bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Controversies and Possibilities of Teaching and Learning EIL Approach: A Case Study in Indonesia
Authors:   the Department of Education and Human Potential Development, Hua-Shih College of Education, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien, Taiwan, Simanjuntak Susi Andriani , Lien Hsi-Nancy
Published: November 2021

This study investigated the potentials and obstacles to learn and teach English as an international language (EIL) approach in one of senior high schools, in Tebing Tinggi. Indonesia. EIL is embracing the language variations among nations included native and nonnative English language. In our increasingly diverse communities, this approach is a talkback to the monolingual focus in ELT pedagogy and pay much attention to multilingual in the local and global communities and also situated English language education in global/local multilingualism. There were 6 English teachers and two classes (grade 1 and grade 2 which were approximately 60 students) in senior high school were interviewed designed to gain an understanding of both English teachers and students’ perspectives on English as international language (EIL) to get deep information about their tensions, conflicts, struggle, and challenges EIL teachers and students may experience before and after teaching and learning of EIL approach in five meetings. From this result, we could see there were some fertilities and infertilities that we got from implementing and acknowledging this approach. The fertilities that we cultivated were the students learned these topics as knowledge, embracing bright future of learning English, getting to know foreigners and countries, good experience with international friends, learn about their own country (transforming, reflecting themselves as Indonesia, proud to be Indonesia), well understanding the function of English, and fulfil the students’ needs. The other side, the infertilities of implementing EIL approach were they had deficit perspective toward themselves; they did not know about Englishes since it was never taught by their English teachers, bad environment from their community, their preferences and saw Englishes as an error and wrong perception about Englishes, and facilitation and resources as well. From the teachers’ perspective, there were also controversial and possibilities of teaching EIL in this school. They welcomed to the nature of English and getting to know EIL approach, well understanding of English as a tool for students’ future, and willing to pursue English teaching effectively. But, they concerned to the students’ problems, teaching beliefs, preferences, lack of understanding of English variation diversity, curriculum and textbooks. Those problems made them afraid to make any risk, little faith to apply EIL, and created two different worlds of English standard and nonstandard English. By seeing those results bear fruitful pedagogical implications for learning and teaching English, they are meta-awareness; broaden exposure of English learning and teaching, and open English pedagogy.
A Case Study on the Distribution of Thematic Progression Patterns in English Research Article
Authors:   Northwestern Polytechnical University, China, Ding Yuezhe
Published: November 2021

This study aims to investigate the distributive features of thematic progression patterns in research article and analyze the reasons that cause such features based on Halliday’s thematic structure theory and Huang Guowen’s model of thematic progression patterns. Results showed that concentrated progression mainly concentrated in Introduction section, while derived progression appeared most frequently in Methods section. This study found that the communicative goals of four sections in IMRD structure and the features of research article influenced the distribution of thematic progression patterns.
A Study on the Interpersonal Functions of Hedges in Academic Discourses
Authors:   Northwestern Polytechnical University, Chin, Chen Jie , Zhang Yi
Published: November 2021

Based on Hyland’s classification of hedges and Halliday’s theory of interpersonal functions, this study selected 30 research articles (RA) from Language Learning and English for Specific Purposes. This study employed software Antconc and manual checking to identify and tag hedges, investigating the distribution and interpersonal functions of hedges in the RAs. The main findings are: (1) Regarding the overall distribution, modal verbs are used most frequently, followed by epistemic adverbs, epistemic adjectives and epistemic verbs, and epistemic nouns are the least frequently used; (2) Hedges are most frequently used in the section of results and discussion. It is also found that hedges have the interpersonal functions of involving readers, coordinating the relationship between the author and the reader, highlighting the author’s stance and constructing the academic discourse groups.
The Application of Greco-Roman Mythology Learning in English Vocabulary Teaching from the Perspective of Etymology
Authors:   School of Foreign Studies, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, CO 710129 China, Fan Jia , Yu Sun ,   School of Foreign Studies and Art Education Center in Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, CO 710129 China
Published: November 2021

Language is the carrier of culture and culture nourishes language. According to statistics, 56% of the commonly used 10,000 English words are adopted from Latin and ancient Greek, which are the carrier languages of Roman civilization and Greek civilization respectively. Greco-Roman mythology, with its rich cultural connotation, permeates all aspects of people's social life in English-speaking countries and becomes a source of vitality for the expansion of English vocabulary. Etymology, the scientific study of the origin of words, is crucial in English vocabulary teaching, as etymological study improves vocabulary learning. This paper adopts the methodology of literature research to gather materials about English vocabulary teaching methods, etymology theory, and Greco-Roman mythological origin of English vocabulary. In order to better explain the cultural connotation of words in English vocabulary teaching, this paper proposes method of applying Greco-Roman mythology learning in English vocabulary teaching, and classifies English vocabulary into four forms according to etymological motivation: direct use, metaphorical use, semantic transfer and derivation from the perspective of Greco-Roman mythological origin, thus stimulating English learners' interest and improving the efficiency of both teaching and learning.
The Influence of the Dagbani Imperfective Verb Form on Dagomba‟s Use of the English Tense
Authors:   University of Bayreuth, Germany, Memunatu Sheini
Published: November 2021

This paper analyses the influence of the imperfective verb form of Dagbani a Mabia (Gur) language, spoken in Northern Ghana- on the English tense. Dagbani and English have been in contact for decades; they exhibit differences grammatically and phonologically. Scholars have discussed the grammar of Dagbani. However, no scholar addressed the influence of Dagbani imperfective on the use of English. Considering the fact that there is a strong interplay between English, as the official language of Ghana, and Ghanaian languages in the socio-economic, political and educational sectors of the country, teachers and curriculum developers need to pay attention to how these languages influence each other with specific focus on how to cater for these influences during classroom interactions. This paper, therefore, analyses the influence of the Dagbani imperfective form on English tense, taking into consideration the progressive aspect and the habitual present tense of Dagbani. The study sets to find out if educational levels of people affect the influence of the Dagbani imperfective on English tense. Data for the study were collected through sentence translation and picture description from (89) students in Tamale and Yendi. The data were analysed within the framework of grammatical replication theory by Heine and Kuteva, based on Weinreich languages in contact. The data are analysed based on the respondents’ levels of education (Basic, Secondary, and Tertiary). Findings indicated that the progressive aspect of Dagbani imperfective verb form overshadows the habitual present, as Dagomba(s) speak English. Irrespective of Dagomba’s educational level, they replicate the Dagbani imperfective use in English; however, the influence minimally reduces as speakers climb the academic hierarchy.
A Novel Approach to the Syntax of Chinese Adjectival Predicates: Differences between Standard Mandarin and Sichuanese Mandarin
Authors:   the Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048 China, Fu Haoyue
Published: November 2021

In Mandarin Chinese, bare adjectives can only function as predicates when they co-occur with some other elements in certain contexts, most typically the degree adverb hen ‘very’. This phenomenon cannot be found in other languages like English. To explain this crosslinguistic variation, researchers have developed different theories, among them the most developed theory regards hen ‘very’ as an overt positive morpheme. Previous studies have all focused on just one Mandarin variety, namely Standard Mandarin (STM). However, the present theory cannot apply to other Mandarin varieties like Sichuanese Mandarin which, as this paper demonstrates, does not have an overt positive morpheme. This paper provides new data from Sichuanese Mandarin and proposes that register grammar should be taken into consideration. A novel, hybrid approach to explain this crossdialectal variation is given in this paper.
Manipuri Lores: Folktales, Cultural History and Anthologies
Authors:   the Department of English, Stella Maris College, Chennai, India, Rajkumari Yaisna
Published: November 2021

The paper will establish a connection between folktales and the cultural history of a region, particularly with respect to the Indian state of Manipur. It is premised on the belief that a study of folktales can alert us not only to the various interconnections between folktales and the cultural history of a place but also help analyse the dynamics of the publication of the anthologies of folktales in relation to this cultural history. The paper will include analyses of Meitei and tribal tales pertaining to the nationalist phase and contemporary period in the history of the North Eastern Indian state of Manipur and look at how in the past few years, compilers and translators have incorporated versions of tales different from the earlier anthologies, establishing a direct link between the tales and the times of their publication.
A Multimodal Discourse Analysis of Incognegro (2008)
Authors:   the Faculty of Al-Alsun (Languages), Ain Shams University, Egypt, Albert Marilyn M.
Published: November 2021

This study attempts to conduct a multimodal discourse analysis (MDA) of Incognegro (2008), a graphic novel by Mat Johnson and arts by Warren Pleece, by applying Michael Halliday’s theory of the Systemic Functional Grammar (SFG) (1994) for the written texts, i.e. the captions found on the images, and Gunther Kress and Theo van Leeuwen’s Grammar of Visual Design (GVD), or what has been recently called Systemic Functional Multimodal Discourse Analysis (SF-MDA) (1996) for the images themselves. The study employs, as well, Teun A. van Dijk’s modal of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) (2004), in which power, racism, segregation, oppression, ethnicity, inequality, discrimination, identity, superiority, inferiority, dominant groups, and dominated groups are being analyzed. The study aims at showing the inequality, the oppression, the racial discrimination, and the exercised power Negroes previously suffered (1930s) in America, the land of freedom, and how this suffering is depicted through graphic novels for historical documentation. The study shows that the Whites considered themselves the dominant group, whereas the Negroes were treated as slaves, not even equal to human beings, and hence are recognized to be the oppressed and the dominated group.
A Study on English Learning Motivation and Vocabulary Learning Strategies of Excellent English Graduates
Authors:   Northwestern Polytechnical University, China, Wu Jiali
Published: November 2021

Vocabulary is the basic building block of language, and the acquisition of a language relies on vocabulary. In acquiring vocabulary, the adoption of vocabulary learning strategies is an important affecting factor. The relationship between vocabulary learning strategy and vocabulary knowledge has been the focus of researchers. Motivation also has a significant impact on language learning. The paper aims to explore excellent English graduates’ English learning motivation and vocabulary strategies. Two separate questionnaires are used to investigate different motivations and vocabulary learning strategies of English majors. In designing the motivation questionnaire, Gao Yihong’s questionnaire is used as a reference and in designing the vocabulary learning questionnaire, the paper mainly follows O’Malley and Chamot’s study. Through analysis, the study reveals the following findings: Firstly, with the least mean value exceeded 2.4, all kinds of vocabulary learning strategies were adopted by excellent English majors while learning vocabulary. Meta-cognitive (M=3.614035088) strategies and cognitive (M=3.633684211) strategies were preferred. Secondly, for the situation of learning motivations, situational motivations (M=3.858695652) were the highest. With the mean value of 3.432065217, instrumental motivations were the lowest motivation among the three types of motivations. Especially achievement motivation, it was the least held motivation by excellent English majors.
Gender and Literature – Is Gender Gendered? Female Protagonists in Macbeth (1606), Thelma and Louise (1991) and A Doll’s House (1879) – Three Different Genres of Literature across Centuries
Authors:   the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China, Chan Sumie
Published: November 2021

This paper examines how men and women have been conventionally portrayed in gender stereotypes in various genres among different cultures through centuries in world literature, with reference to the classical Shakespearean play Macbeth (1606) by the British playwright William Shakespeare, the Hollywood road movie Thelma and Louise (1991) directed by Ridley Scott and A Doll’s House (1879) written by the Norwegian dramatist Henrik Ibsen. The research will explore the common themes embodied by the notion of gender almost in all literature work in the world which include patriarchy and order, masculinity and femininity, fabrication of identities, and binary opposition with the close textual analysis of the process of self-discovery and empowerment by the female protagonists, Lady Macbeth in Macbeth, Thelma and Louise in Thelma and Louise and Nora in A Doll’s House through the eyes of the male authors, namely playwrights and film director. By comparing the fates of aforementioned female protagonists in the three endings, the actual autonomy that women can take the lead in their life or act outside the normalized gender binaries is further studied. With the analysis of the literary devices and the depiction of the female characters’ psychological change with the visualization of symbols and attires in the texts, the relationship between form and content is also investigated. There is also the discourse analysis on the use of gendered language through soliloquies and dialogues, implication of gender roles in society and culture and the consequences of these females in transcending the gendered roles.
Intentions of Language Learning among Macau Frontline Employees in Hospitality Industry: Application of the Theory of Planned Behaviour Model
Authors:   the Faculty of International Tourism and Management, City University of Macau, Macao, China, Wang Ying Chuan
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this study attempted to explore intentions of frontline employees on language learning in Macau hospitality industry. Without exploring learners’ intention, the successful language learning cannot be achieved. Various factors promote or hinder language learners from the implementation of behaviour, that is learning a language. As Macau is one of famous tourist destinations, diversifying single economic development on gaming industry has been enforced. Acting the platform between China and Lusophony countries has also been initiated. Developing language competence in hospitality industry becomes essential in Macau. Hence, this study is crucial for language teaching and learning contexts in hospitality industry while it is anticipated that more and more international tourists will be received in Macau soon after recovering from COVID-19. In this study, the theory of planed behaviour suggested by Ajzen (1991) [1] was applied to explore language learners’ behavioural intentions in terms of learning either English or Portuguese. After a pilot study, the main study was conducted in November 2019. The research findings showed attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioural control had positive and significant impacts on language learning intention. Specifically, subjective norm was the most influential factor affecting learners’ behavioural intention, followed by perceived behavioural control and then attitude. Significant others therefore played the key factor on influencing learners to take an action on learning languages in the society of Macau. This finding may result from job requirements in the labour-market. Finally, the study contributes to educational literature by demonstrating the importance of intentions on frontline employees’ language learning by applying the theory of planned behaviour. Practically, based on the aspect of social psychology to scrutinise learners’ behavioural intention, it would allow language educators adopting effective teaching and learning approach to satisfy learners’ needs.
Does obesity, duration of symptoms and pre-operative knee movements amend discharge readiness and outcomes following total knee arthroplasty?
Authors: Gnaneswaran Thirumal G. , Ashik Mohamed Nazir , Dhanarajan Gokul Raj , C. Prabaharan
Published: November 2021

Background: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) being the definite procedure in degenerative arthritis of the knee is associated with a high cost that includes the cost of implants and in-hospital length of stay (LOS). Incurring such high costs will put a burden on the patients economically, so the goal being the reduction of hospital stay yet improving the functional outcome with better patient satisfaction.

Methods: The study design is a retrospective analysis of 1022 patients of primary elective TKA, performed in our institution. The targeted indicators were sex, body mass index (BMI), pre-operative knee range of movements (ROM), knee deformity and duration of symptoms were analyzed.

Results: Analyzing these patients, we found the average LOS is 6.4 days, and obesity, pre-op ROM and deformity all play a role to delay the discharge readiness in the patients. Our study showed that LOS after TKA is multifactorial.

Conclusions: In acute setting for readiness of discharge the preoperative knee movements, deformity and patients’ functional abilities can be used to segregate patients who may require close monitoring or intensive physiotherapy.
Neonatal septicemia and current scenario of antibiotic sensitivity pattern – A study of blood culture isolates in a tertiary care hospital, Rajkot
Authors: Mistry Madhulika , Bhattacharya Arpita , Parmar Twinkle Kumar
Published: November 2021

Neonatal sepsis is one of the leading causes of neonatal mortality in developing countries. Neonatal sepsis can be classified into two subtypes depending upon onset of symptoms- before 72 hours of life (early-onset neonatal sepsis—EONS) or later (late-onset neonatal sepsis—LONS). Bacteriological profile and antibiotic susceptibility pattern in neonatal septicemia are changing time-to-time and place-to-place. This study is aimed to know the current scenario of neonatal septicemia and antibiotic susceptibility pattern for determining effective treatment, hence reducing burden of antibiotic resistance.

This is a Retrospective study. Data was collected from Bacteriology lab, PDUMC Rajkot (May 2020 – May 2021). Blood cultures were performed on suspected neonates. Both BACTEC and conventional methods were used. Organisms were isolated by standard microbiological protocols and antibiotic sensitivity was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method as per CLSI- 2020/2021 guidelines.

Total 1402 samples were screened. 326 were positive (23.25%). 214(65.64%) were male and 112(34.36%) were female. CONS (32.21%) was found to be the predominant pathogen followed by Klebsiella (19.63%), Staphylococcus aureus (18.10%), E. coli (15.95%), Acinetobacter (12.27%) and Enterococcus spp. (1.84%). EONS was seen in 195(59.82%) cases and LONS was seen in 131(40.18%) cases. Gram-negative bacteria are predominant in EONS (76.28%) and gram-positive bacteria is predominant in LONS (64.12%). Gram negative isolates are mostly susceptible to Meropenem, Piperacillin-tazobactam, Cefepime, Ceftazidime. Gram positive isolates mostly showed sensitivity to Vancomycin, Linezolid.

Multi-drug resistant organism are emerging in neonatal septicemia. Strict antibiotic stewardship should be practiced to avoid the upcoming treatment difficulties.
Study of viral markers (human immunodeficiency virus, HBsAg and anti-HCV) among pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic
Authors: Singh Sudhir , Lalman  , Najam Rehana , Farooq Umar , Sharma Shweta R , Sharma Vasundhara , Ahamad Imran
Published: November 2021

It has been recognized that population-based surveys are needed to assess the prevalence of hepatitis C virus, hepatitis B virus and HIV infection. Pregnant women can be considered as outpost populations because they are relatively unselected populations and their prevalence data may be extended to general population.

Study of viral markers (Human immunodeficiency virus, HBsAg and antiHCV among pregnant woman attending the antenatal clinic. Determination of HIV, HBsAg and HCV in the pregnant females.

In this age wise distribution of HCV positive cases, five cases were positive in 17-21, age group of 22-26 twelve patients were positive, age group of 27-31 eleven patients were positive, age group of 32-36 four patients were positive and three were positive in the age above 36 years. In table number two, 7 were positive for HBsAg, 35 were positive for HCV and no one was for HIV.

In our study, pregnant women had a higher HCV infection rate. Occurrence of HBsAg infection was low in expectant ladies. In our area, people were very careful because they don’t want to spread HIV in their area. The public has complied with HIV/AIDS regulations. They always used condoms and never shared needles. Hence the mother could not spread HIV to the child. In order tounderstand the reasons and inferences of these findings, and provide more guidance, other research is needed.
Detection of SARs CoV-2 during initial phase of pandemic from population of banas kantha district of Gujarat-India with special emphasis on pooled samples
Authors: Patel Hiren , Goswami Parijat N
Published: November 2021

Corona virus (SARs CoV-2) has caused immense effect on morbidity and mortality of the population globally. We undertook this study as we are a part of one of the network laboratories of ICMR to test the patient’s sample by RT PCR for the ORF 1 ab gene of corona virus.

: For a period of one and half months (14 April to 31 May 2020) we tested the nasopharynx and oro-pharynx swab samples sent to us in VTM from the assigned districts of Gujarat. All the samples were subjected to RT PCR method by following standard methods.

Total of 9.04%(256/2833) population was positive and 4.73%(139/2833) belonged to age groups 21-40 and 2.33% (66/2833) to 41-60yrs. Above the age of 60yrs there were only 0.95% (22/2833) cases which were positive. It was advantageous to pool the samples. Out of the number of pools prepared, we reported around 80% negative and rest were positive in pools. The study also included association of viral load and infectivity. We found that 12% of the asymptomatic people and 5.1% of symptomatic individuals had high viral load.

: It is seen that the incidence of Novel corona virus -19 detection by RT PCR is a reliable method and the establishment of the Ct value and infectivity of the patient to the health care workers and relatives needs to be taken care of. Also, the study presents asymptomatic patients having high viral loads being highly infective.
Skills for Life: Fostering Creativity
Authors: Vincent-Lancrin Stéphan
Published: November 2021

As the global economy and workforce are constantly being diversified with a greater emphasis on technology, 21st Century citizens are required to acquire basic digital literacy competencies. In this brief, we examine the concept of literacy and digital literacy. Then, we review the latest digital literacy studies in the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), the European Commission, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Lastly, we provide suggestions by comparing digital literacy studies, including ICT studies, in South Korea with international literacy assessment metrics. This brief aims to contribute to developing digital literacy measurements applicable to ICT in education internationally and mitigate the digital divide.
Quantifying COVID-19’s Silver Lining: Avoided Deaths from Air Quality Improvements in Bogotá
Authors: Blackman Allen , Bonilla Jorge , Villalobos Laura
Published: November 2021

In cities around the world, Covid-19 lockdowns have improved outdoor air quality, in some cases dramatically. Even if only temporary, these improvements could have longer-lasting effects on policy by making chronic air pollution more salient and boosting political pressure for change. To that end, it is important to develop objective estimates of both the air quality improvements associated with Covid-19 lockdowns and the benefits these improvements generate. We use panel data econometric models to estimate the effect of Bogotás lockdown on fine particulate pollution, epidemiological models to simulate the effect of reductions in that pollution on long-term and short-term mortality, and benefit transfer methods to estimate the monetary value of the avoided mortality. We find that in its first year of implementation, on average, Bogotás lockdown cut fine particulate pollution by more than one-fifth. However, the magnitude of that effect varied considerably over the course of the year and across the citys neighborhoods. Equivalent permanent reductions in fine particulate pollution would reduce long-term premature deaths by more than one-quarter each year, a benefit valued at $670 million per year. Finally, we estimate that in 2020-2021, the lockdown reduced short-term deaths by 31 percent, a benefit valued at $180 million.
O papel da translinguagem na Linguística Aplicada (in)disciplinar
Authors: Lucena Maria Inêz Probst
Published: November 2021

Este ensaio está inserido no debate sobre o papel da Linguística Aplicada (in)disciplinar na produção de saberes sobre a vida social contemporânea. Discuto como o conceito de translinguagem pode nos ajudar a questionar entendimentos dominantes sobre bilinguismo e uso da linguagem em um mundo no qual somos desafiados a entender novos modos de comunicação. Argumento que a abordagem translíngue permite que avancemos na discussão teórico-analítica de práticas linguísticas do século XXI e para elaborar esta discussão, além da experiência em empreitadas etnográficas que oferecem a compreensão do campo aplicado, apoio-me em dois textos. Uma foto de uma propaganda de uma rede nacional de curso de idiomas e um pôster de uma campanha política. O primeiro contribui para ilustrar a invisibilidade da complexidade sociolinguística brasileira e o segundo contribui para ilustrar como a mobilidade de pessoas nos desafia a compreender a contingência social, cultural, histórico e política de práticas comunicativas.
The method of simple iterations with correction of convergence and the minimal discrepancy method for plasmonic problems
Authors: Davidovich Mikhail V. , Kobetz Alexander K. , Sayapin Kirill A.
Published: November 2021

The problem of searching for complex roots of the dispersion equations of plasmon-polaritons along the boundaries of the layered structure-vacuum interface is considered. Such problems arise when determining proper waves along the interface of structures supporting surface and leakage waves, including plasmons and polaritons along metal, dielectric and other surfaces. For the numerical solution of the problem, we consider a modification of the method of simple iterations with a variable iteration parameter leading to a zero derivative of the right side of the equation at each step, i.e. convergent iterations, as well as a modification of the minimum residuals method. It is shown that the method of minimal residuals with linearization coincides with the method of simple iterations with the specified correction. Convergent methods of higher orders are considered. The results are demonstrated by examples, including complex solutions of dispersion equations for plasmon-polaritons. The advantage of the method over other methods of searching for complex roots in electrodynamics problems is the possibility of ordering the roots and constructing dispersion branches without discontinuities. This allows you to classify modes.
Refinement of the method for selecting the width of the conductor of printed circuit boards on a metal base, working in the absence of convection
Authors: Kostin Aleksey V.
Published: November 2021

The article proposes a refined method for calculating the width of the conductors of printed circuit boards on a metal base for the onboard devices of spacecraft, depending on the current flowing. The constructed refined mathematical model of the process of conductive heat exchange between the conductors and the metal base is described. The results of calculations of various, most common, locations of layers of printed circuit boards are presented. An analysis was carried out and a refined methodology was developed based on the results obtained. It allows you to easily (without complicate calculations) calculate the necessary values of the width of conductors. This technique is based on graphical methods, but allows you to perform technical calculations with sufficient accuracy. Accuracy is achieved by using special formulas that simplify the determination of the value of a physical quantity on a logarithmic scale. The disadvantages of the proposed method are indicated.
Importance of Biostatistics in Medical Researches
Authors: SUNGUR Mehmet Ali
Published: November 2021

Importance of Biostatistics in Medical Researches
O parafii w Archidiecezji Łódzkiej. Szkic do portretu
Authors: Kaźmierska Kaja
Published: November 2021

"Opisana w książce rzeczywistość Kościoła Archidiecezji Łódzkiej, zrekonstruowana na podstawie zebranych materiałów, to właśnie stan sprzed epidemii. We wszystkich rozdziałach, w których analizowałam odpowiedzi parafian, księży i sióstr zakonnych, hasła: RELACJA, SPOTKANIE, WSPÓLNOTA, związane z określonym ich rozumieniem przez badanych, stanowiły osie, wokół których budowane były odpowiedzi, a przez nie z kolei ujawniały się określone postawy wobec siebie nawzajem. Mam nadzieję, że praca ta umożliwiła pokazanie tych różnych postaw, wychodzących z odmiennych perspektyw, że dała przestrzeń do wymiany ocen i stała się inspiracją do wzięcia pod uwagę perspektywy innych członków wspólnoty Kościoła." Z "Zakończenia"
Competitive Intelligence and Resilience of Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Developing Economies
Authors: Nte Ngboawaji Daniel , Omede Nduka Kenneth
Published: November 2021

Small and Medium Enterprises SMEs hold the key to economic progress and development in developing economies including Nigeria.  This study therefore examined the effect of competitive intelligence on the survival of SMEs in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. To achieve these objectives three hypotheses were formulated to establish whether or not there is a relationship existing between the two intervening variable i.e. competitive intelligence and the survival of SMEs in Benin City, Edo State and by extension Nigeria. Survey research design was adopted, while data were obtained from structured questionnaire and analyzed using Pearson’s product-moment coefficient of correlation. From the analysis, the results indicated that there is an existing relationship between the variables. Based on the findings it was concluded that for SMEs to survive and expand its market frontiers in the face of the escalating competition in the business environment, there is the need to take a holistic view of their strategies and offer innovative products that can provide customers with valued and satisfying benefits better than the ones offered by competitors and engaging in superior marketing strategies to enhance performance and productivity. The study recommended among others that SMEs should identify and prune down unwarranted business expenses without necessarily impacting negatively on the operations of the firm.

Keywords: Innovative Products, Performance, Productivity, Satisfying Benefits, SMEs, Survival.
Dopuszczalność przeprowadzenia rozprawy pod nieobecność oskarżonego lub obrońcy na podstawie art. 378a k.p.k. w kontekście konstytucyjnego prawa do obrony
Authors: Marcia Michalina
Published: November 2021

Nowelizacją z 19 lipca 2019 roku wprowadzono do kodeksu postępowania karnego art. 378a, który dopuszcza możliwość przeprowadzenia rozprawy oraz podjęcie czynności dowodowych pod nieobecność oskarżonego i obrońcy, również, gdy nieobecność ta ma charakter usprawiedliwiony. Ta regulacja, mająca w założeniu usprawnić przebieg postępowania, budzi jednak daleko idące wątpliwości, zważywszy na konstytucyjne prawo do obrony. Celem opracowania jest analiza zgodności wprowadzonej zmiany w art. 42 ust. 2 oraz art. 31 ust. 3 ustawy zasadniczej, a także wskazanie konsekwencji wprowadzenia omawianego przepisu względem procesu stosowania prawa.
Kognicja sądów w sprawach zatrudnienia osób wykonujących pracę zarobkową na innej podstawie niż stosunek pracy
Authors: Baran Krzysztof W. , Florczak Izabela
Published: November 2021

Aby móc w pełni i świadomie realizować prawo do sądu, podmiot, który chce z niego skorzystać, powinien mieć jasność co do ścieżki drogi sądowej. Jednym z fundamentów realizacji prawa do sądu jest możliwość ustalenia kognicji sądu. Aktualnie obowiązujący stan prawny pozostawia liczne wątpliwości co do zakresu kognicji sądu w sprawach zatrudnienia osób wykonujących pracę zarobkową na innej podstawie niż stosunek pracy. Jest to szczególnie widoczne w ramach zatrudnienia administracyjnoprawnego oraz w ramach świadczenia pracy na podstawie umów uregulowanych w kodeksie cywilnym. Niespójność systemowa czyni wątpliwym pełną realizację przez polski system prawa gwarancji prawa do sądu, wymagając określenia zakresu kognicji sądów na wskazanych płaszczyznach.
Historyczna ewolucja independentyzmu katalońskiego. Formowanie się katalonizmu poprzez działalność regionalnych ruchów społecznych
Authors: Chmura Sylwia
Published: November 2021

The article contains an analysis of the historical development of Catalan nationalism, its evolution from the early Middle Ages to modern times. It points to the key role of social movements in the political process of protecting the Catalan identity from being degraded or completely eliminated by the Spanish central government. The depth of the region’s history points to several basic conclusions. Mainly, the image of Catalan separatism as a temporary “rush” of citizens, shaped by Catalan’s modern political elite to divert attention from the corruption scandals is untrue. The analysis of the rich history of Catalan political culture indicates that the phenomenon of Catalanism has become a constant.
Etnomatemática e resolução de problemas como proposta metodológica para o Ensino Fundamental
Authors: Meneghetti Renata Cristina Geromel , Lamim Netto Manoel de Souza , Zuffi Edna Maura
Published: November 2021

Este trabalho visa contribuir com propostas metodológicas alternativas para o processo de ensino e aprendizagem de Matemática no contexto escolar da Educação Básica e tem por objetivo investigar a possibilidade de implementação de uma proposta de ensino de Matemática baseada na metodologia de ensino-aprendizagem-avaliação através da resolução de problemas, agregada aos princípios da Etnomatemática. A pesquisa seguiu uma abordagem qualitativa, caracterizada como um estudo de caso referente à aplicação da metodologia mencionada junto a alunos do oitavo ano do Ensino Fundamental, evidenciando também alguns elementos da pesquisa-ação. As situações-problema foram contextualizadas à realidade sociocultural dos alunos, a partir do tema gerador “água”, escolhido e definido com os participantes. Os dados foram coletados e analisados através de questionários, entrevistas, registros audiovisuais e anotações em diário de campo. As análises apontaram que tal aplicação significou um avanço, tanto nos conhecimentos de Matemática quanto naqueles relativos à temática trabalhada e que, para tal, foi de fundamental importância a integração dos saberes matemáticos oriundos do contexto escolar com aqueles existentes na comunidade da qual os educandos faziam parte.
Análise dos elementos paratextuais do manual de aritmética Taboada Curiosa (Portugal, século XVIII)
Authors: Ripe Fernando , Alves Antônio Maurício Medeiros
Published: November 2021

Este artigo apresenta uma análise, sob a perspectiva da História da Educação (e) Matemática, dos elementos paratextuais que compõem as instruções educativas para o ensino da aritmética presentes no manual pedagógico Taboada Curiosa, de autoria do espanhol Joam Antonio Garrido. Publicada inicialmente no ano de 1737 em Lisboa, a obra tinha por objetivo instruir na arte de contar e escrever por meio das regras que se aplicavam nas “boas Escolas” do Reino de Portugal. Consideramos que Taboada Curiosa foi um impresso de relativo sucesso editorial no contexto do setecentismo português, tornando-se um eficiente mecanismo pedagógico para a construção de significados aritméticos. Centraremos nossa análise nos elementos periféricos que compõem o impresso, sobretudo no frontispício, nos agradecimentos, no prólogo e no sumário, destacando como o professor de aritmética Joam Garrido estabeleceu estratégias discursivas de direcionamentos de leitura aos seus potenciais consumidores da obra.
Santé et bien-être de la truie gestante et du porc en croissance
Authors: LE FLOC’H Nathalie , BOUDON Anne , MONTAGNE Lucile , GILBERT Hélène , GONDRET Florence , LEBRET Bénédicte , LEFAUCHEUR Louis , LOUVEAU Isabelle , MERLOT Élodie , PÈRE Marie-Christine , MEUNIER-SALAÜN Marie-Christine , PRUNIER Armelle , QUESNEL Hélène
Published: November 2021

Le projet européen PROHEALTH portait sur les maladies de production des porcs et des volailles. Pour l’espèce porcine, INRAE a apporté des connaissances nouvelles permettant de comprendre les mécanismes biologiques qui conduisent ou non à l’expression de ces maladies et de proposer des voies d’amélioration des conditions d’élevage pour préserver la santé des porcs. Ainsi, enrichir l’environnement des truies pendant la gestation a permis de réduire leur stress et donc d’améliorer leur bien-être et de réduire la mortalité néonatale des porcelets. Chez les porcelets, la dynamique de réponse aux stress du sevrage et la prévalence des problèmes digestifs ont été modulées par l’alimentation. Chez les porcs en croissance, augmenter la surface disponible en élevage contribuerait à prévenir l’apparition de troubles locomoteurs selon la prédisposition génétique des porcs à augmenter leur activité physique. Chez les porcs en croissance également, le respect de bonnes conditions d’hygiène du logement permet de préserver la santé et les performances de croissance en limitant l’inflammation systémique et les troubles respiratoires. En s’appuyant sur un modèle de lignées génétiques divergentes sélectionnées sur la Consommation Moyenne Journalière Résiduelle (CMJR), un indicateur de l’efficacité alimentaire, nous avons montré l’implication de facteurs génétiques dans la susceptibilité des porcs à certaines maladies comme les troubles digestifs du sevrage, l’ostéochondrose et l’inflammation causée par les mauvaises conditions d’hygiène du logement.
A Literature Review of Semi-functional Partial Linear Regression Models
Authors: Fayaz Mohammad
Published: November 2021

Background: In the functional data analysis (FDA), the hybrid or mixed data are scalar and functional datasets. The semi-functional partial linear regression model (SFPLR) is one of the first semiparametric models for the scalar response with hybrid covariates. Various extensions of this model are explored and summarized. Methods: Two first research articles, including “semi-functional partial linear regression model”, and “Partial functional linear regression” have more than 300 citations in Google Scholar. Finally, only 106 articles remained according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria such as 1) including the published articles in the ISI journals and excluding 2) non-English and 3) preprints, slides, and conference papers. We use the PRISMA standard for systematic review. Results: The articles are categorized into the following main topics: estimation procedures, confidence regions, time series, and panel data, Bayesian, spatial, robust, testing, quantile regression, varying Coefficient Models, Variable Selection, Single-index model, Measurement error, Multiple Functions, Missing values, Rank Method and Others. There are different applications and datasets such as the Tecator dataset, air quality, electricity consumption, and Neuroimaging, among others. Conclusions: SFPLR is one of the most famous regression modeling methods for hybrid data that has a lot of extensions among other models.
ADAPTIVE CAPACITY IMPAIRMENT IN CHILDREN WITH INSULIN-DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS AS SHOWN BY TIME INTERVAL ASSESSMENT
Authors:   Stavropol State Medical University, Russia, BYKOV YURI V. , BATURIN VLADIMIR A. ,   Stavropol State Medical University, Russia
Published: November 2021

Aim. The aim of the study was to diagnose and study the severity of impaired adaptive capacity in children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus using the method of assessment of time intervals. Material and methods. The study included 54 adolescents, aged 14 to 18 years. 27 adolescents with type I diabetes mellitus, who were urgently hospitalized in the intensive care unit in a serious condition, constituted the study group, the other 27 adolescents who were hospitalized for planned surgical intervention constituted the control group (conditionally healthy children). The diagnosis of type I diabetes mellitus was confirmed by clinical and laboratory data (hyperglycemia, ketoacidosis, impaired level of consciousness (deafening-sore). Study protocol: psychophysiological testing in adolescents was performed using the original «Rhythm» program, which presented patients with a reference sequence of sound signals and pauses between them, after which the patients played back the sound sequence using a personal computer. Adolescents in the study group were tested after diabetic ketoacidosis had subsided, glycemia had stabilized, and the level of consciousness had normalized (3–5 days after admission). The control group was tested upon admission to thehospital for planned treatment. Significance of the total index of deviations from the specified reference was determined using Student’s t-criterion. Results and discussion. Significant adaptation disorders were detected both in the study group and in the control group. However, in children with diabetes mellitus these disorders were more pronounced due to a greater shortening of the total duration of the cycle, as well as a greater aggregate index of deviations from the duration of set signals and pauses as compared to the «reference standard». Conclusion. The findings support the hypothesis that impaired adaptation mechanisms as a manifestation of desynchronization of biological rhythms may lie in the mechanism of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus development.
COMPARISON OF THE STATE OF THE MAXILLARY SINUSES IN A NEW CORONAVIRUS INFECTION COVID-19 AND ACUTE RESPIRATORY VIRAL INFECTION
Authors:   Samara State Medical University, Russia, KOLSANOV ALEXANDER V. , VLADIMIROVA TATYANA JU. ,   Samara State Medical University, Russia, ZELTER PAVEL V. ,   Samara State Medical University, Russia, ZELYOVA OLESYA V. ,   Samara State Medical University, Russia
Published: November 2021

The aim of the study was to identify possible changes in the maxillary sinuses during new coronavirus infection in comparison with the changes in the sinuses occurring during acute respiratory infections and to correlate the gender structure of the study groups. Material and methods. The study included 40 patients (18 women and 22 men) with a confirmed new coronavirus infection, hospitalized at the Covid Hospital Clinics of Samara State Medical University in 2020. All patients underwent multispiral computed tomography of the paranasal sinuses on a Ge revolution Evo 128 tomograph on the 10th day after the appearance of the first clinical symptoms. We also examined a control group of patients with acute respiratory infections with similar complaints of impaired sense of smell, rhinorrhea, and upper maxillary sinus discomfort. This group also included 40 people (24 women and 16 men). Statistical processing of the study results was performed using Microsoft Excel software package, the Mann – Whitney method of statistical significance calculation was used. Results and discussions. In 18 (45%) patients with a confirmed new coronavirus infection, a slight mucosal thickening along the lower wall of the maxillary sinuses was found symmetrically on both sides. Six (15%) of them were women and 12 (30%) were men. The age of the examined patients ranged from 31 to 83 years. Chronic sinusitis was noted in the history of 8 (20%) of the examined patients. In 6 (15%) patients with chronic sinusitis no abnormalities were detected in the maxillary sinuses at the time of examination. Two of them had parietal thickening of the mucous membrane along the lower wall of the maxillary sinuses. In the control group, there was significant symmetric parietal thickening of the mucous membrane of the paranasal sinuses in 24 (60%) examined patients (14 women and 10 men). There were no statistically significant differences in the prevalence of changes in the studied and control groups. Conclusion. According to the results of this study, there were no data on the pattern of occurrence of changes in the mucosa of the maxillary sinuses in new coronavirus infection with gender background or the presence of chronic inflammation of the maxillary sinuses in the history compared with the control group of examined patients after acute respiratory infections.