bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research Progress on Antioxidant Peptides from Fish By-Products: Purification, Identification, and Structure–Activity Relationship
Authors: Liu Xinru , Hu Qiuyue , Shen Yafang , Wu Yuxin , Gao Lu , Xu Xuechao , Hao Guijie
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) can lead to oxidative stress, which has become an urgent problem requiring effective solutions. Due to the drawbacks of chemically synthesized antioxidants, there is a growing interest in natural antioxidants, particularly antioxidant peptides. Methods: By reviewing recent literature on antioxidant peptides, particularly those extracted from various parts of fish, summarize which fish by-products are more conducive to the extraction of antioxidant peptides and elaborate on their characteristics. Results: This article summarizes recent advancements in extracting antioxidant peptides from fish processing by-products, Briefly introduced the purification and identification process of antioxidant peptides, specifically focusing on the extraction of antioxidant peptides from various fish by-products. Additionally, this article comprehensively reviews the relationship between amino acid residues that compose antioxidant peptides and their potential mechanisms of action. It explores the impact of amino acid types, molecular weight, and structure–activity relationships on antioxidant efficacy. Conclusions: Different amino acid residues can contribute to the antioxidant activity of peptides by scavenging free radicals, chelating metal ions, and modulating enzyme activities. The smaller the molecular weight of the antioxidant peptide, the stronger its antioxidant activity. Additionally, the antioxidant activity of peptides is influenced by specific amino acids located at the C-terminus and N-terminus positions. Simultaneously, this review provides a more systematic analysis and a broader perspective based on existing research, concluded that fish viscera are more favorable for the extraction of antioxidant peptides, providing new insights for the practical application of fish by-products. This could increase the utilization of fish viscera and reduce the environmental pollution caused by their waste, offering valuable references for the study and application of antioxidant peptides from fish by-products.
Detailed Profiling of 17-Hydroxygeranyllinalool Diterpene Glycosides from Nicotiana Species Reveals Complex Reaction Networks of Conjugation Isomers
Authors: Ebert Alina , Alseekh Saleh , D’Andrea Lucio , Roessner Ute , Bock Ralph , Kopka Joachim
Published: October 2024

Background: Specialised anti-herbivory metabolites are abundant in the solanaceous genus Nicotiana. These metabolites include the large family of 17-hydroxygeranyllinalool diterpene glycosides (HGL-DTGs). Many HGL-DTGs occur exclusively within the Nicotiana genus, but information from the molecular model species N. tabacum, N. benthamiana, and the tree tobacco N. glauca is limited. Objectives: We studied HGL-DTG occurrence and complexity in these species with the aim of providing in-depth reference annotations and comprehensive HGL-DTG inventories. Methods: We analysed polar metabolite extracts in comparison to the previously investigated wild reference species N. attenuata using positive ESI(+) and negative ESI(-) mode electrospray ionisation LC-MS and MS/MS. Results: We provide annotations of 66 HGL-DTGs with in-source and MS/MS fragmentation spectra for selected HGL-DTGs with exemplary fragment interpretations of ESI(+) as well as less studied ESI(-) spectra. We assemble a potential biosynthesis pathway comparing the presence of HGL-DTGs in N. tabacum, N. glauca, and N. benthamiana to N. attenuata. Approximately one-third of HGL-DTGs are chromatographically resolved isomers of hexose, deoxyhexose, or malonate conjugates. The number of isomers is especially high for conjugates with low numbers of deoxyhexose moieties. Conclusions: We extend the number of known HGL-DTGs with a focus on Nicotiana model species and demonstrate that the HGL-DTG family of N. tabacum plants can be surprisingly complex. Our study provides an improved basis with detailed references to previous studies of wild Nicotiana species and enables inference of HGL-DTG pathways with required enzymes for the biosynthesis of this important family of specialised defence metabolites.
Comparative Evaluation of the Chemical Components and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Yellow- and Blue-Flowered Meconopsis Species: M. integrifolia and M. betonicifolia
Authors: Cheng Peizhao , Gan Ruixi , Wang Cong , Xu Qian , Norbu Kelsang , Zhou Feng , Kong Sixin , Jia Zhuoma , Jiabu Dawa , Feng Xin , Wang Junsong
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Meconopsis has long been used in traditional Tibetan medicine to treat various inflammatory and pain-related conditions. However, blue-flowered Meconopsis (M. betonicifolia) is becoming increasingly scarce due to overharvesting. As a potential alternative, yellow-flowered Meconopsis (M. integrifolia) shows promise but requires comprehensive characterization. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the anti-inflammatory potential of yellow- and blue-flowered Meconopsis species. Methods: Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) techniques were used to analyze the chemical profiles of yellow- and blue-flowered Meconopsis. Putative targets of shared constituents were subjected to GO and disease enrichment analysis. The LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophage model was employed to assess anti-inflammatory effects. Metabolomics was applied to gain mechanistic insights. Results: LC-MS revealed over 70% chemical similarity between species. Enrichment analysis associated targets with inflammation-related pathways. In macrophage assays, both species demonstrated dose-dependent antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities, with yellow Meconopsis exhibiting superior efficacy. Metabolomics showed modulation of key inflammatory metabolic pathways. Conclusions: This integrative study validated yellow-flowered Meconopsis as a credible alternative to its blue-flowered counterpart for anti-inflammatory applications. Metabolic profiling provided initial clues regarding their multi-targeted modes of action, highlighting their potential for sustainable utilization and biodiversity conservation.
Editorial for the Special Issue on Nanomaterials Photonics
Authors: Rangel-Rojo Raul , Kassab Luciana R. P. , Cesca Tiziana
Published: October 2024

Back in 1959, Richard Feynman, in his famous lecture, stated that “There is plenty of room at the bottom”, which made us aware of the possibilities of nanotechnology, i [...]
Transport in a Two-Channel Nanotransistor Device with Lateral Resonant Tunneling
Authors: Wulf Ulrich , Preda Amanda Teodora , Nemnes George Alexandru
Published: October 2024

We study field effect nanotransistor devices in the Si/SiO2 material system which are based on lateral resonant tunneling between two parallel conduction channels. After introducing a simple piecewise linear potential model, we calculate the quantum transport properties in the R-matrix approach. In the transfer characteristics, we find a narrow resonant tunneling peak around zero control voltage. Such a narrow resonant tunneling peak allows one to switch the drain current with small control voltages, thus opening the way to low-energy applications. In contrast to similar double electron layer tunneling transistors that have been studied previously in III-V material systems with much larger channel lengths, the resonant tunneling peak in the drain current is found to persist at room temperature. We employ the R-matrix method in an effective approximation for planar systems and compare the analytical results with full numerical calculations. This provides a basic understanding of the inner processes pertaining to lateral tunneling transport.
Optimal Control of FSBB Converter with Aquila Optimizer-Based PID Controller
Authors: Ren Luoyao , Wang Dazhi , Zhang Yupeng
Published: October 2024

This paper presents a new methodology for determining the optimal coefficients of a PID controller for a four-switch buck–boost (FSBB) converter. The main objective of this research is to improve the performance of FSBB converters by fine-tuning the parameters of the PID controller using the newly developed Aquila Optimizer (AO). PID controllers are widely recognized for their simple yet effective control in FSBB converters. However, to further improve the efficiency and reliability of the control system, the PID control parameters must be optimized. In this context, the application of the AO algorithm proves to be a significant advance. By optimizing the PID coefficients, the dynamic responsiveness of the system can be improved, thus reducing the response time. In addition, the robustness of the control system is enhanced, which is essential to ensure stable and reliable operation under varying conditions. The use of AOs plays a key role in maintaining system stability and ensuring the proper operation of the control system even under challenging conditions. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness and potential of the proposed method, the performance of the AO-optimized PID controller was compared with that of PID controllers tuned by other optimization algorithms in the same test environment. The results show that the AO outperforms the other optimization algorithms in terms of dynamic response and robustness, thus validating the efficiency and correctness of the proposed method. This work highlights the advantages of using the Aquila Optimizer in the PID tuning of FSBB converters, providing a promising solution for improving system performance.
Decontamination of Fused-Silica Surfaces by UVC Irradiation as Potential Application on Touchscreens
Authors: Sicks Ben , Gurow Oksana , Sommerfeld Florian , Hessling Martin
Published: October 2024

The contamination of surfaces by antibiotic-resistant pathogens presents an escalating challenge, especially on touchscreens in public settings such as hospitals, airports, and means of transport. Traditional chemical cleaning agents are often ineffective and leave behind harmful residues. Thus, the application of optical radiation is gaining relevance as a rapid, effective, and environmentally friendly disinfection method. This study examines the contamination of publicly accessible touchscreens and the efficacy of an irradiation approach for the radiation disinfection of microorganisms on quartz surfaces with UVC LEDs. In this setup, the LED radiation is laterally coupled into a quartz plate that serves as cover glass of a simplified touchscreen model. The process allows for the irradiation of microorganisms on the surface, without the user being exposed to hazardous radiation. To assess the efficacy of the disinfection process, a range of bacteria, mostly ESKAPE surrogates, such as Staphylococcus carnosus, Acinetobacter kookii, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus mundtii, and additionally Micrococcus luteus, were spread over a quartz plate with a homebuilt nebulization system. After operating the side-mounted LEDs for 30 s, a reduction in all bacteria except M. luteus by more than three orders of magnitude was observed. In the case of M. luteus, a significant reduction was achieved after 60 s (p < 0.05). This result demonstrates the potential of side-mounted UVC LEDs for rapid disinfection of touchscreens between two users and thus for reducing the spread of pathogens without irradiating humans.
Potentially Pathogenic Vibrio spp. in Algal Wrack Accumulations on Baltic Sea Sandy Beaches
Authors: Kataržytė Marija , Gyraitė Greta , Kalvaitienė Greta , Vaičiūtė Diana , Budrytė Otilija , Bučas Martynas
Published: October 2024

The Vibrio bacteria known to cause infections to humans and wildlife have been largely overlooked in coastal environments affected by beach wrack accumulations from seaweed or seagrasses. This study presents findings on the presence and distribution of potentially pathogenic Vibrio species on coastal beaches that are used for recreation and are affected by red-algae-dominated wrack. Using species-specific primers and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, we identified V. vulnificus, V. cholerae (non-toxigenic), and V. alginolyticus, along with 14 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) belonging to the Vibrio genus in such an environment. V. vulnificus and V. cholerae were most frequently found in water at wrack accumulation sites and within the wrack itself compared to sites without wrack. Several OTUs were exclusive to wrack accumulation sites. For the abundance and presence of V. vulnificus and the presence of V. cholerae, the most important factors in the water were the proportion of V. fucoides in the wrack, chl-a, and CDOM. Specific Vibrio OTUs correlated with salinity, water temperature, cryptophyte, and blue-green algae concentrations. To better understand the role of wrack accumulations in Vibrio abundance and community composition, future research should include different degradation stages of wrack, evaluate the link with nutrient release, and investigate microbial food-web interactions within such ecosystems, focusing on potentially pathogenic Vibrio species that could be harmful both for humans and wildlife.
Inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense as a Strategy to Reduce Nitrogen Fertilization in Cultivating Purple Maize (Zea mays L.) in the Inter-Andean Valleys of Peru
Authors: Condori Tatiana , Alarcón Susan , Huasasquiche Lucero , García-Blásquez Cayo , Padilla-Castro César , Velásquez José , Solórzano Richard
Published: October 2024

Purple maize has gained global significance due to its numerous nutraceutical benefits. However, sustaining its production typically requires high doses of nitrogen fertilizers, which, when applied in excess, can contaminate vital resources such as soil and water. Inoculation with nitrogen-fixing microorganisms, such as those from the Azospirillum genus, has emerged as an alternative to partially or fully replace nitrogen fertilizers. This study aimed to evaluate the inoculation effect with A. brasilense and varying nitrogen fertilization levels on the yield and quality of purple maize. The experiment was carried out using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with a 2 × 5 factorial arrangement and five replications. Treatments comprised two inoculation levels (control without inoculation and inoculation with A. brasilense) under five nitrogen doses (0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 kg∙ha−1, applied as urea). Inoculation with A. brasilense resulted in a 10.5% increase in plant height, a 16.7% increase in root length, a 21.3% increase in aboveground fresh biomass, a 30.1% increase in root fresh biomass, and a 27.7% increase in leaf nitrogen concentration compared to the non-inoculated control. Regarding yield, the inoculated plants surpassed the control in both purple maize yield (kg∙ha−1) and cob weight by 21.8% and 11.6%, respectively. Across all fertilization levels and parameters assessed, the inoculated treatments outperformed the control. Furthermore, for parameters, namely plant height, leaf nitrogen content, and cob dimensions (length, diameter, and weight), the A. brasilense inoculation treatment with 90 kg N∙ha−1 was statistically equivalent or superior to the non-inoculated control with 120 kg N∙ha−1. These results indicate that inoculation with A. brasilense positively impacted purple maize at all nitrogen levels tested and improved nitrogen use efficiency, enabling a reduction of 30 kg N∙ha−1 without compromising performance in key parameters.
Research on 4N8 High-Purity Quartz Purification Technology Prepared Using Vein Quartz from Pakistan
Authors: Xie Yutian , Xia Mei , Yang Xiaoyong , Khan Ibrar , Hou Zhenhui
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the potential of two quartz vein ores from the Hunza District, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan, as raw materials to obtain 4N8 high-purity quartz (HPQ) sand. Various quartz purification processes were examined, including ore calcination, water quenching, flotation, sand calcination, acid leaching, and chlorination roasting. Analytical techniques such as optical microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy were employed to analyze the microstructure, inclusion characteristics, and chemical composition of both the quartz raw ore and the processed quartz sand. Microscopic observation reveals that the PK-AML quartz raw ore has relatively high purity, the secondary fluid inclusions are arranged in a directional–linear manner or developed along crystal micro-cracks, and most intracrystalline regions exhibit low inclusion contents, while the PK-JTLT quartz raw ore contains a certain number of melt inclusions. The two processed quartz sand samples exhibit a smooth surface with extremely low fluid inclusion content. A comparative analysis of different purification processes shows that quartz sand calcination has a higher impurity removal rate than ore calcination. After crushing the raw ore into sand, the particles become finer with a larger specific surface area. Quartz sand calcination maximally exposes the inclusions and lattice impurity elements within the quartz, facilitating subsequent impurity removal through acid leaching. Following the processes of crushing, ultrasonic desliming, flotation, sand calcination, water quenching, acid leaching, and chlorination roasting, the SiO2 content of PK-AML processed quartz sand is 99.998 wt.%, with only a small amount of Ti and Li remaining, and a total impurity element content of 20.83 µg·g−1. This meets the standard requirements for crucible preparation in industrial applications, making this vein quartz suitable for producing high-end HPQ products. In contrast, the overall purity of PK-JTLT quartz is lower, and the high contents of impurity elements such as Li, Al, and Ti are difficult to remove via purification experiments. The SiO2 content of PK-JTLT processed quartz sand is 99.991 wt.%, which is applied to higher-quality glass products such as photovoltaic glass, electronic glass, and optical glass, thus presenting broad prospects for application.
Potential for the Recovery of Selected Metals and Critical Raw Materials from Slags from Polymineral Zn–Pb Ore Metallurgy—Part I
Authors: Cempa Magdalena , Lejwoda Paweł , Karabela Klaudia , Pieprzyca Anna , Świnder Henryk , Bauerek Arkadiusz
Published: October 2024

Slags from the Silesia–Cracow Upland (Poland), including ten historical slags (deposited in waste dumps) and four contemporary slags (from current production), were examined to compare their chemical and mineralogical properties as well as to assess their potential for the recovery of selected metals and critical raw materials. The historical slags associated with the smelting of polymetallic ores originating from Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) deposits consisted primarily of gypsum. The contemporary slags, obtained from industrial waste rich in zinc and lead, were predominantly spinels (magnesium-aluminate and ferric) that exhibited higher iron content (up to 46.6 wt% of Fe2O3) compared to the historical slags (up to 26.1 wt% of Fe2O3). The zinc content was similar for both the slag types (3.5 wt% Zn). The average titanium and arsenic contents in the old and contemporary slags were at the same level as well, with 0.21 wt% (Ti) and 0.13 wt% (As), respectively. The contemporary slags contained higher levels of critical raw materials, such as cobalt, nickel, copper, and manganese, compared to the historical slags. Rare earth elements (REEs) were also more abundant in the contemporary slags, with an average content of 212 ppm, while the historical slags averaged 124 ppm. These findings underscore the potential for recovering valuable metals and critical raw materials from such slags, presenting opportunities for resource optimisation and environmental management.
A Novel Technology for the Recovery and Separation of Cassiterite- and Iron-Containing Minerals from Tin-Containing Tailing
Authors: Li Yi , Lv Jinfang , Li Zhiyuan , Zhou Yongcheng , Qin Longwei
Published: October 2024

Tin-containing tailing is classified as a solid waste, but it possesses valuable resources such as tin and iron. Tin-containing tailing exhibits a fine distribution and compact symbiosis of cassiterite- and iron-containing minerals. Therefore, it is difficult to recover and separate cassiterite- and iron-containing minerals using traditional mineral processing methods. The study proposed a novel technology involving pre-concentration, reduction roasting, and magnetic separation for the treatment of tin-containing tailings with a tin grade of 0.14% and an iron grade of 12.79%. The classification pre-concentration method was achieved using a combination of shaking tables, suspension vibration cone separators, and high-gradient magnetic separation with a magnetic field strength of 1.4 T. The discarded tailings ratio reached 73.56%. The gravity pre-enriched concentrates and magnetic pre-enriched concentrates underwent reduction roasting to facilitate the conversion of hematite and goethite into magnetite, respectively. The optimal conditions for reduction roasting of the gravity pre-enriched concentrate were a 10% lignite dosage, a roasting temperature of 650 °C, and a holding time of 80 min. The optimal conditions for reduction roasting of the magnetic pre-enriched concentrate were a 8% lignite dosage, a roasting temperature of 750 °C, and a holding time of 100 min. The reduction roasted products were treated using magnetic separation with a magnetic field strength of 0.16 T. Finally, a tin-rich middling with a tin grade of 2.93% and a recovery ratio of 70.88%, as well as an iron concentrate with an iron grade of 61.95% and a recovery ratio of 68.08% were obtained. The study achieved efficient recoveries of tin and iron from tin tailings, thereby presenting a novel approach for the utilization of resources in the tailing.
Selective Sorption of Noble Metals on Polymer Gel Modified with Ionic Liquid
Authors: Dakova Ivanka , Veleva Olga , Karadjova Irina
Published: October 2024

The solid phase extraction of Au, Ir, Pd, Pt, and Rh on a polymer gel modified with ionic liquid containing methylimidazolium groups (MIA-PG) has been investigated. The positively charged surface of the sorbent is highly suitable for the sorption of stable chlorido complexes of the studied analytes, while the retention of base metals Cu, Fe, Ni, Zn, and Mn is negligible. Optimization experiments performed showed that, at 0.05 M HCl, the degree of sorption of Au, Ir, Pd, and Pt is above 95%, and only for Rh, the maximum degree is 65%; complete elution is achieved in the mixture of thiourea in HCl. The results obtained from the equilibrium adsorption studies are fitted in various adsorption models, such as Langmuir and Freundlich, and the model parameters have been evaluated. The kinetics analysis indicated that the adsorption of Au, Ir, Pd, Pt, and Rh onto the sorbent follows the pseudo-second-order model. Intraparticle diffusion and ion exchange reactions were the rate-limiting steps. Analytical procedures were developed for Pd, Pt, and Rh determination in road dust and soil and for Au determination in copper ore and copper concentrate. The procedures are validated by the analysis of certified reference materials. Analytical figures of merit confirmed their applicability in routine laboratory practice.
Phonon Drag Contribution to Thermopower for a Heated Metal Nanoisland on a Semiconductor Substrate
Authors: Arkhipov Alexander , Trofimovich Karina , Arkhipov Nikolay , Gabdullin Pavel
Published: October 2024

The possible contribution of phonon drag effect to the thermoelectrically sustained potential of a heated nanoisland on a semiconductor surface was estimated in a first principal consideration. We regarded electrons and phonons as interacting particles, and the interaction cross-section was derived from the basic theory of semiconductors. The solution of the equation of motion for average electrons under the simultaneous action of phonon drag and electric field gave the distributions of phonon flux, density of charge carriers and electric potential. Dimensional suppression of thermal conductance and electron-phonon interaction were accounted for but found to be less effective than expected. The developed model predicts the formation of a layer with a high density of charge carriers that is practically independent of the concentration of dopant ions. This layer can effectively intercept the phonon flow propagating from the heated nanoisland. The resulting thermoEMF can have sufficient magnitudes to explain the low-voltage electron emission capability of nanoisland films of metals and sp2-bonded carbon, previously studied by our group. The phenomenon predicted by the model can be used in thermoelectric converters with untypical parameters or in systems for local cooling.
Addressing Mental Health in Rural Settings: A Narrative Review of Blueberry Supplementation as a Natural Intervention
Authors: Venable Katy E. , Lee Charles C. , Francis Joseph
Published: October 2024

Depression and anxiety are major public health issues; however, there is an unmet need for novel, effective, and accessible treatments, particularly in rural communities. Blueberries are an unexplored nutraceutical for these conditions due to their excellent nutritional profile, with particularly high levels of polyphenols and anthocyanins and benefits on mood, cognition, and health. Here, we present a narrative review of the literature concerning the etiology and treatments of major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). In both animal and human studies, blueberry supplementation can ameliorate behavioral symptoms of both anxiety and depression. The mechanistic underpinnings of these behavioral improvements are not fully defined, but likely involve biochemical alterations in the gut–brain axis, including to inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species, and growth factors. We also review the limitations of traditional therapies in rural settings. Finally, we assess the potential benefit of nutraceutical interventions, particularly blueberries, as novel therapeutics for these distinct, yet related mental health issues.
Leucine Intake and Sarcopenia Indicators of an Elderly Group from the Metropolitan Region, Santiago de Chile, Who Participated in the Program for Complementary Food in Older People (PACAM)
Authors: Bustos-Arriagada Edson , Arazo-Rusindo Migdalia Caridad , Rivera-Andrades Gonzalo , Pérez-Bravo Francisco , Castillo-Valenzuela Oscar , Barros-Velázquez Jorge , Mariotti-Celis María Salomé
Published: October 2024

Background and objective: The global aging population has led to increased noncommunicable diseases, often linked to poor diet and declining muscle strength and mass. This study assessed leucine intake and sarcopenia indicators among 181 adults aged 60–80 in Santiago, Chile, participating in the Program for Complementary Food in Older People (PACAM), with 80% being women. Methods: Sarcopenia was evaluated through muscle strength and mass using the EWGSOP2 criteria for its identification. Results: 78.45% of participants did not meet the recommended leucine intake of 3 g per day and sarcopenia was identified in 17.13% of them. The skeletal muscle index was 48.07%, and hand grip strength was 26.52%, with men showing significantly higher grip strength (48.60% vs. 28.80%, p = 0.00). Inadequate leucine intake was more common in those aged 60–75 (85.9%) than those over 75 (p = 0.03). No significant differences in BMI, grip strength, or muscle mass were found between those with adequate and inadequate leucine intake, and PACAM food consumption did not significantly affect these parameters. A sub-analysis showed significant differences in grip strength among powdered dairy drink consumers (35.20% vs. 17.80%, p = 0.01). Conclusions: Chilean elderly participating in PACAM present a high prevalence of sarcopenia and leucine deficiency among with no notable benefits from PACAM foods intake. Despite the limitations of the local body composition assessment method, this research addresses a critical public health issue in Chile. Future studies should evaluate physical performance and focus on leucine supplementation to clarify its effects on sarcopenia.
Metataxonomics and Metabolomics Profiles in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease Patients on a “Navelina” Orange-Enriched Diet
Authors: Calabrese Francesco Maria , Aloisio Caruso Emanuela , De Nunzio Valentina , Celano Giuseppe , Pinto Giuliano , Cofano Miriam , Sallustio Stefano , Iacobellis Ilaria , Apa Carmen Aurora , Santamaria Monica , Calasso Maria , Giannelli Gianluigi , De Angelis Maria , Notarnicola Maria
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is currently the most common cause of chronic liver disease. Systemic inflammatory status and peripheral metabolic symptoms in the clinical picture have an impact on gut commensal bacteria. Methods: Our designed clinical trial was based on a cohort of patients with MAFLD whose diet included the daily consumption of 400 g of “Navelina” oranges for 28 days, compared with a control group of patients with the same pathologic conditions whose diet did not include the consumption of oranges and other foods containing similar nutrients/micronutrients. We used 16S metataxonomics and GC/MS analyses to identify taxa and urine/fecal VOCs, respectively. Results: A set of micronutrients from the diet were inspected, and some specific fatty acids were identified as the main contributors in terms of cluster sample separation. Metataxonomics and metabolomics profiles were obtained, and a stringent statistical approach allowed for the identification of significant taxa/VOCs, which emerged from pairwise group comparisons in both fecal and urine samples. Conclusions: In conclusion, a set of taxa/VOCs can be directly referred to as a marker of dysbiosis status and other comorbidities that, together, make up the pathologic burden associated with MAFLD. The investigated variables can be a target of therapeutic strategies.
Clinical Efficacy and Tolerability of Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis L.) in Psychological Well-Being: A Review
Authors: Mathews Imogen Maria , Eastwood Jessica , Lamport Daniel Joseph , Cozannet Romain Le , Fanca-Berthon Pascale , Williams Claire Michelle
Published: October 2024

Background: There is renewed interest in the use of ancient herbal remedies for their potential health benefits, particularly in the psychological domain. One herb that is receiving growing attention is lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) which has received considerable interest for its influence on the brain. Lemon balm boasts an array of phytochemicals, including rosmarinic acid, citral, oleanolic acid, and ursolic acid, which are believed to underpin these effects on psychological well-being. Pharmacological evidence from animal and cellular work reveals that lemon balm and its components may modulate several brain signalling pathways, including GABAergic, cholinergic, and serotonergic systems. Results/Conclusions: Although further robust randomised controlled trials using lemon balm are required, existing research indicates that lemon balm holds promise as a calming agent exhibiting both anxiolytic and anti-depressant properties and can elicit cognitive and sleep-quality enhancement.
The Consumption of Non-Sugar Sweetened and Ready-to-Drink Beverages as Emerging Types of Beverages in Shanghai
Authors: Wang Zhengyuan , Shen Liping , Ning Jinpeng , Sun Zhuo , Xu Yiwen , Shi Zehuan , Song Qi , Lu Wei , Ma Wenqing , Mai Shupeng , Zang Jiajie
Published: October 2024

Background: The Chinese beverage industry is experiencing rapid growth, particularly in the popularity of non-sugar sweetened beverages (NSSs) and ready-to-drink beverages (RSBs). This study aimed to assess current consumption patterns and determinants of various beverage types among retail visitors. Methods: A total of 44 observation points, including 22 supermarkets and 22 convenience stores, were randomly selected across Shanghai. At each location, at least 100 individuals were recruited to participate. Data were collected using an electronic self-administered questionnaire. Results: The consumption rates of total beverages, sugar-sweetened beverages, NSSs, and RSBs were 57.70%, 56.94%, 19.60%, and 29.50%, respectively; the median consumption amounts among the drinking population were 162.57 mL/day, 137.98 mL/day, 32.85 mL/day, and 32.85 mL/day, respectively. The consumption proportions of NSSs and RSBs ranked 2nd and 3rd. The multifactorial analyses showed that people aged 6–18 years consumed more beverages (p < 0.05). Males were more likely to consume sugar-sweetened beverages and NSSs, but females were more likely to consume RSBs (p < 0.05). Higher educated people and bachelors were more likely to consume beverages (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The emerging beverage categories, NSSs and RSBs, warrant attention due to their significant consumption rates. Tailored intervention strategies should be considered for demographic groups varying by age, gender, and educational attainment.
Dissecting Causal Relationships Between Dietary Habits and Diverse Subtypes of Stroke: Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Cao Yan , Ye Fan , Zhang Ling , Qin Chuan
Published: October 2024

Background: Understanding the causal relations between dietary habits and stroke is crucial for prioritizing public health interventions and developing effective health strategies. This study utilized Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to examine the causal associations between 20 dietary habits and various stroke subtypes, aiming to identify potential mediators and evaluate the proportions of mediation. Methods: A two-sample MR analysis was conducted to examine the causal relationships between dietary habits and stroke incidence. Mediation analysis, two-step MR (TSMR), and multivariable MR (MVMR) were employed to identify potential mediators. Genetic data pertaining to dietary habits and stroke were obtained from extensive genome-wide association study (GWAS) consortia. The inverse variance-weighted (IVW) method served as the primary analytical approach, with the additional scrutiny of significant correlations conducted through the Egger regression, MR-Pleiotropy Residual Sum and Outlier (MR-PRESSO), and weighted median techniques. Results: Our analyses indicated that genetically predicted intakes of dried fruits, cheese, cereal, oily fish, and hot drink temperatures were protective against stroke, whereas higher intakes of lamb/mutton, poultry, and added salt significantly elevated stroke risk. Specifically, dried fruit consumption demonstrated a protective effect against total stroke (β = −0.009, p = 0.013), ischemic stroke (β = −0.475, p = 0.003), and small-vessel ischemic stroke (β = −0.682, p = 0.033) through reductions in BMI levels, accounting for mediated proportions of 3.2%, 17.1%, and 8.5%, respectively. Furthermore, cheese intake provided a protective effect against ischemic stroke (β = −0.275, p = 0.003) by decreasing BMI and increasing HDL-C levels, with mediated proportions of 30.5% and 6.5%. Together, BMI and HDL-C accounted for 34.9% of the beneficial effect of cheese intake on reducing the risk of ischemic stroke. In contrast, an increased salt intake exhibited a positive association with large-artery ischemic stroke (β = 0.432, p = 0.033) through BMI elevation, with a mediated proportion of 10.9%. Conclusions: Our findings provide compelling evidence supporting causal relationships between dietary habits and stroke subtypes, while identifying mediators and evaluating the proportions of mediation. Adhering to a low-calorie, nutrient-dense diet enriched with dried fruits, cheese, and cereal, along with reduced salt and poultry consumption, could potentially mitigate stroke risk.
Network Pharmacology Combined with Experimental Validation to Investigate the Mechanism of the Anti-Hyperuricemia Action of Portulaca oleracea Extract
Authors: Zhang Yiming , Zhu Shengying , Gu Yueming , Feng Yanjing , Gao Bo
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Hyperuricemia (HUA) is a common metabolic disease caused by purine metabolic disorders in the body. Portulaca oleracea L. (PO) is an edible wild vegetable. Methods: In this study, the regulatory effect of PO on HUA and its potential mechanism were initially elucidated through network pharmacology and experimental validation. Results: The results showed that PO from Sichuan province was superior to the plant collected from other habitats in inhibiting xanthine oxidase (XOD) activity. Berberine and stachydrine were isolated and identified from PO for the first time by UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS. The potential molecular targets and related signaling pathways were predicted by network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques. Molecular docking showed that berberine had strong docking activity with XOD, and the results of in vitro experiments verified this prediction. Through experimental analysis of HUA mice, we found that PO can reduce the production of uric acid (UA) in the organism by inhibiting XOD activity. On the other hand, PO can reduce the body ‘s reabsorption of urate and aid in its excretion out of the body by inhibiting the urate transporter proteins (GLUT9, URAT1) and promoting the high expression of urate excretory protein (ABCG2). The results of H/E staining showed that, compared with the positive drug (allopurinol and benzbromarone) group, there was no obvious renal injury in the middle- and high-dose groups of PO extract. Conclusions: In summary, our findings reveal the potential of wild plant PO as a functional food for the treatment of hyperuricemia.
Higher Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet Is Associated with a Lower Risk of Steatotic, Alcohol-Related, and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Lee Ji , Kim Sue , Lee Yaeji , Kwon Yu-Jin , Lee Ji-Won
Published: October 2024

Background and Aims: Metabolic liver disease is associated with obesity, insulin resistance, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic disorders. A Mediterranean diet (MD), known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, is effective in managing various chronic diseases, including liver diseases. This study aimed to explore the influence of adherence to the MD on the risk of chronic metabolic diseases, including steatotic liver disease (SLD), metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), and alcohol-related liver diseases (ALDs). Methods: This retrospective cohort study analyzed 5395 individuals from a single center between 2020 and 2022, grouped by adherence to the MD using the Korean Mediterranean Diet Adherence Score (K-MEDAS). MASLD score, ALD, and cardiovascular risk factors were also assessed. Statistical analyses were performed using 1:1 exact matching and multiple regression to compare the less adherent (K-MEDAS 0–7) and highly adherent (K-MEDAS 8–13) groups. Results: Adjusting for confounding variables, high adherence to the MD was significantly associated with lower rates of SLD (odds ratio [OR] 0.818, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.700–0.957, p = 0.012), MASLD (OR 0.839, 95% CI 0.714–0.986, p = 0.033), and ALD (OR 0.677, 95% CI 0.671–0.683, p < 0.001). Post-propensity score matching analysis revealed that the highly adherent group exhibited significantly lower triglyceride levels, triglyceride and glucose index, atherogenic Index of Plasma, and Framingham risk scores than the less adherent group. Conclusions: Good adherence to the MD considerably reduces the risk of SLD, MASLD, and ALD, underscoring its protective effects and potential to prevent metabolic liver diseases and their complications.
Immunomodulatory Effects of a Prebiotic Formula with 2′-Fucosyllactose and Galacto- and Fructo-Oligosaccharides on Cyclophosphamide (CTX)-Induced Immunosuppressed BALB/c Mice via the Gut–Immune Axis
Authors: Ye Wanyun , Shi Hanxu , Qian Wentao , Meng Liping , Wang Meihua , Zhou Yalin , Wen Zhang , Han Muke , Peng Yile , Li Hongliang , Xu Yajun
Published: October 2024

Obejectives: This study explored the immunomodulatory effects of a prebiotic formula consisting of 2′-fucosyllactose (2′-FL), galacto-oligosaccharides (GOSs), and fructo-oligosaccharides (FOSs) (hereinafter referred to as 2FGF) in cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced immunosuppressed BALB/c mice and its underlying mechanisms. Methods: Sixty healthy female BALB/c mice were randomly divided into the following groups: normal control (NC) group; CTX treatment (CTX) group; 2FGF low-dose (2FGF-L) group; 2FGF medium-dose (2FGF-M) group; and 2FGF high-dose (2FGF-H) group. An immunosuppressed model was established in the 2FGF-H group by intraperitoneal injection of 80 mg/kg CTX. After 30 days of 2FGF intervention, peripheral blood, spleen tissue, thymus tissue, and intestinal tissue from the mice were collected and analyzed. The changes in weight and food intake of the mice were recorded weekly. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to observe the histological change of the spleen tissue. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed to detect cytokine levels in peripheral blood. Flow cytometry was used to analyze T lymphocyte subgroup ratio of splenic lymphocytes. Western blot analysis was conducted on intestinal tissues to assess the expression of proteins involved in the tight junction, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cell (NF-κB) signaling pathways. Additionally, molecular techniques were used to analyze the intestinal microbiota. Results: The results showed that 2FGF restored CTX-induced splenic injury, increased the number of splenic T lymphocytes, and elevated serum cytokines such as interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-10. In the intestine, 2FGF upregulated the expression of intestinal epithelial tight junction proteins such as Claudin-1 and zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1), thereby enhancing intestinal barrier function and activating the MAPK and NF-κB pathways via TLR4. Furthermore, 2FGF elevated the α-diversity (Shannon and Simpson indices) of the gut microbiota in CTX-induced immunosuppressed mice, enriching bacteria species positively correlated with anti-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-4) such as g_Streptomyces and g_Bacillus and negatively correlated with pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-1β) such as g_Saccharomyces. The results suggest that 2FGF may enhance immunity via the gut–immune axis. Conclusions: The 2FGF prebiotic formula showed an immunomodulatory effect in CTX-induced immunosuppressed mice, and the mechanism of which might involve optimizing the gut flora, enhancing intestinal homeostasis, strengthening the intestinal barrier, and promoting the expression of immune factors by regulating the TLR-4/MAPK/NF-κB pathway.
Regular Exercise Training Induces More Changes on Intestinal Glucose Uptake from Blood and Microbiota Composition in Leaner Compared to Heavier Individuals in Monozygotic Twins Discordant for BMI
Authors: Lietzén Martin S. , Guzzardi Maria Angela , Ojala Ronja , Hentilä Jaakko , Heiskanen Marja A. , Honkala Sanna M. , Lautamäki Riikka , Löyttyniemi Eliisa , Kirjavainen Anna K. , Rajander Johan , Malm Tarja , Lahti Leo , Rinne Juha O. , Pietiläinen Kirsi H. , Iozzo Patricia , Hannukainen Jarna C.
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Obesity impairs intestinal glucose uptake (GU) (intestinal uptake of circulating glucose from blood) and alters gut microbiome. Exercise improves intestinal insulin-stimulated GU and alters microbiome. Genetics influence the risk of obesity and gut microbiome. However, the role of genetics on the effects of exercise on intestinal GU and microbiome is unclear. Methods: Twelve monozygotic twin pairs discordant for BMI (age 40.4 ± 4.5 years, BMI heavier 36.7 ± 6.0, leaner 29.1 ± 5.7, 8 female pairs) performed a six-month-long training intervention. Small intestine and colonic insulin-stimulated GU was studied using [18F]FDG-PET and microbiota from fecal samples with 16s rRNA. Results: Ten pairs completed the intervention. At baseline, heavier twins had lower small intestine and colonic GU (p < 0.05). Response to exercise differed between twins (p = 0.05), with leaner twins increasing colonic GU. Alpha and beta diversity did not differ at baseline. During the intervention, beta diversity changed significantly, most prominently at the mid-point (p < 0.01). Beta diversity changes were only significant in the leaner twins when the twin groups were analyzed separately. Exercise was associated with changes at the phylum level, mainly at the mid-point (pFDR < 0.05); at the genus level, several microbes increased, such as Lactobacillus and Sellimonas (pFDR < 0.05). In type 1 analyses, many genera changes were associated with exercise, and fewer, such as Lactobacillus, were also associated with dietary sugar consumption (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Obesity impairs insulin-stimulated intestinal GU independent of genetics. Though both twin groups exhibited some microbiota changes, most changes in insulin-stimulated colon GU and microbiota were significant in the leaner twins.
The Contribution of Postprandial Glucose Levels to Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes Calculated from Continuous Glucose Monitoring Data: Real World Evidence from the DIALECT-2 Cohort
Authors: den Braber Niala , Vollenbroek-Hutten Miriam M. R. , Teunissen Sacha E. M. , Oosterwijk Milou M. , Kappert Kilian D. R. , Laverman Gozewijn D.
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Traditional glycemic monitoring in type 2 diabetes is limited, whereas continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) offers better insights into glucose fluctuations. This study aimed to determine the correlations and relative contributions of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and postprandial plasma glucose (PPG) levels to hyperglycemia. Methods: We utilized CGM and recorded carbohydrate intake data from lifestyle diaries of 59 patients enrolled in the Diabetes and Lifestyle Cohort Twente (DIALECT-2). Correlations between FPG and the glucose management indicator (GMI), FPG and Time Above Range (TAR), PPG and GMI, and PPG and TAR were conducted. Daily and mealtime relative contributions of PPG and FPG to glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and GMI were determined, considering two ranges: on target (<7.0%, 53 mmol/mol) and not on target (≥7.0%, 53 mmol/mol). Correlations between mealtime PPG and carbohydrate consumption were examined. Results: FPG and PPG correlated with GMI (r = 0.82 and 0.41, respectively, p < 0.05). The relative contribution of PPG in patients with HbA1c, GMI, and TAR values not on target was lower than in patients with HbA1c, GMI, and TAR values on target. When analyzing different mealtimes, patients with target GMI values had a higher PPG (73 ± 21%) than FPG after breakfast (27 ± 21%, p < 0.001). Individuals with elevated GMI levels had lower PPG after lunch (30 ± 20%), dinner (36 ± 23%), and snacks (34 ± 23%) than FPG. PPG after breakfast positively correlated (r = 0.41, p < 0.01) with breakfast carbohydrate intake. Conclusions: Both PPG and FPG contribute to hyperglycemia, with PPG playing a larger role in patients with better glycemic control, especially after breakfast. Targeting PPG may be crucial for optimizing glucose management.