bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling of Process for Level Changes in Cascade of Two Channel Water Reservoirs in Case of Flooding
Authors: Veremenyuk V. V. , Ivashechkin V. V. , Nemerovets O. V.
Published: April 2019

For the last decades in the Republic of Belarus, there is a tendency of decreasing river flow, but at the same time the probability of flood is increasing. Majority of all hydraulic engineering structures on the territory of the Republic of Belarus is projected for a pressure up to 15 m. Risk of an accident at the hydraulic unit appears due to insufficiently substantiated methodology for calculation of hydraulic engineering structures at the stage of design, unsatisfactory level of their maintenance, absence or understaffing of operational personnel. A danger increases significantly when reservoirs are located in cascades. A hydraulic system in Merkulovichi, Chechersk district, Gomel region can serve as an example of such water reservoir and uncoordinated activity of the operating personnel. While operating the hydraulic unit an overflow occurred through a crest of an earth dam during a rain flood and due to this there was a partial destruction of the dam body. The paper considers problems concerning prediction of such situations. The paper proposes a simplified methodology for calculating changes in water level for two reservoirs during flood discharge and this methodology is based on a joint solution of differential equations of water balances in reservoirs without taking into account unsteady movement along their length. It has been assumed that at the entrance to an upper reservoir discharge change in time corresponds to flood hydrograph, and the change in time at the entrance of a lower reservoir and at its exit corresponds to discharge hydrographs in accordance with such schedules for control of spillway water gates for the first and second reservoirs in order to prevent overflow through dams (dam) of the reservoirs. While using this methodology an example for prediction calculation of levels in Merkulovichi channel reservoir and a lower pond has been considered with their cascading location and in the case of flood discharge.
Controlling Parameters During Continuum Flow in Shale-Gas Production: A Fracture/Matrix-Modeling Approach
Authors: Berawala Dhruvit S. , Andersen Pål Ø. , Ursin (ret.) Jann R.
Published: April 2019

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the main controlling factors during a continuum-flow regime in shale-gas production in the context where well-induced fractures, extending from the well perforations, improve reservoir conductivity and performance. A mathematical 1D+1D model is presented that involves a high-permeability fracture extending from a well perforation through symmetrically surrounding shale matrix with low permeability. Gas in the matrix occurs in the form of adsorbed material attached to kerogen (modeled by a Langmuir isotherm) and as free gas in the nanopores. The pressure gradient toward the fracture and well perforation causes the free gas to flow. With pressure depletion, gas desorbs out of the kerogen into the pore space and then flows to the fracture. When the pressure has stabilized, desorption and production stop.

The production of shale gas and mass distributions indicate the efficiency of species transfer between fracture and matrix. We show that the behavior can be scaled and described according to the magnitude of two characteristic dimensionless numbers: the ratio of diffusion time scales in shale and fracture, α, and the pore-volume (PV) ratio between the shale and fracture domains, β. Fracture/matrix properties are varied systematically to understand the role of fracture/matrix interaction during production. Further, the role of fracture geometry (varying width) is investigated. Input parameters from experimental and field data in the literature are applied.

The product αβ expresses how much time it takes to diffuse the gas in place through the fracture to the well compared with the time it takes to diffuse that gas from the matrix to the fracture. For αβ≪1, the residence time in the fracture is of negligible importance, and fracture properties such as shape, width, and permeability can be ignored. However, if αβ≈1, the residence time in the fracture becomes important, and variations in all those properties have significant effects on the solution.

The model allows for intuitive interpretation of the complex shale-gas-production system. Furthermore, the current model creates a base that can easily incorporate nonlinear-flow mechanisms and geomechanical effects that are not readily found in standard commercial software, and further be extended to field-scale application.
Combined Ultrasound and Nerve Stimulator-Guided deep nerve block may decrease the rate of local anesthetics systemic toxicity: A Randomized clinical trial
Authors: Zhang Xu-hao , Li Yu-jie , He Wenquan , Yang Chunyong , Gu Jianteng , Lu Kaizhi , Yi Bin
Published: April 2019

Background: Ultrasound guidance might decrease the incidence of local anesthetics systemic toxicity (LAST) for many peripheral nerve blocks compared with nerve stimulator guidance. However, it remains uncertain whether ultrasound guidance is superior to nerve stimulator guidance for deep nerve block of the lower extremity. This study was designed to investigate whether deep nerve block with ultrasound guidance would decrease the incidence of LAST compared with that with nerve stimulator guidance and to identify associated risk factors of LAST. Methods: Three hundred patients undergoing elective lower limb surgery and desiring lumbar plexus blocks (LPBs) and sciatic nerve blocks (SNBs) were enrolled in this study. The patients were randomly assigned to receive LPBs and SNBs with ultrasound guidance (group U), nerve stimulator guidance (group N) or dual guidance (group M). The primary outcome was the incidence of LAST. The secondary outcomes were the number of needle redirections, motor and sensory block onset and nerve distribution restoration time, as well as associated risk factors. Results: There were 18 patients with LAST, including 12 in group U, 4 in group N and 2 in group M. By multiple comparisons among the three groups, we found that the incidence of LAST in group U (12%) was significantly higher than that in group N (4%) (P=0.037) and group M (2%) (P=0.006). The OR of LAST with hepatitis B (HBV) infection and the female sex was 3.352 (95% CI, 1.233-9.108, P=0.013) and 9.488 (95% CI, 2.142-42.093, P=0.0004), respectively. Conclusions: Ultrasound guidance, HBV infection and the female sex were risk factors of LAST with LPBs and SNBs. For patients infected with HBV or female patients receiving LPBs and SNBs, we recommended that combined ultrasound and nerve stimulator guidance should be used to improve the safety. Trial registration: This study was approved by the Ethical Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University. The protocol was registered prospectively with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR-IOR-16008099) on March 15, 2016.
New-onset postoperative atrial fibrillation is associated with worse long-term outcome in critically ill patients after non-cardiac surgery: 3-year follow-up of a case-control study
Authors: Xie Min , Li Shuang-Ling , Pan Jia-Xin , Zhu Sai-Nan , Wang Dong-Xin
Published: April 2019

Background

The impact of new-onset postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) on long-term outcomes of patients after non-cardiac surgery remains controversial. Here we report the 3-year follow-up of a previous case-control study to determine the relationship between new-onset POAF and long-term outcomes in patients after non-cardiac surgery.

Methods

In a previous case-control study, 213 patients who were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) after non-cardiac surgery were included; of them 71 were in the POAF group and 142 the control group. A telephone interview was performed with patients or their family members at 3 years after surgery. The primary endpoint was the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) within 3 years, including cardiovascular death, non-fatal cardiac arrest, acute myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, and ischemic stroke. A logistic regression model was established to assess the association between the occurrence of new-onset POAF and the development of 3-year MACEs.

Results

202 patients completed the 3-year follow-up and were included in the analysis; of them 68 were in the POAF group and 134 were in the control group. The incidence of 3-year MACEs was higher in the POAF group than in the control group (64.7% [44/68] vs. 23.1% [31/134], p<0.001). After correction for confounding factors, new-onset POAF was independently associated with an increased risk of 3-year MACEs (odds ratio 5.448, 95% confidence interval 2.202-13.481, p<0.001).

Conclusions

For adult patients admitted to the ICU after non-cardiac surgery, new-onset POAF was an independent risk factor for the development of MACEs within 3 years.
Detection of Streptococcus Pneumoniae and elimination of carryover contamination by multiple cross displacement amplification coupled with antarctic thermal sensitive uracil-DNA-glycosylase
Authors: Yan Linlin , Zhao Fan , Niu Lina , Cai Yu , Wu Lei , Zhu Xiaoxue , Wu Yuanyuan , Nong Jinqing , Hu Shoukui
Published: April 2019

Background

Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae), as an important human pathogenic bacterium, causes high mortality and morbidity, especially among children younger than 5 years. Accurate and rapid detection of S. pneumoniae is critical important.

Methods

A ply gene-based multiple cross displacement amplification (MCDA), which amplifies DNA under isothermal conditions (65 °C) for 40 min, was established for accurate and rapid detection of S. pneumoniae. The amplicons were indicated using lateral flow biosensor (LFB).

Results

The MCDA assay could detect as little as 10 fg purified S. pneumoniae genomic DNA, and 447 CFU/mL spiked sputum samples with a sensitivity 100 times that of PCR. The specificity of MCDA primer targeting ply gene was validated using 15 S. pneumoniae strains and 25 non-S. pneumoniae strains, indicating that ply gene-based MCDA assay was highly selective for S. pneumoniae. Moreover, the MCDA assay coupled with antarctic thermal sensitive uracil-DNA-glycosylase (AUDG) can effectively eliminate the carryover contamination, and then preventing false-positive results.

Conclusion

MCDA assay in combination with AUDG was a simple, rapid, sensitive, specific and reliable method for the diagnosis of S. pneumoniae infection, which appears to be a valuable tool for clinical screening.
Preoperative hypoalbuminemia was associated with acute kidney injury in high risk patients following non-cardiac surgery: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Li Nan , Qiao Hong , Guo Jing-Fei , Yang Hong-Yun , Li Xue-Ying , Li Shuangling , Wang Dong-Xin , Yang Li
Published: April 2019

Background
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication following non-cardiac surgery with adverse short and long term prognosis. Current evidence have shown hypoalbuminemia was associated with an increased risk of AKI in patients with infectious diseases, cancer, following cardiac surgery and transplant surgery. However, there were few evidence focusing on non-cardiac surgery population. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between preoperative hypoalbuminemia and AKI following non-cardiac surgery.
Methods
We retrospectively assessed perioperative risk factors and preoperative serum albumin in 729 consecutive adult patients who underwent non-cardiac surgery from July 1, 2017 to June 30, 2018. Each patient was categorized by maximal Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes criteria based on creatinine changes and urine output within first week after surgery. Multivariate Logistic regression models were used to analyze the association between preoperative hypoalbuminemia and postoperative AKI.
Results
Of the 729 patients, 188 (25.8%) developed AKI, the AKI incidence was higher in patients with a preoperative serum albumin level < 37.5g/L than those ≥37.5g/L [35.9% (98/273) vs. 19.7% (90/456), P <0.001]. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed preoperative serum albumin level < 37.5g/L (OR 1.892; 95% CI 1.238-2.891; P = 0.003) was independently associated with postoperative AKI. Furthermore, AKI in patients with preoperative hypoalbuminemia was more severe with 28.6% vs 18.0% for stage 1 (P=0.001), 2.6% vs 1.1% for stage 2 (P=0.144) and 4.8% vs 0.7% for stage 3 (P<0.001), respectively. Patients with AKI had a higher in-hospital mortality rate [6.9% (13/188) vs. 0.2% (1/541), P <0.001]. By Kaplan-Meier analysis, patients with AKI had lower cumulative survival rate with more severe stage of AKI relating to poorer outcomes (P<0.001). Postoperative AKI was also associated with other worse outcomes, such as prolonged mechanical ventilation [53.4 (33.0, 73.8) vs 14.7 (11.1, 18.3) hours, P<0.001], ICU stay [4.0 (3.1, 4.9) vs 2.0 (1.8, 2.3) days, P<0.001] and postoperative hospital stay [17.8 (14.8, 20.9) vs 12.3 (11.3, 13.3) days, P<0.001], and higher total cost [89,000 (56,000, 132,000) vs 75,000 (42,000, 109,000) yuan, P<0.001].
Conclusions
Preoperative hypoalbuminemia was independently associated with AKI after non-cardiac surgery, and postoperative AKI was associated with poor outcomes.
Intracranial mechanical thrombectomy of large vessel occlusions in the posterior circulation using SAVE
Authors: Maus Volker , Styczen Hanna , Liman Jan , Maier Ilko , Brehm Alex , Tsogkas Ioannis , Psychogios Marios Nikos
Published: April 2019

Background

Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) using stent retriever assisted vacuum-locked extraction (SAVE) is a promising method for anterior circulation strokes. We present our experience with SAVE for large vessel occlusions (LVO) of the posterior circulation.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 66 consecutive MT patients suffering from LVO of the posterior circulation. Primary endpoints were first-pass and overall complete/near complete reperfusion, defined as a modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (mTICI) score of 2c and 3. Secondary endpoints contained number of passes, time interval from groin puncture to reperfusion and rate of postinterventional symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH).

Results

Median age was 75 years (interquartile range (IQR) 54 – 81 years). Baseline median National Institutes of Health stroke scale (NIHSS) was 13 (IQR 8 – 21). Fifty-five (83%) patients had LVO of the basilar artery and 11 (17%) of the posterior cerebral artery. Eighteen (27%) patients were treated with SAVE and 21 (32%) with aspiration only. First pass mTICI2c or 3 and overall mTICI2c or 3 were documented in 11/18 (61%) and 14/18 (78%) with SAVE and in 4/21 (19%) and 13/21 (33%) with aspiration only. Median attempt was 1 (IQR 1 – 2) with SAVE and 2 (IQR 1 – 4) with aspiration (p=0.0249). Median groin to reperfusion time did not differ significantly between groups. The rate of sICH was 5% without any complications in the SAVE cohort.

Conclusion

Mechanical thrombectomy of posterior large vessel occlusions with SAVE is feasible, safe, and effective with high rates of near-complete and complete reperfusion.
Recent transition of medical cost and relapse rate of multiple sclerosis in Japan based on analysis of a health insurance claims database
Authors: Kawachi Izumi , Okamoto Shuichi , Sakamoto Mariko , Ohta Hiroyuki , Nakamura Yusuke , Iwasaki Kosuke , Yoshida Manami , Hiroi Shinzo , Ogino Mieko
Published: April 2019

Background

In this study, we aimed to understand the trends in total and itemized medical expenses, especially of disease-modifying therapy (DMT), for multiple sclerosis (MS) in Japan through an analysis of health insurance claims data.

Methods

We analyzed a database containing health insurance claims data from hospitals that have adopted the Diagnosis Procedure Combination/Per-Diem Payment System in Japan. According to an algorithm based on diagnosis codes, data for all patients diagnosed with MS from April 2008 to July 2016 were extracted. Medical costs, rate of each medical treatment, and rate of relapses were analyzed by calendar-year. Medical costs in the month of relapse were compared with average medical costs per month of all MS patients by a cross-sectional analysis.

Results

4,374 MS patients were identified in the database. Total medical cost per patient per month (PPPM) increased from \87,640 (US$787.7 or €723.0 as of May 2017) to \102,846 (US$924.4 or €848.4) during the study period. This increment was mainly attributed to the growth in cost of outpatient DMT prescriptions, which increased from \23,039 (US$207.1 or €190.1) to \51,351 (US$461.5 or €423.6). In contrast, the rate of hospitalizations and relapses PPPM decreased during the study period (from 0.053 to 0.030, and 0.032 to 0.019, respectively). Medical costs in the month of relapse (\424,661, US$3816.8 or €3503.1) were 3.57 times higher than the average monthly costs for all MS patients (\119,021, US$1069.8 or €981.8), with the majority comprising hospitalization cost.

Conclusion

Concomitant with the increased usage of DMT, the total medical cost for treating MS is increasing in Japan. However, rates of relapse and hospitalization have shown a decreasing trend. There is currently a lack of evidence for direct causality between DMT and reduction of relapse rates. However, even if DMT cannot be directly shown to be the cause of lower relapse rates and fewer hospitalizations among MS patients, a better quality of life for MS patients and a reduction in hospital costs have been achieved concomitantly with the increasing prevalence of DMT.
Antiviral and immunomodulatory effects of Engystol
Authors: Hanferian R. A. , Daihes N. A. , Karneeva O. V. , Garashchenko T. I. , Kim I. A.
Published: April 2019

Respiratory tract infections are among the most common diseases. Most upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) are viral in nature. More than 200 types of viruses, including influenza, parainfluenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), rhinovirus (HRV) and adenovirus (AV), may be the cause of URTI; in some cases, other infectious agents are the cause. The most common pathogens are rhinoviruses, which account for more than 50 per cent of the URTI. The article presents data on the efficacy of Engystol®, a complex drug containing low doses of active ingredients and used for prevention and symptomatic treatment of a number of viral diseases.
Multidirectional inhalation therapy of acute rhinosinusitis
Authors: Morozova S. V. , Svistushkin V. M. , Karapetyan L. S.
Published: April 2019

In the article is discussed the problem of antibiotic resistance, widespread and not always justified use of systemic antibiotics in the treatment of acute rhinosinusitis. The main spectrum of bacterial pathogens of acute rhinosinusitis, their sensitivity and resistance are showed, including in the Russian Federation. Presents topical inhalational drug Fluimucil IT contains mucolitic and antibiotic as a possible replacement of systemic antibiotics, in conjunction with its better tolerability, including in children, and less pronounced side effects.
The use of nasal decongestants to correction the respiratory and olfactory function of the nose
Authors: Morozova S. V. , Toporkova L. A.
Published: April 2019

One of the main functions of the nose is respiratory and olfactory. Difficulty in nasal breathing, nasal congestion, nasal discharge can complicate the respiratory and olfactory functions of the nose or make them impossible. Most often the cause is swelling of the mucous. Nasal obstruction and rhinorrhea are the most common symptoms in diseases of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Of great importance is the use of local vasoconstrictors to eliminate swelling in the nasal cavity and prevent complications associated with auditory tube dysfunction. It is proved that the use of nasal decongestants helps to reduce swelling in the nasal cavity and in the osteomeatal complex. Otrivin Moisturizing formula, Otrivin Menthol, Otrivin Complex and Otrivin Sea are effective and well tolerated means to eliminate swelling in the nasal cavity and reduce nasal discharge and rehabilitation of olfactory function.
Variation of wastewater contaminants in China and source identification using hierarchical clustering based on weighted factor scores
Authors: Liao Haoxiang , Huang Xiqian , Feng Jingjing , Han Deming , Zhou Yong , Chen Xiaojia , Cheng Jinping
Published: April 2019

Human activities have huge impact on the aquatic environment. Knowledge on sources of the contaminants provides guidelines to determine the ideal location and maintenance of monitoring stations, thus advancing environmental monitoring and pollution control. Factor analysis (FA) may be the most popular method for source identification, but the results should be affirmed. Following this logic, in this research, firstly the potential sources were determined, and secondly the contaminant concentrations in the source regions and the non-source regions were compared. To identify the potential sources, 75 meteorological, economic and social indicators were used to group the study regions. FA was used to reduce dimensionality and factor scores were calculated. The grouping was based on the weighted factor scores while the weight was variance explained by each factor respectively. Each group was supposed to correspond to a factor; that is, a potential source. The results indicated that the concentrations of chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen, phosphorus and arsenic in wastewater were significantly different between groups. Animal husbandry, mining and/or energy industry were the main sources of COD, ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus; animal husbandry, mining, energy industry, and/or heavy and chemical industry were the main sources of phosphorus; humid climate and/or secondary industry were the main sources of arsenic.
Benzoxazine Based High Performance Materials with Low Dielectric Constant: A Review
Authors: Zhang Lei , Mao Jiale , Wang Shuang , Zheng Yiting , Liu Xiangdong , Cheng Yonghong
Published: April 2019

Interlayer dielectrics with low dielectric constant are the key to unlock the high arithmetic speed of integrated circuit, one of the kernels of modern industry. Polybenzoxazine, derived from benzoxazine precursor, is a new generation of phenolic resin that is considered as an ideal potential candidate for electronic materials due to its unique properties. However, for developing higher speed supercomputers, the dielectric property of conventional polybenzoxazine becomes the Achilles’ heel. Fortunately, the versatile design flexibility of benzoxazine chemistry provides the possibility to reduce the dielectric constant of the material. This review focuses on the recent attempts to synthesize low dielectric benzoxazine and the properties of the corresponding polybenzoxazine materials. Methods including fluorination, hydrocarbon introduction, heterocycle generation, molecular weight tailoring, copolymerization and organic-inorganic hybridization are introduced.
Comparative Glycaemic Indices of a Four Herbal Combinatorial Formulation Administered On Wistar Rats
Authors: Joseph Inya , Okey Ojiako , Angela Emejulu
Published: April 2019

Objective:

The effect of dietary incorporation of ethanolic extracts of single and combinatorial
formulations of Acanthus montanus (ACMO), Asystaciagangetica (ASGA), Gongronemalatifolium
(GOLA) and Solanummelongena (SOME) on glucose tolerance was studied in normoglycaemicWistar
rats.

Methods:

A total of 128 Wistar rats were used for the research work. The rats were divided into 32
groups of 4 rats each. One group was the normal control group and 15 groups were orally administered
200mg/kg body weight extract(s) for the single and combinatorial formulations. Another group (negative
control) was given oral glucose load (4g/100ml) of 200mg/kg body weight alone and the remaining
15 groups were given oral glucose load (4g/100ml) of 200mg/kg body weight before giving the test
extract(s) of 200mg/kg body weight.

Results:

Post-prandial serum glucose response at 30 minutes interval was plotted and the area under
the curve (AUC) used to determine glycaemic index (GI) of each herbs. The herbs (ACMO, ASGA,
GOLA and SOME) resulted in a marked improvement in oral glucose tolerance in rats after 10 days of
treatment at an interval of 2 days. Blood glucose concentration (mmol/l) of rats administered with the
combinations; ACMO+GOLA, ACMO+SOME, SOME+GOLA, ACMO+SOME+GOLA+GLU,
ACMO+ASGA+GOLA, ACMO+SOME+GOLA and ACMO+ASGA+GOLA+SOME was found to
belowered, with ACMO+ASGA+GOLA combination having the best result. This might be a result of
hypoglycaemic synergy promoted by the various bioactive principles present in the combined extracts
thereby lowering the GI. These findings revealed that the listed combinations have hypoglycaemic
potentials and habitual consumption could positively modulate oral glucose tolerance.

Conclusion:

The herbs could be useful in the dietary management of diabetes as they could help regulate
blood glucose level when consumed with normal meals and could also be incorporated into meals
to prevent or delay the onset of diabetes or reverse the same in its early stages.
Механизмы токопрохождения в полупроводниковой структуре фотоэлектрического преобразователя с n-=SUP=-+-=/SUP=--p-переходом и антиотражающей пленкой пористого кремния, сформированной методом окрашивающего травления
Authors: Трегулов В.В. , Литвинов В.Г. , Ермачихин А.В.
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe have studied experimental samples of photoelectric transducers with an n ^+– p junction based on a silicon single crystal and an antireflection porous silicon (por-Si) film formed by color chemical etching in a HF : KMnO_4 : C_2H_5OH etcher. It is shown that for KMnO_4 oxidant concentrations of 0.025 and 0.040 M, the por-Si film growth time at which the maximal efficiency of the photoelectric transducer is reached can be substantially increased as compared to that attained using anode electrochemical etching. For investigating the current transmission mechanisms, we have measured the temperature dependence of forward- and backward-bias current–voltage branches. The existence of several current transmission mechanisms has been established. It is found that traps with activation energy distributed in a continuous range of values considerably affect the current transmission.
Прогнозирование радиационно-наведенного поглощения света в волоконных световодах с сердцевиной из нелегированного кварцевого стекла в космических применениях
Authors: Кашайкин П.Ф. , Томашук А.Л. , Салганский М.Ю. , Азанова И.С. , Цибиногина М.К. , Димакова Т.В. , Гурьянов А.Н. , Дианов Е.М.
Published: April 2019

AbstractRadiation-induced absorption (RIA) of light in five isotropic optic fibers (OFs) with a core of undoped silica glass (SiO_2) and a fluorosilicate cladding and one birefringent OF of the “PANDA” type of the same chemical composition was measured at a wavelength λ = 1.55 μm under γ-irradiation to a dose of 1 kGy (∼ 1 Gy/s), 15–45 min after completion of irradiation, and in a few months at temperatures +25 and –60°C. An extrapolation of the RIA after irradiation in the framework of the kinetic model of the n th order, which gave a forecast of the RIA for isotropic OFs of ∼1.1 and ∼ 0.3 ± 0.1 dB/km at –60 and +25°C, respectively, was made to assess the RIA at the end of a 15-year mission in space. It has been concluded that it is possible to use at least 4–5 km of OF in space under conditions of temperature variation within ±60°C at a maximum dose of 1 kGy and a mission duration of 15 years. It has also been established that the RIA will not have been higher in the birefringent OF than in the isotropic ones by the end of such a mission.
Электронные и оптические свойства нанопленок NiSi-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-/Si
Authors: Умирзаков Б.Е. , Ташмухамедова Д.А. , Ташатов А.К. , Мустафоева Н.М.
Published: April 2019

AbstractOptimum conditions for ion implantation and subsequent annealing for the fabrication of NiSi_2/Si (111) nanofilms with a thickness of 3.0–6.0 nm are determined. It is demonstrated that the energy-band parameters and optical properties typical of thick NiSi_2 films start to set in at d = 5.0–6.0 nm.
Малогабаритный многоканальный анализатор энергии заряженных частиц на основе конусного разрезанного электрода
Authors: Фишкова Т.Я.
Published: April 2019

AbstractAn electrostatic compact analyzer for obtaining the energy spectrum and for detecting simultaneously charged particles in a wide energy range, which is especially important for fast processes in various materials, has been proposed and designed. The energy analyzer consists of an outer conical electrode with closed end faces, which is cut into parts and fed in accordance with the law of odd numbers, and an grounded inner electrode on the surface of which charged particle beams with a wide energy range are focused. To increase the sharpness of low-energy beam focusing, an auxiliary, very small conical electrode is introduced. In spite of the small energy dispersion factor, the optimal regime of operation of the proposed analyzer with energy resolution not worse than 1% has been found.
Применение терагерцовой спектроскопии для in vivo исследования динамики развития лимфедемы -=SUP=-*-=/SUP=-
Authors: Кистенев Ю.В. , Николаев В.В. , Курочкина О.С. , Борисов А.В. , Сандыкова Е.А. , Кривова Н.А. , Тучина Д.К. , Тимошина П.А.
Published: April 2019

AbstractA laboratory model of lymphedema development induced by lymphatic vessel resection in rat extremities is presented. In vivo analysis of lymphedema development (monitoring for 4 weeks) employed reflective terahertz spectroscopy with a Dove prism. The incidence angle for an s -polarized electromagnetic wave directed to the boundary of the prism and the biological tissue was close to the Brewster’s angle. Significant changes in the spectral characteristics of the tissue in the animals’ extremities were detected on days 21–28 of lymphedema development. A predictive model for disease diagnostics based on monitoring the changes of the tissue absorbance curve in the 0.4–1.1 THz range was constructed. Principal component analysis and support vector machines were used in the model.
Histomorphological and Histochemical Studies on Caecal Tonsils of Kadaknath Fowl
Authors: Verma Rakhi , Gupta S. K. , Karmore S. K. , Shukla Supriya , Barhaiya R. K.
Published: April 2019

Histomorphological and histochemical studies were conducted on the caecal tonsils of Kadaknath fowl at different age groups from day old to more than 32 weeks of age. The proximal dilated part of the caecum considered for caecal tonsil was
composed of all four histological layers. The epithelium of mucosal villi was composed of simple columnar with goblet cells. The lymphatic tissue was present in the mucosa and submucosa of the caeca in the form of diffused and encapsulated lymphatic
nodules. The number and size of encapsulated lymphatic nodule was increasing with the advancement of the age. The height of the mucosal villi was decreasing with the advancement of age whereas the lumen of the caeca was increasing with the
advancement of age. PAS and AMPS activity was more in younger age groups than the older groups.
Isolation, Molecular Detection and Phylogenetic analysis of Avipox Virus obtained from Pigeon
Authors: Kirubaharan J. John , Rajasekaran Ranjani , Shilpa P. , Vidhya M. , Rajalakshmi S.
Published: April 2019

Dried scab material obtained from pigeon showing cutaneous form of avipox infection was inoculated in chorio-allantoic membrane (CAM) of 11-day old embryonated chicken egg. After an incubation of five days, CAM showed mild pock lesions. This
CAM tissue was subjected to DNA isolation. Molecular confirmation of avipox virus was done by PCR amplification of P4b gene, which amplified at an expected product size of 578 bp. The amplified P4b gene was sequenced and phylogenetic analysis was
done along with P4b gene sequences of other avipox viruses. Phylogenetic analysis showed that this avipox virus obtained from pigeon was grouped under sub-clade A2 along with other pigeonpox viruses. This confirmed that the causative agent of the
avipox infection observed in pigeon was pigeonpox virus.
Serum and Urine Albumin and Response to Loop Diuretics in Heart Failure
Authors: Charokopos Antonios , Griffin Matthew , Rao Veena S. , Inker Lesley , Sury Krishna , Asher Jennifer , Turner Jeffrey , Mahoney Devin , Cox Zachary L. , Wilson F. Perry , Testani Jeffrey M.
Published: April 2019

Background and objectives

Diuretic resistance can limit successful decongestion of patients with heart failure. Because loop diuretics tightly bind albumin, low serum albumin and high urine albumin can theoretically limit diuretic delivery to the site of action. However, it is unknown if this represents a clinically relevant mechanism of diuretic resistance in human heart failure.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

In total, 208 outpatients with heart failure at the Yale Transitional Care Center undergoing diuretic treatment were studied. Blood and urine chemistries were collected at baseline and 1.5 hours postdiuretic administration. Urine diuretic levels were normalized to urine creatinine and adjusted for diuretic dose administered, and diuretic efficiency was calculated as sodium output per doubling of the loop diuretic dose. Findings were validated in an inpatient heart failure cohort (n=60).

Results

Serum albumin levels in the outpatient cohort ranged from 2.4 to 4.9 g/dl, with a median of 3.7 g/dl (interquartile range, 3.5–4.1). Serum albumin had no association with urinary diuretic delivery (r=−0.05; P=0.52), but higher levels weakly correlated with better diuretic efficiency (r=0.17; P=0.02). However, serum albumin inversely correlated with systemic inflammation as assessed by plasma IL-6 (r=−0.35; P<0.001), and controlling for IL-6 eliminated the diuretic efficiency-serum albumin association (r=0.12; P=0.12). In the inpatient cohort, there was no association between serum albumin and urinary diuretic excretion (r=0.15; P=0.32) or diuretic efficiency (r=−0.16; P=0.25). In the outpatient cohort, 39% of patients had microalbuminuria, and 18% had macroalbuminuria. There was no correlation between albuminuria and diuretic efficiency after adjusting for kidney function (r=−0.02; P=0.89). Results were similar in the inpatient cohort.

Conclusions

Serum albumin levels were not associated with urinary diuretic excretion, and urinary albumin levels were not associated with diuretic efficiency.
The Intersection of Race, Beauty and Identity: The Migrant Experience in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s Americanah
Authors: Dasi Eleanor Anneh
Published: April 2019

Negotiating identity and the determining conditions of these identities are inextricable linked to the history of colonialism and its related practices of slavery, displacement and racial and cultural discrimination. Added to these are the recent waves of migration which have led to transnational experiences of misrepresentations that formerly colonised people are faced with, and which they have to deal with in order to assert or form new identities. The domain of beauty and its complex discourses involving its relationship to identity are intricately linked to ideology and power relations. The destabilisation of the African identity, especially in diaspora contexts, has been a direct consequence of the supremacist ideologies of the colonising powers. One of the fundamental questions raised by the cultural issues surrounding beauty is: how can the African overcome social expectations of beauty based on western standards that play negatively on their sense of identity? The answer to this question lies in the diverse definitions of beauty from different cultural perspectives. When awareness is raised on issues of racial stereotypes and cultural prejudices, the process of demystification of the myth of racial superiority begins, signalling also the start of the African’s journey towards a new conceptualisation of self.
GRAPHIC METHOD ADVANTAGES OF DETERMINATION OF VERTICAL GLAZING ­INSOLATION COEFFICIENT
Authors: Klochko Alexey K. , Klochko Asmik R.
Published: April 2019

Introduction. One of components of the required power of the ventilation and air conditioning system of the room during the warm and transitional periods there are heat gains from solar radiation therefore reliable determination of insolation coefficient of a vertical protection is important in engineering practice. Definition of heat gains from solar radiation is required also when calculating the power passport of the building which is carried out according to the regulation 50.13330.2012 Thermal protection of buildings. Revised edition Construction Norms and Regulations 23-02-2003. Object of this work research is the insolation coefficient for vertical glazing, heat gains from solar radiation during the warm and transitional periods of year. The purpose to develop recommendations about specification of insolation coefficient by graphic methods when calculating heat gains from solar radiation is set.

Materials and methods. In work approaches graphic and analytical (trigonometrical dependences) used and also data of long-term observations of climatic parameters are applied.

Results. The existing methods of definition of heat gains from solar radiation show high efficiency in practice of engineering calculations, however specification of value of insolation coefficient is required.

Conclusions. When determining heat gains from solar radiation it is necessary to carry out after application of the existing methods of engineering calculations an inspection of true value of insolation coefficient for checkout time taking into account the area surrounding buildings and designs of the wall panel in which the window is installed.
EFFECT OF ETHANOLIC FRUITS EXTRACT OF EMBELIA RIBES BURM ON DEXAMETHASONE INDUCED INSULIN RESISTANCE IN MICE
Authors: Garg Naveen , Mathur Prashant , Saraswat Rohit , Sharma Chandrachud
Published: April 2019

This study was designed to examine the effect of ethanolic fruits extract of Embelia ribes Burm on dexamethasone-(1mg/kg, intramuscular, 22 days) induced Insulin resistance in Mice. Twenty two  days of oral feeding the extract (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) to induced mice resulted in significant (P < .01) decrease in blood glucose, triglyeride, Insulin, HOMA-IR index and  increase in body weight  levels as compared to dexa control mice. Further, the extract also significantly (P < .01) decreased the MDA levels and significantly (P < .01) increased the superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione levels as compared to above levels in Hepatic tissue of dexa control  mice and also increased glucose uptake by skeletal muscle. The results of test drug were comparable to pioglitazone (2 mg/kg, i.m , 22 days), a standard antihyperglycemic agent.

The study concludes that Embelia ribes enhances the antioxidant defense against reactive oxygen species produced under hyperglycemic condition and Embelia ribes may prove to be effective in the treatment of Type-II Diabetes mellitus owing to its ability to decrease insulin resistance.
Role of Aloe Vera Ksharasutra in the Management of Arsha: A Case Study
Authors: T. Patil Dharmpal , Kumar P. Hematha
Published: April 2019

Arhsa (Haemorrhoids) is one of the serious major anorectal diseases affecting large number of world population. Arhsa can be manage by various para-surgical measures of ayurveda such as; Agnikarma, Ksharakarma & Ksharasutra. Generally Snuhikshira Ksharasutra employed for ligation purpose but it also suffers with some adverse effect such as; pain, irritation and burning sensation. Therefore it was required to evaluate efficacy of some other Ksharasutra in the management of Arhsa. Considering this fact present study was carried out to measure efficacy of Aloe vera Ksharsutra in the management of Arsha. Study observes reduction in clinical symptoms such as pain, irritation and burning sensation after ligation with Aloe Vera Ksharasutra. Two patients were included in the study and one patient was treated with Aloe vera Ksharsutra ligation while other was treated with Snuhi Kshira Ksharsutra ligation. Study observed that Aloe Vera Ksharasutra ligation offers relief in pain and burning sensation. Reduction in discharge was also observed with Aloe vera Ksharsutra as compared to Snuhi Kshira Kasharasutra. The present finally concluded that there is a need of further study on large population to establish results of current study.
Breast cancer treatment: survival facts and associated side effects
Authors: Joshi Drashti
Published: April 2019

In the world the cancer is a prevailing disease therefore some rational and effective therapy required. The breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in a woman and now a day’s patients are increase. Therefore, development and research are ongoing on the effective treatment on breast cancer. The breast cancer treatment is depending on the cancer stage disease and risk, based on this therapeutic agent should be employed in the patients to protect the breast cancer disease. Such treatments are reducing the mortality and morbidity but constant monitoring of drug adverse effect. Moreover, it has been seen that the survival rates in breast cancer is rising that is good news for science but on the other side the side effects of the treatments bring new challenges.  The early stage diagnosis of the breast cancer can survive the effective or healthy patient life because of long-term and various treatment can be employed on the cancer disease otherwise breast cancer is life threatening illness. Survivors of breast cancer have not only the side effects issues of the cancer therapy treatment but also, they have many other issues of previous treatments therefore it is challenging job for the researchers. Consequently, this review article is dealing with the breast cancer effective treatments and side effects of it. Moreover, it includes the other long-term medical issues after breast cancer diagnosis and treatment. This review will help to the researchers for better understanding of the long-term medical issues in the breast cancer.
Antifungal effects of Ziziphora tenuior, Lavandula angustifolia, Cuminum cyminum essential oils against clinical isolates of Candida albicans from women suffering from vulvovaginal candidiasis
Authors: Dolatabadi Samaneh , Salari Zahra , Mahboubi Mohaddese
Published: April 2019

Candida sp. especially C. albicans is the main cause of candidiasis in women in reproductive ages. The prevalence of drug resistant C. albicans along with adverse effects of current treatments have encouraged the scientists to research on medicinal plant’s essential oils. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential effects of Ziziphora tenuior, Lavandula angustifolia, Cuminum cyminum essential oils against clinical isolates of C. albicans, which were isolated from women with vulvovaginal candidiasis. The anti-candidal effects of these commercial essential oils were screened against these clinical isolates (n=80) by disc diffusion and micro-broth dilution assays. The means of inhibition zone diameters, MIC and MFCs were reported for each essential oil. Also, the capability of fungal strain for biofilm formation in comparison with C. albicans ATCC 10231 were determined. The anti-biofilm effects of essential oils against 11 biofilm producing strains of C. albicans were determined. The results showed C. cyminum and Z. tenuior essential oils had the best anti-candidal effects, while the best biofilm killing effects was for L. angustifolia essential oil. C. cyminum and Z. tenuior essential oils can be formulated for more evaluations in preclinical and clinical studies.
O Moodle como mediador no processo de formação pedagógica: uma pesquisaação sobre a experiência de futuros professores em estágio extracurricular
Authors: Bastos Giséli Duarte , Marshall Débora , Storgatto Greyce Arrua , Borges Letícia De Lima , Pavão Borges Edison Luiz
Published: April 2019

Este trabalho objetivou investigar as contribuições de uma experiência envolvendo o Ambiente Virtual de Ensino-Aprendizagem Moodle na formação docente de estagiários, estudantes de Licenciatura, em estágio extracurricular, da Equipe Multidisciplinar do Núcleo de Tecnologia Educacional da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. A metodologia foi pautada em uma pesquisa-ação, de abordagem qualitativa e teve como instrumento de coleta um questionário survey aplicado aos estagiários. Os dados demonstraram que aspectos advindos da experiência com as disciplinas construídas no AVEA, como fluência tecnológica, autonomia, diálogo e conhecimento pedagógico, foram considerados relevantes na formação docente pelos estagiários. Porém, tal ação também apresentou fragilidades, como a necessidade de articular a pesquisa ao processo, bem como esclarecer a teoria que embasa o Moodle e o trabalho envolvendo o Ambiente na Equipe Multidisciplinar. Assim, percebe-se que, ao explorar o Moodle, atentando para questões tecno-didático-pedagógicas das disciplinas nele construídas os estagiários puderam aprimorar e refletir sobre aspectos fundamentais às suas formações profissionais.
APRENDIZAGEM APOIADA POR COMPUTADOR: ENSINANDO GEOMETRIA PLANA ATRAVÉS DE IMAGENS ORBITAIS
Authors: Gil Karen Henn , Bazzan Thiago , Do Rosário Lima Valderez Marina , Lahm Regis Alexandre
Published: April 2019

O ensino de geometria plana, embora seja um conteúdo de relevância, não vem recebendo a devida importância no ensino fundamental. Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo apresentar uma proposta inovadora que utiliza imagens de satélites disponíveisno software Google EarthTM, para a construção de conhecimentos referentes às medidas de distância, formação de figuras geométricas e determinação de seus perímetros. A metodologia consistiu na realização de um conjunto de atividades com duas turmas de 5ª série durante as aulas de matemática em contexto de unidade de aprendizagem. Os resultados das atividades promoveram o desenvolvimento de competências através da utilização das ferramentas disponíveis no software.
Gerenciamento da Aprendizagem, Evasão em Ead Online e Possíveis Soluções: Um Estudo de Caso no IFCE
Authors: Sales Gilvandenys Leite , Leite Eliana Alves Moreira , Joye Cassandra Ribeiro
Published: April 2019

Este artigo trata dos possíveis impactos que modificações no gerenciamento da aprendizagem podem causar na evasão em EAD online. Adotou-se como metodologia um estudo de caso com grupos experimental e de controle constituídos poralunos do IFCE. Para o monitoramento das atividades do grupo de controle foi usada planilha eletrônica com lançamento manual de notas, as quais eram disponibilizadas para os alunos somente ao final da disciplina, enquanto ao grupo experimental foi associado um controle acadêmico automatizado com auxílio da ferramenta de avaliação formativa denominada Learning Vectors (LV). Com a análise dos dados obtidospercebeu-se que com o acompanhamento regulador e constante das atividades de aprendizagem por meio dos LV é possível inferir mudanças na taxa de evasão do IFCE.