bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L’épigramme pour Théotimos d’Atrax, CEG 637 (457 av. J.-C.) : mise en page, dialecte, ambiguïtés
Authors: Cassio Albio Cesare
Published: November 2020

L’épigramme pour Théotimos d’Atrax (Thessalie), tombé sur le champ de bataille de Tanagra (457 av. J.-C.), présente des particularités très intéressantes tant du point de vue du contenu que du point de vue formel : élimination des traits dialectaux thessaliens, réinterprétation quasi-panhellénique de la réalité de la bataille de Tanagra et surtout construction raffinée du texte, dont la lecture dans l’ordre inverse, c’est-à-dire (1) pentamètre (2) hexamètre, n’est pas préférable, mais n’est pas exclue non plus.
Πετροκόλαπτον ἔπος : dialecte et langue poétique dans les inscriptions versifiées crétoises
Authors: Déniz Alcorac Alonso
Published: November 2020

S’étendant du v e  siècle av. J.-C. jusqu’au v e  siècle de notre ère, le corpus crétois d’inscriptions en vers est constitué, d’une part, de quelque 120 épigrammes (pour la plupart funéraires et votives) trouvées dans l’île et dans d’autres régions du monde hellénique et, d’autre part, de quelques compositions métriques non épigrammatiques, toutes de thématique sacrée. Dans cette contribution, j’analyse les points communs et les traits spécifiques qui caractérisent la langue de compositions en vers des diverses cités crétoises dès le v e jusqu’au i er  siècle av. J.-C. Le nombre d’épigrammes funéraires et votives antérieures à ca 300 av. J.-C. étant très réduit, on ne peut déterminer avec certitude si les poètes préféraient composer dans leur dialecte local, quoique les dialectalismes ne soient pas évités. Les épigrammes de la période hellénistique offrent, à une exception près, une langue très standardisée et peu innovante par rapport aux modèles bien établis du genre littéraire, le choix des formes linguistiques locales étant ponctuel et asystématique. En revanche, les textes crétois appartenant à d’autres traditions poétiques sont plus perméables à l’influence des variétés dialectales locales.
Trajectoires professionnelles et influence des intermédiaires en milieu hospitalier
Authors: Belorgey Nicolas
Published: November 2020

La plupart des positions de pouvoir ou d’influence à l’hôpital sont occupées par des personnes relevant de quatre types de trajectoires professionnelles : médecins, directeurs d’hôpitaux, ingénieurs, cadres de santé. S’y ajoutent, pour dessiner la galaxie des intermédiaires du pouvoir hospitalier, les grandes administrations, les syndicats et les cabinets de conseil. Ces dernières décennies ont été marquées par une capacité croissante d’influence des cabinets de conseil, mais uniquement car ceux-ci sont parvenus à recruter des personnes issues des quatre filières traditionnelles. Cet article retrace la provenance en termes de recrutement de cette catégorie d’acteurs particuliers que sont les intermédiaires hospitaliers, et analyse leur positionnement en s’appuyant sur des données portant sur la période 2003-2008, qui correspond à un moment important de la réforme du système de santé.
Hospital Resource Utilization Associated With Endoprosthetic Reconstruction Versus Primary Arthroplasty
Authors: Hoedt Christopher W. , Kellish Alec S. , Frisby Justin C. , Rivera-Pintado Christopher , Kim Tae Won , Gutowski Christina J.
Published: November 2020

Endoprosthetic reconstructions of the hip and knee are currently reimbursed as primary hip and knee arthroplasty according to
Current Procedural Terminology
(
CPT
) coding guidelines. The purpose of this study was to compare hospital resources consumed by patients undergoing endoprosthetic reconstruction with those consumed by patients undergoing primary arthroplasty. The authors' hypothesis was that the former group carries more comorbidities, experiences longer length of stay (LOS), and has greater resource consumption. A retrospective review was performed of 61 patients undergoing endoprosthetic reconstruction and 745 patients undergoing primary hip or knee arthroplasty between 2015 and 2018 at a single institution. Demographic, clinical, and financial data were compared. The Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) was used to measure patients' health status and identify comorbidities associated with prolonged LOS through linear regression analysis. Patients who underwent endoprosthetic reconstruction had a greater than 3.5 times average LOS compared with primary arthroplasty patients: 10.81 days vs 2.94 days (
P
<.01). They demonstrated a higher mean CCI, higher rates of malignancy and pulmonary disease, and a wider age range. Their mean cost of care totaled $73,730.29, compared with $24,940.84 imposed by primary arthroplasty patients (
P
<.01). Significant predictors of LOS were malignancy status (metastatic or localized) and age younger than 50 years, with increased LOS being associated with increased cost. Patients undergoing endoprosthetic reconstruction of the hip and knee represent a fundamentally different patient population than primary arthroplasty patients based on comorbidities, variability in health status, and surgical indications. They have higher comorbidity scores and longer hospitalizations and consume more financial resources than primary arthroplasty patients. [
Orthopedics
. 2021;44(1):e73–e79.]
Evaluating the Readability of Online Patient Education Materials Related to Orthopedic Oncology
Authors: Para Ashok , Thelmo Franklin , Rynecki Nicole D. , Zelman Brandon , Gupta Raghav , Coban Daniel , Ayyaswami Varun , Prabhu Arpan V. , Ippolito Joseph A. , Agarwal Nitin , Moore Justin M. , Beebe Kathleen S.
Published: November 2020

The internet is increasingly used to access patient education materials. The average American reading level has been found to be that of a 7th- to 8th-grade student, prompting the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the American Medical Association (AMA) to advise that patient education materials be written between the 4th- to 6th-grade reading level. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reading level of current patient education materials for the most common musculoskeletal oncological tumors. A Google search was performed with all location filters off to account for geographic variability for patient education materials related to 28 orthopedic primary or secondary tumors. All patient education articles from the first 10 website hits for each tumor type were analyzed. Patient education materials from these websites were evaluated using 8 validated readability scales. Patient resources were found to be written at an average grade level nearly double the NIH and AMA recommendation. Patient education materials for soft tissue chondromas were written at the highest level (14.8±1.9), whereas education materials for chordomas (10.1±1.0) most closely approached national recommendations, despite still being written at a readability level nearly 4 grade levels higher than has been recommended. The Flesch Reading Ease assessment provided a mean score of 46.5±7.7, corresponding with a “difficult to read” result. Current patient education materials regarding oncological musculoskeletal-related patient education materials are written significantly above the recommended reading level. Further modification of these resources is warranted to ensure adequate comprehension and informed decision making in the clinical setting. [
Orthopedics
. 2021;44(1):38–42.]
The Effect of Knee Flexion on Length Changes and Stress Distribution of Ligaments: A Displacement Controlled Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Xiao Yang , Feng Xiaoreng , Song Yang , Chen Guo , Liu Fei , Leung Frankie K. L. , Chen Bin
Published: November 2020

The use of dynamic finite element analysis to investigate the biomechanical behavior of the knee joint is mainly based on movement of the joint. Challenges are associated with simulation of knee joint flexion-extension activity. This study investigated changes in the length and stress state of ligaments during lunge with a displacement controlled finite element analysis of the knee joint based on in vivo fluoroscopic kinematic data. The geometric center axis (GCA) was used to represent knee kinematics to quantify femoral motion relative to the tibia. Because the GCA was considered as a functional flexion axis, 2 degrees of freedom could be reduced. Published data on the in vivo fluoroscopic kinematic features of the GCA were used to establish the equations for degrees of freedom. Data for 4 degrees of freedom were obtained simultaneously at every 5° of knee flexion. Displacement and rotation were applied to the femur and tibia to produce relative displacement, and the elongation and stress state of the knee ligaments were computed. The predictions confirmed that lunge affected the biomechanical behavior of ligaments. Displacement controlled finite element analysis of knee flexion can be simulated on the basis of fluoroscopic kinematic data to achieve physiologic movement. [
Orthopedics
. 2021;44(1):e61–e67.]
The Utility of Obtaining a Complete Blood Count After Total Knee Arthroplasty in the Era of Tranexamic Acid
Authors: Mills Emily S. , Ellman Michael B. , Foran Jared R. H.
Published: November 2020

Questioning the routine use of postoperative laboratory tests is a strategy to combat rising health care costs. The goal of this study was to determine the utility and cost of routine postoperative complete blood count (CBC) testing after primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in the era of tranexamic acid (TXA). This retrospective chart review identified patients who underwent primary TKA performed by a single surgeon at a single private institution during a 2-year period. All patients received TXA intraoperatively. Exact tests were used to determine whether there was a significant difference in transfusion rates between patients with and without preoperative anemia. Of 628 primary TKA procedures, 390 patients (62.10%) had anemia postoperatively. However, only 1 patient (0.16%) required transfusion. A total of 956 CBC tests were performed without intervention, at a total cost of $116,804.08. In addition, 1 of 26 patients with preoperative anemia vs 0 of 602 patients without preoperative anemia required transfusion (
P
=.04). Healthy patients undergoing primary TKA who receive TXA do not require postoperative CBC. This change has the potential to reduce this laboratory cost by more than 97% compared with the current practice of obtaining postoperative CBC testing for every patient undergoing TKA. Only patients with preoperative anemia should undergo postoperative CBC testing to help to identify those who require transfusion. The potential health care savings associated with eliminating routine postoperative CBC testing are substantial and should be considered by arthroplasty surgeons. [
Orthopedics
. 2021;44(1):e26–e30.]
Adoption of Digital Solutions for Agriculture in Africa
Authors: Odhiambo Charles Ochieng , Kaprom Titus Pkukat , Chepkangor David Kipngetich
Published: November 2020

This chapter explores the digital innovations in the financial services sector relevant to sustainable agricultural production, the extent of their availability to the farmers and impact on productivity. It also assesses application of digital solutions on knowledge management and delivery of agricultural extension services to the farmers. Digital transformation in agricultural projects has also been covered in this chapter covering the entire project life cycle; production tasks are currently delivered as projects. Lastly, this chapter also looks at the digital innovations in marketing agricultural products.
Digital Remediation of African Folklore
Authors: Wabwire Jonai
Published: November 2020

This chapter examines the transformation of oral and written storytelling practices in African folklore industry to online digital platforms. The chapter engages the complexities, limits, and constraints of the stakeholders participatory model as it informs digital storytelling, and applies theoretical tactics to community media and the digital storytelling movement to develop an analytic framework for understanding how these stories can be used to give a voice to the voiceless, raise awareness, increase education, and promote democracy. Folklores serve a descriptive as well as prescriptive role by consistently depicting societal and cultural norms. The increasing usage of new media technologies amongst the producers and audiences of these folklores cannot be ruled out in Africa.
Peptic Ulcer Disease
Authors: Abumunaser Albatool
Published: November 2020

This chapter will discuss a peptic ulcer disease (PUD) case. PUD is a common gastrointestinal tract disease (GIT) that affects the stomach and duodenum. It is characterized by deep lesions into the mucosal thickness. Various dietary and behavioral choices could aggravate the epigastric pain associated with PUD and interfere with the healing process leading to complications. Management of PUD includes medical treatment with medications along with behavioral and nutritional changes. This case presents a complication of PUD, and choices exacerbating the condition. It will also discuss the role of medical nutrition therapy in minimizing the symptoms and promoting ulcer healing. Additionally, it will allow the dietetic professional to methodically assess the elements in the case that are relevant for planning the nutrition intervention; in addition to, educating the patient about dietary modifications to improve the patient's quality of life.
Phasor Measurement Improvement Using Digital Filter in a Smart Grid
Authors: Ouadi Abderrahmane , Zitouni Abdelkader
Published: November 2020

During a transient operation condition of power smart grid, line current may include unwanted components that may cause unnecessary tripping of protection system. The disturbance mainly appears in a form of harmonics and sub-harmonics. In this case of signal waveforms including harmonics, the low pass filter may be used. However, this type of filter does not provide the ability to reject sub-harmonics. This chapter presents the digital filtering design issue based on optimization approach for removing sub-harmonics and hence improving the measurement. The first point of view is to reach an unified accurate phasor measurement algorithm that is immune to nearly all disturbances (sub-harmonics) in power grid including FACT devices and renewable energy sources, simultaneously with required speed of convergence. The second point focuses on reducing the computational requirement and algorithm complexity through designing recursive digital filter with reduced order.
Role of Urban Vegetation
Authors: Ayub Muhammad Ashar , Farooqi Zia Ur Rahman , Umar Wajid , Nadeem Muhammad , Ahmad Zahoor , Fatima Hina , Iftikhar Irfan , Zohaib Anjum Muhammad
Published: November 2020

Increasing world population is the main reason behind rapid urbanization which is coupled with environmental pollutions (i.e., air, water, soil, noise, and atmospheric pollution). Urbanization is responsible for deteriorating living standards and quality of life for humans in major metropolitan cities around the world. The urban ecosystem leaves a major impact on world renewable resources and carbon footprint. Urban vegetation and forests can help in net balancing and buffering of immense pollutant surge intro urban ecosystems being done due to urbanization. Extensive urbanization is responsible for more and more wastewater and gaseous pollutant release in the environment which urban forests can help tackle effectively. Moreover, city vegetation also plays a critical role in decreasing city surface temperatures thus helping shrinkage of the urban heat island. The present draft presents the role of urban vegetation in effective management and buffering of urban microclimate.
Urban Forestry in Sabah, Malaysia
Authors: Mojiol Andy Russel , Lim Wing Shen
Published: November 2020

This chapter provides a holistic understanding of the existing conditions of urban green spaces in Sabah by reviewing relevant past studies and publications. Nature serves as the foundation in the establishment of pocket parks, urban parks, and forest protected areas that are made available for public access within and outside of the major urban areas in Sabah. Presently, both native and exotic flora and fauna species are coexisting at the local urban green spaces, although some invasive exotic species have developed into urban pests of Sabah. Moreover, the importance and functions of urban green spaces in maintaining the well-being of mankind and ensuring the survival of indigenous wildlife species are acknowledged by society. Nevertheless, much research is required to fill up the research gaps of urban forestry, and also to provide solutions to the existing problems that happened at the urban green spaces in Sabah.
Diversifying Urbanization in the Context of Sustainable Urban Development
Authors: Yadav Krishan Kumar , Dhanwantri Kumud
Published: November 2020

The world is experiencing a phenomenal pattern of urbanization with diverse spatial, social, economic, political, and environmental consequences. Its diversity and dynamism are more apparent in developing economies like India. Urban settlements present two distinct features of urbanization – opportunities and challenges. Opportunities in terms of being ‘Engines of Growth', 'Center of Knowledge', and 'Concentration of socio-economic activities', while challenges are faced in terms of social, economic, and environmental consequences. Haryana sub-region is no exception to this trend. Theoretical framework using data and information forms the basis while examining critical arguments in pursuit to minimize these challenges. This chapter results in a sustainable development of a framework, channelizing the opportunities in the urbanization process.
Resourced-Based View and Internationalisation of Social Enterprises
Authors: Pinho José Carlos M. R. , Macedo Isabel Maria , Dionisio Marcelo
Published: November 2020

Due to recent economic, social, and public health drawbacks, social enterprises (SEs) play an increasingly important role in addressing a wide range of social problems, as part of their market-based approach to social value creation. Since SEs operate mainly in challenging contexts characterized by scarce resource environments, they need to develop strategies in order to effectively accomplish their missions while achieving organisational sustainability. Often, SEs expand their activity overseas within an internationalisation strategy. The purpose of this study is to examine the role of resources in the internationalisation strategy undertaken by SEs. The study applies the resource-based view (RBV) to understand how the type and nature of resources may influence the international activities pursued by these organisations. The findings highlight the important role of different key resources in the growth, sustainability and internationalisation of SEs.
Assessing the Relationship Between Brand Image, Market Orientation, and Competitive Advantage
Authors: Lima Rua Orlando , Santos Catarina
Published: November 2020

This study aims to analyze the relationship between intangible resources, namely the brand image, and competitive advantage through differentiation and market orientation. To this end, using a quantitative methodological approach, an empirical study was carried out with Portuguese companies exporting the footwear industry, to which a questionnaire survey was applied, resulting in a sample of 86 companies. Findings show that (1) the brand image has a direct, positive, and significant impact on market orientation and on competitive advantage through differentiation and that (2) market orientation has a significant impact on competitive advantage through differentiation.
How Does Globalization Relate to Corruption?
Authors: Caetano José Manuel , Caleiro António Bento
Published: November 2020

The interactions between globalization and corruption do not seem to be consensual because, in addition to the complexity inherent in measuring these variables, there are a number of different channels that can generate contradictory effects. As such, the analysis this chapter proposes to develop will take into account the results of studies that point to the non-linearity of the relationship between corruption and globalization. In doing so, the chapter inserts in the analysis new dimensions on the measurement of globalization and, also, the levels of economic development of the wide sample of countries considered in this study. This methodology makes it possible to verify that the relationship between globalization and corruption depends on the country's level of development.
Globalization of Stock Market, Economic Growth, and Geopolitical Risk
Authors: Yildirim Ecenur Ugurlu
Published: November 2020

Although the significance of the foreign investors constructing the significant magnitude of GDP increases for the emerging markets, their equity markets' attractiveness is affected by their vulnerability to geopolitical risk. The purpose of this study is to empirically investigate the effect of the stock market globalization on the correlation between economic growth and geopolitical risk in Brazil. After the dynamic correlation between economic growth and the geopolitical risk in Brazil is obtained by DCC-GARCH(1,1) methodology, the nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) model is employed to examine the asymmetric relationship among variables. The findings demonstrate while the changes in the globalization of the stock market decrease the connection between economic growth and geopolitical risk in the long-run, the positive changes in the participation of foreign investors make economic growth and geopolitical risk more connected the in short-run. Moreover, this impact is asymmetric. This chapter provides valuable implications for international investors and policymakers.
Institutional, Economic, and Social Impacts of Globalization and Liberalization
Authors: Murat Dilek , Güzel Simla
Published: November 2020

The present study aimed to rank the financial development levels of European Union (EU) nations and Turkey based on selected financial and economic indicators. Thus, the most recent annual data for these countries (2017) were analyzed with grey relational analysis (GRA). In the analysis, the decision criteria for 24 EU member nations and Turkey were determined as public debt, public expenditure, unemployment rate, Gini coefficient, and GDP growth. The grey coefficient scores obtained in the analysis revealed the financial performance ranking for the analyzed nations. Based on the entropy weighting method (EM) ranking, the top three countries with highest scores were Ireland, Czech Republic, and Slovakia, while the countries with the lowest scores were Spain, Italy, and Greece.
Understanding FDI in Socialist Nations
Authors: Deshmukh Jayanth Narendra
Published: November 2020

The link between foreign direct investment and economic growth has been widely studied. The studies have provided insights into how developing nations enable growth by adjusting policies to entice investors. Foreign investors entering emerging markets have to make strategic decisions on how to set up their operations. Investors look for markets and countries that would maximize their returns and position themselves as leaders in the industry. Hence, understanding entry requirements and economic policies are vital to understanding FDI. Keeping this in mind, this chapter analyses FDI in socialist nations and how their policies have evolved over time. The chapter will analyze the motivations and trends in FDI and how institutional conditions have enabled or impeded growth. The chapter studies China and Vietnam and compares their approach to FDI. The chapter uses Eclectic Theory posited by Dunning to understand changes in policies and how socialist nations are evolving to accept FDIs. The chapter concludes with a comparison section and presents scope for further research.
Local Governments on the Way at the Provision of Gender Equality
Authors: Önez Çetin Zuhal
Published: November 2020

The provision of gender equality has been a critical agenda for public administrations and organizations. In Turkey, both local governments and central government has been dealing with initiatives towards the provision of equality of man and woman. At that context, Republic of Turkey Ministry of Interior, Foreign Affairs and European Union Department 2010 Circular on “Human Rights of Women and Girls” is an important Circular in terms of local governments and the issue of gender in Turkey. At the study, the local governments' relation with the issue of gender equality has searched. At that framework, firstly, the concepts of gender and gender equality have explained. Secondly, the national documents in related to women in Turkey, and Local Equality Action Plans of six provinces in the context of the Republic of Turkey Ministry of Interior and United Nations Protecting the Human Rights of Women and Girls and Development Joint Program have been explained to search the local governments' relation with the issue of gender, and lastly some practices of local governments have explained on the issue of gender equality.
Do We Have to Rethink Sovereign Debt of Developing Countries?
Authors: Ajili Wissem
Published: November 2020

The chapter joins new reflections interested in measuring welfare and social progress. The main objective is to determine whether the sovereign debt management process in developing countries is economically viable, socially equitable, and ecologically sustainable. The analysis advocates rethinking the sovereign debt around the idea of social sustainability, that is, the non-questioning of the living conditions of present and future generations and their economic, social, and political choices. The chapter suggests the need for developing countries (1) to ensure a comprehensive management of public debt based on the co-responsibility of both the indebted countries and their creditors, (2) to borrow in priority to finance the most productive investment expenditures, which can have an impact on the populations' standards of living and on economic prosperity, and (3) to reduce the use of austerity programs and anti-social policies.
The Effect of Defense Expenditures and Peace on Economic Growth
Authors: Sasmaz Mahmut Unsal , Zeybekoglu Abdullah
Published: November 2020

Throughout history countries have tried to gain power in order to get advantages for the issues such as providing territorial integrity, social security and internal and external security. As a result of this power-gaining race, defense expenditures had a significant place in countries' economies. In its broad sense, defense expenditures are defined as the share reserved from the national income for the country's defense in order to provide internal and external security of the state and maintain the order and safety of the community. The size of defense expenditures varies from country to country for various reasons. In this study the effect of defense expenditures and peace as a global public good on economic growth was analyzed in 11 European Union countries (transition economies) between 2007 and 2017 with the help of panel data analysis. As a result of the study it was found out that there was a positive relationship between economic growth and defense expenditures. However, a negative relationship was identified between economic growth and peace level.
The Business Transformation Framework and Enterprise Architecture Framework
Authors: Trad Antoine
Published: November 2020

In this chapter, the author based his research on his authentic mixed multidisciplinary applied mathematical model that is supported by a tree-base heuristics module, named the applied holistic mathematical model for organizational asset management (AHMM4OAM), where the proposed AHMM4OAM is similar to the human empirical decision making process, which can be applied to any type of asset management discipline, in order to support the evolution of organisational, national, or enterprise asset management. The AHMM4OAM can be used for the detection of financial irregularities, assets optimisations and eventual dangers for the organisation's or national assets. In the case of gigantic financial misdeeds that endanger national assets, which are related to fraud and money laundering that damage many organisations and even countries, and in this concrete case it is related to the Swiss, Union des Banques Suisse (UBS), in which 32 trillion US dollars are hidden and is the problem of global financial disequilibria. The AHMM4OAM is supported by a real-life case of a organisational (or business) transformation architecture in the domain of organizational (or enterprise) asset management (OAM) that is supported by the alignment of a standardized organisational or enterprise architecture blueprint.
Foreign Language (English) Learning in Cross-Cultural Communication in Indonesia
Authors: Willyarto Mario Nugroho , Yunus Ulani , Wahyuningtyas Bhernadetta Pravita
Published: November 2020

The use of English in all aspects, especially in the world of education in Indonesia, has become more popular. Indonesia has a strategic location geographically, the need to be able to communicate in English is inevitable. This chapter was focusing on the foreign-language learning of Indonesian people regarding their interaction with people from other countries and cultures, which is using English. There were several previous researches taken, to be discussed in this chapter in supporting the idea that interaction with people from different countries and cultures would be able to promote the process of foreign-language (English) learning in verbal communication, especially for Indonesian people. Researches came up with the results that cross-cultural communication of Indonesian showing that the circumstances were giving a positive impact for their work and life, either professionally or personally. The verbal interaction should be conducted well to a better understanding. In order to communicate well, one should be able to master the international language, in this case is English.
Taxation Chapter in Turkey's Europan Union Membership Process
Authors: Aydın Murat
Published: November 2020

With the signing of the Ankara Agreement in 1964, Turkey established economic relations with the EU of today for the first time. The EU candidate status was granted in 1999 and negotiations started in 2005. There are 35 chapters in the EU full membership process. One of the chapters is the Taxation Chapter. The aim of this study is to examine the taxation process between EU and Turkey. In this study, document scanning method has been used. In this context, Ankara Agreement, Financial Protocol, Provisional Protocol, Additional Protocol, Progress Reports, and Screening Meetings have been comprehensively screened. At the end of the study, the taxation provisions of the two parties have been set out in detail.
Contextual Factors for Rural Entrepreneurship and Innovation
Authors: Khandelwal Ruchi , Jain Ruchi , Kapoor Deepa
Published: November 2020

Innovation and entrepreneurship are intertwined as entrepreneurs seek opportunities and innovations are the instruments that make them successful. Entrepreneurship and innovation are not constricted to the initial stages of a new venture alone and these are invincible processes that can lead to growth and sustainability of business in the dynamic environment. Rural entrepreneurship can be regarded as risk-taking behavior appropriate to opportunity, as well as to mobilize human, material, and financial resources in order to fulfill innovative projects in rural areas. There are multifaceted issues associated with the growth of rural entrepreneurs which need intervention by various political, economic, and social organizations. This chapter attempts to highlight specific contextual factors for rural entrepreneurship and innovation.
An Application of the “Amplifying Casual Looping” Model to Manor House Management
Authors: Braga José Luís , Dionísio Marta
Published: November 2020

This chapter attempts to explain the main strategies adopted by the hosts of manor houses when they engage in lodging activities. The present research draws on 53 non-structured interviews made to owners/hosts of housing tourism facilities (HT). The methodological approach used is classic grounded theory (CGT). CGT encompasses a set of strict research procedures leading to concepts which explain what is going on in the HT substantive area. Within this context, the authors reveal a theoretical code, designated as ‘amplifying casual looping', which the authors believe has the merit of effectively conceptualizing the substantive codes generated by us. This causal model broadens in both directions: positive (virtuous circle) and negative (vicious circle).
Rural Entrepreneurship in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Thanh-Thuy , Shahreki Javad , Hong Pham Van , Tung Nguyen Van
Published: November 2020

Rural Vietnam can be defined in three settings that include agriculture, rural development, and rural livelihoods, in which the agriculture has played a critical role in Vietnam's economy, contributing 20% to the GDP and 40% to the working population. This chapter attempts to identify the facilitators and potential barriers to rural entrepreneurship in Vietnam by following a qualitative research design examining the literature. Further, the chapter particularly attempts to identify the facilitators and potential barriers to develop rural entrepreneurship in the high-tech context. The analysis of the study illustrates the two most critical facilitators for rural entrepreneurship in Vietnam as “enterprise capitals” and “innovation including technology.” Further, the study also highlighted barriers such as “limited access to distribution channels” and “limited access to business support and technology.”
Reformation of Public Administration in Conflict-Affected States
Authors: Barbak Ahmet
Published: November 2020

This chapter investigates the reformation process of public administration in the Republic of Sudan after the Comprehensive Peace Agreement signed in 2005. Adopting decentralization as the key solution to conflict, reformation of public administration in Sudan found its impetus after the CPA. International organizations, namely the World Bank, United Nations Development Programme, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, and the International Monetary Fund, have engaged with Sudan through a variety of structural and sectoral adjustment programs. Drawing heavily on the analysis of related policy documents, this chapter, ultimately, seeks to depict how public administration reforms are identified and structured in conflict-affected contexts, compared to safe and stable conditions. At this point, it can be concluded that Sudan needs to determine its constitutional political identity first for succesful transition to democracy. Sudan seems unlikely to complete reforming its public administration unless it could have resolved issues of democratic transition and poverty.
Strategic Disaster Management
Authors: Korkın Erhan , Genç Fatma Neval
Published: November 2020

In this study, by considering the relationship between disaster management and sustainable development in general, disaster management is handled with strategic management and planning approach and its roles in sustainable development are emphasized. Besides literature search, the study primarily focused on disaster management, then, through the example of Turkey, disaster management and development of disaster policy were evaluated on the basis of sustainability and strategic planning. In addition, it was emphasized that for Turkey and other countries alike, disaster management should not only be considered as an emergency event, but it should also be handled in the national strategic plans and targets with a multi-stakeholder, governance approach that includes all dimensions such as risk mitigation, intervention, improvement and reconstruction. For this purpose, it is planned to include suggestions on how common development and cooperation models should be on a national and international scale.
Systemic Problems of Public Personnel Management in Turkey
Authors: Tahtalioğlu Hava
Published: November 2020

Public personnel system of Turkey creates various problems, which are related with the ill-planned nature of the system, which is continuously amended and which swings between the career-based and position-based systems. Uncertainty about using career-based or position-based systems is caused by not only the variety of public personnel, but also administrative, political, and social factors. This study aims to find if Turkish personnel management system has evolved towards the career-based or the position-based system. For this aim, the author firstly provides general information on public personnel systems and the history of Turkish public personnel system. Next, the author determines whether the Turkish public personnel system is evolving towards the career-based or position-based system by analyzing the regulations on Turkish public personnel system. The author also analyzes the underlying administrative, political, and social factors behind this evolution. Finally, this study is evaluated perceptions about the type of public personnel system in Turkey.
A Survey on Network Intrusion Detection Using Deep Generative Networks for Cyber-Physical Systems
Authors: M. Srikanth Yadav , R. Kalpana
Published: November 2020

In the present computing world, network intrusion detection systems are playing a vital part in detecting malicious activities, and enormous attention has been given to deep learning from several years. During the past few years, cyber-physical systems (CPSs) have become ubiquitous in modern critical infrastructure and industrial applications. Safety is therefore a primary concern. Because of the success of deep learning (DL) in several domains, DL-based CPS security applications have been developed in the last few years. However, despite the wide range of efforts to use DL to ensure safety for CPSs. The major challenges in front of the research community are developing an efficient and reliable ID that is capable of handling a large amount of data, in analyzing the changing behavioral patterns of attacks in real-time. The work presented in this manuscript reviews the various deep learning generative methodologies and their performance in detecting anomalies in CPSs. The metrics accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score are used to measure the performance.
Barriers and Enablers of Immigrant Career Experiences and Outcomes
Authors: Yongo Cyd W. Nzyoka
Published: November 2020

Perspectives surrounding the barriers and enablers of immigrant career experiences and outcomes have been a long time coming. Discussions on these are more crucial than ever before, considering the multitudinous numbers of immigrants spread out globally today, as compared to 20-30 years ago. Several global case studies and divergent examples, drawn from true life trajectories are showcased, to shed pertinent insights into this discourse. Concurrently, the chapter aims to substantiate the barriers immigrants face, hence deterring their career success, due to reasons that include illegal immigration status, criminal offenses, cultural and language barriers, mental illness, poorly orchestrated plans, discrimination, diversity and homophilic concerns, among others. Conversely, enablers immigrants face leading to successful careers include education, networks, government policies, appropriate immigration status, family support, and support agencies, among others. Knowledge of these should enhance empowered future decision making and an elevator for immigrants to excel.
The Occupational Downgrading of Immigrants and Its Effects on Their Career Development
Authors: Adversario Jan
Published: November 2020

This chapter explores the phenomenon of occupational downgrading experiences of adult immigrants in the U.S. It starts with a brief history of immigration to the United States to point out salient events and movements that have created the current socio-political and economic landscape for immigration. Then, it zeroes in on the occupational downgrading phenomenon and how shapes immigrants' integration to the U.S. workforce, including barriers and challenges impacting their career experiences and development. These elements include racial discrimination, language barrier, lack of social networks, and transferability of skills. Finally, it offers recommendations for career development professionals and educators to address the current situation.
Career Identity Development Process
Authors: Opiri Jane A. , Otundo Joseph O.
Published: November 2020

This chapter focuses on the career development process of African immigrant women living in the US. The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences these women undergo after migration and how they negotiate these experiences to develop their careers. A qualitative inquiry, motivated by a grounded theory methodology, was used to collect data. In depth interviews using open ended and semi structured questions were used. Five participants were recruited using purposive and snowball sampling. Data was transcribed from the semi-structured interviews conducted with each participant and analyzed using thematic analysis. Five themes were generated, revealing gender specific experiences of these African women immigrants during their career journey. Data collected also revealed barriers and challenges in the process of career identity development process. The findings might provide useful information to career counselors who play a key role in helping immigrant women navigate through career transitions in a new country.
A Dialogic Synthesis of the Career Development
Authors: Ukasoanya Grace
Published: November 2020

With an increase in precarity globally, there is a need to emphasize proactive self-management of the PhD process for international doctoral students. They may better manage their PhD training journeys if approached as a quest for life career construction. This chapter contributes to research that situates PhD training experience in self-construction of career. The author highlights the self-work that international doctoral students undertake as they construct life careers through a PhD process. She concludes that international doctoral students begin to design their careers from the PhD application process and continue throughout the space and span of the training. She recommends that the counseling field explore different ways to use self and career design approaches to develop self-management orientation resources for international doctoral students.
Entrepreneurship and Innovation in Low-Density Territories
Authors: Almeida João , Daniel Ana Dias
Published: November 2020

Due to ongoing and future world challenges, low-density and rural territories (LDTs) are suffering more and more from unequal economic and social development. Those are characterized by several structural weaknesses that affect their economic and social development as in a vicious circle of decline. Both policymakers and scholars recognise the importance of having more systematic support to entrepreneurship and innovation practices in order to foster the local development of these territories. In Portugal, LDTs cover 75% of the territory but only 19% of the Portuguese population. This chapter aims to contribute to the literature on this topic by providing an overview of the entrepreneurship and innovation in Portuguese low-density municipalities through the analysis of existent literature, policies, data, and best practices in this field, through an in-depth analysis of the Portuguese Centro region. Several recommendations for policymakers are made and several clues for future research are provided.
The Trinomial Food-Heritage-Education for Climate Emergency as a Tool for Territorial Innovation in the Euroregion of Eixo Atlântico
Authors: Carvalho Sara Costa , Ángel Cartea Pablo Meira , Azeiteiro Ulisses M.
Published: November 2020

This chapter is dedicated to the food-heritage-education for climate emergency trinomial (FoHECE). It disseminates a study in the Euroregion of Eixo Atlântico. This Euroregion (Galicia, Spain and Northern Portugal) has been a victim of climate change (CC) due to drought. The project consisted of a participatory-action-research (PAR) with a set of environmental education facilities (EEF) that promote the connection local heritage-global reality. The main objective of the study was to help re-signifying activities in education for climate emergency based on dietary styles. Thus, a pedagogical activity was created with each facility, according to the PAR methodology, to sub-themes of the diet-CC binomial (e.g,. types of food consumed, origin, type of production, presentation) and to food aspects of each EEF surrounding. In addition to the state-of-the-art review on FoHECE, results are discussed, and recommendations are suggested for future approaches and adaptations of this methodology to other contexts.
Rural Provenance Food as Cultural Heritage
Authors: Figueiredo Elisabete
Published: November 2020

The aim of this chapter is to reflect on rural provenance food as cultural heritage, discussing at the same time its contribution to promoting rural development and renewed rural-urban connections in Portugal. This chapter takes a selection of urban retailers (the so-called gourmet or specialized stores) located in Lisbon, Portugal, as the starting point of the discussion. In fact, in commercializing rural food products—generally perceived as higher quality and presenting unique characteristics—urban retailers are selling a piece of the countryside, a piece of specific terroirs, a piece of cultural identity, and a particular vision of the world and savoir-faire. Based on the content analysis of the stores' promotional materials, it is possible to conclude that a growing gourmetization and heritagization in the commercialization of rural provenance food products is taking place in urban contexts. The promotion of foodstuffs held by the stores also relies on the claim that provenance matters, whether that provenance is portrayed as local, regional, or national.
Data Mining of MR Technical Parameters
Authors: Murraças Adriana , Martins Paula Maria Vaz , Ferreira Carlos Daniel Cipriani , Godinho Tiago Marques , Ferreira da Silva Augusto Marques
Published: November 2020

Exposure to radiofrequency (RF) energy during a magnetic resonance imaging exam is a safety concern related to biological thermal effects. Estimation of the specific absorption rate (SAR) is done by manufacturer scanner integrated tools to monitor RF energy. This work presents an exploratory approach of DICOM metadata focused in whole-body SAR values, patient dependent parameters, and pulse sequences. Previously acquired abdominopelvic and head studies were retrieved from a 3 Tesla scanner. Dicoogle tool was used for metadata indexing, mining, and extraction. Specifically weighted pulse sequences were related with weight, BMI, and gender through boxplot diagrams and effect size analysis. A decrease of SAR values with increasing body weight and BMI categories is observable for abdominopelvic studies. Head studies showed different trends regarding distinct pulse sequences; in addition, underage patients register higher SAR values compared to adults. Male individuals register marginally higher SAR values. Metadata recording practices and standardization need to be improved.