bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stress-Constrained Design of Functionally Graded Lattice Structures With Spline-Based Dimensionality Reduction
Authors: Zhang Jenmy Zimi , Sharpe Conner , Seepersad Carolyn Conner
Published: February 2020

This paper presents a computationally tractable approach for designing lattice structures for stiffness and strength. Yielding in the mesostructure is determined by a worst-case stress analysis of the homogenization simulation data. This provides a physically meaningful, generalizable, and conservative way to estimate structural failure in three-dimensional functionally graded lattice structures composed of any unit cell architectures. Computational efficiency of the design framework is ensured by developing surrogate models for the unit cell stiffness and strength as a function of density. The surrogate models are then used in the coarse-scale analysis and synthesis. The proposed methodology further uses a compact representation of the material distribution via B-splines, which reduces the size of the design parameter space while ensuring a smooth density variation that is desirable for manufacturing. The proposed method is demonstrated in compliance with minimization studies using two types of unit cells with distinct mechanical properties. The effects of B-spline mesh refinement and the presence of a stress constraint on the optimization results are also investigated.
A Novel Two-Layer and Two-Loop Deployable Linkage With Accurate Vertical Straight-Line Motion
Authors: Cao Wen-ao , Zhang De , Ding Huafeng
Published: February 2020

This paper presents a novel two-layer and two-loop spatial deployable linkage which can only accurately output vertical straight-line motion. First, the degree-of-freedom (DOF) of the linkage is analyzed based on structure decomposition and screw theory, and the characteristic of the straight-line motion of the linkage is verified by checking the output twist of the end platform. Then, the kinematic model of the mechanism is established based on the conditions of the straight-line motion and the single DOF. Finally, several potentially typical applications of the linkage are exhibited. The straight-line linkage has relatively simple joint layouts and kinematics model and can be used as a deployable unit to construct some special deployable mechanisms.
A Decomposition-Based Optimization Algorithm for Combined Plant and Control Design of Interconnected Dynamic Systems
Authors: Behtash Mohammad , Alexander-Ramos Michael J.
Published: February 2020

Strong coupling of the physical and control parts within complex dynamic systems should be addressed by integrated design approaches that can manage such interactions. Otherwise, the final solution will be suboptimal or even infeasible. Combined design and control (co-design) methods can tackle this issue by managing the mentioned interactions and can result in superior optimal solutions. Current co-design methods are applicable to simplified non-interconnected systems; however, these methods might be impractical or even impossible to apply to real-world interconnected dynamic systems, hindering designers from obtaining the system-level optimal solutions. This work addresses this issue by developing an optimization algorithm which combines a decomposition-based optimization strategy known as analytical target cascading (ATC) with a co-design-centric formulation of multidisciplinary dynamic system design optimization (MDSDO). Considering the time-dependent linking variables among the dynamic systems’ components, a new consistency measure has also been proposed to manage such quantities in the optimization process. Finally, a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle powertrain, representative of an interconnected dynamic system, has been studied to validate the new algorithm’s results against the conventional all-at-once (AAO) MDSDO. Although the numerical results from the ATC-MDSDO slightly deviate from those in the AAO-MDSDO, this method can play a crucial role as a benchmark when the AAO solution is unattainable or a distributed design paradigm is required.
Technology-Oriented Synchronous Optimal Design of a 4-Degrees-of-Freedom High-Speed Parallel Robot
Authors: Han Gang , Xie Fugui , Liu Xin-Jun , Meng Qizhi , Zhang Sai
Published: February 2020

Parameters optimization is complicated by various parameters and nonlinear design problems. In this paper, the interaction mechanism of motion/force transmissibility and various parameters on normalized motor torque and speed of a four degrees-of-freedom (4-DOF) high-speed parallel robot is analyzed. Based on this interaction mechanism, evaluation indices of acceleration capacity, speed ability, and adept cycle time are proposed. Through combining these indices with task requirements and technical criteria of driving systems, the technology-oriented constraints are set up and a parameter optimization method is proposed. With this method, the dimensional parameters, driving system specifications, and work pose of the robot have been synchronously optimized to ensure low driving torque and high pick-and-place frequency. This synchronous optimal design method is general and can be further applied to parameter optimization for different types of parallel robots.
Continuous Fracture Mediated Tension Behaviors of Silicone–Carbon Nanotube Laminated Structure
Authors: Cheng Xin , Dang Fei , Liu Jingran , Lu Weibang , Liu Yilun
Published: February 2020

In this work, we have studied the uniaxial tension behaviors of the silicone–carbon nanotube (CNT) laminated structure (SCLS) with the load capacity of the CNT film comparable to that of silicone rubber, based on which a theoretical model is proposed to explore the underlying mechanism. The uniaxial tension behaviors of SCLS can be clearly divided into three stages corresponding to the uniform deformation of silicone rubber and CNT film, continuous fracture of CNT film, and uniaxial tension of silicone rubber, respectively. A zigzag plateau stress is observed in stage II. Indeed, the CNT film can act as a pinning ligament to constrain the deformation of silicone rubber, while its continuous fracture can gradually release the deformability of silicone rubber which is beneficial to increase the toughness of SCLS. By considering the in-plane tension stress of the CNT film and interface shear stress transfer, a continuous fracture and pinning model is proposed which can describe the uniaxial tension behaviors of SCLS very well. The results presented herein may shed useful insights for the design and optimization of the film-substrate based stretchable electronics.
Life Balance-Considered Matching Optimization Method for Remanufactured Parts
Authors: Xia Xuhui , Wang Shuping , Zhang Zelin , Wang Lei , Gong Yuan
Published: February 2020

In the manufacturing process of remanufactured products, balancing the life between their components is one of the important measures to achieve full utilization of waste components and sustainable economic development. In order to prolong the life cycle of remanufactured products and increase the life of parts and components, a life balance-considered matching optimization method is proposed for remanufactured parts in the process of components matching. By comprehensively considering the life matching degree of remanufactured parts and the matching success rate, a life balance-considered matching optimization model is established for remanufactured parts. We adopted an improved ant colony algorithm to solve the proposed matching model to get multiple sets of optimal component combinations with minimal life deviations between component combinations. The correctness of the model and the effectiveness of the algorithm are verified by taking the gear reducer component matching process as an example.
Study on Gap Phenomena Before and After the Breakout Event of Fast Electrical Discharge Machining Drilling
Authors: Xia Weiwen , Zhang Yaou , Chen Mo , Zhao Wansheng
Published: February 2020

Fast electrical discharge drilling is broadly used to manufacture small holes on molds, dies, filters, and automobile and aerospace components. Breakout is the event when the tool electrode reaches the opposite surface of the workpiece. When a breakout happens, the machining efficiency drops sharply and the process becomes unstable. To gain a deep understanding of the breakout process, this paper observed the gap phenomena before and after the breakout with cameras through a quartz glass flake. Experiments were conducted on the workpiece tilted to 45 deg. From the observation, it was found that the deformation of the electrode was not negligible. The electrode would vibrate or shake before and after the breakout. Side-gap sparks were common in the process, and even more were observed after the breakout. The fluid flow in the discharge gap and the side gap did not vanish immediately when a breakout happened and could still evacuate debris for a short period. The debris gradually accumulated as the fluid flow in the gap vanished. A series of simulations were conducted to study the fluid flow and debris movement after the breakout. And simulations were also performed to find the influence on electrode vibration of high-pressure flush fluid and discharge location. The results of simulations agreed well with the observed phenomena. From the observation and simulation results, the deformation or vibration of the electrode and the accumulation of debris were found to be the main factors that led to the low machining efficiency after the breakout.
Hybrid Nonlinear Variation Modeling of Compliant Metal Plate Assemblies Considering Welding Shrinkage and Angular Distortion
Authors: Liu Changhui , Liu Tao , Du Juan , Zhang Yansong , Lai Xinmin , Shi Jianjun
Published: February 2020

Ship assembly involves thousands of large dimensional compliant metal plates. These compliant metal plates are fully welded together by seam welding in the assembly process. Different from the automobile and aerospace assembly process, the final variation of ship assembly is significantly influenced by the geometric nonlinearity and welding deformation generated during the seam welding process. This paper develops a nonlinear variation model (NVM) to consider the geometric nonlinearity, welding shrinkage, and angular distortion based on elastic mechanics. Furthermore, the nonlinear variation model is calibrated by the composite Gaussian process (CGP) to compensate for other factors that are not considered in the nonlinear variation model. The proposed model is validated by a case study on the deviation prediction of an assembly of two compliant metal plates and compared with the existing methods. The results show that the proposed model has a significant improvement in prediction accuracy of assembly deviation.
Accuracy of ultrasonography in detecting gastrointestinal tract obstructions in children; a prospective study in a tertiary referral hospital
Authors: Hajalioghli Parisa , Aslanabadi Saeid , Vafaei Aghdam Mostafa , Fadaei Fouladi Daniel
Published: February 2020

Aims: To examine the diagnostic accuracy of plain radiography, abdominal ultrasonography (US), and their combination in pediatric patients with suspected gastrointestinal (GI) tract obstruction.Material and methods: A cohort of 48 patients (age, 0-14 years, 27 boys) with clinical manifestations of GI tract obstruction underwent plain radiography and abdominal US examination. The final diagnoses were based on intraoperative findings, rectal biopsies (in Hirschsprung’s disease), or adequate follow-ups.Results: The GI tract obstruction was diagnosed in 40 patients. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of plain radiography in diagnosing GI tract obstruction were 87.5%, 75.0%, 94.6%, and 54.6%, respectively. The corresponding values were 95%, 100%, 100%, and 80%, respectively when US was used alone; and 97.5%, 100%, 100% and 88.9%, respectively when radiography and US were used together. Except for two patients (one with Hirschsprung’s disease and the other with massive peritonitis), US detected the underlying causes of obstruction correctly in all patients.Conclusions: US is a highly sensitive and specific modality in diagnosing pediatric GI tract obstructions, as well as their causes. The combination of plain radiography and US further increase the diagnostic sensitivity and negative predictive value.
Atomic layer deposition of high purity Ga2O3 films using liquid pentamethylcyclopentadienyl gallium and combinations of H2O and O2 plasma
Authors: Mizutani Fumikazu , Higashi Shintaro , Inoue Mari , Nabatame Toshihide
Published: February 2020

The liquid compound pentamethylcyclopentadienyl gallium (GaCp*) exhibits several notable characteristics, including a relatively high vapor pressure and thermal stability up to 250 °C. Using it as a precursor, Ga2O3 thin films can be deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD), with the combination of oxidants of H2O followed by O2 plasma (WpO), where H2O is used to desorb the ligand, and O2 plasma then oxidizes the surface Ga species. A self-limiting surface reaction during the ABC-type ALD process applying GaCp*, H2O, and O2 plasma in order was observed with no delay in nucleation for pulse times for GaCp*, H2O, and O2 plasma of 0.1, 3.0, and 50 s, respectively, at a growth temperature of 200 °C. The growth rate was 0.06 nm/cycle. ALD-Ga2O3 deposition was possible even if only O2 plasma was used as an oxidant, though it takes a very long time for the oxidation by O2 plasma to reach saturation. On the other hand, when no O2 plasma was used, no film could be deposited using H2O and O2 in any combination. Ga2O3 films deposited by ALD using the WpO oxidant exhibited a stoichiometric O/Ga ratio of 1.5, with negligible residual carbon and an amorphous structure. These results show that GaCp* is a promising candidate precursor for forming high quality Ga2O3 films.
Higher-order spatial correlation coefficients of ultrasonic backscattering signals using partial cross-correlation analysis
Authors: Song Yongfeng , Kube Christopher M. , Zhang Jie , Li Xiongbing
Published: February 2020

The spatial correlation properties of ultrasonic backscattering signals in random media have important implications. For example, they can be used for microstructural characterization and flaw detection in engineering materials. However, the traditional spatial correlation coefficient (SCC) is only a leading order quantity that does not capture the true spatial correlations of random media. This is caused by neglecting confounding variables such as non-zero means or other non-zero odd-order moments. Here, the SCC is generalized from zeroth- to general-order through partial cross-correlation analysis. A series of indicators are defined to quantify the SCC curve at zero time lag, and the maximum time shift curve, which are both functions of lateral separation between two sensor positions. A stainless-steel specimen and a focused ultrasonic transducer are used to verify the method. Scattering measurements show that the higher-order SCC can consistently capture spatial correlations whereas the zeroth-order SCC is inadequate. The zeroth-order SCC is shown to predict a step size that can be more than six times too large. Thus, the present method can provide better understanding of statistical correlations and conditions to measure uncorrelated backscattering signals.
Impact of Exercise Timing on Chemosensory Response, Appetite, and Energy Intake in Lean Males
Authors: Josaphat Kapria-Jad , Drapeau Vicky , Thivel David , Mathieu Marie-Eve
Published: February 2020

Background: High-intensity exercise can have an anorectic impact, leading to negative energy balance. Several studies have reported that the practice of physical activity could also cause a shift in perceptions and preferences, causing a change in food intakes. Objective: This study aimed to question to what extent the timing of exercise in relation to a meal could have an impact on olfaction and gustation, appetite, and food choices. Methods: Twelve males aged 25 (4) years with a body mass index of 22.4 (2.0) kg/m2 attended two experimental visits in a counterbalanced fashion. The participants consumed a standardized breakfast between 7:00 and 7:30 a.m. and were subjected to smell and taste tests upon arrival at the laboratory (8:30 a.m.). In the EX9:40 visit, the participants performed a 30-min exercise session (70% of maximum oxygen uptake) at 9:40 a.m., followed by a 90-min sedentary break. In EX10:30, the participants first took part in the 90-min sedentary break and then performed the 30-min exercise session at 10:30 a.m. Taste and smell tests were performed again at 11:40 a.m., immediately followed by an ad libitum buffet-style meal. Visual analog scales were used to report appetite sensations during the session and satiety quotients around the lunch. Results: There was no difference in energy intakes between the EX9:40 (596 [302] kcal) and EX10:30 (682 [263] kcal) conditions (p = .459). There was no condition effect for the taste and smell sensations (all ps > .05), appetite sensation, or satiety quotients around the meal (all ps > .05). Conclusion: Exercise timing in the morning had no effect on taste and smell perceptions, appetite sensations, or energy intakes.
Core Temperature Responses to Elite Racewalking Competition
Authors: Stevens Christopher John , Ross Megan L. , Périard Julien D. , Vallance Brent S. , Burke Louise M.
Published: February 2020

Purpose: The core temperature responses during exercise and effects of different cooling strategies on endurance performance under heat stress have been investigated in recreational athletes. This investigation aimed to determine peak rectal temperatures during elite racewalking competitions and to detail any cooling strategies used. Methods: Rectal temperature was measured in 14 heat-adapted elite/preelite race walkers (9 females) via a telemetric capsule across 4 outdoor events, including the 2018 Commonwealth Games (race 1: 20 km, 25°C, 74% relative humidity [RH], n = 2) and 3 International Association of Athletics Federations–sanctioned 10-km events (race 2: 19°C, 34% RH, n = 2; race 3: 29°C, 47% RH, n = 14; and race 4: 23°C, 72% RH, n = 11). All athletes completed race 3, and a subsample completed the other events. Their use of cooling strategies and symptoms of heat illness were determined. Results: Peak rectal temperatures >40°C were observed in all events. The highest rectal temperature observed during an event was 41.2°C. These high rectal temperatures were observed without concomitant heat illness, with the exception of cramping in one athlete during race 1. The rectal temperatures tended to reach a steady state in the second half of the 20-km event, but no steady state was observed in the 10-km events. The athletes used cooling strategies in race 1 only, implementing different combinations of cold-water immersion, ice-slurry ingestion, ice-towel application, ice-vest application, and facial water spraying. Conclusions: Elite/preelite race walkers experience rectal temperatures >40°C during competition despite only moderate-warm conditions, and even when precooling and midcooling strategies are applied.
Longitudinal Associations Between Psychosocial, Home, and Neighborhood Factors and Children’s Physical Activity
Authors: Dowda Marsha , Saunders Ruth P. , Colabianchi Natalie , Dishman Rod K. , McIver Kerry L. , Pate Russell R.
Published: February 2020

Background: Physical activity (PA) provides important health benefits to children, and a large percentage of children’s PA occurs at home. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between psychosocial, home, and neighborhood environmental factors and children’s reported PA at home and in the neighborhood, during the transition from elementary to high school. Methods: A total of 555 participants (44% boys) were recruited in grade 5 and followed through grades 6, 7, and 9. Children self-reported PA in 3 locations—at home, in the neighborhood, and on the street. Children reported parent support and neighborhood environment, parents reported PA equipment, and a windshield survey assessed incivilities and outside PA equipment. Longitudinal Poisson models evaluated the relationships between environmental variables and 3 self-reported PA variables, adjusting for gender, race/ethnicity, and parent education. Results: Parent support and PA equipment were significant positive predictors of home PA. Child’s perceived environment (positive) and incivilities (negative) were significant predictors of neighborhood PA. Parental support, perceived environment, and outside PA equipment were positive significant predictors of street PA. Conclusions: This study supports the need for both family and community/neighborhood PA interventions that encourage parents to support child PA and for communities to reduce incivilities.
Comprehensive Policies to Support Comprehensive Practices: Physical Activity in Elementary Schools
Authors: Calvert Hannah G. , Turner Lindsey , Leider Julien , Piekarz-Porter Elizabeth , Chriqui Jamie F.
Published: February 2020

Background: Schools are a setting in which students learn about the importance of lifelong physical activity (PA). Best practice guidelines indicate that schools should provide students with adequate physical education (PE) minutes and opportunities to engage in PA throughout the school day. Methods: Data from the nationally representative School Nutrition and Meal Cost Study in 2014–2015 were utilized to assess PA practices (including PE) at 412 public elementary schools. These data were linked to state- and district-level policy data from the National Wellness Policy Study to examine the relationships between state law and school district policies and school practices. Results: Just over half of the schools were in a state with a policy regarding PE minutes. The comprehensiveness and strength of PA policies were higher at the district level than the state level, but were still low overall. Comprehensiveness of PA policies at the state level, but not at the district level, was related to schools within those states that provide more PA practices. Conclusions: Existence of PE and PA policies at the state level appears to be an important predictor of school PA practices. Having more comprehensive policies at the state level may be an important facilitator of school implementation of comprehensive PA practices.
Association of Decline in Physical Activity With Increased Negative Mood Following the Weight-Loss Phase in Women Enrolled in a Cognitive Behavioral Obesity Treatment
Authors: Annesi James J.
Published: February 2020

Background: Physical activity (PA)–related mood improvement is important because it positively affects predictors of weight-management behaviors. Methods: Decline in PA, mood, and exercise self-efficacy after an initial 6 months of gains were assessed in 93 women in a behavioral obesity treatment. Results: Reduction in change in PA during months 6 to 24, but not actual PA, significantly predicted increased negative mood. For participants whose negative mood increased, their 7 days per week PA regimens were reduced by ∼2.5 days per week versus ∼1 day per week without an increase. Exercise self-efficacy significantly mediated the PA–mood change relationship. Conclusions: Mood-related benefits of sustaining PA beyond initial treatment months were clarified.
The
parkin-coregulated gene
product PACRG promotes TNF signaling by stabilizing LUBAC
Authors: Meschede Jens , Šadić Maria , Furthmann Nikolas , Miedema Tim , Sehr Dominik A. , Müller-Rischart A. Kathrin , Bader Verian , Berlemann Lena A. , Pilsl Anna , Schlierf Anita , Barkovits Katalin , Kachholz Barbara , Rittinger Katrin , Ikeda Fumiyo , Marcus Katrin , Schaefer Liliana , Tatzelt Jörg , Winklhofer Konstanze F.
Published: February 2020

PACRG can functionally substitute for the LUBAC adaptor subunit SHARPIN to stimulate NF-κB signaling.
Probing the mutational landscape of regulators of G protein signaling proteins in cancer
Authors: DiGiacomo Vincent , Maziarz Marcin , Luebbers Alex , Norris Jillian M. , Laksono Pandu , Garcia-Marcos Mikel
Published: February 2020

Cancer-associated mutations in RGS proteins impair their ability to inhibit G protein signaling.
Microbiome studies in the medical sciences and the need for closer multidisciplinary interplay
Authors: Mancini Nicasio , Peri Francesco , Rescigno Maria , Zanoni Ivan
Published: February 2020

An upcoming conference focuses on more interplay between researchers and clinicians studying microbiota.
Development of a Multiplex Real-Time PCR Assay for Rapid Detection of Tigecycline Resistance Gene
tet
(X) Variants from Bacterial, Fecal, and Environmental Samples
Authors: Fu Yulin , Liu Dejun , Song Huangwei , Liu Zhihai , Jiang Haiyang , Wang Yang
Published: February 2020

We developed a multiplex real-time SYBR green-based PCR assay for rapid detection of
tet
(X) and its variants, including
tet
(X1) and
tet
(X2) and high-level tigecycline resistance genes
tet
(X3),
tet
(X4), and
tet
(X5). We showed that the real-time PCR assay developed had high linearity (
R
2
≥ 0.996), sensitivity (low detection limit), and specificity (only the target gene could be amplified significantly) and further evaluated it using bacterial, fecal, and environmental samples.
Fast, Simple, and Cheap: the Kudoh-Ogawa Swab Method as an Alternative to the Petroff–Lowenstein-Jensen Method for Culturing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Franco-Sotomayor Greta , Rivera-Olivero Ismar A. , Leon-Benitez Margarita , Uruchima-Campoverde Sandra E. , Cardenas-Franco Greta , Perdomo-Castro Mercedes E. , Cardenas-Franco Camilo S. , Ortega-Vivanco Jackeline , Abad-Ruiz Ana S. , de Waard Jacobus H. , Garcia-Bereguiain Miguel Angel
Published: February 2020

The objective of this study was to compare the diagnostic yield of the Kudoh-Ogawa (K-O) swab method for the culturing of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
from clinical samples with the standard Petroff–Lowenstein-Jensen (P-LJ) procedure. A total of 2,287 sputum samples and 685 extrapulmonary clinical specimens were processed with both decontamination methods and compared for
M. tuberculosis
detection rate, recovery of
M. tuberculosis
colonies, and culture contamination.
Ovine Herpesvirus 2 Encodes a Previously Unrecognized Protein, pOv8.25, That Targets Mitochondria and Triggers Apoptotic Cell Death
Authors: Shrestha Neeta , Tobler Kurt , Uster Stephanie , Sigrist-Nagy Romina , Hierweger Melanie Michaela , Ackermann Mathias
Published: February 2020

Ovine herpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2) circulates among sheep without causing disease. However, upon transmission to cattle, the same virus instigates a frequently lethal disease, malignant catarrhal fever (MCF). While the cause of death and pathogenesis of tissue lesions are still poorly understood, MCF is characterized by the accumulation of lymphocytes in various tissues, associated with vasculitis and cell death. As infectious virus is hardly present in these lesions, the cause of cell death cannot be explained simply by viral replication. The significance of our research is in identifying and characterizing a previously overlooked gene of OvHV-2 (Ov8.25), which is highly expressed in animals with MCF. Its encoded protein targets mitochondria, causing apoptosis and necrosis, thus contributing to an understanding of the source and nature of cell death. As the corresponding genetic locus is also active in the context of MCF due to a different macavirus, we may have detected a common denominator of the disease phenotype.
Nanopore-Based Complete Genome Sequence of a Sri Lankan Cassava Mosaic Virus (
Geminivirus
) Strain from Thailand
Authors: Leiva Ana M. , Siriwan Wanwisa , Lopez-Alvarez Diana , Barrantes Israel , Hemniam Nuannapa , Saokham Kingkan , Cuellar Wilmer J.
Published: February 2020

Sri Lankan cassava mosaic virus is an emerging pathogen in Southeast Asia. Here, we report the complete genome of a Thai isolate obtained using Nanopore technology. The isolate was collected in 2019 from the northeastern province of Surin, soon after disease eradication was reported in the country.
Five Complete Genome Sequences Spanning the Dutch Streptococcus suis Serotype 2 and Serotype 9 Populations
Authors: van der Putten Boas C. L. , Roodsant Thomas J. , Haagmans Martin A. , Schultsz Constance , van der Ark Kees C. H.
Published: February 2020

The zoonotic pathogen
Streptococcus suis
can cause septicemia and meningitis in humans. We report five complete genomes of
Streptococcus suis
serotype 2 and serotype 9, covering the complete phylogeny of serotype 9 Dutch porcine isolates and zoonotic isolates. The isolates include the model strain S10 and the Dutch emerging zoonotic lineage.
Complete Genome Sequence of “
Candidatus
Syntrophocurvum alkaliphilum” Strain B(2M), Obtained from the Metagenome of a Salt-Tolerant Alkaliphilic Anaerobic Syntrophic Butyrate-Degrading Consortium
Authors: Mardanov Andrey V. , Sorokin Dmitry Y. , Beletsky Alexey V. , Ravin Nikolai V.
Published: February 2020

A highly salt-tolerant and alkaliphilic syntrophic consortium that degrades butyrate under sulfate-reducing conditions was purified from a hypersaline soda lake in southwest Siberia. Here, we present the complete genome sequence of the syntrophic primary butyrate degrader in order to understand the molecular mechanisms of interaction between consortium members.
Complete Genome Sequence of Salmonella enterica Siphophage Shemara
Authors: Chung Michael , Xie Yicheng , Newkirk Heather , Liu Mei , Gill Jason J. , Ramsey Jolene
Published: February 2020

Here, we present the annotated genome of Shemara, a siphophage of
Salmonella enterica
. The Shemara genome is 44 kb with 83 predicted protein-coding genes. At the nucleotide and amino acid levels, Shemara is most similar to phages in the
Guernseyvirinae
subfamily.
Draft Genome Sequences of Vibrio atypicus Strains DSM 25292
T
and TUMSAT1
Authors: Kawato Satoshi , Nozaki Reiko , Kondo Hidehiro , Hirono Ikuo
Published: February 2020

Vibrio atypicus
is a Gram-negative bacterium associated with the digestive tract of penaeid shrimp. Here, we present the draft genome sequences of two
V. atypicus
strains, DSM 25292
T
and TUMSAT1. Both assemblies were approximately 4.8 Mbp long, with GC contents of around 44%.
Implementation of a health surveillance clinic for children with Down syndrome
Authors: Lagan Niamh C , Mc Grane Fiona , Huggard Dean , Sharkey Jennifer , Purcell Claire , Balfe Joanne , Molloy Eleanor
Published: February 2020

The implementation of the multidisciplinary Down Syndrome Health Surveillance clinic at Children’s Health Ireland at Tallaght, Dublin has shown significant improvements in the adherence to guidelines as well as providing health promotion strategies such as information on immunisations. Our project provides a framework which would be potentially emulated and used in other medical conditions. The reduction in clinic attendances and co-ordination of same-day appointments has improved parental satisfaction as well as the quality of care.
Comparison of early versus late laser goniopuncture following deep sclerectomy for the management of open-angle glaucoma
Authors: Holmes David , Hui Michelle Mei Pik , Clement Colin
Published: February 2020

Purpose

To compare the outcome of early versus late Nd:YAG laser goniopuncture (LGP) after deep sclerectomy with mitomycin C (DSMMC) for open-angle glaucoma (OAG).

Methods

A retrospective study of consecutive OAG eyes that underwent a LGP following DSMMC was recruited between June 2012 and November 2015. Success was defined as intraocular pressure (IOP) less than 21, 18 or 15 mm Hg with a reduction of more than 20% IOP from baseline without (complete success) or with medications (qualified success).

Results

99 eyes with OAG that underwent DSMMC were recruited into the study. Of these, 49 eyes (49.49%) had undergone LGP post-DSMMC. IOP was significantly reduced following LGP from 28.4 to 11.8 mm Hg. Comparison of Kaplan-Meier survival curves out to 60 months after LGP showed a trend towards better outcomes in the late LGP group with the only statistically significant difference noted for qualified success with IOP target <15 mm Hg. Complications were few with no difference noted between early and late LGP groups.

Conclusion

There appears to be a trend towards late LGP being more effective after DSMMC when compared with early LGP; this however was not significant. This study corroborates previous published data confirming LGP is an effective and safe procedure for lowering IOP post-DSMMC procedure.
Fifteen-week window for recurrent muscle strains in football: a prospective cohort of 3600 muscle strains over 23 years in professional Australian rules football
Authors: Orchard John W , Chaker Jomaa Mohammad , Orchard Jessica J , Rae Katherine , Hoffman Daniel Tyler , Reddin Tom , Driscoll Tim
Published: February 2020

Objectives

To determine the rates of muscle strain injury recurrence over time after return to play in Australian football and to quantify risk factors.

Methods

We analysed Australian Football League player data from 1992 to 2014 for rates of the four major muscle strain injury types (hamstring, quadriceps, calf and groin) diagnosed by team health professionals. Covariates for analysis were: recent history (≤8 weeks) of each of the four muscle strains; non-recent history (>8 weeks) of each; history of hip, knee anterior cruciate ligament, knee cartilage, ankle sprain, concussion or lumbar injury; age; indigenous race; match level and whether a substitute rule was in place.

Results

3647 (1932 hamstring, 418 quadriceps, 458 calf and 839 groin) muscle strain injuries occurred in 272 759 player matches. For all muscle strains combined, the risk of injury recurrence gradually reduced, with recurrence risks of 9% (hamstring), 5% (quadriceps), 2% (calf) and 6% (groin) in the first match back and remaining elevated for 15 weeks after return to play. The strongest risk factor for each muscle injury type was a recent history of the same injury (hamstring: adjusted OR 13.1, 95% CI 11.5 to 14.9; calf OR 13.3, 95% CI 9.6 to 18.4; quadriceps: OR 25.2, 95% CI 18.8 to 33.8; groin OR 20.6, 95% CI 17.0 to 25.0), followed by non-recent history of the same injury (hamstring: adjusted OR 3.5, 95% CI 3.2 to 3.9; calf OR 4.4, 95% CI 3.6 to 5.4; quadriceps OR 5.2, 95% CI 4.2 to 6.4; groin OR 3.5, 95% CI 3.0 to 4.0). Age was an independent risk factor for calf muscle strains (adjusted OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.3 to 2.0). Recent hamstring injury increased the risk of subsequent quadriceps (adjusted OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.2 to 2.7) and calf strains (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.2 to 2.6). During the ‘substitute rule’ era (2011–2014), hamstring (adjusted OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.67 to 0.86), groin (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.65 to 0.93) and quadriceps (OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.53 to 0.92) strains were less likely than outside of that era but calf (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.3 to 1.9) strains were more likely than before the substitute rule era.

Conclusion

Recent injury is the greatest risk factor for the four major muscle strains, with increased risk persisting for 15 weeks after return to play.
Glucocorticoid prescribing habits of sports medicine physicians working in high-performance sport: a 30-nation survey
Authors: Hughes David , Vlahovich Nicole , Welvaert Marijke , Tee Nicolin , Harcourt Peter , White Susan , Vernec Alan , Fitch Ken , Waddington Gordon
Published: February 2020

Objectives

Glucocorticoids are commonly prescribed in medicine. When administered via certain routes, glucocorticoids are prohibited for incompetition use by WADA. The glucocorticoid prescribing habits of sports medicine doctors have not been reported.

Methods

An online survey was distributed internationally to physicians working in high-performance sports. The survey queried the doctors about their use of glucocorticoids with athletes and their understanding of WADA’s regulations regarding glucocorticoid use in competition.

Results

603 sports medicine doctors from 30 different countries participated. The majority (>85%) routinely injected glucocorticoids and/or prescribed glucocorticoids by other routes. There were substantial differences in the common routes of injection as well as types of glucocorticoid used among the physicians from various countries. A relatively small percentage of sports doctors (<25%) accurately identified which routes of glucocorticoid administration are prohibited in competition by WADA. There was a great variation in how long before competition the use of glucocorticoids would cause the doctor to consider applying for a therapeutic use exemption (TUE). A better understanding of the clearance rates of glucocorticoids from athletes’ bodies would greatly aid sports medicine doctors’ decisions on how and when to apply for a TUE. A small number of doctors had observed side effects of glucocorticoid administration, with the majority of side effects being minor in nature.

Conclusion

Glucocorticoids are widely prescribed by sports physicians. There is a need to better educate sports physicians on the current WADA regulations in relation to glucocorticoid administration.
Menstrual health intervention and school attendance in Uganda (MENISCUS-2): a pilot intervention study
Authors: Kansiime Catherine , Hytti Laura , Nalugya Ruth , Nakuya Kevin , Namirembe Prossy , Nakalema Shamirah , Neema Stella , Tanton Clare , Alezuyo Connie , Namuli Musoke Saidat , Torondel Belen , Francis Suzanna C , Ross David A , Bonell Christopher , Seeley Janet , Weiss Helen Anne
Published: February 2020

Objectives

Achieving good menstrual health and hygiene (MHH) is a public health challenge and there is little evidence to inform interventions. The aim of this study was to pilot test an intervention to improve MHH and school attendance in Uganda, in preparation for a future cluster-randomised trial.

Design

Longitudinal study with pre–post evaluation of a pilot intervention.

Setting

Two secondary schools in Entebbe, Uganda.

Participants

Of the 473 eligible students in secondary 2 (S2) at baseline, 450 (95.1%; 232 girls and 218 boys) consented/assented. 369 students (188 girls; 81.0%; and 181 boys; 83.0%) participated in the endline survey.

Intervention

The intervention comprised training teachers to improve delivery of government guidelines for puberty education, training in use of a menstrual kit and pain management, a drama skit, provision of analgesics and improvements to school water and sanitation hygiene facilities.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

Feasibility and acceptability of delivering the intervention. Baseline and endline quantitative surveys were conducted, with qualitative interviews conducted at endline. School attendance was assessed using self-completed daily diaries among a nested cohort of 100 female students.

Results

There were high levels of uptake of the individual and behavioural intervention components (puberty education, drama skit, menstrual hygiene management (MHM) kit and pain management). The proportion of girls reporting anxiety about next period decreased from 58.6% to 34.4%, and reported use of effective pain management increased from 76.4% to 91.4%. Most girls (81.4%) reported improved school toilet facilities, which improved their comfort managing menstruation. The diary data and qualitative data indicated a potential intervention impact on improving menstrual-related school absenteeism.

Conclusions

The pilot study showed that the multicomponent MHM intervention was acceptable and feasible to deliver, and potentially effective in improving menstruation knowledge and management. A cluster-randomised trial is needed to evaluate rigorously the intervention effects on MHM and school attendance.

Trial registration number

NCT04064736; Pre-results.
Proactive and systematic multidimensional needs assessment in patients with advanced cancer approaching palliative care: a study protocol
Authors: Pergolizzi Denise , Crespo Iris , Balaguer Albert , Monforte-Royo Cristina , Alonso-Babarro Alberto , Arantzamendi Maria , Belar Alazne , Centeno Carlos , Goni-Fuste Blanca , Julià-Torras Joaquim , Martinez Marina , Mateo-Ortega Dolors , May Luis , Moreno-Alonso Deborah , Nabal Vicuña Maria , Noguera Antonio , Pascual Antonio , Perez-Bret Encarnacion , Rocafort Javier , Rodríguez-Prat Andrea , Rodriguez Dulce , Sala Carme , Serna Judith , Porta-Sales Josep
Published: February 2020

Introduction

The benefits of palliative care rely on how healthcare professionals assess patients’ needs in the initial encounter/s; crucial to the design of a personalised therapeutic plan. However, there is currently no evidence-based guideline to perform this needs assessment. We aim to design and evaluate a proactive and systematic method for the needs assessment using quality guidelines for developing complex interventions. This will involve patients, their relatives and healthcare professionals in all phases of the study and its communication to offer clinical practice a reliable approach to address the palliative needs of patients.

Methods and analysis

To design and assess the feasibility of an evidence-based, proactive and systematic Multidimensional needs Assessment in Palliative care (MAP) as a semistructured clinical interview guide for initial palliative care encounter/s in patients with advanced cancer. This is a two-phase multisite project conducted over 36 months between May 2019 and May 2022. Phase I includes a systematic review, discussions with stakeholders and Delphi consensus. The evidence gathered from phase I will be the basis for the initial versions of the MAP, then submitted to Delphi consensus to develop a preliminary guide of the MAP for the training of clinicians in the feasibility phase. Phase II is a mixed-methods multicenter feasibility study that will assess the MAP’s acceptability, participation, practicality, adaptation and implementation. A nested qualitative study will purposively sample a subset of participants to add preliminary clues about the benefits and barriers of the MAP. The evidence gathered from phase II will build a MAP user guide and educational programme for use in clinical practice.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval for this study has been granted by the university research ethics committee where the study will be carried out (approval reference MED-2018-10). Dissemination will be informed by the results obtained and communication will occur throughout.
Improving the process of zoning in a community mental health team
Authors: Adams Alexander , Perry Jennifer , Young Stephanie
Published: February 2020

Introduction

A zoning system is used to ensure that service users receive appropriate levels of support while they are using community mental health team (CMHT) services. Patients are split into red, amber and green zones and are discussed in a daily morning meeting to ensure management plans are in place. We identified that the meeting was an area for improvement as initial feedback indicated that the meeting was repetitive, newcomers to the team found that they did not understand why patients were in different zones and discussions were not being documented. Our three aims for the project were to improve staff-rated satisfaction by 25%, to improve weekly documentation of discussions to 100% and to improve the quality of information handed over by 25% over 4 months.

Methods

We used the Model for Improvement and "plan, do, study, act" (PDSA) cycles to test change ideas such as having someone chair the meeting, use of a ‘situation, background, assessment, recommendation, decision’ (SBARD) format to handover, introduction of a blue zone for inpatients and documentation in a specific part of the electronic notes at a specific time.

Results

We did not find our PDSA cycles led to a consistent change in satisfaction, quality and efficiency. We found an improvement of SBARD use up to 100% although this was not always consistent and an improvement in documentation to 100% for 3 weeks however this was not sustained.

Conclusion

On examining barriers to change, we found the key to sustaining improvement is in ensuring multidisciplinary team member involvement at all stages of the Quality Improvement project.
Art therapy and social function in palliative care patients: a mixed-method pilot study
Authors: Lefèvre Cédric , Economos Guillaume , Tricou Colombe , Perceau-Chambard Élise , Filbet Marilene
Published: February 2020

Objectives

To evaluate the influence of art therapy in reducing palliative symptoms, on social availability and on perceptions of aesthetics in hospitalised palliative care patients. The secondary objective was to evaluate its influence on bereaved families.

Methods

A mixed-method quasi-experimental before and after study comprising a follow-up postal survey of bereaved families. All patients who were keen to have art therapy sessions were eligible. We used patient-reported outcome scales 5 min before and after the session. The Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale has been used for pain, anxiety, well-being, fatigue and depression. Ten-point visual analogue scales were used for social availability, lack of desire and wishes, and perceptions of aesthetics based on the Beautiful–Well–Good model. A postal survey was sent to bereaved families. Correlations and data mining analyses were performed.

Results

In all, 24 patients were recruited for a total of 53 art therapy sessions analysed. Seven families completed the survey. Art therapy significantly reduced the assessed symptoms and overall symptom distress by 54.4% (p <0.001, d = 1.08). It also decreased the feeling of social unavailability (−59%, d = 0.67) and the lack of desire and wishes (−60%, d=0.86). The analysis of the family questionnaires indicates the positive effects regarding support, artwork and feelings during illness and grief.

Conclusion

Our results suggest an overall improvement in the symptoms experienced and social functioning of palliative patients. Based on our findings, we propose a model for the potential mechanism of action of art therapy.
Implementation of rapid rule out of myocardial infarction using high-sensitivity troponin: cross-sectional survey of English hospitals
Authors: Thapa Shabnam , Wong Ruth , Goodacre Steve
Published: February 2020

Objectives

Recent guidance recommended use of high-sensitivity troponin for rapid rule out of myocardial infarction (MI) in the English health service. We aimed to determine the extent of implementation of this guidance across English hospitals.

Methods

This study conducted a cross-sectional questionnaire survey of 131 English acute hospitals with over 10 000 admissions per year.

Results

We received 125/131 responses (95%), with 110/125 (88%) reporting use of a high-sensitivity troponin assay and responses showing progressive implementation over the last 10 years. High-sensitivity troponin was reported to be used for rapid rule out of MI in 92/110 Trusts (84%). Review of guidelines received from 95/110 Trusts identified that 71/95 (75%) provided guidance for rapid MI rule out with high-sensitivity troponin: 57 recommended testing at 0 and 3 hours, 4 recommended testing at 0 and 2 hours, and 9 recommended testing at 0 and 1 hour, and timing was unclear at one Trust.

Conclusions

English acute hospital Trusts report widespread implementation of high-sensitivity troponin for rapid rule out of MI, with most recommending testing at 0 and 3 hours.