bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phytoremediation Enhancement of Natural Attenuation Processes
Authors: Vance David B. , Jacobs James A.
Published: December 2019

Phytoremediation is the use of living green plants for
in situ
remediation of contaminants using what is in essence enhanced natural attenuation for soil and groundwater cleanup. There are a variety of phytoremediation methods, some having multiple names: phytostabilization, rhizodegradation (phytostimulation, rhizosphere bioremediation, or plant‐assisted bioremediation), rhizofiltration (contaminant uptake), phytodegradation (phytotransformation), phytovolatilization, and phytoaccumulation (phytoextraction or hyperaccumulation). Various types of plants can be used in phytoremediation, including poplar trees, alfalfa, black locust, Indian mustard, fescue grass, crested wheatgrass, and Canada wild rye. This article reviews phytoremediation methods as applied to organic contaminants and heavy metals.
MassiveMIMOFundamentals
Authors: Ngo Hien Quoc
Published: December 2019

Massive multiple‐input and multiple‐output (MIMO) is a scalable version of multiuser MIMO where the base stations are equipped with many antennas. It provides very high array gain and multiplexing gain and, hence, offers huge spectral and energy efficiency. In addition, by exploiting favorable propagation and channel hardening properties, simple linear processing can obtain nearly optimal performance that makes massive MIMO easy to implement in practice. Therefore, massive MIMO has gained significant research attention over the past 10 years and became one of the key technologies for fifth‐generation (5G) networks and beyond. Very recently, a massive MIMO system with 64‐antenna base station has been commercially deployed for 5G. In this article, we present a comprehensive overview of state‐of‐the‐art research on massive MIMO. Fundamental aspects of this system will be discussed in detail. The discussion will serve as a good roadmap for start‐up and consequently motivate researchers from both industry and academia to work in this area. First, we provide the basic transmission protocol of massive MIMO system under time‐division duplex operation. Then, the derivations of spectral efficiency using the well‐known “use‐and‐then‐forget bounding” technique in massive MIMO are reviewed. Duplexing operations, favorable propagation, channel hardening, and pilot contamination are also detailed. Finally, we conclude with a range of important topics and future directions.
Core and Transport Network Slicing
Authors: Querio Roberto , Di Giglio Andrea , Madella Mario , Moggio Fabrizio , Boldi Mauro
Published: December 2019

A specific feature of the 5G systems is the ability to serve very different industry needs by satisfying their specific requirements in a single network. A wide range of services can be simultaneously offered by the same 5G network, thanks to the deployment logical end‐to‐end network slices on a common infrastructure. All the domains of a telecommunication network, i.e. access, transport and core network, are touched upon by the architectural solution to support end‐to‐end network slicing (of which core and transport are covered in this article). Each of the mentioned domains evolved in the last few years to define and provide the key technologies enablers, described in the article, to reach the level of dynamicity and flexibility promised by 5G network slicing. Management and orchestration layer also needed to evolve in order to support the features necessary to integrate the core and transport network domains to provide a real end‐to‐end architecture.
Service Chaining Using Software‐Defined Networks
Authors: Petroulakis Nikolaos , Fysarakis Konstantinos , Miaoudakis Andreas , Ramantas Konstantinos , Chatziadam Panos , Verikoukis Christos
Published: December 2019

The innovative capabilities of 5G technologies, such as software‐defined networking (SDN) and network function virtualization (NFV), open up a variety of possibilities for improved and novel service provisioning. Nevertheless, technologies such as SDN expand the attack surface of the communication infrastructure, thus necessitating the introduction of additional security mechanisms. These major changes affect various domains, such as industrial and healthcare environments, where smart deployments gradually become a reality. Motivated by the above, this article highlights the benefit of leveraging the flexibility of SDN/NFV‐enabled networks to deploy enhanced, reactive networking functions to provide security and performance guarantees, via the use of service function chaining (SFC). To this extent, an implementation of a reactive security framework is presented. The application of such a framework in two use cases is also presented: The first use case is in a wind park, which is a good example of an industrial application relying on a network with strict performance, security, and reliability requirements. The second use case is related to ambient‐assisted living, a domain promising significant improvements in the health and well‐being of elderly populations, but which also comes with intrinsic security, safety, and privacy concerns.
A Survey of Existing Testbeds for Programmable Networks
Authors: Barmpounakis Sokratis , Alonistioti Nancy
Published: December 2019

Toward the delivery of the network as a service, network softwarization and virtualization are considered as compelling enablers. Numerous testbeds worldwide are gradually evolving into programmable experimentation platforms, which offer the researchers a plethora of tools and enablers for flexible and adaptive experimentation, high degree of control, automated setup, and programmable elements in different portions and of the network. This work initially introduces the architectural principles, key design characteristics, and capabilities of such testbeds; afterward, it provides a comprehensive survey of the existing testbed facilities for programmable networks, categorized based on their primary scope. Software‐defined networking (SDN) and network function virtualization (NFV), SDR, network slicing, cloud and/or multiple access computing (MEC), and IoT technologies are correlated with the analyzed testbeds offering a complete taxonomy of the existing solutions. A discussion on open challenges concludes this work.
5G Security – Complex Challenges
Authors: Holtmanns Silke , Oliver Ian , Miche Yoan , Kalliola Aapo , Limonta Gabriela , Peinado German
Published: December 2019

5G is a new technology. It offers unknown flexibility and serves a wide range of use cases. That flexibility was created by merging Internet and telecommunication technology. For this new merged technology security is a complex topic. We will break the 5G security space into building blocks. Some of those building blocks have well‐known solutions, others require deep new research. We will then describe new research areas and approaches. Trust creation for supply chain and core network malware analysis using machine learning will be the two examples that we will outline in detail.
Introduction to IoT Security
Authors: Jurcut Anca D. , Ranaweera Pasika , Xu Lina
Published: December 2019

In a world with “things” and devices interconnected at every level, from wearables to home and building automation, to smart cities and infrastructure, to smart industries, and to smart‐everything, the Internet of Things (IoT) security plays a central role with no margin for error or shortage on supply. Securing, including authentication of these devices, will become everyone's priority, from manufacturers to silicon vendors (or IP developers), to software and application developers, and to the final consumer, the beneficiaries of the security “recipe” that will accompany these IoT products. Together, all consumers of these products need to adapt to the market demands, innovate, and improve processes, grasp new skills and learn new methods, raise awareness and embrace new training and curricula programs.

In this article, we provide a thorough survey and classification of the existing vulnerabilities, exploitable attacks, possible countermeasures as well as access control mechanisms including authentication and authorization. These challenges are addressed in detail considering both the technologies and the architecture used. Furthermore, this work also focuses also on IoT intrinsic vulnerabilities as well as the security challenges at every layer. In addition, solutions for remediation of the compromised security, as well as methods for risk mitigation, with prevention and suggestions for improvement are discussed.
“Legitimate but Not Legal”: Learning Power in the Landless Workers Movement (MST), Brazil
Authors: Thapliyal Nisha
Published: December 2019

This chapter engenders activist knowledge production through narratives from Mulher Sem Terra—women in the Landless Workers Movement. It is empirically grounded in a qualitative research study about women educators in the Landless Workers Movement (MST). Participation in the movement enabled these women to continue their own schooling and go on to become MST educators and leaders. Drawing on their stories, I will discuss situated perspectives on learning in the struggle in relation to becoming an educator, engaging the state, and construction of counterhegemonic knowledge. These kinds of learning enabled Landless women to see themselves and others as human beings with rights and dignity. In doing so, these pedagogies counter dominant capitalist discourses of disposability with situated discourses of caring, cooperation, and interdependence.
Critical Literacy, Community, and Change Among Women of Color Adult Literacy Learners
Authors: Jones Jaye
Published: December 2019

This chapter reflects on the educational, socioemotional, and relational impact of a critical literacy and trauma‐informed reading discussion group for women of color, highlighting the collective sense of knowledge, awareness, and resistance nurtured through the group process.
Learning Renewal: The Intellectual Life of Organized Labor
Authors: Manborde Ian
Published: December 2019

The article focuses upon analysis of educational experiences of an international group of labor movement activists over a ten‐year period. A key rationale for the research activity is to help rescue and revitalize the tradition of radical popular education and activist knowledge grounded in organized worker movements.
What Would Gramsci Tweet?
Authors: Jeremic Rusa
Published: December 2019

The evolution of Web 2.0 user‐generated content has opened the door to new forms of collective action and social movement building. In asking if the benefits outweigh the risks, this paper brings Gramsci's theorization of activism into the twenty‐first century, where the newspaper has been replaced by social medial tools and the Organic Intellectual has gone virtual. Through the examples of #BlackLivesMatter, #IdleNoMore, and #MarchForOurLives, this paper argues that the digital age, despite limitations, has created unique opportunities for unprecedented social movement building. Activists are identified as key educators and passionate persuaders in these nonformal sites of learning, demonstrating how, through #hashtag activism, these virtual organic intellectuals are emerging to disrupt and challenge power in the digital age.
Whose Social Justice? Social Movements for Whom?
Authors: Ramdeholl Dianne
Published: December 2019

In this chapter, the editor reflects on the contributions of each chapter envisioning what social justice adult education, grounded in critical frameworks for democratic social change and social movement learning, could look like.
Beyond Biomass: Valuing Genetic Diversity in Natural Resource Management
Authors: Springborn Michael R. , Faig Amanda , Dedrick Allison , Baskett Marissa L.
Published: December 2019

Strategies for increasing production of goods from working and natural systems have raised concerns that the diversity of species on which these services depend may be eroding. This loss of natural capital threatens to homogenize global food supplies and compromise the stability of human welfare. We assess the trade off between artificial augmentation of biomass and degradation of biodiversity underlying a populations' ability to adapt to shocks. Our application involves the augmentation of wild stocks of salmon. Practices in this system have generated warnings that genetic erosion may lead to a loss of the “portfolio effect” and the value of this loss is not accounted for in decision making. We construct an integrated bioeconomic model of salmon biomass and genetic diversity. Our results show how practices that homogenize natural systems can still generate positive returns. However, the substitution of more physical capital and labor for natural capital must be maintained for gains to persist, weakens the capacity for adaptation should this investment cease, and can cause substantial loss of population wildness. We apply an emerging optimization method—approximate dynamic programming—to solve the model without simplifying restrictions imposed previously.
Perceptions of the healthiest body in a market‐integrating indigenous population in Argentina: Fat idealization and gendered generational differences
Authors: Daiy Katherine , Arslanian Kendall , Lagranja Elena S. , Valeggia Claudia R.
Published: December 2019

Objectives

Market integration seems to induce gender‐specific generational change in health‐related perceptions of body size. We predicted that among the Qom of Argentina, younger women would perceive comparatively thinner bodies as healthiest, demonstrating thin‐idealizing body norms, and older women would retain culturally rooted perceptions of heavier bodies as healthiest. As traditional and globalized body size ideals are different for men, we predicted that men would perceive normal bodies as healthiest and would not exhibit generational differences.

Methods

We asked Qom adults (n= 273) residing in Namqom, Argentina to choose the healthiest body size from the Stunkard Figure Rating Scale (FRS). We performed multiple linear regression with age, gender, and body mass index (BMI) predicting healthy‐body perception score.

Results

A majority of women chose overweight bodies as healthiest. As predicted, older women preferred heavier bodies compared to their younger peers; this generational effect was stronger among women clinically defined as underweight (BMI ≤19.99 kg/m2), and “normal” weight (20.00 kg/m2 ≤ BMI ≤24.99 kg/m2), as compared to women clinically defined as overweight (25.00 kg/m2 ≤ BMI ≤29.99 kg/m2) or obese (≥30.00 kg/m2). Men exhibited no generational effects and largely perceived bodies corresponding to a “normal” BMI as healthiest.

Conclusions

Among Qom women, there is evidence for the adoption of the idealization of thinness as healthy alongside traditional perceptions that fat bodies are healthy.
Disentangling basal and accrued height‐for‐age for cross‐population comparisons
Authors: Hackman Joseph V. , Hruschka Daniel J.
Published: December 2019

Objectives

Current standards for comparing stunting across human populations assume a universal model of child growth. Such comparisons ignore population differences that are independent of deprivation and health outcomes. This article partitions variation in height‐for‐age that is specifically associated with deprivation and health outcomes to provide a basis for cross‐population comparisons.

Materials and Methods

Using a multilevel model with a sigmoid relationship of resources and growth, we partition variation in height‐for‐agez‐scores (HAZ) from 1.5 million children across 70 countries into two components: (1) “accrued HAZ” shaped by environmental inputs (e.g., undernutrition, infectious disease, inadequate sanitation, poverty) and (2) a country‐specific “basal HAZ” independent of such inputs. We validate these components against population‐level infant mortality rates and assess how these basal differences may affect cross‐population comparisons of stunting.

Results

Basal HAZ differs reliably across countries (range of approximately 1.5 SD) and is independent of measures of infant mortality. By contrast, accrued HAZ captures stunting as impaired growth due to deprivation and is more closely associated with infant mortality than observed HAZ. Assessing stunting prevalence by accrued HAZ suggest that populations in West Africa and Haiti suffer much greater levels of stunting than indicated by observed HAZ.

Discussion

Current universal standards may dramatically underestimate stunting in populations with taller basal HAZ. Relying on observed HAZ rather than accrued HAZ may also lead to inappropriate cross‐population comparisons, such as concluding that Haitian children enjoy better conditions for growth than do Indian or Guatemalan children.
Fusion of Different Crosslinked Polymers Based on Dynamic Disulfide Exchange
Authors: Tsuruoka Ayuko , Takahashi Akira , Aoki Daisuke , Otsuka Hideyuki
Published: December 2019

Crosslinked polymers (CLPs) exhibit exceptional mechanical properties as well as good chemical and solvent resistance. However, their reprocessing, recycling, and modification remain difficult. One promising approach to overcome this limitation is to introduce dynamic covalent bonds that enable chain‐exchange reactions and network‐structure rearrangements in identical polymer networks (A–A fusion), resulting in self‐healing and reprocessing properties. Reported here is the fusion of two distinct polymer networks (A–B fusion) by the dynamic behavior of bis(2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidin‐1‐yl)disulfide (BiTEMPS) at the interface between different CLPs. The appearance, swelling behavior, and mechanical properties of the fused samples indicate exchange reactions of the BiTEMPS units and the formation of topological bonds at the interface, commensurate with the generation of a CLP that exhibits tunable properties.
NMR “Crystallography” for Uniformly (13C, 15N)‐Labeled Oriented Membrane Proteins
Authors: Awosanya Emmanuel O. , Lapin Joel , Nevzorov Alexander A.
Published: December 2019

In oriented‐sample (OS) solid‐state NMR of membrane proteins, the angular‐dependent dipolar couplings and chemical shifts provide a direct input for structure calculations. However, so far only 1H–15N dipolar couplings and 15N chemical shifts have been routinely assessed in oriented 15N‐labeled samples. The main obstacle for extending this technique to membrane proteins of arbitrary topology has remained in the lack of additional experimental restraints. We have developed a new experimental triple‐resonance NMR technique, which was applied to uniformly doubly (15N, 13C)‐labeled Pf1 coat protein in magnetically aligned DMPC/DHPC bicelles. The previously inaccessible 1Hα–13Cα dipolar couplings have been measured, which make it possible to determine the torsion angles between the peptide planes without assuming α‐helical structure a priori. The fitting of three angular restraints per peptide plane and filtering by Rosetta scoring functions has yielded a consensus α‐helical transmembrane structure for Pf1 protein.
Surgical smoke: articulating the problem
Authors: Pennock Jennifer
Published: December 2019

This six‐part series focuses on surgical smoke evacuation legislation and policy. It provides answers to important frequently asked questions (FAQs) about surgical smoke from policymakers and people not working in perioperative services and suggests resources and tools to help you become a strong advocate for surgical smoke evacuation. The FAQs and legislative checklists that will be shared will cover the basics of surgical smoke and its harmful effects, strategies and solutions for eradicating surgical smoke in the OR, the role of regulatory agencies, and how to lay the groundwork for successful state legislation on your own and in tandem with AORN's Government Affairs Department.
Modeling first bid in retail secondary market online auctions: A Bayesian approach
Authors: Zafari Babak , Soyer Refik
Published: December 2019

We propose a Bayesian framework to model bid placement time in retail secondary market online business‐to‐business auctions. In doing so, we propose a Bayesian beta regression model to predict the first bidder and time to first bid, and a dynamic probit model to analyze participation. In our development, we consider both auction‐specific and bidder‐specific explanatory variables. While we primarily focus on the predictive performance of the models, we also discuss how auction features and bidders' heterogeneity could affect the bid timings, as well as auction participation. We illustrate the implementation of our models by applying to actual auction data and discuss additional insights provided by the Bayesian approach, which can benefit auctioneers.
Modeling anisotropic magnetized strange quark stars
Authors: Pérez Samantha López , Paret Daryel Manreza , Angulo Gretel Quintero , Martínez Aurora Pérez , Terrero Diana Alvear
Published: December 2019

Compact objects have an intrinsic anisotropy due to the presence of strong magnetic fields that cause considerable modifications on the equations of state (EoS). In this work, we study the impact of this anisotropy in the size and shape of magnetized strange quark stars using an axially symmetric metric in spherical coordinates, the gamma‐metric. The results are compared with those obtained with the standard  Tolman‐Oppenheimer‐Volkoff (TOV) equations for the parallel and perpendicular pressures independently. Differences in the results are discussed.
Programmable assembly of 2D crystalline protein arrays into covalently stacked 3D bionanomaterials
Authors: Manea Francesca , Garda Virginia G. , Rad Behzad , Ajo‐Franklin Caroline M.
Published: December 2019

Rational embellishment of self‐assembling two‐dimensional (2D) proteins make it possible to build 3D nanomaterials with novel catalytic, optoelectronic and mechanical properties. However, introducing multiple sites of embellishment into 2D protein arrays without affecting the self‐assembly is challenging, limiting the ability to program in additional functionality and new 3D configurations. Here we introduce two orthogonal covalent linkages at multiple sites in a 2D crystalline‐forming protein without affecting its self‐assembly. We first engineered the surface‐layer protein SbsB from Geobacillus stearothermophilus pV72/p2 to display isopeptide bond‐forming protein conjugation pairs, SpyTag or SnoopTag, at four positions spaced 5.7‐10.5 nm apart laterally and 3 nm axially. The C‐terminal and two newly‐identified locations within SbsB monomer accommodated the short SpyTag or SnoopTag peptide tags without affecting the 2D lattice structure. Introducing tags at distinct locations enabled orthogonal and covalent binding of SpyCatcher‐ or SnoopCatcher‐protein fusions to micron‐sized 2D nanosheets. By introducing different types of bifunctional cross‐linkers, the dual‐functionalized nanosheets were programmed to self‐assemble into different 3D stacks, all of which retain their nanoscale order. Thus, our work creates a modular protein platform that is easy to program to create dual‐functionalized 2D and lamellar 3D nanomaterials with new catalytic, optoelectronic, and mechanical properties.
IL6 inhibition of inflammatory S100A8/9 proteins is NF‐κB mediated in essential thrombocythemia
Authors: Diklić Miloš , Mitrović‐Ajtić Olivera , Subotički Tijana , Djikić Dragoslava , Kovačić Marijana , Bjelica Sunčica , Beleslin‐Čokić Bojana , Tošić Milica , Leković Danijela , Gotić Mirjana , Santibanez Juan F. , Čokić Vladan P.
Published: December 2019

This study has been performed to determine the mechanism of activation of the myeloid related S100A proteins by inflammatory cytokines in myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN). Besides microarray analysis of MPN‐derived CD34+ cells, we analysed the pro‐inflammatory IL6 and anti‐inflammatory IL10 dependence of NF‐κB, PI3K‐AKT, and JAK‐STAT signalling during induction of S100A proteins in mononuclear cells of MPN, by immunoblotting and flow cytometry. We observed the reduced gene expression linked to NF‐κB and inflammation signalling in MPN‐derived CD34+ cells. Both IL6 and IL10 reduced S100A8 and 100A9 protein levels mediated via NF‐κB and PI3K signalling, respectively, in mononuclear cells of essential thrombocythemia (ET). We also determined the increased percentage of S100A8 and S100A9 positive granulocytes in ET and primary myelofibrosis, upgraded by the JAK2V617F mutant allele burden. S100A8/9 heterodimer induced JAK1/2‐dependent mitotic arrest of the ET‐derived granulocytes.

Significance of the study

We demonstrated that inflammation reduced the myeloid related S100A8/9 proteins by negative feedback mechanism in ET. S100A8/9 can be a diagnostic marker of inflammation in MPN, supported by the concomitant NF‐κB and JAK1/2 signalling inhibition in regulation of myeloproliferation and therapy of MPN.
Atomically Dispersed Zn‐Nx Sites in N‐Doped Carbon for Reductive N‐formylation of Nitroarenes with Formic Acid
Authors: Li Jinlei , Li Cunyao , Feng Siquan , Zhao Ziang , Zhu Hejun , Ding Yunjie
Published: December 2019

Replacement of noble metal catalysts with low‐cost, non‐noble heterogeneous catalysts is highly desirable. Herein, we prepared a reactive, inexpensive and stable isolated single‐atom Zn/N‐doped porous carbon (ZnNC) catalyst derived from a versatile zeolitic imidazolate framework precursor. The optimized ZnNC‐1000 with Zn‐Nx species possesses high zinc loading (5.2 wt%) and nitrogen content (6.73 wt%), exhibits efficient catalytic performance in the one‐pot N‐formylation of nitroarene to the corresponding formamides by using formic acid as the hydrogen donor and formylation agent. H2‐D2 exchange reaction and HCOOH‐chemisorption experiments demonstrated that atomically dispersed Zn‐Nx species are essential for the activation of hydrogen and HCOOH molecules, which finally contributed to the highest catalytic activity of ZnNC‐1000 for the reductive N‐formylation reaction.
Microstructural effects on hardness and optical transparency of birefringent aluminosilicate nanoceramics
Authors: Gaida Nico A. , Nishiyama Norimasa , Beermann Oliver , Schürmann Ulrich , Masuno Atsunobu , Giehl Christopher , Niwa Ken , Hasegawa Masashi , Bhat Shrikant , Farla Robert , Kienle Lorenz
Published: December 2019

Transparent nanoceramics, synthesized at extreme conditions of high pressure and temperature, are new classes of materials highly attractive for photonic applications, such as optical windows, which require additional increased hardness and toughness. In this study, mechanical properties of transparent polycrystalline nanoceramics consisting of triclinic Al2SiO5 kyanite (~91.4 vol%) and trigonal Al2O3 corundum (~8.6 vol%) fabricated at high pressure (10 GPa) and temperature (1200‐1400°C) were investigated. It is already known that the optical transparency of kyanite‐based nanoceramics increases with decreasing average grain size. The present study shows that the hardness of these ceramics increases with decreasing grain sizes down to ~70 nm according to the Hall‐Petch strengthening. This grain size seems to mark a transition range where an inverse Hall‐Petch effect is indicated due to signs of a moderate hardness decrease at a smaller grain size of ~35 nm. The observed hardness‐grain size relation can fairly be described by an existing composite model, which considers the crystals to be harder than the noncrystalline grain boundaries. Within the range of average grain sizes examined, the kyanite habit changes from more equant to more columnar. This behavior is associated with the observed strong crack deflection by the columnar kyanite grains with aspect (length to diameter) ratios ranging from ~2 to 10 and may positively affect the fracture toughness.
A Facilely Synthesized Dual‐State Emission Platform for Picric Acid Detection and Latent Fingerprint Visualization
Authors: Xi Duo , Xu Yanzi , Xu Ruohan , Wang Zhi , Liu Daomeng , Shen Qifei , Yue Ling , Dang Dongfeng , Meng Lingjie
Published: December 2019

To achieve a highly efficient, dual‐state emission platform for picric acid (PA) detection and latent fingerprint (LFP) visualization, flexible alkyl chains have been facilely attached to the commercial organic dye 3,4,9,10‐perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride to provide the target perylenetetracarboxylate molecules PTCA‐C4, PTCA‐C6, and PTCA‐C12. Interestingly, all these molecules exhibited impressive fluorescence characteristics with high photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) of around 93.0 % in dilute solution. Also, emissive features were observed in the solid state because close molecular packing is prevented by the alkyl chains, especially for PTCA‐C6, which has a high PLQY value of 49.0 %. Benefiting from its impressive fluorescence performance in both solution and as aggregates, PTCA‐C6 was used as a dual‐state emission platform for PA detection and also LFP visualization. For example, double‐responsive fluorescence quenching in solution was observed in PA detection studies, resulting in high quenching constants (KSV) and also low limit‐of‐detection values. Furthermore, the fingerprint powder based on PTCA‐C6 also presented an impressive performance on various substrates in terms of fluorescence intensity and resolution, clearly providing the specific fine details of latent fingerprints. These results demonstrate that the facilely synthesized PTCA‐C6 with efficient dual‐state emission exhibits great potential in the real‐world applications of PA detection and LFP visualization.
808 nm‐Light‐Excited Near‐Infrared Luminescent Lanthanide Metal–Organic Frameworks for Highly Sensitive Physiological Temperature Sensing
Authors: Zhao Dian , Han Xue , Wang Shuo , Liu Jingwen , Lu Yantong , Li Chunxia
Published: December 2019

Ongoing demand for accurate self‐calibrated noninvasive thermometers for micro‐/nano‐scale applications, particular biomedical diagnosis, is driving the development of temperature sensors. Here a new type of lanthanide metal–organic framework having near‐infrared absorption and near‐infrared emission features is presented, and it is based on efficient Nd3+‐to‐Yb3+ energy transfer in 808 nm photoexcitation. The results show that the ratiometric parameter of Nd0.5Yb0.5TPTC (TPTC= 1,1′:4′,1′′‐terphenyl]‐3,3′′,5,5′′‐tetracarboxylic acid) can deliver good exponential‐type luminescence response to temperature in the physiological regime (293–328 K) with high relative sensitivity and accurate temperature resolution, as well as good biocompatibility and chemical stability. Such lanthanide‐based materials are especially useful in biomedical applications.
Handling data skew at reduce stage in Spark by ReducePartition
Authors: Guo Wenxia , Huang Chaojie , Tian Wenhong
Published: December 2019

As a typical representative of distributed computing framework, Spark has been continuously developed and popularized. It reduces the data transmission time through efficient memory‐based operations and solves the shortcomings of the traditional MapReduce computation model in iterative computation. In Spark, data skew is very prominent due to the uneven distribution of input data and the unbalanced allocation of default partitioning algorithm. When data skew occurs, the execution efficiency of the program will be reduced, especially in the reduce stage of Spark. Therefore, this paper proposes ReducePartition to solve data skew problem at reduce stage of Spark platform. First, the compute node samples the local data according to the sampling algorithm to predict the overall characteristics of data distribution. Then, to take full use of cluster resources, ReducePartition divides data into multiple partitions evenly. Next, taking into account the differences in computational capabilities among Executors, each task is assigned to Executor with the highest performance factor according to the greedy strategy. Finally, the results of the related algorithms and ReducePartition are compared by using WordCount benchmark and Sort benchmarks on heterogeneous Spark standalone cluster. The performance of the ReducePartition under different degree of data skew and different data size is analyzed. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively reduce the impact of data skew on the total makespan of Spark big data applications, and the average total makespan is reduced by 30% to 50% while resource utilization is increased by 20%‐30% on average.
Effects of serelaxin in patients admitted for acute heart failure: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Teerlink John R. , Davison Beth A. , Cotter Gad , Maggioni Aldo P. , Sato Naoki , Chioncel Ovidiu , Ertl Georg , Felker G. Michael , Filippatos Gerasimos , Greenberg Barry H. , Pang Peter S. , Ponikowski Piotr , Edwards Christopher , Senger Stefanie , Teichman Sam L. , Nielsen Olav Wendelboe , Voors Adriaan A. , Metra Marco
Published: December 2019

Aims

The effectiveness and safety of 48 h intravenous 30 μg/kg/day serelaxin infusion in acute heart failure (AHF) has been studied in six randomized, controlled clinical trials.

Methods and results

We conducted a fixed‐effect meta‐analysis including all studies of intravenous serelaxin initiated within the first 16 h of admission for AHF. Endpoints considered were the primary and secondary endpoints examined in the serelaxin phase III studies. In six randomized controlled trials, 6105 total patients were randomized to receive intravenous serelaxin 30 μg/kg/day and 5254 patients to control. Worsening heart failure to day 5 occurred in 6.0% and 8.1% of patients randomized to serelaxin and control, respectively (hazard ratio 0.77, 95% confidence interval 0.67–0.89; P = 0.0002). Serelaxin had no statistically significant effect on length of stay, or cardiovascular death, or heart or renal failure rehospitalization. Serelaxin administration resulted in statistically significant improvement in markers of renal function and reductions in both N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide and troponin. No significant adverse outcomes were noted with serelaxin. Through the last follow‐up, which occurred at an average of 4.5 months (1–6 months), serelaxin administration was associated with a reduction in all‐cause mortality, with an estimated hazard ratio of 0.87 (95% confidence interval 0.77–0.98; P = 0.0261).

Conclusions

Administration of intravenous serelaxin to patients admitted for AHF was associated with a highly significant reduction in the risk of 5‐day worsening heart failure and in changes in renal function markers, but not length of stay, or cardiovascular death, or heart or renal failure rehospitalization. Serelaxin administration was safe and associated with a significant reduction in all‐cause mortality.
1,2‐Disubstituted 3,3,4,4,5,5‐Hexafluorocyclopentenes as Bent Light‐Emitting π‐Conjugated Luminophores
Authors: Yamada Shigeyuki , Nishizawa Akito , Agou Tomohiro , Kubota Toshio , Konno Tsutomu
Published: December 2019

Herein, a series of 1,2‐disubstituted 3,3,4,4,5,5‐hexafluorocyclopentene derivatives is synthesized from the commercially available octafluorocyclopentene via addition‐elimination reactions, and their photophysical properties are investigated in detail. 1,2‐Bis[2‐(4‐alkoxyaryl)ethyn‐1‐yl]‐3,3,4,4,5,5‐hexafluorocyclopentene exhibits UV‐absorption at 345 nm in CH2Cl2 and deep blue photoluminescence (PL). The PL properties of these derivatives, including color and maximum wavelength (λPL), are strongly affected by the electron‐density distribution induced by the electronic characteristics of the alkoxy‐substituents at the 4‐position of the benzene ring, with more electron‐donating substituents resulting in a larger shift of λPL to longer wavelengths. Note that the present light‐emitting π‐conjugated luminophores also exhibit relatively strong PL in the crystalline state, where λPL shifts can be introduced by modulation of the terminal alkoxy‐chain length, resulting in different PL colors from light‐blue to orange.
Visible Light Assisted Selenylative Intramolecular Dearomative Carbo‐Spirocyclisation (IDCS) of Homologated‐Ynones
Authors: Sahoo Sushree Ranjan , Das Biswajit , Sarkar Debayan , Henkel F. , Reuter H.
Published: December 2019

A visible light assisted dearomative selenylative carbo‐spirocyclisation of aromatic homologated‐ynones has been reported. The ynones deliver selenylative spiro‐cyclohexadienones and spiro‐diepoxides at varied temperatures. The prescribed methodology is photo‐catalyst free and scalable. The combination of visible light, molecular oxygen and the products synthesized delivers a uniqueness to the designed methodology.
Salt‐effect enhanced hollow‐fiber liquid‐phase microextraction of glutathione in human saliva followed by miniaturized capillary electrophoresis with amperometric detection
Authors: Luo Dan , Fang Zhonghui , Zhao Xiaoshuang , Ma Yaolu , Ye Jiannong , Chu Qingcui
Published: December 2019

A hollow‐fiber liquid‐phase microextraction (HF‐LPME) method was established for purification and enrichment of glutathione (GSH) in human saliva followed by a miniaturized capillary electrophoresis with amperometric detection system (mini‐CE‐AD). Based on regulating isoelectric point and increasing salt effect to modify donor phase, HF‐LPME could provide high enrichment efficiency for GSH up to 471 times, and the extract was directly injected for mini‐CE‐AD analysis. The salt‐effect enhanced HF‐LPME/mini‐CE‐AD method has been successfully applied to saliva analysis, and acceptable LOD (0.46 ng/mL, S/N = 3) and recoveries (92.7–101.3%) could be obtained in saliva matrix. The sample pretreatment of this developed method was simple and required no derivatization, providing a potential alternative for non‐invasive fluid analysis using portable instrument.
Dynamic response and impact energy loss in controlled rocking members
Authors: Kalliontzis Dimitrios , Sritharan Sri
Published: December 2019

Unbonded posttensioning anchors a rocking structural member to its foundation and produces its controlled rocking response when the member undergoes seismic action. Unlike rocking of free‐standing bodies, little attention has been given to the dynamic behavior of these controlled rocking members. This paper utilizes experiments of concrete structural members with unbonded posttensioning, varying member geometries, and levels of initial posttensioning force to (a) characterize the associated impact energy loss and (b) improve modeling of controlled rocking motions. Experimental results show that impact energy loss in controlled rocking members can be captured accurately using the coefficient of restitution (r) approach of the modified simple rocking model (MSRM). Based on the MSRM, a controlled rocking model (CRM) is developed that additionally accounts for the variations in contact length at the member‐to‐foundation (rocking) interface. The CRM reproduces the experimental responses of controlled rocking members with good accuracy and is used to investigate controlled rocking motions under horizontal base excitations.
Antibodies raised against a Sunn bug (Eurygaster integriceps Put.) recombinant protease, rGHP3p2, can inhibit gluten‐hydrolyzing activity
Authors: Dolgikh Vyacheslav , Tsarev Alexander , Timofeev Sergey , Zhuravlyov Vladimir , Senderskiy Igor , Lovegrove Alison , Konarev Alexander
Published: December 2019

Sunn pest or Sunn bug, Eurygaster integriceps Put., salivary gland proteases are responsible for the deterioration of wheat flour quality during dough mixing, resulting from gluten hydrolysis. These proteases are highly heterogeneous and show low sensitivity to most types of proteinaceous inhibitors, meaning that such inhibitors cannot be used to prevent gluten damage. The present study describes the generation of a specific peptide antibody, raised against the active center of the recombinant gluten‐hydrolyzing protease (GHP3). The recombinant protein, encoding two repeats of the GHP3 sequence element involved in forming the S4 pocket and binding of substrate at position P4, was designed and expressed in Escherichia coli. The antibodies raised to this recombinant protein showed inhibitory activity against the GHP3 protease. The results indicate that it is possible to design specific antibodies to inhibit wheat‐bug gluten‐hydrolyzing proteases.
More Than a Paycheck: Applied Learning Within a Student Employment Context
Authors: Rossmann Patrick
Published: December 2019

This chapter describes how student employment can be an applied learning experience by developing soft skills for future employment, working with other students from diverse backgrounds, and connecting work to academics.
Conservative treatment of asymptomatic ectopic ureterocele: A report of two cases
Authors: Maruo Kazutaka , Nishinaka Kazuyuki
Published: December 2019

Introduction

There are no established treatments for asymptomatic ectopic ureteroceles, with completely duplicated ureters, during the neonatal period and infancy. However, conservative treatment is sometimes successful.

Case presentation

Two patients were prenatally diagnosed, via ultrasonography, with left hydronephrosis. In each case, magnetic resonance imaging confirmed an ectopic ureterocele accompanying the left, completely duplicated ureter. Prophylactic antibiotics were administered and conservative treatment was started. Currently, one patient is 44 months old and the other is 49 months old; in neither patient has the ureterocele or hydronephrosis been exacerbated.

Conclusion

Patients with (i) a nonfunctional kidney, (ii) mild hydronephrosis or moderate vesicoureteral reflux, (iii) no bladder neck obstruction on urination, and (iv) a Churchill classification ≤Grade II (Churchill classification) may be able to select conservative treatment.
Reframing and Repositioning College Readers’ Assumptions About Reading Through Eye Movement Miscue Analysis
Authors: Porter Heather D. , Kim Koomi , Franzak Judith K. , MacDonald Katherine
Published: December 2019

As one of multiple ways to explore the reading process, eye movement miscue analysis is a tool that provides a continuous record of eye fixations and movements over an entire text, and a record of the oral reading of that text and the miscues (observed responses) that readers produce. The authors present profiles of two successful college readers who doubted their reading efficacy. Using data from eye tracking, miscue analysis, and the retelling, the authors invited the readers to examine their assumptions about reading and how they positioned themselves as readers. Data presented were drawn from the readers’ eye movements during the reading of two texts—one an informational text and the other a constructed text with embedded errors—and are discussed in relation to the readers’ perceptions of reader identity and processes. Implications for teachers include strategies for helping readers address common misconceptions about reading and reclaim their role as meaning makers.
Structural characterization, mechanical, and electrochemical studies of hydroxyapatite‐titanium composite coating fabricated using electrophoretic deposition and reaction bonding process
Authors: Maleki‐Ghaleh Hossein , Khalil‐Allafi Jafar , Horandghadim Nazila , Keikhosravani Pardis , Hosseini Mir Ghasem
Published: December 2019

In the present work, hydroxyapatite (HA)‐titanium (Ti, 20 wt%) composite coating was coated on NiTi alloy substrate by EPD (electrophoretic deposition) process. Before applying the coating, the HA powder was composed with Ti powder using a ball milling process. Influence of the ball milling time on morphology and phase structure of HA‐Ti powder was evaluated using TEM and XRD analysis. After composing the HA particles with Ti, the HA‐Ti composite powders were coated on the NiTi substrate by the EPD process in an n‐butanol medium for 2 min, with the applied voltage of 60 V. XRD and SEM analysis were utilized to evaluate the phase analysis and morphology of the coatings. Mechanical and electrochemical characteristic of the coatings were also assessed using the micro‐indentation, micro‐scratch, and polarization tests, respectively. The results revealed that the milling process time had a significant influence on reaction bonds and optimum mixing time was 4 hr. Micro‐hardness of the HA‐Ti composite coating (304 HV) was substantially higher than the HA coating (72 HV). Also, as the HA coating was composed with Ti particles, the amount of force (in the micro‐scratch test) required for detaching the coating from the NiTi substrate increased from 7.1 to 17.8 N. The polarization results showed that the HA‐Ti composite coating had a higher electrochemical resistance compared with the HA coating. Corrosion resistance of the NiTi alloy coated with HA increased from 133 kΩ.cm2 to 2,720 kΩ.cm2 after composed with the Ti particles.
Identification of genes related to low‐grade glioma progression and prognosis based on integrated transcriptome analysis
Authors: Jiang Yao , He Jimin , Guo Yongcan , Tao Hualin , Pu Fei , Li Yiqin
Published: December 2019

Glioma is one of the most common types of human brain tumor, with high mortality in high‐grade gliomas (HGG). Low‐grade gliomas (LGG) can progress into HGG, leading to poor prognosis. However, it is unclear what factors affect the progression of LGG to HGG. This study aims to explore the function of the crosstalk genes on the progression and prognosis of LGG using bioinformatics analysis. Integrated transcriptome analysis was used to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Then, gene ontology (GO) function enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were performed to investigate the association between DEGs and gene functions and pathways by ClusterProfiler package and ClueGO plug‐in. Protein‐protein interaction (PPI) network analysis was applied to explore the connection between genes and biological processes. Subsequently, the gene clusters were analyzed using the Centiscape and molecular complex detection (MCODE) plug‐in in Cytoscape software, where the crosstalk genes were identified for further study. Ultimately, the UALCAN website and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) website were performed to visualize the expression levels and survival curves of genes, respectively. There were 74 DEGs identified in glioma, including 55 upregulated genes and 19 downregulated genes, which mainly were enriched in extracellular matrix (ECM)‐receptor interaction, focal adhesion, PI3K‐Akt signaling pathway, and so on. Then, six crosstalk genes were selected, including COL1A1, COL1A2, COL3A1, COL4A1, COL4A2, and COL5A2 genes. Overall survival (OS) analysis of crosstalk genes was conducted on the GEPIA website. High expression levels of crosstalk genes were closely related to the low survival rate of patients with LGG. The overexpressed crosstalk genes, such as COL1A1, COL1A2, COL3A1, COL4A1, COL4A2, and COL5A2 may participate in the progression and poor prognosis of LGG through the ECM‐receptor interaction pathway.