bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, NMR and Vibrational Spectroscopic Characterization, and Computational Study of the cis‐IO2F32‐ Anion.
Authors: Mack Johnathan P. , Boatz Jerry A. , Gerken Michael
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Photoreaction Using Diphenyl Disulfide Derivatives: Photoinduced Oxidation of Allyl Alcohol.
Authors: Tsuboi Takaaki , Takaguchi Yutaka , Tsuboi Sadao
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Entry to Optically Active anti‐ and syn‐β‐Amino‐α‐trifluoromethyl Alcohols.
Authors: Fustero Santos , Albert Laia , Acena Jose Luis , Sanz‐Cervera Juan F. , Asensio Amparo
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Concise Preparation of 2,2‐Difluorohomopropargyl Carbonyl Derivatives. Application to the Synthesis of 4,4‐Difluoroisoquinolinone Congeners.
Authors: Arimitsu Satoru , Fernandez Begona , del Pozo Carlos , Fustero Santos , Hammond Gerald B.
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Metalated Nitriles: Internal 1,2‐Asymmetric Induction.
Authors: Fleming Fraser F. , Liu Wang , Ghosh Somraj , Steward Omar W.
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Mo(CO)6‐ and [Rh(CO)2Cl]2‐Catalyzed Allenic Cyclocarbonylation Reactions of Alkynones: Efficient Access to Bicyclic Dienediones.
Authors: Brummond Kay M. , Chen Daitao
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Boron‐Substituted Difluorocyclopropanes: New Building Blocks of gem‐Difluorocyclopropanes.
Authors: Fujioka Yasutaka , Amii Hideki
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Rh(II)‐Catalyzed Sommelet—Hauser Rearrangement.
Authors: Liao Mingyi , Peng Lingling , Wang Jianbo
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Simultaneous Reduction of Nitro‐ to Amino‐Group in the Palladium‐Catalyzed Suzuki Cross‐Coupling Reaction.
Authors: Wang Heng‐Shan , Wang Ying‐Chun , Pan Ying‐Ming , Zhao Shu‐Lin , Chen Zhen‐Feng
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Alkylation of Pyrrole with 2‐Benzylidenemalononitriles Catalyzed by Cu(OTf)2.
Authors: Tasgin Dilek I. , Temelli Baris , Yazici Arife , Aytac Sertan , Unaleroglu Canan
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 3‐Indolecarboxylic Acid Derivatives.
Authors: Soederberg Bjoern C. G. , Banini Serge R. , Turner Michael R. , Minter Aaron R. , Arrington Amanda K.
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Multicomponent Reactions for the Synthesis of New 3′‐Indolyl Substituted Heterocycles under Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Zhu Song‐Lei , Ji Shun‐Jun , Zhao Kai , Liu Yu
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile and Efficient Synthesis of Highly Functionalized 3,3′‐Dispiropyrrolidine‐ and 3,3′‐Dispiropyrrolizidine Bisoxindoles via [3 + 2] Cycloaddition.
Authors: Shanmugam Ponnusamy , Viswambharan Baby , Selvakumar Kodirajan , Madhavan Suchithra
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Active and Robust Organic—Inorganic Hybrid Catalyst for the Synthesis of Cyclic Carbonates from Carbon Dioxide and Epoxides.
Authors: Sakai Takashi , Tsutsumi Yoshihiro , Ema Tadashi
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile One‐Pot Synthesis of 5‐Substituted Hydantoins.
Authors: Murray Ross G. , Whitehead David M. , Le Strat Franck , Conway Stuart J.
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxazolinethiones and Oxazolidinethiones for the First Copper‐Catalyzed Desulfurative Cross‐Coupling Reaction and First Sonogashira Applications.
Authors: Silva Sandrina , Sylla Balla , Suzenet Franck , Tatibouet Arnaud , Rauter Amelia P. , Rollin Patrick
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Syntheses of Clausamines A—C (I) and Clausevatine D (II).
Authors: Lebold Terry P. , Kerr Michael A.
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Circumdatin I, a New Ultraviolet‐A Protecting Benzodiazepine Alkaloid from a Marine Isolate of the Fungus Exophiala.
Authors: Zhang Dahai , Yang Xiudong , Kang Jung Sook , Choi Hong Dae , Son Byeng Wha
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New Seco‐Milbemycins from Streptomyces bingchenggensis: Fermentation, Isolation amd Structure Elucidation.
Authors: Xiang Wen‐Sheng , Wang Ji‐Dong , Fan Hong‐Mei , Wang Xiang‐Jing , Zhang Ji
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Size Dependence of Structures and Properties of Magnetic Materials
Authors: Jiang Q. , Lang X. Y.
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Defect Chemistry of Titanium Dioxide. Application of Defect Engineering in Processing of TiO2‐Based Photocatalysts
Authors: Nowotny M. K. , Sheppard L. R. , Bak T. , Nowotny J.
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Effect of Pitavastatin on Macrophage Cholesterol Metabolism
Authors: Akisato Yoshie , Ishii Itsuko , Kitahara Masaki , Tamaki Taro , Saito Yasushi , Kitada Mitsukazu
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanographenes as Active Components of Single‐Molecule Electronics and How a Scanning Tunneling Microscope Puts them to Work
Authors: Muellen Klaus , Rabe Juergen P.
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Single‐Molecule and Single‐Nanoparticle SERS: From Fundamental Mechanisms to Biomedical Applications
Authors: Qian X.‐M. , Nie S. M.
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Tip‐Enhanced Raman Scattering
Authors: Bailo Elena , Deckert Volker
Published: July 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Synthesis and Spectroscopic Characterization of Organophosphono Derivatives of Lindqvist Niobotungstates – X‐ray Crystal Structures of (nBu4N)3[NbW10O38(RP)2] (R = nBu, Hep and Ph)
Authors: Driss Hafedh , Boubekeur Kamal , Debbabi Mongi , Thouvenot René
Published: July 2008

A series of organophosphonopolyoxoniobotungstates [NbW10O38(RP)2]3– {R = Me (1), Et (2), Pr (3), nBu (4), Hex (5), Hep (6), Cy (7), Ph (8), All (9)} has been prepared by the reaction of (nBu4N)3[NbW5O19] with the appropriate organophosphono dichloride, RP(O)Cl2. All of the products were characterized by infrared and multinuclear (31P and 183W) NMR spectroscopy. Compounds 4, 6 and 8 were characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The hybrid anions [NbW10O38(RP)2]3– are made up of two W5O18 subunits, which can be viewed as monovacant derivatives of the niobotungstate precursor linked by a {Nb(OPR)2} group.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Optically Active Mixed Unsymmetric Imine Platinum(II) Complexes – Utilization of the Liberated Imines for Further Syntheses of Mixed Imine‐Diazadiene Complexes and of (E)‐Cyanoalkenes
Authors: Lasri Jamal , Guedes da Silva M. Fátima C. , Charmier M. Adília Januário , Pombeiro Armando J. L.
Published: July 2008

Treatment of trans‐[PtCl2(NCR)2] (1) {R = CH2CO2Me (1a), Ph (1b)} with (R*)‐camphor oxime (C9H16)C=NOH (2) gives access to the optically active mixed imine‐nitrile complexes trans‐(R*)‐[PtCl2{NH=C(R)ON=C(C9H16)}(NCR)] (4), which, on reaction with ketoximes R1R2C=NOH (3) {R1 = R2 = Me (3a), C4H8 (3b)}, give the chiral unsymmetric bis(imine) complexes trans‐(R*)‐[PtCl2{NH=C(R)ON=C(C9H16)}{NH=C(R)ON=CR1R2}] (6) in moderate yields. An alternative route involves the reaction of the starting complexes 1 with ketoximes 3 to give the mixed imine‐nitrile complexes trans‐[PtCl2{NH=C(R)ON=CR1R2}(NCR)] (5), followed by reaction of the latter with (R*)‐camphor oxime (2) to afford products 6 in similar yields. Treatment of complexes 1 or 4 with two or one equivalent of 2, respectively, gives the symmetrical bis(imine) complexes trans‐[PtCl2{NH=C(R)ON=C(C9H16)}2] (7). These reactions are accelerated by microwave irradiation to afford, in better yields (71–50 %), the same products. The new optically active diimine compounds NH=C(R)ON=C(C9H16) (8) are quantitatively liberated upon reaction of complexes 7 with a diphosphane. The chiral diimino ester 8a (R = CH2CO2Me) acts as a protic nucleophile and efficiently couples with the coordinated nitrile in 4 to give the new optically active, mixed, unsymmetric imine‐1,3‐diaza‐1,3‐diene complexes trans‐(R*,R*)‐[PtCl2{NH=C(R)ON=C(C9H16)}{NH=C(R)N=C(CH2CO2Me)ON=C(C9H16)}] (9). Diimino ester 8a with an acidic α‐methylene group also reacts with acyclic nitrones –O+N(Me)=C(H)R′ (10) to afford stereoselectively the (E)‐cyanoalkenes (N≡C)C(CO2Me)=C(H)R′ (11) {R′ = 4‐MeC6H4 (11a), 2,4,6‐Me3C6H2 (11b)}. All of these compounds were characterized by IR and NMR (1H, 13C, and 195Pt for metal complexes) spectroscopy, ESI‐MS or FAB‐MS, elemental analysis, and X‐ray diffraction analysis (for 5c and 7b). (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Self‐Assembled Two‐Dimensional Water‐Soluble Dipicolinate Cu/Na Coordination Polymer: Structural Features and Catalytic Activity for the Mild Peroxidative Oxidation of Cycloalkanes in Acid‐Free Medium
Authors: Kirillova Marina V. , Kirillov Alexander M. , Guedes da Silva M. Fátima C. , Pombeiro Armando J. L.
Published: July 2008

The new water‐soluble 2D Cu/Na coordination polymer [Cu(μ‐dipic)2{Na2(μ‐H2O)4}]n·2nH2O (1) has been synthesized by self‐assembly in aqueous medium from copper(II) nitrate, dipicolinic acid (H2dipic) and sodium hydroxide in the presence of triethanolamine. It has been characterized by IR spectroscopy, FAB+‐MS, elemental and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses, the latter featuring a layered 2D metal–organic structure that is extended to a 3D supramolecular assembly by extensive hydrogen bonding between adjacent layers and involving crystallization water molecules. Compound 1 has been shown to act as a catalyst precursor for the peroxidative oxidation of cyclohexane and cyclopentane to the corresponding cyclic ketones and alcohols by aqueous H2O2 in MeCN solution and in the absence of acid additives.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Chiral Diphosphite‐Modified Rhodium(0) Nanoparticles: Catalyst Reservoir for Styrene Hydroformylation
Authors: Axet M. Rosa , Castillón Sergio , Claver Carmen , Philippot Karine , Lecante Pierre , Chaudret Bruno
Published: July 2008

The organometallic synthesis of rhodium nanoparticles stabilized with diphosphite ligands is described. These nanoparticles were investigated as catalysts in the styrene hydroformylation reaction, and their activity and selectivity were compared with those of similar molecular complexes. NMR spectroscopic studies performed during the course of the catalytic reaction showed that the synthesized nanoparticles are not stable and produce molecular species. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Poverty alleviation and the industrial employment of women (the case of Nepal)
Authors: Acharya Sanjaya
Published: July 2008

This paper analyses the Nepalese industrial labour market using macroeconomic data and explores a strategy for poverty reduction along with the promotion of industrial employment of women. It concludes that basic poverty indices for Nepal are highly dependent on the capital labour ratio (CLR) and the growth rate of wages in the industrial sector. Moreover, the growth of women's employment in manufacturing industries supports the reduction of the poverty gap (PG) and income inequality among the poor as well as among the whole population. Furthermore, the two major Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), poverty reduction and the promotion of women's employment in the industrial sector, are proved complementary to each other. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simultaneous determination of thirteen plant alkaloids in a human specimen by SPE and HPLC
Authors: Pietsch Jörg , Günther Jana , Henle Thomas , Dreßler Jan
Published: July 2008

A new screening method for the simultaneous determination of thirteen plant alkaloids (aconitine, anabasine, atropine, brucine, colchicine, cotinine, cytisine, harmine, ibogaine, nicotine, scopolamine, strychnine, yohimbine) in a human specimen was developed based on solid‐phase extraction and reversed‐phase liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection. The validated method enables selective identification as well as accurate and sensitive quantification. The analysis of forensic and clinical samples emphasizes the applicability for intoxications and drug abuse, as well as for compliance control.
Acute bilateral macular oedema secondary to hypoalbuminaemia in a patient with type 1 diabetes and coeliac disease
Authors: Elmalti A , Hammond P
Published: July 2008

Macular oedema is a serious sight‐threatening type of retinopathy which results from hyperpermeability of retinal vasculature with subsequent formation of macular oedema. Various ophthalmic and non‐ophthalmic disorders are known to precipitate the condition leading to visual loss; untreated this could lead to permanent loss of vision. Among the systemic disorders, diabetes is the most common aetiology. Vasculitis, various drugs and hypoalbuminaemia are also known to cause macular oedema. We describe a patient with type 1 diabetes and background retinopathy who developed acute bilateral macular oedema resulting from severe hypoalbuminaemia due to coeliac disease. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons.
Cross‐sectional study into quality of life issues surrounding insulin pump use in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Barnard KD , Skinner TC
Published: July 2008

This study aimed to determine whether continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) is associated with improved quality of life (QoL) in routine care in the UK.

We conducted a multiple cohort survey study of individuals with type 1 diabetes (matched for age, gender and frequency of blood glucose testing) using either CSII or multiple daily insulin injections (MDI). The World Health Organization QoL abbreviated questionnaire (WHOQOL‐BREF), the Insulin Delivery System Rating Questionnaire (IDSRQ), the Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale (PAID), and the Hypoglycaemia Fear Scale (HFS) were used to assess QoL.

In all, 642 people with type 1 diabetes returned questionnaires: 228 insulin pump users, 332 people using MDI and 82 using non‐intensive insulin delivery. After controlling for confounding variables, CSII users reported that their treatment is more helpful (IDSRQ F = 38.41, p<0.001), that it generates less worry (IDSRQ F = 6.26, p<0.05), and that they are less likely to use hypoglycaemia avoidance behaviours (HFS F = 4.67, p<0.05) and have fewer food‐related problems (PAID p<0.01).

In conclusion, even after controlling for self‐care motivation, duration of current therapy and socio‐economic environment, individuals using CSII reported better QoL than a matched cohort of individuals managing their diabetes using MDI. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons.
Structural properties of simulated amorphous GeO2 nanoparticles
Authors: Hoang Vo Van , Anh Nguyen Huynh Tuan , Zung Hoang
Published: July 2008

Structural properties of amorphous GeO2 nanoparticles have been studied by using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Four models with different sizes of 2, 3, 4 and 5 nm have been obtained by cooling from the melt via the MD method under nonperiodic boundary conditions. We used the interatomic potentials that have a weak Coulomb interaction and Morse‐type short‐range interaction. Structural properties of amorphous nanoparticles obtained at 300 K have been analyzed in detail through the partial radial distribution functions (PRDFs), mean interatomic distances, coordination number and bond‐angle distributions compared with those observed for the bulk counterpart. Moreover, the radial density profile in nanoparticles was found and discussed. Calculations showed that size effects on structure of amorphous GeO2 nanoparticles are significant in that if the size is larger than 3 nm amorphous GeO2 nanoparticle has a distorted tetrahedral network structure with the mean coordination number ZGe–O ≈ 4.0 and ZO–Ge ≈ 2.0 like those observed in the bulk counterpart. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Buried emitter solar cell structures: Decoupling of metallisation geometry and carrier collection geometry of back contacted solar cells
Authors: Harder Nils‐Peter , Mertens Verena , Brendel Rolf
Published: July 2008

We present a novel solar cell structure, the “buried emitter solar cell”. This concept is designed for decoupling the metallisation geometry from the geometry of the carrier collecting p–n junction in back‐contacted (and in particular back‐junction) solar cells without requiring electrical insulation by dielectric layers. The most prominent features of this device structure are a carrier collecting emitter that covers close to 100% of the total cell area and an effective electrical insulation between emitter and base metallisation via a p+–n+ junction. The experimental results presented in this paper report a 19.5% efficient “buried emitter solar cell”, where 50% of the solar cell's rear side exhibit a p+–n+ junction. This preparation technique implies covering a boron‐doped p‐type emitter with an n‐type surface layer that can be efficiently surface‐passivated by thermal oxidation. All structuring of this cell has been performed by laser processing without any photo‐lithography. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Nephronophthisis
Authors: Salomon Rémi , Saunier Sophie , Niaudet Patrick
Published: July 2008

Nephronophthisis (NPH) is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by a chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis that progress to terminal renal failure during the second decade (juvenile form) or before the age of 5 years (infantile form). In the juvenile form, a urine concentration defect starts during the first decade, and a progressive deterioration of renal function is observed in the following years. Kidney size may be normal, but loss of corticomedullary differentiation is often observed, and cysts occur usually after patients have progressed to end-stage renal failure. Histologic lesions are characterized by tubular basement membrane anomalies, tubular atrophy, and interstitial fibrosis. The infantile form is characterized by cortical microcysts and progression to end-stage renal failure before 5 years of age. Some children present with extrarenal symptoms: retinitis pigmentosa (Senior-Løken syndrome), mental retardation, cerebellar ataxia, bone anomalies, or liver fibrosis. Positional cloning and candidate gene approaches led to the identification of eight causative genes (NPHP1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9) responsible for the juvenile NPH and one gene NPHP2 for the infantile form. NPH and associated disorders are considered as ciliopathies, as all NPHP gene products are expressed in the primary cilia, similarly to the polycystic kidney disease (PKD) proteins.
Molecular diagnosis of German patients with late‐onset glycogen storage disease type II
Authors: Joshi P. R. , Gläser D. , Schmidt S. , Vorgerd M. , Winterholler M. , Eger K. , Zierz S. , Deschauer M.
Published: July 2008

In patients with late‐onset glycogen storage disease type II, one mutation, c.−32−13T>G, in the α‐glucosidase (GAA) gene is identified frequently in European populations from different regions along with many rarer mutations. We have performed molecular genetic investigations in 18 German index patients with late‐onset disease. The c.−32−13T>G, c.525delT (p.Glu176fsX45), and c.2481+102_2646+31del mutations were detected by PCR/restriction enzyme digest. Other mutations were detected by sequencing. All patients were compound heterozygous and 17 patients harboured the c.−32−13T>G mutation. Seven other previously described mutations (including the c.−32−13T>G) were identified, of which the p.C103G (c.307T>G) and the c.2481+102_2646+31del mutations were present each in three unrelated patients. Sequencing revealed five novel mutations. Conclusions: Genetic testing was able to identify the genetic defects in all patients and screening of the c.−32−13T>G mutation identified 94% of the cases. This is important for quick and reliable diagnosis, especially in view of enzyme replacement. Among the rarer mutations, c.2481+102_2646+31del and p.C103G are rather frequent in Germany.
Alpine dandelions originated in the native and introduced range differ in their responses to environmental constraints
Authors: Quiroz Constanza L. , Choler Philippe , Baptist Florence , González‐Teuber Marcia , Molina‐Montenegro Marco A. , Cavieres Lohengrin A.
Published: July 2008

Few studies have compared the response of native and invasive populations under stressful conditions. Furthermore, there is little consensus as to whether a plastic response is related to invasiveness in stressful environments. Exotic species have recently been reported in the high Andes of central Chile, where individuals have to cope with drought and poor soils, in addition to extreme temperatures. We explored if the exotic species Taraxacum officinale (dandelion) has plastic responses to soil moisture and nutrient availability, and whether two sets of alpine populations derived from native and introduced populations can converge to similar plastic responses to environmental constraints. Using a common garden approach, we compared plants grown from seeds collected in alpine populations of its native range (Alps, France) and in alpine populations of its introduced range (Andes, Chile) under a drought experiment, a potassium gradient, and a nitrogen gradient. Plasticity was only found as a response to drought. Moreover, different responses were found between both origins. Andean individuals are drought‐resistant, while individuals from the Alps were drought‐sensitive. According to the nutrient experiments, Andean dandelions behave as a nitrogen demanding‐potassium avoiding species, whereas individuals from the Alps did not show any particular dependency or repulsion tendency to either of these two nutrients. Results suggest that differences in life history traits of both derived sets of populations may have an important role in determining the response of dandelions under the evaluated conditions. However, the relative importance of genetic adaptation in these responses is still unclear. Although T. officinale is a cosmopolite weed, this is the first study that compares individuals coming from its native and invaded range under stressful conditions.
Effect of Sulfur Concentration on the Morphology of Carbon Nanofibers Produced from a Botanical Hydrocarbon
Authors: Ghosh Pradip , Soga Tetsuo , Ghosh Kaushik , Jimbo Takashi , Katoh Ryoji , Sumiyama Kenji , Ando Yoshinori
Published: July 2008

Carbon nanofibers (CNF) with diameters of 20–130 nm with different morphologies were obtained from a botanical hydrocarbon: Turpentine oil, using ferrocene as catalyst source and sulfur as a promoter by simple spray pyrolysis method at 1,000 °C. The influence of sulfur concentration on the morphology of the carbon nanofibers was investigated. SEM, TEM, Raman, TGA/DTA, and BET surface area were employed to characterize the as-prepared samples. TEM analysis confirms that as-prepared CNFs have a very sharp tip, bamboo shape, open end, hemispherical cap, pipe like morphology, and metal particle trapped inside the wide hollow core. It is observed that sulfur plays an important role to promote or inhibit the CNF growth. Addition of sulfur to the solution of ferrocene and turpentine oil mixture was found to be very effective in promoting the growth of CNF. Without addition of sulfur, carbonaceous product was very less and mainly soot was formed. At high concentration of sulfur inhibit the growth of CNFs. Hence the yield of CNFs was optimized for a given sulfur concentration.
Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of the Essential Oils of Two Saltcedar Species from Tunisia
Authors: Saïdana Dhouha , Mahjoub Samia , Boussaada Olfa , Chriaa Jihane , Mahjoub Mohamed Ali , Chéraif Imed , Daami Majda , Mighri Zine , Helal Ahmed Noureddine
Published: July 2008

The chemical composition of the volatile constituents from the flowering parts of Suaeda fructicosa and Limonium echioides were analysed by GC‐FID and GC‐MS. Sixty‐five compounds were identified in L. echioides aerial parts. 48 out of 65 were found common to the aerial part of S. fructicosa. Palmitic acid was found as a predominant compound in both tested halophytic oils. Furthermore, the essential oil was tested against six bacteria and four fungi at different concentrations. Both oils, tested at 0.5 and 0.8 mg ml−1, inhibited the visible growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Micrococcus luteus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium, but no antibacterial effect was detected against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Additionally, both halophytic oils failed to show antifungal activity against all the test fungi when applied at 80, 200 and 500 μg/disc.
Characterization and Immobilization of Marine Algal 11‐Lipoxygenase from Ulva fasciata
Authors: Tsai Cheng Jung , Li Wu Feng , Pan Bonnie Sun
Published: July 2008

The lipoxygenase (LOX) of the marine green alga Ulva fasciata was purified and immobilized in order to improve the stability and reusability. The algal LOX was partially purified by fractionation with 35–55% saturation of ammonium sulfate and MacroPrep high Q anion exchange chromatography. The LOX was purified ten times using linoleic acid (C18:2) or arachidonic acid (C20:4) as substrate, the Michaelis constant (Km) of LOX was 117.6, 31.3 μM, and maximum velocity (Vmax) was 12.8, 23.3 μmol hydroperoxy fatty acid/min‐mg protein, respectively. The algal LOX showed the highest activity towards C18:4 followed by C20:4, C18:2 and methyl ester of C18:4. LOX activity increased up to 10.5 times with increased concentration of Triton X‐100 in the extraction medium reaching an optimum at 0.05%. Calcium chloride, glutathione and phenylmethylsulphonyl fluoride were found effective protectants to LOX during purification. Hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HpETE) formed from arachidonic acid catalyzed by this purified algal LOX was reduced and identified as 11‐hydroxy‐5,8,12,14‐eicosatetraenoic acid (11‐HETE) by NP‐HPLC and GC–MS. This algal 11‐LOX was immobilized in alginate beads. The stability was sevenfold greater than that of the unbound lipoxygenase at 4 °C in 0.05 M Tris–HCl buffer (pH 7.5). This is the first report on immobilization of a marine algal lipoxygenase with a view to its potential role in seafood flavor formation.
The Use of a Eutectic Mixture of Olive Pomace Oil Fatty Amides to Easily Prepare Sulfated Amides Applied as Lime Soap Dispersants
Authors: Rais Faicel , Baati Rochdi , Damak Nesrin , Kamoun Amel , Chaabouni Moncef
Published: July 2008

Sulfated diethanolamides of fatty acids are known to be effective lime soap dispersing agents. However, their preparation from fatty acids via fatty amides requires the use of organic solvents due to the high viscosity of both fatty amides and sulfated fatty amides. This study shows that the preparation of sulfated fatty amides is relatively easy when using olive pomace oil as the raw material. The latter, is converted into sulfated fatty amides by performing the following steps: saponification, hydrolysis, esterification, amidation, and sulfation. In the final step, the mixture obtained has sufficient fluidity, due to its high linoleic acid amide content, to obviate the use of organic solvents, as usually suggested in the literature. Characterization of the product was carried out by chemical analyses, FTIR, 13C NMR, GC, and HPLC. It was shown that the yield of the amidation reaction is about 80%, and that of the sulfation reaction can exceed 100% against the pure amide (more than one sulfate group could be linked to one amide molecule). On the other hand, the Borghetty test showed that the product is an effective dispersant with a lime soap dispersing power equal to five.
Un livre placé sous le signe du malentendu
Authors: Pedler Emmanuel
Published: July 2008

La Sociologie de la musique de Max Weber est un ouvrage techniquement complexe. Il est également le résultat d'une démarche difficile à retracer et qui se prête au malentendu. Weber vise à reconstituer les forces indissociables - recherche d'expression, rationalisation et, marginalement, luttes pour le prestige- qui ont conduit à l'élaboration des matériaux dont la musique se compose. Les lectures musicologiques du texte, pourtant les mieux armées pour en comprendre les subtilités, en ont simplifié l'argumentation pour ne voir dans la rationalisation qu'un simple processus fonctionnel. Elles ont échoué à saisir la démarche analytique de Weber qui garde aujourd'hui toute sa pertinence.
« À Plusieurs Voix »
Authors: Arom Simha
Published: July 2008

En incluant dans sa typologie de la plurivocalité les musiques dites exotiques, Weber, dès les années 1910, adopte une perspective universaliste - ce qui, pour l'époque, était inhabituel. Près d'un siècle plus tard, un ethnomusicologue se livre à une lecture critique du chapitre qui leur est consacré dans la Sociologie de la musique. La confrontation de la classification wébérienne avec les typologies les plus récentes fait apparaître que presque tout y converge. Si certains points théoriques appellent des réserves, il n'en demeure pas moins que Weber était un précurseur
Exercise‐induced biphasic increase in circulating NT‐proBNP levels in patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Conraads Viviane M.A. , De Maeyer Cathérine , Beckers Paul , Possemiers Nadine , Martin Manuella , Van Hoof Viviane , Vrints Christiaan J.
Published: July 2008

Background:

Exercise increases natriuretic peptide levels in chronic heart failure (CHF) patients, but the effect is considered minor. We assessed acute and short‐term release (<24 h) of NT‐proBNP in CHF patients after a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) and 2 different submaximal training sessions.

Methods and results

102 CHF patients either performed CPET (Group 1), a 1 h endurance (Group 2) or a combined endurance–resistance training session (Group 3). NT‐proBNP concentration was determined before, at exercise cessation and after 18–22 h (Protocol A). In 20 patients, samples were obtained before, at exercise cessation, after 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 min, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 12, 22 h (Protocol B).

Protocol A:

At peak exercise, a 15%, 11% and 17% relative increase (p<0.001 vs baseline, all 3 groups) was seen, with a return to baseline after 18–22 h. The increase correlated with indicators of more advanced heart failure.

Protocol B:

A biphasic pattern was derived with a first peak within 1 h of exercise termination and a second peak (39%, 31% and 33% higher than baseline; p<0.05, all 3 groups) after 4–12 h.

Conclusions:

The observed biphasic release of B‐type natriuretic peptides supports standardization of sampling, taking recent exercise into account.
Timing and cause of water level fluctuations in Kluane Lake, Yukon Territory, over the past 5000 years
Authors: Brahney Janice , Clague John J. , Menounos Brian , Edwards Thomas, W.D.
Published: July 2008

We reconstructed late Holocene fluctuations of Kluane Lake in Yukon Territory from variations in bulk physical properties and carbon and nitrogen elemental and isotopic abundances in nine sediment cores. Fluctuations of Kluane Lake in the past were controlled by changes in climate and glaciers, which affected inflow of Slims and Duke rivers, the two largest sources of water flowing into the lake. Kluane Lake fluctuated within a narrow range, at levels about 25 m below the present datum, from about 5000 to 1300 cal yr BP. Low lake levels during this interval are probably due to southerly drainage of Kluane Lake to the Pacific Ocean, opposite the present northerly drainage to Bering Sea. Slims River, which today is the largest contributor of water to Kluane Lake, only rarely flowed into the lake during the period 5000 to 1300 cal yr BP. The lake rose 7–12 m between 1300 and 900 cal yr BP, reached its present level around AD 1650, and within a few decades had risen an additional 12 m. Shortly thereafter, the lake established a northern outlet and fell to near its present level.
Biomarkers of copper status: a brief update
Authors: Harvey Linda J. , McArdle Harry J.
Published: July 2008

The essentiality of copper (Cu) in humans is demonstrated by various clinical features associated with deficiency, such as anaemia, hypercholesterolaemia and bone malformations. Despite significant effort over several decades a sensitive and specific Cu status biomarker has yet to be identified. The present article updates a comprehensive review recently published by the authors which assesses the reliability and robustness of current biomarkers and outlines the on-going search for novel indicators of status(1). The essential features of this earlier review are reiterated whilst considering whether there are other approaches, not yet tested, which may provide valuable information in the quest for an appropriate measure of copper status. Current biomarkers include a range of cuproenzymes such as the acute phase protein caeruloplasmin and Cu-Zn-superoxide dismutase all of which are influenced by a range of other dietary and environmental factors. A recent development is the identification of the Cu chaperone, CCS as a potential biomarker; although its reliability has yet to be established. This appears to be the most promising potential biomarker, responding to both Cu deficiency and excess. The potential for identifying a ‘suite’ of biomarkers using high-throughput technologies such as transcriptomics and proteomics is only now being examined. A combination of these technologies in conjunction with a range of innovative metal detection techniques is essential if the search for robust copper biomarkers is to be successful.
Indicators of zinc status at the population level: a review of the evidence
Authors: Gibson Rosalind S. , Hess Sonja Y. , Hotz Christine , Brown Kenneth H.
Published: July 2008

The role of zinc deficiency as an important cause of morbidity and impaired linear growth has prompted the need to identify indicators of population zinc status. Three indicators have been recommended – prevalence of zinc intakes below the estimated average requirement (EAR), percentage with low serum zinc concentrations, and percentage of children aged < 5 years who are stunted. This review outlines steps to estimate the prevalence of inadequate intakes, and confirm their validity based on the EARs set by International Zinc Nutrition Collaborative Group. Next, the appropriateness of serum zinc as a biochemical marker for population zinc status is confirmed by a summary of: (a) the response of serum zinc concentrations to zinc intakes; (b) usefulness of serum zinc concentrations to predict functional responses to zinc interventions; (c) relationship between initial serum zinc and change in serum zinc in response to interventions. Height- or length-for-age was chosen as the best functional outcome after considering the responses of growth, infectious diseases (diarrhoea, pneumonia), and developmental outcomes in zinc supplementation trials and correlation studies. The potential of other zinc biomarkers such as zinc concentrations in hair, cells, zinc-metalloenzymes, and zinc-binding proteins, such as metallothionein, is also discussed. Molecular techniques employing reverse transcriptase (RT)-polymerase chain reaction to measure mRNA in metallothionein and ZIP1 transporter hold promise, as do kinetic markers such as exchangeable zinc pools (EZP) and plasma zinc turnover rates. More research is needed to establish the validity, specificity, sensitivity, and feasibility of these new biomarkers, especially in community-settings.
Update on the assessment of magnesium status
Authors: Arnaud Maurice J.
Published: July 2008

Magnesium (Mg) is the fourth most abundant mineral in the body and the most abundant intracellular divalent cation, with essential roles in many physiological functions. Consequently, the assessment of Mg status is important for the study of diseases associated with chronic deficiency. In spite of intense research activities there is still no simple, rapid, and accurate laboratory test to determine total body Mg status in humans. However, serum Mg < 0·75 mmol/l is a useful measurement for severe deficiency, and for values between 0·75 and 0·85 mmol/l a loading test can identify deficient subjects. The loading test seems to be the gold standard for Mg status, but is unsuitable in patients with disturbed kidney and intestinal functions when administered orally. There is also a need to reach a consensus on a standardized protocol in order to compare results obtained in different clinical units. Other cellular Mg measurements, such as total or ionized Mg, frequently disagree and more research and systematic evaluations are needed. Muscle Mg appears to be a good marker, but biopsies limit its usefulness, as is the case with bone Mg, the most important but heterogeneous Mg compartment. The development of new and non invasive techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) may provide valuable tools for routinely analysing ionized Mg in tissues. With the development of molecular genetics techniques, the recent discovery of Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin channels offers new possibilities for the sensitive and rapid evaluation of Mg status in humans.
Intake and status of folate and related B-vitamins: considerations and challenges in achieving optimal status
Authors: McNulty Helene , Scott John M.
Published: July 2008

Folate and the metabolically related B-vitamins, vitamin B12and riboflavin, have attracted much scientific and public health interest in recent years. Apart from a well established role in preventing neural tube defects (NTDs), evidence is emerging to support other potential roles for folate and/or related B-vitamins in protecting against cardiovascular disease (especially stroke), certain cancers, cognitive impairment and osteoporosis. However, typical folate intakes are sub-optimal, in that although adequate in preventing clinical folate deficiency (i.e. megaloblastic anaemia) in most people, they are generally insufficient to achieve a folate status associated with the lowest risk of NTDs. Natural food folates have a limited ability to enhance folate status as a result of their poor stability under typical cooking conditions and incomplete bioavailability when compared with the synthetic vitamin, folic acid (as found in supplements and fortified foods). Current folate recommendations to prevent NTDs (based primarily on folic acid supplementation) have been found to be ineffective in several European countries. In contrast, in North America and Chile, the policy of mandatory folic acid-fortification has proven itself in terms of lowering the prevalence of NTD, but remains controversial because of concerns regarding potential risks of chronic exposure to high-dose folic acid. In the case of vitamin B12, the achievement of an optimal status is particularly difficult for many older people because of the common problem of food-bound B12malabsorption. Finally, there is evidence that riboflavin status is generally low in the UK population, and particularly so in younger women; this warrants further investigation.
Proteomics as a tool for the modelling of biological processes and biomarker development in nutrition research
Authors: de Roos Baukje , McArdle Harry J.
Published: July 2008

Nutrition research has slowly started to adopt the proteomics techniques to measure changes in the protein complement of a biological system. This enables modelling of biological processes in response to dietary interventions, as well as the elucidation of novel biomarkers for health or disease that are sensitive to such interventions. There are limited studies on the effect of micronutrients on the proteome, so this review concentrates rather more on dietary intervention studies that have used proteomics (mainly classical 2D gel electrophoresis combined with mass spectrometry) to elucidate changes in pathways that relate to glucose and fatty acid metabolism, oxidative stress, anti-oxidant defence mechanisms and redox status. The ability to measure regulation of more low abundant proteins, such as those involved in inflammatory pathways, as well as the evaluation and validation of newly discovered candidate biomarkers in human biofluids, may depend on the introduction of more quantitative and sensitive methods like multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) and multiplexed immunoassays in nutrition research.