bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exchanging narratives—A qualitative study of peer support among surgical lung cancer patients
Authors: Borregaard Britt , Ludvigsen Mette Spliid
Published: May 2017

Aim and objective

The aim of this study was to examine how hospitalised, surgical lung cancer patients experience talking to a former patient, and how the former patient experiences the role as supportive.

Background

During hospitalisation, patients often create a community in which they can engage with fellow patients. The exchange of experiences with others in a similar situation might increase opportunities for support and complement nursing care, but there is a need for more evidence and understanding on the topic.

Design

The methodological framework is based on the French philosopher Paul Ricoeur's text interpretation theory. Qualitative interviews were conducted with nine patients, including a peer informant, using a narrative structure. The analysis was conducted on three levels: (i) naïve reading, (ii) structural analysis and (iii) critical interpretation .

Results

Four themes were developed from the analysis of the interviews: Exchanging emotional thoughts is easier with a peer; Talking to a peer reduces loneliness; Being ambiguous about a relationship with fellow patients; and Being the main person in the conversation with a peer. Sharing stories about having similar symptoms and undergoing similar journeys predominated, and the key feature of the contact between patients was the commonality of their stories.

Critical interpretation and conclusion

Telling one's story to a former patient, and thereby creating a joint, common story, is the essence of this study. The support received in this process can be empowering because knowledge of the illness experience is shared and increased. This can help create new coping strategies. The contact with a former patient offered a way to confirm one's thoughts and to find a way out of the illness perspective, by seeing how the former patient had recovered.

Relevance to clinical practice

The nursing field faces challenges in the relational aspect of caring because of ever greater efficient and shortened hospital stays; therefore, the peer support concept is becoming increasingly relevant. Patient peers offer each other their own perspectives, and it is important to raise awareness of the value of this and incorporate it into patient stays in hospital.
Multiple placental surface cysts with intracystic hemorrhaging: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Soyama Hiroaki , Miyamoto Morikazu , Sasa Hidenori , Yoshida Masashi , Takano Masashi , Furuya Kenichi
Published: May 2017

A placental surface cyst is a cystic mass arising from the surface of the placenta. It is seldom complicated by intracystic hemorrhaging and the clinical importance of this kind of case is unclear. Therefore, we present a case of a placental surface cyst with intracystic hemorrhaging. A 29‐year‐old multiparous woman was diagnosed with multiple placental surface cysts with threatened preterm birth and fetal growth restriction on ultrasonography at 26 gestational weeks (GW). At 31 GW, the hemorrhage was identified inside the cyst. At 32 GW, she presented with placental abruption, and emergency cesarean section was performed. Both the mother and her baby survived. Placental surface cysts up to 77 × 65 mm in diameter containing old hemorrhages were discovered, and pathological examination revealed hemosiderin and fibrin deposition. Pregnancy with a placental surface cyst with intracystic hemorrhaging may have the potential for severe obstetric complications.
Everolimus in pregnancy: Case report and literature review
Authors: Yamamura Mie , Kojima Takashi , Koyama Masayuki , Sazawa Ataru , Yamada Takahiro , Minakami Hisanori
Published: May 2017

There have been few reports on the effects of everolimus on the fetus, but none of six infants with documented everolimus exposure in utero had congenital malformations. A 32‐year‐old nulliparous woman on everolimus (5.0 mg/day) for renal angiomyolipoma (AML) due to tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) was found to be pregnant at gestational week (GW) 7–5/7, at which time everolimus was withheld. To control AML in this patient, transarterial embolization was performed in the right and left kidneys at GW 21 and 24, respectively, and everolimus was reinitiated at GW 25. The patient gave birth at GW 37 to a normally formed infant weighing 3057 g, but who had cardiac tumors thought to be rhabdomyomas due to inherited TSC. Thus, although data are still limited, everolimus may be promising with respect to teratogenicity. Everolimus concentration in the maternal and umbilical cord blood at birth was 1.1 ng/mL and 1.0 ng/mL, respectively.
Diagnostic imaging of oronasal fistulas in a dachshund
Authors: Mulherin B. L. , Ewing J. R. , Miles K.
Published: May 2017

Oronasal fistula development is described anecdotally as a common disease process in the dachshund but little is known about its imaging appearance. This case report describes the clinical presentation, computed tomography (CT) characterisation, dental radiograph confirmation and treatment of bilateral oronasal fistulas in a 14‐year‐old dachshund.
Mineral Composition of Uroliths Obtained from Sheep and Goats with Obstructive Urolithiasis
Authors: Jones M.L. , Gibbons P.M. , Roussel A.J. , Dominguez B.J.
Published: May 2017

Background

Knowledge of the mineral composition of the causative urolith is important to develop preventative strategies. Advances in analytic techniques have led to detection of urolith components not previously recognized.

Hypothesis/Objectives

The objectives of this study were to characterize uroliths in sheep and goats structurally and clinically. We hypothesized that amorphous magnesium calcium phosphate (AMCP) would be a naturally occurring urolith type in sheep and goats.

Animals

Forty‐nine sheep and goats presenting for obstructive urolithiasis from June 15, 2014 through June 14, 2016 were reviewed along with the demographic data of all small ruminants admitted during that same period.

Methods

Medical records were reviewed for demographic and historical data, and 36 uroliths obtained from these cases during diagnostic or therapeutic procedures were analyzed by infrared spectroscopy to determine chemical composition.

Results

AMCP is a naturally occurring urolith type in obstructed male sheep and goats and was the most common urolith type in this study, where it occurred as a majority component with struvite (39% of uroliths) or as a pure component (11%). Pure struvite was found in 1 urolith (2%). Calcium carbonate was the second most frequent urolith with 31% of uroliths being pure calcium carbonate.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

This study demonstrates that uroliths, which appear consistent with struvite, could actually be calcium‐containing AMCP. Urolith analysis is critical in determining mineral content of uroliths to guide dietary recommendations for prevention.
Increased incidence of liver cancer after successful DAA treatment of chronic hepatitis C: Fact or fiction?
Authors: Alberti Alfredo , Piovesan Sara
Published: May 2017

Therapy of hepatitis C has been revolutionized by Direct Antiviral Agents. These drugs are safe and efficacious in all infected patients, including those with advanced, or decompensated cirrhosis, and are currently largely used in such cases in clinical practice worldwide. It was therefore cause of great concern the publication of two reports suggesting that treatment with DAAs could increase the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic patients, particularly in those receiving antiviral therapy after having been cured for an HCC. These reports have generated a great and controversial debate and have been followed by a series of other publications not confirming such increased risk. This article summarizes published studies assessing the relation between DAA therapy and HCC in two different clinical setting: HCC recurrence in patients with an history of cured HCC and “de novo” HCC occurrence in patients without previous HCC. Rates of HCC recurrence after DAAs were extremely variable in different studies, reflecting great heterogeneity of this clinical setting. Data on “de novo” HCC incidence were more homogeneous and suggest that treatment with DAAs is not modifying the risk of developing HCC in the first 6‐12 months. The possibility that treatment with DAAs may favour tumour growth and spread in individual patients with active HCC foci is suggested by some observations but remains unproven. There is clearly a need for prospective studies designed to better define these issues.
Governing citizens and health professionals at a distance: A critical discourse analysis of policies of intersectorial collaboration in Danish health‐care
Authors: Andersen Anne Bendix , Frederiksen Kirsten , Kolbæk Raymond , Beedholm Kirsten
Published: May 2017

It is widely recognised that the delivery of services across health‐care sectors faces multiple challenges related to incoherence in patient pathways. There are multiple reasons for this incoherence, which are often dealt with through national legislation and policy‐making. This paper discusses policies as powerful actors and explores how effects of a concrete policy are adapted for intersectorial collaboration in Danish health‐care. The paper is based on a critical discourse analysis of a central policy document in Danish health‐care known as the ‘Health Agreements’. Using Fairclough's three‐dimensional model for discourse analysis, we explored the document to clarify the construction of actors participating in intersectorial collaboration. The analysis revealed the Health Agreement as a ‘negotiated text’, appearing as an overriding document legitimising one possible discourse regarding the premises of intersectorial collaboration. The premises of intersectorial collaboration are maintained through a specific presentation of actors leaving little room for discussion, where professionals are constructed as actors who are expected to develop ways of collaborating according to the Triple Aim approach in order to promote productivity and efficiency. Furthermore, this presentation constructs citizens and patients as active, participating individuals who consciously prioritise and act with the purpose of controlling their life situation.
Attending, learning, and socioeconomic disadvantage: developmental cognitive and social neuroscience of resilience and vulnerability
Authors: Schibli Kylie , Wong Kyle , Hedayati Nina , D'Angiulli Amedeo
Published: May 2017

We review current findings associating socioeconomic status (SES), development of neurocognitive functions, and neurobiological pathways. A sizeable interdisciplinary literature was organized through a bifurcated developmental trajectory (BiDeT) framework, an account of the external and internal variables associated with low SES that may lead to difficulties with attention and learning, along with buffers that may protect against negative outcomes. A consistent neurocognitive finding is that low‐SES children attend to information nonselectively, and engage in late filtering out of task‐irrelevant information. Attentional preferences influence the development of latent inhibition (LI), an aspect of learning that involves reassigning meaningful associations to previously learned but irrelevant stimuli. LI reflects learning processes clarifying the relationship between neurobiological mechanisms related to attention and socioeconomic disadvantage during child development. Notably, changes in both selective attention and typical LI development may occur via the mesocorticolimbic dopamine (MsCL‐DA) system. Chaotic environments, social isolation, and deprivation associated with low SES trigger stress responses implicating imbalances in the MsCL‐DA and consolidating anxiety traits. BiDeT describes plausible interactions between socioemotional traits and low‐SES environments that modify selective attention and LI, predisposing individuals to vulnerability in cognitive development and academic achievement. However, positive role models, parental style, and self‐regulation training are proposed as potential promoters of resilience.
Genetic engineering of grass cell wall polysaccharides for biorefining
Authors: Bhatia Rakesh , Gallagher Joe A. , Gomez Leonardo D. , Bosch Maurice
Published: May 2017

Grasses represent an abundant and widespread source of lignocellulosic biomass, which has yet to fulfil its potential as a feedstock for biorefining into renewable and sustainable biofuels and commodity chemicals. The inherent recalcitrance of lignocellulosic materials to deconstruction is the most crucial limitation for the commercial viability and economic feasibility of biomass biorefining. Over the last decade, the targeted genetic engineering of grasses has become more proficient, enabling rational approaches to modify lignocellulose with the aim of making it more amenable to bioconversion. In this review, we provide an overview of transgenic strategies and targets to tailor grass cell wall polysaccharides for biorefining applications. The bioengineering efforts and opportunities summarized here rely primarily on (A) reprogramming gene regulatory networks responsible for the biosynthesis of lignocellulose, (B) remodelling the chemical structure and substitution patterns of cell wall polysaccharides and (C) expressing lignocellulose degrading and/or modifying enzymes in planta. It is anticipated that outputs from the rational engineering of grass cell wall polysaccharides by such strategies could help in realizing an economically sustainable, grass‐derived lignocellulose processing industry.
Transmission attributes and resistance to rose rosette virus
Authors: Di Bello P. L. , Thekke‐Veetil T. , Druciarek T. , Tzanetakis I. E.
Published: May 2017

Rosette caused by rose rosette virus (RRV) is a devastating disease of rose in the United States. The virus was discovered in 2011 and Koch's postulates completed in 2015. Because of these recent discoveries, assumptions about the disease including movement, transmission and resistance are based on visual observations of material that may or may not have been infected by the virus. This study addresses several aspects of virus and disease dynamics. Twenty rose genotypes were screened for mite and/or virus resistance. Phyllocoptes fructiphilus, the only known vector of RRV, was able to establish, lay eggs and develop nymphs and adults in all rose genotypes. Cultivar ‘Stormy Weather’ showed resistance to the virus as assessed in both mite and cleft‐grafting transmission experiments. Mites showed a long acquisition/latent period but a rapid inoculation time for RRV. Knowledge of resistance as well as transmission attributes will assist in better management of vector and disease. The identified resistant genotype would be used in areas with high disease pressure to minimize spread, for identification of the mechanisms behind resistance or as a breeding parent to incorporate virus resistance to new cultivars. The short inoculation access period suggests that chemical control for this vector may be challenging to undertake.
The Impossible Leadership Situation? Analyzing Success for Disjunctive Presidents
Authors: Laing Matthew , McCaffrie Brendan
Published: May 2017

This article argues that the way we understand presidential success should be different for presidents in different contexts. It provides the first deeper exploration of success for Skowronek's “disjunctive” presidents and finds that, particularly when these presidents engage in policy experimentation, they can play an important role in preparing the way for a later reconstruction. Although the presidents of disjunction are particularly constrained, they are capable of success as long as we judge them realistically and acknowledge that they may receive little credit for their concrete achievements. We illustrate this contention through the presidencies of Herbert Hoover and Jimmy Carter, which exemplify the degrees of success available within the constraints of a faltering partisan regime.
Identification of a novel HLA‐C*08 allele, HLA‐C*08:01:20
Authors: Huo M.‐R. , Xi B. , Yu Y. , Li D.
Published: May 2017

HLA‐C*08:01:20 differs from C*08:01:01 by a single nucleotide substitution at position 93 of exon 2.
Transcatheter arterial embolization in normal canine liver
Authors: Oishi Yasuhisa , Tani Kenji , Ozono Koushiro , Itamoto Kazuhito , Haraguchi Tomoya , Taura Yasuho
Published: May 2017

Objective

To determine the effects of selective transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) in the normal canine liver.

Study design

Experimental study.

Animals

Adult Beagle dogs (n = 5).

Methods

Gelatin sponge particles (GSPs) were injected through a microcatheter for selective embolization of the left hepatic artery in normal dogs. Computed tomography (CT) and histology were performed during an 8‐week observation period; biochemical analysis data were obtained during a 12‐week observation period after TAE.

Results

Embolization was successful in all dogs and did not induce any change in the clinical appearance of dogs. Postoperative CT was consistent with recanalization of the artery within 2 weeks of embolization in all dogs. Hepatic enzyme levels increased temporarily after embolization but gradually returned to normal ranges. Histological examinations did not differ between treated and untreated liver tissues.

Conclusion

TAE appears safe in normal dogs observed for 12 weeks. Arterial recanalization seems to occur within 2 weeks after injection of GSPs in the left hepatic artery.

Impact/clinical relevance

Selective TAE of the hepatic artery was well tolerated in normal dogs. Selective TAE may be applicable to canine hepatocellular carcinoma.
Efectos del atractivo físico y el sexo en la selección de personal: Un estudio experimental
Authors: Solano-Gómez Angela , Smith-Castro Vanessa
Published: May 2017

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la activación de información estereotípica en contextos de selección de personal. Las hipótesis fueron contrastadas mediante un diseño experimental 2 (sexo del aplicante) x 2 (atractivo del aplicante) x 2 (sexo de la persona reclutadora) en un grupo de reclutadores profesionales. Los resultados indicaron un efecto significativo tanto del sexo como del atractivo de los estímulos. Estos efectos fueron moderados por el sexo de las personas reclutadoras y mediados por las atribuciones de calidez y habilidad. Los resultados se discuten considerando el impacto del estereotipo de “lo bello es bueno” y los estereotipos sobre los roles tradicionales asignados a cada sexo.
Validación del Cuestionario de Intención Emprendedora en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios de Colombia
Authors: Laguía Ana , Moriano Juan Antonio , Gámez Jorge Alberto , Molero Fernando
Published: May 2017

Este artículo presenta la validación del cuestionario de intención emprendedora (CIE) en Colombia. Este cuestionario, desarrollado y validado en España (Rueda, Moriano y Liñán, 2015), se enmarca dentro de la Teoría de la Acción Planificada (TAP, Ajzen, 1991). La TAP resulta en la actualidad el modelo más ampliamente utilizado para predecir las intenciones emprendedoras. Con una muestra de 316 estudiantes universitarios colombianos, el modelado de ecuaciones estructurales confirma que el CIE tiene una alta fiabilidad y validez predictiva sobre la intención emprendedora. Disponer de escalas de medidas fiables y validadas en distintos contextos culturales permite las comparaciones entre distintas entidades y/o para una misma entidad en diferentes momentos temporales (por ejemplo, antes y después de impartir un curso orientado al emprendimiento). Un mejor conocimiento de los antecedentes psicosociales (actitudes hacia el emprendimiento, norma subjetiva y autoeficacia emprendedora) que conducen a jóvenes universitarios a emprender puede contribuir a un diseño más adecuado de los programas de formación emprendedora que se están impulsando en muchas universidades y desde otro tipo de instituciones.
Orthogonal Analysis of Multisensor Data Fusion for Improved Quality Control
Authors: Wang Peng , Fan Zhaoyan , Kazmer David O. , Gao Robert X.
Published: May 2017

Multisensor data fusion can enable comprehensive representation of manufacturing processes, thereby contributing to improved part quality control. The effectiveness of data fusion depends on the nature of the input data. This paper investigates orthogonality as a measure for the effectiveness of data fusion, with the goal to maximize data correlation with part quality toward manufacturing process control. By decomposing sensor data into a lifted-dimensional space, contribution from each of the sensors for quantifying part quality is revealed by the corresponding projection vector. Performance evaluation using data measured from polymer injection molding confirmed the effectiveness of the developed technique.
Phononic Crystal Artifacts for Real-Time In Situ Quality Monitoring in Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Xu Xiaochi , Vallabh Chaitanya Krishna Prasad , Cleland Zachary James , Cetinkaya Cetin
Published: May 2017

Additive manufacturing (AM) is rapidly becoming a local manufacturing modality in fabricating complex, custom-designed parts, providing an unprecedented form-free flexibility for custom products. However, significant variability in part geometric quality and mechanical strength due to the shortcomings of AM processes has often been reported. Presently, AM generally lacks in situ quality inspection capability, which seriously hampers the realization of its full potential in delivering qualified practical parts. Here, we present a monitoring approach and a periodic structure design for developing test artifacts for in situ real-time monitoring of the material and bonding properties of a part at fiber/bond-scale. While the production method used in current work is filament based, the proposed approach is generic as defects are always due to materials in a bonding zone and their local bonding attributes in any production modality. The artifact design detailed here is based on ultrasonic wave propagation in phononic coupons consisting of repeating substructures to monitor and eventually to assess the bond quality and placement uniformity—not only for geometry but also for defect states. Periodicity in a structure leads to the dispersion of waves, which is sensitive to geometric/materials properties and irregularities. In this proof-of-concept study, an experimental setup and basic artifact designs are described and off-line/real-time monitoring data are presented. As a model problem, the effects of printing speed on the formation of stop bands, wave propagation speeds and fiber placement accuracy in samples are detected and reported.
Tribological Characterization of AZ91 and AE42 Magnesium Alloys in Fretting Contact
Authors: Khabale D. , Wani M. F.
Published: May 2017

Fretting wear studies were conducted on AZ91 and AE42 magnesium alloys against steel ball. Average coefficient of friction (COF) remains steady with the increase in running time. However, average coefficient of friction decreases with the increase in normal load and frequency and marginally increases with the increase in amplitude. A constant average coefficient of friction of 0.06 was observed for both AZ91 and AE42 under dry sliding conditions at normal load of 50 N. Wear volume increases linearly with increasing running time. Wear volume first decreases sharply, attains minima, and then increases marginally with the increase in normal load. However, wear volume increases with increasing amplitude and frequency. Higher specific wear rate of 10.5 × 10−6 mm3 N−1·m−1 was observed for AE42, as compared to 4.5 × 10−6 mm3 N−1·m−1 for AZ91. The wear in magnesium alloy was caused by a combination of adhesion, abrasion, oxidation, delamination, and plastic deformation under different fretting conditions.
Motion Imitation Based on Sparsely Sampled Correspondence
Authors: Jin Shuo , Dai Chengkai , Liu Yang , Wang Charlie C. L.
Published: May 2017

Existing techniques for motion imitation often suffer a certain level of latency due to their computational overhead or a large set of correspondence samples to search. To achieve real-time imitation with small latency, we present a framework in this paper to reconstruct motion on humanoids based on sparsely sampled correspondence. The imitation problem is formulated as finding the projection of a point from the configuration space of a human's poses into the configuration space of a humanoid. An optimal projection is defined as the one that minimizes a back-projected deviation among a group of candidates, which can be determined in a very efficient way. Benefited from this formulation, effective projections can be obtained by using sparsely sampled correspondence, whose generation scheme is also introduced in this paper. Our method is evaluated by applying the human's motion captured by an RGB-depth (RGB-D) sensor to a humanoid in real time. Continuous motion can be realized and used in the example application of teleoperation.
Emissions From Light-Duty Passenger Cars Fueled With Ternary Blend of Gasoline, Methanol, and Ethanol
Authors: Zhang Chuanzhen , Ge Yunshan , Tan Jianwei , li Lan , Peng Zihang , Wang Xin
Published: May 2017

In this study, the emissions from three passenger cars with gasoline, methanol, ethanol, and their blend were tested. The results show that the CO and HC emissions from the exhaust of the vehicles fueled with E7.5/M7.5 decrease compared with those from the vehicles fueled with the gasoline, E10 or M15, while NOx emissions increase by 7.5–25.8%. Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde are found higher for the vehicles fueled with E7.5/M7.5, whereas a series of volatile compounds become lower. Evaporative emissions of the vehicles fueled with E7.5/M7.5 were higher than those of the vehicles fueled with gasoline, by a range of 16.39–28.28%.
Accuracy of the Fitbit Zip for Measuring Steps for Adolescents With Visual Impairments
Authors: Haegele Justin A. , Brian Ali S. , Wolf Donna
Published: May 2017

Our purpose in this study was to document the criterion validity of the Fitbit Zip for measuring steps taken by youth with visual impairments (VI). A secondary purpose was to determine whether walking pace, mounting position, or relative position to the user’s mobility device impacted the criterion validity of the device. Fourteen adolescent-aged individuals (Mage = 15.4; 13 male and 1 female) with VI participated in this study. Participants wore four Fitbit Zips at different mounting positions and completed two, 2-min walking trials while the lead investigator hand tallied steps. Measurement validity was analyzed using absolute percent error (APE), intraclass correlation coefficients estimated level of conformity, and paired samples t tests and Cohen’s d effect sizes assessed APE relative to mounting positions. Results supported the use of the Fitbit Zip during regular-paced walking; however, caution must be used during activities exceeding regular walking speeds, as devices consistently underestimated steps.
Objectification in Sport Media: Influences on a Future Women’s Sporting Event
Authors: Darvin Lindsey , Sagas Michael
Published: May 2017

Gendered processes in the sport industry often perpetuate male dominance and female inferiority. While these gendered occurrences have been well documented, the outcomes of such processes are underexplored. Under the guidance of objectification theory and the production–reception relationship, the authors investigated the influence of objectification in sports-media outlets’ coverage of a female sporting event for a national sample of U.S. consumers (N = 225). In addition, given the lack of coverage directed toward female sporting events, the current study investigated the influence of previous viewership on consumer behaviors for a future women’s sporting event. Findings suggest that processes of objectification influence both men’s and women’s consumer behaviors and that previous viewership influences future consumer-behavior motives. Furthermore, objectified images and language did not adversely affect future consumer behaviors for those who had previously viewed a similar women’s sporting event. Sport-media and communications professionals alike can leverage these relationships.
Ten-Month-Old Infants Understand the Relationship Between Object Weight and Compression in Support Events
Authors: Upshaw Michaela B. , Sommerville Jessica
Published: May 2017

Previous research demonstrates that infants adapt and plan their actions based on object weight, but fewer studies have investigated how infants’ understanding of object weight shapes their understanding of physical events. The present study investigates 10-month-old infants’ understanding of the effect of object weight in support events—specifically, that object weight impacts whether a supporting surface will become compressed or not—and its relation to motor development. In Experiment 1, using an action task, we found that infants infer an object’s weight based on whether it compresses a supporting surface, as demonstrated by reaches to the light object following the support event. In Experiment 2, using a violation-of-expectation paradigm, we found that infants generate predictions for the outcome of support events involving heavy and light objects (i.e., they expect heavy, but not light, objects to compress a supporting surface), as demonstrated by longer looking to inconsistent events relative to consistent. Neither experiment found relations with infants’ motor development. These findings demonstrate that infants invoke a concept of object weight when interpreting and predicting the outcomes of physical events and that the ability to reason about object weight as a causal factor in physical events is relatively sophisticated in infancy.
Impact on Area-Level Physical Activity Following the Implementation of a Fitness Zone in Montevideo, Uruguay
Authors: del Campo Vega Cecilia , Tutte Veronica , Bermudez Gustavo , Parra Diana C.
Published: May 2017

Background: The aim of the study was to measure the level of physical activity (PA) of the users of an urban park before and after the installation of 2 fitness zones (FZs) and to assess the impact of that intervention on the users’ level of PA. Methods: The System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities method was applied in the urban plaza Liber Seregni in Montevideo (Uruguay): 14 different areas were mapped and then recategorized as fitness (for PAs, including sports), green, and paved zones. Observations were made in the spring (Sep–Oct) of 2011 and 2014, before and after placing 2 FZs. Participation was analyzed by gender, year, mapped areas, and zones, and significant differences were assessed using the χ2 test. Results: In total, 7342 individuals (4091 men and 3251 women) were observed. A greater number of people with intense PA could be seen in the FZ, with significant differences between 2011 (45%) and 2014 (70%; P < .05). Conclusion: This is the first longitudinal study on the impact of an intervention to increase the level of PA in public spaces in Uruguay. Higher intensity levels of PA and fewer sedentary people were observed after the installation of the FZ.
Accelerometer-Measured Patterns of Shared Physical Activity Among Mother–Young Child Dyads
Authors: Dlugonski Deirdre , DuBose Katrina Drowatzky , Rider Patrick
Published: May 2017

Background:

Many mothers and young children are not meeting physical activity guidelines. Parent–child coparticipation in physical activity (ie, shared physical activity) provides opportunities for social modeling and might be associated with child physical activity. There is very little information about shared physical activity using objective measures.

Methods:

Participants (N = 17 mother–young child dyads) completed a demographic survey and height/weight measurements, and wore a Bluetooth® accelerometer for 1 week. Accelerometers were initialized using the proximity function to yield both individual and proximity [a minute-by-minute log of whether the 2 accelerometers were in- or out-of-range (∼50 m or less)] data. Shared physical activity was calculated in MATLAB by overlaying individual and proximity accelerometer data.

Results:

Mother–child dyads spent approximately 2 hours per day in shared time that was mostly shared sedentary activities. Less than 1% of shared minutes per day were spent in shared moderate to vigorous physical activity.

Conclusions:

Mothers and young children spent a small portion of their day in shared activities. Most mother–child shared time was spent in sedentary or light activities rather than moderate to vigorous physical activity. This method for objectively measuring shared physical activity provides novel information about the context in which physical activity occurs and could be used to understand patterns of physical activity among other dyads.
Not Just Fun and Games: Toy Advertising on Television Targeting Children Promotes Sedentary Play
Authors: Potvin Kent Monique , Velkers Clive
Published: May 2017

Objective:

To examine the volume of television toy advertising targeting Canadian children and to determine if it promotes active or sedentary play, targets males or females more frequently, and has changed over time.

Methods:

Data for toy/game advertising from 27 television stations in Toronto for the month of May in 2006 and 2013 were licensed from Neilsen Media Research (Montreal, Quebec, Canada). A content analysis was performed on all ads to determine what age group and gender were targeted and whether physical or sedentary activity was being promoted. Comparisons were made between 2006 and 2013.

Results:

There were 3.35 toy ads/h/children’s specialty station in 2013 (a 15% increase from 2006). About 88% of toy ads promoted sedentary play in 2013, a 27% increase from 2006 levels, while toy ads promoting active play decreased by 33%. In both 2006 and 2013, a greater number of sedentary toy ads targeted males (n = 1519, May 2006; n = 2030, May 2013) compared with females (n = 914, May 2006; n = 1619, May 2013), and between 2006 and 2013, these ads increased significantly for both males and females.

Conclusion:

Future research should explore whether such advertising influences children’s preferences for activities and levels of physical activity.
The Queer Sport of Failure: Representations of Female Athletes in Korean Sport Films
Authors: Kim Soo Yeon , Park Sungjoo
Published: May 2017

This article aims to update the discourse on female Korean athletes by illuminating the radical change of their imagery and reality over the last three decades, from sexless victims of patriarchy to sportswomen asserting their strength, femininity, and even “queerness.” Insofar as sports films provide a felicitous site through which to examine popular and evolving representations of gender and sport, the article analyzes a variety of Korean sports films which reproduce, or pose a challenge to, conventional portrayals of female athletes. Due to the paucity of scholarly work undertaken in Korean in this field, the authors draw upon a wide array of mainly American sources and, in so doing, hope to enlarge the small but growing body of work on gender and sport in Korea written in English.
Sport-for-Development in the South Pacific Region: Macro-, Meso-, and Micro-Perspectives
Authors: Sherry Emma , Schulenkorf Nico , Seal Emma , Nicholson Matthew , Hoye Russell
Published: May 2017

As the field of sport-for-development (SFD) has developed, there has been increasing debate over the ability of SFD programs to effect lasting structural change on target communities. Highlighting the barriers to SFD program delivery in five Pacific Island nations, in this paper we argue that numerous challenges emerging at macro-, meso-, and microlevels must be explored, understood, and accounted for to enact structural change. Building on thematic findings from our empirical cross-nation research project, we discuss the importance of addressing SFD challenges at all levels of society to ensure that interventions are appropriately tailored for the specific and often divergent sociocultural contexts in the Pacific Islands region. We argue for a more holistic approach to planning, management, and evaluation when attempting to deliver structural change through sport.
Navigating Norms: Charting Gender-Based Violence Prevention and Sexual Health Rights Through Global-Local Sport for Development and Peace Relations in Nicaragua
Authors: Hayhurst Lyndsay M.C. , Sundstrom Lisa McIntosh , Arksey Emma
Published: May 2017

International non-governmental organizations (INGOs) funding sport for development and peace (SDP) programs are drawn to the promise of such initiatives for young women in global South countries such as Nicaragua to promote their sexual and reproductive health rights (SRHR) and prevent gender-based violence (GBV). While “international” feminist norms in support of “girl power” tend to be advocated by INGOs, gender norms in Nicaragua emphasize "machismo’ that tend to uphold male domination. Based on a case study of international-regional-local NGO relations as they “play out” in Nicaragua, this paper connects international relations studies that explore the conditions through which norm change “happens” with postcolonial feminist participatory action research (PFPAR). To conclude, we discuss how to better understand the tensions of "norms in conflict’ in SDP, with a particular focus on the pressures for local NGOs to accommodate—and connect—their contextual circumstances to the demands of transnational partners and the rising focus of Western donor organizations on “measurable” outcomes.
Incidence of severe hypoglycemia in children with type 1 diabetes in the Nordic countries in the period 2008–2012: association with hemoglobin A1cand treatment modality
Authors: Birkebaek NH , Drivvoll AK , Aakeson K , Bjarnason R , Johansen A , Samuelsson U , Skrivarhaug T , Thorsson AV , Svensson J
Published: May 2017

Objective

Treatment of type 1 diabetes has been intensified aiming at normalizing blood glucose, which may increase the risk of severe hypoglycemia (SH). We aimed to compare the incidence of SH events in the four Nordic countries Denmark, Iceland, Norway and Sweden, and to assess the influence of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and treatment modalities on the frequency of SH; particularly, to explore if a HbA1ctarget ≤6.7% (50 mmol/mol) is feasible.

Research design and methods

Data on children below 15 years with a diabetes duration more than 1 year, registered in the national childhood diabetes databases in the four Nordic countries from 2008 to 2012, were compiled. Data completeness was more than 95%.

Results

Totally 8806 (48% females) patients with 29 715 person years were included, mean age and diabetes duration were 11 years and 5.1 years, respectively. The overall rate of SH was 6.0 per 100 patient-years, and did not change during the study period. The Swedish population constantly had the lowest SH incidence while it decreased significantly in the Danish population. HbA1cdecreased significantly over time (p<0.01), while the number of pump users increased (p<0.01). Stratifying for HbA1clevels showed the lowest risk of SH in patients with HbA1c≤6.7% (≤50 mmol/mol), but in the statistical models adjusting for possible confounders the difference between the HbA1cgroups disappeared. Pump users had the lowest SH risk, also after adjusting for possible confounders.

Conclusions

Risk of SH differs between the Nordic countries with the lowest risk in Sweden. Pump therapy was associated with decreased risk of SH. The low HbA1cgroup had the same or a lower risk of SH compared with the highest HbA1cgroups. A target HbA1c≤6.7% (≤50 mmol/mol) seems achievable without increasing the risk of SH.
Optimal plateau pressure for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis with meta-regression
Authors: Yasuda Hideto , Nishimura Tetsuro , Kamo Tetsuro , Sanui Masamitsu , Nango Eishu , Abe Takayuki , Takebayashi Toru , Lefor Alan Kawarai , Hashimoto Satoru
Published: May 2017

Introduction

Lower tidal volume ventilation in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a strategy to reduce the plateau pressure and driving pressure to limit ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). Several randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses showed that limiting both the plateau pressure and the tidal volume decreased mortality, but the optimal plateau pressure to demonstrate a benefit is uncertain. The aim of this systematic review is to investigate the optimal upper limit of plateau pressure in patients with ARDS to prevent VILI and improve clinical outcomes using meta-analysis with and without meta-regression.

Methods and analysis

RCTs comparing two mechanical ventilation strategies will be included, with lower plateau pressure and with higher plateau pressure, among patients with ARDS and acute lung injury. Data sources include MEDLINE via the NCBI Entrez system, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), EMBASE and Ichushi, a database of papers in Japanese. Two of three physicians will independently screen trials obtained by search for eligibility, and extract data from included studies onto standardised data recording forms. For each included trial, the risk of bias and the quality of evidence will be evaluated using the Grading of Recommendation Assessment Development and Evaluation system.

Ethics and dissemination

This study does not require ethical approval. The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis with and without meta-regression will be disseminated through conference presentation and publication in a peer-reviewed journal.

Trial registration number

CRD42016041924
Nutritional rickets in Norway: a nationwide register-based cohort study
Authors: Meyer Haakon E , Skram Kristina , Berge Ingvill Almås , Madar Ahmed A , Bjørndalen Hilde Johanne
Published: May 2017

Objectives

Poor vitamin D status has been reported to be highly prevalent in many non-western immigrant groups living in Norway and other western countries. However, data on rickets are scarce, and the aim of the current study was to identify new cases of nutritional rickets in Norway in the period 2008–2012 among children under the age of 5 years.

Design

Register-based cohort study.

Setting

The Norwegian population from 2008 to 2012.

Participants

Children with nutritional rickets under the age of 5 years.

Main outcome measure

Nutritional rickets. Patients with ICD10 (International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th revision) diagnosis code E55.0 (active rickets) treated at all Norwegian hospitals were identified in the Norwegian Patient Registry. We were able to review 85% of the medical records for diagnosis confirmation. In addition, we identified patients with the diagnoses E55.9, E64.3 and E83.3 to identify individuals with rickets who had been given other diagnoses.

Results

Nutritional rickets was confirmed in 39 children aged 0–4 years with the diagnosis of E55.0. In addition, three patients with the diagnosis of unspecified vitamin D deficiency (E55.9) were classified as having nutritional rickets, giving a total of 42 patients. Mean age at diagnosis was 1.40 years (range 0.1–3.5 years), and 93% had a non-western immigrant background. The incidence rate of rickets was estimated to be 0.3 per 10 000 person-years in the total Norwegian child population under the age of 5 years and 3.1 per 10 000 person-years in those with an immigrant background from Asia or Africa.

Conclusion

The number of children with nutritional rickets in Norway remained low in the period 2008–2012. Nearly all children had a non-western immigrant background.
Heritage and Stigma. Co-producing and communicating the histories of mental health and learning disability
Authors: Ellis Rob
Published: May 2017

University engagement with mental health services has traditionally been informed by the vocational and pedagogical links between the two sectors. However, a growth in the interest in public history and in the history of mental healthcare has offered new opportunities for those in the humanities to engage new audiences and to challenge perceptions about care in the past. The introduction of the ‘impact agenda’ and related funding streams has further encouraged academics to contribute to historical debates, and to those concerning current services. One such example of this is the Arts and Humanities Research Council funded Heritage and Stigma project at the University of Huddersfield, which was conceived to support mental health and learning disability charities in the exploration and dissemination of their own histories. Using this project as a case study, this paper will draw on primary source material to reflect on the opportunities and challenges of working in partnership with such groups. In particular, it will consider the need to address issues of stigma and exclusion in tandem with a critical understanding of the moves to ‘community care’ instigated by landmark legislation in the form of the 1959 Mental Health Act. Overall, it provides evidence of an inclusive, coproductive model of design and highlights the positive contribution to communicating mental health made by those based in the humanities.
‘She sits all day in the attitude depicted in the photo’: photography and the psychiatric patient in the late nineteenth century
Authors: Rawling Katherine D B
Published: May 2017

The links between mental state and art in all its various forms and media have long been of interest to historians, critics, artists, patients and doctors. Photographs of patients constitute an extensive but largely unexplored archive that can be used to recover patient experience in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. The camera and the photograph became tools to communicate information about mental ill health between doctors, their patients and their colleagues. They were published in textbooks and journals, exhibited, exchanged and pasted into medical case books alongside case notes. But they were also used by patients to communicate their own experiences, identity and sense of self. This article uses published and case book photographs from c. 1885–1910 to examine the networks of communication between different stakeholders and discourses.
Alternative interpretation and scale-based context for “No evidence of recent (1995–2013) decrease of yellow-cedar in Alaska” (Barrett and Pattison 2017)
Authors: Bidlack Allison , Bisbing Sarah , Buma Brian , D’Amore David , Hennon Paul , Heutte Thomas , Krapek John , Mulvey Robin , Oakes Lauren
Published: May 2017

In their analysis of resampled and remeasured plot data from the USDA Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program, Barrett and Pattison (2017, Can. J. For. Res. 47(1): 97–105, doi: 10.1139/cjfr-2016-0335 ) suggest that there is neither evidence of a recent regional decrease in yellow-cedar (Callitropsis nootkatensis (D. Don) Oerst. ex D.P. Little) live tree basal area nor a decrease in the species’ extent in southeastern Alaska. Here, we identify substantial, broad-scale agreement between their estimated extent of concentrated yellow-cedar mortality and that resulting from a complementary, existing body of research into yellow-cedar decline spanning 35 years. However, we also discuss concerns that the FIA remeasurement data used did not match the spatial distribution of the decline (e.g., excluding areas of known active decline in wilderness areas) and that the temporal coverage of FIA data (1990s to 2000s) was inappropriately compared with a cumulative decline map that spans several decades, meshing recent mortality with mortality that occurred up to a century ago. We provide an alternative explanation of Barrett and Pattison’s results in the context of ongoing yellow-cedar distribution and decline research in southeastern Alaska and support our interpretation by focusing on the temporal and spatial aspects of decline.