bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Behind the Scenes: Mechanisms Regulating Climatic Patterns of Dissolved Organic Carbon Uptake in Headwater Streams
Authors: Catalán N. , Casas‐Ruiz J. P. , Arce M. I. , Abril M. , Bravo A. G. , del Campo R. , Estévez E. , Freixa A. , Giménez‐Grau P. , González‐Ferreras A. M. , Gómez‐Gener Ll. , Lupon A. , Martínez A. , Palacin‐Lizarbe C. , Poblador S. , Rasines‐Ladero R. , Reyes M. , Rodríguez‐Castillo T. , Rodríguez‐Lozano P. , Sanpera‐Calbet I. , Tornero I. , Pastor A.
Published: September 2018

Large variability in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) uptake rates has been reported for headwater streams, but the causes of this variability are still not well understood. Here we assessed acetate uptake rates across 11 European streams comprising different ecoregions by using whole‐reach pulse acetate additions. We evaluated the main climatic and biogeochemical drivers of acetate uptake during two seasonal periods. Our results show a minor influence of sampling periods but a strong effect of climate and dissolved organic matter (DOM) composition on acetate uptake. In particular, mean annual precipitation explained half of the variability of the acetate uptake velocities (VfAcetate) across streams. Temperate streams presented the lowestVfAcetate, together with humic‐like DOM and the highest stream respiration rates. In contrast, higherVfAcetatewere found in semiarid streams, with protein‐like DOM, indicating a dominance of reactive, labile compounds. This, together with lower stream respiration rates and molar ratios of DOC to nitrate, suggests a strong C limitation in semiarid streams, likely due to reduced inputs from the catchment. Overall, this study highlights the interplay of climate and DOM composition and its relevance to understand the biogeochemical mechanisms controlling DOC uptake in streams.
Soil Texture Effects on Surface Resistance to Bare‐Soil Evaporation
Authors: Lehmann P. , Merlin O. , Gentine P. , Or D.
Published: September 2018

Modeling of surface energy balance and the separation of evapotranspiration to its component fluxes require quantification of evaporation from land surfaces. The nonlinear relationship between surface heat fluxes and the hydration state of soil surfaces present a challenge to remote estimation of surface evaporation rates. We study the often‐overlooked role of soil properties in determining surface evaporation resistance. We present a framework for quantifying how the ratio of actual to potential evaporation rates varies with changes in surface water content for different soil textures. The model uses the evaporative characteristic length (a soil‐dependent active depth of evaporation) and soil resistance to capillary flow across that region. Predictions were in good agreement with flux tower measurements of bare‐soil evaporation from 10 soil textural classes. The study offers a simple and physically based method for incorporating surface evaporation resistance into land‐surface models considering soil type and surface water content.
Asymmetric Cloud‐Shortwave Radiation‐Sea Surface Temperature Feedback of Ningaloo Niño/Niña
Authors: Tozuka Tomoki , Oettli Pascal
Published: September 2018

Using observational and reanalysis data, the cloud‐shortwave radiation‐sea surface temperature (SST) feedback in the Ningaloo Niño/Niña region off the west coast of Australia is examined. It is found that this feedback operates as a negative feedback for positive SST anomalies and as a positive feedback for negative SST anomalies. This asymmetry is due to variation in the dominant cloud amount with SST. For positive SST anomalies, a decrease in the shortwave radiation resulting from an increase in high cloud amount associated with deep convection prevails, because SSTs in this region are relatively high compared to other eastern boundary regions and close to the convective threshold. Conversely, the region is under the influence of the subtropical high, and a decrease in the surface shortwave radiation associated with an increase in low cloud amount is dominant for negative SST anomalies.
CO2 Thermal Infrared Signature Following a Sprite Event in the Mesosphere
Authors: Romand Frédéric , Vialatte Anne , Croizé Laurence , Payan Sébastien , Barthélémy Mathieu
Published: September 2018

Sprites are a potential thermal infrared radiation source in the stratosphere and mesosphere through molecular vibrational excitation. We developed a plasma‐chemical model to compute the vibrational kinetics induced by a sprite streamer in the 40‐ to 70‐km altitude range until several tens of seconds after the visible flash is over. Then, we computed the consecutive time‐dependent thermal infrared spectra that could be observed from the stratosphere (from a balloon platform), high troposphere (from an aircraft), and low troposphere (aircraft or altitude observatory) using a nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium radiative transfer model. Our simulations predict a strong production of CO2 in the (001) vibrational level which lasts at least 40 s before falling to background concentrations. This leads to enhanced emissions in the long‐wavelength infrared, around 1,000 cm−1, and midwavelength infrared, around 2,300 cm−1. The maximum sprite infrared signatures (sprite spectra minus background spectra) reach several 10−7 W/sr/cm2/cm−1 after propagation through the mesosphere and stratosphere, to an observer located at 20–40 km of altitude. This maximum signal is about 1 order of magnitude lower if propagated until the troposphere. From the two spectral bands, the 1,000‐cm−1 one could be detected more easily than the 2,300‐cm−1 one, which is more affected by atmospheric absorption (CO2 self‐trapping at all altitudes and H2O mostly in the troposphere). With a sufficiently sensitive instrumentation, mounted in an open stratospheric balloon platform for example, the 1,000‐cm−1 band could be detected from 20–40 km of altitude.
Implications of Seismic Velocity Structure at the Junction of Kuril‐Northeastern Japan Arcs on Active Shallow Seismicity and Deep Low‐Frequency Earthquakes
Authors: Shiina Takahiro , Takahashi Hiroaki , Okada Tomomi , Matsuzawa Toru
Published: September 2018

We estimate the velocity structures ofP(Vp) andSwaves (Vs) in southern Hokkaido, Japan, where a large number of crustal low‐frequency earthquakes (LFEs) have occurred. To investigate the relationship between structure and crustal seismicity, we compare the obtained velocity heterogeneity between the crustal LFE regions, which are characterized by active volcanoes, Quaternary volcanoes, and seismic swarms. The tomographic results show that low‐velocity zones (LVZs) with high Vp/Vs are located around the Moho discontinuity beneath active volcanoes, and the LVZs extend horizontally from beneath the active volcanoes to other LFE regions. In southern Hokkaido, crustal LFEs also appear inside and below the upper crust as well as around the Moho discontinuity. These intermediate‐depth and deep LFEs are located around the LVZs with a high Vp/Vs ratio, indicating the contribution of partial melt to the LFEs genesis, even at a distance from the active volcanoes. At intermediate depths of the crust, LFEs are distributed even in the high‐velocity zones, adjacent to the LVZs. This indicates that the partial melt migrations within the crust affect the activity of LFE at the intermediate depths. Below the seismic swarms in the upper crust, LVZs with crustal LFEs are distributed, probably owing to upward migrations of fluid originating from the solidification of the partial melt; this indicates a link between the shallow and deep crustal seismicity in southern Hokkaido.
Injection‐Induced Shear Slip and Permeability Enhancement in Granite Fractures
Authors: Ye Zhi , Ghassemi Ahmad
Published: September 2018

Shear stimulation, so‐called hydroshearing, is believed to reactivate critical or near‐critical preexisting fractures by pressurized fluid injection, causing them to slip and dilate for economic production from geothermal and unconventional petroleum reservoirs. However, little or no experiments have been conducted to directly probe the coupled hydromechanical responses and permeability evolution during fracture shearing. In this paper, we present the results of novel injection‐induced shear tests on cylindrical granite samples each containing a single tensile or saw cut fracture. The shear test on rough fractures demonstrates that retainable permeability enhancement can be achieved through dilatant shear slip. The characteristic stick‐slip behavior of the fracture during shearing is also observed. Fracture aperture controlled by effective normal stress dominates the fluid flow in stick state, while in slip state, the major contributor to production increase is the irreversible normal dilation caused by fracture shear slip. The experimental data show that depending on the fracture roughness, the fracture slip process includes two quasi‐static slip intervals with a slip velocity of ~10−9 to ~10−6 m/s and a dynamic slip interval with a slip velocity of ~10−7 to ~10−5 m/s. The fracture slip correlates well with the associated stress relaxation: a faster fracture slip induces a quicker stress relaxation, and vice versa. The influence of surface roughness on the hydromechanical responses during fracture shearing and the shear‐induced asperity degradation are also studied. The various experimental observations on rough and smooth fractures clearly indicate that the key component to shear stimulation is fracture self‐propping by asperities.
Induced Earthquake Families Reveal Distinctive Evolutionary Patterns Near Disposal Wells
Authors: Cochran Elizabeth S. , Ross Zachary E. , Harrington Rebecca M. , Dougherty Sara L. , Rubinstein Justin L.
Published: September 2018

The timing of events in seismic sequences can provide insights into the physical processes controlling fault slip. In southern Kansas, the rate of earthquakes rose rapidly starting in 2013 following expansion of energy production into the area, demanding the disposal of large volumes of wastewater into deep wells. Seismicity catalogs that are complete to low magnitudes can provide insights into the physical processes that induce seismicity near wastewater disposal. We develop a catalog of over 130,000 earthquakes recorded in southern Kansas from mid‐March 2014 through December 2017 by applying a matched filter algorithm to an original catalog of 5,831 template earthquakes. Detections have nearly identical waveforms to their associated template event and represent slip on nearly co‐located sections of a fault. We select template events with at least 100 associated detections and examine the characteristics of these prolific families of earthquakes. We find that families located close (<10 km) to areas with significant volumes of injected fluids have near‐Poissonian interevent times and the families remain active over longer durations. Families farther from high‐volume injection wells show strong clustering of interevent times and shorter sequence durations. We conclude that increasing pore fluid pressures from nearby disposal of large volumes of wastewater is the primary driver of these long duration episodes, with earthquake‐earthquake interactions driving sequences at greater distance from the wells.
Evaluation of Parameterized Convective Transport of Trace Gases in Simulation of Storms Observed During the DC3 Field Campaign
Authors: Li Y. , Pickering K. E. , Barth M. C. , Bela M. M. , Cummings K. A. , Allen D. J.
Published: September 2018

Deep convective transport of surface moisture and pollution from the planetary boundary layer to the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere affects the radiation budget and climate. This study uses cloud‐parameterized Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry simulations to analyze the subgrid deep convective transport of CO at 12‐ and 36‐km horizontal resolution in supercell and mesoscale convective systems observed during the 2012 Deep Convective Clouds and Chemistry field campaign and compares the simulation results with aircraft measurements and cloud‐resolved simulations. The best Weather Research and Forecasting simulation of these storms was obtained with the use of the Grell‐Freitas convective scheme. The default Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry subgrid convective transport scheme was replaced with a scheme to compute convective transport within the Grell‐Freitas subgrid cumulus parameterization, which resulted in improved transport simulations. We examined the CO tendencies due to subgrid‐ and grid‐scale convective transport. Results showed that the subgrid convective transport started earlier than the grid‐scale convective transport. The subgrid‐scale convective transport reached its maximum during the hour prior to the formation of the grid‐scale constant‐altitude detrainment layer. After that, both the subgrid‐ and grid‐scale convective transport began to decrease. The subgrid‐scale convective transport played a more significant role in the supercell case than the mesoscale convective system case. Subgrid contribution reached ~90% at the beginning of the storm and decreased to ~30% (17%) for the 36‐km (12‐km) domain 4 hr later.
Space Weathering Induced Via Microparticle Impacts: 2. Dust Impact Simulation and Meteorite Target Analysis
Authors: Fiege K. , Guglielmino M. , Altobelli N. , Trieloff M. , Srama R. , Orlando T. M.
Published: September 2018

The role of micrometeorite bombardment in space weathering on asteroid surfaces was studied using a 2 MV Van de Graaff accelerator. About 90,000‐ to 100,000‐micron‐ to submicron‐sized copper particles with a mass and velocity distribution similar to the interplanetary dust population were fired onto the surfaces of polished Allende CV3 chondrite and eucrite NWA 6966 samples at speeds between 1 to 70 kilometers per second. We find a clear relationship between microparticle bombardment, infrared reflectance decrease, and overall spectral reddening. Differences in impact effects due to variable particle speed, size, and structure are observed. Some Cu particles form large clusters that break up upon impact and disperse. Other impactors leave imprints on the surface, and implant or generate typical craters with rims and spallation features. Very small, fast particles generate small craters without spallation or significant crater rim. Mid‐infrared (IR) spectra (bulk and microscopic measurements of individual components), 3‐D laser microscopic images and XRD spectra from the processed and unprocessed samples were collected. Mid‐IR spectra (700–6,000 cm−1) over the entire sample surface show overall darkening of features. Microscopic IR spectra show the damage seen as reflectance decrease and spectral reddening, which is variable in the micrometer range, depending on impact density and target properties (mineralogic composition). The fine‐grained Allende matrix with predominantly Fe‐rich olivine seems less affected than coarse‐grained chondrules with Mg‐rich silicates, where darkening can reach 60%. X‐ray diffraction analysis also suggests chemical and crystallographical differences in the bombarded sample, due to impact shock.
The Global Oscillation Network Group Facility—An Example of Research to Operations in Space Weather
Authors: Hill Frank
Published: September 2018

The Global Oscillation Network Group (GONG) is a system of ground‐based solar observing stations distributed geographically so that the Sun is visible nearly continuously at all times. Originally developed to provide data for research into the solar interior via helioseismology, GONG is now also providing data for operational space weather forecasting as a cost‐effective and reliable alternative to space missions. The data comprise full‐disk magnetograms, H‐α intensity images, and helioseismic maps of activity on the solar far side. These data are provided in near real time to the NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center, the US Air Force, and NASA. GONG is a successful example of transitioning a research facility funded by the NSF into an operational asset.
Rapid fabrication of versatile omni-directional and long-distance three-dimensional flow paper-fluidic analytical devices using a cut-and-insert method for biomedical applications
Authors: Kwak Tae Joon , Kwon Wookkun , Yang Jiang , Lee Sang Woo , Chang Woo-Jin
Published: September 2018

Paper fluidics has recently offered an approach to precisely guide liquid flow in analytical devices with a low-cost regime.
Reversible DNA compaction induced by partial intercalation of 16-Ph-16 gemini surfactants: evidence of triple helix formation
Authors: Grueso Elia , Roldan Emilio , Perez-Tejeda Pilar , Kuliszewska Edyta , Molero Blanca , Brecker Lothar , Giráldez-Pérez R. M.
Published: September 2018

(m/p)-16-Ph-16 partial intercalation controls the mechanism of reversible DNA compaction with the formation of decompacted (m/p)-16-Ph-16/DNA structures similar to triplexes.
A DFT analysis of the ground and charge-transfer excited states of Sc3N@Ih–C80 fullerene coupled with metal-free and zinc-phthalocyanine
Authors: Amerikheirabadi Fatemeh , Diaz Carlos , Mohan Neetha , Zope Rajendra R. , Baruah Tunna
Published: September 2018

Ground and charge transfer excited states of two co-facial donor–acceptor conjugates formed by noncovalent coupling of Sc3N@–C80 with H2Pc and ZnPc chromophores are investigated using DFT calculations.
Pd doping, conformational, and charge effects on the dichroic response of a monolayer protected Au38(SR)24 nanocluster
Authors: Toffoli Daniele , Baseggio Oscar , Fronzoni Giovanna , Stener Mauro , Fortunelli Alessandro , Sementa Luca
Published: September 2018

TDDFT simulations of the absorption and CD spectra of a Pd2Au36(SC2H4Ph)24 monolayer-protected cluster (MPC) are carried out with the aim of investigating the effects of doping, conformational degrees of freedom of the thiolates’ end-groups, and charge states on its chiro-optical response.
High-resolution vibration–rotational spectra and rotational perturbation of the OO-stretching (ν6) band of CH2OO between 879.5 and 932.0 cm−1
Authors: Luo Pei-Ling , Endo Yasuki , Lee Yuan-Pern
Published: September 2018

We report the observation of a rotationally resolved ν6 band associated with the OO-stretching mode of the simplest Criegee intermediate, CH2OO, in the range of 879.5–932.0 cm−1 (11.37–10.73 μm) at an optical resolution of 0.0015 cm−1.
MOF-derived Mn doped porous CoP nanosheets as efficient and stable bifunctional electrocatalysts for water splitting
Authors: Li Yinle , Jia Baoming , Chen Boyuan , Liu Qinglin , Cai Mengke , Xue Ziqian , Fan Yanan , Wang Hai-Ping , Su Cheng-Yong , Li Guangqin
Published: September 2018

Mn-CoP nanosheets were synthesized from ZIF-67 via an etching-carbonization–phosphidation strategy and showed efficient electrocatalytic activity in both HER and OER under acidic and alkaline conditions.
Heavier pnictinidene gold(i) complexes
Authors: Kořenková Monika , Kremláček Vít , Erben Milan , Jirásko Robert , De Proft Frank , Turek Jan , Jambor Roman , Růžička Aleš , Císařová Ivana , Dostál Libor
Published: September 2018

Novel pnictogen(i) → Au(i) complexes were isolated including a unique example of the bismuthinidene complex containing the first Bi(i) → Au(i) bond.
A novel vortex-assisted dispersive liquid-phase microextraction procedure for preconcentration of europium, gadolinium, lanthanum, neodymium, and ytterbium from water combined with ICP techniques
Authors: Leme Flavio O. , Lima Lucas Carvalho , Papai Rodrigo , Akiba Naomi , Batista Bruno Lemos , Gaubeur Ivanise
Published: September 2018

A novel vortex assisted dispersive liquid-phase microextraction procedure combined with ICP techniques for preconcentration and determination of REEs in water.
Optoelectronic exploration of novel non-symmetrical star-shaped discotic liquid crystals based on cyanopyridine
Authors: Vinayakumara D. R. , Swamynathan K. , Kumar Sandeep , Adhikari Airody Vasudeva
Published: September 2018

Novel unsymmetrical star-shaped cyanopyridines were shown to possess an ordered hexagonal columnar assembly at room temperature. Their inherent intramolecular charge transport properties cause a technologically important intense blue light emission in the aggregated state.
The capsid assembly-induced luminescence enhancement (AILE) of DNA-protected silver nanoclusters and anin situapplication
Authors: Jia Xiang-Yu , Xue Ya-Rong , Li Hong-Wei , Fu Ding-Yi , Wang Wei-Xian , Wu Yuqing
Published: September 2018

The study presents an AILE phenomenon for silver nanoclusters and supplies a fluorescence method to evaluate the processes of VLP assembly/disassembly.
The role of mechanical force on the kinetics and dynamics of electrochemical redox reactions on graphene
Authors: Raghuraman Shivaranjan , Soleymaniha Mohammadreza , Ye Zhijiang , Felts Jonathan R.
Published: September 2018

The effect of stress and strain on surface reactivity in electrochemistry is significant but poorly understood. This work develops a kinetic theory for force driven electrochemical reactions, and in situ techniques to study these reactions at a single nanoscale asperity.
Peroxidase mimicking DNAzymes degrade graphene oxide
Authors: Kurapati Rajendra , Bianco Alberto
Published: September 2018

A DNAzyme made of guanine-rich DNA and hemin is capable of degrading graphene oxide sheets in the presence of hydrogen peroxide similarly to the natural enzyme horseradish peroxidase.
Efficient construction of tetrahydroquinolines via fluorinated alcohol mediated cascade [1,5]-hydride transfer/cyclization
Authors: Chen Chunqi , Xu Lubin , Wang Liang , Li Shuai-Shuai
Published: September 2018

An environmentally benign cascade redox-neutral process was developed for the efficient construction of pharmaceutically important spirocyclic tetrahydroquinolines via a 3-step cascade Knoevenagel condensation/[1,5]-hydride transfer/cyclization.
An efficient strategy for achieving controlled ring-opening polymerization of O-carboxyanhydrides via amine initiation in collaboration with metal-alkoxide catalysis
Authors: Nie Yanzhao , Wang Pei , Du Haifeng , Meng Wei , Yang Jing
Published: September 2018

Amines and Zn(C6F5)2 for polymerization initiation and functionality transfer from Zn(C6F5)2 to a metal-alkoxide species for promoting chain propagation to achieve well controlled ring-opening polymerization of O-carboxyanhydrides.
Facile preparation of hyperbranched glycopolymers via an AB3* inimer promoted by a hydroxy/cerium(iv) redox process
Authors: Liu Feng , Wu Yonggang , Bai Libin , Peng Xixi , Zhang Hailei , Zhang Yuangong , An Puying , Wang Sujuan , Ma Gang , Ba Xinwu
Published: September 2018

The facile preparation of hyperbranched glycopolymers was performed without protecting group chemistry, where the methyl-6-O-methacryloyl-α-d-glucoside (6-O-MMAGlc) monomer was adopted as an AB3*-type inimer.
Zwitterlation mitigates protein bioactivity loss in vitro over PEGylation
Authors: Han Yanjiao , Yuan Zhefan , Zhang Peng , Jiang Shaoyi
Published: September 2018

Zwitterlation mitigates bioactivity loss over PEGylation and shows even longer circulation and lower immunogenicity.
Extraction of rare earth elements using magnetite@MOF composites
Authors: Elsaidi Sameh K. , Sinnwell Michael A. , Devaraj Arun , Droubay Tim C. , Nie Zimin , Murugesan Vijayakumar , McGrail B. Peter , Thallapally Praveen K.
Published: September 2018

Magnetic core–shell microspheres were developed to extract rare earth elements (REEs) from aqueous and brine solutions with up to 99.99% removal efficiency. The shell, composed of a thermally and chemically stable functionalized metal–organic framework (MOF), is grown over a synthesized Fe3O4magnetic core (magnetite@MOF).
Facile and scalable production of amorphous nickel borate for high performance hybrid supercapacitors
Authors: Qin Wei , Liu Ying , Liu Xinyue , Yang Guowei
Published: September 2018

Amorphous nickel borate prepared via a facile scale-up method for high performance hybrid supercapacitors.
Co3O4 nanocrystals as an efficient catalase mimic for the colorimetric detection of glutathione
Authors: Li Wenying , Wang Jiayan , Zhu Jiacheng , Zheng Yue-Qing
Published: September 2018

Co3O4 nanocrystals with ultrasmall size, excellent stability and catalytic activity were used as an efficient catalase mimic.
The regulatory roles of lncRNAs in the process of breast cancer invasion and metastasis
Authors: Zhou Siying , He Yunjie , Yang Sujin , Hu Jiahua , Zhang Qian , Chen Wei , Xu Hanzi , Zhang Heda , Zhong Shanliang , Zhao Jianhua , Tang Jinhai
Published: September 2018

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer and principal cause of death among females worldwide. Invasion and metastasis are major causes which influence the survival and prognosis of BC. Therefore, to understand the molecule mechanism underlying invasion and metastasis is paramount for developing strategies to improve survival and prognosis in BC patients. Recent studies have reported that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical roles in the regulation of BC invasion and metastasis through a variety of molecule mechanisms that endow cells with an aggressive phenotype. In this article, we focused on the function of lncRNAs on BC invasion and metastasis through participating in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, strengthening cancer stem cells generation, serving as competing endogenous lncRNAs, influencing multiple signaling pathways as well as regulating expressions of invasion–metastasis related factors, including cells adhesion molecules, extracellular matrix, and matrix metallo-proteinases. The published work described has provided a better understanding of the mechanisms underpinning the contribution of lncRNAs to BC invasion and metastasis, which may lay the foundation for the development of new strategies to prevent BC invasion and metastasis.
B-type natriuretic peptide prevents postnatal closure of ductus arteriosus by both vasodilation and anti-remodeling in neonatal rats
Authors: Yeh Jwu-Lai , Wu Jiunn-Ren , Wu Bin-Nan , Yang Sheau-Fang , Dai Zen-Kong , Liou Shu-Fen , Hsu Jong-Hau
Published: September 2018

The physiologic process of postnatal ductus arteriosus (DA) closure consists of vasoconstriction followed by vascular remodeling. We have recently reported that B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), a potent vasodilator, also has anti-remodeling effects in pulmonary vasculature. However, its effects on DA have not been elucidated. We investigated whether BNP can prevent DA closure, and if so, the underlying mechanisms. Using in vivo studies, we examined effects of BNP (10 mg/kg, ip at birth) on DA closure in neonatal rats within 4 h after birth. We found that in control rats, the DA spontaneously closed at 4 h with a decreased DA diameter, enhanced intimal thickening, and luminal occlusion. BNP prevented DA closure at 4 h with a preserved DA diameter, attenuated intimal thickening, and preserved luminal patency. Ex vivo, BNP attenuated oxygen-induced vasoconstriction of isolated DA rings of newborn rats. These vasodilating effects were blunted by Rp-8-Br-PET-cGMPS, a cGMP inhibitor. In vitro, BNP inhibited angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced proliferation and migration of DA smooth muscle cells (DASMCs). BNP inhibited Ang II-induced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and calcium overload in DASMCs. Finally, BNP inhibited Ang II-induced ERK1/2 activation. These in vitro effects were antagonized by Rp-8-Br-PET-cGMPS. In conclusion, BNP prevents postnatal DA closure by both vasodilation and anti-remodeling through the cGMP pathway. The mechanisms underlying anti-remodeling effects include anti-poliferation and anti-migration, with attenuation of mitochondrial ROS production and intracellular calcium and ERK1/2 signaling. Therefore, the BNP/cGMP pathway can be a promising therapeutic target for clinical management of DA patency.
Inhibitory synapses mimicking in flexible protonic/electronic hybrid rectifying devices gating by chitosan electrolyte
Authors: Zhou Jumei
Published: September 2018

Flexible protonic/electronic hybrid rectifying devices gating by chitosan electrolyte were fabricated on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate. indium zinc oxide (IZO) source/drain electrodes with a self‐assembled IZO channel were prepared by RF sputtering with a nickel shadow mask. The IZO channel was modified by protonic/electronic coupling and drain current (ID) exhibited rectifying characteristics by short connecting source electrode with bottom indium tin oxide (ITO) film. Such devices were used to mimic inhibitory synapses. Synaptic behaviours, like paired‐pulse depression and long‐term depression were successfully mimicked in flexible artificial inhibitory synapses. Such inhibitory synaptic devices have potential application for serving as a building brick for future brain‐inspired computation systems.
RESC‐net: reconstruction error as skip connection for stereo matching
Authors: Feng Yiliu , Liang Zhengfa , Liu Hengzhu
Published: September 2018

Recently, the stereo matching task has been dramatically promoted by the deep learning methods. Specifically, the encoder–decoder framework with skip connection achieves outstanding performance over others. The skip connection scheme can bring detailed or in other words, residual information for the final prediction, thus improves the performance, which is successfully applied in many other pixel‐wise prediction tasks, such as semantic segmentation, depth estimation and so on. In contrast to other tasks, the authors can explicitly obtain the residual information for stereo matching, which is achieved by back‐warping the right image and calculating the reconstruction error. The reconstruction error is successfully used as unsupervised loss, but has not been explored for skip connection. In this Letter, the authors show that the reconstruction error in the feature space is very helpful to bring residual information for the final prediction. They validate the effectiveness of using reconstruction error for skip connection by conducting experiments on the KITTI 2015 and Scene Flow datasets. Experiments show that the proposed scheme can improve the performance by a notable margin and achieves the state‐of‐the‐art performance with very fast processing time.
Analytical magnetic field prediction of flux switching machine with segmental rotor
Authors: Yang Yubo , Chen Jian , Yan Bo , Zhu Changqing , Wang Xiuhe
Published: September 2018

To deeply study the segmental rotor flux switching machine (SRFSM), an analytical subdomain model is first developed to achieve the magnetic field distribution and electromagnetic performance such as back‐electromotive force (EMF), cogging torque, electromagnetic torque, unbalanced magnetic pull, and eddy current losses in the permanent magnet (PM) and rotor support. Then, the number of rotor segments is determined according to the magnetic field modulation theory, and the effect of rotor segment number on the amplitude and total harmonic distortion of speed‐normalised back‐EMF is investigated as well. Using the proposed analytical model, the magnetic field regulation capacity and PM demagnetisation withstand capacity of the series and parallel hybrid excited SRFSMs are investigated and compared. The PM and parallel hybrid excited SRFSM prototype machines with 12 stator slots and 7 rotor segments are manufactured and tested to validate the proposed analytical model.
Artificial neural network and phasor data‐based islanding detection in smart grid
Authors: Kumar Dhruba , Bhowmik Partha Sarathee
Published: September 2018

Islanding is an unusual condition in a power system where the generating station continues to supply the local load after one or multiple transmission line outage. This study develops a new islanding detection technique using the artificial neural network (ANN) classifier, which is provided with synchronised phasor measurements from a nine‐bus Western Electricity Coordinating Council power system. An excessive number of data frames are generated in the phasor data concentrator. Before sending these data to the classifier, multiplier‐based method (MBM) and Andrews plot‐based method (APBM) are applied for dimension reduction and feature extraction. Comparisons are prepared with other dimension reduction algorithms. The accuracy of the classifier has been increased by increasing the number of hidden layers, the best accuracy is observed at a certain level for APBM. Non‐detection zone (NDZ) for APBM is also evaluated. It is observed that the classification accuracy, and the detection time change when the neural network is retrained. All the results are compared and analysed statistically. This method can perform faster compared to other existing algorithms with an excellent accuracy and smaller NDZ.
Variable learning adaptive gradient based control algorithm for voltage source converter in distributed generation
Authors: Giri Ashutosh K. , Arya Sabha Raj , Maurya Rakesh , Mehar Ramakanta
Published: September 2018

This study presents an adaptive control algorithm known as variable learning and adaptive gradient based least mean square for improving the power quality features in standalone distributed generation. Further, frequency and voltage are regulated to set reference value at the terminal of the self‐excited single‐phase induction generator running in isolated mode. The variable learning and gradient‐based least mean square (VLGLMS) algorithm is insensitive to its gradient, step size and sensors noise unlike least mean square algorithm whose convergence performance is influenced by the step‐size parameter. In this study, VLGLMS is utilised to compute the active and reactive weights of fundamental load current for estimation of the reference source current. The sinusoidal reference current estimation is followed by generation of gate pulses for operating the DSTATCOM for improving the power quality features of single‐phase induction generator based distributed power generation system. A prototype model is developed using MATLAB SIMULINK and tested in the laboratory under linear and non‐linear loads. Based on implementation, the performance of control algorithm is validated and obtained results are found satisfactory.
Vehicle chaos identification and intelligent suppression under combined excitation of speed bump and engine
Authors: Hu Qi‐guo , Yuan Shuai‐hui , Han Ao
Published: September 2018

For non‐linear suspension, vehicle passes through a continuous speed bump, the chaos that may occur under the combined excitation of the speed bump and the engine. This study takes the five‐degree‐of‐freedom vehicle model as the object of research, through the vehicle body poincaré section and the maximum Lyapunov index to identify the chaos produced by the vehicle under joint excitation, and utilises the feedback control of the optimal feedback gain coefficient based on the particle swarm optimisation (PSO) algorithm to suppress vehicle chaos. The results indicate that the vehicle is in a chaotic state in all speed range. Under low and medium speeds, the route to the chaos of the vehicle is the system coupling vibration under multi‐frequency excitation, whereas in the high‐speed condition, the vehicle approaches the chaos through the bifurcation. The chaos of the vehicle can be effectively suppressed by feedback control with the global optimal feedback gain searched by PSO. This study reveals the chaotic characteristics of non‐linear suspension vehicles under combined excitation, which provides a new method for intelligent suppression of chaos.
Line shapes of the magnesium resonance lines in cool DZ white dwarf atmospheres
Authors: Allard N. F. , Kielkopf J. F. , Blouin S. , Dufour P. , Gadéa F. X. , Leininger T. , Guillon G.
Published: September 2018

Context. Line shapes of the magnesium resonance lines in white dwarf spectra are determined by the properties of magnesium atoms and the structure of the white dwarf atmosphere. Through their blanketing effect, these lines have a dominant influence on the model structure and thus on the determination from the spectra of other physical parameters that describe the stellar atmosphere and elemental abundances.

Aims. In continuation of previous work on Mg+He lines in the UV, we present theoretical profiles of the resonance line of neutral Mg perturbed by He at the extreme density conditions found in the cool largely transparent atmosphere of DZ white dwarfs.

Methods. We accurately determined the broadening of Mg by He in a unified theory of collisional line profiles using ab initio calculations of MgHe potential energies and transition matrix elements among the singlet electronic states that are involved for the observable spectral lines.

Results. We computed the shapes and line parameters of the Mg lines and studied their dependence on helium densities and temperatures. We present results over the full range of temperatures from 4000 to 12 000 K needed for input to stellar spectra models. Atmosphere models were constructed for a range of effective temperatures and surface gravities typical for cool DZ white dwarfs. We present synthetic spectra tracing the behavior of the Mg resonance line profiles under the low temperatures and high gas pressures prevalent in these atmospheres.

Conclusions. The determination of accurate opacity data of magnesium resonance lines together with an improved atmosphere model code lead to a good fit of cool DZ white dwarf stars. The broadening of spectral lines by helium needs to be understood to accurately determine the H/He and Mg/He abundance ratio in DZ white dwarf atmospheres. We emphasize that no free potential parameters or ad hoc adjustments were used to calculate the line profiles.
Die myofasziale Komponente beim FAI-Test – Wenn der Schein trügt
Authors: Gautschi Roland
Published: September 2018

Lässt sich bei Patienten mit Leistenschmerzen mit einem FAI-Provokationstest tatsächlich ein FAI identifizieren? Die aktuelle Fachliteratur sagt ja. Unser Experte Roland Gautschi hinterfragt diese Ansicht und zeigt, inwiefern ein positiver FAI-Test auch Zeichen eines myofaszialen Problems sein kann.
Higher HbA1c Measurement Quality Standards are Needed for Follow-Up and Diagnosis: Experience and Analyses from Germany
Authors: Heinemann Lutz , Kaiser Patricia , Freckmann Guido , Grote-Koska Denis , Kerner Wolfgang , Landgraf Rüdiger , Merker Ludwig , Müller Ulrich , Müller-Wieland Dirk , Roth Johannes , Spannagl Michael , Wallaschofski Henri , Nauck Matthias
Published: September 2018

Measurement of HbA1c is an essential laboratory measure for the follow-up and therapy decision-making in patients with diabetes. HbA1c is one of the measurands in laboratory medicine that have to be successfully checked according to the criteria of the guidelines of the German Medical Association (Rili-BAEK) in external quality assurance using the reference method value concept, when applied in patient care. The allowed deviation of ±18% in external quality assessment (EQA) and ± 10% in internal quality control has been ultimately met by virtually all the different manufacturers and methods. However, such broad limits for permissible deviations are not suitable in view of medical requirements in patient care. The low-level acceptance criteria also depends on the previously used EQA materials used in Germany. In fact, HbA1c measurement results that are imprecisely measured or come from incorrectly calibrated devices are difficult to identify. With implementation of unprocessed fresh EDTA blood, the situation has changed. Until now systems with unit use reagents for point-of-care testing (POCT) of HbA1c are not mandatory to participate in EQA schemes in Germany. This paper outlines why there was a need to narrow the acceptance limits listed within the Rili-BAEK for HbA1c’s internal (to ± 3%) and external (to ± 8%) quality controls in EQA schemes for Germany, which will take place after a transition period in the next years. Higher quality in HbA1c measurements will help to avoid misdiagnosis of diabetes as well as potential over- or undertreatment of patients at risk for diabetes.
A Novel Approach to Serial Amnioinfusion in a Case of Premature Rupture of Membranes Near the Limit of Viability
Authors: Kohari Katherine , Mehlhaff Krista , Merriam Audrey , Abdel-Razeq Sonya , Grechukhina Olga , Leon-Martinez Daisy , Bahtiyar Mert
Published: September 2018

Prelabor rupture of the membranes (PROM) near the limit of viability is associated with significant risks for both mother and fetus. Preterm labor, intra-amniotic infection, and placental abruption are the immediate risks to the pregnancy; however, the fetus incurs additional risks related to the sequela of persistent oligohydramnios. Transabdominal intra-amniotic infusions have been studied. Results, suggesting that this intervention may prolong the latency period, and potentially, decrease pulmonary hypoplasia in surviving neonates without evidence of increasing risk of intra-amniotic infection. To our knowledge, the use of antibiotic-infused fluid has not been reported in this clinical scenario. Therefore, we present a case of a patient with PROM before the limit of viability who underwent serial transabdominal amnioinfusions with oxacillin-containing normal saline, which resulted in membrane resealing and neonatal survival with no additional maternal morbidity.
Change from Hybrid to Fully Minimally Invasive and Robotic Esophagectomy is Possible without Compromises
Authors: Grimminger P. P. , Tagkalos E. , Hadzijusufovic E. , Corvinus F. , Babic B. , Lang H.
Published: September 2018

Background The incidence of esophageal carcinoma is increasing in the western world, and esophageal resection is the essential therapy. Several studies report advantages of minimally invasive esophagectomies (MIEs) versus conventional open procedures (OPs). The benefits of the use of fully MIE or robot-assisted MIE (RAMIE) compared with the hybrid approaches (laparoscopic gastric preparation and open transthoracic esophagectomy) remain unclear.

Methods Between July 2015 and August 2017, the data of 75 patients with esophageal carcinoma were prospectively registered. Of the 75 patients, 25 treated with a hybrid MIE (hybrid), 25 with total MIE (MIE), and 25 with RAMIE. All patients were operated by the same specialized surgeon in our center with an identical anastomotic technique (circular stapler).

Results The overall 30- and 90-day mortality rates were 0 and 1.33% (1/75), respectively. Total hospital stay (p = 0.262), intensive care unit stay (p = 0.079), number of resected lymph nodes (p = 0.863), and R status (p = 0.132) did not differ statistically between the groups. However, pneumonia and wound infections occurred significantly and more frequently in the hybrid group compared with the minimally invasive groups (MIE and RAMIE) (p = 0.046 and p = 0.003, respectively).

Conclusion Comparable results regarding morbidity and short-term outcome could be achieved in the MIE and RAMIE groups compared with the hybrid group. The data indicate that the learning curve is low in surgeons changing the technique form hybrid esophagectomy to fully MIE. Additionally, the total minimally invasive approaches seem to be associated with a low incidence of complications such as pneumonia and wound infections.
Allgemeinpsychiatrie: gibt es das noch?
Authors: Bandelow B. , Wobrock T. , Falkai P. , Wedekind D.
Published: September 2018

Die umfassenden Entwicklungen in der biologisch orientierten Psychiatrie haben konsequenterweise zu einer zunehmenden Spezialisierung des Fachgebiets geführt, die eine allgemeine Psychiatrie zunehmend aus dem Leistungsportofolio der klinischen Versorgung zu drängen droht. Psychiatrische Störungen gehören heute weltweit zu den Erkrankungen mit der höchsten und nachhaltigsten Einschränkung von Lebensqualität. Die immer noch große Anzahl chronifizierter Patienten stellen eine enorme gesundheitsökonomische und gesellschaftliche Herausforderung an eine Psychiatrie, die zunehmend evidenzbasiert und biologisch orientiert handelt. Eine effektive und effiziente Pharmakotherapie spielt hierbei eine wesentliche Rolle. Exemplarisch sollen hier neuere Entwicklungen anhand der leitliniengerechten Pharmakotherapie dreier großer Störungsgruppen, der Schizophrenie, der Depression und der Angststörungen dargestellt werden. Neben den klassischen Pharmaka spielen zunehmend Substanzen mit einem neuen Wirkprinzip dabei eine Rolle. In der Therapie der Schizophrenie wird in den neueren Leitlinien der Vorteil der Antipsychotika der zweiten Generation (sogenannten Atypika) weiter relativiert und mehr unter Aufhebung des generellen Klasseneffektes auf ein individuelles Therapieregime unter Abwägung des individuellen Risiko-Nutzen-Verhältnisses verwiesen. Während in der Therapie der generalisierten Angststörung zunehmend Pregabalin eingesetzt wird, ist in der Therapie der unipolaren Depression mit Agomelatin das erste Präparat auf dem Markt, das durch den Agonismus am Melatoninrezeptor antidepressiv wirkt. Bei den Stimulationsverfahren gewinnt zunehmend die Vagusnervstimulation (VNS) bei medikamentöser Therapieresistenz an Bedeutung.
Anhaltende wahnhafte Störungen
Authors: Marneros A.
Published: September 2018

Anhaltende wahnhafte Störungen sind eine Gruppe von psychischen Störungen, die als einziges prominentes Symptom einen in der Regel monothematischen Wahn haben. Andere psychische Funktionen oder Bereiche der Persönlichkeit sind primär nicht in Mitleidenschaft gezogen. Die Kategorie der anhaltenden wahnhaften Störungen hat in den modernen diagnostischen Systemen die alte Kategorie der Paranoia abgelöst. Es wird diskutiert, ob die moderne Psychiatrie eine solche Kategorie noch benötigt oder ob es sich bei den genannten Störungen um eine Unterform schizophrener Erkrankungen handelt. Die verfügbaren Daten sprechen eindeutig für die Autonomie und Autochthonie der anhaltenden wahnhaften Störungen. Sie unterscheiden sich auf verschiedenen Ebenen signifikant von schizophrenen Störungen. Ihre Entstehung bleibt jedoch ein Rätsel. Die Befunde der verschiedenen Erklärungsansätze, wie etwa phänomenologisch-dynamische, psychodynamische, persönlichkeitspsychologische, neuropsychologische oder biologisch-genetische, haben noch keine Generalisierungsvalenz. Obwohl man sicher sein kann, dass anhaltende wahnhafte Störungen als eine autonome Störung bezeichnet werden können, stellen die besonders schwierige Prognose und Therapie sowie die rätselhafte Entstehung eine besondere Herausforderung für Klinik und Forschung dar.
Psychotische Depression: Unterscheidungsmerkmale zur nicht-psychotischen Depression
Authors: Pilhatsch M. , Jabs B. , Bauer M.
Published: September 2018

Psychotische Major Depressionen zeichnen sich gegenüber schweren depressiven Episoden ohne psychotische Symptome nicht nur durch das Vorliegen bestimmter inhaltlicher Denkstörungen oder Wahrnehmungsstörungen aus, sondern zeigen auch in ihren klinischen Erscheinungsbildern, ihren Verläufen, ihrer ätiologischen und epidemiologischen Faktoren sowie ihrer Therapiemöglichkeiten einige Besonderheiten. Im Vergleich mit einer schweren nicht-psychotischen Depression ist der Krankheitsverlauf hinsichtlich Symptomausprägung, Rezidivneigung, Residualsymptomen, Episodendauer, Gesamtbeeinträchtigung, Komorbiditäten und Mortalität schwerwiegender. Im vorliegenden Artikel werden epidemiologische Daten, Studien zu Verlauf, Symptomkonstellationen, Neurobiologie und Therapie auf die Frage hin untersucht, ob es sich bei der psychotischen Depression um eine eigenständige Krankheitsentität handelt und eine Stellung zwischen den affektiven und den schizophrenen Psychosen in einem gedachten „schizoaffektiven Spektrum“ einnimmt.