bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parent Opinions of Automated Vehicles and Young Driver Mobility
Authors: Ayala Allegra , Lee Yi-Ching
Published: June 2022

Previous research has identified that autonomous vehicles (AVs) may be useful in increasing the mobility of certain groups, including children. Teenagers present a unique ridership case, as many teenagers hold a form of driver’s license although they are still children. Using an online survey, parents were asked about their general opinions of AV as well as several questions regarding their willingness to transport their teenagers in an AV unattended. Results indicated that factors such as early adopter status, the potential to delay teenager licensing, and perceived safety were related to parent willingness. These findings may be used to shape future research into using AVs to increase the mobility of teenagers.
Pattern of Substance Abuse among Children in Slum Areas of India
Authors: Sitaram Kadu Sandeep
Published: June 2022

Background: We have been facing a frightening rise of substance abuse among the youngsters in recent years. Further, the problem is seen across all socioeconomic groups, from urban areas to small towns. However new substances are being abused which have also been documented. Substance abuse primarily among youth has been a matter of concern throughout the world. Study Design: It’s a descriptive cross sectional study, done in collaboration with NGO (Balbhavan Project) working in slum areas of Ahmednagar. Duration of Study: 6 months. Material and Methods: Considering the time frame for the study, Research was carried out with the help of NGO working in slum areas of Ahmednagar and children fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data was collected with the help of predesigned questionnaire. It was estimated that the total sample size will be about 246 children who are using substances. (Calculated by open Epi Software).Results: The Result obtained at the end of our study was quite shocking. It was found that in slum area 87% children were drug abusers, among which 83% were boys and 17% were girls. A high correlation of substance abuse was found with increasing age. Most abused substance among them was Tobacco, Alcohol, Inhalants, Sedative and opium.
What an Ethics Management Program Cannot Sufficiently Address in an African Context
Authors: Vivier Elme , Painter Mollie , Pogrund Gideon , Myres Kerrin ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: June 2022

Ethics management programs have become a popular first step for organizations to manage ethical risks and employee behaviors. However, such programs may fail to foster moral responsiveness or acknowledge broader societal issues. This article contributes to this discussion through an analysis of qualitative data from an ethics survey of fifteen South African companies. Results indicate employees experience persistent unethical behaviors in the form of the disrespect, bullying and discrimination. Reflecting on these results, the article explores the limits of ethical management programs, and whether a compliance approach undermines the transformative ethics that is most needed in organizations struggling with diversity and inclusion. Drawing on Levinas, the article shows that openness to the face of the Other does not lend itself to instrumental orientations, nor to formalized, standardized responses. Instead, moral responsiveness to particular Others is required, and it is this aspect that may be absent from South African ethics initiatives.
La delimitación de espacios terrestres bajo influencia marina en condiciones de insularidad. Estudio de caso: grandes islas del archipiélago cubano
Authors: Mallea Arsenio José Areces , Chávez Eduardo Salinas , Rodríguez Grisel Barranco
Published: June 2022

La zona costera constituye un espacio singular por la compleja interacción que ejercen los dominios oceánico, terrestre y aéreo. Para la planificación y gestión ambiental es fundamental delimitar el espacio terrestre donde se originan los procesos naturales que definen la influencia del dominio oceánico, así como las características socioeconómicas que modulan el proceso de gobernanza. Con el objetivo de definir bajo condiciones de insularidad algunos criterios básicos e identificar los principales descriptores de posible uso en la delimitación del espacio comprendido entre el borde litoral y el limite interior de la faja terrestre sometida a la influencia oceánica, se efectuó un ejercicio grupal con 25 especialistas de las Ciencias de la Tierra. Los juicios se relacionaron a la litología, tectónica, relieve, clima, suelos, paisajes, ecosistemas y hábitats así como a los peligros, vulnerabilidades y riesgos. A microescala, fueron identificados 24 descriptores, a mesoescala 25 y a macroescala 28. Se reconoció la importancia que todos ellos tienen para la delimitación de ese espacio, en particular los vinculados al paisaje y al relieve, concluyendo que la magnitud del proceso de antropización, determina la importancia relativa de los mismos. Cuando la naturalidad es elevada, los límites de las formaciones vegetales adquieren notoria importancia, pero cuando la “litoralización” es total solo las conurbaciones y los factores de riesgo determinan la extensión de esta faja terrestre. La identificación de este espacio geográfico resulta de gran importancia ya que su conservación o recuperación depende del transporte de materia y contaminantes derivado del escurrimiento terrestre, particularmente de aquel proveniente de las cuencas hidrográficas asociadas, casi siempre con un notable deterioro ambiental.
AN EXAMPLE OF CHATBOT IN THE FIELD OF EDUCATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA
Authors: Vukomanović Aleksandar , Deretić Nemanja , Kabiljo Miloš , Matić Rade
Published: June 2022

Students can retrieve information from the website or use the services of an existing information system (provided the information system is on the internet). However, we know from experience that searching a website is time-consuming or even inaccurate, and the functionality of the information system is limited. Chatbot makes it more natural, efficient and faster. Chatbot can understand natural language, i.e. written text and voice messages. It gives precise answers and performs all actions intended by the website and / or the information system. But the website and the information system do not have the richness of language that the chatbot has. You have to log in to the information system and know how to use it, and each new version requires new learning. If you know how Viber or FB Messenger work, you probably know how to use chatbot. The services provided by chatbot are visible on communication platforms used by a large number of users, and thus the quality of these services is better. Due to the use of chats, the human resources of the educational institution are redirected/retrained to more responsible and creative jobs because the workload has been relieved. The paper presents a chatbot called ADA, developed at the Belgrade Business and Arts Academy of Applied Studies (BAPUSS), and shows basic usage statistics. It also points out the importance of chatbots as a communication channel in educational institutions.
Falsos históricos. Un soldado de bronce de una familia minera
Authors: Espí Forcén Carlos
Published: June 2022

Una antigua familia que explotó las minas de la sierra de Cartagena posee dos ánforas romanas y una escultura de bronce que, según la tradición oral, fueron encontradas en la mina Príncipe Alfonso (Llano del Beal, La Unión, Murcia), explotada por la familia entre los siglos XIX y XX. La existencia de un importante yacimiento arqueológico romano en dicha mina y la constatación de que una de las ánforas es una Lamboglia tipo 2 invitan a creer que la escultura procediese del yacimiento. Sin embargo, un análisis pormenorizado de la escultura de bronce revela que se trata de un falso histórico. La obra no carece por ello de interés, puesto que pudo ser creación del «Corro» y «el Rosao», dos célebres falsificadores de innegable capacidad artística.
FRAMEWORK PROPOSAL FOR THE DESIGN OF LEAN CIRCULAR PRODUCTION SYSTEMS BASED ON CASE STUDIES
Authors: Muyulema Allaica Juan Carlos , RUIZ PUENTE CARMEN
Published: June 2022

The Efficient sustainable systems and circular economy models represent a new type of synergy to design modern productive systems that may lead to dematerialization. The goal of this systems is to reduce waste from manufacturing processes and services and reduce the consumption of virgin materials. This can be achieved with the use of closed-circuit models that include efficient work elements withing the manufacturing process, yielding in value-added products. While a variety of scopes have been explored, the diffusion of the synergy between Lean and Circular Economy (CE) has been hampered due to the dynamic change of CE bases. The objective of this article is to address three challenges: (i) Identify the main boosters and key controllers of the adjusted production systems, as presented in literature, that may increase the adoption of the Lean philosophy in manufacturing companies. (ii) Develop a Lean implementation framework and analyze the interactions between the Lean approach main boosters and key controllers, and (iii) Provide tools to achieve a synergy between Lean and CE. The findings of this literature review are structured in a holistic framework that underlines a multidimensional approach to sustainability. The current available information is segmented in economic value, environmental, social, and politic aspects. This study provides an insight into these four aspects that allows professionals and academics to understand the different scopes affected by production models.
Keywords: Circular Economy, dematerialization, Lean, Production systems, Sustainability.
Nonintrusive Behavioral Sensing and Analytics for Supporting Human-Centered Building Energy Efficiency
Authors: Huang Kaiyu , Liu Kaijian
Published: June 2022

Occupant behavior is a significant factor affecting building energy use and occupant comfort. Capturing occupant behavior, therefore, holds great promise toward human-centered building energy efficiency. However, existing methods for behavioral sensing and analytics are mainly based on intrusive sensing techniques (e.g., visual and acoustic sensing), which are known for infringing occupant privacy and have limited applicability. As such, the authors propose a novel nonintrusive approach for behavioral sensing and analytics. It uses (1) environmental chemical sensing to detect air composition changes caused by occupant behaviors, and (2) machine learning to learn from the air data to extract behavior information (e.g., occupancy and behavior type). This paper focuses on presenting the proposed approach and its evaluation in extracting occupancy information. The preliminary experimental results show that the proposed approach achieved an accuracy of 64.59% in sensing and analyzing occupancy, indicating the potential of the nonintrusive approach in supporting human-centered energy efficiency.
A Framework for Virtual Prototyping-Based Design of Operator Support System for Construction Equipment
Authors: Vahdatikhaki Faridaddin , Makarov Denis , Miller Seirgei , Doree Andre
Published: June 2022

Improper design of construction equipment operator support systems can lead to the erosion of operators’ trust and ultimately failedadoption. Becausekeeping the end users in the development process is time-consuming and costly, this is seldom done. To address this issue, a new virtual reality-based framework is proposed in this study. In this framework, designers of the operator guidance system utilize a Virtual Prototyping (VP) platform of the guidance system to receive feedback from the end-users. VP platform allows end-users to have an immersive experience with the front-end system and provide feedback without requiring the designers to make a substantial investment in the design of the back-end structure. This framework is applied to a case of a compaction guidance system. It is demonstrated that VR simulators are able to serve as a technology assessment platform that allows end-users to open transparent and substantive dialogues about the system with the designers.
A Multi-Scenario Crowd Data Synthesis Based On Building Information Modeling
Authors: Huang Hun , Gao Ge , Ke Ziyi , Peng Cheng , Gu Ming
Published: June 2022

Deep learning methods have proven to be effective in the field of crowd analysis recently. Nonetheless, the performance of deep learning models is affected by the inadequacy of training datasets. Because of policy implications and privacy restrictions, crowd data is commonly difficult to access. In order to overcome the difficulty of insufficient dataset, the previous work used to synthesize labelled crowd data in outdoor scenes and virtual games. However, these methods perform data synthesis with limited environmental information and inflexible crowd rules, usually in unauthentic environment. In this paper, a tool for synthesizing crowd data in BIM models with multiple scenes is proposed. This tool can make full use of the comprehensive information of real-world buildings, and conduct crowd simulations by setting behavior rules. The synthesized dataset is used for data augmentation for crowd analysis problems and the experimental results clearly confirm the effectiveness of the tool.
BIM Standards and Classification Systems in Data Validation
Authors: Jensen Frederik , Gade Peter
Published: June 2022

Digitalisation has been proven vital to transition the construction industry into more sustainable ways of working. One of the ways the construction industry is digitalising is through Building Information Modelling. An important part of BIM is consistent and trustworthy data. However, effective automation of BIM data validation remains an issue for the construction industry. This paper uses a semi-structured literature review to investigate the use and challenges for BIM standards and building classification systems in relation to BIM data validation. To better understand what is hindering the development and successful implementation of these standards as data validation content. Findings from the review highlight multiple challenges hindering the implementation of standardised data validation workflows in the construction industry. It also shows that software vendors have an important role, where they must provide platform facilities that better support the heterogeneity of rules needed for the construction industry.
Evaluation the effect of maternal adolescent age on neonatal outcomes
Authors: MELEKOĞLU Nuriye Aslı , SARAÇ Uğur
Published: June 2022

Objective: Adolescence is a phase that takes place 10-19 years of life, in which many changes in the physiological, anatomical, structural and psychological aspects and finally switch to adulthood. Adolescent pregnancies are associated with adverse obstetric and neonatal outcomes. In this study, we aimed to determine the the effect of adolescent age on maternal and neonatal outcomes.

Method: In this single-centre retrospective study, maternal and neonatal data were collected from medical records at Malatya Turgut Ozal University Hospital between August 2020 to August 2021.

Results: 326 patients met full inclusion criteria (137 adolescent pregnants and 189 control group). The adolescent mothers had lower educational status and were less likely to get adequate antenatal care (p
Vicente Llorens, la discontinuidad cultural y la recuperación del arte del exilio
Authors: Real López Inmaculada
Published: June 2022

Este artículo rescata la faceta más artística de Vicente Llorens que surgió tras entrar en contacto con los artistas del exilio, también fue coleccionista y visitante de museos. Comenzó con la organización de exposiciones y concluyó con la reconstrucción del discurso artístico de la diáspora republicana. Una de sus principales líneas de trabajo fue la discontinuidad de la cultura española. En su afán por reconstruirla para dar testimonio de quiénes fueron los intelectuales exiliados tras la Guerra Civil, su trabajo se convirtió en el punto de referencia de estudios artísticos posteriores.
Una tentación difícil de resistir: Modulaciones de las representaciones religiosas a mediados del siglo XIX en Buenos Aires
Authors: Rodríguez do Campo Victoria
Published: June 2022

Después de siglos de dominación colonial y una marcada proliferación de imágenes religiosas en territorio rioplatense, los aires renovadores de las revoluciones independentistas de los inicios del siglo XIX buscaron configurar un bagaje simbólico que sustente aquellas nuevas conquistas. Sin embargo, las reminiscencias del universo religioso, que se desprenden en numerosas imágenes, símbolos y fórmulas, no dejaron de tener marcada presencia en las representaciones que circulaban en la sociedad posrevolucionaria, al punto de utilizarse, incluso, para proponer juicios y observaciones sobre cuestiones sociales y políticas, muy distantes de su contexto de origen. El presente ensayo pretende indagar acerca de los posibles usos de los vastos componentes que se anidan en las representaciones de lo religioso a partir del análisis de la obra Alegoría de la época de Rosas (1854) de Bernabé Demaría. Los elementos que se despliegan en y de ella evidencian la eficacia y pregnancia de la iconografía cristiana varias décadas después de la Revolución pero, además, dan cuenta de la generación de una red de referencias que se utilizan no sólo en la pintura al óleo sino en otro conjunto de representaciones de circulación más extendida como las imágenes exhibidas en eventos públicos y las ilustraciones de la prensa satírica.
El convento de carmelitas descalzos de San José de Uclés (1594-1611). Una obra inédita de Fray Alberto de la Madre de Dios
Authors: Jiménez-Hortelano Sonia
Published: June 2022

El convento de carmelitas descalzos de Uclés (Cuenca) ha pasado hasta ahora prácticamente inadvertido por la historiografía artística. El estado ruinoso que presenta desde el siglo XIX y la falta de documentación sobre el mismo ha impedido un análisis en profundidad sobre este interesante ejemplo conventual, cuyas obras se llevaron a cabo durante la llamada etapa de homogenización de los modos arquitectónicos carmelitanos. El presente artículo expone el proceso de fundación y patrocinio del convento por parte de la familia de los Velázquez desde Uclés y desde Nueva España. Además, aporta documentación inédita que constata la participación como trazadores del mismo de los monjes carmelitas fray Francisco de Jesús María y de fray Alberto de la Madre de Dios, siendo ésta hasta la fecha, la primera obra documentada de fray Alberto como tracista.
El emblemista Quiroga (José de Jesús María, O. C. D.) y otros formuladores de la imagen. Fines del s. XVI y principios del XVII
Authors: Cuesta García de Leonardo Maria José
Published: June 2022

La importancia de la imagen y su uso didáctico y mnemotécnico es destacable a fines del s. XVI y s. XVII, lo que se traduce en el auge de la calcografía. Me detengo en el entorno del carmelita Quiroga, temprano creador intelectual de imágenes emblemáticas de propósito doctrinal, así como de retratos de compañeros de la orden (incluido S. Juan de la Cruz), evocadores del milagro y en consecuencia de  la santidad de los mismos, dando inicio a iconografías muy elaboradas. En ese entorno, veré los religiosos que comparten sus afanes y los relevantes grabadores que saben plasmarlos.
Maternidades siniestras en los mind-game films (1990-2020)
Authors: Sorolla Romero Teresa
Published: June 2022

En este artículo pretendemos atender a la representación de la figura de la madre en los denominados por la academia como mind-game o puzzle filmes. Sin que ni el espectador ni, frecuentemente, las propias protagonistas lo sepan, las películas que estudiaremos sostienen su relato sobre subjetividades delirantes, sobre puntos de vista engañosos. La enunciación fílmica, cómplice del autoengaño, amnesia o trauma de los personajes, traslada su percepción alterada de la realidad al espectador. Aquí proponemos que una parte importante de este heterogéneo corpus plantea relatos en los que la causa del delirio es la pérdida dolorosa, y no aceptada, de un niño. A lo largo del texto procuraremos analizar la representación de la figura de la madre en estos relatos, asociada a la estética de lo siniestro y, frecuentemente, a un sentimiento íntimo de culpa relacionado con la muerte infantil.
Embarkation for Abdera: Historicization in Nietzsche’s Second Untimely Meditation
Authors: Trüper Henning
Published: June 2022

Embarque hacia Abdera: Historización en la Segunda meditación intempestivade Nietzschee
Abstract: This article develops a novel reading of the threefold division of modes of historicization in Nietzsche’s Uses and Disadvantages of History for Life. It argues that Nietzsche’s stance is closely matched, and indirectly responds, to specific features of the argument for progress in human history that Kant presents in Conflict of the Faculties. Kant had hit upon interest, boredom, publicity, and forgetting as systematic problems for the philosophy of history, and Nietzsche’s thought on history takes up these concerns. I argue that Nietzsche’s reaction to these Kantian problems prompted him to subtly dissociate historicization and historicity. This manoeuver allowed him to counter the conceptual challenges Kant had established and to align his notions on history with those on ethical normativity in lived life, embracing what he elsewhere rejected as a “moral ontology.”
Resumen: Este artículo desarrolla una lectura novedosa de la triple división de los modos de historización en Ventajas e inconvenientes de la historia para la vida de Nietzsche. Se defiende que la postura de Nietzsche está estrechamente emparejada con las características específicas del argumento del progreso en la historia humana que Kant presenta en el Conflicto de las Facultades respondiendo indirectamente a ese escrito. Kant había señalado el interés, el aburrimiento, la publicidad y el olvido como problemas sistemáticos para la filosofía de la historia, y el pensamiento de Nietzsche sobre la historia retoma estas preocupaciones. Se sostiene que la reacción de Nietzsche a estos problemas kantianos le llevó a disociar sutilmente la historización de la historicidad. Esta maniobra le permitió replicar a los desafíos conceptuales que Kant había establecido y alinear sus nociones sobre la historia con las de la normatividad ética en la vida vivida, abrazando lo que en otros lugares rechazaba como una “ontología moral”.
Keywords: Nietzsche, Kant, Second Untimely Meditation, boredom, historicity, historicization.
Palabras clave: Nietzsche, Kant, Segunda meditación intempestiva, aburrimiento, historicidad, historización.
A Itália em disputa: comunistas e democratas-cristãos no longo pós-guerra (1943-1978)
Authors: Vacca Giuseppe
Published: June 2022

A história narrada neste livro é excepcional. São 35 anos da vida política italiana após o fascismo e a guerra. Instalada a República, veio em seguida a luta pela reconstrução e pela modernização do país. Com o passar dos anos, alteraram-se sobremaneira as estruturas do país e a sociabilidade dos italianos. Essa grande epopeia se fez por meio de uma dinâmica política marcada pelo embate e, ao mesmo tempo, pelo consenso entre a Democracia Cristã e o Partido Comunista, duas forças populares e opostas. O que dava sustentação ao sistema político não era a oposição entre direita e esquerda, mas uma dupla legitimação: o antifascismo, base do “campo” democrático, e o anticomunismo, imprescindível para governar em tempos de Guerra Fria. Vacca analisa a fase ascendente da democracia italiana, da Liberazione à morte de Aldo Moro, para muitos um marco do seu bloqueio e o início do longo declínio. (Alberto Aggio)
Nevus Lipomatosus Cutaneous Superficialis with Spindle Cell Lipoma-like Areas: A Case Report
Authors: Piyush AR , Bahal Neelima , Kala Pooja Sharma , Mittal Richa
Published: June 2022

Nevus Lipomatosus Cutaneous Superficialis (NLCS) is a rare occurring cutaneous hamartoma with presence of mature adipocytes in dermis.Though first reported in 1921 by Haffman and Zurhelle, fewer cases have been documented in literature since then. Authors hereby report a case of nevus lipomatosus cutaneous superficialis in an unusual age of 55-year-old male with multiple painless ill defined sessile nodules of 1.5 to 3 cm on lower back. Surgical excision was performed and histopathology revealed characteristic features as that of NLCS along with intervening areas of spindle cell lipoma. Coexistence of other lesion along with NLCS, both clinically or on histopathology is further an infrequent occurrence. No such case has been reported in literature so far.
Helping wildlife beat the heat: Testing strategies to improve the thermal performance of nest boxes
Authors: Howard Isabella , Ridley Jenna C. H. , Blanchard Wade , Ashman Kita R. , Lindenmayer David B. , Head Megan L. , Youngentob Kara N.
Published: June 2022

Nest boxes are often deployed in an attempt to offset the loss of natural tree hollows following landscape disturbance (e.g., land clearing, logging and wildfire). However, nest boxes can experience more variable and extreme microclimates than natural hollows, which could harm animals that use them. In this study, we tested the thermal performance of candidate nest box designs prior to their deployment for greater gliders (Petauroides volans) in forests impacted by the 2019–2020 bushfires. The tests were conducted under controlled laboratory conditions to investigate the thermal response of different designs to radiant heat and changes in ambient temperature. We examined how paint type (i.e., no paint, white exterior paint, and reflective white paint), insulation thickness (0 mm, 20 mm, and 40 mm Foilboard), and insulation amount (i.e., number of sides insulated) influenced the internal temperature profiles of these nest boxes. We found that nest boxes with the reflective white paint had the lowest temperatures on the inside wall closest to the radiant heat source, but internal nest box air temperature did not differ among paint treatments. Similarly, the internal wall closest to the radiant heat source was cooler in nest boxes with thicker compared to thinner insulation, but there was no difference in internal air temperature between the two thicknesses. Both 20 mm and 40 mm Foilboard insulation resulted in significantly cooler air temperatures and internal wood panel temperatures compared to nest boxes without insulation. Fully insulated nest boxes and those with three of the four sides insulated exhibited less temperature variability and remained cooler than the less-insulated nest boxes. Temperatures inside nest boxes with more than one side insulated took longer to increase and decrease in a convective heat chamber, but importantly, never reached the heat extremes (> 40°C) of less insulated nest boxes. Fully insulated nest boxes also maintained heat longer than any other nest box type in a cold room. Understanding how different construction materials influence nest box temperature profiles and identifying designs that minimise thermoregulatory costs for animals is important for the safe implementation of nest box programs.
Chemical content of unrecorded distilled alcohol (bai jiu) from rural central China: Analysis and public health risk
Authors: Newman Ian M. , Qian Ling , Tamrakar Niran , Feng Yonghua , Xu Ganrong
Published: June 2022

Newman, I., Qian, L., Tamrakar, N., Feng, Y., & Xu, G. (2017). Chemical content of unrecorded distilled alcohol (bai jiu) from rural central China: Analysis and public health risk. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 6(1), 59-67. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v6i1.236Aims: To test 47 samples of locally distilled unrecorded beverage alcohol (bai jiu) obtained in rural central China.Methods: Alcohol samples purchased from home-based makers or from small village shops were analyzed for ethanol, methanol, acetaldehyde, ethyl acetate, six higher alcohols, arsenic, cadmium, and lead. Results were judged against the standards for these compounds set by the AMPHORA Project.Findings: Ethanol concentrations ranged from 38.7% to 63.7% (mean 50.4%). Methanol and methyl acetate detected in all samples did not exceed the Alcohol Measures for Public Health Research Alliance (AMPHORA) limits. Acetaldehyde was present in all samples, with three samples exceeding the AMPHORA limit by a small amount. Lead was found in 57.4% of the samples with one sample exceeding the AMPHORA limit; cadmium was found in 89.4% of the samples with two exceeding the AMPHORA limit. Arsenic was found in 46.8% of the samples with none exceeding the AMPHORA limit.Conclusions: The three samples that exceeded AMPHORA limits for cadmium or lead are of concern in terms of the potential of long-term exposure for local people who regularly consume locally made bai jiu. The main health concern from bai jiu appears to be the risk associated with high ethanol concentration—the same health concern as for recorded, commercially produced spirits.
Alcohol and drug use and other high-risk behaviors among youth in the slums of Kampala, Uganda: Perceptions and contexts obtained through focus groups
Authors: Swahn Monica , Haberlen Melissa , Palmier Jane B.
Published: June 2022

Swahn, M., Haberlen, M., & Palmier, J. (2014). Alcohol and drug use and other high-risk behaviors among youth in the slums of Kampala, Uganda: Perceptions and contexts obtained through focus groups. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 3(4), 289-295. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v3i4.171Aims: The study seeks to determine perceptions of and contexts for risky behaviors among street and slum youth in Kampala, through focus groups.Design: Three 90-minute focus groups were conducted in Luganda (local language) to ask specific questions on alcohol and drug-related behaviors among youth in the slums.Setting: Uganda Youth Development Link drop-in centers for disadvantaged youth in Kampala.Participants: 31 participants, aged 14 to 24 years.Measures: The focus group probes were based on the World Health Organization report “Working With Street Children: Module 5: Determining the Needs and Problems of Street Children—A Training Package on Substance Use, Sexual and Reproductive Health Including HIV/AIDS and STDs.”Findings: Results show that these youth engage in a number of risky behaviors, including alcohol and drug abuse, fighting and weapon carrying, delinquency, prostitution and unsafe sexual behaviors.Conclusions: The study provides context for risky behaviors in this population, which can provide useful insights and help to guide resource allocation and intervention planning for services that seek to reduce adverse health outcomes in this vulnerable population, particularly those related to alcohol and drug use.
Public space and alcohol advertising: Exploratory study of the role of local government
Authors: Swensen Greg
Published: June 2022

Swensen, G. (2016). Public space and alcohol advertising: Exploratory study of the role of local government. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 5(3), 117-123. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v5i3.224The paper argues that local government bodies in Western Australia, which have a long-standing key role in overseeing public health standards and regulating business activities, potentially have a major, but under-recognized, capability to regulate the promotion and advertising of alcohol in public places overseen by them. It is contended that because local government bodies already possess extensive statutory powers to undertake this function, there is a compelling case for them to actively regulate alcohol advertising as they “own” most of the public space in Australian cities and towns.As the proposition would involve the prohibition of alcohol advertising, this could mean that local authorities may balk at assuming this responsibility due to a possible loss of revenue if they have already issued licenses to companies to construct and maintain key parts of the public infrastructure, like bus shelters, seating, and other street furniture, in return for being able to charge fees for advertising on these facilities.It is contended that local government authorities would ably perform a front-line role in regulating alcohol advertising in public places because of their reliance on community-based processes of consultation and decision-making for planning, in addition to understanding this role as an extension of a long standing role concerned with the advancement of public health and traffic safety.
Avoidance Response: A More Important Determinant of Population Immediate Decline in Guppy Fish (Poecilia reticulata Peters, 1859) Exposed to Pesticides
Authors: Ogunfeitimi Olusola Ojo , Umeokeke Hilary Chikaelo , Amaeze Nnamdi Henry , Soriwei Evelyn Tibiebi , Suuru Labinjo Ayomide , Ehiguese Friday Ojie
Published: June 2022

This study investigated the ability of Paraquat (herbicide) and Dichlorvos (insecticide) to elicit avoidance response in the population of Guppy fish, Poecilia reticulata and predict the population immediate decline (PID) of P. reticulata when exposed to both agrochemicals. A 96-h forced system (FS) bioassay was each conducted in five duplicate systems, each with a control experiment. The avoidance response was examined using a non-forced multi-compartmented static system (NFS). The guppies (n = 3 guppies per concentration of 6 compartments in quadruplet) were exposed to a gradient of Paraquat (0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0 and 15.0 mgL-1) and Dichlorvos (0, 1.6, 2.6, 3.0, 3.2 and 4.0 mgL-1). Their distributions were examined at 20 min intervals for a 3-h period (n=9observation periods). The results from 96-h FS were dose-dependent with the highest percentage mortality being 85.7% for Paraquat and 78.6% for Dichlorvos in their respective highest concentrations. The 3-h NFS exposure showed statistically significant concentration-dependent spatial avoidance. The P. reticulata avoided the lowest concentration of Paraquat (2.5mgL-1) and Dichlorvos (1.6 mgL-1) by 68.3% and 48.3% respectively. The avoidance increased significantly (p < 0.005) to 75%, for the highest concentrations of both test chemicals (15.0 and 4.0 mgL-1). The 3-hr AC50 value revealed that the guppies were more sensitive to Paraquat (0.37 mgL-1) than Dichlorvos (1.73 mgL-1). The PID was driven by the avoidance behavior (NFS) of the guppies rather than mortality (FS). The FS heretofore overestimate the environmental risk of contamination due to mandatory exposure of mobile organisms to contaminants. Rather than the traditional FS systems, NFS should be adopted and incorporated into typical bioassays for better predictive results.
Comparative Repellency of Selected Plants to Adult Anopheles gambiea complex (Gilles) in the Laboratory
Authors: Ajelara K. O. , Alafia A.O. , Denloye A. A. , Matanmi O. S.
Published: June 2022

Aims: The study evaluated the repellency effects of some tropical plants and shrubs found in semi- rural communities of Badagry Area of Lagos state; which are acclaimed to have the potentials of repelling mosquitoes from human dwellings. The repellency effects of Moringa oleifera, Morinda lucida, Magnifera indica and Phyllanthus muellerianus to adult Anopheles gambiea was evaluated in the Laboratory.

Study Design: The study was carried out at Central Research Laboratory of Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria and Central Research Laboratory of University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria. Powdered of dried test plants were prepared and admix with coconut husk as inert, different concentrations were rubbed on the forearm of volunteers and repellency to blood starved female Anopheles mosquitoes was observed.

Methodology: Test plants were collected from Badagry area of Lagos State, they were identified at University of Lagos Herbarium and given numbers. They were dried between 10 and 14 days at temperature of 25-27oC and powdered. Different concentrations of the powder mixed with powdered coconut husk was used to treat volunteers forearms and they were exposed to 0-2 two day old adult unfed mosquitoes in an aluminum glass cage fitted with net as arm entrance and repellency was observed for a period of 180 minutes, with landing counts taken every 30 minutes. The test plants were also subjected to qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis at University of Lagos Central Research Laboratory.

Results: Results showed that all test plants were able to repel Anopheles mosquitoes in the study, repellency was shown in descending order Moringa oleifera with 88%, Magnifera indica 83%, Phyllantus muellerianuss 80% and Morinda lucida 72%. There was no statistical significance in percentage repellency at 95% CL. The result of phytochemical screening of the test plants showed that only M .indica indicated presence of saponing (36.99%). While M.oleifera has highest phenol content (45.6%3), Alkaloid (38.68%), steroid (24.89%) and Tannin (33.19%). Flavonoid and reducing sugar quantity was highest in M. indica (39.39%) and (55.18%) respectively.

Conclusion: The plants were able to show repellency to Anopheles gambiae a nuisance malaria vector of serious medical importance. These plants are available in all tropical areas of Africa, they can therefore be used to prevent nuisance and painful mosquito bites which could be a sustainable way to prevent mosquito vectored diseases.
Gender
Authors: Berg Ria
Published: June 2022

Cultural gender, as differentiated from biological sex, has become an important tool for analysing social hierarchies and power structures in ancient societies. The gender system, which in antiquity was essentially patriarchal, is visible in all aspects of society: language, family, legislation, economy, religion, education, and medicine. As a fundamental aspect of personal identity, it is materialized on the body surface through clothing and adornment and performed through gestures.
A real‐time freehand 3D ultrasound imaging method for scoliosis assessment
Authors: Jiang Weiwei , Chen Xianting , Yu Chaohao
Published: June 2022

Real‐time 3D ultrasound has gained popularity in many fields because it can provide interactive feedback to help acquire high‐quality images or to conduct timely diagnosis. However, no comprehensive study has been reported on such an imaging method for scoliosis evaluation due to the complexity of this application. Meanwhile, the use of radiation‐free assessment of scoliosis is becoming increasingly popular. This study developed a real‐time 3D ultrasound imaging method for scoliosis assessment based on an incremental imaging method. In vivo experiments involving 36 patients with scoliosis were performed to test the performance of the proposed method. This new imaging method achieved a mean incremental frame rate of 82.7 ± 11.0 frames/s. The high repeatability of the intra‐operator test (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.92) and inter‐operator test (ICC = 0.91) demonstrated that the new method was very reliable. The result of spinous process angles obtained by the new method was linearly correlated (y = 0.97x, R2 = 0.88) with that obtained by conventional 3D reconstruction. These results suggested that the newly developed imaging method can provide real‐time ultrasound imaging for scoliosis evaluation while preserving the comparative image quality of the conventional 3D reconstruction method.
Designing Eutectic High‐Entropy Alloys Containing Nonmetallic Elements
Authors: Zhang Lingkun , Lu Yiping , Amar Abdukadir , Chen Xiaohu , Ren Zheng , Wang Tongmin , Li Tingju
Published: June 2022

Eutectic high‐entropy alloys (EHEAs), as an important branch of high‐entropy alloys (HEAs), have become hotpots in the materials field due to the excellent combination of mechanical properties and casting liquidity. However, designing of EHEAs containing nonmetallic elements has been rarely reported. Herein, a new strategy to design EHEAs containing nonmetallic elements by introducing an idealized mode of A‐(M + N) and using computer‐aided thermodynamic calculations is proposed. Based on this strategy, four new EHEAs, namely, CoFeNi2–Ti0.48Si0.8, CoCrNi2–V0.86B0.43, CoCrFeNi2–V0.89B0.45Si0.15, and CoCrNi2–MoC0.6, are designed and prepared. The CoFeNi2–Ti0.48Si0.8 and CoCrNi2–MoC0.6 EHEAs are composed of face‐centered‐cubic (FCC) + M16Ti6Si7‐type silicide and FCC + M23C6  + M6C‐type carbide, respectively. The CoCrNi2‐V0.86B0.43 and CoCrFeNi2‐V0.89B0.45Si0.15 EHEAs exhibit the same eutectic microstructure as FCC + M3B2‐type boride. The synthesized EHEAs containing nonmetallic elements show excellent mechanical properties. The experimental result indicates that this strategy can provide a feasible and effective way to develop new EHEAs with nonmetallic elements.
Three Regimes in the Tribo‐Oxidation of High Purity Copper at Temperatures of up to 150 °C
Authors: Rau Julia S. , Schmidt Oliver , Schneider Reinhard , Debastiani Rafaela , Greiner Christian
Published: June 2022

Surface oxidation of high‐purity copper is accelerated under tribological loading. Tribo‐oxide formation at room temperature is associated with diffusion processes along defects, such as dislocations or grain boundaries. Herein, the additional influence of temperature on the tribo‐oxidation of copper is investigated. Dry, reciprocating sliding tests are performed with a variation of the sample temperature between 21 and 150 °C. Microstructural changes are monitored and analyzed with state‐of‐the‐art electron microscopy techniques. Oxide layer formation through thermal oxidation is observed for 150 °C, but not for lower temperatures. As the temperature increases from room temperature up to 100 °C, a significantly stronger tribo‐oxidation into deeper material layers and an increase in the amount of formed pores and oxides is detected. Up to 75 °C, diffusional processes of oxygen along grain boundaries and dislocation pipes are identified. Starting at 100 °C, CuO is detected. Hence, tribological loading significantly alters the CuO formation in comparison with static oxidation. Along with the CuO formation at temperatures ≥90 °C, the oxide layer thickness decreases while the friction coefficient increases. The observations broaden the understanding of the elementary mechanisms of tribo‐oxidation in copper. Eventually, this will allow to systematically customize surfaces showing tribo‐oxidation for specific tribological applications.
Effect of Relatively Low Levels of Porosity on the Plasticity of Metals and Implications for Profilometry‐Based Indentation Plastometry
Authors: Reiff-Musgrove Rebecca , Gu Wenchen , Campbell Jimmy E. , Reidy John , Bose Animesh , Chitrapur Aadithya , Tang Yuanbo , Burley Max , Clyne Trevor William
Published: June 2022

Herein, the effect of dispersed (relatively low levels of) porosity within a metal on its plastic deformation is examined. Stainless steel samples, made via additive manufacturing, are used in the work. It's found that porosity reduces stress levels during yielding and work hardening, approximately in proportion to the pore content. There is no significant difference between the strength of the effect during tension and compression, although porosity does reduce the tensile ductility. Finally, the profilometry‐based indentation plastometry (PIP) methodology (for obtaining stress–strain curves from indentation testing) are used. Porosity tends to bring the inferred yield stress down more strongly than during tensile testing and give higher initial rates of work hardening. This is associated with high local strains near the indenter causing closure of pores, so that volume is not conserved during the test. The resultant reduction in the pile‐up around the indent creates errors in the inferred stress–strain curve.
Improving Light Absorption in a Perovskite/Si Tandem Solar Cell via Light Scattering and UV‐Down Shifting by a Mixture of SiO2 Nanoparticles and Phosphors
Authors: Lee Seongha , Kim Chan Ul , Bae Sumin , Liu Yulin , Noh Young Im , Zhou Ziyu , Leu Paul W , Choi Kyoung Jin , Lee Jung‐Kun
Published: June 2022

The optical properties of a textured antireflective coating (ARC) polymeric film are engineered by combining the down‐conversion effect of large phosphor particles and the multiple scattering effect of SiO2 nanoparticles. In order to address the parasitic absorption of ultraviolet (UV) light, phosphors are added to convert UV light to visible light. However, the embedded phosphors increase the reflectance of the ARC film, due to the large particle size (>5 µm) and high refractive index (n ≈  1.9) of phosphors. Such a backward scattering problem of phosphors is compensated by adding spherical SiO2 nanoparticles. Experimental and computational results show that SiO2 nanoparticles in the ARC film decrease the reflectance by increasing the diffuse transmittance. This optically engineered ARC film successfully promotes the light absorption of the perovskite/silicon tandem solar cell, leading to the improvement of power conversion efficiency of the tandem cell from 22.48% to 23.50%.
Switchable Unipolar‐Barrier Van der Waals Heterostructures with Natural Anisotropy for Full Linear Polarimetry Detection
Authors: Deng Wenjie , Dai Mingjin , Wang Chongwu , You Congya , Chen Wenduo , Han Song , Han Jiayue , Wang Fakun , Ye Ming , Zhu Song , Cui Jieyuan , Wang Qi Jie , Zhang Yongzhe
Published: June 2022

Polarization‐resolved photodetection in a compact footprint is of great interest for ultraminiaturized polarimeters to be used in a wide range of applications. However, probing the states of polarization (SOP) in materials with natural anisotropy are usually weak, limited by the material's natural dichroism or diattenuation. Here, a twisted unipolar‐barrier van der Waals heterostructure (vdWH) to construct a bias‐switchable polarization detection for retrieval of full SOP (from 0 to 180°) for linear polarized incident light is reported. As a demonstration example, this study realizes the concept in a b‐AsP/WS2/b‐AsP vdWH relying on the natural anisotropic properties of the materials without using additional plasmonic/metasurface nanostructures to realize linear polarimetry in the mid‐infrared range. Polarimetric imaging is further demonstrated with the developed linear polarimetry by directly displaying the Jones‐vector‐described SOP distribution of certain target object. This method, with the capabilities of detecting full linear SOP, is promising for the next‐generation on‐chip miniaturized polarimeters.
A Superconducting‐Material‐Based Maglev Generator Used for Outer‐Space
Authors: Ma Zheng , Wang Qi , Wu Zhenhua , Chen Dezhi , Yan Chunze , Shi Yusheng , Dickey Michael D. , Su Bin
Published: June 2022

Solar cells are conventionally used to harvest energy in outer space, but they are ineffective in dark locations. Here, it is shown that superconducting materials—which work best in cold environments, such as those found in outer space—provide a mechanism to harvest energy that does not require light. A superconducting magnetic levitation (maglev) magnetoelectric generator (SMMG) can convert mechanical impacts to electricity at its working temperature <90 K. The SMMG device consists of a permanent magnet, a conductive coil, and a superconducting layer (SL). Owing to the existence of the SL, the permanent magnet levitates over the SL and rapidly returns to an equilibrium height after being displaced by a mechanical impact. The impact changes the gap between the levitated magnet and the coil, resulting in a variation in magnetic flux that induces electrical current in the coil. Thus, the SMMG converts low‐frequency (<3.7 Hz) mechanical energy to electricity. The output maximum peak voltage, peak power, and peak power density of the SMMG are 4.3 V, 35 mW, and 17.8 W m−2, respectively, with a load resistance of 300 Ω. The SMMG can charge a capacitor of 10 000 µF to 3.8 V with a continuous impact, which is sufficient to power critical wireless communication. The superconductor works best in cold environments and therefore is well‐suited for providing electricity to sensors and communication devices in outer space, particularly in places where the sun may not reach.