bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The final steps of [FeFe]-hydrogenase maturation
Authors: Lampret Oliver , Esselborn Julian , Haas Rieke , Rutz Andreas , Booth Rosalind L. , Kertess Leonie , Wittkamp Florian , Megarity Clare F. , Armstrong Fraser A. , Winkler Martin , Happe Thomas
Published: July 2019

Significance

The maturation of each hydrogenase class describes the process that converts an apo-hydrogenase into an active holoenzyme involving a machinery of maturases. For [FeFe]-hydrogenases, the synthesis and insertion of the catalytic dinuclear [2Fe
H
]-cofactor is executed by the 3 maturases (HydE, HydF, and HydG) that have already been studied extensively. However, the final steps of maturation occurring within apo-hydrogenase (cofactor recognition and integration) have not been elucidated yet. Herein, we postulate a molecular mechanism, exemplifying how a synthetic cofactor mimic is directed to its binding cavity, which precisely locks the cofactor to unlock its catalytic potential. Given the striking similarities to the maturation processes of other redox enzymes, these findings illuminate common mechanistic principles that govern cofactor insertion into metalloproteins.
Gid10 as an alternative N-recognin of the Pro/N-degron pathway
Authors: Melnykov Artem , Chen Shun-Jia , Varshavsky Alexander
Published: July 2019

Significance

In eukaryotes, N-degron pathways comprise proteolytic systems whose unifying feature is their ability to recognize proteins containing N-terminal degradation signals called N-degrons, thereby causing degradation of these proteins. Gid4, a subunit of the GID ubiquitin ligase in the yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiae, is the recognition component (N-recognin) of the Pro/N-degron pathway. Gid4 targets proteins by recognizing their N-terminal Pro residues or a Pro at position 2. We identified an uncharacterized Gid4-like yeast protein, termed Gid10. A screen for N-terminal sequence motifs that can bind to Gid10 showed that substrate specificities of Gid10 and Gid4 overlap but are not identical. We also found that Gid10 can function as a specific N-recognin of the GID ubiquitin ligase and the Pro/N-degron pathway.
Plant defenses interact with insect enteric bacteria by initiating a leaky gut syndrome
Authors: Mason Charles J. , Ray Swayamjit , Shikano Ikkei , Peiffer Michelle , Jones Asher G. , Luthe Dawn S. , Hoover Kelli , Felton Gary W.
Published: July 2019

Plants produce suites of defenses that can collectively deter and reduce herbivory. Many defenses target the insect digestive system, with some altering the protective peritrophic matrix (PM) and causing increased permeability. The PM is responsible for multiple digestive functions, including reducing infections from potential pathogenic microbes. In our study, we developed axenic and gnotobiotic methods for fall armyworm (
Spodoptera frugiperda
) and tested how particular members present in the gut community influence interactions with plant defenses that can alter PM permeability. We observed interactions between gut bacteria with plant resistance. Axenic insects grew more but displayed lower immune-based responses compared with those possessing
Enterococcus
,
Klebsiella
, and
Enterobacter
isolates from field-collected larvae. While gut bacteria reduced performance of larvae fed on plants, none of the isolates produced mortality when injected directly into the hemocoel. Our results strongly suggest that plant physical and chemical defenses not only act directly upon the insect, but also have some interplay with the herbivore’s microbiome. Combined direct and indirect, microbe-mediated assaults by maize defenses on the fall armyworm on the insect digestive and immune system reduced growth and elevated mortality in these insects. These results imply that plant–insect interactions should be considered in the context of potential mediation by the insect gut microbiome.
SNX3 drives maturation of Borrelia phagosomes by forming a hub for PI(3)P, Rab5a, and galectin-9
Authors: Klose Matthias , Salloum Johann E. , Gonschior Hannes , Linder Stefan
Published: July 2019

The spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease, is internalized by macrophages and processed in phagolysosomes. Phagosomal compaction, a crucial step in phagolysosome maturation, is driven by contact of Rab5a-positive vesicles with the phagosomal coat. We show that the sorting nexin SNX3 is transported with Rab5a vesicles and that its PX domain enables vesicle–phagosome contact by binding to PI(3)P in the phagosomal coat. Moreover, the C-terminal region of SNX3 recruits galectin-9, a lectin implicated in protein and membrane recycling, which we identify as a further regulator of phagosome compaction. SNX3 thus forms a hub for two distinct vesicle populations, constituting a convergence point for the endosomal recycling machinery, to contribute to phagosome maturation and intracellular processing of borreliae. These data also suggest that the helical shape of B. burgdorferi itself, providing sites of high curvature and thus local PI(3)P enrichment at phagosomes, may be one of the driving elements underlying the efficient elimination of spirochetes by immune cells.
Plastic fantastic innate lymphoid cells
Authors: Lanier Lewis L.
Published: July 2019

In this issue of JEM, Nagasawa et al. (https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20190490) have undertaken a detailed study of the cell surface phenotype, transcriptional profile, and cytokine secretion of ILC progenitor populations in human peripheral blood and tissues and describe markers that highlight the heterogeneity of these chameleons.
Bilateral comparison of 1 Ω and 10 kΩ standards (ongoing BIPM key comparisons BIPM.EM-K13.a and 13.b) between the NIM (The People's Republic of China) and the BIPM
Authors: Rolland B , Stock M , Yunfeng L , Jianting Z , Qing H
Published: July 2019

This report gives the result of a bilateral comparison of resistance between the NIM (The People's Republic of China) and the BIPM carried out at the end of 2018, beginning of 2019. Two 1 Ω and two 10 kΩ travelling standards belonging to the BIPM were used. The comparison was carried out with an 'A-B-A' pattern of measurements; the standards were measured first at the BIPM for a period of about one month, then for a period of one month at the NIM, and finally again at the BIPM. The measurand was the 4 terminal dc resistance at low power. The BIPM was the pilot laboratory, and the comparison forms part of the ongoing BIPM key comparisons BIPM.EM-K13.a (for 1 Ω) and BIPM.EM-K13.b (for 10 kΩ).

The results from the NIM and the BIPM were found to be in good agreement, with a difference smaller than the relative expanded uncertainties (95% confidence, k = 2) for both 1 Ω and 10 kΩ standards. Relative differences are + 0.010 × 10−6 for 1 Ω and − 0.001 × 10−6 for 10 kΩ with a relative expanded uncertainty of 0.034 × 10−6 for 1 Ω and 0.032 × 10−6 for 10 kΩ.

KEY WORDS FOR SEARCH

Resistance; ohm; NIM; The People's Republic of China; BIPM; CIPM MRA; comparison; K13; electricity

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCEM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Quantum Monte Carlo study of the dominating pairing symmetry in doped honeycomb lattice*
Authors: Zhu Xingchuan , Ying Tao , Guo Huaiming , Feng Shiping
Published: July 2019

We perform a systematic determinant quantum Monte Carlo (DQMC) study of the dominating pairing symmetry in a doped honeycomb lattice. The Hubbard model is simulated over a full range of filling levels for both weak and strong interactions. For weak couplings, the d-wave state dominates. The effective susceptibility as a function of filling shows a peak, and its position moves toward half filling as the temperature is increased, from which the optimal filling of the superconducting ground state is estimated. Although the sign problem becomes severe for strong couplings, the simulations access the lowest temperature at which the DQMC method generates reliable results. As the coupling is strengthened, the d-wave state is enhanced in the high-filling region. Our systematic DQMC results provide new insights into the superconducting pairing symmetry in the doped honeycomb lattice.
Influence of annealing treatment on the luminescent properties of Ta:β-Ga2O3 single crystal*
Authors: Yu Xiaowei , Cui Huiayuan , Zhu Maodong , Xia Zhilin , Sai Qinglin
Published: July 2019

Ta5+ doped β-Ga2O3 single crystals were grown by using the optical floating zone method, and then annealed in the air and nitrogen gas at 1400 °C for 20 hours. The transmittance spectra, photoluminescence (PL), x-ray irradiation spectra, and PL decay profiles of the samples were measured at room temperature. The relevant results show that the optical transmittance of the samples annealed in the air or nitrogen gas was improved. By drawing the

(
ahv
)

2

–hv graph, it can be seen that the band gap decreased after being annealed in the air, but increased in nitrogen gas. The PL spectra and x-ray irradiation spectra show that the luminescent intensity of the sample annealed in the air increased substantially, while decreased for the sample annealed in nitrogen. The PL decay time of the Ta:β-Ga2O3 annealed in the air increased significantly compared with that of the Ta:β-Ga2O3 sample without annealing, but the tendency after annealing in nitrogen gas was opposite.
Molecular beam epitaxial growth of high quality InAs/GaAs quantum dots for 1.3-

μ
m

quantum dot lasers*
Authors: Hao Hui-Ming , Su Xiang-Bin , Zhang Jing , Ni Hai-Qiao , Niu Zhi-Chuan
Published: July 2019

Systematic investigation of InAs quantum dot (QD) growth using molecular beam epitaxy has been carried out, focusing mainly on the InAs growth rate and its effects on the quality of the InAs/GaAs quantum dots. By optimizing the growth rate, high quality InAs/GaAs quantum dots have been achieved. The areal quantum dot density is 5.9 × 1010 cm−2, almost double the conventional density (3.0 × 1010 cm−2). Meanwhile, the linewidth is reduced to 29 meV at room temperature without changing the areal dot density. These improved QDs are of great significance for fabricating high performance quantum dot lasers on various substrates.
Modulation of magnetic and electrical properties of bilayer graphene quantum dots using rotational stacking faults*
Authors: Yang Hong-Ping , Yuan Wen-Juan , Luo Jun , Zhu Jing
Published: July 2019

Bilayer graphene quantum dots with rotational stacking faults (RSFs) having different rotational angles were studied. Using the first-principles calculation, we determined that these stacking faults could quantitatively modulate the magnetism and the distribution of spin and energy levels in the electronic structures of the dots. In addition, by examining the spatial distribution of unpaired spins and Bader charge analysis, we found that the main source of magnetic moment originated from the edge atoms of the quantum dots. Our research results can potentially provide a new path for producing all-carbon nanodevices with different electrical and magnetic properties.
Wavelength dependence of intrinsic detection efficiency of NbN superconducting nanowire single-photon detector*
Authors: Wang Yong , Li Hao , You Li-Xing , Lv Chao-Lin , Wang He-Qing , Zhang Xing-Yu , Zhang Wei-Jun , Zhou Hui , Zhang Lu , Yang Xiao-Yan , Wang Zhen
Published: July 2019

Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) have attracted considerable attention owing to their excellent detection performance; however, the underlying physics of the detection process is still unclear. In this study, we investigate the wavelength dependence of the intrinsic detection efficiency (IDE) for NbN SNSPDs. We fabricate various NbN SNSPDs with linewidths ranging from 30 nm to 140 nm. Then, for each detector, the IDE curves as a function of bias current for different incident photon wavelengths of 510–1700 nm are obtained. From the IDE curves, the relations between photon energy and bias current at a certain IDE are extracted. The results exhibit clear nonlinear energy–current relations for the NbN detectors, indicating that a detection model only considering quasiparticle diffusion is unsuitable for the meander-type NbN-based SNSPDs. Our work provides additional experimental data on SNSPD detection mechanism and may serve as an interesting reference for further investigation.
Face recognition system Using Deep Neural Network with Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Fernando Erick , Andwiyan Denny , Fitria Murad Dina , Touriano Derist , Irsan Muhamad
Published: July 2019

Face recognition has long been a hot topic and challenging research point in areas such as image processing, pattern recognition, and machine vision. The face is a biometric feature with the intrinsic nature of a human. So that the face has self-stability, deep individual differences and can be an ideal basis for verification of an identity. In this research use, Deep Learning Network method uses to perform detection or face recognition. In this study, we present a framework that can be used to detect faces. This research is also able to present a DNN model that is used to study data sources from the data stream in sequence. The most important part of this study is able to adjust the capacity of the model from the simple one. This research uses experimental design method. The first step is a collection of face image data. Then the architecture design starts from the determination of the depth of the network, layout layers, and the selection of layer types that will be used to get the model based on input dataset and label name index.
Application of Classification Method C4.5 on Selection of Exemplary Teachers
Authors: Siahaan Hasudungan , Mawengkang Herman , Efendi Syahril , Wanto Anjar , Perdana Windarto Agus
Published: July 2019

The study aims to analyze the selection of exemplary teachers using C4.5 algorithm, which is one of the existing decision tree methods in data mining theory. Teacher data was obtained from the school in SMA Negeri 2 Pematangsiantar (2010-2016). The data used contains information about teacher history and teacher assessment data. This research uses interview technique and questionnaire in obtaining data. There are 11 attributes used in the assessment process: NUPTK, name, age, education, status, Appointment Letter, competence, award, work, teaching load, personality, Position, and label. The system has been tested using the Rapidminer application with 16 data samples. Where the rules are obtained as many as 24 rules. The level of accuracy of the system states that four of the ten attributes have a very significant correlation to the model of relationship rules in determining the proposed model teacher, such as (Position, competence, education, and personality). The four attributes (Position, competence, education, and personality) contribute 82.8% to the model of the rule of connectedness rules in determining the best teacher.
Improving One-Time Pad Algorithm on Shamir’s Three-Pass Protocol Scheme by Using RSA and ElGamal Algorithms
Authors: Purnomo Sidik Agung , Efendi Syahril , Suherman Suherman
Published: July 2019

This study aims to cover the shortcomings of the one-time pad algorithm used in the Shamir’s three-pass protocol scheme. In this study, the technique used to cover the weakness of one-time pad algorithm is by changing each ciphertext generated from the three paths in the three pass protocol scheme. Ciphertext modification is performed by encrypting the cipher-text by using the RSA and Elgamal algorithms to generate super ciphertext. The first line and the third line are encrypted by using the RSA algorithm and the second line is using ElGamal algorithm. Both algorithms are aimed at keeping no secret key exchange which is a major requirement of the three pass protocol scheme. The evaluation results show that the weakness of one-time pad algorithm can be overcome. Although the processing time of three pass protocol increases, but the longer the plaintext character the closer the processing time ratio to one. The research showsThe only way for plaintext to be formed by cryptoanalysis is they must succeed to decrypt the three super ciphertexts back into the three initial ciphertexts first. But it is not easy if RSA and ElGamal algorithms use the big prime number.
A Strategy using Social Media to Increase Students Engagement in E-Learning for the Equivalency Education Program (E-LEEP)
Authors: Betty Yel Mesra , Sfenrianto Sfenrianto , Wang Gunawan , Nurul Fajar Ahmad
Published: July 2019

Social media can be used to support learning activities in non-formal education. The utilization of social media by students can be seen as a strategy to improve the students’ engagement in e-Learning. It is an important goal for the e-Learning of non-formal education. This study aims to propose a strategy using social media to increase students engagement in E-Learning for the Equivalency Education Program (SosMed E-LEEP strategy). This strategy has several key components. These components are students, social media, E-LEEP, and Students Engagement. SosMed E-LEEP Strategy consists of sharing activities, getting information, discussing, and interacting with students and Tutor, and for learning purpose. Each of these strategic activities is expected to improve students engagement, namely: access to learning materials, forum discussion activities, and assignment uploading.
Cultural Aspects Influencing the Application of E-Learning: A Literature Review
Authors: Permatasari I , Sensuse D I , Santoso H B
Published: July 2019

This research was carried out to identify the influence of cultural aspects on the user experience in applying e-Learning in education. The approach applied in this study is limited to the e-Learning assessment system, which focuses on human-computer interactions but ignores the unique characteristic of the users. Culture is one of the influences that shapes the human pattern of thinking in response to action which results in a reaction. Therefore, investigating the users’ characteristic requires a unification in terms of cultural factors and dimensions (aspects) which are the focus of the findings in this literature review. This paper has found 15 cultural dimensions with six of them that are cultural concepts adopted from Hofstede’s theory, while the other nine are non-Hofstede or compiled theories. The other factor brought up by several researchers in the literature study is the socio-economic factor, but to be considered as a supporting factor (external factor) as it indirectly influences the user experience, and it’s the limitation from this literature. In addition to the cultural aspects, the research was also able to construct a framework to measure the usability of e-Learning application based on the user experience.
Vernam Cipher with Complement Method and Optimization Key with Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Rahman Dalimunthe Aulia , Mawengkang Herman , Suwilo Saib , Nazam Ahmad
Published: July 2019

Integrity is important aspect on the process of exchange data, because the originality of the data sent must be kept confidentiality from the irresponsible attacker. One of the algorithm on cryptography is Vernam Cipher which main focus on XOR operation for encryption and decryption process. The key length and the complexity of algorithm for key determination are very influential to avoid attacks. This aim of study is to modify Vernam Cipher with addition 2’s complement operation on encryption, decryption and key optimizing. Modified Vernam cipher generate random key by genetic approach to improve level of security and complexity of the algorithm.
3D anatomy learning system using Virtual Reality and VR Controller
Authors: Fahmi F , Nainggolan F , Siregar B
Published: July 2019

Anatomy is the branch of biological science in medical education that focuses on structured parts of living things, especially the human body. This subject is quite difficult to learn especially if only done by reading a book. Technological developments, especially applications based on 3 dimensions, are expected to help the learning process of this science subject. In this study, we proposed the use of virtual reality (VR) with an assigned controller as a tool for studying anatomy. With VR along with the controller, users experienced immersive experience while studying anatomy that they cannot get through learning by reading books only.
Identification of Retinoblastoma Using the Extreme Learning Machine
Authors: Jaya I , Andayani U , Siregar B , Febri T , Arisandi D
Published: July 2019

Retinoblastoma is cancer on the retina that often occurs in infants and children that can cause blindness and even death. The cause of retinoblastoma is due to the mutation of the RB1 gene which keeps retinal cells reproducing until the tumor grows on the retina. In general, to identify a retinoblastoma the doctor uses an ophthalmoscope that shines brightly through the pupil to examine the back of the eye and see the presence of white or yellowish white tumor lesions in the eye. In addition, the examination is also done by analyzing the retinal fundus image from the fundus camera. The image of the fundus camera is re-analyzed by a doctor or expert to determine whether or not there is retinoblastoma. Therefore, a system is needed to help the expert to diagnose retinoblastoma. The method used in this study is the extreme learning machine. Retinal fundus images are used as input images to identify retinoblastoma. Before being identified, pre-processing of the image is carried out, it consists of scaling, green channel, contrast stretching, thresholding, and feature extraction using the zoning method. From this study, it was concluded that the proposed method had the ability to identify retinoblastoma with an accuracy of 92%.
Optimizing Lot Size of Flexible Job Shop Problems by Considering Expiration Aspect
Authors: Suzana Yenny , Mawengkang Herman , Ramli Marwan , Salim Sitompul Opim
Published: July 2019

Production planning for manufacturing companies is an aspect to meet production needs for production process. The production need of fish canning companies is uncertainty aspect and this includes in the flexible job shop system, the issues of uncertainty. The process of fulfilling the needs with consideration of expiration in the fish canning company is to optimize lot size with assumption that customer demand can be met on time without reducing consumer trust. Mathematical formulations used to meet the needs of the FJSS problem use lot-sizing techniques in making decisions. Stochastic programs can be used to obtain the desired formulation. Solution for ordering quantities and the number of quantities ordered plus expiration considerations are formulated with mixed integer linear programing.
The cryptanalysis of the Rabin public key algorithm using the Fermat factorization method
Authors: Budiman M A , Rachmawati D , Utami R
Published: July 2019

As a public key cryptography algorithm, the Rabin algorithm has two keys, i.e., public key (n) and private key (p, q). The security of Rabin algorithm relies on the difficulty of factoring very large numbers, so the greater the private keys are used, the better the security becomes. In order to test how hard it is to cryptanalyze the Rabin public key n, we use the Fermat factorization method to obtain the values of p and q. After obtaining the factors, both of these factors are tested whether or not they are in accordance with the Rabin private key requirements. The first is to test whether or not the factors are prime numbers using Fermat Little Theorem. The second is to test whether or not the factors are congruent to 3 in modulo 4. If the results of the two tests turn out to be positive, then the factors are indeed p and q, the private keys of the Rabin algorithm. The result of our experiment indicates that the value of public key n does not have a directly proportional correlation to the factoring time. A factor which may affect the factoring time is the difference between the private keys (p - q): the larger the difference, the longer the factoring time.
The implementation of RC4+ and Variably Modified Permutation Composition algorithms in the three-pass protocol scheme for data security
Authors: Budiman M A , Rachmawati D , Badegeil R A
Published: July 2019

The science and art that is used to take care of message security by encoding messages into obfuscated forms is called cryptography. In cryptography, there are two types of algorithms, which are symmetric and asymmetric algorithms. The RC4+ algorithm and the Variably Modified Permutation Composition (VMPC) algorithm are examples of symmetric algorithms in the form of stream ciphers where the process of encryption and decryption is done by using the same key. To achieve the security objectives, these two algorithms are then used and applied into the three-pass protocol scheme. The three-pass protocol is a cryptographic scheme for sending and receiving messages that allows one party to securely send messages to a second party without the need to exchange the keys. As a result, this research succeeded in securing text file with (*.docx) dan (*.pdf) and can restore the data back as before by combining the RC4+ algorithm and the Variably Modified Permutation Composition (VMPC) algorithm in the three-pass protocol scheme. The theoretical complexity of these two algorithms is θ(n) both for encryption and decryption. The actual running time is directly proportional to the length of the character of a file.
Identification of Cervical Cancer Cells using Backpropagation
Authors: Fajriani  , Rahmat R F , Purnamawati S
Published: July 2019

Cervical cancer is the growth of abnormal cells in the cervix. In general, cervical cancer can be early detected through Pap smear. This examination aims to see the existence of changes in cell shape from digital microscopic images, but it is still manually performed. Therefore, a method is required to identify the cell of cervical cancer automatically. Under this research, the proposed method consists of three primary processes. The initial stage is image input. The process continues to the pre-processing phase which involves scaling, grey-scaling, median filter and thresholding. The final step is identification process using Backpropagation to determine the normal and abnormal cells of cervical cancer. In this research, the training and testing processes used 40 data and 20 data respectively. According to the conducted test, 18 data were correctly identified as the expected output. The study concluded the proposed method performs well in identifying the cervical cancer cells with an accuracy rate of 90%.
Identification of Retinoblastoma Using Backpropagation Neural Network
Authors: Andayani U , Siregar B , Eka Sandri Widya , Muchtar M A , Syahputra M F , Fahmi F , Nasution T H
Published: July 2019

Retinoblastoma (eye cancer) is an eye disease that is usually suffered by children that attack the thin nerve tissue behind the eyes (the part which is sensitive to light). Retinoblastoma can attack one or both eyes and it is a type of disease that can be caused by a genetic mutation called Retinoblastoma1 (RB1). On manual physical examination using ophthalmoscopy by a doctor or an expert there is a yellowish white / white cancer on the fundus that is often caused by the vascularization. That is why it needs a method that can be done to identify retinoblastoma disease through retinal fundus images automatically. In this research the method used is Backpropagation Neural Network using input of retinal fundus image. The stages which is done to identify retinoblastoma disease are image processing (resize, grey scaling, morphological close operation, and optic disk elimination), feature extraction using Grey Level Co-occurrence Matrix method and then classification using backpropagation neural network. After testing on the system in this research, it was concluded that the method used is able to identify retinoblastoma disease with accuracy 90%.
Fish Species Classification Using Probabilistic Neural Network
Authors: Andayani U , Wijaya Alex , Rahmat R F , Siregar B , Syahputra M F
Published: July 2019

The number of varieties of fish species in the same family causes difficulties in classifying fish species directly. Currently, the process of fish species classification accomplished in the fisheries section uses direct eye observations and knowledge assumption and then compares the existing characteristics with reference books. Therefore, an image processing and neural network approach are needed to classify fish species effectively and efficiently. In this study, there are three fish species classified in the Scombridae family, those are skipjack tuna, tongkol, and tuna with ‘out of water’ conditions. The proposed approach utilizes ROI (Region of Interest) in the form of a fish belly. The combination of GIM (Geometric Invariant Moment) feature extraction, GLCM (Grey Level Co-occurrence Matrix) texture feature extraction, and HSV (Hue Saturation Value) colour feature extraction was used to extract features in the image. For the process of determining the type of fish species, the method used is Probabilistic Neural Network. Based on the results of research on 112 images of data training and 29 images of data testing, an accuracy rate of 89.65% was obtained.
Augmented Reality for Presenting Local Wisdom: Sumatera Utara Traditional House
Authors: Syahputra M F , Aulia R , Sitompul O S , Andayani U , Abdullah D , Sriadhi S , Nanuru R F , Utama M D , Manurung R T , Djanggih H , Mouw E
Published: July 2019

Augmented Reality is a technology that allows users to see the real world, with virtual objects placed on it or combined with the real world. Augmented Reality itself can be applied to various things, including as an educational media. In the field of education, technology can be used a culture introduction to society. One part of Indonesian culture is traditional houses. Traditional house is a building that symbolizes the culture of the local community. In North Sumatra itself, there are several traditional houses that have different forms. The use of Vuforia SDK in the construction of this application can display augmented objects in the form of 3-dimentional objects and also provide information on the house. This application will run on the Android mobile platform to make it easier for users to access it. In addition, users can choose their own objects to be used as markers to make the application use much easier.
Diabetic Retinopathy Identification using Deep Believe Network
Authors: Syahputra M F , Rahmah M , Jaya I , Andayani U , Abdullah D , Sriadhi S , Lalusu E Y , Tongko M , Cahya B D , Fardian N
Published: July 2019

Diabetic retinopathy is an eye disease caused by swelling in blood vessels. If it gets worse the blood vessels will rupture and this is the main factor of blindness. This disease is rarely found in children and symptoms can be seen during puberty. One way to find out this disease is a wide and comprehensive pupil jerky eye examination performed by an ophthalmologist manually. Manual examination takes a long time and can cause misidentification because the similarity of characteristics of diabetic retinopathy is difficult to see directly. Because of this problem a method is needed that can facilitate the eye doctor in identifying diabetic retinopathy by simply inserting a retinal image into the system. The method proposed in this study is Deep Belief Network (DBN). The steps taken before identification are the image of the retina undergoing pre-processing in the form of grayscale, median filter, contrast stretching, morphological close operation and feature extraction using the Grey level Counselling Matrix (GLCM). In this study it was shown that the proposed method was able to identify diabetic retinopathy with 84% accuracy, sensitivity 93%, and specificity 70%.
Forensic in information technology: A redefinition
Authors: Nasution M K M
Published: July 2019

The foundation for the development of theory is the definition. In a scientific culture, definitions force a scientific field to be present. However, the term and meaning always present a different framework for definition. This paper aims to redefine computer forensic science based on the existence of forensic terms and the relationship between these terms. A new definition is completed based on the reciprocal function of this field, a definition related to information technology.
Building the Application to Identify Incorrect Capital Letters Writing in Bahasa Indonesia
Authors: Gunawan D , Amalia A , Maringga O N
Published: July 2019

Ejaan Bahasa Indonesia (EBI) is a set of writing rules in Bahasa Indonesia which is implemented since 2015 according to the government rule Peraturan Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia Nomor 5 Tahun 2015. This new set of rules replaces previously implemented rules which are known as Ejaan Yang Disempurnakan (EYD). The capital letter rule is one of the elements of EBI. According to the official dictionary of Bahasa Indonesia, the capital letter is a letter which has a bigger size and particular form than the common letter. This research yields an application to identify the incorrect capital letter writing in Bahasa Indonesia based on the user input. The application implements Part of Speech Tagging (POS), Named Entity Recognition (NER), N-Gram and set of rules based on EBI. As the conclusion, the application is able to check 81.57% words that should be written in capital form.
Design of the research problem statement
Authors: Nasution Mahyuddin K M , Onrizal  , Aulia Indra
Published: July 2019

This paper aims to provide an understanding of designing a problem statement that must be present in every research proposal or other scientific work. A study, from proposals to scientific papers, requires a problem statement. The design of the program statement is basically always present from research interests. Objectives as a translation of the problem statement will be described through a methodology that matches the answers to be given to the interests. In the industry 4.0 era, problem statement in research prioritize innovation or change to improve welfare.
Facial Recognition for Car Security System Using Fisherface Method
Authors: Rahmat R F , Loi M P , Faza S , Arisandi D , Budiarto R
Published: July 2019

The increasing crime of car theft proves that there is still a frail security system installed on the car. Apart from the expertise possessed by the car thieves, the crime of car theft can also occur due to the negligence of the car owner in leaving his car. One of the examples is leaving the car when the engine is on. This is the main reason for car owners to have an advanced security system. The application of biometrics technology is expected to be a solution for improving the car security system. One of the biometrics technologies to be applied in car security systems is facial recognition technology. In this study, facial recognition is in real-time using the fisherface method to improve the security system of a car when the engine is still on. The results show that the fisherface method performs well with an accuracy of 83.04%. The results indicate that the facial recognition application using the fisherface method is one of the most effective solutions in improving car security systems.
Descendant log Gromov-Witten invariants for toric varieties and tropical curves
Authors: Mandel Travis , Ruddat Helge
Published: July 2019

Using degeneration techniques, we prove the correspondence of tropical curve counts and log Gromov-Witten invariants with general incidence and psi-class conditions in toric varieties for genus zero curves. For higher-genus situations, we prove the correspondence for the non-superabundant part of the invariant. We also relate the log invariants to the ordinary ones, in particular explaining the appearance of negative multiplicities in the descendant correspondence result of Mark Gross.
Topographic drivers of flight altitude over large spatial and temporal scales
Authors: Duerr Adam E , Miller Tricia A , Dunn Leah , Bell Douglas A , Bloom Peter H , Fisher Robert N , Tracey Jeffrey A , Katzner Todd E
Published: July 2019

Bird movements vary spatially and temporally, but the primary drivers that explain such variation can be difficult to identify. For example, it is well known that the availability of updraft influences soaring flight and that topography interacts with weather to produce these updrafts. However, the influences of topography on flight are not well understood. We determined how topographic characteristics influenced flight altitude above ground level (AGL) of a large soaring bird, the Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos), over several regions within the State of California, USA. Primary drivers of flight AGL, those to which eagles showed the same response at all spatial scales, were topographic roughness, ground elevation and the east-west component of aspect (eastness). Each of these is related to formation of thermal updrafts. Secondary drivers, those to which eagles showed region-specific patterns, included topographic position, percent slope, and the north-south component of aspect (northness). In contrast to primary drivers, these secondary drivers were related to formation of both thermal and orographic updrafts. Overall, drivers of flight altitudes that were related to thermal updrafts showed different levels of complexity due to spatial and temporal variation of those drivers than did flight altitudes related to orographic updrafts.
Predator search image and the dilution effect: When is the best time to nest?
Authors: Duca Charles , Brunelli Walquiria A , Doherty Paul F
Published: July 2019

The predator search image hypothesis predicts that predators will focus on prey that are abundant and with which they have had success. However, the predator dilution effect hypothesis predicts a decrease in the per capita chance of being depredated with an increasing amount of prey. We evaluated these hypotheses through an artificial nest survival study. We estimated nest survival during both the non-breeding and breeding seasons of 2014 at a restinga (sand-coastalplain) area in southeastern Brazil. We installed 450 artificial nests (cup shaped) in each season and placed a Common quail (Coturnix coturnix) egg in each nest, totaling 900 nests. During the non-breeding season, our nests were the only ones present and thus the predator dilution effect should be absent. We estimated daily survival rate (DSR) using the “Nest Survival” function in the program MARK. We found a decrease in DSR at the middle and end in comparison with the onset of the non-breeding season, which supports the predator search image hypothesis. In comparison with the nonbreeding season, we also found that DSR of artificial nests was lower at the onset and end of the breeding season, but higher in the middle of the breeding season. This pattern matched the higher availability of prey (i.e. natural nests) in the middle of the breeding season in the study site, supporting the dilution effect hypothesis. The survival rate of artificial nests suggests that both the search image and the dilution effect may occur during the breeding season, and that the predator dilution effect masks the predator search image in the middle of the breeding season. Our results expand our understanding regarding the effects of the search image and predator dilution effect hypotheses on nest predation, showing that both are density-dependent and may occur during the breeding season
First-in-Human Randomized Study to Assess the Safety and Immunogenicity of an Investigational Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Vaccine Based on Chimpanzee-Adenovirus-155 Viral Vector–Expressing RSV Fusion, Nucleocapsid, and Antitermination Viral Proteins in Healthy Adults
Authors: Cicconi Paola , Jones Claire , Sarkar Esha , Silva-Reyes Laura , Klenerman Paul , de Lara Catherine , Hutchings Claire , Moris Philippe , Janssens Michel , Fissette Laurence A , Picciolato Marta , Leach Amanda , Gonzalez-Lopez Antonio , Dieussaert Ilse , Snape Matthew D
Published: July 2019

Background

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease is a major cause of infant morbidity and mortality. This Phase I, randomized, observer-blind, placebo- and active-controlled study evaluated an investigational vaccine against RSV (ChAd155-RSV) using the viral vector chimpanzee-adenovirus-155, encoding RSV fusion (F), nucleocapsid, and transcription antitermination proteins.

Methods

Healthy 18–45-year-old adults received ChAd155-RSV, a placebo, or an active control (Bexsero) at Days (D) 0 and 30. An escalation from a low dose (5 × 109 viral particles) to a high dose (5 × 1010 viral particles) occurred after the first 16 participants. Endpoints were solicited/unsolicited and serious adverse events (SAEs), biochemical/hematological parameters, cell-mediated immunogenicity by enzyme-linked immunospot, functional neutralizing antibodies, anti RSV-F immunoglobin (Ig) G, and ChAd155 neutralizing antibodies.

Results

There were 7 participants who received the ChAd155-RSV low dose, 31 who received the ChAd155-RSV high dose, 19 who received the placebo, and 15 who received the active control. No dose-related toxicity or attributable SAEs at the 1-year follow-up were observed. The RSV-A neutralizing antibodies geometric mean titer ratios (post/pre-immunization) following a high dose were 2.6 (D30) and 2.3 (D60). The ratio of the fold-rise (D0 to D30) in anti-F IgG over the fold-rise in RSV-A–neutralizing antibodies was 1.01. At D7 after the high dose of the study vaccine, the median frequencies of circulating B-cells secreting anti-F antibodies were 133.3/106 (IgG) and 16.7/106 (IgA) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The median frequency of RSV-F–specific interferon γ–secreting T-cells after a ChAd155-RSV high dose was 108.3/106 PBMCs at D30, with no increase after the second dose.

Conclusions

In adults previously naturally exposed to RSV, ChAd155-RSV generated increases in specific humoral and cellular immune responses without raising significant safety concerns.

Clinical Trials Registration

NCT02491463.
Resource selection and wintering phenology of White-winged Scoters in southern New England: Implications for offshore wind energy development
Authors: Meattey Dustin E , McWilliams Scott R , Paton Peter W C , Lepage Christine , Gilliland Scott G , Savoy Lucas , Olsen Glenn H , Osenkowski Jason E
Published: July 2019

Southern New England provides key wintering habitat for White-winged Scoters (Melanitta fusca). This area has also pioneered the development of offshore wind energy in North America. The U.S. Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) has established 9 Wind Energy Area (WEA) lease blocks along the Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf in areas that may provide important staging and wintering habitat for scoters and other species of sea ducks. Concern over the potential impact of offshore wind energy on sea duck populations has led to efforts to develop models to understand their distribution, habitat use, and site fidelity. We used satellite telemetry to document winter phenology and site fidelity, as well as fine-scale resource selection and habitat use, of 40 White-winged Scoters along the southern New England continental shelf. Scoters spent over half of the annual cycle on the wintering grounds and demonstrated a high degree of interannual site fidelity to composite core-use areas. Sizes of individual 50% core-use home ranges were variable (X¯ = 868 km2; range: 32–4,220 km2) and individual 95% utilization distributions ranged widely (X¯ = 4,388 km2; range: 272–18,235 km2). More than half of all tagged birds occupied 2 or more discrete core-use areas that were up to 400 km apart. Throughout the study area, scoters selected areas with lower salinity, lower sea surface temperature, higher chlorophyll-a concentrations, and higher hard-bottom substrate probability. Resource selection function models classified 18,649 km2 (23%) of the study area as high probability of use, which included or immediately bordered ~420 km2 of proposed WEA lease blocks. Future offshore wind energy developments in the region should avoid key habitats highlighted by this study and carefully consider the environmental characteristics selected by sea ducks when planning and siting future WEAs.
Liberalized harvest regulations have not affected overabundant Snow Geese in Northern Manitoba
Authors: Koons David N , Aubry Lise M , Rockwell Robert F
Published: July 2019

Large amounts of money are spent each year to control overabundant species that imperil biodiversity and ecosystem functioning across the globe. Lesser Snow Geese (Anser caerulescens caerulescens) are emblematic of this issue, as their overabundance has affected a whole suite of plant, insect, and bird communities via a trophic cascade that managers have attempted to stop before it spreads further across the North American (sub)Arctic. To achieve this goal, liberalized harvest measures designed to decrease Lesser Snow Goose survival and abundance were implemented almost 2 decades ago. Our previous quantitative assessment of management effectiveness indicated that the growing Lesser Snow Goose population quickly overwhelmed a satiated hunter population despite liberalized harvest regulations, eventually reducing the fraction of Lesser Snow Geese being harvested each year. Consistent with the philosophy of adaptive resource management, we apply improved methods to additional years of monitoring data to evaluate the ongoing impact of harvest conservation efforts on Lesser Snow Goose harvest rates. Our previous results suggested little effect of liberalized harvest regulations on harvest rates, but our new findings suggest even less of an impact. Harvest rates have recently stabilized at ~3%, the lowest levels observed over the last 48 yr of our study. Barring adverse effects of environmental change on natural mortality or reproductive success, additional measures will need to be taken to reduce Lesser Snow Goose overabundance and their ecosystem damage.
Humanitarianism under attack
Authors: Munslow Barry
Published: July 2019

Attacks on humanitarianism are threefold. First, in conflict zones, over the past decade attacks on humanitarian health facilities and personnel are increasingly documented, along with a decline in respect for core humanitarian principles by state and non-state actors, and this will continue. Second, growing instrumentalisation, a failure to adequately fund the sector, antimigrant/refugee populism on the rise and the protracted nature of many crises are provoking a shift away from humanitarian to development healthcare aid over the next decade, intended to keep refugees far away from developed countries by encouraging their integration into immediate neighbouring states. This undermines humanitarian healthcare emergency response capacity. Third, the climate crisis will massively increase humanitarian healthcare needs among the most vulnerable over the next decade and challenge the sector to respond across all its programmes, not least as it absorbs a renewed youthful agency elsewhere in climate protest.