bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Evolution of Dental Materials over the Past Century: Silver and Gold to Tooth Color and Beyond
Authors: Bayne S.C. , Ferracane J.L. , Marshall G.W. , Marshall S.J. , van Noort R.
Published: February 2019

The field of dental materials has undergone more of a revolution than an evolution over the past 100 y. The development of new products, especially in the past half century, has occurred at a staggering pace, and their introduction to the market has been equally impressive. The movement has mostly come in the area of improved esthetics, marked by the gradual replacement of dental amalgam with dental composite and all-metal and porcelain-fused-to-metal indirect restorations with reinforced dental ceramics, all made possible by the rapid improvements in dental adhesive materials. This article covers the time course of dental materials development over the past century in which the Journal of Dental Research has been published. While there have been advances in nearly all materials used in the field, this article focuses on several areas, including dental amalgam, dental composites and light curing, dental adhesives and dental cements, ceramics, and new functional repair materials. A few short statements on future advances will be included at the end.
Response of One Man of Science to Humanae Vitae
Authors: Clements Joan C. , Walsh Mary D. , Corby Paschal M.
Published: February 2019

The understanding of the full truth and beauty of the marital relationship has developed from a remedy for concupiscence (cf. 1 Cor 7:9) to “a sacrament of mutual sanctification and an act of worship” (St. John Paul II). With this development came a realization of the need to respond to the dilemma of couples who legitimately and responsibly wanted to avoid pregnancy but in fidelity to the Church’s consistent teaching against contraception. In the middle of the last century, Dr. John Billings undertook to assist in the quest to find a reliable means of preventing pregnancy, which was in accord with natural moral law. He was aided in this quest by his wife Dr. Evelyn Billings and the many couples who contributed to the research. Their discovery formed the basis of all modern methods of natural family planning. “[T]he difference, both anthropological and moral, between contraception and recourse to the rhythm of the cycle…is a difference which is much wider and deeper than is usually thought.…The choice of the natural rhythms involves accepting the cycle…and thereby accepting dialogue, reciprocal respect, shared responsibility and self-control.…In this context the couple comes to experience how conjugal communion is enriched with those values of tenderness and affection which constitute the inner soul of human sexuality, in its physical dimension also”.

Nontechnical Summary: Pope Saint Paul VI's magnificent but much misunderstood encyclical “Humanae Vitae” called on men of science “to labour to explain more thoroughly the various conditions favouring a proper regulation of births.” To doctors he asked that they “persevere in promoting on every occasion the discovery of solutions inspired by faith and right reason”. Dr John Billings and his wife, Dr Evelyn Billings, devoted their lives to answering these calls which the Holy Father also made to them in person some years after he gave his encyclical to the Church.
Opening the Black Box of Finance: North–South Investment, Political Risk, and US Military Intervention
Authors: Lee Michael J , Florea Adrian , Blarel Nicolas
Published: February 2019

In this article, we examine the foreign policy implications of different types of investment flows. North–South investment is more sensitive to political risks (expropriation, default, civil war) than North–North investment. We argue that North–South investment flows create a constituency within the US financial sector that is likely to support stabilising intervention – military intervention aimed at reducing political risk abroad. Examining political action committee donations from Fortune 500 financial firms with a cross-sectional Tobit model, we find that US financial firms with greater exposure to the Global South are likely to favour congressional candidates with a record of voting for intervention in developing countries. This study contributes to the literature on economic interdependence and peace, proposes an original method for capturing the revealed preferences of political actors, and enhances our understanding of the sectoral underpinnings of foreign policy-making.
An uncommon case of gall bladder mass: gall bladder tuberculosis
Authors: Deo Kunal Bikram , Sharma Vishal , Mandavdhare Harshal , Kumar Basher Rajender , Rohilla Manish , Singh Harjeet
Published: February 2019

Gall bladder tuberculosis (TB) is a rare entity and differentiation of gall bladder TB from gall bladder malignancy is difficult. We hereby present an unusual case of incidental diagnosis of gall bladder TB during the evaluation of a gall bladder with suspicion of gall bladder cancer in a 49-year-old woman. The diagnosis of gall bladder TB was made with fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) from the gall bladder mass as the disease was found unresectable after cross-sectional imaging. Even with the advancement of cross-sectional imaging, the differentiation of gall bladder TB from gall bladder malignancy is not possible without tissue diagnosis.
“Letting in the Light”: Jacob Riis’s Crusade for Breathing Spaces on the Lower East Side
Authors: deNoyelles Adrienne
Published: February 2019

During the twentieth century, Jacob Riis’s once-widely-acknowledged role as father of the urban small-parks movement receded in historical significance in favor of his contributions to journalism, photography, housing reform, and settlement work. This pattern overlooks the central importance that Riis himself placed on parks and playgrounds activism in his broader social agenda, at one point calling it “the logical sequel to ‘How the Other Half Lives.’” This essay examines how Riis, through his efforts to provide New York’s tenement districts with “breathing spaces,” refashioned eminent domain from a rhetorical concept into a potent tool for reformers to assert control over working-class urban spaces. It also considers the impact of these projects on the working-class denizens of Riis’s proposed park sites, who viewed their homes in a markedly different light.
Clinical Value of Tc99m-MIBI SPECT/CT Versus 4D-CT or US in Management of Patients With Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Kedarisetty Suraj , Fundakowski Christopher , Ramakrishnan Karthika , Dadparvar Simin
Published: February 2019

Localization of parathyroid adenomas for treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism can be challenging. This retrospective study compared single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT), 4D-CT, and US studies in detection of adenomas prior to surgery. A retrospective chart review was performed on all consecutive patients with parathyroid adenoma presenting to an urban tertiary care medical center. A total of 58 patients (45 female, 13 male) underwent surgery for parathyroid adenoma. Patients aged 28 to 80 years (mean: 58.8) with parathyroid hormone levels ranging from 42 to 424 pg/mL (mean: 168). All patients underwent preoperative SPECT/CT with 20 mCi technetium-99m MIBI (99mTc-MIBI). Fifty-three patients had additional US imaging and 14 patients had 4D-CT scans. Additionally, 34 patients had injection of 20 mCi 99mTc-MIBI on the day of surgery. Pathological correlation was performed. Comparing SPECT/CT versus 4D-CT resulted in sensitivity (77% vs 80%), specificity (71% vs 75%), and accuracy (77% vs 79%). Ultrasound was less sensitive with similar specificity (44%, 86%, respectively). Combination of SPECT/CT and 4D-CT increased sensitivity to 88%, specificity to 100%, and accuracy to 89%. Combining SPECT/CT with US resulted in sensitivity of 85%, specificity of 83%, and accuracy of 85%. Intraoperative localization substantially improved in patients who received preoperative injections. The SPECT/CT remains the best imaging modality for preoperative localization of parathyroid adenomas with high sensitivity. Combining SPECT/CT with US resulted in increased sensitivity and accuracy. For suspicion of ectopic cases or suspicion of unidentifiable adenoma with negative scintigraphy, addition of 4D-CT is recommended. Intraoperative localization and adjunctive imaging may improve surgical management of patients with hyperparathyroidism.
Integrating popular music and informal music learning practices: A multiple case study of secondary school music teachers enacting change in music education
Authors: Vasil Martina
Published: February 2019

The purpose of this multiple case study was to examine the practices and perspectives of four music teachers who integrated popular music and informal music learning practices into their secondary school music programs in the United States. A primary goal was to understand music teachers’ process of enacting change. Data included 16 semi-structured interviews, eight school site visits and observations, documents, and a researcher journal. Findings revealed that teachers enacted change within micro-contexts—their classrooms. Teachers had an internal locus for change; they developed rationales for change and initiated curricular changes in response to a lack of student engagement, which seemed to stem from students feeling insecure in their musical abilities and disconnected from the content and pedagogy used in music classes. For the teachers in this study, the solution was integrating popular music and informal music learning practices. Thematic analysis revealed eight characteristics of effective teacher-initiated change in secondary music education: (1) holistic and gradual change processes, (2) teacher reflection and inquiry, (3) teacher autonomy, (4) enabling institutional factors, (5) use of a variety of supportive networks, (6) student-centered pedagogy, (7) teacher-selected professional development, and (8) a balance of structure and chaos and formal and informal learning.
Does Meaningful Work Explains the Relationship Between Transformational Leadership and Innovative Work Behaviour?
Authors: Pradhan Sajeet , Jena Lalatendu Kesari
Published: February 2019

Executive Summary

Transformational leaders motivate their followers to relook their job by elevating the status of the job from being boring, repetitive and menial into something more meaningful and significant. This ascendance of employee’s job as something important and its contribution to overall organizational vision is what prompts them to engage in innovative work behaviour. Therefore, it would be interesting to test the indirect effect of transformational leadership on followers’ innovative work behaviour as mediated through followers’ perception of meaningful work.

The current study is set to serve two purposes. First, to clear the confusion regarding the findings related to transformational leadership’s influence on employee’s innovative work behaviour. Second, to investigate the mediating role of meaningful work in explaining the relationship between transformational leadership and innovative work behaviour. Data was collected from two samples, Sample I (349 executives) and Sample II (539 executives), working in two different manufacturing organizations in Eastern India.

The results of both the samples confirm that transformational leadership significantly influences employee’s innovative work behaviour. Also, the study (both Samples I and II) finds meaningful work to partially mediate the relationship between transformational leadership and employees’ innovation. In order to lend further credibility to our mediation finding, we carried out Sobel test and bootstrapping technique to strengthen our assertion.

This study replicates previous empirical investigations by exploring the relationship between transformational leadership and employee’s innovative behaviour at work in Indian manufacturing context. The study also strives to enrich the extant literature by testing the mediating role of meaningful work in explaining the relationship between transformational leadership and employee innovation.
Exploring how exchange orientation affects conflict and intimacy in the daily life of romantic couples
Authors: Jarvis Shoshana N. , McClure M. Joy , Bolger Niall
Published: February 2019

We test the hypothesis that partners’ tendency to “keep score” in a relationship—as reflected in their exchange orientation—will moderate the effect of daily conflicts on their relationship evaluations. Cohabitating romantic partners ( N = 82 couples) participated in a 28-day daily diary study. Partners higher in exchange orientation showed lower intimacy with their partner on days with conflict compared to days without conflict; the effect was attenuated for partners lower in exchange orientation. This result held even while adjusting for daily negative affect. We conclude that close monitoring of costs and benefits in a relationship, a characteristic of partners with high exchange orientation, may lead partners to overreact to simple daily conflicts, to the detriment of relationship evaluations.
Cortical atrophy and transcallosal diaschisis following isolated subcortical stroke
Authors: Cheng Bastian , Dietzmann Philipp , Schulz Robert , Boenstrup Marlene , Krawinkel Lutz , Fiehler Jens , Gerloff Christian , Thomalla Götz
Published: February 2019

Following acute ischemic stroke, isolated subcortical lesions induce gray matter atrophy in anatomically connected, yet distant cortical brain regions. We expand on previous studies by analyzing cortical thinning in contralesional, homologous regions indirectly linked to primary stroke lesions via ipsilesional cortical areas. For this purpose, stroke patients were serially studied by magnetic resonance imaging (diffusion tensor imaging and high-resolution anatomical imaging) in the acute (days 3–5) and late chronic stage one year after stroke. We analyzed changes of gray and white matter integrity in 18 stroke patients (median age 68 years) with subcortical stroke. We applied probabilistic fiber tractography to identify brain regions connected to stroke lesions and contralesional homologous areas. Cortical thickness was quantified by semi-automatic measurements, and fractional anisotropy was analyzed. One year after stroke, significant decrease of cortical thickness was detected in areas connected to ischemic lesions (mean −0.15 mm; 95% CI −0.23 to −0.07 mm) as well as homologous contralateral brain regions (mean −0.13 mm; 95% CI −0.07 to −0.19 mm). We detected reduced white matter integrity of inter- and intrahemispheric fiber tracts. There were no significant associations with clinical recovery. Our results indicate that impact of subcortical lesions extends to homologous brain areas via transcallosal diaschisis.
The dilemma of metastatic medullary thyroid carcinoma: when to start systemic treatment
Authors: Siano Marco , Alfieri Salvatore , Granata Roberta , Calareso Giuseppina , Orlandi Ester , Bergamini Cristiana , Locati Laura Deborah
Published: February 2019

Purpose:

Two tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), vandetanib and cabozantinib, have been approved for recurrent/metastatic (R/M) medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). To date, it is still debated when and which TKI has to be started in R/M MTC patients. This is due to 1) TKI-related toxicity burden, 2) no overall survival benefit for either TKI, and 3) progression-free survival improvement in MTC subgroups ( RETM918T and RAS mutations) treated with cabozantinib. Herein, we present a case of R/M MTC with a discordant disease behavior because of spontaneous regression of some parenchymal sites along with progression of bone metastases, putting into the question the best timing for starting TKIs in R/M MTC.

Methods:

We report a 46-year-old man with relapse (lymph nodes in the neck and mediastinum) after curative treatment (total thyroidectomy plus central compartment and right neck dissection) for a locally advanced MTC with only somatic RETM918T mutation. Considering the low tumor burden, absence of symptoms, as well as the potential TKI-related side effects, we decided not to start systemic therapy when metastases first appeared.

Results:

Some lymph nodes spontaneously regressed, while new symptomatic bone lesions appeared with need for palliative radiotherapy. In total, first-line systemic therapy (cabozantinib) was started after 2 years since first distant metastases appearance.

Conclusions:

Radiologic progression of disease alone seems not to be adequate for MTC patients’ selection to be treated. The progression rate, the tumor burden, and the site of disease should also be taken into account for the clinical decision process.
The chronostratigraphic method is unsuitable for determining the start of the Anthropocene
Authors: Edgeworth Matt , Ellis Erle C , Gibbard Philip , Neal Cath , Ellis Michael
Published: February 2019

This paper responds to and supports the earlier ‘Three Flaws’ paper by William Ruddiman (this journal, 2018). It builds upon his critique of the method used by the Anthropocene Working Group in determining the start date of the Anthropocene. While chronostratigraphy is acknowledged as the best means of establishing a framework for the division of deep time – on geological timescales of millions of years – it is argued that the method is unsuitable for use on archaeological and historical timescales. Close proximity in time between the chronostratigraphic observer and the stratigraphic boundary in question renders the placement of a precisely defined, globally synchronous timeline onto highly time-transgressive evidence inappropriate on these scales of analysis. Application of the method hinders rather than helps understanding of the role of human impact on Earth System change; it leads to a loss of the bigger picture and to relative neglect of the crucial evidence provided by humanly modified ground – the missing strata in most chronostratigraphic accounts of the Anthropocene start. A more ground-up approach is called for. Recognition of humans as geological agents needs to be accompanied by recognition of the distinctive traces of human agency in the ground, which are unprecedented in the stratigraphic records of earlier geological time periods.
Experimental investigation of shear band and shear strain field evolution during blanking of AA6082 sheet
Authors: Sonkamble Vijayalaxmi , Dhondapure Prashant , Narasimhan K , Tewari Asim
Published: February 2019

Interrupted blanking experiments were performed to study the deformation behavior of AA6082 (T6) sheets. An intentional asymmetry was introduced by having the punch and the die of different edge radii. High-resolution microstructural montages of sheet cross-section were used to experimentally measure the shear strain field during each interrupted blanking experiment. This provided a comprehensive experimentally measured spatial–temporal shear strain field for the blanking process. The shear strain was found to be high and localized at the top and bottom surfaces of the sheet which was in contact with the punch and the die. The shear strain was observed to monotonically reduce and get diffused at the interior of the sheet. The strain distribution was also calculated by finite element simulations and found to be in good agreement with the experimentally measured strain distributions. However, the peak strains predicted by the finite element simulations were always marginally lower than those observed by the experimental observations.
Financialization and Neoliberalism and the Fall in the Labor Share: A Panel Data Econometric Analysis for the European Union Countries
Authors: Barradas Ricardo
Published: February 2019

This paper conducts an empirical analysis of the relationship between financialization and neoliberalism and the labor share using panel data composed of twenty-seven European Union countries over nineteen years (from 1995 to 2013). Adopting a Kaleckian perspective, framed in the post-Keynesian literature, financialization and neoliberalism exert a negative influence on the labor share through three different channels: the change in the sectorial composition of economies (the increasing importance of financial activity and the decreasing importance of general government activity), the proliferation of shareholder value orientation, and the deterioration of general workers’ bargaining power. We estimate a labor share equation with the traditional variables (lagged labor share, technological progress, globalization, education, and output growth) and four further measures of financialization and neoliberalism (financial activity, general government activity, shareholder value orientation, and the trade union density rate). The findings show a disruptive relationship between financialization and neoliberalism and the labor share in European Union countries, mainly through the channels of general government activity and shareholder value orientation. It is also found that financialization and neoliberalism have contributed to a fall in the labor share in European Union countries. The technological progress was the main driver of the fall in the labor share in European Union countries, while the output growth was the main supporter. This suggests that the trend of decline in the labor share could intensify in the future taking into account the fears of potential secular stagnation in the current era of financialization and neoliberalism.

JEL Classification: C23, D33, E25, E44
The Mind: Discipleship that Forms the Thoughts of Christians—Reflections on Dallas Willard’s Thinking on the Mind (Thoughts)
Authors: Yount Rick
Published: February 2019

Renovation of the heart presents Dallas Willard’s vision for spiritual (trans)formation. He defines six essential components of human existence: Will/Heart/Spirit, the Mind (Thoughts) and Mind (Feelings), the Body, the Social, and the Soul, which organizes components into a single person. This article analyzes Willard’s view of Mind (Thoughts), the rational and most important component of personhood, for spiritual growth. Implications of ideas, images, information, and the ability to think are made in connection with life-long, intentional, and consistent discipleship. Willard’s biblical/philosophical approach to formation is contrasted with Christian educators’ biblical/psychological approaches. Finally, nine applications of Willard’s conception of Mind (Thoughts) are defined and illustrated for use in the provision of practical opportunities for spiritual formation from local churches, to seminary classrooms, to mission stations around the world.
A Proof-of-Principle, Case-Control Study to Compensate for Potential Carbohydrates in Liquid Antiseizure Drugs in Children on the Ketogenic Diet
Authors: Haney Courtney A. , Charpentier Anita , Turner Zahava , Bessone Stacey K. , Doerrer Sarah C. , Kossoff Eric H.
Published: February 2019

Introduction:

Since its creation, patients on ketogenic diet are told to avoid liquid medications due to theoretical concerns of “hidden” carbohydrates. However, switching from liquid to tablet formulations can be problematic, especially for infants and young children. We theorized that increasing the daily ketogenic ratio might compensate for liquid antiseizure drug carbohydrates.

Methods:

Two tables were created (for 3:1 and 4:1 ketogenic ratios), with variables including daily volume of antiseizure drugs and calories. Cases were those who had their ratio increased and liquid medications continued. Children already on tablet formulations, emergency situations, were primarily those included as controls.

Results:

From May 2016 through August 2018, 59 children (33 cases and 26 controls) ages 0.3-14 years were started on the classic ketogenic diet. Compensated antiseizure drugs most commonly included levetiracetam, clobazam, and valproate (mean volume 16 mL/d (range: 3-62 mL/d)). Adjusted ratios for younger children and infants on a 3:1 diet ranged from 3.1 to 3.5:1 and older children on a 4:1 diet from 4.2 to 4.7:1. There was no difference between cases and controls in achieving large ketosis (76% vs 77%), weight gain (1.4 vs 1.2 kg), 1 month >50% seizure reduction (52% vs 50%), or >90% seizure reduction (30% vs 35%). Four (12%) cases had zero or small urinary ketosis, which improved when antiseizure drugs were switched to tablets or discontinued.

Conclusions:

This proof-of-principle study demonstrates feasibility of compensating for carbohydrates in liquid medications by increases in the daily ketogenic ratio. This ratio adjustment protocol may help ease an already complex adjustment to dietary therapy.
Untangling Truth, Facts, and Opinions: Why Simple Tenets of Science Have Become Uneasy
Authors: Terry Paul E.
Published: February 2019

TIME magazine selected “The Guardians and the War on Truth” as their 2018 “Person of the Year.” Journalists everywhere urge us to remember writer Jamal Khashoggi’s murder as a harsh testament to the risks of speaking truth to power. But Khashoggi was a perceived threat to a totalitarian government, surely truth is more respected in America, right? Suggest that to the Columbia University School of Law who built a “silencing science tracker” to document “government attempts to restrict or prohibit scientific research, education or discussion.” In this editorial, I argue that researchers who publish their scientific findings in peer-reviewed journals must also embrace the role of “guardians” against the growing assaults on science. In an era where the majority of Americans get their health information via social media, our challenge as scientists is to transcend our basic calling as truth seekers and truth tellers. Closely aligned with this truth guardian’s work in health promotion is the True Health Initiative, a cohort of renowned scientists dedicated to offering “clarity over confusion”; they “work to spread the fundamental evidence and consensus-based truths about lifestyle as medicine.” When purveyors of falsehoods have such unfettered channels as they do today, my hope for scientists and for this journal is that we grow our ambitions relating to curating facts, authoritative dissemination, and persuasive communications alongside our usual work of learning and teaching.
Thermal energy analysis on liquid desiccant air conditioning system at different desiccant solution parameters
Authors: Siva Kumar Reddy Y , Balasubramanian Karthik , Chandramohan VP
Published: February 2019

Selection of suitable liquid desiccant operating parameters plays a significant role in the design of energy efficient liquid desiccant air conditioning system. To achieve same dehumidification rate from ambient air, different combinations of solution parameters (heat capacity ratio, concentration, and vapor pressure) could be employed in the system. Considering dehumidifier air inlet condition and dehumidification rates are fixed, an analytical study is carried out on the thermal energy analysis of the system at different solution operating parameters. Operating parameters considered in this study are solution concentrations ( Cs = 0.25, 0.3, 0.35 and 0.40) and heat capacity ratios ([Formula: see text] = 2.5, 3, 4 and 5). Control volume which includes a pair of air and solution channels (half width channels) of full scale liquid-to-air membrane energy exchangers (LAMEE) has been chosen to analyze the energy transfer between air and solution. The results indicate system requires lesser chiller load ( Qchiller) at high concentration and low heat capacity ratio ( Cs = 0.40 and [Formula: see text] = 2.5) which is 0.29 kW to achieve 0.61 kW cooling load. This is 99% lesser than the Qchiller at high concentration and high heat capacity ratio ( Cs = 0.40 and [Formula: see text] = 5) and 30% lesser than the Qchiller at low concentration and low heat capacity ratio ( Cs = 0.25 and [Formula: see text] = 2.5). Solution heat addition rate ( Qadd) per kW cooling capacity ( Qcc) at this solution condition is found as 0.85 kW.
Unconscious Detection of One’s Own Image
Authors: Wójcik Michał J. , Nowicka Maria M. , Bola Michał , Nowicka Anna
Published: February 2019

A key mechanism behind preferential processing of self-related information might be an early and automatic capture of attention. Therefore, the present study tested a hypothesis that one’s own face will attract bottom-up attention even without conscious identification. To test this, we used a dot-probe paradigm with electrophysiological recordings, in which participants ( N = 18) viewed masked and unmasked pairs of faces (other, self) presented laterally. Analysis of the sensitivity measure d ′ indicated that faces were not consciously identified in the masked condition. A clear N2 posterior-contralateral (N2pc) component (a neural marker of attention shifts) was found in both the masked and unmasked conditions, revealing that one’s own face automatically captures attention when processed unconsciously. Therefore, our study (a) demonstrates that self-related information is boosted at an early (preconscious) stage of processing, (b) identifies further features (beyond simple physical ones) that cause automatic attention capture, and (c) provides further evidence for the dissociative nature of attention and consciousness.
Estimating trends in the incidence rate with interval censored data and time-dependent covariates
Authors: Vandormael Alain , Tanser Frank , Cuadros Diego , Dobra Adrian
Published: February 2019

We propose a multiple imputation method for estimating the incidence rate with interval censored data and time-dependent (and/or time-independent) covariates. The method has two stages. First, we use a semi-parametric G-transformation model to estimate the cumulative baseline hazard function and the effects of the time-dependent (and/or time-independent covariates) on the interval censored infection times. Second, we derive the participant's unique cumulative distribution function and impute infection times conditional on the covariate values. To assess performance, we simulated infection times from a Cox proportional hazards model and induced interval censoring by varying the testing rate, e.g., participants test 100%, 75%, 50% of the time, etc. We then compared the incidence rate estimates from our G-imputation approach with single random-point and mid-point imputation. By comparison, our G-imputation approach gave more accurate incidence rate estimates and appropriate standard errors for models with time-independent covariates only, time-dependent covariates only, and a mixture of time-dependent and time-independent covariates across various testing rates. We demonstrate, for the first time, a multiple imputation approach for incidence rate estimation with interval censored data and time-dependent (and/or time-independent) covariates.
Fine position control of a vehicle maintenance lift system using a hydraulic unit activated by magnetorheological valves
Authors: Lee Tae-Hoon , Shin Sang-Un , Cha Seung-Woo , Choi Seung-Bok
Published: February 2019

This work presents a new concept of fine position control of vehicle lift systems used for maintenance services, to facilitate specialized tasks such as height balancing of tilted vehicles. The research goal is accomplished by utilizing a controllable hydraulic circuit associated with magnetorheological valves. After establishing the required dynamic forces and position control range of the vehicle’s lift system, a two-coil type of magnetorheological valve is designed with consideration of the field-dependent properties of the magnetorheological fluid and the magnetic flux intensity, which is analyzed using the finite element method. Magnetorheological valves are then manufactured and the pressure drops are evaluated as a function of the input current (magnetic field). A hydraulic circuit with magnetorheological valves is formulated to control the height of the lift with an accuracy of ±1 mm with a load of 2000 kg on the each lifts. It is experimentally demonstrated that ramp and sinusoidal positions (or height) are well tracked within the targeted accuracy by controlling the magnetorheological valves. In addition, it is shown that the tilted position of the loaded vehicle with an eccentric mass placed on the lift is well controlled showing the balanced height.
Asymmetric Bouc–Wen hysteresis modeling and inverse compensation for piezoelectric actuator via a genetic algorithm–based particle swarm optimization identification algorithm
Authors: Zhang Quan , Dong Yichong , Peng Yan , Luo Jun , Xie Shaorong , Pu Huayan
Published: February 2019

The hysteresis characteristics, which commonly existed in smart materials–based actuators, play a significant role in precision control technology. In this article, a modified Bouc–Wen model which can describe the asymmetric hysteresis characteristics of piezoelectric ceramic actuators is investigated. The corresponding parameters of the modified Bouc–Wen hysteresis model are identified through a genetic algorithm–based particle swarm optimization algorithm. Compared with independent particle swarm optimization method which is easily trapped in the local extremum, the proposed genetic algorithm–based particle swarm optimization features the strong searching ability both in early global search period and the later local search period. The experimental results show that the asymmetric Bouc–Wen model identified via genetic algorithm–based particle swarm optimization algorithm are more accurate than that identified through independent particle swarm optimization or genetic algorithm approach, and the maximum displacement error and the maximum relative error between the genetic algorithm–based particle swarm optimization model and the experimental value are 0.20 µm and 14.28%, respectively, which are much smaller than that of particle swarm optimization method with 0.67 µm and 47.85% and genetic algorithm method with 0.35 µm and 25%. In order to further verify the accuracy of the identified model, the hysteresis compensation of piezoelectric ceramic actuator was realized using the feedforward controller based on the inverse Bouc–Wen model.
Collectivistic Independence Promotes Group Creativity by Reducing Idea Fixation
Authors: Choi Hoon-Seok , Seo Jeong-Gil , Hyun Jeewon , Bechtoldt Myriam
Published: February 2019

The present study examined the joint impact of collectivistic value orientation and independent self-representation of group members upon group creativity. In a laboratory experiment involving three-person student teams ( N = 72), we induced a collectivistic (vs. an individualistic) value orientation and independent (vs. interdependent) self-representation via priming methods. Using a group-brainstorming paradigm, we found as expected that groups generated more original ideas when members combined a collectivistic value orientation with independent self-representation than with interdependent self-representation. By contrast, differences in self-representation did not have a significant effect when an individualistic value orientation was made salient. Furthermore, we found that this effect was mediated by the degree of idea fixation within the group, thereby illuminating the underlying cognitive mechanism of the observed synergy effect. Implications of the findings for research on group creativity and future directions are discussed.
The Effectiveness of Neurofeedback in an Outpatient Setting: A Multilevel Modeling Approach
Authors: Ward Kaitlin P. , Porter Nathan A. , Wood David S.
Published: February 2019

Purpose:

Neurofeedback is an increasingly common therapeutic intervention for mental disorders. Most of the existent neurofeedback via electroencephalography (EEG-nf) research uses controlled studies to examine whether EEG-nf is an efficacious treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Less is known regarding the effectiveness of EEG-nf in clinical settings for symptoms other than ADHD. The purpose of this study was to examine whether EEG-nf sessions were associated with a reduction in hyperactivity, emotional dysregulation, anxiety, and depression symptoms.

Method:

Multilevel growth curve models were used to analyze secondary data from 83 EEG-nf patients from an outpatient clinic.

Results:

EEG-nf sessions were associated with a decrease in mental disorder symptoms generally, but this trend slowed over time.

Discussion:

Findings suggest that practitioners should adhere to a relatively brief (approximately 30 sessions) EEG-nf protocol. Findings also encourage more research dedicated to examining the effectiveness of EEG-nf on a variety of mental health symptoms treated in community settings.
Repositioning: New Storylines for Preschool Teachers and Children With Developmental Delays
Authors: Marchbank Alison M.
Published: February 2019

In Australia, the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) was rolled out in pilot sites in 2013. This article reports a formative study conducted with qualified preschool teachers in one site in a context of change. The NDIS has been hailed in the media as a bold move to deliver more choice of services to people with disabilities and incorporates the delivery of early intervention (EI) services into its portfolio. As established EI agencies became providers for the scheme, local referral networks changed substantially. Children needed to establish eligibility for the scheme prior to families’ entry. Fourteen preschool teachers responded to an online survey, and four opted in for this study, which used positioning theory and a constructivist approach. Online surveys and interviews were conducted in 2 months at the end of the 3-year pilot phase. Findings suggest that teachers detecting developmental delays (DDs) in 4-year-old children needed to reposition themselves away from the rights and duties of the developmental expert to develop timely collaborative relationships with parents if the dominant storylines of early detection, medical confirmation, and the benefits of EI for families were to remain in the foreground.
Stochastic modeling for hysteretic bit–rock interaction of a drill string under torsional vibrations
Authors: Real Fabio F. , Batou Anas , Ritto Thiago G. , Desceliers Christophe
Published: February 2019

This paper aims at constructing a stochastic model for the hysteretic behavior of the nonlinear bit–rock interaction of a drill string under torsional vibrations. The proposed model takes into account the fluctuations of the stick–slip oscillations observed during the drilling process. These fluctuations are modeled by introducing a stochastic process associated with the variations of the torque on bit, which is a function of the bit speed. The parameters of the stochastic model are calibrated with field data. The response of the proposed stochastic model, considering the random bit–rock interaction, is analyzed, and statistics related to the stability of the drill string are estimated.
A new fast and calibration-free method for footstep impact localization in an instrumented floor
Authors: Alajlouni Sa'ed , Tarazaga Pablo
Published: February 2019

Impact localization in a floor is complicated due to the dispersion-caused distortion of the generated floor waves. Current localization methods that try to overcome the dispersion problem are computationally expensive, taking in some cases 2 seconds to yield a single footstep location estimate. If an accelerometer sensor network is utilized to localize footsteps, and consequently track an occupant's path, then there is a need for computationally fast algorithms that are able to keep up with the walking (or running) impact frequency; therefore, in this paper, a practical algorithm is proposed for footstep impact localization in an instrumented floor. The proposed algorithm has promising sub-meter localization accuracy and is computationally fast. In addition, the algorithm does not require estimation of floor-dependent parameters, which is an additional advantage since estimating floor-dependent parameters in a floor will have relatively high uncertainty as the floor cannot be treated as an isotropic/homogeneous material. The proposed algorithm is evaluated using simulations and an experiment in an operational smart building.
The Pragmatic Language Skills of Severely Neglected 42-Month-Old Children: Results of the ELLAN Study
Authors: Di Sante Mélissa , Sylvestre Audette , Bouchard Caroline , Leblond Jean
Published: February 2019

The goals of this study were twofold: (1) to compare the pragmatic language skills (i.e., social communication skills) of 42-month-old neglected children with those of same-aged non-neglected children and (2) to measure the prevalence of pragmatic difficulties among the neglected children. The study sample was composed of 45 neglected and 95 non-neglected 42-month-old French-speaking children. The Language Use Inventory: French (LUI-French) was completed with all parents. This measure, comprised of 159 scored items divided into 10 subscales, was used to assess the children’s pragmatic skills. The 10th percentile on the LUI-French (95% confidence interval ) was used to identify children with pragmatic difficulties. The neglected children had lower scores than the non-neglected children on all 10 dimensions of pragmatics evaluated ( p < .01), as well as lower LUI-French Total Scores ( p < .001). The effect sizes of these differences varied between 0.84 and 2.78. Forty-four percent of the neglected children presented significant pragmatic difficulties compared to 4.2% of their non-neglected peers ( p < .001). It can be concluded that exposure to neglect significantly compromises children’s pragmatic skills. These results support the need for interventions geared toward neglected children and their families to support the early development of their pragmatic skills.
Unsettling Gadamerian Hermeneutic Inquiry: Engaging the Colonial Difference
Authors: Kerr Jeannie
Published: February 2019

This article is an exploration of the opportunities and limitations of engaging Gadamerian philosophical hermeneutics in interpretation of Indigenous scholarly texts, and the complications of a non-Indigenous scholar doing this work. Through highlighting the challenges of my Settler positionality and colonial dynamics in a specific inquiry project, I argue that Gadamerian hermeneutics provides opportunities for self-reflexive textual analysis. I also note the problematics wherein Gadamer universalizes particular Western ontological assumptions in his theorizing. I share the ways I unsettled Gadamerian hermeneutics through engaging with the “colonial difference.” To illustrate the possibilities, I share a framework that I developed through the scholarship of Indigenous scholar Michael Marker to engage the ontological priorities of Indigenous scholarly texts in place. I share this work in the hopes of influencing broader engagement with decolonial practices in hermeneutic inquiry.
Evaluation of the impact of thyroiditis development in patients receiving immunotherapy with programmed cell death-1 inhibitors
Authors: Lei Matthew , Michael Angela , Patel Seema , Wang Ding
Published: February 2019

Purpose

We evaluated if the development of thyroiditis in patients who received treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors across various tumor types was associated with tumor response.

Methods

In this retrospective, single-center, cross-sectional study, patients with various tumor types who received treatment with nivolumab or pembrolizumab as standard of care were evaluated. The primary endpoint was to evaluate the objective response rate in patients who developed thyroiditis compared with patients who did not develop thyroiditis. Secondary endpoints included disease control rate, progression-free survival, and overall survival.

Results

One hundred and three patients were included for analysis with a median follow-up duration of 12.8 months (range, 4.0–21.6). The data cutoff was 31 December 2016. The objective response rate was 38.2% among the 34 patients in the thyroiditis group and 17.4% in the 69 patients in the non-thyroiditis group (p = 0.028). Progression-free survival was longer in the thyroiditis group than in the non-thyroiditis group. The median progression-free survival was 10.1 months (95% CI, 1.6–18.5) in the thyroiditis group and 3.7 months (95% CI, 2.5–4.9) in the non-thyroiditis group (hazard ratio, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.27–0.76; p = 0.002).

Conclusion

Patients with various tumor types who received treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors and developed thyroiditis had a higher objective response rate than those who did not develop thyroiditis. The development of thyroiditis should be investigated further in the context of prospective randomized trials as a surrogate marker for tumor response to treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies.
Rate of strokes 1 year after retinal artery occlusion with analysis of risk groups
Authors: Leisser Christoph , Findl Oliver
Published: February 2019

Background:

The risk of developing stroke after retinal artery occlusion was reported to be increased. The aim of our study was to assess the rate of strokes/transitory ischemic attacks after retinal artery occlusion in a European population and to identify the risk groups.

Methods:

All patients, diagnosed with branch or central retinal artery occlusion at our outpatient department since 2014, were asked to participate in this prospective case–control study. At the initial examination, the medical history was documented and 1 year after retinal artery occlusion, patients were called by telephone interview for assessment of the rate of strokes/transitory ischemic attack in the follow-up period.

Results:

In all, 30 eyes of 30 patients could be included. Among these, six patients had a stroke, one a transitory ischemic attack, and one an amaurosis fugax in the medical history before retinal artery occlusion. In the period 1 year after retinal artery occlusion, one patient had a re-stroke and one patient had a transitory ischemic attack, with amaurosis fugax in the medical history. Rates of strokes/transitory ischemic attack before and after retinal artery occlusion did not show significant differences between branch and central artery occlusion.

Conclusion:

The number of strokes/transitory ischemic attacks within the first year is relatively low after retinal artery occlusion and patients that already had a previous stroke, transitory ischemic attack, and/or amaurosis fugax before retinal artery occlusion seem to have a higher risk for a cerebrovascular event after retinal artery occlusion.
Neat in theory, entangled in praxis: A practice perspective on the social notion of collective reflection in organisations
Authors: Gutzan Simone , Tuckermann Harald
Published: February 2019

Although scholars have begun theorising the social notion of collective reflection in organisations, empirical studies illustrating these often neat theoretical conceptualisations are still rare. Based on a longitudinal case study (the introduction of lean production at an emergency care unit), we address this need by applying a practice approach. Collective reflection in the present empirical case is manifold: it is characterised by several activities, each serving a specific purpose and enacted according to different temporal rhythms. Our inductive theorising broadens the theoretical conceptualisation of collective reflection in organisations. We propose value creation as a ‘point of reference’, in order to account for what exactly actors step back from when collectively reflecting. We found that collectively reflecting in organising means creating multiple local co-presences. We suggest that the current conceptualisation of collective reflection as a discursive practice itself calls for empirical substantiation.