bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A solid ultrasonic coupling membrane for superficial vascular ultrasonography
Authors: Sun Di , Liu Jie , Xue Lijuan , Li Li , Xie Daoyin , Li Shilin , Li Shengmei , Wang Xinlian , Yin Dongtao , Ren Zhaoqi , Bai Ru , Guo Wei , Liu Ying , Chen Chunying
Published: February 2022

Clear intravascular ultrasound images with various brand of ultrasound instruments can be acquired using PAM-BCs. Polyacrylamide was enhanced by bacterial nanocellulose. PAM-BCs can be used as the ultrasonic coupling material for the diagnosis of superficial disease.
The advantages of nanoparticle surfactants over Janus nanoparticles on structuring liquids
Authors: Zhu You-Liang , Wang Dapeng , Guan Jun-Lei , Sun Zhao-Yan , Lu Zhongyuan
Published: February 2022

We investigate the compact packing of nanoparticle surfactants vs. loose packing of Janus nanoparticles when structuring liquids.
Few-layer Mg-deficient borophene nanosheets: I2 oxidation and ultrasonic delamination from MgB2
Authors: Zhang Feng , Jia Congying , Zhang Nan , He Xuexia , Li Qi , Sun Jie , Jiang Ruibin , Lei Zhibin , Liu Zong-Huai
Published: February 2022

Few-layer Mg-deficient borophene nanosheets with a stoichiometric ratio Mg0.22B2 are prepared by oxidizing with I2 and delaminating from MgB2. The flakes have Mg atom deintercalation rate of 78% while maintaining the hexagonal structure of boron.
The bulky Pd-PEPPSI-embedded conjugated microporous polymer-catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling of aryl chlorides and arylboronic acids
Authors: Wang Chang-An , Zhao Wei , Li Yan-Wei , Han Yin-Feng , Zhang Jian-Ping , Li Qun , Nie Kun , Chang Jian-Guo , Liu Feng-Shou
Published: February 2022

A Pd-PEPPSI-IPr embedded conjugated microporous polymer (Pd-PEPPSI-CMP) was shown to be a highly efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the Suzuki–Miyaura-type coupling of aryl chlorides and arylboronic acids.
Preparation of amphiphilic copolymers via base-catalyzed hydrolysis of quaternized poly[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate]
Authors: Shevtsov Vladislav Y. , Hsin Ting-Yi , Shieh Yeong-Tarng
Published: February 2022

Quaternization of PDMAEMA into qPDMAEMA allows to subsequently hydrolyze it in an alkaline environment and obtain PMAA. Degradation of qPDMAEMA can be easily monitored via1H NMR spectroscopy by detecting a small molecule byproduct (choline iodide).
Photocatalytic redox-neutral reaction of γ-indolyl α-keto esters
Authors: Wang Man , Li Ming , Zhang Long , Song Ran , Yang Daoshan , Lv Jian
Published: February 2022

The direct γ-C(sp3)–H activation of saturated α-keto esters has long been an elusive transformation.
Electrochemical benzylic C–H arylation of xanthenes and thioxanthenes without a catalyst and oxidant
Authors: Gao Hui , Chen Xinyu , Wang Pei-Long , Shi Meng-Meng , Shang Ling-Long , Guo Heng-Yi , Li Hongji , Li Pinhua
Published: February 2022

A catalyst-free and oxidant-free C–H arylation of xanthenes and thioxanthenes using electrochemistry has been developed, which affords a number of cross-coupling products in moderate to good yields.
Recent advances in rhodium-catalysed cross-dehydrogenative-coupling between two C(sp2)–H bonds
Authors: Tsang Yi Ling , Choy Pui Ying , Leung Man Pan , He Xinwei , Kwong Fuk Yee
Published: February 2022

A comprehensive review overviewing the advances in Rh-catalyzed cross-dehydrogenative-coupling in the period of 2016–2021 is presented.
Construction of one-dimensional MoO2/NC heteronanowires for microwave absorption
Authors: Zhang Xiaojuan , Gong Meihua , Dai Yunliang , Wen Bianying
Published: February 2022

A combination of a special micro–nanostructure and multiple components has been proven as an effective strategy to strengthen the microwave attenuation capacity.
A novel tyrosine hyperoxidation enables selective peptide cleavage
Authors: Zhang Shengping , De Leon Rodriguez Luis M. , Li Freda F. , Huang Renjie , Leung Ivanhoe K. H. , Harris Paul W. R. , Brimble Margaret A.
Published: February 2022

A Tyr-selective peptide cleavage was reported using Dess–Martin periodinane. The cleavage generates an unprecedented hyperoxidized tyrosine motif in the C-terminal fragment and showed excellent site-specificity and broad scope for various peptides.
Precise and long-term tracking of mitochondria in neurons using a bioconjugatable and photostable AIE luminogen
Authors: Park Hojeong , Niu Guangle , Wu Chao , Park Chungwon , Liu Haixiang , Park Hyokeun , Kwok Ryan T. K. , Zhang Jing , He Benzhao , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: February 2022

A novel bioconjugatable and photostable AIE luminogen has been rationally synthesized for precise and long-term tracking of neuron mitochondria.
Metal coordination in C2N-like materials towards dual atom catalysts for oxygen reduction
Authors: Barrio Jesús , Pedersen Angus , Feng Jingyu , Sarma Saurav Ch. , Wang Mengnan , Li Alain Y. , Yadegari Hossein , Luo Hui , Ryan Mary P. , Titirici Maria-Magdalena , Stephens Ifan. E. L.
Published: February 2022

Single-atom catalysts, in particular the Fe–N–C family of materials, have emerged as a promising alternative to platinum group metals in fuel cells as catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction.
Biodegradable magnesium phosphates in biomedical applications
Authors: Gu Xiang , Li Yan , Qi Chao , Cai Kaiyong
Published: February 2022

This review comprehensively summarizes the state-of-the-art progress made in magnesium phosphate-based biomaterials, including nanostructured magnesium phosphates and magnesium phosphate-based cements, ceramics, scaffolds, coatings and so on, as well as their biomedical applications in nanomedicine and tissue engineering.
Anisotropic mechano-adaptive cavitation in elastomers for unclonable covert–overt anti-counterfeiting
Authors: Zhao Huaixia , Li Boya , Wang Yangxin , Zhou Xiaozhuang , Cui Jiaxi
Published: February 2022

Mechano-adaptive anisotropic photonic elastomers for covert–overt anti-counterfeiting are fabricated by controlling the evaporation of ellipsoidal water droplets from the PDMS matrix. Multi-level security is obtained due to hierarchical authentication.
Homogeneous assays for aptamer-based ethanolamine sensing: no indication of target binding
Authors: Ding Yuzhe , Liu Xun , Huang Po-Jung Jimmy , Liu Juewen
Published: February 2022

Using three homogeneous assay methods, the aptamers reported to bind ethanolamine failed to show binding, and the previous binding observed using immobilized ethanolamine could be due to the involvement of a linker or DNA adsorption.
Interconversion between guanine quartets and triads on the Au(111) surface
Authors: Ding Yuanqi , Xie Lei , Li Donglin , Shen Hanlin , Li Cuiyu , Xu Wei
Published: February 2022

The real-space experimental evidence of the interconversion between G-quartets and G-triads on the Au(111) surface.
Structures and magnetic properties of two heterometallic Cu(ii)–Cd(ii) polymers exhibiting antiferromagnetic ordering
Authors: Li Zhong-Yi , Zhang Ran , Zhu Peng-Yu , Zhang Chi , Wu Dong-Qing , Zhai Bin
Published: February 2022

Two heterometallic Cu(ii)–Cd(ii) polymers (1 and 2) with a 2D layer or 1D chain structure were obtained and their magneto-structural correlations were discussed, and 1 displayed antiferromagnetic ordering at lower temperature.
Metal–organic frameworks with ftw-type connectivity: design, pore structure engineering, and potential applications
Authors: Li Xingyu , Wang Hao , Zou Jizhao , Li Jing
Published: February 2022

The structure, pore size regulation, and potential applications of MOFs featuring ftw-type connectivity have been reviewed.
Biocatalytic and chemical derivatization of the fungal meroditerpenoid chevalone E
Authors: Xiao Zong-Hua , Dong Jia-Yu , Li Ao , Dai Jia-Meng , Li Yan-Ping , Hu Qiu-Fen , Shao Li-Dong , Matsuda Yudai , Wang Wei-Guang
Published: February 2022

The structural derivatization of the fungal meroditerpenoid chevalone E was achieved by biocatalytic and chemical approaches. Some of the new chevalone analogues, in combination with doxorubicin, synergistically inhibit the growth of breast cancer cells.
Correction: Synthesis and stereocomplex formation of enantiomeric alternating copolymers with two types of chiral centers, poly(lactic acid-alt-2-hydroxybutanoic acid)s
Authors: Tsuji Hideto , Nakayama Kazuya , Arakawa Yuki
Published: February 2022

Correction for ‘Synthesis and stereocomplex formation of enantiomeric alternating copolymers with two types of chiral centers, poly(lactic acid-alt-2-hydroxybutanoic acid)s’ by Hideto Tsuji et al., RSC Adv., 2020, 10, 39000–39007. DOI: 10.1039/D0RA08351H.
Cardiomyocyte BRAF and type 1 RAF inhibitors promote cardiomyocyte and cardiac hypertrophy in mice in vivo
Authors: Clerk Angela , Meijles Daniel N. , Hardyman Michelle A. , Fuller Stephen J. , Chothani Sonia P. , Cull Joshua J. , Cooper Susanna T.E. , Alharbi Hajed O. , Vanezis Konstantinos , Felkin Leanne E. , Markou Thomais , Leonard Samuel J. , Shaw Spencer W. , Rackham Owen J.L. , Cook Stuart A. , Glennon Peter E. , Sheppard Mary N. , Sembrat John C. , Rojas Mauricio , McTiernan Charles F. , Barton Paul J. , Sugden Peter H.
Published: February 2022

The extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) cascade promotes cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and is cardioprotective, with the three RAF kinases forming a node for signal integration. Our aims were to determine if BRAF is relevant for human heart failure, whether BRAF promotes cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and if Type 1 RAF inhibitors developed for cancer (that paradoxically activate ERK1/2 at low concentrations: the ‘RAF paradox') may have the same effect. BRAF was up-regulated in heart samples from patients with heart failure compared with normal controls. We assessed the effects of activated BRAF in the heart using mice with tamoxifen-activated Cre for cardiomyocyte-specific knock-in of the activating V600E mutation into the endogenous gene. We used echocardiography to measure cardiac dimensions/function. Cardiomyocyte BRAFV600E induced cardiac hypertrophy within 10 d, resulting in increased ejection fraction and fractional shortening over 6 weeks. This was associated with increased cardiomyocyte size without significant fibrosis, consistent with compensated hypertrophy. The experimental Type 1 RAF inhibitor, SB590885, and/or encorafenib (a RAF inhibitor used clinically) increased ERK1/2 phosphorylation in cardiomyocytes, and promoted hypertrophy, consistent with a ‘RAF paradox' effect. Both promoted cardiac hypertrophy in mouse hearts in vivo, with increased cardiomyocyte size and no overt fibrosis. In conclusion, BRAF potentially plays an important role in human failing hearts, activation of BRAF is sufficient to induce hypertrophy, and Type 1 RAF inhibitors promote hypertrophy via the ‘RAF paradox'. Cardiac hypertrophy resulting from these interventions was not associated with pathological features, suggesting that Type 1 RAF inhibitors may be useful to boost cardiomyocyte function.
Professional Guidelines and Reported Practice of Audiologists Performing Fall Risk Assessment With Older Adults: A Systematic Review
Authors: van Rie Kayla J. , Kanji Amisha , Naudé Alida
Published: February 2022

Purpose:

This systematic review aimed to explore the recommended fall risk assessment practices in audiology, identify audiologists' reported practices in fall risk assessment, and recognize the barriers and facilitators affecting fall risk assessment in clinical practice.

Method:

This systematic review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.

Results:

CINAHL, PubMed, and gray literature yielded 262 articles. A total of 27 full-text articles were included in this review article. An additional 16 scope of practice and guideline documents were also reviewed. Pertinent data and findings from the review were tabulated and analyzed using a qualitative, inductive approach.

Conclusions:

Results revealed that despite fall risk assessment measures and protocols being mentioned, discussed, and reportedly implemented clinically in audiology literature, many audiologists are not conducting fall risk assessments clinically. The main challenges presented appear to be due to limited guidance within audiology documentation and inadequate training and knowledge of audiologists on fall risk factors and measures. This review article highlighted that all audiologists have an important role to play in reducing the global crisis of falls in older adults. However, without further research to aid in the development of standardization of documentation and training programs, we may continue to see a lack of awareness and education on fall risk and on the audiologist's role in the screening and early detection hereof.
Water content trends in K2-138 and other low-mass multi-planetary systems
Authors: Acuña L. , Lopez T. A. , Morel T. , Deleuil M. , Mousis O. , Aguichine A. , Marcq E. , Santerne A.
Published: February 2022

Context. Both rocky super-Earths and volatile-rich sub-Neptunes have been found simultaneously in multi-planetary systems, suggesting that these systems are appropriate to study different composition and formation pathways within the same environment.

Aims. We perform a homogeneous interior structure analysis of five multi-planetary systems to explore compositional trends and their relation with planet formation. For one of these systems, K2-138, we present revised masses and stellar host chemical abundances to improve the constraints on the interior composition of its planets.

Methods. We conducted a line-by-line differential spectroscopic analysis on the stellar spectra of K2-138 to obtain its chemical abundances and the planetary parameters. We selected multi-planetary systems with five or more low-mass planets (M < 20 M⊕) that have both mass and radius data available. We carried out a homogeneous interior structure analysis on the planetary systems K2-138, TOI-178, Kepler-11, Kepler-102, and Kepler-80. We estimated the volatile mass fraction of the planets in these systems assuming a volatile layer constituted of water in steam and supercritical phases. Our interior-atmosphere model took the effects of irradiation on the surface conditions into account.

Results. K2-138 inner planets present an increasing volatile mass fraction with distance from their host star, while the outer planets present an approximately constant water content. This is similar to the trend observed in TRAPPIST-1 in a previous analysis with the same interior-atmosphere model. The Kepler-102 system could potentially present this trend. In all multi-planetary systems, the low volatile mass fraction of the inner planets could be due to atmospheric escape, while the higher volatile mass fraction of the outer planets can be the result of accretion of ice-rich material in the vicinity of the ice line with later inward migration. Kepler-102 and Kepler-80 present inner planets with high core mass fractions which could be due to mantle evaporation, impacts, or formation in the vicinity of rocklines.
Growth of out-of-equilibrium PtPd nanoalloys
Authors: Minnai Chloé
Published: February 2022

Bimetallic nanoparticles (BNPs) are receiving increasing attention due to their versatility in applications. We can distinguish between equilibrium growth, when the system is close to thermodynamic equilibrium at each stage of the growth, and out-of-equilibrium growth if the system explores high-energy structures in which it can eventually be kinetically trapped. Coalescence is a promising strategy to grow strongly out-of-equilibrium structures. Gas phase synthesis can be used to produce a wide variety of highly pure BNPs with tailored features. In this study, we show an experimental method to grow particle with out-of-equilibrium structures. An experimental overview on the approaches developed to control the degree of coalescence of the PtPd BNPs is presented.
L’histoire de l’expansion de l’Univers dévoilée
Authors: Burtin Étienne
Published: February 2022

Depuis que les êtres humains regardent la voute céleste, ils essaient de trouver une explication aux motifs qu’ils y observent. Les différentes civilisations ont regroupé les étoiles visibles en constellations auxquelles elles ont donné des noms et ont attribué des vertus. Puis, elles ont compris que la Voie lactée qui barre le ciel rassemble une centaine de milliards d’étoiles en une galaxie dont notre étoile, le Soleil, et la Terre font partie.

Avec l’avènement des premiers télescopes, il a été établi que d’autres galaxies existaient au-delà de la Voie lactée, que leur nombre n’avait de limite que celle des instruments d’observation et qu’elles s’éloignent de nous d’autant plus vite qu’elles sont lointaines. Ainsi sont nés les « relevés de galaxies » dont les objectifs sont de dresser une carte de l’Univers pour améliorer la compréhension que l’on a de son évolution, et de déterminer la nature de ses constituants.
Update Breast Cancer 2021 Part 4 – Prevention and Early Stages
Authors: Thomssen Christoph , Fehm Tanja N. , Stickeler Elmar , Fasching Peter A. , Janni Wolfgang , Kolberg-Liedtke Cornelia , Kolberg Hans-Christian , Lüftner Diana , Müller Volkmar , Schütz Florian , Belleville Erik , Bader Simon , Untch Michael , Welslau Manfred , Thill Marc , Hartkopf Andreas D. , Tesch Hans , Ditsch Nina , Lux Michael P. , Wöckel Achim , Aktas Bahriye , Schneeweiss Andreas , Würstlein Rachel
Published: February 2022

This past year has seen new and effective options for further improving treatment outcome in many patients with early-stage breast cancer. Patients with hormone receptor-positive disease benefited significantly from the addition of the CDK4/6 inhibitor abemaciclib to endocrine adjuvant therapy. In triple-negative disease, data were presented for two treatment regimens. Patients with advanced disease (stage 2 and 3) benefit from neoadjuvant treatment with the immune checkpoint inhibitor pembrolizumab in combination with standard chemotherapy, regardless of PD-L1 expression. When neoadjuvant therapy has failed to achieve the desired remission in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations, the administration of the PARP inhibitor olaparib has demonstrated an impressive response. Other data address translational issues in HER2-positive breast cancer and neoadjuvant therapy approaches with the oral SERD giredestrant and the PARP inhibitor talazoparib. This review presents and analyses the findings of this yearʼ s most important study outcomes.
Effect of prophylactic endoscopic clipping for prevention of delayed bleeding after endoscopic papillectomy for ampullary neoplasm: a multicenter randomized trial
Authors: Park Se Woo , Song Tae Jun , Park Jin Seok , Jun Jae Hyuk , Park Tae Young , Oh Dong Wook , Lee Sang Soo , Kim Myung-Hwan
Published: February 2022

Background Endoscopic clip placement is technically challenging using a duodenoscope, limiting their application for treatment of bleeding after endoscopic papillectomy. This study evaluated the efficacy of newly designed clips to prevent bleeding after endoscopic papillectomy.

Methods Patients (n = 80) with suspected benign adenomas on the major papilla who were scheduled for endoscopic papillectomy with or without clipping were randomized. A new duodenoscope-compatible clip capable of being rotated, reopened, and repeatedly repositioned was used. The primary end point was incidence of delayed bleeding.

Results The clipping procedure was successful in all patients. The incidence of delayed bleeding was nonsignificantly higher in the no-clipping group than in the clipping group (31.6 % [95 % confidence interval (CI) 19.1–47.5] vs. 15.0 % [95 %CI 7.1–29.1]). The incidence of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis did not differ significantly between the groups (clipping vs. no-clipping: 17.5 % [95 %CI 8.7–31.9] vs. 5.3 % [95 %CI 1.5–17.3]), and all cases were mild.

Conclusions Placement of the newly designed rotatable clip was technically feasible and tended to have a protective effect by preventing delayed bleeding after endoscopic papillectomy, although statistical significance was not reached.
Effect of Optic Canal Opening on Postoperative Visual Acuity in Patients with Tuberculum Sellae Meningiomas
Authors: Chen Lihua , Zhang Hongtian , Gao Mou , Chen Wenjin , Sun Kai , Xu Ruxiang
Published: February 2022

Background Tuberculum sellae meningiomas (TSMs) account for 5 to 10% of all intracranial meningiomas. They typically invade the optic canal and displace the optic nerve upward and laterally. The transcranial approach has been the standard surgical approach, while the transsphenoidal approach has been proposed for its minimally invasive nature; however, some reservations concerning this approach remain.

Methods From January 2000 to December 2018, a total of 97 patients who were diagnosed with TSM with invasion of the optic canal were enrolled and underwent microsurgery for tumor removal with optic canal opening. A retrospective analysis was performed on the effect of optic canal opening on postoperative visual acuity improvement. The median follow-up was 17.4 months (range: 3–86 months).

Results Among the 97 patients with TSM involving the optic canal, optic canal invasion was seen on preoperative imaging in 73 patients and during intraoperative exploration in all patients. In total, 87/97 patients (89.7%) underwent optic canal opening to remove tumors involving the optic canal, and the rate of total macroscopic resection of tumors invading the optic canal was 100%. Among the 10 patients who did not undergo optic canal opening, the rate of total resection of tumors involving the optic canal was 80% (8/10, p < 0.001). There were no deaths or serious complications. The postoperative visual acuity improvement rate was 64.4%, 23.7% maintained the preoperative level, and the visual acuity deteriorated 11.9%.

Conclusion Intraoperative optic canal opening is the key to total resection of TSMs involving the optic canal and improving postoperative visual acuity.
Comparison of the removal ability of basket catheters for small bile duct stones impacted in the corner pocket of the lower bile duct
Authors: Inoue Tadahisa , Ibusuki Mayu , Kitano Rena , Sakamoto Kazumasa , Kimoto Satoshi , Kobayashi Yuji , Sumida Yoshio , Nakade Yukiomi , Ito Kiyoaki , Yoneda Masashi
Published: February 2022

Background Endoscopic stone extraction is often challenging in patients with a significant lower bile duct corner pocket, where small stones are likely to escape and become impacted. This study aimed to determine the utility of different types of baskets for retrieving corner pocket stones.

Methods Seven types of retrieval baskets were evaluated on silicone models. The study outcomes included the characteristics of each basket and technical success rates associated with the retrieval of stones impacted in the corner pocket.

Results The overall success rate was only 27.5 %, with significant differences between the baskets (P < 0.001). Only three baskets yielded successful removal. The success rates were 10 %, 25 %, and 70 % with the 8-wire Nitinol Basket, RASEN, and VorticCatch V, respectively, all of which are helical eight-wire baskets. RASEN and VorticCatch V share similar characteristics, including a strong spiral wire and smaller interwire spaces at their distal ends. The addition of rotation significantly increased the success rate to 80 % with the 8-wire Nitinol Basket (P < 0.001) and 90 % with RASEN (P < 0.001).

Conclusions Robust helical eight-wire baskets with smaller interwire spaces at the tip may be effective for extracting corner pocket stones, while the addition of rotational motion may improve the efficacy of retrieval.
Dynamic noise characteristics of tunneling magnetoresistance sensor under AC excitation
Authors: Hu Jiafei , Du Qingfa , Zhang Junsheng , Pan Mengchun , Sun Kun , Luo Huihui , Zhang Xinmiao , Yu Yang
Published: February 2022

The tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) sensor has the advantages of high sensitivity, easy miniaturization, and low power consumption, and it has the great potential to become a high-performance magnetic field measurement sensor. As the TMR magnetic sensor has complex noise characteristics, it is of great significance to explore the noise characteristics of TMR magnetic sensor for guiding its application. In this paper, the noise characteristics of the TMR magnetic sensor under different excitations are studied. It is found that the noise of TMR magnetic sensor under AC excitation is separated: some of the noise is dependent on the excitation and is moved to the excitation frequency synchronously with the output signal. The remaining part of the noise is independent of the excitation and remains in the low frequency band. Through the quantitative analysis of noise data, we find that the noise related to excitation accounts for about 70% of the total noise, while the noise unrelated to excitation accounts for about 30%. The results show that under AC excitation, 70% of the noise is synchronously modulated and 30% of the noise is separated from the signal, which provides an important guidance for the application of TMR magnetic sensor.
Signal recovery of a Fabry–Pérot interferometric x-ray pulse detector based on the RadOptic effect
Authors: Wang Gang , He Kai , Liu Yiheng , Yan Xin , Gao Guilong , Wang Tao , Yuan Xiaohui , Zhao Xu , Dong Yufeng , Tian Jinshou
Published: February 2022

The signal recovery of a Fabry–Pérot interferometric x-ray pulse detector based on the RadOptic effect in the non-limiting case was investigated in this research. A Fe-doped InP with an invariant excess carrier recombination mechanism was used as the interference cavity material to achieve a constant temporal instrumental response function (tIRF). A linear and time-invariant detection system described by the convolution of the time-varying x-ray pulse and the constant tIRF was established based on the transient refractive index variation model determined by the three effects of band filling, band shrinkage, and free-carrier absorption. For the non-limiting case, the accumulation of excess carriers enhanced the sensitivity but altered the fluctuations of the real x-ray pulse. To realistically reconstruct the x-ray pulse, two-photon absorption of the infrared ultrashort pulse was used to simulate the ultrashort x-ray excitation to obtain the tIRF. Finally, using the conjugate gradient method, the original signal recorded by the detection system was deconvoluted to recover the signal. The success of signal recovery in the non-limiting case provided the basis for the development of detectors with adjustable sensitivity controlled by carrier lifetime.
Research on the sharpness of combustion noise of three-cylinder GDI engine based on adaptive cyclic Wiener filter method
Authors: Zheng Kang , Zhu Mingmin , Zheng Xu , Song Sennan , Xu Haijun
Published: February 2022

In order to analyze the sharpness of combustion noise of the gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine, the in-cylinder pressure and noise of different loads and speeds of a three-cylinder GDI engine are measured. An adaptive cycle Wiener filter method is proposed to separate the combustion noise. The result indicated that the proposed method can overcome the drawbacks of the original Wiener filter method and is able to separate high-frequency combustion noise components more accurately and effectively. The sharpness of the combustion noise is calculated by the Zwicker method and Aures method, and the comparison results show that the Aures method is more suitable for evaluating combustion noise. The influence of different loads and speeds on the sharpness of combustion noise is investigated by the proposed method systematically. The results indicated that at low speed (1500 r/min), the combustion noise and sharpness will increase with the load while at medium (3000 r/min) and high (5500 r/min) speeds, the combustion noise under half load (50%) has the highest sharpness. Excessive high load (100%) and too low load (0%) both suppress the generation of combustion noise. As for the same engine load, a higher engine speed will lead to higher combustion noise and sharpness.
Harnessing disorder for photonic device applications
Authors: Cao Hui , Eliezer Yaniv
Published: February 2022

For photonic devices, structural disorder and light scattering have long been considered annoying and detrimental features that were best avoided or minimized. This review shows that disorder and complexity can be harnessed for photonic device applications. Compared to ordered systems, disordered systems provide much more possibilities and diverse optical responses. They have been used to create physical unclonable functions for secret key generation, and more recently for random projection, high-dimensional matrix multiplication, and reservoir computing. Incorporating structural disorder enables novel devices with unique functionalities as well as multi-functionality. A random system can function as an optical lens, a spectrometer, a polarimeter, and a radio frequency receiver. It is also employed for optical pulse measurement and full-field recovery. Multi-functional disordered photonic devices have been developed for hyperspectral imaging, spatial, and spectral polarimetry. In addition to passive devices, structural disorder has been incorporated to active devices. One prominent example is the random laser, which enables speckle-free imaging, super-resolution spectroscopy, broad tunability of high-power fiber laser, and suppression of lasing instabilities. Disordered devices have low fabrication costs, and their combination with advanced computational techniques may lead to a paradigm shift in photonics and optical engineering.
The influence of orbital moments in anomalous Hall effect in Co/Ni multilayers with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy
Authors: Song N. , Huang Y. X. , Ren K. , Ding J. X. , Li T. , Zhang J. K. , Xie J. L. , Xu Y. H. , Ding Z. H. , Zhu J. S. , Wang Z. Z. , Liao W. , Li G. , Wang L.
Published: February 2022

We focus on the anomalous Hall effects (AHEs) of Co/Ni multilayers with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) by using Ta, Nb, and Cu as the buffer and top layer. An un-conventional AHE behavior was found in which the AH resistance exhibits two anti-symmetric peaks in the presence of a magnetic field. Moreover, Co/Ni multilayers with a Ta neighboring layer show reverse AH resistance compared to the Nb and Cu neighboring layers, except Ta bottom and Cu capping layers. The former can be explained by considering the influence of the external magnetic field on the interfacial spin orbit interaction due to spontaneous symmetry breaking at the ferromagnetic (FM)/FM layer interface. Furthermore, the reverse Co/Ni AHE with a Ta adjacent layer can be interpreted as the leakage spin current of proximity effects from Ta due to its larger spin–orbit coupling, and finally, taking the shunting action of the Cu layer into account, the Co/Ni AHE with Ta and Cu adjacent layers can also be explained. Our results provide a clear physics picture of the AHE in a two-dimensional nano-scaling FM/FM interface with PMA; in particular, this work shows that the non-magnetic adjacent layer with large spin–orbit coupling will play an important role in the understanding of AHE in two-dimensional FM multilayers.
Study on the relationship between the occurrence of landslide and the cracks at the edge of loess platform
Authors: Wu Mingyu , Yang Xiujuan
Published: February 2022

A landslide is a kind of geological disaster, which seriously threatens the production and lives of people around it. In collapsible loess areas, landslides occur more frequently. There are many cracks at the edge of the loess platform. This paper studies the relationship between the characteristics of cracks at the edge of the platform and the stability of the loess platform slope through numerical simulation. It is found that some cracks will eventually form a through sliding surface and form a landslide, while some cracks are relatively safe for the time being. According to the calculation results, the statistical formula is obtained to reveal the relationship between them, which is helpful to predict the loess platform landslide according to the cracks at the edge of the tableland in the future.
Molecular beam epitaxy of TmTe thin films on SrF2 (111)
Authors: Müller S. , Spriestersbach F. , Min C.-H. , Fornari C. I. , Reinert F.
Published: February 2022

The odd parity nature of 4f states characterized by strong spin–orbit coupling and electronic correlations has led to a search for novel topological phases among rare earth compounds, such as Kondo systems, heavy Fermions, and homogeneous mixed-valent materials. Our target system is thulium telluride thin films whose bandgap is expected to be tuned as a function of lattice parameter. We systematically investigate the growth conditions of TmxTey thin films on SrF2 (111) substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. The ratio between Te and Tm supply was precisely tuned, resulting in two different crystalline phases, which were confirmed by x-ray diffraction and x-ray photoemission spectroscopy. By investigating the crystalline quality as a function of the substrate temperature, the optimal growth conditions were identified for the desired Tm1Te1 phase. Additional low energy electron diffraction and reflective high energy electron diffraction measurements confirm the epitaxial growth of TmTe layers. X-ray reflectivity measurements demonstrate that homogeneous samples with sharp interfaces can be obtained for varied thicknesses. Our results provide a reliable guidance to prepare homogeneous high-quality TmTe thin films and thus serve as a basis for further electronic investigations.
Effects of deposition temperature on Mo/SiC Schottky contacts
Authors: Oder Tom N. , Naredla Sai B.
Published: February 2022

We report on the results of our investigation of the effect of deposition temperature on molybdenum (Mo) used as Schottky contacts to fabricate silicon carbide (SiC) Schottky barrier diodes. The contacts were deposited using magnetron sputtering on n-type 4H-SiC at temperatures ranging from 25 to 900 °C. The fabricated diodes were characterized by current–voltage, current–voltage–temperature, and capacitance–voltage measurements. The diodes showed average Schottky barrier heights that decreased from 1.54 to 1.00 eV with increasing deposition temperature of the contacts. The average values of the ideality factors similarly decreased from 1.21 to 1.06 with increasing deposition temperature. However, the diodes with contacts deposited at 400–900 °C nearly maintained a constant ideality factor value of 1.06. The x-ray diffraction analysis indicated that silicides were formed at the interface for contacts deposited at or above 400 °C. The improved properties of the diodes with contacts deposited at higher temperatures are correlated with the formation of the interfacial alloys possessing improved electrical properties. This work demonstrates that high temperature deposition is another method for optimizing the properties of Mo contacts for the fabrication of 4H-SiC Schottky diodes for electronic applications in high power and high temperature environments.
Numerical analysis of shock interaction with a spherical bubble
Authors: Onwuegbu Solomon , Yang Zhiyin
Published: February 2022

Two-dimensional and three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics studies of a spherical bubble impacted by a supersonic shock wave (Mach 1.25) have been performed to fully understand the complex process involved in shock–bubble interaction (SBI). The unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes computational approach with a coupled level set and volume of fluid method has been employed in the present study. The predicted velocities of refracted wave, transmitted wave, upstream interface, downstream interface, jet, and vortex ring agree very well with the relevant available experimental data. The predicted non-dimensional bubble and vortex velocities are also in much better agreement with the experiment data than values computed from a simple model of shock-induced Rayleigh–Taylor instability (the Richtmyer–Meshkov instability). Comprehensive flow visualization has been presented and analyzed to elucidate the SBI process from the beginning of bubble compression (continuous reflection and refraction of the acoustic wave fronts as well as the location of the incident, refracted and transmitted waves at the bubble compression stage) up to the formation of vortex rings as well as the production and distribution of vorticity. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that turbulence is generated with some small flow structures formed and more intensive mixing, i.e., turbulent mixing of helium with air starts to develop at the later stage of SBI.
An efficient discrete velocity method with inner iteration for steady flows in all flow regimes
Authors: Yang L. M. , Shu C. , Wu J. , Liu Y. Y. , Shen X.
Published: February 2022

An efficient improved discrete velocity method (IDVM) with inner iteration is presented to simulate the steady flows in all flow regimes in this work. It is an extension of our previous implicit IDVM to achieve a faster convergence rate. In the previous method, both the discrete velocity Boltzmann equation (DVBE) and the corresponding macroscopic governing equations are solved synchronously, where the computational discrete cost is dominated by the calculation of the DVBE since the number of distribution functions is far larger than that of macroscopic conservative variables. Furthermore, the convergence rate of the calculation of the DVBE is affected by the predicted equilibrium state obtained from the solution of macroscopic governing equations. To provide a more accurate predicted equilibrium state for the fully implicit discretization of the DVBE, an inner iteration is introduced into the solution of macroscopic governing equations, and the flux Jacobian of these equations is evaluated by the difference of numerical fluxes of Navier–Stokes equations rather than the Euler equation-based flux splitting method used in the previous implicit IDVM. This more accurate prediction procedure endows the developed method to accelerate the computation greatly, especially in the continuum flow regime. Numerical results indicate that, in the continuum flow regime, the present method is about one order of magnitude faster than the previous implicit IDVM and one to two orders of magnitude faster than the conventional semi-implicit DVM.
Polyamines effectively mitigate senescence in persistent leaves of
Authors: Altaf Foziya , Parveen Shazia , Farooq Sumira , ul Haq Aehsan , Lone Mohammad Lateef , Tahir Inayatullah , Kaushik Prashant , El-Serehy Hamed A.
Published: February 2022

Plant leaves provide a unique insight into the changes that occur in organs, tissues and cells as they approach senescence. As part of the parental outlay, plants instigate leaf senescence to reallocate resources from older tissues to new organs towards the termination of the growing season. The aim of crop breeding initiatives is to optimize senescence for specific species. Considering hormonal regulation and their crosstalk during leaf senescence through integration of developmental signals, this work examines the efficacy of polyamines (PAs) in modulating several biochemical and physiological aspects with an ultimate aim to delay leaf senescence in leaf discs of Berginia ciliata (Haw.) sternb. Leaf discs were treated with putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd) and spermine (Spm) at 20 μM, 20 μM and 15 μM concentration, respectively. A set of leaf discs kept in distilled water served as the control. Leaf discs treated with PAs were green and fresh by about 4 days compared to the control, thus exhibited delayed senescence. This delayed leaf senescence corroborated with the maintenance of high activity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging antioxidant enzymes viz, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and higher content of chlorophylls. A marked increase was also observed in membrane stability and soluble proteins in leaf discs treated with PAs. Exogenous PAs reduced oxidative stress in the leaf discs, as revealed by lower malondialdehyde (MDA) level, which is manifested as reduced lipid peroxidation (LPO). Improved membrane stability was proportional to lower LPO, as measured by the membrane stability index (MSI).
Reversible lysine fatty acylation of an anchoring protein mediates adipocyte adrenergic signaling
Authors: Bagchi Rushita A. , Robinson Emma L. , Hu Tianjing , Cao Ji , Hong Jun Young , Tharp Charles A. , Qasim Hanan , Gavin Kathleen M. , Pires da Silva Julie , Major Jennifer L. , McConnell Bradley K. , Seto Edward , Lin Hening , McKinsey Timothy A.
Published: February 2022

Significance

Recently, histone deacetylase 11 (HDAC11) was shown to function as an enzyme that removes lipids such as myristoyl groups from lysines in proteins, yet only one substrate of HDAC11 has been reported. Here, we define gravin-α/A kinase–anchoring protein 12 as a second HDAC11 substrate. By demyristoylating gravin-α in adipocytes, HDAC11 prevents β-adrenergic receptors (β-ARs), which are G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs), from translocating to membrane microdomains that are required for downstream protective signaling by protein kinase A (PKA). These findings demonstrate a role for reversible lysine myristoylation in the control of GPCR signaling and lay the foundation for developing therapeutics for obesity based on enhancing β-AR signaling in adipose tissue by manipulating the HDAC11:gravin-α axis.
‘If you see [blank], say [blank]’
Authors: Barrera-Vilert Maria
Published: February 2022

The September 11 terrorist attacks emerged as a turning point on security standards, contouring many aspects of
public life ever after. Two decades later, the see something, say something campaign stands as one of the New
York City trademarks. Its ubiquity across subway platforms intends to raise public awareness by transferring security
responsibilities to the general public.

Language is neither innocent nor merely instrumental, any more than is not neutral. This paper disentangles the
construction of something in the current context, where the elusive definition of terrorism has enabled distorted
perceptions of risk and certainty. The paper adopts a multimodal critical discourse analysis, focusing on the campaign’s use of
ambiguity and its lexical and semiotic choices. Ultimately, it intends to crystallize how language resonates with a broader
preemptive and never-ending War on Terror rhetoric while paving the way to further analyze the activation of the target of this
campaign: you.
The discursive construction of gay people in news reports of selected Nigerian newspapers
Authors: Adegbola Olubunmi Funmi
Published: February 2022

Same-sex relationships have, over time, stirred serious debates worldwide. Studies on same-sex sexualities in the Nigerian context have focused on its representation in Nollywood movies and other arguments centred on ethics, culture and religion, with little attention paid to how queer people are framed by the Nigerian media. This study, therefore, explores agency and processes in the representation of gay people in news reports of selected Nigerian newspapers, in order to unearth how this social group is discursively constructed in the Nigerian context. Drawing on insights from Fairclough’s approach to critical discourse analysis and Halliday’s Systemic Functional Linguistics, this study considers three popular Nigerian newspapers (Vanguard, Nigerian TribuneandThe Punch) within three years (2013–2015, being the period of intense debate on the legalisation of the anti-gay bill in Nigeria). Results reveal that gay people are negatively evaluated as actors of negative material processes such as ‘murder’ and other violent actions, and goals of the actions of ‘arrests’ and ‘remands’, ideologically portraying them as criminals and dangerous. The study provides insight into the biased posturing of the Nigerian media on important social/national issues such as same-sex relationships.
Il congiuntivo alla danese
Authors: Andersen Anders , Strudsholm Erling
Published: February 2022

This article assesses the theory of ‘the subjunctive as a subordination marker’ proposed by Schmitt Jensen (1970a) in light of recent advances in the study of complementation. It argues that the
theory is consistent with the functional framework of Givón (2001) where event
integration is said to be mirrored in syntactic integration, but that it has to be revised on two points. Firstly, instead of
marking syntactic subordination, we propose that the subjunctive is used to prompt a non-referring construal of the subordinate
clause in certain constructions. Secondly, we suggest that the subjunctive prompts a conceptually secondary construal of the
subordinate clause in other constructions. By proposing a twofold function of the subjunctive, we can keep the main findings of
Schmitt Jensen while avoiding potential circularity and shortcomings that the syntactic theory of the subjunctive faces when
applied to, e.g., mood alternation.
A triboelectric nanosensor based on ultra-thin MXene composite paper for heavy metal ion detection
Authors: Wang Engui , Cao Yu , Bai Yuan , Gai Yansong , Shan Yizhu , Li Qi , Jiang Tao , Feng Hongqing , Li Zhou
Published: February 2022

Heavy metal pollution has become increasingly serious in recent decades with the progress of industrialization, posing a significant threat to human health. This raises the demand for portable and ease of use heavy metal ion detection devices. In this study, we develop ultra-thin (5 µm) and highly flexible composite paper of MXene/bacterial cellulose (M/BC
x
, with x denoting the BC content) and apply it in a self-powered triboelectric nanosensor (TENS) to do heavy metal ion detection. The M/BC
x
composite paper is fabricated using a simple vacuum filtration method, and combines the advantages of the high electrical conductivity of MXene with the excellent mechanical properties of BC. The TENS employs the M/BC
x
composite paper and polytetrafluoroethylene as the friction layers, and the influences of different ratios of M/BC
x
on the electrical signals is investigated. The TENS shows high sensitivity in the detection of Cu2+, Cr3+, and Zn2+, as the detection limit is as low as 1 µM without the need of ligand molecules. A linear range of 10–300 µM is obtained. The TENS also shows excellent stability after more than 10 000 continuous operations. This simple-structured, cost-effective and durable TENS device provides new insights into the methodology of heavy metal ion detection and can be further developed for the detection of the corresponding ions in serum.
Coal petrography extraction approach based on multiscale mixed-attention-based residual U-net
Authors: Jin Houxin , Cao Le , Kan Xiu , Sun Weizhou , Yao Wei , Wang Xialin
Published: February 2022

Coal petrography extraction is crucial for the accurate analysis of coal reaction characteristics in coal gasification, coal coking, and metal smelting. Nevertheless, automatic extraction remains a challenging task because of the grayscale overlap between exinite and background regions in coal photomicrographs. Inspired by the excellent performance of neural networks in the image segmentation field, this study proposes a reliable coal petrography extraction method that achieves precise segmentation of coal petrography from the background regions. This method uses a novel semantic segmentation model based on Unet, referred to as M2AR-Unet. To improve the efficiency of network learning, the proposed M2AR-Unet framework takes Unet as a baseline and further optimizes the network structure in four ways, namely, an improved residual block composed of four units, a mixed attention module containing multiple attention mechanisms, an edge feature enhancement strategy, and a multiscale feature extraction module composed of a feature pyramid and atrous spatial pyramid pooling module. Compared to current state-of-the-art segmentation network models, the proposed M2AR-Unet offers improved coal petrography extraction integrity and edge extraction.