bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Positionspapier zur Implementierung eines nationalen organisierten Programms in Deutschland zur Früherkennung von Lungenkrebs in Risikopopulationen mittels Low-dose-CT-Screening inklusive Management von abklärungsbedürftigen Screeningbefunden
Authors: Vogel-Claussen Jens , Blum Torsten Gerriet , Andreas Stefan , Bauer Torsten T. , Barkhausen Jörg , Harth Volker , Kauczor Hans-Ulrich , Pankow Wulf , Welcker Katrin , Kaaks Rudolf , Hoffmann Hans ,   Deutsche Röntgengesellschaft,   Deutsche Gesellschaft für Pneumologie und Beatmungsmedizin,   Deutsche Gesellschaft für Thoraxchirurgie,   Vorstand der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Pneumologie und Beatmungsmedizin: Prof. Dr. med. Wolfram Windisch, Prof. Dr. med. Christian Taube, Prof. Dr. med. Torsten T. Bauer, Prof. Dr. med. Antje Prasse,   Vorstand der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Thoraxchirurgie: Dr. med. Katrin Welcker, Dr. med. Ludger Hillejan, Prof. Dr. med. Hans-Stefan Hofmann, PD Dr. med. habil. Robert Scheubel, Dr. med. Erich Hecker, Prof. Dr. med. Corinna Ludwig, Prof. Dr. med. Thorsten Walles, Prof. Dr. med. Hauke Winter,   Vorstand der Deutschen Röntgengesellschaft: Prof. Dr. med. Konstantin Nikolaou, Prof. Dr. med. Jörg Barkhausen, Prof. Dr. med. Christiane Kuhl, Dr. rer. nat. Frank Anton, Dr. med. Stefan Neuman, Prof. Dr. med. Arnd Dörfler, PD Dr. med. Friederike Körber, Prof. Dr. rer. medic. Martin Fiebich, Prof. Dr. med. Gerald Antoch, Dr. med. Kerstin Westphalen, Prof. Dr. Ulrike Attenberger, Prof. Dr. med. Frank Wacker, Prof. Dr. med. Johannes Weßling
Published: October 2023

Der Prozess zur Implementierung der Lungenkrebsfrüherkennung mit Niedrigdosis-CT (LDCT) in Deutschland hat in den letzten Jahren deutlich an Dynamik gewonnen. Es wird erwartet, dass der von den Fachgesellschaften kommentierte Referentenentwurf des Bundesministeriums für Umwelt, Naturschutz, nukleare Sicherheit und Verbraucherschutz (BMUV) zur Lungenkrebsfrüherkennung noch bis Ende 2023 in Kraft tritt. Basierend auf dieser Verordnung wird der Gemeinsame Bundesausschuss (G-BA) zeitnah ein Programm zur Lungenkrebsfrüherkennung mit LDCT aufsetzten. In diesem Positionspapier stellen die im Lungenkrebsscreening beteiligten Fachgesellschaften erstmals konkrete Eckpunkte für ein einheitliches, strukturiertes und qualitätsgesichertes Früherkennungsprogramm für Lungenkrebs in Deutschland vor, um zu diesem Prozess konstruktiv beizutragen.
Ex-Utero Intrapartum Treatment-to-Airway for Obstructing Fetal Neck Masses: A Singular Methodology for Monochorionic and Dichorionic Twin Pregnancies
Authors: Papastefan Steven T. , Scorletti Federico , Alhajjat Amir M. , Ott Katherine C. , Rastatter Jeffrey C. , Pombar Xavier F. , Shaaban Aimen F.
Published: October 2023

Fetal airway obstruction in one twin of a diamniotic pregnancy presents unique challenges. Very few cases of ex-utero-intrapartum-treatment (EXIT) procedures for twin pregnancy have been reported and only in dichorionic pregnancies. We report a singular methodology for EXIT-to-airway procedures in two pregnancies involving monochorionic and dichorionic twins.

Two cases of EXIT-to-airway in twin pregnancies were performed in 2018 and 2019 at a regional fetal treatment center. Case 1 involved a giant cervical teratoma in a monochorionic-diamniotic twin pregnancy with preterm labor at 29 weeks. Case 2 involved a dichorionic-diamniotic pregnancy with a large cervical lymphatic malformation with preterm labor at 36 weeks. In each case, the polyhydramnios caused the affected twin's amniotic sac to be the presenting sac for the surgical approach. Bronchoscopy and successful intubation was completed after 22 and 10 minutes of uteroplacental bypass, respectively. The bystander twins were delivered second without intubation and resuscitated without perinatal distress.

EXIT-to-airway appears to be a reasonable option for twins including monochorionic pregnancies, via delivery of the affected twin first followed by delivery of the bystander twin. Thoughtful preparation and counseling by an experienced multidisciplinary team permits an EXIT-to-airway approach for twin pregnancies even in an emergent setting.
PHAT Lips and PHAT Face: Platelet Hybridized Adipose Therapy for Superficial Musculoaponeurotic System and Dermal Rejuvenation
Authors: Talei Benjamin , Ziai Hedyeh
Published: October 2023

Platelet-rich plasma has been increasingly used for facial rejuvenation in conjunction with other modalities such as microneedling or on its own. Nanofat grafting to the face has also been utilized for skin quality improvements. Our group previously described the novel combined Platelet Hybridized Adipose Transplant (PHAT) technique for hair restoration. In this series, we describe our experience with the PHAT technique for lip and facial rejuvenation to improve the quality of facial skin and superficial musculoaponeurotic system, and enhancing surgical results.
Provider-reported use of butylscopolamine in gastrointestinal endoscopy in Germany
Authors: Ullmann Octavia , Ranti Daniel , Georgiadou Ekaterini , Hillemacher Thomas , Schmidt Arthur , von Hahn Thomas
Published: October 2023

Introduction The anti-cholinergic agent hyoscine-N-butylbromide (HBB) is used in gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy to decrease motility and facilitate endoscopic procedures. Data from clinical studies to support this practice is limited especially for therapeutic procedures. Likewise, patterns of use among endoscopist are largely unclear. This study sought to assess usage of HBB among German-speaking endoscopists.

Material and Methods We conducted an anonymous online survey among endoscopists in German-speaking countries.

Results A total of 207 physicians participated in the survey. The majority (76.9%) were experienced endoscopists and 92.3% of respondents use HBB at least occasionally during procedures. The reported median stated frequency of HBB use varied greatly between different types of procedures and increased with the complexity of the procedure being performed. HBB was rarely used in diagnostic esophagogastroduodenoscopies (EGD) (median stated frequency 1% of procedures), while use frequency was significantly higher in EGD with endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) (10%; p=0.002) and EGD with endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) (20%; p<0.001). Similarly, use frequency during diagnostic colonoscopy was lower (5%) compared to colonoscopy with EMR (20%, p=0.005) or ESD (42.5%, p<0.001). The highest use frequency was reported for ERCP (50%). The most frequently stated reason to use HBB was facilitation of the procedure (80.6%) followed by increasing diagnostic yield (58.3%).

Conclusion German-speaking endoscopists commonly use HBB, most frequently to facilitate complex therapeutic procedures. Given there is almost no data supporting HBB use in therapeutic endoscopy, we suggest that more research is needed to evaluate benefits and risks of this practice.
History Page: Leaders in MSK Radiology Brian Joseph Cremin (1929–2012)
Authors: Beighton Peter
Published: October 2023

This history page in the series “Leaders in MSK Radiology” is dedicated to the achievements of the British radiologist Brian Cremin, one of the pioneers of imaging of skeletal dysplasias.
Imaging in Whiplash-Associated Disorders
Authors: Schollaert Joris , Van Goethem Johan W.M.
Published: October 2023

“Whiplash,” a term describing the severe acceleration and deceleration forces applied to the head, craniocervical junction (CCJ), and cervical spine during trauma, is one of the most frequent mechanisms of injury to the CCJ. The CCJ is a complex region at the transition of the cranium and the cervical spine, essential for maintaining craniocervical stability. In whiplash injuries, the CCJ may be compromised due to underlying ligamentous or, less frequently, osseous, intravertebral disk and/or muscular lesions. Imaging is crucial in detecting acute lesions but may also play a role in the follow-up of chronic pathology because soft tissue lesions and progressive disk pathology could contribute to a whiplash-associated disorder.
Imaging of the Craniocervical Junction: A Pictorial Review
Authors: Mertens Kris , Vanhoenacker Filip M.
Published: October 2023

The craniocervical junction (CCJ) is a complex anatomical structure comprising the occiput, the atlas, and the axis. The CCJ plays an important role in maintaining stability, providing protection, and supporting neurovascular structures. The CCJ can be affected by a wide range of congenital variants and traumatic, degenerative, inflammatory, and tumoral pathologies. This pictorial review the normal anatomy of the CCJ and presents the most common anatomical variants and pathologic conditions affecting the CCJ.
The Role of Sodium and Glucose in the Prognosis of Patients with Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Literature Review of New Evidence
Authors: Dell'Orto Zeferino Campos , Silveira Isadora Valério da , França Larissa da Silva Torres , Medeiros Murillo Sampaio Ferreira , Gomes Talita Cardoso , Pinto Bruno Alves , Oliveira Daniel Gonçalves de , Lopes Gabryell Thiengo , Viana Ivan Magalhães
Published: October 2023

The present study aims to review the influence of glycemia and natremia on the propensity to develop complications, worse prognosis, and mortality risk in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). This is an integrative literature review guided by the guiding question: “Do changes in blood glucose levels or plasma sodium concentration influence in-hospital morbidity and mortality in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage?”. The search for articles was performed on the PubMed platform, limiting the selection to works published in English in the period from 2017 to 2022. The results found demonstrate that the role of sodium ions in changes in the prognosis of patients is complex, with hypernatremia being the main factor described to worse outcomes. In contrast, the part of hyponatremia is controversial and may not have prognostic value, and serum sodium concentration is increasingly an important item to be evaluated in patients with aSAH. As for glucose, the variability of this substrate, both hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia, may be correlated with in-hospital and long-term mortality in patients with aSAH. Thus, the present study concludes that changes in blood glucose values and plasma sodium concentration influence the in-hospital morbidity and mortality of patients with aSAH. However, it is emphasized that the analysis of the independent influence of each of the related predictors must be done with caution due to the heterogeneity of the results found.
Why Na+ has higher propensity than K+ to condense DNA in a crowded environment
Authors: Kolesnikov Egor S. , Gushchin Ivan Yu. , Zhilyaev Petr A. , Onufriev Alexey V.
Published: October 2023

Experimentally, in the presence of the crowding agent polyethylene glycol (PEG), sodium ions compact double-stranded DNA more readily than potassium ions. Here, we have used molecular dynamics simulations and the “ion binding shells model” of DNA condensation to provide an explanation for the observed variations in condensation of short DNA duplexes in solutions containing different monovalent cations and PEG; several predictions are made. According to the model we use, externally bound ions contribute the most to the ion-induced aggregation of DNA duplexes. The simulations reveal that for two adjacent DNA duplexes, the number of externally bound Na+ ions is larger than the number of K+ ions over a wide range of chloride concentrations in the presence of PEG, providing a qualitative explanation for the higher propensity of sodium ions to compact DNA under crowded conditions. The qualitative picture is confirmed by an estimate of the corresponding free energy of DNA aggregation that is at least 0.2kBT per base pair more favorable in solution with NaCl than with KCl at the same ion concentration. The estimated attraction free energy of DNA duplexes in the presence of Na+ depends noticeably on the DNA sequence; we predict that AT-rich DNA duplexes are more readily condensed than GC-rich ones in the presence of Na+. Counter-intuitively, the addition of a small amount of a crowding agent with high affinity for the specific condensing ion may lead to the weakening of the ion-mediated DNA–DNA attraction, shifting the equilibrium away from the DNA condensed phase.
Measuring higher-order moments of neutron-time-of-flight data for cryogenic inertial confinement fusion implosions on OMEGA
Authors: Patel D. , Shah R. C. , Betti R. , Knauer J. P. , Forrest C. J. , Woo K. M. , Gopalaswamy V. , Glebov V. Yu. , Appelbe B. D. , Regan S. P.
Published: October 2023

Ion temperatures serve as an important diagnostic for inertial confinement fusion (ICF) implosions. In direct-drive ICF experiments on OMEGA, neutron-time-of-flight (nTOF) data are used to infer the ion temperature of the fusing plasma produced in the implosion experiment. The analysis of the nTOF data requires an assumption about the shape of the underlying source signal. Since the source nTOF signal is a near-replica of the neutron energy spectrum, an ideal Gaussian shape, corresponding to the neutron energy spectrum of a uniform temperature plasma, is routinely employed. However, spatial and temporal variations of the ion temperature in the plasma give rise to higher-order moments, which were first described by Munro [Nucl. Fusion 56, 036001 (2016)]. In this work, we show a simpler alternative analysis to derive moments of the neutron energy spectrum for a plasma with variations in ion temperature. We also present a revised analysis of measured nTOF signals that uses a model with an additional degree of freedom to take into account the effect of ion temperature variations on the shape of the spectrum. Compared to presently used nTOF analysis, the revised analysis yields on average ≈2× more accurate fits to the data and up to 15% higher ion temperatures for cryogenic experiments. Furthermore, we quantify the ion temperature inflation caused by radially symmetric fluid flows, which are present even in a symmetric implosion, and which serve as a lower bound on the ion temperature inflation in real implosions.
The nonlinearity of scattering waves due to interaction between focusing waves and floating production storage and offloading
Authors: Zhuang Yuan , Zhao Weiwen , Wan Decheng
Published: October 2023

The study of the full-scale wave–structure interaction is essential to our understanding of the nonlinear characteristics of offshore structures in real-sea states. This paper deals with full-scale numerical studies of the interactions between focusing waves and a fixed floating production storage and offloading (FPSO) in an efficient potential-viscous coupled method. The potential-viscous method combines in-house computational fluid dynamics code developed at Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) for naval architecture and ocean engineering (naoe) based on an open field operation and manipulation (FOAM), i.e., naoe-FOAM-SJTU solver, with high-order spectral method. The approach is verified on a model-scaled case and shows reasonably good agreement with experimental data. A phase-separation method and a dynamic mode decomposition method are utilized to extract linear and higher-order harmonic components from the scattering waves. The scattering waves around the FPSO are found to affect the higher-order harmonic components. Two kinds of scale ratios are considered to magnify the focusing wave and FPSO by 10 and 100 times to discuss the scale effect, both non-breaking and green water conditions are included to investigate the flow phenomenon. The harmonic components of scattering waves are not proportional to the scale ratio, and the scale effects influence more on higher-order harmonic components. The third- and fourth-order harmonic components of scattering waves around the FPSO in large-scale cases are obvious.
Tunable dynamic microwave properties of a magnetic skyrmion manipulated by strains
Authors: Yu Chao , Jiao Xiaotian , Zhou Chuhan , Jin Zhaonian , Huang Ruiyu , Guo Longfei , Tao Zhikuo
Published: October 2023

In this paper, we theoretically studied the tunable dynamic microwave properties of a magnetic skyrmion manipulated by strains through micromagnetic simulations. The strains are induced by voltage due to the converse piezoelectric effect and then applied to modulate the dynamic characteristics through the magneto-elastic coupling effect. The tunable dynamic microwave characteristics of a breathing mode and gyration modes are investigated. The resonant frequency of the breathing mode increases abruptly and then decreases slowly with the strain changing from compressive to tensile. A clockwise gyrotropic mode has been obtained, and the resonant frequency keeps increasing with the strain changing from compressive to tensile. In particular, strains can induce different gyrotropic trajectories of the skyrmion driven by an in-plane microwave field. Our results may contribute to the understanding of dynamic properties of skyrmions manipulated by voltage-induced strains and provide a method to realize tunable spintronic microwave devices based on skyrmion.
Reduced resonance frequency and enhanced coupling coefficient in fishtailing magnetoelectric resonator
Authors: Min Shugang , Wang Ruofei , Wang Yanpan , Song Kaixin , Chu Zhaoqiang
Published: October 2023

Reducing the resonance frequency of the first-order longitudinal vibration mode for a bulk magnetoelectric (ME) resonator has been a challenge for very low frequency (VLF) magnetic sensing and transmitting application. In this work, we design and fabricate a fishtailing ME resonator that reduces the anti-resonance frequency from 18.8 to 12.2 kHz and the resonance frequency from 18.2 to 11.5 kHz compared with conventional 1–1 typed resonator. Meanwhile, a significant enhancement of the resonant ME coupling coefficient [from ∼8271 to ∼11 400 V/(cm Oe)] is also realized. Finite element simulation and lumped mass method are used to calculate and analyze the principles of the reduced resonance frequency and the reasons for enhanced coupling performance. The geometry tailoring method in this work is believed to inspire applications of the resonant ME effect at very low frequency.
Investigation on the optical properties of Al nanograting deep-ultraviolet LEDs with rough surface of sapphire
Authors: Li Yi , Ge Mei , Wang Meiyu , Deng Honghai , Guo Xinglong , Zhu Youhua
Published: October 2023

The optical properties of Al nanograting deep ultraviolet LEDs with a rough surface of sapphire are investigated by the finite-difference time-domain simulation. The rough surface of sapphire is characterized by rms amplitude and correlation length. The calculation results indicate that the rough sapphire surface is easier to extract s-polarized light than p-polarized light, which leads to an increase in the polarization degree. When the rms and correlation length are around 150 nm, the light extraction efficiency (LEE) of LED devices can reach a maximum. Compared to the smooth surface condition, the LEE of Al nanograting LEDs with a period of 300 nm is improved by 65.47% at rms = 150 nm and correlation length = 100 nm. This can be attributed to the critical angle of light extraction increasing from ∼23° on a smooth surface to ∼46° on a rough surface. In addition, due to surface plasmon coupling, when the period of Al nanograting is 100–800 nm, the peak intensity of the TE or TM polarized radiation recombination rate is basically 37%–50% higher than that of the control structure with an Al plane.
Ion acoustic solitons at the acoustic speed in a warm negative ion plasma with superthermal electrons
Authors: Mushinzimana X.
Published: October 2023

Using the Sagdeev pseudopotential method, the existence of Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) and non-KdV solitons is investigated in a negative ion plasma comprising adiabatic positive and negative ions and kappa distributed electrons. For some plasma parameter values, the plasma model supports the coexistence of solitons of both polarities. Positive KdV solitons coexist with negative non-KdV solitons at low values of negative to positive ion density ratio, and positive non-KdV solitons coexist with negative KdV solitons at higher values. There is therefore a switch in polarity between positive KdV and negative KdV solitons at a critical value of negative to positive ion density ratio and a switch in polarity between negative non-KdV and positive non-KdV solitons at the same point. At the critical point, there is no soliton at the acoustic speed, although there is coexistence at larger Mach numbers. This confirms that the existence of a soliton at acoustic speed is not a necessary condition for the coexistence of solitons of both polarities. When electrons are strongly non-thermal and the ion temperatures are important, the coexistence region vanishes and the non-KdV solitons disappear with it. It was also found that there is a forbidden region in terms of negative (positive) ion temperatures when the negative (positive) ion temperature increases with the other plasma parameters held fixed.
Adaptive resonance and control of chaos in a new memristive generalized FitzHugh-Nagumo bursting model
Authors: Tagne Nkounga I. B. , Marwan N. , Moukam Kakmeni F. M. , Yamapi R. , Kurths Jürgen
Published: October 2023

In a new memristive generalized FitzHugh–Nagumo bursting model, adaptive resonance (AR), in which the neuron system’s response to a varied stimulus can be improved by the ideal intensity of adaptation currents, is examined. We discovered that, in the absence of electromagnetic induction, there is signal detection at the greatest resonance peak of AR using the harmonic balance approach. For electromagnetic induction’s minor impacts, this peak of the AR is optimized, whereas for its larger effects, it disappears. We demonstrate dependency on adaption strength as a bifurcation parameter, the presence of period-doubling, and chaotic motion regulated and even annihilated by the increase in electromagnetic induction using bifurcation diagrams and Lyapunov exponents at specific resonance frequencies. The suggested system shows the propagation of localized excitations as chaotic or periodic modulated wave packets that resemble breathing structures. By using a quantitative recurrence-based analysis, it is possible to examine these plausible dynamics in the structures of the recurrence plot beyond the time series and phase portraits. Analytical and numerical analyses are qualitatively consistent.
Capacitance spectroscopy of InAs quantum dots inserted in an AlGaAs/GaAs HEMT for photodetector applications
Authors: Fargi Abdelaali , Ghedira Sami , Kalboussi Adel
Published: October 2023

We have investigated the electrical characteristics of an AlGaAs/GaAs high electron mobility transistor, in which a layer of InAs self-assembled Quantum Dots (QDs) was inserted below the 2DEG channel. A Negative Differential Capacitance (NDC) appeared in the capacitance–voltage characteristics at a bias of 1 V and at low temperatures (even at room temperature) under different illumination powers using white light bulbs. This results in an increase in negative differential conductance with the increase in frequency and optical power. This also applies to the NDC except that it decreases with increasing frequency. The numerical simulation of the energy band structure of the device confirmed that the conduction band lowers to its minimum at a special bias value of 1 V. The numerical analysis of the evolution of the energy levels in the QD-HEMT follows the appearance of multiple capacitance peaks and their behavior with the gate voltage.
A-type hydraulic jumps over a negative step: Numerical investigation based on composite modeling and validation
Authors: Wang Hang , Ni Chengyang , Lyu Wenlong , Tang Lian
Published: October 2023

Numerical modeling of the rapid transition at a hydraulic jump is challenging considering the complex coupling between air transportation and turbulence evolution at various length scales. In this paper, the turbulent air–water flow properties in A-type hydraulic jumps over a negative step were investigated and compared to those in classic hydraulic jump numerically. The model solves the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations for mean flow motion, the modified k–ε model for turbulence closure, and an advanced transient model for void fraction distribution. The numerical model was validated by systematically comparing the simulated free-surface profile, time-averaged velocity and void fraction distributions against experimental results developed in parallel to the numerical modeling. The validated model reproduced successfully the basic air-water flow properties, including the formation of a bottom roller in the step cavity below the A-type jumps. The simulation revealed further turbulence characteristics of the aerated flow and their evolution over the abrupt drop. The stepped bottom introduced secondary vorticity in the lower shear layer that enhanced energy dissipation and reduced the bottom boundary shear force, thus providing bed surface protection. It was also able to help with stabilization of the hydraulic jump position by weakening the jump toe oscillation.
Performance analysis of vertical-axis wind turbine clusters: Effect of inter-turbine spacing and turbine rotation
Authors: G Dinesh Kumar Reddy , Verma Mayank , De Ashoke
Published: October 2023

Wind energy has emerged as a viable alternative to fossil fuels, with vertical-axis wind turbines (VAWTs) gaining popularity due to their efficiency and adaptability. Combining the actuator line method (ALM) with large eddy simulation (LES) enables accurate performance evaluations, facilitating the design and optimization of wind turbines. The present study invokes ALM-based methodology to perform calculations for the VAWTs. The results of the LES simulations of the VAWTs have been extensively validated against the available experimental and numerical data. The study further explores a VAWT cluster of three turbines by investigating the influence of turbine spacing (in both inline and staggered configuration) on cluster performance. This study shows that the configuration with a streamwise separation (Xsep) of 0.34 D and a transverse separation (Ysep) of 2.5 D exhibits superior performance to other combinations owing to increased kinetic energy in the wake for the downstream turbines. Furthermore, we have presented the effect of varying the rotation direction (in combinations of Clockwise and Counterclockwise rotation) for the individual turbines in the 3-turbine cluster for the two configurations: inline (Xsep = 0 D, Ysep = 2.5 D) and staggered (Xsep = 0.34 D, Ysep = 2.5 D). Staggered counter-rotating turbine cases show reduced performance compared to co-rotating cases, specifically, the clockwise co-rotating (C-C-C) configuration. In the inline configuration, counter-rotating setups outperform co-rotating ones. Counter-rotation analysis reveals that reducing streamwise separation allows turbines to align in line without sacrificing performance, thereby increasing the power density of the turbine cluster.
A method to extract macroscopic interface data from microscale rough/porous wall flow fields
Authors: Kuchibhotla Vedanth Narayan , Sahoo Sujit Kumar , Sudhakar Y.
Published: October 2023

Performing geometry-resolved simulations of flows over rough and porous walls is highly expensive due to their multiscale characteristics. Effective models that circumvent this difficulty are often used to investigate the interaction between the free-fluid and such complex walls. These models, by construction, employ an intrinsic averaging process and capture only macroscopic physical processes. However, physical experiments or direct simulations yield micro- and macroscale information, and isolating the macroscopic effect from them is crucial for rigorously validating the accuracy of effective models. Despite the increasing use of effective models, this aspect received the least attention in the literature. This paper presents an efficient averaging technique to extract macroscopic interface data from the flow field obtained via direct simulations or physical experiments. The proposed methodology employs a combination of signal processing and polynomial interpolation techniques to capture the macroscopic information. Results from the ensemble averaging are used as the reference to quantify the accuracy of the proposed method. Compared to the ensemble averaging, the proposed method, while retaining accuracy, is cost-effective for rough and porous walls. To the best of our knowledge, this is the only averaging method that works for poroelastic walls, for which the ensemble averaging fails. Moreover, it applies equally to viscous- and inertia-dominated flows over irregular surfaces.
A new extension of linear failure rate distribution with estimation, simulation, and applications
Authors: Alsadat Najwan , Elgarhy Mohammed , Hassan Amal S. , Ahmad Hijaz , El-Hamid Eisa Abd
Published: October 2023

In this article, we provide a new three-parameter model derived from the newly reduced Cauchy power-G family and linked to the linear failure rate model. The truncated Cauchy power linear failure rate (TCPLFR) is the name given to this distribution. The TCPLFR distribution also contains the truncated Cauchy power Rayleigh distribution and the truncated Cauchy power exponential distribution as sub-models. The TCPLFR distribution has rising, falling, and U-shaped hazard rate functions. The distribution characteristics of the TCPLFR are presented. To compute the population parameters’ point and estimated confidence intervals, the maximum likelihood approach is employed. We explore the behavior of the maximum likelihood estimates as well as the estimated confidence intervals for the model parameters using Monte Carlo simulation. To demonstrate the significance and flexibility of the TCPLFR distribution, the Akaike information criterion (D1), Bayesian information criterion (D2), consistent Akaike information criterion (D3), Hannan–Quinn information criterion (D4), and Kolmogorov–Smirnov (D5) statistic with its p-value (D6) were employed. According to a real-world data analysis, the truncated Cauchy power linear failure rate distribution outperforms alternative models with two, three, and four parameters.
Effects of vacancy defects on vibrational properties of Ni–Al
Authors: Lamichhane Saran , Giri Mahesh , Adhikari Narayan Prasad
Published: October 2023

The phonon spectra of Ni, Al, and NiAl, as well as their electronic characteristics, are investigated using density functional theory and density functional perturbation theory. Our research on phonon dispersion has concentrated on every high symmetry point of NiAl, both with and without defects. The phonon gap of NiAl is measured to be 1.78 THz between the lowest value of the optical branch and the top bound of the acoustic branch. The NiAl supercell with a center Al vacancy was built to investigate the effects of defects on its vibrational characteristics. The phonon gap of a NiAl crystal at the center of the Brillouin zone with no defect is calculated to be 1.06 THz. This value of the phonon gap is affected by the Al vacancy defect and decreases by 7.67%. The development of phonon spectrum is investigated using electronic structure and properties. The majority of free electrons accumulated at the Fermi level contribute to promoting the vibration. The importance of a heavier element in a compound has also been explored in terms of gap tuning. Reduced thermal conductivity by narrowing the gap between optical and acoustic modes raises the figure of merit (zT) value, which improves the thermoelectric energy conversion efficiency.
Wetting transitions on superhydrophobic auxetic metamaterials
Authors: Armstrong Steven , McHale Glen , Alderson Andrew , Mandhani Shruti , Meyari Mahya , Wells Gary G. , Carter Emma , Ledesma-Aguilar Rodrigo , Semprebon Ciro
Published: October 2023

Superhydrophobicity plays a pivotal role in numerous applications. Recently, we have demonstrated the potential of auxetic metamaterials in creating superhydrophobic materials with unique wetting properties. However, the superhydrophobic properties are lost when the liquid penetrates into the surface structure. Understanding the conditions for droplet penetration is crucial for advancing wetting control. Here, we experimentally identify the transition from droplet suspension to full-penetration on an auxetic bowtie/honeycomb lattice membrane. We develop a comprehensive physical model surface representing different states of strain, ranging from auxetic to conventional lattice membranes, and consider the wetting as the liquid surface tension is varied using water/ethanol mixtures. By examining the interplay between contact angle and lattice structure, we gain valuable insights into the conditions for droplet suspension and full-penetration. Additionally, we develop a simple touch test to discern whether a droplet has effectively fully penetrated the structure, providing a practical and efficient means of distinguishing the different wetting states (suspended or partially penetrating vs fully penetrating).
The synthesis and manipulation of certain Diels–Alder adducts of levoglucosenone and iso-levoglucosenone
Authors: Pollard Brett , Liu Xin , Connal Luke A. , Banwell Martin G. , Gardiner Michael G.
Published: October 2023

Diels–Alder cycloaddition reactions between the biomass-derived platform molecule levoglucosenone (2) and various cyclic dienes such as α-terpinene produced a range of adducts, including compound 28. Manipulation of these adducts then afforded a series of derivatives. So, for example, reductions of the associated carbonyl groups delivered the corresponding alcohols including compound 29 and on reaction of these with diethylaminosulfur trifluoride rearranged fluorination products such as tetracycle 30 were obtained. An analogous suite of compounds was obtained by manipulation of the Diels–Alder adducts derived from reacting the same dienes with iso-levoglucosenone that was itself obtained through simple manipulation of levoglucosenone. Our earlier studies suggest that various of these derivatives could be used in the production, via ring-opening metathesis polymerisation (ROMP), of new bio-based polymers.
Trajectories through semantic spaces in schizophrenia and the relationship to ripple bursts
Authors: Nour Matthew M. , McNamee Daniel C. , Liu Yunzhe , Dolan Raymond J.
Published: October 2023

Human cognition is underpinned by structured internal representations that encode relationships between entities in the world (cognitive maps). Clinical features of schizophrenia—from thought disorder to delusions—are proposed to reflect disorganization in such conceptual representations. Schizophrenia is also linked to abnormalities in neural processes that support cognitive map representations, including hippocampal replay and high-frequency ripple oscillations. Here, we report a computational assay of semantically guided conceptual sampling and exploit this to test a hypothesis that people with schizophrenia (PScz) exhibit abnormalities in semantically guided cognition that relate to hippocampal replay and ripples. Fifty-two participants [26 PScz (13 unmedicated) and 26 age-, gender-, and intelligence quotient (IQ)-matched nonclinical controls] completed a category- and letter-verbal fluency task, followed by a magnetoencephalography (MEG) scan involving a separate sequence-learning task. We used a pretrained word embedding model of semantic similarity, coupled to a computational model of word selection, to quantify the degree to which each participant’s verbal behavior was guided by semantic similarity. Using MEG, we indexed neural replay and ripple power in a post-task rest session. Across all participants, word selection was strongly influenced by semantic similarity. The strength of this influence showed sensitivity to task demands (category > letter fluency) and predicted performance. In line with our hypothesis, the influence of semantic similarity on behavior was reduced in schizophrenia relative to controls, predicted negative psychotic symptoms, and correlated with an MEG signature of hippocampal ripple power (but not replay). The findings bridge a gap between phenomenological and neurocomputational accounts of schizophrenia.
Human Presenilin-1 delivered by AAV9 rescues impaired γ-secretase activity, memory deficits, and neurodegeneration in
Psen
mutant mice
Authors: Montenegro Paola , Chen Phoenix , Kang Jongkyun , Lee Sang Hun , Leone Sofia , Shen Jie
Published: October 2023

Mutations in the
Presenilin
(
PSEN1
and
PSEN2
) genes are the major cause of early-onset familial Alzheimer’s disease (FAD). Presenilin (PS) is the catalytic subunit of the γ-secretase complex, which cleaves type I transmembrane proteins, such as Notch and the amyloid precursor protein (APP), and plays an evolutionarily conserved role in the protection of neuronal survival during aging. FAD
PSEN1
mutations exhibit impaired γ-secretase activity in cell culture, in vitro, and knockin (KI) mouse brains, and the L435F mutation is the most severe in reducing γ-secretase activity and is located closest to the active site of γ-secretase. Here, we report that introduction of the codon-optimized wild-type human
PSEN1
cDNA by adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9) results in broadly distributed, sustained, low to moderate levels of human PS1 (hPS1) expression and rescues impaired γ-secretase activity in the cerebral cortex of
Psen
mutant mice either lacking PS or expressing the
Psen1
L435F KI allele, as evaluated by endogenous γ-secretase substrates of APP and recombinant γ-secretase products of Notch intracellular domain and Aβ peptides. Furthermore, introduction of hPS1 by AAV9 alleviates impairments of synaptic plasticity and learning and memory in
Psen
mutant mice. Importantly, AAV9 delivery of hPS1 ameliorates neurodegeneration in the cerebral cortex of aged
Psen
mutant mice, as shown by the reversal of age-dependent loss of cortical neurons and elevated microgliosis and astrogliosis. These results together show that moderate hPS1 expression by AAV9 is sufficient to rescue impaired γ-secretase activity, synaptic and memory deficits, and neurodegeneration caused by
Psen
mutations in mouse models.
The Devil is in the schema
Authors: Höder Steffen
Published: October 2023

Swedish swearwords are predominantly religious in origin (e.g.
fan ‘the Devil’, helvete ‘hell’, and
jävlar ‘devils, demons’). The former taboo status of
swearing is still reflected in the existence and productive use of
taboo-avoiding strategies, most notably phonological modification (e.g.
fasen < fan ‘the Devil’,
helsicke < helvete ‘hell’). This
paper discusses such taboo-avoiding strategies from the perspective of
usage-based Construction Grammar. It argues that taboo-avoiding relies on
schematic swearing constructions in combination with radical coercion in
general and on submorphemic coercion in particular: The meaning of a
taboo-avoiding expression is entirely constructional, and the lexical
semantics of the slot-filling items is irrelevant. Evidence for the
cognitive reality of phonologically schematic swearing constructions is
found in a corpus-based analysis of selected taboo-avoiding patterns, which
shows that swearing constructions are not only instantiated by lexicalized
variants, but also used productively, as illustrated by infrequent
types.
Functional hybridity in translation
Authors: Maekelberghe Charlotte , Delaere Isabelle
Published: October 2023

The present study addresses a topic on the crossroads between contrastive linguistics and translation studies as we seek to investigate how the English verbal gerund is used in translated and non-translated English, as well as how it is translated into German and Dutch. Instead of merely analysing frequencies throughout a corpus, we aim to map out usage profiles and translation strategies through a multi-methodological and multifactorial approach, thereby offering a more contextualized approach to the English verbal gerund. On the basis of data from CroCo and DPC, two parallel and comparable corpora for the language pairs English-German and English-Dutch, a set of over 6,000 verbal gerunds was annotated. A hierarchical configural frequency analysis was conducted to uncover different usage profiles or ‘types’ of verbal gerunds. Second, a conditional inference tree and a random forest analysis were modelled to select the best predictors to help distinguish between a nominal or a clausal translation solution. In addition to providing more insight into the status of English verbal gerunds in translation, this paper offers new perspectives on two broader debates in contrastive linguistics and translation studies, viz. the ‘loose-fit’ or ‘tight-fit’ status of constructions and the treatment of unique items respectively.
A politeness-theoretic approach to mitigated disagreements in online radio medical consultations
Authors: Zhao Xin
Published: October 2023

In medical settings, disagreement between doctors and patients frequently occurs, and it is considered a potential trigger to elicit conflicts. Hence, the point of departure for this study is the widely accepted view that these kinds of “face-threatening” and “dispreferred” acts need to be modified. Thus, this study sheds light on analyzing doctor-patient’s discourse in 25 episodes of online radio medical consultation, reporting on Chinese doctors’ mitigated disagreement forms and offering a novel perspective on how Chinese doctors use these mitigated disagreements to turn divergent ideas into alignment with patients in online radio medical consultation. The findings in this study provide preliminary empirical support for the idea that mitigated disagreements can be seen as a sign of relational work and may not destroy but rather strengthen doctor-patient’s relations.
Experimental setup for probing electron-induced chemistry in liquid micro-jets
Authors: Nag Pamir , Ranković Miloš , Schewe H Christian , Rakovský Jozef , Sala Leo , Kočišek Jaroslav , Fedor Juraj
Published: October 2023

We present an experimental setup for probing chemical changes in liquids induced by electron collisions. The setup utilizes a custom-designed electron gun that irradiates a liquid microjet with an electron beam of tunable energy. Products of the electron-induced reactions are analyzed ex-situ. The microjet system enables re-circulation of the liquid and thus multiple irradiation of the same sample. As a proof-of-principle experiment, an aqueous solution of TRIS (2-Amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol) was irradiated by 300 eV electron beam. Optical UV–VIS analysis shows that the electron impact on the liquid surface leads to the production of OH radicals in the solution which are efficiently scavenged by TRIS.
Impurity outward particle flux from externally applied torque
Authors: Fable E , Angioni C ,   the ASDEX Upgrade Team
Published: October 2023

In this work a term in the impurity particle flux expression, which arises from the externally applied angular momentum torque, is rederived and analyzed in detail. This contribution to the species particle flux is found to be directed outward for co-current injected torque in conditions pertinent to present devices, which could explain the increasing hollowness of light impurity density profiles observed experimentally as neutral beam injected power is increased. This result is obtained by revisiting the fluid framework to compute the particle flux of a generic ion species.
Transient research on distribution networks incorporating superconducting cables utilizing field–circuit coupling method
Authors: Li Xianhao , Tang Yuejin , Ren Li , Huang Hongyi , Shi Jing , Wang Zhenzi , Yu Peng , Li Zhonghang , Wang Zhe , Zhang Anlong , Xu Ying
Published: October 2023

High temperature superconducting (HTS) cable represents a promising solution for fulfilling the power demands of cities with large loads and high density. However, due to their connection to the distribution network, HTS cables are vulnerable to fault currents exceeding ten times their rated current, which poses a serious threat to both the safety of the cable and the operation of the grid. Considering the highly nonlinear nature of superconducting conductivity, this study develops a field–circuit coupling model to investigate the transient characteristics of distribution networks incorporating superconducting cables (DNSC). Firstly, a finite element model based on the two-dimensional
H
formulation was built to calculate the electrical and thermal parameters of the HTS cable. Subsequently, an equivalent circuit model of the distribution network was employed to estimate the short-circuit currents. Communicating via a co-simulation server, the superconducting cable current and distribution network impedance were updated in each step. Further, based on an actual DNSC system in Shenzhen, China, the highest quenching temperature of the cable and the maximum fault current of busbars were assessed. Finally, by integrating current limiters into the system, the withstand capability of the cable and busbars was determined, which indicates that the improved protection configuration can effectively suppress fault currents and ensure safe operation. Successfully applied to an actual distribution network, the co-simulation model utilizing the field–circuit coupling method addresses the challenges of solving highly nonlinear and time-varying systems, enabling transient analysis and protection research for the integration of superconducting devices into the conventional grid.
A sulfurization method for creating the buffer-layers current flow diverter architecture in REBa2Cu3O7 coated conductors
Authors: Barusco P , Giguère J , Lacroix C , Sirois F , Granados X , Puig T , Obradors X
Published: October 2023

The current flow diverter (CFD) is a known concept that has proven to effectively reduce the probability of destructive hot spots in REBa2Cu3O7 (REBCO; RE = rare earth) coated conductors (CCs) by boosting the normal zone propagation velocity. However, the implementation of the CFD concept requires additional steps in a fabrication process that is already complex and has struggled to find a simple reel-to-reel fabrication method. This work reports on the details of a fabrication route for the buffer-layers-CFD (bCFD) architecture using a solid-vapor silver sulfurization technique to tune the geometry of the metal stabilizer in the high-temperature superconductor tape. The analysis of the microstructure and superconducting properties of the Ag2S/Ag/GdBCO trilayer processed under different conditions shows how we achieved a new customized functional CC with the bCFD architecture. In DC limitation experiments, this bCFD-sulfide architecture allowed to generate an electric potential much faster than the conventional architecture (60 V s−1 vs. 1.2 V s−1) thanks to the strong enhancement of the NPZV.
Dynamical features and sensitivity visualization of thin-film Polarisation equation
Authors: Fatima Samara , Abbas Naseem , Muhammad Shah
Published: October 2023

The present investigation describes the dynamical behavior, multi-stability, and traveling wave solutions of thin-film polarisation equations (TFPE) which describes the propagation of waves in thin-film ferroelectric materials. The extended direct algebraic technique is used to construct the traveling wave patterns. Visual representations of a few randomly selected solutions are provided for physical comprehension. The ordinary differential equation can be expressed in the planar dynamical system using the Galilean transformation. Using various initial conditions for the unperturbed dynamical system, phase portraits with various sorts of trajectories are created. Additionally, the Runge-Kutta method is used to plot nonlinear periodic waves and super nonlinear waves. Additionally, the Hamiltonian function for this undisturbed dynamical system is computed and shown. It also included the source term with amplitude and frequency parameters for the chaotic and quasi-periodic behaviors, and the system is also stated in the non-autonomous form. For the dynamical system under investigation, multi-stability is also thoroughly described. Furthermore, a full inspection of the sensitivity of the perturbed dynamical structure under various initial conditions has been conducted.