bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cultivating New Opportunities: Tribal Government Gaming on the Pechanga Reservation
Authors: Contreras Kate Spilde
Published: October 2006

This case study of Indian gaming’s genesis and development on the Pechanga Reservation highlights profound changes made possible by a coordinated strategy of nation building and economic development in Indian Country. It also highlights the profound influence of coordinating intertribal political and economic initiatives. Examining one tribe’s particular experience with Indian gaming provides insight into the ways federal and state policies actually “play out” at the tribal level. Economic and institutional development at Pechanga has resulted in rapid and profound changes in the quality of life on the reservation. Today, the Pechanga government’s gaming and resort revenues have allowed the tribe to effectively eliminate its reliance on other governments and create opportunities that benefit the entire region. The results are a sense of independence and self-determination among Pechanga citizens and productive and mutually supportive relations with surrounding communities where once there was very little positive interaction between the tribe and its neighbors.
Organizational Commitment of Teachers in Urban Schools
Authors: Dee Jay R. , Henkin Alan B. , Singleton Carole A.
Published: October 2006

This study examines the effects of four team-based structures on the organizational commitment of elementary teachers in an urban school district. The study model focuses on organizational commitment and includes three intervening, endogenous variables: teacher empowerment, school communication, and work autonomy. Team teaching had both direct and indirect effects on commitment to the school. Curriculum teamwork, governance teamwork, and community-relations teamwork each contributed indirectly to higher levels of teacher commitment. Research results suggest the need for organizational designs and procedures that reinforce teacher identification with and involvement in the school organization.
Dissecting the role of endothelial SURVIVIN ΔEx3 in angiogenesis
Authors: Caldas Hugo , Fangusaro Jason R. , Boué Daniel R. , Holloway Michael P. , Altura Rachel A.
Published: October 2006

The identification of alternative splice variants of Survivin that possess distinct functions from those originally identified for the main Survivin isoform has greatly increased the complexity of our understanding of the role of Survivin in different cells. Previous functional studies of the Survivin splice variants have been performed almost exclusively in cancer cells. However, Survivin has increasingly been implicated in other normal physiologic and pathophysiologic processes, including angiogenesis. In this study, we dissect the involvement of Survivin ΔEx3 in angiogenesis. We show by confocal microscopy that a pool of endothelial Survivin ΔEx3 is localized to membrane ruffles. We also demonstrate that Survivin ΔEx3 is the Survivin splice variant responsible for modulating angiogenesis in vitro, in tube formation assays, and in vivo, in an in vivo angiogenesis assay. Our data indicate that Survivin ΔEx3 may regulate angiogenesis via several mechanisms including cell invasion, migration, and Rac1 activation. Our findings identify a novel pathway regulating angiogenesis through Survivin ΔEx3 and a novel mechanism for Rac1 activation during angiogenesis. In conclusion, our results provide new insights into the regulation of endothelial cell homeostasis and angiogenesis by the Survivin proteins.
Comparative single-institute analysis of cord blood transplantation from unrelated donors with bone marrow or peripheral blood stem-cell transplants from related donors in adult patients with hematologic malignancies after myeloablative conditioning regimen
Authors: Takahashi Satoshi , Ooi Jun , Tomonari Akira , Konuma Takaaki , Tsukada Nobuhiro , Oiwa-Monna Maki , Fukuno Kenji , Uchiyama Michihiro , Takasugi Kashiya , Iseki Tohru , Tojo Arinobu , Yamaguchi Takuhiro , Asano Shigetaka
Published: October 2006

We studied the clinical outcomes of 171 adults with hematologic malignancies who received unrelated cord blood transplantation (CBT) as a primary unrelated stem-cell source (n = 100), or bone marrow transplant (BMT) or peripheral blood stem-cell transplant (PBSCT) from related donors (n = 71, 55 BMT and 16 PBSCT). All patients received myeloablative regimens including 12 Gy total body irradiation. We analyzed the hematologic recovery, and risks of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), transplantation-related mortality (TRM) and relapse, and disease-free survival (DFS) using Cox proportional hazards models. Significant delays in engraftment occurred after cord blood transplantation; however, overall engraftment rates were almost the same for both grafts. The cumulative incidences of grades III to IV acute and extensive-type chronic GVHDs among CBT recipients were significantly lower than those among BMT/PBSCT recipients. Multivariate analysis demonstrated no apparent differences in TRM (9% in CBT and 13% in BMT/PBSCT recipients), relapse (17% in CBT and 26% in BMT/PBSCT recipients), and DFS (70% in CBT and 60% in BMT/PBSCT recipients) between both groups. These data suggest that unrelated cord blood could be as safe and effective a stem-cell source as related bone marrow or mobilized peripheral blood for adult patients when it is used as a primary unrelated stem-cell source.
The hypomorphic Gata1low mutation alters the proliferation/differentiation potential of the common megakaryocytic-erythroid progenitor
Authors: Ghinassi Barbara , Sanchez Massimo , Martelli Fabrizio , Amabile Giovanni , Vannucchi Alessandro Maria , Migliaccio Giovanni , Orkin Stuart H. , Migliaccio Anna Rita
Published: October 2006

Recent evidence suggests that mutations in the Gata1 gene may alter the proliferation/differentiation potential of hemopoietic progenitors. By single-cell cloning and sequential replating experiments of prospectively isolated progenitor cells, we demonstrate here that the hypomorphic Gata1low mutation increases the proliferation potential of a unique class of progenitor cells, similar in phenotype to adult common erythroid/megakaryocytic progenitors (MEPs), but with the “unique” capacity to generate erythroblasts, megakaryocytes, and mast cells in vitro. Conversely, progenitor cells phenotypically similar to mast cell progenitors (MCPs) are not detectable in the marrow from these mutants. At the single-cell level, about 11% of Gata1low progenitor cells, including MEPs, generate cells that will continue to proliferate in cultures for up to 4 months. In agreement with these results, trilineage (erythroid, megakaryocytic, and mastocytic) cell lines are consistently isolated from bone marrow and spleen cells of Gata1low mice. These results confirm the crucial role played by Gata1 in hematopoietic commitment and identify, as a new target for the Gata1 action, the restriction point at which common myeloid progenitors become either MEPs or MCPs.
Interleukin-1β-Induced Insulin Resistance in Adipocytes through Down-Regulation of Insulin Receptor Substrate-1 Expression
Authors: Jager Jennifer , Grémeaux Thierry , Cormont Mireille , Le Marchand-Brustel Yannick , Tanti Jean-François
Published: October 2006

Inflammation is associated with obesity and insulin resistance. Proinflammatory cytokines produced by adipose tissue in obesity could alter insulin signaling and action. Recent studies have shown a relationship between IL-1β level and metabolic syndrome or type 2 diabetes. However, the ability of IL-1β to alter insulin signaling and action remains to be explored. We demonstrated that IL-1β slightly increased Glut 1 translocation and basal glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Importantly, we found that prolonged IL-1β treatment reduced the insulin-induced glucose uptake, whereas an acute treatment had no effect. Chronic treatment with IL-1β slightly decreased the expression of Glut 4 and markedly inhibited its translocation to the plasma membrane in response to insulin. This inhibitory effect was due to a decrease in the amount of insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 but not IRS-2 expression in both 3T3-L1 and human adipocytes. The decrease in IRS-1 amount resulted in a reduction in its tyrosine phosphorylation and the alteration of insulin-induced protein kinase B activation and AS160 phosphorylation. Pharmacological inhibition of ERK totally inhibited IL-1β-induced down-regulation of IRS-1 mRNA. Moreover, IRS-1 protein expression and insulin-induced protein kinase B activation, AS160 phosphorylation, and Glut 4 translocation were partially recovered after treatment with the ERK inhibitor. These results demonstrate that IL-1β reduces IRS-1 expression at a transcriptional level through a mechanism that is ERK dependent and at a posttranscriptional level independently of ERK activation. By targeting IRS-1, IL-1β is capable of impairing insulin signaling and action, and could thus participate in concert with other cytokines, in the development of insulin resistance in adipocytes.
A Novel Mutation in the Bone Morphogenetic Protein 15 Gene Causing Defective Protein Secretion Is Associated with Both Increased Ovulation Rate and Sterility in Lacaune Sheep
Authors: Bodin Loys , Di Pasquale Elisa , Fabre Stéphane , Bontoux Martine , Monget Philippe , Persani Luca , Mulsant Philippe
Published: October 2006

Genetic mutations with major effects on ovulation rate and litter size in sheep were recently identified in three genes belonging to the TGFβ superfamily pathway: the bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15, also known as GDF9b), growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9), and BMP receptor type IB (also known as activin-like kinase 6). Homozygous BMP15 or GDF9 mutations raise female sterility due to a failure of normal ovarian follicle development, whereas heterozygous animals for BMP15 or GDF9 as well as heterozygous and homozygous animals for BMP receptor type IB show increased ovulation rates. In the present work, a new naturally occurring mutation in the BMP15 gene in the high prolific Lacaune sheep breed is described. The identified variant is a C53Y missense nonconservative substitution leading to the aminoacidic change of a cysteine with a tyrosine in the mature peptide of the protein. As for other mutations found in the same gene, this is associated with an increased ovulation rate and sterility in heterozygous and homozygous animals, respectively. Further in vitro studies showed that the C53Y mutation was responsible for the impairment of the maturation process of the BMP15 protein, resulting in a defective secretion of both the precursor and mature peptide. Overall, our findings confirm the essential role of the BMP15 factor in the ovarian folliculogenesis and control of ovulation rate in sheep.
The Inhibitory Effect of Leptin on Angiotensin II-Induced Vasoconstriction in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Is Mediated via a Nitric Oxide-Dependent Mechanism
Authors: Rodríguez Amaia , Fortuño Ana , Gómez-Ambrosi Javier , Zalba Guillermo , Díez Javier , Frühbeck Gema
Published: October 2006

Leptin inhibits the contractile response induced by angiotensin (Ang) II in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) of the aorta. We studied in vitro and ex vivo the role of nitric oxide (NO) in the effect of leptin on the Ang II-induced vasoconstriction of the aorta of 10-wk-old Wistar rats. NO and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity were assessed by the Griess and 3H-arginine/citrulline conversion assays, respectively. Stimulation of inducible NOS (iNOS) as well as Janus kinases/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathways were determined by Western blot. The contractile responses to Ang II were evaluated in endothelium-denuded aortic rings using the organ bath system. Changes in intracellular Ca2+ were measured in VSMCs using fura-2 fluorescence. Leptin significantly (P ≤ 0.01) stimulated NO release and NOS activity in VSMCs. Leptin’s effect on NO was abolished by the NOS inhibitor, NG-monomethyl l-arginine, or the iNOS selective inhibitor l-N6-(1-iminoethyl)-lysine. Accordingly, leptin increased iNOS protein expression, with a comparable time course with that of NO production and NOS activity. Leptin also significantly increased STAT3 (P ≤ 0.01) and Akt (P ≤ 0.001) phosphorylation. Moreover, either the JAK2 inhibitor, AG490, or the PI3K inhibitor, wortmannin, significantly (P ≤ 0.05) abrogated the leptin-induced increase in iNOS protein. Finally, both NG-monomethyl l-arginine and l-N6-(1-iminoethyl)-lysine inhibitors completely blunted (P ≤ 0.001) the leptin-mediated inhibition of the Ang II-induced VSMC activation and vasoconstriction. These findings suggest that the endothelium-independent depressor action of leptin is mediated by an increase of NO bioavailability in VSMCs. This process requires the up-regulation of iNOS through mechanisms involving JAK2/STAT3 and PI3K/Akt pathways.
The Use of in Vitro Peptide Binding Profiles and in Silico Ligand-Receptor Interaction Profiles to Describe Ligand-Induced Conformations of the Retinoid X Receptor α Ligand-Binding Domain
Authors: Folkertsma Simon , van Noort Paula I. , de Heer Arnold , Carati Peter , Brandt Ralph , Visser Arie , Vriend Gerrit , de Vlieg Jacob
Published: October 2006

It is hypothesized that different ligand-induced conformational changes can explain the different interactions of nuclear receptors with regulatory proteins, resulting in specific biological activities. Understanding the mechanism of how ligands regulate cofactor interaction facilitates drug design. To investigate these ligand-induced conformational changes at the surface of proteins, we performed a time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer assay with 52 different cofactor peptides measuring the ligand-induced cofactor recruitment to the retinoid X receptor-α (RXRα) in the presence of 11 compounds. Simultaneously we analyzed the binding modes of these compounds by molecular docking. An automated method converted the complex three-dimensional data of ligand-protein interactions into two-dimensional fingerprints, the so-called ligand-receptor interaction profiles. For a subset of compounds the conformational changes at the surface, as measured by peptide recruitment, correlate well with the calculated binding modes, suggesting that clustering of ligand-receptor interaction profiles is a very useful tool to discriminate compounds that may induce different conformations and possibly different effects in a cellular environment. In addition, we successfully combined ligand-receptor interaction profiles and peptide recruitment data to reveal structural elements that are possibly involved in the ligand-induced conformations. Interestingly, we could predict a possible binding mode of LG100754, a homodimer antagonist that showed no effect on peptide recruitment. Finally, the extensive analysis of the peptide recruitment profiles provided novel insight in the potential cellular effect of the compound; for the first time, we showed that in addition to the induction of coactivator peptide binding, all well-known RXRα agonists also induce binding of corepressor peptides to RXRα.
Positive-Ion Fragmentation in Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Tandem Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry of Synthetic Analogs of the O-Specific Polysaccharide of Vibrio Cholerae O:1.
Authors: Kováčik Vladimír , Bekešová Slávka , Pätoprstý Vladimír , Řehulka Pavel , Chmelík Josef , Kováč Pavol
Published: October 2006

Saccharides (mono- to hexamers) that mimic the terminal epitopes of O-antigens of Vibrio cholerae O:1, serotypes Ogawa and Inaba have been studied by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization tandem time-of-flight (MALDI ToF/ToF) mass spectrometry (MS). Cationized adducts are the characteristic ions formed through the capture of sodium or potassium cations under MALDI MS conditions. Three characteristic pathways dominate in the fragmentation of model substances under MALDI ToF/ToF collision-induced dissociation MS/MS conditions of measurement. The first is the elimination which shortens the length of the oligosaccharide. In this way, conversion of the Ogawa to Inaba fragments takes place under the conditions of measurement. In the second, the conjugated transfer of electrons in the upstream unit of oligosaccharides takes place. The third route brings about the elimination of one α-hydroxy-γ-butyrolactone molecule from the 4-(3-deoxy-L- glycero-tetronamido) group. The MALDI ToF/ToF MS/MS provided sufficient information about molecular mass, the number of saccharide residues, the structure of saccharides, the C(4)- amide of 3-deoxy-L- glycero-tetronic acid (DGT) of the compounds investigated and allows Ogawa and Inaba serotypes to be distinguished.
Letter: On the Retrosynthetic Process of Some 2-Pyridinecarboxamides in Electrospray Ionisation Conditions
Authors: Stella Laura , Massaccesi Franco , Cotarca Livius , Traldi Pietro
Published: October 2006

The occurrence of retrosynthetic processes, usually observed in electron ionisation conditions, can be considered of interest, giving information on possible new synthetic routes. Generally, retrosynthesis is typical of odd electron ion species, but in the present case it has been observed for electrospray (ESI)-generated [MH]+ species of 2-pyridinecarboxamides. In fact, either in the ESI spectrum or in the MS/MS spectrum of [MH]+ species, a primary water loss is observed, giving rise to the molecular ion of the corresponding imidazolines, employed as synthons for the title compounds. The breakdown curves related to this water loss have been determined, indicating that this process is more favoured for the bromine-containing molecules.
Impact of Small Chemistry Variations in Plate and Weld Filler Metal on the Corrosion Performance of Ni-Cr-Mo Alloys2
Authors: Fix DV , Rebak RB
Published: October 2006

The ASTM standard B 575 provides the requirements for the chemical composition of Nickel-Chromium-Molybdenum (Ni-Cr-Mo) alloys such as Alloy 22 (N06022) and Alloy 686 (N06686). The compositions of each element are given in a range. For example, the content of Mo is specified from 12.5 to 14.5 weight percent for Alloy 22 and from 15.0 to 17.0 weight percent for Alloy 686. It is important to determine how the corrosion rate of welded plates of Alloy 22 using Alloy 686 weld filler metal would change if heats of these alloys were prepared using several variations in the composition of the elements even though still in the range specified in B 575. Seven heats of plate were welded with seven heats of wire. Immersion corrosion tests were conducted in a boiling solution of sulfuric acid plus ferric sulfate (ASTM G28 A) using both as-welded (ASW) coupons and solution heat-treated (SHT) coupons. Results show that, for practical purposes, the corrosion rate was not affected by the chemistry of the materials in the range specified in the standard B 575.
Measuring Stress Strain Curves to Large Strains on Sheet Metal
Authors: Bacha A , Feuerstein M , Desrayaud C , Klöcker H
Published: October 2006

The stress-strain response of aluminium sheet has been determined by a novel plane strain compression test on laminated samples up to equivalent strains of 1.2. The test sample is composed of several sheet layers glued together, machined to shape, and then compressed in a lubricated channel die along the “thin” directions. This simple test has been validated by a comparison of finite element simulations and experimental results. The stress-strain curves can be considered accurate up to strains of 1.2.
The Social Construction of Prophecy in The Family International
Authors: Shepherd Gordon , Shepherd Gary
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACT: Based primarily on interviews with the current co-leaders of The Family International, its World Services administrative staff, and supplemented with observational visits to Family Homes worldwide, this paper addresses the basic question in Rodney Stark's theory of revelations: How do revelations occur? Contrary to both Stark's and Max Weber's theoretical propositions regarding the curtailment of revelation in prophetic religions that become institutionalized after the departure of charismatic founders, current Family leaders have greatly increased their reliance on verbatim revelations through multiple channels to guide and justify the group's controversial beliefs and practices. We contrast the conventional single mode of obtaining occasional revelations (or "prophecies") by Family founder, David Berg, with the novel way in which a constant stream of official, published Family prophecies are now socially constructed. Throughout our description of this process we focus on its consequences for routinization of charisma via greater member participation, democratic decision-making, and internal consensusbuilding. At the same time this process contributes to the maintenance of external, sectarian barriers.
Psychopathologies and the Attribution of Charisma: A Critical Introduction to the Psychology of Charisma and the Explanation of Violence in New Religious Movements
Authors: Dawson Lorne L.
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACT: Charismatic authority is widely held to be a defining mark of new religious movements (NRMs). It is also thought to play a crucial role in the onset of violence in some NRMs. We have begun to understand both the psychological and the social structural dynamices of this mode of leadership and how, under specific social conditions, it contributes to a dangerous cycle of deviance amplification. This paper presents a synthetic and critical analysis of several different theories of the charismatic bond. The central concern is why people attribute charisma to some leaders, and hence grant them special authority over their lives. The theories examined help to explain why charismatic relationships form, but they do not allow us to differentiate sufficiently between benign and potentially dangerous types of charismatic bonds, let alone how one may become the other. Scholars of NRMs need to take a closer look at the observable social psychological processes that prompt the attribution of charisma to a leader. A better grasp of these processes, it is argued, would help us understand how the mismanagement of charismatic authority has led some religious groups to see violence as an appropriate response to their concerns.
Jewish Yoga: Experiencing Flexible, Sacred, and Jewish Bodies
Authors: Rothenberg Celia
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACT: This article delineates and explores three distinctive, although frequently overlapping forms of "Jewish yoga": Judaicized yoga, Hebrew yoga, and Torah yoga. Each of these is an evolving system of mental, spiritual, and physical experiences based both on yogic practices and on a variety of Jewish teachings as interpreted by different Jewish yoga teachers. To contextualize the development and spread of all types of Jewish yoga, I begin by briefly discussing the Jewish Renewal Movement and hatha yoga in North America today. Then, one example of a Judaicized yoga class is explored through interviews and participant observation with a small group of dedicated students in western Canada. These students work to extend the meaning of the female religious body beyond the halachically observant to one that is "flexible," sacred, and Jewish. Finally, conceptualizations of Hebrew and Torah yoga are outlined by drawing on the perspectives of key practitioners and their writings.
Enhanced Yield of Neuroepithelial Precursors and Midbrain-Like Dopaminergic Neurons from Human Embryonic Stem Cells Using the Bone Morphogenic Protein Antagonist Noggin
Authors: Sonntag Kai-Christian , Pruszak Jan , Yoshizaki Takahito , van Arensbergen Joris , Sanchez-Pernaute Rosario , Isacson Ole
Published: October 2006

It is currently not known whether dopamine (DA) neurons derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) can survive in vivo and alleviate symptoms in models of Parkinson disease (PD). Here, we report the use of Noggin (a bone morphogenic protein antagonist) to induce neuroectodermal cell development and increase the yield of DA neurons from hESCs. A combination of stromal-derived inducing activity and Noggin markedly enhanced the generation of neuroepithelial progenitors that could give rise to DA neurons. In addition, Noggin diminished the occurrence of a fibroblast-like Nestin-positive precursor population that differentiated into myocytes. After transplantation of differentiated hESCs to a rodent model of PD, some grafts contained human midbrain-like DA neurons. This protocol demonstrates hESC derivation and survival of human DA neurons appropriate for cell therapy in PD.
Statistical optimisation and durability characteristics of bridge deck overlay concrete
Authors: Won J.-P. , Seo J.-M. , Park C.-G. , Kim J.-H.
Published: October 2006

The deterioration of bridge deck pavement appears to be inevitable and is attributable to both the environment and to traffic density and loading. In particular, the intrusion of chlorides or other corrosive solutions can cause corrosion in the reinforcing bars, consequently deteriorating the bridge deck pavement. The current study investigated the optimum mix proportions of mineral admixture concrete for bridge deck overlays. The basic mix proportion was determined using the Box–Behnken design technique, which is a response surface method. The optimum mix proportions were then calculated using a response surface analysis based on a statistical optimisation method. The present study also evaluated the durability performance of the optimum bridge deck overlay mixture. The mixture proved to be highly resistant to chloride intrusion, abrasion, and freeze–thaw deterioration, and it is expected to provide superior long-term service with minimal maintenance.
Richter's laws at the laboratory scale interpreted by acoustic emission
Authors: Carpinteri A. , Lacidogna G. , Pugno N.
Published: October 2006

In the present work the acoustic emission (AE) technique is applied to examine some aspects influencing concrete failure in compression. By monitoring a structure by means of the AE technique, it proves possible to detect the occurrence of stress-induced cracks. Cracking, in fact, is accompanied by the emission of elastic waves that propagate within the bulk of the material. These waves can be received and recorded by transducers applied to the surface of the structural elements. This technique can be used for diagnosing structural damage phenomena. The current paper presents a mixed experimental and theoretical approach to evaluate the energy density dissipated during compression at each value of strain. Through this method, the two semi-empirical Gutenberg–Richter (GR) laws, well-known in seismology, are verified, the fractal interpretation results of which are very close to the essence of the AE phenomenon. Furthermore, the mentioned approach allows the parameter of ‘magnitude’ to be identified, appearing in the laws, with the number of oscillations larger than a given threshold measured in volts. Finally, the developed concepts are applied to the study of the compression phenomenon. In particular, by this approach, it is possible to distinguish between the energy progressively dissipated or stored in a compressed structural element.
The history of television and radio in continuing education
Authors: Purdy Leslie N.
Published: October 2006

The exciting and diverse history of telecommunications for continuing education covers sixty years of work by educators, broadcasters, the federal government, and foundations.
Courses by newspaper: No longer an experiment
Authors: Colburn George A.
Published: October 2006

Newspapers can help deliver continuing education programs, as demonstrated by this pioneering effort.
Television experiences in other nations
Authors: Cory Genevieve H.
Published: October 2006

From worldwide experience are distilled the educational and broadcasting components to understand the politics, purposes, problems, and potentials of instructional television for adults.
Responsive teaching in adult basic education
Authors: Ulmer Curtis
Published: October 2006

Successful adult basic education teachers encourage participants to continue with their education as well as help them gain content mastery.
Critical decision making for more effective learning
Authors: Irish Gladys H.
Published: October 2006

Teachers of adults become decision makers when, as leaders of a learning group, they make decision about objectives, the learning experience, and group relationships.
From assessment to implementation
Authors: Veres Helen C.
Published: October 2006

Gathering information is futile without implementation of programs based on the findings.
Components of a major needs assessment study
Authors: Barbulesco Carolyn Watanabe
Published: October 2006

Operational considerations can guide the development and influence the effectiveness of needs assessment studies.
Continuing education and the hard‐to‐reach adult
Authors: Darkenwald Gordon G.
Published: October 2006

To effectively serve hard‐to‐reach adults, we must understand who they are, why they should be served, and what barriers impede their participation.
Overcoming barriers to communication
Authors: Larson Gordon A.
Published: October 2006

Reaching the hard‐to‐reach is ultimately a matter of communication. As viewed here, communication is a means of motivating participation and providing new methods of instruction.
Reaching the least educated adult
Authors: Irish Gladys H.
Published: October 2006

Only 2.2 percent of the least educated and lowest‐income adults participate in educational programs, yet these programs may offer the best hope for upgrading their earning power and integrating them into productive social and economic roles in the community.
Overcoming the age bias in continuing education
Authors: Spencer Barbara
Published: October 2006

A review of research and practice with strategies for increasing the participation of older adults in continuing education.
What we know about reaching hard‐to‐reach adults
Authors: Darkenwald Gordon G. , Larson Gordon A.
Published: October 2006

Who are hard‐to‐reach adults? Why are they hard to reach? And what can we do to reach them?
Strengthening collegiate faculty rewards for continuing education
Authors: Hanna Donald E.
Published: October 2006

Continuing Education will never be a central university mission until integrated into the primary faculty reward system.
Strengthening continuing education in community colleges
Authors: Gollattscheck James F.
Published: October 2006

Community colleges share with more traditional collegiate institutions the need for stimulating continuing education.
Strengthening public school support for continuing education
Authors: Beder Hal
Published: October 2006

Since public school system sponsor continuing education by choice, any strategy to build support must be pragmatic, realistic, and flexible.
A final note to continuing educators working as change agents
Authors: Votruba James C.
Published: October 2006

If organizational support for continuing education is to grow, someone must take the responsibility for making it happen.
Diversity by demand
Authors: Brenner Ruth J.
Published: October 2006

A three‐dimensional approach to counseling services resulted in significant increases in adult learner participation in educational opportunities.
Counseling services for adults in the public schools
Authors: Disilvestro Frank R. , Williams Mary Grcich
Published: October 2006

When public school funds are limited, how do we provide adequate counseling for adult learners?
Community development as a university outreach function
Authors: Anderson Robert C. , Gendell Nancy
Published: October 2006

Universities have two components: The inner component includes teaching and research; the outer component reaches beyond the campus to serve the educational needs of groups, organizations, and social institutions.
Informal adult learning and public policy issues: The study circle approach
Authors: Osborne Karen Quallo
Published: October 2006

Low cost, effective, accessible citizen education is essential for informed voting and community self‐sufficiency. Study circles can provide that and more.
Helping communities through continuing education
Authors: Stubblefield Harold W.
Published: October 2006

Educative organizations have responsibility for equipping citizens with proficiencies to identify and solve community problems.
Project management and operation
Authors: Willett Lynn H.
Published: October 2006

There are no promises, only premises to float with, words, words, generated and disseminated, collated and bound; versions of ways to get, ways to receive, money from the feds, forms for the state (Mindell, 1980).
Contracting
Authors: Adams Frank G.
Published: October 2006

Contracting is an untapped resource for continuing education administrators in which competition is vigorous but the financial rewards are worthwhile.
Issues in educational programming for older adults
Authors: Peterson David A. , Orgren Rosemary A.
Published: October 2006

Continued growth of educational programming for older people will depend on the decisions which are made regarding several issues facing the field.
Reflections on programs for older adults
Authors: Okun Morris A.
Published: October 2006

Following an overview of the fledgling field of continuing education for older adults, several challenges and recommendations to practitioners are offered.
Continuing education administration: A Juggler's task
Authors: Farrell Carolyn
Published: October 2006

The word juggle indicates the tension inherent in limited resources and heavy time constraints. It also hints of the tension between theory and practice‐knowing and doing.
Slide sets: Development and selection for use in teaching adults
Authors: Miller David J.
Published: October 2006

A fexible, versatile teaching tool, slide sets can be an effective and creative part of teaching with attention to a few basic principles.
Materials for nontraditional study and the natural learning of adults
Authors: Wedemeyer Charles A.
Published: October 2006

If we are indeed on the threshold of becoming a learning society, the preparation and selection of materials that will encourage successful learning through the lifespan is of unusual importance.
Educational materials development and use with self‐directed learners
Authors: Rydell Susan T.
Published: October 2006

Self‐directed learning is almost universal. Characteristics of self‐directed learning have to be considered in developing educational materials that can meet the needs of adult learners.
Adapting materials use to physical and psychological changes in older learners
Authors: Charles Don C.
Published: October 2006

Aging is accompanied by changes in receiving, processing, and responding to information and thus requires special considerations for effective materials use.
Evaluating educational materials
Authors: Holloway Richard L.
Published: October 2006

In the evaluation of materials, the type of medium is much less important than the characteristics of the medium and of the learners who use it.
How educators and trainers can ensure on‐the‐job performance
Authors: Grabowski Stanley M.
Published: October 2006

Experience‐tested techniques, wed in conjunction with motivation, can produce efective and eflcient job pcrfomnce.
Change strategies used by a proprietary school: The dale carnegie organization
Authors: Mackey Paul J.
Published: October 2006

Proprietary schools are educating more and more pcople every year. The Dale Carnegie organirationk course is an example of some new mpects of adult education.
Effective occupational programs at technical and community colleges
Authors: Corbett James J.
Published: October 2006

Two‐year institutions use extensive local confads to provide realisfic educational experiences organized around behavioral objectives.
Continuing education for women
Authors: O'Neill Sallie B. , Spellman Elizabeth Krown
Published: October 2006

All manner of ingenuity needs to be applied to make educational opportunities available to women in all walks of life across both economic and human dimensions.
Developmental issues and tasks of young adulthood
Authors: Merriam Sharan B.
Published: October 2006

The issues and tasks that distinguish young adulthood from other periods of the life span have significant implications for continuing education.
High school equivalency preparation for recent dropouts
Authors: Smith Franceska B.
Published: October 2006

For young adults aged seventeen through twenty‐one, the developmental challenges particular to their age cohort are intensified by high school dropout status and require the emphatic attention of continuing educators.
Developing young managers
Authors: Greenstein Pearl
Published: October 2006

Business and industry use a variety of approaches to develop effective young managers. However, the needs of organizations and young managers are not always congruent.
Collaboration in university continuing professional education
Authors: Cervero Ronald M.
Published: October 2006

At the University of Illinois at Chicago, collaboration is the primary strategy for developing continuing professional education programs in the health care arena.
Who's in control? A case study of university‐industry collaboration
Authors: Fingeret Arlene
Published: October 2006

“The power company was really looking for a product, and the university was looking for a relationship.”.
Formative evaluation of program goals and purposes
Authors: Brown Helen W.
Published: October 2006

Failure to evaluate the goals of a program may lead to unanticipated negative effects that could have been prevented.
Including educationally deprived adults in the planning of literacy programs
Authors: Ilsley Paul J.
Published: October 2006

Literacy programs can be centers of learning for those who reside outside the mainstream of the dominant culture.
The adult learner: Central to the planning‐learning process
Authors: Rosenblum Sandra H.
Published: October 2006

Educators must begin to relinquish exclusive control over the learning situation and encourage autonomy in learners.
Problems and setbacks, and strategies for avoiding them
Authors: Ratcliff Sandra A.
Published: October 2006

If Murphy's Law has applicability anywhere, it is in conference planning.
Maximizing the conference experience for first‐time participants
Authors: Meyer Susan
Published: October 2006

Students and newcomers must consider how to become part of the professional community while still developing an understanding of the profession.
Quality learning through residential conferences
Authors: Collins Michael
Published: October 2006

If large conferences are too hectic to allow for effective learning, try residential conferences.
Tapping the potential: Learning and development of community volunteers
Authors: Rossing Boyd E.
Published: October 2006

Volunteering prouides an overlooked but powerful source of learning that can be instructive to stuff deuelopers in all organizations.
Training through video teleconferencing: A corporate case study
Authors: Shatzer Linda
Published: October 2006

Corporations, using alternate delivery systems for training, can meet the need for timely and cost‐effective professional development.
A contextual framework for continuing education
Authors: Jarvis Peter
Published: October 2006

This chapter outlines the provision of adult education in the United Kingdom and enters briefly into a conceptual discussion about the meaning of the term.
Continuing education and social policy
Authors: Griffin Colin
Published: October 2006

The dismantling of social welfare functions has reduced liberal adult education to a residual role, while continuing education increasingly reflects a manpower‐planning model of social policy addressed to the needs of the economy.
Continuing education in universities and polytechnics
Authors: Todd Frankie
Published: October 2006

Shifts in continuing education suggest major role changes for British universities and polytechnics‐but will the potential be achieved, and in what form?.
The future of continuing education
Authors: Jarvis Peter
Published: October 2006

This chapter examines the plight of general education and concludes with a model of society and the place of education within it which appear to underlie the thoughts of the policy makers.
Some implications for continuing education in north america
Authors: Jarvis Peter
Published: October 2006

This chapter seeks to draw together some of the points raised in the preceding chapters that might haue some relevance to the North American scene.
Perceptual patterns and the learning environment: Confronting white racism
Authors: Colin Scipio A. J. , Preciphs Trudie Kibbe
Published: October 2006

“The problem of the twentieth century is the problem of color‐line” (Dubois, 1969, p. 36).
Three underdeveloped models for adult learning
Authors: Hiemstra Roger
Published: October 2006

Three adult learning theories or models that have not been adequately researched are described and analyzed in terms of their potential for increasing our knowledge of adult learning.
The contribution of critical theory to our understanding of adult learning
Authors: Welton Michael R.
Published: October 2006

Jürgen Habermas's works help us to think imaginatively about knowledge, learnining, and the human condition. Many adult educators draw on his ideas to provide them with and ideal standard for their education practice and a deep understanding of the cardinal purpose of the adult education vocation.
The adult educator as consultant: Options, rewards, and promises
Authors: Vernon Sally , Zachary Lois J.
Published: October 2006

The nature of adult education consulting work fosters practices that are not only rich in options, rewards, and promises but also personally and professionally reinvigorating.
Cognitive apprenticeship approach to helping adults learn
Authors: Brandt Barbara Legrand , Farmer James A. , Buckmaster Annette
Published: October 2006

Adult learners are confronting learning situations that require new ways of thinking and new approaches to problem solving. Adult and continuing educators can draw on cognitive learning theory to cope with these uncertain learning situations.
Identifying and dealing with educational, social, and political issues
Authors: Heaney Thomas W.
Published: October 2006

A historic reflection on the role of adult education in focusing on issues as a prelude to informed, democratic decision making is juxtaposed to a more dominant instrumental and corporate view of the field.
Characteristics of adult learners and foundations of experiential learning
Authors: Caffarella Rosemary S. , Barnett Bruce G.
Published: October 2006

The knowledge bases of adult and experiential learning are viewed as complementary to fully understanding how the functional elements of the experiential learning model presented in this volume were constructed.
A new era for action technologies: A look at the issues
Authors: Brooks Ann , Watkins Karen E.
Published: October 2006

In this chapter, we explore the historical roots and current trends that have led to an increasing use of action technologies to enhance adult learning and facilitate organizational and social change.
Popular education: Building from experience
Authors: Torres Carlos Alberto , Fischman Gustavo
Published: October 2006

A basic framework for popular education is elaborated as an emerging action technology and pedagogical alternative. This framework is based on the key ideas of Paulo Freire's works and illustrated by two experiences at the grassroots level.
Sitting beside herself: Self‐assessment and women's adult development
Authors: Taylor Kathleen
Published: October 2006

Self‐assessment leads to greater awareness of one's meaning‐making methodology and, hence, more complex meaning.
The benefits of mentoring
Authors: Schulz Susan E
Published: October 2006

There are primary developmental benefits of mentoring for adult learners, and the contribution of the mentoring model can be illustrated through practical examples.
The undergraduate curriculum and distance education
Authors: Miller Gary E.
Published: October 2006

Distance education is a powerful force for changing the undergraduate curriculum.
Distance learning resources for distance educators
Authors: Weaver Sherrill
Published: October 2006

This chapter identifies on‐line pathways that make finding new courses, recent publications, on‐going discussions of issues, and other resources more effective and efficient for the distance educator.
Information technologies and workplace learning
Authors: Roth Gene L.
Published: October 2006

Information technologies are important tools that augment individual, team, and organizational learning. Recent developments will permit information technologies to enhance the relationship between work and learning.
Counteracting power relationships when planning environmental education
Authors: McDonald Barbara
Published: October 2006

Low‐income and minority communities are often denied opportunities to help design environmental education programs relevant to their environmental experience and needs. As the weaker partner in government‐initiated programs, community activists often struggle to find their voice in the planning process.
Collective action by women in community‐based program planning
Authors: Scott Sue M. , Schmitt‐Boshnick Margo
Published: October 2006

This case study of a women's collective in Canada provides a context for discussing conflicting interests and ethical dilemmas as planners work in community‐based programs.
Prisons as communities: Needs and challenges
Authors: James Waynne Blue , Witte James E. , Tal‐Mason David
Published: October 2006

An overview of correctional education in terms of its setting, problems, and successes reveals both commonalities and differences for educators of inmates to consider.
Transforming groups: Developing practitioner inquiry communities
Authors: Drennon Cassandra , Foucar‐Szocki Diane L.
Published: October 2006

A framework for transforming existing practitioner groups into inquiry communities is presented. Development occurs across the dimensions of intention, order, community, and voice.
Summing up: Themes and issues related to learning in groups
Authors: Imel Susan
Published: October 2006

Common themes and issues emerging from discussions of learning in groups in the previous chapters are identified.
Individuals who learn create organizations that learn
Authors: Marsick Victoria J. , Neaman Peter G.
Published: October 2006

The lukasa, an African mnemonic device, illustrates the way in which individual meaning making enables adults to interpret and shape organizational meaning making.
Über ein Tetrathia‐anthrachinon
Authors: Fickentscher K.
Published: October 2006

Das Dinatrium‐Salz des cis‐1,2‐Dimercapto‐1,2‐dicyan‐äthens reagiert mit Chloranil in Dimethylformamid/Eisessig zum symmetrischen 1,4,5,8‐Tetrahydro‐1,4,5,8‐tetrathia‐2,3,6,7‐tetracyan‐anthrahydrochinon. Die Verbindung zeigt monotrope Dimorphie und läßt sich mit Salpetersäure/Eisessig zum Chinon oxydieren. Aus diesem werden bei Behandlung mit Hydrogenperoxid/Eisessig unter Bildung des entsprechenden Dithiophen‐Derivates 2 Schwefel‐Atome eliminiert.