bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identifying best practices and skills for workforce development in data curation
Authors: Heidorn P. Bryan , Tobbo Helen R. , Choudhury G. Sayeed , Greer Christopher , Marciano Richard
Published: February 2009

The nature of science and scholarship is being transformed by the ability to collect and integrate vast quantities of information. Some sciences such as ecology and environmental science are inherently integrative, requiring the combination of many types of information from many sources in order to answer more complex questions than has been previously possible. This new information and the information management tools designed to deal with this volume of data will help us make informed decisions that will impact human health and prosperity. To enable this cross‐scale, interdisciplinary integration for the coming generations of scholars, data must be managed to facilitate interoperability, preservation, and sharing. This panel will explore best practices in data curation and models of education for new data curation professionals.
5th Global Information Village Plaza – MySpace, OurSpace: Social networking in the international arena
Authors: Bowen Aaron , Wilson Amanda
Published: February 2009

Building on the success of the previous 2002–2006 Global Information Village Plazas, the 2007 Plaza maintains its successful interactive symposium format, allowing ASIS&T members an opportunity to express their personal views about the challenges and opportunities that the information society represents in their personal and professional lives.

The discussion will focus on social networking websites, a part of the “Web 2.0” phenomenon which may be generally defined as personal webpages generated through a social networking service such as MySpace. The Plaza will look specifically at social networking services from different countries and how their characteristics and use change according to the country or culture in which they are situated. For example, in different cultures these services may be more or less representative of a personal voice, may encourage or discourage commenting on and discussing a thought, and may encourage or discourage networking with strangers.

This topic relates specifically to the theme of this year's Annual Meeting – Social Computing and Information Science – in that social networking websites and services are and will continue to become a major vehicle for information sharing between people. Such sharing of information is informed by social and cultural worldviews, thus the characteristics and uses of information (and the social networking services conveying that information) are of interest to LIS professionals in that they serve socioculturally diverse groups of patrons who maintain different instruments for receiving information.

This year's Global Information Village Plaza will continue to use the SIG‐III blog to facilitate discussion on the Plaza topic. This online interactive forum will be reachable by any professional, thereby allowing ASIS&T to expand its circle of interaction and offering the information professional community around the globe who will be unable to attend the 2007 Annual Meeting an opportunity to contribute their thoughts on social networking in the international arena.

SIG‐III will partner with SIG‐BWP to present this interactive discussion.
Blogs and Wikis in the corporate world
Authors: Pikas Christina K. , Baumgart Jessica , Drahzal Kelly , Frank Jordan
Published: February 2009

Abstract: Many in the corporate world have embraced blogs and wikis for marketing, internal communications, and as a source of competitive intelligence information. This session will explore the various ways companies can and should use these collaborative tools.
Motives for giving information in non‐work contexts and the expectations of reciprocity. The case of environmental activists
Authors: Savolainen Reijo
Published: February 2009

Information sharing stands for a two‐way activity in which information is given and received in the same context. The present study reviews information sharing from the viewpoint of information giving. The empirical analysis draws on interviews with twenty environmental activists in Finland, 2005. Three major motives for information giving in non‐work contexts were identified: first, seredipitous altruism to provide help to other people, second, pursuit of the ends of seeking information by proxy, and third, duty‐driven needs characteristic of persons elected to positions of trust. Since in most cases information giving was driven by altruistic motives, the lack of reciprocity did not in practice weaken the motives for information giving. However, in the case of sensitive information, information giving tends to be restricted by calculations of the risk of information leakage against benefits obtained from the personally rewarding experience of providing important information to others.
The effect of gender on trust perception and performance in computer‐mediated virtual environments
Authors: Sun Xiaoning , Wiedenbeck Susan , Chintakovid Thippaya , Zhang Qiping
Published: February 2009

An important area in Computer‐Mediated Communication (CMC) is how gender affects trust building and performance in virtual settings. This paper empirically investigates gender differences in two media, video and Instant Messaging, while performing negotiation tasks. The primary results indicate that: (1) female pairs perceive higher levels of trust than male pairs when gender information about the partner is either seen via the video channel or mutually revealed via the IM channel, and (2) male/female pairs have better performance outcomes than female pairs. The results imply that having females in the remote working teams may help teams achieve high levels of initial trust leading to cooperation and information sharing in virtual settings. In addition, the results suggest that gender diversity, as represented in male/female pairs, may be important to quality performance outcomes in collaborative work groups.
Internet access in Brazil: Social context and science and technology professionals
Authors: Olinto Gilda
Published: February 2009

Access to the Internet is an evidence of connectivity and has been considered an indicator of participation in today's knowledge society and in the globalization process, the latter also defined as “complex connectivity” and empirical condition of the modern world. However, evidences of the growth of this resource around the world is confronted with several questions regarding the discrepancies between developed and developing countries, regarding regional and social differences within countries and regarding the perspectives of its use by knowledge professionals. This subject – Internet access and use – has been included in the 2005 Annual Survey of the Brazilian Census Bureau. This paper is part of a more inclusive research project that focuses on the characteristics and perspectives of Brazilian society with regard to Internet access and use. Besides describing access to this resource, it tries to examine its several social, economic and work conditionings. In the data analyses presented here, emphasis is given, at first, to the description of socio‐demographic inequalities with regards to Internet access. A second emphasis is given to describing and comparing Internet access among Science and Technology professionals, particularly professionals in the field of Information and Communication, and between the public and private sectors.
Online knowledge sharing in a multinational corporation: Chinese versus American practices
Authors: Li Wei , Downey Steve , Wentling Tim
Published: February 2009

In‐depth interviews were conducted with Chinese and American users of a knowledge sharing system, pseudo‐named Knowledge Everywhere (KE), being employed by a Fortune 100 company with operations in over 100 countries. The intent of these interviews was to identify factors influencing knowledge sharing behaviors among Chinese and American users of the KE system. Interview questions were framed using the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (Ventakesh, et al.,2003). Three primary conclusions emerged from the findings generated from the interviews. First, there is a perceived disconnect between knowledge sharing system usage and daily job performance. Second, language appears as a one‐way barrier to knowledge sharing and not two‐way as many practitioners believe. Third, cultural conservatism and perceived differences in practices hinders Chinese users' willingness to share and as a result gives the false impression that Chinese employees hoard information.
Does free‐access to scholarly articles increase readership and citation impact? A randomized controlled, multi‐publisher, multi‐journal study
Authors: Davis Philip M.
Published: February 2009

Open Access is a lightening rod for controversy in scholarly communication, attracting more opinions and rhetoric than hard data. The limited numbers of empirical studies to date have used methodologies that do not adequately control for potential biases and competing explanations. We propose the first randomized controlled study of Open Access publishing to ascertain whether providing free access to scholarly articles leads to greater readership and increased citation impact. This experiment will involve seven publishers and 36 research journals (plus an additional twelve control journals), allowing greater generalizability over subject disciplines in the sciences, social sciences and humanities.
Using field co‐citation analysis to assess reciprocal and shared impact of LIS/MIS fields
Authors: Sugimoto Cassidy R. , Pratt Jean A.
Published: February 2009

This study utilizes bibliometric tools in order to analyze the relationship between two separate but related fields‐Library and Information Science (LIS) and Management Information Systems (MIS). Using field co‐citation analysis, the study evaluates the knowledge imported/exported between the fields and also the body of knowledge that is influenced by both fields.
Using support vector machines for automatic new topic identification
Authors: Ozmutlu Seda , Ozmutlu H. Cenk , Spink Amanda
Published: February 2009

Recent studies on automatic new topic identification in Web search engine user sessions demonstrated that learning algorithms such as neural networks and regression have been fairly successful in automatic new topic identification. In this study, we investigate whether another learning algorithm, Support Vector Machines (SVM) are successful in terms of identifying topic shifts and continuations. Sample data logs from the Norwegian search engine FAST (currently owned by Overture) and Excite are used in this study. Findings of this study suggest that support vector machines' performance depends on the characteristics of the dataset it is applied on.
I'm not a doctor, but I play one on the web: Credibility, funding, and interactivity features on health organization websites
Authors: Stoerger Sharon
Published: February 2009

The Web has become an important resource for individuals seeking health information. Recent literature on online health information suggests that interactive features can improve the search experience and may even enhance the individual's learning experience and engagement (Boulos, Maramba, & Wheeler, 2006). Some researchers have found links between credibility and interactivity, as well as between funding and interactivity. But connections among the three features were found to be lacking. This study involved a content analysis of 60 health‐related websites – 30 women's health organizations and 30 general health organizations – that were collected and analyzed in October and November 2006. A framework designed to assess levels of and relationships among credibility, funding, and interactivity was developed to determine the similarities and differences between the two types of sites. The analysis revealed that sites with lower credibility levels included more interactivity features, except when funding was not present. Because a greater number of individuals are seeking information online and the calls for higher levels of interactivity on websites continue to surface, these findings could have implications for the future of online health information resources.
Qualitative decision impact model: A tri‐partite broadcast social network approach
Authors: Bonnici Laurie J. , Burnett Kathleen
Published: February 2009

Decision theory is the mathematics of making decisions under certain conditions of uncertainty. A major shortcoming in the application of decision theory to human problem‐solving is that it is difficult to sufficiently account for the influence of specific instances of human social‐psychological conditions in making value judgments. Equally challenging to decision theory are the complexity and diversity of human problems. The P2h.D. decision impact model describes the configuration of a structured and intentionally sustained network of podcasts, blogs, and wikis to provide informal resources and examples of human experience to supplement formal resources developed out of decision theory modeling.
The current situation of faculty participation in Institutional Repositories—A study of 40 DSpace implementations supporting IRs
Authors: Xu Hong
Published: February 2009

In order to learn the current situation of faculty participation in Institutional Repositories, this paper studied 40 DSpace implementations supporting IRs in America. The study shows the average number of items per archive is about 3222 with the median of 921, and for 38 DSpace cases the average faculty participation rate is about 4.6% per archive with a median of 1.9%.
Exploration of the motivation for and knowledge of preservation practices for personal digital artifacts
Authors: Japzon Andrea , Agosto Denise E.
Published: February 2009

Libraries and other cultural institutions are very aware of the crisis in digital preservation and are taking steps to preserve our collective cultural heritage. In contrast, most individual consumers are much less aware of the impermanent state of their digital possessions. As a result, valuable representations of personal memories intended for future generations will be lost through ignorance and/or benign neglect. This research will explore user behavior as it relates to the preservation of personal digital objects. We seek to understand: value and digital objects, what steps individuals are taking towards preservation, and how preservation decisions are informed. The theory of information source horizons will be used to examine the criteria for value and the relationship between the continuum of physical and digital artifacts. Qualitative research methods will be used to explore the behaviors, attitudes and beliefs of individuals regarding digital preservation. In the first phase of this research, 12 semi‐structured interviews will be conducted with Friends Groups' members of a large urban public library. Analysis of the interview transcripts will lead to insights into the affective and cognitive issues surrounding personal digital artifacts in their own right and in comparison to personal physical artifacts. Further, the analysis will provide insight regarding the contexts in which individuals value information and how that sense of value impacts both the organization of and preservation of personal information.
The power of dots: Using nonverbal compensators in chat reference
Authors: Maness Jack M.
Published: February 2009

This paper analyzes the use of nonverbal compensators in librarians' chat reference conversations with college and university students. Comparing the transcripts of conversations with students who rated librarians as “very helpful” and “unhelpful” in a survey following the reference interaction, the data shows that the librarians' frequent use of certain compensators for the purpose of engaging, empathizing, or expressing continued thought is correlated to student satisfaction with the librarian. Specifically, the use of ellipses and dashes to supplant more traditional forms of punctuation, the purpose being to convey thought and interest in the patron's information need, is predictive of positive satisfaction levels. The implications for practitioners and instructors of chat reference include purposeful use of such compensators for specific purposes and the inclusion of computer‐mediated‐communication (CMC) in contemporary reference education.
“Connecting” or “disconnecting”: Understanding undergraduates' social networking websites and media use
Authors: Yoo Eun‐Young , Kim Kyung‐Sun
Published: February 2009

No Abtract.
Public library websites for teenagers: How are they addressing the consumer health information needs of today's teens?
Authors: Burke Jennifer E. , Hughes‐Hassell Sandra
Published: February 2009

Young adult use of the Web both for creating and reviewing content continues to grow and the Internet has become an important tool for teenagers seeking health information (Borzekowski & Rickert 2001, Gray et al 2005; Rideout 2001; Richardson 2002; Vargas 2005). More than 70 percent of 15 to 17 year olds say they have used the Internet to look up health information (Rideout 2001, Richardson et al 2002). In fact, the Kaiser Family Foundation study reported in “Generation Rx.com” found that more youth had looked for health information than had engaged in various Web 2.0 behaviors as purchasing something online or using a chat room (Rideout 2001). Researchers cite availability, anonymity, and affordability as the key reasons teenagers turn to the web for answers to their health‐related questions (Barak & Fisher 2001; Gray et al 2005).

While the Internet provides teenagers with access to a wealth of health‐related resources, it also presents challenges that can negatively impact the ability of adolescents to access quality information online. Difficulty conducting searches, judging the credibility of the information retrieved, and accessing sites due to filtering software are just a few of the barriers teenagers face (Gray et al 2002; Gray et al 2005; Richardson et al 2002). Like many Web users, teenagers also express concerns about privacy and confidentiality, especially in chat rooms or email correspondences (Vargas 2005).

Given the issues teens face when searching for health information online, it seems natural that public libraries take the lead in providing assistance to teenagers who need help finding health information. Libraries, particularly public libraries, have a long history of providing consumer heath information to adults in their communities, and this service has transitioned online as libraries provide Internet access to electronic consumer health information (Smith 2006). In addition, many public libraries have developed websites specifically for teenagers. As more teens look for personalized information or the ability to ‘create’ their own content, these library web pages often serve as centers for reference, educational support, popular materials, community information, and library programming (Hughes‐Hassell & Miller 2003; Jones 1997). Including links to useful websites would alleviate some of the frustration teenagers face when searching for quality health information on the Internet and allow them to make their own informed decisions (Vargas 2005). But how common is it for these web pages to provide consumer health information for teenagers?
User research and testing of FRBR prototype systems
Authors: Zhang Yin , Salaba Athena
Published: February 2009

This study is part of a three‐year ongoing IMLS‐funded project on the research and development of FRBR‐based retrieval systems to support user tasks and to facilitate effective information seeking. The major focus of this study is on user research and testing of current FRBR prototype systems. A sample of three such FRBR prototypes are evaluated and compared by 72 users from both public and academic library settings. This user study will help identify useful options for FRBR implementation and contribute toward the development of more effective FRBR systems in the future. The findings of this study will also reveal current FRBR implementation issues and possible solutions from users' perspectives.
What exactly is an item in the digital world?
Authors: Floyd Ingbert R. , Renear Allen H.
Published: February 2009

IFLA's Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) is a model of the bibliographic universe. Although initially its application to the digital world appears to be straightforward, upon closer examination puzzles arise. One is that within the digital world it is surprisingly difficult to say exactly what FRBR items really are. On the one hand, the ontological candidates for items (concrete physical states of the computing system) are rarely identified and treated as items in practice – even though they may indeed be affirmed as items in theoretical discussions. On the other hand, objects that manifestly fail to meet the basic ontological criteria for FRBR items are commonly treated as if they are items. We describe this situation and, based on a re‐factoring of FRBR into a set of roles (relationships) rather than a set of entity types, explore two possible resolutions. One, favored by the second author, is consistent with the ontology implicit in the original FRBR vision, but allows assignment of item attributes and roles to things that are not items; the other, favored by the first author, is a radical departure from the underlying FRBR ontology, but preserves the original attribute assignments and roles.
Usability beyond the interface: Designing a portal for text analysis
Authors: Cherry Joan , Duff Wendy , Freund Luanne
Published: February 2009

We report on a two‐phase usability analysis of the Text Analysis Portal for Research (TAPoR). The first phase consisted of 20 contextual inquiry interviews and the second phase, a further 17 usability interviews with text analysis researchers. Findings suggest that the conceptual design of the portal needs to emphasize text content, functionality and text analysis tasks rather than text format and text analysis tasks, and that terminology was a major obstacle in use of the portal. Study results were used to guide the re‐design of the portal.
Patterns and outcomes of federal agency funding for libraries and information science
Authors: Hahn Trudi Bellardo
Published: February 2009

Based on an extensive literature search as well as additional information gathered from federal agencies, including congressional budget requests, congressional testimony, issue summaries, news releases, and personal interviews with federal agency leaders, this poster addresses the patterns and influence of funding in the United States for research and development involving a broad range of topics subsumed under the diverse field of library and information science (LIS). These topics include traditional support for library development and operations, literacy programs in libraries, digitization and preservation of significant library collections of all kinds, disaster recovery, research on all aspects of information services, retrieval, use, and access, as well as developments in technologies for enhanced access to information in all forms and formats, and more. This broad perspective is necessary because the LIS field is fragmented, multi‐ and cross‐disciplinary, with little consensus about a central paradigm or research agenda.
Web 2.0: A new dynamic in information services for libraries
Authors: Randeree Ebrahim , Mon Lorri
Published: February 2009

The Internet is transforming users from information consumers into interactive information generators. The growth of Web 2.0 and social computing has been phenomenal. The web has extended beyond a search tool to become a mechanism for participatory content creation and dissemination. We investigate the extent of awareness of the phenomenon among undergraduate and graduate students, the usage of Web 2.0 and social computing sites, and the role of librarians under this new paradigm.
Bridging social and private interactions: Collaborative Information Retrieval in K‐12 learning contexts
Authors: Meyers Eric M.
Published: February 2009

Until recently, most models of information seeking and retrieval did not take into account other searchers or peers in the social/organizational environment (Wilson, 1999). Donald Case's (2007) survey of research on information seeking, needs and behavior further illustrates this omission: in the research literature, other persons are portrayed as sources of information, but not actively involved in the search process as collaborators. The concept of Collaborative Information Retrieval (CIR), on the other hand, identifies that peers and other human intermediaries play an important role in information behavior, both in formal and informal contexts. Researchers have documented the presence of collaboration in student information behavior in school libraries; however, the CIR concept has not been directly explored in K‐12 education. The study of CIR in K‐12 education may illustrate ways to improve the efficacy of our instructional programs in information literacy, as well as suggest requirements for the design of information systems and services.
Clinical and genetic analysis of lipid storage myopathies
Authors: Ohkuma Aya , Noguchi Satoru , Sugie Hideo , Malicdan May Christine V. , Fukuda Tokiko , Shimazu Kunio , López Luis Carlos , Hirano Michio , Hayashi Yukiko K. , Nonaka Ikuya , Nishino Ichizo
Published: February 2009

Causative genes have been identified only in four types of lipid storage myopathies (LSMs): SLC22A5 for primary carnitine deficiency (PCD); ETFA, ETFB, and ETFDH for multiple acyl‐coenzyme A dehydrogenation deficiency (MADD); PNPLA2 for neutral lipid storage disease with myopathy (NLSDM); and ABHD5 for neutral lipid storage disease with ichthyosis. However, the frequency of these LSMs has not been determined. We found mutations in only 9 of 37 LSM patients (24%): 3 in SLC22A5; 4 in MADD‐associated genes; and 2 in PNPLA2. This low frequency suggests the existence of other causative genes. Muscle coenzyme Q10 levels were normal or only mildly reduced in two MADD patients, indicating that ETFDH mutations may not always be associated with CoQ10 deficiency. The 2 patients with PNPLA2 mutations had progressive, non‐episodic muscle disease with rimmed vacuoles. This suggests there is a different pathomechanism from other LSMs. Muscle Nerve 39: 333–342, 2009
Racial differences in myasthenia gravis in Alabama
Authors: Oh Shin J. , Morgan Marla B. , Lu Liang , Hatanaka Yuki , Hemmi Shoji , Young Angela , Claussen Gwendolyn C.
Published: February 2009

Demographic, clinical, and laboratory features were compared in 235 white and African‐American (AA) patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) at the University of Alabama at Birmingham Neuromuscular Disease Clinic from May 2003 to January 2008. Seventy nine percent of patients were white. Acetylcholine receptor antibody was positive in 71% of white patients and in 59% of AA. In patients with seronegative generalized MG, the rate of positive muscle‐specific tyrosine kinase antibody (MuSK‐Ab) was significantly higher in AA than it was in whites (50% in AA vs. 17% in whites). Ocular MG was seronegative in 75% of AA patients. In AA, MG occurred earlier and more frequently in females, whereas, in whites, disease onset was later and more common in males. Another significant difference was a higher percentage of abnormality on repetitive nerve stimulation in AA. There was also a tendency for more severe forms of MG in AA. There are racial differences in MG between whites and AA in Alabama. These racial differences highlight the need to study biological factors in the pathogenesis of MG and to assess different approaches in diagnosis and treatment. Muscle Nerve, 2008
Homozygous contiguous gene deletion of 13q12 causing LGMD2C and ARSACS in the same patient
Authors: McMillan Hugh J. , Carter Melissa T. , Jacob Pierre J. , Laffan Eoghan E. , O'Connor Michael D. , Boycott Kym M.
Published: February 2009

We describe a 10‐year‐old girl with limb‐girdle muscular dystrophy type 2C (LGMD2C, gamma‐sarcoglycan deficiency) with additional features that include progressive lower limb spasticity, peripheral neuropathy, and ataxia. The gene for LGMD2C lies in close approximation to the gene for autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix–Saguenay (ARSACS) on chromosome 13q12. The clinical presentation was suspicious for a genomic rearrangement affecting the expression of both genes. Using chromosomal microarray analysis, a homozygous deletion that encompassed the genes for both disorders was identified. This is the first report of a patient with both neurological diseases, and this case illustrates the clinical utility of microarray technology in the investigation of patients with unusual presentations. Muscle Nerve 39: 396–400, 2009
Inhibition of myostatin with emphasis on follistatin as a therapy for muscle disease
Authors: Rodino‐Klapac Louise R. , Haidet Amanda M. , Kota Janaiah , Handy Chalonda , Kaspar Brian K. , Mendell Jerry R.
Published: February 2009

In most cases, pharmacologic strategies to treat genetic muscle disorders and certain acquired disorders, such as sporadic inclusion body myositis, have produced modest clinical benefits. In these conditions, inhibition of the myostatin pathway represents an alternative strategy to improve functional outcomes. Preclinical data that support this approach clearly demonstrate the potential for blocking the myostatin pathway. Follistatin has emerged as a powerful antagonist of myostatin that can increase muscle mass and strength. Follistatin was first isolated from the ovary and is known to suppress follicle‐stimulating hormone. This raises concerns for potential adverse effects on the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis and possible reproductive capabilities. In this review we demonstrate a strategy to bypass off‐target effects using an alternatively spliced cDNA of follistatin (FS344) delivered by adeno‐associated virus (AAV) to muscle. The transgene product is a peptide of 315 amino acids that is secreted from the muscle and circulates in the serum, thus avoiding cell‐surface binding sites. Using this approach our translational studies show increased muscle size and strength in species ranging from mice to monkeys. Adverse effects are avoided, and no organ system pathology or change in reproductive capabilities has been seen. These findings provide the impetus to move toward gene therapy clinical trials with delivery of AAV‐FS344 to increase size and function of muscle in patients with neuromuscular disease. Muscle Nerve 39: 283–296, 2009
Giant lymphadenopathy infiltrated by gaucher cells mimicking lymphoma
Authors: Yağci Begül , Salor Özge , Yalçin Bilgehan , Gürakan Figen , Güçer Şafak , Büyükpamukçu Münevver
Published: February 2009

Gaucher disease (GD) is a lysosomal storage disease characterized by deficiency of β‐glucocerebrosidase, which results in accumulation of glucocerebroside in reticuloendothelial system, bone marrow infiltration, progressive hepatosplenomegaly, and skeletal complications. Herein we report a 5‐year‐old female with GD receiving enzyme replacement therapy who had giant mesenteric lymphadenopathies. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;52:870–871. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Drug management of thyroid disorders in primary care
Authors: Weetman Anthony
Published: February 2009

Both hypo‐ and hyperthyroidism are common, and drug therapies are the usual choice of treatment. The author discusses current recommended approaches to management, followed by sources of further information in Resources and details of available treatments in the Datafile. Copyright © 2006 Wiley Interface Ltd
Oral ulceration: GP guide to diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Flint Stephen
Published: February 2009

Simple mouth ulcers are usually self‐limiting and rarely present in general practice. However, severe, recurrent or persistent oral ulceration can be extremely painful and may result from an underlying systemic pathology. Dr Flint describes the different causes of oral ulcers and discusses treatment options. Copyright © 2006 Wiley Interface Ltd
Differentially constrained mobile robot motion planning in state lattices
Authors: Pivtoraiko Mihail , Knepper Ross A. , Kelly Alonzo
Published: February 2009

We present an approach to the problem of differentially constrained mobile robot motion planning in arbitrary cost fields. The approach is based on deterministic search in a specially discretized state space. We compute a set of elementary motions that connects each discrete state value to a set of its reachable neighbors via feasible motions. Thus, this set of motions induces a connected search graph. The motions are carefully designed to terminate at discrete states, whose dimensions include relevant state variables (e.g., position, heading, curvature, and velocity). The discrete states, and thus the motions, repeat at regular intervals, forming a lattice. We ensure that all paths in the graph encode feasible motions via the imposition of continuity constraints on state variables at graph vertices and compliance of the graph edges with a differential equation comprising the vehicle model. The resulting state lattice permits fast full configuration space cost evaluation and collision detection. Experimental results with research prototype rovers demonstrate that the planner allows us to exploit the entire envelope of vehicle maneuverability in rough terrain, while featuring real‐time performance. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Experience with voltage control from large offshore windfarms: the Danish case
Authors: Akhmatov Vladislav
Published: February 2009

This paper gives an overview of the state of the art and lists future challenges to reactive power and voltage control in the Danish transmission system in relation to large offshore windfarms. Today, the reliable and stable operation of the Danish transmission system is based on the voltage and frequency control carried out at central, conventional power plants. Moreover, the control of some larger decentralized combined heat and power units is activated for voltage control and system balancing, which is specific for the Danish system. In the years to come, according to the government's goal of increasing the share of renewable energy sources in the Danish power system, the share of large offshore windfarms in the Danish power generation mix will increase greatly, replacing central power plants, including their control characteristics during periods of strong winds. Large offshore windfarms must therefore provide the transmission system with the necessary voltage and frequency control, e.g. ancillary services, and ensure secure operation of the power system through their contribution to system service. Danish experience, based on the operation of a system with two large offshore windfarms and several smaller ones, has shown that the efficient use of windfarms' reactive power and voltage control for the on‐land transmission system might be limited by several factors. Among such limiting factors are the reactive power and current capability limits of the electronic power converters and switchable capacitor banks of the offshore wind turbines, which are smaller than those of central power plants measured per unit of the active power rating. Combine this with the use of AC cables, tens of kilometres long, to connect the large offshore windfarms to the on‐land transmission system, the reactive power range available to the transmission system gets poor. The Transmission System Operator should already take such limiting factors and alternative solutions for efficient reactive power and voltage control, such as incorporation of a reactive power compensation unit at the on‐land point of connection or evaluation of a Voltage Sourced Converter‐High Voltage Direct Current instead of an AC connection, into consideration during the planning phase for a windfarm connection. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Other Face of Bunsen's Cacodyl Disulfide, Me2As(S)‐S‐AsMe2: The Lewis‐Base Behaviour Towards Heavy Metal Cations
Authors: Ioannou Panayiotis V. , Vachliotis Dimitris G. , Sideris Theodore D.
Published: February 2009

The reaction of Bunsen's cacodyl disulfide, Me2As(S)‐S‐AsMe2, with heavy metal cations in methanol produces insoluble salts (complexes) of dimethyldithioarsinic acid, Me2AsS2H, and dimethyl arsenium ion, Me2As:+. This arsenium ion prefers to react with Me2As(S)‐S‐AsMe2, when in excess, compared to AcO− or MeOH/H2O and it is also reactive towards sulfur (Sx, x = 1‐8) producing the stabilized dimethylarsino sulfenium cation, $\rm Me_{2}As- {\mathop{\rm{S}}\limits^{.}_{\ddot{}}} ^{+} \longleftrightarrow Me_{2}\mathop{\rm{A}}\limits^{+}_{} s=\mathop{\rm{S}}\limits^{.}_{\ddot{}}$. The complexes (Me2AsS2)xM (x = 1 or 2) are unstable in the presence of their own heavy metal cations decomposing to colored solids. In an attempt to prepare salts of Me2AsSH, the reactions of (Me2AsS2)xM with triphenylphosphine and trimethyl phosphite gave the metal sulfide and Me2As‐S‐AsMe2 instead.
Solvent‐Induced Pseudopolymorphism of a New Dinuclear Oxovanadium(V) Compound Based on 2,6‐Di(hydroxymethyl)‐4‐methylphenol
Authors: Chen Lian , Jiang Feilong , Wu Mingyan , Li Ning , Xu Wentao , Yan Chunfeng , Hong Maochun
Published: February 2009

Reactions of VO2(acac) (Hacac = acetylacetone) and 2,6‐Di(hydroxymethyl)‐4‐methylphenol (H3L) in different organic solvents give rise to two pseudopolymorphs of a new dinuclear oxovanadium(V) compound, [Et3NH]2[V2O4(HL)2] (1) and [Et3NH]2[V2O4(HL)2]·H2O (2). The compounds have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectra and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. X‐ray diffraction analyses reveal that 1 and 2 have different weak interactions and display remarkably distinct hydrogen‐bonded networks.
Structural and Raman Spectroscopic Investigations of K4BaSi3O9 and K4CaSi3O9
Authors: Arroyabe Erik , Kaindl Reinhard , Kahlenberg Volker
Published: February 2009

The crystal structures of K4BaSi3O9 and K4CaSi3O9 have been characterized by X‐ray diffraction techniques as well as Raman spectroscopy. The structure of K4CaSi3O9 has been refined from powder diffraction data via the Rietveld method using polycrystalline material prepared from solid state reactions. The compound is isostructural with form I of K4SrSi3O9. It crystallizes with 16 formula units in a cubic primitive cell (a = 15.94014(3) Å, V = 4050.20(1) Å3) and adopts space group $Pa{\bar 3}$. K4CaSi3O9 belongs to the group of cyclosilicates and contains highly puckered twelve‐membered [Si12O36]‐rings centered on the ${\bar 3}\rm -axes$. Five of the seven crystallographically independent alkaline and alkaline earth cations are surrounded by six oxygen ligands in the form of distorted octahedra, which share opposite triangular faces and form non‐intersecting columns parallel to the body diagonals of the cubic unit cell. This arrangement corresponds to one of the cubic cylinder or rod packings. The two remaining sites have more irregular coordination environments with eight next oxygen neighbors. High temperature X‐ray powder diffraction data have been collected to determine the thermal expansion of this material: between room temperature and 700 °C the coefficient of thermal expansion has a value of α = 12.9(2) × 10−6 [°C−1]. Single crystals of K4BaSi3O9 have been obtained from the devitrification of a glass with the same composition. The structure was determined from a single crystal diffraction data set collected at −100 °C and refined to a final R index of 0.0298 for 1288 observed reflections (I > 2σ(>I)). The compound is isostructural with modification II of K4SrSi3O9. Basic crystallographic data are as follows: space group Ama2, a = 11.0695(15) Å, b = 8.0708(10) Å, c = 11.905(2) Å, V = 1063.6(3) Å3, Z = 4. With respect to the silicate anions the material can be classified as a sechser single chain silicate. The crankshaft‐like chains run parallel to [100] and are linked by K and Ba cations, which are distributed among five crystallographically independent sites. The coordination polyhedra of two of the non‐tetrahedral cations can be described by distorted octahedra sharing opposite triangular faces. They build non‐intersecting columns parallel to [011] and [0‐11], respectively. The other sites exhibit more irregular coordination spheres with 7‐9 neighbours.
Spontaneous Phosphorus‐Halogen Bond Cleavage in N‐Heterocyclic Halogenophosphanes Revisited: The Case of P–Br and P–I Bonds
Authors: Burck Sebastian , Gudat Dietrich , Nieger Martin , Benkö Zoltan , Nyulászi Lászlo , Szieberth Denes
Published: February 2009

P‐bromo‐ and P‐Iodo‐substituted N‐heterocyclic phosphanes (NHP) were synthesized by halogen exchange starting from the P‐chloro compound and characterized by spectroscopic data and X‐ray diffraction studies. Whereas the Br‐NHP still forms a molecular crystal, the solid‐state structure of the I‐derivative consists of ion‐pairs which assemble via secondary P···I interactions to form one‐dimensional coordination polymers. Computational studies indicate that the bond dissociation is due to a combination of intramolecular stabilisation (aromatisation of the phosphenium cation formed) and intermolecular Lewis‐acid/base interactions. Reaction of the I‐NHP with I2 proceeded under complete P–I bond cleavage to give an ionic phosphenium triiodide whose single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction study revealed a unique supramolecular structure.
LSn(OCH2CH2)2NR (L = lone pair, W(CO)5; R = Me, t‐Bu). The Molecular Structures of 5‐Aza‐2,8‐dioxa‐1‐stannabicyclo[3.3.0]1.5octanes and Their Tungstenpentacarbonyl Complexes
Authors: Berends Thorsten , Iovkova Ljuba , Bradtmöller Gerrit , Oppel Iris , Schürmann Markus , Jurkschat Klaus
Published: February 2009

Single crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses of LSn(OCH2CH2)2NR [1, R = Me, L = lone pair; 2, R = Me, L = W(CO)5; 3, R = t‐Bu, L = W(CO)5] reveal these compounds to be dimeric and cis‐configurated. The dimerization is realized by intramolecular O→Sn interactions to give four‐membered Sn2O2‐rings. In addition, there are intramolecular N→Sn interactions ranging in between 2.356(5) (2) and 2.549(4) Å (3).
Treatment of Bowler's Neuroma with Digital Nerve Translocation
Authors: Swanson Scott , Macias Luis H. , Smith Anthony A.
Published: February 2009

Bowler's thumb presents as paresthesias or a neuroma involving the ulnar digital nerve of the thumb. Over 95 million people enjoy bowling worldwide with nearly 3 million certified league bowlers in the United States. While the incidence of Bowler's thumb is unknown, it is an unrelenting nuisance for bowlers, and symptoms can be severe enough to prevent further sport participation. The condition can be managed nonoperatively with rest and splinting, but successful nonoperative treatment frequently requires discontinuation of bowling. The pressure on athletes to resume sports participation sooner and the possibility of nonoperative treatment failure mandate the need for development of a dependable surgical procedure for this condition. We present a case report of a successful surgical treatment by transposing the ulnar digital nerve dorsal to the adductor pollicis. The patient returned to manual labor and resumed bowling and is symptom free 3 years postsurgery.
The naturally split Npu DnaE intein exhibits an extraordinarily high rate in the protein trans‐splicing reaction
Authors: Zettler Joachim , Schütz Vivien , Mootz Henning D.
Published: February 2009

We have studied the naturally split urn:x-wiley:00145793:media:feb2s001457930900101x:feb2s001457930900101x-math-si60 subunit of the DNA polymerase III (DnaE) intein from Nostoc punctiforme PCC73102 (Npu) using purified proteins and determined an apparent first‐order rate constant of urn:x-wiley:00145793:media:feb2s001457930900101x:feb2s001457930900101x-math-si61 s−1 at 37 °C. This represents the highest rate reported for the protein trans‐splicing reaction so far (urn:x-wiley:00145793:media:feb2s001457930900101x:feb2s001457930900101x-math-si62 of urn:x-wiley:00145793:media:feb2s001457930900101x:feb2s001457930900101x-math-si63 60 s). Furthermore, the reaction was very robust and high‐yielding with respect to different extein sequences, temperatures from 6 to 37 °C, and the presence of up to 6 M urea. Given these outstanding properties, the Npu DnaE intein appears to be the intein of choice for many applications in protein and cellular chemistry.
Macrophage inhibitory cytokine MIC‐1 is upregulated by short‐wavelength light in cultured normal human dermal fibroblasts
Authors: Akiyama Masashi , Okano Keiko , Fukada Yoshitaka , Okano Toshiyuki
Published: February 2009

To better understand dermal response to visible light, we used DNA microarray analysis to search genes induced by blue or near‐UV light in normal human dermal fibroblasts. Of about 12 800 transcripts analyzed, near‐UV light most prominently upregulated the transcript level of Mic‐1, a gene encoding a TGF‐β superfamily protein. Quantitative RT‐PCR and immunoblot analyses revealed that mRNA and protein levels of Mic‐1 were upregulated by both short‐wavelength light but not by green or red light. These results suggest that the human dermis is a site for macrophage inhibitory cytokine‐1 (MIC‐1) production and that visible light activates a dermal transcription cascade. Considering the role of MIC‐1 in immune regulation and appetite control, photic MIC‐1 regulation is of physiological importance.
Matrix metalloproteinase‐1 expression induced by IL‐1β requires acid sphingomyelinase
Authors: Bauer Jessica , Huy Christian , Brenmoehl Julia , Obermeier Florian , Bock Jürgen
Published: February 2009

Matrix metalloproteinase‐1 (MMP‐1) is increased in inflammatory conditions leading to destruction of extracellular matrix. Many inflammatory stimuli activate sphingomyelinases (SMases), which generate ceramide. We aimed to define the relevance and type of SMase responsible for the regulation of MMP‐1. Acid sphingomyelinase (ASM)‐deficient human fibroblasts failed to phosphorylate extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK), or upregulate MMP‐1 mRNA and protein expression upon stimulation with interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1β), whereas phosphorylation of p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase and IL‐8 production remained unaffected. Transfection of ASM restored MMP‐1 production. Addition of exogenous SMase was sufficient to restore activation of ERK and increase MMP‐1 mRNA. Inhibition of ASM with imipramine completely abrogated MMP‐1 induction. The results suggest that IL‐1β‐induced expression of MMP‐1 is dependent on ASM.
Sappho, Book I.: The Nereid Ode
Authors: Lobel E.
Published: February 2009

Since the poem of Sappho, which was first published as No. 7 of the Oxyrhynchus series, has been the object of a good deal of attention and ingenuity (some of it frivolous), it is perhaps not too early to publish a number of new readings, the result of repeated examinations of the papyrus (now P. 739 in the British Museum), that may provide a surer foundation for future attempts at reconstruction. I have submitted my suggestions to Professor Hunt, who does not reject them (though in fairness it must be added that he has not re-examined the original), and I have to thank him and Mr. H. I. Bell, of the Department of MSS., for the readiness of their help whenever and under whatever form I made appeal to it. But, of course, neither of them is in any way committed to any of my readings or deductions.
Eppe Kakh γahnh. Θ 164
Authors: Powell J. U.
Published: February 2009

Mr. Agar in Homerica, Preface ix., has suggested that κακ⋯ι γλ⋯νηι was the original reading, ‘Be off with the evil eye upon you.’ I have searched, but in vain, for any formula of imprecation corresponding to the formula of blessing, τύχ⋯γαθ⋯ι, though I should like to see it in κακ⋯ι τѵχ⋯ι of the Treacherous Hound in Agamemnon 1230. Mr. T. C. Snow, objecting to Mr. Agar's alterations of the Homeric text, once suggested to me that we should rather retain the vocative, and translate it, ‘Be off, evil eye.’ Others also may have thought of this, but it does not appear to have got into print.
Parmenides' Two Ways
Authors: Cornford F. M.
Published: February 2009

The object of this paper is to determine the relations between the two parts of Parmenides' poem: the Way of Truth, which deduces the necessary properties of a One Being, and the False Way, which contains a cosmogony based on ‘what seems to mortals, in which there is no true belief.’