bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gross Changes of Placenta in Pregnancy Induced Hypertension and its Clinical Relevance: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Gowri Tallapalli Lakshmi Sri , Prashanti Tulluru , Archana Alzapur , Rao Jana Siva Koti Srinivasa
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Placenta establishes connection between mother and foetus through umbilical cord. Pregnancy Induced Hypertension (PIH) is one of the most common complication of pregnancy. Gross study of placenta in PIH gives an insight into prenatal health of baby and mother, thereby preventing maternal as well as foetal morbidity and mortality. Aim: To study the gross changes of placenta in PIH cases with its clinical relevance. Materials and Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was done at tertiary care hospital of Osmania and Gandhi Medical College, Telangana, India. The study was carried over for a period of six months (from October 2019 to March 2020) with a sample size of 50 placentae in PIH mothers aged between 20-35 years who were inpatients at the Obstetrics Department. They were followed until delivery. Postdelivery, the gross anatomy of the collected placentas was studied. Varied parameters of placenta, data of newborn and clinical picture of mother were compared with normal standards and statistically analysed by using Unpaired t-test. Results: Significant reduction of mean placental weight and mean foetal weight (p-value<0.0001) and significant increase in foetoplacental weight ratio was found. There was an average reduction of number of cotyledons by 23% in PIH cases when compared to normal placentae. An incidence of mean infarct areas of 9.6 and mean calcified areas of 13 were found on the maternal surface of placenta in PIH. An incidence of 68% of marginal type of placenta was observed in patients with PIH. Clinically, incidence of headache, pedal oedema, convulsions, visual disturbances and proteinuria were found. Conclusion: Gross study of placenta in PIH reflects maternal and foetal status and can be taken as confirmative evidence by radiologists to prevent Intra Uterine Growth Retardation (IUGR) and guide obstetricians during management of pregnant mother with PIH. Thereby, preventing the maternal and foetal morbidity and mortality.
A Review on Vermicompost Enrichment: In Prospect of Village Level
Authors: Yogi Sourabh , Khune V. N. , Bhagat Vandana , Singh Nishma , Pathak Rupal , Bhagat Sudheer , Soni Anupam
Published: February 2022

Cow dung is very useful as fertilizer, with help of earthworms a unique product vermicompost is formed. Importance of vermicompost over chemical fertilizer is accepted by all. There is plenty of cow dung but vermi tank are limited, here we have discussed some innovations to fasten the process of maturation by using decomposer, bacteria and fungi species, here we have reviewed different methods. It found significantly higher phosphorus percent in slurry method, slight more K percent compare to conventional method, not much difference in N content are reported, almost  two folds increase in useful bacteria fungi and azotobacter population are recorded as compare to conventional. There are reported increase in N and P contents of manure after inoculation of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and N-fixing bacteria. Waste decomposer which contains fungi Trichoderma viridae and strains of bacteria Pseudomonus fluorescence and Azotobactor chroococcum also impart positive effects on nutrients composition in manure and also a symbiosis effect on earthworm population. The method of Pile composting enriched with decomposer will be prove as very useful for huge quantity waste with less resources and time.
Impact of Financial Inclusion on Household Welfare in Nigeria
Authors: Joan N. Ozoh , Uche C. Nwogwugwu , Ebele S. Nwokoye
Published: February 2022

Although improving household welfare is essential to the attainment of numerous United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), developing countries such as Nigeria has continued to make negligible progress in enhancing household welfare and boosting prosperity with majority of her population still struggling to attain a minimum standard of living. Policy makers has suggested that financial inclusion could be a panacea for welfare improvement. This study examined the impact of financial inclusion on household welfare using Findex 2017 data. The study is a Quantitative research. It made use of quasi experimental research design. The target population are households from 15 years and above. The study performing a counterfactual analysis using propensity score matching technique found that financial inclusion has a positive significant impact on household welfare. The study recommended among others that to achieve increased financial inclusion for all, government, regulatory agencies, financial service providers need to concentrate on improving the existing framework for branchless banking so that individuals can get these financial services without having to go to a physical bank.
Female Directors and Firm Performance: Evidence of Family Firm in Indonesia
Authors: Marpaung Arif Pratama , Koto Murviana , Shareza Hafiz Muhammad , Hamdani Rizki
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of female board of directors on company performance. Using a sample of 144 family firms in Indonesia in the period 2018 to 2020. This study examines the relationship between female directors and corporate accounting (ROA and ROE) and market-based performance (Tobin's Q). This study uses a panel data approach with OLS measurements and fixed effects model measurements. This study found that female ownership significantly lowers Tobin's Q. While female CEOs have a negative effect on ROA. Furthermore, the ownership and presence of women on the board has no effect on ROA. In measuring company performance as proxied by ROE, it was found that women's ownership, the presence of women on the board, and women's leadership had no effect. Studies on the relationship between gender diversity and financial performance in the context have been carried out in developed economies. This study contributes to the literature related to corporate governance in family companiexs, especially gender diversity in countries with developing economies such as Indonesia. we recommend looking at the role of women in risk and innovation to be able to see the role of opportunities in other fields that can provide evidence that women can advance the company.
Escalation of Village Enterprises in Developing Digitalized Financial Management Innovations in the Tapal Kuda Area
Authors: Shulthoni Moch. , Pangesti Mulyono Resha Dwi Ayu , Roziq Ahmad , Singgih Marmono , Farid Muhammad , Prasetyo Hery
Published: February 2022

In Indonesia, many profit-oriented entities operate, one of which is Village-Owned Enterprises which is included in a profit-oriented organization to improve village welfare. The main activity of Village-Owned Enterprises is as a village-owned business center that aims to increase the value of the village. Village-Owned Enterprises as a profit entity must meet financial reporting standards that have been ratified and issued by the Indonesian Institute of Accountants (IAI) to maintain the transparency of its entity. Financial Accounting Standard Micro Small Medium Entity (FAS MSME) as a guideline for the presentation of financial statements of profit-oriented entities clearly explains how an entity that has a permanent advantage prepares financial statements for entities such as Village-Owned Enterprises. The web is a database application that provides multi-functional calculation features as a perfect bridge for compiling mosque financial reports that are more relevant and accountable. Following Financial Accounting Standard Micro Small Medium Entity (FAS MSME) guidelines, the outputs generated by using a web-based tool to compile mosque financial reports are a list of accounts, general journals, ledgers, trial balances, profit/loss statements, statements of changes in equity, and statements of financial position.
Spectral Radius of a Normal Operator
Authors: Simiyu Achiles Nyongesa , Alosa Philis , Olege Fanuel
Published: February 2022

Let X be a Complex Banach space and T be a bounded operator in X. The number sup {|λ| : λ ∈ σ(T)} (where σ(T) is the spectrum of T and σ(T) ̸= ϕ) is called the spectral radius of T and denoted by r(T). Since λ ≤ ∥T∥for all λ ∈ σ(T), it follows that r(T) ≤ ∥T∥. The spectral mapping theorem implies that r(Tn) = (r(T))n for every positive integer n. It frequently turns out that it is easy to compute the spectral radius of an operator even if it is hard to _nd the spectrum. This is often made easy by the spectral radius formula. Let H be a Hilbert space and T be a bounded linear operator in H. In this paper we show that if T is normal, then Tn is normal for each n ∈ N and ∥Tn∥ = ∥T∥n. Consequently, we use the spectral radius formula to show that r(T) = ∥T∥. Moreover, we show that if X is a Complex Banach space and T is bounded in X then there is a λ belonging to the spectrum of T such that |λ| = r(T). Let H be a Complex Hilbert space and T be a bounded operator in H which is normal; we show that ∥T∥ = sup {|Tx, x| : x ∈ H and ∥x∥ = 1} and the residual spectrum of T is void.
Effect of Irrigation Scheduling and Sowing Windows on Yield and Yield Attributes of Wheat
Authors: Prajapat Arjun Lal , Saxena Rani , Lal Mandeewal Rameshwr , Sharma Mahesh , Didal Bhuwnesh
Published: February 2022

Present experiment   was conducted during Rabi season 2016-17 and 2017-18 at Research farm, Rajasthan Agricultural Research Institute, Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Durgapura, Jobner, Rajasthan to find out the response of wheat cultivars to irrigation scheduling under different sowing dates. Thirty-six treatment combinations were investigated. Treatments comprises four irrigation levels: I1 (0.6 Etc), I2 (0.8 Etc), I3 (1.0 Etc) and I4 (1.2 Etc), three cultivars: C1 (Raj-4120), C2 (Raj-4079) and C3 (Raj-4238) and three dates of sowing: D1 (15th Nov.), D2 (30th Nov.) and D3 (15th Dec.) in split plot design. A critical examination of results showed that irrigation applied at 1.2 Etc (I4) recorded the maximum values of yield parameters (effective tiller per metre row length, number of grains per spike, length of spike per spike, spikes per metre square area and test weight) and yields. Further results on cultivar indicated that the Raj 4079 proved significantly superior over Raj 4120 and Raj 4238 with respect to all yield attributes. However, results showed that sowing of wheat on 15th November gave higher values for yield attributes and yield.
Intestinal Parasite Infections among Food Vendors at Awkuzu, Nigeria
Authors: Chikwendu J. I. , Elosiuba V. N. , Ikeh R. E. , Ezeala F. C. , Ngenegbo U. C. , Onyido A. E.
Published: February 2022

Intestinal parasites have been known to cause severe symptoms of malnourishment and abdominal pains as well as impairment of physical and mental development especially in children. Poor hygiene among food vendors is a major risk factor for human infections with protozoan cysts, helminth eggs and larvae. This cross-sectional study on intestinal parasites among food vendors in Awkuzu, Oyi Local Government Area of Anambra State was carried out between April and June, 2021. Two hundred consenting males (32%) and females (68%) were studied under age-groups of ≤ 20, 21-30, 31-40, 41-50, and >50 years. Stool sample submitted by each participant was routinely examined in our mobile laboratory using Saline/iodine wet preparation and Formol-ether concentration techniques. Parasites were identified with standard keys. Data obtained were analyzed using the Chi-square test for homogeneity of infection among gender and age groups. Forty-eight (24.0%) of all stool samples were positive for intestinal parasite infections; with overall prevalence of 12.5, 6.0 and 5.5% for helminth, protozoa, and mixed helminth-protozoa infections, respectively. Overall frequency of infection with Ascaris lumbricoides was 42.7%, followed by Strongyloides stercoralis (24%) while Entamoeba histolytica, Taenia spp., Hookworm spp., and Giardia lamblia recorded 10.7, 9.3, 8.0 and 5.3% respectively. Overall gender prevalence revealed that a total of 27 (13.5 %) males were infected and 21 (10.5 %) females were infected, there was no significant difference (p<0.05) between infections in males and in females. Overall age prevalence revealed that more than one-third 18 (9.0 %) of the infections occurred in the ≤ 20 age group, and the least prevalence 2 (1.0%) occurred in the >50 age group. This study has demonstrated intestinal parasite infections among food vendors studied. Irregular deworming and poor hand hygiene among food vendors are potential risks for food-borne diseases transmission to unsuspecting food consumers. Health education and social behavioral change communication on the importance of regular deworming, improved hand hygiene and WASH practices, as well as provision of better waste management infrastructure should be put in place to prevent any outbreak of food-borne diseases in the area.
Role of Immunity in Pediatric Drug Resistant Epilepsy: Clinical, Neurophysiological, Neuroimaging and Immunological Study
Authors: A. Labib Nema , Abd El-Rahman Wael A. F. , El-Gammal Tarek M. , El-Seidy Ehab A. S. , Ateya Gehan F.
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Autoimmune epilepsy was an under-recognized condition, and its true incidence was unknown in pediatrics. Serum antibodies suggesting a potential autoimmune etiology were detected in 34.8% of patients presented by epilepsy of unknown etiology. Diagnosis of autoimmune epilepsy would be of great value in the search for potential preventive treatments for disabling seizures and cognitive impairment.

Autoimmune epilepsy was characterized by a depressed or altered level of consciousness, lasting more than 24 h, lethargy, or change in personality or behavior and at least one of the following features: neuropsychiatric symptoms, seizures, movement disorder, or cognitive dysfunction. Patients were excluded if an alternative diagnosis was made. The presence of neuronal antibodies and MRI changes supported the diagnosis. This study aimed to assess the possible role of immunity in the pathogenesis of pediatric drug resistant epilepsy through clinical electroencephalographic, neuroimaging and neuro-immunological testing.

Subjects and Methods: This study was conducted on twenty-four drug resistant epileptic children with suspected autoimmune etiology over the period from 2016-2018. The control group comprised twenty four children with idiopathic controlled epilepsy matched to the drug-resistant epilepsy sample for age and gender. Both groups were subjected to clinical examination, neuronal antibodies in serum and CSF, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Chalfont seizure severity scale (CSSS), EEG, and brain MRI studies.

Results: There was a large percentage of autoimmune epilepsy in pediatric cryptogenic drug-resistant epilepsy. 55% of DRE cases presented with mild pleocytosis and elevated CSF proteins. Serum and CSF neuronal antibodies were positive in about 66.63% and 65% of cases respectively. Serum neuronal antibodies to GAD were positive in 8.33%, NMDA Abs were positive in 33.3%, and VGKC Abs were in 25.0% of cases. In the CSF, GAD antibodies were positive in 10%, NMDA antibodies in 40%, and VGKC antibodies in 20% of cases. Seizures reduction was achieved with immunotherapy, also was prevalent in seropositive cases.

Conclusion: Pediatric patients presented by drug-resistant epilepsy should receive immunotherapy for a definite diagnosis. MRI changes in the form of temporal hyperintensity, claustrum, cortical hyperintensities were a common finding in pediatric patients presented by drug-resistant epilepsy. CSF changes in the form of elevated proteins and /or mild pleocytosis signified inflammatory changes in the CNS and blood brain barrier (BBB) disruption. Steroid responsiveness played a major role in the diagnosis of autoimmune epilepsy, especially seronegative cases.
Mapping of Indices of Slum and Informal Housing Development in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
Authors: Adewumi Adedeji Adeyemi , Junaid Asimiyu Mohammed , Mohammed Sanni Lekan
Published: February 2022

Slums and informal housing developments in Akure are growing at an unprecedented rate. It is on this basis that this work sets out to map out the indices of slum and informal housing development in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria. High-resolution satellite data, as well as primary and secondary data, were used in the study. Based on collected data, ArcGIS 10.3.1 software was used to prepare a base map showing the existing land use, built up area in 1986, 2002, and 2018, and indices of slums, or informal housing in Akure. The indices were rated on a scale of 1–5 and the results obtained revealed that socio-economic indices [housing shortage, lack of affordable housing, high incidences of urban poverty, high incidences of rural or urban–urban migration and unemployment], institutional indices [poor enforcement of planning laws, unclear regulation and long procedures for building plan approvals, and lack of planning/development plans], political indices [inadequate provision of sites and services, tenure insecurity and eviction, and poor resettlement programme by the government] and environmental indices [high density of development and overcrowding, inadequate neighbourhood facilities and services, and inadequate sanitation] are most significant in the core and peripheral areas of Akure. The study recommends slum upgrading programmes oriented to the betterment of the current conditions of slum households and neighbourhoods and formal housing aimed at securing access to adequate housing for all, in particular the most vulnerable, promoting affordable and safe solutions and inclusive housing finance systems.
Ameliorating Effects of Solanum anomalum Thonn. Ex. Schumach Fruit Extracts on Paracetamol-induced Kidney Injuries and Haemato-biochemical Indices in Rats
Authors: J. Offor Samuel , J. Akpan Sifon Obong , Tologbonse Adedayo A. , A. Umoh Romanus , Akpan Daniel F.
Published: February 2022

Paracetamol (acetaminophen) is a widely used non-opioid analgesic and antipyretic drug that is safe at therapeutic doses but toxic to the liver and kidneys in overdose. Although the risk of paracetamol-induced liver injury is much higher than in the kidneys, incidents of kidney damage by paracetamol should not be ignored, given the enormous cost of treating kidney diseases, particularly in resource-challenged developing nations. In an onerous quest for a cheaper and readily available antidote, this study examined the effect of Solanum anomalum fruit extract on paracetamol-induced kidney injuries and haemato-biochemical indices in rats. Twenty-five mature albino rats of both sexes were used, divided into five groups of five rats per group. Group 1 (normal control) rats were given distilled water (10ml/kg) for 8 days, group 2 (negative control) given distilled water (10 ml/kg) for 8 days, group 3 (positive control) given 100 mg/kg Silymarin for 8 days, group 4 given 452 mg/kg of S. anomalum fruit extract for 8 days, and group 5 given 678 mg/kg of S. anomalum fruit extract for 8 days. Thereafter, 2.0 g/kg of paracetamol was administered to groups 2-5 orally on the 8th day. Rats in group 2 showed significant increases in urea, creatinine, sodium ion, total WBCs, decrease in PCV, Hb concentration and RBCs. Administration of Solanum anomalum fruit extract significantly reversed most of these biomarkers.  Histopathology of the kidneys also points to the mitigating effect of Solanum anomalum fruit against paracetamol-induced nephrotoxicity.
Cardiac Manifestation of COVID-19 Patients and Their Outcome
Authors: Yelne Pallavi , Gaidhane Shilpa , Rathi Chetan , Wadekar Abhijit , Nimkar Shubham
Published: February 2022

COVID-19, the novel corona virus disease of 2019 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has imminently threatened all of us having significant morbidity and mortality all around the world. Upper respiratory tract infection, pneumonia, severe acute respiratory distress syndrome, multiorgan failure or even death can be the manifestation of COVID-19.  However, ‘n’ number of cardiac complications including acute myocardial injury, myocarditis, arrhythmia, pericarditis, decompensated heart failure and cardiogenic shock has been described so far. We report the first systematic and comprehensive echocardiographic evaluation of patients requiring hospitalization for COVID-19 infection. It was found that 32% of patients with COVID-19 have normal echocardiography. Out of all unavoidable cardiac complications in covid-19, due to pulmonary parenchymal and vascular disease, Right Ventricular (RV) dilation with or without dysfunction is the most frequent abnormality in patients who earlier had normal heart function. So, one of predictor of mortality in COVID-19 patients might be a RV function evaluation. The right ventricle dysfunction is at high risk in COVID-19 patients just because of its pathophysiological relevance. RV dysfunction is potentially resulting due to cytokines with its negative inotropic effects, directly angiotensin converting enzyme 2-mediated cardiac injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome and pulmonary embolism. They all are increasing preload and provoking RV failure. So, decrease in mortality and improvement in patient outcomes in COVID-19 patients can be achieved by early detection and management of right ventricle dysfunction. There is lack of data from the central India, so the study is being conducted.
Age Estimation through Root Maturation of Right Mandibular 3rd Molar by Using Improved Gleiser and Hunt Technique
Authors: Sushanthi L. Casilda , Arthanari Abirami , Ramani Pratibha
Published: February 2022

Background: Determination of sex, age, race, and stature are the first steps in firmly identifying a cadaver. As a result, assessing age is important, and the estimation should be as authentic as possible. Age determination is also crucial at this stage of human remains discovered during archaeology because it enables us to evaluate ancient population mortality rates. The dental age of an individual is crucial in determining one's age. It is often combined with skeletal age to enhance the accuracy of age estimation. Dental radiological imaging has been commonly used in age estimation as a noninvasive technology. On radiographs, determining age-related changes such as crown and root growth.

Materials and methods: The study samples were retrieved from DIAS of Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals between the retrospective months from November  2020 to February 2021. The study included 200 OPGs (100 females and 100 boys)  ranging in age from 10 to 19.9 years old. They were evaluated by using Modified Gleiser and Hunt method.

Results: The study reveals that the standard estimate error is low for the selected population which implies that the selected OPGs for the study and scoring of root maturation is proper, though there is no statistical significance.

Conclusion: By using this parameter involving the root maturation of 48 by radiographic view, the Forensic Odontologist can determine age which is the backbone of medicolegal cases.
Evaluation and Quantification of Resistant Gene in Antibiotic Resistant ESBL Producing E. coli in UTI Samples with Diabetes Mellitus: A Molecular Study
Authors: Chaudhary Anis Ahmad
Published: February 2022

In diabetic patients, urinary tract infections (UTIs) are more common and severe often caused by antibiotic resistance and carry worse consequences, due to high blood sugar level and frequent urination. High blood sugar provides favorable environment for the growth of pathogens and some other impairment in immune system, poor metabolic control and incomplete emptying bladder to enhance the risk of UTIs in the diabetic patients. Most of the UTIs are caused by multidrug resistant, Extended Spectrum β lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria mostly, Escherichiacoli (E. coli). The prevalence of UTIs caused by ESBL producing Multidrug Resistant (MDR) bacteria is a major global public health concern. The aim of this study was to identify the pattern of multidrug resistance and quantification of resistance genes amongst the E. coli isolates which were obtained from UTI patients with diabetes. ESBL producing stains were found 36% by using amoxicillin/clavulanic acid as a β lactamase inhibitor. Out of these stains, following antibiotics resistance rates were achieved with ampicillin, amoxicillin, amikacin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, chloramphenicol, ciproﬂoxacin, gentamicin, nitrofurantoin, norfloxacin, tetracycline and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid as 100%, and 0%, respectively. The ESBL encoding genes were characterized for CTX-M, TEM and SHV genes. CTX-M gene was found to have resistance in the E. coli isolates, some others genes as TEM and SHV respectively. These characterized genes were analyzed through PCR which is a rapid, sensitive and easy to interpret detection method. Among these isolates, CTX-M was significantly higher 85.4% in the ESBL positive strains (p < 0.05). TEM and SHV were found 12.8% and 6.5%, respectively. Early and proper diagnosis is necessary for the management of UTIs in diabetic patients in order to have an adequate treatment.
Nanobiotechnology and its Application in Vaccine Delivery
Authors: Farsi Reem
Published: February 2022

The term " Nanobiotechnology " refers to the use of nanotechnology in biological fields. Nanotechnology is a multidisciplinary area that is currently recruiting approaches, technologies, and capabilities from traditional and advanced engineering, physics, chemistry, and biology. Vaccination has made a huge difference in human health. Despite advances in this area, there is no effective vaccine for a large number of diseases, and some of the available ones do not offer long-term immunity. Numerous studies have been conducted recently to determine the feasibility of using nanostructures as an effective method for vaccine delivery, and the initial findings have been encouraging. So, in the present review, we will address which types of nanoparticles are appropriate for vaccine delivery and reveal and discuss the significance of virus-like particles (VLPs), liposomes, polymeric-based nanoparticles Polyanhydride-based nanoparticles for vaccine delivery. It is crucial to understand their size, shape, charge, porosity, and hydrophobic properties. In conclusion, nanotechnology will help to have a brief understanding of nanotechnology in the delivery of vaccines.  So, it could also motivate new strategies for human disease prevention or treatment.
Evaluation of Phytochemicals and Histochemicals of Cyperus rotandus and Its Thrombolytic Activity
Authors: Prabhu N. , Kiruthiga R. , Kowsalya R. , Jeevitha S. , Singh M. Vijay Pradhap , Archana A. , Gajendran T.
Published: February 2022

Plants are one of the most abundant sources of potentially useful chemical compounds and medicinal properties. As a result, over the last few decades, the market for plant research has been steadily increasing all over the world. The future pharmacological behaviours of Cyperus rotundus Linn. are assessed using a literature review as a basis. Extracts from various sections of the plant (aerial component, tuber, rhizomes, etc.) produce significant amounts of medicinal active compounds, as well as the chemical structures of phytochemical constituents. The aim of this analysis was to look into the thrombolytic action of Cyperus rotandus methanolic extracts. The fraction's thrombolytic effect was studied in clot lysis experiment. In a thrombolytic activity test, the extract caused 60 % lysis of the blood clot, compared to 70.10 % and 4.70 % lysis for the positive control (streptokinase) and negative control (saline water), respectively. As a result, the extract possessed significant thrombolytic activity. To determine which compounds are responsible for the current pharmacological activities, detailed pharmacological and phytochemical studies are needed. The phytochemical research revealed the presence of phytochemical constituents in various solvent fractions. The presence of these phytochemicals was found to be responsible for the plants' in-vitro thrombolytic action.
Apical Sealing Ability of Experimental Apatite Calcium Phosphate based Coated Gutta-percha Points
Authors: Al-Haddad Afaf , Kutty Muralithran , Ab Aziz Zeti Adura Che
Published: February 2022

Aims: This study aimed to assess the apical sealing ability of experimental apatite-coated gutta-percha points compared to various coated gutta-percha root filling materials.

Study Design: Experimental in-vitro study.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Malaya, June 2014 and November 2014.

Methodology: Ninety-six extracted permanent maxillary central incisors were standardized and prepared by ProTaper universal rotary files. The specimens were allocated into six groups (n=15) and filled using matching single cone technique as follows; EndoREZ points with EndoREZ sealer, Bioceramic coated points (BCGP), Active GP (ActiV GP), Conventional gutta-percha (GP), apatite coated GP (HAGP) all in combination with Endosequence BC sealer. The sixth group was filled using cold lateral compaction of Conventional GP and Endosequence BC sealer. The specimens were subjected to a dye leakage test. The remaining six teeth were divided equally to be used as a negative and positive control. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the post hoc Dunnett T3 test was performed for data analysis, and the significance value was set at P =.05.

Results: ActiV GP had the least leakage followed by BCGP, HAGP, cold lateral compaction, conventional GP, and EndoRez.

Conclusion: HAGP as root canal filling showed favourable sealing ability comparable to ActiV GP, BCGP, and conventional GP and it was superior to EndoREZ.
Comparative Evaluation of the Relationship between Different Anthropometric Measurements on the Face with the Mesiodistal Width of the Maxillary Central Incisor in Males and Females in Local Population in Pune, India
Authors: Shruti G. Thatte , Amit K. Jagtap
Published: February 2022

Aims: To compare the width of the central incisor obtained by the given formulae with the actual width of the central incisor in males and females and assess whether the interpupillary , interalar ,intercommisural and interlateral canthus widths are reliable anthropometric measurements to give an accurate value of the width of the central incisor in local population.

Study Design: Original Research.

Place and Duration of Study: Department Of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Pimpri, Pune. Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune – 411018, between June 2009 and July 2010.

Methodology: A total of 160 participants [Males=80; Females=80] were selected in the age group of 18-25 yrs which fulfilled the selection criteria. Informed consent was obtained from each student before participation. The following anthropometric measurements were performed: CW which is the mesiodistal width of the maxillary central incisor, interpupillary width (IPW) and the interalar width (IAW), intercommisural width (ICW) and interlateral canthus width (LCW) which were calculated using a digital vernier calliper. The differences and variables were studied by sex and the differences in the expected mesiodistal width of the central incisor by IPW/CW=6.6 and CW=IAW/4 with the real value was evaluated. The values were evaluated and the differences helped in determining whether these anthropometric measurements can be used as a guide for selection of artificial teeth in males and females in local population.

Results: As per this study conducted, in males & females there was statistically significant correlation between the width of the central incisors (CI) and the interalar width IAW (P value =0.043) and the interpupillary width IPW (P value =0.003) when calculated by formula CI=IAW/4 and CI=IPW/6.6. There was no statistically significant correlation between the width of the central incisor and the interlateral canthus width (LCW) and the intercommisural width (ICW).

Conclusion: There was significant correlation between the interalar width and interpupillary width and the width of the central incisor. Thus, interalar width, when divided by 4, and the interpupillary width when divided by 6.6 was a reliable predictor of the selection of the maxillary central incisor width in females and males in local population.
Evaluation of Repeated Dose (Sub Chronic) Toxicity Study of Shilasindur Prepared by Two Different Methods Along with Its Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Tirpude Barkha , Rathi Bharat , Rathi Renu , Khabade Swapnali
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Rasaushadhies (metal and mineral) preparations are unique preparations that include Bhasma, herbo-mineral preparations and Kupipakwa rasayana hold a significant place in Ayurvedic pharmaceutics. Nearly 70 % of formulations include a combination of one or more metallic/mineral with several herbs which have a supporting role in improving efficacy, relieving symptoms of the disease and to achieve long and healthy life. Shilasindur is a one of the Kupipakwa rasayana containing mercury, sulphur and arsenic disulphide and indicated in skin disorders, respiratory tract disorders and other infectious diseases.

Aim and Objectives: Evaluation of repeated dose (Sub chronic) toxicity study of Shilasindur along with its characterization and antimicrobial activity.

Materials & Methods: Shilasindur will be prepared in three batches as per classical reference and by using Electric Muffle furnace. The prepared formulation will be assessed with Organoleptic characters, physicochemical parameters and ICP – AES (Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy), FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy), XRD (X-Ray Diffraction). Sub chronic toxicity study will be carried out according to the OECD guidelines 408 and 452 as well as CCRAS guidelines of safety and toxicity.  Epsilometer test (E-test) will be used to check antimicrobial activity of Shilasindur.

Results: The analytical parameters will be assessed to establish the pharmaceutical standardization. Toxicity study will be done in three doses to ensure its safety. Statistical analysis will be done by applying unpaired t-test and ANOVA test.

Conclusion: If significant positive results obtained in this work then it will be a valuable contribution and evidence that the drug Shilasindur is safe for consumption at treatment doses.
A Study to Assess the Effect of an IB (Information Bundle) on Physiological Parameters among Patients Undergoing Upper GI Endoscopy
Authors: Pandey Sushma , Singh Seema
Published: February 2022

Background: Upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy is a common diagnostic procedure that plays central role in the practice of gastroenterology. It remains the first line of diagnostic modality for evaluation of Gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. It is a safe, commonly used investigation for the evaluation of wide range of upper GI lesions. Any type of surgery or an invasive procedure can cause stress to an individual. Whenever, exposed to such procedures, stress would definitely occur. Stress is expressed through altered physiological functions such as changes in blood pressure, pulse rate, respiratory rate. Information Bundle helps to minimize stress and stabilize physiological parameters during procedure among endoscopy patients.

Aim: Of this study is to evaluate the effect of information bundle on physiological parameters among upper Gastrointestinal endoscopy patients.

Methods: Two group pretest posttest research design was used. Sample was selected through convenient purposive sampling technique and total number of samples were equally divided in experimental and control group. 

Results and Discussion: The majority of the patients were from age group 39 years and above. The post intervention means cores showed an improvement in the physiological parameters in experimental group and calculated ‘t’ values were statistically significant at 0.05 level of significance(p<0.05).

Conclusion: The Information Bundle was found effective in stabilizing the physiological parameters of patients during endoscopy.
Using Safe Calculated Low Power of Electrons to Cut, Analyze and Exterminate the Outer and Inner Biological Elements of SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV-2 and Influenza viruses in Vitro
Authors: Madboly Waleed Ezzat , Shehata Magdi Gebril , M. Nashed Michael Sobhy , Abu-Dief Ahmed M.
Published: February 2022

Background: The treatment of pneumonia viruses with antiviral drugs produced mild to severe side effects until the immune system worked against the invaded virus.

Objective: Therefore, it is crucial to develop an efficient alternative therapy with lower side effects against infection of pneumonia viruses.

Methods: We hereby designated a novel device termed a a Life Restoration Device (LRD to produce electric frequencies with lower potential. The electric frequencies cancan specifically destroy the nucleic acid materials and viral envelope rather than the plasma of the infected cell. Using a glass tube model the infected cells with propagated viruses were filled in the glass tube and two nickel-coated copper rods were inserted into both ends. Then the two rods were connected into the LRD. Lower potential electric frequencies were applied for 30 min and 60 min onto the infected cells.

Results: The treatment of the infected cell culture of MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 using LRD for 30 min significantly reduced the viral infectivity to 83% and 22% respectively. After 60 min of MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 exposure to LRD, the infectivity reduced to 21% and 1% respectively. Additionally, based on the data of transmission electron microscopy of the H5N1 virus and electrophoretic patterns of different types of viruses, the nucleic acid materials of the treated viruses were reduced based on the non-treated viruses. The electric frequencies sensitivity produced by LRD can reduce the fluidity of the viral envelope rather than the plasma membrane of the infected cells.

Conclusion: Treatment of pneumonia viruses with electric stimulation is a new alternative therapy but needs more investigations. The data obtained from this study is important to develop an effective alternative viral therapy.
Reactive Oxygen Species and Eye Aging in Cataracts through Biomolecular Mechanisms
Authors: Pacheco Arturo Iván Pérez
Published: February 2022

The cataractogenesis process and the novel mechanisms involved in its progression make us question that the only solution today presented for its resolution is through a surgical procedure. The unveiling of such interesting and intricate machinery in the lens opacification occupies not only the ophthalmologists field, but also biology, molecular, and biochemistry areas. The animal models, experimental and theoretically, have done their best try to present what appears to be an irreparable and unstoppable process nowadays. The crystalline lens opacification is chronic and progressively damaged due to the loss of balance between the production and elimination of free reactive oxygen species (ROS), the attempts to stop or slow down this overproduction or lack of elimination lie in study material from disciplines as complex as cancer pathways. The execution of this review article was possible through metasearch engines like Wiley Online Library, EBSCO, Cochrane, Clinical key and MEDLINE PubMed (National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health), to retrieve studies from January 2021 to January 2022, following PRISMA guidelines, with a special affinity to systematic reviews and meta-analysis. MeSH Terms associated with "Cataract AND Reactive Oxygen Species". This work constitutes an integral cataractogenesis view in the development of future therapeutic scopes. The world population especially in Europe is aging at a rapid rate, in this sense is necessary to consider a root potential solution and not palliative strategies in ophthalmology for the next generations. The compendium of procedures presented already supposed to open a new panorama to a clearer world, a world without senile cataracts. Time is vision.
Wafer‐Scale Integration
Authors: Safari Yousef , Vaisband Boris
Published: February 2022

The key challenges of on‐chip integration, including limited scalability, high cost, difficulty to maintain profitable yield, and increased thermal management complexity, suggest that additional avenues for scaling should be explored. Wafer‐scale integration is the extension of the system‐on‐chip approach to ultralarge systems. A comprehensive review of this transition from the standpoint of packaging, thermal management, and system integration is presented in this article. The benefits and challenges of wafer‐scale integration are discussed. Silicon interconnect fabric, a promising platform for high‐performance heterogeneous wafer‐scale integration, is introduced.
Disease Features and Gastrointestinal Microbial Composition in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis from Two Independent Cohorts
Authors: Andréasson Kristofer , Lee S. Melanie , Lagishetty Venu , Wu Meifang , Howlett Natalie , English James , Hesselstrand Roger , Clements Philip J. , Jacobs Jonathan P. , Volkmann Elizabeth R.
Published: February 2022

Objective

The study objective was to examine alterations in gastrointestinal (GI) microbial composition in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) and to investigate the relationship between SSc features and GI microbiota using two independent, international cohorts.

Methods

Prospective patients with SSc from Lund University (LU), Sweden, from the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), United States, and control subjects provided stool specimens for 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. Alpha and beta diversity analyses were performed. Multivariate negative binomial models identified differentially abundant genera between groups.

Results

Patients from LU with SSc (n = 106) with recent SSc diagnosis (median disease duration 2.0 years) had lower abundance of commensal genera (eg,Faecalibacterium) and higher abundance of pathobiont genera (eg,Desulfovibrio) than LU‐controls (n = 85). Patients from UCLA with SSc (n = 71) had a similar prevalence of females, a similar body mass index, and similar age but an increased disease duration (median 7.1 years) compared with patients from LU with SSc. Factors associated with beta diversity in patients with SSc from both LU and UCLA included disease duration (P = 0.0016), interstitial lung disease (P = 0.003), small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (P = 0.002), and immunosuppression use (P = 0.014). In multivariable analysis, the UCLA‐SSc cohort had higher abundance of specific pathobiont genera (eg,Streptococcus) compared with the LU‐SSc cohort.

Conclusion

Enrichments and depletions in certain microbial genera were observed in patients recently diagnosed with SSc, suggesting that dysbiosis is present in early SSc. Specific disease features were independently associated with fecal microbial composition in both cohorts. After controlling for these factors, the abundance of several pathobiont bacteria differed between the cohorts, suggesting that environmental factors, along with disease manifestations, should be considered in future SSc studies.
Active‐Matrix Sensing Array Assisted with Machine‐Learning Approach for Lumbar Degenerative Disease Diagnosis and Postoperative Assessment
Authors: Liu Di , Zhang Dongli , Sun Zhuoran , Zhou Siyu , Li Wei , Li Chengyu , Li Weishi , Tang Wei , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: February 2022

Lumbar degenerative disease (LDD) refers to the nerve compression syndrome such as neurogenic intermittent claudication and lower limb pain, which disturbs people's daily life, and its incidence increases with age. Traditional diagnosis often employs magnetic response imaging or other imaging examinations. But the radiological data have uncertain clinical correlation and often be overemphasized in clinical decision making. Here, an active‐matrix sensing array (AMSA) is proposed to measure plantar pressure during walking, in order to improve LDD diagnostic processes. An array of piezoelectric sensors with high robustness are assembled. Combined with a support vector machine (SVM) supervised learning algorithm, the system can classify the common human motions of half‐squat, squat, jump, walk and jog with an accuracy up to 99.2%, demonstrating its capability of recognizing personal activities. More importantly, in 62 clinical samples of lumbar degenerative patients, the system can perform an artificial intelligence diagnosis, achieving an accuracy of 100% with an area under receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.998, and also gives out recovery assessments after surgery. Since the personal plantar pressure is also indicative of other diseases, such as diabetes and fasciitis, the system can be extended to other medical aspects, showing a broad impact in biomedical engineering.
Supported Lipid Bilayers Coupled to Organic Neuromorphic Devices Modulate Short‐Term Plasticity in Biomimetic Synapses
Authors: Lubrano Claudia , Bruno Ugo , Ausilio Chiara , Santoro Francesca
Published: February 2022

Synaptic plasticity is a fundamental process for neuronal communication and is involved in neurodegeneration. This process has been recently exploited to inspire the design of next‐generation bioelectronic platforms. Neuromorphic devices have emerged as ideal candidates in mimicking brain functionalities, thanks to their ionic‐to‐electronic signal transduction, biocompatibility, and their ability to display short‐ and long‐term memory as biological synapses. However, these devices still fail in bridging the gap between electronics and biological systems due to the lack of biomimetic features. Here, a biomembrane‐based organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) is implemented and the supported‐lipid‐bilayer‐mediated short‐term depression of the device is investigated. After morphological and electrical characterization of the lipid bilayer, its ionic barrier behavior is exploited to enhance the neuromorphic operation of the OECT. Such biomimetic neuromorphic devices pave the way toward the implementation of synapses‐resembling in vitro platforms to investigate and characterize neurodegenerative processes involving synaptic plasticity loss.
How to Make a Surface Act as a Micropump
Authors: Bekir Marek , Sharma Anjali , Umlandt Maren , Lomadze Nino , Santer Svetlana
Published: February 2022

In this paper, the phenomenon of light‐driven diffusioosmotic (DO) long‐range attractive and repulsive interactions between micro‐sized objects trapped near a solid wall is investigated. The range of the DO flow extends several times the size of microparticles and can be adjusted to point towards or away from the particle by varying irradiation parameters such as intensity or wavelength of light. The “fuel” of the light‐driven DO flow is a photosensitive surfactant which can be photo‐isomerized between trans and cis‐states. The trans‐isomer tends to accumulate at the interface, while the cis‐isomer prefers to stay in solution. In combination with a dissimilar photo‐isomerization rate at the interface and in bulk, this yields a concentration gradient of the isomers around single particles resulting in local light‐driven diffusioosmotic (l‐LDDO) flow. Here, the extended analysis of the l‐LDDO flow as a function of irradiation parameters by introducing time‐dependent development of the concentration excess of isomers near the particle surface is presented. It is also demonstrated that the l‐LDDO can be generated at any solid/liquid interface being more pronounced in the case of strongly absorbing material. This phenomenon has plenty of potential applications since it makes any type of surface act as a micropump.
Relay Rhodium(I)/Acid Catalysis for Rapid Access to Benzo‐2H‐Pyrans and Benzofurans
Authors: Zhu Huilong , Zhou Qianqian , Liu Na , Xing Junhao , Yao Weijun , Dou Xiaowei
Published: February 2022

Relay rhodium(I)/Brønsted acid catalysis for tandem arylation−cyclization reaction was developed. Chemodivergent syntheses of benzo‐2H‐pyrans and benzofurans from propargyl alcohols and ortho‐hydroxylated arylboronic acids were achieved under this relay catalysis system. An ortho‐hydroxy effect on changing the chemoselectivity and reactivity was observed.

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