bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A survey of helminths of polar bears in the Russian Arctic
Authors: Kurnosova Olga P. , Khrustalev Alexander V. , Illarionova Natalya A. , Odoevskaya Irina M.
Published: March 2018

The polar bear Ursus maritimus is a circumpolar species classified as vulnerable and included in the IUCN Red List. It is considered to be practically free of helminth parasites with the only species reported being Trichinella spiralis s. l. Samples of feces were collected on Chukotka coast, Wrangel Island and on ice floes in the Kara, Laptev and Chukchi seas in 2013-2015 in different seasons of the year. Coprological diagnostics was carried out using the standard flotation and sedimentation methods. In the samples collected in the snow-free period, a single sample (3.7%) was found to contain eggs of the nematode Toxascaris sp. In three out of 9 samples collected in the winter, eggs of a cestode Diphyllobothrium sp., of unidentified trematodes (presumably Heterophyidae) and of the strongylid nematode Uncinaria stenocephala were found as well as the first stage nematode larvae tentatively identified as Crenosoma sp. Viable Trichinella nativa larvae were recovered from the muscles of a female animal from north of Yakutia.
‘Reindeer Botanist’ and the Onset of Canadian Arctic Ecology (In memory of the 40th anniversary of A. E. Porsild’s passing)
Authors: Svoboda Josef
Published: March 2018

Alf Erling Porsild, a field naturalist by birth and life-long practice was a pioneer, greater than life Canadian Arctic eco-botanist. And that before the term ‘ecology’ became a household name among the Canadian field biologists.
Tendencies in current climate change and atmospheric circulation variability in the Arctic region of West Siberia
Authors: Kharyutkina Elena V. , Loginov Sergey V.
Published: March 2018

The main goal of this study is to carry out the investigation of the climatic parameters variability and the role of global atmospheric circulation in their trends over the Arctic region of West Siberia (60-70°N, 60-90°E) using reanalysis data. The characteristics of spatial and temporal variability of meteorological parameters (surface air temperature and soil temperature, atmospheric pressure, snow depth and surface albedo) were calculated using ERA-Interim reanalysis data over the period of 1979−2015. It was established that in the beginning of XXI century, there is an air and soil temperature decrease in winter and autumn and its statistically significant increase in spring and summer. The tendency to permafrost area degradation is observed for the Arctic region. The maximal changes are observed in low-temperature permafrost soils than in soils with higher temperature. This trend is accompanied by the decrease in snow cover depth and surface albedo. Global circulation indices variability, its relationships with meteorological parameters in West Siberia and with sea ice cover extent in the Arctic Seas indicate that atmospheric blocking processes, which are responsible for anticyclonic type of weather, were developed in the region during last decades.
A rare approach? Microsurgical breast reconstruction after severe burns
Authors: Weitgasser Laurenz , Bahsoun Ali , Amr Amro , Brandstetter Michael , Knam Friedrich , Schoeller Thomas
Published: March 2018

Breast deformity, in post-burn patients, is a common problem leading to lower self-esteem and reclusive behavior that impairs quality of life. The authors present the course of treatment of an 18-year-old immigrant girl who suffered second- to third-degree burns over approximately 20% of her total body surface area in her early childhood. The second- to third-degree burns were located on her right trunk and abdomen, as well as her right shoulder, neck, and right groin area. Since it was not offered in her home country, reconstructive surgery, including microsurgical breast reconstruction, was sought abroad. Due to the lack of available skin and soft tissue, a bilateral breast reconstruction with free transverse myocutaneous gracilis flaps was offered. This case illustrates one method of using microsurgery to address post-burn breast deformities in order to alleviate psychological suffering and improve quality of life.
The vertical orbicularis oculi muscle turn-over procedure for the correction of paralytic ectropion of the lower eyelid
Authors: Azuma Ryuichi , Aoki Shimpo , Aizawa Tetsushi , Kuwabara Masahiro , Kiyosawa Tomoharu
Published: March 2018

Background Static reconstruction surgery that tightens the tension of the inferior tarsus, thereby raising the lax lower eyelid, is a common treatment for paralytic ectropion of the lower eyelid. We present one such operative procedure, in which an orbicularis oculi muscle flap was used.

Methods The surgical technique involves partial resection of the tarsus and the skin, as well as a superior-based orbicularis oculi muscle flap that is sutured to the firm tissue present on the Whitnall tubercle. The muscle flap is approximately 7 mm in width and 15 mm in length, with a superior pedicle that is attached to the tarsus at the medial point of the resected tarsus. The procedure results in contact between the ocular surface and the lower eyelid.

Results The procedure was performed in 11 patients with lower eyelid ectropion due to facial paralysis. Ten cases showed a favorable outcome following surgery, with stable results seen over an average follow-up period of 4.5 years. In one case, recurrence of ectropion was observed 2 months after surgery due to an insufficient correction, and the patient required repeat surgery.

Conclusions The orbicularis oculi muscle flap was an effective means of suspension and was able to maintain long-term traction tension. This procedure can therefore be considered a favorable treatment option for lower eyelid ectropion due to facial paralysis.
The Case of Ditto Block: A Study of Special Weapons and Tactics, Antisocial Personality, Mental Illness and Barricade Offenders
Authors: Lichtenwald Terrance G. , Perri Frank S.
Published: March 2018

Comprehensive analysis of a repeat barricade offender as part of a Sanity at the Time of Offense evaluation is presented. Sources of information included law enforcement, legal, medical, mental health, and correctional documents from before, during, and after both barricades. Analysis included triangulation of validity interviews from multiple sources against multiple barricade offender databases and research. Incident and offender characteristics at time of barricade one is compared against barricade two. After the first barricade, the offender completed Fitness to Stand Trial restoration, found fit to stand for a jury trial, found not guilty and released. One year later, he was involuntarily admitted to a mental health hospital. Within one week after court-ordered release, the second barricade occurred. During barricade two, the Special Weapons and Tactics team had no intelligence regarding the first barricade. The offender foresaw negotiation strategies and cut off communication. He predicted Special Weapons and Tactic team tactics; he ambushed the team, stalled the entry, retreated, and created a standoff that concluded in a failed suicide by cop incident. Different Third-Party Intermediaries participated in both barricades. During barricade one, the Third-Party Intermediary (his sister) provided intelligence. During barricade two, the Third-Party Intermediary (ex-girlfriend) did not provide intelligence until after the dynamic entry failed, and a team member gathered intelligence from her. Mental health providers never provided intelligence to law enforcement. Analysis reveals Special Weapons and Tactical Teams cannot operate without behavioral specialists. Community leaders’ continuous comprehensive oversight of Special Weapons and Tactical Teams is required for appropriate communication among professionals and policy decisions derived from pattern analysis of Post Incident Reports. Offender risk assessment require law enforcement, corrections, and mental health contributions. Repeat barricade offender scenarios are required components of professional development for Special Weapons and Tactics teams, mental health providers, attorneys, judges, and community leaders.
Ozone therapy in oxidative stress disorders and evaluation of C-reactive proteins [abstract]
Authors: Shah Mili A.
Published: March 2018

It is well recognized that oxidative stress and oxidative damage to DNA, RNA, protein and cell membranes is responsible for early ageing and lifestyle disorders. In various pathological conditions the main problem is related to a rapid increase in the cellular ROS concentration that exceeds the capacity of the cell to eliminate them. ROS derived from the ozone therapy can exert its protective effects by means of an oxidative preconditioning, stimulating and/or preserving the endogenous antioxidant systems. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the ozone effects, in a preliminary clinical treatment in the oxidative stress disorders. We enrolled 12 patients having type2 diabetes who were prone for cardiovascular risk disorders. Ozone treatment improved glycemic control and prevented oxidative stress associated to diabetes mellitus and its complications. This was also correlated with lab testing of HbA1c and C-reactive protein levels before and after Ozone treatment of 20 rectal insufflation 20 sessions (with an ozone dose of 9000mcg, ozone concentration: 30 mcg/ml) and 10 Major Auto heamotherapy (with an ozone dose of 2000mcg, with Ozone concentration: 20mcg/ml) with Rectal twice a week and M-AHT once a week.

C-reactive protein (CRP) predicts cardiovascular outcome. Oxidative stress is considered to be involved in endothelial alteration. CRP is used mainly as a marker of inflammation. Apart from liver failure, there are few known factors that interfere with CRP production. CRP levels are associated not only with clinical cardiovascular risk factors but also with oxidative stress. There are significant interrelationships among inflammation, oxidative stress, and traditional cardiovascular risk. Inflammation and oxidative stress play a key role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. We examined the interrelationships among C-reactive protein (CRP), oxidative stress, and traditional cardiovascular risk factors.

Ozone treatment significantly improved the antioxidant status of patients reducing biomarkers of protein and lipid oxidation, enhancing total intracellular antioxidant status. Improvement of blood circulation and oxygen delivery to ischemic and neoplastic tissues. Improvement of the general metabolism.Correcting the chronic oxidative stress by upregulating the antioxidant system. Induce a mild activation of the immune system and Procure a state of well-being in patients by activating the neuro-endocrine system.

Conclusion.
Ozone therapy given systemically improved patient's C-reactive protein from range of 20-34 mg/dL to the range of 4-5 mg/dL. General wellbeing was enhanced with better controlled blood sugar levels. These results may be preliminary but shows the efficacy of ozone therapy in oxidative stress disorders and inflammation markers.
How To Combine Ozone Therapies With Other Modalities For Maximum Efficacy [abstract]
Authors: Shottam Suresh
Published: March 2018

In order to use Bio-Oxidative Therapies effectively, a small shift in thinking is needed. One needs to shift from Disease Literacy to Healing Literacy. This shift in thinking leads to the inevitable conclusion that: Impaired Oxygen Signaling is the common denominator for all disease.

Impaired Oxygen Signaling affects:
• O2 driven energetics
• O2's detergent function
• O2's cellular repair function
• O2's renewal function.

It is important to be aware of Oxygen's multiple functions in order to appreciate the importance of the role bio-oxidative therapies play in the reversal of disease conditions. In fact, no treatment of chronic disease can be complete without addressing ALL Oxygen-related issues relevant to a particular patient.

What are these oxygen related issues that need to be addressed? There are 4 distinct steps that lead to disease manifestation linked to Oxygen:
• Dysfunctional Oxygen Metabolism
• Acidosis
• Oxidative Coagulation
• Oxidized Lymph.

Once the above conditions are understood, it becomes clear that combining bio-oxidative therapies with other modalities can improve the outcome of those modalities. Examples of how to combine therapies to create effective protocols for improved clinical outcome will be discussed.

IN SUMMARY, a clear understanding of the Oxygen Model of Disease will enable the practitioner to customize and create innovative combinations for the individual patient.
Evidence-based economic analysis demonstrates that ecosystem service benefits of water hyacinth management greatly exceed research and control costs
Authors: Wainger Lisa A , Harms Nathan E , Magen Cedric , Liang Dong , Nesslage Genevieve M , McMurray Anna M , Cofrancesco Al F
Published: March 2018

Invasive species management can be a victim of its own success when decades of effective control cause memories of past harm to fade and raise questions of whether programs should continue. Economic analysis can be used to assess the efficiency of investing in invasive species control by comparing ecosystem service benefits to program costs, but only if appropriate data exist. We used a case study of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms), a nuisance floating aquatic plant, in Louisiana to demonstrate how comprehensive record-keeping supports economic analysis. Using long-term data sets, we developed empirical and spatio-temporal simulation models of intermediate complexity to project invasive species growth for control and no-control scenarios.

For Louisiana, we estimated that peak plant cover would have been 76% higher without the growth rate suppression that appeared due primarily to biological control agents. Our economic analysis revealed that combined biological and herbicide control programs, monitored over an unusually long time period (1975-2013), generated a benefit-cost ratio of about 34:1 based on benefits to anglers, waterfowl hunters, boating-dependent businesses, and water treatment facilities. This work adds to the literature by 1) providing evidence of the effectiveness of water hyacinth biological control; 2) demonstrating use of parsimonious spatio-temporal models to estimate benefits of invasive control; and 3) incorporating substitutability into economic benefit transfer to avoid overstating benefits. Our study suggests that robust and cost-effective economic analysis is enabled by good record keeping and generalizable models that can demonstrate management effectiveness and promote social efficiency of invasive species control.
Variation in pathogen aggression and cultivar performance against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in soybean and dry bean from Brazil and the U.S.
Authors: Miorini Thomas J. J. , Kamvar Zhian N. , Higgins Rebecca , Raetano Carlos G. , Steadman James R. , Everhart Sydney E
Published: March 2018

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary is an important yield-reducing disease in the United States and Brazil with a diverse host range, including dry bean and soybean. Characterization of both the physiological resistance of commercial cultivars to S. sclerotiorum and the range of aggressiveness among S. sclerotiorum isolates collected from locations where these cultivars are to be deployed, provides important information for making management recommendations. To address this in the present study, we first sought to characterize the range of S. sclerotiorum aggressiveness on soybean and dry bean, using a selection of isolates from Brazil and the U.S. Our second objective was to evaluate the performance of dry bean and soybean cultivars that were developed in Brazil. Eighty-seven isolates of S. sclerotiorum were collected from soybean crops from the U.S. and Brazil and used in this project. U.S. soybean cultivar Dassel and Brazilian dry bean cultivar IAC Alvorada were evaluated using a detached leaf bioassay (DLB) with 65 and 28 isolates respectively. For the straw test, U.S. dry bean cultivar G122 and Brazilian dry bean cultivar IAC Alvorada were inoculated with 32 and 28 isolates respectively. Results showed a significant difference among isolates (P < 0.001). After evaluating 23 Brazilian dry bean cultivars, results of the DLB and straw test showed IAC Diplomata and IPR Tangará were more tolerant to S. sclerotiorum. Among the 11 Brazilian soybean cultivars, M5410 and M6410 were found to be less susceptible to S. sclerotiorum. Collectively, results of this study are important for improving our understanding of variation in pathogen aggressiveness from geographically isolated populations and in identifying cultivars that are likely to have partial resistance.
Efficient termination of nuclear lncRNA transcription promotes mitochondrial genome maintenance
Authors: du Mee Dorine Jeanne Mariëtte , Ivanov Maxim , Parker Joseph Paul , Buratowski Stephen , Marquardt Sebastian
Published: March 2018

Most DNA in the genomes of higher organisms does not code for proteins. RNA Polymerase II (Pol II) transcribes non-coding DNA into long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), but biological roles of lncRNA are unclear. We find that mutations in the yeast lncRNA CUT60 result in poor growth. Defective termination of CUT60 transcription causes read-through transcription across the ATP16 gene promoter. Read-through transcription localizes chromatin signatures associated with Pol II elongation to the ATP16 promoter. The act of Pol II elongation across this promoter represses functional ATP16 expression by a Transcriptional Interference (TI) mechanism. Atp16p function in the mitochondrial ATP-synthase complex promotes mitochondrial DNA stability. ATP16 repression by TI through inefficient termination of CUT60 therefore triggers mitochondrial genome loss. Our results expand the functional and mechanistic implications of non-coding DNA in eukaryotes by highlighting termination of nuclear lncRNA transcription as mechanism to stabilize an organellar genome.
The Effect of Dynamic Assessment on L2 Grammar Acquisition by Iranian EFL Learners
Authors: Kamali Mojtaba , Abbasi Mehdi , Sadighi Firooz
Published: March 2018

This study investigated the effect of dynamic Assessment (DA) on the acquisition of L2 grammar by EFL learners. The focus was on teaching Conditional Type II, or Unreal Conditional, which is a difficult structure for language learners to acquire. To this end, two intact classes of intermediate EFL learners, each consisting of 23 male students were assigned to control and experimental groups. They were pre-tested and post-tested (immediately and delayed post-test) using a written grammaticality judgment task. Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was run to analyze the data. The results revealed that the experimental group significantly outperformed the control group (p<0.05) on both immediate and delayed post-tests. The findings point to the advantage of implementation of DA in L2 grammar instruction in classroom contexts.
Evaluation of Oil-Sediment Interactions and the Possibility of Oil Sinking in Marine Environments
Authors: Mirnaghi Fatemeh , Hua Yujuan , Hollebone Bruce P. , Brown Carl E.
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT 2017-217

One of the major unknowns with respect to the fate and behavior of spilled dilbit is its state of buoyancy, particularly when mixed with sediments. What form do diluted bitumen and sediment mixtures take, and will they float or sink in water column?

In this study, we evaluated the fate and behavior of Cold Lake Blend-Winter at three different weathering states (i.e., fresh, medium, and heavily weathered) in high-energy mixing marine conditions, with (and without) sufficient concentrations of sediments to ensure formation of oil-particulate aggregates (OPA). Conventional light crude oil and intermediate and heavy fuel oils were also included to serve as references for behavior of other types of oils. Two mineral sediments including kaolin (fine) and sand (coarse) as well as natural sediment from the Douglas Channel (DC) in northern British Columbia, (medium) were used for this evaluation. The resulting OPAs were characterized in terms of buoyancy, OPA density, particle size distribution, and morphology to better understand the oil-sediment interaction. In the absence of sediment, mixing of the oils with water resulted in meso/entrained–water-in-oil mixtures; these mixtures remained floating on the water surface. However, in presence of kaolin or the DC sediments, a significant portion of the OPA sank to the bottom of the water column for all oils, with the exception of the light crude oil and the highly weathered Cold Lake Blend-Winter. The later did not uptake as much sediment and instead formed discrete free-floating tarballs. In experiments with the larger sand sediment, no OPAs formed. The density and particle size analysis revealed that the OPAs of the oils with higher viscosity tended to have larger densities and particle sizes. Microscopic examination of the OPAs showed that all consisted of oil droplets surrounded by sediment particles and were present in single droplet or multiple-droplet clusters.
Teaching and Coaching Caregivers in a Guatemalan Orphanage to Promote Language in Young Children
Authors: Hatcher Allison , Grisham-Brown Jennifer , Sese Kenneth
Published: March 2018

Providing evidence-based early intervention (EI) to caregivers is an effective way to promote development in young children. EI services in the United States have decreased risk factors associated with language impairment (LI) as they help improve both short and long-term outcomes for both caregivers and children. The positive results for EI services in the U.S. may generalize to Latin American countries, namely Guatemala. Guatemala has one of the weakest education systems in its region as well as poor access to early childhood services for low-SES and other disadvantaged groups. The purpose of this study was to provide brief EI services to a Guatemalan orphanage by training caregivers to implement naturalistic language support strategies with the young children they care for who are at risk for language impairment. Results indicate a brief caregiver-implemented intervention program was effective for teaching caregivers to implement language support strategies. Recommendations are made for future research as well as implications for policy and practice. Additional research is needed to determine how to facilitate maintenance over time.
Compromising Configurational Entropy Leading to Exceptional Thermoelectric Properties in SnTe‐Based Materials
Authors: Moshwan Raza , Zhang Min , Li Meng , Liu Siqi , Li Nanhai , Cao Tianyi , Liu Wei‐Di , Shi Xiao‐Lei , Chen Zhi‐Gang
Published: October 2024

Incorporating multiple atoms with different masses and radii at distinct atomic sites within a lattice matrix can increase its entropy and, in turn, enable a synergistic approach to both band structure and microstructure engineering. Modifying the band structure enhances electrical transport properties, while changes in the microstructure effectively suppress thermal transport properties, leading to significantly improved thermoelectric performance. Here, entropy engineering is employed to enhance the thermoelectric performance of the SnTe material system. The synergistic alloying of Ge, Mn, and In significantly alters the electronic band structure by merging four valence bands namely L, Σ, Λ, and X, and creating a resonant energy state near the Fermi level, resulting in an outstanding Seebeck coefficient of ≈97 µV K−1 at room temperature. The high density of point defects, Ge secondary phases, amorphous interfaces, phono–phonon interactions, and grain boundaries significantly disrupts the movement of heat‐carrying phonons, leading to an exceptionally low lattice thermal conductivity of 0.32 W m−1 K−1, pushing it below the amorphous limit. Consequently, a peak figure of merit of 1.64 achieves at 873 K in Sn0.71Ge0.2Mn0.07In0.02Te. These findings lay the groundwork for developing advanced thermoelectric materials via entropy engineering.
Co‐Generation of Electricity and Chemicals From Methane Using Direct Internal Reforming Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Lyu Zewei , Liu Yaodong , Sciazko Anna , Komatsu Yosuke , Tao Junyi , Nakamura Akiko , Hara Toru , Sun Kaihua , Shikazono Naoki , Han Minfang
Published: October 2024

The co‐generation of electricity and chemicals via direct internal reforming solid oxide fuel cells (DIR‐SOFCs) offers a promising route to carbon‐neutral energy solutions. However, challenges such as inadequate performance and fast degradation, particularly when using hydrocarbon fuels like CH4, hinder the deployment of DIR‐SOFC technology. This study addresses three critical issues: the effect of fuel composition on electrochemical properties, the mechanisms and microstructural impacts of carbon deposition, and the practical feasibility of DIR‐SOFCs at an industrial scale. First, comprehensive polarization and impedance analyses are conducted to assess the impact of varying fuel compositions—specifically p(CH4) and p(H2O)—on DIR‐SOFC performance. Second, advanced morphological characterization, machine learning‐assisted 3D reconstructions, and numerical simulations are utilized to reveal carbon deposition behavior and its effects on anode microstructures. Quantitative analysis of carbon's impact on pores, Ni, and YSZ phases provides novel insights into carbon‐induced microstructural changes. Finally, the industrial‐scale co‐generation of electricity and chemicals is validated, emphasizing both energy efficiency and operational stability. This study enhances the understanding of electrochemical and microstructural mechanisms, offering crucial insights for optimizing DIR‐SOFC design and operation, and laying the groundwork for their broader adoption in a carbon‐neutral future.
Octahedral Co2+‐O‐Co3+ in Mixed Cobalt Spinel Promotes Active and Stable Acidic Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Zhou Daojin , Yu Jiaqi , Tang Jialun , Li Xiao‐Yan , Ou Pengfei
Published: October 2024

Cobalt (Co)‐based oxides show promising activity as precious metal‐free catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction in proton exchange membrane water electrolysis, but the dissolution of Co has limited the durability of Co3O4 at industrially relevant current densities. This work demonstrates that cation in an octahedral coordination environment accounts for the oxygen evolution activity. Using a mixed inverse‐normal phase spinel CoxGa(3‐x)O4 as a proof‐of‐concept example, the designed Co2+‐O‐Co3+ motifs in octahedral sites trigger oxygen evolution through a kinetically favorable radical coupling pathway. Furthermore, lattice oxygen exchange, a leading factor in catalyst structural degradation for normal Co3O4, is suppressed, as evidenced by isotopic labeling experiments and theoretical calculations. With the optimized catalyst, Co1.8Ga1.2O4, an overpotential of 310 mV at 10 mA cm−2 is reported, with stable operation at 200 mA cm−2 for 200 h in a three‐electrode setup, and a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer operating at 200 mA cm−2 for 450 h.
General emergency physician perceptions of caring for children: A qualitative interview study
Authors: Toto Regina L. , Delgado Eva M. , Ketterer Tara , Berner Emily , Landau Sarah I. , Crowe Molly , Monroig Angeliz Caro , Haghighat Gillian Sedigh , Mollen Cynthia J.
Published: October 2024

Background

Emergency physicians care for most children presenting to U.S. emergency departments (EDs). Pediatric exposure during emergency medicine (EM) residency can be variable and critically ill children are rarely encountered. A recent needs assessment revealed that emergency physicians feel less prepared to manage various conditions in children and that infants, regardless of presenting complaint, pose particular challenges. Emergency physician perceptions of the experience of caring for pediatric patients have not been widely examined through a qualitative lens.

Methods

We designed an interview‐based qualitative study to explore emergency physician perspectives on pediatric patient care. We recruited emergency physicians who graduated from residency in 2015–2019 and all rotated through the same large tertiary children's hospital. Four trained interviewers conducted in‐depth, one‐on‐one virtual interviews. An interdisciplinary team transcribed and then coded the interviews. The team performed a conventional content analysis for themes. Recruitment continued until thematic saturation was achieved.

Results

Twelve participants completed interviews. These participants trained in five diverse residency programs. Likewise, the participants now practice in a variety of settings. Three major themes emerged from the data: (1) experience and exposure are key to establishing comfort caring for children; (2) simulation, pathways, and the pediatric anesthesia rotation are educationally useful; and (3) caring for children poses unique emotional challenges. Participants shared many recommendations for future pediatric education for EM trainees, including increasing autonomy and exposure to neonates and considering how care might differ in a community setting.

Conclusions

This interview‐based qualitative study elucidates key themes in recently graduated emergency physicians’ perceived experience of caring for children. Our findings have important educational implications for this group of emergency physicians and those who share similar experiences in training and practice.
Optimizing the Prediction of Depression Remission: A Longitudinal Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Carr Ewan , Rietschel Marcella , Mors Ole , Henigsberg Neven , Aitchison Katherine J. , Maier Wolfgang , Uher Rudolf , Farmer Anne , McGuffin Peter , Iniesta Raquel
Published: October 2024

Decisions about when to change antidepressant treatment are complex and benefit from accurate prediction of treatment outcome. Prognostic accuracy can be enhanced by incorporating repeated assessments of symptom severity collected during treatment. Participants (n = 714) from the Genome‐Based Therapeutic Drugs for Depression study received escitalopram or nortriptyline over 12 weeks. Remission was defined as scoring ≤ 7 on the Hamilton Rating Scale. Predictors included demographic, clinical, and genetic variables (at 0 weeks) and measures of symptom severity (at 0, 2, 4, and 6 weeks). Longitudinal descriptors extracted with growth curves and topological data analysis were used to inform prediction of remission. Repeated assessments produced gradual and drug‐specific improvements in predictive performance. By Week 4, models' discrimination in all samples reached levels that might usefully inform treatment decisions (area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) = 0.777 for nortriptyline; AUC = 0.807 for escitalopram; AUC = 0.794 for combined sample). Decisions around switching or modifying treatments for depression can be informed by repeated symptom assessments collected during treatment, but not until 4 weeks after the start of treatment.
Simultaneous monitoring of epoxy value, hydroxyl value, and polymeric hydroxyl value during the ring opening of epoxidized soybean oils based on low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance coupled with chemometrics
Authors: Yan Fengdan , Li Wenlong , Ye Zihan , Peng Dan , Bi Yanlan , Li Jun
Published: October 2024

Low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance technique combined with chemometrics was employed to establish the quantitative models for rapidly monitoring the changes of indicators (hydroxyl value (OHV), epoxy value (EV), polymeric hydroxyl value (POHV, reflecting the degree of polyetherification)) during the ring opening of epoxidized soybean oils. Comprehensively considering the variations of peak retention times and peak areas of LF‐NMR spectra, OHVs of vegetable oils‐based polyols were divided into low OHV (LOHV, 1.7–91.9 mg KOH/g) group and high OHV (HOHV, 94.1–229.4 mg KOH/g) group. In both LOHV and HOHV groups, OHV presented good linearity with T2w, S23, and STotal of relaxation property with correlation coefficient of >0.90. EV and POHV also presented good linearity with relaxation property in both LOHV and HOHV groups. In LOHV group, data segment 1–1000 ms was taken with Deresolve, no preprocessing, and Deresolve as preprocessing methods for OHV, EV, and POHV, respectively, and partial least square (PLS) as the modeling method for all the three indicators, where RMSEPs of OHV, EV, and POHV models were 4.282, 0.114, and 4.061, respectively. In HOHV group, data segment 1–1000 ms was taken with no preprocessing as the preprocessing method and PLS as the modeling method for all the three indicators, where RMSEPs of OHV, EV, and POHV models were 3.117, 0.088, and 4.964, respectively. The established method will benefit polyol industry to online adjust the production parameters according to the monitoring results and achieve high‐quality of vegetable oils‐based polyols.
Preoperative Inflammatory Scores Do Not Accurately Predict Early Recurrence of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma After Resection: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: de Castro e Borges Filipe , Khajeh Elias , Nikbakhsh Rajan , Ribeiro Catarina , Maeurer Markus , Carvalho Carlos , Gonçalves Gil , Berchtold Christoph , Büchler Markus W. , Mehrabi Arianeb
Published: October 2024

Background

Disease recurrence after surgical resection for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma can affect more than 50% of patients in the first 12 months after resection. The goal of this current systematic review and meta‐analysis is to assess the ability of preoperative inflammatory scores to predict early recurrence after resection and to identify the best candidates for surgical resection.

Methods

Medline and Web of Science databases were searched for studies reporting inflammatory scores and oncological outcomes in patients with PDAC after curative‐intent resection. The systematic review revealed that the most common scores were modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS), Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI), platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR), neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and Systemic Immune‐Inflammation Index (SII). After, a meta‐analysis was performed to determine the prognostic value of these scores in early recurrence (12 months) after resection. A subgroup analysis was also carried out in patients who had upfront surgery and in those who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The ROBINS‐I tool was used to assess the risk of bias.

Results

The literature search retrieved 1864 articles, 16 of which were eligible for analysis. The included studies comprised 4460 patients. Nine studies reported outcomes for mGPS, four studies for PNI, seven studies for PLR, eight studies for NLR, and two studies for SII. In the meta‐analysis, mGPS, NLR, and PLR showed significantly higher rates of early recurrence in the high‐score groups compared to the low‐score groups. Analyzing the sensitivity and specificity of these scores showed no significant difference in their diagnostic accuracy (mGPS area under the curve [AUC] = 0.534; NLR AUC = 0.628, and PLR AUC = 0.607). High and low PNI and SII scores demonstrated similar rates of early recurrence.

Conclusion

mGPS, PNI, PLR, NLR, and SII scores did not show a suitable diagnostic accuracy to predict PDAC recurrence in the first 12 months after resection. Therefore, these inflammatory scores should not be used to select the best candidates or to preclude a possible surgical indication.
Venous Thromboembolism Risk Assessment in Inpatient and Ambulatory Otolaryngology Surgical Patients
Authors: Weitzman Rachel E. , Zhao Karena , Sclafani Matthew S. , Srinivasan Yashes , Stein Eli , Cole Arron , Sclafani Anthony P.
Published: October 2024

Objectives

Venous thromboembolic events (VTEs) are a leading cause of postoperative morbidity, prolonged hospital stay, and increased cost. Recommendations for mechano‐ and chemoprophylaxis are currently based on the 2005 Caprini score, a screening tool developed to identify patients at risk for VTE. The Caprini risk assessment model (RAM) was designed for surgical impatients and has been tested in a number of surgical fields, including otolaryngology. However, the vast majority of otolaryngology cases are performed as ambulatory surgery. Simpler RAMs include the COBRA scoring system and Pannucci‐NSQIP. Here, we evaluate risk stratification of otolaryngology surgical patients and correlate the findings of these three RAMs.

Study Design

Retrospective chart review.

Methods

A retrospective chart review of 869 patients undergoing surgery by Weill Cornell faculty otolaryngologists between June and December 2022 was performed. Patient demographics, VTE risk factors, admission status, surgical subservice, and postoperative events were collected, and RAM scores were calculated for each patient. Wilcoxon and Kruskal–Wallis rank‐sum tests were utilized to assess differences in VTE risk scores based on type of procedure and admission status, and Spearman's correlation was utilized to assess agreement between the three different scoring systems. Multivariate linear regressions were utilized to assess variables that impacted the Caprini, COBRA, and NSQIP RAMs.

Results

In total, two patients developed postoperative venous thromboembolism. Furthermore, there is a strong positive correlation between Caprini and COBRA RAMs (even when broken down by admission status, although it weakens in the inpatient population). There is a moderate positive correlation between Caprini and Pannucci‐NSQIP in the full cohort, but that correlation is lost in the inpatient population.

Conclusions

Otolaryngology surgical patients are at low risk of postoperative VTE. Caprini, Pannucci‐NSQIP, and COBRA RAMs correlate well in determining ambulatory patients at risk for postoperative VTE and shorter, simpler RAMS such as COBRA and Pannucci‐NSQIP can be used instead of Caprini RAM.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 2024
Hot Spot Induced Thermal Runaway Map for Polymerization Reactors
Authors: Yoder Elijah , Strasser Wayne , Kacinski Robert , Jones Braden
Published: October 2024

Low‐Density Polyethylene (LDPE) reactors have the potential for rupture because of thermal runaway from auto‐accelerating chemistry. Pockets of unmixed, highly reactive, LDPE constituents, called hot spots, are often generated by conditions within the reactor and are the main source of thermal runaway. Because of this, there is a need to define thresholds of hot spot conditions that produce runaway. Computational Fluid Dynamics is used to study an isolated LDPE sphere with varying initial temperature, initial catalyst concentration, and volume to determine which combinations promote thermal runaway. It is found that increasing both initial temperature and initial catalyst concentration increased thermal runaway likelihood, while, counter‐intuitively, hot spot volume has no effect. An LDPE runaway map is provided to quantify the combinations that result in safe reactor operation. This allows manufacturers to make more informed control actions and to determine safe reactor conditions based on local mixture composition and temperature alone.
Revealing the Response of Structure and Decomposition Behaviors of 1, 1′‐Azobis‐1, 2, 3‐Triazole to Pressure: A Theoretical Study
Authors: Guo Zhi‐Ming , Gang Xi , Jia Xian‐Zhen
Published: October 2024

1, 1′‐azobis‐1, 2, 3‐triazole (C4H4N8, N8) is a novel nitrogen‐rich energetic material with excellent detonation performance, which has received widespread interest. Inspired by recent theories and experiments, the dependence of structural, vibrational, and electronic properties on high pressure up to 10 GPa was systematically investigated using periodic DFT calculations. It was found that the optimized structure belonged to the cis‐N8 structure through comparing the theoretical IR with experimental IR spectra. The third‐order Birch–Murnaghan equation of state for N8 was obtained up to 10 GPa, where the bulk modulus and its pressure derivative were 10.91 GPa and 7.689, respectively. More importantly, the pressure dependence of Laplacian bond order indicated that the five‐membered ring opening was the first step in the decomposition process, and that high pressure could inhibit the decomposition process of N8 due to the reinforcement of non‐covalent interactions. The present work could deepen the understanding of the energetic materials N8 under high pressure, and is of great significance to the blasting and detonation applications of N8.
Research on Adsorption of Heavy Metal Ions by Polysaccharide Hydrogels
Authors: Liu Sen , Cai Yuting , Du Mingjing , Liu Jiahui , Zhang Xinbin , Yuan Huizheng , Xu Zhiwei , Chen Xiangyan , Kan Xinyuan , Zhang Shaohua , Zhong Linlin , Ma Songmei
Published: October 2024

In recent years, various industrial and agricultural problems have been highlighted, and the pollution of heavy metal ions to water bodies has become a considerable serious phenomenon. Adsorption method is an efficient, low‐cost, and easy to implement method for removing heavy metal ions, which does not produce secondary pollution, and has been widely used in water treatment. Polysaccharides are natural polymers, and their hydroxyl, carboxyl, and amine groups provide feasibility for the synthesis of hydrogels with various structures. The synthesized polysaccharide hydrogel has the characteristics of high adsorption capacity, specific adsorption, nontoxic, and so on. In this review, the kinds of polysaccharide hydrogels and different synthesis methods were discussed first. Then, the adsorption mechanism and different adsorption modes of polysaccharide hydrogels were reviewed. Finally, the effects of different environmental factors on the adsorption capacity of polysaccharide hydrogel were studied. The future research on the adsorption of heavy metal ions by polysaccharide hydrogels was proposed.
Vergleichende Analyse
Authors: Staub Sabina
Published: October 2024

In diesem Kapitel erfolgt eine Gegenüberstellung der beiden im vorangehenden Kapitel dargestellen Fälle, der Kindergartenlehrerinnen Sandra Sommer und Dora Dünki. Der Fokus liegt dabei auf den Anerkennungsverhältnissen zwischen den Kindergartenlehrerinnen und den Kindern. Dazu werden die Ergebnisse aus der Videointerpretationen verglichen, wobei die Rekonstruktionen entlang der für die Anerkennungsverhältnisse relevanten Kontexte strukturiert werden: der Umgang mit Aufträgen und dem Spiel- und Lernangebot sowie die Herstellung einer Verbindung zum Unterrichtsgegenstand. Im Anschluss erfolgt ein Vergleich der Ergebnisse aus den Interviewinterpretationen. Hierbei werden die Konstruktionen der Kindergartenkinder in Abhängigkeit von ihrem Entwicklungsstand und als zukünftige Erwachsene betrachtet. Abschließend werden die Erkenntnisse aus den Video- und Interviewinterpretationen zusammengeführt, wobei die Herstellung einer generationalen Ordnung als Rahmen dient.
Cardiogenic Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Infants with Congenital Heart Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Asztalos Ivor B. , Hill Stephanie N. , Nash Dustin B. , Schachtner Susan K. , Palm Kelsey J.
Published: October 2024

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a known cause of morbidity and mortality in infants with congenital heart disease (CHD), but reports about the burden of cardiogenic NEC frequently conflict. To synthesize the extant literature on the incidence, risk factors, and prognosis of NEC in patients with CHD. Medline, Cochrane, and EMBASE were searched from 1946 through 2023 for studies of NEC in infants 0–12 months of age with CHD. Risk of bias was assessed with validated tools for incidence and risk factors. Pooled estimates were meta-analyzed by risk of bias or synthesized without meta-analysis. Eighty-six studies with a total of 67,924 participants were included. The incidence of cardiogenic NEC was 7.1% (95% CI 4.7–10.5%) in term infants and 13.0% (10.2–16.5%) in low birthweight preterm infants. NEC required surgery in 0.8% (0.5–1.1%) of term and 2.7% (2.0–3.7%) of premature infants, respectively. Only gestational age and birth weight were consistently associated with risk of NEC. Restricting pooled estimates to studies of moderate or low risk of bias significantly reduced the number of studies included. Necrotizing enterocolitis is a common cause of morbidity in infants with CHD, but additional research is needed to determine which infants are at highest risk of developing NEC and would benefit most from a change in management. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted according to a prespecified protocol registered at the Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42021282114).
Early remission of deliberate self-harm predicts emotion regulation capacity in adulthood: 12.4 years follow-up of a randomized controlled trial of adolescents with repeated self-harm and borderline features
Authors: Dibaj Iselin Solerød , Tørmoen Anita Johanna , Klungsøyr Ole , Morken Katharina Teresa Enehaug , Haga Egil , Dymbe Kine Johansen , Mehlum Lars
Published: October 2024

Emotion regulation capacity, critical for adult functioning and mental health, develops strongly during adolescence in healthy individuals. Deficits in emotion regulation is often referred to as emotion dysregulation [ED] and is associated with various mental health problems, including repeated deliberate self-harm [DSH] which peaks in adolescence. Dialectical Behaviour Therapy for adolescents [DBT-A] systematically targets ED through strategies such as changing coping behaviours and has previously been shown to effectively induce DSH remission in adolescents. However, whether such remission is associated with improved emotion regulation capacity in adulthood, and whether this effect is mediated by changes in use of coping strategies has not been previously studied. Prospective long-term follow-up study of an RCT comparing DBT-A with enhanced usual care [EUC] for adolescents presenting to community child and adolescent psychiatric outpatient clinics with borderline personality features and repeated self-harm. Assessments included both structured interviews and self-report at baseline and 1.6, 3.1 and 12.4 years follow-up. In the final follow-up, adult ED was measured and data were collected for 61 (80%) of the original 77 participants. DSH remission was assessed at 1.6 years follow-up, and use of coping strategies at 3.1 and 12.4 years follow-ups. A mediation analysis was conducted within a causal inference framework. Both treatment groups increased their use of functional coping skills from adolescence to adulthood, while only DBT-A was associated with decreases in dysfunctional coping. There was a direct effect of DSH remission 1 year after treatment on adult ED, particularly for participants who did not receive DBT-A. There was a negative association between reductions in dysfunctional coping and adult ED, however this did not mediate the effect of DSH remission. This is the first study to report that early DSH remission in adolescence predicted lower ED in adulthood. These results highlight the importance of early DSH remission and provides new insight into the long-term relationship between DSH and ED. Clinical trial registration information: “Treatment for Adolescents with Deliberate Self-harm”; http://ClinicalTrials.gov/;NCT00675129