bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In Situ Burn Testing of Weathered and Emulsified Crude Oils
Authors: Pfützner Christopher J. , Tuttle Steven G. , Loegel Thomas N. , Leska Iwona , Fisher Brian T.
Published: December 2021

This paper investigates the ignitability and effectiveness of burning crude oil spills at sea with respect to the type of oil, weathering time, and seawater emulsion content. In the event of an oil or fuel spill at sea, in situ burning can be a practical method of removing the oil and preventing it from reaching vulnerable coastlines. However, the specific chemistry of the oil and its resulting behavior dictates how well this method works. In order to understand this behavior, Santa Barbara Channel crude oils were tested and burned in combinations of fresh, weathered, and seawater-emulsified at discrete ratios. A cone calorimeter was used to monitor time to ignition, mass loss, heat release rate, and smoke production for laboratory-scale burn tests. Weathering generally increased ignition time, but also changed the miscibility with water; this changed both heat released and burn efficiency. Emulsions with seawater fractions below approximately 20 % were found to improve the heat release rate and burn efficiency compared to oil-only burns; suggesting that some water emulsification can benefit oil burning. The results indicate that a targeted approach to the type of oil and degree of emulsification can expand the window of opportunity for in situ oil burns.
Response Guide: Understanding Underwater Electric Transmission Line Dielectric Oil Leaks
Authors: Cormier Annjea
Published: December 2021

Addressing the underwater dielectric fluid leaks, this paper presents case studies and recommendations based on extensive response actions. Dielectric fluid leaks that occur underwater are significantly more challenging due to their dispersing properties in water which make these spills significantly more difficult to assess and cleanup. After distilling information from past case studies, it was determined that the success of a dielectric spill response depends on three variables: the amount of time until completion, damage to natural resources, and the cost.

Although every incident poses its unique challenges and variables, this research highlights overarching best practices that can be applied to future spills. The analysis focuses on notification, discovery methods, sampling strategy, potential toxicity, effective clean-up strategies, and clean-up endpoints. The research concludes by acknowledging that these spills will be reoccurring until upgrades and increased maintenance is completed on aging U.S. electrical infrastructure.
Preparing for Transport of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Through the Panamá Canal
Authors: Levine Ed , D'Meza Octavio , Murillo César , Platt CDR Jeffery , Valdes Dennisses
Published: December 2021

While the efforts of the National Response Team (NRT) - Panama Canal (in Spanish, Autoridad del Canal de Panamá or ACP) Subcommittee are primarily focused on environmental protection issues, there is evidence that these same concerns may simultaneously have tremendous economic impact. The basis for the Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) between the ACP and NRT agencies was conceived over concerns for pollution events within the area of responsibility of the ACP. In keeping with the spirit of the MOA the Subcommittee has made giant strides improving the preparedness and response capabilities of the ACP. In doing so, the economic interests of the ACP as well as the countries of Panama and the United States have all benefited. Any impacts that may interrupt the day-to-day operations of the Panama Canal would have deleterious worldwide economic effects. We will discuss the increase in LNG vessel traffic over the years since the opening of the expanded locks and the preparedness activities of the two groups.
Oil Spill Response Planning in Cold and Warm Water Environments
Authors: Wegeberg Susse , Fritt-Rasmussen Janne , Gustavson Kim , Wenning Richard J , Bock Michael
Published: December 2021

The priorities for oil spill response (OSR) are to protect people, prevent or mitigate environmental damages, and minimize the long-term impacts. Several analytic approaches have emerged in the field of spill impact mitigation assessment (SIMA), a science-based framework evolved from net environmental benefits analysis (NEBA), to broaden the focus from consideration of mitigation of ecological impact to also include socioeconomic and cultural impact considerations. In the northern Gulf of Mexico (GOM), a comparative risk assessment (CRA) decision-support tool was developed for identifying and comparing the ecological consequences of different oil spill response technologies in temperate/sub-tropical deep water, including the use of subsea dispersants. Another analytic assessment tool, Environment & Oil Spill Response (EOS), was developed based on offshore western Greenland and the Baltic Sea to assist in selection of oil spill response options that best mitigate the consequences of spilled oil in polar / sub-polar aquatic ecosystems in the Nordic region. In this work, we briefly review the CRA and EOS tools and highlight the shared and unique attributes of both assessment frameworks and how ecological, environmental and oil chemistry characteristics are handled in contrasting climatic and ecosystem conditions.
Ship-Source Spills – it's More Than Just Oil
Authors: Fear Lauren , Soares Duarte
Published: December 2021

For over 50 years, ITOPF has attended on-site at marine spills worldwide on behalf of the shipping industry. ITOPF staff have provided objective technical advice at over 800 incidents in 100 countries, gaining unparalleled insight into changing trends in ship-source pollution. Spills of oil were originally the focus of ITOPF's activities, initially from tankers and later from a wide range of ships. Over time, there has been a dramatic and sustained reduction in both the number of oil spills and the quantity of oil spilt from tankers, as ITOPF's statistics demonstrate. Though spills of oil cargoes and bunker fuel remain at the core of ITOPF's work, its activities have expanded in recent years to include other pollutants, such as vegetable oils, hazardous and non-hazardous chemicals, coal, foodstuffs, plastics and the myriad of other products transported in container ships. Almost two thirds of the incidents ITOPF attends now involve non-tankers and in the past 20 years, 14% of all attended incident involved products or substances other than, or in addition to, oil.

Oil spill events can cause environmental damage and typically attract considerable media attention. However, other marine pollutants also have the potential to cause environmental damage and pose significant challenges for responders. This paper draws on ITOPF's first-hand experience to examine some of the recent trends in spill response, using case histories to highlight key issues involved with the response of spills of assorted oils and cargoes at sea.
Field experiments to operationalize in situ burning as a response method in Norwegian waters
Authors: Jensen Hans V. , Holbu Jan Willie , Holt Hanne Solem , Faksness Liv-Guri
Published: December 2021

NOFO (Norwegian Clean Seas Association for Operating Companies) and NCA (Norwegian Coastal Administration) are cooperating closely to operationalize in situ burning as a response method in Norwegian waters. After introductory experiments during Oil on water 2016 together with S. L. Ross and SINTEF, NOFO and NCA have conducted in situ burn experiments in fire booms during Oil on water 2018 and 2019. These experiments included use of net to capture burn residue, igniters to start the fire when dropped from a multicopter drone, use of sensor packages from multicopter drones to monitor fire gases and soot in various parts of the smoke plume, and finally personnel in work boats taking surface samples and operating sensors to identify gases that might be hazardous to people. Both crude oil and fuel oils were burned, approximately 6 m3 for each burn. To our knowledge such field experiments have not been carried out before. The presentation will focus on operational aspects including photos and video footage, but also refer some findings from sensors and samples that might be hazardous to the environment as well as personnel.
Subsea Mechanical Dispersion (SSMD) a Possible New Option for the Oil Spill Response Toolbox?
Authors: Brandvik Per Johan , Krause Daniel F. , Leirvik Frode , Daling Per S. , Owens Zach , Gilman Lindsey , Yun B. Min , Ahnell Arden , Carlsen Torleif , Koranek Michal
Published: December 2021

The size distribution of oil droplets formed in subsea oil and gas blowouts is known to have a strong impact on their subsequent fate in the environment. Small droplets have low rising velocities, are more influenced by oceanographic turbulence and have larger potential for natural biodegradation. Subsea Dispersant Injection (SSDI) is an established method for achieving this goal, lowering the interfacial tension between the oil and water and significantly reducing oil droplet size. However, despite its many advantages, the use of SSDI could be limited both by logistical constraints and legislative restrictions. Adding to the toolkit a method to achieve subsea dispersion, without the use of chemicals, would therefore enhance oil spill response capability. This option is called Subsea Mechanical Dispersion (SSMD).

An extensive feasibility study on SSMD has been performed and the main findings are reported in this paper. The work was initiated by BP in 2015 and later followed up by a consortium of Equinor, Total Norge, Aker BP and Lundin. The first phase explored multiple principles of generating subsea dispersions (ultrasonic, mechanical shear forces and water jetting) through both laboratory experiments and modelling. These studies clearly indicate that SSMD has an operational potential to significantly reduce oil droplet sizes from a subsea release and influence the fate and behaviour of the released oil volume.

The recent work reported in this paper on operationalisation, upscaling and large-scale testing of subsea water jetting. This work is performed by SINTEF in close cooperation with Exponent (computational fluid dynamics and shear stress modelling) and Oceaneering (operationalisation and full-scale prototyping).
Brazilian Regulation on Oil Spill: The Need of Review
Authors: Possobon Rodrigo Zapelini , Esteves Rodrigo Cochrane , Pereira Anna Carolina Silva , Xavier Gustavo
Published: December 2021

The Brazilian oil spill response main regulation has been under a major review for the last couple of years. The origins of this regulation date back to the year 2000, when two accidents of great relevance happened: the Guanabara Bay and the Iguaçu River oil spills. These two accidents quickened the promulgation of the first version of this regulation, an adaptation of the USA framework for facilities transferring oil or hazardous material in bulk (33 CFR part 154). The major changes made during this adaptation to the Brazilian laws were: 01) The scope has been expanded to cover not only transferring coastal facilities, like ports and Abstract number oil terminals, but also oil rigs, offshore oil production units, pipelines and refineries. In a later revision other facilities were included: marinas, onshore oil rigs, shipyards and nautical clubs; 02) The response resources could only be provided by the owner of the facility, which has restrained the potential benefits of a shared capability approach like, for example, a specialized response company or association that could support several facilities in a region;

In practice, the application of the same ground rule for inland, coastal and offshore facilities resulted in several distortions, like a dominance of the mechanical removal technique over other response techniques. This also resulted in the application of response time requirements designed for oil terminals to offshore facilities, resulting in an oversized dedicated oil spill response fleet. In addition, this rule is inadequate to linear spill sources, like marine pipelines, and inland facilities, like refineries.

Finally, because of the aforementioned distortions and also some lack of technical guidance for relevant topics, like coastal protection, oil trajectory forecasting modelling, wildlife response planning, among others, several different interpretations of the national regulation have arrived from different levels of governmental agencies. This not only allowed for distinct requirements over time from a same agency but also created confusion when comparing the response capabilities of similar installations from different regions of Brazil.

Thus, the purpose of this article is to describe the improvements proposed by the Oil and Gas producers to review the Brazilian regulation. It aims at presenting the key elements and references used in the review process and the predicted response structure that could arise in order to improve Brazil's environmental safety after the new regulation is in force.
Meaningful Engagement: Improving and Expanding Tribal Engagement in Federal Emergency Response in the Pacific Northwest
Authors: McLelland Chrystin , Kennard Haley
Published: December 2021

The Northwest Region (the states of Washington, Oregon, and Idaho) of the United States is home to 43 federally recognized treaty Tribes, who are resource co-managers within their traditional territories and have both decision-making power and sovereign legal rights. There is also a significant refinement and transportation of petroleum products (by rail, pipeline, and vessel) within this area and in our transboundary waters. In Washington alone, more than 20 billion gallons are moved through and across the state on an annual basis. The Northwest Area Committee (NWAC) and Region 10 Regional Response Team (RRT10), the federally mandated bodies which conduct oil pollution and hazardous materials spill response planning, are therefore robust and very active. Within the last decade, tribal engagement in the NWAC and RRT10 has expanded significantly; the RRT10 now has three official tribal members, and the NWAC has supported a Tribal Engagement Task Force for the past four years and is currently looking at transitioning it to a longer-term and more permanent sub-committee strategy. This presentation will discuss the following pieces of the efforts towards tribal engagement in the NWAC/RRT10: 1) The evolution of tribal engagement in the RRT10/NWAC and lessons learned from this process 2) A case study of the unique experience of the Makah Tribe's engagement with the greater response community including both becoming the first tribal member of the NWAC/RRT10 and the development of their memorandum of agreement with the US Coast Guard, and 3) Results from the 2019 Tribal Engagement Task Force's tribal feedback survey (sent out to all Tribes in the region) to identify barriers and strategies for improved meaningful tribal engagement. This reflects the commitment of the NWAC/RRT10 to improving tribal engagement by understanding; the results can not only inform partners in other regions but will inform the next phase of the NWAC/RRT10's approach to tribal engagement. The Northwest Area model for tribal engagement in oil spill planning, preparedness, and response is an important precedent for national and international engagement with Indigenous peoples in this arena.
Building an Elite Force of Spill Responders in a World with Few Spill Response Opportunities
Authors: Bowles Joe , Dulisse Carmine
Published: December 2021

As the performance of Industry improves and spills decrease, SMTs, OSROs, Regulators, and Oil and Gas Operators are all facing a lack of direct experience and knowledge when it comes to spill response. The recruiting and grooming of elite Responders for a large response organization is further challenged by a tight labor market that is increasingly occupied by a generation that demands accelerated advancement and growth. The Marine Spill Response Corporation (MSRC) is taking a new approach to identify, develop and retain Responder competencies and proficiencies, and to offer a career/development path in the absence of actual incidents.

The first element of this program provides a clear path for professional growth to satisfy the growing desire for advancement by replacing a time-based promotion system with one that is focused on performance. The second element requires a consistent methodology and framework of evaluation to ensure employees in a nationwide organization are measured and evaluated using the same standards. Replacing the focus on hard skills with soft skills during talent acquisition “fit factor” when hiring new Responders sets the tone for growth. The hard skills are easier to teach and develop, while soft skills like learning curiosity, collaboration, effective communication, problem solving, and decision making are the differentiators that shape an elite Responder.

Removing the emphasis on spill experience and replacing it with well-defined competency models that define abilities which can be demonstrated outside of spill incidents is essential to fostering professional growth in a Responder. These competencies include the technical skills that are required by each position and emphasize leadership abilities, teamwork, and commitment. Metrics and expectations must be defined at the right level of detail to provide Responders with the opportunity during steady state operations to demonstrate abilities in a variety of scenarios that mirror those needed in spill response.
Mathematical Logic of the Jones and Homfly Polynomials of Knotted Trivalent Networks
Authors: Almoallem Mohsen Mohammed
Published: December 2021

Two rational functions are defined logically for special type of knotted trivalent networks as state models of planar trivalent networks. The restriction of these two rational functions reduce to the Jones and Hom y polynomials for non oriented links. Also, these two models are used to define two invariants for this special type of knotted trivalent networks embedded in R3. Finally, we study some congruences of these two polynomials for periodic knotted trivalent networks this generalize the work of periodicity of the Jones and Hom y polynomials on knots to these two rational functions of knotted trivalent networks.
Evaluation of Silicon Nutrition on Yield, Growth Attributes and Available Nutrient Status of Paddy in Coastal Zone of Odisha
Authors: Das Aliva , Samant Prasanna Kumar , Sahu Gayatri , Santra Gour Hari
Published: December 2021

A field experiment was conducted in the central farm, Regional Research and Technology Transfer Station, Coastal Zone OUAT, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India during kharif 2020 using cv-Lalat variety of Rice. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design (RBD) with ten treatments and three replications. In this experiment BOF (Basic Oxygen Furnace) slag was used as a source of silica for application to rice crop. 200, 300 and 400 kg SiO2/ha was applied in combination with 50% STD (Soil Test Dose) and 75% STD to assess the efficacy of Silica with reduction in fertilizer dose by 50% and 25%. It was shown that increase in number of effective tillers (7.8) per plant and length of the panicle (25.8 cm), but no significant increase was marked in case of 1000 grain weight (gm.) over control. In case of grain yield, straw yield and harvest index, 100% STD (T4) registered maximum (36.9q/ha) grain yield which was 29.4% more than that of control. Of course, grain yield in case of T9 i.e., 75% STD+300 kg SiO2/ha was at par 36.2q/ha indicated efficacy of silica application by reducing fertilizer dose. Harvest index was not affected by Si treatments. However, maximum HI (0.478) was observed in T9. Available N, P, K and S status in post-harvest soil was increased due to application of silica along with fertilizer over control indicated better availability of nutrients which plays a vital role in increasing production and productivity of rice. The study revealed that the DTPA extractable Fe and Mn content decreased, and Cu and Zn content increased with increased application of silica. Though 100% STD (T4) was found to be very effective as compared to other treatments but 75% STD + 300kgSiO2/ha was also equally effective so far as yield, growth attributing characters, available nutrient status of paddy.
A Comparative Study of Implications of the Term of History in the Islamic and Western Perception
Authors: Al-Zahawi Dr. Abbas Abdulsattar Abdulqadir , Hameed Ehab Kareem
Published: December 2021

The present study deals with the term of history linguistically and terminologically from Arab and Western Europe. This term is radically intertwined between East and West, specifically the Greek language. The present study covers the views of ancient historians and modernists as much as possible to have a clear idea of the topic. Section two is devoted to answering the important question of whether history is a science or an art by presenting most of the opinions that have been put forward in this regard, whether by Western or Arab historians to ultimately reach a comprehensive, complete, and final answer, at least until present time. Section three is related to the science of history for Muslims and its impact on the science of history in the West. Rosenthal’s opinion, which reflects the views of the majority of orientalists will be explained to respond to it showing evidence of the extent of this influence and how it was the initiation step and the most influential catalyst for the intellectual renaissance of Europe in general and in historical writing in particular.
Prohibition: Between the Linguistic and the Legislative Concepts
Authors: Al-Mawla Dr. Alaa Naji Jassim , Mauff Dr. Hayder Abd Alzahra
Published: December 2021

Comparative studies take the lead among all studies, including modern linguistic studies. They are the means through which researchers get aware of other sciences and find connections among them. Thus, legislative texts are the database of the present study. The legal rule aims at achieving two issues: Doing something, which corresponds to order. What the addressee must avoid, which corresponds to prohibition that has been chosen for the present study. The present study starts with defining prohibition linguistically and grammatically, its meaning among the scholars of origins, and then its concept among those involved in the drafting of texts. The present study aims at identifying methods and expressions indicating prohibition, among which is the important expression “don’t”. Finally, punishment, which is the common result for not complying, is indicated. Linguistic, legislative drafting books, and some Quranic texts are used as the database for the present study. The Penal Code and the Civil Law are taken from the legal texts. The present study comes up with results; legislators do not use the term prohibition. Instead, they use prohibitive formulas. Legislators do not abide by what grammarians abide to. Grammarians use“ don’t + the present tense. But, legislators use everything that leads to the meaning of avoiding doing something except the grammarians’ formula because it makes legal texts subject to interpretation and diligence.
The Relationship of Situational Guilt with Conscientious Awareness for Female Students of Kindergarten Department
Authors: Al-Fraidawi Dr. Wafaa Hasan Issa
Published: December 2021

The problem of the current paper arises from the individual’s need to hold himself accountable and reconsider his behaviors or actions when many situations passing him in daily in which he lives and keeps into contact with those around him. This situation is accompanied by either psychological pain or the individual’s feeling of relief, each according to the nature of the personality of this individual and his emotional state. The individual’s feeling of guilt is nothing but a necessity for the individual to discipline himself and address the mistakes and abusive actions in order to stop them once and for all, provided that the situation does not reach the feeling of imaginary guilt, which is considered obstructing his thinking and leads him to give errors greater than their normal size, which is what happens in patients having depression. Al-Ansari’s study (2001) maintained that university students suffer from situational guilt at a rate of (8.9%), while the percentage of university female students reached (17.4%). This gives an indication that female students are more likely to feel situational guilt than male students and that these percentages are serious and cannot be underestimated. Because the kindergarten students are part of the university students, their role as future teachers for an important segment of society is the focus, namely Kindergarten Dept. The kindergarten teacher should be more responsible and more psychologically and emotionally balanced in its dealings with the different situations that it brings together with the child and be alert to the conscience to achieve equality between children, taking into account the individual differences between them, so the problem of the current research was identified by the following question: Is there a relationship between situational guilt and conscientious awareness for kindergarten students? The current research aims to identify the relationship between situational guilt and conscientious awareness among female kindergarten students. The research sample consisted of (300) female students from the Kindergarten Department, and to achieve the goal of the research, two scales were prepared: the Situational Guilt Scale and the Conscientious Awareness Scale for the Kindergarten Department students. Through reviewing the literature and previous studies, the researcher identified (32) items for the Situational Guilt Scale and (24) to measure the final form of conscientious awareness, the validity, and reliability of the two scales were confirmed. After using the statistical methods, the research reached the following results: • The research sample has a high degree of situational guilt. • The research sample has a high degree of conscientious awareness. • There is a high correlation between situational guilt and conscientious awareness among female students of the Kindergarten Department.
Narrative Structure Transformations of the Last Supper Painting in Graphic Design
Authors: Al-Ghazali Dr. Ahmed Obaid Kadhim
Published: December 2021

The transformations of the visual narrative come from preoccupation with the aesthetics of the artistic form and the creative presence of the artist, and the centrality of the system's discourse and its reference to the discourses of shattering the fixed meaning, demolishing the centrals and dissolving connotations in an infinite continuous movement in the sense of shifting to new imagined and potential structures closer to the assumption and the possibility of a reality that cannot be represented because it is a structure hidden behind Phenomena, so the dismantling and reshaping of reality takes place through the imagination, which may be parallel to reality or alternative to it, but it differs in its manifestations and may give us something else from knowledge, self-awareness, criticism of reality, and understanding of the world, so there is a new tendency is the tendency of rejection and rebellion, which confirms according to its own system its rejection of the public, Also, technology sought to create a new reality in which the subject contradicts the subject.
Management of Pedagogical Supervision and Teacher Performance in the Teaching of English in Peru
Authors: Neyra Gloria Pilar Sotelo , Guillén Doris Fuster - , Tataje Freddy Antonio Ochoa , Castro Angélica Sánchez
Published: December 2021

This research was done to determine the relationship between supervision and teacher practice in an English teaching center with a high student population in Lima Perú. This is a quantitative approach basic type study with a non-experimental transversal design where 5 and 7 point Likert-type-scale questionnaires were used to provide data that was analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics. A non-probabilistic sample of intention or convenience was used to select the respondents. 210 teachers from different branches in Lima were selected to respond to the questionnaires. A descriptive analysis of the statistics was used to interpret the results on the supervisors functions and the teacher performance level in each one of the study areas after the supervisory service had been offered. To contrast the data for the hypothesis test to determine the relationship between supervision and teaching performance (content knowledge of the discipline, teaching skills, contextual knowledge, learner-focus teaching, professionalism), the Spearman correlation coefficient was used. A direct, meaningful and high correlation level was found. The results of the current study will benefit other English language centers management to implement changes and improvements to the supervision service that will result in better teaching performance and student achievement.
Gamification in the Learning of Mathematics in University Students
Authors: Melgar Ángel Salvatierra , Luy-Montejo Carlos Augusto , Saavedra Segundo Sigifredo Pérez , Almiron Abraham Ermitanio Huaman , Arturo Quispe-Cutipa Walter , Mercado-Marrufo Celia Emperatriz
Published: December 2021

In the framework of continuous improvement of university education, the corresponding bodies are attentive to the good practices detached by the agents that comprise them. In this study, gamification in the mathematics learning process is described from the perspective of 286 students identified by non-probabilistic intentional sampling. Under these arguments, the methodology of the study is non-experimental, descriptive ex-post-facto level; the data for the analysis were collected in two stages: first moment in an instantaneous way to be able to perceive directly the gamification in the learning of mathematics through the Mentimenter tool; in second moment, the questionnaire was applied with 33 items composed of three dimensions: dynamics, mechanics and component from the contributions of Kevin Werbach. The results attributed to the study show that gamification, from the student's perspective, is a dynamic tool for the learning of previous concepts of Basic Mathematics and Mathematical Complements in the first academic semesters; in addition, the teacher plays the role of facilitator and the student responsibly manages his space and learning environment.
University Anxiety, Depression and Stress in Pandemic Times
Authors: Garay Jessica Paola Palacios , Guevara Luciano Pérez , Asto José Luis Valdez , García Ulises Córdova , Vergara Gloria Luz Cueva , Vela Sonia Lidia Romero
Published: December 2021

Fear and uncertainty, related to emergency health measures such as confinement by Covid-19, has generated anxiety, depression and stress. In this context, the objective of this work has been to establish the correlation between the three variables. The type of study was carried out under a quantitative approach, basic type, descriptive level, with a non-experimental cross-sectional-correlational design. The DASS-21 scale (Lovibond and Lovibond, 1995) was used to measure the variables indicated. The sample comprised a total of 440 students of Human Medicine from the first to the fifth cycle; it was composed of 173 females (39.3%) and 267 males (60.7%). The selection was made under non-probabilistic convenience sampling. The descriptive statistical findings revealed the difference in the students: males presented higher levels in the variables measured: anxiety in 58.2%; depression, 56.4% and stress, 34.8%. In the hypothesis test, the correlation between the anxiety variable and the depression variable obtained a result of Spearman's Rho = 0.804**, which is interpreted as a high positive relationship between the variables. As for the correlation between the anxiety variable and the stress variable, a Spearman's Rho = 0.893 was obtained, which is interpreted as high correlation between the variables.
Attitudes of Parents with (ADHD) towards the Most Prominent Challenges of Distance Learning in Light of the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ellala Ziyad Kamel , AL-Tkhayneh Khawlah M. , Abu-Attiyeh Jamal H.
Published: December 2021

The study seeks to understand and reflect upon the attitudes of the parents of ADHD diagnosed children concerning the most predominant challenges of distance learning during isolation in the Covid 19 pandemic. To achieve this goal, the researchers conducted a descriptive study using an electronic survey on a sample of 28 parents of citizens and residents in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi / United Arab Emirates. The attitudes of parents of students with special needs towards the most prominent challenges of distance learning indicated a high degree of concern on their part. The study recommends conducting in-depth studies that reveal the existence of statistically significant differences in the respondents' answers resulting from some demographic variables such as nationality (citizen, resident) and the educational attainment of parents.
ECODI-27 Dissocial Behavior Scale in Peruvian Adolescents: A Psychometric Analysis
Authors: Quiroz Fernando Joel Rosario , Paucar Jemmel Mario Monge , Garcia Eddy Eugenio Garcia , Santisteban Martín Castro , Torres Dino Fernando Mosquera
Published: December 2021

Dissocial behaviors precede antisocial personality disorder, which can generate great difficulties for every society, which is why it is important to establish identification mechanisms for this phenomenon to propose prevention mechanisms in educational settings. This study sought to explore the psychometric benefits of the Disocial Behavior Scale in Peruvian adolescents of secondary education, working with a sample of 1000 students aged 15 to 18 years old. A new model of 23 items is proposed with a distribution of three factors, which shows adequate adjustment indices obtained through the confirmatory factor analysis χ2 / gl = 3.36, CFI = 0.94, TLI = 0.93, SRMR = 0.04, RMSEA = 0.05 [95% CI 0.04-0.05], AIC = 69248. The reliability values for the three proposed factors are optimal, Factor 1 (ω =.884), Factor 2 (ω =.845), Factor 3 (ω =.787). It is concluded that the Dissocial Behavior Scale in the proposed version of 23 items with three factors presents adequate psychometric indices.
Educational Lessons from Further Analysis of Ho Chi Minh and V.I Lenin Ideologies on Values of Socialism Economy and Building State Government
Authors: Hang Nguyen Thi , Hien Dinh Thi , Huy Dinh Tran Ngoc , Lan Leng Thi , Hue Ly Thi
Published: December 2021

This paper aims to present practical values of a socialism economy from ideologies of V.I Lenin and Ho Chi Minh, two talented leaders of the world. Authors mainly use qualitative analysis, consisting of synthesis and inductive methods and historical materialism methods. Research findings show us that from Ho Chi Minh views, People is the most important criterion to evaluate the effectiveness of the political system’s operating capacity. This is also a very humanistic goal of the Vietnamese political system. If the operation of the political system is ineffective, the bureaucracy, the contingent of cadres and civil servants, especially key cadres, are degenerated and degenerated, the political system will slip out of the orbit of the people. The owner of the people, to become a force opposed to the people.
The English Language Education under Israeli Occupation through Dramatization Method for the EFL Students in Palestine: A Case Study
Authors: Behak Fariza Puteh , Bsharat Tahani R.K.
Published: December 2021

Palestinian students in the occupied regions of Palestine are facing exceptional circumstances besides difficulties, unlike other neighboring countries in the world. These are due to the continuing occupation by Israel. This study, intended to find out English Language Education under Israeli Occupation through dramatization Method for the EFL students in Palestine. This study used a full qualitative method, the participants were eight students who had used drama as a technique in learning English language class. The researcher got the data from interviewing the students. The result of this study showed that the English Language Education under Israeli Occupation through dramatization method for the EFL students in Palestine dramatization method is effective in Learning English for Palestinian students. The results of interviews with eight students indicate that they have a positive perception of the dramatization method in learning English language class. Thus, the technique of dramatization examines their thoughts, memories, and responses, offering greater insights into this complex and disturbing situation due to conflict and occupation.
Gender Differences in the Effect of Type, Level and Amount of Information on Attention Ability among Saudi High School Students
Authors: M Al-Makhalid Khalid Abdu
Published: December 2021

Boredom has been considered as a significant and prevalent among students in the classroom. Research indicates the necessity to tackle the negative consequences of these important and pervasive academic emotions. Despite the plethora of studies investigating the psychological effect on attention ability, far fewer have considered gender as a moderator of the effect of information characteristics on students’ attention ability. Thus, the purpose of this study is to look at gender disparities in the impact of type, level, and amount of information on students' attention capacity. Based on the Guilford structure-of-intellect (SI) model, forty tests were designed and validated to gather and analyse the data. The participants of the study were 60 high school students (level 10 and 11) from the Al-Qunfudah district. An equal number of male and female participants were selected randomly. Type of information represented in semantic and symbolic, the level of information represented in units, cases, relations, while the amount of information was represented in (5,7,9) based on Miller model. Data was collected using newly developed and verified tests. Independent t-test studies revealed no significant variations in the type, level, and amount of information on students' attention skills among male and female students. Several discussions were drawn in light of the findings. Suggestions and recommendations were presented.
Scientific and Engineering Practices Included in the Content of the Science Book for the Second Intermediate Grade in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alkalaf Dr. Tahani Mohammad Taha
Published: December 2021

This study aims to identify the percentage of inclusion of scientific and engineering practices in the content of the science book for the second intermediate grade in Saudi Arabia. To achieve the aim of the research, a descriptive and analytical method was used. A content analysis card based on the list of scientific and engineering practices found in (NRC, 2012). Appropriate statistical analyses were carried out to calculate the frequency and the percentage of all practices. The results showed that the availability of all scientific and engineering practices in the content of the analyzed book was very low, as the inclusion percentage ranged from (2.7% - 27.4%). The content did not include the practice of “engaging in the argument based on the evidence”, "where the inclusion rate was (0%). The study recommended a review of the framework of the content of science books to ensure that students undoubtedly practice scientific and engineering practices.
Pedagogies and Didactic of Junior High School Teachers on Learning Process on Mathematical Problem Solving
Authors: Harisman Yulyanti , Subali Noto Muchamad , Hidayat Wahyu , Habibi Mhmd. , Sovia Anny
Published: December 2021

This study aims to see how the three junior high school teachers are in the learning process of problem-solving. Each teacher has documented their learning process that has been conducted during three meetings. The topic observation materials were Geometry; the materials chosen were because the topic would enable the process of learning about mathematical problem-solving. Videos of the learning process would be analyzed to see how the depth and breadth of pedagogical and didactic aspects of each teacher. The type of this research is descriptive research by using the study cases method. Based on the finding of the research, it was obtained a theory that suggested three categories of the depth of didactic and pedagogical aspects of teachers in the process of solving mathematical problems. These three categories are named in this paper with good, very good, and excellent categories. These three categories will be explained detail in this paper.
Mobile Phone Educational Applications: Their Importance in Academic Learning During Covid 19 Pandemic
Authors: Kaware Dr. Sudhir Sudam , Gupta Manoj Kumar , Gupta Akhilesh Kumar
Published: December 2021

The deadly infectious disease Coronavirus, also known as Covid19, has had a profound impact on the global economy. This tragedy is also being staged in the education community, and this concern is likely to resonate in the global education community. The outbreak of the Covid19 pandemic forced several schools and universities to close quickly. Various elements on the earth are affected, and there are issues that may surface for a full semester, or other issues that will be lost in the future. Flexibility is another attractive aspect of online learning; students can arrange their own or arrange time to apply for courses online. Face-to-face meetings combine with technology to form a combined learning and recovery classroom; this learning environment will increase the learning potential of students. Students can learn anytime, anywhere, and develop new skills in the way they ultimately learn from the grave. Government also recognizes that online learning is increasingly essential in this dynamic world. The severe emergence of the new crown virus could create another argument for upgrading, as this altitude can be a problem in times of crisis.
Comparative Analysis of Equivalence of Somatic Phraseological Units in German and Uzbek Languages
Authors: Nurullaev Khasan Tukhtaevich , Abdirakhimova Mokhigul Normurodovna , Khalilova Olima Akhatovna
Published: December 2021

This article is devoted to a comparative analysis of somatic phraseological units in German and Uzbek. Somatic phraseological units are part of a common group of phrases in German and Uzbek. Many languages have equivalents of somatic phraseological units, however, each part of the body is associated with certain characteristics: head with mind, heart with feelings, mouth and tongue with speech, hands with practical activity. The work contains about 1500 somatic phrases based on explanatory phraseological dictionaries and multilingual phraseographic sources of German and Uzbek languages, which are studied in terms of lexic, syntax and semantics. The work explores somatic expressions in both languages from a lexical, syntactic and semantic point of view. In the somatic phraseological units, the human body participates as a nuclear word, and they have cultural signs of a certain mentality. From the point of view of structural-semantic and structural-syntactic interactions, somatisms in German and Uzbek were studied in such categories as absolute equivalence, partial equivalence, zero equivalence. In this work, phraseological units corresponding to all lexical, morphological and syntactic criteria of equivalence are interpreted as absolute, having almost the same meaning in both languages, as well as small morphological-syntactic and lexical-semantic differences - as partially equivalent, without alternative equivalents or lexical options in comparable languages according to internal and external linguistic factors, as zero equivalents. The results of the study are presented in tables as statistical data.
School and Higher Education in Uzbekistan During the Second World War
Authors: Makhkamova Nadira Rakhmanovna
Published: December 2021

This article highlights the state of the system of school and higher education in Uzbekistan during the Second World War. The development of this sphere was fraught with a number of difficulties, such as a shortage of teaching staff, the mobilization of the bulk of men to the front, the problem of attracting Uzbek girls to training, a lack of suitable premises for training, the dropout of students from the senior classes of schools and etc. The article notes that, despite all the above problems, a lot has been done in the system of school and higher education in Uzbekistan, which was part of the invaluable contribution of the people of the republic to the victory over fascism.
Analyzing Student’s Book of Sciences of Intermediate Stage in Light of Reflective Thinking Skills
Authors: Al Nabhan Dr. Muslim Mohammed Jasim , Abbood Dr. Ahmed Hamzah
Published: December 2021

The research aimed to analyze the Sciences books of students for the first and second intermediate grades in light of reflective thinking skills. The number of analyzed pages in the four parts of books was (455) pages distributed over (30) chapters and (14) units, with excepting the introduction of the book and the titles of the units. The researchers prepared the research tool that included five skills: (Reflecting and observation - detecting fallacies - reaching conclusions - giving Reasonable interpretations - putting proposed solutions), with (19) sub indicators, the tool was presented to a number of arbitrators to ensure its validity and reliability, the important results were: Most of the reflective thinking skills are included in the Sciences books for the first and second grade, some skills are poorly, others are well and there is no equitable balance and distribution, the results Researcher put some recommendations and suggestions.
Influence of Digital Assistive Technologies Used in Higher Education on the Development of Individual Educational Strategies among Students with Disabilities
Authors: Aleksandrova Irina Borisovna , Vorobyova Klarisa Ivanovna , Gileva Nataliya Vladimirovna , Livson Maya , Cheprasova T.V. , Bazhin Grigoriy Mikhailovich
Published: December 2021

The digitalization of education significantly facilitates access to the educational process for people with special needs. The study aims at determining the main possibilities of using digital technologies as a means of supporting the education of students with disabilities. The research strategy requires both quantitative and qualitative methods to understand what university staff considers effective when using digital technologies for students with disabilities with due regard to their experience, knowledge and abilities to meet the needs of such students. To achieve this objective, the authors used a set of theoretical and empirical methods: theoretical, empirical and numerical methods. The main research method was an online survey. Based on the online survey of teachers, IT specialists and network administrators (from six Russian universities), the authors of the article have revealed the advantages, directions and opportunities of digital technologies to support the learning of students with disabilities, considered the use of digital assistive technologies in teaching such students and the issues of introducing digital technologies as a means of supporting students with disabilities and creating conditions for overcoming them. The study results have demonstrated that the pedagogically balanced and expedient use of digital technologies will help students with disabilities fully engage in the educational process and develop individual educational strategies acceptable to them.