bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Grau de conhecimento dos pacientes com acidente vascular cerebral sobre a patologia
Authors: Oliveira Debora Carvalho de , Cavalcanti Fabrícia Azevêdo da Costa , Passos Jacilda Oliveira dos , Brito Deyvson Paiva de , Sant'Ana Suzane Beatriz Calixto de Lira , Campos Tania Fernandes
Published: September 2017

Introdução: o Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC) representa a terceira causa de morte em vários países e a principal causa de incapacidade física. Objetivo: avaliar o grau de conhecimento dos pacientes com AVC sobre a patologia. Metodologia: o estudo foi do tipo transversal e a amostra foi de conveniência, sendo composta de 53 pacientes crônicos de AVC. Os pacientes foram avaliados através de questionários, observando-se os aspectos sócio-demográficos e clínicos. Quanto ao conhecimento da patologia foi questionado sobre o significado da sigla, os principais sinais e sintomas, os tipos de AVC e as complicações. Os dados foram analisados através do teste Qui-quadrado. Resultados: dos pacientes avaliados 58,5% eram homens, 66% tinham idade superior a 60 anos, 92,5% eram alfabetizados, 88,7% tinham um tempo de lesão maior ou igual a 12 meses, 52,8% tiveram o lado direito afetado e 88,6% apresentaram comprometimento neurológico leve. Além disso, 52,8% dos pacientes não sabia o significado da sigla AVC, 54,8% não conheciam os tipos de AVC, 83% falaram incorretamente um sintoma e 62,2% não sabiam que feridas podem ser complicações da doença. Conclusão: a partir dos resultados encontrados, concluiu-se que os pacientes não tinham conhecimento satisfatório sobre o AVC. Dessa forma, verificou-se a necessidade de implementar políticas públicas que levem à população informações sobre essa patologia. 
Microbiological identification of genes that have resistance to antibiotics in Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Rodrigues de Melo Karina Lohaine , Costa Samara De Alcântara , Janebro Daniele Idalino , Melo Peixoto Maria do Socorro Rocha , De Souza Medeiros Bartolomeu Garcia , Lucena Valeska Silva
Published: September 2017

Introduction: the hospital environment favors the acquisition of antimicrobial resistance, being important the aseptic environment and the control of carriers for reducing these infections. Species of Staphylococcus aureus resistant to antibiotics became a cosmopolitan problem due to its degree of virulence and the association with various diseases. These opportunistic microorganisms are usually found in the nasal cavities witch develop rapidly in the asymptomatic patients and, once reaching the hands, may spread rapidly among those patients who are in a state of immunosuppression. Objetive: therefore, this study aimed to identify the presence of antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the nostrils of health professionals in Campina Grande-PB. Methodology: for this purpose, it was collected 50 samples of nasal health professionals who had clinically healthy, with no sign of staphylococcal infection. Results: it was found that 28 of the 50 samples, or 56% were positive for S. aureus, and 12/28 samples (42.86%) were resistant to oxacillin and is therefore considered MRSA. Conclusion: the high levels of S. aureus among health professionals may contribute to the spread of this pathogen among immunosuppressed patients and, therefore, are necessary and essential preventive measures such as hand hygiene and nasal decolonization of MRSA carriers from those with mupirocin. 
O lúdico na clínica psicanalítica com crianças e adolescentes com constipação intestinal funcional: um estudo prospectivo-qualitativo
Authors: Motta Claúdia Dos Reis , Silva Luciana Rodrigues
Published: September 2017

Introdução: o lúdico, na psicanálise da criança, é uma via de acesso privilegiada do processo de simbolização e apropriação da experiência subjetiva. Objetivo: O objetivo do artigo é discorrer sobre a importância do brincar na clínica psicanalítica com crianças portadoras de constipação intestinal funcional. Fragmentos de seis casos clínicos serão apresentados e discutidos. Metodologia: pesquisa qualitativa de corte transversal com amostra de conveniência composta de nove crianças e um adolescente entre dois e 15 anos de idade, encaminhados pelo ambulatório médico, com diagnóstico de constipação intestinal funcional crônica. Através da análise de estudos de casos, a analista pesquisadora explorou com profundidade as questões psicoafetivas envolvidas no sintoma investigado. As produções lúdicas foram registradas em fotos, analisadas e associadas aos discursos da criança e dos pais. Resultados: das dez famílias do presente estudo, apenas uma não aderiu ao tratamento psicoterápico. Houve remissão do sintoma da constipação intestinal funcional em nove casos. Acima de 70% dos pacientes e famílias apresentaram: fezes endurecidas, traços de rejeição e superproteção maternas, crise no casal ou ex-casal parental, pais que lidam com as fezes como algo sujo e feio, criança com ansiedade, relação de controle mãe e filho, exercício da função paterna frágil, dificuldades na expressão da agressividade pela criança e pela família, e ambiente familiar agressivo. Conclusão: o brincar com argila, massa e tinta torna-se fundamental para que a criança portadora de constipação funcional fale e elabore, em análise, as questões envolvidas na sua relação com as fezes e com a fixação na fase anal.
Escolaridade e queixas auditivas em adolescentes e adultos com diabetes mellitus tipo 1
Authors: Machado Gabriela , Fernandes Luciene , Porto Simone , Andrade Caio Leônidas , Alves Crésio De Aragão Dantas
Published: September 2017

Introdução: estudos indicam que alterações auditivas podem ocorrer em indivíduos com diabetes mellitus tipo 1, apesar de não serem um sintoma típico da doença. A audição é importante para a aprendizagem, comunicação e interação social.  Assim, déficits auditivos podem prejudicar o desempenho escolar e a comunicação de quem os possui. Objetivo: verificar a associação de queixas auditivas em indivíduos com diabetes mellitus tipo 1 com o nível de escolaridade, sexo e idade dos participantes. Método: estudo transversal descritivo e analítico, realizado no Centro de Diabetes e Endocrinologia do Estado da Bahia (CEDEBA), Salvador, no período de 2009 a 2011. Foram selecionados 45 sujeitos com diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus tipo 1 e com queixas auditivas, de ambos os sexos e com idade entre 14 e 51 anos; e 96 indivíduos com diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus tipo 1, sem queixas auditivas, de ambos os sexos e com faixa etária pareada. Resultados: não foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre as variáveis queixa auditiva e sexo (p= 0,49), queixa auditiva e idade (p= 0,25) e queixa auditiva e escolaridade (p= 0,10). Conclusão: o presente estudo sugere ausência de associação entre as variáveis queixa auditiva com idade, sexo e escolaridade. Em estudos futuros seria interessante levar em conta fatores externos e internos que possam influenciar no nível de escolaridade
Diurnal Cycle Variability of Surface Temperature Inferred From AIRS Data
Authors: Ruzmaikin A. , Aumann H. H. , Lee Jae , Susskind Joel
Published: September 2017

The diurnal cycle of the Earth surface temperature is investigated using the daily range of the satellite skin temperature data (DTR) provided by measurements of Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) in 2002–2015. The AIRS is on the Aqua satellite, which is in a polar orbit with two crossing times per day at every location on the Earth. Its measurements from the ascending (day) and descending (night) orbits can serve as a proxy for the diurnal cycle. The spatial pattern of the DTR of the skin temperature and its time variability for 14 years of the AIRS operation allows to evaluate the diurnal cycle change on the decadal time scale. Using the empirical mode decomposition of the data time series, it is found that the DTR of the surface (skin) temperature over the global Earth has a temporal small positive trend in the decade of the AIRS measurements indicating that the day temperatures grew slightly more rapidly than the night temperatures. A possible cause of the observed DTR increase is a decrease of the low cloud fraction at nighttime found for the same time period from the AIRS retrievals.
Tibetan Magmatism Database
Authors: Chapman James B. , Kapp Paul
Published: September 2017

A database containing previously published geochronologic, geochemical, and isotopic data on Mesozoic to Quaternary igneous rocks in the Himalayan‐Tibetan orogenic system are presented. The database is intended to serve as a repository for new and existing igneous rock data and is publicly accessible through a web‐based platform that includes an interactive map and data table interface with search, filtering, and download options. To illustrate the utility of the database, the age, location, and ɛHft composition of magmatism from the central Gangdese batholith in the southern Lhasa terrane are compared. The data identify three high‐flux events, which peak at 93, 50, and 15 Ma. They are characterized by inboard arc migration and a temporal and spatial shift to more evolved isotopic compositions.
Source Spectral Properties of Small to Moderate Earthquakes in Southern Kansas
Authors: Trugman Daniel T. , Dougherty Sara L. , Cochran Elizabeth S. , Shearer Peter M.
Published: September 2017

The source spectral properties of injection‐induced earthquakes give insight into their nucleation, rupture processes, and influence on ground motion. Here we apply a spectral decomposition approach to analyze P wave spectra and estimate Brune‐type stress drop for more than 2,000 ML1.5–5.2 earthquakes occurring in southern Kansas from 2014 to 2016. We find that these earthquakes are characterized by low stress drop values (median ∼0.4 MPa) compared to natural seismicity in California. We observe a significant increase in stress drop as a function of depth, but the shallow depth distribution of these events is not by itself sufficient to explain their lower stress drop. Stress drop increases with magnitude from M1.5 to M3.5, but this scaling trend may weaken above M4 and also depends on the assumed source model. Although we observe a nonstationary, sequence‐specific temporal evolution in stress drop, we find no clear systematic relation with the activity of nearby injection wells.
Synthesis of Composite Nanosheets of Graphene and Boron Nitride and Their Lubrication Application in Oil
Authors: Liu Yuchen , Mateti Srikanth , Li Chao , Liu Xuequan , Glushenkov Alexey M. , Liu Dan , Li Lu Hua , Fabijanic Daniel , Chen Ying
Published: September 2017

Composite nanosheets of graphene and boron nitride have been produced in large quantities for the first time using high‐energy ball milling in ammonia gas as an exfoliation agent. The anti‐wear properties of the composite nanosheets as a lubricant additive are investigated via a four‐ball method. The results show that the composite nanosheets are exfoliated from the commercial graphite and h‐BN powders and combined into graphene/BN composite nanosheets during the ball milling process. The composite nanosheets formed have diameters larger than 200 nm and consist of heterostructures of approximately 10 monolayers of graphene and BN. The composite nanosheets exhibit better wear resistance and friction reduction properties than the homogeneous nanosheets because of the stronger interaction between graphene and BN nanosheets, which can effectively improve the anti‐wear properties of mineral base oil as a lubricant additive.
Multifunctional Mo–N/C@MoS2 Electrocatalysts for HER, OER, ORR, and Zn–Air Batteries
Authors: Amiinu Ibrahim Saana , Pu Zonghua , Liu Xiaobo , Owusu Kwadwo Asare , Monestel Hellen Gabriela Rivera , Boakye Felix Ofori , Zhang Haining , Mu Shichun
Published: September 2017

Replacement of noble‐metal platinum catalysts with cheaper, operationally stable, and highly efficient electrocatalysts holds huge potential for large‐scale implementation of clean energy devices. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and metal dichalcogenides (MDs) offer rich platforms for design of highly active electrocatalysts owing to their flexibility, ultrahigh surface area, hierarchical pore structures, and high catalytic activity. Herein, an advanced electrocatalyst based on a vertically aligned MoS2 nanosheet encapsulated Mo–N/C framework with interfacial Mo–N coupling centers is reported. The hybrid structure exhibits robust multifunctional electrocatalytic activity and stability toward the hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, and oxygen reduction reaction. Interestingly, it further displays high‐performance of Zn–air batteries as a cathode electrocatalyst with a high power density of ≈196.4 mW cm−2 and a voltaic efficiency of ≈63 % at 5 mA cm−2, as well as excellent cycling stability even after 48 h at 25 mA cm−2. Such outstanding electrocatalytic properties stem from the synergistic effect of the distinct chemical composition, the unique three‐phase active sites, and the hierarchical pore framework for fast mass transport. This work is expected to inspire the design of advanced and performance‐oriented MOF/MD hybrid‐based electrocatalysts for wider application in electrochemical energy devices.
Bioinspired Adhesive Hydrogels Tackified by Nucleobases
Authors: Liu Xin , Zhang Qin , Gao Guanghui
Published: September 2017

Bioinspired strategies for designing hydrogels with excellent adhesive performance have drawn much attention in biomedical applications. Here, bioinspired adhesive hydrogels tackified by independent nucleobase (adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil) from DNA and RNA are successfully explored. The nucleobase‐tackified hydrogels exhibit an excellent adhesive behavior for not only various solid substrates (polytetrafluoroethylene, plastics, rubbers, glasses, metals, and woods) but also biological tissues consisting of heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, bone, and muscle. The maximum adhesion strength of A‐, T‐, G‐, C‐, and U‐tackified hydrogels on the aluminum alloy surface is 780, 166, 250, 227, and 433 N m−1, respectively, superior to that of pure PAAm hydrogels (40 N m−1) after adhesive time of 10 min. It is anticipated that bioinspired hydrogels will play a significant role in the applications of wound dressing, medical electrodes, tissue adhesives, and portable equipment. Moreover, the bioinspired nucleobase‐tackified strategy would open a novel avenue for designing the next generation of soft and adhesive materials.
Improved Domain Size and Purity Enables Efficient All‐Small‐Molecule Ternary Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Hao , Wang Xiaohui , Yang Liyan , Zhang Shaoqing , Zhang Yun , He Chang , Ma Wei , Hou Jianhui
Published: September 2017

An all‐small‐molecule ternary solar cell is achieved with a power conversion efficiency of 10.48% by incorporating phenyl‐C71‐butyric‐acid‐methyl ester (PC71BM) into a nonfullerene binary system. The addition of PC71BM is found to modulate the film morphology by improving the domain purity and decreasing the domain size. This modulation facilitates charge generation and suppresses charge recombination, as manifested by the significantly enhanced short‐circuit current density and fill factor. The results correlate the domain characteristics with the device performance and offer new insight from the perspective of morphology modulation for constructing efficient ternary devices.
Transparent, Flexible Cellulose Nanofibril–Phosphorene Hybrid Paper as Triboelectric Nanogenerator
Authors: Cui Peng , Parida Kaushik , Lin Meng‐Fang , Xiong Jiaqing , Cai Guofa , Lee Pooi See
Published: September 2017

Few‐layered phosphorene is exfoliated through a liquid phase exfoliation in ethanol, acting as an additive to mix with tempo‐oxidized cellulose nanofibrils (CNF), forming a transparent, flexible nanogenerator paper. The gas barrier property of CNF protects phosphorene against oxidation in ambient condition. The phosphorene in the hybrid paper is stable over six months even with exposure to ambient condition (23 °C, 70% RH) in air. The hybrid paper is used as an active layer to construct a triboelectric energy nanogenerator (TENG). This hybrid paper shows an open‐circuit voltage of 5.2 V with a current density of 1.8 µA cm−2, which is five and nine times higher than that of the pure CNF paper device, respectively. This work reveals the role of phosphorene in acting as a charge carrier in the hybrid paper and demonstrates a new way to attain stable functional phosphorene hybrids in ambient condition. The resultant phosphorene hybrid paper could be used as a building block for TENG with enhanced output performance.
Oxidation of Crystalline Rubrene Films: Evidence of an Epitaxial Native Oxide Layer
Authors: Raimondo Luisa , Trabattoni Silvia , Moret Massimo , Masciocchi Norberto , Masino Matteo , Sassella Adele
Published: September 2017

Rubrene (RUB) is a benchmark organic semiconductor since the record exciton diffusion length and high charge carrier mobility are demonstrated in its orthorhombic single‐crystal phase. In this respect, great research efforts on the growth and study of crystalline RUB thin films, the most suitable choice for device applications, are made, even though its oxidation remains a still open problem. Here, the oxidation of crystalline RUB thin films is focused, by studying and modeling the so‐formed interface between RUB and its oxide. Optical spectroscopy carried out on freshly grown and aged crystalline RUB films gives evidence that oxidation occurs without altering the original crystal structure of the RUB films. To deeply analyze the process, a direct characterization of rubrene endoperoxide (RUBox) is proposed: after synthesizing a microcrystalline powder, its crystal structure and Raman response are determined. The joint results achieved on the RUBox powder and on aged RUB films demonstrate that RUBox forms as a crystalline native oxide layer with a well‐defined epitaxial interface with the underlying RUB. Finally, structural constraints at the RUBox/RUB interface are shown to limit surface oxidation, with the oxide acting as a passivation layer against further oxidation.
MoS2–Carbon Nanotube Hybrid Material Growth and Gas Sensing
Authors: Deokar Geetanjali , Vancsó Péter , Arenal Raul , Ravaux Florent , Casanova‐Cháfer Juan , Llobet Eduard , Makarova Anna , Vyalikh Denis , Struzzi Claudia , Lambin Philippe , Jouiad Mustapha , Colomer Jean‐Francois
Published: September 2017

Hexagonal‐shaped nanoplates (HNPs) of MoS2 on vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs) over a patterned area (a circular area of 1 cm2 diameter) are produced by chemical vapor deposition technique. With an optimized initial Mo film thickness, a uniform coverage of MoS2 HNPs with a thickness around 20 nm is achieved. The results confirm that the CNT template plays an important role in the MoS2 HNPs growth. Each MoS2 HNP consists of abundant exposed edges, interesting for sensing and catalysis applications. High crystallinity and quality of the as‐produced material are revealed by X‐ray photoelectron and Raman spectroscopies. Furthermore, NO2 gas‐sensing studies show better sensitivity and recovery for MoS2/CNT samples as compared to pristine CNTs. The detection of NO2 gas in a few tens of parts per million to a few hundreds of parts per billion range, at room temperature, is achieved. Density‐functional theory calculation indicates that the exposed edges of MoS2 play a significant role in the NO2 sensing as compared to horizontally aligned MoS2 layers. The present report can promote the research toward the fabrication of efficient and reliable MoS2‐based hybrid materials for toxic gas‐sensing applications for air quality monitoring in various environments.
The palladium‐catalyzed C‐N cross‐coupling reaction of diheteroaryl disulfides with heterocyclic amines
Authors: Liu Ming‐Xia , Zhang Zhang , Quan Zheng‐Jun , Wang Xi‐Cun
Published: September 2017

The Pd‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reaction of 1, 2‐di(pyrimidin‐2‐yl) disulfides with heterocyclic amines including 2‐amino pyrimidines and 1,3,4‐thiadiazol‐2‐amines to deliver symmetrical C‐N coupling products in moderate to good yields is reported. This method provides an opportunity for synthesis of bioactive molecules and pharmaceutically interesting compounds containing heterocycle motifs. The reported protocol shows good functional group compatibility, and provides a new strategy for preparation of C2‐amination pyrimidine derivatives from heterocyclic disulfides.
Reconfiguration and shape memory triggered by heat and light of carbon nanotube–polyurethane vitrimer composites
Authors: Yan Peiyao , Zhao Wei , Jiang Liang , Wu Bo , Hu Kai , Yuan Ye , Lei Jingxin
Published: September 2017

Thermoset shape‐memory polymers (SMPs) are widely applied because of their superiority in maintaining permanent shapes. However, the inferiority of this material is also conspicuous, namely the loss of reprocessing ability owing to the chemically crosslinked structure. Fortunately, a new class of SMPs, known as “vitrimers,” was discovered, which can be reshaped or reprocessed via topological rearrangement due to the existence of dynamic covalent bonds. Thus, this new thermoset SMP could become a novel solution. In this paper, carbon nanotube–polyurethane vitrimer (CNT‐PUV) composites have been prepared, which possess the capability of thermally induced shape memory based on entropy changes and thermal reconfiguration based on transcarbamoylation reactions of carbamate bonds. In addition, the introduction of CNTs endows them with properties of near‐infrared (NIR) triggered shape memory and reconfiguration due to the photothermal conversion effect of CNTs. Besides, due to the character of the NIR laser, step‐by‐step shape recovery of CNT‐PUVs is realized from predefined temporary shapes to a permanent shape. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45784.
Freshwater conservation in a fragmented world: Dealing with barriers in a systematic planning framework
Authors: Hermoso Virgilio , Filipe Ana Filipa , Segurado Pedro , Beja Pedro
Published: September 2017

Disruption of longitudinal connectivity poses one of the most important threats to the persistence of freshwater biodiversity worldwide. Longitudinal connectivity plays a key role by facilitating ecological processes, such as migrations or energy transfer along river networks. For this reason, effective conservation of freshwater biodiversity is highly dependent on a capacity to maintain all processes associated with connectivity. Freshwater protected areas are commonly affected by disruptions of connectivity due to human activities and recent approaches to addressing connectivity when identifying priority areas have overlooked the limitations that human perturbations pose to connectivity.

Here, a novel approach is presented to address this issue by accounting for the spatial distribution of barriers using Marxan, a tool commonly applied in conservation planning. This approach was first tested on a simulated example and then applied to the identification of priority areas for the conservation of freshwater vertebrates in the Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal).

When using this new approach, the number of disrupted connections within priority areas can be significantly reduced at no additional cost in terms of area needed, which would help maintain connectivity among populations of species with low–medium migratory needs.

Given the widespread occurrence of barriers in the study region, the improvement in connectivity within priority areas also resulted in the selection of river reaches closer to the headwaters and the river mouth. Focusing on both extremes of the longitudinal gradient might compromise the effectiveness of conservation efforts for long‐distance migratory species, such as the European eel. This inevitably means that additional management measures, such as barrier removal or construction of fish passages, would be necessary to ensure that these species are able to complete their life cycles.

The method demonstrated here could be applied to other regions where connectivity is compromised.
Lone Star Governance
Authors: Crabill A. J.
Published: September 2017

A J. Crabill is Deputy Commissioner of Governance at the Texas Education Agency and a former Kansas City Public Schools (KCPS) board member and board chair from 2010 to 2014. In all his work, he has been inspired by Policy Governance® and is now bringing his wisdom and experience to Texas and the local evolution of a framework that has been christened “Lone Star Governance.”
Vascular branches from cutaneous nerve of the forearm and hand: Application to better understanding raynaud's disease
Authors: Umemoto K. , Ohmichi M. , Ohmichi Y. , Yakura T. , Hammer N. , Mizuno D. , Naito M. , Nakano T.
Published: September 2017

Cutaneous nerves have branches called vascular branches (VBs) that reach arteries. VBs are thought to be involved in arterial constriction, and this is the rationale for periarterial sympathectomy as a treatment option for Raynaud's disease. However, the branching patterns and distribution areas of the VBs remain largely unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the anatomical structures of the VBs of the cutaneous nerves. Forty hands and forearms were examined to assess the branching patterns and distribution areas of the VBs of the superficial branch of the radial nerve (SBRN), the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve (LACN), the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve (MACN), and the palmar cutaneous branch of the ulnar nerve (PCUN). VBs reaching the radial and ulnar arteries were observed in all specimens. The branching patterns were classified into six types. The mean distance between the radial styloid process and the point where the VBs reached the radial artery was 34.3 ± 4.8 mm in the SBRN and 38.5 ± 15.8 mm in the LACN. The mean distance between the ulnar styloid process and the point where the VBs reached the ulnar artery was 60.3 ± 25.9 mm in the MACN and 43.8 ± 26.0 mm in the PCUN. This study showed that the VBs of the cutaneous nerves have diverse branching patterns. The VBs of the SBRN had a more limited distribution areas than those of the other nerves. Clin. Anat. 31:734–741, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Most nonmedical users of Rx drugs started with medical use, use them for pain relief: Study
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: September 2017

Both medical and nonmedical (misuse or abuse) use of prescription opioids have been declining among adolescents, according to a study published in the April 2017 issue of Pediatrics. However, prescription opioid exposure is still common, with adolescents who reported both medical and nonmedical use more likely to have started with medical use. Medical use of prescription opioids among teens peaked in 1989 and 2002 and stayed level until a decline that began in 2013.
Aripiprazole may be beneficial for patients at risk for bipolar disorder
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: September 2017

Aripiprazole, which is approved for schizophrenia (ages 13–17) and acute manic or mixed episodes associated with bipolar I (10–17 years) in pediatric patients, might help children with spontaneous episodes of elevated mood and/or irritability who are at high genetic risk for bipolar disorder due to genetics, according to a randomized controlled trial (RCT).
Pilot study finds XR guanfacine not effective for tic disorders
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: September 2017

Extended‐release guanfacine is not effective in the treatment of chronic tic disorders, including Tourette's disorder, according to a randomized controlled trial. The study, conducted by Tanya K. Murphy, M.D., and colleagues, was meant to evaluate the tolerability, safety, and preliminary effectiveness of the medication.
Nanodiamond‐Core‐Reinforced, Graphene‐Shell‐Immobilized Platinum Nanoparticles as a Highly Active Catalyst for the Low‐Temperature Dehydrogenation of n‐Butane
Authors: Zhang Jiayun , Cai Xiangbin , Wu Kuang‐Hsu , Zhang Yajie , Wang Jia , Diao Jiangyong , Wang Ning , Liu Hongyang , Su Dangsheng
Published: September 2017

Pt nanoparticles (NPs) immobilized on a core–shell hybrid carbon support allow the efficient direct dehydrogenation of n‐butane at low temperatures. The hybrid carbon support is composed of a nanodiamond core and a reinforced ultrathin graphene shell (ND@G), which improves the stability of the anchored Pt NPs against sintering under the reaction conditions. The as‐prepared Pt/ND@G catalyst demonstrates excellent catalytic performance (≈25 % conversion with >95 % selectivity toward olefins) at 450 °C for over 10 h as a result of strong metal–support interactions. The catalyst can also be fully regenerated by postoxidative thermal treatment.
One‐pot synthesis of (R)‐1‐(pyridin‐4‐yl)ethyl acetate using tandem catalyst prepared by co‐immobilization of palladium and lipase on mesoporous foam: Optimization and kinetic modeling
Authors: Magadum Deepali B. , Yadav Ganapati D.
Published: September 2017

The synthesis of (R)‐1‐(pyridin‐4‐yl)ethyl acetate was achieved over tandem palladium‐lipase catalyst with 100% selectivity using 4‐acetyl pyridine as a reactant. The 2% w/w palladium and lipase catalyst was successfully co‐immobilized in the microenvironment of the mesocellular foam and characterized by various techniques. The palladium metal from catalyst hydrogenated 4‐acetyl pyridine to form 1‐(pyridin‐4‐yl)ethanol. The generated intermediate product then underwent kinetic resolution over lipase and selectively gave (R)‐1‐(pyridin‐4‐ yl)ethyl acetate. The catalytic conditions were then studied for optimal performance of both steps. The reaction conditions were optimized to 50 °C and toluene as a solvent. Both chemical and enzymatic kinetic models of the reaction were developed for a given set of reaction conditions and kinetic parameters were predicted. At optimal conditions, the obtained selectivity of intermediate (1‐(pyridin‐4‐yl)ethanol) was 51.38%. The final product yield of ((R)‐1‐(pyridin‐4‐yl)ethyl acetate) was 48.62%.
Cover Picture: Nickel‐Catalyzed Cross‐Electrophile Coupling of Aryl Bromides with Pyrimidin‐2‐yl Tosylates (Chin. J. Chem. 9/2017)
Authors: Gong Chunyu , Huo Congde , Wang Xicun , Quan Zhengjun
Published: September 2017

The cover picture shows a new protocol for the NiCl2‐catalyzed cross‐electrophile coupling of aryl bromides with pyrimidin‐2‐yl tosylates to give the corresponding C2‐arylation pyrimidine derivatives. This study provides an improvement over previous methods by using pyrimidin‐2‐yl tosylates instead of halides as coupling partners that are stable and easily available. More details are discussed in the article by Wang et al. on page 1366–1370.

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Lustre Lockahead: Early experience and performance using optimized locking
Authors: Moore Michael , Farrell Patrick , Cernohous Bob
Published: September 2017

Recent Cray‐authored Lustre modifications known as Lustre Lockahead show significantly improved write performance for collective, shared‐file I/O workloads. Initial tests show write performance improvements of more than 200% for small transfer sizes and over 100% for larger transfer sizes compared to traditional Lustre locking. Standard Lustre shared‐file locking mechanisms limit scaling of shared‐file I/O performance on modern high‐performance Lustre servers. The new Lockahead feature provides a mechanism for applications (or libraries) with knowledge of their I/O patterns to overcome this limitation by explicitly requesting locks. MPI‐IO is able to use this feature to dramatically improve shared‐file collective I/O performance, achieving more than 80% of file per process performance. This paper discusses our early experience using Lockahead with applications. We also present application and synthetic performance results and discuss performance considerations for applications that benefit from Lockahead.
Therapeutic alliance in psychological therapy for people with schizophrenia and related psychoses: A systematic review
Authors: Shattock Lucy , Berry Katherine , Degnan Amy , Edge Dawn
Published: September 2017

Therapeutic alliance is a key predictor of therapy outcomes. Alliance may be particularly pertinent for people with schizophrenia as this group often have a history of interpersonal trauma and relationship difficulties including difficult relationships with mental health staff. This review aimed to determine (a) the quality of therapeutic alliance between people with schizophrenia and their therapists; (b) whether alliance predicts therapeutic outcomes; and (c) variables associated with alliance. Databases were searched from inception up to April 2015. The search yielded 4,586 articles, resulting in 26 eligible studies, involving 18 independent samples. Weighted average client and therapist Working Alliance Inventory‐Short Form total scores were 64.51 and 61.26, respectively. There was evidence that alliance predicts overall psychotic symptomatic outcomes and preliminary evidence for alliance predicting rehospitalization, medication use, and self‐esteem outcomes. There was evidence for specific client‐related factors being linked to different perspectives of alliance. For example, poorer insight and previous sexual abuse were associated with worse client‐rated alliance, whereas baseline negative symptoms were associated with worse therapist‐rated alliance. Therapist and therapy‐related factors, including therapists' genuineness, trustworthiness, and empathy were associated with better client‐rated alliance, whereas suitability for therapy, homework compliance, and attendance were associated with better therapist‐rated alliance. Key clinical implications include the need to consider alliance from both client and therapist perspectives during therapy and training and supervision to enhance therapist qualities that foster good alliance. Future research requires longitudinal studies with larger samples that include pan‐theoretical, well‐validated alliance measures to determine causal predictor variables.
Fluctuations in alliance and use of techniques over time: A bidirectional relation between use of “common factors” techniques and the development of the working alliance
Authors: Solomonov Nili , McCarthy Kevin S. , Keefe John R. , Gorman Bernard S. , Blanchard Mark , Barber Jacques P.
Published: September 2017

Objective

The aim of this study was twofold: (a) Investigate whether therapists are consistent in their use of therapeutic techniques throughout supportive–expressive therapy (SET) and (b) Examine the bi‐directional relation between therapists' use of therapeutic techniques and the working alliance over the course of SET.

Method

Thirty‐seven depressed patients were assigned to 16 weeks of SET as part of a larger randomized clinical trial (Barber, Barrett, Gallop, Rynn, & Rickels, ). Working Alliance Inventory‐Short Form (WAI‐SF) was collected at Weeks 2, 4, and 8. Use of therapeutic interventions was rated by independent observers using the Multitheoretical List of Therapeutic Interventions (MULTI). Intraclass correlation coefficients assessed therapists' consistency in use of techniques. A cross‐lagged path analysis estimated the working alliance inventory‐ Multitheoretical List of Therapeutic Interventions bidirectional relation across time.

Results

Therapists were moderately consistent in their use of prescribed techniques (psychodynamic, process‐experiential, and person‐centred). However, they were inconsistent, or more flexible, in their use of “common factors” techniques (e.g., empathy, active listening, hope, and encouragements). A positive bidirectional relation was found between use of common factors techniques and the working alliance, such that initial high levels of common factors (but not prescribed) techniques predicted higher alliance later on and vice versa.

Conclusion

Therapists tend to modulate their use of common factors techniques across treatment. Additionally, when a strong working alliance is developed early in treatment, therapists tend to use more common factors later on. Moreover, high use of common factors techniques is predictive of later improvement in the alliance.
Structural Effect of the Pendant Unit in Thiocyanate‐Free RuII Sensitizers on the Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cell Performance
Authors: Tamura Rei , Kono Takahiro , Mori Shogo , Kimura Mutsumi
Published: September 2017

A combination of Ru complex sensitizers and Co complex redox couples for dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) generally results in low power conversion efficiency. This has been suggested to be from undesired electron transfer due to strong intermolecular interactions between the dye and the redox couple. To retard the interactions, two thiocyanate‐free ruthenium (Ru) sensitizers were synthesized with a terpyridine attached that has a triphenylamine (TPA) unit with branched alkoxy chains. The main difference between the two dyes is the angle of the three phenyl rings in the TPA unit. The DSSCs using both the new dyes show higher short‐circuit currents and open‐circuit voltages in comparison with those using a Ru complex dye with nonbranched alkyl chains. The Ru sensitizer with a more twisted TPA unit displays relatively high power conversion efficiency without coadsorption of chenodeoxycholic acid, suggesting less intermolecular interaction among dyes and thus also with Co complex redox couples.
A Bis‐Binuclear NiII Complex with Easy and Hard Axes of Magnetization: Complementary Experimental and Theoretical Insights
Authors: El‐Khatib Fatima , Cahier Benjamin , López‐Jordà Maurici , Guillot Régis , Rivière Eric , Hafez Hala , Saad Zeinab , Guihéry Nathalie , Mallah Talal
Published: September 2017

The preparation of a tetranuclear NiII complex, constructed of two binuclear species each containing a macrocyclic cryptand‐like ligand and bridged by a nitrate anion, is reported. The metal ions within the binuclear species are hexacoordinate with different distorted environments. One nickel site, Ni1, has as a compressed octahedral geometry, whereas the other nickel site, Ni2, has a geometry closer to a square pyramid due to the presence of a long metal–ligand bond length. A study of the magnetic properties showed that the intradimer exchange coupling is larger than the interdimer coupling due to differences in the metal–ligand intra‐ and interdimer bond lengths, as confirmed by broken‐symmetry DFT calculations. Wave‐function‐based calculations allowed analysis of both the nature and the magnitude of the magnetic anisotropy of the two Ni sites. The Ni1 and Ni2 sites have, respectively, easy and hard axes of magnetization that are almost orthogonal. Magnetostructural correlations showed that the hard axis of magnetization of Ni2 is due to its geometry, which is closer to square‐pyramidal despite the hexacoordination. On the other hand, the easy axis of magnetization of the Ni1 site is a result of the compressed octahedral geometry.
Surface sedimentation and adherence of Nano‐SiO2 to improve thermal stability and flame resistance of melamine‐formaldehyde foam via sol‐gel method
Authors: Shi Yan , Wang Ning , Liu Li , Liu Yuan
Published: September 2017

Melamine‐formaldehyde foam possesses intrinsic flame retardance; however, relative poor thermal stability and a certain amount of heat release rate restrict its applications in heated environment to a degree. In the present research, sol‐gel method has been adopted to precipitate nano‐SiO2 particles on the surface of the melamine‐formaldehyde foam's fibers to construct a protective inorganic gel layer. Taking advantages of the shielding effects of the gel layer, the thermal‐oxygen degradation of the foam can be greatly retarded during heating; hence, the thermal stability is remarkably improved, and the flame retardance is further enhanced. In addition, introducing a small amount of membrane‐forming agent in the sol‐gel system can make the depositional nano‐SiO2 particles well adhered to avoid dusting.
The intumescent flame‐retardant biocomposites of poly(lactic acid) containing surface‐coated ammonium polyphosphate and distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGS)
Authors: Shi Xiaowei , Ju Yaqing , Zhang Mi , Wang Xinlong
Published: September 2017

This work aims to develop the poly(lactic acid) (PLA) biocomposites with high flame‐retardant performance, which can be applied in electronic and electrical devices as well as automotive parts. First, an intumescent flame retardant composed of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) as the acid source and the blowing agent, and the distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGS) as the natural charring agent was designed. The surfaces of DDGS and APP were coated by degradable polymeric flame‐retardant resorcinol di(phenyl phosphate) (RDP), and the coating effects were analyzed. And then the flame‐retardant biocomposites of PLA with RDP‐coated DDGS (C‐DDGS) and RDP‐coated APP (C‐APP) were prepared. The limited oxygen index value of the biocomposites with loading of 15 wt% C‐DDGS and 15 wt% C‐APP reached 32.0%, and UL‐94 V‐0 was attained. The biocomposites also had good mechanical properties and the tensile strength of this sample reached about 57 MPa. Finally, the char residues after burning were analyzed and the flame‐retardant mechanism was discussed.
Field Assisted Sintering Technology, Part II: Simulation
Authors: Rothe Steffen , Hartmann Stefan
Published: September 2017

Field‐assisted sintering technology (FAST) implies a multifield problem between electrical, thermal and mechanical fields. Based on a constitutive model proposed in [1], the numerical treatment of the three‐field problem in a monolithic finite element framework is discussed. Apart from algorithmic considerations, numerical simulations are performed treating the complex contact problem, large deformations and the multifield issues themselves. This is combined with a PID‐controller, which is required when the temperature process is given at specific positions in the graphite tool system and the electrical current is uncertain. The numerical simulations are validated by real experiments.
A systematic review of non‐pharmacological treatments for apathy in dementia
Authors: Theleritis Christos , Siarkos Kostas , Politis Anastasios A. , Katirtzoglou Everina , Politis Antonios
Published: September 2017

Objective

Apathy is one of the most frequent neuropsychiatric symptoms encountered in dementia. Early diagnosis and timely treatment of apathy in dementia are crucial because apathy has been associated with poor disease outcome, reduced daily functioning, and caregiver distress.

Design

Extensive electronic search from the databases included in the National Library of Medicine as well as PsychInfo and Google Scholar for studies which have investigated the effect of non‐pharmacological treatments of apathy in dementia. Quality of the studies was appraised.

Results

A total of 1303 records were identified and 120 full‐texts assessed. Forty‐three unique studies were reviewed. A variety of interventions were found to be effective in reducing apathy in demented patients, particularly when provided in a multidisciplinary manner. However, quantification of the effect was limited by the marked methodological heterogeneity of the studies and the small number of studies where apathy was the primary outcome measure.

Conclusions

Treatment of apathy in dementia is a complex and underexplored field. Certain studies suggest promise for a variety of non‐pharmacological interventions. Standardized and systematic efforts primarily focusing on apathy may establish a benefit from individualized treatments for specific disease groups.
Association between anxious symptoms and sleeping medication use among US older adults
Authors: Harris Daniel , McNicoll Lynn , Epstein‐Lubow Gary , Thomas Kali S.
Published: September 2017

Objective

To investigate the relationship between anxiety symptoms and sleeping medication use among a nationally representative sample of US older adults.

Design

Cross‐sectional design using data from the 2011 National Health and Aging Trends Study to examine the relationship between anxiety symptoms as rated by the Generalized Anxiety Disorder‐2 and self‐reported sleeping medication use. Survey weights were applied to account for complex survey design. Logistic regression was used to measure the association between anxiety symptoms and sleeping medication use after adjusting for sociodemographic factors, physical health, and other sleep‐related issues.

Results

In 2011, 13.1% of respondents experienced high anxiety symptoms and 29.0% reported taking a sleeping medication at least once a week during the last 30 days. Results estimate that approximately 4 million US older adults have clinically significant anxiety symptoms and approximately 10 million US older adults used a sleeping medication in the last 30 days. Adjusted results revealed that high anxiety symptoms are significantly associated with sleeping medication use compared to low anxiety symptoms (AOR = 1.57; 95% CI, 1.29‐1.91). Depression symptoms were also associated with sleeping medication (AOR = 1.29; 95% CI, 1.08‐1.55).

Conclusions

Results demonstrated that anxiety symptoms are significantly associated with sleeping medication use among US older adults. We also found that depressive symptoms, chronic conditions, and worse self‐rated health are associated with sleeping medication use. As sleeping medications are associated with adverse health events, these results have clinical implications for treating anxiety symptoms among older patients.
Optimal compensation rule under provider adverse selection and moral hazard
Authors: Wu Yaping , Chen Yijuan , Li Sanxi
Published: September 2017

Although healthcare provider payments have been studied extensively in the literature, little is known about the optimal compensation rule when, in addition to unobservable provider effort (moral hazard), the provider's ability type is also private information (adverse selection). We find that when only provider effort is unobservable, to induce the first‐best outcome the optimal compensation rule requires zero fee‐for‐service. When both provider moral hazard and adverse selection exist, the first‐best outcome will be infeasible. The second‐best compensation rule entails combined use of capitation, fee‐for‐service, and pay‐for‐performance.
Chronic liver injury alters driver mutation profiles in hepatocellular carcinoma in mice
Authors: Riordan Jesse D. , Feddersen Charlotte R. , Tschida Barbara R. , Beckmann Pauline J. , Keng Vincent W. , Linden Michael A. , Amin Khalid , Stipp Christopher S. , Largaespada David A. , Dupuy Adam J.
Published: September 2017

Most hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) develop in a chronically injured liver, yet the extent to which this microenvironment promotes neoplastic transformation or influences selective pressures for genetic drivers of HCC remains unclear. We sought to determine the impact of hepatic injury in an established mouse model of HCC induced by Sleeping Beauty transposon mutagenesis. Chemically induced chronic liver injury dramatically increased tumor penetrance and significantly altered driver mutation profiles, likely reflecting distinct selective pressures. In addition to established human HCC genes and pathways, we identified several injury‐associated candidates that represent promising loci for further study. Among them, we found that FIGN is overexpressed in human HCC and promotes hepatocyte invasion. We also validated Gli2's oncogenic potential in vivo, providing direct evidence that Hedgehog signaling can drive liver tumorigenesis in the context of chronic injury. Finally, we show that a subset of injury‐associated candidate genes identifies two distinct classes of human HCCs. Further analysis of these two subclasses revealed significant trends among common molecular classification schemes of HCC. The genes and mechanisms identified here provide functional insights into the origin of HCC in a chronic liver damage environment. Conclusion: A chronically damaged liver microenvironment influences the genetic mechanisms that drive hepatocarcinogenesis. (Hepatology 2018;67:924–939)