bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gastrointestinal parasites of indigenous pigs (Sus domesticus) in south‐central Nepal
Authors: Adhikari Roshan B. , Adhikari Dhakal Madhuri , Thapa Santosh , Ghimire Tirth R.
Published: May 2021

Background

Intestinal parasites have a significant impact on productivity of pigs. Additionally, presence of zoonotic parasites in pig faeces used as fertilizer and ingestion of raw or undercooked pork products originated from parasite‐infested pigs pose a risk to human health.

Objectives

The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence and diversity of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites in indigenous pigs (Sus domesticus) maintained under traditional rearing system in Nepal.

Methods

Fresh faecal samples (n = 100) were collected from the pigs of varying age and sex maintained in 18 small‐scale farms in south‐central Nepal. Samples were processed using various standard methods and examined for parasite eggs, cysts or oocysts.

Results

Prevalence of GI parasites in indigenous pigs was 91%, comprising of 14 different genera of protozoans and helminths. Male pigs generally had a higher (97.5%) prevalence of GI parasites than females (87%). While 90% of the suckling and weaner piglets were positive for the GI parasites, all growers and 85% the adult pigs were infected with the parasites. Entamoeba spp. were the primary protozoans in all age groups. Strongyloides sp. was more prevalent helminths in suckling and weaner piglets, whereas Ascarid spp. were higher in both growers and adults. Triplet infection was higher (33.3%) in suckling and weaner piglets, while quadruplet and pentuplet infections were higher (p < .05) among growers (46.7%) and adults (30%), respectively.

Conclusions

The indigenous pigs harbour a higher prevalence and greater diversity of GI parasites. GI parasitism varies by sex and age of the pigs.
Foreign body reaction to ruptured follicular cysts in dogs
Authors: Kim Ha‐Jung , Cho Kyoung‐Oh , Baek Yeong‐Bin
Published: May 2021

Background

Cutaneous cysts are common in dogs, and surgical resection is the recommended treatment. However, additional therapy may be required for ruptured follicular cysts with severe cutaneous complications.

Case presentation

A 3‐year‐old neutered male Samoyed was presented with multifocal masses on the forelimbs. A 5‐year‐old neutered female Maltese was also presented with multiple masses and ruptured lesions, which were ulcerative and painful, around the parotid and submandibular glands. The lesions were examined cytologically. In addition, bacterial and fungal cultures and histopathologic examination were performed. Cutaneous multifocal nodules in the Samoyed could not be diagnosed via cytological examination or bacterial/fungal culture. Histopathology revealed numerous follicular cysts with multiple pyogranulomas of various sizes, some of which contained central keratin debris. In the Maltese, cytologic examination revealed central keratins or enucleated ghost cells in the intact cysts and few keratinized squamous cells mixed with neutrophils, mucus and metachromatic cells in the ruptured cysts. Histopathologic examination revealed severely dilated follicular cysts. Oral steroid and cyclosporine therapy resulted in marked improvement in the aseptic pyogranulomas after 2 weeks in formal case and combined with a surgery for residual cysts in latter case.

Conclusions

We have reported two canine cases of ruptured follicular cysts causing foreign body‐like aseptic pyogranulomas around cutaneous tissues and their successful management with pharmacological therapy and surgery.
Diagnostic imaging and pathological findings of an abdominal mesenteric granular cell tumour in a dog
Authors: Ororbia Alejandro , Sanz Alba , Novellas Rosa , Pastor Josep , Pumarola Marti , Fresno Laura , Espada Yvonne
Published: May 2021

A 12‐year‐old mixed‐breed dog was presented for a follow‐up examination after ablation of an auricular mast cell tumour. An abdominal ultrasound and computed tomography were performed and an irregular, ill‐defined and partially mineralised lesion was observed around the caudal duodenal flexure without evidence of metastasis. The cytologic examination was highly suggestive of a granular cell tumour. Partial surgical ablation with histological and immunohistochemical examination of the lesion confirmed the diagnosis. According to our review of the literature, this is the first report documenting an abdominal granular cell tumour in a dog.
Characterizing laboratory‐scale clinoptilolite bio‐columns for removal and nitrification of ammoniacal nitrogen in simulated stormwater
Authors: Khorsha Golnaz , Kjellerup Birthe V. , Davis Allen P.
Published: May 2021

Due to the diverse speciation and biochemical characteristics of nitrogen in urban runoff, excess nitrogen continues to be a major source of eutrophication in receiving waters. The performance of a nitrifying‐sorptive Clinoptilolite (ZT) was examined for use in a media‐based stormwater control measure (SCM) for ammonium removal. Results suggested that columns operated under continuous feed showed more nitrification as the media approached ammonium exhaustion. Influent concentrations of 2.5 and 5 mg NH4+‐N/L tested under continuous flow regimes both showed steady‐state operation after media exhaustion, with the average effluent [NO3—N] of 1.2 and 1.7 mg/L, respectively. The performance of the media under intermittent flow regime showed lower effluent ammonium, nitrification between simulated saturated periods, and could treat an additional 70 bed volumes of simulated runoff when compared to a column receiving identical continuous feed. However, nitrification was not sufficient to prevent desorption of ammonium during drops in influent NH4+‐N concentrations. Use of Clinoptilolite for ammonium sorption/nitrification is a systematic approach for capture and transformation of incoming/mineralized ammonium to nitrate prior to reaching an anoxic/denitrifying zone within SCMs.

Practitioner Points

Clinoptilolite can accumulate stormwater ammonium, allowing it to be nitrified.

Ammonium nitrification will regenerate exchange sites on the clinoptilolite.

Intermittent flow conditions allowed more nitrification between stormwater events.
Plantwise: A Knowledge and Intelligence Tool for Food Security through Crop Protection
Authors: Beverley Claire , Thakur Manju
Published: May 2021

Food security continues to be significantly impacted by a growing world population, changing climate, increasing food prices and environmental burden. One of the key challenges in reducing crop losses due to pests and diseases is timely delivery of appropriate, actionable extension advice to farmers. Information and communication technology (ICT) has the potential to improve services that connect smallholder farmers to new resources and information, helping to build their knowledge and ultimately improve their livelihoods. Such ICT-driven services have seen rapid growth over the past few years, and CABI has been harnessing this technology in several programmes. This chapter provides insight into digital interventions of the global, CABI-led programme, Plantwise, which aims to assist stakeholders in developing countries to improve their plant health systems by strengthening linkages among all actors involved, so that they can prevent and manage pest outbreaks more effectively. An overview of digital interventions piloted and tested under the umbrella of the Plantwise programme is illustrated with selected case studies. Interventions include pest diagnosis and management advice delivered via a website, plant health data collection, using a customized mobile application, and educational simulation games for ongoing support.
Maps of Mineral Deposits Distribution by Provinces in China
Authors: Qi Fanyu , Li Xiaolei , Shang Yuntao , Meng Jie , Gao Xuezheng , Kong Zhaoyu , Li Haixin , Yan Haifei
Published: May 2021

XXXX
Phase transition gravitational waves from pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone dark matter and two Higgs doublets
Authors: Zhang Zhao , Cai Chengfeng , Jiang Xue-Min , Tang Yi-Lei , Yu Zhao-Huan , Zhang Hong-Hao
Published: May 2021

Abstract

We investigate the potential stochastic gravitational waves from first-order electroweak phase transitions in a model with pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone dark matter and two Higgs doublets. The dark matter candidate can naturally evade direct detection bounds, and can achieve the observed relic abundance via the thermal mechanism. Three scalar fields in the model obtain vacuum expectation values, related to phase transitions at the early Universe. We search for the parameter points that can cause first-order phase transitions, taking into account the existed experimental constraints. The resulting gravitational wave spectra are further evaluated. Some parameter points are found to induce strong gravitational wave signals, which have the opportunity to be detected in future space-based interferometer experiments LISA, Taiji, and TianQin.
Properties of RG interfaces for 2D boundary flows
Authors: Konechny Anatoly
Published: May 2021

Abstract

We consider RG interfaces for boundary RG flows in two-dimensional QFTs. Such interfaces are particular boundary condition changing operators linking the UV and IR conformal boundary conditions. We refer to them as RG operators. In this paper we study their general properties putting forward a number of conjectures. We conjecture that an RG operator is always a conformal primary such that the OPE of this operator with its conjugate must contain the perturbing UV operator when taken in one order and the leading irrelevant operator (when it exists) along which the flow enters the IR fixed point, when taken in the other order. We support our conjectures by perturbative calculations for flows between nearby fixed points, by a non-perturbative variational method inspired by the variational method proposed by J. Cardy for massive RG flows, and by numerical results obtained using boundary TCSA. The variational method has a merit of its own as it can be used as a first approximation in charting the global structure of the space of boundary RG flows. We also discuss the role of the RG operators in the transport of states and local operators. Some of our considerations can be generalised to two-dimensional bulk flows, clarifying some conceptual issues related to the RG interface put forward by D. Gaiotto for bulk 𝜙1,3 flows.
Probing the ∆U = 0 rule in three body charm decays
Authors: Dery Avital , Grossman Yuval , Schacht Stefan , Soffer Abner
Published: May 2021

Abstract

CP violation in charm decay was observed in the decays D0→ P±P∓ of a D0 meson to two pseudoscalars. When interpreted within the SM, the results imply that the ratio of the relevant rescattering amplitudes has a magnitude and phase that are both of O(1). We discuss ways to probe similar ratios in D0→ V±P∓ decays, where V is a vector that decays to two pseudoscalars, from the Dalitz-plot analysis of time-integrated three-body decays. Compared to two-body decays, three-body decays have the advantage that the complete system can be solved without the need for time-dependent CP violation measurements or use of correlated $$ {D}^0-{\overline{D}}^0 $$

D
0

−

D
¯

0

production. We discuss the decays D0→ π+π−π0 and D0→ K+K−π0 as examples by considering a toy model of only two overlapping charged resonances, treating the underlying pseudo two-body decays in full generality.
Triple Higgs boson production at the Large Hadron Collider with Two Real Singlet scalars
Authors: Papaefstathiou Andreas , Robens Tania , Tetlalmatzi-Xolocotzi Gilberto
Published: May 2021

Abstract

We investigate the production of three Higgs bosons in the Two Real Singlet extension of the Standard Model, where the scalar sector is augmented by two additional real scalar fields which are singlets under the Standard Model gauge group. The model contains three neutral CP-even scalars, allowing for resonant production and asymmetric decay chains. We focus on the signature pp → h3→ h1h2→ h1h1h1, where we identify h3 as the heaviest scalar state, h2 as the second heaviest and the lightest, h1, as the Standard Model-like Higgs boson discovered by the Large Hadron Collider experiments. The dominant final state occurs when all three Higgs bosons decay to bottom-anti-bottom quark pairs, h1→$$ b\overline{b} $$
b

b
¯

, leading to 6 b-jets. Taking into account all current theoretical and experimental constraints, we determine the discovery prospects for this channel in future runs of the Large Hadron Collider, as well as in the high-luminosity phase.
Two-point correlator of chiral primary operators with a Wilson line defect in $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 SYM
Authors: Barrat Julien , Liendo Pedro , Plefka Jan
Published: May 2021

Abstract

We study the two-point function of the stress-tensor multiplet of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM in the presence of a line defect. To be more precise, we focus on the single-trace operator of conformal dimension two that sits in the 20′ irrep of the $$ \mathfrak{so} $$
so
(6)R R-symmetry, and add a Maldacena-Wilson line to the configuration which makes the two-point function non-trivial. We use a combination of perturbation theory and defect CFT techniques to obtain results up to next-to-leading order in the coupling constant. Being a defect CFT correlator, there exist two (super)conformal block expansions which capture defect and bulk data respectively. We present a closed-form formula for the defect CFT data, which allows to write an efficient Taylor series for the correlator in the limit when one of the operators is close to the line. The bulk channel is technically harder and closed-form formulae are particularly challenging to obtain, nevertheless we use our analysis to check against well-known data of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM. In particular, we recover the correct anomalous dimensions of a famous tower of twist-two operators (which includes the Konishi multiplet), and successfully compare the one-point function of the stress-tensor multiplet with results obtained using matrix-model techniques.
The role of the threshold variable in soft-gluon resummation of the $$ t\overline{t}h $$ production process
Authors: van Beekveld Melissa , Beenakker Wim
Published: May 2021

Abstract

We study the role of the scale of the threshold variable in soft-gluon threshold resummation. We focus on the computation of the resummed total cross section, the final-state invariant-mass distribution, and transverse-momentum distribution of the Higgs boson when produced in association with a top-anti-top quark pair for the Large Hadron Collider operating at 13 TeV. We show that different choices for the scale of the threshold variable result in differences at next-to-leading power, i.e. contributions that are down by one power of the threshold variable. These contributions are noticeable numerically, although their effect on the resummed observables lies within the scale uncertainty of those observables. The average central results, obtained after combining several central- scale choices, agree remarkably well for different choices of the threshold variable. However, different threshold choices do affect the resulting scale uncertainty. To compute our results, we introduce a novel numerical method that we call the deformation method, which aids the stabilization of the inverse Mellin transform in cases where the analytical Mellin transform of the partonic cross section is unknown. We show that this method leads to a factor of 10 less function evaluations, while gaining a factor of 4 − 5 in numerical precision when compared to the standard method.
U(1) symmetry resolved entanglement in free 1+1 dimensional field theories via form factor bootstrap
Authors: Horváth Dávid X. , Capizzi Luca , Calabrese Pasquale
Published: May 2021

Abstract

We generalise the form factor bootstrap approach to integrable field theories with U(1) symmetry to derive matrix elements of composite branch-point twist fields associated with symmetry resolved entanglement entropies. The bootstrap equations are solved for the free massive Dirac and complex boson theories, which are the simplest theories with U(1) symmetry. We present the exact and complete solution for the bootstrap, including vacuum expectation values and form factors involving any type and arbitrarily number of particles. The non-trivial solutions are carefully cross-checked by performing various limits and by the application of the ∆-theorem. An alternative and compact determination of the novel form factors is also presented. Based on the form factors of the U(1) composite branch-point twist fields, we re-derive earlier results showing entanglement equipartition for an interval in the ground state of the two models.
Chiral correlators in $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 superconformal quivers
Authors: Galvagno Francesco , Preti Michelangelo
Published: May 2021

Abstract

We consider a family of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 superconformal field theories in four dimensions, defined as ℤq orbifolds of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 Super Yang-Mills theory. We compute the chiral/anti-chiral correlation functions at a perturbative level, using both the matrix model approach arising from supersymmetric localisation on the four-sphere and explicit field theory calculations on the flat space using the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 superspace formalism. We implement a highly efficient algorithm to produce a large number of results for finite values of N , exploiting the symmetries of the quiver to reduce the complexity of the mixing between the operators. Finally the interplay with the field theory calculations allows to isolate special observables which deviate from $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 only at high orders in perturbation theory.
On the Domains of Bessel Operators
Authors: Dereziński Jan , Georgescu Vladimir
Published: May 2021

We consider the Schrödinger operator on the halfline with the potential$$(m^2-\frac{1}{4})\frac{1}{x^2}$$(m2-14)1x2, often called the Bessel operator. We assume thatmis complex. We study the domains of various closed homogeneous realizations of the Bessel operator. In particular, we prove that the domain of its minimal realization for$$|\mathrm{Re}(m)|<1$$|Re(m)|<1and of its unique closed realization for$$\mathrm{Re}(m)>1$$Re(m)>1coincide with the minimal second-order Sobolev space. On the other hand, if$$\mathrm{Re}(m)=1$$Re(m)=1the minimal second-order Sobolev space is a subspace of infinite codimension of the domain of the unique closed Bessel operator. The properties of Bessel operators are compared with the properties of the corresponding bilinear forms.
Ill-posedness of the Maxwell–Dirac system below charge in space dimension three and lower
Authors: Selberg Sigmund , Tesfahun Achenef
Published: May 2021

The Maxwell–Dirac system describes the interaction of an electron with its self-induced electromagnetic field. In space dimension $$d=3$$

d
=
3

the system is charge-critical, that is, $$L^2$$

L
2

-critical for the spinor with respect to scaling, and local well-posedness is known almost down to the critical regularity. In the charge-subcritical dimensions $$d=1,2$$

d
=
1
,
2

, global well-posedness is known in the charge class. Here we prove that these results are sharp (or almost sharp, if $$d=3$$

d
=
3

), by demonstrating ill-posedness below the charge regularity. In fact, for $$d \le 3$$

d
≤
3

we exhibit a spinor datum belonging to $$H^s(\mathbb {R}^d)$$

H
s

(

R

d

)

for $$s<0$$

s
<
0

, and to $$L^p(\mathbb {R}^d)$$

L
p

(

R

d

)

for $$1 \le p < 2$$

1
≤
p
<
2

, but not to $$L^2(\mathbb {R}^d)$$

L
2

(

R

d

)

, which does not admit any local solution that can be approximated by smooth solutions in a reasonable sense.
Veränderungen des Rauschtrinkens bei Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen in Deutschland in Abhängigkeit von Bildungsniveau und Migrationshintergrund
Authors: Orth Boris , Merkel Christina
Published: May 2021

Hintergrund

Studien zeigen, dass die Verbreitung des Rauschtrinkens unter jungen Menschen in Deutschland insgesamt rückläufig ist. Diese Veränderung wird in der Regel in Abhängigkeit von Alter und Geschlecht näher untersucht. Dieser Beitrag vertieft diese Analysen und untersucht, ob sich der Rückgang des Rauschtrinkens junger Menschen in Abhängigkeit von Bildungsniveau und Migrationshintergrund unterscheidet.

Methoden

Auf Grundlage von Repräsentativbefragungen der Bundeszentrale für gesundheitliche Aufklärung (BZgA) wurden für den Zeitraum 2008 bis 2019 für männliche und weibliche 12- bis 17-jährige Jugendliche und 18- bis 25-jährige junge Erwachsene die 30-Tage-Prävalenzen des Rauschtrinkens ermittelt. Mit logistischen Regressionsanalysen wurden Trendverläufe für den Zeitraum 2008 bis 2019 geschätzt. Dies erfolgte auch in Abhängigkeit von Bildungsniveau und Migrationshintergrund.

Ergebnisse

In einen Alkoholrausch trinken sich, über alle Befragungen gesehen, mehr junge Erwachsene als Jugendliche, mehr männliche als weibliche junge Menschen und mehr junge Menschen ohne einen Migrationshintergrund. Im Zeitraum 2008 bis 2019 ging die 30-Tage-Prävalenz des Rauschtrinkens bei Jugendlichen (männlich: von 23,0 % auf 16,4 %; weiblich: von 17,7 % auf 10,7 %) sowie jungen Männern (von 53,0 % auf 43,9 %) insgesamt gesehen zurück, bei jungen Frauen veränderte sie sich statistisch nicht signifikant (2008: 28,1 %; 2019: 24,5 %). Die Trendanalysen in Abhängigkeit von Bildungsniveau und Migrationshintergrund zeigen, dass zumindest bei jungen Frauen ohne (Fach‑)Abitur ein Rückgang des Rauschtrinkens erfolgt.

Diskussion

Der Rückgang des Rauschtrinkens kann sich in Abhängigkeit von sozialen Merkmalen unterscheiden. Solche Unterschiede sollten in der Prävention des Rauschtrinkens berücksichtigt werden. Insbesondere junge Frauen mit höherem Bildungsniveau müssen mit Präventionsangeboten erreicht werden.
Kommunale Alkoholprävention in Deutschland: Strukturen, Strategien und Herausforderungen
Authors: Praßer Thomas , Hallmann Hans-Jürgen , Goecke Michaela
Published: May 2021

Die kommunale Alkoholprävention ist ein wichtiges und vielschichtiges Arbeitsfeld der Suchtprävention. Eingebettet in das Subsidiaritätsprinzip wird sie durch verschiedene Vorgaben und Rahmenbedingungen geprägt: etwa durch die Verabschiedung des Präventionsgesetzes (PrävG) 2015 und die Etablierung der Nationalen Strategie zur Drogen- und Suchtpolitik 2012 durch den Bund. Die detaillierte Gestaltung alkoholpräventiven Handelns obliegt allerdings Ländern und Kommunen und ist häufig an Rahmenbedingungen und Herausforderungen vor Ort geknüpft.

In diesem Beitrag werden die unterschiedlichen Strategien und Organisationsstrukturen kommunaler Alkoholprävention einführend dargestellt und diskutiert. Probleme, mit denen Kommunen bei der Umsetzung alkoholpräventiver Interventionen konfrontiert sind, werden ebenso betrachtet, wie die Möglichkeiten und Bedingungen, die Gemeinden für die Etablierung einer qualitätsgesicherten Alkoholpolitik in den Blick nehmen müssen. Außerdem werden vielversprechende Ansätze aus lokal agierenden Modellprojekten dargestellt.

Einigkeit in Politik, Forschung und Praxis besteht darin, dass Alkoholprävention am besten kommunal betrieben wird und dass die Bedeutung der Kommunen bei der Umsetzung alkoholpräventiver Interventionen zugenommen hat. Daraus ergibt sich die Notwendigkeit einer konsequenten Stärkung dieses Handlungsfelds. Diese kann durch eine verbesserte Qualifizierung von Fachkräften und einen stetigen Wissenschaft-Praxis-Transfer aktueller Forschungsergebnisse und Best Practice realisiert werden. Des Weiteren sollten Praktikerinnen und Praktiker Beratung und Unterstützung (etwa bei der Identifizierung individueller Bedarfe) durch koordinierende Stellen erhalten. Lokale Initiativen sollten einen besseren Zugang zu wirksamkeitsgeprüften Interventionen erhalten und deren nachhaltige Verankerung und Evaluation im kommunalen Setting sind anzustreben.
Funktionelles Outcome nach konservativer im Vergleich zu operativer Therapie von 111 Mittelfußfrakturen
Authors: Pflüger Patrick , Zyskowski Michael , Völk Christopher , Kirchhoff Chlodwig , Biberthaler Peter , Crönlein Moritz
Published: May 2021

Hintergrund

Mittelfußfrakturen gehören zu einer der häufigsten Verletzungen des Fußes und treten v. a. bei Patienten zwischen dem 40. und 50. Lebensjahr auf. Insbesondere die Verletzung mehrerer Mittelfußknochen kann zu bleibenden Einschränkungen führen, und daher war das Ziel dieser Studie, das funktionelle Outcome von Mittelfußfrakturen mittels eines validierten selbstberichteten patientenbasierten Ergebnisfragebogens zu untersuchen.

Material und Methoden

Im Zeitraum von 2003 bis 2015 wurden alle Patienten mit einer Mittelfußfraktur mit konservativer sowie operativer Behandlung in diese retrospektive Kohortenstudie eingeschlossen. Es wurden demografische Daten, Art der Fraktur (AO-Klassifikation), Behandlung, Reoperationsrate sowie das funktionelle Ergebnis mittels Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS) erfasst. Der Mann-Whitney-U-Test und Exakte Fisher-Test wurden bei der statistischen Analyse eingesetzt.

Ergebnisse

Insgesamt wurden in diese Studie 111 Patienten mit 81 isolierten und 30 multiplen Mittelfußfrakturen eingeschlossen. Das Durchschnittsalter der Patienten war 45 ± 15,2 Jahre mit insgesamt 48 Männern (43 %) und 63 Frauen (57 %). Patienten mit isolierter Mittelfußfraktur hatten einen FAOS von 88 ± 17,1. Die Patienten mit multiplen Mittelfußfrakturen erzielten einen FAOS von 78 ± 17,7 (p = 0,046). In der Gruppe der isolierten Mittelfußfrakturen wurden 43 Patienten (53 %) operativ behandelt. Hiervon zeigten 36 Patienten eine C‑Fraktur (84 %). In der Gruppe der multiplen Mittelfußfrakturen wurden 16 Patienten (53 %) operativ behandelt.

Diskussion

Das funktionelle Outcome nach isolierten Mittelfußfrakturen ist sowohl nach operativer als auch konservativer Therapie gut bis sehr gut. Einfache Frakturen lassen sich erfolgreich konservativ und komplexe, mehrfragmentäre Frakturen operativ behandeln. Bei Frakturen von mehr als einem Mittelfußknochen ist das Ergebnis signifikant schlechter, und es bleiben vom Patienten berichtete Einschränkungen zurück.
Die transossäre Rekonstruktion der Trizepssehnenruptur
Authors: Hawi Nael , Razaeian Sam , Krettek Christian
Published: May 2021

Operationsziel

Transossäre Rekonstruktion der Trizepssehne.

Indikation

Sämtliche Trizepssehnenrupturen, die eine spannungsfreie Rekonstruktion erlauben.

Kontraindikation

Retrahierte Trizepssehnenrupturen, die nach Mobilisation keine spannungsfreie Rekonstruktion erlauben.

Operationstechnik

Durch 2 sich kreuzende transossäre Kanäle erfolgt das Durchfädeln eines nichtresorbierbaren Fadens. Direkt im Footprint erfolgt zudem das Setzen eines Fadenankers. Durch den primären Faden erfolgt nach transossärem Shutteln am Footprint beginnend das Durchflechten der Sehne in Krackow-Nahttechnik und, erneut am Footprint angekommen, das erneute transossäre Shutteln sowie das körperferne Verknoten. Mit dem ersten Fadenpaar des Ankers erfolgen in ähnlicher Weise das Armieren der Sehne und anschließend das intratendinöse Verknoten. Durch ein Verknoten des zweiten Fadenpaares des Ankers auf den primären körperfernen Knoten kann der Anpressdruck auf das Avulsionsfragment erhöht werden. Alternativ kann mit den Fäden des Fadenankers eine Mason-Allen Naht-durchgeführt werden.

Weiterbehandlung

Die ersten 6 Wochen erfolgt die Nachbehandlung in einer „ROM brace“ mit einem stufenweisen Freigeben der Flexion. Nach 6 Wochen freie Flexion. Beginn mit Kräftigungsübungen nach 12 Wochen.

Ergebnisse

Autoren beschreiben gute Ergebnisse nach operativer Versorgung von Trizepssehnenrupturen. Im vorliegenden Fall wird 6 Monate postoperativ, ungeachtet von einem in der Literatur beschriebenen möglichen Extensionsdefizit, ein exzellentes Outcome mit freiem Bewegungsausmaß erreicht.
qTGW12a, a naturally varying QTL, regulates grain weight in rice
Authors: Du Zhixuan , Huang Zhou , Li Jianbin , Bao Jianzhong , Tu Hang , Zeng Chuihai , Wu Zheng , Fu Haihui , Xu Jie , Zhou Dahu , Zhu Changlan , Fu Junru , He Haohua
Published: May 2021

Key message

A stable QTL associated with rice grain type with a large effect value was found in multiple environments, and its candidate genes were verified by genetic transformation.

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) grain size is critical to both yield and appearance quality. Therefore, the discovery and identification of rice grain size genes can provide pathways for the cultivation of high-yielding varieties. In the present work, 45,607 SNP markers were used to construct a high-density genetic map of rice recombinant inbred lines, and hence a total of 14 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were detected based on the phenotypic data of grain weight, grain length and grain width under four different environments. qTGW12a and qGL12 are newly detected QTLs related to grain weight, and are located between 22.43 Mb and 22.45 Mb on chromosome 12. Gene annotation shows that the QTL region contains the LOC_Os12g36660 annotated gene, which encodes the multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) transporter. Mutations in exons and the splice site were responsible for the changes in grain type and weight. Gene knockout experiments were used to verify these results. Hence, these results provide a basis for the cloning of qTGW12a. This discovery provides new insights for studying the genetic mechanism of rice grain morphology, and reveals a promising gene to ultimately increase rice yield.
HLA class I genes modulate disease risk and age at onset together with DR-DQ in Chinese patients with insulin-requiring type 1 diabetes
Authors: Jiang Ziyu , Ren Wenqian , Liang Hua , Yan Jinhua , Yang Daizhi , Luo Sihui , Zheng Xueying , Lin Guo-Wang , Xian Yingxin , Xu Wen , Yao Bin , Noble Janelle A. , Bei Jin-Xin , Groop Leif , Weng Jianping
Published: May 2021

Aims/hypothesis

The study aimed to investigate the effects of HLA class I genes on susceptibility to type 1 diabetes with different onset ages, in addition to the well-established effects of HLA class II genes.

Methods

A total of 361 patients with type 1 diabetes (192 patients with onset <18 years and 169 patients with onset ≥18 years) and 500 healthy control participants from China were enrolled and genotyped for the HLA-A, -B, -C, -DQA1, -DQB1 and -DRB1 genes using next-generation sequencing.

Results

The susceptible DR3 (β = −0.09, p = 0.0009) and DR4-DQ8 (β = −0.13, p = 0.0059) haplotypes were negatively associated with onset age, while the protective DR11 (β = 0.21, p = 0.0314) and DR12 (β = 0.27, p < 0.0001) haplotypes were positively associated with onset age. After adjustment for linkage disequilibrium with DR-DQ haplotypes, A*11:01:01 was positively associated with onset age (β = 0.06, p = 0.0370), while the susceptible C*15:02:01 was negatively associated with onset age (β = −0.21, p = 0.0050). The unit for β was double square-root (fourth root) transformed years of change in onset age associated with per copy of the HLA haplotype/allele. In addition, B*46:01:01 was protective (OR 0.41, 0.46; pc [corrected for multiple comparisons] = 0.0044, 0.0040), whereas A*24:02:01 (OR 2.71, 2.25; pc = 0.0003, 0.0002) and B*54:01:01 (OR 3.96, 3.79; pc = 0.0018, 0.0004) were predisposing in both the <18 group and the ≥18 group compared with healthy control participants. In the context of DR4-DQ4, A*11:01:01 (61.29% vs 28.26%, pc = 0.0144) was increased while the predisposing A*24:02:01 (19.35% vs 47.83%, pc = 0.0403) was decreased in patients with onset ≥18 years when compared with patients with onset <18 years.

Conclusions/interpretation

In addition to DR-DQ haplotypes, novel HLA class I alleles were detected to play a role in susceptibility to type 1 diabetes with different onset ages, which could improve the understanding of disease heterogeneity and has implications for the design of future studies.

Graphical abstract
Feasibility of short imaging protocols for [18F]PI-2620 tau-PET in progressive supranuclear palsy
Authors: Song Mengmeng , Scheifele Maximilian , Barthel Henryk , van Eimeren Thilo , Beyer Leonie , Marek Ken , Eckenweber Florian , Palleis Carla , Kaiser Lena , Finze Anika , Kern Maike , Nitschmann Alexander , Biechele Gloria , Katzdobler Sabrina , Bischof Gèrard , Hammes Jochen , Jessen Frank , Saur Dorothee , Schroeter Matthias L. , Rumpf Jost-Julian , Rullmann Michael , Schildan Andreas , Patt Marianne , Neumaier Bernd , Stephens Andrew W. , Rauchmann Boris-Stephan , Perneczky Robert , Levin Johannes , Classen Joseph , Höglinger Günter U. , Bartenstein Peter , Boening Guido , Ziegler Sibylle , Villemagne Victor , Drzezga Alexander , Seibyl John , Sabri Osama , Brendel Matthias ,   for the German Imaging Initiative for Tauopathies (GII4T)
Published: May 2021

Purpose

Dynamic 60-min positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with the novel tau radiotracer [18F]PI-2620 facilitated accurate discrimination between patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and healthy controls (HCs). This study investigated if truncated acquisition and static time windows can be used for [18F]PI-2620 tau-PET imaging of PSP.

Methods

Thirty-seven patients with PSP Richardson syndrome (PSP-RS) were evaluated together with ten HCs. [18F]PI-2620 PET was performed by a dynamic 60-min scan. Distribution volume ratios (DVRs) were calculated using full and truncated scan durations (0–60, 0–50, 0–40, 0–30, and 0–20 min p.i.). Standardized uptake value ratios (SUVrs) were obtained 20–40, 30–50, and 40–60 min p.i.. All DVR and SUVr data were compared with regard to their potential to discriminate patients with PSP-RS from HCs in predefined subcortical and cortical target regions (effect size, area under the curve (AUC), multi-region classifier).

Results

0–50 and 0–40 DVR showed equivalent effect sizes as 0–60 DVR (averaged Cohen’s d: 1.22 and 1.16 vs. 1.26), whereas the performance dropped for 0–30 or 0–20 DVR. The 20–40 SUVr indicated the best performance of all static acquisition windows (averaged Cohen’s d: 0.99). The globus pallidus internus discriminated patients with PSP-RS and HCs at a similarly high level for 0–60 DVR (AUC: 0.96), 0–40 DVR (AUC: 0.96), and 20–40 SUVr (AUC: 0.94). The multi-region classifier sensitivity of these time windows was consistently 86%.

Conclusion

Truncated and static imaging windows can be used for [18F]PI-2620 PET imaging of PSP. 0–40 min dynamic scanning offers the best balance between accuracy and economic scanning.
Surgical airway procedures in emergency surgical patients: Results of what has become a back‐up procedure
Authors: Willinge Gijs J. A. , Hietbrink Falco , Leenen Luke P. H.
Published: May 2021

Background

Cricothyroidotomy and surgical tracheostomy are methods to secure airway patency. In emergency surgery, these methods are nowadays mostly reserved for patients unsuited for percutaneous procedures. Detailed description of complications and functional outcomes following both procedures is underreported in current literature. The aim of this study was to evaluate outcomes following cricothyroidotomy and tracheostomy in this presumed complex population.

Methods

In this retrospective cohort study, adult emergency surgical patients treated with cricothyroidotomy and/or surgical tracheostomy were included. Postoperative complications and functional outcomes in trauma and non‐trauma patients were evaluated.

Results

Forty‐one trauma patients and 11 non‐trauma emergency surgical patients (mainly after elective onco‐abdominal or vascular surgery) were included. Of 52 patients, seven underwent cricothyroidotomy pre‐tracheostomy. Mortality was higher in non‐trauma patients (p = 0.04) following both procedures. Over half of patients (56%, n = 29) regained unsupported airway patency with a tendency toward increased tracheostomy removal in trauma patients. Among complications, only pneumonia occurred frequently (60%, n = 31), with no relation to patient type. Other complications included local infection (5.8%, n = 4) and wound dehiscence (1.9%, n = 1). Adverse functional outcomes were frequently observed and were mild and self‐limiting. Cervical spinal cord injury reduced overall unsupported airway patency (p = 0.01); with high cervical spinal cord injury related to adverse functional outcomes and increased home ventilation need.

Conclusions

No major procedure‐related complications or functional adverse events were encountered following cricothyroidotomy and surgical tracheostomy, even though only complex patients were included. Only mild, self‐limiting functional problems occurred, especially in trauma patients with cervical injury who underwent early tracheostomy by longitudinal incision. This information can aid clinicians in making tailor‐made decisions for individual patients.
Phytochrome Mediated Responses in Agrobacterium fabrum: Growth, Motility and Plant Infection
Authors: Xue Peng , Bai Yingnan , Rottwinkel Gregor , Averbukh Elizaveta , Ma Yuanyuan , Roeder Thomas , Scheerer Patrick , Krauß Norbert , Lamparter Tilman
Published: May 2021

The soil bacterium and plant pathogen Agrobacterium fabrum C58 has two phytochrome photoreceptors, Agp1 and Agp2. We found that plant infection and tumor induction by A. fabrum is down-regulated by light and that phytochrome knockout mutants of A. fabrum have diminished infection rates. The regulation pattern of infection matches with that of bacterial conjugation reported earlier, suggesting similar regulatory mechanisms. In the regulation of conjugation and plant infection, phytochromes are active in darkness. This is a major difference to plant phytochromes, which are typically active after irradiation. We also found that propagation and motility were affected in agp1− and agp2− knockout mutants, although propagation was not always affected by light. The regulatory patterns can partially but not completely be explained by modulated histidine kinase activities of Agp1 and Agp2. In a mass spectrometry-based proteomic study, 24 proteins were different between light and dark grown A. fabrum, whereas 382 proteins differed between wild type and phytochrome knockout mutants, pointing again to light independent roles of Agp1 and Agp2.
Prognostic significance of the get with the guidelines-heart failure (GWTG-HF) risk score in patients undergoing trans-catheter tricuspid valve repair (TTVR)
Authors: Kavsur Refik , Hupp-Herschel Hannah Emmi , Sugiura Atsushi , Tanaka Tetsu , Öztürk Can , Weber Marcel , Nickenig Georg , Tiyerili Vedat , Becher Marc Ulrich
Published: May 2021

The Get-With-The-Guidelines-Heart-Failure (GWTG-HF) score is a risk assessment tool to predict mortality in patients with heart-failure (HF). We aimed to evaluate the GWTG-HF score for risk stratification in HF patients with tricuspid regurgitation undergoing trans-catheter tricuspid valve repair (TTVR). In total, 181 patients who underwent TTVR via edge-to-edge repair (86%) or annuloplasty (14%) were enrolled. Patients were categorized into a low- (≤ 43 points), intermediate- (44–53 points) and high-risk score groups (≥ 54 points). TTVR led to an improvement of TR (p < 0.0001) and NYHA (p < 0.0001). Kaplan–Meier analysis and log-rank test revealed that higher GWTG-HF scores were associated with reduced rates of event-free survival regarding mortality (96% vs 89% vs 73%, respectively, p = 0.001) and hospitalization for heart failure (HHF) (89% vs 86% vs 74%, respectively, p = 0.026). After adjusting for important variables like renal function, left ventricular ejection fraction and mitral regurgitation, the GWTG-HF score remained an independent predictor of the composite endpoint of HHF or mortality (hazard ratio 1.04 per 1-point increase, p = 0.029). Other remaining predictors were renal function and mitral regurgitation. The GWTG-HF score used as a risk stratification tool of mortality and HHF maintains its prognostic value in a HF population with severe TR undergoing TTVR.
A semi-analytical approach to model drilling fluid leakage into fractured formation
Authors: Albattat Rami , Hoteit Hussein
Published: May 2021

Loss of circulation while drilling is a challenging problem that may interrupt operations and contaminate the subsurface formation. Analytical modeling of fluid flow in fractures is a tool that can be quickly deployed to assess drilling mud leakage into fractures. A new semi-analytical solution is developed to model the flow of non-Newtonian drilling fluid in fractured formation. The model is applicable for various fluid types exhibiting yield-power law (Herschel-Bulkley). We use finite-element simulations to verify our solutions. We also generate type curves and compare them to others in the literature. We then demonstrate the applicability of the proposed model for two field cases encountering lost circulations. To address the subsurface uncertainty, we combine the semi-analytical solutions with Monte Carlo and generate probabilistic predictions. The solution method can estimate the range of fracture conductivity, parametrized by the fracture hydraulic aperture, and time-dependent fluid loss rate that can predict the cumulative volume of lost fluid.
Comparison between single anterior and single posterior approaches of debridement interbody fusion and fixation for the treatment of mono-segment lumbar spine tuberculosis
Authors: Wu Hangli , Cui Yaqing , Gong Liqun , Liu Jun , Fan Yayi , Zhou Yongchun , Li Weiwei
Published: May 2021

Purpose

To compare the efficacy of single anterior and single posterior approach of debridement, interbody fusion, and fixation for the treatment of mono-segment lumbar spine tuberculosis (TB) patients.

Methods

Eighty-seven patients with mono-segment lumbar TB who underwent debridement, interbody fusion, and fixation through either single anterior (Group A) or single posterior approach (Group B) from January 2007 to January 2017 were enrolled in this study. The duration of the operation, blood loss, complication rate, visual analog scale (VAS), Oswestry disability index (ODI), Frankel scale, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), kyphosis angle, correction rate, correction loss, and time taken for bone graft fusion were compared between the groups.

Results

The average period of follow-up was 34.3 ± 9.5 months (24–56 months). No significant differences were observed between patients in Group A and patients in Group B in terms of gender, age, body mass index (BMI), duration of illness and preoperative evaluative indices (P > 0.05). The mean operation time and blood loss was significantly higher in Group A (P = 0.000), along with a slightly higher rate of complications compared with Group B (P = 0.848). The VAS, ODI and Frankel scale scores showed significant improvement in both groups (P = 0.000), along with the ESR, CRP and kyphosis indices (P = 0.000), which were similar in both groups at the final follow-up.

Conclusion

Both single anterior and single posterior approaches of debridement, interbody fusion and fixation are effective for mono-segment lumbar TB patients, although the single posterior approach is of a shorter duration and results in less blood loss.
The effect of clamped and unclamped umbilical cord samples on blood gas analysis
Authors: Colciago Elisabetta , Fumagalli Simona , Ciarmoli Elena , Antolini Laura , Nespoli Antonella , Mastrolia Salvatore Andrea , Tagliabue Paolo Emilio , Furlan Chiara , Manganini Cristina , Vergani Patrizia
Published: May 2021

Purpose

Delayed cord clamping for at least 60 s is recommended to improve neonatal outcomes. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether there are differences in cord BGA between samples collected after double clamping the cord or without clamping the cord, when blood collection occurs within 60 s from birth in both groups.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was carried out, collecting data from 6884 high-risk women who were divided into two groups based on the method of cord sampling (clamped vs unclamped).

Results

There were significant decrease in pH and BE values into unclamped group compared with the clamped group. This difference remained significant when considering pathological blood gas analysis parameters, with a higher percentage of pathological pH or BE values in the unclamped group.

Conclusion

Samples from the unclamped cord alter the acid–base parameters compared to collection from the clamped cord; however, this difference does not appear to be of clinical relevance. Findings could be due to the large sample size, which allowed to achieve a high power and to investigate very small numerical changes between groups, leading to a statistically significant difference in pH and BE between samples even when we could not appreciate any clinical relevant difference of pH or BE between groups. When blood gas analysis is indicated, the priority should be given to the timing of blood collection to allow reliable results, to assess newborns status at birth and intervene when needed.
Protective operative techniques in radical hysterectomy in early cervical carcinoma and their influence on disease-free and overall survival: a systematic review and meta-analysis of risk groups
Authors: Kampers Johanna , Gerhardt E. , Sibbertsen P. , Flock T. , Klapdor R. , Hertel H. , Jentschke M. , Hillemanns P.
Published: May 2021

Purpose

Radical hysterectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy presents the standard treatment for early cervical cancer. Recently, studies have shown a superior oncological outcome for open versus minimal invasive surgery, however, the reasons remain to be speculated. This meta-analysis evaluates the outcomes of robotic and laparoscopic hysterectomy compared to open hysterectomy. Risk groups including the use of uterine manipulators or colpotomy were created.

Methods

Ovid-Medline and Embase databases were systematically searched in June 2020. No limitation in date of publication or country was made. Subgroup analyses were performed regarding the surgical approach and the endpoints OS and DFS.

Results

30 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Five prospective, randomized-control trials were included. Patients were analyzed concerning the surgical approach [open surgery (AH), laparoscopic surgery (LH), robotic surgery (RH)]. Additionally, three subgroups were created from the LH group: the LH high-risk group (manipulator), intermediate-risk group (no manipulator, intracorporal colpotomy) and LH low-risk group (no manipulator, vaginal colpotomy). Regarding OS, the meta-analysis showed inferiority of LH in total over AH (0.97 [0.96; 0.98]). The OS was significantly higher in LH low risk (0.96 [0.94; 0.98) compared to LH intermediate risk (0.93 [0.91; 0.94]). OS rates were comparable in AH and LH Low-risk group. DFS was higher in the AH group compared to the LH group in general (0.92 [95%-CI 0.88; 0.95] vs. 0.87 [0.82; 0.91]), whereas the application of protective measures (no uterine manipulator in combination with vaginal colpotomy) was associated with increased DFS in laparoscopy (0.91 [0.91; 0.95]).

Conclusion

DFS and OS in laparoscopy appear to be depending on surgical technique. Protective operating techniques in laparoscopy result in improved minimal invasive survival.