bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Instability model of water–steam–liquid metal three-phase jet flow during steam generator tube rupture accident in a fast reactor
Authors: Bao Ruiqi , Liu Li , Yuan Junjie , Gu Hanyang , Zhao Pengcheng
Published: February 2025

The steam generator tube rupture (SGTR) accident in a lead-cooled fast reactor (LFR) results in an injection of high-pressure subcooled water from the secondary circuit into the high-temperature liquid lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) pool in the primary loop. Rapid depressurization and phase-change heat transfer generate the steam between the water jet and liquid LBE. Based on jet instability theory, this study develops a temporal instability model focusing on the water–steam–liquid LBE three-phase flow in a cylindrical coordinate to investigate the breakup characteristics of water jet. By introducing velocity and pressure disturbances and adopting a linear assumption to the hydrodynamic governing equations, a dispersion equation is developed, and jet characteristic parameters are then defined. The effects of various operating parameters and key dimensionless numbers are further studied. By solving the dispersion equation, it is found that smaller steam film thickness and higher steam velocity enhance jet instability. Increasing jet velocity and reducing jet radius accelerate jet breakup and promote droplet refinement, while at higher jet velocities, the influence of jet radius diminishes. Additionally, the co-flow of LBE with the jet and the viscosity effect of LBE both stabilize the water jet. This model enables quantitative prediction of the breakup behavior of water jets in liquid LBE during the initial stage of SGTR accident, aiming to reveal the fundamental mechanisms of the physical process and provide theoretical guidance for safety analysis of LFR.
Multiscale modeling of nanofluid flow and enhanced heat transfer via a computational fluid dynamics–discrete element coupled approach
Authors: Chang Haisu , Wang Xiaodong , Ouyang Jie
Published: February 2025

A new multiscale model, which directly considers the interaction between the macroscopic continuous base fluid phase and the microscopic discrete nanoparticle phase, is proposed to analyze the nanofluid flow and enhanced heat transfer. At the macroscale, the flow and heat transfer of nanofluids are modeled by the nonisothermal Navier–Stokes equations under the Eulerian framework. At the microscale, the motion and thermal state of each nanoparticle are governed by a group of ordinary differential equations derived from the Newton's second law and energy balance law under the Lagrangian framework. The models at different scales are coupled together through both interaction force and thermal parameters. To reduce the cost in calculating the interaction force between the two phases, the discrete element method is used. Compared to the existing models, the primary novelties of the present model are twofold. First, the collisions between nanoparticles and between nanoparticles and solid walls are considered to count the heat migration and exchange caused by collisions. Second, the effective thermal conductivity is calculated locally, which establishes the dependence of thermal conductivity on the local spatial distribution of nanoparticles. It is no doubt that these considerations will make the new model more realistic and accurate. To solve the model efficiently, a stable, accurate and decoupled numerical solver is designed by using the finite element method and characteristic-based split scheme. Numerical results show good accuracy of the proposed model and corresponding solver. In particularly, for the nonuniform nanoparticle distribution, the new method has an incomparable advantage over other methods.
Research on the mechanism of multiphase pump pressurization failure process under stratified boundary conditions
Authors: Zhou Juping , Han Wei , Li Rennian
Published: February 2025

The helical-axial multiphase pump, as a crucial power device in oil and gas extraction and transportation, has been extensively and profoundly researched. However, the effects of unconventional boundary behaviors on pump performance and internal flow mechanisms remain insufficiently understood, creating significant obstacles to the optimization design of the helical-axial multiphase pump. This study first confirms the existence of stratified inflow through visualization experiments, and then employs numerical simulations with stratified flow as the boundary condition for analyzing the helical-axial multiphase pump. The results indicate that stratified inflow has a markedly adverse impact on both pump head and efficiency; notably, at a gas volume fraction of 30%, the pump head decreases from 7.29 m to 1.67 m. The underlying mechanisms can be elucidated through changes in pressure distribution and velocity along the impeller streamlines. Stratified inflow causes the pressure curve to transition from a parabolic shape to an approximately linear configuration, leading to the presence of a cis-pressure gradient at the leading edge of the impeller, which results in unnecessary energy losses. Based on the impeller channel velocity distribution, it captures the presence of undesirable channel phenomena such as fluid roll-up and reflow in the low velocity region of the impeller. This research provides a detailed discussion of the overall impact of stratified inflow boundary behavior on pump performance, and the findings offer essential data for understanding failure mechanisms and optimizing the design of helical-axial multiphase pumps.
Contribution of the stochastic force to the first moment of a system due to the interaction with another system
Authors: Fa Kwok Sau
Published: February 2025

There are stochastic systems in which the stochastic force is not involved in the first moment description. However, interaction with another system may make the stochastic force contribute to the description of the first moment. The contribution to the first moment may still be appreciable even for a small interaction parameter value. Two coupled modified Verhulst population growth models are employed to show that the first moment may still be appreciable even for small interaction parameter values.
Ultrasonic scattering measurements of jet gas–liquid interface fluctuations in confined spaces
Authors: Liu Xiaokang , Yu Xiaoyu , Yu Xudong , Chen Jiangchang , Li Jingxuan , Yang Lijun
Published: February 2025

Determining jet gas–liquid interfaces in liquid rocket engines is crucial for understanding the mechanisms underlying combustion instabilities. While optical diagnostic methods are commonly employed, they become ineffective when optical access is restricted. In such cases, ultrasonic techniques provide a viable alternative. The present study develops an ultrasonic method to detect jet gas–liquid interfaces in a confined chamber based on ultrasonic scattering principles. The fluctuations of the water jet's gas–liquid interface are precisely captured using this method and validated against high-speed optical imaging. For the optical method, sub-pixel boundary extraction is used to obtain the jet interfaces, while for ultrasonic signal processing, we extract the pulsed scattered waves generated by the jet in the confined space. The experimental results align well with theoretical predictions. Additionally, to facilitate accurate measurement of gas–liquid interface fluctuations, we create a database of ultrasonic scattering results using a set of metal rods to model the liquid jet. This enables high-frequency, high-precision measurements of jet interface fluctuations using ultrasonics. A comparison between the ultrasonic and optical methods reveals a mean measurement error of 70 μ m (3.45% mean relative error) and a maximum error of 250 μ m (12.6% maximum relative error), with the ultrasonic method offering a temporal resolution of 1 kHz. This proposed method provides a novel solution for measuring two-phase flow parameters in confined environments where optical access is limited.
A new leaf species of Proteaceae and other Gondwanan elements from the early Paleogene Lota–Coronel flora of south–central Chile
Authors: Carpenter Raymond J. , McLoughlin Stephen
Published: February 2025

Leaf fossils collected in 1908 from the Arauco–Concepción Coal Measures of Chile (the Lota–Coronel flora) during a Swedish expedition to southern South America are formally assigned to the important Gondwanan family Proteaceae as Proteaceaefolia araucoensis R.J.Carp. & McLoughlin gen. nov., sp. nov. This is the oldest South American record of macrofossils that can be assigned to Proteaceae with confidence due to the likelihood of the age dating to the latest Paleocene. The fossils lack cuticle but the large, lobed and minutely toothed form is consistent only with extant species of the subfamily Grevilleoideae (notably, Orites excelsus R.Br.) that are confined to eastern Australian rainforests. A new assessment of the Swedish Lota–Coronel collection and review of previous palynological and macrofossil studies, also provide evidence of the strong biogeographic connection that existed between southern South America and Australasia during the early Paleogene, and contradict a traditional view that several Chilean floras of this age consist wholly or largely of Neotropical taxa. Notable austral taxa include Casuarinaceae (as abundant pollen), diverse Podocarpaceae (as both foliage and pollen) and likely Cunoniaceae (leaves). No taxa with clearly Neotropical nearest living relatives have been found to date, but previous conclusions for a warm and very wet early Paleogene climate are supported.
Broad-spectrum tolerance to disinfectant-mediated bacterial killing due to mutation of the PheS aminoacyl tRNA synthetase
Authors: Chen Miaomiao , Cui Runbo , Hong Shouqiang , Zhu Weiwei , Yang Qiong , Li Jiahao , Nie Zihan , Zhang Xue , Ye Yanghui , Xue Yunxin , Wang Dai , Hong Yuzhi , Drlica Karl , Niu Jianjun , Zhao Xilin
Published: February 2025

Disinfectants are essential tools for controlling infectious diseases and maintaining sterile conditions in many medical and food-industry settings. Recent work revealed that a deficiency in the carbohydrate phosphotransferase system (PTS) confers pan-tolerance to killing by diverse disinfectant types through its interaction with the cAMP-CRP regulatory network. The present work characterized a pan-tolerance mutant obtained by enrichment using phenol as a lethal probe and an
Escherichia coli
PTS null mutant as a parental strain. The resulting super-pan-tolerant mutant, which harbored an F158C substitution in PheS, inhibited bacterial killing by multiple disinfectant classes with surprisingly little effect on antimicrobial lethality. The PheS substitution, which was expected to lower substrate recognition efficiency and result in deacylated tRNA
phe
occupying the ribosomal A site, activated
relA
expression and synthesis of ppGpp, even in the absence of disinfectant exposure. ppGpp, along with DksA, increased RpoS function by activating promoters of
dsrA
and
iraP
, two genes whose products increase the expression and stability of RpoS. Subsequently, RpoS upregulated the expression of genes encoding a universal stress protein (UspB) and an oxidative stress peroxidase (KatE), which preconditioned bacteria to better survive a variety of disinfectants. Disinfectant-mediated accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and bacterial killing were abolished/reduced by exogenous dimethyl sulfoxide and by a PheS F158C substitution up-regulating genes encoding ROS-detoxifying enzymes (
katE, sodA, oxyR, ahpC
). These data identify a
pheS
mutation-triggered, ppGpp-stimulated transcriptional regulatory cascade that negates biocide-mediated lethality, thereby tying the stringent response to protection from ROS-mediated biocide lethality.
Evidence for domain-general arousal from semantic and neuroimaging meta-analyses reconciles opposing views on arousal
Authors: Sabat Magdalena , de Dampierre Charles , Tallon-Baudry Catherine
Published: February 2025

Arousal refers to changes in brain-body state underpinning motivated behavior but lacks a proper definition and taxonomy. Neuroscience and psychology textbooks offer surprisingly different views on what arousal is, from a global brain-wide modulation of neuronal activity to a multidimensional construct, with specific brain-body patterns tuned to a given situation. The huge number of scientific articles mentioning arousal (~50,000) highlights the importance of the concept but also explains why such a vast literature has never been systematically reviewed so far. Here, we leverage the tools of natural language processing to probe the nature of arousal in a data-driven, comprehensive manner. We show that arousal comes in seven varieties: cognitive, emotional, physiological, sexual, related to stress disorders, to sleep, or to sleep disorders. We then ask whether domain-general arousal exists at the cortical level, and run meta-analyses of the brain imaging literature to reveal that all varieties of arousal, except arousal in sleep disorders for lack of data, converge onto a cortical network composed of the presupplementary motor area and the left and right dorsal anterior insula. More precisely, we find that activity in dysgranular insular area 7 (Jülich atlas), the region with the highest convergence across varieties of arousal, is also specifically associated with arousal. The domain-general arousal network might trigger the reorganization of large-scale brain networks—a global mechanism—resulting in a context-specific configuration—in line with the multidimensional view. Future taxonomies of arousal refining the alignment between concepts and data should include domain-general arousal as a central component.
Co-zorbs: Motile, multispecies biofilms aid transport of diverse bacterial species
Authors: Magesh Shruthi , Schrope Jonathan H. , Soto Nayanna Mercado , Li Chao , Hurley Amanda I. , Huttenlocher Anna , Beebe David J. , Handelsman Jo
Published: February 2025

Biofilms are three-dimensional structures containing one or more bacterial species embedded in extracellular polymeric substances. Although most biofilms are stationary,
Flavobacterium johnsoniae
forms a motile spherical biofilm called a zorb, which is propelled by its base cells and contains a polysaccharide core. Here, we report the formation of spatially organized, motile, multispecies biofilms, designated “co-zorbs,” that are distinguished by a core–shell structure.
F. johnsoniae
forms zorbs whose cells collect other bacterial species and transport them to the zorb core, forming a co-zorb. Live imaging revealed that co-zorbs also form in zebrafish, thereby demonstrating a different type of bacterial movement in vivo. This finding opens different avenues for understanding community behaviors, the role of biofilms in bulk bacterial transport, and collective strategies for microbial success in various environments.
Translation elongation defects activate the
Caenorhabditis elegans
ZIP-2 bZIP transcription factor–mediated toxin defense
Authors: Kniazeva Marina , Ruvkun Gary
Published: February 2025

The
Caenorhabditis elegans
bZIP transcription factor ZIP-2 is activated by toxins or mutations that inhibit translational elongation. The
zip-2
DNA-binding protein is encoded in a downstream main open reading frame (mORF), but under normal translation elongation conditions only an upstream overlapping oORF -1 frameshifted from mORF is translated. Mutations or toxins that slow translational elongation, but not inhibitors of translational initiation or termination, activate ZIP-2. An mORF initiation codon mutation does not disrupt the normal
zip-2
response to translational elongation defects, suggesting that
zip-2
activation does not depend on this ATG. An mORF early termination mutant can be activated by strong translation elongation inhibition, suggesting that translation initiated upstream on oORF +1 frameshifts when elongation is inhibited to the mORF reading frame downstream of the stop codon to activate a fused oORF/mORF ZIP-2 transcription factor. The protein and DNA sequences of
zip-2
oORF and mORF are conserved across the
Caenorhabditis
, suggesting selection for particular codons sensitive to translational elongation defects. Mutations that disrupt the oORF initiation codon constitutively activate
zip-2
, but not if the mORF initiation codon is also mutant, showing that
zip-2
oORF competes with mORF for translational initiation. oORF initiation codon mutation-activated
zip-2
slows
C. elegans
growth, and this slow growth is suppressed by a
zip-2
null mutation. A
zip-2
null mutant also strongly suppresses the growth arrest caused by translational elongation inhibitors. Thus, ZIP-2 is both a sensor of translational elongation attack, and a defense regulatory output via its activation of response genes.
Simulating atmospheric freezing of single aqueous droplets to ice in a cryogenically cooled ultrasonic levitator
Authors: Biswas Souvick , Paul Dababrata , Mondal Koushik , Kaiser Ralf I.
Published: February 2025

Atmospheric freezing of water droplets suspended in air followed by cloud formation and precipitation represent fundamental steps of the terrestrial water cycle. These aqueous droplets exhibit distinct freezing mechanisms and thermodynamic requirements compared to bulk water often forming metastable supercooled water at subzero temperatures on the Celsius scale (<273 K) prior to crystallization. Here, we report on a real-time spectroscopic investigation combined with simultaneous visualizations of single aqueous droplet freezing events inside a cryogenically cooled ultrasonic levitation chamber with the ultimate goal of probing the molecular structure evolution and stages of ice formation. The observed droplet freezing follows a pseudoheterogeneous ice nucleation mechanism mimicking the process that occurs for atmospherically supercooled water droplets at the air–water interface. This proof-of-concept experimental setup allows future crystallization studies of homo- and heterogeneously doped aqueous droplets under simulated atmospheric environments—also in the presence of reactive trace gases, thus untangling dynamic molecular interactions and chemical reactions, which are of fundamental interest to low-temperature atmospheric chemistry delineating with ice nucleation mechanisms.
“That 3-word-ultimatum”
Authors: Keshav Aris , Zimman Lal
Published: February 2025

I love you is among the most meaningful utterances in English speakers’ organization of intimacy,
yet remains understudied by scholars of language. This article investigates metapragmatic discourse about the first exchange of
I love you between romantic partners using data from the social media platform Reddit. The discourse reveals
a normative model in which I love you functions not only as an expression of emotion but a speech act that is
ideologically constructed as committing the speaker and inviting the listener onto a relationship path that includes monogamy,
long-term commitment, and eventually cohabitation and marriage. Normative discourses about and practices surrounding I
love you thereby bolster the hypervalorization of romantic relationships, the validation of jealousy and
possessiveness as expressions of love, and the naturalization of monogamy and normative Western family structures. Drawing on
discourses of polyamory, asexuality, and disability/neurodivergence, we point to alternative possibilities for love’s meaning and
expression.
‘What happened to the un-omitted subjects?’
Authors: Lee Narah
Published: February 2025

This research examines variations of subject expression in spoken Korean. While much focus has been put on the
omission of subjects in Korean as a pro-drop language, what is less explored is under what conditions choices are made into
different forms when subjects are expressed, which in Korean includes not only pronouns but also kinship terms, professional
titles, personal names and other lexical forms. In this paper, I test the distribution of subject expression in spoken Korean
corpora for first and second person subjects and analyse the discursive aspects of the referential choices for the expressed
subjects. The results confirm that first and second person subjects are expressed with varied referential forms and that relative
age between discourse participants becomes a significant factor in the referential choice. This study also remarks on the
importance of socio-cultural and pragmatic interpretation in the discussion of subject expression in Korean.
A Deep Dive into the RAISE Project Methodology
Authors: Pavel Marianne , Dehaene Olivier , Gueguen Delphine , Jégou Simon , Dromain Clarisse , Elvira David , Mandair Dalvinder , Cahané David , Schutte Kathryn , Schaefer Niklaus , Ronot Maxime , Cheng Catherine , Balazard Félix
Published: February 2025

This animation explains the methodology used in the Research for Artificial Intelligence-Based Surrogate Endpoint (RAISE) project, presented in two manuscripts recently published in Future Oncology. This exploratory work assessed whether deep learning techniques could improve early progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), using features extracted from computerized tomography scans from patients in the CLARINET phase 3 trial.

As part of the RAISE project, response heterogeneity (the coexistence of responding and non-responding lesions in the same patient) was also investigated to assess whether it could be used as a biomarker to allow earlier prediction of PFS in patients with NETs. Previous definitions of response heterogeneity are not suitable for assessing slow-growing tumors, such as NETs, so the definition of response heterogeneity was adapted in this study and is described in this animation.
Crystal structure and absence of magnetic order in single-crystalline RuO2
Authors: Kiefer L , Wirth F , Bertin A , Becker P , Bohatý L , Schmalzl K , Stunault A , Rodríguez-Velamazan J A , Fabelo O , Braden M
Published: February 2025

RuO2 was considered for a long time to be a paramagnetic metal with an ideal rutile-type structure down to low temperatures, but recent studies on single-crystals claimed evidence for antiferromagnetic order and some symmetry breaking in the crystal structure. We have grown single-crystals of RuO2 by vapor transport using either O2 or TeCl4 as transport medium. These crystals exhibit metallic behavior following a T
2 low-temperature relation and a small paramagnetic susceptibility that can be attributed to Pauli paramagnetism. Neither the conductance nor the susceptibility measurements yield any evidence for a magnetic or a structural transition between 300 K and ∼4 K. Comprehensive single-crystal diffraction studies with neutron and x-ray radiation reveal the rutile structure to persist until 2 K in our crystals, and show nearly perfect stoichiometry. Previous observations of symmetry forbidden reflections can be attributed to multiple diffraction. Polarized single-crystal neutron diffraction experiments at 1.6 K exclude the proposed antiferromagnetic structures with ordered moments larger than 0.01 Bohr magnetons.
Multi-gesture drag-and-drop decoding in a 2D iBCI control task
Authors: Gusman Jacob Tobias , Hosman Tommy , Crawford Rekha , Singer-Clark Tyler , Kapitonava Anastasia , Kelemen Jessica , Hahn Nick , Henderson Jaimie M. , Hochberg Leigh , Simeral John , Vargas-Irwin Carlos
Published: February 2025

Objective. Intracortical brain-computer interfaces (iBCIs) have demonstrated the ability to enable point and click as well as reach and grasp control for people with tetraplegia. However, few studies have investigated iBCIs during long-duration discrete movements that would enable common computer interactions such as ”click-and-hold” or ”drag-and-drop”. Approach. Here, we examined the performance of multi-class and binary (attempt/no-attempt) classification of neural activity in the left precentral gyrus of two BrainGate2 clinical trial participants performing hand gestures for 1, 2, and 4 seconds in duration. We then designed a novel ”latch decoder” that utilizes parallel multi-class and binary decoding processes and evaluated its performance on data from isolated sustained gesture attempts and a multi-gesture drag-and-drop task. Main Results. Neural activity during sustained gestures revealed a marked decrease in the discriminability of hand gestures sustained beyond 1 second. Compared to standard direct decoding methods, the latch decoder demonstrated substantial improvement in decoding accuracy for gestures performed independently or in conjunction with simultaneous 2D cursor control. Significance. This work highlights the unique neurophysiologic response patterns of sustained gesture attempts in human motor cortex and demonstrates a promising decoding approach that could enable individuals with tetraplegia to intuitively control a wider range of consumer electronics using an iBCI.
Is export diversification detrimental to environmental quality? An examination of the roles of green innovation and environmental taxation
Authors: Topuz Hüseyin , Kazak Hasan , Rahman Mohammad Mafizur , Kılıç Cüneyt , Akcan Ahmet Tayfur , Özekicioğlu Halil
Published: February 2025

The primary objective of this study is to assess the environmental impact of various factors, including export diversification and GDP, as well as elements believed to facilitate this assessment process, such as green innovation and environmental taxes. The study aims to identify factors that contribute to the reduction of CO2 emissions. It analyzes data from 21 European Union (EU) member states for the period from 1995 to 2020, employing the FFFFF panel cointegration test. The findings indicate that export diversification (EXD), environmental taxes (ET), and economic growth (GDP) have a positive effect on CO2 emissions, whereas green innovation (GI) and GDP squared (GDP2) exert a negative influence. These results indicate that export diversification is detrimental to environmental quality. Another significant finding of the study is the validation of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis. Finally, one of the most critical conclusions of the study is the negative impact of green innovation on the volume of CO2 emissions.
Collection of household used cooking oil in urban areas of Greece: opinions and practices of local inhabitants
Authors: Xirogiannopoulou Anna , Athanasiou Viktoria
Published: February 2025

The implementation of household-level used cooking oil collection systems in the EU is still in its early stages of development, and the level of households’ participation remains low. Limited literature is available on this subject. Our study aims to contribute to the current literature by filling the knowledge gap from the viewpoint of the system user, the inhabitant. We conducted, in 2023, an online qualitative survey to explore the current state, habits, practices, and opinions of the inhabitants of the Thessaloniki Urban Area regarding used cooking oil handling. The findings, from the 1,429 participants in our survey, showed a significant lack of knowledge regarding the recycling of used cooking oil (33.6% unaware) and a low participation rate (20.9%), even among those who typically recycle (24%). The dumping of used cooking oil into a sink (48.1%) or toilet (22.3%) is the prevailing method of disposal for UCO non-recyclers. Lack of knowledge (67.2%) is the most frequent reason for not recycling, followed by inadequate organisation of the collection programs (11.3%) and the inconvenience of collection sites being far from the residences (6.7%). Almost all the residents were dissatisfied with the state and municipalities’ attempts to advertise and inform them of this issue. Our findings demonstrate the urgent need to address the issue of collecting used cooking oil from households to protect the environment and meet the EU goal of incorporating renewable sources in its overall energy consumption until 2030.
Minimization of torque ripple in the BLDC drive using a high performance novel switched inductor QZS converter
Authors: Chandal Chandra Shekhar Singh , Kumar Amitesh
Published: February 2025

Torque ripples during commutation are a significant problem that occurs during speed changes and transitions in brushless direct current (BLDC) drives because the incoming and outgoing phase currents fluctuate at different rates simultaneously. These ripples on the rotor side cause noise and mechanical pulsation. Moreover, the higher input current ripple leads to significant switching stress and losses throughout the switching operation. This article proposes a topology that reduces commutation current and torque ripples by adjusting the motor’s input voltage to four times the back EMF amplitude of the motor. The proposed topology incorporates a switched inductor QZS DC-DC converter at the front of a three-phase voltage source inverter, offering high voltage gain while minimizing the voltage ratings of the DC supply. The circuit for DC Link voltage has been integrated into the system to ensure the required input DC voltage is obtained during the commutation phase. The novel topology being examined has been developed utilizing the MATLAB/Simulink software. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed module reduces commutation current and torque ripples to 13.5% and 7.5% respectively. This illustrates the efficacy of the proposed system.
Impacts of benchmarking choices on inferred model skill of the Arctic–Boreal terrestrial carbon cycle
Authors: Poe Jeralyn , Huntzinger Deborah , Collier Nathan , Schwalm Christopher , Wells Jon , Schädel Christina , Riley William J , Sitch Stephen
Published: February 2025

Land surface models require continuous validation against observations to improve and reduce simulation uncertainty. However, inferred model performance can be heavily influenced by subjective choices made in the selection and application of observational data products. A key area often misrepresented by models is the Arctic–Boreal region, which is a potential tipping point region in Earth’s climate system due to large permafrost carbon stocks that are vulnerable to release with climate warming. We use the International Land Model Benchmarking (ILAMB) framework to evaluate how the model skill of TRENDY-v9 models varies based on the choice of observational-based benchmark and how benchmarks are applied in model evaluation. This analysis uses global datasets integrated into ILAMB and new, regionally-specific observational products from the Arctic–Boreal Vulnerability Experiment. Our results cover the overall time period of 1979–2019 and show that model scores can vary substantially depending on the data product applied, with higher model scores indicating better model performance against observations. The lowest model scores occur when benchmarked against regional, compared to global, datasets. We also evaluate observed and modeled functional relationships between ecosystem respiration and air temperature and between gross primary production and precipitation. Here, we find that the magnitude and shape of the responses are strongly impacted by the choice of observational dataset and the approach used to construct the functional relationship benchmark. These results suggest that model evaluation studies could conclude a false sense of model skill if only using a single benchmark data product or if not applying regional data products when performing a regional model analysis. Collectively, our findings highlight the influence of benchmarking choices on model evaluation and point to the need for benchmarking guidelines when assessing model skill.
An application of adjoint ideal sheaves to injectivity and extension theorems
Authors: Chan Tsz , Choi Young-Jun
Published: February 2025

This note reviews the authors’ approach to Fujino’s conjecture, i.e. the injectivity theorem for lc pairs on compact Kähler manifolds, via the use of adjoint ideal sheaves coupled with the associated residue computations in their previous work. Using only the techniques and results obtained from that study and under a slightly stronger positivity assumption, a “qualitative” extension result is obtained. Such extension result guarantees the existence of a global holomorphic extension

F
F

of any holomorphic section

f
f

on some

σ
\sigma

-lc centres of the given lc pair. The extension

F
F

can be shown to take values in the corresponding adjoint ideal sheaf, even though it comes without any

L
2

L^2

estimate of

F
F

in terms of

f
f

. Moreover, the proof invokes and implies no vanishing theorem in general.
Curvature of smooth proper direct images by way of a holomorphic Gauss formula
Authors: Varolin Dror
Published: February 2025

The direct image of the relative canonical bundle of a smooth proper holomorphic family, twisted by a holomorphic vector bundle

E
E

with smooth Hermitian metric

h

\mathfrak {h}

with relatively Nakano-positive curvature, is locally trivial. The underlying vector bundle has a natural Hermitian metric called the

L
2

L^2

metric. In his 2009 Annals paper Berndtsson computed the curvature of this metric when

E
E

has rank

1
1

and

h

\mathfrak {h}

has semi-positive curvature form. Later, Liu and Yang computed the curvature of the relative canonical bundle twisted by any Hermitian holomorphic vector bundle, under the assumption that this direct image is locally trivial. We give a new proof of the results of Berndtsson-Liu-Yang. Our proof uses a generalization of the holomorphic Gauss formula to the setting of BLS fields, introduced by the author.
Operations on transcendental non-Archimedean metrics
Authors: Xia Mingchen
Published: February 2025

We define the basic pluripotential-theoretic operations in terms of the transcendental theory of non-Archimedean metrics introduced in \cite{DXZ23}. In particular, we establish that the analogue of Boucksom–Jonsson’s envelope conjecture holds in our theory.
Emotional Dysfunction
Authors: Solbakken Ole André , Frederiksen Christina Kjær , Monsen Jon Trygve
Published: February 2025

Emotional dysfunction has been afforded a prominent role in the novel conceptualization of personality disorder as defined by the ICD-11 diagnostic system. This chapter provides an in-depth examination of this topic, demonstrating how breakdown in affect integration and emotion regulation constitute essential components in the understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of personality disorders. The authors explore the central emotional manifestations of personality disturbances in personality disorder, identify basic dimensions of affective functioning underpinning the new diagnostic requirements, and delineate specific emotional signatures associated with different personality disorder configurations across different levels of severity and the five essential trait domains. The chapter thereby underscores the paramount importance of understanding emotional dysfunction both for diagnostic accuracy and for effective treatment planning, asserting that the ICD-11’s focus on emotional dysfunction is a pivotal advancement in the field of personality disorder nosology and care.
Clinical Management of Co-Occurring Addictions
Authors: Lie Tore Willy , Linderoth Lars , Bach Bo
Published: February 2025

Co-occurring addictions, especially substance use disorders, are common in individuals with personality disorder and can have huge impact on treatment course and outcome. The present chapter seeks to highlight the utility of the ICD-11 classification of personality disorders and related traits for understanding and managing co-occurring addictions. Addictions often arise from learned and reinforced dysfunctional coping patterns, which are at the core of personality dysfunction. Such understanding is deemed foundational for developing and maintaining an efficient multidisciplinary and integrated treatment plan for various kinds of addictions, which is elucidated in this chapter. The chapter specifically highlights guidelines for clinical management of addictions according to severity of personality dysfunction and individual trait domains.
Liberal Egalitarianism beyond Methodological Atomism
Authors: Herzog Lisa
Published: February 2025

Some readings of Rawls’ Theory of Justice rely on the methodological assumptions of rational choice theory, conceptualizing individuals in atomistic ways. They facilitated interpretations that allow for high degrees of inequality. This chapter argues that the view of human nature implicit in rational choice methodologies is insufficiently relational and overlooks the ways in which the value of an individual’s resources, welfare, or opportunities is co-determined by the societal distribution of resources, welfare, or opportunities. It also fails to consider how resources can serve as sources of societal power. By drawing on sociological and psychological insights and adopting a relational view of social meanings, resources, and political power, one arrives at a more plausible picture of what liberal-egalitarian justice requires. One upshot is that they provide a defence of a relative version of limitarianism, not only as a ‘problem-driven’ account for but as an ideal theory of justice.
Some Thoughts on Pluralizing Political Philosophy
Authors: Robeyns Ingrid
Published: February 2025

This chapter provides a set of reflections on this volume but also more generally on the process of pluralizing political philosophy. The first reflection concerns the suggestion that we should meet political philosophers at the particular point they are at in their personal development of pluralizing their own knowledge of political philosophy, which implies that we need both introductory discussions and advanced scholarship. The second reflection is that there are substantive gains to be made if political philosophers learn about marginalized approaches, even if that knowledge does not advance to a specialist level. Third, the efforts made to pluralize political philosophy need to be shared fairly. Fourth, there is a set of difficult epistemic challenges that need to be considered. Fifth, the term ‘pluralizing’ is preferable to ‘deparochializing’ or ‘globalizing’. And finally, pluralizing political philosophy requires changes in the way we run academia.
Introduction
Authors: Debre Maria J
Published: February 2025

After showing the divergent development of membership in regional organizations (ROs) with regard to regime type since 1945, this introductory chapter provides an accessible presentation of the theoretical argument that regional institutions stabilize authoritarian regimes by redistributing resources, regulating relationships with fellow RO members, and protecting them from international pressure. The chapter reviews relevant international organization and comparative politics literature, presents the mixed-methods research design with summaries of both the statistical analysis and case analysis, describes findings from statistical analysis and in-depth case studies, and discusses the implications for current debates on the liberal international order and the future of democratization.
Introduction
Authors: Dodds Lara , Dowd Michelle M
Published: February 2025

This introduction provides an overview of the volume and argues that early modern women’s writing needs to be made central to English Renaissance literary studies. The discussion begins with an analysis of some of the challenges facing early modern women’s writing as a discipline. It focuses on the temporal and critical disjunctions that have often marked the field and includes an overview of the debates between feminism and poststructuralism about the concept of literary authorship. The introduction concludes with a detailed outline of the structure of the book, which consists of six chapters divided into two parts: “Old Questions” and “New Directions.” Each chapter focuses on key questions and topics that have significantly affected the discipline of early modern women’s writing and its relationship to literary studies writ large.
Early Modern Women’s Writing and the Case for Feminist Formalism
Authors: Dodds Lara , Dowd Michelle M
Published: February 2025

This chapter explores the significance of a return to form for the study of early modern women’s writing. Although out of fashion for many years, formalism offers a productive tool not only for better understanding women’s literary output but also for connecting those works to England’s broader literary history. The chapter begins with a brief account of formalist literary criticism as it pertains to the study of early modern women’s writing. The chapter then discusses how feminist formalism—a methodology that attends to the structural, rhetorical, and other formal techniques of a given text and takes gender as a central category of analysis—can help advance the study of early modern women’s writing by bringing together the traditional questions of formalism and the political and cultural concerns of feminist inquiry. The chapter concludes with two case studies of early modern drama that demonstrate new interpretive possibilities afforded by feminist formalism.
Coda
Authors: Dodds Lara , Dowd Michelle M
Published: February 2025

This coda reflects on what it might mean to build a bigger version of the past for early modern women’s writing. It builds on the arguments of previous chapters in order to consider what is needed in order to chart a new path for the future of the field, and for English literary studies writ large. Reiterating that the fullest version of the literary past must include early modern women writers, this coda also asserts that the most robust possible version of the field of early modern women’s writing needs to include vigorous engagement with premodern critical race studies, feminist formalism, and creative pedagogy. The coda concludes with a call to move forward in literary studies by centering women’s writing and thus reframing the terms of the discussion from the outset.
A pilot study of device-assessed physical activity and ecological momentary assessment among adolescent and young adult survivors of childhood cancer
Authors: King-Dowling Sara , Harris Sheereen , Daniel Lauren C , Kwan Matthew Y W , Ginsberg Jill P , Goldmuntz Elizabeth , Szalda Dava , Schwartz Lisa A
Published: February 2025

Background

Adolescent and young adult survivors of childhood cancer (AYA) are at risk for treatment-related late effects (eg, heart and lung problems) which may be mitigated by physical activity (PA). To design effective, tailored PA interventions for this population, predictors and benefits of PA behavior need to be measured in real-time.

Purpose

To examine the feasibility and acceptability of ecological momentary assessment (EMA) combined with accelerometry and explore the dynamic associations between PA and real-time physical and psychosocial factors among AYA.

Methods

AYA (N = 20, mean age = 18.9 years) recently off cancer treatment participated in a 2-week intensive monitoring protocol in which they completed up to 4 EMA surveys/day assessing current mood, pain, fatigue, arousal, PA intentions and motivation, and social-environmental context, while PA levels were passively monitored using a wrist-worn ActiGraph GT9X accelerometer. Acceptability was measured via self-report.

Results

EMA and accelerometry were feasible and acceptable (≥70% compliance and study endorsement) for AYA. Multilevel models showed that AYA engaged in more PA when they were away from home, with others, in a better mood, less fatigued, more energetic, and more motivated than their own average levels. Further, when AYA engaged in more PA than their usual levels in the hour before completing an EMA survey, they subsequently reported less fatigue, less pain, more energy, and a more positive mood.

Conclusions

EMA and accelerometry are acceptable and feasible among AYA survivors of childhood cancer. This methodology can be utilized for understanding the real-time barriers, facilitators, and benefits of PA behaviors in this at-risk population to design effective, dynamic PA interventions.
Exacerbation of racial disparities in COVID-19 outcomes by Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias among nursing home residents
Authors: Zullo Andrew R , Gravenstein Stefan , Howe Chanelle J
Published: February 2025

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has disproportionately impacted Black nursing home (NH) residents. Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD) may exacerbate disparities, however little empirical evidence exists on the degree to which race and ADRD intersect to impact COVID-19-related outcomes. We conducted a cohort study (April-December 2020) leveraging electronic health records from 12 United States NH corporations. We used parametric g-formula to obtain standardized estimates of incident COVID-19 infection and 30-day COVID-19-associated hospitalization or death by race, both overall and within strata of ADRD status. The cohort comprised 127,913 resident-episodes, including 15,379 incident COVID-19 infections, 1,522 deaths, and 2,548 hospitalizations. Black residents were more likely than White residents to experience incident COVID-19 and subsequent hospitalization, but not more likely to subsequently die. Disparities in hospitalization and a combined endpoint of hospitalization or death were more pronounced among residents with ADRD compared to residents without ADRD. These results suggest the presence of disparities in COVID-19 outcomes by race and provide evidence that ADRD status may exacerbate racial disparities in COVID-19 outcomes among nursing home residents. Our findings offer valuable insights for current and future preparedness efforts in NHs in the United States and countries with similarly under-resourced long-term care settings.
The Effect of Body Expressions on the Learning Process and Facial Recognition among Healthy Participants and Individuals with Traumatic Brain Injury: Examination Using Eye Movements
Authors: Lugasi Natalie , Sachar Yaron , Vakil Eli
Published: February 2025

Objective

Context-dependent effect (CDE) is a process by which reinstating at test the original learning context enhances the recall ability of the material being studied. Although recognition by people with traumatic brain injury (TBI) is poorer than that of healthy controls, both groups show CDE equally. In the current study, we seek to test the effect of body emotional expressions as contextual information, on facial recognition, and eye movements.

Method

Twenty-four healthy individuals and 27 patients with moderate-to-severe TBI participated in the study. Participants were exposed to photos of people with neutral facial and body expressions and were asked to remember the people for a subsequent memory test. In the testing session, they were asked to determine whether the person presented to them had appeared before, under two conditions: (1) where the context remains constant (facial and body expressions remained neutral–Repeat condition) and (2) where the context changes (facial expression remained neutral but the body expression changed to angry or happy–Re-pair condition).

Results

While the memory of the individuals with TBI was poorer than that of the controls, both groups exhibited equal CDE. We found that both groups, controls more than TBI, spent most of their time looking at the head. Furthermore, longer dwell time was associated with better recognition in the study phase.

Conclusions

These findings are consistent with previous studies showing that despite impaired memory following TBI compared to a control group, CDE was preserved. The current study extends the context effect to body postures that express emotion.