bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Poisson’s Ratios for Wood Species for Structural Purposes
Authors: Rocco Lahr Francisco Antonio , Christoforo André Luis , Chahud Eduardo , Branco Luiz A. Melgaço N. , Battistelle Rosane A.G. , Valarelli Ivaldo D.
Published: February 2015

The broader knowledge about physical and mechanical properties of wood allows reliable timber structures design. Even little addressed in the literature, in several situations Poisson's ratios are required for the evaluation of stresses acting on structural elements. This study aimed to obtain values of Poisson's ratios (ν), plans Longitudinal-Radial (νLR) and Longitudinal-Tangential (νLT), for species Peroba Rosa (Aspidosperma polyneuron) and Jatobá (Hymenaea courbarilL.). For this purpose, forty samples Peroba Rosa and eight samples of Jatobá were prepared for testing in compression parallel to the grain, following the recommendations of ABNT NBR 7190 standard. The results of means confidence intervals, considered at the level of 5% significance, revealed that the Poisson's ratios νLR e νLT to Peroba Rosa are 0.27 and 0.42, respectively, and 0.25 and 0.43 to Jatobá.
Ion Plating Plasma Assisted SiO2 and TiO2 Protective Nano-Coatings for Antique Ceramics Preservation
Authors: Aversa Raffaella , Perrotta Valeria , Misiano Carlo , Apicella Antonio
Published: February 2015

The application of Ion Plating Plasma Assisted technology in the field of preservation of Cultural Heritage is presented. In order to guaranty the preservation of the artistic and cultural identity of ancient ceramic tiles with strong chromatic valence, not-invasive, and achromatic and antireflective coating deposition processes have been investigated. Different ceramic supports have been utilized for the tests: an ancient tile of the XIX century and contemporaneous production tiles, all characterized by strong chromatic valence and by a mixed porous and glazed surfaces. Ion Plating Plasma Assisted (IPPA) by reactive magnetron sputtering source with Argon and Oxygen atmosphere for TiO2 and IPPA by thermal source with Argon and Oxygen from SiO material have been adopted. Preliminary tests with two plasma treatments were carried out on contemporaneous tile samples in order to find the optimal processing conditions. TiO2 treatment has generated miscoloration on the surface of the coating while the SiO2 coating showed achromatic and transparency properties. The ancient historical tile was used to finally test the optimized process with SiO2. Traditional organic resin spray coating treatments have been carried out for aesthetical comparative purposes with the new plasma treatment.
Synthesis, Characterization and Thermal Properties of SiO2/Pi Composite Film
Authors: Ding Yan Hong , Hu Zhong Liang , Liu Fu Sheng
Published: February 2015

SiO2/PI composite films with different percentage of incorporated nanoSiO2 were synthesized. With the increase of the adding SiO2 content, the surface roughness and the fractal dimension increased by SEM characterization for the fracture surface, and the thermal property of SiO2/PI composite films improved. The results indicate that the degree of imidization of the polyimide was full, and the polymer structure transformed from disorder into order after SiO2 was added to the PI matrix.
Influence of CrCN Coatings Steel Ball Deposited by Closed Field Unbalanced Magnetron Sputtering on the Performance of Bearing
Authors: Jia Gui Xi , Chang Jia Dong , Sun Xiao Lao , Chang Yun Peng
Published: February 2015

The CrCN coatings was deposited on the substrate of GCr15 steel ball by closed field unbalanced magnetron sputter ion plating. The performances of vibration, temperature rise, rotational speed, load carrying ability and wear resistance of CrCN coatings steel ball bearing and uncoated steel ball bearing were tested by a bearing tester, and also comparatively analyzed. Results show that, compared to the uncoated bearing, the CrCN coatings steel ball bearing, in the case of rotational speeds higher than 5 000 rpm, have lower vibration values, especially above 6 000 rpm, the vibration values were significantly reduced, and the coated bearing has vibration stability performance. And the coated bearing has also slower temperature rise performance, excellent high-speed performance, good load carrying capacity characteristics and wear resistance performance etc.
Effects of Extrusion Speed on the Deformation of Copper Using ECAP Based on FEM
Authors: Wu Chun Ling , Wang Zhong Ren , Zhang Wen
Published: February 2015

Severe plastic deformation is defined as metal forming methods in which a very large strain is imposed to a bulk in order to make an ultra-fine grained metal. ECAP is one of the most effective methods in SPD. The influences of main parameters on deformation include extrusion route, extrusion pass, die corner, friction, extrusion speed and so on. In this investigation, a model of ECAP process has been developed based on FEM and effects of extrusion speed on effective strain, load and effective stress imposed in the copper road are researched. The results of simulation have shown that lower extrusion speed can lead to higher load of top die and effective stress while the effect of extrusion speed on effective strain of copper road is slight.
Effect of Surface Roughness on the Shear and Tensile Strength of Hardwood Adhesive Joints: A Linear Elastic Model
Authors: de Conti Andrea Cressoni , de Conti Cláudio
Published: February 2015

This study analyzed the bond line strength of Eucalyptus sp. specimens submitted to shear and perpendicular to grain tensile forces, depending on the wood quality machined surface. The woods plans were glued with two different polyvinyl acetate adhesives. The bonding surfaces were milling with three different feed speeds; 6.0, 11.0 and 15.0 m/min, corresponding to the feed per tooth of the cutting tool; 0.86, 1.57 and 2.14 mm, respectively. The specimen types corresponded to the standards according to ABNT NBR 7190/1997. The cutting plane considered only the geometry of milling due to the bond line joint strength. To explain the experimental results, was proposed a linear elastic model to machined wood and bond line. For the two adhesives used, the experimental results suggest that the greatest perpendicular to grain tensile strength and shear strength were obtained to bond surface machined with the intermediate feed speed namely 11 m/min, for others two feed speeds and in the shear strength case, was not observed a distinction between them, in the perpendicular to grain tensile strength, the feed speed 6.0 m/min presented a higher strength than the machined surface with 15.0 m/min. The model reproduces the behavior of the experimentally results obtained for the two tests, and so it can be readily applied as a tool for evaluate the machining feed speed and the bond line joint strength.
Comparisons of Linear and Nonlinear FEA of Adhesively Bonded Beams
Authors: He Xiao Cong
Published: February 2015

The effect of boundary conditions on the stress distributions in single-lap adhesively bonded cantilevered beams has been investigated using the three-dimensional linear static and non-linear quasi-static finite element method. The displacement obtained from the linear static and the non-linear quasi-static analyses are compared under the same deformation scale factor for three typical boundary conditions. The analysis results indicate that there are significant differences between the linear static and non-linear quasi-static analyses only if there are significant bending effect on the bonded section. The bigger the bending effect on the bonded section, the bigger the difference between the linear static and non-linear quasi-static analyses.
Effect of Parapet Hole on Tundish Flow Field
Authors: Ma Tian Fei , Li Hong Xia , Wang Xin Fu , Liu Guo Qi
Published: February 2015

According to the actual operating parameters of tundish in a steel mill, the flow pattern and temperature distribution of molten steel in tundish were studied by CFD and heat transfer calculation method. Changing the height of parapet hole, the effect of parapet hole on flow field and temperature field were simulated. The simulation results show that: the parapet hole height has large influence on flow recirculation position, which can impact surface temperature and outflow temperature of molten steel. When parapet hole height increases, the recirculation vortex moves towards the surface of molten steel in outflow zone, surface temperature rises, but outflow temperature decreases near the narrow wall. Comprehensive analysis show that, when the parapet hole height is 480mm, surface temperature is high, molten steel will not solidify at corner; the reduction of molten steel temperature is small at outflow hole.
Effect of Turbulence Inhibitor on the Molten Steel Flow in Tundish
Authors: Ma Tian Fei , Li Hong Xia , Wang Xin Fu , Liu Guo Qi
Published: February 2015

The flow pattern and temperature distribution of molten steel in tundish were calculated by CFD and heat transfer method. Comparing the tundish flow field and the temperature field of empty packet and turbulence inhibitor installed, the role of turbulence inhibitor in tundish was analyzed, and the advantages and disadvantages of turbulence inhibiter were illuminated. The results show that: the turbulence inhibitor can eliminate the short circuit flow at tundish bottom, stabilize flow, and homogenize molten steel composition; but the turbulence inhibitor can consume energy of molten steel, and reduce the temperature of molten steel in the tundish. Without the turbulence inhibitor, the surface minimum temperature is far from the narrow corner, it is not easy to knot cold steel; installing turbulence inhibitor can raise the molten steel temperature near inlet, steel flow will scour inlet refractory intensively, service life of which shortens.
SiO2ZrO2 Thin Films as Low Temperature NO2 and O3 Sensors
Authors: Myasoedova T.N. , Petrov Victor V. , Plugotarenko Nina K. , Sergeenko Dmitriy V. , Yalovega G.E. , Brzhezinskaya Mariya M. , Shishlyanikova Evgeniya N.
Published: February 2015

Thin SiO2ZrO2 films were prepared, up to 0.2 μm thick, by means of the sol–gel technology and characterized by a Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. It is shown the presence of monoclinic, cubic and tetragonal phases of ZrO2 in the SiO2 matrix. The crystallites sizes depend on the annealing temperature of the film and amount to 35 and 56 nm for the films annealed at 773 and 973 K, respectively. The films resistance is rather sensitive to the presence of NO2 and O3 impurity in air at lower operating temperatures in the range of 30-60°C.
Using Methods of Multi Scale Modeling for Investigation of Sample Defects
Authors: Dubinets Aleksandr , Pustovalov Evgeny Vladislavovich , Modin Evgeny B. , Fedorets Aleksandr N. , Plotnikov Vladimir S.
Published: February 2015

In this paper we consider using multi scale modeling methods for reproduce structural and composite defects of amorphous metal alloys for quality improvement to improve process of getting information from experimental electron microscopic images. We used amorphous metal alloys with known structural defects as a studying objects. Also for this objects were generated models, which were designed for simulating real defects. For final model there was calculated the electron microscope images, which then was compared to the experimentally obtained one, after that were made conclusions about similarity of the real defect and the modeled one.
A Study on Image Processing Algorithms for Seam Tracking System in GMA Welding
Authors: Park Min Ho , Wu Qian Qian , Park Cheol Kyun , Lee Jong Pyo , Kim Ill Soo
Published: February 2015

With the development of economy, the seam tracking technology for arc welding becomes one of the major research tasks in the manufacturing area with robots. In this study, the objectives aim to develop an intelligent and cost-effective algorithm based on the laser vision sensor for image processing in Gas Metal Arc (GMA) welding. Images of welded seam were captured from the CCD camera. These images were then processed by the algorithms in the proposed image processing. To optimize the effective image process, popular algorithms in use were verified, compared and finally selected for every step in the image processing. Moreover, owing to the simple interactive environment and abundant toolboxes, MATLAB was employed to realize those algorithms, which offer a sample for engineers to achieve the goal of algorithm developed by this new but easier approach. Finally, weld seam images obtained with different welding environments were processed to enhance the proposal validity, and it’s proved to have significant effect of getting rid of the variable noises to extract the feature points and centerline for seam tracking in GMA welding and is capable for industrial application.
Affect of Casing Eccentricity on Stress at the Cement Ring Interface
Authors: Zhang Jing Fu , Wang Bo , Zhang De Bing , Wang Xun
Published: February 2015

In the process of the oil and gas well construction work such as casing pressure test、fracturing, etc. Casing and cement ring induration will be resulted in stress and deformation response. Under the condition of high load, may be give rise to the body damage of cement ring, and cementing interface tear and other forms of structural failure, also the function of cement ring sealing was endangered. The casing-cement ring-strata finite element mechanics model was established by using the mechanics theory and finite element theory in this paper. The affect of casing eccentricity on stress at the cement ring interface was analyzed. The results showed that, the greater eccentricity, narrow gaps of cement stone was easier to be crushed after load when the load value was near to the in-situ stress.The greater the degree of the eccentricity, narrow gaps of cementation interface was easier to be tore after unload when the load value differ greatly with the in-situ stress.
Analysis of Sectional Girder Flexion Calculate of Tapered Canal Bi-Material
Authors: Chen Li Na , Li Zhi , Qin Li Qing
Published: February 2015

There is a wide range of the application of metal conical pipe, but the corrosion resistance of a single metal material is poor, this paper designed a Bi material of conical pipe that use metal and fibrous composite. To derive the calculation formula of deflection curve of its structural style, to verify the results. combined with the finite element analysis.
Preparation and Characterization of Cd1-xZnxS Thin Films with Chemical Bath Deposition
Authors: Zhou Li Mei , Li Yun Long , Dong Yue Jie
Published: February 2015

Cd1-xZnxS thin films were grown on soda-lime glass substrates by chemical-bath deposition (CBD). The surface morphology, thickness, composition, state of the constituent elements and optical properties of the films were studied with X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), step height measurement instrument, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and spectrophotometer, respectively. The affect of annealing for the Cd1-xZnxS thin films was studied. The Cd1-xZnxS thin films had cubic crystal structure and the average transmittance was 86.8% in the visible range with the optical band gap of 2.61eV and the films thickness was about 50nm. The atomic ratio of (Cd + Zn): S increased after annealing.
Synthesis and Characterization of Au-CdS Composite Thin Films for Photoelectrochemical Sensing of Hg2+ Ions
Authors: Li Ping , Huang Shan , Pan Hong Cheng
Published: February 2015

This article presents a simple method for fabrication of Au-CdS composite thin films onto indium-tin-oxide (ITO) coated glass substrates. The method starts with electrodeposition of CdS thin films onto ITO substrates and followed by spontaneous growth of Au nanoparticles onto the CdS surface in solutions containing AuCl4- ions. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-vis spectroscopy were used to investigate the Au-CdS thin films. The photoelectrochemical property and sensing for Hg2+ ions of the Au-CdS/ITO were studied. The electrode exhibits a low limit of detection of 2.5 μM and a high selectivity for Hg2+ ions, even in the presence of a large excess (1000-fold) of other metal (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+) ions.
Highly Transparent Flexible Clay Film with Organized Polymer
Authors: Deng Xiao Bi , Xu Hong , Zhang Lin Ping , Zhong Yi , Mao Zhi Ping
Published: February 2015

A series of clay-based nanocomposite films were prepared by casting aqueous dispersions of exfoliated montmorillonite clay mixed with various loadings of water-soluble organic polymer. The clay films with a nacre-mimicking structure exhibited excellent flexibility and optical transparency even for high clay content (93 wt%).
Lightweight Concrete Strength Prediction by BP-ANN
Authors: Huang Kai , Zhong Cheng Wei
Published: February 2015

The back propagation artificial neural networks (BP-ANN) use a resilient back-propagation algorithm and early stopping technique. By inputing the properties of geometries and material, NNs can predict the strength of lightweight concrete. An BP-ANN model based on feed-forward neural network is built, trained and tested using the available test data of 148 mix records collected from the technical literature. And the test results are compared and analyzed with experimental data . It shows that the strength of lightweight concrete obtained by the simplified model based on NNs are in good agreement with test results, and they are close to the experimental values. The NNs model can be used in the shear strength prediction and design for the strength of lightweight concrete.
Characterization of Shear Interfacial Mechanical Properties in Adhesive Layer by Hybrid/Inverse Method
Authors: Wang Juan , Li Jun Qiang
Published: February 2015

A novel hybrid/inverse identification method is developed to predict the time-dependent shear interfacial mechanical properties of the adhesive layer. In this method, to effectively predict the mechanical behavior of the shear joints, which was made of the aluminum alloy and silica gel structural adhesive, a novel time-dependent shear interfacial model was embedded in the joints to denote the adhesive layer. Based on the interfacial failure results obtained from experiment and the numerical simulation, the hybrid/inverse identifying time-dependent interfacial parameters is constructed by means of genetic algorithms and the time-dependent interfacial adhesive parameters can then be determined. By independent experiment verification, it is found that the hybrid/inverse identification method is promising in identifying time-dependent interfacial parameters of adhesive bonded structures.
Research on the Relationship between Freshness and Dielectric Spectrum of Postharvest Ling-Wu Long Jujubes
Authors: Ma Xue Lian , Zhang Hai Hong , Zhang Zhong , Wang Hui Qian
Published: February 2015

In order to seek the feasibility of freshness prediction ofLing-Wulong jujubes based on dielectric spectrum, the electrical parameters ofLing-Wulong jujube were measured dynamically using HIOKI 3532-50 LCR parallel-plates measuring instrument. The concept of dielectric freshness F was put forward and its freshness index TI was proposed according to local standards. The results indicated that there was significant linear correlation between F value and TI (R2=0.709). The freshness prediction model ofLing-Wulong jujubes was established using the BP - ANN neural network (R2=0.894), the grade recognition rate was up to 82.14%. Freshness prediction of postharvestLing-Wulong jujubes based on its dielectric spectrum was feasible.
Immobilization of Acidic Ionic Liquid in Silica Gel for Catalytic Oxidative Desulfurization of Fuel Oils(I): Preparation and Charaterization of Catalysts
Authors: Yang Hao , Wang Jian Hong , Wang Peng , Hu Hua Ling , Qiao Cong Zhen , Chen Wei Ping
Published: February 2015

A series of highly dispersed ionic liquid catalysts were prepared by immobilized acidic ionic liquid [BMIM]HSO4 in silica gel through sol-gel methods. The structures and properties of the catalysts were characterized by FT-IR, SEM and XRD. The results showed the [BMIM]HSO4 had been successfully confined or encapsulated in a silica-gel matrix.
Beneficiation of a Low-Grade Flaky Graphite Ore from Australia by Flotation
Authors: Zhang Xin , Zhang Ling Yan , Qiu Yang Shuai , Qu Xin
Published: February 2015

The graphite ore from Australia is a sort of the low-grade and fine-scaled graphite ore. On the basis of the optimum rough grinding fineness, an open and a closed circuit tests were conducted which consist of one rougher, one scavenging, then four-time-regrinding and five-time-cleaning to the rough concentrate, one grinding and scavenging to the mixture of middling1~3, and the middling4~6 returned to the rougher, cleaning1 and cleaning2 respectively. Taking the kerosene, pine oil, lime as flotation reagents, the concentrate with grade improvement from 12.78% to 90.5% was achieved through the routine flotation method, as the flotation recovery rate reached to 92.46%.
Waterborne Polyurethane Used as Binders for Lithium-Ion Battery with Improved Electrochemical Properties
Authors: Zhu Chun Liu , Tao Can , Bao Jun Jie , Huang Yi Ping , Xu Ge Wen
Published: February 2015

LiFePO4based Lithium-ion batteries are prepared by nonionic waterborne polyurethane with different soft segments which act as binder. FTIR is used to characterize the structure of waterborne polyurethanes .The emulsion viscosity, mechanical properties of films are measured. The result shows that, the emulsion viscosity and tensile strength of polyurethane based polyether glycol are smaller than polyurethane based polyester. Charge-discharge, cycle performance and AC impedance spectroscopy measurement indicat that the first charge-discharge efficiency is 92%, the biggest discharge capacity is 115 mAh/g for lithium-ion batteries based on waterborne polyurethane as adhesive which equaled to PVDF, the batteries have a good cycle performance and high cycle efficiency and the impedance of batteries are small than PVDF.
On the Design and Materials Selection of Composite Material Ocean Flexible Pipe
Authors: Zhao Lin , Liu Ming Lei
Published: February 2015

This paper aims to discuss the composite materials application in ocean oil and gas flexible pipes, from the functional principles to the technical methodology in materials selection and pipe structure design.
Study on Stamping Process of Dust Shield Based on Orthogonal Test
Authors: Feng Hai Mei , Wang Jun Hong , Zhai Shen , Dong Rui Hua
Published: February 2015

In this paper, Orthogonal test is used in combination with numerical simulation to get a comprehensive consideration of the effectors of die radius, blank holding force (PHF) and punching velocity on dust shield forming performance. Optimum forming parameters is obtained to optimize die structure. These results will give reference to drawing process.
Evolution Mechanism of the Crystallite Geometry in PAN-Based Carbon Fibers during High-Temperature Heat Treatment
Authors: Gao Ai Jun , Zhang Zuo Guang , Xu Liang Hua
Published: February 2015

The mechanism for the change in the size of the geometry of graphite crystallites in polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fibers heat treated at 1500–2500 °C is proposed. The study indicated that the growth transition temperature of graphite crystallites in carbon fibers is 2000 °C. Above 2000 °C, the interlayer space (d002) decreases slowly and an ordered graphitic structure forms. Below 2000 °C, the variation in the size of the crystallites along the directions of the axis (La‖) and the radius (La⊥) of the carbon fibers that were heat treated at various temperatures was almost the same and the crystallite form factor, La‖/La⊥, which is nearly 1. Above 2000 °C, La‖/La⊥ increases rapidly because the anisotropy of the arrangements of the crystallites in the carbon fibers and the geometry of the crystallites change from being square to becoming rectangular. The crystallite thickness (Lc) also increases with an increasing temperature and below 2000 °C the crystallite form factor (La‖/Lc) increases rapidly. Above 2000 °C, the La‖/Lc stabilized at 3.1. The different growth models in the different directions are the intrinsic root for the variations in the crystallite geometries that underwent high-temperature heat treatments.
Spectroscopic and Morphological Investigation of Copper-Containing Nanocomposites
Authors: Shmatko V.A. , Myasoedova T.N. , Yalovega G.E.
Published: February 2015

In the paper the SiO2CuOx and SiO2(CuOxSnOy) thin films were deposited from the alcoholic solutions employing the sol-gel technique. The films were characterized by means of SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and 2p x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The SEM studies found the grain shape changes from flower-like to regular shaped inorganic agglomerates as result of adding the SnCl4 into the sol. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies showed the presence both CuO and CuO2 phases and formation of a double CuSiO3 oxide phase.
Crystallite Cluster Structure Formation Resulting from Semi-Enclosed Cage Interaction in TSI-POSS/PU Hybrid Composites
Authors: Pan Rui , Shanks Robert , Wang Ling Ling
Published: February 2015

Trisilanolisobutyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (TSI-POSS) with three hydroxyl functional groups pendent to a semi-enclosed cage, was incorporated in concentrations of 7, 13 and 22 wt% into 4,4'-methylenebis (phenyl isocyanate) (MDI) and glycerol propoxylate to prepare TSI-POSS/PU hybrid composites as a heavy linking node in backbone, respectively. The domain micro-structures of these composites were investigated by FTIR, wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) and molecular dynamics simulation approach. The results indicate that with TSI-POSS concentration increasing in hybrid composites, distinct crystallite clusters are formed which increase the volume of hard segments and lead to the micro-phase separation. Meanwhile, details of chain packing has been evaluated by radial distribution function, which shows that below 13wt% TSI-POSS concentration, the number of contacts between neighboring chains is decreased due to the humping semi-enclosed cage of TSI-POSS units. However, when TSI-POSS concentration is up to 22 wt%, the number of contacts is increased because the formation of crystallite cluster pulls neighboring chains closer to each other and significantly shortens their distance.
Terbium Complex Triboluminophore for Optical Sensorics
Authors: Nagorny Ivan , Mirochnik Anatolii , Shishov Alexander , Zhikhareva Polina , Babiy Michail , Romashko Roman
Published: February 2015

Triboluminescence properties of chemical compound based on Terbium (III) - Tb (АА)3Phen - are studied by means of new experimental technique developed in this work. It is found that the synthesized complex manifests 20% higher integral intensity of triboluminescence in comparison with that for compound based on Europium (III) –ТЕА[Eu (DBM)4] which is one of best triboluminophores in the visible spectral range.
Phosphorous Incorporated-Silicon Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Double Tube Reactor and Inductive Coupled Plasma
Authors: Koo Jeong Boon , Jung Chun Young , Jang Bo Yun
Published: February 2015

Phosphorous (P) incorporated silicon nanoparticles (Si NPs) were synthesized by using inductive coupled plasma (ICP) and a specially designed double tube reactor.Their microstructures were investigated by injecting various amounts of PH3 gas during the synthesis. Injection of PH3 gas during the synthesis resulted in a change from crystalline to amorphous phase, a reduction of particle size as well as process yield. These results were attributed to a lower plasma density when higher amount of PH3 was injected.From EDS, SIMS and XPS analysis, it was revealed that P was successively incorporated in Si NPs.However, secondary phases such as P4 (red P) and P2O5were formed as amorphous ones in nanoscale when a relatively large amount of PH3 was injected.
Analysis of Welding Process for Automotive Rear Cradle
Authors: Seol Hak Jae , Lee Kyoung Teak , Park Chang Soo , Yoo Kwan Bong
Published: February 2015

A rear cradle as one of the suspension system takes a role to connect a tie rod, suspension arm, transmissions and rubber bush. It consists of the side member and cross member which are joined by welding process. However, the rear cradle may be distorted due to thermal deformation during welding process, which cause dimensional tolerance problem when assembling. So, it is necessary to predict the thermal deformation and the optimal welding conditions should be suggested to reduce the dimensional tolerances.
In this paper, MAG(metal active gas) welding process was applied in the simulation model using the SYSWELDR, commercial S/W for welding simulation. And then, It should be predicted on the results about the gap and thermal deformation of main cylinder and derived the phase transformation, temperature distribution, residual stress and thermal deformation of total model shape.
The Importance of Quality Control within the Relationship between the Quality Engineering and Taguchi Methodology
Authors: Cakmakci Mehmet , Durakbasa Numan M. , Karasu Mahmut Kemal , Bas Gokcen , Gurel Umut
Published: February 2015

Nowadays there is a strong relationship between the quality control and quality engineering in the modern advanced manufacturing. Quality engineering is an interdisciplinary science which is concerned with not only producing satisfactory products for customers but also reducing the total loss. Quality engineering involves engineering design, process operations, after-sales services, economics and statistics. Although the Taguchi Robust Design is the first concept comes to mind when thinking of quality engineering, the definition of this major has been used in different manners in the literature. There are also differences on the definition of the quality which has been made by experts. The aim of this study is to contribute to the literature to avoid deviations on definition of the concept of "Quality Engineering", which has not been defined yet by ISO - International Organization for Standardization. This study pointed out that the process of quality control is a part of on-line quality engineering rather than off-line phase and tries to ensure planned and/or improved values are satisfied during mass production.
Qualifying Measuring Systems by Using Six Sigma
Authors: Loderer Andreas , Galovskyi Bogdan , Hartmann Wito , Hausotte Tino
Published: February 2015

The technology of sheet-bulk metal forming enables the production of complex workpieces with filigree surface structures in only a few forming steps. In order to provide a rapid and production-related workpiece inspection of not only large workpiece features, but also small features in an appropriate quality, a multi-sensor optical measurement system with different resolutions is required. Workpiece features of medium size can be measured by two types of fringe projection sensors. With a structured approach according to Six Sigma, which is based on the five phases design, measure, analyze, improve and control complex tasks are divided into smaller individual problems. In each phase the Six Sigma method recommends tools for solving the individual problems effectively. With the support of the Six Sigma guideline an exemplary sheet-bulk metal forming workpiece feature is used in order to qualify the two measuring systems for a production-related measurement. After defining the explicit goal for the investigations, a detailed analysis of the measurement process leads to a couple of relevant influences. These are input factors for the design of experiments. By a full factorial design, not only an influence of a factor itself, also the interactions between multiple factors can be detected. In the analyze-phase, these results are calculated by different statistical methods. To present the results in a comprehensible way several types of diagrams are used. The shown approach gives an example for a traceable and methodical way to qualify a measurement system for challenging measurement tasks.
Influence of Different Filtration Methods Application on a Filtered Surface Profile and Roughness Parameters
Authors: Miller Tatiana , Łętocha Aneta , Gajda Krzysztof
Published: February 2015

The measurements were performed on the surfaces made of different materials and typical of diversified character. Glass roughness standards with sinusoidal profile, approximately sinusoidal profile and metallic comparative standards after lathing and grinding were object of research. Analysis was performed including the surface and profile evaluation. Statistical analysis was conducted. Measurement sections and other filter parameters were selected in accordance with standards. Measurements were carried out with stylus tip contact method – using TOPO 01P device designed by The Institute of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, that uses diamond tip inductive sensor. Tip sensor radius is equal to 2 μm. The results of measurements were filtered by: Gaussian filter, Robust Gaussian regression Filter, Spline, Spline Wavelet, Morphological Filter. Gaussian Filter uses linear system based on Fourier wavelengths. Robust Gauss Regression Filter is similar to Gaussian Filter, but it is insensitive on the specified phenomena in input signal. Spline Filter is based on linear polynomial combination. Wavelet Filter decomposes profile on constant shape elements, but on different scales. Morphological Filter operates on the principle of filtered profile plotting using circular disc or horizontal line segment with a specified (respectively) radius or length. Selection of suitable filtration method is essential and one of the most important things to obtain reliable measurement results evaluation. Not all filters are suitable for each type of surface. Filter algorithms differ from each other and this influences in a greater or lesser degree on the roughness profile and hence on roughness parameters and waviness parameters related to it.
Measurement System Analysis Combined with Shewhart’s Approach
Authors: Diering Magdalena , Hamrol Adam , Kujawińska Agnieszka
Published: February 2015

The paper presents new procedure of methodology for statistical assessment of measurement systems variation (methodology known in the literature as Measurement Systems Analysis, MSA). This procedure allows for calculation and monitoring in real time (that is on-line) of measurement system (MS) characteristics which determine its usability for manufacturing process control. The presented solution pointed out the gap in process control, which consists in lack of methods for monitoring measurement processes in the on-line way. Their key point consists of taking samples that are also needed for the process control chart for the needs of the MSA method. This means that the samples are taken directly from the production line and during the production process. The method is combined with the standard procedure of statistical process control (SPC) with the use of process control charts. It is based on two control charts. The first one is called AD-chart (Average Difference chart) and it allows to estimate the variation between the operators and stability of the monitored measurement system. The second control chart illustrates the %R&R index (Repeatability and Reproducibility) and allows to monitor the MS capability.The paper also presents authors’ proposal of guidelines about the reference value for the %R&R index calculation and assessment. Recommendations and guidelines for choosing the reference value are based on two criteria: information about sample and manufacturing process variation and the purpose of using MS (product or process control).
Surface Hardening of Austenitic Stainless Steel by Explosive Treatment
Authors: Kovacs-Coskun Tünde , Pinke Peter
Published: February 2015

Specimens of austenitic stainless steel hardness changing were tested. The used hardening technology was a modified explosive treatment. During the hardening tests the explosive exploded different distance from surface. Same setup was tested with 2, 3 and 4 mm holder. The hardness improving and the plastic deformation were different as function of the holder size. The hardness was measured by Vickers hardness tester. The amount of strain induces martensite was detected magnetically. It can suppose that the microstructure changed during high rate strain. Results showed that the strain rate and result hardness depend on the holder size. We found that the bigger holder size in case of the tested setup provoke higher hardening. To determine the hardness properties it’s important to use an optional setup.
Optimizing Steel-Making Secondary Metallurgy Slag at ISD DUNAFERR Zrt
Authors: Móger Róbert , Réger Mihály , Ender Alfred , Józsa Róbert , Wizner Krisztián
Published: February 2015

ISD DUNAFERR Co. Ltd., formerly named as Dunai Vasmű (Danube Ironworks), has a history of over half a century. Currently it is the only factory in Hungary that is operated by integrated steel-making technology and has a hot metal production capacity of 1.7 million tons (Figure 1). The metallurgical combine includes coke production, hot metal production, steel-making, hot and cold rolling, profiling and manufacturing of galvanized products too. Steel is produced by 2 BOFs with the capacity of 135 tons each.
Examination of Bone Like Materials
Authors: Pammer Dávid , Bognár Eszter
Published: February 2015

The aim of this research is to develop a new minimally invasive measurement procedure. With this method implantologist could determine the local mechanical and structural properties of the cellular solids materials (e.g. bones) into which implants are placed. The currently applied methods are based on image measurement procedures (CT, Hounsfield scale etc.). The dentists, with the knowledge of the determined mechanical properties of the bone, can choose the ideal surgical parameters (flap size, diameter of drill, hole-depth, healing time, etc.) and the ideal implant type for the patients. During the development of the measuring procedure, was used bone modeling materials (“bone-like materials”) instead of bone. With these materials it is easier to do tests, than with living tissues. The bone like materials needs to have the same mechanical and structural properties as the given bone. The following bone like materials was used during the measurement: woods (Amaranth, Alnus, Ipe, Iroko, Robinia, Pyrus, Zebrano), and on the market available polyurethane solid foams (Sawbones D1 and D2). Among the literatures are summaries, which include the biomechanical assessments for implant stability. These technics are good to determine the implant stability in different bones and bone like materials after the implantation. In this work torsional test were used. This test is based on the determination of the insertion torque as a function of the implant displacement. Used the insertion torque functions and the screw geometrical parameters, the rotational work was determined. The different materials insertion torque functions have different slope values. The slopes and the rotational work results show which bone like material has similar insertion parameters (insertion torque function, rotational work) as a mandible during the insertion of an implant. With this torsional test and the knowledge of the bone like materials insertion torque functions and the rotational works it is possible to find the best material for the modeling of an implantation. Using this material, medical students can practice and improved the surgical techniques.
Alternative, New Method for Predicting Polymer Waste Stream Contents
Authors: Dobrovszky K. , Csergő V. , Ronkay Ferenc
Published: February 2015

In order to achieve the desired polymer recycling standards, precise estimations are needed about the composition of the polymer waste streams. The technologies that are currently used for this purpose, such as the infrared spectroscopy and the pyrolysis are neither time nor energy efficient as the processes may take up to hours, moreover the results are usually concluded by only analyzing small fractions of the waste streams. Meanwhile, as the polymer consumption of the world is increasing, the recycling and recovery rates demanded by numerous laws and restrictions are getting higher as well. The aim of this paper is to introduce a new technology that utilizes centrifugal force to separate the different polymer components of a sample in a melted state, containing the most common polymers found in a regular waste stream. After the separation, using the calculation method that is described, the exact ratio of the different materials can be given as well. In order to show the possibilities hidden in this technology, two samples, containing PA/PS/PP and PET/PA/PS/PP respectively, were separated and analyzed. The promising results were verified using optical microscopy as well as Raman spectroscopy.
Formability of High Strength Sheet Metals with Special Regard to the Effect of the Influential Factors on the Forming Limit Diagrams
Authors: Tisza Miklós , Kovács Péter Zoltán , Lukács Zsolt , Kiss Antal , Gál Gaszton
Published: February 2015

Car manufacturing is one of the main target fields of sheet metal forming: thus sheet metal forming is exposed to the same challenges as the automotive industry. The continuously increasing demand on lower consumption and lower CO2 emission means the highest challenges on materials developments besides design and construction. As a general requirement, the weight reduction and light weight construction principles should be mentioned together with the increased safety prescriptions which require the application of high strength steels. However, the application of high strength steels often leads to formability problems. Forming Limit Diagrams (FLD) are the most appropriate tools to characterize the formability of sheet metals. Theoretical and experimental investigations of forming limit diagrams are in the forefront of todays’ research activities.
A Method for the Determination of Ferrite Grains with a Surface Normal close to the (111) Orientation in Cold Rolled Steel Samples with Color Etching and Optical Microscopy
Authors: Bonyár Attila , Szabó Péter J.
Published: February 2015

Cold rolled steel specimens were investigated by color etching. We proved that in this sample ferrite grains with a surface normal close to the (111) orientation are etched with the slowest speed with Beraha-I type color etchant, and that after a sufficient over-etching these specific grains could be distinguished based on this feature. It was demonstrated, that it is possible to stop the color etching in a phase when only grains with (111) orientation show color due to the layer interference, while all the other grains are dull gray due to a thick and transparent layer. This observation was utilized to develop a method to identify and quantify ferrite grains with (111) orientation in cold rolled steel samples with the application of color etching, optical microscopy and digital image post-processing.
Innovative Residual Stress Measurements by X-Ray Diffraction
Authors: Cseh David , Mertinger Valeria , Benke Márton
Published: February 2015

An innovative X-ray diffractometer especially designed for residual stress measurements was deployed at the Institute of Physical Metallurgy, Metalforming and Nanotechnology of the University of Miskolc. The advantages of the equipment over the traditional X-ray diffraction stress measuring methods are presented through our experiences on industrial components with varying sizes, geometries and measurement requirements. The microstructural limitations of the X-ray diffraction based residual stress measurement method are also discussed.
EBSD Sample Preparation: High Energy Ar Ion Milling
Authors: Dankházi Zoltán , Kalácska Szilvia , Baris Adrienn , Varga Gábor , Radi Zsolt , Havancsák Károly
Published: February 2015

Surface quality development on series of metal samples was investigated using a new Ar ion milling apparatus. The surface quality of samples was characterized by the image quality (IQ) parameter of the electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) measurement. Ar ion polishing recipes have provided to prepare a surface appropriate for high quality EBSD mapping. The initial surfaces of samples were roughly grinded and polished. High quality surface smoothness could be achieved during the subsequent Ar ion polishing treatment. The optimal angles of Ar ion incidence and the polishing times were determined for several materials.
Residual Stress in Plain Carbon Steel Induced by Laser Hardening
Authors: Filep A. , Benke Márton , Mertinger Valéria , Buza Gábor
Published: February 2015

Technological residual stresses have great importance in the manufacturing processes and the lifetime of components. The residual stresses formed by quenching can be very diverse because of its multiple sources. Alternative quenching processes such as laser hardening have a great potential for different applications. The direction of heat transfer during laser hardening is the opposite compared to conventional quenching. This further increases the complexity of the developed stress state. The residual stress profile and the microstructure formed by laser hardening treatment are investigated in the present manuscript.
Quality Control Methods of Al2O3 Based Ceramic Injection Molding Raw Materials
Authors: Egész Ádám , Gömze László A.
Published: February 2015

In the illuminant industry, for producing arc tube parts for high intensity discharge lamps the applied method is the ceramic injection molding. The ceramic arc tube parts are made of high purity alumina powder. By producing ceramic parts, one of the most critical step is to optimizing the injection molding process, [1] but first of all we need to know the properties of injection molding raw material, because later the molding process will be optimized for this material, to decrease the amount of cracked ceramics.For producing ceramic arc tube parts (plugs), there are used two different major components for producing injection molding raw material (feedstock): high purity alumina powder as the main component, and an organic paraffin wax as a binder material. It is expressly important to know the material, physical and chemical properties of these components, since mainly these have affect on the homogenity of feedstock, and therefore on the quality of end product. [3]In this research, both of the main components and the moldable raw material was investigated by visual, physical, chemical and thermal methods. As most important and main statement, the researchers found that the dynamic viscosity of the injection molding raw material depends on the used mixer equipment and the applied deformation velocity.Applied analitycal methods were laser granulometry, differential thermal analysis, and rheological analysis.
Laboratory-Scale Simulation of Acid Pickling of Steel Sheets with an Instrument Modeling the Production Line
Authors: Péter László , Sánta Orsolya , Szabados Ottó , Verő Balázs
Published: February 2015

A fully automated laboratory-scale workstation has been constructed for simulating industrial acid pickling processes of steel sheet products. The device built comprises 4 liquid tanks that can be heated up to 80 °C and an arbitrary immersion program can be performed with the sheets to be tested by varying the immersion time and the motion velocity in each tank. The weight loss has been measured for both hot-rolled and cold-rolled specimens as a function of all variable parameters. The weight loss associated with the removal of the oxide layer could be established. The average oxide-related loss was 58 g⋅m-2 and 2 g⋅m-2 for hot-rolled and cold-rolled samples, respectively. It was found that the immersion time is the decisive parameter in the weigh loss measured, while the motion velocity and the temperature of the sample treatment are of secondary importance.