bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Full‐waveform inversion as a tool to predict fault zone acoustic properties
Authors: Alghuraybi Ahmed M. , Bell Rebecca E. , Jackson Christopher A.‐L. , Sim Melissa , Jin Shuhan
Published: August 2024

Understanding the physical properties of fault zones is essential for various subsurface applications, including carbon capture and geologic storage, geothermal energy and seismic hazard assessment. Although three‐dimensional seismic reflection data can image the geometries of faults in the sub‐surface, it does not provide any direct information on the physical properties of fault zones. We currently cannot use seismic reflection data to infer directly which faults may be leaking or sealing and are reliant instead on shale‐gauge ratio type calculations, which are fraught with uncertainties. In this paper, we propose that full‐waveform inversion P‐wave velocity models can be used to extract information on fault zone acoustic properties directly, which may be a proxy for subsurface fault transmissibility. In this study, we use high‐quality post‐stack depth–migrated seismic reflection and full‐waveform inversion velocity data to investigate the characteristics of fault zones in the Samson Dome in the SW Barents Sea. We analyse the variance attribute of the post‐stack depth migrated and full‐waveform inversion volumes, revealing linear features that consistently appear in both datasets. These features correspond to locations of rapid velocity changes and seismic trace distortions, which we interpret as faults. These observations demonstrate the capability of full‐waveform inversion to recover fault zone velocity structures. Our findings also reveal the natural heterogeneity and complexity of fault zones, with varying P‐wave velocity anomalies within the studied fault network and along individual faults. Our results indicate a correlation between P‐wave velocity anomalies within fault zones and the modern‐day stress orientation. Faults with high P‐wave velocity are the ones that are perpendicular to the present‐day maximum horizontal stress orientation and are likely under compression. Faults with lower P‐wave velocity are the ones more parallel to the present‐day maximum horizontal stress orientation and are likely in extension. We propose that these P‐wave velocity anomalies may indicate differences in how ‘open’ and fluid filled the fault zones are (i.e. faults in extension are more open, more fluid filled and have lower VP) and therefore may provide a promising proxy for fault transmissibility.
Scrolling and hyperlinks: The effects of two prevalent digital features on children's digital reading comprehension
Authors: Krenca Klaudia , Taylor Emily , Deacon S. Hélène
Published: August 2024

Background

This study examined how children's ability to understand what they read on screens is impacted by two specific digital features: hovering hyperlinks and scrolling.

Methods

The participants were 75 English‐speaking children (M = 9.90 years, SD = 0.90 years) in Grades 3 to 5 who participated in an online research study. Using a within‐participants design, children read standardised passages from the Gates–MacGinitie Reading Tests (MacGinitie et al., 2000) and answered multiple‐choice comprehension questions. In one condition, passages were presented without digital features referred to as the clicking condition; in another, children had to scroll to navigate through the passages, in a third, there were hyperlinks that provided a word definition when a participant hovered their cursor over a blue and underlined word, and a final condition included both scrolling and hyperlinks.

Results

As expected, there was a significant main effect of grade on children's ability to understand what they read, with better performance for children in Grade 5 than 3. Critically, there was a significant main effect of condition on children's performance on the reading comprehension questions, with higher scores for the condition with no digital features compared with the conditions with hovering hyperlinks and both scrolling and hovering hyperlinks. Performance was similar between the clicking and scrolling conditions. There was no significant interaction between grade and condition, showing consistency in effects across the upper elementary school years.

Conclusions

These findings could inform the optimal design of digital texts by identifying digital features that do and do not interfere with reading comprehension, with hyperlinks providing word level information interfering and scrolling having no negative impacts.
Targeting Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence Algorithms in Health Care to Reduce Bias and Improve Population Health
Authors: HURD THELMA C. , COBB PAYTON FAY , HOOD DARRYL B.
Published: August 2024

Policy Points

Artificial intelligence (AI) is disruptively innovating health care and surpassing our ability to define its boundaries and roles in health care and regulate its application in legal and ethical ways. Significant progress has been made in governance in the United States and the European Union.

It is incumbent on developers, end users, the public, providers, health care systems, and policymakers to collaboratively ensure that we adopt a national AI health strategy that realizes the Quintuple Aim; minimizes race‐based medicine; prioritizes transparency, equity, and algorithmic vigilance; and integrates the patient and community voices throughout all aspects of AI development and deployment.
Migratory outcomes across localities and generations in Kupang, Indonesia
Authors: Akhmad Fandi , Utomo Ariane , Dressler Wolfram
Published: August 2024

This study explores the outcomes of internal migration in Indonesia, specifically focusing on the intersecting themes of ethnicity, informality, and entrepreneurial migration. We examine how Javanese migrants perceive the benefits and challenges of their migration and subsequent engagement in the informal sector as self‐employed migrants/small business owners in and around Kupang’s traditional markets. We use a sequential mixed‐methods approach (a household survey with a structured interview [n=344] and in‐depth/semi‐structured interviews [n=28] in 2020). Drawing on Hein de Haas’s framework on the internal dynamics of migration, we explore the multifaceted outcomes of entrepreneurial migration beyond the economic consequences addressed in similar studies. The perceived positive impacts of this migration include sufficient income to cover daily needs and children’s education, as well as new remittances and employment opportunities for communities in Java and Kupang. However, these broadly empowering trends were set against the experience of those migrants who, because of less informal sector labour experience, could not easily negotiate their settlement in a new host environment, leading to varied adverse consequences. Ultimately, then, the article highlights the importance of social networks, knowledge, and reciprocity in supporting the successful establishment of entrepreneurial migrants in emerging destinations.
Scottish Trade With Spain in the 1770s: The Progress of Carron Company and the Growth of Spanish Naval Power
Authors: Amenedo‐Costa Mónica
Published: August 2024

The establishment of a Royal Naval Dockyard in Ferrol (Spain) favoured engagement in international activities and hence the development of useful connections with other European cities and towns. This article examines trade links between Scotland and Spain through the port of Ferrol during the 1770s, with particular emphasis on the British press and on Scottish customs accounts. Both data sources were used to address three research questions. First, what were the policies and mechanisms of this trade? Second, how important was this trade in terms of the industrial needs of Spain? Third, did this trade have any effect on economic development? The findings provide insight into Scottish industrial history and the relationship between the economy and political spheres during periods of war. They also reveal historical narratives that shed light on the supply of weaponry to Ferrol and the customs administration related to this trade.
Impaired Epithelial CD200L Tolerance Signaling in Irritable Bowel Syndrome Cases With Diarrhea May Be Associated With Recurrent Miscarriages
Authors: Clark David A. , Moayyedi Paul
Published: August 2024

Problem

There is a higher incidence of irritable bowel syndrome with miscarriages, and recurrent miscarriages of otherwise normal embryos have been linked to subnormal expression of the immune checkpoint inhibitor CD200L. We sought to determine if alterations in the expression of the CD200 immune checkpoint inhibitor occur in colonic tissue in IBS‐D patients.

Method of Study

Quantitative immunohistochemical staining of biopsies from proximal and distal colon or rectum for the inhibitory CD200L and CD200S molecules was done. CD56 cells were also enumerated as they play a role in recurrent miscarriages and may express CD200S.

Results

CD200L was decreased and CD200S was unchanged in epithelium but not stroma of 3 IBS‐D cases. One case had an increase in both CD200L and CD200S. CD56 cells were also stained for CD200S. Degranulation was assessed by the percentage of extracellular CD200S that was increased as epithelial CD200L decreased.

Conclusions

This pilot study was promising and warrants a larger sample to determine if a correlation between uterine implantation site CD200L and CD200S expression in normal and failing implantation sites is needed. Colonic epithelial CD200L may then provide useful information about the pathogenesis of the spontaneous miscarriage in individual cases.
Characterization of Inflammation/Immune‐, Acute Phase‐, Extracellular Matrix‐, Adhesion‐, and Serine Protease‐Related Proteins in the Amniotic Fluid of Women With Early Preterm Prelabor Rupture of Membranes
Authors: Kim Hyeon Ji , Lee Kyong‐No , Park Kyo Hoon , Choi Bo Young , Cho Iseop , Lee Min Jung
Published: August 2024

Problem

To determine whether altered concentrations of various inflammation/immune‐, acute phase‐, extracellular matrix‐, adhesion‐, and serine protease‐related proteins in the amniotic fluid (AF) are independently associated with microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity and/or intra‐amniotic inflammation (MIAC/IAI), imminent spontaneous preterm delivery (SPTD; ≤7 days), and major neonatal morbidity/mortality (NMM) in women with early preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM).

Method of Study

This was a retrospective cohort study involving 111 singleton pregnant women with PPROM (24–31 weeks) undergoing amniocentesis to diagnose MIAC/IAI. The following proteins were measured in stored AF samples by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA): APRIL, DKK‐3, Gal‐3BP, IGFBP‐2, IL‐8, VDBP, lumican, MMP‐2, MMP‐8, SPARC, TGFBI, TGF‐β1, E‐selectin, ICAM‐5, P‐selectin, haptoglobin, hepcidin, SAA1, kallistatin, and uPA.

Results

Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that (i) elevated APRIL, IL‐8, MMP‐8, and TGFBI levels in the AF, reduced lumican and SPARC levels in the AF, and high percentages of samples above the lower limit of quantification for AF TGF‐β1 and uPA were significantly associated with MIAC/IAI; (ii) elevated AF levels of IL‐8 and MMP‐8 were significantly associated with SPTD within 7 days; and (iii) elevated AF IL‐6 levels were significantly associated with increased risk for major NMM, when adjusted for baseline covariates.

Conclusion

ECM (lumican, SPRAC, TGFBI, and TGF‐β1)‐ and serine protease (uPA)‐associated proteins in the AF are involved in the regulation of the host response to infection/inflammation in the amniotic cavity, whereas AF inflammation (IL‐8, MMP‐8, and IL‐6)‐associated mediators are implicated in the development of preterm parturition and major NMM in early PPROM.
Bulbs and Biopower: Managing Produce and Price in the Age of Agri‐Logistics
Authors: Matthan Tanya
Published: August 2024

This paper deploys the material and discursive politics of storage as a lens into agrarian change in rural India. Focusing on onions (Allium cepa), a price volatile crop and a kitchen staple, it maps out the contested meanings of and motivations for storage among growers, governments, and agri‐logistics companies. Specifically, this paper asks why storage is increasingly positioned as a key solution to the problem of price instability. This emphasis, I argue, represents a distinct regime of agrarian biopower that seeks to intervene into the physical properties of the bulb to extend its material life, and thereby, manage produce, prices, and populations. In doing so, however, fundamental issues of social inequality and guaranteed prices are bypassed. Moreover, innovations in storage technologies lay the grounds for the entry of corporate capital into agriculture. Ultimately, techno‐capital‐intensive biopolitical infrastructures of storage portend the restructuring of India's agrarian economy in favour of elite farmers and agri‐logistics firms by circumventing the issue of a fixed and fair price for producers and consumers.
Reference ranges of peripheral‐muscle oxygenation in term neonates delivered by Caesarean section during immediate transition after birth
Authors: Wolfsberger Christina H. , Hoeller Nina , Baik‐Schneditz Nariae , Schwaberger Bernhard , Suppan Ena , Mileder Lukas P. , Avian Alexander , Schlatzer Christoph , Urlesberger Berndt , Pichler Gerhard
Published: August 2024

Aim

To establish reference ranges of peripheral‐muscle regional oxygen saturation (prSO2) and peripheral fractional tissue oxygen extraction (pFTOE) during the first 15 min after birth in stable term neonates.

Methods

Secondary outcome parameters of prospective observational studies in healthy term neonates delivered by Caesarean section were analysed. prSO2 was measured on the right forearm using the INVOS 5100C monitor. pFTOE was calculated out of prSO2 and arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2). Centile charts (10th–90th) of prSO2 and pFTOE were defined during the first 15 min after birth.

Results

Three‐hundred‐five term neonates with a mean gestational age and birth weight of 39.0 ± 0.9 weeks and 3321 ± 454 g, respectively, were included. The 50th centiles of prSO2 were 39% (minute two), 52% (minute five), 71% (minute 10), and 73% (minute 15). The 50th centiles of pFTOE were 0.529 (minute two), 0.378 (minute five), 0.237 (minute 10), and 0.231 (minute 15).

Conclusion

Reference ranges of prSO2 and pFTOE were established for term neonates delivered by Caesarean section during the immediate transition after birth. These reference ranges increase knowledge of physiological processes taking place immediately after birth and are necessary for possible future clinical applications.
Preterm birth and risk of hospitalisation for complex chronic conditions during childhood and adolescence
Authors: Côté‐Corriveau Gabriel , St‐Georges Juliette , Luu Thuy Mai , Ayoub Aimina , Auger Nathalie
Published: August 2024

Aim

To examine the relationship between preterm birth and hospitalisation for paediatric complex chronic conditions.

Methods

We conducted a cohort study of 1 269 745 children born between 2006 and 2022 in Quebec, Canada. We classified preterm birth as extreme (<28 weeks), very (28–31 weeks), and moderate (32–36 weeks). The outcome was hospitalisation for complex chronic conditions, including neurologic, neuromuscular, cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, gastrointestinal, haematologic, immunologic, endocrine, and neoplastic disorders up to 16 years of age. We computed adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between preterm birth and complex chronic conditions during 9 948 734 person‐years of follow‐up.

Results

Hospitalisation rates for complex chronic conditions were higher for children born preterm than at term (6.88 vs. 2.24 per 1000 person‐years). Preterm birth was associated with all complex chronic conditions, especially respiratory (HR 4.64, 95% CI 4.01–5.37), cardiovascular (HR 3.68, 95% CI 3.47–3.90), and neurologic disorders (HR 3.48, 95% CI 3.21–3.77). Associations were present at all ages and for all degrees of prematurity, but were strongest with extreme prematurity.

Conclusion

Preterm birth increases the risk of hospitalisation for complex chronic conditions up to age 16 years. Preterm children may benefit from enhanced care throughout childhood and adolescence.
Morbidity in giant omphaloceles: Predictive factors and management strategies
Authors: Martou Laura , Saxena Amulya K.
Published: August 2024

Aim

To identify predictors of morbidity in GO through an analysis of associated anomalies, defect characteristics and management strategies.

Methods

PubMed and Ovid EMBASE databases were searched from 2013 to 2023. Primary end points assessed correlation of morbidity with gestational age (GA), birth weight (BW), eviscerated organs, defect size, associated anomalies and management strategy.

Results

Twenty articles were included for analysis with a total of 1009 GO. Median GA was 37 weeks (27–41), with a median BW of 2700 g (900–6000). 143 cardiovascular anomalies, 238 pulmonary anomalies, 98 musculoskeletal anomalies, 53 urogenital anomalies, 94 gastrointestinal anomalies, 11 neurological anomalies and 43 chromosomal anomalies were identified. 82 had unspecified additional anomalies, of which 20 and 17 were defined as major and minor, respectively. 123 neonates were managed with primary closure, 206 neonates with staged closure and 312 neonates with conservative treatment. Complications included sepsis, respiratory compromise, feeding dysfunction and closure‐related adverse events. Long‐term morbidity included home ventilation (n = 72), long‐term parental nutrition (n = 36), and delayed motor neurodevelopment (n = 21). Main predictors of morbidity were pulmonary hypertension/hypoplasia, major congenital anomalies, greater defect size and liver herniation.

Conclusion

Key predictors of poor outcomes include the presence of additional congenital anomalies, defect size, liver herniation and pulmonary hypertension/hypoplasia.
Decreased T‐cell response against latent cytomegalovirus infection does not correlate with anti‐IFN autoantibodies in patients with APECED
Authors: Hetemäki Iivo , Heikkilä Nelli , Peterson Pärt , Kekäläinen Eliisa , Willcox Nick , Anette S. B. Wolff , Jarva Hanna , Arstila T Petteri
Published: August 2024

Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy‐candidiasis‐ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) is an inborn error of immunity affecting both multiple endocrine organs and susceptibility to candidiasis, each with an autoimmune basis. Recently, high titer neutralizing anti‐type I interferon (IFN) autoantibodies have been linked with increased severity of SARS‐CoV‐2 and varicella zoster virus infections in APECED patients. Examining immunity against cytomegalovirus (CMV), we found a higher prevalence of anti‐CMV IgG antibodies in patients with APECED (N = 19) than in 44 healthy controls (90% vs 64%, p = 0.04); the similar difference in their IgG levels did not achieve significance (95 ± 74 vs 64 ± 35 IU/mL, ns.). In contrast, the frequency of CMV‐specific T cells was lower (804 ± 718/million vs 1591 ± 972/million PBMC p = 0.03). We saw no correlations between levels of anti‐CMV IgG and anti‐IFN antibodies in APECED patients or in a separate cohort of patients with thymoma (n = 70), over 60% of whom also had anti‐IFN antibodies. Our results suggest a dysregulated response to CMV in APECED patients and highlight immunodeficiency to viral infections as part of the disease spectrum.
Impact of HCV eradication on recurrence pattern and long‐term outcomes in patients with HCV‐related hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing radiofrequency ablation
Authors: Wu Kuo‐Cheng , Lee I‐Cheng , Chi Chen‐Ta , Liu Chien‐An , Chiu Nai‐Chi , Hsu Shao‐Jung , Lee Pei‐Chang , Wu Chi‐Jung , Luo Jiing‐Chyuan , Hou Ming‐Chih , Huang Yi‐Hsiang
Published: August 2024

Background

The benefits of HCV eradication on distinct recurrence patterns and long‐term hepatic outcomes in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) undergoing radiofrequency ablation (RFA) remain uncertain. This study aims to assess the impact of HCV eradication on HCC recurrence patterns and long‐term hepatic outcomes after RFA and to identify predictors of recurrence in patients achieving sustained virological response (SVR).

Methods

We retrospectively enrolled 274 patients receiving RFA for HCV‐related HCC, including 73 and 88 patients treated with interferon‐based (IFN) and direct‐acting antivirals (DAA) therapy, respectively. We analysed factors associated with local tumour progression (LTP), distant recurrence, overall survival, and hepatic decompensation.

Results

SVR was achieved in 49.3% of patients undergoing IFN therapy and 93.2% of patients undergoing DAA therapy. HCV eradication was not associated with LTP but significantly correlated with reduced risk of distant recurrence (by DAA: hazard ratio (HR) = 0.449, p = 0.006), overall survival (by IFN: HR = 0.242, p < 0.001; by DAA: HR = 0.274, p < 0.001) and hepatic decompensation (by IFN: HR = 0.313, p = 0.004; by DAA: HR = 0.281, p < 0.001). The benefits of achieving SVR in terms of overall survival and hepatic decompensation remained significant in subgroups of patients with and without recurrence. Patients with SVR showed a significant decline in FIB‐4 score and a higher proportion of ALBI grade improvement. Among SVR patients, the IMbrave050 criteria predicted LTP but not distant recurrence, whereas the FIB‐4 score after SVR, rather than the baseline FIB‐4, predicted distant recurrence.

Conclusions

HCV eradication was associated with a significant reduction in distant recurrence, mortality and hepatic decompensation following RFA in patients with HCV‐related HCC.
That's my autocrat: Self‐uncertainty elevates support for autocratic leadership during Canada's Freedom Convoy
Authors: Kincaid Kathryn M. , Ma Angela C. , Rast David E. , Hogg Michael A.
Published: August 2024

Canada's 2022 Freedom Convoy protests and blockades caused significant disruption, and many Canadians advocated for strong, forceful, and even autocratic responses from their government. In democratic nations, autocratic leadership is typically seen as undesirable and receives less support than democratic leadership. However, when group members experience significant identity‐related self‐uncertainty, they may have an accentuated desire for strong, directive leadership to help manage the uncertainty. Canadian participants (N = 406) reported their level of self‐uncertainty, rated how autocratic they perceived Prime Minister Justin Trudeau to be, reported their level of support for Justin Trudeau, and reported their support for strong responses to the Freedom Convoy. Self‐uncertainty moderated the relationship between leadership style and leader support. Perceived autocratic leadership style predicted significantly less leader support, but this relationship was weakened among participants high in self‐uncertainty, who reported increased support for an autocratic leader. Further, self‐uncertainty predicted a greater desire for a strong leader, willingness to restrict civil liberties, and support for expanded government powers. These results suggest that the typical preference for democratic leadership weakens when self‐uncertainty is elevated.

Public significance statement

Uncertainty about one's identity lays the groundwork for autocratic leadership to emerge. Elevated self‐uncertainty was associated with a greater desire for a strong leader who is willing to challenge democratic values and practices, a greater willingness to restrict civil liberties, greater support for expanded government powers in response to a national crisis, and greater support for a national leader perceived as autocratic.
Prescriptions of anti‐reflux drugs in neonatology and neonatal intensive care units: A large multicentre observational study (2014–2022)
Authors: Tauzin Manon , Gouyon Béatrice , Liu Jiao , Lapillonne Alexandre , Lorrain Simon , Bellaiche Marc , Jung Camille ,   LOGIPREN Collaborative Working Group
Published: August 2024

Aims

Gastro‐oesophageal reflux is common in newborns, especially in premature infants. Treatment by medication is controversial as the drugs prescribed have not been consistently proven to be effective and are known to have adverse effects. This study sought to identify trends in the prescription of anti‐reflux medication in a large group of French neonatal units.

Methods

Data on prescriptions of anti‐reflux treatments—proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), antacids, histamine‐2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs), and prokinetics—from 2014 to 2022 for infants with a corrected gestational age <45 weeks, were extracted from a prescription database (Logipren®) used by 63 French neonatal units, and then analysed.

Results

Of all infants recorded in the database during the study period (n = 152 743), 10.2% (n = 15 650) were prescribed anti‐reflux medication (95% confidence interval [CI] 10.0–10.4%), mainly as monotherapy (77.5%). The rate was higher in the subgroup of preterm infants born before 28 weeks of gestation (n = 9493) (20.6%, 95% CI 19.8–21.4%; n = 1956). PPIs were the most commonly prescribed anti‐reflux medications (6.9% of infants, 95% CI 6.8–7.0), followed by antacids (5.2%, 95% CI 5.1–5.3%), while H2RAs and prokinetics were rarely prescribed. Over the period, the prescription rate remained stable for PPIs, decreased for H2RAs (τ = −0.86, P = .02), and, among preterm infants born at gestational ages of 28–31 or 32–36 weeks, increased for antacids.

Conclusions

Anti‐reflux medications were frequently prescribed by neonatal units, especially for extremely premature infants. Most of these prescriptions were for PPIs and antacids.
Under which conditions do unions succeed in pushing back dualization? A configurational study of collective agreements in Portugal
Authors: Marques Paulo , Benassi Chiara , Costa Ana , Pinto André
Published: August 2024

This article explores the conditions under which unions achieve inclusive outcomes for nonstandard workers in their collective agreements. Using fsQCA, it compares 52 collective agreements signed in Portugal between 2003 and 2019. Additionally, it reports on three short case studies. Results show that the unions’ potential to mobilize resources in favour of outsiders is crucial and is due to either high union density or unions’ class‐oriented ideology. However, although a high potential to mobilize resources is necessary, it is not sufficient for pro‐outsider provisions in collective agreements. In a context of growing liberalization of industrial relations, unions only include these clauses in their collective agreements in one of the following circumstances: (i) the combination of high union density and sectoral growth, (ii) the combination of a class‐oriented union signing the agreement and low employer density and (iii) the combination of high union density and a class‐oriented union signing the agreement.
Outcomes after laser enucleation of the prostate with and without significant storage symptoms
Authors: Cano Garcia Cristina , Welte Maria , Filzmayer Maximilian , Bongardt Pia , Schlesinger Fiona , Nikolov Ivan , Tian Zhe , Karakiewicz Pierre I. , Kluth Luis A. , Mandel Philipp , Chun Felix K. H. , Kosiba Marina , Becker Andreas
Published: August 2024

Objective

To test for differences in recovery of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) between patients with storage‐positive vs ‐negative symptoms after laser enucleation of the prostate (LEP).

Patients and methods

Consecutive storage‐positive (severe storage symptoms, International Prostate Symptom Score [IPSS] storage subscore >8) vs storage‐negative patients treated with LEP (November 2017–September 2022) within our tertiary‐care database were identified. Mixed linear models tested for changes in IPSS and quality of life (QoL) at 1, 3 and 12 months after LEP. Multiple linear regression models tested for LUTS and QoL recovery risk factors at 1, 3 and 12 months.

Results

Of 291 study patients, 180 (62%) had storage‐positive symptoms. There were no differences between storage‐positive and ‐negative patients in mean adjusted total IPSS, IPSS‐storage, IPSS‐voiding and QoL at 12 months after LEP. In multiple linear regression models, storage‐positive status was identified as a risk factor for higher IPSS at 1 month (β coefficient 2.98, P = 0.004) and 3 months (β coefficient 2.24, P = 0.04), as well as for more unfavourable QoL at 1 month (β coefficient 0.74, P = 0.006) and 3 months (β coefficient 0.73, P = 0.004) after LEP. Conversely, at 12 months there were no differences between storage‐positive vs ‐negative patients.

Conclusion

Storage‐positive patients appear to experience similar long‐term benefits from LEP compared to storage‐negative patients. However, significant storage symptoms are associated with higher total IPSS and less favourable QoL at 1 and 3 months after LEP. These findings advocate for the consideration of LEP also in storage‐positive cases with the need for thorough patient education especially in the initial post‐LEP period.
Short‐term climatic oscillations versus long‐term delta propagation: Controls on sand transport into the deep Levant Basin since the Pliocene
Authors: Sirota Ido , Ben Dor Yoav , Gvirtzman Zohar
Published: August 2024

Sand transport and its deposition in deep marine basins are controlled by diverse climatic, tectonic, physiographic and oceanographic processes. Disentangling the impact of each of these drivers on the sedimentary record is a fundamental challenge in the study of source to sink systems. In this study, we investigate seismic and borehole data by combining statistical and spectral analyses to identify the factors controlling sand deposition in the deep Levant Basin (Eastern Mediterranean) during the Pliocene–Quaternary (PQ). We interpret the sand content in boreholes from gamma ray (GR) logs and identify two major trends in sand/shale ratios. On a million‐year scale, we demonstrate that since the Early Pliocene (5.3 Ma), sand content gradually increased until it formed a ca. 100 m thick and widespread sheet of sand at the top of the section. On a shorter time scale, we identify oscillations in sand content depicting significant power of periodic components at the 350–450 ky, 90–150 ky and 10s ky bands. The long‐term increase in sand content reaching the deep Levant Basin is interpreted as a result of the Nile Delta propagation, which had continuously shortened the distance between the edge of the Nile delta that is the source of sand, and the deep Levant Basin. The superimposed short‐term oscillations are interpreted as Milanković cycles, reflecting hydroclimatic oscillations of water and sediment discharge into the Eastern Mediterranean Sea by the Nile River. This demonstrates the hydroclimatic control on sand deposition in the deep Levant Basin. Our observations are consistent with the development of a submarine channel system along with the accretion of the Nile delta, which may have served as a pathway for sand delivery via high‐energy turbidity currents that reached the Levant Basin.
Strong cultural connectedness buffers urban American Indian children from the negative effects of stress on mental health
Authors: Tsethlikai Monica , Korous Kevin , Kim Juyoung
Published: August 2024

We explored whether urban American Indian (AI) caregivers who maintained a strong sense of cultural connectedness buffered their children from the negative effects of stress on mental health. A community sample of 161 urban AI children (91 girls) ages 8–15 years (M = 11.20 years) and their primary caregivers participated between 2016 and 2017. Caregiver cultural connectedness moderated associations among child stressful life events and increased anger (R
2 = .13) and post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms (R
2 = .15). For caregivers with greater cultural connectedness, associations were attenuated and not significant. Higher hair cortisol was related to increased depressive (R
2 = .11), anxiety (R
2 = .10), and PTSD (R
2 = .15) symptoms and was not moderated by cultural connectedness.
Child temperament and trajectories of student–teacher relationships quality
Authors: Harvey Elizabeth , Déry Michèle , Lemelin Jean‐Pascal , Bégin Vincent
Published: August 2024

This study aimed to examine the associations between child temperament and trajectories of the three dimensions of the student–teacher relationship (Closeness, Conflict, and Dependency) during elementary school. Latent class growth analyses conducted among 744 French‐Canadian students recruited between 2008 and 2010 (46.8% girls; M
age = 8.39; 90.9% White; 49.7% with externalizing behavior problems) revealed four Closeness trajectories and three Conflict trajectories, but no significant variability between children in mean levels of change in Dependency. Surgency‐Extraversion and Effortful control were associated with specific trajectories of Closeness and Conflict. Effortful control was also associated with cross‐sectional assessments of Dependency. These results suggest that temperament is a useful construct in understanding developmental patterns of the student–teacher relationship across the elementary school years.
A family systems investigation on couple emotional intimacy, parent–child relationships, and child social skills in middle childhood
Authors: Wu Qiong , Han Soojin , Tawfiq Dania , Jalapa Karina , Lee Chorong , Pocchio Kinsey
Published: August 2024

This study investigated familial attachment‐based processes in middle childhood, using 788 families (50.6% boys; 84.4% White), assessed six times from 4.5 years old to Grade 6. An adapted Random Intercept Cross‐Lagged Panel Model revealed between‐family associations among couple emotional intimacy, relationships with both parents, and child social skills (β = .18–.66). Within‐family increases in child assertion and self‐control prospectively predicted relationships with parents (βs = .13), and parent–child relationships predicted various child social skills (βs = .13–.17). Couple emotional intimacy predicted child cooperation, assertion, and responsibility (βs = .12–.24) and father–child relationships in Grade 6 (βs = .20–22) at the within‐family level. Findings underscore a systemic consideration of attachment‐based processes in the family.
Evolving Trends and Impact of Waitlist Transfusion on Recipient Outcomes Following Heart Transplantation
Authors: Hong Yeahwa , Iyanna Nidhi , Hess Nicholas R. , Ziegler Luke A. , Abdullah Mohamed , Dorken‐Gallastegi Ander , Mathier Michael A. , Keebler Mary E. , Hickey Gavin W. , Kaczorowski David J.
Published: August 2024

Background

This study evaluates the clinical trends, risk factors, and impact of waitlist blood transfusion on outcomes following isolated heart transplantation.

Methods

The UNOS registry was queried to identify adult recipients from January 1, 2014, to June 30, 2022. The recipients were stratified into two groups depending on whether they received a blood transfusion while on the waitlist. The incidence of waitlist transfusion was compared before and after the 2018 allocation policy change. The primary outcome was survival. Propensity score‐matching was performed. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify predictors of waitlist transfusion. A sub‐analysis was performed to evaluate the impact of waitlist time on waitlist transfusion.

Results

From the 21 926 recipients analyzed in this study, 4201 (19.2%) received waitlist transfusion. The incidence of waitlist transfusion was lower following the allocation policy change (14.3% vs. 23.7%, p < 0.001). The recipients with waitlist transfusion had significantly reduced 1‐year posttransplant survival (88.8% vs. 91.9%, p < 0.001) compared to the recipients without waitlist transfusion in an unmatched comparison. However, in a propensity score‐matched comparison, the two groups had similar 1‐year survival (90.0% vs. 90.4%, p = 0.656). Multivariable analysis identified ECMO, Impella, and pretransplant dialysis as strong predictors of waitlist transfusion. In a sub‐analysis, the odds of waitlist transfusion increased nonlinearly with longer waitlist time.

Conclusion

There is a lower incidence of waitlist transfusion among transplant recipients under the 2018 allocation system. Waitlist transfusion is not an independent predictor of adverse posttransplant outcomes but rather a marker of the patient's clinical condition. ECMO, Impella, and pretransplant dialysis are strong predictors of waitlist transfusion.
Comparison of the modified Masood's scoring index versus international academy of cytology Yokohama system in the categorization of breast fine needle aspirates
Authors: Khan Adil Aziz , Ahuja Sana , V Shakthivel , Zaheer Sufian , Ranga Sunil
Published: August 2024

Context

The Modified Masood Scoring Index (MMSI) categorizes breast fine needle aspirates into four categories non‐proliferative breast diseases (PBD), PBD without atypia, PBD with atypia and carcinoma in situ/carcinoma. The International Academy of Cytology Yokohama System classifies the aspirates into five categories – inadequate, benign, atypical, suspicious, and malignant. Very few studies have been conducted so far to compare the diagnostic accuracy of this system.

Aims

The objectives of the study were to classify breast fine needle aspirates according to the MMSI and IAC Yokohama and assess their risk of malignancy (ROM) and performance parameters.

Materials and Methods

All breast FNAs received from June 2020 to May 2023 were classified according to the MMSI and IAC Yokohama. Using histopathological diagnosis as the gold standard, ROM and performance parameters were calculated.

Results

Out of the 559 breast fine needle aspirates, the histopathological correlation was available for 337 cases. The ROM for non‐PBD, PBD without atypia, PBD with atypia and carcinoma in situ/carcinoma categories were 0%, 1.2%, 9.1% and 93%, respectively. The ROM for each of the categories of Yokohama system was 16.6%, 1.1%, 4.3%, 86.2% and 97.6%, respectively. The values for the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and diagnostic accuracy were slightly higher for IAC Yokohama (97.3%, 97.2%, 94.7%, 98.6% and 97.2%, respectively) than the MMSI (96.4%, 96.2%, 93%, 98.1% and 96.3%, respectively). Furthermore, another shortfall of MMSI is the inability to compare the Inadequate category of the Yokohama system.

Conclusion

Overall Yokohama system proved to be a better system for categorizing breast lesions on FNAB as the scoring system provides more objective categorization and minimizes false positive and false negative cases.
The Contrasting Footprint of Labour and Capital in Post‐colonial India
Authors: Breman Jan
Published: August 2024

India's struggle for independence held the promise of an end to poverty and redemption from the communal‐cum‐class‐based inequality which had kept the peasant economy backward. But the planned substitution of the agrarian‐rural fabric for an industrial‐urban way of life failed to materialize. Casualization and contractualization of waged work indicated that labour had become thoroughly commodified in a state of ongoing footlooseness. It was a proletarianization which did not allow for the collective action precondition to raise and settle the social question. The onslaught of neoliberal capitalism in the last quarter of the 20th century ended the brokerage of the nation state to secure the interests of labour next to those of capital. Less than 10 per cent of the workforce has continued to enjoy formalized occupational engagement, mainly in the downgraded public economy. Corporate capital in collusion with statist autocracy has not only effectuated the deregulation of employment but also abandoned the legal code of formality. The outcome is a state of lawlessness for the people at the bottom of the pile. Besides big business, politics and governance are identified in this reconfiguration as stakeholders in a brutal regime of informality, erosive of equality, democracy, welfare and civil rights.
Feasibility of caregiver diabetes distress screening in routine clinical care of youth with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Alkhatib Einas H. , Clary Lauren , Eddington Angelica , Streisand Randi , Majidi Shideh
Published: August 2024

Aims

Caregiver diabetes distress (DD) consists of feeling overwhelmed, sad, and/or concerned; one‐third of parents of youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D) report severe distress up to 4 years after T1D diagnosis. PAID‐PR (Problem Areas in Diabetes Survey—Parent Revised) assesses DD primarily in research settings; however, less is known about its clinical utility. We aimed to identify the feasibility of implementing PAID‐PR screening at a diverse, academic US paediatric diabetes center during routine clinic follow‐up visits through quality improvement methodologies.

Methods

The PAID‐PR was intended to be offered in English to caregivers at all paediatric T1D appointments, by the front desk during appointment check‐in, or through REDCap prior to telehealth appointments or at local sites to all eligible caregivers. Adult psychosocial resources were provided to all, regardless of score. Forms were scored after appointments; scores ≥80 were referred to Diabetes Psychology providers for follow‐up.

Results

A total of 391 caregivers completed the PAID‐PR, though only half of eligible caregivers received it in person. Response rates were highest in person (90%), compared to REDCap (25%). In total, 27% (n = 107) scored ≥56 (DD). Of those with DD, 21% (n = 23) scored ≥80 and were referred to psychology. Demographics are reported in Table 1. PAID‐PR score was positively correlated to A1c (p = 0.038) and inversely to child age (p = 0.014).

Conclusion

Clinic caregiver DD screening was implemented with higher response rates in person; however, expanding in‐person screening to all eligible caregivers is necessary. Furthermore, since the PAID‐PR was in English, some caregivers with DD were likely missed. Future directions include screening in additional languages.
Metabolically healthy obesity and left ventricular geometric remodelling in Chinese children
Authors: Yang Lili , Li Menglong , Wang Huan , Shu Wen , Zhao Min , Magnussen Costan G. , Hu Yifei , Xi Bo
Published: August 2024

Aim

To investigate the association between metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) and left ventricular geometric remodelling in Chinese children.

Materials and Methods

This cross‐sectional study used data from two population‐based samples in China, including 2871 children aged 6–11 years. Weight status was defined based on body mass index according to the World Health Organization growth chart. Metabolic status was defined based on the 2018 consensus‐based criteria proposed by Damanhoury et al. Obes Rev 2018;19:1476–1491 (blood pressure, lipids and glucose). Left ventricular geometric remodelling was determined as concentric remodelling, eccentric hypertrophy, and concentric hypertrophy. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to determine odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between categories of weight and metabolic status and left ventricular geometric remodelling.

Results

Compared with children with metabolically healthy normal weight, those with MHO had higher odds of left ventricular geometric remodelling, with adjusted ORs (95% CIs) of 2.01 (1.23–3.28) for concentric remodelling, 6.36 (4.03–10.04) for eccentric hypertrophy, and 17.07 (7.97–36.58) for concentric hypertrophy. Corresponding ORs (95% CIs) were 2.35 (1.47–3.75), 10.85 (7.11–16.55), and 18.56 (8.63–39.94), respectively, for children with metabolically unhealthy obesity. In contrast, metabolically unhealthy normal weight was not associated with higher odds of left ventricular geometric remodelling. Findings were consistent in sensitivity analyses that used different definitions of weight and metabolic status and left ventricular geometric remodelling.

Conclusions

Children with MHO had higher odds of left ventricular geometric remodelling than their metabolically healthy normal weight counterparts. Our findings suggest MHO may not be a benign condition for cardiac health in children.
Evolution from an antecedent chronic myeloid malignancy does not impact survival outcomes in NPM1‐mutated AML
Authors: Smith Elliot , Atenafu Eshetu G. , Bankar Aniket , Chan Steven , Davidson Marta , Gupta Vikas , Minden Mark D. , Richard‐Carpentier Guillaume , Schimmer Aaron , Schuh Andre C. , Sibai Hassan , Yee Karen , Maze Dawn
Published: August 2024

Nucleophosmin‐1 (NPM1)‐mutated AML is a molecularly defined subtype typically associated with favorable treatment response and prognosis; however, its prognostic significance in AML evolving from an antecedent chronic myeloid malignancy is unknown. This study's primary objective was to determine the impact of mutated NPM1 on the prognosis of AML evolving from an antecedent chronic myeloid malignancy. We conducted a retrospective chart review including patients with NPM1‐mutated de novo and sAML. sAML was defined as those with a preceding chronic‐phase myeloid malignancy before diagnosis of AML. Of 575 NPM1‐mutated patients eligible for inclusion in our study, 51 (8.9%) patients were considered to have sAML. The median time from diagnosis of NPM1‐mutated chronic myeloid malignancy to sAML evolution was 3.6 months (0.5–79.3 months). No significant differences in leukemia‐free (2‐year LKFS 52.0% vs. 51.2%, p = .9922) or overall survival (2‐year OS 56.3% vs. 49.4%, p = .4246) were observed between patients with NPM1‐mutated de novo versus sAML. Our study suggests that evolution from a preceding myeloid malignancy is not a significant predictor of poor prognosis in the setting of an NPM1 mutation. Our study demonstrated a short time to progression to sAML in most patients, which further supports the consideration of NPM1 as an AML‐defining mutation.
Land use and soil property effects on aggregate stability assessed by three different slaking methods
Authors: Poeplau Christopher , Riefling Thaddäus , Schiedung Marcus , Anlauf Rüdiger
Published: August 2024

Aggregate stability is an important structural feature of soils, since it controls surface erosion, water infiltration, plant growth and carbon stabilisation. As such, it might be considered as a potential descriptor of soil health in repeated national to continental‐scale soil monitoring programmes, which is, as of now, rarely the case. This might be related to (i) the conception that it can be predicted reasonably well by standard soil parameters, and (ii) the lack of a high‐throughput method. Here, we used a paired plot approach with 50 cropland and adjacent grassland field margin plots to specifically test (i) if measuring aggregate stability is added value over its mere estimation based on soil properties, and (ii) if a high throughput image recognition method can bear comparison with more classical methods. We evaluated the mean weight diameter (MWD), water stable aggregates (WSA) using classical setups, as well as the slaking index (SI) via imagine recognition. Methods were compared regarding their sensitivity to considered parameters as well as their reproducibility. Soil organic carbon (SOC) as well as aggregate stability were significantly higher under grassland than under cropland soils. Remarkably, the specific design of the study could reveal that the difference in aggregate stability between land use types was not solely affected by SOC content and quality, derived from mid‐infrared spectroscopy. Quality and spatial distribution of organic matter inputs, absence of disturbance, as well as biotic parameters might all be relevant factors. Nevertheless, an important finding was that SOC quality had a higher explanatory power than SOC content alone for two out of three methods. Overall, the MWD was the most sensitive to the assessed drivers and together with the WSA the most reproducible method, with coefficients of variation below 6%. By contrast, those of the SI were as high as 192%, which hampered the detection of clear patterns along the soil property gradient and between land use types. For high‐quality scientific applications, 2D image recognition cannot be recommended. Instead, we recommend the use of the MWD or WSA method for scientific purposes with a low number of technical replicates in larger‐scale assessments to further unravel the importance of aggregate stability for healthy soils, and to better determine the underlying factors.