bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efeito do jateamento de partículas na resistência de união e comportamento mecânico de cerâmicas à base de zircônia - revisão
Authors: Mosele J. C. , Borba M.
Published: July 2014

As cerâmicas ácido-resistentes como a zircônia tetragonal parcialmente estabilizada com ítria (Y-TZP), podem ter melhorada sua resistência de união ao cimento resinoso por meio de abrasão por jateamento de partículas. Entretanto, não existe uma padronização dos parâmetros utilizados nesse jateamento, o que pode afetar negativamente o comportamento mecânico da Y-TZP. O objetivo deste estudo foi buscar, através de uma revisão da literatura, quais são os protocolos de jateamento utilizados e qual protocolo resulta em melhores valores de resistência de união ao cimento resinoso e menor degradação das propriedades mecânicas da Y-TZP. A estratégia de pesquisa envolveu uma busca de artigos na base de dados online Medline/Pubmed, de 2003 a 2013, utilizando as palavras chaves: zircônia, adesão, jateamento e resistência mecânica (zirconia, bond strength, sandblasting, and mechanical strength). Foram selecionados vinte e cinco artigos, que estavam de acordo com os critérios de inclusão. O tamanho de partícula mais utilizado foi de 50 µm para partículas de óxido de alumínio e de 110 µm para as partículas de óxido de alumínio modificadas por sílica. Segundo os estudos, o tamanho de partícula e o tempo de jateamento não influenciam os valores de resistência de união. Entretanto, o maior tamanho e o tipo de partícula (óxido de alumínio) afetam negativamente a resistência mecânica da Y-TZP. Ainda existem controvérsias a respeito do efeito da pressão na resistência de união e na resistência mecânica da Y-TZP. O uso de pressões muito baixas pode afetar os valores de adesão. A distância entre a ponta jateadora e a superfície cerâmica e o tempo variou entre 7 a 30 mm e 5 a 90 s, respectivamente. Pôde-se concluir que alguns parâmetros do protocolo de jateamento ainda não estão bem definidos. Mesmo assim, os resultados dos estudos parecem corroborar a recomendação do uso de partículas pequenas e pressões baixas para alcançar o melhor resultado de adesão sem comprometer a resistência mecânica do material.
Prensa isostática de vasos gêmeos: projeto
Authors: Fortulan C. A. , Pedroso M. P. G. , Penazzi L. A. , Purquerio B. M.
Published: July 2014

O projeto e a fabricação de uma prensa isostática wetbag com dois vasos de diferentes capacidades volumétricas são apresentados. A prensa isostática, amplamente utilizada na conformação de cerâmicas técnicas desde o início do século passado ainda representa importante equipamento laboratorial, onde são requeridas pressões de até 500 MPa. As maiores dificuldades dos usuários destes equipamentos estão na operação e manutenção. Este trabalho apresenta o projeto de uma prensa com dois diferentes vasos em termos de capacidade volumétrica, assim, em função das dimensões das amostras em processo é possível realizar a seleção apropriada de um vaso ou dos dois vasos simultaneamente. Foi escolhida a pressão hidrostática de 210 MPa e projetados dois vasos de diâmetros internos de 95 mm e 55 mm com fechamentos da tampa por clover leaf e por rosca, respectivamente. O resultado obtido é um equipamento compacto, seguro, econômico e de manutenção otimizada, que acelera o processo e a produção de corpos de prova.
Síntese e caracterização de vermiculita mesoporosa obtida por modificação com sais complexos de alumínio e lantânio
Authors: Fernandes M. V. S. , Silva L. R. D. da
Published: July 2014

Os estudos de aumento do espaçamento interplanar basal, distribuição de poros e área superficial de uma argila mesoporosa obtida a partir de vermiculita precursora, foram realizados por intercalação de oligômero poli-hidroxi catiônico Al13 e um misto (La xAl13-x) obtido por dopagem com lantânio, seguida de calcinação para formação dos pilares. As caracterizações das amostras foram feitas por difração de raios X, espectroscopia Mössbauer, ressonância magnética nuclear do estado sólido (27Al MAS-NMR) e isotermas de N2 (BET). A presença de lantânio na estrutura da vermiculita resultou no aumento de sua área e de porosidade.
Avaliação da potencialidade de argilas da formação geológica Calumbi e Riachuelo em Sergipe para aplicação em revestimento cerâmico
Authors: Goes J. R. , Azevedo T. F. , Dutra T. X. C. , Santos V. B. , Severo Junior J. B. , Barreto L. S.
Published: July 2014

As argilas são os materiais mais importantes do ponto de vista tecnológico para fabricação de materiais cerâmicos. A sua composição química e mineralógica influencia fortemente as propriedades físicas e químicas que se deseja obter no produto acabado de cerâmica. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a potencialidade de argilas da formação geológica Calumbi e Riachuelo do estado de Sergipe para aplicação em revestimento cerâmico. Foram coletadas amostras de 3 depósitos argilosos (A, B e C) e caracterizadas por ensaios de granulometria, plasticidade, difração de raios X, análises termogravimétrica e diferencial, infravermelho e fluorescência de raios X. As principais fases identificadas foram quartzo, caulinita, ilita, calcita e feldspatos, sendo que os depósitos B e C apresentaram elevados teores de calcita. Constatou-se que para as condições do processamento cerâmico adotadas as argilas dos depósitos A e B devidamente misturadas são adequadas para serem utilizadas na indústria de processamento de pisos cerâmicos, em especial para a obtenção da classificação do grupo cerâmico BIII.
Corrosão de refratários utilizados na siderurgia. Parte IV: Caracterização de refratários post mortem
Authors: Bragança S. R.
Published: July 2014

Neste trabalho foi realizada uma revisão dos principais aspectos encontrados na literatura especializada sobre corrosão de refratários, avaliando-se a viabilidade de determinados ensaios e relacionando-se com resultados experimentais. Refratários magnésia-carbono e doloma-carbono post mortem foram caracterizados quanto às suas propriedades microestruturais, avaliando-se essas em relação ao mecanismo de corrosão. Foram investigados os tijolos refratários utilizados como revestimento da linha de escória em uma panela de aço. A análise post mortem mostra a interface de reação entre as superfícies de corrosão e do refratário íntegro, as fases formadas, como produtos da corrosão, a perda de carbono e a infiltração de escória na matriz do refratário. Em face dessa análise, é possível se compreender o mecanismo de corrosão. Aliando-se esse conhecimento com a prática operacional, pode-se estabelecer critérios para a seleção de refratários com maior vida útil. A caracterização de um tijolo novo que apresentou recorde em sua utilização mostra as características desejáveis em um refratário.
Síntese por reação por combustão de nanopós de hexaferrita de estrôncio dopada com cromo
Authors: Castro W. S. , Corrêa R. R. , Oliveira A. J. A. de , Kiminami R. H. G. A.
Published: July 2014

Nanopós de hexaferrita de estrôncio dopadas com cromo foram sintetizadas por reação por combustão. A influência do Cr3+ nas proporções de x = 0, 0,2, 0,3 e 0,4 no sistema SrCr xFe12-xO19 foi investigada. Os pós foram preparados de acordo com o conceito da química dos propelentes, aquecidos em placa convencional. Os pós sintetizados foram caracterizados por difratometria de raios X, microscopia eletrônica de varredura e medidas magnéticas. Os resultados mostraram que foi possível obter nanopós de hexaferrita de estrôncio dopada com cromo, que a presença da fase secundária (SrFe2O5) diminui com o aumento da adição de cromo, e que a proporção de x = 0,4 de cromo favoreceu o aumento da magnetização de saturação.
Influência do lantânio nas propriedades estruturais do SrSnO3
Authors: Cassia-Santos M. R. , Mendes S. B. , Gurgel M. F. C. , Figueiredo A. T. , Godinho Jr. M. , Braz C. E. M. , Longo E.
Published: July 2014

Os estanatos com estrutura perovskita têm apresentado propriedades promissoras à sua utilização como cerâmica eletrônica do tipo: sensores, catalisadores e mais recentemente, fotoluminescente. Neste trabalho foi analisado o estudo do efeito do lantânio nas propriedades estruturais do estanato de estrôncio e a avaliação como sistema fotoluminescente. Os pós de La xSr1-xSnO3 foram sintetizados pelo método do precursor polimérico e tratados termicamente a 600, 800 e 1000 ºC por 4 h. Os sistemas foram caracterizados por análise térmica, difração de raios X, análise de área de superfície específica, espectroscopia no UV-Visível, no infravermelho, microscopia eletrônica de varredura e medidas fotoluminescentes. A partir dos resultados de difração de raios X observa-se a formação de um sistema cristalino monofásico com estrutura perovskita cúbica, tanto em função da temperatura de calcinação como para as adições de lantânio (1, 5 e 10% em mol). Apesar da adição de lantânio no SrSnO3, a estrutura perovskita se mantém estável. O tamanho de cristalito diminui com a adição de lantânio, o que indica que o lantânio pode estar agindo como possível inibidor de crescimento de partícula e, conseqüentemente, diminuindo o tamanho de cristalito. Os resultados de área de superfície especifica mostram que a adição de lantânio favorece, de forma geral, a formação de sólidos com maior área. Os valores de "gap" óptico obtidos pela teoria de Tauc estão entre 3,81 e 3,98 eV, apresentando um aumento gradativo em função da adição de lantânio. Os pós tratados a 600 ºC com 1% em mol de lantânio são os que apresentam maior intensidade de emissão fotoluminescente.
Effect of high-energy ball milling in the structural and textural properties of kaolinite
Authors: Leonel E. C. , Nassar E. J. , Ciuffi K. J. , Reis M. J. dos , Calefi P. S.
Published: July 2014

Through the process of high-energy ball milling it is possible to obtain solid materials with higher surface area and different particle sizes. These characteristics are very important for some application such as adsorption. Besides, applications of some clays depend on the functionalization which, for kaolinite, takes place in the aluminol groups. Modification in the structural and textural properties of kaolinite by high-energy milling can improve functionalization of kaolinite due to the exposure of aluminol groups. In this work studies were done on the influence of high-energy ball milling on the morphological properties of kaolinite, taking into account parameters such as filling of the miller, number of balls and amount of mass to be milled. Moreover, studies involving milling kinetics of purified kaolinite were carried out to verify modification in the morphology of kaolinite with milling time.
Effect of volcanic tuff on the characteristics of cement mortar
Authors: Al-Zou'by Jehad , Al-Zboon Kamel K.
Published: July 2014

This paper examines how Jordanian volcanic tuff aggregates affect the characteristics of cement mortar. Five mortar mixes were prepared by replacing normal aggregate (standard sand) with volcanic tuff aggregate in ratios of 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% (M1 to M5, respectively). Compressive strength, flexural strength, and unit weight were tested at mortar ages of 3, 7, 28, and 56 days. The results revealed improved compressive and flexural strength, which were maximal for the M3 sample. Unit weight decreased as the ratio of volcanic tuff increased. Based on these results, adding Jordanian volcanic tuff in the appropriate ratio will improve these mortar characteristics.
Avaliação das propriedades tecnológicas de cerâmica vermelha incorporada com resíduo de rocha ornamental proveniente do tear de fio diamantado
Authors: Taguchi S. P. , Santos J. C. , Gomes T. M. , Cunha N. A.
Published: July 2014

O aumento expressivo na produção e consumo de rochas ornamentais tem causado impactos ambientais indesejáveis. No processo de serragem dos blocos são gerados resíduos na forma de lama, que quando seca torna-se um resíduo sólido não biodegradável. Estes resíduos apresentam alguns constituintes em sua composição similares aos normalmente apresentados na massa argilosa utilizada na fabricação de produtos de cerâmica vermelha. O presente trabalho pretende avaliar as propriedades tecnológicas da cerâmica vermelha incorporada com resíduo de rochas ornamentais proveniente do tear de fio diamantado. Foram preparadas cinco composições argilosas contendo 0, 20, 40, 60 e 80% de resíduo de rocha ornamental. Os corpos de prova foram conformados por prensagem uniaxial com dimensões aproximadamente de 110 x 25 x 10 mm³. Foram investigadas as seguintes condições de sinterização: 900 ºC/1 h e 2 h, 1000 ºC/1 h e 2 h e 1100 ºC/1 h e 2 h. As amostras de cerâmica vermelha sinterizadas foram submetidas a ensaios de absorção de água, densidade aparente e tensão de ruptura à flexão. A estatística de Weibull foi usada para analisar a reprodutibilidade e confiabilidade do ensaio de resistência mecânica. Os resultados mostraram que a condição de sinterização mais favorável foi de 1100 ºC/1 h e a fração de 60% (m/m) de resíduo de rocha ornamental na argila pura é a maior sem prejudicar a qualidade técnica do produto final. Ainda, a destinação do resíduo de rocha ornamental para fabricação de cerâmica vermelha minimiza o impacto ambiental que o mesmo provoca no meio ambiente.
Revisão: fundamentos e materiais para o projeto da microestrutura de isolantes térmicos refratários de alto desempenho
Authors: Vivaldini D. O. , Mourão A. A. C. , Salvini V. R. , Pandolfelli V. C.
Published: July 2014

A eficiência energética de isolantes térmicos cerâmicos que são utilizados em altas temperaturas é definida pela condutividade térmica (K) do material. Os mecanismos básicos de transferência de calor, que são a condução, a radiação e a convecção são neste texto relacionados com os principais parâmetros microestruturais de interesse visando à obtenção de isolantes térmicos com valores de condutividade térmica adequados para o uso em uma ampla faixa de temperatura. Pôde-se concluir que a condutividade térmica de cerâmicas porosas é função da composição e microestrutura da porção sólida do material. Além disso, a porosidade total e o tamanho de poros são variáveis fundamentais, sendo que quanto maior a fração volumétrica de poros menor a condutividade térmica. Mostrou-se que poros com tamanho entre 0,5 e 4 µm são os mais eficazes para a redução de K, devido à menor permeabilidade e elevada capacidade de espalhamento conferida à microestrutura. Também foi possível concluir que a presença de materiais opacificadores pode reduzir significativamente a contribuição da radiação, fato que pôde ser observado por meio das teorias de acoplamento entre condução e radiação, uma vez que tais materiais aumentam a espessura ótica dos isolantes. Por fim, realizou-se um estudo sobre os principais tipos de isolantes cerâmicos comerciais e as características microestruturais que conferem suas propriedades.
Fabricação e caracterização de compósitos a base de cimento com incorporação de poliestireno expandido (isopor)
Authors: Strecker K. , Silva C. A. , Panzera T. H.
Published: July 2014

Há uma grande necessidade de materiais leves e resistentes na construção civil moderna. Materiais de baixo peso são usados como agregados em concretos, argamassas e pastas cimentícias, sendo assim o isopor é um tipo de agregado que pode ser utilizado para tal finalidade. Neste trabalho foi estudada a influência da quantidade de areia fina em 5, 10 e 20% e também da quantidade de isopor em 20, 40 e 60%, nas propriedades: densidade volumétrica, densidade aparente, porosidade aparente, resistência à compressão e módulo de elasticidade. Os materiais compósitos exibiram densidades variando entre 1250 e 1600 kg/m³ e resistência de 9 a 18 MPa, para 60 e 20% de isopor, respectivamente. O aumento da fração de areia de 5 para 20% promoveu o aumento da densidade aparente e módulo de elasticidade dos compósitos. O efeito da adição de areia sobre a porosidade aparente e resistência mecânica exibiu variação, indicando o fator de empacotamento das partículas como principal responsável por tal comportamento. Os compósitos investigados exibiram uma distribuição de partículas de isopor homogênea, permitindo o uso das mesmas para fins não-estruturais.
The football business in Brazil: Connections between the economy, market and media
Authors: Reis Rômulo Meira , Remédios Jéssica Lúcia dos , Telles Silvio de Cássio Costa , DaCosta Lamartine Pereira
Published: July 2014

The Brazilian "Série A" Championship has demonstrated economic stability, especially after the implementation of the consecutive point system in 2003 and the changes made to the operational management of this competition. In face of the variables economy, market and media, we attempted to investigate how the Brazilian Football Championship is structured from a business standpoint. Our goal was to analyze the Brazilian Football Championship from an economic and financial perspective. From a methodological standpoint, we used bibliographical and documentary research. Results have shown that, together, the economy, market and media have helped to improve the business of football by increasing its value and generating revenues. They have also have developed new opportunities. Moreover, based on the football diversified entertainment system, media is the main cathaliser in the commercial feedback process system between producers and consumers.
Guided play and free play in an enriched environment: Impact on motor development
Authors: Palma Míriam Stock , Pereira Beatriz Oliveira , Valentini Nadia Cristina
Published: July 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of guided play and free play in an enriched environmentintervention programs using motor skill development in kindergarten children. Seventy-one children attending kindergarten classes were assigned to two experimental groups and one control group. Participants performed the Test of Gross Motor Development-2 before and after the intervention period. Results revealed that both boys and girls in the guided play group showed motor skill improvement, whereas no changes were observed in motor development in the boys and girls assigned to the free play in enriched environment group, nor in those in the control group. These findings indicate that the teacher's role in the guided play intervention was crucial to help preschool children to improve their performance.
Do sit-to-stand performance changes during gait acquisition?
Authors: Bastos Alana Maria Ferreira Guimarães , Costa Carolina Souza Neves da , Rocha Nelci Adriana Cicuto Ferreira
Published: July 2014

In a child's daily routine, sit-to-stand (STS) is a prerequisite activity for many functional tasks. The relationship between gait and other abilities has been pointed out by many authors, but there is no study investigating the changes in STS during gait acquisition in children. The purpose of this study was to analyse, in healthy children, changes that occur in STS performance during gait acquisition. Five healthy children were initially assessed with an average age of 13.6 months. The kinematics in STS movement performance of the children was evaluated longitudinally during different periods of walking experience: children who have not acquired independent walking, 8.2 (±8.4) days of independent walking experience, and 86.2 (±8.7) days of independent walking experience. At the gait acquisition period we found a significant decrease in the final trunk flexion angle and an increase in amplitude of the trunk flexion. The walking experience may have changed the execution of the STS movement.
Drosophilid Species (Diptera) in the Brazilian Savanna are Larger in the Dry Season
Authors: Przybylska M S , Roque F , Tidon R
Published: July 2014

Recently, interest in the effects of global climate change on biological communities has grown substantially. Both historical records and model predictions indicate that temperatures and aridity will likely increase in the continental interiors, although the effects of increased aridity have been less studied. The Brazilian savanna has a strong annual dry season, during which time drosophilid populations experience bottlenecks. In this study, we monitored a drosophilid assemblage in the core area of the Brazilian savanna throughout 1 yr. We then compared fly wings collected in the dry and rainy seasons for two common drosophilid species, Drosophila mercatorum Patterson & Wheeler and Drosophila simulans Sturtevant. Drosophilid abundance and richness decreased significantly in the dry season, confirming previous findings. In addition, although no significant differences in wing shape were observed for flies collected during the two seasons, the wing size of both focal species was significantly higher in the dry season. Considering the reported association between Drosophila Fallén wing size and body size, we deduced that the flies were larger in the dry season. D. mercatorum and D. simulans were also found at higher relative abundances in the dry season, when most species were not collected in the field. The observed difference in wing size could have been the result of biotic or abiotic factors, such as larval density and climate. More efforts are necessary to untangle the factors that lie behind this pattern, but it is possible that increased size is an advantageous trait when struggling against dry conditions.
Using the Best of Research and Practice to Create an Outcome Measurement Framework: A Family Service Agency's Experience
Authors: Winter Christy L. , Ohmer Mary L.
Published: July 2014

While social service providers and researchers alike continue to debate the value of evidence-based practice or practice-based evidence, a family service agency in Atlanta has used the best of research and practice to improve services for clients. This article outlines the agency's framework, which includes the following six components: (a) staff training and support, (b) incorporation of existing research and evidence-based practices, (c) logic model development and maintenance, (d) continuous quality improvement plans, (e) data collection methods and measurement instruments, and (f) monitoring and reporting. A program case study illustrates how this framework was implemented. Implications for practice and lessons learned about the framework implementation are also discussed.
Sorafenib in Thyroid Cancer Patients: Learning From Toxicity
Authors: Huillard Olivier , Blanchet Benoit , Boudou-Rouquette Pascaline , Thomas-Schoemann Audrey , Wassermann Johanna , Goldwasser François
Published: July 2014

A recent review showed frequent reductions of sorafenib dose in the treatment of metastatic thyroid cancer because of toxicity consistent with the findings of the phase III DECISION trial and contrasting with the safety of sorafenib in other cancer populations. The unexpected excess of toxicity observed in thyroid cancer patients may be linked to a high prevalence of sarcopenia in this population, resulting in frequent overexposure to sorafenib.
Modelling headloss and two-step denitrification in a full-scale wastewater post-denitrifying biofiltration plant
Authors: Bernier Jean , Rocher Vincent , Lessard Paul
Published: July 2014

The NO3−/NO2− removal and headloss evolution behaviour of a post-denitrification wastewater biofiltration stage using methanol as an external carbon source was modelled. Three datasets collected on different time scales and at different locations on a full-size plant from the Paris conurbation (800  000 population equivalent) were used in this study. The model was first calibrated on a short-term experiment, during which a shift in the methanol to NOX ratio was imposed at the influent of a treatment lane. Measurements were taken at different frequencies at the effluent as well as at different heights inside the media bed. The model was then used on a 240-day period in 2008 to simulate the behaviour of the whole denitrification stage. Results were good overall for most simulated variables, although nitrite was overestimated for the long-term dataset. Results showed that the model is highly sensitive to variations on the amounts of methanol injected during treatment, especially regarding nitrite and headloss.
Group‐based modeling of ecological trajectories in restored wetlands
Authors: Matthews Jeffrey W.
Published: July 2014

Repeated measures taken at the same restoration sites over time are used to describe restoration trajectories and identify sites that are trending toward unexpected outcomes. Analogously, social scientists use repeated measures of individuals to describe developmental trajectories of behaviors or other outcomes. Group‐based trajectory modeling (GBTM) is one statistical method used in behavioral and health sciences for this purpose. I introduce the use of GBTM to identify clusters of similar restoration trajectories within a sample of sites. Data collected at 54 restored wetlands in Illinois for up to 15 years post‐restoration were used to describe trajectories of six indicators: plant species richness, number of Carex (sedge) species, mean coefficient of conservatism (mean C), native plant cover, perennial plant cover, and planted species cover. For each indicator, I used GBTM to classify wetlands into three to four groups with distinct trajectories. In general, cover by native and planted species declined, while species richness and mean C increased over time or peaked then declined. Site context and management may explain trajectory group membership. Specifically, wetlands restored more recently and those restored within forested contexts were more likely to follow increasing trajectories. I show GBTM to be useful for identifying typical restoration trajectory patterns, developing hypotheses regarding factors driving those patterns and pinpointing critical times for intervention. Furthermore, GBTM might be applied more broadly in ecological research to identify common patterns of community assembly in large numbers of plots or sites.
Recovering aspen follow changing elk dynamics in Yellowstone: evidence of a trophic cascade?
Authors: Painter Luke E. , Beschta Robert L. , Larsen Eric J. , Ripple William J.
Published: July 2014

To investigate the extent and causes of recent quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) recruitment in northern Yellowstone National Park, we measured browsing intensity and height of young aspen in 87 randomly selected aspen stands in 2012, and compared our results to similar data collected in 1997–1998. We also examined the relationship between aspen recovery and the distribution of Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus) and bison (Bison bison) on the Yellowstone northern ungulate winter range, using ungulate fecal pile densities and annual elk count data. In 1998, 90% of young aspen were browsed and none were taller than 200 cm, the height at which aspen begin to escape from elk browsing. In 2012, only 37% in the east and 63% in the west portions of the winter range were browsed, and 65% of stands in the east had young aspen taller than 200 cm. Heights of young aspen were inversely related to browsing intensity, with the least browsing and greatest heights in the eastern portion of the range, corresponding with recent changes in elk density and distribution. In contrast with historical elk distribution (1930s–1990s), the greatest densities of elk recently (2006–2012) have been north of the park boundary (~5 elk/km2), and in the western part of the range (2–4 elk/km2), with relatively few elk in the eastern portion of the range (<2 elk/km2), even in mild winters. This redistribution of elk and decrease in density inside the park, and overall reduction in elk numbers, explain why many aspen stands have begun to recover. Increased predation pressure following the reintroduction of gray wolves (Canis lupus) in 1995–1996 played a role in these changing elk population dynamics, interacting with other influences including increased predation by bears (Ursusspp.), competition with an expanding bison population, and shifting patterns of human land use and hunting outside the park. The resulting new aspen recruitment is evidence of a landscape‐scale trophic cascade in which a resurgent large carnivore community, combined with other ecological changes, has benefited aspen through effects on ungulate prey.
Continuous fixed bed adsorption of Cu(II) by halloysite nanotube–alginate hybrid beads: an experimental and modelling study
Authors: Wang Yanyan , Zhang Xiang , Wang Qiuru , Zhang Bing , Liu Jindun
Published: July 2014

We used natural resources of halloysite nanotubes and alginate to prepare a novel porous adsorption material of organic–inorganic hybrid beads. The adsorption behaviour of Cu(II) onto the hybrid beads was examined by a continuous fixed bed column adsorption experiment. Meanwhile, the factors affecting the adsorption capacity such as bed height, influent concentration and flow rate were investigated. The adsorption capacity (Q0) reached 74.13 mg/g when the initial inlet concentration was 100 mg/L with a bed height of 12 cm and flow rate of 3 ml/min. The Thomas model and bed-depth service time fitted well with the experimental data. In the regeneration experiment, the hybrid beads retained high adsorption capacity after three adsorption–desorption cycles. Over the whole study, the new hybrid beads showed excellent adsorption and regeneration properties as well as favourable stability.
Optimized culture condition for enhancing lytic performance of waste activated sludge by Geobacillus sp. G1
Authors: Yang Chunxue , Zhou Aijuan , Hou Yanan , Zhang Xu , Guo Zechong , Wang Aijie , Liu Wenzong
Published: July 2014

Hydrolysis is known as the rate-limiting step during waste activated sludge (WAS) digestion. The optimization of the culture conditions of Geobacillus sp. G1 for enhancing WAS hydrolysis was conducted in this study with uniform design and response surface methodology. Taking the lysis rate of Escherichia coli as the response, the Plackett–Burman design was used to screen the most important variables. Experimental results showed that the maximum predicted lysis rate of E. coli was 50.9% for 4 h treatment time with concentrations of skim milk, NaCl and NH4SO4 at 10.78, 4.36 and 11.28 g/L, respectively. The optimized dosage ratio of Geobacillus sp. G1 to WAS was 35%:65% (VG1:VWAS). Under this condition, soluble protein was increased to 695 mg chemical oxygen demand (COD)/L, which was 5.0 times higher than that obtained in the control (140 mg COD/L). The corresponding protease activity reached 1.1 Eu/mL. Scanning electron microscopy showed that abundant cells were apparently lysed with treatment of Geobacillus sp. G1.
Effect of biofilm on colloid attachment in saturated porous media
Authors: Majumdar Udayan , Alexander Thrisha , Waskar Morris , Dagaonkar Manoj V.
Published: July 2014

Biofilm plays an important role in controlling the transport of colloids in a porous media. Biofilms are formed when micro-organisms come in contact with substrates, and are able to attach and grow with availability of nutrients. The microorganisms get embedded in a matrix of the substrate and extracellular polymeric substances which are responsible for the morphology, physico-chemical properties, structure and coherence of the biofilm. In this study, the effect of biofilm and its aging on colloid removal was studied on a glass bead column. Oocysts, polystyrene microspheres and inorganic colloids were used as colloidal particles. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was used as a model biofilm-forming microorganism. Presence of biofilm significantly enhanced colloid removal in the column. After 3 weeks, almost complete colloid removal was observed. The formation of biofilm was confirmed by various physical characterization techniques. During the extended aging study, biofilm sloughed off under shear stress. The loss of biofilm was higher during the early stage of its growth, and subsequently slowed down probably due to the formation of a more rigid biofilm. This research indicates that biofilm formation, maturation and sloughing-off play a critical role in colloid removal through porous media.
Investigating the influence of elongated anaerobic feeding strategy on aerobic sludge granulation and characteristics in sequencing batch reactor
Authors: Sadri Moghaddam S. , Alavi Moghaddam M. R.
Published: July 2014

In this research, two sequencing batch reactors (R1 and R2) were operated with different feeding strategies to investigate the effects of elongated anaerobic feeding mode on the granulation process. For this purpose, R1 was operated in a short-feed strategy (5 min) as a reference, whereas an extended anaerobic feeding of 85 min was applied in R2. Results showed that aerobic granules formed in R1 were denser and more uniform with lower sludge volume index than those formed in R2. Investigation of tightly bound extracellular polymeric substances (TB-EPS) showed that aerobic granules in R1 produced lower amounts of TB-EPS than those in R2. This was due to the bigger and more compact granules cultivated in R1 in comparison with looser structure granules in R2 with higher ﬂocculent sludge percentage. The relative hydrophobicity of granules in both reactors was increased with culture time and reached about 63 and 65% at day 70 for R1 and R2, respectively. Moreover, no significant correlation between protein/polysaccharide ratio and hydrophobicity was found, which showed that protein in loosely bound extracellular polymer substances was not the predominant hydrophobic component. Considering the outcomes of this study, it can be concluded that the elongated anaerobic feeding strategy was unfavourable for cultivating aerobic granules.
Evaluation of the aerobic and anaerobic biodegradability of the antibiotic norfloxacin
Authors: de Souza Santos Lucilaine Valéria , Teixeira Danusa Campos , Jacob Raquel Sampaio , Amaral Míriam Cristina Santos do , Lange Liséte Celina
Published: July 2014

The purpose of studying the biodegradability of pharmaceutical compounds is to evaluate their behaviors in relation to the treatment processes generally used in domestic and industrial wastewater treatment plants. The antibiotic norfloxacin was found to be a recalcitrant compound. The studies conducted showed norfloxacin removal rates of 12% and 18% when biomasses from treatments with activated sludge and anaerobic biodigesters, respectively, were used without acclimatization. This suggests that anaerobic digestion shows better performance for norfloxacin removal. Ecotoxicological tests, using the luminescent marine bacteria Aliivibrio fischeri as the test organism, show that anaerobic digestion could eliminate the toxicity of the antibiotic norfloxacin, even though total degradation of the drug was not observed. The release of norfloxacin during cell lysis suggests the importance of controlling this phenomenon in biological treatment systems that handle wastewater contaminated with norfloxacin, thus preventing the return of this drug to the environment.
From Princess to Punk: Digitisation in the Fashion Studio
Authors: Robinson Amy
Published: July 2014

The Zandra Rhodes Digital Study Collection project was a unique collaborative venture between staff and students at the University for the Creative Arts (UCA) and their Chancellor, the British fashion and textile designer Zandra Rhodes. Working within the designerâ€™s private studio space, this initiative has developed the first digital record of her personal collection of garments and drawings, supported and enriched with behind-the-scenes video interviews and tutorials, for worldwide educational use. This paper examines the benefits and strategies for undertaking the project in situ within the designerâ€™s private studio environment. It outlines the need for a bespoke, flexible approach to digitisation in the visual arts that respects the individuality and creativity of the artist, whilst drawing on established documentation standards and expertise from the library, archive and museum sector.
Creating an Online Television Archive, 1987–2013
Authors: Browning Robert
Published: July 2014

The growth of television, and in particular television news, has created a challenge in preserving and providing access to the resulting material. At the same time, technology has opened many opportunities to capture this information and make it more widely available. In some ways, it is a race of technology against the speed of content creation. In this paper, we describe a very successful archival project that records, indexes, archives and makes available the totality of the programming of the U.S. based C-SPAN television network, a nonprofit network that telecasts the entirety of the U.S. congressional proceedings, hearings, presidential speeches and other public policy events. As such, it is an archive of unedited primary source events. The use of evolving technology over 25 years has made this archive possible and it exists free on the Internet for world-wide access.
Examining Disclosure Risk and Data Utility: An Administrative Data Case Study
Authors: Comerford Michael
Published: July 2014

The plethora of new data sources, combined with a growing interest in increased access to previously unpublished data, poses a set of ethical challenges regarding individual privacy. This paper sets out one aspect of those challenges: the need to anonymise data in such a form that protects the privacy of individuals while providing sufficient data utility for data users. This issue is discussed using a case study of Scottish Governmentâ€™s administrative data, in which disclosure risk is examined and data utility is assessed using a potential â€˜real-worldâ€™ analysis.
Managing the Public to Manage Data: Citizen Science and Astronomy
Authors: Darch Peter
Published: July 2014

Citizen Cyberscience Projects (CCPs) that recruit members of the public as volunteers to process and produce large datasets promise a great deal of benefits to scientists and science. However, if this promise is to be realised, and citizen science-produced datasets are to be widely used by scientists, it is essential that these datasets win the trust of the scientific community. This task of securing credibility involves, in part, applying standard scientific procedures to clean up datasets formed by volunteer contributions. However, the management of volunteersâ€™ behaviour in terms of how they contribute also plays a significant role in improving both the quality of individual contributions and the overall robustness of the resultant datasets. This can assist CCPs in securing a reputation for producing trustworthy datasets. Through a case study of Galaxy Zoo, a CCP set up to generate datasets based on volunteer classifications of galaxy morphologies, this paper explores how those involved in running the project manage volunteers. In particular, it focuses on how methods for crediting volunteer contributions motivate volunteers to provide higher quality contributions and to behave in a way that better corresponds to statistical assumptions made when combining volunteer contributions into datasets. These methods have made a significant contribution to the success of the project in securing trust in these datasets, which have been well used by other scientists. Implications for practice are then presented for CCPs, providing a list of considerations to guide choices regarding how to credit volunteer contributions to improve the quality and trustworthiness of citizen science-produced datasets.
Publishing and Pushing: Mixing Models for Communicating Research Data in Archaeology
Authors: Kansa Eric C. , Kansa Sarah Whitcher , Arbuckle Benjamin
Published: July 2014

We present a case study of data integration and reuse involving 12 researchers who published datasets in Open Context, an online data publishing platform, as part of collaborative archaeological research on early domesticated animals in Anatolia. Our discussion reports on how different editorial and collaborative review processes improved data documentation and quality, and created ontology annotations needed for comparative analyses by domain specialists. To prepare data for shared analysis, this project adapted editor-supervised review and revision processes familiar to conventional publishing, as well as more novel models of revision adapted from open source software development of public version control. Preparing the datasets for publication and analysis required significant investment of effort and expertise, including archaeological domain knowledge and familiarity with key ontologies. To organize this work effectively, we emphasized these different models of collaboration at various stages of this data publication and analysis project. Collaboration first centered on data editors working with data contributors, then widened to include other researchers who provided additional peer-review feedback, and finally the widest research community, whose collaboration is facilitated by GitHubâ€™s version control system. We demonstrate that the â€œpublishâ€ and â€œpushâ€ models of data dissemination need not be mutually exclusive; on the contrary, they can play complementary roles in sharing high quality data in support of research. This work highlights the value of combining multiple models in different stages of data dissemination.
Show Me The Data: The Pilot UK Research Data Registry
Authors: Ball Alexander , Ashley Kevin , McCann Patrick , Molloy Laura , Van den Eynden Veerle
Published: July 2014

The UK Research Data (Metadata) Registry (UKRDR) pilot project is implementing a prototype registry for the UKâ€™s research data assets, enabling the holdings of subject-based data centres and institutional data repositories alike to be searched from a single location. The purpose of the prototype is to prove the concept of the registry, and uncover challenges that will need to be addressed if and when the registry is developed into a sustainable service. The prototype is being tested using metadata records harvested from nine UK data centres and the data repositories of nine UK universities.
Building a Bridge Between Journal Articles and Research Data: The PKP-Dataverse Integration Project
Authors: Castro Eleni , Garnett Alex
Published: July 2014

A growing number of funding agencies and international scholarly organizations are requesting that research data be made more openly available to help validate and advance scientific research. Thus, this is an opportune moment for research data repositories to partner with journal editors and publishers in order to simplify and improve data curation and publishing practices. One practical example of this type of cooperation is currently being facilitated by a two year (2012-2014) one million dollar Sloan Foundation grant, integrating two well-established open source systems: the Public Knowledge Projectâ€™s (PKP) Open Journal Systems (OJS), developed by Stanford University and Simon Fraser University; and Harvard Universityâ€™s Dataverse Network web application, developed by the Institute for Quantitative Social Science (IQSS). To help make this interoperability possible, an OJS Dataverse plugin and Data Deposit API are being developed, which together will allow authors to submit their articles and datasets through an existing journal management interface, while the underlying data are seamlessly deposited into a research data repository, such as the Harvard Dataverse. This practice paper will provide an overview of the project, and a brief exploration of some of the specific challenges to and advantages of this integration.
Research Data Curation Pilots: Lessons Learned
Authors: Minor David , Critchlow Matt , Hutt Arwen , Fleming Declan , Bergstrom Mary Linn , Sutton Don
Published: July 2014

In the spring of 2011, the UC San Diego Research Cyberinfrastructure (RCI) Implementation Team invited researchers and research teams to participate in a research curation and data management pilot program. This invitation took the form of a campus-wide solicitation. More than two dozen applications were received and, after due deliberation, the RCI Oversight Committee selected five curation-intensive projects. These projects were chosen based on a number of criteria, including how they represented campus research, varieties of topics, researcher engagement, and the various services required. The pilot process began in September 2011, and will be completed in early 2014. Extensive lessons learned from the pilots are being compiled and are being used in the on-going design and implementation of the permanent Research Data Curation Program in the UC San Diego Library. In this paper, we present specific implementation details of these various services, as well as lessons learned. The program focused on many aspects of contemporary scholarship, including data creation and storage, description and metadata creation, citation and publication, and long term preservation and access. Based on the lessons learned in our processes, the Research Data Curation Program will provide a suite of services from which campus users can pick and choose, as necessary. The program will provide support for the data management requirements from national funding agencies.
The DigCurV Curriculum Framework for Digital Curation in the Cultural Heritage Sector
Authors: Molloy Laura , Gow Ann , Konstantelos Leo
Published: July 2014

In 2013, the DigCurV collaborative network completed development of a Curriculum Framework for digital curation skills in the European cultural heritage sector. DigCurV synthesised a variety of established skills and competence models in the digital curation and LIS sectors with expertise from digital curation professionals, in order to develop a new Curriculum Framework. The resulting Framework provides a common language and helps define the skills, knowledge and abilities that are necessary for the development of digital curation training; for benchmarking existing programmes; and for promoting the continuing production, improvement and refinement of digital curation training programmes. This paper describes the salient points of this work, including how the project team conducted the research necessary to develop the Framework, the structure of the Framework, the processes used to validate the Framework, and three â€˜lensesâ€™ onto the Framework. The paper also provides suggestions as to how the Framework might be used, including a description of potential audiences and purposes.
Resources to Support Faculty Writing Data Management Plans: Lessons Learned from an Engineering Pilot
Authors: Nicholls Natsuko H. , Samuel Sara M. , Lalwani Leena N. , Grochowski Paul F. , Green Jennifer A.
Published: July 2014

Recent years have seen a growing emphasis on the need for improved management of research data. Academic libraries have begun to articulate the conceptual foundations, roles, and responsibilities involved in data management planning and implementation. This paper provides an overview of the Engineering data support pilot at the University of Michigan Library as part of developing new data services and infrastructure. Through this pilot project, a team of librarians had an opportunity to identify areas where the library can play a role in assisting researchers with data management, and has put forth proposals for immediate steps that the library can take in this regard. The paper summarizes key findings from a faculty survey and discusses lessons learned from an analysis of data management plans from accepted NSF proposals. A key feature of this Engineering pilot project was to ensure that these study results will provide a foundation for librarians to educate and assist researchers with managing their data throughout the research lifecycle.
Effect of an Interviewer's Tactile Contact on Willingness to Disclose Voting Choice
Authors: Guéguen Nicolas
Published: July 2014

The positive effect of tactile contact on compliance has been widely reported in the literature. However, the effect of touch on willingness to disclose confidential information has never been studied. Two days after European Parliamentary elections, people who were walking by in the
street were asked by an interviewer who was unknown to them, to reveal for which candidate they had voted. According to a random distribution, some of the people who were questioned were slightly touched on the forearm by the interviewer during the formulation of the request but the rest of
the participants were not touched. Results showed that, compared with the participants who were not touched, those who were touched were more likely to be willing to disclose their voting preference (88.6% of the touched group vs. 63.3% of the no-touch group), suggesting that touch is a facilitator
of self-revelation.