bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
I-V characteristics and voltage dependence of pH-sensitive organic electrochemical transistors
Authors: Li Shi-Jia , Wang Zhen-Xing , Niu Yan , Wang Bin , Sang Sheng-Bo , Zhang Wen-Dong , Gao Yang , Ji Jian-Long ,   Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Sensing and Artificial Intelligence Sensing of Shanxi Province, Institute of Information and Computer science, Taiyuan University of Technology, Jinzhong 030600, China,   Institute of Information Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China,   Institute of Integrated Circuits, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Published: March 2022

The pH-sensitive organic electrochemical transistors are expected to be widely used in wearable electronic devices for in-situ physiological monitoring. However, the unclear current-voltage relationship seriously hinders it from developing in design, optimization, and application. In the present work, the current-voltage characteristic of pH-sensitive organic electrochemical transistor is investigated by combining the electrochemical equilibrium equation with the series model of differential capacitances formed at gate electrode/electrolyte and semiconductor channel/electrolyte interface. Moreover, a pH-sensitive organic electrochemical transistor is constructed by using poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/polystyrene sulfonate as the semiconductor layer material and modifying the gate electrode with pH-sensitive polymer (poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/bromothymol blue). The effectiveness of the theoretical model is verified by investigating the output, transfer, and pH response characteristics of the pH-sensitive organic electrochemical transistor. The experimental results show that the detection sensitivity can reach up to 0.22 mA·pH·unit–1, and the pH response is gate-bias dependent. Then, a polynomial indicating the gate bias effect is introduced to modify the current-voltage characteristic equation. The goodness of fitting the theoretical model to the experimental results of transfer curves is found to be 0.998. The comparison between experimental and theoretical results of the gate bias corresponding to the peak transconductance and pH sensitivity responding to gate bias can also verify the effectiveness of the modified theoretical model. The results can provide theoretical support for the design and manufacture of pH-sensitive organic electrochemical transistors based flexible biosensors.
Homogenization design and drag reduction characteristics of hydrodynamic cloaks
Authors: Wang Hao  , Yao Neng-Zhi  , Wang Bin  , Wang Xuesheng  ,   School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
Published: March 2022

Hydrodynamic cloaks have attracted extensive attention because of their ability to significantly reduce the surface resistance of designated target. However, most of parameters of traditional hydrodynamic cloaks present inhomogeneous and anisotropy, which increases the challenge of manufacturing hydrodynamic cloaks for us. To overcome this limitation, equivalent medium theory and integral median theorem are used to homogenize the parameters of hydrodynamic cloaks. Numerical simulations verify that the simplified homogeneous hydrodynamic cloaks exhibit the equivalent cloaking effect as inhomogeneous hydrodynamic cloaks, which can be applied to different flow fields as well. This simplified method not only can simplify inhomogeneous hydrodynamic cloaks to homogeneous hydrodynamic cloaks, but also can be applied to other physical fields, such as optics, acoustics, electromagnetics, and thermodynamics among other areas for the homogenization of metamaterial design, providing a new method to relax the difficulty of metamaterial design. In addition, based on the applicability of homogeneous hydrodynamic cloaks to different flow fields, hydrodynamic camouflage devices are designed that can camouflage the flow fields generated by the original objects into fields caused by arbitrary objects, offering a scheme for achieving hydrodynamic camouflage. Finally, as Reynolds numbers increase, the cloaking and drag reduction performance of hydrodynamic cloaks are quantitatively compared and analyzed. The results show that hydrodynamic cloaks still exhibit high performance in cloaking and drag reduction in non-creeping flows.
Polymorphism in a Neotropical toad species: ontogenetic, populational and geographic approaches to chromatic variation inProceratophrys cristiceps(Müller, 1883) (Amphibia, Anura, Odontophrynidae)
Authors: Vieira Kleber Silva , Santos Oliveira Erivanna Karlene , Vieira Washington Luiz Silva , Alves Rômulo Romeu Nóbrega
Published: March 2022

Quantifying variability is important for understanding how evolution operates in polymorphic species such as those of the genusProceratophrysMiranda-Ribeiro, 1920, which is widely distributed in South America.P. cristicepsdistribution is limited to the Caatinga biome in Brazil. We examined its chromatic variation from a populational perspective, looking at different phenetic polymorphism levels and probable chromotypic association by applying statistical and GIS tools that could facilitate future taxonomic research regarding this and other species. We characterizedP. cristicepscolour patterns and re-evaluated its geographic variation, highlighting potential consequences for the taxonomy of the genus. Our results revealed six principle chromotypes whose frequencies varied among sex and ontogenetic classes. Phenotypic expression appeared to respect defined proportions and evidenced selective value for the species. We conclude that individual variation, together with typological traditionalism may overestimate the polymorphic magnitude at the population level and cause taxonomic inflation. Our data support the usefulness ofP. cristicepsas a model for microevolutionary studies.
Susceptibility Profile and Clinical Response of Fosfomycin and Other Antibiotics against Multidrug Resistant Gram Negative Urinary Isolates: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Sahu Chinmoy , Singh Sweta , Patel Sangram Singh , Yaduvanshi Nidhi , Singh Sanjay , Ghoshal Ujjala
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Irrational use of antibiotics to treat Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) has led to the development of Multidrug Resistant (MDR) bacteria in both community as well as the hospital settings. Fosfomycin has emerged as a novel therapeutic option to treat these UTI patients along with empirically used routine antibiotics. Aim: To assess the sensitivity, molecular resistance mechanisms and clinical response of fosfomycin along with other urinary antibiotics like nitrofurantoin, colistin, and imipenem. Materials and Methods: It was a cross-sectional observational study from July 2018 to June 2019 in SGPGIMS, Lucknow, India. Stream urine samples of 24,782 patients were collected with clinical suspicion of UTI. The antibiotics were tested by disc diffusion and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) methods. Genotypic analysis was done for testing resistance mechanisms in fosfomycin resistant isolates. Statistical tests were performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software for Windows version 14.0. Results: Out of the 24,782 urine samples, 2,776 (11.2%) showed significant growth of pathogens ,with 334 drug resistant isolates among them. Gram negative bacilli 1846 (66.50%) was the most predominantly isolated pathogen in the cultures. Among the 334 drug resistant specimens, Escherichia coli {124 (37.13%)} were maximum in number. Total 79.6% (266/334) of the isolates were sensitive to fosfomycin including 89% (110/ 124) of E. coli, and 91.3% (105/115) of K.pneumoniae isolates. Colistin showed sensitivity in 87% (108/124) of the E.coli isolates; followed by Imipenem in 49% (61/124) and nitrofurantoin in 37% (46/124) of the isolates. Fos A genes were found to be the most prevalent in Fosfomycin resistant. About 41% of the patients showed favourable outcome and were cured with initiation of treatment as per sensitivity pattern. Conclusion: Fosfomycin has emerged as a safer option in MDR urinary isolates as compared to other urinary antibiotics including colistin. The drug needs to be more widely studied for its possible pharmacokinetics and dynamics as well as it’s possible implications in health care settings and patient management.
A Prospective Study of Supine Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy with a Modified Technique: A Safe and Desirable Tool in the Armamentarium of Urologists
Authors: Dixit Vimal Kumar , Vijjan Vivek Kumar , Aggarwal Amulya
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Supine Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) has failed to gain popularity despite the various advantages, primarily due to a lack of standardised technique. A simple and replicable technique is needed to increase its popularity amongst urologists. Aim: To simplify and standardise the puncture technique of supine PCNL and compare it with the Clinical Research Office of the Endourological Society (CROES) PCNL global study. Materials and Methods: A prospective interventional study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India, between June-December 2020. A total of 82 consecutive patients underwent the procedure with a modified technique of initial puncture using bony landmarks. The results of present study were compared with the outcomes of the patients who underwent supine PCNL in the CROES PCNL global study which is the largest prospective database regarding the supine and prone positions of PCNL till date. Statistical analysis of various demographic variables, patient characteristics and results was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24.0 software. Results: The mean age of patients was 47.52±13.044 years and mean stone burden of 266.146±172.430 mm2 . The mean operative time was 85.59±12.733 minutes. Lower calyceal puncture was done in 97.56% of patients. Stone clearance was achieved by a single puncture in 73 (89.0%) patients while 9 (11.0%) patients required two punctures. Sixteen patients (19.51%) had postnephrostomy drain removal leak which settled within 24 hours. Only in one patient the leak continued beyond 24 hours but was managed conservatively. On comparison, it was observed that mean stone burden was lesser (p-value=0.0001) and the stone free rate was comparatively higher in present study (p-value=0.024). Conclusion: Supine PCNL is an effective and safe procedure in a subset of patients with predominant lower calyceal stone bulk.
REFLEXÕES E ABORDAGENS DO ENSINO DE LEITURA NOS ANOS INICIAIS DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL E SUAS IMPLICAÇÕES PARA O FORTALECIMENTO CULTURAL
Authors: Keffler Soares Ana Paula , Caldas de Castro Mayelli
Published: March 2022

Este estudo propõe uma análise bibliográfica sobre algumas propostas existentes de ensino da leitura com abordagens para o fortalecimento cultural, bem como realiza uma investigação de projetos de leitura que podem auxiliar a prática didático-pedagógica. O trabalho enfoca os anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental e tem como objetivo principal analisar se a leitura pode atuar como fortalecedora da cultura nestas séries. Para isso, o trabalho foi baseado, principalmente, em Cruvinel (2010), Solé (1998), Bakhtin (2006), Candau (2002), Butlen (2015), Gomes (2010) e Rauen (2010). A análise mostrou que a leitura pode sim promover o fortalecimento cultural, principalmente por meio de projetos específicos e aplicação de estratégias.
Design and General Characteristics of ‘Disco Dol’ (Two Seam Trawl) Operated along Ratnagiri, Maharashtra
Authors: Yewale V. G. , Shirdhnakar M. M. , Mohite A. S. , Barve S. K. , Rathod R. H. , Chaudhari K. J. , Patil S. V. , Yadav B. M. , Wasave S. M. , Naik B. V.
Published: March 2022

The present investigation was taken to know the variations with respect to design, net specification, mesh size of Disco dol trawl net operated along the Ratnagiri coast. A total of 42 trawl net was sampled physically by using measurement tape and scale. The data were collected by structured schedule consisting of two major sections. The first section was for vessel details and second for the specifications of trawl nets. The study revealed that, two seam locally known ‘Disco dol’, operated from Ratnagiri was observed with eight belly sections of overall length ranges from 41 to 52m. Wings of the net were triangular in shape with a mesh size variation between 120-440 mm. The dimensions such as breadth, number of meshes along breadth and mesh size were decreasing from first to last belly section, but average number of meshes per metre were increasing from first to last belly. Wide reduction of 400-40 mm was observed in mesh sizes of belly section for Disco dol from first to last belly. Cod end mesh size of trawl operated from Jaigad, Kasarveli, Mirkarwada and Purnagad landing centres was recorded as 20 mm. In Ratnagiri, two seam trawl net was used mainly to catch fishes.
Anxiety and Coping with Anxiety in Patients with COVID-19: A Review of the Existing Literature
Authors: Akhigbe Taiwo
Published: March 2022

Background: The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with significant fear and extreme anxiety in patients; this can lead to a strong emotional state that can negatively impact their mental health and immune system. While the nature and effect of COVID-19 on mental health status are yet to be determined, existing literature offers some clues to understand what to expect in dealing with COVID-19 anxiety. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of anxiety and coping with anxiety in COVID-19 patients 

Method: This is a narrative review of existing literature relevant to the COVID-19 pandemic via PubMed, EMBASE, and GOOGLE SCHOLAR database on anxiety in patients with COVID- 19 and represented in a search flow. Articles search with the use of keywords in various permutations and combinations. 

Results: A total number of 73 articles were identified, following deduplication and exclusion of non-relevant studies two major articles, observational and randomized controlled trials were identified with broad themes specifically on the effect of anxiety on COVID-19 patients. These two publications were written in English and from Chinese centers. 

Conclusion: Current evidence revealed that increased social capital will improve sleep quality by reducing anxiety and stress of patients in self-isolation, also progressive muscle relaxation has a positive effect on improving sleep quality and reducing anxiety in patients with COVID-19. These findings have some serious clinical and public health implications hence this is a call for further research.
Optimization of the Maintenance Factors in Ampel Mosque, Surabaya, Indonesia
Authors: Sedayu Agung
Published: March 2022

The Ampel Mosque in Surabaya is an important historical site for Muslims in Indonesia. The architecture of the Ampel mosque is strongly influenced by Javanese and Arabic culture. a very harmonious integration between Javanese architecture as a form of authenticity and local wisdom in buildings, while Arabic architecture as a complementary and additional component. This research was, therefore, conducted to optimize the maintenance factor in the mosque building to ensure it functions properly and sustainably towards serving as a historic worship place for future generations. Data were collected using questionnaires distributed to the congregants or users of the mosques and analyzed through optimization using a dynamic program based on the level of importance. The results showed seven maintenance factors including the complexity of construction and design, serviceability, building durability, security and safety, aesthetics of the building, user comfort, and maintenance capability. Moreover, the optimization process prioritized the ease in construction work, stability of the construction, durability against structural damage to the building, use of non-hazardous materials, aesthetics of the building, the comfort of indoor and outdoor spaces, and ease of maintenance. These are expected to be the focus of the mosque manager in maintaining the authenticity of the building components. This, therefore, means the Ampel Mosque building can be maintained as a religious tourism destination at the national and international levels in order to ensure its historical value is sustained while the local and national economy is improved.
Psychometric Properties of PSS-10 among Atrial Fibrillation Patients
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad Zahid , Jabeen Bushra , Kassab Yaman W. , Iqbal Muhammad Shahid
Published: March 2022

Objective: The objective of the current study was to assess the psychometric properties of Perceived Stress Scale 10 (PSS-10) among atrial fibrillation (AF) patients.

Methodology: A cross-sectional study was performed among AF patients using the PSS-10. Sociodemographic and patients reported clinical data were collected. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24.0. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: There were more male patients (n=165) than the female patients (n=111) in total of 276 studied patients. No major issues regarding internal consistency, factorial validity, convergent validity and floor and ceiling effect were observed.

Conclusion: The present study confirmed the psychometric properties validation of PSS-10 among AF patients.
Morphometric Computed Tomography-Based Analysis of Cervical Pedicle and Facet Joints in South Indian Population
Authors: Gandra Abhinav , Pavithra S. , Vignesh P. S. Arun , Raj S. Vishnu , Rathi Nitesh Kumar
Published: March 2022

Title: Morphometric CT based analysis of cervical pedicle and facet joints in South Indian population.

Aim: To evaluate individual morphometric variations of the cervical spine pedicles and facet joints by computed tomography among patients attending a tertiary care centre.

Methodology: A retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out among 25 patients undergoing CT study of the cervical spine at Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Thandalam. Various measurements of the cervical pedicles and cervical facet joints were obtained and analysed as mean, standard deviation, and range using Statistical Package for the Social Sciencessoftware.

Results: Among the 25 subjects, 56% were males and 44% were females with mean age of 59.9 and 55.2 respectively. Pedicle length (PL) and Pedicle height (PH) was comparatively smaller in women than in men. Pedicle isthmus (PI) and Lateral pedicle distance (LPD) of C7 was the greatest in both genders. Pedicle axial length (PAL) was equal in both genders with left side being more than the right. Maximum Superior Pedicle distance (SPD) was found to be at C5 level in both genders. Sagittal angulation showed lesser values in females and the Transverse angulation was the lowest at C7 level in both genders. Facet tropism showed a decreasing pattern from C3 to C7 in both genders.

Conclusion: This study helps the surgeon to understand variations in the morphometrics of the study population and will be useful in the determination of a safe treatment modality.
Psychometric Validation of Cohen’s Perceived Stress Scale among Warfarin Patients: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Khan Salah-ud-Din , Iqbal Muhammad Shahid
Published: March 2022

Objective: This study aimed to perform the psychometric validation of Perceived Stress Scale 10 among warfarin patients.

Methodology: A cross-sectional study was performed among warfarin patients using the Perceived Stress Scale 10. Sociodemographic and patients reported clinical data were collected. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24.0. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: Out of total 409 study participants, there were more male patients (n=280, 68.5%) than the female patients (n=129, 31.5%). No major issues regarding internal consistency, factorial validity, convergent validity and floor and ceiling effect were observed.

Conclusion: The present study confirmed the psychometric properties of Perceived Stress Scale 10 among the studied cohort of the warfarin patients.
Will Suprahyoid Muscle Release be Effective to Improve Swallowing in Patients with Temporomandibular Disorders? A Single Group Experimental Study
Authors: Joshi Kavita , Mahanta Sukdeb , Kahile Milind , Deshmukh Neha , Patel Vivek , Gawande Vasant
Published: March 2022

Background: As for jaw opening force, hyoid resting position and hyoid dynam­ics are very important and are considered to be affected directly by the suprahyoid muscles. MFR is found to be effective in giving symptomatic relief and increasing jaw ROM in patients with myofascial TMD. The study will specify the importance of Suprahyoid MFR in improving swallowing & jaw function in TMD.

Objectives: The study aimed at finding out the effectiveness of suprahyoid muscle MFR on swallowing and jaw function in patients with TMD.

Methods: 20 participants with myogenous TMD were included after fulfilling the selection criteria. Treatment strategies involved MFR to suprahyoid muscle for 3 sessions in a week for one week and home exercise program involving the tongue proprioception exercises. The outcome measures were evaluated through Sydney swallowing questionnaire (SSQ-17), LDF-TMD questionnaire and maximal interincisal opening (IIO). The data was analysed and inference was drawn through paired and unpaired t tests.

Results: The result of the present study showed that participants improved significantly (p <0.05) at post one week on all the outcome measures (IIO, SSQ & LDF-TMD).

Conclusion: This study demonstrated that suprahyoid release is effective in improving swallowing in patients with TMD.
An Observational Study on Gluteal Muscle Surface Electromyography and Physical Activity in Male Adults with Non-Specific Low Back Pain
Authors: Thamizhselvan E. , Shivaranjani B. , Swathi Saina , Senthil P. , Neelam N. Shazia
Published: March 2022

Background: Nonspecific low back pain is defined as a low back pain without a plausible cause alike to that in the European guiding principles. Every year around 15%-45% of adults suffer from low back pain and 5% of people visit hospital with a new episode. Approximately 10%were having work absenteism and about 20% had persistent symptoms for 1 year. Gluteus medius weakness and gluteal muscle tenderness are common symptoms in people with nonspecific LBP .Surface electromyography (sEMG), a measure of muscle activity, allows both a patient and clinician to have direct and immediate access to muscle functioning that is not possible with manual palpation or visual observation. In addition too much or too little physical activity is associated with low back pain.

Objective: To analyze the activity of gluteus maximus and medius with surface EMG among young male adults with nonspecific low back pain. To analyze the correlation between IPAQ and NPRS among young male adults with nonspecific low backpain.

Participants and Methods: This observational study was conducted in six dots health enhancement academy with total of 50 participants. The participants were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The sampling method used is convenient sampling method. The outcome measure used was (sEMG), IPAQ and NPRS.

Results: There is a significant, weakness of right and left gluteus medius. The EMG activity of right and left gluteus medius (R=44.37, L=44.34) indicates the weakness compared to EMG activity of right and left gluteus maximus (R=47.41, L=47.01). There is a significant correlation between NPRS and IPAQ; the p value0.027 which is <0.05.

Conclusion: This observational study results proved that there is a significant difference between EMG activity of gluteus medius and maximus, in which gluteus medius muscles were weaker than gluteus maximus muscles among young male adults. There is a significant correlation between numerical pain rating scale and international physical activity questionnaire, which states that increase in physical activity, can increase severity of pain among young male adults.
Coumarin: A Novel Tool for Multidisciplinary Activities
Authors: Jadhav Sonali M. , Adsule Prajakta V. , Chabukswar Anuruddha R. , Kore Sushil S. , Shevate Krishna S.
Published: March 2022

Coumarin 2H-1-benzopyran-2-one core has been a field of attention due to its exclusive propensity to accept variable classes of replacements which proves it as the origin for multi-disciplinary activities. Many researchers replicates that coumarin derivatives synthesized by structural modifications & alterations that exhibits diverse pharmacological activities like Anticancer, Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibition, Anti-bacterial, Antifungal, Antiviral, Anticoagulant, Anti Alzheimer activity, Anticonvulsant Activity, Anti-inflammatory etc.The motive of this study is to review, various substituted coumarin derivatives and provide the opportunity of designing & synthesizing novel coumarin based drugs and exploring their possible derivatives in the cure of numerous disorders. This review summerizes the recent development in synthesis of Coumarin based derivatives with various biological activities.
Accuracy of Toric Intraocular Lens Axis Alignment Using Manual Slit Lamp Method and CALLISTO Eye Image-Guided System
Authors: Riyanto Setiyo Budi , Ratna Sari Dwi Cahyani , Gondhowiardjo Tjahjono D. , . Suhardjo , Sasongko Muhammad Bayu
Published: March 2022

Aims: Image-guided systems are the gold standard for determining toric intraocular lens (IOL) axis alignment. However, their high cost prevents widespread use of these systems. As an alternative, a simpler and affordable method could be performed manually using a slit-lamp biomicroscope. This study aims to compare the accuracy of manual toric IOL axis marking using a slit-lamp compared to the CALLISTO eye image-guided system.

Study Design: Prospective comparative

Methods: In this prospective study, toric IOL axis alignment of 42 eyes with cataract and coexisting corneal astigmatism were evaluated using manual slitlamp method and CALLISTO eye image-guided method. Preoperative and postoperative uncorrected visual acuity, best corrected visual acuity, amount of spherical and astigmatic refractive errors, and postoperative IOL axis alignment were evaluated. Intraclass correlation of the manual method was calculated and the difference of IOL axis alignment to the image-guided method was compared.

Results: Toric IOL implantation reduced the amount of astigmatic refractive error from -1.63 ± 0.65 D to -0.50 ± 0.19 D in the image-guided group and from -1.93 ± -0.90 D to -0.87 ± 0.26 D in the manual slitlamp group. As many as 90.5% of eyes in the image-guided group and 81.0% of eyes in the manual slitlamp group reached the target induced astigmatism (p=0.38). Manual axis marking showed intraclass correlation of 99.3%. However, when the manual method was compared to the image-guided method a mean difference in axis alignment of 10.98o (95% confidence interval: 9.32o - 12.63o) was observed.

Conclusions: Alignment of toric IOL axis using the manual method demonstrated a consistent result; yet producing a considerable difference to the result of the image-guided method.
Dosimetric assessment of patient dose calculation on a deep learning‐based synthesized computed tomography image for adaptive radiotherapy
Authors: Lemus Olga M. Dona , Wang Yi‐Fang , Li Fiona , Jambawalikar Sachin , Horowitz David P. , Xu Yuanguang , Wuu Cheng‐Shie
Published: March 2022

Purpose

Dose computation using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images is inaccurate for the purpose of adaptive treatment planning. The main goal of this study is to assess the dosimetric accuracy of synthetic computed tomography (CT)‐based calculation for adaptive planning in the upper abdominal region. We hypothesized that deep learning‐based synthetically generated CT images will produce comparable results to a deformed CT (CTdef) in terms of dose calculation, while displaying a more accurate representation of the daily anatomy and therefore superior dosimetric accuracy.

Methods

We have implemented a cycle‐consistent generative adversarial networks (CycleGANs) architecture to synthesize CT images from the daily acquired CBCT image with minimal error. CBCT and CT images from 17 liver stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) patients were used to train, test, and validate the algorithm.

Results

The synthetically generated images showed increased signal‐to‐noise ratio, contrast resolution, and reduced root mean square error, mean absolute error, noise, and artifact severity. Superior edge matching, sharpness, and preservation of anatomical structures from the CBCT images were observed for the synthetic images when compared to the CTdef registration method. Three verification plans (CBCT, CTdef, and synthetic) were created from the original treatment plan and dose volume histogram (DVH) statistics were calculated. The synthetic‐based calculation shows comparatively similar results to the CTdef‐based calculation with a maximum mean deviation of 1.5%.

Conclusions

Our findings show that CycleGANs can produce reliable synthetic images for the adaptive delivery framework. Dose calculations can be performed on synthetic images with minimal error. Additionally, enhanced image quality should translate into better daily alignment, increasing treatment delivery accuracy.
Massachusetts nursing facilities ignored warnings not to deny OUD admissions
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: March 2022

Despite clear guidance from state public health officials warning against the practice, post‐acute care facilities in Massachusetts continued a pattern of frequently denying admission to patients with opioid use disorder (OUD), a newly published study reports. That these denials continued to occur in a state where the issue had gained the attention of both public health authorities and federal prosecutors suggests it is likely that patients with OUD who need care after a hospitalization face discriminatory practices across the country.
Semiconducting Metal–Organic Frameworks Decorated with Spatially Separated Dual Cocatalysts for Efficient Uranium(VI) Photoreduction
Authors: Yu Kaifu , Tang Li , Cao Xin , Guo Zhenghong , Zhang Yang , Li Nan , Dong Changxue , Gong Xiang , Chen Tao , He Rong , Zhu Wenkun
Published: March 2022

Reduction of soluble hexavalent uranium (U(VI)) to sparingly soluble tetravalent uranium (U(IV)) with semiconductor photocatalysts is recognized as a novel, green, and simple U‐extraction method. Furthermore, effective charge separation and utilization are critical factors to achieve high‐efficiency U(VI) photoreduction. Herein, a UiO‐66‐based heterostructured photocatalyst (MnOx/UiO‐66/Ti3C2Tx) with spatially separated dual cocatalysts (MnOx nanoparticles and Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets) is successfully developed for efficient U(VI) photoreduction without sacrificial agents. As co‐catalysts, MnOx nanoparticles favor the trapping of holes, while Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets tend to collect electrons. Consequently, the photogenerated holes and electrons flow into and out of the photocatalyst, respectively, achieving efficient charge separation required by MnOx/UiO‐66/Ti3C2Tx to remove U(VI). Impressively, the U(VI) removal ratio via MnOx/UiO‐66/Ti3C2Tx reaches to 98.4% in the U(VI) solution after 60 min, with a photoreaction rate constant of 0.0948 min−1. Moreover, MnOx/UiO‐66/Ti3C2Tx exhibits brilliant U(VI) extraction capacity in various U(VI) wastewater and U(VI)‐spiked real seawater. Further mechanistic studies indicates that the photogenerated electrons are transferred from the conduction band of UiO‐66 to Ti3C2Tx MXene to reduce U(VI) and generate ·O2–, further leading to a stable crystal phase of (UO2)O2·2H2O. Furthermore, the photogenerated holes are extracted by MnOx nanoparticles in MnOx/UiO‐66/Ti3C2Tx to oxidize water.
High Efficiency of over 25% and Long Device Lifetime of over 500 h at 1000 nit in Blue Fluorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Park Jinho , Kim Ki Ju , Lim Junseop , Kim Taekyung , Lee Jun Yeob
Published: March 2022

In this study, a multiple resonance (MR) type blue emitter is synthesized, characterized, and evaluated for highly efficient and stable blue fluorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). The MR blue fluorescent emitter has a di‐tert‐butyl benzene substituent in the MR core structure to minimize quenching mechanisms by intermolecular interaction. The emitter shows a high photoluminescence quantum yield and small full width at half maximum of 22 nm, which realize high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 11.4% in the single unit OLED and device lifetime up to 95% of the initial luminance (LT95) of 208 h at 1000 cd m−2 and over 10 000 h at 100 cd m−2. The optimized tandem device of the new blue emitter achieves high EQE over 25% and extremely long LT95 of over 500 h at 1000 cd m−2 and 30 000 h at 100 cd m−2. The lifetime of this work is one of the best data of blue OLED lifetime reported in the literature.
A Universal Strategy of Intermolecular Exchange to Stabilize α‐FAPbI3 and Manage Crystal Orientation for High‐Performance Humid‐Air‐Processed Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Min , Sun Haoxuan , Meng Linxing , Wang Meng , Li Liang
Published: March 2022

Preparation of high‐performance perovskite solar cells without strict environmental control is an inevitable trend of commercialization. Humidity is considered the main factor hindering perovskite performance. Formamidine (FA)‐based perovskites suffer from the instability of photoactive black α‐FAPbI3, especially in humid air, and numerous defects in the surface and bulk of perovskite films limit their performance. In this work, long‐chain n‐heptylamine (nHA) is introduced via antisolvent engineering into an FA‐based perovskite film. nHA removes the negative intermediate adduct and promotes the formation of α‐FAPbI3 at room temperature in humid air via intermolecular exchange behavior. Moreover, the existence of nHA in the final perovskite film also reduces the defects and suppresses ion migration. The champion device delivers a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.7% (certificated 22.76%) with negligible hysteresis, and the fabricated devices exhibit superior reproductivity. The device stability is also enhanced, maintaining 95% of its initial PCE after 1500 h in ambient air. Moreover, the PCE has no attenuation at the maximum power point under continuous 1‐sun light soaking for 500 h. The universality of this method is also demonstrated by other perovskite compositions, including methylamine lead iodine (MAPbI3) and FAxMA1−xPbI3 in humid air.
Exchange Bias in Molecule/Fe3GeTe2 van der Waals Heterostructures via Spinterface Effects
Authors: Jo Junhyeon , Calavalle Francesco , Martín‐García Beatriz , Tezze Daniel , Casanova Fèlix , Chuvilin Andrey , Hueso Luis E. , Gobbi Marco
Published: March 2022

The exfoliation of layered magnetic materials generates atomically thin flakes characterized by an ultrahigh surface sensitivity, which makes their magnetic properties tunable via external stimuli, such as electrostatic gating and proximity effects. Another powerful approach to engineer magnetic materials is molecular functionalization, generating hybrid interfaces with tailored magnetic interactions, called spinterfaces. However, spinterface effects have not yet been explored on layered magnetic materials. Here, the emergence of spinterface effects is demonstrated at the interface between flakes of the prototypical layered magnetic metal Fe3GeTe2 and thin films of Co‐phthalocyanine. Magnetotransport measurements show that the molecular layer induces a magnetic exchange bias in Fe3GeTe2, indicating that the unpaired spins in Co‐phthalocyanine develop antiferromagnetic ordering and pin the magnetization reversal of Fe3GeTe2 via magnetic proximity. The effect is strongest for a Fe3GeTe2 thickness of 20 nm, for which the exchange bias field reaches −840 Oe at 10 K and is measurable up to ≈110 K. This value compares very favorably with previous exchange bias fields reported for Fe3GeTe2 in all‐inorganic van der Waals heterostructures, demonstrating the potential of molecular functionalization to tailor the magnetism of van der Waals layered materials.
Corrosion Chemistry of Electrocatalysts
Authors: Li Fu‐Min , Huang Lei , Zaman Shahid , Guo Wei , Liu Hongfang , Guo Xingpeng , Xia Bao Yu
Published: March 2022

Electrocatalysts are the core components of many sustainable energy conversion technologies that are considered the most potential solution to the worldwide energy and environmental crises. The reliability of structure and composition pledges that electrocatalysts can achieve predictable and stable performance. However, during the electrochemical reaction, electrocatalysts are influenced directly by the applied potential, the electrolyte, and the adsorption/desorption of reactive species, triggering structural and compositional corrosion, which directly affects the catalytic behaviors of electrocatalysts (performance degradation or enhancement) and invalidates the established structure–activity relationship. Therefore, it is necessary to elucidate the corrosion behavior and mechanism of electrocatalysts to formulate targeted corrosion‐resistant strategies or use corrosion reconstruction synthesis techniques to guide the preparation of efficient and stable electrocatalysts. Herein, the most recent developments in electrocatalyst corrosion chemistry are outlined, including corrosion mechanisms, mitigation strategies, and corrosion syntheses/reconstructions based on typical materials and important electrocatalytic reactions. Finally, potential opportunities and challenges are also proposed to foresee the possible development in this field. It is believed that this contribution will raise more awareness regarding nanomaterial corrosion chemistry in energy technologies and beyond.
Building Practical High‐Voltage Cathode Materials for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Xiang Jingwei , Wei Ying , Zhong Yun , Yang Yan , Cheng Hang , Yuan Lixia , Xu Henghui , Huang Yunhui
Published: March 2022

It has long been a global imperative to develop high‐energy‐density lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) to meet the ever‐growing electric vehicle market. One of the most effective strategies for boosting the energy density of LIBs is to increase the output voltage, which largely depends upon the cathode materials. As the most‐promising cathodes for high‐voltage LIBs (>4 V vs Li/Li+), four major categories of cathodes including lithium‐rich layered oxides, nickel‐rich layered oxides, spinel oxides, and high‐voltage polyanionic compounds still encounter severe challenges to realize the improvement of output voltage while maintaining high capacity, fast rate capability, and long service life. This review focuses on the key links in the development of high‐voltage cathode materials from the lab to industrialization. First, the failure mechanisms of the four kinds of materials are clarified, and the optimization strategies, particularly solutions that are easy for large‐scale production, are considered. Then, to bridge the gap between lab and industry, the cost management, safety assessment, practical battery‐performance evaluation, and sustainability of the battery technologies, are discussed. Finally, tough challenges and promising strategies for the commercialization of high‐voltage cathode materials are summarized to promote the large‐scale application of LIBs with high energy densities.
Foldable Solid‐State Batteries Enabled by Electrolyte Mediation in Covalent Organic Frameworks
Authors: Guo Dong , Shinde Digambar B. , Shin Woochul , Abou‐Hamad Edy , Emwas Abdul‐Hamid , Lai Zhiping , Manthiram Arumugam
Published: March 2022

Solid‐state electrolytes with high Li+ conductivity, flexibility, durability, and stability offer an attractive solution to enhance safety and energy density. However, meeting these stringent requirements poses challenges to the existing solid polymeric or ceramic electrolytes. Here, an electrolyte‐mediated single‐Li+‐conductive covalent organic framework (COF) is presented, which represents a new category of quality solid‐state Li+ conductors. In situ solidification of a tailored liquid electrolyte boosts the charge‐carrier concentration in the COF channels, decouples Li+ cations from both COF walls and molecular chains, and eliminates defects by crystal soldering. Such an altered microenvironment activates the motion of Li+ ions in a directional manner, which leads to an increase in Li+ conductivity by 100 times with a transference number of 0.85 achieved at room temperature. Moreover, the electrolyte conversion cements the ultrathin COF membrane with fortified mechanical toughness. With the COF membrane, foldable solid‐state pouch cells are demonstrated.
Dual‐Site Single‐Atom Catalysts with High Performance for Three‐Way Catalysis
Authors: Zhou Xuan , Han Kai , Li Kai , Pan Jing , Wang Xiao , Shi Weidong , Song Shuyan , Zhang Hongjie
Published: March 2022

In response to growing levels of air pollution and emission regulations, novel three‐way catalysts (TWCs) with high efficiency are highly coveted. Herein, a multi‐step heating strategy to fabricate a unique dual‐site catalyst composed of strongly coupled Pt and Pd atoms located in neighboring positions on the surface of CeO2 is demonstrated. Outstanding three‐way catalytic performance is demonstrated, especially for NO elimination. Based on comprehensive investigations, the enhancement is attributed to the strong interactions between the neighboring Pt and Pd atoms, which can separately serve as active sites for CO and NO adsorption, efficiently reducing the energy barrier and accelerating the reaction rate. These findings not only contribute to designing and constructing next‐generation catalysts, but also provide a promising opportunity to improve fuel efficiency and control emissions.
Analysis of Carrier Behavior for Amorphous Indium Gallium Zinc Oxide After Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Treatment
Authors: Zhang Jiaona , Zhang Min , Chang Kuan‐Chang , Rong Zhao , Zhang Yuqing , Zhang Shengdong , Chan Mansun
Published: March 2022

Amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide (a‐IGZO) thin‐film quality can be enhanced using supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2). How to verify specific and accurate mechanism for the carriers inside an a‐IGZO layer before and after the SCCO2 treatment is worth investigating. This work designs a‐IGZO thin film transistors with different channel thicknesses (41, 28, and 19 nm), treats them using SCCO2, and analyzes the change in carrier behavior. The effect of the SCCO2 on both carrier density and carrier transport is investigated using energy band information, Technology Computer Aided Design (TCAD) simulations on density of states and resistance analyses. After the treatment, the thinner channel thickness exhibits better drivability enhancement. That is because of the fewer traps and smoother carrier transportation path resulted from better M−O−M frameworks, and decreased M−OH bonds as well as interface charges. Besides the traditional analysis methods and TCAD simulations, layer‐by‐layer X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and sheet resistance measurement are also applied to verify the detailed carrier mechanism behind different phenomena.
3D Waterproof MXene‐Based Textile Electronics for Physiology and Motion Signals Monitoring
Authors: Fan Wenjing , Li Cheng , Li Wei , Yang Jin
Published: March 2022

MXene‐based textile electronics are great promising wearable devices due to their potential applications in human healthcare and artificial intelligence but are generally hindered by the long response time and absence of physiological signal details. Herein, a novel MXene‐based textile pressure sensor fabricated by assembled MXene onto the scuba knit with a hollow structure is constructed. Benefiting from the high electrical conductivity, specific capacitance, and outstanding mechanical properties of MXene, the as‐designed textile sensor exhibits multiple splendid sensing properties, such as high sensitivity (GF = 23.7 kPa−1), fast response time (71.5 ms), great stability (over 20 000 cycles), and excellent waterproof capability (up to 6 h immersion in water). Based on these splendid properties, this sensor can not only perceive pulse signals with feature points and respiration signals with relatively low frequency but also identify joint activity and different words when attached to the subject's knee and throat. Furthermore, a personalized intelligent health monitoring system integrated with the MXene‐based textile sensor is developed to collect the physiological signals from different people and the support vector machine algorithm applied to identify and distinguish them, proposing a great advance in wearable health monitoring.
Endogenous Ionic‐Liquid‐Infused Coatings by Phase Separation for Anti‐Icing and Anti‐Bacterial Applications
Authors: Wang Hua‐Li , Wang Yi‐Xin , Liang Ze‐Hui , Yang Hao‐Cheng , Xu Zhi‐Kang
Published: March 2022

Slippery liquid‐infused porous surfaces have received great attention in anti‐adhesion applications, and ionic liquids are selected as the infiltrated liquid in recent research due to their non‐volatility. Beyond the complicated steps, infiltrating the viscous ionic liquid within a porous structure is challenging during the conventional fabrication process. Herein, a facile method is proposed to fabricate polyurethane‐based slippery ionic‐liquid‐infused coatings in one step through a phase separation process. The solid structure grows from the ionic liquid through a liquid–liquid phases separation process. The coatings perform excellent anti‐bacterial and anti‐icing properties owing to the biocide nature, lubricity, and low freezing point of ionic liquids.
Temperature‐Dependent Exciton Dynamics in CdTe Quantum Dot Superlattices Fabricated via Layer‐by‐Layer Assembly
Authors: Lee TaeGi , Ohshiro Kazuma , Watanabe Taichi , Hyeon‐Deuk Kim , Kim DaeGwi
Published: March 2022

The formation of minibands in quantum dot (QD) superlattices (SLs) dramatically increases the mobility of carriers, giving a new way to apply QDs for optoelectronic devices. In previous studies on QDSLs, only a few studies have investigated the temperature dependence of the photoluminescence (PL) properties of QDSLs focusing on the formation of minibands. Here, a new model is proposed that simultaneously considers the extended and localized exciton states formed in the QDSLs to clarify the PL mechanism of QDSLs. By systematically investigating the temperature dependence of absorption, PL spectra, and PL decay profiles in CdTe QDSLs, it is found that the Stokes shift becomes smaller and the PL decay time of the miniband edge PL becomes longer with an increase in temperature. The elucidated PL mechanism of QDSLs will help clarify further photoexcited dynamics and their physical mechanism intrinsically appearing in the QDSLs with the miniband.
Centimeter‐Scale Propagation of Optical Surface Waves at Visible Wavelengths
Authors: Vosoughi Lahijani Babak , Descharmes Nicolas , Barbey Raphael , Osowiecki Gael D. , Wittwer Valentin J. , Razskazovskaya Olga , Südmeyer Thomas , Herzig Hans Peter
Published: March 2022

Guiding and confining light at interfaces is crucial for applications involving light–matter interactions, such as surface spectroscopy, nonlinear optics, and quantum information technology. While dielectric surface waves offer promising perspectives for strong light confinement at non‐absorbing interfaces, their capacity has not yet been widely explored. This article focuses on the propagation properties of optical modes supported at the free surface of a 1D photonic crystal. The contributions of intrinsic and extrinsic loss mechanisms are investigated. Structures optimized to support long propagating optical surface waves are designed and fabricated. This work experimentally demonstrates, for the first time, the existence of optical surface waves capable of propagating over centimeter‐scale distances in the visible spectral range. The results open new perspectives for the use of optical surface waves in integrated optics and enhanced light–matter interactions.