bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the local decoupling of livestock and cropland in the Huang-Huai-Hai region
Authors: Du Zhiwei , Liu Yuexian , Ding Jingtao , Zou Guoyuan , Hu Zhengyi , Zhang Ruili
Published: July 2022

Decoupling livestock and cropland production at regional scale have poor resource-use efficiency and detrimental effects on environment in China. It is therefore necessary to identify the decoupled livestock and cropland production system and make recommendations to recouple livestock and cropland. This study used the indexes of land carrying capacity (LCC), animal manure absorption capacity (AMAC), and risk warning value (R) to evaluate the coupling between cropland and livestock at the local scale in the Huang-Huai-Hai region. The decoupling of cropland and livestock in the case of Beijing (SY_BJ) was found assessed with lower theoretical value of LCC and higher theoretical value of AMAC compared with local actual situation, categorized as grade IV with a high R value (above 1). Contrary results were found that the livestock and cropland production systems were coupled at the local scale in the cases located in Hebei and Shandong Provinces, categorized as grade I or II. Two measures were used to optimize the decoupled case by adjusting the ratio of manure to fertilization or reducing breeding quantity. The decoupled case of SY_BJ could be optimized by adjusting the ratio of manure to fertilization (95.34% based on nitrogen and 81.97% based on phosphorus, respectively). The breeding quantity in this case should be reduced by at least 46% to recouple the livestock and cropland at the local level to manage nutrient surpluses from livestock and poultry breeding.
Uptake and photoinduced degradation of phthalic acid esters (PAEs) in Ulva lactuca highlight its potential application in environmental bioremediation
Authors: Savoca Dario , Lo Coco Riccardo , Melfi Raffaella , Pace Andrea
Published: July 2022

The bioaccumulation of phthalates was studied in fragments of Ulva lactuca exposed for a maximum of 31 days at different concentrations of a solution of six phthalic acid esters (PAEs). The algal matrix showed rapid uptake since the first sampling, which increased over the time of the experimental period, at the end of which seaweed’s bioaccumulation potential was also evaluated. After the uptake, the algal matrix was subjected to UV irradiation in order to verify the removal of the phthalates. PAEs with higher octanol–water partition coefficients (logKow) and molecular weights were preferentially uptaken by U. lactuca in all the exposure experiments. It was observed that both accumulation (biota-sediment accumulation factor (log10BSAF) ranging from 3.75 to 4.02) and photodegradation (higher than 70% removal for all phthalates in 8 h) are more efficient at lower concentration levels. These results suggest the potential use of the algal matrices for environmental bioremediation, in order to mitigate the impact of pollution from ubiquitous pollutants such as PAEs.
Influence of plastic fines content on the liquefaction susceptibility of sands: cyclic loading
Authors: Goudarzy Meisam , Sarkar Debdeep , Wichtmann Torsten
Published: July 2022

The paper presents an experimental study on the effect of plastic fines content on the undrained behavior and liquefaction susceptibility of sand-fines mixtures under cyclic loading. The results of undrained cyclic triaxial tests conducted on mixtures of Hostun sand with varying amounts (0–20%) and types (kaolin and calcigel bentonite) of plastic fines are presented. The specimens were prepared with different initial densities using the moist tamping method, consolidated at the same isotropic effective stress of 100 kPa and subjected to different deviatoric stress amplitudes. From the experimental observations, it was found that sand-clay mixtures with 10% or 20% clay content showed a lower cyclic liquefaction resistance than pure sand. Furthermore, the reduction in the cyclic stress ratio resulting in liquefaction after twenty cycles was found larger for sand-kaolin mixtures than for the sand-calcigel ones. Possible explanations are provided.
Health-Economic Evaluation of the German Osteoporotic Fracture Prevention Program in Rural Areas (OFRA): Mobility and Falls Prevention Classes, Examination of Bone Health, and Consultation on Safety in the Living Environment
Authors: Konnopka Claudia , Büchele Gisela , Rothenbacher Dietrich , Roigk Patrick , Rapp Kilian , König Hans-Helmut
Published: July 2022

Background

Fragility fractures are one of the leading causes of disability in older adults. Yet, evidence for effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of preventive approaches combining bone health and fall prevention is rare.

Objective

To conduct a health-economic evaluation of the German osteoporotic fracture prevention program in rural areas (OFRA).

Design

Secondary cluster–randomized intervention study based on routine data.

Participants

All districts in five federal states in Germany were cluster-randomized as intervention or control districts. OFRA was offered to community-living (a) women aged 75–79 years or (b) women and men aged 70–84 years with a prior fragility fracture in the intervention districts. Individuals who meet these criteria in the control districts were assigned to the control group.

Intervention

OFRA comprised mobility and falls prevention classes, examination of bone health by bone density measurement, and consultation on safety in the home living environment.

Main Measures

We measured health-care costs and effectiveness in terms of time to fragility fracture or death within 1 year after initial contact, based on health insurance claims data. Implementation costs were recorded by the intervention performers. We calculated an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) and employed the net-benefit approach to construct a cost-effectiveness acceptability curve (CEAC).

Key Results

There were 9408 individuals in the intervention group and 27,318 in the control group. Mean time to fragility fracture or death (difference: 0.82 days) and health-care costs (difference: 111.73€, p < .01) were reduced, but mean intervention costs (difference: 260.10€) increased total costs (difference: 148.37€, p < .001) in the intervention group. The ICER per fracture-free year of survival was 66,094.63€. The CEAC showed no acceptable probability of cost-effectiveness at a reasonable willingness to pay.

Conclusion

OFRA showed reduced rates of fragility fractures, but had high implementation costs, resulting in an unfavorable ICER. The cost-effectiveness of OFRA may improve with a longer follow-up.
Tunnel-structured willemite Zn2SiO4: Electronic structure, elastic, and thermal properties
Authors: Dai Ruqiao , Cheng Renfei , Wang Jiemin , Zhang Chao , Li Cuiyu , Wang Hailong , Wang Xiaohui , Zhou Yanchun
Published: July 2022

Willemite Zn2SiO4 crystallizes in such a way that Zn and Si are tetrahedrally coordinated with O in an ionic-covalent manner to form ZnO4 and SiO4 tetrahedra as the building units. The tetrahedra are corner-sharing, of which one SiO4 tetrahedron connects eight ZnO4 tetrahedra, and one ZnO4 tetrahedron links four ZnO4 tetrahedra and four SiO4 tetrahedra. The unique crystallographic configuration gives rise to parallel tunnels with a diameter of 5.7 Å along the c-axis direction. The tunnel structure of Zn2SiO4 definitely correlates with its interesting elastic and thermal properties. On the one hand, the elastic modulus, coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), and thermal conductivity are low. Zn2SiO4 has low Vickers hardness of 6.6 GPa at 10 N and low thermal conductivity of 2.34 W/(m·K) at 1073 K. On the other hand, the elastic modulus and CTE along the c-axis are significantly larger than those along the a- and b-axes, showing obvious elastic and thermal expansion anisotropy. Specifically, the Young’s modulus along the z direction (Ez = 179 GPa) is almost twice those in the x and y directions (Ex = Ey = 93 GPa). The high thermal expansion anisotropy is ascribed to the empty tunnels along the c-axis, which are capable of more accommodating the thermal expansion along the a- and b-axes. The striking properties of Zn2SiO4 in elastic modulus, hardness, CTE, and thermal conductivity make it much useful in various fields of ceramics, such as low thermal expansion, thermal insulation, and machining tools.
Online Communities and Gambling Behaviors — a Systematic Review
Authors: Savolainen Iina , Sirola Anu , Vuorinen Ilkka , Mantere Eerik , Oksanen Atte
Published: July 2022

Purpose of Review

The internet and virtual environments have enabled the formation of online communities around a variety of interests. Online communities focused on gambling are increasingly popular and attract users to interact and share ideas and experiences with likeminded others. This study reviews evidence from the latest research examining the role of online communities in gambling behaviors and gambling problems.

Recent Findings

A systematic literature search resulted in 17 studies. Research shows that online communities are used for diverse reasons like discussing gambling experiences and problems, sharing tips, and celebrating winnings with others. These reasons of online community use can have both adaptive and maladaptive implications. Online gambling communities often grow through social means by inviting friends or social media contacts to join. Active users of online gambling communities are more likely at-risk or problem gamblers.

Online communities have an increasingly central role in learning about gambling, continuing, and spreading of gambling behaviors. Participation in communities that support harmful gambling habits involves risks for problem gambling.
The Late Middle Palaeolithic Occupation of Abri du Maras (Layer 1, Neronian, Southeast France): Integrating Lithic Analyses, ZooMS and Radiocarbon Dating to Reconstruct Neanderthal Hunting Behaviour
Authors: Ruebens Karen , Sinet-Mathiot Virginie , Talamo Sahra , Smith Geoff M. , Welker Frido , Hublin Jean-Jacques , McPherron Shannon P.
Published: July 2022

The exact strategies and technologies underlying Neanderthal hunting events remain open for debate with lithic points being sparse across the European Middle Palaeolithic. An exception is the Neronian entity in southeast France, defined by ventrally retouched Soyons points. This study contextualises one of the largest Neronian assemblages, layer 1 at Abri du Maras. Our lithic analyses focussed on attributes described as indicative of projectile use or hafting to contextualise the morphometric and technological characteristics of the pointed implements at an assemblage level. We found that retouched points were made on a variety of blank types (including Levallois, laminar and discoidal flaking techniques) and ventral retouch is present across different artefact types (including points, scrapers and denticulates). Next, these lithic data were compared to similar typo-technological data recorded on a sample from the recently excavated and well-contextualised point-rich layer 4.1 of Abri du Maras (MIS-3). Zooarchaeology by Mass Spectrometry (ZooMS) was applied to 280 faunal remains from layer 1 and indicated significant proportions of equids, bovids, cervids and reindeer. Carnivore remains and carnivore modifications are absent, while human bone surface modifications are present across a variety of species. Five bones had sufficient collagen for radiocarbon dating but returned dates younger than expected (ca. 41–31 ka cal BP). Finally, we place Abri du Maras layer 1 in its broader regional context and discuss its relation to other Neronian assemblages and more general problematics inherent to studying material from old excavations.
Enhancing of nutritional properties of quinoa fermented by probiotics
Authors: Abdelshafy Asem Mahmoud , El-Naggar Eid A. , Kenawi Mohamed N.
Published: July 2022

Fermentation of quinoa by probiotics provides higher nutritional value and can be considered as a significant source of bioactive compounds and alive probiotics for the human body. Moringa leaves powder (MLP) at the levels of 0.25 and 0.50% were used as an additional prebiotic source to supply quinoa fermentation by Lactobacillus plantaram ATCC 14917 and Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. Bulgaricus EMCC 11102 and produce healthier quinoa products. The results indicated that supplementation of fermented quinoa products with MLP at bath levels increased its contents of free phenolics and water extractable arabinoxylans as well as enhanced its antioxidant activity and phytate degradation. Fermented quinoa products with 0.50% MLP showed better chemical properties than fermented quinoa products with 0.25% MLP. Furthermore, supplementation of fermented quinoa products with MLP (0.50%) displayed positive effects on blood glucose levels of the experimental rats. Further studies are required on the test of more kinds of probiotics with different concentration of MLP in quinoa fermentation in the future.
Integration of Computational Analysis and Spatial Transcriptomics in Single-Cell Studies
Authors: Wang Ran , Peng Guangdun , Tam Patrick P.L. , Jing Naihe
Published: July 2022

Recent advances of single-cell transcriptomics technologies and allied computational methodologies have revolutionized molecular cell biology. Meanwhile, pioneering explorations in spatial transcriptomics have opened up avenues to address fundamental biological questions in health and diseases. Here, we review the technical attributes of single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics, and the core concepts of computational data analysis. We further highlight the challenges in the application of data integration methodologies and the interpretation of the biological context of the findings.
THE PERMUTATIONS WITH n NON-FIXED POINTS AND THE SEQUENCES WITH LENGTH n OF A SET
Authors: NUNTASRI JUKKRID , VEJJAJIVA PIMPEN
Published: July 2022

We write
$\mathcal {S}_n(A)$
for the set of permutations of a set A with n non-fixed points and
$\mathrm {{seq}}^{1-1}_n(A)$
for the set of one-to-one sequences of elements of A with length n where n is a natural number greater than
$1$
. With the Axiom of Choice,
$|\mathcal {S}_n(A)|$
and
$|\mathrm {{seq}}^{1-1}_n(A)|$
are equal for all infinite sets A. Among our results, we show, in ZF, that
$|\mathcal {S}_n(A)|\leq |\mathrm {{seq}}^{1-1}_n(A)|$
for any infinite set A if
${\mathrm {AC}}_{\leq n}$
is assumed and this assumption cannot be removed. In the other direction, we show that
$|\mathrm {{seq}}^{1-1}_n(A)|\leq |\mathcal {S}_{n+1}(A)|$
for any infinite set A and the subscript
$n+1$
cannot be reduced to n. Moreover, we also show that “
$|\mathcal {S}_n(A)|\leq |\mathcal {S}_{n+1}(A)|$
for any infinite set A” is not provable in ZF.
Marching the Victorious March: Populism and Memory Appropriation of the Yugoslav Partisans in Today’s Serbia
Authors: Đureinović Jelena
Published: July 2022

This article examines the changing paradigms in the official politics of memory as linked to the rise of populism and authoritarian democracy in Serbia, focusing on the appropriation of the People’s Liberation Movement and the victory against fascism in the Second World War. The article places the memory of the Second World War in the framework of anticommunism and ethnicization as dominant prisms of historical interpretation within state-sanctioned memory politics in contemporary Serbia. Understanding the populist memory politics in Serbia as based on the dichotomy of heroism and victimhood, this article focuses on the heroic aspect of the dominant narratives as exemplified in the notion of Serbia’s liberation wars. The Victory Day and Day of Liberation of Belgrade are in focus as the most prominent commemorative events that illuminate the tendency of memory appropriation. After theoretical consideration about authoritarianism in Serbia, populism and memory politics and a brief background on the notion of liberation wars, the article moves on to the analysis of memory politics. The study is based on media discourses, state papers and observation of official commemorations and practices.
Grounded Nationalisms in Time and Space: Response to Erin Jenne, Eleanor Knott, and Harris Mylonas
Authors: Malešević Siniša
Published: July 2022

It is a great pleasure to respond to these perceptive, inquisitive, and thought-provoking comments of Jenne, Knott, and Mylonas on my “Grounded Nationalisms: A Sociological Analysis” (2019). They all bring up many important questions, which would require elaborate explanations that I cannot provide in this short format. Hence, I will try to offer succinct answers to some of the key points they raise. My response is organized around the three grouped themes – a) theory; b) concepts and c) methodology.
Folic acid supplementation in pregnant women with hepatitis B surface antigen improves infant hepatitis B surface antibody mediated by infant IL-4
Authors: Li Yandi , Lian Jia , Yi Linzhu , Yao Tian , Feng Shuying , Wang Bo , Li Junli , Wang Suping , Feng Yongliang
Published: July 2022

Immunoprophylaxis has not completely eliminated hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection due to hyporesponsiveness to hepatitis B vaccine (HepB). We explored the impact of folic acid supplementation (FAS) in pregnant women with positive hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) on their infant hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) and the mediation effect of infant interleukin-4 (IL-4). We recruited HBsAg-positive mothers and their neonates at baseline. Maternal FAS was obtained via a questionnaire, and neonatal anti-HBs and IL-4 were detected. Follow-up was performed at 11–13 months of age of infants, when anti-HBs and IL-4 were measured. We applied univariate and multivariate analyses. A mediation effect model was performed to explore the mediating role of IL-4. A total of 399 mother–neonate pairs were enrolled and 195 mother–infant pairs were eligible for this analysis. The infant anti-HBs geometric mean concentrations in the maternal FAS group were significnatly higher than those in the no-FAS group (383·8 mIU/ml, 95 % CI: 294·2 mIU/ml to 500·7 mIU/ml v. 217·0 mIU/ml, 95 % CI: 147·0 mIU/ml to 320·4 mIU/ml, z = –3·2, P = 0·001). Infants born to women who took folic acid (FA) within the first trimester were more likely to have high anti-HBs titres (adjusted β-value = 194·1, P = 0·003). The fold change in IL-4 from neonates to infants partially mediated the beneficial influence of maternal FAS on infant anti-HBs (24·7 % mediation effect) after adjusting for confounding factors. FAS during the first trimester to HBsAg-positive mothers could facilitate higher anti-HBs levels in infants aged 11–13 months partly by upregulating IL-4 in infants.
Market Return Around the Clock: A Puzzle
Authors: Bondarenko Oleg , Muravyev Dmitriy
Published: July 2022

We study how the market return depends on the time of the day using E-mini S&P 500 futures actively traded around the clock. Strikingly, 4 hours around European open account for the entire average market return. This period’s returns have a 1.6 Sharpe ratio and remain high after transaction costs. Average returns are a noisy zero during the remaining 20 hours. High returns are consistent with European investors processing information accumulated overnight and thus resolving uncertainty. Indeed, uncertainty reflected by VIX futures prices rises overnight and falls around European open. The results are stronger during the 2020 COVID crisis.
Long-term functional outcomes in tumour stage T2 glottic carcinoma after radiotherapy
Authors: Hendriksma M , Heijnen B J , Verbist B M , de Jong M A , Langeveld A P M , van Benthem P P G , Sjögren E V
Published: July 2022

Objective

To evaluate the long-term functional outcomes in patients who received primary radiotherapy for tumour–node stage T2N0 glottic carcinoma, stratified for tumour extension.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was performed on patients who were treated with radiotherapy for T2N0 glottic carcinoma. Four questionnaires were used to measure different aspects of functional outcome. In addition, objective evaluation and perceptual analysis were performed.

Results

Fourteen patients were included in this study. The median time between the start of radiotherapy and assessment was 42 months (range, 26–143 months). Patients reported high-level functioning, with low symptom scores and good swallowing function, and showed a median dysphonia grade of 1.5. The median Voice Handicap Index-30 score was 17.5.

Conclusion

Patients with T2N0 glottic carcinoma treated with radiotherapy had good long-term quality of life, with low symptom scores, good swallowing functioning and slightly elevated voice outcome parameters.
Taxation in Namibia: an everyday political practice without deliberation and influence
Authors: Söderström Johanna
Published: July 2022

Tax compliance is a major concern as states try to increase state revenues in order to provide services for their populations. Remarkably, taxation has not figured centrally on the agenda among scholars working on the African voter. This article contributes through studying the social practice of taxes, by asking: how is taxation understood as a political practice? This is studied using focus groups across the private and public sector in Namibia, where the willingness to pay taxes and the relative tax burden is high. This micro-study of citizens’ experiences focuses on the perceived room for political practice in relation to taxes, sense of influence over taxes and whether taxes are thought about in citizenship terms. The article shows that taxes are relegated to a sphere of politics where deliberation and opportunities for accountability are missing, yet ideas of duty are central elements of tax compliance.
Youth leadership for development: contradictions of Africa's growing leadership pipeline
Authors: Strong Krystal , Kallon Kelly Christiana
Published: July 2022

Over the past decade, hundreds of youth leadership initiatives have been established globally with the mission of grooming a new generation of leaders. This paper examines this largely unstudied and rapidly expanding leadership pipeline based on an ongoing study, which has collected data on 277 programmes that: target African youth, offer educational training or professional development, and have goals of cultivating leaders who will contribute to African development; and interviewed and surveyed 240 youth participants. Our purpose is twofold: (1) we offer an overview of the organisational approaches of these initiatives, which reveal a global ecosystem within and beyond Africa that is investing billions of dollars into youth leadership. Then, using case studies of the African Leadership Academy and University, and the Young African Leadership Initiative, (2) we ask what their tendency toward elite-driven strategies, corporate leadership models, and foreign collaboration may indicate about their larger politics and likely impact.
Dust particle charging process in a radio frequency sheath of plasma containing kappa distribution electrons
Authors: Ou Jing , Long J.M.
Published: July 2022

Based on self-consistent modelling of the radio-frequency sheath parameters, such as the ion and electron densities and the ion velocity, the dust particle charging process in an RF sheath is investigated by employing the kappa$(\kappa )$distribution for the electrons. It is shown that the charge number of the dust particle decreases near the sheath–wall interface while it shows the opposite tendency near the plasma-sheath edge, as the$\kappa$value is decreased. The fluctuation of the dust particle charge modified by the$\kappa$value depends on the dust particle radius. With an increases in the$\kappa$value, the fluctuation of the dust particle charge has a slight increase for a small dust particle, and it shows a significant increase for a large dust particle. In addition, as the$\kappa$value is decreased, the charge number of the dust particle obtained from the time-averaged plasma parameters deviates from the results obtained from the instantaneous plasma parameters. Moreover, a smaller deviation can be found for a large dust particle under the same$\kappa$value conditions.
Women take risks to help others to stay alive
Authors: Eagly Alice H.
Published: July 2022

Evidence that women voluntarily expose themselves to some threats more than men do challenges the generalizability of the claim that women exceed men in self-protective responses. Examples include women's higher rates of living organ donation and rescuing Jews during the holocaust. In general, women's efforts to keep other people alive can take precedence over their efforts to protect themselves.
Sex-dependent selection, ageing, and implications for “staying alive”
Authors: Brooks Robert C. , Blake Khandis R.
Published: July 2022

Incorporating theoretic insights from ageing biology could advance the “staying alive” hypothesis. Higher male extrinsic mortality can weaken selection against ageing-related diseases and self-preservation, leading to high male intrinsic mortality. This may incidentally result in female-biased longevity-promoting traits, a possibility that will require rigorous testing in order to disentangle from the adaptive self-preservation hypothesis presented in the target article.
Verdi, Auber and the Aida-type
Authors: Blaszkiewicz Jacek
Published: July 2022

This article presents a literary genealogy of the titular character in Verdi's Aida. While scholars have explored the opera's resonances with late nineteenth-century conceptions of Orientalism, Blackness and the imagined ‘East’, Aida's etymology and character traits reflect a much broader archetype that extends back a century from its 1871 premiere. Her name is not Egyptian or Ethiopian but Greek, and her backstory was modelled on characters named ‘Haidée’ and ‘Haydée’ who appeared in works by Lord Byron and Alexandre Dumas fils, as well as in a celebrated opéra comique by Daniel Auber. Aida was thus an assemblage of ready-made character archetypes and scenarios rather than an author's sui generis depiction of non-Western culture. An intertextual reading of Aida offers a broader perspective on alterity in the nineteenth century, which eschewed geographical specificity for archetypes, quotations and allusions. It also offers another way to confront claims of authenticity made by current-day defenders of brownface in Verdi's work.
Paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome in a neonate with CHD: case description and current issues in children with CHD
Authors: Rackauskaite Saulene , Lipnevicius Arturas , Sendzikaitė Skaiste
Published: July 2022

We present a case of possible vertical COVID-19 transmission-related paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome in a neonate with CHD. Myocarditis and supraventricular tachycardia along with hepatic injury and renal failure were diagnosed on a background of mild aortic valve stenosis; the patient was successfully treated with immunomodulation. Since paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome can affect the heart, we could consider neonates with haemodynamically insignificant CHD to be at a higher risk of fatal outcomes. Issues related to early diagnosis and management need to be addressed.
Pregnancy and Obstetric Emergencies Handled by Emergency Medical Response Services in the Dadra and Nagar Haveli: A Brick-by-Brick Analysis
Authors: Khan Vikram , Sanghai Ankush A. , Zala D.B. , Das V.K.
Published: July 2022

Background:

The access of pregnant women to an appropriate health facility plays a crucial role in preventing maternal deaths. In the last decade, many new steps have been taken in the direction of making motherhood safe, one of them being the availability of free Emergency Medical Response Services (EMRS). In the present investigation, various variables were analyzed of the EMRS which provides services to pregnant women of the tribal district of Western India.

Methods:

This study is a descriptive analysis of EMRS provided to pregnant women from January 1, 2013 through December 31, 2020. The number of expected pregnancies was obtained from the state data center and the variables related to the benefitted pregnant women were generated with the EMRS tracking software.

Results:

The results of this study showed that 93.59% of pregnant women benefitted from these services in the last six years as compared to the estimated number of pregnancies. Whereas in the case of obstetric emergencies, 85.02% of pregnant women benefitted. Most of the beneficiaries were tribal, in the age group of 20-35 years, with lower socio-economic strata. More than 98.0% of pregnant women decided to take the delivery facility in the public hospitals. Across the district, ambulances had to travel less than 10km to cater to 89.0% of pregnant women.

Conclusion:

The convenient access of EMRS to pregnant women can improve the indicators of maternal and child health and reduce the risk of maternal death and home delivery.
On the Foundations of Grounding in Answer Set Programming
Authors: KAMINSKI ROLAND , SCHAUB TORSTEN
Published: July 2022

We provide a comprehensive elaboration of the theoretical foundations of variable instantiation, or grounding, in Answer Set Programming (ASP). Building on the semantics of ASP’s modeling language, we introduce a formal characterization of grounding algorithms in terms of (fixed point) operators. A major role is played by dedicated well-founded operators whose associated models provide semantic guidance for delineating the result of grounding along with on-the-fly simplifications. We address an expressive class of logic programs that incorporates recursive aggregates and thus amounts to the scope of existing ASP modeling languages. This is accompanied with a plain algorithmic framework detailing the grounding of recursive aggregates. The given algorithms correspond essentially to the ones used in the ASP grounder gringo.
Low profile multi-polarization diversity UWB antenna for body centric communications
Authors: Kanagasabai Malathi , Sambandam Padmathilagam , Alsath Mohammed Gulam Nabi , Murugesan Vikneshwaran , Palaniswamy Sandeepkumar , Shrivastav Arunkumar
Published: July 2022

A low-profile multi-polarized MIMO ultra-wideband antenna suitable for body-centric communications is reported. MIMO configuration is achieved using the symmetric heptagonal monopole (SHM) antenna, a mirrored SHM antenna, an asymmetric ruby-shaped monopole (ARSM) antenna, and a mirrored ARSM antenna placed over the modified C-shaped ground plane (MCGP). The proposed antenna elements are designed to achieve resonance for the entire ultra-wideband frequency range. The SHM antenna is coupled with a co-planar waveguide to produce linear polarization. An ARSM antenna generates circular polarization utilizing an asymmetric geometry both in the radiator and a truncated ground plane. Both the SHM antenna and an ARSM antenna are aligned face-to-face over an MCGP plane and good isolation >15 dB is realized between the antenna elements. The gain and total efficiency for linear polarized and the circularly polarized antennas are 3.05–4.8 dBi/48–66% and from 2.8 to 5 dBic/52 to 70.5%, respectively. The specific absorption rate values are evaluated to understand their suitability for WBAN communications.
Steppes to Health: How the Climate-Kumys Cure Shaped a New Steppe Imaginary
Authors: Peterson Maya
Published: July 2022

This paper examines the rise of the “climate-kumys cure” in late imperial Russia and how it shaped perceptions of the steppes as a “curative place.” By positing that kumys (fermented mare's milk), a traditional food produced by steppe nomads, interacted with unique qualities of the steppe climate—including aromatic air, abundant sunshine, cool forest groves, rich feathergrasses, and brilliant wildflowers—to cure tuberculosis patients of their symptoms, the climate-kumys cure produced an imaginary of the steppes that contrasted with traditional Russian views of the steppes as barren, monotonous, and even dangerous. Knowledge about the steppe climate produced by proponents of the climate-kumys cure harmonized with Soviet medical professionals’ ideas about forging workers’ bodies and restoring their minds. An understanding of the steppes as healthy, however, did not stop the spread of disease, nor did it lead to preservation. Even as the climate-kumys cure rose in popularity, the steppes that had given rise to kumys were vanishing.
Nomadic Nobles: Pastoralism and Privilege in the Russian Empire
Authors: Sultangalieva Gulmira , Tuleshova Ulzhan , Werth Paul W.
Published: July 2022

Probing the manner in which Kazakhs attained noble status in the Russian empire, this article explores a neglected aspect of the country's social history. Recognizing that nobility is typically associated with landowning in a feudal order, we explore how this status also found application in the steppe. Based on diverse sources and comparison with other ethnic elites, we regard Kazakh ennoblement not only as a way of recognizing a traditional nomadic aristocracy, but also as a method of creating a new native elite beneficial to Russia's colonial project. We likewise propose that the distinctive character of nomads’ pastoral lifeways differentiated the Kazakh nobility from their Russian counterparts and prevented them from making full use of noble privileges. The article thus explores the nature of Russia's social order by interrogating its margins and contemplates both the possibilities and limits of social inclusion for Russia's ethnically and culturally diverse population.
Postwar Rebuilding and Resettlements in the Soviet Union: A Case of Azeri Migration
Authors: Goff Krista
Published: July 2022

Mass population movements of Soviet residents—deportees, evacuees, accused kulaks, refugees, soldiers, and others—are a characteristic feature of early Soviet history. Some of these forms of migratory violence peaked during the experience of total war in the 1940s, but others continued well past the cessation of wartime hostilities. This was the case in the South Caucasus, which narrowly avoided German occupation and the mass civilian upheaval that stalked other parts of the Soviet Union, but nonetheless hosted successive wartime and postwar migrations that disrupted local communities.
Long‐Term Variation in Mesozooplankton Biomass Caused by Top‐Down Effects: A Case Study in the Coastal Sea of Japan
Authors: Kodama T. , Igeta Y. , Iguchi N.
Published: July 2022

Mesozooplankton is a key group for the recruitment of fish and global biogeochemical cycles. Four decadal observations in the coastal Sea of Japan, the marginal sea of the North Pacific, indicate that wet weight‐based mesozooplankton biomass is controlled by both environment‐induced bottom‐up and predatory‐induced top‐down processes. Interannual variations in mesozooplankton biomass using a generalized linear model approach showed a decrease in biomass during the 1980s, followed by a rapid increase in the early 1990s, and a gradual decrease in the 2010s. These interannual variations were the mirror image of those seen small pelagic planktivorous fish biomass. The difference in zooplankton biomass from the previous year was positively correlated with that of the Pacific decadal oscillation index and negatively with that of fish biomass. The latter was supported by a Granger causality analysis. Therefore, top‐down control is one of the main causes of long‐term variations of zooplankton biomass in the ocean.
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A/B: an emerging group of cancer biomarkers and therapeutic targets
Authors: Lu Ya , Wang Xinyue , Gu Quan , Wang Juan , Sui Ying , Wu Jianzhong , Feng Jifeng
Published: July 2022

Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A/B (hnRNPA/B) is one of the core members of the RNA binding protein (RBP) hnRNPs family, including four main subtypes, A0, A1, A2/B1 and A3, which share the similar structure and functions. With the advance in understanding the molecular biology of hnRNPA/B, it has been gradually revealed that hnRNPA/B plays a critical role in almost the entire steps of RNA life cycle and its aberrant expression and mutation have important effects on the occurrence and progression of various cancers. This review focuses on the clinical significance of hnRNPA/B in various cancers and systematically summarizes its biological function and molecular mechanisms.
Frequency spectra and the color of cellular noise
Authors: Gupta Ankit , Khammash Mustafa
Published: July 2022

The invention of the Fourier integral in the 19th century laid the foundation for modern spectral analysis methods. This integral decomposes a temporal signal into its frequency components, providing deep insights into its generating process. While this idea has precipitated several scientific and technological advances, its impact has been fairly limited in cell biology, largely due to the difficulties in connecting the underlying noisy intracellular networks to the frequency content of observed single-cell trajectories. Here we develop a spectral theory and computational methodologies tailored specifically to the computation and analysis of frequency spectra of noisy intracellular networks. Specifically, we develop a method to compute the frequency spectrum for general nonlinear networks, and for linear networks we present a decomposition that expresses the frequency spectrum in terms of its sources. Several examples are presented to illustrate how our results provide frequency-based methods for the design and analysis of noisy intracellular networks.
An analysis of 45 large-scale wastewater sites in England to estimate SARS-CoV-2 community prevalence
Authors: Morvan Mario , Jacomo Anna Lo , Souque Celia , Wade Matthew J. , Hoffmann Till , Pouwels Koen , Lilley Chris , Singer Andrew C. , Porter Jonathan , Evens Nicholas P. , Walker David I. , Bunce Joshua T. , Engeli Andrew , Grimsley Jasmine , O’Reilly Kathleen M. , Danon Leon
Published: July 2022

Accurate surveillance of the COVID-19 pandemic can be weakened by under-reporting of cases, particularly due to asymptomatic or pre-symptomatic infections, resulting in bias. Quantification of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater can be used to infer infection prevalence, but uncertainty in sensitivity and considerable variability has meant that accurate measurement remains elusive. Here, we use data from 45 sewage sites in England, covering 31% of the population, and estimate SARS-CoV-2 prevalence to within 1.1% of estimates from representative prevalence surveys (with 95% confidence). Using machine learning and phenomenological models, we show that differences between sampled sites, particularly the wastewater flow rate, influence prevalence estimation and require careful interpretation. We find that SARS-CoV-2 signals in wastewater appear 4–5 days earlier in comparison to clinical testing data but are coincident with prevalence surveys suggesting that wastewater surveillance can be a leading indicator for symptomatic viral infections. Surveillance for viruses in wastewater complements and strengthens clinical surveillance, with significant implications for public health.
Spatial tomography of light resolved in time, spectrum, and polarisation
Authors: Plöschner Martin , Morote Marcos Maestre , Dahl Daniel Stephen , Mounaix Mickael , Light Greta , Rakić Aleksandar D. , Carpenter Joel
Published: July 2022

Measuring polarisation, spectrum, temporal dynamics, and spatial complex amplitude of optical beams is essential to studying phenomena in laser dynamics, telecommunications and nonlinear optics. Current characterisation techniques apply in limited contexts. Non-interferometric methods struggle to distinguish spatial phase, while phase-sensitive approaches necessitate either an auxiliary reference source or a self-reference, neither of which is universally available. Deciphering complex wavefronts of multiple co-propagating incoherent fields remains particularly challenging. We harness principles of spatial state tomography to circumvent these limitations and measure a complete description of an unknown beam as a set of spectrally, temporally, and polarisation resolved spatial state density matrices. Each density matrix slice resolves the spatial complex amplitude of multiple mutually incoherent fields, which over several slices reveals the spectral or temporal evolution of these fields even when fields spectrally or temporally overlap. We demonstrate these features by characterising the spatiotemporal and spatiospectral output of a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser.
Revisiting stress-corrosion cracking and hydrogen embrittlement in 7xxx-Al alloys at the near-atomic-scale
Authors: López Freixes Martí , Zhou Xuyang , Zhao Huan , Godin Hélène , Peguet Lionel , Warner Timothy , Gault Baptiste
Published: July 2022

The high-strength 7xxx series aluminium alloys can fulfil the need for light, high strength materials necessary to reduce carbon-emissions, and are extensively used in aerospace for weight reduction purposes. However, as all major high-strength materials, these alloys can be sensitive to stress-corrosion cracking (SCC) through anodic dissolution and hydrogen embrittlement (HE). Here, we study at the near-atomic-scale the intra- and inter-granular microstructure ahead and in the wake of a propagating SCC crack. Moving away from model alloys and non-industry standard tests, we perform a double cantilever beam (DCB) crack growth test on an engineering 7xxx Al-alloy. H is found segregated to planar arrays of dislocations and to grain boundaries that we can associate to the combined effects of hydrogen-enhanced localised plasticity (HELP) and hydrogen-enhanced decohesion (HEDE) mechanisms. We report on a Mg-rich amorphous hydroxide on the corroded crack surface and evidence of Mg-related diffusional processes leading to dissolution of the strengthening η-phase precipitates ahead of the crack.
Carbodefluorination of fluoroalkyl ketones via a carbene-initiated rearrangement strategy
Authors: Li Linxuan , Zhang Xinyu , Ning Yongquan , Zhang Xiaolong , Liu Binbin , Zhang Zhansong , Sivaguru Paramasivam , Zanoni Giuseppe , Li Shuang , Anderson Edward A. , Bi Xihe
Published: July 2022

The C–F bond cleavage and C–C bond formation (i.e., carbodefluorination) of readily accessible (per)fluoroalkyl groups constitutes an atom-economical and efficient route to partially fluorinated compounds. However, the selective mono-carbodefluorination of trifluoromethyl (CF3) groups remains a challenge, due to the notorious inertness of C–F bond and the risk of over-defluorination arising from C–F bond strength decrease as the defluorination proceeds. Herein, we report a carbene-initiated rearrangement strategy for the carbodefluorination of fluoroalkyl ketones with β,γ-unsaturated alcohols to provide skeletally and functionally diverse α-mono- and α,α-difluoro-γ,δ-unsaturated ketones. The reaction starts with the formation of silver carbenes from fluoroalkylN-triftosylhydrazones, followed by nucleophilic attack of a β,γ-unsaturated alcohol to form key silver-coordinated oxonium ylide intermediates, which triggers selective C–F bond cleavage by HF elimination and C–C bond formation through Claisen rearrangement of in situ generated difluorovinyl ether. The origin of chemoselectivity and the reaction mechanism are determined by experimental and DFT calculations. Collectively, this strategy by an intramolecular cascade process offers significant advances over existing stepwise strategies in terms of selectivity, efficiency, functional group tolerance, etc.
Warming and redistribution of nitrogen inputs drive an increase in terrestrial nitrous oxide emission factor
Authors: Harris E. , Yu L. , Wang Y-P. , Mohn J. , Henne S. , Bai E. , Barthel M. , Bauters M. , Boeckx P. , Dorich C. , Farrell M. , Krummel P. B. , Loh Z. M. , Reichstein M. , Six J. , Steinbacher M. , Wells N. S. , Bahn M. , Rayner P.
Published: July 2022

Anthropogenic nitrogen inputs cause major negative environmental impacts, including emissions of the important greenhouse gas N2O. Despite their importance, shifts in terrestrial N loss pathways driven by global change are highly uncertain. Here we present a coupled soil-atmosphere isotope model (IsoTONE) to quantify terrestrial N losses and N2O emission factors from 1850-2020. We find that N inputs from atmospheric deposition caused 51% of anthropogenic N2O emissions from soils in 2020. The mean effective global emission factor for N2O was 4.3 ± 0.3% in 2020 (weighted by N inputs), much higher than the surface area-weighted mean (1.1 ± 0.1%). Climate change and spatial redistribution of fertilisation N inputs have driven an increase in global emission factor over the past century, which accounts for 18% of the anthropogenic soil flux in 2020. Predicted increases in fertilisation in emerging economies will accelerate N2O-driven climate warming in coming decades, unless targeted mitigation measures are introduced.
Therapeutic targeting of ATR in alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Dorado García Heathcliff , Pusch Fabian , Bei Yi , von Stebut Jennifer , Ibáñez Glorymar , Guillan Kristina , Imami Koshi , Gürgen Dennis , Rolff Jana , Helmsauer Konstantin , Meyer-Liesener Stephanie , Timme Natalie , Bardinet Victor , Chamorro González Rocío , MacArthur Ian C. , Chen Celine Y. , Schulz Joachim , Wengner Antje M. , Furth Christian , Lala Birgit , Eggert Angelika , Seifert Georg , Hundsoerfer Patrick , Kirchner Marieluise , Mertins Philipp , Selbach Matthias , Lissat Andrej , Dubois Frank , Horst David , Schulte Johannes H. , Spuler Simone , You Daoqi , Dela Cruz Filemon , Kung Andrew L. , Haase Kerstin , DiVirgilio Michela , Scheer Monika , Ortiz Michael V. , Henssen Anton G.
Published: July 2022

Despite advances in multi-modal treatment approaches, clinical outcomes of patients suffering from PAX3-FOXO1 fusion oncogene-expressing alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS) remain dismal. Here we show that PAX3-FOXO1-expressing ARMS cells are sensitive to pharmacological ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related protein (ATR) inhibition. Expression of PAX3-FOXO1 in muscle progenitor cells is not only sufficient to increase sensitivity to ATR inhibition, but PAX3-FOXO1-expressing rhabdomyosarcoma cells also exhibit increased sensitivity to structurally diverse inhibitors of ATR. Mechanistically, ATR inhibition leads to replication stress exacerbation, decreased BRCA1 phosphorylation and reduced homologous recombination-mediated DNA repair pathway activity. Consequently, ATR inhibitor treatment increases sensitivity of ARMS cells to PARP1 inhibition in vitro, and combined treatment with ATR and PARP1 inhibitors induces complete regression of primary patient-derived ARMS xenografts in vivo. Lastly, a genome-wide CRISPR activation screen (CRISPRa) in combination with transcriptional analyses of ATR inhibitor resistant ARMS cells identifies the RAS-MAPK pathway and its targets, the FOS gene family, as inducers of resistance to ATR inhibition. Our findings provide a rationale for upcoming biomarker-driven clinical trials of ATR inhibitors in patients suffering from ARMS.
The architecture of kinesin-3 KLP-6 reveals a multilevel-lockdown mechanism for autoinhibition
Authors: Wang Wenjuan , Ren Jinqi , Song Weiye , Zhang Yong , Feng Wei
Published: July 2022

Autoinhibition of kinesin-3 ensures the proper spatiotemporal control of the motor activity for intracellular transport, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, we determine the full-length structure of kinesin-3 KLP-6 in a compact self-folded state. Unexpectedly, all the internal coiled-coil segments and domains in KLP-6 cooperate to successively lock down the neck and motor domains. The first coiled-coil segment is melted into several short helices that work with the motor domain to restrain the entire neck domain. The second coiled-coil segment associates with its neighboring FHA and MBS domains and integrates with the tail MATH domain to form a supramodule that synergistically wraps around the motor domain to trap the nucleotide and hinder the microtubule binding. This multilevel-lockdown mechanism for autoinhibition could be applicable to other kinesin-3 motors.