bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Self-Reported Marital Quality of Military Families Living Off-Post in a Midwestern Community
Authors: Schumm Walter R. , Hammond Phyllis M.
Published: September 2011

Military, student, and other wives from a sample of 212 wives and both spouses from a sample of 79 couples from the Midwest are compared on a variety of self-report measures of marital quality. While few significant differences were found among the three groups, those that were significant favored the military couples. In these samples, the strengths of military families appeared sufficient to offset the stresses peculiar to their family life. The results suggest that not all military families can be fairly characterized as problematic or dysfunctional.
The Boulder Model Revisited
Authors: Frank George
Published: September 2011

If we can differentiate the Boulder philosophy (that is, the intent of the participants at the 1949 Boulder Conference on training in clinical psychology) from the Boulder-model program (that is, the actual program of education which materialized), we would have to agree with Raimy who in 1984 suggests that the Boulder program (that is, the program the participants at the Boulder Conference hoped would materialize) has never been actualized. The philosophy of the Boulder program was that clinical work in psychology should be based on scientific data and that the clinical psychologist should be expected to do research to contribute to the corpus of ideas in clinical psychology. In Frank's recent essays the training of the clinical psychologist for research was discussed; in this essay, the degree to which clinical training is based on scientific data and the data of basic psychology, is discussed. The conclusion is drawn that the foundation of clinical work by psychologists is not basic psychology. The influence of this observation on clinical training was discussed and recommendations made to modify the current clinical programs so that the Boulder philosophy might actually be actualized.
An Academic Stress Scale: Identification and Rated Importance of Academic Stressors
Authors: Kohn James P. , Frazer Gregory H.
Published: September 2011

The purpose of this study was to identify events which elicit academic stress, determine the relative magnitude of each item, and develop an academic stress scale for college students. A convenient sample of 202 college students was used to generate the 35 stressors while one of 498 students was utilized to assess the stressfulness of each item on a scale of 1 to 1000. The data indicated that final grades, excessive homework, term papers, examinations, and studying for examinations were the most significant stressors encountered by the students. Although ratings appeared to be similar for all demographic subgroups, pooled variance t tests indicated 13 significant mean differences within the composite instrument. Religion and ethnicity were the areas of greatest difference, with Buddhists and Arabs differing from all other religions and races, respectively. Reliability for the composite instrument, as measured by Cronbach's alpha, was .92 and .86 via the split-half method. Results can be used to enhance students' educational experience, tailor counselling programs, and modify the educational facilities and structures. The data reestablish the need for proper educational methodology.
An Empirical Investigation of the Relationship between Perceived Position Power and Task and Career Sources of Dependency in Organizations
Authors: Mainiero Lisa A.
Published: September 2011

The basic concepts of Emerson's theory of power-dependency relations were tested as they apply to managerial behavior in organizations. 53 managers were asked to complete a 7-point Likert-type questionnaire designed to determine perceptions of position power and their dependency on others for task and career reasons. Correlational and regression analyses on task and career dependency confirmed hypotheses that the more dependent one is on others, the less the perceived position power, and the greater the dependency of others for sources of career support, the greater the perceived position power. Implications of power-dependency theory for understanding managerial behavior in organizations are discussed.
Parental Control in Child Rearing and Trait Anxiety in Young Adults
Authors: De Man A. F.
Published: September 2011

35 men and 35 women participated in a study of the relationship between experienced parental control and level of trait anxiety in early adult life. The correlation for the combined subjects indicated a moderate association between the two variables. Separate analyses for the men and women yielded a significant correlation for the women but not for the men.
Predicting Neuropsychological Impairment by Screening Instruments and Intellectual Evaluation Indices: Implications for the Meaning of Kaufman's Factor III
Authors: Bowers Thomas G. , Washburn Stel E. , Livesay Jerry R.
Published: September 2011

Neuropsychological impairment, as evaluated by the Halstead Impairment Index, was predicted on the basis of intellectual test scores, impairment indices from the intellectual test, and organic screening instruments. Traditional screening indices and tests performed relatively poorly, but a linear combination of Kaufman's Factor III scores and errors on the Benton Visual Retention Test yielded the best prediction of impairment. Kaufman's Factor III score, generally considered as Freedom from Distractibility, was the better of the two predictors. The exclusion of the remaining indicators of impairment did not significantly alter the regression results. The final over-all prediction gave correct classification of 82% of the cases, with a multiple R of .62. These results were considered to indicate attentional processes may be central signs of cortical dysfunction. Methodological issues require cross-validation of these results, but the results also suggested the desirability of further research on the relationship between attentional processes and neuropsychological impairment.
Analysis of Typological Factors across the Eight State Questionnaire and the Differential Emotions Scale
Authors: Boyle Gregory J.
Published: September 2011

The use of multivariate mood-state scales has recently become quite popular. Two instruments designed to measure fundamental emotions are the Eight State Questionnaire and the Differential Emotions Scale. As it appears that each instrument taps somewhat different sectors of the mood-state sphere, elucidation of a smaller number of typological factors across both instruments seems desirable to provide the basis for an instrument which better taps the total mood-state sphere than does either one of these alone. In the present study, a combined scale-factoring of the two instruments is undertaken on a sample of 450 college students. Results suggest that six typological factors account for most of the variance measured in the 20 separate subscales of the combined instruments.
Vygotsky's Developmental Psychology
Authors: Van Der Veer R.
Published: September 2011

Contemporary child psychologists make increasing use of ideas formulated by the Soviet psychologist Lev S. Vygotsky. Only part of his work, however, has been Translated into English. This makes our impression of Vygotsky's developmental psychology incomplete. The present paper seeks to provide additional relevant information, as yet unknown in Anglosaxon countries. The purpose is to complete our knowledge of Vygotskian ideas and to show that part of his theory is still relevant to present research in developmental psychology.
Fear of Failure in Families without Fathers
Authors: Greenfeld Norman , Teevan Richard C.
Published: September 2011

165 students in introductory psychology were administered a modified TAT task scored for Fear of Failure using procedures developed by Birney, et al., in 1969. Significant differences in scores on Fear of Failure were reported between students in two-parent homes and those from father-absent homes. Differences in Fear of Failure scores were largest between intact families and those families where the father had died and next largest between intact families and father-absence due to divorce or separation, with greater effect of father's absence on the lives of boys than of girls.
Variations in Stress Responses as a Function of Cognitive and Personality Variables
Authors: Morgan Charles H. , Owen Dean W. , Miller Arden , Watts Martha L.
Published: September 2011

Prior research shows wide individual differences in perception of and response to stressful life events. The present study examined the extent to which those differences could be attributable to individual differences in one's feelings of general self-efficacy or to characteristic ways of attributing causality for possible successful resolution of the problem posed. A sample of 273 undergraduate students were surveyed to ascertain their estimates of the stressfulness of four of 16 stressful life events as well as their attributions of the causality of successful resolution and the individuals' scores on the Self-efficacy Scale. Subjects' ratings of stressfulness were quite consistent regardless of the specific definition of stress used, were significantly, but at a low level, related to felt self-efficacy, and were inconsistently related to attributional characteristics. Further directions for research in the situational and individual interaction in assessing the impact of stressful events are suggested.
Peer-Directed Behaviors and Interactions of Infants in Group Care
Authors: Wescombe Noel R. , Harper Lawrence , Barton Keith
Published: September 2011

The behaviors of each of eight 12- to 14-mo.-old infants were filmed at two frames per second for 15 min. Infants averaged 9.5 bouts of behavior directed toward peers, primarily looking. The median total duration of peer behavior was 92 sec.; they were alone most of the time. Objects did not seem to be mediators of peer interaction. Analysis of bout-durations indicated that, to capture sequences of “general” categories of behavior, observation intervals must be > 1 sec.; sequencing specific acts required intervals > 2 sec.
Comparison of Scores of Hearing-Impaired Children on the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales and the Vineland Social Maturity Scale
Authors: Altepeter Tom , Moscato Eileen M. , Cummings Jack A.
Published: September 2011

A study comparing the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales with the original Vineland Social Maturity Scale was conducted with a sample of 37 hearing-impaired children. A brief discussion of the literature showed a current lack of instrumentation for assessing adaptive behavior of such children. Correlations of scores on the two scales were significant and positive. Comparisons of mean standard scores indicated that the Social Maturity Scale yielded significantly higher standard scores than the Adaptive Behavior Scales.
Overestimation of Academic Competence by High School Dropouts
Authors: Svec Henry
Published: September 2011

To estimate the frequency of academic overestimation by high school dropouts, the achievement and self-concept scores of 40 normal, and 40 dropout male adolescents, were evaluated. For this sample dropouts were not over-represented in the high self-concept, low-achievement group. This suggests that students may not leave school to “save face” and that other factors may contribute to this phenomenon.
A Large Scale Cross-Validation of Second-Order Personality Structure Defined by the 16PF
Authors: Krug Samuel E. , Johns Edgar F.
Published: September 2011

The second-order factors structure of the 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF) was cross-validated on a large sample ( N = 17,381) of normal males and females. Subjects were sampled across a broad range of ages, socioeconomic levels, education, geographic location, and ethnicity. The purposes of this investigation were (1) to provide a precise definition of 16PF second-order factor structure, (2) to shed additional light on the nature of two second-order factors that have been previously identified but described as “unstable” and “poorly reproduced,” and (3) to determine the extent to which common factor estimation formulas for men and women would prove satisfactory for applied work. The resulting solutions were congruent with previous studies and showed a high degree of simple structure. Support was provided for one, but not both, of the two additional second-order factors. Results also supported the use of simplified estimation formulas for applied use.
Psychoanalysis and Psychology
Authors: Fine Reuben
Published: September 2011

This paper makes a plea for a closer rapprochement between psychoanalysis and psychology. While growth in the American Psychoanalytic Association has been extremely slow over the past ten years, growth in the nonmedical field has been extraordinary. Should psychanalysis embrace psychology as a science more fully, the effect on the culture would be enormous.
Comparison of WAIS and WAIS—R Factor Structure for Neuropsychiatric Patients
Authors: Warner Molly H. , Ernst John , Townes Brenda D.
Published: September 2011

The factor structure of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale vs the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—Revised was examined using two samples of 198 and 276 neuropsychiatric patients. Results of two- and three-factor principal factor solutions with varimax rotations were compared across test forms. Results supported comparable two-factor models for both scales. The third factor, Freedom From Distractibility, accounted for a small percentage of the total variances. Composition of the third factor was inconsistent between samples, calling into question the clinical and theoretical utility of this construct.
Some Possible Limitations of Feedback in Instruction
Authors: Langer Philip , Keenan Verne , Medosch-Schonbeck Christina
Published: September 2011

This study explored the effect of varying amounts of feedback on the reconstruction of scrambled text. The subjects were undergraduate psychology students at the University of Colorado. Half the subjects reconstructed a 26-sentence passage dealing with Watergate, while the other half read either the same scrambled version or the original passage. The independent variables were amount of feedback available, reconstructing or reading, and time of testing (immediate vs delayed). Dependent variables included percentage of idea units recalled, percentage of original sentences recognized from paraphrases, and for the subjects who reconstructed the text concordance ( tau) between their final sentence order and the sequence of the original passage. Among the findings were (1) no statistically significant differences between feedback groups for percent of idea units recalled, and percent recognition scores; (2) concordance ( tau) with the original order of sentences increased with greater amounts of feedback but was not associated with higher recall or recognition scores; and (3) the process of reconstruction assisted recognition but not recall. The implications of these findings for current assumptions about feedback and text processing are assessed.
Moral Judgment and Behaviour at School
Authors: Kalliopuska Mirja , Mustakallio Liisa
Published: September 2011

The relationship of moral judgments, behaviour at school, and helping behaviour was studied by testing 215 children, aged 9 to 10 (3rd graders) and 11 to 12 (5th graders), as subjects. Behaviour at school was measured on the basis of conduct grades and appraisals of good and poor behaviour administered by teachers. Helping behaviour was measured by peer ratings while moral judgments were measured by Kohlberg's test. The concept of a positive relationship between moral judgments and school behaviour was strengthened in groups according to sex and grade. Girls in Grade 5 were an exception. Apparently prepuberty emphasized such facets of the girls' behaviour as lack of responsibility, disinterest in cooperation, unfriendliness, and opposition. The lower the level of moral judgments the more conduct problems may occur.
A Test of the Small-Trials Partial Reinforcement Extinction Effect in an Operant Conditioning Situation
Authors: Miller Laurence , Reas Cindy
Published: September 2011

Following familiarization and magazine training, three groups of rats received either: (1) four food pellets for each of four lever-presses, (2) food for only the first and third lever-presses, or (3) food for only the second and fourth lever-presses. Responding was then extinguished. There were no significant differences between the groups in number of lever presses during extinction or time to extinguish and no significant correlations between these two measures and the number of pellets received during magazine training or the elapsed time to emit the four lever-presses. These data contradict the small-trials partial reinforcement extinction effect commonly reported with the straight alley. However, these data are consistent with those recently reported by Nevin (1985) and with his concept of behavioral momentum, which may apply to the operant chamber but not to the runway.
Personality Characteristics of Volunteers in a Companion for Children Program
Authors: Burke Donald M. , Hall Maureen
Published: September 2011

This study evaluated the effectiveness of the MMPI and other personal factors in predicting both the length of time the volunteer would be in the program and the quality of performance of the volunteer in a Companions for Children program. The MMPI scores of 67 volunteers, over a 2-yr. period, were evaluated. There were some significant correlations between longevity in program, specifically occupation, education, and scores on the Hysteria scale of the MMPI were negatively correlated. The staff-rated quality of the volunteers, education, and occupation were significantly correlated, as well as scores on the Psychasthenia scale of the MMPI. A forward stepwise regression, performed for longevity and rated quality, showed education, scores on the F scale, Hysteria scale, and Psychasthenia scale were the four best indicators of longevity. The best four indicators for rated quality were the F scale, Hypochondriasis scale, Schizophrenia scale, and the Social introversion-extroversion scale. Although the MMPI was a good screening device, it was not an adequate predictor of eventual longevity or quality in the program.
Potential Significance of First Names: A Review
Authors: Horne Marcia D.
Published: September 2011

In this article are reviewed observations and studies concerning the influence of first names on interpersonal interactions. Investigations of desirability of names and research relating first names to personality development, teachers' and peers' attitudes are considered. Data are limited; it is important to investigate the ways in which a person's first name may affect self-attitudes, interpersonal interactions, and achievement.
An Investigation of Worldmindedness, Satisfaction, and Commitment for Hirers of Foreign Student Exchanges
Authors: Schell Bernadette , Sherritt Helen , Lewis Mark , Mansfield Paul
Published: September 2011

Sampson and Smith's Worldmindedness scale is a 32-item disagree-agree inventory designed to assess worldminded values in individuals. This procedure, developed and tested in the United States, has here been applied to a Canadian sample of 91 company hirers of foreign students and 21 company nonhirers of such. In doing so, the stability of previous findings for USA students and the reliability of the instrument have also been assessed. Also, using a series of disagree-agree attitudinal items, the hirers were asked about their satisfaction with and commitment to foreign student exchange programs and services. The instrument was distributed to all respondents by mail. A primary finding was that hirers of foreign students appear to have higher worldmindedness scores than North American students and nonhirers of foreign students. Implications of this research along marketing lines are discussed.
Process-Oriented Variables and Measurement of Job Performance: An Examination of Raters' Weighting Strategy
Authors: Kleiman Lawrence S. , Faley Robert H.
Published: September 2011

This study explored the impart of process-oriented variables on the measurement of job performance by examining raters' weighting strategy. Weighting strategy was defined as the manner in which raters weight or combine their evaluations of a subordinate's job performance to reach an over-all judgment on a dimension. Specifically, three issues were examined: (1) the amount of relative weight raters place on favorable, neutral, and unfavorable information, (2) the number of pieces of information raters utilize in reaching an over-all judgment on a performance dimension, and (3) the extent to which raters agree on which piece(s) of information should be most heavily weighted in arriving at such a decision. An analysis of the job-performance ratings of 132 police officers showed that the most favorable information receives the most weight, raters utilize multiple pieces of information when arriving at an over-all judgment, and raters disagree on the relative importance they attribute to each piece of information in the decision-making process. The discussion centered on ways of improving the psychometric properties of measures for performance appraisal.
Two Motives to Avoid Success in Japan
Authors: Yamauchi Hirotsugu
Published: September 2011

Mean scores on test designed to evaluate two motives to avoid success were examined for 207 male and 110 female college students, and 277 men and 379 women 20- to 50-yr.-old. The revised Achievement-related Motives Scale was administered. Two subscales of the motives scale were related to a fear of loss of affiliation and a denying attitude for attaining success. Analysis showed fear of loss of affiliation grew gradually stronger with age, but there was no significant difference by sex; the denying attitude for attaining success was not statistically significantly different by sex, but women's mean scores were higher than those of men.
MMPI F, 4, and 9 as a Measure of Aggression in a College Sample
Authors: Schill Thomas , Wang Selina , Thomsen Daniel
Published: September 2011

This study sought to determine whether the MMPI F, 4, 9 composite score which has been used to assess aggressive acting out in various pathological populations also assesses this disposition in a more normal sample of 124 college students who took the MMPI and the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory. The MMPI composite score correlated .46 with the Buss-Durkee motor factor of hostility and .53 with the attitude factor. These correlations were higher than correlations with Pd and Ma. The results lend support for the usefulness of the F, 4, 9 Composite with less pathological populations as well.
Attributional and Irrational Cognitions, Depression and (Threat of) Job Redundancy
Authors: Van Den Bout Jan
Published: September 2011

The attributional reformulation of the learned helplessness model as well as the rational-emotive model make predictions about the nature of cognitions which are hypothesized to be related to depressive affect. In the present research for 27 (ex-)employees of a firm, who had recently been made redundant or lived with the threat of redundancy, whether attributional and irrational cognitions are related to depression was examined. For both types of cognitions, general and situation-specific, i.e., concerning the (threat of) job redundancy, beliefs were assessed. None of the attribution measures for bad events correlated significantly with depression. Both general and specific irrational beliefs were significantly associated with depression.
Mathematics: Stereotyped as a Male Domain?
Authors: Leder Gilah C.
Published: September 2011

The Adjective Check List was used to obtain stereotypes of outstanding students in mathematics and English to assess whether mathematics continues to be perceived as a male domain. The sample comprised 113 (Australian) students and 127 (American) undergraduates in education. Successful students in mathematics and English were generally regarded favourably, with the former in particular being described in attributes typically associated with the male role.
Effects of Biofeedback and Cognitive Therapy on Stress in Patients with Breast Cancer
Authors: Davis Henry
Published: September 2011

The effects of psychological intervention on multilevel stress responding in 25 patients newly diagnosed as having breast cancer were studied. Specifically, biofeedback and cognitive therapies were employed as treatments with 24-hr. urinary cortisol and state anxiety as dependent variables. The proportion of treated patients showing improvement exceeded that of non-treated patients on both variables. Most significantly, Cortisol levels among the 12 treated patients were reduced relative to those of control patients. These results are discussed for their relevance to psychoimmunology.
A Versatile Apparatus for Studying Rodents' Behavior
Authors: Caspy Tamir , Caspi Nissan
Published: September 2011

A method for constructing a multiuse apparatus for rats and mice is described. The apparatus can be used as a T-maze, straight-alley, shuttle-box, or as four different Skinner-boxes which can be operated simultaneously. Cues, signals, and different kinds of partitions are available. Shock delivery as well as different response and reward manipulations are possible. Maintenance is simple.
The Gladding, Lewis, and Adkins Scale of Religiosity: Differences among a Sample of Protestants, Catholics, Jews, and Nonaffiliates
Authors: Gladding Samuel T. , Clayton Gypsy Abbott
Published: September 2011

Comparisons with respect to age, sex, religious affiliation, and worship attendance were made using the Gladding, Lewis and Adkins Scale of Religiosity. The sample was comprised of 107 graduate students in education from a private Catholic university; students were categorized by religious preference. Those who attended religious services most often scored highest on the scale regardless of religious affiliation. Implications for use of these findings in counseling are discussed.
Sex Differences in the Adaptive Value of Androgyny
Authors: Heilbrun Alfred B. , Han Yu Ling
Published: September 2011

Androgynous blending of masculine and feminine behaviors was found to be positively related to androgynous sex-typing in 47 college women but not in 45 college men. However, of the two forms of androgyny, only blending was inversely related to stress in women; neither held functional significance for men.
Sex-Role Stereotyping and Young Children's Divergent Thinking
Authors: Lewis Carol D. , Houtz John C.
Published: September 2011

In two experiments 157 kindergarten and first-grade children were administered the Circles Subtest of the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking. Boys and girls were given differential instructions to think of ideas typically thought of by members of the opposite sex. The contents of the children's ideas were analyzed and scored according to male- and female-dominant categories. Directions to generate ideas of the opposite sex inhibits performance, and considerable sex-role stereotyping of responses occurs at an early age. Without training on a similar task, however, boys appeared to be less able to follow directions and think of ideas typical of the opposite sex. Results are discussed in terms of the hypothesis that girls are more knowledgeable of the opposite sex-roles than are boys but are inhibited in the expression of this knowledge by cultural expectations.
Eating, Drinking, and Smoking and Their Relationship in Adult Women
Authors: Beckwith Joan B.
Published: September 2011

The eating, drinking, and smoking habits of 766 women aged 20 to 30 yr. were studied. The behaviors were seen as currently prevalent representatives of the set of indulgent behaviors and so were of interest as a group. The total pool of volunteer subjects yielded two quasirepresentative samples of 265 subjects each which matched each other and census data across a range of demographic variables and were used to crosscheck all results. A subsample of 64 subjects provided retest data at an interval of 3 mo. between testings. Measures for the study included indicators of status in the drinking and smoking domains, and measures of level in each domain. All measures had generally acceptable psychometric properties. Within the study samples, and using the measures as developed, the behaviors were empirically independent apart from a moderate link from status in the smoking domain to drinking behavior. The predominant finding of empirical independence was explored in terms of the different frequency bases of the three behaviors, the different subjective priorities associated with them, and the possibility of opposing combinatorial and substitutory pressures.
Word/World Knowledge: Prediction of College GPA
Authors: Shaughnessy Michael F. , Evans Robert
Published: September 2011

The prediction of college grade point average has been extensively investigated. The present study examined two salient domains (word knowledge and world knowledge) with two groups of 137 student teachers (elementary and secondary) and 36 freshman students in introductory psychology classes. The results support past research indicating high school GPA to be a good predictor of college GPA. The addition of vocabulary ability improved prediction.
Correlates of Pay Satisfaction
Authors: Orpen Christopher
Published: September 2011

47 managers completed the Pay Satisfaction Questionnaire and separate measures of job involvement, work satisfaction, and internal motivation. They also provided self-ratings of performance, absenteeism, and turnover. Only two of the 24 correlations between these outcomes and satisfaction with pay level, raises, benefits, and structure were significant, those between pay level and motivation and pay level and involvement. The fact that most pay satisfaction-outcome correlations were nonsignificant suggests that in this sample pay is unrelated to job attitudes that lead to high motivation and performance.
Economic Recession and Quality of Education: Experiences of 3336 Canadian Teachers
Authors: Burke Ronald J.
Published: September 2011

A sample of 3336 teachers from across Canada described the current socioeconomic conditions of their students, schools, and local communities and indicated the frequencies with which they observed particular students' problems (personal, economic-related, discipline), and the adequacy of school facilities, programs, and resources. They also reported how these had changed over a 2-yr. period. Poorer economic conditions (more fathers unemployed, higher current unemployment rates) were significantly related to students' more frequent problems and less adequate facilities, resources, and programs. Deterioration (more frequent problems, less adequate facilities and programs) was consistently related to perceived impact of the economic recession.
Role of LPXRFamide peptide in the neuroendocrine regulation of reproduction in fish
Authors: Shahjahan Md. , Ando Hironori
Published: September 2011

The decapeptide gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is the primary factor responsible for the hypothalamic control of gonadotropin (GTH) secretion. This review focuses on a family of neuropeptides, LPXRFamide (LPXRFa) peptides, which have been implicated in the regulation of GTH secretion. LPXRFa acts on the pituitary via a G protein-coupled receptor, LPXRFa-R, to enhance gonadal development and maintenance by increasing gonadotropin release and synthesis. Because LPXRFa exists and functions in several fish species, LPXRFa is considered to be a key neurohormone in fish reproduction control. The precursors to LPXRFamide peptides encoded plural LPXRFamide peptides and were highly divergent in vertebrates, particularly in lower vertebrates. Tissue distribution analyses indicated that LPXRFamide peptides were highly concentrated in the hypothalamus and other brainstem regions. In view of the localization and expression of LPXRFamide peptides in the hypothalamo-hypophysial system, LPXRFamide peptide in fish increase GTH release in vitro and in vivo. This review summarizes the advances made in our understanding of the biosynthesis, mode of action and functional significance of LPXRFa, a newly discovered key neurohormone.
Formulation: A Proposal for a More Structured, Longitudinal Approach
Authors: Reilly John , Newton Richard
Published: September 2011

Objective: The aim of this study was to consider formulation enabling a longitudinal perspective to improve the quality of clinical information.

Method: An overview of RANZCP guidelines for formulation, our observations of formulation in practice, and consideration of the requirements of current clinical documentation systems were employed.

Results: A five paragraph structured approach to formulation, with an example, is proposed.

Conclusion: A structured schema for longitudinal formulation offers advantages for mental health services working over time with consumers with severe and enduring illnesses and should be considered in the development of clinical information systems.
Amenorrhea complicating endoscopic third ventriculostomy in the pediatric age group
Authors: Hwang Steven W. , Al-Shamy George , Whitehead William E. , Curry Daniel J. , Dauser Robert , Luerssen Thomas G. , Jea Andrew
Published: September 2011

Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) is an accepted option in the treatment of obstructive hydrocephalus in children and is considered by many pediatric neurosurgeons to be the treatment of choice in this population. The procedure involves perforation of the floor of the third ventricle, specifically, the tuber cinereum, which is part of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis of cerebral endocrine regulation. Endocrine dysfunction, such as amenorrhea, weight gain, and precocious puberty, which are recognized only months to years after the procedure, may be underreported because patients and physicians may not relate the endocrine sequelae to the ETV. Few detailed reports of endocrinerelated complications following ETV exist to better understand these issues. In this study, the authors add to the literature with case descriptions of and correlative laboratory findings in 2 adolescent girls who underwent ETV for obstructive hydrocephalus and in whom amenorrhea subsequently developed.
Fixed Point for Weakly Compatible Maps Satisfying Generalized Contraction Principle
Authors: Mehta J. , Joshi M. L.
Published: September 2011

We prove common fixed point theorems for a pair of weakly compatible mappings satisfying a generalized contraction principle by using a control function and implicit relation. We also establish invariant approximation result as an application of the result.Keywords: Common fixed point; Weakly compatible maps; Control function; Invariant approximation.© 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i3.6476               J. Sci. Res. 3 (3), 549-555 (2011)
Ring Opening of Spiroepoxides Dithianedioxide with Bis-nucleophiles
Authors: Ritmaleni R. , Aggarwal V. K.
Published: September 2011

This research was aimed to apply the spiroepoxide dithianedioxide for the synthesis of amino acid via ring opening of the spiroepoxide by bis-nucleophiles. First attempt was made to synthesize the bis-nucleophiles, amino alcohol, which was eventually used to the ring opening reaction of the spiroepoxide to produce the morpholine ring compound. The reaction was carried out in racemic and asymmetric method with moderate yield and high 99%. The last step produced amino acid that was still remained unsuccessful. However, it cannot be concluded yet whether the spiroepoxide dithianedioxide is the right intermediate for the synthesis of amino acid.Keywords:  Amino alcohol; Morpholine ring; Spiroepoxide dithianedioxide; Amino acid.© 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi: 10.3329/jsr.v3i3.6746               J. Sci. Res. 3 (3), 585-596 (2011)
In vitro Transdermal Delivery of Metformin from a HPMC/ PVA Based TDS-patch at Different pH
Authors: Jahan L. , Ferdaus R. , Shaheen S. M. , Sultan M. Z. , Mazid M. A.
Published: September 2011

In order to evaluate the pHs effect on the transdermal drug delivery, HPMC/PVA based TDS-patch was prepared. In vitro transdermal dissolution was performed at 32 oC at different pHs.  Comparatively higher release rate was found in case of pH 7.4 than those of others. pHs 5.4 and 8 showed almost the same release pattern. The release fashion was Higuchi type of diffusion controlled release. This result showed that neutral pH would accumulate the maximum drug from such a TDS patch, where the skin pH (around 5.4)  does not support such a release. Sustained release of drug from such a patch prefers skin pH rather than neutral pH.Keywords: Transdermal drug delivery; Higuchi diffusion; Release rate; Metformin.© 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i3.7422               J. Sci. Res. 3 (3), 661-667 (2011)
Elastic Behavior of γ-Li3N under Pressure
Authors: Hossain M. A. , Islam A. K. M. A.
Published: September 2011

The elastic properties of gamma-Li3N have been studied for the first time by first-principles method. Three independent elastic constants, aggregate elastic moduli (B, G, E), Poissons ratio and Debye temperature are calculated as a function of pressure from 37.12 (beta to gamma transition value)  to 200 GPa and the implications of the results are discussed.Keywords: Li3N; Gamma-phase; Elastic properties; Debye temperature.© 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i3.7832               J. Sci. Res. 3 (3), 579-584 (2011)
L'équité dans le modèle de "concurrence organisée" pour la régulation d'un système de santé
Authors: Gadreau Maryse , Schneider-Bunner Claude
Published: September 2011

Equity in the "Planned Competition" Model of Regulating a Health System by Maryse Gadreau and Claude Schneider-Bunner

The distributive logic of European health systems (contribution depending on income and use depending on need) is indicative of the importance attached to the principle of equal access to health-care. However, reforms introducing competition are arousing interest in Europe and have been piloted in the United Kingdom and the Netherlands. To what extent is equity still maintained? This paper uses a threefold typology of justice theories (egalitarian, liberal and Rawlsian) to analyse the "planned competition" model and its European pilots. The underlying conception of equity is ambiguous: all three dimensions are present, indicating the hesitations of equity policy and reflecting the pluralism of the principles in whose name the health system players are acting.
Mesurer l'influence de la fiscalité sur la localisation des entreprises
Authors: Houdebine Michel , Schneider Jean-Luc
Published: September 2011

Measuring the Influence of Taxation on Business Location Choices by Michel Houdebine and Jean-Luc Schneider

The paper attempts to model business location choices and the choice of tax rates by local authorities. Methods for estimating the sensitivity of business location choices to taxation are derived and then applied to the 36,000 local business tax rates observed in French communes and the actual location of businesses. The various estimators of sensitivity to taxation derived all provide the same relatively small order of magnitude. The results may be used to assess the cost effectiveness of local tax incentives.
Pertes de bien-être et pouvoir de marché dans l'agro-alimentaire français
Authors: Lavergne Pascal , Réquilllart Vincent , Simioni Michel
Published: September 2011

Losses of Welfare and Market Power in the French Food Industry by Pascal Lavergne, Vincent Réquillart and Michel Simioni

We study the practical problems of estimating losses of welfare resulting from market power. Particular attention is paid to the specification of demand functions, the evaluation of deviations between marginal costs and prices and the calculation of Hicksian losses of welfare. We evaluate the losses of welfare for 31 French food sectors and show that the Marshallian consumers' surplus measurement is a good approximation of the Hicksian surplus measurement. However, the Marshallian loss of welfare measurement does not provide a good approximation of the corresponding Hicksian measurement. Lastly, the different approximations of the marginal cost-price deviation produce considerably different sector rankings by extent of losses of welfare.
Cycles de la production industrielle : une analyse historique dans le domaine des fréquences
Authors: Villa Pierre
Published: September 2011

Cycles de la production industrielle : une analyse historique dans le domaine des fréquences

par Pierre Villa

Nous étudions les cycles par la méthode ARFIMA. Nous calculons des séries mensuelles de taux de chômage et de production industrielle, puis nous les filtrons par Holt et Winters puis par de Geweke et Porter-Husak pour retirer la tendance à mémoire longue correspondant à un processus d'intégration fractionnaire. Nous estimons les fluctuations mesurées par la différence entre la série corrigée des variations saisonnières et la tendance longue mesurée par la Fourier inverse du processus fractionnaire. Il n'y a pas de cycle régulier Selon la première interprétation, il y un effet de " cliquet ". Selon la deuxième, l'État a depuis la seconde guerre mondiale réduit les fluctuations de forte amplitude enregistrées auparavant par sa gestion de l'activité. Selon la troisième, les chocs aléatoires observés correspondent à une théorie des cycles réels.
Update on Research and Future Directions of the OMERACT MRI Inflammatory Arthritis Group
Authors: CONAGHAN PHILIP G. , McQUEEN FIONA M. , BIRD PAUL , PETERFY CHARLES G. , HAAVARDSHOLM ESPEN A. , GANDJBAKHCH FRÉDÉRIQUE , BØYESEN PERNILLE , COATES LAURA , EJBJERG BO , ESHED IRIS , FOLTZ VIOLAINE , HERMANN KAY-GEERT , FREESTON JANE , LILLEGRAVEN SIRI , LASSERE MARISSA , WIELL CHARLOTTE , ANANDARAJAH ALLEN , DUER-JENSEN ANNE , O’CONNOR PHILIP , GENANT HARRY K. , EMERY PAUL , ØSTERGAARD MIKKEL
Published: September 2011

The OMERACT Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Task Force has developed and evolved the psoriatic arthritis MRI score (PsAMRIS) over the last few years, and at OMERACT 10, presented longitudinal evaluation by multiple readers, using PsA datasets obtained from extremity MRI magnets. Further evaluation of this score will require more PsA imaging datasets. As well, due to improved image resolution since the development of the original rheumatoid arthritis MRI scoring system (RAMRIS), the Task Force has worked on semiquantitative assessment of joint space narrowing, and developed a reliable method as a potential RAMRIS addendum, although responsiveness will need to be evaluated. One of the strengths of MRI is the ability to detect subclinical synovitis, so the group worked on obtaining low disease activity/clinical remission datasets from a number of international centers and presented cross-sectional findings. Subsequent longitudinal evaluation of this unique resource will be a major continuing focus for the group.
Development and Preliminary Validation of a Magnetic Resonance Imaging Joint Space Narrowing Score for Use in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Potential Adjunct to the OMERACT RA MRI Scoring System
Authors: ØSTERGAARD MIKKEL , BØYESEN PERNILLE , ESHED IRIS , GANDJBAKHCH FRÉDÉRIQUE , LILLEGRAVEN SIRI , BIRD PAUL , FOLTZ VIOLAINE , BOONEN ANNELIES , LASSERE MARISSA , HERMANN KAY-GEERT , ANANDARAJAH ALLEN , DØHN UFFE MØLLER , FREESTON JANE , PETERFY CHARLES G. , GENANT HARRY K. , HAAVARDSHOLM ESPEN A. , McQUEEN FIONA M. , CONAGHAN PHILIP G.
Published: September 2011

Objective.

To develop and validate a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method of assessment of joint space narrowing (JSN) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods.

Phase A: JSN was scored 0–4 on MR images of 5 RA patients and 3 controls at 15 wrist sites and 2nd–5th metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints by 8 readers (7 once, one twice), using a preliminary scoring system. Phase B: Image review, discussion, and consensus on JSN definition, and revised scoring system. Phase C: MR images of 15 RA patients and 4 controls were scored using revised system by 5 readers (4 once, one twice), and results compared with radiographs [Sharp-van der Heijde (SvdH) method].

Results.

Phase A: Intraobserver agreement: intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.99; smallest detectable difference (SDD, for mean of readings) = 2.8 JSN units (4.9% of observed maximal score). Interobserver agreement: ICC = 0.93; SDD = 6.4 JSN units (9.9%). Phase B: Agreement was reached on JSN definition (reduced joint space width compared to normal, as assessed in a slice perpendicular to the joint surface), and revised scoring system (0–4 at 17 wrist sites and 2nd–5th MCP; 0: none; 1: 1–33%; 2: 34–66%; 3: 67–99%; 4: ankylosis). Phase C: Intraobserver agreement: ICC = 0.90; SDD = 6.8 JSN units (11.0%). Interobserver agreement: ICC = 0.92 and SDD = 6.2 JSN units (8.7%). The correlation (ICC) with the SvdH radiographic JSN score of the wrist/hand was 0.77. Simplified approaches evaluating fewer joint spaces demonstrated similar reliability and correlation with radiographic scores.

Conclusion.

An MRI scoring system of JSN in RA wrist and MCP joints was developed and showed construct validity and good intra- and interreader agreements. The system may, after further validation in longitudinal data sets, be useful as an outcome measure in RA.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 Responder Index-50 Enhances the Ability of SLE Responder Index to Identify Responders in Clinical Trials
Authors: TOUMA ZAHI , GLADMAN DAFNA D. , IBAÑEZ DOMINIQUE , TAGHAVI-ZADEH SHAHRZAD , UROWITZ MURRAY B.
Published: September 2011

Objective.

To evaluate the performance of the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Responder Index (SRI) when the SLE Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K) is substituted with SLEDAI-2K Responder Index-50 (SRI-50), a valid and reliable index of disease activity improvement. Also, to determine whether the SRI-50 will enhance the ability of SRI in detecting responders.

Methods.

Our study was conducted on patients who attended the Lupus Clinic from September 2009 to September 2010. SLEDAI-2K, SRI-50, the British Isles Lupus Assessment Group measure, and the Physician’s Global Assessment were determined initially and at followup. SRI was determined at the followup visit according to its original definition using the SLEDAI-2K score and by substituting SLEDAI-2K with SRI-50.

Results.

A total of 117 patients with SLEDAI-2K ≥ 4 at baseline were studied. Patients had 1 followup visit over a 3-month period. Twenty-nine percent of patients met the original definition of SRI and 35% of patients met the definition of SRI when SLEDAI-2K was substituted with SRI-50. The use of SRI-50 allowed determination of significant improvement in 7 additional patients. This improvement could not be discerned with the use of SLEDAI-2K as a component of SRI. At followup visits that showed improvement, SRI-50 scores decreased to a greater extent than SLEDAI-2K scores (p < 0.0001).

Conclusion.

SRI-50 enhances the ability of SRI to identify patients with clinically important improvement in disease activity. SRI-50 was superior to SLEDAI-2K in detecting partial clinical improvement, ≥ 50%, between visits. These properties of the SRI-50 enable it to be used as an independent outcome measure of improvement or as a component of SRI in clinical trials.
Une vérité au cœur du délire : Créativité et deuil
Authors: Laufer Laurie
Published: September 2011

Freud a laissé entendre une « contre-indication » concernant l’expérience analytique auprès des personnes très âgées, considérant que la plasticité et la créativité psychiques étaient moindres et que le patient ne pouvait se livrer à un jeu régressif nécessaire à l’élaboration et aux réaménagements psychiques. À partir du récit d’une expérience clinique avec une femme âgée et hospitalisée qui n’avait pu faire l’épreuve du deuil de son fils, il s’agit de déplier que, malgré les dispositifs lourds ou avec eux, l’aventure de l’inconscient reste possible, si la plasticité et la créativité du praticien et de la patiente ne sont pas soumises à trop rude épreuve.