bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anestesia subdural acidental após punção peridural
Authors: Machado Eric Guimarães , Marcos Marco Felipe Bouzada , Chaves Leandro Fellet Miranda
Published: February 2019

A anestesia peridural é um procedimento amplamente realizado em nível mundial, por sua segurança e benefícios oferecidos. O espaço subdural é localizado entre as membranas aracnoide e dura máter, mormalmente se apresentando como um espaço virtual. A punção inadvertida do espaço subdural tem ocorrência rara. O objetivo deste relato é demonstrar um caso de bloqueio subdural durante procedimento cirúrgico de correção de hérnia incisional, cuja técnica anestésica escolhida foi anestesia peridural. A punção lombar foi realizada sem intercorrências. Realizada uma dose teste de lidocaína com epinefrina e então administrado Bupivacaina, fentanil e morfina. A paciente evoluiu com anestesia desejada, apresentando estabilidade hemodinâmica. Com o transcorrer do procedimento cirúrgico, a paciente apresentou queda da saturação, rebaixamento do nível de consciência, optando por intubação orotraqueal Ao fim do procedimento, optou-se pela extubação. A paciente permaneceu na sala de recuperação pós anestésica estável hemodinamicamente, com nível de consciência preservado e saturação de oxigênio satisfatória. O bloqueio subdural é uma complicação de rara ocorrência. Os achados clínicos desta entidade foram classificados em critérios maior e menor. Os critérios maiores são: teste de aspiração negativo para líquor; ou bloqueio sensorial inesperadamente extenso após injeção peridural. São critérios menores: início tardio para um bloqueio nervoso sensitivo ou motor; bloqueio motor variável, apesar do uso de baixas doses de Bupivacaína; ou bloqueio simpático desproporcional à dose de anestésico local administrada. Se ambos os critérios maiores e um dos critérios menores estiverem presentes, considerar bloqueio subdural. Foi aventada a possibilidade de bloqueio subdural por ter ocorrido vasto bloqueio sensitivo/motor, com aspiração negativa de líquor e início tardio do bloqueio. Foi instituído tratamento de suporte, com monitorização hemodinâmica, suporte ventilatório e acompanhamento para avaliar alguma possível complicação. Embora seja uma complicação rara dos bloqueios peridurais, a anestesia subdural pode ocorrer e faz-se necessário seu reconhecimento e adequado manejo.
Cancer gástrico pós gastroplastia em Y-de-Roux
Authors: Diniz Victor Melo , Lima Diego Laurentino , Cordeiro Raquel Nogueira , Meira Marconi Roberto Lemos , Wanderley Geraldo José Paraíso , Campelo Camila Correia Pimentel
Published: February 2019

Introdução: A incidência de adenocarcinoma gástrico em pacientes submetidos ao bypass gástrico em Y de Roux (BPGYR) é rara. Nos últimos 10 anos, pouco mais de 30 casos foram descritos, tendo sido a maioria no estômago excluso. A etiopatogenia ainda é desconhecida. Todavia, acredita-se que o refluxo crônico, a infecção por H.pylori e a estase gástrica de alimentos não digeridos estariam associados à gênese do câncer. A sintomatologia geralmente inclui sintomas inespecíficos, sendo a mais comum a dor abdominal. O método diagnóstico mais sensível é a endoscopia digestiva alta. Todavia, a dificuldade em acessar o estômago remanescente em pacientes submetidos ao bypass termina por atrasar o diagnóstico nesses pacientes. Relato do caso: Paciente de 68 anos, sexo feminino, que havia sido submetida a BPGYR por obesidade mórbida há 14 anos, apresentava dor epigástrica e melena. O diagnóstico de tumoração em câmara gástrica foi realizado por tomografia computadorizada de abdome e por endoscopia digestiva. Diante do quadro de sangramento persistente e anemia aguda, foi optado por laparotomia com gastrectomia total e anastomose esôfago-jejunal, sendo evidenciado adenocarcinoma bem diferenciado em pouch gástrico. No seguimento oncológico, a paciente realizou quimioterapia. A sintomatologia do adenocarcinoma gástrico é inespecífica em grande parte dos pacientes e se confunde com os sintomas pós-operatórios da cirurgia. Seu diagnóstico também é postergado pela dificuldade de centros que realizem endoscopia com análise do estômago excluso. Recomenda-se que em casos de sintomas gerais nesses pacientes, seja feita a avaliação com endoscopia ou tomografia em um centro especializado.
Disease Activity in Mitral Annular Calcification
Authors: Massera Daniele , Trivieri Maria G. , Andrews Jack P.M. , Sartori Samantha , Abgral Ronan , Chapman Andrew R. , Jenkins William S.A. , Vesey Alex T. , Doris Mhairi K. , Pawade Tania A. , Zheng Kang H. , Kizer Jorge R. , Newby David E. , Dweck Marc R.
Published: February 2019

Background:

Mitral annular calcification (MAC) is associated with cardiovascular events and mitral valve dysfunction. However, the underlying pathophysiology remains incompletely understood. In this prospective longitudinal study, we used a multimodality approach including positron emission tomography, computed tomography, and echocardiography to investigate the pathophysiology of MAC and assess factors associated with disease activity and progression.

Methods:

A total of 104 patients (age 72±8 years, 30% women) with calcific aortic valve disease, therefore predisposed to MAC, underwent
18
F-sodium fluoride (calcification activity) and
18
F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (inflammation activity) positron emission tomography, computed tomography calcium scoring, and echocardiography. Sixty patients underwent repeat computed tomography and echocardiography after 2 years.

Results:

MAC (mitral annular calcium score >0) was present in 35 (33.7%) patients who had increased
18
F-fluoride (tissue-to-background ratio, 2.32 [95% CI, 1.81–3.27] versus 1.30 [1.22–1.49];
P
<0.001) and
18
F-Fluorodeoxyglucose activity (tissue-to-background ratio, 1.44 [1.37–1.58] versus 1.17 [1.12–1.24];
P
<0.001) compared with patients without MAC. MAC activity (
18
F-fluoride uptake) was closely associated with the local calcium score and
18
F-Fluorodeoxyglucose uptake, as well as female sex and renal function. Similarly, MAC progression was closely associated with local factors, in particular, baseline MAC. Traditional cardiovascular risk factors and calcification activity in bone or remote atherosclerotic areas were not associated with disease activity nor progression.

Conclusions:

MAC is characterized by increased local calcification activity and inflammation. Baseline MAC burden was associated with disease activity and the rate of subsequent progression. This suggests a self-perpetuating cycle of calcification and inflammation that may be the target of future therapeutic interventions.
Khulʿ: Local Contours of a Global Phenomenon
Authors: Sonneveld Nadia , Stiles Erin
Published: February 2019

This special issue of Islamic Law and Society takes a close look at contemporary manifestations of an Islamic divorce procedure known as khulʿ. Studying khulʿ is not an easy matter, in large part because it is not exactly clear what khulʿ is. Is khulʿ consensual or non-consensual, judicial or extrajudicial, fault or no-fault based? Does khulʿ result in ṭalāq (unilateral repudiation by a husband), or is it an entirely different form of divorce? Is khulʿ initiated by wives or by husbands? As we will explain below, the answer to all of these questions is “yes,” as khulʿ is all of these things.
Politics, Economy and Islam in ‘Dutch Ponnāni’, Malabar Coast
Authors: Kooria Mahmood
Published: February 2019

Ponnāni was a port in southwestern India that resisted the Portuguese incursions in the sixteenth century through the active involvement of religious, mercantile and military elites. In the late seventeenth and eighteenth centuries Ponnāni was the only place where the Dutch East India Company had commercial access into the kingdom of the Zamorins of Calicut. When the Dutch gained prominence in the coastal belt, this port town became the main centre for their commercial, diplomatic, and political transactions. But as a religious centre it began to recede into oblivion in the larger Indian Ocean and Islamic scholarly networks. The present article examines this dual process and suggests important reasons for the transformations. It argues that the port town became crucial for diplomatic and economic interests of the Dutch East India Company and the Zamorins, whereas its Muslim population became more parochial as they engaged with themselves than with the larger socio-political and scholarly networks.
Forcing the Wealthy to Pay Their Fair Share? The Politics of Rural Taxes in 17th-Century Ottoman Damascus
Authors: Taylor Malissa
Published: February 2019

Focusing on the province of Damascus, this study shows that individuals of the ʿaskarī class were obligated to pay village taxes in proportion to the amount of property they owned, and that it was the village cultivators who had the primary authority for individuating and collecting these taxes. Providing a detailed picture of the relations between the ʿaskarī class and peasant communities before the rise of the a’yān in the eighteenth century, the study explores how peasants sought to enforce their decisions on these powerful individuals and to what extent they were successful in doing so.
A Dialogic Soliloquy?
Authors: Martin Gunther
Published: February 2019

In Euripides’ Hecuba, both the scholia and modern interpreters detect a failure of communication in the farewell scene between the protagonist and Polyxena—though the scholiast names Polyxena as the source of the non-dialogue, whereas the modern commentators claim that neither character is engaging. This paper aims, firstly, by a slight redistribution of lines, to restore coherence to the dialogue. Secondly, it argues that it is Hecuba’s rather than Polyxena’s conversational behaviour that impedes the smooth progress of the dialogue. Polyxena is even the one trying to reintegrate her mother into the dialogue. Her linguistic behaviour thus matches her composed and ‘heroic’ overall conduct.
Longinus, On the Sublime 12.4-5: Demosthenes and Cicero
Authors: de Jonge Casper C. , Nijk Arjan A.
Published: February 2019

This article discusses the critical comparison (σύγκρισις) of the styles of Demosthenes and Cicero in Longinus, On the Sublime 12.4-5. Many readers have claimed that Longinus here presents Demosthenes and Cicero as two different models of the sublime. A detailed analysis of the passage, however, reveals that while the two are both credited with grandeur (µέγεθος), they are in fact not treated on a par with respect to sublimity (ὕψος). While the style of Demosthenes is described with keywords of Longinus’ conception of the sublime (ὕψος), Cicero’s style is consistently associated with the quality of diffusion (χύσις), which is closely associated with amplification (αὔξησις). Longinus’ discussion of Cicero may have pleased the Roman readers in his audience, as he is presented as a canonical author of ‘great’ literature. We argue, however, that in the end, Longinus reserves the status of sublimity for his heroes of classical Greece.
From Resolving Stasis to Ruling Sicily: A Reading of Herodotus 7.153-167 in an Epinician Context
Authors: Lewis Virginia M.
Published: February 2019

When the Greek embassy visits Sicily to convince Gelon to support their cause against the Persian threat, Herodotus begins the Sicilian logos with the story of a man named Telines, an ancestor of the Deinomenid tyrants, Gelon and Hieron. This paper first argues that by resolving the stasis in Gela and securing the civic priesthood of the chthonic goddesses for his descendants Telines prefigures Gelon’s rise to power as tyrant in Sicily. Next, it demonstrates that kingship and the priesthood of Demeter and Persephone are closely linked in Deinomenid ideology in epinician poetry, which provides a crucial backdrop for Herodotus’ portrayal of Gelon. Finally, the paper examines subtle references to the cult of Demeter and Persephone in Herodotus’ account and proposes that Herodotus’ descriptions of the Deinomenids offer a cautionary tale in support of practices that uphold the boundaries between inherited priesthoods and political power in fifth-century Athens.
The Text and Metre of Sapph. fr. 111 V.
Authors: Meister Felix J.
Published: February 2019

Sappho’s fr. 111 V. is an important specimen of Sapphic epithalamia and of Greek wedding songs in general. At its heart, however, are textual uncertainties that prevent a comprehensive engagement with this fragment. This article offers a thorough re- examination of its text and metre. It first revises available approaches and discusses fundamental problems underlying all of them. Then, it analyses the text of the fragment, which serves as a basis for a new interpretation of its metre and structure.
Instructions to Women: Admonitions Texts for a Female Readership in Early China
Authors: Milburn Olivia
Published: February 2019

The texts written for the instruction of women in ancient China are some of the earliest examples of didactic sources aimed at a female readership to be produced anywhere in the world. The oldest surviving texts in the transmitted tradition date to the Han dynasty (206 BCE-220 CE). However, in 2010, Peking University acquired a cache of manuscripts written on bamboo, one of which, the Jiaonü (Instructions to women), predates these Han dynasty admonitions texts by several centuries. This paper provides a full translation of this important text, a discussion of the historical and cultural context in which it was produced, and examines its relationship with the later similar works in the transmitted tradition. The Jiaonü throws new light on the way in which women were educated in appropriate gender roles in ancient China.
Aristotle contra Plato on the Voluntariness of Vice: The Arguments of Nicomachean Ethics 3.5
Authors: Kamtekar Rachana
Published: February 2019

Aristotle’s arguments in NE 3.5 target Plato’s position that vice is not blameworthy but to be pitied because involuntary, i.e. contrary to our wish for our good—not the ‘Socratic paradox’ that wrongdoing is involuntary. To this end, Aristotle develops a causal account of voluntary action based on Plato, Laws 9, but replaces Plato’s character-based classification of actions with his own distinction between performing actions of a certain type and having a character of that type. This distinction, central to Aristotle’s account of character-formation by habituating actions, allows Aristotle to show how character, whether vicious or virtuous, can be voluntary.
On the So-Called Common Books of the Eudemian and the Nicomachean Ethics
Authors: Frede Dorothea
Published: February 2019

In recent decades the view that the disputed central books of Aristotle’s ethics are an integral part of the Eudemian rather than of the Nicomachean Ethics has gained ground for both historical and systematic reasons. This article contests that view, arguing not only that the Nicomachean Ethics represented Aristotle’s central text throughout antiquity, but that the discussion in the common books of such crucial concepts as justice, practical and theoretical reason, self-control and lack of self-control, are more compatible with the undisputed books of the Nicomachean Ethics than with those of the Eudemian Ethics.
Beyond the Story of Sustainable Meat
Authors: Pilgrim Karyn
Published: February 2019

This paper examines Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma (2006) and Kingsolver’s Animal, Vegetable, Miracle (2007), and argues that pastoral and narrative elements of these texts obscure an uncomfortable dissonance between their locavore claims to environmental sustainability and “sustainable meat” production. Much recent literature from within the frameworks of ecocriticism and ethics has been critical of the ethical/ sustainable meat movement for using simplistic and inaccurate models of sustainability, and for failing to reposition nonhuman animals outside the framework of capitalist commodification. Inadequately considered by these self-fulfilling stories are empirical data that indicate a global lack of resources to deploy “sustainable meat” production, as well as the implications of continuing the ideology of dominion over nonhumans. This paper calls for a new sustainable food story that encourages radical ways of thinking about farming and nonhumans, and that incorporates a landscape both urban and rural.
The Nature and Psychological Impact of Child/Adolescent Attachment to Dogs Compared with Other Companion Animals
Authors: Muldoon Janine C. , Williams Joanne M. , Lawrence Alistair , Currie Candace
Published: February 2019

Building on a study examining children’s knowledge and care of companion animals, this paper examines emotional attachment to dogs. It uses a large-scale dataset on children’s health and well-being (n = 6,700) to explore the connection between attachment to dogs, compared with other companion animals, and a range of well-being indicators. Findings reveal stronger attachments to dogs that are linked with well-being. Some associations are also evident for children reporting a strong bond with small mammals. A mixed pattern of results is evident for cats, and no associations were apparent for those with fish, reptiles, or amphibians. Relationships with dogs appear distinctive; children’s sense of emotional reciprocity and shared enjoyment of play act as possible mechanisms by which attachment translates into benefits. Emotional connections to all types of animals investigated in this study weaken with age. This may be due to the changing nature of attachment as children move through adolescence.
Emotion Work of Coping with the Death of a Companion Animal
Authors: McKinney Karyn
Published: February 2019

This study uses qualitative data to explore how guardians cope with the death of animal companions. Respondents struggle with the expectations of a speciesist emotion culture that mediates bereavement following the death of a non-human animal. This struggle reveals four key aspects of emotion work: 1) justifying grief to themselves and others; 2) accepting that the companion animal has died at the “right time”; 3) using rituals, religion, or spirituality to cope; and 4) adopting a new animal companion.
Numbers 20:14-21 as a Reply to Deuteronomy 23:4-9
Authors: Orian Matan
Published: February 2019

The law of Deuteronomy 23:2-9 (MT), stipulating who is to be excluded from the Assembly of God, envisaged a need to explain its absolute exclusion of two foreign nations (the Ammonites and the Moabites), alongside its more lenient approach towards members of two other foreign nations (the Edomites and the Egyptians), as expressed in their temporal exclusion from the Assembly. The eternal exclusion of the Ammonites and the Moabites is justified by their historical, unfriendly treatment of Israel on its march from Egypt to the Promised Land. The immediate question, however, is whether the other two nations mentioned in this law treated Israel any better, prior to that march and during its course. Indeed, answering this question in the negative appears to be the goal of another Pentateuchal text, Numbers 20:14-21. Underlying the criticism of Deuteronomy 23:4-9 in Numbers 20:14-21 is the Priestly-Deuteronomic fundamental controversy over the meaning of the covenant of circumcision.
Zur Funktion und Bedeutung der schöpfungstheologischen Aussagen in Ps 74
Authors: Seiler Stefan
Published: February 2019

The theological remarks on creation in Psalm 74 are of fundamental importance in dealing with the catastrophe of the destruction of the Jerusalem temple as an assembly place for the congregation. The destructive actions of the conquerors, who are represented as “agents of chaos”, are contrasted in Ps 74:13-14 with God’s victorious struggle against chaos in the “primeval period”. There are significant references to the ugaritic Baʿal cycle, which, however, can not be related to the creatio prima. In the context of the annotations about creation in Ps 74:16-17 God is described as a sovereign ruler of space and time, who has established and guaranteed the cosmic rhythms. He is also the owner of all earthly and heavenly spaces, whereby his presence as well as his perception can not be attributed to a specific locality. Considering the destruction of the Jerusalem sanctuary this is of far-reaching theological importance. References between creation and temple arise in Psalm 74 also by the fact that, according to the Ancient Near-Eastern concept, the sanctuary represents heaven and earth as a “microcosmos established by stones” (B. Janowski). Moreover, the royal power of God, who had resided on Zion, is proved by the constant and unchanging processes of creation.
The Priestly Asherah
Authors: Eichler Raanan
Published: February 2019

It is proposed that the priestly story of Aaron’s flowering staff (Num 17:16-26) is an etiology for the asherah in Solomon’s temple (2 Kgs 21:3, 7; 23:4, 6, 7). The staff as described is closely similar both in form and in function to the asherah. This proposition accounts for the absence of hostility towards asherim in the priestly literature, and it generates a solution to the age-old problem of why Moses and Aaron were denied entry into the promised land (Num 20:1-13, 24; 27:14; Deut 32:51).
Untrustworthy Believers
Authors: Seglenieks Christopher
Published: February 2019

The Gospel of John seeks to evoke belief, the kind of belief that leads to eternal life (20:31). Yet the language of belief is used to challenge the reader, as in 2:23-25 there are believers whose faith falls short of the belief that leads to life. This account confronts a reader unprepared for the appearance of inadequate faith. In confronting the reader, the scene serves a rhetorical function to provoke the reader to question why this faith falls short, and what genuine belief entails. This pattern is repeated in a series of episodes (6:60-71; 8:30-31; 15:1-6) where characters are described in terms of faith and commitment, and yet in each case the narrative conveys that their faith-response is inadequate. These episodes contribute to a rhetorical strategy whereby readers are continually challenged to understand the nature of genuine belief, in order that they might take on such genuine belief themselves.
Octave equivalence perception is not linked to vocal mimicry: budgerigars fail standardized operant tests for octave equivalence
Authors: Wagner Bernhard , Mann Dan C. , Afroozeh Shahrzad , Staubmann Gabriel , Hoeschele Marisa
Published: February 2019

Octave equivalence describes the perceived similarity of notes separated by an octave or a doubling in frequency. In humans, octave equivalence perception is used in vocal learning, enabling young children to approximate adult sounds where the pitch lies outside of their vocal range. This makes sense because the octave is also the first harmonic of any tonal sound including the human voice. We hypothesized that non-human animals may also need octave equivalence perception in vocal mimicry, the copying of other species or environmental sounds, to approximate sounds where the pitch lies outside their vocal range. Thus, in the current study, we tested budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus), a vocal mimicking species, for octave equivalence perception. Budgerigars were trained and tested in a go/no-go operant task previously verified in humans. Budgerigars did not show evidence of octave equivalence perception. This result suggests that vocal-mimicking does not necessarily facilitate or presuppose octave equivalence perception.
The Populist Race: Neoliberalism Falling Behind, New Right Forging Ahead, the Left Stumbling Along
Authors: Schmidt Ingo
Published: February 2019

This article starts from the observation that recurrent economic crises, deepening social divisions, and rising levels of insecurity undermine the persuasiveness of market populism, which had accompanied, and, indeed, contributed to, the rise of neoliberal capitalism. It goes on to explain left- and right-wing populisms that draw on different aspect of liberal ideas, and can therefore be understood as transformations of market populism to some degree. Politically, right-wing populism, the article argues, thrives because the left is divided along several lines that make it difficult to attract much of today’s discontent. The article looks at the divisions between globalists and sovereigntists, cosmopolitans and communitarians, and identity and class politics, respectively. It concludes with the idea that these divisions reflect different aspects of the unmaking of old working classes advanced by neoliberal restructuring, but also aspects of a possible making of new working classes. To further this, the left should put identity back into class politics, or highlight the presence of class divisions within identity politics.
Prefigurative Politics in Anti-Neoliberal Activism: a Critique
Authors: Soborski Rafal
Published: February 2019

Prefiguration is at the heart of today’s anti-neoliberal activism while also having a long history in progressive politics. Prefigurative movements aim to unite their means with their aims; in other words, the process is to be harmonized with the objective. The appeal of prefiguration is related to a widespread perception that corruption and hypocrisy are all-pervasive in mainstream political space. However, the current practice of prefigurative activism has some important flaws. The problems are particularly acutely evident in large-scale mobilizations bringing together diverse ideological positions and activists with typically highly individualistic personalities. This article provides a critique of prefigurative politics by highlighting the limitations it has imposed on the recently dominant forms of anti-neoliberal resistance.
Race, Culture, and Resistance at Standing Rock: an Analysis of Racialized Dispossession and Indigenous Resistance
Authors: López Edwin
Published: February 2019

This article examines role of culture in the struggle to stop the Dakota Access Pipeline. To better frame this analysis, I introduce the concept of “racialized political cultures of opposition.” I turn to the Lakota prophecy of the “Black Snake” to show how water protectors refashioned an old folkloric belief to 1) name the source of the problem, 2) connect their immediate concerns to the centuries long history of colonialism, and 3) mobilize resistance. Important to this analysis is how an assemblage of cultural elements enabled water protectors to connect their struggle to non-Lakota and non-Indigenous peoples.
How Moroccan Muslim Women Negotiate Their Identity in Today’s America
Authors: Elmoudden Sanae
Published: February 2019

The aim of this study is to conduct an intersectional analysis of Muslim women identity in the days of anti-globalization in the US. Drawing from longitudinal qualitative interviews, this study explores how women of Islamic Moroccan origins negotiate their identities. One of the goals of this study is to expand intersectionality framework to include more studies on religion. But more importantly is to show that the current “talk” about race in post-elections is opening a hopeful new discursive space that is more “tolerant” to Muslim women.
The Appropriation of Mythologies for Assimilation through Media
Authors: Tortolini David
Published: February 2019

With immigration one observes how immigrant communities actively contribute to the American cultural landscape by blending their traditions and cultural identities. This is commonly seen in music, television, and food cultures. Because of the urgency to maintain hegemony the same mediums are used to attack these groups. This is especially true when it comes to the aspect of mythologies in film and television. With a failure of American culture to acknowledge its mythological identity, dominant American culture whitewashes immigrant cultural identity to force assimilation.
The Return of the Ugly American: How Trumpism is Pushing Zambia towards China in the ‘New Cold War’
Authors: Kohler Kristopher
Published: February 2019

A growing number of scholars have written about the “New Scramble for Africa” as the attention of China and the US to the continent has grown. This is better understood as a new “Cold War” in which the world’s superpowers have been engaged in a war of influence and “soft power” (Nye, Jr. 1990, 2004) in Africa for two decades. Focusing on international and local development workers in Zambia, this article outlines the contours, and implications, of Trumpism in the “New Cold War.”
Overpopulation Discourse: Patriarchy, Racism, and the Specter of Ecofascism
Authors: Dyett Jordan , Thomas Cassidy
Published: February 2019

As our current climate crises increase in severity, discussions on solutions have found themselves at the forefront of mainstream media, and talked about by political actors and economic elites. While many of these solutions may seem ethical or even the answer to our ecological problem, we must take a critical look at the root causes in order to understand what actions are necessary. Without this, our discussions fall short, and tend to negatively affect marginalized communities. Family-planning programs aimed at the suppression of certain populations is one example used when discussing how to combat overpopulation in order to alleviate climate change. This superficial, Western, capitalist-driven idea and discussion, laced with sexist and racist undertones, is the discourse we will be analyzing. By employing a critical decolonial and ecofeminist lens, we will critique this discourse, and argue that it’s an all-too-common tool of deflection and scapegoating that white environmentalism employs in order to ignore historic power relations. Further, we will illuminate historical roots and trends around the family-planning movement, such as anti-immigrant sentiment, nationalism, and ecofascism.
Brain size evolution in anurans: a review
Authors: Mai Chun Lan , Liao Wen Bo
Published: February 2019

Selection pressure is an important force in shaping the evolution of vertebrate brain size among populations within species as well as between species. The evolution of brain size is tightly linked to natural and sexual selection, and life-history traits. In particular, increased environmental stress, intensity of sexual selection, and slower life history usually result in enlarged brains. However, although previous studies have addressed the causes of brain size evolution, no systematic reviews have been conducted to explain brain size in anurans. Here, we review whether brain size evolution supports the cognitive buffer hypothesis (CBH), the expensive tissue hypothesis (ETH), or the developmental cost hypothesis (DCH) by analyzing the intraspecific and/or interspecific patterns in brain size and brain regions (i.e., olfactory nerves, olfactory bulbs, telencephalon, optic tectum, and cerebellum) associated with ecological factors (habitat, diet and predator risk), sexual selection intensity, life-history traits (age at sexual maturity, mean age, longevity, clutch size and egg size, testis size and sperm length), and other energetic organs. Our findings suggest that brain size evolution in anurans supports the CBH, ETH or DCH. We also suggest future directions for studying the relationships between brain size evolution and crypsis (i.e., ordinary mucous glands in the skin), and food alteration in different developmental stages.
The Philippines’ 1963 Mediation in the Borneo Confrontation
Authors: Lee Su-Mi
Published: February 2019

This research examines the effect of mediators’ characteristics on mediation outcomes. In the current study of international mediation, one group of scholars argues that biased mediators with a considerable interest at stake in the dispute are usually effective. Others stress that mediator neutrality is a precondition for mediation to be successful. To test these claims, this study evaluates the Philippines’ qualifications as a mediator for the Borneo confrontation between Indonesia and Malaya in the 1960s. Although the Philippines’ strong ties to both disputants qualified it as an impartial mediator, its ongoing dispute with Malaya over Sabah transformed the Philippines into a biased/interested mediator in the Borneo confrontation. This research illustrates how effective the Philippines was in mediating the Borneo confrontation. It also sheds light on the possible futility of South Korea’s involvement as a third party in the People’s Republic of China-Japan territorial dispute.
Reputation, Pressure and Concession-making in Claim Disputes
Authors: Kirisci Mustafa , Greig J. Michael
Published: February 2019

This article examines the forces that encourage targets and challengers involved in claim disputes to offer concessions first. Our framework focuses upon reputation and pressure as key forces that can influence concession-making by claim dispute targets and challengers. We argue that past concession behavior both inside and outside of a claim dyad influences the willingness to make concessions, but does so in distinct ways. We also argue that pressure arising from internal conflict within the disputants and from major power involvement in managing the dispute, also influences the occurrence of concession-making. The results of our hazard analysis show that states involved in claim disputes do consider their opponent’s previous concession-making behavior. Our findings point clearly to the history of concessions within the dyad as a key influence on subsequent concession-making and that major power involvement increases the likelihood of concession-making by both challengers and targets.
Medical Negligence, Systemic Deficiency, or Denial of Emergency Healthcare? Reflections on the European Court of Human Rights Grand Chamber Judgment in Lopes de Sousa Fernandes v. Portugal of 19 December 2017 and Previous Case-law
Authors: Kapelańska-Pręgowska Julia
Published: February 2019

On 19 December 2017 the Grand Chamber of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) delivered a judgment in the Lopes de Sousa Fernandes v. Portugal case. The judgment may be described as one of the hard cases dealing with a healthcare context, as it aimed to clarify the scope of positive substantive state obligations under the European Convention on Human Rights and the conditions of international responsibility. This article explores the judgment against the wider background of the previous case-law of the Court. It focuses on the question of the classification of healthcare problems into three categories: medical negligence, systemic deficiency, and denial of emergency healthcare, and reflects upon their ratione materiae justiciability before the European Court of Human Rights.
Minority Protection in the European Union: To Protect or Not to Protect?
Authors: Aslı Bilgin A.
Published: February 2019

The foundation of European Integration is based on economic objectives from the beginning of the 1950s. The founding treaties did not include provisions regarding minority rights. Minority rights have been a foundational value since the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty, but there is no legislation related to minority rights or internal minority policy at the European Union (eu) level, because of the absence of competence given to eu institutions. This study analyses how issues relating to minority protection are handled vis-a-vis internal market objectives under eu law in the light of primary, secondary and eu case-law. While determining the legal framework on minority rights in the eu, not only the impact of the case-law of the cjeu on minority protection, but also the possibility of the cjeu’s power to establish an internal minority policy and the Member States’ approaches to an internal minority policy have been taken into consideration.
Challenges Facing Real-Estate Mortgages in the Arabian Gulf Region
Authors: al-Darbas Ahmad Mohammed , al-Wasmi Mohammed Ebrahem
Published: February 2019

This article intends to present the significance of mortgage financing in emerging markets and explain how mortgage financing affects positively the economies of emerging countries. It will also show the legal foundations of the real-estate mortgage law and the prerequisites for a successful mortgage financing system. This article intends to define the main challenges that some consider a hindrance to the development of the mortgage market in the Arabian Gulf countries. From this perspective, a brief comparative analysis of mortgage financing will focus on varying laws and regulations that apply to real-estate mortgages in the Gulf region. Implications for the development of the mortgage market in Arabian Gulf countries will be based on challenges in the mortgage market.
The Resistance of the Jewish Population of Eastern Belarus to the Nazi Genocide in 1941–1944
Authors: Vinnitsa Gennadiy
Published: February 2019

The resistance of the Jews of the Eastern Belarus to the Nazi genocide is a chapter of World War II history to which little attention has been paid. This article deals with the position and resistance of the Jewish population of the eastern regions of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (BSSR) to the Nazi genocide during the German occupation in 1941–1944. The material presented here is the first attempt towards a comprehensive coverage of the activities of Jews concentrated in places of isolation to resist Nazi actions against the Jewish population. Materials from Belarusian, Israeli, German and Russian archives have substantially supplemented data from the author’s personal archive.
“Das es dasselb puch sey:” The Book as Protagonist in the Ceremony of the Jewry-oath
Authors: Steimann Ilona
Published: February 2019

This article focuses on the requisite sacred objects utilized in the ceremony of the Jewry-oath in Christian Europe. The objects, upon which Jewry-oaths were taken, were crucial for the oaths’ validity, but their nature and materiality remained invisible in the relevant primary sources. On the basis of the only extant example of such an object, a Hebrew Pentateuch that survived together with a recently-discovered fifteenth-century Nuremberg Jewry-oath, the article addresses Jewish and Christian conceptions of the sacredness of material entities, and elucidates how these conceptions impinged upon the role of the objects in the oath-taking ceremony.
How Does Nationalist Selfishness Creep into Cosmopolitan Protection?
Authors: Kivimäki Timo
Published: February 2019

This article investigates how selfish justifications enter cosmopolitan rationales in the political plane of the discourse. It makes sense of the ways in which selfish ideas are allowed to meddle in and merge with morally-based cosmopolitan norms. The article commits to the ontological and epistemological premises of critical discourse analysis, and focuses on us presidential papers since 1989. It substantiates the claims it makes by using computer-assisted discursive process tracing method as a supporting tool for qualitative analysis of texts. The computerised analysis of discursive entanglements reveals that cosmopolitan protective operations are in fact mainly framed nationalistically. The roots of such selfish nationalistic arguments for international protective military operations can be traced in the realist and hegemonic fallacies that emphasise the naturality of national selfishness and the need for global hegemony. Furthermore, the article shows how the entanglement of discourse strands about ‘protection’ and ‘innocent victimhood’ as well as the entanglement between ‘crime prevention’ and ‘terrorism prevention’ legitimate selfish internationalist arguments in the us political debate.
Contextualizing and conceptualizing time, space and person in political discourse
Authors: Mammadov Azad , Mammadov Misgar
Published: February 2019

The goal of this paper is to make an attempt at exploring the concepts of time, space and person, focusing on the nexus between them, with a view to revealing their role in shaping our perception and understanding of the sociological, political, cultural and economic contexts. The paper is also dealing with the issue of how subjective individual factors can influence various discursive practices vis-à-vis time and space. In its theoretical framework, the paper outlines key theoretical issues and concepts by focusing on the role of text, context and discourse in understanding time, space and person. The second part of the paper considers the crucial role of linguistic devices in the localization of time, space and person in political discourse. Finally, the third part explains how linguistic devices (both conventional and figurative) function in building the dynamism of time, space and person in political discourse, focusing on proximization and direction.
Al-Bīrūnī and Avicenna on the Existence of Void and the Plurality of Worlds
Authors: Hullmeine Paul
Published: February 2019

The present paper is devoted to the famous letter exchange between al-Bīrūnī and Avicenna. Its main concern is to elaborate the philosophical content of two of the 18 questions, namely on the existence of void and the plurality of worlds. Since this has previously only been done in a superficial way, this paper aims to draw attention to al-Bīrūnī’s hitherto unknown philosophical doctrines. In the course of this investigation, it will be necessary to consider his arguments from the letters in view of the background of the ancient, Neoplatonic, and Arabic philosophical and theological discourse. Since this letter exchange is dated to the beginning of Avicenna’s career, his answers illuminate the development of his thought.
Matter and Nature
Authors: Lizzini Olga L.
Published: February 2019

The fundamental principle—ruling both Avicenna’s metaphysics and his ethics—that the action of superior causes cannot be explained in virtue of the existence of inferior effects—seems to deny any possibility of a consistent idea of providence in Avicenna’s system. Despite this fact, Avicenna recurs to the term (ʿināya; tadbīr) as well as to the idea of providence in various contexts in his oeuvre. More precisely, providence is equated to the flow of being that originates and explains the world; and this not only in respect to the fundamental, existential, positive and “good” properties that belong to it—the world itself is good, the flow is the principle of good and the First Principle is the cause of the world in so far as the order of good is concerned—but also as regards the marginal, negative, non-existential and “bad” properties that can affect its individuals and that are necessarily consequents of the good itself: evil is something the First Principle “wants”, although in an accidental way, and it is therefore implicit in and contained by divine causality. In this paper I shall outline the fundamental structure that explains the existence of individuals in the sublunary world. I do not claim to be exhaustive (some questions require further investigation); my aim is to provide an overview of the topic, with a main question in mind: on what principles does Avicenna base his idea of providence?
A Polemical Tale and its Function in the Jewish Communities of the Mediterranean and the Near East
Authors: Goldstein Miriam
Published: February 2019

The parodical narrative Toledot Yeshu (TY) has been the object of burgeoning interest in the past decade. It has recently become evident that this work was quite popular in Judeo-Arabic, and circulated continuously in Arabic-speaking Jewish communities from at least the eleventh century until nearly the present day. The following is a first foray into the Judeo-Arabic textual tradition of this narrative. From the sixteenth century and beyond, TY circulated in Arabic-speaking communities in collections of folk narrative. Close examination of the textual tradition of TY in Judeo-Arabic as preserved in four parallel manuscript fragments from the twelfth—fifteenth centuries provides further, more subtle evidence linking TY to this genre, and suggests that TY served primarily as literary entertainment in the Near East. I conclude with consideration of the codicological context of TY manuscripts preserved in Europe, and propose that this Near Eastern function contrasts to TY’s primarily polemical function in Europe.
Social Networks of Austrian Refugee-Migrants from the Anschluss in Australia – An Analysis of Meaning Structures
Authors: Strobl Philipp
Published: February 2019

Social networks are crucial factors for refugees and consequently have become an important area of research. They are complex social phenomena that should not be regarded simply as the mere sum of relationships but should rather be seen as the structure of interrelating ties. By combining sociological approaches with methods of biographical research, this study explores the meaning structure of networks built by three Austrian refugees who fled to Australia in 1938/1939. It describes empirically how their expectations influenced transactions, how networks emerged out of dyadic relationships, the role the individual refugees played in that process, and how interwar networks influenced the refugees in setting up networks in Australia. The article also questions how refugees used their networks to cope with their escape and their integration into a new homeland, and how their forced migration influenced identities and relationships in networks.
The International Law Association Helsinki Rules
Authors: Bogdanović Slavko
Published: February 2019

Although the International Law Association (ILA) was established in 1873, it only turned its attention to the internationally shared water resources in 1954, when its study of the applicable principles and rules of international law thereon began. The first ILA committee assigned to this task was the Rivers Committee, which, after a decade of intensive study and through several resolutions and statements, arrived unanimously at a set of articles reflecting customary international law, known as The Helsinki Rules on the Uses of the Waters of International Rivers.

The Helsinki Rules approved at the ILA Helsinki Conference in 1966 were soon widely accepted across the globe as a non-binding authoritative source of international water law. This monograph traces the work of ILA leading to the approval of the Helsinki Rules, analyses the Rules, and identifies their influence on, and contribution to the evolution of international water law.
Jean des Murs’s Canones Tabularum Alfonsii of 1339
Authors: Nothaft C. Philipp E.
Published: February 2019

Among the works by Jean des Murs that have yet to be printed are his Canones tabularum Alfonsii, which he wrote in 1339 during his last attested stay at the Collège de Sorbonne. One element of particular interest in this concisely worded text is Jean’s discussion of the length of the solar year, which was the first to take into consideration the consequences of the Alfonsine precession model for the length of the tropical year. Another is his approach to finding the time of true syzygy, which can be compared with some of his earlier writings on the same topic. Taken together, these writings reveal something about Jean’s development as an astronomer over time, as he adjusted his preferred method of syzygy computation in reaction to empirical data. The article concludes with a look at the chapters devoted to the calculation of eclipse times and magnitudes, which turn out to be strongly influenced by John of Genoa’s Canones eclipsium, written in 1332.
Jean des Murs, Astrologer
Authors: Boudet Jean-Patrice
Published: February 2019

Jean des Murs wrote two astrological predictions: a prognostication for the conjunction of the three superior planets—Saturn, Jupiter, and Mars—in 1345 and a letter to Pope Clement vi concerning the conjunctions of Saturn and Jupiter in 1365 and of Saturn and Mars in 1357. The prognostication was probably written when Jean des Murs was in Avignon, working with Firmin de Beauval on the calendar reform sponsored by Clement vi. The letter on the conjunctions of 1365 and 1357 was necessarily addressed to Clement vi before his death in 1352. In this article we try to ascertain the Alfonsine astronomical substratum of these astrological judgments in order to understand their reasoning, context, and motivations, but also to gauge their significance and impact from the mid-fourteenth century to the following.