bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fat Induces Glucose Metabolism in Nontransformed Liver Cells and Promotes Liver Tumorigenesis
Authors: Broadfield Lindsay A. , Duarte João André Gonçalves , Schmieder Roberta , Broekaert Dorien , Veys Koen , Planque Mélanie , Vriens Kim , Karasawa Yasuaki , Napolitano Francesco , Fujita Suguru , Fujii Masashi , Eto Miki , Holvoet Bryan , Vangoitsenhoven Roman , Fernandez-Garcia Juan , Van Elsen Joke , Dehairs Jonas , Zeng Jia , Dooley James , Rubio Rebeca Alba , van Pelt Jos , Grünewald Thomas G.P. , Liston Adrian , Mathieu Chantal , Deroose Christophe M. , Swinnen Johannes V. , Lambrechts Diether , di Bernardo Diego , Kuroda Shinya , De Bock Katrien , Fendt Sarah-Maria
Published: March 2021

Hepatic fat accumulation is associated with diabetes and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, we characterize the metabolic response that high-fat availability elicits in livers before disease development. After a short term on a high-fat diet (HFD), otherwise healthy mice showed elevated hepatic glucose uptake and increased glucose contribution to serine and pyruvate carboxylase activity compared with control diet (CD) mice. This glucose phenotype occurred independently from transcriptional or proteomic programming, which identifies increased peroxisomal and lipid metabolism pathways. HFD-fed mice exhibited increased lactate production when challenged with glucose. Consistently, administration of an oral glucose bolus to healthy individuals revealed a correlation between waist circumference and lactate secretion in a human cohort. In vitro, palmitate exposure stimulated production of reactive oxygen species and subsequent glucose uptake and lactate secretion in hepatocytes and liver cancer cells. Furthermore, HFD enhanced the formation of HCC compared with CD in mice exposed to a hepatic carcinogen. Regardless of the dietary background, all murine tumors showed similar alterations in glucose metabolism to those identified in fat exposed nontransformed mouse livers, however, particular lipid species were elevated in HFD tumor and nontumor-bearing HFD liver tissue. These findings suggest that fat can induce glucose-mediated metabolic changes in nontransformed liver cells similar to those found in HCC.

Significance:

With obesity-induced hepatocellular carcinoma on a rising trend, this study shows in normal, nontransformed livers that fat induces glucose metabolism similar to an oncogenic transformation.
Hexavalent TRAIL Fusion Protein Eftozanermin Alfa Optimally Clusters Apoptosis-Inducing TRAIL Receptors to Induce On-Target Antitumor Activity in Solid Tumors
Authors: Phillips Darren C. , Buchanan Fritz G. , Cheng Dong , Solomon Larry R. , Xiao Yu , Xue John , Tahir Stephen K. , Smith Morey L. , Zhang Haichao , Widomski Deborah , Abraham Vivek C. , Xu Nan , Liu Zhihong , Zhou Li , DiGiammarino Enrico , Lu Xin , Rudra-Ganguly Nandini , Trela Bruce , Morgan-Lappe Susan E.
Published: March 2021

TRAIL can activate cell surface death receptors, resulting in potent tumor cell death via induction of the extrinsic apoptosis pathway. Eftozanermin alfa (ABBV-621) is a second generation TRAIL receptor agonist engineered as an IgG1-Fc mutant backbone linked to two sets of trimeric native single-chain TRAIL receptor binding domain monomers. This hexavalent agonistic fusion protein binds to the death-inducing DR4 and DR5 receptors with nanomolar affinity to drive on-target biological activity with enhanced caspase-8 aggregation and death-inducing signaling complex formation independent of FcγR-mediated cross-linking, and without clinical signs or pathologic evidence of toxicity in nonrodent species. ABBV-621 induced cell death in approximately 36% (45/126) of solid cancer cell lines in vitro at subnanomolar concentrations. An in vivo patient-derived xenograft (PDX) screen of ABBV-621 activity across 15 different tumor indications resulted in an overall response (OR) of 29% (47/162). Although DR4 (TNFSFR10A) and/or DR5 (TNFSFR10B) expression levels did not predict the level of response to ABBV-621 activity in vivo, KRAS mutations were associated with elevated TNFSFR10A and TNFSFR10B and were enriched in ABBV-621–responsive colorectal carcinoma PDX models. To build upon the OR of ABBV-621 monotherapy in colorectal cancer (45%; 10/22) and pancreatic cancer (35%; 7/20), we subsequently demonstrated that inherent resistance to ABBV-621 treatment could be overcome in combination with chemotherapeutics or with selective inhibitors of BCL-XL. In summary, these data provide a preclinical rationale for the ongoing phase 1 clinical trial (NCT03082209) evaluating the activity of ABBV-621 in patients with cancer.

Significance:

This study describes the activity of a hexavalent TRAIL-receptor agonistic fusion protein in preclinical models of solid tumors that mechanistically distinguishes this molecular entity from other TRAIL-based therapeutics.
Platelet TLR4-ERK5 Axis Facilitates NET-Mediated Capturing of Circulating Tumor Cells and Distant Metastasis after Surgical Stress
Authors: Ren Jinghua , He Jiayi , Zhang Hongji , Xia Yujia , Hu Zhiwei , Loughran Patricia , Billiar Timothy , Huang Hai , Tsung Allan
Published: March 2021

Surgical removal of malignant tumors is a mainstay in controlling most solid cancers. However, surgical insult also increases the risk of tumor recurrence and metastasis. Tissue trauma activates the innate immune system locally and systemically, mounting an inflammatory response. Platelets and neutrophils are two crucial players in the early innate immune response that heals tissues, but their actions may also contribute to cancer cell dissemination and distant metastasis. Here we report that surgical stress–activated platelets enhance the formation of platelet-tumor cell aggregates, facilitating their entrapment by neutrophil extracellular traps (NET) and subsequent distant metastasis. A murine hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury model of localized surgical stress showed that I/R promotes capturing of aggregated circulating tumor cells (CTC) by NETs and eventual metastasis to the lungs, which are abrogated when platelets are depleted. Hepatic I/R also increased deposition of NETs within the lung microvasculature, but depletion of platelets had no effect. TLR4 was essential for platelet activation and platelet-tumor cell aggregate formation in an ERK5-GPIIb/IIIa integrin-dependent manner. Such aggregation facilitated NET-mediated capture of CTCs in vitro under static and dynamic conditions. Blocking platelet activation or knocking out TLR4 protected mice from hepatic I/R-induced metastasis with no CTC entrapment by NETs. These results uncover a novel mechanism where platelets and neutrophils contribute to metastasis in the setting of acute inflammation. Targeted disruption of the interaction between platelets and NETs holds therapeutic promise to prevent postoperative distant metastasis.

Significance:

Targeting platelet activation via TLR4/ERK5/integrin GPIIb/IIIa signaling shows potential for preventing NET-driven distant metastasis in patients post-resection.
Tatit, Meschonnic e a tradução de Caipira (Marques; Macaraí 1992): diálogos e desafios iniciais
Authors: Santos Julio César Ribeiro dos
Published: March 2021

À luz do diálogo inicial entre a Semiótica da Canção (Tatit 2003; 2012) e Estudos da Tradução (Jakobson 2010; Meschonnic 2006; 2008), proponho a descrição e análise de alguns elementos textuais de canção Caipira (Marques 1992) presente no álbum Planeta Azul (Chitãozinho & Xororó 1992) e sua tradução, integrante do álbum Grandes Clássicos da Música Sertaneja, vol. I (Chitãozinho & Xororó 2007). Busco enfatizar a interdependência entre categorias analíticas histórica e epistemologicamente tratadas pelos linguistas na ordem de sua discrição, e atento para que, conquanto aspectos estruturais elementares como letra, melodia e harmonia sejam preservados, o Ritmo, na condição de organização subjetiva e corpórea do discurso e apreendido na ordem do contínuo entre os níveis (Meschonnic 2006), permita a produção e reconhecimento de subjetivações e historicidades distintas.
Com o mbaraká nas mãos das palavras: traduzindo poesia indígena guarani
Authors: Ribeiro João Paulo
Published: March 2021

Traz proposta de tradução de poesia indígena guarani para a língua portuguesa, baseado na tradução como procedimento poético de repetição (Martins, 2018; 2019) a partir de Henri Meschonnic (2006; 2010; 2016), e da poética ameríndia, para uma reflexão acerca do sujeito da linguagem e do sujeito cosmológico. Mbaraká é um instrumento musical indígena, sagrado, e tem relação com o ritmo e encontro com o incomunicado, e aqui é pensado como um instrumento para a atividade de tradução.
Transradial Versus Transfemoral Access for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in ST-Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Di Santo Pietro , Simard Trevor , Wells George A. , Jung Richard G. , Ramirez F. Daniel , Boland Paul , Marbach Jeffrey A. , Parlow Simon , Kyeremanteng Kwadwo , Coyle Doug , Fergusson Dean , Russo Juan J. , Chong Aun-Yeong , Froeschl Michael , So Derek Y. , Dick Alexander , Glover Christopher , Labinaz Marino , Hibbert Benjamin , Le May Michel
Published: March 2021

Background:

Transradial access (TRA) has emerged as the preferred vascular access site for coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention. This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to evaluate 30-day all-cause mortality comparing TRA with transfemoral access for percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction.

Methods:

We performed a systematic literature search and meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies published from inception until January 7, 2020, in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science Core Collection. Preferred Reported Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were used for abstracting data. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality at 30 days. Secondary outcomes included myocardial infarction, major bleeding, stroke, and access site complications.

Results:

A total of 14 studies representing 11 707 patients (5802 patients with TRA; 5905 patients with transfemoral access) were included in this systematic review. All-cause mortality (N=8 studies) was significantly reduced in the TRA group with an overall risk ratio (RR) of 0.72 (95% CI, 0.56–0.92) in the pooled analysis. Major bleeding (N=12 studies; RR, 0.60 [95% CI, 0.45–0.80]) and access site complications (N=9 studies; RR, 0.40 [95% CI, 0.30–0.53]) were significantly higher in the transfemoral access group. There was no statistical difference in reinfarction (N=10 studies; RR, 0.96 [95% CI, 0.75–1.25]) or stroke (N=8 studies; RR, 1.47 [95% CI, 0.87–2.50]).

Conclusions:

TRA is associated with lower 30-day mortality, major bleeding, and access site complications when compared with transfemoral access in ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction patients who undergo percutaneous coronary intervention.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/
; Unique identifier: 127955.
Loyalty in the Teachings of Confucius and Josiah Royce
Authors: Foust Mathew A.
Published: March 2021

Loyalty is central to the philosophies of Confucius and Josiah Royce. In the case of Confucius, we see this significance in the emphasis placed in the Analects on zhong (“loyalty,” “other-regard,” or “dutifulness”) and xiao (“filial piety” or “filiality”). In the case of Royce, we see this significance in the emphasis placed on loyalty in The Philosophy of Loyalty. Moreover, in Confucius’s and Royce’s interactions with disciples and students, we witness appreciable loyalty, to their students and to their respective philosophies. This article compares the teachings—in thought and action—of Confucius and Royce, highlighting the significance of loyalty therein.
Musement as Listening: Daoist Perspectives on Peirce
Authors: Raposa Michael L.
Published: March 2021

Certain Daoist ideas explored here are compared with features of Peirce’s philosophy, supplying a helpful perspective on the latter. In particular, I examine Zhuangzi’s instruction about “listening” with one’s spirit, along with certain discussions of “listening energy” drawn from texts dealing with the Daoist martial arts. I argue that Daoist “listening” and Peirce’s concept of “musement” are both to be regarded as a disciplined form of attentiveness. By attending to no predetermined thing, a person thus disciplined is “ready” for the encounter with what might otherwise remain unperceived in experience, prepared to listen to voices that might otherwise be ignored.
Love in the Western and Confucian Traditions: Response to Chung-Ying Cheng
Authors: Mcpherran Mark L.
Published: March 2021

I agree with Professor Cheng’s critique that Kant shows that Practical Reason points toward a model of human subjectivity and human autonomy congenial to Confucian thinking. In the Western rationalist tradition also there are threads that connect to other world views in an illuminating fashion if we investigate their historical roots. Using Professor Cheng’s method, I claim that in the West there began a humanistic tradition that bears affinities to Confucius and which itself is now being transformed by its encounter with non-European thought. This exemplifies the comparative work that would be one facet of world humanities.
Heidegger, Misch, and the Origins of Philosophy
Authors: Nelson Eric S.
Published: March 2021

I explore how Heidegger and his successors interpret philosophy as an Occidental enterprise based on a particular understanding of history. In contrast to the dominant monistic paradigm, I return to the plural thinking of Dilthey and Misch, who interpret philosophy as a European and a global phenomenon. This reflects Dilthey’s pluralistic understanding of historical life. Misch developed Dilthey’s insight by demonstrating the multiple origins of philosophy as critical life-reflection in its Greek context and in the historical matrices of ancient India and China. Misch’s approach to Confucius and Zhuangzi reveals a historically informed, interculturally sensitive, and critically oriented life-philosophy.
Recognizing two Modes of Thinking and Living: Kierkegaardian and Confucian
Authors: Cheng Chung-Ying
Published: March 2021

Three basic questions regarding ethics and religion are explicitly raised by Kierkegaard; he offers his own answers to those questions. Since these three questions deal with basic issues of the meaning and purpose of human existence, they point to both theoretical and practical concerns which Confucianism also addresses. In addition, these questions provoke a Confucian response concerning the origin, nature and the goal of human existence. In this contrastive inquiry I present a polaristic approach which enhances the importance and significance of both Kierkegaardian and Confucian perspectives, posing a timely question of choice and decision for contemporary human persons.
Levinas and Kierkegaard: The Akedah, The Dao, and Aporetic Ethics
Authors: Nelson Eric S.
Published: March 2021

In this article, Kierkegaard’s depiction of the teleological suspension of the ethical is contrasted with Levinas’s articulation of the emergence of the ethical in the Akedah narrative drawing on Jewish, Christian, and Chinese philosophical and religious perspectives. The narrative of Abraham’s binding of Isaac illustrates both the distance and nearness between Kierkegaard and Levinas. Both realize that the encounter with God is a traumatic one that cannot be defined, categorized, or sublimated through ordinary ethical reflection or the everyday social-moral life of a community. For Kierkegaard, the self is forced back upon itself, exposed to the otherness of its singular unfathomable source; in Levinas a traumatic exposure and delivery over to the Other occurs. It leads to an inescapable ethical responsibility more fundamental than either religious faith or theoretical cognitive knowledge. The rupture and aporia of Abraham’s sacrifice appears to destroy the categories of the ethical. Yet it might suggest something other than the nihilistic or voluntaristic destruction of ethics. It indicates instead a different modality of the ethical; an aporetic and paradoxical ethics that resonates in part with classical Chinese Daoist sources such as the Daodejing and the Zhuangzi.
Sedimentation in Chinese Aesthetics and Epistemology: A Buddhist Expansion of Confucian Philosophy
Authors: Wawrytko Sandra A.
Published: March 2021

Li Zehou’s theory of sedimentation seeks to explain the uniqueness of the human species through its use of tools, both physical and cognitive, leading to cultures grounded in aesthetic taste and the prospect of suprabiological beings. However, the very sedimentation that constructs human culture can stagnate into obstructing sediment. Buddhist philosophy offers an epistemology of desedimentation that avoids attachment to cultural sediment without summarily rejecting its potential usefulness. More specifically, Buddhist “wisdom embracing all species” allows us to recognize our interconnection (pratītya-samutpāda) with nature by transcending anthropocentrism, and opening more effective strategies for dealing with ecological challenges.
The Changing Status of Chinese Philosophy
Authors: Ni Peimin
Published: March 2021

The article tries to stress the historical nature of the issue about the “legitimacy of Chinese philosophy.” It argues that we are facing an era in which the question will no longer be whether the thoughts of traditional Chinese masters can be comfortably adopted by a foreign “family”; instead, it will be whether we can make the marriage of Chinese traditional thoughts and Western philosophy a constructive process through which philosophy, whether Chinese or Western, can be rejuvenated with renewed legitimacy under the title originally coined by the Greeks, namely the love of wisdom.
The Forgotten Frankfurt School: Richard Wilhelm’s China Institute
Authors: Goulding Jay
Published: March 2021

Between 1925 and 1932, the University of Frankfurt housed Richard Wilhelm’s China Institute. A diverse compendium of international scholars passed through the Institute during these years. This article explores philosophical and historical interactions among Wilhelm, Carl Gustav Jung, and Martin Buber who contribute to the understanding of Daoism through philosophy, psychology, and religion, respectively.
Shared Identity of Horses and Men in Oromia, Ethiopia
Authors: Baynes-Rock Marcus , Teressa Tigist
Published: March 2021

In this paper, we draw attention to human-horse relations among the Oromo of West Shewa and the importance that men in particular ascribe to horses known as farrda mia. These horses are not a distinct breed; they attain their status through a process of selection based on attractiveness and mutual compatibility with their owners. Farrda mia are important in ceremonies, racing, and personal prestige to the degree that they constitute a cognitive affective unity with the men they allow on their backs. The relationships between Oromo men and their horses evoke novel conceptions of identity. Through reciprocal trust, exclusivity, naming, and performance, Oromo men and their horses constitute cognitive, affective centaurs that challenge conceptions of self- contained, self-embodied, human individuals.
Leaving the Market, Taking the Square: Space and Mobility in the Revolts of Late Medieval Tournai
Authors: Gonzalez Martin Pablo
Published: March 2021

This article studies the relation between the movement of people and objects and the use of urban places during revolts in late medieval Tournai. It posits that fixed locations were but one ingredient in the construction of medieval spaces of protest and contestation, and that most other essential elements, such as people, objects, and performances, were in fact mobile. As shown here through the case of Tournai, the mobile nature of these elements allowed rebels to transform urban space and its meanings as they moved across the town. The first part of the article looks at how rebels utilized mobility to disrupt and re-appropriate ordinary itineraries. The second part focuses on the “Becquerel revolts,” a series of uprisings that took place in a small, peripheral square. This is to show how urban guilds, by effectively managing to move people, objects, and performances to unexpected locations, not only took control of specific places, but also created their own spaces of contestation.
Mobility and Urban Space in Early Modern Europe: An Introduction
Authors: Zenobi Luca
Published: March 2021

Early modernists have explored a range of mobile practices taking place in cities: from religious and civic rituals to the multisensory experience of traversing streets and squares. Research has also shown the pivotal role played by cities as hubs where people came and went, ideas circulated, and goods passed through. Yet mobility did not just “take place” in cities. In presenting a new collection of articles on the subject, this paper suggests that urban spaces were more than just a stage for the streams of trade and migration. Rather, mobility had a transformative effect on cities: it assigned new meaning to urban locations, altered the ways in which space was ordered, and often refashioned the built environment itself. In addition, the paper argues that the relationship between movement and urban spaces was reciprocal: by channelling the flow of people through spaces of control and reception, cities shaped mobility as much as mobility shaped cities.
November, 1494: Politics in Motion in the Streets of Florence
Authors: Atkinson Niall S.
Published: March 2021

The spectacular entry of Charles VIII into Florence in 1494 initiated a series of political negotiations and maneuvers in which the French monarch, the local government, and the embattled Medici family vied for control over the city. With the threat of violence so present and reliable information so scarce, Florentines had to perform subtle interpretations of the movements of these actors in order to determine what was happening to their city. These eye-witness accounts reveal that the most elaborately staged ritual and the most improvised single gesture were part of a moving tableau whose meaning was contingent on understanding the relationship between the paths taken, the places visited, and the manner in which the protagonists moved through the city. As a result, we can learn how early modern cities were constituted by the ceaseless exchanges between the ephemeral movements of communities and the solidity of the built environment.
Chinese Storytelling in the Xi Jinping Era
Authors: Brown Kerry
Published: March 2021

In the era of Xi Jinping in China, the international profile of the country has risen. So too has its need to proactively spell out what its rise means to the rest of the world. This essay looks at the ways in which China has attempted to tell its story, and the challenges it has faced from a world that often knows little about it but also has strong, antipathetic opinions about its political system.
Consular Protection with Chinese Characteristics: Challenges and Solutions
Authors: Xia Liping
Published: March 2021

In today’s globalised world, giving consular protection to an increasing number of overseas citizens has become a common challenge to foreign ministries. China, as the most populous country witnessing fast economic development, is facing more severe challenges in this field. Since the 18th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, China’s consular protection has demonstrated new trends such as involving more actors in service delivery, constructing a co-ordination network, legalizing the management and taking targeted preventive measures. Compared with developed countries, ‘whole government involvement’ is the most prominent feature of China’s consular protection practice.
Mass Atrocities in Myanmar and the Responsibility to Protect in a Digital Age
Authors: Buzzi Camilla
Published: March 2021

Liberalisation of the telecommunications sector is a significant part of the political changes that were initiated in 2011 in Myanmar, making smartphones, sim cards, and access to the internet more widely available. Social media (SoMe) platforms, notably Facebook, have emerged as the main access to the internet for many people. But as the transition has proceeded, SoMe has become a space both for human rights activism and for inciting human rights abuses against vulnerable minorities. It is well documented that both the state and civil society in Myanmar have used Facebook to foment violence and mass atrocities against the Rohingya and other vulnerable minorities. This article examines some challenges for internet and SoMe governance drawing on the response of Facebook and various internet service providers in Myanmar in order to explore how to apply the norm of R2P on the net. The article aims to provide input for lessons learnt on mass atrocity prevention in a digital age.
Navigating between Pragmatism and Principle: Australia’s Foreign Policy Response to the 2017 Rohingya Crisis
Authors: Jacob Cecilia
Published: March 2021

The escalation of violence by Myanmar’s military forces against ethnic Rohingya populations in Rakhine State in 2017 served as a test case for Australia’s commitment to R2P, and its capacity to protect populations from widespread and systematic atrocities in its own regional neighbourhood. Australia’s response to the crisis in Myanmar was mixed; it co-sponsored a UN Human Rights Council resolution to establish the Independent International Fact-Finding Mission on Myanmar that was instrumental in determining the extent and nature of violence committed by Myanmar’s armed forces during the so-called ‘clearance operations’, and provided substantial humanitarian aid for affected Rohingya populations. Australia has, however, been criticised for not doing enough to pressure the government of Myanmar on the issue, for maintaining defence cooperation with Myanmar throughout the crisis, and for its reluctance to accept Rohingya refugees fleeing the violence. This article examines Australia’s response to the Rohingya crisis in the areas of international, regional, and bilateral diplomacy, humanitarian assistance, and defence cooperation. It asks why Australia did not take a more proactive role in confronting atrocities committed by the Myanmar government, and identifies lessons learnt and recommendations for strengthening Australia’s atrocity prevention architecture that is consistent with Australia’s pragmatic approach to regional assistance and its principled international advocacy.
Constructing Spiritual Blackness
Authors: Ramadan-Santiago Omar
Published: March 2021

In this article, I address how my interlocutors, members of the Rastafari community in Puerto Rico, claim that they identify with Blackness and Africanness in a manner different from other Black-identifying Puerto Ricans. Their identification process presents a spiritual and global construction of Blackness that does not fit within the typical narratives often used to discuss Black identity in Puerto Rico. I argue that their performance of a spiritually Black identity creates a different understanding of Blackness in Puerto Rico, one that is not nation-based but rather worldwide. This construction of Blackness and Black identity allows my interlocutors to create an imagined community of Blackness and African descent that extends past Puerto Rico’s borders toward the greater Caribbean region and African continent. In the first section, I discuss how Blackness is understood and emplaced in Puerto Rico and why this construction is considered too limiting by my interlocutors. I then address their own construction of Blackness, what I refer to as “spiritual Blackness,” and how they believe it diverges from Afro-Boricua/Black Puerto Rican identity. In the final section, I direct focus to how Africa is centralized in the construction of spiritual Blackness.
The Sanskrit Inscription of Śaṅkara and Its Interpretation in the National History of Indonesia
Authors: Griffiths Arlo
Published: March 2021

It is a well-known fact that Sanskrit had a relatively shorter and less prolific lifespan in the epigraphy of Indonesia, particularly in the Javanese epigraphic record, than in that of other Southeast Asian regions. All the more precious, therefore, are the rare opportunities to add a Sanskrit inscription to the historical record of Java and learn more of how the Sanskrit language was deployed on the island to represent events recorded for posterity. In this article, I offer my edition and interpretation of the inscription referred to in Indonesian publications as Prasasti Sankhara (sic, with kh), that is, the Inscription of Śaṅkara; debunk the entirely unfounded interpretation which it has received in successive reprints and editions of the greatly influential Sejarah nasional Indonesia (National history of Indonesia); and show the real historical interest of this inscription.
The Returnee as an Outsider: Reunion and Division in Wang Quan’an’s Apart Together (團圓, tuan yuan)
Authors: Huang Phyllis Yu-ting
Published: March 2021

Mainland Chinese director Wang Quan’an’s Apart Together, which won the Silver Bear Award for Best Screenplay in 2010, tackles the issue of cross-Strait relations by telling the story of Kuomintang veteran Liu Yansheng’s return to mainland China after nearly 40 years of separation from his wife and son. Shanghainese is the main language of the film, a dialect that is used to suggest a local attitude towards the national issue. While earlier Chinese films on similar themes often emphasise the cultural and emotional ties between Taiwan and China, in Wang’s film Liu is characterised as an unwelcome Taiwanese guest, an intruder in his wife’s Chinese family. This essay argues that Wang’s Apart Together contests the People’s Republic of China’s official discourse of cross-Strait reunification by demonstrating the cultural and identity divisions between the Taiwanese character and his Chinese family. Wang provides an alternative perspective on the ‘Taiwan issue’, showing that ordinary people’s experience of cross-Strait reunion might be painful and problematic.
Revisiting the taxonomy of Neomarica humilis (Trimezieae, Iridaceae) and some related names
Authors: GIL ANDRÉ DOS SANTOS BRAGANÇA , SCHNEIDER LAYLA JAMYLLE COSTA , BITTRICH VOLKER , AMARAL MARIA DO CARMO ESTANISLAU DO
Published: March 2021

We provide typifications and taxonomic notes for Neomarica humilis and some related species, to retain the taxonomic stability in Neomarica (Trimezieae, Iridaceae). We recognize Cypella humilis, the basionym of N. humilis, as a replacement name for the illegitimate Marica humilis, and N. vittata as a superfluous illegitimate name. We discuss the identity of the material cited by Klatt for C. humilis and designate a lectotype for M. humilis. In addition, we designate a neotype for N. occidentalis and a lectotype for N. portosecurensis. Furthermore, we distinguish N. humilis from the taxonomically related N. brachypus¸ N. northiana, and N. portosecurensis. All four species are illustrated.
Rediscovery of Cerroneuroterus apenninus (Trotter, 1923) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) a valid species from Italy with description and neotype designation
Authors: CERASA GIULIANO , SOTTILE SALVATORE , MASSA BRUNO , VERDE GABRIELLA LO
Published: March 2021

Neuroterus apenninus Trotter, 1923 associated with a Cerris section oak, Quercus cerris L., was rediscovered in Italy in 2017. Alessandro Trotter (1903) described a leaf gall collected on Q. cerris from the Italian Apennines; he did not obtain the gall inductor and ascribed the galls to the genus Neuroterus, based on morphological similarity with other Neuroterus galls. We have found the same gall and obtained the gall inducer. Detailed study of morphological characters of adults revealed that the species belongs to the genus Cerroneuroterus Melika & Pujade-Villar, 2010. The asexual generation of Cerroneuroterus apenninus comb. n. is described for the first time, a neotype is designated, and a diagnosis, host associations and biological notes are given; an identification key to the Western Palaearctic Cerroneuroterus species is provided.
Relationship Between Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII) and the Severity of Stable Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Candemir Mustafa , Kiziltunç Emrullah , Nurkoç Serdar , Şahinarslan Asife
Published: March 2021

Systemic immune-inflammation index (SII; platelet count × neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio), a novel marker, predicts adverse clinical outcomes in coronary artery diseases (CAD). We hypothesized that SII could provide more valuable information in assessing the severity of CAD than ratios obtained from other white blood cell subtypes. Patients (n = 669) who underwent coronary angiography were analyzed in this retrospective study. We analyzed the relation between the SII and the angiographic severity of CAD. The severity of coronary atherosclerosis was determined by the SYNTAX score (SxS). Patients with CAD were divided into 3 groups according to the SxS. Multivariate logistic analysis was used to assess risk factors of CAD. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, the SII (odds ratio: 1.004; 95% CI: 1.001-1.007; P = .015) was an independent predictor of high SxS. Additionally, there was a positive correlation between SII and SxS (Rho: 0.630, P ≤ .001). In the receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis, SII with an optimal cutoff value of 750 × 103 predicted the severe coronary lesion with a sensitivity of 86.2% and specificity of 87.3%. The SII, an inexpensive and easily measurable laboratory variable, was significantly associated with the severity of CAD and high SxS in patients with stable angina pectoris.
Religious Diversity and Equality in Interwar Yugoslavia
Authors: Falina Maria
Published: March 2021

This paper explores the relationship between religion and state- and nation-building in interwar Yugoslavia. In the current scholarship, the relationship between religion and nationalism in interwar Yugoslavia has been assessed primarily in terms of its contribution to the Croat-Serbian tension and exacerbating political crisis leading to the collapse of the state (Ekmečić, 1989; Radić, 2000, 2003). This approach continues the historiographical tradition of studying the positive link between religion and national identity in the Balkans, where indeed since the 19th century religion has played an important role in the development of national ideologies and national movements (Jelavich, 1983; Kitromilides, 1994). This articles provides a more detailed exploration of the dynamic behind the religious communities’ shift from initial support of Yugoslavia in 1918 to disenchantment with the Yugoslav idea and withdrawal of support. I argue that the reasons for this shift are closely linked to how Yugoslav authorities approached the question of religious diversity and attempted to secure religious equality in the context of establishing new state structures; and to what assumptions were made about the role and place of religion in relation to both the new state and the Yugoslav nation. The article thus questions the presumption that religion was inevitably a destabilizing factor in the interwar period.
The anti-mercenary norm and the market for combat force
Authors: Petersohn Ulrich
Published: March 2021

Since 2013, combat services have been increasingly exchanged on the market. This development is puzzling since the practice emerged despite an anti-mercenary norm banning such services, and without any revision of the norm. The article argues that the combat market is not a deliberate design, but the result of strategic interaction. For some, compliance with the anti-mercenary norm is the best strategy, while for others, violating the norm is best. However, once the norm violation occurs, it is in the interest of all actors to maintain a façade of compliance. Non-compliant actors benefit from the combat services, and compliant actors do not have to engage in costly sanctioning of the norm violation, and avoid the reputational costs associated with non-enforcement. The article employs game theory to investigate the strategic interactions of actors across eleven combat contracts from 2013 to 2019.
Karl Rahner on Childhood
Authors: Rogers Jessie
Published: March 2021

Karl Rahner’s ‘Ideas for a Theology of Childhood’ has become increasingly influential in childhood studies. In this article I critically assess Rahner’s ideas in this seminal work to highlight the answer Rahner proposes to the question of the meaning and task of childhood. This is brought into brief conversation with writings of Jürgen Moltmann and Jerome Berryman. Rahner’s ideas of childhood can be critiqued for a lack of careful engagement with the details of Scripture and concrete life settings, and for underestimating the effects of childhood trauma. One can also ask whether transcendental philosophy provides an accessible language, particularly in an interdisciplinary context. Nevertheless, ‘mystery of the child’ language is now near-ubiquitous in contemporary Christian authors on childhood. Rahner’s insights into childhood can function like the reality of childhood itself, remaining as a life-giving root in a theology that unfolds as others take it further.
The Faith Once for All Delivered: Liturgical Theology, Scripture, and the Evangelical Free Church Tradition
Authors: Ottaway Jonathan
Published: March 2021

This article proposes to explain how the evangelical Free Church commitment to scripture as its primary authority affects their interaction with liturgical theology. Free Church theology is underpinned by various hermeneutical, theological, and cultural commitments—none more central than its commitment to scripture as revelation of and from God—which complicates Free Church engagement with much recent liturgical scholarship that emphasizes the ecclesiological basis for Christian worship and the corollary authority of Christian tradition. In the first part of the article, I provide an exploration of theological authority within Free Church evangelicalism, arguing that their commitment to scripture’s authority is a commitment to the ecclesial tradition of the apostolic church. In the second part of the article, I explore two additional hermeneutical considerations for evangelical liturgical theology that follow from their commitment to scripture: the priority of biblical exegesis in the theological process and the application of a trusting hermeneutic in their reading of scripture.
A Body That Matters: Liturgy, Mediation, Performativity
Authors: Dalwood Charlotte
Published: March 2021

Taking the liturgy of The Episcopal Church as an extended case study, this article develops a poststructuralist eucharistic theology that bears upon the theorization of religious identity, Christian liturgy, and material religion. My point of departure is the question of whether a dinner-church Communion—that is, one in which an Episcopal priest consecrates items other than bread and wine—would qualify as an Anglican eucharistic celebration if that service was conducted using the 1979 Episcopal Book of Common Prayer. To this query I respond in the affirmative. In conversation with Birgit Meyer on religious media and Judith Butler on language and matter, I argue that it is in being interpreted as the body and blood of Christ that the eucharistic elements come to be materialized as such, with the Book of Common Prayer governing that interpretation for Anglicans and giving it force.
Deep in the Bones Lie Memories and Hopes: A Grand Unified Theory
Authors: McCarthy Daniel P.
Published: March 2021

Christ’s bones are missing at the Holy Sepulchre; St Peter’s bones remain in his basilica; Hagia Sophia was not built on bones. The absence, presence, or lack of bones effects different emphases on memory (anamnesis) and fulfillment (eschatology). In Jerusalem we witness our future glory (eschatology) already revealed in our history (anamnesis); in Rome we recall (anamnesis) the sacrifice of martyrs whose bones remain until the general resurrection (eschatology), even while we venerate the saints in light; at Hagia Sophia liturgy itself, rather than bones, provides the context for remembering the whole Christ in the power of the Spirit. Celebrating liturgy over the bones of martyrs in Rome, while venerating their sacrifice, may have accentuated the sacrificial character of the eucharistic liturgy in the Christian west, whereas in the Christian east the eschatological glory already revealed in our history and in liturgy may have shaped the eschatological character of liturgy.
Infant Baptism: God’s Promise or Ours?
Authors: Faber Ryan L.
Published: March 2021

This article examines the baptism liturgies of the Christian Reformed Church in North America (CRC). It argues that parental promises eclipse the promise of God in the practice of baptism in the CRC. A discernible shift from an emphasis on God’s promise in the CRC’s oldest liturgy to an increasing emphasis on parental promises in the new liturgies adopted by Synods 1976 and 1994 is observed. Ambiguity about the meaning of baptism is evident in the CRC’s newest baptism liturgies, adopted by Synods 2013 and 2016. This article concludes that the denomination should adopt a new baptism liturgy in which parental promises are made only after the administration of their child’s baptism.
A Shield for the Tip of the Spear
Authors: White Samuel
Published: March 2021

The defence of superior orders is not new. However, within Australia, its statutory codification is lamentably underexplored. The 2018 Amendments to Part IIIAAA of the Defence Act 1903 (Cth) provides a neat catalyst to expand the defence and look at possible manners in which it can be constructed. Utilising a theoretical case study of Australian Defence Force members killing a possible terrorist, ‘this article addresses’ the key elements of the defence—what an order is, when can it be constructed as being manifestly unlawful and what does reasonable and necessary force mean for Australian Defence Force members.
H∞ controller design for the mitigation of atmospheric effects on the laser beam pointing
Authors: Subaşı Özgenç , Erol Bilal , Altıner Berk , Turan Harun , Baci Nurdan
Published: March 2021

In this paper, the control of a fast steering mirror, which is the core element of an adaptive optics system, is investigated to suppress the beam jitter. The main source of the jitter is taken as the atmospheric turbulence. The effect of the atmospheric turbulence on the beam jitter is experimentally determined with respect to the two different refractive index structure parameters. The mathematical model of the fast steering mirror based on the atmoshperic turbulence data is obtained using the system identification. In order to overcome implementation problems, the low order proportional-integral-derivative (PID) type controllers, which minimize the [Formula: see text] norm of the closed loop system, are designed in the centralized and the decentralized settings. In addition to this, the fixed order weighted [Formula: see text] controller is based on the frequency characteristics of the atmospheric turbulence that is determined experimentally. Then, in order to show the effectiveness of the proposed low order PID type controller, the designed controllers are compared on the experimental setup. Finally, the simulation and the experimental results are presented. Comparison of advantageous and disadvantageous of centralized and decentralized controller architectures are discussed.
The intraoral growth patterns of parapharyngeal tumors: A proposed classification system
Authors: Feng Yanjun , Wang Jianhong , Li Xiping , Meng Lingzhao , Rao Yuansheng , Yang Fan
Published: March 2021

Objective:

Nearly half of parapharyngeal space (PPS) tumors present as an intraoral mass, which is diagnostically challenging. In this study, we studied whether preoperative growth patterns were associated with histopathological diagnosis for planning surgery.

Methods:

We performed a cross-sectional study in patients with PPS tumors. A simplified classification scheme based on intraoral tumor growth patterns (patterns 1 and 2) was then proposed. In pattern 1, tumors bulge submucosally to the oropharynx from the soft palate, with the center convexity above the uvula. In pattern 2, tumors bulge submucosally to the oropharynx from the lateral oropharynx wall, with the center convexity below the uvula. The association of this classification with postoperative histopathological diagnosis and surgical-related events was studied.

Results:

Twenty-two patients were enrolled in this study (12 with pattern 1, 10 with pattern 2). Of these, 91.7% (11/12) of pattern 1 tumors were salivary gland tumors ( P < .001), and 90% (9/10) of pattern 2 tumors were neurogenic ( P < .001). Pattern 2 tumors had fewer bleeding complications or needed external approaches when a transoral approach was chosen.

Conclusions:

This new classification of PPS tumors facilitates the prediction of salivary gland and neurogenic tumors and can improve the accuracy of preoperative radiologic diagnosis. This system will be helpful for planning surgical interventions, such as implementing transoral approaches.
Interventions that Improve Sleep in Caregivers of Adult Care-Recipients: A Systematic Review
Authors: Fernández-Puerta Laura , Prados Germán , Jiménez-Mejías Eladio
Published: March 2021

The purpose of the present review was to compile and analyze all interventions aimed at improving the sleep–rest pattern of adult caregivers. A database search was performed in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL and PsycINFO. Twenty-four papers published between 1998 and 2020 met the inclusion criteria. Informal caregivers can benefit from various types of sleep interventions, including (a) cognitive-behavioral sleep interventions (CBIs), (b) caregiver health interventions (CHIs), and (c) exercise programs. Other types of interventions such as acupressure, back massage, reflexology, music, and heart rate variability biofeedback sessions may have beneficial effects on the sleep of caregivers. Yet, studies on this topic are heterogeneous and often have considerable methodological shortcomings. Few clinical trials have explored sleep problems as a dyadic caregiver–patient relationship. It is necessary to conduct new clinical trials to determine the viability and level of evidence of the various strategies aimed at improving sleep of informal caregivers.
The Adult Neck Mass: Predictors of Malignancy
Authors: Kshirsagar Rijul S. , Anderson Meredith , Boeckermann Lauren M. , Gilde Jason , Shen Joseph Y. , Meltzer Charles , Wang Kevin H.
Published: March 2021

Objective

Distinguishing benign from malignant adult neck masses can be challenging because data to guide risk assessment are lacking. We examined patients with neck masses from an integrated health system to identify patient and mass factors associated with malignancy.

Study Design

Retrospective cohort.

Setting

Kaiser Permanente Northern California.

Methods

The medical records of adults referred to otolaryngology in 2017 for a neck mass were evaluated. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed.

Results

Malignancy was found in 205 (5.0%) of the cohort’s 4103 patients. Patient factors associated with malignancy included sex, age, and race/ethnicity. Males had more than twice the odds of malignancy compared with females (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.38). Malignancy rates increased with age, ranging from 2.1% for patients younger than 40 years to 8.4% for patients 70 years or older. White non‐Hispanic patients had 1.75 times the risk of malignancy compared with patients of other race/ethnicities. The percentage of patients with malignancy increased with increasing minimum mass dimension, from 3.0% in patients with mass size <1 cm to over 31% in patients with mass sizes 2 cm or larger (P <. 0001). Imaging‐based mass factors most highly predictive of malignancy included larger minimum mass dimension (≥1.5 cm vs <1.5 cm: aOR = 3.87), multiple masses (2 or more vs 1: aOR = 5.07), and heterogeneous/ill‐defined quality (aOR = 2.57).

Conclusion

Most neck masses referred to otolaryngology were not malignant. Increasing age, male sex, white non‐Hispanic ethnicity, increasing minimum mass dimension, multiple neck masses, or heterogeneous architecture/ill‐defined borders were associated with malignancy.