bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Results of ambulatory electrocardiography in overtly healthy Doberman Pinschers with equivocal echocardiographic evidence of dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Calvert Clay A. , Wall Michelle
Published: July 2006

Objective—To determine results of ambulatory electrocardiography in and outcome of overtly healthy Doberman Pinschers with equivocal echocardiographic evidence of dilated cardiomyopathy.

Design—Case series.

Animals—44 overtly healthy (25 male, 19 female) Doberman Pinschers.

Procedure—24-hour ambulatory electrocardiographic (Holter) recordings with > 90% scan quality obtained the same day that echocardiography was performed were reviewed.

Results—Holter recordings from 42 of 44 (95%) dogs contained ventricular premature complexes (VPC). Fifteen of 44 (34%) dogs had > 100 VPC, 9 (20%) had > 500 VPC, and 5 (11%) had > 1,000 VPC. Nonsustained (< 30 seconds) ventricular tachycardia was detected in 4 dogs. Eighteen of 27 (67%) dogs with > 100 VPC, any couplets or triplets of VPC, or ventricular tachycardia developed dilated cardiomyopathy within 1 year, compared with 8 of 17 (47%) dogs with < 100 VPC, no couplets or triplets of VPC, and no ventricular tachycardia. Of the 18 dogs that did not develop dilated cardiomyopathy within 1 year, 11 (61%) did so within 3 years.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that a high percentage of Doberman Pinschers with equivocal echocardiographic evidence of dilated cardiomyopathy will be found to have VPC during 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiography and that most will develop echocardiographic abnormalities indicative of cardiomyopathy. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;219:782–784)
Effects of a program of human interaction and alterations in diet composition on activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in dogs housed in a public animal shelter
Authors: Hennessy Michael B. , Voith Victoria L. , Hawke Jesse L. , Young Travis L. , Centrone Jason , McDowell Angela L. , Linden Fran , Davenport Gary M.
Published: July 2006

Objective—To determine whether a program of human interaction or alterations in diet composition would alter activity of the hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenal (HPA) axis in dogs housed in an animal shelter.

Design—Prospective study.

Animals—40 dogs.

Procedure—Dogs were (n = 20) or were not (20) enrolled in a program of regular supplemental human interaction (20 min/d, 5 d/wk, for 8 weeks) involving stroking, massaging, and behavioral training. In addition, half the dogs in each group were fed a typical maintenance-type diet, and the other half were fed a premium diet. Plasma cortisol and ACTH concentrations were measured during weeks 0, 2, 4, and 8 and before and after exposure to a battery of novel situations during weeks 0 and 8.

Results—Plasma cortisol concentration was significantly decreased by week 2, but plasma ACTH concentration was not significantly decreased until week 8 and then only in dogs fed the premium diet. Following exposure to novel situations, plasma cortisol and ACTH concentrations were significantly increased. However, during week 8, dogs enrolled in the program of human interaction had significantly lower increases in cortisol concentration than did dogs not enrolled in the program.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that both a program of human interaction and alterations in diet composition have moderating effects on activity of the HPA axis in dogs housed in an animal shelter and that activity of the HPA axis may be increased for a longer period during shelter housing than measurement of plasma cortisol concentration alone would suggest. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;221:65–71)
Use of low doses of ketamine administered by constant rate infusion as an adjunct for postoperative analgesia in dogs
Authors: Wagner Ann E. , Walton Judy A. , Hellyer Peter W. , Gaynor James S. , Mama Khursheed R.
Published: July 2006

Objective—To compare indicators of postoperative pain and behavior in dogs with and without a lowdose ketamine infusion added to usual perioperative management.

Design—Prospective, randomized, blinded clinical study.

Animals—27 dogs undergoing forelimb amputation.

Procedure—Dogs were anesthetized with glycopyrrolate, morphine, propofol, and isoflurane. Thirteen dogs were treated with ketamine IV, as follows: 0.5 mg/kg (0.23 mg/lb) as a bolus before surgery, 10 µg/kg/min (4.5 µg/lb/min) during surgery, and 2 µg/kg/min (0.9 µg/lb/min) for 18 hours after surgery. Fourteen dogs received the same volume of saline (0.9% NaCl) solution. All dogs received an infusion of fentanyl (1 to 5 µg/kg/h [0.45 to 2.27 µg/lb/h]) for the first 18 hours after surgery. Dogs were evaluated for signs of pain before surgery, at the time of extubation, and 1, 2, 3, 4, 12, and 18 hours after extubation. Owners evaluated their dogs' appetite, activity, and wound soreness on postoperative days 2, 3, and 4.

Results—Dogs that received ketamine infusions had significantly lower pain scores 12 and 18 hours after surgery and were significantly more active on postoperative day 3 than dogs that received saline solution infusions.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that perioperative administration of low doses of ketamine to dogs may augment analgesia and comfort in the postoperative surgical period. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;221:72–75)
Clinical features of avian vacuolar myelinopathy in American coots
Authors: Larsen R. Scott , Nutter Felicia B. , Augspurger Tom , Rocke Tonie E. , Tomlinson Lindsay , Thomas Nancy J. , Stoskopf Michael K.
Published: July 2006

Objective—To characterize clinical features of avian
vacuolar myelinopathy (AVM) in American coots.

Design—Case-control study.

Animals—26 AVM-affected American coots and 12
unaffected coots.

Procedures—Complete physical, neurologic, hematologic,
and plasma biochemical evaluations were
performed. Affected coots received supportive care.
All coots died or were euthanatized, and AVM status
was confirmed via histopathologic findings.

Results—3 severely affected coots were euthanatized
immediately after examination. Seventeen
affected coots were found dead within 7 days of
admission, but 5 affected coots survived > 21 days
and had signs of clinical recovery. Abnormal physical
examination findings appeared to be related to general
debilitation. Ataxia (88%), decreased withdrawal
reflexes (88%), proprioceptive deficits (81%),
decreased vent responses (69%), beak or tongue
weakness (42%), and head tremors (31%), as well as
absent pupillary light responses (46%), anisocoria
(15%), apparent blindness (4%), nystagmus (4%),
and strabismus (4%) were detected. Few gross
abnormalities were detected at necropsy, but histologically,
all AVM-affected coots had severe vacuolation
of white matter of the brain. None of the control
coots had vacuolation.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Although
there was considerable variability in form and severity
of clinical neurologic abnormalities, clinical signs
common in AVM-affected birds were identified.
Clinical recovery of some AVM-affected coots can
occur when supportive care is administered. Until the
etiology is identified, caution should be exercised
when rehabilitating and releasing coots thought to be
affected by AVM. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2002;221:
80–85)
Medical and surgical treatment of pyothorax in dogs: 26 cases (1991–2001)
Authors: Rooney Matthew B. , Monnet Eric
Published: July 2006

Objective—To compare outcomes of dogs with pyothorax treated medically versus surgically and to identify prognostic indicators for dogs with pyothorax.

Design—Retrospective study.

Animals—26 dogs.

Procedure—Medical records were reviewed to obtain information regarding signalment, results of physical and laboratory evaluations at the time of initial examination, results of bacterial culture of pleural fluid, radiographic abnormalities, treatment (surgical vs medical), complications, whether the disease recurred, disease-free interval, survival time, and cause of death.

Results—Calculated proportions of dogs free from disease 1 year after treatment were 25 and 78%, respectively, for dogs treated medically and surgically. Treatment was 5.4 times as likely to fail in dogs treated medically as in dogs treated surgically. Two regression models relating treatment group (medical vs surgical) to disease-free interval were found to be significant. The first contained terms for medical treatment and isolation ofActinomycesspp from pleural fluid; the second contained terms for medical treatment and radiographic detection of mediastinal or pulmonary lesions at the time of initial examination.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that surgical treatment is associated with a better outcome than medical treatment in dogs with pyothorax. In addition, surgery should be considered if radiographic evidence of mediastinal or pulmonary lesions is detected or ifActinomycesspp is isolated from the pleural fluid. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002; 221:86–92)
Effects of lufenuron treatment in cats on the establishment and course of Microsporum canis infection following exposure to infected cats
Authors: DeBoer Douglas J. , Moriello Karen A. , Blum Jenifer L. , Volk Lynn M.
Published: July 2006

Objective—To determine effects of lufenuron treatment in cats on the establishment and course ofMicrosporum canisinfection following exposure to infected cats.

Design—Experimental trial.

Animals—24 healthy juvenile domestic shorthair cats.

Procedure—8 cats were given lufenuron PO (133 mg/cat/mo, equivalent to a dose of 100 to 130 mg/kg [45 to 59 mg/lb] at the beginning of the study and 25 to 35 mg/kg [11 to 16 mg/lb] at the end of the study), and 8 were given lufenuron SC (40 mg every 6 months). The remaining 8 were used as untreated control cats. After 4 months, cats were challenged by the introduction of cats with mild, experimentally inducedM canisinfection into the rooms where cats were housed. Extent of resulting infections in the naïve cats was monitored for 22 weeks by physical examination and fungal culture.

Results—All lufenuron-treated and control cats became infected withM canis. Cats treated with lufenuron had significantly lower infection scores, compared with control cats, during the early weeks following exposure, and there was a more prolonged initial progression phase of the infection. Once infections reached peak intensity, they resolved over similar periods in lufenuron-treated and control cats.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that oral or SC administration of lufenuron to cats, at the dosages used and under the conditions of this study, did not prevent establishment of dermatophytosis following exposure to infected cats. Infection was established more slowly among cats treated with lufenuron, but once established, infection resolved in approximately the same amount of time in lufenuron-treated as in control cats. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2003;222:1216–1220)
Clinical application of a polymerase chain reaction assay for diagnosis of leptospirosis in dogs
Authors: Harkin Kenneth R. , Roshto Yvette M. , Sullivan Jennifer T.
Published: July 2006

Objective—To evaluate the use of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay on urine samples for diagnosis of leptospirosis in dogs.

Design—Prospective case study.

Animals—132 dogs with clinical signs suggestive of leptospirosis and 13 healthy dogs.

Procedure—PCR testing was performed on urine samples to detect leptospiral DNA; results were compared with results of conventional criteria for the diagnosis of leptospirosis.

Results—Leptospirosis was diagnosed in 8 dogs via established criteria; all these dogs had positive results of PCR assay, including 1 dog with positive results before seroconversion developed. A positive PCR assay result was also obtained in 16 dogs that did not have a confirmed diagnosis of leptospirosis. In the 8 dogs that had a confirmed diagnosis of leptospirosis, serovars pomona (n = 3 dogs), grippotyphosa (2), canicola (2), and bratislava (1) were identified serologically. The remaining 121 dogs all had a diagnosis other than leptospirosis or were healthy. For PCR testing on urine, sensitivity was 100%, specificity was 88.3%, positive predictive value was 33%, and negative predictive value was 100%.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Positive PCR test results prior to seroconversion may have value in establishing an early diagnosis. Positive results in dogs that had signs consistent with leptospirosis despite failing to meet established criteria for leptospirosis raise questions regarding the sensitivity of serologic testing in diagnosis of leptospirosis. Serovars pomona, grippotyphosa, and canicola were most common. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2003;222:1224–1229)
Ultrasonographic findings in horses with right dorsal colitis: five cases (2000–2001)
Authors: Jones Samuel L. , Davis Jennifer , Rowlingson Kristin
Published: July 2006

Objective—To determine whether ultrasonography
would be useful in the diagnosis of right dorsal colitis
in horses.

Design—Retrospective study.

Animals—5 horses with right dorsal colitis and 15
healthy adult horses.

Procedure—Mural thickness and appearance of the
right dorsal colon were determined from ultrasonographic
images obtained at right intercostal spaces
10, 11, 12, 13, and 14.

Results—The right dorsal colon could be imaged
most consistently at the right 11th, 12th, and 13th
intercostal spaces, below the margin of the lung and
axial to the liver. Mural thickness measured from
ultrasonographic images was significantly greater in
horses with right dorsal colitis than in healthy horses.
The right dorsal colon in affected horses had a prominent
hypoechoic layer associated with submucosal
edema and inflammatory infiltrates. Successful treatment
of 1 horse with right dorsal colitis was associated
with a decrease in mural thickness coincident with
an increase in serum albumin and total protein concentrations
and weight gain. A decrease in mural
thickness was also observed in a second horse treated
for right dorsal colitis that was not associated with
healing of the right dorsal colon or an increase in
serum albumin concentration but rather thinning of a
segment of the right dorsal colon that eventually ruptured.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest
that ultrasonographic measurement of mural
thickness and evaluation of the appearance of the
right dorsal colon may be useful in the diagnosis of
right dorsal colitis in horses. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2003;222:1248–1251)
Risk factors for sterile hemorrhagic cystitis in dogs with lymphoma receiving cyclophosphamide with or without concurrent administration of furosemide: 216 cases (1990–1996)
Authors: Charney Sarah C. , Bergman Philip J. , Hohenhaus Ann E. , McKnight Josephine A.
Published: July 2006

Objectives—To determine incidence and identify predisposing factors for sterile hemorrhagic cystitis (SHC) in dogs with lymphoma that were treated with cyclophosphamide and to evaluate whether furosemide administered IV concurrently with cyclophosphamide decreased the incidence of SHC.

Design—Retrospective study.

Animals—216 dogs with lymphoma.

Procedure—Medical records of dogs with lymphoma that received cyclophosphamide chemotherapy in accordance with 1 of 2 protocols, with or without concurrent IV administration of furosemide, were examined. Data for the 2 groups were analyzed to determine the incidence and predisposing factors (age, breed, sex, weight, previous or preexisting disease, previous or preexisting urinary tract infection, neutropenia, azotemia, dose, and number of cyclophosphamide treatments) for cyclophosphamide-associated SHC.

Results—Cyclophosphamide-associated SHC developed in 12 of 133 (9%) dogs that had not received concurrent administration of furosemide and cyclophosphamide treatments; of the 83 dogs that had received furosemide, only 1 (1.2%) developed SHC. Dogs receiving cyclophosphamide and furosemide concurrently were significantly less likely to develop SHC than dogs that did not receive furosemide. Dogs with previous or preexisting immune-mediated disease were significantly more likely to develop cyclophosphamide-associated SHC.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Analysis of results suggested an association between IV administration of furosemide concurrently with cyclophosphamide and decreased incidence of cyclophosphamide- associated SHC. Incidence of cyclophosphamide- associated SHC was similar in treated dogs that did not receive concurrent furosemide to that observed for other studies in which cyclophosphamide was administered orally. Cyclophosphamide-associated SHC appeared to develop early during the course of chemotherapy when furosemide was not administered concurrently with cyclophosphamide. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2003;222:1388–1393)
Evaluation of shedding of bovine herpesvirus 1, bovine viral diarrhea virus 1, and bovine viral diarrhea virus 2 after vaccination of calves with a multivalent modified-live virus vaccine
Authors: Kleiboeker Steven B. , Lee Sang-Myeong , Jones Craig A. , Estes D. Mark
Published: July 2006

Objective—To determine whether bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV1), bovine viral diarrhea (BVDV) virus 1 (BVDV1), or BVDV 2 (BVDV2) were shed after parenteral administration of a multivalent modified-live virus vaccine.

Design—Prospective study.

Animals—28 healthy beef calves and 4 healthy pregnant beef cows.

Procedure—A commercially available modified-live virus multivalent vaccine was administered to steers and heifers (n = 18) that were seronegative to BHV1, BVDV1, and BVDV2. Four seronegative pregnant control cows were held in contact with the vaccinated calves for 103 days. Unvaccinated calves (n = 10) were held as controls in a separate double-fenced pen. Seroconversion was monitored by determining serum neutralization titers after vaccination. Viral shedding and viremia were assessed via analysis of nasal swab specimens and blood by use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse transcriptase-PCR assays and virus isolation.

Results—A transient BVDV1 viremia was detected in most vaccinated calves 3 to 10 days after vaccination. All vaccinated calves seroconverted to BVDV1 and BVDV2. Seventeen of 18 vaccinated calves seroconverted to BHV1. Viral shedding was not detected in the vaccinated calves. All control cattle remained seronegative to BHV1, BVDV1, and BVDV2 throughout the study.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Shedding of BHV1, BVDV1, and BVDV2 after vaccination was either nonexistent or undetected and did not result in transmission of BHV1, BVDV1, or BVDV2 vaccine viruses to pregnant contact control cows. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2003;222:1399–1403)
Factors associated with aggression between pairs of domestic ferrets
Authors: Staton Valerie W. , Crowell-Davis Sharon L.
Published: July 2006

Objective—To identify factors (eg, familiarity, sex, neutering status, and time of year) associated with aggression between domestic ferrets and test a method for reducing aggression when introducing ferrets.

Design—Prospective trial.

Animals—56 healthy domestic ferrets.

Procedure—To identify variables associated with aggression, pairs were placed in an enclosed area and observed. To test whether increasing familiarity would decrease aggression when introducing ferrets, pairs of ferrets were housed in separate cages next to each other or in separate rooms for 2 weeks prior to introduction.

Results—49 of 82 pairs of strangers fought, but 31 cage mate pairs did not. Time of year had no apparent effect. Pairs consisting of 2 neutered females or 2 sexually intact males were significantly more likely to fight than were pairs consisting of a neutered female and a sexually intact male. Pairs caged next to each other for 2 weeks prior to introduction were no less likely to fight than were control pairs.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that familiarity, sex, and neutering status are important determinants of aggression between ferrets. If unfamiliar neutered ferrets are introduced, then pairing 2 males or a male and female would likely result in the lowest levels of aggression. However, neutered females and sexually intact males are not indiscriminately aggressive, as a neutered female can be paired with a sexually intact male without resulting in aggression. Caging ferrets next to each other for 2 weeks does not decrease aggression when the ferrets are introduced. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2003;222:1709–1712)
Complications with and owner assessment of the outcome of tibial plateau leveling osteotomy for treatment of cranial cruciate ligament rupture in dogs: 193 cases (1997–2001)
Authors: Priddy Nelson H. , Tomlinson James L. , Dodam John R. , Hornbostel Jennifer E.
Published: July 2006

Objective—To identify complications associated with tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) for treatment of cranial cruciate ligament rupture in dogs and assess owner perceptions of outcome.

Design—Retrospective study.

Animals—193 dogs that underwent unilateral or bilateral TPLO (253 TPLOs total) between November 1997 and March 2001.

Procedure—Complications associated with the surgical procedure were recorded. A questionnaire was sent to owners of all dogs to assess their perceptions of outcome.

Results—Complications were identified in 47 of the 193 (24.4%) dogs and in association with 52 of the 253 (20.6%) TPLOs. Dogs that underwent bilateral TPLOs during a single anesthetic episode had a higher complication rate than did dogs that underwent unilateral TPLO and dogs that underwent bilateral TPLOs during separate anesthetic episodes. Body weight, surgery time, whether a meniscal release or meniscectomy was performed, and extent of cruciate ligament damage were not associated with whether complications occurred. One hundred forty-one of 151 (93%) owners who responded to the questionnaire were satisfied with the outcome of the surgery. Assessments of outcome were not significantly different between owners of dogs that had complications and owners of dogs that did not.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that complications developed in approximately 25% of dogs undergoing TPLO for treatment of a cranial cruciate ligament injury but that most complications responded to appropriate treatment, and development of complications did not affect owner assessments of outcome. There was a higher incidence of complications when bilateral TPLOs were performed during a single anesthetic episode. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2003; 222:1726–1732)
Outcome of and complications associated with prophylactic percutaneous laser disk ablation in dogs with thoracolumbar disk disease: 277 cases (1992–2001)
Authors: Bartels Kenneth E. , Higbee Russell G. , Bahr Robert J. , Galloway David S. , Healey Tiffany S. , Arnold Christopher
Published: July 2006

Objective—To determine outcome of and complications associated with prophylactic percutaneous laser disk ablation in dogs with thoracolumbar disk disease.

Design—Retrospective study.

Animals—277 dogs.

Procedure—Medical records of dogs with a history of thoracolumbar disk disease in which the 7 intervertebral disks from T10-11 through L3-4 were ablated with a holmium-yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser inserted through percutaneously placed needles were reviewed. Complications and episodes of a recurrence of neurologic signs (eg, paresis or paralysis) were recorded. Owners were contacted by telephone for follow-up information.

Results—Nine of 262 (3.4%) dogs for which followup information was available had a recurrence of paresis or paralysis. Follow-up time ranged from 1 to 85 months (mean, 15 months); signs recurred between 3 and 52 months (mean, 15.1 months) after laser disk ablation. Acute complications occurred in 5 dogs and included mild pneumothorax in 1 dog, an abscess at a needle insertion site in 1 dog, and proprioceptive deficits in 3 dogs, 1 of which required hemilaminectomy within 1 week because of progression and severity of neurologic signs. One dog developed diskospondylitis.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that prophylactic percutaneous laser disk ablation is associated with few complications and may reduce the risk of recurrence of signs of intervertebral disk disease in dogs. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2003;222: 1733–1739)
Kinematic analysis of the hind limb during swimming and walking in healthy dogs and dogs with surgically corrected cranial cruciate ligament rupture
Authors: Marsolais Gregory S. , McLean Scott , Derrick Tim , Conzemius Michael G.
Published: July 2006

Objective—To determine hip, stifle, and tarsal joint ranges of motion (ROM) and angular velocities during swimming and walking in healthy dogs and dogs with surgically corrected cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) rupture.

Design—Prospective clinical study.

Animals—13 healthy dogs and 7 dogs with CCL rupture.

Procedure—Dogs with CCL rupture were enrolled in a postoperative aquatic rehabilitation program and evaluated 21 to 35 days after surgery. Dogs were filmed while swimming in a pool and while walking at a fast (1.3 m/s) or slow (0.9 m/s) pace on a treadmill. Maximal angles of extension and flexion, ROM, and angular velocities were calculated.

Results—In healthy dogs, swimming resulted in a significantly greater ROM in the hip joint than did walking, but in dogs with CCL rupture, ROM of the hip joint did not vary with swimming versus walking. For dogs in both groups, swimming resulted in significantly greater ROM of the stifle and tarsal joints than did walking, primarily because of greater joint flexion. Stifle joint ROM was significantly lower in dogs with CCL rupture than in healthy dogs, regardless of whether dogs were swimming or walking.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that following surgical management of a ruptured CCL in dogs, swimming resulted in greater ROM of the stifle and tarsal joints than did walking. This suggests that if ROM is a factor in the rate or extent of return to function in these dogs, then aquatic rehabilitation would likely result in a better overall outcome than walking alone. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2003;222:739–743)
Use of clomipramine, alprazolam, and behavior modification for treatment of storm phobia in dogs
Authors: Crowell-Davis Sharon L. , Seibert Lynne M. , Sung Wailani , Parthasarathy Valli , Curtis Terry M.
Published: July 2006

Objective—To evaluate use of clomipramine, alprazolam,
and behavior modification for treatment of storm
phobia in dogs.

Design—Prospective open clinical trial.

Animals—40 dogs with storm phobia.

Procedure—Dogs received clomipramine at a
dosage of 2 mg/kg (0.9 mg/lb), PO, every 12 hours for
3 months; then 1 mg/kg (0.45 mg/lb), PO, every 12
hours for 2 weeks; then 0.5 mg/kg (0.23 mg/lb), PO,
every 12 hours for 2 weeks. Alprazolam was given at
a dosage of 0.02 mg/kg (0.009 mg/lb), PO, as needed
1 hour before anticipated storms and every 4 hours as
needed. Desensitization and counter-conditioning
were conducted at home by the caregiver with an
audio simulation of storm sounds that had induced a
fear response during evaluation.

Results—30 of the 32 dogs that completed the study
had a degree of improvement, as measured by caregivers'
global assessment. Two caregivers considered
the storm phobia to be resolved. Panting, pacing, trembling,
remaining near the caregiver, hiding, excessive
salivation, destructiveness, excessive vocalization,
self-trauma, and inappropriate elimination all decreased
significantly during treatment. Improvement was
greater during true storms (rain, thunder, and lightning)
than during rain only. Response to audio simulation did
not change during treatment. Four months after the
study, improvement was maintained.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The combination
of clomipramine, alprazolam, and behavior modification
can be effective in decreasing or eliminating storm
phobia. Improvement could not be evaluated by use of
audio simulation of a storm. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2003;
222:744–748)
Prevalence of house soiling and aggression in kittens during the first year after adoption from a humane society
Authors: Wright John C. , Amoss Richard T.
Published: July 2006

Objective—To determine frequency of house soiling, aggression toward people, and aggression toward other cats among kittens adopted from an animal shelter and whether frequency of these behaviors was associated with age at the time of neutering.

Design—Survey.

Animals—126 kittens adopted from a humane society at 6 to 13 weeks of age.

Procedure—Owners of the kittens were contacted by telephone approximately 4, 18, and 52 weeks after kittens were adopted, and a behavioral assessment questionnaire was administered. Owners were asked to indicate whether the kitten had displayed the specific behavior in the preceding 30 days. Sixty-three kittens were neutered prior to adoption; the remaining 63 were neutered at 5 to 7 months of age, after the second behavioral assessment.

Results—In the month following adoption, 64 (50.8%) kittens were reported to have at least 1 of the 3 behaviors. There was no evidence that the 3 behaviors were related. The percentage of kittens reported to urinate or defecate outside the litter box decreased from the first to second evaluation and remained low at the third evaluation. The percentage of kittens reported to show aggression toward people and the percentage reported to show aggression toward other cats decreased from the first to second evaluation, but increased again at the third evaluation. There was no significant association between age at the time of neutering and any of the 3 behaviors.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest behavior problems may be common in kittens adopted from a humane society, particularly during the first month after adoption. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2004;224:1790–1795)
Elimination kinetics of ceftiofur hydrochloride after intramammary administration in lactating dairy cows
Authors: Smith Geof W. , Gehring Ronette , Riviere Jim E. , Yeatts James L. , Baynes Ronald E.
Published: July 2006

Objective—To determine the elimination kinetics of ceftiofur hydrochloride in milk after intramammary administration in lactating dairy cows.

Design—Prospective study.

Animals—5 lactating dairy cows.

Procedure—After collection of baseline milk samples, 300 mg (6 mL) of ceftiofur was infused into the left front and right rear mammary gland quarters of each cow. Approximately 12 hours later, an additional 300 mg of ceftiofur was administered into the same mammary gland quarters after milking. Milk samples were collected from each mammary gland quarter every 12 hours for 10 days. Concentrations of ceftiofur and its metabolites in each milk sample were determined to assess the rate of ceftiofur elimination.

Results—Although there were considerable variations among mammary gland quarters and individual cows, ceftiofur concentrations in milk from all treated mammary gland quarters were less than the tolerance (0.1 µg/mL) set by the FDA by 168 hours (7 days) after the last intramammary administration of ceftiofur. No drug concentrations were detected in milk samples beyond this period. Ceftiofur was not detected in any milk samples from nontreated mammary gland quarters throughout the study.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Ceftiofur administered by the intramammary route as an extralabel treatment for mastitis in dairy cows reaches concentrations in milk greater than the tolerance set by the FDA. Results indicated that milk from treated mammary gland quarters should be discarded for a minimum of 7 days after intramammary administration of ceftiofur. Elimination of ceftiofur may be correlated with milk production, and cows producing smaller volumes of milk may have prolonged withdrawal times. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2004;224:1827–1830)
Topical flea and tick pesticides and the risk of transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder in Scottish Terriers
Authors: Raghavan Malathi , Knapp Deborah W. , Dawson Marcia H. , Bonney Patty L. , Glickman Lawrence T.
Published: July 2006

Objective—To determine whether use of topical flea
and tick products increases the risk of transitional cell
carcinoma (TCC) of the urinary bladder in Scottish
Terriers.

Design—Case-control study.

Animals—87 adult Scottish Terriers with TCC (cases)
and 83 adult Scottish Terriers with other health-related
conditions (controls).

Procedure—Owners of study dogs were recruited
through private veterinary practices and the Scottish
Terrier Club of America. History of exposure to flea
and tick products 1 year prior to diagnosis of TCC for
case dogs and during a comparable period for control
dogs was obtained through a questionnaire. Risk of
TCC associated with exposure to flea and tick products
was determined by means of univariate and multiple
logistic regression analysis.

Results—After adjustment for host factors, Scottish
Terriers treated with topical spot-on flea and tick products
containing fipronil or imidacloprid did not have an
increased risk of TCC, compared with Scottish Terriers
that had never been exposed to any flea and tick products.
The risk of TCC associated with use of older topical
flea and tick products such as shampoos, dips,
powders, sprays, and collars could not be evaluated
because of the low number of owners in the study
population that had used such products.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest
that use of topical spot-on flea and tick products
does not increase the risk of TCC in Scottish Terriers.
( J Am Vet Med Assoc 2004;225:389–394)
Prognostic factors for survival of dogs with inguinal and perineal mast cell tumors treated surgically with or without adjunctive treatment: 68 cases (1994–2002)
Authors: Cahalane Alane Kosanovich , Payne Sarah , Barber Lisa G. , Duda Lillian E. , Henry Carolyn J. , Mauldin Glenna E. , Frimberger Angela E. , Cotter Susan M. , Moore Antony S.
Published: July 2006

Objective—To determine the prognostic factors for
survival and tumor recurrence in dogs with cutaneous
mast cell tumors (MCTs) in the perineal and inguinal
regions treated surgically with or without adjunctive
radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or both.

Design—Retrospective study.

Animals—68 dogs.

Procedure—Medical records of dogs with histologically
confirmed MCTs in the perineal region, inguinal
region, or both treated surgically with or without
adjunctive radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or both
were reviewed.

Results—Mean tumor-free interval was 1,635 days
(median not reached), and 1- and 2-year tumor-free
rates were 79% and 71%, respectively. Median survival
time was 1,111 days (mean, 1,223 days), and 1-
and 2-year survival rates were 79% and 61%, respectively.
Factors that negatively influenced survival time
were age at diagnosis, tumor recurrence, and treatment
with lomustine.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated
that dogs with MCTs in the inguinal and perineal
regions, if appropriately treated, may have survival
times and tumor-free intervals similar to dogs
with MCTs in other locations. ( J Am Vet Med Assoc
2004;225:401–408)
Helminth fauna of sympatric Przewalski’s Equus przewalskii Poljakov, 1881 and domestic horses E. caballus L. in the Chernobyl exclusion zone, Ukraine
Authors: Slivinska K. , Dvojnos G. , Kopij G.
Published: July 2006

In 1998 Przewalski’s horses have been introduced in the Chernobyl exclusion zone (CEZ), N Ukraine. They live in the zone under natural conditions. No anthelminthic treatment to these introduced horses has been applied to date. In this same area, 19 domestic horses were also stabled by some peasants. Eighteen years after the Chernobyl nuclear disaster, and five years after this introduction, the diagnostic dehelminthisation method has been applied both to the Przewalski’s horses (n = 21) and the domestic horses (n = 6). In addition, in one Przewalski’s and one domestic horse helmith fauna was surveyed using the post-mortem method. A total of 29 and 19 helminth species has been recorded in the Przewalski’s and domestic horses respectively. Only six helminth species were common for the two horse species compared. Species from the family Strongylidae constituted the dominant helminth group. Four cyathostomine species (Cyathostomum catinatum; Cylicostephanus minutus, C. longibursatus, Cylicocyclus nassatus) formed the majority of helminth parasites both in the Przewalski’s and domestic horses. Our findings suggest that the CEZ has no effect on the species diversity of helminth fauna parasiting Przewalski’s horses, neither it has an effect on the prevalence and intensity of parasite infestation. Behavioural and ecological studies also support the lack of such effect.
Syncuaria squamata (Linstow, 1883) (Nematoda: Acuariidae) in the Great Cormorant [Phalacrocorax carbo sinensins (Blumenbach, 1798)] in northern Poland
Authors: Kanarek G. , Rolbiecki L.
Published: July 2006

Of the 105 great cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo sinensins) from northern Poland (the Vistula Lagoon and Masurian Lake District), examined in 2000–2001, 67 proved hosts of the nematode Syncuaria squamata (Linstow, 1883). The prevalence, mean intensity, and intensity range amounted to 63.8 %, 36.2 specimens, and 1–120 specimens, respectively. The infection was heavier in the immature birds (84.6 %, 40.9 inds, and 1–120 inds) than in the adults (3.7 %, 1 ind.). The nematodes were dominated by gravid females (n=1846), followed by males (n=157), immature females (n=79), and L4 larvae (n=2). Measurements of the parasite are provided. S. squamata is a new species for the parasite fauna of Poland.
Xiphinema simile (Nematoda: Longidoridae) in the Czech Republic and a note on other Xiphinema species
Authors: Kumari S.
Published: July 2006

A nematode survey was carried out in South Moravia and Bohemia (Czech Republic) to assess the occurrence of Xiphinema in the rhizosphere of fruit orchards. Sixty six orchards in South Moravia and seven in Bohemia were studied during the years 2003 and 2004. Four Xiphinema species (X. diversicaudatum, X. pachtaicum, X. simile and X. vuittenezi) were recorded. X. simile constitutes a first record for the nematodes fauna of the Czech Republic.
Nematode communities in greenhouse soil of different ages from Shenyang suburb
Authors: Liu Y. , Hua J. , Jiang Y. , Li Q. , Wen D.
Published: July 2006

The distribution of nematode communities with depth in greenhouse soil of different ages from Shenyang suburb was investigated in October 2004. Thirteen families and 23 genera were observed in our study. Heterocephalobus was dominant genus in all treatments. The numbers of total nematodes and trophic groups declined with soil depth but increased with greenhouse age. Bacterivores were the most abundant trophic group in all treatments, followed by plant parasites and omnivores-predators, while fungivores were the least, only accounted for less than 4 % of the total abundance. Maturity index (MI) and plant parasite index (PPI) were effective in distinguishing differences in nematode community structure in different ages of greenhouses. The numbers of total nematodes were positively correlated with soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, nitrate, and electrolytic conductivity, but negatively with soil pH.
Enterobius vermicularis infection in preschool and schoolchildren of six rural communities from a semiarid region of Venezuela: A clinical and epidemiological study
Authors: Cazorla D. , Acosta M. , García E. , Garvett M. , Ruiz A.
Published: July 2006

Between August 2001 and July 2002, a cross-sectional survey was conducted to investigate clinical and epidemiological data on pinworm infection among 427 preschool and primary school age children of six rural communities from the semiarid region of Falcon state, northwestern Venezuela. Children were evaluated clinically and parasitologically by the Graham method. Overall prevalence was high (63.23 %). Pinworm infection rates were not significantly different between sex or age, suggesting similar transmission pattern and risk conditions for all individuals. Among the clinical findings and children’s habits, only perianal itching, enuresis, bruxism, and finger sucking showed significant higher percentages in infected children than in uninfected. Of interest was that anal pruritus (odds ratio [OR], 2.441), finger sucking (OR, 1.901), lower socioeconomic levels (OR, 4.358) and high levels of overcrowding conditions (≥ 3 persons/room: OR, 1.878; ≥ 2 persons/bed: OR, 11.833) appeared to be significant factors associated with transmission and endemic maintenance of enterobiasis among student children in this semi-arid Venezuelan region.
Species of the nematode genus Amidostomum Railliet and Henry, 1909 in aquatic birds in the Netherlands
Authors: Borgsteede F. , Kavetska K. , Zoun P.
Published: July 2006

The presence of gizzard worms belonging to the genus Amidostomum was studied in birds in the Netherlands during the period 1975–2003. Amidostomum acutum was found in Anatidae: Anas acuta, A. clypeata, A. crecca, A. penelope, A. platyrynchos, A. strepera, Aythya ferina, Ay. fuligula, Ay. marila, Bucephala clangula, Melanitta fusca, M. nigra, Tadorna tadorna, Somateria mollissima and Recurvirostra avocetta. No Amidostomum species were found in the following three species of Mergini: Mergus albellus, M. merganser and M. serrator. Amidostomum anseris was seen in Anser albifrons, A. fabalis, Branta bernicla and Branta leucopsis. Amidostomum cygni was detected in Cygnus bewickii and Cygnus olor, while Amidostomum fulicae was found in Fulica atra. The prevalence is only given for bird species where ten or more individuals had been investigated: Anas platyrhynchos (n = 14): 21.4 %; Melanitta nigra (n = 12): 91.7 %; Somateria mollissima (n = 117): 100 %; Anser albifrons (n = 11): 100 % and Cygnus olor (n = 10): 60 %. Based on the present results, much more attention should be paid to the systematics, the epidemiological pattern and the pathogenicity of worms of this genus.
Diversity of soil nematodes in meadows of the White Carpathians
Authors: Háněl L. , Čerevková A.
Published: July 2006

Soil nematodes were studied in 11 meadow sites in the White Carpathians. In total, 155 species and 86 genera were found but the composition of nematode assemblages in eastern and western side of the mountains differed. Most nematode species belonged to the orders Tylenchida (52), Dorylaimida (35) and Rhabditida (16), and to the trophic groups bacterivores (47), plant parasites (29) and omnivores (25). In individual sites and sampling dates the number of species varied in range 18–68, genera 18–52, H’spp 1.32–3.50, H’gen 1.31–3.21, T 1.79–5.70, MI 2.32–3.63, PPI 2.03–2.98, and ΣMI 2.20–3.50. Composition of nematode assemblages and their matrix classification indicated a low degree of anthropogenous disturbance to the meadows.
Effect of mechanical disturbances on nematode communities in arable land
Authors: Brmež M. , Ivezić M. , Raspudić E.
Published: July 2006

Nematode communities were used as bioindicators of changes in agroecosystems caused by anthropogenic factors. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of plowing and harrowing on nematode communities structure in comparison to “no tillage” treatments. The effects of mechanical disturbing of nematodes were determined on four soil treatments. Differences in nematode community structure were compared between two tillage regimes: standard tillage and no tillage. Research was conducted in 2000, in Kneževo near Osijek. Plowing had impact on increasing of bacterivorous nematodes and decreasing of fungivorous nematodes. Pratylenchus, Helicotylenchus and Tylenchus were dominant plant-feeding nematodes in no tillage treatments, while in plowing treatments Pratylenchus and Tylenchus were dominant. Abundance of Aphelenchoides decreased significantly after plowing. Tillage affected nematode communities in the soil ecosystem by changing the trophic structure and gave a decreasing, but not statistically significant, trend in MI.
Risks of biliary tract cancer and occupational exposures among Shanghai women textile workers: A case‐cohort study
Authors: Chang Chin‐Kuo , Astrakianakis George , Thomas David B. , Seixas Noah S. , Camp Janice E. , Ray Roberta M. , Li Gao Dao , Wernli Karen J. , Li Wenjin , Fitzgibbons E. Dawn , Vaughan Thomas L. , Checkoway Harvey
Published: July 2006

Background

Biliary tract cancer (BTC) is a relatively rare malignancy worldwide. Little is known about potential etiologic contributions of occupational exposures.

Methods

The associations between occupational exposures to textile dusts and chemicals and BTC are investigated in a cohort of 267,400 women textile workers in Shanghai, China. A nested case‐cohort analysis of 162 BTC cases diagnosed during 1989–1998 was conducted with a reference subcohort of 3,188 workers. Exposures to workplace dusts and chemicals were reconstructed by linking complete work history data with a job‐exposure matrix (JEM). Hazard ratios (HR) and dose‐response trends were estimated by Cox proportional hazards modeling modified for case‐cohort design.

Results

An elevated risk of ≥1‐year employment in maintenance jobs (HR 2.92, 95% CI: 1.48, 5.73) with a significant trend by duration is observed. Excess risk was also found for ≥20 years exposure to metals (HR 2.50, 95% CI: 1.09, 5.72).

Conclusions

Long‐term exposure to maintenance work and metals in the textile industry may have increased BTC risk in this population. Am. J. Ind. Med. 49:690–698, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetic disorders among Palestinian Arabs. 4: Genetic clinics in the community
Authors: Zlotogora Joël , Barges Saleh , Bisharat Bishara , Shalev Stavit A.
Published: July 2006

Genetic disorders are frequent in the Arab population of Israel, mainly because of the preference for consanguineous marriages. Many of the inherited diseases are present with a high frequency only in a limited region or a single village. It is therefore not surprising that, in each of the villages, a different distribution of genetic diseases is found; thus, a detailed knowledge of the genetic disorders present in each village is of utmost importance for genetic counseling. As a direct consequence of these observations two community genetics clinics were opened as a pilot project to study their impact on the population to be served. The use of a computer database allowed for easier and more accurate genetic counseling. There were almost 1,500 visits in the 4‐year period since the introduction of the services. During the years an increase in the mean number of consultations per clinic as well as a change in the type of referrals was observed. There was an increasing proportion of clinics that were made at a time in which genetic counseling allow for primary prevention. The presence of a genetic counselor in the village clinic allows for better and closer contacts with the family physician. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Übergangsmetallkomplexe des Bors – Neue Erkenntnisse und neuartige Koordinationstypen
Authors: Braunschweig Holger , Kollann Carsten , Rais Daniela
Published: July 2006

Seit der Veröffentlichung des letzten Aufsatzes im Jahre 1998 haben Übergangsmetallkomplexe des Bors anhaltendes Interesse ausgelöst. Borylkomplexe, die zahlenmäßig größte Klasse, wurden weiterhin intensiv erforscht, besonders in Hinblick auf die metallkatalysierte Funktionalisierung von organischen Substraten. Zusätzlich konnten neue Verbindungsarten wie Boran‐ und terminale Borylenkomplexe charakterisiert werden. Diese Studien erweiterten den Umfang der bekannten Koordinationstypen für borhaltige Liganden beträchtlich. Durch strukturanalytische und theoretische Untersuchungen konnten grundlegende elektronische Eigenschaften der Übergangsmetall‐Bor‐Bindung aufgeklärt werden, sodass sich Anwendungsmöglichkeiten für diese Komplexe abzeichnen. Hier werden die besten Methoden zur Bildung von Übergangsmetall‐Bor‐Bindungen vorgestellt, die zu neuen, faszinierenden Verbindungen geführt haben.