bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lean Construction in a Real Estate Project – A Case Study
Authors: Srinivas K.
Published: February 2021

More than 70% of construction projects are over budget and delivered beyond thebudgeted time. To overcome the same, the concept of lean integrated project deliverycame into existence. Lean culture focuses on customer by empowering employees. Itinvolves in converting waste into value by reducing waste, improving communication, andpromoting teamwork integration through a common set of tools and techniques. Aim oflean construction is to achieve the affordable cost with optimum utilization of man,material and machinery. Wastes in construction industry which do not add value are supplyin excess materials in inventory for raw material, work in progress, finished goods etc.Waiting for preceding activity, over processing and defects can be reduced through leanconstruction. This paper deals with lean construction techniques for identifying the wastein a construction project and eliminating the same. . In this project estimation of a buildingis done to find cost of the project with respect to specifications and compared thetraditional methods used and lean construction techniques to reduce the cost and improvethe quality in less time with lower cost to satisfy the customer.
Investigating the effect of sidewalk flooring on the behavioral pattern (walking) of citizens in urban spaces (Case Study: Vali asr St., Tehran)
Authors: Rasoulpour Hazhir , Mamandi Masoud
Published: February 2021

The present study has evaluated the effect of architectural forms on the walking activity ofcitizens as a behavioral model in urban physical spaces. The research hypothesis claims that bydesigning purposeful and appropriate architectural forms, the behavior and actions of users in urbanphysical spaces can be to some extent, it designed or controlled, and that the pattern and domains ofhuman behavior in urban streets are the result of the components of environmental quality that areincluded in the design of that street. The present theoretical proposition has been tested in two sequencesfrom Valiasr Street in Tehran. At the theoretical level, the research method is descriptive-analytical andat the experimental level, it is a survey that has been done using the behavioral research method. Theresults show that the floor form and street form are the most influential architectural forms in urbanphysical spaces on the activity of users walking from space in the study sample. Also, someenvironmental factors have a direct effect on human reactions; The research findings show that people'sspeed is directly related to the dimensions of sidewalk carpets and a person tries to take a step accordingto the senses he receives from the sidewalk flooring form and as a result his speed changes accordingto those forms.
Radio Network Planning and Optimization for 5G Telecommunication System Based on Physical Constraints
Authors: Tun Hla Myo
Published: February 2021

The paper mainly focuses on the network planning and optimization problem in the 5G telecommunication system based on the numerical investigation. There have been two portions of this work, such as network planning for efficient network models and optimization of power allocation in the 5G network. The radio network planning process has been completed based on a specific area. The data rate requirement can be solved by allowing the densification of the system by deploying small cells. The radio network planning scheme is the indispensable platform in arranging a wireless network that encounters convinced coverage method, capacity, and Quality of Service necessities. In this study, the eighty micro base stations and two-hundred mobile stations are deployed in the -15km×15km wide selected area in the Yangon downtown area. The optimization processes were also analyzed based on the source and destination nodes in the 5G network. The base stations’ location is minimized and optimized in a selected geographical area with the linear programming technique and analyzed in this study.
The Relationship between Public Service Efficiency of Government and Residential Political Trust in Hong Kong
Authors: Zhang Zhengliang , Wu Shijian , Liu Jia , Zhang Shujian
Published: February 2021

Hong Kong has a long history with its high efficiency and clean and self-disciplined government. Within the past over 20 years, different social development trend has occurred in Hong Kong. The article observed the relationship between political trust from residence and public service efficiency of government in Hong Kong from 1992 to 2015 and found that the value of public service efficiency has a significant effect on political trust in Hong Kong government, the higher the efficiency of public services, the higher the political trust. The author tried to find the path for the Hong Kong government to improve its public service quality and efficiency after testifying the positive correlation between public service efficiency and residential political trust with empirical analysis.
Rice and Climate Change: It’s Significance towards Achieving Food Security in Nigeria: A Review
Authors: E. Diagi B. , O. Edokpa D. , Ajiere Suzan
Published: February 2021

Climate change is already impacting on every aspect of man life on earth especially in the agricultural sectors of developing nations. In Nigeria, and indeed the world over, seasons are shifting, temperatures are rising, landscapes are changing and sea levels are rising. Extreme weather events like drought and flood are becoming more frequent and pronounced.[3] stressed on the fact that Agriculture will suffer from major damage caused by changes in climate especially in the African continent. Nigeria is one of the African country that is highly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change, as Nigeria is still practicing rain fed agriculture [16]. The impact of climate change is experienced in form of extreme climatic events like flooding, severe heats, and droughts which has led to the degradation of soil and consequently low yield in crops. This will have consequences for rice cultivation in Nigeria, where the dominating climatic factor relied on by farmers in the choice of when to prepare the land for planting, the actual planting,the types of crop variety to plant and harvesting of crop is rainfall [23, 24].The implication of this will be interference with food security as rice is an essential food crop in Nigeria that is consumed by a large number of the population. [26] has warned that hunger in Africa will be worsen by adverse effects of climate change, as it threatens the capacity of vulnerable countries like Nigeria to guarantee food security, eradicate poverty and actualize sustainable development in agriculture. The increasing rate of inadequacy in food supply in the world leading to different form of malnutrition is worrisome and more needs to be done in the areas of agriculture so as to guarantee food security to some extent and improve on nourishment, if a world without hunger is to be achieved by 2030.
Knowledge, attitude and practice regarding the cutaneous leishmaniasis among infected patients and their families in Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah
Authors: Abdulmoein Salah Al-Harbi  , Abdulaziz M. Hakami  , Al-Hejri. Yehya Mohammed  , Al-Mutairi Khalid Dakhil Allah  , Alanoud Mohammed Alfaris  , Abdullah Jurullah Alghamdi  , Waheed Sideeg Mohammed
Published: February 2021

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is an important public health problem in different parts of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) on disease has not been studied in AlMadinah. Across-sectional descriptive study was carried out among 86 patient and 177 contemporaneous community cohort of individuals in AlMadinh. A questioner was prepared to evaluate the KAP of the respondents about CL. The patient cohort survey 86 patients of these mean (S.D) age was 33.1(13.4) and large proportion (83.7%) were males, 54.7% Saudi nationality, and a large proportion (64%) were residing in urban areas. The community survey study included 177 participants. [Mean (SD) age was 33.7(11.5 and a large proportion were males (66.1%). In the patient cohort, median knowledge score was 54% whereas in community was 36% reflecting a poor knowledge in both participants. Median attitude score in the patient cohort was 76%, and in the community participants was low (48%). A large proportion approximately (70%) of participants in the patient cohort indicated that they are exposed to insect bites while approximately (79.7%) of community respondents indicated that they are exposed to insect bites. Most of the patients practiced preventive CL disease with a high percent of them used bed nets (69%) and pesticide spraying (67%). whereas in the community cohort practice of these preventive was 66.1% and 75.1%; respectively followed by personal hygiene and window screen (46.3%) In these two patient and community cohorts KAP regarding CL was sub-optimal. Appropriate measures to underlying causes should be implemented.
Effects of antiepileptic drugs on serum lipids profile among young adult Sudanese patient with epilepsy at Aljazeera State
Authors: Tarig Mahadi Eltom  , Nasr Eldin Mohamed  , Abdelmahmoud Mokhtar Bashir  , Abdelgadir Elamin Eltom
Published: February 2021

consequences that lead to an increase in risk of atherosclerosis in patients with epilepsy, several studies have reported that the patients commonly used antiepileptic drugs like phenytoin, and carbamazepine increase serum total Cholesterol, High Density Lipoproteins Cholesterol (HDL-C) Low Density lipoprotein Cholesterol ( LDL-C ) levels and Triglyceride (TG) .The aim of this study to assess and compare serum lipid profile of young adult patients treated by anti-epileptic drugs (phenytoin, oxcarbazepine and valproic acid) . Materials and Methods a cross-sectional study was conducted in Aljazeera state. Epileptic patients were of recruited. and taking antiepileptic drugs for more than six months and on regular follow up; approximately 120 patients on commonly used antiepileptic drugs (40 on phenytoin, 40 on oxcarbazepine, 40 on valproic Acid). Age and sex matching 40 controls were taken. our results show significant difference in the of mean TC, TG, HDL, and LDL-C levels in the group receiving phenytoin for more than six months when compared with control group P value (0.00) for all lipid profile. Also significant difference between the mean of TC, TG, HDL-C and LDL-C levels in the group receiving oxcarbazepine for more than six months when compared with control P value (0.00 ) for all lipid profile. From the present study we concluded that CYP enzyme inducer anti-epileptic medicines like phenytoin and oxcarbazepine is strongly associated with increased levels of TC, LDL-C, HDL-C and TG, where asvalproate showed no significant change. Therefore, the serum cholesterol level should be regularly monitored in patients undergoing. Therapy with inducer anti-epileptic medicines.
Phyto-pharmacognostical evaluation and HPTLC finger printing profile of Gulbanafsha (Viola odorata L.) flower
Authors: Manosi Das  , Subhendu Mondal  , Shreya Ghosal  , Avijit Banerji  , Amit Kumar Dixit  , P V V Prasad
Published: February 2021

Viola odorata Linn. (Family Violaceae) is popularly known as Sweet Violet or English Violet and Gulbanafsha in Hindi. V. odorata is used as remedy for coughs, sore throat, hoarseness and tonsillitis. It is valued as an expectorant, antioxidant, diaphoretic, antibacterial, antipyretic and diuretic. Pharmacological studies have revealed the role of V. odorata in Unani drugs for treatment of common cold, asthma and cough associated diseases. The present study focuses on the phyto-pharmacognostical evaluation and HPTLC finger printing profile of Gulbanafsha (Viola odorata L.) flower - white variety. Physicochemical parameters were determined and phytochemical screening done by standard procedures. HPTLC finger-printing profile of the methanolic extracts of dried flowers, were performed on precoated TLC silica gel 60F254 plateswith salicylic acid as marker. Phytochemical screening revealed presence of flavonoids, glycosides, phenolic compounds/tannins.
Patient’s satisfaction at outpatient pharmacy department in Intermediate Hospital Oshakati, Oshana region, Namibia
Authors: Emmanuel Magesa  , Johanna Hanyanya  , Wakjira Erraso
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Patient waiting time Experience of waiting time in general is perceived as complex, subjective and culturally influenced. Complexity of prescription, few human resources and work process are the factors of patient waiting time in outpatient pharmacy departments (OPD). However, the complexity of wait time is poorly understood and has been explored only to a limited extent. Objective of the study: The main objective of this study is to assess patient satisfactions on waiting time at Intermediate Hospital Oshakati (IHO), northern part of Namibia. Method: The study was carried out at IHQuantitative descriptive design was employed and data collected was analyzed using Epi info version 7. Results: The mean waiting time in IHO was 36±20 minutes. More patients (49.2%) were satisfied with OPD pharmacy when the waiting time is between 5-25 minutes. The major factors associated with the satisfaction of services were shorter waiting time (0.01 <p<0.05) and other personal reasons like long distance from the hospital (0.03<p<0.05). Conclusion and recommendation: Many patients are satisfied if waiting time is between 5-25 minutes, therefore there is a need to improve waiting time by decongest patients overload at IHO, this can be achieved by improving coordination and communication between IHO and Primary health care (PHC) facilities.
Pollutants and climatic conditions related to the formation of photochemical oxidants
Authors: Shigeru Suna
Published: February 2021

Solar radiation produces harmful compounds such as atmospheric oxidants and pharmaceutical intermediates through photochemical reactions. To clarify the variables related to the formation of photochemical oxidants, hourly data of air pollutants and climatic conditions in the Tokyo region of Japan from late May to early June 2020 were analyzed. Air pollutants, NO, NO2, CO, SO2, NMHCs and CH4, were significantly lower in 2020 than those in 2019. It seems to indicate that Japan's economic activity was suppressed by the COVID-19 emergency. Photochemical oxidants and NO were significantly higher during the day than at night. It shows the photochemical reaction is progressing during the day. Stepwise linear regression analysis revealed that relative humidity, ambient temperature, NO, CO, wind speed and NMHCs (non-methane hydrocarbons) were significant independent variables for photochemical oxidants formation.
Synchronous gastric tumors: carcinoid tumor and adenocarcinoma
Authors: Dulin P. A. , Makanin M. A. , Krainyukov P. E. , Simonenko A. V. , Korolev A. V.
Published: February 2021

The article describes a clinical case of synchronous gastric tumors (highly differentiated carcinoid and gastric adenocarcinoma) in a 74-year-old patient without carcinoid syndrome. The review of literature data characterizing modern methods of diagnosis and treatment of this pathology is presented.
Pendampingan Pembuatan dan Aplikasi Pelet Pupuk Limbah Biogas untuk Tanaman Perkebunan
Authors: Widyowanti Reni Astuti , Sunardi Sunardi , Setyorini Titin , Renjani Rengga Arnalis
Published: February 2021

Penggunaan pupuk organik perlu ditingkatkan untuk mengurangi konsumsi pupuk anorganik. Salah satu bahan organik yang ketersediaannya melimpah, mudah diperoleh dan terjaga kontinuitasnya adalah kotoran sapi yang dapat diolah menjadi biogas. Salah satu limbah biogas adalah slurry padat yang masih mengandung nutrisi atau zat hara untuk tanaman tetapi pemanfaatannya belum optimal. Melalui pemanfaatan teknologi, limbah biogas dapat dimanfaatkan menjadi produk yang mempunyai nilai tambah, salah satunya menjadi pelet pupuk organik. Tujuan dari program pengabdian adalah: (1) melakukan sosialisasi, memberikan pelatihan dan pendampingan kepada masyarakat khususnya Kelompok Tani Ternak Bulu Andini tentang pembuatan pupuk pelet organik dari limbah biogas. (2) meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan masyarakat khususnya Kelompok Tani Ternak Bulu Andini untuk mengaplikasikan pelet pupuk organik dari limbah biogas dalam pembibitan beberapa tanaman perkebunan, yaitu kopi, kakao, dan pala. Metode kegiatan yang dilakukan antara lain: survey, pelatihan in class, praktik, dan pendampingan. Pengabdian masyarakat ini menghasilkan peningkatan pengetahuan kelompok ternak untuk meningkatkan nilai tambah slurry biogas melalui transfer ilmu pe­ngolahan pelet pupuk yang dapat diaplikasikan pada tanaman per­kebunan. Program pengabdian ini juga mampu memberikan peningkatan kemampuan kepada masyarakat mengenai pemberian pupuk pelet ke tanaman perkebunan dengan teknis aplikasi yang tepat.
Asymmetry And Tension: A Brief History of Medical Student Involvement In the U.S. Licensure Process
Authors: Gregory S. Ryan
Published: February 2021

A little more than two years ago, the first nationally standardized clinical skills exam was added to the United States Medical Licensure Examination (USMLE) series. The implementation of this exam was troubled by vigorous resistance from medical students whose objections were supported by several prominent and powerful medical organizations. This article suggests that beyond obvious sources of tension inherent in the exam (chiefly, expense and inconvenience) a real and overlooked source of antagonism is the lack of direct involvement by examinees (students and residents) in the licensure process. Students and residents were able to promote a much larger (and acrimonious) debate than anticipated largely because of their recent ascendancy to positions of influence in medical schools and organizations. This article traces the evolution of student and resident involvement in medical schools and organizations and further suggests that the lack of parallel involvement by students and residents in the licensure process creates asymmetry in an otherwise balanced system of professional autonomy. Such asymmetry in a system balanced between medical schools, organizations and licensing authorities has led and can again lead to unproductive tension and undermine efforts on all parts to advance the practice of medicine and assure the best care possible to the American public. The author closes with a call to forum to discuss openly the possibility of increased student and resident participation in the licensure process; details of how, when and where this participation could occur should be the first items of discussion in such a forum.
Globale Wertschöpfungsketten in Zeiten von Covid-19
Authors:   FH Münster, Rupprecht Manuel
Published: February 2021

Das SARS-CoV-2-Virus stellt die Weltwirtschaft vor ungeahnte Herausforderungen. Nie zuvor geriet das Wirtschaftsgeschehen so schnell, so stark und von so vielen Seiten gleichzeitig unter Druck. Die Nachfrage nach Gütern brach ein, weil sich Konsumenten – teils gezwungenermaßen – zurückhielten, und das Angebot ging zurück, weil den Unternehmen plötzlich Mitarbeiter oder Vorprodukte fehlten. Infolgedessen drehten sämtliche Konjunkturindikatoren abrupt ins Negative. Die Unsicherheit über die weitere Entwicklung erreichte dagegen Rekordhöhen. Inzwischen scheint die wirtschaftliche Talsohle zwar durchschritten, doch die Unsicherheit bleibt hoch. Dies hängt nicht zuletzt mit der Bedeutung globaler Wertschöpfungsketten zusammen. Deren Störung trug maßgeblich zu den genannten Verwerfungen auf der Angebotsseite bei; für die lokale Produktion sind sie jedoch bis heute zentral. Der Beitrag diskutiert die skizzierten Entwicklungen und zeigt Möglichkeiten für eine Reduktion der Anfälligkeit von Wertschöpfungsketten und einen damit verbundenen Abbau der Unsicherheit auf.
Das Change Management weiterentwickeln
Authors:   Technische Universität Hamburg, Dörries Florian , Wichering Marco , Kersten Wolfgang
Published: February 2021

Unternehmen stehen vor dem Hintergrund der digitalen Transformation vor einschneidenden Veränderungen, die den Unternehmenserfolg beeinflussen können. Change Management kann die Unternehmen unterstützen, diese Transformation erfolgreich umzusetzen und somit der Gefahr zu entgehen, bspw. Marktanteile an innovationskräftigere Unternehmen zu verlieren. Die damit einhergehende Fragestellung ist allerdings, inwiefern die tradierten Modelle des Change Managements passend für den anstehenden Wandel sind und ob diese weiterentwickelt werden müssen. In diesem Beitrag werden mithilfe einer Literaturanalyse sowie einer Befragung aktuelle Herausforderungen und Erfolgsfaktoren des Change Managements identifiziert, wodurch im Anschluss ein angepasstes Modell für erfolgreiche Change- Projekte abgeleitet werden kann.
PEMANFAATAN SAMPAH ANORGANIK UNTUK MENUNJANG MEBEL ANTI RAYAP, JAMUR, DAN BAKTERI DI DESA BLADO KULON KECAMATAN TEGAL SIWALAN KABUPATEN PROBOLINGGO
Authors: Marzuki Imam , M Misdiyanto , H Hermanto
Published: February 2021

Banyaknya sampah yang berserakan telah menjadi ide dasar dalam pengabdian ini. Secara terminologi sampah tersebut dibagi menjadi sampah organik maupun sampah anorganik. Sampah dapat menyebabkan berbagai macam masalah, diantaranya menyebabkan lingkungan menjadi kotor, menyebabkan bencana banjir apabila menyumbat aliran sungai, bahkan bisa mencemari lingkungan dengan bau yang ditimbulkan. Oleh karena itu, muncullah gagasan untuk mengorganisir sampah hasil pembuangan rumah tangga, toko, maupun industri. Mengorganisir sampah organik amatlah mudah karena sifatnya yang mudah terurai. Namun, hal tersebut tidak berlaku dengan sampah anorganik. Sampah anorganik tidak bisa diuraikan, oleh karena itu diperlukan teknik khusus untuk menanganinya.

Tempat tinggal mitra dalam pengabdian ini adalah di desa Blado Kulon kecamatan Tegal Siwalan kabupaten Probolinggo. Mitra sehari-hari membuka usaha mebel yang bahan dasarnya dari kayu. Namun pengusaha merasa kesulitan menemukan ciri khas dari mebel buatannya yang membedakan dari mebel-mebel lainnya. Disisi lain pengusaha juga tidak mampu memasarkan produknya secara optimal. Hal ini dikarenakan selain tidak memiliki ciri khas, koneksi dengan orang banyak juga tidak dimiliki pengusaha dalam memasarkan produknya.

Berkaca terhadap permasalahan yang dihadapi mitra dan demi menjaga lingkungan tetap bersih dari sampah khususnya sampah anorganik, maka pengabdian ini di fokuskan pada pemanfaatan sampah anorganik untuk menunjang usaha mebel anti rayap, bakteri dan jamur. Teknik yang dilakukan adalah mengumpulkan sampah anorganik, mengeringkannya dan kemudian membakarnya di tungku pembakaran yang telah disiapkan. Selanjutnya asap hasil pembakaran disimpan dengan alat penyimpan asap untuk kemudian asap di berikan kepada kayu bahan pembuat mebel. Teknik ini menurut beberapa penelitian dapat membuat mebel tahan rayap, bakteri, dan jamur. Setelah produk dihasilkan maka pengusaha dibantu dengan teknik pemasaran online (e-commerce). Hal ini bertujuan agar mempermudah pengusaha memasarkan produknya dalam jangkauan yang luas.
PENGERINGAN CABAI DENGAN SISTEM KONTROL FUZZY-EXPERT PADA ALAT BERTENAGA HIBRIDA SURYA DAN GAS MENGGUNAKAN SISTEM KONTROL FUZZY EXPERT
Authors: Azis Rosdiani , Sinadia Bayu S.
Published: February 2021

Cabai merah secara fisologis setelah dipanen masih mengalami proses metabolisme dikarenakan adanya kandungan air yang tinggi sehingga hal ini yang memicu komoditi ini  mudah mengalami kerusakan, Salah satu proses pengawetan yang sering dilakukan pada cabe adalah dengan pengeringan. Proses pengeringan adalah merupakan perlakuan untuk menghilangkan kadar air pada produk pangan, kondisi ini dapat menggunakan alat pengering ataupun dapat menggunakan pengering alami berupa sinar matahari. Hibrid energi yaitu menggunakan dua atau lebih sumber energi untuk menggerakkan sebuah mesin.  Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membandingkan adapun hasil pengeringan cabe adalah terjadi penurunan kadar air  dan karakteristik fisik pada cabai dengan menggunkan alata pengering Pada pengujian ini, pengamatan diutamakan pada penurunan kadar air yang dicapai dan penggunaan energi selama pengeringan dan penurunan kadar air dinyatakan dalam kadar air basis kering (%), penggunaan energi merupakan banyaknya gas yang terpakai selama proses pengeringan hingga bahan mencapai kadar air yang konstan dan karakteristik fisik pada cabai yang telah dikeringkan  Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membandingkan adapun hasil pengeringan cabe adalah terjadi penurunan kadar air  dan karakteristik fisik pada cabai dengan menggunkan alata pengering. Hasil Terjadi penurunan Kadar air awal 79% turun menjadi 10, Selama proses pengeringan penggunaan LPG saat mesin beroperasi tanpa hibrid yaitu 2,14 kg dan 1,26 kg pada kondisi hibrid. Oleh karena itu penerapan sistem kontrol fuzzy expert dengan sistem hibrid terbukti mampu menghemat penggunaan LPG selama proses pengeringan. Dan Warna  cabai menjadi lebih pucat dan berat cabai mengalami penurunan
Sistem Informasi Kepegawaian Berbasis Website pada Dinas Pariwisata Dan Kebudayaan
Authors: Musa Olha
Published: February 2021

Sistem Informasi Kepegawaian adalah sistem informasi yang dirancang untuk mempermudah dalam pengelolaan dan penyimpanan data pegawai. Berdasarkan penelitian pada Dinas Pariwisata dan Kebudayaan Kabupaten Tojo Una-una Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah ditemukan permasalahan data pegawai yang dihasilkan dari sistem yang sudah ada belum memenuhi kebutuhan sehingga peneliti ingin merancang Sistem Informasi Kepegawaian untuk memecahkan permasalahan yang ada di tempat penelitian tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan pengujian whitebox dan blackbox. Pengujian whitebox adalah pengujian dengan teknik uji coba pada alur program, struktur logika dan prosedur program dengan cara pemetaan flowchart, kemudian menghitung besarnya jumlah edge dan node. Metode pengujian blackbox memfokuskan pada kepentingan fungsional dari software. Oleh karena itu uji coba blackbox memungkinkan pengembang software untuk membuat himpunan kondisi input yang akan melatih seluruh syarat-syarat fungsional suatu program apakah berjalan sesuai yang diharapkan atau sebaliknya. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian whitebox pada salah satu proses dalam sistem ini yaitu pada modul usulan kenaikan pangkat dengan perolehan hasil yang seimbang yaitu  Cyclomatic Complexity (CC) =  4, maka sistem ini dinyatakan dapat berjalan dengan baik. Sedangkan hasil pengujian blackbox sistem dapat berjalan sesuai dengan yang diharapkan dan efisien.
The Impact of the Industrialization and Urbanization on the Quantity and Diversity of Amphorae in the Museums: The Case of İzmit Gulf
Authors: Çibuk Kemal , Gölcük Rıdvan
Published: February 2021

This article examines assemblage of amphorae kept at the Kocaeli Archaeology Museum, in the light of their findspots in order the establish the external relations of the Gulf of Izmit.
The statistical analysis of amphorae from the Kocaeli Museum shows that 17% of the amphorae were found in Izmit, % 29 from South of the Gulf of Izmıt and the shores of Helenopolis, 54 % from the western Black Sea Sections (Kefken- Kerpe). No amphorae were retrieved from the shoves in this area fort he construction of D100 higway. This means that harbors of the city Nicomedia were also lost during this filling activities. Old photographs related to Pertev Paşa Mosque confirms this. This may explain the lack of shipwrecks and amphorae on the shores of Nicomedia. Rich assemblage of amphorae retriewed from the shoresof Helenopolis clearly shows that such may have also been the casefor NicomediaThe high ratio of amphorae at Kocaeli Archaeology Museum originating at Black Sea region resulted from modern fishing. In this context, this prensentatıon evaluates the impact of pollution and urbannization on the number and diversity of amphorae found at the museums, such asthe Kocaeli Archaeology Museum.
Long-term preservation of modern Russian potato cultivars in the VIR cryobank
Authors: Efremova O.  S. , Volkova N.  N. , Gavrilenko T.  A.
Published: February 2021

Cryopreservation of shoot-tips (apexes) excised from in vitro plants is used for long-term preservation of potato cultivars. The most widely used method for creating potato cryo-collections is droplet-vitrification of shoot-tips which, together with its numerous modifications, is widely used in genebanks. A modified protocol of droplet vitrification method is used at VIR for cryopreservation of shoot tips from in vitro potato plants. This paper presents the results of cryopreservation of modern cultivars which were released by seven Russian breeding centers. In vitro clones used in the cryopreservation experiments were genetically identical to the cultivars’ nomenclatural standards and herbarium vouchers.The frequency of post-thaw regeneration in control experiments after short-term cryopreservation varied from 23.3 to 53.3%, depending on the genotype. Five out of 16 accessions (‘Varâg’, ‘Gusar’, ‘Evpatij’, ‘Solnečnyj’, ‘Tango’)* had low post-cryogenic regenerative capacity from 20 to 30%; the regeneration rate exceeded 30% in 11 accessions, and 8 cultivars (‘Grand’, ‘Zlatka’, ‘Lina’, ‘Safo’, ‘Siverskij’, ‘Signal’, ‘Utro’, ‘Ûna’) and ‘Аlyj Parus’ breeding clone had regeneration rate above 40%. The regeneration rate in the studied subset was genotype independent according to the ANOVA results (p=0.711). Viability and regeneration rate were significantly correlated (r=0.86). As a result of the experiments, explants of 14 modern cultivars and two breeding clones with the known post-thaw regeneration rate were successfully cryopreserved in the VIR cryobank. Four cultivars (‘Grand’, ‘Gusar’, ‘Signal’, ‘Utro’) were monitored for their regeneration capacity after the long-term (seven months) preservation in the VIR cryobank. On an average, these four cultivars demonstrated a post-thaw regeneration capacity of 41.8%. It can be concluded that the use of the modified method of droplet vitrification is relevant for increasing the VIR potato cryo-collection.
Roughness Effect on Thermo-Elasto-Hydrodynamic Performance of a 170ᵒ -Arc Partial Journal Bearing
Authors: Shamal Souad Jabbar , Al-Ansari Luay Sadiq , Alhusseny Ahmed Niameh Mehdy , Nasser Adel Gharib
Published: February 2021

In the current analysis, the effects of circumferential scratches along the inner surface of a 170ᵒ -arc partial journal bearing has been numerically investigated. Their impact on the thermo-elasto-hydrodynamic performance characteristics, including maximum pressure, temperature, deformation, and stress, has been examined thoroughly. The ANSYS Fluent CFD commercial code was employed to tackle the iterative solution of flow and heat transfer patterns in the fluid film domain. They are then applied to the ANSYS Static Structure solver to compute the deformation and stress resulted in the solid bearing zone. A wide range of operating conditions has been considered, including the eccentricity ratio ( ) and scratch depth ( ). In contrast, the bearing length-diameter ratio (L/D) and the rotation speed (N) have been fixed at 0.77 and 1500 rpm, respectively. The thermo-hydrodynamic pressure, temperature, stress, and deformation have all been computed. It was found that the scratch depth has a direct effect on the thermo-hydrodynamic performance of the partial bearings. Meanwhile, the deep central scratches are important, especially at scratch depth equal to 0.224 mm.
Flow Measurements in Open Channels Using Integrating-Floats
Authors: Abed Basim Shabaa
Published: February 2021

The flow measurements have increased importance in the last decades due to the shortage of water resources resulting from climate changes that request high control of the available water needed for different uses. The classical technique of open channel flow measurement by the integrating-float method was needed for measuring flow in different locations when there were no available modern devices for different reasons, such as the cost of devices. So, the use of classical techniques was taken place to solve the problem. The present study examines the integrating float method and defines the parameters affecting the acceleration of floating spheres in flowing water that was analyzed using experimental measurements. The method was investigated theoretically, as well as many experimental tests in a fixed floor laboratory flume were conducted. Different sizes of solid plastic spheres with different weights were used as floats to measure velocities and then discharge computation. The results indicate that the integrating-float technique is feasible and accurate for measuring low flow velocity in open channels. It was desirable to use small floats with specific gravity closer to unity to get more accurate results. The measured velocities and the estimated discharges were compared with discharges obtained using some other common laboratory measuring techniques. Good agreement was obtained between the integrating-float method results with the results of velocities obtained using other measurement techniques, with an error of less than 2.5%.
The impact of surgical menopause on metabolic syndrome, bone mineral density, and vasomotor symptoms
Authors: Tuysuzoglu F. N. , Ilhan G. A. , Yildizhan B.
Published: February 2021

Purpose: The aim of this study is to compare the effects of surgical and natural menopause on vasomotor symptoms, osteoporosis, and metabolic syndrome. Materials and Methods: Seventy menopausal women fulfilling the inclusion criteria were divided into two groups according to surgical and natural menopause. Metabolic syndrome (MS) was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation. Vasomotor symptoms were scored according to the presence of hot flashes and night sweats. The participants had a bone mineral density (BMD) evaluation of the total lumbar spine and total hip bone. Results: The rates of vasomotor symptoms were similar among groups (p > 0.05). MS was significantly higher in surgical menopause group than in natural menopause group (p < 0.05). Women with surgical menopause were found to be more osteopenic at level L1-L4 (p < 0.05). Furthermore there were no differences between the femoral neck, femora total T scores, and BMDs of two groups. Conclusion: Compared with natural menopause, surgical menopause was found to be associated with higher rates of MS and osteoporosis but not with vasomotor symptoms.
Pregnancy outcomes and risk factors in pregnant women with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Zhang Li Li , Shu Hua , Zhang Shuai , Wang Tian Tian , Zhang Lan Lan
Published: February 2021

Objective: To analyze the pregnancy outcomes and risk factors in pregnant women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), for providing a reference for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of the SLE. Materials and Methods: Seventy-eight SLE patients with 82 pregnancies were enrolled in this study. The general information of patients, maternal history data, clinical symptoms, and laboratory examination data one to three months before pregnancy, during pregnancy, at delivery and after childbirth, drug treatment, and pregnancy outcomes were collected. The single factor and logistic regression analyses of the risk factors related to SLE with deterioration and fetal loss were performed. Results: The single-factor analysis showed that there was significant difference in complement 3, 24-hour urinary protein, anti-dsDNA antibody, anti-CL antibody, pre-pregnancy prednisone dose, and SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI) between SLE with deterioration group and SLE without deterioration group, respectively (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01), with significant difference in complement 3, combined antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), SLEDAI, and SLE deterioration during pregnancy between fetal loss group and live birth group, respectively (p < 0.01). The multi-factor regression analysis showed that, the complement 3 and SLEDAI were the main risk factors of SLE with deterioration during pregnancy, and the combined APS and SLEDAI were the main risk factors of fetal loss. Conclusion: The pregnancy has a high risk in women with SLE. The complement 3 and SLEDAI are the main risk factors of SLE with deterioration during pregnancy, and the combined APS and SLEDAI are the main risk factors of fetal loss. The reasonable and effective strategies should be formulated based on these factors, in order to reduce the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.
The impact of Double J stent on the quality of sexual life and job performance
Authors: Camtosun A. , Bicer S.
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Double-J ureteral stents (DJ) are commonly used in urological surgeries. This material averagely remains in the body for four to ten weeks. Objective: In this prospective study, the effect of these catheters on the sexual life, the quality of life (QoL), business performance, pain, and urinary symptoms were investigated. Material and Methods: The data of the patients operated between September 2012 and September 2014 were evaluated. The Ureteric Stent Symptom Questionnaire (USSQ), the questionnaires of the QoL, job performance, pain, urinary symptoms, and the sexual quality of life were separately obtained two weeks after implantation and two weeks after removal of DJ. Results: The median age of 90 patients (38 females, 52 males) was 40 (range 23-60) years of age. There was a significant difference between the results obtained with and without DJ stent for all the assessed parameters (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Double-J ureteral catheter adversely affects the life of the patients. Different treatment modalities are required to reduce the adverse effects of this procedure.
Tissue adhesive to repair first-degree perineal tear: a pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Trevisan Teixeira T. , Caroci A. de S. , Sousa Brunelli W. , Riesco M. L.
Published: February 2021

Purpose of Investigation: This pilot study proposes to verify the feasibility of conducting a randomized controlled trial (RCT) on the use of Epiglu tissue adhesive to repair first-degree tear. Materials and Methods: A pilot RCT was conducted in a birth center in São Paulo, Brazil. The sample consisted of 20 women with first-degree tear. These women were randomly assigned to the experimental group (EG=10) - perineal tear repair with Epiglu or the control group (CG=10) - perineal tear repair with absorbable synthetic thread. The measured outcomes were perineal pain, perineal healing, women’s satisfaction, and professional’s time spent repairing the perineum. Results: The intensity of perineal pain was significantly lower among women in the EG than that in the CG in all stages of the study (EG range: 2.0-0.2; CG range: 2.5-0.6). Additionally, perineal healing showed significantly better REEDA scores among women in the EG than those in the CG in all stages (EG range: 0.6-0.0; CG range: 1.8-0.7). Women’s satisfaction was significantly higher in the EG (100% were satisfied or very satisfied) than that in the CG (10% to 20% of them were dissatisfied or very dissatisfied). The mean time spent to repair the perineum was five minutes in the EG and 21 minutes in the CG (p < 0.001). Conclusion: This study shows that it is feasible to undertake an RCT on the use of the tissue adhesive Epiglu for first-degree perineal tear repair during normal birth.
Management of the postpartum ovarian and partial cava inferior vein thrombosis
Authors: Dikić S. , Dragojević S. , Nejković L. , Štulić J. , Juri šić A. , Radojičić D. , Diki ć A. , Radak Dj
Published: February 2021

Objective: Postpartum ovarian vein thrombosis (POVT) is a rare but very dangerous complication with possible lethal outcome. Here the authors present a case of POVT with propagation in cava inferior vein, which was diagnosed fourth day after delivery by cesarean section. Case Report: A 27-year-old female with fever complained of pain in the area of the right side of the abdomen, in the ileocecal region three days after premature delivery by caesarean section. Right ovarian venous thrombosis and partial cava inferior vein thrombosis was demonstrated on sonography and confirmed with computed tomography. She was treated with antibiotics and anticoagulation therapy with good response. Conclusion: If women after delivery have an elevated temperature with abdominal pain and leukocytosis in laboratory analyzes, it is always necessary to think of the POVT. Early recognition and therapy are crucial.
Amniotic fluid embolism: the pathophysiology, diagnostic clue, and blood biomarkers indicator for disease prediction
Authors: Suvannasarn R. , Tongsong T. , Jatavan P.
Published: February 2021

Objective: This article aims to review and provide more understanding of current knowledge of amniotic fluid embolism regarding pathophysiology, diagnostic criteria, risk factors, indicating biomarkers, treatment strategies and outcomes of some case reports. Study design: A systematic literature review was performed using the PubMed database, restricted to articles published in English from 1992 to 2018. Original research, case reports, guideline recommendations, and review articles were reviewed in this study. Summary: Amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) is a rare catastrophic obstetric condition defined by clinical manifestations of pregnancy with sudden onset of cardiopulmonary arrest, consumptive coagulopathy or neurological deficits without other explainable illnesses. The incidence varies from 1.7-14.8 cases per 100,000 worldwide. The current understanding of AFE pathophysiology includes fetal components obstructing maternal microvessels with subsequent anaphylactoid reaction. Maternal pulmonary vasospasm and hematologic activation occur later, followed by heart failure and sudden cardiovascular collapse. Some of the possible risk factors for AFE include; 1) Maternal risk: age over 35 years, hypertensive disorder and diabetes mellitus; 2) Fetal risk: polyhydramnios, multiparity, non-vertex at delivery, fetal distress and fetal macrosomia; 3) Obstetric risks: amniocentesis, artificial amniotic fluid injection, oxytocin infusion, and placental abruption. Some of the useful biomarkers have been proposed including zinc coproporphyrin-1, squamous cell carcinoma antigen, carcinoembryonic antigen, cancer antigen 125, Siatyl Tn, monoclonal antibody TKH-2, C3, C4, tryptase, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1, C1 esterase inhibitor. Management of AFE requires immediate basic life support and advanced cardiac life support. Adequate oxygenation, ventilation, coagulopathy correction, and appropriate vasopressors are recommended. However, the outcome prediction of AFE remains challenging.
A patient with non-mosaic 47, XXY karyotype fathering a normal healthy infant using intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) - a case report
Authors: Ye H. , Xue1 S. , Kuang Y. , Sun L.
Published: February 2021

Background: Klinefelter’s Syndrome (KS) is rarely reported in China, which is associated with insufficient sperm production and infertility in male patients. Despite the fact that infertility treatments, such as intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), have been widely used in KS population, almost all these patients have to use donor semen in China to establish successful pregnancies nowadays. Case Report: The authors report a case of KS in a patient with unremarkable characteristics except for oligospermia. The patient presented to this center with infertility and the chromosome analysis demonstrated a non-mosaic 47, XXY karyotype. Further testing showed no deletions in the SRY, AZF-a, AZF-b, and AZF-c genes. Finally, the patient successfully impregnated the partner, and then the partner delivered a healthy male neonate. The patient became fertile through ICSI, together with cryopreservation of a small number of spermatozoa after the first blastocyst transfer. Conclusion: This report further confirms that KS men can father their own healthy children. While adequate sperm cryopreservation and blastocyst transfers are strongly recommended. Nevertheless, it is necessary for such couples to be offered extensive genetic counseling before pregnancy and prenatally.
Prediction of severity of preeclampsia in Egyptian patients: role of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, platelet/lymphocyte ratio and C-reactive protein
Authors: Kholeif A. E. , Khamis M. Y. , Eltabakh S. , Swilam R. S. , Elhabashy A. , EISherif R.
Published: February 2021

Objective: In this study, the authors aimed to compare and correlate neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in Egyptian patients with different degrees of preeclampsia (PE). Materials and Methods: The authors recruited 105 Egyptian pregnant women with gestational age ≥ 34 weeks. They were divided into 35 normotensive pregnant and 70 PE women, further subdivided into 35 mild and 35 severe PE cases according to ACOG criteria. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between patients with PE and healthy pregnant women as regards to NLR. PLR showed statistically significant difference between the control and severe PE cases and between mild and severe PE cases. CRP levels showed a statistically significant difference between the control and mild PE cases and between the control and severe PE cases. Conclusion: CRP was more sensitive and specific than PLR to predict PE in pregnant females, hence it can be used in prediction of PE. PLR was more sensitive but less specific than CRP to predict severity of PE in pregnant females, therefore PLR can be used for early prediction of severity. NLR cannot be used as a marker for prediction of PE or its severity.
The effect of correction of serum level of vitamin D on hyperandrogenism in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and hypovitaminosis D
Authors: Maysara A. M. , Nassar A. T. , Jubran H. K.
Published: February 2021

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common condition among female of reproductive age. Vitamin D may involve in the pathogenesis of PCOS. Vitamin D deficiency may exacerbate the symptom of PCOS through precipitating insulin resistance, menstrual irregularities, subfertility, hyperandrogenism, and cardiovascular dysfunction. Aim: The aim of the study is to determine whether normalization of vitamin D level in women with PCOS and hyperandrogenism (clinical and/or biochemical) would result in improvement in the parameters of hyperandrogenism. Materials and Methods: One hundred one women with PCOS and vitamin D deficiency were involved in the study, BMI, and Gallwey-Ferriman score were estimated, 25 (OH) vitamin D, total testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), follicular stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) were measured and pelvic ultrasound was performed. Forty-nine of these women received weight reduction and lifestyle modification advice and metformin only, while the remaining 52 women received vitamin D in addition, after six months all parameters were re-examined. Results: Adding vitamin D did not result in significant reduction in the Ferriman-Gallwey score or in total testosterone level, also normalization of vitamin D had insignificant effect on the level of sex hormone binding globulin and ovarian polycystic morphology, however it was associated with significant reduction in LH level. Conclusion: Despite the fact that correction of vitamin D deficiency is important for general health, however it is of limited beneficial effect on the biochemical and clinical parameters of hyperandrogenism in women with PCOS.
Penerapan Strategi Everyone Is A Teacher Here dalam Meningkatkan Minat Belajar IPA Pada Siswa Kelas V SD Inpres Borong Jambu II Kota Makassar
Authors: Rahayu A. Sri
Published: February 2021

Minat belajar siswa berpengaruh pada hasil belajar siswa yang rendah khususnya mata pelajaran IPA yang merupakan hasil kondisi pembelajaran masih memberikan dominasi guru dan tidak memberikan akses bagi siswa untuk berkembang secara mandiri melalui penemuan dan proses berpikirnya, sehingga kelas cenderung berpusat pada guru (teacher centered). Salah satu usaha yang dapat dilakukan oleh guru untuk mengatasi hal tersebut dalam upaya meningkatkan minat belajar siswa adalah dengan merubah atau memperbaiki proses belajar mengajar. Cara yang dipilih dapat melibatkan siswa secara aktif dan mendapatkan partisipasi seluruh kelas.