bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bilateral Superficial Trigeminal Nerve Blocks are not More Effective
than a Placebo in Abolishing Post-operative Headache Pain in Pituitary
Transsphenoidal Neurosurgery: A Prospective, Randomized, Doubleblinded
Clinical Trial
Authors: Srejic Una , Litonius Erik , Gandhi Seema , Talke Pekka , Maties Oana , Siegmueller Claas , Magsaysay Avic , Hasen Daniel , Kunwar Sandeep , Seth Rahul , Gibson Lizbeth , Bickler Philip
Published: February 2023

Background:

Pituitary neurosurgery executed via the transsphenoidal endonasal
approach is commonly performed for pituitary adenomas. Reasons for prolonged hospital stay
include postoperative headache and protracted nausea with or without vomiting. Bilateral
superficial trigeminal nerve blocks of the supra-orbital V1 and infra-orbital V2 (SION) nerves
performed intra-operatively as a regional anesthetic adjunct to general anesthesia were
hypothesized to decrease 6 hours postoperative morphine PCA (patient-controlled analgesia) use by
patients.

Methods:

Forty-nine patients, following induction of general anesthesia for their transsphenoidal
surgery, were prospectively randomized in a double-blinded fashion to receive additional regional
anesthesia as either a block (0.5% ropivacaine with epi 1:200,000) or placebo/sham (0.9% normal
saline). The primary endpoint of the study was systemic morphine PCA opioid consumption by the
two groups in the first 6-hours postoperatively. The secondary endpoints included (1) pain
exposure experienced postoperatively, (2) incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting, and (3)
time to eligibility for PACU discharge.

Results:

Of the 49 patients that were enrolled, 3 patients were excluded due to protocol violations.
Ultimately, there was no statistically significant difference between morphine PCA use in the 6
hours postoperatively between the block and placebo/sham groups. There was, however, a slight
visual tendency in the block group for higher pain scores, morphine use p=0.046, and delayed
PACU discharge. False discovery rate corrected comparisons at each time point and then revealed
no statistically significant difference between the two groups. There were no differences between
the two groups for secondary endpoints.

Conclusion:

It was found that a 6-hour postoperative headache after endoscopic trans-sphenoidal
pituitary surgery likely has a more complicated mechanism involving more than the superficial
trigeminovascular system and perhaps is neuro-modulated by other brain nuclei.
Identification of Potential Biomarkers in Stomach Adenocarcinoma using
Machine Learning Approaches
Authors: Nazari Elham , Pourali Ghazaleh , Khazaei Majid , Asadnia Alireza , Dashtiahangar Mohammad , Mohit Reza , Maftooh Mina , Nassiri Mohammadreza , Hassanian Seyed Mahdi , Ghayour-Mobarhan Majid , Ferns Gordon A. , Shahidsales Soodabeh , Avan Amir
Published: February 2023

Background:

Stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) is a common cancer with poor clinical outcomes
globally. Due to a lack of early diagnostic markers of disease, the majority of patients are diagnosed
at an advanced stage.

Objective:

The aim of the present study is to provide some new insights into the available biomarkers
for patients with STAD using bioinformatics.

Methods:

RNA-Sequencing and other relevant data of patients with STAD from The Cancer Genome
Atlas (TCGA) database were evaluated to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Then, Machine
Learning algorithms were undertaken to predict biomarkers. Additionally, Kaplan–Meier analysis
was used to detect prognostic biomarkers. Furthermore, the Gene Ontology and Reactome pathways,
protein-protein interactions (PPI), multiple sequence alignment, phylogenetic mapping, and correlation
between clinical parameters were evaluated.

Results:

The results showed 61 DEGs, and the key dysregulated genes associated with STAD are
MTHFD1L (Methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 1-like), ZWILCH (Zwilch Kinetochore Protein),
RCC2 (Regulator of chromosome condensation 2), DPT (Dermatopontin), GCOM1 (GRINL1A complex
locus 1), and CLEC3B (C-Type Lectin Domain Family 3 Member B). Moreover, the survival analysis
reported ASPA (Aspartoacylase) as a prognostic marker.

Conclusion:

Our study provides a proof of concept of the potential value of ASPA as a prognostic factor
in STAD, requiring further functional investigations to explore the value of emerging markers.
Drug Design and Disease Diagnosis: The Potential of Deep Learning
Models in Biology
Authors: Sreeraman Sarojini , Kannan Mayuri P. , Singh Kushwah Raja Babu , Sundaram Vickram , Veluchamy Alaguraj , Thirunavukarasou Anand , Saravanan Konda Mani
Published: February 2023

Early prediction and detection enable reduced transmission of human diseases and provide
healthcare professionals ample time to make subsequent diagnoses and treatment strategies. This, in
turn, aids in saving more lives and results in lower medical costs. Designing small chemical molecules
to treat fatal disorders is also urgently needed to address the high death rate of these diseases worldwide.
A recent analysis of published literature suggested that deep learning (DL) based models apply more
potential algorithms to hybrid databases of chemical data. Considering the above, we first discussed the
concept of DL architectures and their applications in drug development and diagnostics in this review.
Although DL-based approaches have applications in several fields, in the following sections of the article,
we focus on recent developments of DL-based techniques in biology, notably in structure prediction,
cancer drug development, COVID infection diagnostics, and drug repurposing strategies. Each
review section summarizes several cutting-edge, recently developed DL-based techniques. Additionally,
we introduced the approaches presented in our group, whose prediction accuracy is relatively comparable
with current computational models. We concluded the review by discussing the benefits and drawbacks
of DL techniques and outlining the future paths for data collecting and developing efficient computational
models.
Phytochemicals in the Synthetic Era: A Potential Oncosuppressor against Cancer
Stem Cells
Authors: Maru Devangkumar , Kumar Anmol
Published: February 2023

CSCs (Cancer stem cells) are a subpopulation of transformed cells residing within the tumour that possesses
properties of stem cells, like self-renewal and differentiation. Different signalling pathways, epigenetic changes, and
interaction with a tumour microenvironment are found to be involved in the maintenance of stemness of CSCs and
contribute to chemoresistance. Hence, it is difficult to prevent and control progression completely without considering
CSCs as a crucial target. Some phytochemicals target different pathways and gene expression and modulate CSC
markers to suppress the stemness properties of cancer cells. Thus, phytochemicals potentially impact CSCs which may
be applied in chemo-prevention. This comprehensive review discusses some studied phytochemicals that suppress
stemness characters in various cancer types both in vitro and in vivo animal models. However, the chemo-prevention
ability of phytochemicals needs to be validated in further subsequent stages of clinical trials.
Novel 5-bromoindole-2-carboxylic Acid Derivatives as EGFR Inhibitors: Synthesis,
Docking Study, and Structure Activity Relationship
Authors: Hassan Omeed M. , Kubba Ammar , Tahtamouni Lubna H.
Published: February 2023

Background:

The indole backbone is encountered in a class of N-heterocyclic compounds with physiological
and pharmacological effects such as anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, and anti-HIV. These compounds are becoming increasingly
popular in organic, medicinal, and pharmaceutical research. Nitrogen compounds' hydrogen bonding, dipole-
dipole interactions, hydrophobic effects, Van der Waals forces, and stacking interactions have increased their
relevance in pharmaceutical chemistry due to their improved solubility. Indole derivatives, such as carbothioamide,
oxadiazole, and triazole, have been reported to act as anti-cancer drugs due to their ability to disrupt the mitotic spindle
and prevent human cancer cell proliferation, expansion, and invasion.

Objectives:

To synthesize new 5-bromoindole-2-carboxylic acid derivatives that function as EGFR tyrosine kinase
inhibitors as deduced through molecular docking studies.

Methods:

Different derivatives of indole (carbothioamide, oxadiazole, tetrahydro pyridazine-3,6-dione, and triazole)
were synthesized and evaluated through different chemical, spectroscopic methods (IR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR, and MS)
and assessed in silico and in vitro for their antiproliferative activities against A549, HepG2, and MCF-7 cancer cell
lines.

Results:

According to molecular docking analyses, compounds 3a, 3b, 3f, and 7 exhibited the strongest EGFR tyrosine
kinase domain binding energies. In comparison to erlotinib, which displayed some hepatotoxicity, all of the evaluated
ligands displayed good in silico absorption levels, did not appear to be cytochrome P450 inhibitors, and were not hepatotoxic.
The new indole derivatives were found to decrease cell growth of three different types of human cancer cell lines
(HepG2, A549, and MCF-7), with compound 3a being the most powerful while still being cancer-specific. Cell cycle
arrest and the activation of apoptosis were the results of compound 3a's inhibition of EGFR tyrosine kinase activity.

Conclusion:

The novel indole derivatives, compound 3a in particular, are promising anti-cancer agents which inhibit
cell proliferation by inhibiting EGFR tyrosine kinase activity.
A New de novo Mosaic Mutation of PHEX Gene: A Case Report of a Boy
with Hypophosphatemic Rickets
Authors: Novizio Roberto , Terracciano Alessandra , De Bernardi Margherita Lucia , De Brasi Davide , Iolascon Achille , Monica Matteo Della , Scavuzzo Francesco , Serino Domenico , Novelli Antonio , Piscopo Carmelo
Published: February 2023

Background:

X-linked hypophosphatemia is the most prevalent form of heritable rickets,
characterized by an X-linked dominant inheritance pattern. The genetic basis of X-linked hypophosphatemia
is a loss-of-function mutation in the PHEX gene (Phosphate regulating gene with
Homology to Endopeptidases on the X chromosome), which leads to an enhanced production of
phosphaturic hormone FGF23. X-linked hypophosphatemia causes rickets in children and osteomalacia
in adults. Clinical manifestations are numerous and variable, including slowdown in
growth, swing-through gait and progressive tibial bowing, related to skeletal and extraskeletal actions
of FGF23. PHEX gene spans over 220 kb and consists of 22 exons. To date, hereditary and
sporadic mutations are known (missense, nonsense, deletions and splice site mutations).

Case Presentation:

Herein, we describe a male patient carrying a novel de novo mosaic nonsense
mutation c.2176G>T (p.Glu726Ter) located in exon 22 of PHEX gene.

Conclusion:

We highlight this new mutation among possible causative of X-linked hypophosphatemia
and suggest that mosaicism of PHEX mutations is not so uncommon and should be excluded
in diagnostic workflow of heritable rickets both in male and female patients.
Review on the Synthesis of Bio-Active Spiro-Fused Heterocyclic Molecules
Authors: Patel Geetika , Patel Ashok Raj , Kheti Sameera , Sao Parimal Kumar , Rathore Gargee , Banerjee Subhash
Published: February 2023

Background:

The spiro entity and heterocyclic scaffolds are decorated with a variety of biological and pharmaceutical properties. Therefore, the fusion of spiro compounds with individual moieties. Thus, the designing and expansion of the methods for the synthesis of various spiro-fused heterocyclic scaffolds are significantly important for synthetic organic chemistry.

Methods:

A variety of spiro-fused heterocyclic scaffolds are synthesized through different strategies and methods, such as one-pot multi-components synthesis, and multi-step methods via different organic reactions.

Results:

The wide range of the applications and their interesting biological and medicinal properties encouraged the interest of the researchers to design and construct advanced strategies and methodologies for synthesizing novel spiro-fused heterocyclic molecules which resulted in the publication of numerous research papers and review articles in the literature. In this review article, we have access to the various schemes for the synthesis of different spiro-fused heterocyclic molecules and their biological importance.
Determination of Olmesartan in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms
through the Development and Validation of Stability-indicating RP-HPLC
Method
Authors: Sahu Jagdish K. , Agrawal Akshita A. , Dawre Shilpa , Kanugo Abhishek
Published: February 2023

Background:

Angiotensin II type 1 (AT 1) receptor antagonist (angiotensin receptor
blocker (ARB) called Olmesartan medoxomil (OLM) prevents angiotensin II from acting on the
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone pathway, which is a crucial factor in the development of hypertension.
OLM is reported to rapidly hydrolyze into its active metabolite, Olmesartan, in plasma after
oral treatment.

Objective:

The objective of the ongoing study was to develop an easy-to-use, precise, and reliable
RP-HPLC method for the determination of Olmesartan in bulk as well as pharmaceutical dosage
forms.

Methods:

The stability indicating HPLC method for assay includes the use of Kromasil 100-5-C8
(100 mm × 4.6 mm) column, UV detector 265 nm, and mobile phase composition was a mixture of
Acetonitrile: water (70:30) and flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. ICH guidelines were followed in the
method's validation. To assess the method's specificity and stability in showing characteristics, stress
degradation studies were carried out. The working standard solution of Olmesartan was exposed to
0.1 N HCl at room temperature, 0.1 N NaOH at room temperature, 30 percent hydrogen peroxide
by volume, and UV radiation in order to conduct a degradation study.

Results:

The retention periods of the drug were found to be 1.36 and 1.47 min for standard and
sample solutions, respectively. The degradation behaviour of drug under different conditions was
studied. The drug was found susceptible to acidic, alkaline and oxidative conditions while it was
found stable in photolytic condition. The developed stability-indicating RP-HPLC method for
assay was validated as per ICH Q2 guidelines and the validation parameters such as accuracy,
precision and specificity were obtained within the accepted criteria.

Conclusion:

It may be concluded that this method is stability-indicating and specific and can successfully
be applied to analyze tablet dosage form containing Olmesartan.
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Konstruksi dan Utilitas Gedung Berbasis Animasi Power Point Materi Instalasi Listrik
Authors: Triaghosa Egi , Suryaman Heri , Soeparno Soeparno , Cahyaka Hendra Wahyu
Published: February 2023

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk: (1) mengembangkan media pembelajaran konstruksi dan utilitas gedung berbasis animasi pada mata pelajaran Konstruksi dan Utilitas Gedung khususnya pada materi pembuatan gambar instalasi listrik (2) menguji kevalidan dan; (3) keefektifan media pembelajaran konstruksi dan utilitas gedung berbasis animasi untuk membantu peserta didik memahami pesan dari pembelajaran. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode research and development (RD) menurut Sugiyono yang dimodifikasi hingga menghasilkan delapan tahap yang terdiri dari: (1) Potensi dan Masalah; (2) pengumpulan data; (3) Desain Produk; (4) Validasi; (5) Revisi desain; (6) Uji coba produk; (7) Revisi produk; (8) Uji coba pemakaian. Lember validasi dan lembar respon peserta didik merupakan instrumen yang digunakan dalam pengambilan data dengan melibatkan peserta didik kelas XI DPIB SMK Negeri 3 sebagai subjek penelitian. Hasil Uji Validasi perangkat maupun media pembelajaran oleh kedua validator memperoleh nilai kelayakan yang dapat dikatergorikan sangat baik. Hasil dari kuesioner yang diberikan kepada peserta didik selaku subjek penelitian pada saat uji produk perluas juga menghasilkan nilai dengan kaegori sangat baik. perolehan hasil yang didapat mendukung untuk dikembangkannya media pembelajaran berbasis animasi power point pada materi menggambar instalasi listrik dikategorikan layak dan dapat diimplementasikan dalam proses pembelajaran.
PENGEMBANGAN APLIKASI WEB RILEKS DAN SARUNG TANGAN KOGNITIF SEBAGAI TERAPI PENYEMBUHAN SISWA SMK TEKNIK SIPIL PASCA OPERASI STROKE DI PT XYZ
Authors: Pratama Aldi Adi , Yulianto Kiki
Published: February 2023

Pendidikan terapan pasca kelulusan dari jenjang SMK, harus memiliki perpaduan antara struktur konsep teori yang diterima dengan keahlian maupun keterampilan. Siswa memiliki peluang besar dalam mendongkrak perekonomian ketika negara berusaha bangkit dari keterpurukan ekonomi pandemi, melalui inovasi dan karya cipta. Namun amanat tersebut terganjal dengan faktor risiko kesehatan, akibat dari bawaan budaya tetap berada di rumah di kala pandemi, sehingga aktivitas olahrga dikatakan kurang. Permasalahn ini diperparah dengan meningkatnya penderita stroke akibat siswa lebih memilih junk food saat pandemi. Stroke trombotik merupakan kondisi penyumbatan lumen pembuluh darah pada bagian otak, karena trombus yang semakin lama kian menebal, sehingga aliran darah menjadi tidak lancar Aplikasi Web Rileks dan Sarung Tangan Kognitif sebagai Rehabilitasi Pasca Operasi Stroke berfokus pada pergerakan jari tangan secara lambat sebagai bentuk terapi kepada siswa stroke pasca operasi.  Penciptaan Aplikasi menggunakan perkembangan prototype sederhana. Penciptaan karya memiliki dua metode terapi rehabilitasi fungsional, yakni terapi tangan pada pergerakan jari-jari siswa dan komunikasi AIUEO dengan penderita stroke jenis trombotik. Pengukuran data terapi gerak tangan Range Of Motion (ROM), menggunakan skala  0 (zero) hingga 5 (Normal). ROM adalah latihan yang diberikan untuk mempertahankan atau memperbaiki kembali fungsinya secara normal dan untuk meningkatkan massa otot dan tonus otot pada anggota gerak tubuh. Pengembangan aplikasi mengedepankan aspek psikologis, penyembuhan bertahap serta komunikasi. Perakitan robotik sarung tangan menggunakan rangkaian umum hand exoskeleton, flex sensor, fuzzy logic, dan amplitude stimulus. Hasil Observasi data yang dilakukan selama 6 hari terhadap dua siswa, menunjukan peningkatan ROM dari angka 4 (Good) menuju 5 (Normal) di hari ketiga dan kelima.
Influence of homogeneous nucleation on vapor parameters near the evaporation surface: a simplified approach
Authors: Levashov V. Yu.  , Mayorov V. O.  , Kryukov A. P.
Published: February 2023

An approach that makes it possible to assess the need to take into account / neglect the process of homogeneous nucleation on the flow of vapor formed near the interface as a result of evaporation is presented. It is shown that estimations require information about the value of the surface tension coefficient of the critical size droplets. The influence of the homogeneous nucleation process on the evaporation of various substances: water, ethanol, and methanol is considered. The results show that for water, consideration of the process of homogeneous nucleation is necessary only for supersaturation ratio greater than 20, in contrast to the evaporation of methanol, when homogeneous nucleation must be taken into account at any supersaturation ratio Keywords: homogeneous nucleation, evaporation, supersaturation degree.
Determination of the donor impurity concentration in thin i-InGaAs layers
Authors: Aksenov M. S.  , Zakirov E. R.  , Kovchavtsev A.P.  , Nastovyak A.E.  , Dmitriev D. V.
Published: February 2023

This paper describes a technique that makes it possible, by analyzing the capacitance-voltage characteristics of metal-insulator-semiconductor or metal-semiconductor structures, to determine the concentration of the background donor impurity in undoped i-In0.53Ga0.47As layers with a thickness less than the width of the space charge region in the near-surface region of the semiconductor in strong inversion mode. Keywords: InGaAs, MIS structure, capacitance-voltage characteristic, dopant, space charge region.
Excitation of high cyclotron harmonics in a high-current relativistic gyrotron in the frequency multiplication regime
Authors: Leontyev A.N  , Rozental R.M.  , Ginzburg N.S.  , Zotova I. V.  , Malkin A. M.  , Sergeev A. S.
Published: February 2023

Using the averaged equations supplemented with 3D particle-in-cells simulation methods, we have studied the frequency multiplication regime in a high-current relativistic gyrotron. The paper shows that the ratio between the output power of the higher (fifth or sixth) harmonics and that of the fundamental cyclotron resonance may be of about 0.1-0.3%. Accordingly, the nonlinear transformation coefficient is several orders of magnitude higher than the values achievable in gyrotrons with weakly-relativistic electron beams. Keywords: gyrotron, harmonic excitation, high-current relativistic electron beams.
Virtual Reality Intervention for Patients With Neck Pain: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Guo Qifan , Zhang LIMing , Gui Chenfan , Chen Guanghui , Chen Yi , Tan Huixin , Su Wei , Zhang Ruishi , Gao Qiang
Published: February 2023

Background

Neck pain is a prevalent condition that causes an enormous health care burden due to the lack of efficient therapies. As a promising technology, virtual reality (VR) has shown advantages in orthopedic rehabilitation. However, there is no meta-analysis evaluating the effectiveness of VR in neck pain management.

Objective

This study aims to review original randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effectiveness of VR for neck pain and to provide evidence for the clinical application of a new alternative approach for pain management.

Methods

A total of 9 electronic databases were systematically searched for relevant articles published from inception to October 2022. RCTs in English or Chinese that investigated VR therapy for participants with neck pain were included. The methodological quality and the evidence level were assessed using the Cochrane Back and Neck Risk of Bias tool and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) guideline, respectively.

Results

A total of 8 studies with 382 participants were included for the final analysis. For the pain intensity, the overall pooled effect size was 0.51, with a standardized mean difference (SMD) of −0.51 (95% CI −0.91 to −0.11; GRADE: moderate), favoring VR therapy compared with controls. Subgroups analyses revealed that significant differences in pain intensity were found in the multimodal intervention (VR in combination with other therapies) than in other interventions (SMD −0.45, 95% CI −0.78 to −0.13; GRADE: moderate), and better analgesic effects were also observed in patients with chronic neck pain receiving VR intervention (SMD −0.70, 95% CI −1.08 to −0.32; GRADE: moderate) and patients treated in the clinic or research unit (SMD −0.52, 95% CI −0.99 to −0.05; GRADE: moderate) than controls. Regarding other health outcomes, the VR experienced less disability, lower kinesiophobia, and greater kinematic function (cervical range of motion, mean and peak velocity). Nevertheless, the follow-up effects of VR therapy on pain intensity and disability were not found.

Conclusions

Existing moderate evidence support VR as a beneficial nonpharmacological approach to improve pain intensity in patients with neck pain, with advantages to multimodal intervention, people with chronic neck pain, and clinic or research unit–based VR therapy. However, the limited quantity and high heterogeneity of the articles limit our findings.

Trial Registration

PROSPERO CRD42020188635; https://tinyurl.com/2839jh8w
Changes in Online Food Access During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Associations With Deprivation: Longitudinal Analysis
Authors: Keeble Matthew , Adams Jean , Burgoine Thomas
Published: February 2023

Background

Food prepared out of home is typically energy-dense and nutrient-poor. Online food delivery services have become a popular way to purchase such food. The number of accessible food outlets through these services can influence how frequently they are used. Anecdotally, food outlet access through online food delivery services increased in England between 2020 and 2022, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the extent to which this access changed is poorly understood.

Objective

We aimed to investigate monthly changes in online access to food prepared out of home in England in the context of the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic compared with November 2019 and the extent to which any changes were associated with deprivation.

Methods

In November 2019 and monthly between June 2020 and March 2022, we used automated data collection to construct a data set containing information about all food outlets in England registered to accept orders through the leading online food delivery service. Across postcode districts, we identified the number and percentage of food outlets registered to accept orders and the number that was accessible. We used generalized estimating equations (adjusted for population density, the number of food outlets in the physical food environment, and rural/urban classification) to investigate the change in outcomes compared with prepandemic levels (November 2019). We stratified analyses by deprivation quintile (Q).

Results

Across England, the summed number of food outlets registered to accept orders online increased from 29,232 in November 2019 to 49,752 in March 2022. Across postcode districts, the median percentage of food outlets registered to accept orders online increased from 14.3 (IQR 3.8-26.0) in November 2019 to 24.0 (IQR 6.2-43.5) in March 2022. The median number of food outlets accessible online decreased from 63.5 (IQR 16.0-156.0) in November 2019 to 57.0 (IQR 11.0-163.0) in March 2022. However, we observed variation by deprivation. In March 2022, the median number of outlets accessible online was 175.0 (IQR 104.0-292.0) in the most deprived areas (Q5) compared with 27.0 (IQR 8.5-60.5) in the least deprived (Q1). In adjusted analyses, we estimated that the number of outlets accessible online in the most deprived areas was 10% higher in March 2022 compared with November 2019 (incidence rate ratios: 1.10, 95% CI 1.07-1.13). In the least deprived areas, we estimated a 19% decrease (incidence rate ratios: 0.81, 95% CI 0.79-0.83).

Conclusions

The number of food outlets accessible online increased only in the most deprived areas in England. Future research might attempt to understand the extent to which changes in online food access were associated with changes in online food delivery service use and the possible implications on diet quality and health.
Patients’ Perspectives Regarding Digital Health Technology to Support Self-management and Improve Integrated Stroke Care: Qualitative Interview Study
Authors: Bally Esmee L S , Cheng Demi , van Grieken Amy , Ferri Sanz Mireia , Zanutto Oscar , Carroll Aine , Darley Andrew , Roozenbeek Bob , Dippel Diederik W J , Raat Hein
Published: February 2023

Background

Digital technologies such as mobile apps and robotics have the potential to involve stroke patients better in the care process and to promote self-management. However, barriers exist that constrain the adoption and acceptance of technology in clinical practice. Examples of barriers are privacy concerns, challenges regarding usability, and the perception that there is no need for health-related technology. To address these barriers, co-design can be used to enable patients to reflect on their experiences of a service and to tailor digital technologies to the needs and preferences of end users regarding content and usability.

Objective

This study aims to explore the perspectives of stroke patients toward how digital health technology could support self-management regarding health and well-being, as well as integrated stroke care.

Methods

A qualitative study was conducted to understand patient perspectives. Data were collected in co-design sessions during the ValueCare study. Patients from a Dutch hospital who experienced an ischemic stroke (n=36) within the past 18 months were invited to participate. Data collection took place between December 2020 and April 2021 via one-to-one telephone interviews. A short self-report questionnaire was used to collect data on sociodemographics, disease-specific information, and technology use. All interviews were audio-taped and transcribed verbatim. The interview data were analyzed using a thematic approach.

Results

Patients held mixed attitudes toward digital health technologies. Some patients viewed digital technology as a convenient product or service, while others expressed no desire or need to use technology for self-management or care. Digital features suggested by stroke patients included (1) information about the causes of stroke, medication, prognosis, and follow-up care; (2) an online library with information regarding stroke-related health and care issues; (3) a personal health record by which patients can retrieve and manage their own health information; and (4) online rehabilitation support to empower patients to exercise at home. Regarding the user interface of future digital health technology, patients emphasized the need for easy-to-use and simple designs.

Conclusions

Stroke patients mentioned credible health information, an online library with stroke-related health and care information, a personal health record, and online rehabilitation support as the main features to include in future digital health technologies. We recommend that developers and designers of digital health for stroke care listen to the “voice of the stroke patients” regarding both functionality and the characteristics of the interface.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

RR2-10.1186/s12877-022-03333-8
The Longitudinal Impact of Social Media Use on UK Adolescents' Mental Health: Longitudinal Observational Study
Authors: Plackett Ruth , Sheringham Jessica , Dykxhoorn Jennifer
Published: February 2023

Background

Cross-sectional studies have found a relationship between social media use and depression and anxiety in young people. However, few longitudinal studies using representative data and mediation analysis have been conducted to understand the causal pathways of this relationship.

Objective

This study aims to examine the longitudinal relationship between social media use and young people’s mental health and the role of self-esteem and social connectedness as potential mediators.

Methods

The sample included 3228 participants who were 10- to 15-year-olds from Understanding Society (2009-2019), a UK longitudinal household survey. The number of hours spent on social media was measured on a 5-point scale from “none” to “7 or more hours” at the ages of 12-13 years. Self-esteem and social connectedness (number of friends and happiness with friendships) were measured at the ages of 13-14 years. Mental health problems measured by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire were assessed at the ages of 14-15 years. Covariates included demographic and household variables. Unadjusted and adjusted multilevel linear regression models were used to estimate the association between social media use and mental health. We used path analysis with structural equation modeling to investigate the mediation pathways.

Results

In adjusted analysis, there was a nonsignificant linear trend showing that more time spent on social media was related to poorer mental health 2 years later (n=2603, β=.21, 95% CI −0.43 to 0.84; P=.52). In an unadjusted path analysis, 68% of the effect of social media use on mental health was mediated by self-esteem (indirect effect, n=2569, β=.70, 95% CI 0.15-1.30; P=.02). This effect was attenuated in the adjusted analysis, and it was found that self-esteem was no longer a significant mediator (indirect effect, n=2316, β=.24, 95% CI −0.12 to 0.66; P=.22). We did not find evidence that the association between social media and mental health was mediated by social connectedness. Similar results were found in imputed data.

Conclusions

There was little evidence to suggest that more time spent on social media was associated with later mental health problems in UK adolescents. This study shows the importance of longitudinal studies to examine this relationship and suggests that prevention strategies and interventions to improve mental health associated with social media use could consider the role of factors like self-esteem.
Using Social Media Data to Investigate Public Perceptions of Cannabis as a Medicine: Narrative Review (Preprint)
Authors: Khademi Sedigh , Hallinan Christine Mary , Conway Mike , Bonomo Yvonne
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND

The use and acceptance of medicinal cannabis is on the rise across the globe. To support the interests of public health, evidence relating to its use, effects, and safety is required to match this community demand. Web-based user-generated data are often used by researchers and public health organizations for the investigation of consumer perceptions, market forces, population behaviors, and for pharmacoepidemiology.

OBJECTIVE

In this review, we aimed to summarize the findings of studies that have used user-generated text as a data source to study medicinal cannabis or the use of cannabis as medicine. Our objectives were to categorize the insights provided by social media research on cannabis as medicine and describe the role of social media for consumers using medicinal cannabis.

METHODS

The inclusion criteria for this review were primary research studies and reviews that reported on the analysis of web-based user-generated content on cannabis as medicine. The MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase databases were searched from January 1974 to April 2022.

RESULTS

We examined 42 studies published in English and found that consumers value their ability to exchange experiences on the web and tend to rely on web-based information sources. Cannabis discussions have portrayed the substance as a safe and natural medicine to help with many health conditions including cancer, sleep disorders, chronic pain, opioid use disorders, headaches, asthma, bowel disease, anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder. These discussions provide a rich resource for researchers to investigate medicinal cannabis–related consumer sentiment and experiences, including the opportunity to monitor cannabis effects and adverse events, given the anecdotal and often biased nature of the information is properly accounted for.

CONCLUSIONS

The extensive web-based presence of the cannabis industry coupled with the conversational nature of social media discourse results in rich but potentially biased information that is often not well-supported by scientific evidence. This review summarizes what social media is saying about the medicinal use of cannabis and discusses the challenges faced by health governance agencies and professionals to make use of web-based resources to both learn from medicinal cannabis users and provide factual, timely, and reliable evidence-based health information to consumers.
Self-Supervised Electroencephalogram Representation Learning for Automatic Sleep Staging: Model Development and Evaluation Study (Preprint)
Authors: Yang Chaoqi , Xiao Cao , Westover M Brandon , Sun Jimeng
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND

Deep learning models have shown great success in automating tasks in sleep medicine by learning from carefully annotated electroencephalogram (EEG) data. However, effectively using a large amount of raw EEG data remains a challenge.

OBJECTIVE

In this study, we aim to learn robust vector representations from massive unlabeled EEG signals, such that the learned vectorized features (1) are expressive enough to replace the raw signals in the sleep staging task, and (2) provide better predictive performance than supervised models in scenarios involving fewer labels and noisy samples.

METHODS

We propose a self-supervised model, Contrast with the World Representation (ContraWR), for EEG signal representation learning. Unlike previous models that use a set of negative samples, our model uses global statistics (ie, the average representation) from the data set to distinguish signals associated with different sleep stages. The ContraWR model is evaluated on 3 real-world EEG data sets that include both settings: at-home and in-laboratory EEG recording.

RESULTS

ContraWR outperforms 4 recently reported self-supervised learning methods on the sleep staging task across 3 large EEG data sets. ContraWR also supersedes supervised learning when fewer training labels are available (eg, 4% accuracy improvement when less than 2% of data are labeled on the Sleep EDF data set). Moreover, the model provides informative, representative feature structures in 2D projection.

CONCLUSIONS

We show that ContraWR is robust to noise and can provide high-quality EEG representations for downstream prediction tasks. The proposed model can be generalized to other unsupervised physiological signal learning tasks. Future directions include exploring task-specific data augmentations and combining self-supervised methods with supervised methods, building upon the initial success of self-supervised learning reported in this study.
Strategi Pelestarian Dan Pengembangan Kesenian Tari Dolalak Sebagai Daya Tarik Wisata Dalam Upaya Mewujudkan Ketahanan Budaya Di Kabupaten Purworejo
Authors: Saryani Saryani
Published: February 2023

ABSTRAKKesenian Tari Dolalak merupakan kesenian asli Kabupaten Purworejo hasil alkuturasi budaya barat dan budaya timur. Kesenian ini adalah warisan budaya peninggalan sejak jaman Belanda. Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmengetahui alasan kesenian Tari Dolalak dapat dijadikan sebagai daya tarik wisata budaya, mengetahui bentuk pelestarian dan pengembangan, serta faktor pendukung dan penghambat serta strategi untuk menjadikan Tari Dolalak sebagai daya tarik wisata budaya.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Sampel diperoleh dari masyarakat yang terlibat langsung dalam pelestarian dan pengembangan kesenian Tari Dolalak yang meliputi Kepala Dinas Pariwisata dan Budaya Kabupaten Purworejo, pamong budaya, sanggar tari, kelompok kesenian Tari Dolalak, serta pelaku seni. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi dan pengisian kuisioner. Kevalidan data diuji dengan Teknik triangulasi serta dianalisis menggunakan model Miles dan Huberman, serta analisis SWOT.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kesenian Tari Dolalak dapat dijadikan sebagai daya tarik wisata budaya di Kabupaten Purworejo. Sedangkan berdasarkan hasil analisis SWOT Tari Dolalak berada pada kuadran I yang berarti kesenian tersebut sangat menguntungkan untuk dikembangkan terutama menggunakan strategi SO (streghts-opportunities).
Desain Pengembangan Potensi UMKM Berbasis Ekonomi Kreatif dan Pariwisata Bahari dan Implikasinya Terhadap Ketahanan Ekonomi Wilayah (Studi di Kabupaten Bone Bolango, Provinsi Gorontalo)
Authors: Niode Idris Yanto , Rahman Endi
Published: February 2023

Penelitian ini mempunyai tujuan untuk merumuskan desain pengembangan potensi UMKM berbasis ekonomi kreatif dan pariwisata bahari sebagai sektor unggulan daerah di Kabupaten Bone Bolango, Gorontalo.               Pendekatan pada kajian ini memakai pendekatan Mix Method Eksploratory dimana untuk penguatan analisis kuantitatif memakai statistik deskriptif. Adapun subjek pada kajian ini ialah Pegawai Dinas Pariwisata Kabupaten Bone Bolango, Dinas Perindag dan UMKM Kabupaten Bone Bolango, Kelembagaan pariwisata, BUMN/BUMS, Universitas, Media, UMKM Kreatif, Wisatawan, Praktisi UMKM dan Perusahaan (Non Perbankan).               Pengumpulan data memakai metode Focus Group Discussion (FGD), penyebaran angket, wawancara terbuka dan terstruktur serta observasi. Analisis data untuk kualitatif memakai pendekatan Miles dan Huberman dan untuk kuantitatif memakai analisis SWOT, Analisis Peran Stakeholder dan analisis Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP).              Hasil kajian menunjukkan jika desain pengembangan potensi UMKM berbasis ekonomi kreatif dan pariwisata bahari sebagai sektor unggulan daerah di Kabupaten Bone Bolango, Gorontalo menghasilkan suatu model intergrasi dan optimalisasi yakni “Pogambango-Hepta Helix Model (PHHM)” yang merupakan model pengembangan dengan langkah konsistensi untuk melakukan integrasi dan optimalisasi produk utama pariwisata dan produk kreatif yang dipadukan dengan kearifan local. Adapun 7 (tujuh) pihak yang berkepentingan dilibatkan dalam “Pogambango Hepta Helix Model (PHHM)” yakni pemerintah yang terdiri dari Dinas Pariwisata dan Dinas Perindag & UMKM (Regulator), komunitas kelembagaan pariwisata (Accelarator), Universitas (Conseptor), BUMN/BUMS (Enabler/Creditur), UMKM Kreatif (Creator/Designer), Media (Catalisator) dan Wisatawan (Afiliator). Desain pengembangan potensi UMKM berbasis ekonomi kreatif dan pariwisata bahari sebagai sektor unggulan daerah di Kabupaten Bone Bolango, Gorontalo bisa dioptimalkan melalui strategi integrasi dan optimalisasi produk utama pariwisata dan produk kreatif yang dipadukan dengan kearifan lokal Kabupaten Bone Bolango, Gorontalo. Berbagai upaya tersebut telah  menciptakan ketahanan ekonomi wilayah dalam bentuk peningkatan kesejahteraan masyarakat.
Reimagining Nephrology Fellowship Education to Meet the Future Needs of Nephrology
Authors: Rosenberg Mark E. , Anderson Sharon , Farouk Samira S. , Gibson Keisha L. , Hoover Robert S. , Humphreys Benjamin D. , Orlowski Janis M. , Udani Suneel M. , Waitzman Joshua S. , West Melissa , Ibrahim Tod
Published: February 2023

The American Society of Nephrology (ASN) Task Force on the Future of Nephrology was established in April 2022 in response to requests from the American Board of Internal Medicine and the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education regarding training requirements in nephrology. Given recent changes in kidney care, ASN also charged the task force with reconsidering all aspects of the specialty's future to ensure that nephrologists are prepared to provide high-quality care for people with kidney diseases. The task force engaged multiple stakeholders to develop 10 recommendations focused on strategies needed to promote: (1) just, equitable, and high-quality care for people living with kidney diseases; (2) the value of nephrology as a specialty to nephrologists, the future nephrology workforce, the health care system, the public, and government; and (3) innovation and personalization of nephrology education across the scope of medical training. This report reviews the process, rationale, and details (the “why” and the “what”) of these recommendations. In the future, ASN will summarize the “how” of implementing the final report and its 10 recommendations.
Application Market of Industrial Robot in China
Authors: Tao Liu
Published: February 2023

Robotics is a programmable mechanical system with a certain autonomy that can exercise in its environment and complete some prescribed tasks. Although industrial robots are robots, they mainly provide duplicate, large quantities, and standard services. Therefore, they also have a certain standardized requirements for the materials and semi -finished products. In addition, because industrial robots are not intelligent enough, the processing of fuzzy range can only be operated according to procedures. For example, when the screen has a small bump, the robot may judge that it cannot be operated, but if it is artificially determined, it can continue to be processed and sold. Even if the development of machine vision can solve these problems to a certain extent, non -standardized operations will reduce efficiency accordingly. Industrial robots can not only achieve simple processes such as handling, but also technically some complex processes can be achieved. However, for the consideration of cost and benefits, most industrial robot manufacturers will not choose to produce such products. Because such demand is not large enough, and the profit margin is not considerable enough.
The Embodied Sari as Political, Personal and Transformative in Monica Ali’s Brick Lane
Authors: Moosa Pireh
Published: February 2023

There is a vast landscape for diasporic perspectives within contemporary South Asian literary discourse. Amidst such dialogue, it is imperative that we revisit the pioneering work of diasporic authors such as Monica Ali. Her novel, Brick Lane (2004), marks a compelling, nuanced portrayal of Bengali diasporic identity that shifts beyond the tendency to assign fixed labels, embracing instead the dynamic tensions and dissonance that diasporic identities bring. In presenting the subjectivities of various Bengali immigrant women, she highlights further the space for contrast even within this diasporic identity ‘group’. I argue that the sari becomes an affective, embodied symbol of dynamism, geography, and feeling for Bengali immigrant women in the novel, representing simultaneous personal and political attachments that shift between characters and across time. I trace certain pivotal scenes within the narrative where the sari carries the subjectivities of its wearers, showcasing an affective capacity in South Asian garments to hold complex stories of place.
"Strange, Funny and Heartrending"
Authors: Clark Liam
Published: February 2023

This essay discusses how music in video games can create a shared experience between the player and the characters within the diegesis by using the game Mother 3 as a case study. Doing so further explores how empathetic music is used in gameplay and narrative contexts. This is done by using Ben Winters’ framework of music and shared experience with added insights from academic literature on video game music and composition. Several key points that arise include the use of leitmotif to catalyse shared experience by changing instrumentation and melodic fragmentation, encouraging interaction with music via sound battles, and the relationship between music and the state of player agency during gameplay. These points serve as a few examples of how music in video games create shared experience, especially in consideration of the ludic nature of video games.
El apoyo a la democracia en México 2021: aproximación a su explicación
Authors: Sorribas Patricia Mariel
Published: February 2023

En el presente estudio se analiza el nivel de apoyo difuso a la democracia en México utilizando los datos de la ronda 2021 del Barómetro de las Américas. Mediante un análisis de regresión ordinal se identifican las principales variables explicativas. Entre ellas destacan dos dimensiones del apoyo a la democracia que contemplan juicios evaluativos que fueron identificadas a partir de un análisis factorial exploratorio. A su vez, se presentan las principales continuidades y discontinuidades en las tendencias observadas para México desde 2016.
Students’ Perception during Negotiation of Meaning in Unfocused and Focused Tasks
Authors: Hamzah Intan
Published: February 2023

This current study aimed to determine the students’ perception of using unfocused and focused tasks. The design of the study was qualitative. The subjects of the study were 10 medical students of UPT Balai Bahasa Universitas Malahayati. The data were collected through speaking tests and questionnaires. The speaking test of speaking focused and unfocused was administrated. The students’ utterances will be recorded and described. The data will be analyzed in which types of negotiation of meaning are done by the speakers.The results of the research showed that the student's perception, open-ended interview method aimed at measuring perceptions of unfocused and focused tasks served as the research instrument. The results showed that the two tasks indicated that the unfocused task was enjoyable to most of the students, yet they failed to get input for the development of their language quality because during the negotiation of meaning they focused more on meaning. Moreover, the focused task was enjoyable for higher language proficiency to do. Hence, it could be inferred that the focused task was not suitable for lower language proficiency.