bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bilateral C-1 lateral mass reconstruction following radical resection of a giant osteoblastoma of the atlas: case report
Authors: Peciu-Florianu Iulia , Chittur Viswanathan Gopalakrishnan , Barges-Coll Juan , Castillo-Velázquez Gabriel A. , Zambelli Pierre-Yves , Duff John M.
Published: November 2016

Osteoblastoma is a rare, benign, osteoid-producing, and slow-growing primary bone tumor, typically arising in long bones or in the spine, with a slight male predominance. This report describes the surgical treatment of a giant C-1 (atlantal) osteoblastoma diagnosed in a young male patient with neurofibromatosis Type 1. The authors describe the clinical presentation, the surgical procedure for complete excision and stabilization, and results as of the 1-year follow-up. They detail a bilateral occipitoaxial spinal interarticular stabilization technique that they used after complete tumor excision. To the best of their knowledge, this is the first case of bilateral C-1 lateral mass reconstruction by this technique to be reported in the literature.
Alarms, oxygen saturations, and SpO2 averaging time in the NICU
Authors: McClure C. , Jang S. Young , Fairchild K.
Published: November 2016

BACKGROUND: Alarm overload is a significant concern in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Selecting a longer oxygen saturation (SpO2) averaging time will reduce the number of alarms but may mask fluctuations in oxygenation.

OBJECTIVE: Characterize bedside monitor alarms in the NICU and estimate the impact of longer SpO2 averaging time and alarm delay.

METHODS: All bedside monitor alarms were analyzed over a 12-month period in the University of Virginia NICU, using the default averaging time (8 seconds) and SpO2 alarm limits set at 88–95% for infants on supplemental oxygen. In 10 VLBW infants, SpO2 averaging time was lowered to 2 seconds for 24 hours and events of SpO2 out of the target range were estimated with 2-, 8-, or 16-second averaging time, with and without a 15-second alarm delay.

RESULTS: There were 3,263,590 alarms in the unit over 12 months. Low or high SpO2 alarms constituted 79% of the total, and 55% of these events lasted <15 seconds. In 10 infants we estimated that increasing SpO2 averaging time from 2 to 16 seconds would have led to 53% fewer SpO2 alarms but the mean duration of alarms would have been 2.15-fold longer. Adding a 15-second alarm delay to 2-second SpO2 averaging in this analysis decreased SpO2 alarms by 67%.

CONCLUSION: Longer SpO2 averaging times mask the number and severity of events of aberrant oxygenation in preterm infants without decreasing total alarm time. Incorporating an alarm delay with shorter SpO2 averaging times can reduce alarm number and duration, and allow more accurate assessment of oxygenation, which may be important for research into consequences of aberrant oxygenation in this vulnerable population.
Neonatal Behçet’s disease with Raynaud phenomenon
Authors: Fernández-Fructuoso J.R. , Gil-Sánchez S. , Gómez-Santos E. , Lloreda-García J.M. , Sevilla-Denia S. , Leante-Castellanos J.L.
Published: November 2016

We report a new clinical manifestation of neonatal Behcet’s disease. A newborn from a mother with active Behcet’s disease during pregnancy, who develops vasomotor phenomena (Raynaud) with oral ulcerations in the second day of life. Neonatal mucocutaneous lesions have been reported previously in few newborns of pregnant women with active Behçet disease. Although neonatal disease is a very infrequent situation, with a mostly transient and favorable course, clinicians should be aware of serious potential complications associated with this entity.
Physiological effects of a single chest physiotherapy session in mechanically ventilated and extubated preterm neonates
Authors: Mehta Y. , Shetye J. , Nanavati R. , Mehta A.
Published: November 2016

OBJECTIVE: To assess the changes on various physiological cardio-respiratory parameters with a single chest physiotherapy session in mechanically ventilated and extubated preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome.

STUDY DESIGN: This is a prospective observational study in a neonatal intensive care unit setting. Sixty preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome, thirty mechanically ventilated and thirty extubated preterm neonates requiring chest physiotherapy were enrolled in the study. Parameters like heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), Silverman Anderson score (SA score in extubated), oxygen saturation (SpO2) and auscultation findings were noted just before, immediately after chest physiotherapy but before suctioning, immediately after suctioning and after 5 minutes of the session.

RESULTS: The mean age of neonates was 9.55±5.86 days and mean birth weight was 1550±511.5 g. As there was no significant difference in the change in parameters on intergroup comparison, further analysis was done considering two groups together ( n = 60) except for SA score. As SA score was measured only in extubated neonates. HR did not change significantly during chest physiotherapy compared to the baseline but significantly decreased after 15 minutes ( p = 0.01). RR and SA score significantly increased after suctioning ( p = 0.014) but reduced after 15 minutes ( p = <0.0001). SpO2 significantly reduced post-suctioning compared to the baseline and increased after positioning and 15 minutes of chest physiotherapy ( p = <0.0001). Clinically, there was a reduction in HR, RR and SA score with an improvement in SpO2. This signifies that chest physiotherapy may help facilitate the overall well-being of a fragile preterm neonate. Lung auscultation finding suggests that after suctioning, there was a significant reduction in crepitation ( p = 0.0000) but significant increase in crepitation after 15 minutes ( p = <0.01), suggesting the importance of around-the-clock chest physiotherapy.

CONCLUSION: Chest physiotherapy is safe in preterm neonates. Suctioning causes significant cardio-respiratory parameter changes, but within normal physiological range. Thus, chest physiotherapy should be performed with continuous monitoring only when indicated and not as a routine procedure. More research is needed to study the long term effects of chest physical therapy.
Use of naloxone to minimize extubation failure after premedication for INSURE procedure in preterm neonates
Authors: Elmekkawi A. , Abdelgadir D. , Van Dyk J. , Choudhury J. , Dunn M.
Published: November 2016

OBJECTIVES: A new guideline for the early respiratory management of preterm infants that included early nCPAP and INSURE was recently introduced in our NICU. This case series describes the clinical courses of a group of preterm infants managed according to this guideline, and reports the rates of successful extubation within 30 minutes of surfactant administration with and without the use of naloxone and adverse events encountered.

STUDY DESIGN: Descriptive case series of all preterm babies admitted to our unit who were candidates for INSURE procedure with premedication from August 2012 to August 2013.

RESULTS: A total of 31 infants were included with a mean birth weight of 1178 grams and a mean gestational age of 28.4 weeks. Twelve out of thirteen (92%) infants in the naloxone group were extubated within 30 minutes of surfactant administration while only 12/18 (67%) in the non-naloxone group were extubated within the same time frame. No adverse reactions were noted with naloxone usage in this context.

CONCLUSION: Naloxone can be effective in reversing the respiratory depressive effect of analgesic premedication and in turn facilitates expeditious extubation in some preterm infants intubated for INSURE procedure.
Frequency Domain Probe Design for High Frequency Sensing of Soil Moisture
Authors: Pelletier Mathew , Schwartz Robert , Holt Greg , Wanjura John , Green Timothy
Published: November 2016

Accurate moisture sensing is an important need for many research programs as well as in control of industrial processes. This paper describes the development of a high accuracy frequency domain sensing probe for use in obtaining dielectric measurements of materials suitable for work ranging from 300 MHz to 1 GHz. The probe was developed to accommodate a wide range of permittivity’s ranging from εr = 2.5 to elevated permittivity’s as high as εr = 40. The design provides a well-matched interface between the soil and the interconnecting cables. A key advantage of the frequency domain approach is that a change of salt concentration has a significantly reduced effect on ε′, versus the traditional time-domain reflectometry, TDR, measured apparent permittivity, Ka.
The Challenges of Using Horses for Practical Teaching Purposes in Veterinary Programmes
Authors: Gronqvist Gabriella , Rogers Chris , Gee Erica , Bolwell Charlotte , Gordon Stuart
Published: November 2016

Students enrolled in veterinary degrees often come from an urban background with little previous experience in handling horses and other large animals. Many veterinary degree programmes place importance on the teaching of appropriate equine handling skills, yet within the literature it is commonly reported that time allocated for practical classes often suffers due to time constraint pressure from other elements of the curriculum. The effect of this pressure on animal handling teaching time is reflected in the self-reported low level of animal handling competency, particularly equine, in students with limited prior experience with horses. This is a concern as a naive student is potentially at higher risk of injury to themselves when interacting with horses. Additionally, a naive student with limited understanding of equine behaviour may, through inconsistent or improper handling, increase the anxiety and compromise the welfare of these horses. There is a lack of literature investigating the welfare of horses in university teaching facilities, appropriate handling procedures, and student safety. This article focuses on the importance for students to be able to interpret equine behaviour and the potential consequences of poor handling skills to equine and student welfare. Lastly, the authors suggest a conceptual model to optimise equine welfare, and subsequently student safety, during practical equine handling classes.
Research Tools for the Measurement of Pain and Nociception
Authors: Johnson Craig
Published: November 2016

There are many ways in which pain in animals can be measured and these are based on a variety of phenomena that are related to either the perception of pain or alterations in physical or behavioural features of the animal that are caused by that pain. The features of pain that are most useful for assessment in clinical environments are not always the best to use in a research environment. This is because the aims and objectives of the two settings are different and so whilst particular techniques will have the same advantages and disadvantages in clinical and research environments, these considerations may become more or less of a drawback when moving from one environment to the other. For example, a simple descriptive pain scale has a number of advantages and disadvantages. In a clinical setting the advantages are very useful and the disadvantages are less relevant, but in a research environment the advantages are less important and the disadvantages can become more problematic. This paper will focus on pain in the research environment and after a brief revision of the pathophysiological systems involved will attempt to outline the major advantages and disadvantages of the more commonly used measurement techniques that have been used for studies in the area of pain perception and analgesia. This paper is expanded from a conference proceedings paper presented at the International Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care Conference in San Diego, USA.
Unextendible Mutually Unbiased Bases (after Mandayam, Bandyopadhyay, Grassl and Wootters)
Authors: Thas Koen
Published: November 2016

We consider questions posed in a recent paper of Mandayam et al. (2014) on the nature of “unextendible mutually unbiased bases.” We describe a conceptual framework to study these questions, using a connection proved by the author in Thas (2009) between the set of nonidentity generalized Pauli operators on the Hilbert space of N d-level quantum systems, d a prime, and the geometry of non-degenerate alternating bilinear forms of rank N over finite fields F d . We then supply alternative and short proofs of results obtained in Mandayam et al. (2014), as well as new general bounds for the problems considered in loc. cit. In this setting, we also solve Conjecture 1 of Mandayam et al. (2014) and speculate on variations of this conjecture.
The Complexity of Targeting PI3K-Akt-mTOR Signalling in Human Acute Myeloid Leukaemia: The Importance of Leukemic Cell Heterogeneity, Neighbouring Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Immunocompetent Cells
Authors: Brenner Annette , Andersson Tvedt Tor , Bruserud Øystein
Published: November 2016

Therapeutic targeting of PI3K-Akt-mTOR is considered a possible strategy in human acute myeloid leukaemia (AML); the most important rationale being the proapoptotic and antiproliferative effects of direct PI3K/mTOR inhibition observed in experimental studies of human AML cells. However, AML is a heterogeneous disease and these effects caused by direct pathway inhibition in the leukemic cells are observed only for a subset of patients. Furthermore, the final effect of PI3K-Akt-mTOR inhibition is modulated by indirect effects, i.e., treatment effects on AML-supporting non-leukemic bone marrow cells. In this article we focus on the effects of this treatment on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and monocytes/macrophages; both these cell types are parts of the haematopoietic stem cell niches in the bone marrow. MSCs have unique membrane molecule and constitutive cytokine release profiles, and mediate their support through bidirectional crosstalk involving both cell-cell contact and the local cytokine network. It is not known how various forms of PI3K-Akt-mTOR targeting alter the molecular mechanisms of this crosstalk. The effect on monocytes/macrophages is also difficult to predict and depends on the targeted molecule. Thus, further development of PI3K-Akt-mTOR targeting into a clinical strategy requires detailed molecular studies in well-characterized experimental models combined with careful clinical studies, to identify patient subsets that are likely to respond to this treatment.
Development of Amylose- and β-Cyclodextrin-Based Chiral Fluorescent Sensors Bearing Terthienyl Pendants
Authors: Ikai Tomoyuki , Yun Changsik , Kojima Yutaka , Suzuki Daisuke , Maeda Katsuhiro , Kanoh Shigeyoshi
Published: November 2016

Phenylcarbamate derivatives of amylose and β-cyclodextrin show excellent chiral recognition when used as chiral stationary phases (CSPs) for high-performance liquid chromatography. To open up new possibilities of carbohydrate-based materials, we developed chiral fluorescent sensors based on amylose and β-cyclodextrin (Am-1b and CyD-1b, respectively) by attaching fluorescent π-conjugated units on their side chains. Their recognition abilities toward chiral analytes containing a nitrophenyl unit were evaluated by measuring the enantioselective fluorescence quenching behavior. Both sensors showed the same degree of enantioselective fluorescence response for various aromatic nitro compounds. However, in some cases, their enantioselectivities were different depending on the analytes. The difference in the chiral recognition abilities between Am-1b and CyD-1b seems to be based on the structural difference of their inherent backbones, that is, the one-handed helical structure and cyclic structure, respectively. The study on the resolution ability of the Am-1b-based CSP revealed that the terthienyl-based pendant of Am-1b provides not only a fluorescent functionality but also a different chiral recognition site from that of amylose tris(phenylcarbamate).
A Digital Lock-In Amplifier for Use at Temperatures of up to 200 °C
Authors: Cheng Jingjing , Xu Yingjun , Wu Lei , Wang Guangwei
Published: November 2016

Weak voltage signals cannot be reliably measured using currently available logging tools when these tools are subject to high-temperature (up to 200 °C) environments for prolonged periods. In this paper, we present a digital lock-in amplifier (DLIA) capable of operating at temperatures of up to 200 °C. The DLIA contains a low-noise instrument amplifier and signal acquisition and the corresponding signal processing electronics. The high-temperature stability of the DLIA is achieved by designing system-in-package (SiP) and multi-chip module (MCM) components with low thermal resistances. An effective look-up-table (LUT) method was developed for the lock-in amplifier algorithm, to decrease the complexity of the calculations and generate less heat than the traditional way. The performance of the design was tested by determining the linearity, gain, Q value, and frequency characteristic of the DLIA between 25 and 200 °C. The maximal nonlinear error in the linearity of the DLIA working at 200 °C was about 1.736% when the equivalent input was a sine wave signal with an amplitude of between 94.8 and 1896.0 nV and a frequency of 800 kHz. The tests showed that the DLIA proposed could work effectively in high-temperature environments up to 200 °C.
A Pro-Environmental Reasoned Action Model for Measuring Citizens’ Intentions regarding Ecolabel Product Usage
Authors: Nadlifatin Reny , Lin Shu-Chiang , Rachmaniati Yulia , Persada Satria , Razif Mohammad
Published: November 2016

Ecolabel products are one approach towards environmental sustainability. Ecolabel programs have been socialized by governments all over the world to reduce environmental harm caused by the daily life cycles of the products that citizens use. The present study was aimed at measuring citizens’ behavior intention (BI) regarding ecolabel product usage. An extended theory of reasoned action (TRA), namely that of pro-environmental reasoned action (PERA), is used as the predictor model. A total of 213 questionnaire data, collected from citizens of Indonesia, was analyzed using structural equation modeling. The analysis results show that the PERA model is able to describe 68% of citizens’ BI regarding ecolabel product usage. The analysis results also reveal that attitude is a key determinant factor. Several practical suggestions based on the results can be used as input for policy makers and company management to consider in their efforts to increase citizens’ BI to use ecolabel products.
Productivity Growth-Accounting for Undesirable Outputs and Its Influencing Factors: The Case of China
Authors: Zhang Junfeng , Fang Hong , Peng Bo , Wang Xu , Fang Siran
Published: November 2016

Presently, China’s social development is facing the dilemma of supporting economic growth and reducing emissions. Therefore, it is crucial to analyse productivity growth and examine its relationship with influencing factors in China. This study evaluated the total factor productivity (TFP) growth of 30 provinces in China by adopting the Malmquist-Luenberger (ML) productivity index and incorporating undesirable outputs from 2011–2014. Then, a Tobit regression model was employed to explore the factors that influence China’s TFP growth. The results show that the average annual growth of the Malmquist-Luenberger productivity index was lower than that of the traditional Malmquist (M) productivity index growth during the research period. The findings reveal several key conclusions: First, the true TFP growth in China will be overestimated if undesirable outputs are ignored. Second, technical changes are the main contributor to TFP growth. Third, there are huge regional disparities of productivity growth in China. Fourth, coal intensity, environmental regulations, and industrial structure have significantly negative effects on productivity growth, while real per capita gross domestic product (GDP) and foreign direct investment (FDI) have strongly positive effects on productivity growth.
A TEST OF THE FORMATION MECHANISM OF THE BROAD LINE REGION IN ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI
Authors: Czerny Bozena , Du Pu , Wang Jian-Min , Karas Vladimir
Published: November 2016

The origin of the broad line region (BLR) in active galaxies remains unknown. It seems to be related to the underlying accretion disk, but an efficient mechanism is required to raise the material from the disk surface without giving signatures of the outflow that are too strong in the case of the low ionization lines. We discuss in detail two proposed mechanisms: (1) radiation pressure acting on dust in the disk atmosphere creating a failed wind and (2) the gravitational instability of the underlying disk. We compare the predicted location of the inner radius of the BLR in those two scenarios with the observed position obtained from the reverberation studies of several active galaxies. The failed dusty outflow model well represents the observational data while the predictions of the self-gravitational instability are not consistent with observations. The issue that remains is why do we not see any imprints of the underlying disk instability in the BLR properties.
3C 279 IN OUTBURST IN 2015 JUNE: A BROADBAND SED STUDY BASED ON THE INTEGRAL DETECTION
Authors: Bottacini Eugenio , Böttcher Markus , Pian Elena , Collmar Werner
Published: November 2016

Blazars radiate from radio through gamma-ray frequencies and thereby make ideal targets for multifrequency studies. Such studies allow the properties of the emitting jet to be constrained. 3C 279 is among the most notable blazars and therefore subject to extensive multifrequency campaigns. We report the results of a campaign ranging from near-IR to gamma-ray energies that targeted an outburst of 3C 279 in 2015 June. The campaign pivots around the detection in only 50 ks by INTEGRAL, whose IBIS/ISGRI data pin down the high-energy component of the spectral energy distribution (SED) between Swift-XRT data and Fermi-LAT data. The overall SED from near-IR to gamma rays can be well represented by either a leptonic or a lepto-hadronic radiation transfer model. Even though the data are equally well represented by the two models, their inferred parameters challenge the physical conditions in the jet. In fact, the leptonic model requires parameters with a magnetic field far below equipartition with the relativistic particle energy density. In contrast, equipartition may be achieved with the lepto-hadronic model, although this implies an extreme total jet power close to the Eddington luminosity.
DISCOVERY OF A TRANSIENT GAMMA-RAY COUNTERPART TO FRB 131104
Authors: DeLaunay J. J. , Fox D. B. , Murase K. , Mészáros P. , Keivani A. , Messick C. , Mostafá M. A. , Oikonomou F. , Tešić G. , Turley C. F.
Published: November 2016

We report our discovery in Swift satellite data of a transient gamma-ray counterpart (3.2σ confidence) to the fast radio burst (FRB) FRB 131104, the first such counterpart to any FRB. The transient has a duration T
90 ≳ 100 s and a fluence S

γ
 ≈ 4 × 10−6 erg cm−2, increasing the energy budget for this event by more than a billion times; at the nominal z ≈ 0.55 redshift implied by its dispersion measure, the burst’s gamma-ray energy output is E

γ
 ≈ 5 × 1051 erg. The observed radio to gamma-ray fluence ratio for FRB 131104 is consistent with a lower limit we derive from Swift observations of another FRB, which is not detected in gamma-rays, and with an upper limit previously derived for the brightest gamma-ray flare from SGR 1806−20, which was not detected in the radio. X-ray, ultraviolet, and optical observations beginning two days after the FRB do not reveal any associated afterglow, supernova, or transient; Swift observations exclude association with the brightest 65% of Swift gamma-ray burst (GRB) X-ray afterglows, while leaving the possibility of an associated supernova at much more than 10% the FRB’s nominal distance, D ≳ 320 Mpc, largely unconstrained. Transient high-luminosity gamma-ray emission arises most naturally in a relativistic outflow or shock breakout, such as, for example, from magnetar flares, GRBs, relativistic supernovae, and some types of galactic nuclear activity. Our discovery thus bolsters the case for an extragalactic origin for some FRBs and suggests that future rapid-response observations might identify long-lived counterparts, resolving the nature of these mysterious phenomena and realizing their promise as probes of cosmology and fundamental physics.
Female Identity in the Language of Space of the 19th Century Residential Architecture in Sarajevo
Authors: Salihović Erdin , Zagora Nermina
Published: November 2016

The traditional architecture of Bosnia and Herzegovina echoes historical and cultural narratives of ancient Ottoman patriarchal society. The Oriental culture had specifically defined the way in which the gender roles in family and society were manifested in the domestic space, and vice versa, space itself was shaped according to the criterion of gender. While exploring the gender criterion of differentiation of space in the traditional Bosnian residential architecture, this paper will particularly focus on the link between female identity and the spatial characteristics of the traditional Bosnian house. Critical evaluation of elements and principles that compose the traditional model of residential space within its cultural and historical context will be followed by a contemporary insight and interpretation of its universal architectural meanings.
A new hybrid in the genus Anthyllis (Loteae-Leguminosae) from the eastern Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Ferrer-Gallego P. Pablo , Roselló Roberto , Guara Miguel
Published: November 2016

We describe a new nothotaxon for the genus Anthyllis (Loteae- Leguminosae), A. . currasii P.P. Ferrer, Roselló & Guara, as result of natural interbreeding between A. cytisoides (Lag.) Pau and A. lagascana Benedí. It has been located at Monte de La Cañada, in Paterna (Valencia, Spain). This new hybrid is compared morphologically with its parents and the rest of nothotaxa described hitherto for the genus in the Iberian Peninsula, analysing the main diagnostic characters. The existence of the nothotaxa A. . fortuita Guara & P.P. Ferrer and A. . currasii implies the creation of the new nothosubgenus Ternijovis P.P. Ferrer, Roselló & Guara. A map of the known and documented distribution is presented. Iconography of the three nothotaxa is provided, and an identification as well.
¿Neurofilosofía en perspectiva zubiriana?
Authors: Conill Sancho Jesús
Published: November 2016

La actual situación intelectual está caracteriza por el auge de una neurofilosofía, basada en los nuevos datos de las neurociencias, que intenta sustituir los métodos tradicionales de la filosofía por el método de las ciencias naturales. Mi propósito es mostrar que la filosofía de Zubiri, que también está conectada con las ciencias naturales, constituye una fecunda alternativa a la neurofilosofía cientificista y reduccionista, porque su noología está estrechamente ligada a la neurobiología, especialmente a través de las nociones de formalidad y formalización, que constituyen la base de una nueva concepción de la inteligencia y de la realidad.
Zubiri y Prigogine: consideraciones en torno a la vida, el dinamismo y la autoorganización
Authors: Durán Allimant Ronald , Espinoza Lolas Ricardo
Published: November 2016

Zubiri concibe el ser vivo como estructura dinámica (1968). Prigogine por su parte lo concibe desde la perspectiva de las estructuras disipativas (1967), que aparecen en procesos de autoorganización en sistemas abiertos inestables. Ambas concepciones son prácticamente contemporáneas, y ambas conjugan dos aspectos de lo vivo en cierta medida contradictorios: lo dinámico y lo estructural. Teniendo como base lo dicho por Zubiri respecto al dinamismo de la mismidad en Estructura dinámica de la realidad, y la teoría de estructuras disipativas y procesos de autoorganización de Prigogine, analizaremos algunos puntos centrales de ambas concepciones de lo vivo con el objetivo de comprender sus elementos comunes y sus diferencias principales.
Si Zubiri pudiera discutir con la bioética actual: inteligencia y neurociencia
Authors: Feito Grande Lydia
Published: November 2016

Los filósofos son hijos de su tiempo. Sus enfoques, sus temas y sus abordajes son deudores de un momento histórico, de unos conocimientos y de un paradigma vigente a la altura de los tiempos en que les ha tocado vivir. Zubiri es buen ejemplo del filósofo que no quiere estar al margen de la ciencia y el conocimiento de su tiempo, pero no deja de ser un autor del siglo XX. La bioética actual expone una profusión de temas que, sin duda, hubieran fascinado a Zubiri, en tanto que atañen a la reflexión sobre la misma condición del ser humano. Específicamente, el desarrollo de las neurociencias propone un reto al pensamiento, que está generando el correlativo avance de la llamada Neuroética. Desde este nuevo escenario se aborda aquí un esbozo del diálogo que Zubiri podría haber planteado ante la neuroética del presente.
De mónadas y sustantividades o Leibniz y Zubiri
Authors: Gracia Diego
Published: November 2016

Los autores resultan tanto más difíciles de entender cuanto más originales son sus planteamientos. El contexto de lectura de las obras de un innovador no puede ser otro que el previo a la innovación, aquel en que se acuñaron los términos que por necesidad él tendrá que utilizar, bien que dotándoles de nuevo sentido. Lo normal es que este nuevo sentido pase inadvertido para el lector, que tenderá a interpretar esos términos en su sentido tradicional. Esto es por demás evidente en el caso de la filosofía de Zubiri, al que con frecuencia se le ha interpretado con categorías racionalistas completamente extrañas a su pensamiento. En este artículo se intenta aclarar ese punto, confrontando la razón pura leibniziana con la inteligencia impura o sentiente de Zubiri. Son dos modos distintos de entender el pensamiento y la realidad, que generan a su vez dos teorías filosóficas divergentes.
La filosofía de la ciencia como programa de investigación en Zubiri
Authors: Vargas Esteban
Published: November 2016

En este escrito se intenta explicar qué es ciencia en Zubiri. Aunque Zubiri no dejó un libro específico sobre ciencia, intentamos meditar este tema siguiendo el análisis en tres momentos de la aprehensión de realidad que hace Zubiri en su libro Inteligencia sentiente. A partir de allí, proponemos que el concepto de ciencia debe analizarse en estos tres momentos, el primero de los cuales muestra que el conocimiento científico hunde sus raíces en la realidad aprehendida sentientemente. La ciencia suele pensarse como una actividad racional. Esto sin duda es verdad. Pero la racionalidad es insuficiente para entender todo el quehacer científico. Se ha pensado la ciencia también desde los aspectos sociales e históricos. Esto también es verdad. Pero todo el conocimiento científico arranca de los sentidos, pero entendidos desde el momento de formalidad de realidad más que desde el momento de contenido, como hace el empirismo.
La traducción como manipulación historiográfica en el exilio: análisis paratextual e intertextual de La Guerra Civil española de Hugh Thomas
Authors: Sanz Gallego Guillermo
Published: November 2016

El presente artículo examina cómo la editorial Ruedo ibérico hizo uso de la traducción de La Guerra Civil española de Hugh Thomas para reescribir ciertos episodios y detalles trascendentales del conflicto, como los orígenes de la guerra y las cifras de víctimas. Al realizar una comparación intertextual y paratextual entre el original en inglés y la versión española se observa cómo una serie de fragmentos han sido manipulados en la traducción siguiendo un patrón ideológico que favorece los intereses del bando republicano. Además la presente investigación detalla cómo la traducción al español de la obra de Thomas se distancia del original en inglés en una serie de aspectos que influyen en el nivel de objetividad del texto. La condición de referente de la obra de Thomas, junto con los resultados del estudio, donde se aportan pruebas que demuestran manipulación en la traducción al español, exigen una revisión historiográfica del conflicto.
Conciliación estudiantil-familiar: un estudio cualitativo sobre las limitaciones que afectan a las madres universitarias
Authors: Lozano Cabezas Inés , Iglesias Martínez Marcos Jesús , Alonso-Sanz Amparo
Published: November 2016

La conciliación estudiantil-familiar, considerada como la oportunidad de compaginar la maternidad con una vida académica, todavía hoy no se contempla con normalidad en la Educación Superior, lo que genera una discriminación, sobre todo, en las madres universitarias con relación a sus compañeros. A través de una entrevista semiestructurada, y adoptando una metodología cualitativa basada en narrativas, en este estudio, analizamos los pensamientos y las actitudes de un total de 73 universitarias/os, que reflexionan sobre los aspectos de la carrera académica que restringen la conciliación estudiantil-familiar. Los resultados nos ofrecen las limitaciones académicas que según el alumnado dificultan las posibilidades de tener hijas/os, sus propuestas legislativas de mejora y sus actitudes al respecto. Concluimos con la necesidad de actuaciones legislativas concretas y campañas de sensibilización, para la comunidad universitaria y la sociedad en general, que garanticen la igualdad entre mujeres y hombres en el contexto de la Educación Superior.
Il dibattito in bioetica - Salute e benessere: una definizione nuova
Authors: Bellieni Carlo
Published: November 2016

Non disponibile / Not available
Redistribution of Mechanical Work at the Knee and Ankle Joints During Fast Running in Minimalist Shoes
Authors: Fuller Joel T. , Buckley Jonathan D. , Tsiros Margarita D. , Brown Nicholas A. T. , Thewlis Dominic
Published: November 2016

Context: Minimalist shoes have been suggested as a way to alter running biomechanics to improve running performance and reduce injuries. However, to date, researchers have only considered the effect of minimalist shoes at slow running speeds.

Objective: To determine if runners change foot-strike pattern and alter the distribution of mechanical work at the knee and ankle joints when running at a fast speed in minimalist shoes compared with conventional running shoes.

Design: Crossover study.

Setting: Research laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants: Twenty-six trained runners (age = 30.0 ± 7.9 years [age range, 18−40 years], height = 1.79 ± 0.06 m, mass = 75.3 ± 8.2 kg, weekly training distance = 27 ± 15 km) who ran with a habitual rearfoot foot-strike pattern and had no experience running in minimalist shoes.

Intervention(s): Participants completed overground running trials at 18 km/h in minimalist and conventional shoes.

Main Outcome Measure(s): Sagittal-plane kinematics and joint work at the knee and ankle joints were computed using 3-dimensional kinematic and ground reaction force data. Foot-strike pattern was classified as rearfoot, midfoot, or forefoot strike based on strike index and ankle angle at initial contact.

Results: We observed no difference in foot-strike classification between shoes (χ21 = 2.29, P = .13). Ankle angle at initial contact was less (2.46° versus 7.43°; t25 = 3.34, P = .003) and strike index was greater (35.97% versus 29.04%; t25 = 2.38, P = .03) when running in minimalist shoes compared with conventional shoes. We observed greater negative (52.87 J versus 42.46 J; t24 = 2.29, P = .03) and positive work (68.91 J versus 59.08 J; t24 = 2.65, P = .01) at the ankle but less negative (59.01 J versus 67.02 J; t24 = 2.25, P = .03) and positive work (40.37 J versus 47.09 J; t24 = 2.11, P = .046) at the knee with minimalist shoes compared with conventional shoes.

Conclusions: Running in minimalist shoes at a fast speed caused a redistribution of work from the knee to the ankle joint. This finding suggests that runners changing from conventional to minimalist shoes for short-distance races could be at an increased risk of ankle and calf injuries but a reduced risk of knee injuries.
Evidence-Based Considerations and Recommendations for Athletic Trainers Caring for Patients With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Wolfe Elizabeth S. , Madden Kelly J.
Published: November 2016

Context: Patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) can be noncompliant, impulsive, and disruptive in an athletic training or physical rehabilitation facility. Athletic trainers (ATs) are valuable and essential health care providers for active patients with ADHD. However, for a patient with ADHD to have a successful outcome in a busy athletic training environment, the AT or health care provider must tailor the treatment setting to the patient's needs.

Objective: To educate and raise awareness among ATs about patients with ADHD and to provide ATs with strategies and tools that will allow them to treat patients with ADHD more effectively.

Data Sources: We retrieved and reviewed articles from PubMed, PsychINFO, and Ovid without date restrictions. Search words were attention deficit hyperactivity disorder plus 1 of the following topics or search words: athletic training, athletics, coaching, sport, or sport psychology.

Study Selection: Any ADHD articles that were not applicable or translatable in good faith to athletic training, physical rehabilitation, or sport and exercise were excluded.

Data Extraction: Nonpharmacologic interventions were reviewed and amassed into categories from which the recommendations were created. No statistical analyses were conducted for this review.

Data Synthesis: We identified 1241 articles, and 86 met the inclusion criteria. Five groups of evidence were observed: (1) goal setting and coaching, (2) reinforcements and outcomes, (3) routines and treatment timing, (4) simplified feedback and instructions, and (5) environmental control. Reliable evidence suggests that these techniques can be translated and applied within an athletic training and physical rehabilitation setting.

Conclusions: Athletic trainers are a vital component in providing health care for patients with ADHD. Using goal contagion creates a structured environment and positive reinforcements that accommodate patients with ADHD. Furthermore, ATs may use the evidence-based recommendations in this review to create a treatment and physical rehabilitation program and space that are tailored to the needs of the ADHD patient to increase the chance of a successful outcome.
Does scientism undermine other forms of knowledge?
Authors: Ani Ndubuisi C.
Published: November 2016

Science has continually bridged the gaps in knowledge about reality by exerting its prowess in explanation, discovery and invention. Astonished by the successes of science coupled with the demonstrability and (purported) objectivity of scientific knowledge, scholars are lured to nurse the impression that science is the answer to all questions that need to be asked about reality. This has led to an intellectual fanaticism called scientism where science is seen as the only bona fide way of attaining any true knowledge whatsoever. Consequently, other fields of knowledge suffer grievously from being abandoned, belittled or modified to operate using the scientific method of inquiry. Against this backdrop, this paper argues that science is not the only way of knowing reality. Other fields of knowledge and their traditional methods of inquiry are vital in the understanding of reality that abandoning or constructing them in the scientific light is tantamount to having a parochial view of reality. Through its arguments, the research advances pluralistic, inclusive and complementary approaches.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: This research challenges the claims and influence of scientism, which holds that science has the answer to every question about reality. The paper contends that other epistemological methods of philosophical, religious, mythical and artistic forms are essential epistemological methods. Hence, the research advances a pluralistic and complementary approach in epistemology.
Unmasking the face of hospitality: A postfoundational approach to a new spirituality of hospitality
Authors: Meletiou Crystal , Meylahn Johann-Albrecht
Published: November 2016

Previous research conducted on the topic of workplace spirituality seems to indicate that workers often associate spirituality in the workplace with their personal religious orientations. This article, however, presents an alternative approach to the understanding of workplace spirituality. In this article, the contemporary hospitality industry is presented as two metaphorical stage worlds, a front-stage world and a back-stage world, where actors perform the play of hospitality. Each of these worlds observes an ultimate concern: the workers of the front-stage world observe an ultimate concern of unconditional hospitality and guest satisfaction, whereas the workers of the back-stage world observe an ultimate concern of profit. Because these two worlds have opposing ultimate concerns, the current spirituality of the contemporary hospitality industry is one of dissonance and unhappiness. However, as this article will show, there is a possibility for an alternative spirituality � a spirituality of hope and endless possibilities. This spirituality will come to be through the life-giving words of the entire community. The uniqueness of the front-stage world and the back-stage world lies in their respective constructions. Some of the dominant elements that affect each of these worlds are discussed in this article. It will also be shown that the language of religion plays a role in the construction of reality. Understanding these elements is important, for only when hospitality workers recognise the elements that influence the construction of the front-stage world and the back-stage world will they be able to deconstruct and reconstruct these two worlds.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: This article presents empirical research on the spirituality of the contemporary hospitality industry. The results indicate that the current spirituality of the hospitality industry is a spirituality of dissonance and unhappiness. This research presents the prospect of a new spirituality, a spirituality of hope and endless possibilities.
Undernutrition & tuberculosis in India
Authors: Padmapriyadarsini C. , Shobana M. , Lakshmi M. , Beena T. , Swaminathan Soumya
Published: November 2016

Undernutrition and tuberculosis (TB) are linked and have a bidirectional relationship. Undernutrition increases the risk of TB which in turn, can lead to malnutrition. Undernutrition not only is a risk factor for progression of latent TB infection to active disease, but also increases the risk of drug toxicity, relapse and death once TB develops. The dietary intake of TB patients in the country is inadequate. Nutritional supplementation in patients with TB is associated with faster sputum conversion, higher cure and treatment completion rates, significant gain in body weight and body composition as well as better performance status.

The Government of India has various social support schemes (including nutrition supplementation schemes) and policies, at the Centre as well as State levels. Here we discuss some successful examples and suggest a few solutions to address this gap; like considering TB patients as a vulnerable group for “Targeted Public Distribution System” and providing extra rations for the duration of treatment. Recommendations for the research community, civil societies, government organizations, non-governmental and corporate sector on the actions needed to achieve the goals of the End TB Strategy are also provided. Ultimately, reduction of TB burden in India and its elimination will require improving the nutritional status of the community as a whole.
A structural, epidemiological & genetic overview of Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemases (KPCs)
Authors: Swathi C.H. , Chikala Rosy , Ratnakar K.S. , Sritharan V.
Published: November 2016

Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemases (KPCs) are plasmid encoded carbapenem hydrolyzing enzymes which have the potential to spread widely through gene transfer. The instability of upstream region of bla
KPC accelerates emergence of different isoforms. Routine antibiotic susceptibility testing failed to detect KPC producers and some commercial kits have been launched for early identification of KPC producers. Notable among the drugs under development against KPC are mostly derivatives of polymixin; β-lactamase inhibitor NXL104 with combination of oxyimino cephalosporin as well as with ceftazidime; a novel tricyclic carbapenem, LK-157, potentially useful against class A and class C enzymes; BLI-489-a bicyclic penem derivative; PTK-0796, a tetracycline derivative and ACHN-490. Combination therapy might be preferable to control KPC infections in immediate future. Clinicians are likely to opt for unconventional combinations of antibiotics to treat KPC infections because of unavailability of alternative agents. The KPCs have become endemic in many countries but there is no optimal treatment recommendation available for bacteria expressing KPCs. Reports of outbreaks involving KPCs have focused mainly on laboratory identification, empirical treatment outcomes and molecular epidemiology. This review includes information on the emergence of KPC variants, limitations of phenotyping methods, available molecular methods for identification of the KPC variants and treatment options highlighting the drugs under development.
Association of CTG repeat polymorphism in carnosine dipeptidase 1 (CNDP1) gene with diabetic nephropathy in north Indians
Authors: Yadav Ashok K. , Sinha Nisha , Kumar Vinod , Bhansali Anil , Dutta Pinaki , Jha Vivekanand
Published: November 2016

Background & objectives:

CNDP1 gene, present on chromosome 18q22.3-23, encodes carnosinase, the rate-limiting enzyme in hydrolysis of carnosine to β-alanine and L-histidine. Linkage of CTG trinucleotide (leucine) repeat polymorphism in CNDP1 gene with diabetic nephropathy has been observed in several populations. However, this association is conflicting and population-dependent. We investigated this association in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with and without nephropathy in north India.

Methods:

A total of 564 individuals [199 T2DM without nephropathy (DM), 185 T2DM with nephropathy (DN) and 180 healthy individuals (HC)] were enrolled. CNDP1 CTG repeat analysis was done by direct sequencing of a 377 base pair fragment in exon 2.

Results:

The most frequent leucine (L) repeats were 5L-5L, 6L-5L and 6L-6L. 5L-5L genotype frequency was reduced in DN (24.3%) as compared to DM (34.7%, P=0.035) and HC (38.4%, P=0.005). Similarly, 5L allele frequency was lower in DN (46.8%) as compared to DM (57.3%, P=0.004) and HC (60.5%, P<0.001). The genotype and allelic frequencies were similar in DM and HC groups. No gender specific difference was observed in the genotype or allelic frequencies between groups.

Interpretation & conclusions:

Compared to healthy individuals and those with diabetes but no kidney disease, patients with diabetic nephropathy exhibited lower frequencies of 5L-5L genotype and 5L allele of CNDP1 gene, suggesting that this allele might confer protection against development of kidney disease in this population.