bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Examining the Relationship between Co-teaching and Special Education Teachers’ Self-efficacy for Teaching Elementary Mathematics
Authors: Smith-Moyler Tamara D , Grooms Linda D
Published: October 2022

This study examined the relationship between co-teaching and elementary special education teachers’ self-efficacy for teaching mathematics. A combined Co-Teacher Relationship Scale and Self-Efficacy for Teaching Mathematics Instrument was administered to 103 elementary special education teachers from Superintendent’s Regions 2 and 3 in the Commonwealth of Virginia who co-taught mathematics for at least one class period per day yielding a 54% response rate (N = 56). Employing a Spearman’s Rho, analysis revealed moderate, positive, statistically significant correlations between the co-teaching relationship and self-efficacy for teaching mathematics (rs = 0.41, p = 0.002) and between the grade level co-taught and self-efficacy (rs = 0.43, p = 001). There was also a small, positive correlation between the number of years a special education teacher co-taught mathematics and self-efficacy for teaching mathematics (rs = 0.20); however, that relationship was not statistically significant (p = 0.14). A one-way ANOVA revealed that special education teachers who co-taught Grade 5 had the highest self-efficacy score (M = 92.85, SD = 13.39) compared to those who co-taught Grade 2 (M = 83.38, SD = 13.49), Grade 3 (M = 81.00, SD = 12.49), Grade 4 (M = 80.90, SD = 15.61), Grade 1 (M = 74.33, SD =11.74), Kindergarten (M = 73.25, SD = 13.15), and pre-Kindergarten (M = 68.33, SD = 22.23). The implications include providing co-teachers with time to develop collaborative relationships prior to co-teaching, increasing training and implementing effective scheduling and planning practices for co-teaching teams, and increasing job-embedded mathematics training for special education teachers.
Teachers' Self-Assessment Ability to Teach in an Inclusive School Environment
Authors: Marin Elena
Published: October 2022

Social inclusion in many cases refers to measures and actions in various fields to increase the rate of active participation of people in all dimensions of life, valuing the civic and democratic responsibility to accept and promote diversity. Educational inclusion cannot be achieved in isolation from social inclusion, between the two concepts being a relationship of double determination. This research aims to investigate the teachers' ability to teach in an inclusive school environment and looks at to which extent the education process at a microlevel is favourable to the inclusion of students with SEN across schools in Romania. Moreover, the research tries to investigate to which extend are teachers influenced by their attitudes and knowledge about educational inclusion and its practice when it comes to the inclusion of SEN students. These results show that teachers expressed both acceptance and concern about the inclusion of students with SEN in mainstream schools. However, in general, the answers indicate that most teachers are in favour of inclusion by expressing positive beliefs and attitudes, such as: seeing inclusive education as a way to combat discrimination, the acceptance of each student regardless of health, etnic or religious staus and socioeconomic status are welcome in mainstream education system and what stands out is the fact that techers disagree with the view that inclusion is problematic, rather than beneficial.
论二十年代乡土小说的创作
Authors:   新疆理工学院, 李 呈祥
Published: October 2022

五四时期，以鲁迅为代表的知识分子，以自己熟悉的风土人情为题材，旨在揭示农村生活的愚昧、落后，并借此抒发自己的乡愁，创作了一系列以农民和农村生活为主导的小说，可称其为“乡土小说”。本文探讨乡土小说热潮的原因、代表作品和意义，并提出，乡土小说不再局限于人生问题的讨论，作者以其熟悉的村镇生活揭露黑暗现实，希望通过创作促进社会转变。
A Field Study on the Script Structure of English Drama in Education in Chinese Primary and Secondary School
Authors: Ma Shelin , Liu Jie
Published: October 2022

Drama in Education (DIE) is believed to play a specially positive role in helping students in primary and secondary schools to form language awareness and develop language abilities. It has gradually formed its own script structure characteristics in the practice of local English teaching. By analyzing the scripts of 31 dramas staged by three local schools in the English culture and drama festivals, this paper summarizes the implementation characteristics of DIE from the aspects of story source, script source, students’ involvement, and theme distribution. In addition, this paper also analyzes the script structure favored by local teachers and students from four stages: the beginning, the development, the climax and the ending, which will greatly help solve the problem of drama creation for primary and secondary school teachers and students, and improve their enthusiasm to implement DIE in English classroom.
Revision and Application of Attitude Scale for Qualitative Research in Psychology among Chinese Undergraduates
Authors: He Wuming , Zou Jiaxiao , Wang Mengying , Ye Xuewen , Dai Xiuqing , Cai Qiuju
Published: October 2022

Building on foreign literature about the attitude toward qualitative methods for psychology and combining with our local experience of teaching qualitative methods to psychology students, we revised and validated the original scale of Attitude towards Qualitative Research in Psychology (AQRP), generating Attitude Scale for Qualitative Research in Psychology (ASQRP). The scale was also applied to evaluate the effect of our course on qualitative methods for psychology. Three studies were conducted to explore, revise and validate the scale. In study 1, we translated and revised the original scale with eighteen items from the previous study. In a sample of 311 students enrolled in psychology courses, we surveyed and conducted a confirmatory factor analysis on four dimensions of the original scale. Among them, there was zero correlation between perceived lack of validity and qualitative orientation, while the two dimensions of the original scale were negatively correlated. The results of the fitness index were slightly away from expectations. In study 2, we added six locally adapted items to the scale and surveyed again to gain a sample of 249 psychology students. Exploratory analysis established a three-dimension structure of the Attitude Scale for Qualitative Research in Psychology (ASQPR) containing “perceived lack of validity,” “capturing the lived experience,” and “time- and resource- intensive,” with twenty-two items remaining and the dimension of “qualitative orientation” in the original scale reduced. Correlations between the ASQPR and Knowledge about Qualitative Research Scale and Psychology as a Science Scale showed acceptable validity. In study 3, the ASQPR was applied to assess students’ learning outcomes who took part in the psychological qualitative methods courses for a semester. We used a pretest-posttest design to track the attitude changes in three samples of students (179 in total). After the course, students increased their knowledge about qualitative research and realized the advantages of qualitative approach (i.e., capturing the lived experience) and quantitative approach. They also generally think of qualitative research as time and resource-demanding. However, the ingrained perception of qualitative research as lacking validity remained unchanged. In sum, the current study developed a tool suitable for Chinese students to assess their attitudes towards qualitative research, which can assist in curriculum reform and construction involving teaching qualitative methods.
Daya Dukung Pariwisata Selama Pandemi Covid-19 di Wana Wisata Ranca Upas, Kabupaten Bandung, Jawa Barat
Authors: Rumba Rumba , Dwi Pratiwi Wiwik
Published: October 2022

Rencana pembangunan fasilitas dan aktivitas wisata di Wana Wisata Ranca Upas (WWRU), Kabupaten Bandung serta pandemi Covid-19 secara tidak langsung berdampak pada lingkungan fisik kawasan hutan khususnya perhitungan daya dukung pariwisata seperti pengaturan jarak fisik. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengkaji karakteristik pengunjung selama pandemi Covid-19, menganalisis daya dukung fisik, serta mencari faktor koreksi ekologi dan psikologi untuk kemudian menganalisis daya dukung riil dan efektif. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode kuantitatif didukung oleh data kualitatif berupa observasi langsung, wawancara, kuesioner serta studi literatur dan dokumen. Analisis daya dukung fisik, riil, dan efektif mengacu pada Cifuentes (1992), faktor koreksi ekologi melalui studi literatur, sedangkan faktor koreksi psikologi dianalisis menggunakan skala likert dan garis kontinum. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa WWRU selama pandemi Covid-19 mampu menampung 46.784 pengunjung/hari. Faktor koreksi ekologi yang didapatkan berdasarkan hasil studi adalah 40% untuk matahari, 6,25% dan 18,75% untuk curah hujan, serta 51,77% untuk faktor koreksi psikologi. Sedangkan berdasarkan studi literatur adalah 20,93% untuk tanah, 20,24% untuk air, dan 28,46% untuk rumput. Hasil perhitungan menunjukkan daya dukung riil kawasan WWRU selama pandemi Covid-19 adalah 5.896 pengunjung/hari atau menurun sekitar 71,44% dibandingkan penelitian sebelum pandemi Covid-19 sedangkan daya dukung efektif selama Covid-19 menggunakan kapasitas manajemen adalah 1.814 pengunjung/hari dan masih bisa dioptimalkan apabila dibandingkan dengan rerata kunjungan tahunan aktual WWRU.
Peran Dewan Pengawas Syariah dengan Pendekatan Sharia Compliance pada Lembaga Keuangan Mikro Syariah (Studi Kasus pada USPPS BMT Sunan Drajat)
Authors: Latifah Eny , Fika Zahara
Published: October 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah ingin mengetahui  peran yang dilakukan oleh Dewan Pengawas Syariah dalam menjalankan kinerjanya dengan pendekatan sharia compliance di Lembaga Keuangan Mikro Syariah (LKMS) yang bernama Unit Simpan Pinjam Pembiayaan Syariah Baitul Maal wat-Tamwil Sunan Drajat. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan tehnik analisis data memadukan Triangulasi data dengan harapan dapat mendapatkan informasi yang sesuai dengan fakta. Hasil penelitian adalah   peran yang dilakukan Dewan Pengawas Syariah USPPS BMT Sunan drajat dengan menggunakan pendekatam sharia compliance meliputi: Melakukan Pengawasan dan Audit atas kegiatan operasional, produk-produk dengan kesesuaian akad-akad syariah yang diterapkan agar jauh dari riba atau hal-hal yang diharamkan syariah dengan mendapat pengontrolan langsung oleh Dewan Pengawas Syariah.
Motivasi Whistleblower: Mengungkap Fraud Keuangan Daerah dalam Konsep Amar Ma’ruf nahi Mungkar
Authors: Majid Jamaluddin , Ramli Bustan , R Fatahillah , Praditha Riza , Abidin Zainal Abidin , Cibu Andi Yusril Cibu
Published: October 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap manifestasi konsep amar ma’ruf nahi mungkar dalam memotivasi seorang whistleblower untuk mengungkap fraud keuangan instansi pemerintahan daerah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan studi literasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsep amar ma’ruf nahi mungkar dianggap mampu dalam memotivasi seorang whistleblower untuk mengungkapkan tindak fraud keuangan yang ditemukannya. Hal ini karena pendalaman konsep-konsep keagamaan yang dilakukan oleh whistleblower yaitu amar ma’ruf nahi mungkar akan mendorong seseorang untuk bersikap dan bertindak sesuai dengan ketentuan yang berlaku. Dari pandangan whistleblower akan meningkatkan motivasi dan keyakinan dirinya untuk mengungkap tindakan fraud dalam mencegah kerugian keuangan pemerintah daerah.
Analisis Kinerja Keuangan pada Koperasi Kreditpansos Setia Kawan di Desa Purwodadi Kecamatan Muara Padang Kabupaten Banyuasin
Authors: Ahmad Khoiri , Kurniawan Chandra , Hodsay Zahruddin
Published: October 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kinerja keuangan pada Koperasi Kredit Pansos Setia Kawan di Desa Purwodadi Kecamatan Muara Padang Kabupaten Banyuasin. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik analisis data menggunakan Peraturan Deputi Bidang Pengawasan KUKM RI Nomor. 06/Per/Dep.IV/2016. Maka, hasil penelitian kinerja keuangan Koperasi Kredit selama Tahun 2019-2021 ditinjau dari aspek permodalan selama Tahun 2019 sampai 2021 memperoleh skor rata-rata 15,00 dengan predikat (sehat). Aspek kualitas aktiva produktif skor rata-rata 16,83 predikat (cukup sehat). Aspek manajemen skor rata-rata 15,00 predikat (sehat). Aspek efesiensi dengan skor rata-rata 7,00 dengan predikat (cukup sehat). Aspek likuiditas dengan skor rata-rata 5,00 dengan predikat (dalam pengawasan khusus). Aspek kemandirian dan pertumbuhan memperoleh skor rata-rata 6,50 dengan predikat (dalam pengawasan). Adapun aspek jatidiri mendapat skor rata-rata 10,00 dalam predikat (sehat). Sehingga dapat dikatakan kinerja keuangan Koperasi Kredit Pansos Setia Kawan selama Tahun 2019-2021 mengalami penurunan kinerja dengan rata-rata 75,33 predikat cukup sehat.
Pengaruh Kegiatan Program Marketing Public Relations terhadap Citra Perusahaan di Hotel Novotel Bandung
Authors: Wulandari Fransiska Wuri , Azizah Nur , Subrayanti Delia
Published: October 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui  hubungan kegiatan marketing public relations terhadap citra hotel yang dipersepsikan oleh konsumen di Hotel Novotel Bandung. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian yang digunakan metode explanatory survey,  yaitu penelitian melalui penyebaran kuesioner dengan tujuan untuk menggambarkan variabel-variabel yang diteliti dan kemungkinan pengujian hipotesis berkenaan dengan hubungan antar variabel yang diteliti. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan metode analisis korelasi untuk menganalisis data. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini terdapat hubungan signifikan antara marketing public relations dengan citra. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan Korelasi yang positif dan signifikan menunjukkan marketing public relations distrategikan dengan baik oleh Novotel akan bersesuaian dengan makin baiknya tanggapan tamu member terhadap citra hotel.
Pengaruh Sektor Pariwisata terhadap Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) Kabupaten Sumbawa
Authors: Arisandi Bobi
Published: October 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis: 1) pengaruh jumlah wisatawan terhadap pendapatan asli daerah di Kabupaten Sumbawa, 2) pengaruh jumlah hunian hotel terhadap pendapatan asli daerah di Kabupaten Sumbawa, 3) PDRB terhadap pendapatan asli daerah di Kabupaten Sumbawa, 4) Pengaruh jumlah wisatawan, jumlah hunian hotel PDRB di Kabupaten Sumbawa. Waktu penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Agustus 2022. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: Pertama, ada pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan antara jumlah wisatawan terhadap pendapatan asli daerah di Kabupaten Sumbawa. Kedua, Jumlah hunian hotel berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap pendapatan asli daerah Kabupaten Sumbawa. Ketiga, PDRB tidak berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap pendapatan asli daerah Kabupaten Sumbawa. Keempat, Jumlah wisatawan, jumlah hunian hotel dan PDRB secara bersamaan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap pendapatan asli daerah Kabupaten Sumbawa, yang ditunjukkan oleh nilai F hitung 7.682 > F tabel 4,76 dan nilai signifikan 0.117 > ???? = 0,05. Artinya Jumlah wisatawan, jumlah hunian hotel dan PDRB mampu mempengaruhi varian pada pendapatan asli daerah sebesar 92 % dan sisanya dijelaskan oleh variabel lainnya.
Pandemi Covid_19 Berdampak pada Peningkatan Penjualan Produk Kelor “Moringa Kidom” CV. Tri Utami Jaya di NTB
Authors: Nursansiwi Dwi Arini , Armiani
Published: October 2022

Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui apakah Covid_19 berdampak pada penigkatan penjualan produk kelor “Moringa_Kidom” diproduksi CV. Tri Utami Jaya di NTB. Metode yang digunakan, kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus deskriptif. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara intens dengan informan pemilik CV. Tri Utami Jaya di NTB. Wawancara menggunakan kuesioner terbuka, untuk mengetahui perkembangan tingkat penjualan sebelum dan sesudah pandemi Covid_19 serta strategi bisnis yang dilakukan oleh informan dalam menghadapi persaingannya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Produk kelor “Moringa_Kidom” memiliki vitamin dan nutrisi yang kompleks untuk pencegahan Covid_19. informan menerapkan strategi cost leadership dan differentiation dalam penetapan harga, serta strategi pemasaran digital (e-commerce dan social media) untuk peningkatan penjualannya. Pada masa pandemi Covid_19, produk kelor “Moringa_Kidom” mengalami peningkatan penjualan sebesar 200%, dan sudah go internasional dengan negara; Taiwan, Korea, Japan, Arab Saudi, Cina, sampai ke Eropa.
Analysis of Factors Affecting State Revenue Receipts From the Taxation Sector
Authors: Ernawati Wanti , Aziz Abdul , Mualimin Jaya
Published: October 2022

State revenues reflected in the APBN can be understood as total state financial revenues. This study aims to describe state revenues from the tax sector. The research method uses explanations from secondary data sources, especially from BPS. The conclusion obtained is that domestic tax revenues sourced from income tax, value added tax and income tax on luxury goods, land and building taxes, excise and other taxes have a direct effect on state financial revenues. The second international trade tax still does not make a significant contribution even though the import duty tax revenue is quite good, and the export tax is still not significant. The contribution of overall tax revenue in Indonesia to state finances is very high.
Pengaruh Kualitas, Desain, Harga terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Produk Mebel UMKM Kabupaten Kediri
Authors: Saptaria Lina
Published: October 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji pengaruh kualitas, desain, dan harga terhadap keputusan pembelian produk mebel secara parsial dan simultan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa : (1) kualitas produk berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian produk mebel; (2) desain produk berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian produk mebel; (3) harga produk berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian produk mebel; (4) kualitas, desain, dan harga berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian produk mebel; Implikasi hasil penelitian ini adalah untuk memberikan informasi manajerial khususnya pada aspek pemasaran produk mebel. Hasil penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagai dasar pengambilan keputusan manajer UD Mebel Al Barokah tentang variabel-variabel yang mempengaruhi keputusan pembelian produk mebel, yaitu : kualitas produk, desain produk, dan harga produk. Saran bagi peneliti selanjutnya adalah menguji variabel lain yang mungkin mempengaruhi keputusan pembelian produk mebel di UD Mebel Al Barokah seperti : promosi, inovasi produk, kualitas pelayanan, dan  kepercayaan konsumen.
Sosialisasi Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa
Authors: HK Marlina , Shafwan Rofi , Fathony Muhammad Hafiz
Published: October 2022

Hasil belajar siswa dapat ditingkatkan melalui penggunaan model pembelajaran yang tepat. Penggunaan model pembelajaran yang tepat dapat membuat pembelajaran menjadi lebih bermakna dan meningkatkan aktivitas serta hasil belajar siswa. Kegiatan ini merupakan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat yang dilakukan dalam bentuk sosialisasi model pembelajaran, yaitu model pembelajaran kooperatif. Kegiatan sosialisasi ini dilaksanakan di SDN Mangkauk 3 Kabupaten Banjar. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan pada tanggal 08 September 2022 dengan melibatkan seluruh guru yang terdapat di sekolah tersebut dengan jumlah 11 orang. Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah untuk mensosialisasikan atau memberikan pemahaman tentang penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif dalam proses pembelajaran di kelas, dan dapat meningkatkan motivasi bagi guru-guru dalam hal melakukan inovasi pembelajaran untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa. Materi yang dipaparkan dalam kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think Pair Share dan Course Review Horray.
Pendampingan Penerapan Strategi Bisnis pada Coffee Shop Tradisional di Kalimantan Tengah
Authors: Noorjaya Nahan  , Kristinae Vivy , Syamsudin Achmad
Published: October 2022

Pengabdian masyarakat di bidang manajemen pemasaran, untuk meningkatkan strategi bisnis bagi para pelaku usaha kopi tradisional di Kalimantan Tengah. Meningkatkan kinerja usaha dengan variabel kualitas produk dan kualitas pelayanan. Hasil analisis 200 responden di warung kopi tradisional dan dengan program SPSS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kualitas produk original dan cita rasa klasik berpengaruh signifikan dalam meningkatkan kinerja bisnis. Selanjutnya, hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa kualitas layanan signifikan dalam meningkatkan kinerja bisnis. Implikasinya dapat meningkatkan pendapatan dan konsumen, dengan strategi bisnis menjaga kualitas produk dan selalu memperhatikan kualitas pelayanan.
Historical Association of Tanzania
Authors:   University of Dar es Salaam, Kimambo Isaria N.
Published: October 2022

This is a description of activities of the Historical Association of Tanzania, which was founded in 1966 at the University College, Dar es Salaam. It is divided into six sections. Section One dwells on how higher education institutions around the world enabled their history departments to form historical associations that connected them with the masses of people in the respective countries. Section Two describes the most successful beginnings for the Historical Association in Tanzania marked by, among other things, setting up of an Executive Committee elected through meetings of representatives of history teachers from various regions in the country; production of reading materials for schools; and holding of annual conferences that resulted in publication of books based on papers presented during the conferences. The third section gives a picture of decline in the years from the late 1970s, as manifested in the ceasing of production of paper series, irregularity of meetings and a major drawback in publication of books. Section Four discusses some aspects of revival as witnessed in the period from1983 to 1986, including the resumption of the annual conferences that had stopped for a number of years. The fifth section looks at the period from 1998 to 2001, during which an aspiration for growth was signaled although no practical outcomes were registered. Despite the registration of HAT as an NGO in 1999 the state of ‘dementia’ continued till 2015, when the Department of History at the University of Dar es Salaam started taking promising measures that were still continuing at the time of writing of this article.
Managing Inter-State Border Disputes: Experience from the Malawi-Tanzania Border Wrangle
Authors:   University of Dar es Salaam, Zotto James
Published: October 2022

For decades, Malawi has been in a border dispute with Tanzania. Efforts to manage the dispute have been made. This paper highlights the border dispute management initiatives taken by Malawi and Tanzania. Specifically, it examines the reasons why the management of the dispute has not been successful. The paper begins by clarifying certain conceptual issues. It then describes the management of border disputes in Africa in order to establish how the disputes have been managed on the continent as a whole. This helps to establish the success or failure of the border dispute management initiatives on the continent. Then, the paper examines the management of the border dispute involving Nyasaland and Tanganyika during the colonial period, specifically during the late British colonial period. Finally, it analyses the border dispute management initiatives taken by Malawi and Tanzania during the post-colonial period. Data for this paper are drawn from multiple sources, including documentary information and oral interviews. The argument is that the colonial governments of Nyasaland and Tanganyika and, later, the post-colonial governments of Malawi and Tanzania, attempted to manage the border dispute under consideration but in vain because of the various socio-economic and political circumstances that influenced the process which consequently retarded the efforts to manage the dispute. In this regard, the paper has found that the colonising power did not put considerable effort in managing the dispute because it was not their priority and because it did not affect them in any way. The early post-colonial governments of Malawi and Tanzania did not make a great effort to manage the dispute either, since they were preoccupied with other pressing issues such as building their national economies and repositioning themselves in the new, post-colonial context.
Book Review: Street Archives and City Life: Popular Intellectuals in Postcolonial Tanzania.
Authors:   University of Dar es Salaam, Edward Frank
Published: October 2022

Over the last three decades, a diverse array of historical studies on Dar es Salaam City in Tanzania, from both national and international researchers and writers, has grown considerably. Most of the published studies have focused on the social histories of the city’s denizens, urban governance, spatial distribution, cultural histories and environmental issues. Outstanding works in this group include James R. Brennan’s Taifa: Making Nation and Race in Urban Tanzania (2012); Bernard Calas’ (editor) From Dar es Salaam to Bongoland: Urban Mutations in Tanzania (2007); and Laura Sykes and Uma Waide’s Dar es Salaam: A Dozen Drives around the City (1997). These books have employed approaches ranging from those employed by ethnographers, geographers, sociologists to those used by conventional historians. Arguably, popular works of fiction which are plenty in postcolonial Dar es Salaam have found no abode in such great publications. Put differently, the previous urban historians have hardly employed literary works as sources in writing and interpreting urban histories. The outcome of neglecting such sources has been underrepresentation of the intellectual history of the city.
The Mbarali Chinese Rice Farm and its Environmental Menace in the Usangu Plains, 1971 to the mid-1980s
Authors:   University of Dar es Salaam, Ambindwile George K.
Published: October 2022

For a long time, the Mbarali Rice Farm in the Usangu Plains has been portrayed as a success story of the Chinese establishment in Tanzania. The farm has been associated with development and expansion of rice farming, population growth, development of rice agricultural infrastructures in the region and with an increased food production nationwide. However, its history and the environmental cost of such development in the region have rarely been scrutinised. Drawing on archival and oral sources, this paper argues that the Mbarali Rice Farm constructed in Chinese model has brought substantial environmental impact such as weeds (wild rice) invasion in the region, water use change, floods and loss of biodiversity, consequently leading to its ecological decline.
African Environmental History: East African Progress, 1970s to the Present
Authors:   University of Dar es Salaam, Chuhila Maxmillian Julius
Published: October 2022

This paper provides a historiographical review of the development of African environmental history in the past five decades. It reviews major developments in the field by examining the themes covered, the methodology used and how the discipline can be expanded. While it focuses on Tanzania mostly, it starts with a general overview of African and East African experiences before narrowing down to Tanzania. It tries to fit the general developments into the East African context by using Tanzania. It suggests that environmental historians of Africa should consider the study of urban environments that by far have been left to human geographers and anthropologists especially after the debatable ‘end of nature’ movement. The urban environments, infrastructure, rapid demographic change in African unplanned cities and towns for instance, present challenges that are negotiated by urban dwellers and that are central in environmental history. Our focus has always been studying rural communities while ignoring the urban spaces that also have unique challenges and its people have developed strategies to deal with them in the context of changing access to urban opportunities on urban resources.
Book Review
Authors:   University of Vienna, Rothe Andreas
Published: October 2022

Friedman, John T.: Imagining the Post-Apartheid State: An Ethnographic Account of Namibia. New York: Berghahn Books, 2011.
Symbolism and Gender among the Late Pre-Colonial Luo People in Northern Tanzania: Lessons on How to Interpret African Mythical Traditions
Authors:   University of Dar es Salaam, Onyiego Albertus K.
Published: October 2022

Unlike the historical studies undertaken in Africa during the 1950s and 1960s, there has been a declining interest among historians to employ mythical traditions in understanding African past. While this trend can be viewed as a response to theoretical, methodological, and thematic shifts that have taken place in African history over the last few decades, it is my submission that there is a need to reincorporate mythical traditions in historical analyses so as to broaden the horizon within which African past can be understood. This article seeks to analyse implicit gender constructions among the Luo people of northern Tanzania as unveiled through the story of a mythical woman called Nyamgondho. I argue that, in the final analysis, it was wife’s productive and reproductive labour that sustained the economic well-being and social stability of the Luo society. This argument is substantiated by the sequence of events in the respective tradition depicting crucial contribution made by Nyamgondho in her husband’s homestead in terms of wealth creation and sustenance. The material presented in this paper comes from library research conducted in 2012 when I was a graduate student at the University of Iowa (USA) and the main objective was to demonstrate how symbolic information can be discerned from mythical traditions.
Fictional reconstruction of history of Kilwa in M.G Vassanji’s The Magic of Saida
Authors:   University of Dar es Salaam, Lema Emmanuel P.
Published: October 2022

This paper explores M.G Vassanji’s novel, The Magic of Saida (2012). It draws on the idea of reconstruction of history used in anthropology[1] and utilizes it as an approach in carrying out textual analysis of the novel and exploring how the novel reconstructs the history of Kilwa. Additionally, it employs Stephen Greeblatt idea of New Historicism, whereby appreciation of the text history and textuality of history is done on the assumption that the novel is a closely-knit fabric composed of both historical and literary threads. The paper argues that Kamal Punja’s story about his return to Kilwa to look for his childhood lover, Saida is well intertwined with accounts and varying versions of stories of old Kilwa, slavery and slave trade in Kilwa, German intervention in Kilwa and African resistances. It is further argued that Vassanji is not only writing Kamal’s story but also allowing Kamal to revisit his past and reconstruct the history and in that way through the novel fiction and history have been used by Vassanji to propose a view that there are differences between actual historical events, varying perceptions of the events and the histories about the events, thus Vassanji has provided readers with a room to question the process by which we represent ourselves and our world and to become aware of the means by which we make sense of and construct our history.
Reinstating Local Agency: Origins and Development of Irrigated Rice Production in the Usangu Plains, 1920s to 1960
Authors:   University of Dar es Salaam, Ambindwile George K.
Published: October 2022

Many colonial scholars in the 20th century pointed out that agriculture was introduced in the continent from outside, basically Europe and Asia. They refused to accept that African ingenuity had a role to play in the development of agriculture. Premised on this line of thinking, many scholars who studied the Usangu Plains attributed the introduction and development of rice production in the plains to the Baluchi. Drawing from archival, oral and secondary written sources, and working within the framework of local agency and political economy theories, this paper argues that contrary to the popular notions that have attributed irrigated rice farming to the Baluchi community, the establishment of irrigated rice farming in the region was primarily an indigenous initiative of the Sangu. It further recognizes the role-played by the British colonial state in the expansion of irrigated rice farming which has seldom been accounted for by scholars who studied the area under study.
Administrative Boundaries and Manifestations of Conflict between Pastoralists and Peasants in Kiteto District, Northern Tanzania, 1970 to 2016
Authors:   University of Dar es Salaam, Paresso Juma M.
Published: October 2022

After her independence in 1961, the new government of Tanganyika (now called Mainland Tanzania) embarked on the establishment of new administrative units, namely regions, districts, wards, villages, and hamlets as well as establishing political and administrative boundaries. The government expected that local communities would peacefully utilize the existing resources within the respective administrative units. Contrary to that, the newly established administrative units and their respective boundaries caused conflicts in different parts of Mainland Tanzania. The reviewed literature suggests that conflicts emerged over pieces of land that separated the borders and ethnically created boundaries. Using archival sources, interviews, newspapers and documentary reviews, this paper argues that boundary conflicts between peasants and pastoralists in Kiteto District were caused by political and administrative decisions of the post-colonial government which ignored the traditional land administrative units and boundaries. The new boundaries were set up for political interests; they ignored traditional boundary settings and violated land laws and procedures during the installation of the boundary marks. The paper is thought to be significant as it contributes to the existing scholarship on border disputes.
PERSEPSI PASANGAN SUAMI ISTRI KATOLIK TANPA ANAK TENTANG TUJUAN PERKAWINAN PROKREASI DI STASI TIKATUKANG
Authors: Maria Penaten Asan
Published: October 2022

ABSTRAKPersepsi Pasangan Suami Istri Katolik Tanpa Anak Tentang Tujuan Perkawinan Prokreasi Di Stasi Sta. Lidia Tikatukang Paroki St. Petrus Koli Sagu. Masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana persepsi pasangan suami istri Katolik tanpa anak tentang tujuan perkawinan prokreasi di stasi Santa Lidia Tikatukang Paroki Santo Petrus Koli Sagu. Metode penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 5 pasangan suami istri. Untuk mengumpulkan data digunakan teknik wawancara kepada informan. Data dianalisis menurut Milles dan Hubermen dengan tahapannya yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data dan verifikasi atau penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pasangan suami istri yang tidak mempunyai keturunan menghayati hidup perkawinan dengan berdasarkan Hukum Kanon pada point pertama yaitu kesejahteraan atau kebahagiaan suami istri dengan keadaan budaya yang mengharuskan adanya keturunan hingga dalam keseharian mereka merasa dikucilkan dalam kehidupa sosial. Selain itu pula adanya rasa minder, malu bahkan dalam diri sehingga sering terjadi percekcokan dalam rumah tangga. _______________________Kata Kunci : Persepsi, Perkawinan Katolik, Prokreasi
Heritage Economics in Post-Disaster Reconstruction
Authors:   ICHEC Brussels Management School, Brussels, Belgium, Ost Christian
Published: October 2022

This paper applies the principles and tools of heritage economics to issues of post-disaster reconstruction. Cultural heritage is identified as cultural capital embedded in an Historic Urban Landscape generating streams of revenue over time. It is understood to include intangible assets and we assume a participatory approach to the value assessment of heritage. We propose a set of conditions for understanding the post-disaster analysis of lost or destroyed cultural heritage. The paper looks at how to analyse the economic value of cultural heritage and identify impact and stakeholders at both the micro and macro levels in post-disaster situations. Economic benefits are broken down into benefits from the reconstruction (or, for intangible heritage, re-enactment) process and those from the reconstructed heritage itself. The question of how to use the reconstructed cultural heritage is addressed, as is that of adaptive reuse within a context of sustainable development. The paper suggests post-disaster reconstruction should be considered within the broader perspective of long-wave social transformation and economic fluctuation. Threats to cultural heritage, whether from disaster, human conflict, uncontainable development, or societal revolution, occur within complex cyclical timeframes and understanding them can contribute to preventing and mitigating risks. Turning threats into opportunities for sustainable conservation is particularly important in fast-growing cities and times of crisis.
The Recovery and Reconstruction of Cultural Heritage: The Socio-Economic Approach
Authors:   Independent researcher, Marcinkowska Magdalena
Published: October 2022

The increase in armed conflict and natural hazards is the major threat to cultural heritage around the world. According to new data provided by the World Bank and UNESCO, disasters will cost cities across the globe ‘some US$314 billion in annual damage and losses’ by 2030. Millions of people have been displaced or recognised as refugees. Together, these factors produce a need for rethinking the socio-economic aspects of cultural heritage reconstruction and why they are important. This paper presents an analysis of the socio-economic aspects of recovery or reconstruction in international doctrinal texts (soft law) and policy documents. The article also looks at the role played by the intentional destruction historic centre of Warsaw, its subsequent recovery, and its exceptional inscription on the World Heritage List in 1980 in the process of developing this discourse. These experiences served as the starting point for reopening and reinvigorating the debate over the recovery and reconstruction of cultural heritage, helping to establish the non-binding principles introduced in the Warsaw Recommendation on the Recovery and Reconstruction of Cultural Heritage, which emphasizes the socio-economic aspects and the need for a people-centred approach to recovery and reconstruction.
World Monuments Fund Lessons from the Field: Heritage Recovery in Post-Crisis Areas
Authors:   President and CEO of World Monuments Fund, de Montlaur Bénédicte
Published: October 2022

World Monuments Fund (WMF) is the leading independent organization devoted to safeguarding the world’s most treasured places, with more than half a century of experience working with communities and heritage sites affected by disaster, including the Historic Center of Mostar, the Char Narayan Temple in Nepal, and urban centres damaged by earthquakes and tsunamis in Japan. At all these sites, WMF’s aim has been to establish projects centred on sustainable development and urban revitalization, linking heritage recovery with long-term community benefits. The breadth of our experience allows us to consider how specific strategies for heritage rehabilitation aid in the process of social and economic recovery. This essay presents the principal lessons gleaned from our experience in post-disaster recovery, both comparing and contrasting the different approaches we have used and looking at the success of their outcomes. These lessons provide a valuable foundation for an enriched professional approach to heritage preservation and rehabilitation in post-disaster areas, linking short-term actions to long-term recovery.
War Scars between Erasure and Semantic Transformation: Lessons from Post-traumatic Reconstruction in Beirut
Authors:   Université Paris 1, Panthéon-Sorbonne, Haïdar Mazen
Published: October 2022

"This paper explores the links between Lebanese urban communities’ reception of the destruction of heritage and post-war recovery practices related to it. Starting with the Lebanese armed conflict of 1975-1990 and the subsequent rehabilitation of the National Museum of Beirut, located on the old demarcation line, this contribution addresses the semantic transformations of the scars of war within the built environment of Beirut. Omnipresent in the early 1990s, such traces are today scattered throughout the city. Their gradual disappearance may symbolize a social need to forget a traumatic past, but it also seems to have been caused by the ongoing regeneration of a city reshaping its urban landscape. How did perceptions of these explosive traces evolve during the conflict? What meanings did they embody before repair operations and what values had they acquired at the end of the Lebanese war? To what extent has the ongoing process of writing the history of the war been reflected in the reconstruction of monumental heritage? While focusing on evolving perceptions of trauma in post-war reconstruction, this article examines how the history of war can evolve from a focus on evil to a cooperative negativity."
Time Travel in Heritage Reconstruction: The Case of the Kasubi Royal Tombs at Kampala, Uganda
Authors:   J.E. Nsubuga & Associates, Kampala, Uganda, Nsubuga Jonathan
Published: October 2022

This paper looks at the case of the Kasubi Royal Tombs World Heritage Site in Kampala, Uganda. The site suffered two devastating fires during the past decade, affecting its status and functioning as a living site, whose custodians and stakeholders include the spirits of the kings buried there, their ‘wives’ and spirit mediums, their peers at other similar tomb sites, and the representatives of the various clans with a ritual role in maintenance and rebuilding of the material structures. It is thus a focal point for immaterial heritage and this essay examines the role of the ancestors and their representatives in paving a path forward and formulating solutions for the living when faced with crises and disaster, at times when society has to address tangible challenges. It looks at past events, pronunciations, and pacts, whose patterning has proven critical for orienting the various interested parties towards the future, informing future generations, and building capacity. The paper looks at the various lessons this involves for specialists and professionals taking a people-centred approach to the recovery and reconstruction of severely damaged cultural heritage.
National Reconciliation as a Pre-requisite for National Heritage Conservation: The House of Wonders and Zanzibar Stone Town
Authors:   Principal Curator, Zanzibar Museums, Sheriff Abdul
Published: October 2022

Swahili society developed at the intersection of Africa and the Indian Ocean on a basis of trade, migration, intermarriage, and conquest, creating a cosmopolitan society and a rich culture and language over the course of two millennia. Zanzibar and its Stone Town were a 19th century manifestation of this process. Zanzibar has perhaps had more than its share of history, which has burdened Zanzibar with social disharmony and political disunity that culminated in violent revolution and has left new scars of its own. Among those scars are the neglect and deterioration of Zanzibar’s shared heritage, as represented by Zanzibar’s Stone Town and the House of Wonders, an emblematic building on Zanzibar’s historic seafront that started life as an ambitious building project of the last of Zanzibar’s independent sultans and an exemplification of precolonial modernization and was then used as a centre of colonial rule. It was consequently neglected after the revolution of 1964, until change in the political environment in 1991 led to its being dedicated as part of the Zanzibar museums and placed on the World Heritage list. It suffered a first partial collapse in 2012, the damage from which was being restored when it suffered a second and even more devastating collapse in 2020. This degradation and the need to rebuild appropriately have become emblematic of the wider challenges facing Zanzibari society and the current search for solutions. This paper presents the history of the House of Wonders and some reflections on the culture that produced it and the context that has led to its current distressing condition, as well as on potential paths forward.
The Development of ICCROM Approaches in the Reconstruction of Cultural Properties during Post-conflict Recovery Processes
Authors:   ICCROM-Sharjah Regional Conservation Centre, UAE, Aslan Zaki
Published: October 2022

The aim of the ICCROM Regional Office in Sharjah has, since it opened in 2012, been to assist member states with their institutional capacity building and leadership policy needs, especially in areas affected by protracted conflict of the sort that has devastated a number of historic places in the Arab region. As a field-adjacent knowledge platform, ICCROM has focused on studying post-conflict reconstruction and recovery together with its partners and drawing on the lessons learned. Identified concerns, beyond the need for documentation and the rigorous application of conservation ethics, include (1) addressing reconstruction from a wider perspective, while using an integrated inter-sectorial approach based on a clear vision that prioritises living local communities; (2) making every effort to build local institutional and legal capacities in the broader area of risk management; (3) implementing efficient community engagement modalities; (4) raising the awareness of decision-makers and donor agencies and their understanding of the natural pace of recovery; (5) carefully planning robust public-private partnerships; and, (6) respecting cultural diversity in conflict-torn societies, with a focus on sustainable approaches to reconciliation and peacebuilding that invest in future cultural heritage custodians (young people). This paper builds on ICCROM think-tank workshops held over the past three years, which have resulted in a monograph for field-based heritage managers on publishing conference proceedings, conducting research, and examining methods in recently implemented projects.
Can Digital Heritage Technologies Support the Post-Trauma Recovery of Communities? Opportunities and Challenges
Authors:   Carleton Immersive Media Studio, Carleton University, Ottawa, Santana Quintero Mario
Published: October 2022

Information technologies and digital recording tools are increasingly being adopted by heritage professionals to compile inventories, document sites for risk preparedness, and develop conservation and management plans. The COVID-19 pandemic and its subsequent lockdowns have also contributed to a greater exploration of tools that provide remote and virtual access, giving site custodians the ability to monitor the condition of heritage places and offer immersive access to sites. Many authors have already written about technologies that can help preserve and map the impact of war and disasters. However, very little has been written about the role of technology in the post-trauma recovery of communities that have suffered extensive damage and destruction due to armed conflict and disaster. This paper proposes the development of a framework to help stakeholders assess the relevance of these tools in the essential work of recovery, based on ethical principles and the impact of adopting technologies for the protection of cultural heritage.