bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Government in Developing Entrepreneurship Activities in Palu City
Authors: Wahyuni Adda Harnida
Published: May 2023

This study aims to identify the role of government in developing entrepreneurship in Palu City. This study used a qualitative method as it can find and know the meaning of the problem under study. The population of this study was the Department of Cooperatives, Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises, and Manpower of Palu City. The determination of the sample used a purposive sampling method by considering the characteristics of the research sample, namely understanding the problems studied. Data were analyzed using interactive analysis. The results showed that the growth and development of entrepreneurship in Palu City increased, but the productivity was very low and vulnerable to the dynamics of the uncertain business environment due to natural and non-natural disasters in Palu City. Therefore, stakeholders, especially the Palu City Government have to consider providing assistance in the form of capital, education and training (both skills and management), and facilities and infrastructure to support business operations in this city.
Sözleşmenin Rızai Devri ile Amaçlanan Sonuçları Elde Etmek için Roma ve İslâm Hukukunda Kullanılan Hukuki Müesseseler
Authors: GÖKMEN Emrah
Published: May 2023

Borç ilişkisinin taraflarında değişiklik yapılması borç ilişkisini şahsi gören Roma hukukunun klasik dönem anlayışına ters olsa da İslâm hukukunda borçlunun değişimi havale akdiyle başlangıçtan itibaren uygulanmaktaydı. Roma hukukunda süreç içerisinde pratik ihtiyaçların da zorlamasıyla delegatio ve dava vekaleti gibi kurumlardan yararlanılarak borçlunun ve alacaklının değiştirilmesi sonucu elde edilmiştir. İslâm hukukunda da havale, zamanla alacaklının değiştirilmesi için kullanılmıştır. Her ne kadar bazı açılardan anlayış ve uygulama farklılığı bulunsa da hukuk düzenlerinin benzer ihtiyaçlara benzer çözümler ürettiği görülmektedir. Sözleşmenin rızaî devri bir tarafın değişmesi anlamındadır. Sözleşmede taraf değişikliğini açıklamak üzere kombinasyon ve birlik teorileri ileri sürülmüştür. Bunlardan hangisinin Roma hukukunda ve İslâm hukukunda sözleşmenin rızaî devri sonucunu elde etmeye yatkın olduğu tespit edilerek bir değerlendirmeye varılmalıdır. Bu çalışmada bu husus tespit edilmeye çalışılmaktadır.
Analysis of the Effect of Working Hours on Mental Workload Using the Subjective Workload Assessment Technique Method
Authors: Rahul Rahul , Hasibuan Yetti Meuthia , Walady Denny
Published: May 2023

This research contains a study of the effect of working hours on mental workload using the Subjective Workload Assessment Technique (SWAT) method. Workload is a consequence of activities given to workers, worker activities can basically be distinguished between physical activities and mental activities. In practice, the workload encountered is a combination of physical workload and mental workload. This study aims to measure mental workload at 10 work stations in the production section at PT Berlian Eka Sakti Tangguh. The SWAT method is a subjective mental workload measurement method based on workers' perceptions. The dimensions are time load, mental effort load and psychological pressure load. The results of the calculation of workload based on SWAT found that the workload category of workers in the production section is at a moderate and high level. The highest workload was experienced at the palm oil storage station (5 workers) at 83.71%. The lowest workload was experienced at the stewing station (3 workers) at 27.36%.
PENERAPAN ALGORITMA K-MEANS DALAM MENGATASI PERMASALAHAN SAMPAH (STUDI KASUS: POLA PERILAKU MASYARAKAT DALAM MEMBUANG SAMPAH)
Authors: Saptadi N. Tri Suswanto , Taga Vanessa Putri
Published: May 2023

Waste is discharged from a production process both industrial and domestic (household). According to the regulation number 18 of 2008 on waste management, it is mentioned that waste is the rest of the daily activities of humans or natural processes in the form of solid or semi-solid form of organic or inorganic substances. With the factors that cause damage to the environment because of waste, the Government of Makassar City with various shortcomings and challenges and obstacles experienced in handling the waste problem has also been fully aware of this. The local regulation on waste management of Makassar City, referring to the Regional Regulation of Makassar City Number 4 of 2011 on waste management. Classifying patterns of community behavior in disposing of waste to support the work program of the Makassar city government especially the Makassar Environmental Service to deal with waste management and environmental quality monitoring issues. This study aims to assist the Government of Makassar City in making programs to handle waste problems by applying K-Means Algorithm. The results of this study provide information on waste handling that takes place in the city of Makassar and reporting that helps and involves the Government and the City of Makassar's Office of Environment on the handling and management of solid waste regarding services and facilities that have been met.
Pemodelan Implementasi Business Intelligence pada Proses Evaluasi Kurikulum di Fakultas Teknologi Informasi Universitas Atma Jaya Makassar
Authors: Tayu Stacey Marchlyana , Elisabeth
Published: May 2023

One measure of the success of education in higher education so that it can compete with other universities and answer industry needs from time to time can be seen from the number and quality of alumni produced. Alumni play an important role not only as a tool to measure the ability to implement and the quality of their education programs, but alumni are also important as a source of input or feedback for improving the education system in the preparation of curriculum in universities. In curriculum development, evaluation is one of the important components and stages that must be taken by the teacher to determine the effectiveness of the curriculum. Evaluation is an integral part of the curriculum. Evaluation is part of the management system, namely planning, organization, implementation, monitoring and evaluation. This study aims to model an implementation of Business Intelligence at the Atma Jaya Makassar University Faculty of Information Technology (FTI UAJM). This is intended to help the FTI UAJM in the curriculum evaluation process to obtain learning objectives that can be used to improve the skills of students by processing existing data into valuable information. The results of this study are a modeling of the implementation of Business Intelligence to support the curriculum evaluation process Intelligence at the Atma Jaya Makassar University Faculty Of Information Technology (FTI UAJM).
Adequate standards of offloading for diabetic foot ulcers: a reflective case report of a patient with multimorbidity
Authors: Blanchette Virginie , Hains Sébastien , Martineau Luce
Published: May 2023

This case report is related to a 61-year-old man with multimorbidity presenting with a chronic diabetic foot ulcer treated in a sub-rural hospital. The patient was treated according to the standard of care supported by national guidelines including some advanced wound therapies, without result. The interdisciplinary team concluded that the wound could not heal because of the patient’s multiple comorbidities. However, against all expectations, the patient finally healed after a strict bed rest. This case emphasises the crucial role of offloading, patient adherence and its difficulty of assessment for wound care practitioners. This is a reflective case report that demonstrates commonly the use of expensive advanced wound care therapies without positive outcomes and then the need to come back to basic treatments. Reflective practice is an important part of evidence-based practice, and a case report is a good way to engage the process.
Sistemas Inteligentes para Desenvolvimento de Competências e Diagnóstico de pessoas com o Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo: Uma Revisão Sistemática da Literatura
Authors: Valentim Nathália Assis , Asnis Valéria Peres , Elias Nassim Chamel , Dorça Fabiano Azevedo
Published: May 2023

O Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo (TEA) é um tema que pode ser discutido em diversas áreas do conhecimento. Periódicos e conferências científicas importantes incluem temas relacionados ao TEA no seu âmbito de interesse. Neste contexto, a área de Inteligência Artificial (IA), com o seu crescimento rápido e a grande variedade de locais de disseminação, também tem abordado o TEA e o desenvolvimento de tecnologias, o que representa atualmente um desafio aos pesquisadores em manter o acompanhamento das novas descobertas e tendências nesta área. Nesta perspectiva, este trabalho coletou e analisou artigos de pesquisa que abordaram o TEA considerando aplicações de IA para o desenvolvimento de tecnologias no âmbito do treinamento educacional e comportamental, com o objetivo de detectar tendências, padrões, lacunas e oportunidades de pesquisa, proporcionando uma visão detalhada deste campo de pesquisa em um período de 6 anos. Adotou-se a abordagem de Revisão Sistemática da Literatura (RSL) como metodologia para responder importantes questões de pesquisa na área.
PID Cascade Controller Design for an Unstable System
Authors: Saad Mustafa
Published: May 2023

In control engineering, the control of an unstable system is very concerning. An example of an unstable system that uses control principles is a ball and beam balancer system. This system consists of a long beam attached to a motor at its midpoint. A steel ball moves on the top of the beam with an acceleration proportional to the beam angle. If the system is uncontrolled well, the steel ball may fall from the beam. This paper presents an approach to modeling and controlling the ball position for the ball and beam balancer system. Starting with a mathematical equation for the nonlinear system, the model of the system is produced. Then, it demonstrates the design of the PID cascade controller system to stabilize the system and regulate the ball to its reference position. The performance of the system was evaluated and tested for set-point tracking signal and disturbance rejection test. The simulation studies were done using Matlab Simulink and the results indicated that the proposed approach yields robust closed-loop performance.
PID Control for Nonlinear Processes
Authors: Adel Taieb , Bilel Kanzari , Abdelkader Chaari
Published: May 2023

This chapter presents a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy system controller that can be trained by the particle swarm optimization-cuckoo search (PSOCS) technique to control nonlinear multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems. Instead of the standard methods that are widely used in the literature, the PSOCS is used to adjust all of the PID parameters by the minimization of a given objective function. A nonlinear MIMO system has been selected to be controlled by this controller. The simulation results show the notable control accuracy and generalization ability of this MIMO controller. Finally, a comparative study with a PSO algorithm and CS algorithm shows the superiority of the PSOCS over these two optimization methods in terms of guaranteeing the desired performance.
Respiratory Support for Obstructive Syndromes
Authors: Gritsan Alexey
Published: May 2023

This chapter will present data on the biomechanics of respiration and gas exchange in acute respiratory failure of obstructive etiology. This chapter delineates main general principles of respiratory support, including non-invasive ventilation, and “traditional” mechanical ventilation. The principles of choosing positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) depending on the auto-PEEP are substantiated. The most commonly used respiratory support parameters for obstructive acute respiratory failure are presented. It is argued that the volume control (VC) ventilation modality is preferable in patients with asthma, since in this regimen positive inspiratory pressure (PIP) and inspiratory plateau pressure (Pplat) can be directly controlled, in contrast to the pressure control (PC) ventilation modality. The main options for selecting the ventilation mode will be presented.
Wind Catcher: A Lost Architectural Heritage with Timeless Passive Attributes
Authors: Khalid Asma , Dalilah Dahlan Nur
Published: May 2023

Wind Catcher is prominently known as a passive cooling device in buildings, especially in hot humid, and hot dry regions. In metropolitan cities of Pakistan, the wind catcher is seen as a lost heritage of the past. Campaigns to revive the wind catcher as a cooling and air displacement device are surfacing amongst the global communities. The chapter aims to address the social paradigm of wind catchers in the past and present and discusses its prospects for the highly polluted cities of Lahore and Karachi with a focus on the landscape. Using digital ethnography, the responses toward wind catchers in non-residential buildings were observed via blogs and videos. A total of 1386 nodes were coded from 54 sources in Nvivo for thematic classification based on a deductive approach of Past, Present, and Future. The chapter suggests the implication of wind catcher revival in the buildings of Lahore and Karachi as an effective wind ventilation solution for indoor air pollution, infiltration, thermal comfort, and cultural identity.
Applications of Pectinolytic Enzymes in Process Industries
Authors: Ur Rehman Haneef
Published: May 2023

The manufacturing of industrial important products by using enzyme technology is sustainable method and much to offer as compared to using chemical catalyst. The enzyme can manage the industrial preparation under mild reaction conditions using specific substrate. Enzyme uses shorter time, produces limited or no wastes and eco-friendly in nature. Pectinase complex enzyme system catalyzes the breakdown of pectin polymers. Pectinase is a generic term used for a group of enzymes that catalyzes the degradation of pectin substances by hydrolysis, trans-elimination, as well as, de-esterification reactions. Pectinase is produced from various organisms including bacteria, fungi, yeast, insects, protozoa and nematodes. Microorganism is usually used for industrial production of pectinase because of its easily growth and cost-effective downstream process. Pectinase has various applications in different industrial process such as fruit juice extraction, treatment of wastewater, papermaking, degumming of plant-based fibers, coffee and tea fermentation. This chapter describes the importance of pectinase and its application in different industrial process. Furthermore, it gives detail review about the pectinase and opportunities for the future research.
Pathophysiology of Respiratory Insufficiency
Authors: Mohammednoor Mohammed
Published: May 2023

This chapter will discuss the pathophysiology of the two types of respiratory failure type 1 and type 2, also known as hypoxic type and hypercapnic type respectively, which will help in understanding how respiratory diseases emerge. The next few pages will go through anatomy, physiology, and mechanisms of developing hypoxia and hypercapnia. This will be the fundamental of respiratory diseases. Diseases that can cause any type of respiratory failure will be mentioned without going into detail as it has a separate chapter. Hypoxia can be caused by V/Q mismatch, right-to-left shunt, and diffusion restriction. Hypoventilation can result in both hypoxic and/or hypercapnic types.
Identification of Potential miRNA-mRNA Regulatory Axis of Intrahepatic cccDNA in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection in the Grey Zone
Authors: Zhang Wen-Ting , Gómez Antonio Gil , Sánchez Macarena López , Sofia Pérez-Del-Pulgar , Gómez Manuel Romero , Gao Shuai-Shuai
Published: May 2023

Background: Intrahepatic covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) plays a critical role in the life cycle of the hepatitis B virus (HBV). Growing evidence suggests that microRNAs (miRNAs) may regulate cccDNA expression and contribute to the natural history of chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Objectives: This study aimed to investigate potential miRNA-mRNA regulatory axes of intrahepatic cccDNA in CHB-GZ patients and to identify new therapeutic targets. Methods: Thirteen CHB-GZ patients were included and divided into two groups based on cccDNA levels: Reference group (n = 7) with cccDNA < 1 copy/cell and control group (n = 6) with cccDNA ≥ 1 copy/cell. Transcriptome-wide miRNA and mRNA expression profiles in liver tissue were determined. Differentially expressed miRNAs (DE-miRNAs) and mRNAs (DE-mRNAs) were defined by |logFC| > log1.5 and P < 0.05. Enrichment analyses of gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways were performed. Candidate miRNA-mRNA interaction pairs were acquired from miRTarBase, and a miRNA-mRNA network was constructed using Cytoscape based on the Spearman correlation coefficient (r). Results: We identified 19 DE-miRNAs and 340 DE-mRNAs. The most enriched GO terms were related to biological processes that regulate the virus life cycle, viral process, and viral genome replication. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis suggested that these predicted targets were associated with hepatitis B. Finally, we found a high correlation between miR-4295 and ZNF224, which suggests that they may form a potential regulatory axis of intrahepatic cccDNA in CHB-GZ patients. Conclusions: Our study suggests that miR-4295 and ZNF224 may be the potential regulatory axis of intrahepatic cccDNA in patients with CHB-GZ.
Synthesis, Antioxidant, Cytotoxicity, Induce Apoptosis Investigation and Docking Study of New Halogenated Dihydropyrano[3,2-b]Chromene-3-Carbonitrile Derivatives on MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Line
Authors: Eslaminejad Touba , Faghih Mirzaei Ehsan , Abaszadeh Mehdi
Published: May 2023

Background: Chromene derivatives showed numerous biological activities. In the current study, the antioxidant, cytotoxicity, and apoptosis properties of halogenated dihydropyrano[3,2-b]chromene-3-carbonitrile derivatives (HDCCD) on MCF-7 cell line have been examined. Objectives: This study's principal point was synthesizing new halogenated pyranochromene derivatives and assessing their cytotoxic effects and apoptosis potential on MCF-7 breast cancer cell line by flow cytometry. Methods: Initially, 6-chloro- and 6-bromo-3-hydroxychromone compounds were prepared. In the next step, a series of HDCCD were synthesized by a one-pot three-component reaction of these two compounds, aromatic aldehydes, and malononitrile, in the presence of triethylamine in EtOH at reflux conditions. These compounds were fully characterized by standard spectroscopic techniques (IR, 1H, and 13C NMR) and elemental analyses. The potential of the antioxidant activity was determined by using ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP). 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were used to evaluate metabolic activity. The nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) biomarkers of the exposed cells were evaluated on the cells and their supernatant. To quantify apoptotic death of MCF-7 breast cancer cells treated by the compounds at their IC50 concentrations, Annexin V-FITC apoptosis detection kit was utilized. Molecular docking of compounds (6a-j) into the Cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (PDB code: 4EZ5) was carried out, and the probable binding mode of compounds 6e and 6j was determined. Results: A dose-response relationship was seen in all the compounds. Most of them induced cytotoxic effects on the cells. Nitrite concentration of the culture media of the cells was decreased compared to the control. Malondialdehyde levels of the cells were below the range of the control by the addition of 6b, 6d, 6e, 6f, and 6g compounds on the cells, while the addition of the 6a, 6c, 6h, 6i, and 6j compounds increased the MDA level compared to the control. Flow cytometric analysis showed that most of the exposed cells were in the early and late apoptotic stage, and a few of them were in the necrotic stage. Conclusions: It could be concluded that HDCCD (6a-j) was toxic and caused death in the cells by apoptosis. The compounds have lipophilic characteristics, so they can easily pass the cell membrane. As confirmed by LDH results, it can be concluded that the cytotoxicity is connected with apoptosis rather than necrosis, endorsed by flowcytometry analysis afterward.
An evaluation of an online rater training program for the speaking and writing sub-tests of the Aptis test
Authors:   University of Melbourne, Knoch Ute , Fairbairn Judith ,   British Council, Huisman Annemiek ,   University of Melbourne
Published: May 2023

Many large scale proficiency assessments that use human raters as part of their scoring procedures struggle with the realities of being able to offer regular face-to-face rater training workshops for new raters in different locations in the world. A number of these testing agencies have therefore introduced online rater training systems in order to access raters in a larger number of locations as well as from different contexts. Potential raters have more flexibility to complete the training in their own time and at their own pace. This paper describes the collaborative evaluation of a new online rater training module developed for a large scale international language assessment. The longitudinal evaluation focussed on two key points in the development process of the new program. The first, involving scrutiny of the online program, took place when the site was close to completion and the second, an empirical evaluation, followed the training of the first trial cohort of raters. The main purpose of this paper is to detail some of the complexities of completing such an evaluation within the operational demands of rolling out a new system and to comment on the advantages of the collaborative nature of such a project.
Evaluating the relative effectiveness of online and face-to-face training for new writing raters
Authors:   University of Melbourne, Knoch Ute , Fairbairn Judith ,   British Council, Myford Carol ,   University of Illinois at Chicago, Huisman Annemiek ,   University of Melbourne
Published: May 2023

Training writing raters in large-scale tests is commonly conducted face-to-face but bringing raters together for training is difficult and expensive. For this reason, more and more testing agencies are exploring technological advances with the aim of providing training online. A number of studies have examined whether online rater training is a feasible alternative to face-to-face training.This mixed methods study compared two groups of new raters, one trained online using an online training platform and the other trained using the conventional face-to-face rater training procedures. Raters who passed accreditation were also compared in the reliability of their subsequent operational ratings. The findings show that no significant differences between the rating behaviour of the two groups were identified on the writing test. The qualitative data also showed that, in general, the raters enjoyed both modes of training and felt generally sufficiently trained although some specific problems were encountered. Results on the operational ratings in the first five months after completing the training showed no significant differences between the two training groups. The paper concludes with some implications for training raters in online environments and sets out a possible programme for further research.
Influence Online Learning During a Pandemic at the Understanding Level of Mathematics Lessons Elementary Students
Authors: Sindu Arif Rizai  , Moh. zainudin  , Eka Nurjanah
Published: May 2023

Covid-19 pandemic that happened at the start 2019 gives _ outside impact _ common to all sector . it _ impact on activities learn finally _ done online (online). Mathematics is long lessons _ This feared by students , though so online learning has effect positive and negative . In implementation this online learning there is Lots problems encountered in the field . Study This use method study qualitative with study history and studies case . Studies case conducted on students of SDN Selorejo 1 District Kawedanan Regency Magetan . In the 1st semester of the year teaching 2022/2023. Objective study This is For know influence online learning against level understanding lesson mathematics in students school basic . Many problems encountered _ in online learning mainly in lessons math , fine from student internal factors nor factor external student . Basically _ what the teacher conveys in online learning , no Can accepted completely by students .
Pelaksanaan Problem Based Learning (PBL) pada Pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam di SMA Negeri 9 Mukomuko
Authors: Meriska Ega , Muliati Indah
Published: May 2023

This study aims to find out how the implementation of Problem Based Learning (PBL) in Islamic Religious Education lessons at SMAN 9 Mukomuko. The subjects of this study were students of class X IPS at SMAN 9 Mukomuko, and the informants of this study were teachers of Islamic Religious Education at SMAN 9 Mukomuko. The method chosen in this study is a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. The results of this study are that in implementing teacher learning using 5 syntax or Problem Based Learning (PBL) steps, namely student orientation, identifying and organizing students, guiding individual and group investigations, developing and preparing works, and analyzing and evaluating processes. solution to problem. The teacher prepares a learning implementation plan (RPP) at each meeting and learning media, textbooks, Al-Qur'an, internet, and other references.
Makna Dhiya dan Nur dalam Qur’an Surah Yunus: 5 Menurut Tafsir Zubdatut Tafsir Min Fathil Qadir
Authors: Rambe Putri Chairani
Published: May 2023

This research is entitled The Meaning of Dhiya and Nur in the Qur'an Surah Yunus Verse 5 According to Tafsir Zubdatut Tafsir Min Fathil Qadhir. Dhiya and Nur are celestial bodies that have extraordinary uniqueness and benefits for life in the world. The sun in the Qur'an is called the word ash-Sham, which is symbolized as dhiya' and siraj. Both have the same meaning, namely that they both explain that the source of the sun's energy comes from itself and the light that emerges from the sun functions as a shadow light. The purpose of this research is to find out the meaning of dhiya and nur in the Qur'an surah Yunus verse 5 according to Tafsir Zubdatut Tafsir Min Fathil Qadir. As well as knowing how the meaning of dhiya and nur is in terms of theoretical language and its relation to the verses of the Qur'an. In this study using qualitative methods, the type is library research (library research), namely efforts to obtain data in the literature. Namely studying books related to existing problems with the discussion discussed in this thesis. Based on data analysis research, this study uses the interpretation approach theory. The interpretation research approach is the science of understanding the Book of Allah revealed to the Prophet of Allah. In this case the authors classify sources into two categories, namely primary sources and secondary sources. The results of this study are; That in the Qur'an surah Yunus verse 5 explains that Allah mentions the sun and the moon with different names. In this verse, the sun is called dhiya and the moon is called nur.)
Organizational Influences on Student Newspapers: A Survey of Newspapers of ACEJMC Programs
Authors: Bickham Shaniece B. , Shin Jae-Hwa
Published: May 2023

Surveys of student editors, faculty advisers and academic affairs administrators of journalism and mass communication programs accredited by the Accrediting Council on Education in Journalism in Mass Communication suggest that influences at the organizational level do have an impact on the content of student newspapers. The findings show that student editors were more likely to self-censor content when they did not have primary control of the newspapers. Significant differences were found to exist between the perceptions of student editors, faculty advisers, and academic affairs administrators in relation to influences on content and their relationship to censorship issues. Student editors were the only group who reported perceiving censorship as a problem. However, the survey results also showed that most public institutions had official governing rules and were not experiencing censorship issues.
Framing Airline Mergers
Authors: Craig Clay , Bichard Shannon
Published: May 2023

The merger and acquisition process is usually examined with little attention addressing newspaper portrayals of the situation. A content analysis of 503 articles discussing the 2008 Delta/Northwest Airlines merger from the Star Tribune and Atlanta Journal-Constitution over a 21-month period was performed in order to detect framing differences. The application of social identity theory was used to examine the prominent framing variations based on in-group and out- group coverage of the merger. As expected, the newspapers focused more dominantly on the in- group airline when covering the merger and varied slightly in their framing techniques.
The Role of Image Body Size, Race, and Familiarity on Subsequent Evaluations of the Self
Authors: Northup Temple
Published: May 2023

Past research examining the content of media programming has shown women in the media tend to conform to certain beauty and body standards, with the dominant standard being one of “thinness.” Because this thin ideal is so well-documented, there has been an interest in examining the effects of those portrayals on media consumers. Previous research has demonstrated the media can play an important role in causing body dissatisfaction among women. This research builds upon prior studies by conducting an experiment exploring the interaction among image familiarity (the image was of a female celebrity or unknown model), body size (the female was thin or overweight), and race (the female was White or Black) and how those three items could affect participant body satisfaction. Unlike most prior research, the sample was diverse, allowing analysis examining any differences related to participant gender or race. Results suggest there were, indeed, different psychological effects based upon the size, familiarity, and race of the female image viewed, and the effects differed by race. Unlike previous research, there were no differences between genders. Implications from these results are discussed.
London, Lyrics, & Louis Vuitton: A Cross-Cultural Content Analysis of Product Placement in Popular Music
Authors: Clay Craig , Bichard Shannon
Published: May 2023

The search for alternative forms of advertising corresponds with the proliferation of traditional advertising clutter. One method that has seen an increase in exploration is product placement. Though commonly applied to visual media, this study examines this practice in song lyrics (i.e. lyrical product placement). The current study seeks to add a cross-cultural dimension by evaluating the use of lyrical product placement in the top 100 songs from the U.S., Europe, and Japan from 2010 (N = 300). Findings indicate regional differences in lyrical product placement and thus opportunities for diversification in the use of lyrical product placement across regions.
Comparative Advertising of Services
Authors: Beard Fred
Published: May 2023

A review of the research devoted to services advertising and comparative advertising revealed few studies on the comparative advertising of services. The research findings reported here confirm that services advertisers in the U.S. frequently employ comparative television advertising and that there has likely been an increase in its use since the 1970s. Other findings such as the difference in frequency of use by services versus product advertisers, the extent to which services advertisers include substantiation in their commercials, and the extent to which comparative advertising is used by the advertisers of different types of services—are also reported. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed, as are recommendations for future research.
Terror from the Skies: The Propaganda of Aerial Warfare in the Emerging Mass Media of the First World War
Authors: Christie Thomas B. , Clark Andrew M.
Published: May 2023

Aerial warfare was developed and used in the First World War to terrorize soldiers and population centers, and modern mass media played a dominant role in spreading the fear of the new innovation of war to a global audience. This view of the propagandistic value of aerial warfare played a major role in combat strategies and tactics of the war as military and political leaders began to utilize psychological operations. This paper explores the historical context of this era in light of the emerging broadcast media of the day. The study concludes with observations of the characteristics of this new ‘terror propaganda,’ the use of which continues today.
“God’s Objective Truth, As Far As We Know It”: Journalism Ideology At An Evangelical News Magazine
Authors: Ferman David A.
Published: May 2023

Ideology has been a major topic of journalism research for the past several decades. This ethnographic study looks at the underlying ideology of a major evangelical publication, the bimonthly WORLD magazine. Thirteen staff members were interviewed, and a year’s worth of content was analyzed, to find the overarching beliefs that inform the magazine’s reporters and editors, and the work that they produce. The results indicate that the journalists’ ideology can be organized into seven major themes, and that the journalists see themselves as humbly doing God’s work while being persecuted in a largely secular, liberal society as part of the “culture wars” in American life. At the same time, the journalists were found to only loosely apply the “biblical objectivity” concept that the magazine’s editor, Dr. Marvin Olasky, considers so essential to evangelical journalism. This study provides unique and previously unavailable information on several topics within the study of journalism, newsroom ideology, and evangelical Americans, and represents the first study of evangelical Christian journalists to combine interviews with textual analysis to look at the ideology that shapes their perspectives, motivations, and routines, and the content they produce.
Citizen Framing of Ferguson in 2015: Visual Representations on Twitter and Facebook
Authors: Tait Gabriel B. , Moody-Ramirez Mia N. , Fears Lillie M. , Smith Ceeon Q. , Randle Brenda A.
Published: May 2023

Using a critical race lens and framing theory, this exploratory study of visual representations on Twitter and Facebook explores the cultural narratives citizens used in their framing of the Ferguson riots in the aftermath of Michael Brown’s death in 2014. Findings indicate citizens posted photographs, texts, and videos to characterize the incident both positively and negatively using various frames and cultural narratives.
Direct to Consumer (DTC) pharmaceutical advertising recall: The role of involvement
Authors: Fosu Ignatius
Published: May 2023

The effect of different amounts of risk information in DTC ads on recall was examined in an experiment. Three versions of DTC ads, containing different amounts of risk information were developed based on FDA guidelines and shown to participants in a 3 x 3 between group design. Participants’ unaided recall of ad information suggest a main effect of ad version on recall, with the ads that have moderate amount of risk information eliciting the most recall of risk information. The moderating role of involvement was inconclusive. Since the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) eased restrictions on Direct to Consumer (DTC) advertising of prescription drugs in the 1980s, the debate regarding appropriate risk disclosures that would enable consumers make accurate assessment of drugs continues. At the core is what risk disclosure formats lead to adequate recall of risk information. This paper explores the role of involvement in recall of risk disclosures in print ads containing varying amounts of risk information. This exploratory study uses experimental methodology and helps provide preliminary insights into this important issue. Findings from this study could serve as a basis for developing larger studies to examine this issue in more depth to reach actionable conclusions that would inform policy recommendations on what level of risk disclosure should be encouraged to achieve the desired levels of risk information recall.
Effects of Brand Feedback to Negative eWOM on Attitude Toward the Product
Authors: Bhandari Manu , Rodgers Shelly
Published: May 2023

Brands often provide a response, or brand feedback, to negative online reviews or electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM). The current research investigates whether brand feedback to negative eWOM by reviewers can impact information processing of visiting consumers who read the negative eWOM to make a purchase decision, particularly on the consumers’ attitude toward the featured product. Results from a 2 (Brand Feedback: Present/Absent) X 2 (Products: Laptop/TV) between-subjects experiment show the presence of brand feedback may have implications for consumers’ information processing online. Although the effects found were not very strong, the findings nevertheless did give some indications brand feedback to negative eWOM can affect consumer’s attitude toward the featured product. The study tends to support the usefulness of a dynamic (two or multi-way information flow between reviewers, brands, other consumers) rather than static (one-way information flow from reviewers to others) conceptualization of eWOM that allows for brands’ participation.
Coverage of Poverty by a Nonprofit News Outlet: A Comparative Study
Authors: Yousuf Mohammad
Published: May 2023

Using the theoretical framework of communitarian ethics, this study compared poverty coverage by a nonprofit news organization done over a four-year period with coverage the organization did in a cooperative project with a journalism school focused on video interviews in neighborhoods. The qualitative analysis found both commonalities and substantial differences in topics. Both provided social context, but in different ways, and the new project did more to focus on the voices of residents themselves.
“A Punch Straight for the Heart”: Disparaging Political Cartoons and Ethical Guidelines
Authors: Ashfaq Ayesha , Russomanno Joseph
Published: May 2023

The field of political cartooning is an important element of editorial commentary in mass media worldwide. The content of cartoons, however, is sometimes disparaging, offensive and hateful toward members of “out groups,” whether defined according to race, ethnicity or religious beliefs. As this article illustrates, this disparagement can have serious and unfortunate outcomes – from protest that turns violent – even deadly – to the alienation of those disparaged. This is particularly concerning in an age when media content may be viewed across cultural and national boundaries within moments of its publication. It is important to recognize the absence of cross-cultural sensitivity that often contributes to these situations. This article seeks to identify the ethical dilemmas in disparaging political cartoons by analyzing theoretical perspectives in both humor and ethics. Approaching these dilemmas from a global perspective, the article proposes a multi-point set of ethical guidelines, while also acknowledging the tension between free speech/press and the recommendation that cartoonists, editors and media organizations selfimpose standards that, in effect, can limit their freedom. Particularly given that the primary organization promoting the interests of the U.S. political cartoonists – the Association of American Editorial Cartoonists – does not have a code of ethics, it is suggested that the guidelines proposed herein are especially appropriate for consideration. Ultimately, as with any code of ethics, the hope is that this one leads to a product that better respects multiple perspectives worldwide.
DTCA and physician-patient interactions: The role of need-for-cognition and involvement.
Authors: Fosu Ignatius
Published: May 2023

Direct-to-Consumer Advertising (DTCA) of prescription drugs leads to an increase in physician visits and initiated conversations about advertised drugs, with some patients asking doctors to prescribe the advertised drugs. However, it is largely unknown what types of patients engage in such behavior. To help address this issue, this study examined the role of involvement and need for cognition in talking to doctors and asking them to prescribe drugs in DTCA. Need-for-cognition and involvement were assessed with standardized scales and their impact on these behaviors as well as general responses to DTCA was assessed. Using FDA guidelines, print ads for three fictitious drugs were designed with the help of a professional graphic designer. Measures taken include attitude toward the ad, brand interest, purchase intention, and participants' behavior in relation to DTCA. Findings suggest that high involvement individuals were more likely to talk to doctors and ask them to prescribe DTCA drugs. An interaction effect of need-for-cognition and involvement impacted attitude toward the ad and purchase intention. Also, brand interest influenced both talking to doctors and asking doctors to prescribe. Patients who talk to doctors about DTCA drugs were more likely to ask them to prescribe the drugs. Based on the findings, recommendations were made for DTC advertisers. The findings from this study provide a basis for further exploring DTCA induced behavior.
Girls of the Gunosphere
Authors: Gilpin Dawn R. , Thornton Leslie-Jean
Published: May 2023

We selected five representative images of young (infant to pre-teen) girls from a corpus of over 20,000 images posted to Instagram with hashtags related to guns and gun culture. These images served as a springboard for in-depth visual and vernacular analysis, to explore manifestations of girlhood in online gun culture. By combining images, text, technical affordances such as up to 30 hashtags per post with no character limit, and social networking and community building, Instagram offers a rich and as yet understudied platform for cultural analysis. Our analyses permitted an original exploration of notions of empowerment and agency as conceived at the intersection of a distinct subculture and the constraints of social media. Girls—or, more commonly, their parents—in the online “gunosphere” explore their identities within a contested space characterized by themes of traditional femininity, family values, safe environments, education and socialization, and commodification. These findings point to larger themes within US gun culture, which inhabits a unique intersection between consumer culture/marketing logics, affective historic/patriotic themes, political lobby and social movement, strongly characterized by masculinist notions of power that square uneasily with nuanced approaches to gender.
Service Learning Plus Social Learning: Preparing Future Journalists Through a Collaborative Project
Authors: Yousuf Mohammad , Craig David
Published: May 2023

This study examined how a collaborative project involving students, faculty and a nonprofit news organization in Oklahoma on coverage of community problems enhanced students' understanding of communities and professional practices. It applied a theoretical framework that combines two pedagogical approaches—service learning and social learning—to analyze the case. In-depth interviews were conducted with 11 project participants including students, professors and journalists. The findings suggest that service learning in journalism succeeds when students get the opportunity of social learning and work with professional journalists.
Análise Espacial da Pobreza: uma aplicação para o estado da Bahia, Brasil
Authors: Fabrício Fabrício Ferreira Caetano Santos , Mônica Mônica de Moura Pires , Ticiana Ticiana Grecco Zanon Moura
Published: May 2023

Apesar da melhora significativa nos indicadores de pobreza no Brasil e no mundo, ela ainda é um problema persistente no país, principalmente no estado da Bahia. Diante disso, buscou-se analisar os determinantes da pobreza na Bahia e sua distribuição territorial nos anos censitários 1991 e 2010. Utilizando técnicas de econometria espacial, aplicou-se o modelo Spatial Durbin (SDM), estimando os efeitos diretos e indiretos do fenômeno. Os resultados confirmaram que efeitos espaciais condicionam a pobreza nos municípios baianos, sendo os de maior impacto o Índice de Gini e a taxa de analfabetismo.
O overtourism é inimigo das comunidades anfitriãs? A influência das características geodemográficas dos residentes na sua perceção em relação ao turismo
Authors: Rodrigues Rosa , Estêvão João Vaz , Palrão Teresa
Published: May 2023

A gentrificação está entre as consequências negativas mais comuns que um crescimento turístico rápido e descontrolado origina. Este estudo analisa a influência dos traços geodemográficos dos residentes nas suas perceções do turismo em Lisboa. Por conseguinte, foram realizados três estudos: (i) um estudo exploratório analisado das propriedades psicométricas do instrumento utilizado para a recolha de dados; (ii) um estudo confirmatório validou os resultados da Análise dos Fatores Exploratórios; (iii) análise de como as perceções dos residentes em relação ao turismo são influenciadas pela concentração das empresas locais de alojamento e pela duração da residência em cada freguesia. Os resultados sugerem que apesar da crescente pressão turística, os participantes têm uma opinião globalmente positiva em relação ao turismo, considerando-o um catalisador do desenvolvimento comunitário e da qualidade de vida das suas paróquias, devido aos seus impactos económicos positivos.
O Ecossistema Empreendedor nos Municípios Portugueses: A Ação do Poder Local no Incentivo à Atividade Empreendedora
Authors: Subtil Inês , Palma Patrícia , Gonçalves Sónia , Velez Maria
Published: May 2023

O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar um diagnóstico do ecossistema empreendedor dos municípios portugueses com vista a compreender de que forma é que o ecossistema empreendedor local tem promovido o desenvolvimento de negócios. Metodologicamente, a investigação recorreu a uma abordagem qualitativa, através de entrevistas com os responsáveis pelo empreendedorismo de onze municípios portugueses. Com recurso à análise temática foi possível propor um modelo do Ecossistema Empreendedor dos Municípios Portugueses. Os resultados evidenciam que o Poder Local é fundamental para a criação de Ecossistemas Empreendedores, sendo os responsáveis pela Governance Local e pela prestação de Suporte aos agentes deste Ecossistema, bem como pela criação de redes de cooperação, especialmente entre o sector público, privado e as universidades que são basilares para o desenvolvimento deste tipo Ecossistemas.
Commentary on language variables found within lone actor terrorist manifestos and the directions for future research
Authors: Siggery Alice , Hunt Daniel , Tzani Calli
Published: May 2023

Investigating lone actor terrorism presents many challenges, not only in the discourse surrounding the appropriate terminology to use when discussing the phenomenon, but also within counter terrorism investigations and identifying perpetrators. With identifying lone actor terrorists online seen as a needle in a haystack, research needs to identify new ways to investigate lone actor terrorism. The creation of a manifesto by a lone actor terrorist provides researchers with the opportunity to analyse criminal narratives within terrorism. Previous research has used surface methods such as computer software to analyse manifestos, however, a deeper psychological analysis is needed to overcome some of the issues generated with automated software. Current literature on language within lone actor manifestos is discussed and examines some of the currently identified commonalities in language between manifestos. Areas for future research to develop are also discussed indicating how future research could be used to investigate lone actor terrorism through the implementation of a language variable dictionary.