bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Versorgungsforschung
leistet einen wichtigen
Beitrag zur gezielteren
Suche nach medizinischen
Innovationen
Authors: Bierbaum Thomas
Published: August 2022

Vom 5. bis 7. Oktober 2022 findet der Deutsche Kongress für
Versorgungsforschung (DKVF) 2022 in Potsdam in Präsenz statt. Die
Veranstaltung des Deutschen Netzwerks Versorgungsforschung (DNVF) steht in diesem
Jahr unter dem Motto „Versorgungsforschung – Nutzen für die
klinische Praxis. Potentiale und Perspektiven“. Der DKVF setzt den Fokus auf
die Frage, welchen Nutzen die Versorgungsforschung für die klinische
Realität und somit konkret für Patient:innen bereithält.
Femur 3D-DXA Assessment in Female Football Players, Swimmers, and
Sedentary Controls
Authors: Amani Amineh , Bellver Montse , del Rio Luis , Torrella Joan Ramon , Lizarraga Antonia , Humbert Ludovic , Drobnic Franchek
Published: August 2022

Cortical and trabecular volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), cortical
thickness and surface BMD (sBMD, density-to-thickness ratio) were analyzed in
the proximal femur of elite female football players and artistic swimmers using
three-dimensional dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (3D-DXA) software and
compared to sedentary controls. Football players had significantly higher
(p<0.05) vBMD (mg/cm3) in the trabecular
(263±44) and cortical femur (886±69) than artistic swimmers
(224±43 and 844±89) and sedentary controls (215±51 and
841±85). Football players had also higher (p<0.05) cortical
thickness (2.12±0.19 mm) and sBMD
(188±22 mg/cm2) compared to artistic
swimmers (1.85±0.15 and 156±21) and sedentary controls
(1.87±0.16 and 158±23). Artistic swimmers did not show
significant differences in any parameter analyzed for 3D-DXA when compared to
sedentary controls. The 3D-DXA modeling revealed statistical differences in
cortical thickness and vBMD between female athletes engaged in weight-bearing
(football) and non-weight bearing (swimming) sports and did not show differences
between the non-weight bearing sport and the sedentary controls. 3D-DXA modeling
could provide insight into bone remodeling in the sports field, allowing
evaluation of femoral trabecular and cortical strength from standard DXA
scans.
Meta-analysis of TCM in the Treatment of AIDS Diarrhea
Authors: Wu Shaotian , Xu Liran , Sang Feng , Li Liangping , Guo Yaya
Published: August 2022

Objective The aim of the study is to systematically evaluate the effect of Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the treatment of AIDS diarrhea.

Methods The computer system was used to comprehensively search database of Wanfang (WF), VIP, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) for relevant literature on the application effect of Chinese medicine in the treatment of AIDS diarrhea. The retrieval time was set from January 1, 2010 to August 15, 2021. The documents that did not meet the inclusion criteria were eliminated, and the quality of the qualified literature was evaluated according to the improved Jadad scoring standard. The main outcome indicators were entered into the literature, and Review Manager 5.0 software was used for meta-analysis.

Results Eight eligible articles were included, a total of 536 cases of AIDS diarrhea patients were included. All eight eligible articles observed the clinical efficacy of TCM in the treatment of AIDS diarrhea, among which four observed the TCM syndrome changes in the treatment of AIDS diarrhea, and four observed adverse reactions of TCM in the treatment of AIDS diarrhea. All articles were extracted for valid data. After entering all the main observation index data, the results of meta-analysis showed that the effect of TCM in the treatment of AIDS diarrhea was better, the difference was statistically significant [MD = 2.92, 95% CI (1.81, 4.70), p <0.001]; TCM in the treatment of AIDS diarrhea was more conducive to improving the TCM syndrome scores of patients, the difference was statistically significant [MD = −2.55, 95% CI (−3.37, −1.73), p< 0.001]; the adverse effects of TCM in the treatment of AIDS diarrhea were mild, and the difference was statistically significant [MD = 1.70, 95% CI (0.48, 5.97), p = 0.41].

Conclusion The effect of TCM in the treatment of AIDS diarrhea patients is remarkable, which can effectively improve the TCM symptom scores of patients without increasing the incidence of adverse reactions.
Nonbilharzial Squamous Cell Bladder Cancer: An Indian Experience
Authors: Mittal Saket , Malik Kanuj , Raja Anand
Published: August 2022

Background Squamous cell carcinoma represents the second most common histological type of bladder cancer. Nonbilharzial squamous cell carcinomas of bladder are rare histological variant with limited experience.

Objective We aimed to review our experience to determine various treatment patterns and survival outcomes for this malignancy.

Methods Data from patients treated at our center from 1995 to 2016 was collected from patient records and analyzed. Clinicopathological variables, treatment patterns, and follow-up data were extracted.

Results A total of 32 patients were included in the study with a median age of 55.5 years. Hematuria was the most common presentation. Overall, 16 patients underwent radical cystectomy, 8 underwent definitive radiotherapy (RT), 4 received palliative RT, and 4 patients defaulted for any treatment. Surgery conferred better survival rates as compared with RT (31.9 vs. 7.45 months). In the surgical group, only pathological TNM staging was a significant prognostic factor.

Conclusion In localized nonbilharzial squamous cell bladder cancer, radical cystectomy with bilateral pelvic node dissection appears to be treatment modality of choice. Larger series are needed to validate the role of other perioperative modalities.
Novel and Practical Industrial Process Scale-Up of 5-Bromo-2-chloro-4-(methoxycarbonyl)benzoic acid, a Key Intermediate in the Manufacturing of Therapeutic SGLT2 Inhibitors
Authors: Zhang Yi , Ma Xiao , Shan Xiao-Hui , Zhang Xiao-Wen , Li Jian-Qi , Liu Yu
Published: August 2022

5-Bromo-2-chloro-4-(methoxycarbonyl)benzoic acid (1) is a key intermediate for the synthesis of a family of promising SGLT2 inhibitors currently in preclinical and phase I studies for diabetes therapy. In this investigation, cheap, easily available dimethyl terephthalate was used as the raw starting material, and compound 1 was prepared effectively in six steps, including nitration, hydrolysis, hydrogenation, esterification, bromination, and diazotization. The preparation was run successfully on approximately 70 kg/batch with the total yield of 24%. This practical process was demonstrated to be scalable with a great yield and significant cost reduction.
Investigating patterns of change, stability, and interaction among scientific disciplines using embeddings
Authors: McGillivray Barbara , Jenset Gard B. , Salama Khalid , Schut Donna
Published: August 2022

Multi-disciplinary and inter-disciplinary collaboration can be an appropriate response to tackling the increasingly complex problems faced by today’s society. Scientific disciplines are not rigidly defined entities and their profiles change over time. No previous study has investigated multiple disciplinarity (i.e. the complex interaction between disciplines, whether of a multidisciplinary or an interdisciplinary nature) at scale with quantitative methods, and the change in the profile of disciplines over time. This article explores a dataset of over 21 million articles published in 8400 academic journals between 1990 and 2019 and proposes a new scalable data-driven approach to multiple disciplinarity. This approach can be used to study the relationship between disciplines over time. By creating vector representations (embeddings) of disciplines and measuring the geometric closeness between the embeddings, the analysis shows that the similarity between disciplines has increased over time, but overall the size of their neighbourhood (the number of neighbouring disciplines) has decreased, pointing to disciplines being more similar to each other over time, while at the same time displaying increased specialisation. We interpret this as a pattern of global convergence combined with local specialisation. Our approach is also able to track the development of disciplines’ profiles over time, detecting those that changed the most in the time period considered, and to treat disciplines as compositional units, where relationships can be expressed as analogy equations of the form Discipline1 + Discipline2 ≈ Discipline3. These findings can help researchers, academic institutions and organizations to better understand and react to the dynamics of scientific research, and can support the education sector in designing curricula or in the recruitment of academics and researchers.
Action planning for island conservation and management in Australia
Authors: Moro Dorian , Ball Derek , Bryant Sally L.
Published: August 2022

Australia needs a new shared vision that the current trajectory of loss of natural heritage on its offshore islands is not acceptable and needs to change. This Special Issue brings together seven papers from leaders and practitioners with experience in offshore islands across the Australian and New Zealand context. The fundamentals for each paper are to suggest potential solutions or scenarios to move forward with island policy, and management.
Under-utilisation of cardioprotective glucose-lowering medication in diabetics living with HIV
Authors: Butale Bakani , Woolley Ian , Cisera Kathryn , Korman Tony , Soldatos Georgia
Published: August 2022

Diabetes is an increasingly common co-morbidity in people living with HIV (PLWH). Given new evidence demonstrating cardiovascular benefits of sodium glucose transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP1RA) in diabetic patients, we reviewed medical charts of 262 PLWH at Monash Health through a 1-year retrospective cohort study to determine the rates of their use. Prevalence of diabetes was 13.4% (35) and 60% (21) had microvascular and macrovascular complications. Only 4% (95% CI 0.1%–19.6%) of diabetic patients were receiving SGLT2i and 19% (95% CI 6%–39.4%) were receiving GLP1RA. Prescribers should carefully consider their choice of glucose-lowering medication when treating PLWH.
Identification of mEAK-7 as a human V-ATPase regulator via cryo-EM data mining
Authors: Wang Longfei , Wu Di , Robinson Carol V. , Fu Tian-Min
Published: August 2022

Vacuolar-type adenosine triphosphatases (V-ATPases) not only function as rotary proton pumps in cellular organelles but also serve as signaling hubs. To identify the endogenous binding partners of V-ATPase, we collected a large dataset of human V-ATPases and did extensive classification and focused refinement of human V-ATPases. Unexpectedly, about 17% of particles in state 2 of human V-ATPases display additional density with an overall resolution of 3.3 Å. Structural analysis combined with artificial intelligence modeling enables us to identify this additional density as mEAK-7, a protein involved in mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling in mammals. Our structure shows that mEAK-7 interacts with subunits A, B, D, and E of V-ATPases in state 2. Thus, we propose that mEAK-7 may regulate V-ATPase function through binding to V-ATPases in state 2 as well as mediate mTOR signaling.
TPL2 kinase expression is regulated by the p38γ/p38δ-dependent association of aconitase-1 with
TPL2
mRNA
Authors: Escós Alejandra , Martín-Gómez José , González-Romero Diego , Díaz-Mora Ester , Francisco-Velilla Rosario , Santiago Cesar , Cuezva José M. , Domínguez-Zorita Sonia , Martínez-Salas Encarnación , Sonenberg Nahum , Sanz-Ezquerro Juan José , Jafarnejad Seyed Mehdi , Cuenda Ana
Published: August 2022

p38γ and p38δ (p38γ/p38δ) regulate inflammation, in part by controlling tumor progression locus 2 (TPL2) expression in myeloid cells. Here, we demonstrate that TPL2 protein levels are dramatically reduced in p38γ/p38δ-deficient (p38γ/δ
−/−
) cells and tissues without affecting
TPL2
messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression. We show that p38γ/p38δ posttranscriptionally regulates the TPL2 amount at two different levels. p38γ/p38δ interacts with the TPL2/A20 Binding Inhibitor of NF-κB2 (ABIN2)/Nuclear Factor κB1p105 (NF-κB1p105) complex, increasing TPL2 protein stability. Additionally, p38γ/p38δ regulates
TPL2
mRNA translation by modulating the repressor function of
TPL2
3′ Untranslated region (UTR) mediated by its association with aconitase-1 (ACO1). ACO1 overexpression in wild-type cells increases the translational repression induced by
TPL2
3′UTR and severely decreases TPL2 protein levels. p38δ binds to ACO1, and p38δ expression in p38γ/δ
−/−
cells fully restores TPL2 protein to wild-type levels by reducing the translational repression of
TPL2
mRNA. This study reveals a unique mechanism of posttranscriptional regulation of TPL2 expression, which given its central role in innate immune response, likely has great relevance in physiopathology.
In vitro reconstitution of calcium-dependent recruitment of the human ESCRT machinery in lysosomal membrane repair
Authors: Shukla Sankalp , Larsen Kevin P. , Ou Chenxi , Rose Kevin , Hurley James H.
Published: August 2022

The endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery is centrally involved in the repair of damage to both the plasma and lysosome membranes. ESCRT recruitment to sites of damage occurs on a fast time scale, and Ca
2+
has been proposed to play a key signaling role in the process. Here, we show that the Ca
2+
-binding regulatory protein ALG-2 binds directly to negatively charged membranes in a Ca
2+
-dependent manner. Next, by monitoring the colocalization of ALIX with ALG-2 on negatively charged membranes, we show that ALG-2 recruits ALIX to the membrane. Furthermore, we show that ALIX recruitment to the membrane orchestrates the downstream assembly of late-acting CHMP4B, CHMP3, and CHMP2A subunits along with the AAA
+
ATPase VPS4B. Finally, we show that ALG-2 can also recruit the ESCRT-III machinery to the membrane via the canonical ESCRT-I/II pathway. Our reconstitution experiments delineate the minimal sets of components needed to assemble the entire membrane repair machinery and open an avenue for the mechanistic understanding of endolysosomal membrane repair.
Cotranslational folding and assembly of the dimeric
Escherichia coli
inner membrane protein EmrE
Authors: Mermans Daphne , Nicolaus Felix , Fleisch Klara , von Heijne Gunnar
Published: August 2022

In recent years, it has become clear that many homo- and heterodimeric cytoplasmic proteins in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells start to dimerize cotranslationally (i.e., while at least one of the two chains is still attached to the ribosome). Whether this is also possible for integral membrane proteins is, however, unknown. Here, we apply force profile analysis (FPA)—a method where a translational arrest peptide (AP) engineered into the polypeptide chain is used to detect force generated on the nascent chain during membrane insertion—to demonstrate cotranslational interactions between a fully membrane-inserted monomer and a nascent, ribosome-tethered monomer of the
Escherichia coli
inner membrane protein EmrE. Similar cotranslational interactions are also seen when the two monomers are fused into a single polypeptide. Further, we uncover an apparent intrachain interaction between E
14
in transmembrane helix 1 (TMH1) and S
64
in TMH3 that forms at a precise nascent chain length during cotranslational membrane insertion of an EmrE monomer. Like soluble proteins, inner membrane proteins thus appear to be able to both start to fold and start to dimerize during the cotranslational membrane insertion process.
Toward a molecular understanding of the surface composition of atmospherically relevant organic particles
Authors: Qin Y. , Wingen L. M. , Finlayson-Pitts B. J.
Published: August 2022

Many mass spectrometry methods using various ionization sources provide bulk composition of airborne particles, but little is known about the surface species that play a major role in determining their physicochemical properties that impact air quality, climate, and health. The present work shows that the composition of surface layers of atmospherically relevant submicron organic particles can be probed without the use of an external ionization source. Solid dicarboxylic acid particles are used as models, with glutaric acid being the most efficient at generating ions. Coating with small diacids or products from α-pinene ozonolysis demonstrates that ions are ejected from the surface, providing surface molecular characterization of organic particles on the fly. This unique approach provides a path forward for elucidating the role of the surface in determining chemical and physical properties of particles, including heterogeneous reactions, particle growth, water uptake, and interactions with biological systems.
The effect of housing problems on older people’s subjective well-being in 21 European countries (Los efectos de los problemas de vivienda sobre el bienestar subjetivo de las personas mayores en 21 países europeos)
Authors: Bahnini Sara , Marques Sibila , Craveiro Daniela , Lima Maria-Luísa
Published: August 2022

Housing has been acknowledged as a basic human need with an impact on health and well-being. Since older people tend to be more exposed to features in their home environment, it is important to identify specific vulnerabilities. This study used cross-sectional data of 40,185 respondents from the 2014 European Social Survey Round 7 to explore the relationship between housing problems, age group (≤ 70 years and > 70 years) and evaluative (life satisfaction) and hedonic (happiness) dimensions of subjective well-being (SWB) of 21 European countries. Housing problems were significantly associated with lower levels of happiness and life satisfaction (LS) in a multilevel model. The age group was found to be a moderator of that association. When exposed to housing problems, older people (> 70 years) presented lower levels of happiness than younger adults (≤ 70 years). These findings shed light on the differentiation of age groups and call for maintenance and improvement of housing conditions in later life, aiming to promote well-being.
A supramolecular injectable hydrogel based on β-cyclodextrin-grafted alginate and pluronic-amine loaded with kartogenin for chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Fallahi Hooman , Daemi Hamed , Bagheri Fatemeh , Baghaban Eslaminejad Mohamadreza
Published: August 2022

Owing to the similarity of hydrogels to cartilage extracellular matrix, they have been extensively utilized in the chondral lesions. Moreover, their tunable administration properties are desirable for reducing injuries in lesion sites. Generally, injectable hydrogels are mechanically weak, requiring some modifications for being used as a cell carrier in place of articular cartilage. In this study, a combination of β-cyclodextrin-grafted alginate (Alg-β-CD) and pluronic-amine with multiple physical crosslinking was used for the first time. Supramolecular interactions, including electrostatic forces, host-guest interaction, and hydrophobic interaction with increasing temperature maintain injectability of hydrogels while these interactions boost mechanical properties to the extent that shear modulus surpassed 40 kPa. Vacant β-CD cavities in conjunction with gel network were exploited for kartogenin (KGN) loading. All groups had gel time of less than one minute and gel temperature was 28 °C. No toxic effect of hydrogels on encapsulated cells was observed. While the optimum combination of polymers provided a sustainable release for KGN, it also extended the in vitro degradation time of hydrogels from six days to two weeks. KGN facilitated encapsulated mesenchymal stem cells differentiation towards chondrocytes. Taken together, the synthesized hydrogel proved to be a promising candidate for being utilized in cartilage regeneration.
Device for generating electrical energy based on thermal expansion of a solid material
Authors: Parsokhonov A , Kalandarov P , Olimov O , Akhmedov A
Published: August 2022

Popular renewable energy sources such as hydraulic, wind and solar energy, taken together, cannot completely replace natural sources. As a new alternative, this paper considers the thermal expansion energy of a solid material. A kinematic diagram and the principle of operation of a device that converts the thermal expansion energy of a steel rod into electricity are presented. Calculations show that new materials with given characteristics are needed to produce sufficient power.
Theoretical aspects of spraying working fluids in a curved method in precision farming systems
Authors: Irisov Kh D , Akhmedov D A , Aliboyev B A
Published: August 2022

In article is given the theoretical aspects of solving the existing technical and technological problems in improving the technical efficiency of working fluids, the device of a spray-caviator in a curved way, the device of a stream formed around a spiral deflection, the characteristic of a continuous flow, the process of leakage surrounded by a potential current of a primary drop. Analytical expressions were obtained as a result of mathematical analysis in the elementary study of the physical essence of this process. As a result of the circulatory – turbulization effect in theoretical research, it creates new opportunities for purposeful improvement of the caviator devices breaking down in the caviation method and wide introduction of high-volume spray technology in low volumes.
Resource-saving technologies as a factor of specialization of an agricultural enterprise in the Krasnoyarsk region
Authors: Rozhkova A V , Stepanova E V , Zdrestova-Zakharenkova S V , Rozhkov S E , Stepanov N S
Published: August 2022

The article considers the possibilities of using resource-saving technologies in agricultural enterprises of the region. The factors that contribute to the active development of introducring resource-saving technologies in the crop production of the Krasnoyarsk region are determined. The difficulties and potential for the grouwth of resource conservation have been identified, which make it possible to achieve an increase in efficiency, ecological safety and quality of agricultural products. The introduction of the proposed resource-saving technology is justified by calculations based on a multiple correlation and regression model. On the basis of the proposed model, the factorial characteristics of seed costs, energy availability, labor intensity that affect the effective feature such as the level of yield are identified. Resource-saving technologies when used in agricultural enterprises specializing in crop production can increase yields without changing the area of sowing and significantly reduce the cost of tillage and grain harvesting.
Harness softening roller for cotton cultivators
Authors: Abdualiev N Kh , Egamov N M
Published: August 2022

The article presents the technical means and technology of softening the areas formed after the germination of seeds in cotton farms. For this purpose, the designs of the existing softening devices are analyzed, and a softening device equipped with a softening coil with the most convenient structural solution is recommended. When using this device, the process of softening the dough reduces the labor consumption by 35% compared to the existing one, it allows to increase the productivity by 2-3 times.
Acceptable solutions for harvesting root crops in the soil climate of the Republic of Uzbekistan
Authors: Norchayev D R , Xaliqulov M A , Turkmenov X I , Shermuxamedov X P , Ibragimova G N
Published: August 2022

Currently, 165-175,000 acres [165-175,000 ha] of vegetables are planted by farmers in the districts. In 2021, vegetable crops were planted in the main area, 111,627 hectares of fields free of crops and grain, 65,149 hectares between gardens and vineyards, and a total of 343,160 hectares. In our country, root crops are cultivated in two seasons, that is, in spring and summer. If the root crop seeds sown in the spring are harvested in the middle of summer, the one in summer is harvested in late October and early November. These two collection seasons will vary from one another according to the soil-climatic conditions. This in turn complicates the harvesting of root crops. An improved carrot digging is designed to harvest the autumn harvest, and applying it for the summer harvest is not recommended. Because of the fact that during the summer season, we are more likely to damage the crop because the soil conditions are hot and dry. Improved carrot digging reduces manual labor and improves work productivity. It is recommended to use a universal root crop harvester to harvest the crop in the summer season since the heat and dry conditions of the soil during the summer season can cause an increase in the level of root crop damage in driving the crop to the surface of the earth. Another reason for the increase in damage is that solid soil cuts should not be crushed because this humidity is low.
Requirements for the machine providing the formation of irrigation foundations
Authors: Atajanov A U , Hudaev I J , Bekchanov F A , Babajanov L K
Published: August 2022

Rational use of water resources, improvement and development of new technology and technical means for its implementation, ensuring the economy of irrigation water is one of the most important issues of today. This article is devoted to the issues of technology for improving the method of irrigation along furrows and creating a technical means, running in and testing directly on experimental fields, selected in each region of the proposed technology and the created technical means, technical requirements for a machine for cutting furrows with a given slope and profile, as well as analysis the results obtained. A database has been created for the mechanization of existing technologies and technical means of cutting furrows along a given slope and compaction of soil in their beds with the formation of a design section and a longitudinal profile of a furrow on the lands of farms in arid zones. A project of technological maps for the production of cutting grooves with a given slope and with a variable density of their bed, taking into account the granulometric and volumetric composition of the lumps, has been drawn up.
Fuzzy evaluation of cotton varieties in the natural climatic
Authors: Muhamediyeva D K , Nurumova A Yu , Muminov S Yu
Published: August 2022

This article is devoted to the problems of fuzzy assessment of varieties of cotton in order to place them, taking into account the natural climatic conditions of the regions of the republic. The methodological bases of the economic assessment of cotton varieties during placement have been developed, while the main criteria for the requirements of varieties for the chemical and physiological composition, the level of soil salinity and the degree of water supply, effective temperatures, norms and terms of nutrition have been identified. The following indicators should be taken into account in terms of demand for the natural and climatic conditions of the goose varieties: determination of the indicators related to the demand for the physiological, chemical composition of the soil of the goose varieties is primarily due to the presence in the regions where the natural conditions of the Republic differ sharply from each other, the goose is planted mainly in the irrigated farming zone and is the main crop in the zone.
Influence of seed treatment with bacterial preparations on indicators of crop structure and soybean yield
Authors: Shabaldas O G , Vlasova O I , Mukhina O V
Published: August 2022

The paper presents the results of studies on the effect of soybean seed inoculation with bacterial preparations on yield, yield structure indicators and the economic efficiency of this method in soybean cultivation. The studies were carried out under the conditions of the zone of unstable moisture in the experimental field of the Armavir experimental station of All-Russian Research Institute of Oilseeds named after V.S. Pustovoit, the soils of the experimental plot are ordinary chernozem. The studies were carried out in 2013-2015 on an early Duniz ripe variety. On average, over three years of research, it has been established that improving the level of nutrition due to biological nitrogen fixation during the inoculation of seeds with bacterial preparations, both foreign and domestic, makes it possible to obtain an increase in soybean grain yield from 0.10 to 0.38 t/ha. The maximum yield from the use of bacterial preparations was obtained when seeds were treated with rhizotorphin, strain 626a with a film-forming agent - 1.98 t/ha, the yield increase compared to the control was 23.75%. Inoculation of seeds with bacterial preparations has a positive effect on the parameters of the elements of the crop structure, the largest: the number of grains - 51.1 pieces per plant and the weight of grains from one plant - 7.5 g. The economic efficiency of this technique is expressed in the profit received - 25,182 thousand rubles per ha with a profitability level of 103.6%.
Investigation of the process of molding, pressing and salting hard and soft cheeses
Authors: Mukhiddinov Q A , Rakhimov A M , Saparov Dj E , Aït-Kaddour A , Sultanova Sh A
Published: August 2022

Modern man cannot imagine his diet without milk and dairy products, above all cheese. Uzbekistan has traditionally provided dairy products, including cheese, not only for itself but also for other neighbouring countries. Cheese has a long history and this naturally fermented dairy product contains a range of distinctive flavors. Microorganisms in variety cheeses are an essential component and play important roles during both cheese production and ripening. However, cheeses from different countries are still handmade, the processing technology is diverse, the microbial community structure is complex and the cheese flavor fluctuates greatly. Therefore, studying the general processing technology and relationship between microbial structure and flavor formation in cheese is the key to solving the unstable quality and standardized production of cheese flavor on basis of maintaining the flavor of cheese. Cheese processing, including cheese-making, cheese preparation and the different stages of cheese-making. Much attention is given to bacterial starters, bacteriophages, milk-forming enzymes used in cheese-making, and the production of new cheese varieties, including those in Uzbekistan. This paper reviews the research progress on the general processing moulding, pressing and salting points of natural cheese, the biochemical pathways for production of flavor compounds in cheeses, the diversity and the role of yeasts in cheese.
The influence of winter wheat cultivation technologies on the agrophysical properties of chestnut soils in the arid zone of the Stavropol Territory
Authors: Volters I A , Grechishkina Yu I , Trubacheva L V , Mukhina O V
Published: August 2022

The article discusses the impact of various winter wheat cultivation technologies on the agrophysical factors of chestnut soil fertility. Agricultural techniques aimed at creating optimal conditions for the growth and development of winter wheat, changing microclimatic conditions in the agrocenosis, are diverse and different in purpose. Properly chosen crop cultivation technology is of great importance in increasing the effective soil fertility. We have carried out field experiments and studies in the arid zone of the Stavropol Territory on chestnut soils. Agrophysical factors are a set of soil properties that characterize the reserve of productive moisture, structural and aggregate composition, soils, water resistance of soil aggregates, as well as agrotechnical parameters of soils. The studies were carried out in all phases of growth and development of winter wheat. The results show that the maximum reserve of productive moisture was observed in the spring tillering phase using the No-till technology and such a predecessor as corn for silage. The number of agronomically valuable aggregates also prevailed according to the No-till technology in the spring tillering phase. The maximum values of water resistance and structural coefficient were also obtained using this technology. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that in the arid zone of the Stavropol Territory it is advisable to cultivate winter wheat using the No-Till technology.
Comprehensive assessment of the degree of flooding of soil-cutting working bodies (on the example of plow shares)
Authors: Nuriev K K , Nuriev M K , Rakhmatov O , Rakhmatov F O
Published: August 2022

Studying the wear process of shares operating in an abrasive environment on the soils of meadow, light and typical gray soils, the parameters of the limiting state are analyzed and it is revealed that the main parameters that contribute to the rejection of shares are the parameters of the occipital chamfer. It is also noted that maintaining a generalized index of blade rejection creates an opportunity to generally assess the degree of wear of the blade, for all changing parameters at the same time and quantify it. This facilitates the assessment of the quality state of the wear of the blade, not only of an individual, but also of groups of compared working bodies. According to this indicator, by conducting a comparative assessment of various designs and working conditions (or tests), it is possible to determine the weakest of them in terms of bluntness or the most abrasive working environment of the working bodies.
Results of laboratory research on the movement of soil with a rotary working body from the area of the shelter roll vineyard
Authors: Turakulov M , Ermatov V A , Yusufaliyev A T , Batirov B K
Published: August 2022

The article studies the movement of soil particles by a rotary working body towards the row spacing located on three layers of soil in the area of the vineyard cover shaft. The result of the study of the nature of the movement of soil particles in laboratory conditions by a rotary working body is given. The displacement of the soil by the longitudinal, lateral and vertical directions of the rotary working body, depending on the speed of movement, is analyzed. Adopted by the result of the experiments carried out significant conclusions.
In situ–produced polyurethane-based thermoplastic elastomers: the effect of the acrylonitrile content of the rubber phase
Authors: Kohári A , Bárány T
Published: August 2022

We prepared thermoplastic dynamic vulcanizates (TDVs) with an in situ–produced thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) matrix. We used unfilled acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) with different acrylonitrile contents and investigated the effect of the polarity of the rubber phase on the properties of the TDV samples. The results show that the acrylonitrile (AN) content of the rubbers affects the tensile strength and modulus slightly but the strain at break of the TDVs only negligibly. The results of TDVs are in between those of TPU and unfilled NBRs, demonstrating the feasibility of the TPU/NBR combination.
Interaction of zero energy levels with crystal defects in graphene. A network theory study
Authors: László I , Kugler S
Published: August 2022

Applying network theory, we present relations concerning the degeneracy and localization of the zero energy modes in graphene. We demonstrate that in most of cases network properties of the lattice are responsible for existence and nonexistence of these topological determined energy levels.
Examining the reliability of the data analysis system for continuous steel casting
Authors: Wizner K , Kővári A
Published: August 2022

The application of industry 4.0 guidelines is also an integral part of the life of ISD Dunaferr Zrt. Working closely with technology professionals, we have created a data analysis system that processes data from continuous steel casting. The life cycle of slabs can be traced in a complex way from raw steel production to the end of hot rolling. In an industrial environment, the program provides an opportunity to study the effects on slabs (e.g. change in casting speed, change in mould level, change in the position of tundish stopper rod (TSR), etc.). The results provided by the system are suitable for both qualifications made by experts and automatic one during the visual inspection using the web display system. In this paper, we examined the correlation between the slabs burdened with known significant changes in casting parameters in the cast sequence and the slabs with significant changes classified by the data processing system to verify the reliability of the data analysis system. The results confirmed the reliability of the data analysis system and pointed to the greater reliability of the study of cast length-based changes versus time-based changes.
Preparation and characterization of Fe-SiO2 soft magnetic composites prepared by classic and modified Stöber Method
Authors: Kocsis B , Varga L K , Zsoldos I
Published: August 2022

In this study, gas atomized iron powder with the particle size of 10 - 100 μm was coated in two different ways. The coating was created by a chemical procedure, the powder was treated for different periods of time with the classical and modified Stöber process. Toroidal samples were then prepared using different pressures. These samples were heat treated in an argon shielding gas. The complex permeability spectra of the green and heat-treated samples were measured and the effect of pressure, chemical coating time and heat treatment was investigated. The formation of the coatings in each case was confirmed by scanning electron microscopic examinations. Samples with long-term chemical treatment and without heat treatment were appropriate in high-frequency applications (μstat
= 50, fFMR
= 5 − 15 MHz). After the heat treatment, the relative initial permeability has increased significantly (160-180) and the resonance frequency has decreased (400-4000Hz). Furthermore, it can be stated that a more coherent, thicker coating can be obtained with the modified Stöber method.
Optimization of bonding technology for aluminium foams using femtosecond laser beam pulses
Authors: Tajti F , Petrovics B
Published: August 2022

Weight reduction is becoming increasingly important in the automotive industry. To achieve this goal, special materials are needed. We are no longer just using solid materials in production, but also metal foams. Metal foams, in particular aluminium foam, have high strength but their mass is a fraction of that of solid metals. Aluminium foams are usually not used on their own, but as a reinforcement for some structural element. The joining of these materials needs to be improved, as low weight is also important here. Therefore, bonding is a technology often used. For metal foams, use a little adhesive to avoid filling the pores. So we are only bonding on a very small surface area, so it is very important to increase adhesion. We used laser beam surface treatment to increase adhesion. The interfacial properties of the laser beam surface treated aluminium foam were first investigated by distilled water wetting and then, after setting the optimum parameters, the wetting of the adhesive was also investigated.
The effect of Argon Shield Gas and Cold Air for Friction Stir Welding of Ceramic-reinforced Aluminium Matrix Composite and Aluminium Alloy
Authors: Kovács Zs. F.
Published: August 2022

A dissimilar joint between friction stir welded ceramic-reinforced C35 aluminium matrix composite and AA7075-T6 aluminium alloy has some difficulties. For fusion welding of aluminium, a shielding gas always has to be used to achieve the required welding joint quality, but in the case of Friction Stir Welding (FSW) no shielding gas or filler material is required for welding aluminium alloys. To achieve a good welding joint between super strength aluminium alloys and ceramic-reinforced aluminium matrix composites some sort of support is needed. In this study, the effect of blowing argon gas and cold air (0 °C) was investigated with regards to the quality of the welding. For the experiment a cylindrical pin tool, a different feed and a constant rotation speed were utilized along with a marble table to avoid harmful heat conduction. For evaluations, hardness and tensile tests examinations were carried out to classify the mechanical properties of the joint. Experimental results showed that the blowing of gas and cold air having a positive effect on the welded joint quality and also for the weld face. Additionally, the optimal welding traveling speed and the temperature of the air blown was determined.
Electroceuticals for peripheral nerve regeneration
Authors: Maeng Woo-Youl , Tseng Wan-Ling , Li Song , Koo Jahyun , Hsueh Yuan-Yu
Published: August 2022

Electroceuticals provide promising opportunities for peripheral nerve regeneration, in terms of modulating the extensive endogenous tissue repair mechanisms between neural cell body, axons and target muscles. However, great challenges remain to deliver effective and controllable electroceuticals via bioelectronic implantable device. In this review, the modern fabrication methods of bioelectronic conduit for bridging critical nerve gaps after nerve injury are summarized, with regard to conductive materials and core manufacturing process. In addition, to deliver versatile electrical stimulation, the integration of implantable bioelectronic device is discussed, including wireless energy harvesters, actuators and sensors. Moreover, a comprehensive insight of beneficial mechanisms is presented, including up-to-date in vitro, in vivo and clinical evidence. By integrating conductive biomaterials, 3D engineering manufacturing process and bioelectronic platform to deliver versatile electroceuticals, the modern biofabrication enables comprehensive biomimetic therapies for neural tissue engineering and regeneration in the new era.
Twinning behavior in deformation of SLM 316L stainless steel
Authors: Yang Dengcui , Zhao Yan , Kan Xinfeng , Chu Xiaohong , Sun Hang , Zhao Zhengzhi , Sun Jiquan , Wang Haibing
Published: August 2022

The present work investigates the microstructures, mechanical properties and deformation behaviors of the 316L stainless steel fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM). The initial dislocation density of as-SLM and conventional samples is measured using x-ray diffraction (XRD). It is found that the high dislocation density is obtained by SLM, contributing to the enhancement of yield strength. Twinning has occurred at the early stage of SLM deformation, which undergoes obvious grain rotation and twinning development during the tensile tests. However, only a few transformed martensite is presented in the deformed samples, and no significant grain orientation changes are observed.
Astronomers watch the death of a red supergiant in real time
Authors: Jarman Sam
Published: August 2022

Astronomers have captured the death of a red supergiant star in real time revealing a dramatic surge in brightness before its final explosion.
NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope takes space ‘selfie’
Authors: Banks Michael
Published: August 2022

NASA has released a “selfie” of the primary mirror on the James Webb Space Telescope, taken using a specialized “pupil-imaging lens” inside the observatory’s Near Infrared Camera.
Ex-regulators dismiss a nuclear solution to climate change
Authors: Gwynne Peter
Published: August 2022

Four former nuclear power regulators oppose the idea that nuclear energy represents a viable, clean and cheap strategy against climate change.
Putting the physics into science fiction
Authors: Gardner Kate
Published: August 2022

Kate Gardner reviews The EXODUS Incident by Peter Schattschneider.
China overtakes the US in terms of research quality, finds study
Authors: Hiscott Laura
Published: August 2022

The quality of China’s scientific research output exceeded that of the US in 2019, according to a new analysis by researchers in the US.
The strange case of the flying spiders
Authors: Allen Michael
Published: August 2022

Researchers in Lebanon and the US have modelled the interactions between spider silk threads and the atmosphere to explain how spiders can exploit the positive electric potential of Earth’s atmosphere to fly and disperse.
Researchers find ‘lost’ angular momentum in magnetic materials
Authors: Dumé Isabelle
Published: August 2022

Researchers have discovered that the “lost” angular momentum that occurs when a magnetic material is bombarded with short pulses of laser light is in fact transferred from the electrons to vibrations of the material’s crystal lattice.
Arab Physical Society hosts inaugural event to celebrate founding
Authors: Banks Michael
Published: August 2022

The Arab Physical Society held its first event in March 2022, 10 months after the organization was founded.
Survey reveals harassment faced by young astronomers
Authors: Gwynne Peter
Published: August 2022

Harassing behaviour is pervasive in astronomy, with about a third experiencing discrimination at college or at work, according to a new report.
A more accessible discipline
Authors: Malone Claire
Published: August 2022

Claire Malone says creating a better working environment for those with physical disabilities can end up benefitting everyone.
Avoiding artefacts
Authors: Crease Robert P
Published: August 2022

Can you distinguish experimental errors from the real voice of nature? Robert P Crease wants your stories.
Web of confusion
Authors: Tarrant Jon
Published: August 2022

Former science teaching head Jon Tarrant takes issue with the persistent misinformation about science that floods the Internet.
We are living in a material world
Authors: Klein Susanne
Published: August 2022

Susanne Klein reviews Handmade: a Scientist’s Search for Meaning Through Making by Anna Ploszajski.
Using physics to fuel fibre-optic innovation
Authors: McEntee Joe
Published: August 2022

Engineering physicist Christine Tremblay talks to Joe McEntee about the joys of a career spent making fibre-optic networks cheaper, smarter and more resilient, opening the way for telecommunications firms to send voice, data and video streams down hair-thin strands of glass at ever-increasing bit rates.
The glass that offers hope
Authors: Dacey James
Published: August 2022

Ukraine’s rich cultural heritage includes stained glass from mediaeval times to art inspired by the geometry of quantum computer chips.
Satellite explains Betelgeuse dimming
Authors: Cooper Keith
Published: August 2022

Chance observations by a Japanese weather satellite has shed light on the process that led to Betelgeuse’s ‘Great Dimming’ in 2019. Keith Cooper reports.
Quantum teleportation goes beyond neighbouring nodes
Authors: Boerkamp Martijn
Published: August 2022

Researchers have shown that quantum information can be exchanged between nodes not directly connected to each other. Martijn Boerkamp explains.
Gaia releases new Milky Way maps
Authors: Banks Michael
Published: August 2022

The third data release from the European Space Agency’s Gaia mission is one of the richest sets of published astronomical information, as Michael Banks finds out.
IUPAP: uniting physicists for the last 100 years
Authors: Hiscott Laura
Published: August 2022

Michel Spiro, president of the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP), talks to Laura Hiscott about the organization’s biggest achievements, its centenary celebrations, and its future.
A day in physics like no other
Authors: Rao Achintya
Published: August 2022

Achintya Rao recollects the momentous day 10 years ago when CERN announced it had discovered the Higgs boson.
Helen Edwards: pioneer of the Tevatron
Authors: Chandran Anita
Published: August 2022

Helen Edwards was a formidable force in the field of accelerator science, whose impact can still be felt around the world today. Anita Chandran finds out more about her contributions to particle physics.
The man behind the machine
Authors: Rao Achintya
Published: August 2022

Achintya Rao reviews Elusive: How Peter Higgs Solved the Mystery of Mass by Frank Close.