bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stapled enterectomy reduces surgical time when compared with sutured enterectomy: a retrospective review of 54 cats
Authors: Costello Sorcha , McRae Benjamin , Olive Melanie , Marks Thomas A , Mielke Benjamin , Billet Jean-Philippe , Levien Andrew , Basa Rachel M
Published: September 2024

Objectives

Feline enterectomy is commonly performed in referral and general veterinary practice; however, existing studies in the veterinary literature lack significant case numbers to guide clinical decision-making. In addition, no studies have evaluated the use of surgical staplers in cats for this procedure. This study aimed to compare the use of surgical staplers for functional end-to-end anastomosis (SFEEA) with hand-sewn end-to-end anastomosis (EEA) in cats. Additional aims included investigating the feasibility of surgical staplers in cats as well as assessing short- and long-term complications and outcomes.

Methods

The medical records of four referral hospitals were retrospectively searched for cats that had undergone enterectomy between 2003 and 2022. Preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative data were compared between the SFEEA and EEA groups, with a median long-term follow-up time of 488 days (interquartile range 255–1030).

Results

In total, 54 cats met the inclusion criteria for this study, with 24 undergoing an SFEEA while 30 underwent EEA. There was a significant difference in surgical time between the two groups. The SFEEA group had a mean surgical time 34.3 ± 9.274 mins faster than the EEA group ( P <0.001). Unique complications reported for the SFEEA group included haemo abdomen and anastomotic stricture.

Conclusions and relevance

SFEEA should be considered in cats where anaesthetic time should be kept as short as possible, such as patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists scores of 3–4. Stricture at the anastomotic site may be seen in the long term for cats undergoing SFEEA.
Retrospective analysis of 1028 ultrasound-guided central vascular access in neonates and children
Authors: D’Alessandro Pablo , Siffredi Juan Ignacio , Redondo Pertuz Emiro , Flores Paula , Germán Trinidad Ruiz , Boglione Mariano , Barrenechea Marcelo
Published: September 2024

Background:

The use of real-time ultrasound has become the standard of care for percutaneous central venous access and shown to decrease overall number of attempts and complication rates.

Material and method:

A retrospective analysis of a prospective database was done focusing on three types of central access: non-tunneled, tunneled, and implantable, placed via ultrasound-guided Brachiocephalic Vein (BCV) between January 2019 and January 2023. Data were recorded: gender, age, weight, side (left or right), number of puncture attempts, arterial puncture, change of operator or puncture side, and mechanical complications (pneumothorax and hemothorax).

Results:

A total of 1028 non-tunneled, tunneled, and implantable central lines were placed. Five hundred and eighty seven were Male. The children were aged from 0 to 18 years and their weights ranged from 1 to 113 kg. Nine hundred and thirty-five were left BCV. Right BCV was cannulated in 93 patients. Failure to cannulate left BCV was recorded in seven cases. Three arterial punctures were recorded. Cannulation success rate was 97.2% (999/1028) and was higher in left BCV than right BCV ( p < 0.001).

Discussion:

Based on the above, we believe that ultrasound-guided BCV is an easy and secure method to cannulate children, in our series left BCV showed a higher cannulation success rate rather than right BCV.
Criminal synergies: Human smuggling and illicit organ removal on the Central Mediterranean route
Authors: Columb Sean
Published: September 2024

The externalisation of European border controls in North Africa is represented and justified by European leaders as the antithesis to the business model of human smuggling and human trafficking. Rather than being in an antithetical relationship, I argue that the European Union is in a symbiotic relationship with criminal groups exploiting the (im)mobility of migrants for profit. My analysis is informed by 37 interviews with African migrants, organ brokers, migration brokers and humanitarian organisations. Their experiences reveal how the convergence of crime and immigration controls along the Central Mediterranean route has led to the development of criminal synergies between different illegal markets, i.e. human smuggling and illicit organ removal.
A rare case of pediatric distal middle cerebral artery aneurysm
Authors: Moor Rachel , Fleeting Chance , Hey Grace , Karumanchi Chandana , Blatt Jason , Koch Matthew , Kresak Jesse Lee
Published: September 2024

Pediatric middle cerebral artery aneurysms are often complicated by subsequent rupture and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Unruptured middle cerebral artery aneurysms are rare in infancy. Here, we present a rare case of a 13-month-old male who underwent clip ligation for the treatment of an incidental M3 aneurysm.
Postural supporting cervical traction workstation to improve resting state brain activity in digital device users: EEG study
Authors: Jung Ju-Yeon , Kang Chang-Ki , Kim Young-Bo
Published: September 2024

Objective

This study aimed to determine the effect of postural support workstation on inducing effective brain activity during rest.

Methods

Thirty-five healthy digital overusers were recruited as participants. We conducted two interventions of head weight support traction (ST) and conventional traction (CT) strength on all participants in random order. Participants’ arousal levels and psychological comfort were assessed. In addition, changes in brain activity caused by traction were confirmed by measuring changes in resting state brain activity using an electroencephalogram (EEG).

Results

Under the ST condition, psychological comfort improved while alert levels were maintained. In addition the resting brain activity of EEG was characterized by strong focused attention and relaxed activity, as evidenced by increased alpha waves throughout the brain. By contrast, in the CT condition, no significant improvement in comfort was observed. Furthermore, high-frequency brain activity, such as beta 3 and gamma waves, was observed across the entire brain regions.

Conclusion

In this study, the ST workstation was shown to effectively improve resting attention and psychological comfort in individuals who excessively use digital devices by inducing resting state alpha activity without stimulating high-frequency brain waves, while maintaining an upright posture with appropriate traction.
Motivation in Learning Musical Instruments: The Role of Parents, Teachers, and Friends
Authors: Földi Fanni , Szabó Norbert , Oo Tun Zaw , Csizmadia Gábor , Józsa Krisztián
Published: September 2024

Motivation plays a crucial role in learning, particularly when mastering a musical instrument. However, it remains a relatively unexplored area in Hungarian research. In this study, the researchers aim to investigate the relationship between social relations and various aspects of motivation in learning musical instruments, including the motivation to start learning, continue playing, and practice musical instruments regularly. The sample included 264 Hungarian musical instrument students, categorized into three age groups: (1) early adolescents: 9–13-year-olds; (2) mid-adolescents: 14–16-year-olds; (3) late adolescents: 17–19-year-olds. In the course of the cross-sectional data collection, the students filled out the motivation for learning music (MLM) questionnaire, while they were also asked to answer questions about social relationships and demographic data. The MLM questionnaire is based on the five dimensions of self-determination theory: amotivation, external regulation, introjection, identification, and intrinsic motivation. The measurement tool demonstrated reliability across all five dimensions. According to the results, there are significant differences between the age groups in the motivation dimensions, while no gender differences were observed. Based on the regression analysis, social relationships have an impact on learning motivation; however, the role and strength of incentives change with age. For early adolescents, parents exert the greatest influence, whereas teachers and friends play a more significant role for mid-adolescents, and friends become the most decisive influence for late adolescents. The results can be useful for professionals and parents as they can contribute to maintaining motivation.
Location Attractiveness in the New Norm: A Systematic Review
Authors: Andy Anbalagi , Idris Aida , Ayavoo Rajenthyran
Published: September 2024

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) spatial dimensions are witnessing paradigm shifts with the acceleration of digital transformation and adoption of disruptive technologies, emergence of Covid-19 which has triggered unexpected dynamics in the open system, erosion of brick-and-mortar paradigm in service sectors such as Financial Services and Information Technology, and blurring lines of locational advantages. Despite the intellectual continuity and diversity driving the premise of FDI-foreign location research stream, a comprehensive literature review of location attractiveness is lacking, especially in the context of the new norm. This paper systematically reviews the theoretical and empirical research on FDI location by content-analyzing 221 articles published between 1999 and 2023. Innovation, digital transformation, human capital, and knowledge-related assets are identified as the emerging trends and determinants influencing host-location attractiveness for FDI by MNEs in the new norm. This paper also provides recommendations for future research avenues aimed at enriching the body of knowledge in this research stream.
Is Growth Possible in Emerging Adults Exposed to Complex Trauma?: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses
Authors: Rahmandani Amalia , Subandi M.A. , Utami Muhana Sofiati
Published: September 2024

Several previous systematic literature reviews on psychological growth following trauma are available but fail to target emerging adult complex trauma survivors. The aim of the study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analyses concerning growth-related psychological constructs among emerging adult survivors of complex trauma. Eight major databases were searched. We obtained 18 selectable articles (89% conducted in the US). The results concluded that growth is possible. Generally, it is stimulated by more complex trauma and can be distinguished according to trauma types. The growth is also generally stimulated by the challenges of new roles and mainly involves intrapersonal dynamics. Furthermore, interpersonal processes have not always supported the growth; there are even times when they hindered. Not a few survivors have grown with psychological distress or disorder, problems or conflicts. They have been flexible in using coping strategies. We generated a weighted mean of complex trauma of 2.83, posttraumatic growth above the hypothetical mean score, and a low positive weighted correlation between the two (14.1%). Implications and cautions for future studies and practices are discussed.
Home Care Nurses at the Heart of the Communication Web: Communication Synchronicity and Effects on the Psychosocial Work Environment
Authors: Larsson Roger , Erlingsdóttir Gudbjörg , Persson Johanna , Rydenfält Christofer
Published: September 2024

This qualitative study explores how communication practice affects Swedish home care nurses’ psychosocial work environment. Data consisted of interviews and field observations, analyzed from the perspective of Media Synchronicity Theory and the Job-Demand-Control-Support model. Individual home care nurses were found to manage an interorganizational communication web. The results indicated that this web could have a protective function for the nurses. Synchronous communication was found important to control the work situation. Nevertheless, asynchronous communication was enforced when communicating with other health care organizations. This reduced the level of control for the nurses. However, when possible, the nurses also arranged their communication practice to gain control. Thus, local optimization for one group could result in suboptimization for others. We conclude that communication practice should be designed holistically and promote synchronous communication to foster well-functioning interprofessional teamwork and to create a healthy psychosocial work environment for both home care nurses and their collaborators.
Teaching Medical Students to Communicate Risks Like Military Intelligence Analysts
Authors: Brooks James S. , Muller David , Campbell Peter , Yu Allen , Southwell Brian , Korin Maya
Published: September 2024

Communication about health often involves descriptions of risk: the probability or likelihood of an unfavorable outcome. Communicating risk helps individuals make choices about their own health by building understanding of potential outcomes and providing context for the importance of procedures, health interventions, and lifestyle choices. However, medical education in the United States does not provide future physicians with adequate statistical literacy to communicate risk effectively and rarely encourages them to practice communicating risk in pre-clinical years. Risk communication in military intelligence, a field with formalized risk language and training, offers a unique perspective into potential improvements for medical risk communication. With backgrounds in the military, public health, communication, surgery, and medical education, the authors offer the following recommendations to improve risk communication for medical students. (1) Encourage the use of numerical absolute risk when communicating among health practitioners to avoid varied interpretations of what different risk descriptors (“uncommon,” “likely,” or “low”) might mean; (2) build efficient, teachable skills in use of patient-facing risk communication tools like comparative probabilities and visual aids; and (3) practice estimating risk through role-play of risk communication between medical students and standardized patients. By improving risk communication in medical education, future doctors will be better equipped to build trust through open communication and improve the health of the patients and the communities for whom they care.
Outcomes of Hospitalized Patients With Sepsis Before and After Implementation of a Sepsis Care Improvement Initiative at a Community Hospital
Authors: Richardson Kenneth J. , Mullen Chanda L. , Sacha Gretchen L. , Wasowski Erik M.
Published: September 2024

Purpose: Prompt treatment of sepsis and septic shock is critical as delays increase mortality risk. Various tools, such as electronic alerts, standardized order sets, and rapid response teams, are used to expedite sepsis bundled care, yet their individual effects on outcomes and antimicrobial timing are unclear. This study evaluated the impact of an Inpatient Code Sepsis protocol, featuring an overhead page and order set, on mortality in hospitalized patients with sepsis and septic shock. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at a 371-bed hospital from July 1, 2020, to July 31, 2023. Hospitalized adults (≥18 years) diagnosed with sepsis and septic shock before and after the Inpatient Code Sepsis protocol implementation were included. The primary outcome was 30-day all-cause mortality; secondary outcomes were hospital length of stay, 30-day readmission, and time to antibiotic administration. Patients were excluded if they were identified for sepsis without infection, had sepsis due to non-bacterial causes, lost to follow-up within 30 days of admission, received empiric antibiotics in an emergency department or outside hospital, or were missing antibiotic administration time. Results: A total of 138 patients were included in the analysis. Mortality within 30 days did not significantly differ preprotocol and postprotocol ( p = 0.381). However, a significant reduction in time to antibiotic administration was noted postimplementation ( p < 0.05). Hospital length of stay and 30-day readmission showed no significant changes. Conclusion: The Inpatient Code Sepsis protocol did not impact 30-day mortality but did improve the time to antibiotic administration.
Digital markers of asthma exacerbations: a systematic review
Authors: Cokorudy Brenda , Harrison Jeff , Chan Amy Hai Yan
Published: September 2024

Background and objective

With the increase in use of digital technologies, there is growing interest in digital markers, where technology is used to detect early markers of disease deterioration. The aim of this systematic review is to summarise the evidence relating to digital markers of asthma exacerbations.

Methods

A systematic search of the following databases was conducted, using key search terms relating to asthma, digital and exacerbations: Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, Psycinfo, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Studies that aimed to explore the relationship between any digitally measured marker and asthma exacerbations using any form of portable digital sensor technology were included.

Results

23 papers were included. The digital markers related to five key categories: environmental, physiological, medication, lung function and breath-related parameters. The most commonly studied marker was lung function, which was reported in over half (13 out of 23) of the papers. However, studies were conflicting in terms of the use of lung function parameters as a predictor of asthma exacerbations. Medication parameters were measured in over a third of the studies (10 out of 23) with a focus on short-acting β-agonist (SABA) use as a marker of exacerbations. Only four and two studies measured heart rate and cough, respectively; however, both parameters were positively associated with exacerbations in all reported studies.

Conclusion

Several digital markers are associated with asthma exacerbations. This suggests a potential role for using parameters such as heart rate, SABA use and, potentially, cough as digital markers of asthma exacerbations.
The lung proteome in HIV-associated obstructive lung disease (OLD)
Authors: Samorodnitsky Sarah , Weise Danielle , Lock Eric F. , Kunisaki Ken M. , Morris Alison , Leung Janice M. , Kruk Monica , Parker Laurie , Jagtap Pratik , Griffin Timothy J. , Wendt Chris H.
Published: September 2024

Rationale

Obstructive lung disease is increasingly common among persons living with HIV (PLWH). There are currently no validated biomarkers that identify individuals at risk of developing obstructive lung disease (OLD) and specific mechanisms contributing to HIV-associated OLD remain elusive, independent of smoking.

Objectives

We sought to identify biomarkers and biological pathways associated with OLD using a broad proteomic approach.

Methods

We performed tandem mass tagging and mass spectrometry (MS) analysis on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples from persons living with HIV with OLD (n=26) and without OLD (n=26). We combined untargeted MS with a targeted SomaScan aptamer-based approach. We used Pearson correlation tests to identify associations between each protein and lung function (FEV1pp). We adjusted for multiple comparisons using a false discovery rate (FDR) adjustment. Significant proteins were entered into a pathway overrepresentation analysis. Protein-driven endotypes were constructed using K-means clustering.

Measurements and main results

We identified over 3800 proteins by MS and identified 254 proteins that correlated with FEV1pp when we combined the MS and SomaScan proteomes when adjusting for smoking status. Pathway analysis revealed cell adhesion molecules as significant.

Conclusions

Protein expression differs in the lung of PWH and decreased lung function (FEV1pp). Pathway analysis reveals cell adhesion molecules having potentially important roles in this process.
BOS-318 treatment enhances elexacaftor–tezacaftor–ivacaftor-mediated improvements in airway hydration and mucociliary transport
Authors: Douglas Lisa E.J. , Reihill James A. , Martin S. Lorraine
Published: September 2024

Background

Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) triple modulator therapy, elexacaftor–tezacaftor–ivacaftor (ETI) has transformed care for people with cystic fibrosis (CF) who have eligible mutations. It is, however, not curative. Response to treatment also varies and lung disease, although slowed, remains progressive. We have previously demonstrated inhibition of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) by selective furin inhibition to be an alternative, mutation-agnostic approach that can enhance airways hydration and restore mucociliary transport (MCT) in CF. Inhibition of furin therefore, offers a potential therapeutic strategy for those ineligible, intolerant or nonresponsive to ETI and may provide a further opportunity for clinical benefit for those currently treated with ETI. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of furin inhibition on ETI responses to assess its utility as an adjunct therapy.

Methods

Differentiated primary CF human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) were treated with the highly selective furin inhibitor BOS-318 and with ETI. Ion channel function was measured using a 24-channel Transepithelial Current Clamp (TECC-24) system and airways surface hydration was investigated by measuring airway surface liquid (ASL) height and MCT rate.

Results

The presence of BOS-318 had no effect on the ability of ETI to stimulate CFTR-mediated Cl−secretion but contributed a reduced Na+transportviarobust inhibition of ENaC. This altered ion transport profile effected an improved ASL height and MCT rate, which were significantly greater than improvements observed with ETI alone, demonstrating the benefits of the dual approach.

Conclusions

Selective furin inhibition has the potential to further improve clinical outcomes for all people with CF and offers opportunity as an adjunct to improve responses to currently available CFTR modulator therapies.
Enzymatic TherapyversusVATS for pleural infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: de Jonge Weija R. , Smits Bo , Ket Johannes C.F. , Altenburg Josje , Annema Jouke , Daniels Johannes M.A. , Dickhoff Chris , van Dorp Martijn , Braun Jerry , Korevaar Daniel A. , Heineman David J.
Published: September 2024

Question

Parapneumonic pleural infections are frequently encountered, but the optimal treatment regimen remains controversial. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate whether immediate video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) has advantages over intrapleural enzymatic therapy (IET).

Methods

We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science Core Collection till November 2023 and included studies comparing IET and VATS in adult patients with parapneumonic pleural infections. Primary outcome was length of hospital stay (LOS), secondary outcomes included mortality and morbidity. Study quality was assessed using ROBINS-I and RoB 2. Inverse variance random-effects meta-analysis was performed.

Results

We screened 2263 articles, eight were included in the final analysis, covering 1023 patients (n=465 IET (mostly single agent IET); n=558 VATS). Six were non-randomized studies (n=5 with serious risk of bias) comprising 964 patients, and two were small, randomized feasibility studies (n=1 with high risk of bias), comprising 59 patients. In the meta-analysis, LOS in non-randomized studies was shorter for patients treated by VATS (mean difference 4.2 days; 95%CI 1.5 to 7.0). However, no significant difference was reported in the randomized feasibility studies. Mortality and morbidity rates showed no significant difference.

Interpretation

In this meta-analysis of non-randomized studies with a high risk of selection bias, VATS appears superior to IET regarding LOS in the treatment of parapneumonic pleural infections, without increased mortality and morbidity rate. Two recently published randomized feasibility studies failed to confirm this finding, but were not designed to detect a difference in LOS. This meta-analysis highlights the need for high quality studies.
Lung volumes by computed tomography and plethysmography: are we measuring the same? CanCOLD study data
Authors: Mraz Tobias L. , Kirby Miranda , Breyer-Kohansal Robab , Wouters Emiel F.M. , Tan Wan
Published: September 2024

Background

Measurement of lung volumes forms an integral part of pulmonary function testing. Lung volumes determined by computed tomography (CT) scans are well established, but the comparability to other methods like plethysmography in large cohorts remains in question.

Methods

CanCOLD is a prospective longitudinal cohort study from Canada, including three matched groups of individuals with COPD I–II, smokers at risk and healthy controls. All participants underwent lung volume measurement by plethysmography and CT, using inspiratory and expiratory imaging. We compared total lung capacity (TLC) and residual volume (RV) in the different cohorts between plethysmography and CT.

Results

Data from 1235 (518 females) individuals were analysed. Baseline characteristics were comparable in all three groups. Significant differences between CT and plethysmography could be observed in all groups, with consistently higher TLC and lower RV by plethysmography, respectively. Correlation was strong for TLC between the methods of measurement with a very stable bias of about 1.68 L for all groups, but the correlation was only low/moderate for RV. Variability of differences seemed to be higher for RV. No correction for supine position or dead airspace was used for CT-based measurements.

Conclusion

Measurement of TLC and RV by plethysmography yields higher and lower values than by CT, respectively, so results of the different methods should not be used interchangeably.
Integrating community health workers in early childhood well-child care: a statement from the Pediatric Academic Societies Maternal Child Health: First 1,000 days Special Interest Group
Authors: Coker Tumaini Rucker , Gregory Emily F. , McCord Mary , Cholera Rushina , Bakken Hayes , Chapman Steve , Anwar Eimaan , Lee Jennifer , Henry Shauntée , Chamberlain Lisa J.
Published: September 2024

This statement from the Pediatric Academic Societies Maternal Child Health: First 1,000 Days Special Interest Group provides an overview of the rationale, evidence, and key action steps needed to engage Community Health Workers (CHWs) into team-based well-child care (WCC) for families in low-income communities. CHWs have been defined as public health workers who have a trusted and valued connection to a community. Integrating CHWs into early childhood WCC can allow for greater cultural relevancy for families, reduce the burden on clinicians to provide the wide range of WCC services, many of which do not require the expertise of a high-level clinician, and improve preventive care services to families during the vulnerable but critical period of early childhood. There are evidence-based approaches to integrating CHWs into early childhood WCC, as well as payment models that can support them. Implementation and spread of these models will require collaboration and engagement across health systems, clinics, payors, and CHWs; flexibility for local adaptation of these models to meet the needs of clinics, practices, CHWs, and communities; publicly available training resources for CHW education; and research findings to guide effective implementation that incorporates parent and caregiver engagement as well as sustainable payment models.
Novel prediction model of early screening lung adenocarcinoma with pulmonary fibrosis based on haematological index
Authors: Li Haiyang , Fu Xing , Liu Mingtao , Chen Jiaxi , Cao Wenhan , Liang Zhiman , Cheng Zhangkai J. , Sun Baoqing
Published: September 2024

Background

Lung cancer (LC), a paramount global life-threatening condition causing significant mortality, is most commonly characterized by its subtype, lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Concomitant with LC, pulmonary fibrosis (PF) and interstitial lung disease (ILD) contribute to an intricate landscape of respiratory diseases. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) in association with LC has been explored. However, other fibrotic interrelations remain underrepresented, especially for LUAD-PF and LUAD-ILD.

Methods

We analysed data with statistical analysis from 7,137 healthy individuals, 7,762 LUAD patients, 7,955 ILD patients, and 2,124 complex PF patients collected over ten years. Furthermore, to identify blood indicators related to lung disease and its complications and compare the relationships between different indicators and lung diseases, we successfully applied the naive Bayes model for a biomarker-based prediction of diagnosis and development into complex PF.

Results

Males predominantly marked their presence in all categories, save for complex PF where females took precedence. Biomarkers, specifically AGR, MLR, NLR, and PLR emerged as pivotal in discerning lung diseases. A machine-learning-driven predictive model underscored the efficacy of these markers in early detection and diagnosis, with NLR exhibiting unparalleled accuracy.

Conclusions

Our study elucidates the gender disparities in lung diseases and illuminates the profound potential of serum biomarkers, including AGR, MLR, NLR, and PLR in early lung cancer detection. With NLR as a standout, therefore, this study advances the exploration of indicator changes and predictions in patients with pulmonary disease and fibrosis, thereby improving early diagnosis, treatment, survival rate, and patient prognosis.
Neuromodulation and mindfulness as therapeutic treatment in detoxified patients with alcohol use disorder
Authors: Rosenthal Annika , Haslacher D. , Garbusow M. , Pangratz L. , Apfel B. , Soekadar S. , Romanczuk-Seiferth N. , Beck A.
Published: September 2024

Background

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) poses a significant global health challenge. Traditional management strategies often face high relapse rates, leading to a need for innovative approaches. Mindfulness-based relapse prevention (MBRP) has emerged as a promising intervention to enhance cognitive control, reduce cue-related craving and improve interoceptive processing. Neuroimaging studies suggest that mindfulness training can modulate brain networks associated with these factors, potentially improving treatment outcomes for AUD. Neuroimaging studies suggest that mindfulness training can modulate brain networks linked to these brain functions, potentially improving treatment outcomes for AUD. However, it is unclear how MBRP links to neurophysiological measures such as frontal midline theta oscillations (FMΘ) and whether the beneficial effects of MBRP can be increased by enhancing FMΘ. Here, we will use two different forms of neuromodulation to target and enhance these oscillations, and evaluate their impact on the effectiveness of MBRP.

Methods

This study will employ a four-arm randomized controlled trial to evaluate the synergistic effects of MBRP augmented with transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) or closed-loop amplitude-modulated transcranial alternating current stimulation (CLAM-tACS) on cognitive control, cue reactivity and interoceptive processing in AUD patients. Participants will undergo six weekly group MBRP sessions and daily individual mindfulness practices. Assessments will include an inhibition task, cue-induced craving task, and heartbeat discrimination task, alongside heart rate variability and 32-channel EEG recordings. Participants will be assessed pre and post treatment, with a three-month follow-up to evaluate long-term effects on abstinence and alcohol consumption.

Discussion

This study will not only elucidate the causal link between FMΘ and efficacy of MBRP, but contribute to a better understanding of how combined psychological and neuromodulation interventions can improve treatment outcomes for AUD, potentially leading to more effective therapeutic strategies. This study also seeks to explore individual differences in response to treatment, which could inform future approaches to AUD management.

Trial registration

This study received approval by the Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin Institutional Review Board (EA1/030/23, 10.11.2023). It was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT06308484).
Associations between eating habits and mental health among adolescents in five nordic countries: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Fismen Anne-Siri , Aarø Leif Edvard , Thorsteinsson Einar , Ojala Kristiina , Samdal Oddrun , Helleve Arnfinn , Eriksson Charli
Published: September 2024

Background

The role of eating habits in adolescent mental health has become a growing area of interest for researchers and health professionals. Recent studies suggest that healthy eating habits may play a role in the development and management of mental health. However, existing literature is largely based on clinical populations, and comparisons are challenged by sociocultural differences and methodological issues. The aim of the present study was to use nationally representative data based on standardized procedures, to explore associations between adolescents eating habits and mental health, considering the importance of age, gender, socioeconomic factors, and country.

Methods

The study was based on data from Nordic adolescents (age 11, 13 and 15 years) who participated in the 2017/2018 Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) study (n = 22384). General linear modelling and multigroup regression analysis were used to examine the relationship between food habits (intake of fruit, vegetables, sweets, soft drinks), meal habits (intake of breakfast and having family meals together), and mental health (life satisfaction and subjective health complaints). The analyses were weighted and adjusted for age, gender, socio-economic status, and country.

Results

Overall, healthier eating habits were associated with better mental health. The strongest associations were found between meal habits (breakfast consumption and having family meals together) and mental health. Gender and country differences were seen, with weaker associations found among Danish boys.

Conclusion

Eating habits should be considered when promoting mental health in the adolescent population. While gender differences and cross-country variations exist, even minor enhancements in eating behaviors could yield meaningful benefits.
Typological classification of attitudes toward premarital sexual behavior among Chinese undergraduates
Authors: Gan Yongtao , Liu Chang , Deng Jing , Zhang Jiahao
Published: September 2024

Background

Premarital sexual behavior (PSB) is a controversial topic in China. However, in recent times, changes in attitudes have led to PSB being more common among college students. This study investigated the attitudes of Chinese undergraduates toward PSB to identify whether a typological classification exists among them.

Methods

A total of 278 undergraduate students from two public universities in Mainland China completed a 17-item survey that included five dimensions( emotions, responsiveness, sexual health, sexual freedom, and condemnation) on attitudes toward PSB. Data were collected online from April 2023 to July 2023.

Results

The PSB questionnaire demonstrated good reliability and construct validity in this study, with a Cronbach’s α of 0.759 and a KMO value of 0.769. Meanwhile, a series of models were estimated specifying one through five latent classes and three typologies on the attitude were identified: “Affective,”“Avoidant,” and “Open.” After the best fitting model was determined, multiple analysis of variance testing of different factors such as gender, year of study and where one came from were found to have significant effects on attitude complexity (p < .01).

Conclusion

This research will contribute to the dissemination of information on PSB in China, which will be helpful in understanding relevant issues associated with PSB.
Cervical cancer screening adoption behaviours among Nigerian women in academics: using a health belief model
Authors: Iluno Adaobi C. , Oshiname Frederick O. , Adekunle Adeyemi O. , Dansou Justin
Published: September 2024

Background

Cervical Cancer is the commonest and one of the leading causes of death from cancer among women in developing countries. Screening has been shown to reduce morbidity and mortality from the illness, yet its uptake is low. This study investigated the pattern of utilization and preferences relating to the adoption of cervical screening among female postgraduate students at the University of Ibadan.

Methodology

The study was a descriptive cross-sectional survey involving the use of a multi-stage sampling technique to recruit 372 women undergoing postgraduate studies (20–52 years with a mean age of 27.3 ± 5.4) at the University of Ibadan, Nigeria. A pretested semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection and the coded data were analyzed using SPSS (version 20).

Results

Only 4.0% of the respondents had been screened for Cervical Cancer at the time of study while 86.3% expressed their desire to be screened if given the opportunity. Most participants showed a favourable perception with 70.4% disagreeing that cervical cancer is a mild disease and 50.5% agreeing that the benefits of cervical cancer screening outweigh the stress of the screening procedure. Female doctors (73.2%) topped the list of health professionals’ respondents who preferred to conduct the screening. A majority (70.7%) of the respondents preferred these screenings to be done during antenatal clinic visits. There is a significant association (p.value = 0.0007) between cervical cancer screening behaviors and sexual activity among women.

Conclusion

Poor utilization of Cervical cancer screening services is seen among Nigerian women undergoing postgraduate studies but a high willingness to utilize the services in the future with consideration to professionals delivering the service and specific locations where it can be obtained. The poor rate of cervical cancer screening from the study depicts the large extent to which cases of this cancer go without being detected till the advanced stages. Rolling out more screening strategies that will explore different service delivery points/preferences as highlighted in the study is needed for larger coverage.
A meta-ethnography of shared decision-making in mental health care from the perspective of staff and service users
Authors: Cartwright Claire , Greenhill Beth , Griffiths Alys Wyn , Harrison John
Published: September 2024

Background

Human rights, recovery, and value-based approaches are integral to strategic changes and development in mental health care. Successfully integrating such person-centred values in mental health services requires a paradigm shift from traditional biomedical models of care to a more human rights-based approach. An important aspect of this is shared decision making (SDM) between mental health staff and service users. Whilst it is widely acknowledged SDM leads to improved outcomes, there are barriers and challenges to implementing this approach effectively in clinical practice.

Objectives

This systematic review aimed to assess existing empirical research exploring mental health service users and/or staff’s attitudes towards and experiences of SDM in adult mental health care settings.

Methods

The review and protocol were registered on PROSPERO (CRD42023369472). Systematic searches were run on four databases. Search terms pertained to studies reporting on mental health staff or service users’ experiences of SDM in adult mental health care. Initial searches yielded 721 results. Included studies were analysed using a meta-ethnographic approach.

Results

Thirteen articles were included. Data were synthesised using meta ethnographic synthesis, which produced four higher order themes with related subthemes; the role of service user ownership, the influence of fluctuating capacity, the importance of therapeutic alliance and changing clinicians’ behaviours and attitudes.

Implications

Both staff and service users found SDM to be an important factor in delivering high quality, effective mental health care. Despite this, participants had very little experience of implementing SDM in practice due to several personal, professional, and organisational challenges. This suggests that differences exist between what services strive towards achieving, and the experience of those implementing this in practice. These findings suggest that further research needs to be conducted to fully understand the barriers of implementing SDM in mental health services with training delivered to staff and service users about SDM.
Examining determinants of control of metabolic syndrome among older adults with NCDs receiving service at NCD Plus clinics: multilevel analysis
Authors: Suapumee Nongnuch , Seeherunwong Acharaporn , Wanitkun Napaporn , Chansatitporn Natkamol
Published: September 2024

Background

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) in older adults with hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia increases the risks of cardiovascular diseases by 2.5 times and type 2 diabetes by five times. This study aimed to explain the multilevel relationships between health service system factors and individual-level factors influencing the control of MetS among older adults with NCDs receiving health care services at the NCD Plus clinics of hospitals in 1 year.

Methods

This cross-sectional analytical study employed a systematic sampling method to have two groups of samples from 4 regions of Thailand: (1) 600 older adults having at least one diagnosis of NCDs receiving services at NCD Plus clinics and (2) 12 nurses in charge of the NCD Plus clinics at the hospitals providing services to these patient samples. Data were analyzed using multilevel logistic regression analysis.

Results

24% of older adults with NCDs can control MetS within one year. The MetS escalation from the initial assessment to 1-year follow-up varied according to the level of the hospitals. The transition from MetS to non-MetS status was rare in older adults with NCDs. Among health service system factors, complete screening for MetS influenced 1-year MetS control (95% CI [1.06, 2.92]). Older adults who were female and who had polypharmacy had a 66% (95% CI [0.22, 0.53]) and a 54% (95% CI [0.29 − 0.71]) reduction chance in MetS control. Older adults, who were ≥ 80 years old, labor-employed, healthy dietary patterns, and medication adherence increased chances of controlling MetS by 2.38 times (95% CI [1.12, 5.05]), 2.14 times (95% CI [1.03, 4.42]), 1.61 times (95% CI [1.06–2.46]), and 3.18 times (95% CI [1.51, 6.70]), respectively.

Conclusions

NCDs Plus clinics that provide complete screening for MetS significantly enhance their effectiveness in reducing the proportion of older adults with MetS. In addition, the service should pay attention to older adults who are female, are retired, and take multiple medications to achieve MetS control better. The insights gained from such an analysis could be instrumental in pinpointing the resources necessary to bolster the efficacy of NCD Plus clinics.
A qualitative reflexive thematic analysis of innovation and regulation in hearing health care
Authors: Boisvert Isabelle , Rivera Samantha Cruz , Smith-Merry Jennifer , Molony-Oates Barbara , Kecman Emily , Hughes Sarah E.
Published: September 2024

Background

The hearing health sector is an example of a health sector that is experiencing a period of rapid innovation driven by digital technologies. These innovations will impact the types of interventions and services available to support the communication of deaf and hard-of-hearing individuals. This study explored the perceptions of informed participants on the topic of innovation and regulation within hearing healthcare in Australia and the United Kingdom (UK).

Methods

Participants (N = 29, Australia [n = 16], UK [n = 13]) were purposively sampled and joined one of two online workshops. Participants included adults with hearing loss and family members, hearing health professionals, academics/researchers, representatives of hearing device manufacturers, regulators and policymakers. Workshop data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.

Results

Participants conceptualised the hearing health sector as a network of organisations and individuals with different roles, knowledge and interests, in a state of flux driven by innovation and regulation. Innovation and regulation were perceived as mechanisms to ensure quality and mitigate risk within a holistic approach to care. Innovations encompassed technological as well as non-technological innovations of potential benefit to consumers. Participants agreed it was essential for innovation and regulation to be congruent with societal values. Critical to ethical congruence was the involvement of consumers throughout both innovation and regulation stages, and the use of innovation and regulation to tackle stigma and reduce health disparities. Participants expressed the desire for accessible and inclusive innovation in the context of fair, transparent and trustworthy commercial practices.

Conclusions

This study explored how stakeholders within the hearing health sector understand and make sense of innovation and the role of regulation. Overall, and despite reservations relating to health care professionals’ changing roles and responsibilities, innovation and regulation were conceptualised as beneficial when situated in the context of holistic, whole-person, models of care. The results of this study will inform considerations to support the development and implementation of innovations and regulation within the hearing sector and across other health sectors influenced by technological advances.
TRPV2 calcium channel promotes breast cancer progression potential by activating autophagy
Authors: Li Qing , Li Huixian , Zhu Ruiwen , Cho William Chi Shing , Yao Xiaoqiang , Leung Fung Ping , Tse Gary , Leung Lai Kwok , Wong Wing Tak
Published: September 2024

Breast cancer, the most prevalent and aggressive tumor affecting women, requires identification of disease determinants to facilitate the development of effective therapeutic strategies. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 2 (TRPV2), an ion channel highly permeable for calcium (Ca2+), is implicated in physiological and pathological processes. Nevertheless, the role of TRPV2 in breast cancer remains poorly elucidated. In this study, we found high levels of TRPV2 expression associated with advanced malignancy, thereby suggesting its potential as a biomarker for breast cancer staging. We demonstrated that TRPV2 activation promotes breast cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, while silencing of TRPV2 suppresses breast cancer progression, highlighting the oncogenic role of TRPV2. Moreover, we reveal that TRPV2 facilitates cancer progression by modulating the CaMKKβ/AMPK/ULK1-autophagic axis through mediating calcium influx, providing new insights into TRPV2 as a novel therapeutic target for breast cancer treatment.