bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vote-selling as unethical behavior: Effects of voter’s inhibitory self-control, decision toward vote-buying money, and candidate’s quality in Indonesia election
Authors: Halida Rizka , Susianto Harry , Mujani Saiful , Pratama Annas J.
Published: October 2022

This study examines two stages of vote-selling among voters: to accept or refuse money, and then to vote for the vote-buyer or competitor. Using unethical behavior and money-as-temptation as a framework, we predict that the amount of the money will influence the decision to accept, but that the effect will be lower among voters with higher inhibitory self-control (ISC). We also predict that accepting money will influence the vote choice, but that the influence will be lower when the competitor has higher levels of integrity and leadership. Overall, the voters decision on money offered will moderate the relations between amount of money and vote choice. A population-based survey experiment with 1,220 participants of Indonesian voters was conducted to test these predictions. Participants were randomly assigned to one of 12 groups using a 4 (money offered: IDR50,000 vs. 100,000 vs. 150,000 vs. none) × 3 (candidate's personal quality: high leadership competitor vs. high integrity competitor vs. equal) between-group design. They made two hypothetical decisions: to accept or refuse the money, and to vote for the vote buyer or the competitor. The results showed that participants were signicantly tempted by larger amount of money, but the effect was moderated by ISC. However, there were no significant interaction between decision on money offered and candidates’ quality in influencing vote choice. Results from mediation analysis showed that accepting money was significantly mediate the influence of money on vote choice. Theoretical implications for understanding the practice of vote-buying and vote-selling are discussed.
acoustical investigation of Danish intonation: preliminary results
Authors: Thorsen Nina
Published: October 2022

The relationship between linguistic stress and fundamental frequency in short declarative sentences and the intonation contours of short declarative sentences, interrogative sentences, and non-terminal clauses in Advanced Standard Copenhagen Danish are investigated. A tentative model for Fo patterns and -contours in such short simple (i.e. non-compound) sentences is proposed. The model predicts the following (which is to a large extent confirmed by the data): A stressed syllable and all succeeding unstressed syllables within the same simple sentence constitute a stress group, irrespective of intervening morphological and syntactical boundaries. Sentence initial unstressed syllables constitute a separate entity and are lower than the first stressed syllable which is always relatively high. A stressed syllable is lower than the immediately succeeding unstressed syllable (in the same stress group). The unstressed syllables in the stress group describe a falling Fo course. The more unstressed syllables there are, the more likely the last ones are to be lower than the stressed syllable in the succeeding stress group. The stressed syllables describe a falling contour in declarative sentences and an almost level one in interrogative sentences where the only cue distinguishing the interrogative from the declarative sentence is the intonation. The rest of the interrogative sentences and the non-terminal clauses are situated between these two extremes.
Some data on North German stops and affricates
Authors: Fischer-Jørgensen Eli
Published: October 2022

The present paper presents some data on voicing (3.1), duration (3.2), intra-oral air pressure (3.3), airflow (3.4), subglottal pressure (3.5), and lip pressure (3.6) of German stops and affricates. On the basis of these data the last section discusses some more general problems, viz. the features distinguishing ptk and bdg (4.1), the reduction of aspiration after s (4.2), the distinction between stops and affricates (4.3), differences due to place of articulation (4.4), "heightened subglottal pressure" (4.5), and the relation between air pressure and airflow (4.6).
acoustic investigation of intrinsic vowel duration in Danish
Authors: Bundgaard Michael
Published: October 2022

The duration of twelve short and long stressed vowels in disyllabic nonsense words, embedded in a carrier sentence, recorded 10 times by each of five speakers, was measured. The vowels can be grouped (roughly) in five tongue height categories, and duration was found to increase significantly from category 1 (highest) through 5 (lowest), in about 1 cs steps. Unstressed vowels show the same tendency but the increase in duration with lower tongue height is considerably smaller. Variation in speaking rate (even rather considerable) did not significantly influence the relationship between high and low vowels. In contradistinction to earlier investigations, it seems that the difference in duration between long and short vowels is constant over different tongue heights, i.e. Vshort = Vlong – b, where b is a constant (approximately 5 cs).
Neutral stress, emphatic stress, and sentence intonation in Advanced Standard Copenhagen Danish
Authors: Thorsen Nina
Published: October 2022

The relationship between stress and fundamental frequency in short declarative and syntactically unmarked interrogative sentences, both with emphasis for contrast in various positions, is investigated and compared to prosodically neutral statements and questions on the basis of recordings by four speakers. Emphasis for contrast has a radical influence on the course of fundamental frequency, to the extent that the stress group which contains the stressed syllable of the emphasized word and its neighbours tonally reduce to one stress group. The influence from emphasis seems to reach farther on marked (non-declarative) than on unmarked (declarative) contours. Durational differences between utterances with and without emphasis for contrast are small, consisting mainly in a slight lengthening of the emphasized stress group, a lengthening which is to some extent counterbalanced by a shortening of the preceding stress group, if any.
Intonation contours and stress group patterns in declarative sentences of varying length in ASC Danish - supplementary data
Authors: Thorsen Nina
Published: October 2022

Intonation contours in non-compound declarative sentences containing from one to eight stress groups were analysed with special regard to the manifestation of prosodic boundaries. The results are compared with a previous analysis of a very similar material. The neat and easy match between the prosodic and some of the major syntactic boundaries exhibited by the earlier corpus is not immediately replicated by the present utterances. Resetting of the intonation contour taken rigidly to manifest prosodic phrase group boundaries leads to counterintuitive phrase contours, but on the other hand, the alternative or supplementary boundary criterion suggested in the paper cannot be applied automatically and unambiguously. This strengthens the claim that in syntactically unambiguous non-compound sentences, prosodic structure does not directly reflect or map syntactic structure. However, the four speakers' productions show a high degree of intra- as well as inter subject coherence, and the variation found in the intonation contours with varying sentence length is not random. Nevertheless, the principles governing the intonational properties, especially of the longer utterances, are not easily recovered, and it seems - maybe not surprisingly - that the semantic content of the (constituents of an) utterance must also be considered. The need for further research, also into the perception of prosodic structure, is evident.
Voice Assimilation of Stop Consonants and Fricatives in French and its Relation to Sound Duration and Intra-oral Air-pressure
Authors: Thorsen Oluf M.
Published: October 2022

No abstract
Can "the great tone split" in Thai be phonetically explained?
Authors: Rischel Jørgen
Published: October 2022

This paper deals with the so-called "Great Tone Split" in Thai, which in most dialects has taken a course contrary to the general contention that initial voiced and voiceless consonants, if they have any conditioning effect on tonogenesis, will trigger a difference between a lower tone in the former case, and a higher tone in the latter case. On this background it is discussed to what extent tonogenesis of this type is at all phonetically explicable at present.
Duration of French Vowels before Fricatives
Authors: Landschultz Karen
Published: October 2022

No abstract
Statistic Calculations of Formant Data
Authors: Frøkjær-Jensen Børge
Published: October 2022

No abstract
Phoneme System of Advanced Standard Copenhagen
Authors: Basbøll Hans
Published: October 2022

No abstract
Perceptual Studies of Danish Stop Consonants
Authors: Fischer-Jørgensen Eli
Published: October 2022

No abstract
On British English p-, b-, sp- and -s + b-
Authors: Petersen Henry
Published: October 2022

No abstract
study of the role of syllable and mora for the tonal manifestation in Greenlandic
Authors: Mase Hideo
Published: October 2022

No abstract
glottographic study of some Danish consonants
Authors: Frøkjær-Jensen Børge , Ludvigsen Carl , Rischel Jørgen
Published: October 2022

No abstract
phonological syllable with special reference to Danish
Authors: Basbøll Hans
Published: October 2022

No abstract
Acoustical and perceptual properties of the Danish stød
Authors: G. Thorsen Nina
Published: October 2022

No abstract
Evaluation of speech disorders by means of long-time-average-spectra
Authors: Frøkjær-Jensen Børge , Prytz Svend
Published: October 2022

No abstract
Den talfikserede middelalder - Om tal og deres betydninger i tidlig middelalderarkitektur og patristisk filosofi
Authors: Fleischer Jens
Published: October 2022

Forholdet mellem kvalitet og kvantitet har været et væsentligt tema i kritikkenaf den moderne arkitektur. Kritikken har rettet sig mod de kvantitative faktorersdominans: Forenklet sagt det, at funktionalistisk arkitektur er styret af tal, vedtypisk at gøre brug af masseproduktion, kalkulen som en ufejlbarlig metode, ogeksakte talmæssige normer for konstruktioner.Mit bidrag til denne diskussion har hentet inspiration et helt andet sted iarkitekturhistorien. Eksempler fra græsk filosofi og den tidlige middelalderstænkere viser, at tallene har haft mange betydninger og roller. I dag optræder detypisk under fællesbetegnelsen kvantitet. Til forskel fra dette generiske niveaubevæger jeg mig på et historisk plateau, hvor de oldkristne forfattere fortolkedenogle bestemte tal. Med denne tænkning fik de to betydninger: 1) tal som et praktisk redskab, fx ved afsætning af mål på byggepladsen, og 2) en dybere, skjult betydning, ofte brugt i kombination med privilegerede, geometriske former.Den sidste modus knyttede en metafysisk dimension til tallene. Dette tankestofinddrager jeg i en analyse af udvalgte tidligmiddelalderlige bygningsværker afcentralplantypen.
Et sted imellem
Authors: Romero Muelas Nathan
Published: October 2022

Debatindlæg
Anmeldelse
Authors: Søberg Martin
Published: October 2022

Spyros Papapetros og Julian Rose (red.)Retracing the Expanded Field. Encounters between Artand ArchitectureMIT Press 2014, 288 sider.
Temaintroduktion: Udstillingen som forskningsobjekt: Skandinaviske Exhibition Histories
Authors: Gregersen Anne , Handberg Kristian , Kjær Michael
Published: October 2022

I dette temanummer søger vi en åbnende kritisk genlæsning af udstillingen. I kraft af udstillingens korte aktualitet og samtidsfortolkende karakter, mener vi, den udgør en særlig kilde til nye forståelser af en given tid og dennes spejling i vores samtid. Vi har ikke tilrettelagt nummeret ud fra én særlig forståelse af Exhibition histories , men ser i feltet en mulighed for at belyse glemte sider af kunsthistorien i en tilgang, der både kan inkludere det kunstneriske eksperiment og kontekstens betydning.
Superlund: Lunds konsthall och det centrala i det perifera
Authors: MacLeod Katarina Wadstein
Published: October 2022

Superlund: Lunds konsthall och det centrala i det perifera
Kunst og cellekultur
Authors: Leth-Espensen Pernille
Published: October 2022

This article discusses a range of artworks made by the artist group The Tissue Culture & Art Project, artworks that literally grow, as they are created with living cells. It is argued that the artworks address growth from different perspectives. They address the preconditions for growth of cells in vitro; they address how negative or monstrous growth in one context may be positive in another and vice versa; and, finally, the artworks problematise lab-grown meat as a solution to ethical issues and climate problems caused by economic growth.
Manifesto for Collections-Based Research and Teaching
Authors: Fleming Martha
Published: October 2022

Most of this manifesto refers to the PhD level, but elements of this training are applicable to BA and MA contexts as well. My point is that research activity is the most vital constituent of any successful university learning environment, and research environments are not unique to the university. It is a pedagogical position, not an institutional location, and since collecting institutions are crucial to the production of knowledge in many fields, we can find such learning spaces in most collecting institutions as well.
Underground Blossomings: Serpentine thinking with other beings
Authors: Caceres Imayna
Published: October 2022

Underground Blossomings: Serpentine thinking with other beings
Desert Drone. Mapping the Rare Earth Frontier in Western Australia
Authors: Danielewitz Christian
Published: October 2022

Desert Drone. Mapping the Rare Earth Frontier in Western Australia
Blackness at the Edge of the World. Making Race in the Colonial Arctic
Authors: Pushaw Bart
Published: October 2022

Blackness at the Edge of the World. Making Race in the Colonial Arctic
The Value and Uses of Blackness. A Conversation with Denise Ferreira da Silva
Authors: El-Taki Sarah , Elg Emil , Cramer Nina
Published: October 2022

The Value and Uses of Blackness. A Conversation with Denise Ferreira da Silva
Disciplinary proceedings against healthcare practitioners facing criminal charges: The role of the Health Professions Council of South Africa
Authors: Kwinda M , Labuschaigne M , Slabbert M
Published: October 2022

The purpose of this article is to address the questions as to whether a criminal conviction of a healthcare practitioner should affect his or her professional standing, and whether such conviction constitutes ‘unprofessional conduct’ in terms of the Health Professions Act. The article also explores a related matter, namely whether the Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA) has a legal duty to refer complaints regarding unprofessional conduct that displays criminal elements for criminal prosecution. After considering relevant case law on these issues, the article concludes that a practitioner, after being convicted of an offence, should be afforded an opportunity to explain him- or herself to the board, not only in extenuation of the conduct in question, but also in response to the question of whether the conduct constitutes improper or disgraceful conduct. Moreover, the article explains why the HPCSA and professional boards have a legal duty to refer matters of unprofessional conduct with criminal elements in terms of section 34 of the Prevention and Combating of Corrupt Activities Act to law enforcement agencies.
Public health and the legal regulation of medical services in Algeria: Between the public and private sectors
Authors: Alsamara T , Farouk G , Halima M
Published: October 2022

The article examines the issue of public health and medical services in Algeria and analyses the role of the public and private sectors in supporting and promoting public health. Our study is based on an analysis of legal texts that highlight Algeria’s health policies. Some significant aspects of the article are: the Algerian policy of opening health services up to private investment; the lack of contribution of private health institutions in the field of medical education; and issues surrounding the organisation of blood donation. The article also notes the absence of foreign investment in Algerian hospitals.
Factors affecting the decorativeness of flower beds in a regular style on the example of the city of Izhevsk
Authors: Kuzmina Nadezhda Mikhailovna , Fedorov Aleksandr Vladimirovich , Ardasheva Ol'ga Al'bertovna
Published: October 2022

The emotional state and quality of the citizens' rest depends on the quality of the decorative floral design. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the floral design of the central part of the city of Izhevsk, to determine the optimal planting area of annual ornamental crops per 1 m2 and the factors that influenced the quality and decorative effect of regular-style flower beds in the conditions of Izhevsk. The selected objects for research are located along one route: Victory Square, Kuzebai Gerd Square, Likhvintsev Boulevard, the square near the residence of the Head of the Udmurt Republic, the square near the Children's Cafe. The examination of flower beds was carried out according to the principle of the route method. For a qualitative assessment of flower beds, the following were taken into account: the surface of the flower bed, the habitus and decorative properties of plants, the presence of decay, the state of the soil, the planting rate, and the littering. To assess the decorative effect of flower beds in the floral design of Izhevsk, the Department of Plant Introduction and Acclimatization of the Udmurt Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (UdmFIC UrO RAS) developed a 4-point assessment taking into account the laws of composition. Flower beds located on the territory of the studied objects are decorated mainly with annual flower crops and occupy an area of 3464 m2 (99.5%), including 1570 m2 (45%) in regular style, 13 types of ornamental plants of single–season use belonging to 10 families participated in the landscaping of regular-style flower beds in 2019-2020. When studying flower beds in the central part of Izhevsk in 2019-2020, the dependence of the assessment of quality and decorative effect on the density of planting flower seedlings was revealed, with increasing density, the decorative effect of flower beds improves. Several reasons have been identified that have affected the deterioration of the decorative nature of flower beds: violation of the planting dates of flower crops, sparse plantings (16 pcs / 1 m2), low level of agronomic care of flower beds.
Aspects of the formation of creative competencies of design students (using the example of the HSE School of Design)
Authors: Nazarova Liliya
Published: October 2022

The subject of the study is the description and analysis of the solution of practice-oriented tasks in the bachelor's degree in a rapidly changing market of professions (using the example of the web resource of the HSE School of Design). Methodology. Using the example of the HSE School of Design, a competence-based approach to the implementation of practice-oriented education in the design field is described and analyzed. The following research methods were used to solve the tasks and verify the hypothesis put forward: theoretical analysis of philosophical, psychological, pedagogical, special, reference literature on the research problem and generalization of scientific ideas and views; survey (interviewing); conversation, direct and indirect observation. Scientific novelty. The basis of the educational model of teaching designers at the HSE School of Design is the web resource of the HSE School of Design, which combines the "Map of Creative Competencies", "Student Portfolio" and "Design Laboratory". The HSE considers the Design Laboratory as a creative platform for conducting students' industrial practice and a platform for solving practice-oriented tasks of the digital society. Practical significance. A brief analysis of the basics of two educational models is given: the Bauhaus (Germany, Weimar, 1923) and the HSE School of Design (Russia, Moscow, 2021). Results. The parallels of the application of the practice-oriented Bauhaus approach in the teaching of the HSE School of Design of bachelor designers for the digital society are drawn.
Features of Professional Individuality of Chinese Students in Russian Art Universities
Authors: Fu Li
Published: October 2022

The article provides a comparative analysis of the role of the professional personality of the future artist-teacher in the professional education of China and Russia in order to build an effective process of training Chinese specialists in Russian universities. In accordance with this , the Russian and Chinese interpretation of the concepts is given: "professional individuality" and "individual educational route". The subject of the study is the study of the role of the development of an educational route in the process of training artistic personnel. The hypothesis of the study is that in order to successfully achieve pedagogical goals in working with Chinese students, it is necessary to take into account the options for building individual educational routes in Chinese universities. It also substantiates the need for drawing up educational routes in art universities, taking into account the ethnocultural and ethnopsychological characteristics of Chinese-speaking students, which is the key to the development of individuality in the profession and subsequent adaptation to the realities of their native country. Similar studies have not been undertaken in Russian before in relation to students from China studying in a modern Russian university specializing in artistic specialties. These materials can be used in the preparation of curricula and educational programs in art and pedagogical universities of Russia, taken into account in further studies of the adaptation of foreign students.
Object-transactional Extension of Cilk++
Authors: Pekunov Vladimir Viktorovich
Published: October 2022

In this paper, we consider the problem of developing compact tools that support programming in dynamic transactional memory, implying operational generation of transactional pages, for the Cilk++ language. It is argued that such an implementation requires weakened transaction isolation. The current state of the problem is analyzed. It is noted that the existing solutions are quite cumbersome, although they allow you to work with complex data structures such as lists and trees. It is argued that it is necessary to develop new solutions in the style of minimalism based on the use of specialized classes (generating transactional pages; implementing consistent transactional variables) in combination with a set of keywords characteristic of Cilk++.   Appropriate new solutions are proposed. New syntax elements are introduced, implemented using language extension tools specific to the Planning C platform. The semantics of new language elements is described. It is noted that, unlike analogues, the developed tools allow declaratively to "build" transactions into a network (network schedule of work), which determines the order of execution of transactions and the potential for parallelism that exists at the same time. The proposed approach was tested on the example of the task of constructing a histogram. It is also mentioned about the successful solution, using the developed tools, of the problem of training an artificial neural network by the method of error back propagation and the problem of integer linear programming by the method of branches and boundaries.
Features of the transfer of quasi-realies of F. Herbert's science fiction novel “Dune” into Russian and French
Authors: Likhodkina Irina
Published: October 2022

An integral feature of science fiction literature is the realities of the fictional world by the author or the so-called quasi-realities. The transfer of realities from one language to another is still an urgent problem of linguistics and causes difficulties for both beginners and professional translators. The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze ways to convey the realities of F. Herbert's novel “Dune” in translations into Russian and French. The choice of the actual research material – F. Herbert's novel “Dune” – was not made by chance. It is explained by the significant influence exerted by this work on the entire industry of world science fiction, the presence in it of all the classical elements inherent in this literary genre, as well as the undying interest in the Dune universe. In the course of the work, the following methods were used as the main ones: comparative analysis, the method of continuous sampling, methods of classification, interpretation and linguistic commentary. The article classifies the author's terminology of the novel and identifies the main groups of quasi-realities. These lexical units became the object of comparative analysis of the original text and its translations, which allowed to identify translation difficulties and ways to overcome them. Of particular interest for the study was not only in comparing the original with each translation separately, but also in comparing these translations with each other. As a result, it was found that when transferring the author's anthroponyms, most toponyms and ethnonyms in Russian translation, lexical transformations of transcription and transliteration were used, whereas in French their original forms were preserved. When transferring quasi-grammatical names in both languages compared, semantic translation, morphemic translation, calcification, creation of similar neologisms and, in rare cases, transcription/transliteration (in the Russian version) and preservation of the original form (in French) were used.
The communicative and pragmatic level of Dmitry Karamazov's linguistic personality
Authors: Dryakhlova Anastasiya Andreevna , Gun'ko Yuliya Aleksandrovna
Published: October 2022

The article presents the results of the analysis of the pragmatic level of the linguistic personality of the hero of the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky Dmitry Karamazov. The relevance of the research is due to the fact that it is carried out within the framework of the anthropocentric paradigm of modern linguistics. The object of the study is the speech parts of the hero of the novel in the aspect of communicative activity. The subject of the study is the communicative strategies and tactics in the speech behavior of Dmitry Karamazov. The aim of the study is to describe the pragmatic level of the linguistic personality of the hero of the novel "The Brothers Karamazov". In the work we use the traditional descriptive method, the method of continuous sampling, the method of contextual analysis, the method of communicative and pragmatic analysis. Scientific novelty is determined by the fact that the work describes for the first time the hero of F.M. Dostoevsky's novel Dmitry Karamazov as a special linguistic personality. The practical significance of the work lies in the possibility of using the results of the research in the educational process in the courses "National specifics of Russian speech behavior" and "Sociolinguistics". The paper analyzes the dominant motives of Dmitry Karamazov's communicative activity, describes the hero's communicative strategies and linguistic ways of their implementation. As a result of the study, conclusions were drawn about the features of Dmitry Karamazov's speech behavior at different language levels, as well as about the possible causes of the hero's communicative failures.
The Role and Significance of Chinese Folk Paintings by Nunminhua in Propaganda and Education
Authors: Xiao Xiao
Published: October 2022

The content of Chinese folk paintings by nongminhua is based on morality and national philosophy, which can inspire and raise the morale of citizens. This type of incentive differs from agitation and advertising in the usual sense of these concepts. This is a form of complex artistic expression combining symbolic lyrics and philosophical reflections, which has in its arsenal methods of active stimulation aimed at gaining the trust of the audience and expanding the coverage of propaganda activities. The object of this study is the Chinese folk paintings of nongminhua, and the subject is their educational and propaganda functions. The pictorial language of Chinese folk painting with a clearly defined theme, rich illustrative language, features of mass art, as well as its inherent tendency to widespread distribution distinguishes nongminhua from other art forms. All these differences inevitably become the reason for a completely different, unique force of social impact of folk paintings. The main conclusion of the study is that the simplicity of creating folk paintings, their inherent features of information dissemination and cultural functions have led to a wide range of their existence at different stages of China's social development. Brightness and visibility made the nongminhua understandable to the general population, determined their effectiveness in the implementation of educational and propaganda functions.
Changes in the national composition of the Red Army in 1942-1945: multidimensional statistical analysis of data taking into account various categories of military personnel
Authors: Bezugol'nyi Aleksei Yur'evich , Borodkin Leonid Iosifovich , Leontyeva Nadezda
Published: October 2022

The subject of the study in this article is the dynamics of changes in the national composition of various categories of the Red Army during the Great Patriotic War, the object of the study is the summary albums of socio—demographic data of the list of the Red Army, compiled in the period under review in the General Staff with a frequency of once every six months in a single copy as a generalizing reference material for the top leadership of the state and the armed forces. The purpose of this work is to analyze the changes in the national composition of various categories of Red Army servicemen (commanding officer (since 1943 - officer), junior commanding officer (since 1943 – sergeant), enlisted and cadet personnel) that occurred from mid-1942 to early 1945 (this period is determined by availability of source data). Based on the nature of the source under study, the research approach is based on the use of cluster analysis – one of the most well-known methods of multidimensional statistical analysis. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time, using cluster analysis, an analysis of statistics from albums of socio-demographic data of the Red Army roster during the Great Patriotic War, which became available to researchers only in 2017 and have not yet been fully introduced into scientific circulation, was carried out. The analysis revealed the main directions of changes in the national composition of the Red Army, in particular, general and special in the dynamics of the distribution of servicemen of various nationalities by military categories. The conducted research has shown that this source has a very high information potential for statistical research on changes in the national composition of the Red Army during the Great Patriotic War.
Numerical study of self-focusing and filament formation of intense vortex beams in plasmas
Authors: Fan Hai-Ling , Guo Zhi-Jian , Li Ming-Qiang , Zhuo Hong-Bin ,   College of Engineering Physics, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
Published: October 2022

We have studied the self-focusing and filamentation of vortex laser beams propagating in underdense plasmas with different values of the topological charge and initial laser powers. The self-focusing dynamics of vortex laser beams is closely related to the topological charge, which has attracted widespread attention. Based on the paraxial approximation of the Helmholtz equation, the steady-state solution of vortex beams propagating in underdense plasmas is deduced, and the expression for critical power of vortex laser beams is obtained. Furthermore, using the split-step Fourier method to solve the wave equation, we analyze the numerical images of vortex laser beams propagating in underdense plasma under different parameters. The simulation results show that the critical power for self-focusing is positively correlated with the topological charge of vortex laser beams. When the initial laser power is high enough, the vortex laser beam will first be focused into a thin ring, and then the modulation amplitude increases continuously, which eventually leads to the ring structure breaking into filaments. The number of filaments has an integer multiple relationship with the topological charge. In the process of filamentation, the radius and the maximum light intensity of vortex laser beam both change drastically. After the filamentation process is completed, the vortex laser beam continues to propagate with a new topological type. We further increase the incident laser power and find that the number of filaments of the vortex laser beam increases. The increased number of filaments is the value of its topological charge at each time. With the development of filament instability, higher-order modulation instability can be excited in the later stage, and the intensity of filaments will exhibit angular modulation. Our results show that in compared with the standard Gaussian beam, the propagation behavior of vortex laser beams in underdense plasmas is much more stable under the same power, wavelength and plasma parameters. The propagation characteristics of vortex laser beams are helpful to the theoretical and experimental study of stimulated backward Raman amplification of ultra-strong vortex beam in underdense plasmas.
Transversal functional connectivity and scene-specific processing in the human entorhinal-hippocampal circuitry
Authors: Grande Xenia , Sauvage Magdalena M , Becke Andreas , Düzel Emrah , Berron David
Published: October 2022

Scene and object information reach the entorhinal-hippocampal circuitry in partly segregated cortical processing streams. Converging evidence suggests that such information-specific streams organize the cortical – entorhinal interaction and the circuitry’s inner communication along the transversal axis of hippocampal subiculum and CA1. Here, we leveraged ultra-high field functional imaging and advance Maass et al., 2015 who report two functional routes segregating the entorhinal cortex (EC) and the subiculum. We identify entorhinal subregions based on preferential functional connectivity with perirhinal Area 35 and 36, parahippocampal and retrosplenial cortical sources (referred to as ECArea35-based, ECArea36-based, ECPHC-based, ECRSC-based, respectively). Our data show specific scene processing in the functionally connected ECPHC-based and distal subiculum. Another route, that functionally connects the ECArea35-based and a newly identified ECRSC-based with the subiculum/CA1 border, however, shows no selectivity between object and scene conditions. Our results are consistent with transversal information-specific pathways in the human entorhinal-hippocampal circuitry, with anatomically organized convergence of cortical processing streams and a unique route for scene information. Our study thus further characterizes the functional organization of this circuitry and its information-specific role in memory function.
High-resolution species assignment of Anopheles mosquitoes using k-mer distances on targeted sequences
Authors: Boddé Marilou , Makunin Alex , Ayala Diego , Bouafou Lemonde , Diabaté Abdoulaye , Ekpo Uwem Friday , Kientega Mahamadi , Le Goff Gilbert , Makanga Boris K , Ngangue Marc F , Omitola Olaitan Olamide , Rahola Nil , Tripet Frederic , Durbin Richard , Lawniczak Mara KN
Published: October 2022

The ANOSPP amplicon panel is a genus-wide targeted sequencing panel to facilitate large-scale monitoring of Anopheles species diversity. Combining information from the 62 nuclear amplicons present in the ANOSPP panel allows for a more senstive and specific species assignment than single gene (e.g. COI) barcoding, which is desirable in the light of permeable species boundaries. Here, we present NNoVAE, a method using Nearest Neighbours (NN) and Variational Autoencoders (VAE), which we apply to k-mers resulting from the ANOSPP amplicon sequences in order to hierarchically assign species identity. The NN step assigns a sample to a species-group by comparing the k-mers arising from each haplotype’s amplicon sequence to a reference database. The VAE step is required to distinguish between closely related species, and also has sufficient resolution to reveal population structure within species. In tests on independent samples with over 80% amplicon coverage, NNoVAE correctly classifies to species level 98% of samples within the An. gambiae complex and 89% of samples outside the complex. We apply NNoVAE to over two thousand new samples from Burkina Faso and Gabon, identifying unexpected species in Gabon. NNoVAE presents an approach that may be of value to other targeted sequencing panels, and is a method that will be used to survey Anopheles species diversity and Plasmodium transmission patterns through space and time on a large scale, with plans to analyse half a million mosquitoes in the next five years.
The centrosomal protein 83 (CEP83) regulates human pluripotent stem cell differentiation toward the kidney lineage
Authors: Mansour Fatma , Hinze Christian , Telugu Narasimha Swamy , Kresoja Jelena , Shaheed Iman B , Mosimann Christian , Diecke Sebastian , Schmidt-Ott Kai M
Published: October 2022

During embryonic development, the mesoderm undergoes patterning into diverse lineages including axial, paraxial, and lateral plate mesoderm (LPM). Within the LPM, the so-called intermediate mesoderm (IM) forms kidney and urogenital tract progenitor cells, while the remaining LPM forms cardiovascular, hematopoietic, mesothelial, and additional progenitor cells. The signals that regulate these early lineage decisions are incompletely understood. Here, we found that the centrosomal protein 83 (CEP83), a centriolar component necessary for primary cilia formation and mutated in pediatric kidney disease, influences the differentiation of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) toward IM. We induced inactivating deletions of CEP83 in hiPSCs and applied a 7-day in vitro protocol of IM kidney progenitor differentiation, based on timed application of WNT and FGF agonists. We characterized induced mesodermal cell populations using single-cell and bulk transcriptomics and tested their ability to form kidney structures in subsequent organoid culture. While hiPSCs with homozygous CEP83 inactivation were normal regarding morphology and transcriptome, their induced differentiation into IM progenitor cells was perturbed. Mesodermal cells induced after 7 days of monolayer culture of CEP83-deficient hiPCS exhibited absent or elongated primary cilia, displayed decreased expression of critical IM genes (PAX8, EYA1, HOXB7), and an aberrant induction of LPM markers (e.g. FOXF1, FOXF2, FENDRR, HAND1, HAND2). Upon subsequent organoid culture, wildtype cells differentiated to form kidney tubules and glomerular-like structures, whereas CEP83-deficient cells failed to generate kidney cell types, instead upregulating cardiomyocyte, vascular, and more general LPM progenitor markers. Our data suggest that CEP83 regulates the balance of IM and LPM formation from human pluripotent stem cells, identifying a potential link between centriolar or ciliary function and mesodermal lineage induction.
Interoperability of RTN1A in dendrite dynamics and immune functions in human Langerhans cells
Authors: Cichoń Małgorzata Anna , Pfisterer Karin , Leitner Judith , Wagner Lena , Staud Clement , Steinberger Peter , Elbe-Bürger Adelheid
Published: October 2022

Skin is an active immune organ where professional antigen-presenting cells such as epidermal Langerhans cells (LCs) link innate and adaptive immune responses. While Reticulon 1A (RTN1A) was recently identified in LCs and dendritic cells in cutaneous and lymphoid tissues of humans and mice, its function is still unclear. Here, we studied the involvement of this protein in cytoskeletal remodeling and immune responses toward pathogens by stimulation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in resident LCs (rLCs) and emigrated LCs (eLCs) in human epidermis ex vivo and in a transgenic THP-1 RTN1A+cell line. Hampering RTN1A functionality through an inhibitory antibody induced significant dendrite retraction of rLCs and inhibited their emigration. Similarly, expression of RTN1A in THP-1 cells significantly altered their morphology, enhanced aggregation potential, and inhibited the Ca2+flux. Differentiated THP-1 RTN1A+macrophages exhibited long cell protrusions and a larger cell body size in comparison to wild-type cells. Further, stimulation of epidermal sheets with bacterial lipoproteins (TLR1/2 and TLR2 agonists) and single-stranded RNA (TLR7 agonist) resulted in the formation of substantial clusters of rLCs and a significant decrease of RTN1A expression in eLCs. Together, our data indicate involvement of RTN1A in dendrite dynamics and structural plasticity of primary LCs. Moreover, we discovered a relation between activation of TLRs, clustering of LCs, and downregulation of RTN1A within the epidermis, thus indicating an important role of RTN1A in LC residency and maintaining tissue homeostasis.
The Na+/K+ pump dominates control of glycolysis in hippocampal dentate granule cells
Authors: Meyer Dylan J , Díaz-García Carlos Manlio , Nathwani Nidhi , Rahman Mahia , Yellen Gary
Published: October 2022

Cellular ATP that is consumed to perform energetically expensive tasks must be replenished by new ATP through the activation of metabolism. Neuronal stimulation, an energetically demanding process, transiently activates aerobic glycolysis, but the precise mechanism underlying this glycolysis activation has not been determined. We previously showed that neuronal glycolysis is correlated with Ca2+ influx, but is not activated by feedforward Ca2+ signaling (Díaz-García et al., 2021a). Since ATP-powered Na+ and Ca2+ pumping activities are increased following stimulation to restore ion gradients and are estimated to consume most neuronal ATP, we aimed to determine if they are coupled to neuronal glycolysis activation. By using two-photon imaging of fluorescent biosensors and dyes in dentate granule cell somas of acute mouse hippocampal slices, we observed that production of cytoplasmic NADH, a byproduct of glycolysis, is strongly coupled to changes in intracellular Na+, while intracellular Ca2+ could only increase NADH production if both forward Na+/Ca2+ exchange and Na+/K+ pump activity were intact. Additionally, antidromic stimulation-induced intracellular [Na+] increases were reduced >50% by blocking Ca2+ entry. These results indicate that neuronal glycolysis activation is predominantly a response to an increase in activity of the Na+/K+ pump, which is strongly potentiated by Na+ influx through the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger during extrusion of Ca2+ following stimulation.
Hepatic lipid overload potentiates biliary epithelial cell activation via E2Fs
Authors: Yildiz Ece , Alam Gaby El , Perino Alessia , Jalil Antoine , Denechaud Pierre-Damien , Huber Katharina , Fajas Lluis , Auwerx Johan , Sorrentino Giovanni , Schoonjans Kristina
Published: October 2022

During severe or chronic hepatic injury, biliary epithelial cells (BECs), also known as cholangiocytes, undergo rapid reprogramming and proliferation, a process known as ductular reaction (DR), and allow liver regeneration by differentiating into both functional cholangiocytes and hepatocytes. While DR is a hallmark of chronic liver diseases, including advanced stages of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the early events underlying BEC activation are largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that BECs readily accumulate lipids upon fatty acid (FA) treatment in BEC-derived organoids, and during high-fat diet feeding in mice. Lipid overload induces a metabolic rewiring to support the conversion of adult cholangiocytes into active BECs. Mechanistically, we found that lipid overload unleashes the activation of the E2F transcription factors in BECs, which drives cell cycle progression while promoting glycolytic metabolism. These findings demonstrate that fat overload is sufficient to initiate a DR, without epithelial damage, and provide new insights into the mechanistic basis of BEC activation, revealing unexpected connections between lipid metabolism, stemness, and regeneration.
Revision of the Late Triassic metoposaurid “Metoposaurus” bakeri (Amphibia: Temnospondyli) from Texas, USA and a phylogenetic analysis of the Metoposauridae
Authors: Gee Bryan M. , Kufner Aaron M.
Published: October 2022

Metoposaurids are a clade of large-bodied temnospondyls commonly found in non-marine Late Triassic deposits across northern Pangea. Three taxa are known from North America: Anaschisma browni, Apachesaurus gregorii, and “Metoposaurus” bakeri. While the osteology of most metoposaurids has been recently revised, that of a few taxa, including “Metoposaurus” bakeri remains poorly characterized. This taxon was formally described in 1931 as “Buettneria bakeri,” and its taxonomy has remained in flux ever since then. “Metoposaurus” bakeri is the earliest appearing metoposaurid in North America (Carnian of Texas), and Metoposaurus has frequently been utilized as an index taxon of the Otischalkian estimated holochron (‘land vertebrate faunachron’) and for biostratigraphic correlations with other geographic regions. The taxonomy of this species is therefore relevant for both taxonomic experts and biostratigraphers. Here we redescribe all material from the type locality of “M.” bakeri, the Elkins Place bone bed, and perform a phylogenetic analysis using a revised matrix assembled from several previous studies. Anatomical comparisons and phylogenetic analyses do not support placement in either Metoposaurus, a taxon otherwise only found in Europe, or Anaschisma, the only other large-bodied taxon from North America. Therefore, we erect a new genus, Buettnererpeton gen. nov., to accommodate this species. Metoposaurus is consequently absent from North America, and this genus cannot be used in global biostratigraphy. Phylogenetic analyses provide evidence that the phylogeny of the Metoposauridae remains extremely labile, with drastic differences in topological resolution and structure being linked to just a handful of characters and scores. Metoposaurids’ morphological conservatism and the increased recognition of intraspecific variation thus continue to be major confounds to elucidating the evolutionary history of this clade.