bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF OSMOPRIMING AND HYDROPRIMING ON SEEDLING TRAITS OF SOYBEAN
Authors: Ur Rahman Shifa
Published: September 2022

Soybean (Glycine max L.) is a legume crop used as a source of edible oil and protein around the world. It contains 30-45% protein and 15-24% oil and contains high percentage of unsaturated fatty acids and no cholesterol. Fifteen soybean genotypes collected from national and international sources were sown in petri dishes under lab conditions following completely randomized design in two factors factorial arrangement with three replications and four seed priming treatments. Seeds were treated with water, CaCl2 (100mM), KNO3 (100mM) and H2O2 (100mM). Statistical analysis revealed that differences among genotypes for germination percentage, emergence index, emergence rate index, radicle length and plumule length were significant. Treatments and interaction of genotypes with treatments were significant for radicle and plumule lengths and non-significant for germination percentage, emergence index and emergence rate index. Mean performance of genotypes 292 and 283 was better for most of the traits under study. Germination percentage, emergence rate index and emergence increased by application of H2O2 whereas radicle and plumule lengths decreased as compared to control.
Role of Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension in the Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease A Systematic Review
Authors: N. Unnikrishnan Sumedha , Y. Chavarria Yeny , O.  Akindele Adebisi , Paula C. Jalkh Ana , K. Eastmond Aziza , Shetty Chaitra , Ali Rizvi Syed Muhammad Hannan , Sharaf Joudi , D.  Williams Kerry-Ann , Tariq Maha , V. Acharekar Maitri , Elena Guerrero Saldivia Sara , Venugopal Sathish
Published: September 2022

Chronic kidney disease(CKD) is defined as an EGFR(Estimated glomerular filtration rate) < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 or an EGFR ≥60 ml/min/1.73 m2 together with albuminuria (≥30 mg/g).It causes significant mortality and morbidity. It is a silent killer. The prevalence of CKD has been increasing worldwide. There are many established risk factors for chronic kidney disease, the two most important ones being hypertension and diabetes mellitus(DM). In this systematic review, we aim to know the roles of hypertension (HTN) and diabetes in the progression of chronic kidney disease. We did a detailed search on PubMed and found 1216 articles screened, and finally, 20 articles were chosen for study. As we analyzed, we observed that most studies showed that diabetes and hypertension have a positive association with the progression of CKD, even though the exact mechanism or link has not been explained in the studies we reviewed.
THE INFLUENCE OF FACTORS ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE GAS-GENERATING PYROTECHNIC MIXTURE BASED ON SODIUM AZIDE AND POTASSIUM NITRATE
Authors:   Le Quy Don Technical University, Nguyen Van Tinh
Published: September 2022

This paper presents the influence of composition contents on several energetic characteristics (combustion heat, gaseous volume) of the gas-generating pyrotechnic mixture containing sodium azide, potassium nitrate. Moreover, the effect of particle size of potassium nitrate and pressed density of the pyrotechnic mixture on the combustion rate is also investigated. Based on the received experimental and theoretical results, the optimal sodium azide/potassium nitrate ratio of 76/24 with 0.04 ÷ 0.06 mm of particle size of potassium nitrate at the pressed density of 1.7 g/cm3 is determined. The pyrotechnic mixture can be used for automobile airbags and other applications.
Investment, power and protein in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Brice Jeremy
Published: September 2022

The place of protein in sub-Saharan Africa’s food system is changing rapidly, raising complex international development, global health and environmental sustainability issues. Despite substantial growth in the region’s livestock agriculture sector, protein consumption per capita remains low, and high levels of undernourishment persist. Meanwhile sub-Saharan Africa’s population is growing and urbanising rapidly, creating expectations that demand for protein will increase rapidly over the coming decades and triggering calls for further investment in the expansion and intensification of the region’s meat and dairy sector. However, growing disquiet over the environmental impacts of further expansion in livestock numbers, and growing sales of alternative protein products in the Global North, has raised questions about the future place of plant-based, insect and lab-grown proteins in African diets and food systems. This report examines financial investment in protein production in sub-Saharan Africa. It begins from the position that investors play an important role in shaping the development of diets and food systems because they are able to mobilise the financial resources required to develop new protein products, infrastructures and value chains, or to prevent their development by withholding investment. It therefore investigates which actors are financing the production in sub-Saharan Africa of: a) animal proteins such as meat, fish, eggs and dairy products; b) ‘protein crops’ such as beans, pulses and legumes; and c) processed ‘alternative proteins’ derived from plants, insects, microbes or animal cells grown in a tissue culture. Through analysing investment by state, philanthropic and private sector organisations – as well as multilateral financial institutions such as development banks – it aims to establish which protein sources and stages of the value chain are financed by different groups of investors and to explore the values and goals which shape their investment decisions. To this end, the report examines four questions: 1. Who is currently investing in protein production in sub-Saharan Africa? 2. What goals do these investors aim to achieve (or what sort of future do they seek to bring about) through making these investments? 3. Which protein sources and protein production systems do they finance? 4. What theory of change links their investment strategy to these goals? In addressing these questions, this report explores what sorts of protein production and provisioning systems different investor groups might be helping to bring into being in sub-Saharan Africa. It also considers what alternative possibilities might be marginalised due to a lack of investment. It thus seeks to understand whose priorities, preferences and visions for the future of food might be informing the changing place of protein in the region’s diets, economies and food systems.
Pembekalan Softskill Sukses Memasuki Dunia Kerja Bagi Siswa SMKN 01 Katapang Bandung
Authors: Suwartika Rini , Tisnawati Rini , Adji Widwi Handari , Amalia Nina
Published: September 2022

Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK) dirancang untuk mencetak dan menghasilkan lulusan yang siap kerja, akan tetapi pada kenyataannya masih ada ketidakseimbangan materi yang didapatkan di sekolah dengan apa yang diinginkan serta dibutuhkan dalam dunia kerja. Kurangnya keterampilan dan sikap berpikir kritis siswa merupakan salah satu penghambat , pada kenyataannya dalam dunia kerja selain membutuhkan hardskill (pemahaman mengenai teori) tentu saja sangat membutuhkan softskill (jiwa mandiri, kreatif juga serta inovatif). Tujuan dari kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah untuk memberikan pembekalan softskill sukses menghadapi dunia kerja dengan metode ceramah (Preaching Method) dengan tiga narasumber yang berbeda. Hasil kegiatan menunjukan adanya pengetahuan softskill berupa motivasi, etika profesi, komunikasi efektif dan kiat menghadapi wawancara kerja sehingga diharapkan adanya rasa percaya diri dalam menghadapi tantangan di dunia kerja.
Pendampingan Menumbuhkan Minat Usaha Terhadap Generasi Muda Anggota Paskriba Angkatan 2019 Kota Bandung Jawa Barat
Authors: Sudrartono Tiris , Listianti Yulia , Martowinangun Kasino , Yusuf Juhaeni Dadang
Published: September 2022

Masih rendahnya minat usaha dari generasi muda kota Bandung yang diantaranya diketahui dari masih banyaknya kegiatan usaha yang dikelola oleh Gen X ( Generasi yang lahir pada tahun 1965-1980) belum menyasar kepada Gen Z ( Generasi yang lahir pada 1997 – 2012) untuk itu dilakukan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat dengan menitik beratkan pada pendampingan dan pembinaan wirausaha dengan tujuan menumbuhkan minat berwirausaha sebagai langkah awal memulai sebuah usaha bagi genarsi muda utamanya adalah para pelajar yang lahir antara tahun 1997 sampai dengan tahun 2012, Metode pelaksanaan pengabdian masyarakat ini dengan cara malakukan seminar kewirausahan dan simulasi kegiatan usaha yang dilakukan oleh para pelajar dengan pendampingan serta menampilkan kegiatan usaha yang telah dilaksanakan sebagai contoh nyata dengan kegiatan ini dampak yang terjadi dan berguna bagi para pelajar sebagai genarsi muda Gen Z adalah tumbuhnya minat usaha baru dengan mengembangkan ide-ide dan inovasi baru untuk dikembangkan sehingga pada akhirnya genarasi muda memperoleh pengetahuan dan manfaat melalui kegiatan menumbuhkan minat usaha yaitu : kewirausahaan berisi bidang pengetahuan yang utuh dan nyata berupa teori dan konsep serta motede ilmiah yang lengkap, konesp permulaan usaha dan perkembangan usaha, kemampuan menciptakan yang baru dan berbeda yang pada akhirnya dengan berwirausaha merupakan alat untuk pemerataan usaha dan pendapatan atau kesejahteraan masyarakat secara luas.
Peningkatan Penggunaan Komunikasi Pemasaran yang efektif bagi Usaha Kecil (Triple 3 Music Bandung)
Authors: Handayani Trustorini
Published: September 2022

Triple 3 Music adalah bisnis mikro yang dimiliki oleh generasi milenial yang kegiatannya melakukan penjualan Alat-alat musik dan pad cast serta peralatan-peralatan yang mendukung kegiatan masyarakat yang dilakukan secara Daring. Dengan kondisi pandemic,  untuk  memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat akan barang-barang yang berkaitan dengan kegiatan Daring, diperlukan penjualan secara online. Untuk memenuhi  peluang yang ada tentu diperlukan komunikasi pemasaran yang efektif secara online  dalam memperkenalkan produk yang di jual ke pada masyarakat pengguna atau konsumen. Tujuan Pengabdian, untuk mengkaji Komunikasi pemasaran secara online yang sudah dilakukan oleh Mitra saat ini dan bagaimana dapat menggunakan e-commerce secara efektif.Metode pelaksanaan pengabdian dengan studi Pustaka, menentukan lokasi, waktu, sosialisasi, diskusi, pelatihan dan Partisipasi Mitra, penyusunan laporan dan publikasi. Hasil pengabdian ini diharapkan Mitra dapat melakukan Teknik penjualan, menerima keluhan konsumen secara online, sehingga dapat meningkatkan penjualan dan laba.
Pelatihan Metode Penelitian dan Penulisan Karya Tulis Ilmiah dalam Menyelesaikan Skripsi, Tesis, dan Jurnal Ilmiah untuk Mahasiswa dan Dosen
Authors: Djaelani Syafril , Syaifullah Syaifullah , Ardiyan E.Ella , Rahmawati Meida
Published: September 2022

Menulis suatu karya ilmiah bukanlah hal yang mudah bagisebagian orang.  Banyak mahasiswa yang gagal menuntaskan kuliahnya karena tidak mampu menulis karya tulis ilmiah sebagai tugas akhir untuk mendapatkan gelar sarjana.  Kesulitan dalam menulis suatu karya ilmiah dapat diatasi jika mau belajar secara aktif kepada orang-orang yang mempunyai kemampuan dalam menulis karya ilmiah seperti buku, artike dan jurnal ilmia. Tugas Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat ini dilakukan dalam memenuhi kewajiban Tri Dharma Perguruan Tinggi dengan memberikan Pelatihan Metodelogi Penelitian dan Penulisan Kartya Tulis Ilmiah Dalam Menyelesaika Skripsi, Tesis, dan Jurnal ilmiah Untuk Mahasiswa dan Dosen oleh Pengurus Pusat Perkumpulan Manajemen Indonesia secara online melalui aplikasi Zoom Meeting.  Metode yang digunakan dalam pelatihan ini melalui Presentasi, Diskusi dan Tanya Jawab secara langsung antara peserta pelatihan dengan pemateri pelatihan.  Tujuan dari pelatihan ini memberikan berbagai ilmu dan Teknik dalam melakukan penelitian untuk penulisan skripsi, tesis, disertasi dan jurnal ilmiah.  Pelatihan ini diharapkan mampu memberikan solusi bagi mahasiswa dan dosen yang kesulitan dalam menulis karya tulis ilmiah sebagai salah satu syarat menyelesaikan kuliiah dan mendapatkan gelar sarjana
Penggunaan Mesin Tetas Untuk Meningkatkan Kewirausahaan Produksi Ternak Unggas Santri Alkamilah
Authors: Ramdani Edon , Satiman  , Suparmin  , Wiyanti Rahma , Maharani
Published: September 2022

Terbatasnya daya tampung kerja diperusahaan, baik perusahaan milik pemerintah maupun swasta menyebabkan tidak semua angkatan kerja dapat tertampung. Hal ini memerlukan pemikiran dan pemecahan masalahnya agar angkatan kerja mendapat pekerjaan. Pada pasal 27 Ayat (2) Undang Undang Dasar 1945 telah memberi amanat bahwa tiap-tiap warga negara berhak atas pekerjaan dan penghidupan yang layak bagi kemanusiaan”. Hal ini berarti bahwa negara harus mempunyai kewajiban untuk memberikan pekerjaan bagi para pencari kerja dan penghidupan yang layak bagi warga yang secara sosial ekonomi masih rendah. Sementara rakyat berhak menuntut pemerintah untuk menyediakan pekerjaan dan memberikan penghidupan yang layak. Salah satu solusi untuk mengurangi kekurangan kesempatan kerja adalah dengan meningkatkan peran kewirausahaan. Kewirausahaan dapat menyediakan lapangan kerja, untuk meningkatkan daya saing, mengurangi pengangguran dan kemiskinan. Kewirausahaan diredifinisi sebagai “gairah mengembangkan bisnis baru”. Bisnis yang dikembangkan bisa berupa independen yang dimiliki oleh seseorang atau lebih wirausaha, atau bisa juga yang dikembangkan dalam perusahaan tempatnya bekerja. Yayasan Alkamilah sebagai lembaga yatim piatu dan kaum duafa, mengasuh para santri dengan memberikan pendidikan agama dan pengetahuan umum. Di Yayasan Alkamilah para santri juga diajarkan untuk aktif berwirausaha dengan mengembangkan beberapa produk, terutama makanan seperti olahan keripik pisang, singkong dan juga cemilan coklat. Dengan aktifnya Yayasan Alkamilah serta santri dalam berwirausaha mendorong kami kelompok PKM Universitas Pamulang untuk memberikan penyuluhan dan pemaparan mengenai produk mesin tetas telur unggas. Melalui PKM kami mengenai mesin tetas ini diharapkan akan menarik minat para santri untuk mengembangkan mesin tetas sebagai produk kewirausahaan lainnya, selain produk yang sudah dihasilkan saat ini yang lebih fokus ke makanan olahan.
Pelatihan Modern Office Administration & E-Filling System bagi Tenaga Administrasi PT Pupuk Kalimantan Timur
Authors: Abdussalaam Falaah , Handari Adji Widwi , Kurniawati Rina
Published: September 2022

Pengelolaan administrasi yang baik berdampak pada peningkatan kinerja dari sebuah instansi. Pemanfaatan perkembangan IT yang maksimal dan real-time dapat membantu mempermudah dan mempercepat dalam menangani pengelolaan administrasi dan sistem manajemen arsip di era modern ini. Sebagai salah satu bentuk Tri Dharma Perguruan Tinggi, salah satunya adalah Pengabdiaan Kepada Masyarakat, maka Politeknik Piksi Ganesha bekerjasama dengan BME Center memberikan Pelatihan Modern Office Administration & E-Filling System kepada tenaga administrasi PT Pupuk Kalimatan Timur yang bertujuan agar peserta dapat memahami secara komprehensif materi yang disampaikan, sehingga dapat diimplementasikan secara aplikatif dan memiliki kemampuan  professional  mengelola administrasi perkantoran serta manajemen arsip yang terkomputerisasi.  Pelaksanaan  kegiatan  ini  berupa praktek langsung dan pemberian materi/ tutorial (administrasi perkantoran modern, tata ruang kantor, pelayanan tamu dan telepon, korespondensi, manajemen waktu dan arsip elektronik, serta otomatisasi administrasi perkantoran), selain itu diberikan pula Games dan Ice Breaking, Diskusi serta Tanya Jawab. Dari hasil pelatihan, banyak manfaat dan ilmu baru yang didapatkan para peserta, khususnya meningkatkan kinerja yang lebih profesional serta dapat menyesuaikan diri dengan lingkungan bisnis digital.
Mentha piperita: Medicinal uses and pharmacological properties
Authors: Sabhat Abbas  , Sabira Sultana  , Abdul Wadood Chishti  , Muhammad Akram  , Syed Muhammad Ali Shah  , Amrat Sareen  , Saima Siddique  , Arooj Aftab
Published: September 2022

Mentha piperita (Mint) is a well-known herb belong to family Lamiaceae. Mint is famous as “herb of hospitality” in Greek mythology. It is used worldwide for culinary purposes. Mentha piperita has many therapeutic effects and used in different ailments. It is used extensively in gastric problems. It consists many bioactive compounds which showed different pharmacological effects. It is also an aromatic herb and also fame for its fragrance. Essential oils have strong aroma and a complex composition. They are natural and volatile secondary metabolites. It is used in drinks, teas, jellies, toffees, syrups, and in ice-creams. Mint leaves possess a deep, fresh, and aromatic flavor with a cool smack.
Mapping Overpressure Regime and Onset of Plane of Weakness Failure Across Dipping Structure in the Complex Geological Setting
Authors: Kumar Rajeev Ranjan , Kumar Prince , Subbiah Surej Kumar
Published: September 2022

The field under review had multiple sidetracks in offset wells with different cavings types and varying depth intervals for the onset of overpressure across the locations. The field has a northeast-southwest trend with multiple structural variations, including anticline, syncline, thrust fault, and normal fault. The main target sandstone formation is encountered at the 3000-5400 m interval, where sand production has been reported over time, resulting in a decline in production. Bedding dips vary from 8° to 45° depending on proximity to the anticline. Considering nonproductive time (NPT) events in the field and high risks associated with new wells, reviews of geomechanical, drilling, and chemical aspects were conducted to identify mud weight design, bottomhole assembly (BHA), and chemicals. Lateral variation of pore pressure gradient and in-situ stress profile were mapped to history match borehole failure types and multiple kick events in deep wells. Wellbore stability analysis considering intact rock and plane of weakness failure modes through a mechanical earth model was conducted. Locations close to the anticline have a plane of weakness mode of failure, as confirmed during analysis, and supported by platy cavings and higher intrinsic anisotropy. The overpressured regime was identified as two compartments, with the interval 3500-4600 m being due to Undercompaction, and 4600-5400 m being due to a hybrid mechanism of unloading with chemical changes. The integrated geomechanical analysis helped to propose drilling solutions that have already been implemented in new wells, with hole conditions being improved with minimum NPT events.

1. INTRODUCTION

The target sandstone reservoirs are present within Formation-A, which is overlain by Formation-B and underlain by Formation-C. Wellbore stability has been a key concern in offset wells drilled at different structural positions in the field. Overall, eight wells have been drilled with multiple sidetracks due to breakouts/cavings, stuck pipes, loss of tools, etc., which inflated the cost of drilling and affected open hole log acquisition. Premature abandonment of wells has been a common phenomenon in offset wells due to uncertainties in pore pressure and drilling complications with increasing depth of primary targets in Formation-A.
Expertise of a cable – stayed bridge under construction in Romania
Authors:   B-dul Dacia, Nr. 26, Sector 1, 01,413, Bucharest, Romania, Popa Victor
Published: September 2022

The paper presents the results of an expertise of the cable – stayed bridge over the Danube – Black Sea Canal at Agigea in the Constantza harbor zone. During its execution, there were made some changes to the initial solution in order to reduce the cost of the works. Following these changes it has in fact found that the cost has increased by 50 percent instead of reducing it. The bridge execution has stopped and an expertise was required to be proposed a new solution to reduce the cost of the work. An innovative solution applied to the bridge has reasonable solved this problem. The solution consisted in using a special hybrid structure for the superstructure of the main cable-stayed bridge having three spans of 80 m ; 200 m; 80 m.
The Story of the Argentine Giant Tegu, Salvator merianae , in South Florida
Authors: Mazzotti Frank J.
Published: September 2022

This chapter describes the introduction and establishment of the Argentine giant tegu in Florida to illustrate the easily preventable delays that hinder effective action in addressing invasive species. The characteristics of invasive reptiles have changed over the past 30 years. Initially, invasive reptiles were small, early maturing, insectivorous lizards known to be associated with human dwellings. Today, successful invaders are large bodied, early maturing, prolific, omnivorous lizards that thrive in a variety of habitats. Argentine giant tegus in South Florida are of particular concern because of their proximity to Everglades National Park, Biscayne National Park, American crocodile nests at the Florida Power and Light Company Turkey Point Power Plant site, and several Everglades restoration projects. As a result of limited resources, however, the questions centered on how to know whether tegus will be a successful invader. The problem is that if one waits until one can answer those questions, it is almost always too late to do something about it.
An Overview of Jazz Dance in the Twenty-First Century
Authors: George Melanie
Published: September 2022

Chapter 1 provides a survey of the variability and viability of jazz dance in the twenty-first century, with a focus on authentic, concert, and commercial styles in performance, educational institutions, and the media. The chapter identifies prominent companies, choreographers and locations for jazz dance. George assesses the state of present-day jazz in relationship to the historical accuracy of jazz as a fundamentally Africanist dance form, with emphasis on the movement toward decolonizing practices in the form. George argues for the importance of context and nuance when considering any dance style that is being called jazz, differentiating roots-based jazz dance from dance that is jazz-influenced, or jazz in name only, for the overall health and long-term survival of the form.
Riding Rhythms and Designing Space
Authors: Jones Carlos R. A.
Published: September 2022

Choreographer Carlos Jones acknowledges rhythm and jazz music as the main forces behind his jazz choreography. He discusses how his dance background of intrinsic movement, rooted movement, and colonized movement have come together to create a blended style. He defines intrinsic movement as what he experienced as an inborn sense of dance and movement from an early age. Rooted movement is that which is based in African diasporic movement, learned as he grew up within Black culture. And colonized movement refers to the Eurocentric styles and techniques that he learned during his formal training years, including ballet, modern, and Eurocentric jazz dance. Jones crafts his choreographic phrases using compositional tools such as theme and variation, and retrograde, along with an acute attunement to rhythmic complexity.
Reframing the Jazz Narrative in the High School Classroom
Authors: McCullough Jessie Metcalf
Published: September 2022

Reframing the jazz narrative in high school classrooms is imperative for twenty-first century jazz dance education. This chapter argues that the key to teaching jazz for the high school demographic lies in creating a balanced pedagogy that factors in the jazz styles of today while incorporating vital and often missing African American aesthetics into methodological frameworks. Potential difficulties that arise in teaching this demographic are outlined, particularly as they pertain to the learned overvaluing of Eurocentric technical ideals. The chapter concludes with strategies from the author’s own practice, aimed at helping teachers and students shift their perspectives of jazz to be more inclusive of African American roots.
To Topple, not Maintain
Authors: Clemente Karen
Published: September 2022

This chapter describes a jazz dance history course taught at a residential, undergraduate liberal arts college. The course reflects ongoing curricular changes that address decolonization of the dance curriculum at the institution. Content of the course engages issues of diversity and inequity and investigates jazz dance within a broader societal context. The course is taught as part of the college’s core curriculum, entitled Ursinus Quest: Open Questions Open Minds. Highlighted in the chapter is the pedagogical practice of the course, including: readings; combined classes with the music department; guest artist classes; and attendance at off-campus professional performances. It concludes with action strategies for decolonizing the curriculum at the individual, departmental, and institutional levels.
Structural History of Early Colonial Urbanism in Central America
Authors: Fowler William R.
Published: September 2022

This essay presents a structural history of the major events and processes of the Spanish-Mesoamerican War and early colonial settlement in Central America, placing special emphasis on the earliest Spanish urban foundations and the first sustained contacts with indigenous inhabitants. The spatial scale of this survey embraces the territories of the modern republics of Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama; in other words, all of Central America, excluding Belize (which had no Spanish colonial urban settlement). The discussion represents an initial step toward developing comprehensive microhistories of the early colonial towns of Central America through the study of individual biographies of specific actors and places and their intersections with long-term institutions and structures. Since the late 1960s, microhistory has become a useful way to study intersections between the local and the global, between short-term and long-term history. More than 60 towns were founded in Central America between 1501 and 1573. About half of them were abandoned due to indigenous attacks, hostile relations between competing conquistadors, lack of provisions, or other problems. Only 29 of the earliest founded towns remained in existence in 1573. This high rate of abandonment shows the precariousness of urban settlement in Central America during the sixteenth century.
Introduction
Authors: Panich Tsim D.
Published: September 2022

The past three decades have seen important developments in the archaeological study of colonial encounters, yet in North America many approaches still fail to account for Indigenous presence in the centuries after 1492. This wilful unknowing regarding the richness and diversity of postcontact Native experiences, despite the impacts of colonialism, is rooted both in archaeological field methods and the conceptual foundations of the field. This chapter surveys new approaches that are revealing how archaeologists can make sense of the varied places and materials that Indigenous people used to maintain their communities in a range of temporal and geographic contexts. Key issues include a reimagining of archaeological understandings of chronology and geographic scope as well as developing collaborative methods that better represent long-term Indigenous presence.
Recognizing Post-Columbian Indigenous Sites in California’s Colonial Hinterlands
Authors: Hull Kathleen L.
Published: September 2022

Land-use patterns of seasonally mobile hunter-gatherers present a particular set of challenges to archaeological recognition of post-1492 Indigenous residential sites in the colonial hinterlands of California. The relatively short duration of site use, frequent re-use of sites episodically occupied in the more distant past, and fine temporal scale often required for archaeological study of cultural practices in the wake of colonialism necessitate a multifaceted approach. This research strategy entails creative and exhaustive use of diverse data sources, including documents, images, and material evidence; innovative approaches to inferring site formation, chronology, and organization; and an iterative method that feeds data back into the identification process and builds on often subtle differences between components dating before and after 1492. This chapter illustrates this research strategy via examples from studies in Yosemite National Park that also have relevance to archaeological identification of post-1492 Indigenous sites elsewhere in North America.
Seeking Indigenous Trade Networks of the Midcontinent through Glass Beads from La Belle (41MG86)
Authors: Walder Heather
Published: September 2022

From 1679 to 1683, Indigenous communities of midwestern North America encountered the expeditions of Robert La Salle, a French explorer and colonizer who documented traveling the Great Lakes and Mississippi River. This chapter explores evidence for Indigenous peoples’ interactions with La Salle, and their existing internal trade networks, by identifying the chemical composition of glass trade beads (n=83) associated with La Salle’s ill-fated ship La Belle, which sank in Matagorda Bay, Texas in 1686. Archaeological sites in the Midwest associated with Potawatomi, Odawa, Illinois, and other Indigenous communities have produced glass beads with recipes similar to those recovered from La Belle and from subsequent on-shore French and Spanish colonial sites in Texas. This chapter highlights the utility of archaeometric methods, specifically Laser Ablation – Inductively Coupled Plasma – Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), to identify evidence of past peoples and interactions previously obscured in archaeological investigations of recorded events in “protohistoric” North America.
Afterword
Authors: DeMaagd Allyson C.
Published: September 2022

This chapter highlights the similarities and differences among the sensory projects of H.D., Mina Loy, Virginia Woolf, and Elizabeth Bowen. It positions these modernist women writers as members of a dissensuous community that challenges divisive, often violent, sensory rhetoric. By unifying the so-called higher and lower senses through experimentation with synesthesia, the intersensory, and the multisensuous, these writers not only revise limiting sensory narratives, but also modernist narratives about women. This chapter asks modernist scholars to turn our eyes to the long-overlooked value of the so-called feminine senses and open our ears to the too-often-unheard voices of women’s dissent.
On Virgins, Malinches, and Chicas Modernas
Authors: Dalton David S.
Published: September 2022

This chapter analyzes how Lorena Velázquez’s performances interfaced with evolving attitudes surrounding the role of women in 1960s Mexican society. Her parts tended to engage the traditional duality between the Virgin of Guadalupe and La Malinche, and she performed both ends of the spectrum with confidence. The fact that she could play such distinctive roles so well suggests that we view her performances through the lens of the chica moderna. Indeed, throughout her performances and her own private life, Velázquez took advantage of changing attitudes surrounding gender to harness a degree of star power that few people, regardless of gender, could rival.
Un Cine Familiar
Authors: Cosentino Olivia
Published: September 2022

This chapter conceptualizes cine familiar, a genre that emerged in Mexico in the 1980s. Cine familiar, similar to the “family film,” is defined by its intended family audience, narratives that focus on families, and the use of double appeals to child and adult spectators, including the inclusion of popular music, youth stars, and famous veteran actors, called the actuación especial. Mexican cine familiar also charts the rise of family-run private production companies, like the Galindos or the Azcárragas (Televisa), as Margarita López Portillo drastically cut State-sponsored cinema in the late 1970s. The chapter explores textual aspects of cine familiar (shared tropes and dominant ideologies) and extratextual elements (marketing, critical and popular reception, the industry practice of family filmmaking), as well as its YouTube afterlife, where cine familiar continues to circulate today among nostalgic spectators.
Presidio Isla de Santa Rosa, Punta de Sigüenza
Authors: Bense Judith A.
Published: September 2022

Chapter 4 covers Presidio Isla de Santa Rosa, Punta de Sigüenza (1753-1756), which was located for protection from Indian attacks on the tip of a barrier island at the entrance on Pensacola Bay. This presidio had a very small fort and a long linear community of small wooden buildings. Eight hurricanes struck this presidio causing continual and extensive rebuilding and repair. The soft sand and many floods buried an extremely high number of artifacts, including many unusual ones such as ceramic figurines, music box keys, and personal jewelry. Buildings located include the two churches, large buildings, likely warehouses, and residences.
Reinaldo Arenas’s Fearless Speech
Authors: Barros Sandro R. , Ocasio Rafael , Willis Angela L.
Published: September 2022

This chapter considers Arenas’s parrhesiastes public pedagogy as a powerful intervention in the Cuban Revolution’s imagination. Barros, Ocasio, and Willis identify the strength of Arenas’s phenomenologically sensitive discourse by linking it to his testimonial lifewriting as a unique postcolonial methodology of pedagogical truth-telling. As this chapter argues, this methodology successfully allowed Arenas to ground and authenticate his phenomenology of the Cuban Revolution in a literary project through which he recovered dissident voices and the “primordial” meanings of the Revolution as a multifaceted event. To that end, Arenas’s cultivated parrhesia in a way that countered Manichean representations and dichotomist expressions of Left or Right-wing ideology, which, as this chapter discusses, ultimately alienated him from both the cultural establishment in his native Cuba and the diasporic intellectual communities in the U.S.
Traumatic Injuries in Sexual Assault Patients in the Emergency Department
Authors: McCormack Denise , Subburamu Sushi , Guzman Glenda , Calderon Carmen , Darapaneni Ruchika , Lis Robert , Sima Niloofar , Sperling Jeremy , Corbo Jill
Published: September 2022

Introduction: The emergency department (ED) is at the forefront for treatment of sexual assault patients. Many require treatment for injuries sustained during the assault, ranging from mild to severe. Our objective in this study was to characterize types of injuries associated with sexual assault and identify associated factors.

Methods: We reviewed ED charts from an inner-city trauma center and nearby community hospital from 2019-2020 for patients age ≥13 years with a chief complaint of sexual assault. We used descriptive statistics, chi square, and logistic regression to characterize demographics and identify factors associated with trauma.

Results: A total of 157 patients met inclusion criteria. The mean age was 27.9 years old (range 13-79 years) and 92.4% were female. Adult patients (age >18 years) comprised 77.5% of assaults vs adolescents (age 13-18 years) at 22.3%. Most patients presented to the trauma center compared to the community hospital (69.4% vs 30.6%). The assailants were reported as 61.2% acquaintance, 22.9% stranger, and 15.9% intimate partner. A forensic rape kit was performed in 92 (58.6%) cases. The patient was intoxicated with alcohol in 39 (24.8%) cases, and 22 (14%) patients reported drug-facilitated assault where an unknown substance was given to them. Alcohol (P = 0.95) and drug-facilitated assault (P = 0.64) did not change the occurrence of injuries. Fifty-seven (36.3%) patients exhibited physical trauma on presentation. Forty-five (28.6%) patients had minor injuries of abrasions, lacerations, or contusions. Major trauma was defined as fracture, brain injury, hemorrhage, strangulation, or injury requiring surgical consultation. There were 12 patients with major trauma consisting of fracture injury or nonfatal strangulation. None of the patients required admission. Sexual assault by an intimate partner (odds ratio [OR] 2.6; 95% CI: 1.1-6.5) and being an adult patient compared to adolescent (OR 3.0; 95% CI, 1.1-7.7) was significantly associated with physical trauma. Sexual assault by an intimate partner was also associated with nonfatal strangulation (OR 4.0; 95% CI, 1.1-15.4).

Conclusion: Physical injuries that resulted from sexual assault were mostly minor and occurred in 36% of rape victims. Intimate partner violence was found to be associated with physical trauma as well as nonfatal strangulation. Overall, this study helps us to understand key factors associated with sexual violence.
#WhyIDoIt: A Multidisciplinary Wellness Initiative in an Academic Emergency Department
Authors: Jacobson Nancy , Westein Riley , Nordstrom Rachel , Pilarski Alicia
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Healthcare clinicians in critical care settings such as the emergency department (ED) experience workplace stressors and are at high risk for burnout. This correlates with substance abuse, suicidality, career dissatisfaction, early retirement, and suboptimal patient care. Therefore, recognizing, and mitigating, burnout is critical to a healthcare worker’s health and wellbeing. While gratitude and positive psychology are shown to increase resilience and decrease burnout, no prior studies have examined specific ED care team motivators for continued career satisfaction and workplace engagement. To increase the wellness in our ED, we implemented a wellness initiative titled #WhyIDoIt. Our goal was to have all care team members share what motivates them to work in our ED.

Methods: Participants were asked what motivates them in the workplace. We gathered responses each February for three consecutive years, 2017-2019, at our academic Level I trauma center. Emergency department clinicians, nurses, and staff were recruited to participate at grand rounds, nursing huddles, and sign out. Participants self-selected to contribute by writing their response on a sticky note and posting it in the department. After three years of implementing this initiative, we analyzed the collected qualitative data using thematic analysis based on grounded theory. Submissions were subjectively categorized into initial themes and then reconciled into three overarching classifications.

Results: In total, we collected 149 responses. Themes included team work (35, 23.5%), pride in a unique skill set (26, 17.4%), helping patients in a time of need (26, 17.4%), teaching/learning opportunities (15,10.1%), humor and levity (14, 9.4%), building relationships with patients (11,7.4%), financial motivation (9, 6.0%), patient gratitude (7, 4.7%), and philosophical and moral motivators (6, 4.0%). These themes were reconciled into three overarching classifications including team-centered motivators
(76, 51%), patient-centered motivators (37, 24.8%), and reward-centered motivators (36, 24.2%).

Conclusion: Responses that showed the greatest motivator for ED clinicians and nurses were team-centered. This highlights the importance of relationship building and a sense of shared purpose and suggests that future workplace well-being initiatives should include strengthening and maintaining professional team relationships.
More Accessible COVID-19 Treatment Through Monoclonal Antibody Infusion in the Emergency Department
Authors: Heinert Sara , McCoy Jonathan , Ohman Strickland Pamela , Riggs Renee , Eisenstein Robert
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Monoclonal antibody (MAB) infusion is the first treatment to manage coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) in an outpatient setting. Yet increased risk of severe COVID-19 illness may occur from inequities in social determinants of health including access to quality healthcare. Given the safety-net nature of emergency departments (ED), a model that puts them at the center of MAB infusion may better reach underserved patients than models that require physician referral and distribute MAB at outpatient infusion centers. We examined characteristics of two groups of patients who received MAB infusion in the Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital (RWJUH) ED in New Brunswick, New Jersey: 1) patients who tested positive for COVID-19 in the ED and received ED infusion; and 2) patients who tested positive elsewhere and were referred to the ED for infusion. The process for the latter group was similar to the more common national model of patients testing COVID-19 positive in the community and then being referred to an infusion center for MAB therapy.

Methods: We performed a cross-sectional retrospective health record review of all adult patients presenting to the ED from November 20, 2020–March 15, 2021 who received MAB infusion at RWJUH ED (N = 486). Patients were identified through the electronic health record system by an administrative query, with manual chart review for any additional characteristics not available through the query. We compared the two groups using chi-squared tests for categorical variables and t-tests for continuous variables.

Results: We found higher proportions of Black (18% vs 6% P < 0.001, statistically significant), Hispanic (19% vs 11% P = 0.02), Medicaid (12% vs 9% P = 0.01), and uninsured (17% vs 8% P = 0.01) patients who tested positive for COVID-19 in their ED visit and then received MAB therapy during their visit than patients tested elsewhere in the community and referred to the ED for MAB therapy.

Conclusion: These findings suggest that providing MAB infusion in the ED allows increased access for patients traditionally marginalized from the healthcare system, who may be at risk of longer disease duration and complications from COVID-19.
Direct vs Video Laryngoscopy for Difficult Airway Patients in the Emergency Department: A National Emergency Airway Registry Study
Authors: Ruderman Brandon , Mali Martina , Kaji Amy , Kilgo Robert , Watts Susan , Wells Radosveta , Limkakeng Alexander , Borawski Joseph , Fantegrossi Andrea , Walls Ron , Brown Calvin
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Previous studies suggest improved intubation success using video laryngoscopy (VL) vs direct laryngoscopy (DL), yet recent randomized trials have not shown clear benefit of one method over the other. These studies, however, have generally excluded difficult airways and rapid sequence intubation. In this study we looked to compare first-pass success (FPS) rates between VL and DL in adult emergency department (ED) patients with difficult airways.

Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of prospectively collected observational data in the National Emergency Airway Registry (NEAR) (January 2016–December 2018). Variables included demographics, indications, methods, medications, devices, difficult airway characteristics, success, and adverse events. We included adult ED patients intubated with VL or DL who had difficult airways identified by gestalt or anatomic predictors. We stratified VL by hyperangulated (HAVL) vs standard geometry VL (SGVL). The primary outcome was FPS, and the secondary outcome was comparison of adverse event rates between groups. Data analyses included descriptive statistics with cluster-adjusted 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results: Of 18,123 total intubations, 12,853 had a predicted or identified anatomically difficult airway. The FPS for difficult airways was 89.1% (95% CI 85.9-92.3) with VL and 77.7% (95% CI 75.7-79.7) with DL (P <0.00001). The FPS rates were similar between VL subtypes for all difficult airway characteristics except airways with blood or vomit, where SGVL FPS (87.3%; 95% CI 85.8-88.8) was slightly better than HAVL FPS (82.4%; 95% CI, 80.3-84.4). Adverse event rates were similar except for esophageal intubations and vomiting, which were both less common in VL than DL. Esophageal intubations occurred in 0.4% (95% CI 0.1-0.7) of VL attempts and 1.5% (95% CI 1.1-1.9) of DL attempts. Vomiting occurred in 0.6% (95% CI 0.5-0.7) of VL attempts and 1.4% (95% CI 0.9-1.9) of DL attempts.

Conclusion: Analysis of the NEAR database demonstrates higher first-pass success with VL compared to DL in patients with predicted or anatomically difficult airways, and reduced rate of esophageal intubations and vomiting.
WOMen profEssioNal developmenT oUtcome Metrics in Academic Emergency Medicine: Results from the WOMENTUM Modified Delphi Study
Authors: Love Jennifer , Zeidan Amy , Khatri Utsha , Samuels-Kalow Margaret , Mills Angela , Hsu Cindy
Published: September 2022

Introduction: To address persistent gender inequities in academic medicine, women professional development groups (PDG) have been developed to support the advancement of women in medicine. While these programs have shown promising outcomes, long-term evaluative metrics do not currently exist. The objective of this study was to establish metrics to assess women’s PDGs.

Methods: This was a modified Delphi study that included an expert panel of current and past emergency department (ED) chairs and Academy for Women in Academic Emergency Medicine (AWAEM) presidents. The panel completed three iterative surveys to develop and rank metrics to assess women PDGs. Metrics established by the expert panel were also distributed for member-checking to women EM faculty.

Results: The expert panel ranked 11 metrics with high to moderate consensus ranking with three metrics receiving greater than 90% consensus: gender equity strategy and plan; recruitment; and compensation. Members ranked 12 metrics with high consensus with three metrics receiving greater than 90% consensus: gender equity strategy and plan; compensation; and gender equity in promotion rates among faculty. Participants emphasized that departments should be responsible for leading gender equity efforts with PDGs providing a supportive role.

Conclusion: In this study, we identified metrics that can be used to assess academic EDs’ gender equity initiatives and the advisory efforts of a departmental women’s PDG. These metrics can be tailored to individual departmental/institutional needs, as well as to a PDG’s mission. Importantly, PDGs can use metrics to develop and assess programming, acknowledging that many metrics are the responsibility of the department rather than the PDG.
Demonic Deliberation as Rhetorical Revelation in Paradise Lost
Authors: Donnelly Phillip J. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2022

Classical education includes an apprenticeship in the art of rhetoric. It also gives a central place to the study of major works of literature, philosophy, and theology. There is often, however, an assumed disconnection between the art of rhetoric and the study of great texts. This disconnection undermines students’ ability to hear the voices of these texts as conversation partners in ongoing debates. This article illustrates how historically-based rhetorical-poetic reading enables us to hear the voices in a given text and to consider how they work together. The argument first outlines some modern assumptions about the relation between poetry and rhetoric. The second part explains what rhetorical-poetic reading involves when approaching John Milton’s epic, Paradise Lost. The final section focuses on the second book of Milton’s poem, establishing how layered persuasive purposes constitute the fabric of the work and what the poem reveals through its curious dramatization of demonic deliberation.
Effects of Cavitation on Rudder Forces
Authors: Shen Y. T. , Burroughs W. D. , Remmers K. D.
Published: September 2022

Rudder surfaces can experience severe cavitation at high speeds or in hard turns resulting in excessive noise, vibration and erosion. Methods to improve surface ship rudder performance are being investigated at David Taylor Model Basin. As part of this project, effects of cavitation on rudder forces were experimentally studied. These rudder cavitation tests were conducted in the Navy's Large Cavitation Channel (LCC) with the rudder model installed on a fully wetted ship hull. Rudder forces, surface pressure distributions and velocity distributions in the propeller slip stream were all measured. The existence of large flow angles at the rudder's leading edge makes the cavitation inception and cavitation patterns markedly different between the two sides of the rudder. Significant effects of cavitation on rudder forces were measured and are presented in two examples. If rudder cavitation occurs at full scale, estimates of the rudder drag and power consumption based on towing tank tests can be grossly in error.