bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Características étnico-raciales y desigualdad de oportunidades económicas en México
Authors: Solís Patricio , Güémez Braulio
Published: November 2020

El presente trabajo examina la asociación entre las características étnico-raciales y los resultados económicos en México. A partir de datos del Módulo de Movilidad Social Intergeneracional 2016, levantado por el INEGI (2017) como parte de la Encuesta Nacional de los Hogares, nuestros hallazgos indican que todas las características étnico-raciales estudiadas (autoadscripción, lengua indígena y tono de piel) se asocian de manera estadísticamente significativa con los destinos económicos de las personas, siendo la dimensión lingüística aquella que sobresale por tener los efectos de mayor magnitud. La autoadscripción étnico-racial, y en particular la adscripción mestiza o blanca, en contraste con la indígena, tiene un efecto menor que el observado para la dimensión lingüística, pero mayor con respecto al tono de piel. Encontramos que estas asociaciones son estadísticamente significativas incluso controlando por los orígenes socioeconómicos, lo que sugiere que las inequidades económicas son explicadas tanto por una acumulación histórica de desventajas como por la persistencia de prácticas de racismo y discriminación en el presente.
Influence of digitization input device on calculation of print (non)uniformity value of prints using ISO 13660 method
Authors:   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Graphic Engineering and Design, Novi Sad, Serbia, Jurič Ivana , Novaković Dragoljub ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Graphic Engineering and Design, Novi Sad, Serbia, Kašiković Nemanja ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Graphic Engineering and Design, Novi Sad, Serbia, Dedijer Sandra ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Graphic Engineering and Design, Novi Sad, Serbia
Published: November 2020

This paper examines the influence of the digitization input device on the print nonuniformity value when using the ISO 13660 method. This method belongs to the group of techniques called Image Analysis Method (IAM), so the basis for calculating the quality attributes is a digitized print. We selected six different devices: three flatbed scanners and three mobile phones. All settings were constant, such as the scan resolution (600 spi) and light source (D50). To have controlled prints, they were simulated using the MATLAB code - Macro Uniformity Toolbox and printed using the Epson Stylus PRO 7800 InkJet machine. We simulated random print nonuniformity know as small-scaled (graininess) and large-scaled (mottle). The calculated values differ drastically by changing the digitization device, while the values within the same group of devices are strongly correlated. The obtained results indicate the need to expand the standard and define more precise settings for input devices.
Influence of recycled fibres in paper on the UV stability of thermochromic prints
Authors:   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia, Kulčar Rahela , Vukoje Marina ,   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia, Krajnović Ivana ,   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia, Rožić Mirela ,   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia
Published: November 2020

Recycled paper for environmentally conscious consumers can positively influence product selection. Thermochromic inks printed on such materials can give the product a special effect and increase its market competitiveness. During recycling, the paper is subjected to the action of various processes and chemicals, which later can have an impact on its stability, structural and optical properties. As is already known, the optical properties of paper affect the quality of the print. Thus, the goal of this study is to determine whether environmentally friendly substrates containing recycled fibres can be of the same quality as non-recycled substrates for the printing of thermochromic inks. For the research purposes, two commercially available thermochromic inks were printed on papers with a certain percentage of recycled fibres (33% and 100%). The results will show whether the percentage of fibres affects the colorimetic properties, dynamic characteristics of thermochromic inks and the UV stability during accelerated ageing of thermochromic prints.
Measurements of surface free energy as a tool to asses the effect of varnishing and printing of the paper substrates
Authors:   Warsaw University of Technology, Mechanics and Printing Institute, Faculty of Production Engineering, Warsaw, Poland, Żołek-Tryznowska Zuzanna , Więcek Marta ,   Warsaw University of Technology, Mechanics and Printing Institute, Faculty of Production Engineering, Warsaw, Poland
Published: November 2020

Nowadays, printing products might be finished in various ways. Varnishing process is one of the most popular finishing method which gives various effect, such as mate, glossy etc. However, the varnish layer applied on the paper is very thin, therefore it can be invisible to the naked human eye. The aim of this work was to use contact angle measurement and surface free energy determination as a tool to assess the effect of printing and varnishing process of paper materials. We have used various tools in order to analyses the changes of surface: surface roughness, gloss, water contact angle absorption and surface free energy determination. Those tools were used in order to confirm whether the print has been covered with varnish or not. In this work six various paper substrates were used (glossy, coated and un-coated papers). The printing and varnishing was performed in laboratory conditions using flexographic water-based printing and waterbased varnish. Samples were prepared as follows: paper with ink coating, paper with varnish coating and paper with ink layer and varnish layer on the top. The surface roughness was determinated of all samples and compared. The surface roughness changes were observed for pure paper, overprinted and overvarnished. Next, the gloss of samples prior and after printing and varnishing was measured. The gloss of the samples increases when they are printed or varnished, what is related with properties of ink and varnish. Also, the thickness of ink and varnish layers was determinated. The thickness of the samples increases when the number of layers increases. Finally, the water contact angle was measured and surface free energy was calculated with Owens-Wendt method. Our results reveal the possibility of using various tools in order to confirm the performance of varnishing of the prints. The printing with various colors is always seen by the naked human eye. On the other hand, the varnish layer might be not visible. However, such a comparison is not possible if we do not have the pure paper substrates prior printing or varnish.
The evaluation of the organic load of the waste offset developer with extraction methods
Authors:   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Graphic Engineering and Design, Novi Sad, Serbia, Adamović Savka , Pinćjer Ivan ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Graphic Engineering and Design, Novi Sad, Serbia, Banjanin Bojan ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Graphic Engineering and Design, Novi Sad, Serbia, Đurđević Stefan ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Graphic Engineering and Design, Novi Sad, Serbia, Miketić Nada ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Graphic Engineering and Design, Novi Sad, Serbia
Published: November 2020

The validation of the extraction method is significant for the characterization of the offset effluent and the selection of an adequate effluent treatment for its safe disposal in a printing environment. For the aforementioned reasons, the qualitative characterization of the organic load profile of the waste offset developer was evaluated based on the application of two liquid/liquid (L/L) extraction methods. The gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric (GC/MS) method was used for the qualitative detection of the organic compounds present in the offset effluent. The cumulative qualitative GC/MS profile of organic substances in the waste offset developer indicates that the effluent contains 69 organic compounds with a probability of presence higher than 70% according to the AMDIS software and the NIST database.
Pasta packaging with bio-based barrier to prevent insect infestation
Authors:   University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Department of Textiles, Graphic Arts and Design, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Vrabič Brodnjak Urška , Trematerra Pasquale ,   University of Molise, Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Campobasso, Italy
Published: November 2020

The results of the infestation by maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) in various packages filled with pasta are presented. Three different types of packaging were used, i.e. two paper tubes (a novel one laminated with bio-based polyethylene and one without lamination) and a commercially available polypropylene pillow pouch packaging. Material properties such as moisture and water resistance and compressive strength were analysed. The results obtained showed that adult maize weevils revealed significant preferences to penetrate the pasta packaging through the already existing holes that were present in the polypropylene packaging, whereas no infestation was observed inside the paper tube packaging. The study showed that the shape and construction, e.g. tube packaging with an innovative bio-polyethylene film, is very effective against insect infestation and mechanical overload.
Preliminary analysis of image processing-based evaluation of embossing quality
Authors:   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Graphic Engineering and Design, Novi Sad, Serbia, Pál Magdolna , Banjanin Bojan ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Graphic Engineering and Design, Novi Sad, Serbia, Dedijer Sandra ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Graphic Engineering and Design, Novi Sad, Serbia, Vladić Gojko ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Graphic Engineering and Design, Novi Sad, Serbia, Bošnjaković Gordana ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Graphic Engineering and Design, Novi Sad, Serbia
Published: November 2020

The embossing process in graphic industry utilizes custom made dies to create raised or lowered permanent relief patterns according to the design. It can be combined with other print finishing embellishments, such as foil stamping or pearlescent coating, but the simplest version of this process, the blind embossing is also a very effective technique to create a distinguished and sophisticated look. The quality control of embossing features was done only visually for a long time, but in the recent years it became an important target for graphic instrument manufacturers focusing on the embossing depth, as one of the most important parameters for high quality processing. This analysis was aiming to investigate the applicability of a simple flatbed scanner and the developed image processing algorithm for embossing quality evaluation. The results of detailed visual assessment of all scanned paper samples and the obtained values of average greyscale difference (shadow-based contrast), showed that single-level embossed samples can be realistically digitalized using a simple flatbed scanner, as an image acquisition equipment. Additionally, the proposed image feature, the shadow-based contrast had increasing tendency by increasing the applied compression force, in general, suggesting that it has a potential as an objective measure for the deformation rate in the embossing quality evaluation. The obtained results gathered for different combinations of observed parameters (paper grade, basis weight, type of test elements on the embossing dies) with the optimal compression forces, implied that the shadow-based contrast could be used as a reference parameter to ensure adequate visibility of embossed elements by defining the minimum value of needed contrast.
Packaging design and testing by eye tracking
Authors:   University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Department of Textiles, Graphic Arts and Design Ljubljana, Chair of Information and Graphic Arts Technology, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Franken Gregor
Published: November 2020

The importance of packaging design has been increasing in today’s competitive world. Approximately 70% of purchasing decisions are made in a store. Over 60% of purchasing decisions are based on packaging; the actual shopping is thus the final chance for the packaging to attract the buyer. Packaging has between 2 and 3 seconds to convince the buyer. In addition to the appearance of the individual packages, the appearance of brand packaging is important. We compared different designs of packages. Finally, we placed individual packages on the shelves in a store and carried out measurement of in-store noting. The measurements were carried out using eye tracking equipment (Tobii X120). For each participant, the observing time and the number of fixations in individual areas of interest were measured; both were then compared with heat maps. In this way, we compared the suitability of the form of individual packages and the salience of the packages on the shelves for potential buyers.
Analysis of raster imprints parameters on the basis of models and experimental research
Authors:   Ukrainian Academy of Printing, Lviv, Ukraine, Durnyak Bohdan , Lutskiv Mikola ,   Ukrainian Academy of Printing, Lviv, Ukraine, Petriaszwili Georgij ,   Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Mechanics and Printing, Warsaw, Poland, Shepita Petro ,   Ukrainian Academy of Printing, Lviv, Ukraine
Published: November 2020

Structural scheme of models for determining the integral density of raster scale of an imprint, raster tone in percentage, optical density of scales on the basis of the measured optical density of the solid area and other characteristics have been worked out. The results of imitation design in the form of characteristics for different parameters have been provided. Optical density of raster scales obtained on the models has been found out to be quite similar to the results of experimental studies.
The effect of deinking and binder type on inkjet print quality
Authors:   Marmara University, School of Applied Sciences, Printing Technologies, Istanbul, Turkey, Ozcan Arif , Arman Kandirmaz Emine ,   Marmara University, School of Applied Sciences, Printing Technologies, Istanbul, Turkey, Bunyamin Zelzele Omer ,   Marmara University, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Printing and Publishing Technologies, Istanbul, Turkey
Published: November 2020

In the printing industry, as in all other industries, efficient use of resources, sustainable production and economics are among the most important issues. The increasing use and purpose of printed products, the increasing consumer demands and the development of technology also increase the demand for paper products. Paper and cardboard materials in line with the increasing consumer demand to give better printing characteristics are implemented in a number of operations. These processes are sizing, coating, and calendering. The recycling and re-use of paper and cartons that have been treated on the surface may also differ from those that have not been treated on the surface. For this purpose, test prints were made on paper coated with cationic starch and PVOH binders and precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) pigment before and after recycling with Inkjet printing system, which is widely used today. The effect of both recycling and binder type on the quality of the resulting prints has been studied. The colour value, dot gain, whiteness and yellowness of the prints were made using X-Rite eXact spectrophotometer. The gloss measurements were carried out with BYK-Gardner glossmeter. In addition, images of coated papers were analyzed with scanning electron microscope SEM. As a result, it was determined that there was a negative change in the colour and whiteness of the papers after recycling, but the resulting papers had a good printability value when examined in terms of printability. It has also been concluded that the PVOH binder has a more positive impact on printability.
Developments in digital print standardization
Authors:   Hellenic Open University, School of Applied Arts, Patras, Greece, Trochoutsos Christos ,   HELGRAMED - The Hellenic Union of Graphic Arts & Media Technology Engineers, Athens, Greece, Politis Anastasios ,   University of West Attica, Graphic Arts Technology, Egaleo, Greece; Hellenic Open University, School of Applied Arts, Patras, Greece;HELGRAMED - The Hellenic Union of Graphic Arts & Media Technology Engineers, Athens, Greece
Published: November 2020

Digital Printing has been established as one of the most rapidly evolving printing processes since its first introduction in 1982. In the years that followed, digital printing became the one significant new technology for print media production. Digital printing is continuously changing the print media landscape. Although, DP creates structural changes in production workflow and processes, it lacks in terms of print standardization, compared to offset printing for example, where consistent aim values and guidelines apply by means of ISO 12647-2. This drawback basically depends on two factors, which are interrelated. Firstly, there are many different technologies that are used in digital printing, and, each of them shows substantial difference in printing technology, substrates, data preparation, process control and image quality requirements. Secondly, compared to conventional printing, some digital printing technologies are still developing. After all, digital printing is versatile and variable in every way and cannot be standardized under a single standard. A research on the digital printing technologies, processes and workflows is needed, to determine if a print specifications and quality controls (among them color management), can be applied in Digital Printing, and if possible, to which segment. Since color is very important to printing, especially in packaging and marketing applications, the print evolution demands for matching colors across technologies, substrates, materials and colorants. This paper intends to reveal the present status regarding Digital Printing Standardization. The question posed is whether standards can be applied and in which segments of digital printing either as technology or print sector (commercial decoration, packaging). Within the paper, an analysis of the current industrial typical guidelines ranging from data creation all the way to printing will be made. Guidelines that are determined either by the manufactures of the digital printing machines, or by Institutes, such as FOGRA are reviewed for output process control and colour fidelity. As such, this paper can be regarded as a first attempt to preview the basis where standardization for digital printing processes can be developed.
Prospects for the future of commercial printing
Authors:   Óbuda University, Institute of Media Technology and Light Industry Engineering, Budapest, Hungary, Horváth Csaba , Koltai László ,   Óbuda University, Institute of Media Technology and Light Industry Engineering, Budapest, Hungary, Maňúrová Klaudia ,   University of Sopron, József Cziráki Doctoral School of Wood Sciences and Technologies, Sopron, Hungary
Published: November 2020

The rate of change for the commercial printing industry with regard to technology, business models and customer demand is growing, and the landscape of the industry already looks vastly different from a few short decades ago. Across the commercial print sector today, there are many different types of companies – some very successful, with a young, skilled, enthusiastic workforce who have no trouble innovating and recruiting. However, as in any rapidly developing sector, other companies are trailing behind. Demographic changes are entering the market (Generation Z), as well as the upper levels of management in printing companies (Millennials), and “their preferences are now their demands”. This requires business models to be re-invented and a more intensive focus on issues relating to sustainability. The authors of the article summarize the future of the world of commercial printing and the current state of European commercial printing. They have based their work on a report published by the Smithers Research Institute in January 2020 on this topic and on the professional findings and arguments presented at major scientific conferences over the past two years, with the aim of getting these latest ideas to the earliest helping the researchers and practitioners to adapt to the rapidly changing situation and the challenge.
Analysis of observing and recognition profile facial images using eye tracking system
Authors:   University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Department of Textiles, Graphic Arts and Design, Chair of Information and Graphic Arts Technology, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Iskra Andrej , Gabrijelčič Tomc Helena ,   University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Department of Textiles, Graphic Arts and Design, Chair of Information and Graphic Arts Technology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Published: November 2020

Facial images have been the subject of research for many years, using the eye-tracking system. However, most researchers concentrate on the frontal view of facial images. Much less research has been done on faces shown at different angles or profile views of faces in facial images. However, as we know, in reality we often view faces from different angles and not just from a frontal view. In our research we used a profile presentation of facial images and analyzed memory and recognition depending on the display time and dimensions of the facial images. Two tests were performed, i.e. the observation and the recognition test, and we used the well-known yes/no detection theory. We used four different display times in the observation test (1, 2, 4 and 8 seconds) and two different dimensions of facial images 640 × 480 and 1280 × 960). All facial images were taken from the standardized face database Minear&Park. We measured the recognition success which is mostly presented as a discrimination index A’, incorrect recognition (FA – false alarm) and time-spatial method based on fixation duration and saccade length. In this case, eye tracking provides us with objective results when viewing facial images. In the results it was found that extending the display time of facial images improves recognition performance and that the dependence is logarithmic. At the same time, wrong recognition decreased. Both parameters are independent of the dimensions of the facial images. This fact has been proven by some other researchers also for frontal facial images. It was also discovered that with an increase of the display time of facial images an increase of the fixation duration and saccade lengths occurred. In all results we detected major changes at the display time of four seconds, which we consider as a time, where the subjects looked at the whole face and their gaze returned to the center of the face (in our case eye and mouth).
Immersive intercultural experience for graphic communication studies through virtual reality
Authors:   Taylors University, Faculty of Innovation & Technology, The Design School, Subang Jaya, Malaysia, Asrizal Razali Mohd , Ismail Noranis ,   Taylors University, Faculty of Innovation & Technology, The Design School, Subang Jaya, Malaysia, Hassim Nurzihan ,   Taylors University, Faculty of Social Sciences and Leisure Management, School of Media and Communication, Subang Jaya Malaysia
Published: November 2020

At Taylor’s University, Intercultural Design is a project-based module where students are exposed to different cultures of foreign countries and are required to understand the role of design in a wide cultural, political and social context. Through this experience in addition to reflective practice, conceptualizing of ideas and active experimentations, the participating graphic communication students interpret their immersion of culture subjectively and present a piece that communicates the said cultural elements to intended audiences. The present COVID-19 international travel restrictions had disrupted this knowledge acquisition process and posed limits of onsite exploration, engagement with foreign agencies and face-to-face interactions with communities and cultures. However, previous studies had posited the potential of utilizing similar approaches via virtual space, place metaphors and avatar-environment interaction. Henceforth, this paper explored Virtual Reality (VR) technology that replicated environments of foreign destinations and allowed students to map information from this perspective in order to produce a graphic design-based output. This paper intended to further examine the effectiveness of VR by comparing information and feedback of; 1)participating students who had firsthand experience of foreign environment, and 2) students who only have second hand experience via VR. This paper also proposed the suitable selection of VR tools based on cost, accessibility, technological requirements and immersion satisfaction via online learning. The results achieved during the analysis is pertinent to endorse the intention towards the use of VR tools for online collaborative and student-centered learning experience for this module.
Observation on creativity and spatial visualisation skills of graphic arts’ students
Authors:   University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Department of Textiles, Graphic Arts and Design, Chair of Information and Graphic Arts Technology, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Gabrijelčič Tomc Helena , Nuša Kočevar Tanja ,   University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Department of Textiles, Graphic Arts and Design, Chair of Information and Graphic Arts Technology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Published: November 2020

The aim of our research was to discover whether education in 3D computer graphics and visualisation can improve students' spatial visualisation skills and how the complex project as a design and synthesis of a 3D animation influences students' creativity. Spatial visualisation skills are extremely valuable in various professions, including graphic design and engineering, where 3D modelling and visualisation is becoming increasingly important for the qualitative execution of professional projects. Scientists define two types of three-dimensional skills, spatial visualisation and spatial orientation, where visualisation is understood as the ability to mentally rotate, flip and flip over presented images, while spatial orientation describes the ability to recognise the position or direction of objects in space. Creative process is defined as a sequence of thoughts and actions that lead to original and appropriate productions. The creative process can be discussed on two levels, i.e. macro and micro level with the related phases of the creative process: orientation, preparation, complementary stages after preparation, incubation, idea generation, production. The facultative course Advanced computer 3D graphic and visualisations is taught in the 2nd level studies of Graphic and interactive communication. Through project work, students are encouraged to use their creativity and imagination to create a visually attractive 3D animation that is also interesting in terms of content and in which they can convey the story they want to tell. For this reason, we often held individual sessions in which the teachers made profound corrections to the students' work and made suggestions for the further development of their projects. Experimental methods were: Questionnaires for self-assessment of the creativity process, whereby the students also interpreted their creative process with an illustration and the spatial visualisation test before and after the course. Regular evaluation of their project work with regard to the entire design process, i.e. 3D content creation, planning, technical approach and production, were also carried out. Results of the analysis present an interesting insight in students’ creative process, spatial ability and comprehension of 3D computer graphic that could be considered as teaching/learning guidelines in the coming academic years.
Applying graphic design principles on tea packaging
Authors:   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia, Kovačević Dorotea , Brozović Maja ,   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia, Banić Dubravko ,   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia
Published: November 2020

The aesthetic aspect of product packaging is a well-known factor in attracting consumers’ attention. One of the most common ways in achieving the aesthetic appearance of the packaging is applying graphic design principles. The purpose of the study was to explore how people perceive the attractiveness of tea packaging with different levels of graphic design principles applied. The graphic design principles applied on the packaging were: contrast, dominance, alignment, symmetry, consistency and colour harmony. The manipulation of these principles resulted in three different packaging samples that were tested: aesthetic packaging, partially-aesthetic packaging and non-aesthetic packaging. The participants’ tasks were to rate the attractiveness of each of the packaging samples and to select the one which they would like to buy. The statistical analysis showed that the results of both tests (rating and choice task) were consistent, indicating that the aesthetic packaging was appreciated the most, followed by the partially-aesthetic packaging and the non-aesthetic packaging. These results were the same even when taking into account whether the beauty of the packaging was important to the participants or not. The findings support the idea of using graphic design principles in packaging design whenever applicable.
Jewellery design and wearable applications: a design thinking approach
Authors:   University of Western Macedonia, Department of Product and Systems Design Engineering, Kila Kozani, Greece, Manavis Athanasios , Nazlidou Ioanna ,   University of Western Macedonia, Department of Product and Systems Design Engineering, Kila Kozani, Greece, Spahiu Tatjana ,   Polytechnic University of Tirana, Department of Textile and Fashion, Tirana, Albania, Kyratsis Panagiotis ,   University of Western Macedonia, Department of Product and Systems Design Engineering, Kila Kozani, Greece
Published: November 2020

The present paper examines the application of a holistic product design approach from the Design Thinking point of view. The Design Thinking process follows a number of steps with an aim to develop product design visual concepts around users’ experiences and their needs. The presented case study is focused to the modern jewellery design era. The proposed design was developed by using a series of design thinking methodologies (empathy maps, persona, product design) and creative tools (mind-maps, moodboards, sketches, storyboards, and prototyping). Furthermore, through this holistic design approach an alternative version of future jewelries is achieved, while at the same time it embodies novel technologies and web-based applications. The paper discusses the potentials for reimagining the jewellery products in relation to the Design Thinking Process and CAD-based tools at the same time. Finally, the proposed products provide a novel framework of art and new technology methods for extensive production of innovative art-based products.
Influences of Japanese prints on European printmaking (in the case of Degas-Manzi partnership)
Authors:   Altinbas University Vocational School, Graphic Design Department, Istanbul, Turkey Yildiz Technical University, Faculty of Art and Design, Art and Design Departmant, Beris Yeter , Erim Gulacti İsmail ,   Yildiz Technical University, Faculty of Art and Design, Departmant of Art, Istanbul, Turkey
Published: November 2020

Contemporary artists have included classical methods together with innovative digital printing technologies to their artistic manufactures and thus their technological production interactions have been reflected on current art as well. Today’s artists have also been in collaboration with each other by involving the digital printing technologies which kept advancing during the recent 20 years in their works of art just like Degas and Manzi did in their relationships of production partnerships in 19th Century. Besides, those opinions which originated from modernism ideas and movements consist of the core of this cooperation post Industrial Revolution era. Therefore, the concept of nationalism, the devastating consequences of the world wars and the latest industrial and technological advancements have all transformed human life irreversibly. Consequently, during this transformation era, various significant movements of art such as Impressionism and Expressionism emerged in the 20th century and representatives of those art movements substituted such a lot of printmaking practices in their works of art. None of those mentioned above took place in other previous movements of art. They reflected their points of view that they display social movements and none of the other artists who represent other senses of art have ever exhibited such a lot of printmaking practices. Thus, various printing technologies which present a new laboratory environment to the artists. As a result of this, printing technologies have been preferred as a sort of new artistic media value and it started to take its prominent place in collections of art as well as in museums during artistic presentations. Within this context, this article aims at studying the phenomenon of art by considering how it has changed during the historical process by examining those works of art which reveal these variations. Common production and working techniques in traditional printmaking, contributions of the technological advantages to the artistic manufacture. Besides, periodical innovations will be examined and presented by introducing an updated point of view to the topic within the content of this article that contain some citations from the second part of the thesis titled “Effects of fine art printmaking on the phenomenon of contemporary art”.
Mathematical modelling of optical density on the example of producing rasterized films
Authors:   Ukrainian Academy of Printing, Lviv, Ukraine, Durnyak Bohdan , Lutskiv Mikola ,   Ukrainian Academy of Printing, Lviv, Ukraine, Buben Vitalij ,   Ukrainian Academy of Printing, Lviv, Ukraine, Shepita Petro ,   Ukrainian Academy of Printing, Lviv, Ukraine, Petriaszwili Georgij ,   Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Mechanics and Printing, Warsaw, Poland, Żołek-Tryznowska Zuzanna ,   Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Mechanics and Printing, Warsaw, Poland
Published: November 2020

A mathematical model of optical density of rasterized films has been improved, which has significantly increased the calculation accuracy of the optical density, especially at low intensities of the light areas of the image of 0-5%. The results of the simulation have been presented in the form of graphs of the optical densities characteristics for various parameters and their properties have been analysed.
Development of children´s cognitive abilities through interactive applications
Authors:   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia, Mauzner Filip , Mandić Lidija ,   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia, Agić Ana ,   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia, Pibernik Jesenka ,   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia
Published: November 2020

In this paper we present the development of cognitive abilities in kindergarten children with interactive applications. Practical part includes the design of application prototype used for the development of cognitive abilities in children age three to four. It comprises three categories in which children’s cognitive abilities are tested and being developed. The categories are colors, numbers, shapes and sizes.
The analysis of graphic design platforms used in social media marketing
Authors:   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Novi Sad, Serbia, Mitrović Ksenija , Jakšić Anja ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Novi Sad, Serbia, Spajić Jelena ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Novi Sad, Serbia
Published: November 2020

Development of the internet conditioned the evolution of marketing. Nowadays, organizations have relocated their marketing activities on the internet, so digital marketing comes into focus, as the most influential branch of marketing. A progress of digital marketing activities established the appearance of different digital marketing elements, among which social media marketing becomes more prevalent. Social media marketing is an inevitable element of digital marketing strategy and nowadays business. In order to complement social media marketing activities, graphic design is used as a crucial part of a content strategy. This paper focuses on the importance of effective visual content for social media and the usage of different tools that can facilitate and improve its creation. Social media users interact with visual content. In order to achieve higher engagement, social media posts are enriched with compelling visuals. Social media have become a real field for competition in terms of creating competitive content and attracting more users’ attention. The aim of this paper is to analyze the effectiveness of online graphic design tools that are used for creating visual content adapted to the requirements of communication on social networks. Given the importance of visuals in social media marketing, an abundance of tools are created with different features in order to support content design. These online platforms offer complete customization options, a wide range of different editing tools and templates and diverse functionalities. Visual content, through social media platforms, boosts user awareness of existing brands and makes it easier for users to associate with the organization. Through a relevant literature review in the field of social media marketing, the importance of visual elements and graphic design in online marketing communication is emphasized. In addition, this paper provides a comparative analysis of the most commonly used online tools and platforms that provide graphic design solutions and increase the effectiveness of online marketing campaigns.
Evaluation of the impact of an awareness-based animation on students’ knowledge about mental illness
Authors:   University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Department of Textiles, Graphic Arts and Design, Chair of Information and Graphic Arts Technology, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Plot Mojca , Roškar Saška ,   National Institute of Public Health, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Gabrijelčič Tomc Helena ,   University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Department of Textiles, Graphic Arts and Design, Chair of Information and Graphic Arts Technology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Published: November 2020

Animation is an exceptionally good medium for educating and raising awareness of the issues that are more difficult to talk about, such as mental illness. The use of animation and graphics in society awareness and education can improve knowledge and communication about issues related to mental illness. Despite various destigmatization activities, people are still reluctant to directly approach individuals suffering from mental illness, partly because they do not have enough knowledge on the subject. Therefore, the aim of our study was to test whether animation can improve the knowledge about appropriate / inappropriate conversations with a person suffering from depression in a Slovenian student population. We focused on education and awareness-based animation (adapted to the target group) to evoke empathy without arousing pity and to indirectly encourage people in need and others to talk about it. The methodology included the surveying of the participants and their knowledge about appropriate and inappropriate conversations with a person suffering from depression (22 phrases, 11 appropriate and 11 inappropriate). 251 participants aged 19 to 30 completed the survey. Participants were asked to rate each phrase for appropriateness on a 5-point Likert scale before and after being exposed to the animation. The results obtained were analysed using the paired samples t-test. The desired change in knowledge was confirmed by comparing the average scores of the survey responses before and after viewing the animation. A statistically significant result was obtained in 18 of 22 sentences. A change in the desired direction was detected in 81% of the statements. Our study had some limitations, but we nevertheless conclude that an awareness-based animation can be a useful tool to increase knowledge and subsequently influence behavioural change in the student population.
The relationship between social roles of contemporary art museums and digitalization
Authors:   Yıldız Technical University, Student in Art and Design PhD Programme, İstanbul Turkey Hasan Kalyoncu University, Faculty of Communication, Visual Communication Design Department, Gaziantep, Turkey, Güner Atiye , Erim Gülaçtı İsmail ,   Yıldız Technical University, Faculty of Art and Design, Department of Art, İstanbul Turkey
Published: November 2020

This paper was adapted from the author’s PhD dissertation named “The Effects of Digitalization on Contemporary Art Museums and Galleries”. The digital age has started with the digitalization of information and information communication. The digitalization processes that accelerated with the rapid developments in information and communication technologies have deeply affected museums. Museums are information-based organizations, their primary functions are to protect and spread information. Digitalized information and information communication have obligated contemporary art museums to follow digitalization processes. In this process, technological convergence is another factor that accelerates digitalization of contemporary art museums. ICOM has defined a contemporary museum as a polyphonic platform including participatory, inclusive and democratizing elements. When all these concepts are considered, the importance of communication between museum-community becomes apparent. Today, contemporary art museums have taken communication to their focal points. Museum-society communication is experienced in contemporary art museums through artistic activities as well as institution's communication-oriented strategies. Contemporary art activities using digital technologies and multimedia technologies generally require audience participation. Global access and various digital platforms provide the society with equal access to museums and art events, as well as making the arts of various countries and identities more visible. In the field of education, contemporary art museums develop projects by cooperating with various institutions. The effective use of digital platforms and institutional pages serves as a catalyst in the realization of these roles that museums undertake. Innovations in information and communication technologies accelerate the digitalization processes and serve as a mediator in maintaining the social roles of museums. For example, it can be said that technological convergence increases the number of museum visitors, therefore, it is the mediator of the social roles of museums. Technologies such as virtual reality, augmented reality and artificial intelligence, which are used in exhibition design in museums, require audience interaction. Digital art based on digital technology takes its place in contemporary art museums. In this study, it was aimed to reveal that social roles undertaken by contemporary art museums, such as participatory, inclusive, democratizing and polyphonic roles, are closely related to the digitalization of institutions and that digitalization acts as a catalyst for these roles.
Mechanical and chemical resistance of thermochromic packaging prints
Authors:   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia, Jamnicki Hanzer Sonja , Kulčar Rahela ,   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia, Vukoje Marina ,   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia, Širol Petra ,   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia
Published: November 2020

Thermochromic inks are temperature-sensitive materials that change colour due to a temperature change. These inks are mostly printed on smart packaging applications where they are used in a form of temperature indicators. The colorants in these inks are microencapsulated which makes the prints obtained with these inks more sensitive to abrasion in comparison to the prints obtained with conventional inks. Thermochromic prints are also very sensitive to adverse environmental conditions, such as exposure to UV light, heat and certain chemicals and solvents. Abrasion and chemical resistance of thermochromic prints obtained on metallized label papers are discussed in this paper. For that purpose, two thermochromic UV screen inks were printed on two types of metalized papers that are commonly used as food packaging labels. The prints thus obtained were then subjected to a rub test in accordance with standard method BS 3110. Rub test was performed using Hanatek RT4 Rub and Abrasion Tester. The degree of rubbing was assessed by visual inspection and by detection of the colorimetric changes on the prints after their exposure to rubbing. Assessment of prints' resistance to various liquid agents (water, ethanol and citric acid) was done in accordance to standard method ISO 2836. Evaluation of chemical degradation on prints was done by the spectrophotometric measurements. The results of conducted research showed good rub resistance of these inks, as no rubbing was detected, but poor resistance to all liquid agents they were exposed to. Exposure to ethanol, particularly, caused severe damage to the prints. The bleeding of the colorants from the prints was also detected. However, even though the prints were not able to completely withstand exposure to specific liquid agents which was demonstrated by their optical deterioration, the thermochromic effect was still present in them after resistance tests were conducted.