bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Process‐Based Review of Mouse Models of Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Das Mita , Fessel Joshua , Tang Haiyang , West James
Published: December 2012

Genetically modified mouse models have unparalleled power to determine the mechanisms behind different processes involved in the molecular and physiologic etiology of various classes of human pulmonary hypertension (PH). Processes known to be involved in PH for which there are extensive mouse models available include the following: (1) Regulation of vascular tone through secreted vasoactive factors; (2) regulation of vascular tone through potassium and calcium channels; (3) regulation of vascular remodeling through alteration in metabolic processes, either through alteration in substrate usage or through circulating factors; (4) spontaneous vascular remodeling either before or after development of elevated pulmonary pressures; and (5) models in which changes in tone and remodeling are primarily driven by inflammation. PH development in mice is of necessity faster and with different physiologic ramifications than found in human disease, and so mice make poor models of natural history of PH. However, transgenic mouse models are a perfect tool for studying the processes involved in pulmonary vascular function and disease, and can effectively be used to test interventions designed against particular molecular pathways and processes involved in disease.
Safety and Feasibility of Obtaining Wedged Pulmonary Artery Samples and Differential Distribution of Biomarkers in Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Fares Wassim H. , Ford Hubert James , Ghio Andrew J. , Aris Robert M.
Published: December 2012

This study aims to evaluate the safety and feasibility of obtaining wedged pulmonary artery (PA) samples and investigate the differential vascular beds' distribution of select inflammatory and cellular adhesion molecules that are implicated in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) pathogenesis. This is a cross‐sectional study of adult patients. Serum samples were simultaneously drawn from three different vascular sites during right heart catheterization as part of PAH evaluation: The superior vena cava, distal pulmonary artery prior to wedging, and distal pulmonary artery after (and distal to) wedging. The study group was comprised of patients with either PAH or chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (i.e., WHO/Dana Point Group 1 or 4). The internal control group included patients whose hemodynamics were not consistent with pulmonary hypertension. The external control group consisted of healthy volunteers who had a peripheral venous sample drawn. The mean age of the 25 study patients was 55 ± 14 years and mean BMI was 31 ± 10, and those of the 25 internal control patients were 49 ± 14 years and 26 ± 5, respectively. There were no complications resulting from obtaining wedged PA samples. Obtaining adequate wedged samples was successful in 80% of patients. More severe pulmonary hypertension was associated with lower success rates. There were no significant differences in the concentrations of the different biomarkers studied amongst the different vascular sites (n = 25 study patients). There was a nonsignificant trend of decreasing biomarkers concentrations from peripheral to wedged to un‐wedged PA samples. Compared to the healthy external controls, sVCAM‐1 levels were higher in the study group. Obtaining wedged PA blood samples is safe and feasible in adult patients with pulmonary hypertension. There were no differences in the distribution of markers between the vascular beds within patients.
Peroxisome Proliferator‐Activated Receptor Gamma (PPARγ) Regulates Thrombospondin‐1 and Nox4 Expression in Hypoxia‐Induced Human Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation
Authors: Green David E. , Kang Bum‐Yong , Murphy Tamara C. , Hart C. Michael
Published: December 2012

Transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐ β1) and thrombospondin‐1 (TSP‐1) are hypoxia‐responsive mitogens that promote vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation, a critical event in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension (PH). We previously demonstrated that hypoxia‐induced human pulmonary artery smooth muscle (HPASMC) cell proliferation and expression of the NADPH oxidase subunit, Nox4, were attenuated by the peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonist, rosiglitazone. The current study examines the hypothesis that rosiglitazone regulates Nox4 expression and HPASMC proliferation by attenuating TSP‐1 signaling. Selected HPASMC were exposed to normoxic or hypoxic (1% O2) environments or TSP‐1 (0‐1 μg/ml) for 72 hours ± administration of rosiglitazone (10 μM). Cellular proliferation, Nox4, TSP‐1, and TGF‐β1 expression and reactive oxygen species generation were measured. Mice exposed to hypoxia (10% O2) for three weeks were treated with rosiglitazone (10 mg/kg/day) for the final 10 days, and lung TSP‐1 expression was examined. Hypoxia increased TSP‐1 and TGF‐P1 expression and HPASMC proliferation, and neutralizing antibodies to TSP‐1 or TGF‐β1 attenuated proliferation. Rosiglitazone attenuated hypoxia‐induced HPASMC proliferation and increases in mouse lung and HPASMC TSP‐1 expression, but failed to reduce increases in TGF‐β1 expression or Nox4 expression and activity caused by direct TSP‐1 stimulation. Transfecting HPASMC with siRNA to Nox4 attenuated hypoxia‐ ∗∗∗or TSP‐1‐stimulated HPASMC proliferation. These findings provide novel evidence that TSP‐1‐mediated Nox4 expression plays a critical role in hypoxia‐induced HPASMC proliferation. PPARγ activation with exogenous ligands attenuates TSP‐1 expression to reduce Nox4 expression. These results clarify mechanisms of hypoxia‐induced SMC proliferation and suggest additional pathways by which PPARγ agonists may regulate critical steps in the pathobiology of PH.
Associated Inflammation or Increased Flow‐Mediated Shear Stress, but not Pressure Alone, Disrupts Endothelial Caveolin‐1 in Infants with Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Dereddy Narendra , Huang Jing , Erb Markus , Guzel Sibel , Wolk John H , Sett Suvro S , Gewitz Michael H , Mathew Rajamma
Published: December 2012

Endothelial caveolin‐1 loss is an important feature of pulmonary hypertension (PH); the rescue of caveolin‐1 abrogates experimental PH. Recent studies in human PH suggest that the endothelial caveolin‐1 loss is followed by an enhanced expression of caveolin‐1 in smooth muscle cells (SMC) with subsequent neointima formation. In order to evaluate caveolin‐1 expression in infants with PH, we examined the available clinical histories, hemodynamic data, and the expression of caveolin‐1, PECAM‐1, vWF, and smooth muscle α‐actin in the lung biopsy/autopsy specimens obtained from infants with congenital heart disease (CHD, n = 8) and lung disease (n = 9). In CHD group, PH associated with increased pulmonary blood flow exhibited loss of endothelial caveolin‐1 and PECAM‐1 in pulmonary arteries; additional vWF loss was associated with enhanced expression of caveolin‐1 in SMC. In the absence of PH, increased or decreased pulmonary blood flow did not disrupt endothelial caveolin‐1, PECAM‐1, or vWF; nor was there any enhanced expression of caveolin‐1 in SMC. In Lung Disease + PH group, caveolin‐1, PECAM‐1, and vWF were well preserved in seven infants, and importantly, SMC in these arteries did not exhibit enhanced caveolin‐1 expression. Two infants with associated inflammatory disease exhibited loss of endothelial caveolin‐1 and PECAM‐1; additional loss of vWF was accompanied by enhanced expression of caveolin‐1 in SMC. Thus, associated flow‐induced shear stress or inflammation, but not elevated pulmonary artery pressure alone, disrupts endothelial caveolin‐1. Subsequent vWF loss, indicative of extensive endothelial damage is associated with enhanced expression of caveolin‐1 in SMC, which may worsen the disease.
Endothelin‐1 as a Mediator and Potential Biomarker for Interferon Induced Pulmonary Toxicity
Authors: George Peter M. , Cunningham Morven E. , Galloway‐Phillipps Neil , Badiger Rekha , Alazawi William , Foster Graham R. , Mitchell Jane A.
Published: December 2012

Endothelin‐1 is a potent vasoconstrictor and a therapeutic target in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Endothelial cells are the physiological source of endothelin‐1 but in vitro data from our group shows that interferons (IFNα, IFNβ or IFNγ) induce endothelin‐1 in pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cells. IFNs are integral to innate immunity and their antiviral and immunomodulatory capability has been harnessed therapeutically; for example, IFNα plays a critical role in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C infection. However, in some patients, IFN causes pneumonitis and possibly irreversible pulmonary arterial hypertension. In this study, we found that of 16 patients undergoing a six‐month course of IFNα therapy, two demonstrated considerably increased serum levels of endothelin‐1. We propose that IFN therapy results in elevated levels of endothelin‐1 in some patients and when clinically significant levels are reached, pulmonary side effects could ensue. This hypothesis can be easily tested in IFN‐treated patients by measuring serum endothelin‐1 levels and cardiopulmonary physiological parameters.
In Vivo and in Vitro Measurements of Pulmonary Arterial Stiffness: A Brief Review
Authors: Tian Lian , Chester Naomi C.
Published: December 2012

During the progression of pulmonary hypertension (PH), proximal pulmonary arteries (PAs) undergo remodeling such that they become thicker and the elastic modulus increases. Both of these changes increase the vascular stiffness. The increase in pulmonary vascular stiffness contributes to increased right ventricular (RV) afterload, which causes RV hypertrophy and eventually failure. Studies have found that proximal PA stiffness or its inverse, compliance, is strongly related to morbidity and mortality in patients with PH. Therefore, accurate in vivo measurement of PA stiffness is useful for prognoses in patients with PH. It is also important to understand the structural changes in PAs that occur with PH that are responsible for stiffening. Here, we briefly review the most common parameters used to quantify stiffness and in vivo and in vitro methods for measuring PA stiffness in human and animal models. For in vivo approaches, we review invasive and noninvasive approaches that are based on measurements of pressure and inner or outer diameter or cross‐sectional area. For in vitro techniques, we review several different testing methods that mimic one, two or several aspects of physiological loading (e.g., uniaxial and biaxial testing, dynamic inflation‐force testing). Many in vivo and in vitro measurement methods exist in the literature, and it is important to carefully choose an appropriate method to measure PA stiffness accurately. Therefore, advantages and disadvantages of each approach are discussed.
Acute Improvement in Right Ventricular Function after Treatment of Presumed Massive Pulmonary Embolism with Thrombolytics
Authors: Brittain Evan L. , Janz David R. , Monahan Kenneth J. , Sevin Carla M.
Published: December 2012

Acute massive pulmonary embolism results in a rise in pulmonary vascular resistance and acute right ventricular dilation and systolic dysfunction. In unstable patients who cannot safely undergo computed tomography, echocardiography can often provide direct and indirect evidence of pulmonary embolism. We present a case in which clinical and echocardiographic evidence provided sufficient evidence of PE to initiate treatment. Dynamic improvement in hemodynamics and echocardiographic parameters of RV function indicated successful treatment.
Internet: Monitored Freedom
Authors: Contreras Fernando Kuschnaroff , Oliveira Fatima Bayma , Muller Evelyn Souto Martins
Published: December 2012

The Internet is a phenomenal research and information tool. It has entered the lives of people in an extremely fast way, offering a sense of freedom, and discoveries. This study presents the Internet usage in organizations, along with the use of equipment and information systems supplied by the employer and personal Internet usage at work. The subjects of the present research are businesspeople chosen among employees with a university degree in companies in the City of Curitiba, in the State of Paraná, with leading, managerial or operational occupations, with access to the Internet in their offices as well as at home. The study proposal consists of a critical analysis on the theme.
Impact of Biofilms on Quality of Life of Rhinosinusitis Patients after Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
Authors: Gupta Neelima , Singh PP , Vaid Lakshmi , Arya Manish , Saha Rumpa
Published: December 2012

Introduction

The chronic and recalcitrant nature of rhinosinusitis has been known from many years. Many reasons for this have been implicated and biofilms have now been established as one of the cause for its recurrent and persistent nature. Little literature and studies exist confirming this effect. This study presents analysis of sinonasal mucosal samples and correlates presence of biofilms with surgical outcomes.

Materials and methods

An analysis of mucosal samples collected during endoscopic sinus surgery from 40 patients of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) was done. Preoperative symptoms, endoscopic and radiological scores were documented and mucosal samples collected intraoperatively were sent for biofilm detection. Biofilm detection was performed using microtiter plate method. Postoperatively patients were followed up for minimum of 3 months with endoscopic evaluation and presence of ongoing symptoms was also recorded.

Results

Thirteen patients out of 40 patients showed positive bacterial culture. Eight out of 13, i.e. 61.53% bacteria produced biofilms and five out of 13, i.e. 38.46% bacteria did not produce biofilms. Patients with biofilms had significantly worse preoperative and postoperative symptom and endoscopic scores. Thus, presence of biofilms was related to poor outcomes.

Conclusion

This study showed that the presence of biofilms was correlated with higher symptom scores and poorer surgical outcomes. Also, more recurrences were found in patients with positive biofilms. This strengthens the belief that biofilms may play an active role in persisting mucosal inflammation and persistent symptoms in some patients of CRS. Treatment modalities aiming removal of biofilms may be important in management of CRS.

How to cite this article

Vaid L, Arya M, Gupta N, Singh PP, Saha R. Impact of Biofilms on Quality of Life of Rhinosinusitis Patients after Endoscopic Sinus Surgery. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2012;5(3):95-102.
Acute Dacryocystitis with Abscess: Endonasal Dacryocystorhinostomy, the Primary Treatment of Choice
Authors: Naik Sudhir , Naik Sarika S
Published: December 2012

Background/objectives

Acute dacryocystitis, or inflammation of the lacrimal sac with abscess, is almost always secondary to nasolacrimal duct obstruction. The standard practice for treatment is incision and drainage because of concerns about the risks of exacerbation and spread of infection. Here, we tried to evaluate primary endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (EnDCR) as a treatment for acute dacryocystitis with abscess formation.

Materials and methods

This is comparative case series analysis study done during the study period of 54 months from January 2007 to May 2011. A total of 46 cases of acute dacryocystitis with lacrimal abscess managed were included in the study. Twenty-one cases were operated primarily with EnDCR. Rest of the 25 cases was managed conventionally by incision and drainage and later by an external DCR.

Results

Swelling disappeared intraoperatively in all EnDCR cases while medial canthal edema and erythema completely reduced within 2 to 3 days postoperatively. While in incision and drainage swelling disappeared partially intraoperatively and repeated draining was needed on the 2nd and 3rd day. The mean visual analog scale (VAS) score on first postoperative day was 3.14 in group A and was 4.64 in group B. Group A had faster pain relief with 95.23% improvement in epiphora while group B had slower pain relief but epiphora remained. Mean intraoperative blood was 65 ml in group A and minimal in group B.

Conclusion

Primary EnDCR is successful as a procedure of choice for acute dacryocystitis with abscess preventing further episodes of abscess formation and epiphora in the patients. We recommend EnDCR as the treatment of choice for acute dacryocystitis with lacrimal abscess.

How to cite this article

Naik SM, Naik SS. Acute Dacryocystitis with Abscess: Endonasal Dacryocystorhinostomy, the Primary Treatment of Choice. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2012;5(3):107-113.
Capillary Hemangioma of the Lateral Nasal Wall: An Unusual Location
Authors: Gupta Dharmendra Kumar , Somavanshi Samvartika , Bharti Rajni , Shree Neetu
Published: December 2012

Capillary hemangioma also known as lobular capillary hemangioma (LCH) or pyogenic granuloma is a benign, vascular lesion of unknown origin, composed of blood vessels and are probably developmental rather than neoplastic in origin. They usually affect skin and mucous membranes of the oral cavity and rarely nasal mucosa. LCH bleeds on manipulations due to high vascularity. Microtraumas and hormonal imbalance are the major etiological factors in its development. Total excisional surgery is sufficient for treatment of the LCH. Capillary hemangioma arising from the nasal cavity is rarely encountered in our practice and rarely reported in the literature. We are reporting this case of LCH of lateral nasal wall because of its unusual location.

How to cite this article

Gupta DK, Somavanshi S, Agrawal A, Bharti R, Shree N. Capillary Hemangioma of the Lateral Nasal Wall: An Unusual Location. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2012;5(3): 127-129.
Bilateral Congenital Choanal Atresia in an 11-year-old Girl: An Unusual Presentation
Authors: Chandrashekharayya SH , Handi Prakash S , Riyas Mohammed
Published: December 2012

Congenital choanal atresia (CCA) is characterized by narrowing of posterior nasal apertures in newborns present with nasal obstruction and respiratory difficulty. Although unilateral obstruction goes unnoticed at birth, bilateral case is an emergency situation because newborn is an obligate nasal breather. Here, we present an unusual case of bilateral choanal atresia in an 11-year-old girl, which is a rare finding. Surgical correction was done by transnasal approach using endoscopes and otological drill.

How to cite this article

Chandrashekharayya SH, Handi PS, Riyas M. Bilateral Congenital Choanal Atresia in an 11-year-old Girl: An Unusual Presentation. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2012;5(3):132-134.
Rhinocerebral Mucormycosis Presenting as Oroantral Fistula
Authors: Mane Rajashri Shailendra , Patil Balasaheb Chougonda , Mohite Anjana Avinash
Published: December 2012

Mucormycosis refers to a severe infection with fungi of order Mucorales, seen in diabetic and immunocompromised patients. Rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis is known to exist in two forms, the well-known acute form and the less well-recognized chronic form. The most common presenting features of the chronic form are ophthalmologic, including ptosis, proptosis, visual loss and ophthalmoplegia. Here, we report a case of chronic rhinocerebral mucormycosis (RCM) presented with nonhealing oroantral fistula in a diabetic patient without any orbital symptoms. We are reporting this case for its unusual presentation.

How to cite this article

Mane RS, Patil BC, Mohite AA. Rhinocerebral Mucormycosis Presenting as Oroantral Fistula. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2012;5(3):135-137.
Institucionalização da política de desenvolvimento de pessoas em instituições federais de ensino de Minas Gerais
Authors: Freitas Áurea Maria Resende de , Oliveira Adriel Rodrigues de , Emmendoerfer Magnus Luiz , Cunha Nina Rosa da Silveira
Published: December 2012

Verificar o estágio de institucionalização da política de desenvolvimento de servidores das Instituições Federais de Ensino (IFEs), na percepção de gestores de pessoas, foi o objetivo deste estudo de caso de 13 IFEs localizadas em Minas Gerais. As informações foram coletadas por meio de entrevista semiestruturada e documentos das instituições pesquisadas, tratadas por meio da análise de conteúdo. Utilizando a Teoria Institucional, tendo como contraponto as características da administração pública brasileira, possibilitou a compreensão sobre o processo de institucionalização dos cinco instrumentos gerenciais especificados na legislação de gestão de pessoas: Política Nacional de Desenvolvimento de Pessoal; Política de Desenvolvimento dos Integrantes da Carreira; Programa de Capacitação e Aperfeiçoamento; Programa de Avaliação de Desempenho; e Dimensionamento das Necessidades Institucionais. Verificou-se que tais instrumentos encontravam-se em estágios de pré e semi-institucionalização, evidenciando que houve avanços em direção à profissionalização da força de trabalho nas IFEs. Entretanto, estas ainda carecem de ações efetivas para enfrentarem os novos temas da agenda de gestão de pessoas do setor público, ou seja, a integração da arquitetura de recursos humanos estratégicos nos processos institucionais, a vinculação da política de desenvolvimento ao planejamento institucional, a questão da democratização das relações de trabalho e a gestão por competência.
A influência do sistema de avaliação nos programas de pós-graduação stricto sensu brasileiro
Authors: Martins Cibele Barsalini , Maccari Emerson Antonio , Storopoli Jose Eduardo , Almeida Martinho Isnard Ribeiro de , Riccio Edson Luiz
Published: December 2012

Neste artigo foi analisado como o sistema de avaliação da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – CAPES influenciou os programas de pós-graduação stricto sensu brasileiro da área de Administração, Ciências Contábeis e Turismo a se adaptarem para o atendimento dos quesitos deste sistema de avaliação. Apoiados nos Cadernos de Indicadores disponibilizados no site da CAPES, a pesquisa se caracterizou como descritiva, exploratória e documental. Como resultados, foi possível identificar três ações colocadas em práticas pelos programas que possuíam as notas mais elevadas e os programas que subiram de notas consecutivamente nos três triênios avaliados: a) constância no número de defesas de Teses e Dissertações; b) dinamismo na composição (alterações/adaptações) do corpo de docentes; e c) consolidação das redes de colaboração de publicações entre os professores do corpo docente do mesmo programa.
A identidade institucional da universidade brasileira segundo atores macrossociais relevantes: convergências e conflitos
Authors: Ésther Angelo Brigato
Published: December 2012

A análise acerca da identidade institucional da universidade brasileira é uma tarefa árdua, na medida em que há discursos de diversos atores sociais com matizes político-ideológicas diversas e nem sempre convergentes, e que ganham “atualizações” ao longo do tempo histórico, de modo a não apenas evitar anacronismos, mas sobretudo encorpar a defesa de posições. Para tanto, muitos artifícios são utilizados, fazendo-se uso de estatísticas, comparações quantitativas e qualitativas, mas de modo nem sempre contextualizado. Neste artigo, é realizada uma análise acerca dos discursos oficiais, por assim dizer, dos que aqui denominamos “atores macrossociais relevantes”, buscando identificar aspectos convergentes e divergentes, de modo a tentar clarificar como tais atores definem a instituição universitária brasileira, ou seja, como definem e descrevem a identidade institucional da universidade brasileira. Evidentemente, não se esgota o assunto nem as possibilidades, mas o objetivo é identificar a concepção central dos atores macrossociais em sua forma mais conceitual, ou seja, não se trata de identificar aspectos operacionais acerca das universidades. Ao contrário, trata-se de apontar e discutir as identidades defendidas e propostas, a partir da referência fundamental expressa na legislação brasileira, e que representa a posição do governo central.
O plano de desenvolvimento institucional e o projeto pedagógico institucional de universidades públicas: limites organizacionais
Authors: Picchiai Djair
Published: December 2012

Observa-se a dificuldade de planejamento nas Universidades devido à falta de uma estrutura organizacional formalizada na área de gestão e execução de suas atividades. Os processos gerenciais e administrativos são executados de forma incipiente, prejudicando a capilaridade da estrutura quanto às informações e seus fluxos que dão forma e dinâmica à gestão. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar os Planos de Desenvolvimento Institucionais (PDIs) e Projetos Pedagógicos Institucionais (PPIs) de Universidades Públicas selecionadas. Constatou-se, por meio da leitura dos estatutos e regimentos gerais, que não se formalizam as atividades gerenciais da Universidade, tampouco as atribuições de seus órgãos administrativos e suas alçadas. Formalizam apenas, na maior parte das vezes, as competências dos órgãos superiores e dos colegiados, prejudicando a concepção e implantação dos planos da Universidade. Na literatura analisada encontram-se caminhos para a análise e propostas das questões levantadas de institucionalização e planejamento. Acredita-se que a execução do planejamento é o ponto-chave deste processo. As teorias explicam, em parte, os problemas encontrados, pois eles são muito específicos do setor público e das Universidades. Estas, por sua vez, exigem um tratamento diferenciado das teorias sobre gestão e planejamento.
Desafios do financiamento das universidades estaduais paulistas
Authors: Protti Alberto Teixeira , Luque Carlos Antonio , Cruz Hélio Nogueira da
Published: December 2012

O presente artigo trata dos desafios do financiamento das Universidades Estaduais Paulistas frente ao aumento da demanda por vagas nos seus cursos de graduação e ao crescimento das pressões sobre o orçamento do setor educacional do Estado, em decorrência da recente eleveção do percentual mínimo de aplicação de recursos na educação básica definido pelo FUNDEB. Desde o final dos anos 80, as Universidades Estaduais Paulistas possuem suas receitas vinculadas à arrecadação do ICMS. Entretanto, ao contrário da educação básica, cuja vinculação decorre de dispositivo constitucional, a vinculação das universidades apresenta uma maior fragilidade, uma vez que é definida a cada ano por meio da Lei de Diretrizes Orçamentárias do Estado. Possíveis pressões por aumento de recursos poderão ser mais facilmente acomodadas diante de um cenário de crescimento econômico mais robusto. Caso contrário, as Universidades Estaduais precisarão encontrar alternativas para o financiamento de sua expansão.
A universidade está contribuindo para a igualdade de gênero? Um olhar sobre a percepção dos docentes de pós-graduação
Authors: Farber Susana Gauche , Verdinelli Miguel Angel , Ramezanali Mehran
Published: December 2012

O princípio da igualdade, fundamental aos direitos humanos, é sabidamente um pressuposto do desenvolvimento social e econômico com harmonia das nações. E, neste sentido, o papel das instituições deve ser bastante contributivo, destacando-se dentre elas a universidade, pois é ai que se formam cidadãos, profissionais e professores de todos os níveis da educação formal. Em face disto, o objetivo geral do artigo é analisar a percepção que têm da igualdade e desigualdade de gênero, na academia, os docentes que atuam em universidades comunitárias de Santa Catarina, em programas de pós-graduação stricto sensu acadêmicos. Para tanto o design da pesquisa foi um levantamento com sete professores de três cursos desta natureza. Cabe destacar que este trabalho representa uma parte de uma pesquisa maior. Os dados foram obtidos com entrevistas em profundidade e submetidos à análise do discurso. Os resultados demostram que há desigualdade nesse âmbito, mesmo que sútil ou invisivelmente. Associam-se com isto comportamentos patriarcais, os que afetam e dificultam seu desempenho profissional. Os resultados respeito de suas visões sobre a universidade e sua contribuição para a igualdade, salientam quão importantes são estas instituições para o esclarecimento, criação de oportunidades e igualdade, bem como, para a promoção de mudanças.
Investigación comparada en educación: procesos de incorporación de las TIC en la práctica docente del SUAyED-FFyL UNAM
Authors: Moreno Ileana Rojas , Cazales Zaira Navarrete , Alemán José Miguel Sánchez
Published: December 2012

El proyecto de investigación que presentamos tiene como propósito central la preparación de un estado del conocimiento que caracterice un panorama de corte comparativo sobre la práctica docente de los profesores del Sistema de Universidad Abierta y Educación a Distancia de la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras de la UNAM, (SUAyED/FFyL-UNAM), destacando en particular los procesos de incorporación y manejo de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) en el trabajo docente cotidiano en condiciones de no presencialidad (enseñanza abierta, enseñanza virtual), a fin de analizar aportes, ventajas y limitaciones de esta tendencia actual.Un aspecto nodal de esta investigación consiste en ubicar, comparar y analizar las especificidades en cuanto a la incorporación y el manejo de las TIC por parte de los profesores de las diversas Licenciaturas que conforman la planta académica de la División SUAyED/FFyL. Estimamos que los resultados de este trabajo representarán un aporte de base para la toma de decisiones posteriores relacionadas con aspectos como contratación de personal, procesos de actualización, productividad y evaluación académicas, proyectos de trabajo colegiado, entre otros. Asimismo, consideramos que todo lo anterior redundará de manera definitiva en favor del rendimiento académico de los estudiantes universitarios de esta modalidad educativa.
Gestão da educação a distância: sistema e estrutura organizacional diante do ENADE
Authors: Serra Antonio Roberto Coelho , Mourão Luciana , Costa Gustavo Pereira da
Published: December 2012

Este trabalho focaliza as diversas concepções e fundamentos teóricos acerca das abordagens sobre sistemas de educação a distância e estrutura organizacional, para concepção do que denominou-se configuração da gestão da educação a distância (EAD). Analisou-se a relação entre as configurações das gestões dos cursos a distância de Administração, projeto piloto da Universidade Aberta do Brasil e os seus conceitos definidos pelo Exame Nacional de Desempenho de Estudantes. O trabalho parte de uma descrição da estrutura organizacional da área responsável pela educação a distância nas universidades pesquisadas. Também foram analisados e comparados os sistemas de EAD do curso piloto da UAB, a partir dos referenciais de qualidade para educação superior a distância do MEC. Trata-se de uma pesquisa predominantemente qualitativa, descritiva, explicativa e multicaso, cuja coleta de dados foi feita a partir de entrevistas, grupos focais, questionários online e documentos. Evidenciou-se relação forte e direta entre as configurações das gestões do curso piloto e os respectivos resultados no Enade. Assim, admite-se que as diferenças nos resultados no Enade das instituições de ensino investigadas têm relação direta com o modo de estruturação dos seus setores responsáveis pela intermediação da EAD.
Universidade e compromisso social: o impacto cultural, econômico e social promovido pela Faculdade Municipal de Palhoça
Authors: Silva Carolina , Pereira Fabio Henrique , Rodrigues Joici Lilian , Pereira Mariah Terezinha Nascimento , Medeiros Maristela Vieira
Published: December 2012

Este artigo tem como objetivo identificar o impacto social, econômico e cultural que a Faculdade Municipal de Palhoça provoca no município. Para fundamentar o tema realizou-se a revisão de literatura com base em autores clássicos e contemporâneos contemplando o tema administração universitária.  Foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa documental com base em documentos internos da FMP. Utilizou-se do método de pesquisa bibliográfica, exploratória e descritiva e analise qualitativa. Concluiu-se que o impacto social, econômico e cultural da Faculdade Municipal de Palhoça é notório, fundamentado nas características e vocação da instituição que atua diretamente na comunidade com projetos extensionistas, e um modelo de gestão empreendedora com foco em atender as necessidades do município, desenvolve seus projetos de cursos de graduação e pós graduação com foco no desenvolvimento local. A FMP faz parte da cidade de Palhoça.
Importancia de la responsabilidad social universitaria como desarrollo social de la Ciudad de Coronel Oviedo
Authors: Recalde Hugo Alfredo , Lusardi Willian Cantero , Jara Juan
Published: December 2012

Dentro del marco de la responsabilidad social universitaria la UNC@, La Dirección de Investigación Científica realizo  un “Estudio de Prevalencia de Parásitos Intestinales en Escolares de la Cuidad de Coronel Oviedo, se analizaron 638 muestras. Siendo los resultados: el 24% de los niños estaban parasitados, 45% de Áscaris lumbricoides, 35% de Giardia lamblia, 16% de Hymenolepis, 4% de Ansylotoma duodenale, de ello nace el proyecto un cambio en el barrio 1 de Marzo que  consistió en talleres de capacitación en las áreas de las Ciencias Medicas, Ciencias Tecnológicas y Ciencias Económicas, dentro del campo de acción del conocimiento de cada Facultad. El  trabajo  se dividió en  2 etapas,  la concienciación de la población estudiantil a través de charlas educativas impartidas por los becarios de la FCM, la segunda etapa en la realización del control antropométrico, administración de la dosis de antiparasitario y control de liendres de piojos con la entrega de los insumos para el tratamiento de los piojos. En esta actividad se invirtieron 56 horas distribuidas en 38 actividades, con una participación de aproximadamente 1.310 personas. De esta lógica de intervención se trabajo el componente de la transformación cultural de las personas al insertar en ellos las practicas de prevención y promoción de la salud, de esta manera la Universidad Nacional de Caaguazú cumple con la función integradora de la RSU
EDITORIAL V. 5, Nº 4, DEZEMBRO, EDIÇÃO ESPECIAL 2012
Authors: Melo Pedro Antonio de
Published: December 2012

EDITORIAL V. 5, Nº 4, DEZEMBRO, EDIÇÃO ESPECIAL 2012
Programmable thermal dissociation of reactive gaseous mercury – a potential approach to chemical speciation: results from a field study
Authors: Tatum Ernest C. , Donohoue D. , Bauer D. , Ter Schure A. , Hynes A. J.
Published: December 2012

Abstract. The use of programmable thermal dissociation (PTD) as an approach to investigating the chemical speciation of reactive gaseous mercury (RGM, Hg2+) has been explored in a field study. In this approach RGM is collected on a denuder and analyzed using PTD. The denuder is placed in an oven and the dissociation of the RGM is measured, as a function of temperature, by monitoring the evolution of elemental mercury (GEM, Hg0) in real time using laser-induced fluorescence (LIF). The technique was tested in a field campaign at a coal-fired power plant in Pensacola, Florida. Uncoated tubular denuders were used to obtain samples from the plant's stack exhaust gases and from the stack plume, downwind of the stack using an airship. The PTD profiles from these samples were compared with PTD profiles of HgCl2.
An adjusted location model for SuperDARN backscatter echoes
Authors: Liu E. X. , Hu H. Q. , Liu R. Y. , Wu Z. S. , Lester M.
Published: December 2012

Abstract. The radars that form the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) receive scatter from ionospheric irregularities in both the E- and F-regions, as well as the Earth's surface, either ground or sea. For ionospheric scatter, the current SuperDARN standard software considers a straight-line propagation from the radar to the scattering zone with an altitude assigned by a standard height model. The knowledge of the group delay to a scatter volume is not sufficient for an exact determination of the location of the irregularities. In this study, the difference between the locations of the backscatter echoes determined by SuperDARN standard software and by ray tracing has been evaluated, using the ionosonde data collected at Sodankylä, which is in the field-of-view of Hankasalmi SuperDARN radar. By studying elevation angle information of backscattered echoes from the data sets of Hankasalmi radar in 2008, we have proposed an adjusted fitting location model determined by slant range and elevation angle. To test the reliability of the adjusted model, an independent data set is selected in 2009. The result shows that the difference between the adjusted model and the ray tracing is significantly reduced and the adjusted model could provide a more accurate location for backscatter targets.
The Hydropedograph Toolbox and its application
Authors: Graham C. B. , Lin H. S.
Published: December 2012

Abstract. The Hydropedograph Toolbox has been developed to provide a set of standardized tools for analyzing soil moisture time series in an efficient and consistent manner. This toolbox contains various modules that permit the exploration and visualization of key soil hydrological parameters and processes using multi-depth real-time soil moisture monitoring datasets. This includes statistical summary, soil water release curve, preferential flow occurrence, hydraulic redistribution, and the relationship between soil moisture and soil temperature. After describing this toolbox, this paper demonstrates the utility of this toolbox in a case study from the Shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory in USA. The case study illustrates the topographic impacts on soil moisture dynamics along a hillslope transect, and quantifies the frequency of the occurrence of preferential flow, diel fluxes of water, and seasonal storage dynamics. It is expected that such a toolbox, with continued enhancements in the future and wide applications across diverse landscapes, can facilitate the advancement of comparative hydrology and hydropedology.
Glacier volume estimation as an ill-posed boundary value problem
Authors: Bahr D. B. , Pfeffer W. T. , Kaser G.
Published: December 2012

Abstract. Estimating a glacier's volume by inferring properties at depth from properties observed at the surface creates an instability that grows exponentially with the size of the glacier. Random errors from this instability can overwhelm the volume calculation unless problematic short spatial wavelengths are specifically excluded. Volume-area scaling inherently filters these short wavelengths and automatically eliminates the instability, but typical numerical inversions must filter the correct wavelengths explicitly. The world's total glacier and ice cap (GIC) volume is calculated from the sum of hundreds of thousands of ice masses, dramatically reducing the random error from the "ill-posed" instability. However, the variance of the total GIC volume estimate will be exponentially larger if the instability is not carefully controlled. When all other considerations are equal, greater confidence should be placed in total volume estimates that eliminate the ill-posed instability versus those estimates that do not.
Music, Magic, and the Mythic: The Dynamics of Visual and Aural Discourse in Souleymane Cissé’s Yeelen
Authors: Fisher Alexander
Published: December 2012

The 1980s saw a wave of African films that aimed to represent, on both local and international screens, a sophisticated pre-colonial Africa, representing ancient myths and traditions while simultaneously debunking notions of the continent as primitive. Toward this aim the films inscribed the conventions of oral performance within their visual styles, denying spectator identification with the protagonists and emphasising the presence of the narrator. However, some critics argued that these films exoticised Africa, while their use of oral performance’s distancing effect echoed the ‘scientific’ distance structured by the ethnographic film, in which African societies were represented as ‘the other’. Souleymane Cissé’s Yeelen exemplifies this tension, transposing into cinematic form oral storytelling techniques in the depiction of a power struggle within the covert cult of the komo, a Bambara initiation society unfamiliar to most non-Bambara viewers. This paper demonstrates how the film negotiates this tension via music, which interpellates the international spectator by eliciting a greater identification with the protagonists than that determined at a visual level, while encoding a verisimilitude to rituals that may otherwise be read as the superstitious practices of ‘the other’. In this way, music and image in Yeelen operate as parallel, though often overlapping, discourses, bridging the gap between the film’s culturally specific narrative and formal components, and its international spectators.
The impact of sound technology on the distribution of shot lengths in Hollywood cinema, 1920 to 1933
Authors: Redfern Nick
Published: December 2012

The impact of sound technology on Hollywood is analysed through looking at the median shot lengths of silent films from the 1920s (n = 54) and early sound films (n = 106). The results show a large increase in the median shot lengths with the introduction of sound (Mann Whitney U = 554.0, Z = -8.33, p = <0.01, PS = 0.0968), estimated to be 2.0s (95% CI: 1.6, 2.4). The dispersion of shot lengths measured using the robust estimator Qn shows a similarly large increase in the dispersion of shot lengths with the transition to sound (Mann Whitney U = 319.0, Z = -9.18, p = <0.01, PS = 0.0557), estimated to be 2.0s (95% CI: 1.7, 2.4).
Memory, Identity and Desire: A Psychoanalytic Reading of David Lynch’s Mulholland Drive
Authors: Akser Murat
Published: December 2012

This is a reading of David Mulholland Drive through psychoanalytic approach of Lacan from the perspective of formation of fantasy and shifting identities. Lynch constructs his films consciously choosing his themes from the sub(versive/conscious) side of human mind. Previous attempts to read Lynch's films are fixed around the idea that Lynch is using film genres to create postmodern pastiches. Mulholland Drive has been analyzed several times from different approaches ranging from gender (Love, 2004), narratology (Lentzner, 2005; McGowan, 2004; Cook, 2011). Elements of film noir, musical, caper films can be identified in Lynch’s films. This detailed textual analysis intends to rationalize Lynch’s narrative structure through Lacanian terms in reference to Zizekian terminology.
Editorial
Authors: Akser Murat
Published: December 2012

This issue of CINEJ focuses on issues ranging from Malian Cinema, Islam in Turkish cinema, Bergman, Mulholland Drive and sound in early Hollywood cinema.
Explorer la mobilité internationale à travers le discours des grandes entreprises1
Authors: Point Sébastien , Dickmann Michael , Audouard Jean
Published: December 2012

Cet article propose une analyse du discours officiel sur la mobilité internationale, à partir de 67 sites Internet de grands groupes français et allemands. Les messages demeurent très opérationnels, ne mentionnant que très rarement la carrière globale. Avant tout, le système de carrière national reste privilégié : si les groupes français proposent des messages élitistes, les messages allemands insistent sur la motivation des individus autour de l’acquisition de compétences dans une carrière de type fonctionnel. Cette étude propose également des pistes de réflexion permettant d’améliorer l’attractivité de l’entreprise envers les talents globaux, dans une stratégie de marque employeur.
La mondialisation et le quasi pouvoir de régulation des ONG à vocation politique
Authors: Coiteux Martin
Published: December 2012

Il est généralement admis que le pouvoir des ONG a augmenté avec la mondialisation mais à ce jour, peu d’auteurs se sont attachés à expliquer pourquoi. À l’aide d’un modèle fondé sur l’économie institutionnelle, cet article vise à identifier les déterminants de ce pouvoir et souhaite ouvrir le débat sur sa légitimité. L’une des conclusions du modèle est que le système de quasi-régulation qui est en train de se mettre en place sous l’égide de l’interaction entre ONG et firmes multinationales risque de porter en lui un biais culturel, soit celui des populations des pays les plus développés.
Emergence d’une fonction d’innovation en PME : le rôle de l’intrapreneur1
Authors: Lerch Christophe , Schenk Eric , Cavallucci Denis
Published: December 2012

Notre travail traite de l’émergence d’une fonction d’innovation (Le Massonet al., 2006) basée sur des activités de conception inventive au sein des PME. Notre attention se porte sur la démarche TRIZ (Altshuller, 1984), qui propose un certain nombre de concepts et outils qui permettent une approche systématique de la conception inventive.

Comme le souligne Boldrini (2008, 2010), les PME peuvent bénéficier d’une aide extérieure pour la mise en oeuvre d’une telle fonction. Notre travail exploratoire repose sur l’étude de deux cas de PME innovantes, qui mettent en évidence le rôle de l’intrapreneur pour la mise en oeuvre d’innovations organisationnelles (Daft et Becker, 1978; Hage, 1999; Carrier, 1994, 1996, 1997) dans les PME.
Peut-on désormais parler d’engagement du distributeur dans la relation avec l’industriel ?
Authors: Abbad Hicham , Paché Gilles , Bonet Fernandez Dominique
Published: December 2012

Les relations entre grands distributeurs et industriels sont souvent perçues comme conflictuelles, dans le cadre d’une lutte féroce pour le partage de la valeur créée. Pour asseoir son pouvoir de marché, le distributeur développe souvent une vision de court terme, sans aucune volonté de s’engager dans la durée. La littérature insiste pourtant sur l’émergence d’une nouvelle dynamique relationnelle qui rompt avec les modes traditionnellement observés de gouvernance des relations. L’article s’interroge sur la réalité de cette rupture à partir d’une recherche conduite dans un pays émergent, et conclut à l’adoption d’une orientation à long terme par le distributeur, sous un certain nombre de conditions.
Synthesis of Building Blocks and Oligonucleotides with {T}N3‐Alkylene‐N3{T} Cross‐Links
Authors: Sun Gang , Noronha Anne M. , Miller Paul S. , Wilds Christopher J.
Published: December 2012

This unit describes two methods to directly prepare oligonucleotide duplexes containing an N3thymidine‐alkylene‐N3thymidine inter‐strand cross‐link. The inter‐strand cross‐link can be engineered into the duplex with a number of possible orientations. Both methods require the preparation of a protected thymidine dimer where the N3 atoms of the two nucleosides are covalently attached by an alkyl linker. This linker is prepared starting from a protected diol using two successive alkylation reactions under basic conditions to accomplish the alkylation selectively at the N3 atom of the nucleoside. The chain length of the cross‐link can be varied based on the selection of the diol used in the dimer synthesis. The solid‐phase mono‐phosphoramidite approach involves oligonucleotide synthesis with 3′‐O‐phosphoramidites, on‐column removal of a 3′‐O‐tert‐butyldimethylsilyl protecting group, and continued oligonucleotide synthesis with 5′‐O‐phosphoramidites. The bis‐phosphoramidite approach does not require synthesis with 5′‐O‐phosphoramidites. At the end of synthesis using either method, the N3thymidine‐alkylene‐N3thymidine inter‐strand cross‐linked oligonucleotides can be removed from the solid‐support and purified using standard techniques (ion‐exchange HPLC) in yields sufficient for various structural studies and repair assays. Curr. Protoc. Nucleic Acid Chem. 51:5.11.1‐5.11.17. © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Gene Editing in One‐Cell Embryos by Zinc‐Finger and TAL Nucleases
Authors: Wefers Benedikt , Meyer Melanie , Hensler Svenja , Panda Sudeepta , Ortiz Oskar , Wurst Wolfgang , Kühn Ralf
Published: December 2012

Gene targeting by sequence‐specific nucleases in one‐cell embryos provides an expedited mutagenesis approach in rodents. This technology has been recently established to create knockout and knockin mutants through sequence deletion or sequence insertion. This article provides protocols for the preparation and microinjection of nuclease mRNA and targeting vector DNA into fertilized mouse eggs. Furthermore, we provide guidelines for genotyping the desired mouse mutants. Curr. Protoc. Mouse Biol. 2:347‐364 © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.