bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From Conventional to Cutting-edge: A Comprehensive Review on Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Vikal Akash , Maurya Rashmi , Bhowmik Shuvadip , Patel Preeti , Gupta Ghanshyam Das , Kurmi Balak Das
Published: May 2024

:

The essential need for efficacious conveyance of therapeutics to specific tissues or cells, refinement of drug formulations, and the scalability of industrial production drives the pre-sent-day demand for enhanced drug delivery systems (DDS). Newly devised drugs often exhibit suboptimal biopharmaceutical properties, resulting in diminished patient adherence and adverse side effects. The paramount importance of site-specific drug delivery lies in its capacity to facili-tate the targeted administration of diverse therapeutic agents, catering to both localized ailments and systemic treatments. Alongside targeted drug delivery strategies encompassing ligand-based targeting and stimuli-responsive systems, the advent of cutting-edge nanotechnologies such as nanoparticles, liposomes, and micelles has marked a paradigm shift. Additionally, personalized medicines have emerged as a consequential facet of drug delivery, emphasizing the customization of treatment approaches. Researchers have explored an excess of methodologies in the advance-ment of these formulation technologies, including stimuli-responsive drug delivery, 3D printing, gene delivery, and various other innovative approaches. This comprehensive review aims to pro-vide a holistic understanding of the past, present, and future of drug delivery systems, offering in-sights into the transformative potential of emerging technologies.
Biological Potential and Therapeutic Effectiveness of Phytoproduct ‘Fargesin’ in Medicine: Focus on the Potential of an Active Phytochemical of Magnolia fargesii
Authors: Patel Kanika , Patel Dinesh Kumar
Published: May 2024

:

Flos Magnoliae is one of the important medicinal plants in different traditional
medicine, including Chinese herbal medicine. Lignans and neolignans, including tetrahydrofurofuran,
tetrahydrofuran, and aryltetralin, are present in the Flos Magnoliae species. A wide range of
pharmacological activity of Flos Magnoliae has been reported in medicine. Fargesin has been isolated
from Magnolia fargesii and is a lignan-class phytochemical. Fargesin has numerous pharmacological
activities in medicine, including its effectiveness on lipid and glucose metabolism, oxidative
stress, myocardial apoptosis, etc. In the present work, we have summarized the detailed scientific
information of fargesin concerning its medicinal properties and pharmacological activities.
Numerous biological and chemical aspects of fargesin are discussed here, including the detailed
pharmacological activities and analytical aspects of fargesin. In this review, we have also
compiled analytical data on fargesin based on available scientific literature. Ethnopharmacological
information on fargesin was gathered by a literature survey on Pubmed, Science Direct, Google,
and Scopus using the terms fargesin, Flos Magnoliae, phytochemical, and herbal medicine. The
present review paper compiled the scientific data on fargesin in medicine for its pharmacological
activities and analytical aspects in a very concise manner with proper citations. The present work
signified the biological importance of fargesin in medicine due to its significant impact on bone disorders,
lung injury, colon cancer, atherosclerosis, neurological disorders, ischemia, sars-cov-2, allergy,
lipid and glucose metabolism, melanin synthesis, and different classes of enzymes. Furthermore,
fargesin also has anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, antiprotozoal, antimycobacterial, and
antifeedant activity. However, analytical methods used for the separation, identification and isolation
of fargesin in different biological and non-biological samples were also covered in the present
review. The present work revealed the pharmacological activities and analytical aspects of fargesin
in medicine and other allied health sectors.
Understanding the Origins of Quark Charges, Quantum of Magnetic Flux,
Planck’s Radiation Constant and Celestial Magnetic Moments with the 4G
Model of Nuclear Charge
Authors: Seshavatharam Utpala Venkata Satya , Lakshminarayana Sreerama
Published: May 2024

Introduction:

In our previous published papers, considering 3 large atomic gravitational
constants assumed to be associated with weak, strong and electromagnetic interactions, we
have proposed the existence of a nuclear charge of magnitude, en=2.95e and developed a nuclear
mass formula associated with strong and weak interactions having 4 simple terms and only one
energy coefficient.

Methods:

Two important assumptions are that there exists a weak fermion of rest energy 585 GeV
and a strong coupling constant is the squared ratio of electromagnetic charge and nuclear charge.
The aim of this paper is associated with understanding the mystery of the quantum of magnetic
flux, Planck’s quantum radiation constant and Reduced Planck’s constant. Proceeding further,
quark charges, strong coupling constant, nuclear stability, nuclear binding energy, medium and
heavy atomic X-ray levels and celestial magnetic moments can be understood in a unified approach.
It may also be noted that, by considering the integral nature of elementary particle masses,
it seems possible to understand the discreteness of angular momentum.

Results:

Considering our proposed en=2.95e=3e as a characteristic nuclear charge, it seems possible
to understand the integral nature of quarks electromagnetic charge. With this idea, neutron,
proton and pion decay can be understood very easily.

Conclusion:

In all the cases, the up quark of charge (±2e) seems to play a crucial role in the internal
transformation of the down quark of charge (±e) and external observable elementary basic
elementary particles. It needs further study at the fundamental level.
Metallic Nanoparticles in the Glasses: Advances and Current Challenges
Authors: Reza Doust M.
Published: May 2024

Glasses are fascinating materials with diverse applications. Rare earth doped glasses are well-known for their optical properties which could be used as solid-state lasers, optical sensors, scintillators, optical thermometers, optical fibers in telecommunications, nuclear waste storages, etc. Recently, by increasing the interest in the modification of materials on the nanoscale, glasses doped with metallic nanoparticles have attracted much attention. This type of doping was used historically in the coloration of the glasses, however, in the new millennium it is used also as the optical centers to enhance the radiative quantum yield of the luminescent materials. In this proposal, yet there have been confronted several challenges which need further investigations. For example, not all the cases of metal particle doping in luminescence materials yield an enhancement in emission intensities of lanthanide ions in glasses. This chapter revisits the important experimental results and discusses them as three different arguments.
Effects of a Serious Game for Adolescent Mental Health on Cognitive Vulnerability: Pilot Usability Study
Authors: De Jaegere Eva , van Heeringen Kees , Emmery Peter , Mommerency Gijs , Portzky Gwendolyn
Published: May 2024

Background

Adolescent mental health is of utmost importance. E-mental health interventions, and serious games in particular, are appealing to adolescents and can have beneficial effects on their mental health. A serious game aimed at improving cognitive vulnerability (ie, beliefs or attitudes), which can predispose an individual to mental health problems, can contribute to the prevention of these problems in adolescents.

Objective

This study aimed to assess the feasibility of the prototype of a serious game called “Silver.”

Methods

The prototype of the serious game was developed using a user-centered participatory design. The prototype of Silver focused on 1 aspect of a serious game for improving cognitive vulnerability in adolescents, that is, the recognition and identification of cognitive distortions. Through the game, players were required to identify and classify the character’s thoughts as helpful or unhelpful. Upon successful advancement to the next level, the task becomes more challenging, as players must also identify specific types of cognitive distortions. A pre- and posttest uncontrolled design was used to evaluate the game, with a 1-week intervention phase in which participants were asked to play the game. Participants aged 12-16 years were recruited in schools. The outcomes of interest were the recognition of cognitive distortions and presence of participants’ cognitive distortions. The game was also evaluated on its effects, content, and usefulness.

Results

A total of 630 adolescents played Silver and completed the assessments. Adolescents were significantly better at recognizing cognitive distortions at the pretest (mean 13.09, SD 4.08) compared to the posttest (mean 13.82, SD 5.09; t629=−4.00, P<.001). Furthermore, their cognitive distortions decreased significantly at the posttest (mean 38.73, SD 12.79) compared to the pretest (mean 41.43, SD 10.90; t629=7.98, P<.001). Participants also indicated that the game helped them recognize cognitive distortions. Many participants considered the game appealing (294/610, 48.2%) but boring (317/610, 52%) and preferred a more comprehensive game (299/610, 49%).

Conclusions

Findings from this study suggest that a serious game may be an effective tool for improving cognitive vulnerability in adolescents. The development of such a serious game, based on the prototype, is recommended. It may be an important and innovative tool for the universal prevention of mental health problems in adolescents. Future research on the effects of the game is warranted.
Acceptability of a Digital Adherence Tool Among Patients With Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Care Providers in Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania: Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Mtenga Alan Elias , Maro Rehema Anenmose , Dillip Angel , Msoka Perry , Emmanuel Naomi , Ngowi Kennedy , Sumari-de Boer Marion
Published: May 2024

Background

The World Health Organization has recommended digital adherence tools (DATs) as a promising intervention to improve antituberculosis drug adherence. However, the acceptability of DATs in resource-limited settings is not adequately studied.

Objective

We investigated the acceptability of a DAT among patients with tuberculosis (TB) and TB care providers in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania.

Methods

We conducted a convergent parallel mixed methods study among patients with TB and TB care providers participating in our 2-arm cluster randomized trial (REMIND-TB). The trial aimed to investigate whether the evriMED pillbox with reminder cues and adherence feedback effectively improves adherence to anti-TB treatment among patients with TB in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. We conducted exit and in-depth interviews among patients as well as in-depth interviews among TB care providers in the intervention arm. We conducted a descriptive analysis of the quantitative data from exit interviews. Translated transcripts and memos were organized using NVivo software. We employed inductive and deductive thematic framework analysis, guided by Sekhon’s theoretical framework of acceptability.

Results

Out of the 245 patients who completed treatment, 100 (40.8%) were interviewed during exit interviews, and 18 patients and 15 TB care providers were interviewed in-depth. Our findings showed that the DAT was highly accepted: 83% (83/100) expressed satisfaction, 98% (98/100) reported positive experiences with DAT use, 78% (78/100) understood how the intervention works, and 92% (92/100) successfully used the pillbox. Good perceived effectiveness was reported by 84% (84/100) of the participants who noticed improved adherence, and many preferred continuing receiving reminders through SMS text messages, indicating high levels of self-efficacy. Ethical concerns were minimal, as 85 (85%) participants did not worry about remote monitoring. However, some participants felt burdened using DATs; 9 (9%) faced difficulties keeping the device at home, 12 (12%) were not pleased with receiving daily reminder SMS text messages, and 30 (30%) reported challenges related to mobile network connectivity issues. TB care providers accepted the intervention due to its perceived impact on treatment outcomes and behavior change in adherence counseling, and they demonstrated high level of intervention coherence.

Conclusions

DATs are highly acceptable in Tanzania. However, some barriers such as TB-related stigma and mobile network connectivity issues may limit acceptance.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

RR2-10.1186/s13063-019-3483-4
A REVIEW OF NANOPARTICLE INNOVATIONS IN CANCER THERAPY: IMPLICATIONS, TARGETING MECHANISMS AND CLINICAL PROSPECTS
Authors: R. LOKESHVAR , VELMURUGAN RAMAIYAN
Published: May 2024

The main reason for morbidity and death globally is cancer, which has a complex pathophysiology. There are several traditional treatments for cancer, including chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapies, and immunotherapies. Multiple drug resistance, cytotoxicity, and lack of specificity pose significant challenges to cancer treatments. Molecular diagnostics and cancer treatment have been transformed by nanotechnology. For cancer treatment, nanoparticles (1–100 nm) are ideal because they are biocompatible, have low toxicity, excellent stability, high permeability, are precise and stable, and can deliver clear and accurate results. There are several main categories of nanoparticles. When it comes to the delivery of nanoparticle drugs, tumour characteristics and the tumour environment are considered. As well as providing advantages over conventional cancer treatments, nanoparticles prevent multidrug resistance, further overcoming their limitations. As new mechanisms are unravelled in studying multidrug resistance, nanoparticles are becoming more critical. Nano formulations have gained a new perspective on cancer treatment due to their many therapeutic applications. The number of approved nanodrugs has not increased significantly despite most research being conducted in vivo and in vitro. A review of nanoparticle oncological implications, targeting mechanisms, and approved nanotherapeutics is presented here. A current perspective on clinical translation is also provided, highlighting its advantages and challenges.
PARTITIONING BASED PHYSICOCHEMICAL MODELS FOR ASSESSING INTESTINAL PERMEABILITY AND ABSORPTION OF DRUGS
Authors: ELGENDY AHMED , ADEJARE ADEBOYE
Published: May 2024

Oral administration of drugs is highly preferred for almost all human beings than any other route of drug delivery except during some health challenges. Therefore, permeability assessment of drugs across intestinal membrane is essential in the early stages of drug discovery for time and cost reasons. Animals, including humans, have been used for decades as in vivo models for determining intestinal drug permeability and absorption. However, in vivo models are very invasive, time-consuming, and not cost-effective methods. Numerous in vitro models have been used to screen drug permeability and absorption through intestinal membranes. In this article partitioning based physicochemical models that can predict a compound/drug permeability potential across intestinal membrane will be elaborated upon.
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES FOR DETERMINATION OF MIRABEGRON FROM BULK, PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATION, AND BIOLOGICAL MATRICES: A CRITICAL REVIEW
Authors: SAWANT SANJAY DINKAR , GODSE SHITAL DIGAMBAR
Published: May 2024

Mirabegron is a beta-3 adrenergic receptor agonist and is specified for the treatment of overactive Bladder. This review covers analytical methods aimed at the identification and quantification of mirabegron in bulk, commercial dosage forms, and Biological fluids. Using various techniques such as UV-spectroscopy, spectro-fluorimetry, planer chromatography, High Performance-Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC), HPLC, High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-MS/MS (HPLC-MS/MS), Ultra-Pressure Liquid Chromatography-MS/MS (UPLC-MS/MS), and capillary electrophoresis. HPLC is the most used analytical technique for the identification and quantification of mirabegron in bulk and commercial dosage forms.
DEVELOPMENT AND OPTIMIZATION OF A DOLUTEGRAVIR NANOSUSPENSION USING BOX BEHNKEN DESIGN
Authors: GOTTEMUKKULA LAKSHMI DEVI , PATHURI RAGHUVEER
Published: May 2024

Objective: This study aimed to develop and optimize a nanosuspension of Dolutegravir, an integrase inhibitor with low aqueous solubility, using the sonoprecipitation technique. The objective was to enhance the drug's solubility and oral bioavailability by preparing nanosuspension.
Methods: A box-behnken design was employed to systematically investigate the impact of stabilizer concentration, sonication amplitude, and time on the particle size and polydispersibility of the nanosuspension formulations. Various stabilizers, including Soluplus®, Poloxamer 188, Poly Vinyl Pyrrolidone (PVP) K90, Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC), and Tween 80, were evaluated. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed drug-polymer interactions, while differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction revealed partial amorphization. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed nanoscale particle size and morphology.
Results: The optimized formulation (NS6) with 1% Soluplus®, 65 W amplitude, and 10 min sonication exhibited nanoparticles of 75.3 nm with low polydispersity. NS6 demonstrated enhanced drug release compared to the pure drug, attributed to particle size reduction and amorphization. In vitro tests indicated acceptable stability over time and temperature.
Conclusion: The application of Box-Behnken design resulted in an optimized nanosuspension formulation capable of improving the oral bioavailability of poorly soluble Dolutegravir. The formulation exhibited favorable characteristics, including reduced particle size, amorphization, and enhanced drug release, highlighting its potential as an effective delivery system for Dolutegravir in Human Immuno Deficiency Virus (HIV) treatment.
QUANTIFICATION AND QUALITY CONTROL OF TRIPLE-DRUG COMBINATION EMPLOYED FOR GASTRIC ULCER USING STABILITY-INDICATING SELECTIVE RP-HPLC TECHNIQUE
Authors: PAVANI YADLA , ARAVIND S. , ANNAM CHARITHA , SUBBA RAO MANNAM
Published: May 2024

Objective: A seven-day regimen consisting of vonoprazan (VNP), amoxicillin (AXC) and clarithromycin (CRC), administered twice daily, has been permitted and reimbursed by health coverage as initial therapy. No technique has been implemented yet to determine the quantities of VNP, AXC, and CRC combination. This work effectively aimed at estimating these medications (VNP, AXC, and CRC) at the same time by developing an HPLC technique that saves money and time.
Methods: The VNP, AXC, and CRC were separated in a “Waters” column (C18 nature; 250 mm sized length; 4.6 mm sized internal diameter; 5 µm sized particle; 25 °C temperature). Phosphoric acid (0.1% in water; pH 4.2) and absolute methanol (50:50, v/v) comprise the mobile phase. The drug product, Voqueznatripak, was subjected to hydrolysis, oxidation, photolysis, and thermal stressors with the intent to cause enforced degradation. The suggested "HPLC conditions" were verified in compliance with ICH guidance.
Results: The measurements had a linear range of 10–20 µg/ml for VNP and 250–750 µg/ml for AXC and CRC. The AXC, CRC, and VNP had LOQ’s 5.302 µg/ml, 5.487 µg/ml and 0.523 µg/ml, respectively. Precision measurements were<0.2% RSD and accuracy ranges were 99.40% to 101.46%. The newly devised “HPLC conditions” specificity attribute and stability-indicating quality were also validated by forced degradation tests.
Conclusion: The newly devised “HPLC conditions” for analysing AXC, CRC, and VNP in formulation dosage form and stability samples might be adapted by quality control laboratories. The devised “HPLC conditions” is qualified and consistent to reveal and detect any probable change in the drug product assessments throughout stability experiments.
THE FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF 6-THIOGUANINE AS A NANOSTRUCTURE LIPID CARRIER FOR THE TARGETED DELIVERY OF BREAST CANCER
Authors: HASHIM ALAA A. , ALTEMEMY DHIYA , MOHAMMAD HUSSEIN ABDELAMIR , MAHMOOD HASANAIN SHAKIR , M. HUSSEIN RADHWAN , REZAEI MAHSA , KHOSRAVIAN PEGAH
Published: May 2024

Objective:  The main goal was to avoid all the problems associated with usual breast cancer treatment by using 6-thioguanine as a nanostructure lipid carrier (TG-NLCS). This was accomplished by administering an effective and targeted dose of 6-thioguanine (TG) to the tumour site using a long-lasting and biodegradable delivery system.
Methods: A combination of heat homogenization and ultrasonication was used to implement the emulsification process. To obtain the optimal formulation, the prepared formulations were first assessed for particle size, Polydispersity Index (PDI), zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, and drug loading capacity. Additionally, a range of physicochemical characterization techniques were employed, including dissolution studies, melting point determination, Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), as well as cytotoxicity assessment of TG-NLCs in MCF-7 breast cancer cells.
Results: The selected formula, TG03, showed a zeta potential of-13.5±0.27 mV and a particle size of 149±0.55 nm. This was further examined using a FESEM. In the in vitro drug release study, the formula demonstrated better-controlled drug release for 48 h in comparison to other formulations. In addition, the significant anti-proliferation activity of TG-NLCs against the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line.
Conclusion: Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) are one type of multifunctional nanoparticle that includes many combinations of lipids and medicines for various delivery routes.
SINUSOIDAL ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD DECREASES OSTEOGENIC DIFFERENTIATION OF RAT BONE MARROW MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS
Authors: ALTEMEMY DHIYA , GHASEM KASHANI MARYAM HAJI , N. WENAS OSAMAH
Published: May 2024

Objective: The widespread use of household electrical appliances generating electric and magnetic fields was a significant focus of WHO attention because of its serious threat to human health, especially osteogenesis. This research investigated the effect of 50 Hz frequency (1 mT intensity) sinusoidal EMF (SEMF) on the osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow stem cells (rBMSCs) in vitro.
Methods: Experimental groups were: positive control (cells cultured in osteogenic medium supplemented with 7-10 M Dexamethasone, negative control (cells cultured in α-MEM/10% FBS, 10 mmol Beta-Glycerol-Phosphate, 15% FBS, 50 ug/ml Ascorbic Acid bi-Phosphate, 100 unit/ml Penicillin) and for the EMF group, cells exposed to SEMF (50 Hz, 1 mT, 30 min/day) for 14 and 21 d. Alizarin red staining, Alkaline phosphatase activity, and QRT-PCR were performed.
Results: The EMF group exhibited weaker positive stains for ALP and Alizarin red than the positive control group. The Runx2 and Ocn gene expression levels were significantly decreased compared to negative control at 14 and 21 d of EMF exposure, respectively. After 14 and 21 d of exposure, Runx2 and Ocn gene expression were much lower in the EMF group than in the positive control group.
Conclusion: SEMF (1 mT, 50 Hz, 30 min/day) could retarded osteogenesis and reduce the osteogenic differentiation of rBMSCs.
Missed opportunities for community engagement: An examination of the government-funded Local Journalism Initiative
Authors: Konieczna Magda , Girardin Béatrice
Published: May 2024

This article examines the Local Journalism Initiative (LJI), initially a $70-million, five-year program of the Canadian government to fund new reporting positions in existing newsrooms across Canada, with the goal of increasing the amount of civic journalism. Using a mixed methods approach, we analyzed the language in almost 100 publicly available documents, conducted interviews with 11 participants and did a content analysis of 240 stories to examine how newsrooms defined the news desert they were trying to fill, whether work was civically focused and professionally produced, and what the LJI tells us about what kind of journalism the market can’t fund. In comparing the implementation of the program to an emerging set of best practices in journalism, we argue that the LJI represents a missed opportunity to help newsrooms evolve to better focus on the kind of information their communities need. We conclude with the one outlier in our sample, a community-access television station, that does make efforts to engage its community. Keywords: local news, qualitative methods, case studies, Local Journalism Initiative, political economy of news
Association between ExtrovertㆍIntrovert Tendency and Self-esteem among High School Students
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Choi Mi Jun , Kim Seong Yeong
Published: May 2024

Objectives This study investigated the association between extrovertㆍintrovert tendency and self-esteem by gender among high school students [n=340].
Methods Extrovertㆍintrovert tendency was measured by using MBTI (Meyers-Briggs Type Indicator) and then, the association between extrovertㆍintrovert tendency and self-esteem tested by pearson coefficient and simple regression analysis among them.
Results The result of pearson coefficient value indicated that extrovert tendency affected increasing self-esteem both groups [the boys (-0.251), (p<0.01), the girls (-0.187), (p<0.01)]. The simple regression analysis showed self-esteem increased with extrovert tendency in the boys (B=-0.347), (p<0.01) and the girls (B=-0.245), (p<0.05) as well.
Conclusions Self-esteem of high school students showed a association with higher the extrovert tendency. Therefore, we need to find diverse solutions to increase self-esteem through the improvement of extroversion.
Contribuições para uma educação escolar antirracista
Authors: Caprara Bernardo Mattes , Antunes Machado Lucas
Published: May 2024

O objetivo deste artigo é sinalizar a pedagogia engajada de bell hooks, professora e intelectual negra estadunidense, como potencial contribuição para uma educação escolar antirracista. Nessa linha, apresentamos os fundamentos da obra educacional da autora e seus principais desdobramentos. Depois, situamos sua concepção pedagógica no contexto de um projeto ético-político crítico ao racismo, ao sexismo e à opressão de classe, cujos alicerces auxiliam na contraposição ao chamado ‘pacto da branquitude’ presente na sociedade brasileira. Por fim, argumentamos que a pedagogia engajada de hooks enseja valiosas estratégias para o fomento de práticas antirracistas na escola brasileira.
GENETIC CHARACTERIZATION OF RELICT ENDEMIC LIQUIDAMBAR ORIENTALIS (ALTINGIACEAE) POPULATIONS
Authors: Yüzer Ömer , Tonguç Alper , Doğaç Ersin
Published: May 2024

Liquidambar orientalis, a relict endemic species, is distributed in the south-west of Turkey. The natural spread areas of the species have been decreasing since the early 1900s. This poses a great threat to the future and genetic diversity of the species. In this study, the genetic diversity of a total of 190 individuals in ten populations was examined with ten polymorphic ISSR primers. Data analysis was performed using POPGENE ver. 1.32 and GenAlEx 6.503 softwares. According to the results of the analysis, a total of 271 loci were identified. For the ten populations, the rate of polymorphic loci ranged from 21.03% to 34.69%. The mean number of observed alleles (Na) and mean number of effective alleles (Ne) were found as 1.98 ± 0.13 and 1.47 ± 24 0.37, respectively. Nei's genetic diversity values (h) ranged from 0.07 ± 0.15 to 0.12 ± 0.18. According to the results of Molecular Analysis of Variance (AMOVA) and POPGENE ver. 1.32 analysis, it was determined that the main contribution to the genetic variance originated from among the populations. In addition, the gene flow level (NM) was found to be low with a value of 0.27 per generation.
Cold Diffusion Model for Seismic Denoising
Authors: Trappolini Daniele , Laurenti Laura , Poggiali Giulio , Tinti Elisa , Galasso Fabio , Michelini Alberto , Marone Chris
Published: May 2024

Seismic waves contain information about the earthquake source, the
geologic structure they traverse, and many forms of noise. Separating
the noise from the earthquake is a difficult task because optimal
parameters for filtering noise typically vary with time and, if chosen
inappropriately, may strongly alter the original seismic waveform. 
Diffusion models based on Deep Learning (DL) have demonstrated
remarkable capabilities in restoring images and audio signals. However,
those models assume a Gaussian distribution of noise, which is not the
case for typical seismic noise. Motivated by the effectiveness of
“cold” diffusion models in speech enhancement, medical anomaly
detection, and image restoration, we present a cold variant for seismic
data restoration. We describe the first Cold Diffusion Model for Seismic
Denoising (CDiffSD), including key design aspects, model architecture,
and noise handling. Using metrics to quantify the performance of CDiffSD
models compared to previous works, we demonstrate that it provides a new
standard in performance. CDiffSD significantly improved the Signal to
Noise Ratio (SNR) by about 18% compared to previous models. It also
enhanced Cross-correlation by 6%, showing a better match between
denoised and original signals. Moreover, testing revealed a 50%
increase in the recall of P-wave picks for seismic picking. Our work
show that CDiffSD outperforms existing benchmarks, further underscoring
its effectiveness in seismic data denoising and analysis. Additionally,
the versatility of this model suggests its potential applicability
across a range of tasks and domains, such as GNSS, Lab Acoustic
Emission, and DAS data, offering promising avenues for further
utilization.
Himawari-ANU: A recalibrated geostationary land surface temperature dataset based on MODIS spatiotemporal characteristics
Authors: Yu Yi , Renzullo Luigi J. , McVicar Tim R. , Niel Thomas G. Van , Cai Dejun , Tian Siyuan
Published: May 2024

The geostationary Himawari-8 satellite offers a unique opportunity to
monitor sub-daily thermal dynamics over Asia and Oceania, and several
operational land surface temperature (LST) retrieval algorithms have
been developed for this purpose. However, studies have reported
inconsistency between LST data obtained from geostationary and
polar-orbiting platforms, particularly for daytime LST, which usually
shows directional artefacts and can be strongly impacted by viewing and
illumination geometries and shadowing effects. To overcome this
challenge, Solar Zenith Angle (SZA) serves as an ideal physical variable
to quantify systematic differences between platforms. Here we presented
an SZA-based Calibration (SZAC) method to operationally calibrate the
daytime component of a split-window retrieved Himawari-8 LST (referred
to here as the baseline). SZAC describes the spatial heterogeneity and
magnitude of diurnal LST discrepancies from different products. The SZAC
coefficient was spatiotemporally optimised against highest-quality
assured (error < 1 K) pixels from the MODerate-resolution
Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) daytime LST between 01/Jan/2016 and
31/Dec/2020. We evaluated the calibrated LST data, referred to as the
Australian National University LST with SZAC (ANU),
against MODIS LST and the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite
(VIIRS) LST, as well as in-situ LST from the OzFlux network. Two
peer Himawari-8 LST products from Chiba University and the Copernicus
Global Land Service were also collected for comparisons. The median
daytime bias of ANU LST against Terra-MODIS LST,
Aqua-MODIS LST and VIIRS LST was 1.52 K, 0.98 K and -0.63 K,
respectively, which demonstrated improved performance compared to
baseline (5.37 K, 4.85 K and 3.02 K, respectively) and Chiba LST (3.71
K, 2.90 K and 1.07 K, respectively). All four Himawari-8 LST products
showed comparable performance of unbiased root mean squared error
(ubRMSE), ranging from 2.47 to 3.07 K, compared to LST from
polar-orbiting platforms. In the evaluation against in-situ LST,
the overall mean values of bias (ubRMSE) of baseline, Chiba, Copernicus
and ANU LST during daytime were 4.23 K (3.74 K),
2.16 K (3.62 K), 1.73 K (3.31 K) and 1.41 K (3.24 K), respectively,
based on 171,289 hourly samples from 20 OzFlux sites across Australia
between 01/Jan/2016 and 31/Dec/2020. In summary, the SZAC method offers
a promising approach to enhance the reliability of geostationary LST
retrievals by incorporating the spatiotemporal characteristics observed
by accurate polar-orbiting LST data. Furthermore, it is possible to
extend SZAC for LST estimation by using data acquired by geostationary
satellites in other regions, e.g., Europe, Africa and Americas, as this
could improve our understanding of the error characteristics of
overlapped geostationary imageries, allowing for targeted refinements
and calibrations to further enhance applicability.
From internal variability to aerosol effects: physical mechanisms behind observed decadal trends in Surface Solar Radiation in the Western Pacific Ocean
Authors: Correa Lucas Ferreira , Folini Doris , Chtirkova Boriana , Wild Martin
Published: May 2024

The Pacific Ocean, spanning over 30% of the Earth’s surface, provides
an ideal setting for studying the surface radiative balance due to its
relatively pristine atmospheric conditions, far from anthropogenic
emission sources. In this study we investigated the causes for the
decadal trends of surface solar radiation (SSR) observed at eight
stations scattered across seven islands in the Western Pacific Ocean,
and extrapolated the results to the whole Western Pacific region based
on the understanding of physical processes. Our results show a contrast
between the causes for SSR trends in the northwestern and in the
southwestern Pacific. From the tropical Southern Hemisphere to the
Equatorial region, changes in cloud cover play a major role in the SSR
decadal trends and interannual variability. The cloud cover in these
areas is strongly associated with sea surface temperature (SST)
anomalies, especially those induced by El Nino Southern Oscillation
(ENSO) and the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO). Modes of
variability such as ENSO and IPO impact the large-scale dynamics of the
atmopshere, which is followed by a redistribution of the regions of deep
convection such as the South Pacific Convergence Zone. This
consecutively impacts the cloud cover on a regional level and therefore
SSR. In the Northern Hemisphere, however, anthropogenic aerosol
transported from Eastern Asia play a major role in the decadal SSR
trends. These results contribute to an improved understanding of the
physical processes relevant for the long-term SSR trends in remote
regions.
Quantifying Dynamic Linkages Between Precipitation, Groundwater Recharge, and Runoff using Ensemble Rainfall-Runoff Analysis
Authors: Gao Huibin , Ju Qin , Zhang Dawei , Wang Zhenlong , Hao Zhenchun , Kirchner James W.
Published: May 2024

Understanding streamflow generation at the catchment scale requires
quantifying how different components of the system are linked, and how
they respond to meteorological forcing. Here we use a data-driven
nonlinear deconvolution and demixing approach, Ensemble Rainfall-Runoff
Analysis (ERRA), to characterize and quantify dynamic linkages between
precipitation, groundwater recharge, and streamflow in a mesoscale
intensively farmed catchment. Streamflow in this catchment is flashy,
but occurs at time lags that are too long to be plausibly attributed to
overland flow runoff. Instead, the impulse responses of groundwater
recharge to precipitation, and of streamflow to groundwater recharge,
imply that this intermittent runoff is primarily driven by precipitation
infiltrating to recharge groundwater, followed by linear-reservoir
discharge of groundwater to streamflow. Streamflow increases nonlinearly
with increasing precipitation intensity or groundwater recharge, and
exhibits almost no runoff response to precipitation or recharge rates of
less than 10 mm d−1. Groundwater recharge is both nonlinear, increasing
more-than-proportionally with precipitation intensity, and
nonstationary, increasing with antecedent wetness. Simulations with the
infiltration model Hydrus-1D reproduce the observed water table time
series reasonably well (NSE=0.70). However, the model’s impulse response
is inconsistent with the observed impulse response estimated from
measured precipitation and groundwater recharge, illustrating that
goodness-of-fit statistics can be weak tests of model realism. Our
analysis demonstrates how impulse responses estimated by ERRA can help
quantify nonlinearity and nonstationarity in hydrologic processes, and
can help clarify the mechanistic linkages between precipitation and
streamflow at the catchment scale.
Substorm Identification With The WINDMI Magnetosphere - Ionosphere Nonlinear Physics Model
Authors: Adhya Purbi , Spencer Edmund A. , Kayode-Adeoye Mayowa
Published: May 2024

We investigate the applicability and performance of the plasma physics
based WINDMI model to the analysis and identification of substorm
onsets. There are several substorm onset criteria that have been
developed into event lists, either from auroral observations or from
auroral electrojet features. Five of these substorm onset lists are
available at the SuperMAG website. We analyze these lists, aggregate
them and use the WINDMI model to assess the identified events,
emphasizing the loading unloading mechanism in substorm dynamics. The
WINDMI model employs eight differential equations utilizing solar wind
data measured at L1 by the ACE satellite as input to generate outputs
such as the geotail current, the ring current and the field-aligned
currents (FACs). In particular, the WINDMI model current output $I_1$
represents the westward auroral electrojet, which is related to the
substorm SML index. We analyze a decade of solar wind and substorm onset
data from 1998 to 2007, encompassing over 15,000 onsets. Our findings
reveal a significant correlation, with WINDMI-derived enhancements in
FAC coinciding with the identified substorm events approximately
40\% of the time. This suggests that a substantial
proportion of substorms may be attributed to solar wind driving that
results in the loading and unloading of energy in the magnetotail.
Towards Sustainable Iron Ore Tailings Management: Exploiting Versatile Reuse Opportunities for Environmental and Economic Benefits
Authors: Kumar Gummadivalli Shiva , Sharma Aparna , Tripathi Durga Prasad , Nema Arvind Kumar
Published: May 2024

Mining and refining of iron ore result in prodigious quantities of Iron
Ore Tailings (IOTs), necessitating urgent adoption of sustainable
management practices. Depleted iron ore reserves underscore the untapped
value of IOTs’ iron content. To minimize waste generation and optimize
resource utilization, efficient extraction of iron content from ores is
imperative. Accurate identification of ore seams during or before mining
mitigates gangue and waste accumulation, resulting in cost savings in
material processing, refining, transportation, and disposal. Recycling
IOTs from older processing lines into newer, more efficient ones
presents a promising avenue for sustainable resource utilization.
Available options for IOT reuse span various domains. IOTs serve as
building materials (bricks, cement, concrete), providing cost-effective
alternatives. Road construction, embankments, and structural fills
utilize IOTs as construction materials. Additionally, IOTs demonstrate
versatility in manufacturing processes, including ceramics, foam glass,
and geopolymer-based materials. Applications in paints, pigments,
slow-release fertilizers, and microcrystalline glass further expand the
scope of IOT utilization. This study highlights the urgency of IOT
reuse/recycling for environmental and economic reasons. It underscores
the wealth of available reuse options, emphasizing recycling’s pivotal
role in sustainable resource management. Examination of these potential
applications charts the course toward environmentally conscious and
economically viable management of IOTs.
 Article
in AGU23 Website
Refined understanding of hydrological connectivity among lakes on the Qiangtang Plateau
Authors: Li Yunmei , Huang Chang , Wang Ninglian , Chen Yun , Zhang Shiqiang , Duan Hongtao
Published: May 2024

Accurate catchment delineation and lake connectivity assessment are
crucial for understanding hydrology and managing water resources. By
employing the Forest And Buildings removed Copernicus DEM (FABDEM) and a
2015 lake dataset, this study updated the delineations of 798 lake
catchments on the Qiangtang Plateau. From these lake catchments, 442
whole catchments were identified based on inter-lake connectivity, with
140 encompassing multiple lakes. Based on the cascading structures of
lakes identified through graph theory, we categorized these multi-lake
whole catchments into three types: 86 single-linkage, 31 dendritic, and
23 hub-and-spoke, providing a refined understanding of the hierarchical
organization within the lake networks. Projected reductions to 387 whole
catchments by 2030 and 366 by 2050 due to global warming underscore the
dynamic impacts of climate change on lake connectivity. This research
provides crucial insights for managing water resources in endorheic
basins under changing climatic conditions.
Contrasting Psychotherapeutic Treatments in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: an Exploratory Review
Authors: Zerpa Carlos Enrique
Published: May 2024

The aim of this study is to explain the effectiveness of psychotherapeutic treatments in patients with inflammatory bowel disease through an exploratory review of selected literature (2016-2022). Nineteen studies comprising interventions with cognitive behavioral psychotherapy, acceptance and commitment psychotherapy, and mindfulness were included, show data from N = 2506 people diagnosed with IBD, adult, adolescent and child participants, from different face-to-face and distance therapeutic programs. Results display a disparity of findings and are not definitive. The intervention that has the greatest verifiable therapeutic potential, given a better systematization of methodological procedures used, is cognitive behavioral psychotherapy. Future research on psychological interventions in IBD should focus on the use of trial of control and experimental groups, with random assignmentof participants and compliance with parameters that guarantee comparison between groups and replicability of studies, including design of a more standardized version of intervention procedures.
Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Pharmaceutical Research: An Extensive Review
Authors: G Nihalani
Published: May 2024

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming the pharmaceutical industry, revolutionizing drug discovery, development, and patient care. This comprehensive review explores the diverse applications of AI in the pharmaceutical sector, discussing its advantages, challenges, and future prospects. AI-driven techniques, including machine learning and deep learning, have accelerated drug discovery processes by expediting target identification, virtual screening, and drug repurposing. Predictive analytics optimize clinical trial design, while personalized medicine leverages patient-specific data for precise treatment plans. AI enhances drug formulation and manufacturing, improves pharmacovigilance and drug safety, and supports drug pricing and market access strategies. Despite its potential, challenges such as ethical considerations and data privacy concerns must be addressed. The integration of AI into existing workflows and regulatory compliance remain areas of focus. By overcoming these challenges, AI stands poised to reshape the pharmaceutical industry and pave the way for a more efficient, personalized, and impactful approach to drug development and healthcare.
Recent Approaches of Impurity Profiling in Pharmaceutical Analysis: A Concise Review
Authors: R Bachhav
Published: May 2024

Purity profiling is the process of gathering and analyzing information to determine the biological safety of a specific impurity, hence highlighting its importance and range in pharmaceutical research. In the field of pharmaceuticals, impurity has no precise meaning. Identification, structural elucidation, and quantitative determination of impurities and degradation products in bulk medicinal materials and pharmaceutical formulations are all included in impurity profiling. Since unrecognized, possibly poisonous impurities are dangerous to health and should be found and determined by selective procedures in order to increase the safety of drug therapy, impurity profiling has become more significant in contemporary pharmaceutical analysis. Impurities are typically described using words like residual solvents, byproducts, transformation products, degradation products, interaction products, and related products. Impurity identification is carried out using different chromatographic methods in addition to passing the CGMP, QC, QA, and water activity tests, a pharmaceutical ingredient also needs to satisfy the requirements for a new impurity. It is important to separate and characterize impurities in order to collect and evaluate data that determines biological safety, which emphasizes the need for and promise of drug impurity profiling in pharmaceutical research. To separate and measure the pollutants, a range of instrumental analytical techniques have been consistently used. The detection and regulatory evaluation of organic impurities is a very challenging task because to the numerous sources of organic impurities, including microbiological contamination, API breakdown products, and traces of intermediates.
Efficacy of Homoeopathic Treatment in Canine Leptospirosis: A Case Study
Authors: JP* Shimmal
Published: May 2024

Leptospirosis is a zoonotic bacterial disease with a worldwide distribution, besides an emerging infectious disease in humans and dogs. Disease in dogs caused primarily by Leptospira interregna’s and Leptospira kirschneri which results in illness of varying severity, depending on the infecting strain, geographical location, and host immune response. Some dogs display mild or no signs of disease, whereas others develop severe illness or death, often as a result of renal injury too. In general, it is suspected in dogs with signs of renal or hepatic failure, uveitis, pulmonary haemorrhage, acute febrile illness, or abortion. A case of Tommy appears with fever, sluggishness, dullness, weakness, loss of appetite and thirst more than 2 weeks. On laboratory examination the serum creatinine level was elevated. The dog was prescribed with Eel serum 30, Vesicaria Q, Veratrum album and followed by Cinchona. The dog bared with rapid improvement with reduced creatinine levels within 2 weeks. The study concludes by highlighting the effectiveness of individualized homeopathy in treating renal injury which could have resulted from canine leptospirosis. This suggests the consumption of Eel serum 30, Vesicaria Q, Veratrum album and followed by Cinchona, steered to significant improvement and completes resolution of the symptoms.