bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
İSLÂM MEDENİYETİNİN MARUZ KALDIĞI İÇ TEHDİTLER
Authors: DALGIN Nihat
Published: June 2020

İnsanlar, tarih boyunca farklı toplum ve medeniyetler oluşturmuşlardır. Kendilerine farklı dönemlerde rehberlik etsinler diye aralarından seçilen peygamberler de medeniyetlerin kurulmasında ya da devamında önemli rol üstlenmişlerdir. Özellikle insanlığın ortak kazanımı olan bilim, sanat ve teknolojik gelişmelerde her medeniyetin az çok katkısı bulunmaktaysa da tarihi süreçte medeniyetler arasındaki rekabet ve bazen de çatışma hep olagelmiştir. Medeniyetlerin uzun süreli ayakta kalabilmelerinin unsurlarından biri, kendi kültür ve geleneklerini dış etkenlerin saldırısına karşı korumak olmuştur. Ancak bazı durumlarda kendi mensuplarından gelen iç saldırılar, o medeniyeti sarsmakta ve mensuplarının medeniyet imgelerine karşı saygılarını ve güvenlerini dumura uğratmaktadır. İslam medeniyetinin odağında bulunan Yüce Allah’a ait özelliklerin kısmen bazı insanlarda da olduğuna inanılması, İslam’ın ikinci kaynağı olan Hz. Peygamberin İslam medeniyetinin orijininden çıkarılma çabası, İslam medeniyetinin kurucu metinlerini anlamada farklı bir yaklaşım sergilenmesi, ilk dönem İslam âlimlerine ve kaynak eserlere olan güvenin sarsılması, İslam medeniyetinde asırlardır kabul görmüş bazı konuların tartışmaya açılması ve İslam medeniyetindeki simgelerin parçalar halinde değerlendirilerek büyük resmin göz ardı edilmesi, İslam medeniyeti için birer tehdit oluşturmaktadır. Bu makaleyle ulaşılmak istenen hedef ise İslam medeniyetine mensup olan birey ya da topluluklar tarafından oluşturulan bu iç tehditlere dikkat çekmek, bunların İslam toplumlarındaki olumsuz yansımalarını tespit ve tayin etmeye çalışmaktır.
CUMHURİYETİN İLK YILLARINDA SİNOP’TA İDARÎ SINIR DEĞİŞİKLİKLERİ VE DEVLET- MİLLET İLİŞKİSİ
Authors: YILMAZ Cevdet
Published: June 2020

Gerek Osmanlı İmparatorluğu gerekse onun devamı olan Türkiye Cumhuriyeti yönetim sistemi içinde yer alan vilayet, sancak, kaza ve nahiyelerin merkezleri ile bunların idari sınırları zamana ve şartlara göre sık sık değiştirilmiştir. Bunda; kazanılan zaferler, kaybedilen topraklar, fizikî şartlar, sosyo-ekonomik yapı, ulaşım ve güvenlik sorunları gibi faktörler önemli rol oynasa da bu değişikliklerin bir kısmı bizzat halkın şikâyet ve talepleri sonucu gerçekleşmiştir. Bilindiği gibi halkın üst makamlara hitaben talep ve şikâyetlerini dile getirdikleri dilekçelerin (arzuhallerin) yerel veya merkezî yönetim nezdinde kabul görüp görmemesi, bunların gereğinin yerine getirilip getirilmemesi devlet-millet ilişkisinin sağlamlığı ya da zayıflığını gösteren çok önemli belgelerdir. Araştırmada Başbakanlık Cumhuriyet Arşivinden elde edilen belgeler ışığında Sinop’un idarî coğrafyasında gerçekleştirilen bazı değişikliklerin halkın beklenti ve taleplerine uygun olarak nasıl çözümlendiği konusu üzerinde durulmuştur. Örnek alan olarak seçilen Sinop’un Ayancık ve Türkeli ilçeleri arasında Osmanlı’nın son dönemlerinde ortaya çıkan rekabet sonucu kaza merkezi yer değiştirmiş, sonunda Ayancık’ın kaza merkezi olmasının ardından bu kez de Helâldı ile Türkeli arasında nahiye merkezinin neresi olacağı konusunda zıtlaşmalar yaşanmıştır. Kastamonu’nun Çatalzeytin ilçesinin kurulmasıyla bu kez kazalar arasında köyler paylaşılmış, bağlandığı kaza merkezini beğenmeyen köylüler de yine arzuhaller yazarak Ankara’dan mağduriyetlerinin giderilmesini istemişlerdir. Bu çekişmeler halkın dilekçeleri ile en üst yönetime kadar ulaştırılmış, ileri sürülen talepler gerekçelendirilerek çözüm istenmiştir. Cumhuriyetin daha ilk yıllarından itibaren önce Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, sonrasında İsmet İnönü, daha sonra da Celal Bayar ve Cevdet Sunay imzalarıyla Cumhurbaşkanı düzeyinde bu isteklere cevap verilmesi ve talep edilen değişikliklerin yerine getirilmesi yeni Türkiye Cumhuriyeti devletinin duyarlılığını ve Osmanlıdan Cumhuriyete geçtikten sonra da devlet geleneğinin halâ ne kadar güçlü bir şekilde devam ettiğini göstermesi bakımından önemlidir. Araştırmada, belgelere dayalı olarak verilen örnekler üzerinden vatandaşların devlete bağlılıklarının temelinde yatan bu hususa dikkat çekilerek, devlet-millet ilişkisinin dilekçe hakkı üzerinden ne kadar güçlü bir şekilde kurulduğu ortaya konulmuştur.
Analysis of cognitive investigation and intervention of COVID-19 in different populations
Authors: Ma Jiming , Li Yumei , Zhang Yonghong , Li Mengqi , Li Qiongxia
Published: June 2020

Objective  To understand the rate of cognition and protection of COVID-19 in a community in Hubei province.  Methods  The related knowledge, epidemic situation and self-protective measures of COVID-19 were investigated by mobile phone questionnaire among 836 people in a community in Hubei province.  Results  The rate of the awareness of COVID-19's relevant knowledge and the ways to obtain the epidemic situation varied among different age groups. After multi-channel intervention in the community, the rate of the awareness of COVID-19's relevant knowledge increased from 75.0% to 96.2%, and the implementation rate of personal protection increased from 59.6% to 92.6%.  Conclusion  It is of great significance to improve residents' awareness and protection consciousness and block the spread of COVID-19 in the community through multi-channel intervention.
Photodynamic Therapy in the Treatment of Cancer: A review
Authors: Khanam Hena , Dar Ayaz Mahmood , Dar Bashir Ahmad , Mondle Shamsuzzaman
Published: June 2020

The search for non-invasive or minimally invasive approaches for the treatment of cancer has led to the development of different therapeutic regimes and one such regime is photodynamic therapy (PDT). PDT is a non-thermal treatment based on the synergy of three elements: the administration of a photosensitizer drug; light at a precise wavelength; and the presence of oxygen. When these three components are combined, they lead to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in a complex cascade of events and subsequent cell death Studies revealed that PDT can prolong survival in patients with inoperable cancers and significantly improve the quality of life. With a number of recent technological improvements, PDT has the potential to become integrated into the mainstream strategy for cancer treatment. In this review, we have addressed the most important biological and physicochemical aspects of PDT, summarized its clinical status and provided an outlook for its potential future development. We also discussed the factors that hamper the exploration of this effective therapy and what should be changed to render it a more effective and more widely available option for patients.
The Guiding Role of Pharmaceutical Care in the Rational Drug Use of Bronchial Asthma
Authors: Chen Hongmei
Published: June 2020

Objective: To investigate the guiding role of pharmaceutical care in the treatment of bronchial asthma. Methods: Eighty patients with bronchial disease admitted to our hospital from November 2008 to December 1818 were enrolled in this research. The computer program was used to generate random numbers. The method was divided into two groups: control group and observation group, 40 cases respectively. 40 patients in the control group were treated with normal medication according to the doctor's advice; 40 patients in the observation group were enrolled in the pharmacological care on the basis of the control group, and the rational drug use was compared between the two groups. Results: The incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group and the control group were 5.00% and 17.50%, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); the incidence of medication error events in the observation group was 7.50%, which was significantly lower than that of the control group, which was 25.00%, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The medication errors mainly include improper administration, incorrect dosage, and unscientific administration. Conclusion: The guiding role of pharmaceutical care in bronchial asthma rational drug use can reduce medication error events and ensure rational drug use, which is worthy of popularization in clinical practice.
PENGARUH HUTANG JANGKA PANJANG, HUTANG JANGKA PENDEK, DAN TOTAL EKUITAS TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS PADA PERUSAHAAN SEKTOR INDUSTRI BARANG KONSUMSI DI INDEKS SAHAM SYARIAH (ISSI)
Authors: Muhammadinah Muhammadinah , Wijaya Yudha , Barkah Qodariah
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh hutang jangka pendek, dan jangkapanjang serta total ekuitas terhadap profitabilitas pada Perusahaan Sektor Industri BarangKonsumsi yang terdaftar di ISSI. Populasi penelitian yaitu semua perusahaan sektorindustri barang konsumsi yang terdaftar di Indeks Saham Syariah Indonesia periode 2014-2017. Teknik pengambilan sampel pada penelitian ini menggunakan teknik purposivesampling. Berdasarkan kriteria di atas maka jumlah yang dapat dijadikan sampel adalahsebagai 22 perusahaan. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian inimenggunakan analisis regres berganda dengan pengujian hipotesis menggunakan uji t danuji F. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hutang jangka pendek tidak berpengaruhterhadap Net Profit Margin pada perusahaan yang terdaftar di Indeks Saham SyariahIndonesia tahun 2014-2017. Sedangkan hutang jangka panjang dan total ekuitasberpengaruh terhadap Net Profit Margin pada perusahaan yang terdaftar di Indeks SahamSyariah Indonesia tahun 2014-2017.
PENGARUH KUALITAS PELAYANAN DAN KUALITAS PRODUK TABUNGAN iB HASANAH TERHADAP KEPUASAN NASABAH PADA PT BANK BNI SYARIAH KANTOR CABANG MEDAN
Authors: Rahfizah Raudhatul Zahrah , Supaino Supaino , Kholil Ahmad
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kualitas pelayanan dan kualitas produk tabungan iB Hasanah terhadap kepuasan nasabah pada PT Bank BNI Syariah Kantor Cabang Medan. Variabel dependen dalam penelitian ini adalah kepuasan nasabah sedangkan variabel independen terdiri dari kualitas pelayanan dan kualitas produk tabungan iB Hasanah. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 100 orang Penelitian ini menggunakan kuisioner sebagai data primer kemudian hasil datanya dianalisis menggunakan regresi berganda dengan melakukan uji simultan (F), uji determinasi, dan uji parsial (t) dengan tingkat signifikan sebesar 5 persen (α=0,05) yang diolah dengan bantuan alat SPSS 22. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya pengaruh positif dan signifikan secara simultan antara kualitas pelayanan dan kualitas produk tabungan iB Hasanah terhadap kepuasan nasabah pada PT Bank BNI Syariah Kantor Cabang Medan yang dilihat melalui uji statistik F dengan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,000. Hasil uji statistik t menunjukkan bahwa kualitas pelayanan tidak berpengaruh positif dan tidak signifikan dengan tingkat signifikansi sebesar 0,935 dan kualitas produk tabungan iB Hasanah berpengaruh positif dan signifikan dengan tingkat signifikansi sebesar 0,000.
Bahtinyen Karnavalesk Bağlamında Kült Film Kavramı
Authors: SARI Mehmet
Published: June 2020

Karnaval kuramı edebiyat dışında sanatın diğer dallarına da uygulanabilen bir kuramdır. Filmler hem metinsel olarak hem de alımlama pratikleri bakımından karnavalesk nitelikler taşıyabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada Mihail Bahtin’in karnaval kuramı çerçevesinde kült film olgusu incelenmiştir. Çalışmada karnavalesk özellikler ışığında kült film kavramının ayırıcı özellikleri ele alınmıştır. Karnaval ve karnavalesk kavramları incelenerek Bahtin’in kuramını oluşturan ana unsurlar araştırılmıştır. Karnavaleskin sinema ile olan bağı gösterildikten sonra kült film kavramı metinsel ve metin-dışı özellikleri bakımından incelenmiştir. ‘Kült film’in sinema alanında alternatif bir kanon olduğu ortaya konulmuştur. Kült filmlerin anaakım sinemaya muhalif oluşu ile karnavaleskin resmî kültürü askıya alışı örtüşmektedir. Karnavalların insanları katılımcılığa sevk edişi gibi kült filmler alımlanış olarak film ile seyirci arasındaki bariyerlerin yıkılmasına olanak sağlar. Karnavallarda insanlar arasındaki dayanışmaya kült film hayranlarında rastlanabilmektedir. Sahip olduğu birtakım yapısal ve üslupsal özellikler nedeniyle kült filmler diğer filmlerden farklılaşmaktadır. Karnavalesk açıdan bu özellikler değişkenlik ve tanımsızlık, sanat ve sanat-dışı ayrımının bulanıklaşması ve ihlal yaratma olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. Tüm bu özellikler araştırılırken belli başlı kült film örneklerinden yararlanılmış ve kült film konseptinin karnavalesk geleneğin bir örneği olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
How Risk-taker Evaluate Risk-taking Behaviour Based on Entrepreneurial Orientation
Authors: Prastya Darya Yudanta
Published: June 2020

Dalam mengambil keputusan, para pengambil keputusan dan juga pengusaha akan mempertimbangkan resiko dan dampak apa saja yang akan diterima dan perlu untuk ditanggung agar dapat meningkatkan kinerja perusahaan dan juga memperoleh keungulan kompetitif diantara perusahaan pesaing. Hal ini perlu dipelajari di kalangan para pengambil keputusan dan juga wirausahawan dalam rangka memperoleh keunggulan kompetitif dengan resiko paling minim
The Effect of Family-Based Empowerment on Obesity among Adolescents in Tana Toraja. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 18 (9), 866-872
Authors: R Erni Yetti , Safar Muhammad , Zulkifli Andi , Indriasari Rahayu , Bahar Burhanuddin , Suriah  , Birawida Agus Bintara , Widjanarko Bagoes , Tombeg Zadrak , Manggabarani Saskiyanto , Hadi Anto J.
Published: June 2020

Background and Objective: Obesity is a major nutritional problem among adolescences and is becoming an epidemic. Globally, it is estimated that obesity is the fifth main cause of death and many factors underlie this problem. The rise in obesity prevalence in children and adolescents is due to environmental factors, such as diet and physical activity. This study aimed to examine a family-based empowerment model to prevent obesity in adolescents in Tana Toraja. Materials and Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study that was conducted using pre- and post-test measurements with a control group design. A total of 64 study participants were divided into two groups: 32 adolescents in the intervention group and 32 others in the control group. Data were obtained through a structured questionnaire regarding nutritional knowledge, attitude and behaviour. Nutritional status was determined after measuring weight and height by using digital scales. In addition, eating behaviours were measured using a food frequency questionnaire and 2 24 h recall forms. Results: The results showed that there were differences in nutritional knowledge (p< 0.001), nutritional attitudes (p<0.001) and nutritional behaviour (p<0.001) in both the intervention and control groups after the implementation of the family-based empowerment programme. The results of this study also showed that a family-based empowerment model for obesity prevention can be applied in the family and school settings in Indonesia. Conclusion: Nutritional education through the empowerment of families regarding the prevention of obesity has positive impacts on nutrition knowledge, attitudes and behaviour of adolescents, providing the tools to adopt an effective and controlled diet.
Strategi Bisnis Global dan Aliansi Global
Authors: felicia grace
Published: June 2020

Review jurnal strategi bisnis internasional dan aliansi global
Optimizing Cyber Deterrence
Authors: Jardine Eric
Published: June 2020

Cyber deterrence is not like regular deterrence. In regular deterrence, say between two nuclear powers, the development of more nukes does not make hardened silos less effective on a per unit basis. Cyber deterrence is different. Cyber deterrence is inextricably riddled with tradeoffs and interdependencies that regular deterrence lacks. This chapter outlines the essential tradeoffs between cyber deterrence by denial, punishment, entanglement and taboo. Each case example illustrates how investing heaving in one form of cyber deterrence costs, at margin, in some other category. Cyber deterrence can be optimized, but only with these essential tradeoffs in mind.
Metodologi Riset Kuantitatif: Riset Bidang Kepariwisataan
Authors: Santosa  , Hermawan Hary
Published: June 2020

Metode penelitian dengan pendekatan kuantitatif masih cukup jarang digunakan oleh para mahasiswa pariwisata. Padahal sangat banyak hal yang bisa dikaji dengan menggunakan metode kuantitatif, terutama terkait penelitian yang mengkaji hal-hal yang bersifat manajerial. Sebagai contoh, penelitian untuk mengevaluasi “Apakah keputusan meningkatkan kualitas daya tarik wisata akan berpengaruh terhadap kepuasan wisatawan?” Nyatanya dalam hal manajemen destinasi, mengkaji setiap upaya manajerial yang berdampak langsung pada wisatawan sangat penting untuk dilakukan. Minimnya buku metodologi penelitian kuantitatif yang dikhususkan untuk ilmu atau bidang kepariwisataan menjadi kendala tersendiri bagi mahasiswa. Buku metodologi penelitian kuantitatif yang beredar saat ini lebih banyak membahas kasus-kasus terkait bidang ekonomi dan manajemen, sehingga mahasiswa ilmu pariwisata sering mengalami kesulitan untuk mengadaptasikanya dalam penelitian pariwisata. Ditambah banyaknya rumus-rumus statistik yang rumit namun kurang implementatif untuk dianalogikan dalam kasus pariwisata menjadi tantangan tersendiri bagi mahasiswa pariwisata untuk mempelajari penelitian kuantitatif. Oleh karena itu, penulis mempersembahkan buku dengan judul “Metode Kuantitatif untuk Riset Bidang Kepariwisataan” menjawab berbagai persoalan diatas. Buku ini didesain lengkap untuk belajar dasar-dasar penelitian kuantitatif namun dengan bahasa yang sederhana disertai contoh kasus dalam bidang keparwisataan, sehingga sangat mudah untuk dipahami. Selain itu, rumusan-rumusan masalah khas penelitian kuantitatif seperti rumusan masalah deskriptif, komparatif, korelatif, asosiatif serta analisis jalur akan dibahas dengan menggunakan sofware statistik yang sudah umum digunakan seperti sofware SPSS dan Partial Least Square (PLS) untuk memudahkan proses pengolahan dan analisis data statistik. Melalui buku ini, kami berusaha membantu memberikan pencerahan kepada pembaca bahwa penelitian kuantitatif itu mudah
Embrace and Be Embraced
Authors: Gaspersz Steve Gerardo
Published: June 2020

Artikel ini merupakan riset terhadap aktivitas pendidikan pada dua sekolah di Ambon yang membangun kembali proses rekonsiliasi antar-agama dengan menggunakan sistem budaya lokal "pela".
التصورات التحليلية النفسية لتشكل العرض و البنية النفسية الجسدية
Authors: Rudwan Samer Jamil
Published: June 2020

لفترة طويلة تم فهم وتفسير تشكل العرض النفسي الجسدي في التحليل النفسي من منظور عصابي نفسي، ومؤخراً بدأت تظهر مساع تعطي لتشكل العرض النفسي الجسدي سمة تصنيفية مرضية. وبدون المس باختلاف هذه المبادئ من التفسير يستند كلا المنظوران في رؤيتهما للعرض النفسي الجسدي إلى سمتين أساسيتين: فمن جهة يوجد اضطراب لأطر الوظائف الفيزيولوجية (غالباً ما يكون مرتبطا بتهدم عضوي) والذي يبدي من ناحية أخرى سمات سلوك تواصلي قصدي متجذر بطريقة مرمزة ذات مغزى في تاريخ الحياة الفردي، وسوف يتم هنا الاحتفاظ بمصطلح المريض (النفسي الجسدي) على الرغم من أنه يستخدم في سياقات مختلفة من المعنى وأنه غير دقيق وغير صحيح من وجهات نظر متنوعة. إلا أنه قد ترسخ مقابل المفاهيم البديلة -مثل التجلي الأول نفسي المنشأ للأمراض العضوية-، ليس بسبب قصره ولكن لأنه يتسم بالصهر اللغوي للارتباط الوثيق في الوقت نفسه للعوامل النفسية والتاريخ حياتية الفردية. وعن هذا التحديد المزدوج ينجم المطلب الذي يوجب طرح التصورات التي سنعرضها من خلال المنظور الراهن: ما هي العوامل الفيزيولوجية النفسية والاجتماعية والنفسية التي يرسّي فيها فرد ما -يحمل تجهيزاً بيولوجياً ونفسياً-بنيوياً محدداً-اضطراباً جسدياً وما هو الاضطراب الذي يرسيه وما هي الشروط التي يختفي فيها الاضطراب بسرعة أو يسير بصورة متأزمة أو يصبح مزمناً؟
Reproducibility improves exponentially over 63 years of social learning research
Authors: Minocher Riana , Atmaca Silke , Bavero Claudia , McElreath Richard , Beheim Bret
Published: June 2020

Reproducibility is integral to science, but diﬀicult to achieve. We surveyed 560 empirical publications, published between 1955 and 2018 in the social learning literature, a research topic that spans animal behaviour, behavioural ecology, cultural evolution, and evolutionary psychology. Data was recoverable online or through direct data requests for 30% of this sample. Moreover, data recovery declines exponentially with time since publication, halving every 6 years, and up to every 9 years for human experimental data. When data for a publication can be recovered, we estimate a high probability of subsequent data usability (87%), analytical clarity (97%), and agreement of published results with reproduced findings (96%). This corresponds to an overall rate of recovering data and reproducing results of 23%, largely driven by unavailability or incompleteness of data. We thus outline clear measures to improve reproducibility of research on the ecology and evolution of social behaviour.
The Face Image Meta-Database (fIMDb) & ChatLab Facial Anomaly Database (CFAD): Tools for research on face perception and social stigma
Authors: Workman Clifford Ian , Chatterjee Anjan
Published: June 2020

Investigators increasingly need high quality face photographs that they can use in service of their scholarly pursuits—whether serving as experimental stimuli or to benchmark face recognition algorithms. Up to now, an index of known face databases, their features, and how to access them has not been available. This absence has had at least two negative repercussions: First, without alternatives, some researchers may have used face databases that are widely known but not optimal for their research. Second, a reliance on databases comprised only of young white faces will lead to science that isn’t representative of all the people whose tax contributions, in many cases, make that research possible. The “Face Image Meta-Database” (fIMDb) provides researchers with the tools to find the face images best suited to their research, with filters to locate databases with people of a varied racial and ethnic backgrounds and ages. Problems of representation in face databases are not restricted to race and ethnicity or age – there is a dearth of databases with faces that have visible differences (e.g., scars, port wine stains, and cleft lip and palate). A well-characterized database is needed to support programmatic research into perceivers’ attitudes, behaviors, and neural responses to anomalous faces. The “ChatLab Facial Anomaly Database” (CFAD) was constructed to fill this gap, with photographs of faces with visible differences of various types, etiologies, sizes, locations, and that depict individuals from various ethnic backgrounds and age groups. Both the fIMDb and CFAD are available from: https://cliffordworkman.com/resources/.
How relevant for you is to be a moral person? Polish validation of the Self-Importance of Moral Identity Scale
Authors: Paruzel-Czachura Mariola , Blukacz Mateusz Michał
Published: June 2020

Objective The Self-Importance of Moral Identity Scale (SMIS) was developed by Aquino and Reeds with the purpose of measuring how people evaluate their private (Internalization subscale) and public (Symbolization subscale) moral identity. SMIS has become commonly and broadly used in moral studies. The aim of this paper is to validate the Polish version of SMIS by analyzing its structure and relation to similar measures (such as The Moral Self-Concept Scale developed by Stake and The Moral Self-Image Scale created by Jordan, Leliveld and Tenbrunsel), declared past prosocial behaviors and readiness to donate money. Methods The translation-back-translation procedure was used to maintain semantic, idiomatic, and conceptual equivalence of the original scale. Throughout four separate studies the psychometric properties of the Polish version of the scale were assessed: Study 1 (N = 529) was carried out to derive the factor structure using the exploratory factor analysis (EFA); Study 2 (N = 602) and Study 3 (N = 899) were performed to cross-validate and replicate the structure with the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA); Study 4 (N = 862) was conducted to assess measurement invariance due to gender with multigroup CFA. In each study, the validity of the scale was assessed. ResultsA stable two-factor structure using 10 items was replicated in four different samples. The results showed that reliability (α) was between 0.71 and 0.81 for Internalization, and 0.76 and 0.81 for Symbolization. Validity was confirmed in terms of the expected pattern of correlations with morality measures. Metric invariance was confirmed across gender except for factor loadings on two items regarding the external manifestation of values. Polish normalization for men and women was constructed.Conclusions Polish validation of SMIS proved to be a structurally consistent and valid measure.
Neural Substrates of the Interplay between Cognitive Loading and Emotional Involvement in Bilingual Decision Making
Authors: liu linyan , Margoni Francesco , He Yuying , Liu Huanhuan
Published: June 2020

Prior work investigated how foreign language impacts decision making by either reducing access to emotion or imposing additional cognitive demands. In this fMRI study, we employed a cross-task design to assess at the neural level whether and how the interaction between cognitive loading and emotional involvement is affected by language (native L1 vs. foreign L2). Participants completed a Lexico-semantic task where in each trial they were presented with either a neutrally or a negatively valenced word either in L1 or L2, and either under cognitive loading or not. After each trial, they had to decide whether to take a risky decision within a gambling game. During the Gamling task, left amygdala and right insula were more activated after having processed a negative word under cognitive loading. However, this was true for L1 but not for L2, suggesting that cognitive loading was germane and facilitated rather than hindered access to emotion only in L1. Further suggesting that cognitive load can enhance emotional sensitivity in L1 but not in L2, we found that functional connectivity between reward-related striatum and right insula increased under cognitive loading only in L1. Overall, results suggest that cognitive loading in L1 can favor access to emotion and lead to a more impulsive decision making, whereas cognitive loading in L2 can attenuate access to emotion and lead to a more rational decision making.
Mental health considerations in children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic: a literature review
Authors: Rajkumar Ravi Philip
Published: June 2020

Introduction: The global pandemic of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has had a significant impact on the mental health of populations across the world. However, the scope of this impact on children and adolescents has not yet been fully assessed.Methods: A literature search of the PubMed database was conducted using the terms “COVID-19”, “nCoV-2”, “children”, “adolescents”, “anxiety”, “depression”, “attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder”, “ADHD”, “autism”, “autism spectrum disorder”, “mental health” and “psychiatry” in various permutations and combinations. A total of 23 articles of direct relevance were retrieved, including four observational studies.Results: Emotional disturbances were noted in substantial numbers of children. In younger children (aged 3-6 years), these were mainly non-specific, such as clinginess, fearfulness and irritability. In older children, symptoms of anxiety and depression were noted in 19-22%. Children with pre-existing disorders, such as ADHD, were at risk of symptom exacerbation. Other concerns flagged in the literature included an elevated risk of unhealthy lifestyle behaviours, an increased risk of child abuse or neglect, and the need for special care in children with neurodevelopmental disorders. The challenges of delivering mental health services in the context of social distancing measures were highlighted.Conclusion: Emotional and behavioural symptoms are a common reaction in children and adolescents, perhaps more so in children with additional risk factors. The management of these problems requires concerted cooperation between mental health professionals, families, and local authorities.
Smartphone sensing of social interactions in people with and without schizophrenia
Authors: Fulford Daniel , Mote Jasmine , Gonzalez Rachel , Abplanalp Samuel , Zhang Yuting , Luckenbaugh Jarrod , Onnela Jukka-Pekka , Busso Carlos , Gard David E.
Published: June 2020

Social impairment is a cardinal feature of schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SZ). Smaller social network size, diminished social skills, and loneliness are highly prevalent. Existing, gold-standard assessments of social impairment in SZ often rely on self-reported information that depends on retrospective recall and detailed accounts of complex social behaviors. This is particularly problematic in people with SZ given characteristic cognitive impairments and reduced insight. Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA; repeated self-reports completed in the context of daily life) allows for the measurement of social behavior as it occurs in vivo, yet still relies on participant input. Momentary characterization of behavior using smartphone sensors (e.g., GPS, microphone) may also provide ecologically valid indicators of social functioning. In the current study we tested associations between both active (e.g., EMA-reported number of interactions) and passive (GPS-based mobility, conversations captured by microphone) smartphone-based measures of social activity and measures of social functioning and loneliness to examine the promise of such measures for understanding social impairment in SZ. Our results indicate that passive markers of mobility were more consistently associated with EMA measures of social behavior in controls than in people with SZ. Furthermore, dispositional loneliness showed associations with mobility metrics in both groups, while general social functioning was less related to these metrics. Finally, interactions detected in the ambient audio were more tied to social functioning in SZ than in controls. Findings speak to the promise of smartphone-based digital phenotyping as an approach to understanding objective markers of social activity in people with and without schizophrenia.
Inequality, Living Standards and Growth: Two Centuries of Economic Development in Mexico
Authors: Bleynat Ingrid , Challú Amílcar , Segal Paul
Published: June 2020

Historical wage and incomes data are informative both as normative measures of living standards, and as indicators of patterns of economic development. We show that, given limited historical data, median incomes are most appropriate for measuring welfare and inequality, while urban unskilled wages can be used to test dualist models of development. We present a new dataset including both series in Mexico from 1800 to 2015 and find that both have historically failed to keep up with aggregate growth: per worker GDP is now over eight times higher than in the nineteenth century, while unskilled urban real wages are only 2.2 times higher, and median incomes only 2.0 times. From the perspective of inequality and social welfare, our findings confirm that there is no automatic positive relationship between economic growth and rising living standards for the majority. From the perspective of development, we argue that these findings are consistent with a dual economy model incorporating Lewis’s assumption of a reserve army of labour, and explain why Kuznets’s predicted decline in inequality has not occurred. (Stone Center on Socio-Economic Inequality Working Paper)
Beliefs and Habits Towards the Use of English Newspapers in Learning Autonomy
Authors: Shrestha Bina
Published: June 2020

The current era is an era of media and technology. Reading English newspaper is also a technological issue of language learning and teaching. Many studies have shown that autonomous learners are able to learn the language without being spoon-fed the information and assistance. Learners perform many activities inside the classroom and outside the classroom. The present article is the exploration of autonomic English learning strategies through newspaper reading. This study attempts to explore the students’ and teachers’ beliefs towards the use of English newspapers with reference to learning autonomy and it also aims to explore the habits of reading English newspapers. For this, both qualitative and quantitative data have been interpreted and analyzed. To examine the beliefs of students towards the use of English newspapers exit poll questionnaire survey was used. The key informant interview method also has been employed to explore beliefs of the teachers as well as the experiences regarding the reading newspapers and forming the habits of reading newspapers. Furthermore, the results suggest that students should use and read newspapers as an authentic and useful supplementary materials for improving their English language autonomously. Moreover, this study also asks the teachers to make students informed regarding the usefulness of newspapers for the part of learning English language.
Polska literatura dziecięca i młodzieżowa w odbiciu crip theory. Wybrane przykłady
Authors: Fidowicz Alicja
Published: June 2020

Author presents the crip theory and its possibility for interpretation of Polish children’s and youth literature. She is focused on the presentation this theory and its compatibility to Polish culture. In the next part of the paper, author analyses poem To my students (Do moich uczniów) by Jan Twardowski and the novel Pupa (Poczwarka) by Dorota Terakowska, using the crip category.
Od zabawy lalkami do zabawy słowami — tomiki wierszy dla dzieci Pawła Beręsewicza
Authors: Zabawa Krystyna
Published: June 2020

The paper includes the analyses of three books of poems by Paweł Beręsewicz: Lalki Dorotki [Dorotka’s dolls] (2004), Czy pisarzom burczy w brzuchu? [Do writers’ stomachs grumble?] (2009) oraz Złota jedenastka… [The golden eleven…] (2018). The author studies language, composition, the voice and characters creation, as well as the main idea of the three books, also paying attention to illustrations. She reconstructs the status of a speaker and a recipient, and their relationship (i.e. an adult–child relationship). It is also an attempt to place Beręsewicz’s books of poems in the context of his stories and novels.
Kluczowe problemy prawne projektu dyrektywy w sprawie udzielania koncesji
Authors: Wieloński Michał
Published: June 2020

Article deals with the most important legal issues in the directive on the award of concession contracts using the legal dogmatic method and tools taken from the Austrian school of economics. Author attempts to determine the effectiveness of the proposed legal solutions. The general finding is that the proposed solutions are inefficient, because the law cannot replace the natural tendency of the owner to optimally manage her assets. Solutions should not be sought in the creation of further legislation, but in the promotion of private property ownership and fundamental reduction of areas of activity of the authorities.
Stosunki Unii Europejskiej z Republiką Indii
Authors: Stankiewicz Wojciech
Published: June 2020

The Republic of India is becoming increasingly more influential and important both in the region and on the international arena. Since the first special meeting of the European Union and the Republic of India in Lisbon in 2000 their relations have become stronger within the areas of politics, geopolitics, economics and trade. However, in spite of admirable agreements, declarations, meetings, and numerous assurances, the strategic partnership is not functioning truly effectively. According to the Announcement signed in 2004 and the Joint Action Plan adopted in 2005, and brought up to date in 2008, a mutual purpose of the EU and India is to deepen the dialogue and broaden the cooperation. The European Union perceives very few states as possible strategic partners. Republic of India and the European Union differ in understanding common interests of the cooperation. One side is aspiring to strengthen its position as the regional leader and influential member of international arena. The other partner is doing its best to form a whole systems of alliances with a specific coalition of interests. The imperfection of arrangements, especially their excessive vagueness, strongly suggests that the political cooperation is almost impossible.
Central and Eastern European states in global production linkages: country-level and sector-level analysis
Authors: Cieślik Ewa
Published: June 2020

The paper evaluates Central and Eastern European countries’ (CEEs) location in global vertical specialization (global value chains, GVCs). To locate each country in global value chains (upstream or downstream segment/market) and to compare them with the selected countries, a very selective methodology was adopted. We concluded that (a) CEE countries differ in the levels of their participation in production linkages. Countries that have stronger links with Western European countries, especially with Germany, are more integrated; (b) a large share of the CEE countries’ gross exports passes through Western European GVCs; (c) most exporters in Central and Eastern Europe are positioned in the downstream segments of production rather than in the upstream markets. JEL classification: F14, F15.
Europejska Rada ds. Ryzyka Systemowego jako nowy organ polityki regulacyjnej
Authors: Kraś Ireneusz
Published: June 2020

The article deals with the European Systemic Risk Board as a new institution of regulatory policy of the European Union. The aim of this work is to analyse using the tools and methods used to realize this policy. The European Systemic Risk Board makes up a macro-prudential pillar in supervising the financial system of the European Union. In this research paper, the most important tools for realization of regulatory policy are shown. There are warnings, confidential warnings and recommendations. Next, the author raises the question of the influence of credibility and responsibility of the Board for realization of regulatory policy. In the last part of the article, the evaluation of the realization of the regulatory policy is discussed and some changes are suggested. In the conclusion, the author shows arguments for and against this hypothesis.
Unia Europejska w świecie: soft power, hard power czy może smart power?
Authors: Niedźwiecki Sławomir
Published: June 2020

The main purpose of the article is to ask whether the European Union is a smart power actor. Most of the previous research has treated the EU as a soft power. This work is an analysis of the tools which the European Union uses in its foreign policy. Research has been conducted in the context of types of powers, which have been formulated by Joseph Nye: hard power, soft power and smart power. It was necessary to survey what instruments does the European Union use to have impact on other participants of international relations. Nowadays, a range of these tools is relatively developed, taking into account that the EU is an international organisation. In the conclusion, it is stated that the contemporary European Union should be treated as a soft power, but simultaneously it is an actor which attempts to become a smart power, and has relevant predispositions to it.
Effects of Vitamin D3 on Methotrexate- Induced Jejunum Damage in Rats
Authors: Abdul-Wahab Farah K. , Al-Shawi Nada N
Published: June 2020

Both methotrexate and vitamin D3 are used in combination for the treatment of various diseases. The aim of this study is to highlight the effect of vitamin D3 on methotrexate-induced jejunum damage using biochemical and   histopathological  studies. Seven groups of both sexes of rats were selected and treated as follows: (Group I and Group II) : control 1,control 2 (I.P normal saline) daily for 14 and 21 days respectively ; (Group III and Group IV) :vitamin D3 groups (500 IU/rat/day) orally for 14 and 21 days, respectively;(Group V): once daily dose of methotrexate 20mg/kg, I.P injected for 4 days;(Group VI):vitamin D3 (500 IU/rat/day) once daily for 14 days and methotrexate (20 mg/kg I.P) injected only at day 10;.(Group VII) vitamin D3 (500 IU/rat/day) orally for 21 days and methotrexate (20 mg/kg I.P) injected only at day 17; then the jejunum was removed and used for measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) content, total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) level; in addition histopathological study of jejunum tissue. Administration of vitamin D3 for 21 days and a single dose of methotrexate at day 17 resulted in non-significant difference (P>0.05) in MDA; while significant reduction (P<0.05) in the TAOC level in jejunum tissue; furthermore , sever villi damage ,crypts abscess, epithelial atrophy , mixed inflammatory cells infiltrate and goblet cells depletion were observed in comparison with methotrexate group. So the study demonstrates that vitamin D3 plays a synergistic role with methotrexate therefore the combined use of vitamin D3 and methotrexate may be used as a strategy to overcome dose limitations and side effects when use for the treatment of cancer, rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis.

Key words: Jejunum damage, Methotrexate, Oxidative stress, Rats, Vitamin D3.
Sentinel Lymph Nodes Detection in Early-Stage Breast Cancer: ICG-Enhanced Fluorescence and Radioactivity Detection Methods Comparison
Authors: Telishevskiy Anton , Telishevskiy Anton , Papayan G. V. , Chizh I. A. , Vinogradov I. A. , Petrischev N. N. , Kolarkova V. V.
Published: June 2020

Introduction: A sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is a standard procedure for surgical staging in the
early stage of breast cancer, avoiding excess lymphadenectomy in most patients. Among the new methods
of SLNB, there is a prospective method based on the use of indocyanine green (ICG) as a contrast medium.
Numerous studies to assess the possibility of the routine use of ICG fluorescence method generally favored
the use of ICG. The main issue discussed is whether it can be used alone or in combination with the RI
method. In this work, using the specified device, we conducted a study aimed at intercomparing of ICG
fluorescence imaging and the radioactivity detection methods in order to assess prospects for the use of the
ICG method of imaging for SLN detection in early-stage breast cancer.
Material and Methods: A prospective, non-randomized single-center study was conducted at the
oncological breast unit Pavlov State Medical University, Russia. The study included 32 patients aged from
34 to 78 (median-55.2 years) with breast cancer (cTis-3, N0-2). 4 patients underwent surgery after
neoadjuvant systemic treatment. 30-45 minutes before the surgery, additionally, 2 ml of the ICG solution
was administered near the tumor margin via single skin puncture. The solution was prepared by dissolving
25 mg ICG in 20% of human albumin. Then the place of injection was massaged for at least 5 minutes. SLN
biopsy was performed by two criteria by the presence of radioactivity in the axillary region, which was
monitored using a handheld gamma-detector or by the ICG fluorescence, location of which was visualized
using the ICG-Scope system. The lymph node was recognized as a sentinel if its intensity exceeded the
background radioactivity level of 99mTc or exceeded the threshold value upon the ICG fluorescence, which
was 1% of the standard sample intensity.
Triple Trouble: Colonic Obstruction by Sigmoid Volvulus in a Patient Affected by Ogilvie Syndrome and Giant Bochdalek Hernia
Authors: Costi Renato , Marchesi Federico , Montali Filippo , Palmieri Gerardo , Costi Renato
Published: June 2020

Bochdalek hernia is a congenital left diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), usually diagnosed in children following
the onset of thoracic symptoms such as dyspnea or tachycardia. Ogilvie’s syndrome (or acute colonic
pseudo-obstruction) may be due to several conditions, including neurologic diseases, neuroleptic therapy
and systemic syndromes, and is characterized by massive colon dilation in the absence of mechanical
obstruction or toxic mega-colon. Sigmoid volvulus, consisting of sigmoid rotation around its axis, is a
relatively frequent cause of large bowel obstruction. The three simultaneous conditions in the same patient
in an emergency setting are rare, leading to a challenging situation concerning diagnosis and management.
Here, we report the case of a mentally disabled 59-year-old female presenting with colonic obstruction
caused by sigmoid volvulus after several episodes of Ogilvie’s syndrome-related pseudo-occlusion, found
to have a giant left-sided Bochdalek diaphragmatic hernia. The patient was treated by an emergency
laparoscopic approach. Despite the resolution of the abdominal picture, the patient died on postoperative
day 15 by respiratory failure.
Análise de desempenho de planta de ciclo combinado, antes e após manutenção (major inspection) na turbina a gás
Authors: Petry Magali , Dewes Moura Ângela Beatrice
Published: June 2020

A análise exergética de plantas de turbinas a gás de ciclo combinado (TGCC) torna-se uma ferramenta interessante para avaliar os benefícios da major inspection na turbinas a gás. Devido aos altos custos envolvidos na realização dessa manutenção, avaliar a eficiência da planta pode ajudar a tomar a decisão correta quanto ao momento mais favorável de parar a máquina. Este trabalho apresenta a análise exergética de uma planta de ciclo combinado, antes e após uma major inspection. Para tanto, a metodologia consistiu em uma coleta de dados necessária para a elaboração de modelos com considerações, baseadas em revisão de literatura sobre o assunto. O software EES foi utilizado como ferramenta para calcular essas eficiências. A análise da inspeção do ponto de vista de degradação foi ilustrada nos resultados relacionados ao tema. A conclusão demonstrou um aumento em eficiência geral da planta na ordem de 2%.
Changes in the Sector Employment Structure of the Silesian Voivodeship beetwen 2009-2017
Authors: Kotlorz Dorota , Jarus Oskar
Published: June 2020

Transformations of employment structures reflect changes in the economic structure. This structure is closely related to economic development. The importance and complexity of this field make structural changes one of the most important areas of scientific research. Detailed recognition and deepening of knowledge about sectoral transformations of employment structures, as well as current and future trends in this area, are necessary for finding optimal solutions that will accelerate changes in the economy. The purpose of the study is to identify and evaluate changes in the sectoral employment structure in the Silesian Voivodeship in the years 2009-2017, with particular emphasis on intra-sectoral changes in the service sector. In connection with this, an analysis of structural changes was carried out in the Silesian Voivodeship in the examined period. The research was based on data obtained from the Local Data Bank. The analysis of structural changes in employment was conducted using structure and dynamics indicators as well as one of the known measures of structure diversity. The results of the analysis allowed this study to recognize and assess changes within the sectoral employment structure within the studied region.
Book Reviews
Authors: Shepard Jane , Laberge Yves , Vorhölter Julia
Published: June 2020

Uncertainty and Possibility: New Approaches to Future Making in Design Anthropology. Yoko Akama, Sarah Pink and Shanti Sumartojo, London: Bloomsbury, 2018, ISBN: 978-1-3500-027-1, 147 pp., Pb $53.99.

Media, Anthropology and Public Engagement Sarah Pink and Simone Abram (eds), New York: Berghahn, 2017, ISBN: 978-1-7853-3744-4, 228 pp., Pb $29.95.

Contingent Citizens: Professional Aspirations in a South African Hospital Elizabeth Hull, London: Bloomsbury, 2017, ISBN: 978-1-350-02775-6, 264 pp.