bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Review of Lithium as a Strategic Resource for Electric Vehicle Battery Production: Availability, Extraction, and Future Prospects
Authors: Vega-Muratalla Victor Osvaldo , Ramírez-Márquez César , Lira-Barragán Luis Fernando , Ponce-Ortega José María
Published: October 2024

This article presents a comprehensive review of lithium as a strategic resource, specifically in the production of batteries for electric vehicles. This study examines global lithium reserves, extraction sources, purification processes, and emerging technologies such as direct lithium extraction methods. This paper also explores the environmental and social impacts of lithium extraction, emphasizing the need for sustainable and ethical practices within the supply chain. As electric vehicles are projected to account for over 60% of new car sales by 2030, the demand for high-performance batteries will persist, with lithium playing a key role in this transition, even with the development of alternatives to lithium-ion batteries, such as sodium and ammonium-based technologies. However, there is an urgent need for technological advancements to reduce the environmental impact of lithium production and lithium-ion battery manufacturing. Additionally, ensuring the safety of LiBs during both use and recycling stages is critical to sustainable EV adoption. This study concludes that advancements in battery recycling and the development of new technologies are essential to improving safety, reducing costs, and minimizing environmental impacts, thereby securing a sustainable lithium supply and supporting the future of electric mobility.
Total Least Squares In-Field Identification for MEMS-Based Inertial Measurement Units
Authors: Duchi Massimo , Ida’ Edoardo
Published: October 2024

Inertial Measurement Units are widely used in various applications and, hardware-wise, they primarily consist of a tri-axial accelerometer and a tri-axial gyroscope. For low-end commercial employments, the low cost of the device is crucial: this makes MEMS-based sensors a popular choice in this context. However, MEMS-based transducers are prone to significant, non-uniform and environmental-condition-dependent systematic errors, that require frequent re-calibration to be eliminated. To this end, identification methods that can be performed in-field by non-expert users, without the need for high-precision or costly equipment, are of particular interest. In this paper, we propose an in-field identification procedure based on the Total Least Squares method for both tri-axial accelerometers and gyroscopes. The proposed identification model is linear and requires no prior knowledge of the parameters to be identified. It enables accelerometer calibration without the need for specific reference surface orientation relative to Earth’s gravity and allows gyroscope calibration to be performed independently of accelerometer data, without requiring the sensor’s sensitive axes to be aligned with the rotation axes during calibration. Experiments conducted on NXP sensors FXOS8700CQ and FXAS21002 demonstrated that using parameters identified by our method reduced cross-validation standard deviations by about two orders of magnitude compared to those obtained using manufacturer-provided parameters. This result indicates that our method enables the effective calibration of IMU sensor parameters, relying only on simple 3D-printed equipment and significantly improving IMU performance at minimal cost.
Risk Factors for Developing Occupational Back Pain in Electronics Industry Workers: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Chaiklieng Sunisa , Suggaravetsiri Pornnapa , Pruktharathikul Vichai
Published: October 2024

Back pain is an occupation-related problem among workforces. This cross-sectional study aimed to identify the prevalence of back pain and the risk factors of occupational back pain among workers in the electronics industry. In total, 354 electronics workers in Thailand participated in the study. Data were collected using the Musculoskeletal Disorders Severity and Frequency Questionnaire, the Job Content Questionnaire, and ergonomics risk assessment via the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA). Risk factors of back pain were identified by multiple logistic regression analysis, providing adjusted odds ratios (ORadj) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). The study found that most workers were operators (92.09%) and had repetitive work (83.62%). A high ergonomics risk was observed in workers who stood during work (68.49%) and operated machines (71.70%). The 1-month prevalence of developing back pain was 20.62% and the significant factors correlated with back pain were low levels of job control and decision-making (ORadj = 2.26; 95% CI [1.26, 4.05]), lack of exercise (ORadj = 8.30; 95% CI [1.35, 24.28]), repetitive work (ORadj = 2.94; 95% CI [1.19, 7.29]), and high ergonomic risk level (ORadj = 2.81; 95% CI [1.16, 5.07]). These findings suggest that measures should be implemented by empowering electronics workers to make decisions and control their jobs, as well as promoting health through muscle-stretching exercise, to support back pain prevention.
The Socialization of Meritocracy and Market Justice Preferences at School
Authors: Castillo Juan Carlos , Salgado Mauricio , Carrasco Kevin , Laffert Andreas
Published: October 2024

Previous research has shown that schools often justify student performance differences using meritocratic ideals. One potential consequence of such ideals is the legitimization of outcome inequalities across various spheres, including those traditionally associated with equality and redistribution. In this study, we argue that the promotion of meritocratic values during school age can shape students’ beliefs about meritocracy and influence their views on market-based access to health, pensions, and education. Using data from the 2017 National Study of Civic Education in Chile, which includes 5047 eighth-grade students from 231 schools, we estimated a series of multilevel models (lme4 library, R version 4.1.3) to test our hypotheses. Our findings show that a significant proportion of Chilean students agree with market justice principles—more so than adults. Most students endorse meritocratic views, particularly the notion that effort should be rewarded, which strongly correlates with market justice preferences: students who believe in meritocracy are more likely to justify inequalities based on financial capacity. At the school level, market justice preferences are higher in high-status schools but lower in schools with higher academic achievement. Furthermore, the conditional influence of meritocratic beliefs diminishes in schools with higher socioeconomic status and performance levels. These results suggest that the association between meritocratic beliefs and market justice preferences is already established at school age and is shaped by the school environment.
Human Trafficking of Boys and Young Men: A Systematic Literature Review of Impacts on Mental Health and Implications for Services in Post-Trafficking Settings
Authors: Nodzenski Marie , de Smalen Allard W. , Pocock Nicola S. , Kavenagh Mark , Kiss Ligia , Buller Ana Maria
Published: October 2024

The share of boys and men among detected victims of human trafficking is increasing globally, yet there is limited evidence on the specific experiences of these populations. The knowledge gap on mental health outcomes and support needs is particularly salient, which is problematic given the importance of psychological and emotional stabilisation in promoting recovery and avoiding re-victimisation. This systematic review reports on mental health outcomes identified in boys and young men who have experienced human trafficking. By describing the implications for services, the review seeks to identify challenges and opportunities in accessing and delivering mental health care and support to this population in post-trafficking settings. The review includes 31 papers published in English after 2000 and identified through database and grey literature searches. Despite significant limitations, such as a lack of gender-disaggregated results and imbalanced sample composition, which limit the possibility of extracting male-specific findings, the review highlights several mental health symptoms commonly described in the literature (e.g., depression, anxiety, PTSD, lack of self-esteem, lack of self-control). Regarding mental health care support, the review further identifies challenges specific to boys and young men (e.g., poor identification as trafficking victims) and challenges that disproportionately impact this population (e.g., confidentiality concerns; reluctance to seek help; trust issues).
The Role of Companionship in Volunteer Homelessness Support Services: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Taylor Helen , Dawson Henry
Published: October 2024

Drawing on developments in the application of occupational science to issues of homelessness and tenancy sustainability, this paper will argue for the recognition of authentic, everyday relationships as a core part of tenancy support. Data from a small-scale evaluation of a volunteer-led homelessness support service will be explored through a framework of social support to show the importance of companionship in enabling individuals to exit homelessness. The data show that individuals valued the provision of social support from volunteers in everyday locations, as it replicated authentic relationships which individuals had sometimes lost through their experiences of homelessness. This paper argues that the facilitation of authentic, everyday relationships should be considered an important part of homelessness support.
First Capture of the Deep-Sea Careproctus bathycoetus (Liparidae) a Century After the Fish Was Described (North Pacific)—Revised Diagnosis and Notes on Ecology
Authors: Chernova Natalia V. , Thiel Ralf
Published: October 2024

The deep-sea snailfish Careproctus bathycoetus Gilbert et Burke, 1912 was described a century ago from a single specimen caught at a depth of 3292 m in the Kuril Basin (southern Sea of Okhotsk, western North Pacific). Until now, it was known from the holotype only. Therefore, the capture of another specimen is of great interest and provides new data on the morphology and ecology of the species. The second known specimen was collected by the international expedition “SohoBio” (2015) at a depth of 3305 m in the Kuril Basin near the type locality. This study provides a description of a rare fish, which allows us to improve the diagnosis of the species. Differences from other deep-sea snailfishes from the North Pacific Ocean are also given. At a depth of 3292–3305 m, the species lives in extreme conditions: complete darkness, temperature at about 1.9 °C, water pressure about 3300 ton/m2, low oxygen concentration, and low biomass of prey. Related Careproctus species can most likely be found in the abyssal depths of the neighboring Kuril–Kamchatka Trench.
Exploring Silica Nanoparticles: A Sustainable Solution for Pest Control in Sri Lankan Rice Farming
Authors: Wang Zeyu , Thavarajah Nirusha , Fernando Xavier
Published: October 2024

Rice cultivation stands as a cornerstone of Sri Lanka’s economy, serving as a vital source of employment for rural communities. However, the constraints of limited land availability have prompted an escalating dependence on agrochemicals, notably for pest management, thereby posing significant threats to human health and the environment. This review delves into the exploration of silica nanoparticles as a promising eco-friendly substitute for conventional pesticides in the context of Sri Lankan rice farming. It comprehensively examines various aspects, including the synthesis methods of silica nanoparticles, their encapsulation with synthetic pesticides, and an evaluation of their efficacy in pest control. Furthermore, it sheds light on the innovative utilization of agricultural waste such as rice husk and straw in the production of silica-based nanopesticides. This approach not only demonstrates a shift towards sustainable agricultural practices but also aligns with the principles of green chemistry and circular economy, offering a holistic solution to the challenges faced by the rice farming sector in Sri Lanka.
PM2.5 Exposure as a Risk Factor for Optic Nerve Health in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Yuan Tianyi , Cheng Minna , Ma Yingyan , Zou Haidong , Kan Haidong , Meng Xia , Guo Yi , Peng Ziwei , Xu Yi , Lu Lina , Ling Saiguang , Dong Zhou , Wang Yuheng , Yang Qinping , Xu Wenli , Shi Yan , Liu Cong , Lin Senlin
Published: October 2024

(1) Objective: This study investigated the relationship between long-term particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure and optic disc parameters—vertical cup-to-disc ratio (vCDR), vertical optic disc diameter (vDD), and vertical optic cup diameter (vCD)—in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). (2) Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from 65,750 T2DM patients in the 2017–2018 Shanghai Cohort Study of Diabetic Eye Disease (SCODE). Optic disc parameters were extracted from fundus images, and PM2.5 exposure was estimated using a random forest model incorporating satellite and meteorological data. Multivariate linear regression models were applied, adjusting for confounders including age, gender, body mass index, blood pressure, glucose, time of T2DM duration, smoking, drinking, and physical exercise. (3) Results: A 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 exposure was associated with significant reductions in vCDR (−0.008), vDD (−42.547 μm), and vCD (−30.517 μm) (all p-values < 0.001). These associations persisted after sensitivity analyses and adjustments for other pollutants like O3 and NO2. (4) Conclusions: Long-term PM2.5 exposure is associated with detrimental changes in optic disc parameters in patients with T2DM, suggesting possible optic nerve atrophy. Considering the close relationship between the optic nerve and the central nervous system, these findings may also reflect broader neurodegenerative processes.
Health Risk Assessment for Potential Toxic Elements in the Soil and Rice of Typical Paddy Fields in Henan Province
Authors: Jiang Yuling , Guo Hao , Chen Keying , Fei Xiaowei , Li Mengzhen , Ma Jianhua , He Weichun
Published: October 2024

The accumulation of potential toxic elements in agricultural soil and rice is of particular concern in China. However, studies on the risk assessment of these elements in regional soil–rice systems remain limited. The aim of this study is to evaluate the pollution status and potential health risk of potential toxic elements in typical paddy soil and rice in Henan Province. A total of 80 soil samples and corresponding rice samples were collected to determine the contents of Cd, Pb, As, Cr, Cu, Zn, and Ni, and to assess their potential health risks to local consumers. Results showed that the average contents of these elements in soils were below the national risk screening values in GB15618-2018. Only the average content of Cr in rice exceeded the limit in GB 2762-2022 specified by the national food safety standard. The rates of exceeding the limits for Cd, Pb, As, and Cr in rice samples were 13.89%, 15.28%, 15.28%, and 27.78%, respectively. The health risk assessment indicated that rice intake for both adults and children caused carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks to varying degrees. Local residents are advised to purchase rice from outside the study area to meet their daily needs and strictly regulate the pollution of potential toxic elements within the area.
A Novel Method for Obtaining the Electrical Model of Lithium Batteries in a Fully Electric Ultralight Aircraft
Authors: Salas-Cardona Jesús A. , Posada-Montoya José A. , Saldarriaga-Zuluaga Sergio D. , Muñoz-Galeano Nicolas , López-Lezama Jesús M.
Published: October 2024

This article introduces a novel approach for developing an electrical model of the lithium batteries used in an electric ultralight aircraft. Currently, no method exists in the technical literature for accurately modeling the electrical characteristics of batteries in an electric aircraft, making this study a valuable contribution to the field. The proposed method was validated with an all-electric ultralight aircraft designed and constructed at the Pascual Bravo University Institution. To build the detailed model, a kinematic analysis was first conducted through takeoff tests, where data on the speed, acceleration, time, and distance required for takeoff were collected, along with measurements of the current and power consumed by the batteries. The maximum speed and acceleration of the aircraft were also recorded. These kinematic results were obtained using two batteries made from Samsung INR-18650-35E lithium-ion cells, and different wing configurations of the aircraft were analyzed to assess their impacts on the battery energy consumption. Additionally, the discharge cycles of the batteries were evaluated. In the second phase, laboratory tests were performed on the individual battery cells, and the Peukert coefficient was estimated based on the experimental data. Finally, using the Peukert coefficient and the kinematic results from the takeoff tests, the electrical model of the battery was fine tuned. This model allows for the creation of charging and discharging equations for ultralight lithium batteries. With the final electrical model and energy consumption data during takeoff, it becomes possible to determine the energy usage and flight range of an electric aircraft. The model indicated that the aircraft did not require a long distance to takeoff, as it reached the necessary takeoff speed in a very short time. The equations used to simulate the discharge cycles of the batteries and lithium cells accurately described their energy capacities.
High-Resolution Wind Speed Estimates for the Eastern Mediterranean Basin: A Statistical Comparison Against Coastal Meteorological Observations
Authors: Hadjipetrou Stylianos , Kyriakidis Phaedon
Published: October 2024

Wind speed (and direction) estimated from numerical weather prediction (NWP) models is essential to wind energy applications, especially in the absence of reliable fine scale spatio-temporal wind information. This study evaluates four high-resolution wind speed numerical datasets (UERRA MESCAN-SURFEX, CERRA, COSMO-REA6, and NEWA) against in situ observations from coastal meteorological stations in the eastern Mediterranean basin. The evaluation is based on statistical comparisons of long-term wind speed data from 2009 to 2018 and involves an in-depth statistical comparison as well as a preliminary wind power density assessment at or near the meteorological station locations. The results show that while all datasets provide valuable insights into regional wind variability, there are notable differences in model performance. COSMO-REA6 and UERRA exhibit higher variability in wind speed but tend to underestimate extreme values, particularly in the southern coastal areas, whereas CERRA and NEWA provided closer fits to observed wind speeds, with CERRA showing the highest correlation at most stations. NEWA data, where available, overestimate average wind speeds but capture extreme values well. The comparison reveals that while all datasets provide valuable insights into the spatial and temporal variability of wind resources, their performance varies by location and season, emphasizing the need for the careful selection and potential calibration of these models for accurate wind energy assessments. The study provides essential groundwork for leveraging these datasets in planning and optimizing offshore wind energy projects, contributing to the region’s transition to renewable energy sources.
Can Game-Based Learning Help to Increase the Awareness of Water Management in Uganda? A Case Study for Primary and Secondary Schools
Authors: Nalumenya Brian , Rubinato Matteo , Kennedy Michael , Catterson Jade
Published: October 2024

In the Ugandan curriculum, theoretical teaching predominates in conveying water-related topics due to its efficiency and low resource requirements. However, this teacher-centred approach limits student interaction and collaborative learning. Conversely, game-based learning can enhance social skills, critical thinking, and engagement, yet it remains underutilised in Ugandan education. To address this gap, this study developed three educational games: Water Conservation Snakes and Ladders (WCSL), Water Awareness Quartet Cards (WAQC), and Water Pollution Puzzle (WPP). These games were implemented in four schools—three primary and one secondary—where students engaged in competitive, team-based play. The impact of these games on learning outcomes was assessed through pre- and post-test questionnaires. Descriptive and thematic analysis indicated a significant positive effect, with WAQC showing a 25% greater influence on performance than WCSL (18%) and WPP (14%). The findings also underscored the importance of age in determining game acceptability and enjoyment. To enhance education on water-related issues, it is recommended that these topics be integrated into both Science and Social Studies curricula and taught consistently across academic terms. Ultimately, the Ugandan government should consider incorporating game-based learning strategies into schools to improve student engagement and learning in water resource management.
Taxation of e-commerce in the USA and other countries
Authors:   Russian University Friendship of Peoples Patrice Lumumba, Moscow, Verkholetov A. A.
Published: October 2024

The relevance of the topic of taxation of electronic commerce in the USA is due to the changes that are taking place in the global economy. The article examines the taxation system in the USA and other countries.
Incidencia de la tecnología fiscal y la recaudación de Impuestos a la renta de la Tercera categoría en Perú
Authors: Solis Vera Paul Martin
Published: October 2024

La digitalización ha transformado radicalmente diversos sectores, y la administración tributaria no es la excepción. El objetivo del estudio es analizar la Incidencia de la tecnología fiscal y la recaudación de Impuestos a la renta de la Tercera categoría en el distrito de Chiclayo, Perú. El enfoque seleccionado es mixto, de tipo descriptivo, el diseño es de campo. Se aplicó la técnica de revisión documental. La muestra de estudio estuvo compuesta por miembros de la Administración Tributaria. Los resultados revelan que el uso de la tecnología fiscal ha mejorado la recaudación en Chiclayo, pero la evasión sigue siendo un problema. Se concluye que, la digitalización de los procesos tributarios ha tenido un impacto positivo en la recaudación del Impuesto a la Renta de Tercera Categoría, pero revela desafíos como la resistencia al cambio y la falta de infraestructura tecnológica. Se precisa invertir en la capacitación de funcionarios y en la mejora de los sistemas tecnológicos.
Gestión logística para optimizar la eficiencia en empresas de perforación de pozos en Talara
Authors: Castro Suyon Jeferson Brayam , Chunga Zeta Johnny Junior
Published: October 2024

La industria de la perforación de pozos, sector estratégico en la economía global, se encuentra en constante evolución. La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo diseñar un sistema de gestión logístico para mejorar la eficiencia de las operaciones de la empresa en estudio. Se trabajó con un enfoque cuantitativo, tipo de investigación aplicada con un diseño no experimental dentro de una modalidad de campo, descriptiva, la población abarca la empresa en estudio y la muestra está conformada por un total de 16 trabajadores. Se emplearon las técnicas de la entrevista, la observación y el análisis documental. Para determinar la eficiencia de la empresa se analizaron el registro de datos de 15 pozos obteniendo un resultado del 93,2%, un valor regular de lo admitido por parte de las concesionarias, se diseñaron estrategias de mejora las cuales consistieron en realizar una clasificación ABC multicriterio. Se concluye el diseño de un sistema de gestión logística es económicamente factible.
Diseño de un sistema distribuido para gestión de OLT
Authors: Peliza Carlos , Alfaro Leandro
Published: October 2024

En Argentina, las PYME operan con un ajustado sistema de costos que, en entornos de competencia, debe buscar la reducción constante. El objetivo es proponer un sistema distribuido para gestión de OLT. Se enmarca en un enfoque mixto y tipo proyectiva y se adopta un diseño descriptivo. Se llevó a cabo un diagnóstico inicial y una revisión documental. La metodología empleada incluyó un diagnóstico basado en una revisión bibliográfica. Los resultados identificaron una demanda insatisfecha en el mercado por sistemas de gestión intuitivos, escalables y adaptados a las necesidades específicas de las PYME ISP. Las empresas buscan herramientas que les permitan optimizar sus operaciones, mejorar la atención al cliente y reducir costos. Las conclusiones delinean un modelo de desarrollo diseñado para satisfacer las necesidades específicas de las PYME ISP en la gestión de redes FTTH. Este modelo, enriquecido por los aportes teóricos y técnicos de la academia, garantiza una solución personalizada y adaptable a las particularidades del sector.
La naturaleza como sujeto de derechos en la Constitución Ecuatoriana
Authors: Garate Amoroso Julio , Olivares Checa Hanny , Vera Bermello Fabian , Rocafuerte Zambrano Olga
Published: October 2024

La naturaleza como sujeto de derechos es un concepto emergente que ha ganado atención en el ámbito legal y ambiental. El objetivo de este articulo es analizar la naturaleza como sujeto de derechos en la Constitución Ecuatoriana. Metodológicamente, el tipo de investigación empleado para el estudio fue documental, bibliográfica utilizando todo material escrito relacionado con el tema de estudio, el alcance de la investigación es de tipo descriptivo. La muestra quedo constituida por los documentos legales que tienen características sobre la Constitución de Ecuador (2008). Los resultados versan sobre la existencia de derechos específicos reconocidos, donde prevalece el derecho a la existencia, es decir, se reconoce el derecho de la naturaleza a que se respete integralmente su existencia. Se concluye que, la Constitución establece varios derechos específicos para la naturaleza, incluyendo el derecho a la existencia, a la restauración y a la protección de sus ciclos vitales.
Analysis of behavioral factors in management accounting research
Authors: Abbasova S.
Published: October 2024

The adoption of accounting as a social science suggests that subsequent development is associated with both the study of its role in real social and institutional contexts, and the study of behavioral factors of the activities of those responsible for the development of professional accounting judgments of persons and managers making decisions based on accounting information. However, today researchers do not fully assess the actual problem of studying the behavioral (behavioral) aspects of the activities of accounting specialists as significant factors affecting the functioning of the accounting and analytical system of any organization. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the need to assess the impact of behavioral factors on the effectiveness of the organization and development of management accounting, in the context of its interdisciplinarity. In this regard, the article, to a certain extent, examines the features of behavioral factors in accounting that form its interdisciplinarity; substantiates the necessity and justification of a behavioristic approach in management accounting; reveals the influence of emotional and psychological qualities of an accountant on the organization of the accounting process, the activities of the accounting service, the formation of accounting policy.
Comparative institutional analysis of the banking systems of Russia and Belarus: a transactional approach
Authors: Bitkina I.
Published: October 2024

This study presents the results of a comparative institutional analysis of the banking systems of Russia and Belarus based on a transactional approach. These countries were chosen as the object of research for reasons of common factors of historical development, the degree of integration interaction between countries, as well as the availability of common approaches to financial regulation. It is shown that despite the similarity of the evolutionary development of the banking systems of Russia and Belarus, the modern credit markets of these countries differ in such parameters as the powers of the central bank, the degree of competition between banking and non-banking financial markets, the functional purpose and institutional structure of the second level of the national banking system.
Post-pandemic impact on a private University in Malaysia: adapting strategies for sustainable education in chemistry
Authors: Chong Sheau Huey , Wong Pei Ying
Published: October 2024

The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic marked an unprecedented disruption in global education systems, affecting a vast population of approximately 1.6 billion learners across over 200 countries. Specifically, within Malaysia, where private universities hold a significant role in shaping the educational sphere, the pandemic brought about notable shifts in higher education. This research focuses on the post-pandemic impact on a private university situated in the Malaysian capital, focusing on transformations in teaching and learning approaches, student engagement, and technological integration in chemistry education. Through an in-depth analysis of diverse data sources from students and literatire review,  this study aims to shed light on the challenges faced by the teaching and learning process in chemistry and the strategies employed to mitigate the adverse effects. In addition, the study also discusses the potential long-term transformations in higher education that may persist beyond the pandemic and offers recommendations to ensure the resilience and adaptability of private universities in Malaysia. Understanding the post-pandemic impact on private universities is crucial for formulating effective policies and strategies to enhance the quality and accessibility of higher education in the evolving educational landscape.
Revealing Gender Disparities in Urban Green Space Utilization Using Mobile Phone Data
Authors: Huang Xiankai , Yang Qijun , Gu Dandan , Zhang Xiaoyuan , Wang Jiahong , Zheng Yaomin , Zhang Xun , Feng Yongheng , Shi Jinlian , Yang Hongbo
Published: October 2024

Urban green spaces (UGSs), such as parks and gardens, are vital for the health and well-being of city residents. However, unequal access to and utilization of UGS can impede social cohesion and sustainable development of cities. While many studies have investigated inequalities in accessibility to UGSs across various demographic groups, gender inequality in actual utilization of UGSs has received little attention largely due to the lack of data to reliably track UGS utilization by urban residents. Here, we leveraged the capacity of mobile phone data to track the movement of a large population and assessed the gender disparities in the utilization of UGSs among more than 77,000 residents residing in 2 populous communities in Beijing. We found that men spent 11% more time in UGSs and visited them 6% more frequently than women. This gender disparity varied across different socioeconomic groups. The middle-aged group exhibited an up to 46.4% greater disparity than other age groups, while the higher-income group showed a 12.4% larger disparity than the lower-income group. Additionally, the resident group with normal commuting distances had a 52.8% higher gender disparity, and the resident group with regular working hours had a 110% greater disparity compared to their respective counterpart groups. These findings contributed to environmental justice research by revealing the complex gender disparity in UGS utilization. The approach developed in the study provides an efficient way for identifying disparities in the utilization of UGS and designing effective strategies accordingly to alleviate inequalities in our study area and beyond.
Leaf Biochemical and Physiological Responses to Elevated Atmospheric Ozone Concentration in Eight Modern Rice Cultivars
Authors: He Longxin , Bao Mingxu , Li Yi , Xu Yansen , Shao Zaisheng , Ma Yanze , Zhang Kun , Shang Bo , Feng Zhaozhong
Published: October 2024

This study investigated the effects of elevated O
3
level on photosynthetic traits and antioxidant systems of various rice genotypes under fully open-air conditions. Eight modern rice cultivars (
Oryza sativa
L.), including 4 hybrids and 4 inbreds, were exposed to 2 O
3
treatments: the ambient atmosphere (A-O
3
) and the 1.5 times ambient O
3
concentration (E-O
3
) throughout the reproductive period. The measurements of gas exchange, chlorophyll
a
fluorescence, photosynthetic pigments, lipid oxidation, antioxidant content, and antioxidant enzyme activity were conducted on the flag leaf during the early and late grain-filling periods. The results indicated that E-O
3
had differential effects on the photosynthesis and antioxidant indicators of rice genotypes. In the hybrid rice, the reduction in the light-saturated photosynthetic rate (
A
sat
) was primarily due to the nonstomatal factors, such as the changes in antioxidants, particularly ascorbate and carotenoids. In contrast, the reduction in
A
sat
levels in inbred rice was mainly due to the stomatal factors. Additionally, the hybrid rice was more sensitive to O
3
than the inbred rice, with the sensitivity determinants varying between types. The sensitivity of hybrid rice to O
3
was influenced by the magnitude of its antioxidant capacity, whereas the inbred rice sensitivity was determined by the stomatal conductance (
g
s
) and the antioxidant enzyme activity. The rice cultivars with higher antioxidant enzyme activities could help mitigate the damage caused by O
3
pollution. This study could provide valuable insights for screening the O
3
-tolerant rice cultivars and promoting the food security sustainability.
Unveiling the Power of Gut Microbiome in Predicting Neoadjuvant Immunochemotherapy Responses in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Liu Le , Liang Liping , Luo YingJie , Han Jimin , Lu Di , Cai RuiJun , Sethi Gautam , Mai Shijie
Published: October 2024

The role of the gut microbiome in enhancing the efficacy of anticancer treatments like chemotherapy and radiotherapy is well acknowledged. However, there is limited empirical evidence on its predictive capabilities for neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy (NICT) responses in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Our study fills this gap by comprehensively analyzing the gut microbiome’s influence on NICT outcomes. We analyzed 16
S
rRNA gene sequences from 136 fecal samples from 68 ESCC patients before and after NICT, along with 19 samples from healthy controls. After NICT, marked microbiome composition changes were noted, including a decrease in ESCC-associated pathogens and an increase in beneficial microbes such as
Limosilactobacillus
,
Lacticaseibacillus
, and
Staphylococcus.
Baseline microbiota profiles effectively differentiated responders from nonresponders, with responders showing higher levels of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria such as
Faecalibacterium
,
Eubacterium_eligens_group
,
Anaerostipes
, and
Odoribacter
, and nonresponders showing increases in
Veillonella
,
Campylobacter
,
Atopobium
, and
Trichococcus.
We then divided our patient cohort into training and test sets at a 4:1 ratio and utilized the XGBoost-RFE algorithm to identify 7 key microbial biomarkers—
Faecalibacterium
,
Subdoligranulum
,
Veillonella
,
Hungatella
,
Odoribacter
,
Butyricicoccus
, and
HT002.
A predictive model was developed using LightGBM, which achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 86.8% [95% confidence interval (CI), 73.8% to 99.4%] in the training set, 76.8% (95% CI, 41.2% to 99.7%) in the validation set, and 76.5% (95% CI, 50.4% to 100%) in the testing set. Our findings underscore the gut microbiome as a novel source of biomarkers for predicting NICT responses in ESCC, highlighting its potential to enhance personalized treatment strategies and advance the integration of microbiome profiling into clinical practice for modulating cancer treatment responses.
Evaluating the Correlation between the Teaching Performance of Primary School English Language Teachers and the Training they Received
Authors: Beshah Melese , Anshu Alemu Hailu
Published: October 2024

Teaching is a profession that requires its practitioners to be trained and certified. The training may take the form of pre-service or in-service. The teachers who pass through either of these modes of training are also required to possess ample and reasonable knowledge and skills of the subject matter they teach. In addition, the training that they take should focus on shaping their attitudes towards the teaching profession so that they can adapt, improve or change the reality they find in schools. In addition, they are expected to possess ample experiences of teaching.
Purpose. This explanatory study explored the relationship between the training that teacher trainees received at Kemissie College of Teachers Education in Ethiopia and their teaching practice at primary schools.
Methodology. The researchers collected the data for the study from pre-service teachers of the college using a questionnaire, interview, document analysis and classroom observations. A mixed approach was employed to collect and analyze the data.
The results show that some of the courses contribute less to helping the trainees develop the required competence to teach the subject. There are also neglected but relevant courses. In addition, the practicum program is not being run as it is intended to be run. The relationship between the training that the teachers received and the teaching practice at primary schools is not strong. Therefore, it is recommended that more relevant courses and contents should be given emphasis. The practicum program should also acquaint trainees with the reality at primary schools in order to attain the intended purpose of the program. Supervisors and mentors should also guide the trainees and help them progress in their profession.
Conclusion. This study found that the teacher training curriculum focuses on subject area knowledge, professional skills and teaching practices. These components are essential and helpful to train competent primary school teachers. The participants in the study revealed that some of the courses that they attended have contributed positively to their effective teaching of English at primary schools.
Exploring the Impact of Mobile Devices in E-Learning: A case Study Evaluating its Effectiveness
Authors: Ghoulam Khalid , Bouikhalene Belaid
Published: October 2024

Aim. The integration of mobile devices into educational environments has revolutionized the landscape of e-learning, presenting new opportunities and challenges. This research paper aims to examine the pivotal role of mobile devices in the e-learning environment and assess the effectiveness of mobile learning applications in enhancing the educational experience.
Methodology. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative data through surveys and usage analytics with qualitative insights derived from interviews and focus group discussions.
Results. By analyzing the perspectives of both educators and learners, the research investigates how mobile devices contribute to the flexibility and accessibility of e-learning content. Additionally, the paper evaluates the effectiveness of various mobile learning applications in promoting engagement, knowledge retention, and overall learning outcomes. It scrutinizes the features that contribute to the success of these applications, such as user interface design, interactivity, and adaptability to diverse learning styles. Furthermore, the research delves into the challenges associated with mobile learning, including issues related to device compatibility, connectivity, and user motivation. Strategies to overcome these challenges and optimize the benefits of mobile learning are explored. The findings of this study are expected to provide valuable insights for educators, curriculum designers, and developers of mobile learning applications.
Conclusion. The research contributes to the ongoing discourse on the effective integration of mobile devices in e-learning environments and offers recommendations for optimizing the design and implementation of mobile learning strategies.
Bullying Prevention at Schools in Ukraine
Authors: Kostikova Ilona , Guzenko Natalia
Published: October 2024

The purpose of the article is to inform high school students and teachers about the problem of preventing bullying and implementing anti-bullying measures at schools in Ukraine.
Methodology. Theoretical research methods were used in the article: systematization; comparison of issues related to bullying prevention; comparison of different author’ views regarding the implementation of anti-bullying measures; and analysis and generalization of scientific, educational, methodological, psychological, and pedagogical resources with the aim of systematizing approaches to bullying prevention.
Results. In order to deepen high school students’ knowledge of anti-bullying skills, we developed and offered two lessons for students. They are “Normative and legal documents on the prevention of bullying and responsibility for it”, “Foreign experience in preventing bullying”, as well as two workshops for teachers, they are “Guidance to teachers on the implementation of anti-bullying measures in Ukraine”, “Tips for teachers on bullying prevention according to the national programs”‎. We believe they will contribute to bullying prevention in Ukraine.
Conclusions. Conclusions regarding the effective bullying prevention in Ukrainian schools indicate the need for comprehensive, systematic work. The most effective are programs that cover all aspects of school life from creating a friendly and supportive environment to raising awareness among students, teachers, and parents about the bullying problem.
It is important to involve students in the process of bullying prevention through their participation, communication, and creation of student councils that help in conflict resolution. Building interaction and empathy skills among students helps to reduce the level of aggression and bullying. Systematic training for teachers about bullying prevention, as well as the inclusion of bullying topics in school programs, contribute to the development of a safe educational environment in schools. In order to prevent bullying effectively, it is important that students collaborate actively with teachers, parents, and local communities, ensuring that bullying is prevented and countered both inside and outside schools.
Teachers’ Views on the Importance of Critical Thinking Skills in Early Childhood Education in Tanzania
Authors: Kwambaza Clement
Published: October 2024

In the 21st century, critical thinking skills are essential for children in early childhood education, to help them in their learning and life in general. To cultivate and promote these skills in early childhood education, children need the support and guidance of their teachers. It is therefore imperitive to understand teachers’ views on the importance of critical thinking skills in early childhood education. The aim of this study is to address this question and explore teachers’ views on the importance of critical thinking skills in early childhood education in Dodoma, Tanzania.
Methodology. This study employed a qualitative research approach with a phenomenography research design. The total sample of the study was five informants, selected through purposive sampling technique. The study used in-depth interviews with pre-primary schoolteachers to elicit data on their views towards the importance of critical thinking skills in early childhood education in the Kongwa District of the Dodoma region. After the data collection process, the analysis was done using the Miles and Huberman Model (2014).
The findings demonstrate that critical thinking skills are important in early childhood education: they enhance children’s’ problem-solving abilities, their creativity and the foundations of learning; they foster intellectual development among children and they enhance their socialisation and language development. In conclusion, this study contributes to understanding teachers' views on the importance of critical thinking skills in early childhood education in Tanzania, and in other areas around the world.
Conclusion. Based on the importance of critical thinking skills in early childhood education, this study recommends the need to incorporate critical thinking skills into the core curriculum, across several subject areas in early childhood education by including activities that encourage and motivate children to think critically.
The Psychosocial Wellbeing of Children with Disabilities in Inclusive Secondary School Education Settings
Authors: Mbatt Ignasia Paskal , Philip Eugen Mtemi
Published: October 2024

Purpose. This study examined the psychosocial wellbeing of children with disabilities in inclusive secondary school education setting in Tanzania. The study particularly aimed to explore the psychosocial challenges which children with disabilities face in inclusive secondary school settings, leading to psycho-social impacts on their learning and wellbeing.
Methodology. The study employed a mixed methods approach, adopting a case study design. Interviews and questionnaires were used to collect data from 49 students with special needs, 7 special needs education teachers, and 35 regular teachers.
Results. The study findings revealed that teachers had low expectations on the academic performance of the students with disabilities, consequently rendering them little support in inclusive classrooms. Additionally, discrimination, stigmatisation were issues faced by students with disabilities in inclusive education settings which adversely affected their psychosocial wellbeing. The study recommends awareness creation among the students and regular teachers about the learning needs of children with disabilities in inclusive schools.
Conclusions. The study recommends providing regular teachers who are not knowledgeable about the academic needs of students with disabilities in inclusive education settings with training and providing psychosocial support to students with special needs in inclusive education contexts.