bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of ship motion-induced single disturbance on gravity currents using particle image velocimetry and planar laser-induced fluorescence techniques
Authors: Xu Keqin , Liao Jianghua , Yang Shengfa , Wu Peng , Zhang Peng , Hu Jiang
Published: January 2025

Saltwater intrusion in artificial canals is commonly caused by gravity currents; however, the influence of ship motion on gravity currents remains unclear. This study investigates the behavior of gravity currents influenced by ship motion through laboratory experiments, focusing on fluid dynamics and the mixing process between dense and light fluids under a single-ship passage disturbance. A lock-exchange setup with a ship-model control system was used, where ship velocity was linked to propeller rotation via the apparent advance coefficient. Particle image velocimetry and planar laser-induced fluorescence imaging were used to capture the synchronized data of the velocity and density fields. Three cases with different ship speeds were conducted: 2×, 3×, and 6× the current frontal velocities (uf). Three main stages of flow behavior were observed (approach, compression, and mixing), with the mixing stage further divided into three sub-phases: mixing enhancement, decay, and stratification. The findings revealed that higher ship speeds amplified density oscillations and sustained fluctuation periods, with the ship's wake generating significant turbulence and fluid mixing, particularly in the mixing stage. An exponential power-law decay model was applied to the turbulence intensity, which highlighted an increased stratification over time, ultimately reducing turbulent kinetic energy production. During mixing enhancement, the density change rate and turbulence intensity exhibited a linear relationship, which transitioned to a quadratic function in the decay phase, highlighting the dynamics between mixing and turbulence within the fluid. This study enhances our understanding of the effects of a single disturbance induced by ship motion on gravity currents.
Two-carrier model-fitting of Hall effect in semiconductors with dual-band occupation: A case study in GaN two-dimensional hole gas
Authors: Dill Joseph E. , Chang Chuan F. C. , Jena Debdeep , Xing Huili Grace
Published: January 2025

We develop a two-carrier Hall effect model-fitting algorithm to analyze temperature-dependent magnetotransport measurements of a high-density (∼4×1013cm−2) polarization-induced two-dimensional hole gas (2DHG) in a GaN/AlN heterostructure. Previous transport studies in GaN 2DHGs have reported a twofold reduction in 2DHG carrier density when cooled from room to cryogenic temperature. We demonstrate that this apparent drop in carrier density is an artifact of assuming one species of charge carrier when interpreting Hall effect measurements. Using an appropriate two-carrier model, we resolve light hole (LH) and heavy hole (HH) carrier densities congruent with self-consistent Poisson-k⋅p simulations and observe an LH mobility of ∼1400 cm2/Vs and HH mobility of ∼300 cm2/Vs at 2 K. This report constitutes the first experimental signature of LH band conductivity reported in GaN.
A pseudo-transient pressure gradient method for solving the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations
Authors: Alsaghir Ahmad M. , Mishra Shashank , Abdallah Shaaban , Bahk Je-Hyeong
Published: January 2025

The fundamental problem behind the numerical solutions of incompressible viscous flow equations lies in the lack of an update equation for the pressure field. In essence, there is no explicit relation that can be utilized to update the pressure field from a given velocity field. Following the principle of the artificial compressibility method and considering that it is the pressure gradient that drives incompressible flows, this study introduces a new primitive variables method to solve the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations. This method ensures that the continuity condition is rigorously satisfied at every grid point within the flow domain. Its principle lies in modifying the continuity equation to include a pseudo-transient pressure gradient term that vanishes upon convergence, which allows the incompressibility constraint to be satisfied to machine zero. This method eliminates the numerical difficulties associated with pressure-based solvers and improves the convergence of all dependent variables. Numerical solutions for three steady-state validation problems, namely fully developed channel flow, lid-driven cavity flow (2D and 3D), and flow in a constricted channel, are obtained to validate the proposed method. The results show good agreement with solutions available in the literature and demonstrate substantially improved convergence.
Flow characteristics and cuttings transport during high-voltage electric pulse rock-breaking
Authors: Liu Xianao , Tan Songcheng , Ye Xiaoping , Li Shaojun , Li Changping , Duan Longchen
Published: January 2025

High-voltage electric pulse rock-breaking has shown great potential for application in breaking hard rock. However, there has been a lack of research on the design of the hydraulic structure of the electrode bit and the characteristics of the wellbore flow field and cuttings transport. In this paper, the hydraulic structure of the bit was designed, and the cuttings transport model was established based on the computational fluid dynamics–discrete element method. The effects of drilling parameters and hydraulic structure on the flow field and cuttings transport were studied. The results showed that the flow field could be divided into jet impact zone, overflow zone, dead zone, vortex zone, and up-return zone. Vortexes were formed outside the central nozzle. The cuttings formed the circular transport zones and the vertical particle belts during transport, with residuals in the dead zone. The effect of cuttings transport was improved with increased pump volume and drilling fluid viscosity. The increase in pump volume increased the hydraulic energy of the fluid. The increase in drilling fluid viscosity increased the viscous force of the fluid. Reducing the nozzle diameter increased the jet velocity and fluid shear and enhanced the ability of the fluid to suspend and carry cuttings, but the coverage areas were concentrated. The impact of a small nozzle angle was more concentrated, and the low-speed area was large, next only to the dead zone area. The research results had a certain application value for realizing high-voltage electric pulse continuous drilling and electrode bit hydraulic structure design.
Impact of rotor solidity and blade number on wake characteristics of vertical-axis wind turbines
Authors: Yushan Redili , Zhou Dai , Zhang Rui , Chen Yaoran , Kuang Limin , Zhang Kai , Han Zhaolong , Zhu Hongbo
Published: January 2025

Wake interference between wind turbines is a major concern in wind farms and is primarily driven by the wake of upstream turbines. For vertical-axis wind turbines (VAWTs), although previous studies have explored how various geometrical parameters affect their wake, three-dimensional numerical analyses regarding rotor solidity and blade number remain limited. To bridge this gap, based on high-accuracy improved delayed detached-eddy simulations, this study first investigates the impact of rotor solidity (σ) in the range of 0.12–0.6 on the wake characteristics of three-bladed VAWTs. Then, the wake fields of two- and three-bladed VAWTs with the same solidity are compared. The results show that the increased σ leads to larger wake widths, stronger wake asymmetry, larger velocity deficits in the near wake region, and faster wake recovery in the moderate and far wake regions. From the perspective of building efficient wind farms, a lower σ (e.g., 0.12) is suggested if the turbine spacing is relatively small (e.g., 2 D, where D is the rotor diameter), while a higher σ (e.g., 0.48) is more favorable for a larger turbine spacing (e.g., 7 D). With decreasing blade number, the strength and instability of the tip vortices increase, which promotes vortex dissipation and shear layer destabilization, resulting in smaller wake widths and faster wake recovery in the vertical plane. For a relatively high σ, the two-bladed design benefits the downstream turbine performance. These findings support the selection of turbine geometries in designing wind farms.
Characteristics of inter-pulse coupling regimes during nanosecond pulse discharge with elevated single-pulse energy in flowing mixtures
Authors: Zhang Fan , Ban Yangyang , Zhong Shenghui , Li Zhenwei , Pei Yiqiang
Published: January 2025

A two-dimensional plasma fluid model for the non-equilibrium nanosecond repetitively pulsed (NRP) plasma-assisted ignition/combustion (PAI/PAC) computation is established by solving two-term Boltzmann and fluid equations in OpenFOAM. The effects of inter-pulse coupling on ignition in a flowing CH4/Air mixture with low and high energy per pulse (Epp) are investigated with a fully analytic Jacobian for simulation speedup. Three inter-pulse coupling regimes are reproduced and examined with varied pulse repetition frequency (PRF) and Epp under a wide range of inlet flow velocities. The relationship between Da number (an analogous turbulent Damkohler number) and pulse interaction regime (PIR) number under, varied velocities and PRFs, is obtained to characterize different regimes. Under low Epp, the fully coupled cases with a high PRF of 100 and 80 kHz have a higher ignition performance, while the partially coupled (20 kHz) and decoupled (10 kHz) cases fail to ignite the 20 m/s flowing mixture. It is explained that more fresh fuel is injected into the discharge zone with PRF decreasing, and hydroxyl (OH) is transported out of the discharge zone before the subsequent discharge, leading to the weakened OH accumulation effect. By increasing Epp, self-sustained flames are established in both partially coupled and decoupled cases with large flame areas, elevated flame kernel growth rates, and low maximum temperatures compared with the fully coupled case. The comparison of spark equilibrium plasma and NRP nonequilibrium plasma shows that the elevated Epp dominates the ignition when the PRF decreases to the decoupled regime. Although there is a lack of OH accumulation effect, the kinetic impact of the collision of the electron and excited states with oxygen and fuel enhancing the formation of O and H atoms by NRP discharge contributes to the higher ignition ability. However, increasing Epp in the fully coupled regime has an insignificant effect on ignition for almost the same flame areas among NRP and spark discharges. In a nutshell, the combination of lower PRF and elevated Epp has a significant effect on flame initiation and propagation due to the longer discharge time and non-overlapping OH, while excessive OH accumulation for the higher PRF in the fully coupled regime is unfavorable for flame propagation.
Discrimination of three symmetric states
Authors: Li Lan-lan , Zhang Wen-hai , Zhang Ke , Fan Cheng-yu
Published: January 2025

The quantum state discrimination problem is ubiquitous in quantum information and serves as the foundation for many quantum communication schemes proposed so far. This paper investigates the optimal discrimination of three symmetric quantum states with equal prior probabilities. To obtain completely accessible information about the input pure states, this strategy makes improvements to the two standard strategies of quantum state discrimination, namely the minimum error discrimination and unambiguous discrimination. The new discrimination strategy proposed in this paper can be applied to both linearly independent and dependent quantum states.
Experimental and fractal analysis on wettability of rough structures
Authors: Wu Chunxia , Sun Yalong , Liang Fuye , Zhao Kai , Tang Heng , Tang Yong
Published: January 2025

The influence of a rough structure on wettability has been widely studied, but the quantitative relationship between surface wettability and structure with the same roughness has been largely ignored. In this work, a model describing the contact angle of rough surfaces with the same roughness is proposed based on fractal parameters. Hydrophilic or hydrophobic multiscale aluminum alloy random rough surfaces were prepared by chemical etching with different solutions. The fractal dimension and the scale parameter of the rough structures are determined by the fractal roughness model based on the Weierstras–Mandelbrot function. The influences of chemical etching parameters on fractal parameters and wettability were studied by using the extreme variance method. In addition, the theoretical contact angles calculated by the Wenzel and Cassie-Basic models based on fractal parameters are compared with the measured results. Although the Wenzel model is more suitable for the chemical-treated structures, there is a gap between the predicted value and the measured value as it ignores the air gaps between the liquid and the rough surface. The coefficients of the Wenzel model are modified and verified according to the experimental results. For the chemical-treated rough structures, the error between the measured and theoretical values of the modified Wenzel model is about 10%.
Partial PdAu nanoparticle embedding into TiO
2
support accentuates catalytic contributions from the Au/TiO
2
interface
Authors: Lim Kang Rui Garrick , Kaiser Selina K. , Herring Connor J. , Kim Taek-Seung , Perich Marta Perxés , Garg Sadhya , O’Connor Christopher R. , Aizenberg Michael , van der Hoeven Jessi E. S. , Reece Christian , Montemore Matthew M. , Aizenberg Joanna
Published: January 2025

Despite the broad catalytic relevance of metal–support interfaces, controlling their chemical nature, the interfacial contact perimeter (exposed to reactants), and consequently, their contributions to overall catalytic reactivity, remains challenging, as the nanoparticle and support characteristics are interdependent when catalysts are prepared by impregnation. Here, we decoupled both characteristics by using a raspberry-colloid-templating strategy that yields partially embedded PdAu nanoparticles within well-defined SiO
2
or TiO
2
supports, thereby increasing the metal–support interfacial contact compared to nonembedded catalysts that we prepared by attaching the same nanoparticles onto support surfaces. Between nonembedded PdAu/SiO
2
and PdAu/TiO
2
, we identified a support effect resulting in a 1.4-fold higher activity of PdAu/TiO
2
than PdAu/SiO
2
for benzaldehyde hydrogenation. Notably, partial nanoparticle embedding in the TiO
2
raspberry-colloid-templated support increased the metal–support interfacial perimeter and consequently, the number of Au/TiO
2
interfacial sites by 5.4-fold, which further enhanced the activity of PdAu/TiO
2
by an additional 4.1-fold. Theoretical calculations and in situ surface-sensitive desorption analyses reveal facile benzaldehyde binding at the Au/TiO
2
interface and at Pd ensembles on the nanoparticle surface, explaining the connection between the number of Au/TiO
2
interfacial sites (via the metal–support interfacial perimeter) and catalytic activity. Our results demonstrate partial nanoparticle embedding as a synthetic strategy to produce thermocatalytically stable catalysts and increase the number of catalytically active Au/TiO
2
interfacial sites to augment catalytic contributions arising from metal–support interfaces.
Construction Grammar, multimodal communication, and design
features of language
Authors: Verhagen Arie
Published: January 2025

The issue of the constructional status of a pattern of multimodal communication involves the
necessity to determine the position of the pattern on several distinct dimensions. Does it use the auditory or the
visual channel, or both? To what degree is it entrenched, conventional, or both? Does it exploit depictive or
descriptive techniques of communication, or both? An answer to one of these questions does not determine the answers
in the other dimensions; they correlate only partly. As a result, there can be no single combination of values on the
dimensions such that it determines the constructional status of the pattern (yes or no). But while the correlations
are only partial, particular values on some dimensions are differentially ‘attracted’ to certain values on another one
(e.g. speech seems to be more attracted to conventionality than vision). In this paper, I demonstrate these points and
explore some conceptual and causal differences and connections between these dimensions, for the purpose of enhancing
conceptual clarity and distinguishing terminological from truly empirical issues.
Utterance comprehension in spontaneous speech
Authors: Machač Pavel , Fried Mirjam
Published: January 2025

The nature of spontaneous speech raises questions concerning the relationship between phonetic
reductions and unimpaired comprehension of an utterance. The results of a pilot experiment based on individual
production and community perception in Czech spontaneous conversations suggest that there is detectable patterning in
how and where speakers tend to save articulatory effort without compromising listeners’ comprehension. We identify
several non-phonetic factors that appear to motivate the reductions and their position in utterances: information
structure, semantic content, morphosyntactic redundancy, and syntactic organization. Based on our findings, we suggest
that constructional representations should incorporate the ways in which grammatical organization and phonetics may
‘fill in’ for each other in the course of the collaborative interpretive effort during spontaneous interaction.
The prosody of list constructions
Authors: Masini Francesca , Combei Claudia Roberta , Cicchirillo Roberta
Published: January 2025

The paper addresses one of the current hot topics within Construction Grammar, namely the
integration of phonetic and phonological features into constructions. More specifically, we investigate some
suprasegmental features of list constructions in spontaneous Italian speech, in order to (i) unveil their role and
relevance in the identification and interpretation of lists, and (ii) assess which traits might be incorporated into
their representation. To this end, we analyze a sample of 92 naturally occurring lists (produced by 53 different
speakers), taken from corpora of spoken Italian. We consider only nominal lists, with minimum three conjuncts and no
general extenders. Our results show that lists have a recognizable prosodic profile and that some of their
morphosyntactic and functional properties match some of the acoustic-prosodic and intonational features considered in
our study. First, lists turned out to be characterized by a lower speech/articulation rate with respect to non-listing
speech. Second, non-compositional lists, which require a greater processing effort, are slower than more compositional
lists. Third, all lists, irrespective of their interpretation, are typically associated with tonal parallelism. These
features were therefore incorporated into the list constructional network.
Towards a functional perspective on multimodal
constructions
Authors: Lehmann Claudia
Published: January 2025

The paper argues in favor of taking a functional perspective on constructions. To this end, a
stance-related construction, Tell me about it, and its multimodal delivery in spoken language will be
analyzed on a larger scale using the NewsScape Library of International Television News (Steen & Turner, 2013). The quantitative analysis shows that
stance-related Tell me about it is longer in duration, accompanied by head movements and raised
eyebrows, and the withdrawal of eye contact with the recipient. These findings will eventually be treated as evidence
for the view that (multimodal) constructions and some unimodal, nonverbal constructions form a network of functionally
related constructions.
Pragmatic and prosodic aspects of the negative directive
ðe mu les? (‘tell me’) in Greek conversation
Authors: Alvanoudi Angeliki
Published: January 2025

This study examines the pragmatic and prosodic aspects of the Greek negative directive ðe
mu les? (neg pn.1sg.gen say.2sg.prs) ‘tell me’ (lit. ‘don’t you tell me?’),
bringing together conversation-analytic informed Interactional Linguistics and Construction Grammar, and drawing on
naturally occurring data from audio-recorded conversations and telephone calls. It is shown that the negative
directive ðe mu les? construction is used as a discourse marker that signals disjunctive topic change
and displays specific prosodic properties, which are partly inherited from polar interrogatives and offer frames for
the interpretation of the construction in talk-in-interaction. The study enhances our understanding of the ways in
which prosody pairs with constructions and contributes to action formation.
Intensification in written L2 Italian
Authors: Spina Stefania , Glaznieks Aivars , Abel Andrea
Published: January 2025

The present study compares the use of adjective intensification in written L2 Italian production in South Tyrolean
upper secondary schools with that of young Italian native speakers. By relying on a Diasystematic Construction Grammar approach,
it explores the role of learners’ L1s, L2 proficiency levels and their linguistic environments as potential variables affecting
the use and choice of different intensifying constructions. Results show that a dominant German-speaking linguistic environment is
a significant predictor of learners’ preferences for a syntactic over a morphological intensification type. Unexpectedly, however,
learners of Italian also make heavy use of the intensifying suffix — issimo, an unfamiliar construction in
German. Results also show a difference in the diversity of intensification types used by learners compared to native speakers.
Learners are limited to the most frequent types and make a very limited use of maximizers, which seem to be a “blind spot”.
Vagueness as an Implicitating Persuasive Strategy
Authors: Mannaioli Giorgia
Published: January 2025

The book presents an integrated model of vagueness as an implicit and persuasive strategy, pervasive in everyday language use and public discourse. It considers three macro-dimensions of the phenomenon: linguistic-theoretical, psychological, and social-discursive.
It shows how vagueness can be strategically employed to elude recipients’ critical evaluation of intended contents, to deresponsibilize the source and make their arguments unchallengeable.
It explores the semiotic, semantic, pragmatic and psycholinguistic nature of vagueness, and looks at its use in contemporary public (with a focus on Italian) discourse.
It also delves into under-explored aspects of the phenomenon such as: the continuum of intentionality in the use of vague expressions; the evolutionary significance of vagueness; its implicitating and persuasive functions; the phenomenon of vagueness by implicature; the interaction between vague expressions and context precisation; the cognitive functioning of vague expressions; the use of vagueness in contemporary persuasive vs. non-persuasive text types; gender-based differences in the use of vagueness in public discourse.
“¿Otra vez con fame? ¡Menudo llambión!”
Authors: Arias Álvarez Alba , Turrero García María
Published: January 2025

By adopting a matched-guise technique, the present study examines covert and overt attitudes towards Asturian, a
minoritized language spoken in Asturias (Northwestern Spain). The two phonetic Asturian variants empirically analyzed are Asturian
‘f-’ and ‘ll-’ vs. Spanish ‘h-’ and ‘l-’, respectively. Given the current stigmatization of Asturian, the hypothesis is that
guises in which the Asturian linguistic variants are employed will be judged as used by lower social status speakers in comparison
to those in which the Spanish variants are uttered. Results support this hypothesis. Furthermore, examples of covert prestige
towards Asturian were found in traits such as friendliness, generosity, and kindness. This project on Asturian linguistic
attitudes can provide insight into the types of initiatives that can be considered to restitute the language’s social prestige,
and thus give it additional social support with regards to its legal status.
Is there a typological profile of isolates?
Authors: Vuillermet Marine , Inman David , Chousou-Polydouri Natalia , Parker van Dam Kellen , Easterday Shelece , Rose Françoise
Published: January 2025

Across the linguistic literature, one occasionally encounters claims of typological differences
between isolates and non-isolates, but these are often vague, and tend to use isolates as proxies for small community
size, hunter-gatherer societies, and/or socially/geographically isolated languages. We compared the distribution of 89
phonological and morphosyntactic typological features between isolates and non-isolates using a worldwide sample of
215 languages (68 isolates vs. 147 non-isolates), in which we were unable to find a statistically significant
distinction. We discuss the relevance of our results for these claims, for the suggested proxy relationships between
isolates and other factors, and suggest possible avenues for future research.
Etymologies in a language isolate
Authors: Manterola Julen
Published: January 2025

This paper presents an introduction to Basque etymological studies from a variety of perspectives.
It emphasizes the importance of lexical families and introduces the notion of lexical isolate,
exploring its relevance for both etymological endeavors and hypotheses of genetic relationship. Subsequent sections
inventory some guidelines for etymological inquiries, addressing the formal and semantic aspects of etymologies and
delving into the specificities of loanwords. They do so while paying special attention to the particularities of
language isolates and illustrating all this with novel etymologies. The paper concludes with a proposal for assessing
the quality of etymologies in language isolates.
The Múra doculects and Múra-Pirahã historical linguistics
Authors: Carvalho Fernando Orphão de
Published: January 2025

In the absence of related languages, research on isolates must pay close attention to dialectal
differentiation. As these varieties are often poorly recorded in rather idiosyncratic pre-modern sources, a certain
amount of philological acumen is needed as well. This paper addresses Múra-Pirahã (Brazil) by examining the existing
sources on the Múra dialect(s). The main isoglosses characterizing the doculects are discussed, and a series of claims
on language contact are presented and evaluated. It is argued that the impact of Tupi-Guarani languages on Múra-Pirahã
is more complex and varied than assumed so far, and a series of novel claims on the role of Múra-Pirahã in the
diffusion of regional loanwords and Wanderwörter is advanced.
Euclidean actions and static black hole entropy in teleparallel theories
Authors: Kuntz Iberê , Paci Gregorio , Zanusso Omar
Published: January 2025

It is well-known that the results by Bekenstein, Gibbons and Hawking on the thermodynamics of black holes can be reproduced quite simply in the Euclidean path integral approach to quantum gravity. The corresponding partition function is obtained semiclassically, ultimately requiring only the on-shell Einstein–Hilbert action with opportune asymptotic subtractions. We elaborate on the fact that the same expressions for the thermodynamical quantities can be obtained within teleparallel equivalent theories, based on either torsion or nonmetricity, by employing quasilocal relations. Notably, the bulk integrals of these theories do not vanish on-shell but rather result in boundary terms themselves. Asymptotic subtractions of the latter are able to cancel out the divergences, ultimately leading to Bekenstein–Gibbons–Hawking’s results. As a non-trivial cross-check, we compute the bulk integrals directly without reference to the boundary terms. While the result agrees with the previous method for the torsion-based teleparallel theory, it differs for the nonmetricity theory. Specifically, upon regularizing the bulk integral using a fiducial reference frame, we find that the semiclassical partition function vanishes. To address this problem, we propose a simple prescription for Schwarzschild black holes, which involves keeping the nonmetric connection arbitrary and imposing thermal equilibrium. Generalizations of the results to more general modified gravity theories with antisymmetric degrees of freedom are also discussed.
Skyrmions in synthetic antiferromagnet nanorings for electrical signal generation
Authors: Kechrakos Dimitris , Meo Andrea , Garesci Francesca , Carpentieri Mario , Giordano Anna , Tomasello Riccardo , Finocchio Giovanni
Published: January 2025

Current-driven magnetic skyrmions show promise as carriers of information bits in racetrack magnetic memory applications. Specifically, the utilization of skyrmions in synthetic antiferromagnetic (SAF) systems is highly attractive due to the potential to suppress the skyrmion Hall effect, which causes a transverse displacement of driven skyrmions relative to the shift direction. In this study, we demonstrate, through analytical calculations and micromagnetic simulations, that in the case of a nanoring geometry, current-driven skyrmions achieve a stable circular motion with a constant frequency, which is a prerequisite for a skyrmion-based clock device. Notably, the operational frequency in a SAF nanoring surpasses that in a bilayer ferromagnetic-heavy metal nanoring and lies in the GHz regime for current densities of

40
×

10

10

A

m

−
2

. We also find that the performance of skyrmions in SAF nanorings is comparable to that of radial Néel domain walls for low current densities (approximately

30
×

10

10

A

m

−
2

) and low skyrmion densities (N
sk

≈

6). Additionally, we introduce a novel skyrmionic three-phase AC alternator based on a SAF nanoring, which operates at frequencies in the GHz regime. Our findings underscore the potential of SAF nanorings as constituent materials in clock devices with tunable frequencies operating in the GHz regime.
Emergent symmetries in prethermal phases of periodically driven quantum systems
Authors: Banerjee Tista , Sengupta K
Published: January 2025

Periodically driven closed quantum systems are expected to eventually heat up to infinite temperature; reaching a steady state described by a circular orthogonal ensemble. However, such finite driven systems may exhibit sufficiently long prethermal regimes; their properties in these regimes are qualitatively different from that of their corresponding infinite temperature steady states. These, often experimentally relevant, prethermal regimes host a wide range of phenomena; they may exhibit dynamical localization and freezing, host Floquet scars, display signatures of Hilbert space fragmentation, and exhibit time crystalline phases. Such phenomena are often accompanied by emergent approximate dynamical symmetries which have no analogue in equilibrium systems. In this review, we provide a pedagogical introduction to the origin and nature of these symmetries and discuss their role in shaping the prethermal phases of a class of periodically driven closed quantum systems.
Emergence of metal-semiconductor phase transition in MX2(M=Ni, Pd, Pt; X= S, Se, Te) moiré superlattices
Authors: Li Jie , Zhang Rui-Zi , Pan Jinbo , Chen Ping , Du Shixuan
Published: January 2025

Two-dimensional (2D) moiré superlattices with a small twist in orientation exhibit a broad range of physical properties due to the complicated intralayer and interlayer interactions modulated by the twist angle. Here, we report a metal-semiconductor phase transition in homojunction moiré superlattices of NiS2 and PtTe2 with large twist angles based on high-throughput screening of 2D materials MX2 (M=Ni, Pd, Pt; X= S, Se, Te) via density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Firstly, the calculations of different stacking configurations (AA, AB, and AC) reveal that AA stacking ones are stable for all the bilayer MX2. The metallic or semiconducting properties of these 2D materials remain invariable for different stacking without twisting except NiS2 and PtTe2. For the twisted configurations, NiS2 transfers from metal to semiconductor when the twist angles are 21.79°, 27.79°, 32.20°, and 60°. PtTe2 exhibits a similar transition at 60°. The phase transition is due to the weakened d-p orbital hybridization around the Fermi level as the interlayer distance increasing in the twisted configurations. Further calculations of untwisted bilayers with increasing interlayer distance demonstrate that all the materials undergo metal-semiconductor phase transition with the increased interlayer distance because of the weakened d-p orbital hybridization. These findings provide fundamental insights into tuning the electronic properties of moiré superlattices with large twist angles.
Exposing the dead-cone effect of jet quenching in QCD medium
Authors: Dai Wei , Zhang Ben-Wei 张本威 , Wang Enke
Published: January 2025

When an energetic parton traverses the hot QCD medium it may suffer multiple scattering and lose its energy. The medium-induced gluon radiation for a massive quark will be suppressed relative to that of a light quark due to the dead-cone effect. The development of new declustering techniques of jet evolution makes a direct study of the dead-cone effect in the QCD medium possible for the first time. In this work, we compute the emission angle distribution of the charm-quark initiated splittings in $\rm D^0$ meson tagged jet and that of the light parton initiated splittings in an inclusive jet in p+p and Pb+Pb at $\rm 5.02$~TeV by utilizing the declustering techniques of jet evolution. The heavy quark propagation and indued energy loss in the QCD medium are simulated with the SHELL model based on the Langevin equation. By directly comparing the emission angle distributions of charm-quark-initiated splittings with those of light parton-initiated splittings at the same energy intervals of the initial parton, we provide insights into the fundamental splitting structure in A+A collisions， thereby exploring the possible exposure of the dead-cone effect in medium-induced radiation. We further investigate the case of the emission angle distributions normalized to the number of splittings and find the dead-cone effect will broaden the emission angle of the splitting and reduce the possibility to occur such splitting, therefore leading the massive parton to lose less energy. We also find the collisional energy loss mechanism has a negligible impact on the medium modification to the emission angle distribution of the charm-quark initiated splittings for $\rm D^0$-meson tagged jets. Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. Article funded by SCOAP3 and published under licence by Chinese Physical Society and the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Science and the Institute of Modern Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and IOP Publishing Ltd
Anisotropic flow, flow fluctuation, and flow decorrelation in relativistic heavy-ion collisions: the roles of sub-nucleon structure and shear viscosity*
Authors: Zhu 朱 Jie 杰 , Wu 吴 Xiang-Yu 祥宇 , Qin 秦 Guang-You 广友
Published: January 2025

We study the transverse momentum (

) differential anisotropic flow and flow fluctuation in Pb+Pb collisions at

=5.02 TeV at the LHC. A (3+1)-dimensional CLVisc hydrodynamics framework with fluctuating TRENTO (or AMPT) initial conditions is utilized to simulate the space-time evolution of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) medium. The effects of shear viscosity and the sub-nucleon structure on anisotropic flow and flow fluctuation are analyzed. Our result shows that shear viscosity tends to suppress both flow coefficients (

,

, and

) and flow fluctuation (

) owing to its smearing effect on local density fluctuation. The flow coefficients appear to be insensitive to the sub-nucleon structure, whereas the flow fluctuation

tends to be suppressed by the sub-nucleon structure in central collisions but enhanced in peripheral collisions. After taking into account the sub-nucleon structure effect, our numerical result can qualitatively describe the relative flow fluctuations (

,

) measured by the ALICE Collaboration at the LHC. We further investigate the effects of shear viscosity, sub-nucleon structure, and initial condition model on the flow angle and flow magnitude decorrelations (

,

) using the four-particle correlation method. We find that the flow decorrelation effect is typically stronger in central collisions than in peripheral collisions. The flow angle decorrelation is found to be insensitive to the shear viscosity and sub-nucleon structure, whereas the flow magnitude decorrelation shows quite different behaviors when using the TRENTO and AMPT initial condition models. Our study sheds light on the anisotropic flow, transport properties, and initial structure of the QGP created in high-energy nuclear collisions.
Eight-element polarisation independent transmission trap detector with high attenuation
Authors: Vaigu Aigar , Kübarsepp Toomas , Ikonen Erkki
Published: January 2025

A polarisation-insensitive transmission trap detector was constructed from two identical polarisation-dependent transmission trap detectors, each containing four

10 mm

×

10 mm

silicon photodiodes. The performance of the 8-element polarisation-independent and coaxial input–output transmission trap detector has been characterised at laser wavelengths of 635 nm and 850 nm. The measured transmittances are lower than 10−4 and are in agreement with values calculated from the reflectances of single photodiodes. The measured relative transmittances and responsivities are independent of polarisation within 0.12%. The spectral responsivity is spatially uniform within 0.1% across an area of

4 mm

×

4 mm

, consistent with the expected variations due to the oxide layer thickness of the photodiodes.
Drift-Alfvén wave turbulence induced particle and heat transport in I-mode pedestal plasmas
Authors: Zhang Junang , Wang Lu , Guo Weixin
Published: January 2025

In this work, most of the weakly coherent mode (WCM) characteristics and the level of transport coefficients observed in I-mode pedestal plasmas of C-Mod are reproduced theoretically. The dispersion relation of drift-Alfvén wave (DAW) is analytically solved for both drift-wave (DW) and Alfvén wave branches, and the WCM is identified to be the DW branch. The frequency of DW branch in the laboratory frame is about 200 kHz, the poloidal phase velocity propagating in the direction of electron diamagnetic drift is around

7.0

km

⋅

s

−
1

, and the relative magnitude of normalized fluctuations of electron temperature, density and magnetic field are

|

T
~

e

T

e
0

|

/

|

n
~

e

n
0

|

≈
0.1

and

|

b

~

|

/

|

n
~

e

n
0

|

≈
8.3
×

10

−
4

, respectively, which are all consistent with the characteristics of WCM observed in C-Mod experiment. Moreover, the modulation-induced transport coefficients in the presence of DAW turbulence are calculated. It is found that the electromagnetic part of transport coefficient is about 10% of the electrostatic part. The particle diffusivity is

0.21

m

2

⋅

s

−
1

, which is about twice of the experimental value. Meanwhile, the electron thermal conductivity is

0.27

m

2

⋅

s

−
1

, and is in very good agreement with the corresponding experimental and simulation values. These results may advance the understanding of the underlying physics of turbulence and transport in the I-mode pedestal plasmas.
In Silico Study of Anticancer Activity of Acalypha indica Bioactive Compounds Against the ERα Receptor
Authors: Hayati E K , Sabarudin A , Aulanni’am  , Firdaus S A , Rafi M
Published: January 2025

Cancer is caused by the growth of abnormal cells in body tissues and is the second leading cause of death in the world, especially in women. The search for anticancer drug compounds continues in order to reduce the toxic effects of chemotherapy, making alternative treatments necessary. This study aims to evaluate the anticancer activity of sixteen bioactive compounds from Acalypha indica plants through the identification of target receptors and interaction studies using molecular docking methods against ERα (Estrogen receptor alpha) receptors. The results of molecular docking showed that, after optimization, the best anticancer candidates bioactive compounds tested from A. indica were myristyl sulfate, di-n-amyl phthalate, and catechins. The myristyl sulfate compound, with a ΔGbind value of −36.97 kcal/mol, forms hydrogen bond interactions with amino acids Gly216 and His219; the di-n-amyl phthalate compound, with a ΔGbind value of −32.81 kcal/mol, forms hydrogen bond interactions with the amino acid Thr42; and catechin, with a ΔGbind value of −25.5 kcal/mol, forms hydrogen bond interactions with amino acids Glu48, Met38, and Thr42, which are similar to those of the comparative drug doxorubicin. Therefore, the docking results for the bioactive compounds myristyl sulfate, di-n-amyl phthalate, and catechin with the ERα receptor suggest that they have the potential to serve as alternative anticancer drug candidates.
The Structure of Hematite Pigment from Lathe Waste Using Guava Leave Extract by Hydrothermal Method
Authors: Khoiroh L M , Nisa D A , Akbar R F A
Published: January 2025

Lathe waste contains 97% iron, which has the potential as a raw material for producing hematite pigment (α-Fe2O3). Guava leaf extract contains tannin, a reducing agent in synthesizing hematite. In this study, hematite was synthesized using the hydrothermal method at temperatures of 120, 140, and 160°C, then calcined for 3 hours at a temperature of 750°C. XRD, Color reader, FTIR, and SEM characterized the resulting products. The XRD characterization shows that the product before and after calcination was hematite with a rhombohedral structure. Hematite before calcination resulted in an amorphous phase and formed high crystallinity and purity after calcination. The crystal size of hematite ranges from 24.8-34.2 nm. The Color values such as the degree of redness, yellowness, brightness, chroma, and hue are by the hematite pigment standard. The results of FTIR identification on samples before and after calcination have formed hematite with a typical Fe-O group at wave numbers 471 and 575 cm−1. SEM results show that the resulting morphology was not uniform, and aggregate occurs, the necessity for further research to optimize the material’s properties, thereby improving its functionality for applications as a pigment and in other relevant fields.
Prospects for Utilizing Codiaeum variegatum L. Leaf Extract to Inhibit Propionibacterium acnes and Bacillus subtilis Growth
Authors: Hastuti U S , Sulisetijono S , Zahida N S , Labibah S B , Abdini A , Sulistiyowati N , Arlan L , Yanti V R , Puspitasari D R
Published: January 2025

Codiaeum variegatum L plant is medicinal plant, this plant can produce antibacterial secondary metabolites, namely: alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and steroids. The research is done to: examine the antibacteria effect of C. variegatum leaves ethanol extract with various concentrations against the growth inhibition of P. acnes; examine the antibacteria effect of C. variegatum leaves ethanol extract with various concentrations against the growth inhibition of B. subtilis; determine the most effective concentration of C. variegatum leaves ethanol extract to inhibit P. acnes growth; and determine the most effective concentration of C. variegatum leaves ethanol extract to inhibit B. subtilis growth. Extraction using maceration method. The antibacteria effect determination of C. variegatum leaf extract used the agar well diffusion method, each well was filled with bacteria liquid culture and incubated at 37 °C for 1 × 24 hours. The research results are there is antibacteria effect of ethanol extract C. variegatum leaves to inhibit P. acnes and B. subtilis growth; the most effective concentration of C. variegatum ethanol extract leaves to inhibit the growth of P. acnes is 90%, while the most effective concentration in inhibit B. subtilis is 100%.
Phytochemical Profile, Antioxidant and Anti-Methanogen Potential of Red Betel (Piper crocatum Ruiz and Pav) Leaf Extracts By Different Solvents
Authors: Setiasih S. , Anggraeny Y. N. , Antonius  , Puspito S. , Istiqomah N. , Bakrie B. , Indriatie R. , Rachmawati D. , Wardi W. , Latifah E.
Published: January 2025

The red betel leaf (Piper crocatum) from the island of Sulawesi which is used as a medicinal plant. The red betel leaf contains secondary metabolite compounds that function as bioactive substances. This research aims to determine the phytochemical content and potential antioxidant and anti-methanogen activity of red betel leaf extracts. This research was conducted at the herbal laboratory of Materia Medika, Batu City, East Java. The raw material used was red betel leaf obtained from Materia Medika Garden. The extraction of red betel leaves used 3 types of solvents with different polarities, namely n-hexane, ethyl acetate and 70% ethanol. The content of red betel leaf extracts with different solvents showed total phenols 6.5-16.43 mg/g, total tannins 1,05-4,31 mg/g, total flavonoids 8.11-18.3 mg/g. The antioxidant activity of ethyl acetate red betel leaf extract was IC50 167.1. Anti-methanogen contained in red betel leaf extracts can reduce the number of methanogens with inhibitory power 13. 34% - 55.02%. The conclusion of this study is that red betel leaf extract has the potential to be used as a feed additive and reduce methane gas emissions in ruminants.
Application of Eco-Interior Design Concept in Kollektiv Hotel Bandung
Authors: Roboy E O , Mulyadi
Published: January 2025

Currently, the port authorities intentionally neglect more than seventeen million shipping containers worldwide, as it is not economically viable to return them to their original locations. Given the current circumstances, we have the opportunity to transform used containers into shipping container buildings, thereby incorporating eco-friendly and sustainable practices into our modern era. Several studies have been conducted on used containers, with a focus on architectural objects, thermal comfort, and life cycle assessment. The research aims to enrich and develop knowledge about sustainable design, particularly in the concept of eco-interior design, especially in hospitality facilities. This research uses purposive sampling, with the sample being Kollektiv Hotel’s in Bandung. We employed a descriptive qualitative methodology and conducted data analysis based on Kusumarini’s eco-interior concepts. The eco-interior design attributes applied include space organisation, material selection, lighting systems, ventilation systems, water sanitation, indoor pollution, electromagnetic emissions, and waste management within the space. This research confirms the importance of eco-interior application for container buildings and is expected to serve as a reference for evaluating the application of the eco-interior concept in the hospitality industry.
Utilization of Glass-Beads for Interior Surface Material with an Experience Approach
Authors: Mulyono A , Nadim
Published: January 2025

Glass is one of the building materials that will be a problem to the environment when disposed of after use because It cannot be decomposed like organic waste. However, glass waste can be recycled or reused as a component of new products. This research aims to determine how people respond to glass waste in bead form when mixed as an interior surface material component. Experiments combine several types of glass beads embedded in polyester resin. Participants who are concise of designers and users are invited to give their opinions about the materials. The research employs the Material-Driven Design (MDD) method, a design approach that focuses on the unique properties of materials to guide the design process. The results of processed glass waste in several samples were explored to identify the sensory, interpretative, and affective responses. The test results found that there are tendencies to have the sensory response as a strong material. Emotionally, the material applied glass beads with violet color surrounding drew strong attention that stimulated feelings of fascination and curiosity. The created samples are recommended for commercial and modern facilities such as cafes or restaurants.