bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Properties of AKR‐Like Emissions Recorded by the Low Altitude Satellite DEMETER During 6.5 Years
Authors: Parrot M. , Němec F. , Santolík O.
Published: June 2022

Normally, auroral kilometric radiation (AKR) which is emitted in the auroral zones escapes from the Earth. But since a few decades very similar radiations are observed by ground‐based receivers and by satellites at altitudes below the AKR generation area. They are called leaked AKR or AKR‐like emissions because it is expected that there are linked to AKR. This paper deals with observations of such AKR‐like emissions observed in the auroral zones (in the North and in the South) by the low‐altitude satellite DEMETER. In total, 2,526 events have been recorded during 6.5 years. These events are not very rare as they occur at least 2% of the time. Although this data set has a severe flaw due to a latitudinal constraint, it was possible to draw interesting properties of these emissions. In fact they are very similar to usual AKR observed at much higher altitudes during auroral activities (the same frequency range, magnetic local time (MLT) sector, and invariant latitude). The main difference concerns a strong asymmetry between the Northern and the Southern hemispheres: (a) the number of AKR‐like emissions in the Northern hemisphere is 32% larger than in the Southern hemisphere but this percentage decreases when the auroral activity increases, and (b) there is an important seasonal effect because the number of events decreases during the winter season both in the North and in the South.
Insolation and CO2 Impacts on the Spatial Differences of the MIS‐9 and MIS‐11 Climate Between Monsoonal China and Central Asia
Authors: Lu Hao , Yin Qiuzhen , Wu Zhipeng , Shi Feng , Hao Qingzhen , Xia Dunsheng , Guo Zhengtang
Published: June 2022

On the Chinese Loess Plateau, the development of the paleosol S3 that was formed during the MIS‐9 interglacial is weaker than some other paleosol units such as the S4 soil that was formed during the MIS‐11 interglacial, suggesting relatively drier climate condition during MIS‐9. By contrast, in Tajikistan of southern central Asia, the S3 is the most developed soil over the past 800 ka, indicating relatively warm and humid climate conditions. The difference in the paleosol formation and the MIS‐9 climate between monsoonal China and central Asia is intriguing. In this study, we combine loess records from monsoonal China and central Asia as well as climate simulation results to understand the spatial difference of the MIS‐9 climate in particular in comparison with the climate of MIS‐11. Our results show that under the combined effects of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and insolation, the simulated effective moisture conditions between northern China and southern central Asia are consistent with the loess records. Insolation leads to much more annual mean precipitation than GHG during MIS‐9 in southern central Asia, explaining a much wetter MIS‐9 there. By contrast, both insolation and GHG lead to more annual mean precipitation and evaporation during MIS‐9 in northern China, leading only to a slight difference in the effective moisture between MIS‐9 and MIS‐11. In addition, compared to MIS‐11, the higher insolation and GHG concentration during MIS‐9 generate an anomalous atmospheric circulation pattern similar to negative phase of North Atlantic Oscillation, favoring precipitation increase in southern central Asia.
Potential Impact of GNSS Positioning Errors on the Satellite‐Navigation‐Based Air Traffic Management
Authors: Xue Dabin , Yang Jian , Liu Zhizhao
Published: June 2022

The traditional air traffic management (ATM) is transforming to the Communication, Navigation, Surveillance/ATM, which relies on accurate Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) navigation service, particularly during the final approach and landing phases. However, in the event of adverse space weather, there may be a significant increase in total electron contents (TECs) and irregularities in the ionosphere, which may cause considerable GNSS positioning errors. As a result, the aircraft navigation mode has to be switched from satellite navigation to ground navigation, which will reduce the airport acceptance rate and cause an imbalance between flight demands and airport capacity. The ATM authority will have to make tactical measures to remedy the problem, such as flight rescheduling and even cancellations. Hong Kong International Airport (HKIA) is one of the busiest airports in the world and Hong Kong, located in the equatorial ionosphere anomaly region, is prone to impacts of space weather. Thus, we have created a hypothesis scenario in this study by analyzing projected flight data from the HKIA during a simulated geomagnetic storm. Calculation results show that without an ionospheric delay forecast, the potential financial costs related to airlines due to flight delays, cancellations, and diversions could be over 2 million Euros. These costs decrease with an increased lead time of ionospheric delay forecast and the inaccurate ionospheric delay forecast can also result in significant extra costs. We also estimate the time cost of flight delays to passengers can be between 1.7 and 3.0 million Euros.
Relative sea-level data preclude major late Holocene ice-mass change in Pine Island Bay
Authors: Braddock Scott , Hall Brenda L. , Johnson Joanne S. , Balco Greg , Spoth Meghan , Whitehouse Pippa L. , Campbell Seth , Goehring Brent M. , Rood Dylan H. , Woodward John
Published: June 2022

The rapidly retreating Thwaites and Pine Island glaciers together dominate present-day ice loss from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet and are implicated in runaway deglaciation scenarios. Knowledge of whether these glaciers were substantially smaller in the mid-Holocene and subsequently recovered to their present extents is important for assessing whether current ice recession is irreversible. Here we reconstruct relative sea-level change from radiocarbon-dated raised beaches at sites immediately seawards of these glaciers, allowing us to examine the response of the earth to loading and unloading of ice in the Amundsen Sea region. We find that relative sea level fell steadily over the past 5.5 kyr without rate changes that would characterize large-scale ice re-expansion. Moreover, current bedrock uplift rates are an order of magnitude greater than the rate of long-term relative sea-level fall, suggesting a change in regional crustal unloading and implying that the present deglaciation may be unprecedented in the past ~5.5 kyr. While we cannot preclude minor grounding-line fluctuations, our data are explained most easily by early Holocene deglaciation followed by relatively stable ice positions until recent times and imply that Thwaites and Pine Island glaciers have not been substantially smaller than present during the past 5.5 kyr.
A single sensor controls large variations in zinc quotas in a marine cyanobacterium
Authors: Mikhaylina Alevtina , Ksibe Amira Z. , Wilkinson Rachael C. , Smith Darbi , Marks Eleanor , Coverdale James P. C. , Fülöp Vilmos , Scanlan David J. , Blindauer Claudia A.
Published: June 2022

Marine cyanobacteria are critical players in global nutrient cycles that crucially depend on trace metals in metalloenzymes, including zinc for CO2 fixation and phosphorus acquisition. How strains proliferating in the vast oligotrophic ocean gyres thrive at ultra-low zinc concentrations is currently unknown. Using Synechococcus sp. WH8102 as a model we show that its zinc-sensor protein Zur differs from all other known bacterial Zur proteins in overall structure and the location of its sensory zinc site. Uniquely, Synechococcus Zur activates metallothionein gene expression, which supports cellular zinc quotas spanning two orders of magnitude. Thus, a single zinc sensor facilitates growth across pico- to micromolar zinc concentrations with the bonus of banking this precious resource. The resultant ability to grow well at both ultra-low and excess zinc, together with overall lower zinc requirements, likely contribute to the broad ecological distribution of Synechococcus across the global oceans.
Air humidity and annual oscillations in 90Sr/90Y and 60Co decay rate measurements
Authors: Pommé S. , Pelczar K. , Kajan I.
Published: June 2022

Parkhomov published decay rate measurements of 90Sr/90Y and 60Co beta decay sources with Geiger–Müller counters which showed annual cyclic deviations with less than 0.2% amplitude from a purely exponential slope. He investigated instrument instability induced by environmental parameters, yet did not find a clear coincidence with local temperature, atmospheric pressure, and relative humidity. Parkhomov hypothesised that gravitationally-focussed ‘slow’ cosmic neutrinos influenced beta decay. In the current work, environmental conditions in the Moscow area at the time of the experiment are presented. There appears to be a resemblance of the shape of the annual 90Sr/90Y decay rate anomalies with the inverse of the absolute air humidity, albeit with an apparent time shift of 0.05–0.15 year. Humidity may have influenced the range of beta particles in air, as well as geometric and electronic properties of the detection set-up, however causality could not be unambiguously demonstrated. The instabilities in the 60Co data were more difficult to correlate with environmental data, except for some similarities with temperature and external dew point.
Stabilization of CDK6 by ribosomal protein uS7, a target protein of the natural product fucoxanthinol
Authors: Iizumi Yosuke , Sowa Yoshihiro , Goi Wakana , Aono Yuichi , Watanabe Motoki , Kurumida Yoichi , Kameda Tomoshi , Akaji Kenichi , Kitagawa Masatoshi , Sakai Toshiyuki
Published: June 2022

Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) regulate the cell cycle, which is important for cell proliferation and development. Cyclins bind to and activate CDKs, which then drive the cell cycle. The expression of cyclins periodically changes throughout the cell cycle, while that of CDKs remains constant. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying the constant expression of CDKs, we search for compounds that alter their expression and discover that the natural product fucoxanthinol downregulates CDK2, 4, and 6 expression. We then develop a method to immobilize a compound with a hydroxyl group onto FG beads®and identify human ribosomal protein uS7 (also known as ribosomal protein S5) as the major fucoxanthinol-binding protein using the beads and mass spectrometry. The knockdown of uS7 induces G1 cell cycle arrest with the downregulation of CDK6 in colon cancer cells. CDK6, but not CDK2 or CDK4, is degraded by the depletion of uS7, and we furthermore find that uS7 directly binds to CDK6. Fucoxanthinol decreases uS7 at the protein level in colon cancer cells. By identifying the binding proteins of a natural product, the present study reveals that ribosomal protein uS7 may contribute to the constant expression of CDK6 via a direct interaction.
Limited nutrient availability in the tumor microenvironment renders pancreatic tumors sensitive to allosteric IDH1 inhibitors
Authors: Vaziri-Gohar Ali , Cassel Joel , Mohammed Farheen S. , Zarei Mehrdad , Hue Jonathan J. , Hajihassani Omid , Graor Hallie J. , Srikanth Yellamelli V. V. , Karim Saadia A. , Abbas Ata , Prendergast Erin , Chen Vanessa , Katayama Erryk S. , Dukleska Katerina , Khokhar Imran , Andren Anthony , Zhang Li , Wu Chunying , Erokwu Bernadette , Flask Chris A. , Zarei Mahsa , Wang Rui , Rothermel Luke D. , Romani Andrea M. P. , Bowers Jessica , Getts Robert , Tatsuoka Curtis , Morton Jennifer P. , Bederman Ilya , Brunengraber Henri , Lyssiotis Costas A. , Salvino Joseph M. , Brody Jonathan R. , Winter Jordan M.
Published: June 2022

Nutrient-deprived conditions in the tumor microenvironment (TME) restrain cancer cell viability due to increased free radicals and reduced energy production. In pancreatic cancer cells a cytosolic metabolic enzyme, wild-type isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (wtIDH1), enables adaptation to these conditions. Under nutrient starvation, wtIDH1 oxidizes isocitrate to generate α-ketoglutarate (αKG) for anaplerosis and NADPH to support antioxidant defense. In this study, we show that allosteric inhibitors of mutant IDH1 (mIDH1) are potent wtIDH1 inhibitors under conditions present in the TME. We demonstrate that low magnesium levels facilitate allosteric inhibition of wtIDH1, which is lethal to cancer cells when nutrients are limited. Furthermore, the Food & Drug Administration (FDA)-approved mIDH1 inhibitor ivosidenib (AG-120) dramatically inhibited tumor growth in preclinical models of pancreatic cancer, highlighting this approach as a potential therapeutic strategy against wild-type IDH1 cancers.
South African dust contribution to the high southern latitudes and East Antarctica during interglacial stages
Authors: Gili Stefania , Vanderstraeten Aubry , Chaput Amélie , King James , Gaiero Diego M. , Delmonte Barbara , Vallelonga Paul , Formenti Paola , Di Biagio Claudia , Cazanau Mathieu , Pangui Edouard , Doussin Jean-François , Mattielli Nadine
Published: June 2022

Mineral dust is a natural tracer of atmospheric composition and climate variability. Yet, there is still much to be known about the Southern Hemisphere dust cycle. Major efforts have attempted to solve the puzzle of the origin of the potential source areas contributing dust to the Southern Ocean and East Antarctica. Here we present a comprehensive geochemical characterization of a source area, whose role as a dust supplier to high latitude environments has significantly been underestimated. Sediments collected within the major dust-producing areas along the Namibian coast in Southern Africa (Kuiseb, Omaruru and Huab river catchments and the Namib Sand Sea region), were analyzed for radiogenic isotope ratios and rare earth element concentrations. We find that during warm periods, the Southern African dust signature can be found in archives of the Southern Hemisphere, especially in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean and peripheral areas of the East Antarctic plateau.
Highly efficient and enantioselective synthesis of chiral lactones via Ir-catalysed asymmetric hydrogenation of ketoesters
Authors: Song Jingyuan , Yin Congcong , Zhang Yao , Shi Yongjie , Li Yingjun , Chen Gen-Qiang , Zhang Xumu
Published: June 2022

We herein report an efficient asymmetric hydrogenation of ketoesters catalyzed by chiral iridium complex bearing ferrocene-based chiral ligands, furnishing a series of chiral lactones with up to 99% yield and up to 99% ee.
Oxygen vacancies on Nb2O5 enhanced the performance of H2O2 electrosynthesis from O2 reduction
Authors: Peng Xiaoge , Zhang Shijie , Bao Zhikang , Ding Lei , Wang Guoliang , Shao Yizhen , Xu Zaixiang , Ji Wenkai , Feng Ge , Wang Shibin , Zhong Xing , Wang Jianguo
Published: June 2022

The presence of oxygen vacancies on the Nb2O5 electrocatalyst increases the adsorption of oxygen and then accelerates the 2e− ORR.
Photochromic and electrochromic properties of a viologen-based multifunctional Cd-MOF
Authors: Li Hai-Yang , Hua Xue , Fu Ting , Liu Xiao-Fei , Zang Shuang-Quan
Published: June 2022

A novel multifunctional Cd-MOF possessing photochromic and electrochromic properties was constructed.
Modeling molecular J and H aggregates using multiple-Davydov D2 ansatz
Authors: Jakučionis Mantas , Žukas Agnius , Abramavičius Darius
Published: June 2022

A small non-orthogonal Gaussian state basis is able to simulate electron–vibrational molecular aggregates.
Photochemically triggered cheletropic formation of cyclopropenone (c-C3H2O) from carbon monoxide and electronically excited acetylene
Authors: Wang Jia , Kleimeier N. Fabian , Johnson Rebecca N. , Gozem Samer , Abplanalp Matthew J. , Turner Andrew M. , Marks Joshua H. , Kaiser Ralf I.
Published: June 2022

Cyclopropenone is one of few organic molecules detected in interstellar molecular clouds to date. Its formation mechanism from carbon monoxide and photoexcited acetylene is investigated, giving key insight into its formation in extreme conditions.
Liquid-like properties of cyclopentadienyl complexes of barium: molecular dynamics simulations of nanoscale droplets
Authors: Hyun Hye Ree , Han Jungim , Lim Juhyung , Park Young Jae , Choi Byoungki , Baik Chul , Kim Jun Soo
Published: June 2022

Molecular dynamics simulations of nanoscale droplets of cyclopentadienyl barium complexes present liquid-like structural and dynamic properties.
Venturi-based rapid expansion of supercritical solution (Vent-RESS): synthesis of liposomes for pH-triggered delivery of hydrophilic and lipophilic bioactives
Authors: Jash Apratim , Krueger Amy , Rizvi Syed S. H.
Published: June 2022

Liposome synthesis by venturi-based rapid expansion of supercritical solution (Vent-RESS) and subsequent surface coating for simultaneous pH-triggered delivery of hydrophilic and lipophilic bioactives.
Sustainable photoredox chemistry of a transient ternary complex: an unconventional approach toward trifluoromethylated hydroquinones
Authors: Lee Da Seul , Soni Vineet Kumar , Heo Seunga , Hwang Ho Seong , You Youngmin , Cho Eun Jin
Published: June 2022

Highly functional CF3–hydroquinones have been synthesized from benzoquinones and CF3SO2Na via a unique approach involving the formation of a transient ternary complex intermediate for facile photoinduced charge-transfer.
Metal–ligand bonding in tricarbonyliron(0) complexes bearing thiochalcone ligands
Authors: Matczak Piotr , Kupfer Stephan , Mlostoń Grzegorz , Buday Philipp , Görls Helmar , Weigand Wolfgang
Published: June 2022

Bonding interactions between iron and thiochalcones in a series of recently synthesized complexes were analyzed using various theoretical methods.
Bimetallic PdII complexes with NHC/Py/PCy3 donor set ligands: applications in α-arylation, Suzuki–Miyaura and Sonogashira coupling reactions
Authors: Majumder Adhir , Naskar Rajat , Phukan Shankab J. , Maity Ramananda
Published: June 2022

Bimetallic PdII complexes bearing mixed NHC/Py/PCy3 donor set ligands are presented. A complex with a mixed NHC/PCy3 donor set ligands shows superior activity compared to the PEPPSI type complexes in α-arylation and Sonogashira coupling reactions.
Correction: A novel G·G·T non-conventional intramolecular triplex formed by the double repeat sequence of Chlamydomonas telomeric DNA
Authors: Bansal Aparna , Phogat Priyanka , Kukreti Shrikant
Published: June 2022

Correction for ‘A novel G·G·T non-conventional intramolecular triplex formed by the double repeat sequence of Chlamydomonas telomeric DNA’ by Aparna Bansal et al., RSC Adv., 2022, 12, 15918–15924, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2RA00861K.
Bridging microscopic cell dynamics to nematohydrodynamics of cell monolayers
Authors: Ardaševa Aleksandra , Mueller Romain , Doostmohammadi Amin
Published: June 2022

A minimal framework bridges the gap between cell-scale forces and nematic features at the tissue scale, revealing activity-induced heterogeneities in collective cell organization.
Improved efficiency of an herbicide combining bentazone and terbuthylazine – can weeds be controlled with better environmental safety?
Authors: Queirós Libânia , Bouguerra Sirine , Pereira Ruth , Macário Inês P. E. , Santos Joana I. , Veloso Telma , Gonçalves Fernando J. M. , Pereira Patrícia , Pereira Joana Luísa
Published: June 2022

Herbicides are used in agriculture to control the negative impacts of weeds and improve agricultural yields. Authorized herbicidal active ingredients (AIs) were combined in multiple ways to produce distinct formulations targeting diverse weeds.
The emerging roles of deubiquitinases in plant proteostasis
Authors: Skelly Michael J.
Published: June 2022

Proper regulation of protein homeostasis (proteostasis) is essential for all organisms to survive. A diverse range of post-translational modifications (PTMs) allow precise control of protein abundance, function and cellular localisation. In eukaryotic cells, ubiquitination is a widespread, essential PTM that regulates most, if not all cellular processes. Ubiquitin is added to target proteins via a well-defined enzymatic cascade involving a range of conjugating enzymes and ligases, while its removal is catalysed by a class of enzymes known as deubiquitinases (DUBs). Many human diseases have now been linked to DUB dysfunction, demonstrating the importance of these enzymes in maintaining cellular function. These findings have led to a recent explosion in studying the structure, molecular mechanisms and physiology of DUBs in mammalian systems. Plant DUBs have however remained relatively understudied, with many DUBs identified but their substrates, binding partners and the cellular pathways they regulate only now beginning to emerge. This review focuses on the most recent findings in plant DUB biology, particularly on newly identified DUB substrates and how these offer clues to the wide-ranging roles that DUBs play in the cell. Furthermore, the future outlook on how new technologies in mammalian systems can accelerate the plant DUB field forward is discussed.
A giant planet shaping the disk around the very low-mass star CIDA 1
Authors: Curone P. , Izquierdo A. F. , Testi L. , Lodato G. , Facchini S. , Natta A. , Pinilla P. , Kurtovic N. T. , Toci C. , Benisty M. , Tazzari M. , Borsa F. , Lombardi M. , Manara C. F. , Sanchis E. , Ricci L.
Published: June 2022

Context. Exoplanetary research has provided us with exciting discoveries of planets around very low-mass (VLM) stars (0.08 M⊙ ≲ M* ≲ 0.3 M⊙; e.g., TRAPPIST-1 and Proxima Centauri). However, current theoretical models still strive to explain planet formation in these conditions and do not predict the development of giant planets. Recent high-resolution observations from the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) of the disk around CIDA 1, a VLM star in Taurus, show substructures that hint at the presence of a massive planet.

Aims. We aim to reproduce the dust ring of CIDA 1, observed in the dust continuum emission in ALMA Band 7 (0.9 mm) and Band 4 (2.1 mm), along with its 12CO (J = 3−2) and 13CO (J = 3−2) channel maps, assuming the structures are shaped by the interaction of the disk with a massive planet. We seek to retrieve the mass and position of the putative planet, through a global simulation that assesses planet-disk interactions to quantitatively reproduce protoplanetary disk observations of both dust and gas emission in a self-consistent way.

Methods. Using a set of hydrodynamical simulations, we model a protoplanetary disk that hosts an embedded planet with a starting mass of between 0.1 and 4.0 MJup and initially located at a distance of between 9 and 11 au from the central star. We compute the dust and gas emission using radiative transfer simulations, and, finally, we obtain the synthetic observations, treating the images as the actual ALMA observations.

Results. Our models indicate that a planet with a minimum mass of ~1.4 MJup orbiting at a distance of ~9−10 au can explain the morphology and location of the observed dust ring in Band 7 and Band 4. We match the flux of the dust emission observation with a dust-to-gas mass ratio in the disk of ~10−2. We are able to reproduce the low spectral index (~2) observed where the dust ring is detected, with a ~40−50% fraction of optically thick emission. Assuming a 12CO abundance of 5 × 10−5 and a 13CO abundance 70 times lower, our synthetic images reproduce the morphology of the 12CO (J = 3−2) and 13CO (J = 3−2) observed channel maps where the cloud absorption allowed a detection. From our simulations, we estimate that a stellar mass M* = 0.2 M⊙ and a systemic velocity vsys = 6.25 km s−1 are needed to reproduce the gas rotation as retrieved from molecular line observations. Applying an empirical relation between planet mass and gap width in the dust, we predict a maximum planet mass of ~4−8 MJup.

Conclusions. Our results suggest the presence of a massive planet orbiting CIDA 1, thus challenging our understanding of planet formation around VLM stars.
VLBI observations of GRB 201015A, a relatively faint GRB with a hint of very high-energy gamma-ray emission
Authors: Giarratana S. , Rhodes L. , Marcote B. , Fender R. , Ghirlanda G. , Giroletti M. , Nava L. , Paredes J. M. , Ravasio M. E. , Ribó M. , Patel M. , Rastinejad J. , Schroeder G. , Fong W. , Gompertz B. P. , Levan A. J. , O’Brien P.
Published: June 2022

Context. A total of four long-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) have been confirmed at very high-energy (≥100GeV) with high significance, and any possible peculiarities of these bursts will become clearer as the number of detected events increases. Multi-wavelength follow-up campaigns are required to extract information on the physical conditions within the jets that lead to the very high-energy counterpart, hence they are crucial to reveal the properties of this class of bursts.

Aims. GRB 201015A is a long-duration GRB detected using the MAGIC telescopes from ~40 s after the burst. If confirmed, this would be the fifth and least luminous GRB ever detected at these energies. The goal of this work is to constrain the global and microphysical parameters of its afterglow phase, and to discuss the main properties of this burst in a broader context.

Methods. Since the radio band, together with frequent optical and X-ray observations, proved to be a fundamental tool for overcoming the degeneracy in the afterglow modelling, we performed a radio follow-up of GRB 201015A over 12 different epochs, from 1.4 days (2020 October 17) to 117 days (2021 February 9) post-burst, with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array, e-MERLIN, and the European VLBI Network. We include optical and X-ray observations, performed respectively with the Multiple Mirror Telescope and the Chandra X-ray Observatory, together with publicly available data, in order to build multi-wavelength light curves and to compare them with the standard fireball model.

Results. We detected a point-like transient, consistent with the position of GRB 201015A until 23 and 47 days post-burst at 1.5 and 5 GHz, respectively. No emission was detected in subsequent radio observations. The source was also detected in optical (1.4 and 2.2 days post-burst) and in X-ray (8.4 and 13.6 days post-burst) observations.

Conclusions. The multi-wavelength afterglow light curves can be explained with the standard model for a GRB seen on-axis, which expands and decelerates into a medium with a homogeneous density. A circumburst medium with a wind-like profile is disfavoured. Notwithstanding the high resolution provided by the VLBI, we could not pinpoint any expansion or centroid displacement of the outflow. If the GRB is seen at the viewing angle θ that maximises the apparent velocity βapp (i.e. θ ~ βapp-1), we estimate that the Lorentz factor for the possible proper motion is Гα ≤ 40 in right ascension and Гδ ≤ 61 in declination. On the other hand, if the GRB is seen on-axis, the size of the afterglow is ≤5pc and ≤16pc at 25 and 47 days. Finally, the early peak in the optical light curve suggests the presence of a reverse shock component before 0.01 days from the burst.
ESC-Leitlinien 2021 zur Herzschrittmacher- und kardialen Resynchronisationstherapie – Systemwahl
Authors: Lemke Bernd
Published: June 2022

Die neuen ESC-Leitlinien haben gegenüber den vorherigen Leitlinien die Systematik teilweise verändert, kommen aber bei den herkömmlichen Schrittmacherindikationen und der hieraus
abgeleiteten Systemwahl zu vergleichbaren Ergebnissen. Als Standardoption wird bei allen Patienten ohne Vorhofflimmern ein Zweikammer-Schrittmacher (DDD) empfohlen. Dabei wird gefordert,
durch ein AV-Management (AVM) die ventrikuläre Impulsabgabe möglichst zu minimieren. Bei den erweiterten Indikationen im Bereich der AV-Blockierungen und Reizleitungsstörungen entsteht
dagegen durch die stärkere Berücksichtigung der kardialen Resynchronisationstherapie (CRT) und der Neuaufnahme der His-Bündel-Stimulation (HBP) ein sehr viel komplexeres Bild der
Therapiemöglichkeiten. Bei Patienten mit Herzinsuffizienz und eingeschränkter LV-Funktion (HFrEF) wird bei verbreitertem QRS-Komplex (> 130 ms), vor allem bei
Linksschenkelblock-Morphologie, die Implantation eines CRT-Systems empfohlen. Erstmals wurde die His-Bündel-Stimulation für Patienten, bei denen eine Koronarsinuselektrode nicht erfolgreich
zu platzieren ist, und für Patienten mit einer LVEF > 40% und über 20% ventrikuläre Stimulation in die Leitlinien aufgenommen.
Digitale Transformation des Gesundheitswesens – eine
Delphi-Studie der Arbeitsgruppen Digital Health und Validierung und Linkage von
Sekundärdaten des Deutschen Netzwerk Versorgungsforschung
(DNVF)
Authors: Vollmar Horst Christian , Lemmen Clarissa , Kramer Ursula , Richter Jutta G. , Fiebig Madlen , Hoffmann Falk , Redaèlli Marcus
Published: June 2022

Ziel der Studie Die digitale Transformation im Gesundheitswesen ist auch
für die Versorgungsforschung von elementarer Bedeutung. Daher sollten
Experten und Expertinnen Themenschwerpunkte für eine mittelfristige
Strategie des Deutschen Netzwerks für Versorgungsforschung konsentieren
und priorisieren sowie eine allgemeine Entwicklung von Digital Health im Kontext
der Versorgungsforschung einordnen.

Methodik Im Zeitraum von April bis September 2018 wurden die
Arbeitsgruppen „Digital Health“ und „Validierung und
Linkage von Sekundärdaten“ des Deutschen Netzwerk
Versorgungsforschung mit dem methodischen Ansatz einer Delphi Studie zur
Online-gestützten Abgabe ihrer Expertise gebeten. Dafür wurde
ein mehrstufiges modifiziertes Delphi-Verfahren mit quantitativen und
qualitativen Ansätzen gewählt. Initial wurde aus den
veröffentlichten Positionspapieren zu digitalen Gesundheitsanwendungen
und Medizin-Apps des Netzwerks ein erster Thesenkatalog ausgearbeitet. Insgesamt
konnten 131 Statements formuliert werden. Das finale Erhebungsinstrument
umfasste Fragen zum biografischen Hintergrund der Teilnehmer*innen, 42
entwickelte Items (33 Statements und 8 offene Fragen) und ein Freitextfeld, um
weitere Aspekte zu ergänzen. Die Thesenbewertung erfolgte mit einer
fünfstufigen Likert-Skala. Bei einem Zustimmungsgrad ab 75%
wurde ein Statement angenommen.

Ergebnisse Von den 110 potenziellen Teilnehmenden nahmen an der ersten
Runde der Delphi-Befragung 50 (46%) und an der zweiten Runde 39 Personen
(36%) teil. In Runde eins gab es bei 24 von 33 Statements ein
eindeutiges Ergebnis, 20 Statements wurde „zugestimmt“ und vier
wurden „abgelehnt“. Neun Statements lagen zwischen 60 und
75% und wurden in Runde zwei den Teilnehmenden nochmals zur Bewertung
vorgelegt. In der zweiten Runde wurde von diesen neun Statements vier Statements
„zugestimmt“ und fünf Statements wurden
„abgelehnt“. Als besonderer Fokus hat sich in dieser
Delphi-Studie die „Digitale Gesundheitskompetenz“
herauskristallisiert.

Schlussfolgerung In der vorliegenden Delphi-Studie wurden unter
Beteiligung von Experten und Expertinnen mögliche Themenschwerpunkte der
Arbeitsgruppe Digital Health ausgewählt, priorisiert und
zukünftige Entwicklungen von Digital Health im Kontext der
Versorgungsforschung eingeschätzt. Die Ergebnisse spiegeln sowohl die
Erwartungen und Interessen der Mitglieder*innen wieder, sind
weitestgehend kohärent mit den Empfehlungen des Gutachtens
„Digitalisierung für Gesundheit“ vom
Sachverständigenrat zur Begutachtung der Entwicklung im
Gesundheitswesen.
Factors Contributing to the Need for Non-Elective Explant following Surgical Repair of Tibial Tuberosity Avulsion Fracture
Authors: Arun Aparna , Park Stephanie J. , Pavia Philippa R. , Kalafut Sarah R. , Hofmeister Erik
Published: June 2022

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate factors contributing to the need for non-elective explant following surgical repair of tibial tuberosity avulsion fractures.

Study Design Retrospective multicentre case–control study. Over a 5-year period, dogs (n = 63) that underwent surgical repair of tibial tuberosity avulsion fractures (n = 64) were considered. Dogs that underwent a non-elective explant were compared with those that did not. Continuous variables were compared with the Mann–Whitney U test. Categorical variables were compared with the Fisher's exact test. Variables which were significant on univariate analysis were entered into a multiple logistic regression model. Significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results Non-elective explant was performed in 20/64 fractures and elective explant was performed in 2/64 fractures. Neutered dogs were found to be 19 times (95% confidence interval: 2.1–172) more likely to require explant compared with intact dogs (p = 0.009). Every 0.25 mm increase in average pin size was found to make it 2.5 times (95% confidence interval: 1.3–4.9) more likely to require explant (p = 0.006).

Conclusion The findings suggest that use of the smallest appropriate pin should be considered for standard surgical repair of tibial tuberosity avulsion fractures to minimize the risk of requiring non-elective explant.
An X-band meta-structure absorber based on gelated deep eutectic solvent
Authors: Saikia Sanghamitra , Bhattacharyya Nidhi S.
Published: June 2022

Herein, a meta-structure absorber (MSA) with gelated deep eutectic solvent (DES) is proposed and investigated at X-band (8.2–12.4 GHz). The ionic property of DES gel assists in enhancing absorption. The unit cell of the MSA is designed using a dumbbell-shaped resonating structure of gelated DES enclosed in a flexible silicone rubber substrate. The embedded dumbbell structure makes the MSA robust by promoting fast recovery after bending. The developed absorber is optimized for wideband absorption. The total thickness of the MSA is <3 mm. The measured results showed −40.02 dB reflection loss at 10.55 GHz with a −10 dB bandwidth of 3.34 GHz (9.06–12.4 GHz). Additionally, the proposed absorber shows polarization and incident angle insensitivity up to an angle of ±50° in both transverse electric and transverse magnetic modes. The mechanism involved in absorption is investigated through field analysis at resonating frequency. Possible application of the designed absorber in antenna isolation is studied for co-sited broadband horn antennas operating at the X-band.
Investigation of the bulk and point defect properties in uranium–plutonium mixed oxides (U,Pu)O2 using DFT+U: Effect of a low americium content
Authors: Talla Noutack Martin S. , Geneste Grégory , Jomard Gérald , Freyss Michel
Published: June 2022

We report an investigation of the effect of a low Am impurity content on bulk and point defect properties of mixed actinide oxide (U,Pu)O2. Using the generalized gradient approximation, (GGA + U) we study U0.75−zPu0.25AmzO2 with z = 3 and 6%. Several of its bulk properties have never been reported in the literature or are poorly known. The Hubbard term U is used to take into account the strong correlation effects related to the actinide 5f electrons. We find an electronic charge transfer between uranium and americium cations in the bulk crystal. Am(+IV) cations tend to easily reduce to Am(+III), and this reduction of Am(+IV) is compensated by the oxidation of U(+IV) to U(+V) in stoichiometric compounds. In turn, oxygen hypostoichiometry is accommodated by the reduction of U(+V) cations [which result from the presence of Am (+III) cations] before any reduction of the Pu cations. Furthermore, we show that Am induces a significant increase in the mixing enthalpy as well as a decrease in the lattice parameter of the (U,Pu)O2 solid solution, which is in agreement with early experimental studies. Finally, we show that americium facilitates the formation of oxygen vacancies in (U,Am)O2 compared to UO2, whereas it induces an increase in the formation energy of oxygen vacancies in (U,Pu,Am)O2 compared to (U,Pu)O2.
Wave Aspects of Light: Diffraction and Interference
Authors: Mondal Partha Pratim
Published: June 2022

Diffraction and interference are inherent properties of the wave nature of light. In short, diffraction describes the bending of light as it passes by sharp edges and gives rise to an intensity modulation called a diffraction pattern. On the other hand, interference depicts the similarity between two light waves. In general, light waves derived from the same source that travel along different paths and superimpose at a single location bear a definite phase relationship that gives rise to interference. Diffraction effects are better illustrated in the Fourier domain. Specifically, diffraction patterns vary with distance and can be divided into two broad categories: Fresnel diffraction (near field) and Fraunhofer diffraction (far field). In this chapter, we discuss spatial and Fourier domain representations of light and use examples to understand diffraction and interference effects. In doing so, we will discuss optical components and devices (e.g., pinholes and interferometers) that are primarily based on diffraction and interference.
Introduction to Quantum Optics
Authors: Mondal Partha Pratim
Published: June 2022

Light has long been perceived as a wave, or more specifically as an EM wave, and this is valid with respect to everyday observations. However, experiments involving light have produced surprising results that fall outside the realm of the wave nature of light. These experiments for the first time necessitated that light not be perceived as a wave but more like a particle. Some of these observations include photoelectric, Compton, and two-photon effects. In these experiments, light behaves more as an object filling a space just like a particle rather than a continuous entity like a wave. This is surprising given what we have learned in classical optics. In this chapter, we intend to analyze and understand the particle nature of light and its consequences.
Bunching, Unbunching, and Antibunching of Light
Authors: Mondal Partha Pratim
Published: June 2022

Light exists in many different forms that exhibit surprising properties. These properties can be harnessed to understand fundamental processes associated with subtle effects of light and help develop new kinds of devices capable of making high-precision measurements. To understand the different forms of light, there are two major theoretical frameworks: (1) semiclassical theory and (2) complete quantum theory. Although semiclassical theory offers simplicity, it does not account for quantum behavior, whereas quantum theory is capable of explaining almost all the existing forms of light including bunching, anti-bunching, and their variants. Such light is known to exhibit distributions that are not Poisson in nature and can exhibit sub- and super-Poisson behavior. In this chapter, we will also briefly discuss how to generate these unusual forms of light.
Selected Effects in Quantum Optics
Authors: Mondal Partha Pratim
Published: June 2022

In this chapter, we will explore some of the well-known quantum effects of light. These effects are essentially a consequence of the quantized nature of light and strongly dependent on its particle-like behavior. We will use the techniques developed in Chapters 6–11 to understand delicate the effects of light such as Casimir and Hanle effects and coherent trapping. While the Casimir effect is a consequence of vacuum fluctuations, the Hanle effect and coherent trapping are a consequence of quantum coherence. Among the known direct applications of quantum optics, ghost imaging involves quantum entanglement, while quantum lithography and quantum microscopy make use of rapidly oscillating quantum NOON states of light. All these effects are discussed in this chapter. They are expected to eventually expand the horizon of science and initiate new kinds of quantum devices. Moreover, these effects are stepping stones for understanding the classical-quantum barrier and may present new opportunities.
Automatic construction of a dictionary of variant forms of Chinese characters
Authors: Shi Xiaodong
Published: June 2022

Many Chinese characters have more than one form of writing owing to complex nature of creation and long evolvement
history of writing. Most existing Chinese dictionaries list these variant forms but do not explain in a systematic way why a
specific character is a variant form of another, and only list a few older key bibliographies, many of which are themselves
dictionaries of various forms. In this article we present a new theory and practice of how to determine whether a Chinese
character is a variant of another, and show how we can deduce a dictionary of variant characters automatically from a corpus of
ancient Chinese texts totaling 2.3 billion characters with artificial intelligence techniques. Results show that in over 74,000
instances of identified variant character groups, more than 20,000 new instances are found by our algorithm. We have then compiled
all the instances into a dictionary and call it Dictionary of Chinese Variant Words (異體字詞典, Yiti Zi Cidian). The key insight of our theory
is to find synonymous words with variant characters. The dictionary has already been put online for several years and everyone can
freely access and edit it like the way they do on Wikipedia.
Integrated cooling system for microfluidic PDMS devices used in biological microscopy studies
Authors: Khaji Zahra , Tenje Maria
Published: June 2022

In this work, a two-channel, water-based cooling system was integrated into a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-glass microfluidic device for application in single-cell biological studies. This system is designed to cool living cells to single-digit temperatures in situ, without requiring any features of the electron-beam fabricated master mould to be changed, and without interfering either biologically or optically with the cells themselves. The temperature profile inside the device was mapped using multiple thermocouples mounted inside the device, over time. A parametric study including coolant flow rate, distance between the cooling channel and the fluidic channel, and number of active cooling channels was performed to evaluate the performance of the system. By using ice water as the coolant, we have demonstrated stable on-chip cooling reaching an average temperature of 4.9 °C when operated at a coolant flow rate of 23 ml min−1 and using two active cooling channels, positioned only 400 µm away from the cell trapping sites. The maximum observed temperature deviation during an 80 min stability test was ±0.2 °C. We have observed that flowing room temperature culture media through the device with active cooling had no influence on the temperature inside the chip, demonstrating its suitability for use in live cell culture experiments. Finally, we have also demonstrated that the active cooling system successfully decreased the cell metabolism of trapped Escherichia coli resulting in a decreased growth rate of the bacteria.
Terahertz characterization of graphene conductivity via time-domain reflection spectroscopy on metal-backed dielectric substrates
Authors: Fuscaldo Walter , De Simone Sara , Dimitrov Dimitre , Marinova Vera , Mussi Valentina , Beccherelli Romeo , Zografopoulos Dimitrios C
Published: June 2022

A theoretical and experimental framework for the characterization of the terahertz (THz) conductivity of graphene on metal-backed substrates is presented. Analytical equations are derived for the general problem of oblique incidence of the THz beam in a time-domain spectroscopic (TDS) setup working in reflection. The recorded time-domain signals are post-processed in order to retrieve the substrate thickness, its dielectric frequency dispersion, and the complex graphene conductivity frequency dispersion, which is described by a generalized Drude–Smith model. The method is tested on two samples of chemical vapor deposited graphene, transferred on polyethylene terephthalate and cyclo-olefin polymeric substrates of sub-millimetric thickness, and characterized by Raman spectroscopy. By working only with the amplitude spectra, the proposed method circumvents issues stemming from phase uncertainties that typically affect TDS measurements in reflection mode. More important, it allows for a rapid, nondestructive characterization of graphene sheets that can be directly integrated in the production flow of graphene-based passive or active components employing metal-backed resonant cavities, such as THz absorbers, metasurface lenses, or leaky-wave antennas.
Preparation of multi-function graphene materials through electrode-distance controlled electrochemical exfoliation
Authors: Liang Zhiwei , Chen Jie , Tian Wensheng , Liu Yuan , Chen Mingming , Cao Dawei
Published: June 2022

Preparation of graphene materials with different microstructures is of great significance for the specific applications in various areas. Here, a modified electrochemical exfoliation method with controlled electrode distance is proposed to prepare exfoliated graphene, graphene quantum dots, and graphene oxide (EGr, EGQD, and EGO). Compared with electrolysis at a fixed location, the modified electrode distance can effectively tune the insertion speed and direction, as well as the kinetic rates of exfoliation processes. Specifically, at a short electrode distance of 3 cm, it produced high-quality EGr with the size above 5 μm and thickness below 5 layers; when the electrode distance increased to 30 cm, EGQD with the size below 5 nm was produced. Further, the distance between 3 and 30 cm facilitates producing EGO with ca. 15% O content. In addition, it is found that the reaction temperature, optimized electrolyte, and controlled potential can further optimize the exfoliation processes, which can achieve a high exfoliation rate of ca. 2000, 140, and 1500 g h−1 for EGr, EGQD, and EGO preparation in an industrial-scale system, respectively. These modified graphene materials can be directly applied in various areas. For example, EGr can act as an effective component to increase one order of the dielectric property of PVDF; EGQD can effectively generate a PL spectrum at ca. 550 nm; EGO can facilely form a conductive and flexible film through self-assembly.
A numerical exercise on waste incineration
Authors: Jones J C
Published: June 2022

A numerical example for tutorial and possibly design exercise use is described which is concerned with the performance of household waste as a fuel in power generation.
Static properties of a spool on an incline: an IBSE lecture proposal
Authors: De Luca R , Faella O
Published: June 2022

The static equilibrium properties of a spool, resting on an incline and subject to the tension exerted by a string wrapped around the core cylinder, are studied by means of Newtonian mechanics. The overall behaviour of this system is imagined to be similar to that of a doggie kept on a leash. Starting from the well-known mechanical properties of the spool on a horizontal plane, this analogy is used to construct an inquiry-based-learning lecture adopting the BSCS 5E instructional model. In this approach the static properties of the spool on the incline are used to conceive an Extend phase.
Observation of currentless redox reactions on surface of water jet immersed in low-pressure plasma
Authors: Ito Takeshi , Sakka Tetsuo , Sasaki Koichi
Published: June 2022

We investigated oxidation–reduction reactions on the surface of water jet immersed in a low-pressure inductively coupled helium plasma. The electrical potential of the water jet was floating, and no electrical current was supplied from the plasma to the water jet. We observed the productions of molecular hydrogen and molecular oxygen. We also observed negligible consumption of water vapor in the gas phase, suggesting that the productions of hydrogen and oxygen were not owing to the conversion from water vapor. When we employed silver nitrate solution instead of pure water, we observed the decrease in the production rate of hydrogen, whereas the production rate of oxygen was the same in pure water and silver nitrate solution. In addition, we found the synthesis of silver particulates in the silver nitrate solution, indicating the competition between the reductions of H+ and Ag+. Thus, the experimental results reveal the simultaneous oxidation and reduction at the same plasma–liquid interface.