bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Measuring accumulation: Constructing a tool for evaluating cumulative harm in children engaged with an intensive family support service
Authors: Bryce India , Collier Simone , Harris Lottie , Higgins Daryl , Toohey Joseph
Published: August 2024

There is a significant body of research that attests to the deleterious impact of an accumulation of adverse childhood experience across the lifespan, which provides a strong rationale for the development of a means for evaluating this accumulation in a high‐risk population. We developed a theory‐driven measure, the Cumulative Experiences Index, and conducted a pilot study to test its utility. The Cumulative Experiences Index derives a cumulative harm score that can be used to inform intervention and prevention strategies, programmes and initiatives across all tiers of public health prevention intervention. The Cumulative Experiences Index was piloted with 50 participants aged 8–17 years old who were actively engaged with an Intensive Family Support service. The study explores whether cases rated as low, medium or high severity on the Cumulative Experiences Index corresponded with severity ratings on the three measures of concurrent validity: the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, Kessler‐10 and Children's Revised Impact of Events Scale. The Index provides a valid and accurate means of reflecting the interconnectedness and complexity of exposure to different forms of harm that accumulates over time. Practitioners and researchers will benefit from using the Cumulative Experiences Index—a new valid and reliable measure of cumulative harm.
The effect of category‐specific temporal frame on temporal reframing of price
Authors: Chung Miri , Sheinin Daniel A.
Published: August 2024

This study explores the effects of temporal reframing of price (TRP), a strategy presenting the total cost of a product or service in smaller, segmented amounts (e.g., $1 per day rather than $365 in total), and its potential to intensify consumers' feelings of being misled, thereby negatively impacting their attitudes toward the product. While previous research has underscored the benefits of TRP, such as lowering perceived costs and enhancing perceived benefits through heuristic information processing, the current study, informed by theories of heuristic versus systematic processing and attribution theory, investigates whether TRP leads to increased feelings of manipulation by deviating from conventional category‐specific temporal frames of pricing. Through two experiments, we find that such deviations may prompt consumers to view TRP as manipulative, subsequently heightening feelings of being misled, especially at higher price levels, whereas lower price levels could diminish the scrutiny applied to marketers' intentions. Additionally, this study demonstrates that feelings of being misled mediate the relationship between the presentation of price information and product attitude, highlighting the potential risks of employing TRP strategies. The paper discusses optimal situations for implementing TRP, aiming to navigate its strategic use effectively.
Deciphering the 4′,7‐Dihydroxy‐3′‐Methylflavone from Boerhavia, Agonist/Antagonist Interactions Against 5‐HT2 Receptors using Homology Modeling, Molecular Docking, and Dynamic Simulation Studies
Authors: Salaria Punam , Niharika Desu Gayathri , N. Subrahmanyeswara Rao N. , Ganapati P. Lakshmi , M. Amarendar Reddy
Published: August 2024

Seizures, depression, and anxiety are neurological disorders that affected innumerable people worldwide. Recent research has revealed that targeting 5‐hydroxytryptamine 2 (5‐HT2) receptors can help suppress these conditions. An in‐depth literature study has identified that phytocompounds from the Boerhavia genus could reduce seizures. Therefore, homology models of 5‐HT2 receptors were generated and validated using techniques such as the alignment of amino acid sequences and the Ramachandran plot. Later, a comparison of modeled structures was made with a non‐redundant set of PDB structures. The pharmacokinetics, drug‐likeness, blood‐brain barrier (BBB) permeability, and Lipinski's rule of five shed light on 22 phytocompounds, which are the potential candidates for molecular docking among 127 Boerhavia's bioactive. Notably, molecular docking analysis revealed 4′,7‐dihydroxy‐3′‐methylflavone as the most potent lead compound, which has a strong binding affinity to all modeled receptors. Additionally, with a remarkably high docking score of −9.1 kcal/mol, 4′,7‐dihydroxy‐3′‐methylflavone showed promising interactions, particularly with 5‐HT2A receptor, as seen from the RMSD, SASA, Rg, and number of hydrogen bonds during 100 ns molecular dynamic (MD) simulation. Principal component analysis (PCA) and Molecular Mechanics‐Poisson‐Boltzmann Surface Area (MM‐PBSA) further confirmed that 4′,7‐dihydroxy‐3′‐methylflavone is the best novel phytocompound in Boerhavia genus for 5‐HT2 receptor as agonist/antagonist activity against seizures.
Adipose tissue allograft for the management of a pre‐ulcerative plantar lesion in a diabetic neuropathic patient
Authors: Regulski Matthew J. , Saunders Molly C. , McCulloch Sharron E.
Published: August 2024

Key Clinical Message

This case describes a minimally invasive implantation of cryopreserved human adipose tissue allograft (CAT) in a diabetic neuropathic patient with a pre‐ulcerative plantar lesion. No re‐ulceration or adverse events have occurred out to 9 months. CAT provides healthcare providers with an option to manage patients at risk for plantar ulcers.
Omental metastases from uveal melanoma—An interesting intraoperative omental pattern appearance
Authors: Stavros Sofoklis , Zikopoulos Athanasios , Potiris Anastasios , Baltogiannis Dimitrios , Skentou Chara , Domali Ekaterini , Drakakis Peter
Published: August 2024

Key Clinical Message

Uveal melanomas represent approximately 5% of all human melanomas. Omental metastases are often diagnosed as secondary metastatic sites and only a few cases have been described as the first single manifestation of distant metastasis. In this case image, we illustrate the interesting appearance of the metastatic localization of metastatic uveal melanoma.
Metal–Organic Frameworks as a Catalyst and Catalyst Support in Fuel Cells: From Challenges to Catalytic Application
Authors: Letchumanan Iswary , Wani Ajaz Ahmad , Shaari Norazuwana , Beygisangchin Mahnoush , Kamarudin Siti Kartom , Karim Nabila A.
Published: August 2024

The innovation of high‐performance, stable electrocatalysts for clean energy systems faces significant challenges. Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs), with their porous nature, flexible structures, and homogeneous active site dispersion, have gained interest as unique precursors for carbon‐based catalysts. MOFs' properties significantly enhance catalytic performance in fuel cells. This review highlights recent advancements in MOF design for oxygen electrocatalysis in fuel cells, while also discussing perspectives for future material innovations to improve catalytic activity in this emerging field.
Introduction of Molecular Complexity via the Cross‐Coupling of Lithium 1,4‐Dioxene with Aryl Bromides
Authors: Visser Paco , Feringa Ben L.
Published: August 2024

The synthetic potential of substituted 1,4‐dioxenes is well recognised, although the chemistry of 2‐aryl‐1,4‐dioxenes is relatively unexplored. Their transition metal‐catalysed synthesis has been limited to Stille‐type cross‐coupling chemistry, typically showing long reaction times, or proceeding at high reaction temperatures. Here we present a facile and general methodology for the cross‐coupling of aryl bromides with lithium 1,4‐dioxene, affording a range of 2‐aryl‐1,4‐dioxenes in generally good yields. We highlight the synthetic applicability of this transformation at multigram scale, and demonstrate the versatility of the products by conversion of the dioxene units to various carbonyl‐based functionalities. Additionally, we present a concise two‐step synthesis of an arylated analogue to a known 1,4‐dioxene‐based antifungal agent.
Synthesis of Hetero‐Trimetal Porphyrin Nanobelts
Authors: Xue Songlin , Lv Xiaojuan , Dong Yuting , Zhang Tao , Qiu Fengxian , Pan Jianming , Kuzuhara Daiki , Yamada Hiroko , Aratani Naoki
Published: August 2024

This work reported “trinitarian” porphyrin nanobelts, contained hetero‐trimetal ions. The high‐resolution mass spectrometry and X‐ray crystallography proved PNBNiCuPd consisting of three different bent porphyrin(2.1.2.1) metal complex moieties. The redox properties indicate porphyrin nanobelts demonstrate the multielectron donating and accepting properties, more than nine redox processes.
Potential and Limits of Augmented Reality in Engineering Education and Industry 4.0
Authors: Grodotzki Joshua , Müller Benedikt Tobias , Weck Daniel , Gude Maik , Tekkaya A. Erman
Published: August 2024

As a young class of socio‐technical systems, Augmented Reality (AR), which enriches the real world with virtual information, is becoming increasingly important. It offers a variety of possibilities in the areas of education and training. Here, interactive and immersive learning experiences increase motivation and learning success. AR also enables the specific support of workers in the production environment. When dealing with complex tasks, AR applications help workers to increase efficiency and quality. Based on the developments of the BMBF collaborative project KORESIL, this paper contains an overview of the current application scenarios of AR in teaching and industry. The outlook provides an analysis of this technology's potential and identifies current challenges in hard‐ and software.
Industry 4.0 Ready: Transforming STEM Laboratory Courses – Continuous Distillation as Example
Authors: Götze Katja , Kaiser Doreen , Aubel Ines , Herdegen Volker , Bertau Martin
Published: August 2024

Laboratory courses are key to science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) programs in higher education, but often lack the flexibility for distance learning and inclusiveness for all students. To address these challenges, TU Bergakademie Freiberg introduced remote laboratories not only for international degree programs and the “Disti4Study” application, which provides interactive visualization of industrial thermal separation processes. This paper focuses on the development and didactic challenges associated with the “Continuous Distillation Laboratory”. It illustrates how rethinking the technical and didactic frameworks of traditional laboratories can align with new learning objectives, such as those related to Industry 4.0, including the Internet of Things and data management.
Thermodynamic modelling of gas hydrate dissociation conditions in porous medium in the presence of NaCl/methanol aqueous solution
Authors: Hashemzadeh Samira , Javanmardi Jafar , Rasoolzadeh Ali , Mohammadi Amir H.
Published: August 2024

Due to the growing significance of the existence of gas hydrates in natural media like the ocean floor/permafrost regions and the extraction of natural gas from hydrate reservoirs using thermodynamic hydrate inhibitors, investigating the dissociation of gas hydrates in porous media in the presence of inhibitors is crucial. This work examines a broad range of laboratory data on the dissociation conditions of gas hydrates in the porous mediums when salt/alcohol aqueous solutions are present. The temperature of gas hydrate dissociation in the presence of pure water is calculated using the van der Waals–Platteeuw solid solution theory. The water activity in the porous medium is then calculated by taking into account a number of variables, including the radius of the porous medium, molar volume, shape factor, wetting angle, and surface tension. The Pitzer and Margules activity coefficient models are used to determine the water activity in the presence of salt and alcohol, respectively. Lastly, the gas hydrate dissociation temperature in a porous medium in the presence of salt and/or alcohol aqueous solution is determined by combining Piereon's model with an enthalpy‐based correlation that was proposed by Azimi et al. The selected package can consistently correlate the gas hydrate dissociation conditions in a porous medium in the presence of alcohol or salt aqueous solution. The average absolute deviation (AAD) of 0.67 K for the whole data bank (90 experimental data points) shows the precision of the model.
Asymptotics of block Toeplitz determinants with piecewise continuous symbols
Authors: Basor Estelle , Ehrhardt Torsten , Virtanen Jani A.
Published: August 2024

We determine the asymptotics of the block Toeplitz determinants as for matrix‐valued piecewise continuous functions with a finitely many jumps under mild additional conditions. In particular, we prove that
where , , and are constants that depend on the matrix symbol and are described in our main results. Our approach is based on a new localization theorem for Toeplitz determinants, a new method of computing the Fredholm index of Toeplitz operators with piecewise continuous matrix‐valued symbols, and other operator theoretic methods. As an application of our results, we consider piecewise continuous symbols that arise in the study of entanglement entropy in quantum spin chain models.
Regenerative Practices Show Promise in Dryland Cotton Systems
Authors: Singh Jasdeep , Ale Srinivasulu , DeLaune Paul B.
Published: August 2024

Regenerative practices, such as no‐till and cover crops, are advocated for their positive impacts on soil health and the environment. Nevertheless, there are challenges associated with implementing these practices. The objective of this simulation study was to assess the potential for soil carbon sequestration, soil water storage, and cotton yield response when implementing regenerative practices in the water‐limited environment of the Texas Rolling Plains region. Earn 1 CEU in Sustainability by reading this article and taking the quiz.
Genome‐wide association analysis of resistance to anthracnose in the Middle American Diversity Panel of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
Authors: Sinkala Willard , Hamabwe Swivia , Kuwabo Kuwabo , Mukuma Chikoti , Kamfwa Kelvin
Published: August 2024

Anthracnose (ANTH) caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum is a major disease of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The genetic basis of ANTH resistance in the Middle American Diversity Panel (MDP) is unknown. The objectives of this study were to identify (1) Middle American accessions resistant to races 7, 19, 51, 63, 167, and 1085 of C. lindemuthianum and (ii) genomic regions and positional candidate genes associated with resistance to these races. The MDP composed of 240 Middle American accessions was evaluated for resistance to races 7, 19, 51, 63, 167, and 1085. The MDP was genotyped with 211,763 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and mixed linear model analysis was conducted to identify genomic regions associated with resistance to the six races. Seven accessions were highly resistant to all six races, and these can be used as sources of resistance to improve specific market classes in the Middle American gene pool. The genomic region (385,894 bp) on chromosome Pv04 was significantly associated with resistance to race 167. Genomic regions on Pv02 (41,570,325 bp), Pv07 (24,122,343 bp), and Pv11 (51,707,917 bp) were significantly associated with resistance to race 19. Disease resistance (R) genes with the nucleotide binding‐APAF resistance protein and CED‐4 domain were identified as positional candidate genes on Pv04 and Pv11. There were no SNPs significantly associated with resistance to races 7, 51, 63, and 1085. Pyramiding the identified genomic regions on Pv04, Pv07, and Pv11 could provide durable ANTH resistance in Middle American varieties for races 19 and 167.
Design and evaluation of a blockchain‐based system for increasing customer engagement in circular economy
Authors: Cerchione Roberto
Published: August 2024

The purpose of this study is to design, develop and evaluate a blockchain platform in the field of circular economy (CE). To achieve this aim, the research demonstrates the feasibility of designing a decentralised architecture and prototyping a distributed system to increase customer engagement in the transition toward CE. Building on previous research and leveraging on the design science research approach, the paper identifies the technical and managerial issues that must be addressed to adopt blockchain as an enabling technology in the CE domain. More in details, starting with the identification of circular sharing economy (CSE) processes, a conceptual framework was designed to evaluate how blockchain implementation has the potential to enhance the role of customers involved in CSE processes. As for the practical implications, the suggested conceptual framework reduces the knowledge gap between blockchain developers and corporate social responsibility specialists. To bridge the gap, it identifies future directions and practical guidelines for designing and implementing blockchain to support the digital and sustainable innovation of more circular firms and supply chains.
Millisecond‐scale behaviours of plankton quantified in vitro and in situ using the Event‐based Vision Sensor
Authors: Takatsuka Susumu , Miyamoto Norio , Sato Hidehito , Morino Yoshiaki , Kurita Yoshihisa , Yabuki Akinori , Chen Chong , Kawagucci Shinsuke
Published: August 2024

The Event‐based Vision Sensor (EVS) is a bio‐inspired sensor that captures detailed motions of objects, aiming to become the ‘eyes’ of machines like self‐driving cars. Compared to conventional frame‐based image sensors, the EVS has an extremely fast motion capture equivalent to 10,000‐fps even with standard optical settings, plus high dynamic ranges for brightness and also lower consumption of memory and energy. Here, we developed 22 characteristic features for analysing the motions of aquatic particles from the EVS raw data and tested the applicability of the EVS in analysing plankton behaviour. Laboratory cultures of six species of zooplankton and phytoplankton were observed, confirming species‐specific motion periodicities up to 41 Hz. We applied machine learning to automatically classify particles into four categories of zooplankton and passive particles, achieving an accuracy up to 86%. At the in situ deployment of the EVS at the bottom of Lake Biwa, several particles exhibiting distinct cumulative trajectory with periodicities in their motion (up to 16 Hz) were identified, suggesting that they were living organisms with rhythmic behaviour. We also used the EVS in the deep sea, observing particles with active motion and periodicities over 40 Hz. Our application of the EVS, especially focusing on its millisecond‐scale temporal resolution and wide dynamic range, provides a new avenue to investigate organismal behaviour characterised by rapid and periodical motions. The EVS will likely be applicable in the near future for the automated monitoring of plankton behaviour by edge computing on autonomous floats, as well as quantifying rapid cellular‐level activities under microscopy.
Spatio‐temporal metapopulation trends: The coconut crabs of Zanzibar
Authors: Sollmann Rahel , Caro Tim
Published: August 2024

Species experience a variety of environmental and anthropogenic conditions across their ranges leading to spatial variation in population dynamics. Understanding population dynamics under different conditions is important but it is challenging to allocate limited effort to spatial and temporal subpopulation monitoring. Using GLMMs, we analyze survey data of a metapopulation of coconut crabs spanning 7 years and 15 sites in and near the Pemba archipelago, Zanzibar, to estimate trends in population size (based on catch per unit effort), weight and sex ratio at the meta‐ and subpopulation level and investigate anthropogenic drivers of these trends. We found that the overall metapopulation has remained stable in terms of size and composition over the survey period, but observed diverging trends in population size and sex ratio at some subpopulations. Formal protection of sites was associated with positive population trends. Of nine sites for which we could estimate site‐specific trends, three showed increasing and two decreasing trends, whereas four sites had stable subpopulations. Although anthropogenic factors affected the average weight, and the incidence of small and large individuals, we found no temporal trends in any weight‐related measures. Furthermore, there were no apparent patterns between weight‐related measures and subpopulation trends. The metapopulation was biased toward males, and exploitation appeared to be associated with declining trends in the proportion of females, likely an artifact of a strong decline in the proportion of females in one of only two exploited sites in the dataset. Educational campaigns implemented in 2020 at six sites were not related to higher population sizes in later surveys. The variable trends in subpopulation sizes and composition highlight the need for spatially replicated monitoring in metapopulations. The analyses further provide a detailed baseline for future subpopulation studies of this vulnerable species in one of its last remaining metapopulations in the Western Indian Ocean.
Cascading effects of mammal host community composition on tick vector occurrence at the urban human–wildlife interface
Authors: Bastard Jonathan , Gregory Nichar , Fernandez Pilar , Mincone Michaela , Card Olivia , VanAcker Meredith C. , Kross Sara , Diuk‐Wasser Maria A.
Published: August 2024

Habitat fragmentation and host community composition are implicated as key drivers of changing tick populations and tick‐borne pathogen dynamics, altering infection risk through coupled socioecological pathways that mediate interactions between tick vectors, vertebrate hosts, and humans. Patterns of host diversity may be particularly idiosyncratic across urbanized landscapes, due to trade‐offs between extreme fragmentation that reduces habitat suitability and access, and human activities that artificially increase resource availability for wildlife. We used camera and hair trap surveys and tick sampling to identify links between landscape composition and configuration, the mammalian host community, and the presence of three tick vector species at a human–wildlife interface in New York City, an emerging area within an endemic region for several tick‐borne diseases. We found that human infrastructures, such as the presence of fences in yards, could affect mammal host community composition by changing the “hardness” of edges between urban greenspaces and residential areas. We identified yard‐ and broader landscape‐level features associated with the presence of urban mammal species, and identified cascading effects of host community composition on tick distribution in yards, suggesting management implications for the mitigation of human exposure to tick‐borne pathogens. In particular, we identified a possible role of ubiquitous mesomammals, such as raccoons (Procyon lotor), in transporting Amblyomma americanum ticks between parks and neighboring residential yards, and confirmed the key role of white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) for introducing Ixodes scapularis ticks into yards. Our results challenge assumptions that biodiversity loss in human‐modified areas always increases the risk for tick‐borne diseases. Instead, we found many residential sites had higher mammal species richness and higher detection of low reservoir competent (“dilution”) hosts for Borrelia burgdorferi, such as opossums (Didelphis virginiana), than paired forested greenspaces. Our study highlights the importance of disentangling the mechanisms mediating tick‐borne disease hazard as a critical first step toward reducing urban tick‐borne disease risk.
Expansion of human γδ T cells in periphery: Lessons learned from development, infections, and compromised thymic function
Authors: Ravens Sarina , Tolosa Eva
Published: August 2024

γδ T cells predominantly develop in the fetal period. Post birth they respond swiftly to environmental insults, pathogens and tumors, especially when other immune effector cells are less ready to function. Most of our understanding of γδ T‐cell development, peripheral adaptation, and function derives from murine studies. The recent advancement of immunological methods allows now to decipher human γδ T‐cell biology in patient cohorts and tissue samples, and to manipulate them using in vitro systems. In this review, we summarize γδ T‐cell development in the human thymus, their functional adaptation to the microbial environment from birth until old age, and their capacity to expand and fill up the peripheral niche under conditions of perturbations of conventional T‐cell development.
Photocatalyst‐Free Synthesis of Oxindoles and Isoquinolinediones via the Radical Reaction of N‐Arylacrylamides with Monoalkyl Cesium Oxalate Salts by Visible Light Catalysis
Authors: Zhao Chenyue , Xu Jinli , Cheng Dongping , Xu Xiaoliang
Published: August 2024

A photocatalyst‐free cascade reaction of N‐alkyl‐N‐arylmethacrylamides with monoalkyl cesium oxalate salts is described. In the presence of visible light and (NH4)2S2O8, monoalkyl cesium oxalate salts undergo single‐electron oxidation/CO2 extrusion to generate alkyl radicals, followed by the addition and subsequent cyclization to give alkylated oxindoles. In addition, N‐alkyl‐N‐methacryloylbenzamides could be applied for the cascade reaction, providing a series of alkylated isoquinolinediones, which are completely different from the products obtained with monoalkyl oxalates as substrates.
Constructal design of cross‐flow heat exchanger with concave/convex fins
Authors: Mustafa Ahmed Waheed , Jawad Israa R. , Mohammed Ansam Adil
Published: August 2024

A contractual design of cross‐flow heat exchanger with concave/convex fins under fixed pressure drop is presented in this paper. An array of heated concave and convex fins are placed in a fixed area, and they are cooled by incoming cross flow, which is moving towards the fins due to constant pressure drop. The distances from fin to fin, the fin base, and the fin surface curvature (concave and convex) are free to morph and are constrained by the fin length and the height of cross flow. Bejan's number ranges from 105 to 107. The ratio of fin base‐to‐fin length is changed from 0.1 to 0.3. The dimensionless mass, momentum, and energy equations for two‐dimensional, steady, and incompressible flow are solved based on the finite volume numerical method. Also, the scale analysis method is used to compare heat transfer densities from concave and convex fins. The numerical results showed that the maximal convective heat transfer density for convex fins is higher than that of the concave fins for all Bejan numbers. The augmentations in the maximal heat transfer density are 2.1% at Be = 105, 4% at Be = 106, and 12.5% at Be = 107. Also, this is confirmed by the scale analysis method.
Characterization of the in vitro penetration and first‐pass metabolism of genistein and daidzein using human and pig skin explants and Phenion full‐thickness skin models
Authors: Géniès Camille , Jeanjean Corinne , Najjar Abdulkarim , Schepky Andreas , Lange Daniela , Kühnl Jochen , Fabian Eric , Zifle Anne , Duplan Hélène , Hewitt NIcola J. , Jacques Carine
Published: August 2024

OECD test guideline compliant skin penetration studies, which also comply with the SCCS basic criteria, are lacking for genistein and daidzein. Therefore, we have measured their penetration and metabolism using ex vivo explants of fresh (i.e., metabolically viable) pig skin, fresh and frozen human skin, and Phenion full‐thickness (FT) models. Preliminary studies using fresh pig skin helped to define the optimal experimental conditions. The dermal absorption of 10 nmoles/cm2 genistein and daidzein in ethanol was comparable in all four models. A first‐pass metabolism in skin to glucuronide and sulfate metabolites was demonstrated for both chemicals in all models except frozen human skin. The main difference between fresh skin models was the overall extent of metabolism and the relative ratio of each metabolite, for example, much lower sulfate conjugates were formed in pig skin incubations. The extent of parent chemical metabolized and the contribution of the glucuronide pathway were relatively lower in PhenionFT models than in fresh human skin, possibly due to a higher penetration rate in this model and differences in the expression of functional metabolizing enzymes. When metabolism in human skin was abolished by freezing, more radiolabelled chemical remained in the skin tissue but the overall dermal absorption was unchanged. In conclusion, this initial characterization study showed that all models tested indicated that genistein and daidzein extensively penetrated the skin when applied to skin in ethanol. All fresh skin models produced the same metabolites, with the known species difference in the sulfation pathway demonstrated in pig skin.
Effect of vehicle on the in vitro penetration and metabolism of genistein and daidzein in ex vivo skin explants and the Phenion full‐thickness skin model
Authors: Géniès Camille , Jeanjean Corinne , Najjar Abdulkarim , Schepky Andreas , Lange Daniela , Kühnl Jochen , Fabian Eric , Zifle Anne , Duplan Helene , Hewitt Nicola J. , Jacques Carine
Published: August 2024

In a read‐across assessment of the safety of genistein and daidzein in cosmetic products, additional information was required to account for differences in their systemic exposure after topical application in a typical body lotion formulation. Therefore, we measured the penetration and metabolism of two doses (3 and 30 nmoles/cm2) of genistein and daidzein applied in ethanol and in a body formulation to fresh pig skin, fresh and frozen human skin, and PhenionFT models. Both chemicals readily penetrated all skin models when applied in ethanol. The same sulfate and glucuronide metabolites were formed in fresh pig skin, fresh human skin, and PhenionFT models, which also all demonstrated that (a) these pathways could be saturated between 3 and 30 nmoles/cm2 and (b) the extent of metabolism of daidzein was lower than genistein. Although the relative amounts of radiolabeled chemical in human skin and medium compartments were altered by freezing, their overall bioavailability was not affected. The greatest impact on the bioavailability and distribution of both chemicals was observed when they were applied in the formulation. Most of the dose applied in the formulation was retained on the skin surface, especially at 30 nmoles/cm2 (60%–90%), resulting in much lower amounts in the medium and/or skin. In conclusion, all four skin models demonstrated first‐pass metabolism of genistein and daidzein and a marked alteration in their disposition by applying them in a body lotion formulation. This supports the use of fresh pig skin and PhenionFT models as alternatives to human skin for investigating skin metabolism and formulation effects for these two chemicals. The results were used to develop the dermal module of a PBPK model and dose setting for organ‐on‐chip experiments. They could also be used to refine internal exposure estimates in regulatory safety assessments.
Engineered hybrid iron‐cobalt metal oxide nanoparticles for effective adsorption of malachite green dye
Authors: Hussain Nasira , Shafaat Shanza , Sarfraz Ambreen , Usman Muhammad , Khan Muhammad Saqib , Khan Asad Muhammad , Khan Rafaqat Ali , Amin Bilal Ahmad Zafar , Bilal Muhammad , Shaikh Ahson Jabbar
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

Hybrid iron and cobalt metal oxide nanoparticles are well known; however, are not optimized in terms of size and stability. We engineered these hybrid nanoparticles using the co‐precipitation method and characterized them by various techniques, which are then used for the effective adsorption and removal of malachite green (MG) dye.

RESULTS

The ideal conditions for synthesis are determined to be 50:50 ratio of Fe2O3 and CoO, pH of 11, temperature range of 40 °C–60 °C, and reactant addition time of 20 min. These hybrid nanoadsorbents effectively eliminated MG dye from aqueous solutions. Factors such as initial MG dye concentration, pH of the medium, contact time, temperature, and nanoadsorbent dose were optimized for the MG removal to achieve a maximum removal efficiency of 96.9%. Non‐linear fitting of data indicates that both Langmuir and Freundlich models provided the best fit, suggesting the presence of both monolayer and multilayer adsorption of MG on hybrid nanoparticles. The kinetics of MG dye removal are better controlled by the intraparticle diffusion (IPD) phenomenon. The adsorption of MG onto the hybrid nanoparticles was confirmed to be endothermic, with negative ΔG and positive ΔH values. The optimized synthetic conditions also positively impacted the hybrid nanoparticles which enhanced the adsorption and exhibited ferromagnetic behavior as compared to the superparamagnetic behavior reported in the literature, making them significantly important for dye removal applications.

CONCLUSION

These findings demonstrate the potential of optimized hybrid nanoparticles as effective nanoadsorbents for dye removal applications, with implications for further applications in photocatalysis and sensing. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Paracetamol sensing with a flexible graphene paper electrode modified with MnCo2O4
Authors: Shafiyev Murad , Erçarıkcı Elif , Dağcı Kıranşan Kader , Topçu Ezgi
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

The design of new‐generation flexible sensors for medical applications has gained considerable interest in the research community in recent past years. Herein, a free‐standing flexible electrode was developed for the electrochemical determination of Paracetamol (PC). This graphene‐based paper electrode was prepared using graphene and MnCo2O4 dispersion with a mold‐casting method followed by chemical reduction. The morphology and structure of our flexible paper electrode (MnCo2O4/GP) were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive, X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron, and Raman spectroscopy.

RESULTS

The as‐prepared flexible MnCo2O4/GP showed outstanding sensing performance for PC, as compared to GP, due to the excellent electrochemical properties of MnCo2O4. The proposed sensor exhibited a wide linear range of 4.64–1000 μM for electrochemical determination of PC with a low detection limit of 1.39 μM. Furthermore, MnCo2O4/GP was successfully applied for PC syrup and tablets with good accuracy results.

CONCLUSIONS

For the first time, the present study demonstrated the fabrication and utilization of MnCo2O4‐modified graphene paper to develop a flexible and sensitive electrode for monitoring PC. © 2024 The Author(s). Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Repair of bucket handle meniscus tears improves patient outcomes versus partial meniscectomy at the time of ACL reconstruction
Authors: Perraut Gregory T. , Cherelstein Rachel E. , Galel Alexandra M. , Keeling Laura E. , Kuenze Christopher M. , Curley Andrew J. , Wang David X. , Malekzadeh Kaitlin A. , Chang Edward S.
Published: August 2024

Purpose

The aim of this study was to examine demographic and surgical factors that influence patient‐reported knee function in patients who undergo anterior crucial ligament reconstruction (ACLR) with concurrent bucket‐handle meniscal tear (BHMT) procedures. We hypothesized that repair of BHMT in the setting of concomitant ACLR and shorter time from injury to surgery would lead to improved patient‐reported outcomes.

Methods

Forty‐one patients (mean age: 28.0 ± 9.8 years, 72% male) with BHMT at the time of ACLR completed the International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Form (IKDC‐SKF) via online survey at an average of 15.2 months postop. Patient demographics and surgical characteristics, including time from injury to surgery, were compared between repair (n = 22) and meniscectomy (n = 19) groups using one‐way analysis of variances; distributions of sex, graft source, BHMT compartment and zone were compared between groups using χ2 tests. The association between IKDC‐SKF score, demographics and surgical characteristics was evaluated using multivariable linear regression. A priori alpha level was p < 0.05.

Results

Meniscal repair and meniscectomy groups differed based on graft source and BHMT zone but not IKDC‐SKF score (p = 0.085). Patients undergoing ACLR with autograft (p = 0.003) and with red–red zone BHMT (p < 0.001) more often underwent meniscal repair. The regression model demonstrated longer time from injury to surgery (p = 0.049), red–red tear zone (p = 0.04) and meniscectomy (p = 0.008); these were predictive of poorer IKDC‐SKF scores.

Conclusion

BHMT repair was more likely performed in ACL autograft and on red–red zone tears. Longer time from injury to surgery is an indicator of poorer IKDC‐SKF score, as this may increase the risk of concomitant pathologies. White–white zone BHMTs are associated with better IKDC‐SKF scores than red–red zone BHMTs, which may be due to the smaller volume of tissue removed during meniscectomy of white–white zone tears and the avoidance of iatrogenic complications of meniscal repair.

Level of Evidence

Level III, therapeutic study.
Spanish language opportunities in genetic counseling training programs in the United States
Authors: Vine Maria Katia , Kellom Elizabeth , Kuhl Ashley , Simone Laurie , Ricker Charité N. , Birkeland Laura
Published: August 2024

This cross‐sectional survey study explores ongoing initiatives to foster diversity and inclusivity within the field of genetic counseling, specifically focusing on opportunities within graduate programs for students to enhance language and counseling skills in Spanish, thereby fostering language concordance in genetic counseling settings. With a response rate of 44.8% (26/58) across genetic counseling graduate programs, our study provides an overview of educational offerings in Spanish, encompassing patient‐facing, non‐patient‐facing, and combined opportunities. Of the programs that completed the survey, 73.1% (19/26) offer Spanish language opportunities. Several perceived benefits were identified by those that offer opportunities, including fostering cultural humility and diversity within the field, increasing awareness and accessibility of genetic counseling services, and facilitating involvement in research within minority groups. The information gathered from this study can be a resource for graduate programs seeking insights into effective strategies to incorporate Spanish language opportunities. Additionally, these results may also serve as a source of inspiration for students who want to apply their Spanish language skills in their training and future careers. Lastly, we propose ideas to enhance and expand the training of bilingual genetic counseling students in Spanish.
ISMRM Clinical Focus Meeting 2023: “Imaging the Fire in the Brain”
Authors: Agarwal Nivedita , Fan Audrey , Huang Xiaoqi , Dehkharghani Seena , van der Kolk Anja
Published: August 2024

Set during the Annual Meeting of the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine (ISMRM), the “Clinical Focus Meeting” (CFM) aims to bridge the gap between innovative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scientific research and daily patient care. This initiative is dedicated to maximizing the impact of MRI technology on healthcare outcomes for patients. At the 2023 Annual Meeting, clinicians and scientists from across the globe were invited to discuss neuroinflammation from various angles (entitled “Imaging the Fire in the Brain”). Topics ranged from fundamental mechanisms and biomarkers of neuroinflammation to the role of different contrast mechanisms, including both proton and non‐proton techniques, in brain tumors, autoimmune disorders, and pediatric neuroinflammatory diseases. Discussions also delved into how systemic inflammation can trigger neuroinflammation and the role of the gut‐brain axis in causing brain inflammation. Neuroinflammation arises from various external and internal factors and serves as a vital mechanism to mitigate tissue damage and provide neuroprotection. Nonetheless, excessive neuroinflammatory responses can lead to significant tissue injury and subsequent neurological impairments. Prolonged neuroinflammation can result in cellular apoptosis and neurodegeneration, posing severe consequences. MRI can be used to visualize these consequences, by detecting blood–brain barrier damage, characterizing brain lesions, quantifying edema, and identifying specific metabolites. It also facilitates monitoring of chronic changes in both the brain and spinal cord over time, potentially leading to better patient outcomes. This paper represents a summary of the 2023 CFM, and is intended to guide the enthusiastic MR user to several key and novel sequences that MRI offers to image pathophysiologic processes underlying acute and chronic neuroinflammation.

Evidence Level

5

Technical Efficacy

Stage 3
Pharmacotherapy profile for mothers with schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder in a psychiatric mother–baby unit
Authors: Cooter Anna , Saluja Sushreya , Roberts Susan , Branjerdporn Grace
Published: August 2024

Background

Pharmacotherapy treatment is used to manage women with schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder admitted to a mother–baby unit (MBU).

Aim

The aims of this study were (1) to examine prescribing practices for women with schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder in an MBU, (2) to assess alignment with the Mental health care in the perinatal period: Australian clinical practice guideline and (3) to examine the classes of typical and atypical antipsychotics prescribed to mothers with schizophrenia.

Method

A retrospective audit of women with schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder admitted to a psychiatric MBU, located in Queensland, Australia, was conducted from March 2017–July 2019. The exclusion criteria included women admitted with depression, anxiety, personality disorders, and postpartum psychosis. Pharmacotherapy treatment details were extracted at commencement of admission, mid‐way through admission, and discharge. Descriptive statistics were completed. This project was exempt due to the local policy requirements that constitute research by the Gold Coast Hospital and Health Service Human Research Ethics Committee (Reference no: EX/2023/QGC/102306). The justification for this exemption was as follows: the study was deemed a quality improvement activity and complied with Chapter 2.3 of the National Statement of Ethical Conduct in Research and involved only routinely collected data.

Results

Of the 53 mothers included in the study, 29 (55%) had schizophrenia and 24 (45%) had bipolar affective disorder. In addition, 97% of women with schizophrenia received atypical antipsychotics. Five women (21%) with bipolar affective disorder (mean age = 31.60 years, standard deviation = 6.19 years) were prescribed sodium valproate, with four women given contraception. Sodium valproate or lamotrigine were prescribed to four women (67%) with bipolar affective disorder whilst breastfeeding. Of mothers prescribed lithium, 92% did not breastfeed. Overall, 44% of women involuntarily admitted received antipsychotic depot medication compared with 38% of voluntary patients. Results are discussed in relation to the national guidelines.

Conclusion

This is the first naturalistic study to examine the pharmacotherapy management of postpartum women admitted to a psychiatric MBU with schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder. The study highlights that prescribing patterns across three time points during admission were generally in alignment with Australian national guidelines.
Understanding the Post‐Pandemic Travel Intentions Among Chinese Residents: Impact of Sociodemographic Factors, COVID Experiences, Travel Planned Behaviours, Health Beliefs, and Resilience
Authors: Guo Chunlan , Lu Xiaocao , Huang Shuyue , Zhao Ying , Zhao Duoping
Published: August 2024

We investigate the shift of travel intentions among Chinese residents following the end of China's Zero‐COVID policy in December 2022. Focusing on the 2023 Spring Festival, the first major holiday after the pandemic, we examine the factors influencing travel intentions, including travel experiences during COVID‐19, sociodemographics, infection and vaccination experiences, travel planned behaviours, health beliefs, and resilience. Using a cohort study approach, we conducted online surveys in two phases. Initial findings from 1, 263 respondents pre‐holiday indicated a moderate intention to travel (average 3.3 out of 5). The results reveal diminishing effects of COVID‐19 vaccination, infection experiences and health beliefs (perceived susceptibility, severity and benefits) over time. Past travel experiences, planned behaviours (attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control), perceived barriers and resilience significantly elevate travel intentions in the post‐COVID period. Additionally, a post‐holiday survey found that 44.3% of 79 participants had travelled, providing insight into the evolving travel tendencies.
Over‐the‐Counter Hearing Aids: A Nationwide Survey Study to Understand Perspectives in Primary Care
Authors: Davis Ryan J. , Lin Matthew , Ayo‐Ajibola Oluwatobiloba , Ahn Diana D. , Brown Payton A. , Parsons John , Ho Tiffany F. , Choi Janet S.
Published: August 2024

Objectives

The expansion of over‐the‐counter (OTC) hearing aids has raised inquiries regarding primary care physicians' (PCP) knowledge, perspective, and perceived roles. We aimed to understand PCP perspectives on OTC hearing aids via nationwide online surveys.

Methods

RedCap survey was distributed to PCPs via online forums and public mailing lists. Outcomes included PCPs' attitudes toward, perceived role surrounding, confidence managing, and knowledge of OTC hearing aids. Regression analyses were performed to identify associated factors including demographics and practice characteristics.

Results

Cohort included 111 PCPs primarily working in non‐rural (83.8%) outpatient academic medical centers (47.5%), with a mean (SD) of 16.9 (11.6) years practicing. Most reported unfamiliarity (61.3%) with OTC hearing aids but viewed them positively (91.9%). They often perceived themselves as poor sources of OTC hearing aid information (63.1%) but desired involvement (90.1%) and believed associated knowledge is important (98.2%). Rural practice environment was associated with less familiarity toward OTC hearing aids (β = −0.72, [95% CI −1.40 to −0.04]). Respondents answered 5.0 (2.4) of 10 OTC hearing aid knowledge questions correctly. Using 5‐point Likert scale, participants reported most confidence recognizing signs/symptoms of hearing loss 3.71 (0.84), but less confidence educating 1.68 (0.96) about and determining candidacy 1.72 (1.05) for OTC hearing aids. Participants reported continuing medical education courses and published guidelines would effectively improve their OTC hearing aid knowledge.

Conclusion

PCPs displayed positive attitudes toward OTC hearing aids and valued involvement. Addressing unfamiliarity/knowledge gaps surrounding OTC hearing aids through courses and published guidelines may help clarify misconceptions and promote hearing health care.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 2024