bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effective low‐frequency EMI conformal shielding for system‐in‐package (SiP) modules
Authors: Kuo Hung‐Chun , Kuo Chih‐Wen , Wang Chen‐Chao
Published: February 2023

This letter presents several low‐frequency electromagnetic interference shielding solutions by using the conformal shielding technology with the sputtering process. The shielding effectiveness (SE) is verified by the near‐field test method with a transmission line (TL) as the radiating source. On the basis of the test condition and scenario, the TL‐based modeling method is applied to quickly predict the SE performance. Detailed measurement environment, setup, and procedures are also thoroughly introduced in this letter. Four copper (Cu) solutions with 5, 10, 20, and 30 μm shielding thicknesses and two hybrid copper/nickel‐iron (Cu/NiFe) solutions with 5/5 and 13/5 μm shielding thicknesses are tested. Among these solutions, a minimum of 15 dB and a maximum of 35 dB of measured SE at 10 MHz are seen. Moreover, the simulated and measured SE results are in good agreement. It is also noticed that the hybrid Cu/NiFe solution provides a comparable SE performance with a thinner thickness compared with the pure Cu solution.
Perioperative nutrition for gastrointestinal surgery: On the cutting edge
Authors: Noorian Shaya , Kwaan Mary R. , Jaffe Nancee , Yaceczko Shelby D. , Chau Lydia W.
Published: February 2023

Evidence on perioperative nutrition interventions in gastrointestinal surgery is rapidly evolving. We conducted a narrative review of various aspects of nutrition support, including formula choice and route of administration, as well as duration and timing of nutrition support therapy. Studies have demonstrated that nutrition support is associated with improved clinical outcomes in malnourished patients and those at nutrition risk, emphasizing the importance of nutrition assessment, for which several validated nutrition risk assessment tools exist. The assessment of serum albumin levels has fallen out of favor, as it is an unreliable marker of nutrition status, whereas imaging evidence of sarcopenia has prognostic value and may emerge as a standard component of nutrition assessment. Preoperatively, evidence supports limiting fasting to reduce insulin resistance and improve oral tolerance. Benefits to preoperative carbohydrate loading remain unclear, whereas literature suggests preoperative parenteral nutrition (PN) may reduce postoperative complications in high‐risk patients with malnutrition or sarcopenia. Postoperatively, early oral feeding is safe with benefits in time to return of bowel function and reduced hospital stay. There is a signal for potential benefit to early postoperative PN in critically ill patients, though evidence is sparse. There has also been a recent emergence in randomized studies evaluating the use of ω‐3 fatty acids, amino acids, and immunonutrition. Meta‐analyses have reported favorable outcomes for these supplements, though individual studies are small and with significant methodological limitations and risk of bias, emphasizing the need for high‐quality randomized studies to guide clinical practice.
Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of a single ascending subcutaneous dose of GSK3772847 in healthy participants
Authors: Pefani Eleni , Stone Sally , Zhu Chang‐Qing , Nunn Carol , Fairman David
Published: February 2023

The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), and pharmacodynamics (PD) of GSK3772847, compared with placebo administered subcutaneously (SC) in healthy participants, including cohorts of Japanese and Chinese participants. This was a single‐center, randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, single ascending dose study. Following a screening period of up to 28 days, eligible participants were assigned to one of four cohorts receiving a single dose of GSK3772847 70 mg (cohort 1) or 140 mg (cohorts 2, 3, and 4) or placebo SC. In cohorts 1 and 2, participants were randomly assigned to one of three injection sites (upper arm, abdomen, or thigh), while cohorts 3 and 4 included Japanese and Chinese participants, respectively, assigned to receive GSK3772847 or placebo SC (upper arm). Participants attended follow‐up visits on Days 9, 15, 29, 43, 57, 71, and 85 before final analysis. GSK3772847 was generally well tolerated. Most adverse events (AEs) were mild, resolved without treatment and were considered not related to study treatment by the investigator. There were no serious AEs or deaths during the study. The PK and PD were dose dependent, with negligible differences across injection sites or ethnicities. Target engagement was demonstrated by reduced free soluble interleukin 33 (sIL‐33) concentrations and substantially increased total sIL‐33 concentrations compared with baseline. Subcutaneously administered GSK3772847 was well tolerated in healthy participants, including cohorts of Japanese and Chinese participants, and shows consistent PK and PD across injection sites and ethnicities.
Perceptions into causes and consequences of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) variants
Authors: Laxminarayana Dama
Published: February 2023

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) variants are emerging worldwide and pathogenicity varies widely from no symptoms to death. The SARS‐CoV‐2 is evolving as lineages like Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Epsilon, Iota, Delta, and Omicron in the course of time. The main reasons for such viral evolution are (a) the imperfect nature of SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA polymerase, and viral exonuclease mediated proofreading functions resulting in the generation of mutations in viral genomes; (b) fusions of the 5′ leader sequence to unexpected 3′ sites, and transcription regulatory sequences (TRSs) in subgenomic RNAs (sgRNAs), which result in the generation of structural variants and novel open reading frames; (c) these viruses are combated by the host type I interferons (IFNs). In such a process IFNs upregulate viral RNA editing APOBEC3G/F and ADAR1 genes, which induce mutations in viral genomes. These factors play important roles in causing viral evolution and the emergence of more efficient SARS‐CoV‐2 genomes, which escape the host immune defense system, and vaccine‐elicited antibodies and impede therapeutic strategies. The main challenges we now face are how to control future SARS‐CoV‐2 evolution, the elimination of their deleterious side effects, and the onset of new diseases as aftermaths of SARS‐CoV‐2 infections. Preventive measures like (a) the development of broadly neutralizing antibodies and novel vaccines, therapies based on genomics and proteomics data will help in avoiding, and/or minimizing SARS‐CoV‐2 infections; (b) targeted therapies, application of patient‐based precision medicine methodology can help in achieving the goal and avoiding unwanted deleterious side effects and the onset of SARS‐CoV‐2 infections mediated several diseases in future.
Current status of US soil test phosphorus and potassium recommendations and analytical methods
Authors: Lyons Sarah E. , Clark Jason D. , Osmond Deanna L. , Parvej Md Rasel , Pearce Austin W. , Slaton Nathan A. , Spargo John T.
Published: February 2023

Soil testing is the foundation of fertilizer recommendations in the United States. Fertilizer recommendations have primarily been developed by land‐grant universities with limited coordination among programs. The individual state approach to develop fertilizer recommendations has resulted in discrepancies in recommended soil sampling protocols, soil analysis methods, and fertilizer recommendations at similar soil nutrient levels. A national survey was developed to summarize the status of soil testing and fertility work in the United States to inform future collaborative efforts among states and regions and identify opportunities to harmonize recommendation guidelines. Topics included relevant funding, multi‐state collaborations, state soil‐test recommendations and related data, fertilization philosophies, and analytical and soil sampling methods. Responses from 48 states and Puerto Rico showed inconsistencies across state boundaries in every category. The number of faculty full‐time equivalents working in soil fertility now averages 1.3 per state, a 21.5% decrease every 10 years since the 1950s. Land‐grant university soil‐test‐based phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) recommendation philosophies were categorized as Sufficiency (37%), Build and Maintain (19%), hybrid (20%), or multiple philosophies for which recommendations are provided (20%). Respondents in two states did not know the recommendation philosophy (4%). Fertilizer‐P and K recommendations for corn (Zea mays L.) were based on eight different extractants with differences across and within regions. While there have been some successful regional efforts in the past, additional multi‐state collaborative efforts are needed to identify research gaps and develop comprehensive strategies to update soil‐test correlation and calibration data to address modern agronomic, economic, and environmental concerns.
Sensitivity analysis using bias functions for studies extending inferences from a randomized trial to a target population
Authors: Dahabreh Issa J. , Robins James M. , Haneuse Sebastien J.‐P. A. , Saeed Iman , Robertson Sarah E. , Stuart Elizabeth A. , Hernán Miguel A.
Published: February 2023

Extending (i.e., generalizing or transporting) causal inferences from a randomized trial to a target population requires assumptions that randomized and nonrandomized individuals are exchangeable conditional on baseline covariates. These assumptions are made on the basis of background knowledge, which is often uncertain or controversial, and need to be subjected to sensitivity analysis. We present simple methods for sensitivity analyses that directly parameterize violations of the assumptions using bias functions and do not require detailed background knowledge about specific unknown or unmeasured determinants of the outcome or modifiers of the treatment effect. We show how the methods can be applied to non‐nested trial designs, where the trial data are combined with a separately obtained sample of nonrandomized individuals, as well as to nested trial designs, where the trial is embedded within a cohort sampled from the target population.
Boosting the Reversible, High‐Rate Na+ Storage Capability of the Hard Carbon Anode Via the Synergistic Structural Tailoring and Controlled Presodiation
Authors: Hou Liuyan , Liu Ting , Wang Helin , Bai Miao , Tang Xiaoyu , Wang Zhiqiao , Zhang Min , Li Shaowen , Wang Tianyu , Zhou Kefan , Ma Yue
Published: February 2023

Hard carbons (HCs) are extensively investigated as the potential anodes for commercialization of sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). However, the practical deployment of HC anode suffers from the retarded Na+ diffusion at the high‐rate or low‐temperature operation scenarios. Herein, a multiscale modification strategy by tuning HC microstructure on the particle level as well as replenishing extra Na+ reservoir for the electrode through a homogeneous presodiation therapy is presented. Consequently, the coulombic efficiency of HC anode can be precisely controlled till the close‐to‐unit value. Detailed kinetics analysis observes that the Na+ diffusivity can be drastically enhanced by two orders of magnitude at the low potential region (< 0.1 V vs. Na+/Na), which accelerates the rate‐limiting step. As pairing the presodiated HC anode (≈5.0 ± 0.2 mg cm−2) with the NaVPO4F cathode (≈10.3 mg cm−2) in the 200 mAh pouch cell, the optimal balance of the cyclability (83% over 1000 cycles), low‐temperature behavior till −40 °C as well as the maximized power output of 1500 W kg−1 can be simultaneously achieved. This synergistic modification strategy opens a new avenue to exploit the reversible, ultrafast Na+ storage kinetics of HC anodes, which thus constitutes a quantum leap forward toward high‐rate SIB prototyping.
A resource efficient pseudo random number generator based on sawtooth maps for Internet of Things
Authors: Zia Unsub , McCartney Mark , Scotney Bryan , Martinez Jorge , Sajjad Ali
Published: February 2023

The strength of cryptographic keys rely on the random number generators (RNGs) to produce random seed values. Unfortunately there are not many RNGs options suitable for Internet of Things (IoTs) scenario, due to limited processing resources and bulk quantity of IoT data that needs to be secured. In this article, we studied sawtooth map which is a chaotic map. However, when implemented on a computer, the sawtooth map results on a non‐chaotic orbit due to the finite precision of computation. This can be avoided if we use the sawtooth map as the local map in a coupled map lattice (CML) system. We explore such coupled map systems for randomness through entropy and statistical analysis. Based on the results, we propose a lightweight hybrid pseudo random number generator (PRNG) based on sawtooth based CML system and SPONGENT hashing. The proposed PRNG is thoroughly tested against statistical attacks, entropy analysis, key space analysis and compared with existing state of the art solutions. The results provide evidence that the proposed PRNG produces random numbers that could produce sufficiently strong cryptographic keys for resource constrained IoT devices.
The necessary of ternary amyloid classification for clinical practice: An alternative to the binary amyloid definition
Authors: Ren Shuhua , Pan Yongsheng , Li Junpeng , Huang Lin , Cui Liang , Jiang Donglang , Huang Qi , Guan Yihui , Guo Qihao , Shen Dinggang , Xie Fang
Published: February 2023

Visual interpretation is considered the gold standard for amyloid scans in clinical practice. However, dichotomous classification of amyloid deposition by visual reading always results in bias due to rater experience. Therefore, there is a need for a more lenient and flexible amyloid‐equivocal classification in clinical practice. A total of 461 participants were included in this study. Amyloid and glucose positron‐emission tomography was performed, and neuropsychological tests were evaluated. A disease‐specific deep‐learning method was used to identify amyloid equivocality. Amyloid deposition, glucose metabolism, and cognitive performance were analyzed and compared among amyloid‐positive, amyloid‐negative, and amyloid‐equivocal groups. Clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease individuals and subjects with normal cognition were used to create amyloid biomarker cut points to support the definition of equivocal amyloid deposition. A total of 139 amyloid‐equivocal individuals were identified by deep learning methods. They displayed intermediate amyloid deposition between that of amyloid‐positive (standardized uptake value ratio [SUVr]: 1.25 ± 0.10 vs. 1.47 ± 0.20, p < 0.001) and amyloid‐negative (SUVr: 1.25 ± 0.10 vs. 1.18 ± 0.07, p < 0.001) individuals. No difference in glucose metabolism or cognitive performance was observed between amyloid negativity and equivocality. Furthermore, the SUVr for the whole cortex, the precuneus, and the frontal lobe served as auxiliary criteria supporting the diagnosis of equivocal amyloid deposition. We also established a guide to assist in the interpretation of amyloid equivocality by visual reading with auxiliary criteria including two cut points and deep learning methods.
AQME: Automated quantum mechanical environments for researchers and educators
Authors: Alegre‐Requena Juan V. , Sowndarya S. V. Shree , Pérez‐Soto Raúl , Alturaifi Turki M. , Paton Robert S.
Published: February 2023

AQME, automated quantum mechanical environments, is a free and open‐source Python package for the rapid deployment of automated workflows using cheminformatics and quantum chemistry. AQME workflows integrate tasks performed across multiple computational chemistry packages and data formats, preserving all computational protocols, data, and metadata for machine and human users to access and reuse. AQME has a modular structure of independent modules that can be implemented in any sequence, allowing the users to use all or only the desired parts of the program. The code has been developed for researchers with basic familiarity with the Python programming language. The CSEARCH module interfaces to molecular mechanics and semi‐empirical QM (SQM) conformer generation tools (e.g., RDKit and Conformer–Rotamer Ensemble Sampling Tool, CREST) starting from various initial structure formats. The CMIN module enables geometry refinement with SQM and neural network potentials, such as ANI. The QPREP module interfaces with multiple QM programs, such as Gaussian, ORCA, and PySCF. The QCORR module processes QM results, storing structural, energetic, and property data while also enabling automated error handling (i.e., convergence errors, wrong number of imaginary frequencies, isomerization, etc.) and job resubmission. The QDESCP module provides easy access to QM ensemble‐averaged molecular descriptors and computed properties, such as NMR spectra. Overall, AQME provides automated, transparent, and reproducible workflows to produce, analyze and archive computational chemistry results. SMILES inputs can be used, and many aspects of tedious human manipulation can be avoided. Installation and execution on Windows, macOS, and Linux platforms have been tested, and the code has been developed to support access through Jupyter Notebooks, the command line, and job submission (e.g., Slurm) scripts. Examples of pre‐configured workflows are available in various formats, and hands‐on video tutorials illustrate their use.

This article is categorized under:

Data Science > Chemoinformatics

Data Science > Computer Algorithms and Programming

Software > Quantum Chemistry
Correction to: Localizing the SDGs in African Cities
Authors: Croese Sylvia , Parnell Susan
Published: February 2023

They have now been changed to open access under a CC BY 4.0 license and the copyright holder updated to ‘The Author(s)’. The book has also been updated with these changes.
Wie ist Geographieunterricht angesichts des Zentralabiturs möglich? Diskussion und systemtheoretische Einordnung der Ergebnisse
Authors: Mäsgen Johanna
Published: February 2023

In diesem Kapitel werden die im vorangegangenen Kapitel vorgestellten empirischen Forschungsergebnisse diskutiert und systemtheoretisch eingeordnet: komplexitätsreduzierende Handlungsstrategien als Selbstbeschränkung des Unterrichts, äußere Einflüsse als Fremdbeschränkung des Unterrichts sowie das Verhältnis von Vermittlung/Aneignung und Selektion. Schließlich werden Konsequenzen der Selbst- und Fremdbeschränkung von Unterricht und der Konkurrenz der beiden Steuerungscodes diskutiert: a) eine Mehrsystemzugehörigkeit von Unterricht und b) ein Entleeren und Zusammenschrumpfen des Erziehungssystems.
On Algebraic Properties of the Family of Weakly Świa̧tkowski Functions
Authors: Bartoszewicz Artur , Filipczak Małgorzata , Terepeta Małgorzata
Published: February 2023

In the paper we will focus on weakly Światkowski functions. We say that f satisfies the weak Świa̧tkowski condition (or f is a weakly Świa̧tkowski function) if for all $$x_1, x_2$$

x
1

,

x
2

with $$f(x_1)< f(x_2)$$

f

(

x
1

)

<
f

(

x
2

)

there is a point x between $$x_1$$

x
1

and $$x_2$$

x
2

such that $$f(x_1)<f(x)< f(x_2)$$

f

(

x
1

)

<
f

(
x
)

<
f

(

x
2

)

. This definition is a modification of the Świa̧tkowski condition, in which point x mentioned above has to be a point of continuity of f. In the paper we will examine some properties of weakly Świa̧tkowski functions and consider lineability and algebrability of some families of functions related to them.
Mental Health Surveillance am Robert Koch-Institut – Strategien zur Beobachtung der psychischen Gesundheit der Bevölkerung
Authors: Thom Julia , Walther Lena , Eicher Sophie , Hölling Heike , Junker Stephan , Peitz Diana , Wilhelm Julia , Mauz Elvira
Published: February 2023

Die fortlaufende und systematische Beobachtung der Bevölkerungsgesundheit ist grundlegend für eine effektive Public-Health-Praxis. Angesichts der wachsenden Bedeutung psychischer Gesundheit für die Bevölkerungsgesundheit wird am Robert Koch-Institut eine Mental Health Surveillance für Deutschland aufgebaut. Deren Ziel ist es, kontinuierlich verlässliche Einschätzungen zur psychischen Gesundheit der Bevölkerung und ihrer Entwicklung zur Verfügung zu stellen.

Aktuell werden 3 Surveillance-Strategien verfolgt: 1) Regelmäßige Bestandsaufnahmen sollen den psychischen Gesundheitszustand der Bevölkerung über eine Vielfalt an Indikatoren und Datengrundlagen umfassend beschreiben und langfristige Veränderungen aufzeigen. Sie knüpfen an bereits vorliegende Arbeiten aus Epidemiologie und Versorgungsforschung an. 2) Die hochfrequente Beobachtung einer Auswahl an Indikatoren dient der frühen Erkennung von Trends. 3) Das kontinuierliche Literaturreview erfasst monatlich die aktuelle Evidenzlage zur Entwicklung der psychischen Gesundheit in der COVID-19-Pandemie. Die beiden letzten Strategien entstanden in Reaktion auf veränderte Informationsbedarfe während der Pandemie.

In diesem Beitrag werden die 3 Strategien, ihre Funktionen, Grenzen und Entwicklungspotenziale beschrieben und diskutiert. Vermittelt über verschiedene Formate der Berichterstattung können sie Handlungs- und Forschungsbedarfe im Bereich Public Mental Health aufzeigen. Bei weiterem Aufbau und Betrieb hat Mental Health Surveillance insgesamt das Potenzial, die Erreichung von Zielsetzungen im Bereich Public Mental Health zu unterstützen und auf verschiedenen Ebenen zur Verbesserung der gesundheitlichen Lage beizutragen.
When Competitors Join Forces: Consortia of Entomopathogenic Microorganisms Increase Killing Speed and Mortality in Leaf- and Root-Feeding Insect Hosts
Authors: Spescha Anna , Zwyssig Maria , Hess Hermida Mathias , Moix Aurélie , Bruno Pamela , Enkerli Jürg , Campos-Herrera Raquel , Grabenweger Giselher , Maurhofer Monika
Published: February 2023

Combining different biocontrol agents (BCA) is an approach to increase efficacy and reliability of biological control. If several BCA are applied together, they have to be compatible and ideally work together. We studied the interaction of a previously selected BCA consortium of entomopathogenic pseudomonads (Pseudomonas chlororaphis), nematodes (Steinernema feltiae associated with Xenorhabdus bovienii), and fungi (Metarhizium brunneum). We monitored the infection course in a leaf- (Pieris brassicae) and a root-feeding (Diabrotica balteata) pest insect after simultaneous application of the three BCA as well as their interactions inside the larvae in a laboratory setting. The triple combination caused the highest mortality and increased killing speed compared to single applications against both pests. Improved efficacy against P. brassicae was mainly caused by the pseudomonad-nematode combination, whereas the nematode-fungus combination accelerated killing of D. balteata. Co-monitoring of the three BCA and the nematode-associated Xenorhabdus symbionts revealed that the four organisms are able to co-infect the same larva. However, with advancing decay of the cadaver there is increasing competition and cadaver colonization is clearly dominated by the pseudomonads, which are known for their high competitivity in the plant rhizosphere. Altogether, the combination of the three BCA increased killing efficacy against a Coleopteran and a Lepidopteran pest which indicates that this consortium could be applied successfully against a variety of insect pests.

Graphical Abstract
Controlling the physical properties of polyacrylonitrile by strontium hexaferrite nanoparticles
Authors: Shoubak Walaa M. , Hassan A. , Mahrous S. , Hassen A.
Published: February 2023

The formulation of polymer with embedded magnetic nanoparticles results in promising nanocomposites for smart and analytical applications. Nanocomposites containing polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and different mass contents of strontium hexaferrite (SFO) were prepared using the casting method. The nanocomposite samples were characterized by using different techniques such as field-emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis. Dielectric investigations of SFO/PAN nanocomposites showed that the permittivity and conductivity are considerably enhanced as the content of SFO increased. Optical properties revealed that the absorption and transmittance spectra were significantly affected by adding SFO nanoparticles to the PNA polymer matrix. To investigate the magnetic properties of the nanocomposite samples, the vibrating sample magnetometer was used. The magnetic hysteresis loops illustrated the ferromagnetic nature of SFO/PAN nanocomposites. Different magnetic parameters were given, and they depend on the content of PAN in the nanocomposites.
Occupational asbestos exposure and urinary bladder cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Franco Nicolò , Godono Alessandro , Clari Marco , Ciocan Catalina , Zunarelli Carlotta , Pira Enrico , Boffetta Paolo
Published: February 2023

Purpose

There is conflicting evidence on the association between asbestos exposure and bladder cancer. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to provide evidence on occupational asbestos exposure and the risk of mortality and incidence of bladder cancer.

Methods

We searched three relevant electronic databases (Pubmed, Scopus, and Embase) from inception to October 2021. The methodological quality of included articles was evaluated using the US National Institutes of Health tool. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for bladder cancer, as well as respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs), were extracted or calculated for each included cohort. Main and subgroup meta-analyses according to first year of employment, industry, sex, asbestos type, and geographic region were performed.

Results

Fifty-nine publications comprising 60 cohorts were included. Bladder cancer incidence and mortality were not significantly associated with occupational asbestos exposure (pooled SIR: 1.04, 95% CI: 0.95–1.13, P = 0.000; pooled SMR: 1.06, 95% CI: 0.96–1.17, P = 0.031). Bladder cancer incidence was higher among workers employed between 1908 and 1940 (SIR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.01–1.31). Mortality was elevated in asbestos workers cohorts (SMR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.06–1.30) and in the subgroup analysis for women (SMR: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.22–2.75). No association was found between asbestos types and bladder cancer incidence or mortality. We observed no difference in the subgroup analysis for countries and no direct publication bias evidence.

Conclusion

There is evidence that workers with occupational asbestos exposure have a bladder cancer incidence and mortality similar to the general population.
New SNCA mutation and structures of α-synuclein filaments from juvenile-onset synucleinopathy
Authors: Yang Yang , Garringer Holly J. , Shi Yang , Lövestam Sofia , Peak-Chew Sew , Zhang Xianjun , Kotecha Abhay , Bacioglu Mehtap , Koto Atsuo , Takao Masaki , Spillantini Maria Grazia , Ghetti Bernardino , Vidal Ruben , Murzin Alexey G. , Scheres Sjors H. W. , Goedert Michel
Published: February 2023

A 21-nucleotide duplication in one allele of SNCA was identified in a previously described disease with abundant α-synuclein inclusions that we now call juvenile-onset synucleinopathy (JOS). This mutation translates into the insertion of MAAAEKT after residue 22 of α-synuclein, resulting in a protein of 147 amino acids. Both wild-type and mutant proteins were present in sarkosyl-insoluble material that was extracted from frontal cortex of the individual with JOS and examined by electron cryo-microscopy. The structures of JOS filaments, comprising either a single protofilament, or a pair of protofilaments, revealed a new α-synuclein fold that differs from the folds of Lewy body diseases and multiple system atrophy (MSA). The JOS fold consists of a compact core, the sequence of which (residues 36–100 of wild-type α-synuclein) is unaffected by the mutation, and two disconnected density islands (A and B) of mixed sequences. There is a non-proteinaceous cofactor bound between the core and island A. The JOS fold resembles the common substructure of MSA Type I and Type II dimeric filaments, with its core segment approximating the C-terminal body of MSA protofilaments B and its islands mimicking the N-terminal arm of MSA protofilaments A. The partial similarity of JOS and MSA folds extends to the locations of their cofactor-binding sites. In vitro assembly of recombinant wild-type α-synuclein, its insertion mutant and their mixture yielded structures that were distinct from those of JOS filaments. Our findings provide insight into a possible mechanism of JOS fibrillation in which mutant α-synuclein of 147 amino acids forms a nucleus with the JOS fold, around which wild-type and mutant proteins assemble during elongation.
Coronal extrusion of the lateral meniscus does not increase after pullout repair of the posterior root of the lateral meniscus at short-term follow-up
Authors: Forkel Philipp , Noack Jonas , Hinz Maximilian , Imhoff Andreas B. , Wörtler Klaus , Feucht Matthias J.
Published: February 2023

Purpose

Posterior lateral meniscus root (PLMR) tears are injuries that commonly occur together with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcome of PLMR repair accompanying ACL reconstruction. Specifically, PLMR healing rates, meniscal extrusion behavior and their influence on patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) were analyzed. It was hypothesized that PLMR repair shows satisfactory healing rates and coronal meniscal extrusion does not increase significantly following PLMR repair.

Methods

Patients that underwent PLMR repair between 2014 and 2019 were evaluated at least 12 months postoperatively. At follow-up, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed in order to evaluate the PLMR healing behavior (complete vs. partial vs. no healing) as well as the coronal and sagittal meniscal extrusion in comparison with the preoperative MRI. Additionally, patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs; Lysholm score, International Knee Documentation Committee subjective knee form [IKDC]) were compiled. Pre- and postoperative meniscal extrusion were tested for statistical significance using the paired t test. The Kruskal–Wallis test was used to compare extrusion values and PROMs in relation to different healing states. A correlation analysis was conducted using the Pearson correlation coefficient between differences in meniscal extrusion and PROMs.

Results

Out of 25 patients, 18 patients (72.0%; 11 male and seven female) were available for final assessment at a mean follow-up of 40.8 ± SD 17.5 months. One revision PLMR repair was performed five months after the initial repair. In 14 cases (77.8%), healing of the lateral meniscus was observed (6 × complete, 8 × partial). Coronal extrusion of the lateral meniscus did not increase significantly following PLMR repair (2.0 ± 1.5 mm vs. 2.1 ± 1.3 mm; p = 0.645). Sagittal extrusion increased significantly (25.7 ± 2.4 mm vs. 27.0 ± 1.4 mm; p < 0.001). The healing status of the PLMR showed no significant association with meniscal extrusion or PROMs (p > 0.05). But a higher increase in coronal meniscal extrusion negatively affected PROMs (Lysholm score: p = 0.046, r = − 0.475; IKDC: p = 0.003, r = − 0.651).

Conclusion

High healing rates of the PLMR and no significant increase in coronal extrusion may be expected following combined PLMR repair and ACL reconstruction. But a greater increase in postoperative coronal meniscal extrusion correlates with less favorable clinical results. A greater increase in sagittal extrusion was observed, but this did not influence the clinical outcome.

Level of evidence

Retrospective Case Series; IV.
An exploratory study of imaging diagnostic clues for overhanging facial nerve in ultra-high-resolution CT
Authors: Zhang Zhengyu , Tang Ruowei , Wu Qian , Zhao Pengfei , Yang Zhenghan , Wang Zhenchang
Published: February 2023

Purpose

Overhanging facial nerve (FN) may be challenging in imaging diagnosis. The purpose of the study is to investigate the imaging clues for overhanging FN near the oval window on ultra-high-resolution computed tomography (U-HRCT) images.

Methods

Between October 2020 and August 2021, images of 325 ears (276 patients) were included in the analysis obtained by an experimental U-HRCT scanner. On standard reformatted images, the morphology of FN was evaluated and its position was quantitatively measured using the following indices: protrusion ratio (PR), protruding angle (A), position of FN (P-FN), distance between FN and stapes (D-S), and distance between FN and anterior and posterior crura of stapes (D-AC and D-PC). According to the FN morphology in imaging, images were divided into overhanging FN group and non-overhanging FN group. Binary univariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the imaging indices independently associated with overhanging FN.

Results

Overhanging FN was found in 66 ears (20.3%), which manifested as downwards protrusion of either local segment (61 ears, 61/66) or the entire course near the oval window (5 ears, 5/66). D-AC [odds ratio: 0.063, 95% CI 0.012–0.334, P = 0.001) and D-PC (odds ratio: 0.008, 95% CI 0.001–0.050, P = 0.000) were identified as independent predictors of FN overhang (area under the curve: 0.828 and 0.865, respectively).

Conclusion

Abnormal morphology of the lower margin of FN, D-AC and D-PC on U-HRCT
images provide valuable diagnostic clues for FN overhang.
The Berlin-Buch respiration chamber for energy expenditure measurements
Authors: Mähler Anja , Schütte Till , Steiniger Jochen , Boschmann Michael
Published: February 2023

Purpose

We present a methodological overview of a respiration chamber at the Experimental and Clinical Research Center in Berlin, Germany. Since 2010, we investigated 750 healthy subjects and patients with various diseases. We routinely measure resting energy expenditure (REE), dietary-induced thermogenesis, and activity energy expenditure.

Methods

The chamber is a pull calorimeter with a total volume of 11,000 L. The majority of measurements is done with a flow rate of 120 L/min, yielding a favorable time constant of 1.53 h. The gas analysis system consists of two paramagnetic O2 sensors and two infrared CO2 sensors, one for incoming and one for outgoing air samples. O2 and CO2 sensors are calibrated simultaneously before each measurement with a 6 min calibration routine. To verify the accuracy of the whole the calorimetric system, it is validated every 2 weeks by 2 h acetone burning tests.

Results

Validation factors (calculated/measured) of 20 representative 2 h acetone burning tests were 1.03 ± 0.03 for $$\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{2}$$

V
˙

O
2

, 1.02 ± 0.02 for $$\dot{V}{\text{CO}}_{{2}}$$

V
˙

CO
2

, 0.99 ± 0.02 for RER, and 1.03 ± 0.03 for EE. Four repeated 60 min REE measurements of a healthy woman showed variabilities of 231.9 ± 4.8 ml/min for $$\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{2}$$

V
˙

O
2

(CV 2.1%), 166.0 ± 6.3 ml/min for $$\dot{V}{\text{CO}}_{{2}}$$

V
˙

CO
2

(CV 3.8%), 0.73 ± 0.03 for RER (CV 4.6%), and 4.55 ± 0.07 kJ/min for EE (CV 1.6%).

Conclusions

The data presented show that our respiration chamber produces precise and valid EE measurements with an exceptionally fast responsiveness.

Graphical Abstract
Inhibition of ventral tegmental area projections to the nucleus accumbens shell increases premature responding in the five-choice serial reaction time task in rats
Authors: Flores-Dourojeanni Jacques P. , van den Munkhof Marleen H. , Luijendijk Mieneke C. M. , Vanderschuren Louk J. M. J. , Adan Roger A. H.
Published: February 2023

Exaggerated impulsivity and attentional impairments are hallmarks of certain disorders of behavioural control such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), schizophrenia and addiction. Pharmacological studies have implicated elevated dopamine (DA) levels in the nucleus accumbens shell (NAcbS) in impulsive actions. The NAcbS receives its DA input from the ventral tegmental area (VTA), and we have previously shown that optogenetic activation of VTA-NAcbS projections impaired impulse control and attention in the five-choice serial reaction time task (5-CSRTT) in rats. To better understand the role of VTA-NAcbS projections in impulsivity and attention, the present study sought to inhibit this projection using optogenetics. We demonstrate that inhibiting VTA-NAcbS efferents during the last seconds of the inter-trial interval (i.e. immediately before presentation of the instructive cue) induces exaggerated impulsive action, in the absence of changes in attentional or motivational parameters in the 5-CSRTT. Together with our earlier observations, this suggests that impulse control in the 5-CSRTT is tightly controlled by VTA-NAcbS activity, with deviations in both directions resulting in increased impulsivity.
Mapping Tumor Heterogeneity via Local Entropy Assessment: Making Biomarkers Visible
Authors: Costa Guido , Cavinato Lara , Fiz Francesco , Sollini Martina , Chiti Arturo , Torzilli Guido , Ieva Francesca , Viganò Luca
Published: February 2023

Advanced imaging and analysis improve prediction of pathology data and outcomes in several tumors, with entropy-based measures being among the most promising biomarkers. However, entropy is often perceived as statistical data lacking clinical significance. We aimed to generate a voxel-by-voxel visual map of local tumor entropy, thus allowing to (1) make entropy explainable and accessible to clinicians; (2) disclose and quantitively characterize any intra-tumoral entropy heterogeneity; (3) evaluate associations between entropy and pathology data. We analyzed the portal phase of preoperative CT of 20 patients undergoing liver surgery for colorectal metastases. A three-dimensional core kernel (5 × 5 × 5 voxels) was created and used to compute the local entropy value for each voxel of the tumor. The map was encoded with a color palette. We performed two analyses: (a) qualitative assessment of tumors’ detectability and pattern of entropy distribution; (b) quantitative analysis of the entropy values distribution. The latter data were compared with standard Hounsfield data as predictors of post-chemotherapy tumor regression grade (TRG). Entropy maps were successfully built for all tumors. Metastases were qualitatively hyper-entropic compared to surrounding parenchyma. In four cases hyper-entropic areas exceeded the tumor margin visible at CT. We identified four “entropic” patterns: homogeneous, inhomogeneous, peripheral rim, and mixed. At quantitative analysis, entropy-derived data (percentiles/mean/median/root mean square) predicted TRG (p < 0.05) better than Hounsfield-derived ones (p = n.s.). We present a standardized imaging technique to visualize tumor heterogeneity built on a voxel-by-voxel entropy assessment. The association of local entropy with pathology data supports its role as a biomarker.

Graphical Abstract
A Phenomenological Actus Essendi? Hedwig Conrad-Martius and Edith Stein on Finite Existence
Authors: Neumann Daniel
Published: February 2023

In later Edith Stein and Hedwig Conrad-Martius, finite existence appears to be necessarily intertwined with infinite being. In response to this observation, this paper puts particular focus on the experience of finite being in order to address the specifically phenomenological (i.e., experiential) aspects of Stein’s and Conrad-Martius’ metaphysics. As a consequence, instead of pointing to eternal or infinite being, finite experience is understood to – less specifically – transcend itself. Using the notion ofactus essendi(priority of existence over essence), I identify two ideas as specifically characterizing this transcendence: non-ownership of time (in Conrad-Martius), by which is questioned the coherence of inner time consciousness, as well as non-ownership of sense (in Stein), stipulating that the sense one intuitively and intellectively experiences in reference to objects is discovered, rather than made. Subsequently, the paper discusses how Stein’s and Conrad-Martius’ metaphysics of finite existence is reflected in their critical assessments of Heidegger’s existential finitude.
Challenges of participatory design in apartment buildings’ renovation projects in Finland
Authors: Soikkeli Anu , Santamäki Emmi , Hynninen Oona , Äijälä Saara
Published: February 2023

Participatory and user-centered design has taken inspiration from each other, and the classical roles of users, researchers, and designers have merged in the co-designing process. Participatory methods consider the balance of power between the designer and residents and the needs and usefulness of the research. Community members should be involved as partners, advisors, and participants.

In Finland, participatory design is law mandated in urban planning projects, but participation that goes beyond the initial publicization of information, is genuinely interactive, and spans all stages of the project is underutilised and the methods of participatory practice are still unfamiliar to many designers. The methods commonly used are the research survey and the workshop, often mentioned as participatory design methods. From the residents’ perspective, participation only becomes participatory when the participant gains the experience of influencing the development and its outcomes. The article examines resident surveys and workshops as tools to produce information and evaluate their interactivity in two case studies. It shows that the diversification of methods is necessary to ensure genuine participatory planning in the renewal of suburban neighborhoods.

The research was done as part of the project Reshaping living: New structure and new life for old suburbs (AsuMut), funded by the Ministry of Environment.
How do Employees with Chronic Musculoskeletal Disorders Experience the Management of Their Condition in the Workplace? A Metasynthesis
Authors: Skamagki Glykeria , Carpenter Christine , King Andrew , Wåhlin Charlotte
Published: February 2023

This metasynthesis contributes to an understanding of the experiences, perceptions, and attitudes of employees on managing chronic musculoskeletal disorders (CMSDs) at work. Many studies in this field are concerned with prevention or return-to-work (RTW) programmes. However, the purpose of this review was to synthesise evidence that only focuses on the employees’ management of their CMSDs at work. The SPIDER framework was used to structure the question “How do employees with CMSDs experience the management of their condition in the workplace”? The literature search focused on articles published between 2011 and 2021, and the search was conducted using the following databases: MEDLINE, SCOPUS, CINAHL, AMED, PsycINFO. The review identified nine articles that explored employees’ experiences of managing CMSDs at work. Thematic synthesis was used to create analytic themes which provided a more in-depth discussion of these experiences. The identified themes were: ‘employees actively seek ways to manage their conditions’, ‘influence of work environment on employees with CMSDs’ and ‘optimising the relationship between employees and managers. This metasynthesis suggests that the ability to negotiate workplace support and manage CMSDs at work is influenced by the cultural and social environment of the organisation. Effective communication, care and trust between the employee is needed. The review also illustrated the need for healthcare professionals to provide support to employees at work.
Evaluation of the therapeutic potential of cerebrolysin and/or lithium in the male Wistar rat model of Parkinson’s disease induced by reserpine
Authors: Tharwat Engy K. , Abdelaty Ahmed O. , Abdelrahman Alaa I. , Elsaeed Hebatallah , Elgohary Ayatallah , El-Feky Amena S. , Ebrahim Yasmina M. , Sakraan Alaa , Ismail Hossam A. , Khadrawy Yasser A. , Aboul Ezz Heba S. , Noor Neveen A. , Fahmy Heba M. , Mohammed Haitham S. , Mohammed Faten F. , Radwan Nasr M. , Ahmed Nawal A.
Published: February 2023

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease worldwide and represents a challenge for clinicians. The present study aims to investigate the effects of cerebrolysin and/or lithium on the behavioral, neurochemical and histopathological alterations induced by reserpine as a model of PD. The rats were divided into control and reserpine-induced PD model groups. The model animals were further divided into four subgroups: rat PD model, rat PD model treated with cerebrolysin, rat PD model treated with lithium and rat PD model treated with a combination of cerebrolysin and lithium. Treatment with cerebrolysin and/or lithium ameliorated most of the alterations in oxidative stress parameters, acetylcholinesterase and monoamines in the striatum and midbrain of reserpine-induced PD model. It also ameliorated the changes in nuclear factor-kappa and improved the histopathological picture induced by reserpine. It could be suggested that cerebrolysin and/or lithium showed promising therapeutic potential against the variations induced in the reserpine model of PD. However, the ameliorating effects of lithium on the neurochemical, histopathological and behavioral alterations induced by reserpine were more prominent than those of cerebrolysin alone or combined with lithium. It can be concluded that the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of both drugs played a significant role in their therapeutic potency.
The safety and efficacy of gabapentinoids in the management of neuropathic pain: a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Meaadi Jawza , Obara Ilona , Eldabe Sam , Nazar Hamde
Published: February 2023

Background

There are increasing concerns regarding the abusive potential of gabapentinoids putting at risk patients with neuropathic pain requiring long-term pain management. The evidence to support this is rather inconcusive.

Aim

This systematic review aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of gabapentinoids in the management of neuropathic pain with a focus on randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and categorising the side effects according to the body systems they were affecting.

Method

Searches were conducted in MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, Web of Science, PsycoINFO, and CINAHL (EBSCO), and included RCTs to identify and critically appraise studies investigating safety and therapeutic effects of gabapentionoids in adults with neuropathic pain. Data extraction was conducted using an established Cochrane form and the risk-of-bias tool was used in the assessment of quality.

Results

50 studies (12,398 participants) were included. The majority of adverse events pertained to the nervous system (7 effects) or psychiatric (3 effects) disorders. There were more adverse effects reported with pregabalin (36 effects) than with gabapentin (22 effects). Six pregabalin studies reported euphoria as a side effect, while no studies reported euphoria with gabapentin. This was the only side effect that may correlate with addictive potential. Gabapentioids were reported to significantly reduce pain compared to placebo.

Conclusion

Despite RCTs documenting the adverse events of gabapentionoids on the nervous system, there was no evidence of gabapentinoid use leading to addiction, suggesting an urgent need to design studies investigating their abusive potential.