bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis of dry eye patients with ocular irritation
Authors: Kalaivani K
Published: February 2023

Dry eye is often an under diagnosed condition of the eye that can cause discomfort, burning sensation and blurred vision. These symptoms are related to the alterations in the layers of tear film, insufficient production or excessive evaporation of tear film.

The primary aim of this study is to diagnose and to find out the incidence of dry eye in patients presenting with symptoms of ocular irritation.

A total number of 225 patients of both sexes aged between 20 and 80 years with complaints of ocular irritation were included in this study. Detailed history taking, slit lamp examination of the anterior segment, tear film breakup time (TBUT), Schirmer’s test, Fluorescein stain score and Rose Bengal stain score was done for all patients. Data was presented only for the worst eye of each patient.

Dry eye was found in 46.67% of patients. Among symptomatic patients, 24% had TBUT value < 10 sec. Fluorescein score was ≥ 1 in 6.6% of symptomatic patients. RB score ≥3 was found in 28.4%. Both Schirmer test and TBUT were positive in 22.7% of the symptomatic patients. Only 4.9% of symptomatic patients were positive for all 3 tests including staining.

This study firmly concludes that the Schirmer’s test, TBUT and staining should be done routinely for patients with ocular irritation for the early diagnosis of dry eye.
La voz latinoamericana: la opinión sobre la integración regional en el tiempo: una mirada de los últimos 25 años
Authors: Barafani Magdalena , Garnero Paula , Merino María Florencia
Published: February 2023

En este estudio se analiza la evolución de la vocación integracionista de las y los latinoamericanos en un intervalo temporal de alrededor de 25 años. La información utilizada corresponde a los datos recabados entre 1995 y 2020 por Latinobarómetro, que constituye uno de los principales bancos de opinión pública en América Latina. Los principales resultados encontrados muestran que con los años se consolidó la vocación integracionista. Además el estudio identifica que a mayor crecimiento, educación y/o igualdad en los ingresos, mayor es el apoyo a la integración regional.
Analisis focalizado: evaluación de la continuidad de negocio en la prestación de servicios urbanos de agua y saneamiento
Authors: Cubillo Francisco
Published: February 2023

El presente documento aborda la valoración de la continuidad de negocio en la prestación de los servicios urbanos de agua y saneamiento, analizando y evaluando todos los aspectos que condicionan y representan un riesgo para la prestación de los servicios de conformidad con las obligaciones y expectativas de usuarios, autoridades y propietarios. Este documento se inscribe en una colección, denominada de análisis focalizados, que aborda de forma específica temas relevantes dentro de la prestación de servicios de agua y saneamiento que merecen un análisis temático particularizado. Los análisis focalizados se basan en el establecimiento de un método y criterios para la caracterización y análisis de un aspecto particular de la gestión de la prestación de dichos servicios con un enfoque detallado y una perspectiva diferente de la considerada en la caracterización integral del Estándar AquaRating.
Self-Fulfilling Debt Crises with Long Stagnations
Authors: Navarro Gaston , Nicolini Juan Pavlo , Teles Pedro
Published: February 2023

We assess the quantitative relevance of expectations-driven sovereign debt crises, focusing on the Southern European crisis of the early 2010s and the Argentine default of 2001. The source of multiplicity is the one in Calvo (1988). Key for multiplicity is an output process featuring long periods of either high growth or stagnation that we estimate using data for those countries. We find that expectations-driven debt crises are quantitatively relevant but state dependent, as they only occur during stagnations. Expectations are a major driver explaining default rates and credit spread differences between Spain and Argentina.
Generación de oportunidades y mayor resiliencia: prioridades para una recuperación sostenible: el Grupo BID en el Istmo Centroamericano y la República Dominicana: informe de actividades 2022
Authors:   Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo,   BID Invest,   BID Lab
Published: February 2023

En 2022 se esperaba continuar la senda de recuperación económica iniciada en 2021 para la región de Centroamérica y República Dominicana, pero nuevos choques externos deterioraron estas perspectivas. En particular, las disrupciones en las cadenas logísticas a raíz del COVID-19, los aumentos en los precios internacionales de los alimentos y la energía como consecuencia de la guerra en Ucrania, y los efectos rezagados de las medidas extraordinarias de provisión de liquidez durante la pandemia, aceleraron la inflación y desaceleraron el crecimiento económico. Más aún, las brechas de pobreza, acceso a servicios y empleo han aumentado luego de la pandemia, poniendo en riesgo los avances sociales logrados en los últimos años. El aumento de la frecuencia e impacto de las múltiples crisis recientes presenta una oportunidad para replantear las estrategias de crecimiento con resiliencia multidimensional y centrada en las personas. Desde esta perspectiva el Banco ha desplegado su apoyo a la región en los últimos años, con intervenciones en distintos sectores, pero que tienen como meta común mejorar el bienestar de las personas. El Grupo BID aprobó más de US$4.100 millones en 2022 para continuar su respaldo a en la prestación de servicios básicos, especialmente para poblaciones vulnerables; la productividad, con énfasis en las Mipymes y sectores agrícola y turismo; la transparencia de los gobiernos; y la sostenibilidad ambiental y respuesta a desastres naturales. Este informe destaca las principales actividades del Grupo en Centroamérica y la República Dominicana durante el año 2022, a nivel regional y por país.
Attrition – A Criteria in Estimating the Age
Authors: Prakash A. Ravi , Reddy A. Vikram Simha , RajiniKanth M. , Sreenath G. , Hussain S. Md. Khaja , Harsha D. P. Sree
Published: February 2023

Context: With respect to the recognition of an individual in forensic circumstances age assessment is an essential aspect. Teeth are considered to be least destructible part of the body under most conditions occurring in the nature like mass disasters. As the age advances, there will be physiological wearing away of the tooth due to tooth - tooth contacts, as in case of mastication. By knowing the level of attrition, age of an individual can be estimated. Microscopic investigation may not be achievable in certain instances and assessment of age relies on the sole examination of tooth by attrition. Aims: The aim of the research was meant to evaluate the age of individuals using Average Stage of Attrition (ASA) and Gustafson’s method and comparing efficacy of both the methods. Methods and Material: The study sample constituted 60 participants. Dental caries, restored crowns and patients with bruxism were excluded. The patients examined were in the age group of 35-60 years. Scores were evaluated by using Gustafson’s method and Average stage of attrition method. Statistical Analysis used: Regression Analysis. Results: The average stages of attrition and Gustafson’s scoring criteria were evaluated by conferring with the graduation standards. The data was collected and regression analyses were carried out for both the methods. By regression analysis, four regression equations for each method were obtained. Evaluation of attrition level and its accuracy in estimating the age by ASA method is more reliable than Gustafson’s attrition scoring.
Συμβατότητα Φαρμάκων με το Θηλασμό: Πηγές αναζήτησης πληροφοριών και η σημασία της φαρμακοεπαγρύπνησης
Authors: Tigka Maria , Metallinou Dimitra , Vivilaki Victoria , Nanou Christina , Lykeridou Katerina
Published: February 2023

Οι μητέρες κατά τη διάρκεια της γαλουχίας μπορεί να αντιμετωπίσουν εμπόδια όπως η έναρξη φαρμακευτικής αγωγής
λόγω χρόνιου νοσήματος ή οξείας ασθένειας με επιπτώσεις που αφορούν κυρίως στη διάρκεια του θηλασμού. Σε αυτές
τις περιπτώσεις, προκύπτει το ζήτημα της συμβατότητας των χορηγούμενων φαρμάκων με το θηλασμό και η απόφαση που
λαμβάνει η μητέρα εξαρτάται από την πληροφόρηση που θα λάβει από τον εξειδικευμένο επαγγελματία υγείας. Η παροχή
επιστημονικά έγκυρων πληροφοριών σχετικά με τα οφέλη του θηλασμού και τον κίνδυνο έκθεσης του νεογνού/βρέφους στα
φάρμακα μέσω του μητρικού γάλακτος, αποτελεί χρέος των επαγγελματιών υγείας. Υπάρχουν ποικίλες αξιόπιστες πηγές για τη
συμβατότητα των φαρμάκων με το θηλασμό, παρόλα ταύτα οι μεταξύ τους πληροφορίες είναι αντικρουόμενες ή και ανεπαρκείς,
με αποτέλεσμα να δυσχεραίνεται το έργο των επαγγελματιών υγείας στην άσκηση συμβουλευτικής. Με σκοπό να καταστεί η
χρήση των φαρμάκων ασφαλής κατά τη διάρκεια του θηλασμού, και δεδομένου ότι οι θηλάζουσες μητέρες εξαιρούνται των
κλινικών μελετών διότι θεωρούνται ευάλωτος πληθυσμός, η επιστημονική κοινότητα στράφηκε σε εναλλακτικές μεθόδους που
βασίζονται στην φαρμακοκινητική μοντελοποίηση του πληθυσμού. Επιπλέον, μέσω της επιστήμης της φαρμακοεπαγρύπνησης,
οι βάσεις δεδομένων που σχετίζονται με τη συμβατότητα των φαρμάκων με το θηλασμό μπορούν να εμπλουτιστούν με
καινούργια στοιχεία. Αδιαμφισβήτητα, η συμβολή των μαιών και των λοιπών επαγγελματιών υγείας που σχετίζονται με το
μητρικό θηλασμό παίζει καθοριστικό ρόλο στο έργο της φαρμακοεπαγρύπνησης μέσω της παρατήρησης και αναφοράς των
ανεπιθύμητων ενεργειών των φαρμάκων που χορηγούνται στις θηλάζουσες. Απώτερος στόχος είναι η υποστήριξη και συνέχιση
του μητρικού θηλασμού με γνώσεις που βασίζονται στην τεκμηρίωση.
Effects of Lipoherb with Metformin on Metabolic Parameters and Sex Hormones in Rats with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Tavakoli Fatemeh , Emami Azadeh , Heydari Behrooz , Abbasi Mohsen , Rezvani Mohammad Ebrahim
Published: February 2023

Introduction: The purpose of the present study was comparing the effects of Lipoherb with metformin on metabolic changes and sex hormones of rats with polycystic ovary syndrome
Methods: Thirty female Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups (n=6). Group (1): received normal saline for 56 days, group (2): received letrozole (1mg/kg) for 28 days and normal saline for the next 28 days, group (3): in the first 28 days, they received letrozole carrier and in the next 28 days, they received Lipoherb (320 mg/kg), group (4): they received letrozole (1mg/kg) for 28 days and Lipoherb (320 mg/kg) in the next 28 days, group (5): they received letrozole (mg/kg) for 28 days and metformin (250 mg/kg) in the next 28 days. Letrozole at the dose of 1 mg/kg for 28 days induced polycystic ovary syndrome. At the beginning and at the end of the experiment, fasting blood sugar level, lipid profile and sex hormones were measured by ELISA method.
Results:  Blood sugar in the letrozole plus metformin group was significantly lower than letrozole group (P<0.01). The amount of serum triglyceride and LDL cholesterol in the group that received letrozole and Lipoherb were significantly decreased compared to letrozole group (P>0.05). In the same group, total cholesterol concentration also decreased significantly compared to other groups (P>0.01). The serum level of estrogen in the group received Lipoherb was significantly lower compared to letrozole group (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Compared to metformin, Lipoherb had more ability to correct the metabolic symptoms of rats with polycystic ovary syndrome. However, the hormonal effects of Lipoherb did not differ significantly from the hormonal effects of metformin in polycystic ovary syndrome.
A Methodological Inquiry on Compatibility of Droysen’s Understanding and Weber’s Counterfactuals
Authors: Bakaiev Mykola
Published: February 2023

Gustav Droysen introduced understanding as the method of history. Max Weber analyzed what-if statements or counterfactuals as a form of causal explanation. Both scholars had a common interest in understanding and explanation. However, Droysen’s explanation was defined as method of natural sciences and served no use in history, while Weber’s understanding was focused on social reality rather than historical one. Still, precisely Weber’s idea of difference-making counterfactuals was later reinterpreted as defining for historical counterfactuals. In this paper, I determine what their methodologies say about understanding and counterfactuals, whether their views are compatible and whether historical research can benefit from combination of understanding and counterfactuals. To do this, I reconstruct Gustav Droysen’s views on understanding in the first part. Understanding here is a method that allows us to grasp events that are distant in time as contemporary ones through historical material and criticism. In the second part I review the tradition of counterfactuals of analytic philosophers (from Roderick Chisholm and Nelson Goodman to Julian Reiss) and Max Weber. Counterfactuals are conditional statements that contradict existing historical facts by changing or removing the causes of certain events, so that they can demonstrate the significance of these causes for historical events in case the counterfactual causes make a difference for the events. In the third part of the paper, I argue for compatibility between the methodologies, maintaining that understanding and counterfactuals can be beneficial for historical research in the following way: counterfactuals pinpoint the causes and main figures of historical events; knowledge about the figures improves our understanding of them; this understanding helps to see more counterfactual possibilities that can bring to light new causes, deepening our view of history.
Appropriateness of Combining Feminist and Anticolonial Approaches to Historiography of Philosophy
Authors: Puhach Veronika
Published: February 2023

Feminist research on historiography of philosophy has been actively conducted in the anglophone academic space and primarily regarding Western philosophy for several decades. These inquiries led to fundamental rethinking of the canon of history of philosophy, the development of feminist methodological reflections by historians of philosophy, and discoveries (recoveries) of names of women philosophers of the past. Meanwhile, anticolonial research (including, but not limited to decolonial and postcolonial theory), aimed at combatting the problematic assumption that philosophy is a Western phenomenon, is being conducted. Meanwhile in Ukraine, the canon of history of philosophy remains almost exclusively male, and the anticolonial perspective is not applied to history of philosophy, even though for a major part of its history Ukraine was not independent and was under control of empires. To overcome the androcentric bias in historiography of Ukrainian philosophy, I believe we need to combine the feminist perspective with the anticolonial perspective since we are talking about women who are also representatives of a colonial nation, and this double status of being women and being colonial affected their experience. However, feminist and anticolonial approaches remain largely methodologically isolated, which is what prompts this article and the need to research the levels of their developments and the prospects of combining them for historiography of philosophy. This article fulfils this goal by reviewing both feminist and anticolonial approaches to historiography of philosophy separately, and then looking at cases of their successful combinations outside historiography of philosophy, reviewing challenges and similarities, and outlining methodological reasons for combining them when it comes to historiography of philosophy.
Knowledge as Image in the Late Philosophy of Johann Gottlieb Fichte
Authors: Netrebiak Olha
Published: February 2023

Author analyses Fichte’s understanding of knowledge as image that related to his late period of creativity, precisely Doctrine of Science 1813. The appeal to the late period of Fichte’s work is necessary because these texts are little researched. They are also pre-mortal, so they can safely be called a mature work of Fichte’s philosophical project. The study of the late period allows us to destroy most of the stereotypes and deformations that overgrown Fichte’s philosophy until the second half of the twentieth century through dominant Hegelian interpretation. Explaining nature of knowledge, how it is in itself, Fichte tries to dissociate from philosophy of Spinoza at the same time, developing doctrine of the image as a manifestation of the Absolute. The image for him is not a copy of being, but possesses some autonomy, and at the same time, possesses the formative and creative capacity. The Absolute (God), who manifest himself through the image, but is not reduced to him and Fichte has difficulties with explanation how the Absolute is present in his manifestation. The article also investigates the idea of “I” as image of God. Philosopher understands limitation of the explanation of consciousness from the point of the same subject, therefore he appeals to rich metaphorical language, which has an aims to look on consciousness and reflection in different way. In this attempt to explain the nature of knowledge, the last word is not always told by the subject himself. Theological perspective over which the philosopher builds his doctrine of image broadens the understanding of knowledge like image of God.
A bow from Kyiv: touristic postcards from Kyiv of the late 19th-early 20th century: production, content and use
Authors: Dysa Kateryna
Published: February 2023

Today postcards are an essential part of touristic infrastructure: they are sold as souvenirs, collected as a reminder of visited places, and even occasionally sent by post to family and friends. Postcards became a meaningful addition to the arsenal of the tourist industry only in the second half of the nineteenth century. Kyiv “open letters,” as the postcards were called in the Russian empire, reflected the same dynamic as in the center of the empire. In this article I study Kyiv postcards of the late nineteenth – early twentieth century as one of the means to popularize the city among the tourists. To go beyond the widespread approach to the study of postcards only from the point of view of its production and subject matter, I am using the methodology of visual-source analysis proposed by Gillian Rose. According to it, postcards are physical and visual objects, and in addition to the discussion of their production and image representation, I also look at how they were used by people who bought them.Kyiv postcards were produced both by publishers in the imperial capital, and by local publishing houses. In the course of time, their outlook changed (an empty space for inscription moved from the front side to the side reserved for the address), as well as type of production (phototype replaced lithography). Subject matter was quite rich and differs from early years of postcards: from depiction of famous buildings and monuments to picturesque sites, “productive” landscapes, and genre scenes. Much less is known about actual use of postcards. From a small set of Kyiv postcards that were sent by post, one can see that the choice of subject matter was arbitrary and depended not only on specific personal preferences but also on specific personal circumstances. Postcards were used as “open letters” and sent to other cities with various purposes – to let close ones know about a successful voyage and share impressions about it, send news about a sender or just let people know that a sender is fine.
Eugene Onatsky and his work in the diplomatic mission of the UPR in Italy: transformative experience
Authors: Sytor Anton
Published: February 2023

This article analyzes the experience of the political activist, historian, journalist and diplomat Yevhen Onatsky (1894–1979), which he acquired while working in the diplomatic mission of the Ukrainian People’s Republic in Italy during 1919–1923. This experience will be considered as transformative, as experience that led to a fundamental transformation in his views, primarily political. In the article, the concept of transformative experience (by cognitive scientist and philosopher of consciousness Laurie Ann Paul) is applied, as well as the related taxonomies of researchers who contribute to the evolution of this concept. It is emphasized that the implementation of this concept in the humanities has not yet become widespread and does not have established methodological schemes of application. This makes the very idea of such an implementation somewhat risky, but, in the opinion of the author, somewhat promising.The analysis of the radical transformation of Onatsky’s centre-left views towards the authoritarian-nationalist positions of the later period aspires to illustrate the path taken by the generation that began its political and social activity within the framework of the most influential left-wing movement at the period of the Ukrainian Revolution, and that in its mature years, which fell on the period of growth of right-wing movements throughout Europe made its choice in favor of the latter. The article illustrates how Onatsky’s various experiences influenced the change in his beliefs, with special attention to Onatsky’s experiences while working at the UPR Mission in Rome. This experience was gained in the context of radical geopolitical changes, namely the establishment of the Soviet system and the suppression of democratic Ukrainian statehood, as well as the rise of fascism in Italy.The article is based on published and unpublished ego-documents authored by Onatsky, in particular, published notes related to the period under study, which shed light on the personal motivation of the author and on the factors that determined his later choice.
Soviet stadium as a space of competition of official and informal models of behavior on the example of Kyiv (1950–1980)
Authors: Halan Liubov
Published: February 2023

The article considers the peculiarities of the strategies of behavior of fans in Soviet stadiums in the postwar period. On the example of the city of Kyiv and the “Republican” stadium, an analysis of the competition between officially permitted, acceptable models of behavior and alternatives to them, which took place during football matches, is conducted. The Soviet stadium during football matches was a kind of point of “inaccessibility” for the authorities. Watching matches at the stadium was accompanied by a more intense public display of emotions, in contrast to other sports spectacles (for example, a physical culture parade).Before the start of «perebudova» and the announcement of “glasnist”, the official press kept silent about the real situation in the stadiums and the scale of the conflicts that arose after the matches. Also, it ignored any unusual forms of manifestation by fans of their football-related identity (for example, a march of spectators through the city after the match). Violence in stadiums, “incorrect behavior” (such as insulting football players, songs with obscene language) could not be part of the official Soviet spectator culture. The deconstruction of the image of the “good” fan created by Soviet propaganda and its comparison with the materials of oral historical interviews leads to the conclusion that the practices of Soviet fans in and out of the stadium on the day of the match undermined the government’s monopoly on the city.The widespread popularity of football in the Soviet Union and its widespread discussion contributed to the construction of fan communities, the identity of which was formed by opposing the support of “our” against “foreign”, hostile teams. The principled nature of football matches for interested Soviet citizens turned the review of games at the stadium into a place of emotional demonstration of the fans’ identity. Violations of public order, collective “celebrations” or demonstrations of dissatisfaction with the results of the game, spontaneous marches from the stadium after the match became part of the unconscious resistance to the established models of “correct behavior”.The context of “perebudova”, the lack of prepared reaction of law enforcement officers led to the escalation of the conflict and, in fact, to the actual and symbolic appropriation of urban space by Kyiv fans during the clashes.
Postsoviet “ambivalence of consciousness” of the Ukrainian youth (based on the poll “Soviet past and its impact upon the life of contemporary youth”)
Authors: Shlikhta Natalia
Published: February 2023

In September – November 2021, the project team “Soviet Past: (Re)thinking of History” conducted an online-poll for school youth of 14-18 year-old under the common title “Soviet Past and Its Impact upon the Life of Contemporary Youth.” This was one of the first polls focused on the views and understandings of the youngest Ukrainian citizens.This article examines the poll results within a broader context of ongoing discussions about the impact of the Soviet past upon the life of contemporary Ukrainians and about the phenomenon of “post-Sovietness” on the territories of the former Soviet Union. The poll was conducted on the eve of the Russo-Ukrainian war, which broke on February 24, 2022. It therefore fixed those behavioral patterns and value orientations of the so-called “generation of Ukrainian independence” that are defined as “ambivalent” by sociologists: they simultaneously testify to the declarative break of the Ukrainian youth with the Soviet past and this past’s continuing impact upon its present.The Russo-Ukrainian war will undeniably impact Ukrainians’ attitude towards the Soviet past. It will most probably cause a complete and final symbolic break with this past, especially at the level of policy making and public presentation. Still, as the author argues, we cannot determine at the moment its deeper impact upon personal perceptions, value orientations, and behavioral models of Ukrainians, including of the youngest ones, which are analyzed in this article.
Deceptive obviousness: modern approaches to the study of the history of emotions
Authors: Khodakivskyi Oleksandr
Published: February 2023

This article reviews a number of works, which focused on the history of emotion studies. The field is developing steadily in Western Europe and the United States, while remains almost unknown in Ukraine. Over the last decade, the number of works within the discipline has rapidly increased, which, on the one hand, has developed theoretical and methodological tools, and, on the other hand, has made it difficult to find a starting point to get acquainted with the field. Formerly, the study of emotions was almost isolated inside certain disciplines and eventually expressed in the opposition between social constructivism and universalism. Specialists in the history of emotions managed to overcome such an unconstructive analytical frame by making extensive use of developments in other disciplines, mainly anthropology and neurobiology. These borrowings helped to reconsider what emotion is, as well as its importance as an analytical category in historical research. It has been demonstrated that the meaning of experience and the forms of its expression change over time, and both are formed by cultural prescriptions. Therefore, emotion is varying historically, and cannot be basic. Neurobiologists have shown that the body and brain are involved together in the process of cognition through emotional experience. In addition, noticing that culture-made changes in the brain-body are genetically transmitted, a human being was defined as a biocultural entity. Applying these observations, historians have noticed that depending on the context, emotion is formed and experienced in different ways, and exists in constant interaction with the world. Close dependence on interaction and active involvement in space gave the understanding that emotion can be explored in relation to cultural space, as well as reasons to consider emotion as a practical involvement with the world.
INTERACTION OF TIO2 NANOPARTICLES AND PROTEINS OF AN IMMUNE COMPLEX IN PHOTOLUMINESCENCE BASED BIOSENSOR
Authors: Tereshchenko A. , Smyntyna V.
Published: February 2023

Interaction between nanostructured semiconductor thin layers and immune complex based proteins is a fundamental issue of the formation of nanobiointerface in the various biosensors, in particular, optical biosensors. In this work, the main aspects of the interaction between photoluminescent TiO2 nanoparticles and Bovine leucosis virus (BLV) protein gp51, used as a model protein, during the formation of photoluminescence based immunosensor have been discussed. The antigens of gp51 were immobilized on the surface of a nanostructured TiO2 thin film formed on the glass substrates. As a result, an increase of the photoluminescence (PL) signal intensity and PL peak shift from 517 nm to 499 nm were observed. An incubation of TiO2/gp51 structure in a solution containing anti-gp51 antibodies resulted in the backward PL peak shift from 499 nm to 516 nm and decrease of the PL intensity. The main reason of the changes in the PL spectra (i.e. PL maxima shifts and PL intensity variations) as a result of BLV protein gp51 adsorption on the surface TiO2 thin film is an electrostatic interaction between negatively charged surface of TiO2 and positively charged atoms and groups provided by the adsorbed gp51 protein due to the presence of partial uncompensated charges within the proteins.
DETECTORS BASED ON FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTORS
Authors: Vikulin I. М. , Vikulina L. F. , Litvinenko V. М. , Gorbachev V. E. , Markolenko P. Y.
Published: February 2023

The possibility of using the method of combining several sensor elements with opposite sensitivity to various external influences to obtain new designs of sensors for light, temperature and magnetic field has been experimentally investigated. Standard industrial samples of FEJT and a MOSFET in saturation mode with two-pole connection, when the gate is closed with the source, were used as sensor elements in the work. It is shown that the FEJT has a negative temperature coefficient of current change, while the MOSFET has a positive one. At the same time, the sign of the radiative action factor of the MOSFET is determined by the initial value of the drain current before irradiation. It has been experimentally confirmed that the use of four transistors in a bridge measurement circuit increases the sensitivity of the sensor tenfold compared to one transistor due to the internal mechanism of increasing the sensitivity for series-connected pairs of transistors.
RELATIVISTIC APPROACH TO COMPUTING WAVELENGTHS OF TRANSITIONS IN SPECTRA OF ATOMIC SYSTEMS IN PLASMAS
Authors: Ternovsky E. V.
Published: February 2023

New relativistic approach to computing the spectral parameters of multicharged ions in plasmas for different values of the plasmas screening (Debye) parameter (respectively, electron density, temperature) is presented. The presented approach is based on the generalized relativistic energy approach combined with the optimized relativistic many-body perturbation theory with the Dirac-Debye screening hamiltonian as a zeroth approximation, adapted for application to study the energy and spectral parameters of atoms and ions in plasmas. The special exchange potential as well as the electron density with dependence upon the temperature are used. The wavelengths for a number of transitions, including (A): E(1s2p 1P1)-E(1s2 1S); (B) E(1s3p 1P1)_E(1s2 1S); (C)AK: E(1s2p 3P1)_E(1s2s 3S); (D): E(1s3p 3P1)_E(1s2s 3S) of the helium in plasmas for various Debye lengths are calculated and compared with the corresponding data by Kar-Ho.
ADVANCED STUDY OF SPECTRAL AND HYPERFINE STRUCTURE PARAMETERS FOR Li-LIKE MULTICHARGED IONS WITHIN Relativistic Theory
Authors: Mykhailov A. L.
Published: February 2023

The relativistic many-body perturbation theory with the optimized Dirac zeroth approximation is applied to calculation of some fundamental characteristics of the hyperfine structure of middle and heavy Li-like multicharged ions. The relativistic, exchange-correlation and other corrections are accurately taken into account. The optimized relativistic orbital basis set is generated in the optimal many-body perturbation theory approximation with performance of the gauge invariance principle. There are listed the calculated values of derivatives of the one-electron characteristics, including the hyperfine structure parameters, on nuclear radius for the Li-like multicharged ions with the corresponding analysis.
RELATIVISTIC AND CORRELATION EFFECTS IN AUGER SPECTROSCOPY OF ATOMS AND SOLIDS
Authors: Sofronkov A. N. , Tjurin A. V.
Published: February 2023

It is presented an advanced, consistent theoretical scheme for determination of the energy and spectral characteristics of the Auger process (decay, transition) in atomic systems and solids with correct accounting for the relativistic and nuclear effects. As the basic approach to calculating the Auger spectra of solids there is used a consistent theoretical method, based on the S-matrix formalism by Gell-Mann and Low and relativistic many-body perturbation theory formalism. Universal relativistic Dirac-Hartree-Slater method is taken as a theoretical method for calculating the electronic wave functions and energies of the states and transitions. The advanced data on the Auger electron energy for some solids (Ge,Ag) with accounting for the relativistic and nuclear finite size effects are listed.
Construção de um novo perfil de radiação solar e temperatura do ar a partir de padrões climáticos conhecidos para a cidade de Belém-PA
Authors: Borges Larissa dos Santos , Nobre Jean Carlos de Almeida , Sousa David Lohan Pereira de , Andrade Luiz Claudio Fialho
Published: February 2023

Nesta pesquisa manipulam-se cinco bases de dados diferentes, para obtenção de um novo perfil climático a partir de uma análise estatística da média, mínima, máxima e desvio padrão das variáveis de radiação solar e temperatura do ar para a cidade de Belém-PA. Existe um período de catalogação para cada arquivo climático, no TMY (2007-2021) são quatorze anos de coleta de dados, SWERA (1973-1997) vinte e quatro anos, IWEC (1982-1995) treze anos, TRY (1964) um ano e INMET (2010) um ano. A variabilidade da coleta amostral, permitiu realizar uma simulação mais precisa dos valores médios das variáveis estudadas. A disposição dos dados climatológicos no acervo dos arquivos utilizados necessita de um tratamento estatístico a fim de viabilizar o seu uso em pesquisas e simulações na área de desempenho térmico e eficiência energética. Nessa área, uma das dificuldades enfrentadas pelos pesquisadores é a escolha do arquivo climático, dessarte, foi feita a análise de fontes distintas de coleta e extraído um novo conjunto de dados.  Foi simulado com auxílio do software OpenStudio, o comportamento das temperaturas de bulbo seco e bulbo úmido e das taxas de radiação solar direta e difusa para cada arquivo climático, no intuito utilizar medidas de centralidade e dispersão como parâmetros na obtenção e validação estatística do novo perfil.
„Woleli opowieść o życiu”. O dwóch picture-bookach Iwony Chmielewskiej
Authors: Jarniewicz Jerzy
Published: February 2023

Artykuł, poświęcony rosnącej popularności picture-booków i kłopotom z ich definicją, koncentruje się na twórczości Iwony Chmielewskiej, autorki związanej z tematyką Zagłady. Szczegółowo omówione zostają jej dwie książki, Pamiętnik Blumki (2011) i Dopóki niebo nie płacze (2016), reprezentujące różne odmiany tego gatunku, będące eksperymentami w poszukiwaniu nowych form książki jako materialnego i wizualnego obiektu, narzucającego nielinearny porządek odbioru i problematyzującego relacje między słowem a obrazem. Podjęte zostają również kwestie etyczne w literaturze o Holokauście, wyrażające się często w wyborze między realistycznym obrazowaniem, metaforycznym skrótem a milczeniem.
Cały świat jest alegorią. Recenzja książki Magdaleny Kuran „Przez zarzuconą subtelną bawełnicę…” – cognitio symbolica w kazaniach reformata Antoniego Węgrzynowicza (źródła, zastosowania, konteksty), Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, Łódź 2022
Authors: Walińska Marzena
Published: February 2023

Recenzja dotyczy książki Magdaleny Kuran „Przez zarzuconą subtelną bawełnicę…” – cognitio symbolica w kazaniach reformata Antoniego Węgrzynowicza (źródła, zastosowania, konteksty) (Łódź 2022). Tekst zawiera omówienie najważniejszych zagadnień poruszonych w monografii: wyjaśnienie znaczenia i roli teologii symbolicznej (oraz będącej jej częścią zasady cognitio symbolica) w twórczości Antoniego Węgrzynowicza – osiemnastowiecznego kaznodziei, członka zakonu krakowskich reformatów, autora kilkuset kazań w językach polskim i łacińskim. Podkreśla się umiejętność Autorki w rozpoznawaniu i opisie zastosowanych zabiegów alegoryzacyjnych na różnych poziomach tekstu (koncept całego zbioru, budowa poszczególnych kazań, wybrane przykłady argumentacji). Recenzowana publikacja zostaje oceniona jako niezwykle wartościowa, zarówno ze względu na bogaty materiał źródłowy, erudycję i umiejętności analityczne Autorki, jak i całościowe ujęcie twórczości krakowskiego kaznodziei.
Genetic Diversity Studies in Super-early Pigeonpea [Cajanu cajan (L.) Millsp.]
Authors: Ranjani M.S. , Vanniarajan C. , Kumar C.V. Sameer , Saxen R.K. , Hingane Anupama J.
Published: February 2023

Background: Pigeonpea is an important legume crop in India. The super early genotypes which matures within 100 days have been developed at ICRISAT. They are photo-insensitive, aids in crop intensification and escapes abiotic and biotic stresses. The super early genotypes were exploited for genetic diversity for further improvement of the genotypes. Methods: The study was conducted at International Crop Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, Telangana during kharif, 2017. The thirty-super early pigeonpea genotypes developed at ICRISAT were subjected for the study of genetic diversity (Mahalanobis D2 method) based on twelve quantitative characters. Result: The 30 super early genotypes were grouped into five clusters. The largest number of genotypes were confined to cluster III (19 genotypes) followed by cluster IV (6 genotypes), cluster I and II (2 genotypes). Cluster V is a solitary cluster with the check MN1.The inter cluster distance was high between the clusters III and IV followed by cluster I and III. The intra cluster distance was highest for the cluster III indicating the presence of variation among the genotypes within the cluster. The highest mean for single plant yield was observed for the cluster III followed by cluster V. The clusters with more inter cluster distance can be used to select parents to be involved in hybridization programmes.
An Image-based Approach of Apex Type Descriptor State Establishment using Elliptic Fourier Analysis
Authors: Jr Renerio P. Gentallan , Endonela Leah E. , Borrromeo Teresita H. , Timog Emmanuel Bonifacio S.
Published: February 2023

An objective method to establish apex and base type descriptor states is proposed using elliptic Fourier descriptors derived from appropriately segmented images. Using pili (Canarium ovatum Engl.) kernel-in-shell apex as a model, 51 pili accessions represented by 10 kernel-in-shell images per accession were acquired using a calibrated VideometerLab3 setup. An appropriate segmentation scheme was applied by developing an algorithm that would segment blobs that cover only the apical region (upper 25%) of the closed contours using OpenCV implemented in Python 3.7. From the segmented blobs, elliptic Fourier descriptors (EFDs) were derived. Subsequently, the EFDs were analyzed using principal component analysis and cluster analysis. Two effective principal components were able to explain 94.18% of the variation which were visualized to show differences involving length to width ratio, apex angle and left-to-right leaning orientation of the segmented images. Although a single apex shape was observed, mean EFDs of three clusters were able to represent three apex type descriptor states-narrowly acute, acute and widely acute. This indicated that elliptic Fourier analysis can characterize variations in the apical regions, particularly apex shape and angle, given the proper segmentation protocol.
The 2019 carbon tax in South Africa: Effects on relative cost of building materials, welfare, emissions, and energy consumption for households
Authors: Kabundu Emmanuel , Mbanga Sijekula , Makasa Paul
Published: February 2023

The introduction of the carbon tax by South Africa was primarily aimed at reducing pollution, and possibly improving the welfare of South African households. One of the ways of reducing pollution in the construction industry is to discourage the use of building materials that are high carbon emitters or have high energy intensities. This article used the Input-Output (IO) method and sensitivity analysis to study the effects of carbon tax on welfare distribution of South African households, using the 2014-2015 Living Conditions Survey (LCS). The study also set out to determine the relative sensitivity of price changes of some building materials after application of the 2019 carbon tax. Results showed that non-ferrous, ferrous, and prefabricated-based building materials had higher relative price sensitivities to carbon tax compared to other materials that were predominantly based on glass, cement, and treated metals. Increases in carbon tax may not discourage usage of relatively higher emissions-intensity materials like cement compared to wood. Operational building costs were dominated by electricity costs, with the burden being highest for lower income households. Any revenue-recycling efforts of the 2019 carbon tax for welfare purposes were marginal. However, the tax can be used to subsidize energy for lower income households.
Social housing as a catalyst towards net-zero carbon building in the mitigation of climate change in South Africa
Authors: Vawda Zakiyyah , Hugo Jan
Published: February 2023

Since low-income and social housing are among the most vulnerable built environments to climate change, this article evaluates the energy performance of social housing in the context of enabling net-zero carbon social housing in South Africa (SA). It seeks to investigate how improved and conscious energy-efficient design in the context of social housing contributes toward a climate change mitigation response in SA. The article analyses energy use and indoor comfort, based on ASHRAE 55-2004 Standard, of two social housing case studies to review the potential of the social housing sector to contribute to the national climate mitigating agenda. The findings highlight that the housing provision itself is not an adequate response, but that bio-climatic design solutions with appropriate spatial and material choices, along with efficient envelope articulation, play a critical role in lowering energy use and improving user comfort. There is, however, a need to challenge the growing advent of (energy-) inefficient and carbon-intensive social housing in SA and simultaneously address the parallel crisis of homelessness, to enable a sustainable future for the built environment.
Academic self-esteem and its relationship to practicing extracurricular activities among university students
Authors: Abdel Aal Hasnaa Mohamed Mohamed
Published: February 2023

This research aims at determining the level of academic self-esteem among female university students and identifying the differences between students practicing and not practicing extracurricular activities in their academic self-esteem level. A group of two hundred female university students of different academic levels and disciplines (kindergarten, special education, computer sciences, home economics, Arabic language, and Islamic Studies) was selected after applying the form of practicing extracurricular activities. For data collection, the academic self-esteem scale was applied to them. Results revealed a low level of academic self-esteem among the research sample and a low level of practicing extracurricular activities. Besides, results indicated that there were no statistically significant differences between the mean scores of both students practicing and not-practicing extracurricular activities in their academic self-esteem in general and in its three dimensions (awareness of academic capabilities, academic self-image, and expectations of academic success and failure). Research results were discussed in light of the previous related literature and further research suggestions were provided to researchers and stakeholders.
Keywords: academic self-esteem, extracurricular activities
Landslide Soil Failure Parameters Characterization Using Geoelectrical Resistivity Methods in Uruagu, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria
Authors: Uwaezuoke Charles Chinedu , Airen Osariere John
Published: February 2023

Electrical Resistivity Imaging (ERI) and Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) were deployed over Uruagu landslide area. The main purpose of the geoelectrical resistivity surveys was to characterize the landslide failure parameters in order to identify the soil failure mechanisms. Ten profiles of 2D Electrical Resistivity Imaging (ERI) measuring 200 m each, and thirty Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES), with three VES along each profile, were executed. Nine of the ten profiles were executed within the landslide site while one profile was executed in a residential street as a control profile. Four soil samples were also taken for physical and geotechnical laboratory index analysis. The PASI resistivity meter was used for the geoelectrical resistivity measurements. The Wenner-Schlumberger array was deployed for the ERI with a minimum electrode spacing of 10 m. The Schlumberger array was deployed for the VES with a maximum current spacing of 130 m. ERI resistivity data analysis involved inversion using RES2DINV software package involving mean model residual and construction of iso-apparent resistivity contour maps. VES resistivity data analysis involved calculated parameters from plotted field data on log-log graph then used as initial models in an iterative forward modeling WinResist software package. The results of the ERI and VES for the control profile reveal that the subsurface strata are originally composed of silty clay of resistivity values (16.7 – 60.9) Ωm, clayey silty sand having resistivity values (116 – 800) Ωm and sandstone layer with resistivity values (>814 Ωm). The ERI and VES results for the devastated landslide site reveal counteraction material of resistivity values (>814 Ωm), colluvia and regoliths (116 - 300 Ωm) and variably wet weathered sandstones of resistivity values (<60.9 Ωm). The laboratory results revealed the landslide site is majorly composed of silty sandy clay, silty clay, sandy silty clay and sandstones as the pre-landslide existing lithologies. The natural water content ranges from 10.6% to 14.0%. The liquid limit ranges from 44.0% to 46.0%, the plastic limit ranges from 15.0% to 17.0% and the plasticity index from 28.0% to 29.1%. The geophysical and laboratory results revealed consistency in the lithological units in agreement to the characteristic geology of the study area. The landslide site has high gully slope gradients and collects large volume of floods during intense rainy season. These soils during intense rainfall, imbibe more water, following their high plasticity, slid along the sandstone to activate the soil failure.