bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Compliance with the principle of autonomy of pregnant women during their childbirth / Cumplimiento del principio de autonomía de las mujeres gestantes durante su parto
Authors: Hernández Benítez María Dolores
Published: April 2019

Objective: to determine the degree of compliance with the requests that women reflect in their birth plans and determine their influence on the main obstetric and neonatal outcomes. Method: retrospective, descriptive and analytical study with 178 women with a delivery plan in third level hospitals. Inclusion criteria: low risk pregnancy, cephalic presentation, single-term delivery. We excluded scheduled and urgent caesarean sections without labor. A descriptive and inferential analysis of the variables was carried out. Results: the delivery plan was fulfilled mostly in only 37% of the women. The group of women where compliance was low (less than or equal to 50%) had a percentage of caesarean sections of 18.8% and their children had worse results in Apgar test and cord pH; while in women with high compliance (75% or greater), the percentage of caesarean sections fell to 6.1% and their children obtained better results. Conclusion: the delivery plan has a low degree of compliance. The greater the compliance, the better the maternal and neonatal results. It can be an effective tool in achieving better results in the mother and her child. Measures are needed to improve the degree of compliance. ---------- Objetivo: conocer el grado de cumplimiento de las solicitudes que las mujeres reflejan en sus planes de parto y determinar su influencia en los principales resultados obstétricos y neonatales. Método: estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo y analítico con 178 mujeres con plan de parto en hospitales de tercer nivel. Criterios de inclusión: gestación bajo riesgo, presentación cefálica, parto único a término. Se excluyeron cesáreas programadas y urgentes sin trabajo de parto. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo e inferencial de las variables. Resultados: el plan de parto se cumplió mayoritariamente solo en el 37% de las mujeres. El grupo de mujeres donde el cumplimiento fue bajo (menor o igual al 50%) tuvo un porcentaje de cesáreas del 18,8% y sus hijos tuvieron peores resultados en test de Apgar y pH de cordón; mientras que en mujeres con cumplimiento alto (75% o mayor), el porcentaje de cesáreas cayó al 6,1% y sus hijos obtuvieron mejores resultados. Conclusión: el plan de parto tiene un grado de cumplimiento bajo. A mayor cumplimiento mejores son los resultados maternos y neonatales. Puede constituir una herramienta eficaz en la consecución de mejores resultados en la madre y su hijo. Son necesarias medidas que mejoren su grado de cumplimiento.
Effect of two prostaglandin injections on days 5 and 6 in a timed AI protocol after estrus expression on pregnancy outcomes in dairy cows during cold or hot seasons of the year
Authors: Alnimer Mufeed A. , Abedal-Majed Mohamed A. , Shamoun Ahmad I.
Published: April 2019

Abstract. The objective of this study was to test
whether prostaglandin (PG) injection on day 30 postpartum (pp) and detection of
estrus can affect the efficacy of injecting PG on days 5 and 6 in the timed
artificial insemination (TAI) protocol on pregnancy rate in a large dairy
herd in hot or cold seasons. Out of 2235 cows, 1998 received an injection
of PG at 30±3 d pp and estrus was observed. Cows that displayed
estrus during the estrous observation period after PG injection were
classified as estrus (E), while those that did not show estrus were
classified as nonestrus (NE). Cows in each group were assigned to two
treatments: CO-72 (control treatment) (ECO-72 and NECO-72) (day 44 GnRH, day 51
PGF2α, day 54 GnRH+TAI) or PG–PG (EPG–PG and NEPG–PG) (day 44
GnRH, day 49 PGF2α, day 50 PGF2α, day 52 GnRH+TAI).
Pregnancy was diagnosed on days 33 and 47 after artificial insemination (AI).
The proportion of cows in estrus on the day of TAI was higher (P≤0.05)
for cows that received two PG than for cows that received one PG.
Pregnancies per AI (P/AI) on days 33 and 47 for cows inseminated during and
after a voluntary waiting period in the NEPG–PG treatment had higher rates than
for cows in the EPG–PG, ECO-72 and NECO-72 treatments. Moreover, P/AI were
significantly (P≤0.05) affected by parity. Primiparous had higher P/AI
(37.0 %) than multiparous cows (31.6 %). Cows inseminated in cold
months had higher P/AI and reduced PL (35.6 % and 20.8 %) than cows
inseminated in hot months (29.1 % and 30.6 %, respectively). In
conclusion, treatments with PG on days 5 and 6 after the first GnRH injection
increased P/AI. Estrus detection before the beginning of TAI protocol did not
affect fertility. To maximize P/AI cows exhibiting heat at any time during
the synchronization protocol should be inseminated.
Recent trends in climate variability at the local scale using 40 years of observations: the case of the Paris region of France
Authors: Ringard Justine , Chiriaco Marjolaine , Bastin Sophie , Habets Florence
Published: April 2019

Abstract. For several years, global warming has been unequivocal, leading to climate change at global, regional and local scales. A good understanding of climate characteristics and local variability is important for adaptation and response. Indeed, the contribution of local processes and their understanding in the context of warming are still very little studied and poorly represented in climate models. Improving the knowledge of surface-atmosphere feedback effects at local scales is therefore important for future projections. Using observed data in the Paris region from 1979 to 2017, this study characterizes the changes observed over the last 40 years for six climatic parameters (e.g., mean, maximum and minimum air temperature at 2 metres, 2 metres relative and specific humidities and precipitation) at the annual and seasonal scales and in summer, regardless of large-scale circulation, with an attribution of which part of the change is linked to large scale circulation or thermordynamic. The results show that some trends differ from the ones observed at the regional or global scale. Indeed, in the Paris region, the maximum temperature increases faster than does the minimum temperature. The most significant trends are observed in spring and in summer, with a strong increase in temperature and a very strong decrease in relative humidity, while specific humidity and precipitation show no significant trends. The summer trends can be explained more precisely using large-scale circulation, especially regarding the evolution of the precipitation and specific humidity. The analysis indicates the important role of surface-atmosphere feedback in local variability and that this feedback is amplified or inhibited in a context of global warming, especially in an urban environment.
Estimating global surface ammonia concentrations inferred from satellite retrievals
Authors: Liu Lei , Zhang Xiuying , Wong Anthony Y. H. , Xu Wen , Liu Xuejun , Li Yi , Mi Huan , Lu Xuehe , Zhao Limin , Wang Zhen , Wu Xiaodi
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Ammonia (NH3), as an alkaline gas in the atmosphere, can cause direct or indirect effects on the air quality, soil acidification, climate change as well as human health. Estimating surface NH3 concentrations is critically important for modelling the dry deposition of NH3, which has important impacts on the natural environment. However, sparse monitoring sites make it challenging and difficult to understand the global distribution of surface NH3 concentrations both in time and space. We estimated the global surface NH3 concentrations for the years of 2008–2016 using the satellite NH3 observations combining its vertical profiles from the GEOS-Chem. The accuracy assessment indicates that the satellite-based approach has achieved a high predictive power for annual surface NH3 concentrations (R2 = 0.76 and RMSE = 1.50 μg N m-3). The satellite-derived surface NH3 concentrations had higher consistency with the ground-based measurements in China (R2 = 0.71 and RMSE = 2.6 μg N m-3) than the US (R2 = 0.45 and RMSE = 0.76 μg N m-3) and Europe (R2 = 0.45 and RMSE = 0.86 μg N m-3) at a yearly scale. Annual surface NH3 concentrations higher than 6 μg N m-3 are mainly concentrated in the North China Plain of China and Northern India, followed by 2–6 μg N m-3 mainly in southern and northeastern China, India, western Europe and eastern United States (US). High surface NH3 concentrations were found in the croplands in China, US and Europe, and surface NH3 concentrations in the croplands in China were approximately double than those in the croplands in the US and Europe. The liner trend analysis shows that a significant increase rate of surface NH3 concentrations (> 0.2 μg N m-3 y-1) appeared in the eastern China during 2008–2016, and a middle increase rate (0.1–0.2 μg N m-3 y-1) occurred in northern Xinjiang over China. NH3 increase was also found in agricultural regions in middle and eastern US with an annual increase rate of lower than 0.10 μg N m-3 y-1. The satellite-derived surface NH3 concentrations help us to determine the NH3 pollution status in the areas without monitoring sites and to estimate the dry deposition of NH3 in the future.
Intercomparison of MAX-DOAS vertical profile retrieval algorithms: studies using synthetic data
Authors: Frieß Udo , Beirle Steffen , Alvarado Bonilla Leonardo , Bösch Tim , Friedrich Martina M. , Hendrick François , Piters Ankie , Richter Andreas , van Roozendael Michel , Rozanov Vladimir V. , Spinei Elena , Tirpitz Jan-Lukas , Vlemmix Tim , Wagner Thomas , Wang Yang
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy
(MAX-DOAS) is a widely used measurement technique for the detection of a
variety of atmospheric trace gases. Using inverse modelling, the observation
of trace gas column densities along different lines of sight enables the
retrieval of aerosol and trace gas vertical profiles in the atmospheric
boundary layer using appropriate retrieval algorithms. In this study, the
ability of eight profile retrieval algorithms to reconstruct vertical
profiles is assessed on the basis of synthetic measurements. Five of the
algorithms are based on the optimal estimation method, two on parametrised
approaches, and one using an analytical approach without involving any
radiative transfer modelling. The synthetic measurements consist of the
median of simulated slant column densities of O4 at 360 and
477 nm, as well as of HCHO at 343 nm and NO2 at 477 nm, from seven datasets simulated by five different radiative transfer
models. Simulations are performed for a combination of 10 trace gas and 11
aerosol profiles, as well as 11 elevation angles, three solar zenith, and
three
relative azimuth angles. Overall, the results from the different algorithms
show moderate to good performance for the retrieval of vertical profiles,
surface concentrations, and total columns. Except for some outliers, the root-mean-square difference between the true and retrieved state ranges between
(0.05–0.1) km−1 for aerosol extinction and (2.5–5.0) ×1010 molec cm−3 for HCHO and NO2 concentrations.
Local time extent of magnetopause reconnection using space–ground coordination
Authors: Zou Ying , Walsh Brian M. , Nishimura Yukitoshi , Angelopoulos Vassilis , Ruohoniemi J. Michael , McWilliams Kathryn A. , Nishitani Nozomu
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Magnetic reconnection can vary considerably in spatial
extent. At the Earth's magnetopause, the extent generally corresponds to the
extent in local time. The extent has been probed by multiple spacecraft
crossing the magnetopause, but the estimates have large uncertainties because
of the assumption of spatially continuous reconnection activity between
spacecraft and the lack of information beyond areas of spacecraft coverage.
The limitations can be overcome by using radars examining ionospheric flows
moving anti-sunward across the open–closed field line boundary. We therefore
infer the extents of reconnection using coordinated observations of multiple
spacecraft and radars for three conjunction events. We find that when
reconnection jets occur at only one spacecraft, only the ionosphere conjugate
to this spacecraft shows a channel of fast anti-sunward flow. When
reconnection jets occur at two spacecraft and the spacecraft are separated by
< 1 Re, the ionosphere conjugate to both spacecraft shows a
channel of fast anti-sunward flow. The consistency allows us to determine the
reconnection jet extent by measuring the ionospheric flows. The
full-width-at-half-maximum flow extent is 200, 432, and 1320 km,
corresponding to a reconnection jet extent of 2, 4, and 11 Re. Considering
that reconnection jets emanate from reconnections with a high reconnection
rate, the result indicates that both spatially patchy (a few Re) and
spatially continuous and extended reconnections (> 10 Re) are
possible forms of active reconnection at the magnetopause. Interestingly, the
extended reconnection develops from a localized patch via spreading across
local time. Potential effects of IMF Bx and By on the reconnection
extent are discussed.
A trait-based modelling approach to planktonic foraminifera ecology
Authors: Grigoratou Maria , Monteiro Fanny M. , Schmidt Daniela N. , Wilson Jamie D. , Ward Ben A. , Ridgwell Andy
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Despite the important role of planktonic foraminifera in regulating the
ocean carbonate production and their unrivalled value in reconstructing
paleoenvironments, our knowledge on their ecology is limited. A variety of
observational techniques such as plankton tows, sediment traps and
experiments have contributed to our understanding of foraminifera ecology.
But, fundamental questions around costs and benefits of calcification and
the effect of nutrients, temperature and ecosystem structure on these
organisms remain unanswered. To tackle these questions, we take a novel
mechanistic approach to study planktonic foraminifera ecology based on trait
theory. We develop a zero-dimensional (0-D) trait-based model to account for the biomass of
prolocular (20 µm) and adult (160 µm) stages of non-spinose
foraminifera species and investigate their potential interactions with
phytoplankton and other zooplankton under different temperature and nutrient
regimes. Building on the costs and benefits of calcification, we model two
ecosystem structures to explore the effect of resource competition and
temperature on planktonic foraminifera biomass. By constraining the model
results with ocean biomass estimations of planktonic foraminifera, we
estimate that the energetic cost of calcification could be about 10 %–50 %
and 10 %–40 % for prolocular and adult stages respectively. Our result
suggest that the shell provides protection against processes other than
predation (e.g. pathogen invasion). We propose that the low standing biomass
of planktonic foraminifera plays a key role in their survival from
predation, along with their shell protection. Our model suggests a shift
from temperature as a main regulator of foraminifera biomass in the early
developmental stage to resource competition for adult biomass.
Nitrogen use efficiency and N2O and NH3 losses attributed to three fertiliser types applied to an intensively managed silage crop
Authors: Cowan Nicholas , Levy Peter , Moring Andrea , Simmons Ivan , Bache Colin , Stephens Amy , Marinheiro Joana , Brichet Jocelyn , Song Ling , Pickard Amy , McNeill Connie , McDonald Roseanne , Maire Juliette , Loubet Benjamin , Voylokov Polina , Sutton Mark , Skiba Ute
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Three different nitrogen fertilizer types, ammonium nitrate, urea and urea coated with a urease inhibitor (Agrotain®), were applied at standard rates (70 kg N ha−1) to experimental plots in a typical and intensively managed grassland area at Easter Bush Farm Estate (Scotland). The nitrogen use efficiency of the fertilisers was investigated as well as nitrogen losses in the form of nitrous oxide fluxes (N2O) and ammonia (NH3) and during fertilisation events in the 2016 and 2017 growing seasons. Nitrous oxide was measured by the standard static chamber technique and analysed using Bayesian statistics. Ammonia was measured using passive samplers combined with the FIDES inverse dispersion model. On average, fertilisation with ammonium nitrate supported largest yields and had the highest nitrogen use efficiency, but as large spatial and seasonal variation persisted across the plots, yield differences between the three fertilizer types and zero N control were not consistent. Overall, ammonium nitrate treatment was found to increase yields significantly (p-value
Impact of anthropogenic activities on global land oxygen flux
Authors: Liu Xiaoyue , Huang Jianping , Huang Jiping , Li Changyu , Ding Lei
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Atmospheric oxygen (O2) is one of the predominant features that enable Earth as a habitable planet for active and diverse biology. However, observations since the late 1980s indicate that O2 content in the atmosphere is falling steadily at part-per-million level. Although a scientific consensus has emerged that the current decline is generally attributed to the combustion of fossil fuel, a quantitative assessment of the anthropogenic impact on the O2 cycle on both global and regional scale is currently lacking. This paper quantifies the anthropogenic and biological O2 flux over land and provides a quantitative and dynamic description of land O2 budget under impacts of human activities on grid scale. It is found that total anthropogenic O2 flux over land has risen from 35.6 Gt/yr in 2000 to 46.0 Gt/yr in 2013, while the compensation from land (11.5 Gt/yr averaged from 2000 to 2013) displays a faint increase during the same period. High anthropogenic fluxes mainly occur in Eastern Asia, India, North America and Europe caused by fossil fuel combustion and in Central Africa caused by wildfire. Due to strong heterotrophic soil respiration under higher temperature conditions, the positive O2 flux in the tropics is not significant. Instead, boreal forest and Tibetan plateau become the most important sources of atmospheric O2 in the Anthropocene. The anthropogenic oxygen consumption data are publicly available online at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.899167.
Re-evaluating safety risks of multifunctional dikes with a probabilistic risk framework
Authors: Marijnissen Richard , Kok Matthijs , Kroeze Carolien , van Loon-Steensma Jantsje
Published: April 2019

Abstract. It is not uncommon for a flood defence to be combined
with other societal uses as a multifunctional flood defence, from housing in
urban areas to nature conservation in rural areas. The assessment of the
safety of multifunctional flood defences is often done using conservative
estimates. This study synthesizes new probabilistic approaches to evaluate
the safety of multifunctional flood defences employed in the Netherlands and
explores the results of these approaches. In this paper a case representing
a typical Dutch river dike combining a flood safety function with a nature
and housing function is assessed by its probability of failure for multiple
reinforcement strategies considering multiple relevant failure mechanisms.
Results show how the conservative estimates of multifunctional flood
defences lead to a systematic underestimation of the reliability of these
dikes. Furthermore, in a probabilistic assessment uncertainties introduced
by multifunctional elements affect the level of safety of the dike
proportional to the reliability of the dike itself. Hence, dikes with higher
protection levels are more suitable to be combined with potentially harmful
uses for safety, whereas dikes with low protection levels can benefit most
from uses that contribute to safety.
The surface albedo of the Greenland Ice Sheet between 1982 and 2015, and its relationship to the ice sheet’s surface mass balance and ice discharge
Authors: Riihelä Aku , King Michalea D. , Anttila Kati
Published: April 2019

Abstract. The Greenland Ice Sheet is losing mass at a significant rate, primarily driven by increasing surface melt-induced runoff. Because the ice sheet’s surface melt is closely connected to changes in the surface albedo, studying multidecadal changes in the ice sheet’s albedo offers insight into surface melt and associated changes in its surface mass balance. Here, we first analyse the CLARA-A2 SAL satellite-based surface albedo dataset, covering 1982–2015, to obtain decadal albedo trends for each summer month. We also examine the rates of albedo change during the early summer, supported with atmospheric reanalysis data from MERRA-2, to discern changes in the intensity of early summer melt, and their likely drivers. We find that rates of albedo decrease during summer melt have accelerated during the 2000s relative to early 1980s, and that the surface albedos now often decrease to values typical of bare ice at elevations 50–100 m higher on the ice sheet. The southern margins exhibit the opposite behaviour, though, and we suggest this is due to increasing snowfall over the area. We then correct the mass balance estimates observed by the GRACE satellite mission with state-of-the-art ice discharge estimates to obtain observation-based estimates for the surface mass balance. The CLARA albedo changes are regressed with this data to obtain a proxy surface mass balance timeseries for the summer periods 1982–2015. This proxy timeseries is compared with latest regional climate model estimates from the MAR model. We show that the proxy timeseries agrees with MAR through the analyzed period within the associated uncertainties of the data and methods, demonstrating and confirming that surface runoff has dominated the rapid mass loss period between 1990s and 2010s. Finally, we extend the analysis to GrIS basin scale to examine discharge-albedo relationships in order to ascertain if the surface melt contributes to discharge acceleration via basal lubrication. While there is little evidence of surface melt-induced ice flow acceleration at annual timescales, we find time lags between seasonal maximum runoff production and seasonal maximum discharge rate to be in agreement with recent modelling results.
The Church Without Ascetics: The Lack of an Ascetic Group in Corinth
Authors: Malcolm Matthew R.
Published: April 2019

Over the last century, many interpreters have argued that there was an influential ascetic faction in the Corinthian church. Many have pointed to the apparent slogan of such a group in 1 Cor 7:1, which is said to represent the opinion of a group who rejected sex or marriage on theological grounds. Some have pointed to the slogan about the resurrection of the dead in 1 Cor 15:12 and concluded that the same group is evident there, expressing a preference for the disembodied soul over a future embodied existence. This article freshly examines 1 Cor 7 and 15 and concludes that the hypothesis of an ascetic faction in the Corinthian church is exegetically unnecessary and unpersuasive. Specifically, 1 Cor 7:1 is seen to present Paul’s own position, in a way that is designed to provoke and correct detractors in Corinth. It is conceded that 1 Cor 15 does seem to suggest a Corinthian assumption of a disembodied afterlife; but it is demonstrated that the Corinthians held no preference for such a state. This article argues that it is time for the “ascetic hypothesis” to be dismissed.
Removing an Arrow from the Supersessionist Quiver: A Post-Supersessionist Reading of Colossians 2:16–17
Authors: Allen Brian Louis
Published: April 2019

When constructing the occasion in Col 2:16–17, the prevailing interpretation presumes that the Colossians were being criticized for noncompliance to dietary instructions and the Jewish calendar and that Paul disparages Jewish practices by identifying them as a “shadow” juxtaposed to the “substance” of Messiah. Through a broad survey of recent scholarship, New Testament texts, the Didache, and grammatical analysis, this study challenges traditional readings by changing the scenario: the Colossians were being criticized for living in accordance with the Jewish calendar.
The Argument against Attributing Slogans in 1 Corinthians 6:12–20
Authors: Robinson Jonathan Rivett
Published: April 2019

While many scholars consider that Corinthian slogans are present in 1 Cor 6:12–20, this article argues that the attribution of slogans there is an unnecessary exegetical move based on unconvincing arguments. A reading of the pericope will be presented to demonstrate that slogans are unnecessary to make sense of Paul’s paraenesis. The arguments for and against each particular slogan will be evaluated. This study both consolidates the minority view held by Brian Dodd (1995) and David Garland (2003) and responds to Joseph Fitzmyer (2007) and Jerome Murphy O’Connor’s (2009) criticisms of the same.
CONOCIMIENTO, FACTORES CONDICIONANTES Y CARACTERÍSTICAS DE AUTOMEDICACIÓN EN ESTUDIANTES DE ENFERMERÍA Y MEDICINA
Authors: Fuentes Galvez Carlos Abrahan , Hernández Palacio Giselle Estefany Estefany , Moreno Hércules Susan Grace , Ramos Yuling Tse , Stuart Sánchez Kevin , Andrade Lourdes Azucena
Published: April 2019

La automedicación es una práctica de denominación moral subjetiva muy frecuente en los pacientes ambulatorios, en la cual estos optan por adquirir medicamentos sin prescripción médica para el alivio de dolencias, frecuentemente consideradas de baja severidad. Objetivo: Determinar el conocimiento, factores condicionantes y características de automedicación en los estudiantes de las carreras enfermería y medicina de la Escue- la Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Hondu- ras en el Valle de Sula (EUCS/UNAH-VS) en el primer semestre del 2017. Pacientes y Métodos: Estudio cuantitativo, alcance des- criptivo, transversal, prospectivo, realizado en estudiantes de la carrera de enfermería y medicina de la EUCS/UNAH-VS que cursa- ban el 2do y 3er año el primer semestre del 2017. La muestra fue no probabilística por conveniencia de 55 estudiantes pertene- cientes a cada carrera, en total 110. Resultados: Se encontró que 50 (90.9%) estudiantes de enfermería y 49 (89.09%) de medicina admitieron automedicarse. La mayoría no conocen las indicaciones y/o efectos adversos de los fármacos utilizados para automedicarse. El 45.45% (25) de enfermería y 63.63% (35) ignoran la dosificación. Un 67.27% (37) de enfermería y 61.8% (34) de medicina desconocen los efectos adversos de las dosificaciones excesivas. La principal causa de automedicación fue la consideración de malestares como no graves, siendo manejados en casa. Conclusión: La mayoría de los estudiantes de ambas carreras desconocen sobre indicaciones, efectos adversos y dosificación de los medicamentos y los toman considerando los malestares no graves y no por los efectos que el medicamento pueda causarles. El principal síntoma que presentaron es la cefalea y el medicamento que más consumían fué el acetaminofen.
SÍNDROME DE STEVENS-JOHNSON
Authors: Gómez Vilma Alejandra , Reyes Mario René , Crivelli Leopoldo , Fuentes Gabriel , Andrade Mancias Lourdes Azucena
Published: April 2019

El síndrome de Stevens-Johnson (SSJ) se define como cuadro inflamatorio agudo, febril y autolimitado, durando aproximadamente dos a cuatro semanas, afecta la piel y mucosas, puede ser letal. Se caracteriza por reacciones potencialmente fatales resultado a hipersensibilidad de factores desencadenantes como: infecciones por virus, hongos, bacterias, enfermedades del tejido conectivo, neoplasias malignas, vacunas o medicamentos.
SOURCES OF TOURIST INFORMATION USED BY WOMEN 50+ WHEN ORGANISING TOURIST AND RECREATIONAL TRIPS
Authors: Sikora Jan , Wartecka-Ważyńska Agnieszka
Published: April 2019

Purpose. Recognition of tourist information sources used by women aged 50+ during the organisation of tourist and recreational trips. Showing the dependence of these sources on socio- professional traits and the material situation of the respondents.

Method. Empirical studies on, inter alia, participation of women 50+ in tourist trips. The city of Poznań was the area of research. In total, 146 women aged 50+, students of Third Age Universities and members of Senior Clubs participated in the study. The basic research method was diagnostic survey supported by the auditorium survey and direct interview techniques. For comparative purposes, the secondary material analysis method published by the Central Statistical Office, Ministry of Family, Labour and Social Policy, was used.

Findings. Research showed the interest of 50+ women in cheaper trip sources, and at the same time,, in forms of tourist information influencing the decision regarding tourist and recreational trips. These included: guides, brochures, tourist guides, oral communication from friends, the press and the Internet. The Internet indicated by the researched category as a source of tourist information may particularly motivate further in-depth research on the promotion of tourist services among seniors.

Research and conclusions limitations. Empirical research on women 50+ from a large city was carried out via a case study. The obtained results correspond with similar nationwide surveys.

Practical implications. The research results can be used to build tourist and recreational offers for seniors, through tourist offices, for organisers of these trips, such as Senior Clubs, church organisations. They can be used by local government authorities to create programmes for tourist and recreational activity of seniors.

Originality. Showing sources of tourist information used by women 50+ depending on their socio-occupational characteristics and financial situation.

Type of work. The article presents the results of empirical research and their discussion supported by literature. It is of empirical and theoretical nature.
THE PROFESSIONAL SITUATION OF BACKPACKERS EMPLOYED ON THE AUSTRALIAN LABOUR MARKET
Authors: Jabłonkowska Jolanta
Published: April 2019

Purpose. The article presents the results of research carried out among backpackers employed as part of the Australian visa programme (in both 417 and 462 categories). The analysis includes the backpackers’ employee experience, their professional situation and relations with employers.

Method. In 2016, direct interviews were conducted with 19 people from various countries who, within the WHV programme, undertook a temporary job on the entrepreneurial market in Western Australia. The GT (Grounded Theory) method was used.

Findings. The obtained results allowed to describe the area of experience gained by backpackers (who are stakeholders of the Australian visa programme) in terms of their professional situation and the conditions of the provided work.

Research and conclusions limitations. . There is a problem outlined in the article. The presented conclusions are part of the comprehensive studies that have been being conducted since 2014 regarding the experience of backpackers employed on the Australian labour market.

Practical implications. The work is practical in nature. It is important for many reasons, most of all because hiring backpackers has impact on the development of many sectors of the Australian industry. Therefore, extensive discussion of the issue allows to search for the necessary solutions. More controversial seem to be the rules applied to backpackers’ employment so far, but more important are solutions. Another aspect that gives practical value to this issue is the need for discussion on the revision of the WHV programme in view of admission of anew group of backpackers to the temporary labour market in Australia - from the countries of former socialist democracies (including Poland).

Originality. The raised issue is usually presented in foreign research as statistics and reports. The research commonly shows the number of employed backpackers, classifies the forms of their employment and describes the economic results for Australia. However, there is a lack of detailed qualitative analysis in which, from the perspective of the subjects, that means backpackers who are stakeholders of the WHV programme, the implications of running the WHV programme would be shown.

Type of paper. The article presents the results of empirical research.
"Den Mächtigen auf die Finger schauen"
Authors: Mast Claudia , Spachmann Klaus , Georg Katherina
Published: April 2019

Daily newspapers are considered to have been the big losers in the media revolution. Their coverage has been declining for many years and their traditional revenue models no longer work. This study, which was carried out in cooperation with the publishing house and editorial staff of the ‘Pforzheimer Zeitung’, illustrates how this regional and local newspaper is positioning itself in the digital media age. This book provides unique insights into the results of reader surveys and the strategic considerations of publishers and editors.
The first part analyses the status quo and perspectives of the daily press. It then discusses the performance of daily newspapers and their proximity to their readers as its two central concepts. The second part presents the results of surveys conducted among the readers and non-readers of the ‘Pforzheimer Zeitung’. The third part draws conclusions for regional newspapers to use as a guide, in which the managing publisher Thomas Satinsky and editor-in-chief Magnus Schlecht comment on the concept and strategy of the ‘Pforzheimer Zeitung’.
Der Technologietransfer der deutschen Hochschulen im Binnenmarkt der Europäischen Union
Authors: Haase Stefan
Published: April 2019

This study is the first to explain in detail how universities should exploit industrial property rights in order to be able to exclude the granting of aid as stipulated by Art. 107 (1) of the TFEU. After the author has concluded that the objectives of Art. 179 (1) of the TFEU need to be taken into account in the application and interpretation of the prohibition of state aid, he discusses the ‘criterion of economically exploitable research organisation’ derived from the ‘market economy investor principle’, which is recognised by the courts of the EU in terms of economically acknowledged patent evaluation and negotiation methods. Finally, the author critically discusses the legality and applicability of the R&D&I framework of the EU Commission, which is valid until 2020 and will then probably have to be amended. Due to the author’s work in the field of technology transfer, this study is of particular practical relevance.
Superação de dormência e vigor em sementes de Fava-d’Anta (Dimorphandra gardneriana Tulasne)
Authors: Ursulino Marina Matias , Alves Edna Ursulino , Araújo Paulo Costa , Alves Magnólia Martins , Ribeiro Thiago de Souza , Silva Rosemere dos Santos
Published: April 2019

O objetivo neste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência de diferentes métodos para a superação da dormência em sementes Dimorphandra gardneriana Tulasne, visando fornecer conhecimentos técnico-científicos que permitam a criação de um protocolo de germinação. Em um experimento realizado no Laboratório de Análise de Sementes do Centro de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal da Paraíba (CCA-UFPB), em delineamento experimental inteiramente ao acaso, as sementes de D. gardneriana foram submetidas aos seguintes tratamentos: testemunha que consistiu de sementes não escarificadas, sementes escarificadas mecanicamente com lixa n° 120, sementes escarificadas mecanicamente com lixa e submetidas à embebição em água destilada por 6, 12, 18 e 24 horas, sementes submetidas ao desponte na região oposta ao hilo com alicate de unha, sementes submetidas ao desponte na região oposta ao hilo com alicate de unha e postas em embebição em água destilada por 6, 12, 18 e 24 horas, escarificação química com ácido sulfúrico concentrado por 5, 10 e 15 minutos. Após a aplicação dos tratamentos as sementes foram submetidas a testes de germinação e vigor (emergência, índice de velocidade de germinação e de emergência, comprimento e massa seca de hipocótilo e raízes). A escarificação mecânica com lixa e o desponte seguidos de imersão em água destilada por seis horas favorecem a porcentagem de germinação de sementes e emergência de plântulas de Dimorphandra gardneriana, e os tratamentos utilizando ácido sulfúrico reduziram drasticamente o vigor destas sementes.
Pregerminative treatments of yellow mombin (Spondias mombin L.) seeds
Authors: Martins Cibele Chalita , Silva Givanildo Zildo da , Durigan Laís Dezen , Vieira Roberval Daiton
Published: April 2019

The germination of Spondias mombin seeds is slow and irregular – it takes between 6 and 24 months for the process to complete.  This causes the plantlets producer serious difficulties since the plantlets are more expensive to produce and frequently are of different heights.  The objective of this project was to establish techniques and strategies of Spondias mombin seed selection to promote and speed up germination. Having that in mind, two experiments were carried out. In the first, seeds (which are of the nucular type) of two colors (beige and brown) and four classes of size (small, medium-small, medium-large, and large) had their length, width, and weight determined. In the second experiment, the color (beige and brown) classified seeds were submitted or not to a fungicide treatment and to mechanical scarification of the endocarp (base, apex, lateral, and no scarification). The experiments were distributed according to a completely random design with four 20 seeds replications in the following factorial arrangements: 4x2 (size x color) and 4x2x2 (scarification x color x fungicide). Seedling emergence in sand, first count of germination, and mean time for germination were weekly determined up to 730 days; these evaluations were based on the determination of normal seedlings counting.  Choosing brown and medium-large seeds is an efficient strategy to accelerate seedling emergence. Treating the seeds with fungicide was harmful to the germination process.  The lateral scarification of brown seeds permitted a reduction in the period necessary for the completion of germination from 489 to 336 days.
Efeitos da arborização urbana na redução do escoamento pluvial superficial e no atraso do pico de vazão
Authors: Alves Patrícia Layne , Formiga Klebber Teodomiro Martins
Published: April 2019

A impermeabilização do solo e ausência de cobertura arbórea produz maior volume de escoamento superficial, amplia o pico de vazão e reduz o tempo de retardo. A busca por alternativas para diminuição do volume de escoamento superficial em áreas urbanas é importante para obter respostas hidrológicas aos problemas ocasionados pelo processo de urbanização e, com isso, amenizar o risco de inundação. Este estudo se propôs a estimar a redução do escoamento superficial e o atraso no pico de vazão ocasionados pela presença das árvores de três espécies (Mangifera indica, Tabebuia ochracea e Licania tomentosa) no meio urbano, o que permitiu a quantificação e análise do desempenho de espécies arbóreas na redução do escoamento urbano; correlacionou os parâmetros arbóreos com a capacidade de redução do escoamento; bem como averiguou se há redução e atraso nos picos de vazão. Os benefícios provenientes da interceptação das águas pluviais pelas árvores precisam ser ponderados e garantidos nos planos diretores de arborização e de drenagem urbana, de modo a alcançar a mitigação dos prejuízos provocados pelo descaso com as águas urbanas. Para isso, foram utilizados sensores de nível (linígrafos) para a quantificação do escoamento superficial em áreas com e sem a presença da cobertura arbórea, e em estruturas experimentais instaladas sobre solo impermeabilizado, semipermeável e permeável. Em eventos cujo valor mediano de precipitação bruta foi de 17.1 mm, a presença dos indivíduos arbóreos ocasionou um atraso mediano no tempo ao pico de vazão de 3 minutos, uma redução do pico de vazão de 0.8 mm/min e do escoamento superficial de 4.7 mm/min.
Chave de identificação dendrológica das espécies mais comuns de uma área de Cerrado Sensu Stricto, Gurupi, Tocantins
Authors: Cândido Jacqueline Bonfim e , Viana Rodney Haulien Oliveira , Morais Israel Gomes , Amorim Marcos Vinicius de Melo , Souza Priscila Bezerra de
Published: April 2019

Estudos com chave de identificação dendrológica e o comportamento fenológico aliado ao conhecimento das espécies ameaçadas de extinção da flora arbustivo-arbórea do Cerrado no Estado do Tocantins ainda são escassos ou incipientes, promovendo assim uma lacuna de informações técnicas e científicas. Portanto, esta pesquisa visa respaldar o estabelecimento de prioridades para futuras estratégias de conservação e planos de manejo de espécies botânicas do Cerrado. Diante do contexto, objetivou-se elaborar uma chave dicotômica, baseada em caracteres vegetativos das espécies arbustivo-arbórea de uma área de cerrado sensu stricto em Gurupi – TO. Foram alocadas, sistematicamente, cinco parcelas permanentes de 20×50m, ou seja, 1000 m² cada, sendo as mesmas distanciadas 10 m entre si. Amostrou-se todos os indivíduos arbustivo-arbóreos, com circunferência a 1,30 m do solo (CAP) maior ou igual a 10 cm. Os materiais botânicos das espécies foram herborizados seguindo as técnicas convencionais. Para a elaboração da chave de identificação, foi realizada uma seleção dentre as 106 espécies amostradas, considerando apenas as espécies que possuíam densidade absoluta maior ou igual a 5 indivíduos, desta forma foram selecionadas 54 espécies. Cabe ressaltar que essa seleção teve como objetivo incluir apenas as espécies de maior recorrência no cerrado sensu stricto, com finalidade de viabilizar a funcionalidade da chave. A chave de identificação baseada em caracteres vegetativos foi composta por 54 espécies arbustivo-arbóreas de eudicotiledôneas e angiospermas basais, distribuídas em 47 gêneros, incluídos em 26 famílias botânicas. A confecção da chave de identificação dendrológica demonstrou-se uma ferramenta funcional, ou seja, permitiu uma rápida e fácil identificação das espécies vegetais amostradas.
Distribuição do diâmetro de copa e diâmetro quadrático de Araucaria angustifolia e Pinus taeda
Authors: Martins Luciellen Pereira , Debastiani Aline Bernarda , Santos Kênia Samara Mourão , Corte Ana Paula Dalla Corte , Netto Sylvio Pellico , Sanquetta Carlos Roberto
Published: April 2019

As funções de densidade de probabilidade têm várias aplicações florestais, entre as quais o tratamento de dados biométricos e uso em modelagem. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar qual função densidade de probabilidade que melhor se ajusta ao diâmetro de copa (dcopa) e ao diâmetro quadrático (dq), e também analisar o efeito dessas variáveis na estrutura da floresta. O estudo foi realizado com uma base de dados de Araucaria angustifolia proveniente de um fragmento florestal, e também com dados de Pinus taeda de um plantio florestal, ambos oriundos do estado do Paraná. Para as respectivas áreas de estudo foram delimitadas as copas das árvores com suporte de ortofotos digitais. As funções avaliadas foram: Normal, Log-normal 2P, Beta, Gama, Weibull 3P e Weber. A função que melhor se ajustou à variável dq para ambas as espécies foi a Normal. Já para a variável dcopa, a função de Weibull 3P foi a que apresentou melhor aderência para o fragmento de Araucária e a função de Weber para o plantio florestal de Pinus.
Produtividade de Pinus caribaea VAR. hondurensis e suas relações com atributos químicos dos solos em região de Cerrado brasileiro
Authors: Silva Vinicius Evangelista , Silva Paulo Ricardo Teodoro da , Montanari Rafael , Lisboa Sara Dias da Silva , Batello Edmar Roberto Bellati , Aguilar Jailson Vieira , Lisboa Lucas Aparecido Manzani , Albertini Marlon Marino
Published: April 2019

A silvicultura com espécies exóticas desempenha importante papel socioeconômico no Brasil, fornecendo matéria-prima para a produção de madeira, lenha, carvão e celulose, dentre outros. Nesse sentido, torna-se necessária o aprofundamento do conhecimento sobre as variáveis ambientais que controlam a produtividade do Pinus, em especial, as edáficas. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a variabilidade espacial dos atributos químicos de solo e planta em um plantio comercial de Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis. O experimento foi instalado no campus da Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira (Unesp), localizado em Selvíria, Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil, em um LATOSSOLO VERMELHO Distroférrico, textura muito argilosa. Foram analisados os seguintes atributos químicos do solo: fósforo (P), matéria orgânica (MO), potencial hidrogeniônico (pH), potássio (K), cálcio (Ca), magnésio (Mg), acidez potencial (H+Al), alumínio (Al), soma de bases (SB), capacidade de troca catiônica (CTC), saturação por bases (V%) e, cálcio (CaT), magnésio (MgT) e alumínio (m) na CTC. Pode-se estimar os atributos químicos da camada de 0,10-0,20 m através dos atributos da camada superficial (93%), não sendo, portanto, necessária à coleta dos atributos subsuperficias, representando oportunidades de economia em analises e de coleta de solos para futuros trabalhos. Todos os atributos de solo e planta apresentaram dependência espacial simples na área do estudo, exceto, altura, diâmetro a altura do peito e acidez potencial na camada de 0,10-0,20 m, evidenciando que o manejo de Pinus pode ser realizado de acordo com site especifico nas condições do estudo. O potássio foi o atributo de solo que apresentou cokrigagem com a produtividade de Pinus, bem como os melhores indicadores para a estimativa da produtividade.
Diversidade e estrutura genética de populações de Podocarpus lambertii Klotzsch ex Endl. na floresta ombrófila mista em Santa Catarina
Authors: Bittencourt Ricardo , Steiner Felipe , Sant'Anna Cristina Silva , Montagna Tiago , Fernandes Caio Darós , Silva Fernando André Loch Santos da , Reis Maurício Sedrez dos
Published: April 2019

Podocarpus lambertii (Podocarpaceae) é conhecido popularmente como pinheiro-bravo. Ocorre em várias formações florestais da Mata Atlântica, principalmente na Floresta Ombrófila Mista. Devido à intensa exploração madeireira sofrida pela espécie, ela está presente na categoria “Quase ameaçada” da Lista Vermelha das Espécies Ameaçadas da IUCN. Diante disso, este estudo teve por objetivo caracterizar a diversidade e estrutura genética de 12 populações no Estado de Santa Catarina, a fim de gerar informações para fundamentar estratégias de conservação para a espécie. Foram coletadas folhas de 50 indivíduos adultos em cada população. Para acessar os níveis e a distribuição da diversidade genética, utilizaram-se 10 sistemas enzimáticos. As frequências alélicas, a porcentagem de locos polimórficos (P100%), as heterozigosidades observada (HO) e esperada (HE), o índice de fixação (f) e a divergência genética (FST) foram calculados com auxílio do programa FSTAT. Os 10 sistemas enzimáticos analisados revelaram 11 locos com um total de 32 alelos (A= 1,8). As populações de Podocarpus lambertii apresentaram baixa diversidade genética (P100% = 52,7; HO = 0,049; HE = 0,079). As frequências alélicas das populações apresentaram desvios significativos das esperadas em Equilíbrio de Hardy-Weinberg, evidenciando um deficit de heterozigotos (f = 0,374). A presença de alelos raros nas populações e uma divergência genética significativa (FST = 0,303) evidenciam um baixo fluxo gênico histórico e um grande risco de perda de diversidade. Os resultados obtidos indicam a necessidade de conservação in situ das várias populações de Podocarpus lambertii e de um aumento da conectividade entre as populações remanescentes.