bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Study on the Detection of Cattle in UAV Images Using Deep Learning
Authors: Barbedo Jayme Garcia Arnal , Koenigkan Luciano Vieira , Santos Thiago Teixeira , Santos Patrícia Menezes
Published: December 2019

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are being increasingly viewed as valuable tools to aid the management of farms. This kind of technology can be particularly useful in the context of extensive cattle farming, as production areas tend to be expansive and animals tend to be more loosely monitored. With the advent of deep learning, and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in particular, extracting relevant information from aerial images has become more effective. Despite the technological advancements in drone, imaging and machine learning technologies, the application of UAVs for cattle monitoring is far from being thoroughly studied, with many research gaps still remaining. In this context, the objectives of this study were threefold: (1) to determine the highest possible accuracy that could be achieved in the detection of animals of the Canchim breed, which is visually similar to the Nelore breed (Bos taurus indicus); (2) to determine the ideal ground sample distance (GSD) for animal detection; (3) to determine the most accurate CNN architecture for this specific problem. The experiments involved 1853 images containing 8629 samples of animals, and 15 different CNN architectures were tested. A total of 900 models were trained (15 CNN architectures × 3 spacial resolutions × 2 datasets × 10-fold cross validation), allowing for a deep analysis of the several aspects that impact the detection of cattle using aerial images captured using UAVs. Results revealed that many CNN architectures are robust enough to reliably detect animals in aerial images even under far from ideal conditions, indicating the viability of using UAVs for cattle monitoring.
Environmental Cross-Validation of NLOS Machine Learning Classification/Mitigation with Low-Cost UWB Positioning Systems
Authors: Barral Valentín , Escudero Carlos J. , García-Naya José A. , Suárez-Casal Pedro
Published: December 2019

Indoor positioning systems based on radio frequency inherently present multipath-related phenomena. This causes ranging systems such as ultra-wideband (UWB) to lose accuracy when detecting secondary propagation paths between two devices. If a positioning algorithm uses ranging measurements without considering these phenomena, it will face critical errors in estimating the position. This work analyzes the performance obtained in a localization system when combining location algorithms with machine learning techniques applied to a previous classification and mitigation of the propagation effects. For this purpose, real-world cross-scenarios are considered, where the data extracted from low-cost UWB devices for training the algorithms come from a scenario different from that considered for the test. The experimental results reveal that machine learning (ML) techniques are suitable for detecting non-line-of-sight (NLOS) ranging values in this situation.
Design of Multi-Wavelength Optical Sensor Module for Depth-Dependent Photoplethysmography
Authors: Han Sangjin , Roh Donggeun , Park Junyung , Shin Hangsik
Published: December 2019

The multi-wavelength photoplethysmography sensors were introduced to measure depth-dependent blood volume based on that concept that the longer the light wavelength, the deeper the penetration depth near visible spectrum band. In this study, we propose an omnidirectional optical sensor module that can measure photoplethysmogram while using multiple wavelengths, and describe implementation detail. The developed sensor is manufactured by making a hole in a metal plate and mounting an LED therein, and it has four wavelength LEDs of blue (460 nm), green (530 nm), red (660 nm), and IR (940 nm), being arranged concentrically around a photodetector. Irradiation light intensity was measured by photoluminescent test, and photoplethymogram was measured with each wavelength simultaneously at a periphery of the human body such as fingertip, earlobe, toe, forehead, and wrist, in order to evaluate the developed sensor. As a result, the developed sensor module showed a linear increase of irradiating light intensity according to the number of LEDs increases, and pulsatile waveforms were observed at all four wavelengths in all measuring sites.
Development of Ultrasonic Guided Wave Transducer for Monitoring of High Temperature Pipelines
Authors: Dhutti Anurag , Tumin Saiful Asmin , Balachandran Wamadeva , Kanfoud Jamil , Gan Tat-Hean
Published: December 2019

High-temperature (HT) ultrasonic transducers are of increasing interest for structural health monitoring (SHM) of structures operating in harsh environments. This article focuses on the development of an HT piezoelectric wafer active sensor (HT-PWAS) for SHM of HT pipelines using ultrasonic guided waves. The PWAS was fabricated using Y-cut gallium phosphate (GaPO4) to produce a torsional guided wave mode on pipes operating at temperatures up to 600 °C. A number of confidence-building tests on the PWAS were carried out. HT electromechanical impedance (EMI) spectroscopy was performed to characterise piezoelectric properties at elevated temperatures and over long periods of time (>1000 h). Laser Doppler vibrometry (LDV) was used to verify the modes of vibration. A finite element model of GaPO4 PWAS was developed to model the electromechanical behaviour of the PWAS and the effect of increasing temperatures, and it was validated using EMI and LDV experimental data. This study demonstrates the application of GaPO4 for guided-wave SHM of pipelines and presents a model that can be used to evaluate different transducer designs for HT applications.
Identification of Temperature-Induced Deformation for HSR Slab Track Using Track Geometry Measurement Data
Authors: Li Zai-Wei , Liu Xiao-Zhou , He Yue-Lei
Published: December 2019

Slab track is widely used in many newly built high-speed rail (HSR) lines as it offers many advantages over ballasted tracks. However, in actual operation, slab tracks are subjected to operational and environmental factors, and structural damages are frequently reported. One of the most critical problems is temperature-induced slab-warping deformation (SWD) which can jeopardize the safety of train operation. This paper proposes an automatic slab deformation detection method in light of the track geometry measurement data, which are collected by high-speed track geometry car (HSTGC). The characteristic of track vertical irregularity is first analyzed in both time and frequency domain, and the feature of slab-warping phenomenon is observed. To quantify the severity of SWD, a slab-warping index (SWI) is established based on warping-sensitive feature extraction using discrete wavelet transform (DWT). The performance of the proposed algorithm is verified against visual inspection recorded on four sections of China HSR line, which are constructed with the China Railway Track System II (CRTSII) slab track. The results show that among the 24,806 slabs being assessed, over 94% of the slabs with warping deformation can be successfully identified by the proposed detection method. This study is expected to provide guidance for efficiently detecting and locating slab track defects, taking advantage of the massive track inspection data.
Approximations of the Aggregated Interference Statistics for Outage Analysis in Massive MTC
Authors: Liesegang Sergi , Pascual-Iserte Antonio , Muñoz Olga
Published: December 2019

This paper presents several analytic closed-form approximations of the aggregated interference statistics within the framework of uplink massive machine-type-communications (mMTC), taking into account the random activity of the sensors. Given its discrete nature and the large number of devices involved, a continuous approximation based on the Gram–Charlier series expansion of a truncated Gaussian kernel is proposed. We use this approximation to derive an analytic closed-form expression for the outage probability, corresponding to the event of the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio being below a detection threshold. This metric is useful since it can be used for evaluating the performance of mMTC systems. We analyze, as an illustrative application of the previous approximation, a scenario with several multi-antenna collector nodes, each equipped with a set of predefined spatial beams. We consider two setups, namely single- and multiple-resource, in reference to the number of resources that are allocated to each beam. A graph-based approach that minimizes the average outage probability, and that is based on the statistics approximation, is used as allocation strategy. Finally, we describe an access protocol where the resource identifiers are broadcast (distributed) through the beams. Numerical simulations prove the accuracy of the approximations and the benefits of the allocation strategy.
Gait Phase Classification and Assist Torque Prediction for a Lower Limb Exoskeleton System Using Kernel Recursive Least-Squares Method
Authors: Ma Yue , Wu Xinyu , Wang Can , Yi Zhengkun , Liang Guoyuan
Published: December 2019

The gait phase classification method is a key technique to control an exoskeleton robot. Different people have different gait features while wearing an exoskeleton robot due to the gap between the exoskeleton and the wearer and their operation habits, such as the correspondence between the joint angle and the moment at which the foot contacts the ground, the amplitude of the joint angle and others. In order to enhance the performance of the gait phase classification in an exoskeleton robot using only the angle of hip and knee joints, a kernel recursive least-squares (KRLS) algorithm is introduced to build a gait phase classification model. We also build an assist torque predictor based on the KRLS algorithm in this work considering the adaptation of unique gait features. In this paper, we evaluate the classification performance of the KRLS model by comparing with two other commonly used gait recognition methods—the multi-layer perceptron neural network (MLPNN) method and the support vector machine (SVM) algorithm. In this experiment, the training and testing datasets for the models built by KRLS, MLPNN and SVM were collected from 10 healthy volunteers. The gait data are collected from the exoskeleton robot that we designed rather than collected from the human body. These data depict the human-robot coupling gait that includes unique gait features. The KRLS classification results are in average 3% higher than MLPNN and SVM. The testing average accuracy of KRLS is about 86%. The prediction results of KRLS are twice as good as MLPNN in assist torque prediction experiments. The KRLS performs in a good, stable, and robust way and shows model generalization abilities.
Spatial Shift of Aridity and Its Impact on Land Use of Syria
Authors: Houmsi Mohammad Rajab , Shiru Mohammed Sanusi , Nashwan Mohamed Salem , Ahmed Kamal , Ziarh Ghaith Falah , Shahid Shamsuddin , Chung Eun-Sung , Kim Sungkon
Published: December 2019

Expansion of arid lands due to climate change, particularly in water stressed regions of the world can have severe implications on the economy and people’s livelihoods. The spatiotemporal trends in aridity, the shift of land from lower to higher arid classes and the effect of this shift on different land uses in Syria have been evaluated in this study for the period 1951–2010 using high-resolution monthly climate data of the Terrestrial Hydrology Research Group of Princeton University. The trends in rainfall, temperature and potential evapotranspiration were also evaluated to understand the causes of aridity shifts. The results revealed an expansion of aridity in Syria during 1951–1980 compared to 1981–2010. About 6.21% of semi-arid land was observed to shift to arid class and 5.91% dry-subhumid land to semi-arid land between the two periods. Analysis of results revealed that the decrease in rainfall is the major cause of increasing aridity in Syria. About 28.3% of agriculture land located in the north and the northwest was found to shift from humid to dry-subhumid or dry-subhumid to semi-arid. Analysis of results revealed that the shifting of drylands mostly occurred in the northern agricultural areas of Syria. The land productivity and irrigation needs can be severely affected by increasing aridity which may affect food security and the economy of the country.
Assessing the Potential Impacts of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam on Water Resources and Soil Salinity in the Nile Delta, Egypt
Authors: Aziz Sherien Abdel , Zeleňáková Martina , Mésároš Peter , Purcz Pavol , Abd-Elhamid Hany
Published: December 2019

Several studies have reported that the construction of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) could have severe effects on the water resources in downstream countries, especially Egypt. These effects include changes in surface water level, groundwater levels in shallow and deep aquifers, saltwater intrusion, and increases in soil salinity, which could affect crop yields. This paper assesses the potential impacts of the GERD on the Nile Delta, Egypt. It includes the effects of reducing surface water levels (SWL) and changing the crop patterns at the groundwater levels (GWL), in addition to the effect of cultivating crops that consume less water on soil salinity. A pilot area is selected in the east of the Nile Delta for the assessment. The results of the study revealed that GWL is directly proportional to SWL. Comparing the case study of 2012, when SWL was reduced by 50%, the GWL decreased from 5.0 m to 2.0 m. After adjustment, the crop patterns from rice to other crops decreased the GWL to 1.30 m. Additionally, the results showed that there is a significant relationship between soil salinity and crop patterns. Soil salinity increased during the cultivation of the Delta with non-rice crops, such as grapes. Salinity increased from 0.45 S/m after 10 years of simulation to 0.48 S/m. This estimation highlights the undesirable effects of the GERD on Egypt’s water resources, soil salinity, crop yields, and national income.
The Roles of Interest and Pressure Groups in Developing Sustainable Educational Policies in Turkey
Authors: Balyer Aydın , Tabancalı Erkan
Published: December 2019

The main aim of this research was to determine the roles of interest and pressure groups in the development of sustainable educational policies in Turkey. To that end, the research was conducted with a qualitative research design. The data were gathered by using a semi-structured interview technique and analyzed with content analysis technique. For this purpose, seven teachers and six school principals determined with a maximum variation sampling technique were interviewed. Results of this research reveal that, in general, interest and pressure groups were classified into three categories as: business and self-interest groups, professional groups and identity groups. When the development of educational policy in Turkey is concerned, it was indicated that especially self-interest groups have some political agendas, and they provide support and work with the government closely in order to realize their political agendas and their own memebers’ interests. It was also remarked that these groups are necessary and have influences on the development of sustainable educational policies and leadership. It can be recommended that although interest and pressure groups are essential in the current system, the effects of these groups should be limited for the sake of educational and scientific principles.
Can Co-Creation and Crowdfunding Types Predict Funder Behavior? An Extended Model of Goal-Directed Behavior
Authors: Kim Myung Ja , Hall C. Michael
Published: December 2019

Crowdfunding is an emerging means for financing by small and medium-sized enterprises or individuals to attract capital from investors who look to obtain products, services, and/or equity in the future. Co-creation in crowdfunding projects substantially influences sponsors’ behavior, playing a critical role in crowdfunding performance. Despite the significance of co-creation in crowdfunding, research from the leisure and tourism fields has been largely neglected in terms of theory-based models of co-creation. To address this gap, the goal of this work is to study the effects of co-creation on the extended model of goal-directed behavior, along with the moderator of crowdfunding types. To do this, an online survey was conducted on crowdfunders in South Korea and partial least squares (PLS)-structural equation modeling (SEM) was applied to analyze the collected data. Results reveal that co-creation considerably leads to attitude towards, as well as behavior in relation to, crowdfunding participation. Funders’ attitude and positive and negative anticipated emotion also significantly influence desire to participate in crowdfunding. Behavioral intention is highly affected by perceived behavioral control as well as desire. Reward and investment types significantly moderate eight relationships in the research model. Hence, this study contributes to crowdfunding research and stakeholders in the visitor economy sectors.
Quantifying Degradation Classifications on Alpine Grassland in the Lhasa River Basin, Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Han Wangya , Lu Huiting , Liu Guohua , Wang Jingsheng , Su Xukun
Published: December 2019

The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) has the world’s largest alpine grassland ecosystem. The QTP ecosystem is extremely fragile and suffers continuous degradation. An accurate determination of the status of alpine grassland is the first crucial step in monitoring its degradation. A novel method combining field survey with remote sensing information based on ecological indicators is proposed. The degradation classification of alpine grassland was identified by multivariate hierarchical analysis based on 270 field plots. The spatial pattern of alpine grassland degradation was mapped by determining remote sensing variables that corresponded to field indicators of the degradation classification system. The results showed that clustering analysis divided the degradation classification of alpine grassland into five classes: Non-Degraded (ND), Slightly Degraded (SLD), Moderately Degraded (MD), Severely Degraded (SD), and Extremely Degraded (ED). The most significant factors for alpine grassland degradation included the dominance of Cyperaceae plants, soil total nitrogen content, soil organic carbon content, soil total carbon content, soil bulk density, soil pH, dominance of miscellaneous plants, and elevation among all 17 variables. The assessment and mapping of alpine grassland degradation provide an important basis for alpine grassland protection and management, particularly at a large scale.
The Pelagic Habitat of Swordfish (Xiphias gladius) in the Changing Environment of the North Indian Ocean
Authors: Elepathage Thushani Suleka Madhubhashini , Tang Danling , Oey Leo
Published: December 2019

Swordfish (Xiphias gladius) are a highly migratory keystone species, found in tropical and temperate seas that are influenced by environmental parameters. In the Bay of Bengal, the Arabian Sea, and the ocean region around Sri Lanka, the environment is gradually changing as a result of climate change. In this study, we identified the preferable environmental conditions for swordfish using satellite-derived environmental data and in-situ fish catch data. We modeled the relationships between fish distribution and the environment changes using Boosted Regression Trees (BRT) and Generalized Additive Model (GAM) methods. The monthly mean fishing effort is comparatively high from October to March and the fish catch rates are high from September to November. Chlorophyll-a concentration has a positive relationship with catch rates while sea surface temperature (SST), sea salt surface mass concentration (SSS), and effort show negative relationships. Approximately 0.3–0.4 mgm−3 of chlorophyll-a, 28–28.5 °C SST, and (3–5)10−8 kgm−3 of SSS were significantly correlated with high swordfish catch rates. According to the optimum environmental conditions identified using the above models, the suitable environmental spatial and temporal distribution was mapped. The results show that the optimum conditions for swordfish are in the eastern region of Sri Lanka, around Thailand and Myanmar, from June to August, and around Bangladesh, Myanmar, Pakistan, the west coast of Sri Lanka, and the east coast of India during September to November.
Dispute Resolution and Collaborative Decision-Making: What Accounts for Their Effectiveness? The Case of Romania
Authors: Hossu Constantina Alina , Iojă Ioan Cristian , Pătroescu Maria , Dușa Adrian , Hersperger Anna M.
Published: December 2019

Collaborative dispute resolution is essential in natural resource management in the process of negotiating solutions to environmental issues. Our study aims to look at the factors which appear to contribute to the effectiveness of collaborative problem-solving efforts in case studies of environmental conflicts in Romania. The selected case studies illustrate conflicts over the management of natural resources, human-wildlife conflicts, as well as conflicts between development and conservation. A framework for collaborative governance and the multi-value qualitative comparative analysis (mvQCA) method are used to assess and compare 27 case studies in order to identify the factors that bring about success in the resolution of the conflicts in question. Our results indicate that a combination of different characteristics of shared motivation and joint action is sufficient for reaching agreement on the contested issues. However, most of the agreements are not stable due to political and administrative reasons. This study discusses the opportunities and constraints under which collaborative efforts unfold in the case studies. It could also help managers to enhance collaboration in the resolution process for environmental conflicts in the future.
RTX Toxins of Animal Pathogens and Their Role as Antigens in Vaccines and Diagnostics
Authors: Frey Joachim
Published: December 2019

Exotoxins play a central role in the pathologies caused by most major bacterial animal pathogens. The large variety of vertebrate and invertebrate hosts in the animal kingdom is reflected by a large variety of bacterial pathogens and toxins. The group of repeats in the structural toxin (RTX) toxins is particularly abundant among bacterial pathogens of animals. Many of these toxins are described as hemolysins due to their capacity to lyse erythrocytes in vitro. Hemolysis by RTX toxins is due to the formation of cation-selective pores in the cell membrane and serves as an important marker for virulence in bacterial diagnostics. However, their physiologic relevant targets are leukocytes expressing β2 integrins, which act as specific receptors for RTX toxins. For various RTX toxins, the binding to the CD18 moiety of β2 integrins has been shown to be host specific, reflecting the molecular basis of the host range of RTX toxins expressed by bacterial pathogens. Due to the key role of RTX toxins in the pathogenesis of many bacteria, antibodies directed against specific RTX toxins protect against disease, hence, making RTX toxins valuable targets in vaccine research and development. Due to their specificity, several structural genes encoding for RTX toxins have proven to be essential in modern diagnostic applications in veterinary medicine.
Detection of Multiple Variants of Grapevine Fanleaf Virus in Single Xiphinema index Nematodes
Authors: Garcia Shahinez , Hily Jean-Michel , Komar Véronique , Gertz Claude , Demangeat Gérard , Lemaire Olivier , Vigne Emmanuelle
Published: December 2019

Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) is responsible for a widespread disease in vineyards worldwide. Its genome is composed of two single-stranded positive-sense RNAs, which both show a high genetic diversity. The virus is transmitted from grapevine to grapevine by the ectoparasitic nematode Xiphinema index. Grapevines in diseased vineyards are often infected by multiple genetic variants of GFLV but no information is available on the molecular composition of virus variants retained in X. index following nematodes feeding on roots. In this work, aviruliferous X. index were fed on three naturally GFLV-infected grapevines for which the virome was characterized by RNAseq. Six RNA-1 and four RNA-2 molecules were assembled segregating into four and three distinct phylogenetic clades of RNA-1 and RNA-2, respectively. After 19 months of rearing, single and pools of 30 X. index tested positive for GFLV. Additionally, either pooled or single X. index carried multiple variants of the two GFLV genomic RNAs. However, the full viral genetic diversity found in the leaves of infected grapevines was not detected in viruliferous nematodes, indicating a genetic bottleneck. Our results provide new insights into the complexity of GFLV populations and the putative role of X. index as reservoirs of virus diversity.
Molecular Survey and Phylogenetic Analysis of Atypical Porcine Pestivirus (APPV) Identified in Swine and Wild Boar from Northern Italy
Authors: Sozzi Enrica , Salogni Cristian , Lelli Davide , Barbieri Ilaria , Moreno Ana , Alborali Giovanni Loris , Lavazza Antonio
Published: December 2019

Atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV) is a newly recognized member of the Flaviviridae family. This novel porcine pestivirus was first described in 2015 in the USA, where it has been associated with congenital tremor type A-II in new-born piglets. APPV is widely distributed in domestic pigs in Europe and Asia. In this study, a virological survey was performed in Northern Italy to investigate the presence of APPV using molecular methods. Testing of 360 abortion samples from pig herds revealed two APPV strains from distinct provinces in the Lombardy region and testing of 430 wild boar blood samples revealed three strains, one from Lombardy and two from Emilia Romagna. The nucleotide sequencing of a fragment of the nonstructural protein 3-coding region revealed a high similarity to the previously detected European strains (Spanish, German, and Italian) of APPV.
New Genus Fibralongavirus in Siphoviridae Phages of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius
Authors: Zeman Michal , Bárdy Pavol , Vrbovská Veronika , Roudnický Pavel , Zdráhal Zbyněk , Růžičková Vladislava , Doškař Jiří , Pantůček Roman
Published: December 2019

Bacteriophages of the significant veterinary pathogen Staphylococcus pseudintermedius are rarely described morphologically and genomically in detail, and mostly include phages of the Siphoviridae family. There is currently no taxonomical classification for phages of this bacterial species. Here we describe a new phage designated vB_SpsS_QT1, which is related to phage 2638A originally described as a Staphylococcus aureus phage. Propagating strain S. aureus 2854 of the latter was reclassified by rpoB gene sequencing as S. pseudintermedius 2854 in this work. Both phages have a narrow but different host range determined on 54 strains. Morphologically, both of them belong to the family Siphoviridae, share the B1 morphotype, and differ from other staphylococcal phage genera by a single long fibre at the terminus of the tail. The complete genome of phage vB_SpsS_QT1 was sequenced with the IonTorrent platform and expertly annotated. Its linear genome with cohesive ends is 43,029 bp long and encodes 60 predicted genes with the typical modular structure of staphylococcal siphophages. A global alignment found the genomes of vB_SpsS_QT1 and 2638A to share 84% nucleotide identity, but they have no significant similarity of nucleotide sequences with other phage genomes available in public databases. Based on the morphological, phylogenetic, and genomic analyses, a novel genus Fibralongavirus in the family Siphoviridae is described with phage species vB_SpsS_QT1 and 2638A.
Membrane Fouling and Performance of Flat Ceramic Membranes in the Application of Drinking Water Purification
Authors: Meng Shujuan , Zhang Minmin , Yao Meng , Qiu Zhuguo , Hong Yubin , Lan Weiguang , Xia Haiping , Jin Xue
Published: December 2019

Membrane technologies have been widely applied in surface water treatment for drinking water purification. The main obstacles to the large scale application of membranes include membrane fouling, energy consumption and high investment. This study systematically investigated the performance of a hybrid system including in-situ coagulation and membrane module. The key parameters of a membrane system, including initial flux, operation mode (intermediate or continuous, time intervals, backwashing and aeration) was comprehensively investigated. In addition, the treatment performance in terms of turbidity, organic matter removal, membrane fouling and cleaning, and the effect of coagulants, were also studied. It was found that flat ceramic membranes with in-situ coagulation for surface water treatment performed much better without aeration and frequent backwashing, which gave interesting and important implications for future applications of a flat ceramic membrane, especially in drinking water purification. The hybrid system can achieve a high-water flux of 150 L/m2·h (LMH) for 8 h operation without aeration and backwash. The removal of turbidity, UV254 and COD can achieve 99%, 85% and 81%, respectively. The cake layer on the membrane surface formed from the coagulation flocs turned out to prevent the membrane to be exposed to organic pollutant immediately which minimized the fouling problem. In addition, the fouling layer on the membrane surface can be easily cleaned by air scouring and backwash at the end of experiments, with a water flux recovery of higher than 90%. These results in this study provided an alternative strategy for membrane fouling control and energy conservation.
Contribution à l’archéologie des Sénons Transalpins : quelques ensembles du IVe siècle av. J.-C. découverts à Monéteau « Sur Marcherin » (dép. Yonne)
Authors: Ginoux Nathalie
Published: December 2019

La première moitié du IVe siècle av. J.-C., est une période peu documentée au plan archéologique, sur une grande partie du territoire attribué aux Sénons transalpins et ses alentours immédiats, l’essentiel des matériaux et des ensembles publiés portant sur la fin du IVe et le début du IIIe siècle av. J.-C. La découverte récente de la nécropole de Monéteau «Sur Marcherin » vient combler un vide important, grâce à une série de contextes dont la séquence couvre une grande partie du IVe s. av. J.-C. En dépit de conclusions limitées par le petit nombre de tombes fouillées et, surtout, du manque de comparaisons à l’échelle régionale, l’étude fait ressortir quelques éléments qui permettent d’établir, pour la partie la plus ancienne, l’existence de liens avec le Plateau Suisse, la relation avec le faciès archéologique des Sénons Transalpins s’établissant à partir des tombes plus récentes.
Le thème du quadriscèle : un aspect de l’iconographie occidentale du second âge du Fer dans l’Ouest de la France
Authors: Daire Marie-Yvane
Published: December 2019

Des découvertes, récentes pour certaines, s’ajoutant aux mentions plus anciennes, ont porté à notre connaissance une dizaine de représentations du motif de quadriscèle dans l’Ouest de la Gaule. Ces figurations sont associées à deux types de supports : d’une part, la céramique, à travers les vases à décor estampé et d’autre part la pierre, à travers les stèles funéraires en granite. Le contexte paraissait donc propice pour proposer une note de synthèse faisant l’état d’une question qui conduit à aborder la distribution géographique de ce thème ornemental ainsi que la chronologie de ces représentations.
« Biatec-Münzen » und die spätkeltische Kunst
Authors: Kolníková Eva
Published: December 2019

Les monnaies celtiques du type Bratislava, que l’on désigne aussi sous le nom de monnaies BIATEC à cause de la légende la plus répandue, sont le plus souvent évaluées d’un point de vue iconographique et artistique comme influencées par des modèles étrangers, en particulier les deniers de la République romaine. Il est possible de modifier sensiblement ce point de vue par l’analyse détaillée de tout le système monétaire (de grandes monnaies d’argent d’un poids moyen de 17 grammes, avec 15 sortes de légendes, 27 variantes, frappées vraisemblablement sur le territoire de l’oppidum de l’actuelle Bratislava, dans une période d’env. 70 à 40 avant notre ère). Elle illustre dans ses réalisations la contribution de l’art celtique en formation et une conception iconographique propre. Cet article propose une esquisse de cette problématique.
Les animaux sur les monnaies gauloises
Authors: Fischer Brigitte
Published: December 2019

Les représentations animales sont exceptionnellement nombreuses sur les monnaies gauloises. Elles peuvent être naturalistes, fantaisistes ou purement imaginaires. À l’origine, les prototypes grecs sont ornés de chevaux au revers. Cette espèce sera nettement la plus importante, parfois en association avec des oiseaux, des loups… Le sanglier occupe la seconde place, ainsi que le lion, emprunté aux drachmes massaliotes. Le loup et le taureau figurent aussi en bonne place sur les monnaies, ainsi que les oiseaux, qui ont joué un rôle important, en particulier sur les numéraires du Centre de la Gaule. C’est principalement pour leurs qualités guerrières que la plupart des animaux ont été choisis. D’autres cependant évoquent la fécondité et la prospérité. Les pièces étaient des objets de propagande privilégiés et c’est une sélection de prestige qui a été réalisée pour leur décor.
Celtic Dialects and Cultural Contacts in Protohistory: the Italian and Iberian Peninsulae
Authors: Bernardo Stempel Patrizia de , Arenas Esteban Jesús Alberto
Published: December 2019

P. de B. St. proposes a new dialectology for Ancient Celtic languages, by stressing contacts and common innovations. She also proposes an earlier date for the introduction of Celtic in Spain and Italy : the presence of Celtic (non Gaulish) elements in the Iberian corpus, and in Ligurian would lead to suppose a multiplicity of Celtic layers in both peninsulas. At least, five successive layers of Celtic languages could then be distinguished. Exactly as there were Celts in Spain before the Celtiberians, in the same way in Northern Italy, Lepontic was preceded by a Celtic element present in Ligurian : Ligurian itself would be a Celtic language, partly preserving of Indo-European -p-, and presenting some other remarkable archaisms. The author is thus led to define a Protoceltic somewhat more archaic than has been supposed till now. J. A. A. E. exposes some common features in the material cultures. The authors also suppose that part of the Hispanic Celticity developed under the influence of the Italian Celts, some of whom might have reached the Iberian Peninsula by sea.
Early British in Ratcliffe-on-Soar
Authors: Bernardo Stempel Patrizia de
Published: December 2019

Une tablette de plomb, trouvée en 1963 à Ratcliffe-on-Soar (Nottinghamshire), a été publiée par R. S. O. Tomlin dans The Antiquaries Journal, 84, 2004, p. 346-352. Il s’agit d’une defixio pour récupérer des objets volés. L’auteur réinterprète deux mots de la tablette comme des mots indigènes. En effet, là où R. S. O. Tomlin voit la formule

si m(ulier) au[ t] si b(aro) RIANTINE, P. de B. St. propose de lire, si maup(enne), si briantine, c’est-à-dire une formule envisageant le statut social du voleur : cela est similaire au latin si servus, si liber, mais devrait se traduire plutôt, «que ce soit un homme libre de basse condition, ou un noble ».
Une belle gauloise... À propos d’une fibule inscrite de Laon
Authors: Feugère Michel , Lambert Pierre-Yves
Published: December 2019

Michel Feugère décrit une fibule gallo-romaine avec inscription AVII VIMPI, trouvée à Laon. C’est une fibule à charnière, en forme de semelle, avec apposition d’un décor en relief sur une feuille de cuivre étamée. La même légende apparaît sur une fusaïole de terre cuite trouvée à Nyon, et sur deux autres fibules, l’une trouvée à Reims (aujourd’hui perdue), et l’autre à Cirencester (GB). Les décors sur feuille rapportée datent de la 2nde moitié du Ier s. Pierre-Yves Lambert observe que le message juxtapose un mot latin et un mot gaulois : «bonjour la belle » . La fréquence de vimpi sur des objets inscrits tels que les pesons de fuseaux rend peu probable l’hypothèse d’un nom propre. La désinence en -i, susceptible de plusieurs explications, paraît être à l’origine un vocatif sg. de thème en -iā : son extension à un thème en -ā signalait peut-être l’emploi substantif de l’adjectif.
Notes de vieux-breton
Authors: Lambert Pierre-Yves
Published: December 2019

1. OBr. penn gurth cimarch, a gloss on primas, was probably referring to an important official in court, the supreme judge, or the first counsellor of the king ; in this meaning, it is certainly a parallel for OIr. cenn athchomairc «chief for the second asking » , maybe a judge in appeal, an important function second only to the king (cf. The Expulsion of the Déisi) ; — 2. About a group of words still uncompletely studied : OBr presguor «devoted » , Mid Br presour «constant, diligent » , and Mid W preswyl are borrowed from Lat. perseuerare ; — 3. OBr gueledint ou nimer, a gloss on sub ipso Septentrione (ms. Angers 477, Bede), does not include a passive imperfect of the verb «to see » , but the noun gueled «lower part, bottom » , paraphrasing the preposition sub ; the gloss itself is a litteral translation of the glossed Latin words, excepted that Septentrio is rendered by a generic term, nimer, «constellation »
On substantiating Indo-European *wḷHos ’wolf’ in Celtic, Continental and Insular
Authors: Hughes A. J.
Published: December 2019

According to some linguists, the IE word for ’ wolf’, * wlkhos, has been replaced in Celtic languages by new expressions, such as the periphrastic Irish mac tíre ’ son of the land’, probably calqued on a pre-Indo-European substratum. But IE *wlkhos

is nevertheless attested in Continental Celtic, though the exact meaning of Gaulish

Catuuolkos is still disputed, ’ hawk of battle’ or ’ wolf of battle’. According to J. Koch, the meaning was originally ’ beast of prey’, later specialized into ’ hawk’ (cf. W. gwalch).

After reviewing possible reflexes in Irish onomastics (Ogham Ulccagni, Old Irish

Olcán, Olc Aiche etc.), the author argues we would have the same reflex in Modern Irish greim madra uilc ’ mad dog bite’ and, in an early Scottish expression, ón chuaine alla uilc ’ from the wild lupine pack’ (in a poem from the Book of the Dean of Lismore).
Sucellus et Viśvakarman
Authors: Sergent Bernard
Published: December 2019

En l’absence de mythes le concernant, le dieu Sucellus pose un des problèmes les plus aigus à l’exégèse contemporaine. Reprenant le dossier (constitué principalement de son iconographie), je le définis comme dieu artisan du bois, spécialisé à l’époque gallo-romaine dans la fabrication des tonneaux. Il est alors possible de lui trouver un correspondant irlandais, le charpentier Luchtai. Et, au-delà, il offre des points communs précis avec le dieu artisan indien, spécialiste du bois, Viśvakarman, points communs qu’examine l’article.
Celto-slavica. Essais de mythologie comparée
Authors: Lajoye Patrice
Published: December 2019

Celto-slavica, essays in comparative mythology.

Comparing two mythologies is always difficult to realise, particularly when one of them has been only kept in modern folklore. Celtic mythology may be collected from ancient and -in the worst case -medieval sources, but for Slavic mythology we must content ourselves with an extensive corpus of tales and epic songs. These tales and songs, however, are richly filled with archaisms, which frequently find no equivalent outside Celtic mythology. This study cannot pretend to propose a complete inventory of these convergences, but it may at least open new grounds for the reflections of comparative mythologists, and shed some new light on narrative elements which has been considered up till now as uniquely Celtic.
Les cheveux de la Morrígain
Authors: Beck Noémie
Published: December 2019

The Morrígain’s Hair

The Morrígain is one of the most fascinating deities in Irish medieval literature. She is generally viewed as a goddess of war and death who appears alone or in triple form on the battlefield, is endowed with potent supernatural powers and symbolises the death of warriors. As the wife of the Dagda, the father god, she also possesses important sexual and agrarian attributes. She is thus a complex, polymorphic and multifunctional goddess. This study will examine a new aspect of her personality. As a goddess of fertility, she is closely related to water ; a characteristic which is reflected in her role as a washer of corpses at river fords. The numerous references to her long mane and sinister laugh, her role as a messenger of death and her connection with water all lend credence to the view that she is the fair-haired sea-goddess who drowns Conaing, son of Aedán Mac Gabráin, king of Alba, in the early 7th-century poem in the Annals of Tigernach.
Notes de vieux-breton
Authors: Lambert Pierre-Yves
Published: December 2019

Notes on Old-Breton

4. Elanu gl. embolim : embolim refers here to an additional prayer ; one could compare Middle Breton elanvet «invoked, prayed » , a calque for Greek paraklêtos. This stem elanv-«to pray, to invoke » has no etymology.

5. Dogurbonneu gl. rogauerit (in the Irish Collectio Canonum) : gurbonn is a parallel of Old Irish forbann, forbonn «excessive command ; superstition » . It is proposed to analyse the gloss as containing the preposition do and the copula eu : «it is by an excess of power » . This gloss could have had an Irish model.

6. The Impersonal Passive : catalogue of attested forms in Old Breton. There is only one sure example of the 3rd p. plural ; passive endings of the Indicative present and of the Subjunctive present are clearly distinguished : Indicative -ir, subjunctive -(h) er ; many forms sometime quoted as Old Breton passive are in fact Latin, transformed by mispellings or misreadings
Survival Analysis and Application in Livestock
Authors: YAVUZ Esra , ŞAHİN Mustafa
Published: December 2019

Life analysis is a collection of analysis methods used to examine the time elapsed until the emergence of any phenomenon identified by the researcher. In medical studies, such as clinical trials comparing two or more trials; time is taken as the beginning of the individual's participation in the experimental study. Life analysis is researched not only in the field of medicine but also in many branches such as economy, social life, zoology and botany. In this study, milk data of Damaskus hybrid and Pure Damaskus goat herd consisting of two different races were used to make an application of life analysis in livestock field. In milk goatness, the life expectancy of the Damaskus hybrid and Pure Damaskus breeds in milk yield was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier test. IBM SPSS Statistic 23 package program was used for data analysis. As a result, it was seen that the length of life of the pure damask race on milk yield was longer than the Damaskus hybrid race. In other words, the results of the Log-rank test statistics for the data obtained as a result of the study were significant according to the significance level of 0.05. In addition, according to Kaplan-Meier life analysis hypothesis, the mean life milk yield age was different between the groups.
PERBEDAAN KADAR HB SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH PEMBERIAN PISANG AMBON PADA IBU HAMIL DENGAN ANEMIA
Authors: Andina Fenni Dwi , Nirmasari Chichik , Widayati Widayati
Published: December 2019

Latar belakang : Kehamilan merupakan masa yang sangat dinantikan bagi setiap pasangan suami istri. Namun di masa sekarang ini tidak semua kehamilan berjalan dengan lancar karena ada penyakit-penyakit penyerta dalam kehamilan seperti anemia, upaya yang dilakukan dalam pencegahan dan penanggulangan anemia ada dua yaitu farmakologi dengan mengkonsumsi tablet fe selain terapi farmakologi dapat juga diberikan terapi non farmakologi. Pisang ambon salah satu terapi non famakologi yang dikonsumsi sebagai makanan pokok di daerah tropis. Pisang ini diperkaya zat besi yang efektif untuk mengendalikan kekurangan zat besi dalam tubuh.Tujuan : untuk menganalisis adakah perbedaan sebelum dan sesudah pemberian pisang ambon terhadap ibu hamil anemia di puskesmas sumowonoMetode: jenis penelitian ini menggunakan pre-eksperimental designs, desain penelitian menggunakan rancangan one grouppretest-posttest, karena pada rancangan ini tidak menggunakan kelompok pembanding (kontrol). Menggunakan teknik total sampel yang berjumlah 11 responden. Penelitian dilakukan di sumowono pada bulan juli 2018. Uji statistik menggunakan uji paired t-test.Hasil : hasil uji statistik mendapatkan p value sebesar 0,038 (<0,05) yang berarti terdapat hubungan antara konsumsi pisang ambon dengan kenaikan kadar hemoglobin pada ibu hamil anemia.Simpulan : Simpulannya bahwa buah pisang ambon efektif terhadap kenaikan kadar hemoglobin pada ibu hamil anemia.
Perbedaan Kadar Hormion Chorionic Gonadotrophine (Hcg) Pada Ibu Hamil Trimester I Yang Mengalami Hiperemesis Gravidarum Sebelum Dan Setelah Dilakukan Hipnotherapi Di Rumah Sakit Umum Ungaran Kabupaten Semarang
Authors: Christiani Ninik , Andayani Ari
Published: December 2019

Hiperemesis gravidarum merupakan ibu hamil yang mengalami mual muntah yang berlebih, dapat menimbulkan gangguan aktivitas sehari-hari sehingga membahayakan kesehatan bagi janin dan ibu, bahkan dapat menyebabkan kematian. Selain itu, mual muntah juga berdampak negatif bagi ibu hamil, seperti aktivitas sehari-hari menjadi terganggu. Biasanya mual muntah sering terjadi saat pagi hari, bahkan dapat timbul kapan saja maupun terjadi kadang dimalam hari. Gejala tersebut 40-60% biasa terjadi pada multigravida. Mual (nausea) dan muntah (emesis gravidarum) adalah suatu yang wajar pada ibu hamil trimester 1. Tujuan dari  penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan kadarr HCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin) sebelum dan setelah dilakukan Hipoterapi pada ibu hamil dengan Hiperemesis Gravidarum. Metode penelitian pada kasus ini adalah Quasi Eksperimen. Tahapan Penelitian ini meliputi tahap awal yaitu dengan cara menentukan sampel yeng bersedia terlibat dalama peneelitian ini yaitu ibu hamil yang mengalami Hiperemesis di Rumah Sakit Ungaran Kabupaten Semarang. Kemudian dilakukan peneriksaan kadar HCG sebelum dilakukan Intervensi (Hipnoterapi). Tahap intervensi, yaitu pelaksanaan Hipnoterapi. Setelah itu adalah dilakukan pemeriksaan Kadar HCG setelah dilakukan intervensi. Hasil Ada perbedaan kadar penurunan HCG pada ibu hamil dengan Hipremesis Gravidarum sebelum pemberian hipnotherapi dengn setelah pemberian hipnotherapi. Adapun saran yang diberikan yaitu untuk ibu hamil agar bisa mengontrol emosi dalam menjalani kehamilan yang aman dan menyenangkan.Kata Kunci : Kadar HCG, Hiperemesis Gravidarum, Trimester I, Hipnoterapi