bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AIR VELOCITY AND PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS OF PORTABLE AIR PURIFIERS USING NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS BASED ON PRODUCT COMPONENT DESIGN VARIATION
Authors: Iskandriawan Bambang , Safaat Ahmat , Tristiyono Bambang
Published: February 2025

It is of great importance to ascertain the airflow pattern around a device that functions by blowing out air, as the resulting airflow pattern will ultimately determine the device's performance. The airflow pattern surrounding an air purifier is greatly influenced by the product design of its constituent components, especially the blow air diffuser and the return air components. Given the growing and, to some extent, compulsory usage of portable air purifiers among the general public, especially among those concerned with maintaining good indoor air quality, this study aimed to identify the optimal product component design for portable air purifiers. This was achieved by considering the effects of air velocity and pressure on the performance of the air purifiers. In this study, a numerical simulation application was employed to obtain data on air velocity ​​and pressure for each product component design variation. The objective was to generate a report on air velocity and pressure for various component design variations of high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters, including variations in height and diameter, rotor blade tilt angle and width, and inlet hole casing design pattern.
Bão số 3 (Yagi) năm 2024 và các dạng phá hoại đối với công trình xây dựng tại Việt Nam
Authors: Vũ Thành Trung , Đỗ Văn Mạnh , Hồ Hữu Thắng , Tống Sỹ Biển , Phan Đăng Dũng , Nguyễn Ngọc Huy
Published: February 2025

Typhoon No. 3 (Yagi) is the strongest typhoon in the past 30 years in the East Sea and in the past 78 years in land in Vietnam, with many unprecedented characteristics, being a super typhoon with very strong intensity (wind gusts above level 17, Beaufort scale); very large destructive power; long duration of destruction on land and maintaining typhoon intensity in long time; very wide range of influence. This paper presents the overview on typhoon No. 3 (Yagi) as well as some damages and destructions of the build-ings and structures in Quang Ninh province and Hai Phong city; recommendations to minimize the dam-ages caused by typhoon to buildings and structures are also given.
Klotho-Swaying the path of inflammation and healing on Periodontium
Authors: Lakshmi Puzhankara , Madhurya N Kedlaya , Reshma Suresh , Maya R Peter , Nayak Namratha
Published: February 2025

Klotho is a protein named after the Greek goddess of fate. It has a significant role in ameliorating the diseasome of aging. Klotho influences various pathways of inflammation such as the Transforming Growth Factor, Nuclear Factor Kappa B, Wnt/β-catenin pathways, which is seen to have a beneficial effect on periodontal tissues. Modulation of the effect of klotho may be utilized to control the inflammatory pathways and inflammatory cytokines which may help reduce the deleterious effects of inflammation and aging on the periodontium. Pharmacological agents such as the statins, renin-angoitensin system inhibitors, anti-diabetic agents, rapamycin, vitamin D, and extracts from traditional medicines such as resveratrol, curcumin can upregulate the levels of klotho, thereby having a protective impact on the inflammatory process. Klotho is a protein with an anti-aging effect which can affect inflammatory pathways and reduce the deleterious effects of aging on tissues. Utilization of this protein for management of periodontal disease including periodontal tissue regeneration can facilitate the establishment of optimal oral health. This review is focused on the role of Klotho in inflammation and periodontal disease and the utilization of the knowledge in development of therapeutic strategies for the management of periodontal disease.
Bacterial Contamination and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns in Al Anbar Province Water Sources
Authors: Asmaa G. Nayyef
Published: February 2025

Bacterial pollution and antibiotic resistance pose substantial public health issues in Anbar Governorate, Iraq. Contamination of environmental water sources and the rise of multidrug-resistant bacterial phenotypes pose significant threats to public health and the effectiveness of healthcare systems. This study sought to assess bacterial contamination levels, delineate antibiotic resistance patterns, and analyze the genetic properties of the primary bacterial pathogens in the region. Approaches: Clinical and environmental specimens, including water samples, were collected from the Euphrates River, institutional water storage facilities, and healthcare institutions. Specimens received thorough microbiological analysis, encompassing bacterial culture, biochemical characterization, and molecular identification for accurate strain designation. Antimicrobial susceptibility was assessed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method, with resistance profiles analyzed in accordance with Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) criteria. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification was utilized to identify resistance determinants, specifically the blaCTX-M, blaNDM, and mexA/mexB genes. Statistical studies were performed to clarify resistance patterns and evaluate relationships among various sample sources, thoroughly defining regional bacterial resistance trends. Outcomes: Analysis indicated heightened bacterial contamination in the Euphrates River, with total coliform and fecal coliform levels surpassing acceptable limits. Water quality degradation was significant, as shown by large bacterial loads from institutional water sources. The most common isolates were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with high levels of resistance against antimicrobials, including ceftriaxone (85-90%), ciprofloxacin (55-80%), and meropenem (60-95%). Molecular characterization showed that important resistance determinants were common, with blaCTX-M being the major factor identified among K. pneumoniae isolates and mexA/mexB genes indicating multidrug resistance in P. aeruginosa. Results of statistical analyses highlighted significant correlations between levels of contamination with a range of sources and patterns of antimicrobial resistance, solidifying the increasing threats from bacterial contamination and antimicrobial resistance in the region. The results revealed that water sources in Anbar Governorate are critical bacterial contamination locations, and the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance within clinical and environmental isolates reached high levels. While our findings reveal new determinants of resistance, they highlight the need for improved infection control policies, robust antimicrobial stewardship, and coordinated water treatment strategies. Reducing resistant bacterial spread requires intervention based on bringing together public health authorities, health care providers, and environmental agencies to guarantee better water quality and health benefits population.
Mercury evidences link intensive volcanism to the Late Ordovician mass extinction and changes in the atmosphere-land-ocean system
Authors: Qiu Zhen , Kong Weiliang , Zhang Jiaqiang , Kemp David B. , Zhang Qin , Liu Wen , Grasby Stephen E. , Zou Caineng
Published: February 2025

The Late Ordovician mass extinction (LOME, ca. 445 Ma), which occurred over two extinction intervals (LOMEI-1 and LOMEI-2), was the first “Big Five” biotic crises of the Phanerozoic. The ultimate trigger of this extinction remains debated, with glacially induced global cooling and volcanism-driven warming events separately suggested as the underlying cause. Here, we report anomalously high mercury (Hg) levels in two Ordovician-Silurian successions from a shelf-to-slope transect in South China, indicating abnormally high Hg loading to the ocean. Analyses of Hg isotopes through the successions reveal near-zero Δ199Hg from the late Katian to the earliest Hirnantian (LOMEI-1), suggesting that Hg was mainly derived from large-scale volcanism. Positive shifts in Δ199Hg are observed during the Hirnantian stage, coincident with global glaciation, suggesting enhanced Hg sequestration to sediments driven by subsidence of cold and dense surface seawater. Negative shifts in Δ199Hg values across the LOMEI-2 within the Hirnantian likely suggest enhanced terrestrial Hg and sulfate fluxes to the ocean due to volcanism-induced global warming, which promoted oceanic anoxic/euxinic conditions. This study provides novel evidences linking intensive volcanism to significant changes in the atmosphere-land-ocean system across the Ordovician-Silurian transition, particularly to the euxinic ocean conditions that triggered the LOME.
Exploring the design and construction techniques of post-tensioned slabs
Authors: Sriprasong Thanadet , Wararuksajja Wongsa , Lethaisong Phakkhaphum
Published: February 2025

This research aims to: 1. Study the post-tension concrete floor type. 2. Study the case study of the building construction process using post-tension concrete floors by studying the plans and construction steps of post-tension concrete floors from studying the manuals and documents for the construction of prestressed concrete floors, applying the knowledge gained from working and learning on-site to understand the characteristics, types, and plans of prestressed concrete floors and the construction steps of prestressed concrete floors. The results of this research provide information on the plans and steps in the construction of post-tension concrete floors, construction supervision, management to meet the specified time frame, various construction problems and solutions, and the development of knowledge and skills in construction supervision for future use. In conclusion, understanding the work process, construction process control methods, and inspection of various post-tension concrete floor constructions can increase work efficiency and reduce labor costs, time, and damage costs, such as contracting parties for breaches of contract. It was found that the advantages of the post-tension floor system are more floors at the same building height and less wind load at the same number of floors because it can improve long-term performance compared to traditional reinforced concrete and beam-slab systems. In addition, factors that affect the useful labor utilization ratio consist of 4 factors: complexity of building design, work items or work steps that make work difficult; use of appropriate tools and machinery to facilitate work and reduce labor waiting time; use of various innovations or substitute materials to help reduce time in work steps; arranging a team of workers that is appropriate for the size and type of work. These factors directly affect the ratio of useful workers. Results from this research Can be used to improve construction processes and inspection, Including selecting concrete materials to increase efficiency.
Juridical-Philosophical Review of the Position of Sharia Compliance in Islamic Banking in Indonesia
Authors: Kurniawan Rahmad , Asnawi Nur , Fahmi Chairul
Published: February 2025

A juridical-philosophical analysis of the position of sharia compliance in Islamic banking in Indonesia aims to explore the understanding and legal foundation underlying the implementation of sharia principles within the Islamic banking industry. In this context, sharia compliance refers to adherence to Islamic legal principles that must be applied by Islamic banks in all aspects of their operations, including financial products and services. Islamic banking in Indonesia has a clear legal foundation, namely Law No. 21 of 2008 on Islamic Banking, which provides the legal basis for the development of Islamic banking in Indonesia. In this regard, sharia compliance becomes a crucial element to ensure that transactions and banking activities do not violate sharia principles such as the prohibition of riba (interest), gharar (uncertainty), and maysir (gambling). Philosophically, the implementation of sharia compliance in Islamic banking is not only related to legal aspects but also to moral and ethical aspects in Islam that prioritize justice, blessings, and social welfare. From this perspective, sharia compliance functions as a foundation to create an economic system that is fair, transparent, and based on adherence to religious values. However, challenges in implementing sharia compliance in Islamic banking in Indonesia still exist, particularly related to differences in interpreting the implementation of sharia principles, as well as the need to continuously align regulations and operational practices to keep pace with global economic developments. Therefore, the position of sharia compliance in Islamic banking in Indonesia is not only a legal obligation but also a commitment to integrate moral principles into the management of the financial sector, which ultimately aims to create the welfare of the community within a just economic system.
Sample Size Estimation and Power Calculations with Excel
Authors:   Centre for Applied Statistics Courses (CASC)
Published: February 2025

This one-day workshop provides a comprehensive introduction to sample size estimation and power calculations, essential for designing statistically sound research studies across various fields. Participants will gain practical skills in applying these techniques using Excel, enhancing their ability to produce credible and methodologically robust research outcomes. An official Instats certificate of completion is provided at the conclusion of the seminar. For European PhD students, the seminar offers ECTS Equivalent points.
Introduction to Qualitative Data Analysis with MAXQDA (Free Seminar)
Authors:   MAXQDA
Published: February 2025

This intensive one-hour workshop provides a comprehensive introduction to qualitative data analysis using MAXQDA, equipping participants with skills to manage, analyze, and synthesize qualitative data effectively. Attendees will learn to import, code, and interpret data through MAXQDA's versatile tools, including AI-assisted features. The workshop will showcase how to build a project from scretch, what are the fundational project elements and how to utilize them for a qualitative research process.
COMPARISON OF CRYSTALLIZED PHENOL APPLICATION AND THE KARYDAKIS FLAP TECHNIQUE IN THE TREATMENT OF SACROCOCCYGEAL LOCALIZED PILONIDAL SINUS DISEASE
Authors: Dr. Shehzad Farooq  , Dr. Muhammad Lateef  , Dr. Muhammad Sohaib  , Dr. Muhammad Hasnain Hameed  , Dr. Tuqeer Arshad  , Dr. Jabbar Hussain Bali
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND: Pilonidal Sinus Disease (PSD) is a chronic condition characterized by inflammation in the sacrococcygeal region, most commonly affecting young adults. The prevalence of PSD is estimated at about 6 cases per 100,000 individuals, with a higher incidence observed in males, who are 3 to 4 times more likely to develop the condition compared to females. This study aimed to compare the rates of wound complications between two treatments: Crystallized Phenol Application and the Karydakis Flap Technique, in the management of sacrococcygeal PSD.
METHODS: This Randomized Controlled Trail study included a total of 80 patients, randomly divided into two groups. Group A received Crystallized Phenol Application, while Group B underwent the Karydakis Flap Technique. Demographic information such as age, gender, weight, height, BMI, and duration of the disease were collected. Post-operative wound complications, including dehiscence and infection, were monitored. Statistical analysis was conducted using t-tests for continuous data and Chi-square tests for categorical variables to identify any significant differences between the two groups.
RESULTS: The analysis revealed no significant differences between the two groups regarding age (p = 0.63), gender (p = 0.42), weight (p = 0.40), height (p = 0.36), BMI (p = 0.22), or duration of the disease (p = 0.50). Wound complications were observed in 5 patients from Group A and 3 patients from Group B, with no statistically significant difference between the groups (p = 0.56).
CONCLUSION: Both the Crystallized Phenol Application and the Karydakis Flap Technique yielded comparable results in terms of wound complications and other patient-related factors. Larger studies are recommended to confirm these findings.
HELPERS ACROSS THE ETHNIC DIVIDE: THE ROLE OF KOMŠILUK IN RESCUING DURING THE BOSNIAN CONFLICT
Authors: Medić Nevena
Published: February 2025

Cilj članka je shvatiti specifičnosti spasilaca tokom rata u Bosni i Hercegovini kroz odgovor na pitanja motivacije identiteta ljudi koji su izvršili djela spašavanja. Članak ispituje u kojoj se mjeri spasioci osjećaju etnički odvojeno dok djeluju kao spasioci, a u kojoj mjeri ne. Kroz interpretativni članak ukazuje da su direktni odnosi, prošireni kontakti kroz susjedstvo (komšiluk) i socijalizacija s pripadnicima drugih nacionalnosti prije rata bili ključni faktori za pojedinca da se priključe djelima pomaganja. Ovi faktori su pomogli spasiocima da etničku identifikaciju posmatraju kao tihu kategoriju, mijenjajući etničku pripadnost u pripadnost lokalnoj zajednici. Članak nastoji preoblikovati koncept spasilaca i prilagoditi ga drugim društvenim, povijesnim i kulturnim uvjetima.
SLUČAJ RAJINA ŠUMA: KONSTRUISANI NARATIV I ISTORIOGRAFSKA REINTERPRETACIJA
Authors: Horvat Aleksandar
Published: February 2025

Cilj rada je analiza i preispitivanje karakteristika, sadržaja, strukture i transformacija narativa vezanog za navodni masovni zločin i streljanje više stotina građana Novog Sada srpske nacionalnosti u Rajinoj šumi od strane pripadnika NOP-a nakon oslobođenja grada oktobra 1944. godine. Takođe, iz priče o zločinu u Rajinoj šumi proizlazi istraživačko pitanje utvrđivanja ukupnog broja strelјanih Srba u Novom Sadu nakon 23. oktobra 1944, uz korišćenje relevantnih arhivskih izvora. Osim toga, predmet analize su i konkretni razlozi za donošenje pojedinih smrtnih presuda i eventualne odgovornosti likvidiranih osoba za počinjenje ratnih zločina ili drugih nedela za vreme okupacije Bačke i Novog Sada, kao i lokalitet Rajina šuma, poprište ratnog zločina još u aprilu 1941. godine, kada je na tom mestu mađarska okupaciona vojska bez krivice i suđenja likvidirala veći broj Novosađana.
تأثير وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي على التجارة داخل الدولة الليبية
Authors:   كلية العلوم والتقنية قمينس - ليبيا, الدرولي علاء الدين محمد سالم
Published: February 2025

The research aims to analyze the extent to which social media influences the use of electronic payments, and its role in promoting e-commerce and increasing consumer confidence in digital transactions. In the digital age, platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and TikTok have become key tools in marketing and promoting products, leading to increased reliance on electronic payment systems as a primary means of online purchasing. The research focuses on several main axes, including marketing via social media, interaction between companies and consumers, and analysis of data extracted from social media. The study relies on an analytical approach based on statistical data and recent reports on e-commerce, and includes a review of previous literature that addresses the relationship between social media and digital payments.
Keywords: Internet, e-commerce (EC), social media (SM), consumer trust.
Penerapan Asas Sidang Terbuka untuk Umum dalam Penyelesaian Perkara Perdata Melalui E-COURT
Authors: Dina Yaniar Putri  , Moh. Ali Hofi
Published: February 2025

E-Court is a court instrument in seeking legal certainty so that cases can be resolved quickly. The scope of E-court includes online case registration (e-filling), online estimation of case costs (e-skum), online payment of downpayment (e-payment), online summons of parties (e-summons) and online hearings (e-litigation) by sending court documents (Replik, Duplik, Conclusion, Answer). The focus that will be discussed in this scientific work includes first, how to read the judge’s decision via E-court. Second, how to apply the principle of hearings open to the public via E-court. To facilitate understanding in this research, researchers used a Normative Juridical research method with a Legislative approach. The data colletion technique carried out by the researcher was by identifying and analyzing statutory regulations, namely PERMA Number 1 Of 2019. The results of the research carried out by the researcher can be concluded that first, the application of the principle of open to the public hearings is appropriate and reflects the applicable statutory regulations. And will still be implemented, but with several restrictions on the number of court visitors and the distance between visitors. Second, regarding the reading of the judge’s decision via e-court, it is legally considered to have been attended by the parties and carried out in a trial open to the public. And has legal force and legal consequences.
Pengaruh Mahkamah Konstitusi terhadap Stabilitas Sistem Ketatanegaraan Indonesia
Authors: Igirisa Jeis , Usman Nurvia , Moonti Roy Marthen
Published: February 2025

The Constitutional Court (MK) has a strategic role in maintaining the stability of the Indonesian constitutional system through its main function as a guardian of the constitution. This article aims to analyze the influence of the Constitutional Court on constitutional stability, both through legal testing of the 1945 Constitution, the resolution of authority disputes between state institutions, and through supervision of the implementation of elections. Using a normative juridical approach, this article reveals that the Constitutional Court has made a significant contribution in maintaining balance between state institutions, ensuring electoral justice, and upholding the supremacy of the constitution. Nevertheless, challenges such as the independence of judges and the implementation of judgments remain issues that require attention. This article recommends strategic steps to enhance the role of the Constitutional Court in strengthening the stability of Indonesia's constitutional system.
Relavansi Partai Politik dalam Pelaksanaan Pemilu dan Pilkada dalam Konsep Demokrasi Parlementer
Authors: Mustajib Mustajib
Published: February 2025

The existence of political parties in a country that adheres to a democratic system is a necessity and the inevitability of their existence. Because with the existence of political parties, democracy will run according to the reel that it should run, starting from the freedom to gather and associate as regulated in the constitution to the implementation of general elections for President and Vice President, Legislative and regional head elections indicating that democracy in a country is at least whether or not it can be said to be going well. In Indonesia itself, the existence of political parties can be said to be multi-party because there are more than two parties, as in several other democratic countries where there are only two parties. Although in general, if we look at their ideology, political parties in Indonesia can be grouped into just two, namely parties that are religiously oriented (religious) and parties that are nationalist (state) oriented. In the research results, it is stated that multi-party parties do not always work well and are relevant, so there needs to be simplification in the future so that people are not confused by many parties.
Implikasi Sengketa Impor Daging Ayam antara Indonesia-Brazil yang diputus oleh Dispute Settelment Body (DSB) di WTO
Authors: Egi Fauzan Fikri
Published: February 2025

The World Trade Organization, hereinafter referred to as the WTO, is an international organization part of the Economic and Social Council as an important component in international trade. In carrying out international trade activities, a legal instrument is needed to ensure the sustainability of trade and facilitate the resolution of disputes that will be experienced by the international community. The trade dispute between Indonesia and Brazil was caused by Indonesia's policy of stopping chicken meat imports from Brazil since 2009, causing Brazil to suffer huge losses because it could not export chicken meat to Indonesia. From the chicken meat import policy in Indonesia, Brazil demanded that Indonesia had carried out trade protection which violated various WTO rules. Indonesia's defeat in the DSB-WTO Panel was due to the many Indonesian policies that violated the WTO agreement and the inability of Indonesian representative diplomacy to resolve the dispute.
Amine-functionalization of silica using supercritical CO2
Authors: Gallo Marta , Ronchetti Silvia , Manna Luigi , Banchero Mauro , Onida Barbara
Published: February 2025

Capture and storage of CO2 is a topic of great scientific and public interest. At present, the most diffused process for CO2 capture is wet scrubbing, where CO2 is absorbed by liquid amines. However, this system is highly energy-demanding due to the solvent regeneration step; moreover, liquid amines can quickly corrode the employed equipment. As an alternative, solid adsorbents present appealing properties, since they are easier to regenerate and manipulate. In this perspective, the functionalization of mesoporous silica (which offers the advantage of a high specific surface area) with different amines has been explored by using a green solvent, supercritical CO2 (scCO2), in place of the conventional organic ones. Therefore, two amines were loaded on a SBA-15 silica through scCO2 impregnation: the most-commonly-used (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) and the higher-molecular-weight, 1,6-diaminohexane (DH). The resulting materials were physico-chemically characterized and their capacity of capturing CO2 was evaluated through volumetric tests (CO2 adsorption isotherms at 25 °C) while Fourier Infrared Spectroscopy was employed to characterize in-situ the surface species formed by CO2 adsorption at room temperature. Results show that the amines were successfully loaded on the silica support. Even when these molecules are not anchored through covalent bonds to the surface (as in the case of DH), they are, nevertheless, stable at temperatures compatible with those of the thermal regeneration of the support (120 °C). Interestingly, the so-obtained adsorbents result to be particularly effective in capturing CO2 at low partial pressure.
Determination of Polyethoxylated (POE) Compounds and Cationic Surfactants in Mixture Respecting Principles of Green Analytical Chemistry
Authors: Madunic-Cacic Dubravka , Anicic Maja
Published: February 2025

Polyethoxylate nonionic surfactants (POE-NS) and polyethylene glycols (PEG) are neutral molecules that do not dissociate in water and from the analytical point of view not easy to determine. They are often present in detergent formulations that also contain cationic surfactants. The goal of this research is the development of analytical methods that will enable their quick and simple determination and at the same time in harmony with the principles of green analytical chemistry (GAC). For this purpose, we investigated potentiometric titrations, instrumental methods fast and simple to perform, in which sodium tetraphenylborate was used as a titrant, and a homemade cationic surfactant selective electrode (HTA-TPB sensor) as an indicator. The experimental part was performed in 3 phases: on two-component model mixtures (1), on laboratory samples of known composition (2), and on commercial products from the market (3). Two series of two-component samples containing cationic surfactants (BAC and DDAC) and fatty alcohol polyethoxylated (POE-NS) with 7 EO groups (often present in cleaning and disinfecting agents) and another containing cationic surfactants of the esterquat type and PEG 400 as a POE compound (common in softener formulations) were analyzed. The results obtained in the developed procedure agree with the expected results and can be applied in practice.
In Vitro Evaluation of Adjuvant Therapy With Hyperthermia Induced by Irradiation (Nir) of AuNPs and Icg in Tumor Cells
Authors: Pineda-Medina Alfredo
Published: February 2025

Hyperthermia (HT) is a novel alternative to cancer treatment based on the increase of temperature between 40-43°C inducing selective death in tumor cells, facing cancer treatment limitations such as drug resistance. HT employs nanomaterials such as gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with the capacity to absorb light at a wavelength of 600-800nm by near-infrared region (NIR) producing heat, allowing efficient penetration of light into the tumor without damaging near tissue and improving cellular absorption. This work aimed to evaluate the effect on cell viability of HT combined with 5-FU on SW620-GFP colon cancer cells (CRC) and liposome-encapsulated indocyanine green (ICG) on glioblastoma U-87 cells (GBM). Cellular cytotoxicity was evaluated using the MTT assay. An IC50 of 5-FU at 76μM was obtained from the treatment of SW620-GFP cells administered together with a 1:10 dilution of AuNPs, reaching a cytotoxicity of 65%; treatment of U-87 cells by the liposome conjugate (L) together with ICG and AuNPs were applied at a 2:1 dilution, reaching a cytotoxicity of 97%. Both treatments irradiated at two watts of power for ten minutes induced a temperature of 43°C. Treatments without irradiation showed a cytotoxicity level of 59% in SW620-GFP cells whereas U-87 cells reached 49% of cytotoxicity. Results showed that HT irradiated with NIR light enhanced with AuNPs increases cell toxicity in CRC and GBM cells, improving the use of individual therapies. Likewise, the L-ICG-AuNPs + NIR method decreased cell viability the most, compared to chemo-photothermal treatment. The synergistic effect of in vivo tumor models remains to be demonstrated.
Chitosan Functionalized Intranasal Nanoemulsions of Iloperidone for Improved Brain Delivery–Development, in Vitro and in Vivo Studies
Authors: Sawant Niserga , Desai Namita , Tatke Pratima , Joshi Dr. Shashikant
Published: February 2025

This research work focuses on development of Iloperidone nanoemulsions; functionalized with chitosan for intranasal delivery for improving brain targeting efficiency. Iloperidone nanoemulsions were optimized by response surface methodology using DESIGN EXPERT software version 13. Iloperidone nasal nanoemulsions were prepared using spontaneous emulsification and ultrasonication method. These nanoemulsions could be surface functionalized with 0.4% w/v of chitosan. Iloperidone nasal nanoemulsions showed negative zeta potential (-22.5+0.1 mV) while chitosan functionalized Iloperidone nasal nanoemulsions presented positive zeta potential (+25.5+0.4 mV) confirming coating of nanoemulsion droplets by chitosan. The in vitro release of Iloperidone using dialysis membrane (molecular weight cut off 14kD) in 100 ml, Simulated Nasal Fluid, pH 6.4, 32+2°C, 75 rpm from the nasal nanoemulsions and chitosan functionalized nasal nanoemulsions was 90.41±2.34% and 72.02± 0.53 % respectively at the end of 8 hours. The ex vivo permeation of Iloperidone using excised sheep nasal mucosa in 12 ml, Simulated Nasal Fluid, pH 6.4, 32+2°C, 50 rpm from nasal nanoemulsions and chitosan functionalized nasal nanoemulsions was 70.84±0.21% and 47.25+0.12% respectively at the end of 8 hours. Results of in vivo pharmacodynamic studies performed on male Wistar rats showed that chitosan functionalized nasal nanoemulsions of Iloperiodone showed improved effects in Wistar rats (Fig. 1–3). This can be contributed to the nano size and improved mucoadhesive characteristics of the developed intranasal Iloperidone formulations.

These results indicate potential of developed formulations in improving brain delivery of Iloperidone for managing schizophrenia.
Advanced and Critical Applications with Developments of Clay Species in Waste Water Treatments
Authors: Aluvihara Suresh , Kalpage C.S.
Published: February 2025

Water pollution has been identified as an impact on the environmental equilibriums including the ecosystems. The waste water treatment has become an essential part of the handling of water. According to the nature of the pollutants, the treatment method is selected such as the chemical treatment, physical treatment or biological treatment. In most of chemical treatments, some chemical agents are externally added since having some demerits for the consumers of treated water because the chemical treatment methods must be performed with well established procedures and the physical treatment methods may have higher operational cost. Therefore, the investigation and development of some cost effective earth materials for the water treatment applications is becoming a huge chapter in the modern research world. Clay is a dominant earth material that having multi-purpose characteristics as the solutions for most of science and technological issues and currently different clays are being experimented for different water treatment uses. In the existing research, there were expected to chemically characterize three selected clay types based upon the disclosing of their important behaviors. The clay samples were collected from three different regions in Sri Lanka and those clays were named as anthill clay, brick clay and roof tile clay based upon their uses. The clay samples were chemically characterized using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer and X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectrometer. As the outcomes of the research, there were found the presence of at least 75% of Fe contents in each clay, at most 6% of Ti in each clay, at most 5.30% of Ba in each clay, at most 13% of K only in both anthill and roof tile clays and only 7.5% of Ca in brick clay with respect to the X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopic results, presence of kaolinite, muscovite and quartz as the minerals in each of clay according to the available bonds with respect to the Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic results and also that mineralogy was confirmed through the X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopic results. According to the recent researches there were found kaolinite and muscovite as the strong adsorbing agents for some other metals such as heavy metals and also there were investigated the K+ and Ca2+ are strong exchangeable ions. Therefore, it is possible to recommend these clays for the experimentations and applications for the waste water treatments based upon the tasks of the removal of heavy metals, removal of some pathogens and removal of some unnecessary dissolved cations.
Ethylene Design Considerations in the Polymer Industries
Authors: Gilbuena Pierree Angeli , Gimenez Lexter , Garboso Jant Erbert
Published: February 2025

Ethylene, a widely used compound in everyday products, takes center stage in this paper. The discussion includes benefits and applications, focusing on essential design factors for polymer industries. A thorough overview of ethylene’s basics and its role in the industry while discussing its use in key applications like polymer polyethylene (PE) and ethylene dichloride (EDC), a precursor for making polyvinyl chloride (PVC). We also touch on market trends, including global production and consumption patterns. The core of the paper delves into key design considerations. This includes insights into some process engineering related activities such as line sizing, equipment sizing and design, process control, relief calculation and disposal strategies conforming to typical local regulations. Mitigation techniques against extreme conditions and the incorporation of auto-refrigeration mechanisms while maintaining a strong emphasis on safety. An example of this technique is shown using Aspen Hysys calculation based on a sample project. The paper concludes with pragmatic recommendations that aim to enhance the practical implementation of good engineering practice in polymer industries. By offering a bridge between theoretical understanding and practical application, this study aims to contribute to the industry’s advancement while prioritizing safety.
Nanotech application for vector control
Authors: Bhatt Dr.Latika , D Kale Dr. Ravindra
Published: February 2025

A significant fraction of the global infectious disease burden is due to the vector-borne infectious diseases like malaria, dengue, yellow fever and chikungunya. Almost half of the world’s population is infected with at least one type of vector-borne disease. We tried to develop a natural, low cost, safe and effective nano formulation using essential oils. . An experimental study of oil in water nanoemulsion preparation, process optimization and stability based on the required size distribution was performed with surfactant oil ratio (SOR), stirring time and speed as the variables for nanoemulsion preparation. The storage stability of the nanoemulsion was also studied in terms of particle size, pH, viscosity and zeta potential at room temperature and refrigeration temperature for a period of 6 months. The nanoemulsion was tested for its larvicidal activity against both susceptible and resistant strain of mosquito larvae’s and their antibacterial activity was also tested.

Keywords: Nanao, nanoemaulsion, vector control, essential oil
Investigating Impact of Current Pulse Waveform and Simulation Frequency on Deep Brain Stimulation
Authors: Salkım Enver
Published: February 2025

Bio-computational models have a significant impact on the design and development of medical devices. This approach allows investigation of various medical device parameter settings which would be infeasible to design by using the experimental test. Using the optimal parameters for these neuromodulator systems is crucial for the patient safety. Computational modelling is a fundamental tool in the challenge to improve targeting and stimulation parameters in deep brain stimulation (DBS). Specifically, it may be difficult to design an optimal neuromodulator for Parkinson's disease fusing DBS due to variations in many parameters including simulation waveform shape, pulse width, and amplitude as well as passive factors. This study investigates the impact of using different waveforms based on different pulse widths using such advanced bio-computational modelling systems. The volume conductor of a human head was generated based on average human head thickness including fundamental tissue layers. Then, the DBS electrode array was designed and merged with the computational model to analyse the results using different frequency ranges. Also, the fundamentals of the computational model developments were highlighted for the computational model designers. Then, the results were calculated based on electrical and current density distributions using time-based simulation. It was shown that the simulation frequency and simulation waveform shape have a significant impact on the outcome. The results suggested that the capacitive effect cannot be ignored at the higher frequency levels due to having a significant impact on the electrical potential, current density, and electric field distributions in the region of interest.
Short-Term Wind Speed Forecasting With Deep Learning
Authors: Karaaslan Fatih , Alçin Zeynep Mine , Aslan Muzaffer
Published: February 2025

Wind speed forecasting is crucial for planning and investing in renewable wind energy. In addition, Wind speed forecasting is essential for planning renewable wind energy, optimizing wind power production, and enhancing transmission line capacities. However, intermittent and stochastic fluctuations of wind speed pose a significant problem for high quality wind speed forecasting. In this study, a deep learning-based approach is proposed for wind power plant planning and feasibility studies that can provide wind speed prediction more easily. In this approach, firstly, wind speed time data were converted into color images using continuous wavelet transform. The obtained images were applied to the pre-trained AlexNet CNN model and wind speed prediction was performed. In the study, hourly speed data from the Elazig meteorology regional directorate between 2018-2019 were used. In the experimental studies, three different horizon forecasts were made: 1-hour, 2-hour and 3-hour. Metrics like correlation coefficient (R), mean absolute error (MAE), and root means square error (RMSE) were utilized to assess the proposed forecasting models performance. In the experimental studies, the whole dataset images were randomly divided into three parts as training, validation and test at the rates of 70%, 10% and 20% respectively for transfer learning. In the 1-hour horizon forecast, the best wind speed prediction was achieved with experimental results of 0.0335, 0.0275 and 0.9517 for RMSE, MAE and R metrics, respectively. In this respect, the proposed AlexNet model shows that it is an effective model in wind speed forecast since the 1-hour horizon forecast is more reliable and accurate.
Comprehensive assessment of lower limb coordination during the heel strike phase in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Minino Roberta , Limone Pierpaolo , Cassese Francesco Peluso , Maisuradze Mariam , Tafuri Francesco , Latino Francesca , Lopez Emahnuel Troisi
Published: February 2025

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is character rised by numerous motor symptoms, including impaired coordination of the lower limbs, which reduces stability. The heel strike phase is crucial in gait, as it follows the single step phase and precedes the transfer of weight between limbs, requiring precise control to maintain balance. Impaired coordination during this phase can therefore compromise gait and stability. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate physiological coordination patterns of the lower limbs during the heel strike phase and identify potential alterations in patients with PD. Twenty-three patients with PD and 23 healthy controls participated in this study. Gait of each participant was recorded with a stereophotogrammetric system with 55 reflective markers and data were trimmed to ±15 milliseconds and analysed to assess joint coordination of ankles, knees and hips. Lower limb joint coordination was assessed through pairwise correlations of their acceleration time series. The results showed that PD patients exhibited reduced coordination during the left heel strike, involving all three joints of the left lower limb and ankle and hip of the right lower limb. However, increased coordination between knees was observed, possibly indicating compensatory mechanisms. Furthermore, the difference in coordination between each PD patient and the average coordination of the healthy control group significantly correlated with both disease duration and UPDRS-III scores, highlighting the association between coordination impairments, PD severity, and disease progression. In conclusion, individuals with PD show significant alterations in lower limb coordination during the heel strike phase. These alterations are associated with disease severity and progression, emphasising the need for targeted interventions to address gait dysfunction in PD.
Evaluation of sports fitness and biomechanics health monitoring for the integration of blockchain and internet of things
Authors: Hou Wenzhi , Wang Pingyang
Published: February 2025

As the economy grows and living standards improve, there is an increasing awareness of the importance of health. Traditional sports monitoring tools often fall short in terms of functionality, accuracy, and efficiency, especially when it comes to biomechanical analysis. This study investigates the integration of blockchain and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies in health monitoring within the biomechanics field, involving 300 students, 100 teachers, and 300 other participants. The participants were divided into an experimental group that utilized blockchain-IoT monitoring and a control group that relied on traditional methods. By employing the Byzantine consensus mechanism, data were analyzed in terms of processing efficiency, accuracy, effectiveness, and achievement of biomechanical fitness standards. The results indicated that the experimental group achieved higher rates of meeting weight standards (with an average of 82%) compared to the control group (76%). These findings underscore the potential of blockchain-IoT integration in enhancing the accuracy and effectiveness of biomechanical monitoring. This technology can promote a deeper understanding of biomechanical principles and improve nationwide fitness and exercise engagement by providing more reliable and precise data on physical performance and movement patterns.
Exploration on the innovation path of physical education teaching: The strategy of integrating personalized training and biosensor technology from the perspective of biomechanics
Authors: Li Fangshu
Published: February 2025

Background: PE is crucial for developing lifelong fitness habits among students. Traditional methods lack personalization and real-time feedback, limiting effectiveness. Biosensor technology, which can monitor various biomechanical parameters, offers a revolutionary approach to transform PE. It enables the provision of personalized training regimens based on each student's unique biomechanical characteristics, such as muscle force exertion patterns, joint kinematics, and body movement biomechanics. Purpose: The research aims to enhance and assess a new model of PE teaching that integrates personalized training with biosensor technology with a specific focus on how it impacts and interacts with the biomechanical and physiological aspects of students' physical performance. Methods: Data collection involves capturing HR, movement patterns, key biomechanical data and exertion levels during physical activities. The collected data are preprocessed using data cleaning and normalization techniques, ensuring the accuracy and reliability of this analysis. Feature extraction uses FFT to analyze the frequency domain characteristics of the physiological signals. The study proposes an ITSO-GRNN strategy aimed at developing PE teaching and personalized training. Results: The application of individual training together with biosensor technology contributes significantly and positively in terms of students’ performance and involvement, resulting in better physical results and good evaluations. The ISTO-GRNN model outperforms all existing methods in terms of physical training (97.80%), assessing students' biomechanical and physiological states (99.62%), and efficiency of the PE teaching process (98.74%). In terms of performance metrics, it performs effectively with accuracy (98.70%), precision (96.50%), recall (90.42%), and F1-score (92.50%) showing teaching effectiveness and evaluation that are highly superior to those of the former models. Conclusion: The study highlights the potential for such innovations to not only improve physical outcomes but also promote lifelong fitness habits among students.
Research on biomechanics-based design of home-based intelligent elderly care robot
Authors: Gao Yaqi , Pei Xiaopeng , Cheng Minghui
Published: February 2025

Based on the theoretical knowledge of biomechanics, this paper parameterizes the biological structure of the human body and constructs a human biomechanical model in three dimensions: horizontal dimension, vertical dimension, and torsion dimension, and analyzes in detail the relationship between the stresses in the process of intelligent assistance for nursing robots. Based on the human biomechanical model, the overall design scheme of the home-based intelligent elderly care robot is determined, and corresponding software and hardware are used to realize the design of the home-based intelligent elderly care robot. Select experimental tools and test environments to verify and analyze the biomechanics-based elderly care robot. The error between the theoretical value (software simulation results) and the actual value (equipment test results) of the force of the intelligent assistive process of the nursing robot is kept below 5%. The correct rate of urinary and fecal flushing detection of the home smart elderly care robot is more than 0.95, and the response speed of the control system is controlled within 5 s, while the Central Processing Unit (CPU) occupancy rate is not more than 30.00%, which indicates that the home smart elderly care robot can be effectively used in the elderly care work. The combination of biometrics and information technology is a prominent contribution of this article.