bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El debate sobre la voluntariedad o la obligatoriedad de la vacunación en tiempos de pandemia
Authors: DELGADO GARRIDO CARMEN
Published: March 2022

a obligatoriedad o voluntariedad de la vacunación es tema de debate
en la crisis sanitaria por Covid-19. La apuesta por la voluntariedad responde
a la amplia aceptación social de la vacunación y la incierta evidencia científica actual.
No obstante, el análisis de la normativa sanitaria y la de emergencias permitiría
la imposición de una vacunación obligatoria en determinados supuestos. Así
lo demuestra el estudio de la jurisprudencia en supuestos anteriores y coetáneos
a la pandemia. Por su parte, la reciente STEDH de 8 de abril de 2021 (caso Vavřička)
avala la legitimidad de la vacunación infantil obligatoria, atendiendo al interés
superior del menor y a la solidaridad social. Esta doctrina supone un nuevo
enfoque para el debate en torno a la limitación y ponderación de derechos en materia
de vacunación. Lege ferenda, el trabajo propone una reforma legislativa que
clarifique y refuerce el modelo vacunal español.

Covid-19aren osasun-krisian eztabaidagai izan da txertaketa
borondatezkoa edo nahitaezkoa izan behar ote den. Borondatezkoa izatearen aldeko
apustua egin da, gizartean txertaketa oso onartuta dagoelako eta egungo
ebidentzia zientifikoa zalantzazkoa delako. Hala ere, osasunaren eta larrialdien gaineko
araudia aztertuta, zenbait kasutan nahitaezko txertaketa ezar liteke. Halaxe
erakutsi du jurisprudentziaren azterketak pandemiaren aurreko eta garaiko beste
kasu batzuetan. Bestalde, Giza Eskubideen Europako Auzitegiaren 2021eko apirilaren
8ko Epaiak (Vavřička kasua) berariaz bermatzen du umeen kasuan nahitaezko
txertaketa ezar daitekeela, kontuan hartuta adingabearen interes gorena eta gizarte-
elkartasuna. Doktrina horrek ikuspegi berri bat dakar txertaketaren gaineko
eskubideak mugatu edo haztatzeko orduan. Etorkizunean legea berritzen bada, Espainiako
egungo txertaketa-eredua argitu eta indartuko duen erreforma proposatzen
du lan honek.

The mandatory or voluntary nature of vaccination is the subject
of debate in the health crisis due to Covid-19. The commitment to voluntariness
responds to the wide social acceptance of vaccination and the uncertain
current scientific evidence. However, the analysis of health and emergency
regulations would allow the imposition of a mandatory vaccination in certain
cases. This is demonstrated by the study of jurisprudence in cases prior to and
contemporaneous with the pandemic. For its part, the recent ECHRS of April 8,
2021 (Vavřička case) endorses the legitimacy of compulsory childhood vaccination,
taking into account the best interests of the minor and social solidarity. This
doctrine represents a new approach to the debate on the limitation and weighting
of rights in the field of vaccination. Lege ferenda, this paper proposes a legislative
reform that clarifies and reinforces the Spanish vaccination model.
La pandemia, el estado de alarma y los jueces
Authors: LUCAS MURILLO DE LA CUEVA PABLO
Published: March 2022

a pandemia que se ha extendido por el mundo desde principios
de 2020 ha conmovido los cimientos de la sociedad y ha exigido de los poderes
públicos medidas enérgicas dirigidas a combatirla. Los efectos de la propagación
de la enfermedad y de las disposiciones establecidas para impedirla han
originado y seguirán originando una intensa conflictividad jurídica sobre la que
han tenido y tendrán que pronunciarse los tribunales. Este trabajo expone cuáles
han sido sus principales expresiones en el período que va desde marzo de 2020
a mayo de 2021. Se centra en los problemas suscitados ante la Sala Tercera del
Tribunal Supremo, pero también refleja otros que pudieron llegar a ella. En su
conjunto, muestra los instrumentos jurídicos utilizados y los debates abiertos en
torno a ellos y a sus límites. Señala que no son especialmente diferentes a los establecidos
en otros países europeos y concluye que, en un contexto de emergencia,
la respuesta judicial ha buscado el equilibrio en la protección de los derechos
enfrentados.

2020. urtearen hasieratik munduan barrena zabaldu den pandemiak
gizartearen oinarriak kolokan jarri ditu, eta, beraz, agintari publikoek neurri
garrantzitsuak hartu behar izan dituzte hari aurre egiteko. Gaixotasuna hedatzearen
eta hori saihesteko ezarritako xedapenen ondorioz, gatazka juridiko bizia sortu
da eta sortuko da hainbat gaitan. Hori dela eta, auzitegiek gai horiei buruzko irizpenak
eman behar izan dituzte, eta etorkizunean ere eman beharko dituzte. 2020ko
martxotik 2021eko maiatzera bitartean auzitegien adierazpen nagusiak zein izan diren
azaltzen da lan honetan. Auzitegi Gorenaren Hirugarren Salan aztertutako arazoak
jorratu dira bereziki, baina bertan egon ahal izan diren beste auzi batzuk ere
islatzen dira. Oro har, erabili diren tresna juridikoak eta horien gainean eta horien
mugen gainean egon diren eztabaidak azaltzen dira. Lan honen arabera, tresna horiek
ez dira Europako beste herrialde batzuetan ezarritakoen oso ezberdinak, eta,
ondorioztatzen denez, larrialdi-egoeran, erantzun judizialaren helburua elkarren
aurka zeuden eskubideen babesean oreka lortzea izan da.

The pandemic that spreaded worldwide from the beginning of
2020 has moved the foundations of our society and has demanded public powers
to adopt robust measures aimed at combatting it. The effects of the disease
transmission and of those provisions laid down to restrain it have triggered and
will be provoking intense legal disputes upon which courts will have to rule. This
work exposes the main trends observed from March 2020 to May 2021. It focuses
on the problems raised before the Third Chamber of the Supreme Court but it also
reflects others that could have reached it. Taken together, it shows the legal tools
used ant the open debates around them and their limits. It points out that they are
not particularly different to those established in other European countries and it
concludes that, in an emergency context, the judicial response has searched for a
balance in the protection of confronted rights.
¿Nuevos paradigmas en la interpretación jurídica de la doble oficialidad lingüística?
Authors: URRUTIA LIBARONA IÑIGO
Published: March 2022

El trabajo analiza la variación del canon de constitucionalidad de
la política lingüística en la jurisprudencia, que ha trasladado el eje de la constitucionalidad
de la legislación lingüística desde la «garantía de la doble oficialidad» al «inexcusable equilibrio» entre las lenguas oficiales a la hora de definirla. La disponibilidad
legislativa ya no encuentra su límite únicamente en la garantía del derecho
de opción de lengua, sino en una idea de «equilibrio» que ha de presidir el
tratamiento normativo, constriñendo la disponibilidad de los poderes públicos sobre
la materia. Ello supone adentrarse en el ámbito de la definición de la política
lingüística, cuyo diseño, puesta en práctica y realización corresponde a los poderes
públicos autonómicos.

Lan honek hizkuntza-politikaren konstituzionaltasun-kanonak
jurisprudentzian izan duen aldaketa aztertzen du. Hizkuntza-legeriaren konstituzionaltasunaren
ardatza aldatuz joan da, ofizialtasun bikoitzaren bermetik hizkuntza
ofizialen arteko oreka saihestezinera bitartean. Gaur egun, hizkuntza arloan legegilearen
muga ez da soilik hizkuntza aukeratzeko eskubidearen bermea, baizik eta
araudi-tratamenduan nagusi izan behar duen «oreka» ideia. Honek botere publiko
eskudunen ahalmena mugatzen du, hizkuntza politikaren esparrua txikitzen baitu.

he work analyzes the variation of the parameter of constitutionality
of linguistic policy in case law, which has moved the axis of the constitutionality of
linguistic legislation from the «guarantee of the two official languages regime» to
the «inexcusable balance» between the official languages at the time of defining
it. Legislative availability does no longer finds its limit only in the guarantee of
the right of choice of language, but in an idea of "balance" that must govern the
regultaroy treatment, encumbering the availability of public powers over the matter.
This means breaking into the scope of the definition of language policy, whose
design, implementation and enforcement corresponds to the autonomous public
powers.
La garantía de la inviolabilidad del domicilio (Art. 18.2 CE): jurisprudencia (TC, TEDH y TJUE) y legislación
Authors: ZOCO ZABALA CRISTINA
Published: March 2022

La garantía de la inviolabilidad del domicilio (art. 18.2 CE) de
acuerdo a la doctrina del TC y el TEDH propone una relación débil entre domicilio
y su destino natural, el desarrollo de la vida privada. Ello posee efectos sobre el
alcance garantista del derecho y la seguridad jurídica. A ello se une el incremento
progresivo de la flexibilidad de la relación entre domicilio y su titular en la jurisprudencia
y la legislación ¿persona física o jurídica¿.
La inviolabilidad del domicilio posee, tradicionalmente, una textura claramente
reaccional. Sin embargo, el TEDH, con apoyo en el art. 8.1 del CEDH ha terminado
por incluir contenidos como el de un medioambiente sano o una habitación efectiva.
Todo ello está forzando, sin duda, elementos del derecho fundamental acogido
en nuestra Constitución.

izilekuaren bortxaezintasunaren bermeak (Espainiako Konstituzioaren
18.2. artikulua), Konstituzio Auzitegiaren eta Giza Eskubideen Europako
Auzitegiaren doktrinaren arabera, harreman ahula proposatzen du helbidearen eta
jomuga naturalaren artean, hots, bizitza pribatua garatzeko lekuan. Horrek ondorioak
eragiten ditu eskubide hori bermatzeko orduan eta haren segurtasun juridikoan.
Gainera, jurisprudentzian eta legedian ¿pertsona fisikoa edo juridikoa¿ geroz
eta malgutasun handiagoa dago helbidearen eta titularraren arteko harremana
finkatzerakoan.
Bizilekuaren bortxaezintasunak, tradizionalki, erreakzio-izaera izan du, argi eta
garbi. Hala ere, azkenerako, Giza Eskubideen Europako Auzitegiak, Giza Eskubideen
Europako Hitzarmenaren 8.1. artikuluaren babesarekin, ingurune sanoa edo
benetako gela bezalako edukiak sartu behar izan ditu. Horrek guztiak, nola ez, eragina
du gure Konstituzioan babestutako oinarrizko eskubide honen elementuetan.

The guarantee of the inviolability of the home (art. 18.2 SC)
according to the Constitutional Court and Europen Court of Human Rights doctrine
suggests a weak relationship between home and its natural aim, the development
of privacy. It does have effects on the more extensive protection of the right and
legal certainty. To that, one must add the progressive increase of the flexibility in
the releatioship between the home and its holder in the case law and legislation
¿ natural or legal person¿.
The inviolability of the home has traditionaly a clear reactional structure.
Nonetheless, the European Court of Human Rights, with support in art. 8.1 of
the European Convention of Human Rights has eventualy included contents as a
healthy environment or an effective living. This is indeed forcing elements of the
fundamental right as it is embraced by our Constitution.
EQUITABLE REPRESENTATION OF ECONOMIC INTERESTS OF MEMBERS OF THE UNITED NATIONS ORGANIZATION, A MYTH OR A REALITY?
Authors: Oguno Prof. P. E. O. , Nzute Henry
Published: March 2022

International organizations, despite their widely diverging objectives, powers, fields of activity and number of member states, share all kinds of problems. The rules for dealing with these problems are often times termed “similar”. There is no gain saying that the world, being a global village, depends for her future on international order. Our destiny is increasingly influenced by the activities – or lack thereof – of international organizations. These activities affect our daily life more than we often realize. The growing significance of international organizations makes it necessary to analyze their law and practice, and most especially representation of interests. There are countless Organizations that make up an assemblage of the International Organizations.Each organization has its own unique law and practice, designed for the realization of its objectives. Consequent to the Second World War, various international organizations sprung up almost automatically as soon as an international problem arose and the need for foreign countries, with their respective and divergent levels of wielding economic might, to cooperate to bring a long or lasting solution to the said identified problem. These problems ranged from natural/man-made disasters, nuclear accidents, Hunger, epidemics/pandemics, spread of radiation, civil war,modern weaponry, international terrorism and other security threat etc.In dealing with these problems however, it is expected that the laws and practices of these and other international organizations are frequently taken into account.The challenge however, being that these institutions as have been formed, do not have the same level of Economic Sagacity and wield power, especially with their respective contributions to the finding of lasting solutions to these problems.This presentation further intends to peer into andreconcile the wish of states to remain independent with the reality of a growing list of trans-boundary problems. It further sets to look at whether the creation and functioning of the United Nations Organization on the international stage did not relegate sovereign states to the wings, thereby leaving an aura that states remain the leading actors in international relations to the extent of their economic prowess and contribution
Modern Urban Forestry for Modern Cities: Technology Challenges and Opportunities for the Remote Sensing of Urban Forests
Authors: Staley Daniel C.
Published: March 2022

Background: As human populations urbanize, urban forests in many areas are decreasing in canopy extent due to disruptions on several fronts, including novel pests and diseases, climate change, and changing land uses. Methods: A review of the remote sensing, computing, and environmental literature was performed to provide an overview of current technology capabilities and to detail an agenda for a modern approach to urban forestry challenges. How to prepare current and future professionals to collect and analyze “Big Data,” how to implement results, and what communication skills are needed in a modern world to provide resilient urban forests in the connected future were also reviewed. Results: This paper outlines an agenda for how the urban forestry professions can identify, analyze, and manage emergent disruptions to continue to provide urban forest benefits to residents in its shade. Current remote-sensing systems, the paradigm of Big Data, and collection and analysis platforms are discussed, and relevant scenarios are provided to guide insight into managing forests with a rejuvenated perspective using remote-sensing hardware and software. Conclusions: Modern cities will require modern digital urban forestry management, and current and future professionals must be able to access and utilize technology, sensors, and Big Data to effectively perform vegetation management and communication tasks. This paper details the framework for a new era of modern urban forest management in highly connected, resilient cities.
Opportunities and challenges for Vietnam’s trade in CPTPP
Authors:   International Economic Faculty, Banking University of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam., Tuyet LE Thi Anh
Published: March 2022

The study aims to generalize the current situation of trade and analyze Vietnam’s imports and exports in the CPTPP by commodity category using the trade indicator method. Research data is conducted from 2001 to 2018 on the official website of UNComtrade. The article has proven that Vietnam will have to compete with Malaysia, Mexico, Chile, Peru, and Singapore, and have many opportunities to boost exports with Australia, Canada and Japan in the CPTPP. Regarding product groups, the CPTPP will be a great opportunity for Vietnam to boost exports of textile products, leather shoes and wooden products; but it will bring many challenges to the group of vegetables, fruits, seafood and electronics. Based on these findings, the article suggests a number of policies to promote trade between Vietnam and CPTPP countries in the future.
2D brachytherapy planning versus 3D brachytherapy planning for patients with cervical cancer
Authors:   , Govender Natalie
Published: March 2022

Research Aims The purpose of this study is to compare 2D HDR Brachytherapy planning and 3D HDR Brachytherapy planning in terms of dose distribution in order to accurately determine bladder and rectal doses. Further research questions were explored to determine whether relationships existed between Computer Tomography volumes and bladder and rectum dose. Methodology The 30 female patients that volunteered for the study were conveniently selected. Their age and ethnic group did not contribute to their selection. All participants were prepared for cervical HDR Brachytherapy. The Brachytherapy templates were computer generated and treatments were given based on the templates. They then had a Computer Tomography (CT) scan (3D data set) of the pelvis. The computer generated templates for 2D Brachytherapy planning were applied to the CT data set i.e. 2DBP. The plans were optimised to take into consideration the dose to the bladder and the rectum i.e. 3DBP. The 2DBP and the 3DBP were then evaluated in order to determine which method of planning yielded more acceptable dose distributions to the bladder and rectum. Results Significant differences in dose distribution were noted on comparison of 2DBP and 3DBP. A significant relationship was noted in respect of bladder mean dose and rectum mean dose. 3DBP proved to be more efficient in yielding lower mean dose to the bladder and the rectum. Whilst a significant relationship was noted in respect of bladder maximum dose, an insignificant relationship was noted for rectum maximum dose. Therefore, the efficiency of 3DBP to yield lower bladder maximum dose was established but its efficiency to yield lower rectum maximum dose is questionable. This has implications for the management of patients’ with cervical cancer who require cervical Brachytherapy. Recommendations It is imperative that imaging modalities be used for the accurate planning of cervical Brachytherapy. This study recommends that CT be used for HDR Brachytherapy planning by proving its greater efficiency compared to template planning.
A lifecycle evaluation of Health Care Waste Management by General Practitioners in South Durban
Authors:   , Boodhram Litonya
Published: March 2022

Health care waste management (HCWM) poses a major risk due to its hazardous and deleterious effects on the environment and communities. It is imperative that specific and correct strategies from generation to final disposal, are implemented at all health care facilities (HCFs). A search of the literature has shown that many incorrect HCWM procedures have been found in HCFs, especially in developing countries. In South Africa, research on HCWM was mainly undertaken in municipal or government hospitals while it appeared to be non-existent in the private sector. This study therefore minimized this important gap in the private sector by investigating the lifecycle evaluation of HCWM by General Practitioners (GPs) in South Durban. The objectives included the following: 1) to assess the GPs‟ knowledge and practices of the hierarchy of waste principles; 2) to evaluate occupational risks associated with handling health care waste in GPs‟ surgeries and 3) to determine regulations utilized during the HCWM process in GPs‟ surgeries. GPs belonging to the Durban South Doctors Guild (DSDG) were assessed in a two staged interview process using a questionnaire and a regulations checklist. Overall, the results indicated that private practicing GPs in the South Durban area do practice HCWM in a responsible manner. Age appeared to play a significant role in terms of knowledge and practices. The areas of compliance showed that correct segregation was practiced by 92% of the sample group and 100% of the GPs utilized accredited waste collection services. Areas of concern were that while regular HCWM seminars were convened by the DSDG, the response rate was poor. Additionally, there seemed to be a lack of knowledge regarding the definition of infectious waste as 18% of GPs noted that their facilities did not produce this type of waste. The occupational risks appeared to be minimal with only 6% of GPs experiencing needle-stick injuries. The GPs were knowledgeable and practiced HCWM according to appropriate South African legislation. In response to the areas of concern, seven recommendations are proposed. This study established that HCWM in private practicing GPs surgeries in the South Durban area are being carried out correctly and in accordance with specific South African regulations and policies. It would also be beneficial when undertaking future research to obtain more holistic outcomes by including GPs who: a) are younger than the majority age group noted in this study; b) have their surgeries in other previously disadvantaged and under-resourced communities; c) are female and; d) are of African, White or Coloured descent.
Reseña de Francisco de Rojas Zorrilla, Obras completas, vol. VIII. Tragedias sueltas, edición crítica y anotada del Instituto Almagro de teatro clásico, dirigida por Felipe B. Pedraza Jiménez y Rafael González Cañal; coordinadora del volumen: Milagros Rodríguez Cáceres, Cuenca, Ediciones de la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 2021, 513 págs., ISBN: 978-84-9044-497-9
Authors: Santana Bustamante Carmen
Published: March 2022

RESUMEN: Reseña de Francisco de Rojas Zorrilla, Obras completas, vol. VIII, edición crítica y anotada del Instituto Almagro de teatro clásico, dirigida por Felipe B. Pedraza Jiménez y Rafael González Cañal; vol. coordinado por Milagros Rodríguez Cáceres, Cuenca, Ediciones de la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 2021.

ABSTRACT: A review of Francisco de Rojas Zorrilla, Obras completas, vol. VIII…, edición crítica y anotada del Instituto Almagro de teatro clásico, dirigida por Felipe B. Pedraza Jiménez y Rafael González Cañal; vol. coordinated by Milagros Rodríguez Cáceres, Cuenca, Ediciones de la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 2021.
Analisis Pemanfaatan Sistem Informasi Manajemen Rumah Sakit (SIMRS) Pada RRSUD DOK II Jayapura
Authors: Molly Ruth , Itaar Meyrolen
Published: March 2022

The development and progress of information technology are now very broad. For an agency/company, the information used as the basis for administration and data processing is an application system in various fields that are required to use the information system. Hospital information systems have an important role in clinical and administrative services. Hospitals that use an electronic-based system (SIMRS) are designed to integrate the hospital's main functions into one unified system that is stored in a central database.
Nafkah Sebuah Konsekuensi Logis dari Pernikahan
Authors: Faizah Isniyatin
Published: March 2022

Pemberian nafkah merupakan kewajiban seorang suami terhadap isteri setelah adanya ikatan pernikahan yang sah, isteri menyerahkan dirinya kepada suaminya, isteri bersedia diajak pindah tempat sesuai dengan keinginan suami, isteri tersebut adalah orang yang telah dewasa, isteri patuh dan taat kepada suami. Dalam hal seperti ini isteri berhak mendapatkan apa yang menjadi haknya selama isteri tidak nusyuz dan tidak ada sebab lain yang akan menyebabkan terhalangnya nafkah, yang mengakui bahwa orang yang menjadi milik orang lain dan diambil manfaatnya maka nafkahnya menjadi tanggungan orang yang menguasainya. Adapun ukuran nafkah itu diukur berdasarkan kebutuhan isteri yang mencakup sandang, pangan dan papan, sedangkan ulama mazhab lain mengatakan disesuaikan kondisi suami, bukan kondisi isteri. Adapun nafkah bagi isteri ghaib ketika akad dilaksanakan dan suami mengetahui bahwa isterinya itu seorang wanita pekerja/karir yang tidak mungkin tinggal di rumah, maka suami tidak berhak meminta isterinya untuk meninggalkan pekerjaannya. Akan tetapi kalau suami memintanya juga, dan isterinya tidak memenuhi permintaannya tersebut, maka kewajiban memberi nafkah kepada isterinya itu tidak menjadi gugur. Apabila suami tidak mengetahui kalau isterinya adalah seorang wanita pekerja/karir ketika akad dilaksanakan, maka suami berhak meminta isterinya meninggalkan pekerjaannya, dan kalau isterinya tidak memenuhi permintaannya tersebut, maka dia tidak berhak atas nafkah.
Tinjauan Maqasid al-Syari’ah Terhadap Penetapan Permohonan Wali Adhal di Pengadilan Agama Lamongan (Studi Terhadap Penetapan No. 0073/Pdt.P/2008/Pa.Lmg.)
Authors: Fauziyah Ulfiyatul , Shofiyatun Nisa’ Ihda , Roisotul A Yuli
Published: March 2022

Kesesuaian dasar dan pertimbangan hakim dalam memberikan penetapan mengenai adhalnya wali dengan kemaslahatan yang ditimbulkan. Dalam perkara No.: 0073/Pdt.P/2008/PA.Lmg., wali pemohon keberatan menikahkan anak perempuannya dengan tidak menyertakan alasan yang jelas dan sesuai syar’i. Hal ini tidak dibenarkan menurut peraturan hukum yang berlaku karena merupakan perbuatan yang dzalim. Adanya penolakan dari wali pemohon, maka dikhawatirkan akan terjadi hal-hal yang bertentangan dengan syari’at Islam, misalnya terjadinya hamil di luar nikah atau kawin lari. Oleh karena itu, pernikahan antara pemohon dan calon suami pemohon lebih mendatangkan maslahah. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kepustakaan (library research). Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis kualitatif yang bersifat deskriptik-analitik serta menggunakan pendekatan normatif-empiris. Hasil penelitian ini adalah; Pertimbangan hakim menurut maqasid al-syari’ah yaitu permohonan penetapan wali adhal termasuk hifzh al-din dan hifzh al-nasl, sedangkan pertimbangan hakim menurut hukum positif bahwa ayah pemohon tidak suka dengan calon suami pemohon terdapat dalam Pasal 18 ayat (4) Peraturan Menteri Agama RI Nomor 11 Tahun 2007 dan dalam Pasal 19 Kompilasi Hukum Islam disebutkan bahwa wali nikah merupakan rukun yang harus dipenuhi bagi calon mempelai wanita, karena tidak sah menikah tanpa wali. Walaupun seorang wali mempunyai hak untuk memilihkan calon suami bagi anaknya, wali dilarang mempersulit perkawinan wanita yang berada dalam perwaliannya selama mendapatkan calon yang sekufu. Apabila seorang wali menolak untuk menikahkan wanita yang berada dalam perwaliannya, maka disebut sebagai wali adhal (keberatan).
Bagian Ahli Waris Laki-laki dan Perempuan dalam Kajian Hukum Islam
Authors: Faizah Isniyatin , Utami Parera Febiyanti , Kamelya Silvana
Published: March 2022

Abstrak:  Harta warisan adalah semua peninggalan pewaris yang berupa hak dan kewajiban atau semua harta kekayaan yang ditinggalaki-lakian untuk dibagikan kepada yang berhak (ahli waris). Dalam pembagian harta warisan antara laki-laki dan perempuan juga perlu adanya asas keadilan tanpa mendiskriminasikan antara laki-laki dan perempuan. Berbeda pada masa jahiliyyah, pembagian warisan hanya berlaku pada laki-laki saja dan terhadap anak yang belum dewasa, anak perempuan atau kaum perempuan tidak berhak mendapat warisan dari harta peninggalan orang yang meninggal dunia. Setelah Islam sempurna pembagian warisan tidak lagi pembedaan antara ahli waris anak-anak, perempuan, dan orang dewasa dalam memperoleh hak-haknya untuk menerima warisan. Dalam hukum Islam, tentang pembagian warisan telah ditetapkan dalam Q.S. al-Nisā’ ayat 11, khususnya tentang bagian laki-laki dan perempuan. KHI mengatur kewarisan dalam pasal 174 yang termasuk golongan laki-laki yaitu ayah, anak laki-laki, saudara laki-laki, paman dan kakek dan golongan perempuan terdiri dari ibu, anak perempuan, saudara perempuan dan nenek. Dalam pasal 176 dijelaskan tentang besarnya bagian. Anak perempuan bila hanya seorang, ia mendapat separoh bagian, bila dua orang atau lebih, mereka bersama-sama mendapat dua pertiga bagian, dan apabila anak perempuan bersama-sama dengan anak laki-laki, maka bagian anak laki-laki adalah dua berbanding satu dengan anak perempuan.
Ghosting Pasca Peminangan/Khitbah Menurut Hukum Perdata Indonesia dan Hukum Islam
Authors: Imaduddin Aufi , Firdausi Mir’atul , Iswahyuni Tiyan
Published: March 2022

Abstrak:  Ghosting dapat diartikan mengakhiri hubungan secara mendadak dalam percintaan maupun pertemanan. Dalam percintaan para remaja yang menjalin hubungan atau pacaran seringkali mengalami dijanjikan untuk dinikahi tetapi janji tersebut tidak ditepati. Janji menikahi ini berbeda dengan perjanjian perkawinan sebagaimana dalam Undang-Undang nomor 1 tahun 1975 tentang perkawinan, janji menikahi yang dianggap sebagai ghosting ini disampaikan lewat lisan berupa rayuan, bahkan ada yang merayu untuk berhubungan badan dengan janji untuk dinikahi namun kemudian mengingkari janji tersebut dan menghilang begitu saja padahal persiapan pernikahan sudah 90 persen. Kejadian ini sudah banyak terjadi dari dahulu hingga saat ini. Dalam hukum perdata, ghosting yang menyebabkan  pembatalan lamaran atau pinangan tidak menimbulkan hak untuk menuntut berlangsungnya perkawinan kepada pengadilan, juga tidak ada hak untuk menuntut ganti rugi biaya akibat tidak dipenuhinya janji menikahi yang dilakukan oleh pelaku, akan tetapi ganti rugi bisa dituntut ketika sudah ada pengumuman tentang perkawinan tersebut dalam tenggang waktu delapan belas bulan terhitung dari pengumuman perkawinan. Sama halnya dalam hukum Islam ghosting yang menyebabkan pembatalan khitbah juga tidak mengikat dan tidak ada konsekuensi apapun sebelum adanya akad nikah, namun pembatalan lamaran atau khitbah harus dengan tata cara yang baik sesuai dengan tuntutan kebiasaan agar bisa saling menjaga kehormatan dan silaturrahim masing-masing.
Matériaux d’emballage multicouches
Authors: ŠČETAR Mario
Published: March 2022

Ce chapitre décrit les procédés d’assemblage de matériaux multicouches, car collage ou co-extrusion, utilisant papiers, plastiques ou métaux en feuilles mince. Le calcul des propriétés barrières est expliqué. Les aspects réglementaires et de sécurité sanitaire sont discutés.
Bouchons, couvercles, capsules, et autres systèmes de fermeture
Authors: GALIĆ Kata
Published: March 2022

Selon l’emballage considéré (bouteille, flacon, pots, barquettes) de nombreuses solutions de fermeture existent, du bouchon de liège à l’opercule multicouche à base de papier, plastique et aluminium. Ce chapitre passe en revue les différents systèmes existants, les matériaux utilisés et leurs caractéristiques.
Vers la prise en compte des compétences émotionnelles comme compétences scolaires
Authors: GUERAUD Sabine , GOYET Louise
Published: March 2022

Ce chapitre retrace l’évolution du concept et des théories sous-jacentes de l’émotion. Il détaille ensuite le développement des compétences émotionnelles et le rôle de ces capacités dans le développement du lien social. Enfin, il aborde le lien tenu existant entre théorie de l’esprit, compétences langagières et développement des compétences émotionnelles. Ces éléments permettent de souligner le rôle des compétences émotionnelles dans les apprentissages et l’acquisition des connaissances.
Trauma, cognition et apprentissage
Authors: CAPAROS Serge
Published: March 2022

Ce chapitre porte sur l’impact d’une expérience de vie traumatique sur les processus cognitifs et la capacité d’apprentissage. Ce chapitre présentera plusieurs études montrant l’impact chronique que peuvent avoir des expériences stressantes sur le fonctionnement cognitif et émotionnel de l’individu, ce qui est susceptible d’avoir des conséquences importantes – et négatives – sur ses capacités d’apprentissage.
Mutations agricoles et pullulations de campagnols prairiaux
Authors: GIRAUDOUX Patrick
Published: March 2022

Quarante années de recherche sur les causes et conséquences et sur le contrôle de pullulations de campagnols dans les prairies du massif du Jura montrent qu’il n’y a pas d’autre action efficace que celles qui se fondent sur la reconnaissance de la dimension multifactorielle du phénomène et la mise en action sur le long terme de collectifs des secteurs concernés (agriculteurs, chasseurs, naturalistes, administrations, chercheurs, etc.).
Les visions « indigènes » de la maladie et des risques liés à l’échinococcose alvéolaire
Authors: JACQUES-JOUVENOT Dominique
Published: March 2022

Ce chapitre tente de saisir les visions indigènes de la maladie dans la population agricole, à propos de l’échinococcose alvéolaire. Le rapport des acteurs à la santé et à la prévention active dépend de celui qu’ils entretiennent avec la nature - généreuse et saine, ou au contraire dangereuse et polluée- et d’autre part de la proximité spatiale d’une personne malade ou décédée de cette maladie.
Evaluation of the daytime tropospheric loss of 2-methylbutanal
Authors: Asensio María , Antiñolo María , Blázquez Sergio , Albaladejo José , Jiménez Elena
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Saturated aldehydes, e.g. 2-methylbutanal (2 MB,
CH3CH2CH(CH3)C(O)H), are emitted into the atmosphere by
several biogenic sources. The first step in the daytime atmospheric
degradation of 2 MB involves gas-phase reactions initiated by hydroxyl (OH)
radicals, chlorine (Cl) atoms, and/or sunlight. In this work, we report the
rate coefficients for the gas-phase reaction of 2 MB with OH (kOH) and Cl
(kCl), together with the photolysis rate coefficient (J), in the
ultraviolet solar actinic region in Valencia (Spain) at different times of
the day. The temperature dependence of kOH was described in the 263–353 K range by the following Arrhenius expression:
kOH(T)=(8.88±0.41)×10-12 exp[(331±14)/T] cm3 molec.−1 s−1. At 298 K, the reported kOH and
kCl are (2.68±0.07)×10-11 and (2.16±0.32)×10-10 cm3 molec.−1 s−1, respectively. Identification and quantification of
the gaseous products of the Cl reaction and those from the photodissociation
of 2 MB were carried out in a smog chamber by different techniques (Fourier
transform infrared spectroscopy, proton transfer time-of-flight mass
spectrometry, and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry). The
formation and size distribution of secondary organic aerosols formed in the
Cl reaction were monitored by a fast mobility particle sizer spectrometer. A
discussion on the relative importance of the first step in the daytime
atmospheric degradation of 2 MB is presented together with the impact of the
degradation products in marine atmospheres.
The effect of anthropogenic heat emissions on global warming
Authors: Karamanev Dimitre
Published: March 2022

Abstract. The use of different primary energy sources in human society has led to two major polluting emissions in the environment: energy (mostly heat), and chemical substances (mostly carbon dioxide). In this paper, a new approach, based on the similarity between sensible heat and CO2 transfer properties, was used to determine the effect of anthropogenic heat release on the global air temperature. The total global anthropogenic emissions of sensible heat were divided into two separate streams: directly transferred to: (1) water and land, and (2) to the atmosphere. The direct emissions of heat to the atmosphere during the industrial era (years 1850–2018) were determined and their effect on the change of global atmospheric temperature was calculated. The global atmospheric temperature increase caused by anthropogenic heat emissions was estimated. The resulting calculations showed that at least half of the actual atmospheric temperature rise recorded during the last 170-year period, was due to the anthropogenic heat release. These results suggest that the temperature change of the atmosphere (global warming) is strongly affected by anthropogenic heat emissions.
LegacyPollen 1.0: A taxonomically harmonized global Late Quaternary pollen dataset of 2831 records with standardized chronologies
Authors: Herzschuh Ulrike , Li Chenzhi , Böhmer Thomas , Postl Alexander K. , Heim Birgit , Andreev Andrei A. , Cao Xianyong , Wieczorek Mareike , Ni Jian
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Here we describe the LegacyPollen 1.0, a dataset of 2831 fossil pollen records with metadata, harmonized taxonomy, and standardized chronologies. A total of 1032 records originate from North America, 1075 from Europe, 488 from Asia, 150 from Latin America, 54 from Africa, and 32 from the Indo-Pacific. The pollen data cover the Late Quaternary (mostly the Holocene). The original 10,110 pollen taxa names (including variations in the notations) were harmonized to 1002 taxa, with woody taxa and major herbaceous taxa to genus level and other herbaceous taxa to family level. The dataset is valuable for synthesis studies such as taxa areal changes, vegetation dynamics, human impact (e.g., deforestation), and climate change at global or continental scales. The harmonized pollen and metadata as well as the harmonization table are available from PANGAEA (https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.929773; Herzschuh et al., 2021a). R code for the harmonization is provided at Zenodo (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5910972; Herzschuh et al., 2022) so that datasets at a customized harmonization level can be easily established.
Volume, formation and sedimentation of future glacier lakes in Switzerland
Authors: Steffen Tim , Huss Matthias , Estermann Rebekka , Hodel Elias , Farinotti Daniel
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Ongoing climate change and associated glacier retreat is causing rapid environmental change, including shifts in high-alpine landscapes. Glacier lakes, which can form in topographical depressions left behind by glacier retreat, are prominent features within such landscapes. Whilst model-based estimates for the number and area of future glacier lakes exist for various mountain regions across the world, the exact morphology and temporal evolution remain largely unassessed. Here, we leverage a recently released, measurement-based estimate for the subglacial topography of all glaciers in the Swiss Alps, to provide an estimate about the number, size, time of emergence, as well as sediment infill of future glacier lakes. The topographical information is based on 2,450 km measured ice thickness profiles, whilst the temporal evolution of glaciers is obtained from a glacier evolution model forced with an ensemble of climate projections. We estimate that up to 683 potential lakes with an area > 5,000 m2 and a depth > 5 m could emerge across the Swiss Alps if glaciers were to disappear completely, with the potential to hold a total water volume of up to 1.16 [1.05, 1.32] km3 (numbers and 95 % confidence interval). For a middle-of-the-road climate scenario, we estimate that about 10 % (0.12 [0.04, 0.18] km3) and 48 % (0.56 [0.26, 0.67] km3) of this volume could be realized by 2050 and 2100, respectively. In a first-order assessment, we also estimate that ca. 45 % of the newly emerging glacier lakes (260 out of 570) will be transient features, i.e. will disappear again before the end of the century owing to refilling with sediments released by glacial erosion and proglacial sediment transport.
Evaluation of an emergent feature of sub-shelf melt oscillations from an idealised coupled ice-sheet/ocean model using FISOC(v1.1)-ROMSIceShelf(v1.0)-Elmer/Ice(v9.0)
Authors: Zhao Chen , Gladstone Rupert , Galton-Fenzi Ben , Gwyther David , Hattermann Tore
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Changes in ocean-driven basal melting have a key influence on the stability of ice shelves, the mass loss from the ice sheet, ocean circulation and global sea level rise. Coupled ice sheet – ocean models have a critical role in understanding future ice sheet evolution and examining the processes governing ice sheet response to basal melting. However, as a new approach, coupled ice-sheet/ocean systems come with new challenges, and the impacts of solutions implemented to date have not been investigated. An emergent feature in several contributing coupled models to the Marine Ice Sheet–Ocean Model Intercomparison Project (MISOMIP) was a time-varying oscillation in basal melt rates. Here we use a recently developed coupling framework, FISOC (v1.1), to connect the modified ocean model ROMSIceShelf (v1.0) and ice-sheet model Elmer/Ice (v9.0), to investigate the origin and implications of the feature and more generally the impact of coupled modelling strategies on the simulated basal melt in an idealised ice shelf cavity, based on the MISOMIP setup. We found the spatial-averaged basal melt rates (3.56 m yr-1) oscillated with an amplitude ~ 0.7 m yr-1 and approximate period of ~ 6 years between year 30 and 100, depending on the experimental design. The melt oscillations emerged in the coupled system and the stand-alone ocean model using a prescribed change of cavity geometry. We found that the oscillation feature is closely related to the discretised ungrounding of the ice sheet, exposing new ocean, and is likely strengthened by a combination of positive buoyancy-melt feedback and/or melt-geometry feedback near the grounding line, and the frequent coupling of ice geometry and ocean evolution. Sensitivity tests demonstrate that the response is insensitive to the choice of coupling interval, vertical resolution in the ocean model, tracer properties of immediately ungrounded cells by the retreating ice sheet, or the dependency of friction velocities to the vertical resolution. However, we were unable to ultimately determine if the feature is as a result of either numerical issues due to discritisation, or a compounding of multiple physical processes. We suggest a pathway and choices of physical parameters to help other efforts understand the coupled ice-sheet/ocean system using numerical models.
Has the time come for regional periprosthetic joint infection centers in the United States? A first-year experience
Authors: Adrados Murillo , Valenzuela Michael M. , Springer Bryan D. , Odum Susan M. , Fehring Thomas K. , Otero Jesse E.
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Several fields of orthopedics have concluded benefits
from volume thresholds. We postulate that we could similarly optimize periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) treatment by creating a
regional referral center, concentrating expertise and resources. Here, we
review our reasoning and our first-year experience of a PJI referral center
in the United States.
Updated area-source seismogenic model for seismic hazard of Italy
Authors: Visini Francesco , Meletti Carlo , Rovida Andrea , D'Amico Vera , Pace Bruno , Pondrelli Silvia
Published: March 2022

Abstract. A new probabilistic seismic hazard model, called MPS19, has been recently proposed for the Italian territory, as a result of the efforts of a large national scientific community. This model is based on 11 groups of earthquake rupture forecast inputs and, particularly, on 5 area-source seismogenic models, including the so-called “MA4” model. Data-driven procedures were followed in MA4 to evaluate seismogenic parameters of each area source, such as upper and lower seismogenic depth, hypocentral depth distributions and nodal planes. In a few cases, expert judgment or ad-hoc assumptions were necessary due to the scarcity of data. MA4 consists of 20 seismicity models that consider epistemic uncertainty in the estimations of the completeness periods of the earthquake catalogue, of maximum magnitude values and of seismicity rates. In particular, 5 approaches were adopted to calculate the rates, in the form of truncated Gutenberg-Richter frequency-magnitude distribution. The first approach estimated seismicity rates using earthquakes located in each source zone, while the other approaches firstly calculated the a and b values of the truncated Gutenberg-Richter relation for groups of zones considered tectonically homogeneous, and successively partitioned in different ways the a values to the zones forming each group. The results obtained in terms of seismic hazard estimates highlighted that the uncertainty explored by the 20 seismicity models of MA4 is at least of the same order of magnitude of the uncertainty due to alternative ground motion models.
Surface-wave tomography for mineral exploration: a successful combination of passive and active data (Siilinjärvi phosphorus mine, Finland)
Authors: Colombero Chiara , Papadopoulou Myrto , Kauti Tuomas , Skyttä Pietari , Koivisto Emilia , Savolainen Mikko , Socco Laura Valentina
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Surface wave (SW) methods offer promising options for an
effective and sustainable development of seismic exploration, but they still
remain under-exploited in hard rock sites. We present a successful
application of active and passive surface wave tomography for the
characterization of the southern continuation of the Siilinjärvi
phosphate deposit (Finland). A semi-automatic workflow for the extraction of
the path-average dispersion curves (DCs) from ambient seismic noise data is
proposed, including identification of time windows with strong coherent SW
signal, azimuth analysis and two-station method for DC picking. DCs
retrieved from passive data are compared with active SW tomography results recently
obtained at the site. Passive data are found to carry information at longer
wavelengths, thus extending the investigation depth. Active and passive DCs
are consequently inverted together to retrieve a deep pseudo-3D shear-wave
velocity model for the site, with improved resolution. The southern
continuation of the mineralization, its contacts with the host rocks and
different sets of cross-cutting diabase dikes are well imaged in the final
velocity model. The seismic results are compared with the latest available
geological models to both validate the proposed workflow and improve the
interpretation of the geometry and extent of the mineralization. Important
large-scale geological boundaries and structural discontinuities are
recognized from the results, demonstrating the effectiveness and advantages
of the methods for mineral exploration perspectives.
The five main influencing factors for lidar errors in complex terrain
Authors: Klaas-Witt Tobias , Emeis Stefan
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Lidars have become a valuable technology to assess the wind resource at hub
height of modern wind turbines. However, because of the assumption of
homogeneous flow in their wind vector reconstruction algorithms, common wind profile Doppler lidars suffer from errors at complex terrain sites. This study analyses the impact of the five main influencing factors for lidar measurement errors in complex terrain, i.e. orographic complexity,
measurement height, surface roughness and forest, atmospheric stability, and half-cone opening angle, in a non-dimensional, model-based parameter study. In a novel approach, the lidar error ε is split up into a part εc, caused by flow curvature at the measurement points of the lidar, and a part εs, caused by the local speed-up effects between the measurement points. This approach allows for a systematic and complete interpretation of the influence of the half-cone opening angle φ of the lidar on the total lidar error ε. It also provides information about the uncertainty in simple lidar error estimations that are based on inflow and outflow angles at the measurement points. The model-based parameter study is limited to two-dimensional Gaussian hills with hill height H and hill half-width L. H/L and z/L, with z being the measurement height, are identified as the main scaling factors for the lidar error. Three flow models of different complexity are used to estimate the lidar errors. The outcome of the study provides various findings that enable an assessment of the applicability of these flow models. The study clearly shows that orographic complexity, roughness and forest
characteristics, and atmospheric stability have a significant
influence on lidar error estimation. Based on the error separation approach
it furthermore allows for an in-depth analysis of the influence of reduced
half-cone opening angles, explaining contradiction in the previously
available literature. The choice and parameterization of flow models and the design of methods for lidar error estimation are found to be essential to achieve accurate results. The use of a Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model in conjunction with an appropriate forest model is highly recommended for lidar error estimations in complex terrain since forest (and roughness) tends to reduce the lidar error. If atmospheric stability variation at a measurement site plays a vital role, it should also be considered in the modelling. When planning a measurement campaign, an accurate estimation of the predicted lidar error should be carried out in advance to choose a reasonable measurement location. This will decrease measurement uncertainties and maximize the value of the measurement data.