bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Porous Pt‐Ni Nanowires within In Situ Generated Metal‐Organic Frameworks for Highly Chemoselective Cinnamaldehyde Hydrogenation
Authors: Zhang Nan , Shao Qi , Wang Pengtang , Zhu Xing , Huang Xiaoqing
Published: April 2018

Although chemoselective hydrogenation of unsaturated aldehydes is the major route to highly valuable industrially demanded unsaturated alcohols, it is still challenging, as the production of saturated aldehydes is more favorable over unsaturated alcohols from the view of thermodynamics. By combining the structural features of porous nanowires (NWs) and metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs), a unique class of porous Pt‐Ni NWs in situ encapsuled by MOFs (Pt‐Ni NWs@Ni/Fex‐MOFs) is designed to enhance the unsaturated alcohols selectivity in the cinnamaldehyde (CAL) hydrogenation. A detailed catalytic study shows that the porous Pt‐Ni NWs@Ni/Fex‐MOFs exhibit volcano‐type activity and selectivity in CAL hydrogenation as a function of Fe content. The optimized porous PtNi2.20 NWs@Ni/Fe4‐MOF is highly active and selective with 99.5% CAL conversion and 83.3% cinnamyl alcohol selectivity due to the confinement effect, appropriate thickness of MOF and its optimized electronic structure, and excellent durability with negligible activity and selectivity loss after five runs.
Light‐Induced Buckles Localized by Polymeric Inks Printed on Bilayer Films
Authors: Park Sungjune , Nallainathan Umaash , Mondal Kunal , Sen Pratik , Dickey Michael D.
Published: April 2018

Buckling instabilities generate microscale features in thin films in a facile manner. Buckles can form, for example, by heating a metal/polymer film stack on a rigid substrate. Thermal expansion differences of the individual layers generate compressive stress that causes the metal to buckle over the entire surface. The ability to dictate and confine the location of buckle formation can enable patterns with more than one length scale, including hierarchical patterns. Here, sacrificial “ink” patterned on top of the film stack localizes the buckles via two mechanisms. First, stiff inks suppress buckles such that only the non‐inked regions buckle in response to infrared light. The metal in the non‐inked regions absorbs the infrared light and thus gets sufficiently hot to induce buckles. Second, soft inks that absorb light get hot faster than the non‐inked regions and promote buckling when exposed to visible light. The exposed metal in the non‐inked regions reflects the light and thus never get sufficiently hot to induce buckles. This second method works on glass substrates, but not silicon substrates, due to the superior thermal insulation of glass. The patterned ink can be removed, leaving behind hierarchical patterns consisting of regions of buckles among non‐buckled regions.
Composite likelihood model comparison test under fixed and local alternatives
Authors: Xu Yawen , Gao Xin , Wang Xiaogang , Wong Augustine
Published: April 2018

This paper proposes composite likelihood based tests to perform model comparisons. The models are compared based on their expected composite Kullback–Leibler distances to the true underlying model. The asymptotic distributions of the test statistics are derived under both fixed alternatives and local alternatives. With an additional variance estimation term, the test statistic has a better error rate control for local alternatives. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recent advances in tubular joints experiments in Brazil
Authors: Lima Luciano , Vellasco Pedro , Silva André , Rodrigues Monique , Neves Luis , Guerrieiro Lucas , Mendes Flávio
Published: April 2018

Dedicated to Prof. Dr.‐Ing. habil. Joachim Lindner on the occasion of his 80th birthday

The aesthetical and structural advantages of tubular structural elements sustained the increase in their use in Brazil in last decades. The joints between tubular members remain a critical issue, with many studies indicating that further research is still needed, particularly for some geometries. In the past, some experiments on the influence of the chord stresses over the brace load capacity were published, but a definitive answer to this design issues was not reached. The first part of this paper presents an experimental evaluation centred on the effect of tension and compression chord stresses over RHS chord to SHS braces T‐joints. The results showed that compressive chord stresses could considerably reduce the joint resistance. In contrast, when tension chord stresses are applied the joint resistance increases but this is still not considered in the design codes. Still considering the tubular joints structural behaviour, there are cases where the ultimate resistance of the tubular joints may be enhanced by using flange plates as reinforcement, instead of replacing the chord or braces with stronger sections. Bearing this scenario in mind, the second part of this paper presents some experimental results of SHS T‐joints reinforced with flange plates to achieve a more economical design. The results showed that the joint resistance could be increased about 88 % using the reinforced plate with the same thickness of the chord profile.
Tragverhalten kombinierter Stahlspundwände unter Wasserdruck unter dem Einfluss von Lageimperfektionen
Authors: Kuhlmann Ulrike , Just Adrian
Published: April 2018

Herrn Univ.‐Prof. em. Dr.‐Ing. habil. Joachim Lindner zur Vollendung seines 80. Lebensjahres gewidmet

Der steigende Welthandel führt zu einer deutlichen Erweiterung und Verstärkung von Seehafenanlagen und damit zu einem zunehmenden Einsatz von Kaimauern mit tiefen kombinierten Stahlspundwänden. Horizontale Lasten, die überwiegend aus Grundwasserdruck kommen, werden von Z‐förmigen Zwischenbohlen über spezielle Schlossprofile an I‐förmige Tragbohlen weitergeleitet und dann in den Baugrund abgetragen. Der Nachweis der Zwischenbohlen ist in DIN EN 1993‐5 geregelt. Die dort aufgeführte versuchsbasierte Methode liefert die genauesten und damit wirtschaftlichsten Ergebnisse. Dieser Beitrag zeigt, wie mit dieser Methode für das HZ‐M/AZ‐System [2] in Solllage Wasserdruckwiderstände hergeleitet wurden. Einflüsse bei der Herstellung führen in der Realität aber immer wieder zu Abweichungen von der Solllage, die die Zwischenbohlen ausgleichen müssen. In diesem Beitrag wird der Einfluss einer Streckung einer Spundwand in Wandrichtung und damit einer Erhöhung des Systemmaßes untersucht. Dabei wird zunächst die Streckung an sich analysiert und als zweites wird das Tragverhalten des gestreckten Systems mit dem des Systems in Solllage verglichen.
Zu den Einsatzmöglichkeiten von Seilhängern in Stabbogenbrücken
Authors: Schmidmeier Michael , Schütz Karl G.
Published: April 2018

Herrn Dipl.‐Ing. Rainer Ehmann zum Dank für die langjährige gute Zusammenarbeit zu seiner Pensionierung gewidmet

Es wird über ein Forschungsvorhaben berichtet, in dem die Einsatzmöglichkeiten von vollverschlossenen Seilen als Seilhänger in Stabbogenbrücken untersucht wurden. Dabei wurde insbesondere die Wirkung von Biegung am Übergang von der Endverankerung auf die freie Seillänge betrachtet. Die Herangehensweise an die Thematik und das für die Praxis abgeleitete Nachweisverfahren werden vorgestellt. Abschließend wird über aktuelle Erkenntnisse bei der Ausführung und der Normung von Seilhängern berichtet.
Concise Review: Bipotent Megakaryocytic-Erythroid Progenitors: Concepts and Controversies
Authors: Xavier-Ferrucio Juliana , Krause Diane S.
Published: April 2018

Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells maintain blood formation throughout our lifetime by undergoing long- and short-term self-renewal, respectively. As progenitor cells progress through the hematopoiesis process, their differentiation capabilities narrow, such that the precursors become committed to only one or two lineages. This Review focuses on recent advances in the identification and characterization of bipotent megakaryocytic-erythroid progenitors (MEP), the cells that can further produce two completely different functional outputs: platelets and red blood cells. The existence of MEP has sparked controversy as studies describing the requirement for this intermediate progenitor stage prior to commitment to the erythroid and megakaryocytic lineages have been potentially contradictory. Interpretation of these studies is complicated by the variety of species, cell sources, and analytical approaches used along with inherent challenges in the continuum of hematopoiesis, where hematopoietic progenitors do not stop at discrete steps on single paths as classically drawn in hematopoietic hierarchy models. With the goal of improving our understanding of human hematopoiesis, we discuss findings in both human and murine cells. Based on these data, MEP clearly represent a transitional stage of differentiation in at least one route to the generation of both megakaryocytes and erythroid cells.
Mercury and Selenium in Twelve Cutthroat Trout Tissues from High‐Elevation Colorado Lakes, USA: Intraspecific and Interspecific Comparisons
Authors: Herrmann Scott J. , Nimmo Del Wayne R. , Vanden Heuvel Brian D. , Carsella James S. , Kennedy Christopher M. , Rogers Kevin B. , Wood John S. , Herrmann‐Hoesing Lynn M.
Published: April 2018

Total mercury (THg) and selenium (Se) concentrations were measured in 12 internal and external tissues of three different wild Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii populations occurring in pristine, high‐elevation lakes of Colorado, USA, within watersheds devoid of past and present mining activities. We have not found any comparable baseline data sets. The primary objective was to show how THg and Se bioaccumulate differentially among 12 tissues from Cutthroat Trout occurring in widely distant wilderness areas. A second objective was to compare THg and Se tissue levels in Cutthroat Trout from the pristine habitats to Cutthroat Trout populations elsewhere and to Brown Trout Salmo trutta from urbanized environments. The baseline tissue data from this investigation could be used to gauge other intraspecific and interspecific data sets. Results showed that both THg and Se concentrations were generally highest in the detoxifying organ tissues (liver, kidney, and spleen) and lowest in external tissues (skin and gill). In all three populations, THg levels were highest in kidney and second highest in spleen, while Se was highest in the liver. For 10 of 12 tissues, mean concentrations of THg were lower in Brown Trout from an urban setting than in the Cutthroat Trout from the pristine sites; testes and skin were the exceptional tissues. Threshold effect tissue concentrations of THg for muscle or ovary/eggs were not evident. None of the 34 Cutthroat Trout showed U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Se exceedances for ovary/eggs or muscle tissue. To show the relationship between THg and Se in each tissue, we calculated mean Se : Hg molar ratios, which were lowest in epaxial muscle in all three populations (range = 5.74–30.58), while kidney Se : Hg ratios were also in the low range (17.88–42.63). All tissues had a ratio greater than 1. In spite of atmospheric source‐inputs of both organometalloids to these pristine sites, the trout tissues appear to show no indication of deleterious trends.
Extrinsic Factors Influencing Somatic Growth of Lake Sturgeon
Authors: McDougall C. A. , Nelson P. A. , Barth C. C.
Published: April 2018

Variation in somatic growth of Lake SturgeonAcipenser fulvescenshas primarily been attributed to temperature (latitude), but recent studies have suggested additional complexities. Based on populations in Manitoba, Canada, a multivariate analysis was conducted to reevaluate the extrinsic factors influencing growth of Lake Sturgeon. Length at ages 3, 6, 9, and 12 and the following six explanatory variables were examined: latitude, mean annual air temperature,pH, conductivity, juvenile Lake Sturgeon density (gill‐netCPUE), and water velocity. Length‐at‐age variables were highly correlated, but considerable variation for fish of a given age was observed along the flow axes of individual rivers (and even within multibasin reservoirs). For example, fork length at age 12 ranged from 520 to 906 mm. After dropping latitude due to colinearity with both temperature andpH, a redundancy analysis based on the remaining five explanatory variables explained 79.9% of the variation in the four length‐at‐age variables. Lake Sturgeon growth was negatively correlated with bothCPUE(41.2% of variation) and velocity (19.2%) and positively correlated with conductivity (14.8%). The temperature andpHvariables lacked statistical significance for inclusion in a forward‐selection model, regardless of which other variables were included. Our results suggest that the influence of temperature (latitude) on Lake Sturgeon growth may previously have been overstated because habitat variation was not accounted for. Indeed, because populations exploit a diversity of river types across the species range, the discussion of growth needs to be placed in the context of habitat. Individuals from two Lake Sturgeon populations occupying similar latitudes can exhibit markedly different rates of somatic growth, with much of the variation being explained by juvenile density, water velocity, and conductivity. As Lake Sturgeon recovery proceeds, fisheries managers will need to contend with dynamic growth trajectory responses to increasing abundance, much as they would for other species.
Cover Image, Volume 7, Issue 3
Authors: Roly Zahida Yesmin , Backhouse Brendan , Cutting Andrew , Tan Tiong Yang , Sinclair Andrew H. , Ayers Katie L. , Major Andrew T. , Smith Craig A.
Published: April 2018

The cover image, by Zahida Yesmin Roly et al., is based on the Advanced Review The cell biology and molecular genetics of Müllerian duct development, DOI: 10.1002/wdev.310.

image
Topology and Equilibrium Analysis of the Monovalent Aluminum Compound Al4Cp*Ph4
Authors: Tomlinson Warren W. , Morris David , Johnson Curtis , Hooper Joseph P.
Published: April 2018

The theoretical structure and thermochemistry of the tetrameric, low‐valence aluminum compound Al4Cp*Ph4(Cp*Ph= C5Me4Ph) is discussed. The first synthesis of this compound was reported in 2005, but the compound failed to crystallize and experimental27Al NMR results were inconclusive in regard to the degree of association. Here density functional theory combined with a genetic algorithm is used to predict the expected structure and properties for Al4Cp*Ph4. Synthesis efforts were repeated for this compound, resulting in a product with a27Al NMR chemical shift that differed from the previous report by nearly 20 ppm. However, calculated27Al NMR chemical shifts for the theoretically predicted structure are within one ppm of these new experimental results, strongly suggesting the tetrameric form has been synthesized. Previous work on five Al4R4(R= C5H5, C5Me4H, C5Me5, C5Me4iPr, C5Me4Pr) compounds showed a general trend towards an increased likelihood of disassociation into monomeric species in solution as ligand bulk increased. Analysis of Al4Cp*Ph4, the sixth and bulkiest compound in this series, indicates a departure from this trend. Bonding characteristics for monomer and tetramer forms in this series are examined in detail via topological analysis to understand this trend.
Molecular interactions at the surface of extracellular vesicles
Authors: Buzás Edit I. , Tóth Eszter Á. , Sódar Barbara W. , Szabó-Taylor Katalin É.
Published: April 2018

Extracellular vesicles such as exosomes, microvesicles, apoptotic bodies, and large oncosomes have been shown to participate in a wide variety of biological processes and are currently under intense investigation in many different fields of biomedicine. One of the key features of extracellular vesicles is that they have relatively large surface compared to their volume. Some extracellular vesicle surface molecules are shared with those of the plasma membrane of the releasing cell, while other molecules are characteristic for extracellular vesicular surfaces. Besides proteins, lipids, glycans, and nucleic acids are also players of extracellular vesicle surface interactions. Being secreted and present in high number in biological samples, collectively extracellular vesicles represent a uniquely large interactive surface area which can establish contacts both with cells and with molecules in the extracellular microenvironment. Here, we provide a brief overview of known components of the extracellular vesicle surface interactome and highlight some already established roles of the extracellular vesicle surface interactions in different biological processes in health and disease.
Swallowing dysfunction as risk factor for undernutrition in older people admitted to Swedish short-term care: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Hägglund Patricia , Fält Anna , Hägg Mary , Wester Per , Levring Jäghagen Eva
Published: April 2018

Background

Swallowing dysfunction and risk of undernutrition increase the risk of pneumonia, morbidity, and mortality. Short-term care is an unexplored care context, where many older people stay yearly.

Aim

This cross-sectional study aimed to describe and analyze the relationship between swallowing dysfunction and risk of undernutrition among older people in short-term care, including potential gender-related differences.

Methods

In total, 391 people (209 women), aged ≥ 65 years (median age 84 years) and admitted to short-term care in five Swedish counties participated. They went through a timed water swallow test to assess swallowing dysfunction, including abnormal swallowing capacity and signs of aspiration (i.e., cough and voice change). Risk for undernutrition was assessed using the Minimal Eating Observation and Nutrition Form-version II.

Results

Swallowing dysfunction was observed in 248 of 385 (63%) participants, including abnormal swallowing capacity in 213 of 385 (55%) and aspiration signs in 127 of 377 (34%). Abnormal swallowing capacity was more frequent among women (p = 0.030), whereas men with normal swallowing capacity exhibited signs of aspiration more frequently (coughp = 0.038, voice changep = 0.004). Risk of undernutrition was found in 91 of 390 (23%) participants, more frequently among women (p = 0.007). A logistic regression model revealed an increased risk of undernutrition among older people with abnormal swallowing capacity (OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.04–2.92,p = 0.034).

Conclusions

The high prevalence of swallowing dysfunction and risk of undernutrition highlight the need for a systematic screening program and feasible treatment to improve swallowing function for adequate and safe food intake among older people in short-term care.

Clinical trial registration

This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov on July 4, 2016, under NCT02825927.
Science for children in a colonial context: Bengali juvenile magazines, 1883–1923
Authors: CHANDO ROY GAUTAM
Published: April 2018

In a period of anti-colonial political struggle and conservative reaction against liberal social reform in India, a band of Bengali men and women reached out to children through magazines with the intention of moulding them so that they would grow up to aid their nation's material progress and uphold a society bereft of colonial indignities and traditional injustices. Integral to this agenda was the attempt to explain the physical world scientifically to them, to make them knowledgeable, and to forge them into rational beings capable of looking at society critically. They wished the young to harbour a compassionate attitude towards nature, but they characterized the modern Western scientific way of knowing about the physical world as the only one worth imbibing, thereby infusing in children a bias against all who thought and lived otherwise. This science instruction was the endeavour of the avant-garde, an iconic hegemonic milieu that left its imprint in social reform and political struggle in colonial Bengali society for a long time.
On the statistical stability of Lorenz attractors with a stable foliation
Authors: BAHSOUN WAEL , RUZIBOEV MARKS
Published: April 2018

We prove statistical stability for a family of Lorenz attractors with a $C^{1+\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}}$ stable foliation.
American Evangelicals and African Politics: The Archives of the Fellowship Foundation, 1960s–1987
Authors: Jacobs Nancy J.
Published: April 2018

This article describes the archives of the Fellowship Foundation, best known as the organizers of the National Prayer Breakfast in Washington DC. The secretive character of the Fellowship probably accounts for its lack of visibility in African historical narratives to date. This article makes a case that this evangelical network was significant as a clandestine “track two” diplomatic organization with ties throughout Africa. Historians of international relations, it is suggested, may find useful sources in the public archives of Fellowship Foundation correspondence at the Billy Graham Center at Wheaton College in Illinois. The article reviews the records for several countries and offers examples of the banal, secretive, and sometimes usefully suggestive evidence to be found in the correspondence.
The water entry of multi-droplet streams and jets
Authors: Speirs Nathan B. , Pan Zhao , Belden Jesse , Truscott Tadd T.
Published: April 2018

Water entry has been studied for over a century, but few studies have focused on multiple droplets impacting on a liquid bath sequentially. We connect multi-droplet streams, jets and solid objects with physical-based scaling arguments that emphasize the intrinsically similar cavities. In particular, the cavities created by the initial impact of both droplet streams and jets on an initially quiescent liquid pool exhibit the same types of cavity seal as hydrophobic spheres at low Bond number, some of which were previously unseen for jets and droplet streams. Low-frequency droplet streams exhibit an additional three new cavity seal types unseen for jets or solid spheres that can be predicted with a new non-dimensional frequency. The cavity depth and cavity velocity for both droplet and jet impact are rationalized by an energy scaling analysis and the Bernoulli equation.
Onset of transition in the flow of polymer solutions through microtubes
Authors: Chandra Bidhan , Shankar V. , Das Debopam
Published: April 2018

Experiments are performed to characterize the onset of laminar–turbulent transition in the flow of high-molecular-weight polymer solutions in rigid microtubes of diameters in the range $390~\unicode[STIX]{x03BC}\text{m}{-}470~\unicode[STIX]{x03BC}\text{m}$ using the micro-PIV technique. By considering flow in tubes of such small diameters, the present study probes higher values of elasticity numbers ($E\equiv \unicode[STIX]{x1D706}\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}/R^{2}$) compared to existing studies, where $\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}$ is the longest relaxation time of the polymer solution, $R$ is the tube radius and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}$ is the kinematic viscosity of the polymer solution. For the Newtonian case, our experiments indicate that the natural transition (without the aid of any forcing mechanism) occurs at Reynolds number ($Re$) $2000\pm 100$. As the concentration of polymer is increased, initially there is a delay in the onset of the transition and the transition Reynolds number increases to $2500$. Further increase in concentration of the polymer results in a decrease in the Reynolds number for transition. At sufficiently high concentrations, the added polymer tends to destabilize the flow and the transition is observed to happen at $Re$ as low as $800$. It is also observed that the addition of polymers, regardless of their concentration, reduces the magnitude of the velocity fluctuations after transition. Dye-stream visualization is further used to corroborate the onset of transition in the flow of polymer solutions. The present work thus shows that addition of polymer, at sufficiently high concentrations, destabilizes the flow when compared to that of a Newtonian fluid, thereby providing additional evidence for ‘early transition’ or ‘elasto-inertial turbulence’ in the flow of polymer solutions. The data for the transition Reynolds number $Re_{t}$ from our experiments (for tubes of different diameters, and for two different polymers at varying concentrations) collapse well according to the scaling relation $Re_{t}\propto 1/\sqrt{E(1-\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD})}$, where $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}$ is the ratio of solvent viscosity to the viscosity of the polymer solution.
On some functions of salient initial accents in French talk-in-interaction: Intonational meaning and the interplay of prosodic, verbal and sequential properties of talk
Authors: Persson Rasmus
Published: April 2018

The question of whether and how intonation patterns bear meanings is an old one, usually evaluated with reference to imagined or elicited speech. This study takes an interactional linguistic approach instead, examining intonation and meaning in naturally occurring interaction. The pattern considered here is a French intonation contour involving a salient initial accent and a low primary accent. This intonation pattern could be analysed as the so-calledaccent d'insistance, which is often said to have pragmatic meanings such as intensification and contrastive focus. This article analyses the uses of this contour in repeats. When used in repeats of an interlocutor's speech, the contour indicates unproblematic receipt of the repeated talk, making a confirming response optional, and contrasts with a final rise pattern used in repeats that initiate repair and request confirmation. However, in two other types of repetitions (self-repetition of a previously made assessment, and modified self-repetition for correction purposes), there is indeed interactional evidence supporting the argument that the contour helps convey the pragmatic meanings intensification and contrastive focus, respectively. It is argued that all of these meanings are achieved through the interplay of semiotic resources of several kinds (prosodic, verbal and sequential properties of talk), and that the contour itself has no inherent, context-independent meaning. The empirical findings presented suggest that the autonomy of intonation in the achievement of meaning has been overemphasised.
Melodic constructions in Spanish: Metrical structure determines the association properties of intonational tones
Authors: Torreira Francisco , Grice Martine
Published: April 2018

This paper explores phrase-length-related alternations in the association of tones to positions in metrical structure in two melodic constructions of Spanish. An imitation-and-completion task eliciting (a) the low–falling–rising contour and (b) the circumflex contour on intonation phrases (IPs) of one, two, and three prosodic words revealed that, although the focus structure and pragmatic context is constant across conditions, phrases containing one prosodic word differ in their nuclear (i.e. final) pitch accents and edge tones from phrases containing more than one prosodic word. For contour (a), short intonation phrases (e.g. [Manolo]IP) were produced with a low accent followed by a high edge tone (L* H% in ToBI notation), whereas longer phrases (e.g. [El hermano de la amiga de Manolo]IP‘Manolo's friend's brother’) had a low accent on the first stressed syllable, a rising accent on the last stressed syllable, and a low edge tone (L* L+H* L%). For contour (b), short phrases were produced with a high–rise (L+H* ¡H%), whereas longer phrases were produced with an initial accentual rise followed by an upstepped rise–fall (L+H* ¡H* L%). These findings imply that the common practice of describing the structure of intonation contours as consisting of a constant nuclear pitch accent and following edge tone is not adequate for modeling Spanish intonation. To capture the observed melodic alternations, we argue for clearer separation between tones and metrical structure, whereby intonational tones do not necessarily have an intrinsic culminative or delimitative function (i.e. as pitch accents or as edge tones). Instead, this function results from melody-specific principles of tonal–metrical association.
The begotten-not-made distinction in the eastern pro-Nicenes
Authors: JACOBS NATHAN A.
Published: April 2018

The Nicene–Constantinopolitan profession that the Son of God is begotten, not made, presents the tension that the Son is caused by God but not created. This claim was a point of controversy in the semi-Arian and Eunomian/Anomean disputes of the fourth century. The latter argued that unoriginateness is central to divinity. Hence, the Son, being originate, cannot be of the same nature as the Father. Some philosophers of religion today echo this same conclusion. In this article, I show, contrary to both ancient and modern critics of the begotten-not-made distinction, that the Eastern fathers offer clear differences between begetting and creating, which clarify why the distinction is cogent and necessary within their metaphysics.
The social theory of the Trinity
Authors: SWINBURNE RICHARD
Published: April 2018

Subsequent to the fifth century until modern times all theologians agreed that God the Trinity is constituted by three persons (in Boethius's sense of ‘an individual substance of a rational nature’) who have a common divine essence, and are individuated only by their relations to each other. Having that essence entailed each being omnipotent and so perfectly good. In virtue of his perfect goodness the Father necessarily produces the Son (in order to have one equal whom to love and be loved by) and the Spirit (in order that the Son have one equal other than the Father to love and be loved by). There cannot be more than three divine persons because three persons are sufficient for the existence of unselfish love, and so any fourth divine person would be produced by an act which none of the three needed to produce, and so would not exist necessarily and so could not be divine. Necessarily if there is one divine person, there are three and only three divine persons.
Patient and companion concerns when receiving a dementia diagnosis: an observational study of dementia diagnosis feedback meetings
Authors: XANTHOPOULOU PENNY , DOOLEY JEMIMA , MEO ILARIA , BASS NICK , MCCABE ROSE
Published: April 2018

Receiving a diagnosis of dementia is a life-changing event and can cause strong emotional reactions. The aim of this study was to examine patient and companion concerns expressed during dementia diagnosis feedback meetings. Sixty consultations between 19 health-care professionals (HCPs), 60 patients and 59 companions were video-recorded and transcribed. Concerns were identified from the transcripts and were (a) content analysed, (b) coded aselicitedby the HCP orvolunteeredby the patient or companion, and (c) coded according to whether the HCPencouragedordiscouragedelaboration of the concern. A total of 249 concerns were identified (average four concerns per consultation). There were three areas of findings: (a) patients and companions were concerned about the symptoms of dementia and receiving a diagnosis; other concerns related to patients’ mental and physical health, and prognosis, (b) HCPs elicited more patient than companion concerns and mostly elicited concerns aligned with the agenda of diagnosis feedback, and (c) HCPs were more likely to encourage elaboration when they elicited the concern. Nearly 40 per cent of concerns were discouraged by the HPC changing topic, with concerns about prognosis most commonly discouraged. The findings suggest that there were a wide variety of concerns at dementia diagnosis, many extending beyond the experience of dementia symptoms. HCP avoidance of concerns about prognosis demonstrated delicacy in discussing the deteriorating course of dementia.
TOWARD A CONTINGENCY MODEL FOR HOSPITAL-BASED HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT: EVIDENCE FROM ADHOPHTA PROJECT
Authors: Cicchetti Americo , Iacopino Valentina , Coretti Silvia , Fiore Alessandra , Marchetti Marco , Sampietro-Colom Laura , Kidholm Kristian , Wasserfallen Jean-Blaise , Kahveci Rabia , Halmesmäki Esa , Rosenmöller Magdalene , Wild Claudia , Kivet Raul-Allan
Published: April 2018

Objectives: Hospital-based health technology assessment (HB-HTA) is becoming increasingly relevant because of its role in managing the introduction and withdrawal of health technologies. The organizational arrangement in which HB-HTA activities are conducted depends on several contextual factors, although the dominant models have several similarities. The aims of this study were to explore, describe, interpret, and explain seven cases of the application of HB-HTA logic and to propose a classification for HB-HTA organizational models which may be beneficial for policy makers and HTA professionals.

Methods: The study was part of the AdHopHTA Project, granted under the European 7th Framework Research Programme. A case study methodology was applied to analyze seven HB-HTA initiatives in seven countries, with collection of qualitative and quantitative data. Cross-case analysis was performed within the framework of contingent organizational theory.

Results: Evidence showed that some organizational or “structural” variables, namely the level of procedure formalization/structuration and the level of integration with other HTA bodies at the national, regional, and provincial levels, predominantly shape the HB-HTA approach, determining a contingency model of HB-HTA. Crossing the two variables, four options have emerged: integrated specialized HTA unit, stand-alone HTA unit, integrated-essential HTA, independent group unit.

Conclusions: No one-best-way approach can be used for HTA at the hospital level. Rather, the characteristics of HTA models depend on many contextual factors. Such conceptualization may aid the diffusion of HB-HTA to inform managerial decision making and clinical practice.
The Silurian hypothesis: would it be possible to detect an industrial civilization in the geological record?
Authors: Schmidt Gavin A. , Frank Adam
Published: April 2018

If an industrial civilization had existed on Earth many millions of years prior to our own era, what traces would it have left and would they be detectable today? We summarize the likely geological fingerprint of the Anthropocene, and demonstrate that while clear, it will not differ greatly in many respects from other known events in the geological record. We then propose tests that could plausibly distinguish an industrial cause from an otherwise naturally occurring climate event.
The LINC01138 drives malignancies via activating arginine methyltransferase 5 in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Li Zhe , Zhang Jiwei , Liu Xinyang , Li Shengli , Wang Qifeng , Di Chen  , Hu Zhixiang , Yu Tao , Ding Jie , Li Jinjun , Yao Ming , Fan Jia , Huang Shenglin , Gao Qiang , Zhao Yingjun , He Xianghuo
Published: April 2018

Recurrent chromosomal aberrations have led to the discovery of oncogenes or tumour suppressors involved in carcinogenesis. Here we characterized an oncogenic long intergenic non-coding RNA in the frequent DNA-gain regions in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), LINC01138 (long intergenic non-coding RNA located on 1q21.2). The LINC01138 locus is frequently amplified in HCC; the LINC01138 transcript is stabilized by insulin like growth factor-2 mRNA-binding proteins 1/3 (IGF2BP1/IGF2BP3) and is associated with the malignant features and poor outcomes of HCC patients. LINC01138 acts as an oncogenic driver that promotes cell proliferation, tumorigenicity, tumour invasion and metastasis by physically interacting with arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) and enhancing its protein stability by blocking ubiquitin/proteasome-dependent degradation in HCC. The discovery of LINC01138, a promising prognostic indicator, provides insight into the molecular pathogenesis of HCC, and the LINC01138/PRMT5 axis is an ideal therapeutic target for HCC treatment.
Inducing skyrmions in ultrathin Fe films by hydrogen exposure
Authors: Hsu Pin-Jui , Rózsa Levente , Finco Aurore , Schmidt Lorenz , Palotás Krisztián , Vedmedenko Elena , Udvardi László , Szunyogh László , Kubetzka André , von Bergmann Kirsten , Wiesendanger Roland
Published: April 2018

Magnetic skyrmions are localized nanometer-sized spin configurations with particle-like properties, which are envisioned to be used as bits in next-generation information technology. An essential step toward future skyrmion-based applications is to engineer key magnetic parameters for developing and stabilizing individual magnetic skyrmions. Here we demonstrate the tuning of the non-collinear magnetic state of an Fe double layer on an Ir(111) substrate by loading the sample with atomic hydrogen. By using spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy, we discover that the hydrogenated system supports the formation of skyrmions in external magnetic fields, while the pristine Fe double layer does not. Based on ab initio calculations, we attribute this effect to the tuning of the Heisenberg exchange and the Dzyaloshinsky–Moriya interactions due to hydrogenation. In addition to interface engineering, hydrogenation of thin magnetic films offers a unique pathway to design and optimize the skyrmionic states in low-dimensional magnetic materials.
The mechanisms of crystal growth inhibition by organic and inorganic inhibitors
Authors: Dobberschütz S. , Nielsen M. R. , Sand K. K. , Civioc R. , Bovet N. , Stipp S. L. S. , Andersson M. P.
Published: April 2018

Understanding mineral growth mechanism is a key to understanding biomineralisation, fossilisation and diagenesis. The presence of trace compounds affect the growth and dissolution rates and the form of the crystals produced. Organisms use ions and organic molecules to control the growth of hard parts by inhibition and enhancement. Calcite growth in the presence of Mg2+ is a good example. Its inhibiting role in biomineralisation is well known, but the controlling mechanisms are still debated. Here, we use a microkinetic model for a series of inorganic and organic inhibitors of calcite growth. With one, single, nonempirical parameter per inhibitor, i.e. its adsorption energy, we can quantitatively reproduce the experimental data and unambiguously establish the inhibition mechanism(s) for each inhibitor. Our results provide molecular scale insight into the processes of crystal growth and biomineralisation, and open the door for logical design of mineral growth inhibitors through computational methods.
Tissue-specific transcriptome profiling of Drosophila reveals roles for GATA transcription factors in longevity by dietary restriction
Authors: Dobson Adam J. , He Xiaoli , Blanc Eric , Bolukbasi Ekin , Feseha Yodit , Yang Mingyao , Piper Matthew D. W.
Published: April 2018

Dietary restriction (DR) extends animal lifespan, but imposes fitness costs. This phenomenon depends on dietary essential amino acids (EAAs) and TOR signalling, which exert systemic effects. However, the roles of specific tissues and cell-autonomous transcriptional regulators in diverse aspects of the DR phenotype are unknown. Manipulating relevant transcription factors (TFs) specifically in lifespan-limiting tissues may separate the lifespan benefits of DR from the early-life fitness costs. Here, we systematically analyse transcription across organs of Drosophila subjected to DR or low TOR and predict regulatory TFs. We predict and validate roles for the evolutionarily conserved GATA family of TFs, and identify conservation of this signal in mice. Importantly, restricting knockdown of the GATA TF srp to specific fly tissues recapitulated the benefits but not the costs of DR. Together, our data indicate that the GATA TFs mediate effects of dietary amino acids on lifespan, and that by manipulating them in specific tissues it is possible to reap the fitness benefits of EAAs, decoupled from a cost to longevity.
A Rift Valley fever virus Gn ectodomain-based DNA vaccine induces a partial protection not improved by APC targeting
Authors: Chrun Tiphany , Lacôte Sandra , Urien Céline , Jouneau Luc , Barc Céline , Bouguyon Edwige , Contreras Vanessa , Ferrier-Rembert Audrey , Peyrefitte Christophe N. , Busquets Nuria , Vidal Enric , Pujols Joan , Marianneau Philippe , Schwartz-Cornil Isabelle
Published: April 2018

Rift Valley fever virus, a phlebovirus endemic in Africa, causes serious diseases in ruminants and humans. Due to the high probability of new outbreaks and spread to other continents where competent vectors are present, vaccine development is an urgent priority as no licensed vaccines are available outside areas of endemicity. In this study, we evaluated in sheep the protective immunity induced by DNA vaccines encoding the extracellular portion of the Gn antigen which was either or not targeted to antigen-presenting cells. The DNA encoding untargeted antigen was the most potent at inducing IgG responses, although not neutralizing, and conferred a significant clinical and virological protection upon infectious challenge, superior to DNA vaccines encoding the targeted antigen. A statistical analysis of the challenge parameters supported that the anti-eGn IgG, rather than the T-cell response, was instrumental in protection. Altogether, this work shows that a DNA vaccine encoding the extracellular portion of the Gn antigen confers substantial—although incomplete—protective immunity in sheep, a natural host with high preclinical relevance, and provides some insights into key immune correlates useful for further vaccine improvements against the Rift Valley fever virus.
Flux-tunable heat sink for quantum electric circuits
Authors: Partanen M. , Tan K. Y. , Masuda S. , Govenius J. , Lake R. E. , Jenei M. , Grönberg L. , Hassel J. , Simbierowicz S. , Vesterinen V. , Tuorila J. , Ala-Nissila T. , Möttönen M.
Published: April 2018

Superconducting microwave circuits show great potential for practical quantum technological applications such as quantum information processing. However, fast and on-demand initialization of the quantum degrees of freedom in these devices remains a challenge. Here, we experimentally implement a tunable heat sink that is potentially suitable for the initialization of superconducting qubits. Our device consists of two coupled resonators. The first resonator has a high quality factor and a fixed frequency whereas the second resonator is designed to have a low quality factor and a tunable resonance frequency. We engineer the low quality factor using an on-chip resistor and the frequency tunability using a superconducting quantum interference device. When the two resonators are in resonance, the photons in the high-quality resonator can be efficiently dissipated. We show that the corresponding loaded quality factor can be tuned from above 105 down to a few thousand at 10 GHz in good quantitative agreement with our theoretical model.
Human kallikrein-related peptidase 12 stimulates endothelial cell migration by remodeling the fibronectin matrix
Authors: Kryza T. , Parent C. , Pardessus J. , Petit A. , Burlaud-Gaillard J. , Reverdiau P. , Iochmann S. , Labas V. , Courty Y. , Heuzé-Vourc’h N.
Published: April 2018

Kallikrein-related peptidase 12 (KLK12) is a kallikrein family peptidase involved in angiogenesis – a complex biological process in which the sprouting, migration and stabilization of endothelial cells requires extracellular matrix remodeling. To characterize the molecular mechanisms associated with KLK12′s proangiogenic activity, we evaluated its ability to hydrolyze various matrix proteins. Our results show that KLK12 efficiently cleaved the human extracellular matrix proteins fibronectin and tenascin, both of which are involved in the regulation of endothelial cell adhesion and migration. For fibronectin, the major proteolytic product generated by KLK12 was a 29 kDa fragment containing the amino-terminal domain and the first five type I fibronectin-domains, which are essential for regulating fibronectin assembly. We also demonstrated that KLK12-mediated fibronectin proteolysis antagonizes fibronectin polymerization and fibronectin fibril formation by endothelial cells, leading to an increase in cell migration. Furthermore, a polyclonal antibody raised against KLK12′s proteolytic cleavage site on fibronectin prevented the KLK12-dependent inhibition of fibronectin polymerization and the KLK12-mediated pro-migratory effect on endothelial cells. Taken as a whole, our results indicate that KLK12′s proangiogenic effect is mediated through several molecular mechanisms.
Micro-thermocouple on nano-membrane: thermometer for nanoscale measurements
Authors: Balčytis Armandas , Ryu Meguya , Juodkazis Saulius , Morikawa Junko
Published: April 2018

A thermocouple of Au-Ni with only 2.5-μm-wide electrodes on a 30-nm-thick Si3N4 membrane was fabricated by a simple low-resolution electron beam lithography and lift off procedure. The thermocouple is shown to be sensitive to heat generated by laser as well as an electron beam. Nano-thin membrane was used to reach a high spatial resolution of energy deposition and to realise a heat source of sub-1 μm diameter. This was achieved due to a limited generation of secondary electrons, which increase a lateral energy deposition. A low thermal capacitance of the fabricated devices is useful for the real time monitoring of small and fast temperature changes, e.g., due to convection, and can be detected through an optical and mechanical barrier of the nano-thin membrane. Temperature changes up to ~2 × 105 K/s can be measured at 10 kHz rate. A simultaneous down-sizing of both, the heat detector and heat source strongly required for creation of thermal microscopy is demonstrated. Peculiarities of Seebeck constant (thermopower) dependence on electron injection into thermocouple are discussed. Modeling of thermal flows on a nano-membrane with presence of a micro-thermocouple was carried out to compare with experimentally measured temporal response.
Author Correction: Niche harmony search algorithm for detecting complex disease associated high-order SNP combinations
Authors: Tuo Shouheng , Zhang Junying , Yuan Xiguo , He Zongzhen , Liu Yajun , Liu Zhaowen
Published: April 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.
Author Correction: WNT-activated bone grafts repair osteonecrotic lesions in aged animals
Authors: Salmon B. , Liu B. , Shen E. , Chen T. , Li J. , Gillette M. , Ransom R. C. , Ezran M. , Johnson C. A. , Castillo A. B. , Shen W. J. , Kraemer F. B. , Smith A. A. , Helms J. A.
Published: April 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.
Psychological Stress Deteriorates Skin Barrier Function by Activating 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase 1 and the HPA Axis
Authors: Choe Sung Jay , Kim Donghye , Kim Eun Jung , Ahn Joung-Sook , Choi Eun-Jeong , Son Eui Dong , Lee Tae Ryong , Choi Eung Ho
Published: April 2018

Psychological stress (PS) increases endogenous glucocorticoids (GC) by activating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. The negative effects of GC on skin barrier function under PS have been well-established. However, endogenous GC can also be active when cortisone (inactive form) is converted to cortisol (active form) by 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type I (11ß-HSD1) in the peripheral tissue. Here, we evaluated the changes in 11ß-HSD1 and barrier function under PS. Elevated 11ß-HSD1 in oral mucosa correlated with increased cortisol in the stratum corneum and deteriorated barrier function. Expression of 11ß-HSD1 in the oral mucosa correlated with that in the epidermal keratinocytes. We further investigated whether barrier function improved when PS was relieved using a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) in patients with anxiety. Decreased 11ß-HSD1 and improved barrier function were observed after SSRI treatment. The collective findings suggest that elevated 11ß-HSD1 under PS increases the level of cutaneous GC and eventually impairs barrier function. PS-alleviating drugs, such as SSRI, may help to treat PS-aggravated skin diseases.