bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kierkegaard’s Three Spheres and Cinematic Fairy Tale Pedagogy inFrozen,Moana, andTangled
Authors: Holdier A. G.
Published: July 2021

Although Disney films are sometimes denigrated as popular or “low” art forms, this article argues that they often engage deeply with, and thereby communicate, significant moral truths. The capitalistic enterprise of contemporary modern cinema demands that cinematic moral pedagogy be sublimated into non-partisan forms, often by substituting secular proxies for otherwise divine or spiritual components. By adapting Søren Kierkegaard’s tripartite existential anthropology of the self, I analyze the subjective experiences of the protagonists in three recent animated fairy tales—Disney’s Frozen, Moana, and Tangled—to demonstrate how these princess movies bridge the imaginative gap between the mundane and the divine.
The Role of Parents in Children Memorizing the Qur'an in Middle School Based on the Amanatul Ummah Islamic Boarding School
Authors: Hasanah Mizanul
Published: July 2021

This article originated from the author's curiosity about the close inner relationship between parents and children who memorize the Qur'an. For the author of the Qur'an, it is Allah's revelation that was sent down directly to Rasulullah Muhammad SAW through the angel Gabriel. For this reason, the holy book of the Qur'an, which is very sacred and is the word of Allah, cannot be memorized if the individual does not appreciate, understand the signs, and glorify Allah before reading and memorizing it. One of them is filial piety to parents and do good to them. The author conducted direct research on the right target, namely the children who memorized the Quran in SMP-based Pesantren Amanatul Ummah Pacet. The aim of the author to conduct research at this location is that the children in the institution focus on producing Al-Quran memorizers. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative research. Sources of data used are primary and secondary data sources and use data collection techniques in the form of interviews, observation, and documentation.
Pondok, Tsangaya, and Old Age Spiritual Wellbeing
Authors: Yakubu Abubakar
Published: July 2021

A Comparative analysis of practices obtained between the Pondok and Tsangaya with regard to traditional Islamic education and spirituality in Malaysia and Nigeria, indicates that, despite areas of similarity in origin and evolution, there exist a unique area of sharp contrast in relation to later life spirituality and elder care. The article maintains that, despite the two systems sharing wider similarities of originating from the traditional system of Arabic and Islamic education, the Pondok provides a complete platform for the spiritual life cycle, with opportunities for devotion from childhood to death. The Tsangaya on the other hand, covers childhood to early adulthood, thus, presenting a halfway approach to the spiritual life cycle. Recommendations were based on the need for the Tsangaya to model along aspects of the Pondok in a manner that will enable the incorporation of later life spiritual needs of the elderly. The purpose of this article is to carry out a comparative analysis of these two systems of traditional Islamic education , in relation to eldercare and spiritual wellbeing.  The relevance of this paper lies in the fact that population aging is currently receiving attention as global crises, and issues of elderly wellbeing in all aspects are being explored towards addressing the needs of the elderly.
The Role Of The Religious Laboratory In Improving Students 'Understanding Of Fiqh Lessons
Authors: Hidayah Siti Na’ilul , Az-zafi Ashif
Published: July 2021

This study aims to determine and describe the role of religious laboratory media in improving students' understanding of the Fiqh subject. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach and uses the method of interviewing, observing, and documenting. Meanwhile, the subjects of this study were teachers, students, and all parties involved with the religious laboratory of MA Tarbiyatul Banin Winong Pati. From this research, it can be concluded that the use of religious laboratory media can improve students' understanding of the subject of Fiqh. By using this security laboratory, media allows students to understand directly the material explained and allows more effective learning.
Relationship between Sagittal Alignment and Anterior Bony Resorption of Cervical Vertebral Body in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: Kim Ki-Tack , Ha Kee-Yong , Kim Yong-Chan , Lee Keun-Ho , Kim Sang-Il , Kim Young-Hoon , Kim Sung-Min
Published: July 2021

Study Design: This is a retrospective comparative cohort study.Purpose: To investigate the prevalence of anterior resorption of the cervical spine in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and its relationship with sagittal alignment.Overview of Literature: This study believes that no published reports exist regarding the relationship between anterior resorption and spinopelvic alignment.Methods: This retrospective study included 238 patients with AS who underwent surgical correction for thoracolumbar kyphosis. Of these, 80 patients with complete subaxial ankylosis were selected and divided into two groups: groups 1 (consisting of 28 patients with anterior bony resorption) and 2 (consisting of 52 patients without anterior resorption). Cervical sagittal parameters were analyzed and compared between the two groups.Results: The average lateral diameter measured in patients with C5 anterior resorption was 84.2%±7.8% (62.4%–96.8%). Cervical lordosis was 8.7°±13.4° and 10.9°±11.5° in groups 1 and 2 (p=0.556), respectively. No significant differences were noted between the two groups on spinopelvic alignment in the T1 slope (52.2°±11.1° and 53.3°±9.9° in groups 1 and 2, respectively; p=0.742), C2–C7 sagittal vertical axis (SVA; 6.2±1.7 cm and 6.2±1.8 cm in groups 1 and 2, respectively; p=0.978), C7 SVA (14.3±4.9 cm and 14.6±6.2 cm in groups 1 and 2, respectively; p=0.823), or T1 pelvic angle (27.1°±8.9° and 31.6°±11.2° in groups 1 and 2, respectively; p=0.382). Correlation analyses were significant between the extent of anterior resorption and sagittal parameters, C2–C7 lordosis (R2=−0.428, p=0.021), and T1–T4 kyphosis (R2=−0.375, p=0.045).Conclusions: Anterior bony resorption could develop by stress concentration. However, the development was not related to the sagittal alignment. The particular segments involved in developing anterior resorption varied, possibly because of their dependence on the preceding pattern of ankylosis.
Association between Pelvic Parameters and Vaginal Delivery
Authors: Yamada Tomohiro , Yamato Yu , Hasegawa Tomohiko , Yoshida Go , Yasuda Tatsuya , Banno Tomohiro , Arima Hideyuki , Oe Shin , Mihara Yuki , Ushirozako Hiroki , Ide Koichiro , Watanabe Yuh , Hosino Hironobu , Matsuyama Yukihiro
Published: July 2021

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.Purpose: To investigate the association between vaginal delivery and pelvic parameters and clarify the effect of parity on parameter fluctuations.Overview of Literature: During vaginal delivery, the sacroiliac joint widens and the sacrum nutates (nods). However, the association between these pelvic parameters and parity is unknown.Methods: As part of a 2016 health screening, 320 female volunteers underwent whole-spine radiographs. Age-matched healthy women were grouped according to the number of vaginal deliveries (0, 1–2, or ≥3). Demographic variables and spinopelvic parameters were compared among the three groups.Results: Of the 320 volunteers, 213 were enrolled (mean age, 71.1±7.2 years). The mean number of vaginal deliveries was 2.2. The average pelvic incidence (PI) was 55.6°±11.1° and was significantly higher in the 90 women with three or more vaginal deliveries than in the other two groups (p<0.001). The average sacral slope was 33.4°±11.1° and was significantly higher in the women with three or more vaginal deliveries than in the 18 who did not deliver vaginally (p<0.001). The 105 women with one or two vaginal deliveries had significantly higher PIs and sacral slopes than did those who did not deliver vaginally (p<0.001).Conclusions: This is the first study documenting an association between vaginal delivery and pelvic parameters. Bony birth canal realignment during vaginal delivery can affect postnatal PI. Our study helps in understanding the PI changes over a woman’s life span.
Predictive Factors for Outcomes of Overcorrection Nighttime Bracing in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Moradi Vahideh , Babaee Taher , Shariat Ardalan , Khosravi Mobina , Saeedi Marjan , Parent-Nichols Jennifer , Cleland Joshua Alan
Published: July 2021

Predictive clinical and radiological factors can potentially identify adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) most likely to benefit from overcorrection nighttime bracing. These factors can provide helpful information in clinical decision making. However, the relationship between these factors and outcomes of overcorrection nighttime bracing is unclear. This systematic review determined the predictive factors for identifying outcomes of overcorrection nighttime bracing in AIS. A systematic search was conducted on PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, and Embase from January 1986 to January 2021. Studies on AIS patients, aged 10–18 years, with a Risser sign of 0–2 and an initial Cobb angle of 20°–45°, who were treated with overcorrection nighttime bracing and for whom at least one predictive factor of treatment outcome (failure and/or success) was assessed were included. Two blinded reviewers independently evaluated the studies using a quality assessment tool. To determine predictive factors, the level of evidence was rated through best-evidence synthesis. A total of nine studies met the inclusion criteria. A Providence brace was used in six of the included studies, while a Charleston bending brace was used in three. Findings from two high-quality studies provided strong evidence of the association between curve flexibility and brace treatment success. In terms of the Risser sign, this evidence was obtained from three high-quality studies. Moderate evidence indicated a positive association between premenarchal status and nighttime bracing failure. Inconclusive evidence indicated that poor brace compliance is associated with treatment failure. Conflicting evidence of treatment failure was indicated for initial curve magnitude, curve type, in-brace correction, age, Risser sign, curve apex, and sex. These findings show that greater curve flexibility and a higher Risser sign are associated with overcorrection nighttime bracing success.
Uterine Myxoid Leiomyosarcoma with Stromal Chondroid Metaplasia: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Sari Aslani Fatemeh , Taheri Negar , Najib Fatemehsadat , Akbarzadeh-Jahromi Mojgan
Published: July 2021

Background: Uterine leiomyosarcoma is a rare gynecological disease. Myxoid leiomyosarcoma (mLMS) is an aggressive and very uncommon type of leiomyosarcoma, with few cases reported in English literature. Stromal metaplasia is rare in leiomyosarcoma. Here we present huge uterine myxoid leiomyosarcoma with stromal chondroid metaplasia. Case Report: A 48–year–old single woman with lower abdominal pain and increased abdominal circumference. The detected mass on imaging was diagnosed as uterine mLMS with stromal chondroid metaplasia in the histopathological examination after surgery. Conclusion: Myxoid leiomyosarcoma should be considered in uterine mass with extensive myxoid change, infiltrative border, low mitotic count, and mild atypia. Stromal chondroid metaplasia can be seen in the myxoid leiomyosarcoma. [GMJ.2021;10:e1817]
Prevalence of Levodopa-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease and Vitamin B12 Deficiency
Authors: Yazdchi Marandi Mohammad , Ayromlou Hormoz , Najmi Safa , Sadat-Ebrahimi Seyyed-Reza , Pezeshki Zakaria , Asadi Rogayye
Published: July 2021

Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the widespread neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, a few studies have suggested that treatment with levodopa and vitamin B12 deficiency may have some role in developing peripheral neuropathy (PN) among PD patients. Hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate PN in patients suffering from PD under long-term treatment with levodopa and also vitamin B12 deficiency in these patients. Materials and Methods: Thirty PD patients who received levodopa for at least two years, 30 levodopa-naïve PD patients, and 30 age-matched controls individuals were included. The participants were subjected to electrodiagnostic tests and the level of vitamin B12 was measured. The prevalence of neuropathy was determined according to electrodiagnostic criteria and compared among the three groups. Results: Overall, 23.3% of cases in levodopa receivers, 3.3% in the levodopa-naïve group, and 3.3% in control group had PN (odds ratio=8.8, 95% confidence interval=1.7-45.6). Levodopa group had significantly lower serum vitamin B12 than the other two groups (P=0.006). Vitamin B12 insufficiency was detected in 36.6% of patients in the levodopa group, which was significantly higher than other groups (23.3% in the levodopa-naïve and 6.6% in the control groups, P=0.02). A significantly negative correlation was noticed between the duration of levodopa exposure and serum level of vitamin B12 (r=-0.31, P=0.016). Conclusion: Our study demonstrated a significantly higher prevalence of vitamin B12 insufficiency and PN in PD patients under treatment with levodopa. Also, our results advocate the role of levodopa in PN development through the vitamin B12 derangement. [GMJ.2021;10:e1837]
Assessment of Kinesio Taping Versus Phonophoresis for the Treatment of Painful Hallux Valgus: A Pilot Study
Authors: Taheri Parisa , Maghroori Razieh , Heidari Aidin
Published: July 2021

Background: Hallux valgus (HV) is a deformity that affects the quality of life and function in a negative manner causing disturbed balance and walking and even alters the foot kinematics. Conservative treatments are the choice for mild to moderate HV, but the question about the best method has not been responded yet. In the current study, it is aimed to assess and compare the efficacy of kinesiotaping (KT) versus phonophoresis (PH) for the treatment of painful HV. Materials and Methods: This randomized clinical trial has been conducted on a total number of 37 toes (37 toes of a total number of 24 patients) randomly divided into two subgroups of either KT or PH with 1% hydrocortisone among which the total numbers of 31 toes from 20 patients fulfilled the study protocol. The variables including pain (using VAS score), function (using Manchester-Oxford Foot questionnaire)(MOXFD), hallux valgus angle (HVA), and intermetatarsal angle (IMA) were assessed and compared between two groups before and after two months following the interventions. Results: The pain score decreased significantly within the time in both groups (P-value<0.001), while the comparison of KT with PH revealed insignificant difference (P-value=0.08). MOXFD assessments showed significantly improved status within two months for both interventions (P-value<0.001) with no remarkable difference between the groups (P-value=0.55). The IMA and HVA altered following both of the techniques. KT was superior to PH for the correction of HVA, but not for IMA (P-value>0.05). Conclusion: We found both of the KT and PH techniques could successfully rehabilitate the patients’ pain and improve function, however the KT was slightly better than PH due to HVA reduction. [GMJ.2021;10:e1888]
Role of Zinc in Improvement, Prevention, and Treatment of the Noncommunicable Oral Diseases: Review of Literature
Authors: Agha-Hosseini Farzaneh , Moosavi Mahdieh-Sadat , Talaei Sanam
Published: July 2021

Zinc, as the second most abundant trace element present in the living organisms after iron,
plays a key role in the structural, catalytic, and signaling felds. Beyond the numerous systemic symptoms of zinc defciency, it may also contribute to diﬀerent processes of oral diseases.
The articles were collected from three search engines including PUBMED, GOOGLE SCHOLAR, and SCOPUS. The search keywords are as follows: Zinc, trace elements, zinc defciency,
oral diseases, oral lesions, recurrent aphthous stomatitis, oral lichen planus, oral squamous cell
carcinoma, burning mouth syndrome, xerostomia, neuropathy. Many diverse articles including
original article, case report/case series, and review articles were collected. Several studies have
investigated the role of zinc and its defciency in the development of various types of noncommunicable oral lesions including recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), oral lichen planus (OLP),
precancerous lesions of the oral cavity (leukoplakia and submucosal fbrosis), oral cancer, xerostomia and burning mouth syndrome, periodontal disease, and Caries. Therefore, the present
research was conducted to review the previous studies performed in this feld.
[GMJ.2021;10:e2071]
Phonophoresis Plus Topical Nitroglycerin Versus Hydrocortisone for the Management of Plantar Fasciitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Maghroori Razieh , Fakhari Shiva , Taheri Parisa
Published: July 2021

Background: Plantar fasciitis (PF), is the most common reason for inferior heel pain. Various approaches have been raised for the treatment of PF; however, none had substantial outcomes. The current study aims to assess and compare phonophoresis outcomes plus topical nitroglycerin versus phonophoresis plus topical hydrocortisone for PF management. Materials and Methods: The current randomized clinical trial was conducted on 65 patients with PF diagnosis, who underwent ten every-other-day treatment sessions with phonophoresis plus 20mg nitroglycerin (n=33) or 20mg hydrocortisone (n=32), respectively. The Modified Roles and Maudsley (RM) score and the visual analog scale (VAS) were compared between the two groups at baseline, three weeks, and two months after the interventions. Besides, the plantar fascia thickness was measured at baseline and two months after the intervention. Results: The baseline RM (P=0.067) and pain severity (P=0.057) was similar between the two groups, but other assessments revealed the superiority of phonophoresis plus topical nitroglycerin over topical hydrocortisone (P<0.05). The reduction in plantar fascia thickness was more in phonophoresis plus nitroglycerin-treated patients as compared to the latter group (P<0.001), but the requirement of additional doses of analgesia was remarkably more in hydrocortisone-treated patients (P<0.001). Conclusion: Based on the current study, phonophoresis plus topical nitroglycerin was superior to phonophoresis plus topical hydrocortisone in pain relief, improved quality of life, and decreased fascia thickness. However, further investigations are required to achieve the ultimate outcomes for a more extended period. [GMJ.2021;10:e2072]
Association Between Permanent Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation with Microalbuminuria and C-Reactive Protein
Authors: Eskandarian Rahimeh , Niknahad Maryam , Ghorbani Raheb , Darban Mahboubeh
Published: July 2021

Background: An understanding of atrial fibrillation (AF) mechanisms, as the most common cardiac arrhythmia, is essential for primary and secondary prevention. Some studies indicated an association between microalbuminuria and C-reactive protein (CRP) protein, with the incidence and prevalence of AF. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between permanent non-valvular AF with microalbuminuria and reactive protein C. Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, 40 permanent non-valvular AF patients and 40 non-AF patients (control group) were studied. Demographic data and measurements of albumin, urine creatinine, CRP, and microalbuminuria were recorded and compared between the two groups. Results: In patients with permanent non-valvular atrial fibrillation, CRP level (P<0.001) and microalbuminuria (P=0.012) were significantly higher than the control group. Also, in patients with permanent non-valvular AF, the CRP positive (P = 0.014) and microalbuminuria (P = 0.003) were significantly higher than controls. The results showed that elevated chance of permanent non-valvular AF with abnormal CRP was 4.25 (odds ratio [OR]= 4.25, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.18-1.28; P= 0.026), and with microalbuminuria was 6.54 (OR= 6.54, 95% CI: 1.65-25.89; P=0.007). Conclusion: An elevated CRP level and microalbuminuria were significantly associated with permanent non-valvular atrial fibrillation. A longitudinal study is necessary. [GMJ.2021;10:e2106]
Curcumin: A Literature Review of Its Effects on Bone Health and Osteoporosis
Authors: Moradi Zahra , Jalalifar Tofigh , Roshanisefat Sarvenaz , Jamalnia Sheida , Reihani Elnaz , Tohidian Mostafa
Published: July 2021

Natural compounds can be used as a complementary or alternative medicine for many diseases, such as osteoporosis. Curcumin, a polyphenolic compound and the major active component of turmeric, is reported to play important roles in bone health and osteoporosis. By affecting proliferation, differentiation, lifespan, and activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, curcumin can directly modulate bone tissue hemostasis. Due to its insignificant side effects and several therapeutic properties, such as antioxidant, anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and antirheumatic, it could be a potential therapeutic agent to prevent and treat osteoporosis. This review aimed to summarize the most important findings of in vitro, animal, and human studies in an effort to clarify the possible effects of curcumin on osteoporosis and to explain the exact molecular mechanism by which curcumin exerts its action. [GMJ.2021;10:e2129]
Relationship Between the Journal Self-Citation and Author Self-Citation and the Impact Factor in Iranian, American, and European Institute for Scientific Information Indexed Medical Journals in 2014-2021
Authors: Jamalnia Sheida , Shokrpour Nasrin
Published: July 2021

Background: Author and journal self-citation contributes to the overall citation count of an article and the impact factor (IF) of the journal in which it appears. However, little is known about the extent of self-citation in the general clinical medicine literature. This study aimed to determine the effect of self-citation (journal and author) on the IF of Iranian, American, and European English medical journals. Materials and Methods: IF, IF without self-citations (corrected IF), journal self-citation rate, and author self-citation rate for medical journals were investigated from 2014–2021 by reviewing the Journal Citation Report (JCR). Twenty Iranian medical journals (published in English) in the web of science indexed were selected and compared with 20 American and 20 European medical journals. The correlation between the journal self-citation and author self-citation with IF was obtained. We used Spearman’s correlation coefficient for the correlation of self-citation and IF. Results: The overall journal citations were higher in the American and European journals compared to the Iranian ones between 2014 and 2021. There was a significant relationship between journal self-citation rates and IF (P<0.001). The findings demonstrated that the rate of author self-citation was higher in the European and American journals compared to the Iranian ones. Findings also showed a significant difference between the author's self-citation and IF in Iranian, American, and European medical journals that published in English (P<0.001). Conclusions: The self-citation rate positively affects the IF in medical journals. A high concentration of self-citation of some journals could distort the ranking among medical surgery journals in general.

[GMJ.2021;10:e2156]
Writing Process Photo Essay
Authors: Ching Kory
Published: July 2021

This article describes and reflects on experiences teaching students to compose a “Writing Process Photo Essay” in the context of an upper-division college writing course that satisfies a campus-wide writing requirement. As the culmination of a quarter-long student inquiry into their own writing processes, this multimodal assignment asks students to combine text and images to help them reflect on the environments, tools, habits and routines that surround their writing activity. This assignment takes its inspiration from calls for renewed scholarly attention to material and embodied aspects of writing process. In the end, this assignment creates opportunities for students to recognize, reflect, and reimagine their own writing activity in school contexts and beyond.
Imaging Diagnosis of Lateral Meningocele Syndrome
Authors: Raichandani S. , Van Tassel D. , Wong K.
Published: July 2021

Lateral meningocele syndrome, also known as Lehman syndrome, is an exceptionally uncommon genetic disorder, which is characterized by specific facial features and multisystem involvement, including skeletal, cardiac, and urogenital anomalies, akin to other connective tissue disorders,
but it is set apart by the unique occurrence of multiple lateral meningoceles. Knowledge of the distinctive imaging features can strongly suggest the diagnosis in patients with complex clinical presentations to assist in the guidance of appropriate and timely clinical management.
Masses, Malignancy, and Mimics: CT and MR Imaging of the Sinonasal Cavity
Authors: Funk E.K. , Dorros S.M. , Deconde A.S. , McDonald M.A.
Published: July 2021

Although sinonasal malignancies are relatively rare entities, the frequency of sinus imaging ensures that most radiologists will encounter an unsuspected sinonasal neoplasm at some point in their career. Given that the initial clinical presentations are often nonspecific and may mimic
inflammatory rhinosinusitis, it is essential that the practicing radiologist becomes familiar with the specific CT and MR imaging findings that should raise suspicion for an underlying neoplasm. In the course of this review, we highlight the imaging features of a spectrum of sinonasal neoplasms,
both benign and malignant, with emphasis on the distinct and complementary roles of CT and MR imaging in the differentiation from common inflammatory disease. We also highlight key anatomic relationships crucial to identifying routes of disease spread with an eye toward disease staging and
surgical management.Learning Objectives: To familiarize the practicing radiologist with the key imaging features that should raise suspicion for an underlying sinonasal malignancy and to understand the complementary roles of CT and MR imaging in evaluating routes of locoregional
and perineural disease spread.
Prionopathies and Prionlike Protein Aberrations in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Anderson K.N. , Overcast W.B. , Brosch J.R. , Graner B.D. , Veronesi M.C.
Published: July 2021

Protein misfolding has been an area of intense research and is implicated in a number of neurodegenerative diseases. Key proteins in the brain lose their native ability to fold and instead assume abnormal conformations. Misfolded proteins cluster to form pathologic aggregates, which cause cellular dysfunction, neuronal death, and neurodegeneration. The prionopathies are best known among the neurodegenerative diseases for their ability to misfold, self-propagate, and infect other organisms. There is increasing evidence of a rationale for a prionlike mechanism of spread of other neurodegenerative diseases through a similar seeding mechanism. In this review, we detail the role of a key protein aberration known to the various prion diseases, including sporadic, variant, and iatrogenic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease; variably protease-sensitive prionopathy; Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker disease; fatal familial insomnia; and kuru. We also discuss the clinical presentation, the available, and emerging imaging options for these diseases. In the second part of this review, we delineate how a prionlike seeding process may be driving the progression of other neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson disease, Alzheimer disease, and Huntington disease. A discussion of clinical presentation and imaging features of these example diseases follows to make a case for a common approach to developing imaging biomarkers and therapies of these diseases.Learning Objective: Upon completion of this article, one should be able to describe the various types of prion diseases, recognize and identify the common the neuro-imaging findings in prion diseases, describe seeding mechanism of prion disease, list the common amyloid PET tracers used for Alzheimer’s disease, and list common imaging biomarkers in neurodegenerative diseases.
Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase‐Positive Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor Mimicking Meningioma: A Case Report
Authors: Stone J.B. , Stonebridge R. , Bhuta R.D. , Boxerman J.L.
Published: July 2021

A 15-year-old girl presented with intermittent nausea and vomiting, headache, and vision changes. MR imaging of the brain revealed an avidly enhancing infratemporal dural-based mass arising from the tentorium, with hyperintensity on T2WI and transdural extension into the posterior cranial
fossa. The well-encapsulated fibrous tumor was resected en bloc after cauterization of its rich tentorial arterial supply. Histologic examination demonstrated pleomorphic myofibroblastic cells admixed with an inflammatory infiltrate. Spindle cells showed strong, diffusely positive immunostaining
for anaplastic lymphoma kinase, and genomic sequencing uncovered a tropomyosin 3 gene and anaplastic lymphoma kinase fusion and an activating mutation in the Kirsten rat sarcoma oncogene. A diagnosis of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor was made. Primary intracranial involvement of inflammatory
myofibroblastic tumor is exceptionally rare, and few cases that feature an anaplastic lymphoma kinase translocation have been described. Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor‐CNS is an important differential diagnosis for dural-based lesions in children and young adults due to its propensity
for recurrence and malignant degeneration.
Secondary Neurodegeneration: A General Approach to Axonal and Transaxonal Degeneration
Authors: Assunção F.B. , Scoppetta T.L.P.D. , Yonekura Inada B.S. , Martins L.D.A. , Narvaez E.O , Soldatelli M.D , Freitas L.F. , Marussi V.H.R , Campos C.M.S , Amaral L.L.F.D.
Published: July 2021

CNS WM tracts are mainly composed of axons, and when these structures undergo apoptosis or lose their integrity, neurodegeneration may occur. Secondary neuronal degeneration can be classified as axonal degeneration and involves only the first neuron in a pathway (Wallerian degeneration
of the corticospinal tract being its prototype) or be classified as transaxonal degeneration and involve more than a single neuron in a common pathway, usually a closed neuronal circuit, in specific tracts, such as the dentate-rubro-olivary tract, tracts of the limbic system, corticopontocerebellar
tract, cranial nerve tracts, and nigrostriatal pathway. This study aimed to review the anatomy of the main CNS tracts susceptible to secondary neuronal degeneration and to illustrate, through different imaging modalities, the findings associated with this poorly explored and understood process
involved in the pathophysiologic substrate of numerous neurologic diseases.Learning Objective: Recognize the anatomy of the main CNS tracts susceptible to secondary neuronal degeneration and identify its main imaging findings in different imaging modalities.
Form and Function in Intracranial Neurovascular Stents: A Historical Perspective and State-of-the-Art Clinical Review for the Noninterventionalist
Authors: Caton M.T. , Copelan A.Z. , Narsinh K.H. , Murph D. , Abla A. A. , Cooke D.L. , Hetts S.W. , Halbach V.V. , Dowd C.F. , Higashida R.T. , Amans M.R.
Published: July 2021

The use of intracranial stents in neurointerventional surgery has been practiced for decades. However, the spectrum of treatable pathology, available devices, and clinical adoption of intracranial stents has exploded in recent years. Diagnostic neuroradiologists play a critical role
in the evaluation of these devices after deployment, yet may not be familiar with state-of-the-art intracranial stent devices and indications. This review provides an overview of intracranial stents for cerebrovascular disease, with 3 chief learning objectives: 1) to understand the basic principles
of stent design, biomechanics, and deployment, and the resulting influence on cerebrovascular hemodynamics; 2) to be familiar with the spectrum of intracranial pathology amenable to endovascular stent placement; and 3) to recognize the radiographic appearance of successful intracranial stent
deployment and intracranial stent‐related complications.Learning Objective: Recognize the key principles of design (form), current indications (function), and potential complications of intracranial stents used in neurointerventional surgery
Nitrous Oxide Abuse‐Induced Subacute Combined Degeneration: Classic Neuroimaging Findings on MRI
Authors: Kirsch A.K. , Allison S.M. , Kilanowski S.A.
Published: July 2021

Subacute combined degeneration is uncommonly a result of nitrous oxide abuse and presents with high signal in the dorsal columns of the spinal cord on T2-weighted MR imaging. We present a case of subacute combined degeneration in a young patient who abused nitrous oxide, which is an
uncommon cause and infrequently seen in this patient population. Symptoms are often reversible with treatment of vitamin B12, and radiologists should be aware of these findings to avoid delay in treatment.
Dehiscencia de sutura en gastroplastia endocoscópica
Authors: Alegre Salles Valdemir José , Simões de Araújo Alegre Salles Gustavo , Simões de Araújo Alegre Salles3 Lsabela , Dias Chaves Victor
Published: July 2021

Hombre de 56 años, sometido a gastroplastia endoscópica hace 8 meses, evolucionando con la recuperación de peso. El paciente presentaba como comorbilidades: una dislipidemia, hipertensión arterial sistémica y apnea del sueño, antes del procedimiento tenía una BMI de 38,74 Kg/m2, con un peso estimado de 122 kg. El aumento de peso de 14 kg fue más evidente en los últimos 2 meses. Sometido a una tomografía computarizada abdominal mostró una cámara gástrica preservada (Figura 1).

Aunque de la apertura de los puntos en la pared gástrica, existe una restricción de la distensión de la cámara gástrica, puede ser responsable de la saciedad temprana, lo que hace que el paciente mantenga la pérdida de peso. La técnica endoscópica consiste en un endoscopio que se inserta a través de la cavidad bucal hasta el estómago, donde se despliega una serie de suturas.

Las suturas se colocan comenzando desde la parte pilórica y luego moviéndose gradualmente hacia el fondo gástrico1. En la técnica de gastroplastia se utiliza una aguja curva e hilo de polipropileno 2-0, rodeando la pared gástrica con una profundidad de 15 mm. Las suturas ceñidas crean una línea de pliegues en la pared del estómago, reduciendo radicalmente el volumen gástrico. 2
Performance Evaluation Zeta Converter Using PI Controller for Energy Management in DC Nanogrid Isolated System
Authors: Murdianto Farid Dwi , Sudiharto Indhana , Wulandari Eni
Published: July 2021

Renewable energy is needed as an alternative energy source. One of the implementations of renewable energy is the Solar Power Plant (PLTS). PLTS is a component that uses solar cells to convert solar energy into electrical energy. Unfortunately, the output power of this solar cell depends on the intensity of the light which causes the output power to enter the load to be unstable. Sometimes the PV power decrease because of the shading effect. From this problem a converter is needed to keep the system output voltage. The converter used in this research is the zeta converter. This Zeta converter can operate like a buck boost converter. The output of the system used is not stable. So that to stabilize it requires good control. In this paper using PI controller to control this system in order to keep the output system stable. 3. The error generated using the PI Control on the system is only 0.34%.
Analysis of Bored Pile Foundation Bearing Capacity Based on Cone Penetration Test Data (Case Study: Cilellang Weir Location)
Authors: Mutiara Indra
Published: July 2021

The use of a bored pile foundation is an alternative in planning deep foundations. The function of this bored pile foundation is more or less the same as other deep foundations such as piles but has a slight difference in the process. The bored pile foundation begins with drilling the ground to the planned depth, followed by the installation of steel reinforcement and then concrete mortar. This study aims to evaluate the Cone Penetration Test (CPT) data on the bearing capacity of the bored pile foundation. Calculation of bearing capacity from Cone Penetration Test (CPT) data using the Schmertmann & Nottingham method and the Mayerhof method. Based on CPT data, the percentage calculation of ultimate bearing capacity at location S1 with the Schmertmann & Nottingham method is more optimistic Â±17.28% compared to using the Mayerhof method for bored pile diameters of 60 and 80 cm, while for bored pile diameters of 40 cm, calculations using the Mayerhof method show more optimistic by 21.89%. The percentage calculation of ultimate bearing capacity at location S2 using the Schmertmann & Nottingham method is Â±11.66% more optimistic than using the Mayerhof method for bored pile diameters of 60 and 80 cm, while the diameter of the bored pile 40 cm, the calculation using the Mayerhof method shows a more optimistic result of 33.82%.
Bienestar subjetivo en el Envejecimiento Activo
Authors: González Bosque Mara
Published: July 2021

Estudios mostraron que el bienestar está ligado a factores diversos como condiciones de crianza, vínculos con parientes y amigos, tipo de actividades laborales, rasgos de personalidad, disponibilidad y utilización del tiempo libre, lugar donde se vive, acceso a parques, lugares de convivencia social, los niveles de seguridad, la tenencia de hijos y sus diferentes edades, los vínculos de pareja, la economía del hogar y personal, el marco macroeconómico, la distribución de los ingresos, el desempleo y la ocupación, el nivel de salud, la escala de valores que se posee, la disponibilidad de participación en tomas de decisiones a nivel político y más. El bienestar subjetivo afecta y marca fuertemente el grupo etario de 60 a 64 años, relacionado con los cambios propios de la etapa evolutiva en la que se introducen, el bienestar subjetivo en dicha etapa aparece equilibrado y tendiente al incremento y el nivel educativo de la persona mayor tiene una directa relación con el bienestar subjetivo experimentado, porque a medida que éste se incrementa tienen mayor posibilidad de alcanzar el bienestar. Evaluando 30 años de estudios, la definición de envejecimiento activo y con éxito, se siguen sosteniendo. Más allá de las diferencias en las definiciones y miradas encontradas en la literatura, hay que destacar un punto de encuentro en relación a la necesidad de superar las restricciones de los modelos basados en visiones determinadas por lo cultural y social, delimitándose a los lugares donde se han evaluado, y no universalmente, también destacar la intención de integrar criterios objetivos con la subjetividad de aquellos implicados, con modelos más inclusivos que den la oportunidad de envejecer dignamente a todas las personas por igual. Resaltando la necesidad de una solidaridad intergeneracional y aproximación a esta cuestión desde un proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje durante el transcurso de toda la vida.
Awareness and Knowledge of Self-Assessment Tools for Breast Cancer among Female Students in Lahore, Pakistan
Authors: Kiani Nida Nasir , Mehboob Tooba , Tabassam Naila , Faheem Muhammad , Aslam Rabia , Bashir Irfan , Jamshaid Talha
Published: July 2021

Background: The objective of this study is to create awareness about breast cancer among female students or other female population by evaluating their knowledge and perception towards the disease
Methods: A Questionnaire bases study was conducted on 110 female students of University on Central Punjab, Lahore.
Results: The results showed the insufficient knowledge of breast cancer among large number of female university students. About 53.6% students were well informed about meaning of breast self-examination (BSE) and only 39.1% female students were aware of steps involved in breast self-examination.
Conclusion: Overall, the students had limited knowledge of risk factors and sign and symptoms of breast cancer
Influences of Pharmaceutical Industry on Prescription Practices in Public and Private Hospitals of Islamabad- Pakistan
Authors: Latif Ahmed , Ansari Muhammad Siddique , Ansari Muhammad Ibrahim , Malik Rabia , Sohoo Abdul Ahad , Sohoo Firdous , Zaib Umaira
Published: July 2021

Background:  To explore the influences of pharmaceutical companies on prescription practices and to find out types of incentives of pharmaceutical companies on medical doctors in private and public hospitals in Islamabad, the capital city of Pakistan 
Methods: A qualitative exploratory study was conducted in 06 months May-Oct: 2017 in Islamabad (Capital City of Pakistan). Data were collected from doctors and pharmaceuticals representatives through snowballing sampling techniques through open ended questionnaire in which In-depth interviews were taken. In depth interviews were recorded, transcribed and coded. Qualitative sub-component was included to triangulate the data, sub themes and themes were generated.
Results: Respondent’s prescription is a basically document in which we suggest minimum effective medication therapy to the patient, that is also cost effective and give maximum treatment to the patient.  Few of the respondents are also agreeing on the point that most of the times patient itself influences to prescribe the particular product. Patient itself influences to prescribe the particular product that is redundant in its treatment regimen. Other respondents stated that prescription is varying from patient to patient and our priority is to give the medicine to the patient which shows good efficacy.
Conclusion: Most doctors were maintaining protocol of prescription and using brand name of medicine. Pharmacists were visiting them on regular basis conditionally.
Comparison of Social determinants and Evaluation of Disease Management of diabetic patients attending Rahman Medical Institute and Nahaki Emergency Satellite Hospital, Peshawar
Authors: Liaqat Aisha , Arshad Sanan , Gul Saddiqa , Sultana Ulfat , Liaqat Fatima , Liaqat Adnan , Arshad Saim
Published: July 2021

Background: Diabetes mainly depends on social determinants of health. Addressing the social determinants, and attitude toward disease management is an important step toward the prognosis, and control of diabetes. The objective of the study was to determine the contributing role of social Determinants in diabetes development and evaluation of diabetes parameters affecting the prognosis and management among the diabetic patients of NESH and RMI.
Methods: This was comparative hospital based case control study carried out from the duration of March to December 2016. A total 174 patients, 87 diabetics and 87 non diabetics were included in the study. After taking written consent, a predesigned questionnaire was filled from each patient. Data were collected and analyzed by using SPSS version 16.
Results: A total 174 study subjects, 87 diabetic (Cases) and non-diabetic (control) each from two different hospitals with equal distribution were included in the study. Out of 174 study subjects 59 (34%) were male and 115 (66%) were female. A significant difference was observed in weight and BMI p<0.05 of these two groups case and control. There found no significant difference among diabetics and non-diabetes in reference to their social determinants like gender p=0.1683, education p=0.4358 and income p= 0.4672, however a significant difference between these two groups were observed in marital status p=0.0001. It was found that significant difference was observed in decrease of vision (p=<0.001) and Ischemic necrosis of toes and finger (p=0.007) among diabetics patients of both hospital.
Conclusion: The social determinants (age, gender, area, profession etc), carbohydrate and fat intake were not significantly different between diabetics and non-diabetics group. The significantly higher proportion of diabetic’s patients of rural hospital were found with decrease of vision and ischemic
necrosis of toes and fingers educational intervention regarding diabetes management is needed in rural areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.
Pattern of Mandible fracture reported in a single institute: A retrospective analysis of 1230 cases to determine causes of facial trauma and preventive strategies in Lahore Population
Authors: Zulfiqar Kirn , Awan Faiz Rasul
Published: July 2021

Background: Maxillofacial fractures are the most commonly reported injuries in developed as well as developing countries, among all facial bones; mandible is most commonly fractured. The pattern of mandibular bone fracture has changed drastically over the past two decades due to increase occurrence of high velocity impact. The objective of this study was to determine the pattern and causes of mandibular fractures that have reported in the Department of Surgery at Punjab Dental Hospital Lahore.
Methods: Ethical Review Committee of de’Montmorency College of Dentistry (DCD), Lahore, granted the Ethical approval for this retrospective study. Data was taken from the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of de’Montmorency College of Dentistry/ Punjab Dental Hospital (DCD/PDH) by using secondary data of indoor register from January 2017 to December 2020. Record which met our inclusion criteria was included in this study and record having incomplete data was excluded. A total of 1230 cases were entered in SPSS version 21 to determine descriptive statistic of the data. Percentages and frequencies of variables like gender, site of fracture and causes of fracture were calculated.  
Results: Our study included 1230 patients out of which 873 were males and 357 were females. The most affected age group was the fourth decade of life (38.1%) and the major etiological factor was road traffic accident (RTA) which led to fractures in 1067 patients (86.7%). Para-symphysis and symphysis was the most commonly affected area comprising of 36.2% of all fractures. The second most common sit was condyle (23.9%). Least commonly fractured site was coronoid process of the mandible.
Conclusion: Cause of majority of mandible fractures is RTA and most commonly affected anatomical site were Para-symphysis and Symphysis.