bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chemical Composition, Antibacterial Activity, and Synergistic Effects with Conventional Antibiotics and Nitric Oxide Production Inhibitory Activity of Essential Oil from Geophila repens (L.) I.M. Johnst
Authors: Rao Huijuanzi , Lai Pengxiang , Gao Yang
Published: September 2017

Geophila repens (L.) I.M. Johnst, a perennial herb, belongs to the Rubiaceae family. In this study, we identified the chemical composition of the Geophila repens essential oil (GR-EO) for the first time. Totally, seventy-seven compounds were identified according to GC and GC-MS, which represent 98.0% of the oil. And the major components of GR-EO were β-caryophyllene (23.3%), β-elemene (8.0%), farnesyl butanoate (7.4%), myrcene (3.5%), and trans-nerolidol (3.3%). Then we evaluated the antibacterial activities of GR-EO and the synergistic effects of GR-EO in combination with commercial antibiotics using the microdilution and Checkerboard method. The results demonstrated that GR-EO possessed an excellent broad spectrum antibacterial activity, especially against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis. It also showed that the combined application of GR-EO with antibiotics led to synergistic effects in most cases. And the most prominent synergistic effect was noticed when GR-EO was in combination with Streptomycin and tested against Escherichia coli (fractional inhibitory concentration indices (FICI) of 0.13). Additionally, the results of a Griess assay revealed that GR-EO exhibited a potent inhibitory effect on NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 (murine macrophage) cells. In conclusion, the combination of GR-EO and the commercial antibiotics has significant potential for the development of new antimicrobial treatment and reduction of drug resistance.
Improving the Efficiency of New Automatic Dishwashing Detergent Formulation by Addition of Thermostable Lipase, Protease and Amylase
Authors: Naganthran Ashwini , Masomian Malihe , Rahman Raja Noor , Ali Mohd , Nooh Hisham
Published: September 2017

The use of T1 lipase in automatic dishwashing detergent (ADD) is well established, but efficiency in hard water is very low. A new enzymatic environmentally-friendly dishwashing was formulated to be efficient in both soft and hard water. Thermostable enzymes such as T1 lipase from Geobacillus strain T1, Rand protease from Bacillus subtilis strain Rand, and Maltogenic amylase from Geobacillus sp. SK70 were produced and evaluated for an automatic dishwashing detergent formulation. The components of the new ADD were optimized for compatibility with these three enzymes. In compatibility tests of the enzymes with different components, several criteria were considered. The enzymes were mostly stable in non-ionic surfactants, especially polyhydric alcohols, Glucopon UP 600, and in a mixture of sodium carbonate and glycine (30:70) buffer at a pH of 9.25. Sodium polyacrylate and sodium citrate were used in the ADD formulation as a dispersing agent and a builder, respectively. Dishwashing performance of the formulated ADDs was evaluated in terms of percent of soil removed using the Leenert‘s Improved Detergency Tester. The results showed that the combination of different hydrolysis enzymes could improve the washing efficiency of formulated ADD compared to the commercial ADD “Finish” at 40 and 50 C.
Field Emission from Self-Catalyzed GaAs Nanowires
Authors: Giubileo Filippo , Di Bartolomeo Antonio , Iemmo Laura , Luongo Giuseppe , Passacantando Maurizio , Koivusalo Eero , Hakkarainen Teemu , Guina Mircea
Published: September 2017

We report observations of field emission from self-catalyzed GaAs nanowires grown on Si (111). The measurements were taken inside a scanning electron microscope chamber with a nano-controlled tungsten tip functioning as anode. Experimental data were analyzed in the framework of the Fowler-Nordheim theory. We demonstrate stable current up to 10−7 A emitted from the tip of single nanowire, with a field enhancement factor β of up to 112 at anode-cathode distance d = 350 nm. A linear dependence of β on the anode-cathode distance was found. We also show that the presence of a Ga catalyst droplet suppresses the emission of current from the nanowire tip. This allowed for the detection of field emission from the nanowire sidewalls, which occurred with a reduced field enhancement factor and stability. This study further extends GaAs technology to vacuum electronics applications.
Acetylene Gas-Sensing Properties of Layer-by-Layer Self-Assembled Ag-Decorated Tin Dioxide/Graphene Nanocomposite Film
Authors: Jiang Chuanxing , Zhang Dongzhi , Yin Nailiang , Yao Yao , Shaymurat Talgar , Zhou Xiaoyan
Published: September 2017

This paper demonstrates an acetylene gas sensor based on an Ag-decorated tin dioxide/reduced graphene oxide (Ag–SnO2/rGO) nanocomposite film, prepared by layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly technology. The as-prepared Ag–SnO2/rGO nanocomposite was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectrum. The acetylene sensing properties were investigated using different working temperatures and gas concentrations. An optimal temperature of 90 °C was determined, and the Ag–SnO2/rGO nanocomposite sensor exhibited excellent sensing behaviors towards acetylene, in terms of response, repeatability, stability and response/recovery characteristics, which were superior to the pure SnO2 and SnO2/rGO film sensors. The sensing mechanism of the Ag–SnO2/rGO sensor was attributed to the synergistic effect of the ternary nanomaterials, and the heterojunctions created at the interfaces between SnO2 and rGO. This work indicates that the Ag–SnO2/rGO nanocomposite is a good candidate for constructing a low-temperature acetylene sensor.
Transparent Pullulan/Mica Nanocomposite Coatings with Outstanding Oxygen Barrier Properties
Authors: Uysal Unalan Ilke , Boyacı Derya , Trabattoni Silvia , Tavazzi Silvia , Farris Stefano
Published: September 2017

This study presents a new bionanocomposite coating on poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) made of pullulan and synthetic mica. Mica nanolayers have a very high aspect ratio (α), at levels much greater than that of conventional exfoliated clay layers (e.g., montmorillonite). A very small amount of mica (0.02 wt %, which is ϕ ≈ 0.00008) in pullulan coatings dramatically improved the oxygen barrier performance of the nanocomposite films under dry conditions, however, this performance was partly lost as the environmental relative humidity (RH) increased. This outcome was explained in terms of the perturbation of the spatial ordering of mica sheets within the main pullulan phase, because of RH fluctuations. This was confirmed by modelling of the experimental oxygen transmission rate (OTR) data according to Cussler’s model. The presence of the synthetic nanobuilding block (NBB) led to a decrease in both static and kinetic coefficients of friction, compared with neat PET (≈12% and 23%, respectively) and PET coated with unloaded pullulan (≈26% reduction in both coefficients). In spite of the presence of the filler, all of the coating formulations did not significantly impair the overall optical properties of the final material, which exhibited haze values below 3% and transmittance above 85%. The only exception to this was represented by the formulation with the highest loading of mica (1.5 wt %, which is ϕ ≈ 0.01). These findings revealed, for the first time, the potential of the NBB mica to produce nanocomposite coatings in combination with biopolymers for the generation of new functional features, such as transparent high oxygen barrier materials.
Broad and Inconsistent Muscle Food Classification Is Problematic for Dietary Guidance in the U.S.
Authors: Gifford Cody , O’Connor Lauren , Campbell Wayne , Woerner Dale , Belk Keith
Published: September 2017

Dietary recommendations regarding consumption of muscle foods, such as red meat, processed meat, poultry or fish, largely rely on current dietary intake assessment methods. This narrative review summarizes how U.S. intake values for various types of muscle foods are grouped and estimated via methods that include: (1) food frequency questionnaires; (2) food disappearance data from the U.S. Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service; and (3) dietary recall information from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. These reported methods inconsistently classify muscle foods into groups, such as those previously listed, which creates discrepancies in estimated intakes. Researchers who classify muscle foods into these groups do not consistently considered nutrient content, in turn leading to implications of scientific conclusions and dietary recommendations. Consequentially, these factors demonstrate a need for a more universal muscle food classification system. Further specification to this system would improve accuracy and precision in which researchers can classify muscle foods in nutrition research. Future multidisciplinary collaboration is needed to develop a new classification system via systematic review protocol of current literature.
Rethinking Amalek in This 21st Century
Authors: Jacobs Steven
Published: September 2017

Twice in the Hebrew Bible—Exodus 17:14–16 and Deuteronomy 25: 17–19—the ancient Israelites were commanded to “blot out” the memory of Amalek, their enemy for all time (as God intended to do as well). Yet, because these texts are a part of Jewish (and Christian) religious traditions, annually these passages are read in the synagogue on the appropriate Sabbath occasions in the annual reading cycle, and linked to the Festival of Purim that is based on the Book of Esther. Over the course of Jewish history, Amalek has served as the symbolic enemy of the Jewish people (e.g., Armenians, Nazis, Palestinians); indeed, all of the enemies of the Jews were and are understood to be descendants of the original Amalekites, and thus worthy not only of enmity but of destruction as well (e.g., Haman, Antiochus, Titus, Hadrian, Torquemada, Khmelnitsky, Hitler). Today, many of those in Israel allied with the so-called “settler movement” associated with right-of-center Orthodox Judaism and located among populations primarily of Palestinian Muslims, and Arabs view them as the descendants of Amalek as well, and thus sanction and legitimate their own at times violent actions and behaviors. At its most transparent level, responding to Amalek is a response to antisemitism, both historical and contemporary. This paper examines the history of Amalekut (“Amalek-ness”) within the Jewish (and Christian) religious tradition, the role of memory and forgetting of those survivors and their descendants traumatized by their enemies, the current manner of branding one’s enemies as descendants of Amalek, and whether, in truth, reconciliation is even possible among enemies of long standing. The implications and consequences for all of the divided groups thus becomes an enormous challenge. Practical suggestions are offered at the end as potential models for both present and future work as well.
Validation of a Novel Instrument to Measure Elements of Franciscan-Inspired Spirituality in a General Population and in Religious Persons
Authors: Büssing Arndt , Warode Markus , Gerundt Mareike , Dienberg Thomas
Published: September 2017

Today there are several approaches for bringing mindfulness, which conceptually refers to the Buddhist Vipassana tradition, into organizations. Programs referring to value-based attitudes and behaviors derived from specific Christian contexts are rarely evaluated. A prerequisite are reliable instruments for measuring the respective outcomes. We therefore performed a cross-sectional study among 418 participants to validate an instrument measuring specific aspects of Franciscan-inspired spirituality (FraSpir), particularly the core dimensions and transformative outcomes. Exploratory factor analysis of this FraSpir questionnaire with 26 items pointed to four main factors (i.e., “Live from Faith/Search for God”; “Peaceful attitude/Respectful Treatment”; “Commitment to Disadvantaged and Creation”; “Attitude of Poverty”). Their internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha) ranged from 0.79 to 0.97. With respect to convergent validity, there were sound correlations with engagement in religious practices, gratitude and awe, and prosocial-humanistic practices. The 26-item instrument was found to be a reliable and valid instrument for use in training and education programs. Interestingly, nuns and monks scored significantly higher on the Faith and Poverty subscales than others, but similarly on the two subscales addressing considerate action in the world. These attitudes and behaviors are not exclusively valued by those of religious faith, but by all.
A Simplified Method for UAV Multispectral Images Mosaicking
Authors: Ren Xiang , Sun Min , Zhang Xianfeng , Liu Lei
Published: September 2017

This paper presents a method for mosaicking unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) multispectral images. The main purpose of the proposed method is to reduce spatial distortion in the mosaicking process and increase robustness and the speed of the operation. Most UAV multispectral images have multiple bands, and in every band, ground targets have a variety of reflection characteristics that will result in diverse feature quality for feature matching. In this research, an information entropy-based evaluation method is used to select the optimal band for feature matching among the UAV images. To produce more robust matching results for the following alignment step, the evaluation method takes the contrast and spatial distribution of the feature points into consideration at the same time. In most common image mosaicking processes, the digital orthophoto map (DOM) is generated to achieve maximum spatial accuracy. During this process, the original image data will experience considerable irregular resampling, and the process is also unstable in some circumstances. The alignment step uses a simplified projection model that treats the ground as planar is provided, by which the alignment parameters are applied directly to the images instead of generating 3D points, to avoid irregular resampling and unstable 3D reconstruction. The proposed method is proved to be more efficient and accurate and has lower spectral distortion than state-of-the-art mosaicking software.
Effects of 4D-Var Data Assimilation Using Remote Sensing Precipitation Products in a WRF Model over the Complex Terrain of an Arid Region River Basin
Authors: Pan Xiaoduo , Li Xin , Cheng Guodong , Hong Yang
Published: September 2017

Individually, ground-based, in situ observations, remote sensing, and regional climate modeling cannot provide the high-quality precipitation data required for hydrological prediction, especially over complex terrains. Data assimilation techniques can be used to bridge the gap between observations and models by assimilating ground observations and remote sensing products into models to improve precipitation simulation and forecasting. However, only a small portion of satellite-retrieved precipitation products assimilation research has been implemented over complex terrains in an arid region. Here, we used the weather research and forecasting (WRF) model to assimilate two satellite precipitation products (The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission: TRMM 3B42 and Fengyun-2D: FY-2D) using the 4D-Var data assimilation method for a typical inland river basin in northwest China’s arid region, the Heihe River Basin, where terrains are very complex. The results show that the assimilation of remote sensing precipitation products can improve the initial WRF fields of humidity and temperature, thereby improving precipitation forecasting and decreasing the spin-up time. Hence, assimilating TRMM and FY-2D remote sensing precipitation products using WRF 4D-Var can be viewed as a positive step toward improving the accuracy and lead time of numerical weather prediction models, particularly over regions with complex terrains.
A Satellite-Based Assessment of the Distribution and Biomass of Submerged Aquatic Vegetation in the Optically Shallow Basin of Lake Biwa
Authors: Yadav Shweta , Yoneda Minoru , Susaki Junichi , Tamura Masayuki , Ishikawa Kanako , Yamashiki Yosuke
Published: September 2017

Assessing the abundance of submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV), particularly in shallow lakes, is essential for effective lake management activities. In the present study we applied satellite remote sensing (a Landsat-8 image) in order to evaluate the SAV coverage area and its biomass for the peak growth period, which is mainly in September or October (2013 to 2016), in the eutrophic and shallow south basin of Lake Biwa. We developed and validated a satellite-based water transparency retrieval algorithm based on the linear regression approach (R2 = 0.77) to determine the water clarity (2013–2016), which was later used for SAV classification and biomass estimation. For SAV classification, we used Spectral Mixture Analysis (SMA), a Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM), and a binary decision tree, giving an overall classification accuracy of 86.5% and SAV classification accuracy of 76.5% (SAV kappa coefficient 0.74), based on in situ measurements. For biomass estimation, a new Spectral Decomposition Algorithm was developed. The satellite-derived biomass (R2 = 0.79) for the SAV classified area gives an overall root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 0.26 kg Dry Weight (DW) m-2. The mapped SAV coverage area was 20% and 40% in 2013 and 2016, respectively. Estimated SAV biomass for the mapped area shows an increase in recent years, with values of 3390 t (tons, dry weight) in 2013 as compared to 4550 t in 2016. The maximum biomass density (4.89 kg DW m-2) was obtained for a year with high water transparency (September 2014). With the change in water clarity, a slow change in SAV growth was noted from 2013 to 2016. The study shows that water clarity is important for the SAV detection and biomass estimation using satellite remote sensing in shallow eutrophic lakes. The present study also demonstrates the successful application of the developed satellite-based approach for SAV biomass estimation in the shallow eutrophic lake, which can be tested in other lakes.
A Robust Vehicle Localization Approach Based on GNSS/IMU/DMI/LiDAR Sensor Fusion for Autonomous Vehicles
Authors: Meng Xiaoli , Wang Heng , Liu Bingbing
Published: September 2017

Precise and robust localization in a large-scale outdoor environment is essential for an autonomous vehicle. In order to improve the performance of the fusion of GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System)/IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit)/DMI (Distance-Measuring Instruments), a multi-constraint fault detection approach is proposed to smooth the vehicle locations in spite of GNSS jumps. Furthermore, the lateral localization error is compensated by the point cloud-based lateral localization method proposed in this paper. Experiment results have verified the algorithms proposed in this paper, which shows that the algorithms proposed in this paper are capable of providing precise and robust vehicle localization.
In Vitro Activities of Enantiopure and Racemic 1′-Acetoxychavicol Acetate against Clinical Isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Warit Saradee , Rukseree Kamolchanok , Prammananan Therdsak , Hongmanee Poonpilas , Billamas Pamaree , Jaitrong Sarinya , Chaiprasert Angkana , Jaki Birgit , Pauli Guido , Franzblau Scott , Palittapongarnpim Prasit
Published: September 2017

In the process of evaluating the effect of several plant extracts against Mycobacterium tuberculosis using the Microplate Alamar Blue Assay (MABA), an extract of Thai herb Alpinia galanga rhizome and its major component, 1′-acetoxychavicol acetate (ACA), exhibited marked anti-tuberculosis activity. The minimal inhibition concentrations (MICs) of the S-enantiomer of ACA (S-ACA) against M. tuberculosis H37Ra ATCC 25177 and H37Rv ATCC 27294 strains were 0.2 µg/mL and 0.7 µg/mL, respectively. More than 95% of 100 drug-sensitive and 50 drug-resistant mycobacterial clinical isolates were inhibited by extracted S-ACA at 1.0 µg/mL. All of the remaining isolates were inhibited at 2.0 µg/mL. In contrast to the S-enantiomer, synthetic racemic 1′-R,S-ACA (rac-ACA) showed MICs of 0.5 µg/mL and 2.7 µg/mL for M. tuberculosis H37Ra ATCC 25177 and H37Rv ATCC 27294, respectively, suggesting that the anti-tuberculosis effect might be primarily due to the S-form. These observations were in line with the MICs of rac-ACA against 98% of 93 drug-resistant clinical isolates, which showed the effective inhibitory dose at 2.0 µg/mL. After exposure to 2.7 µg/mL of rac-ACA for at least 3 h, the tubercle bacilli were completely killed. These demonstrated that ACA had potent anti-TB activity.
The Benefits of Taekwondo Training for Undergraduate Students: A Phenomenological Study
Authors: Petrovic Kimberly
Published: September 2017

The purpose of this phenomenological research was to discover whether training in the Korean martial art of Taekwondo may benefit undergraduate (UG) students in handling stress. The goal of this innovative approach to learning and stress management was to allow UG students from across disciplines at a metropolitan university achieve an increased sense of emotional balance, inner peace, and overall well-being in body, mind, and spirit. No such study has been conducted before now. This research was multidisciplinary in its inclusion of insights from the tenets of higher education, human development and psychology, nursing and sociology, as well as the art, philosophy, and sport of Taekwondo. Ten UG student participants were sought for this research study, though a total of eight students agreed to participate. The study was open to all of the UG students at this university. Phenomenology was used to identify themes that emerged regarding student participant’s experience with stress. Consequently, new ideas were established about the ways in which UG students learned to use Taekwondo training to overcome stress, thereby improving upon and maintaining health and well-being in body, mind, and spirit.
Comparison of Different Minimal Velocity Thresholds to Establish Deadlift One Repetition Maximum
Authors: Lake Jason , Naworynsky David , Duncan Freddie , Jackson Matt
Published: September 2017

The aim of this study was to compare the actual deadlift one repetition maximum (1RM) and the deadlift 1RM predicted from individualised load-velocity profiles. Twelve moderately resistance-trained men participated in three deadlift sessions. During the first, 1RM was assessed; during the second, load-velocity profiles were recorded with six loads (65% to 90% 1RM) using a linear position transducer recording at 1000 Hz; and during the third, minimal velocity thresholds (MVT) were recorded from the velocity of the last repetition during sets to volitional fatigue with 70% and 80% 1RM with a linear position transducer recording at 1000 Hz. Regression was then used to generate individualised load-velocity profiles and the MVT was used as a cut-off value from which to predict deadlift 1RM. In general, velocity reliability was poor to moderate. More importantly, predicted deadlift 1RMs were significantly and meaningfully less than actual deadlift 1RMs (p < 0.05, d = 1.03–1.75). The main practical application that should be taken from the results of this study is that individualized load-velocity profiles should not be used to predict deadlift 1RM. Practitioners should not use this method in combination with the application of MVT obtained from the last repetition of sets to volitional fatigue.
Block V RTX Domain of Adenylate Cyclase from Bordetella pertussis: A Conformationally Dynamic Scaffold for Protein Engineering Applications
Authors: Bulutoglu Beyza , Banta Scott
Published: September 2017

The isolated Block V repeats-in-toxin (RTX) peptide domain of adenylate cyclase (CyaA) from Bordetella pertussis reversibly folds into a β-roll secondary structure upon calcium binding. In this review, we discuss how the conformationally dynamic nature of the peptide is being engineered and employed as a switching mechanism to mediate different protein functions and protein-protein interactions. The peptide has been used as a scaffold for diverse applications including: a precipitation tag for bioseparations, a cross-linking domain for protein hydrogel formation and as an alternative scaffold for biomolecular recognition applications. Proteins and peptides such as the RTX domains that exhibit natural stimulus-responsive behavior are valuable building blocks for emerging synthetic biology applications.
Equine PBMC Cytokines Profile after In Vitro α- and γ-EHV Infection: Efficacy of a Parapoxvirus Ovis Based-Immunomodulator Treatment
Authors: Hue Erika , Richard Eric , Fortier Christine , Fortier Guillaume , Paillot Romain , Raue Rudiger , Pronost Stéphane
Published: September 2017

Equine herpesviruses (EHV) infect horses early during life and the persistence of these viruses through establishment of latency represents a real risk. A better understanding of the immune response to EHV infection is necessary to improve our methods of prevention and decrease the risk of transmission. The objectives of this study were to characterise the cytokine gene expression profile of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) after in vitro EHV-1, EHV-4, and EHV-2 infection and to determine the efficacy of inactivated Parapoxvirus ovis (iPPVO) against these 3 viruses. PBMC were isolated from 3 horses and infected in vitro with EHV-1, EHV-4, or EHV-2 in the presence or absence of iPPVO. In vitro culture of PBMC with EHV-1, EHV-4, and iPPVO induced a significant increase of IFN-α, IFN-β, and IFN-γ gene expression. EHV-4 also triggered a significant increase of IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA. EHV-2 triggered a significant increase of IFN-α, IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α mRNA. The presence of iPPVO induced an earlier and stronger expression of IFN-α, IFN-β, and IFN-γ mRNA during EHV infection and reduced the inflammatory response induced by EHV-2. In conclusion, this study suggests that the presence of iPPVO potentiates the development of the immune response to in vitro EHV infection.
Current Status of Rift Valley Fever Vaccine Development
Authors: Faburay Bonto , LaBeaud Angelle , McVey D. , Wilson William , Richt Juergen
Published: September 2017

Rift Valley Fever (RVF) is a mosquito-borne zoonotic disease that presents a substantial threat to human and public health. It is caused by Rift Valley fever phlebovirus (RVFV), which belongs to the genus Phlebovirus and the family Phenuiviridae within the order Bunyavirales. The wide distribution of competent vectors in non-endemic areas coupled with global climate change poses a significant threat of the transboundary spread of RVFV. In the last decade, an improved understanding of the molecular biology of RVFV has facilitated significant progress in the development of novel vaccines, including DIVA (differentiating infected from vaccinated animals) vaccines. Despite these advances, there is no fully licensed vaccine for veterinary or human use available in non-endemic countries, whereas in endemic countries, there is no clear policy or practice of routine/strategic livestock vaccinations as a preventive or mitigating strategy against potential RVF disease outbreaks. The purpose of this review was to provide an update on the status of RVF vaccine development and provide perspectives on the best strategies for disease control. Herein, we argue that the routine or strategic vaccination of livestock could be the best control approach for preventing the outbreak and spread of future disease.
Infection by Microsporum canis in Paediatric Patients: A Veterinary Perspective
Authors: Pasquetti Mario , Min Anna , Scacchetti Stefania , Dogliero Andrea , Peano Andrea
Published: September 2017

Microsporum canis is a dermatophyte fungus of which cats and dogs are recognized as the natural hosts. M. canis is also easily transmitted to humans, causing lesions to the glabrous skin (tinea corporis) and to the head (tinea capitis). The present study describes some cases of infection with M. canis in children from a veterinary perspective, highlighting some important features of this clinical entity (e.g., the necessity to identify the animal source of infection with appropriate diagnostic tests; the fact that infected cats may present with no or atypical dermatological signs; and the importance of the environment as a fungal reserve).
Ranking of Storm Water Harvesting Sites Using Heuristic and Non-Heuristic Weighing Approaches
Authors: Pathak Shray , Ojha Chandra , Zevenbergen Chris , Garg Rahul
Published: September 2017

Conservation of water is essential as climate change coupled with land use changes influence the distribution of water availability. Stormwater harvesting (SWH) is a widely used conservation measure, which reduces pressure on fresh water resources. However, determining the availability of stormwater and identifying the suitable sites for SWH require consideration of various socio-economic and technical factors. Earlier studies use demand, ratio of runoff to demand and weighted demand distance, as the screening criteria. In this study, a Geographic Information System (GIS) based screening methodology is adopted for identifying potential suitable SWH sites in urban areas as a first pass, and then a detailed study is done by applying suitability criteria. Initially, potential hotspots are identified by a concept of accumulated catchments and later the sites are screened and ranked using various screening parameters namely demand, ratio of runoff to demand and weighted demand distance. During this process, the opinion of experts for finalizing the suitable SWH sites brings subjectivity in the methodology. To obviate this, heuristic (Saaty Analytic hierarchy process (AHP)) and non-heuristic approaches (Entropy weight, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) weighing techniques) are adapted for allotting weights to the parameters and applied in the ranking of SWH sites in Melbourne, Australia and Dehradun, India. It is observed that heuristic approach is not effective for the study area as it was affected by the subjectivity in the expert opinion. Results obtained by non-heuristic approach come out to be in a good agreement with the sites finalized for SWH by the water planners of the study area. Hence, the proposed ranking methodology has the potential for application in decision making of suitable storm water harvesting sites.
Variability of Stable Isotope in Lake Water and Its Hydrological Processes Identification in Mt. Yulong Region
Authors: Shi Xiaoyi , Pu Tao , He Yuanqing , Qi Cuishan , Zhang Guotao , Xia Dunsheng
Published: September 2017

Lakes are regarded as important nodes in water resources, playing pivotal roles in the regional hydrological cycle. However, the systematic study on lake water balance is scarce in Mt. Yulong region. Here, we study the stable isotope compositions of precipitation, inflowing rivers and lake water to exploit the characteristics of hydrological supply and lake water balance. The results showed that there was a typical spatial distribution of surface isotope in August and April. Relatively high δ18O values with low d-excess were found on the east and west shores of the lake in August and in the middle part of the lake in April. The lowest δ18O with highest d-excess were found in the north and south shores in August and April, respectively. Meanwhile, slight isotopic stratification indicated that the lake water was vertically mixed-well. Subsequently, the evaporation-to-inflow ratios (E/Is) during the two periods were further derived based on the isotope mass balance model. Approximately 51% in August and 12% in April of the water flowing into Lashi Lake underwent evaporation. This study provides a reference for the long-term monitoring and modeling the hydrology processes of the basin, and is important for the regional water resource.
-1,3-Galactosyl-O-Glycosyl-Glycoprotein -1,6-N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase 3 Increases MCAM Stability, Which Enhances S100A8/A9-Mediated Cancer Motility
Authors: Sumardika I Wayan , Youyi Chen , Kondo Eisaku , Inoue Yusuke , Ruma I Made Winarsa , Murata Hitoshi , Kinoshita Rie , Yamamoto Ken-Ichi , Tomida Shuta , Shien Kazuhiko , Sato Hiroki , Yamauchi Akira , Futami Junichiro , Putranto Endy Widya , Hibino Toshihiko , Toyooka Shinichi , Nishibori Masahiro , Sakaguchi Masakiyo
Published: September 2017

We previously identified novel S100A8/A9 receptors, extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN), melanoma cell adhesion molecule (MCAM), activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM), and neuroplastin (NPTN) , that are critically involved in S100A8/A9-mediated cancer
metastasis and inflammation when expressed at high levels. However, little is known about the presence of any cancer-specific mechanism(s) that modifies these receptors, further inducing upregulation at protein levels without any transcriptional regulation. Expression levels of glycosyltransferase-encoding
genes were examined by a PCR-based profiling array followed by confirmation with quantitative real-time PCR. Cell migration and invasion were assessed using a Boyden chamber. Western blotting was used to examine the protein level, and the RNA level was examined by Northern blotting. Immunohistochemistry
was used to examine the expression pattern of -1,3-galactosyl-O-glycosyl-glycoprotein -1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 3 (GCNT3) and MCAM in melanoma tissue. We found that GCNT3 is overexpressed in highly metastatic melanomas. Silencing and functional inhibition of GCNT3
greatly suppressed migration and invasion of melanoma cells, resulting in the loss of S100A8/A9 responsiveness. Among the novel S100A8/A9 receptors, GCNT3 favorably glycosylates the MCAM receptor, extending its half-life and leading to further elevation of S100A8/A9-mediated cellular motility
in melanoma cells. GCNT3 expression is positively correlated to MCAM expression in patients with high-grade melanomas. Collectively, our results showed that GCNT3 is an upstream regulator of MCAM protein and indicate the possibility of a potential molecular target in melanoma therapeutics
through abrogation of the S100A8/A9MCAM axis.
Are boat transition states likely to occur in Cope rearrangements? A DFT study of the biogenesis of germacranes
Authors: Barquera-Lozada José Enrique , Cuevas Gabriel
Published: September 2017

It has been proposed that elemanes are biogenetically formed from germacranes by Cope sigmatropic rearrangements. Normally, this reaction proceeds through a transition state with a chair conformation. However, the transformation of schkuhriolide (germacrane) into elemanschkuhriolide (elemane) may occur through a boat transition state due to the final configuration of the elemanschkuhriolide, but this transition state is questionable due to its high energy. The possible mechanisms of this transformation were studied in the density functional theory frame. The mechanistic differences between the transformation of (Z,E)-germacranes and (E,E)-germacranes were also studied. We found that (Z,E)-germacranolides are significantly more stable than (E,E)-germacranolides and elemanolides. In the specific case of schkuhriolide, even when the boat transition state is not energetically favored, a previous hemiacetalization lowers enough the energetic barrier to allow the formation of a very stable elemanolide that is even more stable than its (Z,E)-germacrane.
THE NON-TERRITORIALITY OF AN ERUV: RITUAL BEARINGS IN JEWISH URBAN LIFE
Authors: BECHHOFER Robert Y. G.
Published: September 2017

This paper considers the definition and meaning of an eruv1 as “territoriality without sovereignty” in Jewish tradition (Fonrobert 2005). It begins by exploring the origin and development of the term eruv itself, as well as its applications in different urban settings. It distinguishes between, on the one hand, the “enclosure” of the eruv that is made up of various natural and artificial structures that define its perimeter and, on the other hand, the “ritual community” created by the symbolic collection of bread that is known as eruvei chatzeirot. It suggests that much of the controversy, including legal issues of separation of church and state, as well as emotional issues such as the charge of “ghetto-ization”, surrounding urban eruvin (plural of eruv) may be connected to the identification of the area demarcated by an eruv as a “territoriality”. It argues that the enclosure of an eruv is not in itself religious in nature but rather makes up a completely arbitrary and generic “space”, and that it is only through and on account of the eruvei chatzeirot that this space becomes meaningful as a purely symbolic “place” one day a week (on the Sabbath). In the course of this analysis, it considers the one “weekday” on which an eruv may be significant – the Jewish holiday of Purim – and how on that day it may be a tool by which the area defined as part of a given city may be extended.
Comparative Analysis of Urban Condition the Residential Market Area with the Use of GIS Tools
Authors: Renigier-Biłozor Małgorzata , Biłozor Andrzej
Published: September 2017

Analysis of the significance of structural and spatial similarities aims to identify homogeneous categories of real estate markets on the basis of the urban features of the area. Real estate markets play an increasingly important role in the global economy and investment, which is why the reliable view of residential market area became an essential tool in the process of investment planning. The positions of particular cities that will be developed by themselves according to established criteria can be crucial when choosing an investment location, and can affect the range of influence of the central site for the entire region. The aim of the research is to conduct the comparative analysis of the condition of residential market area in relation to their urban features. The social, spatial, economic and residential factors will be analysed taking into consideration their exogenous structure. The assessments of coherence and diversification of esidential markets similarities in terms of their mutual location will be shown in the article. The developed methodology will be presented on the example of the largest residential markets centers in Poland. Due to the dynamic and complex nature of the information related to real estate (in various residential regions), and increase the objectivity of the results, the assumptions of data mining analysis and GiS tools will be used.
The Revitalisation of Historical Buildings as a Factor Shaping the Development of Sustainable Cities
Authors: Rząsa Krzysztof , Ogryzek Marek
Published: September 2017

Many Polish cities have objects in them that have ceased to function in accordance with their intended use, for one reason or another. These are often post-industrial objects and former military facilities. As a result of the social, political and economic transformations that have taken place in Poland over the years after the Second World War, these objects have lost the meaning of their existence and functioning. Quite often such objects also have a historical character, which may, under Polish law, serve to hinder the possibility of them being reused. A well prepared revitalisation is often the only way for such objects to regain their earlier functionality, or gain a new one. Selected examples of the revitalisation of historic buildings located in Olsztyn (the capital of Warmia and Mazury, the Voivodeship in North-East Poland) were analysed by the authors in this article, and the effects of such actions, connected to the development of the city, were presented. The study included examples of the revitalisation of post-industrial objects and former military facilities. The analysis was performed in the years 2010–2016. The history and previous functional status of the tested objects were presented, as well as their present form and function. The authors have performed a comprehensive analysis of the compliance of new functions of objects with the idea of the sustainable development of the city. The results show the extent to which the analysed activities comply with the principles of sustainable development, in social, economic and environmental terms.
Creation of Theoretical Road Traffic Noise Model with the Help of GIS
Authors: Szopińska Kinga
Published: September 2017

Road traffic noise, as a form of environmental pollution, is an important element causing discomfort among inhabitants and leading to the emergence of noise nuisance influencing the shaping of urban space. The basic tool in combating noise is a Strategic Noise Map (SNM), which, understood as a system, constitutes an element of a city’s information layer. The system, illustrating the noise situation within a city, is prepared by means of a calculationmeasurement method using specialized computer programs. The assessment of road traffic noise begins by defining the amount of noise emissions coming from acoustically-homogenous sections (emission map), and ends with determining the extent of noise propagation in urban space (immission map). The above process is based on the analysis of actual input data describing, in a detailed manner, the analyzed road infrastructure in terms of the characteristics of the road section, information on the volume and type of traffic, and data on the organization of traffic. Under such extensive analysis of the condition of the environment, it is appropriate to apply GIS data as a methodological basis for creating SNMs. GIS data make it possible to unify the rules for collecting and archiving values characterizing the condition of the environment, as well as parameters influencing the level of noise. The aim of work is create a theoretical road traffic noise model with the help of GIS. The scope of information in attribute tables of acoustically-homogenous road sections comprising a GIS thematic layer was described in detail. The above information are the basis for generating digital road traffic noise emission maps as well as being the starting point for assessing road traffic noise in the area of a city in the form of immission maps. The article additionally analyzes the results of data derived from the first phase of noise mapping in Europe, as well as familiarizing the reader with the procedure of modelling road traffic noise emission in accordance with the CNOSSOS-EU which will become binding as of 31 December 2018 throughout the European Union, and which was introduced by the provisions of the new noise directive – Directive 2015/996 of 19 May 2015.
The Quality of the Living Environment versus Natural Factors – the Case Study of Olsztyn
Authors: Wasilewicz-Pszczółkowska Monika , Szczepanska Agnieszka
Published: September 2017

Current social requirements concerning the living environment tend to be more and more related to the natural values of the urban space. People are aware of the fact that contact with nature is extremely important for of mental and physical health. Therefore, the quality of the natural environment around the place of living influences the quality of life. The studies confirm that the presence of natural elements in the urban space may expressly affect the improvement of this quality. An example of a city with high quality of life is represented by Olsztyn, the capital of the Warmian- Masurian Province, located within the borders of the functional area of the Green Lungs of Poland, which is characterized by the particularly valuable quality of its natural environment. This is confirmed by the results of the social Diagnosis dated 2015, which put Olsztyn in 4th place among the largest Polish cities in the ranking concerning the quality of life. It is also influenced by the quality of the natural environment, which in the case of Olsztyn is manifested in a large number of green areas and standing bodies of water located within the administrative borders of the city. The aim of this paper is to compare the quality of the living environment of individual boroughs of Olsztyn conditioned by the natural elements (greenery, bodies of water, air, noise) in relation to the received public opinion polling results.
The Impact of Load Bearing Capacity of Airfield Pavement Structures on the Air Traffic Safety
Authors: Wesołowski Mariusz , Blacha Krzysztof
Published: September 2017

Airfield pavement is a marked and appropriately prepared surface of an airfield functional element that performs a definite function in aircraft operations. The structure of airfield pavement is most often composed of a set of layers whose task is to absorb and transfer loads coming from moving aircraft onto the ground in a way that ensures its definite durability. Structures of airfield pavements are designed for a definite exploitation period on the assumption of predicted volume and structure of the air traffic. Safety of air operations conducted by aircrafts on airfield pavements depends mainly on the state of bearing capacity of their construction. Due to the above, control tests of bearing capacity shall be periodically conducted, since information regarding the current state of an airfield pavement constitutes the basis for decisions concerning the types of aircrafts permitted to land and take off, traffic volume and dates of starting renovation or modernization works. In addition to loads generated by aircraft, on the condition of airfield pavement load bearing capacity is influenced by many external factors, including weather conditions. The ACN-PCN non-destructive method is currently used in the assessment of airfield bearing capacity, which has been introduced by ICAO (ICAO 2013). According to its assumptions, the airfield construction bearing capacity may be expressed in PCN or permissible number of air operations. The fundamental problem by measuring airfield pavements is to assume the correct computational model of a structure, which describes the way of cooperation and mechanical properties of individual layers. This paper contains the way of assessing and description of PCN as well as presentation of the possibility of expressing bearing capacity results by determination of permissible number of aircraft operations. There is also interrelation between PCN and the permissible number of aircraft operations presented in a graphic way.
The Use of Augmented Reality in Geomatics
Authors: Bednarczyk Michał
Published: September 2017

User interfaces are in continuous progress. As the computing power of modern machines grows, they become more user-friendly and intuitive. Not all solutions are widely accepted, sometimes they become only a “curiosity”, while another ones achieve success. Lately, some user interface designers strive for such solutions, in which the user will have the impression of “staying” or “permeation” of the system with reality and therefore some kind of software integration with the environment. This is achieved by various methods utilizing interfaces controlled by voice or touch. Quite spectacular and very interesting are solutions that integrate image generated by a computer with a real view. This technology is called AR – Augmented Reality, and is the core of the author’s considerations about its application in contemporary surveying and GIS practice. In this article, are presented issues related to the possibilities that lie in the use of this technology in the daily work of geo-engineer.