bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH NISBAH BAGI HASIL DEPOSITO MUDHARABAH TERHADAP MINAT NASABAH BERINVESTASI PADA BANK SYARIAH MANDIRI CABANG TAJUR BOGOR PENGAMATAN 2017
Authors: Gunawan Heri , Jamaludin  , Hadi Sholikul
Published: December 2020

Bagi hasil adalah suatu sistem yang meliputi pembagian hasil usaha antara pemodal dan pengelola dana pembagian hasil usaha Bagi hasil adalah bentuk return (perolehan aktivitas usaha) dari kontrak investasi, dari waktu ke waktu, tidak pasti dan tidak tetap, besar kecilnya perolehan kembali itu tergantung pada hasil usaha yang benar-benar terjadi pada bank Islam, Nisbah adalah mekanisme dalam pembagian bagian keuntungan usaha bagi masing-masing pihak yang melakukan kegiatan usaha bersama yang besar jumlah pembagianya ditetapkan berdasarkan kesepakatan, nisbah adalah keuntungan yang harus dinyatakan dala bentuk prosentase antara kedua belah pihak, bukan dinyatakan dalam nilai nominal rupiah tertentu. Nisbah ini mencerminkan imbalan yang berhak diterima oleh kedua pihak yang bermudharabah. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji pengaruh nisbah bagi hasil deposito mudharabah terhadap minat nasabah berinvestasi pada Bank Syariah Mandiri Cabang Tajur Bogor. Metode penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif survei, dengan metode pengambilan sampel purposive samplingdengan alat bantukuesioner kepada 75 nasabah. Teknis analisis data berupa uji validitas, uji reliabilitas, uji asumsi klasik (uji normalitas,  uji multikolonieritas, uji heteroskedastisitas, uji autokorelasi) dan  menguji hipotesis menggunakan (uji parsial, koefisien determinasi dan uji persamaan regresi linear sederhana) dengan bantuan Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nisbah bagi hasil deposito mudharabahsecara parsial atau terpisah berpengaruh positif dan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap minat nasabah berinvestasi pada Bank Syariah Mandiri Cabang Tajur Bogor. Bisa disimpukan bahwa motif nasabah menyimpan hartanya pada bank bukan hanya untuk memudahkan dalam melakukan transaksi pembayaran dan karena tingkat keaman hartanya saja, tapi memang ingin mendapatkan keuntungan (bagi hasil)
PENGARUH PROGRAM SERTIFIKASI GURU TERHADAP MOTIVASI DAN KINERJA GURU
Authors: Ahmad Riva’i Fuad
Published: December 2020

Komponen terpenting dalam proses pendidikan adalah guru, aspek gurulah yang paling banyak memberi pengaruh kepada peningkatan pendidikan, oleh karena itu profesionalisme seorang guru mutlak sangat dibutuhkan, terlebih dalam kondisi pendidikan di negara kita yang sedikit tertinggal dari negara lain. Dalam rangka mengejar ketinggalan ini pemerintah telah banyak berupaya untuk meningkatkan profesionalisme guru ini dengan mengadakan pelatihan-pelatihan, seminar dan program-program lainya. Salah satu diantaranya adalah dengan program sertifikasi guru yang telah melewati pendidikan dan pelatihan sertifikasi ini akan mendapatkan tunjangan dari pemerintah, hingga diharapkan dengannya adanya tunjangan ini bisa menjadi stimulan untuk peningkatan motivasi dan kinerja guru yang akhirnya berujung pada terciptanya guru yang profesional. Berdasarkan hal tersebut penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui apakah program sertifikasi memberi pengaruh terhadap motivasi kerja dan kinerja guru atau tidak, khususnya pada guru-guru sertifikasi di lingkungan Madrasah Tsanawiyah dan juga untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh itu terhadap guru-guru, bilamana program sertifikasi ini memiliki korelasi terhadap motivasi kerja dan kinerja guru tersebut. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan analisis data yang dilakukan kepada guru-guru sertifikasi maka Variabel Program sertifikasi guru (X) terhadap variabel motivasi kerja (Y1) tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan. Secara umum  motivasi kerja dengan angka koefisien sebesar 0,066. Hal ini berarti apabila program sertifikasi berjalan cukup baik maka meningkatkan motivasi guru. Adapun hasil dari penelitian dilapangan menunjukan bahwa guru-guru sertifikasi berada pada interval motivasi kerja yang baik, ini menunjukan bahwa motivasi tersebut dipengaruhi oleh aspek-aspek lain selain program sertifikasi guru seperti motivasi internal guru itu sendiri, lingkungan kerja, aspek-aspek lainnya yang tidak diteliti oleh peneliti. Variabel Program sertifikasi guru (X) terhadap variabel kinerja guru (Y2)  berpengaruh signifikan dan hubungan tersebut bersifat positif, yang mana koefisien determinasi rsquare sebesar 0,491 yang berarti bila program sertifikasi berjalan dengan lancar dapat meningkatkan kinerja guru sebesar 49,1%.  Adapun aspek kinerja ini sisanya dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor lain yang tidak diteliti
PENGARUH LEAFLET TERHADAP MINAT MENJADI MAHASISWA PMB TAHUN AJARAN 2018/2019 IUQI BOGOR
Authors: Sofralda Suci , Maulana Pawira Aglam
Published: December 2020

Komunikasi sangat dibutuhkan dalam segala bidang kehidupan, karena tanpa komunikasi tidak akan mungkin berlangsungnya hubungan antara manusia dengan manusia lain di dunia ini. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh media leaflet terhadap minat untuk menjadi mahasiswa IUQI Bogor dalam kegiatan PMB tahun ajaran 2018/2019. Apakah media leaflet yang digunakan mempengaruhi minat para lulusan SMA sederajat yang membacanya untuk menjadi mahasiswa di IUQI Bogor. Penelitian ini termasuk dalam jenis penelitian lapangan (field research). Yaitu suatu penelitian yang dilakukan dengan cara terjun langsung ke lapangan atau lokasi penelitian. Karena Penelitian ini bersifat abstrak dan natural maka penelitian ini menggunakan  pendekatan kuantitatif. Adapun yang menjadi titik toloknya adalah semua gejala yang dapat diukur dan diubah dalam bentuk angka dengan menggunakan analisis statistik sebagai dasar dalam pemaparan data, analisis dan pengujian hipotesis serta pengambilan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan adanya pengaruh penggunaan media leaflet  terhadap minat menjadi peserta didik mahasiswa semester 2 kelas karyawan, dari hasil perhitungan menunjukkan bahwa t hitung = 6,046 jika dibandingkan dengan t tabel = 1,29743, sehingga karena t hitung > t tabel  berarti regresi antara variabel media leaflet terhadap minat menjadi peserta didik mahasiswa/i semester 2 kelas karyawan signifikan. Dengan demikian, hasil penelitian di atas menunjukkan bahwa hipotesis yang peneliti ajukan terbukti. Bahwa ada pengaruh penggunaan media leaflet terhadap minat menjadi peserta didik bagi mahasiswa/i semester 2 pada PMB tahun ajaran 2018/2019 di IUQI Bogor
Las 100 Reglas de Brasilia y el acceso a la justicia en Brasil
Authors: Gonet Branco Paulo Gustavo , Gonet Branco Pedro Henrique de Moura
Published: December 2020

En este trabajo se aborda el problema del acceso a la justicia en los últimos siglos, su evolución histórica y las repercusiones de la aprobación de las Reglas de Brasilia y su implementación en países de la región iberoamericana, en particular, en el sistema de justicia de Brasil. Así, se analizará la enérgica estrategia institucional implementada por el Estado brasileño para la mejora de la solución de los conflictos en beneficio de los derechos y los intereses de los más vulnerables.
The lacustrine-water vapor isotope inventory experiment L-WAIVE
Authors: Chazette Patrick , Flamant Cyrille , Sodemann Harald , Totems Julien , Monod Anne , Dieudonné Elsa , Baron Alexandre , Seidl Andrew , Steen-Larsen Hans Christian , Doira Pascal , Durand Amandine , Ravier Sylvain
Published: December 2020

Abstract. In order to gain understanding on the vertical structure of atmospheric water vapour above mountain lakes and to assess the respective influence of evaporation and advection processes, the L-WAIVE (Lacustrine-Water vApor Isotope inVentory Experiment) field campaign was conducted in the Annecy valley in the French Alps in June 2019. This campaign was based on a synergy between a suite of ground-based, boat-borne, and airborne measuring platforms implemented to characterise the thermodynamic and isotopic state above the lake environment using both in-situ and remote sensing instruments. Two ultra-light aircrafts (ULA), one equipped with a Rayleigh-Mie lidar, solar fluxmeters and an optical counter, and one equipped with a Cavity Ring-down Spectrometer (CRDS) and an in-cloud liquid water collector, were deployed to characterize the vertical distribution of the main stable water vapour isotopes (H216O, H218O and H2H16O), and their potential interactions with clouds and aerosols. ULA flight patterns were repeated several times per day to capture the diurnal evolution as well as variability associated with different weather events. ULA flights were anchored to continuous water vapour and wind profiling of the lower troposphere performed by two dedicated ground-based lidars. Additional flights have been conducted to map the spatial variability of the water vapour isotope composition regarding the lake and surrounding topography. Throughout the campaign, ship-borne lake temperature profiles as well as liquid water samples at the air-water interface and at 2 m depth were made, supplemented on one occasion by atmospheric water vapour isotope measurements from the ship. The campaign period included a variety of weather events leading to contrasting humidity and cloud conditions, slope wind regimes and aerosol contents in the valley. The water vapor mixing ratio values in the valley atmospheric boundary layer were found to range from 3–4 g kg−1 to more than 10 g kg−1 and to be strongly influenced by the subsidence of higher altitude air masses as well as slope winds. A significant variability of the isotopic composition was observed within the first 3 km above ground level. The influence of the lake evaporation was mainly detected in the first 500 m of the atmosphere. Well-mixed conditions prevailed in the lower free troposphere, mainly above the mean altitude of the mountain tops surrounding the lake.
On the tuning of atmospheric inverse methods: comparisons with the European Tracer Experiment (ETEX) and Chernobyl datasets using the atmospheric transport model FLEXPART
Authors: Tichý Ondřej , Ulrych Lukáš , Šmídl Václav , Evangeliou Nikolaos , Stohl Andreas
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Estimation of the temporal profile of an atmospheric release, also
called the source term, is an important problem in environmental sciences.
The problem can be formalized as a linear inverse problem wherein the
unknown source term is optimized to minimize the difference between
the measurements and the corresponding model predictions. The problem
is typically ill-posed due to low sensor coverage of a release and
due to uncertainties, e.g., in measurements or atmospheric transport
modeling; hence, all state-of-the-art methods are based on some form
of regularization of the problem using additional information. We
consider two kinds of additional information: the prior source term,
also known as the first guess, and regularization parameters for the shape
of the source term. While the first guess is based on information
independent of the measurements, such as the physics of the potential
release or previous estimations, the regularization parameters are
often selected by the designers of the optimization procedure. In
this paper, we provide a sensitivity study of two inverse methodologies
on the choice of the prior source term and regularization parameters
of the methods. The sensitivity is studied in two cases: data from
the European Tracer Experiment (ETEX) using FLEXPART v8.1 and the
caesium-134 and caesium-137 dataset from the Chernobyl accident using
FLEXPART v10.3.
Improving Yasso15 soil carbon model estimates with ensemble adjustment Kalman filter state data assimilation
Authors: Viskari Toni , Laine Maisa , Kulmala Liisa , Mäkelä Jarmo , Fer Istem , Liski Jari
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Model-calculated forecasts of soil organic carbon (SOC) are
important for approximating global terrestrial carbon pools and assessing
their change. However, the lack of detailed observations limits the
reliability and applicability of these SOC projections. Here, we studied whether
state data assimilation (SDA) can be used to continuously update the modeled
state with available total carbon measurements in order to improve future
SOC estimations. We chose six fallow test sites with measurement time
series spanning 30 to 80 years for this initial test. In all cases, SDA
improved future projections but to varying degrees. Furthermore, already
including the first few measurements impacted the state enough to reduce the
error in decades-long projections by at least 1 t C ha−1. Our
results show the benefits of implementing SDA methods for forecasting SOC
as well as highlight implementation aspects that need consideration and
further research.
A novel method for cold region streamflow hydrograph separation
using GRACE satellite observations
Authors: Wang Shusen , Li Junhua , Russell Hazen A. J.
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Streamflow hydrograph analysis has long been used for separating streamflow into baseflow and surface-runoff components, providing critical information for studies in hydrology, climate and water resources. Defects known with established methods include the lack of physics and arbitrary choice of separation parameters, problems in identifying snowmelt runoff, and limitations on watershed size and hydrogeological conditions. In this study, a GRACE-based model was developed to address these weaknesses and improve hydrograph separation. The model is physically based and does not require a priori parametrisation. The new model was compared with six hydrograph separation methods provided with the U.S. Geological Survey Groundwater Toolbox. The results demonstrated robust estimate by the new model particularly in filtering out the bias of snowmelt runoff in baseflow estimate. This new model is specifically suitable for applications over large watersheds which is complementary to the traditional methods that are limited by watershed size. The output from the model also includes estimates for watershed hydraulic conductivity and drainable water storage, which are useful parameters in evaluating aquifer properties, calibrating and validating hydrological and climate models, and assessing regional water resources.
Last-decade progress in understanding and modeling the land surface processes on the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Lu Hui , Zheng Donghai , Yang Kun , Yang Fan
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Land surface models (LSMs) that simulate water and
energy exchanges at the land–atmosphere interface are a key component of
Earth system models. The Tibetan Plateau (TP) drives the Asian monsoon
through surface heating and thus plays a key role in regulating the climate
system in the Northern Hemisphere. Therefore, it is vital to understand and
represent well the land surface processes on the TP. After an early review
that identified key issues in the understanding and modeling of land
surface processes on the TP in 2009, much progress has been made in
the last decade in developing new land surface schemes and supporting
datasets. This review summarizes the major advances. (i) An
enthalpy-based approach was adopted to enhance the description of cryosphere
processes such as glacier and snow mass balance and soil freeze–thaw transition.
(ii) Parameterization of the vertical mixing process was improved in lake
models to ensure reasonable heat transfer to the deep water and to the
near-surface atmosphere. (iii) New schemes were proposed for modeling water
flow and heat transfer in soils accounting for the effects of vertical soil
heterogeneity due to the presence of high soil organic matter content and
dense vegetation roots in surface soils or gravel in soil columns. (iv)
Supporting datasets of meteorological forcing and soil parameters were
developed by integrating multi-source datasets including ground-based
observations. Perspectives on the further improvement of land surface
modeling on the TP are provided, including the continuous updating of
supporting datasets, parameter estimation through assimilation of satellite
observations, improvement of snow and lake processes, adoption of
data-driven and artificial intelligence methods, and the development of an
integrated LSM for the TP.
Framing 'digital well-being' as a social good
Authors: Beattie Alex , Daubs Michael S.
Published: December 2020

This contribution argues that companies such as Apple, Facebook, and Google are increasingly incorporating features that supposedly promote “digital well-being” to forestall regulation of their platforms and services. The inclusion of these features, such as Apple’s Screen Time, frames these commercial platforms as providing a social good by promising to encourage more “intentional” or “mindful” use of social media and mobile devices. As a result, oft-critiqued platforms are increasingly adopting the language of their critics in order to frame themselves as a social good. This strategy mimics that used by radio executives in the United States in the early twentieth century, where the medium developed as a predominantly commercial enterprise. To avoid regulation, it became necessary to perpetuate the perception that commercial broadcasters were also a social good that fulfilled a public service function. Platforms today, we assert, are inadvertently or purposefully adopting a similar tactic to position themselves as leaders in a developing digital wellness market in the hopes of avoiding future governmental regulation.
Infodemic amid the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Shukla Shekhar
Published: December 2020

The unfortunate arrival of the COVID-19 pandemic has also brought along with it a tsunami of information that can be both authentic and important as well as non-reliable and misguiding. The World Health Organization (WHO) coins this outburst of information in this era of pandemic as an infodemic. It becomes essential for societies to consume and act on trusted information in these times of uncertainty and grief. In this article, we describe and assess the role of blockchain technology and its features to establish an environment of a trusted information ecosystem. We present an equivalence mapping of these important parameters to curb an infodemic with blockchain technology features and applications. This equivalence mapping provides a directional sense to stakeholders, decision-makers, policy-makers and investors to gauge and synthesize the potential of blockchain technology for tackling an infodemic.
Diagnosis and treatment of calcific tendinitis of the shoulder
Authors: Kim Min-Su , Kim In-Woo , Lee Sanghyeon , Shin Sang-Jin
Published: December 2020

Calcific tendinitis is the leading cause of shoulder pain. Among patients with calcific tendinitis, 2.7%–20% are asymptomatic, and 35%–45% of patients whose calcific deposits are inadvertently discovered develop shoulder pain. If symptoms are present, complications such as decreased range of motion of the shoulder joint should be minimized while managing pain. Patients with acute calcific tendinitis respond well to conservative treatment and rarely require surgery. In contrast, patients with chronic calcific tendinitis often do not respond to conservative treatment and do require surgery. Clinical improvement takes time, even after surgical treatment. This review article summarizes the processes related to the diagnosis and treatment of calcific tendinitis with the aim of helping clinicians choose appropriate treatment options for their patients.
Sources of Financing High-Tech Projects
Authors: Rybkina Elena Alexandrovna , Demyanova Olga Vladimirovna , Babanova Julia Vladimirovna
Published: December 2020

This article is aimed at considering current sources of financing for high-tech projects. In the article, statistical data confirm the orientation of developed and developing countries' economies towards the generation of high-tech products by the dynamics of added value in high-tech and medium-high-tech industries, respectively - support for high-tech manufacturing enterprises and industries as a whole. Lists of high and medium-high-tech adopted sectors in the Russian Federation, in the United States, and in European nations, and a list of critical technologies are given. Special attention is given to the essence of the high-tech projects, concept, through the implementation of a rise in the share of high-tech products. The article identifies the main characteristics that distinguish a high-tech project from an innovative one. The dynamics of value-added in high-tech and medium-high-tech sectors of the economies of developing and developed countries are studied in conjunction with R & D spending in high-tech sectors of these countries. On the example of the United States (the global leader in the high-tech industry), the structure of financing high-tech projects carried out by companies at the expense of internal financing, that is, own funds is investigated. Based on the Russian Federation, the volumes of attracted cash in the form of grants and the amount of borrowed cash in the form of a subsidy for the implementation of high-tech projects in dynamics for 2012-2018 are investigated.
Sharia Financial Technology in the Development of Bankable Micro Businesses
Authors: Rodliyah Nunung , Hapsari Recca Ayu , Hidayat Aditya Mahatidanar , Hakim Lukmanul , K Ade Oktariatas
Published: December 2020

Fintech is one of the drivers of the existence of a movement to improve MSME finance, especially the lower middle class through Islamic financial institutions. The development of digital technology, including in the Islamic financial industry, has had a major influence with the existence of financial technology (fintech), all forms of transactions are faster, easier, and more efficient, without the need to meet in person. Financial technology collaboration with Islamic financial institutions, especially Islamic banking can increase financial inclusion at MSMEs in Indonesia. The implementation of Fintech in the Islamic banking industry will facilitate and bring business players closer, especially MSMEs to access Islamic financial service products offered and apply for financing directly without having to go directly to the branch offices. Such a model, in addition to making it easier for MSME sector business people to gain financial access, can also improve financial inclusion and improve the performance of Islamic banks. Efforts to increase the capacity of micro businesses that were originally unbankable can be increased to bankable. Where the role of related institutions such as banking and fintech, which is currently becoming popular in the community, can contribute and build micro businesses to become more independent and encourage economic development in Indonesia with the collaboration of banking institutions and micro businesses in financing.
Deposit Insurance Scheme Activities on Deposit Mobilization of International Association of Deposit Insurer Member Countries: Post Coreprinciple Effect
Authors: Offiong Amenawo Ikpa , Bessong Peter Kekung , Felix Arikpo Oka , James Godwin Bassey , Ogar Anthony
Published: December 2020

This study examined deposit insurance schemes’ activities and its effect on deposit mobilization of the International Association of Deposit Insurers (IADI) member countries. The study dwelled on the banking sectors post-core principles of the member countries. The study assessed the effect of deposit insurance fund, deposit insurance cover, deposit insurance premium and deposit fully covered on the total deposit of the banking sectors of 21 member countries of IADI spanning the period 2014 to 2018. Data were sourced from the annual reports of the selected countries Deposit Insurance Agencies. The study adopted the ex-post facto research design. The estimating technique was panel Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). Findings from the analyses showed that deposit insurance scheme activities of member countries did not significantly affect IADI’s member countries banking sectors deposit mobilization after the implementation of the core principle. IADI, as a policy-making body must, therefore, review and localize its core principles and policies in line with member countries’ uniqueness and financial realities through investment in research in member countries to isolate unique factors peculiar to member countries and streamline policies to capture member countries’ financial and economic conditions. IADI should monitor the compliance level of member countries to ensure strict implementation of its policy and principles by member countries.
»Bürokratie« als negative Markierung: Zur Semantik von Staats- und EU-Kritik
Authors: Cancik Pascale
Published: December 2020

Seit 40 Jahren wird in Deutschland Entbürokratisierung versprochen und praktiziert. Das Versprechen suggeriert, der Staat reagiere auf Unbehagen an der Bürokratie - ein Versprechen, das er kaum erfüllen kann. Zugleich marginalisiert der Entbürokratisierungsdiskurs die demokratisch erforderliche Verwaltungs-, Staats- und Rechtskritik. Das funktioniert auch deshalb, weil das Wort Bürokratie nicht als deskriptiver Analysebegriff eingeführt wurde, sondern seit über 200 Jahren einen Diskursraum, eine Markierung für Kritik, Kampf und Ressentiments unterschiedlichster Art eröffnet. Im Beitrag werden die Funktionsweise und mögliche negative Folgen dieser Kritik durch Markierung als Bürokratie diskutiert.
Epigenetic Studies of Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Sobolev Vladimir , Bystritskaya Elizaveta , Svitich Oxana
Published: December 2020

Since the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis could not be explained only by a population genetic and phenotypic profiles, epigenetic regulator factors have been considered. Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in gene expression that are not related to changes in its nucleotide sequence. One of the main classical regulatory mechanisms in human cells is DNA methylation. It is not clear how permanent modifications caused by this process are and whether it is possible to affect them by changing the activity of enzymes that trigger remodeling reactions. In this chapter we analyze all recent studies in this field. We focus more on methylation of innate and adaptive immune factors, with an emphasis on T-lymphocyte genes such as CD3, CD4, and CD8.
Phytoremediation Strategies of Some Plants under Heavy Metal Stress
Authors: Haque Momezul , Biswas Karabi , Narayan Sinha Sankar
Published: December 2020

Environments are polluted with heavy metals across the world because of increase in industrial garbage and sewage. Plants which are grow in polluted areas shows a reduction in growth, performance, productivity. Heavy metals affect physiological and biological process of plants. Heavy metals show metallic properties which are very harmful to the plants. Accumulation of heavy metals in plants through root are caused root malformation reduction in biomass and seed production, decrease in chlorophyll-aand carotenoid content. Phytoremediation is a natural biological process through which plants remove, detoxify or immobilise environmental heavy metals in a growth matrix.
Community Conservation
Authors: Singh Kaleka Amritpal , Preet Kour Bali Gagan
Published: December 2020

Floral and faunal diversity represents the health of an ecosystem. Increase in the number of endangered plants acts as an alarming sign of ecosystem’s imbalance. The ecological failure pose threat to our own health, thus by saving endangered species our own health is being saved. Government, non-profit international organizations, local communities and individuals are working together to protect and restore population levels. Biological Diversity Act (2002) for conservation of biodiversity is a landmark effort by Indian government as it provides mechanisms for knowledge, sustainable use of components of biological diversity and fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of the use of biological resources. The various awareness campaigns have been conducted for local communities with regard to the conservation of endangered species. Both in-situ (on site) and ex-situ (off site) conservation strategies target critical habitats under continuous threat of extinction. Conservation programmes that centred mainly on the local masses which completely depend upon the environment including forests, lakes and wildlife for their needs truly showcase the leadership of local and indigenous communities in protecting biodiversity. The rights of local communities in decision making must be recognized and supported through clear laws and regulations. Sacred groves, a legacy of prehistoric traditions of nature conservation act as an ideal centre for biodiversity conservation. Besides providing vital ecosystem services to people, these are of immense ecological significance. Community conservation is the need of the hour in terms of conserving biodiversity at ground level.
Treatment Analysis of Welding Structure in the Presence of a Crack Type Defects
Authors: Manjgo Mersida , Burzic Meri
Published: December 2020

The largest number of welded structures in operating conditions is exposed to variable loads, which is why the share of fatigue fracture in the failure of welded structures is higher than others. The essence of construction with fracture safety is that the structure can withstand the designed load in the designed time. If a crack is detected during operation, it is possible to predict the development of damage during the service life as well as the load-bearing capacity of the structure depending on the development of damage. The paper describes a new system for monitoring fatigue crack growth, which is based on the change in the resistance of the measuring foil during crack growth. The system is compatible with the basic settings of the ASTM E647–86 standard, which refers to the determination of the fatigue crack growth rate.
Evaluating the Clinical and Cost Effectiveness of Musculoskeletal Digital Health Solutions
Authors: Cheng Glen , Chennuru Nischal , Kwo Liz
Published: December 2020

This chapter will introduce the clinician to the quickly expanding field of musculoskeletal-focused digital apps (MDA), with an eye towards helping the clinician select and recommend MDAs for optimal patient care. MDAs are increasingly being used for physical therapy and rehabilitation, telehealth, pain management, behavioral health, and remote patient monitoring. The COVID-19 pandemic has vastly accelerated the adoption of telehealth and digital health apps by patients and clinicians, and the digital health field will only continue to expand as developers increasingly harness artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) capabilities, coupled with precision medicine capabilities that integrate personal health data tracking and genomics insights. Here we begin with an overview of several types of MDA, before discussing the epidemiology of musculoskeletal conditions and injuries, clinical considerations in selecting a digital health solution, payor reimbursement for digital apps, and regulatory oversight of digital health apps.
Introduction of a Novel Poly-Epitope Vaccine Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection; an Immunoinformatics Approach
Authors: Rashidian Ehsan , Forouharmehr Ali , Jaydari Amin
Published: December 2020

Background: Tuberculosis is known as one of the most dangerous diseases caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Although different strategies have been applied to prevent this disease, it is still considered a killer disease in the world. Objectives: This project was conducted to design a novel poly-epitope vaccine based on three antigenic proteins against tuberculosis. Methods: To design a poly-epitope vaccine, first, the antigenic proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, including Dnak, FbpA, and katG were selected from the database. Then, B cell, MHCI, and MHCII epitopes of the antigenic proteins were predicted using reliable online tools. The best-predicted epitopes were applied to assemble a poly-epitope vaccine. The physicochemical features, the antigenicity of the whole vaccine, and the protein structures of the designed poly-epitope vaccine were evaluated by the most precise tools. Also, the coding DNA sequence of the vaccine was adapted for expression in the prokaryotic system, then, it was theoretically cloned in pET32a (+) vector. Results: The results revealed that the molecular weight and length of the designed poly-epitope vaccine were 32 kDa and 308 amino acids, respectively. The protein structure results demonstrated that the designed poly-epitope vaccine contained 19.48% alpha-helix and 73.05% random coil. Also, the results showed that 92.2% of amino acid residues were located in the favored region. Finally, it was clarified that the antigenicity of the designed poly-epitope vaccine was 12333. Conclusions: According to the results of the current project, it seems that the designed poly-epitope vaccine can be an appropriate candidate to control tuberculosis.
The Effect of Maternal Eating Habits and Diet Modulation on Infantile Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Signs and Symptoms: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Jahangir Maryam , Emaratkar Elham , Nakhaie Shahrbanoo , Sadeghian Mahnaz , Faghihzadeh Soghrat
Published: December 2020

Background: According to the instructions of Iranian traditional medicine (ITM), modification of breast milk through nursing mothers, is the first step in the treatment of infant disorders. In fact, maternal lifestyle, especially diet and eating habits, can change the quality and quantity of breast milk. The modern medical literature emphasizes that exclusive breastfeeding is the optimal nutrition for infants with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Objectives: The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of maternal eating principles and diet based on ITM on infantile GERD symptoms. Methods: Exclusive-breastfeeding, under 5 - month infants with clinical diagnosis of GERD and their nursing mothers, were selected for this 6-weeks parallel randomized, controlled trial. All participants were randomly assigned to the intervention and the control group. The mothers of infants in the intervention group received ITM-based dietary principles, and feeding-positioning modifications were trained to the mothers of all infants of both groups, because of observation of ethical issues (not deprived of standard treatment). Age-Specific Questionnaire for Infants (GSQ-I) was used to assess the frequency and intensity of the GERD symptoms. Measuring the difference between the mean Composite Symptom Score (CSS) in week 0, 4, and 6, between the intervention group and the control group, was the main outcome of this study. Results: Both the intervention and control groups had statistically significant differences in the mean CSS of week 4 and 6 compared with baseline (P < 0.05). Also, there was a significant reduction of the mean CSS values in the intervention group compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Maternal eating principles and diet based on Iranian Traditional Medicine appears to affect the reduction of infantile GERD signs and symptoms.
In Their Image
Authors: Staffin-Wiebe Abra ,   After Dinner Conversation
Published: December 2020

Religion, and the desire to find purpose, and often paramount to culture. In this work of philosophical short story fiction, a priest from earth is sent to another planet to continuing the mission work of his predecessor. The planet is inhabited by “teddies” a people with a deep spiritual faith and a belief that it is only by finding and performing one’s life purpose can they serve God’s role. Those that are unable to find their purpose are willingly put to death so that, according to their belief system, they can be reincarnated and make a new attempt at finding their purpose. The visiting human religious leader is appalled by this religious belief, and the religious culture. He goes against the community by helping those that a poor and hungry. This goes against the culture as the teddies see those that are poor or hungry and serving their purpose; they were born to live hungry and poor. This story, like all After Dinner Conversation stories, has suggested discussion questions at the end.
The Crate
Authors: Rich David ,   After Dinner Conversation
Published: December 2020

How is personal pride, the backlash against political correctness, and the desire to be “better” than those around you, helpful or harmful to society? In this work of philosophical short story fiction, the narrator lives in a divided society. She lives in the American Political Union, a community that has worked hard to stamp out all comparisons between its members so that no one will feel bad about their relative attractiveness, or intelligence. In fact, people are required to move about the city in mobile crates, thus hiding their appearance. Furthermore, it is deemed culturally taboo to brag or express higher value in intellectual accomplishments. The main character, an intelligent student, convinces her friend to jump the border into the Old American Republic, a community where people are judged, sorted, compared, and it is almost impossible to interact with those of higher orders than yourself. The girls escape to the Old American Republic only to find that judging takes many different forms, and that happiness for those that view themselves as superior is not as easily found as is always expected. This story, like all After Dinner Conversation stories, has suggested discussion questions at the end.
And Joy Shall Overtake Us As A Flood
Authors: Peterson David James ,   After Dinner Conversation
Published: December 2020

Are our choices in life, and throughout all time, predetermined, or is there the ability to make different, and better, choices with additional information? In this work of philosophical short story fiction, the main character is an older man who has been disfigured and has, generally, had a horrible life. He is brought into a government facility because they have discovered that he met his older self when he was younger, thus establishing that he must now be sent back in time to take part in the action he has already experienced as his younger self. The government agency explains that time travel does not create a multi-verse, but rather a single chain of events through infinity that has all already happened. So, you cannot go back in time to save Lincoln, because Lincoln was never saved. The main character lies to the agency and decides, while back in time, he will try to warn his childhood self away from the errors of his life. While talking to his childhood self the narrator makes realizations about the younger version of himself and the differences between memory and truth. He also attempts to warn his younger self, but as the government agency made clear, he is unable to do this because, had he been able to do it, he would have experienced it being done when he was younger. This story, like all After Dinner Conversation stories, has suggested discussion questions at the end.
Restless Anger
Authors: Su Ying-Fen ,   National Philosophical Counseling Association
Published: December 2020

In this paper, I discuss how, as part of the Logic-Based Therapy (LBT) Primary Certificate Program offered in Taiwan, I applied LBT to the case of Zhou, a fourth-year graduate school student in the Department of Guidance & Counseling.
Philosophical Practice During End of Life Care
Authors: Delgado Ben ,   National Philosophical Counseling Association
Published: December 2020

This paper applies Logic-Based-Therapy to the context of end of life decisions, with focus on how a medical practitioner can help patients rationally and philosophically confront the impending death of a loved one.
Depression, Anxiety, Powerlessness and Irrational Belief in Unlimited Individual
Authors: Reed Ross Channing ,   National Philosophical Counseling Association
Published: December 2020

Systemic existential conditions are indelible aspects of a client’s reflective and non-reflective modes of consciousness. These conditions impinge upon a client’s ability and willingness to think through his/her situation in the world, as this may serve to highlight the terror of living. Depression, anxiety, and a sense of powerlessness, in conjunction with a contradictory belief in unlimited individual possibility are often translations of and reaction formations against the ontological experience of terror. The problematic nature of terror, as such, is discussed, as are its effects upon those who seek counseling. Sources of terror include but are not limited to the increasing monetization of all facets of contemporary post-Modern society, the collapse of the possibility of a democratic society, the renewed global arms race, the increasing debt load shouldered by individuals, the destruction of liberal arts education, and the wholesale disregard of basic human rights as enumerated in the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights. In sum, an artificially created state of nature could account for currently existing conditions of terror and the attendant consequences of that terror: depression, anxiety, a sense of powerlessness, and an irrational belief in unlimited individual possibility.
An Existential Perspective on Addiction Treatment
Authors: du Plessis Guy ,   National Philosophical Counseling Association
Published: December 2020

In this essay I argue that an adequate understanding of addiction and its recovery should be informed by an existential understanding of human nature. I provide a brief overview of an existential perspective/foundation of addiction and recovery, which will contextualize the remainder of the essay. I then present a case study of how the six-step philosophical practice method of Logic-Based Therapy can assist with issues that often arise in addiction treatment framed through an existential perspective.
The comprehensive approach to EU crisis management: Contexts, lessons identified, and policy implications
Authors: Kammel Arnold , Zyla Benjamin
Published: December 2020

Contemporary military operations take place in complex environments that are populated by multiple civilian and humanitarian actors facing an array of challenging issues that are not precisely 'military' in nature. This has increased the importance of addressing and managing the civil-military interface, particularly that between military and humanitarian organisations. In recognising that their relationship is not harmonious, organisations such as the EU have developed a so-called 'Comprehensive Approach' (CA) to better align the military and civilian responses to fragile states. Surprisingly, the EU's CA has been understudied while its counterparts at NATO and the UN have received much of the attention. This article fills that gap, and shows that although the CA is clearly visible in official EU documents, the EU's practical challenges with implementing and 'living' it remain immense.
Interviewer Effect on the Survey Data in Lithuania: Analysis of Three Surveys
Authors: Ramonaitė Ainė
Published: December 2020

The article analyses the interviewer effect on the data of three public opinion surveys on political attitudes of the population conducted in Lithuania. The study discusses why in international comparative studies Lithuania stands out for its extremely high interviewer effect, which raises serious doubts about the reliability and suitability of the data for analysis. The article, first, reviews the reasons for the interviewer effect and the methods of its measurement and, second, presents the results of multilevel modelling. The analysis of surveys conducted by three different public opinion research agencies reveals that the interviewer effect varies significantly depending on the research agency. The hypotheses on the differences in the interviewer effect related to the nature of the questions were not confirmed, but it was found that the interviewer effect was greater on more abstract and complex questions. In the conclusions, the recommendations for researchers working with surveys on how to control the interviewer effect are provided.
El fin del arbitraje de inversión en Europa
Authors: Simón Razquin María
Published: December 2020

El pasado día 19 de enero de 2019, los representantes de todos los Estados miembros de la Unión Europea firmaron una carta declarando nulos los Acuerdos Intercomunitarios de Protección Recíproca de Inversiones: Con este documento, los gobiernos muestran su respaldo a la Sentencia del Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea de 26 de marzo de 2018 en el asunto Achmea, que había declarado la incompatibilidad de la cláusula de arbitraje incluida en el Tratado Bilateral de Inversiones celebrado en 1991 entre el Reino de los Países Bajos y la República Federal Checa y Eslovaca con el Derecho de la Unión Europea. Los 28 Estados siguen, así, las directrices de la Comisión Europea en su Comunicación de julio de 2018, que declaró la incompatibilidad de estos Tratados Bilaterales de Inversión intra-UE con el Derecho de la Unión. El presente trabajo tiene como objeto realizar un análisis del contenido de la mencionada sentencia, así como de sus consecuencias tras aquella declaración de los Estados miembros y de la Comunicación de la Comisión, con especial hincapié en su incidencia en el arbitraje de inversión en nuestro país.

On January 19th, 2019, the representatives of all the Member States of the European Union signed a letter declaring invalid the Inter Communitary Agreements on Reciprocal Investment Protection, supporting the Judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union of 26 of March 2018 in the Achmea case, which had announced the incompatibility of the arbitration clause included in the Bilateral Investment Treaty concluded in 1991 between the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic with the European Union Law. The 28 States follow the guidelines of the European Commission in its Communication of July 2018, which declared the incompatibility of intra-EU BITs with the European Union law. This paper aims to analyze the content of the aforementioned judgment, as well as its consequence and those of the declaration of the Member States and the Communication of the Commission, with special emphasis on its impact on our country´s investment arbitration.