bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Os mediadores, os políticos e a sociedade civil:
Authors: Piraux Marc , Azevedo Sergio Guillermo de , Tonneau Jean-Philippe
Published: April 2020

A governança territorial é o objeto de um debate intenso sobre por que o território tornou-se uma referência privilegiada para as operações de desenvolvimento rural. Esta comunicação trata de uma experiência de pesquisa-ação de desenvolvimento territorial desenvolvida pela Embrapa e pelo CIRAD no território do Alto Sertão do Piauí e de Pernambuco. O contexto da região é difícil. A situação atual de dominação político-fundiária torna difícil fazer uma parceria entre a sociedade civil e o poder político, parceria, portanto, importante na governança territorial. Mostraremos que o desenvolvimento territorial pressupõe a legitimação de um espaço coletivo de debate (o fórum) e um dispositivo de governança (o consórcio), destinados a repensar a ação política. Estes dispositivos se constroem num processo de institucionalização crescente, isto é, sobre a criação evolutiva de normas e de valores compartilhados, assim como numa abordagem que cruza aprendizagem e inovação. A legitimidade dos dispositivos se impõe nas modificações das relações de força entre sociedade civil e políticos. Destacamos o papel específico dos mediadores neste processo. Concluímos que, devido às condições específicas do exercício do poder na região estudada, a situação do território apresenta situações difíceis do ponto de vista da governança territorial.
Desenvolvimento rural sustentável solidário e a formação sindical:
Authors: Watanabe Célia Hissae
Published: April 2020

O presente artigo objetiva articular um conjunto de informações sobre a caminhada da CONTAG na formação sindical e a construção das estratégias em Desenvolvimento Rural Sustentável Solidário. Em seus 46 anos de existência, a CONTAG tem pautado a formação na condição de prioridade estratégica, que passou por revisões de significados, de objetivos e de eixos temáticos. Todas as (re) formulações foram orientadas pelo contexto sociopolítico do país, pela configuração da atuação política da entidade, considerando suas bandeiras de luta, e pela diversidade de sujeitos políticos do campo por ela representados. Na atualidade, a Política Nacional de Formação do Movimento Sindical dos Trabalhadores e das Trabalhadoras Rurais, busca articular o conjunto de ações formativas, dentre as quais, a formação político-sindical orientada pelo eixo temático “Ação Sindical e Desenvolvimento Rural Sustentável Solidário”. A questão do desenvolvimento rural assumiu centralidade com intensificação dos debates, estudos e pesquisas realizadas pela CONTAG, pelas suas federações filiadas e pelos seus respectivos sindicatos, culminando na sistematização do Projeto Alternativo de Desenvolvimento Rural Sustentável Solidário, o PADRSS.
Os movimentos indígenas e a autoconsciência cultural:
Authors: Almeida Alfredo Wagner Berno de
Published: April 2020

Este artigo tem o objetivo de estudar a relação entre tradição e ordenamento jurídico, focalizando principalmente as deliberações oficiais (convenções, leis, decretos e portarias) sobre diversidade lingüística e política cultural, que resultaram de diferentes formas de mobilização étnica. O trabalho se refere em especial àqueles resultados de mobilizações perpetradas por movimentos sociais, cujas reivindicações se tornaram leis, notadamente leis municipais.
Política e meio ambiente:
Authors: Villarroel Larissa Carolina Loureiro , Toni Fabiano
Published: April 2020

O Brasil assumiu metas ambiciosas de conservação a partir da assinatura da Convenção sobre Diversidade Biológica e, na última década, foi responsável pela criação de quase três quartos das novas áreas protegidas no mundo. Apesar do papel histórico do governo federal na criação de Unidades de Conservação (UC), no período citado os governos estaduais assumiram a liderança do processo, em especial o estado do Amazonas. Neste artigo apresentamos alguns resultados da pesquisa em que buscamos entender por que o governo do Amazonas optou por executar uma política intensiva de criação de UCs de uso sustentável a partir do início da década de 2000. Os resultados mostram que a presença de incentivos econômicos e sociais e a conformação de um novo ambiente político-institucional, por meio da plataforma Zona Franca Verde, foram os elementos que levaram à intensificação da agenda de conservação no estado. O discurso ambientalista ajudou o governador eleito em 2002 a se diferenciar de políticos tradicionais e a colocar o estado em uma posição privilegiada para o uso sustentável e a conservação de seus ativos ambientais.
Virtualización de la educación superior: Una ventana para la internacionalización en la Universidad Yacambú
Authors: Pereira Medina Juan Pedro
Published: April 2020

La educación tiene un rol fundamental en el desarrollo de la sociedad, siendo uno de los motores de su evolución y progreso. En las últimas décadas, las tecnologías de información y comunicación han provocado grandes cambios en la forma que los individuos se comunican e interactúan, generando verdaderas rupturas en los modos de aprender, enseñar, descubrir, construir y reproducir el conocimiento, situación que ha llevado a formular interrogantes sobre la pertinencia de los sistemas educativos. Dentro de este marco, las universidades transitan un período de metamorfosis, a fin de lograr pertinencia con el entorno, en esta difícil tarea procesos como la virtualización e internacionalización abren nuevas oportunidades y expanden sus posibilidades de desarrollo. La virtualización camina de la mano con la internacionalización, por cuanto la educación virtual constituye una herramienta esencial para ofertar programas en un contexto global, abriendo paso a las alianzas, movilidad académica, internacionalización del currículo, participación en redes de colaboración; acciones que favorecen el posicionamiento y competitividad. La Universidad Yacambú siempre a la vanguardia, ha decido ofrecer respuestas a esta realidad trabajando para consolidar una institución de vanguardia, capaz de apoyar la transformación social en la búsqueda del desarrollo sostenible.
AN ASSOCIATION RULE MINING MODEL FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF THE CORRELATIONS BETWEEN THE ATTRIBUTES OF SEVERE ACCIDENTS
Authors: Ayhan Bilal Umut , Doğan Neşet Berkay , Tokdemir Onur Behzat
Published: April 2020

Identifying the correlations between the attributes of severe accidents could be vital to preventing them. If such relationships were known dynamically, it would be possible to take preventative actions against accidents. The paper aims to develop an analytical model that is adaptable for each type of data to create preventative measures that will be suitable for any computational systems. The present model collectively shows the relationships between the attributes in a coherent manner to avoid severe accidents. In this respect, Association Rule Mining (ARM) is used as the technique to identify the correlations between the attributes. The research adopts a positivist approach to adhere to the factual knowledge concerning nine different accident types through case studies and quantitative measurements in an objective nature. ARM was exemplified with nine different types of construction accidents to validate the adaptability of the proposed model. The results show that each accident type has different characteristics with varying combinations of the attribute, and analytical model accomplished to accommodate variation through the dataset. Ultimately, professionals can identify the cause-effect relationships effectively and set up preventative measures to break the link between the accident causing factors.
A Statistical Search for Star–Planet Interaction in the Ultraviolet Using GALEX
Authors: Viswanath Gayathri , Narang Mayank , Manoj P , Mathew Blesson , Kartha Sreeja S
Published: April 2020

Most (∼82%) of the over 4000 confirmed exoplanets known today orbit very close to their host stars, within 0.5 au. Planets at such small orbital distances can result in significant interactions with their host stars, which can induce increased activity levels in them. In this work, we have searched for statistical evidence for star–planet interactions in the ultraviolet (UV) using the largest sample of 1355 Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) detected host stars with confirmed exoplanets and making use of the improved host-star parameters from Gaia DR2. From our analysis, we do not find any significant correlation between the UV activity of the host stars and their planetary properties. We further compared the UV properties of planet host stars to that of chromospherically active stars from the RAdial Velocity Experiment (RAVE) survey. Our results indicate that the enhancement in chromospheric activity of host stars due to star–planet interactions may not be significant enough to reflect in their near- and far-UV broadband flux.
The Reddening and [O ii] Emissions of the Quasar Mg ii Absorption-line Systems
Authors: Chen Zhi-Fu , Qin Huan-Chang , Chen Zhe-Geng , Pang Ting-Ting , Gui Run-Jin , Yi Shuang-Xi
Published: April 2020

Using quasar Mg ii narrow absorption lines (NALs) with velocity offset (

, where c is the speed of light)

, this paper investigates the

emissions and reddening associated with Mg ii NALs by constructing composite spectra. Dust extinctions of all the inflow (

), environment (−750 ≤ 

r
 < 600

), outflow (

), and strong intervening-like (2000 ≤ 

r
 < 6000

) Mg ii NALs can be described by the SMC extinction curve, which suggest that all four types of Mg ii NALs have similar dust properties. The colors of quasars hosting intervening-like Mg ii NALs with

Å and intervening Mg ii NALs (

) are similar to those of control quasars (without Mg ii NALs with

), which suggests that these two types of Mg ii NALs are mainly formed within media unconnected with background quasars. The other three types of Mg ii NALs have much more obvious reddening to background quasars, and the stronger absorptions or the absorptions detected in radio detected quasars produce larger reddening than the weaker absorptions or the absorptions in radio undetected quasars. In addition, the dust-to-gas ratios within inflow Mg ii NALs are possibly lower than those within environment ones. We find that flux ratios

/

of quasars hosting inflow, outflow, intervening-like, and intervening Mg ii NALs are similar to those of control quasars. For quasars hosting environment Mg ii NALs, (1) the flux ratio

/

is much higher than that of control quasars, which suggests that there is a high star formation rate within the host galaxies of environment Mg ii NALs; (2) the flux ratio

/

is positively correlated with absorption strengths; and (3) radio detected quasars have a slightly higher flux ratio

/

when compared to radio undetected quasars, which suggests that the quasar feedback enhances the star formation rate within host galaxies of environment absorbers. For quasars hosting outflow Mg ii NALs, we find that

emission lines display excesses at blue wings with respect to the line profiles of control quasars, and the excesses are positively correlated with absorption strengths.
Electron Energy Partition across Interplanetary Shocks. III. Analysis
Authors: Wilson Lynn B. , Chen Li-Jen , Wang Shan , Schwartz Steven J. , Turner Drew L. , Stevens Michael L. , Kasper Justin C. , Osmane Adnane , Caprioli Damiano , Bale Stuart D. , Pulupa Marc P. , Salem Chadi S. , Goodrich Katherine A.
Published: April 2020

An analysis of model fit results of 15,210 electron velocity distribution functions (VDFs), observed within ±2 hr of 52 interplanetary (IP) shocks by the Wind spacecraft near 1 au, is presented as the third and final part on electron VDFs near IP shocks. The core electrons and protons dominate in the magnitude and change in the partial-to-total thermal pressure ratio, with the core electrons often gaining as much or more than the protons. Only a moderate positive correlation is observed between the electron temperature and the kinetic energy change across the shock, while weaker, if any, correlations were found with any other macroscopic shock parameter. No VDF parameter correlated with the shock normal angle. The electron VDF evolves from a narrowly peaked core with flaring suprathermal tails in the upstream to either a slightly hotter core with steeper tails or much hotter flattop core with even steeper tails downstream of the weaker and strongest shocks, respectively. Both quasi-static and fluctuating fields are examined as possible mechanisms modifying the VDF, but neither is sufficient alone. For instance, flattop VDFs can be generated by nonlinear ion acoustic wave stochastic acceleration (i.e., inelastic collisions), while other work suggested they result from the combination of quasi-static and fluctuating fields. This three-part study shows that not only are these systems not thermodynamic in nature; even kinetic models may require modification to include things like inelastic collision operators to properly model electron VDF evolution across shocks or in the solar wind.
Suppressed or Enhanced Central Star Formation Rates in Late-type Barred Galaxies
Authors: Wang Jing , Athanassoula E. , Yu Si-Yue , Wolf Christian , Shao Li , Gao Hua , Randriamampandry T. H.
Published: April 2020

Bars in disk-dominated galaxies are able to drive gas inflow inside the corotation radius, thus enhancing the central star formation rate (SFR). Previous work, however, has found that disk-dominated galaxies with centrally suppressed SFRs frequently host a bar. Here we investigate possible causes for the suppression of central SFRs in such cases. We compare the physical properties of a sample of disk-dominated barred galaxies with high central SFRs (HC galaxies) with those of a sample of disk-dominated barred galaxies with low central SFRs (LC galaxies). We find that the two samples have, on average, similar H i content and bars of similar strength. But we also find that the HCs have bluer colors than the LCs, and that outside the bar region, they host stronger spiral arms than the LCs, where closed rings are more often seen. We discuss and evaluate the possible causes for the suppression of the central SFR in the LC galaxies as opposed to its enhancement in the HC galaxies.
Migrations africaines et variations religieuses : les églises chrétiennes du Maroc et de Tunisie
Authors: Bava Sophie , Boissevain Katia
Published: April 2020

En faisant dialoguer deux terrains de recherche conduits au Maroc et en Tunisie selon une démarche anthropologique, nous mettrons en lumière les questions que la migration africaine pose aujourd’hui aux institutions chrétiennes, catholique et protestante. Quelles reconfigurations religieuses la présence des migrants induit-elle ? D’un côté, les Églises « historiques » présentes dans les grandes villes, en tant qu’héritières des Églises officielles, ont augmenté le nombre de leurs fidèles et de leurs offices. De l’autre, les Églises pentecôtistes et charismatiques ont fait leur apparition dans les quartiers périphériques. Nous décrirons dans cet article, d’une part, les dynamiques nouvelles entre Églises catholique et protestante au Maroc et en Tunisie, et d’autre part, nous analyserons les manières différenciées dont les autorités ecclésiastiques des deux pays composent avec les orientations distinctes au sein du protestantisme entre les cultes historique et pentecôtiste. Notre hypothèse est que l’histoire des congrégations religieuses chrétiennes au Maghreb, implantées depuis le milieu du XIX e  siècle, continue d’influer sur les équilibres actuels.
À l’ombre des circulations verticales subsahariennes, des circulations horizontales intra-maghrébines ?
Authors: Zeghbib Hocine
Published: April 2020

La mésentente entre les États du Maghreb, l’influence européenne grandissante en matière de lutte contre l’immigration et l’effet de loupe provoqué par le traitement médiatique des migrations subsahariennes ont fait passer au second plan la visibilité des circulations migratoires intra-maghrébines contemporaines dont on a du mal à prendre la mesure. De fait, les circulations horizontales intra-maghrébines, pourtant bien réelles, tendent à être invisibilisées en raison de la surexposition médiatique et sécuritaire des circulations verticales subsahariennes.
La route sinaïtique, une économie de prédation et ses impacts
Authors: Aïssou Aliya
Published: April 2020

Depuis 2006, le Sinaï est devenu la route privilégiée de nombreux Soudanais et Érythréens cherchant à se rendre en Israël. Ce flux migratoire a attiré l’attention de chefs bédouins qui ont construit une économie autour de ces mouvements migratoires. Un véritable système de trafic d'êtres humains a été mis en place, prenant en otage les migrants qui sont rançonnés et torturés. Ce modèle économique basé sur le trafic de drogue et de migrants a permis aux chefs bédouins acteurs de ce système un enrichissement considérable. De fait, la route sinaïtique est devenue la route de tous les dangers pour les migrants de l’Afrique de l’Est. Face à l’inaction des autorités égyptiennes et israéliennes, quelques personnalités bédouines extérieures au trafic tentent de s’organiser pour lutter contre ce trafic devenu système.
L’enseignement de l’histoire en Pologne depuis 2017
Authors: Tartakowsky Ewa
Published: April 2020

En s’appuyant sur une analyse des programmes d’histoire, introduits par la réforme de 2017 et un corpus de manuels scolaires, cette contribution vise à interroger le récit historique prescrit à l’école polonaise et la manière dont il s’articule et interfère avec la « politique historique » du parti PiS, au pouvoir depuis 2015. Il s’agit d’un moment de cristallisation qualitative du discours national ethno-religieux et d’une narration historique univoque, martyrologique et héroïsante. Ces éléments rompent avec « la pédagogie de la honte », censée avoir été promue par le précédent gouvernement, ainsi qu’avec les avancées de l’histoire dite critique, laquelle intègre des composantes extérieures à l’identité catholico-polonaise et le passé « non glorieux » de la société polonaise.
Deux révisions. Les affaires Dils et Sécher
Authors: Coste François-Louis
Published: April 2020

Les affaires Patrick Dils et Loïc Sécher sont deux erreurs judiciaires dont les mécanismes ont pu être démontés lors de la révision des procès en 2002 pour l’un, et 2011 pour l’autre – l’auteur de l’article étant dans les deux cas le représentant du ministère public. Dans le cas de Patrick Dils, condamné à tort à vingt-cinq ans de réclusion criminelle pour avoir tué deux enfants, la fragilité des aveux obtenus par l’inspecteur de police Varlet est patente, tandis qu’à l’inverse, leur force et leur horreur produisent un effet sidérant sur la justice. C’est un fait nouveau, les déclarations de Francis Heaulme, qui permet de réviser le dossier et de reprendre à nouveaux frais le récit des aveux et d’autres données et constatations matérielles, dont un témoignage qui avait été négligé. Quant à Loïc Sécher, il est accusé de viols par ailleurs invérifiables, sur une adolescente de 14 ans et sur sa seule parole. L’affaire met en cause l’analyse des experts qui disent la victime crédible et le présumé coupable pervers. Condamné à seize ans de réclusion criminelle, après une instruction sommaire, Loïc Sécher ne doit son acquittement qu’aux remords de la jeune fille qui avoue huit ans plus tard l’avoir accusé à tort.
La réception de la sagesse dans la sophiologie russe
Authors: Asproulis Nikolaos
Published: April 2020

La Sophia n’a jamais été pleinement et correctement reçue dans la pensée orthodoxe. Après l’exploration brève de son développement du point de vue de la relation Dieu-monde, à travers la pensée des grandes figures de la philosophie religieuse russe, à savoir Soloviev, Florensky et le plus influents parmi eux, Boulgakov, et une évaluation critique de sa réception historique au XX e  siècle par la théologie chrétienne (orthodoxe incluse), l’article propose une discussion préliminaire sur sa pertinence possible dans le dialogue à mener entre l’Église et la modernité.
Needle Length Requirement for Glenohumeral Joint Injection Using the Neviaser Approach
Authors: Teske Lucas , Al'Khafaji Ian , Graves Benjamin R.
Published: April 2020

Intra-articular glenohumeral joint injections are commonly performed in the clinical setting for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Multiple approaches are described, including the anterior and posterior approaches and the less studied superomedial (Neviaser) approach. The purpose of this study was to determine the length of needle required to enter the shoulder joint via the Neviaser approach by radiography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements. Additionally, the authors sought to identify any correlation between needle length and body mass index (BMI). They performed a retrospective review of 101 consecutive patients evaluated by one faculty member at their institution. Inclusion criteria were age older than 50 years, no previous shoulder surgery, no history of acromioclavicular joint injury, and having a true anteroposterior radiograph and MRI within 1 year of each other. Using a digital imaging system, the Neviaser approach needle path was drawn for both images, and the lengths were measured. Correlation coefficients for needle length and BMI were calculated. The images of 58 (57.4%) male patients and 43 (42.6%) female patients were evaluated (average BMI, 31.2 kg/m
2
). The average needle length measurement was 4.27 cm on radiograph and 3.9 cm on MRI. Correlation coefficients were
r
=0.36 (
P
=.0002) using radiographs and
r
=0.53 (
P
<.0001) using MRIs. When using the Neviaser approach, there is a moderate positive correlation between BMI and the measured distance between skin and the glenohumeral joint when assessed on MRI, and a weak positive correlation on radiographs. The authors conclude that an injection needle of 2 inches or greater is required to reliably access the shoulder joint, and this length may increase with increasing BMI. [
Orthopedics
. 2020;43(4):e215–e218.]
Jezik SMS-jev in SMS-komunikacija
Authors: Michelizza Mija
Published: April 2020

V prispevku predstavljamo SMS (angl. Short Message Service) kot vsesplošno razširjeno komunikacijsko sredstvo. Kaj danes pomeni pismenost, smo se prepričali na primeru SMS-komunikacije, ki predstavlja pomemben del našega vsakdana. SMS-ji nadomeščajo tako govorjena kot tudi pisana besedila in so lahko del neuradne ali uradne SMS-komunikacije. Svetovni splet, sleng, vsestransko prodirajoča angleščina ter omejitev na 160 znakov so odločilno vplivali na nastanek novega koda – jezika SMS-jev. Predstavljeno je tudi, kolikšen vpliv imajo na pisanje SMS-jev najrazličnejši poskusi standardizacije jezika SMS-jev.
O povedkovniku oziroma povedkovniškosti
Authors: Žele Andreja
Published: April 2020

Prispevek ima namen z opredelitvami in sklepi povzeti in skleniti vse dosedanje ugotovitve različnih domačih in tujih jezikoslovcev v trditev, da je povedkovnik ubesedena skladenjska kategorija s stalno in zato tipično skladenjsko vlogo za glagolskim pomožnikom – v zloženem povedku je povedkovnik pomenonosna sestavina. S slovaropisnega vidika bi bila ta povedkovniška vloga lahko predstavljena z oznako povdk.
Avtomobil - dvojezični strokovni slovar1 in (Breznikove?) nove besede v njem
Authors: Bokal Ljudmila
Published: April 2020

Članek opisuje nemško-slovenski in slovensko-nemški strokovni slovar z naslovom Avtomobil iz leta 1928 ter ugotavlja njegova slovaropisna načela. Se posebej opaža sodelovanje Antona Breznika pri oblikovanju novih besed.
Le double et la relique
Authors: Lenain Thierry
Published: April 2020

À partir d’observations directes in situ réalisées lors d’une visite du parc à thème Universal Studios Hollywood, et inspirée par la cadre-analyse d’Erving Goffman, l’étude porte sur quelques procédés de remodalisation de mondes filmiques à l’aide d’objets réels et d’images, entre reliques de tournage authentiques et simples doubles photographiques. Destinés à permettre une reconsommation ludique de ces mondes, les procédés en question participent du déploiement d’un éventail d’objets visuels très divers par leur nature, leur statut et leur mode de fonctionnement. Comment le visiteur moyen s’oriente-t-il parmi ces environnements visuels bien plus complexes qu’il n’y paraît ? Et quelles sont les compétences qu’il lui faut mettre en jeu afin de différencier ces objets ? Telles sont les questions posées ici.
Geometric Programming Dealing With Neutrosophic Relational Equations Under the (Max-Min) Operation
Authors: Khalid Huda E.
Published: April 2020

The neutrosophic relation equations are important elements of neutrosophic mathematics, and it can be widely applied in power systems, neutrosophic comprehensive evaluation. The aim of this chapter is to find the minimal solutions for the neutrosophic relation geometric programming having (V, Λ) operator. In this chapter, a max-min method has been built for finding an optimal solution in the neutrosophic relation equations, and a new characteristic matrix has been defined which is an important step to test the consistency of the system Aοx=b and for finding all effective paths that lead to the set of all quasi-minimum solutions. The gained results are reasonable and harmonized with those results in Khalid's work. The method overcomes the problems of poor convergence efficiency inherited from the stochastic hill-climbing method or genetic algorithms. The suggested algorithm has the intersection column method which was proposed to find the effective paths that neglect the fallacious paths, and two new theorems were presented to deal with the optimal solution for (NREGP).
New Unconventional Technique to Decipher MOTP in Neutrshopic Environment
Authors: Sikkannan Krishna Prabha , Shanmugavel Vimala
Published: April 2020

Many papers have been proposed so far in the field of fuzzy and intuitionistic fuzzy multi-objective transportation problems. An innovative technique to unravel multi-objective neutroshopic (NS) transportation problem called mean method is proposed in this chapter. The objectives which have different units to membership values are aggregated by finding the mean of the values. A new algorithm is developed in order to solve the problems of this type is explained in this work. A numerical example is instigated to demonstrate the technique and the consequence is compared with VAM's method.
A New LCS-Neutrosophic Similarity Measure for Text Information Retrieval
Authors: Alaran Misturah Adunni , Agboola AbdulAkeem Adesina , Akinwale Adio Taofiki , Folorunso Olusegun
Published: April 2020

The reality of human existence and their interactions with various things that surround them reveal that the world is imprecise, incomplete, vague, and even sometimes indeterminate. Neutrosophic logic is the only theory that attempts to unify all previous logics in the same global theoretical framework. Extracting data from a similar environment is becoming a problem as the volume of data keeps growing day-in and day-out. This chapter proposes a new neutrosophic string similarity measure based on the longest common subsequence (LCS) to address uncertainty in string information search. This new method has been compared with four other existing classical string similarity measure using wordlist as data set. The analyses show the performance of proposed neutrosophic similarity measure to be better than the existing in information retrieval task as the evaluation is based on precision, recall, highest false match, lowest true match, and separation.
Nurses’ Implementation of Guidelines for Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Authors: Cason Carolyn L. , Tyner Tracy , Saunders Sue , Broome Lisa
Published: April 2020

• Background Ventilator-associated pneumonia accounts for 47% of infections in patients in intensive care units. Adherence to the best nursing practices recommended in the 2003 guidelines for the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention should reduce the risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia.

• Objective To evaluate the extent to which nurses working in intensive care units implement best practices when managing adult patients receiving mechanical ventilation.

• Methods Nurses attending education seminars in the United States completed a 29-item questionnaire about the type and frequency of care provided.

• Results Twelve hundred nurses completed the questionnaire. Most (82%) reported compliance with hand-washing guidelines, 75% reported wearing gloves, half reported elevating the head of the bed, a third reported performing subglottic suctioning, and half reported having an oral care protocol in their hospital. Nurses in hospitals with an oral care protocol reported better compliance with hand washing and maintaining head-of-bed elevation, were more likely to regularly provide oral care, and were more familiar with rates of ventilator-associated pneumonia and the organisms involved than were nurses working in hospitals without such protocols.

• Conclusions The guidelines for the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention are not consistently or uniformly implemented. Practices of nurses employed in hospitals with oral care protocols are more often congruent with the guidelines than are practices of nurses employed in hospitals without such protocols. Significant reductions in rates of ventilator-associated pneumonia may be achieved by broader implementation of oral care protocols.
Ethics in compulsory education – Human dignity, rights and social justice in five contexts
Authors: Sporre Karin
Published: April 2020

What children learn through their ethics and values education in school is of crucial societal relevance and is directed by school curricula. As curricula vary between countries, an international comparison is of interest. The aim of this study was to compare curricula to reveal variations in how matters of social justice were described in curricular texts, with a special focus on class, gender and race. Curricula from five different contexts were compared: Namibia; South Africa; California State, United States of America; Province of Québec, Canada; and Sweden. This provided the study, originating in Sweden, with crucial comparative material from outside Europe. The studied curricula were systematically searched for the importance and significance of the terms ‘poverty/poor’, ‘gender’, ‘equity’, ‘equality’, ‘justice’, ‘race’, ‘racism’, ‘human dignity/rights’, ‘equal value’ and Ubuntu. Methodologically, this represented a qualitative content analysis approach with a research interest in intersectionality, that is, in how matters of class, gender and race intersect. The study showed considerable variation between the curricular formulations from the five contexts. For example, texts from California and Québec emphasised equality as a general matter and less as one of intersectionality, compared to Namibia and South Africa as well as Sweden. In general, human rights were emphasised, but human dignity less so. For future curricular development towards education as a global common good, matters of social justice, including sustainability, need critical monitoring. The aspects of intersectionality such as class, gender and race are thus crucial, as is the inclusion of an integrated, participatory view on students’ ethical competence.
Silicon isotope fractionation and uptake dynamics of three crop plants: laboratory studies with transient silicon concentrations
Authors: Frick Daniel A. , Remus Rainer , Sommer Michael , Augustin Jürgen , von Blanckenburg Friedhelm
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Silicon has been recognized an important element in global biogeochemical cycles for a long time. Recently, its relevance for global crop production gains increasing attention. Silicon is beneficial for plant growth and is taken up in considerable amounts by crops, likewise rice or wheat. The incorporation of silicic acid from the soil solution into the plants is accomplished by a variety of strategies (rejective, passive and active) that are subject to an intense debate. To forge a new perspective on the underlying processes, we investigated how the silicon stable isotope fractionation during plant growth depends on uptake strategy, transpiration, water use, and Si transfer efficiency. Crop plants with a rejective (tomato, Solanum lycopersicum and mustard, Sinapis alba) and active (spring wheat, Triticum aestivum) uptake were hydroponically grown for 6 weeks. Using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, the silicon amounts and the isotopic composition of the nutrient solution, the roots, and the shoots were determined. Wheat revealed the highest Si transfer efficiency from root to shoot followed by tomato and mustard. All three species preferentially incorporated light 28Si, with a fractionation factor 1000∙ln(α) of −0.33 ‰ (tomato), −0.55 ‰ (mustard) and −0.43 ‰ (wheat). Even though the rates of active and passive Si root uptake differ, the physico-chemical processes governing Si uptake and stable isotope fractionation do not, they are governed by a diffusion process. In contrast, the transport of silicic acid from the roots to the shoots depends on the preceding precipitation of silicic acid in the roots and the presence of active transporters at the root endodermis. Plants with a significant biogenic silica precipitation in roots (mustard, and wheat), preferentially transport silicon enriched in 30Si into their shoots, whereas the transport in tomato is governed by a diffusion process and hence preferentially transports light silicon 28Si into the shoots.
Elevated sources of cobalt in the Arctic Ocean
Authors: Bundy Randelle M. , Tagliabue Alessandro , Hawco Nicholas J. , Morton Peter L. , Twining Benjamin S. , Hatta Mariko , Noble Abigail , Cape Mattias R. , John Seth G. , Cullen Jay T. , Saito Mak A.
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Cobalt (Co) is an important bioactive trace metal that can limit or co-limit phytoplankton growth in many regions of the ocean. Total dissolved and labile Co measurements in the Canadian sector of the Arctic Ocean during U.S. GEOTRACES Arctic expedition (GN01) and the Canadian International Polar Year-GEOTRACES expedition (GIPY14) revealed a dynamic biogeochemical cycle for Co in this basin. The major sources of Co in the Arctic were from shelf regions and rivers, with only minimal contributions from other freshwater sources (sea ice, snow) and aeolian deposition. The most striking feature was the extremely high concentrations of dissolved Co in the upper 100 m, with concentrations routinely exceeding 800 pmol L−1 over the shelf regions. This plume of high Co persisted throughout the Arctic basin and extended to the North Pole, where sources of Co shifted from primarily shelf-derived to riverine, as freshwater from Arctic rivers was entrained in the Transpolar Drift. Dissolved Co was also strongly organically-complexed in the Arctic, ranging from 70–100 % complexed in the surface and deep ocean, respectively. Deep water concentrations of dissolved Co were remarkably consistent throughout the basin (~ 55 pmol L−1), with concentrations reflecting those of deep Atlantic water and deep ocean scavenging of dissolved Co. A biogeochemical model of Co cycling was used to support the hypothesis that the majority of the high surface Co in the Arctic was emanating from the shelf. The model showed that the high concentrations of Co observed along the transect were due to the large shelf area of the Arctic, as well as dampened scavenging of Co by manganese (Mn)-oxidizing bacteria due to the lower temperatures. The majority of this scavenging appears to have occurred in the upper 200 m, with minimal additional scavenging below this depth. Preliminary evidence suggests that both dissolved and labile Co are increasing over time on the Arctic shelf, and the elevated surface concentrations of Co likely leads to a net flux of Co out of the Arctic, with implications for downstream biological uptake of Co in the North Atlantic and elevated Co in North Atlantic Deep Water. Understanding the current distributions of Co in the Arctic will be important for constraining changes to Co inputs resulting from regional intensification of freshwater fluxes from ice and permafrost melt in response to ongoing climate change.
Does Learning, Development and Work Life Balance Affects Happiness: A Moderated Mediatory Model
Authors: Ullah Muhammad Haris , Siddiqui Danish Ahmed
Published: April 2020

Keeping the workforce happy is a major issue faced by today’s employers. The big challenge is to find what job-related factors can lead to happiness, the bigger challenge is to identify the sources that lead to happiness. We proposed a theoretical framework based on the research of (Joshanloo & Jarden, 2016) which studied hedonism as a major cause of happiness when moderated by individualism. We further extended the model, including career related goals that effect hedonism. Hence, we theorized that, work life balance, career development, learning affect hedonism, which subsequently effects happiness. Moreover, individualistic societies are proven to be more hedonistic (tend to value pleasure) and are more closely linked with happiness as compared to collectivist societies. Empirical validity was established by conducting a survey using a close ended questionnaire. Data was collected from 219 respondents from different organizations of Pakistan and was analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis and structured equation modeling to test the hypotheses testing the impact of all three career related factors to see how significantly they affect hedonism, which would ultimately have an impact on happiness. Results indicate that Individualism plays a significant positive role on happiness, as well as in directly, is it negatively complements the inverse effect of Hedonism on Happiness. Findings imply that the career related factors positively affect hedonism that would in turn bring more happiness. Most importantly, seeking pleasure is necessary to bring happiness. This study will benefit organizations working in Pakistan to identify the valuable sources of keeping their employees happy.
Percepção ambiental e mineração de agregados: o olhar da população urbano-rural de Ourém, Pará, Brasil
Authors: Coelho Yuri Cavaleiro de Macêdo , Lucas Flávia Cristina Araújo , Sarmento Priscila Sanjuan de Medeiros
Published: April 2020

A mineração tem se destacado em razão da diversidade e abundância de produtos que podem ser explorados dos ambientes naturais. Entretanto, esta atividade está fortemente associada a cenários de degradação ambiental e conflitos sociais. Em Ourém, município do nordeste paraense, a lavra de agregados para construção civil (areia, argila e seixo) é uma prática que já vem acontecendo há alguns anos. Diante disto, a presente pesquisa analisa a percepção ambiental de moradores atingidos direta ou indiretamente por atividade mineradora do referido município. A coleta de dados ocorreu com 154 residentes, utilizando: formulários estruturados; observação participante; conversas informais; entrevistas semiestruturadas e registros fotográficos. Os resultados mostram que os indivíduos estão mais preocupados com os problemas relacionados à segurança e ao emprego, em detrimento dos danos causados ao meio ambiente, inclusive com a mineração. Estatisticamente, as pessoas mais preocupadas com os agravos ambientais são os moradores com idade mais avançada, que residem há mais de 31 anos no município e possuem ocupação fixa. Sobre o trabalho das mineradoras, a população evidencia em proporção bem maior os impactos socioambientais negativos do que os positivos. Todavia, as pessoas demonstraram estar habituadas com os efeitos prejudicais da mineração e pouco se mobilizam para solicitar reparação de danos e contrapartidas sociais. As informações obtidas a partir dessas investigações são de suma importância como um registro de evidência científica disponível para a população e suas lideranças, tendo potencial de contribuir na articulação entre poder público e sociedade civil, bem como na elaboração de políticas públicas com base em projetos de diagnóstico ambiental que reflitam a visão dos diferentes atores envolvidos.
An Interpretation of Influences of Institutionalization on the Fate of Characters in “The Shawshank Redemption”
Authors: Peng Yuan-yuan
Published: April 2020

Institutionalization is mentioned over and over again in film “The Shawshank Redemption”. In this film, the institution refers to the fixed prison institution, and institutionalization refers to a process of rigidifying prisoners’ behaviors, thoughts and mindsets in some imperceptible constraint mechanisms. In this process, the prisoners are forced to change their original behaviors, thoughts and ideas, and begin to accept, get used to and even depend on the current situation little by little. As a result, they become obedient to such prison management. They don’t want or dare to change their realistic conditions, but have to depend on them for survival. The death of Brooks, pigeon Jake and Tommy, the fear of Red and the escape of Andy are all associated with institutionalization. In this paper, influences of institutionalization on the fate of characters in “The Shawshank Redemption” were analyzed. In addition, the wisdom of coping with and avoiding institutionalization was preliminarily analyzed.
Experience of Spiritual Coaching for Peer Educators
Authors: Choorat Preenapa , Sakunpong Nanchatsan , Patthaisong Surawut
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND: To protect against burnout syndrome and enhance the work capacity of peer educators who work with those who inject drugs under “A project to end AIDS, reduce new HIV infections and decrease tuberculosis in vulnerable populations of People Who Inject Drugs (PWID)”. This research aimed to study the process of the spiritual development of peer educators through exposure to spiritual coaching. The spiritual coaching in this study incorporated theoretical techniques of counseling psychology as well as an effective coaching approach.METHODS: This study was a qualitative research using the narrative approach. The data were collected from five in-depth interviews of peer educators who received spiritual coaching. The data were then analyzed by using thematic analysis.RESULTS: Three focus areas of the spiritual development of peer educators were found to be important/central: 1) knowledge and understanding, 2) enhancing experience and practice, and 3) belief in the spiritual to help with the field work.CONCLUSION: Base on the interaction between the counseling psychology theories and other related theories, the results of this study supported the benefits arising from improvements in the spiritual identity of the peer educators. This was reflected in the enhanced mental energy and work strategies. The latter finding can be applied to other peer educators who work with those who inject drugs in other settings.
Insecticide Resistance and Detoxification Enzymes Activity in Nilaparvata lugens Stål Against Neonicotinoids
Authors: Khan Muhammad Musa , Kaleem-Ullah Rana Muhammad , Siddiqui Junaid Ali , Ali Shahbaz
Published: April 2020

The Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) is one of the most destructive pests of rice crops in Asian. To assess the resistance of imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, clothianidin, and nitenpyram, N. lugens exposed to each pesticide up to 15 generations. Results showed that the resistance of N. lugens increased significantly against imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, clothianidin, and nitenpyram (neonicotinoids) under selection pressure. There was a 118.07-fold increase in resistance against imidacloprid, 90.37-fold against thiamethoxam, 217.81-fold against clothianidin, and 34.09-fold against nitenpyram in 15th generation as compared to F0. Based on fold increase, imidacloprid and clothianidin subjected for enzymatic analysis and results showed that enzyme activity involves resistance development against neonicotinoids. Cytochrome P450, esterase, and GST had significantly higher activity as the generation passes under the selection pressure of imidacloprid and clothianidin. There was a significant correlation existed between GST, and esterase activity, when compared to LC50 of imidacloprid. GST, esterase and P450 showed a significant correlation with LC50 of clothianidin. The results showed that detoxification enzymes play an important role in insecticide detoxification. When the mixture of imidacloprid and clothianidin tested results showed that the mortality exerted was similar to control when imidacloprid and clothianidin resistant populations were exposed.
Mulberry (Morus nigra L., Moraceae) Hosting Scale Insects Crypticerya brasiliensis (Hempel, 1900) (Hemiptera: Monophlebidae) and Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (Targioni-Tozzetti, 1886) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) in the Federal District, Brazil
Authors: Castro Marcelo T. de , Montalvão Sandro C. L. , Peronti Ana Lúcia B. G. , Wolff Vera R. dos S. , Monnerat Rose G.
Published: April 2020

The black mulberry tree (Morus nigra L. Moraceae), a perennial shrub, is one of the most abundant species in the urban afforestation of Brasília, Federal District, Brazil. This work records the first occurrence of Crypticerya brasiliensis (Hempel, 1900) (Hemiptera: Monophlebidae) and Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (Targioni-Tozzetti, 1886) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) infesting M. nigra in the Federal District, Brazil. For this study, 20 specimens of M. nigra trees were inspected during September to October 2019, in two locations of the Federal District, Brazil, and the presence of scale insects were found on the trunks, stems, and leaves. The main damage caused by C. brasiliensis in the sampled trees were dry stems and branches along with yellow leaves, by the insects feeding mainly on the leaf veins. Pseudaulacapis pentagona was observed on the branches and stems of the plant isolated from the second sampling point. Infested branches were dry and leafless, with many scale insects, and some branches displayed small cracks. This is the first time M. nigra has been registered as a host plant of C. brasiliensis, as well as first occurrence of P. pentagona infesting M. nigra in the Federal District, Brazil.
Projektowanie pracy – potrzeba redefinicji podejścia do problematyki work-design
Authors: Hauk Mateusz
Published: April 2020

Celem artykułu było dokonanie przeglądu podejść do projektowania pracy, jak również zmian na rynku pracy, które skłaniają do redefinicji ujęcia problematyki work-design. W artykule opisano te koncepcje i podejścia do projektowania pracy (zarówno te znane na gruncie polskim, jak również te, którym w literaturze polskiej poświęcono mniej uwagi), które cieszyły się największym zainteresowaniem w naukach o zarządzaniu i pracy oraz przez lata kształtowały wytyczne praktyczne: naukowe zarządzanie Taylora, koncepcję Herzberga, model JCM Hackmana i Oldhama, witaminowy model Warra, koncepcję wymagań-kontroli Karaska, interdyscyplinarne podejście do projektowania pracy Campiona i Thayera.
Opisano również najważniejsze zmiany na rynku pracy, które wpłynęły na potrzebę rozszerzenia puli cech pracy ważnych z punktu widzenia dobrostanu pracowników, wskazując jednocześnie na potrzebę projektowania pracy z perspektywy nie tylko jednostki, ale także zespołu, przy uwzględnieniu wpływu i współodpowiedzialności pracowników.
Policies for Environmental Awareness in Tourist Accommodation. The case of Greece.
Authors: ORFANOUDAKI CHARA , TOUSI EVGENIA
Published: April 2020

The article describes the environmental impact of tourist accommodation in Greece, taking into consideration the international experience on the field. The focal point of research is related to the contemporary policies as they are implemented in Greece after the Kyoto Protocol. The article contains unpublished data form the Programme “Green Tourism” which is the main policy for energy upgrading in tourist accommodation. Furthermore, it describes the implemented interventions aiming to the improvement of the ecological footprint of hotels. Finally, the article suggests directions for further development as for the environmental awareness in the sector of tourist accommodation in Greece.