bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring Speech-Language Pathologists' Perception of and Individualized Education Program Goals for Vocabulary Intervention With School-Age Children With Language Disorders
Authors: Marante Leesa , Hall-Mills Shannon
Published: January 2024

Purpose:

Among the varied roles and responsibilities of school-based speech-language pathologists (SLPs) are the planning and delivery of effective vocabulary intervention for students with language disorders. Despite the abundant literature regarding effective vocabulary intervention, practice patterns indicate that the research has not yet translated to practice. The purpose of this study was to examine SLPs' beliefs and expectations regarding vocabulary instruction and the content of Individualized Education Program (IEP) goals to better inform continuing education and research programs to generate lasting effects on SLP practices.

Method:

We queried a national sample of school-based SLPs via an online survey regarding their perspectives on robust vocabulary instruction, vocabulary intervention practices, and IEP goal development targeting vocabulary skills for school-age children with language disorders.

Results:

There was consistency across the sample for SLPs' beliefs about the importance and impact of robust vocabulary instruction. However, they reflected varied expectations about the vocabulary intervention they provide. Qualitative analysis of IEP goals for vocabulary reveals the range and frequency of strategies and intervention targets as an artifact of implementation of robust vocabulary instruction.

Conclusions:

School-based SLPs believe that vocabulary is important and have a strong understanding of the impact robust vocabulary instruction can have on reading and writing outcomes. SLPs in this sample had varying expectations regarding the way their instruction is implemented and generalized. Implications and limitations of these results are discussed.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.25077992
Fault diagnosis method of a cascaded H‐bridge inverter based on a multisource adaptive fusion CNN‐transformer
Authors: Yang Weiman , Wang Weinian , Wang Xinggui , Gu Jianfeng , Wang Zhuoling
Published: January 2024

In high‐voltage applications, the number of cascaded H‐bridge inverter units is large, the failure probability increases, and the waveform similarity is high after the failure of power devices at different positions. This paper proposes a fault diagnosis method for high‐voltage multilevel cascaded H‐bridge inverter based on a multisource adaptive fusion CNN‐transformer. The method transforms the prefiltered three‐phase multilevel voltage and postfiltered three‐phase current waveforms into wavelet time‐frequency maps using a continuous wavelet transform. The time‐frequency maps of the six signal sources are used as inputs to the network. The convolutional neural network is employed to extract fault features, resulting in six feature maps. These six feature maps are then assigned certain weights to generate a new fused feature map, which is input into the transformer for training and achieving fault state recognition in cascaded H‐bridge inverters. The experimental results show that the method can effectively identify similar fault features. The diagnostic accuracy is as high as 99.15% in the measured data of the experimental platform, and the diagnostic time is 0.069 s. It has high fault identification accuracy and provides a new idea for fault diagnosis of high‐voltage multilevel cascaded H‐bridge inverters.
Eccentric black hole mergers via three-body interactions in young, globular, and nuclear star clusters
Authors: Dall’Amico Marco , Mapelli Michela , Torniamenti Stefano , Arca Sedda Manuel
Published: January 2024

Eccentric mergers are a signature of the dynamical formation channel of binary black holes (BBHs) in dense stellar environments and hierarchical triple systems. Here, we investigate the formation of eccentric mergers via binary-single interactions by means of 2.5 × 105 direct N-body simulations. Our simulations include post-Newtonian terms up to the 2.5th order and model the typical environment of young (YSCs), globular (GCs), and nuclear star clusters (NSCs). Around 0.6% (1%) of our mergers in NSCs (GCs) have an eccentricity > 0.1 when the emitted gravitational wave frequency is 10 Hz in the source frame, while in YSCs this fraction rises to 1.6%. Approximately ∼63% of these mergers are produced by chaotic, resonant interactions where temporary binaries are continuously formed and destroyed, while ∼31% arise from an almost direct collision of two black holes (BHs). Lastly, ∼6% of these eccentric mergers occur in temporary hierarchical triples. We find that binaries undergoing a flyby generally develop smaller tilt angles with respect to exchanges. This result challenges the idea that perfectly isotropic spin orientations are produced by dynamics. The environment dramatically affects BH retention: 0%, 3.1%, and 19.9% of all the remnant BHs remain in YSCs, GCs, and NSCs, respectively. The fraction of massive BHs also depends on the host cluster properties, with pair-instability (60 ≤ MBH/M⊙ ≤ 100) and intermediate-mass (MBH ≥ 100 M⊙) BHs accounting for approximately ∼44% and 1.6% of the mergers in YSCs, ∼33% and 0.7% in GCs, and ∼28% and 0.4% in NSCs, respectively.
Business Model Analysis and Feasibility Study of Low Glycemic Index Rice – Parboiled Rice
Authors: Nurunisa Venty Fitriany , Radinata Agung Grandika , Sadjati Ida Malati
Published: January 2024

Diabetes mellitus has become an epidemic in several developing countries, including Indonesia, where there has been a high increase in the number of people with diabetes. As rice is a staple food in Indonesia, its high glucose content may lead to overconsumption of glucose. Parboiled rice, as a pre-cooked rice, has a lower glycemic index. However, it is not widely produced and is not well-known. This research analyzes the business model and feasibility of parboiled rice. The study uses nine elements of the Business Model Canvas and calculates the NVP, IRR, and BEP of parboiled rice businesses to analyze the financial feasibility. The research shows that parboiled rice is a potential product to be developed, considering that Indonesia’s rice market is very large. The potential consumers are not only those who suffer from diabetes mellitus but also those who want to live a healthy lifestyle. This parboiled rice business is feasible if a strong partnership is built with farmers and the government, as indicated by the NVP, IRR, BEP, and PP values, which were IDR 599.200, 1.3%, 675.000, and 1.2 years, respectively.
Automatic Presence Design in Virtual Class Using Convolution Neuron Network (CNN)
Authors: Nursantika Dian , Piantari Erna
Published: January 2024

Universitas Terbuka is a pioneer in distance learning, it is required to always innovate, especially in the mode of learning. One of learning is through virtual classes, the tutor as a teacher provides direction and assistance to students as participants. Tutor and student attendance can be written directly by the tutor or through the attendance link, this tends to have a lack of human error, either the tutor forgets to write down the participants who were present or the attendance link filled in by participants who were not present, because the link can be accessed by anyone. Based on this, we try to design an automatic presence that is carried out in a virtual class. The research result design of image database, design of user interface, and design of learning engine. The results of database testing show that every table in the database is normal and there is a logical relationship between tables. The user interface test results are proven to be able to accommodate the database and engine display deep learning method. The results of the learning engine show the creation of a deep learning method architecture in accordance with the needs of face recognition in the virtual class.
System Usability Scale for Measuring Usability of Social Network Applications from User Perspectives
Authors: Nasyiah Mudrikah , Kelana Bayu , Riskinato Anggar
Published: January 2024

There are two common methods of the System Usability Scale (SUS) in quantitative usability evaluation, which are the Sauro & Lewis method and the Riihiaho method. The research aims to find the fittest SUS methods for usability evaluation of a social network application from those two methods. Using a comparative study approach, the research compared the number of valid scores of the 10 SUS indicators between those two methods. The valid score of each SUS indicator is obtained if the data of the SUS evaluation and the qualitative usability evaluation support each other. Qualitative data which was collected from five ordinary users for each SUS method by usability testing and interviews had been analyzed using a topdown analysis approach. The research obtained two main findings. Firstly, the Sauro & Lewis method is more relevant than the Riihiaho method from the comparison between the obtained SUS indicator scores and interview results. Secondly, the two methods have the same strength of relevance when the SUS indicator scores are compared with the usability testing result. Based on those findings, the Sauro & Lewis method may be fitter than the Riihiaho method for evaluating the usability of a social network application, from the user perspective.
Bending load effects on stress concentration factor distribution of multi-planar DTKY tubular joints
Authors: Prastianto Rudi Walujo , Syahroni Nur , Syalsabila Ferdita , Rozi Muhammad Fachtur
Published: January 2024

The stress concentration factor (SCF) in tubular joints is an important parameter in calculating the fatigue life of offshore structures. In design practices, estimating the SCF is usually based on standard empirical formulas, providing the majority for uni-planar tubular joints, and could not be applied directly for multi-planar joint cases. Therefore, accurate SCF estimation became critical for specific multi-planar tubular joints commonly found as members of offshore platforms. More detailed analyses of complex designs are possible with the recent development of finite element analysis and supported by advanced digital computers. Thus, this research is intended to analyze the SCF of multi-planar DTKY tubular joints with finite element analysis. The local model of the tubular joint will be simulated for bending moment load cases. The results show stress distribution characteristic of the joint at both brace and chord sides. The results indicated that the SCF of the joint under the in-plane bending (IPB) loading is higher at the brace than the chord side, with values of 2.83 and 1.47, respectively. Meanwhile, under the out-of-plane bending (OPB) loading, the SCF is 2.43 at the chord saddle location and 3.54 at the brace saddle location.
Mechanical Properties of Recycling Mixed Waste Plastic Predicted on Pallet Application Using Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Taqwatomo Galih , Novriadi Dwi , Marsaputra Panjaitan Boy , Prasetyo Hariaman , Subagyo Yusuf , Eka Mulyono Aditya , Rahayu Sri , Kusuma Arti Dewi , Pradipta Arjasa Putra Oka
Published: January 2024

The enormous use of plastic in any live sector will impact the waste plastic escalation. Unsorted and uncollected wasted plastic properly leads to the creation of mixed waste plastic in landfills. Therefore, mechanical recycling technology for processing mixed waste plastic into pasta phase has been developed. In this research, four sources of mixed waste plastic were implemented derived from household plastic bags (WPB), waste of plastic sack (WPS), waste of used carton beverage (WPAL) and waste plastic from drum pulper in pulp industry (WPI). Those materials were transformed into specimens through extrusion and compression molding, then tested for investigation the mechanical properties. A comparison of density, tensile strength, and compressive strength from each material was exposed comprehensively. Furthermore, finite element analysis (FEA) was employed to compute the reliability of recycle material properties in the pallet application under the racking condition test following ISO 8611 standard. Surprisingly, it was reported a potential performance with a maximum racking load until 700 kg for pallet product using all variants of mixed waste plastics. The maximum capacity was obtained based on consideration of the FEA result exhibited in tresca or maximum shear stress, total deformation, and factor of safety design.
A Convenient Method for Synthesizing 1-Alkyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamines
Authors: Okauchi Tatsuo , Tsubaki Kouta , Higuma Yuri , Shimooka Hirokazu , Kitamura Mitsuru
Published: January 2024

A convenient method for synthesizing 1-alkyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamines (1-alkyl-2-acyl-GPEs) starting from an optical active alcohol is described. In this method, the phosphate group was introduced through the transesterification that we developed, and a protected 1-alkyl-2-lyso-GPE was employed as an intermediate. This compound is stable and serves as a common intermediate for the synthesis of various 1-alkyl-2-acyl-GPEs with different acyl groups.
Early-Pregnancy Resilience Characteristics before versus during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ayala Nina K. , Fain Audra C. , Cersonsky Tess E.K. , Werner Erika F. , Miller Emily S. , Clark Melissa A. , Lewkowitz Adam K.
Published: January 2024

Objective Resilience is associated with mental and somatic health benefits. Given the social, physical, and mental health toll of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, we examined whether the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with population-level changes in resilience among pregnant people.

Study Design Secondary analysis of a prospective cohort of nulliparous pregnant people <20 weeks' gestation from a single hospital. Participants completed baseline assessments of resilience characteristics, including dispositional optimism (DO), mindfulness, and proactive coping. For this analysis, participants recruited before the COVID-19 pandemic were compared with those recruited during the pandemic. The primary outcome was DO, assessed as a continuous score on the validated Revised Life Orientation Test. Secondary outcomes included continuous scores on mindfulness and proactive coping assessments. Bivariable analyses were completed using chi-squared and Mann–Whitney U tests. Multivariable linear regression compared resilience scores by recruitment time frame, controlling for confounders selected a priori: maternal age, education, and marital status.

Results Of the 300 participants, 152 (50.7%) were recruited prior to the pandemic. Demographic and pregnancy characteristics differed between groups: the during-pandemic group was older, had higher levels of education, and were more likely to be married/partnered. There were no significant differences in any of the resilience characteristics before versus during the pandemic in bivariable or multivariable analyses.

Conclusion In this cohort, there were no differences in early pregnancy resilience characteristics before versus during the COVID-19 pandemic. This affirms that on a population level, resilience is a stable metric, even in the setting of a global pandemic.

Key Points
Complications of Endonasal Odontoidectomy in Pediatric versus Adult Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kosaraju Nikitha , Lee Christine K. , Qian Z. Jason , Fernandez-Miranda Juan C. , Nayak Jayakar V. , Chang Michael T.
Published: January 2024

Introduction Endonasal odontoidectomy (EO) is a procedure for addressing compressive pathology of the craniovertebral junction. While EO has been well established in adults, its complications and cervical fusion practices are less understood in pediatric patients, despite differences in sinonasal and craniocervical anatomy. This study summarizes and compares EO complications and need for cervical fusion in pediatric and adult patients.

Methods This was a systematic review and meta-analysis. Literature review was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase to identify studies reporting complications post-EO in adult and pediatric patients. Complications were categorized as neurologic, swallowing, or respiratory. Complication and posterior fusion rates were compared using a random-effects model.

Results A total of 738 articles were identified, of which 28 studies including 307 adult cases and 22 pediatric cases met inclusion criteria for systematic qualitative and quantitative review. The rates for adult and pediatric cases, respectively, were: respiratory complications 13.4 versus 9.1%, swallowing complications 12.1 versus 4.5%, neurologic complications 8.5 versus 9.1%, and cervical fusion rates 73.3 versus 86.4%. Across eight studies qualifying for meta-analysis, there were no differences in cervical fusion (odds ratio [OR]: 0.5, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [0.1, 2.1]), respiratory complications (OR: 3.5, 95% CI: [0.8, 14.5]), or swallowing complications (OR: 3.5, 95% CI: [0.5, 26.0]); however, pediatric patients had a higher rate of neurologic complications (OR: 5.2, 95% CI: [1.1, 25.0]).

Conclusion In EO, rates of aerodigestive complications and cervical fusion are similar in both populations. There may be an increased risk of neurologic complications in pediatric patients, although more high-quality studies are needed.
Unveiling Novel Synthetic Pathways through Brook Rearrangement
Authors: Agbaria Mohamed , Egbaria Nwar , Nairoukh Zackaria
Published: January 2024

The Brook rearrangement is a valuable synthetic tool that facilitates the controlled construction of complex molecules. Conventionally, it generates carbanion intermediates utilized in subsequent functionalization reactions. In this review, we will explore recent advancements in the Brook rearrangement that extend beyond the traditional functionalization reactions. Specifically, we will highlight its involvement in unusual bond cleavage, annulation reactions, and dearomatization efforts. The novelty of this rearrangement is underscored by showcasing its most recent applications.

1 Introduction

2 Novel Synthetic Pathways Involving the Brook Rearrangement

2.1 C–C and C–X Bond Formation

2.2 C–C and C–X Bond Cleavage

2.3 Stereodefined Substituted Silyl Enol and Allenol Ethers

2.4 Annulation Reactions

2.5 Dearomatization

3 Synthetic Applications

4 Conclusion
Palladium-Catalyzed α-Arylation of Meyers’s Chiral Bicyclic Lactams and a Deprotonative Ring-Opening Sideline
Authors: Chiang Hsin-Lun , Zhao Wei-Ting , Wu Yen-Ku , Chen Yi-An , Lin Yi-Ching , Chen Pei-Lin
Published: January 2024

Described is a deprotonative α-arylation reaction of Meyers’s chiral bicyclic lactams (MCBLs) under palladium catalysis, and a substrate-dependent post-transformation. When the bridgehead carbon of the MCBLs is substituted with a methyl or an ethyl group, the initial arylation product undergoes a further rearrangement reaction to give a conjugated framework. On the other hand, substrates bearing a bridgehead isopropyl or aryl group are converted into the corresponding exo-arylation products. Preliminary studies indicated that the rearrangement pathway was promoted by deprotonation and was independent of palladium catalysis. In addition to mechanistic interests, this study demonstrates a modular and divergent synthesis of functionalized lactams.
Expected Usefulness of Fourth Dose of COVID-19 Vaccine for Patients with Underlying Solid Tumor who Previously Received the Primary Heterologous COVID-19 Vaccine
Authors: Yasri Sora , Wiwanitkit Viroj
Published: January 2024

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) immunization frequently requires two standard doses. Due to the likelihood that the population may lose immunity after receiving a standard mass vaccination and the potential for the introduction of a new strain, several scientists are currently advocating the use of a booster dosage of the vaccine.

The authors of this retrospective study used a clinical model for immune response prediction to forecast how solid cancer patients will respond to the fourth dosage of the COVID-19 immunization. In the case of homologous primary backgrounds, the prospective rates of extension of protective efficacy for using viral vector and messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) COVID-19 vaccines for vaccinees with underlying solid tumor are equal to 11.5 and 16.5%, respectively. In the event of heterologous primary backgrounds, the prospective rates of extension of protective efficacy for using viral vector and mRNA COVID-19 vaccines are equal to 2.2 and 7.2%, respectively, for patients with underlying solid cancer. In conclusion, the fourth dose of the COVID-19 vaccine regimen had an effect on the immunogenicity of vaccine recipients with underlying malignancy.
Evaluation of the Quality of Canal Obturation Using the Continuous Wave Method after Shaping with Different NiTi Rotary Instruments by Micro-CT
Authors: Junior Adirson Jorge , Gelio Mariana Bena , Galvani Lucas David , Monteiro Jardel Camilo do Carmo , Zaniboni Joissi Ferrari , Neto Paulo Fermino da Costa , Almeida Bernardo Mattos , Kuga Milton Carlos
Published: January 2024

Objective The aim of this article was to evaluate the influence of mesial root canal preparation of mandibular molars with the reciprocal systems (RCP) and self-adjusting file (SAF) in the incidence of voids spaces in endodontic obturation performed by modified continuous wave compaction (MCWC) technique, through images obtained in micro-computed tomography (micro-CT).

Materials and Methods Mesial roots of 15 mandibular molars, with two independent root canals, were divided into three groups (n = 5/roots), according to the endodontic instrumentation strategy (RCP, SAF, and twisted file [TWF]). After the root canals (n = 10, for each instrumentation system) were filled with MCWC, images of each specimen were obtained by micro-CT followed by three-dimensional reconstruction. The percentage of voids was obtained (in mm3) in relation of the total volume, cervical–middle, and apical thirds.

Statistical Analysis The data obtained were submitted to statistical analysis by Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn tests (p < 0.05).

Results With respect to the total volume of root canal, TWF demonstrated a lower percentage in comparison to SAF (p < 0.05). No significant difference was obtained between TWF and RCP or RCP and SAF (p > 0.05). In the apical third, RCP showed a smaller percentage of voids when compared with SAF (p < 0.05); however, TWF demonstrated similarity with RCP and SAF (p > 0.05). The middle–cervical third exhibited no statistically difference between TWF and RCP or RCP and SAF (p > 0.05), whereas TWF was lower than SAF (p < 0.05).

Conclusion Root canal preparation of mesial root of mandibular molars with TWF provides a lower incidence of voids in the endodontic filling performed by MCWC.
Effect of Plasma Fibrinogen Levels on the Risk of Stroke in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review
Authors: Daugaard Nicoline , Bladbjerg Else-Marie , Maat Moniek P.M. de , Münster Anna-Marie Bloch
Published: January 2024

Aims In this systematic review, we assessed the literature on the association between fibrinogen levels and stroke in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods MEDLINE and Ovid searches of English reports were performed on the relation between fibrinogen, stroke, and T2D in humans. The search was completed on May 4, 2023. Studies were eligible when T2D patients ≥18 years had stroke confirmed by computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging, plasma fibrinogen was measured, and a relation between fibrinogen and stroke in T2D patients was reported. Screening of reports and extraction of data were done independently by two authors, and study quality was assessed by predefined issues.

Results Five studies of different designs were included. Three studies reported on significantly increased fibrinogen levels in T2D patients with stroke compared with T2D patients without stroke. Two studies did not observe a significant association between fibrinogen levels and stroke risk.

Conclusion No consistent association was observed between fibrinogen levels and risk of stroke in T2D patients. Due to differences in study design, low sample size, and poorly defined study participants, larger and better-defined studies are needed to elucidate the role of fibrinogen as a stroke risk marker in T2D patients.
Increasing Use of Total Wrist Arthroplasty—An Australian National Joint Registry Report
Authors: Taylor Fraser , Gilpin Bradley David , Sivakumar Brahman Shankar , Holder Carl , Page Richard , Graham David James
Published: January 2024

Background and Purpose There is limited literature reporting the long-term results and outcomes of total wrist arthroplasty (TWA). The aim of this study was to describe the incidence, usage, and survival of wrist arthroplasty using data from the Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry (AOANJRR).

Methods Data included all primary TWA procedures from 2006 to 2021. The primary outcome assessed was revision surgery. Utilization of TWA, etiology leading to TWA, patient demographics, and surgical factors were also assessed.

Results There were 439 primary TWA procedures performed across the 16-year reporting period. Four prostheses (Motec, Universal 2, Freedom, and ReMotion) have been used, with a recent increased usage toward the Motec, which accounted for 97.4% of prostheses implanted in 2021. There has also been an increase in the number of surgeons performing TWA over time. The most common underlying etiology was osteoarthritis (72.7%), followed by rheumatoid arthritis (15.9%). Implantation for inflammatory arthropathy remained relatively constant across time; however, TWA has been utilized with increasing frequency for the treatment of osteoarthritis and other indications more recently. The cumulative percent revision at 10 years was 18.3%. Loosening accounted for 25.6% of all revisions, followed by osteolysis (12.8%), pain (12.8%), and instability (7.7%). Attempted conversion to an arthrodesis occurred in 10.3% of all revisions.

Conclusion There has been an increase in both the volume of TWA performed and the number of surgeons undertaking this procedure in Australia over the past 16 years. The Motec system has become the prosthesis of choice. Medium-term revision rates are inferior when compared with Australian data for hip, knee, and shoulder arthroplasty.
A Jehovah's Witness Patient with Polytrauma: Deontology, Law, and Faith
Authors: Gali Yagna Munesh , Reddy K. Subba , Alam M.I. , Ratnam B.G.
Published: January 2024

Polytrauma involving traumatic brain injury poses serious threats like hemorrhagic shock and consumption coagulopathy. Blood and blood components are a necessity for maintenance of homeostasis in these patients. Elizabeth Topley and R. Clarke, in their study, demonstrated a considerable drop in red cell volume following a major trauma, nearly 11% in the next 14 days. Use of extensive perioperative blood salvage techniques, recombinant erythropoietin, iron complex injections, and antifibrinolytic agents cannot replace the benefits of blood and blood component transfusion. The real challenge of blood transfusion arises in Jehovah's Witness (JW) patients where a licensed medical practitioner (LMP) is caught in the loop of protecting the sanctity of faith over saving a patient's life. This case report highlights the successful management of a 19-year-old JW patient without transfusion of blood or blood products despite an absolute indication for transfusion. We also discuss the legal and ethical perspectives necessary for a legal medical practitioner, when treating patients of JW faith.
Neglected Cervical Facet Dislocation without Neurological Deficit: A Simple Solution to a Complex Problem—A Case Series and Review
Authors: Kumar Vishal , Rai Ankit , Dhatt Sarvdeep Singh
Published: January 2024

Cervical facet dislocation is a disastrous injury. Delayed presentation is not uncommon owing to various reasons in developing countries. Autofusion and a halt in progression are seen in spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis. Conservative treatment with close observation can be offered to the carefully selected patients with neglected cervical facet dislocations with intact neurology, as the injury is stable after autofusion. We registered eight male patients with cervical facet dislocation with delayed presentation for various reasons. Dynamic radiographs, computed tomography (CT) scan, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were done to rule out any instability, cord compression, or bony fusion. Patients were followed up for 6 months clinically and radiologically. A total of eight patients presented with cervical facet dislocation, with a mean delay in presentation of 33 weeks (range: 14–54 weeks). Postinjury, all the patients were neurologically intact, with the only complaint of cervical pain at presentation. Dynamic radiographs did not show any instability. No cord compression or changes were noted on the MRI. Conservative management was advised for all eight patients. A subsequent follow-up CT scan demonstrated bony fusion at the dislocated facets in three of these patients. All the patients remained neurologically intact, with no further progression of the deformity. Surgical management is the mainstay of treatment for neglected facet dislocations. A combined approach has been advocated in most of the studies for proper reduction and alignment in these cases, which is quite extensive and has its own morbidity. A trial of conservative treatment can be offered to selected patients with intact neurology.
Determining the Normal Glenoid Version in the Indian Population
Authors: Sonve Ashwini Sankhe , Joshi Anagha Rajeev , Rai Pareekshith R. , Achhapalia Yash
Published: January 2024

Background Glenoid version refers to the angle subtended by the glenoid with the scapula. On average, it is 0 ± 10 degrees with a slight propensity toward retroversion. Numerous factors such the dominance(handedness), gender, ethnicity, and pathology are known to affect version. Version has important consequences on the biomechanics of the shoulder joint and is altered in those with arthritis and shoulder joint instability.

Aim Our study aimed to determine the normal range of glenoid version in the population. Further, we aim to assess the relationship between gender and version.

Settings and Design We conducted a retrospective observational study in a tertiary referral hospital with a target sample size of 200 shoulders.

Methods and Materials The computed tomography images were retrospectively reviewed to determine the scapular shape and the glenoid version angle.

Statistical Analysis Statistical analysis was done using SPSS v.22 software with p-value less than 0.05 considered as significant.

Results The mean age of the individuals in our study was 44 years. In our study, irrespective of gender, most individuals had some degree of anteversion and males had lower degree of anteversion. Previous studies have shown that most normal individuals usually have retroverted shoulder joints. The mean glenoid version was significantly lower in the right than in the left shoulder and males had significantly lower mean glenoid version than females in both shoulders. Most individuals in our study had a flat scapular spine.

Conclusion This study shows that the Indian population may have a slight propensity toward anteversion and this has an important bearing on shoulder arthroplasty. Further, this study shows that significantly lower degrees of version are found on the right side and that the degree of version is significantly lower in males. Understanding the role of glenoid version in shoulder biomechanics will go a long way in the early identification of pathology, the preoperative planning of shoulder arthroplasty, and the operative restoration of a functional shoulder joint.
Massive Craniocerebral Wound Reconstruction Using Fascia Lata Graft: A Case Report and Technical Note
Authors: Champeaux Depond Charles , Bernat Anne-Laure , Metellus Philippe
Published: January 2024

Penetrating head injury is rare and, their management is nonstandard with persistent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage being possibly challenging to treat. A 34-year-old man with no past medical history was referred in emergency room for an impressive accidental penetrating craniocerebral wound through which the brain was extruding due to the raised intracranial pressure. Computed tomography scan showed a comminuted frontal fracture extended to the anterior skull base and a severe bifrontal lobe concussion with a diffuse intracranial hemorrhage. A debridement and washout of the craniocerebral wound were achieved with careful hemostasis followed by a decompressive craniectomy. Fortunately, the patient survived but, the CSF continued to leak through the anterior skull base fracture with no endoscopic treatment possibility. Fifteen days after the initial trauma, a surgical sealing was decided using a large fascia lata sheath harvested on the right thigh by a “S”-shaped incision. A significant piece of fascia lata was cut off and meticulously sutured to the remaining dura mater rims in double-layered watertight fashion. Both cranial and right thigh wounds healed uneventfully and the CSF leak never reoccurred. Twenty-two weeks after the initial trauma, a custom-made titanium cranioplasty was inserted without any dissection difficulty. In case of persistent CSF leakage not amenable to endonasal endoscopic treatment, the use of a large piece of facia lata harvested on the thigh using an “S”-shaped incision is a simple, reliable way to efficiently repair a large dura mater defect. It requires neither special skills nor sophisticated instruments.
Real-World Experiences of Next-Generation Sequencing in Oncology: From an Indian Multicenter Registry and Collaborative Centers
Authors: Philips Ashwin Oommen , Panda Soumya Surath , Cyriac Sunu , Moharana Lalatendu , Kilaru Sindhu , Kolluri Spoorty , Rathnam Krishnakumar , Saju S.V. , Raju Honey Susan , Kayal Smita , Biswajit Dubashi , Sehrawat Amit , Sundriyal Deepak , Jose Anil T. , Raju Sreeja , Paul Preethi , Ganesan Prasanth
Published: January 2024

Background The integration of next-generation sequencing (NGS) in guiding personalized therapy for oncology faces the challenges, primarily, of cost and drug accessibility. Limited data from Indian academic centers accentuate the need for comprehensive insights into the real-world applications of NGS in oncology.

Methods The Network of Oncology Clinical Trials in India (NOCI), accessible at www.noci-india.com, compiled data on patients who underwent NGS for solid organ cancers from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2021. This study aimed to elucidate the testing indications, sample types analyzed, and the resultant impact on patient care.

Results Analysis of data from six centers included 278 subjects, with 24 specimens (9%) excluded due to quality test failure. Tissue constituted 59.7% of specimens, blood 38.5%, and both 1.8%. Predominantly, NGS was employed for identifying BRCA1/2 mutations (56%) and for targeted therapy in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC; 28%). Only 41 (16%) patients with other cancers underwent multigene NGS panels in pursuit of targetable mutations. Among them, 13 exhibited targetable mutations, and 3 received treatment based on NGS findings.

Conclusion This study underscores that the majority of NGS applications focused on screening for BRCA1/2 mutations and identifying targetable mutations in NSCLC. However, among those undergoing NGS for advanced cancers, only a limited number received personalized therapy. The findings underscore the challenges of utilizing NGS in off-label indications within resource-constrained settings.
Fraturas periprotéticas do fêmur no peroperatório das artroplastias totais primárias do quadril
Authors: Trentini Conrado Auer , Balsano Marcela de Andrade , Deeke Mark , Zaniolo Francisco José
Published: January 2024

Objetivo Determinar a incidência de fraturas periprotéticas do fêmur no peroperatório em artroplastias primárias do quadril e correlacioná-las com os fatores de risco inerentes aos pacientes, implantes e ao diagnóstico de coxoartrose e/ou fratura do colo do fêmur.

Métodos Estudo transversal, com análise retrospectiva de prontuários e exames de imagem de arquivos dos pacientes operados entre 2014 e 2019. As variáveis analisadas seguiram o proposto pela literatura mundial, sendo elas: idade, sexo, índice de Dorr, indicação cirúrgica, classificação de Vancouver, local, tipo de fixação (cimentada ou não cimentada), modelo do implante utilizado, diagnóstico intraoperatório e tratamento instituído. Todas as cirurgias utilizaram a mesma via de acesso póstero-lateral e foram realizadas pelo mesmo grupo de cirurgiões.

Resultados Dentro da amostra de 2.217 artroplastias (2.154 pacientes) foram identificadas 12 fraturas (0,56%) em 12 pacientes. A amostra foi composta por 8 pacientes do gênero feminino e 4 do gênero masculino, com média de idade de 62,53 anos. Em todos os casos diagnosticados foram adicionadas cerclagens de proteção ao nível do pequeno trocanter e ou do grande trocanter e em 3 casos houve mudança de hastes femorais não cimentadas para cimentadas e apenas 1 evoluiu com necessidade de revisão.

Conclusão A análise dos dados permite afirmar que o risco de fratura periprotética intraoperatória é maior em mulheres e com o uso de hastes não cimentadas. A ocorrência destas neste estudo teve taxa inferior a 1%.
Examining One-Star Reviews in Orthopaedic Hand Surgeons in Large U.S. Cities
Authors: Hitchman Kyle J. , Anastasio Albert T. , Baumann Anthony N. , Welch Sarah E. , Walley Kempland C. , Klifto Christopher S.
Published: January 2024

Introduction Physician-review websites are a commonly used resource by patients when choosing a surgeon. While data exist regarding some surgical specialties, no study has examined negative one-star reviews for orthopaedic-trained hand surgeons. The goal of this study was to investigate one-star reviews regarding orthopaedic-trained hand and upper extremity surgeons in the 10 largest cities in the United States to determine the associated factors behind unsatisfied patients to improve patient care.

Methods Patient reviews and narratives of orthopaedic-trained hand surgeons were collected from the 10 largest cities in the United States using Vitals.com. One-star reviews (out of a five-star maximum) with comments were identified and classified as operative or nonoperative. These reviews were further subclassified based on the nature of the comment.

Results A total of 830 one-star reviews with 1,662 complaints were included in this study. Of these complaints, 557 (33.5%) were from patients who received operative care and 1,105 (66.5%) were from nonoperative care patients. Nonoperative patient one-star reviews had a significantly higher proportion of complaints related to bedside manners (37.6 to 19.6%, p < 0.001), not enough time spent with the provider (18.1 to 4.5%, p < 0.001), and wait time (13.3 to 3.2%, p < 0.001) as compared with operative patient one-star reviews. Operative patient one-star reviews had a higher proportion of complaints related to disagreement with the physician's decision or plan (15.6 to 10.2%, p = 0.002); uncontrolled pain (14.4 to 7.9%, p < 0.001); and medical staff or institution (17.2 to 12.9%, p = 0.018) as compared with nonoperative patients.

Discussion Most one-star reviews regarding orthopaedic-trained hand surgeons referenced nonclinical components—bedside manner was the most common complaint. It was determined that surgical patients were less likely to leave a one-star review; however, if they did, the most common complaint was in reference to a disagreement with the physician's decision or uncontrolled pain postoperatively.

Type of Study Outcomes 2c.
Association of Posterior Horn Meniscus Tears with Obesity: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Siller Ryan L. , Raja Hamza , Lindeman Robert W.
Published: January 2024

Our study aims to determine the association between obesity and meniscal tears involving the posterior third of the medial meniscus and meniscal root tears. We conducted a 3-year retrospective review of isolated operatively treated meniscal injuries in adult patients performed by a single surgeon. Cases with concomitant pathology were excluded. Patient demographics, height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) were recorded and compared against location of meniscus tear noted via magnetic resonance imaging and arthroscopic imaging. Eighty-nine patients met the inclusion criteria, of which 65.2% were obese (BMI > 30) and 10.1% were morbidly obese (BMI > 40). Average BMI across all patients was 32.6 ± 6.7. Forty-four patients had a tear involving the posterior horn of the medial meniscus, including 20 involving the meniscal root. The average BMI of patients with tears involving the meniscal root was 35.7 ± 6. There was a statistically significant association between type of meniscus tear and BMI as well as height. Obese patients were more likely to have a posterior horn of the medial meniscus tear (odds ratio [OR]: 1.59) and meniscal root tear (OR: 124.67), as were morbidly obese patients (OR: 2.21 and 5.41, respectively). Elevated BMI is associated with posterior horn of the medial meniscus tear. Obesity and morbid obesity are strongly associated with meniscal root tears and tears included in the posterior third of the medial meniscus.
Blondel’s African Presidential Republics: proof presidentialism can perform even in the most challenging contexts?
Authors: Cheeseman Nic
Published: January 2024

The debate on the ‘perils of presidentialism’ has been raging for over 30 years and gone through at least three waves. It began with the influential work of Juan Linz and most recently has seen the emergence of a rich literature on coalitional presidentialism, which has demonstrated the capacity of presidents to manage fragmented multi-party legislatures, and hence overcome the dangers of political deadlock. Jean Blondel’s last book (African Presidential Republics, Oxford, Routledge, 2019) belongs to this latest wave in the sense that he argues that presidential systems can overcome their limitations, and that certain aspects of the presidential models actually give them an advantage over parliamentary equivalents. This article reviews Blondel’s argument against the latest developments in African politics. I suggest that there are fewer instances of positive presidentialism today than Blondel hoped for, in part because democratic progress has often proved to be particularly vulnerable to later autocratization due to a tendency not to entrench gains via constitutional reforms. Despite this cautionary note, however, I conclude that Blondel is right to reject the idea that African cases provide support for the ‘perils of presidentialism’. This is not only because Blondel highlights a number of presidents who played a benign or positive role in their country’s political development, but also because the coalitional presidentialism literature suggests that there is little evidence that parliamentary systems would perform significantly better.
BioCARS: Synchrotron facility for probing structural dynamics of biological macromolecules
Authors: Henning Robert W. , Kosheleva Irina , Šrajer Vukica , Kim In-Sik , Zoellner Eric , Ranganathan Rama
Published: January 2024

A major goal in biomedical science is to move beyond static images of proteins and other biological macromolecules to the internal dynamics underlying their function. This level of study is necessary to understand how these molecules work and to engineer new functions and modulators of function. Stemming from a visionary commitment to this problem by Keith Moffat decades ago, a community of structural biologists has now enabled a set of x-ray scattering technologies for observing intramolecular dynamics in biological macromolecules at atomic resolution and over the broad range of timescales over which motions are functionally relevant. Many of these techniques are provided by BioCARS, a cutting-edge synchrotron radiation facility built under Moffat leadership and located at the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory. BioCARS enables experimental studies of molecular dynamics with time resolutions spanning from 100 ps to seconds and provides both time-resolved x-ray crystallography and small- and wide-angle x-ray scattering. Structural changes can be initiated by several methods—UV/Vis pumping with tunable picosecond and nanosecond laser pulses, substrate diffusion, and global perturbations, such as electric field and temperature jumps. Studies of dynamics typically involve subtle perturbations to molecular structures, requiring specialized computational techniques for data processing and interpretation. In this review, we present the challenges in experimental macromolecular dynamics and describe the current state of experimental capabilities at this facility. As Moffat imagined years ago, BioCARS is now positioned to catalyze the scientific community to make fundamental advances in understanding proteins and other complex biological macromolecules.
A self-powered triboelectric sensor for basketball monitoring
Authors: Yang Hailin , Zhang Shuai , Li Jianghua
Published: January 2024

Recently, flexible sensors have attracted attention in sports monitoring. Here, we developed a novel PDMS@MXene@BaTiO3-based triboelectric nanogenerator (PMB-TENG) by using various processing techniques, including ion treatment and dielectric regulation, for energy harvesting and basketball motion sensing. The polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film has achieved improved triboelectric properties through ion treatment. The pressed PET film and PDMS@MXene@BaTiO3 film serve as the triboelectric layers. In detail, the improvement in the PMB-TENG output in open-circuit voltage (Voc), short-circuit current (Isc), and transferred charge (Qsc) was more than 5.2 times (from 31.2 to 164.4 V), 4.4 times (from 0.96 to 4.08 µA), and 3.1 times (from 9.72 to 31.2 nC), respectively, which demonstrates the function of ion modification. When the resistance value of the load reaches 70 MΩ, the output power of the PMB-TENG reaches its maximum of 2.4 W/m2. The PMB-TENG can be installed on the foot, knee, and wrist to monitor the human posture in basketball. This research will promote the development of basketball monitoring equipment.
Huge mobility difference between the neutral and charged steps on 180° domain walls of PbTiO3 by first-principles calculations
Authors: Fang Zhong , Wang Yu-Jia , Tang Yun-Long , Zhu Yin-Lian , Ma Xiu-Liang
Published: January 2024

The microscopic mechanism of ferroelectric switching is the motion of domain walls, which is actually accomplished by the movement of tiny steps on the domain walls. Using first-principles calculations, the detailed polarization structures and the motion barriers of neutral and charged steps on 180° domain walls of prototypical ferroelectrics PbTiO3 are elaborately revealed in this study. While the Bloch components get weakened near all neutral steps, they become weakened/strengthened near the head-to-head/tail-to-tail charged steps. The neutral step possesses a lower formation energy but a higher migration barrier, indicating that the charged step could move faster. Based on these results, the possible motion picture of steps on one 180° domain wall of tetragonal ferroelectrics is proposed, which provides a better understanding of the mechanism of domain wall motion and may shed light on the future development of domain wall–based functional devices.