bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Skin mucus extract derived from Channa punctatus, Channa striatus, and Heteropneustes fossilis induces apoptosis and suppresses proliferation in human adenocarcinoma cells via ROS mediated pathway and cell cycle arrest
Authors: Jameel Farheen , Agarwal Priyanka , Ahmad Rumana , Siddiqui Sahabjada , Serajuddin M.
Published: August 2024

Purpose
Skin mucus of freshwater fish species living in muddy habitats possesses the ability to inhibit the growth of human pathogens, and may also have the potential to inhibit the growth of cancer cells. This study first explored the anti-cancer activity of skin mucus acetic extracts of Channa punctatus (CPMA), Channa striatus (CSMA) and Heteropneustes fossilis (HFMA) against lung adenocarcinoma.
Methods
The cytotoxicity of the extract(s) on A549 and NRK-52E cells were evaluated using MTT assay and morpholological analysis of cells. Nuclear condensation, ROS generation, apoptosis and cell cycle analysis was performed on A549 cells. The protein profiles of extract(s) were evaluated via. SDS-PAGE.
Results
SDS-PAGE showed 15.2–69.1, 14.3–70.2 and 14- 97.5 kDa proteins in CPMA, CSMA and HFMA respectively. The extracts inhibited cellular proliferation in A549 cells in a dose-dependent manner, with IC50 values of 619 (CPMA), 591 (CSMA), and 538 µg/mL (HFMA). Morphological changes in the cells, presence of condensed nuclei and intracellular production of ROS increased dose dependently in the order HFMA > CSMA > CSMA. Early and late apoptotic cells were observed at low and high doses respectively. Moreover, G2/M arrest was found at low dose and apoptosis at high dose of CPMA and CSMA, while both G2/M arrest and apoptosis was found in a dose dependent manner in HFMA treated cells. Interestingly, no toxicity was observed against healthy NRK-52E cells.
Conclusion
HFMA possess the highest cytotoxic effect against A549 cells, followed by CSMA and then CPMA, which directly corresponds to the range of MW of proteins present therein.
Vehicle-drone collaborative distribution path planning based on neural architecture search under the influence of carbon emissions
Authors: Ma Jia , Ma Xinru , Li Chulian , Li Tongyan
Published: August 2024

Intelligent operation and green distribution have become a mainstream task to enable fast development of urban distribution applications. However, how to improve the distribution efficiency with low operating costs, and mitigate environmental pollution with high service quality is still a significant challenge in the practical industry applications. To address the above challenge, in this paper, we take into account both the economic cost and environmental cost, and propose a joint distribution path planning model based on neural architecture search (NAS) for electric vehicles with double-decked drones. More specifically, in our design, the factors such as energy consumption and carbon emissions of vehicles and drones during different distribution stages are considered. Then, a mixed integer linear programming model is established under the constraints of customer time window, vehicle capacity and vehicle battery capacity. Based on this model, a hybrid genetic algorithm is proposed to solve the optimization problem, where the carbon emission cost is estimated by the convolution neural network model, which is optimized by the neural architecture search technique. We conduct extensive experiments to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The experimental results show that, compared with CPLEX, the proposed method excelled in both solution quality and speed, which verify the effectives of our hybrid algorithm in dealing with the 2E-VRPD problem, where delivery routes can be well optimized, the efficiency of vehicle-machine collaborative delivery can be improved, and delivery costs are reduced.
Comparative study of lignin biocellulose and bacterial cellulose
Authors: Othman Jofry Bin , Rahman Norliza Abd , Ali Jarinah Mohd , Kamarudin Siti Kartom
Published: August 2024

The abundant oil palm empty fruit bunches possess attractive properties of lignin and biocellulose that present significant potential for conversion into a range of products. Nonetheless, this requires an appropriate pretreatment strategy that achieves a favorable equilibrium between effective lignin removal and mild cellulose extraction, to fully exploit these biopolymer constituents. This study demonstrated the effective utilization of OPEFB lignin and β-cellulose in developing an innovative biofilm product, underscoring the efficient utilization of lignin biocellulose. An encouraging technique involving bacterial cellulose, which is increasingly being explored for new applications in the food and medical fields, is evaluated for its suitability in OPEFB pretreatment. Nevertheless, it was observed that the current enzymatic approach is not ideal for overcoming the lignin protective barrier during OPEFB pretreatment. Areas for enhancement in this method are pinpointed, particularly in the production of ligninolytic enzymes that can rival emerging alkaline pretreatment methods.
Development of the novel wheat-tetraploid Thinopyrum elongatum 4EL small fragment translocation lines with the stripe rust resistance gene Yr4EL
Authors: Gong Biran , Gao Jing , Xie Yangqiu , Zhang Hao , Zhu Wei , Xu Lili , Cheng Yiran , Wang Yi , Zeng Jian , Fan Xing , Sha Lina , Zhang Haiqin , Zhou Yonghong , Wu Dandan , Li Yinghui , kang Houyang
Published: August 2024

Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is a devastating wheat disease worldwide. Deployment of disease resistance (R) genes in cultivars is the most effective way to control the disease. The all-stage stripe rust R gene Yr4EL from tetraploid Thinopyrum elongatum was previously introduced into common wheat through the 4D (4E) substitution and T4DS·4EL translocation lines. To further map and utilize Yr4EL, Chinese Spring (CS) mutant pairing homoeologous gene ph1b was used to introduce recombination between chromosomes of 4EL and common wheat by crossing program. Two homozygous small fragment translocation lines T4DS·4DL-4EL and T5AS·5AL-4EL with Yr4EL resistance were selected using molecular markers and confirmed by genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and 660K SNP array analyses. The Yr4EL is located about 35 Mb (577.76~612.97 Mb) from the terminal of the chromosome arm 4EL based on the diploid Th. elongatumreference genome. In addition, two competitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) markers were developed and showed co-segregation with Yr4EL, which can facilitate molecular marker-assisted selection in wheat breeding programs. T4DS·4DL-4EL lines were crossed and backcrossed with wheat cultivars SM482 and CM42 to obtain pre-breeding lines with stripe rust resistance and good agronomic traits, showing great potential for wheat breeding. These results will provide new germplasm for wheat stripe rust resistance breeding, as well as provide solid foundation for Yr4EL fine mapping and cloning.
Learning dynamics during clinical handover: A qualitative study among final year students in central region nursing colleges, Malawi
Authors: Nkhoma Lydia , Chirambo Baxter , Lungu Florence , Bvumbwe Thokozani , Mbakaya Balwani Chingatichifwe
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND: Clinical handover is the transfer of essential information, professional responsibility and authority for care of the patient from one health care provider to another. Clinical handover not only ensures patient safety and continuity of care but also provides learning opportunity for nursing students. Effective learning during clinical handover allows smooth transition of final year nursing students into practice. The aim of the study was to explore the dynamics of learning during handover among final year nursing students in central region nursing colleges.METHODS: A qualitative descriptive phenomenology study was done among final year nursing students in central region nursing colleges in Malawi. Purposive sampling method was used to recruit 15 participants for the study. Data in this study was collected using focus group discussions utilizing a focused group discussion guide. Data analysis was done manually using Colaizzi’s (1978) seven step approach.RESULTS: In this study, effective learning during clinical handover evolved around active involvement of student and teacher, comprehensive content and pedagogical knowledge of the clinical teacher and the conducive learning environment. Teaching strategies like question and answer, discussions and lecture method were among the most utilized teaching methods during handover. Shared knowledge, maximized learning opportunities and diversity were identified as facilitating factors to student learning. However lack of knowledge, poor time management, poor relationships between nurses and students as well as poor attitudes towards handover were among the most attributable barriers to student learning during handover.CONCLUSION: For students to maximize the teaching and learning opportunities that clinical handover offers, interventions like ensuring time management during clinical handover, promoting good work relationships, good clinical handover attendance, improved clinical teacher content/pedagogical knowledge and promoting self-initiated learning among students should be encouraged.
Automated Generation of Structure Datasets for Machine Learning Potentials and Alloys
Authors: Poul Marvin , Huber Liam , Neugebauer Jörg
Published: August 2024

We propose a strategy for generating unbiased and systematically extendable
training data for machine learning interatomic potentials (MLIP) for multicomponent
alloys, called Automated Small SYmmetric Structure Training or ASSYST.
Based on exploring the full space of random crystal structures with space groups,
it facilitates the construction of training sets for MLIPs in an automatic way
without prior knowledge of the material in question. The advantages of this approach
are that only cells consisting of few atoms (~10) are needed for the DFT training set,
and the size and completeness of the data set can be systematically controlled
with very few parameters. We validate that potentials fitted this way can accurately describe
a wide range of binary and ternary phases, random alloys, as well as point and extended defects,
that have not been part of the training set. Finally, we estimate the binary phase diagrams
with good experimental agreement. We demonstrate that the overall excellent performance
is not a coincidence, but a consequence of the extensive sampling in phase space of ASSYST.
Overall, this means that ASSYST will enable the largely autonomous generation of
high-quality DFT reference data and MLIPs.
Contribution of Continuous Professional Development in Enhancing Teachers’ Pedagogical Knowledge of Teaching Mathematics and Science in Rwanda Lower Secondary Schools
Authors: Nyirahabimana Pascasie , Karegeya Claude , Ntihabose Ruth , Uwineza Innocente , Mutarutinya Vedaste , Mushimiyimana Henriette , Nsengimana Venuste , Nzabahimana Joseph
Published: August 2024

Teachers' professional knowledge is crucial for quality education. Despite efforts in Rwanda to train teachers in mathematics and science under the Competence-Based Curriculum (CBC), there has been no investigation into the alignment between Continuous Professional Development (CPD) content focusing on the Inquiry-Based Teaching and Learning (IBTL) and actual classroom practices. This study used mixed methods approach with a convergent research design to evaluate the effects of CPD training on the pedagogical knowledge of lower secondary school teachers of maths and science. Data were collected from 32 randomly selected teachers through classroom observations and from 208 teachers via online surveys. Quantitative data were analyzed using the Count If function, and qualitative data were analyzed thematically. Classroom observations revealed that teachers faced challenges in implementing IBTL, such as designing effective assessments, limited time and resources, resistance to change, institutional constraints, lack of ICT skills, and providing individualized attention. Over 65% of teachers struggled to prepare learner-centered lessons according to IBTL principles. Additionally, teachers found it difficult to connect theoretical concepts to real-world applications due to inadequate resources like textbooks, laboratory equipment, and ICT tools. Qualitative findings showed that CPD programs did not significantly improve teachers' abilities to engage students, foster collaboration and communication, promote professional growth, or enhance teaching and assessment methods. Based on these findings, the study recommends ongoing support, monitoring, and evaluation of CPD programs, along with an assessment of teachers' perceptions to address challenges in applying the pedagogical knowledge gained from CPD training.
Associations of Severity of Dry Eye Symptoms and Signs with the Quality of Life in the Dry Eye Assessment and Management (DREAM) Study
Authors: Cheng Ellie , Han Katherine , Chen Yineng , Asbell Penny , Ying Gui-Shuang
Published: August 2024

Purpose: To assess associations of dry eye disease (DED) severity of symptoms and signs with the quality of life in patients with moderate-to-severe DED.
Methods: At baseline, 6 and 12 months, participants (N=535) were assessed for DED symptoms using Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) and signs using conjunctival staining, corneal staining, tear break-up time (TBUT), Schirmer’s testing, meibomian gland dysfunction, and tear osmolarity. Quality of life was evaluated using the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), consisting of Physical Component Summary (PCS) and Mental Component Summary (MCS). Spearman correlation coefficients (rho) were used to evaluate correlations between the severity of DED and SF-36.
Results: At baseline, Worse DED symptoms indicated by higher OSDI total score were correlated with worse PCS (rho=-0.13, P=0.002) and MCS (rho=-0.09, P=0.03) of SF-36. The worse vision-related function was correlated with a worse PCS score (rho=-0.18, P<0.0001), and worse ocular symptoms were correlated with a worse MCS score (rho=-0.15, P<0.001). More severe DED signs including corneal staining (rho=-0.22, P<0.001), Schirmer test (rho=0.11, P=0.01), TBUT (rho=0.14, P<0.001), and tear osmolarity (rho=-0.12, P=0.02) were correlated with worse PCS score but were not correlated with MCS score (P≥0.39). ln longitudinal analysis, only worsening of ocular symptoms was significantly correlated with worsening of MCS score (rho=-0.09, P=0.04).
Conclusion: In patients with moderate-to-severe DED, there were significant yet weak correlations between dry eye severity of symptoms/signs and physical or mental components of SF-36. Healthcare professionals should offer DED symptom relief and support for the emotional and practical challenges in their daily lives.
Numerical Modeling of Pile Response in Soft Clay under Multidirectional and Cyclic Loading for Floating Wind Turbines
Authors: Soriano Cristian , Thorel Luc , Blanc Matthieu , Jostad Hans Peter
Published: August 2024

Floating wind turbines offer a competitive advantage for harvesting renewable energy, particularly in locations with abundant wind resources. Among the critical components of these systems anchoring and mooring systems are required to secure the wind turbines in place. Pile anchors belong to the anchoring solutions currently available for floating wind turbines. Consequently, this study focuses on the behavior of pile anchors installed in soft clay subjected to cyclic loading, including multidirectional forces. To investigate this, a numerical model was developed using OpenSees and calibrated based on existing centrifuge test data. The results demonstrate that combined average and cyclic loads induce the most significant accumulation of permanent pile displacements when compared with two-way cyclic loading. Conversely, load reversals can contribute to a reduction of these displacements. Notably, the study highlights the effectiveness of multidirectional loading in promoting a more balanced distribution of forces on the pile head. This potentially leads to a more uniform utilization of the pile's overall strength capacity, a desirable feature for resisting the complex loading scenarios experienced by floating offshore wind turbines.
Selection of optimum nutrient media for clonal micropropagation of the physalis alkekengi plant and creation of a virus-free plant
Authors: Abrarovna Kadirova Zukhra , Sabirovna Tashmukhamedova Shokhista , Jabborova Dilfuza , Madan Ayush , Shanmugam Saraswathi Tenpattinam , Bukke Sarad Pawar Naik
Published: August 2024

Background
Physalis alkekengi is a medicinal plant rich in vitamins, flavonoids, and various bioactive substances. Its productivity is compromised by natural infection with the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), which disrupts physiological processes. This study aimed to establish virus-free plantations of Physalis alkekengi using microcloning techniques.
Methods
Plant explants were cultured on a multicomponent Murashige-Skoog nutrient medium, supplemented with biologically active substances and growth regulators. Specific cultivation conditions, including optimal temperature, pH, humidity, and lighting, were maintained. The effects of nystatin and different concentrations of auxins (6 µM NAA-1-naphthylacetic acid and IBA-indole-3-butyric acid) on plant growth were evaluated. A PCR method with custom primers was developed to detect Ph-TMV at the molecular level. Virus-free plant cuttings were grown in soil under optimized conditions.
Results
The addition of nystatin to the nutrient medium enhanced the growth and development of Physalis alkekengi explants, though higher concentrations of nystatin had a suppressive effect. Optimal root growth and development were observed at an auxin concentration of 6 µM (NAA and IBA). The PCR method effectively detected the presence of TMV, facilitating the identification and elimination of infected plants. Under optimized conditions, virus-free Physalis alkekengi plants were successfully cultivated in soil.
Discussion
This study demonstrated that microcloning, along with precise control of nutrient medium components and environmental conditions, can effectively produce virus-free Physalis alkekengi plants. The beneficial effects of nystatin and auxins in specific concentrations were crucial for optimal plant growth. The PCR detection method proved reliable for identifying TMV-infected plants at the molecular level.
Conclusion
Microcloning, in combination with optimized nutrient media and growth conditions, is an effective strategy for cultivating virus-free Physalis alkekengi plants. This approach has the potential to enhance the productivity and medicinal value of this important plant species.
Proteasome-associated function of UCH37 is evolutionarily conserved in Plasmodium parasites
Authors: Hajisadeghian Mohsen , Geiger Annie M , Smith Cameron , Artavanis-Tsakonas Katerina
Published: August 2024

UCH37/UCHL5 is a conserved ubiquitin hydrolase with dual roles in proteasomal degradation and chromatin remodeling in humans. Its Plasmodium falciparum ortholog, PfUCH37, is essential for parasite viability and possesses both DUB and deneddylating activities. While PfUCH37 is enriched in proteasome preparations, its direct interaction and broader functions in Plasmodium remain unclear, particularly given the absence of INO80 homologs. This study utilizes transgenic parasites and proteomics to identify PfUCH37-associating proteins. We confirm a direct interaction with the proteasome and demonstrate that the interaction mechanism is evolutionarily conserved. Notably, we discover a divergence in localization compared to the human enzyme and identify novel interacting partners, suggesting alternative functions for PfUCH37 in Plasmodium. These findings provide insights into the unique biology of this essential enzyme in malaria parasites, potentially opening avenues for targeted therapeutic interventions.
Nonlinear dynamic behavior and bifurcation evolution of the misalignment-rub-impact combined rotor system
Authors: Zhang Ling-yun , Liu Zhong , Han Xing-guo , Xiong Zhong-gang , Xie Xiong-hui , Wang Shi-jun
Published: August 2024

The misalignment of the coupling device is one of the most common typical faults in rotating machinery. It is noted that the misalignment of the coupling is the origin of the nonlinear vibration of the rotor system,which is further exacerbated by the combined effects of misalignment and rub-impact. This paper aims to reveal the nonlinear dynamic behavior of the misalignment-rub-impact combined rotor(MRCR) system. The equilibrium equation of MRCR system is derived by Newton’s second law, and the 4th-order Runge-Kutta method is used to solve the nonlinear equation. Moreover, the vibration mode and distribution region of the system presented in the (u,v)-two-parameter plane are obtained, which directly reflects the correlation between the vibration response of the system and the continuous change of important parameters. Furthermore, the maximum rub-impact force and duty cycle 3D cloud maps are employed to characterize the system impact’s intensity and duration ratio. The response characteristics of the system and the evolution process of the bifurcation are analyzed in detail by using two kinds of one-parameter bifurcation diagram, axis orbits, time-domain waveform, FFT spectrum diagram, Poincaré maps section and flow chart. The results indicate that the MRCR system presents complex nonlinear characteristics.In space,the rotor and stator can be in three positions: no contact, intermittent contact and full contact.The grazing bifurcation cause the number of rotor and staor impacts to increase.The misalignment fault has small effect on the dynamic behavior of the rotor system at low rotation speed. The magnitude of the misalignment change the frequency component of the system at medium and high ration speeds, significantly influencing the nonlinear dynamic behavior of the rotor system. This research will be beneficial to the fault diagnosis and design of the system in engineering.
Modular Multi-Rotors: From Quadrotors to Fully-Actuated Aerial Vehicles
Authors: Xu Jiawei , D’Antonio Diego S. , Saldaña David
Published: August 2024

Traditional aerial vehicles are constrained to perform specific tasks due to their adhoc designs. Based on modularity, we propose a versatile robot, H-ModQuad, that can adapt to different tasks by increasing its load capacity and actuated degrees of freedom. It is composed of cuboid modules propelled by quadrotors with tilted rotors. We present two families of module designs that bring different actuation characteristics to the system. By configuring multiple modules, H-ModQuad can increase its payload capacity and change its actuated degrees of freedom from 4 to 5 and 6. Using the concept of actua-tion ellipsoids, we find the body frame of an H-ModQuad that maximizes the thrust for hovering. By modeling the actuation capability of the vehicles using wrench polytopes, we examine them against formally defined task requirements. We present the dynamics of the vehicles and integrate control strategies despite vehicle design. The design and model are validated with experiments using actual robots, showing that H-ModQuad vehicles with different configurations provide different actuation properties.
Peach Remnants Management, Phosphorus Application, and Beneficial Microbes are Accountable for Nutrients stress of Nitrogen in Maize Tissues
Authors: . Imran
Published: August 2024

Purpose
The growth, productivity, and seed setting of maize crops are hindered by the nitrogen deficiency, while the peach leftovers increase the availability, concentration, uptake, and efficiency of nitrogen usage in plant tissues.
Methods
Three P levels (50, 75, and 100 kg ha− 1), three peach organic sources (biochar, compost and dry-based residues) and two beneficial microorganisms (PSB and Trichoderma) were treated to determine its impact on N concentration in grain, leaf, stem, stover, and N uptake and N usage efficiency (NUE), Agronomic efficiency (AE), and partial factor productivity of N (PFPN).
Results
Planned mean comparison showed that highest N concentration in tissues enhanced in treated plots as compared to control plots. Among the organic sources peach biochar produced highest grain N content (2.7g kg− 1), leaf N content (1.8g kg− 1), stem N content (2.5g kg− 1), stover N contents (4.3g kg− 1), GNU (12.6kg ha− 1), SNU (33.7kg ha− 1), TNU (46.2kg ha− 1), NUE (28.4%). Soil application of Trichoderma produced higher N content in tissues as compared to PSB. P fertilization is the utmost need of the crop plant and noted that highest grain Ncontent (2.7 g kg− 1), leaf N content (1.7 g kg− 1), stalk N content (2.5 g kg− 1), stover N contents (4.2 g kg− 1), GNU (13.6 kg ha− 1), SNU and TNU by maize (47.0 kg ha− 1) were recorded with 100 kg P ha− 1 application.
Conclusion
Biochar combined with PSB raised the N content in the tissues of the leaves and stems, while biochar combined with trichoderma improved the N content of grains, SNU, and TNU. GNU, SNU, and TNU improved with biochar and 100 kg P ha− 1. Although the addition of 75kg P ha− 1 to either compost or biochar increased NUE, the combination of biochar and 75kg P ha− 1 increased AE and PFPN. The application of Trichoderma treated with 100 kg P ha− 1 to the soil enhanced GNU, SNU, and TNU, according to the interaction between BM x PL.
The current situation and influencing factors of anxiety and depression among parents of children with autism - internal and external factors, which has a more significant impact?
Authors: Han Ting , Zhang Cheng Mian , Liu Xiao Lin , Jin Yan , Song Chao , Wang Ze Peng
Published: August 2024

Objective: This study is aimed at examining the prevalence of anxiety and depression among parents of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and identifying potential influencing factors.
Method: A total of 411 children diagnosed with ASD and their parents were enrolled from the Department of Developmental Behavior at the Affiliated Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine between January and July 2022. Data on the mental health (specifically depression and anxiety) of these parents and the severity of ASD symptoms in their children were collected. Multiple linear regression was utilized to analyze the relationships between the mental health of the parents and factors such as psychological resilience (internal), demographic data, and the severity of ASD symptoms (external).
Results: Psychological resilience was identified as the most significant predictor of both depression and anxiety among the parents, surpassing the impacts of demographic variables or the severity of the children's symptoms (p<0.001). Furthermore, gender differences were found to significantly influence anxiety levels (p<0.05), while marital status was shown to have a noticeable impact on depression (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Attention to the mental well-being of parents with ASD children and enhancement of their psychological resilience are suggested to significantly improve the family's quality of life. This support is also indicated to facilitate better societal integration for children with autism.
Numerical analysis of Marriage-Divorce model using new modified Hermite wavelet collocation technique
Authors: R Yeshwanth , S Kumbinarasaiah
Published: August 2024

In the present work, we examine a mathematical model of fractional order that characterizes the ongoing process of marriage and divorce, which significantly impacts individuals’ lives. The model has four state variables delineating the current status of married, divorced, or disturbed couples and the interplay among these states. The system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations of integer and fractional order is numerically solved using the Hermite wavelet collocation method (HWCM). The marriage-divorce model is converted into an algebraic equation system using the fractional derivative operational matrices and the collocation method. Solving these algebraic equations with the Newton-Raphson method involves substituting the approximate values of the generated unknown coefficients. A numerical comparison is made between the current approach ND solver, RK method, and Haar wavelet method (HWM). In addition, we run simulations with different fractional orders and parameter values to show the technique’s efficacy in diverse settings. The outcomes validate the technique’s capability to yield precise results in many settings. Graphs and tables demonstrate the effectiveness and consistency of the developed strategy’s performance. Compared to existing approaches in the literature, the developed Hermite wavelet collocation method is robust and accurate. A mathematical program called Mathematica is used to do numerical calculations. Also, discussed the many parameter how they influence the model and effects on the society.
2020 MSC: 65L05, 65T60, 34A08, 34B16, 34A12, 65L10
Research on Intelligent Street Light Control System for Anti fog on Freeway Based on Wireless Network
Authors: Chen Xin
Published: August 2024

In extremely harsh weather conditions such as heavy fog, traffic accidents may occur on highways and they are often closed and suspended. The root cause is that drivers have limited visibility and are unable to see the vehicles ahead clearly during foggy weather. This article combines fog detection technology, ZigBee technology, and LED drive control technology to propose a design scheme for an intelligent road light control system for highway anti fog based on wireless network. The system mainly uses CC2530 as the core device to collect real-time environmental data such as PM2.5 and PM10 particle concentration, temperature, and humidity on site. Based on these data, the visibility value is calculated, and then the LED street light switch is automatically controlled and adjusted according to the visibility value to achieve intelligent lighting. The experiment shows that the system is flexible to operate, inexpensive, and can meet the needs of intelligent lighting on highways, with prospects for promotion.
Cropland functional diversity increases ecosystem services supply in watersheds of the Rio de la Plata Grasslands
Authors: Sans Gonzalo Camba , Baldassini Pablo , Gallego Federico , Paruelo José María
Published: August 2024

Context
Implementing heterogeneous rural landscapes with high agricultural diversity and a substantial proportion of natural habitats has been proposed to ensure food production while reducing negative impacts on ecosystem services. However, evidence of an increased supply of ecosystem services (ES) in more heterogeneous landscapes remains limited, with no consensus.
Objectives
To evaluate the effect of the spatial cropland system’s diversity and landscape configuration on the supply of key ES in agricultural landscapes of the Rio de la Plata Grasslands region.
Methods
We analyzed the relationship between the supply of ES and the heterogeneity of 1121 micro-watersheds. We assessed the Ecosystem Service Supply Index (ESSI), the Hydrological Yield (HY), and the Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (APAR) in agricultural areas. We calculated the average grassland patch area, the structural and functional cropland diversity, the cropland percentage, and the grassland’s juxtaposition to assess landscape heterogeneity.
Results
Cropland functional diversity increased the supply of ES at the micro-watershed level. It positively affected the ESSI and APAR, and reduced the HY. In contrast, the juxtaposition of grasslands had opposite effects to those of cropland functional diversity, so the spatial segregation of grasslands favored the ES supply.
Conclusions
The functional cropland diversification and the segregation of natural grasslands improved the supply of ES and counteracted the negative effects of agricultural expansion. These findings contribute to designing multifunctional landscapes and suggest that cropland functional diversity and grassland configuration should be considered in food production systems aimed to preserve ES supply.
Toxicity and enzymatic activity changes in rice weevil (Sitophilus oryzae) induced by basil (Ocimum basilicum) and cumin (Cuminum cyminum) essential oils
Authors: Omar Ahmed Fayez , Khalil Fatma Mohamed Ameen , Alomran Maryam , Ismail Tamer , El‐Tokhy Ahmed , Abdelaal Khaled , Gharsan Fatehia , Almozini Reem Nasser , Abouelatta Ahmed
Published: August 2024

Background
The rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae is a common and severe pest of stored products that cause great losses of seeds. Application of essential oils from many plants is very important approach for pest control.
Results
In this study, the toxicity of two natural essential oils, cumin (Cuminum cyminum) and basil (Ocimum basilicum), was evaluated after three different exposure times at different doses. Gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry (GC-MS) showed that the major constituents of C. cyminum essential oil were procanal (26.07%) and ˠ- terpinene (15.78%), whereas linalool (56.7%), cadinol, epi-α (11.4%) were the major compounds in O. basilicum. Toxicity results showed that cumin essential oil was most effective with LC50 of 11.04, 8.51 and 6.61 mg/ml compared to 21.91, 15.59 and 9.94 mg/ml for basil essential oil after 24, 48 and 72 h of exposure. Additionally, the total protein content and enzymatic activity of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), α-amylase, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were measured. The results showed that the LC50 values of both tested essential oils had no significant effect on all tested enzymes, except for ALP and GOT.
Conclusions
cumin essential oil was most effective with LC50 of 11.04, 8.51 and 6.61 mg/ml so, it can be used to control rice weevil (Sitophilus oryzae).
Effect of Deep Infiltrative Endometriosis Surgery and Surgical Method on Sexual Function in Females
Authors: Atlıhan Ufuk , Yavuz Onur , Ata Can , Avsar Huseyin Aytug , Bildaci Tevfik Berk , Erkılınc Selcuk
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Sexual function and quality of life are significantly reduced in Endometriosis, particularly deep infiltrative endometriosis (DIE) patients. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of endometriosis excision and excision techniques on sexual function among individuals with DIE to those of healthy females in an objective manner. Materials and Methods Our study included 140 individuals who were diagnosed as having DIE and reported dyspareunia in our clinic between January 2018 and 2024, and 70 patients who presented to our family planning clinic. The preoperative and at 6th -month post-surgery scores of the Female Sexual Function Index, Quality of Sexual Experience Scale, and visual analog scale (VAS) values of all patients who described preoperative dyspareunia were examined retrospectively from the patient files. Results In our study, the FSFI score of healthy group was seen to be significantly greater than the pre-surgery and post-surgery groups (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001,irespectively). The QSES scores of the healthy group was found to be significantly higher than the pre-surgery and post surgery groups (p < .001and p < 0.001, respectively). The VAS dyspareunia values of the healthy group were discovered to be significantly lower than the pre-surgery and post surgery groups (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001.irespectively). The FSFI and QSES scores of the post-surgery group were seen to be significantly higher than the pre-surgery group (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). The VAS dyspareunia score of the post-surgery group was seen to be significantly lower than that of the pre-surgery group (p < 0.001). The FSFI and QSES scores of patients who underwent laparotomy was discovered to be significantly greater than that of individuals who underwent laparoscopic surgery (p < 0.001 and p = 0.01,irespectively). Conclusion The surgical approach may have a positive effect both on organ dysfunction and sexual function in females affected by DIE, and therefore it is important to incorporate issues regarding females’ sexual health into standard gynecological treatment.
Study on the Differences in Intrahepatic Lipid Protons in Animal Models of Alcoholic (NIAAA), Non-Obese Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver (MCD), and Hepatotoxic( CCl4) Fatty Liver
Authors: Yu Seung-Man
Published: August 2024

The study aimed to compare lipid proton concentrations across the 3 fatty liver models, highlighting induction methods and differences in hepatic protonation identified through Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) analysis to gain insights into fatty liver pathogenesis and potential therapeutic approaches. This research sought to induce various conditions of fatty liver and examine disparities in hepatic protonation patterns through meticulous MRS analysis. The models for fatty liver in mice were established using distinct methods including ethanol feeding, MCD diet, and CCl4 injection. MRS was utilized for lipid proton analysis, with data processed using LCModel software. Statistical analyses encompassed profile comparisons via OPLS-DA, consistency evaluations using Kendal correlation, assessments of concentration differences via Mann-Whitney U test, and an exploration of lipid accumulation influences through Spearman's correlation analysis. All three fatty liver models displayed hepatic fat infiltration rates exceeding 40%, with the MCD model showing the highest rate at 52.46%. Analyzing the lipid protons, a higher concentration of methylene protons was observed in the NIAAA model compared to the other groups. Additionally, there were notable distinctions in the composition values of specific lipid protons across the models, highlighting varying trends in fatty acid deposition. The correlation and composition analysis provided insights into the different patterns of lipid accumulation in each model, with significant correlations identified among various lipid protons. Furthermore, differences in the composition values of specific lipid protons indicated distinct characteristics of fatty acid profiles in the different fatty liver models. There is no significant differences were found between the NIAAA and CCl4 models, but the MCD model exhibited higher deposition of polyunsaturated bonds, specifically diallylic protons, compared to other groups.
EEG-Based Motor Imagery Classification via Multi-scale Convolutional Network and Improved Capsule Network
Authors: Wang Biao , Wang Lei , Xu Wenchang , Ren Hanbin , Cheng Wenbo
Published: August 2024

Electroencephalogram (EEG) based motor imagery classification is a crucial component of brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). Traditionally, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been extensively employed for this task. However, due to local feature learning mechanism, CNNs have difficulty in capturing the global contextual information from EEG signal, which limit the performance of brain signal decoding. In this study, in order to overcome the shortcomings of CNNs, we introduce an improved capsule network to effectively learn various properties within EEG features and characterize intrinsic relationships between EEG features, achieving more robust performance. A novel end-to-end model is proposed in this paper which integrates muti-scale convolutional network and improved capsule network with self-attention routing mechanism, namely MSC-CapsNet. In the proposed model, a multi-scale convolutional network is employed to fully learn spatial and temporal information from EEG signals and encode them into discriminative features, then a improved capsule network with self-attention routing mechanism is applied to convert EEG features into entities corresponding to motor imagery classes and output classification results. The proposed model achieves the state-of-the-art performance on public Competition \uppercase\expandafter{\romannumeral4}-2a dataset without using any data augmentation operations, with average accuracy of 86.1\%. This study demonstrates the great potential of capsule network in EEG decoding and is expected to become a general architecture to improve robustness and generalization capabilities.
Accelerated Federated Learning Using Self-Adapting Bat Algorithm
Authors: Wang Jie , Sun Chaochao , Peng Yuan
Published: August 2024

Federated learning (FL) is an advanced distributed machine learning (ML) framework designed to address issues related to data silos and data privacy. A significant challenge in FL is the non-independent and identically distributed (Non-IID) nature of client data, resulting in issues of slow convergence rate and low prediction accuracy for the model. To tackle these issues, we propose a FL scheme based on the bat algorithm (FedBat), leveraging the echolocation mechanism of bats to effectively balance global and local search capabilities and optimizing model weight updates through dynamic adjustments of the search strategy. FedBat also allows for adaptive parameter adjustments across various datasets. To mitigate the client drift issue, we extend FedBat by using Jensen-Shannon(JS) divergence to quantify the difference between local and global models. Clients decide whether to upload their local models based on this difference, aiming to enhance the global model's generalization capability and minimize communication overhead. Experimental results demonstrate that FedBat converges 5 times faster and enhances test accuracy by more than 40% compared to FedAvg. The extended FedBat effectively mitigates the decrease in the generalization performance of the global model and reduces communication costs by around 20%. Comparing FedPSO, FedGwo, and FedProx shows that FedBat demonstrates superior performance in terms of convergence rate and test accuracy. We derive the formula for the expected convergence rate of FedBat, analyze the impact of various parameters on FL performance, and establish the upper bound of FedBat to evaluate its model divergence.
SRFusion An infrared and visible images fusion methodbased on structural reparameterization
Authors: Hu ronglin , jiang wenzhen
Published: August 2024

Fusion of infrared and visible images amalgamates their respective advantages while circumventingtheir drawbacks, thereby retaining the intricate details present in the visible spectrum and augment-ing the thermal radiation information inherent in the infrared domain. However, few studies havefocused on the balance between algorithm speed and fused image quality in complex lighting condi-tions, which is critical for downstream tasks. To this end, we propose An infrared and visible imagesfusion method based on structural reparameterization, named SRFusion. The method innovativelyintegrates a Structural Reparameterization Module (SRM), adeptly extracting and processing featuresfrom the input images with exceptional efficiency. The methodology bifurcates the extracted featuresinto distinct components, which are then recombined through a sequence of convolutional operationsto produce a fused image. Notably, the SRM operates with a multi-branch architecture during thetraining phase, optimizing performance, and transitions to a streamlined, branch-free topology forinference, enhancing computational efficiency. A comparative analysis with the most advanced fusionmethods has demonstrated that SRFusion not only achieves the SOTA performance on most metricsof fusion image, but also delivers a more intricate level of detail and a better visual perception for human.
Computational Insights to Look for the Feasibility of Intramolecular Proton Transfer Reaction in some Imine-Functionalized Derivatives: A Comparative Ab-initio Analysis
Authors: Bose Debosreeta
Published: August 2024

The present investigation reports the feasibility of occurrence of intramolecular proton transfer (IPT) reactions in four functional compounds, ortho vanillin and Schiff bases namely, salicylaldazine, 2-((E)-(ethylimino) methyl)-6 methoxy phenol (2EM6MP) and Bis 2-((E)-(ethylimino) methyl)-6 methoxy phenol (B2EM6MP) in their different electronic states. Density functional theory (DFT) and time dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations are performed on the ground (S0) and two lowest excited states (S1 and T1) and S2 state respectively to inquire the feasibility of the IPT reactions in these molecules. The calculations reveal that although none of the compounds are susceptible to the IPT process in the ground state; excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) is feasible for all of them. The viability or non-viability of the proton transfer process has been judged from both the thermodynamic (enthalpy change, ΔH) and kinetic (activation energy, Eact) factors. Potential energy curves (PECs) and Frontier Molecular Orbital (FMO) diagrams have been generated to depict the propositions in the different electronic states. Feasibility of the double proton transfer (DPT) reaction in B2EM6MP and salicylaldazine is also inquired since both have the structural propensity to undergo DPT. Calculations project the viability of the ESDPT for B2EM6MP contrary to the non-occurrence of the same for the other molecular system, salicylaldazine. The differential proposition is rationalized since for ESDPT reaction the two proton transfer sites are in isolation through saturated carbon centres for B2EM6MP while they are directly connected in salicylaldazine.
Demersal–pelagic relationships of aquatic animals in the East Siberian Sea based on (δ 15 N) and (δ 13 C) ratios and fish diets
Authors: Gorbatenko K. M. , Radchenko Vladimir
Published: August 2024

Stable nitrogen (δ15N) and carbon (δ13C) isotope ratios of zooplankton and zoobenthos were analyzed to compare the trophic characteristics of pelagic and demersal communities in the East Siberian Sea (ESS). The carbon isotope ratios of planktonic animals differed from those of benthic invertebrates; their δ13C ratios varied from -23.2 to -20.8 ‰, while those ratios varied from -21.8 to -17.0 ‰ in the zoobenthos. The relative boundary separating the pelagic and benthic communities corresponded to an average δ13C value of -20.5 ‰. The δ15N ratios of the studied species in the pelagic and benthic communities varied from 9.5 ‰ in comb yoldia Yoldia myalis to 18.7 ‰ in the sea star Urasterias lincki. There were significant differences in the δ15N ratios at the three trophic levels from filter feeders to predators. Trophic linkages in the ESS manifest a high degree of interdependence between the bottom and pelagic communities since both pelagic and bottom fish consume both benthic-derived and pelagic-derived food to some extent. The carbon isotope ratio of the snow crab Chionoecetes opilio in the northeastern ESS, δ13C = -17.0 ‰, is close to that of the opilio crab in the northern Chukchi Sea (δ13C = -17.3 ‰), which indicates that this species expanded westward from the Chukchi Sea.
Understanding the Electrical and Thermal Performance of Synthetic Ester fluid Impregnated Aged Pressboard Adopting Optical and Thermography Studies
Authors: - Mridula , J Manoj Dhivakar , Danikas Michael G , Sarathi Ramanujam
Published: August 2024

The present study explores the criticality of pressboard insulation in transformer applications through a detailed examination of its microscopic properties pre- and post-thermal aging to optimize performance. Experimental findings reveal significant changes in the electrical performance of the thermally aged pressboard under different voltage profiles, as evidenced by the Surface Discharge Inception Voltage (SDIV) test. SDIV studies were carried out using UHF and fluorescent fiber techniques. A fluorescent fiber-based sensor demonstrates high efficacy in detecting partial discharges with excellent signal-to-noise ratios and is resourceful in detecting discharge activity under transient voltages. Surface potential studies reveal that thermal aging induces alterations in electron trap formation by affecting the charge behavior under positive and negative DC voltages, particularly at higher temperatures. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) identifies distinct morphological changes in the pressboard due to chemical bond fractures within its fiber structure, due to aging. Additionally, Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES) and Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) provide elemental emission spectra during discharge events, elucidating thermal and chemical characteristics due to thermal aging. Laser-induced thermography studies through a derivative-based approach enable one to identify local hotspot zones and correlate the level of aging