bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tissue distribution of teneligliptin in rats and comparisons with data reported for other dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors
Authors: Nakamaru Yoshinobu , Akahoshi Fumihiko , Iijima Hiroaki , Hisanaga Noriko , Kume Toshiyuki
Published: January 2016

The tissue distribution of teneligliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)‐4 inhibitor, was investigated in rats, and compared with tissue distributions previously reported for other DPP‐4 inhibitors. Following the oral administration of [14C]teneligliptin to Sprague–Dawley rats, it was predominantly distributed to the kidney and liver, followed by the lung, spleen and pituitary gland. The elimination half‐life (t1/2) of [14C]teneligliptin was 68.3 and 69.0 h in the kidney and liver, respectively; these values were about 10 times greater than the plasma t1/2. Of note, the elimination of [14C]teneligliptin from tissues with high DPP‐4 activity (kidney, liver and lung) was slower in wild‐type rats than in DPP‐4‐deficient rats, especially in the kidney. By contrast, in the heart and pancreas, which weakly express DPP‐4, no difference was observed in [14C]teneligliptin concentrations between the two animal strains. In the kidney, most radioactivity was attributable to unchanged teneligliptin from 0.5 to 72 h after administration. The marked difference in the distribution of [14C]teneligliptin between the two strains suggests that the high binding affinity of teneligliptin for DPP‐4 is involved in its tissue distribution. The currently marketed DPP‐4 inhibitors are highly distributed to the liver, kidney and lung, but the extent of tissue distribution varies greatly among the drugs. The differences in the tissue distributions of DPP‐4 inhibitors might be related to differences in their pleiotropic effects. © 2016 The Authors Biopharmaceutics & Drug Disposition Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Single neuron transcriptome analysis can reveal more than cell type classification
Authors: Harbom Lise J. , Chronister William D. , McConnell Michael J.
Published: January 2016

A recent single cell mRNA sequencing study by Dueck et al. compares neuronal transcriptomes to the transcriptomes of adipocytes and cardiomyocytes. Single cell ‘omic approaches such as those used by the authors are at the leading edge of molecular and biophysical measurement. Many groups are currently employing single cell sequencing approaches to understand cellular heterogeneity in cancer and during normal development. These single cell approaches also are beginning to address long‐standing questions regarding nervous system diversity. Beyond an innate interest in cataloging cell type diversity in the brain, single cell neuronal diversity has important implications for neurotypic neural circuit function and for neurological disease. Herein, we review the authors’ methods and findings, which most notably include evidence of unique expression profiles in some single neurons.
Investigation on the interaction between isorhamnetin and bovine liver catalase by spectroscopic techniques under different pH conditions
Authors: Yang Yumin , Li Daojin
Published: January 2016

The binding of isorhamnetin to bovine liver catalase (BLC) was first investigated at 302, 310 and 318 K at pH 7.4 using spectroscopic methods including fluorescence spectra, circular dichroism (CD) and UV–vis absorption. Spectrophotometric observations are rationalized mainly in terms of a static quenching process. The binding constants and binding sites were evaluated by fluorescence quenching methods. Enzymatic activity of BLC in the absence and presence of isorhamnetin was measured using a UV/vis spectrophotometer. The result revealed that the binding of isorhamnetin to BLC led to a reduction in the activity of BLC. The positive entropy change and enthalpy change indicated that the interaction of isorhamnetin with BLC was mainly driven by hydrophobic forces. The distance r between the donor (BLC) and acceptor (isorhamnetin) was estimated to be 2.99 nm according to fluorescence resonance energy transfer. Fluorescence, synchronous fluorescence, and CD spectra showed no obvious change in the conformation of BLC upon the binding of isorhamnetin. In addition, the influence of pH on the binding of isorhamnetin to BLC was investigated and the binding ability of the drug to BLC deceased under other pH conditions (pH 9.0, 6.5, 5.0, 3.5, or 2.0) as compared with that at pH 7.4. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CO2 Adsorption on H2O‐Saturated BaO(1 0 0) and Induced Barium Surface Dissociation
Authors: Kwon Soonchul , Lee Seung Geol , Chung Eunhyea , Lee Wang Ro
Published: January 2016

CO2 adsorption on a barium oxide (BaO) surface saturated with a monolayer of H2O molecules was studied; a monolayer of H2O molecules on the BaO surface exhibits nondissociative or dissociative adsorption. During the nondissociative reaction, a hydroxyl ion‐terminated surface is produced, resulting in the formation of barium hydroxide (Ba(OH)2) on the surface. The Ba(OH)2 from the substrate associates with the tightly bound CO2 molecule, resulting in the formation of barium carbonate (BaCO3). In contrast, during the dissociative H2O adsorption, a hydrogen‐terminated surface is produced, which strongly adsorbs CO2 molecules. The H2O molecules on a fully saturated BaO surface (containing multiple layers of H2O molecules) readily aggregate, and Ba dissociation takes place on the hydrated surface, possibly resulting in a surface containing Ba defects.
Recent Advances in Cell surface Engineering Focused on Cell Therapy
Authors: Kim Jong Chul , Tae Giyoong
Published: January 2016

Revolutionary progress in stem cell research and the potential of stem cell‐based therapeutics promote the translation of cell therapy. However, the therapeutic efficacy of cell therapy is still very low, mainly because of the insufficient homing and survival of the injected cells at the target site. Cell surface engineering is one of the solutions to increase the therapeutic efficacy of cell therapy. Cell surface engineering can modulate the cellular behavior for enhancing targeted delivery, cellular functions, organized structure, and immune evasion by chemical or physical modification of the cell surface. This review summarizes the recent studies in cell surface engineering focused on cell therapy.
Specification and Analysis of Multiple Marker Compounds for Quality Control of Mori Cortex Radicis by HPLC
Authors: Kim Kyung Tae , Shin Min Cheol , Kim Hee Hyun , Cho Chong Woon , Lee Won Jae , Woo Eun Ran , Kim Kyeong Ho , Kang Jong Seong
Published: January 2016

Mori Cortex Radicis (MCR), the dried root bark of Morus alba L., is a well‐known traditional herbal medicine. While several studies have examined the components and bioactivities of MCR, this study describes the development of a method for the simultaneous quantitative evaluation of two marker compounds for quality control and classification of MCR samples. Two marker compounds of MCR, kuwanon G and morusin, were separated and quantified using high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on an Optimapak C18
column (4.6 × 250 mm, 5 µm). The compounds were eluted with a mobile phase of water and methanol under gradient conditions (0 min at 15% B, 5 min at 70% B, 30 min at 100% B) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and a detection wavelength of 270 nm. The method was validated with respect to linearity, accuracy, precision, and recovery. The results satisfied the guidelines set by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS), Korea. The validated method was applied to the quantification of the two marker compounds in 81 samples (65 MCRs, 16 similar crude drugs) collected from various regions of Korea and China. Using a linear regression method, content criteria were established in accordance with the quantitative results obtained with the two marker compounds of MCR. Therefore, the developed HPLC method is suitable for quality control and classification of MCR samples according to harvesting country.
Hard Carbon‐coated Natural Graphite Electrodes for High‐Energy and Power Lithium‐Ion Capacitors
Authors: Lim Young‐Geun , Park Jung Woo , Park Min‐Sik , Byun Dongjin , Yu Ji‐Sang , Jo Yong Nam , Kim Young‐Jun
Published: January 2016

Hard carbon‐coated natural graphite materials have been prepared and evaluated as a negative electrode for high‐energy and high‐power lithium‐ion capacitors. The graphite surface was coated with hard carbon by using polyacrylonitrile as a precursor, which was confirmed by X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The hard carbon coating on natural graphite particles significantly affects the electrochemical characteristics of lithium‐ion capacitors. The full‐cell using the hard carbon‐coated graphite electrode showed much higher energy and power densities than those with pristine natural graphite and hard carbon electrodes, respectively. Furthermore, the hard carbon‐coated graphite electrode exhibited an enhanced cycle performance with a capacity retention of 74.6% after 10,000 cycles, higher than those of pristine natural graphite (33.3%) and the mixture of hard carbon and natural graphite (51.4%). The results clearly indicate that the hard carbon‐coated graphite electrode is suitable as a negative electrode material for high‐energy and high‐power lithium‐ion capacitors.
Preparation of Ag–Cu/Al2O3 Composite Catalyst for Ammonia Decomposition
Authors: Lee Ju Yeol , Lim Yun Hui , Park Byung Hyun , Adelodun Adedeji A. , Jo Young Min
Published: January 2016

A catalyst of Ag with alumina has been widely used for the decomposition of odorous ammonia. In order to meet cost effectiveness, copper was added with five different doping ratios of Ag/Cu in this work, and NH3
decomposition was examined at 150–400 °C. Experimental results show that the catalyst doped with only Cu shows very weak potential to oxidize NH3
despite its excellent selectivity for nitrogen molecules than NO or N2O at temperatures over 300 °C. Analysis by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicates that Ag0 is the major chemical functionality that determines the decomposition rate of NH3
at low temperature, e.g., 200 °C, while Ag+ and Ag2+ are efficient at higher temperatures. Among the five segregated copper functionalities, only Cu 2pa/2 appeared to be favorable for the activity of Ag particles. It was found from the experimental results that Ag/Cu = 1:9 could provide a cost‐effective combination for the low temperature regime.
Optode Membrane for Detecting a Wide Range of Water Content in Organic Solvents
Authors: Kim Kang‐Hyeon , Kim Hyung Jin
Published: January 2016

To develop an optode membrane with a high sensitivity and a wide detection range, a photoinduced electron transfer fluorescence dye (FWSA) possessing an acrylate moiety was synthesized and covalently immobilized on a 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate‐based network polymer matrix. The prepared membranes displayed the fluorescence “turn‐on” detection of water over a wider operating sensing range. The sensitivity of the optode membrane was influenced by the crosslinker. The sensitivity of the membrane
M1
using dimethacrylamidated poly(dimethylsiloxane) (AMPS) as a crosslinker was superior to that of
M2
and
M3
membranes using tetra‐ or triethylene glycol dimethacrylate. As the water content was increased from 0 to 80% in water‐miscible organic solvents, the
M1
membrane showed a gradual fluorescence enhancement. The sensing performance of the
M1
membrane was evaluated for aqueous methanol, ethanol, acetone, and dimethyl sulfoxide solutions in terms of the detection range, response time, reproducibility, and stability.
Facile Synthesis of 5‐Substituted 1H‐Tetrazoles Catalyzed by Tetrabutylammonium Hydrogen Sulfate in Water
Authors: Wang Zengtao , Liu Zhiguo , Cheon Seung Hoon
Published: January 2016

Facile synthesis of 5‐substituted 1H‐tetrazoles was achieved by treating nitriles with NaN3
in water or toluene in the presence of tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate (TBAHS). The reaction could be carried out in water as well as in toluene. The procedure is environment‐friendly, practical, and provides excellent yield of tetrazoles.
Copper‐ and Ligand‐free Heteroannulation of o‐Halohydroxypyridine with Terminal Alkynes Using Pd/C Catalyst: One‐Pot Synthesis of 2‐Substituted Furopyridines and their Functionalization
Authors: Park Hee Jung , Kim Ji‐Eun , Yum Eul Kgun , Kim Young Hoon , Han Chang‐Woo
Published: January 2016

Three types of isomeric 2‐substituted furo[3,2‐b]pyridine, furo[2,3‐b]pyridine and furo[3,2‐c]pyridine were prepared using Pd/C‐catalyzed heteroannulation of o‐halopyridinols and terminal alkynes under copper‐ and ligand‐free conditions. We also demonstrated that double functionalization yielding 2,3‐disubstituted furopyridines could be achieved through heteroannulation followed by bromination and Suzuki/Heck reactions. In addition, the use of recoverable Pd/C in the absence of a cocatalyst and ligand can aid in the development of greener chemical processes.
Synthesis of 3‐(γ,δ‐Disubstituted)allylidene‐2‐Oxindoles from Isatins by Wittig Reaction with Morita–Baylis–Hillman Bromides
Authors: Moon Hye Ran , Kim Ko Hoon , Lee Junseong , Kim Jae Nyoung
Published: January 2016

Various 3‐(γ,δ‐disubstituted)allylidene‐2‐oxindoles were synthesized by the Wittig reaction between isatins and the phosphorous ylide derived in situ from the Morita–Baylis–Hillman bromides. The 3‐allylidene‐2‐oxindole could be used as an efficient synthetic precursor of 1‐thiacarbazole derivatives. During the conversion of 2‐oxindole moiety to 2‐thiooxindole by Lawesson's reagent, 1‐thiacarbazole derivative was obtained in good yield.
Fine‐Tuning the Emission Color of a Transparent Suspension of SrMoO4:Eu3+,Tb3+ Nanophosphors
Authors: Cho Young‐Sik , Huh Young‐Duk
Published: January 2016

The emission colors of transparent suspensions of SrMoO4
:Eu3+,Tb3+ nanophosphors in hexane could be finely tuned for use in multicolor transparent displays. The emission color in the green–red spectral region was tuned by changing the concentrations of the Eu3+ and Tb3+ activator ions. SrMoO4
:Eu3+,Tb3+ nanophosphors with diameters of 5 nm were synthesized via solvothermal reactions in a hexane–water bilayer system consisting of Sr‐oleate, Eu‐oleate, and Tb‐oleate complexes in hexane and an aqueous (NH4
)6
Mo7O24
solution. A simple phase‐transfer method was used to prepare the Sr‐oleate, Eu‐oleate, and Tb‐oleate complexes in hexane from aqueous Sr(NO3
)2, Eu(NO3
)3, and Tb(NO3
)3 solutions with the assistance of sodium oleate, oleic acid, and oleylamine.
Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Inhibitory Constituents from Selaginella tamariscina
Authors: Kim Jang Hoon , Tai Bui Huu , Yang Seo Young , Kim Ji Eun , Kim Sang Kyum , Kim Young Ho
Published: January 2016

A novel norneolignan, tamariscinol T (1), and six known compounds, protocatechuic acid (2), vanillic acid (3), caffeic acid (4), amentoflavone (5), 2,3‐dihydroamentoflavone (6), and 2″,3″‐dihydroamentoflavone (7), were isolated from Selaginella tamariscina. Their structures were elucidated using 1D/2D NMR, high‐resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR‐ESI‐MS), and infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. The effects of the isolated compounds on soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) activity were then evaluated. Compounds 5–7 potently inhibited sEH activity with IC50
values of 24.3 ± 1.6, 5.4 ± 0.1, and 11.9 ± 0.1 μM, respectively. In addition, analysis of the kinetics of compounds 5–7 revealed that their inhibitory actions were noncompetitive, with inhibition constants (Ki) of 24.4 ± 1.2, 8.6 ± 0.4, and 5.3 ± 0.6 μM, respectively.
Optimization of norovirus virus‐like particle production in Pichia pastoris using a real‐time near‐infrared bioprocess monitor
Authors: Parker Stephanie A. , Maloy Mitchell H. , Tome‐Amat Jaime , Bardliving Cameron L. , Batt Carl A. , Lanz Kaylee J. , Olesberg Jonathon T. , Arnold Mark A.
Published: January 2016

The production of norovirus virus‐like particles (NoV VLPs) displaying NY‐ESO‐1 cancer testis antigen in Pichia pastoris BG11 Mut+ has been enhanced through feed‐strategy optimization using a near‐infrared bioprocess monitor (RTBio® Bioprocess Monitor, ASL Analytical, Inc.), capable of monitoring and controlling the concentrations of glycerol and methanol in real‐time. The production of NoV VLPs displaying NY‐ESO‐1 in P. pastoris has potential as a novel cancer vaccine platform. Optimization of the growth conditions resulted in an almost two‐fold increase in the expression levels in the fermentation supernatant of P. pastoris as compared to the starting conditions. We investigated the effect of methanol concentration, batch phase time, and batch to induction transition on NoV VLP‐NY‐ESO‐1 production. The optimized process included a glycerol transition phase during the first 2 h of induction and a methanol concentration set point of 4 g L−1 during induction. Utilizing the bioprocess monitor to control the glycerol and methanol concentrations during induction resulted in a maximum NoV VP1‐NY‐ESO‐1 yield of 0.85 g L−1. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 32:518–526, 2016
Ultrasound‐assisted dilute acid hydrolysis of tea processing waste for production of fermentable sugar
Authors: Germec Mustafa , Tarhan Kübra , Yatmaz Ercan , Tetik Nedim , Karhan Mustafa , Demirci Ali , Turhan Irfan
Published: January 2016

Lignocellulosic materials that are the most abundant plant biomass in the world have the potential to become sustainable sources of the produced value added products. Tea processing waste (TPW) is a good lignocellulosic source to produce the value added products from fermentable sugars (FSs). Therefore, the present study is undertaken to produce FSs by using ultrasound‐assisted dilute acid (UADA) and dilute acid (DA) hydrolysis of TPW followed by enzymatic hydrolysis. UADA hydrolysis of TPW was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) at maximum power (900 W) for 2 h. The optimum conditions were determined as 50°C, 1:6 (w/v) solid:liquid ratio, and 1% (w/v) DA concentration, which yielded 20.34 g/L FS concentration. Furthermore, its DA hydrolysis was also optimized by using RSM for comparison and the optimized conditions were found as 120°C, 1:8 solid:liquid ratio, and 1% acid concentration, which produced 25.3 g/L FS yield. Even though the produced sugars with UADA hydrolysis are slightly less, but it can provide significant cost saving due to the lower temperature requirement and less liquid consumption. Besides, enzymatic hydrolysis applied after pretreatments of TPW were very more economic than the conventional enzymatic hydrolysis in the literature due to shorter time requiring. In conclusion, ultrasound‐assisted is a promising technology that can be successfully applied for hydrolysis of biomass and can be an alternative to the other hydrolysis procedures and also TPW can be considered as suitable carbon source for the production of value‐added products like biofuels, organic acids, and polysaccharides. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 32:393–403, 2016
Synthetic chimeras with orthogonal ribosomal proteins increase translation yields by recruiting mRNA for translation as measured by profiling active ribosomes
Authors: Cho Seung Hee , Contreras Lydia M. , Ju Sang Hyun
Published: January 2016

In addition to their roles in protein biosynthesis, components of cellular ribosomes perform roles that contribute to a number of important cellular processes. Exploitation of processes has led to the use of ribosomal parts as solubility enhancer partners and purification matrices in protein expression. In this work, an engineered version of the E. coli ribosomal protein L29 (L4H2) as a fusion partner for enhancing cellular expression of proteins that are poorly expressed in bacteria was exploited. It was demonstrated that a chimeric fusion of L4H2 with various Fcγ receptors increases total expression up to 3.2‐fold, relative to Fcγ receptors expressed without the fusion. Mechanistic insights using a novel application of in vivo ribosome display suggested that, although total cellular mRNA levels of L4H2‐Fcγ receptor remained unchanged relative to wild‐type Fcγ receptors, mRNA levels of actively translated L4H2‐Fcγ transcript increased about 3.8‐fold relative to actively translated levels of wild‐type Fcγ transcript. Similar increases in protein expression in the context of the other proteins tested, showing the generality of this approach for proteins beyond human receptors was observed. These results extended the number of potential schemes by which orthogonal ribosomal parts can be used to enhance complex protein expression in bacterial platforms. Within a larger scope, this study features the possibility of engineering 5′ tags that enhance mRNA affinity to ribosomes as strategies to augment translation. It was envisioned that the successful application of profiling active ribosomes in a highly targeted manner could be beneficial for mechanistic translation studies concerning synthesis of target proteins. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 32:285–293, 2016
The interplay of persuasion inference and flow experience in an entertaining food advergame
Authors: Ham Chang‐Dae , Yoon Gunwoo , Nelson Michelle R.
Published: January 2016

Increasingly, unhealthy food is being advertised through online games known as advergames. The advergame is designed for entertaining fun to promote the brand featured in the game. But what happens if the food advertised is healthy or the source of the game is non‐commercial? This study examines how people's entertainment (flow experience) interacts with their inference about the persuasion impact of food brands featured in an advergame, which vary according to their persuasion knowledge about the source (e.g., non‐commercial versus commercial) and the perceived persuasion effect on self (e.g., beneficial versus harmful). Results of an experiment show that flow is positively associated with persuasion effects of the advergame. Brand attitudes and purchase intentions were the most favorable for non‐commercial brands with perceived benefits (healthy food) followed by commercial brands (healthy food) and commercial brands with harmful effects (less healthy food). However, persuasion effects for purchase intention were mitigated when participants were immersed in a flow state. Ramifications for persuasion and health promotions are discussed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Competitive Enzyme‐Linked Immunosorbent Assay System for Adenylation Domains in Nonribosomal Peptide Synthetases
Authors: Ishikawa Fumihiro , Kakeya Hideaki
Published: January 2016

We describe a proof‐of‐concept study of a competitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system for the adenylation (A) domains of nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) with active‐site‐directed probes coupled to a 5′‐O‐N‐(aminoacyl)sulfamoyladenosine scaffold. A biotin functionality immobilizes the probes onto a streptavidin‐coated solid support. Dissociation constants were determined with a series of ligands, including enzyme substrates and a library of sulfamoyloxy‐linked aminoacyl/aryl‐AMP analogues. As it enables direct readout of protein–ligand interaction, the competitive ELISA technique provided information on comparative structure– activity relationships and insights into the enzyme active‐site architecture of NRPS A‐domains. These studies indicate that the ELISA technique can accelerate the discovery of small‐molecule inhibitors of the A‐domains with new scaffolds that perturb the production of NRPS‐related virulence factors.
Adrenal oncoctyoma of uncertain malignant potential: a rare etiology of adrenal incidentaloma
Authors: Kedia Rohit R. , Muinov Lucy , Lele Subodh M. , Shivaswamy Vijay
Published: January 2016

Key Clinical Message

A rare cause for rapid adrenal enlargement is adrenal oncocytoma of uncertain malignant potential. A full biochemical evaluation is warranted to screen secreting adrenal adenomas as well as to evaluate adrenal cortical carcinoma. Careful pathologic evaluation is required as the diagnosis of AOC cannot be made by imaging.
Intermolecular Peptide Cross‐Linking by Using Diaminodicarboxylic Acids
Authors: Kamalov Meder , Kaur Harveen , Brimble Margaret A.
Published: January 2016

Synthetic methods aimed at preparing peptides cross‐linked by diaminodiacids remain an important chemical challenge. These cross‐links are known to play a crucial role on the activity, structural stability, and folding of the host peptides and proteins. Recent developments in the syntheses of such systems have led to intriguing advances in the understanding of intermolecular side‐chain cross‐linking and the role that these structural motifs play in the biochemistry of proteins. Herein we provide an overview of the existing synthetic methodology that has been developed to effect protein cross‐linking using diaminodiacids.
(CH3NH3)2PdCl4: A Compound with Two‐Dimensional Organic–Inorganic Layered Perovskite Structure
Authors: Huang Tang Jiao , Thiang Zhang Xian , Yin Xuesong , Tang Chunhua , Qi Guojun , Gong Hao
Published: January 2016

The synthesis of previously unknown perovskite (CH3NH3)2PdCl4 is reported. Despite using an organic cation with the smallest possible alkyl group, a 2D organic–inorganic layered Pd‐based perovskites was still formed. This demonstrates that Pd‐based 2D perovskites can be obtained even if the size of the organic cation is below the size limit predicted by the Goldschmidt tolerance‐factor formula. The (CH3NH3)2PdCl4 phase has a bulk resistivity of 1.4 Ω cm, a direct optical gap of 2.22 eV, and an absorption coefficient on the order of 104 cm−1. XRD measurements suggest that the compound is moderately stable in air, an important advantage over several existing organic–inorganic perovskites that are prone to phase degradation problems when exposed to the atmosphere. Given the recent interest in organic–inorganic perovskites, the synthesis of this new Pd‐based organic–inorganic perovskite may be helpful in the preparation and understanding of other organic–inorganic perovskites.
Gold‐Catalyzed Tandem Cycloisomerization–Halogenation of Chiral Homopropargyl Sulfonamides
Authors: Shu Chao , Li Long , Shen Cang‐Hai , Ruan Peng‐Peng , Liu Chao‐Yue , Ye Long‐Wu
Published: January 2016

Two new gold‐catalyzed tandem cycloisomerization–halogenation reactions of chiral homopropargyl sulfonamides have been developed. Various enantioenriched 3,3‐diiodopyrrolidin‐2‐ols and 3‐fluoropyrrolidin‐2‐ols were obtained in moderate‐to‐good yields with excellent enantio‐ and diastereoselectivity.
Coated/Sandwiched rGO/CoSx Composites Derived from Metal–Organic Frameworks/GO as Advanced Anode Materials for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yin Dongming , Huang Gang , Zhang Feifei , Qin Yuling , Na Zhaolin , Wu Yaoming , Wang Limin
Published: January 2016

Rational composite materials made from transition metal sulfides and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) are highly desirable for designing high‐performance lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Here, rGO‐coated or sandwiched CoSx composites are fabricated through facile thermal sulfurization of metal–organic framework/GO precursors. By scrupulously changing the proportion of Co2+ and organic ligands and the solvent of the reaction system, we can tune the forms of GO as either a coating or a supporting layer. Upon testing as anode materials for LIBs, the as‐prepared CoSx‐rGO‐CoSx and rGO@CoSx composites demonstrate brilliant electrochemical performances such as high initial specific capacities of 1248 and 1320 mA h g−1, respectively, at a current density of 100 mA g−1, and stable cycling abilities of 670 and 613 mA h g−1, respectively, after 100 charge/discharge cycles, as well as superior rate capabilities. The excellent electrical conductivity and porous structure of the CoSx/rGO composites can promote Li+ transfer and mitigate internal stress during the charge/discharge process, thus significantly improving the electrochemical performance of electrode materials.
A New Approach for the Synthesis of Highly Substituted Aromatic Rings: The Alkyne‐Mediated Approach
Authors: Parsons Philip J. , Jones Daniel R. , Padgham Alex C. , Allen Lewis A. T. , Penkett Clive S. , Green Robert A. , White Andrew J. P.
Published: January 2016

Pentasubstituted aromatic rings serve as templates for drug design and can be conveniently prepared by the thermolysis of suitably substituted alkynes under microwave conditions.
Total Synthesis of the Antiviral Natural Product Houttuynoid B
Authors: Kerl Thomas , Berger Florian , Schmalz Hans‐Günther
Published: January 2016

The first total synthesis of houttuynoid B, a powerful antiviral flavonoid glycoside from the Chinese plant Houttuynia cordata, is described. In a key step, a Baker–Venkataraman rearrangement employing an already glycosylated substrate was used to efficiently set up the fully functionalized carbon skeleton. The required benzofuran building block was prepared through a domino Sonogashira coupling/5‐endo‐dig cyclization and converted into a stable 1‐hydroxybenzotriazole‐derived active ester prior to linking with a galactosylated hydroxyacetophenone unit. The elaborated synthesis requires only nine steps (11 % overall yield) along the longest linear sequence and paves the way for the preparation of structurally related compounds for further biological evaluation.
Nonlinear Optical Properties of Porphyrin Derivatives with Electron‐donating or Electron‐withdrawing Substituents
Authors: Liang Pengxia , Mi Yongsheng , Duan Jinshuai , Yang Zhou , Wang Dong , Cao Hui , He Wanli , Yang Huai
Published: January 2016

To investigate photoelectric properties of meso‐extended porphyrin derivatives with electron‐donating or electron‐withdrawing substituents, a series of functionalized porphyrin materials have been designed and synthesized by Suzuki coupling reaction. The meso‐extended structures were fully characterized by 1H NMR, IR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The photophysical properties of porphyrin derivatives were carefully examined by UV‐Visible and fluorescence spectra, and the solvatochromic effect was observed and discussed. In particular, Z‐scan technique was employed to characterize the third‐order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of the products such as nonlinear absorption and refraction, the third‐order nonlinear refractive indexes (𝔵(3)‐value) of these porphyrin derivatives achieved 3.9×10−12 esu. In addition, the compounds could be self‐assembled into highly organized morphologies through phase‐exchange method. All the results indicated that the discotic materials have the potential for optoelectronic applications.
Mn‐Based Two Dimensional Metal‐Organic Framework Material from Benzimidazole‐5,6‐dicarboxylic Acid
Authors: Zhang Erpan , Zhang Lili , Tan Zhe , Ji Zhenguo , Li Qiaowei
Published: January 2016

A new two‐dimensional metal‐organic framework (MOF) structure has been synthesized by mild solvothermal reaction of MnCl2·4H2O with 1H‐benzimidazole‐5,6‐dicarboxylic acid (H3bidc) at 85°C. The structure has been characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD), infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis revealed that this MOF is a five‐coordinated Mn(II) compound exhibiting a layered 2D network, in which the hydrogen‐bonding interactions between uncoordinated carboxylic oxygen atoms and NH groups in the imidazole rings play a key role in the final 3D supramolecular architecture. This MOF shows high thermal stability up to 400°C. Furthermore, XRD pattern of the MOF structure was retained for up to 20 d after soaked in water, and only 2.8 wt% of the MOF was decomposed within the first 48 h in water.
Inclusion Complex of Podophyllotoxin with γ‐Cyclodextrin: Preparation, Characterization, Anticancer Activity, Water‐Solubility and Toxicity
Authors: Guo Yafei , Zhang Yushun , Li Jiuling , Zhao Fen , Liu Yang , Su Min , Jiang Yubo , Liu Yuqi , Zhang Jihong , Yang Bo , Yang Rui
Published: January 2016

An inclusion complex of podophyllotoxin (PPT) with γ‐cyclodextrin (γ‐CD) was prepared. The behavior, characterization, and water solubility of the inclusion complex were carefully investigated via fluorescence spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, X‐ray diffraction analysis, and 1H and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Furthermore, antitumor activity to human cancer lines and toxicity in mice were studied. Results showed that the inclusion complex formed in a 1:1 ratio with a considerable apparent stability constant Ks (4245.5 L·mol−1). Water solubility was considerably improved. In addition, the anticancer activity of the inclusion complex was better than that of cis‐platinum (DDP, positive control). Most importantly, the toxicity of podophyllotoxin inclusion complex reduced and became more safety to mice which will be great valuable to research its applications as a kind of antitumor drug to human in the further.
An Acetylcholinesterase Biosensor Based on Graphene/Polyaniline Composite Film for Detection of Pesticides
Authors: Li Yanping , Zhang Yuyu , Han Gaoyi , Xiao Yaoming , Li Miaoyu , Zhou Wen
Published: January 2016

This work reports a sensitive amperometric biosensor for organophosphate pesticides (OPs) fabricated through modifying glassy carbon electrode with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) immobilized on graphene/polyaniline (G/PANI) composite film. The obtained G/PANI composite films show large specific area, high conductivity, good biocompatibility, and fast redox properties and have perfect layered and encapsulated structures. The as‐prepared biosensor shows high affinity to acetylthiocholine (ATCl) with a Michaelis‐Menten constant value of 0.20 mmol/L. Furthermore, based on the inhibition of the enzymatic activity (immobilized AChE) caused by the model compound of carbaryl (one kind of pesticides), it is found that the inhibition activity of carbaryl is proportional to its concentration ranging from 38 to 194 ng·mL−1. The developed biosensor shows a detection limit of 20 ng·mL−1 (S/N=3) for OPs detection and exhibits good performance such as good reproducibility and acceptable stability, which makes it possible to provide a new and promising tool for the analysis of enzyme inhibitors.
Palladium Nanoparticles Supported on a Porous Organic Polymer: An Efficient Catalyst for Suzuki‐Miyaura and Sonogashira Coupling Reactions
Authors: Ren Xiaomeng , Kong Shengnan , Shu Qiding , Shu Mouhai
Published: January 2016

A new porous organic polymer (POP) with high thermal stability and large surface area has been synthesized and applied in the preparation of Pd/POP catalyst. Pd/POP was characterized by XRD, TGA, SEM and TEM. The catalyst consists of highly dispersed palladium nanoparticles of 0.9–4 nm size on POP with a large surface area of 650 m2/g. It presents high catalytic activity for Suzuki‐Miyaura and Sonogashira reactions. The catalyst was reusable for three to five times without significant loss of activity.
Fast synthesis and bioconjugation of 68Ga core‐doped extremely small iron oxide nanoparticles for PET/MR imaging
Authors: Pellico Juan , Ruiz‐Cabello Jesús , Saiz‐Alía Marina , del Rosario Gilberto , Caja Sergio , Montoya María , Fernández de Manuel Laura , Morales M. Puerto , Gutiérrez Lucia , Galiana Beatriz , Enríquez Jose A. , Herranz Fernando
Published: January 2016

Combination of complementary imaging techniques, like hybrid PET/MRI, allows protocols to be developed that exploit the best features of both. In order to get the best of these combinations the use of dual probes is highly desirable. On this sense the combination of biocompatible iron oxide nanoparticles and 68Ga isotope is a powerful development for the new generation of hybrid systems and multimodality approaches. Our objective was the synthesis and application of a chelator‐free 68Ga‐iron oxide nanotracer with improved stability, radiolabeling yield and in vivo performance in dual PET/MRI. We carried out the core doping of iron oxide nanoparticles, without the use of any chelator, by a microwave‐driven protocol. The synthesis allowed the production of extremely small (2.5 nm) 68Ga core‐doped iron oxide nanoparticles. The microwave approach allowed an extremely fast synthesis with a 90% radiolabeling yield and T1 contrast in MRI. With the same microwave approach the nano‐radiotracer was functionalized in a fast and efficient way. We finally evaluated these dual targeting nanoparticles in an angiogenesis murine model by PET/MR imaging. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Health‐related quality of life and health care use in cancer survivors compared with patients with chronic diseases
Authors: Heins Marianne J. , Korevaar Joke C. , Hopman Petra E.P.C. , Donker Gé A. , Schellevis François G. , Rijken Mieke P.M.
Published: January 2016

BACKGROUND

The number of cancer survivors is steadily increasing and these patients often experience long‐lasting health problems. To make care for cancer survivors sustainable for the future, it would be relevant to put the effects of cancer in this phase into perspective. Therefore, the authors compared health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) and health care use among cancer survivors with that of patients with chronic diseases.

METHODS

Patients diagnosed at age >18 years with a cancer with a 5‐year survival rate > 20% and no distant metastases at the time of diagnosis and patients aged >18 years with physician‐diagnosed somatic chronic diseases without cancer were sent a questionnaire. HRQOL was measured with the RAND‐36, a measure of HRQOL. Self‐reported health care use was measured for general practitioner care, specialist care, rehabilitative care, physical therapy, ambulatory mental health care, and occupational health care.

RESULTS

A total of 601 cancer survivors and 1052 patients with chronic diseases without cancer were included in the current study. Multimorbidity was observed in 63% of the cancer survivors and 61% of the patients with chronic diseases. The HRQOL of the cancer survivors was significantly better than that of patients with chronic diseases after adjustment for age and sex. For the mental functioning subscale, no significant differences were found between the 2 groups. Cancer survivors were found to be less likely to have visited a general practitioner or cardiologist compared with patients with chronic diseases.

CONCLUSIONS

When considering physical HRQOL and health care use, cancer survivors appear to fare better than the average patient with chronic diseases. No difference in mental functioning was observed in the current study. Cancer 2016;122:962–70. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Role of gene expression profiling in defining indeterminate thyroid nodules in addition to BRAF analysis
Authors: Borrelli Nicla , Ugolini Clara , Giannini Riccardo , Antonelli Alessandro , Giordano Mirella , Sensi Elisa , Torregrossa Liborio , Fallahi Poupak , Miccoli Paolo , Basolo Fulvio
Published: January 2016

Fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) is routinely used in the preoperative evaluation of thyroid nodules. However, 15% to 30% of aspirations yield indeterminate cytologic findings. Because the assessment of BRAF mutations seems to improve the diagnostic accuracy, this study evaluated BRAF mutations with Sanger sequencing and real‐time methods in 650 consecutive thyroid aspirates. In addition, the expression of a large number of genes involved in basement membrane remodeling, extracellular matrix proteolysis, and cell adhesion was studied in both benign and malignant nodules to identify new diagnostic tools. In this prospective series, despite the use of a very sensitive BRAF mutational testing method, the frequency of a BRAF alteration being identified in indeterminate FNA samples was 3 of 68. Expression analysis revealed several genes that were differentially expressed between benign and malignant nodules (transforming growth factor, cadherin 1, collagen α1, catenin α1, integrin α3, and fibronectin 1 [FN1]), between follicular adenomas and follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (FN1, laminin γ1, integrin β2, connective tissue growth factor, catenin δ1, and integrin αV), and between BRAF–wild‐type and BRAF‐mutated papillary thyroid carcinomas (TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1; catenin α1; secreted phosphoprotein 1; FN1; ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 1; and selectin L). These data were partially confirmed with real‐time polymerase chain reaction analysis and immunohistochemistry. When the cost/benefit ratio of the procedures was taken into account, BRAF mutational testing failed to increase diagnostic accuracy in cytologically indeterminate nodules. However, the additional analysis of the expression of specific molecular markers could have possible utility as a diagnostic tool, although further evidence based on a large series of samples is needed before definitive conclusions can be drawn. Cancer Cytopathol 2016;124:340–9. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Experimental validation of more realistic computer models for stent‐graft repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms, including pre‐load assessment
Authors: Roy David , Lerouge Sophie , Inaekyan Karina , Kauffmann Claude , Mongrain Rosaire , Soulez Gilles
Published: January 2016

Although the endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms is a less invasive alternative than classic open surgery, complications such as endoleak and kinking still need to be addressed. Numerical simulation of endovascular repair is becoming a valuable tool in stent‐graft (SG) optimization, patient selection and surgical planning.

The experimental and numerical forces required to produce SG deformations were compared in a range of in vivo conditions in the present study. The deformation modes investigated were: bending as well as axial, transversal and radial compressions. In particular, an original method was developed to efficiently account for radial pre‐load because of the pre‐compression of stents to match the graft dimensions during manufacturing. This is important in order to compute the radial force exerted on the vessel after deployment more accurately.

Variations of displacement between the experimental and numerical results ranged from 1.39% for simple leg bending to 5.93% for three‐point body bending.

Finally, radial pre‐load was modeled by increasing Young's modulus of each stent. On average, it was found that Young's modulus had to be augmented by a factor of 2. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Temperature‐Dependent Dual Emission from Sucrose‐Derived Carbon Nanodots: A Ratiometric Fluorescent Thermometer
Authors: Gan Zhixing , Hao Yanling , Shan Yun
Published: January 2016

Carbon nanodots (CNDs) with conspicuous dual emission (at 450 and 517 nm) were fabricated by hydrothermal treatment of aqueous sucrose solution. The temperature‐dependent photoluminescence (PL) and time‐resolved PL were investigated. The trapping of excited electrons by the nonradiative defects should substantially account for the PL quenching as the temperature increases. The sucrose‐derived CNDs show great potential for applications as ratiometric fluorescent thermometers with a sensitivity of approximately 2.15 % °C−1.
Yellow pigments based on lead, tin, and antimony: Ancient recipes, synthesis, characterization, and hue choice in artworks
Authors: Agresti Giorgia , Baraldi Pietro , Pelosi Claudia , Santamaria Ulderico
Published: January 2016

The aim of this study is to investigate the yellow pigments based on lead, tin, and antimony produced according to the ancient treatises, recipe books, and literary sources. The pigments considered in this study are lead/tin yellow type I (Pb2SnO4), lead/tin yellow type II (PbSn1−xSixO3), lead antimonate or Naples yellow (Pb2Sb2O7), and lead/tin/antimony yellow (Pb2SnSbO6,5). Color was measured by X‐Rite reflectance spectrophotometer to investigate the chromatic characteristics of the produced pigments in relation to the recipes. The pigments were chemically characterized by scanning electron microscopy with energy‐dispersive spectroscopy, and micro‐Raman analysis to investigate the influence of reagents, temperature, and melting modalities in the compositions of the produced powders. A part of the study was devoted to the study on the use of these yellow pigments in the art history especially concerning themodus pingendiof Italian artists between 14th and 18th century. The results of this study highlighted the possibility to obtain pigments with different colors and compositions according to the reagents, to the temperature, to the melting modality, in particular if single or double firing was used. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 41, 226–231, 2016
Multi‐analytical approach to the material characterization of 16th century wall paintings from Ribeira Sacra (Galicia, NWSpain): Pictorial palette, technique and alterations
Authors: Pereira‐Pardo Lucía , Gil Milene , Prieto Beatriz , Silva Benita
Published: January 2016

The present work aims to investigate for the first time the materials used in Ribeira Sacra's 16th century murals, as this knowledge would be valuable for research in Technical Art History and for interventions of conservation. A multi‐analytical approach is proposed for the investigation of the pictorial palette and technique, and the degradation products. Technical photography (Vis‐RAK, IR, UV, micro‐photography) and non‐invasive analysis by XRF and Vis‐RS were performed on site. Micro‐samples were taken carefully and studied in the laboratory by means of OM, SEM‐EDX, MRS, FTIR, µ‐XRD, GC‐MS, MALDI‐TOF/TOF, and HPLC‐ESI‐TOF. The analytical results revealed a basic palette of natural red, yellow and brown earth pigments, calcite and several varieties of carbon black. A chromatic enrichment of the palette is observed from the second half of the 16th century, incorporating green, blue and purple colourants. The main pictorial technique is fresco. Some of the pigments, like red lead and azurite, were found altered and the degradation causes and mechanisms were investigated. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 41, 263–269, 2016
Hybrid Density Functional Study on Mono‐ and Codoped NaNbO3 for Visible‐Light Photocatalysis
Authors: Wang Guang‐Zhao , Chen Hong , Wu Gang , Kuang An‐Long , Yuan Hong‐Kuang
Published: January 2016

Monodoping with Mo, Cr, and N atoms, and codoping with Mo−N and Cr−N atom pairs, are utilized to adjust the band structure of NaNbO3, so that NaNbO3 can effectively make use of visible light for the photocatalytic decomposition of water into hydrogen and oxygen, as determined by using the hybrid density functional. Codoping is energetically favorable compared with the corresponding monodoping, due to strong Coulombic interactions between the dopants and other atoms, and the effective band gap and stability for codoped systems increase with decreasing dopant concentration and the distance between dopants. The molybdenum, chromium, and nitrogen monodoped systems, as well as chromium–nitrogen codoped systems, are unsuitable for the photocatalytic decomposition of water by using visible light, because defects introduced by monodoping or the presence of unoccupied states above the Fermi level, which promotes electron–hole recombination processes, suppress their photocatalytic performance. The Mo−N codoped NaNbO3 sample is a promising photocatalyst for the decomposition of water by using visible light because Mo−N codoping can reduce the band gap to a suitable value with respect to the water redox level without introducing unoccupied states.
Clinical relevance of cyclic GMP modulators: A translational success story of network pharmacology
Authors: Oettrich JM , Dao VT , Frijhoff J , Kleikers PWM , Casas AI , Hobbs AJ , Schmidt HHHW
Published: January 2016

Therapies that modulate cyclic guanosine‐3′‐5′‐monophosphate (cGMP) have emerged as one of the most successful areas in recent drug discovery and clinical pharmacology. Historically, their focus has been on cardiovascular disease phenotypes; however, cGMP's relevance is likely to go beyond this rather limited organ‐based set of indications. Moreover, the multitude of targets and their apparent interchangeability is a proof‐of‐concept of network pharmacology.