bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development and assessment of feasibility of a ‘NeuroCare’ app for home care of neurosurgery patients
Authors: Nagi Manisha , Kaur Sukhpal , Kumar Ashok , Singh Amarjeet , Gandle Chandershekhar , Thakur Mukta , Aggarwal Ashish , Chhabra Rajesh , Kumar Gupta Surendra
Published: November 2024

Background: Patients undergoing neurosurgery may require long-term care at home after discharge from the hospital. Mobile apps may assist their caregivers in care provision. This study aimed to develop and assess the feasibility of a ‘NeuroCare’ App for neurosurgery patients.
Methods: The study was carried out at the neurosurgery department of a tertiary care institution. A mobile app was developed following a preliminary assessment of patients' post-surgery health problems and the caregivers' training needs. This bilingual app consisted of videos on oral care, back care, hand hygiene, Tracheostomy tube (TT) care, TT suction, TT change, RT feeding, etc. It was validated by 22 experts in nursing, public health, physiotherapy, and neurosurgery. The feasibility of the App was assessed on purposely selected 16 patients and their caregivers.
Results: The majority (81.3%) of experts were highly satisfied with the functions of the app such as its contents, voice clarity, video clarity, content sequence, and understanding, and 80% of the caregivers preferred using the app in Hindi language. All the caregivers responded that the videos were not time-consuming. 60% of the caregivers were highly satisfied with the functions of the ‘Neuro-Care’ app.
Conclusions: The ‘NeuroCare’ app was found to be feasible and may be a useful component for home care of postoperative neurosurgery patients.
A study to assess the awareness and uptake of Janani Suraksha Yojana among the women attending a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Dangi Meena Kumari , Keerti  , Upadhyay Mahesh , Prajapati Jatin , Choudhary Shivani , Nagal Ravi
Published: November 2024

Background: Maternal mortality continues to be a pressing issue in India, necessitating ongoing efforts to improve maternal health and reduce the maternal mortality ratio. Launched in 2011, the Janani Suraksha Yojana is a significant initiative by the Government of India aimed at incentivizing pregnant women to deliver in health facilities. This study examines the awareness and uptake of the JSY scheme among women attending a tertiary care hospital in Udaipur.
Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Pannadhay Zanana Hospital, MBGH, Udaipur, over six months. A total of 260 women meeting the inclusion criteria participated. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire, assessing awareness and uptake of the scheme. Descriptive statistics and inferential analysis were performed using SPSS v25, with significance set at p<0.05.
Results: The majority of participants (70.8%) were aged 20-30 years. Literacy rates were high, with 79.2% of participants being literate. Most participants (93.1%) were unemployed, and 75.4% resided in rural areas. Socioeconomic analysis showed that 45.4% belonged to the lower middle class. Awareness of the JSY scheme was (69.6%), with high utilization rates (87.7%). ASHAs were the primary source of information about the scheme (42%).
Conclusions: The JSY scheme has successfully reached a significant portion of its target population, demonstrating high awareness and utilization among women attending tertiary care in Udaipur.
Diphtheria outbreak triggered by low vaccine coverage and socioeconomic status in 2023: Nigeria
Authors: Kama John , Sanusi Karama Rahama , Prithvi Jalamanchili
Published: November 2024

Diphtheria is a highly contagious bacterial infection that primarily affects the throat and upper airways. Before the introduction of vaccines, there were many cases and fatalities from diphtheria. During the 1920s, over 150,000 cases of diphtheria with an average of 14,000 deaths reported each year in the United States of America. Ever since the diphtheria toxoid vaccine has been made available in the 1940s, there have been a massive decline in diphtheria morbidities and mortalities in developed countries as compared to developing and underdeveloped countries. The socioeconomic status of Nigeria could have contributed to the recent Outbreak of diphtheria. As a country, Nigeria has struggled to have a functioning Economy system but still no solution despite efforts from the government. For instance, the recent outbreak has been linked to low vaccine coverage especially in rural communities in the country. Poor access to healthcare has also played a role on the basis of insecurity and inadequate functioning health infrastructures. There is little or no awareness, conferences, workshops concerning the importance of vaccination all because of shortage of health workers in the country. Most of these factors above, have leads us to experiencing symptoms of diphtheria such as sore throat, low-grade fever, weakness, and difficulty breathing recently. Diphtheria can be prevented if vaccination is done as scheduled by the WHO (World Health Organization) and NPI (National programme for immunization). To prevent future outbreaks, low vaccine coverage and socioeconomic status must be tackled effectively by the Nigerian Government.
Role of training and monitoring and its effect on infusion-related peripheral thrombophlebitis in a teaching hospital
Authors: Mondal Ramkrishna
Published: November 2024

There were several benefits of infusion catheter, but the complications are also too common and the earliest is thrombophlebitis. Several factors are associated with thrombophlebitis. Monitoring along with training or awareness among staff is one of the vital things to reduce thrombophlebitis incidence. The main aim of this current study is to measure the effect of the monitoring and training in peripheral infusion associated Thrombophlebitis across the hospital. The study was done in a 750-bed teaching hospital in eastern India in 2018 over six months. A total of 24 different clinical areas were identified including 7 critical, 3 semi-critical, and 14 non-critical areas. All patients were monitored using a matrix method of monitoring for incidence of thrombophlebitis daily. Data were collected for zero-, three- and six-month incidence for analysis. Monthly data were used for training needs assessment every month. For statistical analysis Microsoft excel software was used for simple statistics and t test for a p value. The total number of thrombophlebitis were coming down from 42 to 16. The changes mainly occur in the non-critical areas from 67% to 25% compared to critical and semi-critical areas. The changes in month 0 and month 3 (p<0.05) month 0 and month 6 were statistically significant (p<0.05). Though the current study is of a very short duration, the findings were in support of the multivariable approaches described by several scientists. It concluded that with proper training and monitoring can decrease the thrombophlebitis.
Gastric neuroendocrine hyperplasia and dysplasia in a patient with Lynch Syndrome
Authors: Yihan LI
Published: November 2024

Lynch syndrome (LS), previously known as hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), is an autosomal dominant disorder that predisposes individuals to various malignancies, most commonly adenocarcinomas. While low-grade neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) associated with Lynch syndrome are rarely reported, gastric neuroendocrine tumors (g-NETs) account for less than 1% of all gastric tumors.

This case report presents a rare occurrence of gastric neuroendocrine hyperplasia and dysplasia in a 68-year-old female diagnosed with Lynch syndrome. The patient, previously treated for well-differentiated adenocarcinoma of the colon, was found to have a polyp in the gastric fundus during routine surveillance. Histological analysis revealed adenocarcinoma alongside neuroendocrine cell proliferation, confirmed by synaptophysin immunostaining.

This case highlights a novel association between Lynch syndrome and gastric neuroendocrine hyperplasia/dysplasia. This finding raises awareness among clinicians regarding Lynch syndrome in patients with low-grade NETs or neuroendocrine precursors and underscores the need for comprehensive surveillance and further research to understand the underlying mechanisms and clinical implications. It suggests that mutations in mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency may play a role in neuroendocrine cell proliferation, expanding the spectrum of Lynch syndrome-associated tumors, and pointing to new directions for studying the molecular pathways and pathogenesis of NETs.
A rare case of idiopathic tumoral calcinosis of bilateral hip joint: A case report
Authors: Naik Rajesh B , Kalluraya Suryakanth , Pawar Vinay , Panda Jeebanjit , Ansar Mahammad
Published: November 2024

Tumoral calcinosis or Teutschlaender disease is a relatively rare pseudotumor of unknown origin, characterized by the accumulation of calcium salts in peri-articular soft tissues despite normal plasma levels of calcium and parathyroid hormone. We report a case of tumoral calcinosis in a 26-year-old male patient presenting with a firm mass of soft tissue and limitation of bilateral hip joint. Laboratory investigations revealed a serum calcium level of 10.1mg/dl (Normal) and a serum phosphorous level of 4.2 mg/dl (Normal). PTH level was within normal limit (12.9 pg/dl) with vitamin D level of 40.2 nmol/L (Insufficient). Patient was taken up for surgery, en-bloc excision was done. A biopsy of the soft-tissue masses was sent for histopathology, which was suggestive of lobules of calcific material surrounded by histiocytic giant cells and was diagnosed as tumoral calcinosis. After 6 months of followup patients is doing well with good range of movement at left hip joint with no signs of recurrance. In coclusion, early recognition of Tumoral calcinosis and appropriate management are crucial to mitigate symptoms and improve patient outcomes.
Hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction presenting as a life threatening acute medical emergency: A case study
Authors: Sharma Jayanta , Saha Abhinandan , Naoshram Niveda , Dutta Meghna , Dey Pradip
Published: November 2024

Hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction can present clinically as one of the few endocrinological emergencies found in daily clinical practice. The HPA axis primarily deals with stress response, energy metabolism, immune function and neuropsychiatric function. Unfortunately the clinical presentation of HPA axis dysfunction is non-specific and often progresses insidiously resulting in late diagnosis, or in severe cases present with acute circulatory collapse. Here we present a case where a 60 year-old lady who presented with shock, altered mental status, bradycardia and hypoglycemia, was found to have HPA axis dysfunction and was managed effectively with glucocorticoids along with other supportive management.
Bioethanol production from edible insect excreta: a case study on frass from house crickets
Authors: Psarianos Marios , Schneider Roland , Altuntas Önder , Dimopoulos George , Taoukis Petros , Schlüter Oliver K.
Published: November 2024

House crickets are among the most promising edible insect species for inclusion in future agri-food systems. Their appeal stems from environmentally sustainable rearing practices, a high nutritional value, and a long history of traditional use as food. Additionally, their rearing produces a byproduct known as frass, which holds potential as a valuable biomaterial. The utilization of house cricket frass as a substrate for bioethanol production was explored. Frass was digested with cellulases at 10% enzyme/dry matter of substrate, 50°C, pH=5, 48 h. This hydrolysis was combined with different treatments, like acidic (1% sulfuric acid) and alkaline (1% sodium hydroxide), and compared to protease treatment (50°C, pH=6.8, 24 h). The production of sugar and free amino proteins reached 30 and 5 g/L, respectively. Several yeast strains, isolated and identified from various organic waste sources, were tested. The fermentation was performed with Saccharomyces cerevisiae for 48 h with frass hydrolysate, pretreated with sulfuric acid, and digested with proteases and cellulases. The addition of molasses at 0‒60 g/L was considered. Sugar consumption exceeded 80%, with ethanol concentrations reaching 12.56 g/L without molasses and 30.57 g/L with the addition of molasses. Cricket frass was utilized as a substrate for bioethanol production, and the process was significantly enhanced by supplementing it with sugar beet molasses.
Third-generation biomass for bioplastics: a comprehensive review of microalgae-driven polyhydroxyalkanoate production
Authors: Saratale Rijuta Ganesh , Cho Si-Kyung , Bharagava Ram Naresh , Patel Anil Kumar , Vivekanand Vivekanand , Bhatia Shashi Kant , Ferreira Luiz Fernando Romanholo , Shin Han Seung , Awasthi Mukesh Kumar , Chakrabortty Sankha , Kumar Ramesh , Saratale Ganesh Dattatraya
Published: November 2024

Bio-based plastics, primarily polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), offer a hopeful alternative to petroleum-derived plastics. Third-generation (3G; microalgae/cyanobacteria) biomass has gained significant importance due to its rapid biomass productivity and metabolic versatility. Microalgae can produce PHAs by utilizing CO2 and wastewater, establishing them as highly promising and eco-friendly systems for bioplastic production. This comprehensive review presents comprehensive insights into microalgae-PHA production, from optimization of physicochemical and cultural conditions to effective PHA purification processes. The critical review also examines the latest advancements in cultivation strategies, metabolic engineering, and bioreactor developments, which may lead to more sustainable and progressive microalgal-based bioplastic accumulation. The effectiveness of algae biomass generation for PHA accumulation through integrated wastewater treatment has been addressed. This review examines the role of mathematical modeling and emerging artificial intelligence in advancing algae-based PHA production processes. Finally, the review concludes with a discussion of the economic and social challenges, life cycle analysis, and prospects for research and development of advanced microalgal-derived bioplastics production and predictions of potential solutions for economically feasible and sustainable microalgae-based PHA production at the industrial scale.
Is it possible for Google Trends to forecast rural tourism? The situation in Spain
Authors: Cebrian Eduardo , Domenech Josep
Published: November 2024

The study aims to assess the potential of Google Trends (GT) data for improving the prediction of monthly rural overnight stays by national residents in Spain. The study uses forecasting models that incorporate Google Trends data and compares their accuracy with traditional time-series benchmark models. The data used spans from January 2012 to February 2020. This comparison allows for a direct evaluation of whether GT variables offer any predictive advantage over classical time-series methods in the context of rural tourism. The results indicate that models incorporating GT variables do not outperform traditional time-series models in predicting rural tourism flows in Spain. Previous studies in other tourism sectors have found that GT data enhances predictive accuracy. The study concludes that Google Trends data may have limitations in predicting rural tourism flows, despite its demonstrated utility in other tourism forecasting contexts. These limitations suggest a need for further investigation into why GT does not improve rural tourism forecasts. The findings suggest that tourism industry stakeholders and policymakers should be cautious in relying on GT data for forecasting rural tourism flows.
Genetic base of Indian chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) varieties revealed by pedigree analysis
Authors: Srivastava* A.K. , Chaturvedi S.K. , Singh N.P.
Published: November 2024

In the present study an attempt has been made to determine the genetic base of 138 Indian chickpea varieties through pedigree analysis. The genetic base of 138 varieties can be traced to 160 ancestors utilised to bring genes in development of varieties. Among these, 118 ancestors were used only once or twice. The most frequently used parent included Rabat (37), Pb 7 (36), IP 58 (32), C 1234 (32) and S 26 (27). Rabat and Pb7 are present in the pedigree of more than 26% of varieties followed by C 1234 (23.29%), IP 58 (23.29%) and S 26 (19.57%). Most of the frequently used parents have been used indirectly in the crossing programme. Only 28 parents could represent 50% of total genetic base of chickpea varieties developed in the country. Although conscious efforts have been made to include diverse parents in the chickpea breeding leading to broad genetic base of the varieties yet a huge arsenal of germplasm lines remains unutilised or not resulted in varieties. There is a need to utilise the germplasm resources as well as modern techniques of breeding to incorporate multiple biotic and abiotic stress resistance for yield improvement and stabilization as well as improvement in market driven traits like extra-large seed sized kabuli lines. The present article describes the results of pedigree analyses to determine the genetic base of the released cultivars, reasons for narrow genetic base and possible approaches and strategies for its widening in chickpea.
Leveraging Extended Range Weather Forecast for Groundnut Bud Necrosis Disease Forewarning: A Data-driven Approach
Authors: Senbagavalli G. , Dheebakaran Ga. , Sathyamoorthy N.K. , Renukadevi P. , Kannan Balaji , Ragunath K.P. , Kokilavani S.
Published: November 2024

Background: Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.), a globally prominent oilseed crop, is experiencing significant losses due to the Groundnut Bud Necrosis Virus (GBNV). The extended range weather forecast (ERWF) provides timely weather information and protects crops from weather-induced biotic and abiotic risks. Methods: An ERWF-based GBNV disease forewarning study was conducted at Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu in 2023 and 2024. The ERWF output from Weather Research and Forecasting (WRFv4.4) with two microphysics (WSM3 and Kessler) were leveraged to forewarn the GBNV disease, using the thumb rule as adapted in Tamil Nadu Agricultural University-Agro Advisory Service (TNAU - AAS): Web cum Mobile App, which is maximum temperature ( greater than 33oC), relative humidity (40-70%), wind speed ( greater than 5 kmph) and rainfall (0 mm). Result: Among the two microphysics options, the WSM3 performed better and provided more usable ERWF than the Kessler scheme. The WSM3 based ERWF usability percentage was 50 to 100 for rainfall and 80-100 for all other weather variables. The higher performance of ERWF resulted in a more precise forewarning of thrips and GBNV. The first and peak activity of thrips and GBNV incidence was well correlated (70-80%) with the ERWF based forewarning.
Advances in microalgal biotechnology in Costa Rica: contributions from the Costa Rica Institute of Technology
Authors: Murillo-Vega Francinie , Faith-Vargas Margie , Chicas-Romero Mauricio , Meneses-Montero Karla , Villalta-Romero Fabian
Published: November 2024

Microalgal biotechnology in Costa Rica is a constantly growing field of research. The Microalgae research group of the Biotechnology Research Center (CIB) at Costa Rica Institute of Technolgy (ITCR) carries out research with microalgae in different areas, including environmental and agricultural applications, and food and biofuel development.In these fields, microalgae have been used to develop solutions to various national needs. This review addresses the main applications of microalgae in four key areas: environment, food, agriculture and bioenergy, at the national level, highlighting the contribution of this research group in the country. In addition, the challenges and opportunities that microalgal biotechnology must face for its effective integration in society and its potential to contribute to the environmental, social and economic development of Costa Rica are discussed.
Efecto de azitromicina sobre el crecimiento de Chlorella sorokiniana
Authors: Nuñez-Salazar Yariela , Rodríguez-Mora Karina , Jirón-García Eddy , Villalta-Romero Fabian
Published: November 2024

Mediante cultivos mixotróficos se analizó el efecto de la Azitromicina como contaminante en el medio de cultivo, para esto, se evalúo la cinética de crecimiento de la microalga Chlorella sorokiniana. Se evaluaron tres concentraciones de azitromicina en el medio de cultivo: 10, 15 y 25 ppm. Para la evaluación de la cinética se calculó la tasa de crecimiento exponencial, tiempo de duplicación y tasas de rendimiento. Aunque la viabilidad de Chlorella sorokiniana fue significativamente reducida por la presencia de azitromicina, esta microalga logró crecer hasta por 18 días en concentraciones de azitromicina (< 25 ppm) superiores a las reportadas en plantas de tratamiento de aguas, lo cual demuestra su potencial para ser empleada en estrategias de biorremediación de este antibiótico. Hasta donde es de nuestro conocimiento, este es el primer reporte de la cinética de crecimiento de Chlorella sorokiniana en concentraciones de azitromicina de 10 a 25 ppm.
Los insectos como aliados de la biotecnología: siete años de exploración en avispas sociales para la búsqueda nuevos compuestos antibióticos
Authors: Chavarría-Pizarro Laura , Núñez-Montero Kattia
Published: November 2024

Los insectos son de los organismos más importantes en los ecosistemas terrestres, pero también son indispensables en aquellos ambientes modificados por el hombre como los cultivos y las ciudades. Los insectos han sido estudiados desde hace mucho tiempo pero, con el surgimiento de la biotecnología, el enfoque que se le ha dado a los estudios está cambiando. Por ejemplo, los insectos sociales están siendo investigados debido a las relaciones simbióticas que mantienen con microorganismos productores de sustancias antimicrobianas. Es por este motivo que en el Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología (CIB) del Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica (ITCR) se han realizado investigaciones para determinar la presencia de actinobacterias en colonias de avispas sociales, y probar su actividad antibiótica. Este manuscrito tiene como objetivo realizar una revisión de los resultados obtenidos hasta el momento a partir de los proyectos de investigación realizados en el CIB. De los diferentes proyectos se consolidó una colección de 60 actinobacterias, que también inhibieron el crecimiento de cepas relacionadas con patógenos humanos y de insectos. Debido a los resultados obtenidos, actualmente se están desarrollando dos proyectos de investigación para analizar el genoma de las cepas con mayor inhibición, y para caracterizar los metabolitos secundarios. A partir de las investigaciones realizadas, se ha demostrado que las avispas de la tribu Epiponini mantienen asociaciones con diversos géneros de actinobacterias que presentan actividad antibiótica, además de que estas poseen una variedad de genes asociados a la producción de compuestos bioactivos. Los resultados demuestran que estos organismos tienen un gran potencial para la obtención de nuevos productos naturales antimicrobianos.
Reporte de Caso: detección y caracterización del virus del acucharamiento del tomate (TYLCV) en plantas de tomate del cantón de Sarchí, Costa Rica
Authors: Castro-Estrada Alexadra , Chavarría-Jiménez Estefanía , García-Madrigal Mareling , Ramos-Salazar Verónica , Gorostiola-Martínez Elsie , Chacón-Cerdas Randall , Alvarado-Marchena Luis
Published: November 2024

El presente estudio se enfocó en investigar la presencia del virus del acucharamiento de la hoja del tomate (TYLCV) en plantas de tomate en el cantón de Sarchí, Costa Rica. Se recolectaron muestras de plantas con síntomas de la enfermedad, así como una muestra sin síntomas, y se realizaron análisis moleculares y microscópicos para detectar y caracterizar el virus. Se demostró la presencia del TYLCV en las muestras analizadas mediante PCR, y comparando con otras secuencias mediante un BLAST y un árbol filogenético. Además, se observaron diferencias en la gravedad de los síntomas entre las plantas expuestas al sol y a la sombra. En el análisis por microscopía electrónica de transmisión, se identificaron síntomas citopatológicos en los cloroplastos de las plantas infectadas, tales como deformación, presencia de gránulos de almidón, y cambios en la estructura y organización de los tilacoides. Estos hallazgos confirman la presencia del TYLCV en los cultivos de tomate analizados. Estos resultados pueden ser de utilidad para los agricultores y científicos que buscan desarrollar estrategias de manejo y control de esta enfermedad en los cultivos de tomate en Costa Rica.
Gut microbiota dysbiosis and the role of its person-to-person transmission in the development of non-communicable diseases
Authors: Chaves-Jiménez Gloriana , Briceño-Chaves Mauro
Published: November 2024

The gut microbiota plays an integral role in carrying out digestion processes as well as having profound health implications. Environmental factors such as the type of diet an individual consumes dictate its composition and its impact on the host. The disruption of the gut microbiome causes dysbiosis. Some presently considered non-communicable diseases are related to gut dysbiotic microbiota. In recent years, there has been increasing interest in studying gut microbiota’s person-to-person transmission and its role in health associated effects. In this review, an insight is provided into these topics; additionally, a proposition is made to further study the effects of factors such as cohabitation and personal diet on transmission rate speed.
Educación Rural entre Montañas: Análisis de una Escuela Multinivel en Tucumán-Argentina
Authors: Alella Constanza Sofía
Published: November 2024

Rural Education is characterized by heterogeneity as regards population, geographic location, and various pedagogical formats. The main purpose of this article is to present an interpretative analysis from a social perspective of "Escuela Multinivel Las Arquitas," located in a remote mountainous area in the province of Tucumán, Argentina. The organizational institutional model to be outlined is: a Multilevel School as an alternative capable of guaranteeing the educational trajectories of students. Moreover, the article addresses the particular configuration the teaching job adopts and the challenges involved in socio-educational inclusion processes in a mountainous environment.
Historical aspects of bioethics of research and innovation in pediatric surgery
Authors: Perepelkin Andrei I. , Vlasova Ekaterina V. , Perepelkina Anastasia A.
Published: November 2024

The article reveals historical aspects of the bioethics of research and innovation in pediatric surgery. Surgical innovations are inherently noble efforts aimed at improving the health of patients through a new method of diagnosis or treatment. Together with the freedom to create something new and innovate comes the need to protect patients from the potential risks associated with a new way of diagnosis or treatment. Throughout the development of medicine, from the Hammurabi Code to the adoption of international ethical guidelines for human health research in 2016, a tendency has been traced aimed at addressing the issue of the legality of using research on humans in general and in performing pediatric surgical interventions, in particular. From the time of the Belmont Report to the present, the guidelines for conducting human experiments have been based on four core values or principles underlying modern medical ethics: benevolence, non-harm, justice and personal autonomy. Children deserve special treatment from researchers and research ethics committees. For more than a hundred years, participation of children in scientific research has been disputed, nevertheless, there is a large number of examples in the scientific literature of involving children in this kind of activity. Children were previously seen as important participants in the progress of medical knowledge and the development of new drugs and vaccines. The development of pediatric surgery and the establishment of bioethical principles have led to the restriction of such reckless experiments on children. The development of pediatric surgery and the establishment of bioethical principles have led to the limitation of such reckless experiments on children. Monitoring of such investigations by the medical community is very important, in which ethics committees play a central role. The work of these committees is based on a set of international legal and advisory acts accumulated by humanity, which are fundamental in the field of bioethics.
Reflections on the axiological paradigm of medical education
Authors: Tkachenko Elena A. , Litvinenko Anna A.
Published: November 2024

On September 23–25, 2024, the XII International Interdisciplinary Scientific and Practical Symposium “Man and (co) societies in the context of health care: problems of medical anthropology in the past, present, and challenges of the future” was held in Moscow. The symposium was organized by the Association of Medical Anthropologists (AMA) and the Miklukho-Maklay Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology (IEA) of the Russian Academy of Sciences. This traditional event gathered a huge audience this time, which is not surprising, because it was about the highest values – health and life. The issues of presentations and discussions are reflected in the names of sections and Round tables, for example: “Health care in the past and present”, “Healthcare in the context of health care in modern communities”, “Medical anthropology as an interdisciplinary scientific field: problems of interaction and research methods”, “Reproductive models and practices in the context of multicultural societies” “Medical Anthropology – medical psychology: problems and research in an interdisciplinary field”, “Relevance of Ayurveda approaches in modern health care and healthcare”, “Medical aspects of biological anthropology”, “Mental health in a sociocultural context”, “Modern healthcare and patient trust: new bioethical challenges”, “Biofacturing of human organs and tissues”.
The final plenary session was of the greatest interest, the topic of which was: “Medical anthropology: problems of profession formation, development of scientific direction, teaching of educational discipline, as well as professional (re)training of specialists in medical and assisting professions”. In this context, the problem of the relationship between medical anthropology and bioethics in higher education was discussed. In this article, we express our opinion on this issue.
EXPLORING THE IMPACT OF QRIS TECHNOLOGY ON GEN Z INTENTION TO CONTRIBUTE INFAQ TO MOSQUES
Authors: Arifin Samsul , Ratnasari Ririn Tri , Pertiwi Tanza Dona
Published: November 2024

This study examines the impact of religiosity, ease of use, motivation, and intention to donate infaq among Generation Z in Jember, Indonesia, focusing on mosque donations via QRIS technology. Using a quantitative approach with 100 participants and analyzed through SEM-PLS, the study finds that religiosity enhances motivation through goal-focused behavior. In contrast, ease of use promotes motivation by simplifying the donation process. The research highlights QRIS's benefits, such as increased convenience and transparency, but also identifies challenges, including low digital literacy and limited understanding of infaq among some congregants. These findings suggest that while QRIS has the potential for improving mosque donations, addressing digital literacy and comprehension barriers is essential for maximizing its effectiveness among younger generations.
BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF THE MAP OF THE DEVELOPMENT AND INFLUENCE OF THE PHENOMENON OF STREET CRIME (1966-2023) FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF ISLAMIC LAW
Authors: Putri Fernanada Monica , Muthoifin Muthoifin
Published: November 2024

This study aims to determine the crimes that are still rampant in Indonesia by researching street crimes in Indonesia. This study employs qualitative research methods with a normative juridical approach, analyzing secondary data from published literature. The research employs bibliometric data analysis techniques through searching, deepening, examining, investigating, and researching all publications indexed in Scopus regarding the impact of street crime phenomena on public peace from a criminological perspective: public spaces in Indonesia from 1996 to 2023. The obtained data will be analyzed using Microsoft Excel and R/R-Studio applications. VOSviewer will be used synchronously for synchronous analysis of keyword emergence. Street crime is a phenomenon of street-level criminal activities observed from a specialized execution perspective. Terms in the Quran and Hadith related to the behaviour of klitih (a local term for violent behaviour) are also discussed, including the forms of legal measures applied to it. The term al-hirabah refers to armed groups aiming to create chaos, spill blood, and harm people, which is entirely contrary to religion, morality, rules, and laws. Prevention can be approached through traditional means, and legal enforcement must involve various community elements to take control of the issue with support from the state and formal institutions. The results show an annual growth rate of 6.49%, which represents the average yearly increase in published research papers on street crime over the studied period. This research provides a brief overview of the accessible literature and offers recommendations for future research.
ESOPEC trial: enhancing treatment approaches for esophageal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Modi Shivani , Peshin Supriya , Gahyun Gim
Published: November 2024

Esophageal cancer is a highly lethal cancer with notable global variations in incidence and risk factors. In the U.S., it ranks as the fifth most common gastrointestinal cancer, with around 16,940 new cases annually, while globally, it is the sixth most common cancer. Significant regional disparities are highlighted by the "esophageal cancer belt" across northern Iran, southern Russia, central Asia, and northern China, where squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) dominates, comprising 90% of cases. In contrast, the U.S. has seen a rise in esophageal adenocarcinoma, primarily due to obesity and gastroesophageal reflux disease, with SCC rates declining as tobacco and alcohol use decrease. Key trials have shaped current treatment approaches. The CROSS trial (2012) showed a survival advantage with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (carboplatin/paclitaxel with radiotherapy) plus surgery over surgery alone, extending median overall survival (OS) from 24 to 49.4 months. The FLOT4 trial (2017) established perioperative FLOT chemotherapy as superior to ECF/ECX, with median OS increasing from 35 to 50 months. The Neo-AEGIS trial (2020) found comparable OS between the CROSS and perioperative chemotherapy regimens, supporting treatment flexibility. Recently, the ESOPEC trial (ASCO 2024) demonstrated a median OS benefit with perioperative FLOT (66 months) over CROSS (37 months) in resectable esophageal adenocarcinoma, positioning FLOT as the preferred strategy. These findings highlight the value of tailored, multimodal therapies in enhancing survival and quality of life for esophageal adenocarcinoma patients. Future research will explore immunotherapy's role and the potential to omit surgery in patients achieving a complete pathological response.
Delay-dependent observer based control for uncertain fuzzy-chaotic systems with deception attacks and faulty actuators
Authors: Monisha Sekaran , Nithya Venkatesan , Sakthivel Rathinasamy
Published: November 2024

In this study, the robust fault-tolerant control problem for T-S fuzzy chaotic systems is studied with the use of a proportional integral observer. Particularly, to accurately consider the real-world scenario, the chaotic system model incorporates the parameter uncertainties, input delay and external disruptions. Furthermore, a fuzzy-based observer is put forward based on analyzed system output with the intent of estimating the states of undertaken chaotic systems. Herein, the system output is susceptible to randomly occurring deception attacks and adheres to the Bernoulli distribution. Precisely, the consideration of deception attacks in the output channel allows for more secure state estimation in a networked setting. Subsequently, we develop a proportional integral observer-based fault-tolerant control that allows for the attainment of goals despite faults and delays in the input channel. Moreover, by setting up the Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional and blending it with Wirtinger's integral inequalities, we put together adequate conditions that ensure the asymptotic stability of the closed-loop systems by establishing conditions in the form of linear matrix inequalities. In the follow-up, based on the established matrix inequalities, the exact procedure for computing the gain matrices is outlined. As a last step, we put forward numerical simulation outcomes that exhibit the viability of the theoretical findings.
Computation of robust positively invariant set based on direct data-driven approach
Authors: Du Qian , Yang Hongli
Published: November 2024

A direct data-driven approach for computing the robust positively invariant sets of a discrete-time system is presented in this study. By transforming the invariance conditions into a set of tractable linear matrix inequality problems and combining them with a semidefinite programming problem, we maximize the volume of invariant sets without violating state constraints. Based on two equivalence conditions of invariance, we investigate two algorithms using the one-step method to maximize the volume of the invariant sets. Ultimately, we opted for Algorithm 1, which is more succinct and effective. To further reduce conservatism, we propose an iterative algorithm based on Algorithm 1. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is verified through numerical examples.
Recent advance in poly(bisphenol a carbonate) chemical recycling: catalysts, reaction strategies, and its applications
Authors: Li Shuoxian , Zhu Guangqian , Yang Rulin , Song Tao , Hou Hongbin , Xu Guangqiang , Wang Qinggang
Published: November 2024

The chemical upcycling of waste plastics into high-value-added products such as monomers, fuels, or fine chemicals represents a promising strategy for mitigating the adverse effects of massive end-of-life plastics. Poly(bisphenol A carbonate) (BPA-PC) stands out as a notable engineering plastic due to its exceptional overall performance; however, its durability and potential environmental toxicity make its recycling imperative. Although a lot of reviews about plastic degradation have been done before our review, the progress for plastic degradation needs to be constantly updated and summarized due to the rapid development of this field. Meanwhile, BPA-PC, as an important notable engineering plastic, previous reviews only focused on its depolymerization into monomers and missed their further conversion into final chemicals. which In this concise review, we summarize recent developments in the chemical upcycling of BPA-PC to valuable chemicals, emphasizing the role of various catalysts and reagents. Some of the most utilized chemical upcycling strategies such as alcoholysis, aminolysis and upcycling of BPA-PC in “polymer-to-polymer” format to reproduce new polymers are elucidated in detail. Finally, we provide insights into the future prospects of chemical upcycling for waste BPA-PC.
VNN-DM: a vector neural network-based detection model for time synchronization attacks in park-level energy internet
Authors: Yang Jiacheng , Shi Fanrong , Li Yunlong , Zhao Zhihang , Cui Qiushi
Published: November 2024

Micro phasor measurement units (µPMUs) provide high-precision voltage and current phasor data, allowing real-time state estimation and fault detection, which are critical for the stability and reliability of modern power systems. However, their reliance on accurate time synchronization makes them vulnerable to time synchronization attacks (TSAs), which can disrupt grid monitoring and control by corrupting µPMU data. Addressing these vulnerabilities is essential to ensure the secure and resilient operation of smart grids and energy internet technologies. To address these challenges, intelligent detection methods are essential. Therefore, this paper proposes a µPMU measurement data TSA detection model based on vector neural networks (VNNs). This model initially employs a vector neural network to process raw data, effectively extracting and analyzing temporal features. During the same time, a capsule network is employed to classify these temporal features. On this basis, a reconstruction network is used to verify the representational capacity of the model. Simulations based on µPMU measurement data demonstrate that the model exhibits excellent detection capacity in various performance metrics, underscoring its precision and robustness.
Knowledge assisted machine learning to clarify pore influence on fatigue life of forging/additive hybrid manufactured Ti-17 alloy
Authors: Gao Shuailong , Li Wenyuan , Ma Yuting , Wang Baitao , Dong Xiaolin , Li Shujun , Liu Jianrong , Yang Yi , Qu Shen , Chen Zhenlin , Wang Hao , Yang Rui
Published: November 2024

Forging/additive hybrid manufactured Ti alloy parts suffer from relatively low fatigue life due to the existence of metallurgical defects in the transition zone, which also brings difficulty to fatigue life modeling. In this work, the synergistic effect of pore size and location on the rotating-bending fatigue life of hybrid manufactured Ti-5Al-2Sn-2Zr-4Mo-4Cr (Ti-17) samples was systematically investigated with the combination of machine learning approaches and physical knowledge. A machine learning framework with a back propagation neural network and generative adversarial network (GAN) was constructed and employed on sparse and limited datasets. A general and interpretable model was obtained with a high level of 90% confidence. In general, the fatigue life of hybrid manufactured Ti-17 alloys decreases with pore size and increases with its distance to surface. Specifically, critical sizes were obtained for near-surface and in-depth pores that have negligible influence on fatigue life of hybrid manufactured samples with respect to pore-free samples. The present work thus provides a systematic platform for the evaluation of the fatigue performance of hybrid manufactured titanium alloys.
A survey of energies from pure metals to multi-principal element alloys
Authors: Chen Ruitian , Li Evelyn , Zou Yu
Published: November 2024

In materials science, a wide range of properties of materials are governed by various types of energies, including thermal, physicochemical, structural, and mechanical energies. In 2005, Dr. Frans Spaepen used crystalline face-centered cubic (fcc) copper as an example to discuss a variety of phenomena that are associated with energies. Inspired by his pioneering work, we broaden our analysis to include a selection of representative pure metals with fcc, hexagonal close-packed (hcp), and body-centered cubic (bcc) structures. Additionally, we extend our comparison to energies between pure metals and equiatomic binary, ternary, and multi-principal element alloys [sometimes also known as high-entropy alloys (HEAs)]. Through an extensive collection of data and calculations, we compile energy tables that provide a comprehensive view of how structure and alloying influence the energy profiles of these metals and alloys. We highlight the significant impact of constituent elements on the energies of alloys compared to pure metals and reveal a notable disparity in mechanical energies among materials in fcc-, hcp- and bcc-structured metals and alloys. Furthermore, we discuss the energy relationships, the implications for structural transformations and potential applications, providing insights into the broader context of these energy variations.
An integrated design of novel RAFM steels with targeted microstructures and tensile properties using machine learning and CALPHAD
Authors: Li Xiaochen , Zheng Mingjie , Pan Hao , Mao Chunliang , Ding Wenyi
Published: November 2024

The design optimization of structure and performance of reduced activation ferritic-martensitic (RAFM) steels is crucial for the development of future fusion reactors, which has always been a significant challenge. In this study, we proposed a new strategy to integrate the microstructure and performance design of RAFM steels using machine learning (ML) and calculation of phase diagrams (CALPHAD). Since the microstructures (MX, M23C6, δ-ferrite, coarsening phases, etc. ) play important roles in mechanical properties of RAFM steels, a microstructural model was built by ML to predict their volume fraction or presence based on the CALPHAD data. By integrating this microstructural model with the forward and reverse models, we developed two RAFM steels with high volume fraction of MX (0.49% and 0.42%) and excellent tensile properties. At 600 °C, the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of the two RAFM steels is about 100 MPa higher than that of the conventional RAFM steels. These experimental results meet the specific design criteria, confirming the effectiveness of our design strategy. Our research will provide a valuable guideline for the design of other advanced alloys.
Study of Orientation on The Effectiveness of Photovoltaic Shading Installation in The Ulil Albab Mosque, Yogyakarta
Authors: Hendrawati Dyah , Setyowati Erni
Published: November 2024

A mosque is a place of worship oriented towards the Qibla, which for the Yogyakarta area is in the northwest direction, or 294.7°. The Qibla will affect the orientation and possibly the shape of the building. The northwest direction of buildings in Yogyakarta has a relatively high solar factor value. The orientation of the building and the dominant shape of the building towards the Qibla cannot be avoided by architects because of the rule of shafts during congregational prayers. This research is expected to find the practical orientation and layout of photovoltaic installations that function as shading, which can reduce solar heat radiation. It is hoped that the distinctive orientation of the mosque will have great potential to produce maximum renewable energy by installing solar/photovoltaic panels. The orientation has excellent potential for a mosque building to produce maximum renewable energy by installing photovoltaic (PV) panels in addition to the roof. This research aims to clearly and measurably determine the potential for renewable energy in an existing mosque, namely the Ulil Albab Mosque, Yogyakarta. The method used in this research is to carry out simulations on all facade orientations using FormIt software to find the most effective potential facades for installing PV. This research shows the most significant potential for installing photovoltaics without disturbing the performance of other buildings and getting optimal energy on the side west by producing 86,76 kWh/year.
Design Of Religious Tourism Area - Putri Ayu Dewi Sekardadu Tomb - Based on Disaster Mitigation
Authors: Hapsari Oktavi Elok , A'yun Qurrotul
Published: November 2024

This project aims to strengthen the Putri Ayu Dewi Sekardadu tomb, a religious tourism site in Sidoarjo, Indonesia, against natural calamities, particularly flooding. The study extensively researches catastrophe mitigation and architectural enhancements for religious tourism. We evaluate flood risks, examine infrastructure, and provide design solutions to improve accessibility, amenities, attraction, and ancillary services using observational research and data analysis. The study recommends combining structural improvements with community-based techniques to mitigate disasters. The findings emphasize the importance of community engagement, disaster readiness, and sustainable design in developing resilience and improving cultural tourism. By analyzing and addressing these aspects, interested parties can promote a tourism experience that can withstand natural calamities and increase cultural value.