bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Showing Up”: An Autoethnographic Exploration of Black Women’s Teaching Mentorship Narrative in Counselor Education
Authors: Parker Brean'a , Pace Shawntell , Chapman-Hilliard Collette , Conkley Raven
Published: December 2024

While Black women are entering academe at increasing rates, they still remain underrepresented in the counselor education academic workforce. Empirical literature suggests that lack of educational infrastructure, challenging sociocultural climates and fewer possibility models within academe are factors for low matriculation of Black women doctoral students into academic positions in counselor education. Utilizing collaborative autoethnography (CAE), we explore teaching mentorship relationships among Black women (N = 4) counseling faculty and doctoral students. We also examine how mentoring relationships shape Black women’s professionalization within academe in a manner that fosters the embodiment and practice of social justice andragogy. CAE narratives revealed teaching mentorships as promoting social justice-based teaching andragogy, cultural praxis of community as liberative and providing a blueprint for transformative praxis among mentees in counselor education training programs. Implications for counselor educators from our findings identify the importance of implementing programmatic infrastructure and culturally- responsive mechanisms to be considered in support of Black women students’ matriculation into academe.
Ta2O5 980/1550 nm wavelength multiplexer/demultiplexer based on segmented cascaded multimode interference
Authors: HE Xiwen , MA Deyue , ZHANG Zheng , WANG Rongping , LIU Jiqiao , CHEN Weibiao , ZHOU Zhiping ,   Aerospace Laser Technology and Systems Department, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China,   Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China,   Advanced Technology Research Institute, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China,   School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
Published: December 2024

On-chip erbium-doped/erbium-ytterbium co-doped waveguide amplifiers (EDWAs/EYCDWAs) have received extensive research attention in recent years. However, there has been relatively little research on integrated wavelength division multiplexing/demultiplexing devices for 980-nm pump light and 1550-nm signal light. This work aims to propose a compact Ta2O5 diplexer for 980/1550-nm wavelengths based on multimode interference effects. The device utilizes a structure that combines symmetric interference with a cascaded paired interference design, thereby reducing the total length of the segmented multimode interference waveguide to one-third that of a conventional paired multimode interference waveguide. This is achieved without using any complex structure, such as subwavelength gratings, to adjust the beat length of the pump and signal light. The three-dimensional finite difference time domain (3D-FDTD) tool is used to analyze and optimize the established model. The results demonstrate that the designed MMI diplexer has low insertion loss and high process tolerance, with an insertion loss of 0.4 dB at 980 nm and 0.8 dB at 1550 nm, and that the extinction ratios are both better than 16 dB. Moreover, the 1 dB bandwidth reaches up to 150 nm near the 1550 nm wavelength and up to 70 nm near the 980 nm wavelength. The segmented structure designed in this work greatly reduces both the difficulty in designing the MMI devices and the overall size of 980/1550 nm wavelength division multiplexers/demultiplexers. It is expected to be applied to on-chip integrated erbium-doped waveguide amplifiers and lasers. In addition, the segmented design method of cascading the hybrid multimode interference mechanism provides a technical reference for separating two optical signals with long center wavelengths such as 800/1310 nm and 1550/2000 nm, and has potential application value in communication and mid infrared diplexing devices.
Peripheral opioid receptor antagonism alleviates fentanyl-induced cardiorespiratory depression and is devoid of aversive effects
Authors: Ruyle Brian C , Masud Sarah , Kesaraju Rohith , Tahirkheli Mubariz , Modh Juhi , Roth Caroline , Angulo-Lopera Sofia , Lintz Tania , Higginbotham Jessica A , Massaly Nicolas , Moron Jose A
Published: December 2024

Millions of Americans suffering from Opioid Use Disorders (OUD) face a high risk of fatal overdose due to opioid-induced respiratory depression (OIRD). Fentanyl, a powerful synthetic opioid, is a major contributor to the rising rates of overdose deaths. Reversing fentanyl-induced respiratory depression has proved to be challenging due to both its high potency and lipophilicity. We assessed the contributions of central and peripheral mu opioid receptors (MORs) in mediating fentanyl-induced physiological responses. The peripherally restricted MOR antagonist naloxone methiodide (NLXM) both prevented and reversed OIRD to a comparable degree as naloxone (NLX), indicating substantial involvement of peripheral MORs during OIRD. Interestingly, NLXM-mediated OIRD reversal did not produce aversive behaviors observed after NLX. We show that neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract (nTS), the first central synapse of peripheral afferents, exhibit biphasic patterns of activity following fentanyl exposure. NLXM pretreatment attenuates this activity, suggesting that these responses are mediated by peripheral MORs. Together, these findings establish a critical role for peripheral MOR, including ascending inputs to the nTS, as sites of dysfunction during OIRD. Furthermore, selective peripheral MOR antagonism could be a promising therapeutic strategy for managing OIRD by sparing CNS-driven acute opioid-associated withdrawal and aversion observed after NLX.
SLAM/SAP signaling regulates discrete γδ T cell developmental checkpoints and shapes the innate-like γδ TCR repertoire
Authors: Mistri Somen K , Hilton Brianna M , Horrigan Katherine J , Andretta Emma S , Savard Remi , Dienz Oliver , Hampel Kenneth J , Gerrard Diana L , Rose Joshua T , Sidiropoulos Nikoletta , Majumdar Dev , Boyson Jonathan E
Published: December 2024

During thymic development, most γδ T cells acquire innate-like characteristics that are critical for their function in tumor surveillance, infectious disease, and tissue repair. The mechanisms, however, that regulate γδ T cell developmental programming remain unclear. Recently, we demonstrated that the SLAM/SAP signaling pathway regulates the development and function of multiple innate-like γδ T cell subsets. Here, we used a single-cell proteogenomics approach to identify SAP-dependent developmental checkpoints and to define the SAP-dependent γδ TCR repertoire in mice. SAP deficiency resulted in both a significant loss of an immature Gzma+Blk+Etv5+Tox2+ γδT17 precursor population and a significant increase in Cd4+Cd8+Rorc+Ptcra+Rag1+ thymic γδ T cells. SAP-dependent diversion of embryonic day 17 thymic γδ T cell clonotypes into the αβ T cell developmental pathway was associated with a decreased frequency of mature clonotypes in neonatal thymus, and an altered γδ TCR repertoire in the periphery. Finally, we identify TRGV4/TRAV13-4(DV7)-expressing T cells as a novel, SAP-dependent Vγ4 γδT1 subset. Together, the data support a model in which SAP-dependent γδ/αβ T cell lineage commitment regulates γδ T cell developmental programming and shapes the γδ TCR repertoire.
ADHDP-based robust self-learning 3D trajectory tracking control for underactuated UUVs
Authors: Zhao Chunbo , Yan Huaran , Gao Deyi
Published: December 2024

In this work, we propose a robust self-learning control scheme based on action-dependent heuristic dynamic programming (ADHDP) to tackle the 3D trajectory tracking control problem of underactuated uncrewed underwater vehicles (UUVs) with uncertain dynamics and time-varying ocean disturbances. Initially, the radial basis function neural network is introduced to convert the compound uncertain element, comprising uncertain dynamics and time-varying ocean disturbances, into a linear parametric form with just one unknown parameter. Then, to improve the tracking performance of the UUVs trajectory tracking closed-loop control system, an actor-critic neural network structure based on ADHDP technology is introduced to adaptively adjust the weights of the action-critic network, optimizing the performance index function. Finally, an ADHDP-based robust self-learning control scheme is constructed, which makes the UUVs closed-loop system have good robustness and control performance. The theoretical analysis demonstrates that all signals in the UUVs trajectory tracking closed-loop control system are bounded. The simulation results for the UUVs validate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
Challenges for the retention of women in the chilean construction industry a quantitative analysis
Authors: Bahamondes Maria Jose , Araya Felipe , Olivari Katherine , Salazar Luis
Published: December 2024

Globally, female participation in the construction sector has increased in recent decades; however, it remains significantly lower than that of men. Several studies have identified the barriers and challenges that women face throughout their careers in this industry. Nevertheless, in the Chilean context, academic research on this topic is limited. This study aims to address this gap by identifying the obstacles women encounter to stay within the construction industry in Chile. A quantitative analysis was conducted to responses from a survey responded by 111 industry professionals, including men and women. The data were analyzed using survey analysis and independence tests, focusing on five key factors: gender, age, years of experience, number of children, and marital status. The results indicated that gender is the most influential factor, followed by age and family situation, highlighting issues such as difficulty balancing personal and work life, job dissatisfaction, and long working hours. Our findings may contribute to public entities and decision-makers formulating specific gender-oriented policies in construction. For instance, the inclusion of the concept of "woman-hour," analogous to "man-hour," in human resource budgets in construction is suggested, which would facilitate greater equity in workforce planning.
Post Covid-19 Growth of Midcap Mutual Funds in India: A Study on Top Ten Midcap Mutual Funds
Authors: Paul Rahul
Published: December 2024

Since the COVID-19 outbreak, asset management companies (AMCs) have taken the lead in increasing wealth through mutual funds. There are two types of mutual funds: open-ended and closed-ended. With 43 AMCs operating in India and an average asset under management (AUM) of ₹27.12 trillion as of July 31, 2020, equity funds are riskier. According to research, small and midcap funds have more risk and higher returns than large-cap funds, which have lower risk and lower returns. For regular investments in mutual funds, especially midcap funds, Systematic Investment Plans (SIPs) have gained popularity. Based on their assets under management (AUM) and monthly SIP inflows from 2020–21 to 2024–25, the top ten midcap funds were examined in this study. The purpose of this study is to show how the performance of the midcap funds and volatility associated with the funds. This study also analyses the volatility of the midcap funds by using Sharpe index, Treynor index, and Jensen's Alpha index.  The result shows that few of the midcap funds are more volatile than the other funds but higher volatility generates higher returns for the investors over this last four years.
Enzyme Inhibitors, Aspartic Proteases
Authors: Hamada Yoshio , Kiso Yoshiaki
Published: September 2019

Enzymes play crucial roles in various biological processes, and their activities are essential for all living organisms—from viruses to human. As their functions are closely associated with several pathogenic mechanisms, their inhibitors or activators are important molecular targets for the development of treatments for various diseases. This article describes the catalytic mechanism of enzymes and design methodologies of enzyme inhibitors. Herein, we focused on the protease inhibitors, considering their importance and good fit for computational design approaches such as docking simulation. As practical examples, we concentrated on Alzheimer's β‐secretase and virus proteases such as renin, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease, and human T‐lymphotropic virus type I protease.
Investigation of Pollution in Rivers and Groundwater by Fluorescence
Authors: Baker Andy , Andersen Martin S. , Marjo Christopher E. , Zainuddin Nur S. , Rutlidge Helen , Graham Peter W. , Henderson Rita K.
Published: September 2019

Organic molecules that contain conjugated aromatic constituents have the potential to fluoresce. Both natural and anthropogenic organic matters may contain fluorescent molecules, and river and groundwater organic matters can be understood as a complex mixture of fluorescent and nonfluorescent organic molecules. The investigation of pollution in rivers and groundwaters, therefore, requires the differentiation of multiple fluorescent molecules from multiple sources. The fluorescence spectra of both natural and pollutant organic matters are increasingly well known. Fluorescent pollutants in rivers and groundwaters are typically identified by high levels of fluorescence in the shortwave ultraviolet spectra associated with high levels of microbiological activity and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD); the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from landfill leachates or petroleum products; or the presence of fluorescent whitening agents (FWAs) from industrial, landfill, or sewerage pollution. These fluorescence signals can be distinguished from natural organic matter fluorescence by analyzing either of the differences in spectral properties, often using multiway analysis such as parallel factor analysis, or the investigation of their sensitivity to microbial or photodegradation. Examples of the investigation of pollution in rivers and groundwaters by fluorescence using both laboratory instrumentation and in situ probes are discussed.
Characterization of Protein Oligomers by Multi‐Angle Light Scattering
Authors: Shamir Mai , Amartely Hadar , Lebendiker Mario , Friedler Assaf
Published: September 2019

Numerous methods for characterizing oligomerization of proteins exist, with each of them having its advantages and limitation. Here, we focus on multi‐angle light scattering (MALS), which is one of the most efficient methods for studying the oligomerization of soluble proteins in their native form in solution. MALS can provide many important parameters such as the exact molar mass and size of the protein of interest, its hydrodynamic radius, and additional structural information. Studying protein oligomerization using Light scattering (LS) methods is combined in many cases with chromatographic methods, resulting in accurate characterization of this dynamic process with minimal measurement‐related interferences. Here, we describe several light scattering‐based techniques combined with several separation methods, focusing on the more common method of size exclusion chromatography – multi‐angle light scattering (SEC‐MALS) and two additional and in some cases complementary methods, ion exchange chromatography and flow field fractionation combined with MALS.
Single Crystal Structure Analysis
Authors: Yamano Akihito
Published: September 2019

Single crystal X‐ray structure analysis can be thought of as a particular method limited to experts because of the misconception that it requires expertise and crystallographic knowledge. This was true until the 1990s. However, the reality is even novices to single crystal structure analysis can take advantage of the dependability of this analytical technique just like using other spectroscopic methods due to the recent development of software and hardware. Modern instruments simultaneously perform data collection, processing, and automated structure analysis. This article introduces the overall aspect of single crystal analysis from data collection to structure validation. Emphasis is put on common four topics: mounting a fragile crystal, instrumentation, disordered structure, twin, and absolute structure determination. In the end, the latest topic section refers to the crystalline sponge method that can be summarized as single crystal X‐ray structure analysis without a single crystal.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Techniques for Analysis of Contaminants in the Environment
Authors: Longstaffe James G.
Published: September 2019

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is arguably the most powerful analytical tool available for the study of molecular structures. One of the most elegant attributes of NMR is that the information provided, primarily in the form of chemical shift, signal intensities, and spin–spin coupling (J‐coupling), is intrinsic to the nature of the molecular system being studied. As such the structures of compounds present may be deduced by applying the underlying logic that follows from a first principal understanding of the environmental and structural factors that control the output of an NMR measurement. Indeed, NMR is of primary importance in many scientific disciplines that rely on a precise understanding of molecular structures. Interest in the use of NMR as a tool to better understand environmental systems is growing as the underlying paradigm for environmental protection, monitoring, and remediation shifts away from tackling the known and critical environmental problems of the 1970s and 1980s towards a growing concern for the unknown environmental problems that have not yet been fully uncovered or understood. This article discusses the application of NMR spectroscopy as an analytical tool that has the potential to improve our understanding of the distribution and behavior of contaminants in the environment.
Anaerotaenia
Authors: Ueki Atsuko , Kaku Nobuo , Ueki Katsuji
Published: September 2019

An.ae.ro.tae'ni.a. Gr. prep.annot; Gr. n.aerair;anaeronot living in air; L. fem. n.taeniaribbon; N.L. fem. n.Anaerotaeniaa ribbon not living in air.

Firmicutes / Clostridia / Clostridiales / Lachnospiraceae / Anaerotaenia

The genusAnaerotaeniabelongs to the familyLachnospiraceaewithin the orderClostridialesand contains one species,Anaerotaenia torta. Obligately anaerobic and chemoorganotrophic. Cells are Gram‐stain‐positive, slightly curved, or sigmoid long rods. Motile by peritrichous flagella. Spores are spherical and terminal. Saccharolytic and fermentative. Slightly alkaliphilic. Utilizes a wide variety of carbohydrates including xylan. Acetate, ethanol, and H2are fermentation products from glucose. Catalase is absent. C16:0, C18:1ω7cDMA, C18:1ω7c, and C16:0DMA are present as major CFAs. The cell‐wall peptidoglycan containsmeso‐DAP as the diagnostic diamino acid. Isolated from a methanogenic reactor of livestock wastewater. Closely related species ofAnaerotaenia tortaare members of the generaMobilitalea,Herbinix, andAnaerocolumna. These relatives were also isolated mainly from anaerobic reactors.

DNA G + C content (mol%): 47.2 (HPLC).

Type species:Anaerotaenia tortaUeki,Ohtaki, Kaku, and Ueki 2016, 2941VP.
Magnetically Enhanced Mechanical Stability and Super‐Size Effects in Self‐Assembled Superstructures of Nanocubes
Authors: Håkonsen Verner , Singh Gurvinder , Normile Peter S. , De Toro José A. , Wahlström Erik , He Jianying , Zhang Zhiliang
Published: September 2019

Artificial materials from the self‐assembly of magnetic nanoparticles exhibit extraordinary collective properties; however, to date, the contribution of nanoscale magnetism to the mechanical properties of this class of materials is overlooked. Here, through a combination of Monte Carlo simulations and experimental magnetic measurements, this contribution is shown to be important in self‐assembled superstructures of magnetite nanocubes. By simulating the relaxation of interacting macrospins in the superstructure systems, the relationship between nanoscale magnetism, nanoparticle arrangement, superstructure size, and mechanical stability is established. For all considered systems, a significant enhancement in cohesive energy per nanocube (up to 45%), and thus in mechanical stability, is uncovered from the consideration of magnetism. Magnetic measurements fully support the simulations and confirm the strongly interacting character of the nanocube assembly. The studies also reveal a novel super‐size effect, whereby mechanically destabilization occurs through a decrease in cohesive energy per nanocube as the overall size (number of particles) of the system decreases. The discovery of this effect opens up new possibilities in size‐controlled tuning of superstructure properties, thus contributing to the design of next‐generation self‐assembled materials with simultaneous enhancement of magnetic and mechanical properties.
Liquid‐Gated Transistors Based on Reduced Graphene Oxide for Flexible and Wearable Electronics
Authors: Furlan de Oliveira Rafael , Livio Pietro Antonio , Montes‐García Verónica , Ippolito Stefano , Eredia Matilde , Fanjul‐Bolado Pablo , González García María Begoña , Casalini Stefano , Samorì Paolo
Published: September 2019

Graphene is regarded as the ultimate material for future flexible, high‐performance, and wearable electronics. Herein, a novel, robust, all‐green, highly reliable (yield ≥ 99%), and upscalable technology is reported for wearable applications comprising reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as the electroactive component in liquid‐gated transistors (LGTs). rGO is a formidable material for future flexible and wearable applications due to its easy processability, excellent surface reactivity, and large‐area coverage. A novel protocol is established toward the high‐yield fabrication of flexible rGO LGTs combining high robustness (>1.5 h of continuous operation) with state‐of‐the‐art performances, being similar to those of their rigid counterparts operated under liquid gating, including field‐effect mobility of ≈10−1 cm2 V−1 s−1 and transconductance of ≈25 µS. Permeable membranes have been proven crucial to operate flexible LGTs under mechanical stress with reduced amounts of solution (<20 µL). Our rGO LGTs are operated in artificial sweat exploiting two different layouts based on lateral‐flow paper fluidics. These approaches pave the road toward future real‐time tracking of perspiration via a simple and cost‐effective approach. The reported findings contribute to the robust and scalable production of novel graphene‐based flexible devices, whose features fulfill the requirements of wearable electronics.
Multifunctional DNA Polycatenane Nanocarriers for Synergistic Targeted Therapy of Multidrug‐Resistant Human Leukemia
Authors: Yu Sha , Wang Yingying , Li Yuanfang , Jiang Li‐Ping , Bi Sai , Zhu Jun‐Jie
Published: September 2019

Chemotherapy, as one of the principal modalities for cancer therapy, is limited by its inefficient delivery, serious side effects as well as multidrug resistance (MDR). Herein, multifunctional aptamer‐tethered deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA) polycatenanes (AptDPCs) is reported to combat MDR human leukemia. By rational design, the DNA polycatenanes (DPCs) are first constructed by a one‐step self‐assembly approach, during which DPCs are incorporated with fluorophores for bioimaging, abundant doxorubicin (DOX) intercalation sites for drug delivery, and antisense oligonucleotides (AS ODNs) for inhibiting the expression of P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) and further reversing MDR. In addition, to endow the DPCs with specific recognition toward the target cancer cells and high purity, aptamers are tethered to the DPCs via the magnetic separation method based on the toehold‐mediated strand displacement (TMSD) reaction, which not only improves the purity and reproducibility of the AptDPCs, but also realizes the recycle of magnetic carriers. The results confirm that the AptDPCs can deliver drugs and AS ODNs into the target cancer cells and synergistically inhibit the MDR tumor growth without apparent systematic toxicity. The proposed AptDPC‐based drug delivery system can effectively reduce side effects and reverse MDR, which provides a promising platform for codelivery of therapeutic genes and chemodrugs in targeted cancer therapy.
Beyond Gold: Spin‐Coated Ti3C2‐Based MXene Photodetectors
Authors: Montazeri Kiana , Currie Marc , Verger Louisiane , Dianat Pouya , Barsoum Michel W. , Nabet Bahram
Published: September 2019

2D transition metal carbides, known as MXenes, are transparent when the samples are thin enough. They are also excellent electrical conductors with metal‐like carrier concentrations. Herein, these characteristics are exploited to replace gold (Au) in GaAs photodetectors. By simply spin‐coating transparent Ti3C2‐based MXene electrodes from aqueous suspensions onto GaAs patterned with a photoresist and lifted off with acetone, photodetectors that outperform more standard Au electrodes are fabricated. Both the Au‐ and MXene‐based devices show rectifying contacts with comparable Schottky barrier heights and internal electric fields. The latter, however, exhibit significantly higher responsivities and quantum efficiencies, with similar dark currents, hence showing better dynamic range and detectivity, and similar sub‐nanosecond response speeds compared to the Au‐based devices. The simple fabrication process is readily integratable into microelectronic, photonic‐integrated circuits and silicon photonics processes, with a wide range of applications from optical sensing to light detection and ranging and telecommunications.
Aggregation‐Induced Nonlinear Optical Effects of AIEgen Nanocrystals for Ultradeep In Vivo Bioimaging
Authors: Zheng Zheng , Li Dongyu , Liu Zhiyang , Peng Hui‐Qing , Sung Herman H. Y. , Kwok Ryan T. K. , Williams Ian D. , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Qian Jun , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: September 2019

Nonlinear optical microscopy has become a powerful tool in bioimaging research due to its unique capabilities of deep optical sectioning, high‐spatial‐resolution imaging, and 3D reconstruction of biological specimens. Developing organic fluorescent probes with strong nonlinear optical effects, in particular third‐harmonic generation (THG), is promising for exploiting nonlinear microscopic imaging for biomedical applications. Herein, a simple method for preparing organic nanocrystals based on an aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) luminogen (DCCN) with bright near‐infrared emission is successfully demonstrated. Aggregation‐induced nonlinear optical effects, including two‐photon fluorescence (2PF), three‐photon fluorescence (3PF), and THG, of DCCN are observed in nanoparticles, especially for crystalline nanoparticles. The nanocrystals of DCCN are successfully applied for 2PF microscopy at 1040 nm NIR‐II excitation and THG microscopy at 1560 nm NIR‐II excitation, respectively, to reconstruct the 3D vasculature of the mouse cerebral vasculature. Impressively, the THG microscopy provides much higher spatial resolution and brightness than the 2PF microscopy and can visualize small vessels with diameters of ≈2.7 µm at the deepest depth of 800 µm in a mouse brain. Thus, this is expected to inspire new insights into the development of advanced AIE materials with multiple nonlinearity, in particular THG, for multimodal nonlinear optical microscopy.
Oscillating Surfaces Fueled by a Continuous AC Electric Field
Authors: Visschers Fabian L. L. , Gojzewski Hubert , Vancso G. Julius , Broer Dirk J. , Liu Danqing
Published: September 2019

Recent developments in soft matter science provide options to add mobility and motility to polymer films and surfaces. Restrictively, the dynamics in these materials are modulated by a pulsated trigger and the route to autonomous dynamics is still a most intriguing challenge. Here, is the design of a self‐sustaining oscillating surface is reported that is fueled by a continuous AC electric field without an intermittent on–off switch. The underlying principle is based on the polarity inversion over the poly(dimethyl siloxane) layer with a 10 nm thick silicon oxide top layer by an integrated tri‐electrode structure connected to an alternating power source. In absence of the electric signal, the coating surface is flat. By applying an AC field, the surface corrugates into a sinusoidal morphology and starts oscillating to develop a continuous standing wave. Typically, the oscillation frequency is 0–5 Hz and the modulation depth is 150 nm. The topographical dynamics are analyzed in terms of viscoelastic materials properties and actuation kinetics and are supported by finite element calculations.
Hybrid Membranes of hPEA@PVDF for Molecular Recognition and Separation of Phenols and Anilines
Authors: Teng Shang , Li Jin , Tao Tao , Su Zhilong , Jiang Xuesong , Cui Mengzhong
Published: September 2019

Hybrid porous membranes with unique gradually open microchannels, which is comprised of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as skeletons and functional hyperbranched poly(ether amine) (hPEA) as coverage surface, are formed via a combined crystallization and diffusion approach. The cross‐sectional tortuous pores with fully well‐arranged, opened, and interconnected microchannels are generated that are directed by synergistic effect of the nucleation/crystallization of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) solvent, demixing/phase separation of polymers for both the loss of solvent in liquid phase and the reduced solubility of polymer at lower temperature, and exchanging effect between DMSO and water molecules. The introduction of functional amphipathic hPEA polymer chains effectively improves the hydrophilicity of pure PVDF with water permeation increased for 3.2 times, and contact angle decreases for about four times, and endowing the hPEA@PVDF hybrid membranes with high sensitive recognition and separation of phenols and anilines both in static and filtration processes. Moreover, the hybrid hPEA@PVDF membranes are easily regenerated and retained to their original states during adsorption–regeneration tests. This indicates that the hybrid membranes will be used in separation of toxic components that are carcinogenic, mutagenic, and difficult to biodegrade or direct aerobic digestion in nature via a one‐pot filtration process in water treatments.
Filterless Polarization‐Sensitive 2D Perovskite Narrowband Photodetectors
Authors: Li Lu , Jin Long , Zhou Yunxi , Li Junze , Ma Jiaqi , Wang Shuai , Li Wancai , Li Dehui
Published: September 2019

Polarization‐sensitive narrowband photodetectors can respond to a narrow spectral range of light together with the ability to sense the polarization of light. Traditionally, expensive filters combined with polarizers are utilized to realize the polarization‐sensitive narrowband photodetections. To reduce the cost and simplify optical system, here a polarization‐sensitive narrowband photodetector based on 2D perovskite single crystals without any additional optical components is reported. The photodetector shows a linear dichroic ratio of 1.56 at 552 nm under the oblique incident angle of 45° and the full width at half maximum of 20 nm. Moreover, the photodetector exhibits a high external quantum efficiency of 120% and a peak specific detectivity of 1.23 × 1010 Jones under the normal illumination. This polarization‐sensitive narrowband photoresponse can be ascribed to the charge collection narrowing mechanism assisted by the enhanced self‐trapped states in 2D perovskites and the large anisotropic crystal structure between different crystal directions. In particular, the device configuration is specially designed so that the absorption anisotropy takes place between the in‐plane and out‐of‐plane directions and photogenerated carriers transport along the in‐plane direct to avoid the large organic barrier along the out‐of‐plane direction, resulting in the polarization‐sensitive narrowband photodetections with high performance.
Heat Shock Protein Inspired Nanochaperones Restore Amyloid‐β Homeostasis for Preventative Therapy of Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Yang Huiru , Li Xinyu , Zhu Lin , Wu Xiaohui , Zhang Shaozhi , Huang Fan , Feng Xizeng , Shi Linqi
Published: September 2019

Amyloid beta (Aβ) aggregation is generally believed as the crucial and primary cause of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, current Aβ‐targeted therapeutic strategies show limited disease‐modifying efficacy due to the irreversible damages in the late stage of AD, thus the treatment should be given before the formation of deposition and target primary Aβ species rather than advanced plaques. Herein, inspired by heat shock protein, a self‐assembly nanochaperone based on mixed‐shell polymeric micelle (MSPM) is devised to act as a novel strategy for AD prevention. With unique surface hydrophobic domains, this nanochaperone can selectively capture Aβ peptides, effectively suppress Aβ aggregation, and remarkably reduce Aβ‐mediated cytotoxicity. Moreover, the formed nanochaperone‐Aβ complex after Aβ adsorption can be easily phagocytosed by microglia and thereby facilitates Aβ clearance. As a result, the nanochaperone reduces Aβ burden, attenuates Aβ‐induced inflammation, and eventually rescues the cognitive deficits of APP/PS1 transgenic AD mice. These results indicate that this biomimetic nanochaperone can successfully prevent the onset of AD symptoms and serve as a promising candidate for prophylactic treatment of AD.
Glymphatics Visualization after Focused Ultrasound‐Induced Blood–Brain Barrier Opening in Humans
Authors: Meng Ying , Abrahao Agessandro , Heyn Chinthaka C. , Bethune Allison J. , Huang Yuexi , Pople Christopher B. , Aubert Isabelle , Hamani Clement , Zinman Lorne , Hynynen Kullervo , Black Sandra E. , Lipsman Nir
Published: September 2019

It is currently unclear whether the glymphatic system, a brain‐wide interstitial fluid–cerebrospinal fluid exchange described in rodents, exists in humans. Focal blood–brain barrier disruption using magnetic resonance–guided focused ultrasound allows parenchymal penetration of gadobutrol contrast, creating an opportunity to study glymphatics in vivo noninvasively. We describe patterns of contrast distribution in the perivascular space, subarachnoid space, and space surrounding large veins draining toward the dural sinuses on fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery in subjects with Alzheimer disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. This is the first evidence suggesting glymphatic efflux persists in humans. It's relevance to proteinopathies and drug delivery is discussed. ANN NEUROL 2019;86:975–980
Synthesis and characterization of new organic–inorganic nanohybrid film (TBA)PWFe/PVA/CTS as an efficient and reusable amphiphilic catalyst for ODS of real fuel
Authors: Rezvani Mohammad Ali , Noori Oghoulbeyk Zahra
Published: September 2019

In this work, we report a new catalytic oxidative desulfurization (CODS) system based on (TBA)PWFe/PVA/CTS nanohybrid film as a highly active catalyst. The nanohybrid material was successfully fabricated by the composition of tetra (n‐butyl) ammonium salt of Fe‐substituted phosphotungstate, ((n‐C4H9)4N)4[PW11Fe(H2O)O39] abbreviated as (TBA)PWFe, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and chitosan (CTS). The composite was characterized using various analytical techniques including FT‐IR, UV–vis, XRD, and SEM. The results revealed the hydrogen‐bonding interaction between inorganic (TBA)PWFe clusters and organic polymers. The catalytic activity of (TBA)PWFe/PVA/CTS was evaluated in the CODS of real gas oil. Also, the solutions of heterocyclic thiophenic compounds (HTCs) in n‐heptane were tasted as simulated fuels. It was found that the removal efficiency of HTCs in the presence of (TBA)PWFe/PVA/CTS catalyst reached as high as 95% at 60 °C after 2 h. The significant catalytic performance of the nanohybrid film might be attributed to its amphiphilicity and multifunctional active sites, which enhances adsorption and oxidation of sulfur compounds. Moreover, the (TBA)PWFe/PVA/CTS composite can be easily recovered and reused by simple filtration, making it a suitable catalyst for cleaner processing.
Shifting Climates, Foods, and Diseases: The Human Microbiome through Evolution
Authors: Amato Katherine R. , Jeyakumar Thiviya , Poinar Hendrik , Gros Philippe
Published: September 2019

Human evolution has been punctuated by climate anomalies, structuring environments, deadly infections, and altering landscapes. How well humans adapted to these new circumstances had direct effects on fitness and survival. Here, how the gut microbiome could have contributed to human evolutionary success through contributions to host nutritional buffering and infectious disease resistance is reviewed. How changes in human genetics, diet, disease exposure, and social environments almost certainly altered microbial community composition is also explored. Emerging research points to the microbiome as a key player in host responses to environmental change. Therefore, the reciprocal interactions between humans and their microbes are likely to have shaped human patterns of local adaptation throughout our shared evolutionary history. Recent alterations in human lifestyle, however, are altering human microbiomes in unprecedented ways. The consequences of interrupted host–microbe relationships for human adaptive potential in the future are unknown.
Albumin‐based hydrogels for regenerative engineering and cell transplantation
Authors: Ong John , Zhao Junzhe , Justin Alexander W. , Markaki Athina E.
Published: September 2019

Albumin, the most abundant plasma protein in mammals, is a versatile and easily obtainable biomaterial. It is pH and temperature responsive, dissolvable in high concentrations and gels readily in defined conditions. This versatility, together with its inexpensiveness and biocompatibility, makes albumin an attractive biomaterial for biomedical research and therapeutics. So far, clinical research in albumin has centered mainly on its use as a carrier molecule or nanoparticle to improve drug pharmacokinetics and delivery to target sites. In contrast, research in albumin‐based hydrogels is less established albeit growing in interest over recent years. In this minireview, we report current literature and critically discuss the synthesis, mechanical properties, biological effects and uses, biodegradability and cost of albumin hydrogels as a xeno‐free, customizable, and transplantable construct for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
One‐shot optimization of multiple enzyme parameters: Tailoring glucose oxidase for pH and electron mediators
Authors: Ostafe Raluca , Fontaine Nicolas , Frank David , Ng Fuk Chong Matthieu , Prodanovic Radivoje , Pandjaitan Rudy , Offmann Bernard , Cadet Frédéric , Fischer Rainer
Published: September 2019

Enzymes are biological catalysts with many industrial applications, but natural enzymes are usually unsuitable for industrial processes because they are not optimized for the process conditions. The properties of enzymes can be improved by directed evolution, which involves multiple rounds of mutagenesis and screening. By using mathematical models to predict the structure–activity relationship of an enzyme, and by defining the optimal combination of mutations in silico, we can significantly reduce the number of bench experiments needed, and hence the time and investment required to develop an optimized product. Here, we applied our innovative sequence–activity relationship methodology (innov'SAR) to improve glucose oxidase activity in the presence of different mediators across a range of pH values. Using this machine learning approach, a predictive model was developed and the optimal combination of mutations was determined, leading to a glucose oxidase mutant (P1) with greater specificity for the mediators ferrocene–methanol (12‐fold) and nitrosoaniline (8‐fold), compared to the wild‐type enzyme, and better performance in three pH‐adjusted buffers. The kcat/KM ratio of P1 increased by up to 121 folds compared to the wild type enzyme at pH 5.5 in the presence of ferrocene methanol.
She did everything right
Authors: Miles David
Published: September 2019

A Dateline report called “She Did Everything Right” told an all‐too‐common story about dating violence. The show explained that a female college student was dating a man who in the beginning of their relationship treated her like a queen.
In Vitro Biosynthesis of Peptides Containing Exotic Azoline Analogues
Authors: Goto Yuki , Suga Hiroaki
Published: September 2019

In nature, azolines produced by YcaO cyclodehydratases during the biosynthesis of ribosomally synthesized and post‐translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) are generally limited to thiazoline, oxazoline, and methyloxazoline, which are derived from the proteinogenic Cys, Ser, and Thr residues, respectively. To investigate whether YcaO cyclodehydratases precisely recognize the common structural characteristics and chirality of the modifiable residues, the “reprogrammed FIT‐PatD system” has been established by combining a YcaO cyclodehydratase (PatD) with genetic code reprogramming powered by the flexible in vitro translation (FIT) system, in which precursor peptides bearing non‐proteinogenic Cys/Ser/Thr analogues could be expressed through a reprogrammed genetic code and subsequently cyclodehydrated by PatD. The study has revealed remarkable stereo‐, chemo‐, and regioversatility for modifiable residues in PatD‐catalyzed cyclodehydration, expanding the repertoire of backbone heterocycles in RiPPs to exotic azoline analogues.
Optimization of cold‐formed steel products: achievements, challenges and opportunities
Authors: Becque Jurgen
Published: September 2019

Given the current expansion in the use of cold‐formed steel, the emergence of increasingly complex cross‐sectional shapes, the continual advances in manufacturing and the increasingly important quest for efficient and sustainable construction solutions, the optimization of cold‐formed steel products is an exceedingly relevant research field. The prolific publication of research papers in this area encountered over the past decade is testament to this. This paper aims to explore the general state‐of‐the art of this research field, as well as present a summary of research conducted at the University of Sheffield over the past five years and place it in a wider context. Further advancements needed in this field are also discussed.
Pull‐out failure of headed studs close to the concrete edge
Authors: Stempniewski Lena , Kuhlmann Ulrike
Published: September 2019

Horizontally lying headed studs allow thin concrete slabs as a concrete flange. The shear capacity of studs close to the concrete edge is affected by splitting forces in the concrete. Due to the small edge distance of the headed studs to the concrete edge, a reduction in the capacity of the shear connection according to EN 1994‐2 Annex C is required. Thereby additional geometric boundary conditions for the required length of the headed studs in the edge position are defined. In this way, a pull‐out failure, which was observed in push‐out tests, is prevented. These requirements for the minimum length of the headed studs can lead to comparatively long studs, which in practice are uneconomical or not feasible. Influences of load‐carrying parameters such as the degree of reinforcement of the shear reinforcement or the concrete strength cannot be considered. On the basis of recent developments in the fastening technology, the possibility is created to neglect the geometric restrictions and to prove the actual tensile forces occurring in the studs. Based on new experimental and numerical investigations, in this paper the revision of these restrictions will be presented.
Experimental and Theoretical Research of Composite Truss Behaviour
Authors: Bujnak Jan , Michalek Peter , Perkowski Zbigniew
Published: September 2019

The design specifications of composite trusses are only partially included in the European standards. However this construction system can be considered as one of the most economical for building and bridge structures. In general, the composite trusses can be used for greater spans up to the 30 m, which allows better use of internal space without restricting columns. To create the interaction between steel and concrete, it is necessary to prevent the relative slip at the steel and concrete interface using the shear connectors. However the local effects of a concentrated longitudinal force and the distribution of the shear force between steel section and concrete slab, as special task, should be appropriately examined. The static, dynamic and non‐destructive experimental research has examined real structural behaviour. But the finite element analyses can be also used to investigate numerically this structural system. The outputs of this study are presented in the paper.
The design of tall windbreak panels: Design issues and a case study
Authors: Maraveas Chrysanthos
Published: September 2019

The design and construction of tall, slender steel structures always presents a challenge. This paper presents design aspects (structural system information, analysis methods, applied loads and cost optimisation) and a case study relating to the design and construction of tall windbreak panels 10 m in height. These windbreak panels were constructed in a Greek electricity‐producing industry in order to reduce wind turbulence and improve the performance of its Air Cooled Condenser (ACC). The steel columns were constructed from hot‐rolled IPE 360 cross sections with a height of 10 m, supported by cables in the wind direction and bracing systems in the transverse direction. Concrete anchorages for the cables and concrete footings for the steel columns were used. System optimisation in terms of the steel weight, cable weight and overall costs is discussed and practical issues are explained in terms of technical decisions. Furthermore, construction details, construction methods and cost estimation are discussed.
Development of Seismic Device for Stainless Steel Rectangular Water Tank at Short Period Earthquake
Authors: Aoki Daisuke , Bando Yoshiyuki , Watanabe Naohiko , Suzuki Moriaki
Published: September 2019

The seismic device effective for an existing stainless steel rectangular water tank was developed to prevent the damage of tank by earthquake, especially focusing on the short period earthquake where the impulsive pressure acts on the side wall of tank. The seismic device consisted of a thin high damping rubber plate, sandwiched with two metal plates, which were attached on both the surfaces of the rubber plate. These seismic devices were expected to be set between the base frame of tank and the anchor block.

First, a shaking table test of a small water tank (1,000 mm×1,000 mm×1,000 mm) made of stainless steel panels was performed under the several conditions of the number, shape and rubber thickness of the seismic devices. Then, eight seismic devices were set to a large water tank (3,000 mm×3,000 mm×3,000 mm) constructed from nine stainless steel panels for each side wall. These tanks were put on the shaking tables and dynamic shaking tests were performed. The shaking frequency was varied from DC to 12 Hz with a given interval step and the water pressure on the side wall of tank was measured.

In this study, by setting the seismic devices to both the small and large water tanks, the natural impulsive frequencies of tanks became a little lower, and the impulsive pressure at the natural frequency became smaller with increasing rubber thickness and with increasing surface pressure. When the HYOGOKEN‐NANBU earthquake waves were given to the large water tank with the seismic devices, the impulsive pressure at the short period oscillation was largely suppressed but the sloshing pressure at the long period oscillation was scarcely enhanced.