bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mothers’ intentions and behaviours regarding providing risk communication to their daughters about their possibility of being haemophilia carriers: A qualitative study
Authors: Fujii Tomie , Fujii Teruhisa , Miyakoshi Yukiko
Published: October 2019

Introduction

Prophylactic replacement therapy has enabled improvements in the quality of life of patients with haemophilia. However, these patients and their families continue to report psychosocial problems regarding pregnancy and childbirth. In a situation where there is little medical support for haemophilia carriers (HCs), parents must inform their children regarding their possibility of being HCs.

Aim

This study aimed to elucidate intentions and challenges among mothers with daughters who may be HCs, regarding providing them with carrier risk communication (RC).

Methods

Study participants were mothers with daughters who have the possibility of being HCs. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 20 mothers and were fully transcribed. The analysis was undertaken using a grounded theory‐informed approach, through a process of repeated inductive and deductive qualitative coding.

Results

The study included 14 mothers who had already provided RC to their daughters, five who had not yet provided RC but who intended to do so, and one with no intention of providing RC. Mothers who had already provided RC included those who were not troubled and those who experienced psychological difficulties regarding the RC. Participants who had not provided RC experienced difficulties with ‘not knowing what to do’ and feelings of ‘anxiety due to uncertainty’ and reported not knowing the best RC method or timing.

Conclusion

The study revealed a need for support for persons experiencing difficulties with informing their daughters of their possibility of being HCs. Healthcare professionals can advise parents to reduce the burden of providing carrier RC to their daughters.
Influence of patient and hospital characteristics on inpatient satisfaction in China's tertiary hospitals: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Hu LinLin , Ding Hui , Liu Shiyang , Wang Zijuan , Hu Guangyu , Liu Yuanli
Published: October 2019

Background

Patient satisfaction has been seen as a key criterion when evaluating hospitals and is one of the main focuses of the current health‐care reform in China. This paper aimed to explore patient‐ and hospital‐level factors associated with inpatient satisfaction, which can provide policy implications for the evaluation and development of a patient‐oriented health‐care system.

Methods

The paper analyses data from the 2017 China National Patient Survey which includes 20 300 inpatients from 131 tertiary hospitals across 31 provinces. Descriptive analysis and multivariable logistic regressions are conducted to identify key factors related to satisfaction.

Results

Patient sociodemographic characteristics, including gender, age, income and insurance type, are found to be strongly associated with their satisfaction of inpatient experience. In terms of institutional characteristics, hospital type, size, staffing and financial performance are also significantly correlated with inpatient satisfaction. Patients are more satisfied with specialist hospitals and large hospitals measured by the number of beds and surgeries. Hospitals with higher nurse‐to‐bed ratio also receive more satisfaction. The financial performance of hospitals, however, is negatively associated with satisfaction.

Conclusion

Patient satisfaction contains unique information on service quality and thus should be incorporated into the matrix of hospital evaluation. Meanwhile, differences in patient composition must be adjusted to make fair comparisons across hospitals. Moreover, future reform needs to put greater efforts in the design of comprehensive public insurance scheme, efficient hospital structure and an overall well‐functioning health‐care delivery system in order to better serve patients in China.
AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF COOPERATION IN THE DYNAMIC COMMON POOL GAME
Authors: Vespa Emanuel
Published: October 2019

This article studies experimentally to what extent subjects can cooperate in a dynamic common pool game, where the stage game changes endogenously. Although efficiency can be supported with strategies that condition on history, the main finding is that it is difficult to cooperate. Even if the incentives to cooperate are large, modal behavior can be rationalized with equilibrium Markov strategies that do not condition on history. The popularity of Markov strategies, however, is decreasing in the incentives to cooperate. The evidence also suggests that strategic uncertainty added by facing stage games that change in time may move play away from efficiency.
Determinants of indebtedness among young adults: Impacts of lender guidelines, explicit information and financial (over)confidence
Authors: Carlsson Hauff Jeanette , Nilsson Jonas
Published: October 2019

For most people, borrowing money is a necessary aspect of life in the 21st century. Wisely handled, loans give consumers access to consumption too expensive for most individuals to purchase with cash, such as homes and cars. However, history shows that taking ontoo muchdebt can be detrimental for the individual consumer as well as society as a whole. In this paper, we investigate determinants of over‐indebtedness among young adults. We perform three studies in a setting focused on buying and borrowing money for a home. We show that, compared with an overall mortgage amount, explicit information about monthly payments reduces the tendency to take on too much debt (Study 1), that the amount borrowed depends on standards regarding the loan amount communicated through guidelines from the lender (Study 2), and that borrowers who are overconfident about their financial abilities tend to borrow more than less confident individuals (Study 3). These determinants and their policy implications are discussed.
Managing International Migration: Rethinking Transaction Costs, Red Tape, and Their Impact
Authors: Visvizi Anna , Pachocka Marta , Lytras Miltiadis D.
Published: October 2019

The debate on migration is bound to be tough and uneasy, and yet it is necessary to ask the difficult questions and listen to arguments that we may not like. Only in this way, it will be possible to have a solid and healthy discussion on the prospect of an efficient global governance regime. This Special Section addresses this imperative by exploring the prospect of turning away from ad hoc migration management towards holistic global migration governance. Migration defies any moral judgment and imposes moral obligations on those more fortunate. Tools and, so, policies are needed to follow this moral imperative of serving without harming. Transaction costs and red tape are nevertheless central in the debate. This Special Section sheds some light on it.
Extensive left atrial ablation was associated with exacerbation of left atrial stiffness and dyspnea
Authors: Moon Inki , Lee Seo‐young , Lee Euijae , Lee So‐Ryoung , Cha Myung‐Jin , Choi Eue‐Keun , Oh Seil
Published: October 2019

Introduction

The left atrium (LA), including the pulmonary vein antrum, is the main target of catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF). However, there is a lack of data on the effect of extensive LA ablation on LA stiffness. This study sought to investigate the impact of extensive LA ablation on LA stiffness and dyspnea after the restoration of sinus rhythm.

Methods

In total, 97 patients with AF (80 patients who only underwent pulmonary vein isolation [PVI] and 17 patients who underwent extensive LA ablation) were investigated. Extensive LA ablation was defined as PVI plus at least two sets of LA linear‐line ablation. LA stiffness was estimated using the ratio of E/e’ to global longitudinal LA strain, as measured by echocardiography. The clinical outcomes we evaluated were AF recurrence and composite dyspnea, which we defined as newly prescribed diuretics or hospitalization for heart failure.

Results

Patients were 59.3 ± 10.0 years old on average, and 68 (70.1%) were male. There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics or echocardiographic parameters before ablation between the two groups. After ablation, LA stiffness was higher in the extensive ablation group compared with that in the PVI group (0.9 ± 0.6 vs 0.5 ± 0.3, respectively, P = .017). Multivariable linear regression analysis showed that extensive ablation increased LA stiffness (ß = 0.363, P < .001). AF recurrence was similar in both groups; however, composite dyspnea outcomes were worse in the extensive ablation group (P = .003).

Conclusion

Extensive LA ablation was associated with a worsening of LA stiffness. This might explain dyspnea despite the successful restoration of sinus rhythm.
Effect and mechanisms of sacral nerve stimulation on visceral hypersensitivity mediated by nerve growth factor
Authors: Jiang Liuqin , Ye Bixing , Wang Yun , Yu Ting , Xu Hairong
Published: October 2019

To investigate the efficacy of sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) on nerve growth factor (NGF) mediated visceral sensitivity in normal rat and visceral hypersensitivity model rats. 120 male newborn rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: group A was normal model group; group B ~ F were all sensitized with acetic acid enema and grouped again. Group c2 was given NGF antagonist, d2 group was given NGF agonist, e2 group was given PI3K inhibitor, and f2 group was given PLC‐γ inhibitor. After treatment, the expression of NGF, TrKA, PI3K, AKT, PLC‐γ, NF‐κB, TRPV1, pTRPV1 and intracellular Ca2+ content were detected. The expression of protein TRPV1 and pTRPV1 was increased, and Ca2+ was increased in the visceral hypersensitive group. NGF, TrKA in NGF antagonist group, PI3K, AKT, NF‐κB in PI3K inhibitor group, PLC‐γ in PLC‐γ inhibitor group were all almost not expressed. The relative expression of NGF, TrKA, PI3K, AKT, PLC‐γ and NF‐κB in NGF antagonist group was lower than that in visceral hypersensitivity group and NGF activator group (P < .01). The relative expression of NGF, TrKA, PI3K and AKT mRNA in NGF antagonist group was lower than that in the normal model group (P < .01). There was no significant difference in the relative expression of PLC‐γ and NF‐κB mRNA (P > .05). The expression level of MAPK, ERK1 and ERK2 in visceral hypersensitivity group was higher than that in PI3K inhibitor group and PLC‐γ inhibitor group. The normal group Ca2+ curve was flat, and the NGF agonist group had the highest Ca2+ curve peak. Calcium concentration in visceral hypersensitivity group was higher than that in PI3K inhibitor group and that in PLC‐γ inhibitor group was higher than that in NGF antagonist group. The binding of TrkA receptor to NGF activates the MAPK/ERK pathway, the PI3K/Akt pathway and the PLC‐γ pathway, causing changes in the fluidity of intracellular and extracellular Ca2+, resulting in increased sensitivity of visceral tissues and organs.
In silico identification of thiostrepton as an inhibitor of cancer stem cell growth and an enhancer for chemotherapy in non–small‐cell lung cancer
Authors: Huang Tse‐Hung , Wu Alexander T. H. , Cheng Tai‐Shan , Lin Kuan‐Ting , Lai Chia‐Jou , Hsieh Hao‐Wen , Chang Peter Mu‐Hsin , Wu Cheng‐Wen , Huang Chi‐Ying F. , Chen Kuan‐Yu
Published: October 2019

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play an important role in cancer treatment resistance and disease progression. Identifying an effective anti‐CSC agent may lead to improved disease control. We used CSC‐associated gene signatures to identify drug candidates that may inhibit CSC growth by reversing the CSC gene signature. Thiostrepton, a natural cyclic oligopeptide antibiotic, was the top‐ranked candidate. In non–small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, thiostrepton inhibited CSC growth in vitro and reduced protein expression of cancer stemness markers, including CD133, Nanog and Oct4A. In addition, metastasis‐associated Src tyrosine kinase signalling, cell migration and epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) were all inhibited by thiostrepton. Mechanistically, thiostrepton treatment led to elevated levels of tumour suppressor miR‐98. Thiostrepton combined with gemcitabine synergistically suppressed NSCLC cell growth and induced apoptosis. The inhibition of NSCLC tumours and CSC growth by thiostrepton was also demonstrated in vivo. Our findings indicate that thiostrepton, an established drug identified in silico, is an inhibitor of CSC growth and a potential enhancer of chemotherapy in NSCLC.
LncRNA ZEB1‐AS1 down‐regulation suppresses the proliferation and invasion by inhibiting ZEB1 expression in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Zhao Yan , Wang Ning , Zhang Xiaosan , Liu Hongtao , Yang Shujun
Published: October 2019

Multiple studies have unveiled that long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a pivotal role in tumour progression and metastasis. However, the biological role of lncRNA ZEB1‐AS1 in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains under investigation, and thus, the current study was to investigate the functions of ZEB1‐AS1 in proliferation and invasion of ESCC. Here, we discovered that ZEB1‐AS1 and ZEB1 were markedly up‐regulated in ESCC tissues and cells relative to their corresponding normal control. ZEB1‐AS1 and ZEB1 overexpressions were both related to TNM staging and lymph node metastasis as well as poor prognosis in ESCC. The hypomethylation of ZEB1‐AS1 promoter triggered ZEB1‐AS1 overexpression in ESCC tissues and cells. In addition, ZEB1‐AS1 knockdown mediated by siRNA markedly suppressed the proliferation and invasion in vitro in EC9706 and TE1 cells, which was similar with ZEB1 siRNA treatment, coupled with EMT alterations including the up‐regulation of E‐cadherin level as well as the down‐regulation of N‐cadherin and vimentin levels. Notably, ZEB1‐AS1 depletion dramatically down‐regulated ZEB1 expression in EC9706 and TE1 cells, and ZEB1 overexpression obviously reversed the inhibitory effects of proliferation and invasion triggered by ZEB1‐AS1 siRNA. ZEB1‐AS1 shRNA evidently inhibited tumour growth and weight, whereas ZEB1 elevation partly recovered the tumour growth in ESCC EC9706 and TE1 xenografted nude mice. In conclusion, ZEB1‐AS1 overexpression is tightly involved in the development and progression of ESCC, and it exerts the antitumour efficacy by regulating ZEB1 level in ESCC.
Manganese activates autophagy to alleviate endoplasmic reticulum stress–induced apoptosis via PERK pathway
Authors: Liu Chang , Yan Dong‐Ying , Wang Can , Ma Zhuo , Deng Yu , Liu Wei , Xu Bin
Published: October 2019

Overexposure to manganese (Mn) is neurotoxic. Our previous research has demonstrated that the interaction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and autophagy participates in the early stage of Mn‐mediated neurotoxicity in mouse. However, the mechanisms of ER stress signalling pathways in the initiation of autophagy remain confused. In the current study, we first validated that ER stress–mediated cell apoptosis is accompanied by autophagy in SH‐SY5Y cells. Then, we found that inhibiting ER stress with 4‐phenylbutyrate (4‐PBA) decreased ER stress–related protein expression and reduced cell apoptosis, whereas blocking autophagy with 3‐methyladenine (3‐MA) increased cell apoptosis. These data indicate that protective autophagy was activated to alleviate ER stress–mediated apoptosis. Knockdown of the protein kinase RNA‐like ER kinase (PERK) gene inhibited Mn‐induced autophagy and weakened the interaction between ATF4 and the LC3 promoter. Our results reveal a novel molecular mechanism in which ER stress may regulate autophagy via the PERK/eIF2α/ATF4 signalling pathway. Additionally, Mn may activate protective autophagy to alleviate ER stress–mediated apoptosis via the PERK/eIF2α/ATF4 signalling pathway in SH‐SY5Y cells.
Sublethal larval exposure to imidacloprid impacts adult behaviour in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Young Helen K. , Denecke Shane M. , Robin Charles , Fournier‐Level Alexandre
Published: October 2019

Pesticides are now chronically found in numerous ecosystems incurring widespread toxic effects on multiple organisms. For insects, the larvae are very exposed to pesticide pollution and the acute effect of insecticides on larvae has been characterized in a range of species. However, the carry‐on effects in adults of sublethal exposure occurring in larvae are not well characterized. Here, we use a collection of strains of Drosophila melanogaster differing in their larval resistance to a commonly used insecticide, imidacloprid, and we test the effect of larval exposure on behavioural traits at the adult stage. Focusing on locomotor activity and on courtship and mating behaviour, we observed a significant carry‐on effect of imidacloprid exposure. The heritability of activity traits measured in flies exposed to imidacloprid was higher than measured in controls and in these, courtship traits were genetically less correlated from mating success. Altogether, we did not observe a significant effect of the larval insecticide resistance status on adult behavioural traits, suggesting that selection for resistance in larvae does not involve repeatable behavioural changes in adults. This lack of correlation between larval resistance and adult behaviour also suggests that resistance at the larval stage does not necessarily result in increased behavioural resilience at a later life stage. These findings imply that selection for resistance in larvae as well as for behavioural resilience to sublethal exposure in adult will combine and impose a greater evolutionary constraint. Our conclusions further substantiate the need to encompass multiple trait measures and life stages in toxicological assays to properly assess the environmental impact of pesticides.
To pool or not to pool? Guidelines for pooling samples for use in surveillance testing of infectious diseases in aquatic animals
Authors: Laurin Emilie , Thakur Krishna , Mohr Peter G. , Hick Paul , Crane Mark St. J. , Gardner Ian A. , Moody Nicholas J. G. , Colling Axel , Ernst Ingo
Published: October 2019

Samples from multiple animals may be pooled and tested to reduce costs of surveillance for infectious agents in aquatic animal populations. The primary advantage of pooling is increased population‐level coverage when prevalence is low (<10%) and the number of tests is fixed, because of increased likelihood of including target analyte from at least one infected animal in a tested pool. Important questions and a priori design considerations need to be addressed. Unfortunately, pooling recommendations in disease‐specific chapters of the 2018 OIE Aquatic Manual are incomplete and, except for amphibian chytrid fungus, are not supported by peer‐reviewed research. A systematic review identified only 12 peer‐reviewed aquatic diagnostic accuracy and surveillance studies using pooled samples. No clear patterns for pooling methods and characteristics were evident across reviewed studies, although most authors agreed there is a negative effect on detection. Therefore, our purpose was to review pooling procedures used in published aquatic infectious disease research, present evidence‐based guidelines, and provide simulated data examples for white spot syndrome virus in shrimp. A decision tree of pooling guidelines was developed for use by peer‐reviewed journals and research institutions for the design, statistical analysis and reporting of comparative accuracy studies of individual and pooled tests for surveillance purposes.
Comparative genome analysis reveals a distinct influence of nucleotide composition on virus–host species‐specific interaction of prawn‐infecting nodavirus
Authors: Ismail Siti Noor Fatimah Binti , Baharum Syarul Nataqain , Fazry Shazrul , Low Chen Fei
Published: October 2019

Discovery of species‐specific interaction between the host and virus has drawn the interest of many researchers to study the evolution of the newly emerged virus. Comparative genome analysis provides insights of the virus functional genome evolution and the underlying mechanisms of virus–host interactions. The analysis of nucleotide composition signified the evolution of nodavirus towards host specialization in a host‐specific mutation manner. GC‐rich genome of betanodavirus was significantly deficient in UpA and UpU dinucleotides composition, whilst the AU‐rich genome of gammanodavirus was deficient in CpG dinucleotide. The capsid of MrNV and PvNV of gammanodavirus retains the highest abundance of adenine and uracil at the second codon position, respectively, which were found to be very distinctive from the other genera. ENC‐GC3 plot inferred the influence of natural selection and mutational pressure in shaping the evolution of MrNV RdRp and capsid, respectively. Furthermore, CAI/eCAI analysis predicts a comparable adaptability of MrNV in squid, Sepia officinalis than its natural host, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Thus, further study is warranted to investigate the capacity of MrNV replication in S. officinalis owing to its high codon adaptation index.
Rheological and microstructural characterization of royal jelly at different temperatures
Authors: Saricaoglu Furkan T. , Cinar Aycan , Demircan Huseyin , Oral Rasim A.
Published: October 2019

In this study, effect of temperature (4, 10, 25, and 35°C) on microstructural and rheological properties of royal jelly (RJ) was investigated. Our results indicated that pH and proximate composition of RJ was insignificantly affected by temperature, but °Brix values increased. Microstructural images showed that RJ particles were homogeneous at 10 and 25°C, but swelled at 35°C. RJ samples showed shear thinning behavior with yield stress. The increasing temperature caused the increase of yield stress due to swelling of particles. All samples were characterized as weak gel‐like behavior because
G′ > G″ at up to 100 rad/s. Three interval thixotropic test (3ITT) showed that RJ samples could partially recover after high shear deformation, but increasing temperature decreased recovery percentage of samples. This study revealed that the temperature of RJ should never exceed to 10°C to obtain better recovery during the processing.

Practical applications

Apicultural products such as royal jelly (RJ) have become very important nutritional products in recent times due to bioactive properties and are increasingly attracted by consumers. Bioactive properties of RJ can highly be deteriorated by process temperature and storage conditions. RJ has creamy and milk‐like structure and contains high amounts of proteins and carbohydrates. Therefore, the rheological characterization of RJ can provide significant information about structure, freshness, end product quality for consumers, as well as process equipment design and energy consumption for manufacturers. The freshness of RJ is determined with the analysis of 10‐HDA, furosine, superoxide dismutase and 57 kDa proteins. This study revealed that the rheological characterization of RJ at different temperatures may be helpful to estimate freshness and process conditions easier than analytical methods.
Evaluating and comparing the morphological and histopathological changes induced by erbium:yttrium‐aluminum‐garnet laser and diamond bur on enamel, dentin and pulp tissue
Authors: Shamsudeen Shaik Mohamed , Thavarajah Rooban , Joshua Elizabeth , Rao Uma Devi K. , Kannan Ranganathan
Published: October 2019

Aim

Lasers are used for different types of dental treatments. Using the erbium:yttrium‐aluminum‐garnet (Er:YAG) laser to remove dental hard tissue is simple, advantageous and influences the type of cavity preparation, whether conventional or conservative in nature. The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare the morphological and histopathological changes in the enamel, dentin and pulp tissue of the teeth treated by Er:YAG laser and conventional burs.

Methods

A conventional class I cavity was prepared in orthodontic patients by laser and bur. The teeth were extracted and analyzed for morphological changes using a scanning electron microscope, ground sections and histopathological changes under a light microscope.

Results

The time with laser was longer than the conventional methods. The lased cavity showed irregular appearance with absence of smear layer which is suitable for the resin restoration. The ground section and the histopathological study showed no differences between the groups.

Conclusion

The Er:YAG laser is effective in the removal of dental hard tissue without damaging the pulp when coupled with ideal energy output. It is widely used in different dental fields. It needs time to be accepted by dentist and patients and further studies are required to explore its advantages.
Evaluation of biologic implant success parameters in type 2 diabetic glycemic control patients versus healthy patients: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Lagunov Victor L. , Sun Jing , George Roy
Published: October 2019

Aim

The aim of the present systematic literature review was to evaluate bleeding on probing (BOP), pocket depth (PD), and marginal bone loss (MBL) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) control patients.

Methods

An electronic literature search was conducted through PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, Embase, and ScienceDirect. The search included prospective human clinical studies that analyzed the success of dental implants in T2DM control patients. For inclusion, studies should have had a minimum of 1‐year follow up and should have assessed the following parameters: MBL, BOP and PD. Prior to meta‐analysis, all of the studies were assessed for quality, bias, and heterogeneity.

Results

Risk of bias analysis indicated that all studies were of moderate quality. After a full‐text evaluation, only seven studies met the inclusion criteria for this meta‐analysis, with a combined total of 443 patients and 530 dental implants. The meta‐analysis indicated a statistically significant difference between parameters of implants placed in the glycemic‐controlled group and healthy group in MBL (P < .001), BOP (P < .04), and PD (P < .001).

Conclusion

The results of the present study indicated that, despite being glycemic controlled, patients with T2DM were associated with a higher risk of peri‐implant disease.
The masks of Lorenzo Tenchini: their anatomy and surgical/bioengineering clues
Authors: Barbaro Fulvio , Consolini Elia , Toscani Giulia , Zini Nicoletta , Dallatana Davide , Setti Pietro , Mosca Salvatore , Di Conza Giusy , Bassi Elena , Quarantini Enrico , Quarantini Marco , Raposio Edoardo , Gorreri Marina , Porro Alessandro , Toni Roberto
Published: October 2019

An academic, anatomist, and Lombrosian psychiatrist active at the University of Parma in Italy at the end of the 19th century, Lorenzo Tenchini produced ceroplastic‐like masks that are unique in the anatomical Western context. These were prepared from 1885 to 1893 with the aim of ‘cataloguing’ the behaviour of prison inmates and psychiatric patients based on their facial surface anatomy. Due to the lack of any reference to the procedure used to prepare the masks, studies were undertaken by our group using X‐ray scans, infrared spectroscopy, bioptic sampling, and microscopy analysis of the mask constituents. Results showed that the masks were stratified structures including plaster, cotton gauze/human epidermis, and wax, leading to a fabrication procedure reminiscent of ‘additive layer manufacturing’. Differences in the depths of these layers were observed in relation to the facial contours, suggesting an attempt to reproduce, at least partially, the three‐dimensional features of the facial soft tissues. We conclude the Tenchini masks are the first historical antecedent of the experimental method for face reconstruction used in the early 2000s to test the feasibility of transferring a complete strip of face and scalp from a deceased donor to a living recipient, in preparation for a complete face transplant. In addition, the layering procedure adopted conceptually mimics that developed only in the late 20th century for computer‐aided rapid prototyping, and recently applied to bioengineering with biomaterials for a number of human structures including parts of the skull and face. Finally, the masks are a relevant example of mixed ceroplastic‐cutaneous preparations in the history of anatomical research for clinical purposes.
Combination of continuous wave CO2 laser and topical application of trichloroacetic acid 50% vs CO2 laser alone the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis (A case series of 6 patients)
Authors: Iraji Fariba , Asilian Ali , Heidari Asieh , Shariat Sheila , Bokaie Jazi Safura , Siadat Amir Hossein
Published: October 2019

Background

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is an endemic disease of Iran and despite self‐healing nature of this disease and many suggested treatments, scar is usually inevitable results of the affection with this cutaneous infection. CO2 laser in CL has a specific thermolysis effect on infected tissues and application of trichloroacetic acid (TCA) 50% solution for treatment of leishmaniasis scars showed promising results.

Aim

To evaluate CO2 laser plus TCA 50% versus CO2 laser alone for treatment of CL.

Patients/Methods

In the current report, we present 6 cases of noduloulcerative CL that were treated successfully by the combination of the continuous wave CO2 laser plus topical application of TCA 50%.

Results

Five patients improved after 3 weeks of starting treatment, and 1 patient needed to repeat treatment. The scars were flat and good.

Conclusions

The CO2 laser plus topical TCA 50% may be more effective in treatment of the cutaneous leishmaniasis and results in shorter healing time.
Effects of different therapeutic modalities for postacne scars on circulating collagen III
Authors: Abdel‐Magiud Ensaf M. , Taha Emad A. , Bakr Radwa M. , Ismail Sahar A. , Sayed Sohair K. , Makboul Mohamed , Kamel‐ElSayed Suzan , Abdel Motaleb Amira A.
Published: October 2019

Background

Therapies for postacne scarring act through modulation of elastin and collagen, and collagen III might therefore represent a biomarker of treatment effectiveness.

Patients and methods

Patients (n = 70) with postacne scars and individuals without scars (n = 56) were included in this case‐control study. Patients were treated with Dermaroller microneedling, trichloroacetic acid chemical reconstruction, punch excision, or scar subcision. Scar severity was graded immediately before and after treatment with a photographic quartile scale and the ECCA scale. Serum levels of collagen III were measured in control individuals and in patients, before treatment, 1 month after the first treatment session, and 4 months after the final session.

Results

Circulating levels of collagen III were significantly higher in patients with postacne scarring (24.1 ± 12.5) before treatment than in control individuals (2.6 ± 0.8). Circulating levels of collagen in patients were significantly lower 4 months posttreatment (14.3 ± 8.1) than at baseline. The mean percentage change in serum collagen III was positively correlated with both the mean percentage improvement by photographic evaluation (r = .530, P < .000) and the mean percentage change in the ECCA scale (r = .632, P < .000).

Conclusion

Circulating collagen III is a biomarker for improvement of postacne scarring following different therapies.
Measuring Innovation and Product Differentiation: Evidence from Mutual Funds
Authors: KOSTOVETSKY LEONARD , WARNER JEROLD B.
Published: October 2019

We study innovation and product differentiation using a uniqueness measure based on textual analysis of prospectuses. We find that small and start‐up families have higher start rates than larger families, and their products are more unique. Unique strategies attract more inflows in the first three years, and investors respond more to text‐based uniqueness than other measures such as holdings or returns uniqueness. For established funds, word uniqueness has weak negative power for explaining returns, so investors in competitive equilibrium do not sacrifice much performance to get specialized products. Uniqueness attenuates the flow‐performance relation, reducing the risk of investor outflows.
Atrial fibrillation in the course of pulmonary embolism: just a little smoke, or fuel to the fire?
Authors: Bikdeli Behnood , Jiménez David
Published: October 2019

Click here to view the Original Article by Ebner et al.
Prevalence of temporomandibular disorders in patients seeking orthodontic treatment: A systematic review
Authors: Lai Ye Choung , Yap Adrian Ujin , Türp Jens Christoph
Published: October 2019

The objective of this systematic review was (a) to establish the prevalence of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) in patients seeking orthodontic treatment and (b) to determine the association between the presence of TMD and sex, age and malocclusion. A systematic literature search was performed according to PRISMA guidelines from 1969 to 2019 using the PubMed and LIVIVO databases. Eight study articles met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. An additional three contributions were identified through manual searching of the reference lists of retrieved articles. The methodological quality of the 11 articles was assessed with the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for prevalence studies. TMD prevalence ranged from 21.1% to 73.3%. The frequency of painful TMD signs/symptoms varied from 3.4% to 65.7%, while non‐painful signs/symptoms ranged from 3.1% to 40.8%. The percentage of males and females presenting with TMD varied from 10.6% to 68.1% and 21.2 to 72.4%, respectively. In all studies, TMD prevalence was higher among females. The majority of articles reported more TMD signs/symptoms in individuals older than 18 years as compared to younger ones (≤18 years). While in four studies no association between TMD and malocclusion was found, another three investigations indicated that TMD may be related to certain occlusal traits. The TMD prevalence in patients seeking orthodontic treatment was high, with many individuals presenting painful TMD signs/symptoms. Female and older patients appear to have a greater occurrence of TMD. Although no strong association between TMD and malocclusion was established, several occlusal traits were implicated.
Barriers and facilitators to incident reporting in mental healthcare settings: A qualitative study
Authors: Archer Stephanie , Thibaut Bethan I. , Dewa Lindsay H. , Ramtale Christian , D’Lima Danielle , Simpson Alan , Murray Kevin , Adam Sheila , Darzi Ara
Published: October 2019

Accessible Summary

What is known on the subject?

The barriers and facilitators to incident reporting are becoming well known in general healthcare settings due to a large body of research in this area.

At present, it is unknown if these factors also affect incident reporting in mental healthcare settings as the same amount of research has not been conducted in these settings.

What the paper adds to existing knowledge

Some of the barriers and facilitators to incident reporting in mental healthcare settings are the same as general healthcare settings (i.e., learning and improvement, time and fear).

Other factors appear to be specific to mental healthcare settings (i.e., the role of patient diagnosis and how incidents involving assault are dealt with).

What are the implications for practice?

Interventions to improve incident reporting in mental healthcare settings may be adapted from general healthcare settings in some cases.

Bespoke interventions for mental healthcare settings that focus specifically on violence and aggression should be co‐designed with patients and staff.

Thresholds for incident reporting (i.e., what types of incidents will not be tolerated) need to be set, communicated and adopted Trust wide to ensure parity across staff groups and services.

Introduction

Barriers and facilitators to incident reporting have been widely researched in general health care. However, it is unclear if the findings are applicable to mental health care where care is increasingly complex.

Aim

To investigate if barriers and facilitators affecting incident reporting in mental health care are consistent with factors identified in other healthcare settings.

Method

Data were collected from focus groups (n = 8) with 52 members of staff from across West London NHS Trust and analysed with thematic analysis.

Results

Five themes were identified during the analysis. Three themes (a) learning and improvement, (b) time and (c) fear were consistent with the existing wider literature on barriers and facilitators to incident reporting. Two further themes (d) interaction between patient diagnosis and incidents and (e) aftermath of an incident—prosecution specifically linked to the provision of mental health care.

Conclusions

Whilst some barriers and facilitators to incident reporting identified in other settings are also prevalent in the mental healthcare setting, the increased incidence of violent and aggressive behaviour within mental health care presents a unique challenge for incident reporting.

Clinical implications

Although interventions to improve incident reporting may be adapted/adopted from other settings, there is a need to develop specific interventions to improve reporting of violent and aggressive incidents.
High intake of sugars and starch, low number of meals and low roughage intake are associated with Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome in a Belgian cohort
Authors: Galinelli Nicolas , Wambacq Wendy , Broeckx Bart J. G. , Hesta Myriam
Published: October 2019

Equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS) is a pathological condition affecting the glandular and squamous regions of the stomach. It is characterized by non‐specific clinical signs, behavioural changes or can also be found without any overt clinical manifestations. Nutritional factors such as intermittent feeding, high sugars and starch intake, large amounts of straw as forage and prolonged time without access to forage have all been associated with an increased risk of equine squamous gastric disease (ESGD). The aim of this study was to investigate which nutritional practices are commonly seen in clinical ESGD cases in Belgium. Medical records of 27 horses referred to the equine nutritional service at Ghent University (2013–2018) due to equine gastric ulcer lesions were reviewed. Twenty‐one healthy horses referred for dietary evaluation during the same period were selected as control cases (CC). Dietary evaluation was performed on an individual basis. Forage/concentrate ratio on dry matter basis, forage content in the diet, total dietary sugars and starch intake per day and per meal were analysed. Retrospective descriptive and statistical analyses were performed. Significantly, higher amounts of forage intake (%DM per BW) in the CC vs. ESGD group were noted (p ≤ .05) with average values of 1.39 (SD ± 0.27) and 1.27 (SD ± 0.70) respectively. There were no significant differences for sugars and starch intake in g/kg BW/day (p = .18). However, the sugars and starch intake per meal (g/kg BW/meal) in the CC group (average value 1.06, SD ± 0.56) was significantly (p < .001) lower than in the EGUS group (average value 1.85 SD ± 0.78). Forage intake below the recommended absolute minimum value as well as high sugars and starch intake were most commonly associated with EGUS in the present case series. An adequate diet formulation taking into account these main nutritional factors is therefore essential to avoid gastric problems in horses.
Two New Kremastochrysopsis species, K. austriaca sp. nov. and K. americana sp. nov. (Chrysophyceae)1
Authors: Remias Daniel , Procházková Lenka , Nedbalová Linda , Andersen Robert A. , Valentin K.
Published: October 2019

Melting summer snow in the Austrian Alps exhibited a yellowish bloom that was mainly comprised of an unidentified unicellular chrysophyte. Molecular data (18S rRNA and rbcL genes) showed a close relationship to published sequences from an American pond alga formerly identified as Kremastochrysis sp. The genera Kremastochrysis and Kremastochrysopsis are morphologically distinguished by the number of flagella observed with the light microscope, and therefore we assigned the Austrian snow alga and an American pond alga to the genus Kremastochrysopsis. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy revealed that swimming cells had two flagella oriented in opposite directions, typical for the Hibberdiales. Molecular phylogenetic analyses showed that both new species were closely related to Hibberdia. Kremastochrysopsis ocellata, the type species and only known species, has two chloroplasts per cell and the zoospores have red eyespots. Our two organisms had only a single chloroplast and no zoospore eyespot, but their gene sequences differed substantially. Therefore, we described two new species, Kremastochrysopsis austriaca sp. nov and Kremstochrysopsis americana sp. nov. When grown in culture, both taxa showed a characteristic hyponeustonic growth (hanging below the water surface), whereas older immotile cells grew at the bottom of the culture vessel. Ecologically, Kremastochrysopsis austriaca sp. nov., which caused snow discolorations, had no close phylogenetic relationships to other psychrophilic chrysophytes, for example, Chromulina chionophilia, Hydrurus sp., and Ochromonas‐like flagellates.
Magnitude and characteristics of revictimization through child sexual abuse in Chile
Authors: Contreras Taibo Lorena , Huepe Artigas David , Navarrete García Gorka
Published: October 2019

Objectives

In recognition of the vulnerable situation that children and adolescents face as victims of sexual crimes, this research, the first of its kind in Latin America, studies the magnitude and characteristics of revictimization through child sexual abuse. This study aimed to provide current statistics on revictimization through child sexual abuse in Chile.

Methods

The study draws from a sample of 18,006 children and adolescent victims of sexual crimes. It examines cases reported in 2012 throughout Chile and encompasses all additional reports of sexual victimization filed by the same victims through January 2015. Information taken from the criminal case (SAF) database provided by the Chilean Prosecutor’s Office, and from National Service for Minors (Servicio Nacional de Menores, SENAME).

Results

12.2% of victims in the sample filed a new report during the period studied, on average 254 days after the first event was filed. In 40.1% of the cases, the perpetrator in the second case was the same as in the original victimization; however, in 59.9% of cases the perpetrator was a different person. Revictimization by the original perpetrator generally occurs sooner, within half of the time reported for a revictimization by a new perpetrator.

Conclusions

The frequency of revictimization in child sexual abuse is similar to that seen in other regions but occurs within shorter time frames than those reported globally.
The impact of immigration on local ethnic groups' demographic representativeness: The case study of ethnic French Canadians in Quebec
Authors: Gaudreault Charles
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this research was to investigate the impact of immigration on local ethnic groups' demographic weight (DW) by presenting a case study. In this study, the ethnic French Canadians (EFC), a group that makes up the majority of the Province of Quebec, were studied to evaluate the impact of immigration on their DW. It was found that EFC transitioned from a DW of 79% in 1971 to a DW of 64.5% in 2014; projections predict that EFC would decrease to a DW of 45% in 2050. Moreover, 45 immigration rate scenarios and total fertility rates were projected; it was found that immigration level and fertility level could be jointly classified into three categories related to their effect on ethno‐demographic decrease; one of these categories may help suggest a quantitative definition for the concept of mass immigration.
Aquinas, Instinct and the “Internalist” Justification of Faith
Authors: Stacey Gregory R. P.
Published: October 2019

In recent decades, scholars have increasingly reached agreement on how to interpret Aquinas’ account of the rational grounding of faith. Drawing comparisons between Aquinas’ position and Alvin Plantinga's “Reformed Epistemology”, many commentators hold that according to Thomas, belief that the articles of faith are divinely revealed (and thus, true) can be rational even absent naturally perceptible evidence that the articles are so revealed. In Plantinga's terms, belief in the articles of faith is “properly basic”. Although this interpretation is plausible, its proponents have further argued or implied that Aquinas’ account only renders basic belief in the articles rationally justified in an “externalist” sense. Thomas’ observation that there is naturally perceptible evidence (e.g. miracles performed by prophets) that the articles are revealed is supposedly crucially important, because only the perception of such evidence renders belief in the articles justified in an internalist sense. In this article, I argue to the contrary that on Aquinas’ account, one with basic belief in the articles can have “internalist” justification for her belief without possessing naturally perceptible evidence that the articles are revealed. Thomas’ contention that basic belief in the articles of faith is rationally appropriate need not render him an “externalist” about epistemic justification.
Russellian monism and mental causation
Authors: Alter Torin , Coleman Sam
Published: October 2019

According to Russellian monism, consciousness is constituted at least partly by quiddities: intrinsic properties that categorically ground dispositional properties described by fundamental physics. If the theory is true, then consciousness and such dispositional properties are closely connected. But how closely?The contingency thesissays that the connection is contingent. For example, on this thesis the dispositional property associated with negative charge might have been categorically grounded by a quiddity that is distinct from the one that actually grounds it. Some argue that Russellian monism entails the contingency thesis and that this makes its consciousness‐constituting quiddities epiphenomenal—a disastrous outcome for a theory that is motivated partly by its prospects for integrating consciousness into physical causation. We consider two versions of that argument, a generic version and an intriguing version developed by Robert J. Howell, which he bases on Jaegwon Kim's well‐known “exclusion argument.” We argue that neither succeeds.
Technology, change, and uncertainty: maintaining career confidence in the early 21st century
Authors: Skrbiš Zlatko , Laughland‐Booÿ Jacqueline
Published: October 2019

Over the coming decades, technology and automation are expected to dramatically transform how work will be undertaken. While many of these developments will improve productivity and provide new opportunities, some jobs will likely disappear. In this article, we report data from in‐depth interviews undertaken with 51 young Australians about their strategies for managing the possibility of technological disruption in the workplace. In the face of future uncertainties, we found that the majority of our participants remained confident in their ability to maintain for themselves a ‘good’ career story. We posit, however, that those who could neither avoid nor reduce the possibility that technological advancements might jeopardise their career plans demonstrated an outlook of career malleability whereby they accepted the risk yet remained subjectively confident in their own capacity to rewrite their career narrative if, or when, circumstances demanded.