bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
СУПУТНЯ ІШЕМІЧНА ХВОРОБА СЕРЦЯ ЯК ФАКТОР ЗНИЖЕННЯ ЯКОСТІ ЖИТТЯ ХВОРИХ НА ХРОНІЧНИЙ ПАНКРЕАТИТ
Authors: Melnyk N. A. , Babinets L. S. , Fedoriv O. E. , Kopach O. E.
Published: August 2019

Актуальність проблеми хронічного панкреатиту зростає через те, що у 15,5 % пацієнтів із захворюваннями шлунково-кишкового тракту, в тому числі з панкреатитом, виникає ішемічна хвороба серця. Велике медико-соціальне значення як хронічного панкреатиту, так й ішемічної хвороби серця визначають їх значним внеском у патологію людей соціально активного віку, великими витратами на діагностику і лікування, зниженням якості життя.

Мета дослідження – вивчити і порівняти якість життя пацієнтів із хронічним панкреатитом відносно хворих на хронічний панкреатит та супутню ішемічну хворобу серця.

Матеріали і методи. Дослідження склали 52 пацієнтів із хронічним панкреатитом і супутньою ішемічною хворобою серця та 30 хворих з ізольованим хронічним панкреатитом. Якість життя усіх пацієнтів оцінювали за допомогою загального медичного опитувальника – the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item (SF-36) і спеціалізованого гастроентерологічного опитувальника the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS).

Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. У ході дослідження було встановлено достовірно нижчу якість життя у пацієнтів із коморбідним перебігом хронічного панкреатиту та ішемічної хвороби серця як психологічним, так і фізичним компонентом здоров’я (відповідно до опитувальника SF-36) (р<0,05). Аналізуючи дані опитування хворих основної групи за допомогою спеціалізованого гастроентерологічного опитувальника GSRS, було встановлено, що провідне місце в клініці захворювання займають больовий, диспепсичний та діарейний синдроми (р<0,05).

Висновки. Пацієнти із хронічним панкреатитом і супутньою ішемічною хворобою серця мали статистично значимо нижчий рівень якості життя за усіма шкалами як неспецифічного опитувальника SF-36, так і специфічного гастроентерологічного опитувальника GSRS щодо таких у групі хворих з ізольованим хронічним панкреатитом.
НЕЙРОВАСКУЛЯРНІ ПОРУШЕННЯ, МЕДІАТОРНО-СУДИННІ ВПЛИВИ НА НЕЙРОПРОВІДНІСТЬ КОРІНЦІВ СПИННОГО МОЗКУ, АСПЕКТИ ЇХ КОРЕКЦІЇ
Authors: Pogorelov V. V. , Bagmut I. Yu. , Zhukov V. I.
Published: August 2019

Спондилогенна компресія корінців спинного мозку (КСМ) призводить до порушення кровотоку в епідурально-судинному сплетенні (ЕСС), стазу крові, набряку та локального судинного запалення із порушенням функції ендотелію. Велике значення у цьому процесі відіграють ЕТ-1, оксид азоту, інтерлейкіни, фактори коагуляції, медіатори порушення стінки ЕСС. Вони зв’язуються зі специфічними рецепторами на мембранах гладко-м’язових клітин, спричиняють дисфункцію ендотелію судин, спонукають до вазоконстрикції, що є одним з механізмів розвитку ішемії у КСМ. Мета дослідження – визначити медіатори ушкодження при компресії епідурального судинного сплетення (ЕСС) та з’ясувати можливості впливу холіну альфосцерату на процес нейропровідності корінців спинного мозку. Матеріали і методи. У 31 хворого з хронічною формою компресії ЕСС на тлі загальної терапії і у 27 пацієнтів із гострою формою компресії ЕСС на тлі загальної терапії із включенням холіну альфосцерату та у 29 практично здорових осіб, які увійшли до групи контролю, до і після лікування визначали динаміку змін показників ендотеліну-1 (ЕТ-1), матриксної металопретеїнази (ММП-1), інформаційних молекул: інтерлейкіну-1β (ІЛ-1β), фактора некрозу пухлин (ФНП) та молекул судинної і міжклітинної адгезії (sVCAM-1 і sICAM-1). Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. Було виявлено взаємозв’язок між зміною показників ЕТ-1, підвищенням рівня ММП-1, інформаційних молекул та молекул судинної і міжклітинної адгезії, що свідчить про імуносудинне запалення, яке є одним із механізмів патогенезу компресії ЕСС. Під впливом холіну альфосцерату відмічали поліпшення стану хворих, зменшення інтенсивності болю та відновлення нейропровідності. Висновки. При гострій формі компресії ЕСС вказували на підвищення ЕТ-1, експресії молекул sVCAM-1і sICAM-1 та ММП-1, ІЛ-1β і ФНП-α. Збільшення цих показників, особливо sICAM-1 і ММП-1, може свідчити про зростання ступеня активності судинного запалення ЕСС, що дає можливість підвищити контроль за ефективністю лікування. Клініко-лабораторні зміни підтверджують відновлення нейропровідності під впливом холіну альфосцерату в пацієнтів із компресією корінців спинного мозку.
ВИКОРИСТАННЯ СТРЕС-ТЕСТУ ПРИ СОНОГРАФІЇ В РАННІЙ ДІАГНОСТИЦІ УШКОДЖЕНЬ ЛАТЕРАЛЬНОЇ ГРУПИ ЗВ’ЯЗОК ПРИ ІНВЕРСІЙНІЙ ТРАВМІ НАДП’ЯТКОВО-ГОМІЛКОВОГО СУГЛОБА
Authors: Hrubar Y.O. , Hrubar Y. Y. , Gnatko V. V.
Published: August 2019

Гострі ушкодження зв’язкового апарату надп’ятково-гомілкового суглоба є одними з найпоширеніших видів травм опорно-рухової системи. До даного типу ушкоджень переважно залучається латеральний зв’язковий комплекс, що включає передню надп’ятково-малогомілкову зв’язку, п’ятково-малогомілкову та задню надп’ятково-малогомілкову зв’язки. Мета дослідження – оцінити можливості ультразвукового дослідження з використанням стрес-тестів при різних ступенях ушкодження латеральної групи зв’язок надп’ятково-гомілкового суглоба унаслідок гострої інверсійної травми. Матеріали і методи. У діагностиці ушкоджень зв’язкового апарату надп’ятково-гомілкового суглоба пріоритетним залишається первинний огляд пацієнта лікарем-травматологом. При показаннях виконують рентгенографію з метою виключення переломів. У стандартну процедуру додаткових методів дослідження для оцінки ушкоджень опорно-рухового апарату включено сонографію. УЗД має ряд переваг над додатковими методами дослідження, а саме, комп’ютерною томографією та магнітно-резонансною томографією для оцінки стану зв’язкового апарату суглобів, зокрема здатність проводити динамічну оцінку та стрес-тести в реальному часі, уникаючи ризиків радіаційної експозиції. Одночасно проводили сонографічне дослідження травмованого та контрлатерального суглоба апаратами Aloka SSD 2000 і Acuson Antares (Siemens) з використанням високочастотних широкосмугових датчиків із робочою частотою 7–12 МГц. Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. У дослідженні взяли участь 43 пацієнтів віком від 19 до 48 років із гострою інверсійною травмою зв’язок надп’ятково-гомілкового суглоба, з них ‒ 26 (60,47 %) чоловіків та 17 (39,53 %) жінок. Середній вік обстежуваних становив (26,3±4,8) року. Обстеження в більшості випадків проводили на 4–6 день із моменту травми після обов’язкового попереднього огляду лікарем ортопедом-травматологом. У процесі клінічного та сонографічного обстежень ушкодження зв’язок I ступеня виявлено в 12 (27,90 %) пацієнтів. Частковий розрив зв’язок (II ступінь) був у 26 (60,47 %) травмованих. Ушкодження III ступеня (тяжкі) – повний розрив зв’язки зі значним болем, набряком та гематомою виявлені у 5 (11,63 %) осіб. Висновки. Сонографія має високу чутливість у діагностиці ушкоджень зв’язок латерального відділу надп’ятково-гомілкового суглоба. Вона є особливо цінним методом ранньої діагностики, коли її застосовують для оцінки розриву зв’язок, проводячи стрес-тести при гострій травмі в реальному часі. Отримані результати потребують подальшого дослідження з метою розробки технологічного обладнання та удосконалення методики проведення стрес-тесту, що якісно покращить результати сонографії латеральної групи зв’язок при гострій інверсійній травмі надп’ятково-гомілкового суглоба.
ЗМІНИ ПЕРОКСИДНОГО ОКИСНЕННЯ ЛІПІДІВ ТА АНТИОКСИДАНТНОГО ЗАХИСТУ В ЩУРІВ РІЗНОЇ СТАТІ, ВИСОКО- І НИЗЬКОСТІЙКИХ ДО ГОСТРОЇ ГІПОКСИЧНОЇ ГІПОКСІЇ ПРИ ІММОБІЛІЗАЦІЙНОМУ СТРЕСІ
Authors: Ordynskyi Iu. M. , Denefil O. V.
Published: August 2019

Визначення механізмів стресу, що має ушкоджувальний вплив на серце в осіб із різною реактивністю, може сприяти розробці індивідуальних методів корекції.

Мета дослідження – визначити вплив іммобілізаційного стресу на зміни показників пероксидного окиснення ліпідів та антиоксидантного захисту в щурів різної статі з високою і низькою стійкістю до гіпоксії.

Матеріали і методи. Стрес моделювали 4 рази шляхом одногодинної іммобілізації щурів спинкою донизу з інтервалом 24 год. У серці визначали концентрацію дієнових і трієнових кон’югатів, шиффових основ, ТБК-активних продуктів, супероксиддисмутазну та каталазну активності, у крові – концентрацію церулоплазміну, пероксидазну активність.

Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. У контрольних самців з високою стійкістю до гіпоксії (ВГ), порівняно з низькою стійкістю (НГ), виявлено меншу активність процесів пероксидного окиснення ліпідів, більшу супероксиддисмутазну активність, концентрацію церулоплазміну, пероксидазну активність крові; у ВГ самиць, порівняно з НГ, – більше дієнових і трієнових кон’югатів, шиффових основ; супероксиддисмутазна активність, концентрація церулоплазміну, пероксидазна активність крові; менше ТБК-активних продуктів; каталазна активність. Іммобілізація призвела до зростання усіх досліджуваних продуктів пероксидного окиснення ліпідів (у всіх групах тварин найінтенсивніше збільшилися ТБК-активні продукти). У самиць також значно зросли шиффові основи. Це вказує на розвиток окиснювального стресу, який більше виражений у самців порівняно з самицями. У самиць продукти пероксидного окиснення ліпідів швидше метаболізуються. Одночасно активувалася антиоксидантна ланка: найбільше у самиць підвищилася супероксиддисмутазна (більше у низькостійких до гіпоксії) та каталазна активності (більше у високостійких до гіпоксії особин), у самців – концентрація церулоплазміну (найбільше у низькостійких до гіпоксії). Пероксидазна активність крові знизилася у всіх експериментальних групах тварин.

Висновки. Іммобілізація щурів призводить до окиснювального стресу в серці, але механізм його розвитку та механізми адаптації і компенсації залежать від стійкості до гіпоксії та статі.
Sex Differences in the Neural Correlates of Spatial Context Memory Decline in Healthy Aging
Authors: Subramaniapillai Sivaniya , Rajagopal Sricharana , Elshiekh Abdelhalim , Pasvanis Stamatoula , Ankudowich Elizabeth , Rajah M. Natasha
Published: August 2019

Aging is associated with episodic memory decline and alterations in memory-related brain function. However, it remains unclear if age-related memory decline is associated with similar patterns of brain aging in women and men. In the current task fMRI study, we tested the hypothesis that there are sex differences in the effect of age and memory performance on brain activity during episodic encoding and retrieval of face–location associations (spatial context memory). Forty-one women and 41 men between the ages of 21 and 76 years participated in this study. Between-group multivariate partial least squares analysis of the fMRI data was conducted to directly test for sex differences and similarities in age-related and performance-related patterns of brain activity. Our behavioral analysis indicated no significant sex differences in retrieval accuracy on the fMRI tasks. In relation to performance effects, we observed similarities and differences in how retrieval accuracy related to brain activity in women and men. Both sexes activated dorsal and lateral PFC, inferior parietal cortex, and left parahippocampal gyrus at encoding, and this supported subsequent memory performance. However, there were sex differences in retrieval activity in these same regions and in lateral occipital-temporal and ventrolateral PFC. In relation to age effects, we observed sex differences in the effect of age on memory-related activity within PFC, inferior parietal cortex, parahippocampal gyrus, and lateral occipital-temporal cortices. Overall, our findings suggest that the neural correlates of age-related spatial context memory decline differ in women compared with men.
Machine Learning of Time Series Using Time-Delay Embedding and Precision Annealing
Authors: Ty Alexander J. A. , Fang Zheng , Gonzalez Rivver A. , Rozdeba Paul. J. , Abarbanel Henry D. I.
Published: August 2019

Tasking machine learning to predict segments of a time series requires estimating the parameters of a ML model with input/output pairs from the time series. We borrow two techniques used in statistical data assimilation in order to accomplish this task: time-delay embedding to prepare our input data and precision annealing as a training method. The precision annealing approach identifies the global minimum of the action ([Formula: see text]). In this way, we are able to identify the number of training pairs required to produce good generalizations (predictions) for the time series. We proceed from a scalar time series [Formula: see text] and, using methods of nonlinear time series analysis, show how to produce a [Formula: see text]-dimensional time-delay embedding space in which the time series has no false neighbors as does the observed [Formula: see text] time series. In that [Formula: see text]-dimensional space, we explore the use of feedforward multilayer perceptrons as network models operating on [Formula: see text]-dimensional input and producing [Formula: see text]-dimensional outputs.
Allegories of Ruin: Architecture and Knowledge in Early Arabic Poetry
Authors: Ladha Hassanaly
Published: August 2019

This study examines the architectural lexicon (ṭalal, dār, rasm, bayt) of early Arabic poetry, interrogating the relation between built and linguistic form in the nasīb. I argue that the interpenetration of the aṭlāl and khayāl motifs and of other structural elements of the qaṣīdah allegorizes the fleeting and phantasmatic nature of all linguistic and material structures. In the early Arabic episteme, poetic forms materialize history, delineating realities even as they fall endlessly into ruin. The implied theories of language and knowledge may inflect our understanding of the entire tradition of Arabo-Islamic expression emerging from this literary milieu.
Allegiance Performed: Waṭaniyyah Poetry on the Stage of the Shāʿir al-Milyūn Competition
Authors: Vanpee Katrien
Published: August 2019

This article examines the understudied political dynamics of the televised nabaṭī poetry competition Shāʿir al-Milyūn (“Million’s Poet”) to offer a new understanding of the program. Media coverage has focused on the participation of a single female participant, while scholars have assessed Shāʿir al-Milyūn as primarily an experiment in the wedding of local tradition to modern technology, overlooking the central and complex negotiations of ruler-ruled relationships taking place on the show’s stage. Shāʿir al-Milyūn’s political aspect becomes particularly apparent in the regular performances of waṭaniyyah verse, i.e. poetry for the waṭan or homeland. Reading a waṭaniyyah poem performed during the fifth season of Shāʿir al-Milyūn by Emirati poet Aḥmad bin Hayyāy al-Manṣūrī, I argue that Shāʿir al-Milyūn, rather than merely celebrating local poetic tradition, operates as a political technology that provides both poetry contestants and the show’s princely patron with opportunities to articulate and enact expectations of proper citizenship.
Catenula exigua sp. nov., a new marine diatom (Bacillariophyta) species from the Adriatic Sea
Authors: ROBERT KÄTHE , BOSAK SUNCICA , VAN DE VIJVER BART
Published: August 2019

During a survey of the epizoic diatom flora on carapaces of loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) from the Adriatic Sea, a relatively small population of an unknown amphoroid species was observed, presenting some morphological similarities with the genera Lunella and Catenula. Due to the small size and the lack of distinct structures visible in LM, the observations of its ultrastructure under very high magnification in the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) proved to be critical in taxon delineation and indicated that it should be separated as a new Catenula species. The new species is characterized by very small, dorsiventral valves, striae composed of 1–3 small, marginally placed areolae, a very simple raphe structure lacking terminal raphe fissures, straight simple central raphe endings, the absence of helictoglossa and a distinct central nodule, the latter often discernible in LM. Typical ghost striae, reported to be one of the main morphological features of the genus Catenula, are very faintly present and only visible in the valve interior. The new species is illustrated using both LM and SEM observations and compared with all other known Catenula and Lunella species.
Effects of the Representation of Rimed Ice in Bulk Microphysics Schemes on Polarimetric Signatures
Authors: Johnson Marcus , Jung Youngsun , Milbrandt Jason A. , Morrison Hugh , Xue Ming
Published: August 2019

Many flavors of multicategory, multimoment bulk microphysics schemes (BMPs) have various treatments of rimed ice. In this study, we compare three two-moment schemes available in the WRF Model—Milbrandt–Yau (MY2), National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL), and the two-category configuration of the Predicted Particle Properties (P3) scheme—focusing on differences in rimed-ice representation and their impacts on surface rain and ice. Idealized supercell simulations are performed. A polarimetric radar data simulator is used to evaluate their ability to reproduce the ZDR arc and hail signature in the forward-flank downdraft, well-known supercell polarimetric signatures that are potentially sensitive to rimed-ice parameterization. Both the MY2 and NSSL schemes simulate enhanced surface ZDR bands, but neither scheme simulates a ZDR arc commonly identified in observation-based studies. Surface ZDR in the default P3 scheme is homogeneous in the supercell’s forward flank, and is due to the scheme’s restrictive minimum rain particle size distribution (PSD) slope bound preventing the presence of larger drops creating a ZDR arc. The NSSL scheme simulates the location of the hail signature in the forward-flank downdraft more consistent with observations than the other two schemes. Large hail in MY2 sediments well downstream of the updraft (atypically compared to observations) near the surface. The sedimentation of large ice in the default P3 scheme is limited by a restrictive maximum ice number-weighted mean diameter limit within the scheme, precluding the scheme’s ability to reduce ZDR (and ρHV compared to the MY2 and NSSL schemes) near the surface.
Intranasal Septal Splints: Prophylactic Antibiotics and Nasal Microbiology
Authors: Ritter Amit , Alkan Uri , Yahav Dafna , Soudry Ethan , Reifen Ella
Published: August 2019

Objectives:

Intranasal septal splints are often used in nasal septal surgeries. Routine use of postoperative antibiotics is an accepted practice, although data regarding its efficacy in preventing postsurgical complications are limited. This study aimed to examine bacterial colonization on septal splints following prophylactic antibiotic therapy and the association with postoperative infections.

Methods:

Fifty-five patients underwent septoplasty by a single surgeon between March 2015 and April 2016. All had intranasal septal splints and were given antibiotic prophylaxis for 7 days until removal of splints. Nasal cultures were taken before surgery, and septal splints were examined for bacterial colonization following their removal.

Results:

Thirty-six patients (65%) had positive nasal culture prior to surgery. The most common isolates were Staphylococcus aureus (30%) and Enterobacteriaceae species (66%). All these patients had postoperative bacterial colonization on septal splints. In 15 patients with negative preoperative cultures, bacteria were isolated postoperatively. An increased resistance profile was documented postoperatively in 9 patients (16%), including two with multidrug resistance. In two of these patients preoperative wild-type strains acquired antibiotic resistance postoperatively. No adverse drug reactions to antibiotics were reported.

Conclusions:

Increased bacterial growth and emergence of resistant strains were observed on intranasal septal splints despite prophylactic antibiotic treatment. Nonetheless, this did not translate into clinical infection. Thus, considering antibiotics overuse and increasing bacterial resistance, further research is needed to determine the role of antibiotic prophylaxis in the setting of intranasal splints.
Barriers to and facilitators of using MyPlate nutritional guidelines in K-12 teachers and principals
Authors: Chrisman Matthew , Patel Sarah , Alonzo Rachel
Published: August 2019

Objective:

MyPlate, a tool for communicating the federal nutrition guidelines in the USA, may contribute to healthy diets and behaviours, yet whether and how it is used by teachers and school principals is unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine (1) the prevalence of using nutrition lessons and MyPlate guidelines by K-12 teachers and principals; (2) barriers to, and facilitators of, using them; and (3) suggested strategies to improve their use.

Methods:

A convenience sample of teachers and principals ( n = 124) from a Midwestern US school district were surveyed.

Results:

The majority of respondents were women (88%), elementary school teachers (76%) and Caucasian (90%). A total of 18% ( n = 16) of teachers included nutrition in lesson plans. A total of 17% ( n = 15) of teachers used MyPlate in their classrooms, primarily through handouts and group activities. Being a parent and being more familiar with MyPlate were positively associated with including nutrition in lessons, and income and higher education were inversely associated with including nutrition in lessons. Barriers included lack of time, knowledge and resources, and facilitators included believing nutrition was important, nutrition being part of the curriculum and personal interest. Suggested strategies to improve use of MyPlate included introducing the MyPlate curriculum into health, physical education or other classes; using MyPlate messages in the cafeteria; and posting signage around the school.

Conclusion:

MyPlate use was low in this sample of teachers and principals in a Midwestern US school district. Handouts, group activities, signage and curriculum integration could potentially increase schools’ use of the resource. Strategies should be developed to reduce the barriers for using MyPlate. Future research should examine a more diverse sample of teachers and strategies to integrate MyPlate into curriculum.
Humanities-as-Technique: New Images of Knowledge and Ontological Construction
Authors: Samostienko Eugenia
Published: August 2019

The sociocultural landscape of contemporaneity can be represented as a porous inhomogeneous space consisting of border zones. These zones (exchange zones), understood by P. Galison (1999, 137-60) as “local coordination of beliefs and actions,” can be deployed due to already existing conditions, for example, a project may arise at a university. However, such zones do not create sustainable social configurations and infrastructures associated with new areas of knowledge. In this article, we expand the concept of trading zones and call them zones requiring local ontologies that arise on the border between different knowledge and imagination systems and, in turn, require their own infrastructure. This approach supports the view on humanities not as “pre-packaged” knowledge (Daston 2009, 807), but as special “technique” forming local ontologies. For a humanities-as-technique to emerge, it is necessary that two or more systems of knowledge coincide in time and form an intermediate zone, on the basis of which some local ontology can unfold. Thus, for example, when combining contemporary philosophy and contemporary mathematics (topology), new images of knowledge emerge. Humanities-as-technique are considered as the basis for the establishment of trading zones, which are understood as local ontologies. We also propose a system of concepts that can be used to describe and construct these trading zones on the territory of the humanities in a techno-oriented cultural environment.
An intrinsic evaluation of the Waterloo spam rankings of the ClueWeb09 and ClueWeb12 datasets
Authors: Yılmazel İbrahim Barış , Arslan Ahmet
Published: August 2019

The ClueWeb09 dataset and its successor, the ClueWeb12 dataset, are two of the largest collections of Web pages released by Text REtrieval Conference (TREC). The ClueWeb datasets were used in various tracks of TREC ran through 2009 to 2017. For every year, approximately 50 new queries are released and a pool of Web pages are judged against these queries by human assessors as relevant, non-relevant or spam. In this article, a ground truth for binary classification (spam vs non-spam) is constructed from Web pages that are judged as spam or relevant under the assumption that a Web page judged as relevant for any query cannot be spam. Based on this ground truth, we evaluate classification performances of the Waterloo spam rankings (Fusion, Britney, GroupX and UK2006), which have been traditionally used to identify and filter spam pages in retrieval systems. The experimental results in terms of the universal binary classification evaluation measures suggest that the Fusion (with threshold = 11%) is the best for the ClueWeb09 dataset. Analysis of the frequency distributions of relevant/spam documents over spam scores reveals that the GroupX is the most powerful at identifying relevant documents, whereas the Fusion is the most powerful at identifying spam documents. It is also confirmed that the effectiveness of the Fusion spam ranking of the ClueWeb12 dataset is not as good as that of the ClueWeb09.
Shakespeare’s e-a-r
Authors: Ryle Simon
Published: August 2019

This article analyses the relation of the printing press and theories of media and writing technology to Shakespearean poetics. It explores listening and alphabetic letters in Shakespeare’s language, drawing from the criticism of Joel Fineman and Jean-Luc Godard’s King Lear (1987), as well as instances in early modern culture in which language might seem to fragment or separate from the body, including the exegetical practice known as ‘text crumbling’ and recusant exorcisms. Proposing a media archaeology of aural and textual fragmentation, the article considers how and why Shakespeare’s attention to ears centres on engagement with the upheavals of early modern typographic print technology.
Evidence for Life Satisfaction Among Dual-Career Couples: The Interplay of Job, Career, and Family Satisfaction in Relation to Workplace Support
Authors: Gahlawat Neha , Phogat Rina S. , Kundu Subhash C.
Published: August 2019

Using data from 406 dual-career couple employees in the Indian context, the current study has indicated that favorable perceptions of workplace support variables like work–family balance actions, supervisor support, coworker support, work autonomy, and role clarity lead toward heightened life satisfaction among dual-career couples. However, this relationship is not as simple as it seems. Interestingly, none of the five workplace support initiatives are directly related to the life satisfaction among employees. Bootstrap results via serial mediation model establish that job satisfaction, career satisfaction, and family satisfaction mediate individually and serially the relationships between various workplace support variables and life satisfaction. Being first of its kind, the study has potential to prove beneficial in improving the lives of employees if thorough consideration is given to workplace support in relation to various types of employees’ satisfaction.
The Face Revisited: Using Deleuze and Guattari to Explore the Politics of Algorithmic Face Recognition
Authors: Celis Bueno Claudio
Published: August 2019

This article explores the political dimension of algorithmic face recognition through the prism of Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari’s notion of faciality. It argues that algorithmic face recognition is a technology that expresses a key aspect of contemporary capitalism: the problematic position of the individual in light of new forms of algorithmic and statistical regimes of power. While there is a clear relation between modern disciplinary mechanisms of individualization and the face as a sign of individuality, in control societies this relation appears more as a contradiction. The article contends that Deleuze and Guattari’s concepts of machinic enslavement and social subjection offer a fruitful perspective from where to identify the power mechanisms behind the problematic position of the individual in the specific case of algorithmic face recognition.
Three Dimensional Versatile Lingual Jig
Authors: Jharwal Vikas , Nagpal Esha , Bajaj Kamal
Published: August 2019

As the demand for esthetic orthodontic treatment has gained momentum in the past few years, orthodontists are looking for simple and cost-effective devices for precise lingual bracket placement. This short communication describes a versatile lingual jig that can be fabricated with ease by a clinician, allowing precise lingual bracket positioning.
Counter-narratives: Rizpah and the ‘comfort women’ statue
Authors: Joo Samantha
Published: August 2019

Contextual hermeneutics allows interpreters to read the Bible from their location. However, interpreters not only read meaning into the text, as a number of scholars claim, but in the process, they actually illuminate the original context underlying the text. To demonstrate this point, I will be analyzing the story of Rizpah through the lens of a current event, the Japanese government’s efforts to remove the ‘comfort women’ bronze statues in Korea. The bronze statues embody counter-narratives that challenge and ultimately threaten the master narrative of the Japanese government. Likewise, Rizpah who stands on a boulder also functions as a counter-monument against King David. She resists the royal historian’s effort to whitewash David’s involvement in the murder of the Saulide descendants. However, to understand the specific way in which Rizpah challenges the royal court propaganda, it is necessary to engage critical methods of reading.
A Mixed Methods Approach to Examining Mexican-Origin Adolescents’ Use of Ethnic-Racial Labels in Neighborhood Contexts
Authors: Pasco Michelle C. , White Rebecca M. B.
Published: August 2019

We employed a mixed method design to describe Mexican-origin adolescents’ ethnic-racial label usage in the context of ethnically/racially segregated neighborhoods. Data come from three sources: 26 semistructured interviews with 14 Mexican-origin adolescents (mean age = 15.43, SD = 1.22), 64.3% female, living in neighborhood environments predominated by Latinos; neighborhood ( N = 9) data from the U.S. Census Bureau; and systematic social observations of neighborhood block faces ( N = 256). Using Key-Word-In-Context analysis, we found that adolescents used a variety of labels to describe themselves and members of their ethnic-racial group while discussing the strengths and challenges associated with their residential neighborhoods. Semistructured interview themes included adolescents’ references to cultural and social resources within neighborhoods, neighborhood challenges, ethnic-racial biases, and normative developmental processes. We examined label usage across interview themes and neighborhood characteristics derived from the census and systematic social observation data. Two triangulated findings emerged: (a) diversity in ethnic-racial label usage in the context of neighborhood resources and (b) greater restriction to the use of panethnic labels in the context of neighborhood challenges. Our study suggests that adolescents may be internalizing messages and symbols in their neighborhoods in ways that have implications for their ethnic-racial labeling and identity development.
Benefits of a Ketogenic Teaching Kitchen
Authors: Fenton Cagla , Groveman Sue , Chee Claire M. , Bergqvist A.G. Christina
Published: August 2019

Treatment-resistant epilepsy affects 30% of children with epilepsy and results in significantly reduced quality of life. The ketogenic diets offer a chance for significant seizure reduction and seizure freedom. Compliance is strongly linked to the effectiveness of these treatments. The high-fat and low-carbohydrate content of the ketogenic diets makes creating and cooking palatable meals challenging. Keto centers typically support caretakers with recipes, but do not have a kitchen to provide hands-on education. Hence, our program built a ketogenic kitchen in 2013. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of the kitchen on the quality of our education and confidence of caretakers during both initiation and ongoing outpatient support of the ketogenic diets. An anonymous survey of 37 questions was created using Survey Monkey, with a 5-point scale or yes-no responses. Families whose children have been a part of our dietary treatment program from 2014 to 2016, reachable by e-mail, were asked to take the survey. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Seventy-seven families completed our survey. The overall quality of the classes taught by the dietitians improved with the use of the Ketogenic Teaching Kitchen. Hands-on cooking classes enhanced the learning experience, making our new ketogenic diet families noticeably more confident preparing meals at the time of discharge. The Keto Teaching Kitchen has greatly enhanced our dietary treatment program. We believe that all keto centers would benefit from access to a teaching kitchen.
Reply to Wojtek Przepiorka: Testing goal-framing and hedonic hypocrisy
Authors: Lindenberg Siegwart , Steg Linda , Milovanovic Marko , Schipper Anita
Published: August 2019

It is always an honor when, after one publishes a study, somebody takes the time and effort to figure out how it could have been done better (Lindenberg et al., 2018; Przepiorka, 2019). It is a public service, and we are grateful for the effort. Although we are and remain quite proud of our studies and their results, there is, as in any study, always room for improvement and it is certainly important to test hypotheses also via other designs. However, we feel there are a number of misinterpretations, omissions, and confusions in Dr. Przepiorka’s comments, each of which we would like to discuss.
Selecting the Best Instrument to Measure Family Perceptions of End-of-Life Communication in Intensive Care Units
Authors: Chen Chiahui , Meier Scott T.
Published: August 2019

Background:

Good communication with the family is a clinical imperative for high quality end-of-life (EOL) care in intensive care unit (ICU). Many interventions aim to improve EOL communication, and the choice of an outcome instrument has important implications for evaluating interventions. The purpose of this project is to search and review available instruments’ psychometric properties and determine which best measures family–clinician communication in the ICU.

Method:

A stepwise method was used by searching 2 databases (PsycInfo and Web of Science) to identify instruments and articles that provide information about scale psychometric properties.

Instruments:

Three instruments were identified, including Family Inpatient Communication Survey, Family Perception of Physician–Family Caregiver Communication, and Quality of Communication (QOC).

Results:

Reliability estimates were high (≥ 0.79) in all 3 instruments. The QOC’s convergent validity estimates exceed its discriminant validity values, and the QOC is an intervention-sensitive measure used to examine families’ treatment response in randomized control trials.

Conclusion:

Quality of Communication is the most suitable instrument to measure family’s perceptions of EOL communication in the ICU. Quality of Communication scores provide a deeper understanding of family–clinician communication and data about how to improve EOL care in ICUs.
Sensitizing the interdisciplinary team to desensitizations: An alemtuzumab case report
Authors: McKenzie Matt G , Bissell Brittany D , Disselkamp Margaret A , Hildebrandt Gerhard C , Cox Jessica N
Published: August 2019

Introduction

We describe a case of alemtuzumab (Campath®) hypersensitivity requiring desensitization within the medical intensive care unit (MICU) in a patient with T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia.

Case report

We adopted a desensitization protocol from Gutierrez-Fernandez et al., which included three aliquots (0.15 mg intravenously (IV), 1.5 mg IV, and 28.5 mg IV) given approximately 1 h apart on day 1 followed by a full 30 mg dose IV on day 3. Unlike prior attempts to administer alemtuzumab to this patient, she tolerated the medication well and did not require any rescue medications.

Management and outcome

Successful plan development required a significant amount of strategic communication between hematology/oncology and MICU-related physicians, pharmacists, and nurses to ensure a safe and effective desensitization. The first step of planning required creation of a desensitization order set with directions for medication preparation and administration, premedications, and available medications in the event of an adverse reaction or anaphylaxis. Anaphylactoid-related medications were prepared at bedside and ready for administration prior to beginning the desensitization. Alemtuzumab was compounded in a chemotherapy-certified hood and verified by at least two chemotherapy-certified pharmacists. Foreword planning was also necessary to ensure multiple people were available or present at bedside for the desensitization, including a chemotherapy-certified nurse, a second chemotherapy-certified nurse for verification, a critical care-certified pharmacist, a pulmonary/critical care attending physician, and hematology attending physician.

Discussion

This case exemplifies the importance of clear and coordinated communication between different healthcare fields to safely and effectively complete extensive protocols such as desensitization strategies.
Process Evaluation of a Stress Management Program for Low-Income Pregnant Women: The SMART Moms/Mamás LÍSTAS Project
Authors: Urizar Guido G. , Caliboso Menchie , Gearhart Cassandra , Yim Ilona S. , Dunkel Schetter Christine
Published: August 2019

Background. The SMART Moms/Mamás LÍSTAS Project was a randomized control trial that tested the efficacy of a prenatal stress management program in reducing stress and cortisol levels among low-income women. The current study is a process evaluation of the stress management program (intervention arm of the original randomized controlled trial) and assessed whether implementation fidelity factors (i.e., intervention delivery, receipt, and enactment) were associated with lower stress (perceived stress, salivary cortisol), improved negative and positive mood states (Positive and Negative Affect Schedule), and increased confidence to use relaxation and coping skills. Method. Fifty-five low-income pregnant women (71% Latina, 76% annual income <$20,000) attended weekly group-based sessions over an 8-week period in which a clinically trained researcher taught relaxation and coping skills. Process evaluation measures were obtained via participant self-report and videotaped class sessions that were coded for delivery, receipt, and enactment of the intervention to determine which implementation factors were associated with changes in program outcomes (stress, mood, confidence) over the 8-week period. Results. Women in stress management showed a significant reduction in their stress and cortisol levels ( p < .001), improvements in negative and positive mood states ( p < .001) and were more confident in using relaxation and coping skills postintervention (74%). The implementation factors of delivery (i.e., instructor adherence to intervention content; p = .03) and enactment (i.e., participant use of intervention skills; p = .02) were most associated with improvements in program outcomes. Conclusion. These findings highlight that implementation factors should be considered when delivering stress management interventions in underserved communities.
Power Games: Elites, Movements, and Strategic Cooperation
Authors: Holdo Markus
Published: August 2019

Cooperation between movements and political elites are frequently associated with the risk of cooptation. Because it undercuts contentious actors, cooptation may seem rational for elites that seek to protect their interests. However, recent scholarship questions whether this view is empirically valid. Adding to these debates, this article demonstrates that even if we accept, for the sake of argument, that elites always act to maintain power, cooptation may often not be the rational choice of strategy. This article presents a typology of elite responses that focuses on three phases of elite–movement interaction: preparatory, term-setting, and confrontation phases. In each phase, elites’ choice between cooptation and conditional cooperation depends on whether legitimacy appears instrumental to achieve their goals. Cooperation, as opposed to cooptation, generates legitimacy and can, therefore, be used strategically by movements.
A Formative Qualitative Study on the Acceptability of Deferred Consent in Adult Emergency Care Research in Malawi
Authors: Manda-Taylor Lucinda , Bickton Fanuel Meckson , Gooding Kate , Rylance Jamie
Published: August 2019

Research in emergency medical care is challenging due to a limited therapeutic window for intervention, which may compromise informed consent. “Deferred consent” allows initiation of study procedures before full consent is recorded. We conducted a formative qualitative study exploring perspectives on deferred consent in Malawi among research ethics committee members, health care professionals, and lay representatives. Participants identified several advantages of deferred consent including scientific value and potential health benefits to the study subjects and wider population. Participants also had concerns, including regulatory barriers and the risk of abuse and malpractice. Conditions affecting acceptability are related to the role of proxies, the nature of the research, the availability of robust regulatory oversight, and the need for community engagement. Our findings show deferred consent would be acceptable in Malawi, provided that a clear case can be made to advance medical knowledge and that adequate regulatory and ethical protections are in place.
Improved synthesis of YG-056SP, a potent oxazolidinone antibacterial candidate against multi-drug resistant bacteria
Authors: Chen Peng , Zhang Yinyong , Shi Chenghui , Meng Xin , Yang Yushe , Zhou Xianli , Guo Bin
Published: August 2019

An improved process for the synthesis of YG-056SP, a potent oxazolidinone candidate against multi-drug resistant bacteria, is developed. Compared with the original synthetic route, this new approach is two steps shorter, and all of the steps involve simple purifications without column chromatography. More importantly, it avoids the use of explosive azide compounds and expensive metal catalysts. The new reaction conditions are mild and safe, which is more suitable for the scalable synthesis of YG-056SP for preclinical studies.
Synthesis and crystal structure of trifluoromethyl-containing bendamustine hydrochloride
Authors: Yin Yue , Liu Huailiang , Xiao Tangxin , Sun Xiaoqiang , Yang Ke , Li Zhengyi
Published: August 2019

A simple strategy to afford trifluoromethyl-containing bendamustine hydrochloride in 34% overall via nine simple steps including substitution, selective reduction, N-acylation, cyclization, esterification, nitro-reduction, N-dihydroxyethylation, chlorination, and acid-catalyzed hydrolysis from commercially available 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene is described. The structures of the intermediates and target product are established on the basis of infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, and high resolution mass spectrometer. Moreover, the structure of target product is also confirmed by X-ray crystal analysis, and further studies indicate that the existence of intermolecular O–H···Cl and N–H···Cl hydrogen bonds are effective in stabilization of the crystal structure.
The protective effect of icariin and phosphorylated icariin against LPS-induced intestinal goblet cell dysfunction
Authors: Xiong Wen , Ma Haoyue , Zhang Zhu , Jin Meilan , Wang Jian , Xu Yuwei , Wang Zili
Published: August 2019

In this study, we used LS174T cells as a model to investigate the protective effects of icariin and phosphorylated icariin on LPS-induced goblet cell dysfunction. Our results indicated that icariin and phosphorylated icariin increased the cell viability and decreased lactate dehydrogenase activity in LPS-treated LS174T cells. Icariin and phosphorylated icariin attenuated LPS-induced changes in mucin 2 synthesis and secretion. Besides, Icariin and phosphorylated icariin reduced the levels of ROS, MDA, and H2O2 and increased the activity of SOD, GPx, CAT, and T-AOC in LPS-treated LS174T cells. Moreover, the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α were reduced in the Icariin and phosphorylated icariin group. Furthermore, Icariin and phosphorylated icariin decreased gene abundance or enzyme activity of Bip, XBP1, GRP78, CHOP, caspase-3, and caspase-4 in LPS-treated LS174T cells. Our data suggest that Icariin and phosphorylated icariin effectively attenuate LPS-induced intestinal goblet cell function damage through regulating oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and mucin expression.
Does regulation fail or do we fail regulation?
Authors: Beecher Janice A.
Published: August 2019

Regulation has always been “political” to some degree, born of politics and subject to political forces, both good and bad. The more intractable question might be whether regulation as we know it is sustainable, given signs of institutional weakness. In this context, regulators need to either sustain their institution or concede to alternative institutional forms and conceptions of the public interest.
Tuberculosis osteomyelitis of the tibia mimicking Brodie abscess: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Sari Abdülkadir , Dinçel Yaşar Mahsut , Erdogdu Ibrahim Halil , Sayıner Hakan Sezgin , Agir Ismail , Çetin Mehmet Ümit
Published: August 2019

Background:

Tuberculosis osteomyelitis is rarely seen in the diaphyseal bones. It may be confused with Brodie’s abscess due to similar clinical, radiological and laboratory findings. Late diagnosis of the disease causes bone destruction. Tuberculosis osteomyelitis of the bone is a rare condition caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Its incidence has increased in Western countries in recent years due to HIV infection, increasing elderly population and emerging resistant strains. The slow progress of tuberculous osteomyelitis, due to lack of significant elevations in the laboratory values and changes in the radiographic appearance, often leads to confusion with the subtypes of subacute osteomyelitis, defined as Brodie’s abscess. These two low-virulence clinical cases often lead to delays in diagnosis and progressive bone destruction.

Case presentation:

We report a 65-year-old male patient who presented to our clinic with pain, swelling and sensitivity in the left leg. Diagnosed with infection in the tibia, the patient had undergone antibiotherapy. However, the patient’s symptoms were not resolved and we performed bone curettage and cementation. M. tuberculosis-specific DNA was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction and the M. tuberculosis complex was produced from the perioperative samples.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, histopathological examination and polymerase chain reaction are essential before surgery of subacute and chronic osteomyelitis with atypical clinical, laboratory and radiological findings for early diagnosis and accurate treatment.