bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dutch food bank parcels do not meet nutritional guidelines for a healthy diet
Authors: Neter Judith E. , Dijkstra S. Coosje , Visser Marjolein , Brouwer Ingeborg A.
Published: May 2016

Nutritional intakes of food bank recipients and consequently their health status largely rely on the availability and quality of donated food in provided food parcels. In this cross-sectional study, the nutritional quality of ninety-six individual food parcels was assessed and compared with the Dutch nutritional guidelines for a healthy diet. Furthermore, we assessed how food bank recipients use the contents of the food parcel. Therefore, 251 Dutch food bank recipients from eleven food banks throughout the Netherlands filled out a general questionnaire. The provided amounts of energy (19 849 (sd162 615) kJ (4744 (sd38 866) kcal)), protein (14·6 energy percentages (en%)) and SFA (12·9 en%) in a single-person food parcel for one single day were higher than the nutritional guidelines, whereas the provided amounts of fruits (97 (sd1441) g) and fish (23 (sd640) g) were lower. The number of days for which macronutrients, fruits, vegetables and fish were provided for a single-person food parcel ranged from 1·2 (fruits) to 11·3 (protein) d. Of the participants, only 9·5 % bought fruits and 4·6 % bought fish to supplement the food parcel, 39·4 % used all foods provided and 75·7 % were (very) satisfied with the contents of the food parcel. Our study shows that the nutritional content of food parcels provided by Dutch food banks is not in line with the nutritional guidelines. Improving the quality of the parcels is likely to positively impact the dietary intake of this vulnerable population subgroup.
Time, History, and Tradition in the Fundamentalist Imagination
Authors: Bendroth Margaret
Published: May 2016

Fundamentalists—those ministers, theologians, and laymen who joined forces against theological liberalism in the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries—cared deeply about history. In this sense they were no different from other protestants of their age, confronted with a historicized Bible and a world falling into the strict sequential order required by modernity. But fundamentalists were different. They viewed time in categories inherited from American protestant thought, as a logical unfolding of a single beginning rather than as open-ended development. This principle of “first things” lay behind their objections to evolution and biblical criticism, but also their stand on social issues, their insistence that the role of women could and should not progress and change over time. Among evangelicals today, the fundamentalist sense of time as the extension of full and complete beginnings still resonates, in opposition to abortion and homosexuality and in their continuing reverence for the American founding fathers. History can be powerfully immediate. For evangelicals, the Bible is not an ancient text about long-dead people but fully contemporary, and thus read not “literally,” as if every word were true, but as if time did not exist. Ultimately, however, history has no depth or traction, or any theological meaning, a parenthesis between the God-ordained beginning and end of time.
Breast-feeding perceptions, beliefs and experiences of Marshallese migrants: an exploratory study
Authors: Scott Allison , Shreve Marilou , Ayers Britni , McElfish Pearl Anna
Published: May 2016

Objective

To determine perceptions, beliefs and experiences affecting breast-feeding in Marshallese mothers residing in Northwest Arkansas, USA.

Design

A qualitative, exploratory study using a brief survey and focus groups. Marshallese women, 18 years or older who had a child under 7 years of age, were included in the study.

Setting

Community-based organization in Northwest Arkansas.

Results

The majority of mothers viewed breast milk as superior to formula, but had concerns about adequate milk supply and the nutritional value of their milk. The primary barriers to exclusive breast-feeding in the USA included public shaming (both verbal and non-verbal), perceived milk production and quality, and maternal employment. These barriers are not reported in the Marshall Islands and are encountered only after moving to the USA. Breast-feeding mothers rely heavily on familial support, especially the eldest female, who may not reside in the USA. The influence of institutions, including the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children, is strong and may negatively affect breast-feeding.

Conclusions

Despite the belief that breast milk is the healthiest option, breast-feeding among Marshallese mothers is challenged by numerous barriers they encounter as they assimilate to US cultural norms. The barriers and challenges, along with the strong desire to assimilate to US culture, impact Marshallese mothers’ perceptions, beliefs and experiences with breast-feeding.
Some Useful Sources
Authors: Papadopoulos Theodoros , Velázquez Leyer Ricardo
Published: May 2016

The literature on social protection in Latin America – and more specifically on Conditional Cash Transfers (CCTs) – is substantial and growing as, increasingly, more academics from around the world seem to be attracted to social policy developments in the region and the role of CCTs in these developments. As the articles in our themed section cite many of the key sources on particular aspects of CCTs, we chose in this guide to highlight those sources we consider essential for any academic interested to investigate CCTs and, more broadly, the development of social policies in Latin America for research or teaching purposes.
Adjustment Outcomes of Immigrant Children and Youth in	Europe
Authors: Dimitrova Radosveta , Chasiotis Athanasios , van de Vijver Fons
Published: May 2016

Abstract. Compared to natives, immigrants have been reported to display either more (migration morbidity) or fewer (immigrant paradox) adjustment problems. We examined these two perspectives using a meta-analysis from 51 studies (N = 224,197), reporting internalizing, externalizing, and academic outcomes among immigrant children and youth in Europe. Overall, migration morbidity was better supported than the immigrant paradox. Migration morbidity was supported for (a) externalizing outcomes in Northern Europe and adolescent samples; (b) academic outcomes for low SES and fewer girls across samples; (c) internalizing outcomes in Western Europe and preadolescent samples. Cultural diversity and long-term residence of immigrants are favorable factors for the paradox in externalizing outcomes, whereas immigrant family reunion was predictive for the paradox in internalizing and academic outcomes. Implications for future research and policy are discussed.
Towards Computational and Behavioral Social Science
Authors: Conte Rosaria , Giardini Francesca
Published: May 2016

Abstract. In the last few years, the study of social phenomena has hosted a renewal of interest in Computational Social Science (CSS). While this field is not new – Axelrod’s first computational work on the evolution of cooperation goes back to 1981 – CSS has recently resurged under the pressure of quantitative social science and the application of Big Data analytics to social datasets. However, Big Data is no panacea and the data deluge that it provides raises more questions than it answers. The aim of this paper is to present an overview in which CSS will be introduced and the costs of CSS will be balanced against its benefits, in an attempt to propose an integrative view of the new and the old practice of CSS. In particular, two routes to integration will be drawn. First, it will be advocated that social data mining and computational modeling need to be integrated. Second, we will introduce the generative approach, aimed to understand how social phenomena can be generated starting from the micro-components, including psychological mechanisms, and we will discuss the necessity of combining it with the anticipatory, data-driven objective. By these means, Computational Social Science will develop into a more comprehensive field of Computational Social and Behavioral Science in which data science, ICT, as well as the behavioral and social sciences will be fruitfully integrated.
Work Intensification and the Work-Home Interface
Authors: Kubicek Bettina , Tement Sara
Published: May 2016

Abstract. Two studies examined the main and interactive effects of work intensification and work-home segmentation (WHS) on work-to-home conflict (WHC) and enrichment (WHE). In Study 1 (N = 201), work intensification was positively related to WHC and negatively related to WHE. Moreover, WHS, assessed as an organizational supply, was associated with less WHC and reduced the negative relation between work intensification and WHE. In Study 2 (N = 169), these findings were partially replicated: work intensification and WHS, assessed as a boundary management strategy, were related to WHC. In terms of interactive effects, work intensification was associated with more time-based WHC and less WHE-development in the case of work-home integration but with more WHE affect in the case of WHS.
Bipartite electronic superstructures in the vortex core of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ
Authors: Machida T. , Kohsaka Y. , Matsuoka K. , Iwaya K. , Hanaguri T. , Tamegai T.
Published: May 2016

The central issue in the physics of cuprate superconductivity is the mutual relationship among superconductivity, pseudogap and broken-spatial-symmetry states. A magnetic field B suppresses superconductivity, providing an opportunity to investigate the competition among these states. Although various B-induced electronic superstructures have been reported, their energy, spatial and momentum-space structures are unclear. Here, we show using spectroscopic-imaging scanning tunnelling microscopy on Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ that there are two distinct B-induced electronic superstructures, both being localized in the vortex core but appearing at different energies. In the low-energy range where the nodal Bogoliubov quasiparticles are well-defined, we observe the so-called vortex checkerboard that we identify as the B-enhanced quasiparticle interference pattern. By contrast, in the high-energy region where the pseudogap develops, the broken-spatial-symmetry patterns that pre-exist at B=0 T is locally enhanced in the vortex core. This evidences the competition between superconductivity and the broken-spatial-symmetry state that is associated with the pseudogap.
Association between previous history of gout attack and risk of deep vein thrombosis - a nationwide population-based cohort study
Authors: Chiu Chun-Chih , Chen Yung-Tai , Hsu Chien-Yi , Chang Chun-Chin , Huang Chin-Chou , Leu Hsin-Bang , Li Szu-Yuan , Kuo Shu-Chen , Huang Po-Hsun , Chen Jaw-Wen , Lin Shing-Jong
Published: May 2016

Although the association of hyperuricemia and cardiovascular diseases is well established by previous research studies, the relationship between gout and deep vein thrombosis (DVT) remains unclear. We conducted a nationwide longitudinal cohort study to investigate the relationship between gout and DVT. We used the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database to identify patients with gout diagnosed in Taiwan during 2000–2011, and we followed up these patients to determine the incidence of DVT among them. The association between gout and DVT was analyzed by cox proportional hazard model. The study cohort included 35,959 patients with history of gout attack and 35,959 matched controls without gout attack. During the median follow-up of 7.5 ± 3.6 years, the incidence rate of DVT was significantly higher in patients with gout than that in control group (13.48 versus 9.77 per 104 person-years, p < 0.001). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed a tendency toward DVT development in gout patients (log rank test, p < 0.001). In a Cox model, patients with gout were found to have a 1.38-fold (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.18 to 1.62, p < 0.001) higher risk of developing DVT. Hyperuricemia with gout attack could be a possible risk predictor for DVT, but these findings need to be confirmed in future clinical and experimental studies.
Automatic Combination of Microfluidic Nanoliter-Scale Droplet Array with High-Speed Capillary Electrophoresis
Authors: Li Q. , Zhu Y. , Zhang N.-Q. , Fang Q.
Published: May 2016

In this paper, we developed a novel approach for interfacing a microfluidic two-dimensional droplet array to a high-speed capillary electrophoresis (HSCE) system. Picoliter-scale sample injection (ca. 200 pL) from a nanoliter-scale droplet array covered by nonvolatile oil was automatically achieved using the spontaneous injection mode, without the interference from the cover oil and the need of special droplet extraction interface as in previously reported systems. The system was applied in consecutive separations of 25 different samples of amino acids with a whole separation time less than 15 min, as well as on-line monitoring of in-droplet derivatizing reaction of amino acids by fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) over 3 hours. High separation speed (up to 100 samples per hour) and high separation efficiency (up to 9.22 × 105 N/m) were achieved.
Tunable Band-Stop Filters for Graphene Plasmons Based on Periodically Modulated Graphene
Authors: Shi Bin , Cai Wei , Zhang Xinzheng , Xiang Yinxiao , Zhan Yu , Geng Juan , Ren Mengxin , Xu Jingjun
Published: May 2016

Tunable band-stop filters based on graphene with periodically modulated chemical potentials are proposed. Periodic graphene can be considered as a plasmonic crystal. Its energy band diagram is analyzed, which clearly shows a blue shift of the forbidden band with increasing chemical potential. Structural design and optimization are performed by an effective-index-based transfer matrix method, which is confirmed by numerical simulations. The center frequency of the filter can be tuned in a range from 37 to 53 THz based on the electrical tunability of graphene, while the modulation depth (−26 dB) and the bandwidth (3.1 THz) of the filter remain unchanged. Specifically, the bandwidth and modulation depth of the filters can be flexibly preset by adjusting the chemical potential ratio and the period number. The length of the filter (~750 nm) is only 1/9 of the operating wavelength in vacuum, which makes the filter a good choice for compact on-chip applications.
The Association Between Low Back Pain and Composition of IgG Glycome
Authors: Freidin Maxim B. , Keser Toma , Gudelj Ivan , Štambuk Jerko , Vučenović Dunja , Allegri Massimo , Pavić Tamara , Šimurina Mirna , Fabiane Stella M. , Lauc Gordan , Williams Frances M. K.
Published: May 2016

Low back pain (LBP) is a common debilitating condition which aetiology and pathogenesis are poorly understood. We carried out a first so far analysis of associations between LBP and plasma IgG N-glycome in a sample of 4511 twins from TwinsUK database assessed for LBP, lumbar disc degeneration (LDD) as its possible cause, and IgG-glycan levels. Using weighted correlation network analysis, we established a correlation between LBP and glycan modules featured by glycans that either promote or block antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). The levels of four glycan traits representing two of those modules were statistically significantly different in monozygotic twins discordant for LBP. Also, the trend to higher prevalence of systemic inflammatory disorders was shown for twins with low level of fucosylated glycans and high level of non-fucosylated glycans. Core fucosylation of IgG is a “safety switch” reducing ADCC, thus our results suggest the involvement of ADCC and associated inflammation in pathogenesis of LBP. No correlation between LDD scores and glycans was found assuming that the inflammation may not be a part of LDD. These data provide a new insight into understanding the complex pathophysiology of LBP and suggest glycan levels as a possible biomarker for inflammation-related subtypes of LBP.
Roles of Hcp family proteins in the pathogenesis of the porcine extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli type VI secretion system
Authors: Peng Ying , Wang Xiangru , Shou Jin , Zong Bingbing , Zhang Yanyan , Tan Jia , Chen Jing , Hu Linlin , Zhu Yongwei , Chen Huanchun , Tan Chen
Published: May 2016

Hcp (hemolysin-coregulated protein) is considered a vital component of the functional T6SS (Type VI Secretion System), which is a newly discovered secretion system. Our laboratory has previously sequenced the whole genome of porcine extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) strain PCN033, and identified an integrated T6SS encoding three different hcp family genes. In this study, we first identified a functional T6SS in porcine ExPEC strain PCN033, and demonstrated that the Hcp family proteins were involved in bacterial competition and the interactions with other cells. Interestingly, the three Hcp proteins had different functions. Hcp2 functioned predominantly in bacterial competition; all three proteins were involved in the colonization of mice; and Hcp1 and Hcp3 were predominantly contributed to bacterial-eukaryotic cell interactions. We showed an active T6SS in porcine ExPEC strain PCN033, and the Hcp family proteins had different functions in their interaction with other bacteria or host cells.
An RNA-aptamer-based two-color CRISPR labeling system
Authors: Wang Siyuan , Su Jun-Han , Zhang Feng , Zhuang Xiaowei
Published: May 2016

The spatial organization and dynamics of chromatin play important roles in essential biological functions. However, direct visualization of endogenous genomic loci in living cells has proven to be laborious until the recent development of CRISPR-Cas9-based chromatin labeling methods. These methods rely on the recognition of specific DNA sequences by CRISPR single-guide RNAs (sgRNAs) and fluorescent–protein-fused catalytically inactive Cas9 to label specific chromatin loci in cells. Previously, multicolor chromatin labeling has been achieved using orthogonal Cas9 proteins from different bacterial species fused to different fluorescent proteins. Here we report the development of an alternative two-color CRISPR labeling method using only the well-characterized Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9, by incorporating MS2 or PP7 RNA aptamers into the sgRNA. The MS2 or PP7 aptamers then recruit the corresponding MS2 or PP7 coat proteins fused with different fluorescent proteins to the target genomic loci. Here we demonstrate specific and orthogonal two-color labeling of repetitive sequences in living human cells using this method. By attaching the MS2 or PP7 aptamers to different locations on the sgRNA, we found that extending the tetraloop and stem loop 2 of the sgRNA with MS2 or PP7 aptamers enhances the signal-to-background ratio of chromatin imaging.
Hierarchical synthesis of silver monoliths and their efficient catalytic activity for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol
Authors: Bano Mustri , Ahirwar Devendra , Thomas Molly , Naikoo Gowhar Ahmad , Sheikh Mehraj Ud-Din , Khan Farid
Published: May 2016

Epoch-making catalytic activities of silver monoliths against the reduction of 4-NP to 4-AP and their industrial importance.
Effects of flavonoid-rich Chinese bayberry (Morella rubra Sieb. et Zucc.) fruit extract on regulating glucose and lipid metabolism in diabetic KK-Aymice
Authors: Zhang Xianan , Lv Qiang , Jia Sheng , Chen Yanhong , Sun Chongde , Li Xian , Chen Kunsong
Published: May 2016

In the present study, male diabetic KK-Aymice were used to investigate the antidiabetic effect of bayberry fruit extract (BFE, 200 mg kg−1) by gavage for 5 weeks.
Confinement of water droplets on rectangular micro/nano-arrayed surfaces
Authors: Kašpar Ondřej , Zhang Hailong , Tokárová Viola , Boysen Reinhard I. , Suñé Gemma Rius , Borrise Xavier , Perez-Murano Francesco , Hearn Milton T. W. , Nicolau Dan V.
Published: May 2016

Micro-patterned surfaces with alternate hydrophilic and hydrophobic rectangular areas effectively confine water droplets down to attolitre volumes.
Competitive counterion complexation allows the true host : guest binding constants from a single titration by ionic receptors
Authors: Pessêgo Márcia , Basílio Nuno , Muñiz M. Carmen , García-Río Luis
Published: May 2016

From a single titration experiment and considering a counterion competitive and/or competitive-cooperative complexation model, allows us to obtain the true binding constants and the stoichiometry of the host:guest complexes.
From nucleobase to DNA templates for precision supramolecular assemblies and synthetic polymers
Authors: Surin Mathieu
Published: May 2016

In this minireview, we report on the recent advances of utilization of nucleobases and DNA as templates to achieve well-defined supramolecular polymers, synthetic polymers, and sequence-controlled polymers.
Synthesis of hierarchically porous carbon spheres by an emulsification-crosslinking method and their application in supercapacitors
Authors: Zhang Dingjun , Gao Jiechang , Li Zhangpeng , He Shuhua , Wang Jinqing
Published: May 2016

Porous carbon sphere materials with hierarchical pore structure have greatly developed as promising electrode materials for electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs).
Photoelectrochemical degradation of orange II dye in wastewater at a silver–zinc oxide/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite photoanode
Authors: Umukoro Eseoghene H. , Peleyeju Moses G. , Ngila Jane C. , Arotiba Omotayo A.
Published: May 2016

Degradation of dye monitored by visible spectrophotometry. Inset a: photocurrent response of the photoanode; inset b: proposed photoelectrochemical mechanism.
In situ generation of dihydropyridine for the enantioselective transfer hydrogenation of 1,4-benzoxazines
Authors: Aillerie Alexandre , Gosset Cyrille , Dumont Clément , Skrzypczak Valentin , Champetter Philippe , Pellegrini Sylvain , Bousquet Till , Pélinski Lydie
Published: May 2016

A new strategy for the enantioselective transfer hydrogenation of benzoxazines involving anin situgeneration of Hantzsch ester has been developed. Dihydroadducts were isolated in good yields (75–99%) and enantioselectivities (89–96% ee).
Highly efficient palladium(ii) hydrazone based catalysts for the Suzuki coupling reaction in aqueous medium
Authors: Muthumari Subramanian , Ramesh Rengan
Published: May 2016

The synthesis and structural characterisation of a new series of palladium(ii) benzhydrazone complexes have been described and the complexes were developed as efficient catalysts for Suzuki coupling reactions in aqueous medium.
Synthesis of bifunctional reduced graphene oxide/CuS/Au composite nanosheets for in situ monitoring of a peroxidase-like catalytic reaction by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Song Wei , Nie Guangdi , Ji Wei , Jiang Yanzhou , Lu Xiaofeng , Zhao Bing , Ozaki Yukihiro
Published: May 2016

In this work, we have demonstrated the synthesis of bifunctional reduced graphene oxide/CuS/Au composite nanosheets forin situmonitoring of peroxidase-like catalytic reaction by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy.
Photoluminescence dynamics of copper nanoclusters synthesized by cellulase: role of the random-coil structure
Authors: Singh Akanksha , Rai Tripti , Panda Debashis
Published: May 2016

Cellulase-directed synthesis of magic numbered Cu NCs with blue-, cyan-, and green emission from Cu12, Cu20, and Cu34, respectively is presented. The random coil structure of enzyme dictates the size and luminescent properties of Cu NCs.
Deprotonation routes of anthocyanidins in aqueous solution, pKavalues, and speciation under physiological conditions
Authors: León-Carmona Jorge Rafael , Galano Annia , Alvarez-Idaboy Juan Raúl
Published: May 2016

The most likely deprotonation route of 12 anthocyanidins was elucidated, their pKas are calculated and used to estimate the populations of the different species depending on the pH.
Iron phosphide nanoparticles as an efficient electrocatalyst for the OER in alkaline solution
Authors: Masud J. , Umapathi S. , Ashokaan N. , Nath M.
Published: May 2016

Ultrasmall FeP nanoparticles have been reported as an efficient oxygen evolution electrocatalyst in alkaline medium with low onset potential for oxygen evolution and require low overpotential to reach 10 mA cm−2 exchange current density.
Re-programming tumour cell metabolism to treat cancer: no lone target for lonidamine
Authors: Bhutia Yangzom D. , Babu Ellappan , Ganapathy Vadivel
Published: May 2016

Tumour cell metabolism is very different from normal cell metabolism; cancer cells re-programme the metabolic pathways that occur in normal cells in such a manner that it optimizes their proliferation, growth and survival. Although this metabolic re-programming obviously operates to the advantage of the tumour, it also offers unique opportunities for effective cancer therapy. Molecules that target the tumour cell-specific metabolic pathways have potential as novel anti-cancer drugs. Lonidamine belongs to this group of molecules and is already in use in some countries for cancer treatment. It has been known for a long time that lonidamine interferes with energy production in tumour cells by inhibiting hexokinase II (HKII), a glycolytic enzyme. However, subsequent studies have uncovered additional pharmacological targets for the drug, which include the electron transport chain and the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, thus expanding the pharmacological effects of the drug on tumour cell metabolism. A study by Nancolas et al. in a recent issue of the Biochemical Journal identifies two additional new targets for lonidamine: the pyruvate transporter in the mitochondria and the H+-coupled monocarboxylate transporters in the plasma membrane (PM). It is thus becoming increasingly apparent that the anti-cancer effects of lonidamine do not occur through a single target; the drug works at multiple sites. Irrespective of the molecular targets, what lonidamine does in the end is to undo what the tumour cells have done in terms of re-programming cellular metabolism and mitochondrial function.
Size Selectivity of Multifilament Gill Nets for Sampling Alligator Gar: Modeling the Effects on Population Metrics
Authors: Schlechte J. Warren , Bodine Kristopher A. , Daugherty Daniel J. , Binion Greg R.
Published: May 2016

Gill nets are commonly used to sample Alligator Gar Atractosteus spatula; however, gill nets are size selective. We used five common multifilament gill-net meshes (88.9-, 101.6-, 114.3-, 127.0-, and 139.7-mm bar measure) to collect 477 gar between 1,000 and 2,300mm TL. We fit size-selectivity functions for these meshes for a net in which each mesh was fished equally, i.e., equal-effort net design (EEND), and found selectivity was best described by a binormal distribution in which the assumption of geometric similarity had been relaxed (i.e., binormal with deviations). Overall relative retention was about 30% for fish at 1,200 mm, increased to 100% for fish at 1,670 mm, then declined to 50% when fish were 2,100 mm. To reduce size selectivity, we used an optimization to create a net that minimized bias over the greatest TL range of fish sampled, i.e., weighted-effort net design (WEND). We compared the WEND to the EEND via simulation to estimate the effects of selectivity bias on population metrics. The WEND had 70% or greater relative retention for all fish between 1,200 and 2,100 mm TL. While the WEND performed slightly better with respect to the length frequency, simulations indicated that sampling Alligator Gar populations with either net design led to estimates of vital statistics for fish above 1,200 mm that were only slightly biased (e.g., survival estimates were biased by <2%). Both designs underestimated the proportion of smaller fish (i.e., <1,200 mm), which affected estimates of most vital statistics for these fish. When the goal of sampling is to estimate vital parameters for Alligator Gar < 1,200 mm TL, biologists should consider using different mesh sizes or methods. Bias adjustments for larger and older fish are probably unnecessary. Our results suggest the gill-net meshes we tested can be used to collect a representative sample of adult Alligator Gar.

Received October 29, 2015; accepted February 2, 2016 Published online May 26, 2016
Chromosome aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes of lung cancer patients exposed to radon and air pollution
Authors: Minina Varvara I. , Sinitsky Maxim Yu , Druzhinin Vladimir G. , Fucic Aleksandra , Bakanova Marina L. , Ryzhkova Anastasia V. , Savchenko Yana A. , Timofeeva Anna A. , Titov Ruslan A. , Voronina Elena N. , Volobaev Valentin P. , Titov Victor A.
Published: May 2016

Lung cancer is one of the most common forms of cancer. The aim of this study was to validate chromosome aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes of lung cancer patients living in a region with high air pollution and increased background radon levels as a biomarker of cancer risk. A total of 417 lung cancer patients and 468 control participants were analysed using a chromosome aberration assay in peripheral blood lymphocytes. The results showed that chromatid-type aberrations (2.26±1.58 vs. 1.60±1.58) and chromosome-type aberrations (CSAs) (0.96±1.36 vs. 0.42±0.70) in lung cancer patients were increased significantly in comparison with the controls. The most significant two-fold increase was detected for CSAs (nonsmoking patients: 0.84±1.54 vs. 0.41±0.73%, smoking patients: 0.99±1.31 vs. 0.44±0.67%). The frequency of dicentric and ring chromosomes, double minutes and rogue cells was significantly higher (P=0.002, 0.00002, 0.01, 0.0007) in the lung cancer patients. As both analysed groups lived in the same environment, our results show that increased radon levels were not the only source for the detected genome damage. Using binomial logistic regression, the estimated odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals adjusted for the main confounders (smoking, occupational exposure, age) were 1.31 (1.20–1.40) for chromatid-type aberrations, 1.28 (1.17–1.33), and 1.68 (1.49–1.88) for CSAs. It may be suggested that lung cancer patients show a significant increase in genome damage that may be caused by an interplay between exposure and individual low capacity of DNA repair, leading to genome instability.
Using Propensity to Succeed Modeling to Increase Utilization and Adherence in a Nurse HealthLine Telephone Triage Program
Authors: Navratil-Strawn Jessica L. , Hawkins Kevin , Hartley Stephen K. , Wells Timothy S. , Ozminkowski Ronald J. , Migliori Richard J. , Yeh Charlotte S.
Published: May 2016

Propensity to succeed modeling was used to identify characteristics associated with higher utilization of a telephone triage program and adherence to nurse recommendations among callers. Characteristics significantly associated with calling the telephone triage service and engaging in triage services were being female and having an elevated health risk score. Callers most likely to adhere to nurse recommendations were younger than 85 years of age, had called on a weekday, and had received a recommendation to seek care at an emergency department or a doctor's office visit. Additional analyses suggest the propensity to succeed modeling is stable and valid.
What Can Primary Care Learn From Sports Teams?
Authors: Fiscella Kevin , Fogarty Colleen , Salas Eduardo
Published: May 2016

Teams are familiar to sports but relatively new to primary care. In this perspective, we use sports teams to illustrate key principles from team science and extract practical lessons for primary care teams. The most notable lessons include the need for continuous team learning based on presession planning and postsession debriefing, real-world team training focused on identified teamwork needs, and on-site team coaching. Implementation of these principles requires organizational commitment coupled with alignment of continuing medical education and recertification requirements with primary care teamwork competencies.
The Evolution of End-of-Life Care
Authors: Fink-Samnick Ellen
Published: May 2016

Purpose and Objectives:

This article:

discusses historic milestones of the death with dignity movement,

provides legislation, reimbursement, and programming updates,

discusses the influence of shared decision making, and

explores ethical implications of the evolution of end-of-life care for case managers.

Primary Practice Settings(s):

Applicable to all health care sectors where case management is practiced.

Findings/Conclusion:

Few topics are more intimate and multifaceted for case managers than engaging with today's culturally diverse patient populations around end-of-life processes. The already prominent focus of this issue has been further elevated by a series of events to receive public attention. These include the Institute of Medicine's 2014 report—Dying in America: Improving Quality and Honoring Individual Preferences Near the End of Life, rising numbers of patients around the globe requesting to end life on their own terms, and corresponding death with dignity initiatives and legislation.

Another vital factor in the end-of-life equation involves how the latest generation of shared decision making influences the management of treatment dialogues among practitioners, patients, as well as insurance companies. Case managers are at the intersection of these complex interactions, working to achieve ethical, as well as legal accountability to the patient, employer, and profession while balancing personal perspectives.

Implications for Case Management Practice:

Professionals strive to effectively intervene with patients and their support systems facing end-of-life care decisions. It is essential case managers actively consider the intricacies of ethical practice and current contexts including death with dignity legislation, shared decision making, and shifts in regulations and reimbursement for end-of-life care.

Case management's ethical envelope will continue to be pushed. To that end amid shifting societal constructs, professionals must have mastery of applicable codes, standards, principles, and rules essential for adherence to ethical practice.
Effects of Pigment Location in Tinted Contact Lenses on the Ocular Surface
Authors: Jung Ji Won , Han Sun Hyup , Park Si Yoon , Kim Eung Kweon , Seo Kyoung Yul , Kim Tae-im
Published: May 2016

Purpose

To evaluate the effects of the location of pigments in decorative tinted soft contact lenses on the ocular surface.

Methods

Thirty test subjects were enrolled in this study. All subjects wore the following types of contact lenses, classified according to the location of the pigment layer, in one eye in three different testing sessions: conventional clear lenses, tinted lenses with a pigment layer embedded in the lens matrix, and tinted lenses with an exposed pigment layer on the surface. Tear samples were collected, the ocular surface status was evaluated, and subjective symptoms were surveyed after lens wear for 8 hours.

Results

The tinted lenses with surface pigments resulted in a greater increase in epidermal growth factor and interleukin-8 levels compared with the clear lenses and tinted lenses with embedded pigments (p < 0.050). Ocular surface parameters and subjective symptom scores were significantly different among three lens types (p < 0.050), with the clear lenses showing superior results compared with the two tinted lenses (p < 0.050). The tinted lenses with exposed pigments resulted in a greater degree of conjunctival redness and ocular surface staining and poorer symptom scores compared with the tinted lens with embedded pigments (p < 0.050).

Conclusions

Our results suggest that the presence of surface pigments in tinted contact lenses increases ocular inflammation and results in a poorer ocular surface status and greater discomfort compared with clear lenses and tinted lenses with an embedded pigment layer.
The Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology: The Quest to Develop a Standardized Terminology
Authors: Barkan Güliz A. , Wojcik Eva M. , Nayar Ritu , Savic-Prince Spasenija , Quek Marcus L. , Kurtycz Daniel F.I. , Rosenthal Dorothy L.
Published: May 2016

The main purpose of urine cytology is to detect high-grade urothelial carcinoma. With this principle in mind, The Paris System (TPS) Working Group, composed of cytopathologists, surgical pathologists, and urologists, has proposed and published a standardized reporting system that includes specific diagnostic categories and cytomorphologic criteria for the reliable diagnosis of high-grade urothelial carcinoma. This paper outlines the essential elements of TPS and the process that led to the formation and rationale of the reporting system. TPS Working Group, organized at the 2013 International Congress of Cytology, conceived a standardized platform on which to base cytologic interpretation of urine samples. The widespread dissemination of this approach to cytologic examination and reporting of urologic samples and the scheme’s universal acceptance by pathologists and urologists is critical for its success. For urologists, understanding the diagnostic criteria, their clinical implications, and limitations of TPS is essential if they are to utilize urine cytology and noninvasive ancillary tests in a thoughtful and practical manner. This is the first international/inclusive attempt at standardizing urinary cytology. The success of TPS will depend on the pathology and urology communities working collectively to improve this seminal paradigm shift, and optimize the impact on patient care.
Living Neural Networks: Dynamic Network Analysis of Developing Neural Progenitor Cells
Authors: Mahadevan Arun S. , Grandel Nicolas E. , Robinson Jacob T. , Francis Kevin R. , Qutub Amina A.
Published: May 2016

The architecture of the mammalian brain has been characterized through decades of innovation in the field of network neuroscience. However, the assembly of the brain from progenitor cells is an immensely complex process, and a quantitative understanding of how neural progenitor cells (NPCs) form neural networks has proven elusive. Here, we introduce a method that integrates graph-theory with long-term imaging of differentiating human NPCs to characterize the evolution of spatial and functional network features in NPCs during the formation of neural networks in vitro. We find that the rise and fall in spatial network efficiency is a characteristic feature of the transition from immature NPC networks to mature neural networks. Furthermore, networks at intermediate stages of differentiation that display high spatial network efficiency also show high levels of network-wide spontaneous electrical activity. These results support the view that network-wide signaling in immature progenitor cells gives way to a hierarchical form of communication in mature neural networks. We also leverage graph theory to study the spatial features of individual cell types in developing cultures, uncovering spatial features of polarized neuroepithelium. Finally, we employ our method to uncover aberrant network features in a neurodevelopmental disorder using induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) models. The “Living Neural Networks” method bridges the gap between developmental neurobiology and network neuroscience, and offers insight into the relationship between developing and mature neural networks.
Application of a bionic ring structure on drill pipe surfaces to improve the performance of anti-corrosion coatings
Authors: Ma Yunhai , Wang Hubiao , Zhang Xin , Shang Wenbo , Tong Jin , Chang Zhiyong
Published: May 2016

Purpose

Nature provides a wide range of structures with different functions, which can serve as a source of research concepts. Based on the bionics principle, a bionic structure was applied to drill pipe specimens to compare the bond strength of paint coatings with and without a bionic ring groove pattern machined on the substrate.

Design/methodology/approach

Using the Revetest Xpress Plus scratch tester, the bond strengths of the coatings on the drill pipe with and without the bionic structure were measured and the difference in bond strength was observed.

Findings

The critical scratch loads of the surface coatings were 12.77 and 5.4 N. Furthermore, the scratch curve from the plain sample had a larger fluctuation compared to the curve of the samples with bionic ring grooves.

Originality/value

This indicated that the application of a bionic pattern to the surface of the substrate could enhance the bond strength and the degree of mechanical adhesion between the coating and the surface of the drill pipe, which is beneficial for the anti-corrosion performance of the drill pipe.
Sometimes a celebrity holding a negative public image is the best product endorser
Authors: Sääksjärvi Maria , Hellén Katarina , Balabanis George
Published: May 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine women’s reactions to celebrity endorsers holding positive and negative public images and the consequences for purchase intentions of the endorsed product.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper draws on the social comparison literature and applies the theory of upward and downward comparisons to the celebrity endorsement context.

Findings

Study 1 shows that exposure to celebrities holding a positive public image decrease consumers’ temporal self-esteem, while celebrities holding a negative public image increase temporal self-esteem. Study 2 suggests that this change in self-esteem transfers to the product depending upon the type of social comparison focus (similarity vs dissimilarity) which people have. Study 3 shows that for consumers low in true self-esteem, i.e. self-esteem based upon a stable foundation, celebrities holding a positive public image decrease purchase intentions. For consumers high in true self-esteem, there was no difference between exposure to celebrities holding a positive and a negative public image for purchase intentions. Study 4 focused on replicating the results found in Studies 1-3 in the context of an achievement celebrity (as opposed to a regular celebrity). The findings in Study 4 provide further support for the results of Studies 1 and 3, and identify expert celebrities as a boundary condition for the effects found in Study 2.

Practical implications

The results provide evidence suggesting that celebrities holding a negative public image can be used as celebrity endorsers in product categories in which it can be considered helpful to protect women’s self-esteem, such as beauty products or self-expressive products.

Originality/value

This research contributes to the literature on celebrity endorsement by adding a boundary condition for the effectiveness of celebrity endorsement. According to the results, choosing a positive celebrity can, for some groups, have negative effects on purchase intensions and that a negative celebrity might be the safer choice.
The brand authenticity effect: situational and individual-level moderators
Authors: Guèvremont Amélie , Grohmann Bianca
Published: May 2016

Purpose

This paper aims to examine under what conditions consumers develop emotional attachment toward authentic brands. It proposes that authentic brands’ ability to evoke attachment is contingent upon situational (i.e. need to belong and need to express the authentic self) and consumer individual difference variables (i.e. brand engagement in self-concept [BESC] and personal authenticity).

Design/methodology/approach

Two experiments empirically test the effects of brand authenticity on emotional brand attachment. Experiment 1 considers the moderating roles of social exclusion and BESC. Experiment 2 examines the moderating roles of situationally induced feelings of self-inauthenticity and enduring personal authenticity.

Findings

Consumers with a high level of BESC show greater emotional brand attachment to authentic (versus less authentic) brands when they feel socially excluded. Consumers with a high level of enduring personal authenticity show greater emotional brand attachment to authentic (versus less authentic) brands when they experience situations that make them feel inauthentic.

Practical implications

This paper has implications for brand communication strategies adopted by brands that are positioned strongly on authenticity.

Originality/value

This paper is one of the few to examine the effect of brand authenticity on brand attachment taking into account the moderating role of situational and individual difference variables. The findings contribute to the brand attachment and brand authenticity literatures.
A place and role of an ontology in using a base of experience in designing the software intensive systems
Authors: Sosnin Petr
Published: May 2016

Purpose

Nowadays, experience bases are widely used by project companies in designing software-intensive systems (SISs). The efficiency of such informational sources is defined by the “nature” of modeled experience units and approaches that apply to their systematization. This paper aims to increase the efficiency of designing the SISs by the use of an ontological support for interactions with an accessible experience, models of which are understood as intellectually processed conditioned reflexes.

Design/methodology/approach

Both of the base of experience (BE) and ontological support in interactions with its units are oriented on precedents built in accordance with the offered normative schema when the occupational work is fulfilled by a team of designers. In creating the BE and the ontology as part of the BE, the team should use a reflection of an operational space of solved tasks on a specialized semantic memory intended for simulating the applied reasoning of the question-answer type.

Findings

If the occupational space of designing is reflected on the semantic memory with a programmable shell, then this environment can be adjusted on simulating the intellectual mechanisms flown in a human consciousness when designers ontologically interact with the BE and tasks being solved. The use of simulating the process in consciousness in accordance with their nature facilitates increasing the efficiency of designing the SIS.

Research limitations/implications

An orientation on a precedent model as a basic type of experience unit and an ontological approach to their systematization are defined by the specificity of the study described in this paper. Models of precedents are constructed in accordance with the normative schema when the occupational work is fulfilled by a team of designers.

Practical implications

Investigated and developed means of ontological support are oriented on effective designing of the SISs with the use of the toolkit Working In Questions and Answers (WIQA) by the team of designers. The achieved effects are aimed at increasing the level of success in collaborative designing of SISs.

Social implications

Offered solutions are applicable in designing the systems which supported different relations of a human with artificial and natural environment. They facilitate the naturalness in interactions of a human with computerized world.

Originality/value

An orientation on the precedent model as a basic type of experience unit and the ontological approach to their systematization are defined by the specificity of the study described in this paper. The novelty of this approach is defined by the framework for the precedent model, understood as the intellectually processed conditioned reflex, in which a reflection on the semantic memory (of the question-answer type) is programmable in a conceptually algorithmic language. The ontological support is implemented in the environment of programming.