bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cascade catalysis via dehydration and oxidation: one-pot synthesis of 2,5-diformylfuran from fructose using acid and V2O5/ceramic catalysts
Authors: Cui Mei , Huang Renliang , Qi Wei , Su Rongxin , He Zhimin
Published: January 2017

A vanadium pentoxide/ceramic catalyst was synthesized and a one-pot method for the preparation of 2,5-DFF from fructose was developed.
The effect of selenium and polysaccharide of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. (PAMK) on endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis in chicken spleen induced by heat stress
Authors: Xu Danning , Li Wanyan , Li Bingxin , Tian Yunbo , Huang Yunmao
Published: January 2017

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and oxidative stress are involved in different types of stress induced injuries.
Anisotropic phonon transport and lattice thermal conductivities in tin dichalcogenides SnS2 and SnSe2
Authors: Wang Haifeng , Gao Yan , Liu Gang
Published: January 2017

In recent years, layered semiconductor tin dichalcogenides, SnX2 (X = S and Se), have received great attention owing to their wide applications in numerous fields.
Facile synthesis of tea waste/Fe3O4nanoparticle composite for hexavalent chromium removal from aqueous solution
Authors: Fan Shisuo , Wang Yi , Li Yang , Tang Jun , Wang Zhen , Tang Jie , Li Xuede , Hu Kai
Published: January 2017

A tea waste/Fe3O4composite was prepared through chemical co-precipitation approach and was used for Cr(vi) removal, involving an adsorption-coupled reduction mechanism.
Synthesis of a core/satellite-like multifunctional nanocarrier for pH- and NIR-triggered intracellular chemothermal therapy and tumor imaging
Authors: Yang Xue , Xiong Jun , Qiu Pengchao , Chen Mian , He Dinggeng , He Xiaoxiao , Wang Kemin , Tang Jinlu
Published: January 2017

A core/satellite-like multifunctional system was developed for synergistic chemothermal therapy and tumor imaging based on the AuNRs capped mesoporous silica nanocarrier with UCNP core.
The remarkable journey of catalysts from stoichiometric to catalytic quantity for allyltrimethylsilane inspired allylation of acetals, ketals, aldehydes and ketones
Authors: Lade Jatin J. , Pardeshi Sachin D. , Vadagaonkar Kamlesh S. , Murugan Kaliyappan , Chaskar Atul C.
Published: January 2017

Allyltrimethylsilane inspired allylation of acetals, ketals, aldehydes, and ketones comprises one of the most viable, significant and graceful methods for the formation of carbon–carbon bonds leading to stereochemical transformation.
Preparation and characterization of spherical β-cyclodextrin/urea–formaldehyde microcapsules modified by nano-titanium oxide
Authors: Yu Xin , Qi Houjuan , Huang Zhanhua , Zhang Bin , Liu Shouxin
Published: January 2017

The schematic illustration of the formation of β-cyclodextrin/urea–formaldehyde microcapsules modified by nano-titanium oxide.
The formation mechanisms of porous silicon prepared from dense silicon monoxide
Authors: Zeng Shao-zhong , Zeng Xierong , Huang Lin , Wu Hongliang , Yao Yuechao , Zheng Xianfeng , Zou Jizhao
Published: January 2017

Porous silicon with a tunable surface area was prepared from dense silicon monoxide and the mechanisms were studied in detail.
A universal processing additive for high-performance polymer solar cells
Authors: Lee Tack Ho , Park Song Yi , Walker Bright , Ko Seo-Jin , Heo Jungwoo , Woo Han Young , Choi Hyosung , Kim Jin Young
Published: January 2017

Diphenyl ether acts as a predominant processing additive regardless of the polymer crystallinity in bulk-heterojunction polymer solar cells.
Sulfonated multi-walled carbon nanotubes for biodiesel production through triglycerides transesterification
Authors: Guan Qingqing , Li Yi , Chen Yuan , Shi Yuzhen , Gu Junjie , Li Bin , Miao Rongrong , Chen Qiuling , Ning Ping
Published: January 2017

Effective solid acid catalysts play a key role to produce high-quality biodiesel through triglyceride transesterification.
Silver(i) coordination polymers with 3,3′,5,5′-tetrasubstituted 4,4′-bipyridine ligands: towards new porous chiral materials
Authors: Aubert E. , Abboud M. , Doudouh A. , Durand P. , Peluso P. , Ligresti A. , Vigolo B. , Cossu S. , Pale P. , Mamane V.
Published: January 2017

The first homochiral metal–organic framework (MOF) based on an atropisomeric 4,4′-bipyridine ligand is described.
Cation–anion substitution induced spectral tuning and thermal stability optimization in Sr2SiO4:Eu phosphors
Authors: Zhu Yue , Wang Jin , Zhao Mingyi , Chen Chonghui , Zheng Lingling , Liu Yingliang , Lei Bingfu , Zhang Haoran
Published: January 2017

The cation–anion substitution results in spectral tuning and thermal stability optimization in Sr2Si1−xAlxO4−2xNx:Eu phosphors.
Colloid-probe AFM studies of the surface functionality and adsorbed proteins on binary colloidal crystal layers
Authors: Singh Gurvinder , Bremmell Kristen , Griesser Hans J. , Kingshott Peter
Published: January 2017

We demonstrate the applicability of colloid-probe AFM to detect different surface chemistries on binary colloidal crystal layers of different chemical and protein patterns.
Plasticizing and crosslinking effects of borate additives on the structure and properties of poly(vinyl acetate)
Authors: Geng Shiyu , Shah Faiz Ullah , Liu Peng , Antzutkin Oleg N. , Oksman Kristiina
Published: January 2017

An unusual, pH-tuneable plasticizing effect of borate additives on the structure and properties of partially hydrolysed poly(vinyl acetate) is firstly reported, in addition to its general crosslinking effect.
One-step fabricated wettable gradient surface for controlled directional underwater oil-droplet transport
Authors: Shang Weifeng , Deng Siyan , Feng Shile , Xing Yan , Hou Yongping , Zheng Yongmei
Published: January 2017

Controlled self-propelling of the underwater oil droplet is achieved by a one-step anodic oxidation method.
Tunable thermodynamic activity of LaxSr1−xMnyAl1−yO3−δ(0 ≤ x ≤ 1, 0 ≤ y ≤ 1) perovskites for solar thermochemical fuel synthesis
Authors: Ezbiri M. , Takacs M. , Theiler D. , Michalsky R. , Steinfeld A.
Published: January 2017

Nonstoichiometric metal oxides with variable valence are attractive redox materials for thermochemical and electrochemical fuel processing.
Impact of synthetic routes on the structural and physical properties of butyl-1,4-diammonium lead iodide semiconductors
Authors: Safdari Majid , Phuyal Dibya , Philippe Bertrand , Svensson Per H. , Butorin Sergei M. , Kvashnina Kristina O. , Rensmo Håkan , Kloo Lars , Gardner James M.
Published: January 2017

We report the significant role of synthetic routes and the importance of solvents in the synthesis of organic–inorganic lead iodide materials.
Plasmon-dominated photoelectrodes for solar water splitting
Authors: Liu Guohua , Du Kang , Xu Jinliang , Chen Guang , Gu Mingyan , Yang Changping , Wang Kaiying , Jakobsen Henrik
Published: January 2017

This report provides a perspective on photoelectrochemical water splitting by leveraging the advantages of both plasmonics and semiconducting light-absorbers.
Multimetallic Ni–Mo/Cu nanowires as nonprecious and efficient full water splitting catalyst
Authors: Zhao Shunan , Huang Jianfei , Liu Yanyan , Shen Jianhua , Wang Hao , Yang Xiaoling , Zhu Yihua , Li Chunzhong
Published: January 2017

Multimetallic Ni–Mo/Cu nanowires free-standing electrode (NM-CNW) was used as an excellent bifunctional electrocatalyst for full water splitting.
Growth behaviour of silica/carbonate nanocrystalline composites of calcite and aragonite
Authors: Zhang Gan , Morales Juan , García-Ruiz Juan Manuel
Published: January 2017

The precipitation of calcium carbonate into alkaline silica gel produces concomitant polymorphic precipitation of aragonite with biomorphic morphology and calcite crystalline dendrites.
A novel biodegradable and biologically functional arginine-based poly(ester urea urethane) coating for Mg–Zn–Y–Nd alloy: enhancement in corrosion resistance and biocompatibility
Authors: Liu Jing , Wang Pei , Chu Chih-Chang , Xi Tingfei
Published: January 2017

Novel biodegradable and functional Arg-PEUU coating materials for MgZnYNd alloy stents may make drugs like sirolimus or paclitaxel unnecessary.
One ion to rule them all: the combined antibacterial, osteoinductive and anticancer properties of selenite-incorporated hydroxyapatite
Authors: Uskoković Vuk , Iyer Maheshwar Adiraj , Wu Victoria M.
Published: January 2017

Although HAp has been doped with dozens of different ions, the quest for an ion imparting a combination of properties conducive to bone healing is still ongoing.
Ultrafast light-induced symmetry changes in single BaTiO3 nanowires
Authors: Kuo Yi-Hong , Nah Sanghee , He Kai , Hu Te , Lindenberg Aaron M.
Published: January 2017

Femtosecond optical excitation leads to ultrafast symmetry changes in ferroelectric nanowires.
Efficient photovoltaic devices based on p-ZnSe/n-CdS core–shell heterojunctions with high open-circuit voltage
Authors: Zhang Xiwei , Mao Jie , Shao Zhibin , Diao Senlin , Hu Dan , Tang Zhenjie , Wu Haihua , Jie Jiansheng
Published: January 2017

Large band-gap ZnSe nanowires and CdS films are used to construct core–shell heterojunction solar cells with high open circuit voltage and efficiency.
A microcrystalline cellulose ingrained polydimethylsiloxane triboelectric nanogenerator as a self-powered locomotion detector
Authors: Chandrasekhar Arunkumar , Alluri Nagamalleswara Rao , Saravanakumar Balasubramaniam , Selvarajan Sophia , Kim Sang-Jae
Published: January 2017

Scavenging of ambient dissipated mechanical energy addresses the limitations of conventional batteries by providing an auxiliary voltaic power source, and thus has significant potential for self-powered and wearable electronics.
Monitoring emulsion microstructure by using organic electrochemical transistors
Authors: Preziosi V. , Barra M. , Perazzo A. , Tarabella G. , Romeo A. , Marasso S. L. , D'Angelo P. , Iannotta S. , Cassinese A. , Guido S.
Published: January 2017

Here, we report how OECTs can be used for the detection of the emulsion microstructural development during a nano-emulsification process realized by gradual addition of water to a mixture of oil and two non-ionic surfactants.
Chemical epitaxy of CdS on GaAs
Authors: Friedman Ofir , Upcher Alexander , Templeman Tzvi , Ezersky Vladimir , Golan Yuval
Published: January 2017

Epitaxial thin films of CdS were deposited from solution onto GaAs(100) and GaAs(111)B.
Screening novel candidates for mid-IR nonlinear optical materials from I3–V–VI4compounds
Authors: Ma Zuju , Hu Jinyu , Sa Rongjian , Li Qiaohong , Zhang Yongfan , Wu Kechen
Published: January 2017

A comprehensive assessment of the mid-IR NLO capabilities of a group of I3–V–VI4compounds using hybrid DFT calculations.
Near-infrared light-emitting devices from individual heavily Ga-doped ZnO microwires
Authors: He Gao-Hang , Jiang Ming-Ming , Dong Lin , Zhang Zhen-Zhong , Li Bing-Hui , Shan Chong-Xin , Shen De-Zhen
Published: January 2017

Electrically driven near-infrared light-emission from individual heavily Ga-doped ZnO microwires has been achieved, which can be analogous to incandescent sources.
Structurally simple non-doped sky-blue OLEDs with high luminance and efficiencies at low driving voltages
Authors: Li Chenglong , Li Zhiqiang , Yan Xianju , Zhang Yuewei , Zhang Zuolun , Wang Yue
Published: January 2017

Two emitters that can realize structurally simple non-doped sky-blue OLEDs with high brightness and efficiencies at low driving voltages have been designed and synthesized.
Palladium-catalyzed interannular meta-C–H arylation
Authors: Ling Peng-Xiang , Chen Kai , Shi Bing-Feng
Published: January 2017

The interannularmeta-selective C–H arylation of biaryl-2-trifluoroacetamides using Pd(ii)/norbornene catalysis is described.
Auditory Stimulus Processing and Task Learning Are Adequate in Dyslexia, but Benefits From Regularities Are Reduced
Authors: Daikhin Luba , Raviv Ofri , Ahissar Merav
Published: January 2017

Purpose

The reading deficit for people with dyslexia is typically associated with linguistic, memory, and perceptual-discrimination difficulties, whose relation to reading impairment is disputed. We proposed that automatic detection and usage of serial sound regularities for individuals with dyslexia is impaired (anchoring deficit hypothesis), leading to the formation of less reliable sound predictions. Agus, Carrión-Castillo, Pressnitzer, and Ramus, (2014) reported seemingly contradictory evidence by showing similar performance by participants with and without dyslexia in a demanding auditory task that contained task-relevant regularities. To carefully assess the sensitivity of participants with dyslexia to regularities of this task, we replicated their study.

Method

Thirty participants with and 24 without dyslexia performed the replicated task. On each trial, a 1-s noise stimulus was presented. Participants had to decide whether the stimulus contained repetitions (was constructed from a 0.5-s noise segment repeated twice) or not. It is implicit in this structure that some of the stimuli with repetitions were themselves repeated across trials. We measured the ability to detect within-noise repetitions and the sensitivity to cross-trial repetitions of the same noise stimuli.

Results

We replicated the finding of similar mean performance. However, individuals with dyslexia were less sensitive to the cross-trial repetition of noise stimuli and tended to be more sensitive to repetitions in novel noise stimuli.

Conclusion

These findings indicate that online auditory processing for individuals with dyslexia is adequate but their implicit retention and usage of sound regularities is indeed impaired.
Modelling of squirrel cage induction motors for a bio‐inspired multi‐objective optimal design
Authors: Contreras Sergio F. , Cortes Camilo A. , Guzmán María A.
Published: January 2017

The design of efficient three‐phase induction motors is a challenge for engineering; therefore, new design techniques are continually being proposed. For example, efficiency is in conflict with manufacturing cost, which leads to the use of multi‐objective optimisation techniques to solve this engineering problem. Nevertheless, this study shows that the way of accurately modelling the behaviour of the motor is as important as the optimisation method itself. Thus, the study discusses fundamental considerations in the motor model as part of a proposed methodology for the design of highly efficient three‐phase squirrel cage induction motors. For this purpose, the motor is modelled in two ways: an analytical equivalent circuit and the finite element method, which are validated with data obtained from laboratory tests. The main contribution of this study is to show for the first time the required characteristics of the analytical model used as part of a multi‐objective optimisation problem to have a suitable accuracy with a competitive runtime. Moreover, the problem is solved using three bio‐inspired optimisation algorithms: non‐dominated sorting genetic algorithms II, non‐dominated sorting particle swarm optimisation and bacterial chemotaxis multi‐objective optimisation algorithm. The methodology is tested in the optimal redesign of a two‐pole, 3.7 kW, IE2 efficiency motor, for which the efficiency and cost were improved.
Multifunctional cyber‐physical system testbed based on a source‐grid combined scheduling control simulation system
Authors: Zhang Haibo , Ge Dandan , Liu Jizhen , Zhang Yi
Published: January 2017

To establish a real closed‐loop control centre testing environment for a cyber–physical power system, a cyber–physical testbed was established by integrating industry supervisory control and data acquisition with a source‐grid co‐simulation system in the laboratory at the North China Electric Power University. The testbed employs a multi‐time scale interface and virtual remote terminal units to overcome the shortcomings of the real‐time digital simulator. Physical simulation was performed with a source‐grid co‐simulation system based on a real‐time digital simulator. Control system simulation was implemented using a commercial energy management system. The testbed was also integrated with a wide‐area‐network emulator to provide wide‐area‐network emulation and advanced attack simulation. An overview of the system and the key technologies used in the cyber–physical system testbed is provided in this study. In addition, two specific cyberattacks are simulated to demonstrate the capacity of the cyber–physical system testbed.
Integrated method for the UAV navigation sensor anomaly detection
Authors: Bu Jian , Sun Rui , Bai Hongyang , Xu Rui , Xie Fei , Zhang Yucheng , Ochieng Washington Yotto
Published: January 2017

The rapid development of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has made great progress for its widespread uses in military and civilian applications in recent years. On‐board integrated navigation sensors are essential for UAV flight control systems in that they must operate with robustness and reliability. To achieve this, timely and effectively anomaly detection capabilities for the estimated UAV status from the integrated navigation sensors are required to ensure the UAV flight safety. Extraction of the anomaly information from the real‐time navigation sensors and designing a robust and reliable anomaly detection algorithm are major issues for the UAV navigation sensor anomaly detection. This study introduces a novel integrated algorithm for detecting UAV on‐board navigation sensor anomaly, by combining particle filter (PF) estimated state residuals with fuzzy inference system (FIS) decision system. The residual information is obtained based on the difference between the collected Global Positioning System measurements and high accuracy PF estimates. The indicators derived from the PF residuals are further made as inputs for the FIS system to output the different anomaly levels. The simulation and filed test results have demonstrated the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed anomaly detection method in terms of timeliness, recall and precision.
Improving the measurement accuracy of an absolute imaging position encoder via a new edge detection method
Authors: Cai Nian , Xiao Pan , Ye Qian , Wang Han , Chen Xindu , Ling Bingo Wing‐Kuen
Published: January 2017

To improve the measurement accuracy of an absolute imaging position encoder, a novel edge detection method is developed to accurately detect the edges of grating lines based on empirical mode decomposition (EMD). First, according to the characteristics of the absolute position coding image (APCI), the vertical projection of the grey‐level APCI is achieved by conventional grey‐level transformation. Then, the vertical projection contour is decomposed by an EMD method and a finite number of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) are achieved. Next, the last two IMFs are used to describe the trend of the projection contour. The trend is used as adaptive thresholds to divide the vertical projection contour into different intervals. Finally, the second derivate of the vertical projection contour is applied to obtain the accurate edges in each interval. Experimental results indicate that the proposed method is more robust to heavy noise, bad illumination and a slope compared with the existing methods with respect to edge detection. Also, the proposed method achieves better measurement accuracy than the existing methods.
Dynamic mineral clouds on HD 189733b
Authors: Lee E. K. H. , Wood K. , Dobbs-Dixon I. , Rice A. , Helling Ch.
Published: January 2017

Context. As the 3D spatial properties of exoplanet atmospheres are being observed in increasing detail by current and new generations of telescopes, the modelling of the 3D scattering effects of cloud forming atmospheres with inhomogeneous opacity structures becomes increasingly important to interpret observational data.

Aims. We model the scattering and emission properties of a simulated cloud forming, inhomogeneous opacity, hot Jupiter atmosphere of HD 189733b. We compare our results to available Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and Spitzer data and quantify the effects of 3D multiple scattering on observable properties of the atmosphere. We discuss potential observational properties of HD 189733b for the upcoming Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) and CHaracterising ExOPlanet Satellite (CHEOPS) missions.

Methods. We developed a Monte Carlo radiative transfer code and applied it to post-process output of our 3D radiative-hydrodynamic, cloud formation simulation of HD 189733b. We employed three variance reduction techniques, i.e. next event estimation, survival biasing, and composite emission biasing, to improve signal to noise of the output. For cloud particle scattering events, we constructed a log-normal area distribution from the 3D cloud formation radiative-hydrodynamic results, which is stochastically sampled in order to model the Rayleigh and Mie scattering behaviour of a mixture of grain sizes.

Results. Stellar photon packets incident on the eastern dayside hemisphere show predominantly Rayleigh, single-scattering behaviour, while multiple scattering occurs on the western hemisphere. Combined scattered and thermal emitted light predictions are consistent with published HST and Spitzer secondary transit observations. Our model predictions are also consistent with geometric albedo constraints from optical wavelength ground-based polarimetry and HST B band measurements. We predict an apparent geometric albedo for HD 189733b of 0.205 and 0.229, in the TESS and CHEOPS photometric bands respectively.

Conclusions. Modelling the 3D geometric scattering effects of clouds on observables of exoplanet atmospheres provides an important contribution to the attempt to determine the cloud properties of these objects. Comparisons between TESS and CHEOPS photometry may provide qualitative information on the cloud properties of nearby hot Jupiter exoplanets.
The Added Value of Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Diagnosis and Posttreatment Evaluation of Skull Base Chordomas
Authors: Guler Ezgi , Mut Melike , Soylemezoglu Figen , Oguz Kader , Ozgen Burce
Published: January 2017

Objectives To determine the use of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in the pre- and posttreatment evaluation of skull base chordomas.

Design Retrospective study.

Setting Tertiary care university hospital.

Participants In total, 17 patients with histopathological diagnosis of chordoma who had magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and DWI were evaluated. Of them, 13 patients had posttreatment MR imaging including DWI.

Main Outcome Measures Three apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were obtained from tumor, and an ADC value was measured from pons for the purpose of normalization. ADC values of the subtypes of chordomas (typical and chondroid chordomas) were compared.

Results Ten (59%) masses had increased signal on trace DWI at pretreatment evaluation. The mean ADCentire tumor/ADCpons was calculated as 1.55 ± 0.44. The mean ADCentire tumor values of typical and chondroid chordomas were 1.26 ± 0.29 × 10−3 mm2/s and 0.99 ± 0.46 × 10−3 mm2/s, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between ADC values of the subtypes (p > 0.05). For posttreatment evaluation, DWI enabled detection of residual tumor in the majority (85%) of cases.

Conclusions DWI is useful in diagnosis and posttreatment evaluation of skull base chordomas. However, ADC values in our series did not distinguish the subtypes of chordomas.
Cooling of isolated anthracene cations probed with photons of different wavelengths in the Mini-Ring
Authors: Ji M. , Bernard J. , Chen L. , Brédy R. , Ortéga C. , Joblin C. , Cassimi A. , Martin S.
Published: January 2017

We report on a direct measurement of the Internal Energy Distribution (IED) shift rate of an initially hot polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecular ensemble, anthracene cations (C14H10+). The ions were produced in an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source and stored in an electrostatic ion storage ring, the Mini-Ring. Laser pulses of two wavelengths were sent successively to merge the stored ion bunch at different storage times to enhance the neutral fragment yield due to fast laser induced dissociation. Using this technique, we have been able to determine directly the energy shift rate of the IED, without involving any theoretical simulation or any assumption on dissociation rates, cooling rates, or the initial IED. Theoretical energy shift rates have been estimated from the evolution of simulated IEDs by taking into account the effects of the unimolecular dissociation and two radiative decay mechanisms: the Poincaré fluorescence and the infrared vibrational emission. The comparison between the experimental results and the model provides new evidence of the important role of the Poincaré fluorescence in the overall cooling process of anthracene cations. Although in the short time range the commonly accepted intuition says that the cooling would result mostly from the dissociation of the hottest ions (depletion cooling), we demonstrate that the Poincaré fluorescence is the dominant contribution (about 85%) to the net cooling effect.
Directional melting of alumina via polarized microwave heating
Authors: Hu Yuan , Nakano Aiichiro , Wang Joseph
Published: January 2017

Dynamical instabilities and melting of crystals upon heating are fundamental problems in physics and materials science. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we found that drastically different melting temperatures and behaviors can be achieved in α-alumina using microwave heating, where the electric field is aligned with different crystallographic orientations. Namely, alumina melts much earlier at lower temperatures when the electric field is parallel to the c-axis. The atomistic mechanism was identified as selective liberation of the Al sublattice due to the shear instability along the c-axis. This directional melting concept may be used for triggering distinct dynamical instabilities and melting of dielectric crystals using polarized microwave fields.
Effect of high-frequency modes on singlet fission dynamics
Authors: Fujihashi Yuta , Chen Lipeng , Ishizaki Akihito , Wang Junling , Zhao Yang
Published: January 2017

Singlet fission is a spin-allowed energy conversion process whereby a singlet excitation splits into two spin-correlated triplet excitations residing on adjacent molecules and has a potential to dramatically increase the efficiency of organic photovoltaics. Recent time-resolved nonlinear spectra of pentacene derivatives have shown the importance of high frequency vibrational modes in efficient fission. In this work, we explore impacts of vibration-induced fluctuations on fission dynamics through quantum dynamics calculations with parameters from fitting measured linear and nonlinear spectra. We demonstrate that fission dynamics strongly depends on the frequency of the intramolecular vibrational mode. Furthermore, we examine the effect of two vibrational modes on fission dynamics. Inclusion of a second vibrational mode creates an additional fission channel even when its Huang-Rhys factor is relatively small. Addition of more vibrational modes may not enhance the fission per se, but can dramatically affect the interplay between fission dynamics and the dominant vibrational mode.
Bullet-to-streamer transition on the liquid surface of a plasma jet in atmospheric pressure
Authors: Yoon S.-Y. , Kim G.-H. , Kim S.-J. , Bae B. , Kim N.-K. , Lee H. , Bae N. , Ryu S. , Yoo S. J. , Kim S. B.
Published: January 2017

This study investigated the transition of the plasma shape from a ring-shaped bullet to a pin-like streamer adjacent to the electrolyte surface in a kHz-driven helium atmospheric pressure plasma jet. The transition was observed by synchronized fast images, plasma propagation speed, time-resolved emission profile of Hβ, and spatially and temporally resolved helium metastable density. The transition height increased when electrolyte evaporation was enhanced. The plasma continued to discharge on the electrolyte surface even in the absence of metastable species, i.e., the discharge mechanism changed from Penning ionization between helium metastable and ambient nitrogen to electron collision on evaporated water.
Are all classical superintegrable systems in two-dimensional space linearizable?
Authors: Gubbiotti G. , Nucci M. C.
Published: January 2017

Several examples of classical superintegrable systems in a two-dimensional space are shown to possess hidden symmetries leading to their linearization. They include those determined fifty years ago in the work of Friš et al. [Phys. Lett. 13, 354–356 (1965)], their generalizations, and the more recent Tremblay-Turbiner-Winternitz system [F. Tremblay et al., J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 42, 242001 (2009)]. We conjecture that all classical superintegrable systems in the two-dimensional space have hidden symmetries that make them linearizable.
Local resonator with high-static-low-dynamic stiffness for lowering band gaps of flexural wave in beams
Authors: Zhou Jiaxi , Wang Kai , Xu Daolin , Ouyang Huajiang
Published: January 2017

Periodic structures are effective in attenuating waves in low frequency range at local resonance (LR) conditions, but it is still a challenge to achieve this in very low frequency range. The main original contribution of this paper is to further lower the band gaps of flexural wave propagation in LR beams by developing a new resonator with high-static-low-dynamic stiffness (HSLDS). The proposed resonator is designed by combining a vertical spring with two oblique springs that provide negative stiffness in the vertical direction, and thus the stiffness of the vertical spring can be counteracted effectively by the negative-stiffness (NS) mechanisms. The band structures of HSLDS-LR beams, obtained by the transfer matrix method and verified by numerical simulations, demonstrate that band gaps can be shifted to much lower frequency than that of conventional LR beams. Most importantly, the band gaps can be assigned to desired locations by adjusting only the stiffness of the oblique springs. For wave attenuation in HSLDS-LR beams with a finite length, a sufficient number of unit cells are required to achieve a good performance of attenuation.
Universal field dependence of conventional and inverse magnetocaloric effects in DyCo2Si2
Authors: Karmakar S. K. , Giri S. , Majumdar S.
Published: January 2017

The rare-earth intermetallic compound DyCo2Si2 orders antiferromagnetically below TN = 23 K followed by a second magnetic anomaly at Tt = 9 K. The sample is known to show multiple metamagnetic transitions, which are reproduced in our present study. Our investigations on this sample indicate that the magnetocaloric effect (MCE) calculated from the magnetization data (in terms of change in entropy, ΔSM) is quite fascinating, and it is characterized by multiple sign reversals around TN and Tt. The MCE is found to be conventional (i.e., ΔSM is negative) above TN and below Tt, while it is inverse (i.e., ΔSM is positive) between TN and Tt. We performed a comprehensive analysis of the field dependence of the observed MCE, and a universal quadratic variation is observed at temperatures above and below TN (including the region below Tt) as long as the applied field is lower than the critical field for metamagnetic transition. The present work is able to show that the field dependence of the MCE in this antiferromagnetic material is quadratic despite the fact that the magnetocaloric effect is conventional or inverse in different temperature regions.
Micro-buried spiral zone plate in a lithium niobate crystal
Authors: Tian Zhen-Nan , Hua Jian-Guan , Hao Juan , Yu Yan-Hao , Chen Qi-Dai , Sun Hong-Bo
Published: January 2017

We present a micro-buried spiral zone plate (MBSZP) in the lithium niobate crystal fabricated with femtosecond laser direct writing technology. The microstructures of the MBSZP are buried under the surface of the crystal, which ensures the stability of the optical performance in various refractive index environments. The optical performances of imaging and focusing capabilities were demonstrated. In addition, the experiment showed good agreement with simulation results based on the optical wave propagation method. This novel optical element will have important applications in multistate information encoding, optical manipulation, quantum communication, and computation, especially in high integration, contact coupling, and variable refractive index environments.
Communication: Dissolution DNP reveals a long-lived deuterium spin state imbalance in methyl groups
Authors: Jhajharia Aditya , Weber Emmanuelle M. M. , Kempf James G. , Abergel Daniel , Bodenhausen Geoffrey , Kurzbach Dennis
Published: January 2017

We report the generation and observation of long-lived spin states in deuterated methyl groups by dissolution DNP. These states are based on population imbalances between manifolds of spin states corresponding to irreducible representations of the C3v point group and feature strongly dampened quadrupolar relaxation. Their lifetime depends on the activation energies of methyl group rotation. With dissolution DNP, we can reduce the deuterium relaxation rate by a factor up to 20, thereby extending the experimentally available time window. The intrinsic limitation of NMR spectroscopy of quadrupolar spins by short relaxation times can thus be alleviated.
Impact of gate geometry on ionic liquid gated ionotronic systems
Authors: Wong A. T. , Noh J. H. , Pudasaini P. R. , Wolf B. , Balke N. , Herklotz A. , Sharma Y. , Haglund A. V. , Dai S. , Mandrus D. , Rack P. D. , Ward T. Z.
Published: January 2017

Ionic liquid electrolytes are gaining widespread application as a gate dielectric used to control ion transport in functional materials. This letter systematically examines the important influence that device geometry in standard “side gate” 3-terminal geometries plays in device performance of a well-known oxygen ion conductor. We show that the most influential component of device design is the ratio between the area of the gate electrode and the active channel, while the spacing between these components and their individual shapes has a negligible contribution. These findings provide much needed guidance in device design intended for ionotronic gating with ionic liquids.
Portable organic gas detection sensor based on the effect of guided-mode resonance
Authors: Guo Liang , Wang Qi , Huang Yuanshen , Zhang Dawei
Published: January 2017

A novel organic gas detection sensor based on the effect of guided-mode resonance is proposed in this paper. The sensor is designed to operate in the visible light band. It contains four main sections: a light source, a miniature gas chamber composed of a guided-mode resonant filter, a diffraction grating, and a CCD image sensor. When bunched visible light is irradiated vertically to the gas chamber, it passes through the gas chamber and diffraction grating, and is then received by the CCD sensor. The optical signal received by the CCD sensor is then reduced to the spectrum using a specific algorithm. When organic gases are injected into the gas chamber, there is a shift in the wavelength of resonant reflection, and the magnitude of this shift is proportional to the refractive index of the gas. The large variation in the refractive indexes of industrially important organic gases means that their characteristic peak wavelengths can be easily identified. As a result, this system can quickly detect organic gases. To verify the feasibility of this technique, we use finite difference time domain solutions to simulate the results. The sensitivity of this type of sensor can reach wavelength differences of 0.001 nm, which means that the sensor has high potential for application in portable, high-precision detection systems.
Ferromagnetic resonance spectra of Py deposited on (Bi1-xSbx)2Te3
Authors: Gupta S. , Kanai S. , Matsukura F. , Ohno H.
Published: January 2017

We measure ferromagnetic resonance spectra of sputtered Py (20 nm) on (Bi1-xSbx)2Te3 (∼50 nm, x = 0-1) grown by molecular beam epitaxy. The linewidths of the spectra for Py on (Bi1-xSbx)2Te3 are much broader than that of Py directly deposited on a flat Si/SiO2 substrate. We find that the broadening results from spin pumping as well as inhomogeneity in Py induced by surface roughness of underneath (Bi1-xSbx)2Te3.
Vector magnetization of a distribution of cubic particles
Authors: Jamali Ali , Della Torre Edward , Cardelli Ermanno , ElBidweihy Hatem
Published: January 2017

A model for the vector magnetization of a distribution of particles with cubic anisotropy is presented. Recent work by the authors modeled the vector magnetization of a distribution of uniaxial particles by decomposing the total magnetization into reversible and irreversible components. In this paper, using an energy approach applicable to a generic plane, the model is extended to include cubic anisotropy projected to the (100) plane. The magnitude of the irreversible component is modeled using a Preisach differential-equation approach; however, other valid models can be used. The direction of the reversible component is modeled using the minimum energy approach of the classical Stoner–Wohlfarth model and taking into account the anisotropy field. The formulation of the generalized model is derived and its results are discussed considering (i) oscillation and rotational modes, (ii) lag angle, and (iii) magnetization trajectories.
Large rotating magnetocaloric effect in ErAlO3 single crystal
Authors: Zhang X. Q. , Wu Y. D. , Ma Y. , Dong Q. Y. , Ke Y. J. , Cheng Z. H.
Published: January 2017

Magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of ErAlO3 single crystal were investigated. Magnetization of ErAlO3 shows obvious anisotropy when magnetic field is applied along the a, b and c axes, which leads to large anisotropic magnetic entropy change. In particular, large rotating field entropy change from the b to c axis within the bc plane is obtained and reaches 9.7 J/kg K at 14 K in a field of 5 T. This suggests the possibility of using ErAlO3 single crystal for magnetic refrigerators by rotating its magnetization vector rather than moving it in and out of the magnet.
Density wave like transport anomalies in surface doped Na2IrO3
Authors: Mehlawat Kavita , Singh Yogesh
Published: January 2017

We report that the surface conductivity of Na2IrO3 crystal is extremely tunable by high energy Ar plasma etching and can be tuned from insulating to metallic with increasing etching time. Temperature dependent electrical transport for the metallic samples show signatures of first order phase transitions which are consistent with charge or spin density wave like phase transitions predicted recently. Additionally, grazing-incidence small-angle x-ray scattering (GISAXS) reveal that the room temperature surface structure of Na2IrO3 does not change after plasma etching.
Smartphone Application for Unhealthy Alcohol Use: A Pilot Study
Authors: Bertholet Nicolas , Daeppen Jean-Bernard , McNeely Jennifer , Kushnir Vlad , Cunningham John A.
Published: January 2017

Background

Technology-delivered interventions are useful tools for addressing unhealthy alcohol use. Smartphones in particular offer opportunities to deliver interventions at the user's convenience. A smartphone application with 5 modules (personal feedback, self-monitoring of drinking, designated driver tool, blood alcohol content [BAC] calculator, information) was developed. Its acceptability and associations between use and drinking outcomes were assessed.

Methods

One hundred thirty adults with unhealthy alcohol use (>14 [men]/>7 [women] drinks/week or ≥1 episode/month with 6 or more drinks) recruited in Switzerland ( n = 70) and Canada ( n = 60) were offered to use the application. Follow-up occurred after 3 months. Appreciation, usefulness, and self-reported frequency of use of the modules, and drinking outcomes (drinks/week, binge drinking) were assessed. Associations between application use and drinking at 3 months were evaluated with negative binomial and logistic regression models, adjusted for baseline values and gender.

Results

Of the participants, 48% were women, mean (SD) age: 32.8 (10.0). Follow-up rate: 86.2%. There were changes from baseline (BL) to follow-up (FU) in number of drinks/week, BL: 15.0 (16.5); FU: 10.9 (10.5), P = .01, and binge drinking, BL: 95.4%; FU: 64.3%, P < .0001. All modules had median ratings between 6 and 8 (scale of 1–10). Among the participants, 77% used the application, 76% used the personal feedback module, 41% the self-monitoring of drinking, 22% the designated driver tool, 53% the BAC calculator, and 31% the information module. Participants using the application more than once reported significantly fewer drinks/week at follow-up: Incidence Rate Ratio (IRR), number of drinks per week = 0.70 (0.51; 0.96).

Conclusions

A smartphone application for unhealthy alcohol use appears acceptable and useful (although there is room for improvement). Without prompting, its use is infrequent. Those who used the application more than once reported less weekly drinking than those who did not. Efficacy of the application should be tested in a randomized trial with strategies to increase frequency of its use.
Biosynthesis of nitrogen-containing natural products, C7N aminocyclitols and bis-indoles, from actinomycetes
Authors: Asamizu Shumpei
Published: January 2017

Actinomycetes are a major source of bioactive natural products with important pharmaceutical properties. Understanding the natural enzymatic assembly of complex small molecules is important for rational metabolic pathway design to produce “artificial” natural products in bacterial cells. This review will highlight current research on the biosynthetic mechanisms of two classes of nitrogen-containing natural products, C7N aminocyclitols and bis-indoles. Validamycin A is a member of C7N aminocyclitol natural products from Streptomyces hygroscopicus. Here, two important biosynthetic steps, pseudoglycosyltranferase-catalyzed C–N bond formation, and C7-sugar phosphate cyclase-catalyzed divergent carbasugar formation, will be reviewed. In addition, the bis-indolic natural products indolocarbazole, staurosporine from Streptomyces sp. TP-A0274, and rearranged bis-indole violacein from Chromobacterium violaceum are reviewed including the oxidative course of the assembly pathway for the bis-indolic scaffold. The identified biosynthesis mechanisms will be useful to generating new biocatalytic tools and bioactive compounds.
Learning to live together. The contribution of school
Authors: Pomar Maria Isabel , Pinya Carme
Published: January 2017

The paper we present is a biographical qualitative study on the school experience and its repercussions on the lives of young people. The paper has two aims: (1) to understand the repercussions of school experiences on the construction of personal identity, and (2) to incorporate the voices of alumni into a reflection on the present and future challenges facing primary education. The study is framed by the movement known as student voice. For this purpose, the interpretations ex‐students were collected through in‐depth interviews. The conclusions reveal the persistent effects of the school experience over the years as young people establish a sense of identity. The young people explain the attitudes and abilities that make up their way of living, and they relate this to what they learned in their early childhood and primary education.
Connective constants and height functions for Cayley graphs
Authors: Grimmett Geoffrey , Li Zhongyang
Published: January 2017

The connective constantμ(G)\mu (G)of an infinite transitive graphGGis the exponential growth rate of the number of self-avoiding walks from a given origin. In earlier work of Grimmett and Li, a locality theorem was proved for connective constants, namely, that the connective constants of two graphs are close in value whenever the graphs agree on a large ball around the origin. A condition of the theorem was that the graphs support so-called “unimodular graph height functions”. When the graphs are Cayley graphs of infinite, finitely generated groups, there is a special type of unimodular graph height function termed here a “groupheight function”. A necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a group height function is presented, and may be applied in the context of the bridge constant, and of the locality of connective constants for Cayley graphs. Locality may thereby be established for a variety of infinite groups including those with strictly positive deficiency.

It is proved that a large class of Cayley graphs support unimodular graph height functions, that are in additionharmonicon the graph. This implies, for example, the existence of unimodular graph height functions for the Cayley graphs of finitely generated solvable groups. It turns out that graphs with non-unimodular automorphism subgroups also possess graph height functions, but the resulting graph height functions need not be harmonic.

Group height functions, as well as the graph height functions of the previous paragraph, are non-constant harmonic functions with linear growth and an additional property of having periodic differences. The existence of such functions on Cayley graphs is a topic of interest beyond their applications in the theory of self-avoiding walks.
A Dictionary of Energy Science
Authors: Jelley Nick
Published: January 2017

Over 700 entries

This new dictionary covers terms related to energy technologies and their impact on the world’s energy use. It sets out the principles behind each technology’s operation, as well as its economic, environmental, and social impacts. Coverage includes energy demand and conservation, electricity generation and distribution, energy storage, renewable energy and fossil fuel technologies, nuclear energy, environmental issues, energy and society, and biographies of eminent energy scientists. The text is complemented by illustrations, a chronology, and global statistics on energy use.

This topical dictionary appears at a time when the development of alternative technologies to fossil fuel is particularly important in trying to limit global warming, and is significantly affected by energy policy and politics. It is an invaluable resource for students of science, geography, and economics, and for professionals in energy-related industries.
Effects of Inoculum Dose, Temperature, Cultivar, and Interrupted Leaf Wetness Period on Infection of Boxwood byCalonectria pseudonaviculata
Authors: Avenot H. F. , King C. , Edwards T. P. , Baudoin A. , Hong C. X.
Published: January 2017

Boxwood blight is an emerging disease of great concern for the ornamental horticulture industry, historic garden managers, landscapers, and homeowners. Controlled-environment experiments were conducted to determine the effects of conidial concentration, temperature, interrupted leaf wetness period, cultivar, and leaf age on infection of boxwood leaves by Calonectria pseudonaviculata. Boxwood blight incidence (BBI) increased with increasing concentration up to 2.0 × 104spores/ml. BBI also increased as temperature increased from 18 to 25°C, then declined gradually to zero at 29°C. Similar infection effects of inoculum concentration were observed in an experiment with four boxwood cultivars (‘Justin Brouwers’, ‘John Baldwin’, ‘Green Mound’, and ‘Nana’) of various degrees of susceptibility. The hypothesis that younger leaves are more susceptible than older leaves was supported for Justin Brouwers and Nana but not for Green Mound; and younger leaves of John Baldwin were less susceptible than older leaves. When inoculated plants (‘Suffruticosa’) were exposed to dry interruptions of 3 h or longer between 5 or 8 h of initial wetness and 12 h of additional wetness, these plants had significantly lower BBI compared with those exposed to continuous wetness for 20 h, and similar or at most slightly more infection than plants exposed to only the 5- or 8-h initial wetness. Continuous wetness durations beyond 20 h did not increase infection in these experiments. These results advanced our understanding of the environmental requirements of the infection process in boxwood blight development and they are essential for refining disease forecasting models.