bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social Attitudes: Social Status and Sibling Constellation Correlates
Authors: Marjoribanks Kevin
Published: September 2011

Regression surface analysis was used to examine Adler's proposition that adults' social attitudes are related to siblings' variables and that the relations vary at different levels of family social situations. Surfaces were constructed from regression models which examined possible linear, interaction and curvilinear relations between birth order and sibsize and measures of dogmatism, radical-conservative attitudes, and tough-minded versus tender-minded social attitudes, at different family social-status levels for 250 adults. Generally, the findings suggest that at different levels of both sibsize and birth order the social attitudes of adults from lower social-status families, in relation to adults from higher status families, are more dogmatic and tough-minded. Also, at each social-status level adults from larger families have a tendency for lower dogmatism and more tender-minded attitudes.
Sampling Adequacy and the Semantic Differential
Authors: Dziuban Charles D. , Shirkey Edwin C.
Published: September 2011

Version Two of the Kaiser Measures of Sampling Adequacy was derived for a typical six-concept Semantic Differential. The over-all indices indicated that both concept and total correlation matrices would lead to comparable decisions regarding the psychometric quality of the sample data sets. The individual measures, however, showed considerable variability for some scales, placing several in a range which would make them suspect psycho-metrically. It was recommended that the concept of psychometric adequacy be used in determining the efficacy of one's Semantic Differential data for factor analytic procedures.
Similarity in Self-Esteem as a Function of Duration of Marriage among Student Couples
Authors: Schumm Walter R. , Figley Charles R. , Fuhs Nancy N.
Published: September 2011

The Tennessee Self-concept Scale was administered to a university sample of 54 married couples in an earlier study. Although the self-esteem scores of husbands and wives were moderately correlated and relatively close in magnitude, the scores did not tend to converge with length of marriage, supporting the hypothesis that mate-selection processes are responsible for the observed similarity in self-esteem between husbands and wives.
Born Again Status as a Factor in Death Anxiety
Authors: Young Michael , Daniels Seldon
Published: September 2011

320 rural high school students completed Templer's Death Anxiety Scale. Results of a 3-way analysis of variance yielded significant main effects for race, sex, and born again status. Higher death anxiety was exhibited by blacks, females, and non-Christians than by whites, males, and Christians.
Multiple Response Selections in Children's Perspective Taking
Authors: Wang Nina , Van Horn K. Roger
Published: September 2011

The present study re-examined Salatas and Flavell's (1976), “Perspective taking: The development of two components of knowledge.” Twenty Kindergarten, 20 second, and 20 third grade children were tested on two components of knowledge concerning views, (a) one observer has one view and (b) different observers have different views. Our results are consistent with traditional descriptions of the development of perspective taking but do not support the conclusions reached by Salatas and Flavell regarding the two components of perspective-taking knowledge. Contrary to that report, our study suggests that the “different observers-different views” concept is acquired earlier than the “one observer-one view” concept.
Test Anxiety Level and Test Format Preference
Authors: Green Kathy E.
Published: September 2011

Responses of 100 students to the Test Anxiety Scale were used to classify subjects by level of anxiety. Order of perceived difficulty of test formats from easiest to hardest was multiple-choice, true-false, problem-solving, completion, interpretive exercise, and essay. Preferences for formats were different for groups high and low in anxiety, but no differences in perceived difficulty were noted.
Drinking-Related Control Orientation and Alcohol Intoxication
Authors: Jones John , Coleman Gloria , St. Leger Sidney
Published: September 2011

Significant negative correlations (—.60, —28, —.36) were found between Drinking-related Locus of Control scores and semiannual intoxication rates in three different samples totalling 177 subjects. Persons reporting more perceived control over both intrapersonal and interpersonal pressures to drink (internal scorers) became reliably less intoxicated from alcohol during a 6-mo. period than people reporting less control (external scorers).
MMPI Short Forms: A Clinical Perspective
Authors: Edinger Jack D.
Published: September 2011

Although numerous studies have compared Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) short-form scores with scores obtained from the standard MMPI, recent (1980) reports by Butcher, Kendall, and Hoffman and Newmark, Woody, Ziff, and Finch suggest that a substantial interest in such comparisons may remain. It is questionable, however, whether further studies of this nature are warranted. In fan, such studies have only limited clinical significance and may, at times, lead to inaccurate conclusions about available short forms. The purpose herein is to demonstrate the limited utility of research in which short forms are evaluated purely in terms of their prediction of standard form results. Further, a number of more clinically significant questions in regard to MMPI short forms are presented hopefully as a catalyst for future research.
Eating Behavior, Emotions, and Overweight
Authors: Hudson Anne , Williams Stephen G.
Published: September 2011

Your Emotional Investment in Eating: A Test was administered to 26 subjects 20 or more pounds overweight, and to 36 subjects within 20 pounds of “desirable” weight. The test as a whole differentiated the groups as did 11 of 30 individual items. The overweight persons showed greater emotional reactivity, were more self-dissatisfied, more private or solitary in their eating habits, and more immoderate in eating than controls if bored or depressed.
Effects of Pretraining and Highly Redundant Irrelevant Dimensions on Acquisition and Response Latency in Identification of Concepts
Authors: Matthews Leroy , Miller Paul
Published: September 2011

64 subjects were required to learn a concept identification task. One half of the subjects learned a task in which one of the irrelevant dimensions was highly ( p = .75) redundant with the relevant dimension and one-half of the subjects learned a task in which all irrelevant dimensions were normally ( p = .5) redundant. One half of each of these groups received additional pretraining. The major findings were that mean response latencies were longer and acquisition was slower for groups trained with a highly redundant irrelevant dimension than for groups trained with normally redundant irrelevant dimensions. These results were interpreted as supporting an hypothesis that sampling sets remain large for groups trained with a highly redundant irrelevant dimension and are the basis for slower acquisition.
Geometric Mean as a Continuous Measure of Androgyny
Authors: Bryan Linda , Coleman Marilyn , Ganong Lawrence
Published: September 2011

Existing methods of scoring androgyny and a recommendation to use the geometric mean formula for estimating androgyny are presented. This produces interval data and retains valuable information. Compared with existing methods of scoring androgyny, the geometric mean is easier to compute, gives generally higher correlations with masculinity and femininity, and produces more normal distributions.
Detecting Emotional Disturbance with the Comrey Personality Scales
Authors: Comrey Andrew L.
Published: September 2011

Previous investigations have provided evidence for the efficacy of Comrey Personality Scales in discriminating between emotionally “abnormal” and “normal” groups. These correlations are believed to have been attenuated by the presence of emotionally disturbed individuals in the “normal” groups. The Comrey Personality Scales and two questionnaires containing items on life adjustment and marital adjustment were administered to a new sample of “normals.” Substantial correlations between Comrey scales and these criteria of adjustment were found, confirming the hypothesis that Comrey scales are useful for detecting emotional disturbance. These results also support the hypothesis that past correlations between these scales and “abnormal” vs “normal” criteria have been attenuated by the presence of abnormals in the “normal” groups.
Relationship between Sex, Sex-Role Characteristics and Coronary-Prone Behavior in College Students
Authors: Nix Janet , Lohr Jeffrey M.
Published: September 2011

Coronary-prone behavior is most prevalent in middle-age males. The incidence of coronary-prone behavior has been attributed to employment patterns in which male sex-role characteristics of achievement are encouraged. A relationship between coronary-prone behavior and sex-role orientation is thus implied. The present study was undertaken to determine the nature of the relationship. Multiple-regression analyses showed the greatest proportion of coronary-prone behavior is accounted for by masculine sex-role characteristics. The results support the hypothesis that coronary-prone behavior is a male sex-role characteristic. The common influences of sex-role socialization practices upon masculine and feminine characteristics and upon coronary-prone behavior are discussed.
Effects of Bogus Preloads on the Eating Behavior of Obese, Normal, and below Set-Point Normal Women
Authors: Doerman Alan L. , Kronenberger Earl J.
Published: September 2011

In a test of Schachter's stimulus-binding theory and Nisbett's set-point theory, 42 women between the ages of 18 and 26 yr. were selected on the basis of weight, dieting history, and parental weight history, and were assigned to one of three groups: obese, normal, or below set-point normal. In a repeated-measures design subjects were asked to grade the taste of peanuts under the two conditions, “high-expansion” bogus preloads and “low-expansion” bogus preloads. While subjects believed they were receiving methyl cellulose of two different grades of expansion, they received placebos. Taste grading was a distractor; the dependent variable was the grams of peanuts eaten. The study was based on Stunkard and Koch's earlier notion that the obese are relatively out of touch with the state of their gut. As predicted from Schachter, a significant interaction was found. The obese ate reliably more peanuts under the “low-expansion” bogus preload condition. Effects of groups and conditions were nonsignificant, eating behavior of the below set-point and obese groups was not similar despite predictions by Nisbett.
A Disconfirmation of the Relationship between Fear of Public Speaking and Irrational Beliefs
Authors: Lohr Jeffrey M. , Rea Richard G.
Published: September 2011

Fear of public speaking is associated with the personality variable of trait anxiety. Trait anxiety is also associated with irrational beliefs. Therapies designed to modify irrational beliefs have been successful in reducing fear about speaking and support the hypothesis that fear about speech is mediated by irrational beliefs. However, the present study showed that only one of 10 irrational beliefs, Demand for Approval, is positively correlated with fear about speaking. Demand for Approval scores were not statistically different for groups reporting high and low fear. The implications of the negative findings are discussed regarding cognitive processes and cognitive modification of fear about public speaking.
Measurement of Creativity: A Factor Analytic Study
Authors: Belcher Terence L. , Rubovits James J. , Dimeo Peter A.
Published: September 2011

To examine the inter-relationships among 10 representative tests of creativity 108 college students, ranging from sophomore to graduate status, completed all 10 tests which represented the personality-motivational variables and the process/cognitive variables involved in creativity. It was hypothesized that with a multifaceted view of creativity, the personal variables would be independent of measures of cognitive process. This hypothesis was partially supported. Orthogonal varimax factor analysis yielded five independent groups of creativity tests. One factor involved a logical convergent search process while three factors involved divergent thinking tests. The last factor involved tests of personal characteristics. Results tended to suggest that a “creativity test” does not exist. The underlying assumptions of creativity tests should be questioned and examined further.
Use of the MMPI with Patients Who Report Chronic Back Pain
Authors: Adams Kenneth M. , Heilbronn Mary , Silk Susan D. , Reider Eve , Blumer Dietrich P.
Published: September 2011

The report describes previous efforts to develop distinctive MMPI scales or profiles relating to chronic pain. While most efforts are directed towards low back pain, other forms and sites of chronic pain have produced comparable results. Consistency in results across samples may suggest a common series of routes or mechanisms which characterize patients who report chronic pain.
Utilizing the School to Control Head-Banging Behavior of a Child at Home
Authors: Prytula Robert E. , Joyner Kathleen B. , Schnelle John F.
Published: September 2011

A school-based reinforcement program was implemented to control a preschooler's head-banging behavior at home. At school, the child's participation in a preferred activity was contingent upon the absence of head-banging at home. This combined school-home procedure resulted in a marked decrease in incidence of head-banging.
Follow-up Analysis of the Use of Deception and Aversive Contingencies in Psychological Experiments
Authors: Pihl R. O. , Zacchia Camillo , Zeichner Amos
Published: September 2011

78 subjects who had participated in experiments involving deception and the use of aversive contingencies were interviewed and completed a questionnaire concerning their reactions to the study. Of the subjects, 20% were “bothered” by some aspect of the experiment. Subjects' dissatisfaction was greatest and lasted longest for issues other than deception and the use of aversives.
Sex Stereotypes and Leaders' Behavior as Measured by the Agreement Scale for Leadership Behavior
Authors: Brenner O. C. , Bromer John A.
Published: September 2011

The development of a 20-item self-report measure based on stereotypic male and female leaders behaviors is described. Results of an experiment with 66 male and 66 female managers indicate a significant preference for behaviors which reflect the male stereotype by managers of both sexes.
Maximum R2 Improvement and Stepwise Multiple Regression as Related to Over-Fitting
Authors: Lerner Jacqueline V. , Games Paul A.
Published: September 2011

A Monte Carlo study was conducted comparing the selection of subsets of multiple regression predictors by the methods of forward selection, backward selection, and a newer method that looks for the “best” possible subset of a given size. Sample correlation matrices were obtained for sample sizes of 25, 150, and 450. Only at the n = 25 case were any significant differences among these three methods observed, and even then the differences were judged to be trivial in terms of practical consequences. The method of stepwise selection (forward selection with statistical tests both for inclusion and deletion of variables) is recommended for naive users, but it will not prevent inflation of reported R2s when n is small.
Reliability and Validity of the Rational Behavior Inventory with Alcoholics
Authors: Shorkey Clayton T. , Moore Sean
Published: September 2011

The Rational Behavior Inventory, the IPAT Anxiety Scale, the Beck Hopelessness Scale, and the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory were given to 69 chronic alcoholics. The test scores, significantly correlated in the predicted direction, were low to moderate for rational thinking and anxiety ( r = −.53), hopelessness (r = −.30), and hostility ( r = −.65). The Rational Behavior Inventory had a reliability of .85 as measured by Cronbach's alpha and coefficients of reproducibility from .81 to .95 for the 11 factors that make up the inventory.
Learned Helplessness and the Self-Control Model of Depression
Authors: Rozensky Ronald H. , Kravitz Susan , Unger Rebecca
Published: September 2011

Self-reinforcement, one element of the self-control model of depression proposed by Rehm, was evaluated as to its relationship with Seligman's learned helplessness phenomenon. Within a nonclinical population, subjects were divided by their Beck Depression Inventory scores into a Non-depressed group and a Very Mildly Depressed group. Subjects in each group were exposed to one of three treatments, Learned Helplessness, Nonlearned Helplessness, and Control conditions based upon the Levine multidimensional discrimination task. Depressed subjects gave significantly more self-punishment and less self-reward than nondepressed subjects after exposure to the experimental conditions. A significant interaction of depressed X treatment condition and post hoc analyses suggest an explanation for the previously noted facilitation effects of learned helplessness and suggest a self-control inoculation against increased depression when normals are exposed to conditions of learned helplessness. Effects of the learned-helplessness experience are related to the self-control model of depression.
The Brain and Behavior: Casting Light into the “Black-Box”
Authors: Gerner Michael
Published: September 2011

Historically psychology could be criticized for taking a “black-box approach” in that environmental inputs and organism outputs (or observable behavior) were sufficient for some early practitioners to speculate about internal states, motivations, or the formal operation and structure of the box (brain) itself. Recent experiments in neuroanatomy, psychophysiology, and neural-behavioral science are providing a much needed link between the brain and behavior. Current research suggests that synaptic pathways in the brain which are developmentally determined are also predisposed to learning and can be altered by experience. This observation is discussed in relation to learning-disabled children and the opinion advanced that contemporary brain research offers new paradigms for psychology.
Responses of Terrestrial Slugs to Secretions of Stressed Conspecifics
Authors: Landauer Michael R. , Chapnick Susan D.
Published: September 2011

The responses of terrestrial slugs ( Lehmannia valentiana) to the mucus of stressed and nonstressed conspecifics were investigated. The latency to leave filter paper containing freshly secreted mucus from individuals stressed by prodding with a forceps was significantly faster than latencies to leave filter paper treated with mucus from nonstressed conspecifics. Stressed slugs may release substance(s) aversive to conspecifics.
Childhood Pets and Their Influence on Adults' Attitudes
Authors: Serpell James A.
Published: September 2011

A survey of 120 adult subjects was conducted to investigate the influence of childhood experience with pets (dogs and cats) on an individual's subsequent liking for pets when adult. The results demonstrate a significant association between a person's contact with pet-animals during childhood and his tendency to keep pets, usually of the same species, as an adult. Some theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
The Self-Efficacy Scale: Construction and Validation
Authors: Sherer Mark , Maddux James E. , Mercandante Blaise , Prentice-Dunn Steven , Jacobs Beth , Rogers Ronald W.
Published: September 2011

Self-efficacy theory asserts that personal mastery expectations are the primary determinants of behavioral change. Further, it is suggested that individual differences in past experiences and attribution of success to skill or chance result in different levels of generalized self-efficacy expectations. To measure these generalized expectancies, a Self-efficacy Scale was developed. A factor analysis yielded two subscales: a General Self-efficacy subscale (17 items) and a Social Self-efficacy subscale (6 items). Confirmation of several predicted conceptual relationships between the Self-efficacy subscales and other personality measures (i.e., Locus of Control, Personal Control, Social Desirability, Ego Strength, Interpersonal Competence, and Self-esteem) provided evidence of construct validity. Positive relationships between the Self-efficacy Scale and vocational, educational, and military success established criterion validity. Future research and clinical uses of the scale were discussed.
Nominal and Interacting Groups as Bayesian Information Processors
Authors: Brightman Harvey J. , Lewis Danny J. , Verhoeven Penny
Published: September 2011

Nominal groups behave more like Bayesian information-processors than interacting groups. Six nominal and six interacting groups of four managers each were given a probabilistic inferential task using the Phillips and Edwards' experimental procedure. The mean nominal group response for the problem (.667) was substantially closer to the Bayesian posterior probability (.81) than was the mean interacting group response (.498).
Alcoholics' Personalities: Extravert or Introvert?
Authors: Tarnai John , Young Francis A.
Published: September 2011

While some data on pre-alcoholics' personality suggests that alcoholics may be extraverted, Eysenck's theory of personality predicts that alcoholics are introverted. This study attempted to determine whether alcoholics were primarily extraverts, introverts, or ambiverts. Four groups of subjects (28 inpatients, 16 outpatients, 24 DWIs, and 8 staff) from two alcoholism treatment centers were given a measure of extraversion-introversion, the MacAndrew Alcoholism Scale, and a self-report measure of the average daily volume of alcohol consumed. The alcoholic groups scored in the introvertive direction, while the non-alcoholic groups scored in the extravertive direction. Findings suggest that extraversion is related to treatment outcome, with introverts having a poorer prognosis for recovery than extraverts.
Women's Reactions to Reproductive Problems
Authors: Baker Mary Anne , Quinkert Kathleen
Published: September 2011

In this study of reproductive problems and women's reactions to them, 30% reported an unplanned pregnancy, 13% had infertility problems, 4% had an abortion, 18% had a miscarriage, 5% experienced infant death, 18% had difficult pregnancies or delivery, 15% had a tubal ligation, and 15% had an hysterectomy. There were marked psychological responses of depression and increased stress which improved as the women learned more about the problem and drew closer to their families and others with similar problems.
Effects of Acute Exercise and Cigarette Smoking on Autonomic and Neuromuscular Responses to a Cognitive Stressor
Authors: Russell Peggy O. , Epstein Leonard H. , Erickson Kristin T.
Published: September 2011

The effects of smoking and acute aerobic exercise as coping responses to stress were studied in 12 male sedentary smokers. Changes in heart rate, skin conductance, and electromyographic activity were assessed during the coping responses and a mental arithmetic stressor. Analysis showed smoking and exercise increased heart rate and skin conductance, while exercise reduced electromyographic activity. No reliable effects of the coping responses on heart rate, skin conductance levels, or electromyographic changes to the stressor were observed.
Fathers' Absence and Moral Development of Male Delinquents
Authors: Daum James M. , Bieliauskas Vytautas J.
Published: September 2011

To investigate the relationship between their fathers' absence and moral development, 40 urban adolescent males adjudicated as delinquents were randomly selected from a Juvenile Court population. 20 of them came from families in which fathers were absent and 20 lived with fathers present. Both groups were administered Form B of Kohlberg's Moral Judgment Interview. Statistical comparisons of the mean moral maturity scores suggested that male delinquents whose fathers were present attained higher moral maturity scores than those whose fathers were absent.
Contributions to Psychohistory: VIII. Perspectives on Bilingual Education in the Austrian Empire and the United States of America: Is the Assumption of Temporal Catenation of Linguistic and Territorial Separatism Valid?
Authors: Krus David J. , Brazelton Joan M.
Published: September 2011

Speeches of a minority representative made in the Austrian parliament between 1892 and 1907 were abstracted for statements pertaining to bilingual and multi-cultural education. Using a method of transtemporal cognitive matching, these statements were compared with statements emulating the opinions of contemporary advocates and opponents of bilingual education. Results were interpreted within the historical context of coincidence of linguistic and territorial separatism.
Effect of Avoidance-Avoidance Conflict on Magnitude of Startle: Reduced Fear during Conflict
Authors: Allan Mary J. , Armus Harvard L.
Published: September 2011

The present study used 13 male, hooded rats in a within-subjects design to test the hypothesis that a modified avoidance-avoidance conflict situation in a discrimination learning task would evoke a more intense auditory startle reaction than would the absence of such conflict. The presumed mechanism was an increase in drive or arousal, as a consequence of the conflict, resulting in greater startle. The findings were inconsistent with the hypothesis; the startle reactions of animals in a conflict situation were not different from those of animals in a non-conflict situation.
Learning Skills and Types of Temperaments as Discriminants between Intrinsically and Extrinsically Motivated Children
Authors: Tzuriel David , Klein Pnina S.
Published: September 2011

Intrinsic motivation as a personality orientation and its relationship to learning skills, types of temperament, and curiosity ratings was investigated at kindergarten age. 236 kindergarten children were given the Picture Motivation Scale and the Adelphi Parent Administered Readiness Test. The teachers rated the children on Thomas, Chess, and Birch's types of temperament and on 9 categories of curiosity and creativity from the California Child Q set. A discriminant function analysis indicated significant discrimination between intrinsically and extrinsically motivated children on sex, writing ability, visual perception, vividness-energy, persistence, and attention span. A differential cognitive functions explanation is offered.
Maslach Burnout Inventory: Factor Structure and Norms for British Nursing Staff
Authors: Firth Hugh , McIntee Jean , McKeown Paul , Britton Peter G.
Published: September 2011

This study reports evidence that the factor structure of the Maslach Burnout Inventory scales may change when the scales are used as part of a wider range of items assessing feelings about work. Results from a sample of nursing staff suggested that feelings of being ‘emotionally drained’ were distinct from feelings of ‘frustration and discouragement about work.’ The extent (or lack) of personal accomplishment was confirmed as a salient factor among feelings about work. Scores on the scale for this sample of nurses were comparable with those in other studies, except that depersonalization scores were lower. This may reflect either lower incidence or lowered awareness.
Clinical Ratings: Relationship to Objective Psychometric Assessment in Individuals with Dementia
Authors: Block Robert I. , Devoe Marlene , Russell Mary , Pomara Nunzio
Published: September 2011

The efficacy of drugs for the treatment of memory impairment in elderly patients with dementia is frequently established by a combination of subjective and objective psychological assessments. Often these assessments produce conflicting results. To throw some light on the relation between subjective and objective assessments, we examined the correlations of subjective ratings on the Sandoz Clinical Assessment—Geriatric (SCAG) and scores on objective cognitive tests of demented patients (9 men and 14 women) being screened for participation in an experimental drug trial. Our results showed agreement between some SCAG scores and performance on tests assessing orientation and information and global measures of memory and cognitive function. Subjective and objective assessments were not redundant, however; both should be included when evaluating the efficacy of pharmacological treatments for dementia.
Comparison of Multidimensional Measures of Aggression
Authors: Govia Joseph Michael , Velicer Wayne F.
Published: September 2011

Despite the research generated on two of the most widely employed measures of aggression, the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory and the Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration Study, there has been no analysis of the relationship between scores on these tests although such information permits evaluation of the redundacy of these measures. 122 university students completed both measures and also the Desirability Scale from the Jackson Personality Research Form. Analysis yielded generally low correlations which followed predictable patterns. Overlap was found only in outwardly directed displays of aggression. The Desirability Scale was significantly correlated with dimensions of the Picture-Frustration Study but was uncorrelated with Buss-Durkee scores.
Inquiry into the Incidence of Hyperlexia in a Statewide Population of Children with Pervasive Developmental Disorder
Authors: Burd Larry , Kerbeshian Jacob , Fisher Wayne
Published: September 2011

Hyperlexia is a condition occurring in a group of children who traditionally have been described as having word-recognition reading skills which far exceed their other language and cognitive abilities. The incidence of this particular skill in a group of children with pervasive developmental disorders had not previously been documented. In the state of North Dakota 68 children who meet DSM-III criteria for pervasive developmental disorders (including autism) have been identified. Four of these children show hyperlexia. This computes to a prevalence rate of 6.6% of school-aged children with pervasive developmental disorders.
A Scale for Assessing Belief in Lunar Effects: Reliability and Concurrent Validity
Authors: Rotton James , Kelly I. W.
Published: September 2011

Normative, reliability, and validity data for a short (9-item) scale that assesses belief in lunar effects are presented. As hypothesized, scores on this scale were correlated with those on instruments measuring belief in paranormal phenomena. It is suggested that the construct validity of belief in paranormal phenomena can be improved by including this brief scale in research on superstitious behavior.
Motivation of Video Game Players
Authors: Morlock Henry , Yando Todd , Nigolean Karen
Published: September 2011

44 men and 73 women, freshman college students, rated statements about video games. Analyses indicated those who played frequently were motivated both to master the games and to compete with others. Women who played infrequently seemed to have similar achievement motivation in general but less interest specifically in mastering the games.
Boundary Spanners and Self-Monitoring: An Extended View
Authors: Dubinsky Alan J. , Hartley Steven W. , Yammarino Francis J.
Published: September 2011

Boundary spanners have a unique organizational role which includes receiving and transmitting information across organization-environment interfaces. As a result, the self-monitoring (ability to perceive social cues and adjust behaviors to fit the situation) of boundary spanners may affect their performance and role perceptions. Data from a two-sample investigation of boundary spanners suggest that self-monitoring is not related to objective indicators of performance or role conflict but is positively associated with role ambiguity. Moreover, these results were not contingent on boundary spanners' job tenure.
Relationship of Anxiety and Depression Scores to WAIS Performance of Psychiatric Patients
Authors: Correll Robert E.
Published: September 2011

Relationships between the D scale of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and the Taylor Scale of Manifest Anxiety and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale were investigated in 464 acute psychiatric inpatients divided into four age-sex groups. Bivariate product-moment and multiple regression coefficients were obtained between Taylor's scale and D scale scores and both relative and absolute WAIS subtest scores, Verbal IQ, Performance IQ, and Full Scale IQ. 21 of 288 first-order and 7 of 144 multiple regression coefficients were significant. 18 of 21 significant first-order correlations occurred on timed subtests. IQ range had little effect on the magnitude or pattern of relationships obtained. With the exception of the Block Design there was little evidence of any systematic relationship between WAIS performance and either the anxiety or depression scale scores.
Sex Differences in Given Name Preferences
Authors: Joubert Charles E.
Published: September 2011

When asked to list preferences for boys' and girls' names, 92 male college students were more likely than were 222 females to select common or dated names but less likely to opt for unusual or currently popular names. Other sex differences in naming preferences were discussed.
Comparison of Experiences of Men and Women following a Plant Shutdown
Authors: Burke Ronald J.
Published: September 2011

This analysis compared the experiences of 155 men and 22 women who lost their jobs when the Canadian Admiral plant closed. Data were collected by questionnaire 16 mo. after the plant closed. A modest number of statistically significant sex differences were noted. In most cases, women were relatively disadvantaged. Fewer women found new jobs, and those who did were earning significantly lower wages than were the men.
Contributions to the History of Psychology: XXXVII. Katherine Jones (1892–1983)
Authors: Jackson D. Joyce
Published: September 2011

Katherine Jones, “recipient of a ring” and disciple of Sigmund Freud, deserves a place in psychoanalytic history. Without her, Ernest, her husband, might not have been able to write his three-volume biography of Sigmund Freud and quite possibly The International Psychoanalytic Journal, which furthered the psychoanalytic movement in England and America, might never have been printed. Her greatest contribution, the English translation of Freud's last significant book, Moses and Monotheism, merits credit long overdue.
“Terminal Drop” as a Sign of Depression in Elderly Individuals: An Hypothesis
Authors: Brumback Roger A.
Published: September 2011

Cognitive deterioration or “terminal drop” has been associated with impending death in elderly individuals. The neuropsychological test pattern of this cognitive disturbance is similar to that noted in patients with major depressive disorder. This similarity has led to the hypothesis that “terminal drop” may be a sign of masked depression in the elderly. Anti-depressant therapy (pharmacotherapy or electroconvulsive therapy) has been shown to improve neuropsychological function in depressed individuals. According to this hypothesis, antidepressant therapy of elderly individuals having neuropsychological profiles consistent with the terminal drop pattern should ameliorate the (masked) depression, improve neuropsychological performance, and prolong survival.
Depression and Expectations of Satisfaction
Authors: Sacco William P.
Published: September 2011

12 participants in an adult education class titled “Coping with Depression” reported their expectations of satisfaction for planned pleasant events. Based upon a median split of Beck Depression Inventory scores, subjects were divided into depressed and nondepressed categories. Consistent with current psychosocial theories of depression, depressed subjects expected a significantly lower satisfaction from planned events than did nondepressed subjects. Depression scores were significantly correlated —.60 with expectations. In addition, a group of 12 psychology graduate students and staff rated the events planned by the depressed and nondepressed subjects for their inherent satisfaction. No significant differences were found between mean ratings of the events planned by depressed and nondepressed subjects. The depressed groups' expectations closely matched the ratings of the graduate students and staff. In contrast, nondepressed subjects' expectations were far higher. These results are discussed in terms of whether depressives' expectations are unrealistically pessimistic or are realistic.
Use of Animals in the Rehabilitation of Psychiatric Inpatients
Authors: Beck Alan M. , Seraydarian Louisa , Hunter G. Frederick
Published: September 2011

This study compared the impact of therapy and activity groups on two matched groups of 8 and 9 psychiatric inpatients. Daily sessions of the groups were held for 11 wk. in identical rooms except for the presence of caged finches in one of the rooms. The patients were evaluated before and after the sessions using standard psychiatric rating scales. The group who met in the room that contained animals (a cage with four finches) had significantly better attendance and participation and significantly improved in areas assessed by the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. Other positive trends indicated that the study should be replicated with larger samples and modified to increase interactions with the animals.
Mood Connotations of a Locus of Control Questionnaire
Authors: Bouman Theo K. , Lambert Hein , Luteijn Frans
Published: September 2011

This study investigated the role of possible mood connotations in the frequently found positive relationship between external locus of control and depression. A sample of 247 “normal” subjects completed a short Dutch Locus of Control scale, mood ratings of its items, and the Depression Symptom Inventory. Results indicate that the mood connotations did not affect the correlations between depression and both the internal and the external locus of control scales.
Effects of Stereotypic Expectation on Evaluation of Written English Attributed to Handicapped and Nonhandicapped Students
Authors: Barowsky Ellis I.
Published: September 2011

Special education and mainstream teachers were asked to evaluate passages of written language equated for frequency of error and attributed to exceptional and mainstream students. Greater error was perceived in those passages attributed to the exceptional student by both groups of teachers.
Relationship of Intrinsic-Extrinsic Religiousness and Assertiveness
Authors: Kraft William A. , Litwin Walter J. , Barber Scott E.
Published: September 2011

This study provided preliminary data on the relationship between religiousness and assertiveness. Two scales for each variable were completed by 107 undergraduates. The results did not support a fourfold (subtypes) conceptualization of religiousness with assertiveness as the dependent measure. There was no significant correlation between intrinsic religiousness and assertiveness but a significant though small inverse correlation between extrinsic religiousness and assertiveness.
Spontaneous Attributions of Heavy Drinking by Men and Women Who Drink Frequently or Infrequently
Authors: Johnson Patrick B. , Danyko Stephen , Herrera Janet , Reszka Diane
Published: September 2011

This study compared spontaneous attributions of 38 frequent and 42 infrequent drinkers regarding the causes of alcohol abuse. Attributions of women involved fewer past events and more positive affect than men to explain why people drank excessively. Similar differences were found in the attributional patterns of frequent men and women drinkers. The results were discussed first in relation to previous attributional research in which a forced-choice format had been employed to infer causal ascriptions of problem drinking. The importance of differences in attributions in understanding the etiology of problem drinking in men and women was also discussed.
Sex Differences in Prediction of Academic Performance by the Graduate Record Exam
Authors: Kaczmarek Margaret , Franco Juan N.
Published: September 2011

The relationship between Graduate Record Exam (GRE) scores and graduate grade-point average (GPA) for Caucasian men and women in a Master's program in counseling was investigated. Scores on neither the Quantitative nor the Verbal scales of the GRE were correlated with GPA for men, but Quantitative scale scores were significantly correlated with GPA for women.
Effect of Marital Discord on Parental Reports on the Child Behavior Checklist
Authors: Rosenberg Leon A. , Joshi Paramjit
Published: September 2011

The relationship between indicators of marital discord and differences between parents' reports of the behavior of their children on a symptom/behavior checklist was investigated for a sample of 18 consecutive admissions to an inpatient child psychiatry program. The parents independently and separately were administered the Achenbach and Edelbrock Child Behavior Checklist. An experienced clinician rated the families on three indices of marital discord following a paired-comparison procedure. The findings indicated that the greater the marital difficulty, the greater the difference in the adults' ratings of behavior difficulties in the children. Since marital discord can influence parents' perceptions of their children's behavior, sex of parent cannot be ignored as a variable in studies utilizing behavioral checklists for such purposes as a dependent measure of therapeutic change.
Age and Sex Differences on the State-Trait Personality Inventory
Authors: Stoner Sue B. , Spencer W. Boyd
Published: September 2011

The State-Trait Personality Inventory was administered to 150 volunteers whose ages ranged from 21 to 83 yr. Participants were placed into one of three groups on the basis of their chronological age: young adults (21 to 39 yr.), middle-age (49 to 59 yr.), and old (60 to 83 yr.). Analysis indicated no significant main effects for age group on any of the six subscales with education statistically controlled. Significant sex differences were found on the Trait Anxiety Scale; women had higher trait anxiety. There was no significant interaction of sex and age. Implications of results were discussed.
Factor Analysis of Sex-Typed Items from the Bem Sex-Role Inventory: A Multiple Replication across Time
Authors: Waters L. K. , Popovich Paula M.
Published: September 2011

Replications of two factor analyses of the Bern Sex-role Inventory published in the 1970s were conducted for two samples of college students ( Ns = 362 and 267). Four factors, which were almost identical to those of the previous analyses, were obtained in each sample. One of the factors essentially represented the sex of the respondent. A second factor, representing an expressive, affective orientation, contained loadings of about half of the feminine sex-typed items. The masculine sex-typed items split into two factors. One stressed dominance, aggressiveness, and leadership while the other stressed independence, individuality, and self-sufficiency. These latter factors were interpreted in relation to two masculine orientations suggested by Bakan in 1966 and Parsons and Bales in 1955.
The evolutionarily conserved MOS4-associated complex
Authors: Johnson Kaeli , Dong Oliver , Li Xin
Published: September 2011

Recent work in plant immunity has shown that MOS4, a known intermediate in R protein mediated resistance, is a core member of the nuclear MOS4-associated complex (MAC). This complex is highly conserved in eukaryotes, as orthologous complexes known as the CDC5L-SNEVPrp19-Pso4 complex and the Nineteen complex (NTC) were previously identified in human and yeast, respectively. The involvement of these complexes in pre-mRNA splicing and spliceosome assembly suggests that the MAC probably has a similar function in plants. Double mutants of any two MAC components are lethal, whereas single mutants of the MAC core components mos4, Atcdc5, mac3, and prl1 are all viable and display pleiotropic defects. This suggests that while the MAC is required for some essential biological function such as splicing, individual MAC components are not crucial for complex functionality and likely have regulatory roles in other biological processes such as plant immunity and flowering time control. Future studies on MAC components in Arabidopsis will provide further insight into the regulatory mechanisms of the MAC on specific biological processes.
Linking diversity to function: highlight on the mineral weathering bacteria
Authors: Uroz Stéphane , Frey-Klett Pascale
Published: September 2011

What is the best way to identify new functions for which we currently know nothing? Here, we discuss the importance of combining cultivation-dependent and -independent approaches to identify new functions and new genes. We argue that although the cultivationdependent approach is presently viewed as an “old fashioned”, focusing only on a limited proportion of the total bacterial communities, it remains essential to the characterization as well as the discovery of new potential functions in bacteria. This will allow us to highlight potential model bacterial strains for further genomic and genetic studies and to identify genes of interest. By illustrating an example of a function for which our current knowledge is so far limited, mineral weathering, we highlight different steps necessary to study of the mineral weathering bacterial communities, decipher their respective role as well as their distribution in various ecological niches of the soil.
Non-erythroid beta spectrin interacting proteins and their effects on spectrin tetramerization
Authors: Sevinc Akin , Fung Leslie
Published: August 2011

With yeast two-hybrid methods, we used a C-terminal fragment (residues 1697–2145) of non-erythroid beta spectrin (βII-C), including the region involved in the association with alpha spectrin to form tetramers, as the bait to screen a human brain cDNA library to identify proteins interacting with βII-C. We applied stringent selection steps to eliminate false positives and identified 17 proteins that interacted with βII-C (IPβII-C s). The proteins include a fragment (residues 38–284) of “THAP domain containing, apoptosis associated protein 3, isoform CRA g”, “glioma tumor suppressor candidate region gene 2” (residues 1-478), a fragment (residues 74–442) of septin 8 isoform c, a fragment (residues 704–953) of “coatomer protein complex, subunit beta 1, a fragment (residues 146–614) of zinc-finger protein 251, and a fragment (residues 284–435) of syntaxin binding protein 1. We used yeast three-hybrid system to determine the effects of these βII-C interacting proteins as well as of 7 proteins previously identified to interact with the tetramerization region of non-erythroid alpha spectrin (IPαII-N s) [1] on spectrin tetramer formation. The results showed that 3 IPβII-C s were able to bind βII-C even in the presence of αII-N, and 4 IPαII-N s were able to bind αII-N in the presence of βII-C. We also found that the syntaxin binding protein 1 fragment abolished αII-N and βII-C interaction, suggesting that this protein may inhibit or regulate non-erythroid spectrin tetramer formation.
A commentary on the shape of loess particles assuming a spatial exponential distribution for the cracks in quartz
Authors: Howarth John
Published: August 2011

An important property of loess is a tendency to collapse on loading and wetting (hydroconsolidation) which can have serious consequences worldwide for civil engineering projects. Randomly generated particles are classified according to Zingg shape categories: disc, sphere, blade and rod. This paper differs from the previous by the same author [8] in that a uniform distribution is no longer assumed for the underlying spatial distribution. Randomly placed faults in the quartz mother-rock lead naturally to an exponential distribution for the linear dimension of the basic particle. Monte Carlo processes and analytical formulae are used to calculate the average dimensions for particles in the blade category, into which most loess has been shown to fall.