bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanochemical Synthesis and Characterization of Samarium Oxide-Hematite Magnetic Ceramic Nanostructures
Authors:   Duquesne University, Department of Physics, Fisher Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, United States, Sorescu Monica
Published: December 2024

Mixed-oxide nanostructures of the type xSm2O3-(1-x)alpha-Fe2O3 (x=0.1 and 0.5) were synthesized by mechanochemical activation for ball milling times of 0, 2, 4, 8 and 12 hours. The 0-h Mӧssbauer spectrum was analyzed with a sextet characteristic to hematite. A second sextet with a lower value of the hyperfine magnetic field was assigned to samarium-doped hematite. An additional quadrupole-split doublet, whose abundance showed a general trend to increase with the ball milling time, was attributed to superparamagnetic samarium iron perovskite (samarium orthoferrite) phase. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns for the equimolar composition were dominated by the diffraction peaks of SmFeO3 after 12 h of milling. The hysteresis loops recorded at 5 K and an applied magnetic field of 5 T exhibited higher values of the magnetization than the similar ones measured at 300 K, but did not saturate at this field strength. The coercive field values showed a decrease with decreasing the particle size after prolonged milling. The zero-field-cooling-field-cooling (ZFC-FC) measurements performed at 200 Oe and 5-300 K were consistent with an increase in magnetization with ball milling time. The Tauc plots derived from the optical diffuse reflectance spectra showed that the samples were semiconductors with a band gap of ~2.1 eV.
Monoclonal Antibody Treatments for Alzheimer's Disease: Aducanumab and Lecanemab
Authors:   Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh, Chowdhury Selia
Published: December 2024

Alzheimer's disease (AD) has witnessed a gradual rise in its prevalence in recent decades, particularly impacting a substantial segment of individuals aged 85 and above. The core pathological features of AD involve the presence of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles formed due to the hyperphosphorylation of tau protein. Current AD treatments primarily provide symptomatic relief without addressing the fundamental disease progression. Given the sluggish pace of finding a definitive AD cure, research has shifted its focus towards pioneering approaches. There is an increasing emphasis on targeting the early stages of AD, with the aim of intervening before irreversible pathological changes take hold, thus preserving cognitive function and neuronal health.
In recent years, significant strides have been made in the development and subsequent clinical testing of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) designed to potentially alter the underlying pathophysiology of AD. These therapeutic strategies involve the utilization of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specifically directed at Aβ. Some of the drugs falling into this category include aducanumab, bapineuzumab, gantenerumab, solanezumab, and lecanemab. These treatment approaches are grounded in the hypothesis that a systemic failure in clearing Aβ contributes to the initiation and progression of AD. Recently, aducanumab and lecanemab have received FDA approval for the treatment of AD with mild cognitive impairment. This review offers a comprehensive summation of recent research endeavors that delve into the therapeutic effects and clinical trial outcomes of aducanumab and lecanemab in individuals afflicted by AD.
Impact of the reporting source on Platelet Inhibition and Treatment Outcomes (PLATO) trial deaths
Authors:   Johns Hopkins University, Department of Neurology, Baltimore, MD, USA, Serebruany Victor , Tanguay Jean-Francois ,   Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, Cabrera-Fuentes Hector A. ,   Research Center, Faculty of Medicine UNAM-UABJO, Autonomous University “Benito Juárez” of Oaxaca (UABJO), Oaxaca, Mexico, Gurvich Milana L. ,   University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland USA, Marciniak Thomas ,   Bethany Beach, Delaware, USA
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND: Platelet Inhibition and Clinical Outcomes (PLATO) was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind trial assessing efficacy and safety of ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndrome. The reported mortality benefit of ticagrelor in the PLATO trial has been challenged for over decade, and never confirmed in later trials.
OBJECTIVE: To compare if there were any differences when deaths were reported to the FDA by the sponsors or by independent Contract Research Organizations (CRO).
METHODS: We obtained the complete PLATO deaths dataset reported to the FDA and revealed that some events were inaccurately reported favoring ticagrelor. The entire FDA list contains precisely detailed 938 PLATO deaths. The CRO reported outcomes from the USA, Russia, Georgia, and most of Ukraine, while sites in 39 other countries were controlled by the trial sponsors. We compared vascular- (code “11”), non-vascular- (code “12”), and unknown (code “97”) deaths triaged by the reporting source.
RESULTS: Overall, most PLATO deaths were vascular (n=677), less non-vascular (n=159) and unexpectedly many of “other” (n=7) or “unknown” (n=95) origin reported either by sponsors (n=807) or CRO (n=131). The trial sponsors reported more clopidogrel deaths from vascular (313 vs.239), nonvascular (86 vs.58) and unknown (53 vs. 26) causes.
In contrast, CRO-monitored sites reported significantly (72 vs. 53; p<0.01) more ticagrelor deaths than after clopidogrel from vascular (51 vs.39), non-vascular (8 vs.7) and unknown (10 vs. 4) causes.
CONCLUSION: Deaths were reported differently by sponsors and CRO within the same trial. Since some deaths were misreported by PLATO sponsors, only the CRO data seems mostly reliable. Among all countries, the CRO - reported PLATO-USA outcomes represent the largest and most realistic dataset of realistic evidence suggesting ticagrelor inferiority to clopidogrel for all primary endpoint components including vascular death.
Discovery that cells have plasma membrane portals called porosomes that govern secretion
Authors:   Professor of Translational Cardiology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark, Liehn Elisa A.
Published: December 2024

A large number of products are synthesized and packaged in membrane vesicles to be secreted from cells to carry out essential physiological functions such as nerve transmission, digestion and immune response. How do cells secrete with great precision a portion of the vesicle contents? These questions have been answered through the work of Dr. Bhanu P. Jena, a cell physiologist and chemist at Wayne State University School of Medicine in Detroit Already in the mid 1990s he discovered that pancreatic acinar cells possess secretory portals (porosomes) at the cell plasma membrane that govern the transport and secretion of digestive enzymes. During the next twenty-five years, Jena characterized in great detail the molecular mechanisms underlying this secretory process. He also showed that similar “secretory portals”, or “porosomes”, are present in all cell types including endocrine cells secreting hormones and brain neurons secreting neurotransmitters.
The principles discovered and described by Bhanu P. Jena turned out to be universal, operating similarly in all animal cells. A number of human hereditary diseases are caused by mutations in some of the nearly 30 proteins composing the porosome complex. Jena’s discovery of the porosome, in addition to providing a deep understanding of cell secretion, has also contributed to the establishment of a drug development platform (https://www.porosome.com) for the treatment of a wide range of diseases. Among the therapeutic application is porosome reconstitution in stem cell derived beta cells, for the treatment of Type 1 diabetes and holds great promise for the cure of cystic fibrosis.
Role of C-reactive protein in disease progression, diagnosis and management
Authors:   MBBS, CMH Lahore Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan, Ali Sarah , Zehra Aiza ,   MBBS, CMH Lahore Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan, Khalid Muhammad Umair ,   MBBS, CMH Lahore Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan, Hassan Momina ,   MBBS, CMH Lahore Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan, Shah Syed Imran Ali ,   Head of Department, Department of Biochemistry, CMH Lahore Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
Published: December 2024

C-reactive protein (CRP) is a ring-shaped pentameric protein synthesized in the liver via CRP gene transcription. It is an inflammatory marker, whose serum levels can be measured using traditional and high-sensitivity tests. In healthy adults, the normal CRP serum concentrations vary between 0.8 mg/L and 3.0 mg/L. These can be grouped into low-, moderate-, and high-risk categories according to CRP levels of less than 1, 1-3, and greater than 3 mg/L, respectively. Elevated levels have been observed in infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and malignancies. However, it is not specific to any disease. Serum CRP levels have also been shown to indicate the risk of cardiovascular disease, owing to their role as inflammatory markers in atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and peripheral arterial disease. Furthermore, its role in autoimmune diseases, such as Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis, and its involvement in the development of cancers, including breast, colorectal, ovarian, prostate, and lung cancers, have also been studied. The involvement of CRP in determining the course of infection and differentiating between bacterial and viral infections has also been investigated. This review summarizes the published literature on C-reactive protein and its role in disease management and progression.
Mammary Myofibroblastoma - An Elusive Cause of Breast Lump
Authors:   Department of Pathology, Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital & Research Centre, New Chandigarh, Punjab, India, Nishith Nilay , Sancheti Sankalp ,   Department of Pathology, Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital & Research Centre, New Chandigarh, Punjab, India, Somal Puneet Kaur ,   Department of Pathology, Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital & Research Centre, New Chandigarh, Punjab, India, Sharma Aishwarya ,   Department of Pathology, Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital & Research Centre, New Chandigarh, Punjab, India, Pawar Ravikiran N ,   Department of Pathology, Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital & Research Centre, New Chandigarh, Punjab, India
Published: December 2024

Mammary myofibroblastoma (MM) is an uncommon, benign mesenchymal neoplasm with a favourable prognosis. Its resemblance to various other benign and malignant lesions of the breast makes precise diagnosis challenging when examining biopsy samples. The rarity of mammary myofibroblastoma in India and worldwide underscores the importance of our case report, as we aim to contribute to the existing literature and expand the knowledge base of this neoplasm. Furthermore, we have delved into the diagnostic complexities associated with this lesion and highlighted the ancillary techniques employed to achieve an accurate and reliable diagnosis.
Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS): an unusual manifestation of multi-visceral abnormalities and long-term outcome
Authors:   Larkin Community Hospital, South Miami, FL, USA, Bhatt Kinal Paresh , Alsoud Fahed ,   Larkin Community Hospital, South Miami, FL, USA, Prashad Adesh ,   Larkin Community Hospital, South Miami, FL, USA, Ortega-Tola Jose ,   Larkin Community Hospital, South Miami, FL, USA, Singh Virendra Ravat ,   Larkin Community Hospital, South Miami, FL, USA, Patel Pooja ,   Larkin Community Hospital, South Miami, FL, USA, Michel George ,   Larkin Community Hospital, South Miami, FL, USA
Published: December 2024

Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), also known as drug induced hypersensitivity (DiHS) is a rare, however a severe hypersensitivity reaction with a mortality rate of up to 10%, accounting for 10 to 20% of all cutaneous drug reactions in hospitalized patients. The clinical features of DRESS/DiHS may be challenging to recognize and diagnose, since they are delayed, stepwise, and heterogeneous. The classic presentation of DRRSS/DiHS involves a combination of cutaneous, hematologic, and internal organ involvement with a 2 to 8 weeks latency between drug exposure and the onset of symptoms.
Finding the culprit drug in our case was difficult as the patient was taking multiple antibiotics. Drugs such as vancomycin and cefepime used before the rash outbreak for post-reconstructive surgery for left toal knee arthroplasty (TKA) approximately four weeks before the onset of the rash are likely offending agents. This patient also had multi-visceral involvement with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms. The current treatment guidelines for DRESS/DiHS are primarily based on expert opinion, as no randomized control trials exist. After the prompt withdrawal of the offending drug, systemic corticosteroids seem to have shown the best outcome for patients. Delaying discontinuing offending medications and initiating corticosteroid treatment may lead to poor results. The present case emphasizes that the close observation of patients with drug eruption induced by antibiotics is imperative. Primary care team should be able to promptly diagnose patients with DRESS syndrome, detect causative drug, and play a crucial role in the timely evaluation and treatment to reduce mortality rate. The later phase disease relapse or autoimmune complications may occur up to 5 years following the initial presentation. Therefore, we advised the patient to have an outpatient follow up for appropriate testing, including but not limited to genetic susceptibility due to the high risk of relapse and emerging risk of autoimmune diseases.
Empowering healthcare professionals with no-code artificial intelligence platforms for model development, a practical demonstration for pathology
Authors:   Department of Pathology, Westchester Medical Center, 100 Woods Rd, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA, Hoseini Sayed Shahabuddin , Dewar Rajan ,   Department of Pathology, Westchester Medical Center, 100 Woods Rd, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
Published: December 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning based applications are thought to impact the practice of healthcare by transforming diagnostic patient management approaches. However, domain knowledge, clinical and coding expertise are likely the biggest challenge and a substantial barrier in developing practical AI models. Most informatics and AI experts are not familiar with the nuances in medicine, and most doctors are not efficient coders. To address this barrier, a few “no-code” AI platforms are emerging. They enable medical professionals to create AI models without coding skills. This study examines Teachable Machine™, a no-code AI platform, to classify white blood cells into the five common WBC types. Training data from publicly available datasets were used, and model accuracy was improved by fine-tuning hyperparameters.
Sensitivity, precision, and F1 score calculations evaluated model performance, and independent datasets were employed for testing. Several factors that influence the performance of the model were tested. The model achieved 97% accuracy in classifying white blood cells, with high sensitivity and precision. Independent validation supported its potential for further development. This is the first study that demonstrates the value of a free no-code algorithm based AI platforms use in hematopathology using authentic datasets for training. It opens an opportunity for the healthcare professionals to get hands-on experience with AI and to create practical AI models without coding expertise.
A Case Study of Aberrant Aortic Origin of the Right Coronary Artery
Authors:   Department of Medicine, David Tvildiani Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia, Badodiyawala Jenab Hojefa , Meher Arpita ,   epartment of Medicine, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi Georgia, Shah Raju ,   P Koirala Institute of Health Science, Dharan, Nepal, Dasari Bipin Chandra Aditya ,   Interventional Cardiologist,Apollo Hospitals Chennai Greams Road, India
Published: December 2024

This case report examines a rare cardiovascular abnormality, the Aberrant Aortic Origin of the Right Coronary Artery (AAORCA), in a 75-year-old patient with a history of myocardial infarction, acute renal injury, and cardiogenic shock. Rapid medical intervention, including coronary angioplasty, demonstrated the significance of prompt care. Chronic issues, including tobacco use and left ventricular dysfunction, complicated matters, emphasizing the importance of comprehensive longterm therapy. This study underscores the critical clinical significance of AAORCA (Anomalous aortic origin of the right coronary artery) following the SCARE 2023 reporting criteria. This abstract emphasizes the delicate relationship between congenital defects, chronic hazards, and proactive healthcare in complex cardiovascular situations.
Depersonalization-Derealization Disorder: Etiological Mechanism, Diagnosis and Management
Authors:   Faculty of Medicine, Tbilisi State Medical University, Georgia, Wilkhoo Harsahaj Singh , Islam Afra Wasama ,   Faculty of Medicine, Tbilisi State Medical University, Georgia, Reji Felcia ,   Faculty of Medicine, Tbilisi State Medical University, Georgia, Sanghvi Labdhi ,   Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, India, Potdar Rhea ,   Tbilisi State Medical University, Georgia, Solanki Siddhant ,   Tbilisi State Medical University, Georgia
Published: December 2024

This comprehensive review delves into the complexities surrounding Depersonalization-Derealization disorder (DPDR), a dissociative disorder characterized by enduring feelings of detachment from one's self and surroundings. Tracing its historical roots back to 19th-century descriptions and its current classification as a singular disorder, the review meticulously explores the clinical presentation, epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, and management of DPDR. Despite many trials and studies conducted the exact cause of this condition is still unknown. The best way to understand its etiology is by taking into account its clinical presentations and linking it to different structural and functional alterations of the brain. Alteration in cortical activity and structure associated with white matter, gray matter, caudate nucleus, amygdala, and other areas like Broadman’s areas of cortex are analyzed to be potential mechanisms for etiology. With a concerning rise in its prevalence globally and notable impact on adolescents and young adults, DPDR manifests through a spectrum of symptoms including depersonalization, and derealization, and often accompanies comorbidities such as anxiety and depression. While the precise cause remains elusive, factors such as traumatic experiences, stress, and genetic predispositions have been implicated, with modern neuroimaging studies offering insight into potential structural and functional brain alterations.
Managing DPDR necessitates a multifaceted approach integrating psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy, and lifestyle interventions, with cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and
pharmacological agents like SSRIs and SNRIs emerging as primary interventions. The importance of early detection and intervention is crucial for improving its prognosis. Unfortunately, DPDR is highly understudied to date. Due to a scarcity of scientific literature about DPDR in recent years, it has become very challenging to get a proper in-depth understanding of this. Therefore, this review serves as an all-in-one source to get information about DPDR ranging from etiology to its management strategies.
Toxicity And Antioxidant Activities of Endophytic Bacteria from Butterfly Pea (Clitoria ternatea Linn.)
Authors: Zahrina Yuni , Fitri Lenni , Ismail Yulia Sari , Dita Sasmiati Farach
Published: December 2024

Endophytic bacteria are bacteria that live in healthy plant tissues without causing damage. Several studies have reported that endophytic bacteria can produce active compounds similar to those secreted by their host and which potentially have medicinal value. Butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea L.) was noted to be able to produce antioxidants and have toxicity potential from its compounds. Therefore, endophytic bacteria from butterfly pea have great potential to have antioxidant activity along with evaluating the toxicity level of the selected bacteria. This study aimed to determine the number of isolates, to characterize, and test the toxicity and antioxidant activities of endophytic bacteria from butterfly pea. Toxicity level was tested using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method while levels of antioxidants were tested using the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) method. A total of fifteen endophytic bacteria were obtained and successfully purified. Based on the morphological observations, Gram staining, and biochemical test results, isolate EBT13 was determined to belong to the genus Bacillus. Isolate EBT13 was categorized as highly toxic, with the highest toxicity value with other bacterial isolates with an LC50 of 84 ppm and antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 44.32 ppm. Based on the phylogenetic tree of 16S rRNA gene analysis, EBT13 belongs to the genus Bacillus, it forms a sister group with Bacillus pumilus with a bootstrap value of 100%. This study advances our knowledge of plant-microbe interactions by identifying a highly toxic, antioxidant-producing strain of bacteria of butterfly pea. The results have significance for the development of cytotoxic chemicals and natural antioxidants, which could advance biotechnological research and boost therapeutic purpose.
Evaluation of the Results of Toggle Pin or Caput and Collum Femoris Excision Arthroplasty in Cats with Coxofemoral Luxation: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Arican Mustafa , Satici İremsu , Caltiner Halil
Published: December 2024

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the advantages, disadvantages and postoperative outcomes associated with the use of toggle pin (TP) fixation or femoral head and neck excision arthroplasty (EA) in the treatment of coxofemoral luxation in cats. Materials and Methods: Twenty cats of different breeds, sexes and ages presenting with coxofemoral luxation to the small animal clinic between 2022-2023 were evaluated. EA was the procedure of choice in 11 cases and TP was the procedure of choice in 9 cases. Results: In the EA group, 5 patients (45.4%) had no lameness at the 2-month postoperative examination and walked well. The other 4 patients (36.3%) had mild and occasional performance difficulties. In 2 cases (18.1%) there was a mild but frequent difficulty in walking. When the 12-month results of the same patients were analysed, it was found that 9 patients (81.8%) had no problem walking and only 2 patients had mild and occasional difficulty walking. In the TP group, 5 cases (55.5%) showed lameness within 4 months of surgery. No lameness was observed in 4 (44.4%) cats in the same group. EA was performed in 5 cases of reluctance. Owners reported that their cats were not restricted in activity 12 months after surgery. Conclusion: EA appears to be a rescue technique that can provide good functional results in cats that have failed other techniques. Despite the reluxation rates, the TP used in this study is a good technique that can be used to preserve the joint. The use of different materials should increase the tracking time.
Assessment of Pesticide Selection and Application Behaviors of Sugar Beet Farmers in Konya Province
Authors: Duman Zülüye , Poyraz Nuh
Published: December 2024

This study is undertaken to determine the behaviors of sugar beet farmers regarding pesticide selection and applications in the Çumra, Altınekin, and Seydişehir districts of Konya province, where sugar beet production is concentrated in 2023. A total of 20 sugar beet farmers were randomly selected from each district through a random sampling method, and evaluations were made based on their responses to 16 face-to-face questions. The results were calculated as percentages and presented in tables. The behaviors of farmers regarding pesticide selection and application practices were assessed in two stages. It was found that sugar beet farmers often seek information from pesticide dealers when choosing and determining the dosage of agricultural chemicals, and they mostly obtain pesticides from agricultural chemical dealers. It was noted that they acquire the chemicals when they start growing the crop, do not spray regularly for pests and diseases as a preventive measure, and pay attention to the legality, cost-effectiveness, and effectiveness of the pesticides they purchase. Half of the sugar beet farmers reported conducting at least two pesticide applications during the season, and the majority stated that they perform pesticide applications in the morning and afternoon. Farmers acknowledged the importance of pesticide residues but emphasized that the effectiveness of the pesticide was more crucial. They also reported not adhering to the waiting periods between the last pesticide application and harvest. Regarding pesticide handling, application, and post-application practices, it was observed that farmers partially protected themselves. They tended to spray excess pesticide-contaminated water at the edge of the orchard or on vacant land and disposed of empty pesticide containers haphazardly on the edge of the field.
Assessment of Some Physical Properties and Germination Characteristics of Ereğli and Kırıkhan Local Population Black Carrot Seeds
Authors: Hacıseferoğulları Haydar , Temel Abdullah Furkan
Published: December 2024

Nowadays, food production and food security are an extremely important issue. Seed is of great importance for maintaining and securing crop production capacity. It is also necessary to protect gene resources and to apply new technologies. This study examined physical properties and germination parameters of calibrated black carrot seeds from the local populations S1 (Ereğli) and S2 (Kırıkhan). The length, width, thickness, geometric mean diameter, sphericity, projected area, volume, thousand grain weight, bulk density, bulk density, and terminal velocity values of the seeds of S1 population at 3.96% moisture level were determined as 3.95 mm, 1.65 mm, 0.98 mm, 1.84 mm, 0.47, 5.18 mm², 2.01 mm³, 2.51 g, 0.431 gcm-³, and 1.80 ms-1, respectively. Moreover, those values for S2 population seeds were found to be 3.61 mm, 1.46 mm, 0.82 mm, 1.62 mm, 0.45, 4.55 mm², 1.37 mm³, 2.21 g, 0.395 gcm-³, and 1.75 ms-1 at 4.45% moisture level, respectively. Germination percentages, MGT, GI, GRI and CVG values of S1 and S2 variety seeds were 85% and 81%, 4.52 and 3.50 days, 548.5 and 574, 20.85 and 28.52 % day-1, 22.20 and 28.79, respectively. The data obtained from this study will guide future studies on black carrot cultivation and seed processing technology.
Classification of Orange Features for Quality Assessment Using Machine Learning Methods
Authors: Cengel Talha Alperen , GENCTURK Bunyamin , Yasin Elham , YILDIZ Müslüme Beyza , CINAR Ilkay , Özbek Osman , KOKLU Murat
Published: December 2024

Oranges are a member of the citrus family and are eaten in large quantities due to their high vitamin C content, sweet and tart taste, and useful fiber and antioxidant qualities. Orange quality assurance is essential to market competitiveness and customer satisfaction. Conventional approaches to evaluating quality are costly and susceptible to mistakes made by people. This research aims to investigate how well different machine learning algorithms automate and improve the orange quality assessment procedure. A dataset containing 241 samples and 11 features (size, weight, sweetness (Brix), acidity (pH), and color) was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the Random Forest (RF), XGBoost, and k-Nearest Neighbors (k-NN) algorithms. According to the findings, k-NN acquired the maximum accuracy of 69.38%, with RF coming in second at 67.34% and XGBoost third at 63.26%. These results demonstrate how machine learning models may be used to improve quality control in the orange industry by offering a more dependable and effective approach. According to this study, machine learning can greatly improve the quality control procedures for oranges, resulting in higher-quality goods for customers and more productivity for providers. The orange sector can enhance product quality and expedite operations by utilizing these technologies, which will eventually benefit both producers and consumers.
Optimizing Sodium Azide (NaN₃) Mutagenesis for Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) Improvement
Authors: COBAN Furkan
Published: December 2024

Cumin (Cuminum cyminum), an anciently cultivated plant of the Apiaceae family, holds significance for its aromatic seeds widely used in culinary practices globally. Despite its culinary and medicinal value, cumin faces challenges in cultivation due to diseases, pests, and weed infestations, with Alternaria leaf blight and Fusarium wilt being notable threats. Mutation breeding, a favored technique among breeders, introduces genetic variation through chemical mutagens like sodium azide, enabling the development of cumin varieties resistant to herbicides and diseases while ensuring high yields. This study aims to optimize sodium azide application as a chemical mutagen to enhance cumin breeding programs, emphasizing the importance of dosage and treatment duration in achieving desired mutation efficiency. The experimental results demonstrate significant impacts of sodium azide on germination parameters, with an optimal treatment duration of 3 hours for 3 mM sodium azide. Further research is needed to determine the effects of other variables on mutagen action, as well as M1 plant survival and reproduction.
Silage Yield and Quality of Forage Peas and Hungarian Vetch and Triticale Binary Mixtures
Authors: MİRZA AHMET , doğrusöz medine çopur
Published: December 2024

This study was conducted in order to determine silage quality in binary mixtures of forage pea (Pisum sativum ssp. arvense L. "FP") and Hungarian vetch (Vicia pannonica C. "HV") and triticale (X triticosecale Wittmack. "T") in 2021-2022 vegetation period. Hungarian vetch and forage pea and triticale seeds were sown in 6 different mixture ratios (legume/triticale; 100%/0, 80/20%, 60/40%, 40/60%, 20/80%). The experiment was established according to randomized blocks experimental design with 3 replications. In the study, dry matter content, pH, flieg score, quality class, crude protein, ADF, NDF, Ca, K, Mg, P, lactic acid and acetic acid contents were analyzed for silage yield and quality. The dry matter of silages was between 23.83 and 36.49%, while the pH was between 4.57 and 5.18. The highest crude protein was determined in pure forage peas (22%) and it was determined that it increased in parallel with the increase in the legume ratio in the mixture. Mineral contents were found to be high in sole and intense legume silages, similar to crude protein. In terms of silage quality in the examined parameters, mixed sowing gave better results than sole sowing. As a result of the study, 80:20 T/HV mixture ratio sowing is recommended for Yozgat and regions with similar ecology in terms of silage yield and quality.
Detecting Wheat Leaf Diseases: A Deep Feature-Based Approach with Machine Learning Classification
Authors: UNAL Yavuz , Bolat Muzaffer
Published: December 2024

Wheat is a rich storehouse of nutrients with many different vitamins and minerals. Wheat is one of the main cereals that meet the nutritional needs of humans and other living things and is used in the production of other foods. It can be grown in almost all regions of the world. It requires less irrigation compared to other plants. One of the most important problems in wheat cultivation is the fight against diseases. Wheat diseases cause yield losses and quality decreases as in other agricultural products. Timely and accurate diagnosis of these diseases; It is clear that it will lead to an increase in yield and quality. Detection of these diseases with the naked eye can be difficult and laborious. In this study, diseases on wheat leaves were detected using image processing techniques. The features of septoria and stripe rust diseases on wheat leaves were extracted using pre-trained networks VGG-16, VGG-19 and then classified with machine learning algorithms support vector machines (SVM), multi-layer perceptron (MLP), k-nearest neighbor (KNN). The results obtained were evaluated with performance criteria such as accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, precision and F1-Score. In the analysis, the features extracted with VGG-19 were classified with SVM method and the highest classification accuracy of 98.63% was achieved.
Effects of Autochthonous Starter Cultures on The Behavior of Staphylococcus au-reus During The Production of a Semi-Dry Fermented Sausage
Authors: akyol yağmur , Yılmaz Oral Zeynep Feyza , Kaban Guzin , KAYA Mükerrem
Published: December 2024

Staphylococcus aureus can grow and produce enterotoxin during the production of fermented sausages, especially in the early stage of the fermentation. Furthermore, staphylococcal enterotoxins are heat-stable. Therefore, inhib-iting the growth of this pathogen during production is of great importance for food safety. The study was carried out to determine the effects of autochthonous lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains (Lactiplantibacillus plantarum S91, Latilactobacillus sakei S15 and Pediococcus acidilactici S147b) on the behavior of S.aureus in heat-treated sucuk (HTS) (raw fermented cooked and dried), a type of semi-dry fermented sausage. The HTS batters were inoc-ulated with S. aureus ATCC 51740 (SEB) at 105 CFU/g level. In groups containing L. sakei S15, pH decreased faster in the first 24 h of fermentation (22 °C) than in other groups. After 48 h, pH dropped below 5.0 in all groups with autochthonous strains, while it was still above 5.5 in groups without autochthonous strains. Therefore, while the number of S.aureus increased during fermentation in the sausage group without autochthonous strains, there was no significant change in the number in the presence of autochthonous strains. The heat treatment (core tempera-ture; 68 °C) caused significant reductions in S. aureus, LAB and Micrococcus/Staphylococcus (< 2 log CFU/g). At the end of drying (18 °C), the aw value varied between 0.927 and 0.935. Staphylococcal enterotoxin was not de-tected in all groups. In conclusion, the rapid decrease in pH during the early stage of fermentation is an important hurdle effect in the controlling the growth of S. aureus.
The Effects of High Pressure Processing on Total Mesophilic Aerobic Bacteria Number and Color Properties of Frozen and Unfrozen Beef Mince
Authors: Şayin Sert Tuğba , COŞKUN Fatma
Published: December 2024

High hydrostatic pressure processing (HPP) is a cold pasteurization technology that can be applied after packaging to products damaged by heat treatment. In this study, the effects of different levels (300, 350 and 450 MPa) of pressure applied at different temperatures (-5, 0 and 10 oC) and durations (5, 10 and 15 min) on the total mesophilic aerobic bacteria count (TMAB) and color values of frozen and unfrozen beef mince were investigated. The most effective factor on the number of TMAB was pressure. Freezing resulted in increased inactivation. In the application performed at constant temperature (10 oC), the difference in inactivation between frozen and unfrozen samples was seen maximum at 300MPa pressure application. Inactivation increased with increasing pressure level and time. At different application temperatures, the most effective inactivation of 300 MPa HPP in frozen and unfrozen samples occurred at -5 oC in 15 minutes. The increase in L* value of frozen samples was less than that of non-frozen samples. This contributes to the preservation of freshness properties in meat. An increase in the L* value was observed with the increase in pressurization time. Increasing the pressure level caused a decrease in the a* value, and freezing caused an increase in the a* value. It was determined that the 300-450 MPa HPP range was not large enough to observe changes in b* values. ΔE values in frozen samples were determined to be higher than in non-frozen samples. If freezing and pressure are applied in combination, a microbiologically safer product with a color closer to fresh properties can be obtained.
Profitability of Poultry Egg Farming in Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Aroyehun Adeyinka Richard
Published: December 2024

Profit maximization which is one of the major objectives of business ventures is obviously and largely dependent on how proficient productive resources specially finance is utilized. In the light of this, this study was carried out to determine the profitability of poultry egg farmers in Rivers State, Nigeria. Primary data were obtained with the aid of questionnaire and interview schedules from a cross section survey of 120 farmers drawn through multistage sampling procedure. Descriptive statistics, ordinary least squares (OLS) regression model and cost and returns analysis were employed to analyze data obtained. The results of the analysis showed that majority (60.8%) of the poultry egg farmers are males with 82.5% of them married. The average age was 44.69 years with about 38.3% of them took poultry egg farming as their primary occupation. The study showed that stock size, labour cost and feed cost were statistically significant at 1% in profitability of the enterprise. The study revealed that the poultry egg production enterprise is profitable in the study area as indicated by the gross margin of ₦33,390,950.00 and a net income of ₦28,290,950.00per month with all the respondents selected. The profitability ratios further reveal that for every ₦1 invested in the enterprise, a farmer earns ₦0.37 gross margin and ₦0.34 net income which are higher than the commercial interest rate of 21%. The study recommended among others; extension agents should aim at raising knowledge of poultry farmers in effective utilization of financial resource in order to improve profitability.
Magnetic Field Effect on Seed and Crude Oil Yields in Mustard (Brassica campestris)
Authors: SAYKAT MOHAMMAD ASHEQUR RAHMAN , Oğuz Muhammet Çağrı , OĞUZ Ezgi , YILDIZ Mustafa
Published: December 2024

Mustard (Brassica campestris) is an important spice and oil plant. Seed yield and oil quality of mustard vary depending on genetic, ecological, morphological, physiological, cultural, and environmental factors and their interactions. Increasing obtained seed or oil yield as the final product is of great economic importance. One of the innovative and environmentally friendly methods for increasing the efficiency and quality of plant production is magnetic field applications. Mustard varieties 'Tori' and 'Sarson' were used in the study to reveal their performances under the effect of magnetic field (MF) treatments. The seeds of 'Tori' and 'Sarson' varieties were exposed to 150 mT MF strength for different time periods (0-control, 24, 48 and 72 hours). In 'Tori' variety, the highest seed and crude oil yields were obtained in 24-hour-MF treatment as 165.18 kg da-1 and 58.97 kg da-1, respectively, by an increase of 43.39% and 38.72%, respectively, according to control treatment where no MF was used. In variety 'Sarson', seed and crude oil yields were recorded as 210.39 kg da-1 and 78.9 kg da-1, respectively, as the highest in 48-hour-MF treatment by an increase of 54.03% and 44.4%, respectively, according to control. This study reveals that MF treatment increased seed and crude oil yields in mustard, and the protocol could make significant contributions to the yields of other crop plants.
Bibliometric Analysis of Soil Classification Research in Soil Science from 1980 to 2023
Authors: Demir Sinan
Published: December 2024

Bibliometric analyses shed light on the patterns in research and the influence of science. Based on 4467 papers from the Web of Science database, this article provides a bibliometric overview of soil science research on soil classification from 1980 to 2023. The study determines four time periods: 1980–1995; 1996–2005; 2006–2015; and 2016–2023. Research between 1980–1995 concentrated on basic subjects such as "adsorption," "classification," and "organic matter." The emphasis switched to environmental issues between 1996 and 2005, with "carbon," "contamination," and "soils" taking center stage. From 2006 to 2015, there was a continued focus on the environment, accompanied by more in-depth research on related subjects. Technological developments became more visible between 2016 and 2023, with particular attention paid to "carbon," "vegetation," "classification," "spatial prediction," "models," and "spectroscopy." Throughout, concepts like "classification," "soils," and "organic matter" were crucial, and after 2005, research on "contamination" and "heavy metals" grew more intense. Technological subjects, particularly "spectroscopy" and "spatial prediction," as well as regional studies, gained importance. In conclusion, the analysis shows how basic research in soil classification has given way to increasingly intricate, technologically advanced studies that reflect a greater emphasis on the environment and the application of innovative techniques for accurate and thorough soil examinations.
Investigation of the Structural Characteristics of Seed Surfaces of Some Soybean Genotypes by Using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
Authors: SEZER Ahmet Yasin , UYSAL Tuna
Published: December 2024

Soybean (Glycine max) is a partly climbing, branched, annual plant in the Fabaceae family, native to East Asia. The plant is grown for its edible beans. Soybeans have many uses in agronomic practice. It plays a crucial role in East Asian cuisine and the animal feed industry as it is one of the plants with the highest protein yield per cultivated area and is rich in nutritional value. Therefore, the characterization of soya genotypes and seed surface structural properties is critical. SEM technique, one of the techniques that can be used for this purpose, provides high-resolution images of the surfaces and allows detailed examination of the microstructure of the materials. This study used SEM microscopy to determine seed surface characteristics such as surface roughness, reticulation, tubercles, and raised and grooved surface decorations in 12 soya genotypes. As a result of the study, soybean genotypes were divided into 3 groups according to their micro-morphological characteristics and their similarities and differences were revealed. In conclusion, it was once again demonstrated that this classification based on surface characteristics can be useful for various agricultural, botanical and research purposes by helping to identify and compare seeds.
Farmers Participation in Agricultural Fairs and Determination of Their Satisfaction Level; Konya Agricultural Fair Example
Authors: YENER ÖGÜR Aysun , Özaydın Gürhan
Published: December 2024

The study was conducted to determine the satisfaction of farmers participating in the Konya agricultural fair with agricultural fairs. The sample size was calculated according to simple random probability sampling based on finite population ratios. A survey was conducted with 96 farmers participating in the Konya agricultural fair. The age, education level, and social security status of the farmers were given with simple percentage calculations. The reasons for farmers' participation in agricultural fairs and their satisfaction levels with agricultural fairs were measured with a 5-point Likert scale. The research results showed that the farmers participating in the agricultural fair were between 30 and 49 and were high school and secondary school graduates. The vast majority of them had social security statuses such as Bağkur. It was determined that the participants participating in agricultural fairs generally had an intermediate level of education and that the farmers were satisfied with the agricultural fair. Rapid developments have also emerged in industry and technology with the globalization of the world. Fairs have a very important share in the introduction of these technologies. In addition, fairs have become the biggest dynamics of the need for socialization limited by development. Therefore, efforts should be made to increase the number of participants in agricultural fairs, and the participation of farmers in the fairs should be increased. In particular, farmers participating in agricultural fairs should be provided with access to financial resources to purchase the technologies they see at the fair.
İş Sözleşmesinin Devrinin Toplu İş Hukuku Bakımından Sonuçları
Authors: Akman Yusuf
Published: December 2024

İş sözleşmesinin devri, sözleşmenin işveren tarafının değişmesine yol açar. Devir işlemi iradi veya kanuni şekilde gerçekleşebilir. Devir işleminin usulüne uygun olarak gerçekleşmesi işçinin rızasına bağlıdır. İşçinin rızası, devir anında alınmalı ve rızaya ilişkin beyan yazılı şekilde olmalıdır. İş sözleşmesi-nin devri işlemi, Toplu İş Hukuku açısından çeşitli sonuçlar ortaya çıkarabilir. Örneğin, iradi devir ile birlikte toplu iş sözleşmesinin kapsamından çıkan işçinin toplu iş sözleşmesinden yararlanma hakkı da sona erer. Bu doğrultuda çalışmamızda; birden çok iş sözleşmesine taraf olan işçinin, sendika yöneticisinin ve işyeri sendika temsilcisinin iş sözleşmelerinin devrinin sonuçları ile iş sözleşmesinin devrinin sendika üyeliği, ard etki, teşmil, grev oylaması ve işyeri devri açısından doğurduğu sonuçlar ele alınacaktır.
Pastarojo dešimtmečio Knygotyra: tradicijos ir modernumas
Authors: Bliūdžiuvienė Nijolė , Navickienė Aušra
Published: December 2024

The scholarly journal Knygotyra is now entering into its seventieth year of establishment. The periods of 1970 –1998 and 1999–2012 have already been analysed in the articles by Vanda Stonienė and Alma Braziūnienė in terms of organisation, structure, content and other aspects. The aim of this article is to compare the continuity of the tradition of Knygotyra between the periods already studied and the years 2013–2023, and to identify the changes that have taken place in the last decade, which may determine the journal’s future. This article examines the organisational aspects of Knygotyra which reflect the journal’s periodicity, volume, circulation, access, funding, and editorial board membership, as well as the journal’s structure, topics, publication types, language, and authorship. During the analysed period, the scientific journal Knygotyra not only maintained its identity, but also accepted the changes and adapted to them. Over the last decade, it has become a Diamond (Platinum) Open Access international journal, listed in the Elsevier Scopus and Clarivate Analytics international databases. The editorial board has been formed and renewed, whereas the geographical coverage of authors and the thematic structure of publications have been extended.