bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Family history in developmental dysplasia of the hip: should we follow-up?
Authors: AYDIN Sonay , FATİHOĞLU Erdem
Published: July 2019

Objectives:
Developmental dysplasia
of the hip (DDH) is an important problem. Ultrasonography (US) is a proper
method before 6 months of age. For older children, plain radiographs can be
useful. Six risk factors are emphasized: breech
presentation, female sex, a positive family history, being first-born, left hip
affected, and mode of delivery. In some centers, clinicians prefer to
perform a control US examination or pelvic radiographs after 6 months of age
for the children having a positive family history. We aimed to evaluate the
necessity of control US/direct radiography examinations. Methods: A total of 205 children with a positive family history for DDH are
included. US examinations are performed according to Graf’s method. We have
evaluated direct radiographs by using Hilgenreiner, Perkin, and Shenton lines,
acetabular angle. Results: Initial US examinations are performed at a median age
of 8.3 weeks. Seventy-four patients (36%) had a repeat ultrasound scan at a
median age of 7 months; none of them demonstrated abnormal findings. One hundred
and thirty-one patients (63.9%) had control radiographs at a median age of 8.2
months. Shenton line is considered as normal, and the upper femoral epiphysis
is located in inferomedial quadrant according to Hilgenreiner and Perkin lines.

Conclusions: A positive family history for DDH may be a less
important reason for performing control US or radiographic examination.
Patients with a normal screening US result and having risk factors can be
discharged from follow up safely, so that unnecessary examinations and family
anxiety will be reduced.
Minimalizacja ryzyka jednoosobowej działalności gospodarczej w kontekście uregulowań prawnych w Polsce
Authors: Gzik Monika
Published: July 2019

W świetle ustawy o swobodzie działalności gospodarczej osoby fizyczne mogą prowadzić działalność gospodarczą jednoosobowo, występując wówczas samodzielnie jako przedsiębiorcy. Instytucja ta, jako najpowszechniejsza forma podejmowania działalności gospodarczej w Polsce, wypełnia znaczny fragment przestrzeni rynku pracy. Wymagania formalne prowadzenia jednoosobowej działalności gospodarczej są właściwie minimalne. Forma ta wydaje się wygodna dla początkującego przedsiębiorcy. Jednakże rozrastająca się jednoosobowa działalność gospodarcza może nieść za sobą szereg ryzyk prawnych bądź finansowych. W artykule wskazano na węzłowe problemy związane z funkcjonowaniem jednoosobowej działalności gospodarczej w kontekście uregulowań prawnych w Polsce. Jako przykłady minimalizacji ryzyka zaproponowano rozwiązania w postaci mediacji, oceny wiarygodności finansowej kontrahenta, zabezpieczenia wierzytelności oraz przekształcenia w spółkę prawa handlowego.
Ubóstwo i bogactwo jako dwa antagonizmy gospodarki światowej XXI wieku
Authors: Złoty Marcin
Published: July 2019

Celem opracowania było udowodnienie występowania rozbieżności i rozwarstwień w gospodarce światowej oraz przedstawienie propozycji rozwiązania problemu. Miernikami analizy stały się m.in. wskaźniki takie jak PKB per capita, średni poziom płac, miernik rozwoju społecznego HDI, poziom odczuwania szczęścia mierzony miernikiem HPI, występowanie głodu czy wielkość zasobów wody pitnej. Największe zróżnicowanie widoczne jest na płaszczyźnie materialnej. Można powiedzieć, że istnieją dwie rzeczywistości. W jednej panuje dostatek i zamożność. W drugiej przewodzą bieda, głód i choroby. Państwa wysoko rozwinięte żyją coraz dostatniej, a regiony słabo rozwinięte popadają w jeszcze większą nędzę. Wysoki poziom głodu, niedobór wody pitnej oraz niskie dochody są fundamentalnymi elementami opisującymi kraje dzisiejszej Afryki Środkowej i Azji Południowej. Wynikiem badania i analizy jest potwierdzenie występowania olbrzymich dysproporcji między poziomem życia w krajach słabo rozwiniętych a zamożnymi regionami Europy Zachodniej czy Ameryki Północnej. Beznadziejna sytuacja ubogich regionów wymaga pomocy organizacji międzynarodowych oraz innych krajów. Dobrze przemyślany program pomocowy jest w stanie zmniejszyć problem ubóstwa. Utworzenie funduszu wspierającego podmioty chcące zainwestować kapitał w krajach najuboższych wydawać się może rozsądnym konceptem. Redukcja bądź zwolnienie z opodatkowania prowadzenia działalności gospodarczych w tych regionach może być dodatkową zachętą wsparcia. Bez jakichkolwiek działań pomocowych ubogie kraje w niedalekiej przyszłości upadną i przestaną istnieć.
Polsko-bułgarskie korpusy IS PAN i CLARIN-PL
Authors: Roszko Danuta , Roszko Roman , Sosnowski Wojciech
Published: July 2019

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Miejsce imienia w kulturze bułgarskiej. Związek imienia z życiem jednostki i społeczności
Authors: Gapsa Magdalena
Published: July 2019

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„Kukerzy” – przykład obrzędowości karnawałowej w Bułgarii
Authors: Zytka Magdalena
Published: July 2019

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Изображения на Паисий Хилендарски върху българските пощенски марки. „Царският Паисий“
Authors: Кръстева Мила
Published: July 2019

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Нагласи на днешните български емигранти към родния език и родното образование
Authors: Исса Катя
Published: July 2019

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Българската поезия през 90-те години на XX век и културната памет
Authors: Gołek-Sepetliewa Dorota
Published: July 2019

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Съвместна употреба на кирилица и латиница в български текст –защо и кога
Authors: Кирова Людмила
Published: July 2019

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Христо Ботев: канонизиране и комерсиализиране на образа
Authors: Алексиева Анна
Published: July 2019

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Is it possible to augment myocardial protection during cardiopulmonary bypass by administration of inhalational anesthetics?
Authors: Molchan N. S. , Polushin Yu. S. , Zhloba A. A. , Kobak A. E. , Khryapa A. A.
Published: July 2019

Aim: To evaluate the possibility to augment myocardial protection with desflurane and sevoflurane by prolongation of their delivery into the oxygenator of the cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) pump during surgical myocardial revascularization.

Materials and methods: This randomized prospective study included 75 patients with ischemic heart disease who underwent aortocoronary and mammary coronary bypass grafting with extracorporeal circulation from 2014 to 2017. The patients were allocated into the three study group by means of a  random number table generated by Statistica 10.0 software, depending on the anesthetic agent used: group 1, desflurane (n=30), group 2, sevoflurane (n=28), and group 3 (control), propofol (n=17). Desflurane and sevoflurane were delivered into the oxygenator during the artificial circulation. Hemodynamic parameters were assessed, such as cardiac index, total peripheral vascular resistance index, pulmonary artery wedge pressure. Changes in lactate, pyruvate, alanine, glutamate, glutamine, aspartate, asparagine, taurine, leucine, isoleucine and valine levels over time were assessed in blood taken from the heart coronary sinus before aortal clamping, before release of the clamp and after 30 minutes of reperfusion. During the first 24 hours post perfusion, we assessed the incidence of postperfusion heart failure (PPHF), duration of mechanical ventilation and duration of stay in the intensive care unit. Troponin I levels were measured at 12 and 24 hours after the intervention.

Results: There were no significant differences in the changes of the hemodynamic parameters over time in all the groups. The PPHF incidence and the course of the postoperative period were similar in all the groups. Irrespective on the type of the anesthesia, lactate and pyruvate levels increased during the CPB, with no significant differences between the groups, as well as the postoperative troponin I  levels at 12 and 24  hours after surgery. No differences between the groups were found for the changes of amino acid levels over time, except a  significant reduction of alanine levels during the aortal clamp in the group  3.

Conclusion: Prolongation of desflurane and sevoflurane delivery into the CPB pump oxygenator does not augment myocardial protection during myocardial revascularization surgery.
Mundo Pluricultural Ou Multicultural? Ius Cogens E Os Novos Desafios Ao Conceito De Norma Jurídica
Authors: Val Eduardo Manuel , Bargiona Pedro Eugenio P. , Eccard Wilson Tadeu de C.
Published: July 2019

O presente artigo aborda a transformação da compreensão da norma jurídica no mundo contemporâneo diante das mudanças sociais, impulsionadas pelo processo de globalização e pelo fenômeno do culturalismo, que promove a integração social. O conceito de norma jurídica clássico, consolidado pelo Direito Internacional, é, atualmente, insuficiente para lidar com a aplicação de seu conteúdo, tendo em vista a complexidade das relações entre os indivíduos, e da própria evolução do Direito, que fez com que o intérprete da norma passasse a analisar o teor da lei antes de promovê-la, adequando-a ao caso concreto. Assim, pretende-se com este artigo compreender como as transformações desse mundo, pluricultural ou multicultural, influenciam no tradicional ius cogens presente na norma jurídica. Para tanto, a metodologia aplicada se fez mediante pesquisa e análise qualitativa bibliográfica dos autores apontados aprofundaremos na reflexão dos conceitos do culturalismo, buscando formular uma perspectiva do tema para nosso tempo atual, valendo-se da temática dos Direitos Humanos, e do embate teórico clássico entre Universalismo e Relativismo Cultural sob perspectiva multidisciplinar e considerando os impactos da Globalização sobre a matéria.
Risk Difference Analysis of Using Goggles Benefits for Dry Eye Syndrome in Swimming Sub Laboratory, The State University of Surabaya (Unesa)
Authors: Masitoh Dewi
Published: July 2019

Dry eye syndrome is one of the eye health risks frequently suffered by swimmers who swim without goggles. It is initiated by direct contact of eyes with irritants from the disinfection process in the swimming pool. The purpose of this study was to analyze risk differences of using goggles for dry eye syndrome in the Sub Laboratory FIO Surabaya State University (Unesa). This research was an observational with cross sectional study design. The results of statistical tests showed that there were significant differences between swimmers using goggles and without goggles (p = 0,000). An examination of water found that the level of residual chlorine was (<1 mg / l), pH (<7), and alkalinity (> 200 mg / l). It calls the needs for strengthen the precaution for the presence of chemical risks. The result showed that the parameters did not satisfy the requirements of Permenkes RI No. 32 of 2017 about Standard for Environmental Quality and Water Health Requirements for Sanitary Hygiene Needs, Swimming Pools, Solus Per Aqua, and Public Baths. It can be concluded that there are differences in the risk of dry eye syndrome between swimmers who used goggles and without goggles. Swimmers is recommended to wear goggles while swimming to avoid the risk of dry eye syndrome. Furthermore, managers need to monitoring pool water quality in to order comply with term and reduce the risk of dry eye syndrome.
The Effect of Kupang Seafood’s Mercury Level on Consumers’ Blood Mercury Level at Bursa Kupang Sidoarjo
Authors: Puspitasari Maulidiana
Published: July 2019

Mercury pollution from industrial waste has long been indicated as harmful to environment and human health. Sidoarjo is an industrial city whose water source contaminated with heavy metal mercury and can pollute the living biota around, including kupang fish. Kupang is the main raw material for Sidoarjo's signature foods, unfortunately numbers of health problems to consumers are notified if the mercury from kupang enters human body. The aims of this research is first to analyze the effect of mercury levels in kupang toward mercury levels in consumer's blood, second aim is to analyze the differences of mercury level in consumers and non-consumers’ blood. This research was a cross-sectional design under observational research framework. The dependent variable is the mercury level in the respondent's blood while the independent variable is the mercury level in lontong kupang seafood. The variables were measured by  questionnaire and examination of mercury levels in blood were performed to 20 respondents. The exposure or independent variable was measured from Mercury levels in kupang. The statistical method used was is linear regression to see the effect of mercury level in kupang seafood toward mercury level in comsumers’s blood; and t-test was adopted to see the difference between mercury levels in consumers and non-consumers blood. It was found that, lontong kupang seafood produced in Sentra Kupang Gedangan contained mercury level in average of 0.0098 mg/L. While, mercury levels in respondents’s blood were under the standard of 5 µg/L. Blood mercury levels amongst kupang seafood consumers was 0.485 µg/L in average, while blood mercury level amongst non-consumers was 0.0792 µg/L in average. The result of liniear regression test suggested that there is no significant effect from kupang’s mercury level toward consumers’ blood mercury level. Nevertheless, there is significant differences between mercury level between exposed and non-exposed group. The conclusion of this research. There is significant difference in mercury blood level of being the consumers of kupang seafood rather than non-consumers, it is therefore necessary to raise awareness and educate population regarding the hazard behind the delicacy of kupang.
Correlation study of Carbon Monoxide (CO) air exposure level with blood COHb level of Basement Officer in Surabaya Mall
Authors: Rohmah Safiatur Nur
Published: July 2019

Gas CO is formed as a result of incomplete combustion. The material containing carbon monoxide is gas emission from motorcycle vehicle which is toxic to humans. This study aims to analyze the correlation between CO gas that also known as Carbon monoxide gas in the air with COHb level of blood parking basement officers in Surabaya "x" mall. This study was analytical observational with cross sectional design and the data was analyzed by Chi-Square test. The number of samples used was 15 parking basement officers and a control group of 15 people as a comparison. The results of measurement of CO gas levels in 3 parking points were more than standards recommendation. While the other 3 points in the control area were below the quality standard. All of samples in the parking basement officers had COHb levels >5% and for control areas there were 11 persons who had COHb levels of <5% and 4 people who had COHb levels of >5%. The results suggested that there was a significant correlation between the characteristics of individuals with COHb levels, such as duration of work (p = 0.040), nutritional status (p = 0.047) and smoking habits (p = 0.046). While variable of age (p = 0.070) and personal protective equipment (PPE) use (p = 0.128) showed no significant correlation. In addition, there was a significant correlation between exposure of CO gas and blood COHb levels in basement car park officers in Surabaya “X” Mall (p = 0.000), and there was a distinction between COHb level of blood basement car park officers in the "x" mall building and the control group with a value of p = 0.000. Based on the results, it is suggested for car park officers to cease smoking, go to places with more oxygen, maintain diet and do exercise regularly. It is also suggested and recommended for agencies is to put more attention regarding exhaust fans’ maintenance and sufficiency.
Implikasi Putusan Mk Nomor 68/Puu-XV/2017 Terhadap Jaksa Penuntut Umum Dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak
Authors: Nazla Lutfia
Published: July 2019

Dalam penyelesaian anak yang berhadapan dengan hukum untuk lebih melindungi dan mengayomi anak diberlakukan pembedaan perlakuan dan ancaman yang diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2012 tentang Sistem Peradilan  Pidana Anak (SPPA) dengan kebijakan diversif sebagai bentuk keadilan restoratif. Aturan ini selaras dengan Konvensi PBB tentang Hak-Hak Anak (Convention on the Rights of the Child).  Konvensi tahun 1989 ini telah diratifikasi oleh lebih 191 negara, termasuk Indonesia melalui Keputusan Presiden Nomor 36 Tahun 1990, seterusnya lahir peraturan perundangan lain yang berpihak pada kepentingan terbaik bagi anak (The Best Interest of the Child). Aturan itu antara lain dengan pendekatan diversif sebagai bentuk keadilan restoratif. Di sisi lain ada ancaman terhadap penegak hukum berupa sanksi pidana apabila tidak melakukan diversi terhadap perkara yang wajib diversi sebagaimana diatur Pasal 99, pasal 100 dan Pasal 101 UU SPPA. Namun pasal tersebut telah dibatalkan MK pada Maret 2013 melalui Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 68/PUU-XV/2017 sebagai bentuk perlindungan terhadap penegak hukum yang bekerja melaksanakan tugasnya. Ini bukan berarti tidak melaksanakan prinsip diversi karena penjatuhan hukuman adalah termasuk dalam bagian pembinaan anak itu sendiri. Jurnal ini menguji Implikasi putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi nomor 68/PUU-XV/2017 terhadap penuntut umum
A survey on the effects of the exchange rate changes and financial flexibility on the usage of financial leverage in accepted companies of Tehran stock exchange
Authors: Zare Reza , Mahmoodabadi Hamid , Kiafar Hoda , Gheisari Moslem
Published: July 2019

In the present study we try to examine the exchange rate changes and financial flexibility as the economic stable indexes on the financial leverage use in the companies so the main issue in this study is to define the financial leverage relation with exchange rate changes and financial flexibility. That is why 88 companies of the companies listed in Tehran stock exchange in 2005–2011. The study type is descriptive–correlative and the multivariable linear regression was used to analyze the data. The findings from the hypotheses test state there is a significant relation between financial leverage and financial flexibility while there isn't relationbetween financial leverage and exchange rate changes.
Stock Markets
Authors: Masoub Najeb
Published: July 2019

The stock market is a common feature of a current economy and it is reputed to achieve some necessary functions, which promote the growth and development of the economy. To achieve this objective, the endogenous growth literature and research, and recent theoretical studies have tried to provide a link between the literature of endogenous growth theory and financial markets. Providing evidence of stock market development will assist policy makers in designing reforms that do indeed promote the growth rate, enhancing stock market development as economic growth through to the banking system of financial sectors, and to the degree of investor’s right; furthermore, allowing risk sharing encourages speculative and productive investment (see, e.g. Greenwood and Jovanovic (1990) and Bencivenga and Smith (1991)). The results of the previous study, which established positive links between the stock market and economic growth, suggests the pursuit of policies geared towards rapid development of the stock market.
The Need for Liquidity and the Capital Structure of Swedish Banks Following the Financial Crisis
Authors: Nilsson Victor , Nordstrom Joakim , Bredmar Krister
Published: July 2019

Banks had a large part in the developments taking place in the years after the outbreak of the crisis in 2007, as many banks had an excessively low capital base, involving too much risk in its businesses. In this study, the largest four banks in Sweden have been investigated. The financial crisis affected the banks differently, depending on the markets of expansion. Excessive risk-taking has been found, where one bank expanded aggressively into new markets and did not appreciate the risks on these new markets. CEO compensation and risk seeking boards are factors that might have caused such behaviour. All of the banks have made noticeable changes to their capital structure, increasing it annually, accompanied by a risk-reduction movement in their assets to improve the stability in most of the banks. The new regulation’s focus on both quality and quantity is in accordance with the views that are expressed in the framework. The banks have altered their goals to levels several per cent above the regulations, in contrast to before the crisis when they were often as close as possible. The impact of the new liquidity regulations has been limited, as the banks continue to work with their internal measures. The banks have all changed their view of capital ratio and liquidity, where many of the banks have doubled the amount of these posts and now find these measures to be both beneficial and a way to gain trust and stability.
Diversification and Community Bank Performance during a Financial Crisis
Authors: Estes Kathy
Published: July 2019

Many U.S. banks failed or performed poorly during the recent financial crisis.  Although the costliest failures were large institutions, the majority of failures were community banks (less than $1 billion in total assets).  Community banks, which are considered instrumental in small business lending and employment growth, face different risks and challenges than their larger counterparts, including a lack of economies of scale and scope and exclusion from “too-big-to-fail” status.  These challenges, coupled with the recent failures, motivate research into potential strategies managers can use to improve performance.  This study examined the relationship between three potential diversification strategies and community bank risk-adjusted performance from 2007 to 2011.  Understanding these relationships could improve management’s decision-making, allowing them to choose risk-mitigating strategies during a severe economic downturn.  Herfindahl-Hirschman Indexes (HHIs) were calculated as proxies for geographic, activity, and asset diversification.  Multiple regression models for each of the five years were used to calculate the impact of diversification variables on risk-adjusted ROA.  The results show that diversification in all areas is directly related to performance; however, only the asset diversification relationship is significant.  To the extent possible for community banks, diversification may improve risk-adjusted performance.
Pricing Linkage between Islamic Banking and Conventional Banking: The Case of Bangladesh
Authors: Ahmed Sarwar Uddin , Rahman Ashikur , Ahmed Samuel Parvez , Ullah Wali
Published: July 2019

Islamic banking is based on profit and loss mechanism where the use of interest is prohibited.  Unlike conventional banks, these banks do not charge a specific rate of interest, rather provides financing in exchange for profit sharing.  However, there are studies claiming that, in practice, Islamic banking is same as conventional banking with regard to the use of interest. It is also claimed that, Islamic deposits are not interest-free, but are closely attached to conventional deposits.  On this background, the objective of this study is to examine the relationship between pricing in Islamic banks vis-à-vis conventional banks by taking the case of Bangladesh. We have used monthly data during the period of 2009-2013. The findings of the study showed that, there is no statistically significant difference between the monthly average lending rates of Islamic banks and conventional banks. However, there is significant difference between deposit rates. The existence of causal relationship was inconclusive, and requires further analysis.
Does Credit Risk Management affect the Financial Performance of Commercial Banks in Kosovo?
Authors: Asllanaj Rrustem
Published: July 2019

This study analyses the impact of credit risk management on financial performance of commercial banks in Kosovo, and comparing the relationship between the determinants of credit risk management and financial performance by using CAMEL indicators. Panel data of 85 observations from 2008 to 2012 of ten commercial banks was analysed using multiple regression model. Findings through multiple regression analysis are presented in forms of tables and regression equations. The study also elaborates whether capital adequacy, asset quality, management efficiency, earnings and liquidity have strong or weak relationship with financial performance of commercial banks. The study concludes that CAMEL model can be used as a system of assessment and rating of credit risk management by commercial banks in Kosovo.
Influência do lenho de tração nas propriedades físicas da madeira de Eucalyptus sp.
Authors: Monteiro Thiago Campos , Vieira Renato da Silva , Lima José Tarcísio , Baraúna Edy Eime Pereira , Carvalho Duam Matosinhos de , Lima Marcelle Teodoro
Published: July 2019

The reaction wood is formed in an attempt to remain upright tree in response to the action of forces such as winds, irregular crown or slope of the land that tend to incline it. In hardwoods, as in Eucalyptus, this type of wood is called tension wood and occurs in the region of the stem facing the face of force application. Indicative of the presence of this type of wood is the high shrinkage and basic density compared to normal wood. Once the basic density and shrinkage are parameters for determining the quality of the wood, this study aimed to evaluate the variation of basic density and shrinkage of opposite and tension wood along the radius in four species of Eucalyptus sp. Four tree species Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Eucalyptus maculata, Eucalyptus pilularis and Eucalyptus urophylla, with 32 years of age, were taken from an experimental planting of the Federal University of Lavras. Specimens were made to represent the diametrical variation of the opposite of tension wood in disks cut at the dbh. The results indicate that the properties of radial, tangential and volumetric shrinkage, coefficient of anisotropy and basic density did not differ statistically between the tensionand opposite wood.
Guideline-Enabled Data Driven Clinical Knowledge Model for the Treatment of Oral Cavity Cancer Acquired Through a Refined Knowledge Acquisition Method
Authors: Hussain Maqbool , Afzal Muhammad , M. Malik Khalid , Ali Taqdir , Khan Wajahat Ali , Irfan Muhammad , Jamshed Arif , Lee Sungyoung
Published: July 2019

Validation and verification are the critical requirements in the knowledge acquisition method for the clinical decision support system (CDSS). After acquiring the medical knowledge from diverse sources, the rigorous validation and formal verification process are required before creating the final knowledge model. Previously, we have proposed a hybrid knowledge acquisition method for acquiring medical knowledge from clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) and patient data in the Smart CDSS for treatment of oral cavity cancer. The final knowledge model was created by combining knowledge models obtained from CPGs and patient data after passing through a rigorous validation process. However, detailed analysis shows that due to lack of formal verification process, it involves various inconsistencies in knowledge relevant to the formalism of knowledge, conformance to CPGs, quality of knowledge, and complexities of knowledge acquisition artifacts. Therefore, it is required to enhance a hybrid knowledge acquisition method that thwarts the inconsistencies using formal verification. This paper presents the verification process using the Z formal method and its outcome as an enhanced acquisition method – known as the refined knowledge acquisition (ReKA) method. The ReKA method adopted verification method and explored the mechanism of theorem proving using the Z notation. It enables to identify inconsistencies in the validation process used for hybrid knowledge acquisition. Additionally, it refines the hybrid knowledge acquisition method by discovering the missing steps in the current validation process at the acquisition stage. Consequently, ReKA adds a set of nine additional criteria to be used to have a final valid refined clinical knowledge model. The criteria ensure the validity of final knowledge model concerning formalism of knowledge, conformance to GPGs, quality of the knowledge, usage of stringent conditions and treatment plans, and inconsistencies possibly resulting from the complexities. Evaluation, using four medical knowledge acquisition scenarios, shows that newly added knowledge in CDSS due to the addition of criteria by ReKA method always produces a valid knowledge model. The final knowledge model was also evaluated with 1229 oral cavity patient cases, which outperformed with an accuracy of 72.57\% compared to a similar approach with an accuracy of 69.7\%. Furthermore, ReKA method identified a set of decision paths (about 47.8%) in the existing approach, which results in a final knowledge model with low quality, non-conformed from standard CPGs. In conclusion, ReKA is formally proved method which always yields valid knowledge model having high quality, supporting local practices, and influenced from standard guidelines.
MS-Based Approaches Enable the Structural Characterization of Transcription Factor / DNA Response Element Complex
Authors: Slavata Lukas , Chmelik Josef , Kavan Daniel , Filandrova Ruzena , Fiala Jan , Rosulek Michal , Mrazek Hynek , Kukacka Zdenek , Valis Karel , Man Petr , Miller Michael , McIntyre William , Fabris Daniele , Novak Petr
Published: July 2019

The limited information available on the structure of complexes involving transcription factors and cognate DNA response elements represents a major obstacle in the quest to understand their mechanism of action at the molecular level. We implemented a concerted structural proteomics approach, which combined hydrogen-deuterium exchange (HDX), quantitative protein-protein and protein-nucleic acid cross-linking (XL), and homology analysis, to model the structure of the complex between the full-length DNA binding domain (DBD) of FOXO4 and its DNA binding element (DBE). The results confirmed that FOXO4-DBD assumes the characteristic forkhead topology shared by these types of transcription factors, but its binding mode differs significantly from those of other members of the family. The results showed that the binding interaction stabilized regions that were rather flexible and disordered in the unbound form. Surprisingly, the conformational effects were not limited only to the interface between bound components but extended also to distal regions that may be essential to recruiting additional factors to the transcription machinery. In addition to providing valuable new insights into the binding mechanism, this project provided an excellent evaluation of the merits of structural proteomics approaches in the investigation of systems that arematerial not directly amenable to traditional high-resolution techniques.
Coupling MicroNIR/Chemometrics for the On-Site Detection of Cannabinoids in Hemp Flours
Authors: Risoluti Roberta , Gullifa Giuseppina , Battistini Alfredo , Materazzi Stefano
Published: July 2019

In this work, the capabilities of a novel miniaturized and portable MicroNIR spectrometer were investigated in order to propose a practical and intelligible test allowing the rapid and easy screening of cannabinoids in hemp flour. In order to develop a predictive model able to identify and simultaneously to quantify the residual amount of cannabinoids, specimens from flours commercially available on the markets were considered and spiked with increasing amount of Cannabidiol (CBD), Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and Cannabigerol (CBG). Partial Least Square-Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) and Partial Least Square regression (PLSr) were applied for the simultaneously detection and quantification of cannabinoids. Results demonstrated that MicroNIR/Chemometric platform is statistically able to identify the presence of CBD, THC and CBG in simulated samples containing cannabinoids from 0.001 to 0.1 %ww, with the accuracy and sensitivity of the reference official methods actually proposed. The method was checked against false positive and true positive response and results proved to be those required for confirmatory analyses; permitting to provide a fast and accurate method for the monitoring of cannabinoids in hemp flours.
A Comparison of the Maximum Entropy Principle Across Biological Spatial Scales
Authors: Cofre Rodrigo , Herzog Ruben , Corcoran Derek , Rosas Fernando
Published: July 2019

Despite their obvious differences, biological systems at different scales tend to exhibit common organizational patterns. Unfortunately, these commonalities are usually obscured by the parcelled terminology employed by various scientific sub-disciplines. To explore these commonalities, this papers a comparative study of diverse applications of the maximum entropy principle, ranging from amino acids up to societies. By presenting these studies under a common language, this paper establishes a unified view over seemingly highly heterogeneous biological scenarios.
Dietary Supplementation with Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Reduces Opioid-Seeking Behaviors and Alters the Gut Microbiome
Authors: Hakimian Joshua K. , Dong Tien , Barahona Jorge A. , Lagishetty Venu , Tiwari Suchi , Azani Darien , Barrera Matthew , Lee Suhjin , Severino Amie L. , Mittal Nitish , Cahill Catherine M. , Jacobs Jonathan P. , Walwyn Wendy
Published: July 2019

Opioids are highly addictive substances with a relapse rate of over 90%. While preclinical models of chronic opioid exposure exist for studying opioid dependence, none recapitulate the relapses observed in human opioid addiction. The mechanisms associated with opioid dependence, the accompanying withdrawal symptoms and the relapses that are often observed months or years after opioid dependence are poorly understood. Therefore, we developed a novel model of chronic opioid exposure whereby the level of administration is self-directed with periods of behavior acquisition, maintenance and then extinction alternating with reinstatement. This profile arguably mirrors that seen in humans, with initial opioid use followed by alternating periods of abstinence and relapse. Recent evidence suggests that dietary interventions that reduce inflammation, including omega-3 fatty acids such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), may reduce substance misuse liability. Using the self-directed intake model, we characterize the observed profile of opioid use and demonstrate that a diet enriched in polyunsaturated fat acids (PUFAs) ameliorates oxycodone-seeking behaviors in the absence of drug availability and reduces anxiety. Guided by the major role gut microbiota have on brain function, neuropathology, and anxiety, we profile the microbiome composition and the effects of chronic opioid exposure and DHA supplementation. We demonstrate that withdrawal of opioids led to a significant depletion in specific microbiota genera whereas DHA supplementation increased microbial richness, phylogenetic diversity, and evenness. Lastly, we examined the activation state of microglia in the striatum and found that DHA supplementation reduced the basal activation state of microglia. These preclinical data suggest that a diet enriched in PUFAs could be used as a treatment to alleviate anxiety induced opioid-seeking behavior and relapse in human opioid addiction.
IMPLEMENTATION PROGRAME EVALUATION OF SOCIAL HEALTH SERVICE IN HEALTH INSURANCE BY FAMILY DOCTOR IN PONTIANAK
Authors: Imran Imran
Published: July 2019

The purpose of the research was to evaluate the implementation of health service process, participant of social health insurance by family doctor, that consist of necessary, the background of the program, readiness of the program, realization of the program and the accomplishment of the health service program in health insurance by family doctor. The research used qualitative and quantitative approach by CIPP (Context, Input, Process, Product) evaluation model. The participants of social health insurance program by family doctor were 10.487 people. Most of them gave positive response and the satisfaction index of health service by family doctor was good. The result of the research showed the implementation of health service in health insurance by family doctor have done with the appropriate purpose and standard. The result of this evaluation research was the health service in health insurance program by family doctor could increase the participants of health insuranceâ€™s health level in Pontianak City and it can be continued by The Social Health Insurance Provider.

 

Keywords: Social health insurance, family doctor, health service program, health level.
Analisis Kerangka Kewarganegaran Digital: Kiprah Jaringan Gusdurian di Media Sosial
Authors: Sarkadi Sarkadi , Suhadi Suhadi , Sani Lena Riana
Published: July 2019

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kiprah Jaringan Gusdurian di Media sosial. Pendekatan e-research digunakan untuk menelusuri dan menganalisisnya dengan kerangka kewarganegaraan digital "3S", yakni safety, savvy, dan social. Dari hasil observasi, wawancara dan expert opinion, penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa Jaringan Gusdurian masih memiliki fokus pada isu savvy dan social, sementara itu isu safety masih belum eksplisit mendapatkan perhatian. Fenomena tersebut terjadi bisa dijelaskan melalui perspektif mobilisasi dan transformasi gerakan yang dipengaruhi perkembangan teknologi digital seperti media sosial. Jaringan Gusdurian sedari awal telah memegang 9 Nilai Utama Gus Dur yang memang lebih banyak bermuatan unsur social dan savvy. Penulis merekomendasikan agar komunitas sosial yang berkiprah di media sosial untuk rekognisi seluruh elemen kewarganegaraan digital agar kehidupan demokrasi bisa lebih semarak dan berkualitas.
ARABIDOPSIS POLLEN ABORTION MUTANT 2, Encoding an Unknown Protein with Three WD40-Repeats, Is Essential for Late Pollen Mature in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Ma Zhaoxia , Zhang Xueqin , Chen Liqun , Zhang Guobin , Liu Yue , Ye De , Yang Hongyu
Published: July 2019

Background In flowering plants, pollen formation is a very complex process. It is strictly regulated by various genetic factors. Some of these factors have been identified, but the regulatory mechanism concerning the process of late pollen maturing remains unknown.
Results Previously we identified and reported an ARABIDOPSIS POLLEN ABORTION MUTANT 2 (APAM2) gene which was required for pollen formation in Arabidopsis thaliana. In this study, we further analysed the phenotype of atapam2 and the subcellular localisation of AtAPAM2. Mutation in AtAPAM2 drastically affected male gametophytic function, impacted the late pollen mature process, and resulted in mature pollen grains from atapam2/+ plants being shrivelled and dead. It was expressed among seedlings, roots, stems, leaves, siliques, flowers, and pollen grains. However, its expression levels in flowers and pollen grains were much higher than in other tissues. Gene AtAPAM2 encodes an unknown protein with three WD40-repeats with localisation in plasma membrane and nucleus, and homologous proteins exist in many species.
Conclusions We determined that AtAPAM2 may play a role in pollen formation and other development processes by interacting with other proteins, but we did not identify the protein that interacts with it.
Medical Students’ Perceptions and Patient Safety Education in China Using the Medical Student Safety Attitudes and Professionalism Survey: Safety attitudes and behavioural intentions
Authors: Liu He , Yu Dandan , Zhao Siqi , Sun Shufan , jiao mingli , Shao juanjuan , Wang Dan , Zhang Min , Wu yuming
Published: July 2019

Background

Ensuring patient safety is a top priority among health administrators and in the medical communities of all WHO member countries. This study aimed to assess fourth-year medical students’ perceptions and experiences with cultural factors during clinical rotation to identify the medical school education needed to promote patient safety.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted on 615 fourth-year medical students at three medical universities in Heilongjiang Province, China, in 2016 using the Medical Student Safety Attitudes and Professionalism Survey (MSSAPS) questionnaire. Chi-squared for contingency tests compared the percentages of agreement to items across schools and regarding overall patient safety, patient safety behavioural intentions and five cultural dimensions. Spearman correlations assessed statistical associations.

Results

The five cultural dimensions positively and significantly related to perceptions of overall patient safety and patient safety behavioural intentions. Perceptions of patient safety were positive across the three medical schools. Agreement was almost universal with the following statement: ‘We followed standard operating procedures, guidelines, and protocols for the floor’ (99.5%), although 42.8% agreed that ‘A member of my team was rude and disrespectful to a patient or family member’. The respondents’ preferences for course content delivery were academic lecture, teaching in clinical rounds and case studies. The preferred course content was ‘ways to handle clinical risks’, ‘the causes of medical errors and the principles of risk prevention’ and ‘strengthening infection controls and reducing nosocomial infections.

Conclusion

Fourth-year students seemed willing to learn about this important issue. Policymakers should increase their focus on educational needs based on students’ clinical experiences and their emphasis on organizational problems related to error reporting to establish and implement appropriate patient safety education.
Determinant Factors Influencing Absenteeism among Ethiopian Health Science College Students
Authors: serbesa Masresha Leta , zewde gosaye T/haymanot
Published: July 2019

Introduction

The absenteeism of students from classrooms and clinical setting has a negative impact on their performance and prolongs the length of their studying. The aim of this study was to identify the factors influencing absenteeism among students at Harar Health Science College.

Methods

Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted on 313 college health science students. A self-administered pre tested questionnaire which consists of teaching (6 items), course content (4 items), learning (4 items), assessment (6 items) and social problems (3 items) was used to collect data by using Stratified random sampling method with proportionate allocation.

Results

38 (31.1%) was taken the highest frequency of 4 or more days absenteeism and Pharmacy department was the leading from all other health science departments. The main reasons reported for missing lectures, clinical site and skill lab were shortage of instructors at clinical site, insufficient equipment at demonstration room, inconvenient language used by the instructors and the assessment technique used by the instructors.

Conclusion

the overall prevalence of absenteeism from the class room as well as hospital practice was 186 (59.4%) and 115 (36.7%) respectively.
Perspectives on Laparoscopic Surgery Among Chinese General Surgery Residents: Single-Site Survey Study with Instructive Lessons for Program Directors and Teaching Hospitals
Authors: Jin Bao , Zheng Zhibo , Zheng Yongchang , Xu Haifeng , Chi Tianyi , Du Shunda , Lu Xin , Mao Yilei , Sang Xinting
Published: July 2019

Background

To assess resident perspectives on laparoscopic surgery and how it might differ compared to open surgery.

Materials and Methods

Anonymous surveys were sent to residents who came to hepatic surgery service rotation during Sep 2013 to Aug 2017. Statistical comparisons were conducted using student T-test, comparing mean satisfaction and preferences.

Results

A total of 80 residents responded to the survey, distributed across the spectrum of training levels. Of the 80 respondents, 9 were in their first year of training, while 18, 41, and 12 were in their second, third, or fourth years of training, respectively. Among them, there were 11 residents were not included in the final analysis. Residents indicated that they preferred open procedures for conferring greater exposure to operating (7.172 ± 1.4646 for open vs 4.414 ± 2.1442 for laparoscopy, p < 0.001). Residents indicated that laparoscopic procedures were preferred in aiding in understanding of the surgical procedure (6.814 ± 1.3323 for open vs 7.407 ± 1.3014 for laparoscopy, p = 0.016).

Conclusions

These results suggest that residents prefer open procedures for hands-on experience, while laparoscopic procedures confer the advantage of facilitating the learning of a surgical procedure. This provides an opportunity for intervention, as minimally invasive surgeries(MIS) are a major component of modern surgical practice and, therefore, must be an area of strength in the training of surgical residents.
TO THE QUESTION ABOUT MEAT FREEZING. REVIEW
Authors: Lisitsyn Andrey B. , Chernukha Irina M. , Lunina Olga I.
Published: July 2019

The overview of studies of freezing and defrosting of raw meat, conducted during the recent years, is presented in the article. The freezing is the most effective method of preserving meat, so developments in this area are in demand by the food industry. There is noted the work on the creation of innovative technologies aimed at the optimizing of the freezing conditions (time, speed), reducing the loss of quality of the frozen products. Affected problems, which are appearing during the defrosting of meat, frozen in fresh and chilled condition. The interest of the use of the meat in the fresh state, which has not been in demand by the industry so far, is returning.
APPRAISAL DEVICES REALIZING ATTITUDES IN BARACK OBAMA’S INAUGURAL SPEECH
Authors: Rohmawati Ida
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this study was to describe and analyze Obama’s Attitudes  towards  phenomenon  happened  in  America  and  the world realized in the speech using the Appraisal System Analysis. The speech analysis was done by breaking down the speech into several clauses and analyzing them to find out the Appraisal Devices and the types of  Attitudes used. Analyzing the data, it could be inferred that the speech employed three kinds of Attitudes; Affect, Judgement, Appreciation. There were 323 clauses consist of 51 Af- fects, 155 Judgements, and 117 Appreciations. Positive Attitudes in the speech were used more than Negative Attitudes. Obama gave priorities to Positive Attitudes in presenting his speech because he was optimistic that the obstacles in his country would be solved and the condition of America would be better. The study revealed that Obama was a good orator with high capability and wonderful way of thinking.
PELAPISAN BAHAN MAGNETIK PASIR BESI BUGEL DENGAN SITRAT
Authors: Rosiati Nur Mutia , Miswanda Dikki , Muflikhah Muflikhah
Published: July 2019

Pemanfaatan bahan alam sebagai sumber bahan magnetik (BM) merupakan keuntungan tersendiri, yakni preparasi yang lebih mudah dilakukan, jumlah bahan kimia yang digunakan lebih sedikit dan biaya preparasi lebih terjangkau. Hasil membuktikan bahwa unsur terbanyak yang terkandung pada BM pasir besi Pantai Bugel adalah Fe, Ti dan Si dengan fasa oksida dominan berupa magnetit. Modifikasi BM dilakukan untuk mendukung perannya sebagai adsorben magnetik. Bahan magnetik pasir besi Pantai Bugel terlapis sitrat (BM/Sitrat) telah berhasil disintesis pada penelitian ini. Variasi waktu perendaman BM dalam larutan sitrat dilakukan dengan waktu 6, 12 dan 24 jam untuk mengetahui waktu optimum perendaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa waktu optimum perendaman dicapai pada waktu 24 jam.