bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis of Intervertebral Disc: A Comparative Study
Authors: Doğru Suzan Cansel
Published: March 2018

The aims of the study were i) to develop a finite element model of a functional spinal unit
(FSU) without ligaments at cervical region, ii)
to simulate different material properties of intervertebral disc for analysing
degeneration and iii) to investigate
the influence of disc degeneration on the biomechanical behaviour of a motion. To
do so, two-dimensional computed tomography images of spine recorded from
volunteer was converted into three-dimensional vertebrae model with different material
properties section by section. Material properties of intervertebral disc are
described nonlinear in finite element analysis. Moment was applied on superior endplate
of vertebrae as 7.5 Nm. The boundary condition was described on the endplate of adjacent inferior vertebrae as fixed in
space. Stress distribution over the nucleus and motions of the
functional spinal unit were calculated using finite element analysis. The results
were compared with physiological motions of functional spinal unit from literature.
At the result, more realistic result of disc model was obtained by fluid filled
cavity model with regard to maximum stress value on disc and intradiscal
pressure. The fluid in the shell simulate incompressible feature like reality.
Yüzey modifiye edilmiş farklı jenerasyon Jeffamine® D230 ve TREN-çekirdekli PAMAM dendrimerlerin kandesartan sileksetilin sulu çözünürlüğü üzerine etkisinin değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Ertürk Ali Serol , Gürbüz Mustafa Ulvi , TÜLÜ Metin
Published: March 2018

Dendrimerler üç boyutlu, çok dallı,
monodispers, yıldız şeklinde makromoleküllerdir. Dendrimerlerin fiziksel ve
kimyasal özellikleri çekirdek, tekrar eden dallar ve yüzey fonksiyonel grupları
gibi moleküler yapı elemanları tarafından belirlenmektedir. Bu yapı
elemanlarının türü, dendrimerlerin moleküler kapsülleme ve çözünürlük gibi özelliklerinde
belirleyici olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, yeni nesil Jeffamin®
D230 (D) ve TREN (T) çekirdekli poli(amido amin) PAMAM
dendrimerlerin, jenerasyon büyüklüğü (D2-D4 ve T2-T4), konsantrasyonu (0-1.0
mM) ve yüzey fonksiyonel gruplarının (NH2, COOH, TRIS), kandesartan
sileksetil (CC)’in sudaki çözünürlüğüne olan etkisi
araştırıldı. CC’nin (sudaki çözünürlük = 0.0048 mg/mL) gözlemlenen sudaki çözünürlük
artışı, D4.COOH (5.25 mg/mL)> T4.COOH (4.77 mg/mL)> D4.TRIS (0.44
mg/mL)> T4.TRIS (0.32 mg/mL)> D4.NH2 (0.11 mg/mL)> T4.NH2
(0.08 mg/mL) sırasındadır.
Ara yüzey seviyelerinin ve seri direncin Sc2O3 MOS kapasitörünün elektriksel karakteristiği üzerine etkisi
Authors: KAHRAMAN Ayşegül , YILMAZ Ercan
Published: March 2018

Bu çalışmanın amacı, ara yüzey seviyelerinin ve seri direcin
(Rs) Sc2O3 (Skandiyum oksit) MOS (Metal Oksit
Yarıiletken) kapasitörünün elektriksel karakteristiği üzerine etkisini frekansa
bağlı olarak incelemektir. Sc2O3 MOS kapasitörü RF
magnetron saçtırma sistemi ile p tipi Si (100) üzerine üretilmiştir. Kapasitörün
kapasitans-voltaj (C-V) ve iletkenlik-voltaj (G/ω-V) değişimleri, 50 kHz ile 1
MHz arasında değişen altı farklı frekansta ölçülmüştür. Elde edilen sonuçlar,
C-V eğrisinin yığılım bölgesinde kapasitans değerlerinin Rs etkisi
nedeniyle beklenenden daha düşük olduğunu göstermiştir. G/ω-V
karakteristiklerinde ise bu etki nedeniyle pikler belirgin bir şekilde
oluşmamıştır. Bu nedenle, ölçüm sonuçlarına Rs düzeltmesi
yapıldıktan sonra, Sc2O3/Si ara yüzeyinde oluşan tuzak
yüklerinin elektriksel karakteristik üzerine etkisi incelenmiştir. Frekansın
azalmasıyla birlikte ara yüzey tuzak yükleri, AC voltaj sinyalini takip ederek
ölçülen kapasitansa katkı sağlamışlardır. Düzeltilmiş C-V ve G/ω-V
ölçümlerinden yararlanılarak p tipi Si için taşıyıcı konsantrasyonu (Na),
bariyer yüksekliği (ΦB) ve Fermi seviyesi - değerlik bandı
arasındaki enerji farkı (EF) değerleri hesaplanmıştır.

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of
interface states and series resistance (Rs) on the electrical
characteristic of Sc2O3 (Scandium oxide) MOS (Metal Oixde
Semiconductor) capacitor depending on frequency. Sc2O3 MOS
capacitor was produced on p type Si (100) with RF magnetron sputtering. Capacitance-voltage
(C-V) and Conductance-voltage (G/ω-V) variations of the capacitor were measured
in six different frequencies ranging from 50 kHz to 1 MHz. The obtained results
showed that the capacitance values in the accumulation region of the C-V curve were
lower than expected due to the Rs effect. The peaks were not clearly
formed due to this effect in the G/ω-V
characteristics. For this reason, the effect of trap charges on the electrical
characteristics of the Sc2O3/Si interface was
investigated after Rs correction applied to the experimental
results. The interface trap-charges contributed to the measured capacitance
with decreasing frequency by following the AC voltage signal. The carrier
concentration for p type Si (Na), barrier height (ΦB),
and energy difference between the bulk Fermi level and valance band edge (EF)
values were calculated by using corrected C-V and G/ω-V measurements.
Caracterización de factores de riesgo psicosociales que inciden en Trastorno depresivo mayor en adolescentes
Authors: Larios Jimmy , Laborde Carmen , S Mary , Gaviria Gladis , Lastre Gloria
Published: March 2018

Introducción: La depresión es el trastorno mental que más afecta a la población y es, además, una de las principales causas de discapacidad en el mundo específicamente en los adolescentes, etapa en la vida que se ha considerado de riesgo para padecer depresión.Métodos: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, con una población de 120 estudiantes adolescentes de 12 a 19 años.De ella, se escogió una muestra representativa de 84 estudiantes, excluyéndose los que no cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión, para un total de 77 estudiantes. A estos se les realizó una encuesta semiestructurada diseñada para tal fin y se les aplico el test de S.Q.R para depresión, el test de Rosemberg para autoestima, el test de Cage para abuso de alcohol y el apgar familiar para la funcionalidad familiar.Discusión: Se encontró un 19,5% con diagnostico presuntivo de trastorno depresivo, de los cuales un 60% tiene baja autoestima, 80% pertenece a una familia disfuncional y el 20% consume alcohol.Conclusión: Como factores psicosociales predisponentes se encontró la baja autoestima y el pertenecer a una familia disfuncional, pero es necesario realizar nuevos estudios para determinar el nivel de asociación de estos factores con el diagnostico presuntivo de depresión en adolescentes escolares.
Plant-herbivore interactions and secondary metabolites of plants: Ecological and evolutionary perspectives
Authors: Kariñho-Betancourt Eunice
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackground: Throughout disciplines including paleontology and molecular biology, hence using the fossil record or DNA sequences, ancestral and current plant-herbivore associations mediated by secondary compounds have been assessed. The coevolutionary model of “escape and radiation” predicts adaptive patterns at micro- and macro-evolutionary scale, resulted from the plant-herbivore interaction.Questions:  The study of plant-herbivore interaction and secondary metabolites, has been bias for two main reasons: (1) the interdisciplinary study of the interaction has “atomized" the field. (2) The conceptual framework of coevolution favored analysis either within populations or across taxa.Methods: I review the evolutionary history of the interaction and secondary metabolites, from paleontological and palebiochemical data. Then, based on empirical evidence of quantitative genetics and comparative methods, I examine the main assumptions of micro- and macro-evolutionary postulates of the coevolutionary model. Further, I overview the analytical approach for the study of plant defense within-species and across phylogeny. Results:  Within species, (1) the coevolutionary dynamics shaping plants and herbivore phenotypes, and (2) the role of plant chemistry to constraint ecological interactions, are the most stressed patterns. Across phylogeny, (1) the role of plant chemistry to constraint insect host shifts, and (2) the implications of, and mechanism behind the evolutionary novelties, are more recently assessed.Conclusion: I suggest that future research should integrate both conceptual and analytical perspectives of micro- and macro-evolutionary approaches. One promising direction relies in modern molecular techniques that may open new research avenues by providing evidence for the function of complex genetic and genomic machineries behind biotic interactions.
Sample Preservation Prior to Cyanobacteria/Microalgae Cultivation v1
Authors: Vaulot D. , Edern R. , Romero C.
Published: March 2018

It is not always possible to isolate microalgae immediately after sample collection, for example on long cruises where no proper conditions are available (lack of culture chamber, sterile hoods) or on trips to remote locations. Therefore it is desirable to be able to preserve samples in such a way that microalgae can be isolated once the samples are brought back to the laboratory. One possible strategy is to use cryopreservation that is currently used to preserve live cultures of microalgae.
The Trend Analysis of Lakes Region Precipitation Data in Turkey
Authors: Taylan Dilek , Aydın Tuba
Published: March 2018

In recent years, population growth, urbanization, tainted water use

policies, water pollution due to industrialization and climate change has led

to the re-evaluation of water resources. Because the protection plans developed

in the past have lost their validity, the new prevention plans made today have

caused to the critical analysis. In this research, the monthly precipitation

data was analyzed for Lakes Region located in the Middle Mediterranean Regionin

Turkey. For this purpose, the data were subjected to homogeneity test, and the

Mann Kendall test, the Sen’s test and the lineer regression for trend analysis

were applied to data. The analyses for historical monthly precipitation records

were made to nine meteorological stations which identified in the study area:the Ağlasun, Barla,

Aksu, Bucak, Yalvaç, Sütçüler, Kızılkaya, Kasımlar, and Gelendost stations. Also, 3, 6,

9, 12 monthly Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) values of these stations

were examined by using the Mann Kendall test, Sen’s test and lineer regression

to support historical trend analysis. According to the results of the tests, a

decreasing trend has been observed in most of the nine stations.
Assessment of grief in mothers with pregnancy loss and role of post bereavement counselling: a prospective study
Authors: Bamniya Jaishree Surendrakumar , Bhatia Gopal Omprakash , Doshi Haresh Umedchand , Ladola Harshad Manilal
Published: March 2018

Background: Pregnancy is usually a joyful experience for a woman. It is one of the milestones that, even though sometimes stressful, is rewarding for the reason that the woman takes on a new level of responsibility. Objective of present study was to assess the psychological problems associated with Pregnancy loss and effectiveness of post bereavement counselling in subjects with perinatal grief.Methods: This was a prospective study. This study was conducted at Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of GCS Medical College and Hospital from January 2013 to June 2016 in collaboration with Psychiatrist of evaluation of subjects. A total of 404 patients were taken in the study. All patients with pregnancy loss including abortions, ectopic pregnancy, Intrauterine death, Stillbirth and neonatal deaths who consented to be a part of study were included in the study. After taking informed consent, study participants were assessed for perinatal grief by Perinatal Grief scale -33(PGS-33).Results: Results indicate that the process of active grief begins to occur soon after loss and resolves itself over time if no complicating factors are present. Time was found to interact with other factors in the grieving process. The number of perinatal losses, time, and the presence of living children were related to the difficulty with coping subscale of the PGS-S.Conclusions: Though time is the best healer, intervention in the form of counselling can be beneficial for patients with difficult coping and despair. Our experience with PGS-33 was that it is not very user friendly especially for patients with low education status. So, changes should be made to further simply such scales so it can be used widely and assessment should be simplified.
Assessment of ovarian function by clinical, hormonal and sonological parameters in post hysterectomy premenopausal women
Authors: Maiti G. D. , Wayzade Darshana , Tangri M. K. , Gupta Shilpa , Chatterjee Vibhu
Published: March 2018

Background: Hysterectomy with or without ovarian preservation is one of the common gynaecological major surgery performed worldwide. Ovarian function in future life therefore remains a contentious subject when ovaries are preserved. Assessment of ovarian function was done by clinical, hormonal and sonological parameters in post hysterectomy premenopausal women to assess, onset of menopausal symptoms, serum hormonal levels, and anatomical status.Methods: The study was a prospective observational study of 110 premenopausal patients of 30 to 50 years of age undergoing hysterectomy for benign uterine conditions carried out from September 2014 to August 2016. Patients were followed up after operation at 3 months, 6 months and 1 year. Serum LH, serum FSH, serum Estrogen, bilateral ovarian volume and bilateral ovarian Doppler study were done at baseline and each visit. Patients were interviewed at each visit for menopausal symptoms. Menopausal Rating scale (MRS) questionnaire was used as a basis for assessing menopausal symptoms.Results: Significant difference noted in all the parameters like serum FSH, right and left ovarian volume and right and left ovarian pulsatility index at period of one year compared to preoperative values. No significant difference seen for serum LH and serum estrogen at period of one year. At 1 year 34 patients (34%) developed menopausal symptoms.Conclusions: For all premenopausal patients who undergo hysterectomy for benign conditions of uterus with their ovaries preserved, proper follow up should be done after the surgery for assessing ovarian function at intervals.
Revisão Sistemática da Literatura Sobre Características de Intervenções em Carreira
Authors: Oliveira Clarissa Tochetto de , Teixeira Marco Antônio Pereira , Dias Ana Cristina Garcia
Published: March 2018

Existem diversas modalidades de intervenção em carreira, com diferentes abordagens teóricas, objetivos e procedimentos. Nesse sentido, é importante que tanto orientadores quanto usuários possam conhecer quais as alternativas descritas na literatura, a fim de fundamentar a prática profissional e a escolha por abordagens adequadas às demandas dos clientes. O objetivo deste estudo é caracterizar as intervenções em carreira testadas empiricamente e publicadas no período 2010-2014. Para tanto, foi realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura com as palavras-chave carreira/career e intervenção/intervention nas bases de dados Lilacs, Redalyc, Pepsic, Scielo, PsycInfo e periódicos CAPES no período informado. Um total de 17 artigos foram analisados. As informações foram organizadas em quatro categorias: modelos teóricos, público-alvo, estrutura e procedimentos e avaliação da intervenção. Os resultados mostraram um predomínio dos referenciais teóricos dos modelos sociocognitivo de carreira e do modelo de Holland, foco nas populações de adolescentes e adultos, e duração da intervenção variando de uma a várias sessões. Os resultados dessas intervenções foram avaliados de forma predominantemente quantitativa, com medidas pré e pós-intervenção. Conclui-se que as intervenções em carreira incluem conteúdos e processos diversos e diferentes públicos-alvo.Palavras-chave: carreira, intervenção, desenvolvimento profissional, revisão de literatura
Sobre la noción de contrato en las Instituciones de Gayo
Authors: Wegmann Stockebrand Adolfo
Published: March 2018

El presente artículo aborda la noción de contrato contenida en las Instituciones de Gayo en el sentido de acto lícito generador de obligaciones, contrapuesto únicamente al delito, y su aplicación en fragmentos de la jurisprudencia tardo-clásica. De esa manera, pretendemos demostrar que la dicotomía contractus-delictum, lejos de constituir una peculiaridad del manual gayano, representa una doctrina contractual entre otras que desarrolló la jurisprudencia romana, que nada tiene que ver con la idea de contrato del derecho moderno, fundada en el acuerdo de voluntades de las partes.
La influencia del principio del consumo sustentable en el combate de la obsolescencia programada, la garantía de los “productos durables” y el derecho a la información de los consumidores en Argentina
Authors: Bianchi Lorena Vanina
Published: March 2018

El presente artículo tiene por objeto explicar la problemática de la obsolescencia programada, describiendo sus impactos en el consumo y el ambiente. Para luego, desde una perspectiva jurídica, analizar cómo, en Argentina, el nuevo principio del consumo sustentable, recientemente reconocido como principio del derecho del consumidor, permite reconsiderar el funcionamiento de dos herramientas clásicas de protección de los consumidores, que pueden ser útiles para combatir o mitigar los efectos negativos de la obsolescencia programada: el derecho a la información y las garantías legales de los productos.
La historia desde la perspectiva de los alumnos del Bachillerato Diversificado
Authors: Benítez Cristina , Gonda Daniel , Pereira Claudia
Published: March 2018

En las últimas décadas del siglo XX estamos asistiendo a una serie de acontecimientos de todo orden como, por ejemplo, los referidos al vertiginoso avance científico y tecnológico. Por otra parte, tenemos los que apuntan a la problemática humana, cada vez más compleja e inquietante que se vive a nivel mundial. ¿Porqué tanto avance científico y tecnológico no logra resolver la problemática humana y mejorar las condiciones de vida de la población? ¿Qué características deberá tener esa educación, para que sea de calidad y responda a los desafíos que se le plantean en el aquí y ahora, y no quede relegada en la dinámica del mundo actual?
FEVER AS INDICATOR TO SECONDARY INFECTION IN DENGUE VIRAL INFECTION
Authors: Soegijanto Soegeng , Nuryandari Sufiandika , Churrotin Siti , Sucipto Teguh Hari
Published: March 2018

Dengue Virus Infections are distributed in tropical and sub-tropical regions and transmitted by the mosquitoes such as Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Dengue virus can cause dengue fever, dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome or dengue and severe dengue classified by World Health Organization. Beside it concurrent infection virus salmonella had been found some cases who showed fever more than 7 days. Concurrent infection with two agents can result in an illness having overlapping symptoms creating a diagnostic dilemma for treating physician, such as dengue fever with typhoid fever. The aim of this research is detection of dengue virus and secondary infection with Salmonella typhi in patients suspected dengue virus infection. Detection of dengue virus and Salmonella typhi using immunochromatography test such as NS1, IgG/IgM for dengue virus infection, and IgM/IgG Salmonella and blood culture. The fifty children with dengue virus infection came to Soerya hospital and 17 cases suspected dengue virus infection, five cases showed a positive NS1 on the second day of fever and one case concurrent with clinical manifestation of convulsi on the third days of fever there were five cases only showed positive. It was showed in this study that on the fourth to six day of fever in dengue virus infection accompanied by antibody IgM & IgG dengue. There were 12 cases showed the clinical manifestation of concurrent dengue viral infection and Salmonella, all of them showed a mild clinical manifestation and did not show plasma leakage and shock. In this study we found the length of stay of concurrent Dengue Virus Infection and Salmonella infection is more than 10 days. These patients were also more likely to have co-existing haemodynamic disturbances and bacterial septicaemia which would have required treatment with inotropes and antibiotics. This idea is very important to make update dengue viral management to decrease mortality in outbreak try to gain new prevention method before the occurrence of outbreak.
CRYPTOCOCCAL ANTIGENEMIA IN HIV/AIDS PATIENTS USING LATERAL FLOW IMMUNOASSAY DETECTION AT Dr. SOETOMO GENERAL HOSPITAL SURABAYA
Authors: Widjaja Sajuni , Triyono Erwin Astha , Kawilarang Arthur Pohan , Rohiman Abu
Published: March 2018

Cryptococcus  infection in HIV / AIDS patients results in cryptococcal meningitis, a major cause of subacute meningitis  with 100% mortality if not receiving appropriate antifungal therapy. An examination of cryptococcal antigen will provide risk information for patients who will experience cryptococcal meningitis. Better diagnosis in asymptomatic and symptomatic phases of cryptococcosis are key components to reduce morbidity and mortality. This study aims to determine the proportion of cryptococcal antigenemia in HIV / AIDS patients treated at Intermediate Treatment-Infectious Diseases Unit of Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya. Cryptococcal antigenemia was examined in HIV / AIDS patients with suspected Cryptococcus infection and CD4+ T cell lymphocyte count <200 cell /μl. The examination used a lateral flow assay diagnostic tool, a simple FDA(Food and Drug Administration)-approved immunochromatographic test system for detection of capsular polysccharide antigens of Cryptococcus species complex (Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii) in blood. This test meets all of the World Health Organization ASSURED criteria (affordable, sensitive, specific, user friendly, rapid/robust, equipment-free, and delivered). Sensitivity and specifiticy of this method from serum are both 100%. There were 3 positive cryptococcal antigenemia from 41 serum HIV / AIDS patients with suspected cryptococcus infection at Intermediate Treatment- Infectious Diseases Unit of Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya. All of these patients were male aged over 36 years, had CD4+ T cell lymphocytes <100 cell /μl and had never received antiretroviral therapy before. The proportion of cryptococcal antigenemia in HIV / AIDS patients with suspected Cryptococcus infection at Intermediate Treatment-Infectious Diseases Unit of Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya was 7.32%.
A fenntartható fogyasztás iránt elkötelezett fogyasztói csoport, a LOHAS szegmens jellemzői
Authors: Szakály Zoltán , Pető Károly , Popp József , Jasák Helga
Published: March 2018

Összefoglalásként megállapítható, hogy a LOHAS fogyasztók sajátos értékítélete számos területen új helyzetet eredményez, ami az ágazati szereplőket és a marketingszakembereket egyaránt kihívás elé állítja. A szegmens valódi jelentősége azonban nem ebben rejlik, ugyanis nem hunyhatunk szemet a bevezetésben nevesített környezeti és társadalmi problémák felett. Így a LOHAS fogyasztói csoport gazdasági jelentősége mellett nem szabad megfeledkezni arról sem, hogy belső értékeik és szemléletmódjuk egy egészségesebb társadalmat és egy tisztább, élhetőbb környezet helyeznek kilátásba. Ezek alapján úgy gondoljuk, hogy méltán kelthet érdeklődést az, hogy mekkora az arányuk a magyar társadalomban, illetve mi jellemzi vásárlási döntéseiket.
The Examination of Markets of Organic Foods
Authors: Szabó Bernadett , Gergely Éva , Tóth Fruzsina
Published: March 2018

Nowadays the consumption of organic foods has an outstanding importance from the aspects of health and environmental consciousness. In this study the habits of organic food consumption in Debrecen are examined by the help of a questionnaire-based survey and a personal interview. On the basis of our results the supply of organic foods in the local markets satisfies the requirement of the consumers, and this tendency is expected to be maintained for the future. The most popular products are vegetables, fruits, dairy products, meat and honey. Generally the consumers are very satisfied with these products. Most of the buyers choose organic foods not only because these products are healthy, but for the fact that they are aware of the environmental- friendly technology by which the production happens. Consumers visiting the markets buy organic foods mainly at a weekly occasion, thus their consumption is conscious, and the healthy way of life is relevant for them. Many people do not know that there are such markets in Debrecen, in this way the promotion of these places is outstandingly important.
Neuromarketing – A fogyasztói magatartás vizsgálatának új lehetőségei
Authors: Polereczki Zsolt
Published: March 2018

A neuromarketing napjainkban egyre több lehetőséget biztosít a fogyasztói döntéshozatal megismerésére, valamint a döntések mögött húzódó motívumok/érzelmek feltárására. Az agykutatás eszközei korábban nem ismert összefüggésekre világítanak rá, amelyeket a marketing szakemberek jól hasznosíthatnak a stratégiai tervezés, termékfejlesztés, kommunikációs stratégia kialakítása és az árazás során. Emellett ugyanakkor figyelembe kell venni azt, hogy a jelenleg használatban lévő kutatási módszerek és eszközök nem tekintenek vissza jelentős múltra, ezért az eredmények gyakorlati felhasználhatósága még korlátozott. Emellett a tudományterület vizsgálati módszertanának folyamatos fejlesztése szükséges a megbízható, gyakorlatban is alkalmazható eredmények érdekében. Dilemmaként merül fel a kutatási eszközök alkalmazhatóságának határa. Jelenleg a szemkamerával, az EEG-vel, a különböző fizikai reakciókat mérő eszközökkel, illetve ezek kombinációival elvégzett kutatások alkalmazása megalapozottnaktekinthető. Ennek nyomán az ilyen jellegű vizsgálatokat már egyes piackutató cégek szolgáltatásként ki is dolgozták.A klasszikus agykutatási eszközök eredményei, valamint a fogyasztói reakciók közötti párhuzamok egyértelmű meghatározása ugyanakkor számos alapkutatási feladat megoldását igényli. Ilyenek lehetnek például a színek, formák, térszerkezet, ízek, illatok és szagok, hangok, zörejek és zenék, tapintás és állag hatásvizsgálata a fogyasztó értékítéletére.
A vállalatok társadalmi felelősségvállalásának fogyasztói megítélése
Authors: Kovács Ildikó , Lehota József , Komáromi Nándor
Published: March 2018

Kutatómunkánk során átfogó piackutatást végeztünk a vállalatok fenntartható fejlődés érdekében tett lépéseinek fogyasztói megítéléséről. Célunk a hazai lakosság fenntartható fogyasztás előmozdítását segítő vállalati kezdeményezésekkel összefüggő ismereteinek, attitűdjeinek és preferenciáinak részletes feltárása volt. Eredményeink szerint a fogyasztói igények között, a fenntarthatósághoz való hozzájárulás iránti elkötelezettség és a termelők fenntartható működésének figyelembe vétele, valamint az etikus terméktulajdonságok iránti igények erősödése is megjelenik. A kutatásunkban bemutatott fogyasztói csoportokban a fenntartható fogyasztással kapcsolatos pozitív fogyasztói attitűdök és a felelős vállalati magatartás fogyasztói döntésekben való megjelenése igazolhatók. Az eredményekből levonható következtetések irányt mutathatnak az élelmiszeriparban tevékenykedő vállalatok számára a fenntarthatóság iránt elkötelezett fogyasztói csoportok jellemzőinek megismeréséhez, amelyben megjelenik a vállalatok fenntarthatóság érdekében tett erőfeszítéseinek megítélése, valamint az ehhez kapcsolódó információk követése.
A viselkedésváltozás szintjei a testtömeg-menedzselés folyamatában – Élelmiszerfogyasztás és fizikai aktivitás
Authors: Soós Mihály , Kovács Bence , Szakály Zoltán
Published: March 2018

A kutatás során a Viselkedésváltozás Transzteoretikus Modelljét alkalmaztuk. Ennek során lakossági kérdőíves megkérdezést hajtottunk végre az egészségesebbnek vélt élelmiszerfogyasztásra és a rendszeresebbnek vélt fizikai aktivitásra történő áttérés szakaszaira vonatkozóan.Az eredmények alapján megállapítható, hogy hazánkban az élelmiszerfogyasztási szokások megváltoztatása nehezebb, mint fizikai aktivitásra ösztönözni az egyéneket. Ezt bizonyítja az is, hogy az egészségesebbnek vélt élelmiszerfogyasztásra történő áttérés esetében a bezárkózók a megkérdezettek 21,6%-át teszik ki, addig a rendszeresebbnek vélt fizikai aktivitás esetében ez az arány csupán 8,0%. A változtatásoktól mindkét vizsgált esetben a férfiak zárkóznak el nagyobb arányban, viszont a fenntartás szakaszában szintén a férfiak vannak többségben. A szemlélődés, a felkészülés, valamint a cselekvés szakaszokban jellemzően a nők dominálnak, viszont ezek a szakaszok inkább az információszerzésről, a tevékenység megkezdésének előkészületeiről, illetve rövid távú, esetenként kampányszerű alkalmazásokról szólnak. Ezt az eredményt erősítik a magatartásváltozási mutatók értékei is. A fenntartás szakaszában a már minimum fél éve új szokásokra áttért fogyasztók szerepelnek és köztük a nők nagyon alacsony arányban képviseltetik magukat a férfiakkal szemben.
JEL-kód: Q13
Food Super Store Shopping Environment and Consumer Impulsive Buying Behavior
Authors: Muqaddas Muhammad Fahid , Azfer Syed Ali
Published: March 2018

This study examines the impact of food super store shopping on impulsive buying behavior. The results highlight that discounted price, advertisement &promotion, visual merchandising and emotional attachment, have impact on consumer impulsive buying behavior but special occasions and companion’s influence donot impact consumer impulsive buying behavior. The study is based on a sample of food super store buyers from Rawalpindi and Islamabad. The exploration is useful for marketers to understand impulsive consumers and their choices. Food super stores are one of the growing businesses in Pakistan; therefore, this study will guide the marketers to understand this market segment effectively. The study also discovers the association between food super store shopping environment and types of consumer impulsive buying behavior which are cognitive impulsive buying and affective impulsive buying.
JEL codes: M31, M37, M39
Feltáró kutatás a hagyományos és tájjellegű élelmiszerek jelentőségének megállapítására az Észak-Alföldi Régióban
Authors: Halasi Nóra , Nábrádi András
Published: March 2018

Összhangban MAGDA és MARSELEK (2010) kijelentésével, megállapításunk szerint a vidéki társadalom és a vidéki területek felértékelődéséről beszélhetünk, ugyanakkor maga a vidék súlyos válsághelyzetben van. Az eltérő dinamikájú területi fejlődés, növekvő különbségeket teremt az egyes vidéki területek között, mely révén sérül az esélyegyenlőség. A végső cél azonban mindenképpen a vidéken élők életminőségének javítása, valamennyi érintett gazdasági szereplő bevonásával, amelyhez nélkülözhetetlen a hagyományos és tájjellegű élelmiszerek jelenléte a piacon.A régióban megkérdezett lakosok pozitív véleménnyel nyilatkoztak a hagyományos és tájjellegű élelmiszerekkel összefüggésben, felmérésem szerint többnyire rendszeresen vásárolják és fogyasztják ezeket a termékeket. A termékek piaci jelenléte esetében ugyanakkor a racionalitás szempontjából érdemes lenne hangsúlyozni a gazdaságosságot, esetlegesen a versenytársakhoz képest kedvezőbb árat, illetve a kiváló minőséget, mely tényezők fokozzák a vásárlók megelégedettségét, illetve a vásárlás hasznosságának érzését. Ez a megállapítás azzal is alátámasztható, hogy nincs szignifikáns összefüggés a családok jövedelmi helyzete és a hagyományos élelmiszerek vásárlása között. Emocionális szempontból is indokolható, hogy a származási hely ismeretét, a megbízható eredetet, a termék nyomon követhetőségét, továbbá a vásárló tájékoztatását lehetne a középpontba helyezni.A hagyományos és tájjellegű élelmiszerek fogyasztása illeszkedik napjaink fogyasztói trendjeihez. A fogyasztók szívesen vásárolnak magyar terméket, elfogadják a hagyományos alapanyagokkal összefüggésben tartott rendezvényeket, bár ez utóbbi statisztikailag még nem igazolható. Emiatt is javasolható, hogy a jövőben a kínálati oldalnak törekednie kell a fogyasztók bizalmának elnyerésére, illetve megerősítésére, melynek kiváló eszköze a direkt és közvetlen értékesítési lehetőségek – termelői piac, vásárcsarnok – alkalmazása. Emellett a megkérdezettek közel fele válaszolta, hogy szupermarketben végzi vásárlásait, tehát a jó minőségű és egyedi hagyományos élelmiszereknek elérhetőnek kell lenniük a nagyobb bevásárlóközpontok polcain is.
JEL-kód: M31
SmartWater Synergy with Surfactant Polymer Flooding for Efficient Oil Mobilization in Carbonates
Authors: Wang Jinxun , Ayirala Subhash C. , AlSofi Abdulkareem M. , Al-Yousef Ali A. , Aramco Saudi
Published: March 2018

SmartWater, through tailoring of injection water salinity and ionic composition, is gaining positive attention in the petroleum industry to synergize with several enhanced oil mobilization agents, such as chemicals and nanoparticles. The SmartWater assisted oil mobilization methods are currently considered as potential optimization routes to improve the efficiency and economics of different processes. In this study, we investigated the synergy of SmartWater in surfactant-polymer flooding for efficient oil mobilization in carbonates. The interfacial tension (IFT) data showed that SmartWater retained almost similar performance when compared to using a conventional high salinity water (HSW) with surfactant. The streaming potential tests demonstrated surface charge alterations to more negative due to SmartWater when compared to using high salinity water in carbonate reservoir cores. SmartWater also displayed favorable reductions in contact angle on carbonate surfaces towards a desired wettability condition in comparison to HSW. Oil displacement experiments conducted with a small surfactantpolymer (SP) slug followed by chase polymer and SmartWater/HSW flooding revealed the enhanced performance with SmartWater in SP flooding. Only half the dosage of polymer was used in SmartWater compared to that used in HSW, while around 70% of polymer solution viscosity was reached. The results showed that SP flooding with SmartWater can increase the oil mobilization by more than 5% in comparison to that obtained from SP flooding with HSW, and most of this oil mobilization gain was observed within one pore volume of injection. The different experimental findings from this work clearly established the potential synergy between SmartWater and surfactant-polymer flooding as a promising hybrid method for carbonates. The combined use of SmartWater with surfactant and polymer has yielded additional oil mobilization when compared to using HSW in surfactant polymer flooding, besides resulting in reduced polymer consumption and accelerated oil production. This favorable synergy will improve the efficiency, practicality and economics of chemical flooding projects in the field.
Chemical EOR Economic Evaluation in a Low Oil Price Environment: Sabriyah Lower Burgan Reservoir Case Study
Authors: Al-Murayri M. T. , Al-Mayyan H. E. , Moudi Kamal , Al-Ajmi F. , Pitts D. , Wyatt M. J. , French K. , Surtek J , Dean E.
Published: March 2018

Chemical EOR (CEOR) can be economic in a low-price environment, but it requires economic insights be integrated into the initial reservoir screening, laboratory and numerical simulation evaluations, and continued review through field implementation. The CEOR economic evaluation for the Sabriyah Lower Burgan (SALB) using this integrated process found that surfactant-polymer and alkaline-surfactant-polymer flood had different economic potentials due to different oil recoveries, facility costs, and operating costs. Initial reservoir screening of the SLAB indicated that LoSal and CO2, flooding might also have economic potential. Laboratory corefloods injecting field proportioned volumes of chemical solutions using dead oil and reservoir rock resulted in chemical cost average $3.12 per incremental barrel of oil for alkaline-surfactant-polymer formulations and $18.61 for surfactant-polymer formulations. Live oil corefloods for corresponding chemical formulations cost per incremental barrel estimates were $3.70 and $7.83. LoSal process provided no incremental oil based on laboratory coreflood results. Numerical simulation forecast economics included chemical costs, estimated operating costs, facilities cost, drilling of wells, and other capital costs. 2.2, 5.4, and 60 MMbbl pilots forecast by numerical simulation indicated that alkaline-surfactant-polymer cost per incremental barrel of oil was $28.63, $10.42, and $10.95 for the respective pilot sizes. Smaller pilots show a greater impact of fixed costs such a facilities and new wells. 5.4 and 60 MMbbl pilots paid out at 3.4 years or less. Corresponding discounted rates of return were up to 14%. Sensitivity analysis indicated that crude oil price has the greatest effect on chemical enhanced oil recovery economics, regardless of pilot size. This paper summarizes how economic applications at each phase of a chemical flood evaluation are performed and how those evaluations can be understood and applied to prevent adverse project selection. Economic parameters should be evaluated at various phases of project evaluation, influencing decisions to move forward. Methods of evaluation at each phase are documented and discussed using the Sabriyah, Lower Burgan study as a basis.
1.1 Acre Thermal EOR Pilot & Field Testing Best Practices, Sultanate of Oman
Authors: Al Shibli Abdullah , Al Bahri Sultan , Al Yazidi Rashid , D' Amours Kevin , Belghache Abdesslam , Al Yahyai Ahmed , Putra Pristi H , Duggan Tim , Saileh Abdulsalam , Al Busaidi Faisal , Al Abri Rahma , Lombardi Jorge
Published: March 2018

The A West heavy oil reservoir in the South of Sultanate of Oman is a very attractive target for thermal EOR considering its low primary oil recovery of 20%. The field development plan proposed Vertical Steam Drive as a development concept for Phase 1 that included drilling and operating a total of 80 3.3 Acre inverted 7 spots patterns. Vertical and areal steam conformance has been highlighted as one of the main challenges in one of the most complex and thick heavy oil reservoirs in the world. As a result, the plan has proposed executing and operating a smaller spacing 1.1 acre pattern in parallel with full field development of the 3.3 acre patterns. The main objective of the trial is to run a full lifecycle in situ steam flood in 2-3 years compared to 15 – 20 years at field scale spacing. This will accelerate learning on steam breakthrough management in combination with understanding how to improve vertical and areal sweep conformance.

A fully integrated surveillance plan using advanced technologies including down hole DTS temperature fiber cable, covering the whole wellbore have been installed in all producers. In addition to that real-time wellhead temperature monitoring is a key surveillance element to sense the impact of steam break-through in the producers. Multi-tracers injection will also be executed to monitor the areal sweep efficiency and estimate the preferential movement of the steam within the subsurface by measuring the concentration of the tracer in the producers. Along with that, mechanical conformance applications have been installed in the steam injectors to add an additional control on vertical steam conformance and test the effectiveness of such application on addressing steam break-through issues.

The trial will provide direct experience in managing steam injection and production after steam breakthrough that can later be implemented on a larger scale. The integrated data from the trial will aid in calibrating the simulation models to anticipate the time to steam breakthrough and build confidence in the power of the model for short/long term forecasting. In addition, it will also provide early indications of the effectiveness of some of the new technologies and surveillance in predicting and addressing steam conformance challenges and hence optimize the steam flood process.
Novel Anionic Surfactant Formulation for High Temperature Carbonate Reservoirs
Authors: Montes J. , Blin N. , Alvarez A. E. , Barrio I. , Panadero A. , Rodriguez R. , Coca M. , Trujillo F.
Published: March 2018

Improving oil recovery in mature carbonate reservoirs is challenging due to inherent harsh conditions, i.e. high temperature, salinity and divalent ion concentration. This paper reports the development of a surfactant formulation that injected in sea water resulted in an incremental oil recovery higher than 20% at 120°C in carbonate field rocks.

A systematic study comprising blend and salinity scans of a lineal alkyl benzene sulfonate (ABS) and a co-surfactant was done in order to select a suitable formulation optimized to be injected in sea water. The formulation performance was evaluated by measuring the solubility, interfacial tension (IFT) and phase behavior. The robustness of the formulation was assessed by changing the surfactant concentration and the brine salinity.

Sandpack experiments with the addition of tracers were performed to determine the dynamic adsorption and coreflood experiments in low permeability reservoir cores were conducted to determine the injectivity, incremental oil recovery and surfactant adsorption/retention.

The formulation was designed by blending at different ratios lipophilic surfactants that reduce the oil/water IFT with more hydrophilic co-surfactants that improve the solubility. The obtained formulation, comprising an ABS and a co-surfactant, was stable at ambient temperature and 120°C. It was optimized to be injected at sea water salinity providing ultra-low IFT (<0.005 mN/m) and creating a microemulsion. The designed formulation was tested by injection in a previously water flooded low permeability core. Promising results were obtained in terms of incremental oil recovery (+20%) and injectivity, but too high adsorption/retention produced a delay on oil production.

In order to reduce surfactant losses, an optimization step consisting on the addition of a mineral oil and/or a low MW polymer was faced. A substantial reduction on adsorption/retention, maintaining incremental oil recovery values, was achieved by adding a specific amount of a specific mineral oil and/or a low MW polymer.

The results presented show a robust formulation able to produce high incremental oil recovery under harsh carbonate reservoir conditions.
Long Term Thermal Stability of Chemical EOR Surfactants
Authors: Hocine Sabrina , Pousset Baptiste , Courtaud Tiphaine , Degré Guillaume
Published: March 2018

Chemical enhanced oil recovery techniques progressively emerge as a means to increase mature oil fields production. In particular, surfactant flooding allows increasing oil production by lowering the interfacial tension between injection water and crude oil. The effectiveness of surfactants depends on their chemical stability over an extended period of time, which could be impaired by reservoir conditions in terms of temperature, salinity and oxidative conditions.

Within the frame of this work, we monitored the chemical stability of several families of anionic surfactants in water, including alkyl ether sulfates, alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonates, alkyl benzene sulfonates and internal olefin sulfonates. Analytical methods were first developed to evaluate the chemical stability of these surfactants, including high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mixed-indicator titration techniques. The thermal stability of industrially representative surfactants was then monitored as a function of time at high temperature.

Anionic surfactants designed to withstand high temperature conditions proved to be stable in oxygen controlled environments over a very long storage time. Alkyl benzene sulfonates, internal olefin sulfonates and alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonates (or alkyl alkoxyl glyceryl sulfonates) notably showed a very good stability over a year–long storage at 100°C. Alkyl ether sulfates (or alkyl alkoxy sulfates) showed by contrast a poor stability at 100°C as all the active contents were degraded in twenty four hours in deionized water and around four months in an alkaline buffer. The hydrolysis of the sulfate moiety at high temperature is probably responsible for the limited stability of alkyl ether sulfates at high temperature.

This study highlights the strong benefit of using sulfonated anionic surfactants in EOR processes applied at high temperatures. In particular, it demonstrates the advantage of replacing alkyl ether sulfates by alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonates in order to insure the long term stability of a formulation developed to be injected during several years.
Experimental Study on the Transport and Improved Oil Recovery Mechanism of Submicron Particle Gel
Authors: Almohsin Ayman , Ding Haifeng , Bai Baojun
Published: March 2018

Excessive water production could cause rapid decline in well deliverability and may lead to early well abandonment. Submicron polymer particle gel is a relatively new remedial treatment for excessive water production problems. This novel water control system can be adjusted according to formation pore throat sizes, particularly for deep profile control. However, current publications only introduced their physical properties and field applications. Moreover, no lab results have been reported about their transport behaviors and oil recovery improving abilities. This work investigated the transportation of a submicron particle gel system into porous media to block high permeability water flow channels. Coreflooding experiments on Berea sandstones were conducted not only to examine the water blockage mechanisms, but also to understand the potential improvement in oil recovery. Concentrations of submicron particle gel and brine are the two major factors that can potentially affect the efficiency of the water blockage and oil recovery improvement. Therefore, effect of these two parameters were thoroughly investigated in this experimental study. Meanwhile, to observe the in-depth transport of the submicron particle gel, the core holders with multiple pressure taps were used to monitor pressure drop at different sections and identify where the particles were transported. In the first part of the research, three different submicron particle gel concentrations were involved. The injection volumes of submicron particel gel dispersion were kept same in all coreflooding experiments. Result shows that the particle gel can transport deeper into the core, yields better impact on the efficiency of water blockage and result in higher oil recovery improvement when the gel concentration was higher. The second part of the research studied the impact of brine concentration. With difference in salinity environments, submicron particel gel had different swelling ratios and strengths: swollen particles were bigger and weaker with lower salinity. Unlike previous research, submicron particle gel was injected until a stable injection pressure in all sections of the core. Results indicate that high salinity environments could result in better plugging efficiency however low salinity environments could result in better oil displacement efficiency. The reasons behind the results have been analyzed by evaluating the submicron gel physical and rheology properties in lab. By studying the impacts of these two factors, this work provides a better understanding of submicron particle gel transportation and oil recovery improvement mechanisms, which is of major importance for an optimized design of a successful submicron particle gel treatment.