrospective cohort study was conducted to compare predicative performance of pre-operative NELA, post-operative NELA and P-POSSUM predicted mortality scores in patients undergoing emergency laparotomy between 2014 and 2021. The outcomes of interest included the observed 30-day and 90-day mortality. The discrimination of the mortality tools was assessed and compared by determining the Area Under the Curve (AUC) for each tool using Receiver Operating Characteristic curve analysis.

Results

A total of 681 patients were included. The observed risk of 30-day and 90-day mortality were 10.4% (71/681) and 14.2% (97/681), respectively. In terms of 30-day mortality, the AUC was 0.791 (0.727-0.855) for pre-operative NELA score, 0.784 (0.721-0.848) for pre-operative P-POSSUM score, and 0.761 (0.699-0.824) for post-operative NELA score. In terms of 90-day mortality, the AUC was 0.765 (0.708-0.821) for pre-operative NELA score, 0.749 (0.692-0.807) for pre-operative P-POSSUM score, and 0.745 (0.691-0.800) for post-operative NELA score. Observed/Expected ratio for 30-day and 90-day mortality were calculated as 3.25 and 4.43 for pre-operative NELA, 2.81 and 3.84 for pre-operative P-POSSUM, and 2.17 and 2.96 for post-operative NELA, respectively. Pairwise comparisons showed no statistically significant difference in discrimination among the three models.

Conclusions

Pre-operative NELA, post-operative NELA and P- POSSUM scores underestimated the risk of 30-day and 90-day mortality for patients undergoing emergency laparotomy. No significant difference in predictive performance was found among the three models.